bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TO A QUESTION OF DETERMINATION OF HYDRAULIC RADIUS OF A BACKFILL FLOW FOR THE EXCENTRATIVE PLACEMENT OF PIPES IN DRILLING BORE
Authors: Moishyshyn V. M. , Biletskii Y. S. , Vryukalo V. V. , Seniushkovych M. V.
Published: November 2019

The processes of displacement of drilling clay backfill flow from the intertubular space formed by internal surface of external and external surfaces of inner tubes are considered. In case of eccentric placement of pipes it is proposed in the form of a cross-section of the flow of a backfill to take the area limited from the outside by the Pascal's snail, and from the inside - the outer surface of the inner pipe at the first time.

The formulas for determining areas of the cross section of the flow and the stagnant zone, the perimeter and the hydraulic radius of the section ofthe flow for the eccentric placement of the pipes in the bore are proposed. The dimensionless parameter α is introduced as the ratio of the centripetal distance to difference between internal radius of outer pipe and outer radius of inner tube. It was found that with increasing of α cross-sectional area and their hydraulic radii are increasing, and the area of stagnant zones decreases according to parabolic laws.It is established that with the growth of α velocity of the backfill flow decreases according to parabolic laws and their values are in good agreement with the experimental data.
REVOLUTION OF 1917-1921 IN THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF UKRAINE: REGIONAL DIMENSION
Authors: Repeta I. V.
Published: November 2019

At the present stage of Ukraine's development, one of the decisive factors that significantly influences the processes of state-building of the Ukrainian nation is historical memory, which is an important component of the self-identification of the population. This article covers the factors that influenced the formation of historical memory in the regions of the country, one of which is the revolutionary events of 1917-1921.
DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL IN LVIV (Aug. of the XIX th century BC)
Authors: Bzunko G. B.
Published: November 2019

In this article the author tries to objectively evaluate the establishment of a higher technical institution, namely, from the three-class real-school to the Technical Academy, which consists of two branches: technical and trade-school and real-school, the reaction of the ruling circles. The process of reorganization of this institution, for which the college of professors prepared a project based on the organization of training of Austrian technical institutions, was approved by the Ministry of Education and Religion and provided for a thorough study of theoretical and practical disciplines, and running the academy was compared to other technical academies of the monarchy.

Accordingly, the main provisions of the educational procesus that were approved by the Galician Regional Council and the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of Education were approved.

As the reaction of the Austrian and Polish authorities to the development of a higher technical school was largely positive, there was no such conflict situation as was observed at the University of Lviv, as it was about the establishment of the Ukrainian university and the policy of the Viennese government on the educational issue. The reaction of the Polish ruling circles towards the development of higher technical education was also calm, since the teaching languages in this institution were German and Polish, and the Poles predominated in nationality.
NEW TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARTY SYSTEM OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: Fedorchak Т. P.
Published: November 2019

The article examines the development of the political process in the Czech Republic following the results of the last regular elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament, which took place on October 21-22, 2017 under the proportional electoral system. The results of the elections revealed a number of new trends in the development of the parties and the party system of the Czech Republic, which at the same time have many similarities with the ideas of populists and Euro skeptics spread in the CEE region.

The analysis of the specific “differentiated electoral barrier” and the Czech electoral legislation is made. The path to victory in the elections of the ANO and the ODS parties, the new in the Czech politics third party-winner – the Pirate party, members of which advocated the maximum protection of individual freedoms and the uncontrolled Internet. It is noted that the traditional and leading parties of the Czech Republic – KDU-CSL, TOP 9, KSCM, CSSD did not achieve the expected success in the Parliament elections.

The regularities that emerged during the elections to the Chamber of Deputies were revealed: a steady demand of voters for new leaders, new political forces, the weakening of the positions and authority of political parties that have occupied leading positions for a long period, the change in the current political agenda. Confirmed pan-European trends: the growth of populist sentiment and a significant increase in skepticism towards the leaders of the European Union, which are manifested in many CEE countries.
PARTYCYPACY BUDGET AS A CROSSING OF CIVIL ACTIVITY: POLISH MODEL ON THE EXAMPLE OF POZNAŃ
Authors: Holubiak N. R.
Published: November 2019

The author sets the task to study the impact of new mechanisms of direct democracy (participatory budget) on attracting and activating the population to local public policy. The organization of participatory budgeting is a manifestation of direct democracy that allows citizens to express their approval or disapproval of the actions taken by local authorities.

This article presents the Polish experience of implementing a public budget on the example of the city of Poznan, which was one of the first cities in Poland to introduce a civic budget in 2012. It should be added that there is no one model of the participatory budget in Poland. Each municipality and city introduce its own rules, often guided by existing examples, often don’t conducting social consultations and don’t working out the principles of the civic budget together with the residents.

The normative, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the civic budgets of Poznan (number of voters and number of submitted projects, motivation for participation in the voting, public control, application of electronic platforms) are analyzed.

In the addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the process of participatory budget are summed up, the activation of citizens is especially noted at the voting stage and low awareness of intermediate stages of the civil budget.
LEGISLATIVE ACCOMMODATION OF INTERESTS OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE COURSE OF FORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN STATE AT THE BEGINNING OF 20 CENTURY
Authors: Lypchuk O. I. , Lomaka I. I.
Published: November 2019

In article it is noted that World War I, having extremely aggravated political and social and economic problems of belligerent parties, caused considerable rise of the national liberation movement. In the years of war, Galichina became an object of active international policy, at first as a component of the empire of Gabsburgov, and then as the sovereign state of the Ukrainian people. Also World War I accelerated political changes in Central and Eastern Europe and emergence of the Ukrainian state educations  in Galichina. Introduction and developments of basic standard and legal documents in such spheres state and social and political life as formation of state governing bodies, justice, Armed Forces, social, economic, national and cultural and educational sites became the main result of legislative activity of power structures of West Ukrainian People's Republic on nationalities. The mechanism of the state and national policy of West Ukrainian People's Republic on non Ukrainian the population was based on democratic traditions of parliamentarism of the former Austria-Hungary. Such fundamental principles of national policy allowed power structures to direct the state construction to the democratic course, to make it socially oriented.
New and little known species of the genus Spilomicrus (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) from the Eastern Palaearctic
Authors: Chemyreva V.G.
Published: November 2019

Three new species, Spilomicrus pilosiventris sp. nov. from the Far East of Russia, Japan, China, Taiwan and Nepal, S. comatus sp. nov. from Japan and the Far East of Russia and S. sergeyi sp. nov. from the Primorskiy Territory of Russia, are described and illustrated. Spilomicrus kumaonensis Sharma, 1980 is recorded for the first time for the fauna of the Far East of Russia, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Nepal.
Two new species of the genus Acria (Lepidoptera: Peleopodidae) from South-East Asia
Authors: Lvovsky A.L.
Published: November 2019

Acria javanica sp. nov. and A. sulawesica sp. nov. are described from Indonesia.
PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN PEMBUATAN NATA DE COCO
Authors: Harianingsih Harianingsih , Suwardiyono Suwardiyono , Kusumaningrum Maharani
Published: November 2019

Pengangguran dari tahun ke tahun marak menjadi masalah yang masih perlu penyelesaian. Rendahnya serapan lapangan pekerjaan bagi lulusan perguruan tinggiyang rendah, sementara lulusan perguruan tinggi sangat banyak. Persaingan yang semakin ketat ini menyebabkan lulusan susah memperoleh pekerjaan. Kondisi inilah yang menyebabkan para lulusan perguruan tinggi untuk dapat menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan. Pembelajaran yang diberikan pada perguruan tinggi diharapkan mendorong mahasiswa untuk mempunyai kemampuan berwirausaha. Untuk menumbuhkan jiwa kewirausahaan pada mahasiswa maka dilakukanlah pelatihan kewirausahaan pembuatan nata de coco. Nata de coco merupakan penerapan ilmu bioproses yang mereka dapatkan di perguruan tinggi khususnya jurusan Teknik Kimia Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang. Pada pelatihan nata de coco ini diikuti oleh tujuh orang mahasiswa yang mewakili angkatan masing-masing. Harapannya agar mereka dapat mentransfer ilmu dan keterampilan membuat nata de coco kepada orang lain dan masyarakat di sekitarnya. Kata kunci: coco, nata, wirausaha
VALIDASI METODE PENETAPAN KADAR ASIKLOVIR DALAM SEDIAAN SALEP MENGGUNAKAN KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI (KCKT)
Authors: Puspitasari Anita Dwi , Sumantri Sumantri , Aqidah Pawae Putri Nara
Published: November 2019

Asiklovir merupakan derivat guanosin yang berkhasiat untuk pengobatan infeksi virus herpes. Namun penelitian tentang validasi metode penetapan kadar acyclovir masih jarang dilakukan, maka perlu adanya pengembangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan validasi metode penetapan kadar asiklovir menggunakan KCKT dan aplikasinya dalam sediaan salep. Validasi penetapan kadar salep asiklovir menggunakan KCKT dengan kolom C18 dan fase gerak hasil optimasi campuran asetonitril:asam fosfat (80:20 v/v) dan detektor uv-visibel 254 nm. Uji validasi yang dilakukan meliputi akurasi, presisi, selektivitas, linieritas dan sensitivitas. Metode  tervalidasi diaplikasikan pada penetapan kadar salep asiklovir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji validasi memenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut : Uji akurasi dengan perolehan kembali 99,603-101,800 %, uji presisi dengan nilai RSD 0,302 %, selektivitas yang baik, linieritas dengan nilai korelasi (r) 0,9998, LOD sebesar 0,282 µg/mL dan LOQ sebesar 0,635 µg/mL. Hasil penetapan kadar menggunakan metode KCKT pada sediaan salep diperoleh hasil 104,632%. Hal ini memenuhi persyaratan kadar yang ditetapkan Farmakope Indonesia Edisi V (2014). Kata kunci: asiklovir, salep, validasi
PEMBUATAN BERAS ANALOG BERBAHAN DASAR TEPUNG SUKUN TERMODIFIKASI HEAT MOISTURE TREATMENT
Authors: Santosa Herry , Handayani Noer Abyor , Fauzi Ahmad Dzulfikar , Trisanto Anwar
Published: November 2019

Beras merupakan sumber karbohidrat utama bagi masyarakat Indonesia.. Seiring dengan bertambahnya penduduk maka kebutuhan beras juga akan meningkat. Jika pemenuhan akan kebutuhan beras tersebut tidak dapat dipenuhi maka dikuatirkan akan menjadi ancaman terhadap ketahanan pangan nasional. Pemerintah berupaya mencegah permasalahan tersebut dengan cara menggerakkan upaya diversifikasi pangan. Salah satunya adalah rekayasa produk berupa beras analog.Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mengubah buah sukun menjadi beras analog dengan menerapkan proses modifikasi tepung secara HMT (Heat Moisture Treatment). Penelitian dilakukan melalui 3 tahap, yaitu (1) tahap penetuan variabel paling berpengaruh proses HMT, (2)tahap optimasi variabel paling berpengaruh, dan (3) tahap pembuatan beras analog. Variabel operasi paling berpengaruh dalam modifikasi HMT adalah suhu. Untuk memenuhi kriteria karakterisitk swelling power dan solubillity beras mentik, sebaiknya modifikasi dilakukan pada suhu 100°C, waktu 1 jam dan kadar air 30% w/w. Tepung sukun dapat dicetak menyerupai beras  menggunakan ekstruder. Kata kunci: beras analog, buah sukun, heat moisture treatment
EKSTRAKSI BATANG SEREH, DAUN SIRIH DAN DAUN TEMBAKAU UNTUK PRODUKSI PESTISIDA ORGANIK
Authors: Andriani Riska , Budi A Ariqho , Dewi H Cintya , Handayani Dwi
Published: November 2019

Kolaborasi ekstrak sereh dengan kandungan sitronellal dan geraniol, sirih dengan kandungan eugenol, safrol, isoeugenol, dan tembakau dengan kandungan nikotin dapat membunuh serangga pada tanaman sayuran. Oleh karenanya ekstrak sereh, sirih, dan tembakau dapat digunakan sebagai pestisida organik.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar nikotin pada pestisida organik dari ektrak tembakau, sereh dan sirih sebagai pembasmi serangga terhadap tumbuhan sayuran. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan ekstraksi. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan menggiling bahan baku tembakau, sereh dapur, dam sirih dengan komposisi sesuai variable, kemudian di ekstraksi dengan solvent air sesuai variabel. Ekstrak didinginkan dan disaring untuk diuji secara organoleptik, kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pada penelitian ini variabel rasio bahan baku dengan massa tembakau, sereh dapur dan sirih berturut – turut yaitu pada variabel 1 sebanyak 300 gr; 300 gr; 100 gr dan pada variabel 2 sebanyak 600 gr; 600 gr; 300 gr dengan suhu 50oC serta  sampel diambil setiap 30 menit selama 150 menit serta variabel pelarut 6 lt dan 9 lt. Pada uji organoleptik dihasilkan ekstrak berwarna coklat, tekstur cair, dan aroma tembakau. Pada analisa kualitatif, ekstrak pestisida dengan penambahan H2SO4 menunjukkan perubahan warna menjadi coklat tua, sedangkan pada penambahan HCl ekstrak pestisida menunjukan perubahan warna mejadi coklat muda. Analisa kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-VIS.  Kadar nikotin yang dihasilkan secara berturut – turut pada  variabel 1 yaitu 2,21 A; 2,50 A; 3,28 A; 3,58 A dan 4,93 A, sedangkan pada variabel 2 yaitu 2,54; 2,78; 3,48; 3,92 dan 5,07. Variabel 1 dengan nilai y = 0,62x + 1,698, R2 = 0,9457 dan Variabel 2 dengan nilai y = 0,09x + 1,645, R2 = 0,9398. Didapatkan kadar nikotin yang terkandung semakin besar. Pestisida organik yang telah dihasilkan, dilihat dari uji kuantitatif dimana kadar nikotin semakin besar maka volume HCL juga semakin besar, dengan metode yang mudah dan bahan yang murah dapat menjadikan produk pestisida organik ini sebagai cara pengo0iptimalan pengolahan sereh, tembakau serta sirih yang lbih ekonomi. Kata kunci: Pestisida organik, ekstraksi, sereh, tembakau, sirih
UJI AKTIVITAS FOTOKATALIS TIO2 DOPAN-N KOMBINASI ZEOLIT PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH FARMASI
Authors: Wildan Achmad , Mutiara Erlita Verdia
Published: November 2019

Titanium dioksida (TiO2) adalah  senyawa  yang sering digunakan pada proses fotokatalisis, untuk  lebih  meningkatkan aktivitas fotokatalis TiO2 dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan dopan Nitrogen dari urea, selain itu digunakan pula kombinasi TiO2 dengan suatu adsorben seperti zeolit  yang ditambahkan diharapkan dapat mencegah terjadinya rekombinasi electron-hole sehingga aktivitas fotokatalisis dalam mendegradasi senyawa organik dan mereduksi senyawa anorganik lebih efektif dan optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh keberadaan senyawa zeolit, serta lama penyinaran terhadap efektivitas proses fotodegradasi siprofloksasin yang terkatalisis TiO2 Dopan-N zeolit dengan adanya ion Cu(II). Penelitian menggunakan reaktor tertutup, pengaduk magnetik dan lampu tungsten sebagai sumber sinar tampak. Penelitian tersebut menunjukkan hasil terjadinya peningkatan siprofloksasin yang terdegradasi  dengan  waktu penyinaran yang semakin lama. Peningkatan ini disebabkan karena terjadinya peningkatan  jumlah radikal •OH yang dihasilkan TiO2.Variasi penambahan senyawa zeolit menunjukkan semakin besar perbandingan komposisi TiO2-N : Zeolit, fotodegradasi siprofloksasin mengalami kenaikan. Kondisi optimal pada  proses fotokatalisis yang menghasilkan fotodegradasi siprofloksasin paling efektif yaitu, larutan  50 mg/L sebanyak 25 ml, dengan waktu penyinaran 100 menit dan perbandingan TiO2-Ndan Zeolit adalah 35 : 1. Pada kondisi tersebut jumlah siprofloksasin yang mengalami fotodegradasi sebesar 85,49% dan jumlah ion Cu(II) yang mengalami proses reduksi sebesar 92,79%. Kata kunci: : Fotokatalis TiO2, Ion Tembaga, Siprofloksasin, Spektrofotometer
KARAKTERISTIK BIOETANOL HASIL FERMENTASI KULIT SINGKONG
Authors: Sriyana Herman Yoseph , Nasita Ufi
Published: November 2019

Kulit singkong merupakan limbah dari singkong yang memiliki kandungan karbohidrat tinggi sehingga kulit singkong dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif bahan baku pembuatan bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah saccharomyces cerevisiae dan waktu fermentasi terhadap yield pada pembuatan bioethanol dari kulit singkong. Proses pembuatan bioetanol ini melalui tahap – tahap yaitu pembuatan tepung kulit singkong, proses hidrolisis tepung kulit singkong kemudian menganalisa kadar glukosa, proses fermentasi dan proses distilasi. Pembuatan bioetanol dari tepung kulit singkong diawali dengan proses hidrolisis asam. Proses hidrolisis ini bertujuan untuk mengubah polisakarida (pati) menjadi monosakarida (glukosa). Asam yang digunakan adalah asam klorida (HCl) 0,1 N, tepung kulit singkong dalam larutan asam dihidrolisa pada suhu 92oC selama 1 jam. Dari hasil percobaan hidrolisis tepung kulit singkong kemudian dilakukan analisa kadar glukosa. Pada proses fermentasi, buburan hasil hidrolisa asam yang akan difermentasi sebanyak 150 gram. Glukosa akan diuraikan menjadi etanol oleh ragi Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan variasi penambahan fermipan (3 gram dan 5 gram) dan waktu fermentasi (2 hari, 4 hari, 6 hari dan 10 hari), jumlah urea 3 gram. Proses distilasi untuk memisahkan etanol dilakukan selama 1 jam atau sampai tidak terjadi tetesan lagi, pada suhu 78oC – 80oC. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan yield maksimum pada waktu fermentasi 6 hari dengan jumlah fermipan 5 gram yaitu 3,7 ml bioetanol.

Kata kunci : kulit singkong, bioethanol, hidrolisa, fermentasi.
Results of an Exploratory Analysis of PISA 2015 Survey of Student Participation in Outside-School-Time Programs
Authors: Suter Larry E.
Published: November 2019

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) by the OECD measures student study time during formal school periods and during periods of out-of-school-time (OST). The purpose of these items is to account for differences in country to country achievement levels. However, analyses of the impact of additional study time on student achievement have produced conflicting results across countries. While more time given to a school subject within formal school is positively related to achievement in that topic, more time spent on OST is negatively related to average achievement between and within countries. The paper proposes a reconceptualization of OST and achievement by integrating theoretical frameworks of study time, student abilities, and student feelings of efficacy. The results of a descriptive and conceptual analysis of a set of new survey items in the 2015 PISA for 22 countries shows that students benefit from additional study time by having increased feelings of efficacy in a school subject (such as science) but not in measurable levels of achievement. While country to country levels OST participation rates are different, the patterns of relationships between OST participation, student achievement, and attitudes are similar.
The After-School Program Collaboration Quality Index (CQI): Results of a Validation Study
Authors: Jutzi Michelle , Woodland Rebecca H.
Published: November 2019

There has been a surge in the demand for the establishment of high-quality after-school programs (ASP) predicated on professional collaboration between in-school and after-school educators (OECD, 2014). In this validation study, we outline the psychometric properties of the Collaboration Quality Index (CQI) comprised of four predominant scales, using data collected from 44 Swiss ASPs and 266 ASP staff members. Internal and external validity findings, as well as bivariate correlations, indicated that the CQI is able to measure specific aspects of professional collaboration that are not accounted for with traditional and stand-alone measurement scales. ASP policy-makers and practitioners are encouraged to utilize the CQI to assess ASPs and use the results to make evidencedbased decisions for improvement.
Pododermal angioarchitecture in the equine hoof wall: A light and scanning electron microscopic study of the wall proper
Authors: Sievers H. , Hiebl B. , Hünigen H. , Hirschberg R.M.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Blood supply is an important factor for the normal function of the equine hoof, but earlier studies present conflicting data on functional characteristics of its angioarchitecture.

OBJECTIVE:

Emphasis was laid on demonstration of the microvascularisation in the different hoof wall regions, aiming at assessment of specialised vascular structures, e.g. vascular sphincter mechanisms and arteriovenous anastomoses.

METHODS:

The angioarchitecture of the adult pododerma in the equine hoof wall was examined by scanning electron microscopy of micro-corrosion casts assisted by exemplary histological and immuno-histochemical characterisation of the pododermal vasculature.

RESULTS:

The microvasculature of the lamellae and terminal papillae in all hoof wall regions was described in detail. Focal dilations and microvascular sphincters were a common feature. In contrast to former investigations, true arteriovenous anastomoses were detected at the base of the primary lamellae and the terminal papillae only, while thoroughfare channels proved a regular element within the microvasculature of the wall proper. Bicuspid venous valves were detected as regular feature. For the first time, the alpha-smooth muscle actin-reactivity of the microvascularisation in the hoof wall was systematically assessed, verifying its specialised vasomotor devices.

CONCLUSIONS:

The vasculature of the hoof wall displays specific angio-adaptations to high pressure and tensile load.
Estimating Life Expectancy and Lifetime Healthcare Costs for Alzheimer’s Disease in Taiwan: Does the Age of Disease Onset Matter?
Authors: Yeh Tian-Shin , Wang Jung-Der , Ku Li-Jung Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

Background:

People with early onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) seem to suffer greater impact. But there is a lack of population-based studies on loss of life expectancy (LE) and lifetime healthcare costs.

Objectives:

We conducted this study to estimate LE, expected years of life lost (EYLL), and lifetime healthcare costs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Taiwan stratified by onset age and gender, using a method which integrates the product of the survival function and the mean cost function over a lifetime horizon.

Methods:

We linked the National Health Insurance datasets with the National Mortality Registry and extrapolated the survival to lifetime to estimate the mean cumulative costs since the date of the first AD diagnosis using medical claims between 2001 and 2012.

Results:

A total of 21,615 mild to moderate AD patients (including 20,358 late-onset (LOAD) and 1,257 EOAD) were recruited. The average onset age for EOAD was 61 years old, while that of LOAD was 78. Although the LE of EOAD was 4.8 years longer than that of LOAD due to younger age, the EYLL for the former was 8.7 years versus 1.7 years for the latter. EOAD also had higher lifetime healthcare costs than the LOAD group (USD$37,957±2,403 versus 33,809±786).

Conclusions:

Since EOAD patients had both higher EYLL and lifetime healthcare costs than LOAD, future studies should pay more attention to the needs of EOAD patients.
Methods and Early Recruitment of a Community-Based Study of Cognitive Impairment Among Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites: The BASIC-Cognitive Study
Authors: Briceño Emily M. , Mehdipanah Roshanak , Gonzales Xavier , Heeringa Steven , Levine Deborah A. , Langa Kenneth M. , Garcia Nelda , Longoria Ruth , Morgenstern Lewis B.
Published: November 2019

Background:

As the Mexican American (MA) population grows and ages, there is an urgent need to estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment or dementia (CID), cognitive trajectories, and identify community resource needs. The Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC)-Cognitive project is a population-based study to address these issues among older MAs and non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and their informal care providers.

Objective:

Present the methodology and initial recruitment findings for the BASIC-Cognitive project.

Method:

Random, door-to-door case ascertainment is used in Nueces County, Texas, to recruit community-dwelling and nursing home residents ≥65 and informal care providers. Households are identified from a two-stage area probability sample, using Census data to aim for equal balance of MAs and NHWs. Individuals with cognitive screens indicative of possible CID complete neuropsychological assessment (Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol from the Health and Retirement Study). Informal care providers complete comprehensive interview and needs assessment. Study pairs repeat procedures at 2-year follow-up. Asset and concept mapping are performed to identify community resources and study care providers’ perceptions of needs for individuals with CID.

Results:

1,030 age-eligible households were identified, or 27% of households for whom age could be determined. 1,320 individuals were age-eligible, corresponding to 1.3 adults per eligible household. Initial recruitment yielded robust participation in the MA eligible population (60% of 689 individuals that completed cognitive screening).

Conclusion:

The BASIC-Cognitive study will provide critical information regarding the prevalence of CID in MAs, the impact of caregiving, and allocation of community resources to meet the needs of this population.
ABC Dementia Scale Classifies Alzheimer’s Disease Patients into Subgroups Characterized by Activities of Daily Living, Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia, and Cognitive Function
Authors: Wada-Isoe Kenji , Kikuchi Takashi , Umeda-Kameyama Yumi , Mori Takahiro , Akishita Masahiro , Nakamura Yu ,   on behalf of the ABC Dementia Scale Research Group
Published: November 2019

The course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) varies between individuals, and the relationship between cognitive and functional decline and the deterioration of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is still poorly understood. Until recently, it was challenging to monitor subsequent changes in these symptoms because there was no single composite scale available that could simultaneously evaluate activities of daily living (ADL), BPSD, and cognitive function (CF) states. The present authors developed a new, brief assessment scale, the “ABC Dementia Scale” (ABC-DS), which is based on item response theory and facilitates concurrent measurement of ADL, BPSD, and CF states. We previously presented the reliability, construct validity, concurrent validity, and responsiveness of the ABC-DS. We obtained the evidence through three clinical trials featuring 1,400 subjects in total. In the present study, we performed a secondary analysis of the data obtained in the previous study. We conducted hierarchical cluster analyses that allowed us to classify 197 AD patients in terms of similarities regarding ADL, BPSD, and CF domain scores, as measured by the ABC-DS. Consequently, the scale identified subgroups of patients with global clinical dementia ratings of 1, 2, and 3. Considering our results in conjunction with the clinical experiences of the AD expert among the present authors regarding longitudinal changes in ADL, BPSD, and CF, we were able to propose potential progression pathways of AD in the form of a hypothetical roadmap.
The Use of Opioids and Antipsychotics in Elderly with Dementia – Have Opioids Replaced Antipsychotics in Treating Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia?
Authors: Jensen-Dahm Christina , Christensen Ane Nørgaard , Gasse Christiane , Waldemar Gunhild
Published: November 2019

Background:

Opioids are used with increasing frequency. Elderly with dementia are prescribed opioids more frequent than elderly without. One possible explanation is that opioids may be used not only to treat pain but also behavioral symptoms.

Objective:

To test the hypothesis that strong opioid use, especially transdermal formulations, had increased, especially in elderly with dementia, in parallel with a decrease in antipsychotic use.

Methods:

Population-based cross-sectional study conducted using nationwide Danish registers with data on Denmark’s entire elderly population age ≥65 (2000: n = 802,106; 2015: n = 1,056,476). The registers were used to identify elderly with and without dementia and filled prescriptions for opioids and antipsychotics. Annual prevalence of opioid and antipsychotic use from 2000–2015 was calculated.

Results:

Prevalence of opioid use increased by 35% (24.2 to 32.5%) among elderly with dementia and by 13% among elderly without (14.9 to 16.8%) from 2000–2015. The disproportionate increase in opioid use among elderly with dementia was mainly driven by an increase in strong opioids (dementia: 11.7 to 23.1%; without dementia: 5.9 to 7.4%). Use of antipsychotics decreased during the same period (dementia: 31.3 to 19.3%; no dementia: 4.5 to 2.7%).

Conclusion:

From 2000–2015, use of opioids among the elderly increased with a disproportionately higher increase among elderly with dementia. The parallel decrease in the use of antipsychotics may suggest that opioids to some extent have replaced antipsychotics in managing behavioral symptoms, despite safety concerns and lack of evidence for effect of opioids. Future research should focus on potential risks associated with increased opioid use.
Family History is Associated with Phenotype in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Vergouw Leonie J.M. , Bosman Brechje , van de Beek Marleen , Salomé Mariet , Hoogers Susanne E. , van Steenoven Inger , Roks Gerwin , Bonifati Vincenzo , van Swieten John C. , Lemstra Afina W. , de Jong Frank Jan
Published: November 2019

It is currently unknown whether patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) with relatives with dementia or Parkinson’s disease (familial DLB patients) have a different phenotype than sporadic DLB patients. In this study, we aimed to examine disease onset, rate of cognitive decline, survival, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers in patients with familial DLB ( n = 154) and sporadic DLB ( n = 137), using linear mixed model analysis and Cox regression analysis, among others. Familial patients had a shorter survival (8.0 years) and more often elevated cerebrospinal fluid AD biomarkers (47%) than sporadic patients (9.0 years; p≤0.001; 30%, p = 0.037). Our findings suggest that genetic factors are important in DLB and that the identification of new genetic factors will probably improve the prediction of prognosis.
Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Tarraf Wassim , Kaplan Robert , Daviglus Martha , Gallo Linda C. , Schneiderman Neil , Penedo Frank J. , Perreira Krista M. , Lamar Melissa , Chai Albert , Vásquez Priscilla M. , González Hector M.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Cardiovascular disease is linked to cognitive decline and disorders (e.g., dementia). The evidence is based largely on older non-Latino White cohorts.

Objective:

Examine the association between global vascular risk and cognitive function among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States.

Methods:

We used data from a large sample of stroke- and cardiovascular disease-free, middle-aged and older Hispanics/Latinos with diverse backgrounds ( n=7,650) from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). We compared associations between two measures of cardiovascular risk (CVR), the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score (FCRS) and the multiethnic Global Vascular Risk Score (GVRS), and cognitive performance using measures of global and domain specific cognitive function, and tested for modification by sex and age.

Results:

Higher FCRS and GVRS were associated with lower global cognition and higher probability of low mental status, after covariates adjustment. Both CVR indices were associated with lower performances in learning and memory, verbal fluency, and psychomotor speed. Higher GVRS presented stronger associations with lower cognitive function compared to the FCRS. Women and younger age (45–64 years) exhibited more pronounced associations between higher CVR and worse cognition, particularly so with the GVRS.

Discussion:

CVR is also a risk for compromised cognitive function and evident in middle-age among Hispanics/Latinos. The multiethnic GVRS, tailored to specific risks based on racial/ethnic background, is feasible to use in primary care settings and can provide important insight on cognitive risk. Even modest shifts in population toward cardiovascular health in the high-risk Hispanic/Latino population can have important positive impacts on healthy cognitive aging.
Age-Related Intraneuronal Aggregation of Amyloid-β in Endosomes, Mitochondria, Autophagosomes, and Lysosomes
Authors: Brewer Gregory J. , Herrera Robert A. , Philipp Stephan , Sosna Justyna , Reyes-Ruiz Jorge Mauricio , Glabe Charles G.
Published: November 2019

This work provides new insight into the age-related basis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the composition of intraneuronal amyloid (iAβ), and the mechanism of an age-related increase in iAβ in adult AD-model mouse neurons. A new end-specific antibody for Aβ45 and another for aggregated forms of Aβ provide new insight into the composition of iAβ and the mechanism of accumulation in old adult neurons from the 3xTg-AD model mouse. iAβ levels containing aggregates of Aβ45 increased 30-50-fold in neurons from young to old age and were further stimulated upon glutamate treatment. iAβ was 8 times more abundant in 3xTg-AD than non-transgenic neurons with imaged particle sizes following the same log-log distribution, suggesting a similar snow-ball mechanism of intracellular biogenesis. Pathologically misfolded and mislocalized Alz50 tau colocalized with iAβ and rapidly increased following a brief metabolic stress with glutamate. AβPP-CTF, Aβ45, and aggregated Aβ colocalized most strongly with mitochondria and endosomes and less with lysosomes and autophagosomes. Differences in iAβ by sex were minor. These results suggest that incomplete carboxyl-terminal trimming of long Aβs by gamma-secretase produced large intracellular deposits which limited completion of autophagy in aged neurons. Understanding the mechanism of age-related changes in iAβ processing may lead to application of countermeasures to prolong dementia-free health span.
Metabolic Network Topology of Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies Generated Using Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Imai Masamichi , Tanaka Mika , Sakata Muneyuki , Wagatsuma Kei , Tago Tetsuro , Toyohara Jun , Sengoku Renpei , Nishina Yuji , Kanemaru Kazutomi , Ishibashi Kenji , Murayama Shigeo , Ishii Kenji
Published: November 2019

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are often misdiagnosed with each other because of similar symptoms including progressive memory loss. The metabolic network topology that describes inter-regional metabolic connections can be generated using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) data with the graph-theoretical method. We hypothesized that different metabolic connectivity underlies the symptoms of AD patients, DLB patients, and cognitively normal (CN) individuals.

Objective:

This study aimed to generate metabolic connectivity using FDG-PET data and assess the network topology to differentiate AD patients, DLB patients, and CN individuals.

Methods:

This study included 45 AD patients, 18 DLB patients, and 142 CN controls. We analyzed FDG-PET data using the graph-theoretical method and generated the network topology in AD patients, DLB patients, and CN individuals. We statistically assessed the topology with global and nodal parameters.

Results:

The whole metabolic network was preserved in CN; however, diffusely decreased connection was found in AD and partially but more deeply decreased connection was observed in DLB. The metabolic topology revealed that the right posterior cingulate and the left transverse temporal gyrus were significantly different between AD and DLB.

Conclusion:

The present findings indicate that metabolic connectivity decreased in both AD and DLB, compared with CN. DLB was characterized restricted but deeper stereotyped network disruption compared with AD. The right posterior cingulate and the left transverse temporal gyrus are significant regions in the metabolic connectivity for differentiating AD from DLB.
Amyloid-β, Tau, and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Elias Alby , Cummins Tia , Lamb Fiona , Tyrrell Regan , Dore Vincent , Williams Rob , Rosenfeld Jeffrey V. , Hopwood Malcolm , Villemagne Victor L. , Rowe Christopher C.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dementia.

Objective:

This study assessed whether Alzheimer’s disease (AD) imaging biomarkers were elevated in Vietnam veterans with PTSD.

Methods:

The study compared cognition, amyloid-β, tau, regional brain metabolism and volumes, and the effect of APOE in 83 veterans with and without PTSD defined by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale.

Results:

The PTSD group had significantly lower education, predicted premorbid IQ, total intracranial volume, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score compared with the controls. There was no difference between the two groups in the imaging or genetic biomarkers for AD.

Conclusion:

Our findings do not support an association between AD pathology and PTSD of up to 50 years duration. Measures to assess cognitive reserve, a factor that may delay the onset of dementia, were lower in the PTSD group compared with the controls and this may account for the previously observed higher incidence of dementia with PTSD.
Volvulus with intestinal malrotation hiding a near-total intestinal aganglionosis: Case report
Authors: Kerkeni Y. , Hannachi W. , Hamzaoui M.
Published: November 2019

Total colonic aganglionosis occurring together with malrotation is a rare occurrence and may pose diagnostic and management dilemmas for the pediatric surgeon. We report the case of a new born, who was operated at the age of three days for malrotation with volvulus, treated by Ladd procedure. Postoperatively, we noticed persistent abdominal distension and emission of a small amount of meconium every 4 to 5 days. The barium enema showed a non-functional microcolon. Surgical exploration on the 24th day found an ileo-ileal transition zone located 60 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. Extemporaneous biopsies from the colon and mid-ileum confirmed the absence of ganglion cells. We performed an ileostomy at 50 cm from duodeno-jejunal flexure. Unfortunately, the patient succumbed to nosocomial infection at 33 days of age.

This case was a challenging scenario for us where a diagnosis of complicated malrotation had obscured the Hirschsprung’s disease.
Percutaneous retrieval of fractured intravascular catheters in premature infants
Authors: Rothman A. , Jaiswal V. , Evans W.N. , Restrepo H. , Galindo A.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Premature infants often require long-term indwelling intravascular catheters. Occasionally, catheters fracture and migrate into cardiovascular structures, risking perforation, infection, thrombosis, and interference with cardiac and valve function. This case series describes our experience with percutaneous retrieval of broken intravascular catheters.

METHODS:

A gooseneck micro-snare was used to retrieve fractured catheters in four premature infants, weighing between 840 and 1930 grams.

RESULTS:

All procedures were successful without complications.

CONCLUSIONS:

Gooseneck-snare retrieval of broken indwelling intravascular catheters can be performed safely and successfully in premature infants even those that weigh less than 1000 grams.
Laktasyondaki Keçilerde Lökosit CaSR Gen Ekspresyon Seviyesi İle Plazma Kalsiyum Seviyesinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: DALKIRAN Sevda , YAKAN Akın
Published: November 2019

Süt verimi keçi yetiştiriciliğinde büyük öneme

sahiptir. Sütün içeriğinde bulunan kalsiyum insan sağlığı için önemlidir. Kalsiyum

hücre membran geçirgenliği, hormonların salınımı, enzim aktivitesi gibi birçok

fizyolojik olayda görev almaktadır. Metabolizma bakımından değerlendirildiğinde

laktasyon döneminde süt verimine bağlı olarak kalsiyum ihtiyacı artmaktadır.

Kalsiyum düzeyi ise önemli oranda Kalsiyuma Duyarlı Reseptör (CaSR) geni

aracılığıyla düzenlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada laktasyondaki Damascus keçilerinde

CaSR geni ekspresyon seviyesi ile kan kalsiyum seviyesi ölçülerek laktasyon ile

aralarındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. CaSR geni ekspresyon seviyesi RT-qPCR ile

ölçülürken plazma kalsiyum seviyesi mikroplazma atomik emisyon spektrofotometresi

(MP- AES) ile ölçülmüştür. Laktasyonun 1. ayına göre 3., 5. ve 7. aylarında

CaSR genine ait ekspresyon seviyesinin önemli derecede azaldığı tespit

edilmiştir. Laktasyonun 1. ve 3. aylarına göre diğer aylarda kalsiyum seviyelerinde

önemli derecede azalma tespit edilmiştir. Plazma kalsiyum miktarındaki azalma CaSR

geninin ekspresyon seviyesindeki azalma ile uyumlu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Böylece

laktasyon ile kaybolan kalsiyumun plazmadaki düşüşünü engellemek için

metabolizmanın koruma refleksi oluşturarak CaSR ekspresyonunu azalttığı

görülmüştür. Yapılan bu çalışmayla laktasyon dönemindeki keçilerde süt ile

birlikte ortaya çıkan kalsiyum kaybının kandaki regülasyonunu CaSR geni ile

sağlandığı tespit edilmiştir. 
Agrotourism as one of the ways to develop entrepreneurship in rural areas
Authors: Hrymak O. Ya. , Vovk M. V. , Kindrat O. V.
Published: November 2019

Agrоtourism, as one of the most promising forms of entrepreneurial activity, is attracting increasing attention today, thanks to its rapid spread in both developed and developing countries. The article highlights that agrotourism entrepreneurship can play a decisive role in the development of a new strategy for sustainable agricultural development, since entrepreneurial activity is a driving force for rural economies. It is also an important counteracting factor to adverse socio-economic processes such as unemployment, migration, and the decline in the quality of life of rural residents. It is proved that agrotourism is one of the ways of developing entrepreneurship in rural areas can bring several advantages in three main areas of development. Within the economic dimension, agrotourism can be considered as a strategy of agricultural diversification. This can provide additional income and new employment opportunities for rural residents and, therefore, can reduce poverty and reduce migration in rural areas. From an environmental point of view, agrotourism can help conserve the environment, ecosystems and farmland and minimize environmental damage. From a socio-cultural point of view, agrotourism helps to preserve cultural heritage in rural areas, improve farmers' social status and empower rural people. The development of agrotourism and its positive effects can accelerate the process of rural diversification. The article also highlights a number of common problems that most often hinder the development of agrotourism, including problems of strategic planning, lack of financial and human resources, lack of adequate training and education, lack of professionalism. It is stated that at the state level the policy of promotion and promotion of agrotourism as the most promising form of entrepreneurship in rural areas should be actively pursued. The use of agrotourism potential in modern conditions of decentralization of management will lead to socio-economic development of the region by increasing the income of local budgets, increasing investment attractiveness, increasing employment of the population, especially in rural mostly depressed areas, preserving the landscape or its positive change, historical heritage.
The Second Jerusalem: the birth of one unspoken idea
Authors: Khaletskyj O. V.
Published: November 2019

In our opinion, the spiritual purpose of Ancient Rus in the middle of the ІХ–ХІV centuries was the spread of Christianity to the vast expanses of Eastern Europe, its contribution to the spiritual transformation of the world. Overcoming the insurmountable obstacles of nomadic destruction, Ukraine-Rus own strife and betrayal step by step goes to self-determination as the Second Jerusalem – the spiritual center of Orthodoxy and of all Eastern Christianity through the choice of faith, through the three christening of Rus Askoldov, Olzhine and Volodymyrove, through the disregard for Christianity, through the creation of the glorious Kiev variant of Orthodoxy, through the acquisition of holiness in the temples of St. Sophia, the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, and the exploits of its monasticism, etc., through the acquisition of apostolic origin in the legend of Andrew, through overcoming all temptations, preservation and rebirth, through the enrichment of world experience of Christianity, because of the fostering of mystical Eastern Christian foundations in Paisii Velychkovsky's Little Rus monasteries, in Skovoroda, in Gogol, in Bulatovych's nameword, etc., through the Metropolitan of Kyiv Petro Mogyla of the Orthodox Center – New Jerusalem already reached and finally, overcoming all the insurmountable obstacles in the creation of our own Orthodox Church of Rus-Ukraine in recognition of patriarchy and in unity with world orthodoxy and modern religious revival. Let Moscow want to be a political center and it proves very consistently, and Ukraine-Russia, the blasphemous city of Kyiv, emerge as a spiritual center – the New Jerusalem, which is evidenced by all its historical development, already demonstrated by the fact that the “priesthood is higher than the kingdom”, which could be its contribution to the spiritual transformation of the world. Thus, the very reason that Kyiv could become the spiritual center of Eastern Christianity could be that it 1) overcame all temptations, first and foremost 2) the loss of gain, 3) consistently pursues the unity of Christianity, for example, Kyiv is also the center of the UGCC, 4) Kyiv with its shrines concentrates the fullness of the holiness of Christianity, 5) it develops its specifically Eastern Christian mystical foundations and is 6) open to the positive world (Kyiv – Mohylyanska Academy and its theology, etc.) of mutual influence. Let's form Ukraine-Rus as the New Jerusalem – the spiritual center.