bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implicit Evaluative Biases Toward Targets Varying in Race and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Mattan Bradley D. , Kubota Jennifer T. , Li Tianyi , Venezia Samuel A. , Cloutier Jasmin
Published: March 2019

Generally, White (vs. Black) and high-status (vs. low-status) individuals are rated positively. However, implicit evaluations of simultaneously perceived race and socioeconomic status (SES) remain to be considered. Across four experiments, participants completed an evaluative priming task with face primes orthogonally varying in race (Black vs. White) and SES (low vs. high). Following initial evidence of a positive implicit bias for high-SES (vs. low-SES) primes, subsequent experiments revealed that this bias is sensitive to target race, particularly when race and SES antecedents are presented in an integrated fashion. Specifically, high-SES positive bias was more reliable for White than for Black targets. Additional analyses examining how implicit biases may be sensitive to perceiver characteristics such as race, SES, and beliefs about socioeconomic mobility are also discussed. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of examining evaluations based on race and SES when antecedents of both categories are simultaneously available.
Adherence to Guidelines for Screening Polysomnography in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Knollman Philip D. , Heubi Christine H. , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen , Smith David F. , Shott Sally R. , Wiley Susan , Ishman Stacey L.
Published: March 2019

Objectives

To compare the percentage and mean age of children with Down syndrome (DS) who underwent polysomnography (PSG) to evaluate for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) before and after the introduction of the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines recommending universal screening by age 4 years.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Single tertiary pediatric hospital.

Methods

This study is a review of patients with DS seen in a subspecialty clinic. Children born preguidelines (2000‐2006) were compared with children born postguidelines (2007‐2012) regarding percentage receiving PSG, age at first PSG, and rate of OSA.

Results

We included 766 children with DS; 306 (40%) were born preguidelines. Overall, 61% (n = 467) underwent PSG, with a mean ± SD age of 4.2 ± 2.9 years at first PSG; 341 (44.5%) underwent first PSG by age 4 years. The rate of OSA (obstructive index ≥1 event/hour) among children undergoing first PSG was 78.2%. No difference was seen in the percentage receiving PSG preguidelines (63.4%) versus postguidelines (59.4%, P =. 26). The mean age at the time of first PSG was 5.3 ± 3.5 years preguidelines versus 3.4 ± 2.0 years postguidelines (P <. 0001). Children in the postguidelines cohort were more likely to undergo first PSG during the ages of 1 through 4 years (67.4% vs 52.1%, P <. 0001). There was no difference in rates of OSA between the pre‐ and postguidelines cohorts (79.8% vs 75.9%, P =. 32).

Conclusions

Nearly two‐thirds of children with DS (61%) underwent PSG overall, with a significant shift toward completion of PSG at an earlier age after the introduction of the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for universal screening for OSA.
Submandibular Gland Invasion by Oral Cavity Cancers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dundar Yusuf , Mandle Quinton , Raza Syed N. , Lin Ho‐Sheng , Cramer John , Hotaling Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2019

Objective

The submandibular gland (SMG) is typically included in level I neck dissection specimens despite limited data demonstrating SMG invasion. The main objective of this article is to determine the rate and pathways of SMG invasion by squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Data Sources

A systematic review of relevant studies was performed, evaluating articles identified via the PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline databases.

Review Methods

Descriptive features of primary tumors, primary treatment modalities, the rate and pathway of SMG invasion, and survival outcomes, if present, were reported following the PRISMA guidelines.

Results

The initial literature search yielded 273 articles, of which 17 met inclusion criteria. A total of 2306 patients with 2792 SMG resections were analyzed. Fifty‐eight resections (2.0%) were revealed to have tumor involvement. Among patients with SMG tumor involvement, the most common invasion pathway was direct SMG invasion by primary tumor (43 of 58, 74.1%). The second‐most common mode of SMG invasion was from involved adjacent lymph nodes (10 of 58, 17.2%). Only 3 SMG resections out of 2792 (0.1%) had isolated metastatic parenchyma without evidence of direct tumor invasion or invasion by involved lymph nodes.

Conclusion

Given this rarity of SMG involvement, preservation of SMG might be feasible in selected patient population. However, additional studies need to examine the functionality of preserved SMGs among patients who receive postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy.
Why size matters: Majority/minority status and Muslim piety in South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Hassan Riaz
Published: March 2019

The differences in the socio-economic outcomes of majorities and minorities have been well studied in sociology. This article breaks new ground by investigating the effect on religiosity of majority/minority status in two Muslim-majority and two Muslim-minority countries of South and Southeast Asia. Religiosity is conceptualised as a multidimensional phenomenon. The article critically discusses this conceptualisation through an analysis of survey data. The findings show significant differences in the sociological profiles of religiosity in Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority countries. The architecture of religiosity is significantly more orthodox in Muslim-majority countries. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for understanding the nature and dynamics of religious orthodoxy, the nature of civil society, religious reform and the role of collective religious social movements.
Characterizing the Importance of Criminal Factors Affecting Bus Ridership using Random Forest Ensemble Algorithm
Authors: Li Qing , Qiao Fengxiang , Mao Andrew , McCreight Catherine
Published: March 2019

Public transit systems provide mass movement with substantial traffic operational and environmental benefits. Despite these benefits, they still represent a small market share in the United States. A comprehensive understanding of the determinants of transit ridership is essential for investment allocation to improve safety, mobility, and air quality in an urban area. Except socio-economic factors, crime has been identified as a determinant for the ridership. Most studies found that ridership and crime are linearly correlated to each other, whereas other studies believed the level of crime can result in a nonlinear effect on the ridership. The relationship between ridership and crime remains inconclusive. Besides, the simultaneous relationship between ridership and crime is scarcely addressed and most ridership studies only include one or a few external factors that affect crime opportunity. This paper proposes a random-forest-based feature selection method to characterize the importance of multiple variables, to bus ridership and total crime, respectively, at different levels. A case study in Houston, Texas, USA, for the year 2017 is provided to illustrate the feature selection and modeling process. A total of 110,885 crimes, ridership on 9004 bus stops, and related socio-economic information were collected. Results indicated that a medium or lower level of ridership is positively correlated to crime; the linear relationship can be broken down at a high level; and reducing the total crime per capita can promote bus ridership. Random-forest-based models were developed with the selected determinants, performing with high accuracy in ridership per capita estimates.
Comparison of Periodontal Status Between Male Exclusive Narghile Smokers and Male Exclusive Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Khemiss Mehdi , Ben Fekih Dalila , Ben Khelifa Mohamed , Ben Saad Helmi
Published: March 2019

Studies evaluating the effects of narghile use on the periodontium present conflicting conclusions. This study aimed to compare the periodontal status of exclusive narghile smokers (ENSs, n = 74) to that of exclusive cigarette smokers (ECSs, n = 74). Males aged 20–40 years were recruited to participate in this comparative study. Information concerning oral health habits (number of yearly visits to the dentist, daily toothbrushing frequency) and tobacco exposure were obtained. Clinical measurements were performed on all the existing teeth, except the third molars. The number of remaining teeth and decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) were noted. The plaque levels were recorded using the plaque index of Löe and Silness. The gingival index modified by Löe was used to evaluate gingival inflammation. Teeth mobility was measured using bidigital mobility. The probing pocket depth was measured using a periodontal probe. Periodontal disease was defined as the presence of at least 10 sites with a probing depth ≥5 mm. Student’s t and chi-square tests were used to compare, respectively, the two groups’ quantitative and qualitative data. The two groups were matched for quantities of used tobacco, age, daily toothbrushing frequency, teeth mobility, number of remaining teeth, plaque index, and DMFT. Compared to the ECS group, the ENS group had a significantly lower number of yearly visits to the dentist (mean ± SD: 0.2 ± 0.5 vs. 0.1 ± 0.2), lower probing pocket depth (mean ± SD: 2.33 ± 0.63 vs. 2.02 ± 0.80 mm), and gingival index (median [interquartile]: 0.46 [0.10–0.89] vs. 0.00 [0.00–0.50]), and it included significantly lower percentages of smokers with periodontal disease (24.3% vs. 9.5%). In conclusion, chronic exclusive narghile smoking has fewer adverse effects on the periodontium than chronic exclusive cigarette smoking.
The Enslaved, the Worker, and Du Bois’s Black Reconstruction: Toward an Underdiscipline of Antisociology
Authors: Jung Moon-Kie
Published: March 2019

At the heart of sociology lies a paradox. Sociology recognizes itself as a preeminently modern discipline yet remains virtually silent on what W.E.B. Du Bois identifies as modernity’s “most magnificent drama”: the transoceanic enslavement of Africans. Through a reconsideration of his classic text Black Reconstruction in America, this article offers an answer to the paradox: a profoundly antisocial condition, racial slavery lies beyond the bounds of the social, beyond sociology’s self-defined limits. Consequently, even when actually dealing with racial slavery, social theories—even radical social theories, such as Du Bois’s Marxism—inexorably misrecognize it. Placing the enslavement of Black people at the center of analysis and drawing on the insights of Saidiya Hartman and other radical theorists in Black studies, an underdiscipline of antisociology is proposed as a collective project to provincialize the social and to more adequately account for the incommensurability of antiblackness.
A study of character forms and uses in Chanmen niansong ji 禅门拈颂集
Authors: Kim Aeyoung
Published: March 2019

This study aims to examine the features of the characters in Chanmen niansong ji 禅门拈颂集, a central text, while paying special attention to the variant Chinese characters (different characters with a similar pronunciation or meaning) it contains. Since Chanmen niansong ji 禅门拈颂集 includes a variety of such characters, it is possible to trace a diversity of changes in character forms from Lishu 隶书 to Kaishu 楷书. For this purpose, this study will classify variant Chinese characters in Chanmen niansong ji 禅门拈颂集 using two different classification standards, namely the structure of these characters and the method of generating them. Both versions of Chanmen niansong ji 禅门拈颂集, the variant Chinese character version and the conventional version include wuzi 误字 (wrong character), yanzi 衍字 (meaninglessly added characters), and tongjiazi 通假字 (loan character). It was found that there were some differences in the form and structure of characters in the two versions of the text. It is expected that the results of this investigation will contribute to the hermeneutic reconstruction of Chanmen niansong ji 禅门拈颂集. It seems clear that Chanmen niansong ji 禅门拈颂集 was published during the Song 宋 Dynasty in China, that is, the early Gaoli 高丽 Dynasty, a period when Tripitaka Koreana was also engraved in Gaoli 高丽. Through a basic analysis, several differences between Chanmen niansong ji 禅门拈颂集, the conventional version, and the variant Chinese character version were found, in terms of the form of their variant Chinese characters. Future research will compare the forms of the variant characters in these two texts, focusing on the pattern of character forms in the Song 宋 Dynasty in China, which is the counterpart of the Gaoli 高丽 Dynasty in Korea. This will help produce more abundant data related to character form.
Comparative-historical rhetoric
Authors: Михальская Анна , Mihal'skaya Anna
Published: March 2019

The textbook reveals the basic concepts, methodology and methods of comparative historical rhetoric-the science of speech — thinking cultures of the world, their originality and typological relationship, the science that arose at the intersection of Philology (rhetoric, linguistics, poetics), history, political science, sociology, journalism, cultural studies. The textbook can serve as a course in all these areas of higher education, equipped with modern teaching apparatus.
Actual problems of building trust between partners, the ratio of speech and power, forms of speech and forms of society, the specifics of speech of the media, business and politics are solved on the basis of the study of the structure of Russian speech culture in the context of the development of European rhetoric and modern rhetorical methodology. The author describes the methods and techniques of analysis and creation of effective texts of media, politics, business (PR and advertising).
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
The textbook is intended for areas of training 8.52.05.04 " Literary work "(specialty), 7.45.04.03" Fundamental and applied linguistics " (master's), as well as students of other Humanities, University professors, practicing journalists, specialists in PR and advertising, politicians — all for whom the problems of speech communication in the modern world are of professional and General interest.
VALORIZAR O CONTEÚDO FILOSÓFICO DOS MITOS E DAS SABEDORIAS TRADICIONAIS PARA DECOLONIZAR A EDUCAÇÃO E A PESQUISA EM FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS
Authors: Gauthier Jacques
Published: March 2019

Considerando a potência das noções de ancestralidade e comunidade na produção e transmissão do conhecimento nas culturas indígenas e afrodescendentes do Sul, o autor mostra que, contrariamente ao preconceito, existem problemas e conceitos filosóficos nas tradições ancestrais, ativos nas mitologias e particularmente presentes nas divindades. Ele examina sucessivamente cinco glifos toltecas e cinco orixás do candomblé, caracterizando a sua relevância como fontes energéticas e cognitivas para a pesquisa e educação, sugerindo algumas convergências epistemológicas com certas abordagens legitimadas pela academia, entre as quais se destaca a Sociopoética. Ele conclui com uma proposta curricular em termos de Fogo, Ar, Água e Terra, ou seja, baseada na ancestralidade dos elementais.
Rehabilitating the canine cruciate patient: part one
Authors: Corral Cheryl
Published: March 2019

Cranial cruciate ligament disease is a commonly occurring orthopaedic condition with two broad treatment options: surgical and non-surgical (conservative). This article discusses case selection for each form of management, and describes an example of a suitable treatment plan for managing a patient conservatively using rehabilitation techniques.
Clinical-histopathological and molecular study of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in Awassi sheep in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq
Authors: Mansour Khalefa Ali , Al-Husseiny Saad Hashim , Kshash Qassim Haleem , Jassim Asaad
Published: March 2019

Aim: This study aimed to conduct a clinical-histopathological and molecular evaluation of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in Awassi sheep in various regions of Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq.

Materials and Methods: A total of 150 sheep were clinically evaluated, and the wheelbarrow test was performed. 100 samples (35 blood, 25 lung tissue, 20 lymph node, and 20 lung fluid samples) were randomly selected from living and slaughtered sheep. All samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathological examinations were performed for four lung tissue and two lymph node samples.

Results: A diagnosis of OPA was made based on the results of the clinical examination and the clinical signs shown by the animals, such as dyspnea, polypnea, coughing, mucous nasal discharge, moist rales on auscultation of the affected lungs, and emaciation. Interestingly, the animals tested positive for the wheelbarrow test, with frothy nares accompanied by profuse and clear lung fluid. Histopathological examination showed various lesions such as glandular transformation in the lung tissues and emphysema. Moreover, lymph nodes showed marked follicular atrophy and necrosis-associated lymphocyte infiltration in the affected tissues. PCR revealed that 25% of the samples including eight (22.8%) blood, five (20%) lung tissue, five (25%) lymph node, and seven (35%) lung fluid samples were positive for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus; this result was highly significant.

Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that in Iraq, OPA diagnosis should be based on pathological findings and results of advanced procedures such as PCR.
Estudo da qualidade físico-química e microbiológica da água de poço tubular situado no sitio alegre no município de Lagoa Seca-PB
Authors: Silva Filho Edmilson Dantas da , Da Silva Aldeni Barbosa , Gonzaga Francisco de Assis Da Silveira , Menezes Wiliane Maria Sena , Dantas Geraldo Da Mota , Dos Santos Joelson Souza Isidro , Madureira Iremar Alves
Published: March 2019

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica da água de um poço tubular situado no sitio Alegre no município de Lagoa Seca-PB. A coleta para a análise físico-química foi realizada com a utilização de garrafas transparentes de 2 litros de politereftalato de etileno (PET). Para a análise microbiológica, coletou-se um volume de 500 ml de água em um frasco previamente esterilizado com 0,5mL de tiossulfato de sódio a 1,8 %. As amostras foram encaminhadas para o Laboratório de Química (LQ) do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB), campus de Campina Grande-PB e para o Laboratório de Processamento de Alimentos da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), campus de João Pessoa-PB, para a realização das análises. As análises físico-químicas e microbiológica foram determinadas de acordo com as normas analíticas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL, 2008). Os parâmetros microbiológicos, foram avaliados de acordo com a presença de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, E. coli e bactérias heterotróficas. Dentre os parâmetros físico-químicos avaliados, a condutividade elétrica e o cloreto estão em desacordo com a portaria de consolidação de nº 5/17. De acordo com os resultados obtidos com as análises microbiológicas, detectou-se a presença de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e bactérias heterotróficas na referida amostra de água. Porém, não foi detectada a presença da bactéria E. coli. Conforme a Portaria de consolidação de nº 05/2017, a água do poço tubular não pode ser destinada para o consumo humano, pois apresentam parâmetros microbiológicos fora dos padrões permitidos pela legislação Brasileira.
Condições operacionais de reservatórios em sistemas de abastecimento de água indiretos: Estudo de caso em um Campus Universitário
Authors: Jesus Djalma Santos de , Almeida Rosa Alencar Santana de
Published: March 2019

As boas condições operacionais dos reservatórios são imprescindíveis para manutenção da qualidade da água para consumo humano. Para averiguar a situação do parque de reservatórios em um campus universitário foi aplicado um check-list. A lista foi baseada nas normas e na legislação brasileiras para construção e operação de reservatórios e para qualidade da água para consumo humano, respectivamente. O parque de reservatórios foi inspecionado e as suas condições operacionais foram avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que, no período em que foram feitas as inspeções, nem todos os reservatórios atendiam aos padrões e recomendações estabelecidos pela NBR 5626/98 (ABNT, 1998), bem como não atendiam plenamente às demais normas e legislações vigentes. As adversidades encontradas se traduzem em vários níveis de complexidade, desde as mais simples, que carecem de poucos recursos para serem resolvidas,  até problemas mais complexos que podem ser resultado de imprecisões no projeto ou falhas na execução, ou mesmo desgastes causados pelo uso e por carências de manutenção. Tais problemas envolvem maiores dificuldades para solução e requerem maiores investimentos. Diante deste cenário, são necessárias intervenções para melhorar as condições operacionais e de manutenção do parque de reservatórios, de modo a atender ao que preconizam as normas brasileiras, especialmente a NBR 5626/98 e a Portaria da Consolidação N°5, anexo XX.
Manajemen Anestesia pada Kehamilan dengan Sindrom Eisenmenger
Authors: Arif Syafri Kamsul , Wahab Abdul , Tofani Raditya Mirza
Published: March 2019

Penyakit jantung yang dialami pada wanita hamil khususnya congenital heart disease merupakan penyakit jantung bawahan pada kehamilan yang dapat berupa kelainan pada dinding jantung yang mengakibatkan terjadinya gangguan aliran jantung. Sindrom eisenmenger sebagai hipertensi pulmonal akibat resistensi vaskuler paru yang tinggi dengan shunt yang bidirectional pada level aortopulmonal, ventrikel, atau atrial. Perubahan pada sistem kardiovaskuler selama kehamilan adalah peningkatan volume intravaskuler dan perubahan hemotologi, peningkatan cardiac output, penurunan resistensi vaskuler, dan adanya hipotensi supine akibat aortocaval sindrome. Sindrom Eisenmenger merupakan kondisi patofisiologik kompleks yang meliputi:sianosis klinis, shunting pada ruang jantung (ASD,VSD atau anomali aorticopulmona) dan hipertensi pulmonal akibat elevasi irreversibel dari PVR. Peningkatan progresif dalam volume plasma menambah beban ventrikel kanan sehingga mempresipitasi terjadinya gagal jantung kanan, Asidosis dan hiperkarbia dapat meningkatkan PVR. Peningkatan cardiac output dan aliran darah pulmonal akibat kehamilan menyebabkan hipertensi pulmonal memberat. Kebutuhan oksigen pada kehamilan meningkat, hal ini dapat mengancam terjadinya hipoksemia yang berefek pada maternal dan fetal. Manajemen anestesi sindrom Eisenmenger seringkali menemui kesulitan.Yang penting adalah menjaga keseimbangan antara tekanan SVR dan PVR dan menghindari perubahan hemodinamik yang dapat memperburuk hipoksemia melalui peningkatan shunt kananke-kiri. anestesia umum dapat mengeksaserbasi shunt kanan ke kiri dan memperburuk sianosis melalui beberapa mekanisme. anestesia regional dan direkomendasikan penggunaannya pada sindrom Eisenmenger. Perubahan hemodinamik dan respirasi biasanya minimal dengan anestesia epidural yang dimanajemen dengan baik. Tujuan monitoring perioperatif, intraoperatif dan postoperatif adalah untuk mendeteksi secara dini perubahan mendadak pada hemodinamik sehingga dapat diberikan penanganan segera untuk mencegah komplikasi pada Sindrom Eisenmenger.
Perbandingan Kadar Substansi P Serum pada Pasien Pre dan Post Operasi Tiroid yang Diberi Analgetik Bupivakain 0,25% dengan Teknik Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block (BSCPB)
Authors: Harahap C O , Wicaksono Satrio Adi , Sutiyono Doso , Sasongko Himawan
Published: March 2019

Latar belakang: Operasi tiroid dapat menyebabkan rasa sakit sehingga untuk mencegah masalah ini dengan berbagai modalitas, seperti anestesi regional bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) dengan menggunakan bupivakain 0,25% yang dikombinasikan dengan anestesi umum.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian klinis acak tersamar ganda dengan jumlah sampel 36 pasien. Sampel dibagi kedalam 2 kelompok yang diberikan anestesi regional melalui teknik BSCPB dengan kelompok perlakuan diberikan bupivakain 0,25% dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol yang diberikan NaCl 0,9% terhadap kadar substansi P serum pre dan post operasi pada pasien yang menjalani operasi tiroid.Hasil: Data penelitian diperoleh subjek laki-laki sebanyak 7 (19,4%) orang dan subjek  perempuan  sebanyak  29  (80,6%)  orang. Data substansi P post operasi kelompok  control dibandingkan kelompok perlakuan  didapatkan perbedaan bermakna  (p = 0,001). Substansi P pre operasi dibandingkan substansi P post operasi kelompok perlakuan didapatkan perbedaan bermakna (p = 0,004). Simpulan: Pemberian bupivakain konsentrasi 0,25% melalui teknik BSCPB terbukti menurunkan kadar substansi P serum post operasi.
The prevalence of potentially beneficial and harmful drug-drug interactions in intensive care units
Authors: Mehralian Hossein Ali , Moghaddasi Jafar , Rafiei Hossein
Published: March 2019

Background

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence of potentially beneficial and harmful drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods

The present cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in two ICUs in Shahr-e Kord city, Iran. The study sample was consisted of 300 patients. The Drug Interaction Facts reference text book [Tatro DS. Drug interaction facts. St Louis, MO: Walters Kluwer Health, 2010.] was used to determine the type and the frequency of the DDIs.

Results

The participants consisted of 189 patients men and 111 women. The mean age of patients was 44.2 ± 24.6 years. Totally, 60.5% of patients had at least one drug-drug interaction in their profile. The total number of DDIs found was 663 (the mean of the total number of drug-drug interactions was 2.4 interactions per patient). Of all the 663 interactions, 574 were harmful and others were beneficial. In terms of starting time, 98 of the potential interactions were rapid and 565 of them were delayed. In terms of severity, 511 of the potential interactions were moderate. Some of the drugs in the patients’ medical records including phenytoin, dopamine, ranitidine, corticosteroid, dopamine, heparin, midazolam, aspirin, magnesium, calcium gluconate, and antibiotics, the type of ventilation, the type of nutrition and the duration of hospital stay were among the factors that were associated with high risk of potential DDIs (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The prevalence of potentially beneficial and harmful DDIs, especially harmful drug-drug interactions, is high in ICUs and it is necessary to reduce these interactions by implementing appropriate programs and interventions.
Ambivalenzen des Forschens unter Bedingungen (post-) dekolonialer Praxis
Authors: Daniel Antje
Published: March 2019

Postcolonial Studies erleben einen erneuten Aufschwung an verschiedenen Orten des globalen Südens. Sie verweisen auf Hierarchien in der Wissensproduktion, stellen die Dominanz und Relevanz vermeintlich ‚westlicher‘ Theorien infrage und fordern eine Selbstrepräsentation des globalen Südens ein. Wie verändert sich das Forschen im globalen Süden durch eine solche gelebte dekoloniale Praxis? Welche Herausforderungen und Ambivalenzen existieren? Der folgende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit den dekolonialen Debatten in Südafrika, welche durch die Proteste der Studierenden seit 2015 unter dem Slogan #Fees must Fall und #Rhodes must Fall vermehrt an Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Die Relevanz dekolonialer Argumente in der Studierendenbewegung verändert dem Zugang zum Forschungsfeld und die Datenerhebung im südafrikanischen Kontext. Entstehende Ambivalenzen sowie die methodischen und epistemologischen Konsequenzen gelebter dekolonialer Praxis zeigen sich im Anspruch auf Selbstrepräsentation der Studierenden, und daraus folgend einem Ausloten neuer Erhebungsmethoden und Darstellungsformen. Diese werden besonders deutlich in der Kunstproduktion, in der Medienberichterstattung sowie in der Verwebung von Aktivismus und Forschung durch academic activism. Zugleich geht dieser Prozess mit einer Schließung des Forschungszugangs einher, welcher sich durch Skeptizismus gegenüber unbeteiligten ForscherInnen ausdrückt, der Essentialisierung struktureller Machtverhältnisse, Deutungshegemonie und der Einforderung einer ‚privilegierten Schuld‘. Die Präsenz dekolonialer Debatten in Protestbewegungen beeinflusst somit den Zugang zum Forschungsfeld als auch die Art und Schwerpunkte der Wissensproduktion in ambivalenter Art und Weise.
Jenseits von Twitter und Straßenprotest
Authors: Budniok Jan , Noll Andrea
Published: March 2019

Ausgelöst durch Energieengpässe bildeten sich in Ghana 2014 mehrere neue Protestgruppen heraus, unter ihnen Occupy Ghana und das Citizen Ghana Movement. Dasleadershipbeider Bewegungen ist mit jeweils einem Dutzend Personen relativ klein. Zur Erforschung desleadershipvon sozialen Bewegungen bieten sich insbesondere Methoden der Biographieforschung an. In ethnologischen Forschungsarbeiten wird die Biographieforschung meist mit weiteren ethnographischen Methoden wie der Teilnehmenden Beobachtung kombiniert. Zentral für die Ethnologie sind weiterhin ein Perspektivwechsel und die lange Feldforschung. Dabei erheben Ethnolog*innen sehr unterschiedliche biographische Daten und verknüpfen diese miteinander. Für den vorliegenden Artikel erhoben Jan Budniok und Andrea mit den Biographien der Mitglieder desleadershipauch ihre Familiengeschichten, um mehr über Darstellung historisch gewachsener Netzwerke zu erfahren. Zudem hängen die individuellen Beweggründe aktiv zu werden in den hier untersuchten Fällen oft mit der eigenen Familiengeschichte zusammen oder werden in einem solchen Zusammenhang dargestellt, um das eigene Handeln zu legitimieren. Diese Kombination von Biographieforschung mit weiteren ethnographischen Methoden ist eine Stärke des ethnographischen Ansatzes und kann auch von anderen Disziplinen in der Erforschung sozialer Bewegungen fruchtbar gemacht werden.
Quinoxalinedione deprotonation is important for glutamate receptor binding
Authors: Dudić Adela , Reiner Andreas
Published: March 2019

Quinoxalinediones are an important class of competitive antagonists at ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), where they are widely used to block α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptor responses. In this study we utilize two prototypic quinoxalinedione antagonists, namely DNQX and CNQX, which quench the intrinsic fluorescence of the ligand binding domain (LBD), to perform in vitro binding assays. We find that binding of DNQX and CNQX at the AMPA receptor GluA2 LBD is strongly pH dependent, whereas glutamate binding is not affected by pH. We also show that the deprotonation of DNQX, CNQX and other quinoxalinediones (NBQX and YM90K) occurs close to physiological pH, which can be explained by the lactam-lactim tautomerization of the quinoxalinedione scaffold. Analysis of our binding data indicates that quinoxalinedione deprotonation is a key requirement for binding, as we find a >100-fold higher affinity for binding of the monoanionic form compared to the neutral form. This suggests a large electrostatic contribution to the interaction with a conserved arginine residue located in the binding pocket of iGluRs. The strong pH dependence of quinoxalinedione binding, which has not previously been reported, is relevant for structure-function studies, but also for the use of quinoxalinediones in physiological experiments and envisioned therapeutic applications.
Tripterine inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by up-regulating microRNA-15a
Authors: Zuo Anjun , Zhao Peng , Zheng Yu , Hua Hui , Wang Xingang
Published: March 2019

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Tripterine is an important active component isolated from Triperygium wilfordii Hook F. This study investigated the effects of tripterine on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, as well as microRNA-15a (miR-15a) expression. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression of miR-15a. Cell transfection was conducted to change the expression of miR-15a. Viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, BrdU incorporation assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit and two-chamber Transwell assay, respectively. Expression of key factors involving in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, as well as the PI3K/AKT and JNK pathways, were evaluated using Western blotting. We found that tripterine inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, but induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, tripterine up-regulated the expression of miR-15a in a concentration-dependent manner and miR-15a participated in the effects of tripterine on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. In addition, tripterine inactivated PI3K/AKT and JNK pathways in MDA-MB-231 cells by up-regulating miR-15a. In conclusion, tripterine inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by up-regulating miR-15a and inactivating PI3K/AKT and JNK pathways.
Nanomedical detection and downstream analysis of circulating tumor cells in head and neck patients
Authors: Künzel Julian , Gribko Alena , Lu Qiang , Stauber Roland H. , Wünsch Désirée
Published: March 2019

The establishment of novel biomarkers in liquid biopsies of cancer patients has come more into focus in prognostic and diagnostic research efforts. Due to their prognostic relevance disseminated tumor cells or circulating tumor cells are the subject of intensive research and are discussed as early diagnostic indicators for treatment failure and the formation of micrometastases. A potential association of this early-systemic tumor component with poor prognosis of cancer patients could be already demonstrated for various entities including breast, colon, lung, melanoma, ovarian and prostate cancers. Thus, the detection of circulating tumor cells seems to be also applicable for minimal-invasive monitoring of therapy progress in head and neck cancer patients. A major problem of the use in clinical routine is that circulating tumor cells could not be detected by modern imaging techniques. To overcome these limitations highly sensitive detection methods and techniques for their molecular characterization are urgently needed allowing mechanistic understanding and targeting of circulating tumor cells. Especially the medical application of nanotechnology (nanomedical methods) has made valuable contributions to the field. Here, we want to provide a comprehensive overview on (nanomedical) detection methods for circulating tumor cells and discuss their merits, pitfalls and future perspectives especially for head and neck solid squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.
A Micromixer with Two-Layer Crossing Microchannels Based on PMMA Bonding Process
Authors: Wang Jibo , Liu Guojun , Li Xinbo , He Fang , Ma Xiang
Published: March 2019

A micromixer with two-layer crossing microchannels based on PMMA bonding process was proposed. The micromixer consists of two-layer crossing microchannels and periodic mixing chambers. The numerical simulation and parameters optimization of the micromixer were carried out in a Reynolds number range of 0.5–100 using CFD software, and the prototype of micromixer was manufactured by PMMA bonding process under certain temperature and pressure condition. The mixing performance of the micromixer was tested and verified by the mixing experiments using red-blue dye. Both the numerical and experimental results confirmed that the micromixer achieves an excellent mixing characteristics over a wide range of Reynolds numbers through generating Dean vortices and chaotic advection. At the same time, the PMMA bonding process proposed in this paper has certain application value and reference significance for expanding the application of three-dimensional flow channels in the field of microfluidics.
The Micro Data Linking-Panel: A Combined Firm Dataset
Authors: Leppert Philipp
Published: March 2019

The following article informs about the Micro Data Linking-Panel (hereafter MDL-Panel), a new firm

In German business statistics the statistical unit, or firm, is currently referred to as the smallest legally independent unit which keeps accounts for commercial and/or tax purposes.

dataset, available since May 2018 via the Research Data Centre of the Federal Statistical Office and the Research Data Centre of the Statistical Offices of the Federal States (RDC) (Forschungsdatenzentren der Statistischen Ämter des Bundes und der Länder (2018a, 2018b). The dataset originates from two projects funded by Eurostat over the period 2014 to 2016 with the title “Micro data linking of structural business statistics and other business statistics” (MDL). The projects combined data of various business statistics for the reference years 2008 to 2013 and were aimed at offering new perspectives on business statistics topics, which are not addressed in the ordinary publication program. Furthermore, MDL served to gain insights about the involved methodological challenges of linked data in Official Statistics. The first chapter provides background information on the projects funded by Eurostat. Chapter 2 contrasts the contents of the MDL-Panel to other products available via the RDC. The third chapter describes the scope of the dataset and its content in more detail. The article closes with future prospects for the MDL-Panel.
Crystal structure of bis[(((4-fluorophenyl)amino)methyl)triphenylphosphonium] tetrachloridocobaltate(II), C50H44Cl4CoF2N2P2
Authors: Kanchanadevi S. , Fronczek Frank R. , Arun V. , Mahalingam V.
Published: March 2019

C50H44Cl4CoF2N2P2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 18.4662(6) Å, b = 15.2888(5) Å, c = 33.2661(10) Å, V = 9391.9(5) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0403, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1005, T = 180.0(5) K.
Riboflavin - properties, occurrence and its use in medicine
Authors: Szczuko Małgorzata , Ziętek Maciej , Kulpa Danuta , Seidler Teresa
Published: March 2019

Riboflavin is built on an isoalloxazin ring, which contains three sixcarbon rings: benzoic, pyrazine and pyrimidine. Riboflavin is synthesized by some bacteria, but among humans and animals, the only source of flavin coenzymes (FAD, FMN) is exogenous riboflavin. Riboflavin transport in enterocytes takes place via three translocators encoded by the SLC52 gene. Deficiency of dietary riboflavin has wide ranging implications for the efficacy of other vitamins, the mechanism of cellular respiration, lactic acid metabolism, hemoglobin, nucleotides and amino acid synthesis. In studies it was found that, pharmacologic daily doses (100 mg) have the potential to react with light, which can have adverse cellular effects. Extrene caution should be exercised when using riboflavin as phototherapy in premature newborns. At the cellular level, riboflavin deficiency leads to increased oxidative stress and causes disorders in the glutathione recycling process. Risk factors for developing riboflavin deficinecy include pregnancy, malnutrition (including anorexia and other eating disorders, vegitarianism, veganism and alcoholism. Furthermore, elderly people and atheletes are also at risk of developing this deficiency. Widespread use of riboflavin in medicine, cancer therapy, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, corneal ectasia and viral infections has resulted in the recent increased interest in this flavina.
Effects of Different Weekly Sets-Equated Resistance Training Frequencies on Muscular Strength, Muscle Mass, and Body Fat in Older Women
Authors: Pina Fábio L.C. , Nunes João Pedro , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Nascimento Matheus A. , Gerage Aline M. , Januário Renata S. B. , Carneiro Nelson H. , Cyrino Edilson S. , Oliveira Arli R.
Published: March 2019

Pina, FLC, Nunes, JP, Schoenfeld, BJ, Nascimento, MA, Gerage, AM, Januário, RSB, Carneiro, NH, Cyrino, ES, and Oliveira, AR. Effects of different weekly sets-equated resistance training frequencies on muscular strength, muscle mass and body fat in older women. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2990–2995, 2020—The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of different resistance training (RT) frequencies (2 vs. 3 times per week) with an equivalent number of weekly sets performed between conditions on muscular strength and body composition in older women. Forty-seven older women (65 ± 4 years) were divided into 2 groups that performed a 12-week RT program either 2 (G2x and 3 sets) or 3 (G3x and 2 sets) times per week. The groups were evaluated before and after study on measures of body composition through dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and muscular strength through one repetition maximum (1RM) testing. Lean soft tissue was significantly increased in both groups (G2x = +1.7%, G3x = +1.7%), while only G3x reduced body fat after the intervention period (G2x = −0.7%, G3x = −2.9%). Similarly, significant increases were noted between conditions for 1RM scores in bench press (G2x = +11.8%, G3x = +11.9%) and knee extension (G2x = +17.4%, G3x = +10.8%). The results indicate that performing 2 or 3 RT sessions per week promotes similar improvements in muscular outcomes, while training more frequently may reduce body fat after 12 weeks of weekly sets-equated RT in untrained older women.
Changes in Blood Concentration of Adenosine Triphosphate Metabolism Biomarkers During Incremental Exercise in Highly Trained Athletes of Different Sport Specializations
Authors: Włodarczyk Michał , Kusy Krzysztof , Słomińska Ewa , Krasiński Zbigniew , Zieliński Jacek
Published: March 2019

Włodarczyk, M, Kusy, K, Słomińska, E, Krasiński, Z, and Zieliński, J. Changes in blood concentration of adenosine triphosphate metabolism biomarkers during incremental exercise in highly trained athletes of different sport specializations. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1192–1200, 2019—We hypothesized that (a) high-level specialized sport training causes different adaptations that induce specific biomarker release dynamics during exercise and recovery and (b) skeletal muscle mass affects biomarker release. Eleven sprinters (21–30 years), 16 endurance runners (18–31 years), 12 futsal players (18–29 years), and 12 amateur runners as controls (22–33 years) were examined. Hypoxanthine (Hx), xanthine (X), uric acid (UA), ammonia (NH3), and lactate (LA) concentrations were determined at rest, during an incremental treadmill exercise test (every 3 minutes), and during recovery (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after exercise). Hx, X, and UA concentration was determined from plasma, while LA and NH3 from whole blood, and muscle mass was assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry method. At rest, during incremental exercise, and up to 30 minutes into the postexercise recovery period, sprinters had lowest Hx, X, and UA concentrations, and endurance athletes had lowest NH3 concentrations. For LA during exercise, the lowest concentrations were noted in endurance athletes, except when reaching maximum intensity, where the differences between groups were not significant. There were no significant correlations observed between skeletal muscle mass and biomarker concentration at maximal intensity and recovery in any group. In conclusion, the magnitude of exercise-induced biomarker concentration is only related to training adaptations through specific training profile but not to muscle mass. In addition, the results suggest that combined measuring of LA, NH3, and Hx concentration in blood is useful in indirectly reflecting key changes in exercise- and training-induced energy status. Further research should focus on studying how specific training sessions affect individual biomarker response in highly trained athletes.
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a Varying-Speed Road Profiler
Authors: Guo Runhua , Yu Zhenzhou , Zhou Youjia
Published: March 2019

The International Roughness Index (IRI) has been widely used to characterize the road ride quality in the highway engineering community. IRI is commonly obtained via the longitudinal profile data collected by a high-speed inertial profiler. It is well known that the IRI value based on an inertial profiler can be biased under low-speed or varying-speed conditions. This stems from the inherent limitation of the accelerometer embedded in the measurement system. This study proposes a different approach to solving the problem by employing three-dimension laser scanning technology. Without relying on the accelerometer to offset the vehicle vertical dynamics/vibration, the new approach uses the measurement by a line laser to transfer the elevation along the driving direction. Following this principle, a road profiler was developed and installed on a host vehicle. A preliminary evaluation of the newly developed profiler was conducted on two urban road sections in Beijing. The elevation was focused on wavelength, IRI index, and repeatability analysis. The results showed that the proposed profiler could effectively capture road elevation and accurately characterize ride quality. It was indicated that this new equipment could serve as a useful tool to better accommodate the ride quality measurement under varying-speed data collection conditions, particularly in the urban environment.
Realized Genome Sharing in Heritability Estimation Using Random Effects Models
Authors: Wang Bowen , Thompson Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

For heritability estimation using a two-component random effects model, we provided formulas for the limiting distribution of the maximum likelihood estimate. These formulas are applicable even when the wrong measure of kinship is used to capture additive genetic correlation. When the model is correctly specified, we showed that the asymptotic sampling variance of heritability estimate is determined by both the study design and the extent of variation in the kinship measure that constitutes the additive genetic correlation matrix. When the correlation matrix is mis-specified, the extent of asymptotic bias depends additionally on how the fitted correlation matrix differs from the truth. In particular, we showed in a simulation study that estimating heritability using a population-based design and the classic GRM as the fitted correlation matrix can potentially contribute to the ”missing heritability” problem.