bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Muscle-to-Fat Ratio of Pediatric Patients with Thyroid Disorders and Its Interaction with Thyroid Function and Metabolic Syndrome Components
Authors: Brener Avivit , Stark Yuval , Friedman Miron Gal , Averbuch Shay , Elkon-Tamir Erella , Borger Ophir , Lebenthal Yael
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The standard evaluation of children and adolescents suspected of having thyroid disorders consists of anthropometric measurements. Body composition features provide additional information for enhanced therapeutic management. We explored the muscle-to-fat ratio of pediatric patients referred for thyroid disorders and its interaction with thyroid function and metabolic syndrome components. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study consisted of 147 pediatric subjects (ages 5–19 years) diagnosed with childhood-onset thyroid disorders treated at a tertiary medical center. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (FT4), and lipid profile] were extracted from the electronic medical records. Body composition was measured using bioimpedance analysis (Tanita MC-780 MA and GMON Professional Software). Body mass index (BMI), appendicular muscle mass (ASMM), and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) were converted to z-scores. Results: The diagnoses included Hashimoto thyroiditis (30.6%), subclinical hypothyroidism (26.5%), congenital hypothyroidism (21.7%), and Graves’ disease (21%). Based on BMI z-scores, 31.3% of the cohort was overweight or obese. The TSH levels were positively correlated with the BMI z-scores (r = 0.238, p = 0.005) and negatively with the MFR z-scores (r = 0.215, p = 0.012). The ASMM z-scores were negatively associated with the FT4 levels (r = −0.255, p = 0.003). Dyslipidemia was prevalent. TSH was correlated with LDL cholesterol (r = 0.472, p < 0.001) and triglycerides (r = 0.232, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Elevated thyroid-stimulating levels were linked to higher BMI and lower MFR levels. Our findings on the relationship between thyroid function and lipid profile underscore the necessity of optimizing thyroid balance and implementing targeted lifestyle interventions to improve body composition in young patients with thyroid disorders.
Influence of Mechanical Deformity on Joint Line Reconstruction
Authors: Jungwirth-Weinberger Anna , Kasparek Maximilian F. , Pattabiraman Kirubakaran , Sain Arnab , Muellner Maximilian , Scheidl Tobias , Haider Oliver , Muellner Thomas
Published: February 2025

Background: Restoration of the joint line is important for an optimal outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The goal of this study was to analyze the accuracy of joint line reconstruction in conventionally performed TKA. The study evaluates the potential influences of mechanical deformity on joint line restoration. Methods: A total of 115 patients (58.3% female, mean age 72.4 years (52–89)) with 43 valgus and 72 varus knees were reviewed. A total of 36 patients underwent CR-TKA, and 79 underwent PS-TKA. The joint line was measured from the adductor tubercle to the joint line. Results: A total of 106 patients (92.2%) had the joint line restored within four millimeters. The distance increased significantly from preoperative (48.30 ± 6.35 mm) to postoperative 49.03 ± 6.29 mm (p = 0.003). Varus knees showed no significant change (p = 0.313), while valgus knees had a significant elevation (p = 0.0004). Conclusions: In conventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the distance from the adductor tubercle to the joint line slightly increased. However, in most patients, the joint line was restored within four millimeters. Valgus knees in particular are at risk for postoperative joint line elevation.
Unveiling the Oral Lesions, Dysgeusia and Osteonecrosis Related to COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Authors: Aliberti Angelo , Gasparro Roberta , Mignogna Martina , Canfora Federica , Spagnuolo Gianrico , Sammartino Gilberto , Coppola Noemi
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The oral cavity has garnered increasing attention as a site for viral infection and related pathological manifestations in coronavirus disease-19. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)-related oral manifestations, including taste disturbances, oral lesions and osteonecrosis. Methods: A search was conducted up to September 2024 according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews) guidelines using the databases PubMed and Scopus. All the observational, case-series, case-report and cross-sectional studies written in English on oral manifestations related to COVID-19 disease and long-COVID disease were included. All other types of studies and studies based on oral manifestation after COVID-19 vaccination and oral impairment due to lockdown were excluded. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Appraisal checklist. Results: A total of 104 articles including 23 case-report, 15 case-series, 8 case-control, 18 cohort and 40 cross-sectional studies were selected. The results showed that patients with COVID-19 were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of xerostomia (45–74%) and dysgeusia (32–59%) compared to non-infected individuals. Regarding oral mucosal lesions, ulcers, candidiasis and herpes simplex infections were frequently observed. As for osteonecrosis, a significant number of patients with COVID-19-associated rhinomaxillary mucormycosis presented with maxillary osteonecrosis due to fungal infection, primarily mucormycosis. The methodological quality of most of the studies was moderate/high. Conclusions: COVID-19 has been associated with a range of oral manifestations. The complex interplay of viral infection, immune response, medication use and stress likely contributes to these oral complications. Early recognition and management of these oral manifestations are crucial for improving patient outcomes and developing targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-related oral health issues.
COPD Assessment Test Score Deterioration as a Predictor of Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Hospitalised for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation
Authors: Correa-Gutiérrez Cristhian Alonso , Ji Zichen , Domínguez-Zabaleta Irene Milagros , Delgado-Navarro Manuel , López-de-Andrés Ana , Jiménez-García Rodrigo , Zamorano-León José Javier , Puente-Maestu Luis , de Miguel-Díez Javier
Published: February 2025

Background: While severe exacerbations are known to worsen the prognosis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the extent of this impact based on the degree of deterioration is unclear. COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores increase during exacerbations, reflecting symptom worsening. This study aimed to compare healthcare resource utilisation and mortality among patients with COPD after a severe exacerbation, stratified by changes in CAT scores. Methods: This observational study included patients hospitalised for COPD exacerbation. The CAT questionnaire was administered twice: once referring to the time of admission and once to the stable phase. Patients were divided into tertiles based on symptom worsening. A prospective follow-up was conducted to compare emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and survival rates. Results: This study included 50 patients, of whom 30 (60%) were male. Their mean age was 70.5 years (standard deviation [SD]: 9.6), mean forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was 46.7% (SD: 0.8) of the predicted value, and median CAT score deterioration was 9 points (interquartile range: 5–15.25). Patients in the third tertile had earlier healthcare utilisation than those in the first tertile (emergency room visits: log-rank = 5.27, p = 0.022; hospitalisations: log-rank = 5.27, p = 0.022). Survival rates did not differ significantly among tertiles. Conclusions: Patients with greater CAT score deterioration experienced earlier COPD-related events, suggesting the need for closer monitoring after severe exacerbation.
Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Loss in the Absence of Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from a Longitudinal Community-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Muscle loss is a serious complication in chronic disease patients, yet studies on long-term changes in muscle mass based on insulin sensitivity in the absence of diabetes mellitus are scarce. This community-based cohort study analyzed the longitudinal association between insulin sensitivity and muscle loss in middle-aged South Korean adults. Methods: This study included 6016 subjects (aged 40–65 years) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, conducted between 2001 and 2016. Fat-free mass, fat mass, body weight, and kidney function were assessed biennially. Subjects were categorized into four groups based on the composite (Matsuda) insulin sensitivity index (ISI) quartiles. The primary outcome was muscle loss, defined as a decline in fat-free mass of 10% or more from baseline. The secondary outcome was the occurrence of all-cause mortality. Results: During 69,480 person–years of follow-up, muscle loss occurred in 311 (5.2%) subjects. Multivariable Cox regression revealed a reverse-graded association between insulin sensitivity and muscle loss risk. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the second, third, and highest ISI quartiles were 0.70 (0.51–0.94), 0.69 (0.50–0.95), and 0.65 (0.46–0.92), respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. Insulin sensitivity, however, was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality, though the mortality risk was higher in individuals with muscle loss. Conclusions: A reverse-graded relationship between insulin sensitivity and muscle loss risk was identified in middle-aged South Korean adults, with the lowest risk in the highest ISI quartile. These findings suggest that higher insulin sensitivity may reduce the risk of muscle loss.
Comprehensive Assessment of Biventricular and Biatrial Myocardial Strain Parameters at 4 Years Postpartum in a Cohort of Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sonaglioni Andrea , Casieri Federica , Nicolosi Gian Luigi , Bianchi Stefano , Lombardo Michele
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: No previous study has provided a comprehensive evaluation of all biventricular and biatrial myocardial strain parameters in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM). Accordingly, we aimed at investigating the structural and myocardial deformation properties of all cardiac chambers in a cohort of pGDM women at 4 years postpartum. Methods: A consecutive cohort of pGDM women was compared to a control group of healthy women with previous uncomplicated pregnancy, matched by age, ethnicity and gestational week, at 4 years postpartum. Both groups of women underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) implemented with speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) and subsequent carotid ultrasonography. The primary endpoint was subclinical myocardial dysfunction, defined as left-ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) < 20%, whereas the secondary endpoint was early carotid atherosclerosis, defined as common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) ≥ 0.7 mm. Results: A total of 32 pGDM women (39.1 ± 6.5 yrs) and 30 matched healthy controls (40.8 ± 5.0 yrs) were analyzed. Despite normal and similar systolic function on conventional TTE, all biventricular and biatrial strain parameters were significantly lower in pGDM women than controls. Mean follow-up period was 4.0 ± 1.9 yrs. During follow-up, 62.5% of pGDM women developed subclinical myocardial dysfunction, and 78.1% of them were diagnosed with early carotid atherosclerosis. Third-trimester BMI (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.19–2.98) and third-trimester glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.08–5.04) were independently associated with the primary endpoint. Third-trimester BMI and HbA1C also independently predicted the secondary endpoint. Third-trimester BMI > 27 kg/m2 and HbA1C > 33 mmol/mol showed the best sensitivity and specificity for predicting both endpoints. Conclusions: Women with a previous history of GDM complicated by overweight/obesity and uncontrolled diabetes have a significantly increased risk of subclinical myocardial dysfunction and early carotid atherosclerosis at 4 years postpartum.
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Sustainable Medicinal Supply Chain Problems with Adaptability and Challenges Issues
Authors: Momena Alaa Fouad , Gazi Kamal Hossain , Mondal Sankar Prasad
Published: February 2025

Background: The supply chain refers to the full process of creating and providing a good or service, starting with the raw materials and ending with the final customer. It requires cooperation and coordination between many parties, including the suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers. Methods: In the medicinal supply chain (MSC), the critical nature of these processes becomes more complicated. It requires strict regulation, quality control, and traceability to ensure patient safety and compliance with regulatory standards. This study is conducted to suggest a smooth channel to deal with the challenges and adaptability of the MSC. Different MSC challenges are considered as criteria which deal with various adaptation plans. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies are taken as optimization tools and probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) are considered for express uncertainty. Results: The subscript degree function (SDF) and deviation degree function (DDF) are introduced to evaluate the crisp value of the PLTSs. An MSC model is constructed to optimize the sustainable medicinal supply chain and overcome various barriers to MSC problems. Conclusions: Additionally, sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis were conducted to check the robustness and flexibility of the system. Finally, the conclusion section determines the optimal weighted criteria for the MSC problem and identifies the best possible solutions for MSC using PLTS-based MCDM methodologies.
Thermal Analysis of Grease-Lubricated Double Row Tapered Roller Bearings
Authors: Zhou Xianwen , Ge Zhenyu , Li Xuejun , Rao Miaohong , Han Qingkai
Published: February 2025

A steady-state thermal model of double-row tapered roller bearings (DTRB) with grease lubrication under a combined load is established in this paper. The influence of the internal load distribution on the temperature allotment of bearings in the circumferential, axial, and radial directions is considered. Firstly, the local heat generation of the bearing is calculated based on the kinematic relationship inside the bearing, the internal load distribution, and the rheological properties of the grease. Then, combined with the heat dissipation analysis of the bearing, the three-dimensional steady-state temperature field of the DTRB is obtained. Ultimately, an analysis is conducted to examine how working conditions, including radial load, axial load, and rotational speed, impact the allotment of temperature fields in a DTRB along its circumferential, axial, and radial directions. The theoretical analysis outcome agrees with the experimental test outcome, providing theoretical guidance for the analysis of the bearing’s three-dimensional temperature field.
Vibration Control of Light Bridges Under Moving Loads Using Nonlinear Semi-Active Absorbers
Authors: Saber Hamed , Samani Farhad S. , Pellicano Francesco , Molaie Moslem , Zippo Antonio
Published: February 2025

The dynamic response of light bridges to moving loads presents significant challenges in controlling vibrations that can impact on the structural integrity and the user comfort. This study investigates the effectiveness of nonlinear semi-active absorbers in mitigating these vibrations on light bridges that are particularly susceptible to human-induced vibrations, due to their inherent low damping and flexibility, especially under near-resonance conditions. Traditional passive vibration control methods, such as dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs), may not be entirely adequate for mitigating vibrations, as they require adjustments in damping and stiffness when operating conditions change over time. Therefore, suitable strategies are needed to dynamically adapt DVA parameters and ensure optimal performance. This paper explores the effectiveness of linear and nonlinear DVAs in reducing vertical vibrations of lightweight beams subjected to moving loads. Using the Bubnov-Galerkin method, the governing partial differential equations are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations and a novel nonlinear DVA with a variable damping dashpot is investigated, showing better performances compared to traditional constant-parameter DVAs. The nonlinear viscous damping device enables real-time adjustments, making the DVA semi-active and more effective. A footbridge case study demonstrates significant vibration reductions using optimized nonlinear DVAs for lightweight bridges, showing broader frequency effectiveness than linear ones. The quadratic nonlinear DVA is the most efficient, achieving a 92% deflection reduction in the 1.5–2.5 Hz range, and under running and jumping reduces deflection by 42%.
Dermatomyositis as the First Manifestation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma—A Rare Case Report
Authors: Knežević Bojana , Radević Tatjana , Petronijević Milan
Published: February 2025

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with paraneoplastic dermatomyositis (DM) is an exceptionally rare clinical phenomenon, particularly among European populations. This case report details a 46-year-old woman initially diagnosed with DM, later confirmed to have NPC. Such an association is more frequently documented in Asian populations, highlighting its unique presentation in this case. The patient first developed symptoms in December 2016, which progressed significantly by spring 2017, manifesting as progressive proximal muscle weakness, characteristic skin changes, and elevated muscle enzyme levels. Diagnostic workup, including electromyography and biopsy, confirmed DM. Persistent symptoms and secondary DM suspicion prompted further malignancy screening, which identified undifferentiated NPC with strong Epstein–Barr virus RNA positivity. Multimodal treatment comprising corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy led to temporary symptomatic improvement. Despite initial success, the patient’s condition deteriorated, and she passed away by the end of 2018. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive malignancy screening in DM patients, considering rarer cancers like NPC even in non-endemic regions. It emphasizes the role of multidisciplinary care and adherence to international guidelines for managing such complex cases. Recognizing NPC-associated DM remains critical for early intervention and tailored therapeutic approaches to improve clinical outcomes and survival.
Genomics-Driven Discovery of Plantariitin A, a New Lipopeptide in Burkholderia plantarii DSM9509
Authors: Wang Xiuling , Zhang Zhuo , Fu Jun , Li Ruijuan
Published: February 2025

A significant number of silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) within the Burkholderia genome remain uncharacterized, representing a valuable opportunity for the discovery of new natural products. In this research, the recombineering system ETh1h2e_yi23, which facilitates recombination in Burkholderia and was developed in our previous study, was used for mining the BGCs of B. plantarii DSM9509. By using this recombineering system, the constitutive promoter was precisely inserted into the genome, resulting in the activation of the silent pla BGC, which led to the production of a new lipopeptide named plantariitin A. A distinctive characteristic of this lipopeptide is the incorporation of a non-proteinogenic amino acid residue, i.e., amino-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-4-pyrimidinepropanoic acid (ATDPP), which has not been identified in other natural products. A biological activity assay demonstrated that plantariitin A exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. This study further substantiates the notion that the in situ activation of silent BGCs is a crucial strategy for the discovery of new natural products within the genus Burkholderia. With the increasing availability of genomic data and the development of bioinformatics tools, Burkholderia is poised to emerge as a prominent source for the development of new lipopeptides.
Bond Valence Sum Parameters for Analyzing Pyranopterin Tungsten Enzyme Structures
Authors: Lepluart Jesse , Kirk Martin L.
Published: February 2025

The determination of tungsten oxidation states and W–ligand bond lengths for pyranopterin tungsten enzymes can be negatively impacted by Fourier series termination effects and photodamage/photoreduction in the X-ray beam. As a result, a new set of bond valence sum (BVS) parameters have been derived from bond length data on W(+4) and W(+6) model compounds that were obtained from X-ray crystallography. These new W enzyme-specific BVS parameters have been used in the analysis of pyranopterin tungsten enzyme structural data. The results of this analysis indicate that there are potential issues with the enzyme crystal structures, including the number of ligating atoms to the tungsten atom, the W–ligand bond lengths, and the W oxidation state. We conclude that a BVS analysis of crystallographic and EXAFS structural data will help address these issues, and EXAFS should be more routinely employed in the determination of pyranopterin tungsten enzyme active site structures due to the increased accuracy of this technique for the determination of W–ligand bond distances.
Hybrid Nanoplatforms Based on Photosensitizers and Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks for Improved Cancer Synergistic Treatment Nano-Delivery Systems
Authors: Magadla Aviwe
Published: February 2025

Researchers have extensively investigated photosensitizer (PS) derivatives for various applications due to their superior photophysical and electrochemical properties. However, inherent problems, such as instability and self-quenching under physiological conditions, limit their biological applications. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent two relatively new material types. These materials have high surface areas and permanent porosity, and they show a tremendous deal of potential for applications like these. This review summarizes key synthesis processes and highlights recent advancements in integrating PS-based COF and MOF nanocarriers for biomedical applications while addressing potential obstacles and prospects.
Application of 9-Channel Pseudo-Color Maps in Deep Learning for Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection
Authors: Sato Shimpei , Oura Daisuke , Sugimori Hiroyuki
Published: February 2025

[Background] In computed tomography (CT) for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), the various window settings and the continuity of slices are critical factors for accurate diagnosis. However, traditional convolutional neural networks typically accept only single-slice images. Since ICH lesions often extend across multiple slices, using only single-slice images may result in reduced diagnostic accuracy by neglecting spatial continuity. Our approach addresses this limitation by integrating multi-slice information through a 9-channel pseudo-color map. To address this limitation, we explored the use of a 9-channel pseudo-color map for the discrimination of ICH in CT. [Method] A total of 21,744 cases (normal controls: 12,862; abnormal cases: 8882) from an open dataset were utilized for model training and validation. Abnormal cases included a variety of ICHs. The 9-channel pseudo-color map was generated by combining three different window settings with three continuous slices. ResNeXt50-32x4d architecture with five-fold cross-validation used. A total of 956 clinical cases were used for model testing. [Result] A total of 558,738 images were included in the model training process. The optimal model performance metrics were as follows: accuracy: 95.92%, sensitivity: 96.37%, and specificity: 95.24%. The average processing time for each case was recorded as 3.29 s. [Conclusions] The 9-channel pseudo-color map demonstrates high accuracy in the discrimination of ICH in CT images using deep learning methodologies.
Optimizing Nutritional Management Before and After Bariatric Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide for Sustained Weight Loss and Metabolic Health
Authors: Frias-Toral Evelyn , Chapela Sebastián , Gonzalez Victoria , Martinuzzi Andres , Locatelli Julieta , Llobera Natalia , Manrique Ezequiel , Sarno Gerardo , Mingo Monica , Marchese Federica , Cuomo Raffaele , Romaniello Ludovica , Perna Martina , Giordano Annalisa , Santella Biagio , Schiavo Luigi
Published: February 2025

Obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities that contribute to increased mortality among affected individuals. There are multiple treatments for this condition, including nutritional interventions, pharmacological therapies, and surgical procedures. Within these, bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option that requires a multidisciplinary approach, both before and after surgery. Nutritional management prior to surgery aims to achieve metabolic control and reduce comorbidities associated with the procedure. Postoperative nutritional management focuses on preventing complications, ensuring adequate nourishment, and providing necessary supplementation for optimal recovery and long-term success. This narrative review examines all these critical aspects of nutritional management in bariatric surgery, including preoperative nutrition, postoperative nutrition and physical activity recommendation, different nutritional aspects according to the type of bariatric surgery, and future directions for investigation.
The Role of the Gut Microbiome and Probiotics in Sports Performance: A Narrative Review Update
Authors: Jarrett Harry , Medlin Sophie , Morehen James
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Gut microbiome modulation through probiotics is a growing area of research, with several investigations reporting beneficial health outcomes for the host. Physical exercise has been shown to impact gut microbiome diversity. Emerging evidence suggests that probiotic supplementation can affect exercise performance. However, the mechanisms and domain-specific effects of gut microbiome modulation on performance remain to be elucidated. This narrative review aims to investigate the potential mechanisms underpinning the ergogenic benefits of probiotics and further define the current evidence base for specific performance domains. Discussion: The literature suggests that improved recovery after intense training regimes, enhanced nutrient absorption, alleviation of gastrointestinal symptoms, and improved immune function may underpin the beneficial effects of probiotics on sporting performance. A small number of trials also suggest that probiotic supplementation may improve symptoms of performance anxiety. However, further research is warranted on this topic. The evidence is most substantial for improvements in endurance performance, whilst only a few trials have investigated the impact upon power performance, albeit with promising results. Conclusions/Future Perspectives: In summary, probiotic supplementation has been shown to improve sporting performance; future research may wish to further explore the impact on power performance and investigate specific mechanisms of action.
Diversity of Parasites in Two Sympatric Species of Brazilian Tetras (Characiformes: Acestrorhamphidae) in the Caatinga Domain, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Silva Bruno Anderson Fernandes da , Falkenberg Julia Martini , Yamada Fábio Hideki
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the parasitic biodiversity of the fish species Astyanax bimaculatus and Psalidodon fasciatus in a stream located in the Chapada do Araripe Environmental Protection Area (APA), state of Ceará, Brazil, contributing to the understanding of parasitic fauna diversity of freshwater fish in neotropics. In total, 292 fish specimens were collected and analyzed, identifying 13 parasite taxa in A. bimaculatus and 11 in P. fasciatus. Several parasite groups were identified, including myxozoans, monogeneans, digeneans, and nematodes. The host A. bimaculatus exhibited a higher number of parasite taxa and abundance compared to P. fasciatus. The lower sample size for P. fasciatus reflects its naturally lower abundance in the wild, but the analyses accounted for sampling bias, ensuring comparisons of the parasite communities of these two fish species. The parasite communities of both species showed high similarity, indicating potential host-switching or co-evolutionary patterns. Positive correlations were observed between parasite diversity, species richness, abundance, and host weight/length. The study expands the knowledge of parasite–host associations and the geographical distribution of parasite species in Northeastern Brazil, a region where such data remain underreported.
Mite Infestation Induces a Moderate Oxidative Stress in Short-Term Soybean Exposure
Authors: Wurlitzer Wesley Borges , Schneider Julia Renata , Silveira Joaquim A. G. , de Almeida Oliveira Maria Goreti , Ferla Noeli Juarez
Published: February 2025

Phytophagous mites are herbivores that feed on various economically important plants, such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril]. Thus, our objective is to evaluate the oxidative stress stage of soybean plants infested by Tetranychus ludeni Zacher. Leaflets from three trifoliate leaves were pooled to form composite samples for each exposure time and evaluated at the following evaluation times: 0 h, 20 min, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. In the initial phase of infestation (20 min), an oxidative burst was observed, represented by prominent hydrogen peroxide accumulation rather than superoxide radicals. This oxidative burst occurred in parallel to a strong increase in the antioxidant activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase, but not in that of superoxide dismutase. These changes likely reflected an enhanced activation of signaling pathways involved in the oxidative stress response. After this initial phase, from 20 min to 6 h, a prominent decrease occurred in catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferases activities, despite the hydrogen peroxide levels remaining significantly elevated, along with a marked but transient increase in the reduced glutathione content and proline. Interestingly, superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly after 6 h in parallel to lipid peroxidation, whereas the content of hydrogen peroxide remained elevated until 12 h of infestation. By the final evaluation, after 48 h of infestation, some redox indicators remained altered in relation to control plants, but in a state of moderate redox stress. Thus, in an unprecedented way, our data suggest that T. ludeni infestation triggered a moderate oxidative stress response in soybean plants. These findings highlight that proper monitoring and management can reduce economic losses without resorting to aggressive chemical interventions.
Allyl-Functionalized Polysaccharides for 3D Printable Hydrogels Through Thiol–Ene Click Chemistry
Authors: Atmani Zakaria , Steindorfer Tobias , Kargl Rupert , Kleinschek Karin Stana , Heinze Thomas , Gericke Martin
Published: February 2025

This study presents the synthesis of allyl-functionalized polysaccharide carbamates (AFCs) with tailored water solubility designed for use in responsive hydrogels and 3D printing applications. A modular one-pot approach was employed to produce cellulose- and xylan-based AFCs, utilizing polysaccharide phenyl carbonates as activated compounds. By fine-tuning the degree of substitution (DS) of functional groups, the water solubility and shear-thinning properties of AFCs were controlled to enhance the gelation and printability. AFC-based hydrogels could be obtained by rapid gelation induced without harmful catalysts through UV irradiation at 365 nm. The materials displayed highly porous and interconnected microstructures, as well as mechanical resilience and high swelling ratios. The hydrogel formation was characterized, and its crosslinking degree was calculated using HR-MAS NMR. The study demonstrated that gelation behavior was sensitive to the pH value, with optimal results under neutral or acidic conditions. Initial 3D printing trials confirmed the material’s rapid shaping capabilities, which is beneficial for biomedical applications and advanced manufacturing of stimuli-responsive materials.
Study of Energy Distribution in a Photovoltaic Park in Tulcea County, Romania
Authors: Strejoiu Cristian-Valentin , Osman Mohammed Gmal , Stoica Dorel , Panait Cornel , Lăzăroiu Gheorghe
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes the design, installation, and performance evaluation of a photovoltaic farm located in Tulcea County, Romania, connected to a 20 kV distribution network. With a peak capacity of approximately 2800 kWp, the farm takes advantage of Romania’s favorable climate conditions and the support provided by renewable energy policies. The analysis covers both the photovoltaic panel array and the electrical energy evacuation system. The substation at the park is equipped with technology that complies with European standards and integrates advanced features typical of modern distribution networks. The operational performance evaluation includes detailed calculations of the performance ratio and power losses, attributed to factors such as temperature fluctuations, panel fouling, inverter efficiency, grid-related issues, and system availability. The farm contributes around 3620 MWh of electricity to the grid annually, demonstrating the important role of photovoltaic installations in promoting sustainable energy solutions at the regional level.
Implementation of a Sustainable Framework for Process Optimization Through the Integration of Robotic Process Automation and Big Data in the Evolution of Industry 4.0
Authors: Patrício Leonel , Varela Leonilde , Silveira Zilda
Published: February 2025

This study explores the integration of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and Big Data within a sustainable framework for process optimization in the context of Industry 4.0. As industries strive to enhance operational efficiency while maintaining sustainability, the need for innovative solutions has become crucial. The research applies the PICO methodology (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) to assess the impact of combining these technologies on process optimization and sustainability. Through a real-world case study, the study demonstrates that the integration of RPA and Big Data significantly reduces execution times, minimizes operational errors, and promotes sustainable business practices. The results show that the combined framework not only enhances efficiency but also contributes to lower economic, environmental, and social impacts. The findings validate the research hypotheses, proving that the proposed framework fosters a balance between technological advancement and sustainability. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of Industry 4.0 technologies to drive both operational efficiency and corporate responsibility, offering a novel approach for industries seeking to embrace digital transformation while achieving long-term sustainability. The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the synergy between RPA, Big Data, and sustainability in industrial contexts.
Insights of Density Functional Theory into JP-10 Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene Fuel Properties
Authors: Rijal Dilip , Vasilyev Vladislav , Yang Yunxia , Wang Feng
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the structural, spectroscopic, and electronic properties of the synthetic missile fuel exo- and endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (THDCPD, JP-10) using density functional theory (DFT). It is to understand the dominance of the liquid exo-isomer (96%) of the jet fuel from the subtle differences between the isomers. The present DFT calculations reveal that the exo-isomer is 15.51 kJ/mol more stable than the endo-isomer, attributed to the flipping of the triangular ΔC8-C10-C9 ring in its norbornane skeleton. Calculated nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and infrared (IR) spectra, validated by experimental data, reveal larger chemical shifts for junction carbons (C1/C2 and C3/C4) due to reduced electron shielding and show distinct vibrational patterns. Charge analysis indicates that all carbon atoms are negatively charged except for the C1/C2 carbons which are positively charged in both isomers. While overall IR spectra of the isomers appear similar, bands near 3000 cm−1 correspond to distinctly different vibrational modes. The exo-isomer’s electronic structure features a more delocalized HOMO and a larger HOMO-LUMO gap (7.63 eV) than the endo-isomer (7.37 eV). All such differences contribute to the properties of exo-THDCPD and, therefore, why the exo-isomer dominates JP-10 fuel.
Advancements in Sustainable Electrolytic Manganese Recovery: Techniques, Mechanisms, and Future Trends
Authors: Li Yunyu , Pan Xuhai , Amini Horri Bahman
Published: February 2025

Electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) produced from recyclable resources has recently gained increasing attention due to the scarcity of high-quality manganese natural resources and its broad range of applications. This review has summarised recent progress in manganese recovery techniques, including pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. It has also critically assessed the processes and mechanisms involved in manganese electrodeposition for the Mn chloride- and Mn sulphate-based systems, with a major focus on electrode reactions and Mn nucleation growth. The key optimisation factors influencing manganese electrodeposition, such as electrolytes, power consumption, additives, cell structures, and electrode materials, were analysed, with particular attention to their impact on current efficiency, specific energy consumption, and product quality. The recent research directions were also highlighted to address practical challenges and enhance the sustainability of the EMM process, which mainly includes improving the ecological outcomes and reducing both the operating and investment costs. Promising strategies for the simultaneous production of EMM and electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) were also identified, which mainly comprised applying membrane technology, electrodeposition from ionic liquids, recycling and reusing waste materials, and exploring hybrid techniques. The results of this study showed that the prospective optimisation approaches for EMM are mainly driven by the need to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve product quality through sustainable technological advancements. This review can be used as a comprehensive guide for manganese electrodeposition approaches for both practical and scientific research communities.
God-Perfecting Man: Theurgical Elements in the Mysticism of Muḥyī l-Dīn Ibn al-ʿArabī (560/1165–638/1240) and Their Historical Significance
Authors: Ebstein Michael
Published: February 2025

The following article aims at highlighting the theurgical tendencies in the teachings of the great Andalusī Muslim mystic Muḥyī l-Dīn Ibn al-ʿArabī (560/1165–638/1240). By “theurgy” is meant the influence of man on Divinity in its manifest external dimension, that is to say, the dimension of God that creates beings and is involved with their lives and fortunes, as opposed to His hidden essence. The category “theurgy/theurgical” is adopted from the modern academic study of Kabbalah, and is ultimately derived from Late Antique Neoplatonism. The bulk of this article is dedicated to analyzing relevant texts from Ibn al-ʿArabī’s oeuvre and elucidating the theurgical elements reflected in them, while the last two sections (5–6) present preliminary observations on the relevant links between Ibn al-ʿArabī, Kabbalah, and Late Antique Neoplatonism. It is argued that these three traditions should be studied together, as they shed light on one another.
Why Kant’s Moral–Religious Project Was Bound to Unravel
Authors: Woo Jaeha
Published: February 2025

After criticizing the three traditional proofs of divine existence in the first Critique, Kant fills this void with an apologetic argument based on his practical philosophy. However, this moral–religious project has long been charged with various inconsistencies, particularly regarding the tension between the demand for moral perfection and human limitation. There is even some indication that he becomes aware of these issues, as he later moves away from the vision of endless moral progress that holds his original project together. However, this revision does not resolve all the tensions, as the question of how imperfect humans can be well-pleasing to God remains. I argue that this predicament is a difficult-to-avoid feature of his project given how it interacts with his religious context of Lutheran Christianity. This is because he incorporates some of its elements (particularly its uncompromising moral standard) virtually intact while radically altering others (such as vicarious atonement and imputation of alien righteousness). However, this procedure undermines the coherence of the tradition he inherits because the elements he fully incorporates are meant to lead to the traditional doctrines he leaves behind. I conclude by reflecting on how theists who are sympathetic to Kant should lead his moral–religious project out of its current precarious predicament.
Energy, Exergy, and Exergo-Sustainability Analysis of a Brayton S-CO2/Kalina Operating in Araçuaí, Brazil, Using Solar Energy as a Thermal Source
Authors: Córdoba Juan , Valencia Guillermo , Molina Branda
Published: February 2025

Climate change and increasing energy demand drive the search for sustainable alternatives for power generation. In this study, an energy, exergy, and exergy-sustainability analysis was performed on a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle with intercooling and reheating, coupled to a Kalina cycle for waste heat recovery, using solar energy as a thermal source in Araçuaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil, a city that holds the historical record for the highest temperature recorded in Brazilian territory. The results show that at 900 °C the maximum values of thermal efficiency (56.67%), net power (186.55 kW), and destroyed exergy (621.62 kW) were reached, while the maximum exergy efficiency, 24.92%, was achieved at 700 °C. At a turbine inlet pressure of 18 MPa, the maximum thermal (54.48%) and exergy (24.50%) efficiencies were obtained. Likewise, working with a compressor efficiency of 95%, a thermal efficiency of 54.98%, a net power of 165.84 kW, and an exergy efficiency of 24.62% was achieved, reducing the exergy destroyed to 504.95 kW. The solar field presented the highest rate of irreversibilities (~62.2%). Finally, the exergy-sustainability analysis identified 700 °C as the outstanding operating temperature. This research highlights the technical feasibility of operating Brayton S-CO2 combined cycles with concentrated solar power (CSP) systems in regions of high solar irradiation, evidencing the potential of CSP systems to generate renewable energy efficiently and sustainably under extreme solar conditions.
Leveraging Artificial Occluded Samples for Data Augmentation in Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Mathe Eirini , Vernikos Ioannis , Spyrou Evaggelos , Mylonas Phivos
Published: February 2025

A significant challenge in human activity recognition lies in the limited size and diversity of training datasets, which can lead to overfitting and the poor generalization of deep learning models. Common solutions include data augmentation and transfer learning. This paper introduces a novel data augmentation method that simulates occlusion by artificially removing body parts from skeleton representations in training datasets. This contrasts with previous approaches that focused on augmenting data with rotated skeletons. The proposed method increases dataset size and diversity, enabling models to handle a broader range of scenarios. Occlusion, a common challenge in real-world HAR, occurs when body parts or external objects block visibility, disrupting activity recognition. By leveraging artificially occluded samples, the proposed methodology enhances model robustness, leading to improved recognition performance, even on non-occluded activities.
A Delay Performance Analysis and Wireless Resource Allocation Scheme Based on Martingale Theory
Authors: Yu Baozhu , Jiao Ziyang , Xu Shuheng
Published: February 2025

Statistical delay quality of service (QoS) provisioning is crucial for ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLCs). In this paper, a precise delay performance analysis framework is proposed based on martingale theory and a wireless resource configuration scheme is designed. A tight upper bound of delay violation probability is conducted for the aggregated traffic composed of bursty flows and independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) flows. A martingale of aggregated arrival processes is constructed. Based on the definition of martingale processes, the martingale parameters are determined by considering the statistical features of flows, which expose the impacts of heterogeneous flows entangled with each other on system delay. A stopping time event related to delay is defined. Leveraging the stopping time theory of martingale processes, the complementary cumulative distribution function of delay is captured, which reveals the implicit relationship among aggregated traffic, service schemes, and delay performance. Guided by the theoretical upper bound of delay violation probability, a bandwidth estimation algorithm is proposed, which facilitates the decoupling of the statistical delay QoS requirements as the bandwidth demands. Subject to the bandwidth demands, a wireless resource allocation problem is formulated. Based on the Lagrangian convex optimization framework, the closed form of the transmission power is obtained. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the martingale-based delay performance analysis method and power allocation scheme.
Research on High-Responsivity Si/Ge-APD in Visible–Near-Infrared Wide Spectrum with Light-Absorption-Enhanced Nanostructure
Authors: Guo Guangtong , Chen Weishuai , Zheng Kaifeng , Lv Jinguang , Chen Yupeng , Zhao Baixuan , Zhao Yingze , Qin Yuxin , Wang Xuefei , Gao Dan , Liang Jingqiu , Wang Weibiao
Published: February 2025

Photodetectors with broad spectral response and high responsivity demonstrate significant potential in optoelectronic applications. This study proposes a Si/Ge avalanche photodiode featuring nanostructures that enhance light absorption. By optimizing the device epitaxial structure and these nanostructures, a wide spectral responsivity from 0.4 to 1.6 μm is achieved. The results demonstrate that introducing surface photon-trapping nanoholes and SiO2 reflective grating nanostructures increases the average light absorptivity from 0.64 to 0.84 in the 0.4–1.1 μm range and from 0.31 to 0.56 in the 1.1–1.6 μm range. At an applied bias of 0.95 Vbr-apd, the responsivity reaches 17.24 A/W at 1.31 μm and 17.6 A/W at 1.55 μm. This research provides theoretical insights for designing high-responsivity photodetectors in the visible–near-infrared broadband spectrum.