bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molar-scale formate production via enzymatic hydration of industrial off-gases
Authors: Lee Jinhee , Kim Suk Min , Jeon Byoung Wook , Hwang Ho Won , Poloniataki Eleni G. , Kang Jingu , Lee Sanghyung , Ra Ho Won , Na Jonggeol , Na Jeong-Geol , Lee Jinwon , Kim Yong Hwan
Published: May 2024

Decarbonizing the steel industry, a major CO2 emitter, is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality. Escaping the grip of CO combustion methods, a key contributor to CO2 discharge, is a seemingly simple yet formidable challenge on the path to industry-wide net-zero carbon emissions. Here we suggest enzymatic CO hydration (enCOH) inspired by the biological Wood‒Ljungdahl pathway, enabling efficient CO2 fixation. By employing the highly efficient, inhibitor-robust CO dehydrogenase (ChCODH2) and formate dehydrogenase (MeFDH1), we achieved spontaneous enCOH to convert industrial off-gases into formate with 100% selectivity. This process operates seamlessly under mild conditions (room temperature, neutral pH), regardless of the CO/CO2 ratio. Notably, the direct utilization of flue gas without pretreatment yielded various formate salts, including ammonium formate, at concentrations nearing two molar. Operating a 10-liter-scale immobilized enzyme reactor feeding live off-gas at a steel mill resulted in the production of high-purity formate powder after facile purification, thus demonstrating the potential for decarbonizing the steel industry.
Injectable hydrogels activated with copper sulfide nanoparticles for enhancing spatiotemporal sterilization and osteogenesis in periodontal therapy
Authors: Yang Yuting , Xu Chunbin , Xu Shengqian , Li Yan , Chen Ke'er , Yang Tao , Bao Jiaqi , Xu Yajing , Chen Jingyao , Mao Chuanbin , Chen Lili , Sun Weilian
Published: May 2024

Developing biomaterials capable of promoting bone regeneration in bacteria-infected sites is of utmost urgency for periodontal disease therapies.
A water-soluble polyphosphorhydrazone Janus dendrimer built by “click” chemistry as support for Ru-complexes in catalysis
Authors: Cejas-Sánchez Joel , Caminade Anne-Marie , Kajetanowicz Anna , Grela Karol , Sebastián Rosa María
Published: May 2024

Recoverable and reusable Ru-PEG Janus phosphorus dendrimers for isomerization of allyl alcohols in organic and biphasic sustainable media.
Identification of a novel oligopeptide from defatted walnut meal hydrolysate as a potential neuroprotective agent
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhang Zixuan , Xue Nannan , Ma Yunnan , Jiao Jingyi , Wang Cheng , Zhang Keyi , Lin Yixuan , Li Shanlan , Guo Zhuoqian , An Jin , Wang Penglong , Xu Bing , Lei Haimin
Published: May 2024

The novel oligopeptide identified from walnut meal possesses potential neuroprotective effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic.
Future prospects of high-entropy alloys as next-generation industrial electrode materials
Authors: Bolar Saikat , Ito Yoshikazu , Fujita Takeshi
Published: May 2024

High-entropy alloys hold significant promise as electrode materials, even from industrial aspect. This potential arises from their ability to optimize electronic structures and reaction sites, stemming from their complex and adjustable composition.
FARPA-based tube array coupled with quick DNA extraction enables ultra-fast bedside detection of antibiotic-resistant pathogens
Authors: Huang Jinling , Yue Huijie , Wei Wei , Shan Jingwen , Zhu Yue , Feng Liying , Ma Yi , Zou Bingjie , Wu Haiping , Zhou Guohua
Published: May 2024

Ultra-fast bedside-detection of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Visual electrochemiluminescence from an all-solid-state electrochemical cell
Authors: Wang Wenlong , Fang Haiyu , Deng Yufei , Jiang Dechen , Fang Danjun
Published: May 2024

Visual electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission from L012 and hydrogen peroxide is generated from an all-solid-state electrochemical cell with a polyacrylamide hydrogel as the solid electrolyte.
Solid phase extraction technology combined with UPLC-MS/MS: a method for detecting 20 β-lactamase antibiotics traces in goat's milk
Authors: He Xiwen , Li Ming , Yu Qi , Liu Wuyan , Sun Shufang , Li Xiang , Wang Zhaohua , Yan Xiaohuan , Li Songli
Published: May 2024

We develop and validate a method for the rapid determination and identification of 20 β-lactamase antibiotics traces in goat's milk by combining the SPE technology with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Functionalized extracellular nanovesicles as advanced CRISPR delivery systems
Authors: Wang Siqing , Kong Huimin , Zhuo Chenya , Liu Li , Lv Shixian , Cheng Du , Lao Yeh-Hsing , Tao Yu , Li Mingqiang
Published: May 2024

This review highlights the advances of functional extracellular nanovesicles in CRISPR delivery, including their cellular entry pathways, functionalization techniques, and the challenges and strategies pivotal for clinical translation.
Appropriation of group II metals: synthesis and characterisation of the first alkaline earth metal supported transition metal carbonite complexes
Authors: Wolff Siad , Ponsonby Annabelle , Dallmann André , Herwig Christian , Beckmann Fabian , Cula Beatrice , Limberg Christian
Published: May 2024

Complexes where magnesium and calcium ions assist CO2 activation at nickel centres have been accessed and were found to enter into Schlenk-type equilibria.
Theoretical study of transition metal-doped β12 borophene as a new single-atom catalyst for carbon dioxide electroreduction
Authors: Huang Hongjie , Chen Mingyao , Zhang Rongxin , Ding Yuxuan , Huang Hong , Shen Zhangfeng , Jiang Lingchang , Ge Zhigang , Jiang Hongtao , Xu Minhong , Wang Yangang , Cao Yongyong
Published: May 2024

Among the 19 catalysts, Sc@β12-BM and Y@β12-BM were screened and easily reduced to C1 products (CH4 and CH3OH) and C2 products (CH3CH2OH).
Platinum complexes with aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Yang Sheng-Yi , Chen Yingying , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: May 2024

Recent advances in the design of AIE platinum complexes: structural regulation strategies, mechanisms, and applications.
Mining patents with large language models elucidates the chemical function landscape
Authors: Kosonocky Clayton W. , Wilke Claus O. , Marcotte Edward M. , Ellington Andrew D.
Published: May 2024

This study creates a chemical function dataset by using an LLM to extract information from patents. Analyses show the dataset is semantically structured, coheres with structural relationships, and can be used to train structure-to-function models.
Magnetic study and DFT analysis of a doubly carboxylato-bridged Co(ii) derivative anchored with a ‘scorpionate’ precursor as a potential electrocatalyst for heterogeneous H2 evolution
Authors: Das Kuheli , Beyene Belete B. , Massera Chiara , Garribba Eugenio , El Fallah M. S. , Frontera Antonio , Hung Chen-Hsiung , Datta Amitabha
Published: May 2024

A new doubly carboxylato-bridged Co(ii) dinuclear complex, [Co(bdtbpza)(NCS)]2 (1), was obtained in a satisfactory yield by employing a ‘scorpionate’-type precursor, bdtbpza {bis-(3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazol-1-yl)acetate}, and was then structurally characterized.
Synergistic effect of a Berlin green framework for highly efficient moisture-electric energy transformation
Authors: Song Minjae , Kim Daewoong , Lee Hyewon , Han Hyunsoo , Jeon Sangmin
Published: May 2024

We developed a novel moisture-induced power generator by utilizing Berlin green as an active material to enhance its moisture-electric energy transformation performance.
Self-healing materials in biomedicine and the circular economy
Authors: Venkateswaran Meenakshi R. , Khosravi Arezoo , Zarepour Atefeh , Iravani Siavash , Zarrabi Ali
Published: May 2024

This review examines the intersection of self-healing materials, biomedicine, and the circular economy, focusing on the challenges, advantages, and future perspectives associated with their implementation.
Completely solvent-free synthesis of double heterohelicenes and their further ring fusion using mechanochemical reaction
Authors: Sada Honoka , Sakamaki Daisuke , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Hirose Takashi , Fujiwara Hideki
Published: May 2024

We succeeded in completely solvent-free synthesis of double heterohelicenes composed of two heteroacenes and their further conversion to semi- and fully planarized molecules using mechanochemical oxidative C–N coupling reactions.
Synergistic impact of nanoplastics and nanopesticides on Artemia salina and toxicity analysis
Authors: Kamalakannan Mahalakshmi , Rajendran Durgalakshmi , Thomas John , Chandrasekaran Natarajan
Published: May 2024

Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) when adsorbed with co-pollutant (nanopermethrin (NPER)) exacerbate toxicity in Artemia salina.
Perchlorinated vanadyl tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine: spectral, redox and magnetic properties
Authors: Finogenov Daniil N. , Faraonov Maxim A. , Kopylova Alina S. , Ivanov Timur E. , Romanenko Nikita R. , Yakushev Ilya A. , Konarev Dmitri V. , Stuzhin Pavel A.
Published: May 2024

Perchlorinated vanadyl tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine (Cl8TPyzPzVO) was synthesized. Redox and spectral properties of Cl8TPyzPzVO were studied in solution. Crystalline ring-reduced dianionic complex was isolated and characterized.
High activity nitrogen-doped hollow carbon/silicon hollow spheres as encapsulated Pd–Fe nanoreactors for acetylene dialkoxycarbonylation
Authors: Huang Fusheng , Sun Yongkang , Liu Jichang , Dai Bin , Li Jiangbing , Guo Xuhong
Published: May 2024

Hollow spheres were successfully prepared and encapsulated with palladium-iron alloy as catalysts with high selectivity and remarkable durability.
Recent advances in total synthesis of protoberberine and chiral tetrahydroberberine alkaloids
Authors: Niu Zhen-Xi , Wang Ya-Tao , Wang Jun-Feng
Published: May 2024

In this comprehensive review, we categorically summarized the developmental trajectory of the total synthesis of these alkaloids based on the core closure strategies of protoberberine and tetrahydroberberine.
Different-grain-sized boehmite nanoparticles for stable all-solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhao Weiran , Tian Peng , Gao Tingting , Wang Wu , Mu Chenxi , Pang Hongchang , Ye Junwei , Ning Guiling
Published: May 2024

The higher the hydrothermal temperature, the larger the grain size of the synthesized boehmite, and the better the performance of the assembled battery.
Interfacial engineering of Ni–Co–Mn@Ni nanosheet–nanocone arrays as high performance non-noble metal electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation
Authors: Nazemi Mostafa , Darband Ghasem Barati , Davoodi Ali
Published: May 2024

The electrochemical hydrogen production from water splitting is a promising strategy for obtaining renewable energy sources and replacing fossil fuels.
Lattice capacity-dependent activity for CO2 methanation: crafting Ni/CeO2 catalysts with outstanding performance at low temperatures
Authors: Liu Kun , Liao Yixin , Wang Peng , Fang Xiuzhong , Zhu Jia , Liao Guangfu , Xu Xianglan
Published: May 2024

A series of Ca2+-doped CeO2 solid solutions with 10 wt% Ni loading (named Ni/CaxCe1−xOy) was used for effective CO2 methanation.
Ionic crosslinked polypropylene-based thermoplastic elastomers with excellent mechanical properties
Authors: Mao Xiaohui , Wang Fei , Pan Li , Ma Zhe , Li Yuesheng
Published: May 2024

A dynamic ion cross-linked network was designed to provide the polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer with excellent mechanical properties. The breaking strength and breaking elongation of materials can be adjusted by changing the type of counteranions.
Antifungal and antibacterial investigation of quinary Zr Al Fe Co Ni layered double hydroxide and its Al Fe Co Ni quaternary and Fe Co Ni tertiary roots
Authors: Mahmoud Rehab , Eldin Zienab E. , Khalifa Ashraf , Ahmed Anwar Alaa A. , GadelHak Yasser , Othman Sarah I. , Allam Ahmed A. , Essam Doaa , Abo El-Ela Fatma I. , Aleem Abdel Aziz Sahar Abdel , Zaher Amal
Published: May 2024

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are promising 2D nanomaterials being investigated for several engineering and biomedical applications.
Natural tea polyphenol functionalized graphene anode for simultaneous power production and degradation of methyl orange dye in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Guo Deliang , Fu Qikai , Wang Xinru , Li Ling , Xu Xiaolin , An Xiongfang
Published: May 2024

The microbial fuel cell (MFCs) has dual functions, capable of achieving dye decolorization and synchronous power generation.
Detection of monkeypox virus based on a convenient and sensitive single-step RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a strategy
Authors: Yu Tao , Rong Zhen , Gu Zhixia , Wei Hongjuan , Wang Yunxiang , Song Rui , Wang Shengqi , Wang Shumei
Published: May 2024

A convenient and sensitive single-step RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay was developed for point-of-care detection of monkeypox virus in clinical samples.
Rapid flow-based synthesis of post-translationally modified peptides and proteins: a case study on MYC's transactivation domain
Authors: Williams Elyse T. , Schiefelbein Kevin , Schuster Matthias , Ahmed Ikhlas M. M. , De Vries Marije , Beveridge Rebecca , Zerbe Oliver , Hartrampf Nina
Published: May 2024

Automated flow peptide synthesis (AFPS) gives access to peptides and proteins with post-translational modifications (PTMs) and enables investigation of PTM-mediated regulation, and was used to study the PTM-dependence of the MYC:Bin1 interaction.
Site-directed conjugation of single-stranded DNA to affinity proteins: quantifying the importance of conjugation strategy
Authors: Rocha Tapia Andres , Abgottspon Fabrice , Nilvebrant Johan , Nygren Per-Åke , Duclos Ivetich Sarah , Bello Hernandez Andres Javier , Thanasi Ioanna A. , Szijj Peter A. , Sekkat Ghali , Cuenot François M. , Chudasama Vijay , Aceto Nicola , deMello Andrew J. , Richards Daniel A.
Published: May 2024

Site-selective conjugation of ssDNA to affinity proteins grants improved target binding and lower non-specific binding.
Copper-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution of racemic/meso substrates
Authors: Li Jun , Huang Junrong , Wang Yan , Liu Yuexin , Zhu Yuxiang , You Hengzhi , Chen Fen-Er
Published: May 2024

This review focuses on the advancements in Cu-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution using racemic/meso substrates, detailing the ligands used, the scope of nucleophiles, the underlying dynamic processes, and their practical applications.
Effect of the Ca/P ratio of Ni-loaded hydroxyapatite on the catalytic decomposition of biomass tar at low temperatures
Authors: Kannari Naokatsu , Yokota Yusuke , Onoduka Kazuki , Shimizu Anon , Sato Kazuyoshi , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Shunya , Abe Hiroya
Published: May 2024

Ni-loaded catalysts using hydroxyapatite (HAp) supports with various Ca/P ratios are promising biomass tar decomposition catalysts at low gasification temperatures (i.e., 450 °C), and that variations in the Ca/P ratio of the HAp support allow tuning of the Ni dispersion state and catalytic activity.
Low Tg, strongly segregated, ABA triblock copolymers: a rheological and structural study
Authors: Coutouly Clément , Mortensen Kell , van Ruymbeke Evelyne , Fustin Charles-André
Published: May 2024

All-soft ABA triblock copolymers with fluorinated outer blocks preserve the microphase separation up to high temperatures well-above the block Tg, which strongly impacts their flow properties.
The influence of elongation-induced concentration fluctuations on segmental friction in polymer blends
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Patil Shalin , Cheng Shiwang , Do Changwoo
Published: May 2024

Small-angle neutron scattering experiments revealed elongation-induced demixing in polymer blends. Such concentration fluctuations can enhance or reduce the local segmental friction and thereby affect the rheological behavior.
Protection coatings for corrosion control of mild steel using phenolic polymeric deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Lopez de Lacalle Jon , Minudri Daniela , Picchio Matias L. , Gallastegui Antonela , Mantione Daniele , Forsyth Maria , Mecerreyes David
Published: May 2024

Phenolic polymeric deep eutectic solvents form coloured complexes with iron surfaces which can be used as protection coatings for corrosion control of mild steel.
Evaluating the efficiency of single-double atom catalysts in electrochemical NH3 production from NO based on CN monolayers
Authors: Chen Mengshan , Zhu Zhouhao , Chen Jing , Xia Lu , Gan Liyong , Zhou Yingtang
Published: May 2024

The electrochemical NO reduction reaction (NORR) for the synthesis of NH3 from nitric oxide (NO) presents a promising alternative to the conventional Haber process for ammonia production.
Long-term antifouling surfaces for urinary catheters
Authors: Tüfekçi Mustafa , Hamarat Sena , Çalışkan Tuğba Demir , Özgüzar Hatice Ferda , Meydan Ahmet Ersin , Göçmen Julide Sedef , Evren Ebru , Gökçe Mehmet İlker , Goktas Hilal
Published: May 2024

One-step synthesis of PEG-like thin films on urinary catheters with long-term bacterial repellency and biocompatibility.
A dual-color ESIPT-based probe for simultaneous detection of hydrogen sulfide and hydrazine
Authors: Gong Qian , Lai Youbo , Lin Weiying
Published: May 2024

An ESIPT-based dual-color fluorescent probe (BDM-DNP) can detect H2S and N2H4 in environmental and biological systems.
Silk fibroin-based hemostatic powders with instant and robust adhesion performance for sutureless sealing of gastrointestinal defects
Authors: Geng Aizhen , Luo Yuting , Zheng Min , Zheng Jie , Zhu Rui , Bai Shumeng
Published: May 2024

A silk fibroin-based hemostatic powder with instant and robust adhesion performance was developed to achieve sutureless sealing of gastrointestinal defects.
Anti-solvent engineering enables efficient ambient-processed halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Asuo Ivy M. , Mahdavi Varposhti Arezo , Gomez Enrique D. , Doumon Nutifafa Y.
Published: May 2024

Ambient solution-processed halide perovskite thin films are susceptible to oxygen and moisture. Composition and morphology control of the films via anti-solvents treatment, i.e., DCB, EtOH, and CB affect their crystallization and solar cell performance.
Efficient overexpression and purification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Brudenell Emma L. , Pohare Manoj B. , Zafred Domen , Phipps Janine , Hornsby Hailey R. , Darby John F. , Dai Junxiao , Liggett Ellen , Cain Kathleen M. , Barran Perdita E. , de Silva Thushan I. , Sayers Jon R.
Published: May 2024

The fundamental biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid protein (Ncap), its use in diagnostic assays and its potential application as a vaccine component have received considerable attention since the outbreak of the Covid19 pandemic in late 2019. Here we report the scalable expression and purification of soluble, immunologically active, SARS-CoV-2 Ncap in Escherichia coli. Codon-optimised synthetic genes encoding the original Ncap sequence and four common variants with an N-terminal 6His affinity tag (sequence MHHHHHHG) were cloned into an inducible expression vector carrying a regulated bacteriophage T5 synthetic promoter controlled by lac operator binding sites. The constructs were used to express Ncap proteins and protocols developed which allow efficient production of purified Ncap with yields of over 200 mg per litre of culture media. These proteins were deployed in ELISA assays to allow comparison of their responses to human sera. Our results suggest that there was no detectable difference between the 6His-tagged and untagged original Ncap proteins but there may be a slight loss of sensitivity of sera to other Ncap isolates.
How Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implantation Affect Verbal Working Memory: Evidence From Adolescents
Authors: Nittrouer Susan
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Verbal working memory is poorer for children with hearing loss than for peers with normal hearing (NH), even with cochlear implantation and early intervention. Poor verbal working memory can affect academic performance, especially in higher grades, making this deficit a significant problem. This study examined the stability of verbal working memory across middle childhood, tested working memory in adolescents with NH or cochlear implants (CIs), explored whether signal enhancement can improve verbal working memory, and tested two hypotheses proposed to explain the poor verbal working memory of children with hearing loss: (a) Diminished auditory experience directly affects executive functions, including working memory; (b) degraded auditory inputs inhibit children's abilities to recover the phonological structure needed for encoding verbal material into storage.

Design:

Fourteen-year-olds served as subjects: 55 with NH; 52 with CIs. Immediate serial recall tasks were used to assess working memory. Stimuli consisted of nonverbal, spatial stimuli and four kinds of verbal, acoustic stimuli: nonrhyming and rhyming words, and nonrhyming words with two kinds of signal enhancement: audiovisual and indexical. Analyses examined (a) stability of verbal working memory across middle childhood, (b) differences in verbal and nonverbal working memory, (c) effects of signal enhancement on recall, (d) phonological processing abilities, and (e) source of the diminished verbal working memory in adolescents with cochlear implants.

Results:

Verbal working memory remained stable across middle childhood. Adolescents across groups performed similarly for nonverbal stimuli, but those with CIs displayed poorer recall accuracy for verbal stimuli; signal enhancement did not improve recall. Poor phonological sensitivity largely accounted for the group effect.

Conclusions:

The central executive for working memory is not affected by hearing loss or cochlear implantation. Instead, the phonological deficit faced by adolescents with CIs denigrates the representation in storage and augmenting the signal does not help.
Leveraging ontochains for distributed public transit ticketing: An investigation with the system for ticketing ubiquity with blockchains
Authors: Preece Joseph D. , Morris Christopher R. , Easton John M.
Published: May 2024

Transport ticketing systems are crucial for enabling seamless, efficient, and sustainable mobility. However, traditional ticketing systems face limitations such as ticket fraud, lack of interoperability, and the inability to adapt to changes in the dynamic transport networks they issue tickets for. This paper presents new approaches to the system for ticketing ubiquity with blockchains (STUB), a novel smart transport ticketing solution that employs ontochains, a hybrid data structure combining blockchains and ontologies to form a type of distributed knowledge graph. STUB aims to address these limitations by providing a secure, transparent, and flexible platform for ticket issuance, validation, and management. We describe the key components and workflow of the STUB system, highlighting the use of transport network ontologies for modelling complex relationships within transportation systems and blockchain technologies for transport network ontology's state. Additionally, the implementation of Merkle proofs for efficient and secure validation between on‐chain and off‐chain ontological data is discussed. Finally, a simulated toy example is used as a lightweight proof‐of‐concept to demonstrate these capabilities. The proposed STUB system has the potential to significantly impact the future of transportation ticketing by offering a more seamless, interoperable, and user‐friendly experience whilst addressing the challenges associated with traditional ticketing systems.
Blockchain end user adoption and societal challenges: Exploring privacy, rights, and security dimensions
Authors: Virani Salman Saleem
Published: May 2024

The focus of this review article is on the societal problems and end user acceptance of blockchain technology. The paper begins by outlining the importance of blockchain in modernizing trust and data management systems and highlighting its rapid spread across numerous industries. In‐depth analysis of the adoption‐influencing aspects is done, which also lists the advantages and typical end‐user problems. It examines the privacy implications, restrictions on pseudonymity, and function of technologies that improve privacy, such as zero‐knowledge proofs, while also exploring the legal and regulatory environment around blockchain, putting a focus on digital identity, intellectual property, and data ownership. It also evaluates blockchain security features, such as flaws and risks associated with smart contracts, discusses best practices for boosting security, discusses the societal effects of blockchain, and makes suggestions for legislators, companies, and scholars. The use of blockchain technology and its effects on privacy, rights, and security are discussed in real‐world case studies as well.
A 4‐GHz actively driven ultra‐low phase noise mode‐locked fibre laser
Authors: Yentur Abdulkadir , Keskin Mehmet Ziya , Ozdur Ibrahim
Published: May 2024

This work demonstrates an actively driven ultra‐low phase noise mode‐locked laser built with all polarization‐maintaining components. The output of the laser is an optical pulse train at 4‐GHz repetition rate and 1.63‐ps pulse width. The absolute phase noise and timing jitter of the photo detected signal is measured and found to be –140 dBc/Hz at 10‐kHz offset frequency and 10.21 fs (integrated from 100 Hz to 10 MHz).
Named entity recognition model based on Multi‐BiLSTM and competition mechanism
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zeng Haoyang , Zhang Wei , Liu Jiacheng
Published: May 2024

A named entity recognition (NER) model based on multiple bidirectional long short‐term memory networks (Multi‐BiLSTM) and competition mechanism (CM) is proposed. This model includes three parts: word vectorization module, learning module and application module. In the word vectorization module, the word vectors containing semantic features are generated based on BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers). In the learning module, the multiple small‐scale BiLSTM are used to extract the contextual features of the word vectors synchronously. In the application module, the competition mechanism is adopted to select the relatively better models obtained in the learning module for recognizing entities. The results show the proposed model can reduce the parameters in the learning process, and the NER performance of the proposed model is better than that of the BERT‐BiLSTM‐CRF model. For example, the F1 can be increased by 1.02% and 0.39% for CoNLL2003 and Chinese resume datasets respectively.
Digital implementation method and research on thermal life loss of power transformers
Authors: Dongxue Li , Yan Liu , Jialin Jiang , Yongteng Jing , Zhonghua Lv , Guolong Chen , Ran Liu
Published: May 2024

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to accelerate the construction of digital China, and actively develop equipment intelligence, digitalization, and high‐end equipment manufacturing. With the construction of a new round of digital China, the safety of digital technology and high‐end equipment is particularly important for power grid. Transformer is an important link of power grid operation. The destructive thermal failure of transformer has become a hot research issue in the power industry. At the same time, there are more and more power electronic equipment in the power grid, which makes the regulation and control more and more complicated. Taking a 1000 kVA oil‐immersed transformer as an example, the magnetic, current, and thermal multi field coupling numerical analysis method is first used to simulate and analyse the operation status of the transformer. By comparing the simulation results with the monitoring data results, the error of the results is controlled within 5%. Finally, the multi‐state characteristic parameters of the transformer are monitored through sensors, and the numerical simulation analysis results are integrated with the state monitoring results to build a transformer thermal life loss assessment system. The method in this paper can evaluate and analyse the running state of transformer in real time, which is of great significance for the power company to formulate the treatment measures.
A metaheuristic algorithm for regulating virtual inertia of a standalone microgrid incorporating electric vehicles
Authors: Mishra Debayani , Maharana Manoj Kumar , Kar Manoj Kumar , Nayak Anurekha , Islam Md. Minarul , Ustun Taha Selim
Published: May 2024

Modern electrical networks, particularly microgrids, have seen a sharp rise in acquiring non‐conventional sources. The inertia of the microgrid decreases drastically because RESs have been used in place of traditional synchronous generators. The reduced inertia negatively impacts the dynamics and performance of the microgrid with RESs, which decreases the microgrid's stability, especially in operation on an island. The primary purpose of this research study is to enhance the dynamic security of an island microgrid by merging an electric vehicle with a frequency control technique based on virtual inertia control. A Proportional Integral Derivative Filter Constant (PIDFN) controller optimally created using the Modified Differential Evolution (MDE) method served as the foundation for control in the virtual inertia control loop. The effectiveness of the MDE‐based PIDFN controller was examined considering the diverse operational scenarios are compared and contrasted with those of traditional methods Differential Evolution (DE) and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO)‐based PIDFN controllers. Real‐time wind and solar power statistics and random load fluctuations were incorporated to provide realistic simulation settings. The outcomes demonstrate that the MDE‐based PIDFN controller performs better in reference frequency tracking and reducing frequency disturbances than the other optimization strategies.
Topology of Pulsar Profiles (ToPP)
Authors: Vohl D. , van Leeuwen J. , Maan Y.
Published: May 2024

Some of the most important information on a radio pulsar is derived from its average pulse profile. Many early pulsar studies were necessarily based on only a few such profiles. In these studies, discrete profile components were linked to emission mechanism models for individual stars through human interpretation. For the population as a whole, profile morphology must reflect the geometry and overall evolution of the radio emitting regions. The problem, however, is that this population is becoming too large for individual intensive studies of each source. Moreover, connecting profiles from a large collection of pulsars rapidly becomes cumbersome. In this article, we present ToPP, the first-ever unsupervised method to sort pulsars by profile-shape similarity using graph topology. We applied ToPP to the publicly available European Pulsar Network profile database, providing the first organised visual overview of multi-frequency profiles representing 90 individual pulsars. We found discrete evolutionary tracks varying from simple single-component profiles at all frequencies towards diverse mixtures of more complex profiles with frequency evolution. The profile evolution is continuous, extending out to millisecond pulsars, and does not fall into sharp classes. We interpret the profiles as being a mixture of pulsar core-cone emission type, spin-down energetics, and the line-of-sight impact angle towards the magnetic axis. We show how ToPP can systematically classify sources into the Rankin empirical profile scheme. ToPP comprises one of the key unsupervised methods that will be essential to exploring upcoming pulsar census data, such as the data expected from the Square Kilometer Array.
The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey
Authors: Clerc N. , Comparat J. , Seppi R. , Artis E. , Bahar Y. E. , Balzer F. , Bulbul E. , Dauser T. , Garrel C. , Ghirardini V. , Grandis S. , Kirsch C. , Kluge M. , Liu A. , Pacaud F. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Reiprich T. H. , Sanders J. , Wilms J. , Zhang X.
Published: May 2024

Aims. Characterising galaxy cluster populations from a catalogue of sources selected in astronomical surveys requires knowledge of sample incompleteness, known as the selection function. The first All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) by eROSITA on board Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) has enabled the collection of large samples of galaxy clusters detected in the soft X-ray band over the western Galactic hemisphere. The driving goal consists in constraining cosmological parameters, which puts stringent requirements on the accuracy and flexibility of explainable selection function models.

Methods. We used a large set of mock observations of the eRASS1 survey and we processed simulated data identically to the real eRASS1 events. We matched detected sources to simulated clusters and we associated detections to intrinsic cluster properties. We trained a series of models to build selection functions depending only on observable surface brightness data. We developed a second series of models relying on global cluster characteristics such as X-ray luminosity, flux, and the expected instrumental count rate as well as on morphological properties. We validated our models using our simulations and we ranked them according to selected performance metrics. We validated the models with datasets of clusters detected in X-rays and via the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect. We present the complete Bayesian population modelling framework developed for this purpose.

Results. Our results reveal the surface brightness characteristics most relevant to cluster selection in the eRASS1 sample, in particular the ambiguous role of central surface brightness at the scale of the instrument resolution. We have produced a series of user-friendly selection function models and demonstrated their validity and their limitations. Our selection function for bright sources reproduces the catalogue matches with external datasets well. We discuss potential inconsistencies in the selection models at a low signal-to-noise revealed by comparison with a deep X-ray sample acquired by eROSITA during its performance verification phase.

Conclusions. Detailed modelling of the eRASS1 galaxy cluster selection function is made possible by reformulating selection into a classification problem. Our models are used in the first eRASS1 cosmological analysis and in sample studies of eRASS1 cluster and groups. These models are crucial for science with eROSITA cluster samples and our new methods pave the way for further investigation of faint cluster selection effects.
Galaxies’ properties in the Fundamental Plane across time
Authors: D’Onofrio M. , Chiosi C.
Published: May 2024

Context. Using the Illustris-1 and IllustrisTNG-100 simulations, we investigate the properties of the Fundamental Plane (FP), which is the correlation between the effective radius Re, the effective surface intensity Ie, and the central stellar velocity dispersion σ of galaxies, at different cosmic epochs.

Aims. Our aim is to study the properties of galaxies in the FP and its projections across time, adopting samples covering different intervals of mass. We would like to demonstrate that the position of a galaxy in the FP space strongly depends on its degree of evolution, which might be represented by the β and $ L^\prime_0 $
parameters entering the L = $ L^\prime_0 $
(t)σβ(t) law.

Methods. Starting from the comparison of the basic relations among the structural parameters of artificial and real galaxies at low redshift, we obtain the fit of the FP and its coefficients at different cosmic epochs for samples of different mass limits. Then, we analyze the dependence of the galaxy position in the FP space as a function of the β parameter and the star formation rate (SFR).

Results. We find that: (1) the coefficients of the FP change with the mass range of the galaxy sample; (2) the low luminous and less massive galaxies do not share the same FP of the bright massive galaxies; (3) the scatter around the fitted FP is quite small at any epoch and increases when the mass interval increases; (4) the distribution of galaxies in the FP space strongly depends on the β values (i.e., on the degree of virialization and the star formation rate).

Conclusions. The FP is a complex surface that is well approximated by a plane only when galaxies share similar masses and condition of virialization.
A study of two young multipolar planetary nebulae: Hen 2-73 and Hen 2-96
Authors: Wen Shibo , Wang Yong-Zhi , Hsia Chih-Hao , Yeh Sangchun , Liu Jian-Zhong , Liu Heng-Xi , Kang Xiao-Xi
Published: May 2024

We perform an infrared (IR) spectral and visible morphological study of two young planetary nebulae (YPNe) Hen 2-73 and Hen 2-96 using archival Spitzer Space Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations to understand their dust properties and nebular structures. High-resolution HST images of these nebulae show several bipolar lobes and ionised tori in the central regions of both objects. The presence of these multi-lobe structures suggests that the formation process of these nebulae is complex. To search for a possible link between the central sources and multipolar appearances of these objects, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observations are used to examine whether their central stars (CSs) exhibit periodic photometric variations. In the TESS observations, the CS light curve of Hen 2-96 shows a photometric variation with a period of 2.23 h. The IR spectra of these two YPNe suggest that the nebulae have mixed dust environments, which are associated with the presence of dense tori created by central binary interactions in these objects. Two three-dimensional models are constructed to study the complex nebular structures of the YPNe. These simulations suggest that the number of multipolar YPNe may be larger than observed. In addition, we analyse the spectral energy distributions of these nebulae to study their gas, dust, and photospheric components.
Galaxy clusters in Milgromian dynamics: Missing matter, hydrostatic bias, and the external field effect
Authors: Kelleher R. , Lelli F.
Published: May 2024

We study the mass distribution of galaxy clusters in Milgromian dynamics, or modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). We focus on five galaxy clusters from the X-COP sample, for which high-quality data are available on both the baryonic mass distribution (gas and stars) and internal dynamics (from the hydrostatic equilibrium of hot gas and the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect). We confirm that galaxy clusters require additional ‘missing matter’ in MOND, although the required amount is drastically reduced with respect to the non-baryonic dark matter in the context of Newtonian dynamics. We studied the spatial distribution of the missing matter by fitting the acceleration profiles of the clusters with a Bayesian method, finding that a physical density profile with an inner core and an outerr−4decline (giving a finite total mass) provide good fits within ∼1 Mpc. At larger radii, the fit results are less satisfactory but the combination of the MOND external field effect and hydrostatic bias (quantified as 10%–40%) can play a key role. The missing mass must be more centrally concentrated than the intracluster medium (ICM). For relaxed clusters (A1795, A2029, A2142), the ratio of missing-to-visible mass is around 1 − 5 atR ≃ 200 − 300 kpc and decreases to 0.4 − 1.1 atR ≃ 2 − 3 Mpc, showing that the total amount of missing mass is smaller than or comparable to the ICM mass. For clusters with known merger signatures (A644 and A2319), this global ratio increases up to ∼5 but may indicate out-of-equilibrium dynamics rather than actual missing mass. We discuss various possibilities regarding the nature of the extra mass, in particular ‘missing baryons’ in the form of pressure-confined cold gas clouds with masses of < 105 M⊙and sizes of < 50 pc.
Energy and economic simulation of a renewable energy community applied to a new generation ultra-low temperature district heating and cooling network
Authors: Romagnosi Michela , Aprile Marcello , Dénaré Alice
Published: May 2024

The work describes the energy and economic simulation of a renewable energy community with a social purpose applied to a residential and commercial new district in Milan, the eight buildings of which are connected to a new generation low temperature district heating and cooling network. The system is designed considering two substations for each building, each one providing heating and cooling load profiles by means of heat pumps, and an energy centre that exploits groundwater to extract and dissipate compensating heat at low temperature. Some roof mounted photovoltaic panels, owned by the district residents, cover the electricity needs resulting from the net metering of the renewable energy community. The members of the energy communities are in fact the multifamily buildings of the district acting as prosumers and some fragile families from the surroundings as simple consumers. The economic profits, represented by the subsidies coming from the diffuse self-consumed shared energy and from sold overproduced electricity, are distributed among the members to guarantee, first of all, an economic help against energy poverty to fragile families, and, secondly, a short pay-back-time for photovoltaics. Therefore, the operational strategy of the district network is optimized to maximize the shared electricity and the relative economic benefit by shifting, when possible, the electricity demand when the solar production is available. Finally, three different profit distribution mechanisms are analysed. The added value of this work is the evaluation, by means of a specific case study analysis, of the feasibility of an electric energy community from an economic as well as a regulatory point of view under current legislation.
Has Microsoft® Left Behind Risk Modeling in Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery?
Authors: Poullis Mike
Published: May 2024

This concept paper examines a number of key areas central to quality and risk assessment in cardiac surgery. The effect of surgeon and institutional factors with regard to outcomes in cardiac surgery is utilized to demonstrate the need to sub analyze cardiac surgeons performance in a more sophisticated manner than just operation type and patient risk factors, as in current risk models. By utilizing the mathematical/engineering concept of Fourier analysis in the breakdown of cardiac surgical results the effects of each of the core components that makes up the care package of a patient’s experiences are examined. The core components examined include: institutional, regional, patient, and surgeon effects. The limitations of current additive (Parsonnet, Euroscore) and logistic (Euroscore, Southern Thoracic Society) regression risk analysis techniques are discussed. The inadequacy of current modeling techniques is demonstrated via the use of known medical formula for calculating flow in the internal mammary artery and the calculation of blood pressure. By examining the fundamental limitations of current risk analysis techniques a new technique is proposed that embraces modern software computer technology via the use of structured query language.
Troubleshooting Adult ECMO
Authors: Sidebotham David
Published: May 2024

The following scenarios explore some of the common problems encountered during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in adults. In each scenario, the circuit is comprised of a centrifugal pump and a polymethylpentene oxygenator.
To Do or Not to Do?—How People Make Decisions
Authors: Merry Alan F.
Published: May 2024

Outcomes in healthcare depend a great deal on the quality of decisions made by the people who care for patients. In the early days of cardiac surgery decisions were often made on the basis of authority by surgeons with broadly based knowledge and skill, developed through extensive training and very long hours of work. The philosophy of the “captain of the ship” prevailed. The advent of much greater specialization and the emergence of evidence based medicine have led to a shift to a model of decision making in which expertise trumps authority. There has also been a reduction in the length of hours worked by many doctors, and greater emphasis on involving patients in decisions about their own healthcare. The framework for understanding human error has been refined on the basis of empirical and theoretical considerations, and much importance is now placed on the way in which the system as a whole is designed. Unfortunately the complexity of healthcare today is such that some of its properties are best explained through analogies to chaos theory. Furthermore, empirical work suggests that human beings are clearly strong at recognizing patterns, and are less adroit at analyzing complex and unfamiliar situations from first principles in a short time. It follows that the very extensive experience of some of the older practitioners may have been more valuable in decision making than many of the very reasonable and logical advances that have influenced modern practice.
Complexity results onk-independence in some graph products
Authors: Cappelle Marcia , Coelho Erika , Mortosa Otavio , Nascimento Julliano
Published: May 2024

For a positive integerk, a subsetSof vertices of a graphGisk-independent if each vertex inShas at mostk− 1 neighbors inS. We considerk-independent sets in two graph products: Cartesian and complementary prism. We show that the problem of determiningk-independence remains NP-complete even for Cartesian products and complementary prisms. Furthermore, we present results onk-independence in the Cartesian product of two paths, known as grid graphs.
Efficacy of Three-Dimensional Printing in the Management of Frontal Bone Trauma
Authors: Kassem Mohamed , Hagras Mahmoud Abd , Elsheikh Mohamed Nasser , Erfan Fathhe Ali , Amer Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Objectives Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma surgery is difficult because of its unique architecture and vast range of injuries in the head and neck area. This study sought to determine the potential of employing preoperative three-dimensional (3D)-printed models to improve frontal fracture healing outcomes.

Methods This prospective cohort clinical trial involved 20 patients who were surgically fitted and had a frontal bone fracture, as evidenced by computed tomography. The patients were separated into two groups: Group A: patients with frontal bone trauma reduced using 3D printing; and Group B: patients with frontal bone trauma reduced without 3D printing.

Results Compared to Group B, Group A had a considerably shorter operational time (p < 0.001). The esthetic results, complications, and functional outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups. All patients in Groups A and B underwent accurate radiographic evaluations (correct placement of the titanium mesh).

Conclusion 3D printing in preoperative planning improves frontal fracture repair with respect to operative length but does not reduce intraoperative blood loss or improve postoperative function compared with normal management.