bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTÁDIO DE MATURAÇÃO DO FRUTO E GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE LAURACEAE
Authors: HIRANO Elcio , POSSAMAI Edilberto
Published: January 2015

O presente trabalho objetivou correlacionar os estádios de maturação do fruto com a maturidade fisiológica da semente em três espécies de Lauraceae, a fim de fornecer indicativos para colheita de sementes. A pesquisa foi feita com frutos de imbuia, canela-sassafrás e canela-guaicá, coletados na região de Canoinhas (SC) nos anos de 2002 e 2003. Os estádios de maturação dos frutos foram verde, maduro e passa. Os resultados mostraram que sementes oriundas de frutos verdes germinam; para canela-sassafrás devem-se coletar os frutos quando o teor de água da semente estiver abaixo de 57,3%; para canela-guaicá quando esse estiver entre 34,1% a 40,2% e para imbuia abaixo de 63,2%. Para essas duas últimas espécies, o fruto verde apresentou menor ataque de insetos que danificam a semente, em relação ao fruto maduro e passa.
SELEÇÃO DE FAMÍLIAS DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR VIA MODELOS MISTOS
Authors: OLIVEIRA Ricardo Augusto de , DAROS Edelclaiton , BESPALHOK FILHO João Carlos , ZAMBON José Luis Camargo , IDO Oswaldo Teruyo , WEBER Heroldo , RESENDE Marcos Deon Vilela de , ZENI NETO Hugo
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho, selecionar famílias superiores de cana-de-açúcar oriundas de cruzamentos biparentais, para produção de biomassa via modelos mistos. Adotou-se a metodologia REML/BLUP, onde o REML permitiu estimar a variância genética e o BLUP a estimar os valores genéticos das famílias utilizadas no presente estudo. Foram utilizadas 80 famílias originadas de cruzamentos biparentais da série RB03, provenientes de cruzamentos realizados na Estação de Cruzamentos Serra do Ouro, Município de Murici, Alagoas, no ano de 2003. O trabalho foi conduzido em área experimental, localizada no Município de São Tomé, Paraná. O delineamento estatístico do experimento foi em blocos incompletos, com cinco repetições por família. Cada parcela foi composta de dez plantas. Para seleção das famílias superiores adotou-se a produção de biomassa expressa em tonelada de cana por hectare (TCH). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a herdabilidade individual () apresentou média magnitude (0,22), enquanto que em nível de famílias a herdabilidade média das famílias () foi alta magnitude (0,73). Ao realizar a seleção das famílias com valores genotípicos acima da média experimental, estima-se ganhos significativos para TCH. Sendo que as cinco melhores famílias para TCH foram originadas dos cruzamentos biparentais RB825336 e SP80-1816, RB825548 e RB855156, SP80-3280 e RB845257, RB83102 e RB855113, RB8495 e RB835089.
ANÁLISES PARAMÉTRICAS E NÃO-PARAMÉTRICAS PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DA ADAPTABILIDADE E ESTABILIDADE DE GENÓTIPOS DE SOJA
Authors: BARROS Hélio Bandeira , SEDIYAMA Tuneo , TEIXEIRA Rita De Cássia , CRUZ Cosme Damião
Published: January 2015

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a estabilidade e a adaptabilidade produtiva de 30 genótipos de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], em seis ambientes no Estado do Mato Grosso. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os ensaios foram conduzidos no ano de 2004/05 nos municípios de Rondonópolis, Campo Verde, Nova Brasilândia e Vera. Para avaliação da adaptabilidade e estabilidade, utilizaram-se os métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966), Lin e Binns (1988) modificado por Carneiro (1998), Annicchiarico (1992) e Centróide (Rocha et al., 2005). A produtividade média de grãos variou de 2.837 kg ha-1 (Rondonópolis III) a 3.701 kg ha-1 (Vera), com média geral entre os ambientes de 3.200 kg ha-1. Pela metodologia proposta por Eberhart e Russell, as linhagens SL 2238, SL 1949, SL 31, SL 2382 e os padrões Uirapuru e M-Soy 8411 apresentaram as maiores médias, ampla adaptabilidade (= 1) e significativos, ou seja, baixa estabilidade. Pelas metodologias de Lin e Binns, Annicchiarico e Centróide, as linhagens SL 2238, SL 712, SL 1949 e a cultivar Uirapuru foram classificadas como as mais produtivas, adaptadas e estáveis, havendo, portanto, coerência entre tais metodologias. Com base nas metodologias de Lin e Binns (1988), Annicchiarico (1992) e Centróide (Rocha et al. 2005), as linhagens SL 2238, SL 1949 e SL 712 apresentaram superioridade em termos de adaptabilidade, estabilidade e desempenho para a produtividade de grãos.
THYSANOPTERA COLETADOS EM POMARES DE Prunus persica NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAUCÁRIA, PARANÁ
Authors: SCHUBER Joselia Maria , POLTRONIERI Alex Sandro , ZAWADNEAK Maria Aparecida Cassilha , CARDOSO Nerio Aparecido , SOARES Irani Castro da Silva
Published: January 2015

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a ocorrência de espécies de tripes em pomares de pessegueiros (Prunus persica) e de nectarina (Prunus persica var. Nucipersica). Vinte e quatro armadilhas Möericke foram instaladas em seis pomares de pessegueiros, no período de julho de 2005 a setembro de 2006; e em dois pomares de nectarina, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2007. Semanalmente o conteúdo das armadilhas foi coletado, triado e os tripes identificados. Nos pomares de pessegueiros foram coletadas as espécies: Arorathrips mexicanus Crawford, 1909; Caliothrips phaseoli Hood, 1912; Ceratothripoides lagoenacollus (Moulton, 1933); Frankliniella insularis Franklin, 1908; Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, 1895; Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom, 1910); Frankliniella simplex Priesner, 1924; Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin, 1908); Haplothrips sp. e Neohydatothrips sp. Nos pomares de nectarina foram identificadas as espécies: Arorathrips fulvus Moulton, 1936, F. insularis, F. occidentalis, F. schultzei, Neohydatothrips sp., Thrips australis Bagnall, 1915 e Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1889. Este estudo demonstrou a diversidade de Thysanoptera com ocorrência em pomares de fruteiras de caroço da região.
COMPRIMENTO DAS ESTACAS NO ENRAIZAMENTO DE MELALEUCA
Authors: OLIVEIRA Yohana de , SILVA André Luís Lopes da , PINTO Fernanda , QUOIRIN Marguerite , BIASI Luiz Antonio
Published: January 2015

Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (Myrtaceae), também conhecida por “tea tree”, é uma árvore nativa da Austrália com grande importância econômica devido a extração do óleo essencial de suas folhas, que é utilizado na indústria farmacêutica por possuir comprovada ação antimicrobiana e antifúngica. O principal problema encontrado para a expansão do cultivo de Melaleuca alternifolia é a produção de mudas, já que estudos sobre a propagação desta espécie são escassos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes comprimentos de estaca no enraizamento da espécie. Para tanto, estacas caulinares apicais foram confeccionadas com 10, 15 e 20 cm de comprimento, cortadas em bisel na base, mantendo-se um terço das folhas na porção apical, sendo as bases das mesmas tratadas com 1500 mg L-1 de AIB. Para o plantio foram utilizados tubetes de polipropileno com capacidade de 53 cm3, contendo substrato Plantmax HT®. As estacas foram mantidas em casa-de-vegetação com nebulização intermitente e, após 120 dias do plantio, foram avaliadas as variáveis: porcentagem de enraizamento, porcentagem de sobrevivência, número médio de raízes por estaca e comprimento médio das três maiores raízes por estaca (cm). Pôde-se concluir que estacas de M. alternifolia com 10 cm apresentam maior porcentagem de enraizamento em relação a estacas com 15 e 20 cm.
CONTROLE QUÍMICO DO OÍDIO NA CULTURA DA SOJA
Authors: TOIGO Sonia , SANTOS Idalmir Dos , CARNIELETTO Carlos Eduardo , MAZZARO Sérgio Miguel
Published: January 2015

A ocorrência de oídio em soja, sobretudo quando as condições ambientais são favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da doença, pode afetar a cultura e ocasionar danos significativos no rendimento de grãos. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de fungicidas no controle do oídio (Microsphaera diffusa) na cultura da soja (Glycine max), realizou-se um experimento no município de Pato Branco, PR, no ano agrícola 04/2005, utilizando-se a cultivar de soja EMBRAPA 48. Uma aplicação dos produtos foi feita quando as plantas encontravam-se no estádio R1. As avaliações da severidade da doença foram realizadas no momento imediatamente anterior a aplicação e posteriormente, foram realizadas semanalmente. Com os dados foi determinada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), em função dos tratamentos. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos seguintes princípios ativos: azoxistrobina + ciproconazole, flutriafol + tiofanato metílico, ciproconazole + propiconazole, fenarimol, flutriafol, trifloxistrobina + ciproconazole, trifloxistrobina + tebuconazole, tetraconazole. Foi incluído um tratamento testemunha sem a aplicação de fungicidas. A maior AACPD da doença foi observada na testemunha com 51,8%. Os tratamentos com fungicidas que se destacaram com menor AACPD e com o aumento da produtividade da soja foram flutriafol + tiofanato metílico, trifloxistrobina + tebuconazole e trifloxistrobina + ciproconazole, que apresentaram um controle da doença de 85,8, 82,1 e 90,3% respectivamente. O acréscimo no rendimento de grãos foi influenciado pelos fungicidas, comparando com o rendimento obtido na testemunha, estimou-se um incremento produtivo proporcionado pelos fungicidas entre 33,2% e 51%.
QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E SANITÁRIA DAS SEMENTES SOB SEMEADURA ANTECIPADA DA SOJA
Authors: ALBRECHT Leandro Paiola , BRACCINI Alessandro De Lucca e , SCAPIM Carlos Alberto , AGUIAR Celso Gonçalves de , ÁVILA Marizangela Rizzatti , STÜLP Marcibela STÜLP
Published: January 2015

A semeadura antecipada da soja, particularmente com cultivares precoces, é prática que vem sendo adotada por muitos produtores paranaenses com o intuito de antecipar a colheita da cultura e viabilizar o cultivo de milho safrinha. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da antecipação da semeadura na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes de soja, foram instalados ensaios de competição de cultivares na unidade da COODETEC, em Palotina, PR. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, conduzido em duas safras (2003/2004 e 2004/2005), com três cultivares precoces (CD 202, CD 215 e CD 216), semeadas em cinco épocas (15/09, 30/09, 15/10, 30/10 e 15/11). A qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja foi avaliada por meio dos testes de germinação (primeira contagem e contagem final) e de tetrazólio (vigor e viabilidade). O “blotter test” foi aplicado para caracterizar a sanidade das sementes. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de variância conjunta e realizados os desdobramentos das interações quando necessários. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a semeadura em 30/10 foi favorável à obtenção de sementes com melhor qualidade.
OCORRÊNCIA E FLUTUAÇÃO POPULACIONAL DE TESOURINHAS EM POMARES DE PESSEGUEIRO NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAUCÁRIA, PARANÁ
Authors: POLTRONIERI Alex Sandro , SCHUBER Joselia Maria , ZAWADNEAK Maria Aparecida Cassilha , CARDOSO Nério Aparecido
Published: January 2015

O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de tesourinhas em pomares de pessegueiros, bem como registrar a sua flutuação populacional. Foram instaladas cento e vinte cintas-armadilha em quatro pomares de pessegueiro, localizados no município de Araucária, Paraná, no período de outubro de 2005 a outubro de 2006. A espécie de tesourinha encontrada foi Doru lineare (Eschs. 1822). As maiores populações de D. lineare foram registradas entre maio e agosto, durante o período de dormência do pessegueiro e a ausência do inseto nas armadilhas foi verificada durante o período vegetativo das plantas
COLHEITA E GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE IPÊ (Tabebuia chrysotricha)
Authors: MARTINELLI-SENEME Adriana , HOFFMAN Susane , POSSAMAI Edilberto
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o momento de colheita e o substrato mais favorável à germinação das sementes de ipê (Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.) As síliquas de ipê foram colhidas diretamente da copa em 12 árvores matrizes em outubro de 2004 e, em seguida, foram separadas em grupos, segundo as características físicas que identificaram os estágios de colheita: 1) síliqua maior que 20 cm de comprimento e fechada; 2) síliqua menor que 20 cm de comprimento e fechada; 3) síliqua em início de abertura e 4) síliqua aberta e em início de dispersão. Para caracterização dos estágios, mensurou-se a espessura, a largura e o comprimento das síliquas, exceto para aquelas do estágio de colheita 4 que já encontravam-se abertas impossibilitando o procedimento. Determinou-se o teor de água. O teste de germinação foi conduzido sob temperatura constante de 25 °C em três substratos: papel filtro, areia e vermiculita e as avaliações realizadas aos sete e 14 dias após a instalação do teste. A análise estatística foi realizada em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 (quatro estágios de colheita e três tipos de substrato), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes para cada tratamento. As médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P>0,05). De acordo com os resultados, verificou-se que o substrato vermiculita proporcionou germinação mais rápida do que o papel, em qualquer estágio de colheita das sementes,  e que as sementes provenientes de síliquas fechadas, com teor de água entre 63,1 e 64,3%, apresentaram maiores valores de germinação, independente do substrato utilizado.
REVISORES CIENTÍFICOS - 2008
Authors: Jasper Samir Paulo
Published: January 2015

Listagem alfabética dos revisores científicos que emitiram pareceres para a revista Scientia Agraria no ano de 2008.
Time from first detectable PSA following radical prostatectomy to biochemical recurrence: A competing risk analysis
Authors: De Boo Leonora , Pintilie Melania , Yip Paul , Baniel Jack , Fleshner Neil , Margel David
Published: January 2015

Introduction: In this study, we estimated the time from first detectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) following radical prostatectomy(RP) to commonly used definitions of biochemical recurrence (BCR). We also identified the predictors of time to BCR.Methods: We identified subjects who underwent a RP and had an undetectable PSA after surgery followed by at least 1 detectable PSA between 2000 and 2011. The primary outcome was time to BCR (PSA ≥0.2 and successive PSA ≥0.2) and prediction of the rate of PSA rise. Outcomes were calculated using a competing risk analysis, with univariable and multivariable Fine and Grey models. We employed a mixed effect model to test clinical predictors that are associated with the rate of PSA rise.Results: The cohort included 376 patients. The median follow-up from surgery was 60.5 months (interquartile range [IQR] 40.8–91.5) and from detectable PSA was 18 months (IQR 11–32). Only 45.74% (n = 172) had PSA values ≥0.2 ng/mL, while 15.16% (n = 57) reached the PSA level of ≥0.4 ng/mL and rising. On multivariable analysis, the values of the first detectable PSA and pathologic Gleason grade 8 or higher were consistently independent predictors of time to BCR. In the mixed effect model rate, the PSA rise was associated with time from surgery to first detectable PSA, Gleason score, and prostate volume. The main limitation of this study is the large proportion of patients that received treatment without reaching BCR. It is plausible that shorter estimated median times would occur at a centre that does not use salvage therapy at such an early state.Conclusion: The time from first detectable PSA to BCR may be lengthy. Our analyses of the predictors of the rate of PSA rise can help determine a personalized approach for patients with a detectable PSA after surgery.
Excising multiple ureteral cysts endoscopically utilizing the OmniPlus-Max 80 W holmium laser
Authors: Blewniewski Mariusz , Rozanski Waldemar
Published: January 2015

We present a rare case of ureteral cysts in the left ureter treated by an endoscopic holmium laser. These cysts caused asymptomatic hydronephrosis in the left kidney. Complete cyst removal was performed by a ureteroscopically applied holmium laser. Six months post-procedure, the patient had no recurrence, which suggests that endoscopic excision is an optimal treatment for this disorder. Periodic ureteroscopic examination is indicated for further observation.
Les effets du bruit sur la santé mentale : recension des écrits
Authors: Makopa Kenda Israel , Agoub Mohamed , Ahami A.O.T.
Published: January 2015

La présente étude est une revue critique de la documentation scientifique sur les effets du bruit sur la santé mentale. Cette étude a été réalisée sur la base de la recherche de mots-clés, de l’impact factor des revues, du nombre de fois que l’article a été cité. Hinari a servi de base des données. L’analyse et la sélection des articles scientifiques nous ont permis de les regrouper en trois catégories d’études. Les études fondamentales ont dosé les taux des hormones de stress dans le plasma, les urines et la salive. Les études expérimentales ont exposé les sujets humains à la pollution sonore pour évaluer les déficits de leurs mémoire, attention et performance. Les études épidémiologiques ont évalué les déficits cognitifs chez les élèves étudiant dans des milieux bruyants et l’état de santé mentale des individus habitant aux alentours des aéroports, voies ferrées et des autoroutes. Les études fondamentales et expérimentales ont abouti à un consensus scientifique sur les effets négatifs du bruit tandis que les résultats des études épidémiologiques ne permettent pas de tirer des conclusions solides, des études ultérieures s’avèrent donc nécessaires.
Premières identifications d’un profil traumatique chez des patients hospitalisés en psychiatrie en Martinique
Authors: Evans M. , Vacher E. , Lamy S. , Seridi H. , Jan M. , Debien C. , Sigward J.-M. , Jehel L.
Published: January 2015

La population hospitalisée en psychiatrie apparaît davantage exposée à des événements traumatiques que la population française en général, avec plus particulièrement des agressions à caractère sexuel. Notre objectif principal est de décrire la population hospitalisée en psychiatrie et en particulier l’histoire traumatique des patients, les comorbidités associées (psychiatriques et addictologiques) ainsi que le niveau socioéconomique. Cette étude descriptive, transversale et rétrospective a été réalisée au Centre de crise du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Martinique de février à juillet 2013. Un questionnaire socioéconomique, le Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0, le Trauma History Questionnaire et le questionnaire Impact Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) ont été réalisés de façon aléatoire auprès de 49 des 143 patients admis sur cette période (soit 34,3 %). Dans notre échantillon, une moyenne de 6,5 types différents d’événements traumatiques a été établie (écart-type = 4,2) : 38,8 % des patients rapportent un traumatisme à la suite d’une catastrophe naturelle, et 38,8 % déclarent au moins une agression sexuelle. Parmi les 25 patients souffrant de syndrome de stress post-traumatique, 66,7 % ont subi une agression sexuelle dans l’enfance, avant l’âge de 10 ans (P = 0,01), et dans l’adolescence, entre 10 et 18 ans (P = 0,01). Ces résultats soulignent l’importance d’interroger systématiquement le profil traumatique, c’est-à-dire l’association entre les événements traumatiques et leur retentissement clinique.
Delay-dependent contributions of medial temporal lobe regions to episodic memory retrieval
Authors: Ritchey Maureen , Montchal Maria E , Yonelinas Andrew P , Ranganath Charan
Published: January 2015

The medial temporal lobes play an important role in episodic memory, but over time, hippocampal contributions to retrieval may be diminished. However, it is unclear whether such changes are related to the ability to retrieve contextual information, and whether they are common across all medial temporal regions. Here, we used functional neuroimaging to compare neural responses during immediate and delayed recognition. Results showed that recollection-related activity in the posterior hippocampus declined after a 1-day delay. In contrast, activity was relatively stable in the anterior hippocampus and in neocortical areas. Multi-voxel pattern similarity analyses also revealed that anterior hippocampal patterns contained information about context during item recognition, and after a delay, context coding in this region was related to successful retention of context information. Together, these findings suggest that the anterior and posterior hippocampus have different contributions to memory over time and that neurobiological models of memory must account for these differences.
Water‐Based Blend Nanoparticles of P3HT and PCBM for the Application in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ghazy Omayma A.
Published: January 2015

In this work, blend nanoparticles of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were prepared with different composition ratios, namely 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30. Larger particle size is found for the blend nanoparticles with higher P3HT content, as measured by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The blending of nanoparticles did not affect the optical properties of the two materials as indicated by the UV–vis absorption spectra. The photoluminescence spectra of the blend nanoparticles reveal an efficient charge separation reflected by the quenching of the P3HT emission band by the PCBM. The quenching efficiency increases as the content of the PCBM increases. Good layer morphologies were obtained from casting the blend nanoparticles. The layer morphology was further improved by thermal annealing as indicated from the atomic force microscopy results. The water‐based dispersions offer a promising straightforward strategy toward the large‐scale fabrication of organic solar cells.
Facial asymmetry and genetic ancestry inLatinAmerican admixed populations
Authors: Quinto‐Sánchez Mirsha , Adhikari Kaustubh , Acuña‐Alonzo Victor , Cintas Celia , Silva de Cerqueira Caio Cesar , Ramallo Virginia , Castillo Lucia , Farrera Arodi , Jaramillo Claudia , Arias Williams , Fuentes Macarena , Everardo Paola , de Avila Francisco , Gomez‐Valdés Jorge , Hünemeier Tábita , Gibbon Shara , Gallo Carla , Poletti Giovanni , Rosique Javier , Bortolini Maria Cátira , Canizales‐Quinteros Samuel , Rothhammer Francisco , Bedoya Gabriel , Ruiz‐Linares Andres , González‐José Rolando
Published: January 2015

Fluctuating and directional asymmetry are aspects of morphological variation widely used to infer environmental and genetic factors affecting facial phenotypes. However, the genetic basis and environmental determinants of both asymmetry types is far from being completely known. The analysis of facial asymmetries in admixed individuals can be of help to characterize the impact of a genome's heterozygosity on the developmental basis of both fluctuating and directional asymmetries. Here we characterize the association between genetic ancestry and individual asymmetry on a sample of Latin‐American admixed populations. To do so, three‐dimensional (3D) facial shape attributes were explored on a sample of 4,104 volunteers aged between 18 and 85 years. Individual ancestry and heterozygosity was estimated using more than 730,000 genome‐wide markers. Multivariate techniques applied to geometric morphometric data were used to evaluate the magnitude and significance of directional and fluctuating asymmetry (FA), as well as correlations and multiple regressions aimed to estimate the relationship between facial FA scores and heterozygosity and a set of covariates. Results indicate that directional and FA are both significant, the former being the strongest expression of asymmetry in this sample. In addition, our analyses suggest that there are some specific patterns of facial asymmetries characterizing the different ancestry groups. Finally, we find that more heterozygous individuals exhibit lower levels of asymmetry. Our results highlight the importance of including ancestry‐admixture estimators, especially when the analyses are aimed to compare levels of asymmetries on groups differing on socioeconomic levels, as a proxy to estimate developmental noise. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:58–70, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organische Synthese: Vormarsch der Maschinen
Authors: Ley Steven V. , Fitzpatrick Daniel E. , Ingham Richard. J. , Myers Rebecca M.
Published: January 2015

Die organische Synthese ist im Wandel begriffen: Da Forschungsetats zunehmend gekürzt werden und der Einfluss chemischer Verfahren auf die Umwelt genau geprüft wird, wird immer deutlicher, dass der effiziente Einsatz von Personal im Labor mindestens so bedeutsam ist wie die Materialverwendung. Neue Techniken und Maschinen verändern unsere Arbeitsweise, und indem die zuvor genannten Punkte — Personal und Material – erfasst werden, ermöglichen sie es Chemikern in Forschungslaboratorien, einen eher ganzheitlichen Ansatz für ihre Tätigkeit zu finden. Moderne Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet fördern multidisziplinäres Vorgehen mit dem Ergebnis effizienterer Arbeit. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt die Konzepte, Verfahren und Methoden, die weitreichende Implikationen für die Chemie insgesamt haben. Thematisch ist der Aufsatz nach unterschiedlichen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten gegliedert, und neuere Anwendungen in innovativen Forschungslabors werden beschrieben.
Biofabrication of Cell‐Loaded 3D Spider Silk Constructs
Authors: Schacht Kristin , Jüngst Tomasz , Schweinlin Matthias , Ewald Andrea , Groll Jürgen , Scheibel Thomas
Published: January 2015

Biofabrication is an emerging and rapidly expanding field of research in which additive manufacturing techniques in combination with cell printing are exploited to generate hierarchical tissue‐like structures. Materials that combine printability with cytocompatibility, so called bioinks, are currently the biggest bottleneck. Since recombinant spider silk proteins are non‐immunogenic, cytocompatible, and exhibit physical crosslinking, their potential as a new bioink system was evaluated. Cell‐loaded spider silk constructs can be printed by robotic dispensing without the need for crosslinking additives or thickeners for mechanical stabilization. Cells are able to adhere and proliferate with good viability over at least one week in such spider silk scaffolds. Introduction of a cell‐binding motif to the spider silk protein further enables fine‐tuned control over cell–material interactions. Spider silk hydrogels are thus a highly attractive novel bioink for biofabrication.
Phosphonic acid‐containing polysulfones as anticorrosive layers
Authors: Chauveau Edouard , Marestin Catherine , Mercier Régis , Brunaux Alexis , Martin Vincent , Nogueira Ricardo P. , Percheron Aurélien , Roche Virginie , Waton Hugues
Published: January 2015

As a part of research work to elaborate polymeric materials for metal corrosion protection, we have developed a new family of phosphonic acid‐containing polymers. The synthesis and the characterization of polysulfones bearing alkyl phosphonate ester side groups are first described. These polymers are synthesized by direct polycondensation of a phosphonate ester‐containing bisphenol by aromatic nucleophilic substitution. The physicochemical properties of the resulting polymers are described. Acidic hydrolysis of phosphonate esters results in the formation of phosphonic acid groups. A series of phosphonic acid‐containing polysulfones is therefore obtained and characterized. A preliminary evaluation of the anticorrosive properties of these polymers is described. In 0.25M Na2SO4 solution, the corrosion rate of a polymer‐coated mild steel sample is much lower than of the free metal substrate. These results suggest that phosphonic acid‐containing polysulfones might be interesting as anticorrosive coatings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41890.
Epoxide‐terminated hyperbranched polyether sulphone as triple enhancement modifier for DGEBA
Authors: Miao Xuepei , Meng Yan , Li Xiaoyu
Published: January 2015

Epoxide‐terminated hyperbranched polyether sulphones (EHBPESs) with different backbone structures were synthesized and used as tougheners for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) curing system, which result in nonphase‐separated cured networks. Effects of backbone structure (at comparable degree of polymerization) and loading contents on the mechanical and thermal properties of cured hybrids were investigated. The hybrid containing EHBPES3, which has the most flexible backbone, shows the best mechanical performance and highest glass transition temperature (Tg). Compared with unmodified system, the impact strength, tensile strength, elongation at break of the hybrid containing 5% EHBPES3 increased by 69.8%, 9.4%, and 60.2%, respectively. The balanced improvements were attributed to the increased crosslink density and fractional free volume as well as the unique inhomogeneous network structure because of incorporation of hyperbranched modifiers with proper structure and loading contents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41910.
The Future of Social Policy—Changing the Paradigm
Authors: Piachaud David
Published: January 2015

The future of the social state is, throughout the world, uncertain, but, as Piketty argues, it is of the utmost importance. The dominant paradigm for thinking about social policy both in terms of government action and academic analysis has been the social service model, as exemplified in the work of Richard Titmuss. In the West, there has been a growing crisis in social policy. Demand for social services has increased for demographic, economic, technological and political reasons; supply has been constrained for economic and political reasons. There is a growing realisation that social services are only one, often small, factor in determining social outcomes. Yet the social service model focuses largely on inputs. It is argued, with examples from across the life cycle, that the paradigm for social policy needs to change from focusing on inputs to focusing on the intended outcomes or social goals.
Novel Mcl‐1/Bcl‐2 Dual Inhibitors Created by the Structure‐Based Hybridization of Drug‐Divided Building Blocks and a Fragment Deconstructed from a Known Two‐Face BH3 Mimetic
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Su Pengchen , Li Xiangqian , Song Ting , Chai Gaobo , Yu Xiaoyan , Zhang Keren
Published: January 2015

We have previously reported a small‐molecule two‐face Bim BH3 mimetic, 2,3‐dihydroxy‐6‐(4‐isopropylphenylthio)anthracene‐9,10‐dione (1). Herein, we linked a polyphenol fragment, which was deconstructed from compound 1, with a drug‐derived building block gained from computer‐aided molecular design. 2‐Phenyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole as a new scaffold for two‐face Bim mimetics was developed; based on this, a series of Mcl‐1/Bcl‐2 dual inhibitors were obtained. The most potent compound 6d binds to Mcl‐1 and Bcl‐2 with Ki values of 127 and 607 nM, respectively, and effectively induces apoptosis in a dose‐dependent, mechanism‐based manner in multiple cancer cell lines.
Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles and its effect on actively dividing cells of mitosis in Allium cepa
Authors: Nagaonkar Dipali , Shende Sudhir , Rai Mahendra
Published: January 2015

Nanobiotechnological application of copper nanoparticles has paved the way for advancement in agriculture owing to its bactericidal and fungicidal activities. Recently, researchers have focussed on bioinspired synthesis of copper nanoparticles as a viable alternative to existing physicochemical techniques. For the commercialization of nanocopper, the toxicity evaluation is a major issue. In this context, Citrus medica (L.) fruit extract‐mediated copper nanoparticles were synthesized and its different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µg mL−1) were evaluated for its effect on actively dividing cells of Allium cepa. The study clearly revealed that copper nanoparticles increased mitotic index up to the concentration of 20 µg mL−1. In addition, a gradual decline in mitotic index and increase in abnormality index was observed as the concentration of copper nanoparticles and treatment duration were increased. Aberrations in chromosomal behavior such as sticky and disturbed chromosomes in metaphase and anaphase, c‐metaphase, bridges, laggard, disturbed telophase, and vacuolated nucleus were also observed. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:557–565, 2015
Hofmeister Phenomena in Bioelectrochemistry: The Supporting Electrolyte Affects the Response of Glucose Electrodes
Authors: Carucci Cristina , Haltenort Philipp , Salazar Marcela , Salis Andrea , Magner Edmond
Published: January 2015

The faradaic response of ferrocene–methanol when used as a mediator for the catalytic oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase was examined in a range of electrolytes. The response was modulated by the nature of the salt used. A two‐fold difference was observed with the sodium salts of fluoride and thiocyanate, with a 24 % difference between NaCl and KCl. The changes in the response can be explained by the Hofmeister effect, with specific ion effects arising between the mediator and the co‐substrate binding pocket of the enzyme. Such differences can significantly affect the response of electrochemically mediated glucose biosensors and biofuel cells and emphasise the importance of carefully considering the solution conditions when evaluating the properties of glucose oxidase based biosensors and biofuel cells.
Loading of a Coordination Polymer Nanobelt on a Functional Carbon Fiber: A Feasible Strategy for Visible‐Light‐Active and Highly Efficient Coordination‐Polymer‐Based Photocatalysts
Authors: Xu Xin‐Xin , Yang Hong‐Yu , Li Zhen‐Yu , Liu Xiao‐Xia , Wang Xiu‐Li
Published: January 2015

To improve the photocatalytic properties of coordination polymers under irradiation in the visible‐light region, coordination polymer nanobelts (CPNB) were loaded on functional carbon fiber (FCF) through the use of a simple colloidal blending process. The resulting coordination polymer nanobelt loaded functional carbon fiber composite material (CPNB/FCF) exhibited dramatically improved photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible‐light irradiation. Optical and electrochemical methods illustrated the enhanced photocatalytic activity of CPNB/FCF originated from high separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes on the interface of CPNB and FCF, which was produced by the synergy effect between them. In the composite material, the role of FCF could be described as photosensitizer and good electron transporter. For FCF, the number of functional groups on its surface has a significant influence on the photocatalytic performance of the resulting CPNB/FCF composite material, and an ideal FCF carrier was obtained as a highly efficient CPNB/FCF photocatalyst. CPNB/FCF showed outstanding stability during the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB); thus, the material is suitable for use as a photocatalyst in the treatment of organic dyes in water.
pH‐Regulated Selectivity in Supramolecular Polymerizations: Switching between Co‐ and Homopolymers
Authors: Frisch Hendrik , Nie Yan , Raunser Stefan , Besenius Pol
Published: January 2015

A strategy is presented to regulate the selectivity in aqueous supramolecular polymerizations by changes in pH. In neutral buffered conditions, oppositely charged phenylalanine‐based dendritic peptide amphiphiles self‐assemble into (AB)n alternating copolymers of low polydispersity when mixed in a 1:1 comonomer feed ratio. Via pH switch of the glutamic acid and lysine side chains, attractive Coulomb interactions in the coassembled materials are screened and selective polymerization occurs to form (A)n homopolymers of the acidic comonomer at low pH and (B)n homopolymers of the basic comonomer at high pH, while the complementary comonomer is released during the transition. Reversible switching is demonstrated between these three different polymeric states, which were characterized by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy, using a peptide based minimalistic fluorophore/quencher pair, and transmission electron microscopy.
A prospective nonrandomized phase I/II study of carbon ion radiotherapy in a favorable subset of locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Takahashi Wataru , Nakajima Mio , Yamamoto Naoyoshi , Yamashita Hideomi , Nakagawa Keiichi , Miyamoto Tadaaki , Tsuji Hiroshi , Kamada Tadashi , Fujisawa Takehiko
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has become the standard approach for unresectable locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (LA‐NSCLC), most patients are not candidates for this treatment because of comorbidities. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) in LA‐NSCLC patients.

METHODS

Patients with stage IIA to IIIA (UICC 7th edition) LA‐NSCLC were enrolled in a sequential phase I/II trial. For a phase I dose escalation study, the total prescribed dose was increased by 4 Gray equivalents (GyE) in 2 steps, from 68 to 72 GyE and then to 76 GyE, using 16 fractions over 4 weeks. After determining the recommended dose, the phase II trial was started in an expanded cohort.

RESULTS

Of the 36 patients treated in phase I, 2 grade 3 adverse events (radiation pneumonitis and tracheoesophageal fistula) were observed in the 76 GyE group. Accordingly, for phase II, the next consecutive 26 patients were treated with 72 GyE, with no grade 3 to 5 toxicities resulting. A total of 62 eligible patients were recruited. The majority of patients (49 of 62) were N0 or N1 patients, and the rest (13 of 62) were single‐station N2 patients. The median follow‐up period was 25.2 months. The 2‐year local control rate (LCR) and overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort were 93.1% and 51.9%, respectively. In particular, patients with cT3‐4N0 had an excellent prognosis; the 2‐year OS and LCR were 69.3% and 100%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Short‐course CIRT monotherapy shows promise as an effective nonsurgical treatment for inoperable LA‐NSCLC. Cancer 2015;121:1321–1327. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Clinical value of ERG, TFF3, and SPINK1 for molecular subtyping of prostate cancer
Authors: Terry Stéphane , Nicolaiew Nathalie , Basset Victor , Semprez Fannie , Soyeux Pascale , Maillé Pascale , Vacherot Francis , Ploussard Guillaume , Londoño‐Vallejo Arturo , de la Taille Alexandre , Allory Yves
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

In view of the marked molecular heterogeneity of prostate cancer (PCa), clinical and pathologic parameters alone may be unreliable for predicting disease outcomes after surgical intervention. The development of biomarkers may be helpful to estimate tumor heterogeneity and stratify patients in terms of their risk of progression. Levels of v‐ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG), trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), and serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) are commonly elevated in PCa, but it is unclear whether the evaluation of these 3 markers can help to discriminate patients who will have different clinical outcomes. The authors investigated whether assessment of ERG, TFF3, and SPINK1 expression could help to define clinically relevant, distinct subsets of patients with PCa.

METHODS

The cohort consisted of 279 men with PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy at Henri Mondor Hospital. Expression levels of ERG, TFF3, and SPINK1 were evaluated immunohistochemically in the prostatectomy specimens. Potential associations of ERG, TFF3, and SPINK1 with age, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), tumor stage, Gleason score, and biochemical recurrence, defined by PSA failure, were investigated.

RESULTS

Although prognostic significance was not observed for ERG or TFF3, an exclusive pattern of expression was demonstrated for TFF3 and ERG. SPINK1 expression was observed exclusively in a subgroup of cancers that expressed TFF3 (41 of 175 tumors). Moreover, SPINK1 positivity was identified as predictive of biochemical recurrence in univariate (P = .0009) and multivariate (P = .0003) analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

The current results suggest that ERG and TFF3 characterize 2 distinct subsets of PCa, with a more aggressive subgroup of TFF3‐expressing tumors that express SPINK1. Together, these findings support a rationale of screening for these biomarkers for prognostic purposes and molecular subtyping of the disease. Cancer 2015;121:1422–1430. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Final analysis of the efficacy and safety of omacetaxine mepesuccinate in patients with chronic‐ or accelerated‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia: Results with 24 months of follow‐up
Authors: Cortes Jorge E. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Rea Delphine , Wetzler Meir , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Akard Luke , Khoury H. Jean , Michallet Mauricette , Guerci‐Bresler Agnès , Chuah Charles , Hellmann Andrzej , Digumarti Raghunadharao , Parikh Purvish M. , Legros Laurence , Warzocha Krzysztof , Baccarani Michele , Li Elizabeth , Munteanu Mihaela , Nicolini Franck E.
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Omacetaxine, a protein synthesis inhibitor, is indicated in the United States for the treatment of patients with chronic‐phase (CP) or accelerated‐phase (AP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with resistance and/or intolerance to 2 or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

METHODS

The final analysis, with 24 months of follow‐up, included additional efficacy and safety analyses to assess the benefit of long‐term omacetaxine administration (1.25 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days every 28 days followed by 7 days every 28 days) in CP‐CML and AP‐CML patients receiving >3 cycles.

RESULTS

Eighteen percent of CP‐CML patients achieved a major cytogenetic response (MCyR) with a median duration of 12.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5 months to not reached [NR]); responses were maintained for ≥12 months in 3 of 14 responders, and the median overall survival (OS) was 40.3 months (95% CI, 23.8 months to NR). Among patients with AP‐CML, 14% achieved or maintained a major hematologic response for a median of 4.7 months (95% CI, 3.6 months to NR); MCyR was not achieved, and the median OS was 14.3 months (95% CI, 6.7‐18.7 months). In patients with CP‐CML and patients with AP‐CML who received >3 cycles of treatment (n = 50 and n = 14, respectively), the median OS was 49.3 months (95% CI, 23.8 months to NR) and 24.6 months (95% CI, 12‐37.2 months), respectively. Grade 3 or higher hematologic toxicities were the major side effects (79% and 73% for CP‐CML and AP‐CML, respectively), with discontinuation due to toxicity in 10% of CP patients and in 5% of AP patients.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that the long‐term administration of omacetaxine is feasible with dose adjustments to manage toxicities and that omacetaxine provides a durable benefit for some patients. Cancer 2015;121:1637–1644. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Pretreatment Dysphagia Inventory and videofluorographic swallowing study as prognostic indicators of early survival outcomes in head and neck cancer
Authors: Yang Chan Joo , Roh Jong‐Lyel , Choi Kyoung Hyo , Kim Min‐Ju , Choi Seung‐Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

The prognostic role of swallowing‐related, pretreatment subjective and objective findings has not been investigated in detail. The authors evaluated the association between pretreatment MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) or videofluorographic swallowing study (VFSS) results and standard outcomes, including early recurrence and survival, in patients with treatment‐naïve head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

METHODS

Patients with HNSCC (n = 191) who received treatment at the authors' institution and were examined by self‐administered MDADI questionnaires and VFSS were prospectively enrolled. MDADI and VFSS findings were analyzed in correlation with clinicopathologic variables, and factors that predicted 2‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified using a Cox proportional‐hazards regression model.

RESULTS

The 2‐year OS and DFS rates were 80.1% and 77.5%, respectively. Clinical tumor (T) and lymph node (N) classifications, overall TNM stage, sex, tumor site, and educational level were significantly associated with specific MDADI subdomains, whereas Karnofsky performance score was significantly associated with all MDADI subdomains. After controlling for clinical factors, total scores, global assessment scores, and emotional and physical MDADI subscores were significantly predictive of 2‐year OS and DFS (P < .05 for each). VFSS findings were not significantly associated with survival (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS

The current results provide evidence of the prognostic role of the MDADI in predicting early survival outcomes in patients with HNSCC. The MDADI may be a practical and noninvasive method for the identification of patients at risk who would benefit from close follow‐up. Cancer 2015;121:1588–1598. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Sequential Linefeed Insertion into Lecture Transcriptions for Real‐Time Captioning
Authors: Ohno Tomohiro , Murata Masaki , Matsubara Shigeki
Published: January 2015

To generate readable captions for Japanese spoken monologues such as lectures in real time, it is necessary to sequentially display captions that have proper linefeeds inserted. This paper proposes a technique for sequentially inserting proper linefeeds into a lecture transcript whenever a bunsetsu, which is a linguistic unit shorter than a sentence in Japanese and that roughly corresponds to a basic phrase in English, is identified. Under the assumption that linefeeds are inserted at bunsetsu boundaries, this technique can reduce the delay time of captioning to the utmost possible. This technique statistically judges whether or not a linefeed should be inserted into each bunsetsu boundary by using the information that is available at the time. We conducted experiments on linefeed insertion using a Japanese lecture corpus. The experimental results confirmed that our method, which is a bunsetsu‐based linefeed insertion method, was almost as accurate as the sentence‐based linefeed insertion method. In addition, we conducted comparative evaluations using four baseline methods. The results confirmed that our method could insert linefeeds more accurately than the simple methods that are thought to have the same delay time as our method.
Design Technology of Stacked‐Type Chain PRAM
Authors: Kato Sho , Watanabe Shigeyoshi
Published: January 2015

A stacked‐type chain PRAM that can result in lower cost than flash memory has been proposed. The newly proposed memory cell uses a PCM for data storage and an MOS transistor connected in parallel. This memory cell is connected in series to realize the chain structure. The cell structure, the design method for realizing stable read and write operation, and the core circuit for the stacked‐type chain PRAM are described. The newly proposed memory cell has been designed to use BiCS (Bit Cost Scalable) process technology in order to achieve low‐cost memory. The design of the resistance of the PCM and the pass transistor is a key issue for realizing stable operation. To design the row decoder, the circuit concept of stacked ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) with an NAND structure cell has been successfully adopted with SGT. The newly proposed stacked‐type chain PRAM is a promising candidate for realizing high‐speed and low‐power future nonvolatile semiconductor memory.
Device Fabrication for Creating Multiscale Miniature Neuronal Networks and Spatiotemporal Pattern Analysis of Spontaneous Electrical Activities
Authors: Yoshida Lui , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko
Published: January 2015

To investigate the dynamics of neuronal networks, a device which is capable of multipoint simultaneous measurement and multiscale miniature neuronal network construction was fabricated. The results of culturing rat embryo hippocampal neurons showed that the device is biocompatible and can be successfully used in long‐term culture. Analysis of the electrical data obtained with the device suggested that, in miniature neuronal networks consisting of about 2000 neurons, there occurred spatiotemporal activity patterns of neurons, which were considered to be very important to the process of storing and transforming information of a brain.