bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A more grounded view of ‘farmer entrepreneurship’: how Zimbabwean smallholder farmers fundamentally differ in their entrepreneurial behaviours
Authors: Manyise Timothy , Dentoni Domenico , Trienekens Jacques
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the entrepreneurial behaviours exhibited by commercial smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe, focusing on their socio-economic characteristics, and considers their implication for outcomes of livelihood resilience in a resource-constrained and turbulent rural context.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used survey data collected from 430 smallholder farmers in Masvingo province, Zimbabwe. Using a two-step cluster analysis, the study constructed a typology of farmers based on their entrepreneurial behaviour and socio-economic characteristics.

Findings

The results revealed that commercial smallholder farmers are heterogeneous in terms of their entrepreneurial behaviours. Four clusters were identified: non-entrepreneurial, goal-driven, means-driven and ambidextrous. Beyond their entrepreneurial behaviours, these clusters significantly differ in the socio-economic characterises (gender, age, education levels, farm size, proximity to the market and social connection) and farm performance (seasonal sales per hectare and farm income per hectare).

Research limitations/implications

The typology framework relating farmers’ entrepreneurial behaviours to their socio-economic characteristics and business performance is important to tailor and therefore improve the effectiveness of farmer entrepreneurship programmes and policies. In particular, tailoring farmer entrepreneurship education is crucial to distribute land, finance and market resources in purposive ways to promote a combination of smallholder farmers’ effectual and causal behaviours at an early stage of their farm ventures.

Originality/value

Researchers still know little about which farmers’ behaviours are entrepreneurial and how these behaviours manifest in action during their commercial farm activities. This research leverages effectuation and causation theory to unveil previously overlooked distinctions on farmers’ entrepreneurial behaviours, thereby enhancing a more grounded understanding of farmer entrepreneurship in a resource-constrained context.
Human resource management, absorptive capacity and reverse knowledge transfer
Authors: Barba-Aragón María Isabel , Sanz-Valle Raquel , Sanchez-Vidal María Eugenia
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The objective of this study is to analyze the process of reverse knowledge transfer (RKT) occurring in multinational companies (MNCs), examining whether headquarters' absorptive capacity and the human resource management (HRM) practices developed by the parent unit influence success.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected through a questionnaire completed by the human resource manager of multinational company (MNC) headquarters. The analysis has been carried out on a sample of 115 Spanish MNCs by using structural equation models (SEM).

Findings

The results indicate that a parent firm's absorptive capacity positively influences RKT and that, in turn, this absorptive capacity is greater if headquarters implement certain practices of employee staffing, training, participation and performance appraisal.

Originality/value

This study extends existing research on RKT by examining the absorptive capacity of headquarters. Its main contribution is to provide evidence that MNCs can improve their RKT through HRM practices developed by the parent unit. This is original because most studies on RKT focus on HRM practices used by subsidiaries.
Illuminating the path: a methodological exploration of grounded theory in doctoral theses
Authors: Guerrero Puerta Laura , Lorente García Rocío
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This article explores challenges faced by doctoral candidates using grounded theory (GT) in their theses, focusing on coding, theory development and time constraints. It also examines the impact of doctoral committees on GT dissertations, addressing epistemological clashes and the desire for familiarity over novelty.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from a multilevel autoethnography and related literature, this study offers pragmatic solutions and strategies for a seamless research journey.

Findings

Coding, theory development and time constraints pose universal challenges, requiring mentorship for effective navigation. Addressing committee dynamics is crucial for developing novel theoretical frameworks.

Originality/value

The article empowers researchers to overcome GT challenges, delving into various positions within the GT paradigm, fostering transparency and facilitating original contributions to their fields.
Circular economy in action: the application of products with recycled content in construction projects – a multiple case study approach
Authors: Shooshtarian Salman , Maqsood Tayyab , Wong Peter S.P. , Caldera Savindi , Ryley Tim , Zaman Atiq , Cáceres Ruiz Ana María
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The utilisation of products with recycled content (PwRC) in construction projects has been identified as a targeted way to achieve sustainable management of construction and demolition waste resources. However, sustainable applications of these resources are subject to a wide array of factors that demand a thorough investigation. This study, therefore, explores the motivations, barriers and strategies for optimal PwRC uptake using a multiple-case study approach.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted an interpretive multiple-case study approach. The case studies were selected from recently completed construction projects including two infrastructure projects, one commercial project and one residential project. A series of semi-structured interviews were carried out to collect the data. For each case study, four participants were interviewed; these participants represented design, client, supply and building teams.

Findings

The study revealed the main barriers, motivations and opportunities for adoption of PwRC resources in four construction projects. These factors are believed to influence the utilisation of PwRC to varying extents and/or in diverse ways. The findings also suggest that there is a significant opportunity for stakeholders to adopt more sustainable waste management practices, and the use of institutional drivers can help achieve this goal.

Research limitations/implications

The primary research contribution of the study lies in proposing three key research directions: investigating regulatory constraints impacting the use of PwRC, addressing supply chain challenges and enhancing quality assurance.

Originality/value

The research has a practical contribution to the industry through a suite of actionable strategies to increase the uptake of PwRC. The strategies are mostly focussed on stakeholders' education, the regulation that supports PwRC and project management planning. The two major motivations – referring to two of the three pillars of sustainability (economy and environment) – provide a basis for organisational changes to ensure achieving sustainability in construction activities.
Routing TQM through HR strategies to achieve organizational effectiveness: the mediating role of HR outcomes in India
Authors: Nayak Surekha , Ganesh Anjali , Bhat Shreeranga , Kumar Roopesh
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The present research focuses on improving the awareness related to soft total quality management (TQM) practices by looking from the viewpoint of strategic human resources (HR). In addition, it is intended to reflect on the resulting soft TQM-HR outcomes and determine the mediating effect between soft TQM-HR strategies and organizational effectiveness (OE).

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory research methodology with an online survey technique was adopted for the study. Three hundred and three managerial-level personnel from nine large Indian manufacturing organizations participated in the research. A theoretical model is projected and verified using correlation and mediation analysis.

Findings

The results show that commitment, reduced turnover intentions and satisfaction levels of employees mediate the relationship between resources, development and retention strategies and OE. However, the retention strategy has the strongest association with the OE of the three strategies. Also, of the three HR outcomes, satisfaction was strongly associated with OE. The analysis proved that the proposed model is an acceptable fit.

Practical implications

Implementing HR-related TQM strategies will likely impact OE since it elicits positive HR outcomes such as commitment, reduced turnover intention and satisfaction. Recognizing human resources as a unique strategic asset will help HR managers devise adequate resourcing, development and retention strategies instrumental in executing TQM.

Originality/value

The present micro study is unique in scrutinizing the influence of soft TQM-HR practices on organizational effectiveness by analysing the mediating effects of commitment, reduced turnover intention and satisfaction in Indian large-scale manufacturing organizations. The study is unique since no literature deciphers the linkages between HR strategies and organizational effectiveness in the Indian manufacturing sector.
COVID-19's impact on lean programs and implementation in energy-based utilities
Authors: Jensen Paula H. , Cross Jennifer , Polanco-Lahoz Diego A.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Lean is a continuous improvement methodology that has succeeded in eliminating waste in a variety of industries. Yet, there is a need for more research on Lean implementation in several under-studied contexts, including crisis situations such as those created by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This research investigates how Lean programs were impacted by COVID-19, while previous research has primarily explored how Lean was used to solve problems created by the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method research approach was used to analyze employee feedback on how COVID-19 impacted the Lean programs using data from various levels of four energy-based utilities in the United States. First, an online questionnaire collected qualitative and quantitative data from a broad sample of participants. Then, a follow-up semi-structured interview allowed the elaboration of perceptions related to the research question using a smaller sample of participants.

Findings

Out of the 194 responses from the four companies, only 41% of the respondents at least somewhat agreed that COVID-19 impacted the Lean program at their company; of the remaining 59%, 35% indicated they were neutral, while 24% disagreed. The themes from the qualitative portion indicated that, while employees believed their companies had successfully found a new way to do Lean within the constraints of not always being in person, the collaboration and engagement were more challenging to sustain, and COVID-19 also otherwise made it more difficult to implement Lean. Meanwhile, some believed there was no impact on the Lean program.

Originality/value

The COVID-19 and Lean peer-reviewed literature published from 2020 to September 2023 focused primarily on using Lean to address problems created by the COVID-19 pandemic vs studying the pandemic's impact on Lean programs. This research partially fills this literature gap in understanding the impact COVID-19 had on Lean initiatives.
Outcomes of dual‐chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator for left bundle branch area pacing: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Nadeem Saffa , Raza Hafiz Ahmed , Hashmi Abdul Wasey , Talat Fawad , Kumar Deepak , Zaidi Syed Muhammad Jawad , Mehmoodi Amin , Malik Jahanzeb
Published: November 2023

Objective

This systematic review of literature aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dual‐chamber ICDs for LBBAP in patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB).

Methods

Digital databases were searched systematically to identify studies reporting the left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement in patients with LBBB. Detailed study and patient‐level baseline characteristics including the type of study, sample size, follow‐up, number of cases, age, gender, and baseline characteristics were abstracted.

Results

In a total of three studies, 34 patients were included in this review. There was a significant improvement reported in QRS duration in all studies. The mean QRS duration at baseline was 170 ± 17.4 ms, whereas the follow‐up QRS duration at follow‐up was 121 ± 17.3 ms. Two studies reported a significant improvement of 50% in LVEF from baseline. No lead‐related complications or arrhythmic events were recorded in any study. The findings of the systematic review suggest that dual‐chamber ICD for LBBAP is a promising intervention for patients with heart conditions.

Conclusion

The procedure offers significant improvements in QRS duration and LVEF, and there were no lead‐related complications or arrhythmic events recorded in any of the studies.
Involvement of DKK1 secreted from adipose‐derived stem cells in alopecia areata
Authors: Choi Nahyun , Hwang Juyeong , Kim Doo Yeong , Kim Jino , Song Seung Yong , Sung Jong‐Hyuk
Published: November 2023

Adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) have shown efficacy in promoting hair growth, while DKK1 inhibits the WNT pathway, which is associated with hair loss. Our study focused on investigating the expression of DKK1 in alopecia areata (AA), a condition characterised by significant increases in the DKK1 levels in human and mouse ASCs. Treatment of interferon‐γ increased the expression of DKK1 via STAT3 phosphorylation in ASCs. Treatment with recombinant DKK1 resulted in a decrease of cell growth in outer root sheath cells, whereas the use of a DKK1 neutralising antibody promoted hair growth. These results indicate that ASCs secrete DKK1, playing a crucial role in the progression and development of AA. Consequently, we generated DKK1 knockout (KO) ASCs using the Crispr/Cas9 system and evaluated their hair growth‐promoting effects in an AA model. The DKK1 KO in ASCs led to enhanced cell motility and reduced cellular senescence by activating the WNT signalling pathway, while it reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines by inactivating the NF‐kB pathway. As expected, the intravenous injection of DKK1‐KO‐ASCs in AA mice, and the treatment with a conditioned medium derived from DKK1‐KO‐ASCs in hair organ culture proved to be more effective compared with the use of naïve ASCs and their conditioned medium. Overall, these findings suggest that DKK1 represents a novel therapeutic target for treating AA, and cell therapy using DKK1‐KO‐ASCs demonstrates greater efficiency.
Integrated single‐cell transcriptomics reveals the hypoxia‐induced inflammation‐cancer transformation in NASH‐derived hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liang Yuan , Zhang Rui , Biswas Siddhartha , Bu Qingfa , Xu Zibo , Qiao Lei , Zhou Yan , Tang Jiaqi , Zhou Jinren , Zhou Haoming , Lu Ling
Published: November 2023

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the primary risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), owing to improved vaccination rates of Hepatitis B and the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome related to obesity. Although the importance of innate and adaptive immune cells has been emphasized, the malignant transformation of hepatocytes and their intricate cellular network with the immune system remain unclear. The study incorporated four single‐cell transcriptomic datasets of liver tissues covering healthy and NAFLD‐related disease status. To identify the subsets and functions of hepatocytes and macrophages, we employed differential composition analysis, functional enrichment analysis, pseudotime analysis, and scenic analysis. Furthermore, an experimental mouse model for the transformation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis into hepatocellular carcinoma was established for validation purposes. We defined CYP7A1+ hepatocytes enriched in precancerous lesions as ‘Transitional Cells’ in the progression from NAFLD to HCC. CYP7A1+ hepatocytes upregulated genes associated with stress response, inflammation and cancer‐associated pathways and downregulated the normal hepatocyte signature. We observed that hypoxia activation accompanied the entire process of inflammation‐cancer transformation. Hepatocyte‐derived HIF1A was gradually activated during the progression of NAFLD disease to adapt to the hypoxic microenvironment and hepatocytes under hypoxic environment led to changes in the metabolism, proliferation and angiogenesis, promoting the occurrence of tumours. Meanwhile, hypoxia induced the polarization of RACK1+ macrophages that enriched in the liver tissues of NASH towards immunosuppressed TREM2+ macrophages. Moreover, immunosuppressive TREM2+ macrophages were recruited by tumour cells through the CCL15‐CCR1 axis to enhance immunosuppressive microenvironment and promote NAFLD‐related HCC progression. The study provides a deep understanding of the development mechanism of NAFLD‐related HCC and offers theoretical support and experimental basis for biological targets, drug research, and clinical application.
Ethical challenges of conducting and reviewing human genomics research in Malaysia: An exploratory study
Authors: Zee Teong Win , Abdul Aziz Mohammad Firdaus Bin , Wei Phan Chia
Published: November 2023

Even though there is a significant amount of scholarly work examining the ethical issues surrounding human genomics research, little is known about its footing in Malaysia. This study aims to explore the experience of local researchers and research ethics committee (REC) members in developing it in Malaysia. In‐depth interviews were conducted from April to May 2021, and the data were thematically analysed. In advancing this technology, both genomics researchers and REC members have concerns over how this research is being developed in the country especially the absence of a clear ethical and regulatory framework at the national level as a guidance. However, this study argues that it is not a salient issue as there are international guidelines in existence and both researchers and RECs will benefit from a training on the guidelines to ensure genomics research can be developed in an ethical manner.
Effects of marine climate variability on the relative abundance of Lutjanus purpureus (POEY, 1866) on the Amazon Continental Shelf
Authors: Trindade Diego Gomes , de Almeida de Gouveia Nelson , da Mescouto Niedja Luana da Costa , de Sousa Moura Hanna Tereza Garcia , da Silva Ualerson Iran Peixoto , Bentes Bianca
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of climate and marine variability on the catches of Lutjanus purpureus in three sectors of the Amazon Continental Shelf. Remote sensing data were compared with landings (CPUE) between 1997 and 2007 and analyzed for partial influence obtained through the Generalized Additive Model. Additionally, significant variables were analyzed through Wavelet Cross‐Spectrum, and periods of high correlation between variables in space and time were identified. The results indicated a high coherence between catch per unit effort (CPUE) and environmental variables on an interannual scale, suggesting that Red Snapper fishing is mainly influenced by the seasonal effects of oceanographic variables. These results suggest that fluctuations in Red Snapper catches between 1997 and 2007 may be the result of natural processes that occur in the Amazon Continental Shelf every year in synergy with environmental variables, which are also indirectly affected by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) pattern.
Cognitive status and low sun exposure as frailty major risk factor among older people in a rural area of East Java, Indonesia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Soenarti Sri , Mahendra Aditya Indra , Rudijanto Achmad , Soeharto Setyawati , Ratnawati Retty , Maryunani  , Marintan Silmy
Published: November 2023

Aim

To reveal the prevalence of frailty and factors that strongly affected the frailty condition among older adults in East Java, Indonesia.

Method

We conducted a cross‐sectional study carried out among 400 older adults aged ≥60 years without any acute illness. Data were collected from rural area in two locations in Malang and Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia, in 2019–2020. For data collection, we used the sociodemographic profile assessment, Fried frailty phenotype, Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini Mental State assessment, sun exposure, handgrip strength, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, walk score, and body mass index. We used logistic regression statistics for data analysis.

Results

The result showed that 2.5% were robust, 83% were prefrail, and 14.5% were frail. A higher proportion of subjects were aged 60–74 years (83.3%), women (70.3%), with lower educational status (84.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that the intrinsic factors low cognitive status (odds ratio [OR], 3.052 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.691–5.508]) and older age (OR, 3.073 [95% CI, 1.637–5.767]) were associated with frailty among the older adults in a rural area. Depression was also associated with frailty (OR, 2.458 [95% CI, 0.465–12.985]). From extrinsic factors, we also found that low sun exposure (OR, 2.931 [95% CI, 1.650–5.204]) and unemployment (OR, 1.997 [95% CI, 1.112–3.588]) were associated with frailty.

Conclusion

For the Indonesian elderly in this study, low cognitive status, older age, depression, low sun exposure, and unemployment were associated with frailty. Understanding the modifiable risk factors of frailty can provide a valuable reference for future prevention and intervention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 170–175.
Past, Present, and Future Anatomy of an Oil Brine Plume Remediation near Poplar, Montana: A Case Study
Authors: Davis Andy , Kamark Ben , Sims Nathan , Roth Martin , Mocko John
Published: November 2023

The Biere #1‐22 oil production well near Poplar, Montana leaked brine and light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) to the shallow alluvial aquifer for several years before final closure in 2002. Since 2008, 2.5 billion L of brine have been removed (~90% of the original Cl mass). However, Cl will not reach the original background levels due to the reservoir of solutes entrained in the Bearpaw bedrock remnant from the lateral dense aqueous phase liquid flow across the alluvial/bedrock interface. After removal of ~100,000 L of product since 2006, residual LNAPL is now confined to 2.2 ha (5.5 acres) a decrease from the original 2.7 ha (6.6 acres) areal extent by 17%. The initial ~7.5 m thick product in 2002 is stable at a maximum of ~1 m. However, LNAPL has infiltrated into fine‐grained clay/silt units forming a smear zone in lenses 10 to 20 m bgs. Ongoing remediation has successfully mitigated benzene groundwater impacts over the last 14 years, with the benzene plume area having decreased by >99% (at the 5 μg/L) level from the maximum ~140 ha in 2002. This appears to be the first study evaluating the challenges to remediate a mixed LNAPL/dissolved organic/inorganic plume. Based on the mass removal to date, the asymptotic trends in solute concentrations, unpotable background groundwater quality, absence of a source/receptor pathway, lack of beneficial groundwater use, duration of mitigation with no obvious future accrual in benefit and the availability of institutional controls, it seems that the remedial strategies employed since 2006 have met their cost/benefit goals.
Influence of rare‐earth elements on the ionic conductivity of LATP electrolyte and its application in assembled cells
Authors: Lu Xiaojuan , Li Ziqian , Liu Songtao , Huang Ke , Hai Jiankang
Published: November 2023

Rare earth elements (Pr, Eu, Lu) with larger ionic radius and lower electronegativity were used to dope NASICON type solid electrolyte Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) by solid state method. The effects of the types and the doping amounts of rare earth elements on the properties of LATP were investigated systematically. A test cell of Li4Ti5O12//Lu‐LATP//LiCoO2 was assembled and the cycling performance was evaluated. The failure mechanism of the test cell was analyzed. The relative density, cell volumes, and the total ionic conductivity of LATP were increased upon doping of rare‐earth elements. The grain sizes and the electronic conductivity were decreased. Among the three rare earth elements studied, Lu doped LATP achieved the highest total ionic conductivity of 3.6 × 104 S/cm, with the lowest activation energy of 0.23 ev, and the electronic conductivity was one order of magnitude lower than that of un‐doped LATP. The enhancement of the total conductivity was ascribed to the synergized effect of the increase of the relative density, the enlargement of the cell volumes and the broadening of Li+ migration window owing to the larger ionic radius and the lower electronegativity of the rare earth elements. Based on the relaxation time distribution spectra, the failure mechanism of the assembled cell was attributed to the degradation of the electrolytes and the irreversible decomposition of electrodes.
(Not So) Happy Cows: An Autonomy‐Based Argument for Regulating Animal Industry Misleading Commercial Speech
Authors: Marciel Rubén , Magaña Pablo
Published: November 2023

‘Happy cow messages’ are instances of commercial speech by the animal industry which, by action or by omission, mislead consumers about the harmful effects that the industry has for non‐human animals, the environment, or human health. Despite their ubiquity, happy cow messages have received little philosophical scrutiny. This article aims to call attention to this form of speech, and to make the case for its restriction. To do so we first conceptualize happy cow messages. Second, we argue that they encroach upon individual autonomy in two particularly objectionable ways: by impairing our ability to behave according to our moral convictions, and by thwarting our capacity to identify and reason about our moral duties. This, we hold, grounds a pro tanto case for stricter and more comprehensive regulation of commercial speech by the animal industry. Third, and against the objection that restricting happy cow messages would violate freedom of speech, we contend that none of the most influential arguments for free speech grants them protection. Indeed, we suggest, those rationales seem to call for their restriction. Fourth, and finally, we review some possible ways to defuse the misleading potential of happy cow messages through commercial speech regulations.
The joint effects of litigation risk and regulation on non‐GAAP reporting
Authors: Cazier Richard A. , Christensen Theodore E. , Merkley Kenneth J. , Treu John S.
Published: November 2023

We examine the joint effects of litigation risk and regulation in shaping firms’ financial reporting decisions. Specifically, we investigate how these disciplining mechanisms influence firms’ disclosure of non‐GAAP earnings metrics, which have been at the forefront of the SEC's regulatory concerns in recent years. We employ a plausibly exogenous shock to litigation risk based on a US circuit court ruling to explore how litigation risk influences firms’ non‐GAAP earnings disclosures. We find a robust negative relation between litigation risk and both the likelihood and aggressiveness of non‐GAAP reporting. However, we find a significant attenuation in the sensitivity of non‐GAAP disclosure to litigation risk after the implementation of Regulation G (Reg G), despite evidence that aggressive non‐GAAP reporting persists in the post‐Reg G environment. Additional analyses indicate that this attenuation is actually the net result of two unique effects. First, we find that Reg G created a de facto “safe harbor” for non‐GAAP reporting among firms in circuits with higher litigation risk and a “curtailment effect” among firms in the circuit with the lowest litigation risk. Overall, Reg G led to a convergence in non‐GAAP reporting practices irrespective of firms’ circuit‐specific litigation risk. We posit that this net attenuation of litigation risk's influence on non‐GAAP reporting is likely an unintended consequence of Reg G.
Differential patterns in runs of homozygosity in two mice lines under divergent selection for environmental variability for birth weight
Authors: Ojeda‐Marín Candela , Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , Formoso‐Rafferty Nora , Goyache Félix , Cervantes Isabel
Published: November 2023

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are defined as long continuous homozygous stretches in the genome which are assumed to originate from a common ancestor. It has been demonstrated that divergent selection for variability in mice is possible and that low variability in birth weight is associated with robustness. To analyse ROH patterns and ROH‐based genomic inbreeding, two mouse lines that were divergently selected for birth weight variability for 26 generations were used, with: 752 individuals for the high variability line (H‐Line), 766 individuals for the low variability line (L‐Line) and 74 individuals as a reference population. Individuals were genotyped using the high density Affymetrix Mouse Diversity Genotyping Array. ROH were identified using both the sliding windows (SW) and the consecutive runs (CR) methods. Inbreeding coefficients were calculated based on pedigree (FPED) information, on ROH identified using the SW method (FROHSW) and on ROH identified using the CR method (FROHCR). Differences in genomic inbreeding were not consistent across generations and these parameters did not show clear differences between lines. Correlations between FPED and FROH were high, particularly for FROHSW. Moreover, correlations between FROHSW and FPED were even higher when ROH were identified with no restrictions in the number of heterozygotes per ROH. The comparison of FROH estimates between either of the selected lines were based on significant differences at the chromosome level, mainly in chromosomes 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 15 and 19. ROH‐based inbreeding estimates that were computed using longer homozygous segments had a higher relationship with FPED. Differences in robustness between lines were not attributable to a higher homozygosis in the L‐Line, but maybe to the different distribution of ROH at the chromosome level between lines. The analysis identified a set of genomic regions for future research to establish the genomic basis of robustness.
Bilectal Exposure Modulates Neural Signatures to Conflicting Grammatical Properties: Norway as a Natural Laboratory
Authors: Kubota Maki , Alonso Jorge González , Anderssen Merete , Jensen Isabel Nadine , Luque Alicia , Soares Sergio Miguel Pereira , Prystauka Yanina , Vangsnes Øystein A. , Sandstedt Jade Jørgen , Rothman Jason
Published: November 2023

The current study investigated gender (control) and number (target) agreement processing in Northern and non‐Northern Norwegians living in Northern Norway. Participants varied in exposure to Northern Norwegian (NN) dialect(s), where number marking differs from most other Norwegian dialects. In a comprehension task involving reading NN dialect writing, P600 effects for number agreement were significantly affected by NN exposure. The more exposure the NN nonnatives had, the larger the P600 was, driven by the presence of number agreement (ungrammatical in NN). In contrast, less exposure correlated to the inverse: P600 driven by the absence of number agreement (ungrammatical in most other dialects). The NN natives showed P600 driven by the presence of number agreement regardless of exposure. These findings suggests that bilectalism entails the representation of distinct mental grammars for each dialect. However, like all instances of bilingualism, bilectalism exists on a continuum whereby linguistic processing is modulated by linguistic experience.
Acceptability of a balanced energy protein (BEP) supplement for pregnant women in Bangladesh
Authors: Zavala Eleonor , Rahman Atiya , Kalbarczyk Anna , de Boer Mary , Khaled Nazrana , Chakraborty Barnali , Rahman Hafizur , Ali Hasmot , Haque Rezwanul , Ayesha Kaniz , Siddiqua Towfida J. , Afsana Kaosar , Christian Parul , Thorne‐Lyman Andrew L.
Published: November 2023

Balanced energy protein (BEP) supplementation in pregnancy is recommended in the context of undernutrition for the reduction of small‐for‐gestational age neonates and stillbirths. To inform an effectiveness trial, we evaluated the acceptability of a packaged, ready‐to‐eat fortified BEP product among women of reproductive age and their health care providers (HCPs) in rural Bangladesh and explored the feasibility of adhering to daily supplementation. We implemented a formative study using focus groups discussions with women (n = 29) and HCPs (n = 17) to introduce the product and investigate components of acceptability. A “trials of improved practice” activity was conducted in subset of women (n = 16) to evaluate adherence to BEP over a 2‐week period, followed by focus group discussions to identify challenges with adherence and strategies employed. Contributors to BEP acceptability included the product's sensory attributes, such as taste, smell and texture; the attractive packaging and informative labelling; and the perceived benefits of use. Participants also identified household and community level factors influencing the adoption of BEP, such as trust in the provider, cultural beliefs on supplement use in pregnancy, and family member tasting and approval. Over the 2‐week period, women consumed over 80% of the supplements provided to them and identified strategies for adherence, including visual aids and reminders from family members or providers. HCPs recommended targeted communication messages for mothers‐in‐law to foster a supportive home environment. Findings informed changes to the BEP product to improve acceptability and shaped the content of communication messages to optimise adherence in a forthcoming effectiveness trial.
The Green Solow model and the threshold effect of human capital on CO2 emissions
Authors: Bassetti Thomas , Pavesi Filippo , Scotti Massimo
Published: November 2023

By promoting economic growth, human capital may contribute to the rise in CO2 emissions, but it may also stimulate emission‐reducing technologies. Starting from a Green Solow model augmented with human capital, we show that the former effect dominates the latter when human capital is below a critical value, while the opposite is true when human capital becomes sufficiently high. We also find that this result may delay the observability of an EKC and that human capital is more important than savings and depreciation rates in predicting CO2 growth. This evidence has relevant policy implications regarding which factors should be considered to mitigate carbon emissions.
The scaling of elemental stoichiometry and growth rate over the course of bamboo ontogeny
Authors: Ouyang Ming , Tian Di , Niklas Karl J. , Yan Zhengbing , Han Wenxuan , Yu Qingshui , Chen Guoping , Ji Chengjun , Tang Zhiyao , Fang Jingyun
Published: November 2023

Stoichiometric rules may explain the allometric scaling among biological traits and body size, a fundamental law of nature. However, testing the scaling of elemental stoichiometry and growth to size over the course of plant ontogeny is challenging.

Here, we used a fast‐growing bamboo species to examine how the concentrations and contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), relative growth rate (G), and nutrient productivity scale with whole‐plant mass (M) at the culm elongation and maturation stages.

The whole‐plant C content vs M and N content vs P content scaled isometrically, and the N or P content vs M scaled as a general 3/4 power function across both growth stages. The scaling exponents of G vs M and N (and P) productivity in newly grown mass vs M relationships across the whole growth stages decreased as a −1 power function.

These findings reveal the previously undocumented generality of stoichiometric allometries over the course of plant ontogeny and provide new insights for understanding the origin of ubiquitous quarter‐power scaling laws in the biosphere.
A multi‐center cross‐sectional study of 1495 Chinese oral lichen planus patients
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Xu Hao , Tang Guoyao , Liu Hongwei , Sun Zheng , Zhou Gang , Cheng Bin , Wang Wenmei , He Hong , Guo Bin , Meng Wenxia , Liu Qing , Wang Jiongke , Luo Xiaobo , Zhou Yu , Jiang Lu , Zeng Xin , Dan Hongxia , Chen Qianming
Published: November 2023

Objective

To explore the clinical epidemiological characteristics of oral lichen planus (OLP) and risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP.

Materials and Methods

Patients diagnosed with OLP from 11 different hospitals were included in the study. Descriptive statistical methods were used to explore the clinical epidemiological characteristics and logistic regression, sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis were utilized to explore the risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP.

Results

The average age of patients was 49.2 ± 13.3 years, and 61.4% of the patients were women. The ratios of patients with reticular, hyperemic/erythematous, and erosive/ulcerative lesions were 47.9%, 27.8%, and 24.2%, respectively. Analysis of risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP identified the following variables: age, course of disease of 12 months or more, II°–III° dental calculus, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease, as well as regions of habitation. Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in risk factors for erosive/ulcerative OLP in patients with and without risk behaviors.

Conclusion

The clinical epidemiological characteristics of patients with OLP in the Chinese population in this study are basically consistent with existing reports in developed countries. And we identified clinical characteristics associated with erosive/ulcerative OLP through clinical epidemiological analysis.
Two‐dimensional Riemann problem of the Euler equations to the Van der Waals gas around a sharp corner
Authors: Li Shuangrong , Sheng Wancheng
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we study the Riemann problem of the two‐dimensional (2D) pseudo‐steady supersonic flow with Van der Waals gas around a sharp corner expanding into vacuum. The essence of this problem is the interaction of the centered simple wave with the planar rarefaction wave, which can be solved by a Goursat problem or a mixed characteristic boundary value and slip boundary value problem for the 2D self‐similar Euler equations. We establish the hyperbolicity and a priori C1 estimates of the solution through the methods of characteristic decompositions and invariant regions. Moreover, we construct the pentagon invariant region in order to obtain the global solution. In addition, based on the generality of the Van der Waals gas, we construct the subinvariant regions and get the hyperbolicity of the solution according to the continuity of the subinvariant region. At last, the global existence of solution to the gas expansion problem is obtained constructively.
Minimally invasive ultrasound‐assisted cutting thread tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon in horses: An ex vivo study
Authors: Lalanne Camille , Bonilla Alvaro G.
Published: November 2023

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility and limitations associated with a minimally invasive ultrasound‐assisted cutting thread technique for tenotomy of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in horses.

Study design

Ex vivo study.

Sample population

Twenty cadaveric forelimbs.

Methods

Forelimbs were placed on a jig to mimic a standing semiflexed position and the midmetacarpal region was prepared to perform tenotomy of the DDFT using a percutaneous technique with a cutting thread. For that purpose, the thread was placed percutaneously around the DDFT (first dorsally and then palmarly) with the aid of a curved 20 gauge spinal needle. Tendon palpation/manipulation and ultrasonographic assessment assisted thread placement. Procedure time and skin puncture size were recorded. Limbs were then dissected to evaluate the degree of DDFT transection and the presence of any iatrogenic lesions.

Results

The DDFT was completely transected in all cases. Minor lesions of the superficial digital flexor tendon were found in 11/20 limbs and considered clinically irrelevant. However, the neurovascular bundle was damaged in 6/20 limbs (four limbs had nerve damage and two limbs had a nerve and either a palmar artery or vein damaged). The skin puncture hole sizes ranged from undetectable to 5 mm long. The average duration of the procedure was 7 min and 38 s (range: 4 min 56 s to 10 min 19 s).

Conclusion

A DDFT tenotomy can be performed reliably with a percutaneous cutting thread technique. However, refinement of the technique is required to minimize iatrogenic damage.

Clinical significance

The reported technique allows a DDFT tenotomy to be performed in a minimally invasive manner and has the potential to be clinically applicable.
Acceptance Factors Towards Mobile Technologies in Learning English among Rural Students
Authors: Mohd Shahrol Siti Julia , Sulaiman Shahida , Mohamed Hasnah
Published: November 2023

The rapid development in telecommunication leads to technology integration in many sectors, including education. The use of mobile technologies for mobile learning has been prevalent. Smartphones, laptops, and tablets are examples of mobile technologies that offer an extensive range of activities that can support teaching and learning English and reduce the need of users to remain close to wired communication technology. However, there is a need to study students’ acceptance level towards such technologies in learning English mainly in rural areas. This study investigates acceptance factors that influence the integration of mobile technology in learning English for lower secondary students from a rural region in Malaysia. The survey aimed to gain students’ perspectives towards the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) constructs that are perceived usefulness, behaviour intention, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment and mobile technology usability. The participants of the study consisted of 61 lower secondary students in one of the rural schools in Johor, Malaysia. The findings show that students are aware of the use and benefits of mobile technologies for enhancing their learning experience and their confidence level. The integration of mobile technologies could serve as an essential pedagogical tool to implement mobile learning for the secondary students that will promote student-centred learning and instil 21st century skills that are communication, collaboration, creative thinking, and creativity known as 4Cs. Thus, teachers can develop and plan appropriate strategies to support the outstanding adoption of mobile technologies in an educational setting.
Automatic Control and Monitoring Air Conditioner Temperature (Using Arduino)
Authors: Kutty Mammi Hazinah , Mohamed Rashid Idzni
Published: November 2023

Servers are essential in this current digital world as the mainstay communication between human and the desired services and information. Its existence and usage of course highlight the requirement to secure it both physically and also through the digital space. This is of course a well known and accepted. Another essential needed in ensuring that services are not interrupted is through the well-being of the servers themselves. Due to the amount of processing a server does, it tends produce heat, which have to be managed to prevent overheating, and thus ensuring that it can continue to its job. The server room also needs full maintenance supervision, as every component and tool supplied must be in good condition. The temperature and humidity of the server room must be in a stable state to prevent electronic components from getting wet and causing rust. Therefore, this project will discuss and develop a device that can prevent such issues. The developed device can read the room temperature and humidity accurately and control the air conditioner's temperature for temperature stability to be in the proper condition. This device is also capable of sending and reading data to a database. As a result, users can monitor the server room temperature from different places. This project can help reduce the workload of employees without any time wasted continuously and manually checking the conditions.
Learning Syllables in Malay Language through Augmented Reality Content for Preschool Children
Authors: Abdul Halim Nursyafiqah , Eg Su Goh
Published: November 2023

The rapid growth and widespread adoption of augmented reality (AR) opened new possibilities for seamless integration into various aspects of human life. In this context, educators increasingly explored the potential of AR to enhance learning experiences. This research focused on leveraging AR technology to address a specific problem encountered by preschoolers in their language learning journey. The problem at hand was that preschoolers often encountered difficulties in blending consonant-vowel and consonant-vowel (CV+CV) sounds to form words in the Malay language. While they could easily sound out individual consonants and vowels, they struggled with combining these sounds to create new words, hindering their reading and language development. To tackle this challenge, the proposed solution involved the development of an AR prototype aimed at making learning Malay language syllables engaging and enjoyable for preschoolers. The research’s output allowed children to practice forming syllables and improved their pronunciation through interactive AR experiences. Moreover, it offered quizzes to test their knowledge of Malay language syllables, providing instant feedback for a positive and effective learning experience. The survey presented the results of system testing, which revealed that a significant number of respondents had prior exposure to AR and found the research output's instructions clear and understandable. The integration of AR elements, such as 3D objects and marker detection, received positive feedback from most participants. However, some users expressed a desire for additional training, and there was potential to further enhance the app's level of excitement. In conclusion, this research demonstrated the promising role of AR in addressing preschoolers' challenges with language learning. By leveraging AR technology to create interactive and captivating learning tools, educators could better equip young learners with the necessary language skills, fostering a solid foundation for their reading and communication abilities in the Malay language.
Strain-induced crystallization and phase separation used for fabricating a tough and stiff slide-ring solid polymer electrolyte
Authors: Hashimoto Kei , Shiwaku Toru , Aoki Hiroyuki , Yokoyama Hideaki , Mayumi Koichi , Ito Kohzo
Published: November 2023

The demand for mechanically robust polymer-based electrolytes is increasing for applications to wearable devices. Young’s modulus and breaking energy are essential parameters for describing the mechanical reliability of electrolytes. The former plays a vital role in suppressing the short circuit during charge-discharge, while the latter indicates crack propagation resistance. However, polymer electrolytes with high Young’s moduli are generally brittle. In this study, a tough slide-ring solid polymer electrolyte (SR-SPE) breaking through this trade-off between stiffness and toughness is designed on the basis of strain-induced crystallization (SIC) and phase separation. SIC makes the material highly tough (breaking energy, 80 to 100 megajoules per cubic meter). Phase separation in the polymer enhanced stiffness (Young’s modulus, 10 to 70 megapascals). The combined effect of phase separation and SIC made SR-SPE tough and stiff, while these mechanisms do not impair ionic conductivity. This SIC strategy could be combined with other toughening mechanisms to design tough polymer gel materials.