bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing the Work Environment in Intensive Care Units to Achieve Patient-Focused Care: The Time Has Come
Authors: McCauley Kathleen , Irwin Richard S.
Published: April 2020

The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments and the American College of Chest Physicians Patient-Focused Care project are complementary initiatives that provide a road map for creating practice environments where interdisciplinary, patient-focused care can thrive. Healthy work environments are so influential that failure to address the issue would result in deleterious effects for every aspect of acute and critical care practice. Skilled communication and true collaboration are crucial for transforming work environments. The American College of Chest Physicians project on patient-focused care was born out of a realization that medicine as currently practiced is too fragmented, too focused on turf battles that hinder communication, and too divorced from a real understanding of what patients expect and need from their healthcare providers. Communication as well as continuity and concordance with the patients’ wishes are foundational premises of care that is patient-focused and safe. Some individuals may achieve some level of genuine patient-focused care even when they practice in a toxic work environment because they are gifted communicators who embrace true collaboration. At best, most likely those efforts will be hit-or-miss and such heroism will be impossible to sustain if the environment is not transformed into a model that reflects standards and initiatives set out by the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses and the American College of Chest Physicians. Other innovative models of care delivery remain unreported. The successes and failures of these models should be shared with the professional community.
Psychosocial Issues for Patients with Ventricular Assist Devices: A Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: Chapman Elizabeth , Parameshwar Jayan , Jenkins David , Large Stephen , Tsui Steven
Published: April 2020

• Background Surgical implantation of a ventricular assist device is being used increasingly in patients in the United Kingdom, yet few studies have focused on patients’ experiences from a phenomenological (psychological) perspective.

• Objective To explore, through a pilot study, the impact of implantation of a ventricular assist device on patients’ bodies and lives.

• Methods This qualitative retrospective study included 6 patients (4 men and 2 women) and 3 of these patients’ relatives. Patients were from 17 to 50 years old and had used Thoratec, Heartmate, or VentrAssist devices.

• Results The participants’ accounts clustered around a number of themes, 2 of which are reported here: (1) body and self and (2) trust. Each theme comprised several subthemes: body and self had sub-themes of shock, restrictions, scarring, and infection; trust had subthemes of keeping me alive, device failure, and confidence.

• Conclusions The ventricular assist device has a considerable effect on a patient’s body and sense of self. This effect is often accommodated without much difficulty, but some patients and their families need additional psychological support during and after use of a ventricular assist device. Assessment before implantation of such a device can sometimes reveal this need, but such assessment may not be possible in emergency procedures. Trusting the new heart or the native recovered heart may be difficult for some patients. Further research is needed to understand this phenomenon.
Evaluation and diagnosis of gallstone ileus using point of care ultrasound in the Emergency Department
Authors: Van Rees Steven , Price Kristen , Betcher Joseph
Published: April 2020

A 75-year-old female presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with nausea, feculent emesis and abdominal distension. On previous visit the patient was diagnosed with a 2.2x1.9x1.1 cm ectopic gallstone in the mid small bowel without evidence of ileus or bowel obstruction and was subsequently discharged home. She returned 2 days later, abdominal plain radiographs revealed mildly dilated small bowel with air-fluid levels and a calcified mass in the right hemipelvis. Bedside ultrasound was performed and an air filled gallbladder with a fistulous tract was visualized. Dilated loops of bowel were visualized with an abnormal back and forth movement of intestinal contents, consistent with a small bowel obstruction. Patient went on to have an uncomplicated surgical extraction of the gallstone with resolution of her ileus. We would propose using point-of-care ultrasonography with abdominal plain films as an adjunct for evaluation and diagnosis of gallstone ileus in elderly patients.
PANDEMIE E VIRUS EMERGENTI: NUOVE SFIDE E ANTICHE PAURE
Authors: Maga Giovanni
Published: April 2020

The epidemics of AIDS, SARS, avian flu, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 are examples of viral infections which, starting from local outbreaks, spread in many different countries or even became pandemics. Reports of novel viruses emerging from remote areas of the world and able to infect the human population, are not anymore confined to medical bulletins, but are being found everyday in newspapers and public media. This, because it is now well understood that every outbreak, small and remote it may be, can rapidly evolve into a worldwide health emergency. Dealing with such situations requires high forecasting ability starting from the available data and deep knowledge of the many factors influencing the spread of a viral outbreak. In turn, such ability stems from the study of the life cycle and pathogenetic mechanisms of the viruses. Understanding the biology of viruses and the relationships between emerging viral pathogens and the anthropic influences on the environment is the key to develop new drugs and vaccines, but also to genetically manipulate viruses for gene therapy applications.
Ambiente montanhoso e turismo em Pedro II, Piauí
Authors: Lima Iracilde Maria de Moura Fé , Guerra Antonio Jose Teixeira
Published: April 2020

Este artigo objetiva apresentar o planalto dos Matões, o ecoturismo e suas relações com a cultura do município de Pedro II, Piauí. Este planalto consiste numa cuesta secundária, moldada no reverso da cuesta regional da Ibiapaba, na borda leste da Bacia Sedimentar do Parnaíba. Nesse ambiente montanhoso é crescente a visitação por apresentar paisagens naturais de beleza singular, além de atrativos culturais como o festival de inverno e o artesanato. Estudou-se as relações entre a estrutura geológica e as formas de relevo locais; as influências entre as paisagens naturais e a cultura para a atração turística. Utilizou-se revisão de literatura; trabalhos de campo; interpretação de mapas, fotografias e imagens de satélites trabalhadas em geoprocessamento. Identificou-se que o relevo local ainda guarda estreita relação com os elementos geológicos herdados do Mesozoico e que as paisagens locais favorecem a prática do turismo cultural e do ecoturismo.
An Examination of Enhanced Atmospheric Methane Detection Methods for Predicting Performance of a Novel Multiband Uncooled Radiometer Imager
Authors: Webber Cody M. , Kerekes John P.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. To evaluate the potential for a new uncooled infrared radiometer imager to detect enhanced atmospheric levels of methane, three different analysis methods were examined. A single pixel brightness temperature to NEdT comparison study performed using data simulated from MODTRAN6 revealed a single thermal band centered on the 7.68 μm methane feature is capable of detecting the in band temperature contrast between a plume of about 17 ppm at ambient temperature and background levels of methane at ambient temperature. Application of a normalized differential methane index method, a novel approach for methane detection, demonstrated how a simple two band method can be utilized to detect a plume of methane that is 15 ppm above ambient and −10 K from ambient temperature with 80 % hit rate and 17 % false alarm rate. This method was capable of detecting methane with similar levels of success as the third method, a proven multichannel method, Matched Filter. The matched filter approach was performed with six spectral channels. Results from these examinations suggest that given a high enough concentration and temperature contrast, a multispectral system with a single band allocated to a methane absorption feature can detect methane.
Using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data to derive corrections to precipitation data sets and improve modelled snow mass at high latitudes
Authors: Robinson Emma L. , Clark Douglas B.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The amount of lying snow calculated by a land surface model depends in part
on the amount of snowfall in the meteorological data that are used to
drive the model.
We show that commonly used data sets differ in the amount of snowfall, and
more generally precipitation, over four large Arctic basins.
An independent estimate of the cold-season precipitation is obtained by
combining water balance information from the Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment (GRACE) with estimates of evaporation and river discharge and
is generally higher than that estimated by four commonly used meteorological
data sets.
We use the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface model
to calculate the snow water equivalent (SWE) over the four basins.
The modelled seasonal maximum SWE is 38 % less than observation-based
estimates on average, and the modelled basin discharge is significantly
underestimated, consistent with the lack of snowfall.
We use the GRACE-derived estimate of precipitation to define per-basin
scale factors
that are applied to the driving data and increase the amount of cold-season
precipitation by 28 % on average.
In turn this increases the modelled seasonal maximum SWE by
30 %, although this is still underestimated compared to observations by
19 % on average.
A correction for the undercatch of precipitation by gauges is compared with the
the GRACE-derived correction. Undercatch correction increases the amount
of cold-season precipitation by 23 % on average, which indicates that some,
but not all, of the
underestimation can be removed by implementing existing undercatch
correction algorithms.
However, even undercatch-corrected data sets contain less precipitation
than the GRACE-derived estimate in some regions, and it is likely that
there are other biases that are not currently accounted for in
gridded meteorological data sets.
This study shows that revised estimates of precipitation can lead to
improved modelling of SWE, but much more modest improvements are found
in modelled river discharge.
By providing methods to better define the precipitation inputs to the
system, the current study paves the way for subsequent work on key
hydrological processes in high-latitude basins.
Flood trends in Europe: are changes in small and big floods different?
Authors: Bertola Miriam , Viglione Alberto , Lun David , Hall Julia , Blöschl Günter
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Recent studies have revealed evidence of trends in the median or mean flood discharge in Europe over the last 5 decades, with clear and coherent
regional patterns. The aim of this study is to assess whether trends in flood discharges also occurred for larger return periods, accounting for
the effect of catchment scale. We analyse 2370 flood discharge records, selected from a newly available pan-European flood database, with record
length of at least 40 years over the period 1960–2010 and with contributing catchment area ranging from 5 to 100 000 km2. To estimate
regional flood trends, we use a non-stationary regional flood frequency approach consisting of a regional Gumbel distribution, whose median and
growth factor can vary in time with different strengths for different catchment sizes. A Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach is used
for parameter estimation. We quantify regional trends (and the related sample uncertainties), for floods of selected return periods and for
selected catchment areas, across Europe and for three regions where coherent flood trends have been identified in previous studies. Results show
that in northwestern Europe the trends in flood magnitude are generally positive. In small catchments (up to 100 km2), the 100-year flood
increases more than the median flood, while the opposite is observed in medium and large catchments, where even some negative trends appear,
especially in northwestern France. In southern Europe flood trends are generally negative. The 100-year flood decreases less than the median flood,
and, in the small catchments, the median flood decreases less compared to the large catchments. In eastern Europe the regional trends are negative
and do not depend on the return period, but catchment area plays a substantial role: the larger the catchment, the more negative the trend.
Validation of uncertainty reduction by using multiple transfer locations for WRF-CFD coupling in numerical wind energy assessments
Authors: Keck Rolf-Erik , Sondell Niklas
Published: April 2020

Abstract. This paper describes a method for reducing the uncertainty associated with utilizing fully numerical models for wind resource assessment in the early stages of project development. The presented method is based on a combination of numerical weather predictions (NWP) and microscale downscaling using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict the local wind resource. Numerical modelling is (at least) two orders of magnitude less expensive and time consuming compared to conventional measurements. As a consequence, using numerical methods could enable a wind project developer to evaluate a larger number of potential sites before making an investment. This would likely increase the chances of finding the best available projects. A technique is described, multiple transfer location analysis (MTLA), where several different locations for performing the data transfer between the NWP and the CFD model are evaluated. Independent CFD analyses are conducted for each evaluated data transfer location. As a result, MTLA will generate multiple independent observations of the data transfer between the NWP and the CFD model. This results in a reduced uncertainty in the data transfer, but more importantly MTLA will identify locations where the result of the data transfer deviates from the neighboring locations. This will enable further investigation of the outliers, and give the analyst a possibility to corrected erroneous predictions. The second part is found to reduce the number and magnitude of large deviations in the numerical predictions relative to the reference measurements. The Modern Energy Wind Assessment Model (ME-WAM) with and without MTLA is validated against field measurements. The validation sample for ME-WAM without MTLA consist of 35 observations, and gives a mean bias of −0.10 m/s and a standard deviation of 0.44 m/s. ME-WAM with MTLA is validated against a sample of 45 observations, and the mean bias is found to be +0.05 m/s with a standard deviation of 0.26 m/s. After adjusting for the composition of the two samples with regards to number of sites with complex terrain, the reduction in variability achieved by MTLA is quantified to 11 % of the standard deviation for non-complex sites and 35 % for complex sites.
O Sistema Tributário Nacional e a Lei nº 13.655/2018: a contradição entre a exigência de segurança jurídica e a introdução do consequencialismo econômico na aplicação do Direito Tributário
Authors: Bernardes Flávio Couto , Fonseca Vinícius Simões Borges Espinheira
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho trata da alteração legislativa promovida pela Lei nº 13.655/2018 no Decreto-Lei nº 4.654/1942. A referida lei acrescentou a este decreto dez novos artigos, todos igualmente pertinentes ao tema da interpretação e da aplicação das normas jurídicas no sistema jurídico brasileiro, especialmente no tocante ao Direito Público. Analisa-se a validade de tal mudança, cotejando-a com a realidade autopoiética do sistema jurídico brasileiro, a qual é garantida por sua norma fundamental – a Constituição da República de 1988 – e na qual se encontra erigido o Sistema Tributário Nacional, de especial interesse ao desenvolvimento do trabalho. Por fim, ante a necessidade de que haja recursividade na argumentação jurídica, e dada a natureza da alteração legislativa, procede-se à verificação acerca de uma possível contradição entre a exigência de segurança jurídica e a introdução do consequencialismo, realizada por intermédio da Lei nº 13.655/2018, como critério decisório no tocante à aplicação do Direito Tributário.
Analysis of SGOT, SGPT, and IgM anti PGL-1 in Multibacillary Leprosy Patient after Multi Drug Therapy
Authors: Tabri Farida , Maskur Zainuddin , Amiruddin Muhammad Dali , Makalew Harry L.
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is a fairly dreaded disease, but it is curable. However, liver failure is one of the side effect of the treatment that challenging to manage.OBJECTIVES: Assessing the effects of Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) on the liver function (SGOT, SGPT) and Mycobacterium Leprae Particle Agglutination (MLPA) test (IgM anti PGL-1) before and after treatment in patients with multibacillary (MB) leprosy.METHOD: Twenty-eight patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study which categorized as new MB leprosy patients in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. In order to test the liver function, blood serum was taken to measure the SGOT and SGPT level with Bochringer Mannheim automatic analysis, while MLPA test measurement was performed with qualitative method. Blood serum was collected three times with the following period; before the treatment, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. The data was analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test with significant level p<0.001.RESULT: There were significant increases in SGOT and SGPT levels (p<0.001) before and after MDT treatment between 3 to 6 months. Meanwhile, for IgM anti PGL-1, it was not significant (p>0.01) before treatment and after 3 months treatment, but significant different (p<0.001) on 6 months treatment.CONCLUSION: MDT treatment on MB leprosy patient increase the SGOT and SGPT level but decrease the IgM anti PGL-1 after the 6 months of treatment.
Health impact assessment—insights from the experience of Québec
Authors: Diallo Thierno , Freeman Shirra
Published: April 2020

Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is an approach used to evaluate policies, programs, and projects from the perspective of their potential effects on the health of individuals, communities, and vulnerable population groups. HIA is generally applied to proposals in fields that do not specifically target health such as urban and transportation planning, natural resources, and large infrastructure. The use of HIA has been growing in Canada but several studies indicate that there are gaps in legislation, policy, and regulation that inhibit its consistent application. The objective of this paper is to review the experience in the Province of Québec, where HIA has been embedded in legislation since 2002 and explore the way that it has influenced the advancement of HIA in that province and identify lessons that could be applied to other Canadian jurisdictions. Particular attention is paid to the institutionalization of HIA in public health agencies. The insights are considered for other provinces, territories, and municipalities as well as in the context of the Federal Impact Assessment Act (2019).
Factors Affecting Hospital Nurses Intention to Remain: Focusing on Role Conflict
Authors: Cho Kyung Sook , Lee Eun Hee , Son Haeng Mi
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate nurses' role conflict and intention to remain and to identify factors that may influence this intention. Methods: Data were collected from 172 nurses in a 600-plus bed hospital on nurses' intention to remain, which included 47 items and nurses' role conflict, which included 82 items from a self-reported questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS 22.0 Results: The mean of the role conflict frequency was 2.71(${pm}.39$) and the mean severity was 2.86 (${pm}.47$). The most significant item among the items of intention to remain was "a nurse's job is to help people." The intention to remain employed showed a significant difference in the duration of desired working period and subjective job satisfaction. The subjective job satisfaction of nurses was the most influential variable as a factor affecting the intention to remain, followed by frequency of role conflict in nursing practice. Conclusion: These results suggest that inadequate nursing environments in nursing practice require improvement and support the idea that nurses with positive attitudes of the nursing organization and theirs leaders reduce nurses' related fatigue.
Effect of a Simulated Education-based Hypoglycemia Scenario Using a High-fidelity Simulator on Acquisition and Retention of Diabetes Knowledge and Academic Self-efficacy in Nursing Students
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Heo Narae
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study evaluated the acquisition and retention effects on diabetes knowledge and academic self-efficacy of patient simulation-based hypoglycemia scenario using a high-fidelity simulator. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest/posttest repeated measures quasi-experimental design determined if nursing simulation using a high-fidelity simulator helps students acquire and retain diabetes knowledge and academic self-efficacy. A total of 101 nursing students from two universities participated in this study, comprising the experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n=52) at a university in S city comprised participants in an adult nursing class, nursing practicum, and simulation education. The control group (n=49) at a university in C city participated in an adult nursing class and nursing practicum without simulation education. Results: The experimental group had statistically significant group-time interaction effects on diabetes knowledge (p=.044) and self-confidence (p<.001) of academic self-efficacy compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicated that the patient simulation-based hypoglycemia scenario using a high-fidelity simulator applied to nursing education is useful in encouraging nursing students to engage in strategies with acquisition and retention effects, enhancing their diabetes knowledge and self-confidence of academic self-efficacy. Therefore, educators should use simulation programs effectively with nursing classes and practicum to enhance the effects of nursing competencies.
Factors Influencing Intention for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Parents with Elementary School Girls
Authors: Shim Jung lim , Ha Yun Ju
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This descriptive research study aims to investigate influential factors on human papillomavirus vaccines, among parents who have elementary school daughters. Methods: This study was conducted with 210 parents whose children are elementary school girls, aged 9 to 12 years, in G Metropolitan City. Data were collected from August 17 to September 12, 2015 using structured questionnaires. A descriptive statistical analysis, a t-test, a ${chi}^2-test$, a Fisher's exact test, and a logistic regression using SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results: The influential factors on the human papillomavirus vaccination intention were confirmed to be three variables: cervical cancer knowledge, perceived sensitivity, and perceived barriers. Conclusion: An intervention program, both to increase the sensitivity of vaccination and to decrease barriers, should be developed so as to improve parents' health beliefs towards human papillomavirus vaccination.
Factors Influencing Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intention among Unvaccinated Nursing Students in Korea
Authors: Yun Younghee , Koh Chin Kang
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to identify factors associated with human papillomavirus vaccination intention among unvaccinated nursing students. Methods: Two hundred-and-five female nursing students from three universities completed self-administered questionnaires including participants' characteristics, human papillomavirus-related knowledge, attitude toward human papillomavirus vaccination, and human papillomavirus-related health beliefs. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant independent predictors of human papillomavirus vaccination intention. Results: Of 205 participants, 134 (65.4%) reported an intention to obtain a vaccination against human papillomavirus. As a result of the analysis of the bivariate relationships, family history of cervix cancer, perceived needs, importance of prevention, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, and perceived barrier were significantly related to vaccination intention. A multivariate logistic regression model identified factors of human papillomavirus vaccination intention: higher importance of prevention (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 4.20, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.73~10.19), higher perceived benefit (AOR: 6.94, 95% CI: 2.01~23.98), lower perceived barrier (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.20~0.73). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated significant factors influencing the intention to obtain human papillomavirus vaccination in unvaccinated nursing students. Also, the importance of prevention, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, and perceived barrier in obtaining human papillomavirus vaccination should be taken into account when developing educational programs.
Patient Safety Awareness and Emergency Response Ability Perceived by Nursing Homes and Home Visiting Caregivers
Authors: Kim Su Youn , Kim Soon Ock
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify patient safety awareness and emergency response ability and affecting factors perceived by nursing homes and home visiting caregivers. Methods: This study was a descriptive study that conveniently extracts nursing caregivers who care for elderly patients in S and G provinces, Korea. Data collection was done by structural questionnaires from April to May 2018. A total of 204 responses consisting of 103 nursing homes and 101 home visiting caregivers were used for data analysis in SPSS Win 22.0. Results: Patient safety awareness and emergency response ability of nursing homes caregivers with each $4.24{pm}0.50$, $74.26{pm}09.57$ was each higher than that of the home visiting caregivers with $3.68{pm}0.49$, $68.02{pm}12.12$ (p<.001). The affecting factors of the patient safety awareness were working place, safety education, and daily average working hours with 12 or more (F = 27.30, p<.001) and that of emergency response ability were number of patients per personnel with 9 or more and emergency situation experience (F=14.00, p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that it is necessary to develop a safety education program that can share indirectly experience emergency situations that occur on the job site.
A Frame Analysis of Nurse-related Articles from Korean Daily Newspapers
Authors: Na Mi Su , Kang Jeong Hee
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study analyzed how the four nurse-related news items 'talent show,' 'neonatal death,' 'nurse's death,' and 'sexual harassment' were portrayed in Korean daily newspaper articles. Methods: A total of 392 newspaper articles published from November 2017 to May 2018 were retrieved through the internet homepages of three newspapers, the Chosun Ilbo, the Dong-a Ilbo, and the JoongAng Ilbo and through a database for 13 other newspapers. Articles were analyzed for their views on nurses and their structural and contextual frames. Results: Articles with the highest frequency of mentioning nurses' death appeared in the JoongAng Ilbo; these were written as straight news articles. In the analyzed articles, nurses were portrayed mostly as victims, troublemakers, passive, or selfish. Articles were written mostly in episodic, incident notice, or attribution of responsibility frames. Conclusion: It was not uncommon to read articles with negative views on nurses; most of these articles focused only the four major incidents as straight news type stories. Future efforts are needed to study the implications of newspaper articles with negative views on nurses and the frames most commonly used.
Effects of Flipped Learning on the Critical Thinking Disposition, Academic Achievement and Academic Self-efficacy of Nursing Students: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Cha Ju , Kim Jin
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lessons based on flipped on nursing students' critical thinking disposition, academic achievement, and academic self-efficacy. Methods: The study design was a mixed methods paradigm. Participants were 82 nursing students (experimental group=41, control group=41) for the quantitative study, and nine nursing students for the qualitative study. A flipped learning lesson and lecture were provided in a class titled Critical Thinking and Nursing Processes to compare the effects of the flipped learning lesson. Quantitative data were analyzed with a chi-square test and an independent t-test. Qualitative data were analyzed by means of content analysis. Results: The critical thinking disposition (t=-5.90, p=.004) of the experimental group with flipped learning increased significantly, but their academic achievement (t=0.38, p=.078) and academic self-efficacy (t=-0.24, p=.053) did not show any significant change. From the content analysis after the flipped learning lesson, four categories and 13 sub-categories were derived. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that flipped learning is an effective teaching-learning method for improving nursing students' critical thinking disposition. Therefore, it will be necessary to consider teaching-learning management strategies for applying flipped learning in the nursing education field.
Nursing Students' Experiences with Patient Deaths during Clinical Practice
Authors: Kang Hyun-Ju , Choe Hye
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' experiences with patient deaths during clinical practice. Methods: The participants were ten nursing students who had experienced patient deaths during clinical nursing practice at a university hospital in Korea. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed using the content analysis method suggested by Graneheim and Lundman (2004). Results: The participants' experience was structured into six categories: experiencing various emotions in facing patient deaths, viewing oneself as a nursing student at the scene of a patient's death, thinking about death again, finding a pathway of understanding and support for patient death experiences, impressions and regret felt while actually observing terminal care, and picturing oneself as a future nurse dealing with a patient's death. Conclusion: Based on this study, stress management and self-reflection programs are suggested for nursing students who have experienced patient deaths. Practical nursing education for patient death and end of life care is also needed.
L’image faite corps. Dix figures sur la pratique du tableau vivant au Québec avant 1920
Authors: Lacroix Laurier
Published: April 2020

A significant number of cultural practices in New France and Canada originate in the colonial situation and echo French and British art forms. This article focuses on the early use of the tableau vivant in Quebec, from its first reference in 1641 to the early twentieth century, in family and public entertainment, celebrations and pageants, educational and artistic manifestations. The tableau vivant thus presented itself as both popular and erudite art. In order for this art form to function, certain works needed to be present in the collective imaginary and shared culture; performers needed to master the content of the re-presented image and spectators needed to recognize it and to appreciate the efforts expended to embody it. This article briefly examines the history of the tableau vivant in Europe in order to identify the stages of its development in Quebec.
Le « tableau vivant » dans la genèse du projet de décor de la cathédrale de Saint-Hyacinthe de Napoléon Bourassa
Authors: Vallée Anne-Élisabeth
Published: April 2020

In developing his decorative program for the Cathedral of Saint-Hyacinthe in the 1880s and 1890s, Napoléon Bourassa used staged photographs of clerics representing episodes in the life of the patron saint of the parish. This was probably the first time in his career he had done so. This photographic series calls to mind the then-widespread practice of the tableau vivant. Was Bourassa aware of this form of worldly entertainment and could it have inspired his photographic stagings? What part were these photographs supposed to play in the elaboration of his decorative project? This article offers a reflection on the tableau vivant, its place in Bourassa’s career, and its emergence in the artist’s creative process.
Gender, Race, and Nation in Tableau Representing Great Britain and Her Colonies
Authors: Contogouris Ersy
Published: April 2020

Le 15 février 1900 avait lieu à Dawson au Yukon un concert bénéfice pour venir en aide aux familles de soldats canadiens morts pendant la Guerre d’Afrique du Sud. Pendant ce concert fut présenté un tableau vivant mettant en scène environ trente-cinq femmes, hommes et enfants, costumés et en blackface, qui incarnaient la Grande-Bretagne et ses colonies. Cet article propose une première lecture détaillée de ce tableau vivant pris en photo par le duo de photographes Larss et Duclos. L’analyse de ce double objet d’étude (le tableau vivant et la photo du tableau vivant) démontre que ce qui peut paraître à première vue comme une représentation anodine et quelque peu excentrique d’une performance amateure au Yukon au tournant du XXe siècle se révèle au contraire comme un marqueur et un vecteur des processus liés de la colonisation du nord-ouest du Canada et de la construction nationale du jeune pays, et que les femmes jouèrent un rôle central dans ces processus liés.
Les tableaux vivants à Venise au tournant du XXe siècle : l’histoire d’un passe-temps mondain retracée dans le journal de Lady Layard
Authors: Cazzola Alice
Published: April 2020

This article examines the iconographic program and social function of the tableaux vivants performed by the AngloAmerican intellectual elite resident in Venice at the turn of the twentieth century. It considers the highly esteemed tableaux performed at Ca’ Cappello between 1888 and 1910 through a reading of the journals of the society hostess Lady Layard (1843–1912). The annual Christmas tableaux vivants took place amid a vibrant salon culture fostered by wealthy Anglophones and drew inspiration from both the Renaissance and Carnival heritage of Venice as well as the British tradition of Christmas pantomime and masquerade. While the iconography of the tableaux vivants points to the connoisseurship and aesthetic tastes of this elite, the ambiguous status of this art form on the boundary of fine arts and popular culture leads to an examination of the tableaux’s social function and of their performers’ cultural consciousness.
Staging Real Sites: Tableau Vivant Photography in Nineteenth-Century China
Authors: Stuer Catherine
Published: April 2020

Cet article analyse les premières photographies datées de Nanjing prises par des studios chinois et se penche sur des images mettant en scène des acteurs inconnus dans différents sites historiques à travers la ville. Il soutient que ces photos occupent une place privilégiée dans l’histoire de la photographie, tant en Chine que globalement, étant témoins d’un moment d’expérimentation qui cherchait à reconstituer ou « réaliser » l’identité lyrique de la topographie ancienne d’une ville à travers des performances mises en scène et in situ. Se présentant comme des manifestations non occidentales de photos de tableaux vivants, ces images nous permettent de poser un regard renouvelé sur les façons dont la photographie a représenté la différence et l’identité à travers le monde au XIXe siècle. Ainsi, ce corpus nous invite à revisiter les présupposés entourant la facture d’images par le médium photographique, dans des contextes tant locaux que globaux, à repenser les catégories analytiques et descriptives appliquées aux circuits de l’imagination photographique au XIXe siècle, et à réfléchir à son imbrication avec des iconographies préphotographiques de sites.
Androgen up-regulation of Twist1 gene expression is mediated by ETV1
Authors: Khatiwada Prabesh , Kannan Archana , Malla Mamata , Dreier Megan , Shemshedini Lirim
Published: April 2020

Twist1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that regulates a number of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is upregulated in prostate cancer. Androgen regulation of Twist1 has been reported in a previous study. However, the mechanism of androgen regulation of the Twist1 gene is not understood because the Twist1 promoter lacks androgen receptor (AR)-responsive elements. Previous studies have shown that the Twist1 promoter has putative binding sites for PEA3 subfamily of ETS transcription factors. Our lab has previously identified Ets Variant 1 (ETV1), a member of the PEA3 subfamily, as a novel androgen-regulated gene that is involved in prostate cancer cell invasion through unknown mechanism. In view of these data, we hypothesized that androgen-activated AR upregulates Twist1 gene expression via ETV1. Our data confirmed the published work that androgen positively regulates Twist1 gene expression and further showed that this positive effect was directed at the Twist1 promoter. The positive effect of androgen on Twist1 gene expression was abrogated upon disruption of AR expression by siRNA or of AR activity by Casodex. More importantly, our data show that disruption of ETV1 leads to significant decrease in both androgen-mediated upregulation as well as basal level of Twist1, which we are able to rescue upon re-expression of ETV1. Indeed, we are able to show that ETV1 mediates the androgen upregulation of Twist1 by acting on the proximal region of Twist1 promoter. Additionally, our data show that Twist1 regulates prostate cancer cell invasion and EMT, providing a possible mechanism by which ETV1 mediates prostate cancer cell invasion. In conclusion, in this study we report Twist1 as an indirect target of AR and androgen regulation through ETV1.
Liars are perceived as more credible than truth‐tellers who recall a repeated event
Authors: Deck Sarah L. , Paterson Helen M.
Published: April 2020

Recurring forms of abuse like domestic violence are unfortunately common. When an individual makes an allegation about their experience, however, there is rarely additional evidence to corroborate their claim. The veracity of the allegation is thus likely to be a central concern in subsequent proceedings. This experiment explored evaluator's perceptions of adults who were lying, or truthfully recalling a repeated event. In this experiment, participants observed a filmed interview of a speaker recalling an event they had experienced once, or a speaker recalling one instance of an event that they had experienced multiple times. Alternatively, some participants viewed an interview of a speaker who was lying about the event. Repeated‐event speakers were perceived as less credible than both single‐event speakers and liars. It is important that future research investigates ways to reduce the negative effect that the nature of memory for a repeated event has upon speakers' perceived credibility.
Does calling it “Morgan's way” reduce student learning? Evaluating the effect of person‐presentation during comparison and discussion of worked examples in mathematics classrooms
Authors: Loehr Abbey , Rittle‐Johnson Bethany , Durkin Kelley , Star Jon R.
Published: April 2020

Mathematics textbooks sometimes present worked examples as being generated by particular fictitious students (i.e., person‐presentation). However, there are indicators that person‐presentation of worked examples may harm generalization of the presented strategies to new problems. In the context of comparing and discussing worked examples during extended classroom instruction, the current study compared the impact of person‐presentation to strategy labels on students' posttest accuracy and ratings of strategy generalizability. Five algebra teachers and their 168 students used worked examples either presented using fictitious students or with a strategy label during a multiweek unit on equation solving, with teachers randomly assigned to condition. All students compared and discussed the worked examples. In this context, we found no effect of condition on student accuracy at posttest, nor on their ratings of the generalizability of the presented strategies. We discuss why previously found negative effects of person‐presentation may not have extended to this context.
Two‐Dimensional Superstructures of Silica Cages
Authors: Aubert Tangi , Ma Kai , Tan Kwan W. , Wiesner Ulrich
Published: April 2020

Despite extensive studies on mesoporous silica since the early 1990s, the synthesis of two‐dimensional (2D) silica nanostructures remains challenging. Here, mesoporous silica is synthesized at an interface between two immiscible solvents under conditions leading to the formation of 2D superstructures of silica cages, the thinnest mesoporous silica films synthesized to date. Orientational correlations between cage units increase with increasing layer number controlled via pH, while swelling with oil and mixed surfactants increase micelle size dispersity, leading to complex clathrate type structures in multilayer superstructures. The results suggest that a three‐dimensional (3D) crystallographic registry within cage‐like superstructures emerges as a result of the concerted 3D co‐assembly of the organic and inorganic components. Mesoporous 2D superstructures can be fabricated over macroscopic film dimensions and stacked on top of each other. The realization of previously inaccessible mesoporous silica heterostructures with separation or catalytic properties unachievable via conventional bulk syntheses is envisioned.
Recent Progress on Cellulose‐Based Ionic Compounds for Biomaterials
Authors: Yang Yang , Lu Yi‐Tung , Zeng Kui , Heinze Thomas , Groth Thomas , Zhang Kai
Published: April 2020

Glycans play important roles in all major kingdoms of organisms, such as archea, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Cellulose, the most abundant polysaccharide on the Earth, plays a predominant role for mechanical stability in plants, and finds a plethora of applications by humans. Beyond traditional use, biomedical application of cellulose becomes feasible with advances of soluble cellulose derivatives with diverse functional moieties along the backbone and modified nanocellulose with versatile functional groups on the surface due to the native features of cellulose as both cellulose chains and supramolecular ordered domains as extractable nanocellulose. With the focus on ionic cellulose‐based compounds involving both these groups primarily for biomedical applications, a brief introduction about glycoscience and especially native biologically active glycosaminoglycans with specific biomedical application areas on humans is given, which inspires further development of bioactive compounds from glycans. Then, both polymeric cellulose derivatives and nanocellulose‐based compounds synthesized as versatile biomaterials for a large variety of biomedical applications, such as for wound dressings, controlled release, encapsulation of cells and enzymes, and tissue engineering, are separately described, regarding the diverse routes of synthesis and the established and suggested applications for these highly interesting materials.
Scanning Probing of the Tribovoltaic Effect at the Sliding Interface of Two Semiconductors
Authors: Zheng Mingli , Lin Shiquan , Xu Liang , Zhu Laipan , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: April 2020

Contact electrification (CE or triboelectrification) is a common phenomenon, which can occur for almost all types of materials. In previous studies, the CE between insulators and metals has been widely discussed, while CE involving semiconductors is only recently. Here, a tribo‐current is generated by sliding an N‐type diamond coated tip on a P‐type or N‐type Si wafers. The density of surface states of the Si wafer is changed by introducing different densities of doping. It is found that the tribo‐current between two sliding semiconductors increases with increasing density of surface states of the semiconductor and the sliding load. The results suggest that the tribo‐current is induced by the tribovoltaic effect, in which the electron–hole pairs at the sliding interface are excited by the energy release during friction, which may be due to the transition of electrons between the surface states during contact, or bond formation across the sliding interface. The electron–hole pairs at the sliding interface are subsequently separated by the built‐in electric field at the PN or NN heterojunctions, which results in a tribo‐current, in analogy to that which occurs in the photovoltaic effect.
1,2‐Diamine‐Derived (thio)Phosphoramide Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Michael Additions
Authors: Kozma Viktória , Fülöp Ferenc , Szőllősi György
Published: April 2020

Phosphoramides and thiophosphoramides were prepared from optically pure C2‐symmetric 1,2‐diamines and were used as chiral organocatalysts in the asymmetric Michael additions of aldehydes and ketones to N‐substituted maleimides. The 1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine derived thiophosphoramide, which could be prepared in good yield in a one‐step procedure, was found to be more active and selective catalyst in the addition of aldehydes to various maleimide derivatives, when compared to sulfonamides having the same backbone. Products resulted in reactions of ketones with maleimides were also obtained in high yields and enantioselectivities.

The thiophosphoramide derivative was also efficient in the asymmetric conjugate addition of carbonyl compounds to β‐nitrostyrene and in the reaction of nitromethane with α,β‐unsaturated ketones.

Based on results obtained with (thio)phosphoramides in asymmetric additions to maleimides it was suggested that a weaker, more flexible hydrogen‐bonding of the rigid electrophile to the catalyst is responsible for the improved performance of these bifunctional organocatalysts, as compared with sulfonamides.

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Hydrangea‐Like CuS with Irreversible Amorphization Transition for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Yang Zu‐Guang , Wu Zhen‐Guo , Hua Wei‐Bo , Xiao Yao , Wang Gong‐Ke , Liu Yu‐Xia , Wu Chun‐Jin , Li Yong‐Chun , Zhong Ben‐He , Xiang Wei , Zhong Yan‐Jun , Guo Xiao‐Dong
Published: April 2020

Metal sulfides have been intensively investigated for efficient sodium‐ion storage due to their high capacity. However, the mechanisms behind the reaction pathways and phase transformation are still unclear. Moreover, the effects of designed nanostructure on the electrochemical behaviors are rarely reported. Herein, a hydrangea‐like CuS microsphere is prepared via a facile synthetic method and displays significantly enhanced rate and cycle performance. Unlike the traditional intercalation and conversion reactions, an irreversible amorphization process is evidenced and elucidated with the help of in situ high‐resolution synchrotron radiation diffraction analyses, and transmission electron microscopy. The oriented (006) crystal plane growth of the primary CuS nanosheets provide more channels and adsorption sites for Na ions intercalation and the resultant low overpotential is beneficial for the amorphous Cu‐S cluster, which is consistent with the density functional theory calculation. This study can offer new insights into the correlation between the atomic‐scale phase transformation and macro‐scale nanostructure design and open a new principle for the electrode materials' design.