bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Europa Mediterránea: Peregrinos e guerreiros, peregrinos guerreiros
Authors: Vetere Benedetto
Published: November 2023

O artigo analiza en primeiro lugar a relación entre espazo, tempo e peregrinación no interior «dos diversos estratos e clases sociais». Destas consideracións deriva ante todo a neta división entre, por unha banda a peregrinación do mundo rural, vinculado á produción da terra, e por iso relixiosa, e por outra banda a peregrinación da sociedade urbana, do comerciante relacionado coas manufacturas, e por iso laica. Trátase tamén a peregrinación xudicial, que se difundiu especialmente no Flandres do século XIV. En segundo lugar, o espazo defínese xeográfica e culturalmente como mediterráneo, determinado polo caracter universal da relixión cristiá. Por último, o autor aborda a unidade do «espazo cristián» ao longo dos séculos e a súa repercusión sobre as peregrinacións a partir do século XI, cando o enfrontamento cos árabes e a defensa da unidade da igrexa concretizaron a idea da guerra santa. Nesta época a inseguridade nos camiños terrestres e marítimos que levaban ás metas da peregrinación determinaron a aparición das Ordes monástico-cabaleirescas, coa novidade do monacus-miles e do cruzado, fenómeno analizado nos textos de Guillerme de Tiro, no Liber ad milites Templi de Bernardo de Claraval, e na Chanson de Roland.
De Valencia a Querétaro. A devoción xacobea a través dunha estampa de Vicente Capilla Gil
Authors: Cacheda Barreiro Rosa , Ruiz Cuevas Karina
Published: November 2023

Nunha estampa do gravador valenciano Vicente Capilla Gil, realizada en 1792, conmemórase a fundación da cidade de Querétaro (México), acontecida o 25 de xullo de 1531, día da festividade de Santiago. A coincidencia destes dous feitos propiciou un suceso milagroso rexistrado no devandito gravado: a aparición no ceo da Santa Cruz e da imaxe do Apóstolo Patrón das Españas. Este feito propiciou a extensión do culto a Santiago por todo o Vicerreinado da Nova España e a devoción á Santa Cruz, que daría nome a un dos principais colexios de misións: o da Santa Cruz de Querétaro. O labor realizado polos frades franciscanos no contexto das misións queda resaltado na estampa de forma exemplarizante. Por medio do gravado búscase salientar as virtudes ou actos dos frades Fr. Antonio Llinaz e Fr. Antonio Marfil, de orixe española, como fundadores do colexio e evanxelizadores e apóstolos de Cristo.
Unha nova vía de peregrinación: o Camiño do Mar. Estudo do tramo Ribadeo-Viveiro
Authors: Fernández Pacios Xoán Ramón
Published: November 2023

En este artículo se recoge brevemente la investigación realizada sobre una nueva vía de peregrinación jacobea llamada Camino del Mar, que saliendo de Ribadeo recorre los ayuntamientos costeros de la provincia de Lugo y A Coruña para enlazar con el trazado oficial del Camino Inglés. Con este trabajo demostramos la existencia de una red hospitalaria junto al citado camino y la presencia continuada de peregrinos desde el siglo XVI hasta finales del XVIII.
Il “Liber Miraculorum sanctae Fidis” della Biblioteca di Sélestat
Authors: Piccat Marco
Published: November 2023

El códice membranáceo ms. 22 de la Bibliothèque Humaniste de Sélestat de finales del siglo XI contiene un testimonio excelente del Liber Miraculorum sanctae Fidis: en el grupo de los manuscritos que se han conservado, según el mismo A. Bouillet “...est de beaucoup le plus important et le plus complet de tous parce que qu’il a le plus grand nombre de miracles”. Cita una serie de textos en latín, compuestos entre los siglos XI y XIV, en honor a Santa Fe, la joven virgen venerada en Conques, además de himnos a San Nicolás y a Santiago el Mayor, y documentos oficiales propios del priorato de Sélestat, surgido este último en el año 1094 por voluntad de Hildegarde de Bar y de Mousson, viuda de Frédéric de Büren, dependiendo directa y exclusivamente de la abadía benedictina del Rouergue. El Liber Miracolorum de Sélestat está compuesto por cuatro partes redactadas por dos distintos autores: según la nota que se lee en f. 64 v. las dos primeras se deben a Bernard d’Angers y las últimas a un monje anónimo, muy probablemente de Conques. La diferencia evidente entre los dos primeros libros y los sucesivos, importante bajo el perfil de la historia del texto porque testimonia un diferente momento de composición, está limitada aparentemente por la uniformidad del lenguaje figurativo que, empleado tras la finalización de la segunda “serie” de milagros, completa su lectura. La diversa tipología de las representaciones de la santa a la que se dedica la recopilación, dentro de los diferentes capítulos entre los libros I, II y III, y IV, parece seguir con toda claridad una propia corriente interpretativa. La imagen de la joven doncella, elegante, con un hábito de amplias mangas, largo velo, joyas y tocados a juego, citada con insistencia en el corpus del Liber Miracolorum, fue retomada por el iluminador junto con algunas otras, de sugestiva importancia, como señal de la evolución de las tradiciones figurativo-cultuales.
María es la puerta: la antigua portada románica y los orígenes de la peregrinación a Montserrat
Authors: Sánchez Márquez Carles
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de nuestro estudio no es otro que la resolución de la problemática que gira entorno de la antigua portada de Montserrat, haciendo hincapié en la cronología y la ubicación original, así como en la filiación estilística de la escultura. Se analiza también el papel jugado por el portal montserratino en el desarrollo de la imagen de la “Virgen puerta” en la escultura románica catalana. En cualquier caso, parece que la construcción del portal pudo estar relacionada con el auge de las peregrinaciones a Montserrat. Progresivamente, el santuario mariano empezó a aparecer junto a Santiago y Roma como beneficiario en los testamentos de los peregrinos catalanes, adquiriendo bien pronto el “status” de centro regional de peregrinación y la condición de etapa en la ruta jacobea.
Les rythmes du silence
Authors: Chouinard Marie
Published: November 2023

Dans ce texte très personnel, Marie Chouinard parle de son travail, depuis ses débuts, avec la voix, le souffle, le son, et, surtout, avec et par le silence. Puis, elle évoque son oeuvre chorégraphique «M», créée le 26 janvier 2023 au Grand Théâtre de Québec, particulièrement du point de vue de sa relation au son et à la musique. Elle témoigne également de sa collaboration avec le compositeur Louis Dufort, avec qui elle travaille depuis 25 ans, et du rôle particulier qu’il a joué dans «M», qui intègre une « partition vocale » de la chorégraphe.
Notes on generalized and extended Leonardo numbers
Authors:   Warrane College, University of New South Wales, Shannon Anthony G. , Shiue Peter J.-S. ,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Huang Shen C. ,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Published: November 2023

This paper both extends and generalizes recently published properties which have been developed by many authors for elements of the Leonardo sequence in the context of second-order recursive sequences. It does this by considering the difference equation properties of the homogeneous Fibonacci sequence and the non-homogeneous properties of their Leonardo sequence counterparts. This produces a number of new identities associated with a generalized Leonardo sequence and its associated algorithm, as well as some combinatorial results which lead into elegant properties of hyper-Fibonacci numbers in contrast to their ordinary Fibonacci number analogues, and as a convolution of Fibonacci and Leonardo numbers.
n-Rooks and n-queens problem on planar and modular chessboards with hexagonal cells
Authors:   Central Luzon State University, Taganap Eduard C. , Almuete Rainier D. ,   Central Luzon State University
Published: November 2023

We show the existence of solutions to the n-rooks problem and n-queens problem on chessboards with hexagonal cells, problems equivalent to certain three and six direction riders on ordinary chessboards. Translating the problems into graph theory problems, we determine the independence number (maximum size of independent set) of rooks graph and queens graph. We consider the $n \times n$ planar diamond-shaped H_n with hexagonal cells, and the board $H_n$ as a flat torus $T_n$. Here, a rook can execute moves on lines perpendicular to the six sides of the cell it is placed, and a queen can execute moves on those lines together with lines through the six corners of the cell it is placed.
Plasma Growth Hormone Pulses Induce Male-biased Pulsatile Chromatin Opening and Epigenetic Regulation in Adult Mouse Liver
Authors: Rampersaud Andy , Connerney Jeannette , Waxman David J.
Published: November 2023

Sex-differences in plasma growth hormone (GH) profiles, pulsatile in males and persistent in females, regulate sex differences in hepatic STAT5 activation linked to sex differences in gene expression and liver disease susceptibility, but little is understood about the fundamental underlying, GH pattern-dependent regulatory mechanisms. Here, DNase hypersensitivity site (DHS) analysis of liver chromatin accessibility in a cohort of 18 individual male mice established that the endogenous male rhythm of plasma GH pulse-stimulated liver STAT5 activation induces dynamic, repeated cycles of chromatin opening and closing at several thousand liver DHS and comprises a novel mechanism conferring male bias to liver chromatin accessibility. Strikingly, a single physiological replacement dose of GH given to hypophysectomized male mice restored, within 30 min, liver STAT5 activity and chromatin accessibility at 83% of the pituitary hormone-dependent dynamic male-biased DHS. Sex-dependent transcription factor binding patterns and chromatin state analysis identified key genomic and epigenetic features distinguishing this dynamic, STAT5-driven mechanism of male-biased chromatin opening from a second GH-dependent mechanism operative at static male-biased DHS, which are constitutively open in male liver. Dynamic but not static male-biased DHS adopt a bivalent-like epigenetic state in female liver, as do static female-biased DHS in male liver, albeit using distinct repressive histone marks in each sex, namely, H3K27me3 at female-biased DHS in male liver, and H3K9me3 at male-biased DHS in female liver. Moreover, sex-biased H3K36me3 marks are uniquely enriched at static sex-biased DHS, which may serve to keep these sex-dependent hepatocyte enhancers free of H3K27me3 repressive marks and thus constitutively open. Pulsatile chromatin opening stimulated by endogenous, physiological hormone pulses is thus one of two distinct GH-determined mechanisms for establishing widespread sex differences in hepatic chromatin accessibility and epigenetic regulation, both closely linked to sex-biased gene transcription and the sexual dimorphism of liver function.
Optogenetic control of a GEF of RhoA uncovers a signaling switch from retraction to protrusion
Authors: De Seze Jean , Bongaerts Maud , Boulevard Benoit , Coppey Mathieu
Published: November 2023

The ability of a single protein to trigger different functions is an assumed key feature of cell signaling, yet there are very few examples demonstrating it. Here, using an optogenetic tool to control membrane localization of RhoA nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), we present a case where the same protein can trigger both protrusion and retraction when recruited to the plasma membrane, polarizing the cell in two opposite directions. We show that the basal concentration of the GEF prior to activation predicts the resulting phenotype. A low concentration leads to retraction, whereas a high concentration triggers protrusion. This unexpected protruding behavior arises from the simultaneous activation of Cdc42 by the GEF and sequestration of active RhoA by the GEF PH domain at high concentrations. We propose a minimal model that recapitulates the phenotypic switch, and we use its predictions to control the two phenotypes within selected cells by adjusting the frequency of light pulses. Our work exemplifies a unique case of control of antagonist phenotypes by a single protein that switches its function based on its concentration or dynamics of activity. It raises numerous open questions about the link between signaling protein and function, particularly in contexts where proteins are highly overexpressed, as often observed in cancer.
Evaluating the effectiveness of decomposed Halstead Metrics in software fault prediction
Authors: Khan Bilal , Nadeem Aamer
Published: November 2023

The occurrence of faults in software systems represents an inevitable predicament. Testing is the most common means to detect such faults; however, exhaustive testing is not feasible for any nontrivial system. Software fault prediction (SFP), which identifies software components that are more prone to errors, seeks to supplement the testing process. Thus, testing efforts can be focused on such modules. Various approaches exist for SFP, with machine learning (ML) emerging as the prevailing methodology. ML-based SFP relies on a wide range of metrics, ranging from file-level and class-level to method-level and even line-level metrics. More granularized metrics are expected to possess a higher degree of micro-level coverage of the code. The Halstead metric suite offers coverage at the line level and has been extensively employed across diverse domains such as fault prediction, quality assessment, and similarity approximation for the past three decades. In this article, we propose to decompose Halstead base metrics and evaluate their fault prediction capability. The Halstead base metrics consist of operators and operands. In the context of the Java language, we partition operators into five distinct categories, i.e., assignment operators, arithmetic operators, logical operators, relational operators, and all other types of operators. Similarly, operands are classified into two classes: constants and variables. For the purpose of empirical evaluation, two experiments were designed. In the first experiment, the Halstead base metrics were used along with McCabe, Lines of Code (LoC), and Halstead-derived metrics as predictors. In the second experiment, decomposed Halstead base metrics were used along with McCabe, LoC, and Halstead-derived metrics. Five public datasets were selected for the experiments. The ML classifiers used included logistic regression, naïve Bayes, decision tree, multilayer perceptron, random forest, and support vector machines. The ML classifiers’ effectiveness was assessed through metrics such as accuracy, F-measure, and AUC. Accuracy saw an enhancement from 0.82 to 0.97, while F-measure exhibited improvement from 0.81 to 0.99. Correspondingly, the AUC value advanced from 0.79 to 0.99. These findings highlight the superior performance of decomposed Halstead metrics, as opposed to the original Halstead base metrics, in predicting faults across all datasets.
Evaluation of the DNA Fragmentation of the Normozoosperms at the Pasteur Institute of Cote D’ivoire
Authors: N’Guessan Marie Florence , Kouadio Maxime , Beourou Sylvain , Méité Souleymane , Ekissi N’Gbésso Amos , Coulibaly Founzegue , Djaman Allico Joseph , Dosso Mireille
Published: November 2023

Sperm DNA fragmentation appears to be an important indicator of male fertility and an important parameter for evaluating the positive prognosis of a pregnancy. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of DNA fragmentation of normozoosperms received at the Institut Pasteur of Cote d’Ivoire (IPCI).

For this we determined the DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) of spermatozoa as well as its impact in normozoosperms. The spermogram was carried out according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the integrity of the sperm DNA was verified by the acridine orange test.

Of the 18 normozoosperms samples selected, an average of 20.28 ± 11.22% for the DNA fragmentation index was obtained. About 27.78% of the samples presented a high level of DFI which reflects a poor pregnancy prognosis. Thus, 27.78% of normozoosperms men have abnormal DNA which does not allow these individuals to be able to conceive. This study showed that DNA fragmentation is an important factor in sperm quality.
GIS-Based Analytical Hierarchy Process Modeling for Flood Vulnerability Assessment of Communities Along Otamiri River Basin Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Uwandu I. G.  , Ejikeme J. O.  , Chukwu F. N.
Published: November 2023

In recent times, communities along the Otamiri River Basin in Imo State have been grappling with flooding issues, especially during the rainy season. This occurs despite the presence of underground drainage systems. The primary concern is heavy rainfall causing the river to overflow and lead to flooding. Hence the study aimed at identifying the flood-prone areas in the Otamiri River Basin in Owerri, Imo State. The objectives are to establish factors for evaluating flood vulnerability within the study area;  to classify and standardize the factors according to levels of vulnerability; to determine the reliability of the classified factors; and  to produce a flood vulnerability map showing vulnerable areas in the study area. The methodology involved collecting Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and Sentinel 2A imagery of July 2022, and processing the data with ArcGIS and QGIS software to determine the topography and vulnerability areas through geo-referencing and classification. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was employed to identify high flood risk areas, considering factors like drainage density, slope, soil type, precipitation, population density, Euclidean distance, and land use. The study's results categorized vulnerability into five levels: Very Low (0.09% of Owerri, minimal risk), Low (12.93% with lower risk), Moderate (68.83% facing substantial risk), High (18.18% with significant risk), and Very High (0.03% posing extreme risk). These findings are recommended as foundational data for future flood studies in the region.
Reflective Practice: Effective Strategies for Combatting Challenges with Grading Policies
Authors:   Brantford High School, Smith Amanda
Published: November 2023

This reflective practice aims to identify and evaluate possible strategies to overcome certain limitations of the world language departmental grading policies in the high school where I teach. As a French teacher at a large public suburban high school in the northeastern United States, I sought to examine the problem of not knowing which strategies were most effective in overcoming my challenges with specific grading policies. John Dewey’s theories of reflection and experience provided the theoretical lens with which I explored the problem. I identified strategies associated with four categories of challenges and engaged in reflective evaluation and decision-making based on my experiences and the expertise of other scholars. The reflective process was stimulating, complex, and contemplative. Engaging in reflective practice was critical to evaluating the merits of my practices and identifying effective strategies to overcome certain limitations. I hope other educators, administrators, and policymakers can benefit from this reflection when considering best practices for grading students.
Expropriação financeira: limites teóricos e possibilidades do conceito de Costas Lapavitsas
Authors: Ferraz Raposo Bruna
Published: November 2023

O crescente relacionamento entre o sistema financeiro e indivíduos e famílias, fenômeno que ficou particularmente exposto após a Crise de 2007, motivou diversos debates sobre a financeirização do capitalismo. Dentro do campo marxista, Costas Lapavitsas propôs o conceito de expropriação financeira para explicar a apropriação sistemática de lucros a partir dos rendimentos da classe trabalhadora. Este artigo tem como objetivo sintetizar e desenvolver as principais críticas realizadas à tese de Lapavitsas, a partir de autores marxistas e do próprio referencial teórico marxiano, visando avançar no debate sobre o movimento de reprodução do capital na economia contemporânea.
Mercantilização da vida e land grabbing: uma aproximação a partir do valor em Marx
Authors: Jeziorny Daniel , Dillenburg Fernando , Kuhn Daniela , Maia William
Published: November 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho fora pavimentar uma via de interpretação teórica para o que se tem chamado land grabbing. Dado que se trata de um fenômeno que emerge a partir do desenvolvimento capitalista, buscou-se na teoria do valor marxiana um instrumental para tanto. Ao iluminar a essência subjacente a essa forma de reordenamento espaçotemporal do capital, conclui-se que o fenômeno do land grabbing pode ser entendido como uma forma pela qual o capital portador de juros coloca sob sua égide o espaço agrário que reordena em função da atual configuração do capitalismo, marcada por um regime de acumulação patrimonial que emana da forma mercadoria, mas especialmente da autonomização do valor. Dessa forma, velhas contradições são repostas num grau mais avançado de complexidade sistêmica.
A VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA AS MULHERES DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID 19 EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Cerejo Dalila , Rosa Rosário , Teixeira Ana Lúcia , Pasinato Wânia , Lisboa Manuel
Published: November 2023

O contexto pandémico, particularmente o primeiro confinamento de 18 de março de 2020, trouxe uma enorme incerteza, tanto em Portugal como em todo o mundo, sobre o que estaria a acontecer às mulheres relativamente à sua exposição a situações de violência. Este artigo apresenta os principais dados obtidos no projeto O impacto da COVID-19 na violência contra as mulheres, desenvolvido em 2020. Através de uma amostra estatisticamente representativa de 1500 mulheres portuguesas (Continente e Regiões Autónomas) foi possível concluir que, durante o período do primeiro confinamento, as mulheres ficaram ainda mais expostas à violência do que anteriormente.
GÊNERO COMO QUESTÃO DE ANÁLISE: UMA RÉPLICA
Authors: Mariz Silviana
Published: November 2023

O objetivo do presente artigo é interpelar a interpretação da socióloga Berenice Bento em Gênero: uma categoria útil de análise? (2022) sobre o conceito de gênero em Joan Scott (1986). O intuito é problematizar equívocos e inconsistências interpretativas e aprofundar o conhecimento das propostas da historiadora estadunidense, para quem gênero nunca foi sinônimo de diferença sexual, ao contrário do que afirma Bento. Adicionalmente, refletimos sobre o debate entre raça e gênero no contexto da escravidão atlântica, situando alguns contrapontos teóricos sobre o estatuto social da mulher negra escravizada, sobretudo a partir de bell hooks (1982) e Angela Davis (2016) que atestam a imposição da categoria “mulher” às pessoas traficadas da África.
ES LEY: A INTERRUPÇÃO VOLUNTÁRIA DE GRAVIDEZ NA ARGENTINA EM 2020
Authors: Silva Mayane Bento , Santos Izabelle Kristine Cruz dos , Mendes Mirela de Cássia Dinoá , Nunes Débora Aquino
Published: November 2023

Em 2020, o Congresso argentino aprovou o projeto de lei que garante o direito a interrupção voluntária da gravidez (Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo - IVE) de forma gratuita e segura. No entanto, em 2018 um projeto com a mesma finalidade foi derrotado. Nesta pesquisa analisamos os principais fatores que contribuíram para a aprovação do projeto de lei IVE em 2020, evidenciando a atuação dos movimentos sociais feministas no contexto de mudanças políticas na Argentina. O método consiste em um estudo de caso explanatório e holístico, de natureza qualitativa, com dados provenientes de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
VIOLÊNCIA POLÍTICA CONTRA AS MULHERES: OS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS NAS DINÂMICAS DE ELABORAÇÃO DOS PROJETOS DE LEI
Authors: de Oliveira Rocha Leonara , Guimarães Jacqueline , De Oliveira Rodrigues Priscila , Arrais Limongi Miguel Vinícius
Published: November 2023

A violência contra as mulheres na política é percebida como um dos obstáculos para a participação das mulheres na política em condições de igualdade com os homens. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa se propõe a analisar a participação dos coletivos sociais nas dinâmicas de elaboração de Projetos de Lei relacionados ao combate da violência política contra as mulheres, utilizando como ponto de partida o Projeto de Lei 349/2015. Os resultados apontam para a importância dos coletivos sociais em construções dialógicas e avanço de temas importantes para a sociedade.
Maine, (Sir) Henry (1822–1888)
Authors: Deflem Mathieu
Published: November 2023

The work of the British legal scholar Sir Henry Maine is reviewed in its intellectual and social context as a contribution to the development toward the social‐scientific study of law. Maine introduced important ideas on the historical evolution of law as influenced by nonlegal social conditions. Seeking to contribute to the jurisprudence of his day, Maine's work served explicitly practical purposes, yet thereby he also relied on scientific principles of historical inquiry and comparative research. This scholarly orientation remains at the heart of the social‐scientific study of law and legal systems until this day.
Aronowitz, Stanley (1933–2021)
Authors: Roberts Michael , Wright J. Talmadge
Published: November 2023

As one of the most important activist intellectuals in America, Stanley Aronowitz made several important interventions in US sociology, including the introduction of critical theory to US sociology; the critique of orthodox Marxism and the reconstruction of historical materialism; a novel interpretation of the US labor movement past and present; a radical critique of conventional education; and an engagement with British cultural studies, psychoanalysis, and poststructuralism through the founding of the influential journal
Social Text
. His early engagement with the Civil Rights Movement as a union organizer was complemented by his deep understanding of European philosophy, which informed both his teaching and his research and moved beyond the standard Old and New Left positions of the time.
Abortion as a Social Problem
Authors: Dillon Michele
Published: November 2023

The incidence and scope of abortion vary widely across the globe, and far from being a settled legal issue is contingent on the vagaries of the political and cultural environment. Most notably, in 2022 the US Supreme Court overturned its landmark
Roe v. Wade
decision legalizing abortion, thus dramatically altering the state‐by‐state map on abortion policy. Other countries, by contrast (e.g., Argentina, Benin, Republic of Ireland) have recently expanded the permissibility of abortion. The abortion pill, now more accessible (via mail and telehealth), is increasingly becoming the preferred abortion method, with medicated abortion accounting for just over half of all abortions in 2020.
White Collar Crime
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: November 2023

White collar crime is economically motivated crime committed by individuals in privileged positions in business and public organizations. Crime is committed by abuse of trust to benefit the individual by occupational crime or to benefit the organization by corporate crime. Perceived seriousness of white collar crime has been studied as a factor that can influence the involvement or lack of involvement of the criminal justice system. The theory of convenience is an emerging approach to explain the occurrence of white collar crime.
Internet Addiction
Authors: Johnson Nicola F.
Published: November 2023

Internet addiction refers to what is considered to be abnormal, problematic, or overuse of the Internet. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was first published in 1998, and much quantitative research validating the test continues to be published that reinforces the belief that heavy Internet use is abnormal and that dependence on the Internet constitutes a negative addiction. Since 1998, the increase in digital consumption, including online gaming, online gambling, and social media use has been significant. Given the everyday, habitual, and frequent use of digital devices, the construct of Internet addiction is a misnomer.
Labor–Management Relations
Authors: Helfen Markus , Pekarek Andreas
Published: November 2023

Labor–management relations (LMR) – also referred to as labor, employment, or industrial relations – concerns how relationships between employers and workers are regulated, organized, and experienced. As a field, LMR focuses on the specific institutions, social actors, and processes that shape the dynamics and outcomes of these employment relationships. Because LMR has profound implications for individual well‐being, organizational functioning, and the socioeconomic performance and cohesion of societies, it enjoys enduring interest from policy‐makers, practitioners, and academics in various disciplines. The entry summarizes core ideas in LMR, delineates the origins and perspectives in LMR as an academic field, and details the institutions and actors of LMR. It ends with an overview of current developments.
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) and International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOs)
Authors: Kim Jihyun
Published: November 2023

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) broadly refer to nonprofit actors that advocate for human rights, environment, gender, labor, Indigenous, refugee, peace, conflict, humanitarian, or religious issues, urging action from governments and citizens without direct intervention or dictation by the state. The emergence of various forms of NGOs/INGOs, however, has raised questions about funding sources, autonomy, agency, and hierarchy between INGOs and grassroots NGOs that render the concept, landscape, and impact of NGOs/INGOs contentious. Those who advocate for NGOs/INGOs treat them as actors of emancipation or pressure groups that lead to changes in or monitor the policy or decisions of government or multinational corporations. Critical scholars, by contrast, argue that instead of challenging social injustice, inequality, and differential power relations, as NGOs/INGOs have become professionalized, institutionalized, and potentially co‐opted, their activities have tended to depoliticize and demobilize the civil society groups and social movements on which they were founded.
Race (Racism)
Authors: Chang Richard , Barrita Aldo M. , Wong‐Padoongpatt Gloria
Published: November 2023

Race can be defined as a social construct that categorizes certain groups or individuals on the basis of physical traits such as skin tone or color, hair color and texture, eye color or shape. The use of the term has a long history of categorizing and dividing people into different groups, often to establish dominance through oppression and subjugation. Subsequently, racism – a byproduct of White supremacy – refers to an ideology that centers White people as superior to others and includes the attitudes, behaviors, and institutional practices that oppress people of color. Addressing and dismantling racism requires acknowledging the history of White supremacy and the oppression that continues to affect many communities of color in the USA.
Rape and Sexual Assault as Crimes
Authors: Shammi Suraiya , Beichner‐Thomas Dawn
Published: November 2023

Prior to the mid‐1970s, rape was defined in terms of British common law and restricted to the act of forcible carnal knowledge of a female, and there were no protections against marital rape. Legislative reforms redefined the crime to be sex‐neutral, and the single act was replaced with a series of calibrated offenses with commensurate penalties. Sexual assault is pervasive and yet highly unreported; some estimates suggest that fewer than half of all offenses are reported to the police. Accordingly, it is important to examine victimization surveys in conjunction with data on crimes reported to the police. Victimization data reveal that, while there are no marked racial differences, women are more likely to be victimized than men, and younger people (18–24 years of age) than older individuals. Over time, there have been changes in the processing of sexual assault cases and in the support services and resources available to survivors.
World Trade Organization
Authors: Kelly Kristy , Lee Susan Hagood
Published: November 2023

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a multilateral body that regulates world trade and provides a forum for negotiations to reduce trade barriers. It includes a mechanism for settling trade disputes between member states and for authorizing sanctions. The 164 member states agree to abide by negotiated rules governing trade in goods and services. Negotiations take place in rounds of talks about a package of reduced tariffs and trade barriers. A set of principles guides negotiations, including most favored nation treatment, predictability, transparency, fair competition, and special treatment for least developed nations. The most contentious issues in negotiations have been agricultural subsidies in developed nations. The WTO has been the focus of antiglobalization protests that highlight the negative consequences of trade liberalization such as high unemployment and environmental damage.
High Mechanical Strength Alloy‐like Minerals Prepared by Inorganic Ionic Co‐cross‐linking
Authors: Ma Zaiqiang , Kong Kangren , Yin Yu , Guo Zhengxi , Ma Xiaoming , Lin Qingyun , Wang Jie , Shen Yinlin , Lu Xingyu , Xu Xurong , Kong Xueqian , Liu Zhaoming , Tang Ruikang
Published: November 2023

Alloys often combine different metals to generate superior mechanical properties. However, it is challenging to prepare high mechanical strength minerals with similar strategies. Using calcium carbonate (CaC) and calcium phosphate (CaP) as examples, this work synthesizes a group of compounds with the chemical formulas Ca(CO3)x(PO4)2(1‐x)/3 (0 < x < 1, CaCPs) by cross‐linking ionic oligomers. Unlike mixtures, these CaCPs exhibit a single temperature for the phase transition from amorphous to crystallized CaC (calcite) and CaP (hydroxyapatite). By heat‐induced synchronous crystallization, dual‐phase CaC/CaP with continuous crystallized boundaries are resembled to alloy‐like minerals (ALMs). The mechanical properties of the ALMs are adjusted by tailoring their chemical compositions to reach a hardness of 5.6 GPa, which exceed those of control calcite and hydroxyapatite samples by 430% and 260%, respectively. This strategy expands the chemical scope of inorganic materials and holds promise for preparing high‐performance minerals.
Multifunctional Chiral Five‐Coordinated Manganese(II) Complexes for White LED and X‐Ray Imaging Applications
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Jiang Tianxaing , Yang Yafeng , Deng Yongjing , Wang Mengzhu , Ma Yun , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: November 2023

In this study, a pair of chiral manganese(II) complexes is reported based on phosphine oxide, denoted as R/S‐[(L)2MnBr]Br (L = 5,5′‐bis(diphenylphosphine oxide)−4,4′‐bi‐1,3‐benzodioxole). These complexes exhibit distinctive five‐coordinated crystal structures and high stability. In addition, R/S‐[(L)2MnBr]Br display intense red luminescence at room temperature and demonstrate outstanding circularly polarized luminescence property, featuring luminescence dissymmetry factor values of +1.56 × 10−2 and −1.94 × 10−2, respectively. By integrating S‐[(L)2MnBr]Br with commercial phosphors, a white light‐emitting diode is successfully fabricated with a correlated color temperature of 4512 K, achieving a remarkable color rendering index of 96.9. Furthermore, a exceptional scintillation performance is observed in the target compounds and ultimately showcase X‐ray imaging with a spatial resolution of up to 11.9 lp mm−1. This endeavor imparts invaluable insights for the advancement of prospective multifunctional chiral manganese(II)‐based luminescent materials.
A Giant Tunable Piezoelectric Performance in Two‐dimensional In2Se3 via Interface Engineering
Authors: Yuan Shuoguo , Zhang Yiming , Dai Minzhi , Chen Yancong , Yu Haiyan , Ma Zengsheng , Io Weng Fu , Luo Xin , Hou Pengfei , Hao Jianhua
Published: November 2023

Two‐dimensional (2D) layered piezoelectric materials have attracted enormous interest, which leads to wide applications in stretchable electronic, energy and biomedicine. The piezoelectric properties of 2D materials are mainly modulated by strain, thickness, defect engineering and stacked structure. However, the tunability of piezoelectric properties is typically limited by the small variation within one order of magnitude. It is challenging to obtain high tunable piezoelectric properties of 2D materials. Here, this study reports that the out‐of‐plane piezoelectric properties of 2D van der Waals In2Se3 are significantly manipulated using interface engineering. The variation value of piezoelectric properties is above two orders of magnitude, giving rise to the highest variation value in the 2D piezoelectric materials system. In particular, the 2D materials In2Se3 can be directly fabricated onto silicon substrate, which suggests its compatibility with the state‐of‐the‐art silicon semiconductor technology. Combining the experimental and computational results, this study reveals that the ultrahigh tunable piezoelectric properties result from the interface charge transfer effect. The work opens the door to design and modulate the unprecedented applications of atomic‐scale smart and multifunctional devices.
Self‐Powered Wireless Temperature Monitor System Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Machine Learning
Authors: Cui Xin , Zhou Yuankai , Liu Ruhao , Nie Jiaheng , Zhang Yaming , Yao Pengyu , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can power wireless, real‐time sensing system with hybrid electromagnetic or piezoelectric power, or directly drive commercial LED without battery. However, it is a great challenge to directly drive wireless real‐time sensing system due to low energy density based on environment energy. Here, a self‐powered smart wireless temperature monitoring system that uses machine learning to accurately measure the ambient temperature is developed. A position modulation‐based TENG‐driven transmitter enables wireless communication and real‐time temperature monitoring. This machine learning‐based wireless sensor can accurately monitor the ambient temperature, with a recognition accuracy of up to 96.2%. This sensor architecture could potentially be used in low‐cost distributed sensors for environmental monitoring.
Designing high‐performance nonfused ring electron acceptors via side‐chain engineering
Authors: Zheng Xinming , Liu Wenlong , Wei Nan , Zhang Andong , Ran Guangliu , Shan Hongtao , Huo Hong , Liu Yahui , Lu Hao , Xu Xinjun , Tang Zheng , Zhang Wenkai , Bo Zhishan
Published: November 2023

The side‐chain has a significant influence on the optical properties and aggregation behaviors of the organic small molecule acceptors, which becomes an important strategy to optimize the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells. In this work, we designed and synthesized three brand‐new nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) OC4‐4Cl‐Ph, OC4‐4Cl‐Th, and OC4‐4Cl‐C8 with hexylbenzene, hexylthiophene, and octyl side chains on the π‐bridge units. Compared with OC4‐4Cl‐Ph and OC4‐4Cl‐Th, OC4‐4Cl‐C8 with linear alkyl side chain has more red‐shift absorption, which is conducive to obtaining higher short‐circuit current density. Additionally, the OC4‐4Cl‐C8 film exhibits a longer exciton diffusion distance, and the D18:OC4‐4Cl‐C8 blend film displays faster hole transfer, weaker bimolecular recombination, and more efficient exciton transport. Furthermore, The D18:OC4‐4Cl‐C8 blend films may effectively form interpenetrating networks that resemble nanofibrils, which can facilitate exciton dissociation and charge transport. Finally, OC4‐4Cl‐C8‐based devices can be created a marvellously power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.56%, which is much higher than OC4‐4Cl‐Ph (12.29%)‐ and OC4‐4Cl‐Th‐based (11.00%) ones, being the highest PCE among the NFREA based binary devices. All in all, we have validated that side‐chain engineering is an efficient way to achieve high‐performance NFREAs.
Deep Imitation Learning for Optimal Trajectory Planning and Initial Condition Optimization for an Unstable Dynamic System
Authors: Chen Bo-Hsun , Lin Pei-Chun
Published: November 2023

In this article, an innovative offline deep imitation learning algorithm for optimal trajectory planning is proposed. While many state‐of‐the‐art works achieved optimal trajectory planning, their systems were stable or quasistable, and their approaches rarely optimized the system's initial conditions (ICs). Here, a new unstable dynamic system task called “internal sliding object stabilization control” is proposed, modeled, and solved by deep imitation learning. Given the system's ICs, the neural networks (NNs) can imitate the iterative linear quadratic regulator (iLQR), generate optimal trajectories, and compute faster. A proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is used to track the unstable trajectories. Leveraging on the gradients of NNs, it can optimize the system's ICs, avoid obstacles stepwise, and ensure the worst bounds of NNs for safety. Subsequently, thorough simulations are conducted, including comparing the iLQR and PID controllers in the task, optimizing the system's different ICs by gradient descent, and finding the worst bound of the performance by gradient ascent. Results show that the proposed algorithm achieves considerably improved performance. Finally, experiments are conducted with a real manipulator to compare the proposed structure with the original iLQR. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm resembles the iLQR well. Program code and experiment results are in https://github.com/DanielYamChen/ISOSC.git.
Soft Optical Waveguides for Biomedical Applications, Wearable Devices, and Soft Robotics: A Review
Authors: Wang Xuechun , Li Zilong , Su Lei
Published: November 2023

In the domains of biomedical applications, wearable devices, and soft robotics, recent advancements have underscored the potential of soft, stretchable, and biocompatible devices. The design of optical soft devices has emerged as an ideal candidate for many applications owing to their high flexibility and immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this review, recent advances in soft optical waveguides, including advanced material selection, fabrication strategies, and characterization, are discussed. Herein, a comprehensive summary of the soft‐waveguide sensing strategies and actuation approaches are provided. Furthermore, the extensive applications of soft optical waveguides in the fields of biomedicine, wearable devices, and soft robotics are explored. Lastly, the challenges and opportunities for the future of soft optical waveguides, including multimodal sensing, algorithm optimization, and manufacturing scalability, are discussed.
Fluorination Strategy Towards Symmetry Breaking of Boron‐centered Tetrahedron for Poly‐fluorinated Optical Crystals
Authors: Qiu Haotian , Li Fuming , Jin Congcong , Yang Zhihua , Li Junjie , Pan Shilie , Mutailipu Miriding
Published: November 2023

Borate crystals can be chemically and functionally modified by the fluorination strategy, which encourages the identification of emerging fluorooxoborates with a structure and set of characteristics not seen in any other oxide parents. However, the bulk of fluorooxoborates have been found accidentally, rational methods of synthesis are required, particularly for the infrequently occurring poly‐fluorinated components. Herein, we reported the use of bifluoride salts as a potent source of fluorine to prepare fluorooxoborates that contain rarely tri‐fluorinated [BF3X] (X=O and CH3) tetrahedra and eleven compounds were found. We identified the optical properties of the organofluorinated group [CH3BF3] and their potential for nonlinear optics for the first time. Among these, two non‐centrosymmetric components hold potential for the production of 266 nm harmonic coherent light for nonlinear optics, and more crucially, have the benefit of growing large size single crystals. Our study establishes experimental conditions for the coexistence of the diverse functional groups, enabling the production of poly‐fluorinated optical crystals.
A pattern of peri‐implantitis affecting middle implants in 3‐implant splinted prostheses
Authors: Prete Braedan RJ , Silva Michael AJ , Wong Brian C. , Deporter Douglas A.
Published: November 2023

Background

Previous investigators have noted an increased risk of crestal bone loss and failure of the middle implant of 3‐implant‐splinted (3‐IS) fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Possible causes have included ill‐fitting prostheses, unhygienic prosthetic contours, and discrepancies in prosthetic platform heights.

Methods & Results

We identified four cases in which the middle implant of a 3‐IS multiunit FDP suffered advanced bone loss, ultimately leading to implant removal. While more than one possible risk for implant failure existed in each case, a common thread was that the prosthetic platform of the middle implant for all patients was coronally positioned relative to the corresponding mesial and/or distal implants.

Conclusions

Splinting three adjacent implants into one prosthesis may add risk for a variety of reasons possibly including small differences in the heights of the three prosthetic tables.

Key points

Why are these cases new information?

Our observations suggest that discrepancies between implant prosthetic platforms supporting 3‐implant splinted, multiunit FDPs may be an added risk factor for middle implant failure.

What are the keys to successful management of these cases?

It is possible that small differences in apico‐coronal implant positioning with 3‐implant splinted multiunit FDPs may affect the success of the middle implants.

What are the primary limitations to success in these cases?

There is limited literature involving precise protocols and long‐term outcomes of 3‐implant splinted implant restorations.

Studies comparing 3‐implant splinted FDPs to other configurations are needed.
C9orf142 transcriptionally activates MTBP to drive progression and resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Liao Li , Deng Ling , Zhang Yin‐Ling , Yang Shao‐Ying , Andriani Lisa , Hu Shu‐Yuan , Zhang Fang‐Lin , Shao Zhi‐Min , Li Da‐Qiang
Published: November 2023

Background

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents the most challenging subtype of all breast cancers because of its aggressive clinical phenotypes and absence of viable therapy targets. In order to identify effective molecular targets for treating patients with TNBC, we conducted an integration analysis of our recently published TNBC dataset of quantitative proteomics and RNA‐Sequencing, and found the abnormal upregulation of chromosome 9 open reading frame 142 (C9orf142) in TNBC. However, the functional roles of C9orf142 in TNBC are unclear.

Methods

In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were performed to assess potential roles of C9orf142 in TNBC. Immunoblotting, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and immunofluorescent staining were used to investigate the expression levels of C9orf142 and its downstream molecules. The molecular mechanisms underlying C9orf142‐regulated mouse double minute 2 (MDM2)‐binding protein (MTBP) were determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual‐luciferase reporter assays.

Results

In TNBC tissues and metastatic lymph nodes, we observed that C9orf142 exhibited abnormal up‐regulation, and its elevated expression was indicative of unfavorable prognosis for TNBC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo functional experiments demonstrated that C9orf142 accelerated TNBC growth and metastasis. Further mechanism exploration revealed that C9orf142 transcriptionally activated MTBP, thereby regulating its downstream MDM2/p53/p21 signaling axis and the transition of cell cycle from G1 to S phase. Functional rescue experiment demonstrated that knockdown of MTBP attenuated C9orf142‐mediated tumour growth and metastasis. Furthermore, depletion of C9orf142 remarkably increased the responsiveness of TNBC cells to CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib.

Conclusions

Together, these findings unveil a previously unrecognized effect of C9orf142 in TNBC progression and responsiveness to CDK4/6 inhibitor, and emphasize C9orf142 as a promising intervention target for TNBC treatment.