bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuclear spin noise tomography in three dimensions
Authors: Ginthör Stephan J. , Schlagnitweit Judith , Bechmann Matthias , Müller Norbert
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We report three-dimensional spin noise imaging (SNI) of nuclear spin density from spin noise data acquired by Faraday detection. Our approach substantially extends and improves the two-dimensional SNI method for excitation-less magnetic resonance tomography reported earlier. (Müller, N. and Jerschow, A.: Nuclear spin noise imaging, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 103(18), 6790–6792, doi:10.1073/pnas.0601743103, 2006.) This proof of principle was achieved by taking advantage of the particular continuous nature of spin noise acquired in the presence of constant magnitude magnetic field gradients and recent advances in nuclear spin noise spectroscopy acquisition as well as novel processing techniques. In this type of projection-reconstruction based spin noise imaging the trade-off between signal-to-noise ratio (or image contrast) and resolution can be adjusted a posteriori during processing of the original time domain data by iterative image reconstruction in a unique way not possible in conventional rf-pulse dependent MRI. The 3D SNI is demonstrated as a proof of concept on a commercial 700 MHz high resolution NMR spectrometer, using a 3D-printed polymeric phantom immersed in water.
Brief communication: Seasonal prediction of salinity intrusion in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Apel Heiko , Khiem Mai , Quan Nguyen Hong , Toan To Quang
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Mekong Delta is the most important food production
area in Vietnam, but salinity intrusion during the dry season poses a
serious threat to agricultural production and livelihoods. A seasonal
forecast of salinity intrusion is required in order to mitigate the negative
effects. This communication presents a statistical seasonal forecast model
based on logistic regression using either the ENSO34 index or streamflow as
a predictor. The model is able to reliably predict the salinity intrusion up to 9
months ahead (receiver operating characteristic (ROC) scores: >0.8). The model can
thus be used operationally as a basis for timely adaptation and mitigation
planning.
Seismic hazard maps of Peshawar District for various return periods
Authors: Mahmood Khalid , Ahmad Naveed , Khan Usman , Iqbal Qaiser
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Peshawar District has been
performed for a grid size of 0.01∘. The seismic sources for the target location are defined as the area polygon with uniform seismicity. The earthquake catalogue was developed based on the earthquake data obtained from different worldwide seismological networks and historical records. The earthquake events obtained at different magnitude scales were converted into moment magnitude using indigenous catalogue-specific regression relationships. The homogenized catalogue was subdivided into shallow crustal and deep-subduction-zone earthquake events. The seismic source parameters were obtained using the bounded Gutenberg–Richter recurrence law. Seismic hazard maps were prepared for peak horizontal acceleration at bedrock level using different ground motion attenuation relationships. The study revealed the selection of an appropriate ground motion prediction equation is crucial for defining the seismic hazard of Peshawar District. The inclusion of deep subduction earthquakes does not add significantly to the seismic hazard for design base ground motions. The seismic hazard map developed for shallow crustal earthquakes, including also the epistemic uncertainty, was in close agreement with the map given in the Building Code of Pakistan Seismic Provisions (2007) for a return period of 475 years on bedrock. The seismic hazard maps for other return periods i.e., 50, 100, 250, 475 and 2500 years, are also presented.
Relationship between microstructures and resistance in mafic assemblages that deform and transform
Authors: Mansard Nicolas , Stünitz Holger , Raimbourg Hugues , Précigout Jacques , Plunder Alexis , Nègre Lucille
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Syn-kinematic mineral reactions play an important role for the mechanical properties of polymineralic rocks. Mineral reactions (i.e. nucleation of new phases) may lead to grain size reduction producing fine-grained polymineralic mixtures, which have a strongly reduced viscosity because of the activation of grain-size sensitive deformation processes. In order to study the effect of deformation-reaction feedback(s) on sample strength, we performed rock deformation experiments on wet assemblages of mafic compositions in a Griggs-type solid-medium deformation apparatus. Shear strain was applied at constant strain rate (10−5 s−1) and constant confining pressure (1 GPa) with temperatures ranging from 800 to 900 °C. At low shear strain, the assemblages that react faster are significantly weaker than the ones that react more slowly, demonstrating that reaction progress has a first-order control on rock strength. With increasing strain, we document two contrasting microstructural scenarios: (1) the development of a single through-going high-strain-zone of well-mixed, fine-grained aggregates, associated with a significant weakening after peak stress and (2) the development of partially connected, nearly monomineralic shear bands without major weakening. The lack of weakening is caused by the absence of interconnected well-mixed aggregates of fine-grained reaction products. The nature of the reaction products, and hence the intensity of the mechanical weakening, is controlled by the microstructures of the reaction products to a large extent, e.g., the amount of amphibole and the phase distribution of reaction products. The samples with the largest amount of amphibole exhibit a larger grain size and show less weakening. In addition to their implications for the deformation of natural shear zones, our findings demonstrate that the feedback between deformation and mineral reactions can lead to large differences in mechanical strength, even at relatively small initial differences in mineral composition.
Redefining the Pedagogy: Service-Learning in Libraries and Archives
Authors: Scott Elizabeth M
Published: June 2020

Service-learning has become an established pedagogy in higher education classrooms. With a push in recent years to offer classroom experiences that offer more than static lectures, service-learning incorporates three main elements into its model; experiential learning, contribution to the community, and reflection which merges theory with practice for a unique learning experience. Service-learning can also be found in early models of library science education. This article will highlight service-learning projects in both libraries and archives that used innovative methods to create partnerships in the community. It will also argue that both libraries and archives should not be overlooked when considering these projects and can be valuable resources for successful service-learning partnerships.
Playing as Argument Architects: Bridging a Learning Gap in the Research Process
Authors: Nelson Elizabeth , Spencer Brett
Published: June 2020

This article reports on the design process and initial results of a project to create a board game, Argument Architect, that bridges the gap between librarians’ and students’ understanding of research and rhetoric. Some students perceive research as a step-by-step, linear process; in contrast, however, most librarians view it as an iterative, dynamic activity. In order to use Argument Architect as a springboard to a classroom conversation, we designed it to avoid the competitive/destructive nature of most board games in favor of a cooperative/constructive schema that fostered a flowing, playful, and reflective dialog between students and librarians about the “messy” nature of research. We also kept in mind our practical needs, as instruction librarians, for a game with flexibility, scalability, portability, and intuitive play that we could efficiently deploy multiple times in composition classes with different class lengths and assignments. We share details and images of the game in multiple stages of development, student and instructor reactions, and future plans.
Phenomena of Cultural Intelligence in Pennsylvania Libraries: A Research Study
Authors: Villagran Michele A. L.
Published: June 2020

This article describes a mixed methods research study of current Pennsylvania librarians to understand the phenomena of cultural intelligence within Pennsylvania libraries. The researcher surveyed Pennsylvania Library Association membership in September 2019. Survey participants took a cultural intelligence assessment, responded to qualitative questions, and addressed demographic questions. Overall, participants had varying levels of cultural intelligence, felt that cultural intelligence was important to their organizations and found value in its application. The results can inform library professionals and human resources about the importance of incorporation of cultural intelligence within everyday practices and communication with staff within libraries. Developing cultural intelligence through training and other activities will also impact the communities in which we serve. Best practices with cultural intelligence should be recorded and shared with other Pennsylvania libraries.
Librarian Fascination and Student Confusion with “RE” words: Research, Reference, Resources, and Reserves
Authors: Lynn Valerie A , Imler Bonnie
Published: June 2020

Student confusion regarding the use of library jargon on websites, during instruction sessions, and in conversation is nothing new; however, four commonly used terms have recently lost context both inside and outside of the library setting. Coincidently, all four words begin with “RE”: research, reference, resources, and reserves. By asking our students what they believe these “RE” words mean, we were able to get a clearer indication of their perceptions and specific information needs. We believe that finding a common linguistic foundation with limited library jargon reduces barriers and promotes student comprehension and satisfaction.
El robo y su castigo o penitencia medieval en el contexto del Ms. Esc. K-III-4
Authors: Zubillaga Carina
Published: June 2020

La compleja relación del crimen con el pecado y del castigo con la penitencia en el ámbito cristiano medieval occidental se analizará a partir del caso particular del robo en el contexto del Ms. Esc. K-III-4 (Libro de Apolonio, Vida de Santa María Egipciaca, Libro de los tres reyes de Oriente), para dar cuenta de la prevalencia de la penitencia sobre el castigo como un mensaje ejemplar que testimonia la problemática tanto espiritual como más ampliamente social del pecado.
Juego de Tronos, personajes femeninos y polémicas mediáticas. Estudio de recepción entre la audiencia hispanohablante
Authors: Grandío-Pérez María-del-Mar , Establés María-José , Guerrero-Pico Mar
Published: June 2020

Como fenómeno global, Juego de Tronos acumula un gran seguimiento entre las audiencias hispanohablantes. Nuestro objetivo es explorar cómo es la recepción y características de las audiencias castellanoparlantes a propósito de algunas de las reacciones y polémicas mediáticas que rodean a la serie, a menudo centradas en muestras de violencia explícita contra las mujeres y el tratamiento estereotipado de los personajes femeninos. El análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de 1.492 respuestas de 18 países hispanohablantes al cuestionario online de The Game of Thrones Audience Project muestra un escenario lleno de matices. Los resultados revelan un amplio seguimiento femenino y adulto de los debates generados por la serie y sugieren una comprensión compleja de sus principios narrativos. La audiencia considera que la serie exhibe un discurso empoderador para las mujeres si bien recalca que este protagonismo de los personajes femeninos está ligado a la representación de violencia de género.
Mujeres profesionales en TVE de la dictadura a la democracia. El caso de Blanca Álvarez.
Authors: Cascajosa Virino Concepción
Published: June 2020

El artículo analiza la labor profesional realizada por Blanca Álvarez en Televisión Española. Los objetivos principales son definir la situación de las mujeres en el medio televisivo desde la dictadura a la democracia y mostrar los procesos de su acceso y avance profesional. La elección de Blanca Álvarez como estudio de caso se justifica por su temprana incorporación a Televisión Española (1958), así como ser la primera mujer en tener un cargo directivo. El estudio de su trayectoria es, por tanto, relevante para reflexionar sobre los márgenes establecidos por el régimen franquista a las mujeres en el ámbito de los medios audiovisuales.
REVOLUCIÓN FLEXNERIANA Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LA EDUCACIÓN MÉDICA
Authors: Pereira Reyes Xiomara
Published: June 2020

La evolución de la educación médica en América tiene un momento clave en la historia, definido con el estudio de las escuelas de medicina de Estados Unidos y Canadá realizado por Abraham Flexner en 1910, el cual dividió en su momento a la educación médica en una etapa pre-flexneriana y post-flexneriana. Este estudio caracterizó al sistema educativo médico en Estados Unidos como un sistema deficiente, carente de regulación y sin estándares establecidos. La medicina, enseñada y ejercida con pocos principios científicos representaba un impor- tante problema de salud y seguridad poblacional. Ante este panorama, la Asociación Americana de Medicina decide promover una evaluación de la mayoría de las escuelas de medicina con el fin de proponer cambios en el sistema educativo médico. Flexner, un teórico educativo, realiza el análisis curricular, de evaluación y prácticas ejerci- das en 155 centros educativos. De su reporte se desprende la propuesta conocida como Revolución Flexneriana la cual hace tambalear el sistema educativo médico en Norteamérica en 1910. Enfatizando falta de estandarización, integración, investigación y deficiencia de la formación de médicos con identidad profesional, Flexner propuso cambios que en su momento llegaron a regir la enseñanza de los médicos en Norteamérica. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando búsqueda manual en PubMed y Google Scholar para hacer descripcion de los aspectos históricos de la educación médica en Norteamérica, su influencia en Latinoamérica y la prevalencia actual de la integración curricular en muchas escuelas de medicina.
Chemical Variations in Hydrothermal White Mica Across the Highland Valley Porphyry Cu-Mo District, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Alva-Jimenez Tatiana , Tosdal Richard M. , Dilles John H. , Dipple Gregory , Kent Adam J.R. , Halley Scott
Published: June 2020

Hydrothermal white mica in the Highland Valley district, British Columbia, is present in high-temperature alteration assemblages in early halo veins and in intermediate-temperature sericitic alteration assemblages in D-type veins. Pale-gray white micas characterize early halo veins in the Valley and Bethsaida zone porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, whereas pale-green white micas form texturally similar vein halos along the margin of the Valley deposit and at the Alwin vein. White micas in the Bethlehem porphyry Cu-Mo deposit form part of a sericitic alteration assemblage associated with D-type veins that overprinted K-silicate–altered rocks. Cation compositions in white micas indicate phengitic compositions trending toward aluminoceladonite. Pale-gray phengitic white micas intergrown with bornite-chalcopyrite-molybdenite contain elevated Na, indicating higher formation temperatures than those that characterize phengitic white micas formed during hydrolytic alteration. Bethlehem phengitic white micas have cation compositions similar to those of pale-green phengitic white micas at the Valley deposit margin, Bethsaida zone margin, and the Alwin vein. The Al-OH absorption wavelengths in pale-gray phengitic white micas are shorter than in pale-green phengitic white mica or phengitic white mica in the sericitic assemblage. In the phengitic white micas, alkali elements substituting in the interlayered site are positively correlated, whereas higher-valence elements substituting into the octahedral site show a greater variability. The data confirms that hydrothermal white-mica chemistry varies between paragenetic stages of a porphyry Cu deposit and between multiple porphyry deposits in a district.
Kidney cancer survivorship care: Patient experiences in a Canadian setting
Authors: Rai Yeshith , Zheng Shiyu , Chappell Heather , Pulandiran Menaka , Jones Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The incidence of kidney cancer (KCa) in Canada is rising. Despite this, there is a shortage of research assessing KCa care experiences. This study aims to explore the current experiences of KCa survivors related to treatment and management, information provision, and barriers to care.

Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study of KCa patients was conducted online and through various cancer centers across Canada. English- and French-speaking adults who received a KCa diagnosis and were currently undergoing treatment or had completed treatment in Canada were eligible to participate.

Results: In total, 368 surveys were completed. Ten percent of respondents had not yet received treatment, 29% were receiving treatment, and 56% had completed treatment. Most respondents (72%) had localized KCa (stage 0–3) at diagnosis. Sixty-one percent of respondents reported that their doctors discussed various treatment options with them and 24% reported discussing applicable clinical trials. Most (85%) respondents received information about their KCa and 36% discussed where to get information about their disease and support. The most commonly reported barriers to care were side effects (26%), system delays (26%), not having access to certain treatments (25%), and financial burden (24%). More participants in Central Region and Quebec (p=0.004) and rural/suburban (p=0.014) areas reported lacking access to certain treatments and KCa experts.

Conclusions: This was the first large-scale study to explore access to care experiences of Canadian KCa survivors. Results show examples of good patient-centered care and provide new practical information that can inform efforts to improve patient-centered care for KCa patients.
Current status of wet lab and cadaveric simulation in urological training: A systematic review
Authors: Al-Jabir Ahmed , Aydin Abdullatif , Al-Jabir Hussain , Khan M. Shamim , Dasgupta Prokar , Ahmed Kamran
Published: June 2020

Introduction: We undertook a systematic review of the use of wet lab (animal and cadaveric) simulation models in urological training, with an aim to establishing a level of evidence (LoE) for studies and level of recommendation (LoR) for models, as well as evaluating types of validation.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for English-language studies using search terms including a combination of surgery, surgical training, and medical education. These results were combined with wet lab, animal model, cadaveric, and in-vivo. Studies were then assigned a LoE and LoR if appropriate as per the education-modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine classification.

Results: A total of 43 articles met the inclusion criteria. There was a mean of 23.1 (±19.2) participants per study with a median of 20. Overall, the studies were largely of low quality, with 90.7% of studies being lower than 2a LoE (n=26 for LoE 2b and n=13 for LoE 3). The majority (72.1%, n=31) of studies were in animal models and 27.9% (n=12) were in cadaveric models.

Conclusions: Simulation in urological education is becoming more prevalent in the literature, however, there is a focus on animal rather than cadaveric simulation, possibly due to cost and ethical considerations. Studies are also predominately of a low LoE; more higher LoEs, especially randomized controlled studies, are needed.
Enkele fiscale aspecten van vruchtgebruik van privévermogen
Authors: van de Ven K.M.L.L.
Published: June 2020

Enkele fiscale aspecten van vruchtgebruik van privé-vermogen

Binnen Europa zijn vruchtgebruikconstructies, al dan niet tijdens leven van de vruchtgebruiker gecreëerd, zeer populair om vermogen over te hevelen. Nederland lijkt hierop de uitzondering te vormen. De nadelige fiscale consequenties van een tijdens leven gevestigd vruchtgebruik liggen daaraan ten grondslag. De auteur gaat in op de Nederlandse fiscale gevolgen van enkele voorbeelden van vruchtgebruikadvisering aan Nederbelgen.
Is de verwerping van een nalatenschap een gift?
Authors: Kolkman W.D.
Published: June 2020

Is de verwerping van een nalatenschap een gift?

De verwerping van een nalatenschap kan een gift behelzen. Deze kan een rol spelen bij de legitieme portie in de nalatenschap van de verwerper. De verwerping heeft ook op andere terreinen mogelijk vergaande gevolgen.
Pitfalls in the research of the axiological area: the values clarification method
Authors: Remiszewska Zofia
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the issues of pitfalls in the research of the axiological area, with particular emphasis on the values clarification method. The main purpose of the article is to find the answer to the question: What pitfalls may be avoided by a researcher who deals with the clarification method in order to successfully complete the research process? The text contains short characteristics of the values clarification method and discusses pitfalls waiting for the researcher of the effects of this method. The article notes that in scientific research in the field of education, knowledge of pedagogical research methodology is important, but equally important is the researcher’s pedagogical experience resulting from practice. It may be an asset for the researcher who can then avoid the pitfalls of research. The article makes clear that there is a need to identify these pitfalls, and avoiding them can give proper meaning to research conclusions.
Different does not mean worse: anti-discrimination at school
Authors: Rola Beata
Published: June 2020

The education reform implemented since September 1, 2017 has caused a great confusion in society. The first issue is the educational value of actions taken at school. In accordance with the provisions of educational law, upbringing means supporting a child in development towards full maturity in the physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual and social sphere, and should be strengthened and supplemented by activities in the field of prevention of children and youth (art. 1, item 3 of the Education Law Act). New educational and preventive programs are being created in educational institutions, and should refer to the content of the new core curriculum. What priorities will be included in these programs depends on the creative activities of teachers. The article is an attempt to reflect on the important tasks of school in the context of equality education, resulting from the belief that “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”. (Art. 1. of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights). The reflection presented refers to both legal and ethical aspects of the teacher's work. It describes the methodological solutions that can be used in the class's educational program or the school's preventive and educational program. Teacher support in the area of anti-discrimination activities is a response to the need to promote at schools equal treatment and respect in a socially diverse world.
Nebenbei, mobil und ohne Ziel? Eine Mehrmethodenstudie zu Nachrichtennutzung und -verständnis von jungen Erwachsenen
Authors: Kümpel Anna Sophie
Published: June 2020

Prozesse der Nachrichten- und Informationsnutzung haben sich in den letzten Jahren gewandelt - insbesondere bei jungen Erwachsenen. So suggerieren die Dominanz des Smartphones sowie die Popularität sozialer Medien in dieser Altersgruppe, dass die Nutzung von Nachrichten zunehmend durch den situativen und sozialen Kontext geprägt sowie abhängig(er) von „zufälligen“ Kontakten mit einzelnen Beiträgen wird. Derzeit fehlt es jedoch an Erkenntnissen dazu, ob und inwiefern sich Zusammenhänge zwischen den Charakteristika der Nachrichtenerfahrung in gegenwärtigen Informationsumgebungen und dem Stellenwert von Nachrichten im Alltag von Nutzer*innen zeigen. Insbesondere ist unklar, ob und inwiefern (neue) Nutzungspraktiken auch das grundlegende Verständnis von Nachrichten herausfordern. Die Studie untersucht daher, wie junge Erwachsene heute „Nachrichten“ definieren und welche Nutzungspraktiken und -gewohnheiten ihren Umgang mit tagesaktuellen Informationen kennzeichnen. Methodisch wird auf eine Kombination aus einer via WhatsApp realisierten Tagebuchstudie sowie qualitativen Interviews mit insgesamt 47 Studierenden im Alter von 18 bis 24 Jahren gesetzt. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf den geringen Stellenwert, den Nachrichten im Alltag selbst hochgebildeter junger Menschen einnehmen. Sie zeigen zudem die Schwierigkeit, „Nachrichten(-nutzung)“ zu definieren, sowie die Divergenzen zwischen normativ geprägten Ansprüchen an „gute“ Nachrichten und eigenen Nutzungserfahrungen.
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy: Genetics and Trials
Authors: Warner Robin
Published: June 2020

A complex combination of molecular pathways and cell interactions causes facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Several new therapies pose a promising solution to this disease with no cure. This chapter aims to explain the genetics of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and review the current clinical trials for the treatment of FSHD.
Patient Satisfaction and Quality of Life Before and After Treatment of Pancreatic and Periampullary Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Mackay Tara M. , van Rijssen Lennart B. , Andriessen Jurr O. , Suker Mustafa , Creemers Geert-Jan , Eskens Ferry A. , de Hingh Ignace H. , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V. , Sprangers Mirjam A.G. , Busch Olivier R. , Wilmink Johanna W. , van Eijck Casper H. , Besselink Marc G. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. , _ _
Published: June 2020

Background: This study sought to assess patient satisfaction and quality of life (QoL) before and after treatment of pancreatic and periampullary cancer. Methods: We conducted a prospective multicenter study of patients treated for pancreatic and periampullary cancer. General patient satisfaction was measured using the EORTC satisfaction with care questionnaire (IN-PATSAT32) at baseline and 3 months after treatment initiation, with a 10-point change on the Likert scale considered clinically meaningful. QoL was measured using the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). The influence of treatment (curative and palliative) on patient satisfaction and QoL was determined. Results: Of 100 patients, 71 completed follow-up questionnaires. General satisfaction with care decreased from 74.3 before treatment to 61.9 after treatment (P<.001), whereas global QoL increased from 68.4 to 71.4 (P=.39). Clinically meaningful reductions were also observed for the reported interpersonal skills of doctors (from 73.4 to 63.3) and exchange of information within the care team (from 63.5 to 52.5). Satisfaction scores were lower for patients treated with curative intent than for those treated with palliative intent regarding interpersonal skills of doctors (P=.01), information provision by doctors (P=.004), information provision by nurses (P=.02), availability of nurses (P=.004), exchange of information within the care team (P=.01), and hospital access (P=.02). In multivariable analysis, clinicopathologic or QoL factors were not independently associated with general patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Satisfaction with care, but not QoL, decreased after pancreatic cancer treatment. Improvements in communication and interpersonal skills are needed to maintain patient satisfaction after treatment.
Treatment of Stage IV Colon Cancer in the United States: A Patterns-of-Care Analysis
Authors: Gao Xiang , Kahl Amanda R. , Goffredo Paolo , Lin Albert Y. , Vikas Praveen , Hassan Imran , Charlton Mary E.
Published: June 2020

Background:National guidelines recommend chemotherapy as the mainstay of treatment for stage IV colon cancer, with primary tumor resection (PTR) reserved for patients with symptomatic primary or curable disease. The aims of this study were to characterize the treatment modalities received by patients with stage IV colon cancer and to determine the patient-, tumor-, and hospital-level factors associated with those treatments.Methods:Patients diagnosed with stage IV colon cancer in 2014 were extracted from the SEER Patterns of Care initiative. Treatments were categorized into chemotherapy only, PTR only, PTR + chemotherapy, and none/unknown.Results:The total weighted number of cases was 3,336; 17% of patients received PTR only, 23% received chemotherapy only, 41% received PTR + chemotherapy, and 17% received no treatment. In multivariable analyses, compared with chemotherapy only, PTR + chemotherapy was associated with being married (odds ratio [OR], 1.9), having bowel obstruction (OR, 2.55), and having perforation (OR, 2.29), whereas older age (OR, 5.95), Medicaid coverage (OR, 2.46), higher T stage (OR, 3.51), and higher N stage (OR, 6.77) were associated with PTR only. Patients who received no treatment did not have more comorbidities or more severe disease burden but were more likely to be older (OR, 3.91) and non-Hispanic African American (OR, 2.92; allP<.05). Treatment at smaller, nonacademic hospitals was associated with PTR (± chemotherapy).Conclusions:PTR was included in the treatment regimen for most patients with stage IV colon cancer and was associated with smaller, nonacademic hospitals. Efforts to improve guideline implementation may be beneficial in these hospitals and also in non-Hispanic African American and older populations.
Serial Assessment of Urinary Incontinence in Breast Cancer Survivors Undergoing (Neo)Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: Chung Christopher P. , Behrendt Carolyn , Wong Louise , Flores Sarah , Mortimer Joanne E.
Published: June 2020

Background: Among breast cancer survivors, urinary incontinence (UI) is often attributed to cancer therapy. We prospectively assessed urinary symptoms before and after (neo)adjuvant treatment of early-stage breast cancer. Methods: With consent, women with stage I–III breast cancer completed the Urogenital Distress Inventory and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire before and 3 months after initiating (neo)adjuvant therapy. Patients with UI were at least slightly bothered by urinary symptoms. If UI was present pretreatment, it was considered prevalent; if UI was new or worse at 3 months posttreatment, it was considered incident; if prevalent UI was no worse at 3 months posttreatment, it was considered stable. Ordinal logistic regression models identified characteristics associated with the level of prevalent UI and with the degree of UI impact on quality of life (QoL). Results: On pretreatment surveys, participants (N=203; age 54.5 ± 11.4 years) reported 79.8% prevalence of UI, including overactive bladder (29.1%), stress incontinence (10.8%), or both (39.9%). The level of prevalent UI increased with body mass index (BMI; P<.05). Of 163 participants assessed at both time points, incident UI developed in 12 of 32 patients without prevalent UI and 27 of 131 patients with prevalent UI. Regardless of whether UI was prevalent (n=162), incident (n=39), or stable (n=94) at QoL assessment, the impact of UI increased (P<.01) with the number and severity of UI symptoms, subjective urinary retention, and BMI. Adjusted for those characteristics, incident UI had less impact on QoL (P<.05) than did prevalent or stable UI. Conclusions: We found that UI is highly prevalent at breast cancer diagnosis and that new or worsened UI is common after (neo)adjuvant therapy. Because UI often impairs QoL, appropriate treatment strategies are needed.
Effects of Postoperative Radiotherapy on Survival of Patients With Stage IIIA Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Analysis of the SEER Database
Authors: Gao Fei , Li Nan , Xu YongMei , Yang GuoWang
Published: June 2020

Background:The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with resected stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of PORT on survival of these patients.Methods:Patients aged ≥18 years with stage IIIA NSCLC were identified in the SEER database from 2010 through 2015. Cox regression analysis was used to identify independant prognostic factors in patients with stage IIIA NSCLC. Subgroup analysis of patients stratified by N stage was also performed. Overall survival and lung cancer–related death were compared among the different groups by using Kaplan-Meier analysis and competitive risk analysis.Results:A total of 5,168 patients (1,711 of whom received PORT) were included in the study. In multivariable analysis, PORT was an independent prognostic risk factor for patients with N1 stage (hazard ratio [HR], 1.416, 95% CI, 1.144–1.753;P=.001). PORT was a favorable prognostic factor for patients with stage IIIA, N2 disease with ≥6 positive lymph nodes (HR, 0.742; 95% CI, 0.587–0.938;P=.012). Median survival time of patients with stage IIIA, N2 disease with ≥6 positive lymph nodes who received postoperative chemotherapy combined with PORT was significantly longer compared with those who received postoperative chemotherapy alone (32 vs 25 months, respectively;P=.009). The competitive risk model revealed that 3- and 5-year lung cancer–related mortality rates increased by 8.99% and 16.92%, respectively, in patients with N1 disease who were treated with PORT, whereas the 3-year mortality rate decreased by 4.67% and the 5-year mortality rate by 10.08% in patients with N2 disease and ≥6 positive lymph nodes who were treated using PORT.Conclusions:Our results revealed that PORT significantly improved overall survival and decreased lung cancer–related mortality in patients with stage IIIA, N2 disease with ≥6 positive lymph node metastases. PORT was not recommended for patients with N0 and N1 disease.
ANALIZA KORELACIJE MORFOMETRIJSKIH KARAKTERISTIKA TALAMUSA I INTENZITETA POREMEĆAJA PAŽNJE I HIPERAKTIVITETA ODRASLIH
Authors: Stojanović Zlatan , Vukadinović Stojanović Sanja , Macanović Gordana
Published: June 2020

Uvod: Prefrontalni asocijativni korteks je sjedište izvršnih funkcija ("executive functions") među kojima je ipažnja. Preko talamičke radijacije i pedunculi thalami anterior, talamus je u značajnoj mjeri povezan sa čeonimrežnjem i zonama koje regulišu izvršne funkcije i pažnju. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita uloga talamusa ukontroli i modulaciji psihičke funkcije pažnje posmatranjem korelacije veličine talamusa i intenzitetapsihopatoloških fenomena kod pacijenata sa poremećajem pažnje i hiperaktivitetom odraslih (ADHD) (F90.0).Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo ukupno trideset i jednu osobu oboljelu od poremećaja pažnje ihiperaktiviteta odraslih (ADHD). Dijagnoza poremećaja pažnje je postavljana na osnovu DSM-V kriterijuma, aintenzitet pormećaja je procjenjivan primjenom skale za procjenu intenziteta poremećaja pažnje i hiperaktivitetaodraslih (Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) Symptom Checklist). Veličina talamusa određivana je naaksijalnim nekontrasnim CT snimcima na površini najvećeg poprečnog presjeka primjenom AutoCAD 2007digitalne morfometrije. Statistički podaci su obrađivani u SPSS 16.0 programskom paketu. Statistički zaključciizneseni su na osnovu dvosmjernog p < 0.05. Rezultati: Uočili smo negativnu korelaciju površine najvećegpoprečnog presjeka talamusa lijevo i intenziteta poremećaja pažnje (regresioni koeficijent B = -0.042, p =0.009). Negativna korelacija površine najvećeg poprečnog presjeka talamusa i intenziteta poremećaja pažnjeuočena je i na desnoj hemisferi mozga (regresioni koeficijent B = -0.027, p = 0.012). Ispitivanjem povezanostiobima presjeka talamusa i intenziteta poremećaja pažnje, nije uočena statistički značajna korelacija obostrano(p > 0.05). Zaključak: Rezultati našeg istraživanja ukazuju da je veći intenzitet poremećaja pažnje bio udružensa manjim presjekom talamusa. Nalazi u literaturi koji negiraju takvu povezanost obavezuju nas na istraživanjesuptilnijih mehanizama regulacije psihičke funkcije pažnje od strane talamusa i drugih regiona mozga.
DELUZIONI POREMEĆAJ – SOMATSKI TIP
Authors: Softić Rusmir , Osmanović Sadina , Mirković Hajdukov Mitra , Bećirović Elvir
Published: June 2020

Deluzioni poremećaj spada u kategoriju psihotičnih poremećaja. Nekada smatran rijetkim, u psolejdnjevrijeme pomjeren je u centar kliničke pažnje. Još uvijek nema dokaza o efikasnom tretmanu ovog poreećaja.Somatski tip deluzionog poremećaja je posebno intrigantan jer pacijenti odbijaju prihvatiti da su psihičkioboljeli i, po pravilu se protive psihijatrijskom liječenju. Prikaz slučaja: pacijent dobi od 40 godina primljen jena Kliniku za psihijatriju sa tegobama vezanim uz somatske sisteme. Čvrsto je vjerovao da ima intracerebralnuaneurizmu. Predhodno je podvrgavan obimnim medicinskim ispitivanjima i pregledima koji su bili negativni.Započet je tretman sa malim dozama risperidona i paroksetina bez ikakvog pozitivnog učinka tokom tri sedmiceliječenja. Pacijent je insisitrao na otpustu navodeći da želi biti podvrgnut detaljnijim dijagnostičkimprocedurama. Nakon otpusta prekinuo je sa medikacijom i nije se pojavio na zakazanim kontrolnim pregledima.Zaključak: iako rijedak, somatski tip deluzionog poremećaja je prisutan u kliničkoj praksi, posebno nanepsihijatrijskim odjeljenjima. S obzirom na teškoću prihvaćanja psihičkog porijekla tegoba, očekivan jejednostrani prekid terapijskog odnosa od strane pacijenta.
Restrictions and boundaries in the Russian information law
Authors: Kamalova Gulfiia Gafiiatovna
Published: June 2020

The subject of this research is the system of legal norms of the Russian Federation that regulates public relations within the process of restriction of the constitutionally recognized information rights and liberties of a human and citizen, as well as establishment of the boundaries of their realization in the current conditions of development of the information society and digitalization. The goal of this work is to develop theoretical foundations for information law through demarcation of boundaries and restrictions of the information rights and liberties, which would also contribute to improvement of information legislation and the practice of its application. The scientific novelty of research is reflected in the acquisition of scientific knowledge required for development of legal regulation of the information sphere in the conditions of digitalization, among which are the original definition of the concepts “boundaries of exercising rights in the information sphere” and “restrictions of information rights and liberties”, obtained based on the conducted analysis of the forming public relations within information sphere and their legal regulation. The following conclusions were made: 1) there is absence of research on the issues of boundaries of rights, including boundaries in information law; 2) there is a need for determination of boundaries of exercising right in the information sphere and restriction of information rights and liberties in implementation of legal regulation, as well as consideration of the legal nature of technical norms in their inclusion into a normative legal act.
Bioprinting and culture of tissues and organs in the BRICS countries (on the example of Brazil, India, China, and South Africa): approaches of legislation on intellectual property
Authors: Belikova Ksenia Michailovna
Published: June 2020

This article examines the legal regulation of bioprinting (3D printing) and culture of tissues and organs in the BRICS countries through the prism of protection of intellectual property. The work demonstrates the means of protection of results acquired at each stage of bioprinting by the norms of copyright and patent law, as well as touches on the questions of the need (possibility) for patenting of “bioprinters”, “bioinks”, “biopapers”, etc. The goal of this research is to determine the necessary and possible boundaries for patenting (copyright law protection) of the means, products, processes and their moral-ethical acceptance in the society. The novelty of this work consists in a comprehensive analysis of the approaches of BRICS countries towards development, legal formalization and protection of bioprinting and culture of tissues and organs as medical and non-medical technologies from the perspective of intellectual property law. The author attempts to answer the question of (non)patentability of the process (means) and result (product) of bioprinting of tissues and organs, the “bioprinters” themselves, as well as the “bioinks” and “biopapers” they use. With regards to (non)patentability of tissues and organs acquired through 3D printing, a conclusion is made that there is an unfavorable environment for their patenting, though their production, in the author’s opinion, should the right to patenting providing that they meet the criteria (other conditions) set by patenting law of a particular country.
Legal regulation of investment activity carried out using digital technologies
Authors: Sundetova Alina Nurlibaevna
Published: June 2020

The subject of this research is the norms of Russian law mediating investment activity that is carried out using digital technologies, development prospects for Russian legislation, as well as theoretical constructs proposed by Russian and foreign experts in development of the category of investing using digital technologies. Special attention in the process of development of legislation is given to the principle of technological neutrality. This author employed general scientific methods of structural-functional analysis and systemic approach, which allowed verifying the acquired results of the scientific research. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the legal relations emerging as a result of investing using digital technologies. A conclusion is made that digital technologies develop very rapidly, and thus, the legislator must describe the essential features of the mentioned phenomena and legal relations, and prescind from the current level of technology when possible.
Use of an Instrumented Ankle Arthrometer and External Strain Gauge to Assess Ankle Dorsiflexion Motion and Plantarflexor Stiffness
Authors: Needle Alan R. , McAlister Maurice K. , Felpel Zachary J. , McBride Jeffrey M.
Published: June 2020

Background

Ankle dorsiflexion motion and plantarflexor stiffness measurement offer clinical insight into the assessment and treatment of musculoskeletal and neurologic disorders. We aimed to determine reliability and concurrent validity of an ankle arthrometer in quantifying dorsiflexion motion and plantarflexor stiffness.

Methods

Ten healthy individuals were assessed for dorsiflexion motion and plantarflexor stiffness using an ankle arthrometer with a 6 degree-of-freedom kinematic linkage system and external strain gauge to apply dorsiflexion torque. Two investigators each performed five loads to the ankle at different combinations of loads (10 or 20 Nm), rates (2.5 or 5 Nm/sec), and knee angles (10° or 20°). Anteroposterior displacement and inversion-eversion rotation were also assessed with arthrometry, and functional dorsiflexion motion was assessed with the weightbearing lunge (WBL) test.

Results

Good-to-excellent intrarater reliability was observed for peak dorsiflexion (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC][2,k] = 0.949–0.988) and plantarflexor stiffness (ICC[2,k] = 0.761–0.984). Interrater reliability was good to excellent for peak dorsiflexion (ICC[2,1] = 0.766–0.910) and poor to excellent for plantarflexor stiffness (ICC[2,1] = 0.275–0.914). Reliability was best for 20-Nm loads at 5 Nm/sec. Strong correlations were observed between peak dorsiflexion and anteroposterior displacement (r = 0.666; P = 0.035) and WBL distance (r = -0.681; P = 0.036).

Conclusions

Using an ankle arthrometer to assess peak dorsiflexion and plantarflexor stiffness seems reliable when performed to greater torques with faster speeds; and offers consistency with functional measures. Use of this readily available tool may benefit clinicians attempting to quantify equinus and dorsiflexion deficits in pathological populations.
The Tromsø Recommendations for Citation of Research Data in Linguistics
Authors: Andreassen Helene N.
Published: June 2020

The Tromsø Recommendations for Citation of Research Data in Linguistics were published in 2019, with a twofold objective: To provide a guide on how to cite research data in linguistics according to good practices, and to contribute to making linguistics a more transparent science. This paper presents the rationale behind the recommendations as well as the development process. The goal is to demonstrate how collaboration, engagement, and different types of expertise are crucial factors to progress towards a culture of sharing of knowledge.
Advancing Palm Kernel Business in Nigeria through Effective Marketing
Authors: Ozimede Bossey, Felix , Sunday Udo, Joseph , Ihekoronye C. L.
Published: June 2020

Many Entrepreneurs just delve into business in the name of starting a business without first finding out the best production methodology for increase output and the various ways that the product and its bye products can be disposed for more profit. Palm kernel is a money spinning venture. The process involve in palm oil extraction from the palm fruit is still crude. Marketing starts with product idea generation. The research therefore is aimed at finding out the best palm kernel separation method that will give the highest production volume. This will eventually help the organization meet market demand that will lead to the desired sales volume/profit. Three palm kernel separation methods were carried out using 25 kg of palm kernel for each. Time taken for these operations was taken. Thorough put was calculated. The result obtained was that mechanical cracking machine with pneumatic separation has a faster operation time and higher output than two other separation methods. This study discovered about fourteen (14) potential business areas for investors and entrepreneurs in palm kernel ventures. A graph of annual palm kernel availability and price fluctuation was developed. The recommendations emanating from the analysis are: (1) Investors, entrepreneurs and processors are advised to go for mechanical cracking and pneumatic separation machine for efficiency and effectiveness (2) Buy palm kernel nut by April, May and June then sell off their stored palm kernel nut to make profit by September to October, and (3) Should reevaluate their investment on palm kernel business against the coming year by December.