bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two novel species of Mesophoma gen. nov. from PR China and a potential biocontrol of the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora
Authors: Yang Ai-Ling , Chen Lin , Cheng Lu , Li Jin-Peng , Zeng Zhao-Ying , Zhang Han-Bo
Published: May 2022

During an investigation of the fungal pathogens associated with the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora from China, some interesting isolates were collected. Among them, a novel genus Mesophoma containing two novel species, M. speciosa and M. ageratinae, from healthy leaf, leaf spot, and roots of Ag. adenophora was found. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large nuclear subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and the partial β-tubulin (tub2) sequences showed that M. speciosa and M. ageratinae each formed a distinct clade, separating from all genera previously described in Didymellaceae. Combined morphological characters allowed us to describe them as novel species belonging to a novel genus Mesophoma. The full descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree showing the position of M. speciosa and M. ageratinae were provided in this study. The potential for these strains to be developed into a biocontrol for the spread of the invasive weed Ag. adenophora was also discussed.
Integrated analysis of multi-omics data to establish a hypoxia-related prognostic model in osteosarcoma
Authors: Tong Ye , Zhang Xiaoqing , Zhou Ye
Published: May 2022

Objective: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in clinical practice, and currently, the ability to predict prognosis in the diagnosis of OS is limited. There is an urgent need to find new diagnostic methods and treatment strategies for OS.Methods: We downloaded the multi-omics data for OS from the TARGET database. Prognosis-associated methylation sites were used to identify clustered subtypes of OS, and OS was classified into three subtypes (C1, C2, C3). Survival analysis showed significant differences between the C3 subtype and the other subtypes. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across subtypes were screened and subjected to pathway enrichment analysis. Results: A total of 249 DEGs were screened from C3 subtype to other subtypes. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched to the hypoxic pathway. Based on univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis, 12 genes from the hypoxia pathway were further screened and used to construct hypoxia-related prognostic model (HRPM). External validation of the HRPM was performed on the GSE21257 dataset. Finally, differences in survival and immune infiltration between high and low risk score groups were compared. Conclusion: In summary, we proposed a hypoxia-associated risk model based on a 12-gene expression signature, which is potentially valuable for prognostic diagnosis of patients with OS.
The role of tropical waves in the genesis of Tropical Cyclone Seroja - one of the first tropical cyclones to significantly impact Indonesian land
Authors: Latos Beata , Peyrille Philippe , Lefort Thierry , Baranowski Dariusz , Flatau Maria , Flatau Piotr , Riama Nelly Florida , Permana Donaldi , Rydbeck Adam , Matthews Adrian
Published: May 2022

Tropical cylone Seroja was one of the first tropical cyclones to significantly impact Indonesian land and the strongest one in such close proximity to Timor Island. In April 2021 Seroja brought historic flooding to Indonesia and East Timor, as well as impacting Western Australia. Its genesis was associated with enhanced equatorial convection which was preceded by warm sea surface anomalies. This happened on the leading edge of a Madden-Julian Oscillation event. Within the Madden-Julian Oscillation, the interaction between convectively coupled equatorial Rossby wave and two convectively coupled Kelvin waves created "perfect storm" conditions and led to cyclogensis. The development and consequences of TC Seroja were unusual for this part of the world. The question arises: to what extent could such strong storms in Indonesia become more common due to the climate change? It is argued that looking at tropical waves in the warmer climates may provide some insight into this complex problem.
A monocentric randomized controlled clinical trial to compare single- and double-lumen needles in oocytes retrieval procedure in Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Ronchetti Camilla , Cirillo Federico , Immediata Valentina , Gargasole Clara , Scolaro Valeria , Morenghi Emanuela , Patrizio Pasquale , Levi-Setti Paolo Emanuele
Published: May 2022

The present randomized controlled trial included oocytes retrieval procedures in IVF and ICSI cycles performed in 18/42-year-old women between March 2019 and January 2021 at a tertiary-care Fertility Centre, using two different needles: the single-lumen needle (SLN) with aspiration versus the double-lumen needle (DLN) with follicle flushing after aspiration. The purpose was to determine any difference in outcomes between the two different needles, primarily in terms of number of retrieved oocytes per procedure. A total of 200 ORs were randomized, 100 in each group. No significant difference in the number of retrieved oocytes between the groups (10.2 ± 6.5 for DLNs vs 10.7 ± 7.0 for SLNs, p = 0.810) was recorded. No significant differences were observed also in terms of number of retrieved oocytes/punctured follicles (83.0%±27.0% vs 81.0%±22.0%, p = 0.916), number of retrieved oocytes/follicles at trigger (78.0% ± 29.0% vs 78.0% ± 27.0%, p = 0.881), number of mature oocytes (7.6 ± 5.3 vs 8.0 ± 5.1, p = 0.519) and pregnancy rate (27% vs 23%, p = 0.514). However, the time required to retrieve each oocyte was longer using the DLN (1.5 ± 1.3 vs 1.1 ± 0.9 minutes, p = 0.002). To conclude, the present study confirmed the new perspectives on the sole use of SLNs in terms of saving time, without affecting the number of retrieved oocytes.
Efficient and safe regulation mechanism of rural domestic sewage reclaimed irrigation of paddy field in southern China
Authors: Zheng Shizong , Xiao Menghua , Wang Lei , Xiao Wanchuan , Xu Dan , Cai Jiafang
Published: May 2022

Irrigation and reuse of rural domestic sewage after safe treatment is an effective way to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. In this paper, four kinds of irrigation water sources (primary and secondary treated water R1 and R2, purified water R3 and river water CK) and three kinds of water level regulation (low, medium, and high water level control of W1, W2 and W3) were set to study the impact on soil and crop safety, water and nitrogen utilization, biodiversity, and establish regulation mechanism of rural domestic sewage regenerative irrigation. The results showed that, the contents of Cd and Pb increased slightly, while the contents of Cr, Cu and Zn decreased in paddy field, heavy metals content showed that stem > leaf ≈ rice in rice plants, and did not increase significantly in rice grains. With the increase of field water level, the growth rate of PPCPs (Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products) in 60–80 cm soil layer was accelerated, and the PPCPs content in rice husk was higher than that in grain, but they were at a very low level. Compared to CK, rural domestic sewage irrigation can effectively increase rice yield, RUE (rainwater use efficiency) and NUE (nitrogen use efficiency of reclaimed water) by 5.4% − 7.6%, 6.7% − 9.4% and 21.7% − 24.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, it can improve the species diversity, community diversity and richness of rice root layer, but the biodiversity decreased with the increase of field water level. Additionally, water level regulation of W3 with R2 water resource irrigation was conducive to the exertion of comprehensive benefits. The results of demonstration area showed that the amount of fresh water was reduced to 530 mm, the yield was increased by 9.6%, and the soil and crop was safety under the reclaimed sewage irrigation.
Clinical decision support system to predict the efficacy for EGFR-TKIs based on artificial neural network
Authors: Liang Xiao , Guan Runwei , Zhu Jiamin , Meng Yue , Zhu Jing , Yang Yuxiang , Cui Yanan , Dai Jiali , Shao Jun , Mao Weidong , Lv Liting , Shen Dong , Guo Renhua
Published: May 2022

Background
The efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) -tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) was affected by numerous factors. We developed and validated an artificial neural network (ANN) system based on clinical characteristics and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to support clinical decisions.
Methods
A multicenter retrospective non-interventional study was conducted. 196 untreated patients from three hospitals with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and EGFR mutation were tested by NGS before the first treatment. All patients received formal EGFR-TKIs treatment. Five different models were individually trained to predict the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs based on an independent cohort. Others from two independent cohorts were collected for external validation.
Results
Compared with logistic regression, four machine learning methods show better predicting abilities for EGFR-TKIs. The inclusion of mutations further improved the predictive power in all models. ANN performed best on the dataset with mutations TP53, rb1 and pik3ca. The prediction accuracy on the test set reached 84%, the recall on the test set was about 95% for poor efficacy and ROC was 0.67 In the external validation, ANN still showed the best performance and differentiated patients with poor outcomes. Finally, a clinical decision support software based on ANN was developed and provides a visualization interface for clinicians
Conclusion
This study provides an approach to assess the efficacy of NSCLC patients with first-line EGFR-TKI treatment. A software is developed to support the clinical decision.
WITHDRAWN: Public Relation’s influence on Websites’ News Flow of the Emirates Newspapers
Authors: Lamya
Published: May 2022

This study aims at investigating how public relations can influence the news flow of newspaper websites in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It gives an overview of how far quality journalism can be affected by public relations press releases. It discusses the influence of public relations departments and private agencies on journalists and their ability to produce balanced, comprehensive, and accurate news content. The study also focuses on how the platformization of the news has affected the process of news production and writing.The study uses framing theory and the information disorder theory to investigate how PR practitioners and agencies influence the news flow of newspaper websites. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach with semi-structured in-depth interviews technique. It analyzed 587 items published in six UAE newspaper websites. The researcher conducted nine interviews with professionals and journalists from local newspapers, and public relations practitioners. The finding of the study indicates that PR news accounts for almost 50% of the news published on UAE news websites. It also revealed that there is a strong relationship between PR departments in different organizations and the mechanism of information flow to the various publications and media outlets. It may be argued that PR not only represent a main source of news stories for newspapers’ websites but also influence news style and framing.
NiFe2O4/ZnO-coated Poly(L-Lactide) Nanofibrous Scaffold Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem
Authors: shariati shiva , Seyedjafari Ehsan , Mahdavi Fatemeh Sadat , Maali Amirhossein , Ferdosi ELaheh
Published: May 2022

Background
A combination of bioceramics and polymeric materials has attracted the research community's interest in bone tissue engineering. This composite is essential to support cell attachment, proliferation and osteogenesis differentiation, which are vital as a classic strategy in bone tissue engineering. In this study, NiFe2O4/ZnO-coated poly L-Lactide (PLLA) was employed as a scaffold to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation capability of human Adipose tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hAMSCs).
Material and methods
The electrospun PLLA nanofibers were fabricated, coated with nanocomposites(NiFe2O4/ZnO) and evaluated by the water contact angle, tensile test, ATR-FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Then, the osteogenic differentiation potential of hAMSC was evaluated in vitro using NiFe2O4/ZnO-coated PLLA compared to tissue culture plastic (TCP) and a simple scaffold (PLLA).
Results
The adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of AMSC were supported by the mechanical and biological properties of the NiFe2O4/ZnO-coated PLLA scaffold, according to SEM and DAPI staining patterns. During bone differentiation, Alkaline phosphatase activity, biomineralization, calcium content and osteogenic mRNA expression (Alkaline phosphatase, Osteonectin, Osteocalcin, Collagen type I and Runx2) were considerably greater on NiFe2O4/ZnO-coated PLLA scaffold than on PLLA scaffold and TCP.
Conclusion
According to our findings, when h-AMSCs become in proper relation with NiFe2O4/ZnO-coated PLLA, biomimetic features are formed that can be used to stimulate and accelerate the osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs for bone regenerative medicine.
Effect of trough design on behavioral and growth responses of fat-rumped lambs under stall-feeding system
Authors: Mohapatra Arpita , Kerketta Shilpi , Kumar Vijay , Panigrahy Shakti ranjan , Dangi S. S. , Singh R.
Published: May 2022

Farm planning, budgeting and profit-making can be achieved by optimizing the feeding welfare of animals through different management practices. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of feeder design on feeding behavior and lamb performance. Twenty-four growing fat-rumped lambs of 3-4 months were categorized into 3 groups with an average weight of 22.20±0.25kg. Group I lambs were fed individually in the bucket, groups II and III were fed in the group using feeding trough without fence line (conventional) and trough with fence line (designed) respectively. Group I spent significantly (P<0.05) higher time in isolated behavior like idle standing, rumination and vocalization. The eating time was significantly (P<0.05) low in group II with longer and severe agonistic behavior suggesting intense competition within the group. This group showed minimal weight gain and maximal feed wastage due to intense struggle for food during the period of the study. The lamb welfare behaviors like more time spent on lying rumination, least time in agonistic behavior and remarkable body weight gain were apparent in group III. This can be concluded from the study that group feeding in feeding troughs with designated space allocation for individual lamb brings better growth in growing lambs under stall feeding conditions.
Development of a robotic tunnel drilling system for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Yamamoto Tomonori , Shibata Satoru , Mu Shenglin , Takahashi Toshiaki
Published: May 2022

Objective: Although various experimental studies have been conducted to develop a system to automate bone tunnel drilling in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using robotic technology, no clinically useful, easy-to-use systems have become available yet. The purpose of this study is to facilitate accurate bone tunnel drilling under navigational control in ACL reconstruction. Methods: We have built an arm probe with five degrees of freedom for measuring desired drilling positions. In this study, a Stewart platform was used to position drill pins in the trajectory of bone tunnels. We built a prototype robotic tunnel drilling system consisting mainly of a probe that locates femoral and tibial tunnel positions at the centers of ACL-bone junctions and a platform with a drilling device that can move three-dimensionally. Results and Discussion: Regarding the actual positions (mm) and postures (degree) from target positions and postures in three directions, mean position deviations in all three directions were less than 1 mm and mean angles of deviation were between 0.1 to 0.2 degrees. Therefore, the Stewart platform was considered capable of highly precise positioning of the slide cylinder. In our study using a knee model, the prototype system enabled us to easily drill bone tunnels with high precision. We have also developed a space-saving model of this robotic arm system with software, which works better on an operating table. We are now conducting a study to verify its effectiveness and reliability.
"A calf cannot fail to pick a color from its mother: Intergenerational transmission of trauma and its effect on reconciliation among post-genocide Rwandan youth"
Authors: Kagoyire Marie Grace , Kangabe Jeannette , Ingabire Marie Chantal
Published: May 2022

Background: The 1994 genocide against the Tutsi took more than one million lives in a period of one hundred days. Most survivors were left severely traumatized, and similar trauma symptoms found among adults are also currently being observed among young people including those who were born after and who did not physically witness or experience the horrific events of the genocide. Based on a growing and substantial body of theory and evidence suggesting the possibility of transmission of trauma across generations, our study aimed to explore mechanisms of trauma transmission to youth born of genocide survivors after the genocide and the effects trauma may have on the reconciliation process among this younger generation in post-genocide Rwanda. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Rwanda among youth born after the genocide from genocide survivor parents, parents who survived the 1994 genocide against the Tutsis and mental health and peace-building professionals. Nineteen individual interviews (IDIs) with post-genocide descendants of survivors, ten IDIs with mental health and peacebuilding professionals, and six focus group discussions (FGDs) with genocide survivor parents were conducted in Eastern Province and Kigali city of Rwanda. Respondents were recruited through five local organisations that work closely with survivors and their descendants. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data.Results: Findings from our study suggest that the trauma experienced by genocide survivor parents is perceived to be transmitted through various pathways including biological means, silence and disclosure of genocide experiences, and everyday contact with a traumatized parent. Life at home as well as the recurrent genocide commemoration period, during which remembrance events such as re-burial of genocide victims, testimonies of survivors and commemoration rituals that refresh the memories of the past, appear to potentiate this phenomenon. Additionally, such trauma transmitted to survivor descendants (descendants of genocide survivors) is understood to negatively affect their psychological well-being which can limit their involvement in reconciliation process out of fear of re-traumatizing their parents, due to mistrust towards families of perpetrators and parents’ reconciliation involvement including its potentially traumatic impacts on them.
Identification and characterization of ZF-HD genes in response to abscisic acid and abiotic stresses in maize
Authors: Jing Xiaojie , Li Chunyan , Luo Chengjuan , Yao Chaonan , Zhang Jiahao , Zhu Tingting , Wang Jiuguang , Liu Chaoxian
Published: May 2022

The zinc finger homeodomain (ZF-HD) genes belong to the homeobox gene family, playing critical roles in flower development and stress response. Despite their importance, however, to date there has been no genome-wide identification and characterization of the ZF-HD genes that are probably involved in the stress responses of maize. In this study, 24 ZF-HD genes were identified in maize, and their chromosomal locations, protein properties, duplication patterns, structures, conserved motifs, and expression patterns were investigated. The results revealed that the ZF-HD genes are unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes and that most of these genes lack introns. Six and two maize ZF-HD genes have undergone segmental and tandem duplication, respectively, during gene expansion. These 24 ZF-HD transcription factors were classified into six major groups on the basis of protein molecular evolutionary relationship. In addition, we examined the expression profiles of these genes in different organs and at different developmental stages, which indicated that most of the maize ZF-HD genes are highly expressed in embryos at 14 days after pollination. Furthermore, expression profiling of the 24 ZF-HD genes in response to abscisic acid (ABA), high salt and drought stress revealed that ZmZHD11 and ZmZHD12 show significant responses to abiotic stresses, suggesting that these two genes probably play important roles in making plant adapt to adverse conditions.
The behavioral responses of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) to predominant volatile compounds of apricot
Authors: TİRİNG Gülsevim , SATAR Serdar , Tiring Gülsevim
Published: May 2022

Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a significant pest of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) fruit in the spring and summer seasons in Turkey. New integrated pest management techniques are required for C. capitata to reduce dependency on insecticides used for its control that may result in negative environmental impacts. In the current study, we identified volatiles of apricot fruit by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We tested the behavioral responses of C. capitata to some of the identified compounds of apricot in both field and laboratory. Our study demonstrated that in four-arm olfactometer bioassays, C. capitata was more attracted to treated arms with 3-hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)- and ethyl acetate than those treated with butanoic acid, 2-hexenyl ester, (E)- and untreated arm. In the wind tunnel studies, we found that the landing rate on 3-hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)- was higher than those on butanoic acid, 2-hexenyl ester, (E)- and ethyl acetate. Similar results were obtained from the field study. Also, females of C.capitata were more responsive to volatile compounds than males. Our study could be helpful for the development of novel control strategies against the female flies of C. capitata in orchards.
Underestimated effect of antiphospholipid antibodies on arteriovenous fistula maturation in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Taghavi Maxime , Demulder Anne , Mesquita Maria Do Carmo Filomena , Dernier Yves , Nortier Joëlle , Collart Frédéric , Pozdzik Agnieszka
Published: May 2022

Background: Arteriovenous fistula delay or absence of maturation is a common problem in hemodialysis. The prevalence of antiphospholipid antibody is higher among hemodialysis patients compared to the general population and is inconsistently associated with arteriovenous fistula thrombosis or stenosis. However, the effect of antiphospholipid antibodies on delayed or absence of maturation of the arteriovenous fistula has never been studied. Methods: We retrospectively identified 103 hemodialyzed patients with arteriovenous fistula whether used or not. We collected the clinical and biological data potentially involved in arteriovenous fistula maturation and investigated the association between antiphospholipid antibody positivity and arteriovenous fistula maturation failure according to KDOQI guidelines. Results: In our cohort, the prevalence of arteriovenous fistula maturation failure was of 45.8%. The prevalence of antiphospholipid syndrome was of 7.8 %, whereas only 10.7% of patients fulfilled only antiphospholipid laboratory criteria. The persistent positivity of antiphospholipid antibody was a risk factor for arteriovenous fistula maturation failure. In multivariate analysis, this association was independent of stenosis. Conclusions: To our knowledge, we report for the first time, a statistically significant association between arteriovenous fistula maturation failure, antiphospholipid antibody persistent positivity and antiphospholipid syndrome. This association was independent of arteriovenous stenosis. Our data suggests a potential non-stenotic and/or non-thrombotic mechanism of antiphospholipid antibody related arteriovenous fistula maturation failure in hemodialysis patients.
Optimization of process parameters in friction stir welding of AA5451
Authors: Ahmed Shoaib , Rahman Rana Atta ur , Awan Awais , Ahmad Sajjad , Akram Waseem , Amjad Muhammad , Aamir Muhammad , Khan Ilyas
Published: May 2022

Friction stir welding is one of the primary fabrication techniques for making different engineering components, especially aluminum alloys. The welded joint with the friction stir process greatly depends on the process parameters, i.e., feed rate, rotational speed, and pin profile of the tool. In the current study, plates of AA5451 were joined by the friction stir welding technique, and the Taguchi method was used to find the process parameters at an optimal level. It was concluded that for tensile strength, tool rotation speed of 1400, threaded tool pin profile and feed rate of 18 mm/min were optimum parameters. At the same time, the optimum parameters for hardness were tool rotation speed of 1200, threaded tool pin profile and feed rate of 18 mm/min. Overall, the tool pin profile was the major parameter for improving the welded joint’s tensile strength and hardness. In addition, the contribution in terms of percentage of each input parameter was found by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The ANOVA results also revealed that the pin profile of tool has the maximum contribution on the results of tensile strength and hardness. The study also investigated the joint efficiency of friction stir welded joint, hardness at weld zone, and metallography on friction stir welding samples at the optimized level.
Distribution and association of interpregnancy weight change with subsequent pregnancy outcomes in Asian women
Authors: Ku Chee Wai , Cheng Tuck Seng , Ku Chee Onn , Zhou Kathy Xinzhuo , Cheung Yin Bun , Godfrey Keith M. , Han Wee Meng , Yap Fabian , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Loy See Ling
Published: May 2022

The extent of interpregnancy weight change and its association with subsequent pregnancy outcomes among Asians remain unclear. We aimed to examine the change in maternal body mass index (BMI) between the first two deliveries and outcomes in the second delivery. Medical records of women with their first two consecutive deliveries between 2015 and 2020 at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore were retrieved. Analysis was limited to 6264 women with available BMI for both pregnancies, which was standardised to 12 weeks gestation. The difference between gestational-age-adjusted BMI in both pregnancies was calculated as the change in interpregnancy BMI. Main outcomes were low birthweight (<2.5 kg), high birthweight (≥4 kg), small-for-gestational-age, large-for-gestational-age, preterm delivery, gestational diabetes, elective and emergency Caesarean deliveries. The risk ratios (RR) of pregnancy outcomes were estimated using modified Poisson regression models with confounders adjustment. Of 6264 included women (mean [SD] age 28.4 [4.3] years) with a median interpregnancy interval of 1.44 years, 40.7% had a stable BMI change within +1 kg/m2, 10.3% lost >1 kg/m2, 34.3% gained 1-3 kg/m2 and 14.8% gained ≥3 kg/m2. Compared to women with stable BMI change, those with >1 kg/m2 loss had a higher risk of low birthweight (RR 1.36; 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.80), while those with 1-3 kg/m2 gain had higher risks of large-for-gestational-age birth (1.16; 1.03-1.31), gestational diabetes (1.25; 1.06-1.49) and emergency Caesarean delivery (1.16; 1.03-1.31); these risks were higher in those with ≥3 kg/m2 gain. Stratification by BMI revealed that women with BMI <23 kg/m2 and interpregnancy BMI gain had a higher risk of emergency Caesarean delivery, while those with BMI ≥23 kg/m2 and interpregnancy BMI loss had a higher risk of low birthweight. Interpregnancy BMI alternations more than 1 kg/m2 are associated with adverse outcomes in the second pregnancy among Asian women. Our study suggests the importance of returning to pre-pregnancy weight and maintaining a stable interpregnancy BMI, to achieve better subsequent pregnancy outcomes.
The transition from HIF-1 to HIF-2 during prolonged hypoxia results from reactivation of PHDs and HIF1A mRNA instability
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Maciej , Moszyńska Adrianna , Króliczewski Jarosław , Cabaj Aleksandra , Bartoszewska Sylwia , Charzyńska Agata , Gebert Magda , Dąbrowski Michał , Collawn James F. , Bartoszewski Rafal
Published: May 2022

The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are transcription factors that activate the adaptive hypoxic response when oxygen levels are low. The HIF transcriptional program increases oxygen delivery by inducing angiogenesis and by promoting metabolic reprograming that favors glycolysis. The two major HIFs, HIF-1 and HIF-2, mediate this response during prolonged hypoxia in an overlapping and sequential fashion that is referred to as the HIF switch. Both HIF proteins consist of an unstable alpha chain and a stable beta chain. The instability of the alpha chains is mediated by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) activity during normoxic conditions, which leads to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the alpha chains. During normoxic conditions, very little HIF-1 or HIF-2 alpha-beta dimers are present because of PHD activity. During hypoxia, however, PHD activity is suppressed, and HIF dimers are stable. Here we demonstrate that HIF-1 expression is maximal after 4 hours of hypoxia in primary endothelial cells and then is dramatically reduced by 8 hours. In contrast, HIF-2 is maximal at 8 hours and remains elevated up to 24 hours. There are differences in the HIF-1 and HIF-2 transcriptional profiles, and therefore understanding how the transition between them occurs is important and not clearly understood. Here we demonstrate that the HIF-1 to HIF-2 transition during prolonged hypoxia is mediated by two mechanisms: (1) the HIF-1 driven increase in the glycolytic pathways that reactivates PHD activity and (2) the much less stable mRNA levels of HIF-1α (HIF1A) compared to HIF-2α (EPAS1) mRNA. We also demonstrate that the alpha mRNA levels directly correlate to the relative alpha protein levels, and therefore to the more stable HIF-2 expression during prolonged hypoxia.
Exposure to sexually explicit materials and associated factors among secondary school students in Nekemte town east Wollega zone, western Ethiopia: A school based cross sectional study
Authors: Garuma Adugna , Kejela Gemechu , Benti Wase , Bikila Haile , Tolossa Tadesse , Diriba Workineh , Meskelu Mekonin , Desalegn Markos
Published: May 2022

Background
The recent advancement of internet-enabled technologies has significantly changed the way youth’s encounter and consume sexually explicit materials. Exposure to sexually explicit materials leads youths to risky sexual behavior that contributes for sexually transmitted disease including, unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion.
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to sexually explicit materials and associated factors among secondary school students of Nekemte town, December 2020.
Methods
Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 660 students from December 1–15/2020.Study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique and self administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was entered in to Epi-data version 4.6.0.0 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Variables with P < 0.25 in Bivariate analysis were selected and further analyzed by multivariable analysis. Statistical significance at multivariable logistic regression was declared at a p < 0.05 using AOR and 95% CI.
Result
-The overall prevalence of sexually explicit material among students was 349(58.0%) out of these exposed participants 188(53.9%) were practiced the sexual act they have seen. The main source for these materials was Smart phone 157(44.7%).Being male[AOR 1.94; 95% CI,1.15–3.26),having uneducated father [6.65; 95% CI.2.89–15.27), having pornography in personal mobile phone [3.05;95%CI,1.74–5.34),being unaware not to watch pornography [5.57;95% CI2.58-12.97] being sexual active[3.578;95%,2.06–6.21] showed significant association with outcome variable.
Production of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in transgenic mice that express propionibacterium acnes isomerase
Authors: Rao Yu , Li Shili , Li Meijuan , Wang yangyang , Liu Zongping , Cui Sheng , Gou Kemian
Published: May 2022

Propionibacterium acnes isomerase (PAI) can convert linoleic acid into trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) which can induce body fat loss based on the data from the supplemental CLA in a diet. To investigate the possibility of production of endogenous t10c12-CLA by an animal itself, in the current study, we constructed a pai expression cassette and successfully produced a transgenic mouse that can express PAI enzyme. Analysis of gas chromatography showed that the endogenous t10c12-CLA was produced successfully in various tissues. In addition, in lean transgenic mice, the endogenous t10c12-CLA resulted in an increased (p < 0.05) serum palmitic acid and a decreased (p < 0.05) stearic acid in heart while no fat loss was observed. Contrarily, in obese transgenic mice, the endogenous t10c12-CLA resulted in palmitic acid decrease in liver and heart (p < 0.05) while the decrease in abdominal fat (p < 0.05) was observed simultaneously. The results suggest that the exogenous pai gene can be used to produce the endogenous t10c12-CLA in transgenic mice so as to study its long-term effect on animal health issues.
Determination of total mercury in Spanish samples of baby food, fast food, and daily meal
Authors: Silva Maria José da , Paim Ana Paula S. , Silva Iago J. S. da , Pimentel Maria Fernanda , Cervera M. Luisa , Guardia Miguel de la
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the levels of total mercury (THg) in Spanish samples of baby food, fast food, and daily meal, which people of different ages consume, to evaluate potential toxicological risks through the contribution to the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of this element. The total mercury concentrations were determined in thirteen commercial baby foods for infants 6 to 12 months old, six kinds of fast foods prepared for children, and nine canteen menus prepared for adults. Samples were homogenized, freeze-dried, and analyzed using a direct mercury analyzer (DMA). The concentration ranges found were as follows: baby food (0.57-41.9 µg kg-1), fast food (0.54-67.7 µg kg-1), and adult menus (0.43-638 µg kg-1). The recovery of different amounts of spiked mercury ranged from 98.6% to 104.9%, and the accuracy of the method was checked with an analysis of different certified reference materials. The contribution of the samples to the TDI of mercury varied as follows: baby food (0.3-27.8%), fast food (0.5-102.2%), and adult menus (0.3-395.7%). Therefore, it was concluded that total mercury daily intake does not pose risks to Spanish infants, not adults, if not tuna was included on the menu, and it must be taken care of with fast food.
Primary Fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor with focal atypical features of the breast. A case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Yufei , Zhang Mingjie , Shui Xiaoli , Wang Daizhong , Cao Chunyu , Yao Zhi , Pan Junlong
Published: May 2022

Background: Primary solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) in breast is rare, while breast fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor (FFSFT) is even more rare in clinic. Here we reported a case of FFSFT with focal atypical features of the left breast, and present the clinicopathological features, molecular features and pathological diagnosis.Case presentation: A 51-year-old female patient underwent breast surgery in clinic of our hospital with a 6 month of a palpable painless left breast mass. Imaging examination of the breast revealed a 3.4 cm ×1.9 cm ×1.7 cm solid mass originating from her left breast. Then the patient underwent left breast lumpectomy in the tumor area, and postoperative pathological result confirmed the diagnosis of FFSFT with focal atypical features deriving from breast. The additional treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy were not provided. The patient remains with no evidence of disease recurrence or metastasis in 3 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Primary breast FFSFT is very rare and easy to be confused with other soft tissue tumors. The definitive diagnosis of primary breast FFSFT should base on histopathological morphology, immunophenotype and molecular detection.
Efficacy of clinical medical training on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding child maltreatment in medical students: An 18-month longitudinal study
Authors: Boroon Mahsa , Mokhtari Saba , Nojomi Marzieh , Hadi Fatemeh , Sorayya Shiva , Shalbafan Mohammadreza
Published: May 2022

Background: Child maltreatment or abuse has been a worldwide major problem and has remained a persistent public health challenge in all countries. Physicians have a significant role in the prevention and intervention of child maltreatment. An educated physician that can effectively identify and report child maltreatment, can fill one of the largest gaps in reducing child abuse.This study was performed to examine the efficacy of clinical medical training regarding child maltreatment among Iranian medical students and outcome of knowledge, attitude, and practice in regards to child maltreatment.Method: All the medical students (235 students) of the Iran University of Medical Sciences who passed the internship entrance exam in 2019-2020 academic year participated in this study. The participants completed the questionnaire about their attitude, knowledge and practice skills in the first month of their internship course and then completed the same questionnaire 18 months later, at the end-point of the internship period.Results: 139 (59.1%) participants were female and 96 (40.9%) were male. The mean age of the subjects was 24.35±0.76. Only 7 (3%) of them formerly received any education about child maltreatment.There was a significant difference in scores of the knowledge of diagnosis (p-value< 0.001), the practice of prevention (p-value< 0.002) and the general subscale of the practice section (p-value< 0.001) during the internship course. However, the performance of participants decreased with a significant difference in the subscales of the attitude towards diagnosis (p-value< 0.001) and the attitude towards reporting (p-value< 0.001).At the end of the study, the result of graduated physicians was: The total knowledge and attitude of participants were satisfactory and the majority of the participants were at good levels. Although, in the practice subscale, 70.6% of the participants didn’t identify, 84.7% didn’t refer, and 86.4% didn’t report a case of child abuse in the past year.Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude of Iranian recently graduated physicians regarding child maltreatment are at a satisfactory level. Although, the practice level has deficiencies and needs more education. In addition, Iranian medical training regarding child maltreatment is not sufficient and there are multiple obstacles that need to be solved.
Association of Dementia Comorbidities with Caregivers’ Physical, Psychological, Social, and Financial Burden
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Wang Jing , Liu Hua , Wu Chenkai
Published: May 2022

Background: Informal caregivers of older adults with dementia may experience substantial burdens during their caregiving process, especially when caring for older adults with other comorbid conditions. This study evaluated whether and how comorbidity burden for persons with dementia (PWD) was associated with caregivers’ physical, psychological, social, and financial burden as well as caregiving gain.Methods: Data were from 1,067 community-dwelling older adults living with dementia and their primary caregivers in the National Health and Aging Trends Study and the National Study of Caregiving. PWD’s comorbidity burden was measured by the count of chronic conditions and the pattern of comorbidity identified by the latent class analysis (LCA). We considered four domains of caregiving burden—physical, psychological, social, and financial burden. We used linear regressions to identify the unadjusted and adjusted associations between PWD’s comorbidity burden and caregiving burden and gain. Results: 13.9%, 16.8%, 23.8%, 21.3%, and 24.3% had 0-1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 or more comorbidities, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, an additional chronic condition is associated with an 0.11- and 0.21-point increase in caregivers’ physical and psychological burden, respectively. Caregivers of PWD with five or more chronic conditions had a 0.56- and 1.46-point higher score of physical and psychological burden, respectively, than those caring for PWD with 0 or 1 comorbid condition. Caregivers of PWD in the high comorbidity burden class had a 0.44-point higher score of physical caregiving burden than those in the low comorbidity burden class. No significant association was found between care recipients’ comorbidity burden and their caregivers’ social and financial burden or caregiving gain.Conclusions: The comorbidity burden of PWD was associated with their caregivers’ physical and psychological caregiving burden. Relevant interventions to manage the comorbid conditions of people living with dementia and support their caregivers are crucial to improving their physical health and psychological wellbeing.
Silencing Livin gene expression by RNA interference enhanced the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of drug-resistant MG-63 osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin
Authors: Huang Lei , Lu Shunyi , Bian Mengxuan , Wang Jiayi , Zhang Jian , Sun Kuo
Published: May 2022

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common malignant bone tumor of mesenchymal origin that mainly occurred in adolescent. Chemotherapy resistance is a major difficulty in the treatment of OS. The aim of the present study was to analyze the function of Livin in the drug resistance of osteosarcoma. Methods: A drug-resistant MG-63 (MG-63/R) cell strain was established in vitro by continuously exposing human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells to doxorubicin at gradually increasing concentrations and then determining the index of resistance to doxorubicin. Transfected MG-63/R cells proliferation, viability, migration and invasion were determined with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), live/dead cell staining, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively, and the distribution of the cell cycle phase and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Transcription of Livin mRNA was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and relative expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, MMP2-and MMP-9 were determined by western blot and qRT-PCR. Results: The expression of Livin mRNA was knockdown after transfecting Livin shRNA into MG-63/R cells (p < 0.001). Silencing Livin expression could repress the viability, proliferation, invasion and migration, induce apoptosis and increase Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 levels yet decrease Bcl-2. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in MG-63/R cells.Conclusion: Silencing Livin gene expression can enhance the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of drug-resistant MG-63 osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin, induce apoptosis and inhibit viability, proliferation, migration and invasion ability in MG-63/R cells, suggesting that Livin may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the drug resistance of human osteosarcoma.
The effect of a knee brace on muscle forces during single-leg landings at two heights
Authors: Wang Yubin , Hou Yao , Wu Chenxiao , Liu Haibin , Yu Dan
Published: May 2022

Background: The single-leg landing is one of the maneuvers that has been linked to non-contact ACL injuries, and knee braces have been shown to reduce ACL injury incidence. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a knee brace has an effect on muscle force during single-leg landings at two heights through musculoskeletal simulation.Methods: 11 healthy male participants were recruited to complete single-leg landings at 30 cm and 45 cm between the braced and non-braced. We recorded trajectories and ground reaction force using an 8-camera motion capture system and a force platform. The captured data was imported into the generic musculoskeletal model (Gait2392) in OpenSim. Static optimization was used to calculate muscle forces. Results: The gluteus minimus, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis medial gastrocnemius, lateral gartrocnemius, and soles muscle forces all showed statistically significant differences between the braced and non-braced. Simultaneously, increasing landing height significantly affected gluteus maximums, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedia muscle forces. Conclusions: Our findings imply that the knee brace may be able to alter muscle forces in single-leg landings to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury. Additionally, research demonstrates that people should avoid landing from heights due to the increased risk of knee injuries.
The elements of resilience in the food system and means to enhance the stability of the food supply in Finland
Authors: Karoliina Rimhanen , Jyrki Aakkula , Kalle Aro , Pasi Rikkonen
Published: May 2022

Food systems are increasingly exposed to disruptions and shocks, and they are projected to increase in the future. Most recently, the Covid-19 pandemic has increased concerns about the ability to secure the availability of food at stable prices. This article presents a food system resilience framework to promote a national foresight system to better prepare for shocks and disruptions. Our study identified four key elements of resilience: system thinking through science and communication; redundancy of activities and networks; diversity of production and partners; and buffering strategies. Three national means to enhance resilience in the Finnish food system included domestic protein crop production, renewable energy production, and job creation measures. Primary production was perceived as the cornerstone for food system resilience, and the shocks and disruptions that it confronts therefore call for a sufficient and diverse domestic production volume, supported by the available domestic renewable energy. A dialogue between different actors in the food system was highlighted to format a situational picture and enable a rapid response. Our study suggests that to a certain point, concentration and interdependence in the food system increase dialogue and cooperation. For critical resources, sufficient reserve stocks buffer disruptions over a short period in the event of unexpected production or market disruptions. Introducing and strengthening the identified resilience elements and means to the food system call for the preparation of a more holistic and coherent food system policy that acknowledges and emphasises resilience alongside efficiency.
Controlled g-frames and dual g-frames in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Liu Hui-Min , Fu Yan-Ling , Tian Yu
Published: May 2022

This paper addresses controlled g-frames which are extensions of g-frames and controlled frames. Firstly, we discuss the characterization of controlled g-frames, obtain some equivalent conditions of them. Then, we introduce the concept of controlled dual g-frames and controlled dual g-frames operator, get some properties of them. Finally, we characterize all controlled dual g-frames of a controlled generalized frame.2010 MS Classification: 42C15, 42A38