bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishing Tacit Knowledge Transfer Practices for Competitive Advantage at a Public Sector Organization
Authors: Dewah Peterson , Ngwenya Silibaziso Natasha
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the study anchoring this chapter was to establish the tacit knowledge transfer processes for a competitive edge at a public sector organisation. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through face-to-face interviews. The study revealed that staff understands and appreciates that the knowledge they possess is beneficial and important to the development of other employees and the competitiveness of the organization. It was established that the cultural factors that obstruct tacit knowledge transfer at this organisation include mistrust, insecurity, and lack of communication among employees. The study concluded that for the organisation to gain a competitive advantage over other pension fund organizations, knowledge needs to be transferred from the experienced senior staff to those who need it, such as subordinates who may be less experienced. The study recommended that the establishment of informal networks and communities of practice that allow employees to transfer knowledge to each other.
Libraries and the Preservation of Public Intellectual Space and Heritage
Authors: Nauriya Anil Kumar
Published: August 2019

There is one aspect of Libraries that needs particularly to be highlighted, namely the role of the public library as a par excellence site that upholds the public intellectual space when contrasted to the more restricted academic space. It is a primary means by which public intellectuals and, through them, civil society, may hold even academia to account when the latter becomes confined by dead habits or restricted by institutional, bureaucratic, elitist or other, structures. It needs to be emphasized that academia and scholarship are not necessarily congruent. The interplay between academia and scholarship is crucial and that is made possible by the public library. Open libraries, especially public libraries, are at least as vital as the academia. The importance of a library or a museum is not necessarily related to its location or its size. “Preservation” and “intellectual heritage” need to be decolonized in order to realize epistemic justice.
National Research and Knowledge Systems
Authors: Munatsi Ronald
Published: August 2019

Strong national research and knowledge systems are important in national development. If libraries are well integrated in national research and knowledge systems vibrant spaces of intellectual interrogation, research synthesis and translation can be created. Such an institutional landscape is key in linking research and policy, and this is critical for national development. Research and knowledge systems connect and facilitate sharing of lessons learned, what works, where, when, and how among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers thereby strengthening strategic collaborations to drive vital national development initiatives. Research and knowledge systems where libraries are an integral component create robust communities of practice where there is effective use of research and knowledge in policy and practice. This chapter focuses on how libraries can be part of a national research and knowledge system through institutional collaborations and partnerships and how such a system contributes to sustainable development through promotion of evidence informed policy and practice.
Social Media and Library Collaboration
Authors: Sauti Lazarus
Published: August 2019

The use of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp has become an integral part of everyday communication in Zimbabwe. These platforms allow libraries and librarians to work collaboratively. Anchored on the diffusion of technology theory, this chapter analyzed the availability of social media in the Ministry of Health and Child Care Library, Ministry of Environment Library, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructural Development Library, and Zimbabwe National Statistical Agency Library. The researcher interviewed six library professionals and found out that government librarians are using social media platforms to promote access to information and support freedom of information. The study noted that government libraries are still facing challenges such as lack of administrative support and lack of clear collaboration policies. These challenges are affecting collaboration initiatives. Accordingly, the researcher recommended managers to support their libraries with financial resources if government librarians are to effectively apply social media in their work areas.
Big Data
Authors: Yee Shannon Wai Yi , Gutierrez Carolina , Park Caroline Narae , Lee Danny , Lee Scott
Published: August 2019

In the last three decades, big data has been applied to diverse fields, such as the government, international development, and education. It is only now that the US healthcare system has begun to explore its under-utilized data. Big data is not only referencing the quantity, but also the complexity, diversity, and relativity of the information. This information may be analyzed to reveal patterns, trends, and associations that may be applicable to the healthcare field. This information can be gathered through sources, such as EHRs, IRIS registry, and MIPS. Recognizing patterns would aid in predicting preventative measures for an increased holistic and personalized patient care. Although big data proves to have endless beneficial applications, it can bring into question the ownership of this information. Additionally, big data poses a risk for security breaches, and thus, precautionary measures will also be discussed. Ultimately, the emergence of big data creates an exhilarating frontier for healthcare with its unlimited possibilities.
Use of Predictive and Simulation Models to Develop Strategies for Better Access Specialists Care
Authors: Chua Siang Li , Chow Wai Leng
Published: August 2019

No-shows are patients who miss scheduled Specialist Outpatient Clinic (SOC) appointments. No-shows can impact patients' access to care and appointment lead time. This chapter describes a data-driven strategy of improving access to specialist care through first developing a stratified predictive scoring model to identify patients at risk of no-shows; second, studying the impact of a dynamic overbooking strategy that incorporates the use of the no-show prediction model using discrete event simulation (DES) on lead time. Seventeen variables related to new SOC appointments for subsidized patients in 2016 were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) found eight variables independently associated with no-shows with area under receiver operation curve (AUC) 70%. The model was tested and validated. DES model simulated the appointment overbooking strategy as applied to the top highest volume specialties and concluded that lead time of Specialty 1 and 2 can be shortened by 27.5 days (49% improvement) and 21.3 (33%) respectively.
mHealth Collaboration for Social Good
Authors: Koch Hope , Green Gina , Mahid Zonayed , Garner Shelby L. , Hitchcock Julia , George Carolin Elizabeth , Young Philip
Published: August 2019

The World Health Organization lauds mobile health (mHealth) technology as a means of creating stronger healthcare systems and improving health-related outcomes. This chapter reports on an action research study examining the development of a mHealth technology hypertension app to help people living in India's urban slums and rural villages take better care of their health. The collaboration involved a multidisciplinary team of U.S.-based academic researchers, and India-based healthcare and technology professionals. This study suggests that traditional Western-based project management approaches alone are insufficient when developing technology for social good. Specifically, the study finds that team, process, and technology adaptability are key to successfully developing healthcare technology to serve at-risk populations in resource-constrained areas. Implications of these findings to systems development research are discussed.
Building Powerful Private Label Brands in Creating Effective Communication Processes
Authors: Genel Zeynep
Published: August 2019

Globalization and developing communication technologies have shaped the approach and expectations of consumers towards brands, and this has necessitated the transformation of communication practices into widening approaches in marketing rules. There are many studies on marketing communications; most of them are based on the marketing perspective. This chapter explains marketing communications practices in the scope of the fundamental communication discipline. In this scope, the branding communications efforts of two leading Turkish private labels retail as brands as examined as a case study with the light of field research. The chapter is a contribution to the studies in the marketing communications field with the perspective of the communication discipline.
Comparing Private Label Brand Equity Dimensions of the Same Store
Authors: Pınar Musa , Girard Tulay
Published: August 2019

This chapter examines the CBBE of two different product category PLBs of the same retailer, holding the retailer constant. Specifically, the study presented examines and compares the CBBE and its underlying dimensions and their relationships for Walmart's Great Value (grocery, consumable household goods) and Equate (beauty, health, pharmacy) PLBs. Based on a total of 421 surveys (270 for the Great Value brand and 151 for the Equate brand), the study found that 1) while consumers seem to have accepted PLBs in general, Great Value and Equate have lower levels of acceptance among consumers and 2) the comparison of models for Great Value and Equate brands displayed similarities and a few differences in significant relationships among the CBBE dimensions. The findings of this study provide important insights to the management of the retail stores to identify the areas for improvements and develop strategies based on similarities and differences of the two brands.
Evaluating the Success of the Economic and Premium Private Labels in Retailers Positioned at the Opposite Ends of the Price-Quality Axis
Authors: Kethüda Önder
Published: August 2019

The aim of this chapter is to evaluate the success of private labels positioned as economic and premium from the customer perspective in the retailers that have different positioning strategies. For this aim, two retailers that positioned themselves at the opposite ends on the price and service quality axes and a product category were identified along with a national brand. The research used between-subjects design and data were collected from customers of both retailers via a questionnaire. The success rates of economic and premium private labels were compared between the two retailers. The results indicate that both economic and premium private labels are more credible and favorable in retailers with superior service quality. On the other hand, the customers of the retailer positioned at low price have more tendencies to purchase economic private labels than the customers of the other store, whereas the customers of the retailer positioned at superior service quality have higher tendency to purchase premium private labels than the customers of the other store.
Retracted: Development of Bulk Metallic Glasses and their Composites by Additive Manufacturing – Evolution, Challenges and a Proposed Novel Solution
Authors: Rafique Muhammad Musaddique Ali , Qiu Dong , Brandt Milan
Published: August 2019

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and their composites (BMGMCs) have emerged as competitive materials for structural engineering applications exhibiting superior tensile strength, hardness along with very large elastic strain limit. However, they suffer from lack of ductility and subsequent low toughness due to the inherent brittleness of the glassy structure which makes them amenable to failure without appreciable yielding. Various mechanisms and methods have been proposed to counter this effect out of which, recently Additive Manufacturing has gained widespread attention. It is proposed that additive manufacturing can overcome these difficulties in single step due to inherent existence of very high cooling rate in the process which is essential for glass formation. This, when coupled with careful selection of alloy chemistry is proposed to be the best solution to fabricate near net shape parts in a single step with excellent properties. In this report, an effort has been made to describe one possible route to achieve this. Solidification processing employing carefully selected inoculants based on edge to edge matching technique along with the carefuly controlled inoculation procedure is proposed to reflect upon enhanced mechanical properties. It is hypothesized that number density, size and distribution of ductile crystalline phase would best be able to improve microstructure and hence properties. This is meant to be controlled by manipulating type, size and the amount of inoculants. The proposed methodology is claimed to bear maximum potential.
Spatial patterns of within-treeEnaphalodes rufulus(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) attacks during outbreak conditions in the Ozark National Forest in Arkansas, United States of America
Authors: Hartshorn Jessica A. , Galligan Larry D. , Stephen Fred M.
Published: August 2019

Enaphalodes rufulus(Haldeman) (red oak borer; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a native wood borer that colonises and develops in oaks (QuercusLinnaeus; Fagaceae) across southeastern Canada and the eastern United States of America. It is rarely considered a pest because it normally occurs at low population density levels in stressed or dying oak trees. In the late 1990s and early 2000s there was a large, historically unique outbreak ofE.rufulusin the Ozark mountains of Arkansas and Missouri, United States of America. This outbreak provided an opportunity to investigate within-tree spatial distribution of attacks during unusually high insect population levels. Fifty trees from northern Arkansas were felled and destructively sampled. The locations of attack sites by femaleE.rufuluswere standardised across varying heights and diameters for comparison across trees. Attack sites showed a significant clustered pattern within trees. Attack sites were aggregated towards the lower and middle bole, and on the south-facing side of trees. This pattern has been seen in other insects, including wood borers, and is potentially related to differences in temperature. These patterns of ovipositional behaviour in outbreak situations have implications forE.rufulusresource partitioning and facultative intraguild predation among larvae.
Book reviews
Authors: Authors Various
Published: August 2019

No abstracts
Are you really sitting comfortably? A field study of a forward sloping chair and sedentary low back pain sufferers
Authors: Bridger R. S. , Jaros G. G.
Published: August 2019

A number of authors have suggested that office chairs designed to encourage users to sit with an "open" trunk-thigh angle (approximately 110-120 degrees) will be more comfortable than conventional chairs and will have beneficial consequences for sedentary low back pain sufferers.This assertion was investigated in a 4 month trial in which 35 sedentary workers were given a forward sloping chair to use. Ratings of perceived back pain and postural comfort when using the chair were compared with ratings obtained when conventional chairs were used. Additionally, users' comments on both chair types were obtained.For the sample as a whole, significantly less lower back pain was reported on those occasions when the forward sloping chair was used. However, a number of participants reported no change or more back pain when using the forward sloping chair. Users’ comments on the chair highlighted a number of practical advantages and disadvantages which relate to its suitability for use in office settings.Although the majority of users preferred the forward sloping chair to their usual chairs, the available data do not permit the differential response to the chair to be explained on either personal, occupational, anthropometric or ergonomic grounds. A more clinically orientated investigation would seem to be required.
Analysis of differential heaving distress in soil-structure interactions due to degradation of founding soil by chemical contaminations
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar V. , Pandey K.K. , Pathak K.K. , Maiti P. , Kumar Suresh
Published: August 2019

In the process of rapid industrialization, land degradation is being observed in presence of chemical or other alterations in the natural soil. Expansive soil resulting from penetration of liquor in to the ground creating differential heaving stress in the foundation of the structures. Present paper deals a case study of distressed structure founding on the soil which is being contaminated with caustic liquor resulting from the process of manufacturing of Alumina. A reinforced cement tertiary thickener structure of Alumina plant (in India) rests on concentric columns got distress features in the form of upheaval of footings after four year of commissioning. The concrete and soil in the foundation area got contaminated with caustic liquor resulting in to the expansion of materials near to the foundation and creating differential heaving distress in the foundation and columns. This paper also deals the remedial measures and a methodology to make the structure stable and durable.
Modélisation par éléments discrets de la compressibilité d’un sol sablo-argileux traité par une mousse en cours du temps
Authors: Mahmoud Khouloud , Dubujet Philippe , Kacem Mariem , Jamei Mehrez
Published: August 2019

Lubricants are used to limit the tunneling shield's impact with the soil, also to facilitate the extraction of excavated soil. In this study, we are interested in the technique adopted by earth pressure tunneling machines (EPB) where surfactant foaming agents are used. Excavated soil is generally classified as waste and stored in the disposal area. The mastery of the physicochemical and mechanical evolution of these wastes makes it possible to explore methods of valorization.The aim of this study is to numerically model a granular medium using the Discret Element Method DEM method in order to study the compressibility of soil-foam mixtures during their evolution over time at the grain scale. The foaming agent is in the form of surfactant bubbles, thus constituting a second granular medium which mixed with that of the soil aggregates. The rigidities of the grains were deduced from the triaxial tests. The modeling is carried out for results oedometric tests. A difference of 14%between experimental and numerical values was founded. Furthermore, the model describes the reduction of the compressibility coefficient of the conditioned soil over time to find the coefficient of the unconditioned soil found experimentally.

Les lubrifiants sont utilisés pour limiter les frottements du bouclier de tunnelier avec le sol, et faciliter l’extraction des sols à excaver. Les sols excavés sont généralement classés comme déchets et stockés en zone de dépôt. La maitrise de l’évolution physico-chimique et mécanique de ces déchets, permet d’explorer des méthodes de valorisation. Dans cette étude, on s’intéresse aux sols traités par agents moussants à base de tensioactif utilisés dans la technique adoptée par les tunneliers à pression de terre.Cette étude consiste à modéliser numériquement un milieu granulaire moyennant la méthode des éléments discrets (Discret Element Method : DEM) dans le but d’étudier la compressibilité des mélanges sol-mousse durant leur évolution au cours du temps à l’échelle des grains. L'agent moussant se présente sous forme de bulles de tensioactif, constituant ainsi un deuxième milieu granulaire qui se mélange avec celui des granulats du sol. Les rigidités des grains ont été déduites d’essais triaxiaux. La modélisation est réalisée pour des résultats issus d'essais œdométriques.Une différence de 14 % entre les valeurs expérimentales et numériques est constatée. Par ailleurs, le modèle décrit la diminution du coefficient de compressibilité au cours du temps pour retrouver celle du sol non traité, trouvée expérimentalement.
Éditorial n°80 spécial Congrès Sites et Sols, Déchets Sciences et Techniques
Authors: Gourdon Rémy
Published: August 2019

Comme nous l’annoncions dans l’éditorial du précédent numéro (n°79), le numéro 80 de DST est également un numéro spécial, consacré comme le précédent aux deuxièmes Rencontres Scientifiques sur la Réhabilitation et la Valorisation des Sites et des Sols pollués (RV2S-2018).Le numéro 80 regroupe six articles, issus de ce congrès, qui viennent compléter le champ scientifique et technique couvert par les 7 articles du précédent numéro.L’éditorial du n°79 a déjà décrit le séminaire RV2S-2018 qui s’est tenu à l’École Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne (ENISE) les 29 au 30 octobre 2018. Le n°80 devra donc se contenter d’un éditorial plus succinct, inutile de remplir ces lignes d’informations déjà données.Notons cependant que ce numéro 80 est doublement spécial !Spécial car consacré à des communications orales sélectionnées d’un congrès scientifique comme annoncé ci-dessus.Spécial également parce qu’il renferme l’unique article jamais publié en langue anglaise dans DST : « Analysis of differential heaving distress in the structure due to degradation of founding soils » par Rajesh Kumar, auteur indien non francophone.Certains salueront cette initiative comme le gage d’une ouverture internationale de la revue. D’autres pourront s’en inquiéter comme d’un signe de l’érosion de la francophonie au profit de l’anglais scientifique. Il ne s’agit pourtant rien de cela. DST maintient sa ligne éditoriale et continue d’affirmer d’une part que l’ouverture internationale d’une revue n’impose pas l’utilisation systématique de l’anglais, et d’autre part que la publication en langue française facilite l’expression de nombreuses équipes scientifiques, notamment du sud, mais pas seulement. Dans toute ligne de conduite cependant, l’excès de zèle est dommageable. Il faut au contraire savoir tolérer quelques exceptions à la règle pour que celle-ci ne devienne pas un dogme. Quelques articles en anglais ne remettent aucunement en question la volonté de privilégier le français comme langue de communication dans notre revue Déchets Sciences et Techniques.Préparez un dictionnaire si besoin, et bonne lecture.
Twitteratura em Espanhol: a representação do feminino em "La mujer de M" de Mauricio Montiel Figueiras
Authors: Sassón-Henry Perla
Published: August 2019

O projeto de Mauricio Figueiras Montiel, La mujer de M, inclui um livro impresso, um e-book e uma novela no Twitter. O projeto que originalmente começou como parte de El hombre de Tweed, o primeiro trabalho twitterial de Montiel, evoluiu para representar a influência das plataformas de mídia social no nível de criação e distribuição de uma obra literária, bem como o papel que ela tem na disseminação da intenção do autor pelo seu trabalho. Este ensaio explora como o autor mexicano Mauricio Montiel Figueiras utiliza diferentes modalidades de publicação para apresentar o conceito de feminino representado pela protagonista de seu projeto La mujer de M.
Influence of Lifestyle Redesign® on Health, Social Participation, Leisure, and Mobility of Older French-Canadians
Authors: Levasseur Mélanie , Filiatrault Johanne , Larivière Nadine , Trépanier Jordane , Lévesque Marie-Hélène , Beaudry Maryke , Parisien Manon , Provencher Véronique , Couturier Yves , Champoux Nathalie , Corriveau Hélène , Carbonneau Hélène , Sirois Fuschia
Published: August 2019

Importance: Developed in California to enable community-dwelling older adults to maintain healthy and meaningful activities, Lifestyle Redesign® is a well-known cost-effective preventive occupational therapy intervention. The impact of a newly adapted French version on older French-Canadians was, however, unknown.

Objective: To explore the influence of Lifestyle Redesign on older French-Canadians’ health, social participation, leisure, and mobility.

Design: A mixed-methods design included a preexperimental component (questionnaires administered before and after the intervention and 3 and 6 mo postintervention) and an exploratory descriptive qualitative clinical study. Individual semidirected interviews were digitally audiotaped and transcribed, then underwent thematic content analysis using mix extraction grids.

Setting: Community.

Participants: Sixteen volunteers (10 women) aged 65–90 yr (mean = 76.4, standard deviation = 7.6), 10 without and 6 with disabilities. Inclusion criteria were age ≥65 yr, normal cognitive functions, residence in a conventional or senior home, and French speaking.

Intervention: French-Canadian 6-mo version of Lifestyle Redesign.

Outcomes and Measures: Health, social participation, leisure, and mobility were measured using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey, Social Participation Scale, Leisure Profile, and Life-Space Assessment, as well as a semistructured interview guide.

Results: The French-Canadian Lifestyle Redesign had a beneficial effect on participants’ mental health (p = .02) and interest in leisure (p = .02) and, in those with disabilities, social participation (p = .03) and attitudes toward leisure (p = .04). Participants reported positive effects on their mental health, leisure, mobility, and social participation, including frequency and quality of social interactions, and indicated that having an occupational routine fostered better health. None of the participants reported no effect.

Conclusion and Relevance: The translated and culturally adapted Lifestyle Redesign is a promising occupational therapy intervention for community-dwelling older French-Canadians.

What This Article Adds: This study sheds light on the influence of the French-Canadian version of the intervention not only on older adults’ health and social participation but also on their leisure activities and life-space mobility, two important outcomes not addressed in previous Lifestyle Redesign studies. Moreover, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the Lifestyle Redesign experience of French-Canadian older adults with and without disabilities, including participants with significant communication and mobility disabilities.
Macroeconomic Policy Frameworks for Resource-Rich Developing Countries - Background Paper 1
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This paper provides deeper insights on a few themes with regard to the experience with macroeconomic management in resource-rich developing countries (RRDCs). First, some stylized facts on the performance of these economies relative to their non-resource peers are provided. Second, the experience of Fund engagement in these economies with respect to surveillance, programs, and technical assistance is assessed. Third, the experience of selected countries with good practices in the management of the natural resource wealth is presented. Fourth, the experience of IMF advice in helping RRDCs set up resource funds is discussed. Finally, the main themes and messages from the IMF staff consultation with external stakeholders (CSOs, policy makers, academics) are presented.
Fiscal Regimes for Extractive Industries—Design and Implementation
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Better designed and implemented fiscal regimes for oil, gas, and mining can make a substantial contribution to the revenue needs of many developing countries while ensuring an attractive return for investors, according to a new policy paper from the International Monetary Fund. Revenues from extractive industries (EIs) have major macroeconomic implications. The EIs account for over half of government revenues in many petroleum-rich countries, and for over 20 percent in mining countries. About one-third of IMF member countries find (or could find) resource revenues “macro-critical” – especially with large numbers of recent new discoveries and planned oil, gas, and mining developments.

IMF policy advice and technical assistance in the field has massively expanded in recent years – driven by demand from member countries and supported by increased donor finance. The paper sets out the analytical framework underpinning, and key elements of, the country-specific advice given.

Also available in Arabic: ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????: ??????? ????????

Also available in French: Régimes fiscaux des industries extractives: conception et application

Also available in Spanish: Regímenes fiscales de las industrias extractivas: Diseño y aplicación
Fiscal Policy and Employment in Advanced and Emerging Economies
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses tax and expenditure policy reforms to raise employment. Using data for 58 advanced and emerging economies, the paper provides a unified assessment of tax and expenditure measures that have usually been addressed separately. The focus is on incentives to increase labor demand and supply rather than on the impact of fiscal policy on employment through aggregate demand effects. It also discusses policies to improve the matching of labor supply and demand, and the principles which should guide the design of country-specific fiscal reforms to boost employment. A comprehensive set of tables on fiscal policies and labor market outturns for advanced and emerging economies is provided, permitting cross-country comparisons to facilitate the design of reform strategies.
Staff Guidance Note on Macroprudential Policy
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This note provides guidance to facilitate the staff’s advice on macroprudential policy in Fund surveillance. It elaborates on the principles set out in the “Key Aspects of Macroprudential Policy,” taking into account the work of international standard setters as well as the evolving country experience with macroprudential policy. The main note is accompanied by supplements offering Detailed Guidance on Instruments and Considerations for Low Income Countries
Update on the Fiscal Transparency Initiative
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This paper provides an update on staff’s work on a new Fiscal Transparency Code (FTC) and experiences with the initial pilot Fiscal Transparency Evaluations (FTE), the ground work for which was laid in a 2012 paper “Fiscal Transparency, Accountability, and Risk.” Both are part of ongoing efforts by the Fiscal Affairs Department, in cooperation with other departments, to strengthen the Fund’s fiscal surveillance and capacity building. The new FTC and FTE reflect the lessons of the recent crisis, incorporate developments in international standards, and build on feedback from consultations with stakeholders.
Review of the Flexible Credit Line, the Precautionary and Liquidity Line, and the Rapid Financing Instrument
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This review of the Flexible Credit Line (FCL), the Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL), and the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) focuses on four key issues: (i) the demand for the FCL and PLL in the context of the broader role of the Fund’s lending (including precautionary) instruments in the global financial safety net (GFSN); (ii) the qualification/conditionality framework for the FCL and the PLL; (iii) concerns about repeated usage of FCL arrangements by the same members and consideration of ways to further improve the transparency in the discussion of access/exit in the underlying staff documents; and (iv) the lack of demand for the RFI.
2015 External Sector Report - Individual Economy Assessments
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

The external sector assessments use a wide range of methods, including the External Balance Assessment (EBA) developed by the IMF’s Research Department to estimate desired current account balances and real exchange rates (see Annex I of the 2015 External Sector Report, also IMF Working Paper WP/13/272 for a complete description of the EBA methodology). In all cases, the overall assessment is based on the judgment of IMF staff drawing on the inputs provided by these model estimates and other analysis and the estimates are subject to uncertainty.

The assessments discuss a broad range of external indicators: the current account, the real effective exchange rate, capital and financial accounts flows and measures, FX intervention and reserves and the foreign asset or liability position. The individual economy assessments are discussed with the respective authorities as a part of bilateral surveillance.
The Managing Director's Global Policy Agenda
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Full text also available in Arabic, Chinese, French, Japanese, Russian, and Spanish.

Despite signs of recovery and resilience in some economies, global growth continues to disappoint, with the expected pick-up driven primarily by emerging markets. This persistent underperformance has exposed complex underlying trends in many countries—including the difficulty for some groups to adjust to rapid changes in the global economy. Policymakers should act and use a balanced mix of all policy levers to revive demand and raise productivity, and ensure the gains from technology and globalization—which have led to unprecedented global welfare gains in recent decades—are shared more broadly. A retreat from globalization and multilateralism is a serious risk at a time when international cooperation and coordination are as critical as ever. The Fund can assist by helping policymakers in their efforts by providing advice, developing capacity, and lending to countries in need, while continuing to advocate for multilateral solutions that work for all.
Financial Integration in Latin America
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Many Latin American economies have experienced significant reductions in growth recently, as a result of the end of the commodity super-cycle and the rebalancing of China’s growth, and a number of global banks have been leaving the region. AlthoughLatin American countries were generally less affected by the global financial crisis (GFC) than other regions, the region continues also to suffer from the protracted sluggish growth in advanced economies. In addition, there has since 2008 been a withdrawal of global banks from the region, thus potentially worsening access to credit or reducing competition in the financial sector. More broadly, the GFC demonstrated that extreme economic volatility can originate from outside the region, rather than internally, as was the experience of the 1980s and 1990s...
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI)—Statistical Update
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

The HIPC Initiative and MDRI are nearly complete, with 36 countries having reached the completion point under the HIPC Initiative. Debt relief under the Initiative has alleviated debt burdens substantially in recipient countries and has enabled them to increase their poverty-reducing expenditure by over one and a half percentage points of GDP between 2001 and 2015.

Creditor participation in the HIPC Initiative has been strong amongst the multilateral and Paris Club creditors; however participation from other creditor groups still needs to be strengthened. The total cost of debt relief to creditors under the HIPC Initiative is currently estimated to be US$76.9 billion, while the costs to the four multilateral creditors providing relief under the MDRI is estimated at US$42.4 billion in end-2015 present value terms.
Sensitivity of Serologic Testing for Dogs Diagnosed with Coccidioidomycosis on Histology: 52 Cases (2012–2013)
Authors: Gunstra Amber , Steurer Jeffrey A. , Seibert Rachel L. , Dixon Bradford C. , Russell Duncan S.
Published: August 2019

Coccidioidomycosis, or Valley Fever, is a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides spp., soil-living fungi endemic to the southwest region of the United States. The infection can cause various diseases including respiratory, neurologic, cardiac, dermatologic, and ocular disease as well as osteomyelitis in dogs and many other mammals. Obtaining a definitive diagnosis can be challenging. Serology is commonly used as a screening diagnostic test for disease, but both false-negative and false-positive results have been reported. Fifty-two cases of coccidioidomycosis diagnosed via histopathology were retrospectively evaluated. The sensitivity of serology in the study population was determined to be 87% for immunoglobulin G and 46% for immunoglobulin M. The cases were evaluated for an association between negative serology results and anatomic location of disease, but these variables were found to be independent. This study reports the sensitivity of serology for canine coccidioidomycosis and highlights the importance of using multiple diagnostic tests for definitive diagnosis of infection.
The Function of the Short Lateral Collateral Ligaments of the Canine Tarsus: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Schuenemann Riccarda , Bogisch Sandra
Published: August 2019

Information on the clinical behavior and treatment of cases with an isolated rupture of the short collateral ligaments of the canine tarsus is sparse and contradictory in the veterinary literature. Our objective was to evaluate the function of the short lateral collateral ligaments (SLCLs) of the tarsocrural joint in 90° flexion. Eight canine cadaveric limbs were tested for internal/external rotation and valgus/varus before and after transection of one or both SLCLs. In one group, the fibulocalcaneal ligament was transected first, followed by the fibulotalar. In the second group, the order of ligament transection was reversed. Angular changes between two k-wires were measured and compared. External rotation increased significantly after transection of one or both SLCLs (P = .009 and P < .0005), as did varus (P = .021 and P = .001). Lateral subluxation was only possible when both SLCLs were cut. Unlike the long lateral collateral ligament, which stabilizes against deviation toward medial, both SLCLs are major stabilizers against subluxation toward lateral. This important difference must be considered in clinical patients with isolated rupture of the SLCLs.
Pentecostalismo como respuesta al racionalismo occidental y sus aportes al cristianismo y sociedad latinoamericana
Authors: Maravilla Árevalo José Adán
Published: August 2019

Las predicciones de los principales teóricos naturalistas no han sido nada favorables para el cristianismo, todos concuerdan que a medida la ciencia aumente, la religión −haciendo énfasis al cristianismo− irá disminuyendo hasta desaparecer. Contrario a este argumento, durante el siglo XX se desencadenó un crecimiento acelerado del cristianismo, y este crecimiento ha sido en la línea pentecostés. Latinoamérica es la zona geográfica donde más impacto ha tenido el pentecostalismo, en este trabajo se muestra un resumen de los aportes que ha dejado al cristianismo y a la sociedad en América Latina.
DESNUTRIÇÃO ENERGÉTICO-PROTEICA NA INSUFICIÊNCIA RENAL CRÔNICA
Authors: Brandão Igor Macedo , Cunha Maria Isabel Reis , Carvalho Fábio Luiz Oliveira , Fraga Francielly Vieira
Published: August 2019

Os rins exercem funções fundamentais para a homeostase do corpo humano, caracterizadas como filtração, reabsorção, funções endocrinológicas e metabólicas. A desnutrição energético-proteica acomete a população com Insuficiência Renal Crônica devido aos distúrbios no metabolismo proteico e energético, alterações hormonais, deficiência na ingestão alimentar e estado de toxidade urêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir os achados de publicações que abordam fatores relacionados à desnutrição energético-proteica em pacientes com Insuficiência renal Crônica. A maior parte dos artigos encontrados comprovou que os pacientes com Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) possuem algum grau de desnutrição energético proteica.
EJACULAÇÃO INDUZIDA EM TOURO (BOS TAURUS INDICUS) POR ESTIMULAÇÃO MANUAL DO PÊNIS
Authors: Weiss Romildo Romualdo , Abreu Ana Claudia Machinski Rangel , Busato Eduarda Maciel , Bergstein Galan Tácia Gomes , Formighieri Bertol Melina Andrea , Bortoleto Caroline , Santana Siqueira de Lara Natália
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever a coleta de sêmen por estimulação manual do pênis em touro. Foi utilizado um touro da raça Nelore de 96 meses de idade não condicionado para nenhum método de coleta de sêmen. A técnica desenvolvida consistiu em massagem da região perineal até que o animal apresentasse ereção, seguida de pressão na glande até que o animal respondesse com movimentos de fricção. Durante a propulsão, o corpo do pênis era segurado e pressionado com os dedos, e o copo coletor era posicionado na extremidade livre do pênis para coleta do ejaculado. Após o condicionamento do animal, pelo período de três meses, foram coletados cinco ejaculados em intervalos regulares para avaliação macro e microscópica e pH. Todas as amostras apresentaram aspecto cremoso e branco. O volume médio foi de 6,5 ± 1,17ml, a motilidade progressiva média 83 ± 4,47%, o vigor 5, o turbilhonamento 5, o pH 6,05 ± 0,09, a concentração espermática 1,475x109 ± 0,32x109 por ml, o número total de espermatozoides 9,87x109 ± 3,64x109 por ejaculado e a média de espermatozoides anormais totais foi de 9,6 ± 2,07%. O tempo médio de duração das coletas foi de 176,2 ± 12,93 segundos. A partir da análise dos resultados, conclui-se que a estimulação manual do pênis pode representar uma alternativa para a coleta de sêmen no touro.
De conflitos domésticos a mudanças sistêmicas: A política externa de Angola de 1975 a 2002
Authors: Fortes Ana Rachel Simões
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as tendências e as mudanças da política externa angolana de 1975 até 2002. Por meio das variáveis doméstica (guerra civil) e sistêmica (fim da Guerra Fria), busca-se identificar como essas variáveis influenciaram na condução de sua política externa. Para tal, o marco temporal a ser investigado está dividido em dois períodos. Entre 1975 a 1991, período em que o governo angolano empreendeu sua política externa na busca de estratégias para sua estabilidade doméstica. De 1992 a 2002, pós- Guerra Fria, marcado em termos políticos, pela primeiras eleições legislativas e presidenciais de Angola, enquanto em termos econômicos representou a passagem de uma economia centralizada, deixando o governo de ser o principal agente, para uma ampla abertura econômica. Como resultado inaugurou-se uma nova postura em relação às tomadas de decisão no que se refere às projeções de sua política externa.
Securitização do Crime Organizado Transnacional na América do Sul e o Surgimento de Novas Ameaças
Authors: Chichoski Alessandro Luiz
Published: August 2019

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o surgimento de novas ameaças e suas evoluções no contexto internacional, mas principalmente nos países da América do Sul, onde estão sendo objetos de estudos epistemológicos, teórico conceitual e analítico. Dentre estas ameaças, abordaremos por meio dos Estudos desenvolvidos pela Escola de Copenhague sobre securitização, a necessidade de securitizar o Crime Organizado Transnacional através de estratégias políticas nas áreas de segurança pública e defesa desenvolvidas pelos países sul-americanos, principalmente pelo fato do COT atentar contra as democracias e a paz social no subcontinente.
PATRIMÔNIO E CIDADE: UMA LEITURA GEOGRÁFICA DA CIDADE DE BELÉM DO PARÁ
Authors: Tavares Maria Goretti Da Costa
Published: August 2019

Os roteiros culturais e ou turísticos apresentam-se como relevantes para a valorização do patrimônio local, possibilitando um amplo debate da valorização do lugar e a ressignificação do turismo. Este artigo apresenta a importância de roteiros e ou percursos urbanos que valorizem a apresentem o patrimônio cultural local, seja material ou imaterial, objetivando demonstrar a importância do direito a cultura, ao patrimônio e acidade. Apresenta-se a experiência teórica metodológica da experiência de um projeto de roteiro a pé na cidade de Belém do Pará, pautado no conhecimento geográfico como carro chefe da interpretação da cidade. Como resultado configura-se uma proposta que possui a perspectiva do direito à cultura, demonstrando a importância e necessidade de se conhecer e valorizar o patrimônio cultural, e que se coloca como instrumento imprescindível para viabilização da participação social e atuação conjunta entre população e poder público na valorização das cidades.
AS TRANSFORMAÇÕES OCORRIDAS NO ESPAÇO AGRÁRIO DO MUNICÍPIO DE PINHAL GRANDE/RS - 1993-2017: OS REFLEXOS NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Dallanôra Ivani Belenice , Bezzi Meri Lourdes
Published: August 2019

Com o processo de modernização da agricultura brasileira ocorrida após a década de 1960, o espaço agrário vem passando por significativas transformações estruturais e socioeconômicas. No entanto, a organização das atividades no interior da agricultura familiar vem sendo diretamente alterada, sendo necessário uma nova reorganização desta categoria social. Buscando o entendimento desta afirmação este artigo possui como objetivo geral analisar as principais transformações ocorridas no espaço agrário do município de Pinhal Grande/RS no período de 1993-2017, identificando os reflexos diante da agricultura familiar. Especificamente objetivou-se (a) avaliar as transformações espaciais e técnicas presentes no espaço agrário ao longo da escala temporal analisada; (b) Conhecer  a organização da matriz produtiva e seus reflexos para o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar, (c) Identificar os impactos econômicos e sociais ocorridos no espaço rural do município. A metodologia foi organizada em torno das matrizes teóricas e da coleta de dados em fontes primárias (agricultores familiares e órgãos públicos) e secundárias (Censo Agropecuário e produção agrícola municipal). O trabalho desenvolvido permitiu elencar os elementos que influenciaram as transformações no espaço agrário do município, sobretudo a partir da modernização da agricultura e da expansão da cultura da soja. Neste contexto, os dados demonstram que a partir deste processo, o espaço agrário vem se organizando de forma contraditória, apresentando espaços dinâmicos, abrangendo a maior área territorial do município, onde predomina culturas comerciais, como a soja e a pecuária em propriedades familiares e não familiares e espaços em que a agricultura familiar “tenta” manter-se em áreas minifundiárias, tendo o fumo como principal cultura responsável por agregar renda na propriedade.
Expressões do (neo)extrativismo: uma leitura sobre a indústria da mineração em Adrianópolis (PR)
Authors: Komarcheski Rosilene
Published: August 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a configuração local que toma o neoextrativismo minerário no município de Adrianópolis-PR. Para tanto, utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental acerca do tema bem como de informações obtidas com a realização de entrevistas abertas com lideranças locais sobre o contexto da mineração na região. A análise se deu a partir das principais características do modelo neoextrativista conforme colocado por autores latinoamericanos em anos recentes, as quais foram complementadas de acordo com os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa para o contexto local. Como resultados principais obteve-se que o município tem se inserido em uma dinâmica neoextrativista, mas que este modelo se expressa de forma específica no local, tendo em vista aspectos socioambientais e político-econômicos que a singulariza diante das dinâmicas mais amplas que tomam o modelo na América Latina em anos recentes.