bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutics for Graft-versus-Host Disease: From Conventional Therapies to Novel Virotherapeutic Strategies
Authors: Villa Nancy , Rahman Masmudur , McFadden Grant , Cogle Christopher
Published: March 2016

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has a curative potential for many hematologic malignancies and blood diseases. However, the success of allo-HSCT is limited by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), an immunological syndrome that involves inflammation and tissue damage mediated by donor lymphocytes. Despite immune suppression, GVHD is highly incident even after allo-HSCT using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. Therefore, alternative and more effective therapies are needed to prevent or control GVHD while preserving the beneficial graft-versus-cancer (GVC) effects against residual disease. Among novel therapeutics for GVHD, oncolytic viruses such as myxoma virus (MYXV) are receiving increased attention due to their dual role in controlling GVHD while preserving or augmenting GVC. This review focuses on the molecular basis of GVHD, as well as state-of-the-art advances in developing novel therapies to prevent or control GVHD while minimizing impact on GVC. Recent literature regarding conventional and the emerging therapies are summarized, with special emphasis on virotherapy to prevent GVHD. Recent advances using preclinical models with oncolytic viruses such as MYXV to ameliorate the deleterious consequences of GVHD, while maintaining or improving the anti-cancer benefits of GVC will be reviewed.
A Rare Case of Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis with Sphingomonas koreensis
Authors: Wallner Julia , Frei Reno , Burkhalter Felix
Published: March 2016

Sphingomonas species are ubiquitous gram-negative, aerobic bacteria frequently found in aquatic environments such as drinking water and very seldom in hemodialysis fluids or supposedly sterile drug solutions. Human infections with the gram-negative Sphingomonas species are rare and peritonitis with these organisms even rarer. Here we report a case of polymicrobial peritonitis due to Sphingomonas koreensis and Escherichia coli in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).
Ultrafiltration Failure and Impaired Sodium Sieving during Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis: More than Aquaporin Dysfunction?
Authors: Morelle Johann , Sow Amadou , Hautem Nicolas , Devuyst Olivier , Goffin Eric
Published: March 2016

Fifteen years ago, our group reported the case of a 67-year-old man on peritoneal dialysis for 11 years, in whom ultrafiltration failure and impaired sodium sieving were associated with an apparently normal expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channels in peritoneal capillaries. At that time, AQP1 dysfunction was suggested as the cause of impaired free-water transport. However, recent data from computer simulations, and structural and functional analysis of the peritoneal membrane of patients with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, demonstrated that changes in the peritoneal interstitium directly alter osmotic water transport. In light of these insights, we challenge the initial hypothesis and provide several lines of evidence supporting the diagnosis of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in this patient and suggesting that severe peritoneal fibrosis accounted for the loss of osmotic conductance developed during the course of peritoneal dialysis.
OPTIMIZATION OF AN URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM ON THE CONDITION OF DIFFERENT GOALS OF MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES, OPERATORS AND PASSENGERS
Authors: Koryagin Mark , Katargin Vladimir
Published: March 2016

A control system of urban passenger transport is considered. The system participants are a passenger flow, a transport operator and municipal authorities. The participants’ strategies include a travel mode choice, a frequency of public transport service, and a road capacity. Objective functions are transport costs, public transport profit, road costs, and travel time. The passenger flow heterogeneity is based on the value of time that has an exponential distribution. The total costs of passenger flow depend on the probability of the travel mode choice. The dependence between travel time, roads capacity, and traffic is based on Greenshields model. The authorities’ objective consists of travel time and road costs, which can be changed by the road capacity. The game theoretic approach is applied to describe the control system. The existence of Nash equilibrium for coalition-free games for two (the passenger flow and the authorities and three (with addition of public transport) players is proved. The characteristics of urban passenger transport were studied based on a numerical example.
THE ANATOMY OF A LONG GAMMA-RAY BURST: A SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION SCHEME FOR THE EMISSION MECHANISM(S)
Authors: Bégué D. , Burgess J. Michael
Published: March 2016

Ultra-relativistic motion and efficient conversion of kinetic energy to radiation are required by gamma-ray burst (GRB) observations, yet they are difficult to simultaneously achieve. Three leading mechanisms have been proposed to explain the observed emission emanating from GRB outflows: radiation from either relativistic internal or external shocks, or thermal emission from a photosphere. Previous works were dedicated to independently treating these three mechanisms and arguing for a sole, unique origin of the prompt emission of GRBs. In contrast, herein, we first explain why all three models are valid mechanisms and that a contribution from each of them is expected in the prompt phase. Additionally, we show that a single parameter, the dimensionless entropy of the GRB outflow, determines which mechanism contributes the most to the emission. More specifically, internal shocks dominate for low values of the dimensionless entropy, external shocks for intermediate values, and finally, photospheric emission for large values. We present a unified framework for the emission mechanisms of GRBs with easily testable predictions for each process.
THE NEXT GENERATION VIRGO CLUSTER SURVEY. VII. THE INTRINSIC SHAPES OF LOW-LUMINOSITY GALAXIES IN THE CORE OF THE VIRGO CLUSTER, AND A COMPARISON WITH THE LOCAL GROUP
Authors: Sánchez-Janssen Rubén , Ferrarese Laura , MacArthur Lauren A. , Côté Patrick , Blakeslee John P. , Cuillandre Jean-Charles , Duc Pierre-Alain , Durrell Patrick , Gwyn Stephen , McConnacchie Alan W. , Boselli Alessandro , Courteau Stéphane , Emsellem Eric , Mei Simona , Peng Eric , Puzia Thomas H. , Roediger Joel , Simard Luc , Boyer Fred , Santos Matthew
Published: March 2016

We investigate the intrinsic shapes of low-luminosity galaxies in the central 300 kpc of the Virgo Cluster using deep imaging obtained as part of the Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). We build a sample of nearly 300 red-sequence cluster members in the yet-unexplored −14 < M

g
 < −8 mag range, and we measure their apparent axis ratios, q, through Sérsic fits to their two-dimensional light distribution, which is well described by a constant ellipticity parameter. The resulting distribution of apparent axis ratios is then fit by families of triaxial models with normally distributed intrinsic ellipticities, E = 1 − C/A, and triaxialities, T = (A
2 − B
2)/(A
2 − C
2). We develop a Bayesian framework to explore the posterior distribution of the model parameters, which allows us to work directly on discrete data, and to account for individual, surface-brightness-dependent axis ratio uncertainties. For this population we infer a mean intrinsic ellipticity

 = 

 and a mean triaxiality

 = 

. This implies that faint Virgo galaxies are best described as a family of thick, nearly oblate spheroids with mean intrinsic axis ratios 1:0.94:0.57. The core of Virgo lacks highly elongated low-luminosity galaxies, with 95% of the population having q > 0.45. We additionally attempt a study of the intrinsic shapes of Local Group (LG) satellites of similar luminosities. For the LG population we infer a slightly larger mean intrinsic ellipticity

 = 

, and the paucity of objects with round apparent shapes translates into more triaxial mean shapes, 1:0.76:0.49. Numerical studies that follow the tidal evolution of satellites within LG-sized halos are in good agreement with the inferred shape distributions, but the mismatch for faint galaxies in Virgo highlights the need for more adequate simulations of this population in the cluster environment. We finally compare the intrinsic shapes of NGVS low-mass galaxies with samples of more massive quiescent systems, and with field, star-forming galaxies of similar luminosities. We find that the intrinsic flattening in this low-luminosity regime is almost independent of the environment in which the galaxy resides, but there is a hint that objects may be slightly rounder in denser environments. The comparable flattening distributions of low-luminosity galaxies that have experienced very different degrees of environmental effects suggest that internal processes are the main drivers of galaxy structure at low masses, with external mechanisms playing a secondary role.
PERSISTENT ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURE OF SAGITTARIUS A* ON EVENT HORIZON SCALES
Authors: Fish Vincent L. , Johnson Michael D. , Doeleman Sheperd S. , Broderick Avery E. , Psaltis Dimitrios , Lu Ru-Sen , Akiyama Kazunori , Alef Walter , Algaba Juan Carlos , Asada Keiichi , Beaudoin Christopher , Bertarini Alessandra , Blackburn Lindy , Blundell Ray , Bower Geoffrey C. , Brinkerink Christiaan , Cappallo Roger , Chael Andrew A. , Chamberlin Richard , Chan Chi-Kwan , Crew Geoffrey B. , Dexter Jason , Dexter Matt , Dzib Sergio A. , Falcke Heino , Freund Robert , Friberg Per , Greer Christopher H. , Gurwell Mark A. , Ho Paul T. P. , Honma Mareki , Inoue Makoto , Johannsen Tim , Kim Junhan , Krichbaum Thomas P. , Lamb James , León-Tavares Jonathan , Loeb Abraham , Loinard Laurent , MacMahon David , Marrone Daniel P. , Moran James M. , Mościbrodzka Monika , Ortiz-León Gisela N. , Oyama Tomoaki , Özel Feryal , Plambeck Richard L. , Pradel Nicolas , Primiani Rurik A. , Rogers Alan E. E. , Rosenfeld Katherine , Rottmann Helge , Roy Alan L. , Ruszczyk Chester , Smythe Daniel L. , SooHoo Jason , Spilker Justin , Stone Jordan , Strittmatter Peter , Tilanus Remo P. J. , Titus Michael , Vertatschitsch Laura , Wagner Jan , Wardle John F. C. , Weintroub Jonathan , Woody David , Wright Melvyn , Yamaguchi Paul , Young André , Young Ken H. , Zensus J. Anton , Ziurys Lucy M.
Published: March 2016

The Galactic Center black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) is a prime observing target for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), which can resolve the 1.3 mm emission from this source on angular scales comparable to that of the general relativistic shadow. Previous EHT observations have used visibility amplitudes to infer the morphology of the millimeter-wavelength emission. Potentially much richer source information is contained in the phases. We report on 1.3 mm phase information on Sgr A* obtained with the EHT on a total of 13 observing nights over four years. Closure phases, which are the sum of visibility phases along a closed triangle of interferometer baselines, are used because they are robust against phase corruptions introduced by instrumentation and the rapidly variable atmosphere. The median closure phase on a triangle including telescopes in California, Hawaii, and Arizona is nonzero. This result conclusively demonstrates that the millimeter emission is asymmetric on scales of a few Schwarzschild radii and can be used to break 180° rotational ambiguities inherent from amplitude data alone. The stability of the sign of the closure phase over most observing nights indicates persistent asymmetry in the image of Sgr A* that is not obscured by refraction due to interstellar electrons along the line of sight.
Le dédoublement de la fonction guerrière
Authors: Hoffmann Christian
Published: March 2016

Si on ne veut pas que la mort de Dieu soit un suicide où la seule transcendance est la bombe 1 , alors il faut prendre au sérieux qu’aucune société n’est possible sans la force liante de la parole. Adonis 2 ne contredirait certainement pas ce propos de Moustapha Safouan dans La parole ou la mort. Essai sur la division du sujet 3 .
Le libre jeu de l’effet d’art
Authors: Rieusset-Lemarié Isabelle
Published: March 2016

Cet article analyse l’incidence du découpage art / non-art sur la hiérarchie implicite des expériences qui sous-tend la hiérarchie explicite des arts. Parmi la diversité des expériences prédisposées par un « effet d’art », il se focalise sur l’expérience privilégiée du « libre jeu du plaisir libre » dont il met à jour l’évolution historique, de la charis (dans la période antique de l’« art élargi ») à ses nouveaux enjeux spécifiques dans l’esthétique de Kant.
Une mixture empoisonnée
Authors: Bowles Henry
Published: March 2016

Cet article démontre que le spectre d’une « intermédialité » ou d’une « transversalité » esthétique entre les arts verbaux et les arts « silencieux » est la source d’une angoisse profonde et la cause d’une polémique tenace dans la poétique gréco-romaine. À la ressemblance du discours aux arts « spatiaux » est attribuée continûment la corruption de vérité référentielle dans la littérature. Néanmoins, comme les interventions canoniques sur la question du visuel de Plutarque, Démétrios et Quintilien dans la littérature le révèleront, ce rejet témoigne d’une inquiétude déplacée. Dans la capacité d’assouvir le monde temporel à l’œil de l’esprit au moyen de l’artifice, les arts spatiaux forment le miroir où le poétique reconnaît et refoule l’inventivité ontologique au cœur de la discursivité. Le fait que le dix-neuvième siècle marque la fin de la polémique classique contre la transversalité esthétique n’est pas contingent : la modernité esthétique est déterminée non seulement par une conciliation entre les arts mais également par une prise de possession consciente du potentiel ontologique du discours.
1. La dette des ménages comme solution ?
Authors: Lacan Laure
Published: March 2016

Le crédit aux ménages est progressivement devenu une solution pour différents acteurs, dont les pouvoirs publics : une façon de soutenir l’industrie nationale dans les années 1950 puis les banques dans les années 1980. Face au développement de l’endettement, la procédure de surendettement a été constituée comme une simple médiation entre particuliers et créanciers, de manière à ce que les difficultés de paiement ne se transforment pas en un poids supplémentaire pour l’aide sociale. L’impact de ces processus d’endettement des particuliers est cependant mal connu et difficile à appréhender. Outre le risque de transfert de la dette privée à la dette publique dans les périodes de récessions, il comporte des risques politiques et sociaux. En effet, les transformations du crédit et du surendettement se sont effectuées dans un cadre normatif non stabilisé, flou et contradictoire du point de vue des particuliers.
4. La dette publique, un problème politiquement construit ?
Authors: Duval Julien
Published: March 2016

Le problème de la dette publique peut être analysé à la lumière des travaux qui ont été consacrés en sociologie et en science politique à la construction des problèmes publics. En effet, la place centrale que la question de la dette publique occupe aujourd’hui dans le débat politique n’est pas seulement l’effet de sa gravité intrinsèque, mais d’une « prise de conscience » qui a été suscitée en France au milieu des années 2000 et qui a mis en avant une vision particulière de la dette. Celle-ci est aujourd’hui dominante dans les médias de grande diffusion et dans le débat politique. Si cette vision est parfois jugée erronée, il faut la voir, non pas comme une simple erreur, mais comme sorte d’erreur politiquement fondée qui est le résultat des luttes politiques de ces dernières décennies.
12. Qui va supporter le coût de la réduction des taux d’endettement publics ?
Authors: Artus Patrick , Gravet Isabelle
Published: March 2016

Selon les techniques envisagées, le coût de la réduction des taux d’endettement publics n’est pas supporté par les mêmes agents, et les choix qui devront être opérés par les différents gouvernements des pays de la zone euro méritent d’être étudiés en tenant compte du groupe d’agents économiques qui supportera la charge de la diminution des taux d’endettement. Le défaut sur une partie de la dette semble impossible dans la mesure où les systèmes de retraite publics et privés détiennent massivement des dettes publiques. Si on veut éviter que ce soit les générations futures ou les ménages à revenu faible qui supportent le poids de la réduction de la dette publique, il faut privilégier soit la monétisation, soit la vente d’actifs à leur valeur actualisée réelle, soit la hausse des impôts directs des ménages.
Croyez-vous pouvoir effacer le mal fait à un enfant ?
Authors: Dufour Jacques
Published: March 2016

Dans ce texte, l’auteur reprend la différenciation de Freud de deux courants de la sexualité infantile dont l’un porte le développement tandis que l’autre le perturbe mais en est le préalable. Il mettra en évidence l’articulation de deux processus de changement au sein du travail analytique : le processus de symbolisation source d’un changement interprétatif par substitution sur fonds d’objet perdu et le processus de transformation source d’un changement catastrophique par intervention de l’analyste en identification à une détresse du patient créent un lien primaire de parole.
La modalidad polifónica y sus efectos en tiempo de las Obras... de Antonio de Cabezón: la aportación de Pedro Cerone
Authors: Zaldívar Gracia Álvaro
Published: March 2016

A pesar de su abundancia de fuentes, pero también a causa de sus numerosas contradicciones y falta de pruebas suficientes y constantes, la relación entre los efectos que puede causar la música y el carácter propio de los distintos modos forma parte de la realidad musical occidental teórica y práctica desde el medievo hasta el barroco. La principal aportación de Pedro Cerone, uno de los pocos seguidores en España de la dodecamodalidad de Zarlino, es el lógico recordatorio de necesitar conjuntamente para causar tales efectos, además de la correspondiente modalidad, disponer también de un patrón de ritmo o metro afín, un buen texto y un receptor adecuado. Si lo primero y lo tercero goza de cierta tradición y fuentes, lo segundo resulta aún hoy una sugestiva incógnita para futuras investigaciones. Y la cuarta y última cosa que, según Cerone, interviene también en los efectos de la música, el oyente bien dispuesto, nos obliga a replantear radicalmente la recepción de este repertorio.
Lamentaciones del profeta Jeremías en Ciutadella de Menorca: Estudio y análisis del final polifónico de una fuente pretridentina
Authors: Escandell Guasch Jaume
Published: March 2016

Este artículo supone una primera aproximación a una fuente musical escrita inédita hasta el momento: tres bifolios sueltos de pergamino conservados en el Archivo Diocesano de Menorca que contienen fragmentos de las Lamentaciones del profeta Jeremías. Su uso es anterior al Concilio de Trento y presumiblemente se fijaron por escrito durante el siglo XV. Se trata de una versión monódica con la particularidad de que la sección final –correspondiente al capítulo 5 de las Lamentaciones–, reaparece tratada polifónicamente a tres voces siguiendo un lenguaje que se ajusta al procedimiento de fabordón. Se plantea, en primer lugar, una descripción general de las características y el contenido de estos documentos; y en segundo, se incide en el análisis, la organización musical y el tipo de lenguaje de la parte polifónica final.
Crítica musical y pensamiento estético en la España de la Restauración: José María Esperanza y Sola (1834-1905)
Authors: Sancho García Manuel
Published: March 2016

La crítica musical en la España de la Restauración tiene en José María Esperanza y Sola (1834-1905) una de sus plumas más representativas, activo durante treinta años, desde finales de la década de 1860 hasta las postrimerías del siglo. En el transcurso de esta etapa, Esperanza colaboraría en distintas publicaciones periódicas y, singularmente, la revista “La Ilustración Española y Americana”, desde cuyas páginas se asomará a la realidad musical española, dando cuenta de los sucesos musicales de mayor relevancia verificados en Madrid, juzgados según un ideario estético de corte netamente conservador, opuesto a toda novedad que contraviniese el sistema musical vigente. Sobre la base del pensamiento del crítico madrileño, nuestro estudio propone un recorrido a través de los diferentes bloques temáticos que integran su producción periodística.
¿Música o magia? La presentación de las ondas musicales de Maurice Martenot en España
Authors: Gil Noé José Vicente
Published: March 2016

En 1928, el músico francés Maurice Martenot presentó un nuevo instrumento musical electrónico en la Ópera de París al que llamó ondas musicales. Siendo uno de los pocos que gozó de éxito y que atrajo para sí la atención de los compositores, Martenot puso todo el empeño en su difusión ya desde una gira inicial que le llevó por todo el mundo entre 1931 y 1932. A partir de la información brindada por la prensa –pues no existen más referencias– este artículo pretende reconstruir la presentación del instrumento en España a lo largo de 1932, dar cuenta de la recepción por parte de la crítica y justificar cierto halo de misterio que lo envolvió tanto por su desconocido funcionamiento electrónico como por su forma de interpretarse solo con el movimiento de las manos en el espacio.
San Isidoro de León. Construcción y reconstrucción de una basílica románica
Authors: Utrero Agudo M.ª Á. , Murillo Fragero J. I.
Published: March 2016

Este artículo presenta los principales resultados obtenidos en el análisis arqueológico de los alzados de la basílica de San Isidoro de León, centrándose principalmente en aquellos que afectan a su concepción y evolución durante los siglos XI y XII. La extensa investigación que se ha ocupado de este edificio se caracteriza por un prolongado debate en torno a sus fases constructivas y al mecenazgo de la monarquía leonesa. El presente análisis constata una basílica originaria construida a mediados del siglo XI. Esta construcción será sustituida por otra de mayor escala y con transepto, la cual sufre una temprana ruina que afectará principalmente a la mitad occidental del aula. Tanto las bóvedas de ladrillo de esa zona como la Puerta del Cordero pertenecen a la obra de restauración de mediados del siglo XII.
Nuestra Señora de Tiermes (Montejo de Tiermes, Soria). De una ermita que antes fue monasterio y parroquia
Authors: Murillo José Ignacio , Moreno Francisco José
Published: March 2016

La ermita de Nuestra Señora de Tiermes (Soria), situada sobre el yacimiento romano, ha atraído, por un lado, el interés de aquellos dedicados al yacimiento, y por otro, de la investigación orientada a los problemas de la arquitectura románica de la provincia. Esto ha conllevado que en la actualidad la ermita cuente con una abultada nómina de publicaciones donde se enfrentan diferentes propuestas acerca de su origen. Para unos, es evidente el empleo de fábricas romanas o visigodas en la cabecera del templo y, para otros, su génesis no es anterior al periodo románico. En cualquier caso, sus fábricas originarias han sido la base de una dilatada secuencia de transformaciones. Con el objetivo de confirmar o corregir estas hipótesis, ofrecemos los resultados de la lectura de paramentos del edificio, enfrentándolos con las conclusiones de las investigaciones precedentes.
Secuencia constructiva de la iglesia de Nuestra Señora de Campanario en Almazán (Soria). Datos para la interpretación de sus estructuras románicas
Authors: Moreno Martín Francisco J. , Murillo Fragero José Ignacio
Published: March 2016

Se exponen los principales resultados obtenidos tras la lectura estratigráfica de un templo que, pese a su escala, ha suscitado un moderado interés en los estudios del románico soriano. La secuencia, que se prolonga hasta nuestros días, arroja interesantes datos acerca de un posible proceso de fortificación en época medieval así como sobre las dificultades experimentadas para su cierre definitivo. La imbricación de los datos arqueológicos con las referencias escritas conservadas nos ha permitido, además, documentar las intensas remodelaciones de la fábrica en la edad Moderna.
Oráculos burlados y Enigmas cómicos en Caballeros de Aristófanes
Authors: Bartoletti Tomás Joaquín
Published: March 2016

Este artículo se centra en la representación de la adivinación en Caballeros de Aristófanes. Con el objetivo de complementar la lectura en clave paródica con la que suelen interpretarse sus comedias, se analizarán elementos que dan cuenta del contexto socio-político y de la emergencia del movimiento sofístico. Para ello, se desarrollarán la denuncia a las estrategias demagógicas de Cleón, entre las que se encuentra la de «recitar oráculos» (v. 809), y la comparación con Temístocles, afamado por la manipulación de oráculos. En segunda instancia, el empleo cómico que hace Aristófanes de la retórica choca con las prácticas adivinatorias, cuya tradición se refiere a los alegoristas y los enigmas. De esta manera, se propone establecer conexiones con el contexto tanto en sus referencias a la política ateniense del siglo V a. C. como también con las prácticas mánticas en cuanto tales y la influencia sofística en la concepción del lenguaje y en el desarrollo de la retórica cómica de Aristófanes.
Hey Maths ! Modèles formels et computationnels au service des Beatles
Authors: Andreatta Moreno , Bergomi Mattia G. , Fabbri Franco
Published: March 2016

Cet article livre quelques réflexions sur les modèles formels et computationnels dans et pour les musiques populaires tout en mettant l’accent sur les chansons des Beatles. Après une présentation rapide des approches systématiques dans l’analyse de la forme, mais aussi des outils théoriques à la base de la représentation géométrique des structures et des processus musicaux (Tonnetz, constructions issues de la tradition analytique néo-riemannienne), les auteurs évoquent les questions que soulève l’analyse d’une collection de chansons des Beatles dès lors qu’on les envisage d’un point de vue formel et computationnel. En effet, si la forme et la structure des chansons des Beatles peuvent être étudiées sans recourir à des outils mathématiques, la modélisation informatique du processus de segmentation d’une pièce de musique, ainsi que les techniques issues du Music Information Retrieval, permettent d’approcher ces chansons d’un point de vue computationnel tout en posant la question de leur singularité par rapport à d’autres musiques elles aussi qualifiées de « populaires ».
« Tangerine trees and marmalade skies » : bouleversement culturel ou simple besoin d’évasion ?
Authors: Whiteley Sheila
Published: March 2016

Cet article examine les paroles de l’album Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band en cherchant à comprendre si elles traduisent un désir de fuir la réalité ou si elles expriment au contraire l’idée qu’une page est en train de se tourner, ouvrant ainsi la voie à la contre-culture britannique.
50 ans de Beatles studies
Authors: Julien Olivier
Published: March 2016

Cet article revient sur un demi-siècle de Beatles studies, dont l’histoire est ici envisagée à la lumière de l’essor de l’étude universitaire des musiques populaires depuis les années 1960. Tout en insistant sur la contribution des Fab Four à la légitimation de ce champ de recherche, l’auteur s’interroge sur le biais musicologique qui a longtemps caractérisé les travaux sur le groupe et sur la façon dont il a influencé le développement des popular music studies aux États-Unis, au Royaume-Uni, en Europe continentale et en Scandinavie.
Les Beatles, un « objet d’Histoire »
Authors: Lemonnier Bertrand
Published: March 2016

Les Beatles sont aujourd’hui considérés comme une donnée historique essentielle et irréductible des années 1960 en ce sens qu’ils signent l’acte de naissance de la culture jeune dans un contexte révolutionnaire et de Guerre froide au sein duquel la musique pop joue un rôle prépondérant. Cet article examine la façon dont les travaux de ce que l’on a appelé la « nouvelle histoire culturelle française » sur la culture de masse ont contribué, au-delà des éléments anecdotiques ou les aspects réservés aux rock studies, à légitimer les recherches sur le groupe parmi les historiens.
L’utilisation du studio d’enregistrement dans Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band
Authors: Thibault Matthieu
Published: March 2016

Parmi les nombreuses révolutions musicales opérées par les Beatles en 1967, la vision d’un album rock en tant qu’œuvre d’art cohérente et détachée du recueil de chansons s’est imposée comme un modèle pour l’histoire de la pop. Le processus de création à l’origine de Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, unissant les domaines de la composition, de l’arrangement et de l’interprétation, nécessite cinq mois de travail dans les studios anglais d’Abbey Road. Les musiciens se libèrent de la formation rock traditionnelle guitare, basse et batterie, pour inviter des instruments empruntés à l’orchestre classique, à la musique indienne ou au jazz. Assisté par son producteur et son ingénieur du son, le groupe expérimente de nouvelles possibilités sonores et repousse les limites technologiques en manipulant les bandes magnétiques et les effets sonores. Cet article décrit les différentes étapes de conception de Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band en étudiant l’apport des techniques du studio d’enregistrement et son usage novateur comparable à celui d’un outil de composition.
A Mosaic Approach to Abbey Road
Authors: MacFarlane Thomas
Published: March 2016

In September 1969, The Beatles released their final recorded work, Abbey Road, an album that perfects their unique and innovative approach to multi-track recording. Following an overview of the album that stresses the structural coherence of the Abbey Road Medley, the following discussion will consider the Abbey Road track “Because” using a mosaic approach designed to meet the recorded work on its own terms. Guided by Marshall McLuhan’s probes into the cultural effects of electronic media, this discussion will pay particular attention to the ways in which “Because” creates a living narrative in acoustical space. The implications of that narrative will then be examined in light of the Beatles’ engagement with electric technologies and the ways in which that engagement portends the media environments of the twenty-first century.
TGF-β–Induced Regulatory T Cells Directly Suppress B Cell Responses through a Noncytotoxic Mechanism
Authors: Xu Anping , Liu Ya , Chen Weiqian , Wang Julie , Xue Youqiu , Huang Feng , Rong Liming , Lin Jin , Liu Dahai , Yan Mei , Li Quan-Zhen , Li Bin , Song Jianxun , Olsen Nancy , Zheng Song Guo
Published: March 2016

Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) playing a crucial role in the maintenance of immune tolerance and prevention of autoimmune diseases consist of thymus-derived naturally occurring CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells (nTreg) and those that can be induced ex vivo with TGF-β (iTreg). Although both Treg subsets share similar phenotypes and functional characteristics, they also have potential biologic differences on their biology. The role of iTreg in regulating B cells remains unclear so far. The suppression assays of Treg subsets on activation, proliferation, and Abs production of B cells were measured using a Treg and B cell coculture system in vitro. Transwell and Ab blockade experiments were performed to assess the roles of cell contact and soluble cytokines. Treg were adoptively transferred to lupus mice to assess in vivo effects on B cells. Like nTreg, iTreg subset also directly suppressed activation and proliferation of B cells. nTreg subset suppressed B cell responses through cytotoxic manner related to expression of granzyme A, granzyme B, and perforin, whereas the role of iTreg subset on B cells did not involve in cytotoxic action but depending on TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, iTreg subset can significantly suppress Ab produced by lupus B cells in vitro. Comparison experiments using autoantibodies microarrays demonstrated that adoptive transfer of iTreg had a superior effect than nTreg subset on suppressing lupus B cell responses in vivo. Our data implicate a role and advantage of iTreg subset in treating B cell–mediated autoimmune diseases, boosting the translational potential of these findings.
Insulin therapy in the hospital setting: a time for a change?
Authors: Maffettone Ada , Rinaldi Massimo , Ussano Luigi , Fontanella Andrea
Published: March 2016

The number of people with diabetes mellitus worldwide is expected to be more than double from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. Approximately 25% of all hospital inpatient days are affected by diabetes. In Italy there are more than 12,000 hospitalizations excesses for 100,000 people per year, with a huge economic impact. Ever since its discovery in the 1920s, insulin has been the milestone of type 1 diabetes treatment and its use is increasingly necessary for the successful management of type 2 diabetes. Often patients believe that injecting insulin can be painful, inconvenient and embarrassing; generally they are afraid of gaining weight and of hypoglycemia. On the other side, physician’s concerns regarding insulin administration include potential dosing errors and patient non-compliance. Ever since its discovery in the mid-1920s, insulin was administered subcutaneously using a vial and syringe. In 1985 the first pen device was launched. Currently disposable insulin pens are the most used and preferred by patients in the daily use, but are not routinely used for diabetic inpatients. In this paper we will focus on the pros and cons of insulin administration with pens in the hospital setting.
Seasonal morphological variability in an in situ Cyanobacteria monoculture: example from a persistent Cylindrospermopsis bloom in Lake Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Lind Owen , Dávalos-Lind Laura , López Carlos , López Martin , Dyble Bressie Juli
Published: March 2016

The phrase cyanobacteria bloom implies a transient condition in which one to few species dominates communities. In this paper we describe a condition in which the bloom is of multi-year duration consisting of different morphologies of a single cyanobacteria species. Lake Catemaco, Veracruz, México maintained a year-round massive (108 trichomes L-1) population of potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria, Cylindrospermopsis spp. The trichomes are present as straight and coiled morphotypes.  The relative trichome morphology abundance varied with rainy (June – October) and dry seasons (November – May), but total trichome abundance did not vary.  Coiled trichomes and heterocytes (occurring only on coiled trichomes) were significantly more abundant, both absolutely and relatively, during the dry season. Both coiled trichome and heterocyte mean volumes were significantly smaller during the rainy season than during the dry season.  Biovolumes were largest in January when water temperature was 5º C cooler suggesting buoyancy as a morphology-determining factor. However, with a more than three-fold lower TIN concentration during the dry season, we hypothesized that the coiled morphotype became abundant primarily because it formed heterocytes, which the straight morphotype did not. Spatial trichome and heterocyte abundance differences were small among the 15 lake sites (average CV for all dates = 20%). However, there was a pattern of increased heterocyte and coiled trichome abundance from lake inflow, as a nitrogen source, to outflow during the rainy season. The total volume of heterocytes per litre of lake water increased progressively four-fold from a minimum early in the rainy season to a maximum at the end of the dry season. Morphological diversity, as seen in Lake Catemaco, can partially compensate for the lack of species diversity in determination of community structure.
Micro-players for macro-roles: aquatic microbes in deep lakes
Authors: Callieri Cristiana
Published: March 2016

Despite their relative low volume on a global scale, lakes represent a valuable reserve of accessible freshwaters. Any increase in our understanding of their functioning is a step towards their better exploitation and preservation. Microorganisms drive the metabolic processes that regulate the biogeochemical cycles in lakes; here, I will focus on Archaea and Cyanobacteria as micro-players playing macro-roles in lake ecosystems. In particular, I will present two examples to demonstrate the importance of prokaryotes in lakes: picocyanobacteria and mesophilic archaea. The role of prokaryotes in lakes will be discussed in relation to their taxonomy, dynamics and ecology using these two examples. The challenge, now, is to better understand the relationship between the diversity and the physiology of various ecotypes, how these interact with each other and with environmental factors allowing the proliferation of the most competitive genotypes.
Perspectives for an integrated understanding of tropical and temperate high-mountain lakes
Authors: Catalan Jordi , Donato Rondón John C.
Published: March 2016

High mountain lakes are extreme freshwater ecosystems and excellent sentinels of current global change. They are likely among the most comparable ecosystems across the world. The largest contrast occurs between lakes in temperate and tropical areas. The main difference arises from the seasonal patterns of heat exchange and the external loadings (carbon, phosphorus, metals). The consequence is a water column structure based on temperature, in temperate lakes, and oxygen, in tropical lakes. This essential difference implies that, in tropical lakes, one can expect a more sustained productivity throughout the year; a higher nutrient internal loading based on the mineralization of external organic matter; higher nitrification-denitrification potential related to the oxyclines; and a higher metal mobilization due to the permanently reduced bottom layer. Quantifying and linking these and other biogeochemical pathways to particular groups of organisms is in the current agenda of high-mountain limnology. The intrinsic difficulties of the taxonomic study of many of the organisms inhabiting these systems can be now overcome with the use of molecular techniques. These techniques will not only provide a much less ambiguous taxonomic knowledge of the microscopic world, but also will unveil new biogeochemical pathways that are difficult to measure chemically and will solve biogeographical puzzles of the distribution of some macroscopic organism, tracing the relationship with other areas. Daily variability and vertical gradients in the tropics are the main factors of phytoplankton species turnover in tropical lakes; whereas seasonality is the main driver in temperate communities. The study of phytoplankton in high-mountain lakes only makes sense in an integrated view of the microscopic ecosystem. A large part of the plankton biomass is in heterotrophic, and mixotrophic organisms and prokaryotes compete for dissolved resources with eukaryotic autotrophs. In fact, high-mountain lake systems are excellent model ecosystems for applying an investigation linking airshed to sediments functional views. Additionally, the study of the mountain lakes districts as functional metacommunity units may reveal key differences in the distribution of organisms of limited (slow) dispersal. We propose that limnological studies at tropical and temperate high mountain lakes should adhere to a common general paradigm. In which biogeochemical processes are framed by the airshed-to-sediment continuum concept and the biogeographical processes in the functional lake district concept. The solid understanding of the fundamental limnological processes will facilitate stronger contributions to the assessment of the impacts of the on-going global change in remote areas.
Combining taxonomy and function in the study of stream macroinvertebrates
Authors: Cummins Kenneth W.
Published: March 2016

Over the last fifty years, research on freshwater macroinvertebrates has been driven largely by the state of the taxonomy of these animals. In the great majority of studies conducted during the 2000s macroinvertebrates have been operationally defined by investigators as invertebrates retained by a 250 μ mesh in field sampling devices. Significant advances have been and continue to be made in developing ever more refined keys to macroinvertebrate groups. The analysis by function is a viable alternative when advances in macroinvertebrate ecological research is restricted by the level of detail in identifications. Focus on function, namely adaptations of macroinvertebrates to habitats and the utilization of food resources, has facilitated ecological evaluation of freshwater ecosystems (Functional feeding groups; FFG). As the great stream ecologist Noel Hynes observed, aquatic insects around the world exhibit similar morphologies and behaviors, even though they are in very different taxonomic groups. This is the basis for the FFG analysis that was initially developed in the early 1970s. FFG analysis applies taxonomy only to the level of detail that allows assignment to one of six FFG categories: scrapers adapted to feed on periphyton, detrital shredders adapted to feed on coarse (CPOM) riparian-derived plant litter that has been colonized by microbes, herbivore shredders that feed on live, rooted aquatic vascular plants, filtering collectors adapted to remove fine particle detritus (FPOM) from the water column, gathering collectors adapted to feed on FPOM where it is deposited on surfaces or in crevices in the sediments, and predators that capture live prey. The interacting roles of these FFGs in stream ecosystems were originally depicted in a conceptual model. Thus, there are a limited number of adaptations exhibited by stream macroinvertebrates that exploit these habitats and food resources. This accounts for the wide range of macroinvertebrate taxa in freshwater ecosystems found in different geographical settings that are represented by a much smaller number of FFGs. An example of the generality of the functional group concept is the presence of detrital shredders that are dependent upon riparian plant litter inputs being found in essentially all forested streams world-wide (e.g., across the USA and Canada, Chile, Brazil, West Africa, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Thailand; Cummins, unpublished). Freshwater macroinvertebrate taxonomic determinations, especially at the species level, may be the best basis for developing specific indices of pollution (tolerance values in ecological tables). However, the FFG method appears to provide better indicators of overall freshwater ecosystem condition.
Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis on water quality modelling of Aguamilpa reservoir
Authors: Rangel-Peraza Jesús G. , De Anda José , González-Farías Fernando A. , Rode Michael
Published: March 2016

The use of water quality models is determined to a great extent by their ability to accurately reproduce observed data series and by their predictive capability without the need to adjust the calibrated parameters. However, the observed abiotic variables involved in a system are measured with a level of uncertainty. The sensitivity analysis concepts and generalized methodology of uncertainty analysis were used via a computer tool called UNCSIM. As a first step, a parametric optimization model of the Aguamilpa reservoir water quality was accomplished. The aforementioned analysis identified that the wind sheltering coefficient (WSC), Chezy bottom friction solution (FRICC), and coefficient of bottom heat exchange (CBHE) were the parameters of the CE-QUAL-W2 model that significantly influenced the behaviour of temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration in the reservoir. Afterwards, the uncertainty of the water quality model was evaluated through the modification of the hydrological and climatological information, which had a major influence on the simulation of the system. This analysis showed the possible changes in hydrodynamic and water quality characteristics of the reservoir, including an increase in the thermocline due to a possible air temperature increase and a rainfall decrease in the region. The innovative coupling routine of the different modules for the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis developed in this research establishes the basis for the future development of a modelling platform to conduct water quality simulations of the Aguamilpa reservoir in real time through continuous meteorological and water discharge information.
Gauge theory for spectral triples and the unbounded Kasparov product
Authors: Brain Simon , Mesland Bram , van Suijlekom Walter D.
Published: March 2016

We explore factorizations of noncommutative Riemannian spin geometries over commutative base manifolds in unbounded KK-theory. After setting up the general formalism of unbounded KK-theory and improving upon the construction of internal products, we arrive at a natural bundle-theoretic formulation of gauge theories arising from spectral triples. We find that the unitary group of a given noncommutative spectral triple arises as the group of endomorphisms of a certain Hilbert bundle; the inner fluctuations split in terms of connections on, and endomorphisms of, this Hilbert bundle. Moreover, we introduce an extended gauge group of unitary endomorphisms and a corresponding notion of gauge fields. We work out several examples in full detail, to wit Yang–Mills theory, the noncommutative torus and the

\theta

-deformed Hopf fibration over the two-sphere.
Noncommutative versions of some classical birational transformations
Authors: Presotto Dennis , Van den Bergh Michel
Published: March 2016

In this paper we generalize some classical birational transformations to the noncommutative case. In particular we show that 3-dimensional quadratic Sklyanin algebras (noncommutative projective planes) and 3-dimensional cubic Sklyanin algebras (non-commutative quadrics) have the same function field. In the same veinwe construct an analogue of the Cremona transform for non-commutative projective planes.
A notion of nonlocal Gaussian curvature
Authors: Podio-Guidugli Paolo
Published: March 2016

A local notion of directional-curvature vector is proposed, which admits a nonlocal version that turns out to be the key ingredient to define both nonlocal mean curvature in the manner of [1] and [4] and nonlocal Gaussian curvature, a new notion.
Quasilinear problems involving a perturbation with quadratic growth in the gradient and a noncoercive zeroth order term
Authors: Hamour Boussad , Murat François
Published: March 2016

In this paper we consider the problem

\begin{array}{ll} u \in H_{0}^{1}(\Omega), \\ -\textrm{div}\,(A(x)Du)=H(x,u,Du)+f(x)+a_{0}(x)\, u& \textrm{in} \;\;\;\mathcal{D}'(\Omega), \end{array}

where

\Omega

is an open bounded set of

\mathbb{R}^{N}

,

N \geq 3

,

A(x)

is a coercive matrix with coefficients in

L^\infty(\Omega)

,

H(x,s,\xi)

is a Carathéodory function which satisfies for some

\gamma >0

-c_{0}\, A(x)\, \xi\xi\leq H(x,s,\xi)\,{\rm sign}(s)\leq \gamma\,A(x)\,\xi\xi \;\; {\rm a.e. }\; x \in \Omega,\;\;\forall s \in\mathbb{R},\;\; \forall \xi \in \mathbb{R}^{N}\!\!,

f

belongs to

L^{N/2}(\Omega)

and

a_{0} \geq 0

to

L^{q}(\Omega )

,

q>N/2

. For

f

and

a_{0}

sufficiently small, we prove the existence of at least one solution

u

of this problem which is such that

e^{\delta_0 |u|} -1

belongs to

H_{0}^{1}(\Omega)

for some

\delta_0 \geq \gamma

. This solution satisfies some a priori estimate.
Nonuniform hyperbolicity and one-sided admissibility
Authors: Barreira Luis , Dragičević Davor , Valls Claudia
Published: March 2016

For a general one-sided nonautonomous dynamics defined by a sequence of linear operators, we consider the notion of an exponential dichotomy with respect to a sequence of norms and we characterize it completely in terms of the admissibility of bounded solutions. As a nontrivial application, we establish the robustness of the notion under sufficiently small parameterized perturbations. Moreover, we show that if the perturbations are Lipschitz or of class

C^1

on the parameter, then the same happens to the projections onto the stable spaces of the perturbation.