bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RELIABILITY OF DETERMINING THE SHORT CIRCUIT ZONE OF THE LINES OF 6–35 kV
Authors: Romaniuk F. А. , Buloichyk E. V. , Huryanchyk O. A. , Kachenya V. S.
Published: July 2018

A method of increasing the reliability of determining the zone of short-circuit at the current step protection of the lines of 6–35 kV with unilateral power, aimed at improvement of their technical perfection, is presented in the paper. Having taken the relative simpleness of the current protection into account the authors consider the unilateral remote method of accounting the parameters of the emergency mode and the type of fault to be the most suitable for the implementation of the algorithm of its functioning as compared with the existing methods of fault location. The major factors affecting the accuracy of determining the short circuit zone based on the remote method are noted. With the use of the method of computational experiment the influence of the load currents and contact resistances of various levels on the magnitude and character of changes of errors of determination of the calculated distance of the point of fault from the protection installation location taking into account the errors of measuring transformers. It is demonstrated that in many cases of arc short circuit in a loaded line in order to define the zone of short-circuit with fair accuracy correction of the estimated distance to the fault as calculated by the parameters of the damaged loop (loops) is required. According to the results of numerical experiments corrective expressions on the basis of two relative asymmetry currents determined by the current values of the differences of the phase currents of the line for detecting a type of a short circuit have been obtained. The assessment of the efficiency of the proposed method has been performed. It is shown that the application of the proposed correction method makes it possible to increase the accuracy of fault zone detection. The dynamic properties of the proposed method applied to different modes of the line functioning have been studied. It is determined that in the worst case the definition of the fault zone for a maximum duration of 26 μsec is provided.
DETERMINING OF PARAMETERS OF HEAT EXCHANGE FOR VAPORIZATION OF THE MIXED REFRIGERANT ON THE HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY SINTERED POWDER CAPILLARY-POROUS COATINGS
Authors: Ovsyannik A. V. , Makeeva E. N.
Published: July 2018

The results of experimental research of heat exchange under the nucleate boiling of refrigerants R404a, R407c and R410a on the tubes with capillary-porous coating are presented. Experimental studies were carried out with the aid of an experimental installation in conditions of a large volume at pressures of saturation pн = 0.9–1.4 MPa and densities of the heat flux q = 5–35 kW/m2. For the first time the criterion equation for the calculation of the intensity of heat transfer during evaporation of ozone safe refrigerants on surfaces with high thermal conductivity sintered capillary-porous coating was obtained. Experimental data are summarized satisfactorily in a wide range of parameters of the porous layer, i.e. the pressure (pн = 0.9–1.4 MPa) and heat loads (q = 5–35 kW/m2). The ratio makes us possible to calculate the heat transfer coefficients within ±20 %. The dependence can be used in engineering calculations of the characteristics of the heat exchangers of the evaporative type. The coefficient of heat transfer during boiling of refrigerants on the investigated surfaces with the sintered capillary-porous coating, 4 times higher than on a smooth one and 1.5 times higher than on the finned surface, that allows us to come to a conclusion about the advantage of porous coatings. Boiling in capillary-porous coating leads to a decrease in weight and size of the installations due to the heat exchange intensification and the size of the tubes smaller as compared to the size of the finned ones.
MECHANICAL CALCULATION OF FLEXIBLE WIRES WHEN THE CONCENTRATED FORCES ARE REPLACED BY A DISTRIBUTED LOAD
Authors: Bladyko Yu. V.
Published: July 2018

The objective of mechanical calculation of flexible wires of substations and overhead lines is to determine the sag and tension in different climatic conditions. A wire with a uniformly distributed load is considered as a homogeneous flexible thread having the form of a parabola. Concentrated loads from spacers, barrier balls, stubs, taps to electrical apparatus and other elements are replaced with the one distributed over the span. On behalf of a span without tension springs of insulators the action of concentrated loads on the wire is considered, an error is determined when replacing the concentrated forces with the one uniformly distributed along the span by the load. The sag for the equivalent wire is determined with the aid of the ratio of the increase of the sag, due to the presence of concentrated forces. An equation of state has been drawn up which makes it possible to determine the tension after changing the number of concentrated loads, e.g., after installing spacers, hanging the barrier balls, fixing the taps. The dependence of the maximum sag on the number of concentrated forces is given. The definition of the coefficient of concentrated forces as the ratio of the sum of the concentrated loads to the weight of the wire in the span is presented. A relationship between the load factors, the increase of the sag and the coefficient of concentrated forces is established. The formula has been deduced for determining the error in the replacement of concentrated forces by a uniformly distributed load along the span as a function of the number of concentrated forces and the coefficient of concentrated forces. A decrease in the error with an increase in the number of concentrated forces has been demonstrated. A more accurate calculation of mechanical tensions and sag is possible with the use of a vector-parametric method for calculating the flexible busbar of substations and air-line wires, where the design model of wires in the form of a flexible elastic thread is placed, taking into account the spatial disposition of all structural elements.
Energy-Efficient Compact Heat Exchangers Made of Porous Heat-Conducting Materials
Authors: Osipov S. N. , Zakharenko A. V.
Published: July 2018

After successful increase of levels of thermal resistances of building enclosing structures, expenses of heat on ventilation of rooms in many cases reached similar magnitudes of indicators of heating in a cold season. Therefore, the development of new efficient heat exchangersheat exchangers of small size is of particular importance. It is possible now to create highperformance thin (of a few centimeters) heat exchangers of such high-porous heat-conducting materials as copper, aluminum, etc. Highly porous materials include porous-permeable structures having an open porosity (with a total pore surface area of more than 50 % in relation to a smooth surface). One of the main conditions for the qualitative use of such high-porous thermal conductive materials is the rapid removal of condensate outside the heat exchange zone without a significant increase in filtration resistance. Thermal calculation of such heat exchangers is based on the criteria of Fourier (Fu) and Predvoditelev (Рd). Various ways of using high-porous heat-conducting materials in the design of heat exchangers are considered. The method of production of the heat exchanger based on the application of porous-permeable material in the channels of the heat exchange part of recuperative devices is presented; the difference of the method is that the heat exchange part is performed of two or more parallel heat exchange plates with spacing between them. It has been found that a significant increase in the energy efficiency of heat exchangers of this type is possible due to the application of even small discontinuities of the heat-conducting layers of high-porous materials so to use the specific features of increased heat exchange of the initial sections with the flowing fluid. One of the main advantages of using air-to-air heat exchangers made of foamed high-heat-conducting material in the climatic conditions of Belarus is freezing resistance.
Regional Gas Supply System Considered from the Standpoint of System Analysis and Regularities of its Functioning
Authors: Mоroz D. R. , Hruntovich N. V.
Published: July 2018

Investigation of the structure and the functional patterns of the regional gas supply systems is necessary for addressing a number of operational tasks, the main ones being the following: preparing requisitions for the planned volume of gas deliveries, project design for development and reconstruction of gas supply systems and gas storage facilities, developing of functional gas tariffs for different groups of customers. The regional gas supply system is considered from the standpoint of system analysis and presented as a complex dynamic system consisting of several subsystems. The balance structure of gas consumption in the region for the ten-year period and the patterns of daily gas consumption in the region depending on the average daily outdoor temperature for the two-year period have been studied. It is discovered that the power economy, industry and agriculture account for the largest share in the total gas consumption. The values of correlation coefficients between the outdoor air temperature and gas flow rate according to the elements of the balance structure are calculated. For the daily values of gas consumption for the needs of the population and housing-and-communal services, the highest correlation coefficient between the studied characteristics R is noted = (–0,98‒(–0,96)). Analysis of the matching fields of daily gas consumption in the region to the daily average temperature over a given one-year timeframe made it possible to identified two key areas, viz.: the area of operation of the heating system and the area of positive temperatures (the cheating system is off). For each of the areas, the dependences of the daily gas flow rate on the temperature and the effect of temperature changes on the gas consumption alteration were determined. It was found out that the temperature range from 0 to 10 °C corresponds to the zone of uncertain state of the regional gas supply system, since two areas overlap in this zone, viz.: the area of operation of the heating system and the area of positive temperatures.
OPTICAL EFFECTS AT NONMETALLIC MATERIALS MICROSCOPY
Authors: Anisovich A. G.
Published: July 2018

The optical effects which appeared on internal defects of optically transparent materials by use of various methods of optical staining, i. e. dark-field illumination and polarized light were researched. It was shown that methods of optical staining support to determine spherical defects under a surface of optically transparent materials. Formation of optical effects on materials defects in dark background are partially determined by design features of microscope objective and it was found out. It was defined that the investigation using polarized light the image formation of spherical defects occurs similar to uniaxial crystal.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF KEY PARAMETERS OF MELT MAGNETIC-PULSE TREATMENT ON THE ELECTROMAGNETIC PRESSURE
Authors: Tsurkin V. N. , Cherepovskiy S. S.
Published: July 2018

Experimental data of measuring the pulse pressure in axial magnetic-pulse treatment of aluminum-based melt are obtained. Dependences between the electromagnetic pressure on the melt, amplitude and processing parameters such as the amplitude of current in the discharge circuit, the frequency of the discharge current and the distance between the inductor and the melt surface are shown.
COMPUTER MODELING OF STRAINS ON PHASE BOUNDARIES IN DUCTILE CAST IRON AT HOT EXTRUSION
Authors: Pokrovsky A. I. , Kovtun V. A. , Ryabchenko Т. V. , Khrol I.
Published: July 2018

The computer modeling of the strain distribution in the structure of ductile iron with ferrite-pearlite matrix and inclusions of spherical graphite dependence on increasing degree of deformation during direct hot extrusion was researched. Using a software system of finite-element analysis ANSYS the numerical values of the strains at the phase boundaries: ferrite-perlite, graphiteferrite and also inside the graphite inclusions were defined. The analysis of the strain distribution in the investigated structures was performed and local zones of increased strains were discovered. The results of modeling are compared with metallographic analysis and fracture patterns. The obtained results could be used in the prediction of fracture zones in the cast iron products.
KINEMATIC CALCULATION AND SIMULATION OF THE PIERCING IN PIPE PRODUCTION
Authors: Tamila V. A.
Published: July 2018

Computer model for simulating piercing process of steel workpiece was developed. Using finite element method the results obtained appropriate to the actual process with a high degree of accuracy. These results can be used when configuring the piercing mills, as well as piercing process optimization.
EFFECTS OF AUSTENITIZATION ON STRUCTURE FORMATION СHROMO-MOLYBDENUM-VANADIUM STEEL AFTER HIGH TEMPERING
Authors: Lutsenko V. A. , Golubenko T. N. , Lutsenko O. V. , Glazunova N. A.
Published: July 2018

Influence of austenitization temperature of chrome-molybdenum-vanadium steel on structure formation at the softening heat treatment is studied. It is shown that the decline of the austenitization temperature promotes to reduce the micro-hardness values due to the intensification of spheroidizing of pearlite after the overcooling and high tempering. Increasing the austenitization temperature leads to formation of an uneven structure after tempering.
DEVELOPING AND TESTING OF NON-ASBESTOS FRICTION MATERIALS IN BRAKE MECHANISMS OF THE CRANES AT THE OJSC «BELARUSIAN METALLURGICAL WORKS»
Authors: Korchak A. D. , Rozhkov A. I. , Simonyuk I. Yu.
Published: July 2018

The article describes the results of tests of asbestos-free friction materials in the brake pads cranes at scrap yard of OJSC «BSW». The tests were made on cranes of two manufacturers: PJSC «Tribo», Ukraine and the Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The following aspects were defined: requirements for materials, main features of operation; there were shown the characteristic types of wear in materials.
EFFECTIVENESS OF STATIC THYRISTOR COMPENSATORS SYSTEMS ON THE EXAMPLE OF OJSC «BSW»
Authors: Rozhkov A. I. , Rozhkov A. I. , Logvin V. V. , Kozlov A. V. , Grudnitsky O. M. , Feklistov A. V.
Published: July 2018

The issues of technical and cost efficiency of system of statistical thyristor compensators on the example of the Belarusian steel works are considered. Information on researches of system of power supply of arc-furnace melting shops is provided. The data of the highest harmonicas of the arc steel-melting furnace and ladle furnace are specified. The diagrams of current, voltage, capacities during the operation of the arc steel-melting furnace both with system of thyristor compensators, and without it are provided.
PERFORMANCE OF THE INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON INTRODUCTION OF AT THE BELARUS’ MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES ROLL PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED AT OJSC BSW
Authors: Vityaz P. A. , Tolstoy A. V. , Vengura A. V.
Published: July 2018

Information on results of a meeting of the Interagency working group on introduction to machine-building enterprises of Republic of Belarus of roll products manufactured at ОJSC «BSW – Management Company of Holding «BMC», which are made in accordance to the European norms is provided. The purposes, tasks and activities of this working group are presented. Opinions of participants of a meeting are stated.
POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION OF SODIUM SILICATE IN MOULDING AND CORE SAND MIXTURES IN ART CASTING
Authors: Tkachenko S. S. , Krivitskiy V. S. , Yemelyanov V. O. , Martynov K V.
Published: July 2018

The environmental issues come to the forefront in the 21st century. The 2017th year is announced in Russia as the year of ecology. The possibilities of application of sodium silicate and phosphate binder for production of large forms and cores in machine-tool industry are considered in the article.
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF STRENGTH OF CORE CASTING PAINT AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
Authors: Komarov O. S. , Nemenenok V. M. , Komarova T. D.
Published: July 2018

The method and device for measuring of the strength of the core casting refractory paint at high temperatures were developed. It has been shown that the failure strength sodium aluminates binder after testified that decrease of sodium aluminates binder strength after being in the range of 300–600 °C is lower than that for sodium silicate. There is a correlation between hardness and strength of the paint during heating at 1300 °C.
IMPROVEMENT OF CALIBRATION OF CONE-SHAPED ROLLS OF THE PIERCING MILL OF THE PIPE-ROLLING SHOP
Authors: Korovin V. S. , Shashkov A. N. , Kom O. I. , Scheglov A. G. , Avdeev S. V. , Gerasimov Yu. L. , Bobarikin Yu. L.
Published: July 2018

The increase in operational durability of the technological tools of the piercing mill in the pipe-rolling shop and decrease in deficiency of produced pipes due to improvement of calibration of cone-shaped rolls is considered in the article. Increase in durability the piercing mandrels is evaluated as 1,3–4,3 times when using calibration of cone-shaped rolls with a smaller corner of an output cone. Improvement of quality of external surface of produced pipes was made due to application of experimental ring calibration of rolls. It is shown that this calibration demands big expenses of energy at the piercing.
VERTICAL CENTRIFUGAL CASTING OF A HYPEREUTECTIC SILUMIN WITH COOLING OF THE MOLD AND CASTING
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu. , Baranov K. N.
Published: July 2018

It is shown that cooling of casting molds by water with water flow of 0,42 m3/h and internal surfaces of castings with thickness of a wall 12–14 mm with water quantity 2,5×10–4–5×10–4 m3 allows to receive procurements with completely modified microstructure without use of modifiers. External layers of the produced castings consist of the eutectic silumin with compact crystals of silicon, and internal layers – of hypereutectic silumin with crystals of high-disperse primary and compact eutectic silicon.
ENERGY SAVING HEATING UNITS OF NEW GENERATION
Authors: Korobeynikov V. V. , Tkachenko S. S.
Published: July 2018

Modern thermal equipment could and should be energy saving, efficient, safe and environmentally friendly one. The company «TAKHTEH-RUS» LLC (Saint Petersburg) is a modern scientific and production enterprise which develops and produces energy-saving thermal units for wide range of applications.
FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE ZONE OF ALLOYING UNDER PLASMA-POWDER SURFACING OF COATS TYPE EuTroLoy 16006.04
Authors: Panteleenko F. I. , Zakharenko V. V. , Spetsian M. V.
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the surface coating of powder EuTroLoy 16006.04 with the help of plasma-powder overlaying. Analysis of the macro-structure made it possible to establish a partial absence of pores, fusions and cracks between the sub-spoon and the deposited layer. Differences in the phase composition and in the mechanical properties of the coatings were established. In places of application of plasma-powder overlaying an increase in hardness has been revealed.
DECREASE IN LABOR INPUT OF PRODUCTION DUE TO RATIONAL USE OF A MANPOWER
Authors: Korneevets E. V. , Burchak A. V.
Published: July 2018

The indicator of labor input is considered. Connection of labor input and labor productivity is given. Major factors of decrease in labor input are formulated. Necessity of continuous decrease in labor input is proved. Options of organizational – technical actions to reduce labor input on an example the steel-wire shops of OJSC «BSW» – Management Company of Holding «BMC» are offered.
CENTRALIZATION OF SERVICE MANAGEMENT WORK EXPERIENCE OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»
Authors: Tsidrenkov A. A.
Published: July 2018

The advantages and disadvantages of centralization of the labor service division in the enterprise are considered in the article. Optimization of the number of labor service division of enterprise, tasks of the centralization of labor service are studied.
WASTELESS TECHNOLOGY OF PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM CHIPS AND SLAGS IN A SHORT-FLAME ROTARY FURNACE
Authors: Tribushevskiy L. V. , Nemenenok B. M. , Rumiantsеva G. A. , Gorbel I. А.
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the results of research on the melting of aluminum chips and slag in a short-flame rotary furnace. Variants of the use of secondary waste products for out-of-furnace treatment of steel in the form of deoxidizers and diluents of refining slag are suggested.
ASSESSMENT OF WORKING CONDITIONS IN FOUNDRIES WITH THE MASS PRODUCTION
Authors: Lazarenkov A. M.
Published: July 2018

The results of the assessment of working conditions at workplaces of various parts of foundries with the mass character of production, for which classification of workplaces by labor conditions were developed.
MASTERING THE PRODUCTION OF A CONTINUOUS CASTING BILLET DIAMETER 200 MM FROM CHROME-MOLYBDENUM STEEL GRADES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SEAMLESS PIPES AT THE OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»
Authors: Bondarenko I. А. , Kovalenko I. A. , Tereshchenko A. V. , Feklistov A. V.
Published: July 2018

Growth in demand for drilling and perforated pipes in the Russian Federation and the USA requires an increase in the production of seamless pipes. In turn, the specific operating conditions of the pipes present special requirements to the product for strength and resistance in aggressive media. This article describes the experience of mastering the production of continuous casting billets from chromium-molybdenum steel grades at the OJSC «BSW – Management Company of the Holding «BMC».
EXPERIENCE IN USE OF RECUPERATIVE BURNERS DEVICES IN FURNACES OF PERIODIC ACTION FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF BLANKS IN SPC-2 OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»
Authors: Jadchenko D. S.
Published: July 2018

In building and modernizing industrial furnaces the following important factors should be taken into account: on the one hand, economic efficiency must be ensured, and on the other hand it is important to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, improve the working conditions of personnel, etc. At the same time, constantly increasing requirements for productivity and environmental friendliness should not adversely affect the period of cost recovery.

This article considers the experience of using recuperative burners. Both positive and negative aspects of the use of burners are considered from the point of view of economics, ecology and technology.

An important initial point of cost optimization is the correct choice of a heating system complete with an automatic control system. One example of an effective heating system is a burner with a built in air heating system (recuperative burner), which saves fuel, reduces harmful emissions and simultaneously improves the technical and economic performance of the furnaces.
APPLICATION EXPERIENCE OF COMPUTER SIMULATION SYSTEMS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AT THE ROSTOV FOUNDRY
Authors: Fedosov A. V. , Chumachenko G. V.
Published: July 2018

The stages of introduction of computer simulation tools in the production process of The Rostov Foundry are considered. A system for estimating the results of simulation is proposed, which includes the definition of complex parameters that allow an assessment of the causes and the probability of formation of shrinkage defects. An equation that determines a relationship between results of simulation and actual rejects in production is proposed. The feeder operation index is suggested to use for estimation of the reasons for the formation of shrinkage defects. The yield index is suggested to evaluate the possibility of reducing the weight of gate system. Equations for calculating of these indices are developed. A systematic approach is presented for the application of simulation results, which provides for the organization of a database of the technologies being studied. The development of this base allows not only to accumulate the experience, but also to apply it to minimize errors and save time in the process of introducing new castings. The results of practical application of the developed system for 10 positions are presented, which allowed to increase the yield by 6.9% and to reduce the total defects rate by 5.1%.
THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF RECYCLED WATER IN THE PRODUCTION OF MINERAL WOOL ON ITS SALINITY AND LIGHTNESS
Authors: Panasyugin A. S. , Grigor’ev S. V. , Teran A. I. , Tsyganov A. R. , Masherova N. P. , Pawlowski N. D.
Published: July 2018

In progress to assess the impact of chemical treatment of recycled water in the production of mineral wool, its salinity and the degree of clarification found that the most suitable reagent to achieve the objectives is a 25% aqueous ammonia solution. It is shown that the optimum quantity of ammonia to initiate the process of deposition is in the range of 4–6 ml/dm3, lower number gives a noticeable lightening of recycled water and reduction of solids, a larger leads to a re-dissolution of already formed sludge and therefore to reduce the share of bleached water and increase the content of dissolved salts.

Installed three stage character of the process of interaction of ammonia and recycled water. It is revealed that the deposition process in the recycling system water – ammonia at the initial stage limits the chemical stage of nucleation (the formation of a crystalline precipitate), followed by reaction at the interface (the formation on the surface of the original germs of continuous product.
METHODS OF INCREASING THE PLASTIC PROPERTIES OF COLD-WORKED REINFORCEMENT
Authors: Akhmetov T. A. , Kharitonov V. A. , Kozyreva Yu. V. , Mazanik A. V. , Loktionova L. V.
Published: July 2018

The article discusses the use of a device for stress relieving in the manufacture of cold-shaped reinforcement armature with a diameter of 10 mm, which makes it possible to increase its plastic characteristics. Ductility or deformability is a complex characteristic of the reinforcement, which directly affects the safety of buildings and structures.

From modern understanding point of view of the operation of reinforcement in reinforced concrete two characteristics are used for the ductility characteristics: the ratio of the time resistance to rupture to the yield point and the total relative elongation at maximum load ratio of tensile strength to yield strength

Traditional technologies allow to produce stable cold-formed reinforcement armature only of the ductility class «A». Application of special types of profile and «non-traditional» relief devices potentially will allow the production of cold-worked reinforcement armature of class of ductility «B».
ACHIEVEMENT OF DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY OF LENGTH VARIABLE THICKNESS STRIP AT ROLLING
Authors: Petyushik E. E. , Kritsky A. D. , Ivanitsky D. M.
Published: July 2018

It is established that the process of symmetrical rolling is accompanied by high metal pressure on the rolls, which leads to wear on their working surface. To reduce the metal pressure, the tension of the strip ends is applied. With a minimum forward tension, the deformation conditions are realized in the case of a discrepancy between the circumferential speeds of the working rolls. It is determined that the precision of products depends on the amount of advance and this must be taken into account when rolling with variable reduction. An equation for determining the instantaneous advance of the metal in the cross section of the exit from the deformation center during the rolling of profiles of variable cross section with increasing compression is presented. It has been theoretically proved that in order to reduce tool wear and to achieve the specified dimensional accuracy of the rolling profile, it is quite sufficient to roll the strip in the last pass with a minimum unit reduction of not more than 0,5 mm.
LUBRICANTS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SAND-SMOOTHED RODS BY HYDRAULIC TOOLING
Authors: Pivovarchyk E. V. , MikhaltsovM. A.
Published: July 2018

The article presents the results of research on the development of the lubricant composition for the production of sand-resin rods over a heated tooling with high technological and consumer properties. It has been established that the conditional viscosity of the developed lubricant compositions decreases when oleic acid is added to the polymethylsiloxane liquid in an amount of 5 to 25% from 10 to 8 s, and the density of lubricants is reduced from 908 to 882 kg/m3. It has been established that when oleic acid is added to the base in an amount of 15%, the sedimentation stability of the lubricant is increased by more than 30 times. It is shown that the developed lubricant composition has the best lubrication characteristics at the following component ratio: base (polymethylsiloxane liquid PMS 300) – 15%, additive (oleic acid) – 15%, surfactant – 3,0%, water – the rest. The results of the research can be used by the process engineers when choosing the composition of the lubricant for making rods by the heated tooling.
RESEARCH OF THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CAST SILUMIN АК15М3
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Kukareko V. A. , Stetsenko V. Yu. , Chekulaev V. , Sukhotsky P. G.
Published: July 2018

A comparative study of the tribological properties of antifriction silumin casting АК15М3 and typical bronzes БрОЦС, БрОФ and БрАЖ at the friction in the lubricant-20A in a wide range of sliding velocities and pressures of the tests. The conclusion is made that the silumin АК15М3 can be used to replace anti-friction bronze type БрОЦС, БрОФ and БрАЖ in highly loaded friction units.
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON SAND-CLAY FORMS AT CONSOLIDATION BY THE AIR STREAM
Authors: Issagulov A. Z. , Kulikov V. Yu. , Issagulova D. A. , Kovalyova T. V.
Published: July 2018

One way to compact large-sized sandy-clay mixtures is air-pulse molding. Spreaders used in practice in pulsed molding do not ensure homogeneity of the density at the surface and in the volume of the mold. The design of a gas flow divider is proposed that allows changing the area of the apertures due to the shaped plate and, accordingly, increasing or decreasing the speed and volume of the transmitted air fl w acting on the mixture. This ultimately guarantees uniformity of density throughout the volume of the mold.

Also results of researches of voltages and the density appearing in a coma of a mix on height at sealing of sandy-clay forms by an air stream are resulted. The use of air molding with a dissector and a plate for making large-sized molds made it possible to obtain a batch of castings with high geometric accuracy and surface roughness.
WASHING UP OF SEPARATE COATINGS IN MANUFACTURING CASES FROM ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY PRESSURE CASTING
Authors: Pivovarchyk A. A. , Mikhaltsov A. M.
Published: July 2018

The article presents the results of research of the influence of technological modes of injection molding of aluminum alloys, such as the pressing speed, molding time in a mold, the method of depositing a separation coating on the mold surface and the composition of the lubricant on the erosion resistance of the separation coatings. It is established that the pressing speed is most significant from the factors that influence the thickness of the lubricating layer forming on the working surface of the mold. When using water-based coatings, the thickness of the separation coating layer on the mold surface is reduced from 19,0 to 3,2 mm; for fatty separation coatings with a powder filler from 40,0 to 7,0 mm. It was also found that the minimum thickness of the lubricating layer of the separation coating is observed in the gate area and is in the range from 1,2 to 1,7 mm for the investigated water-emulsion separation coatings and 6,0 to 11,0 mm for fatty greases. It is shown that when the separation coatings are applied by a mechanized method, the thickness of the lubricating layer is 2,0–2,2 times lower than when applying lubricant manually.
FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AS AN ENVIRONMENT FOR NATURE-LIKE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Doroshenko V. S.
Published: July 2018

The review describes two possible prototypes of so-called nature-like technologies of foundry production. For casting on ice patterns, mineral components are used in the manufacture of shell sand molds, and the pattern is removed from the mold by melting and naturally filtering its melt through a porous sand mixture of the mold that cures to the depth of filtration by hydration of the gypsum and cement mixed into the mixture. Also, the possibilities of constructing thin-walled castings similar to natural structures are described.
MODELING OF THE TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION DENSITY FUNCTION IN A DETAIL AT A CONSTANT HEATING TEMPERATURE
Authors: Chichko A. N. , Likhousov S. G , Sachek O. A. , Chichko O. I. , Matyushinets T. V.
Published: July 2018

The functions of the temperature distribution density of the detail on the basis of the results of numerical simulation of the heating process are calculated. Characteristics of the temperature distribution function of the detail for analysis of the level of formation of thermal stresses are proposed. It was shown that the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures of the detail varies nonlinearly with the time of heating the detail in the furnace. The method for formalizing numerical simulation data for selecting the best thermal modes for heating details is proposed.
INDICATORS OF FERROUS METALLURGY OF THE CIS COUNTRIES AND FORMER USSR TO THE YEAR 2000
Authors: Timoshpolskii V. I. , Trusova A. I.
Published: July 2018

Over the past decades, the world’s steel industry has implemented two areas of its development: construction and commissioning of modern mini-plants; modernization of enterprises with a full metallurgical cycle. Despite a number of advantages of mini-plants, the global growth of steel production since 2000 has been largely due to the construction and commissioning of Converter production in China. The article presents data on the development and restructuring of metallurgical enterprises with a full cycle, primarily in the conditions of ferrous metallurgy of the CIS and former USSR. The main technological equipment for metallurgical processing, including the production of iron, steel, blanks, finished products, as well as the volume of production per year for the leading enterprises of the CIS and the former USSR was described in the article.

It is also noted that in connection with the annual re-equipment of the production capacity of the main workshops in the steel industry of the former USSR, the training of highly qualified engineers and workers was the most important task of the state.
DEVICE FOR IMPROVING THE PLASTIC PROPERTIES OF THE WIRE RML
Authors: Kukharenko M. A. , Radkova I. N.
Published: July 2018

Currently, various manufacturers in the manufacture of wire RML used planish-straightening device (PSD), to obtain stable mechanical and plastic properties of the wire. The ensuring of the necessary parameters of mechanical and plastic properties of the RML wire is actual for OJSC «BSW» – Belarusian Metallurgical Works – Management Company of the Holding «BMC». That is why its own design of PSD was developed at BSW. The new planish-straightening device allowed to solve several problems simultaneously: to increase the plastic characteristics of the wire, to improve the adjustment of the coil lifting and to stabilize the diameter of the wire ring PML when working on the mills.
EXPERIENCE WITH THE USE OF THE CLIMATIC CHAMBER FOR ARTIFICIAL AGEING PRODUCTS AT OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»
Authors: Akatyeva M. I.
Published: July 2018

The article presents the working procedure for the camera of artificial climate type 2 X-5655-PAGE of the company «MONTAGNE». Accelerated corrosion tests in the camera make it possible to determine the ability of finished supplied products to maintain theirs properties during transportation, processing, long-term storage, as well as additional research tests in the conditions of artificial aging at the consumer, to develop methods of corrosion protection and improve the quality and competitiveness of products.
TWO-FREQUENCY CROSS-SLOT ANTENNA WITH RESONANT COLD ELECTRON BOLOMETERS FOR APPLICATION IN CORE SPACE MISSION
Authors: Kuzmin L. S. , Chiginev A. V.
Published: July 2018

Measurements of the CMB properties is an actual problem of modern astronomy. The aim of the present paper is the numerical modeling of the two-frequency planar cross-slot antenna designed for operation in the receiving system of the orbital telescope Cosmic Origins Explorer (COrE), developed by the European Space Agency to measure the CMB.

The proposed antenna is a planar metal layer on the dielectric substrate, and comprising a set of four slots intersecting each other at right angles. The composition also includes a set of microstrip lines for transmitting a signal from the resonant slots to cold-electron bolometers, and a lens for forming the main beam of the radiation diagram. Calculation of the antenna system is made by electrodynamic modeling software package CST Microwave Studio. As a result of the modeling, the radiation diagram of the antenna in two frequency channels as well as its frequency characteristics are obtained.

The calculation gives the following characteristics of the receiving system on the basis of cross-slot antenna: width of the main beam of the radiation diagram – 24.3° and 19.5°, the ellipticity of the beam – 4.2 % and 0.3 %, the bandwidth – 14.9 GHz and 19.0 GHz, polarization resolution – 23.4 dB and 29.6 dB, where the former value refers to the 75 GHz channel, and the latter refers to 105 GHz channel.

It is proposed to use a cross-slot antenna in dual-frequency mode together with resonant cold-electron bolometers to work in the receiving system of the orbital telescope COrE. Comparison of the calculated antenna characteristics with the requirements set by the European Space Agency, have shown the possibility of using this type of antenna as part COrE mission.
DEPENDENCE OF THE SPECKLE-PATTERNS SIZE AND THEIR CONTRAST ON THE BIOPHYSICAL AND STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUES
Authors: Abramovich N. D. , Dick S. K.
Published: July 2018

Speckle fields are widely used in optical diagnostics of biotissues and evaluation of the functional state of bioobjects. The speckle field is formed by laser radiation scattered from the object under study. It bears information about the average dimensions of the scatterers, the degree of surface roughness makes it possible to judge the structural and biophysical characteristics of individual tissue cells (particles), on the one hand, and the integral optical characteristics of the entire biological tissue. The aim of the study was – the determination of connections between the biophysical and structural characteristics of the biotissue and the light fields inside the biotissues.

The model developed of the medium gives a direct relationship between the optical and biophysical parameters of the biotissue. Calculations were carried out using known solutions of the radiation transfer equation, taking into account the multilayer structure of the tissue, multiple scattering in the medium, and multiple reflection of irradiation between the layers.

With the increase wavelength, the size of speckles formed by the non-scattered component (direct light) of laser radiation increases by a factor of 2 from 400 to 800 μm in the stratum corneum and 5 times from 0.6 to 3 μm for the epidermis and from 0.27 to 1.4 μm to the dermis. Typical values of sizes of speckles formed by the diffraction component of laser radiation for the stratum corneum and epidermis range from 0.02 to 0.15 μm. For the dermis typical spot sizes are up to 0.03 μm. The speckle-spot size of the diffusion component in the dermis can vary from ±10 % at 400 nm and up to ±23 % for 800 nm when the volume concentration of blood capillaries changes. Characteristic dependencies are obtained and biophysical factors associated with the volume concentration of blood and the degree of it’s oxygenation that affect the contrast of the speckle structure in the dermis are discussed.

The of speckles׳ size in the layers of tissue varies from a share of micrometer to millimeter. The established dependence makes it possible to determine the depth of penetration of light into the biotissue based on the dimensions of speckles. Calculation of the contrast of the speckle structure of scattered light in visible spectral range at different depths in the biotissue made it possible to establish the dependence of the contrast value of the interference pattern on the degree of oxygenation of the blood and the volume concentration of capillaries in the dermis.
THE ENSURING FUNCTIONAL INTERCHANGEABILITY WHEN FORMING THE CONTROL COMPLEX OF INDICATORS OF THE INITIAL CONDITION OF THE CONSUMER OF SPORTS AND IMPROVING SERVICES
Authors: Khorloohiyn A. S. , Serenkov P. S. , Romanchack V. M.
Published: July 2018

One of key elements of an engineering component quality management system of process of provision of sports and improving services in gyms is the subsystem of diagnostics of physical client state. The aim of the study was to increase in efficiency of functioning of a quality management system of process of provision of sports and improving services in gyms due to development of techniques of incorrect estimation of the initial client state.

The task of formation of a complex of indices of the initial status by criterion of necessary informtiveness is formulated. The principle of the functional interchangeability as a methodological basis for its decision is reasonable. The hierarchical structure of an integral assessment of the initial client state of gym is offered. On its basis the hierarchical model of rating of informtiveness of a complex of the single (measured) indices, the providing objectivity of an integral assessment of the initial status is developed. The correctness of model is provided at the expense of a formulation of a complex of assumptions and original technology of application of different methods of expert estimation.

The result of simulation of informtiveness of an integral assessment of the initial client state for a specific type of service and the purposes of physical enhancement includes: 1) library of sets of single indices, for each of which the technique and a monitoring aid, and also an informtiveness assessment in points, 2) the rules of support of the functional interchangeability of alternative complexes of indices by criterion of sufficiency of informtiveness of a complex based on additive models and the accepted restrictions is defined.

The concept of a technique of formation of a complex of the measured and (or) evaluated indices of the initial client state for the specific type of sports and improving service adapted under material opportunities of gym on the one hand, and responding to criterion of necessary informtiveness and the principle of the functional interchangeability, on the other hand is offered.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON-SILICON DIOXIDE INTERFACE USING PROBE ELECTROMETRY METHODS
Authors: Pilipenko V. А. , Saladukha V. A. , Filipenya V. A. , Vorobey R. I. , Gusev O. K. , Zharin A. L. , Pantsialeyeu K. V. , Svistun A. I. , Tyavlovsky A. K. , Tyavlovsky K. L.
Published: July 2018

Introduction of submicron design standards into microelectronic industry and a decrease of the gate dielectric thickness raise the importance of the analysis of microinhomogeneities in the silicon-silicon dioxide system. However, there is very little to no information on practical implementation of probe electrometry methods, and particularly scanning Kelvin probe method, in the interoperational control of real semiconductor manufacturing process. The purpose of the study was the development of methods for nondestructive testing of semiconductor wafers based on the determination of electrophysical properties of the silicon-silicon dioxide interface and their spatial distribution over wafer’s surface using non-contact probe electrometry methods.

Traditional C-V curve analysis and scanning Kelvin probe method were used to characterize silicon- silicon dioxide interface. The samples under testing were silicon wafers of KEF 4.5 and KDB 12 type (orientation <100>, diameter 100 mm).

Probe electrometry results revealed uniform spatial distribution of wafer’s surface potential after its preliminary rapid thermal treatment. Silicon-silicon dioxide electric potential values were also higher after treatment than before it. This potential growth correlates with the drop in interface charge density. At the same time local changes in surface potential indicate changes in surface layer structure.

Probe electrometry results qualitatively reflect changes of interface charge density in silicon-silicon dioxide structure during its technological treatment. Inhomogeneities of surface potential distribution reflect inhomogeneity of damaged layer thickness and can be used as a means for localization of interface treatment defects.
TECHNIQUE AND DEVICE FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL ESTIMATION OF THE ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE OF VISCOELASTIC MEDIUM
Authors: Murav’eva O. V. , Murav’ev V. V. , Zlobin D. V. , Bogdan O. P. , Syakterev V. N. , Volkov V. V.
Published: July 2018

Measuring the characteristics of process fluids allows us to evaluate their quality, biological tissues – to differentiate healthy tissues and tissues with pathologies. Measuring the characteristics of process fluids allows us to evaluate their quality, biological tissues – to differentiate healthy tissues and tissues with pathologies. One of the complex acoustic parameters is the impedance, which allows one to fully evaluate the characteristics of viscoelastic media. Most of impedance methods of measurements require using two or more reference media and the availability of calibrated acoustic transducers. The aim of this work ware introduced a methods and construction for the experimental evaluation of the longitudinal and shear impedance of viscoelastic media based on measuring the parameters of the amplitude-frequency characteristics and calculating the elements of the electric circuit for replacing the piezoelectric element which vibrating in the test medium.

The paper introduces a methods and construction of the experimental evaluation of the impedances of viscoelastic media. The suggested methods is allowed measuring longitudinal and shear impedances and determining velocities of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves and the values of the elastic moduli of viscoelastic media, including in various aggregate states. The technique is fairly simple to implement and can be reproduced using simple laboratory equipment.

The obtained values of the acoustic impedances of the investigated media are in satisfactory agreement with their reference data. In contrast to the known methods for determining the acoustic impedance, the developed technique allows us to estimate with sufficient accuracy the parameter of the shear impedance of viscoelastic media that is difficult to measure at the frequencies of the megahertz range, which determines the shear modulus of the material and characterizes its resistance to shear deformations. The results of the implementation of the developed technique for the estimation of acoustic parameters for a number of media with zero shear elasticity (alcohol, acetone) and viscoelastic media (glycerin, architectural clay, silicone sealant and glue МР-55 before and after polymerization) are presented.