bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le Musée social, de la Grande Guerre au Front populaire
Authors: Dreyfus Michel
Published: October 2014

La Grande Guerre ouvre une période de difficultés pour le Musée social qui voit ses ressources diminuer. Avec le retour à la paix et bientôt un nouveau président, Georges Risler, le Musée social prend ses distances avec le mouvement mutualiste mais continue d’être très proche du mouvement coopératif, surtout sa branche de la production. Il est également très actif dans le domaine de l’urbanisme et du logement.
The Power of Relationships in Leading
Authors: Bleich Michael R.
Published: October 2014

A key component of successful leadership is the network of relationships that create the foundation for influence, support, and capacity for change. This article presents a four-step formula developed by Al Ritter for approaching relationships.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(10):435–436.
Synthesizing Learning in a Workshop or Conference
Authors: Yoder-Wise Patricia S.
Published: October 2014

With an increased emphasis on elevating the level of learning in all settings, continuing educators have the opportunity to facilitate learners achieving more from workshops. Using the recommended assessment strategy of The Big Point/Big Question allows educators to respond to pending questions, clarify major learning points, and help learners actively engage in processing information presented in workshops or conferences.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(10):437–438.
Biología sintética: la ingeniería al asalto de la complejidad biológica
Authors: De Lorenzo Víctor
Published: October 2014

La Biología sintética no es solo una reformulación contemporánea de las tecnologías del ADN recombinante de los últimos 30 años junto con un lenguaje descriptivo importado de la ingeniería eléctrica e industrial. Es también una nueva clave interpretativa de los sistemas vivos y una declaración de intenciones sobre la utilización y reprogramación de los objetos biológicos en beneficio humano. De la misma forma que la Química científica iniciada por Lavoisier devino en la Ingeniería química que está en la base de nuestra sociedad desarrollada, la Biología ha adquirido un potencial transformador que posiblemente nos lleve a un tipo de industria y de economía muy distinta de la actual. Para ello es esencial identificar los cuellos de botella que limitan el diseño de objetos biológicos desde sus primeros principios y no perder el tren de la Biología sintética en su etapa fundacional, cuando el talento -y no el músculo- es lo determinante.
Avances en biotecnología de alimentos
Authors: Ramón Daniel
Published: October 2014

Durante miles de años el hombre ha estado usando la genética para lograr la mejora de las materias primas y productos alimenticios terminados. Mediante el uso del cruce sexual y la aparición de mutantes espontáneos se ha generado un gran número de variedades vegetales, razas animales y cepas microbianas. De hecho, la biotecnología de los alimentos es la más antigua de todas las biotecnologías. Recientemente, las técnicas de ADN recombinante se han aplicado en la tecnología de alimentos creando los llamados alimentos modificados genéticamente o alimentos transgénicos. Ejemplos de este tipo de productos son unas patatas transgénicas que funcionan como una vacuna oral contra el cólera, unas levaduras vínicas transgénicas capaces de producir vino con aroma más afrutado o vacas u ovejas que producen leche con altos niveles de proteínas terapéuticas. En cualquier caso, la fecha de partida para el futuro de la biotecnología de los alimentos fue la publicación en 2001 del primer borrador del genoma humano: este descubrimiento abrió la puerta a la búsqueda de genes de nuestro genoma que se activan o desactivan en respuesta a la ingesta de nutrientes específicos. No solo eso, hoy en día también es posible determinar las diferencias genéticas entre individuos que producen diferentes respuestas nutricionales. Además cada día se publican en las bases de datos varios nuevos genomas de animales, plantas o microorganismos que son componentes habituales de nuestra dieta. Algunos casos sobresalientes son los genomas del arroz, la levadura del pan, la bacteria probiótica Bifidobacterium bifidum o patógenos responsables de la intoxicación alimentaria, como Escherichia coli. Estos datos proporcionan información sobre genes clave, con la que es posible diseñar estrategias de mejora por genética clásica o ingeniería clásica, delimitar los mecanismos de defensa para combatir la patogenicidad o definir nuevas funciones fisiológicas. Su aplicación a la alimentación y la nutrición está mucho más próxima de lo que muchos imaginan.
Designing Resource-Constrained Embedded Heterogeneous Systems to Cope with Variability
Authors: Gray Ian , Acquaviva Andrea , Audsley Neil
Published: October 2014

As modern embedded systems become increasingly complex, they also become susceptible to manufacturing variability. Variability causes otherwise identical hardware elements to exhibit large differences in dynamic and static power usage, maximum clock frequency, thermal resilience, and lifespan. There are currently no standard ways of handling this variability from the software developer's point of view, forcing the hardware vendor to discard devices that fall below a certain threshold. This chapter first presents a review of existing state-of-the-art techniques for mitigating the effects of variability. It then presents the toolflow developed as part of the ToucHMore project, which aims to build variability-awareness into the entire design process. In this approach, the platform is modelled in SysML, along with the expected variability and the monitoring and mitigation capabilities that the hardware presents. This information is used to automatically generate a customised variability-aware runtime, which is used by the programmer to perform operations such as offloading computation to another processing element, parallelising operations, and altering the energy use of operations (using voltage scaling, power gating, etc.). The variability-aware runtime affects its behaviour according to modelled static manufacturing variability and measured dynamic variability (such as battery power, temperature, and hardware degradation). This is done by moving computation to different parts of the system, spreading computation load more efficiency, and by making use of the modelled capabilities of the system.
An Aspect-Oriented Approach to Hardware Fault Tolerance for Embedded Systems
Authors: de Andrés David , Ruiz Juan–Carlos , Espinosa Jaime , Gil Pedro
Published: October 2014

The steady reduction of transistor size has brought embedded solutions into everyday life. However, the same features of deep-submicron technologies that are increasing the application spectrum of these solutions are also negatively affecting their dependability. Current practices for the design and deployment of hardware fault tolerance and security strategies remain in practice specific (defined on a case-per-case basis) and mostly manual and error prone. Aspect orientation, which already promotes a clear separation between functional and non-functional (dependability and security) concerns in software designs, is also an approach with a big potential at the hardware level. This chapter addresses the challenging problems of engineering such strategies in a generic way via metaprogramming, and supporting their subsequent instantiation and deployment on specific hardware designs through open compilation. This shows that promoting a clear separation of concerns in hardware designs and producing a library of generic, but reusable, hardware fault and intrusion tolerance mechanisms is a feasible reality today.
MADES FP7 EU Project
Authors: Bagnato Alessandra , Quadri Imran , Brosse Etienne , Sadovykh Andrey , Indrusiak Leandro Soares , Paige Richard , Audsley Neil , Gray Ian , Kolovos Dimitrios S. , Matragkas Nicholas , Rossi Matteo , Baresi Luciano , Crippa Matteo Carlo , Genolini Stefano , Hansen Scott , Meisel-Blohm Gundula
Published: October 2014

This chapter presents the EU-funded MADES FP7 project that aims to develop an effective model-driven methodology to improve the current practices in the development of real-time embedded systems for avionics and surveillance industries. MADES developed an effective SysML/MARTE language subset, and a set of new tools and technologies that support high-level design specifications, validation, simulation, and automatic code generation, while integrating aspects such as component re-use. This chapter illustrates the MADES methodology by means of a car collision avoidance system case study; it presents the underlying MADES language, the design phases, and the set of tools supporting on one hand model verification and validation and, on the other hand, automatic code generation, which enables the implementation on execution platforms such as state-of-the-art FPGAs.
Fostering Analysis from Industrial Embedded Systems Modeling
Authors: Bourdellès Michel , Li Shuai , Quadri Imran , Brosse Etienne , Sadovykh Andrey , Gaudin Emmanuel , Mallet Frédéric , Goknil Arda , George David , Kreku Jari
Published: October 2014

In most industrial embedded systems development projects, the software and the hardware development parts are separated, and the constraint requirements/capabilities are informally exchanged in the system development phase of the process. To prevent failures due to the violation of timing constraints, hardware components of the platform are typically over dimensioned for the capabilities needed. This increases both cost and power consumption. Performance analysis is not done sufficiently at early stages of the development process to optimize the system. This chapter presents results of the integration of tools and extra modeling to offer new performance analysis capabilities in the early stages of the development process. These results are based on trace generation from code instrumentation. A number of enhancements were made, spanning the system modeling stage down to the execution stage (based on an ARM dual core Cortex A9-based target board). Final results taken from a software-based radio case study (including the analysis and validation stages) are presented.
Framework-Based Debugging for Embedded Systems
Authors: Tanyeri Gokhan , Messiter Trish , Beckett Paul
Published: October 2014

Debugging embedded systems is almost guaranteed to cause headaches. Embedded systems, and especially portable embedded systems, are becoming increasingly complex and have unique constraints that make them hard to debug. Traditional static debugging tools provided by the embedded development tool chains are important but are only part of the story. Time-dependant issues cannot be debugged by such tools. Embedded environments have to provide efficient mechanisms for managing a range of issues such as thread interaction, control of timers, semaphores and mutexes, IPC message passing, event handling, and finite-state machine organizations. This chapter looks at issues of escalating complexity in modern heterogeneous embedded systems and their impact on debugging techniques and advocates a framework approach to manage this complexity. Using the ClarinoxSoftFrame® Suite framework as an illustrative example, this chapter describes how a modular and open approach to debugging can aid the rapid development of robust wireless-enabled embedded systems that employ a variety of operating systems and platforms. The overall objective in this type of approach is to leverage prebuilt code infrastructure plus existing development skills as much as possible, thereby avoiding the need for engineering staff to learn and re-learn a range of compilers, operating systems, and the like. Overall, debug time can be greatly reduced by improved visibility into the complex interactions between cooperating processes within the code. Collateral benefits can include a reduction in the size of the necessary development team with a reduction in skills specialization.
ICT in Healthcare Management, Developments, and Applications in Turkish Health Sector
Authors: Suder Asli , Durucu Murat
Published: October 2014

Information and communication technologies are radically changing the way that healthcare is delivered with the development of e-Health among the most remarkable changes. It plays an increasingly important role in delivering healthcare. Information and communication technology has the potential to effectively support the complexities involved in the communication that takes place both amongst healthcare professionals and their patients in the developed and developing countries. The aim of the chapter is to analyze the recent situation in healthcare management and information communication technology applications in the health industry. This chapter examines the challenges involved in human interaction and a clinical information system and allows for richer communication between the patient and those involved in their health.
Hierarchies and Holdings
Authors: Oliveira Teresa Carla , Holland Stuart , Fontes da Costa João , Lira de Carvalho Francisco Edinaldo
Published: October 2014

This chapter proposes that key features of New Public Management (NPM) in complex public service organisations, such as teaching hospitals, are less new than a reversal to Weberian hierarchy, Fordist concern with throughput rather than quality, Taylorist standardised performance criteria, and Foucauldian surveillance. While this judgement is severe, it illustrates that such management models combined with market or quasi-market criteria have been dysfunctional in the UK in near trebling administrative costs, demotivating health professionals, and in the view of their professional associations, risk destroying the principles of a national health service. It proposes that those concerned to counter this could draw on more plural modes of management in public sector institutions such as holding companies as a model for reforms in hospital organisation, which could enable a degree of relative autonomy for individual services and units similar to that typical of small- to medium-sized firms. It distinguishes organisational logic as the basis for economic efficiency from operational logic as the basis for social efficiency in terms of psychological wellbeing of both health professionals and patients. It submits that doctors as managers of staff in different services and units need relative autonomy for effective implementation of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices at operational levels to be able to enhance purposeful engagement and vocational commitment to health as public service as well to enable psychological contracting into change. Informed by a case study within a socio-cognitive approach in a major European teaching hospital, it then draws implications concerning the merits of a holding company model for hospital organisation.
Applying Discrete Event Simulation (DES) in Healthcare
Authors: Ponis Stavros T. , Delis Angelos , Gayialis Sotiris P. , Kasimatis Panagiotis , Tan Joseph
Published: October 2014

This paper highlights the opportunities and challenges of applying Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to support capacity planning of a network of outpatient facilities. Despite an abundance of studies using simulation techniques to examine the operation and performance of outpatient clinics, the problem of capacity allocation and planning of medical services within a network of outpatient healthcare facilities appears to be underexplored. Here, a case study of a health insurance provider that operates a network of six outpatient medical facilities in the US is used to illustrate and explore the synthesizing and adaptive, yet parsimonious nature of using DES methodology for network design and capacity planning. Results of this case study demonstrate that significant performance improvements for the network operator can be achieved with applying DES method to support the network facility capacity planning process.
Modeling a Chilean Hospital Using Specification and Description Language
Authors: Olmos Jorge Leiva , Fonseca i Casas Pau , Rebull Jordi Ocaña
Published: October 2014

In this chapter, the authors present a formal model of the Anesthesia Unit and Surgical Wards (UAPQ) of a Chilean hospital. The objective was to document and to understand its operation, to assist hospital management and to facilitate its simulation. The model was built with Specification and Description Language (SDL). This methodology was used because it allows the design of a model that represents the system in a graphical, modular, and standard way. Our design contains the following agents: the system, 11 blocks, and 52 processes. The blocks and the processes describe the clinical and administrative activities. The environment of the UAPQ model contains 3 components: clinical services, emergency units, and support units.
Modeling and Automated Examination of Communication Processes in Integrated Health Information Systems
Authors: Saboor Samrend , Hörbst Alexander , Ammenwerth Elske
Published: October 2014

Modern, integrated information and communication systems (ICT) help improve the communication along processes in hospitals. The goal of this paper is to present a reusable and holistic concept which allows the detailed and systematic description of arbitrary communication processes, as well as the detection of communication errors. This is realized by mapping attributes of communication processes to an entity relationship model respectively database and applying specific, predefined queries on the stored process attributes and their relationships, resulting in the detection of potential communication errors. To develop the authors' concept, they used a methodological approach which was inspired by the concept of Rapid Application Development and adapted in order to develop their model. Furthermore, techniques of qualitative content analysis, as well as expert interviews, were used to develop the authors' approach. The components of their approach have been successfully evaluated with different communication processes and they were able to detect major potential communication errors. To fully proof the authors' concept, further tests with complex communication processes are indicated. Tool-support is on a prototype-level and needs further improvement towards standardization and usability. To transfer their concept from scientific use to daily operation, it is also necessary to further analyze and coordinate the concept with existing approaches from the domain such as business process modeling etc.
Medical Practical Knowledge Circulation Based on Purpose-Oriented Service Modeling
Authors: Ogawa Taisuke , Ikeda Mitsuru , Suzuki Muneou , Araki Kenji
Published: October 2014

This chapter presents a method of obtaining practical medical knowledge toward supporting on-the-job training that is related to the quality of medical service implementations or service-providing activities from medical experts in clinical-pathway design activities. First, an interview methodology for the acquisition of practical knowledge is presented based on goal-oriented service task modeling. Next, a method of externalizing the intentions of medical service designers is described.
Mobile Communication in Hospitals
Authors: Solvoll Terje
Published: October 2014

The work setting in hospitals is communication intensive and can lead to significant difficulties related to interruptions from co-workers. Physicians often need information fast, and any delay between the decision made and the action taken could cause medical errors. One suggested solution for this problem is to implement wireless phone systems. However, psychological theory and empirical evidence, both suggest that wireless phones have the potential of creating additional problems related to interruptions, compared to traditional paging systems. The fact that hospital workers prefer interruptive communication methods before non-interruptive methods, amplifies the risk of overloading people when phones are widely deployed. This challenge causes some hospital staff to resist the diffusion of wireless phones, and a key is how to handle the balance between increased availability, and increased interruptions. In this chapter, the authors present solutions based on context aware communication systems, aiming to reduce interruptions.
Computer Physician Order Entry (CPOE)
Authors: Coustasse Alberto , Shaffer Joseph , Conley David , Coliflower Julia , Deslich Stacie , Sikula Sr. Andrew
Published: October 2014

In an effort to reduce Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) and to improve patient safety, funding has been earmarked to improve the rate of adoption of Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) among healthcare providers. It has been shown that the ordering stage of medications is where most medication errors and preventable ADEs occur. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation CPOE systems in hospitals to determine benefits and concerns of this technology in the United States healthcare system. A review of the literature published in the last 13 years (since 2000) in the English language was performed to complete this investigation. CPOE has emerged as a valuable tool to improve medical efficiency and to decrease medication errors and ADEs. Efficiencies were found to reduce the overall workload of nurses, clerical workers and pharmacists. CPOE has proven to be a secure way of transferring physician orders electronically thus helping hospitals and physicians practice a more effective and better quality of care with less medical errors which has led to decreased operating expenses. While barriers such as lack of professional buy in, and cost of implementation have hindered the widespread use and growth of CPOE systems, these barriers are being overcome with the financial incentives from the HITECH Act, and with the increased savings of CPOE implementation, which may motivate more healthcare systems to adopt CPOE.
Hospital Environment Scenarios using WLAN over OPNET Simulation Tool
Authors: Sarkar Nurul I. , Kuang Anita Xiao-min , Nisar Kashif , Amphawan Angela
Published: October 2014

For the past ten years, heterogeneous networks wired and wireless had tended to integrate seamlessly, offering effective and reliable service for medical operations. One of the problems encountered by network practitioners is the seamless integration of network components into healthcare delivery. As a multiplexing hospital model, the implementation certainly presents some challenges. The major technical and performance issues involve are as following. The operating parameters should keep aligned to the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement throughout simulation. Bandwidth utilisation of wireless networking is a challenging issue for real-time multimedia transmission. IEEE 802.11 provides relatively lower data rate than wired networks, thus the developer tends to adopt a more compromised solution: either reduce the file size or compress the image packets. Communication performance that varies constantly with the impact of signal strength, traffic load and interference. As stated radio signal senses as a curve and attenuates greatly while metallic object and microwave exist within the active range. To ensure devices do not interfere with other electronic equipments (e.g. heart monitors), assert wireless spectrum has to be managed appropriately. This research paper aims to develop a generic hospital network scenarios using Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) over OPNET Simulation, to evaluate the performance of the integrated network scenario for Intensive Care Units (ICU). This research makes use of computer simulation and discusses various aspects of the network design, so as to discover the performance behaviour pertaining to effect of traffic type, traffic load and network size. In the ICU scenario, the performance of video conference degrades with network size, thus, a QoS-enabled device is recommended to reduce the packet delay and data loss. IEEE 802.11a suits in hospital environment because it mitigates interference on the 2.4GHz band where most wireless devices operate. Experiment examines the effect of signal strength in WLAN. It is convinced that -88dBm is the best signal strength threshold. Although 802.11a generates slightly lower throughput than 802.11g, this issues can be addressed by placing more APs in the service area. It is convinced that 802.11a suits the hospital environments, because it mitigates interference on the popular 2.4GHz band where most wireless devices operate. It is important for medical devices which require future upgrade and Bluetooth deployment.
An Operating Theater Planning Decision Support System
Authors: Gomes Carlos , Sperandio Fabrício , Peles Arnon , Borges José , Brito António Carvalho , Almada-Lobo Bernardo
Published: October 2014

The operating theater is the biggest hospital budget expenditure. The usage of surgery related resources and its intrinsic planning must be carefully devised in order to achieve better operational performance. However, from long to short term planning, the decision processes inherent to the operating theater are often the subject of empiricism. Moreover, the current hospital information systems available in Portuguese public hospitals lack a decision support system component, which could assist in achieving better planning solutions. This work reports the development of a centralized system for the operating theater planning to support decision-making tasks of surgeons, chief specialty managers, and hospital administration. Its main components concern surgery scheduling, operating theater's resource allocation and performance measurement. The enhancement of the planning processes, the increase of policy compliance, and the overall performance of the operating theater compared to the former methodologies are also discussed.
Resuscitating Team Roles within Wayburn Health System
Authors: Stefaniak Jill E.
Published: October 2014

Administrative leadership of Wayburn Health System decided to move forward with a training program to address communication between healthcare professionals within their emergency center. After a few sentinel events where errors had occurred that compromised patient safety due to miscommunication amongst healthcare team members, hospital administration decided that communication processes needed to be standardized within the emergency center during trauma resuscitations. Four hundred employees from various departments and disciplines would require training. An instructional designer was brought onto the project to ensure that training was customized to fit the specific needs of the trauma resuscitation team.
Clinical Pathway Enhanced by Knowledge Management Technology
Authors: Li Weizi
Published: October 2014

Clinical pathways are complex processes based on knowledge and personal experience, which are essential for high quality patient treatment. However, the insufficient knowledge coverage and representation for detailed clinical pathways makes it difficult to provide accurate information to improve patient safety. The gap between the dynamic practical treatment process and the predefined clinical pathways knowledge becomes an important issue. This chapter discusses how knowledge management enhances the implementation of clinical pathway to achieve medical quality improvement. The relationship between patient safety and the effectiveness of clinical pathway knowledge is discussed. The clinical pathway knowledge management pattern is derived in the context of healthcare knowledge management. More specifically, a norm-based approach is proposed to represent and manage clinical pathway knowledge. Types of knowledge can be represented comprehensively with the taxonomy of norms as useful building blocks to construct the dynamic and accurate clinical pathway knowledge. The multi-agent system embedded with norms is developed to enhance clinical pathway management in the context of complicated healthcare environment. Finally, social-technical issues of implementing knowledge management technologies in practical treatment process are discussed.
Telemedicine in Emergency
Authors: Gullà Vincenzo , Cancellotti Corrado
Published: October 2014

Emergency events are always very critical to manage as in most cases there is a human life risk. Such events could become even more serious when occurring in remote areas not equipped with adequate healthcare facilities, able to manage life risk. This is the case in many rural geographical areas. In such scenarios telemedicine can play a very important and determinant role. This is mainly the basis of the experience described in the following chapter about telemedicine application in a small hospital located in the town of Branca, near Gubbio Italy. The first aid department, responsible for emergency support in a territory where distances between houses and hospital is quite important and the lack of healthcare structures and speedways connections makes it even more difficult, has decided to use telemedicine solutions to face the emergency events. The experience has shown how the use of video communication based telemedicine systems has improved the service and what procedural impact the adoption of such technology has required. A brief description of the experience and highlights of the service still under experimentation will be shown in the following.
Ubiquitous Multimedia Data Access in Electronic Health Care Systems
Authors: Aboelfotoh Muhammad H. , Martin Patrick , Hassanein Hossam
Published: October 2014

Advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have enabled the provisioning of more cost-efficient means of delivering healthcare services through electronic healthcare systems (e-health). However, these solutions have constrained the mobility of medical professionals as well as patients. Mobile devices have been sought as a potential solution to free medical professionals and patients from mobility constraints. This chapter discusses the literature proposed in multimedia data transfer and retrieval, utilizing mobile devices and a multitude of wireless access technologies. A background section presents the different software technologies utilized by the proposed work, as well as a literature review. Following that, the authors compare these proposed systems and discuss issues and controversies found in these proposed systems, as well as propose means to address some of these issues. They conclude with an overall conclusion and outline future directions in this field.
Leading the Technological Innovation in Healthcare Systems
Authors: Gullà Vincenzo
Published: October 2014

The adoption of Telematics medicine or Telemedicine marks an important structural change in the mode in which deployment of medical care is being routinely provided. It is not a matter of using more or less developed technologies but mainly a deep change to the way in which countries and governments decide to provide and manage their national health care system. There is definitely a new paradigm taking place. Thus, the telemedicine approach implies deeply changing the way healthcare is provided. The authors are aware that this will take time, as does any cultural revolution, but for the time being, we need to start adapting our mentality and our networks to integrate and allow the two methods to cohabit together. Technology is one of the leading tools to allow this to happen, and it is necessary to understand what requirements are needed to get the maximum success. Years of experience have dictated the main rules and guidelines exploited in detail in this chapter.
Hard to Believe It All Started on a Napkin!
Authors: Ahlgrim-Delzell Lynn , Zakas Tracie-Lynn , Browder Diane , Rhyne Jane
Published: October 2014

In an effort to investigate and identify effective instructional practices for students with moderate-to-severe intellectual disability, university researchers partnered with a local, public school system. This new knowledge generated by this partnership has impacted thousands of teachers and students locally, nationally, and internationally. This chapter provides a historical description of the partnership from both the public school and university perspectives over the past 13 years. Specifically, this chapter describes why the partnership was formed, what it took to get it started, how it was organized and reorganized over time, the actions needed to sustain it, and the impact upon the individuals who participated in the partnership. The authors present both the benefits and challenges of the partnership in hopes that such a rich description will encourage and inform others to replicate this partnership. The chapter ends with suggestions for future directions for the partnership and research on school-university partnerships.
Collaborating with Urban Professional Development Schools to Effectively Prepare Elementary Urban Teachers
Authors: Thornburg Amy W. , Collins Jennifer
Published: October 2014

The diversity of students in schools is rapidly increasing while the demographics of urban teachers are remaining constant (Banks & Banks, 2000). This develops a cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic divide that can lead to disconnects in the classroom which can negatively impact student academic outcomes (Clem & Connell, 2004). This chapter demonstrates how one university partnered with two urban public elementary schools to help better prepare pre-service teachers to be successful in the urban school setting. The partnership focused on providing experiences based on Milner's (2006) three key factors: cultural and racial awareness and insight, critical reflection, and the bridging of theory and practice. These factors were embedded into the coursework of the pre-service teachers through academic, social, and experiential opportunities that allowed them to develop the effective skills and dispositions necessary to be successful educators in an urban setting. The experiences enhanced the success of all involved: students, PST, teachers, and university faculty.
Socrates and the Search for Meaning at His Academy
Authors: Dellinger-Holton Janis , Green Michael
Published: October 2014

The chapter describes a partnership between the University of North Carolina – Charlotte and Socrates Academy, a public charter school in suburban Charlotte, North Carolina. The historical framework of this collaborative work is summarized, and the implementation of a unique math program, the Comprehensively Applied Manipulative Mathematics Program (CAMMP), is detailed in its most important elements. From inception through its current implementation, the program has inspired both teachers and their students to become mathematical thinkers. Beginning with primary grades students, this developmental math program encouraged deep thinking and inquiry-based understanding of mathematical concepts. The history of the partnership's development and its most salient characteristics are summarized. Perspectives from teachers and parents are incorporated, and data-based evidence of the partnership's success is described.
Challenges and Opportunities in the First Year of a 1:1 iPad Initiative in a High-Poverty, Highly Diverse Urban High School
Authors: Thieman Gayle Y.
Published: October 2014

The digital divide between technology-mediated instruction for students in low versus high socio-economic schools is a serious equity issue with repercussions for student learning. While there is a growing body of research on blended learning and 1:1 mobile devices, there seems to be little research on the potential of iPads to reduce disparity of access and impact student learning in high poverty schools. This chapter reports first year results of a 1:1 iPad project on teachers' attitudes and experiences and on high school students' technology access and use. Using iPads resulted in blended learning opportunities for some but not all students. Those who had an individually assigned iPad to use at school and home reported significantly higher satisfaction and proficiency with technology. These students also reported significantly greater use of online iPad applications and technology activities for instruction both during class and outside of school.
Best Pedagogical Practices for Acknowledging and Accommodating Diversity in Online Courses
Authors: Nash Christina
Published: October 2014

This chapter examines the best practices for acknowledging and accommodating diversity in online courses, focused at the K-12 level. It presents the challenges of a culturally biased Internet and offers possibilities for educators to address this bias, not only for themselves as pedagogical and instructional designers but also for their students in both online and blended learning environments. While understanding cultural learning biases is important in any online education setting, teachers at the K-12 level need to be especially vigilant as they are working with students who are still developing their own identities as both people and learners. Strategies recommended include, but are not limited to, being aware of cultural differences through both information gathering and experience; providing opportunities for communication that honor student learning preferences; providing explicit course guidelines, expectations, and extended descriptions of course assignments; addressing the implementation of collaborative work with students of diverse backgrounds; and promoting student's cultural awareness through content and instruction.
Innate Receptors and Cellular Defense against Pulmonary Infections
Authors: Werner Jessica L. , Steele Chad
Published: October 2014

In the United States, lung infections consistently rank in the top 10 leading causes of death, accounting for >50,000 deaths annually. Moreover, >140,000 deaths occur annually as a result of chronic lung diseases, some of which may be complicated by an infectious process. The lung is constantly exposed to the environment and is susceptible to infectious complications caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens. Indeed, we are continually faced with the threat of morbidity and mortality associated with annual influenza virus infections, new respiratory viruses (e.g., SARS-CoV), and lung infections caused by antibiotic-resistant “ESKAPE pathogens” (three of which target the lung). This review highlights innate immune receptors and cell types that function to protect against infectious challenges to the respiratory system yet also may be associated with exacerbations in chronic lung diseases.
Ewing’s Sarcoma: An Uncommon Breast Tumor
Authors: Meddeb Sawsen , Rhim Mohamed Salah , Kouira Mouna , Mestiri Sarra , Bibi Mohamed , Yacoubi Mohamed Tahar
Published: October 2014

Ewing’s sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (EWS/PNET) are rare malignant and aggressive tumors, usually seen in the trunk and lower limbs of children and young adults. They are uncommon in the breast. We report a case of a 43-year-old woman who developed a painless breast mass. An initial core needle biopsy concluded to a fibrocystic dystrophy contrasting with a rapidly growing mass; thus a large lumpectomy was done. Diagnosis of primary PNET of the breast was established, based on both histopathological examination and immunohistochemical findings. Surgical margins were positive, therefore, left modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph nodes dissection was performed. The patient was given 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy containing cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and vincristine. Twenty months later, she is in life without recurrence or metastasis. EWS/PNET may impose a diagnostic challenge. Indeed, mammography and ultrasonography features are non specific. The histopathological pattern is variable depending on the degree of neuroectodermal differentiation. Immuno-phenotyping is necessary and genetic study is the only confirmatory tool of diagnosis showing a characteristic cytogenetic anomaly; t (11; 22) translocation.
Energetic and economic viability of olive stone recovery as a renewable energy source: a Southern Italy case study
Authors: Parenti Alessandro , Masella Piernicola , Guerrini Lorenzo , Guiso Antonio , Spugnoli Paolo
Published: October 2014

The recovery of olive stones for biofuel is becoming increasingly widespread in olive milling plants. In this study we look at the economic and energetic benefits of using a de-stoner machine in a small-to-medium sized oil milling plant. The performance of the olive stone recovery system was evaluated over a full olive oil production season. The energetic viability of the de-stoner was assessed using a Life Cycle Assessment approach, and the break-even point was achieved when about 56 tons of olives had been processed, which is less than the annual production of the mill in question. Similarly, in economic terms, the machine covered its costs after about a quarter of its technical life.
The Experiences of Female Athletic Trainers in the Role of the Head Athletic Trainer
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Burton Laura , Cotrufo Raymond J.
Published: October 2014

Context:

Very few women have leadership positions in athletic training (ie, head athletic training positions) in intercollegiate athletics. Research exists on the barriers to attaining the role; however, our understanding about the experiences of those currently engaged in the role is limited.

Objective:

To examine the experiences of female head athletic trainers as they worked toward and attained the position of head athletic trainer.

Design:

Qualitative study.

Setting:

National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I setting.

Patients or Other Participants:

Eight female athletic trainers serving in the role of head athletic trainer participated in our study. The mean age of the participants was 45 ± 12 years, with 5 ± 1.5 years of experience in the role of head athletic trainer and 21 ± 10 years of experience as athletic trainers.

Data Collection and Analysis:

We conducted phone interviews with the 8 participants following a semistructured format. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed following a general inductive approach as described by Thomas. To establish credibility, we used a peer reviewer, member checks, and multiple-analyst triangulation.

Results:

Six major themes emerged from our analysis regarding the experiences of female head athletic trainers. Opportunities to become a head athletic trainer, leadership qualities, and unique personal characteristics were discussed as factors leading to the assumption of the role of the head athletic trainer. Where women hold back, family challenges, and organizational barriers speak to the potential obstacles to assuming the role of head athletic trainer.

Conclusions:

Female head athletic trainers did not seek the role, but through persistence and encouragement, they find themselves assuming the role. Leadership skills were discussed as important for success in the role of head athletic trainer. Life balancing and parenting were identified as barriers to women seeking the role of head athletic trainer.
Obituary – Dr. Christian George Albertyn
Authors: Albertyn-Cross Lynda
Published: October 2014

No abstract available.
Spirituality for democracy and social cohesion versus the spirituality of money
Authors: Duchrow Ulrich
Published: October 2014

We live in a life-killing global system, and thus, we are called by our own biblical basis � re-read in the spirit of other than Western traditions � to search for life-giving alternatives and to develop democracy accordingly. However, this is not a geographical exercise. We cannot count on South Africa as a place where Ubuntu is practiced or on South Korea living in communities according to Sangsaeng. The reason is that Western civilisation, with its own spirituality, has permeated all corners of the earth. My thesis is that this is the spirituality of money; biblically speaking, of Mammon. Before we can talk about a spirituality for democracy and social cohesion, we need to address the spirituality of the status quo in order to understand what the alternative could be. The issue gets complicated by the new insight that Western civilisation has deep roots in history; in fact a history of almost 3000 years. Only by looking at this history can we really understand how money did not only change socio-economic and political structures but also hearts, minds and the spirituality of people.Intradisciplinary and/or�interdisciplinary�implications: This article challenges the normal Western assumption that democracy is but a political issue of voting every 4 or 5 years. Instead it shows that real democracy is linked to economic and social justice, as well as to deep cultural and spiritual roots. Authors should carefully identify the contextual perspective they challenge, identifying the potential results of the proposed research and whether it calls for a change in traditional discourse as well as whether such a change is possible. Key insights into the research results and its future function should be revealed.Today we are faced with life-killing civilization, manifested in economic injustice, ecological destruction, the threat of Empire, and the escalation of religious conflicts. This compels us to urgently explore the possibility of life-giving civilization which affirms relationships, co-existence, harmony with creation, and solidarity with those who struggle for justice. This quest finds meaning in Ubuntu and Sangsaeng. (Transforming Theology 2007)
On transitivity and (non)amenability of Aut $F_n$ actions on group presentations
Authors: Myropolska Aglaia , Nagnibeda Tatiana
Published: October 2014

For a finitely generated group

G

the Nielsen graph

N_n(G)

,

n\geq \operatorname{rank}(G)

, describes the action of the group

\operatorname{Aut}F_n

of automorphisms of the free group

F_n

on generating

n

-tuples of G by elementary Nielsen moves. The question of (non)amenability of Nielsen graphs is of particular interest in relation with the open question about Property

(T)

for

\operatorname{Aut}F_n

,

n\geq 4

. We prove nonamenability of Nielsen graphs

N_n(G)

for all

n\ge \max\{2,\operatorname{rank}(G)\}

when

G

is indicable, and for

n

big enough when

G

is elementary amenable. We give an explicit description of

N_d(G)

for relatively free (in some variety) groups of rank

d

and discuss their connectedness and nonamenability. Examples considered include free polynilpotent groups and free Burnside groups.
Groups, orders, and laws
Authors: Navas Andrés
Published: October 2014

It is unknown
Hyperbolic groupoids: metric and measure
Authors: Nekrashevych Volodymyr V.
Published: October 2014

We construct Patterson–Sullivan measure and a natural metric on the unit space of a hyperbolic groupoid. In particular, this gives a new approach to defining SRB measures on Smale spaces and Anosov flows using Gromov hyperbolic graphs. Other results include a duality theory for hyperbolic groupoids graded by Hölder continuous Busemann cocycles, and a characterization of visual metrics.