bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Dan Penguatan Manajemen Pengolahan Buah Rambutan Di Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Adhan Adhan Efendi , Azhis Sholeh Buchori  , Roni Suhartono  , Aditya Nugraha  , Susilawati  , Agus Haris Abadi  , Masri Bin Ardin
Published: January 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa pembuatan alat, pelatihan diversifikasi dan pelatihan manajemen untuk petani buah rambutan di Desa Ciruluk, Kabupaten Subang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tanggal 12 Februari – 30 Juli 2020. Hasil Pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah adanya alat yang membantu proses pemanen buah rambutan, pelatihan pembuatan olahan buah rambutan dan pembentukan kelompok usaha bersama. Program pengabdian Masyarakat ini sebagai bentuk pelaksanaan Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi bagi POLSUB dan menyambung tali silaturami Antara Perguruan Tinggi dengan Masyarakat.
Pelatihan Strategi Marketing Bagi Pengrajin Gerabah Desa Gebangsari Klirong Kebumen
Authors: Rizana Dani , Akhmad Syarifudin
Published: January 2021

Gerabah Gebangsari merupakan salah satu satu produk khas desa Gebangsari yang diwariskan secara turun temurun namun belum mampu meningkatkan perekonomian warga masyarakat sehingga banyak yang beralih ke usaha bertani, berkebun atau bahkan banyak pengrajin usia produktif yang berpindah ke kota besar untuk mencari pekerjaan, minimnya pengetahuan srategi marketing juga kurangnya nilai ekonomis gerabah menyurutkan generasi muda untuk menekuni potensi kerajinan gerabah ini, ditambah lagi adanya pandemi covid 19 yang saat ini melanda seluruh dunia. Mitra pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah seluruh pengrajin yang berada di desa Gebangsari kecamatan Klirong Kabupaten Kebumen. Metode pelaksanaan FGD dan pelatihan. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan yang dilaksanakan (1) Dapat menumbuhkan motivasi pengrajin dimasa pandemic covid-19 (2) menambah pengetahuan strategi marketing sehingga meningkatkan volume penjualan pasca pandemi covid-19.
Pelatihan Keselamatan Berkendara Sepeda Motor Dalam Menekan Angka Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Bagi Siswa SMK di Kota Bekasi.
Authors: Siti Sahara  , Sylvira Ananda Azwar
Published: January 2021

Pada tahun 2018, terdapat 485 kasus dan menjadi 675 kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas sepanjang 2019. Sejumlah upaya terus dilakukan untuk mendorong dan menumbuhkan kesadaran tertib berlalulintas. Diantaranya dengan melaksanakan Pengabdian Masyarakat tentang keselamatan berkendara sepeda motor dalam menekan angka kecelakaan lalu lintas khususnya pada kalangan pelajar. Tujuan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini untuk memenuhi kegiatan Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi dengan memberikan penyuluhan agar siswa/i SMK di Kota Bekasi agar dapat memahami pentingnya berlalu lintas yang baik. Kegiatan ini akan dilaksanakan di via aplikasi zoom mengingat keterbatasan yang ditimbulkan akibat efek Covid-19. Pengabdian Masyarakat ini ini telah dilaksanakan dengan tanggapan cukup baik dari siswa/i SMK yang berada di wilayah Kota Bekasi. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari tanggapan respon mereka yang meminta untuk diadakan lagi pelatihan dengan tema bidang transportasi lainnya.
Berbagi Berbagi / Memberikan Bantuan Dimasa Pandemi Corona Kepada Masyarakat Yang Diperkirakan Terdampak Covid-19 Di Desa Anjir Seberang Pasar 2 Kabupaten Batola
Authors: Mahfuzil Anwar  , Rezky Nefianthi  , Arfie Yasrie  , Abdul Wahab
Published: January 2021

Salah satu dari Tridarma Perguruan Tinggi  yang ketiga yaitu Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat yang harus dilakukan bagi para Dosen,  banyak hal yang dapat dilakukan seperti misalnya  penyuluhan-penyuluhan, pelatihan-pelatihan serta bantuan-bantuan soaial seperti yang dilakukan oleh sebagian dosen yang akan dilaporkan berupa laporan pengabdian masyarakat sebagai bukti bahwa Dosen secara perorangan maupun secara kelompok atau Tim telah melakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat.   Berdasarkan deskripsi permasalahan di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas dan kuantitas Tridarma Perguruan Tinggi salah satunya adalah Pengabdian Kepada  Masyaraka merupakan pengembangan profesi dosen dimana kegiatan  ini masih sangat dibutuhkan oleh sebagian bagi masyarakat, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan kondisi saat Pandemi Covid-19 ini yang sangat mengganggu berbagai sektor, misalnya sektor kesehatan, sektor ekonomi maupun sektor-sektor lainnya dampak dari Pandemi ini. Dalam sambutannya Ketua Tim Pengabdian Kepada  Masyarakat Drs.H. Abdul Wahab, M.Si (STIMI Banjarmasin) berharap agar bantuan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi warga yang membutuhkan dan berdoa semoga Covid-19 ini segera berakhir serta kita sekalian dapat melakukan aktivitas seperti biasanya sebelum wabah Pandemi ini mengganggu kita dalam beraktivitas sebagaimana biasanya. Sebagaimana telah dikemukakan di atas, bahwa perguruan tinggi melalui tenaga pendidiknya (Dosen) mengemban tiga tugas utama atau lebih populer dengan sebutan Tridarma Peguruan Tinggi, yaitu menyelenggarakan Pendidikan, melakukan Penelitian, dan Melaksanakan Pengabdian Kepada  Masyarakat. Ketiga darma tersebut harus dilihat sebagai satu kesatuan yang utuh, dan tidak boleh dikotak-kotakkan secara terpisah. Oleh karenanyau, untuk memahami hakikat pengabdian kepada masyarakat, diperlukan pemahaman tentang dua darma yang lain. Tanpa melakukan darma pendidikan dan penelitian, tentu tidak akan ada hasil apapun yang dapat disampaikan kepada masyarakat.
Meningkatkan pelayanan publik Di Desa Padureso Kec. Padureso Kebumen dengan Sosialisasi dan PenyuluhanTata Kelola Administrasi Desa
Authors: Sotya Partiwi Ediwijoyo  , Wakhid Yuliyanto  , Ari Waluyo
Published: January 2021

Kegiatan Sosialisasi dan penyuluhan tentang tata kelola administrasi Desa merupakan bagian dari kegiatan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Tujuan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan atau kualitas pada perangkat desa Pemdes Padureso khususnya pada bidang tata kelola administrasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi dan penyuluhan dengan teknik dialog atau curah pendapat. Dengan kegiatan ini maka meningkatnya kinerja dan kemampuan administrasi tenaga/perangkat desa serta para pengelola BUMDES yang ada di Desa Padureso Kecamatan Padureso Kabupaten Kebumen, sehingga akan mengubah cara kerja tradisional menjadi cara kerja profesional untuk meningkatkan pelayanan masyarakat.
La calidad del servicio al cliente y la satisfacción laboral en la industria hotelera de las ciudades de Panamá y de Colón
Authors: Alzamora de Zárate Miroslava
Published: January 2021

Panamá por ser un sitio turístico y contar con una economía de servicio, la industria hotelera juega un papel muy importante. Según estadísticas señaladas, el turismo, junto a los servicios y actividades relacionadas, integra uno de los sectores más vigorosos en la economía. La industria hotelera representa unos 3 mil millones de dólares de inversión turística. y la industria genera alrededor de 40 mil empleos, pero en los últimos dos años se han perdido más de 25 mil puestos de trabajo, a lo que se sumará el efecto del alza del salario mínimo, que a su juicio afectará aún más a la actividad.Es por ello que el objetivo de este estudioes analizar la calidad del servicio al cliente y la satisfacción laboral en la industria hotelera de la ciudad de Panamá y de la ciudad de Colón.El tipo de investigación es descriptiva de diseño no experimental, y de campo; para recoger los datos se utilizaron dos cuestionario: uno se le aplicó a 445 clientes y el otro a 484 colaboradores para reunir la información, y luego se presentaron los resultados a través de cuadros con estadísticas descriptivas. La investigación desarrollada concluyó entre otros aspectos, en que los hoteles en Panamá cuentan con política o procedimiento en la busca de la satisfacción del cliente, pero la frecuencia de capacitación no es la adecuada. Es necesario divulgar y capacitar a todo el personal que el servicio al cliente se ha convertido en motivo esencial en la decisión del cliente al escoger donde realizar la compra de algún producto y/o servicio en especial en las empresas en las cuales su naturaleza es la prestación de servicio, como la industria hotelera, todo esto da como resultado que el servicio actualmente sea un factor fundamental en la competitividad en los negocios.
Estudio de Manejo Integral de Abonos en el Cultivo del Maíz
Authors: Solís Osvaldo
Published: January 2021

En la República de Panamá, los suelos de uso agropecuario presentan distintos grados de erosión, lo que afecta los rendimientos de los cultivos; una alternativa es el abonamiento integral, es decir, aplicar abonos orgánicos y químicos, con el fin de mejorar las cosechas, reducir la erosión y recuperar los procesos biológicos del suelo. El objetivo fue determinar diferencias en el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz, mediante la aplicación de abonos orgánicos vs químicos en suelos erosionados del Distrito de Las Minas. El diseño fue de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones, y cuatro tratamientos: testigo, abono completo, composta, y abono completo más composta. Se aplicaron dosis de seis onzas por planta de abono químico (12-24-12), y orgánico (compost), en el mismo momento, es decir, en la siembra, y 28 días después de la siembra, a un costado de cada planta. La producción del maíz estuvo entre 23,67 y 449.33 kg/ha; con baja cosecha en el tratamiento 3; y alta, en el tratamiento 4. Los pesos de las mazorcas variaron entre 22.23 y 167.71 g; el tratamiento 1, presentó el menor peso, y el tratamiento 4, el mayor; en el número de mazorcas, la cantidad mayor de mazorcas la obtuvo el tratamiento 2, seguido del 4, 1 y 3, respectivamente. El uso de fertilizantes químicos, y el compost, mostró la mejor producción, en grano; aumentos en los pesos de las mazorcas e incrementos en el número de mazorcas por hectárea.
eCProbe Lab
Authors: Cattafi Ricardo
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo presenta los avances del diseño y construcción en fase experimental de un dispositivo recolector de datos para factores de prueba de baterías alcalinas en condiciones normales de operación denominado eCProbe Lab. El desarrollo de éste es parte del plan de trabajo de un estudio para determinar la correlación entre factores ambientales y geográficos y la caducidad de carga de las baterías alcalinas primarias de tamaño AAA, AA, C, D y 9V en centros de distribución de baterías en Panamá. Los resultados muestran que ha habido un avance del 100% en la fase de especificación y diseño y un 60% en la construcción del eCProbe Lab. Se usó un plan de trabajo a 60 días (ampliado a 120 días por retrasos en la logística del cumplimiento de plan de trabajo) que comprendía las etapas de especificaciones de diseño, elaboración de modelos, simulación eléctrica, construcción y montaje y pruebas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el método, las especificaciones, el diseño y los métodos de construcción se han cumplido según el plan propuesto salvo la extensión de tiempo efectuada por problemas logísticos.
Tribe and State in the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Peterson J.E.
Published: January 2021

The term "tribe" has acquired a negative and often archaic connotation in much of the world. In the Arabian Peninsula, however, tribes are not relics of the past but a vital component of society exercising varying impacts on state policy. The concepts of "tribe in the state"
and "tribe versus the state" are useful in explaining the range of relationships between tribes and states. Regional variations around the peninsula play a key role in determining the applicability of one concept over the other.
The BRI Is What Small States Make of It: Evaluating Kuwait's Engagement with China's Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Mansour Imad
Published: January 2021

Kuwait's expanding engagement with China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) sheds light on its strategies to meet its socioeconomic needs and navigate the Gulf's adversarial politics. The BRI presents a good case study of how the Kuwaiti leadership evaluates the benefits of and dilemmas
created by asymmetric structural relationships. This article thus explores how governmental agency in strategically managing massive financial assets complicates our understanding of the vulnerability of so-called small states.
The Gulf Monarchies and Israel: From Aversion to Pragmatism
Authors: Barany Zoltan
Published: January 2021

The relationship between most of the Gulf monarchies and Israel has improved in recent years. This article argues that four fundamental reasons account for the shift in Gulf leaders' attitudes: growing alignment of geopolitical interests against Iran, failings of American Middle East
policy, recognition of the potential economic benefits of détente, and attitudinal shifts about the Palestinian cause. While this trend is present nearly throughout the Gulf, individual states' evolving nexuses to Israel underscore the divergences in their foreign policies.
Arab Scholarship on Turkey's Regional Role before and after the Rise of the AKP
Authors: Magued Shaimaa
Published: January 2021

This article examines scholarship from the Arab world on Turkish foreign policy since the early 1980s to show shifts in Arab perceptions of Turkey. Prior to 2002, Arab scholars were focused on the competition between Turkey's secular and religious elites, with largely negative views
of the country's policies in the Middle East. With the rise of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), Arab scholars began to look more positively toward Turkey, as it sought to play a new role in the Middle East. With the Arab uprisings from 2011 onward, the Arab literature on Turkey began
to vary, reflecting the developments in Turkey's relationships with scholars' respective countries.
Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Pengolahan Data Administrasi Pada Klinik Mitra Sehat Jakarta Selatan Berbasis Java
Authors: Tamarawati Sely
Published: January 2021

Aplikasi sistem informasi administrasi menjadi faktor penting dalam  sebuah  Klinik Mittra Sehat Jakarta Selatan Sistem informasi administrasi klinik dirancang untuk dapat meminimalisir kegiatan manual, dimana petugas masih kesulitan dalam melakukan pencarian nomor rekam medis karena banyak pasien yang tidak membawa kartu berobat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi pasien di Klinik Mita Sehat, mengurangi kesalahan karena faktor manusia demi memaksimalkan pelayanan kepada pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan smerancang aplikasi Sistem Administrasi Klinik berbasis web yang terintegrasi meliputi kegiatan registrasi pasien, pengolahan data, pemeriksaan pasien dan data resep obat hingga transaksi pembayaran secara bertahap Dengan adanya apliakasi sistem informasi pada Klinik Mitra Sehat ini dihaapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan informasi yang cepat, tepat dan akurat untuk kemajuan Klinik. Aplikasi ini dibuat dengan program Java Netbeans Sedangkan untuk koneksinya dalam database MySQL. Aplikasi ini dapat mempermudah kegiatan administrasi yang meliputi data pasien, data pemeriksaan, serta pelayanan pasien secara bertahap mulai dari proses registrasi hingga transaksi pembayaran.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM APLIKASI INVENTORY BARANG PADA TOKO ABC BERBASIS JAVA STANDART EDITION
Authors: Nasrulloh Isnain
Published: January 2021

Toko ABC adalah sebuah usaha yang bergerak dibidang penjualan furniture yang maju dan berkembang pesat di Jakarta. Salah satu perlunya inventory dilaksanakan dengan baik yaitu mengetahui secara pasti harga pokok dari barang-barang dagangan yang terjual, Dalam melakukan pendistribusian barang kepada pelanggan sering terjadi kesalahan dalam pencatatan dan pengeluaran barang, dikarenakan sistem yang ada pada saat ini masih menggunakan pencatatan Secara konvensional. Oleh karena itu, untuk menghindari permasalahan tersebut makan diterapkan sistem terkomputerisasi dan dalam berntuk aplikasi java standart edition yang menangani inventory tersebut
SISTEM PENDATAAN PASIEN PADA BIDAN PURBA BERBASIS JAVA
Authors: Damanik Ariando , Prasetya Rendi , Nazelliana Dian
Published: January 2021

Purba Midwives is one of the agencies engaged in the health sector that uses information systems to support activities and patient health services at the Ancient Midwife. The problem that occurs in the Ancient Midwife is that the existing information system is not computerized or is still using manual methods in processing patient data, resulting in accumulation of patient data, inaccurate reporting processes and ineffective and inefficient processing of patient data. Researchers aim to research and assist in solving problems that exist in the ancient midwife, namely, making a patient data collection information system. Making a system at the ancient midwife, researchers used a process model or waterfall method. The research method used by researchers is a qualitative research method by collecting and analyzing data on the ancient midwife. While the system is built using the Java programming language and uses MySQL as a database. In the process of making a patient data processing system, it is hoped that it can assist officers in processing patient data, assist officers in presenting patient data information and making health service reports to be effective and efficient.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN PADA TOKO UDIN MAKASAR
Authors: Rifhal Adriansyah
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempermudah tugas karyawan dan membantu dalam pencatatan laporan yang ditujukan kepada pemilik toko udin makasar sehingga dapat dikerjakan secara efektif. Pada saat ini semua jenis transaksi di toko udin makasar masih dilakukan secara manual, seperti transaksi pembelian dari supplier dan transaksi penjualan terhadap pelanggan, stok barang yang belum dilakukan pendataan sehingga apabila pegawai ingin mengetahui stok barang yang ada pegawai harus mengecek langsung di tempat penyimpanan barang. Terjadinya waktu tunggu ketika transaksi pembelian untuk mengecek ketersediaan dan juga harga yang kebetulan tidak ditampilkan secara komputerisasi di toko. Maka dari masalah yang timbul penulis berharap dengan adanya aplikasi ini transaksi penjualan di toko yang masih manual menjadi terkomputerisasi sehingga proses menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. Peneliti juga melakukan penelitian menggunakan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD) yaitu sebuah proses perkembangan software sekuensial linier yang mengutamakan siklus perkembangan proses dalam waktu yang singkat, Model RAD adalah suatu perkembangan metode dari model waterfall. Setelah dilakukan pengujian peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa aplikasi penjualan berbasis sistem komputer dapat secara efektif dan efisien dalam melakukan proses penyajian data yang cepat dan akurat, Sistem penjualan ini tercipta dengan dukungan bahasa pemrograman Java Netbeans 8 dan XAMPP sebagai media datastore.
Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanolik Batang Tanaman Majapahit (Crescentia cujete) Terhadap Artemia salina Leach
Authors: Martha Rahma Diyan , Fatimah
Published: January 2021

Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and the ability of these cells to attack biological tissue. Various attempts have been made, one of them with treatment to kill cancer cells, but not a few of these efforts actually cause side effects. This fact demands the need for a safe alternative way to treat cancer using natural ingredients. One of the local natural resources that has the potential to treat cancer is Majapahit (Crescentia cujete). In this study, Majapahit (C. cujete) stem extracts were carried out which have anticancer activity. The first stage was screening by conducting a qualitative analysis of the ethanol extract of the stem of the majapahit plant (C. cujete). Furthermore, a toxicity test was carried out against Artemia salina Leach using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method. Phytochemical testing was carried out to check the content of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the majapahit stem extract, and the results were positive for flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenolics. This data, supported by spectrophotometric tests, proved that the largest concentration of the ethanolic extract of the majapahit (C. cujete) stem was 24.05% tannin. Then the LC50 test from the toxicity test of the active component of majapahit plant stem extract (C. cujete) against Artemia salina Leach showed a concentration of 0.01 µg / mL and 0.04 µg / mL, namely with a percentage below 50%.
Online Teaching
Authors: Asghar Rai Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Higher education systems all over the world are challenged nowadays by new information and communication technologies (ICT). These technologies have had a huge impact on the world economy, corporate management, and globalization trends. They bear a tremendous potential in reshaping the nature of study environments everywhere.The Internet provides the opportunity to access intercultural and personalized knowledge for learning, to acquire theoretical knowledge, and to explore and apply knowledge. The Internet offers worldwide accessible knowledge and learning applications at any time and at any place. One of the learning applications which has become widespread is online learning.Existing and emerging e-learning technologies are having intense, immediate, and disruptive impacts on the education systems. Nowhere is the impact felt more than on the practitioners who teach. More specifically, education has moved into the third decade of profound change in how courses and programs are designed and delivered. During this time, many new possibilities have become apparent. simultaneously, many changes have sprouted in almost all the sectors of education with the rise of e-learning technologies.Online teaching can be defined as gaining knowledge and skills through learning applications that are written, communicated, supported, and managed with internet technology. It is often referred to as e-learning. Online learning has become one of the most beneficial applications in higher education. Online courses and programs continue to grow in higher education sittings. Students are increasingly demanding internet access and as a result, universities and colleges are improving their systems to meet their demands.Online teaching is an instructional delivery system that allows students to participate in an educational space without being physically present in the same location as the instructor. The rapid growth in the number of distant education courses and programs has/had a profound impact on the ideas and beliefs about teaching and learning. The use of the internet with web-based course work has become a core method of instruction in distance learning.
Hematological Profiles of Patients Suffering from Severe and Non-Severe COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Butt Adam Umair Ashraf , Malik Abdur Rehman , Khan Muhammad Sarfraz , Ghazanfar Saqlain , Khalid Areeb , Tariq Hafiz Tanveer , Ullah Safi , Khan Muhammad Mujeeb
Published: January 2021

Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating effects on the lives of people all over the globe. Thus, it is important to identify differences between the severity levels of the disease to understand pathophysiology better and therefore, come up with more efficient ways to diagnose and combat it. The objective of this study is to analyze the hematological profile of non-severe & severe patients at the time of presentation in tertiary health care set up and identify any differences between them.Materials and Methods: A comparative retrospective study was carried out among patients visiting the Infectious Diseases Department at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi through systematic random sampling. The self-structured questionnaire consisted of 1) Sociodemographic details and 2) Hematological profile (samples taken at the time of admission). The hematological profile consisted of hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell count (WBCs), platelets (PLT), neutrophils, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Continuous variables were compared by the Mann–Whitney U test and enumeration variables were compared by Pearson χ2 or Fisher exact test, where appropriate. Results: Out of 106 patients, fifty-eight (54.7%) were non-severe while 48(45.3%) were severe at the time of presentation. In our study, there was a lower level of platelets and consequently, more thrombocytopenia in severe patients comparatively. A significantly longer PT time was also observed in severe patients. Our results showed a marked difference in the levels of hemoglobin between the two groups, along with an increased incidence of neutrophilia in patients with severe outcomes.Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, and falling hemoglobin levels are the hematological factors that differ significantly between severe and non-severe forms of the disease.
Knowledge About Dengue Fever Prevention Among People Visiting Benazir Bhutto Hospital
Authors: Fayyaz Tamanna , Yasin Maria , Tariq Ahsan , Mughal Aashi , Bukhari Mujtaba Haider , Ms. Khushbakht
Published: January 2021

Background: The higher incidence of dengue fever in Pakistan demands additional efforts in order to limit the disease. Despite active public health campaigns, low public awareness is one of the factors facilitating dengue virus transmission. For effective preventive measures, the assessment of the knowledge gap and then taking appropriate steps to fill the gap is required.The objective of this study is to assess knowledge about dengue fever prevention among people visiting Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi.Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study of 6 months duration was conducted with 280 participants selected via nonprobability convenience sampling. After informed consent, an interview was conducted based on a questionnaire that assessed socio-demographic parameters and knowledge about dengue virus transmission and prevention. Data were analyzed through SPSS v. 22. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Board (ERB) of Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied hospitals.Results: Out of 280 respondents, 54.6% were males and 45.4% females and the mean age was 35.0 ± 13.1 years. The respondents having high knowledge scores were 66(23.6%) while those having moderate and low scores were 159 (56.8%) and 55 (19.6%) respectively. Educated respondents (p=0.03) and urban residents (p=0.05) had higher knowledge scores.Conclusion: The majority of the participants know about dengue fever. However, only one out of every four respondents has good knowledge scores for dengue fever prevention.
Effectiveness of Health Education Message in Improving Tetanus Health Literacy among Women of Childbearing Age: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Bukhari Mujtaba Haider , Ms. Khushbakht , Mughal Aashi , Tariq Ahsan , Yaseen Maria , Fayyaz Tamanna
Published: January 2021

Background: Pakistan is one of the 34 countries yet to achieve the neonatal tetanus global elimination target set by the World Health Organization. Lack of vaccination, inadequate knowledge about prevention, and unsafe practices are major causes of spread. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of health education messages in improving tetanus health literacy among women age 16 to 45 years.Methods: The quasi-experimental study which was carried out from April 2018 to June 2018 at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi consisted of 150 female respondents of age 16 to 45 years selected by non-probability convenience sampling. Written informed consent was taken from each participant. Afterward, respondents were sequentially delivered pre-test proforma, health education message (verbally and in the form of the pamphlet), and a post-test proforma after a gap of 2 days. The pre-test and post-test proformas assessed knowledge about tetanus. Data were analyzed via SPSS version 22.Results: Out of 150 women 20.1% were uneducated and 79.9% were educated. The area of residence was urban for 83.3% and rural for 16.7%. Mean tetanus health literacy scores increased significantly from 6.32 ± 2.85 to 10.55 ± 3.87 (p=0.01). Health education message was more effective for students and employees compared with housewives (p=0.01). Similarly, women possessing higher education were more likely to have high scores on post-tests (p=0.01).Conclusions: The health education message is effective in improving tetanus health literacy among women.
Knowledge About Complications of Diabetes Mellitus and its Association with Treatment Compliance Among Type 2 Diabetics Visiting a Public Sector Diabetes Clinic
Authors: Gull Mubashra , Hussain Rafia , Bukhari Mujtaba Haider , Bibi Jamila , Mughal Aashi
Published: January 2021

Background: Despite effective methods of treatment, half of the diabetic patients fail to achieve good glycemic control. Type 2 Diabetics who have knowledge about their disease and treatment can play an active role in their diabetes care and are more likely to achieve optimal blood glucose and HbA1c levels. The objective of this study is to assess knowledge of complications of type 2 Diabetes mellitus and its association with treatment compliance in patients visiting a public sector diabetes clinic.Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive correlational study conducted at the Diabetes Clinic of Benazir Bhutto Hospital that encompassed 180 participants who were positive for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study took place in 6 months from February to July in 2018. The participants were selected by non-probability convenience sampling, and informed consent was taken from the participants. They were assessed by a questionnaire-based interview. Data were analyzed via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22 by applying descriptive statistics.Results: Out of 180 participants, the mean age was 51.53 years (72.8% females and 27.2% males), 46.7% were taking oral hypoglycemic agents while 53.3% were on insulin. Respondents compliant with anti-diabetic drugs were 73.8%. The main reasons for non-compliance include forgetting to take medicine (43.5%), side effects of medications (10.9%), feeling that too many medications were prescribed (10.9%), or high dose was given (8.7%), and interference with meal plans (8.7%). A higher score of knowledge was associated with better compliance with treatment.Conclusions: The knowledge of complications of diabetes and compliance with treatment is inadequate in patients visiting diabetes clinics. Those who have higher scores showed better compliance with the treatment.
Frequency of Nomophobia among Medical Students of Rawalpindi Medical University
Authors: Safdar Laibah , Khan Nayyab , Qureshi Mehjabeen
Published: January 2021

Background: Nomophobia is defined as “The discomfort or anxiety felt when out of the mobile phone (MP) or computer contact. It is the fear of becoming technologically incommunicable, distant from the mobile phone or not connected to the web”. The frequency of nomophobia has increased over the past years and this condition has many negative consequences. The objective of our study is to find the frequency of nomophobia among medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University (RMU).Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Rawalpindi Medical University (RMU) over the course of one year. The inclusion criteria were medical students of all five years of MBBS studying at RMU. Students who do not own or use a smart-phone were excluded from the study. Our sample size was 350 students, who were recruited by convenience sampling. For this study, The Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q)has been used which has 20 items. Each item is scored on a 7 point Likert scale. The total score ranges from 20 to 140. Results: The mean NMP-Q score of the male students was 82.96 (±21.06) and that of the female students was 78.52 (±23.69), with a p-value of 0.065, which is insignificant. Out of the total 350 students, the number of students with a mild level of nomophobia was 61(17.4%), with a moderate level of nomophobia was 216(61.7%), and with severe nomophobia was 73(20.9%).Conclusion: Measures are needed to be taken on both public and personal level to counter this issue of nomophobia, which is becoming highly prevalent in our society.
Preoperative Anxiety and Fear of Anesthesia in Patients admitted in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Rawalpindi
Authors: Mariyam Zahra , Safdar Laibah , Fatima Shafaq , Zaheer Jawad
Published: January 2021

Background: Preoperative apprehension is a widespread global problem. This anxiety and apprehension can significantly affect all aspects of anesthesia and surgery. Thus, it is essential to detect and address the patient's anxiety to assist in recovery after surgery and improve the patient's outcome. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted over one year in the allied hospitals of Rawalpindi Medical University (RMU). Our sample size was 380 preoperative patients, who were selected by convenience sampling. The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) was used.Results: The overall prevalence of anxiety was 30.5%, while the prevalence of information requirement was 33.2%. The mean total APAIS was 12.73±8.56, the mean anxiety subscore was 8.25±5.58, and the mean need for information subscore was 4.48±3.16. A statistically significant difference was found in the scores of the patients based on age, gender, education, type of anesthesia, and type of surgery (p< 0.05). The previous history of anesthesia and the presence of comorbidities did not bring a significant difference in the scores of the patients (p>0.05). Postoperative pain was the most important concern, found in 32% of the patients.

Conclusion: Younger age group, female gender, having no formal education, surgery under regional anesthesia, and undergoing C-section, IOL implantation and septoplasty are associated with higher preoperative anxiety, while the presence of comorbidities and previous history of anesthesia are factors that do not significantly affect preoperative anxiety in our population.
Safety and Cost-Effectiveness of N-butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate without Lipiodol in Endoscopic Management of Gastric Varices
Authors: Ahmad Mahmood , Ayub Muhammad , Janjua Fawad Iqbal , Majeed Aisha , Gilani Nooman
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Gastric varices are frequently seen in patients with portal hypertension. The mainstay of treatment is variceal injection with a mixture of N-butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate and lipiodol. The use of N-butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate without lipiodol is not extensively studied and it can be a cost-effective approach. The objective of our study was to evaluate whether the use of N-butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate without lipiodol is a safe and effective endoscopic treatment for gastric varices. Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between June 2016 and May 2017 at the Department of Gastroenterology, Gujranwala Medical College/ DHQ Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala. A total of 100 patients with gastric varices diagnosed on upper GI endoscopy were enrolled in the study. N-butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate without lipiodol was injected into the gastric varices of all the patients. All procedures were performed by experienced gastroenterologists. The patients underwent monthly follow-up endoscopies to determine the outcome and adverse events. Results: Out of 100 patients, 40 patients (40 %) were men and 60 (60%) were women. The mean age was 53 years. The mean volume of N-butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate used per session was 1.5ml ± 0.5 ml (range 1-2ml). Obliteration of Gastric varices was achieved in 92 patients (92%) while in 04 patients (4%) varices did not obliterate over a mean follow-up of 12 months. No treatment-related immediate or late complications were observed in all patients. Four patients (4%) died of delayed rebleeding (after two weeks of intervention). Conclusion: Injection therapy of gastric varices with N-butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate alone without lipiodol is a safe and cost-effective method for gastric varices.
Frequency of Cystic Fibrosis in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections by Sweat Chloride Testing: A Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zaman Nahdia , Zafar Anam , Amjad Maryam , Ghazi Shahzadi Sumbal , Abid Uzma , Hamid Muhammad Haroon
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study was designed to find out the frequency of cystic fibrosis in children with recurrent respiratory infections by performing a sweat chloride test.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from 1st September 2015 to 28th February 2016 in the department of Pediatric Medicine at the Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore after ethical approval. A total of 300 cases of recurrent respiratory tract infections were included. The sweat chloride test was done by using pilocarpine-induced iontophoresis and measuring chloride levels on the forearm or thigh by sweat analyzer at the time of induction. Cystic fibrosis was labeled if sweat chloride level ranges above 60 mEq/L. Data was collected on Performa and SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: Mean age of patients was 6.24 ± 2.7 years with 52.7% males and 47.3% females. Most patients (86.3%) have more than 5 episodes of respiratory infection in a year. Cystic fibrosis was diagnosed in 19 (6.3%) patients. There was no relationship between the frequency of respiratory infections in a year and cystic fibrosis (p-value 0.78).Conclusion: This hospital-based study showed quite a high incidence of cystic fibrosis in our population. So facilities including neonatal screening along with sweat chloride testing and genetic analysis should be increased.
Common uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Faraz Basharat , Shahzad Khubaib , Khan Nida Basharat , Kokab Zaufishan , Iqbal Zahoor , Mansoor Khurram
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most frequent infections encountered by doctors. It can be a significant source of morbidity for some patients. Microbes are growing resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobials and UTIs are becoming more difficult to treat day by day. The study aimed to investigate the common uropathogens encountered in our geographical region and to study their antibacterial susceptibility patterns.Material and Methods: It was a retrospective descriptive study carried out in the Armed Forces Institute of Urology, in collaboration with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, during the year 2019. Positive reports for urine culture and sensitivity performed during the last two years were studied to document various isolates and their antimicrobial sensitivity.Results: A total of 3191 positive urine cultures in the last two years (2017-2019) were studied. Escherichia coli (66%), followed by Klebsiella Pneumonia (12%) were the most frequently encountered organisms. Overall resistance to Ciprofloxacin was 66%, Cotrimoxazole was 62%, Gentamycin was 40%, Fosfomycin (9.5%) followed by Meropenem (28%) and Nitrofurantoin (35%) were the most sensitive antibiotics.Conclusion: Gram-negative bacilli are the predominant organisms responsible for urinary tract infections. These uropathogens show significant resistance to routinely used antibiotics. Fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin are suitable oral anti-bacterials for patients with UTI, whereas Meropenem is suitable if an injectable therapy is required. Our study may act as a guide for the choice of empiric antibiotics based on local resistant patterns.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Adenosine deaminase enzyme (ADA) in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion
Authors: Rasheed Haroon Ur , Khan Ejaz Hassan , Shafi Mohsin , Rafiq Ahmad , Ali Ambreen , Shuaib Syed Luqman
Published: January 2021

Objective: To study the diagnostic accuracy of Adenosine deaminase enzyme (ADA) in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE).Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Pulmonology departments of Lady Reading and Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar and department of Pathology, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar from April 2015 to Jan 2016. A total of 210 tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleural effusion patients were selected through consecutive non-probability sampling techniques. After physical and systemic examination, 3cc of pleural fluid was taken. ADA was estimated by Non-Guisti and Galanti method through the simple colorimetric method. All the data was entered in a specially designed proforma and SPSS v16 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Out of 210 tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleural effusions, the commonest cause of pleural effusion was tuberculosis followed by malignancy. In our study, Pleural fluid ADA levels have sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value( PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.5%, 92.3%, 92.4%, and 96% respectively in differentiating tuberculous pleural effusions from non-tuberculous lymphocytes predominant pleural effusions. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is the commonest infectious disease worldwide. A pleural fluid ADA level of ≥ 35 U/L in lymphocyte-predominant effusions makes mycobacterium tuberculosis most likely etiology. This test is not only very sensitive and specific but also it is very cheap, quick, and easy to perform by routine colorimetric method.
Thrombocytopenia in patients diagnosed with Malaria in District Buner, KP
Authors: Muhammad Noor , Khan Muhammad Hammad , Jawaid Hafiza Ayesha , Shah Syed Mohsin Ali , Ali Muhammad Owais , Khan Ayesha Sher
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Thrombocytopenia is one of the numerous complications of malaria infection, which could be lethal if not diagnosed and managed on time. Our study aims to determine the occurrence of thrombocytopenia in patients hospitalized with malaria.Material and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2016 till December 2019. Data was collected from the patient’s record registers. A total of 201 cases were included in this study. Data was collected, entered, and analyzed in IBM SPSS 23 software package.Results: Out of the total 201 cases, 108 (53.7%) were males and 93 (46.3%) were females. 189 (94%) cases were suffering from P. vivax, 10 (5%) were suffering from P. falciparum, and cases suffering from both were only 2 (1%). Thrombocytopenia was present in 183 (91.04%) cases (95% confidence interval 2.13-2.37). 91.53% (n=173) of cases diagnosed with P. vivax had thrombocytopenia while 90% (n=9) cases diagnosed with P. falciparum had thrombocytopenia.Conclusion: We conclude from this study that, thrombocytopenia occurs in all species of malaria and is not a distinguishing feature between the principal types of malaria. With prompt identification and management, platelets count reverts back to normal.
A Case Report of Primary Ovarian Mucinous Adenocarcinoma treated at Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Bara Kahu, Islamabad
Authors: Jahan Ara Saeed Jahan Ara Saeed
Published: January 2021

Introduction: This is a case of a patient who had a history of grossly increasing abdominal distension for 6 months. The patient had no symptoms except pressure symptoms with a regular menstrual cycle. She initially was investigated as a case of abdominal distension and indigestion. With increasing size, the discomfort was the main symptom. She attended our Gynaecology Outpatient department and was diagnosed as a case of Large Ovarian mass. The first investigation performed was Pelvic ultrasound and Tumour markers and a Risk of malignancy index were calculated. Her Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast showed a large well encapsulated ovarian mass with no ascites and no metastasis. After getting all the investigations and discussion with the patient a Staging Laparotomy with Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, The ureters were stented before laparotomy to avoid damage to the ureters during surgery. She was diagnosed as Stage 1-A at the time of surgery and had an uneventful recovery. Her histopathology report showed a unilateral Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with negative peritoneal wash and omentum histopathology.
Association of Lipid Profile with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease diagnosed on Ultrasound
Authors: Zahoor Ambreen , Iqbal Iram ` , Naseem Sajid , Choudhary Zaidan Idrees
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To evaluate lipid profile parameters in patients with various grades of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosed on sonography. 

Material and Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at HBS General Hospital, Islamabad over a period of six months from January 2018 to June 2018. Seventy-nine adults of either gender diagnosed with NAFLD on ultrasonography were consecutively included. Fasting blood sample of all the subjects was analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) Comparison of lipid abnormalities between different grades of NAFLD was done by statistical analysis with p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: Out of the total 79 patients, grade I, II, and III NAFLD was diagnosed in 56.6%, 45.5%, and 3.9% respectively. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were raised in 28 (35.4%), 43 (54.4%) and 43 (54.4%) patients respectively. Low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were seen in 74 (93.6%) of patients. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in frequency as well as mean values in all serum lipid profile parameters with the severity of NAFLD grades except total cholesterol (TC).

Conclusion: Increasing grades of NAFLD showed a significant correlation with higher levels of cholesterol, LDL, and decreasing levels of HDL, which are all associated with cardiovascular problems.
Comparing efficacy of Rifaximin plus Lactulose vs. Lactulose alone in treating Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Hussain Tanveer , Sattar Misbah , Mustafa Sara , Batool Uzma , Iqbal Shafqat , Hassan Binish
Published: January 2021

Background: Hepatic Encephalopathy is a syndrome observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. Various treatment modalities are in use for treatment of Porto Systemic Encephalopathy (PSE). Our study aimed to compare the efficacy of Rifaximin plus Lactulose vs.Lactulose alone in treating Hepatic Encephalopathy in local population.

Materials & Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital recruiting decompensated chronic liver disease(DCLD) patients with PSE. Using simple random sampling, patients were divided in two groups (A & B). Patients in group A received Lactulose plus Rifaximin while group B received Lactulose alone. Efficacy of treatment was assessed as return of the conscious level to pre-encephalopathy state as per clinical examination within 1 week after  start of the treatment.

Results: A total of 124 patients were included in the study with each group (A & B) containing 62 patients. Frequency and percentage of efficacy among group A (Rifaximin plus Lactulose) verses group B (Lactulose alone) in treating Hepatic encephalopathy was 45 (72.6%) and 32 (51.6%) respectively.

Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a significant difference in proportions of patients showing complete recovery from Hepatic encephalopathy treated with Lactulose plus Rifaximin as compared to Lactulose alone.
A Comparison of QTc Abnormalities in Cirrhotics with Non-Cirrohotic
Authors: Ali M Mujtaba , Quddus M Abdul , Shahzad Arslan , Khan M Fareed , Anwar Sheikh Taqqi , Raja Kapeel
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the frequency of prolonged QTc interval in cirrhotics with non-cirrhotics having chronic liver disease.

Study design: Cohort study

Place and Duration of study: Department of Gastroenterology AK CMH/Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital Rawalakot Azad Kashmir. Six months; (27-03-2019 to 26-09-2019)

Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with liver cirrhosis (group I) and 100 non-cirrhotic patients ((group II) had 12 lead ECG. QT interval was calculated. And the patients were evaluated for presence of prolonged QT interval.  Statistical significant determined by chi-square test (p< 0.05 was taken as significant). 

Results:  The mean QTc duration in Group I was 0.536 + 0.012 seconds and group II was 0.431 + 0.015 seconds (p < 0.05). Prolonged QTc interval was present among 36(36%) patients in Group I and in 6 (6%) patients in Group II. (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Our study findings revealed that cirrhotic patients have more chances of developing the QTc abnormalities as compared to the patients without the presence of cirrhotic liver.