bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplex PCR for detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance determinants, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4 and mcr-5 for surveillance purposes
Authors: Rebelo Ana Rita , Bortolaia Valeria , Kjeldgaard Jette S , Pedersen Susanne K , Leekitcharoenphon Pimlapas , Hansen Inge M , Guerra Beatriz , Malorny Burkhard , Borowiak Maria , Hammerl Jens Andre , Battisti Antonio , Franco Alessia , Alba Patricia , Perrin-Guyomard Agnes , Granier Sophie A , De Frutos Escobar Cristina , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi , Villa Laura , Carattoli Alessandra , Hendriksen Rene S
Published: February 2018

Background and aim

Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanisms have been identified worldwide in the past years. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for detection of all currently known transferable colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 to mcr-5, and variants) in Enterobacteriaceae was developed for surveillance or research purposes. Methods: We designed four new primer pairs to amplify mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3 and mcr-4 gene products and used the originally described primers for mcr-5 to obtain a stepwise separation of ca 200 bp between amplicons. The primer pairs and amplification conditions allow for single or multiple detection of all currently described mcr genes and their variants present in Enterobacteriaceae. The protocol was validated testing 49 European Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates of animal origin. Results: Multiplex PCR results in bovine and porcine isolates from Spain, Germany, France and Italy showed full concordance with whole genome sequence data. The method was able to detect mcr-1, mcr-3 and mcr-4 as singletons or in different combinations as they were present in the test isolates. One new mcr-4 variant, mcr-4.6**, was also identified. Conclusions: This method allows rapid identification of mcr-positive bacteria and overcomes the challenges of phenotypic detection of colistin resistance. The multiplex PCR should be particularly interesting in settings or laboratories with limited resources for performing genetic analysis as it provides information on the mechanism of colistin resistance without requiring genome sequencing.
An Embedded Fuzzy Logic Based Application for Density Traffic Control System
Authors: Adewale Ajao Lukman , Jumoke Ajao Falilat , Adegboye Mutiu , Ismail Abideen
Published: February 2018

The control of density traffic at cross junction road usually manned by human efforts or implementation of automatic traffic light system. This system seem and proves to be inefficient with some challenges. The major constraints of this traffic control are as a result of the inability of most traffic control systems to assign appropriate waiting time for vehicles based on the lane density. Also with little or no consideration for pedestrians, emergency and security agents priorities. In view of this, an intelligent density traffic control system using  (fuzzy logic) which is capable of providing priority to the road users based on the density and emergency situations was developed and presented in this paper. This system will obtain the approximate amount of vehicle and presence of pedestrians respectfully on each lane with help of Infrared Sensors (IR) and siren detection system for emergency and security road users. The working principle of this system depending on the logic inputs rules given into the processing unit by the (sensors, S1 and S2) which helps the system to generates a timing sequence that best suit the number of vehicles and pedestrians available on the lane at point in time.
Comparative Analysis Of Dempster Shafer Method With Certainty Factor Method For Diagnose Stroke Diseases
Authors: Panggabean Erwin Kuit
Published: February 2018

The development of artificial intelligence technology that has occurred has allowed expert systems to be applied in detecting disease using programming languages. One in terms of providing information about a variety of disease problems that have recently been feared by Indonesian society, namely stroke. Expert system method used is dempster shafer and certainty factor method is used to analyze the comparison of both methods in stroke.Based on the analysis result, it is found that certainty factor is better than demster shafer and more accurate in handling the knowledge representation of stoke disease according to the symptoms of disease obtained from one hospital in medan city, uniqueness of algorithm that exist in both methods.
Ant Colony Optimization Based Type-2 Fuzzy Force-Position Control for Backhoe Excavator Robot
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Y. , Sugban Athraa Faraj
Published: February 2018

This paper proposes the design and simulation of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Control using MATLAB/Simulink to control the position of the bucket of the backhoe excavator robot during digging operations. In order to reach accurate position responses with minimum overshoot and minimum steady state error, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to tune the gains of the position and force parts for the force-position controllers to obtain the best position responses. The joints are actuated by the electro-hydraulic actuators. The force-position control incorporating two-Mamdani type-Proportional-Derivative-Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controllers for position control and 3-Proportional-Derivative Controllers for force control. The nonlinearity and uncertainty in the model that inherit in the electro hydraulic actuator system are also studied. The nonlinearity includes oil leakage and frictions in the joints. The friction model is represented as a Modified LuGre friction model in actuators. The excavator robot joints are subjected to Coulomb, viscous and stribeck friction. The uncertainty is represented by the variation of bulk modulus. It can be shown from the results that the ACO obtain the best gains of the controllers which enhances the position responses within the range of (19, 23 %) compared with the controllers tuned manually.
Properties of Epoxy-Asphalt Pavement Mixture for Bridge Decks
Authors: Albayati Amjad H. , Al-Azawee Esraa T.
Published: February 2018

Improving the ability of asphalt pavement to survive the heavily repeated axle loads and weathering challenges in Iraq has been the subject of research for many years. The critical need for such data in the design and construction of more durable flexible pavement in bridge deck material is paramount. One of new possible steps is the epoxy asphalt concrete, which is classified as a superior asphalt concrete in roads and greatly imparts the level of design and construction. This paper describes a study on 40-50 penetration graded asphalt cement mixed with epoxy to produce asphalt concrete mixtures. The tests carried out are the Marshall properties, permanent deformation, flexural fatigue cracking and moisture damage. Epoxy asphalt mixes performed better on resistance to fatigue and permanent deformation. They also performed significantly better on low-temperature properties and resistance to moisture damage. The addition of 30 percent of epoxy (by weight of asphalt cement) resulted in increase of Marshall stability by 39.8 percent, improve the tensile strength ratio by 22.9 percent, lowering both the rate of permanent deformation by 26.8 percent and the fatigue accumulation coefficient by 53.5 percent, in comparison with control HMA. Based on the above findings, it is recommended to use epoxy asphalt mixes as an optimal material for paving bridges deck in Iraq since it showed good prospects for this application due to the valuable performance and durability improvement.
Comparison between Performance of Okra Waste and Wheat Bran for Removing some Heavy Metals from Wastewater
Authors: Esgair Karim Khalifa
Published: February 2018

In the present work, the  agricultural wastes which are wheat bran and raw okra waste used  as adsorbent material for adsorption  of cadmium and copper ions from wastewater .The effect of adsorption variable which include initial  pH of solution , agitation speed, agitation time, initial concentration of cadmium and copper ions, and amount of adsorbent material were investigated  in a batch process in order to obtain the  maximum  ions removal from wastewater .The results obtained from experimental investigation show that the percentage removal   of metal ions  increases with increasing pH and agitation speed until a maximize value after that it decreased with increasing pH and agitation speed. Also increases with increasing amount of adsorbent material and agitation time until a maximize value then reach a constant value   approximately , and decreasing with increasing  metal ions concentration .The maximum removal percent of cadmium and copper ions were  85.8%  and 52.7 % respectively which obtained at pH equal 5.0, agitation speed 150 revolution per minute, agitation  time 105 minute , metal ion concentration 40mg /L ,and adsorbent amount 1.5gm when using wheat bran as adsorbent material ,while obtained  the maximum removal percent of cadmium and copper ions were  81.7%  and 47.8 % which obtained at pH equal 6.0, and pH equal 5.0 respectively , agitation speed 150 revolution per minute, agitation  time 90 minute ,metal ion concentration 40 mg /L ,and adsorbent amount 1.5gm when using okra waste as adsorbent material. From above result the wheat bran and okra waste was a best adsorbent material for removal cadmium and copper ions from wastewater but wheat bran slightly more effective than okra waste.
Low Dispersion Performance of Plastic Fiber Grating Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Hisham Hisham K.
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we suppose a method for reducing the dispersion in the plastic optical fiber (POF) Bragg gratings based on optimizing the grating coupling-strength (ξ) using genetic algorithms. The effects of average refractive index (δn) and temperature (T) change on the dispersion properties are investigated numerically. It is found that the amplitude of the δn for low dispersion performance needs to be reduced at the cost of the design complexity of the POF Bragg gratings. Owing to the unusually large and negative thermo-optic coefficient of the POF, the dispersion due to the wavelength shift induced by the temperature variation will be reduced by operating at high ξ value. Results showed that by optimizing the ξ value a very large dispersion reduction range has been obtained, from 1178 to 11.5 ps/nm at 30 mm grating length.
Automated Algorithm for Data Migration from Relational to NoSQL Databases
Authors: Mahmood Alza A.
Published: February 2018

One of the barriers that the developer community face once turning to the newly, highly distributable, schema agnostic and non-relational database, called NoSQL, which is how to migrate their legacy relational database (which is already filled with a large amount of data) into this new class of database management systems. This paper presents a new approach for converting the already filled relational database of any database management system to any type of NoSQL databases in the most optimized data structure form without bothering of specifying the schema of tables and relations between them. In addition, a simplified software as a prototype based on this algorithm is built to show the results of the output for testing the validity of the algorithm.
Corrosion Behavior of Diffusion Bonding Joints of (OFHC) Copper with Stainless Steel 304L in 3.5% NaCl
Authors: Ajeel Sami Abualnoun , Akbar Ahmed Ali Akbar , Hassoni Safaa Mohammed
Published: February 2018

The present work deals with direct diffusion bonding welding without interlayer of austenitic stainless steel type AISI 304L with Oxygen Free High Conductivity pure copper (OFHC) in vacuum atmosphere (1.5 *10-5 mbr.). The optimum bonding conditions are temperature of 650 ◦C, duration time of 45 min. and the applied stress of 30 MPa, in order to secure a tight contact between the mating surfaces. The corrosion behavior of diffusion bonding joints in 3.5% Nacl is studied to evaluate the corrosion resistance of welding joints by using Potentiodynamic method. The observed microstructure of corroded specimen of optimum diffusion bonding joint shows that the corrosion current density has low value as compared with base materials used. During polarization, galvanic coupling is observed between two materials used. At passivity region, inverse polarity is occurred at 450mV. Therefore, passive stainless steel 304 L behaves as cathode respective to pure copper, the corrosion behavior of the diffusion bonding joint was mostly by copper side. The corrosion results indicate the presence of galvanic effect. The corrosion current density of copper, stainless steel 304L and bond joints condition were (3.66 µA/cm2, 1.62 µA/cm2 and 1.85µA/cm2) respectively. A SEM examination of corroded diffusion bonding joint indicates that the galvanic corrosion happened on copper side. The corrosion rate of bonding joint conditions was 0.85 mpy, which is less than 1%. This means that corrosion resistance of bond joint is more than excellent.
Alternative Strut and Tie Model for Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams
Authors: Al-Bayati Ahmed Faleh
Published: February 2018

This paper presents a simple strut and tie model to calculate the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams. The proposed model assumes that the shear strength is the algebraic sum of three strength components: concrete diagonal strut, vertical stirrups, and horizontal web reinforcements. The contribution of each strength components was calibrated with the test results of 305 deep beams compiled from previous studies with wide range of geometrical and material properties. The predictions of the proposed model were compared with those of the current codes of practice (ACI-318-14 and ASHTOO 2014) and those of existing model in the literature. Comparisons revealed that the proposed model provided better predictions than other models. The mean of predicted strength to test of the proposed model, the ACI-318-14 model, the ASHTOO 2014 model were 0.98, 0.79, and 0.75, respectively. The corresponding standard deviations were 0.17, 0.28, and 0.49, respectively.
The Mechanism Analysis of Underactuated Robotic Finger for Optimum Grasping Using Gradient Descent Method
Authors: Bakhy Sadeq H. , Flaieh Enass H. , Jabbar Mortada A.
Published: February 2018

This study was devoted in investigating the optimum geometric parameters for underactuated linkage three phalanges robotic finger. New kinematic and kinetic equations of grasping were derived in this research taking into account the angle for the ternary solid links of the four-bar linkages. To obtain the target of optimization, a gradient descent method was used which consists of three stages to find the optimal geometric parameters with high accuracy. Five criteria were selected to find the optimal solution by using multi objectives function algorithm, these are percentage of the grasping stability, the grasp forces, squeezing force, Mimic function for grasping task, and transmission angle for grasping operation. Gradient descent method starts by detecting the optimal geometric parameters for each criterion and choosing the best geometric parameters from the five criteria functions. At the optimum solution, the underactuated robotic finger prototype was built from hard Polylactic acid (PLA) plastic using rapid prototyping and was tested performance by grasping objects. Finally, the results have been shown that the robotic finger adapts to the wanted configurations.
Effects of Irradiation by UV- Acceleration on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Blends (Polyester: Starch)
Authors: Salih Sihama I. , Hamad Qahtan A. , Abdul Jabbar Safaa N. , Sabit Najat H.
Published: February 2018

This work covers mixing of unsaturated polyester (un- polyester) with starch powders as polymer blends and study the effects of irradiation by UV-acceleration on mechanical properties of its. The unsaturated polyester was mixing by starch powders at particle size less than (45 µm) at selected weight fraction of (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3%). These properties involve ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation percentage, flexural modulus, flexural strength, fracture toughness, impact strength and hardness. The results illustrate decrease in the ultimate tensile strength at and elongation percentage, while increasing modulus of elasticity, with increasing the weight ratio of starch powder to 3 % weight fraction, whereas the maximum value of hardness and flexural, impact properties happened at 1 % weight fraction for types of polymer blends.
Sistem usaha tani terintegrasi tanaman-ternak
Authors: Hamka Hamka
Published: February 2018

Sistem usaha tani terintegrasi antara tanaman dan ternak telah lama dilakukan oleh rumah tangga petani di Indonesia, terutama di pedesaan. Umumnya rumah tangga petani menggunakan persediaan makanannya untuk mencukupi konsumsi sendiri dan selebihnya dijual. Karakteristik yang dijumpai pada petani tersebut adalah melakukan usaha tani campuran dalam upaya mendapatkan keuntungan yang maksimal dan meminimalkan risiko. Ada empat model penerapan sistem usaha tani campuran, yaitu: 1) sistem yang dipraktekkan secara alami dan turun-temurun oleh petani setempat, 2) sistem usaha tani tanpa melibatkan ternak, 3) sistem usaha tani ternak, dan 4) system usaha yang berbasis pada sumber daya lahan, tenaga kerja, dan modal. Masing-masing sistem usaha tani tersebut memiliki risiko dan ketidakpastian usaha di masa yang akan datang. Beberapa risiko mendasar pada sistem usaha tani adalah risiko produksi, risiko usaha dan finansial, serta risiko kerusakan. Dari risiko mendasar tersebut, dengan menggunakan perhitungan sistem fungsional, usaha tani terintegrasi tanaman-ternak mempunyai peluang risiko yang minimal.
Identifikasi gulma pada areal pertanaman cengkeh (Eugenia aromatica) di Desa Nalbessy Kecamatan Leksula Kabupaten Buru Selatan
Authors: Hamid Iskandar
Published: February 2018

Kemampuan tanaman bersaing dengan gulma ditentukan oleh spesies gulma, kepadatan gulma, saat dan lama persaingan, cara budidaya dan varietas yang ditanam, serta tingkat kesuburan tanah. Perbedaan spesies akan menentukan kemampuan bersaing karena perbedaan sistem fotosintesis, kondisi perakaran dan keadaan morfologinya. Spesies gulma yang tumbuh cepat, berhabitat besar, dan memiliki metabolisme efisien akan menjadi gulma berbahaya bagi tanaman cengkeh. Persaingan gulma pada awal pertumbuhan akan mengurangi kuantitas hasil, sedangkan persaingan dan gangguan gulma menjelang panen berpengaruh besar terhadap kualitas hasil dari tanaman cengkeh. Perbedaan cara penanaman, laju pertumbuhan dan umur varietas yang ditanam, dan tingkat ketersediaan unsur hara juga akan menentukan besarnya persaingan gulma dan tanaman utama yaitu cengkeh. Prinsip pengendalian gulma pada areal pertanaman cengkeh di Desa Nalbessy Kecamatan Leksula Kabupaten Buru Selatan adalah dengan menekan jumlah populasi gulma sampai ke tingkat yang secara ekonomi tidak merugikan bagi petani cengkeh di Desa Nalbessy. Pengendalian gulma yang dilakukan oleh petani cengkeh di Desa Nalbessy adalah dengan cara, pengendalian secara mekanis dan tradisional yaitu, usaha menekan pertumbuhan gulma dengan cara merusak bagian-bagian gulma sehingga gulma tersebut mati atau pertumbuhannya terhambat.
Analisis tingkat pendapatan pedagang sayur-sayuran daun di Pasar Sore Siriwini Distrik Nabire Kabupaten Nabire
Authors: Matakena Simon
Published: February 2018

Pedagang sayur-sayuran yang melaksanakan aktifitas sehari-harinya pada pasar sore Siriwini Distrik Nabire Kabupaten Nabire sebagian besar merupakan kegiatan ekonomi yang dilakukan oleh para ibu rumah tangga yang dijadikan sebagai aktifitas sampingan dengan tujuannya untuk meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga. Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pendapatan dan kelayakan usaha pedagang serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat pendapatan ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan April 2009 dan berlokasi pada pasar sore Siriwini Kabupaten Nabire. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dimana nilai R/C (Return Cost Ratio) untuk masing-masing komoditi sayur-sayuran daun yang diperdagangkan yaitu untuk Kangkung sebesar 1,63, untuk bayam sebesar 1,65 dan sayur sawi sebesar 1,65 dimana rata-rata nilai R/C adalah 1,64 dimana lebih besar dari 1 maka layak diusahakan karena menguntungkan bagi pedagang. Karena rata-rata nilai R/C lebih besar dari 1 serta layak diusahakan dan menguntungkan, maka otomatis penghasilan pedangan menguntungkan dan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga pedagang sehingga kesejahteraan rumah tangga pedagangpun dapat ditingkatkan. Dari hasil analisa regresi untuk komoditi kangkung variabel umur dan jumlah tanggungan memiliki hubungan yang positif dengan pendapatan dan untuk variabel pendidikan serta lama berdagang memiliki hubungan yang negatif dengan pendapatan.
Prospek agribisnis tanaman hias dalam pot (POTPLANT)
Authors: Lakamisi Haryati
Published: February 2018

Tanaman hias dalam pot dapat dipakai di hotel-hotel dan kantor, umumnya mereka menggunaakan tanaman hias dalam pot indoor dengan alasan memberikan kesan alami, menambah keindahan ruangan atau sebagai komponen dalam tata dekorasi ruangan dan alas an kesehatan. Tanaman indoor tidak saja memberikan suasana alami dalam ruangan melainkan telah menggambarkan tingkat prestise tanaman indoor dan dianggap sebagai salah satu kunci untuk memikat orang. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kegunaan tanaman hias bagi manusia dan untuk mengetahui prospek pengusahan tanaman hias dalam pot (potplant). Adapun fungsi tanaman dan kegunaan tanaman hias ini dalam penggunaannya dibagi menjadi 3 yaitu untuk individu, perkantoran dan perhotelan. Prospek penjualan tanaman hias dalam pot (potplant) di Indonesia cukup besar. Nilai produk hortikultura Indonesia tahun 1996 mencapai Rp. 57,5 milyar dengan pertumbuhan 15-25% per tahun. Pada tahun 2005 diperkirakan permintaan dalam negeri Rp. 186-425 milyar. Kondisi ini didukung dengan kenyataan bahwa minat masyarakat di Indonesia yang semakin besar.
Evaluasi kinerja dan status keberlanjutan kawasan Agropolitan Perpat Belitung
Authors: Hariyadi Hariyadi , Herison Catur , Suwito Edi
Published: February 2018

Penelitian dilakukan pada kawasan agropolitan Perpat Belitung, selama bulan November 2009 sampai dengan bulan Maret 2010 dengan metode studi literatur, survey lapangan, wawancara dan questioner dan Analisis-analisis yang digunakan antara lain analisis Location Quetient (LQ), analisis unggulan dan andalan, metode pendekatan Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) Rap-Agrop, analisis Laverege, analisis Monte Carlo dan analisis Prospektif serta analisis Deskriptif, yang bertujuan untuk : mengetahui potensi kawasan dalam mendukung pengembangan agropolitan Perpat,) mengevaluasi tingkat kinerja perkembangan kawasan agropolitan Perpat, mengevaluasi status keberlanjutan pengembangan kawasan agropolitan Perpat, mengetahui persepsi dan kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap agropolitan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa masing-masing kecamatan memiliki dominansi komoditas yang beragam diusahakan dan dibudidayakan dan terdapat lima (5) komoditas unggulan yaitu Padi, Ubi Kayu, Lada, Kelapa dan komoditas Sapi Potong yang ditetapkan sebagai komoditas unggulan utama program agropolitan, dengan tingkat kinerja perkembangan wilayah termasuk dalam Strata PRA II Kawasan Agropolitan yang berstatus keberlanjutan pengembangan Kawasan Agropolitan Perpat termasuk dalam Strata kurang berkelanjutan, dan penetapan Kawasan Agropolitan Perpat dengan komoditas unggulan utama sapi potong tidak tepat untuk dikembangkan oleh karena kondisi existing tingkat perkembangan yang rendah dan status keberlanjutan yang kurang keberlanjutan.
Kandungan alginat rumput laut Sargassum crassifolium dari Perairan Pantai Desa Hutumuri, Kecamatan Leitimur Selatan, Kota Ambon
Authors: Ode Inem
Published: February 2018

Alginat merupakan komponen utama dari getah ganggang coklat (Phaeophyceae), dan merupakan senyawa penting dalam dinding sel spesies ganggang yang tergolong dalam kelas Phaeophyceae. Ada dua jenis monomer penyusun alginat, yaitu β-D-Mannopyranosil Uronat dan α-L-Asam Gulopyranosyl Uronat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Mengetahui kandungan alginat dari rumput laut Sargassum crassifolium dari perairan pantai, Desa Hutumuri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi di lapangan dan pengamatan di laboratorium. Sampel rumput laut Sargassum crassifolium di ambil pada tiga lokasi yang berbeda di perairan paantai desa hutumuri saat surut. Lokasi pertama dekat dengan tumbuhan mangrove dengan substrat lumpur berpasir dan patahan karang mati, lokasi kedua di daerah goba (laguun) yang masih tergenang air saat surut dengan substrat berbatu dan patahan karang mati dan lokasi ketiga dengan substrat rataan karang mati. Selama pengambilan sampel juga di lakukan pengukuran parameter kualitas air yang meliputi suhu, salinitas, pH dan kecepatan arus. Kandungan alginat rumput laut Sargassum crassifolium dari perairan pantai Desa Hutumuri sebesar 45,54 - 49,96, Viskositas 47,10 – 93,75 Cps, sedangkan Kadar air 30,96 – 34.60%. Parameter lingkungan yang terukur, suhu, 30-32 0C, salinitas, 28-35 ‰, pH, 7-8,5, dan kecepatan arus 10-25 cm/det.
Nisbah kelamin dan ukuran pertama matang gonad kerang lumpur (Anodontia edentula, Linnaeus 1758) di pesisir Lambiku, Kecamatan Napabalano Kabupaten Muna
Authors: Rochmady Rochmady , Omar Sharifuddin Bin Andy , Tandipayuk Lodewyck S
Published: February 2018

Penelitian dilakukan di pesisir Lambiku dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis nisbah kelamin dan ukuran pertama matang gonad kerang lumpur. Data dianalisis untuk mengetahui nisbah kelamin dan ukuran pertama matang gonad kerang lumpur Pulau Tobea dengan menggunakan analisis chisquare (χ2) dan Metode Spearmen-Karber (Udupa, 1986). Hasil analisis nisbah kelamin dengan menggunakan chi-square berdasarkan stasiun pengambilan sampel, waktu pengambilan dan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) menunjukkan nisbah kelamin jantan kerang lumpur cenderung sebanding dengan jenis kelamin betina. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai chi-square hitung=chi-square tabel baik berdasarkan waktu pengambilan sampel (0,6770), berdasarkan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) (2,7462), berdasarkan stasiun pengamatan (3,3673). Ukuran pertama matang gonad kerang lumpur, jenis kelamin jantan mencapai ukuran rata-rata panjang cangkang sebesar 55,03 mm, pada kisaran panjang cangkang sebesar 54,47-55,60 mm. Untuk jenis kelamin betina mencapai ukuran pertama matang gonad dengan rata-rata panjang cangkang sebesar 54,93 mm, pada kisaran panjang cangkang sebesar 54,48-55,38 mm. Kerang lumpur di pesisir Lambiku, ukuran pertama matang gonad sebenarnya untuk jenis kelamin jantan mencapai ukuran panjang cangkang sebesar 50,2 mm dan jenis kelamin betina mencapai ukuran panjang cangkang sebesar 51,0 mm.
Estimasi biomassa dan karbon tegakan dipterocarpa pada ekosistem hutan primer dan LOA (Log Over Area) di PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma (SBK) Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Niapele Sabria
Published: February 2018

Biomassa pohon dihutan merupakan tempat penyimpan cadangan karbon terbesar terdapat pada batang, cabang, ranting, daun dan akar. Selain untuk menyimpan cadangan karbon, pohon juga meyerap karbon dari atmosfer dalam bentuk karbondioksida (CO2) melalui proses fotosintesis sehingga gas CO2 diatmosfer dapat berkurang. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya pengukuran biomassa dan karbon pohon di hutan untuk mengestimasi seberapa besarkah pohon dapat menyimpan biomassa dan karbon serta mampu menyerap CO2 dari atmosfer melalui pendekatan allometrik. Penelitian dilakukan di areal PT. SBK Kalimantan Tengah, Laboratorium THH Fakultas Kehutanan UGM dan Laboratorium BPTP Yogyakarta dengan tujuan membuat persamaan allometrik untuk menentukan potensi biomassa, potensi karbon, dan potensi penyerapan CO2 di PT. SBK. Pohon dipilih berdasarkan kriteria variasi umur dan dbh. Kandungan biomassa diketahui melalui metode pengukuran secara destructive, selanjutnya dibuat persamaan allometrik biomassa dan karbon untuk mengetahui kandungan potensi biomassa dan karbon. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel dbh dapat digunakan untuk menaksir biomassa total pohon melalui model power dengan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 99,2%. Jumlah potensi biomassa total pohon yang tersimpan pada TPTI (tahun tanam 1995-2010) adalah 311,67 ton/ha. Jumlah potensi karbon pohon yang tersimpan pada TPTI (tahun tanam 1995-2010) adalah 143,31 ton/ha. Sedangkan potensi penyerapan CO2 pada TPTI (tahun tanam 1995-2010) adalah 525,96 ton/ha.
Karakteristik sistem pertanian alami (Natural Farming) padi ladang di Kecamatan Morotai Timur
Authors: Rope Ranita
Published: February 2018

Trand dunia dengan konsep back to nature, terutama negara maju dengan korbanan triliun nilainya, hanya ingin mengembalikan lahan-lahan pertanian yang telah tercemar akibat penggunaan teknologi revolusi hijau. Apabila secara alami di lestarikan Konsep pertanian alami, maka sistem pertanian alami memiliki karakteristik sangat ekonomis, karena meminimalkan penggunaan input (hanya terdirir dari benih dan tenaga kerja). Motivasi petani untuk tetap melestarikan sistem pertanian alami padi ladang karena nilai yang melekat pada hasil panen (beras) yang disebut Tamo Majou. Tamo artinya beras, Majou adalah Tuhan, yang dipahami oleh petani bahwa Tuhan adalah Penguasa Segalanya tidak ada yang bisa Menyamai-Nya, sehingga nilai pangan yang dihasilkan dari hasil panen pertanian alami padi ladang adalah beras nomor satu yang tidak ada bandingnya. Istilah lain yang dikenal adalah Tamo Maloha yang artinya beras terbaik. Nilai tradisi lainnya yang melekat pada produk (beras) yang dihasilkan oleh sistem pertanian alami padi ladang adalah merupakan bahan baku olahan untuk sajian adat seperti Waji, isi proco sigi, dll. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem pertanian padi ladang yang dikembangkan oleh petani di desa Mira memiliki karakteristik sistem pertanian alami yang dijadikan model sistem pertanian masa depan.
Peramalan penjualan roti kenari arjuns bakery di Kota Ternate Provinsi Maluku Utara
Authors: Laisouw Ruslan , Hamka Hamka
Published: February 2018

Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari Pola penjualan roti kenari yang di produksi oleh perusahaan Arjuns Bakery dan mengetahui peramalan roti kenari terbaik dengan menggunakan time serial untuk 3 bualan mendatang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode time serial dengan menggunakan simple Average, Moving Average dan Simple Eksponensial Smoothing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa pola penjualan roti kenari bersifat stasioner atau horisontal, dimana pergerakan data penjualan berada di sekitar rata-rata penjualan roti selama satu tahun sembilan bulan. Nilai peramalan yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode time serial adalah Simple Average dengan nilai peramalan 8060 dengan SE 572.84, Moving Average 7713 dengan nilai SE 558.72 yang dianggap baik untuk meramalkan penjualan roti untuk tiga bulan mendatang adalah metode Simple Eksponensial Smoothing dengan nilai peramalan penjualan roti kenari sebesar 7759 buah, dengan nilai SE sebesar 555.03.
Karakteristik komunitas lamun di perairan Selat Lonthoir Kepulauan Banda
Authors: Munira Munira , Dobo Johny
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini dilakukan sejak bulan Juli hingga Desember 2009 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik komunitas lamun di Selat Lonthoir, Kepulauan Banda, Maluku. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa padang lamun di daerah ini termasuk heterospesifik yang terdiri dari 7 (tujuh) spesies, dengan kerapatan jenis tertinggi adalah Cymodocea rotundata di stasiun I dan II serta Thalassia hemprichii di stasiun III. Frekuensi kehadiran relatif tertinggi di stasiun II dan II adalah C. rotundata (56,7% dan 42,8%) sedangkan di stasiun III adalah T. hemprichii (39,8%). Penutupan relatif jenis lamun di stasiun I dan II didominasi oleh C. rotundata masing-masing sebesar 58,39% dan 44,34% sedangkan di stasiun III T. hemprichii merupakan jenis yang memiliki nilai penutupan relative tertinggi yaitu 44,39%.
Analisis efisiensi pemasaran telur ayam ras di CV. Cipta Aksara Kelurahan Kastela Kecamatan Kota Ternate Selatan
Authors: Hamka Hamka
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui saluran pemasaran pada CV.Cipta Aksara dan tingkat efisiensi pemasarannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan margin pemasaran, share harga dan rasio keuntungan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa model saluran pemasaran yang terbentuk dari proses pemasaran telur ayam ras di CV.Cipta Aksara terdiri dari 4 saluran pemasaran dimana saluran terpendek adalah produsenà Konsumen dengan tingkat efisiensi pemasaran 86% dengan tingkat efisiensi lebih dari 50% atau efisien, margin pemasaran Rp.200,- dengan rasio keuntungan Rp.1,5,- sedangkan saluran terpanjang adalah ProdusenàPedagang BesaràPedangan MenengahàPedangan Kecilà konsumen. Dengan tingkat efisiensi yang terbentuk dari setiap saluran menunjukkan nilai lebih dari 50% yang berarti saluran pemasaran yang terbentuk efisien, tingkat margin pemasaran terbesar terbentuk pada saluran pemasaran ke 4 sebesar Rp.925 dengan tingkat rasio keuntungan Rp.9,- yang artinya setiap penambahan Rp.1,- oleh CV. Cipta Aksara maka perusahaan akan memperoleh keuntungan sebesar Rp. 9,-
Komposisi makanan dalam lambung teripang
Authors: Padang Anita , Lukman Erika , Sangadji Madehusen
Published: February 2018

Teripang merupakan salah satu kelas dari filum Echinodermata, dimana tubuh teripang bertekstur lunak, berdaging, berbentuk silindris memanjang seperti ketimun sehingga hewan ini sering disebut ketimun laut. Teripang merupakan organisme bentos yang cara makannya deposit feeding yaitu mengkonsumsi makanan yang tersimpan atau terdeposit dalam sedimen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis makanan dalam lambung teripang sehingga dapat diaplikasikan dalam usaha pemeliharaan teripang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengkoleksi sampel teripang secara bebas pada perairan intertidal Desa Suli pada bulan Maret 2014, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mengidentifikasi jenis makanan dalam lambung teripang pada laboratorium biologi Universitas Darussalam Ambon pada bulan April 2014. Hasil penelitian terhadap 26 ekor teripang yang terdiri dari 6 jenis yaitu Holothuria scabra, Holothuria atra, Holothuria nobilis, Holothuria axiologa, Bohadschia marmorata dan Bohadcshia graeffei, ditemukan adanya komposisi makanan dalam lambung teripang yaitu fitoplankton dan zooplankton. Komposisi terbesar dalam lambung teripang adalah fitoplankton kelas Diatom/Baccilariophyceae sebesar 56% yang terdiri dari 23 genus.
Analisis daya saing ekspor cengkeh Indonesia di kawasan ASEAN dan Dunia
Authors: Tupamahu Yonette Maya
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis trend ekspor cengkeh Indonesia pada tahun 2015-2018, menganalisis keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif ekspor cengkeh Indonesia, Malaysia dan Singapura di pasar internasional. Data penelitian dari tahun 1980-2012, yaitu nilai ekspor cengkeh Indonesia, nilai ekspor cengkeh negara ASEAN lainnya: Malaysia dan Singapura, nilai ekspor cengkeh di dunia, nilai ekspor total Indonesia, nilai ekspor total dari 2 negara ASEAN, dan nilai ekspor total di tingkat dunia. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis trend ekspor, analisis Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) dan Indeks Spesialisasi Perdagangan (ISP). Hasil analisis menunjukkan ekspor cengkeh Indonesia meningkat pada tahun 2015-2018, masing-masing sebesar 10606,86 ton, 10943,20 ton, 11279,54 ton, dan 11615,88 ton dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan sebesar 3,08% per tahun. Daya saing Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif yang rendah ditingkat dunia dengan nilai indeks RSCA sebesar 0,22 serta memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dengan ISP sebesar 0,46. Malaysia memiliki keunggulan komparatif yang rendah pasar dunia dimana nilai indeks RSCA sebesar -0,25. Keunggulan kompetitif Malaysia juga rendah dimana ISP sebesar -0,45. Sedangkan Singapura memiliki keunggulan komparatif yang tinggi dibandingkan Indonesia dan Malaysia, dimana rata-rata indeks RSCA sebesar 0,96. Namun Singapura memiliki keunggulan kompetitif yang rendah ditunjukkan nilai ISP sebesar -0,09, menunjukkan bahwa Singapura sebagai pengimpor komoditi cengkeh.
Karakteristik organoleptik dan kimia produk empek-empek ikan cakalang
Authors: Talib Ahmad , T Marlena
Published: February 2018

Empek-empek merupakan salah satu produk tradisional khas palembang yang terbuat dari daging lumat dan dicampurkan dengan tepung tapioka dan tepung maizena yang sanggat disukai masyarakat karena memiliki citarasa khas, enak, kenyal dan memiliki kandungan gizi yang cukup tinggi seperti protein, lemak vitamin mineral dan karbohidrat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan karakteristik organoleptik dan kimia empek-empek ikan cakalang dengan konsentrasi ikan yang berbeda. Hasilnya semakin tinggi penambahan daging ikan cakalang dapat meningkatkan nilai organolpetik terhadap parameter (penampakan, bau, rasa dan tekstur) sedangkan untuk karakteristik kimia dengan penambahan daging ikan 70% dapat meningkatkan nilai kadar (air, abu, protein, lemak dan karbohidrat).
Analisis kelayakan finansial perikanan tangkap ikan pelagis besar di Desa Tial Kecamatan Salahutu, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: Wasahua Jahra , Lukman Eryka
Published: February 2018

Pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar di Desa Tial menggunakan unit penangkapan pancing tonda dan pancing tegak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan usaha perikanan tangkap ikan pelagis besar di Desa Tial Kecamatan Salahutu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitis. Analisis data menggunakan analisis finansial dengan kriteria investasi, yaitu Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit-Cost ratio, Internal Rate of Return, dan Payback Periods. Hasil analisis finansial dengan discount factor 10 % menunjukan usaha penangkapan ikan pelagis besar di Desa Tial dengan alat tangkap pancing tegak nilai NPV nya Rp. 7.263.992.073,37, Net B/C ratio 8,32, IRR 38,15 % dan Payback period 1 tahun 3 bulan. Sedangkan usaha alat tangkap pancing tonda nilai NVP nya Rp. 1.012.791.527,69, Net B/C ratio 1,16, IRR 34,11% dan Payback period 1 tahun 1 bulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukan usaha penangkapan ikan pelagis besar di Desa Tial layak untuk diteruskan baik dari sisi NPV, Net B/C Ratio, Internal Rate of Return, dan payback periods.
PERAN PELABUHAN PERIKANAN SAMUDERA NIZAM ZACHMAN DALAM MENDUKUNG INDUSTRI TUNA (The Role of Nizam Zachman Oceanic Fishing Port to Support Tuna Industries)
Authors: Hutapea Roma Y.F , Solihin Iin , Nurani Tri Wiji
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTNizam Zachman Oceanic Fishing Port (OFP) has basic facilities, supportive facilities, and functional facilities that are needed for fishing activities in the port. The role of Nizam Zachman OFP as one of the largest tuna fishing ports in Indonesia is to support the availability of facilities required by each tuna industry stakeholders. The aimed of the research were to determine the role of Nizam Zachman OFP in providing support facilities and services in the activities of tuna fishing industries; and to determine the level of interest tuna stakeholders and level performance of Nizam Zachman OFP. Data analysis were carried out using a scoring method based on Ministry Regulation of Marine Affair and Fisheries number 8/PERMEN-KP/2012 about Fisheries Port then adapted to the conditions in the sites and analyze the level of interest and performance level with IPA (Importance Performance Analysis). The results showed that the role of Nizam Zachman OFP was good in production activities, infrastructure and public services, and there were still several service atributes performance that still have to be improved by the fishing port authority.Keywords: tuna industries, IPA, Nizam Zachman, fishing port role, scoring               ABSTRAKPelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Nizam Zachman memiliki fasilitas pokok, fasilitas penunjang, dan fasilitas fungsional yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam setiap aktivitas perikanan di pelabuhan. Peran PPS Nizam Zachman sebagai salah satu pelabuhan perikanan tuna terbesar di Indonesia dalam menunjang ketersediaan fasilitas diperlukan oleh setiap stakeholder industri tuna. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan peran PPS Nizam Zachman dalam menyediakan fasilitas pendukung dan pelayanan dalam kegiatan industri perikanan tuna; dan menentukan tingkat kinerja PPS Nizam Zachman serta tingkat kepentingan  stakeholder tuna. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pembobotan atau scoring berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor 8/PERMEN-KP/2012 tentang Kepelabuhanan Perikanan yang kemudian disesuaikan dengan kondisi di lokasi penelitian.  Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis tingkat kepentingan dan kinerja dari PPS Nizam Zachman dengan menggunakan analisis IPA (Importance Performance Analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PPS Nizam Zachman berperan baik dalam aktivitas produksi, sarana prasarana dan pelayanan umum dan terdapat beberapa atribut pelayanan PPS Nizam Zachman yang masih harus ditingkatkan kembali kinerjanya.Kata kunci: industri tuna, IPA, Nizam Zachman, peran pelabuhan perikanan, skoring
HOW DO HIGH ACHIEVER STUDENTS APPLY LEARNING STRATEGIES ON READING?
Authors: Susanti Yunik , Mulyantama Dwiki Ade
Published: February 2018

Learning strategies used by the learners to help them comprehend, learn, or retain new information and achieve  learning goals easily. This research aims at finding how the students apply learning strategies in their reading activity. The goals are to find the kinds and the most  frequent learning strategies on reading together with the reason of using those most frequent strategies. This case study was carried out on the high achievers third grade students of  English Department University of Nusantara PGRI Kediri. The data are collecting using  questionnaire ,documentation and interview . The data then analyzed using quantitative data analysis for questionnaire data  andquanitative analysis for the rest. There are three points that can be discovered from this research. 1) There are six learning strategies are used by high achievers,  2) Compensation Strategy is the strategy which is the most frequently used by high achievers in solving the problems of reading. 3) High achievers students have different reasons in applying learning strategies when they get problems, it is because of interest and urgent time.Based on three finding above, students should be aware the benefit of having learning strategies during they are learning English, especially in reading.By knowing that Compensation Strategy is the most frequent strategy used, the lecturers or teachers can use teaching strategies that appropriate with this strategy, for example: in reading exercise, students are given two passages with different contexts, but using same words or phrases in some parts of passages. So, students are able to differenciate the meaning of word when they guess it in a passage.
Learning Strategies in Speaking Skill Applied by A Student in Second Grade of SMK Pelita Nusantara Kediri
Authors: Nurhajati Diani , Azizah Alfianti
Published: February 2018

Most of the students get difficulties when they want to communicate to others. It is caused many factors including the limited students’ vocabularies, pronunciation, the idea that they are delivered, and knowledge of grammar. To increase the students’ speaking ability, they usually apply certain strategies in learning. This research aims to investigate what strategies and how they are applied to solve the difficulties in speaking and increasing the ability of speaking.The subject of research is a student in second grade of SMK Pelita Nusantara Kediri. She is the best student of second grade and she always gets the best ranking. The writer did some observations and interview to get the data. There are two kinds of learning strategies that applied; they are direct strategies and indirect strategies. Direct strategies are language learning strategies that directly involve the target language, and indirect strategies are language learning strategies that support and manage language learning without directly involving the target language. Direct strategies that are applied are memory strategies that reflect very simple principles such as arranging things in order, making association, and reviewing, cognitive strategies that most important strategies are practicing, and compensation strategies which intended to make up for an adequate repertoire of grammar and, especially, of vocabularies. In indirect strategies that are applied are metacognitive strategies which provide a way for learners to coordinate their own learning process, affective strategies that help to regulate emotions, motivations, and attitudes, and social strategies that can help all learners increase their ability to empathize by developing culture understanding and becoming aware of others’ thoughts and feelings.It can be found that the strategies mostly  used were cognitive strategies and social strategies. Cognitive strategy used was practicing by repeating, recognizing and using formula and patterns, and practicing naturalistically. Social strategies used were asking questions and cooperating with others.
PROMOTING MIND-MAPPING TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE NURSING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL
Authors: Febrijanto Yoyok
Published: February 2018

A teacher can use many ways to make students easier to study writing. Mind-mapping is a way to solve problems in writing. This technique is chosen since it has many advantages. The main benefit is that it uses both halves of the brain which makes it easier to remember. Moreover, making mind-mapping is a creative process and a natural way to organize the thoughts and it is widely believed to ease a pathway towards successful communication. Nursing students mostly do not pay attention to their writing skill. There are some indications which show the students’ poor ability in writing, such as; the students do not organize their writing well, their ideas are not coherence, they do not use right tenses in the right context, they have lack of vocabulary and their understanding of mechanic is low. They also think that time for writing is limited. Because of these, they become unmotivated and have low interest in writing. Some students even give up and do not try to solve their problem. In this paper, the writer wants to describe the use of mind-mapping technique to build up a good writing practice as an alternative teaching learning process and to activate the students’ participation in the classroom.

 

Keywords: Mind-Mapping Technique, Writing Skill.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEACHING ENGLISH BASED ON CURRICULUM 2013 APPLIED BY AN ENGLISH TEACHER OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Andariyani Nur , Nurhajati Diani
Published: February 2018

Curriculum 2013 has been implemented by many schools, including a junior high school at Kediri. English teachers, who implement it, must have sufficient knowledge on what to teach, how to teach, and how to assess students’ competence, etc. The idea of implementing this curriculum is that graduates of school levels are able to compete with the graduates from other countries. Students should have communicative competence in English which covers four language skills. Therefore, this research aims at answering the question: “How is the implementation of teaching English based on Curriculum 2013 applied by an English teacher of junior high school at Kediri?” The subject of this research is an English teacher of junior high school at Kediri. It is a qualitative research which focused on the material development, teaching steps, and classroom management. The data was found from observation during teaching and learning process, interview the teacher, and documentation. The result showed that in teaching English the teacher developed the materials by modifying and extending the tasks based on the Richard and Harmer’s theory. Then, in delivering the materials, the teacher tried to implement the scientific approach, although the application was different from the concept from the scientific approach proposed by the government. Furthermore, the teacher also managed the classroom well by applying group works, and setting the comfortable condition in the class during teaching and learning process.

 

Key words: teaching English, Curriculum 2013, materials development, teaching steps, classroom management.