bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Key Recognition Difficulty in Music Using Statistical Learning Techniques
Authors: Chuan Ching-Hua , Charapko Aleksey
Published: August 2014

In this paper, the authors use statistical models to predict the difficulty of recognizing musical keys from polyphonic audio signals. The key recognition difficulty provides important background information when comparing the performance of audio key finding algorithms that often evaluated using different private data sets. Given an audio recording, represented as extracted acoustic features, the authors applied multiple linear regression and proportional odds model to predict the difficulty level of the recording, annotated by three musicians as an integer on a 5-point Likert scale. The authors evaluated the predictions by using root mean square error, Pearson correlation coefficient, exact accuracy, and adjacent accuracy. The authors also discussed issues such as differences found between the musicians' annotations and the consistency of those annotations. To identify potential causes to the perceived difficulty for the individual musicians, the authors applied decision tree-based filtering with bagging. By using weighted naïve Bayes, the authors examined the effectiveness of each identified feature via a classification task.
Parametric Study and Optimization of Nd: YAG Laser Micro-Turning Process of Different Grade of Alumina Ceramics Based on Taguchi Methodology
Authors: Kibria G. , Doloi B. , Bhattacharyya B.
Published: August 2014

The present paper addresses an investigation on the effect of process parameters during Nd:YAG laser micro-turning operation of different grade of alumina (Al2O3) ceramic materials. Considering different levels of various process parameters i.e. laser beam average power, pulse frequency, workpiece rotational speed and Y feed rate, Taguchi method based experimental design has been used to construct the set of experiments. The same set of experiments has been utilized to machine 10 mm diameter cylindrical workpiece made of different grades of Alumina ceramics i.e. K60 and K80. Surface roughness (Ra) and micro-turning depth deviation were considered as the process characteristics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed for each grade of alumina ceramic to find out the significant process parameters during laser micro-turning process. The optimum process parameters settings for individual responses were obtained by analyzing the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Mathematical models, which correlate the response and process variables, have been developed for all the grades of ceramics. Multi-objective optimization i.e. simultaneous minimization of surface roughness (Ra) and micro-turning depth deviation has been done through combined approach of Taguchi methodology and Grey Relational Analysis.
Evaluation of Operational Characteristics in a Large Thrust Bearing
Authors: Srikanth Duriseti Venkata , Chaturvedi K. K. , Reddy A. Chenna Kesava
Published: August 2014

In this paper the non dimensional load parameter, volumetric flow rate, energy flux, oil film temperature and power loss of a large thrust pad bearing are formulated. The objective of the paper is to determine the novel non dimensional thermal, volumetric and power loss parameters in addition to the known load and energy flux parameters of the bearing. The computation is done by formulating and numerically solving the oil film thickness, two dimensional Reynolds', Vogel-Cameron and energy equations at the different nodes of the pad oil film using a finite difference procedure. The lower the degree of the objective shape polynomial more is the accuracy of the slider bearing shape and pressure distribution. The developed derives the value of ‘a' for which the load is maximum. The variation of the dominant bearing centre of pressure with respect to the corresponding values of ‘a' is studied. From the equation of fluid film temperature the minimum rise in bearing temperature corresponding to the values of ‘a' are determined. The oil film temperature distribution results are found satisfactory in terms of computer time and convergence criteria. The accuracy of the results is thoroughly validated by the variation of the load and thermal contours. This data and analysis serves as an input for rotor dynamic studies and includes the scope to develop safe operation of the bearing at high speeds in vertical hydro-electric rotors.
E-Learning
Authors: de Beer Marie , Mason Roger B.
Published: August 2014

This paper investigates a method for increasing the involvement of marketing fourth year learners in academic research, by encouraging greater participation in, and commitment to, their research project in the Applied Marketing IV subject. It is assumed that greater involvement will result in a greater pass rate. The main reasons for this lack of interest were found to be a sense of incompetence and a lack of resources which were the main objectives of a research project. These objectives were addressed by using learner centered methodologies with the research method Action Research. This research method with the slow resolution of problems was used together with a teaching methodology whose objectives supported the resolution of the learners' inadequacies. Formative assessment was used at the start of the measuring of the learners' progress and was found useful with its quick and positive feedback in supporting the learners' confidence. An eClassroom was structured for the implementation of the Applied Marketing IV course. It was designed in such a way that it facilitated the learners' use of the more commonly used devices such as surfing the web, email and Internet over and above the chosen course material. Although it was not possible to complete the main intervention of the project it was possible to use the participants' experiences in the navigation of the course material in the eClassroom, to further develop future follow-up courses.
Anaesthesia for acute abdomen in developing countries
Authors: Buowari Yvonne O.
Published: August 2014

Acute abdomen is an emergency that requires immediate surgical intervention. In developing and low-income countries, there is limited modern drugs and medical equipment and personnel. General anaesthesia is administered for emergency abdominal surgeries. Ketamine is used in hospitals without trained personnel in the administration of anaesthesia. In other hospitals in developing countries with anaesthetist, ketamine is used for induction of anaesthesia and muscle relaxant administered to facilitate endotracheal intubation and maintain anaesthesia with inhalational agents to avoid awareness under anaesthesia.
Leadership mentoring and succession in the Charismatic churches in Bushbuckridge
Authors: Ngomane Richard M. , Mahlangu Elijah
Published: August 2014

Leadership mentoring and succession programmes are critical in the development and preparation of emerging leaders for leadership transitions. By virtue of their one-founder-leaders whose special leadership talents are usually celebrated by their followers, Charismatic church leaders may fail to identify and develop young emerging leaders who may be equally gifted to prepare them for leadership succession. This quantitative study investigated the state of leadership mentoring and succession programmes in the Charismatic churches in Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga, South Africa (Bushbuckridge is one of five local municipalities in the Ehlazeni District Municipality situated in the north-east of the Mpumalanga province in South Africa. It borders private game ranches and the Kruger National Park). A population of 287 respondents drawn from 48 churches from rural and urban locations was assessed. Many of them (85%) were reported to have leadership mentoring programmes in their congregations and 72% of them reported that they had leadership succession programmes in place. Location was found to have no statistically significant effect on leadership mentoring. Gender and education levels were reported to have a statistically significant effect in describing leadership mentoring. Charismatic groupings in Bushbuckridge believe and take the Bible seriously as authoritative for faith, life and ministry. We therefore think it is appropriate to include in this article a relevant illustrative text – 2 Timothy 2:1–3.
Evaluation of medicinal turpentine used for the prevention of bovine babesiosis in southern KwaZulu-Natal and the eastern Free State
Authors: Biggs Louise J. , Carrington Chris A.P. , Naidoo Vinny
Published: August 2014

Medicinal turpentine has been used extensively in the eastern Free State and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa with reportedly excellent results. It is believed that it is able to prevent and treat babesiosis (redwater) in cattle. Redwater is an often-fatal disease in cattle and results in losses of large numbers every year in South Africa. This study was initiated in an attempt to investigate the validity of the use of the turpentine as a medicinal agent. Using a semi in vitro screening assay, Babesia caballi grown in primary equine erythrocytes was exposed to various concentrations of turpentine in comparison to diminazene and imidocarb. The turpentine had no parasiticidal effect following direct exposure. During the recovery phase, the previously exposed parasites appeared to grow more slowly than the controls. In comparison, diminazene and imidocarb were 100% effective in killing the parasites. In a subsequent tolerance study in adult cattle (n = 6) at 1x (2 mL), 3x and 5x the recommended dose, the product was non-toxic. Irritation was noted at the injection site with the higher dose. The only major finding on clinical pathology was a general increase in globulins, without a concurrent change in native babesia antibody titres. It was concluded that it is unlikely that medicinal turpentine is an effective treatment against babesiosis.
A Fuzzy Multicriteria Approach for IT Governance Evaluation
Authors: Cobo Angel , Vanti Adolfo Alberto , Blanco Rocio Rocha
Published: August 2014

This work seeks to provide a new multi-criteria approach to assess IT Governance (ITG) in the area of Strategic Alignment. The complete methodological development process is described. The evaluation model uses Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and it is targeted to IT processes, more specifically to the COBIT© IT maturity levels, domains and processes, thus providing a differentiated analysis of importance for each item. Its relevance is related to addressing isolated and individual evaluation criteria that are normally practiced in audits of processes. The model allows generating information that extends the guarantees of compliance and corporate governance from different organizations. This research demonstrates that the combined use of multi-criteria decision methodologies and soft computing proves to be particularly suitable for Strategic Alignment such as the focal area of COBIT. The model was applied in a big retail Brazilian company.
Information Technology Governance in Public Organizations: How Perceived Effectiveness Relates to Three Classical Mechanisms
Authors: Heindrickson Gelson , Santos Jr. Carlos Denner
Published: August 2014

Information technology (IT) governance has received a lot of attention lately, with a growing strategic importance currently being given to IT by both public and private organizations. This justifies the existence of a body of scientific literature on IT governance, to which this paper belongs and makes an attempt to contribute to. Towards that end, an empirical study was performed involving 57 public organizations of the Brazilian federal administration, examining the relationship between three governance mechanisms – IT steering committee, IT solution manager, and IT investment portfolio management process and IT governance effectiveness. Based on the literature review, a conceptual model was developed to express the causal relations that these constructs were expected to hold with one another. Through a custom-designed questionnaire submitted to over 180 federal public employees, the causal model was tested using mediation analysis and mostly confirmed. Results indicate that Portfolio Management should always be taken into account for analyses that aim to evaluate the effects of IT steering committees and solution managers on IT governance effectiveness. This means that a nonexistent or an underperforming Portfolio Management Process can lead to a reduction or cancellation of the potential positive contributions of the other two mechanisms to IT governance. By informing decision makers and public managers at some of the main federal public organizations in the country on how to plan and deploy IT to promote a more effective governance, the conclusions presented herein fill a previous knowledge gap in the complementarity and the joint effectiveness of three IT governance mechanisms on the IT dynamics of key public organizations.
State of the Art: Integrating Services for Mega Events
Authors: Garay Jorge R. Beingolea , Calixto Gustavo Moreira , De Oliveira Alexandre Maniçoba , Zuffo Marcelo Knorich
Published: August 2014

This paper describes the state of the art of a simplified model for integration of services in mega events. The project context, which was financed by the National Research Council – CNPq, is divided into six major areas or functional groups: Urban Mobility, Tourism, Airports, Security, Energy and Telecommunications. The proposal is described in layers, as an infrastructure model of integration and services evaluation, describing its main layers and interaction processes. The proposal described in this paper is restricted to the telecommunication subproject, however, in the modeling of the scenario for the study case, it was necessary to considerate requirements and variables that are common to all subprojects. In the specification process of these requirements, we noticed important processes that interact with some sectors in the city of São Paulo, however, in the mean time, we noticed some failures regarding the integration and collaboration performed by administrators elements of stadiums as main focus in the mega event and part of our case study. Currently, the proposal is in its first version as open software for the evaluation of the services quality and the mega event infrastructure through the use of performance indicators.
Using the BSC For Strategic Planning of IT (Information Technology) in Brazilian Organizations
Authors: Tonelli Adriano Olímpio , Bermejo Paulo Henrique de Souza , Zambalde André Luiz
Published: August 2014

This paper presents a method that integrates Balanced Scorecard (BSC) concepts and IT strategic planning (ITSP) processes. The resulting method was applied in two organizations in order to verify contributions of Balanced Scorecard regarding the identified ITSP problems. The development of this work was realized in qualitative, exploratory research based on two case studies. The results show that the use of BSC contributed directly to work with IT strategic planning challenges and involved middle management, multifunctional teams, and top management support, all beyond IT boundaries.
Outcomes of the 11th Contecsi Usp – International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management
Authors: Riccio Edson Luiz , Sakata Marici Gramacho , Valente Nelma Terezinha Zubek , Capobianco Ligia
Published: August 2014

In this document, we wish to describe statistics, data and the importance of the 11th CONTECSI – International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management, which took place in the University of São Paulo, during the dates of May 28th to 30th and was organized by TECSI/EAC/FEA/USP. This report presents statistics of the 11th CONTECSI, Goals and Objectives, Program, Plenary Sessions, Doctoral Consortium, Parallel Sessions, Honorable Mentions and Committees. We would like to point out the huge importance of the financial aid given by CAPES, CNPq, FAPESP, as well as the support of FEA USP, ANPAD, AIS, ISACA, UNINOVE, Universidade do Porto, Rutgers School/USA, São Paulo Convention Bureau and CCINT-FEA-USP.
Is the secrecy of the parametric configuration of slot machines rationally justified? The exposure of the mathematical facts of games of chance as an ethical obligation
Authors: Bărboianu Cătălin
Published: August 2014

Slot machines have gained high popularity despite a specific element that could limit their appeal: non-transparency with respect to mathematical parameters. The PAR sheets, which expose the parameters of the design of slot machines and probabilities associated with the winning combinations, are kept secret by game producers, and the lack of data regarding the configuration of a machine prevents people from computing probabilities and other mathematical indicators. In this article, I argue that there is no rational justification for this secrecy for two reasons: one psychological and the other mathematical. For the latter, I show that mathematics provides us with some statistical methods of retrieving the missing data, which are essential for numerical probability computations in slots. The slots case described herein raises the problem of exposing the parametric configuration and mathematical facts of any game of chance as an ethical obligation.
Reducing Risk with Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Maloney F.L. , Feblowitz J. , Samal L. , Sato L. , Wright A. , Zuccotti G.
Published: August 2014

Objective: Identify clinical opportunities to intervene to prevent a malpractice event and determine the proportion of malpractice claims potentially preventable by clinical decision support (CDS).

Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional review of closed malpractice claims over seven years from one malpractice insurance company and seven hospitals in the Boston area. For each event, clinical opportunities to intervene to avert the malpractice event and the presence or absence of CDS that might have a role in preventing the event, were assigned by a panel of expert raters. Compensation paid out to resolve a claim (indemnity), was associated with each CDS type.

Results: Of the 477 closed malpractice cases, 359 (75.3%) were categorized as substantiated and 195 (54%) had at least one opportunity to intervene. Common opportunities to intervene related to performance of procedure, diagnosis, and fall prevention. We identified at least one CDS type for 63% of substantiated claims. The 41 CDS types identified included clinically significant test result alerting, diagnostic decision support and electronic tracking of instruments. Cases with at least one associated intervention accounted for $40.3 million (58.9%) of indemnity.

Discussion: CDS systems and other forms of health information technology (HIT) are expected to improve quality of care, but their potential to mitigate risk had not previously been quantified. Our results suggest that, in addition to their known benefits for quality and safety, CDS systems within HIT have a potential role in decreasing malpractice payments.

Conclusion: More than half of malpractice events and over $40 million of indemnity were potentially preventable with CDS.

Citation: G. Zuccotti G, Maloney FL, Feblowitz J, Samal L, Sato L, Wright A. Reducing risk with clinical decision support: A study of closed malpractice claims. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 746–756

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-02-RA-0018
Impact of external industrial sources on the regional and local SO2 and O3 levels of the Mexico megacity
Authors: Almanza V. H. , Molina L. T. , Li G. , Fast J. , Sosa G.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The air quality of megacities can be influenced by external emission sources on both global and regional scales. At the same time their outflow emissions can exert an impact to the surrounding environment. The present study evaluates an SO2 peak observed on 24 March 2006 at the suburban supersite T1 and at ambient air quality monitoring stations located in the northern region of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field campaign. We found that this peak could be related to an important episodic emission event coming from Tizayuca region, northeast of the MCMA. Back-trajectory analyses suggest that the emission event started in the early morning at 04:00 LST and lasted for about 9 h. The estimated emission rate is about 2 kg s−1. To the best of our knowledge, sulfur dioxide emissions from the Tizayuca region have not been considered in previous studies. This finding suggests the possibility of "overlooked" emission sources in this region that could influence the air quality of the MCMA. This further motivated us to study the cement plants, including those in the state of Hidalgo and in the State of Mexico. It was found that they can contribute to the SO2 levels in the northeast (NE) region of the basin (about 42%), at the suburban supersite T1 (41%) and that at some monitoring stations their contribution can be even higher than the contribution from the Tula Industrial Complex (TIC). The contribution of the Tula Industrial Complex to regional ozone levels is estimated. The model suggests low contribution to the MCMA (1 to 4 ppb) and slightly higher contribution at the suburban T1 (6 ppb) and rural T2 (5 ppb) supersites. However, the contribution could be as high as 10 ppb in the upper northwest region of the basin and in the southwest and south-southeast regions of the state of Hidalgo. In addition, the results indicated that the ozone plume could also be transported to northwest Tlaxcala, eastern Hidalgo, and farther northeast of the State of Mexico, but with rather low values. A first estimate of the potential contribution from flaring activities to regional ozone levels is presented. Results suggest that up to 30% of the total regional ozone from TIC could be related to flaring activities. Finally, the influence on SO2 levels from technological changes in the existing refinery is briefly discussed. These changes are due to the upcoming construction of a new refinery in Tula. The combination of emission reductions in the power plant, the refinery and in local sources in the MCMA could result in higher reductions on the average SO2 concentration. Reductions in external sources tend to affect more the northern part of the basin (−16 to −46%), while reductions of urban sources in the megacity tend to diminish SO2 levels substantially in the central, southwest, and southeast regions (−31 to −50%).
Organic matter matters for ice nuclei of agricultural soil origin
Authors: Tobo Y. , DeMott P. J. , Hill T. C. J. , Prenni A. J. , Swoboda-Colberg N. G. , Franc G. D. , Kreidenweis S. M.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a crucial process for forming ice-containing clouds and subsequent ice-induced precipitation. The importance for ice nucleation by airborne desert soil dusts composed predominantly of minerals is widely acknowledged. However, the potential influence of agricultural soil dusts on ice nucleation has been poorly recognized, despite recent estimates that they may account for up to 20–25% of the global atmospheric dust load. We have conducted freezing experiments with various dusts, including agricultural soil dusts derived from the largest dust-source region in North America. Here we show evidence for the significant role of soil organic matter (SOM) in particles acting as ice nuclei (IN) under mixed-phase cloud conditions. We find that the ice-nucleating ability of the agricultural soil dusts is similar to that of desert soil dusts, but is clearly reduced after either H2O2 digestion or dry heating to 300 °C. In addition, based on chemical composition analysis, we demonstrate that organic-rich particles are more important than mineral particles for the ice-nucleating ability of the agricultural soil dusts at temperatures warmer than about −36 °C. Finally, we suggest that such organic-rich particles of agricultural origin (namely, SOM particles) may contribute significantly to the ubiquity of organic-rich IN in the global atmosphere.
Pre-onset auroral signatures and subsequent development of substorm auroras: a development of ionospheric loop currents at the onset latitudes
Authors: Saka O. , Hayashi K. , Thomsen M.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Substorm auroras observed on 17 January 1994 were localized within the field of view of an all-sky imager installed at Dawson City (DWS, 65.7° ILAT). In association with the enhancement of the anti-sunward convection in the polar cap and the ion flux enhancement in 1–6 keV at geosynchronous altitudes, a wave-like structure propagating equatorward to the onset latitudes with a high wave number in azimuth (m ~ 76, T ~ 120 s) was observed 30 min prior to the activation in the equatorward latitudes. The activation of the auroras in the equatorward latitudes and the subsequent poleward expansion lasted for approximately 6 min until a diffuse aurora formed. The auroras in the last 6 min were isolated and localized within the field of view of DWS, from 400 km west to 400 km east, and accompanied the magnetic pulse at the optical station. The magnetic pulse is interpreted by the propagating ionospheric current loop with a size comparable to the isolated auroras (~ 1000 km). We conclude that the wave-like structures in the pre-onset interval relate to the intrusion of the plasma-sheet plasmas from the tail by the convection. The plasmas from the tail eventually developed the ionospheric loop currents at the onset latitudes, in association with the triggering of the bead-like rippling of auroras and subsequent breaking out from the onset latitudes.
Ion dynamics in electron beam–plasma interaction: particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Baumgärtel K.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Electron beam–plasma interaction including ions is studied by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations using a one-dimensional, electrostatic code. Evidence for Langmuir wave decay is given for sufficiently energetic beams, as in previous Vlasov–Maxwell simulations. The mechanism for the generation of localized finite-amplitude ion density fluctuations is analyzed. Amplitude modulation due to interference between the beam-generated Langmuir waves causes random wave localization including strong transient spikes in field intensity which create bursty ion density structures via ponderomotive forces. More dense beams may quench the decay instability and generate low-frequency variations dominated by the wave number of the fastest growing Langmuir mode.
Plasma wave mediated attractive potentials: a prerequisite for electron compound formation
Authors: Treumann R. A. , Baumjohann W.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Coagulation of electrons to form macro-electrons or compounds in high temperature plasma is not generally expected to occur. Here we investigate, based on earlier work, the possibility for such electron compound formation (non-quantum "pairing") mediated in the presence of various kinds of plasma waves via the generation of attractive electrostatic potentials, the necessary condition for coagulation. We confirm the possibility of production of attractive potential forces in ion- and electron-acoustic waves, pointing out the importance of the former and expected consequences. While electron-acoustic waves presumably do not play any role, ion-acoustic waves may potentially contribute to formation of heavy electron compounds. Lower-hybrid waves also mediate compound formation but under different conditions. Buneman modes which evolve from strong currents may also potentially cause non-quantum "pairing" among cavity-/hole-trapped electrons constituting a heavy electron component that populates electron holes. The number densities are, however, expected to be very small and thus not viable for justification of macro-particles. All these processes are found to potentially generate cold compound populations. If such electron compounds are produced by the attractive forces, the forces provide a mechanism of cooling a small group of resonant electrons, loosely spoken, corresponding to classical condensation.
Assessment on the rates and potentials of soil organic carbon sequestration in agricultural lands in Japan using a process-based model and spatially explicit land-use change inventories – Part 1: Historical trend and validation based on nation-wide soil monitoring
Authors: Yagasaki Y. , Shirato Y.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. In order to estimate a country-scale soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change in agricultural lands in Japan, while taking into account the effect of land-use changes, climate, different agricultural activities and the nature of soils, a spatially explicit model simulation system was developed using Rothamsted Carbon Model (RothC) with an integration of spatial and temporal inventories. Simulation was run from 1970 to 2008 with historical inventories. Simulated SOC stock was compared with observations in a nation-wide stationary monitoring program conducted during 1979–1998. Historical land-use change, characterized by a large decline in the area of paddy fields as well as a small but continuous decline in the area of orchards, occurred along with a relatively large increase in upland crop fields, unmanaged grasslands, and settlements (i.e. conversion of agricultural fields due to urbanization or abandoning). Results of the simulation on SOC stock change under varying land-use change indicated that land-use conversion from agricultural fields to settlements or other lands, as well as that from paddy fields to croplands have likely been an increasing source of CO2 emission, due to the reduction of organic carbon input to soils and the enhancement of SOC decomposition through transition of soil environment from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. The area-weighted mean concentrations of the simulated SOC stocks calculated for major soil groups under paddy fields and upland crop fields were comparable to those observed in the monitoring. Whereas in orchards, the simulated SOC stocks were underestimated. As the results of simulation indicated that SOC stock change under managed grasslands and settlements has been likely a major sink and source of CO2 emission at country-scale, respectively, validation of SOC stock change under these land-use types, which could not have been accomplished due to limited availability or a lack of measurement, remains a forthcoming challenge.
Assessment on the rates and potentials of soil organic carbon sequestration in agricultural lands in Japan using a process-based model and spatially explicit land-use change inventories – Part 2: Future potentials
Authors: Yagasaki Y. , Shirato Y.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Future potentials of the sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural lands in Japan were estimated using a simulation system we recently developed to simulate SOC stock change at country-scale under varying land-use change, climate, soil, and agricultural practices, in a spatially explicit manner. Simulation was run from 1970 to 2006 with historical inventories, and subsequently to 2020 with future scenarios of agricultural activity comprised of various agricultural policy targets advocated by the Japanese government. Furthermore, the simulation was run subsequently until 2100 while forcing no temporal changes in land-use and agricultural activity to investigate duration and course of SOC stock change at country scale. A scenario with an increased rate of organic carbon input to agricultural fields by intensified crop rotation in combination with the suppression of conversion of agricultural lands to other land-use types was found to have a greater reduction of CO2 emission by enhanced soil carbon sequestration, but only under a circumstance in which the converted agricultural lands will become settlements that were considered to have a relatively lower rate of organic carbon input. The size of relative reduction of CO2 emission in this scenario was comparable to that in another contrasting scenario (business-as-usual scenario of agricultural activity) in which a relatively lower rate of organic matter input to agricultural fields was assumed in combination with an increased rate of conversion of the agricultural fields to unmanaged grasslands through abandonment. Our simulation experiment clearly demonstrated that net-net-based accounting on SOC stock change, defined as the differences between the emissions and removals during the commitment period and the emissions and removals during a previous period (base year or base period of Kyoto Protocol), can be largely influenced by variations in future climate. Whereas baseline-based accounting, defined as differences between the net emissions in the accounting period and the ex ante estimation of net business-as-usual emissions for the same period, has robustness over variations in future climate and effectiveness to factor out some of the direct human-induced effects such as changing land-use and agricultural activity. Factors affecting uncertainties in the estimation of the country-scale potential of SOC sequestration were discussed, especially those related to estimation of the rate of organic carbon input to soils under different land-use types. Our study suggested that, in order to assist decision making of policy on agriculture, land management, and mitigation of global climate change, it is also important to take account of duration and time course of SOC sequestration, supposition on land-use change pattern in future, as well as feasibility of agricultural policy planning.
Brief Communication: CATALYST – a multi-regional stakeholder think tank for fostering capacity development in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation
Authors: Hare M. P. , van Bers C. , van der Keur P. , Henriksen H. J. , Luther J. , Kuhlicke C. , Jaspers F. , Terwisscha van Scheltinga C. , Mysiak J. , Calliari E. , Warner K. , Daniel H. , Coppola J. , McGrath P. F.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. This brief communication presents the work and objectives of the CATALYST project on "Capacity Development for Hazard Risk Reduction and Adaptation" funded by the European Commission (October 2011–September 2013). CATALYST set up a multi-regional think tank covering four regions (Central America and the Caribbean, East and West Africa, the European Mediterranean, and South and Southeast Asia), intending to strengthen capacity development for stakeholders involved in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation, in the context of natural hazards. This communication concludes with a selection of recommendations for capacity development in DRR and climate change adaptation from the perspective of governance issues.
TERMORRESISTÊNCIA E SENSIBILIDADE A ANTIBIÓTICOS E QUIMIOTERÁPICOS DE CEPAS DE S. aureus ISOLADOS DE MATERIAIS ENVOLVIDOS EM INTOXICAÇÃO POR ENTEROTOXINA ESTAFILOCÓCICA, NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO*
Authors: GELLI DILMA S. , RIBEIRO ELIANA G. A. , PACHECO MARINA REIGOTA , FREITAS ARACELIS M. , R. ESPER MARIA REGINA , PISANI BEATRIZ , ROCHA MARILU M. M. , TANAKA ALICE Y. , F. CASTRO MARIA TOSHIKO , KAKU MITUKA
Published: August 2014

Foram realizados testes de termorresistência e teste de sensibilidade aos antibióticos e quimioterápicos em 22 cepas de S. aureus isoladas de eventos de doenças veiculadas por alimentos. Das 5 cepas isoladas de carne, uma apresentou resistência a penicilina/kanamicina/tetraci clina, outra cepa para penicilina/tetraciclina e as de­mais apenas para penicilina. Das doze cepas isoladas de bolo; três apresentaram resistência para penicilina/ácido nalidíxico, penicilina/kanamicina e penicilina/polimi xina B, outras seis somente para penicilina e as demais sensíveis para todos os agentes testados. Uma cepa isolada de farofa apresentou resistência a penicilina/kanamicina. Das duas cepas isoladas de produtos de confeita­ria, uma apresentou resistência dupla penicilina/sulfame toxazol-trimetoprim e a outra sensível a todos os agentes testados. Das duas cepas isoladas de nasofaringe de manipuladores de alimentos, uma foi resistente a ampici­lina/penicilina e a outra a fosfomicina. O teste de ter­morresistência de 25 cepas mostrou que 5 (20%) estavam viáveis imediatamente apÓs a exposição a 68°C por 10 mi­nutos. Dos tubos negativos, após a incubação foram ainda recuperadas 5 cepas (20%).
EFEITOS DAS CONDIÇOES DE ARMAZENAMENTO SOBRE AS CARACTERÍSTICAS SENSORIAIS DO FEIJÃO MACASSAR Vigna unquiculata (L) WALP
Authors: DORNELAS LEÃO MARIA CÉLIA , GUERRA NONETE BARBOSA , DE FREITAS EDLEIDE MARIA PIRES
Published: August 2014

Amostras de feijão do tipo "macassar" foram armazenadas em silos de folha de zinco no IPA - Serra Talhada e em sacos de juta nos armazens da CAGEP - Recife, sob diferentes condições ambientais durante seis meses, com vistas a avaliar os efeitos da estocagem na qualidade do feijão a intervalos de 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias. Foram determinadas as características sensoriais. Na análise sensorial, embora não tenha sido registrada diferença significativa entre as amostras a nível de 5%, foi verificada ligeira tendência de aceitação pelo cultivar IPA 202. Quanto ao grau de cocção, tornou-se inadequado a partir dos 120 dias de armazenamento. Tais evidências permitem concluir que os silos de folha de zinco exercem maior proteção sobre a qualidade do feijão macassar.
PROCESSAMENTO E ESTABILIDADE DO XAROPE DE CAJU (Anacardium occidentale, L.)
Authors: SOUZA FILHO MEN DE SÁ MOREIRA DE , FONSECA JOSÉ LUCIANO FERREIRA DA , SARMENTO SILVANA GOMES RIBEIRO
Published: August 2014

O suco foi extraído em prensa expeller e clarificado com 500 ppm de gelatina. Procedeu-se a filtração, sendo o xarope formulado por adição de sacarose, efetuando-se o enchimento a quente. Realizou-se a pas teurização em banho-maria por 15 minutos, seguido de resfriamento até 28°C. As amostras foram analisadas em suas características quÍmicas e físico - químicas por 120 dias. O produto analisado sensorialmente, recém-processado e após 120 dias de armazenagem em duas diluições, não apresentou diferenças significativas. O produto apresentou boa estabilidade quanto às características químicas e físico-químicas, mantendo-se dentro dos padrões da legislação do Ministé rio da Agricultura.
AVALIAÇÃO SENSORIAL DE MOLHO DE MAÇA COM DIFERENTES EDULCORANTES
Authors: CAMPOS ADRIANE MULINARI , CÂNDIDO LIS MARY BILESKI , RODRIGUES REGINA M. HARTOG POMBO
Published: August 2014

Utilizando molho base de maça como suporte, para homogeneidade das características de aroma, cor e aparência, foi testada a preferência de edulcorantes naturais (frutose, sorbitol, estaviosídeo) e artificiais (ciclamato/sacarina, aspartame, acesulfame-K), comparativamente a um molho padrão adoçado com sacarose. A análise sensorial através do perfil de características demonstrou que o molho padrão alcançou as maiores médias para todas as características. No atriooto sabor obtiveram as maiores médias os molhos adoçados com aspartame e acesulfame-K, seguidos bem próximo pelo acrescido de sacarina/ciclamato. A menor média ficou para o produto contendo o esteviosídeo. Quanto à tex­tura, as melhores médias ficaram para os molhos adoçados com frutos e , sorbi tol e aspartame, com a menor média para o molho com sacarina/ciclamato. O teste de comparação múltipla, analisando grau de diferença de sabor, mostrou a melhor média para o acesulfame-K, seguida de sacarina/ciclamato com valor bem próximo ao do aspartame. A análise de variância mostrou que, nível de 1%, existe diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as amostras, mas não entre os provadores. As avaliações físico-químicas e foram efetuadas para determinar o valor energético total (VET) dos produtos e auxiliar na interpretação dos resultados.
ESTUDO DA ESTABILIDADE DE FARELOS UTILIZADOS NA ALIMENTAÇÃO HUMANA
Authors: FERNANDES ZELYTA DE FARO , MARTINS GERALDO DE CARVALHO , FREITAS PIRES EDLEIDE MARIA , GUERRA NONETE BARBOSA
Published: August 2014

Utilizado como alimento alternativo pela clientela da Pastoral da Criança, o farelo de trigo foi submetido a um estudo de estabilidade sob diferentes condições de armazenamento. O produto, fornecido pelo Moinho Recife - PE, após tamização foi submetido a uma torrefação a ± 95°C e a seguir acondicionado em embalagens diversas: vidro, plástico e papel, sendo armazenados a ± 28 e ± 45ºC. Os resultados das análises químicas e microbiológicas realizadas aos 30 e 60 dias demonstraram que embora a torrefação reduza a contaminação inicial de bolores e leveduras, favorece alterações de ordem química, efeito análogo ao observado no armazenamento a 45°C. Tal constatação, permite concluir que o fator limitante do armazenamento do farelo de trigo sob a forma torrado é a oxidação Lipídica.
AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA DE MORTADELAS FORMULADAS COM MATÉRIAS-PRIMAS VEGETAIS
Authors: SILVA JOÃO ANDRADE DA , LIMA ANTONIO WILLIAM OLIVEIRA , CARBAJAL FREDDY A. RIVERA , LEUTHIER SANDRA MARIA FERREIRA
Published: August 2014

Foram analisados recortes de carne bovina e de mortadelas fomuladas matérias-primas vegetais, antes e após o cozimento, e durante 90 dias de estocagem (em intervalos de sete dias) em ambiente não refrigerado (27oC). Realizaram-se: as seguintes análises: contagem padrão em placas CPP (350C), emuneração de coliformes fecais, Staphylococcus e de bolores e leveduras e· pesquisa de Salmonella. As CPP para os recortes de carne bovina e a mortadela crua foram, respectivamente, 7,6.104 e 2,6.105 UFC/g, enquanto que o produto final apresentou variação de. 1,8.104 a 7,0.105 UFC/g. Neste produto, bolores e leveduras iniciaram seus crescimentos a partir do 63º dia estocagem, sempre com contagens inferiores a 1000 UFC/g. Não foram constatadas as ocorrências de S. aureus e Samonella.Os resultados experimentais obtidos encontram-se dentro de padrões microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação vigente.
CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS, QUÍMICAS E ESTADO DE OXIDAÇÃO DE ÓLEOS DE DENDÊ BRASILEIROS
Authors: TRIGUEIRO IVALDO NIDIO SITONIO , PENTEADO MARILENE DE VUONO CAMARGO
Published: August 2014

Determinou-se o teor de acidez (ácido palmítico), o índice de peróxido, o índice de iodo, o número de TBA e o índice de refração, de óleo de dendê bruto, óleo de caiaué e óleo de dendê refinado, provenientes de diferentes Estados brasileiros. Avaliou-se também a estabilidade do óleo bruto e do óleo refinado, armazenados a temperatura ambiente (26°C) e em geladeira (5°C). Os resultados obtidos mostraram valores elevados para o índice de refração (1,4551 a 1,46BO) e para o teor de acidez (2,36 e 24,66 % de ácido palmítico). Com relação ao número de TBA, os valores situaram-se entre 1,486 e 6,935 x 10-5 em solução de Tetraetoxipropano (TEP). Quanto ao índice de peróxido (1,94 a 5,95 meq/kg), os valores encontrados estavam abaixo do limite estabelecido pela legislação brasileira. Durante o experimento para a verificação do estado de oxidação dos óleos brutos e do óleo refinado, detectou-se um aumento significativo dos índices de peróxido, tanto a temperatura ambiente quanto em geladeira. Este mesmo comportamento foi verificado com o número de TBA.
COMPORTAMENTO DE GÉIS DE PECTINAS EM PRESENÇA DE DIFERENTES ADOÇANTES E TEORES VARIADOS DE CÁLCIO*
Authors: CAMPOS ADRIANE MULINARI , CÂNDIDO LYS MARY BILESKI
Published: August 2014

Géis modelo foram preparados para verificar o efeito de diferentes adoçantes e teores variados de cálcio sobre a força do gel de pectinas amidadas. O estudo foi realizado com 25, 35, 45 e 55 mg de cálcio/g de pectina e, com os adoçantes sacarose, glucose, frutose, xarope de alto teor de maltose, xarope de glucose, açúcar invertido, sorbitol e as misturas de frutose/sorbitol e manitol/sorbitol, em quantidade que totalizasse 25% de sólidos solúveis. Empregou-se o teor de 0,8% de pectinas de baixo teor de metoxilação amidadas: 8001 e 8002 (8raspectina) . Determinou-se a resistência a penetração a cada 24 horas, a partir do seu preparo, até o 28º dia. A pectina 8001 foi a que melhor se adaptou aos sistemas onde estavam presentes agentes seqüestrantes, apesar de que para atingir força na faixa ideal, os géis de frutose e sorbitol necessitaram de 45 e 55 mg de cálcio/g de pectina, respectivamente. A pectina 8002 com 25 mg de cálcio/g de pectina forneceu géis de sacarose, glucose, xarope de alto teor de maltose, xarope de glucose e açúcar invertido mais consistentes do que a pectina 8001. Estabelecidas as condições com as pectinas 8001 e 8002, as formulações do ge1 modelo foram utilizadas para o preparo de geléias de morango de baixo teor de sólidos solúveis com diferentes adoçantes e edulcorantes: sacarose, frutose, glucose, xarope de alto teor de maltose, xarope de glucose, açúcar invertido, manitol, sorbitol, aspartame, acesulfame-K, ciclamato, sacarina e esteviosídeo.
FRAUDES EM ALIMENTOS
Authors: KOLICHESKI MÔNICA BEATRIZ
Published: August 2014

Analisa e exemplifica as fraudes mais praticadas por fabricantes e comerciantes de alimentos classificando-as de acordo com a legislação.
PROCESSAMENTO E ESTABILIDADE DE POLPA DE MAMÃO (Carica papaya, L.), CULTIVAR SOLO, PRESERVADA A ALTA E BAIXA TEMPERATURA
Authors: BAYMA ARMANDO BARBOSA , LIMA GUEDES ZULEICA BRAGA DE , ORIÁ HUMBERTO FERREIRA , OLIVEIRA GERALDO SÉRGIO FRANCELINO DE
Published: August 2014

Dois métodos de preservação (alta e baixa temperatura) foram utilizados no processamento da polpa de mamão (Carica , L.), cultivar Solo. A estabilidade dos produtos foi verificada durante 120 dias, em intervalos de 30 dias, através das determinações de pH, sólidos solúveis (OBrix), acidez titulável total (% de ácido citrico), glicidios redutores %, glicidios não redutores %, ácido ascórbico (mg/100 g) e pigmentos solúveis em água. Todos os resultados foram analisados estatisticamen­te. A polpa preservada a baixa temperatura apresentou melhor estabilidade.
AVALIAÇÃO DA INGESTÃO DIÁRIA POTENCIAL DE EDULCORANTES EM CURITIBA
Authors: IOSHII SUELY HARUMI , TOLEDO MARIA CECÍLIA DE FIGUEIREDO
Published: August 2014

Ingestão diária potencial (IOP) de 334 consumidores de produtos dietéticos foram calculadas e comparadas com os limites toxicológicos recomendados pelo JECFA. A contribuição dos diversos produtos dietéticos quanto a ingestão média, mediana e máxima de edulcorantes foram comparados entre a população geral, diabéticos e grupo controle de peso, para os consumidores de Curitiba. A IDP para os edulcorantes aspartame, ciclamato e sacarina, representaram respectivamente, 3,04, 15,0 e 14,36% dos valores de Ingestão Diária Aceitável (IDA) para a população estudada; 2,78, 16,55 e 18,2% para os diabéticos e 3,23, 11,0 e 12,4% para o grupo controle de peso.
SISTEMA DE ANÁLISE DE RISCO E PONTOS CRÍTICOS DE CONTROLE REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: DAMS ROSEMERI INÊS , BEIRÃO LUIZ HENRIQUE , TEIXEIRA EVANILDA
Published: August 2014

Apresenta revisão bibliográfica sobre o Sistema de Análise de Risco e Pontos Críticos de Controle. Comenta a origem do sistema e a sua importância na garantia da qualidade e segurança do produto alimentício. São discutidas as suas aplicações na indústria de alimentos, mostrando seus objetivos e elementos, além de enfatizar os procedimentos necessários para sua implantação.
DETERMINAÇÃO DA QUANTIDADE DE CLARIFICANTES PARA A ADEQUAÇÃO DA COR DE VINHOS
Authors: VANDERLINDE REGINA , BENEDET HONÓRIO DOMINGOS
Published: August 2014

Estuda a quantidade ideal de clarificante a ser adicionada ao vinho branco seco semillon para se atingir a cor padrão estabelecida pela empresa produtora. Os valores determinados em g/L para polivinilpolipirrolidona (PVPP) e caseina foram iguais, ou seja, 0,4 para a amostra nº 1; 0,07 e 0,15 para a amostra nº 2; 0,27 e 0,22 para a amostra nº 3 e 0,07 e 0,12 para a amostra nº 4.