bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICY ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS
Authors: Serpeninova Yu. , Kobyletska L. , Horodetska M.
Published: May 2021

Accounting policy is an internal document that contains data to ensure effective accounting, preparation and presentation of financial information, which is developed to combine with management decisions.
The use of accounting policies should be consistently for similar transactions, other events or conditions. An entity has the right to change accounting policies only with the documentation of changes and their foundation. Cases in which it is possible to change the use to the accounting policies can be voluntary and mandatory.
Accountants should use the theoretical and methodological aspects set out in UAS 6 “Error Correction and Changes in Financial Statements” and IAS 8 “Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors” to reflect properly changes in the accounting policies. Due to detailed analysis of these standards, IAS 8 was found to consist all needed methodology of accounting policy changes.
The international standard gives variable instructions on: financial statements data change due to the event of factors that exist on this balance sheet; information to be covered in the notes (disclosure) to financial statements; accounting estimate changes, etc.
International and national standards disclose changes and amendments to the accounting policies. This fact is very important for the users of the accounting policies and financial statements, as the amendment does not provide any financial statements data change.
The company should clearly understand the difference between changes in the accounting policies and accounting estimates, know due to what circumstances retrospective application of changes in the accounting policies is impossible and how reflect them properly in a prospective way. To ease understanding of the described processes an algorithm for using changes in accounting policies according to international and national standards was developed. This will improve the quality of information presented in the financial statements of the company and as a result of using these data top management will make effective decisions.
APPOACHES TO MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Zolkover A. , Bozhenko V.
Published: May 2021

The rapid development of globalization and convergence processes in the financial sphere, strengthening cooperation between countries in foreign economic activity, digital transformation of economic relations, free movement of labor and liberalization of state regulation inevitably affect the state of macroeconomic stability in the country. Macroeconomic stability is the basis for sustainable economic growth, so its support is one of the most important tasks not only of the central bank, but also of other government regulators and supervisors. To monitor the current state of economic development of the country and identify structural imbalances in the real and financial sectors of the economy, the development of an aggerated indicator becomes objectively necessary. The purpose of this study is to systematize the existing methodological approaches to assessing macroeconomic stability in the country. Methods of induction, analysis, synthesis, comparison were used within the research. The article analyzes the index of macroeconomic stability of individual developed countries and the developing world, calculated by experts from the reinsurance company Swiss Re and the London School of Economics. Analysis of existing methods for assessing macroeconomic stability and its derivatives has identified several approaches: probabilistic (determining the probability of adverse events and phenomena that impair macroeconomic stability), signal (analysis of the market environment based on key indicators and their compliance with threshold values). determination of the deterministic relationship between the selected variables). The obtained results will be of practical value for public authorities and international organizations for the current analysis and adoption of a set of preventive measures to combat crises in the economy. Priority areas for further research are the development of its own methodology for assessing the level of macroeconomic stability of the country, taking into account the presence of transmission effects between participants in the financial and real sectors of the economy.
THE ROLE OF STATE REGULATION IN THE FORMATION BUSINESS PROCESSES OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Pavlenko О. , Lavryk Y. , Kaliuzhna Y.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes the interactions between government regulation and the formation of business processes of the enterprise in the context of sustainable development. Sustainable development is one of the biggest problems in the modern world. The article considers the system of regulation of sustainable development, interaction at different levels of government in the context of sustainable development. It is determined that an important component is the institutional changes, the use of appropriate methods and tools of state influence, aimed at developing the entire system of state regulation of sustainable development. Particular importance is attached to the study of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in organizations. The need for effective functioning of the state mechanism is revealed. Statistical indicators of Ukraine's development are presented. The influence of the concept of sustainable development on the business processes of the enterprise is investigated. It is proved that the implementation of the concept of sustainable development effectively affects the business processes of the enterprise.The results of the study of the structure of the mechanism of state regulation of sustainable development showed that it is based on the target, regulatory, organizational, economic and information components, which is carried out using an internal system of levers, methods and rules. The effective functioning of the state mechanism, the regulation of which is quite diverse, plays an extremely important role for enterprises and organizations that adhere to the principles of sustainable development in the system of business process formation. The article also analyzes statistical indicators such as profitability of operating activities of enterprises, GDP per capita, population, capital investment in environmental protection, current expenditures on environmental protection, emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from stationary sources of pollution. In particular, the presence of coincidence of the dynamics of changes in these indicators was determined. This is the basis for determining the relationships and conducting more detailed research between business processes, government regulation and sustainable development.
Influence of cord blood serum and actovegin on the reproductive function of cows in the comparative aspect
Authors: Bondarenko Irina , Lazorenko Andrey , Shkromada Oksana
Published: May 2021

The results of the study of the effect of cord blood serum and “Actovegin” (Takeda, Ukraine) on the reproductive function of cows in a comparative aspect are presented.

The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of cord blood serum and Actovegin on the reproductive function of uterine cows in a comparative aspect.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2017-2020 in four dairy farms of Sumy region with tethered and untied maintenance. In 128 cows of different breeds and productivity, the timing of sexual cycling was studied and analyzed in comparison with the spontaneous sexual cycle with the use of cord blood serum and the drug "Actovegin" (Takeda, Ukraine).

Results. It was found that in cows with tethered content, the number of days from the introduction of 15 ml of cord blood serum to the manifestation of the excitation stage was significantly less compared to the spontaneous manifestation of sexual desire (5.63±0.36 and 14.38±2.1, respectively).

When cows with loose content were administered 10 ml of cord blood serum in combination with the drug "Actovegin", the number of days before the manifestation of sexual cycling was lower by 18.3 % compared with the rate of spontaneous sexual desire (4.31±0.38 and 18.25±1.89, respectively).

Conclusions. As a result of using 10 ml of cord blood serum in combination with the drug "Actovegin", in cows of different productivity and under different housing conditions, the number of days before the onset of the stage of arousal is significantly reduced compared to the spontaneous manifestation of sexual desire.

Cows of different productivity and with different housing conditions come to the sexual desire significantly faster with the use of 15 ml of cord blood serum compared to the spontaneous manifestation of sexual desire.
Histotopographic and morphometric characteristics of the oral mucosa postoperative wounds healing, depending on the method of connecting the wound edges
Authors: Pavlenko Oleksiy , Boiko Mikola , Savitskaya Irina , Geylenko Olga
Published: May 2021

Implementation of high-quality tissue connections and hemostasis in oral surgery is an urgent problem of modern dentistry, due to the lack of available universal methods that would help to facilitate the work of oral surgeon and reduce wound healing time.

The aim of the research. To investigate and study the regeneration processes in the oral mucosa after high-frequency electric welding, suturing and medical adhesive composition.

Materials and methods. This study compared the effect of three connection methods and hemostasis: high-frequency electric welding (EKVZ-300M1 “PATONMED®”, Ukraine), suture method (nylon 5/0 “PIRUS®”, China), adhesive composition (“Histoacryl®”, Germany). 72 rabbits were involved in experiment. An incision of the soft tissues of the vestibulum of the oral cavity of the maxilla with a length of 1.3–1.5 cm was made. On days 3, 7, 14 and 21, tissue samples were excised, histological and morphometric examination of the material were performed.

Results. By statistical data processing of 72 rabbits was found that the reliability of differences in the levels of morphometric parameters between groups on each day is very high, as evidenced by the calculated values ​​of the U-test. In 38 cases (90.5 %), the significance level was p≤0.01, in the other 4 cases – p≤0.05. The lowest value level of neutrophilic granulocytes was in rabbits of group No.1 (electric welding). In rabbits of group No. 1 GFBC were not observed in the 8 fields of view throughout the experiment.

Conclusions. High-frequency electric welding of soft tissues can be used for effective intraoperative hemostasis and connection of the intraoral wound edges.

Due to the absence of a foreign body (adhesive masses, filaments) and moderate alterative effect, histological examination indicates accelerated activation of regenerative processes in the early stages of observation in rabbits of group No. 1.
Combined prevention of fetal growth restriction based on determination of diagnostic markers
Authors: Golyanovskyi Vladimir
Published: May 2021

Due to the morbidity of mothers and newborns caused by fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preeclampsia, preventive measures should be taken, especially in women at high risk of developing these conditions. Many studies have been conducted on the prevention of FGR and preeclampsia in high-risk women, especially anticoagulants, aspirin, paravastatin, nitric oxide, microelements (L-arginine, folic acid, vitamins E and C, phytonutrients, vitamin D) and calcium.

The aim is to improve perinatal consequences by preventing FGR in high-risk women.

Materials and methods: A prospective study of 137 pregnant women in the period of 110–136 weeks was conducted at the Perinatal Center in Kyiv. Pregnant women were divided into 3 groups. The main group included 47 women at high risk of FGR who received therapy (low doses of aspirin, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and vitamin and micro elements drugs). The comparison group included 45 women who had a high risk of FGR but did not receive treatment. The control group consisted of 45 women who were not at risk of FGR. The frequency of FGR and placental dysfunction were analyzed as well as a fetal distress was analyzed ante- and intranatally.

Results: Therapy with low doses of aspirin, LMWH and a complex preparation of vitamins and micro elements improves the course of pregnancy and gestational complications. In the main group FGR was detected in 8.5 %, in the comparison group – in 17.8 %, in the control group – 4.4 %. Placental dysfunction was detected in 13.3 % in the control group, and only 6.4 % in the main group that was close to the control group – 2.2 %. Similar tendencies were found for fetal distress ante- and intranatally.

Conclusions: The proposed prophylactic measures can improve maternal outcomes by reducing the level of gestational complications in pregnant women with biochemical signs of risk of FGR development. In addition, these preventive measures can reduce the frequency of children births with growth restriction, which significantly reduces early neonatal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Experimental research of cerebroprotective activity of the new 4-aminobutatanoic acid derivative
Authors: Mishchenko Oksana , Palagina Natalia
Published: May 2021

The aim. To study the cerebroprotective activity of a new derivative of 4-aminobutanoic acid the compound KGM-5 on the effect on survival and behavioural responses, cognitive impairment and neurological deficits in rats with acute cerebrovascular accident. Materials and methods. Acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) was simulated in rats by irreversible unilateral carotid occlusion (UCO) under anesthesia with sodium thiopental (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, IP). Five groups of animals were used: intact control (IC, n=6), a group of animals with ACVA, which were not treated (control pathology, CP, n=13); group of animals with ACVA, which were treated for 5 days after surgery (first injection 30 min before surgery) with the compound KGM-5 (ACVA+KGM-5, n=14) at a conditionally effective dose of 30 mg/kg body weight of animals, a group of animals with ACVA (ACVA+CD “Picamilon”, n=13), who received IP for 5 days, the comparison drug (CD) “Picamilon” at a dose of 17 mg/kg and pseudo-operated animals (POA), n=8), which were operated without ligation of the carotid artery, which allows to level the effect of anesthesia and surgery on the studied indicators. The cerebroprotective effect of the studied agents was assessed by an integral criterion – survival of animals (throughout the experiment), indicators of neurological deficit (24, 48, 72, 94 hours after ACVA modelling), the state of cognitive functions in the test of extrapolation escape test (EET) (72 hours after ACVA modelling) Results. The KGM-5 compound contributed to a significant reduction in the severity of neurological deficit, as evidenced by significant differences in this indicator compared with CP, respectively, the first (0.5 points vs. 1.25 points, p<0.05), the third (0.0 points against 1.0 point, p<0.05) and the fourth day (0.0 points vs. 0.5 points, p<0.05) after OCO. Under the influence of CD “Picamilon” reduction of neurological deficit compared with CP was observed on the first, third and fourth days, but these differences were insignificant (p>0.05). Both studied agents - the compound KGM-5 and CD “Picamilon” contributed to the improvement of cognitive functions of rats with ACVA, as evidenced by a significant reduction (p<0.05) of the latent period of diving in the EET, respectively, 1.8 and 1.7 times compared with CP and did not show a significant effect on animal survival. Conclusion. The cerebroprotective activity of a new 4-aminobutanoic acid derivative in the conditions of acute cerebrovascular accident in rats was established in terms of the ability to reduce the severity of neurological deficits and improve cognitive functions in the extrapolation escape test. The severity of cerebroprotective activity of the new compound is not inferior to GABA-ergic drug “Picamilon”.
Variations in pretransfusion practices
Authors: Padget B.J. , Hannon J.L.
Published: May 2021

A variety of pretransfusion tests have been developed to improve the safety and effectiveness of transfusion. Recently, a number of traditional tests have been shown to offer limited clinical benefit and have been eliminated in many facilities. A survey of pretransfusion test practices was distributed to 116 hospital transfusion services. Routine test practices and facility size were analyzed. Ninety-one responses were received. Many smaller laboratories include tests such as anti-A,B, an autocontrol, and DAT, and immediate spin and 37°C microscopic readings. Nine percent never perform an Rh control with anti-D typing on patient samples. Various antibody screening and crossmatch methods are utilized. Individual laboratory test practices should be periodically assessed to ensure that they comply with standards, represent the recognized best practice, and are cost-effective. The survey responses indicate that many laboratories perform tests that are not necessary or cost-effective. These facilities should review their processes to determine which tests contribute to transfusion safety. Smaller facilities may be reluctant to change or lack the expertise necessary for this decision making and often continue to perform tests that have been eliminated in larger facilities. Consultation with larger hospital transfusion services may provide guidance for this change.
Immunohematology 2003;19:1–6.
Comparative testing for weak expression of D antigen: manual tube testing vs. a semiautomated IgG gel system
Authors: Martinez B. , Crews E. , Dowd A. , Mcmahan M.
Published: May 2021

Donor RBCs nonreactive in initial tests for D must be tested further for evidence of weak expression of D antigen. Performing this test in test tubes is labor intensive and prone to inconsistencies in readings (relative strength of agglutination) and interpretation (positive versus negative). These inconsistencies can lead to repeat testing, additional documentation, and delay in releasing units. We evaluated use of the Tecan MEGAFlex-ID™ pipettor to perform this test in anti-IgG gel cards. Results with this semi-automated gel test were compared with results obtained with 37 D– and 99 weak D samples, as determined by previous testing with a manual IAT tube test. Hands-on time was determined for both methods and both methods were evaluated for inconsistency, or nonagreement, between the interpretation of the current weak D test and the results on record for any prior donations. There were no discordant results obtained, with the majority of weak D samples giving stronger reactions with the gel test. The semiautomated gel test required less hands-on time, with an average savings of more than 70 seconds per test. There were no inconsistencies with the gel method, whereas manual tube testing was found to have an inconsistency rate of 0.035 percent of total samples tested. Semiautomated IgG gel is now used for all weak D testing, with a labor savings of more than 10 hours per week. Thus far, more than 70,000 donors have been tested, with no inconsistencies reported.
Immunohematology 2003;19:7–9.
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA-2b (anti-Koa)
Authors: Goldman M. , Trudel E. , Richard L. , Khalife S. , Spurll G.M.
Published: May 2021

Most severe cases of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) are due to anti-HPA-la (anti-PlA1) antibodies. We report a case of NAIT due to anti-HPA-2b that resulted in in utero intracranial hemorrhage. A 33-year-old G2P1A0 Caucasian woman had a routine ultrasound at 34 weeks. The fetus appeared to have a left hemispheric hematoma. ΓVIG, lg/kg, was started immediately and administered weekly until delivery. One day after receiving the first dose of ΓVIG, fetal platelet count was 18 × 109/L, and Hb was 116 g/L. Eleven mL of matched platelets compatible by monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) assay were transfused in utero, raising the platelet count to 62 × 109/L. Repeat transfusions were done later that week and 1 week later, with pretransfusion counts of 19 × 109/L and 16 × 109/L, respectively. Delivery by C section was done at 35.5 weeks, after the third platelet transfusion. Platelet count at birth was 77 × 109/L. Drainage of the hematoma was performed after transfusion. Testing with a solid phase ELISA revealed reactivity against GPlb/IX. MAIPA testing after platelet treatment with the protease inhibitor leupeptin demonstrated the presence of anti-HPA-2b. On PCR-SSP the mother was HPA-2a homozygous, the father was HPA-2a/2b. Antibodies against the HPA-2b antigen located on the GPlb/IX complex have been reported in rare cases of NAIT Testing is complicated by proteolytic degradation of the antigen-bearing fragment. Compatible platelets are easily found since approximately 85 percent of donors are HPA-2a/2a.
Immunohematotogy 2003;19:43-46.
Quantitation of red cell–bound IgG, IgA, and IgM in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and blood donors by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Bencomo A. A. , Diaz M. , Alfonso Y. , ValdÉs O. , Alfonso M. E.
Published: May 2021

This paper describes an enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of IgG, IgA, and IgM immunoglobulins on RBCs. Ether eluates made from RBCs were followed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of immunoglobulin concentration. Calibration curves were derived from immunoglobulin standards and the number of molecules of each isotype per RBC was calculated. The assay was carried out in 200 healthy blood donors and 62 patients with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), two of them with a negative DAT. For healthy blood donors, mean values were 58 IgG, 16 IgA, and 3 IgM molecules per RBC. For patients with a positive DAT, the mean values were 3435 IgG, 157 IgA, and 69 IgM molecules per RBC. An increased level of IgA was found in 12 patients without IgA autoantibodies demonstrable in RBC eluates. Increased IgG levels were also observed in patients with a negative DAT and, in one case, an increased level of IgA was also found. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ether eluates is a sensitive method for quantitating RBC autoantibodies in patients with AIHA as well as immunoglobulins bound to RBCs in healthy individuals.
Immunohematology 2003;19:47–53.
Studies on the Dombrock blood group system in non-human primates
Authors: Mogos C. , Schawalder A. , Halverson G.R. , Reid M.E.
Published: May 2021

The Dombrock blood group system consists of five distinct antigens: two antithetical antigens, Doa and Dob, and three high-frequency antigens: Gya, Hy, and Joa. Although the prevalence of Doa and Dob in different populations makes them useful as genetic markers, the scarcity of reliable antibodies to these antigens has prevented this potential from being realized. The gene (DO; ART4) encoding the Dombrock glycoprotein has been cloned and sequenced, and the molecular bases of the various Dombrock phenotypes have been determined. The purpose of this study was to perform DNA-based assays on the DO homolog in non-human primates to determine the degree of conservation in the DO gene. Murine MoAbs to Dombrock protein were developed by standard hybridoma technologies and used to test RBCs from non-human primates by hemagglutination. PCR-RFLP analysis for the six singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been defined in human alleles were performed on DNA extracted from fresh or frozen blood samples from numerous non-human primates. Hemagglutination tests with six MoAbs to the Dombrock glycoprotein revealed distinct epitopes on RBCs from the non-human primates. The gorillas and orangutans had the same PCR-RFLP digestion pattern for the six SNPs studied as chimpanzees. Old world monkeys (macaques) were identical at nucleotides (nt) 323, 350, 624, and 793 with the chimpanzees, and at nt 898 the digestion pattern was the same as for the HY1 allele in humans. For the new world monkeys (tamarins and squirrel monkeys) the digestion pattern was conserved for nt 793 but different for nt 624; the other SNPs could not be determined because there was no amplification. The presence of epitopes recognized by the MoAbs and PCR-RFLP results among the non-human primates shows considerable conservation of the DO gene. The difficulties we encountered with the amplification of DNA from the non-human primates lower in the phylogenetic tree are probably due to divergence in sequence.
Practical aspects of investigating drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia due to cefotetan or ceftriaxone—a case study approach
Authors: Arndt P.A.
Published: May 2021

In the 1970s, the most common causes of drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia were methyldopa and penicillin. Since 1990, the most common causes of drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia have been the second- and third-generation cephalosporins, cefotetan and ceftriaxone. Three case histories illustrate the common findings in the serologic investigation of immune hemolytic anemias due to these two drugs.
Immunohematology 2002;18:27–32.
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to HPA-3a antibodies: a case report
Authors: Davoren A. , Smith G. , Lucas G. , Rodgers S. , O’donoghue P. , Crowley J. , Barnes C.A. , Mckiernan J.
Published: May 2021

A healthy infant was born at term by elective cesarean section to a 32-year-old para 4, gravida 4, mother. Within 24 hours, the infant was noted to have fairly extensive bruising on the back and shoulders. A full blood count evaluation was remarkable for severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count of 29 × 109/L). Other hematologic parameters were normal. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-1 antibodies but not platelet-specific antibodies were detectable in the maternal serum using a commerical antigencapture ELISA (GTI-PakPlus kit®). Anti-HPA-3a antibodies, while weakly reactive in the monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) assay in the immediate postpartum serum, were readily detectable using this assay in a sample taken 4 weeks later. Genotyping for human platelet antigens (HPA) 1–5 by the polymerase chain reaction technique with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) revealed the infant’s platelet genotype to be HPA-1a/1a, 3a/3b, while that of the mother was HPA-1a/1a, 3b/ 3b, consistent with a diagnosis of anti-HPA-3a neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). This case illustrates the increased sensitivity of the MAIPA technique for the detection of plateletspecific antibodies. We believe this to be the first serologically confirmed case of NAIT due to anti-HPA-3a to be reported in the republic of Ireland.
Immunohematology 2002;18:33–36.
MIMA-9, a valuable antibody for screening for rare donors
Authors: Tossas E. , Øyen R. , Halverson G.R. , Malyska H. , Reid M.E.
Published: May 2021

Since monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are potentially available in an unlimited volume, they can be used to screen numerous donor blood samples to identify antigen-negative donors. We have used a Mab (MIMA-9) with characteristics that allow for the simultaneous screening of RBCs of any ABO group for high-incidence antigennegativity in the Kell and Gerbich blood group systems. MIMA-9, a murine IgG2a antibody, previously shown to facilitate the identification of K+k–, Kp(a+b–), K0, McLeod, or Ge:–3 red blood cells (RBCs), was used in MTS gel cards containing anti-mouse IgG as the second antibody to test 1134 K– donors. Among the 1134 donors tested, we found one Kp(a+b–) and one Ge:–2,–3,4 donor. If random donor samples had been used instead of preselecting for K–, we would have expected to identify two K+k– donors. One reagent (MIMA-9) can be used to simultaneously screen for K+k–, Kp(a+b–), K0, McLeod, and Ge:–3 RBCs and thereby conserve rare antisera. Inclusion of anti-mouse IgG in gel cards allowed for rapid screening. MIMA-9 is also a useful reagent to type RBCs with a positive direct antiglobulin test. This antibody is available to donor screening laboratories at no cost for this specific use.
Immunohematology 2002:18:43–45.
Enzyme and DTT treatment of adherent RBCs for antibody identification by a solid phase immunoassay system
Authors: Tamai T. , Mazda T.
Published: May 2021

Treatment of RBCs with protease enzymes or dithiothreitol (DTT) causes denaturation of several RBC antigens and is regularly used in antibody identification. In this study, we have standardized enzyme and DTT treatment of adherent RBCs in the magnetic-mixed passive hemagglutination assay (M-MPHA) for antibody identification. We have also tried drying these treated RBCs. The optimal enzyme and DTT treatment conditions for intact adherent RBCs were determined, in addition to the optimal condition for drying RBCs. All tested agents with the exception of chymotrypsin could be applied to RBC drying,but the optimal condition for drying was different from that for intact RBCs. Enzyme or DTT treatment of adherent RBCs and their application in M-MPHA provide a simple and convenient method for antibody identification. Furthermore, the technique of drying treated RBCs provides an even stronger antibody identification tool, since dried RBCs can be stored for a long period.
Immunohematology 2002;18:114–119.
Evaluation of a new solid-phase immunoassay for alloantibody detection using bromelin-treated and untreated red blood cells
Authors: Tamai T. , Mazda T.
Published: May 2021

The enzyme test is used to detect certain antibodies or facilitate antibody identification. This study compares antibody reactivity with bromelin-treated red blood cells (RBCs) and untreated RBCs using a newly developed solid-phase immunoassay. The reactivity of irregular antibodies was tested by a magnetic-mixed passive hemagglutination assay (M-MPHA). In addition, antibody reactivity was tested with dried stroma of bromelin-treated RBCs and untreated RBCs (M-MPHA-Dry). Rh antibodies were detected with enzyme-treated intact RBCs and untreated RBCs by M-MPHA. The slight increase in reactivity using M-MPHA was not seen using dried RBC stroma (M-MPHA-Dry). All donor-derived IgG alloantibodies, which were detected by either a conventional tube enzyme test or an indirect antiglobulin test, were detected by M-MPHA without using enzyme-treated RBCs. Both M-MPHA and M-MPHA-Dry can be used for antibody detection without using enzyme-treated RBCs and are also useful for antibody identification.
Immunobematology 2OOI;I7:I7—21.
Tube and column agglutination technology for autocontrol testing
Authors: Courtney J. E. , Vincent J.L. , Indrikovs A.J.
Published: May 2021

The incidence of positive autocontrol test results with column agglutination technology is a concern. This study investigates the incidence and significance of positive autocontrols in the ID Micro Typing System™ (gel) and the Gamma ReACT™ (ReACT). The study encompassed a total of 1021 randomly selected samples from patients and 95 samples from donors collected during 1 month. The autocontrol testing was carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions for the column agglutination tests. The tube method was carried out using low-ionic-strength solution (USS). The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was performed using the tube method, and further investigated with elution studies if warranted. Seventy-nine patient’s samples (7.74%) had a positive autocontrol: the gel test, 72 (91.13%); ReACT, 21 (26.58%); and the tube method, 27 (34.18%). Of the 79 positive autocontrols, 44 samples had a negative DAT. Of the samples with positive DAT results, only one possessed a clinically significant antibody, anti-D. Moreover, the same sample also tested positive in all three methods. Column agglutination techniques have increased sensitivity for a positive autocontrol beyond the conventional tube method. However, ReACT and gel tests differ significantly in their frequency of positives. Investigation of the significance of a positive autocontrol in column agglutination technology when the conventional tube method is also positive is suggested.
Immunobematology 2OOI;I7:5O—52.
Easy method for determining the frequency of O1
and O2
alleles in Brazilian blood donors by PCR-RFLP analysis
Authors: Batissoco A.C. , Zago-Novaretti M.C. , Bueno V.J. , Dorlhiac-Llacer P.E. , Chamone D.A.F.
Published: May 2021

Serologic ABO blood typing is routinely performed using anti-A and anti-B sera to distinguish four phenotypes (A, B, AB, and O). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and DNA sequence studies offer the possibility of direct ABO genotyping. We used polymerase chain reaction-RFLP analysis to determine the frequency of O1
and O2
alleles in 82 unrelated blood donors in São Paulo, Brazil, known to be group O. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes by a modified salting-out method. Different genotypes (O1O1, O1O2, O2O2) were identified after digestion with restriction enzymes KpnI, HpaII, and AluI, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Of 82 samples analyzed, 74 were O1O1
, 7 were O1O2
, and 1 was O2O2
. These results showed the frequency of O1O1, O1O2
, and O2O2
genotypes to be 90.24 percent, 8.53 percent, and 1.22 percent, respectively, in blood donors in São Paulo, Brazil.
Immunohematology 2001;17:111–116.
A successful delivery of a baby from a D––/D–– mother with strong anti-Hr0
Authors: Whang D.H. , Kim H.C. , Hur M. , Choi J.H. , Park J.S. , Han k.S.
Published: May 2021

We describe the first reported case in Korea of a woman with a D––/D–– phenotype, a high-titer anti-Hr0, and the successful delivery of her newborn. The mother had a history of spontaneous abortion and artificial termination. In her third pregnancy, a live infant was delivered, but died of severe hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Hr0in spite of intensive medical intervention. In her fourth pregnancy, at 22 weeks gestation, the titer of anti-Hr0 was 1024, fetal cells were direct antiglobulin test positive and the blood type was group O, D+ (CDe). We performed plasma exchanges in the mother; however, the titer of antibody rebounded to its initial level after the third plasma exchange. At 26 weeks gestation, cord blood Hb decreased to 7.1 g/dL and three intrauterine transfusions were performed using the mother’s washed red blood cells (RBCs). At 34 weeks gestation, a live baby was delivered by cesarean section. The infant was hydropic with hyperbilirubinemia and severe anemia. However, after two exchange transfusions using the washed RBCs of the mother’s sister, who was also D––/D––, laboratory and clinical findings returned to normal.
Immunohematology 2000;16:112–114.
Further characterization of transfusion-related acute lung injury: demographics, clinical and laboratory features, and morbidity
Authors: Popovsky M.A. , Haley N.R.
Published: May 2021

According to Food and Drug Administration data, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the third most frequent cause of transfusion-associated death in the United States and is characterized by an acute respiratory distress syndrome-like clinical picture following transfusion of plasma-containing blood components. It may be underdiagnosed due to unfamiliarity of clinicians with the syndrome. This report describes the largest series to date, 46 cases, occurring between 1992 and 1998. The male-to-female ratio was approximately 1:1. The mean age at diagnosis was 54 years. The most frequent presenting symptom or signs were acute respiratory distress, hypotension, and hypertension. Antibodies to human leukocyte antigens or granulocytes were identified in 61 percent of cases, with 50 percent associated with antibodies in a donor whose blood had been transfused to a patient developing TRALI. Clinical recovery occurred in 87 percent of patients, but TRALI contributed to deaths in 13 percent. Clinicians need to recognize and diagnose this syndrome in order to respond with appropriate interventions.
Immunohematology 2000;16:157–159.
THE RATIONALITY OF DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS AT THE GYNAECOLOGY DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN KELANTAN
Authors: ALSHAKHSHIR SAMI MUSTAFA , SYED SULAIMAN SYED AZHAR , ALHADDAD MAHMOUD SADI , PAZUDIN MOHD
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to assess the rational prescribing pattern of drugs for pregnant women using World Health Organization (WHO)/International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core drug prescribing indicators. A one-year retrospective research design from (October 2016–September 2017) was used to review pregnant women prescriptions from their medical records at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). A structured data collection form using WHO/INRUD document on prescribing indicators was used. Data was sorted and categorised according to the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) pregnancy classification systems and Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC). Then, data was compared with the references values of WHO/INRUD. Descriptive analysis were performed using SPSS version 20. A total of 741 medical files met the study inclusion criteria. The average number of prescribed drugs per prescription and the percentage of prescribed drugs from hospital formulary list and health ministry list were within the acceptable range listed by WHO. Whereas, the percentage of pregnant women with antibiotics and injection drugs were lower than normal values 17.67% and 8.23%, respectively. Percentage of prescribed drugs from categories C and D were 13.8% and 2.8%, respectively. Whereas 24.8% of prescribed drugs were from unclassified risk category. On the other hand, multivitamins preparations were the highest category of prescriptions 17.7%. Injections and number of antibiotics per encounter were lower than the recommended range listed by WHO. However, a great caution and careful prescribing behaviour of physicians were noticed at gynaecology/obstetric departments and most of the prescribed medications were rational and safe during pregnancy.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE ASIAN PLANTS UTILISED IN STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS
Authors: ZAKARIA FAUZIAHANIM , AHMAD HAFANDI
Published: May 2021

Asian countries are reckoned for their vast plant-rich regions with a long history of traditional medicine that spans approximately 6,500 years. Asian people inherit knowledge from their ancestors about the use of the surrounding plants to treat many infirmities and diseases, including stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression. As such, this review provides an ethnopharmacological and phytochemical overview of Asian plants with high antistress potential. This review serves as a baseline for the discovery of new and potent antidepressants. Articles from 2007 to 2020 were reviewed extensively using Google Scholar and Scopus search engines based on the following keywords: ‘antidepressant AND Asia AND plants’, ‘anxiolytic AND Asia AND plants’, as well as ‘antistress AND Asia AND plants’. In total, 71 Asian plants were documented. Most of the plants were reported from India (36%) and followed by China (31%). Other countries, including Japan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Pakistan, Korea, Taiwan and Algeria, have published several reports regarding local plants with antidepression potential. As a result, 15 pure compounds isolated from these plants displayed antidepressive potential.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF (17E)-CYCLOART-17, 26-DIEN-3β-OL AND CYCLOART-3β, 25-DIOL FROM THE PEEL OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS L.
Authors: NAHAR KAMRUN , SHAMS MD NURUSH , MAHMOOD HASAN CHOUDHURY , JAHAN SANJIDA , AHMED SHAMIM , SOHRAB MD HOSSAIN
Published: May 2021

Two triterpenoids namely (17E)-cycloart-17,26-dien-3β-ol and cycloart-3β,25-diol, were isolated as a mixture from the column fraction by elution with n-hexane/30% ethyl acetate of methanol extract of ripe jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophylus) peel. This is the first report of their isolation from this plant. Their structures were elucidated by comparing the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data with those published for these compounds. The antioxidant activity of these isolated compounds was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and showed a low scavenging attitude compared with standard phenolic compounds (2-tert- butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA), Trolox, L(+)-ascorbic acid and gallic acid). Extracts and isolated compounds did not exhibit any antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria.
Trends of Pharmaceutical Design of Endophytes as Anti-infective
Authors: Tiwari Pragya , Srivastava Yashdeep , Bae Hanhong
Published: May 2021

Plant-endophyte associations represent an inexhaustible source of novel metabolites, exhibiting
significance in environment, agriculture and pharmaceutical perspectives. The global outbreak
of life-threatening diseases necessitates a need for a more targeted approach through efficient
drug-discovery programs. In recent times, endophytes as “bio-factories” have been extensively explored
for the production of novel bioactive metabolites demonstrating therapeutic properties. Resources
in computational biology co-integrated with combinational chemistry have made significant
contributions in this field, aiding in discovery and screening of potential “drug-like”
molecules from endophytes. The review provides a meta-analysis of bioactive metabolite production
from endophytes, extensively discussing the bio-prospection of natural products for pharmaceutical
applications. In light of emerging importance of endophytes as anti-infective agents, an exploration
of the pharmaceutical design of novel chemical entities and analogues has enabled efficient
and cost-effective drug discovery programs. However, bottlenecks in endophyte biology and
research require a better understanding of endophyte dynamics and mechanism of bioactive metabolite
production towards a sustainable drug discovery program.
Nutraceuticals and Bio-inspired Materials from Microalgae and their Future Perspectives
Authors: Bhattacharya Tanima , Rather Gulzar , Akter Rokeya , Kabir Md. Tanvir , Rauf Abdur , Rahman Md.
Published: May 2021

Nutraceuticals are food or component of food that do not only promote health but also
help in recovering and combating health disorders. Algae are microorganisms that are used as supplements
used in treating health disorders. They are rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidant pigments,
and other micronutrients. These algae are gaining importance as functional components in
the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and applications in fabrics incorporated antimicrobial
agents and pharmaceuticals. The present review focus on the distinctive algal components that are
beneficial in biomedical applications. It also focuses on the research techniques to enrich the
macronutrients and micronutrients by altering growth conditions and susceptible nutritional factors.
A diagram model for a systematic review is utilized for this search. The research is conducted
through the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. Results:
Here in this review, current reviewers put forward the importance of microalgae and other algae as
alternative marine nutrient sources of dietary supplements for human consumption. In this context,
extrinsic and intrinsic environmental parameter manipulative studies by eminent research groups to
enhance the nutrient composition of these marine creatures are focused on in this study. Some costeffective
approach-based techniques for industrial output have also been manifested. The role of algae
as bio-inspired material for the production of biosynthetic metal nanoparticles, water-soluble
polymers, bioplastic, antimicrobials, antifouling agents has been incurred as research interests in
the past decades. In spite of being so impressive as nutraceuticals and bio-inspired material components,
research gaps still exist. The purpose of the manuscript is to cover such gaps and show a
new paradigm of biomedical applications.
Mental Health and Physical Activity: A COVID-19 Viewpoint
Authors: Onagbiye Sunday O. , Mchiza Zandile June-Rose , Ahanonu Ezihe L. , Bassett Susan H. , Travill Andre
Published: May 2021

COVID-19, which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation, has become a public health emergency across the globe. It is a highly contagious disease, which elicits high levels of fear amongst the world population and is considered a threat to the world economy. As a response to this pandemic, international governments have devised unconventional measures to guard the health of their citizenry. Among these are the “new normal” country lockdown that mandates working from home, home-schooling of children, and physical/social distancing from friends and family. For the majority, this has resulted in momentary job loss and loneliness, and other psychological illnesses. Hence millions are frightened, depressed and panic easily as a result of the tension due to the uncertainty, which interferes with their job performance, livelihoods, international trade and the world economy. If not mitigated, this is likely to cause physical health deterioration, with severe mental illness being the outcome. To reduce mental health illnesses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence suggests prioritising regular participation in physical activity and exercise across lifespan. It is also important for medical experts who specialise in the care and management of mental health to recognise physical activity and exercise as a medicine that can ameliorate some mental illnesses and their associated risk factors.
Bibliometric analysis and mapping review of parental anxiety and postpartum depression across the perinatal period: A protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Dol Justine , Campbell-Yeo Marsha , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Leahy Warren Patricia
Published: May 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Objective: The objective of this bibliometric analysis and mapping review is to describe the characteristics and trends in published research on anxiety and perinatal depression across the perinatal period from emergence to end of 2020.

Introduction: There has been significant growth in the literature around depression and anxiety across the perinatal period over the past decades. To focus future research and identify gaps, it is important to explore current patterns and trends in the current literature.

Inclusion criteria: All published literature with an English abstract on perinatal anxiety and depression as a primary or secondary outcome will be included up until December 31, 2020. Quantitative and qualitative studies will be eligible, with reviews, discussion papers, editorials, dissertations, conference abstracts, books/book chapters, book reviews, animal studies, and commentaries excluded.

Methods: Titles and abstracts will be screened by two reviewers with disagreements resolved through discussion. Data will be extracted from only the abstracts by one reviewer with 20% verified by a second reviewer. Meta-data of the articles will also be extracted. A narrative summary will accompany the charted results and will describe how the results relate to the reviews objective.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.08.21256829