bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONFLICT IN KEVIN KWAN'S NOVEL CRAZY RICH ASIANS
Authors: Anggraini Setiawati , Asnani Asnani
Published: November 2023

The study aims to describe the kinds of conflict and also the factors causing conflict in Kevin Kwan's novel Crazy Rich Asians. It only focuses on kinds of conflict and factors causing conflict in selected characters of the novel. This study used a qualitative method. The data were analyzed descriptively. The data in this study were collected from the novel Crazy Rich Asians by Kevin Kwan. The data were taken by reading and marking words and phrases from the novel, which are related to the study. The data were analyzed from the novel based on the theory and statement of the problem to be analyzed. The results of the analysis obtained from this study have two conclusions. First, the types of conflicts in the novel Crazy Rich Asians, namely internal and external conflict are found in several characters in the novel. Second, the factors that may cause conflict in the novel Crazy Rich Asians are causative factors. These factors are differences between individuals, cultural differences, and differences in interests. The results of this study are expected to provide benefits, understanding, and knowledge in analyzing conflict in a literary work in the form of a novel. The results of this study are also expected to be used as a reference for further research.
CULTURAL IDENTITY IN YU HUA’S NOVEL TO LIVE
Authors: Hidayati Hidayati , Geubrina Misla , Mayasari Mayasari , Wardana Muhammad Kiki , Zuindra Zuindra
Published: November 2023

Every ethnic group has its own cultural identity and is used as a reference to distinguish between one ethnic group and another. Understanding cultural identity is important to avoid cultural conflicts so that all ethnic groups within a unitary society can live side by side in harmony. The core discussion in this research is related to Chinese cultural identity based on the novel To Live written by Yu Hua with two points of discussion, kinship system and marriage system, conducted by means of a qualitative descriptive method to obtain data related to social phenomena with the results of the analysis in the form of description. Concepts and theories relating to cultural identity, Chinese cultural identity, kinship and marriage systems are implemented to support the overall research. The results of the analysis show that wherever Chinese ethnic groups are located, they try to maintain their cultural traditions. In Chinese culture, kinship includes all members of the extended family and the essence of a marriage is the union of two extended families; both have values that must be used as guidelines based on the teachings of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism; the value of maintaining and preserving harmonization and norms to bind each individual to remain in the corridor of cultural tradition heritage.
PENGARUH KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR DI SMP NEGERI 6 BINJAI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Chumairah Pasaribu Intan , Ananda Rusydi , Susanti Eka
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah terdapat pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kemandirian belajar di SMP Negeri 6 Binjai. Jenis penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode peneltian kuantitatif, dengan teknik korelasi dan teknik analisis dengan regresi linear sederhana. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Binjai tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 yang berjumlah 283 siswa. Pengumpulan data untuk variabel kecerdasan emosional dan kemandirian belajar menggunakan angket berbentuk skala likert. Angket disusun berdasarkan indikator variabel dan diperiksa oleh pembimbing skripsi, dan kemudian diujicobakan kepada siswa.Berdasarkan analisis data menunjukkan adanya pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kemandirian belajar di SMP Negeri 6 Binjai. Kesimpulan dibuktikan dari analisis perhitungan uji hipotesis yang menunjukkan bahwa r hitung lebih besar dari rtabel yaitu  sebesar 0,702 > 0,232 yang dapat diterima pada taraf signifikan 5%.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DISIVION ALTERNATIF MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TEMA 5 SUBTEMA 1PENGALAMAN MASA KECIL BAGI SISWA DI KELAS I.B SD NEGERI 081228 SIBOLGA
Authors: Sikumbang Kaswawaty
Published: November 2023

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini bertujuan untuk perbaikan kinerja penulis sebagai guru kelas dan menjelaskan langkah-langkah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif  type Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) dalam proses belajar mengajar sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan  motivasi  belajar siswa pada tema 5 subtema 1:Pengalaman Masa Kecil  di kelas I.B SD Negeri 081228 Sibolga   pada tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 semester ganjil. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas I.B  yang ditempati oleh 28 orang siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi terhadap guru, siswa dan catatan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat motivasi siswa terhadap tema  5 Subtema 1: Pengalaman Masa Kecil pada siklus I: 59.64  %   dan pada siklus II :  92.50 %. Adanya peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Siswa sebesar : 32.86 %. Peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa, memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa secara individu dengan nilai rata-rata mencapai 79,57 dengan ketuntasan belajar sebesar : 92.86 %.
Clinical Effectiveness of Intralesional Injections of Triamcinolon Acetonide in Patients with Patients with Lichen Sclerosus on the Penis
Authors: Svystunov Ihor
Published: November 2023

The objective: to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of treatment of patients with scleroatrophic lichen of the penis using intrafocal injection of a suspension which contains 0.4% triamcinolone acetonide.
Materials and methods. 25 patients with scleroatrophic lichen of the penis participated in the study. The average age of men was 34.1±5.7 years, the duration of the disease was 1.1±0.3 years. Patients were divided into two groups: 11 patients of the I group were prescribed external ointment with 0.05% clobetasol propionate twice a day for 3 months; 14 patients of the II group received an ointment containing 0.05% clobetasol propionate twice a day for 3 months, and a suspension with 0.4% triamcinolone acetonide was administered intradermally in lesions once every 3 weeks for 3 months.
For clinical diagnosis verification, an incisional biopsy of the skin from the lesion was performed in 6 patients, followed by a histological examination.
The clinical effectiveness of therapy was assessed after 1, 2 and 3 months according to the following criteria: size, color and number of lesions. The time of complete clinical remission onset was also evaluated.
Results. After 3 months of intralesional administration of a suspension containing 0.4% triamcinolone acetonide in patients with lichen sclerosus together with the external use of an ointment containing 0.05% clobetasol propionate, better treatment results were found in patients of the II group (p=0.046). Clinical remission was registered in 50.0% and 9.1% of patients in the II and I groups, respectively; significant improvement – in 35.7% and 27.2%; improvement – in 14.3% and 45.5%; no changes – 0% and 18.2% of patients in the II and I groups, respectively.
Conclusions. Treatment of patients with scleroatrophic lichen of the penis with the use of intrafocal injection of a suspension containing 0.4% triamcinolone acetonide together with the external use of an ointment containing 0.05% clobetasol propionate ensures the achievement of clinical remission in 50.0% of patients after 3 months and a significant improvement in the condition of the skin in the lesions – in 35.7%.
Interdisciplinary management of patients with scleroatrophic lichen by dermatovenerologists and urologists is important for long-term control of the disease.
Children mortality in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU): An Overview
Authors: Seniwati Tuti , Hasmuddin Asma Danisa , Afelya Titi Iswanti
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), is unit of care spesifically for children who have critical medical condition. Critical condition experienced by children treated at PICU are inseparable from emergencies and can be at risk of death. Even though the child mortality rate has decreased every year, the incidence of mortality in the PICU is still a large contributor to the death of children at this time. Objective: To identify characteristics of children mortality in the PICU hospital unit Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. Method: This study was an analytic survey using a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling. Results: The study of 53 children medical records showed that the average respondent aged 59 months (SD 69.29) experienced death, length of stay of respondents who experienced death was 7.94 days (SD 9,69), the neurological status of patients at the beginning of admission shows the value of 11.43 (SD 4,496). Patients with a diagnosis of sepsis showed the highest mortality in this study. Conclusion: Respondents with infant categories, mild neurological status at the admission of PICU, used mechanical ventilators as oxygen devices, have the highest frequency of mortality in PICU. Hence, this study suggested to the other researcher to examine the variables that relate to child mortality in PICU for revealed as a whole.
Review: Potency of Borneo Endemic and Typical Plants as Anti-Cancer Medicines
Authors: Alhawaris Alhawaris
Published: November 2023

The Island of Borneo (also known as Kalimantan), Indonesia has extensive forests overgrown with various plants. Some of them have been believed for generations and empirically have efficacy as traditional medicines. It is estimated that more than 200 medicinal plants are growing in the forests of Borneo Island. Some of them had been studied to have a number of secondary metabolites that act as anticancer, such as Bawang Dayak/Bawang Tiwai (Dayak/Tiwai Onion), Tahongai, Tanaman Sarang Semut (Ant Nest Plant), Batang Kuning (Yellow Stem)/Akar Kuning (Yellow Root), and Pasak Bumi/Tongkat Ali. Meanwhile, some of them still need to be investigated further regarding the secondary metabolites of their plant parts and their properties as herbal medicines, especially as anti-cancer, such as Sengkubak, Kayu Bajakah (Bajakah Wood), and Jahe Balikpapan (Balikpapan Ginger).Keyword: Anti-Cancer, Secondary Metabolites, Herbal Medicines, Borneo Endemic Plants
Psychological Impact of Nurses Handling Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Nur Syukma Rhamadani Faizal , Samsugito Iwan , Christiani Augresia Ines
Published: November 2023

Sejak ditetapkan sebagai pandemi global, infeksi coronavirus-2019 (Covid-19) terjadi pertama kali di kota Wuhan, China. Pemerintah Indonesia pada awal bulan Maret 2020 telah menyatakan bahwa virus Covid-19 telah memasuki wilayah di Indonesia. Sebagai salah satu petugas kesehatan, perawat memiliki risiko yang cukup tinggi terinfeksi Covid-19 dikarenakan perawat lebih banyak melakukan kontak langsung selama 24 jam terhadap pasien. Dengan mengetahui terdapatnya risiko tertular oleh Covid-19, maka timbulah ketakutan perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan kepada pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak psikologis perawat yang menangani pasien Covid-19.Metode penelitian berupa studi literatur dengan berbagai referensi, seperti jurnal penelitian, review jurnal, buku serta data-data yang berkaitan dengan dampak psikologis, perawat dan Covid-19 yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2011-2021. Pencarian literatur ini menggunakan mesin pencari google di internet dengan kata kunci: dampak psikologis, perawat pasien Covid-19. Database yang diambil dari artikel yang publikasikan melalui google schoolar, science direct dan proquest.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ialah dari beberapa dampak psikologis yang dialami perawat berdasarkan penelitian yang ada, diantaranya kecemasan dan depresi yang merupakan dampak psikologis yang lebih dominan dialami oleh perawat yang melakukan perawatan pada pasien Covid-19. Serta dipengaruhi oleh berbagai penyebab seperti penyebaran dan penularan Covid-19 dan keparahan terhadap gejala-gejala yang ditimbulkan
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Support in Low Birth Weight (LBW )
Authors: Noviana Rita , Kartini Farida
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) method is effective for Low Birth Weight (LBW). A cost-effective, evidence-based intervention that is useful for preventing or reducing complications and reducing neonatal mortality in preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW). Method: The design in study is a Scoping review, published in English, published in Indonesian, last 5 years (2017 to 2021) the database used by PubMed, Wiley online library, Science Direct, and search Google Scholar Article selection using Prism Flowchart and critical appraisal using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) potential journals are exported to the Medley reference management software. Results: based on database search obtained 10 articles related to the research objectives. This research comes from countries in Asia, India, Pakistan, East Africa. It consists of qualitative, quantitative, RCT studies. There are 4 themes from the database mapping results, namely forms of KMC support. Conclusion: training and information about KMC are very necessary for mothers of low birth weigth so that mothers can do the KMC. Family support is needed to increase the desire of mothers of low birth weight to perform KMC.
Study Phenomenological Of Covid-19 Herbal Treatment In The Tehit Tribe, Teminabuan District, Sorong Selatan District, West Papua With A Transcultural Nursing Approach
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Ribka N Ivana , Hardiyanti Rina
Published: November 2023

Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) is a disease that has become a worldwide pandemic. Most of the Tehit people in rural areas do not continue their treatment to the hospital but prefer traditional medicine by consuming red fruit (Pandanus conoideus lam), besides red fruit there are still other medicines they use such as buahtaer (Anisoptera thurifera), buahkelapahutan (Borassus heneanus), sarangSemut (Myrmecodiasp). The Tehit tribal community believes that consuming herbal plants increases immunity so that the covid-19 virus does not attack easily and when exposed to Covid-19 symptoms are felt to be mild, recover quickly, and become a culture of the Tehit tribal community to maintain immunity with Papuan herbal medicinal plants can be an option. to fortify themselves, especially for the indigenous Papuan people who have a communal lifestyle and are a vulnerable group to being infected during this covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is how the effect of alternative measures on the Covid-19 herbal treatment of the Tehit tribe. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological study approach. In this study, the measuring instrument used was a primary (direct) data collection technique, namely in-depth interviews. ) To test the credibility of the data, it is done by triangulation of data sources where the researcher checks the data obtained through several sources. The results of the study showed that the technology for the herbal treatment of Covid-19 of the Tehit Tribe was influenced along with the development of science and technology so that the community's demand for quality health services was also increasing. Therefore, health workers, both doctors and nurses, must improve their abilities so that the care provided can satisfy patients, besides that hospital facilities and infrastructure must be complete and supportive. So that people believe that medical healing is better than herbal treatment. Technology for the herbal treatment of COVID-19, the Tehit Tribe, needs a culture care agreement/negotiation.
Effect of Giving Active Lower ROM on Changes In Ankle Brachial Index (Abi) Values In Diabetes Melitus Type II Patients at Mangusada Hospital Badung
Authors: Yuliantini Putu Dian , Kusuma Putu Wira , Wijaya I Putu Arta
Published: November 2023

Diabetes yang paling sering dijumpai adalah DM tipe II dengan prevalensi sekitar 90-95% dari penderita diabetes di seluruh Dunia. Jika tidak ditangani dengan baik penyakit ini dapat menimbulkan banyak komplikasi seperti penyakit arteri perifer (PAP) yang ditandai dengan penurunan Ankle Brachial Index (ABI). Salah satu bentuk latihan jasmani yang dapat dilakukan oleh pasien DM adalah latihan Active Lower Range of Motion (ROM). Latihan ROM ini bermanfaat dalam melancarkan peredaran darah khususnya pada area yang dilibatkan dalam latihan (dalam hal ini adalah area lower extremity). Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian causal (pengaruh). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pra-experimental dengan menggunakan rancangan one-group pre-post tes design. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 31 pasien. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian active lower ROM terhadap perubahan nilai Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) pada pasien DM Tipe II di RSD Mangusada Badung dengan nilai p (0,025) < 0,05. Latihan Active Lower ROM dapat meningkatkan kekuatan otot dan reflek tendon, memperbaiki sensasi proteksi dan nilai ABI, serta meminimalisasi keluhan polineuropati diabetikum sehingga mampu mencegah komplikasi ulkus kaki. Rekomendasi penelitian ini untuk perawat diharapkan dapat memahami dan mampu memberikan active lower ROM pada pasien DM Tipe II di RSD Mangusada Badung untuk memperbaiki nilai ABI sehingga mampu mencegah terjadinya diabetic foot
The Effect Modification of Pregnancy Mother's Class on Parent Readiness on Primigravida at Upt Puskesmas Beber, Cirebon Regency in 2022
Authors: Suratmi Suratmi , Mariani Nina Nirmaya
Published: November 2023

Becoming a parent is a very important phase of life for humans and has a big impact if one goes wrong in the process. Therefore, various efforts are needed so that every couple has the readiness to become parents. On the other hand, Class for Pregnant Women (KIH) is a program aimed at making mothers aware of all information and as a means to learn together about health for pregnant women, in the form of face-to-face in groups. It is necessary to modify the KIH in order to prepare to become a maximum family. The study was conducted at Beber Health Center, Cirebon Regency from March to December 2022 with a quasi-experimental quantitative study in one group (non-random pre-test and post-test without control group design). Sampling was carried out by Total Sampling on the mother of the first child as many as 28 respondents. The activity was carried out 4 times in an attractive manner and got the results that most of the respondents were aged 20-35 years, had elementary school education, did not work, the average score of readiness before the intervention was 34.29 (± 5,437) and before the intervention was 41.67 (± 4,977). there is a difference in the average readiness as a parent before and before the intervention with a p value of 0.001. Based on this research, the Maternity Class with modifications needs to be developed and implemented for mothers of the first child to increase readiness as parentKeywords:  Modification, KIH, Being, Parent
Влияние нормы высева и способов посева на продуктивность сои при возделывании на орошаемых землях
Authors: Бабичев А. Н. , Щедрин В. И. , Балакай Г. Т. , Докучаева Л. М. , Юркова Р. Е. , Селицкий С. А.
Published: November 2023

Установлена зависимость урожайности сортов сои раннеспелого (Селекта 201) и среднераннего (Селекта 302) срока созревания от способа посева и нормы высева в условиях орошения. Исследования проводили в 2019 – 2021 гг. в Ростовской области на лугово-черноземных почвах. Выявлено, что площадь листовой поверхности достигла наибольших показателей в фазу налива бобов при норме высева 600 тыс. шт./га и ширине междурядий 0,45 м на сорте Селекта 201 — 72 тыс. м2/га; на сорте Селекта 302 — 70 тыс. м2/га при ширине междурядий 0,15 м и той же норме высева. Сорт Селекта 201 имел высокие показатели линейного роста — 112 см, площадь листовой поверхности — 70,1 тыс. м2/га и высокую вегетативную массу абсолютно сухого вещества — 7,3 т/га при норме высева 800 тыс. шт./га и ширине междурядий 0,15 м. У сорта Селекта 302 эти же показатели были выше при норме высева 600 тыс. шт./га и ширине междурядий 0,45 м. Возделывание сортов сои с разной группой спелости позволяет на орошаемых землях Ростовской области получать 4,8 – 5,2 т/га сои.
Возделывание озимой ржи при различных уровнях интенсификации в Центральном Нечерноземье
Authors: Воронов Сергей Иванович , Киричкова И. В. , Новиков С. Ю.
Published: November 2023

В период с 2019 по 2021 г. на опытном поле в Московской области на дерново-подзолистых почвах проводили двухфакторный опыт по возделыванию озимой ржи сортов Московская 12, Московская 15, Московская 18 и гибрида F1 Немчиновский. Применяемые технологии различались уровнем применения удобрений и средств защиты растений: базовая, интенсивная и высокоинтенсивная. Установлено, что урожайность озимой ржи была наименьшей у сорта Московская 12 и в среднем находилась на уровне от 6,11 т/га на делянках базовой технологии до 7,49 т/га на делянках высокоинтенсивной технологии. Наибольшая урожайность озимой ржи формировалась у гибрида F1 Немчиновский — от 7,35 т/га на делянках базовой технологии до 8,89 т/га на делянках высокоинтенсивной технологии. Должное применение всех агротехнических приемов возделывания, рациональное использование минеральных удобрений, а азотных — с привлечением методов почвенной и растительной диагностики питания, дифференцированное применение средств защиты растений позволило получить максимальные значения урожайности всех сортов и гибрида озимой ржи по высокоинтенсивной технологии, а самым продуктивным оказался гибрид F1 Немчиновский.
Роль омниканального маркетинга в развитии АПК Российской Федерации в условиях цифровизации
Authors: Дьяков Сергей Александрович , Захарова Дарья Петровна , Клевцова Даниелла Валерьевна
Published: November 2023

На современном этапе трансформации рыночных отношений цифровизация становится решающим фактором развития всех отраслей хозяйствования, в том числе и АПК. Совершенствование каналов распределения и сбыта готовой продукции посредством интеграционно-информационных процессов и усиления концентрации на потребностях целевой аудитории возможно при использовании омниканального подхода. Рассмотрено понятие омниканального маркетинга, а также его роль в развитии деятельности АПК РФ, описан алгоритм внедрения принципа омниканальности в работу агропромышленных предприятий, а также представлен перечень возможных препятствий, с которыми могут столкнуться хозяйствующие субъекты в процессе интеграции каналов сбыта.
Analysis of the impact of war events on stroke and the risk factors of their development (review)
Authors: Okunieva S.–M.S. , Prokopiv M.M.
Published: November 2023

Cerebral strokes rank fourth in the global burden of diseases. The prevalence of strokes is significantly higher in areas affected by military conflicts. Recent research results indicate that individuals residing in such zones have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and strokes, even years after the conclusion of these conflicts.A scientific analysis of sources regarding the prevalence, mortality, risk factors, and the course of cerebral strokes during global military events has been conducted. Bibliosemantic and analytical research methods were employed. This study demonstrates that strokes of the cerebral cortex remain a pressing global medical and social issue. Military events in many countries lead to an escalation in stroke incidence and mortality. This increase includes both known medical and non-medical risk factors for strokes, as well as the emergence of new significant causes. Notably, wartime hypertension, as a variant of stress-induced hypertension, has gained particular importance. Stress serves as its key etiological factor, setting in motion a cascade of pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the development and progression of these conditions. This type of hypertension is frequently associated with post-traumatic stress disorders, affecting not only military personnel but also civilian populations. During wartime, there is also a considerable rise in alcohol and tobacco consumption. Additionally, aside from the primary risk factors, stroke triggers such as anger, drug use, extended working hours, depression, psychosocial stress, and sleep disorders expedite the development and progression of the disease. Even years after the cessation of war, individuals who have experienced it are at a higher risk of ischemic heart disease, cardiopathies, strokes, and diabetes. This necessitates special attention from healthcare professionals working in the field of health care during and after conflicts.For Ukraine, it is promising to study and predict the main trends in morbidity and mortality from cerebral strokes during times of martial law, including an analysis of the risk factors for the disease and their impact on the outcome.
Prospects of using gene therapy and nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Rudenko Ye.V. , Sholomon S.M.
Published: November 2023

In the literature review, an attempt is made to systematize scientific literature regarding the possible prospects of applying gene therapy and nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. It provides a brief description of the likely etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases and offers examples of potential gene targets for therapeutic interventions. The review lists the shortcomings of traditional treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases, including typical obstacles related to drug delivery pathways, overcoming the blood-brain barrier, toxicity, and more. It describes the prospects of using nanotechnologies as technical tools for modifying various structures at the molecular level to achieve desired characteristics. In particular, nanotechnologies are described as means that have the potential to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, facilitate drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), and enhance their effectiveness. The possibility of using nanocomplexes, manufactured using various modern technologies, is also considered, including a focus on metallic, inorganic, polymeric, lipid nanoparticles, and more. The review also outlines the prospects of gene therapy, its potential for treating disorders of the nervous system through the delivery of genetic material to produce therapeutic molecules. In the context of gene therapy, special emphasis is placed on CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which has been introduced for gene editing in eukaryotic cells and is considered an economically efficient and promising method. Thus, this literature review is focused on the application of nanotechnologies and gene therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Dysfunction of the hemostasis systemin patients with multiple sclerosis and coronavirus infection
Authors: Melnyk V.S. , Sholomon S.M.
Published: November 2023

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, accompanied by a disruption of the blood-brain barrier, the development of neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. The coronavirus infection pandemic can manifest symptoms affecting the nervous system and exacerbate existing neurological pathology. The SARS-CoV-2 virus disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier through the massive release of cytokines and proteases, activating microglia and oligodendrocytes, which initiate neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. Experimental studies have demonstrated that coronaviruses can lead to demyelination and provoke exacerbations of multiple sclerosis in affected women. Dysfunction of cerebral endothelium and platelet activation plays a crucial role both in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and coronavirus infection, linking disorders of the primary hemostasis system with neuroinflammation. A close connection has been established between coagulation, inflammation, and immune reactions that occur within the vascular system. There is a hypothesis that coagulation activation at the neurovascular level may contribute to the emergence and maintenance of inflammatory reactions characteristic of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. This occurs as a result of fibrinogen penetration through the compromised blood-brain barrier, which correlates with areas of axonal damage and results in the unwanted activation of microglia and macrophages, intensifying neuroinflammation. Dysfunction of the hemostasis system in patients with multiple sclerosis and COVID-19 can lead to a worsening of the disease course, deterioration of neurological status, and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes.
The role of ultrasound screening in the diagnosis of small vessel disease
Authors: Khramtsov D.M. , Vikarenko M.S.
Published: November 2023

Objective — to assess the diagnostic value of ultrasound screening in small vessel disease.
Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the clinical bases of the Department of Therapeutic Disciplines of Black Sea National University named after Petro Mohyla (Odesa, Mykolaiv) from 2020 to 2022. A high-field 1.5 T MRI (Siemens Symphony, Germany) was used for verification. The presence of focal brain white matter lesions was assessed on axial T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences using the Fazekas, Scheltens, and Koedam scales. Cognitive functions were assessed using the MMSE scale. All patients underwent Doppler imaging of cerebral vessels using a Toshiba Aplio 500 device (Japan). As a control, 30 individuals of the same age without signs of SVD were examined. Statistical processing was carried out using methods of dispersion and correlation analysis with Statistica 14.0 software (TIBCO, USA).
Results. All patients in the main group exhibited a moderate decrease in cognitive abilities, with an MMSE score of (23.5 ± 0.4) points (in the control group — (26.7 ± 0.5) points, p < 0.05). When evaluating the results of the MRI study, phenomena of leukoencephalopathy were observed in all patients. In 9 (19.6 %) patients, stage I according to Fazekas was determined, in 22 (47.8 %) — stage II, and in 15 (32.6 %) — stage III according to Fazekas. For comparison, in the control group, only 4 (13.3 %) had minimal signs of leukoencephalopathy (grade I according to Fazekas). Atrophy of the temporal cortex of the 1st degree according to Scheltens was detected in 14 (30.4 %) patients in the main group, and atrophy of the parietal cortex of the 1st degree according to Koedam was observed in 8 (17.4 %). During ultrasound examination, signs of subclinical carotid artery lesions were found in 28 (69.9 %) patients with SVD and in 5 (16.7 %) individuals in the control group. When assessing the blood flow in the middle cerebral artery of all patients with SVD, an increase in the Gosling index to 1.15 ± 0.03 and Pourcelot index to 0.66 ± 0.03 was observed. The value of the pulsatility index correlated with the degree of damage according to Fazekas (r = 0.68) and age (r = 0.71), and to a lesser extent with the severity of atrophy of the temporal and parietal cortex (r = 0.35 and r = 0.33). In the control group, the average values of the pulsatility index were 0.79 ± 0.03 (p < 0.001), and the resistance index was 0.57 ± 0.03. When assessing the diagnostic value of the Dopplerometric method, it was established that its sensitivity is 0.96, and specificity is 0.85 (J = 0.81).
Conclusions. Cerebral vascular Doppler ultrasound has a high diagnostic value for detecting diseases of small vessels and can be used to select candidates for neuroimaging verification of SVD.
A Multiverse Analysis on the relationship between interdisciplinary research and scientific impact
Authors: Cantone Giulio Giacomo , Nighintigale Paul
Published: November 2023

Interdisciplinary research is a key issue in science policy because it is commonly associated with scientific advances and societal impact. However, recent research has shown substantial problems with underlying metrics, measures and models. As with many areas of innovation studies, and the wider social sciences, the many ways it can be defined and measured create excessive ‘researcher degrees of freedom’ raising questions about the robustness of findings. Robustness checks reduce but do not eliminate this problem. This article builds on this work and conducts a multiverse analysis of 19,028 articles from 89 prestigious business journals to assess and quantify the sensitivity of regression coefficients to factors of variations in 6,480 marginally differing models of the relationship between interdisciplinarity and future citations. The results indicate a weak positive effect on scientific impact, albeit with a noticeable time lag. The article introduces a new measure of disciplinary divergence which has a more pronounced and robust influence on scientific impact than previous diversity-based measures, and is more robust to changes in taxonomic granularity. The article formally defines the mathematical differences among indicators of semantic atypicality through a novel method for calibrating the Disparity of semantic measurements. This approach helps to explain the paradoxical findings of previous studies that disciplinary Variety is positively related to scientific impact, but disciplinary Balance is not.
Medieval and recent SO2 budgets in the Reykjanes Peninsula: implication for future hazard
Authors: Caracciolo Alberto , Bali Eniko , Ranta Eemu , Halldórsson Sæmundur , Guðfinnsson Guðmundur
Published: November 2023

Exposure to volcanic SO2 can have adverse effects on human health, with severe respiratory disorders documented on short- and long-term timescales. Here, we use melt inclusion and groundmass glass data to calculate potential syneruptive SO2 emissions during the medieval and the recent, 2021–2024, eruptions across the Reykjanes Peninsula,   the most populated area of Iceland, th[AC1] at has recently undergone magmatic reactivation with the 2021–2024 eruptions at Fagradalsfjall and Svartsengi. We target 16 individual eruptions from the medieval volcanic cycle at the Reykjanes Peninsula, the 800–1240 AD Fires, along with the 2021–2023 Fagradalsfjall eruptions and the 2023–2024 eruptions at Sundhnúksgígar. We calculate potential SO2 emissions across the RP for the individual eruptions to be in the range of 0.004–6.3 Mt. These estimates correspond to mean daily SO2 emissions in the range of 1000–111,000 t/day, higher than the mean SO2 measurements of 5240 ± 2700 t/day during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption. By using pre-eruptive sulfur values preserved in undegassed melt inclusions, we develop an empirical approach to calculate best- and worst-case potential SO2 emission scenarios of any past or ongoing Reykjanes Peninsula eruption of known effusion rate. We conclude that the potential sulfur emissions across the RP can be significantly higher than observed during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption, mainly because of the more evolved nature and higher sulfur contents of magmas erupted during the medieval period. Based on dominant NW wind directions on the Reykjanes Peninsula, eruptions in Brennisteinsfjöll pose the greatest health hazard to the capital area. Sulfate aerosol produced during long-term eruptions may impact visibility and air quality in the Keflavík Airport area. Our findings enable assessment of SO2 emission scenarios of future eruptions across the RP and can be used together with gas dispersal models to forecast SO2 pollution at ground level, and its impact on human health.
Goal inference in moral narratives
Authors: Kim Judy Sein , Colombatto Clara , Crockett Molly
Published: November 2023

We often form beliefs about others based on narratives they tell about their own moral actions. When constructing such moral narratives, narrators balance multiple goals, such as conveying accurate information about what happened (‘informational goals’) and swaying audiences’ impressions about their moral characters (‘reputational goals’). Here, we ask to what extent audiences’ detection of narrators’ reputational goals guide or prevent them from making moral character judgments intended by narrators. Across two pre-registered experiments, “audiences” read narratives written by real “narrators” about their own moral actions. Each narrator was incentivized to write about the same action twice while trying to appear like a morally good or bad person (positive and negative reputational goals). Audiences detected narrators’ reputational goals with high accuracy and made judgments about moral character that aligned with narrators’ goals. However, audiences were more vigilant toward positive than negative reputational goals, requiring more evidence of high informational goals. These results demonstrate how audiences’ inferences of reputational goals can both support and hinder narrators: accurate goal recognition increases the chance that audiences will make judgments intended by narrators, but inferred positive reputational goals can lead to vigilance about accuracy. More generally, this provides a novel approach to studying how moral information about people is transmitted through naturalistic narratives.
Bridging the Gaps Within and Between Public Services Through Samverket, a New Co-Working Concept
Authors: Tjernberg Michaela , Faith-Ell Charlotta , Champoux-Larsson Marie-France
Published: November 2023

Gaps within and between public actors cause inefficient, incomplete, and inequitable public services. A new co-working concept, Samverket, was designed and tested to address these shortcomings in two Swedish cities. This paper investigated qualitatively how public sector employees perceived the conditions for cross-organizational networking, learning, and collaboration when using Samverket and whether they experienced positive outcomes for society. The results show that this co-working concept can innovate public services and highlight which conditions are optimal when designing and using such a workplace for public sector employees. These new findings are relevant to the public sector, practitioners, policymakers, and researchers.
Development of a Digital Intervention for Psychedelic Preparation (DIPP): a theory- and person-centred approach
Authors: McAlpine Rosalind , Krajnović Katarina , Khan Maisha , Morometescu Larisa , Simonsson Otto , Sacchet Matthew , Kamboj Sunjeev
Published: November 2023

Psychedelic substances induce profound alterations in consciousness. Careful preparation is therefore essential to limit adverse reactions, enhance therapeutic benefits, and maintain user safety. This paper describes the development of a self-directed, digital intervention for psychedelic preparation. Drawing on elements from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing complex interventions, the design was informed by a four-factor model of psychedelic preparedness, using a person-centred approach. Our mixed-methods investigation consisted of two studies. The first involved interviews with 19 participants who had previously attended a ‘high-dose’ psilocybin retreat, systematically exploring their preparation behaviours and perspectives on the proposed intervention. The second study engaged 28 attendees of an ongoing psilocybin retreat in co-design workshops, refining the intervention protocol using insights from the initial interviews. The outcome is a co-produced 21-day digital course (Digital Intervention for Psychedelic Preparation (DIPP)), that is organised into four modules: Knowledge-Expectation, Psychophysical-Readiness, Safety-Planning, and Intention-Preparation. Fundamental components of the course include daily meditation practice, supplementary exercises tied to the weekly modules, and mood tracking. DIPP provides a comprehensive and scalable solution to enhance psychedelic preparedness, aligning with the broader shift towards digital mental health interventions.
Fostering Diversity in Mathematics Cognition
Authors: Sidney Pooja Gupta , Matthews Percival G
Published: November 2023

Integrating diverse perspectives in psychological science can enhance innovation in research and allow research teams to better study diverse populations of individuals through an authentic lens. Despite recent efforts to better address issues of race and ethnicity in research samples, the field of Psychology broadly, and the area of mathematics cognition specifically, has largely failed to support scientists from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. In this essay, we consider the unique contributions that scholars of color can make to psychological research in mathematics cognition. Next, we reveal common challenges faced by scholars of color and challenges to recruiting and maintaining scholars of color in our community with a focus on Black scholars. Finally, we propose actions for diversifying the “pipeline” of promising scholars. (in press in JECP)
Dual Process Model of Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression: ROC Analysis of Dual Processing in Dysphoric Individuals
Authors: Sun Yihan , Jiang Ke
Published: November 2023

According to dual process theory, relative dominance of reflexive processing characters cognitive vulnerability to depression. In the present study, we explored the cognitive processing characteristics of dysphoric individuals using ROC analysis with Dual Process Signal Detection (DPSD) model. Fifty-two participants underwent two experiments in succession with 10 minutes break. Participants perform recognition and induction task in both experiments with different task order. We found there is no difference between two groups in discrimination. In general, dysphoric group shows a symmetrical ROCs and line-shape zROCs. While control group presents an asymmetrical ROCs and curved zROCs. Similar results can be found in both recognition memory and inductive reasoning task. Our findings suggest that dysphoric individuals exhibit reflexive processing in both positive and negative priming condition. And this processing preference can be found in various cognitive tasks including recognition memory and inductive reasoning. Specifically, dysphoric persons exhibit automatic familiarity processing in both inductive reasoning and recognition memory task by common similarity comparison mechanism.
Motion-BIDS: extending the Brain Imaging Data Structure specification to organize motion data for reproducible research
Authors: Jeung Sein , Cockx Helena , Appelhoff Stefan , Berg Timotheus , Gramann Klaus , Grothkopp Sören , Warmerdam Elke , Hansen Clint , Oostenveld Robert , bids_maintainers  , Welzel Julius
Published: November 2023

We present an extension to the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) for motion data. Motion data is frequently recordedalongside human brain imaging and electrophysiological data. The goal of Motion-BIDS is to make motion data interoperableacross different laboratories and with other data modalities in human brain and behavioral research. To this end, Motion-BIDSstandardizes the data format and metadata structure. It describes how to document experimental details, taking the diversity ofhardware and software systems for motion data into consideration. This promotes FAIR data sharing and Open Science inhuman motion research.
Unpacking the connections between fractions and algebra: The importance of fraction schemes and units coordination
Authors: Viegut Alexandria Ann , Stephens Ana , Matthews Percival G
Published: November 2023

Researchers from multiple disciplines have found that fractions and algebra knowledge are linked. One major strand of research has identified children’s units coordination structures as crucial for success with fractions and algebra via multiplicative reasoning, whereas a second strand of research points to magnitude knowledge as a central conceptual structure supporting fractions and algebra knowledge. In an online study with 59 eighth graders, we compared the associations of these two foundational factors with fractions and algebra knowledge by assessing students’ units coordination skills, magnitude knowledge, and several general cognitive skills alongside multiple aspects of fractions and algebra knowledge. In regression models controlling for math anxiety and general cognitive skills, units coordination and fraction schemes were better predictors of students’ algebra knowledge when compared to fraction magnitude or fraction arithmetic skills. We replicated findings from previous studies that showed units coordination and fraction schemes were closely related and showed for the first time that units coordination was significantly associated with fraction number line estimation and fraction arithmetic scores, even after accounting for general cognitive skills. We emphasize the need for interdisciplinary teams to continue investigating relations among these constructs to further our understanding and ultimately support student learning of fractions and algebra.
Why Do We Engage in Everyday Interpersonal Emotion Regulation?
Authors: Tran Anh , Greenaway Katharine Helen , Kalokerinos Elise Katherine
Published: November 2023

Interpersonal emotion regulation occurs when people influence others’ emotions (extrinsic regulation) or turn to others to influence their own emotions (intrinsic regulation). Research on interpersonal regulation has tended to focus on how people regulate emotions, with little interrogation of why people do it, despite the importance of motives in driving emotion regulation goals and strategy selection. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic exploration of interpersonal emotion regulation motives, employing a participant-driven approach to document the breadth of motives that people hold across different social contexts. Study 1a (N = 100) provided an initial qualitative examination of motives for both intrinsic and extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation. Study 1b (N = 399) quantitatively catalogued these motives in recalled social interactions. Study 2 (N = 200), a daily diary study, used the motive taxonomy generated in Studies 1a and 1b to understand why people regulated their own and others’ emotions in everyday social interactions over the course of 14 days. Together, our findings reveal the diversity of intrinsic and extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation motives, and open avenues to further explore motives both as a precursor to and an outcome of regulatory processes in daily life.
Temporal Recall in the Shadow of Emotion: Separate Emotional Contexts Enhance Memory Beyond Explicit Emotional Awareness
Authors: Pan Rong , Wu Di , Hu Jingwen , Dou Wenjie , Gao Chuanji , Li Bao-ming , Jia Xi
Published: November 2023

Episodic memory, with its emphasis on temporal-spatial contexts, has been a longstanding focus in memory research. While previous studies have investigated the role of emotion in temporal source memory using emotionally charged stimuli, such as emotional words or images, the influence of a separated emotional context remains less explored. This study sought to understand the impact of separate emotional contexts on temporal source memory. Participants were exposed to characters set against separate emotional backgrounds (neutral or negative) and subsequently engaged in either a retrieval practice or a control condition. They were then required to identify both the temporal sequence and the emotional context of each character. Results from two experiments revealed that a negative emotional context enhanced the accuracy of temporal memory for adjacent neutral items, unlike a neutral setting. However, this negative context reduced the accuracy of recalling the associated emotion. Importantly, the boost in temporal memory due to the emotional context remained even when participants were unsure or mistaken about the specific emotion. Our findings highlight the profound influence of emotional contexts, even when separated from the item, on temporal memory recall. This research illuminates the complex interplay between emotion and temporal memory, underscoring the significant impact of emotional contexts on recall, irrespective of explicit emotional awareness.