bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choosing new careers: patterns of occupational change within vocational education and training and fulfillment of career aspirations in Germany
Authors: Wicht Alexandra , Beckmann Janina , Siembab Matthias , Herrmann Lisa
Published: November 2024

This study investigates occupational changes in the German vocational education and training system among “stopouts,” i.e., individuals who terminate their training prematurely and switch to another occupation. We examine whether occupational changes are related to the fulfillment of career aspirations and changes in key occupational characteristics such as gender typing, social status, and task profiles. Utilizing longitudinal data from the German National Educational Panel Study and employing latent class analyses, we scrutinize patterns of change in occupational characteristics across different social categories. Results indicate that the majority of stopouts switch to occupations more aligned with their career aspirations, reflecting individual agency in career development. We identify two types of latent classes of occupational change: one in which characteristics remain more or less consistent with the previous position, reflecting practices of fine-tuning, and another showing notable task profile differences compared to the previous position. The latter primarily concerns medium-educated individuals who face a wider array of career opportunities compared to their lower-educated counterparts. Our findings emphasize the dynamic nature of career decision-making and stress the need for support for individuals undergoing career transitions. Career counselors and practitioners can use these insights to encourage alignment with individual occupational aspirations, address career compromises, and promote exploration based on interests, particularly among individuals with a medium-level education and diverse career options.
Spatio-temporal pattern and entropy variation of agricultural heritage in China
Authors: Ge Beichen , Song Yuhong , Wang Jing , Wang Yi , Yuan Xi
Published: November 2024

As one of the pioneering nations to heed the Food and Agriculture Organization (FOA) initiative, China has implemented a comprehensive evaluation and protection framework for China’s Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (CNIAHS). This research concentrated on 188 CNIAHS sites, utilizing methodologies including spatial information entropy, kernel density estimation and hotspot analysis to scrutinize the spatial configurations and evolutionary trajectories of CNIAHS throughout six historical epochs; combined with the history of agriculture in different periods, the laws of the formation of CNIAHS spatial distribution are discovered, and a foundation for the construction of CNIAHS protection system under the background of national spatial planning are provided. The results disclose: (1) CNIAHS manifests a clustered spatial distribution, predominantly situated in the southeastern sector of China’s Yangtze River Basin, with Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Jiangxi provinces emerging as significant hotspot areas; (2) concerning spatial pattern evolution, heritage sites experienced a phased transitional process, migrating from western frontier areas to the central Yellow River Basin, subsequently concentrating in the southeastern Yangtze River Basin, and then redistributing back to frontier regions. This progression has cumulatively formed a spatial pattern mainly concentrated in southeastern China; (3) pertaining to typological patterns, high-value crop and spice systems exhibit a clustered spatial distribution, whereas other types display uniform or dispersed configurations; and (4) the complexity of spatial patterns in various regions increased over different periods, with the number of heritage sites demonstrating cumulative characteristics. The spatial patterns indicated weakly correlated transitional shifts, signifying a non-linear progression in the spatial patterns of CNIAHS. (5) The subsequent excavation of CNIAHS should fan out from point to area to promote the exploration of various types of CNIAHS in northeast and southwest China; and the excavation of marine heritage in the southeast China. These insights provide substantial references for the future exploration and preservation of CNIAHS.
Effects of mineral mode and textural variation on the seismic anisotropy in lithospheric mantle: an example from Horoman peridotites
Authors: Matsuyama Kazuki , Michibayashi Katsuyoshi
Published: November 2024

We performed a numerical analysis of seismic velocities in mantle peridotite using the elastic constants and crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) of olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene. Proportions of olivine in the samples ranged from 50 to 100% mechanically, whereas the two pyroxenes ranged from 0 to 50%. We utilized three lherzolite samples from the Horoman peridotite complex for this study. As the quantity of pyroxene increased, the P-wave velocities in the X-direction (8.35–9.14 km/s) and P-wave anisotropies (5.51–14.50%) decreased in all samples. However, the S1-wave velocities remained relatively consistent, with Vs1 ranging from 4.79 to 5.15 km/s and Vs2 from 4.55 to 4.92 km/s. The maximum S-wave anisotropies decreased as orthopyroxene contents increased. As a consequence, non-negligible effects of pyroxenes resulted in the variation of seismic velocities, suggesting the orthopyroxene/clinopyroxene contents and their CPOs could be one of critical factors for evaluating seismic anisotropy within the upper mantle.

Graphical abstract
Homoclinic bifurcation of a rate-weakening patch in a viscoelastic medium and effect of strength contrast
Authors: Noda Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Makoto
Published: November 2024

The time-dependent viscoelastic deformation of host rocks is important when considering the dynamics of fault behavior, specifically in brittle–ductile transitional regions or shallow subduction zones, because it relaxes stress heterogeneity and affects loading to the fault. For a rate-and-state fault embedded in a Maxwell viscoelastic medium, a previous study discovered a transition from repeated earthquakes to the permanent stuck of a rate-weakening patch (EQ–ST transition) with decreased viscoelastic relaxation time $${t}_{\text{c}}$$

t
c

. This transition differs from the well-known seismic–aseismic transition explained by the Hopf bifurcation at the critical stiffness of an elastic system. To better understand the EQ–ST transition, quantifying the effect of heterogeneous frictional strength is important, because this effect is characteristic to the viscoelastic medium and is absent in the elastic limit. Previous experimental studies suggest a potential contrast in frictional strength $$\Delta {f}_{*}$$

Δ

f

∗

in such a way that a rate-weakening patch is stronger than a rate-strengthening region containing clay minerals. Here, we conducted two-dimensional, fully dynamic earthquake sequence simulations for a fault in a Maxwell viscoelastic medium; we investigated the EQ–ST transition in the two-dimensional parameter space of $${t}_{\text{c}}$$

t
c

and $$\Delta {f}_{*}$$

Δ

f

∗

. With $$\Delta {f}_{*}=0.3$$

Δ

f

∗

=
0.3

, the EQ–ST transition occurred at about 1 order of magnitude larger $${t}_{\text{c}}$$

t
c

than in the case with $$\Delta {f}_{*}=0$$

Δ

f

∗

=
0

. We constructed a coarse-grained model with only two degrees of freedom based on the spatial average. Consequently, the coarse-grained model behaves remarkably similar to the continuum model, and the EQ–ST transition is associated with a homoclinic bifurcation. The EQ–ST boundary in the parameter space can be quantitatively explained by considering elastic loading due to creep in the rate-strengthening region and unloading by viscoelastic relaxation of the stress heterogeneity comparable to $$\Delta {f}_{*}$$

Δ

f

∗

. A larger rate-weakening patch is anticipated to become aseismic earlier as $${t}_{\text{c}}$$

t
c

decreases, because the elastic loading rate is inversely correlated with the patch size. This may be qualitatively consistent with the change in the size distribution of events around the brittle–ductile transition in observations and laboratory experiments; however, further investigations on, for example, the interactions of events and changes in frictional parameters with depth are required for quantitative discussion.

Graphical abstract
The Use of Extended Reality Technologies in Sport Perceptual-Cognitive Skill Research: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Kittel Aden , Lindsay Riki , Le Noury Peter , Wilkins Luke
Published: November 2024

Background

Extended Reality (XR) technologies, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and 360°VR are growing rapidly in the scientific literature and sporting practice. These have been used for a range of skills, particularly perceptual-cognitive skills. However, to our knowledge, there is no systematic scoping review on this topic identifying the current state of play of the research area by characteristics such as study type, technology type, or sport investigated, and such a review would help guide the future direction of this area. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review the extent of XR technology in sport for assessing and training athletes’ and officials’ perceptual-cognitive skills.

Methods

Electronic databases (SCOPUS, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO) were searched for relevant articles up until January 2024. Studies were included if they used XR technologies to assess or develop sport-specific, higher order perceptual-cognitive skills.

Results

57 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, of which 67% were published from 2020. Most studies conducted quantitative research designs, with 66% of studies adopting a cross-sectional assessment approach and 28% conducting an intervention to assess performance improvements. Decision-making was the most prevalent skill investigated, across 60% of studies. The most common technology was head mounted display (51%) presenting animated environments and the most common sports investigated were football and handball (32% and 19% of studies, respectively).

Conclusions

This review highlights a significant growth in the research exploring XR technologies in sport for perceptual-cognitive skill development and understanding, with most studies published in the last 4 years. Prominent technology types (e.g. animated HMD), perceptual-cognitive skills (e.g. decision making), study designs (e.g. quantitative assessment), and sports (e.g. football) are identified and discussed along with practical implications and future research.

Key Points

Extended reality technologies for sports perceptual-cognitive skills is an emerging field, marked by key trends in the types of technology used and the perceptual-cognitive skills being studied.

Decision-making is the most commonly studied perceptual-cognitive skill, and these technologies report to have high representativeness and engagement when being used.

More research is required to explore the effectiveness of this technology through intervention study designs, and further understand how it can be used and the perceptual-cognitive processes through qualitative research designs.
Understanding the home range characteristics of the first naturally bred pair of crested ibis(Nipponia nippon) released into the natural habitat
Authors: Lee Soodong , Oh Chunghyeon , Cho Bonggyo , Han Youngsub
Published: November 2024

Background

The crested ibis, a species that relies on wetland ecosystems for survival, was once found throughout East Asia but has declined to near extinction in Korea, Russia, and Japan, except China. Artificial propagation of seven individuals found in Yangxian, Shaanxi Province, China has resulted in a stable population. Furthermore, South Korea and Japan are working on restoring populations through donations from China. Artificial propagation began in 2008, and in 2019, 40 individuals born between 2014 and 2018 were released into the natural habitat for the first time. We conducted this study to analyze the habitat environment, home range, and habitat usage patterns of a 2016-born male and a 2017-born female who attempted to reproduce naturally for the first time.

Results

After forming a breeding pair on April 3, 2020, the pair made two breeding attempts, built a nest in Pinus densiflora, and succeeded in hatching the chicks, but failed to raise them. The home range analysis showed that the area was 1.777–2.425 km² for MCP 100%, and 0.347–2.085 km² for 95% KDE. Meanwhile, the core habitat ranged from 0.007 to 0.296 km² (KDE 50%), indicating differences depending on the time of year and the individual being studied. Breeding pairs were estimated to spend over 50% of their recorded occurrences within 50 m during nesting for incubation, resting, and other activities. They mainly used in paddy fields, but from April to June, when onions and garlic were growing, they searched for food in fields, cemeteries, reservoirs, and other areas.

Conclusion

Breeding pairs have increasingly become more active near the nest, and Changnyeong-gun, where they were released, has large agricultural land suitable for crested ibis habitat. However, there is a problem that during the breeding season from April to June, most paddy fields are maintained as garlic and onion fields, which are then converted back for rice cultivation from May to June through double-cropping. Accordingly, for stable laying and rearing, it is necessary to contemplate how to maintain rice paddies, which serve as feeding grounds in the core habitats.
Outcome evaluation for the treatment of low flow venous and lymphatic malformations
Authors: Moussa R. M. , Oseni A. O. , Patel S. , Mailli L. , Morgan R. , Ratnam L. A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To propose a standardized method of subjectively and objectively evaluating outcomes of sclerotherapy in treating low flow vascular malformations.

Materials and methods

Sixty-six patients with low flow vascular malformations (venous, lymphatic, or combined) were treated with percutaneous sclerotherapy using bleomycin, doxycycline, or sodium tetradecyl sulphate. Each lesion required between 2–5 sessions of sclerotherapy with 8-week intervals in between.

The success of sclerotherapy was evaluated subjectively and objectively. The subjective response was based on the degree of patient satisfaction, by recording improvement of their symptoms and quality of life. The objective response was based on the changes in lesion characteristics after treatment, by recording changes in size, sonographic features, number of cystic spaces, and development of phleboliths.

Results

91% of our patients were satisfied with the treatment and reported improvement of symptoms and quality of life. Radiologically, 62% (41/66) of the patients had a reduction in lesion size, 77% (51/66) had a change in echogenicity, 84% (51/61) had a reduction in cystic spaces, and 68% (30/44) developed phleboliths. Of the patients reporting significant improvement, 94% displayed reduction in cystic spaces, 89% displayed change in the echogenicity and 71% showed changes in the size of the lesions, representing a linear correlation.

Conclusion

Evaluating the outcomes of percutaneous sclerotherapy for treating vascular malformations is a recognized challenge. Creating a questionnaire with defined parameters to apply before and after treatment allows objective measurement of outcomes. This will enable improved treatment pathways and treatment choice for patients, informed consent, and enable outcome comparison with other centers.
Gallium-67 SPECT/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI in the palatal tumor: report of a rare case with adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified
Authors: Kameta Ayako , Sasaki Yoshihiko , Kanri Yoriaki , Okada Yasuo , Ogura Ichiro
Published: November 2024

Background

Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) is an uncommon malignant minor salivary gland tumor. We report gallium-67 SPECT/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) in the palatal tumor, especially a rare case with adenocarcinoma NOS.

Case presentation

An 85-year-old female patient presented with swelling on the palate within 3 months. DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps indicated high and low signal intensities on the lesion, respectively. ADC value of the lesion was 0.58 × 10–3 mm2s−1. Gallium-67 SPECT/CT showed increased uptake on the lesion and no metastasis. The maximum SUV for the palatal lesion was 7.36. Histopathological diagnosis by a biopsy was adenocarcinoma NOS.

Conclusion

The gallium-67 SPECT/CT and DWI should be effective for assessment of the palatal tumor.
An efficient cross-borehole direct current resistivity monitoring instrument
Authors: Liu Lichao , Domenzain Gonzalez Diego , Vela Ivan , Maurya Pradip Kumar , Kühl Anders K. , Bording Thue , Ejlskov Palle , Auken Esben , Larsen Jakob Juul , Christiansen Anders Vest
Published: November 2024

Detailed mapping of pumped agents in in situ groundwater remediation is beneficial for ensuring satisfactory coverage of the contaminated volume. Cross-borehole resistivity measurements can provide time-lapse 3D (or 4D) images that highlight the anomaly volume created by the introduction of agents when the injection has a distinctive conductivity contrast, thereby guiding the injection process. However, existing instruments are mainly designed for surface measurements. We develop an efficient cross-borehole resistivity instrument capable of generating data sets from numerous quadrupoles. After inversion, these data reveal 4D subsurface electrical parameters across the remediation zone. We determine its efficiency by acquiring 599,760 quadrupole measurements at a groundwater remediation test site in just 7.5 h. The two data sets collected before and after agent injection clearly delineate the amendment zone, characterized by the lower resistivity of the remediation agent.
A multidimensional toolkit for elucidating temporal trajectories in cell development in vivo
Authors: Ono Masahiro , Crompton Tessa
Published: November 2024

Progenitor cells initiate development upon receiving key signals, dynamically altering gene and protein expression to diverge into various lineages and fates. Despite the use of several experimental approaches, including the Fluorescent Timer-based method Timer-of-cell-kinetics-and-activity (Tocky), analysing time-dependent processes at the single-cell level in vivo remains challenging. This study introduces a novel integrated experimental and computational approach, using an advanced multidimensional toolkit. This toolkit facilitates the simultaneous examination of temporal progression and T-cell profiles using high-dimensional flow cytometric data. Employing novel algorithms based on canonical correspondence analysis and network analysis, our toolkit identifies developmental trajectories and analyses dynamic changes in developing cells. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated by analysing thymic T cells from Nr4a3-Tocky mice, which monitor activities downstream of the T-cell receptor (TCR) signal. Further validation was achieved by deleting the proapoptotic gene Bcl2l11 in Nr4a3-Tocky mice. This revealed dynamic changes in thymic T cells during cellular development and negative selection following TCR signalling. Overall, this study establishes a new method for analysing the temporal dynamics of individual developing cells in response to in vivo signalling cues.
The Ras-related nuclear GTPase RAN1 ensures pollen size and tube growth by maintaining the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Li Yihao , Zhao Yuwan , Zhang Haining , Liu Peiwei , Ren Haiyun
Published: November 2024

Controlling organ size in plants is a complex biological process influenced by various factors, including gene expression, genome ploidy and environmental conditions. Despite its importance for plant growth and development, the mechanisms underlying organ size regulation remain unknown. Here, we investigated the role of RAN1, a member of the Ras-related nuclear GTPase family, in regulating pollen size. A RAN1 knockdown mutant (ran1-1) exhibited a significant reduction in pollen size, accompanied by impaired germination and reduced pollen tube growth. RAN1 mutation caused disruptions in actin filament organization, such as aberrant structure of actin collar due to the dysregulation of expression of actin-binding proteins. Furthermore, we identified that mutation of the transcription activator SHORT HYPOCOTYL UNDER BLUE1 (SHB1) showed similar but milder phenotypes in pollen compared to ran1-1. Genetic evidence suggested that SHB1 acts downstream of RAN1. Transient expression assays in leaves showed that SHB1 was largely retained in the cytoplasm of the ran1-1 mutant, potentially affecting the expression of actin-binding proteins. These findings highlight the pivotal role of RAN1 in modulating pollen size and development, providing valuable insights into cell size regulation.
Η ερασιτεχνική ενασχόληση με την τέχνη της φωτογραφίας ως μαθησιακή εμπειρία
Authors: Παπαϊωάννου Βασιλική
Published: November 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή εξετάζει τη διείσδυση της φωτογραφίας στον κοινωνικό χώρο ως μέσο καλλιτεχνικής έκφρασης και εστιάζει στη μαθησιακή διάσταση της διαδικασίας. Επιχειρεί να αποσαφηνίσει τους μηχανισμούς μάθησης που οδηγούν στη συγκρότηση του ερασιτέχνη φωτογράφου, δημιουργώντας ένα μοντέλο ερμηνείας που αναδεικνύει το ρόλο του ενδιαφέροντος ως εσωτερική κινητήρια δύναμη, ικανή να οδηγήσει σε ουσιαστική μάθηση μέσα από μη τυπικές και άτυπες μαθησιακές διαδρομές. Θέματα που προσεγγίζονται είναι η ανάπτυξη του προσωπικού ενδιαφέροντος, οι στρατηγικές και οι μέθοδοι που ακολουθούνται, τα εμπόδια και οι διευκολυντές της πορείας και η αντίληψη που σχηματίζεται για την ατομική ειδημοσύνη αλλά και τον καλλιτεχνικό χώρο της φωτογραφίας, προκειμένου να συγκροτηθεί η ταυτότητα του καλλιτέχνη φωτογράφου. Το μεθοδολογικό πλαίσιο της έρευνας ακολούθησε ποιοτικές μεθόδους, ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις και παρατηρήσεις 40 ερευνητικών υποκειμένων, 32 ερασιτεχνών φωτογράφων και 8 δασκάλων της φωτογραφίας, ενώ σημαντική ήταν και η προσωπική εμπλοκή της ερευνήτριας, που θήτευσε ως ερασιτέχνης στην καλλιτεχνική φωτογραφία. Τα δεδομένα, που προέκυψαν από τη θεματική ανάλυση των συνεντεύξεων, καθώς και από την υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία, τριγωνοποιήθηκαν και οργανώθηκαν σε πέντε θεματικούς άξονες, αντίστοιχους των ερευνητικών ερωτημάτων που τέθηκαν. Τα συμπεράσματα ανέδειξαν την ερασιτεχνική φωτογραφία ως ένα πεδίο ενασχόλησης που δεν περιορίζεται ηλικιακά, έχει συχνά αφετηρία τις οικογενειακές στιγμές και τις προσωπικές εμπειρίες, και λειτουργεί όχι ως απλή αποτύπωση αλλά και ως μέσο κατασκευής νοήματος. Στη διαδρομή αυτή σημαντικοί παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν την εξέλιξη είναι οι ευκαιρίες που προσφέρονται στο ευρύτερο κοινωνικοπολιτισμικό πλαίσιο, ο οικονομικός παράγοντας, η κριτική που ασκείται και κυρίως ο διαθέσιμος χρόνος, ενώ μεγάλη επίδραση ασκεί και η κοινωνική πλευρά του φαινομένου. Είναι έντονη η επίδραση που ασκούν η ένταξη σε ομάδα με κοινό ενδιαφέρον, η κοινωνικοποίηση και η δημιουργία κοινωνικών σχέσεων, αλλά και ο συγχρωτισμός με ομότιμους ή η συνάντηση με έναν εμπνευσμένο δάσκαλο. Στην εξελικτική αυτή πορεία των ερασιτεχνών φωτογράφων αναγνωρίστηκαν τέσσερα στάδια εξέλιξης, που προσδιορίζονται όχι από το φωτογραφικό αποτέλεσμα αλλά κυρίως από την ένταση του ενδιαφέροντος και τη συνακόλουθη ενεργή συμμετοχή και δέσμευση που αποφασίζει ο ερασιτέχνης.
Liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma: performance of pathological response scores
Authors: ben slama Sana , Mallek Ines , Ben Othman Nadia , Bouchabou Bochra , Nakhli Abdelwahab , Hajri Mohammed , Hafedh Mestiri , Lahmar Ahlem , Bacha Dhouha
Published: November 2024

Background Pathological response of liver metastases (LM) from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) to neoadjuvant therapy is a known prognostic factor associated with recurrence and survival. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two prognostic scores in patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM), specifically in stage IV disease. Methods We conducted a study on patients with stage IV colorectal cancer who received preoperative chemotherapy (CT) followed by liver metastasis (LM) resection between 2015 and 2021. Among these patients, 57% had synchronous metastases (diagnosed at the same time as the primary tumor), while the remaining cases were metachronous (diagnosed after the primary tumor). Pathological response was evaluated using both the Rubbia-Brandt tumor regression grade (TRG) and the Blazer scoring system. We then assessed the performance of these two prognostic scores based on homogeneity (using the likelihood ratio, LR+), monotonicity, and discriminative ability (using the area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve, AUC). Results 70 cases were included in the study. Mean age was 56 years. The sex ratio (males/females) was 2.2. Forty patients were stage IV (57%) with synchronous all CRCLMs. The overall survival, all stages combined, was 85.5% at 12 months, 41.7% at 24 months and 19.3% at 36 months. The median survival was better in case of major response (TRG1/TRG2) evaluated at 40.1 and 41.1 months after diagnosis. In cases of partial response (TRG3), the median survival was 32.1 months. In cases with no response (TRG4/TRG5), survival was estimated at 29.9 and 18.5 months. The Rubbia-Brandt TRG had the highest LR+ (10.95). The LR+ of the Rubbia-Brandt score was greater than 10, so it was a test with very strong contribution. The LR+ of the Blazer score was between 5 and 10, it was a test with strong contribution. The Rubbia-Brandt TRG had the highest linearity value (10.73). With a higher AUC of the ROC curve (0.8), the Rubbia-Brandt TRG was better at predicting survival than the Blazer score. Conclusion Surgical resection is the gold standard for CRCLM, with improved prognosis from neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathological response to CT is a key prognostic factor, and the Rubbia Brandt TRG system enhances survival predictivity when combined with ypTN stage.
Impacts of illegal trade on socio-emotional and behavioural skills in macaques
Authors: Rey Amapola , Padrell Maria , Llorente Miquel
Published: November 2024

Decades of research have illuminated the consequences of early adverse rearing experiences in laboratory macaque populations. However, knowledge of the impact of traumatic episodes in non-laboratory settings remains limited. This study investigates the socio-emotional and behavioural impacts of illegal trade on five macaque species, all victims of poaching. We studied 53 focal subjects residing at the Lao Conservation Trust for Wildlife (LCTW), a former zoo converted into a rescue and rehabilitation centre. We categorised their past experiences into seven aspects, encompassing maternal care and interactions with conspecifics. We assessed social engagement and cooperation by analysing social behaviours and employing the Social Responsiveness Scale. Emotional resilience was evaluated by measuring anxiety levels and the occurrence of abnormal behaviours, supported by a welfare questionnaire. Additionally, the introduction of Cattell’s 16PF questionnaire in macaques for the first time aimed to reveal the influence of traumatic experiences on their personality traits. Our findings underscore the significance of early social exposure to conspecifics. Macaques deprived of juvenile social contact show reduced social behaviours and a tendency towards social avoidance in adulthood. Human-reared macaques display increased abnormal behaviours in social contexts, which compromises welfare. Social deprivation with conspecifics during infancy negatively affects psychological stimulation and overall welfare, with prolonged time in illegal trade correlating with increased anxiety levels. Personality traits, such as ‘Calmness’ and ‘Unfriendliness’, are shaped by rearing conditions, with macaques deprived of social interaction showing higher levels of introversion. In summary, the more time macaques spend in human care with minimal exposure to conspecifics, the more pronounced the impacts on anxiety, abnormal social behaviours, and personality traits, highlighting the significant long-term effects of early rearing conditions on their socio-emotional development.
Posterior palatal seal recording: fact and reasons among Iraqi dentists
Authors: Abass Shorouq M. , Khalaf Bayan S. , Jassim Tameem K. , Al-Khafaji Aseel M.
Published: November 2024

Abstract Backgrounds The retention of the maxillary complete denture may be influenced by adequate recording in the patient’s mouth, marking, and carving of the post-dam on the maxillary cast. Failure to do so may lead to loss of retention. Successful denture construction with patient’s comfort could be achieved by effective methods of recording, marking, and carving of the post-dam. The aim of the study was to assess Iraqi dentists in their knowledge and application of the post-dam in maxillary complete dentures. Methods Questionnaires were distributed randomly through online Google Forms and 118 Iraqi dentists with different academic degree participated in the study. A multinomial logistic regression model was also used to assess the nominal outcome variables. Results A High percentage of 90.7% of Iraqi dentists with different academic degree stated that they had the knowledge about the vibrating lines and their location and 84.7% stated that they mark the post-dam on the master cast, while 15.3% stated that the dental technician marks it. More the half (52.5%) of the participants carved the post-dam, while 47.5% of the participants stated that the dental technician did it. For participants not marking the post-dam, 30.5% of the participants stated they depend on the dental technician in marking and/or carve the post-dam, while the fear of denture failure and loss of retention was observed in 25.4% of the participants, followed by 24.6% of participants forgetting to carve, 10.2% of participants had no information about carving, and 9.3% participants found it was difficult to carve. Conclusions Within the limitations of the study, most Iraqi dentists with different academic degree stated that they had the knowledge on the location of vibrating lines. However, recording and carving the post-dam was influenced by the dentist’s personal preference and their dependency on the dental technician.
Microbiology. The workshop
Authors: Minina Natal'ya
Published: November 2024

The textbook describes the structure of the microbiological laboratory, the basic requirements for premises and equipment, types of protective suits for personnel, general occupational safety requirements before, during and after work. The main measures carried out during the localization of emergency situations in the laboratory are considered; general information is given on the rules of operation and cleaning of laboratory premises; basic means and methods of disinfection are presented; requirements for zoological and entomological work are listed; quality control of all laboratory systems, nutrient media and reagents, as well as methods of processing and disinfection of materials during serological and genetic diagnostic studies. The list of pathogenic biological agents by pathogenicity groups and disinfection modes of objects infected with pathogenic microorganisms according to SanPiN 3.3686-21 are given.
As a result of studying the microbiology course, students will gain knowledge about biological diversity, learn how to observe microorganisms, and acquire skills in cultivating and identifying microorganisms.
Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state educational standards.
It is intended for undergraduate students of the 06.03.01 "Biology" field of study, and will also be of interest to undergraduates, graduate students, teachers and researchers who are engaged in research in the field of microbiology, immunology and sanitary microbiology.
Using Descriptive Geometry Methods in the Discipline “Computer Science” for Students of Technical Specialties
Authors: Nesterov I. , Sheyko E. , Chervyakova A.
Published: November 2024

The issues of interdisciplinary interaction of the courses "Computer Science" and "Descriptive geometry" in technical universities are considered. The features of the construction of the Computer Science course for students of construction specialties are presented and ways to expand the practical part of this course by digital methods of solving problems of descriptive geometry are discussed. In the VBA Excel programming language, the authors have developed virtual tools for obtaining intersection points of elementary geometric shapes. Based on the use of these tools, a methodology is proposed for solving some problems of descriptive geometry using information technology, but already within the framework of the Computer Science course aimed at students of construction specialties. The solution of problems of descriptive geometry in the environment of the Excel spreadsheet editor in “semi-manual” mode, without programming, followed by three-dimensional visualization in electronic drawing programs, is considered. A technology has been developed for transferring graphical information from the Excel spreadsheet editor to electronic drawing systems for visual visualization of the solution of descriptive geometry problems performed using digital modeling on an Excel sheet. The article describes a methodology for developing application software based on VBA Excel for solving problems of descriptive geometry with a minimum set of input information and a full cycle of automation of building a digital model of geometric objects. Examples of the work of applied surface intersection modeling programs in VBA Excel are given. The features of the software implementation of descriptive geometry algorithms in C++ using the OpenGL graphics library for students of IT specialties with a training focus on the development of applied software for engineer ing calculations are considered. Examples of students' term papers with programs implementing descriptive geometry methods are given.
Różne oblicza matematyki. Matematyka z historycznego, ontogenetycznego i filozoficznego punktu widzenia
Authors: Semadeni Zbigniew
Published: November 2024

Matematyka jest jedna, ale ogromnie różnorodna. Ta główna teza książki przedstawiona jest na tle ogólnego rozwoju kultury. Prawie połowa tekstu dotyczy dziejów arytmetyki (z początkami algebry) i geometrii, od najdawniejszych czasów po koniec XIX wieku. Narracja historyczna jest zestawiana z ontogenezą, z kształtowaniem się struktur matematyki u pojedynczych ludzi (zaczynającym się w okresie niemowlęctwa). W tle stale ujawniają się kwestie filozoficzne, w tymplatonistyczna tendencyjność: przekonanie matematyków o odwieczności i niezmienności matematyki wpływa na przypisywanie dawnym uczonym współczesnych pojęć i rozumowań. Oparcie matematyki XX wieku na pojęciach typu „zbiór”, „element” gruntownie zmieniło język twierdzeń i dowodów, a zarazem całe myślenie matematyczne. Stało się to tak naturalne, że nie można się z tego wyzwolić. Nie da się już w pełni wniknąć w dawne ujmowanie matematyki; im dalej wstecz, tym jest to trudniejsze. Wiele ze stale powtarzanych opowieści to późniejsze legendy; niektóre są tu krytycznie omówione. Mottem książki, zaczerpniętym z Platona, jest zdziwienie, niedowierzanie naszych przodków, gdy odkrywali niespodziewane, paradoksalne związki. Szczególnie ważne były przełomy pojęciowe, przejścia na wyższy poziom abstrakcji, wcześniej nieosiągalny. Zmagania z piątym postulatem Euklidesa trwały dwa tysiące lat, a kontrowersje wywołane geometrią nieeuklidesową zmieniły świadomość tego, czym jest geometria i jaki jest jej związek ze światem rzeczywistym.

Od czasów greckich matematyka jest też głęboko powiązana z muzyką. Dedukcyjny rachunek prawdopodobieństwa dziwnie trafnie, paradoksalnie sprawdza się przy stosowaniu go do przypadkowości. Fascynujące tajemnice nieskończoności zostały w znacznym stopniu oswojone w XIX i XX wieku.
Contemporary thought in the field of history: ethnographic notes
Authors: Piasek Wojciech
Published: November 2024

Translated by Barbara Komorowska

In contrast to the already published works in which I implement the ‘programme’ of the ethnography of historical thought, in this book, I have shifted the emphasis from ethnographic descriptions and thinking by means of large issues to thinking about great issues. 

Shifting the emphasis makes it possible to give a dimension of perceived realism to large issues – to think realistically and specifically about them. At the same time, it causes a change in the nature of ethnographic descriptions. They are no longer so ‘thick’. This means that this work is neither an autotelic nor a mixed case study. What I present in this monograph is an analysis of ethnographic information. It makes it possible to get to know the people from which it comes, as much as it makes it possible to primarily know the cultural world in which we all live.

Ethnographic information comes from conference statements and views expressed in discussions and monographs. Usually, I extract non-key statements from them from the point of view of their authors. Being specific social events, they are explored and treated as telling something about large issues present in the study of the past.
Kościół św. Wawrzyńca w Kazimierzu – kilka uwag o genezie, funkcjonowaniu, lokalizacji i likwidacji świątyni
Authors: Kołodziejczyk Konrad
Published: November 2024

W artykule przedstawiono dzieje nieistniejącego obecnie kościoła św. Wawrzyńca, pierwotnie zlokalizowanego w podkrakowskiej wsi Bawół, która po lokacji miasta \ Kazimierza została włączona w granice nowego miasta. Autor, wykorzystując dotychczasowe opracowania oraz zachowane źródła (dotychczas w znacznej części nieeksplorowane), nie tylko uzupełnił wiedzę o tej świątyni, ale również zweryfikował błędne informacje powielane w literaturze na temat kościoła. Dokonał nowych ustaleń na temat architektury, wyposażenia i daty zniesienia świątyni. Dzięki zastosowaniu technologii GIS autor dokonał również lokalizacji kościoła we współczesnej topografii miasta Krakowa.
O krakowskich przodkach „Wiedeńczyka” Ludwika Szczepańskiego
Authors: Wulczyńska-Misiak Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Opracowanie zawiera historię dwu krakowskich rodzin: Szczepańskich (pedagogów i literatów) i Zieleniewskich (przemysłowców), będących przodkami zapomnianego dziś młodopolskiego poety i dziennikarza Ludwika Szczepańskiego (1872‒1954).
A Quantum-Inspired Bilevel Optimization Algorithm for the First Responder Network Design Problem
Authors: Karahalios Anthony , Tayur Sridhar , Tenneti Ananth , Pashapour Amirreza , Salman F. Sibel , Yıldız Barış
Published: November 2024

In the aftermath of a sudden catastrophe, first responders (FRs) strive to reach and rescue immobile victims. Simultaneously, civilians use the same roads to evacuate, access medical facilities and shelters, or reunite with their relatives via private vehicles. The escalated traffic congestion can significantly hinder critical FR operations. A proposal from the Türkiye Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure is to allocate a lane on specific road segments exclusively for FR use, mark them clearly, and precommunicate them publicly. For a successful implementation of this proposal, an FR path should exist from designated entry points to each FR demand point in the network. The reserved FR lanes along these paths will be inaccessible to evacuees, potentially increasing evacuation times. Hence, in this study, we aim to determine a subset of links along which an FR lane should be reserved and analyze the resulting evacuation flow under evacuees’ selfish routing behavior. We introduce this problem as the first responder network design problem (FRNDP) and formulate it as a mixed-integer nonlinear program. To efficiently solve FRNDP, we introduce a novel bilevel nested heuristic, the Graver augmented multiseed algorithm (GAMA) within GAMA, called GAGA. We test GAGA on synthetic graph instances of various sizes as well as scenarios related to a potential Istanbul earthquake. Our comparisons with a state-of-the-art exact algorithm for network design problems demonstrate that GAGA offers a promising alternative approach and highlights the need for further exploration of quantum-inspired computing to tackle complex real-world problems.

History: Accepted by Giacomo Nannicini, Area Editor for Quantum Computing and Operations Research. Accepted for Special Issue.

Funding: S. Tayur and A. Tenneti acknowledge Raytheon BBN (RTX-BBN) for its support through a Carnegie Mellon University-BBN contract as part of a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency project on quantum-inspired classical computing. A. Karahalios is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [Grants DGE1745016, DGE2140739].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2024.0574 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2024.0574 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Fast Preparation of White Luminescent Borosilicate Glass via Microwave Heating Technique
Authors:   Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand, Triamnak Narit
Published: November 2024

T
he aim of this work was to study the preparation of luminescent glass samples using microwave technique. Borosilicate glass powder and dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) as the luminescent phosphor were mixed with the concentration ranging between 0.0-0.5 mol%. The glass pellets were successfully prepared via microwave heating with a power of 800 watts for 24 minutes. The samples exhibited dispersion of pores within the glass matrix which could be the origin of white translucent characteristics. The XRD results showed an amorphous structure which revealed the completely dissolution of Dy2O3 within the samples. The luminescence properties of the samples were tested via photoluminescence spectrometer, revealing that the glass doped with dysprosium emitted white light with the maximum emission occurring at a wavelength of 576 nm. The CIE chromacity characteristics confirmed the white emission of the glass samples. In addition, it was found that the decay time of the luminescent glass decreased with an increase in the concentration of the luminescent phosphor. This may be caused by the energy transfer of electrons through cross relaxation.
Remote Teacher Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences and Recommendations
Authors: Erol Hatice Hanım , Tican Başaran Semra
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore faculty members and prospective teachers' experiences and recommendations regarding remote teacher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an explanatory sequential design, the study collected quantitative data from 54 faculty members and 711 prospective teachers via a questionnaire, and qualitative data from 21 faculty members and 25 prospective teachers through semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, whereas qualitative data were examined using content analysis. Findings reveal a decline in prospective teachers' motivation and learning outcomes, especially in practice-based courses, during remote education. Technical problems such as power outages and internet disruptions, as well as prospective teachers keeping cameras and microphones off, traditional teaching methods, and inadequate digital materials, hindered in-class interaction. Remote assessment processes raised concerns about the reliability of exams and increased anxiety due to potential technical issues. Recommendations include improving technological infrastructure, enhancing remote assessment practices, and identifying digital competencies for teachers. Faculty members suggested that teacher education could continue with blended learning, while prospective teachers preferred face-to-face education after pandemic.
Slowakisch. Lehrbuch für Anfänger und Fortgeschrittene, 2. unveränderte Auflage 2024 mit Audio-Dateien im MP3-Format zum Download
Authors: Gericke Brigita , Kovtyk Bogdan
Published: November 2024

Slowakisch gehört zu den westslawischen Sprachen und ist die Muttersprache von etwa 5-6 Millionen Menschen. Das akademische Lehrbuch „Slowakisch für Anfänger und Fortgeschrittene“ ist für deutschsprachige erwachsene Lerner bestimmt, die ohne Vorkenntnisse das Slowakische erlernen und am Ende in der Lage sein wollen, grammatisch korrekt zu sprechen. Das Lehrbuch besteht aus Daten zur slowakischen Geschichte, einer Einführung in die Grundlagen der slowakischen Sprache und 23 Lektionen sowie Anhang mit Grammatiktabellen. Jede Lektion wird in vier Teile untergliedert: 1. Einführungstext oder Einführungsdialog, 2. Sprachgebrauch, 3. Grammatik mit Erklärungen und 4. Übungen. Das Lehrbuch ist auf das Erlernen der aktiven Tätigkeitsformen, also auf Sprechen und Schreiben, konsequent ausgerichtet. Die Themen der Lektionen sind aus dem Alltagsgebrauch gewählt, wie z. B. Familie, Reisen, Beruf, im Cafe, Freunde, Essen und Trinken.
Ficção científica infantojuvenil: uma análise do ícone do robô na obra Os Passageiros do Futuro
Authors: Andrade Kesia , S. Araujo Naiara
Published: November 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar Os Passageiros do Futuro, de Wilson Rocha, a partir da perspectiva de Gary Wolfe (1979) em The Known and The Unknown: The Iconography of Science Fiction, focando sobretudo no ícone do robô. Como aporte teórico, são consideradas as contribuições de críticos como Henschel, et al ( 2021), Goodbody (2021), Araújo (2022; 2014), Wolfe (2016) e Ginway (2005), enquanto críticos que abordam características da FC, com foco em elementos ficcionais iconográficos que levam o leitor a refletir sobre aspectos como os impactos do uso desmedido da tecnologia no meio ambiente. Além disso, por meio dos personagens Grande Bolha e Log, propõe-se compreender como o ícone do robô, muitas vezes, retrata características sociais e culturais que dialogam diretamente com os impactos causados pelos avanços tecnológicos na sociedade como um todo.
Poscolonialismo y Selectividad Racial en el Sistema Punitivo Brasileño: Un Análisis Criminológico del Paradigma del Encarcelamiento Masivo
Authors: Bora Siddharth
Published: November 2024

La racionalidad neoliberal, caracterizada por la expansión impulsada por el lucro y la mercantilización, devalúa la vida humana. En las economías neoliberales del sur, el sistema de justicia penal sirve como un mecanismo de control social, arraigado en las desigualdades raciales y manifestado a través de la segregación social, la discriminación y la separación espacial. Este artículo examina los dictados de la actual crisis carcelaria en Brasil, explorando sus fundamentos históricos, sociales, económicos y raciales. Nuestro análisis de los procesos históricos que condujeron a este escenario, desde la colonización hasta el período imperial, el período de la República y las dos dictaduras que marcaron el país, concluyó que la construcción del pensamiento punitivo es un proceso continuo que permea toda la formación del estado-nación. Al alinearse con varias teorías criminológicas, el estudio tiene como objetivo proponer nuevas perspectivas sobre el tema. Ver la selectividad racial en el sistema penitenciario de Brasil a través de una lente poscolonial revela desigualdades e injusticias perdurables.  Este estudio busca profundizar la comprensión de las dinámicas estructurales que perpetúan la crisis carcelaria en Brasil.
Libro: Teatro en educación sin memorizar textos. 77 + 1 técnicas dramáticas y teatrales
Authors: Navarro Amorós Antoni
Published: November 2024

Este libro pretende ser un manual sobre teatro y drama en educación para docentes de educación formal –de todas las etapas educativas– y no formal. Como se nos indica en el subtítulo “77 + 1 técnicas dramáticas y teatrales”  ofrece 78 maneras de hacer teatro en las aulas sin necesidad de que el alumnado memorice textos para romper así con el prejuicio de que solo de este modo se puede practicar teatro en la educación.