bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale‐Short Form in a sample of Italian adolescents
Authors: Mancinelli Elisa , Cottu Manuela , Salcuni Silvia
Published: July 2024

Objective

The primary objective of the present study is to validate the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale‐Short Form (DERS‐SF) in a sample of Italian adolescents. Additionally, we aim to evaluate its factorial structure by examining the contribution of each subscale (i.e., Nonacceptance, Clarity, Awareness, Goals, Impulse, Strategy) on the general factor using bi‐factor models by replicating a past study.

Method

The sample comprises N = 704 adolescents aged 11–17 years (M = 13.38, SD = 1.37; 53.12% females). To establish external validity, correlation and path analyses were conducted between the DERS‐SF sub‐scales, the total score, and measures of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, as well as Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU). Measurement invariance was tested comparing males versus females and pre‐adolescents and adolescents.

Results

Overall, results supported the multidimensional nature of the DERS‐SF, confirming its original six‐factor structure. However, bi‐factor models analysis revealed that the Awareness subscale should be excluded when calculating the total score. Furthermore, findings indicated that the Strategy subscale variance is largely accounted for by the general factor rather than the specific subscale. In terms of external validity, significant positive associations between the DERS‐SF sub‐scales, the total score, and PSU, internalizing and externalizing symptoms were observed. Measurement invariance was supported.

Conclusions

Altogether, findings support the validity of the DERS‐SF among Italian Adolescents and provide insights relevant to the understanding of the multifaceted facets of emotion regulation, emphasizing its relevance as a transdiagnostic process.
Evaluation of green microalgal strains for simultaneous municipal wastewater treatment and heavy metal bioremediation
Authors: Ahiahonu Elvis Kodzo , Anku William Wilson , Roopnarain Ashira , Serepa‐Dlamini Mahloro Hope , Govender Penny Poomani
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Microalga‐assisted wastewater treatment systems have gained attention for their efficiency in removing nutrients, chemical oxygen demand, toxic heavy metals and other dissolved compounds, while also producing valuable biomass and demonstrating high CO2 biofixation potential. The current research focuses on investigating the municipal wastewater phycoremediation and heavy metal biosorption ability of three indigenous freshwater microalgal strains: Tetradesmus reginae, Tetradesmus obliquus and Chlorella sorokiniana.

RESULTS

The research findings indicate that the microalgal strains T. reginae, T. obliquus and C. sorokiniana exhibited notable performance in biomass accumulation. Specifically, the biomass accumulations were 2.215 ± 0.002, 1.143 ± 0.006 and 0.856 ± 0.021 g L−1, respectively, with initial culture biomasses ranging from 0.5 to 0.6 g L−1. These strains significantly reduced toxic heavy metals (As, 46.86–60.12%; Cd, 52.96–83.18%; Cr, 73.49–82.18%; and Pb, 95.38–96.25%), nutrients (NH4+ & NO3− 100% and PO43− 78–86.41%) as well as chemical oxygen demand (46.02–67.35%), and biosequestered CO2 (0.8–0.18 gCO2 L−1 d−1) during the growth period. Among the strains, T. reginae emerged as the top performer. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of the strain's biomass confirmed the presence of specific functional groups, such as CH, NH, OH and CN, which play a crucial role in ionising and reacting with toxic metal ions and protons in the wastewater.

CONCLUSION

This study has shown that the isolated wild microalgal strains have promising phycoremediation and heavy metal adsorption characteristics. Moreover, they exhibit promising rates of CO2 biosequestration. These findings underscore the potential of microalga‐assisted wastewater treatment systems for efficient and eco‐friendly wastewater remediation, as well as biomass generation and CO2 mitigation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (qMRI) of the Small Bowel in Crohn's Disease: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Directions
Authors: Sakai Naomi S. , Bray Timothy J.P. , Taylor Stuart A.
Published: July 2024

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract in which repeated episodes of acute inflammation may lead to long‐term bowel damage. Cross‐sectional imaging is used in conjunction with endoscopy to diagnose and monitor disease and detect complications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has demonstrable utility in evaluating inflammatory activity. However, subjective interpretation of conventional MR sequences is limited in its ability to fully phenotype the underlying histopathological processes in chronic disease. In particular, conventional MRI can be confounded by the presence of mural fibrosis and muscle hypertrophy, which can mask or sometimes mimic inflammation. Quantitative MRI (qMRI) methods provide a means to better differentiate mural inflammation from fibrosis and improve quantification of these processes. qMRI may also provide more objective measures of disease activity and enable better tailoring of treatment. Here, we review quantitative MRI methods for imaging the small bowel in CD and consider the path to their clinical translation.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
The Three‐Way Interaction of Autonomy, Openness to Experience, and Techno‐Invasion in Predicting Employee Creativity
Authors: Samimi Dehkordi Saleh , Radević Ivan , Černe Matej , Božič Katerina , Lamovšek Amadeja
Published: July 2024

Despite the increasing need for creativity in rapidly evolving markets and work environments, not all employees are able to engage in this crucial behavior at work. The interactionist perspective suggests that creativity in organizations can be predicted by the interplay of individual and situational elements. With this theoretical framework, the study aimed to generate and develop insights into the job autonomy–employee creativity relationship by proposing and testing the joint moderating role of an individual (i.e., openness to experience) and contextual factor (i.e., techno‐invasion). The sample (n = 435) drew from three sources (focal employees, their family members, supervisors) concerning the creativity of working professionals and what predicts it in a variety of industries. The findings reveal a curvilinear relationship between autonomy and creative behavior and the moderating effect of openness to experience in this relationship. Support is also found for the three‐way interaction of autonomy, openness to experience, and techno‐invasion in fostering creative behavior. Important theoretical and practical implications thus arise for establishing the work context of potentially creative individuals given different levels of technology demands and job conditions.
Use of miltefosine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana
Authors: Oliveira Charlene , Arrivé Kevin , Andro Yannick , Michaud Celine , Drak Alsibai Kinan , Couppie Pierre , Demar Magalie , Blaizot Romain
Published: July 2024

Background

Nearly half of the cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases in French Guiana occur in remote rainforest areas. The treatment of pentamidine‐resistant strains currently requires hospitalisation for intravenous amphotericin, involving significant indirect costs. Miltefosine is currently the only oral drug available but is only used in French Guiana as a third‐ or fourth‐line treatment under a temporary use authorisation.

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of miltefosine in French Guiana. Secondary objectives were to evaluate its safety and acceptability, and patient satisfaction.

Methods

The study was carried out at the Cayenne Hospital and remote health centres in French Guiana. All patients with proven CL and treated with miltefosine between 1 January 2017 and 1 April 2022 were included. Cure was defined as complete re‐epithelisation with no new lesions at 90 days. Adherence (all doses taken) and side effects were routinely evaluated at the end of treatment. Patients were retrospectively called back to evaluate the impact of CL on their life quality before treatment and their satisfaction with miltefosine.

Results

Fifteen patients were included. The main species was Leishmania guyanensis (n = 9; 60%), followed by L. braziliensis (n = 4; 26.7%). Eight patients (53.3%) were cured. Eleven patients (73.3%) presented adverse effects (mainly digestive), with seven of these (46.7%) requiring therapeutic adaptations. Eight patients demonstrated complete adherence; of these, six (75%) were cured, including six cases of L. guyanensis, one case of L. braziliensis and one Leishmania spp. Most patients (88.9%) were satisfied with the treatment and said they preferred oral administration to the parenteral route.

Conclusions

Miltefosine is a valuable treatment option for CL in French Guiana. The side effects can diminish patient adherence, but its oral administration is associated with high patient satisfaction. A regular marketing authorisation would facilitate its prescription and allow for the creation of larger cohorts.
The Global Experience of Laryngeal Transplantation: Series of Eleven Patients in Three Continents
Authors: Candelo Estephania , Belafsky Peter C. , Corrales Mauricio , Farwell D. Gregory , Gonzales Luis F. , Grajek Maciej , Walczak Dominik A. , Strome Marshall , Lorenz Robert R. , Tintinago Luis F. , Velez Maria A. , Victoria William , Birchall Martin
Published: July 2024

Background

The loss of laryngeal function affects breathing, swallowing, and voice, thus severely compromises quality of life. Laryngeal transplantation has long been suggested as a solution for selected highly affected patients with complete laryngeal function loss.

Objective

To obtain insights regarding the advantages, weaknesses, and limitations of this procedure and facilitate future advances, we collected uniform data from all known laryngeal transplants reported internationally.

Methodology

A case series. Patients were enrolled retrospectively by each institutional hospital or clinic. Eleven patients with complete loss of laryngeal function undergoing total laryngeal transplantation between 1998 and 2018 were recruited.

Results

After a minimum of 24 months follow‐up, three patients had died (27%), and there were two graft explants in survivors, one total and one partial, due to chronic rejection. In the remaining cases, voice was functional in 62.5% and 50% achieved decannulation. Swallowing was initially restricted, but only one patient was gastrostomy‐dependent by 6 months and all had normal or near‐normal swallowing by the end of year two after transplantation. Median follow‐up was 73 months. Functional (voice, swallowing, airway) recovery peaked between 12 and 24 months.

Conclusions

Laryngeal transplantation is a complex procedure with significant morbidity. Significant improvements in quality of life are possible for highly selected individuals with end‐stage laryngeal disorders, including laryngeal neoplasia, but further technical and pharmacological developments are required if the technique is to be more widely applicable. An international registry should be created to provide better quality pooled data for analysis of outcomes of any future laryngeal transplants.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:4313–4320, 2024
Dynamics of alongshore current in the Taiwan Strait: A perspective on the southward Kuroshio branch in winter
Authors: Zong Xiaolong , Sheng Zhong , Zhang Shuwen , Wang Aijun , Deng Fangjing , Wang Qiang , Chen Zhaoyun
Published: July 2024

In winter, the Kuroshio Current intrudes onto the continental shelf in the East China Sea with a cyclonic branch occasionally veering northeast of the Taiwan Strait. The dynamic process and mechanism by which the southward Kuroshio branch enters the Taiwan Strait is investigated using a numerical model. Decomposition of the flow field and sea surface height (SSH) using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) isolates the first mode of the southward flow and the east‐westward SSH slope, showing that the time series is closely related to wind strength. The southward Kuroshio branch is mainly controlled by geostrophic and Ekman effects. When northeasterly winds are weak, the elevated SSH on the eastern side, caused by the Kuroshio, generates a northward geostrophic current. This northward current overwhelms the Ekman current and triggers the Taiwan Warm Current. Conversely, when northeasterly winds are strong, an elevated SSH on the western side generates a southward geostrophic current. A theoretical equation is devised, which accounts for Ekman layer depth related to wind strength and geostrophic adjustments by the Ekman effect. This equation explains why the Kuroshio branch flows into the northern Taiwan Strait and why there is a counter‐wind current (i.e., Taiwan Warm Current) during winter. Furthermore, we propose a novel perspective that suggests the alongshore current and cross‐shore sea level in the Taiwan Strait are determined by the wind‐driven current and geostrophic adjustment, which are generated by the competition or cooperation between the wind and the alongshore pressure gradient caused by the Kuroshio.
Determination of site‐specific nitrogen cycle reaction kinetics allows accurate simulation of in situ nitrogen transformation rates in a large North American estuary
Authors: Tang Weiyi , Fortin Samantha G. , Intrator Naomi , Lee Jenna A. , Kunes Moriah A. , Jayakumar Amal , Ward Bess B.
Published: July 2024

Nitrogen (N) bioavailability affects phytoplankton growth and primary production in the aquatic environment. N bioavailability is partly determined by biological N cycling processes that either transform N species or remove fixed N. Reliable estimates of their kinetic parameters can help understand the distribution of N cycling processes. However, available estimates of kinetic parameters are often derived from microbial isolates and may not be representative of the natural environment. Observations are particularly lacking in estuarine and coastal waters. We conducted isotope tracer addition incubations to evaluate substrate affinities of nitrification, denitrification and anammox in the Chesapeake Bay water column. The half‐saturation constant for ammonia oxidation ranged from 0.38 to 0.75 μM ammonium, substantially higher than observed in the open oceans. Half‐saturation constants for denitrification—0.92–1.86 μM nitrite or 1.15 μM nitrate—were within the lower end or less than those reported for other aquatic environments and for denitrifier isolates. Interestingly, water column denitrification potential was comparable to that of sedimentary denitrification, highlighting the contribution of the water column to N removal during anoxia. Mostly undetectable anammox rates prevented us from deriving the half‐saturation constants, suggesting a low affinity of anammox. Using these substrate kinetics, we were able to predict in situ N cycling rates and explain the vertical distribution of N nutrient concentrations. Our newly derived substrate kinetics parameters can be useful for improving model representation of N nutrient dynamics in estuarine and coastal waters, which is critical for assessing the ecosystem productivity and function.
Revisiting the Freshwater Imperative: Harnessing Team Science to Face Emerging Challenges to Freshwaters
Authors: Sadro Steven , Hotchkiss Erin R , Cottingham Kathryn L , Vanni Michael J , Speir Shannon L , O'Reilly Catherine M
Published: July 2024

Freshwater ecosystems face ever increasing environmental and ecological challenges. Recognition of those challenges is not new—over 30 years ago, a series of workshops convened to develop a research agenda (The Freshwater Imperative) to address those challenges. It was recognized that a critical component of solving the problems that freshwater ecosystems face would require greater interdisciplinary collaboration. Here, we discuss the context for the “Revisiting the Freshwater Imperative” workshop and describe how a small‐workshop model can be used effectively to seed longer term collaborative partnerships in support of meeting the challenges freshwater ecosystems face. Some key recommendations include: (1) engage with participants prior to the workshop to maximize efficient use of time and prime divergence‐convergence thinking; (2) promote a bottom‐up participant driven structure; (2) develop an agenda with enough flexibility to accommodate participant driven changes (i.e., a “live” agenda); (3) utilize best practices for facilitating team science; and (4) provide coordinating structure for post‐workshop working group activities.
Comparison of instep and non‐instep flap in the reconstruction of the weight‐bearing portion of the forefoot and heel
Authors: Lee Jae Hoon , Ku Ki Hyeok , Kim Jin Hyung , Baek Jong Hun
Published: July 2024

Background

Instep flaps are commonly used for the reconstruction of weight‐bearing areas of the foot. However, in cases of large defects or damage to the instep area, non‐instep flaps such as reverse sural flaps (RSF) or free anterolateral thigh flaps (ALTF) can be employed. Previous studies have primarily focused on heel reconstruction when comparing different flaps, without considering the forefoot. This study aims to verify the clinical outcomes of these flaps and determine the appropriate donor site for weight‐bearing areas of the foot including forefoot reconstruction.

Methods

In a retrospective study, 39 patients who had undergone flap reconstruction of weight‐bearing area defects in the foot with a follow‐up period of ≥1 year were included. The patients were categorized into two groups: Group A (n = 19) using instep flaps, and Group B (n = 20) using non‐instep flap including RSFs and ALTFs. Surgical outcomes were assessed based on the success of the flap, the presence of partial necrosis, the number of additional surgeries, and complications related to the donor site. Clinical evaluation included visual analogue scale (VAS) and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and the occurrence of ulcers.

Results

All flaps were successful, while partial necrosis occurred in one case in Group B. There were three reclosures after flap border debridement in both groups and one donor site debridement in Group A. The VAS scores during weight‐bearing were 2.0 ± 1.1 and 2.2 ± 1.5 for Groups A and B, respectively (p = .716). The AOFAS scores were 52.8 ± 6.8 and 50.2 ± 12.7 for Groups A and B, respectively (p = .435). The occurrence of ulcers was 0.4 ± 0.9 times for Group A and 0.3 ± 0.7 times for Group B, with no significant difference between the two groups (p = .453).

Conclusion

There was no difference in clinical outcomes between the types of flaps after reconstruction of the forefoot and hindfoot. Therefore, it is recommended to choose the appropriate flap based on factors such as the size of the defect, its location, and vascular status rather than the type of flap.
Politics, institutional corruption, and their impact on sustainable development: Perspectives from university students in Peru
Authors: Vela‐Miranda Óscar Manuel , Remaycuna‐Vasquez Alberto , Talledo‐Sebedón Danae de Lourdes , Orlandini‐Valle Brunella , Espíritu Salinas Natividad Marina , Valle‐Palomino Nicolás
Published: July 2024

This research study's principal objective is to explain the relationship between corruption and political attitudes regarding sustainable development, also from the perspective of Peruvian students. The sample consisted of 616 university students who were from the cities of Lima and Piura. They responded to two instruments: The Attitude Scale Toward Politics and the Attitude Scale Toward Corruption. Among the most representative results, it was found that institutional corruption has a highly significant and direct relationship with political attitudes from the perspective of university students (0.720. Sig.0.000). Nine out of ten dimensions of attitudes toward politics achieved highly significant correlations (p = 0.001) with attitudes toward corruption. Among the conclusions, it is observed that attitudes toward politics and attitudes toward corruption show a systematic interdependence of modification. It is necessary implement strategies for political participation without corruption is emphasized to improve the education that sustains the future governance of the country.
Preparation and properties of toughened/flame‐retardant PA6/glass‐fiber composites reinforced by linear polyphosphazene elastomers
Authors: Zou Wenqi , Luo Kaiqiang , Xu Jun , Qiu Munan , Tian Jing , Wu Zhanpeng , Guo Baohua
Published: July 2024

In this study, the challenges of brittleness and flammability in Polyamide 6/glass fiber (PA6/GF) composites, which are crucial for heat‐resistant and stress‐bearing structural parts, are addressed. Polyphosphazene (PZ) elastomers, known for their exceptional flame‐retardant properties, are introduced to enhance the robustness and safety of these composites. Specifically, poly(diaryloxy)phosphazene (PDAP) and poly(difluoroalkoxy)phosphazene (PDFP) are utilized, both contributing to the improved toughness and flame resistance of the PA6/GF composites. Experimental results show that PDAP mainly played the role of solid‐phase flame retardant, while PDFP mainly acted the role of gas‐phase flame retardant. For PA/PZs composites without adding GF, PDFP plays a more efficient flame retardant effect than PDAP. By introducing 15 Vol% of PDFP, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the composite reached 26.1%, while the notched impact strength increased by 297%. For PA/PZs/GF composites, PDAP plays a better flame retardant role than PDFP. Under the action of 30 vol% GF and 15 vol% PDAP, the LOI of PA6/PDAP/GF composite reached 26.8%, and the notch impact strength improved to 18.7 kJ/m2, which is 165% higher than that of PA6/GF, and the UL‐94 test reaches V‐0 level. The findings of the study highlight the potential of PDAP and PDFP to act as dual‐function modifiers. These modifiers can considerably ameliorate both the impact resistance and flame retardancy of PA6 and PA6/GF composites. Such dual enhancement surpasses the typical trade‐offs seen in conventional composites, indicating a constructive direction for future material innovation.

Highlights

Polyphosphazenes simultaneously enhance PA6's toughness & flame resistance.

Distinct flame retardant mechanisms found in PDAP and PDFP.

GF presence alters PDAP and PDFP's flame retardant efficacy.

PDAP shows superior flame resistance in GF‐reinforced PA6 composites.

Without GF, PDFP outperforms PDAP in enhancing flame retardancy.
Trypsin‐encoding gene function of efficient star polycation nanomaterial‐mediated dsRNA feeding delivery system of Grapholita molesta
Authors: Lv Dongbiao , Kassen Kuanysh , Men Chunxiao , Yang Xiaoyan , Pan Dandan , Wang Xuecheng , Wang Nan , Wang Ping , Yuan Xiangqun , Li Yiping
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Grapholita molesta is an important and harmful fruit pest worldwide, with widespread feeding hosts. Trypsin, an indispensable hydrolytic digestive protease in the insect gut, is crucial in digestion, growth and development. We analyzed the characteristics of the trypsin‐encoding genes, screened for the optimal dose of RNAi mediated by nanocarriers, and investigated various indices of larval growth and development of G. molesta.

RESULTS

Gut content (GC) and RNase A degraded double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), with a faster degradation rate at higher concentrations. Star polycation (SPc) nanomaterials protected dsGFP from degradation by anion–cation binding and did not migrate through agarose gel. The key conserved motifs of the trypsin‐encoding genes were similar, exhibiting high homology with those in other lepidopteran insects. An interference efficiency of ≈70% was achieved with SPc nanomaterial‐mediated RNA interference with 0.05 μg dsRNA. The efficiency of continuous interference was stable. Trypsin activity, body weight of 8‐day‐old larvae, pupal weight and emergence rate were significantly reduced, and the larval stage was significantly prolonged.

CONCLUSION

The investigated trypsin gene is a key target gene in the growth and development of G. molesta. We investigated the efficiency and convenience of feeding SPc nanomaterials in a functional study of insects. Our results provide valuable data for the development of efficient trypsin‐targeting pesticides. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development and Optimization of the Extrusion of Potato Peel–Based Biocomposite Films
Authors: Miescher Susanna , Hülsmann Lina , Yildirim Selçuk
Published: July 2024

Side streams from the agricultural and food industries are considered an interesting alternative source for the production of packaging materials due to their composition. However, their use often involves complex and energy‐intensive extraction of individual components. Therefore, this study investigated the application of entire potato peels, without prior extraction, to produce extruded films. Potato peels (PP) and biobased polybutylene succinate adipate (BioPBS) at 1:0, 3:2, 1:1 and 2:3 ratios were used to produce pellets and films in a two‐stage extrusion process. The influence of PP concentration, the addition of maleic anhydride and tartaric acid as compatibilizers and the addition of carnauba wax on the film properties were characterized in terms of morphological, mechanical, physicochemical and thermal properties. Films with a high PP content (50%–100%) showed weak mechanical properties. However, increasing the BioPBS content to PP/PBS 2:3 resulted in a significant increase in tensile strength and elongation at break to 6.20 MPa and 38.09%, respectively, and significantly reduced the water vapour permeability of the film to 5.5 × 10−6 gm/m2 d Pa. The use of 1% maleic anhydride had no significant effect on tensile strength (6.23 MPa), but further increased the elasticity to 65.48%, with no additional effect on barrier properties. The addition of 0.5% tartaric acid showed a similar elongation at break (56.23%) while significantly increasing the tensile strength to 6.56 MPa. The incorporation of 5% carnauba wax increased the surface hydrophobicity of the films from 69.5° to 99.7°, but at the expense of a decrease in mechanical properties.
Unravelling the Influence of Perforation Sizes on Physicochemical, Sensory and Microbial Attributes of Modified Atmosphere Packaged Refrigerated Chicken Patties
Authors: Ayesha Kaneez , Khalid Samran , Chaudhary Kashmala , Ansar Sadia , Zahid Muqaddas , Hassan Syed Ali , Bashir Nadia , Naeem Muhammad , Ashraf Jahan Zaib , Onyeaka Helen
Published: July 2024

The changes in lifestyle patterns and the adoption of a busy life have led to the widespread acceptance of ready‐to‐cook (RTC) products, particularly meat products. Chicken patties, being a preprocessed RTC product, are consumed worldwide. This study investigates the impact of perforated modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the physicochemical, sensory and microbial attributes of chicken patties stored at 4 °C for 14 days. The focus is on assessing the consequences of package damage occurring at any stage of the supply chain. Perforations measuring 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm were introduced into polypropylene packaging boxes, wherein chicken patties were subsequently packaged under five distinct gas concentrations of CO2 (ranging from 0% to 50%) and O2 (ranging from 0% to 50%), alongside a constant level of 50% N2. A control group containing normal air along with perforations was included for comparison with other groups containing modified atmospheres. The results indicated that the package (PPCON9) with the highest concentration of CO2 (50%) and the lowest O2 (0%) with 0.2 mm perforations was the most effective in preserving the quality attributes of chicken patties during storage by reducing moisture loss (3%), protein denaturation (0.38%), lipid oxidation (0.54%), cooking loss (0.72%), shrinkage (0.18%), water holding capacity (5.67%), sensory losses and microbial spoilage. The highest losses occurred in the package with 0.4 mm perforations containing normal air (PPA2). The study highlights that even if a package containing a modified atmosphere is damaged, it still efficiently preserves the chicken patties compared to a damaged package containing normal air. However, leakage significantly impacts the efficiency of MAP, necessitating effective solutions to prevent losses that occur from this issue.
Combining robotics and 3D printing facilitates closed reduction of humeral shaft fractures using a minimally invasive plate as a reduction template: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Liang Jinghao , Yang Hongju
Published: July 2024

Background

Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for humeral shaft fractures (HSFs) has limitations due to malreduction and radiation exposure. To address these limitations, we integrated robotics and 3D printing by incorporating plates as reduction templates.

Method

The innovative technology facilitated closed reduction of HSFs in the operating theatre using 18 models with cortical marking holes. The dataset of the precontoured plate was imported into 3D planning software for virtual fixation and screw path planning. The models were divided into half to simulate transverse fractures. During the operation, the software generated drilling trajectories for robot navigation, and precise plate installation achieved automatic fracture reduction.

Results

The evaluation results of reduction accuracy revealed variations in length, apposition, alignment, and rotation that meet the criteria for anatomic reduction. High interoperator reliabilities were observed for all parameters.

Conclusions

The proposed technology achieved anatomic reduction in simulated bones.
Effects of perirenal fat thickness on postoperative renal dysfunction in patients who underwent robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy for renal tumours
Authors: Nishikawa Ryoma , Morizane Shuichi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Yamane Hiroshi , Shimizu Ryutaro , Kimura Yusuke , Yamaguchi Noriya , Hikita Katsuya , Honda Masashi , Takenaka Atsushi
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite partial nephrectomy (PN) renal function preservation benefits, postoperative renal dysfunction may occur. Perirenal fat thickness (PFT) is associated with renal dysfunction such as diabetes; however, its role in renal tumour surgery is unclear. This study investigates the role of PFT in renal function after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).

Methods

Pre‐operative factors for postoperative renal dysfunction were analysed in 156 patients undergoing RAPN with ≥1‐year follow‐up. PFT measured using computed tomography categorised patients with PFT >21.0 mm (median) as high‐PFT.

Results

Tumour size, total R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score and its N component, renal calyx opening, achievement of trifecta, and PFT were risk factors for renal dysfunction 1 year postoperatively. Age ≥75 years (p = 0.024), total RNS ≥7 (p = 0.036), and PFT >21.0 mm (p = 0.002) significantly correlated with postoperative renal dysfunction.

Conclusions

CT‐measured PFT is a valuable predictor of postoperative renal dysfunction.
Hepatitis A in Latin America: The current scenario
Authors: Ré Viviana E. , Ridruejo Ezequiel , Fantilli Anabella C. , Moutinho Bruna Damásio , Pisano María Belén , Pessoa Mário Guimarães
Published: July 2024

This review aims to gather and disseminate updated information regarding hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Latin America (LA) in the last 11 years, including seroprevalence, post‐vaccination studies, virus detection in aqueous matrices and food samples, and outbreak reports. Only 24 seroprevalence studies were published between 2012 and 2023 with 55%–100% reported prevalences of anti‐HAV IgG. Among the 25 LA countries, only eight of them have introduced HAV vaccines into their immunisation programs. Outbreaks of hepatitis A occurred between 2017–2019, mainly affecting men who have sex with men in Argentina, Brazil and Chile, probably as a consequence of the abrupt decline of young adults' immunity. This could be due to that young adult have never been infected in childhood (due to socio‐health improvements) and are above the cut‐off ages to be included when the vaccination programs were introduced. Although scarce, studies focused on environmental and food HAV surveillance have shown viral presence in these samples. Surface waters presented HAV detections between 1.2% and 86.7%, and untreated wastewaters between 2.8% and 70.9%. Genotypes found in all cases were IA and IC. The only wastewater‐based epidemiology study showed to be a useful tool as a complement of traditional epidemiological surveillance. Only four LA countries have looked for HAV in food samples, with genome detection rates between 9% and 33%. Latin American HAV circulation scenario is changing. In countries where socioeconomic and sanitary conditions have not improved, the virus persists with high endemicity and the access to the vaccine should be re‐evaluated by local governments. In countries where access to clean water, better sanitary conditions and HAV immunisation programs have been implemented, the number of cases among young adults seems to be increasing, alerting health authorities.
Epigenetics and Ultraviolet Radiation: Implications for Skin Ageing and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Barnes Bethany M. , Shyne Anya , Gunn David A. , Griffiths Christopher E. M. , Watson Rachel E. B.
Published: July 2024

Recent published data have highlighted the importance of epigenetics in the response of the skin to recreational and therapeutic ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. ‘Epi’—from the Greek επί, meaning over, outside of or around—relates to the chemical modifications that occur on top of the DNA sequence (for example, DNA methylation) and its associated proteins (e.g. histone modifications, including methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation). These epigenetic processes, collectively called the ‘epigenome’, dictate the three-dimensional conformation of the DNA, thus impacting upon gene expression and genomic stability. Given that epigenetic changes are long-lived and mitotically heritable, an accumulation of epigenetic perturbations likely influence the pathogenesis of the chronic consequences of UVR exposure, including photoageing and skin cancer risk. In this review, we describe the multifarious epigenetic effects elicited by UVR in the skin. We further speculate on the underlying molecular mechanisms that may direct epigenetic changes, such as oxidative stress and changes in metabolism, and their impact on skin health and disease.
A Systematic Review of Outcome Measures Evaluating Treatment Efficacy in Vulval Lichen Sclerosus and Evaluation Of Patients’ Priorities
Authors: Jasionowska Sara , Almadori Aurora , Goble Mary , Langridge Benjamin J. , Iakovou Despoina , Kamel Fady , McKenzie Milla , Mclean Allan , Boyle Deborah , Zenner Nicole , Swale Victoria , Butler Peter E. M.
Published: July 2024

Vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS) is an inflammatory skin disease characterised by itching, apareunia, loss of vulval architecture and scarring. Heterogeneity in outcome reporting precludes comparison between treatments. This study aimed to systematically review outcome measures used to evaluate the efficacy of VLS treatments and present patients’ treatment priorities. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines using a registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022356738). Multiple databases were searched, along with grey literature on Clinicaltrials.gov, European Union Clinical Trials and International Standard Randomised controlled trial (RCT) registries. All RCTs assessing any treatment for VLS were eligible for inclusion. A total of 775 patients were assessed across 21 RCTs. The assessment tools reported outcomes in the following domains: patient-reported symptoms assessed with one validated scale in 12 studies and seven non-validated scales in nine studies; sexual function with validated female sexual function index and female sexual distress scale in two studies and two non-validated scales in two studies; quality of life with three validated scales in three studies and clinician-reported objective outcomes with two validated scales in three studies and six non-validated scales in fourteen studies. Histological changes were assessed in 10 studies and tissue biomechanics in one study. We also carried out an online survey completed by 809 women with VLS to assess their research and disease treatment priorities and identified validated outcome measures to assess these. There is high variability in assessing treatment outcomes for VLS. We identified validated assessment tools which could be implemented in VLS studies to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.
Autistic children and their parents in the context of war: Preliminary findings
Authors: Rozenblat Shir , Nitzan Tanya , Matz Vaisman Tamar , Shusel Ronit , Rum Yonat , Ashtamker Michal , Golan Ofer , Dinstein Ilan , Koller Judah
Published: July 2024

While existing literature on the intersection of trauma and autism is limited, emerging evidence suggests heightened vulnerability of autistic children to the psychological consequences of traumatic events, including an elevated risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Additionally, parents of autistic children often experience elevated levels of negative emotional states, compared to parents of typically developing children. This study investigates the impact of terrorism and war on autistic and non‐autistic children and their parents, presenting preliminary results from the initial data collection phase of a year‐long longitudinal investigation of the experience of autistic children and their parents following Hamas' 7 October 2023 attack on Israel. Data gathered within 30 days of the initial attack reveal that both autistic and non‐autistic children exhibited clinically significant post‐traumatic stress symptoms, with autistic children demonstrating a more pronounced manifestation. Moreover, parents of autistic children reported significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in the aftermath of the events, compared to an independent cohort of parents of autistic children assessed prior to the crisis. These results underscore the heightened susceptibility of autistic children to post‐traumatic stress and the unique challenges confronted by their parents during times of conflict. The study highlights the imperative for tailored support services for autistic children and their families amidst traumatic incidents and stresses the need for further research in comparable contexts globally.
Aptamer‐Functionalized Magnetic Ti3C2 Based Nanoplatform for Simultaneous Enrichment and Detection of Exosomes
Authors: Cui Hongyuan , Zheng Tianfang , Qian Nana , Fu Xueqi , Li Aijun , Xing Shu , Wang Xiao‐Feng
Published: July 2024

Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by cells, which play a crucial role in various pathological processes. Exosomes have shown great promise as tumor biomarkers because of the abundant secretion during tumor formation. The development of a convenient, efficient, and cost‐effective method for simultaneously enriching and detecting exosomes is of utmost importance for both basic research and clinical applications. In this study, an aptamer‐functionalized magnetic Ti3C2 composite material (Fe3O4@Ti3C2@PEI@DSP@aptamer@FAM‐ssDNA) is prepared for the simultaneous enrichment and detection of exosomes. CD63 aptamers are utilized to recognize and capture the exosomes, followed by magnetic separation. The exosomes are then released by cleaving the disulfide bonds of DSP. Compared to traditional methods, Fe3O4@Ti3C2@PEI@DSP@aptamer@FAM‐ssDNA exhibited superior efficiency in enriching exosomes while preserving their structural and functional integrity. Detection of exosome concentration is achieved through the fluorescence quenching of Ti3C2 and the competitive binding between the exosomes and a fluorescently labeled probe. This method exhibited a low detection limit of 4.21 × 104 particles mL−1, a number that is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art method in the detection of exosomes. The present study demonstrates a method of simultaneous enrichment and detection of exosomes with a high sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, and cost‐effectiveness providing significant potential for clinical research and diagnosis.
Twin Boundaries‐Induced Centrosymmetric Breaking of Hollow CaTiO3 Nanocuboids for Piezocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhou Hong , Cao Jing , Ji Yehuan , Xia Mengyao , Yao Weifeng
Published: July 2024

Piezocatalysis, a transformative mechanochemical energy conversion technique, has received considerable attention over the past decade for its role in processes such as hydrogen evolution from water. Despite notable progress in the field, challenges remain, particularly in the areas of limited piezocatalysis efficiency and limited availability of materials requiring a non‐centrosymmetric structure. Here, a pioneering contribution is presented by elucidating the piezocatalytic properties of hollow CaTiO3 nanocuboids, a centrosymmetric material with a nominally nonpolar state. Remarkably, CaTiO3 nanocuboids exhibit an impressive hydrogen production rate of 3.44 mmol g−1 h−1 under ultrasonic vibrations, surpassing the performance of the well‐established piezocatalyst BaTiO3 (2.23 mmol g−1 h−1). In contrast, commercial CaTiO3 nanoparticles do not exhibit piezocatalytic performance. The exceptional performance of hollow CaTiO3 nanocuboids is attributed to the abundance presence of twin boundaries on the {110} facet within its crystal structure, which can impart significant polarization strength to CaTiO3. Extending the investigation to other centrosymmetric materials, such as SrZrO3 and BaZrO3, the experimental results also demonstrate their commendable properties for piezocatalytic hydrogen production from water. This research underscores the significant potential of centrosymmetric materials in piezocatalysis.
3D‐Printed Hydrogels with High‐Strength and Anisotropy Mediated by Chain Rigidity
Authors: Kong Deshuai , Li Yunmeng , Yang Biao , Pang Yaokun , Yuan Hua , Du Cong , Tan Yeqiang
Published: July 2024

Extrusion‐based 3D printing is a facile technology to construct complex structures of hydrogels, especially for tough hydrogels that have shown demonstrated potential in load‐bearing materials and tissue engineering. However, 3D‐printed hydrogels often possess mechanical properties that do not guarantee their usage in tissue‐mimicking, load‐bearing components, and motion sensors. This study proposes a novel strategy to construct high‐strength and anisotropic Fe3+ cross‐linked poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)/sodium alginate double network hydrogels. The semi‐flexible sodium alginate chains act as a “conformation regulator” to promote the formation of strong intermolecular interactions between polymer chains and lock the more extended conformation exerted by the pre‐stretch, enabling the construction of 3D‐printed hydrogel structures with high orientation. The equilibrated anisotropic hydrogel filaments with a water content of 50–60 wt.% exhibit outstanding mechanical properties (tensile strength: 9–44 MPa; elongation at break: 120–668%; Young's modulus: 7–62 MPa; toughness: 26–52 MJ m−3). 3D‐printed anisotropic hydrogel structures with high mechanical performance show demonstrated potential as loading‐bearing structures and electrodes of flexible triboelectric nanogenerators for versatile human motion sensing.
A Multifunctional Secondary Based on Heterogeneous Co‐MnO@NC for Depth‐Induced Deposition and Conversion of Polysulfides in Li─S Batteries
Authors: He Kaiquan , Yang Hangqi , Wu Xiaowei , Feng Junlong , Hu Pu , Shang Chaoqun
Published: July 2024

The conductive carbon‐based interlayer, as the secondary current collector in the self‐dissolving battery system, can effectively capture escaping cathode active materials, inducing deep release of remaining capacity. In the multi‐step reactions of Li─S batteries, the environmental tolerance of the conductive carbon‐based interlayer to polysulfides determines the inhibition of shuttle effects. Here, a modified metal–organic framework (Mn‐ZIF67) is utilized to obtain nitrogen‐doped carbon‐coated heterogeneous Co‐MnO (Co‐MnO@NC) with dual catalytic center for the functional interlayer materials. The synergistic coupling mechanism of NC and Co‐MnO achieves rapid deposition and conversion of free polysulfide and fragmented active sulfur on the secondary current collector, reducing capacity loss in the cathode. The Li─S battery with Co‐MnO@NC/PP separator maintains an initial capacity of 1050 mAh g−1 (3C) and excellent cycle stability (0.056% capacity decay rate). Under extreme testing conditions (S load = 5.82 mg cm−2, E/S = 9.1 µL mg−1), a reversible capacity of 501.36 mAh g−1 is observed after 200 cycles at 0.2 C, showing good further practical reliability. This work demonstrates the advancement application of Co‐MnO@NC bimetallic heterojunctions catalysts in the secondary current collector for high‐performance Li─S batteries, thereby providing guidance for the development of interlayer in various dissolution systems.
Tailoring Mott−Schottky RuO2/MgFe‐LDH Heterojunctions in Electrospun Microfibers: A Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Nagappan Sreenivasan , Jayan Rahul , Rajagopal Nisarga , Krishnan Adithya V , Islam Md Mahbubul , Kundu Subrata
Published: July 2024

Hydrogen is a fuel of the future that has the potential to replace conventional fossil fuels in several applications. The quickest and most effective method of producing pure hydrogen with no carbon emissions is water electrolysis. Developing highly active electrocatalysts is crucial due to the slow kinetics of oxygen and hydrogen evolution, which limit the usage of precious metals in water splitting. Interfacial engineering of heterostructures has sparked widespread interest in improving charge transfer efficiency and optimizing adsorption/desorption energetics. The emergence of a built‐in‐electric field between RuO2 and MgFe‐LDH improves the catalytic efficiency toward water splitting reaction. However, LDH‐based materials suffer from poor conductivity, necessitating the design of 1D materials by integration of RuO2/ MgFe‐LDH to enhance catalytic properties through large surface areas and high electronic conductivity. Experimental results demonstrate lower overpotentials (273 and 122 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and remarkable stability (60 h) for the RuO2/MgFe‐LDH/Fiber heterostructure in OER (1 m KOH) and HER (0.5 m H2SO4) reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) unveils a synergistic mechanism at the RuO2/MgFe‐LDH interface, leading to enhanced catalytic activity in OER and improved adsorption energy for hydrogen atoms, thereby facilitating HER catalysis.
Enhanced Interfacial Electron Transfer in Photocatalyst‐Natural Enzyme Coupled Artificial Photosynthesis System: Tuning Strategies and Molecular Simulations
Authors: Lou Xiaoxuan , Zhang Chen , Xu Zhiyong , Ge Shengbo , Zhou Jian , Qin Deyu , Qin Fanzhi , Zhang Xin , Guo Zhanhu , Wang Chongchen
Published: July 2024

Laccase is capable of catalyzing a vast array of reactions, but its low redox potential limits its potential applications. The use of photocatalytic materials offers a solution to this problem by converting absorbed visible light into electrons to facilitate enzyme catalysis. Herein, MIL‐53(Fe) and NH2‐MIL‐53(Fe) serve as both light absorbers and enzyme immobilization carriers, and laccase is employed for solar‐driven chemical conversion. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy results confirm that visible light irradiation causes rapid transfer of photogenerated electrons from MOF excitation to T1 Cu(II) of laccase, significantly increasing the degradation rate constant of tetracycline (TC) from 0.0062 to 0.0127 min−1. Conversely, there is only minimal or no electron transfer between MOF and laccase in the physical mixture state. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the immobilization of laccase's active site and its covalent binding to the metal‐organic framework surface augment the coupled system's activity, reducing the active site accessible from 27.8 to 18.1 Å. The constructed photo‐enzyme coupled system successfully combines enzyme catalysis’ selectivity with photocatalysis's high reactivity, providing a promising solution for solar energy use.