bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS EFISIENSI ENERGI PADA APLIKASI MEDIA SOSIAL MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT KOMUNIKASI BERGERAK
Authors:   Politeknik Aceh Selatan, Hardisal Hardisal , Candra Rudi Arif , Ilham Dirja Nur , Khairuman Khairuman , Sipahutar Erwinsyah ,   Politeknik ATI Padang
Published: March 2022

Perkembangan teknologi perangkat bergerak mulai mengarah ke dimensi yang lebih kecil serta pembuatan aplikasi yang cepat, terkoneksi dan efisien. Dengan mengecilnya dimensi, efisiensi energi aplikasi perangkat bergerak menjadi sangat penting. Aplikasi ponsel berkembang sangat cepat, seluruhnya terhubung pada aplikasi seperti sosial media, hal ini menjadi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Baterai memasok kekuatan daya yang terbatas pada perangkat komunikasi bergerak, social media harus meminimalisir sinyal untuk mempertahankan konsumsi daya serendah mungkin. Rangkaian eksperimental dikembangkan dengan menggunakan mikrokontroller yang dapat mengukur konsumsi energy pada perangkat smartphone android pada jaringan 802.11. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa whatsapp mengkonsumsi daya lebih kecil dari aplikasi lainnya pada proses standby dan chat, yang kedua aplikasi Instagram dan skype mengkonsumsi daya tinggi. Untuk proses keseluruhan youtube dan tik tok mengkonsumi paling tinggi.
PERANAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DALAM PEMBENTUKAN SPIRITUALITAS MAHASISWA DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors:   Universitas Methodist Indonesia, Rumahorbo Benget
Published: March 2022

Dalam tulisan ini penulis mengungkapkan peran pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam membentuk karakter mahasiswa di era revolusi industri 4.0, menjadi “dunia” baru bagi kehidupan umat manusia yang memberikan dampak luas dalam tatanan kehidupan manusia, termasuk pendidikan Kristen. Dengan menelusuri kembali peran pendidikan agama Kristen, maka tulisan ini menegaskan bahwa pendidikan Kristen adalah wadah untuk pembentukan dan pengasuhan karakter dan spirtualitas mahasiswa agar kelak dapat menjadi pribadi yang berkarater Kristen yang mampu menyuarakan kebenaran Allah di tengah-tengah berbagai problem yang dihadapi. Selain itu, hal ini juga menunjukkan bagian dari peran pendidikan Kristen dalam mendukung transformasi karakter anak bangsa.
ON A FAMILY OF POLYNOMIALS WITH RESPECT TO THE HAAR SYSTEM
Authors: Gogyan S.L.
Published: March 2022

We construct a sequence of polynomials with respect to the Haar system and show that they form democratic bases in $L^1(0;1).$
COULOMB SYSTEMS WITH CALOGERO INTERACTION
Authors: Hakobyan T.S. , Nersessian A.P.
Published: March 2022

We describe the integrals of motion of the high-dimensional Coulomb system with and without the Stark term, perturbed by the Calogero interaction.
ANALYTICAL DESCRIPTION OF PLASMON REFLECTION FROM THE FREE EDGES OF METAL SLIT STRUCTURES
Authors: Sahakyan Kh.S.
Published: March 2022

n this paper we consider gap surface plasmon (GSP) propagation properties in slit milled in metal. Developed theoretical model allows to derive equations describing the reflection and transmission of the GSP from the free edge of semi-infinite slit or periodic array of semi-infinite slits in metallic host, analytically. Using these equations we calculate the transmitted power efficiency from the slit and from the array of slits. For the conditions when slit width (d) is very small compared to incident wavelength, the transmitted power efficiency is increased proportional with d3/2, otherwise the dependence is linear. The relation of transmitted power through periodic array of slits to the transmitted power from single slit depends on slit period for the fixed wavelength. The derived equations give mathematical mechanism to calculate theoretical resonant length, losses and Q-factor of plasmon gap microresonator structures and can be used as a preliminary guideline upon designing plasmon gap microresonator.
ON THE CONDITION OF PLANAR LOCALIZED VIBRATIONS APPEARANCE IN THE VICINITY OF THE FREE EDGE OF A THIN RECTANGULAR PLATE
Authors: Belubekyan M.V.
Published: March 2022

On the basis of the equations of generalized plane stress state the problems of planar vibrations of a rectangular thin plate are investigated. It is established possibility of the appearance of vibrations with amplitude decreasing exponentially, when moving from free edge to the opposite fixed edge. The conditions of the appearance of such localized vibrations depending on the size of the plate and the methods of fixation of other three sides are obtained.
EFFECT OF LIGAND BINDING ON FUNCTIONALITY OF DNA FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR
Authors: Mamasakhlisov Ye.Sh. , Antonyan A.P. , Hakobyan A.A.
Published: March 2022

Motivated by the prospects of developing DNA field-effect transistors, as tools for a variety of application fields such as medical diagnostics, environmental pollutants monitoring, biological weapons defense, and taking into account that the efficiency of DNA-sensors depends on the precise prediction of experimental parameters responsible for thermostability of nucleic acids duplexes and specific times of formation of DNA duplexes, we analyze the factors influencing both the thermodynamics of hybridization and the stability of DNA–DNA and DNA–RNA duplexes. In this work the case of competition-free DNA hybridization is analyzed. It is shown how the intercalating ligands effectively increase the binding constant for the target sequences and thus affects the sensitivity of the DNA-chip.
PHASE-CONTRAST IMAGING BASED ON THREE-BLOCK FRESNEL ZONE PLATE INTERFEROMETERS USING HARD X-RAY LABORATORY SOURCES
Authors: Haroutunyan L.A.
Published: March 2022

The earlier represented three-block Fresnel Zone Plate interferometer based hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging setup designed for the initial plane wave radiation has been adapted to the laboratory sources of radiation. The limited distance between the source and the interferometer as well as the finite size of the source and the limited degree of monochromaticity of the illumination have been taken into account. It was shown that the decrease of the spatial coherency of the initial radiation does not worsen, and even improves the quality of the phase-contrast imaging, by suppressing the distortions caused by the X-ray diffraction at the edges of the Fresnel zone plates and the knifes of the interferometer.
RESIDUAL STRESS ON ETTRINGITE CRYSTALS IN EXPANSIVE CEMENT PASTE
Authors: Haroutunyan V.S. , Aivazyan A.P. , Mkrtchyan V.P.
Published: March 2022

Applying the X-ray diffraction technique, we have investigated the dependence of the residual stress components on ettringite crystals in expansive cement paste depending on the content of ye’elimite admixture. The results of above stress analysis were used to analyze how the shrinkage-compensating effect and the content of ye’elimite admixture are correlated with each other.
NON-CLASSICAL PROBLEM OF BEND OF AN ORTHOTROPIC ANNULAR PLATE OF VARIABLE THICKNESS WITH AN ELASTICALLY CLAMPED SUPPORT
Authors: Kirakosyan R.M. , Stepanyan S.P.
Published: March 2022

A model of elastically clamped support for an inner edge of an axisymmetric annular round bending plate is proposed. Values of parameters of the support as well as relationship between them is determined. With the collocation method the problem of bending of a cylindrically orthotropic annual plate of a variable thickness under a uniformly distributed load is solved taking into account the transverse shear. It is assumed that the inner edge of the plate is elastically fastened and the outer one is hingedly supported. Based on the analysis of calculated values of immeasurable quantities qualitative conclusions are drawn.
HOMOGENEOUS IDEALS AND JACOBSON RADICAL
Authors: Najaryan N.G.
Published: March 2022

In this paper the Jacobson radical of an algebra$F\langle X\rangle / H$ is studied, where FhXi is a free associative algebra of countable rank over infinite field $F$ and $H$ is a homogeneous ideal of the algebr$F\langle X\rangle$. The following theorem is proved: the Jacobson radical of an algebra $F\langle X\rangle / H$ is a nil ideal.
INVESTIGATION OF LOCALIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD IN A SUBWAVELENGTH METALLIC SLIT
Authors: Arakelyan Sh.Kh.
Published: March 2022

Electromagnetic field localization in a subwavelength metallic slit by a thermo-elastic optical indicator microscope (TEOIM) was investigated. As an indicator for the TEOIM system a slide glass with sizes of $20\times 20\times0.5~(mm)$ was used, on the surface of which an $\mathrm{Al}$ film of $20~nm$ thickness was vaporized using the vacuum evaporation technique, with various slit width $(10-50~\mu m).$  Strongly localized electromagnetic field has been exited in the slits by $50~ GHz$ generator and was visualized by a TEOIM. The waveguide properties of  the system were characterized by COMSOL Multiphysics$^{\circledR}$ additionally. The simulation results are in good agreement with the visualization data set.
ANALOGUE OF THE ABRAHAM–MINKOWSKI CONTROVERSY IN ELECTRONIC OPTICS
Authors: Grigoryan Karen K.
Published: March 2022

In the problem of electron diffraction by a standing light wave (the Kapitza–Dirac effect), an electronic refractive index can be defined as the ratio of electron momenta in the wave field and outside it. Moreover, both kinetic and canonical electron momenta can be used for this purpose, which corresponds to the Abraham–Minkowski controversy in photonic optics. It is shown that in both cases the same expression for the electronic refractive index is obtained. This is consistent with Barnett's resolution of the Abraham–Minkowski dilemma.
Prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among 6-59 months children in Tehsil Battagram, Pakistan
Authors: Shakeel Ahmad  , Juweria Abid  , Nazir Muhammad  , Humaira Wasila  , Margaret Zaitoun  , Doris Abra Awudi
Published: March 2022

Objective: To find out the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition in a semi-rural setting.
Method: The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehsil Battagram of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan, in January and February 2020 after approval from the ethics review committee of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China, and comprised children aged 6-59 months who had no physical or mental disability. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric data was analysed using the World Health Organisation Anthro software. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find out the association between dependent variables, like wasting, underweight and stunting, and independent variables , like socioeconomic, child, maternal and environmental characteristics. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: Of the 504 children, 257(51%) were girls and 247(49%) were boys. The largest group was aged 36-47 months 127(25.2%), while the smallest group was aged 6-11 months 56(11.1%). Overall, 94(18.7%) children were wasted, 167(33.1%) were underweight and 248(49.2%) were stunted. Children whose family income was high had low odds for being wasted (odds ratio: 0.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.71), underweight (odds ratio: 0.30, 95% confidence interval: 0.08-0.72) and stunted (odds ratio: 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.30-0.80). Similarly, those children who were exclusively breastfed had low odds of being wasted were (odds ratio: 0.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.32-0.53), underweight (odds ratio: 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.42-0.78) and stunted (odds ratio: 0.62, 95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.97).
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Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Instrumen Pembelajaran Abad ke-21 Guru Matematik Sekolah Menengah menggunakan Model Pengukuran Rasch
Authors: A Jalil Nor Atika , Siew Nyet Moi
Published: March 2022

Pembelajaran abad ke-21 (PAK21) merupakan antara fenomena pendidikan paling popular di Malaysia pada hari ini. Bagi menempuh era pembelajaran abad ke-21, guru matematik perlu mencari pendekatan baharu agar generasi Z mampu menghadapi cabaran Revolusi Industri ke-4 di samping teguh dengan nilai dan ciri kerohanian serta mampu mengekalkan identiti nasional. Instrumen yang sering diguna pakai untuk mengukur pelaksanaan pembelajaran abad ke-21 guru adalah 21st Century Teaching and Learning Survey (21CTLS). Instrumen ini telah diguna pakai secara piawai di kebanyakan negara di seluruh dunia. Bagaimanapun, penyelidikan berkaitan PAK21 guru matematik sekolah menengah masih terhad. Oleh itu, kajian ini dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengadaptasi instrumen 21CTLS mengikut konteks kajian dan seterusnya menentukan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen PAK21 yang ditadbir ke atas 100 orang guru matematik sekolah menengah di negeri Sabah. Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen PAK21 ditentukan menggunakan Model Pengukuran Rasch melalui perisian Winstep. Dari sudut kebolehpercayaan, indeks kebolehpercayaan item menunjukkan tahap kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi iaitu 0.93 manakala indeks kebolehpercayaan responden adalah 0.88. Kesahan kandungan dan konstruk menunjukkan instrumen PAK21 adalah sesuai dalam mengukur PAK21 guru matematik sekolah menengah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa instrumen PAK21 mempunyai tahap kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi dalam mengukur pelaksanaan pembelajaran abad ke-21 guru matematik sekolah menengah.
Kesan Penggunaan Aplikasi Plickers dalam Pembelajaran Topik Imbuhan Berasaskan Gamifikasi Terhadap Pelajar Tahun Tiga
Authors: Tan Cheng Rui , Tasir Zaidatun
Published: March 2022

Tujuan kajian ini ialah mengkaji kesan penggunaan aplikasi Plickers dalam pembelajaran topik imbuhan tahun tiga berasaskan gamifikasi terhadap motivasi, pencapaian dan persepsi pelajar. Reka bentuk kajian ini ialah kajian eksperimental satu kumpulan ujian pra dan pos. Seramai 30 orang pelajar sekolah rendah dari sekolah rendah jenis kebangsaan di Skudai, Johor telah dipilih secara persampelan rawak kluster untuk dilibatkan dalam kajian ini. Instrumen kajian yang terlibat dalam kajian ini ialah ujian pencapaian pra dan pos, soal selidik IMMS (Instructional Materials Motivation Survey) dengan skala Likert 5 mata dan temu bual. Dapatan kajian mengenai motivasi pelajar mendapati, konstruk perhatian (4.50), relevan (4.58), keyakinan (3.89) dan kepuasan (4.70) memperoleh min yang melebihi 3.5. Seramai 29 orang pelajar mendapat min skor sekurang-kurang 3.50 atau ke atas. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan hampir semua pelajar mempunyai tahap motivasi yang tinggi. Dapatan kajian juga mendapati, pelajar telah memperoleh skor purata 70.33 untuk ujian pra dan 79.57 untuk ujian pos. Analisis ujian t berpasangan mendapati terdapat perbezaan pencapaian yang signifikan sebelum dan selepas pelajar menggunakan aplikasi Plickers, p<0.05. Kesan saiz kajian ini juga menyatakan rawatan dalam kajian ini membawa kesan yang besar kepada pelajar, nilai d = 1.061. Seterusnya, hasil temu bual juga menunjukkan pelajar mempunyai persepsi yang positif terhadap penggunaan aplikasi Plickers. Perkataan “seronok” telah dinyatakan sebanyak tujuh kali dan frasa “main kad” juga dinyatakan sebanyak enam kali oleh pelajar dalam temu bual. Secara kesimpulannya, penggunaan aplikasi Plickers telah memberi kesan yang positif kepada motivasi, pencapaian dan persepsi pelajar. Penggunaan aplikasi Plickers berasaskan gamifikasi berpotensi untuk dilaksanakan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran di sekolah.
Hubungan Sikap dan Tingkah Laku Keusahawanan Terhadap Pemilihan Kerjaya Keusahawanan dalam kalangan Pelajar
Authors: Ling Lim Siok , Sahid Sheerad , Othman Norasmah
Published: March 2022

Keusahawanan memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan kemajuan ekonomi sesebuah negara. Bidang keusahawanan merupakan pilihan kerjaya yang digemari oleh generasi muda khususnya di negara maju. Terdapat segelintir graduan Malaysia menganggap keusahawanan sebagai pilihan kedua atau terakhir mereka. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara sikap keusahawanan dengan tingkah laku pemilihan kerjaya keusahawanan pelajar Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Alat yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah soal selidik dalam talian, dan data dianalisis menggunakan Pakej Statistik Sains Sosial (SPSS) versi 26.0 dan teknik statistik deskriptif dan inferensi. Sampel kajian ini terdiri daripada 336 pelajar Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Borang soal selidik adalah sebagai instrumen kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa hubungan antara sikap dan tingkah laku pelajar terhadap pemilihan kerjaya keusahawanan adalah sederhana tinggi. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini mendapati pelajar Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia secara amnya digalakkan memilih kerjaya keusahawanan selepas tamat pengajian. Analisis regresi bagi sikap dan tingkah laku terdapat hubungan yang signifikan ialah 0.502 dan 0.063, bermaksud kadar hubungan dua pemboleh ubah tersebut adalah tinggi. Nilai p bagi pemboleh ubah adalah kurang daripada tahap signifikan (p<0.001), data sampel memberikan bukti yang cukup untuk menolak hipotesis.  Implikasi hasil penyelidikan ini menunjukkan bahawa para pendidik merancang dan menjalankan program pembelajaran keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar bagi merangsang minat mereka dalam bidang keusahawanan dan menjadikan kerjaya keusahawanan sebagai pilihan utama mereka pada masa akan datang.
Meneroka Cabaran dan Isu dalam Adaptasi Antarabudaya Populasi Orang Pelarian serta Pencari Suaka di Negara Transit dan Penempatan Semula
Authors: Mustafa Balqis Aini , Ahmad Abdul Latiff , Aziz Jamaluddin , Ab. Wahab Andika
Published: March 2022

Setiap individu yang bermigrasi ke tempat baharu akan mengalami proses adaptasi antarabudaya. Ini termasuklah populasi yang bermigrasi secara paksa (forced migration). Populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka merupakan populasi yang bermigrasi secara paksa ekoran faktor-faktor seperti penganiayaan, konflik, keganasan, atau pelanggaran hak asasi manusia di negara asal mereka. Sama seperti populasi yang bermigrasi secara suka rela (e.g., golongan profesional dan pelajar antarabangsa), orang pelarian dan pencari suaka juga akan mengalami proses adaptasi antarabudaya di negara tuan rumah (negara transit atau penempatan semula). Pengalaman adaptasi antarabudaya golongan terpinggir dan rentan (marginalised and vulnerable) ini bukanlah sesuatu yang mudah. Artikel ulasan ini bertujuan untuk meneroka cabaran dan isu utama yang dialami oleh populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka semasa menyesuaikan diri di negara tuan rumah. Kajian-kajian terdahulu berkaitan populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka di luar negara, khususnya negara-negara transit dan penempatan semula telah dirujuk dan dibincangkan. Pengkaji mengenal pasti beberapa cabaran dan isu utama yang dihadapi oleh populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka semasa menyesuaikan diri di negara tuan rumah iaitu (i) halangan bahasa, (ii) sosial, (iii) pekerjaan, (iv) penjagaan kesihatan, dan (v) pendidikan. Lantaran itu, negara tuan rumah seharusnya mengambil kira pelbagai aspek ini dalam membantu populasi orang pelarian dan pencari suaka untuk menyesuaikan diri di negara tuan rumah.
Pentingnya Sikap Profesional untuk Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Konseli terhadap Konselor
Authors: Kusmiati Meti , Rohmatullah Niam
Published: March 2022

As a service worker, a counselor is required to be a professional. Where a professional is someone who is an expert in their field, easy to adapt to their environment, easy to manage their time and attitude. Becoming a professional counselor is regulated in a counseling code of ethics that must be maintained and carries counseling principles that can facilitate counseling services. The performance of a counselor is spread across various fields, because basically every field requires guidance and the counselor is an expert in terms of guidance and development. The professionalism of a counselor is not only in terms of work, there are several criteria for a counselor to be considered a professional. This professionalism can create a positive influence for counselors and counselees. The counselee will put his trust in a professional counselor.

Keywords: Professional, Counselor, Trust
Algoritma K-NN untuk klasifikasi dataset Covid-19 survillance
Authors: Ivandari Ivandari , Al Karomi M. Adib
Published: March 2022

Covid-19 merupakan jenis virus mutasi baru yang banyak ditemukan dan diteliti di seluruh dunia. Untuk sementara belum ditemukan obat yang efektif untuk mengobati atau mencegah penyakit tersebut. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan berbagai pemerintahan di dunia adalah membatasi kontak fisik dengan penderita covid-19. Data mining adalah salah satu ilmu computer untuk mempelajari data dan menlakukan ekstraksi untuk mendapatkan sebuah pengetahuan baru. Salah satu teknik dalam data mining adalah klasifikasi. K-NN adalah salah satu algoritma klasifikasi terbaik. Penelitian ini melakukan klasifikasi dataset Covid-19 survillance menggunakan algoritma K-NN. Dataset Covid-19 survillance didapatkan dari portal data public yaitu uci machine learning repository. Hasil klasifikasi dengan menggunakan aplikasi bantu rapid miner menghasilkan tingkat akurasi dari K-NN adalah 55%. Tingkat akurasi 55% tergolong dalam tingkat akurasi yang rendah. Rendahnya tingkat akurasi ini dapat disebabkan oleh sedikitnya atribut yang digunakan dalam klasifikasi K-NN, serta adanya dominasi dari salah satu varian dalam atribut label.
Root Growth ofQuercus crassifolia, Q. crassipes, andFraxinus uhdeiin 2 Different Soil Types
Authors: Chacalo Alicia , Watson Gary , Bye Robert , Ordaz Victor , Aldama Alejandro , Vázquez Hector Javier
Published: March 2022

Seedlings of selected tree species were grown in small benchtop rhizotrons filled with fine- and coarse-textured soils representing 2 different urban edaphic conditions in Mexico City. Bulk density was significantly higher and porosity was significantly lower in the coarse-textured soil. The maximum depth of root penetration visible behind the glass was significantly greater in the fine-textured soil for each of the 3 species after 5 months. Roots ofFraxinus uhdeipenetrated deeper than roots of bothQuercus crassipesandQ. crassifoliain both soils.Fraxinus uhdeiroot and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced in coarse-textured soil compared to the fine-textured soil, but both Quercus species were unaffected by soil type. In the fine-textured soil,F. uhdeiroot and shoot dry weight was significantly greater than bothQuercusspecies, but not in the coarse-textured soil. At the end of the study,F. uhdeigrowing in fine-textured soil were taller thanF. uhdeigrowing in coarse-textured soil and taller than bothQuercusspecies in both soils, though the difference took 6 weeks longer to develop in the coarse-textured soil.
Callery Pear Cultivars Tested as Street Trees: Second Report
Authors: Gerhold Henry
Published: March 2022

Nine Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) cultivars were planted under utility wires in 11 communities for evaluation as street trees. In most communities, 2 cultivars were alternated within each of several plots. Cooperators in the Municipal Tree Restoration Program used standardized methods to measure them annually at the end of the growing period for 3 years, and periodically afterwards until the ninth year in some cases. Significant differences were found in growth rate, height, crown width, and trunk diameter, but growth patterns and dimensions of most cultivars that were evaluated for 9 years were similar, with some notable exceptions. The height growth of 'Autumn Blaze' seems to have stalled at 5.6 m (18.5 ft) 9 years after transplanting, whereas most other cultivars exceeded 7.2 m (23.7 ft) and were still growing about 0.4 m (1.3 ft) per year. 'Cleveland Select' and 'Whitehouse' had narrower crowns and smaller trunks than others. All cultivars were in very good health except 'Whitehouse', whose foliage and twigs were injured somewhat in most years by unidentified insects and disease, possibly anthracnose or fireblight.
Economic Analysis of Urban Tree Replacement Decisions
Authors: Scott Jessie L. , Betters David R.
Published: March 2022

Urban forest managers often are required to make decisions about whether to retain or replace an existing tree. In part, this decision relies on an economic analysis of the benefits and costs of the alternatives. This paper presents an economic methodology that helps address the tree replacement problem. The procedures apply to analyzing the benefits and costs of existing trees as well as future replacement trees. A case study, involving a diseased American elm (Ulmus americana) is used to illustrate an application of the methodology. The procedures should prove useful in developing economic guides for tree replacement/retention decisions.
Brace Rods for Codominant Stems: Installation Location and Breaking Strength
Authors: Smiley E. Thomas , Greco Craig , Williams James
Published: March 2022

The location at which brace rods should be installed to reduce the risk of breakage in codominant stems traditionally has been below the crotch. In this study, codominant stems were pulled apart with measured force to determine if crotch strength was increased by installing a rod above the crotch rather than in the traditional rod location below the junction. With both red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum), the strength of the codominant stem was increased significantly by installing the rod above the crotch a distance equal to the diameter of one of the stems. Brass rods tended to fail more than steel rods in oak but may be useful in small, weakerwooded trees.
Selected Papers from the Research Symposium on Urban Greening and Landscape Architecture Copenhagen, Denmark June 1999
Authors: Miller Robert
Published: March 2022

The Journal of Arboriculture publishes special issues from time to time as deemed appropriate by the Editorial Board and the Editor. This issue contains a series of papers from the first symposium on urban greening and urban forestry conducted in Europe. Because the Journal is a refereed publication, all papers accepted for publication in this issue have gorie through our standard review process.
Pathogenicity of Cytospora Fungi on Six Hardwood Species
Authors: Kepley J.B. , Jacobi W.R.
Published: March 2022

Cytospora canker is a serious fungal disease of many shade, fruit, and ornamental tree species in the urban forest, orchards, and nurseries. Because Cytospora species are difficult to identify and their host ranges are poorly understood, it is not known if disease occurrence on one host poses a threat to other host species. Cytospora isolates were collected from aspen (Populus tremuloides) (Cytospora chrysosperma), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) (Cytospora pruinosa), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) (Cytospora sacculus), alder (Alnus spp.) (Cytospora umbrina), cottonwood (Populus spp.) (Cytospora chrysosperma), and multi- and singlestemmed willow (Salix spp.) (Cytospora fugax). These isolates were inoculated into drought-stressed aspen, green ash, Siberian elm, thinleaf alder (A. tenuifolia), eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides), and single-stemmed willow. Ash, alder, and elm isolates were host specific. Aspen and cottonwood isolates were pathogenic only on aspen and cottonwood trees. Isolates from multi-stemmed willows caused cankers on aspen only and not single-stemmed willows. However, Cytospora spp. isolates collected from a single-stemmed willow were pathogenic on trees cloned from that willow. Water potential, as a covariate, did not explain variation in canker size among trees. Thus, Cytospora fungi that are host specific may not be a threat to other nearby tree species.
Effect of Vegetation Maintenance of an Electric Transmission Right-Of-Way on Reptile and Amphibian Populations
Authors: Yahner Richard , Bramble William , Byrnes W. Richard
Published: March 2022

A 2-year study of reptile and amphibian populations was conducted on a 230-kV transmission line right-of-way (ROW) of GPU Energy in the Allegheny Mountain Physiographic Province, Centre County, Pennsylvania, U.S., from June through October 1998 and March through October 1999. The objective was to compare the diversity and relative abundance of reptiles and amphibians between the ROW versus the adjacent forest, among five treatment units on the ROW, and between wire and borders zones on treatments on the ROW. Nine species were recorded during the study, with the three most common species being redback salamanders (Plethodon cinereus), northern redbelly snakes (Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata), and northern ringneck snakes (Diadophis punctatus edwardsii). All nine species occurred on the ROW, but only redback salamanders and Jefferson salamanders (Ambystoma jeffersonianum) were found in the adjacent forest. The diversity and relative abundance ranged from six species in the stem-foliage unit to three species in the handcutting unit. Eight and six species, respectively, were noted in the wire and border zones of the ROW. However, 81% of the observations in wire zones were those of snakes, whereas 85% of the observations in border zones were salamanders. The ROW contained a much more diverse community of reptiles and amphibians than the adjacent forest. Forest-management practices can have negative impacts on populations of amphibians and reptiles. Thus, this study provides important information on forest-management practices required for the conservation of reptiles and amphibians.
Effects of Tree Density, Tree Species Diversity, and Percentage of Hardscape on Three Insect Pests of Honeylocust
Authors: Sperry Chad , Chaney William , Shao Guofan , Sadof Clifford
Published: March 2022

Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L. var. inermis) trees in urban areas are attacked principally by three insect pests: honeylocust plant bug, mimosa webworm, and honeylocust spider mite. One hundred honeylocust trees on the Purdue University campus were studied to better understand the influence of landscape characteristics on the populations of these insect pests. Specifically, the amount of hardscape, defined as imperviousness under and around trees, including roads, sidewalks, parking lots, and buildings; density of honeylocust; and diversity of tree species around each tree were calculated at numerous spatial scales and correlated with insect pest abundance on honeylocust. Each of these landscape factors influenced insect pest and their natural enemy populations on honeylocust trees at a wide range of scales. No single combination of these factors was associated with lower densities of honeylocust pests.
Characteristics of Admissions to a Tertiary Psychiatric Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Qamruddin Mohtasim , Bsaibes Rita Elena , Yanni Madonna Hani , Skaria Sheril Varkey , Sabri Mohamed Adel , Itani Lynn , Turki Amna
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-demographic and clinical profiles of patients who were admitted to a tertiary psychiatric hospital in the UAE during 2020 compared with the corresponding period in 2019, and to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on the mental healthcare system. Methods: Socio-demographic and clinical data of the patients from March 11 to June 11 in 2019 and 2020 was collected anonymously from hospital electronic medical records. The characteristics of the two patient cohorts were compared statistically. Results: A total of 337 patient admissions to the hospital during March 11 to June 11, 2020 against 189 admissions in the corresponding period in 2019. In the multiple logistic regression model, the admissions in 2020 were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder (odds ratio ( OR) = 1.902; p =0.028) and were significantly to have no prior psychiatric history (OR = 4.255, p < 0.001), compared to those cases admitted in 2019. Conclusions: This study is unique for evaluating the patterns of hospitalization at a specific psychiatric hospital during the first three months of the pandemic in the UAE. The findings of this study will support the public health sector in designing mental health strategies in pandemic situations. A longitudinal multicenter study would give more insight into the overall impact of the pandemic on mental health.
Interrelation between intolerance of uncertainty
and the time perspective profile in the military
Authors: Hromova Hanna
Published: March 2022

Background

Time perspective (TP) theory suggests that people tend to categorize their experience in terms of the past, the present, and the future. Studies have shown that a balanced TP profile supports well-being while misbalance in the TP profile is associated with various psychopathology. On the other hand, an intolerance of uncertainty (IU) underpins a variety of affective disorders. There are still a lot of questions about the relationship between IU and the TP. The purpose of this study was to clarify the interrelation between the time perspective distortion and intolerance of uncertainty level and to examine the degree to which IU and TP scales are associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms in a military sample.

Participants and procedure

The sample of servicemen (N = 129) completed ZTPI, the IUS-12 and PCL-5 questionnaires. Correlational and regression analyses were conducted with IU scores, TP scales and DBTP and DBTP-r coefficients.

Results

IU total score correlates with Past Negative (PN), Present Hedonistic (PH), Present Fatalistic (PF), and Future (F) time perspectives in the military sample. Groups that differ in the level of IU have a significant difference in Past Negative TP. Regression analysis models using DBTP as well as DBTP-r coefficients showed similar results. Inhibitory IU, not Prospective IU, turned out to be a predictor of post-traumatic stress symptoms in this military, non-clinical sample.

Conclusions

Further studies should determine directions of associations between intolerance of uncertainty and time perspective.
Patients at Marburg Haven Clinic : a demographic and disease profile
Authors:   , Hitge Candice Elaine
Published: March 2022

Aim: A paucity of information on chiropractic patients presenting in public community clinics in South Africa (SA) exists. The purpose of this study was to carry out a demographic and disease survey of the patients that presented to the Marburg Haven Clinic, so to identify the patients that presented in a rural community outreach programme. Methods: A retrospective analysis on the patient files at Marburg Haven Clinic was completed in September 2012. Data recorded included demographic data, presenting complaints, patient history and management protocols. Results: Data of 117 patients were documented. Most patients were female (76.1%), with a mean age of 53.3 years. Indian patients (50.4%) presented most often, with a quarter of the patients unemployed (26.5%) or pensioners (21.4%). Of the employed patients, 26.5% had not specified the type of occupation and 9.4% were non-manual workers. Musculoskeletal complaints (21.2%) were the most common complaints at the Marburg Haven Clinic, with the primary diagnosis of sacroiliac syndrome (16.2%), followed by general myofascitis (22.4%). Common co-morbidities reported were hypertension, diabetes and asthma. Less than half the patient population had undergone previous surgeries and/or sought previous treatment from other medical practitioners. Sixteen patients were contra-indicated for manipulation. Common treatment protocols used were spinal manipulation, spinal mobilisation and stretching. Conclusion: This is a demographic and descriptive study of a public community outreach centre in South Africa. In relation to international studies, similarities were that the majority of the patients were female, anatomical sites of complaint (lumbar and cervical pain), common usage of radiographs, co-morbidities including cardiovascular and endocrine pathologies and manipulation were used as the treatment of choice. A prospective longitudinal study with more specific criteria for patient tracking and more defined data capture requirements is recommended to more accurately gather all data within similar settings.
An investigation of metabolic side effects of antiretroviral therapy using laboratory biomarkers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals
Authors:   , Ndlovu Thandie Sylph
Published: March 2022

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was introduced because it has shown to reverse the Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), by reducing the HIV replication, allowing the regeneration of the patient’s immune system. ART is given to patients for the rest of their lives as part of HIV clinical care, but the use of ART has shown evidence of metabolic side effects which range from manageable to life threatening complications. Aims and objectives of the study The aim of the study was to investigate whether patients on ART developed metabolic side effects such as pancreatitis, dyslipidaemia and hepatotoxicity. These metabolic side effects were determined by laboratory testing of blood levels of specific biomarkers at stipulated intervals. Any significant change in the blood levels of these specific biomarkers was identified. Methodology : The study included 92 patients who were already selected for the ART programme which is in accordance to the South African National Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines of 2003 Laboratory blood analysis was conducted. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare changes in biomarkers over time. The severity of each side effect was assessed by grading each biomarker laboratory result through the use of an established toxicity grading table. Results : It was found that the biomarker blood levels were not significantly altered within 12 months of ART, however, there was a gradual increase of most biomarker values, indicating that abnormalities may be detected after a longer period of treatment. Conclusion : Within 12 months of treatment, life-threatening toxicities were not detected. It may be speculated that if ART is monitored correctly, life-threatening toxicities may be avoided in many patients.
The effectiveness of spinal manipulation and dry needling versus spinal manipulation and Traumeel®S injectable solution in the treatment of mechanical neck pain associated with trapezius myofascial trigger points
Authors:   , Abdul-Rasheed Ashura
Published: March 2022

Background: Mechanical neck pain is a common complaint characterized by pain, limited range of motion and myofascial trigger points. The most common treatments for it are manual therapy and drug therapy. The former includes massage and exercise therapy and more specific to this study spinal manipulation and dry needling. The latter includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) and analgesics. Manipulation assists in increasing range of movement and reduces muscle spasm, while dry-needling inactivates trigger points and decreases local and referred pain. NSAIDs reduce pain and muscle spasm by inhibiting inflammatory pathways. Traumeel®S is a commonly used, safe and well tolerated homoeopathic anti-inflammatory with similar efficacy as NSAIDs but without the adverse gastrointestinal effects. It has also been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of myofascial pain. Methodology: This study was designed as a randomized comparative clinical trial. Fourty participants between ages 18-55 years of age were randomly allocated to two groups of twenty participants each. Group A received spinal manipulation and dry needling in trapezius trigger point two; while Group B received spinal manipulation and Traumeel®S solution injection in trapezius trigger point two. The study took place over a period of two weeks and involved four consultations. Subjective and objective readings were taken at every consultation. Subjective tools included the Numerical pain rating scale (NRS) and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) neck disability index. Objective tools included the pressure algometer and cervical range of motion (CROM-II) goniometer. SPSS version 20.0 was used in the data analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results showed that no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of subjective and objective measurements. However, there were statistically significant improvements seen in both groups equally in terms of subjective and objective measurements i.e. both groups showed improvement. Conclusion: The results of this study concluded that the effectiveness of spinal manipulation and dry needling versus spinal manipulation and Traumeel®S Injectable solution in the treatment of mechanical neck pain associated with trapezius myofascial trigger points is equivalent to each other. No statistically or clinically significant changes were noticed between the groups.
Türkiye Ekonomisi Para Arzı Dinamikleri ve Katılım Bankacılığı
Authors: KIVANÇ Taner , OZCAN Yunus
Published: March 2022

Türkiye’ de 2000’li yılların başı ekonomik anlamda ciddi sıkıntıların yaşandığı bir dönem olmuştur. 2005 senesi ise katılım bankaları için bir dönüm noktası olarak görülmektedir. Bu tarihten itibaren Avrupa Birliği uyum yasaları çerçevesinde katılım bankalarının Bankacılık Kanunu kapsamına alınmasıyla mevduat güvencesine geçilmiştir. Bu kararla katılım bankaları da Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası tarafından raporlanan para arzı verilerine katılmış, raporlamaların içerisinde yer almıştır. Bu sebeple katılım bankacılığı sektörü için yeni bir dönem başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada katılım bankalarının para arzına olan etkileri ve bu etkilerin 2015-2021 yılları arasındaki rakamsal değişimi analiz edilmiştir. Bu analizde para arzı tanımlarından olan M1,M2 ve M3 verileri kullanılarak, katılım bankalarının rakamları değerlendirilmiştir.
TIMP1 may affect goat prolificacy by regulating biological function of granulosa cells
Authors: Hong Lei , Chen Xiang , Zhu Min , Ao Zheng , Tang Wen , Zhou Zhinan
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) is associated with
animal reproductive processes, such as follicular growth, ovulation,
luteinization, and embryo development in mammals. The purposes of this study
were to explore the expression and localization of TIMP1 in the ovarian
tissues and determine the effect of TIMP1 on the function of granulosa cells
and the association of TIMP1 with lambing-related genes of the goats.
Immunohistochemical analysis showed that TIMP1 protein was strongly
expressed by granulosa cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that TIMP1 overexpression
promoted the secretion of estradiol of granulosa cells after 12, 24, and
48 h of transfection. Moreover, in vitro experiments indicated that TIMP1
had the ability to promote the cell proliferation and elevate the
transcriptional levels of four genes associated with goat prolificacy,
including BMPR-1B, BMP15, GDF9, and FSHB, in granulosa cells. In conclusion,
TIMP1 could be an important molecule in regulating reproductive performance
of the goats by affecting estrogen secretion and cell proliferation, as well as the
expression of lambing-related genes of granulosa cells in the goats.
A predictive viscosity model for aqueous electrolytes and mixed organic–inorganic aerosol phases
Authors: Lilek Joseph , Zuend Andreas
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Aerosol viscosity is determined by mixture composition and temperature, with a key influence from relative humidity (RH) in modulating aerosol water content. Aerosol particles frequently contain mixtures of water, organic compounds, and inorganic ions, so we have extended the thermodynamics-based group-contribution model AIOMFAC-VISC to predict viscosity for aqueous electrolyte solutions and aqueous organic–inorganic mixtures. For aqueous electrolyte solutions, our new, semi-empirical approach uses a physical expression based on Eyring's absolute rate theory, and we define activation energy for viscous flow as a function of temperature, ion activities, and ionic strength. The AIOMFAC-VISC electrolyte model's ion-specific expressions were simultaneously fitted, which arguably makes this approach more predictive than that of other models. This also enables viscosity calculations for aqueous solutions containing an arbitrary number of cation and anion species, including mixtures that have never been studied experimentally. These predictions achieve an excellent level of accuracy while also providing physically meaningful extrapolations to extremely high electrolyte concentrations, which is essential in the context of microscopic aqueous atmospheric aerosols. For organic–inorganic mixtures, multiple mixing approaches were tested to couple the AIOMFAC-VISC electrolyte model with its existing aqueous organic model. We discuss the best-performing mixing models implemented in AIOMFAC-VISC for reproducing viscosity measurements of aerosol surrogate systems. We present advantages and drawbacks of different model design choices and associated computational costs of these methods, of importance for use of AIOMFAC-VISC in dynamic simulations. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of AIOMFAC-VISC predictions for phase-separated organic–inorganic particles equilibrated to observed temperature and relative humidity conditions from atmospheric balloon soundings. The predictions for the studied cases suggest liquid-like viscosities for an aqueous electrolyte-rich particle phase throughout the troposphere, yet a highly viscous or glassy organic-rich phase in the middle and upper troposphere.
Quantifying memory and persistence in the atmosphere–land and ocean carbon system
Authors: Jonas Matthias , Bun Rostyslav , Ryzha Iryna , Żebrowski Piotr
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Here we intend to further the understanding of the planetary burden (and its dynamics) caused by the effect of the continued increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel burning and land use as well as by global warming from a new rheological (stress–strain) perspective. That is, we perceive the emission of anthropogenic CO2 into the atmosphere as a stressor and survey the condition of Earth in stress–strain units (stress in units of Pa, strain in units of 1) – allowing access to and insight into previously unknown characteristics reflecting Earth's rheological status. We use the idea of a Maxwell body consisting of elastic and damping (viscous) elements to reflect the overall behavior of the atmosphere–land and ocean system in response to the continued increase in CO2 emissions between 1850 and 2015. Thus, from the standpoint of a global observer, we see that the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is increasing (rather quickly). Concomitantly, the atmosphere is warming and expanding, while some of the carbon is being locked away (rather slowly) in land and oceans, likewise under the influence of global warming. It is not known how reversible and how out of sync the latter process (uptake of carbon by sinks) is in relation to the former (expansion of the atmosphere). All we know is that the slower process remembers the influence of the faster one, which runs ahead. Important questions arise as to whether this global-scale memory – Earth's memory – can be identified and quantified, how it behaves dynamically, and, last but not least, how it interlinks with persistence by which we understand Earth's path dependency. We go beyond textbook knowledge by introducing three parameters that characterize the system: delay time, memory, and persistence. The three parameters depend, ceteris paribus, solely on the system's characteristic viscoelastic behavior and allow deeper and novel insights into that system. The parameters come with their own limits which govern the behavior of the atmosphere–land and ocean carbon system, independently from any external target values (such as temperature targets justified by means of global change research). We find that since 1850, the atmosphere–land and ocean system has been trapped progressively in terms of persistence (i.e., it will become progressively more difficult to relax the system), while its ability to build up memory has been reduced. The ability of a system to build up memory effectively can be understood as its ability to respond still within its natural regime or, if the build-up of memory is limited, as a measure for system failures globally in the future. Approximately 60 % of Earth's memory had already been exploited by humankind prior to 1959. Based on these stress–strain insights we expect that the atmosphere–land and ocean carbon system will be forced outside its natural regime well before 2050 if the current trend in emissions is not reversed immediately and sustainably.