bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ericoid shrub encroachment shifts aboveground–belowground linkages in three peatlands across Europe and Western Siberia
Authors: Buttler Alexandre , Bragazza Luca , Laggoun‐Défarge Fatima , Gogo Sebastien , Toussaint Marie‐Laure , Lamentowicz Mariusz , Chojnicki Bogdan H. , Słowiński Michał , Słowińska Sandra , Zielińska Małgorzata , Reczuga Monika , Barabach Jan , Marcisz Katarzyna , Lamentowicz Łukasz , Harenda Kamila , Lapshina Elena , Gilbert Daniel , Schlaepfer Rodolphe , Jassey Vincent E. J.
Published: August 2023

In northern peatlands, reduction of Sphagnum dominance in favour of vascular vegetation is likely to influence biogeochemical processes. Such vegetation changes occur as the water table lowers and temperatures rise. To test which of these factors has a significant influence on peatland vegetation, we conducted a 3‐year manipulative field experiment in Linje mire (northern Poland). We manipulated the peatland water table level (wet, intermediate and dry; on average the depth of the water table was 17.4, 21.2 and 25.3 cm respectively), and we used open‐top chambers (OTCs) to create warmer conditions (on average increase of 1.2°C in OTC plots compared to control plots). Peat drying through water table lowering at this local scale had a larger effect than OTC warming treatment per see on Sphagnum mosses and vascular plants. In particular, ericoid shrubs increased with a lower water table level, while Sphagnum decreased. Microclimatic measurements at the plot scale indicated that both water‐level and temperature, represented by heating degree days (HDDs), can have significant effects on the vegetation. In a large‐scale complementary vegetation gradient survey replicated in three peatlands positioned along a transitional oceanic–continental and temperate–boreal (subarctic) gradient (France–Poland–Western Siberia), an increase in ericoid shrubs was marked by an increase in phenols in peat pore water, resulting from higher phenol concentrations in vascular plant biomass. Our results suggest a shift in functioning from a mineral‐N‐driven to a fungi‐mediated organic‐N nutrient acquisition with shrub encroachment. Both ericoid shrub encroachment and higher mean annual temperature in the three sites triggered greater vascular plant biomass and consequently the dominance of decomposers (especially fungi), which led to a feeding community dominated by nematodes. This contributed to lower enzymatic multifunctionality. Our findings illustrate mechanisms by which plants influence ecosystem responses to climate change, through their effect on microbial trophic interactions.
Idiopathic bone cavity mimicking a botryoid odontogenic cyst: A rare radiographic presentation in an older adult
Authors: Brooks John K. , Lee Young In , Fahimi Ali , Stanhope Colin J. , Sultan Ahmed S. , Price Jeffery B.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

This report describes an unusual case of a multilocular idiopathic bone cavity (IBC) that presented as a botryoid odontogenic cyst situated between the mandibular lateral incisor and canine in an older adult.

Background

The IBC represents an intraosseous concavity that appears radiographically as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion found in various skeletal sites, including the jaw. Atypical cases of gnathic IBC have not been appreciated in the gerodontologic literature.

Materials and methods

The teeth adjacent to the bony lesion had normal pulpal responses to cold. A full‐thickness flap was elevated and provided a direct entry into a bony concavity, which was devoid of an epithelial lining and fluid.

Results

The lack of a cystic lining within the empty osseous lesion following surgical entry, concomitant with the vital pulpal status of the proximal teeth, led to a diagnosis of an IBC. The bony walls underwent curettage and copious irrigation prior to primary closure. A 10‐month follow‐up revealed partial evidence of osseous repair. The patient will continue to be monitored.

Conclusion

Timely surgical intervention of central lesions of the jaws may improve clinical outcomes. Variants of the IBC should be included in the differential diagnosis of multilocular lesions, particularly in the geriatric population.
Experiences and views of people who frequently call emergency ambulance services: A qualitative study of UK service users
Authors: Evans Bridie A. , Khanom Ashra , Edwards Adrian , Edwards Bethan , Farr Angela , Foster Theresa , Fothergill Rachael , Gripper Penny , Gunson Imogen , Porter Alison , Rees Nigel , Scott Jason , Snooks Helen , Watkins Alan
Published: August 2023

Introduction

People who call emergency ambulances frequently are often vulnerable because of health and social circumstances, have unresolved problems or cannot access appropriate care. They have higher mortality rates. Case management by interdisciplinary teams can help reduce demand for emergency services and is available in some UK regions. We report results of interviews with people who use emergency ambulance services frequently to understand their experiences of calling and receiving treatment.

Methods

We used a two‐stage recruitment process. A UK ambulance service identified six people who were known to them as frequently calling emergency services. Through third‐sector organisations, we also recruited nine individuals with healthcare experiences reflecting the characteristics of people who call frequently. We gained informed consent to record and transcribe all telephone interviews. We used thematic analysis to explore the results.

Results

People said they make frequent calls to emergency ambulance services as a last resort when they perceive their care needs are urgent and other routes to help have failed. Those with the most complex health needs generally felt their immediate requirements were not resolved and underlying mental and physical problems led them to call again. A third of respondents were also attended to by police and were arrested for behaviour associated with their health needs. Those callers receiving case management did not know they were selected for this. Some respondents were concerned that case management could label frequent callers as troublemakers.

Conclusion

People who make frequent calls to emergency ambulance services feel their health and care needs are urgent and ongoing. They cannot see alternative ways to receive help and resolve problems. Communication between health professionals and service users appears inadequate. More research is needed to understand service users' motivations and requirements to inform design and delivery of accessible and effective services.

Patient or Public Contribution

People with relevant experience were involved in developing, undertaking and disseminating this research. Two public contributors helped design and deliver the study, including developing and analysing service user interviews and drafting this paper. Eight public members of a Lived Experience Advisory Panel contributed at key stages of study design, interpretation and dissemination. Two more public contributors were members of an independent Study Steering Committee.
Prognostic factors for competing risk in patients with AIDS‐related Kaposi's sarcoma: A SEER population‐based study
Authors: Wang Haili , Guo Chengnan , Zhang Xin , Xu Yiyun , Li Yi , Wang Tianye , Liu Zhenqiu , Zhu Xiaohua , Zhang Tiejun
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Despite the improved survival of patients with AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), competing events are a non‐negligible issue affecting the survival of such patients. In this study, we explored the prognostic factors of KS‐specific and non‐KS‐specific mortality in patients with AIDS‐related KS (AIDS‐KS), accounting for competing risk.

Methods

We identified 17 103 patients with AIDS‐KS aged 18–65 years between 1980 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 registry database. Prognostic factors for KS‐specific and non‐KS‐specific mortality were determined by the Fine and Grey proportional subdistribution hazard model. We built competing risk nomograms and assessed their predictive performance based on the identified prognostic factors.

Results

In total, 12 943 (75.68%) patients died, 1965 (15.50%) of whom died from competing events. The KS‐specific mortality rate was 14 835 per 100 000 person‐years, and the non‐KS specific mortality rate was 2719 per 100 000 person‐years. Specifically, age >44 years was associated with an 11% decrease in the subdistribution hazard of KS‐specific mortality compared with age <43 years but a 50% increase in the subdistribution hazard of non‐KS‐specific mortality. Being male was associated with a 26% increase in the subdistribution hazard of KS‐specific mortality compared with being female but a 32% decrease in the subdistribution hazard of non‐KS‐specific mortality. Notably, being in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era consistently showed a decrease in the subdistribution hazard of both KS‐specific and non‐KS‐specific mortality than being in the pre‐ART era.

Conclusions

Competing events commonly occurred among patients with AIDS‐KS, which deserves further attention to improve the prognosis of these patients.
Explaining context, mechanism and outcome in adult community mental health crisis care: A realist evidence synthesis
Authors: Clibbens Nicola , Booth Andrew , Sharda Leila , Baker John , Thompson Jill , Ashman Michael , Berzins Kathryn , Weich Scott , Kendal Sarah
Published: August 2023

Mental health crises cause significant distress and disruption to the lives of individuals and their families. Community crisis care systems are complex, often hard to navigate and poorly understood. This realist evidence synthesis aimed to explain how, for whom and in what circumstances community mental health crisis services for adults work to resolve crises and is reported according to RAMESES guidelines. Using realist methodology, initial programme theories were identified and then tested through iterative evidence searching across 10 electronic databases, four expert stakeholder consultations and n = 20 individual interviews. 45 relevant records informed the three initial programme theories, and 77 documents, were included in programme theory testing. 39 context, mechanism, outcome configurations were meta‐synthesized into three themes: (1) The gateway to urgent support; (2) Values based crisis interventions and (3) Leadership and organizational values. Fragmented cross‐agency responses exacerbated staff stress and created barriers to access. Services should focus on evaluating interagency working to improve staff role clarity and ensure boundaries between services are planned for. Organizations experienced as compassionate contributed positively to perceived accessibility but relied on compassionate leadership. Attending to the support needs of staff and the proximity of leaders to the front line of crisis care are key. Designing interventions that are easy to navigate, prioritize shared decision‐making and reduce the risk of re‐traumatizing people is a priority.
The impact of insurance status on in‐hospital mortality in patients with hyperglycaemic crisis: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Chen Zhen , Zhao Xu , He Rui , Li Hong , Fu Shimin , Zhang Kebiao , Gu Manping , Zhou Sumei
Published: August 2023

Aim

This study was designed to determine the associations between insurance status and clinical outcomes among patients with hyperglycaemic crisis.

Methods

Overall, 1668 patients with hyperglycaemic crisis were recruited from the Chongqing Medical University Medical Data Science Academy's big data platform. In‐hospital mortality, length of stay and complications (i.e., hypoglycaemia, hypokalemia, pulmonary infection, multiple systemic organ failure, acute kidney injury and deep venous thrombosis) were assessed. Propensity score matching analysis was used to reduce the confounding bias, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to estimate the effect of insurance status on mortality in patients with hyperglycaemic crisis.

Results

After matching one uninsured patient to two insured patients with a calliper of 0.02, the uninsured group suffered a higher burden of in‐hospital mortality than the insured group (16.9% vs. 9.8%); the insured status (odds ratio = 0.216, 95% confidence interval = 0.079–0.587) was a potential protect factor for in‐hospital mortality of patients with hyperglycaemic crisis in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions

Insurance status is associated with the outcomes of hospitalisation for hyperglycaemic crisis; uninsured patients with hyperglycaemic crisis face a higher risk of mortality in China.
Post‐traumatic stress symptoms and parenting in military families: A systematic integrative review
Authors: Gupta Aditi , Gewirtz Abigail H. , Borden Lynn M.
Published: August 2023

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among service members portends substantial impairments not only for the affected individual but also for their families. However, the association between PTSD symptoms and specific parenting domains remains understudied. Drawing upon the Military Family Stress Model and the Cognitive Behavioral Interpersonal Theory of PTSD, this systematic review provides an overview and synthesis of the literature on PTSD symptoms and parenting in military families with the objective to examine associations between parental PTSD symptoms and key parenting domains. Following PRISMA guidelines, 27 empirical studies were reviewed. Five distinct parenting domains emerged across studies. The findings indicated that greater PTSD symptoms were generally associated with adverse parenting outcomes with some variation across different parenting domains, such that some parenting outcomes showed more consistent negative associations with parental PTSD symptoms than others. These results have significant implications for research and practice, providing insight for family‐focused intervention/prevention studies.
Effect of laser surface treatment on shear bond strength between polyetheretherketone and heat‐activated polymethylmethacrylate resin
Authors: Kuttuva Balasubramanian Sivaprakash Babu Ananda Deeban , Singaravel Chidambara Nathan Ahila , Balasubramanium Muthu Kumar
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To compare the shear bond strength between polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and heat activated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin after laser treatment.

Materials and Methods

A total of 128 PEEK discs were fabricated (10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) and allocated into two groups. Group 1 was subjected to surface treatment followed by thermal cycling for 5000 cycles and group 2 was subjected to surface treatment followed by thermal cycling for 10,000 cycles. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups (n = 16) which were: no surface treatment; primer treatment; acid etching; and laser surface treatment. PEEK was then bonded with PMMA resin using the conventional flasking technique. The shear bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was done using one‐way ANOVA for comparing within groups, followed by Tukey HSD test. Student's T‐test was done to evaluate between the two groups.

Results

In group 1, the highest shear bond strength was exhibited by the laser group (19.08 ± 0.16 MPa) followed by the acid etch group (14.84 ± 0.23 MPa), and the primer group (6.43 ± 0.20 MPa), while the least shear bond strength was observed in the no surface treatment group (4.98 ± 0.34 MPa) which was found to be significant (p < 0.05). In group 2, the highest shear bond strength was observed in the laser group (18.21 ± 0.23 MPa) followed by the acid etch group (13.77 ± 0.48 MPa), and the primer group (6.04 ± 0.11 MPa), while the least shear bond strength was observed in no surface treatment group (4.35 ± 0.21 MPa) which was found to be significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The shear bond strength between PEEK and PMMA resin was highest for specimens that were surface treated with laser and followed by specimens treated with acid etching, primer application, and without surface treatment, respectively. Increasing thermal cycling from 5000 cycles to 10,000 cycles also reduced the bond strength.
Ethical Reasoning in a Morally Diverse World: Higher Education and the Purposes of Religious Ethics
Authors: Weaver Darlene Fozard
Published: August 2023

As the Journal of Religious Ethics celebrates its 50th anniversary, higher education in the United States is in a period of upheaval. How does its changing landscape impact the ways we articulate the value of religious ethics? What do our students need from ethics coursework? Both the upheaval in higher education and recent critiques of higher education from religious ethicists highlight questions about the purposes and value of postsecondary education. This essay argues that an emphasis on the practice of ethical reasoning speaks to legitimate public interests in higher education, serves undergraduate students' personal development and professional preparation, and provides an opportunity for dynamic engagement with religious ethics.
Factors associated with physical inactivity among the pre‐school children: A cohort of 1681 participants
Authors: Huang Junjie , Cheung Calvin KM , Chan Sze Chai , Pang Wing Sze , Chow Shui Hang , Li Queenie HY , Lo Amelia SC , Keung Vera MW , Mui Lancelot WH , Lee Albert , Wong Martin CS
Published: August 2023

Aim

To investigate the risk factors associated with physical inactivity of young children in Hong Kong.

Methods

This follow‐up study was part of a prospective cohort study named Studying Impact of Nutrition on Growth (SING) initiated in 2015. Subjects were recruited from randomly selected local nurseries and kindergartens in Hong Kong. Self‐administrated questionnaires were distributed to parents in 2016–2017 to collect information on: (i) socio‐economic background; (ii) health‐related factors, including gestation at time of birth, and hospitalisation of the child since birth; (iii) types of leisure activities, including time spent on electronic games and physical activity.

Results

A total of 1681 responses were collected. A higher likelihood of physical inactivity on weekdays was associated with being female, not being the firstborn, having been hospitalised three or more times since birth, and having physically inactive care givers. Meanwhile, children whose mother was unemployed/retired, and who spent more than 1 h on electronic games per day were significantly less likely to be physically inactive. Similarly, being female, being the secondborn or the thirdborn, and having a care giver with low physical activity level were associated with a higher chance of physical inactivity on weekends.

Conclusions

Parental support could play a pivotal role in determining a child's physical activity level. Public health policies should be implemented to promote family‐based physical activities.
To Bid or Not to Bid? That is the Question! First‐ Versus Second‐Mover Advantage in Negotiations
Authors: Maaravi Yossi , Levy Aharon , Heller Ben
Published: August 2023

For the past two decades, negotiation research has established a first‐mover advantage based on the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. Negotiation scholars have argued that first offers serve as anchors that affect both counteroffers and settlement prices. Consequently, management education—including negotiation articles, books, courses, and seminars—often recommends that negotiators move first to “anchor” their counterparts. Nonetheless, a growing body of recent research contradicts this general advice and points to a second‐mover advantage in specific cases. Interestingly, this contradiction was termed the “practitioner‐researcher paradox,” as practitioners and negotiation experts appeared to understand the benefits of moving second in negotiations, which scholars—up until recently—generally have overlooked. The current article offers a solution to this paradox by proposing three key factors that might explain the conditions and circumstances of first‐ versus second‐mover advantage in negotiations. These three factors are central in negotiation research and practice: information, power, and strategy. Given the centrality of first offers in negotiations, the solution to this paradox is crucial for negotiation scholars, businesspeople, managers, and anyone else who finds themselves in a negotiation.
OsbHLH92, in the noncanonical brassinosteroid signaling pathway, positively regulates leaf angle and grain weight in rice
Authors: Teng Shouzhen , Liu Qiming , Chen Guoxin , Chang Yuan , Cui Xuean , Wu Jinxia , Ai Pengfei , Sun Xuehui , Zhang Zhiguo , Lu Tiegang
Published: August 2023

Modifications of plant architecture can increase planting density, regulate photosynthesis, and improve crop yields. Many basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors participate in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway and are critical for plant architecture morphogenesis in rice. However, the number of identified bHLH genes suitable for improving production value is still limited.

In this study, we cloned Lam1, encoding the typical bHLH transcription factor OsbHLH92. OsbHLH92 knockout (KO) lines exhibit erect leaves. Decreases in the number and size of parenchyma cell layers on the adaxial side of the lamina joint in KO lines were the main reason for the decreased leaf angle. Genetic experiments verify that OsBU1 and its homologs are downstream of OsbHLH92, which is involved in the noncanonical RGA1‐mediated BR signaling pathway.

OsbHLH91, an OsbHLH92 homolog, plays both conserved and differentiated roles relative to OsbHLH92. Notably, OsbHLH92‐KO lines show erect leaves without the acquisition of adverse agronomic traits. Moreover, by driving a specific panicle promoter, OsbHLH92 can greatly increase productivity by at least 10%.

This study identifies new components of the BR signaling pathway, demonstrates the importance of OsbHLH92 in improving planting density and crop productivity, and broadens our knowledge of typical and atypical bHLH family members in rice.
Flood‐oriented watershed health and ecological security conceptual modeling using pressure, state, and response (PSR) approach for the Sharghonj Watershed, South Khorasan Province, Iran
Authors: Chamani Reza , Sadeghi Seyed Hamidreza , Zare Somaye , Shekohideh Hengameh , Mumzaei Azam , Amini Hamed , Hemmati Laila , Zarei Reza
Published: August 2023

Today, watersheds have changed under the influence of various environmental and human factors, and their expected performance has decreased in terms of meeting human needs, providing natural responses, and reducing environmental risks. However, evaluating health status and its impact on various factors has not been given enough attention. To this end, an attempt has been made to evaluate the health and ecological security of the subwatersheds of the Sharghonj Watershed using the pressure‐state‐response approach emphasizing flood‐related issues in the region. Toward that, 21 preliminary hydrological, anthropogenic, natural, and climatic criteria were selected. The preliminary variables were then finalized based on the results of the collinearity test and the data availability. The final variables were appropriately allocated to pressure, state, and response (PSR) indices, and associated health and ecological security indices were determined at the subwatershed scale. The results showed that the PSR ranged from 0.56 to 0.86, 0.46 to 0.84, and 0.35 to 0.96, respectively. Health and ecological security also varied from 0.53 to 0.83 and 0.27 to 1.01 in different subwatersheds. Eventually, the weighted mean PSR indices for the Sharghonj Watershed were 0.72, 0.67, and 0.73, respectively. The weighted mean health and ecological security indices were 0.70 and 0.68, respectively. The research results indicated that the dynamic of various variables related to floods considerably affects the health of the Sharghonj Watershed. It could be concluded from the results that the Sharghonj Watershed is highly flood‐susceptible, whose health and ecological security status was mainly controlled by the damages due to the destruction of residences and orchards by floods in the past few years. The results of the current study provide an appropriate roadmap to the decision makers and planners for the better management of the watershed resources in the region through allocating adequate financial support and implementation measures to priority subwatersheds.
Explaining the paradox of conspiracy theories and system‐justifying beliefs from an intergroup perspective
Authors: Mao Jia‐Yan , Zeng Zhao‐Xie , Yang Shen‐Long , Guo Yong‐Yu , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem
Published: August 2023

By distinguishing between ingroup versus outgroup conspiracy theories, this research seeks to explain a paradox in conspiracy theory research, namely, that conspiracy beliefs are associated with both derogation and justification of the social system. Study 1 (N = 1,481) was a survey in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in China, and the results revealed a negative correlation between belief in ingroup conspiracy theories and system‐justifying beliefs. In Study 2 (N = 195), exposure to outgroup conspiracy theories positively predicted system‐justifying beliefs, a finding that was serially mediated by external attributions and collective narcissism. In Study 3 (N = 256), exposure to ingroup conspiracy theories negatively predicted system‐justifying beliefs, a result that was serially mediated by internal attributions and anomie. In Study 4 (N = 616), exposure to a conspiracy theory about the US government increased system‐justifying beliefs among Chinese participants and decreased them among US participants. The distinction between ingroup versus outgroup conspiracy theories hence implies two different processes through which conspiracy theories affect system‐justifying beliefs.
Toolkits for innovation: how digital technologies empower users in new product development
Authors: Schäper Thomas , Foege J. Nils , Nüesch Stephan
Published: August 2023

In recent decades, toolkits for innovation have been increasingly used to integrate users into new product development processes. They promise to empower users in these processes by providing design freedom and iterative learning for the transformation of ideas into products. Despite these potential benefits, little is known about how these often digital toolkits compare to traditional design methods, and what role previous experience of users in new product development plays. To compare the effectiveness of toolkits for innovation with physical product modeling, we conducted a two‐stage laboratory experiment in the form of an innovation challenge. One hundred non‐expert and 46 expert users created new product designs, which were subsequently evaluated by an independent jury. Our results show that users with no experience in digital or physical design tasks develop more innovative product ideas when using a digital toolkit for innovation than when they use physical product modeling, while expert users seem to be able to use both methods with equal success. We, thereby, show that toolkits for innovation are a powerful way to translate users' solution information into a prototype. Moreover, our results indicate that the usage of a digital toolkit for innovation decreases the quality gap between the designs of non‐expert and expert users in new product development.
Agricultural productivity‐environmental sustainability nexus through the lens of digitalization and energy intensity in BRICS countries
Authors: Qi Junkai , Hussain Jamal , Yin Yexing , Khan Anwar
Published: August 2023

The agricultural sector holds paramount implications in the economies of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries. Nevertheless, the escalating effect of climate change shows a significant and alarming threat to the actual environmental conditions required to sustain agricultural production. This study examines the potential contribution of demographic dividends, digitalization, and energy intensity in facilitating the attainment of environmental sustainability and agricultural productivity by BRICS economies from 1996 to 2020. The study first tested cross‐sectional dependence, then unit roots, cointegration, and long‐run elasticities using suitable econometric approaches to explore possible links between the study variables. The empirical results from the long‐run estimators stated that digitalization improves agricultural production and the environment; contrarily, demographic dividend and energy intensity contribute to environmental degradation. Furthermore, the long‐term improvement of agricultural production is supported by demographic dividend, GDP per capita, energy intensity, and digitalization. Also, the study reached a broad inference emphasizing bidirectional causal associations between demographic dividend, energy intensity, GDP per capita, the environment, and agricultural production. In conclusion, the study has identified robust policy options for BRICS economies that can serve as valuable guidance for policymakers in making informed decisions and implementing effective practices.
The association between appreciative management and work engagement among health‐ and social care professionals: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kuha Suvi , Rissanen Sanna , Harmoinen Merja , Vähänikkilä Hannu , Kanste Outi
Published: August 2023

Background

The importance of work engagement has been emphasised due to the increasing demand for health‐ and social care and the shortage of skilled labour. Improving organisational and managerial factors is important when enhancing professionals' work engagement. The association between management and work engagement has only been established in previous studies at a general level, but the association between appreciative management and work engagement has not received equivalent research interest.

Aim

This study aimed to describe the association between appreciative management and work engagement among health‐ and social care professionals.

Methods

The study used a cross‐sectional survey design. The data were collected in five health and social services centres in one city in Finland from September to October 2022 using the Appreciative Management Scale 2.0 and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale‐9. A total of 182 health‐ and social care professionals participated. The data were analysed using correlations, linear regression analyses, independent samples t‐tests and two‐way analyses of variance (ANOVAs).

Results

A moderate association was found between appreciative management and work engagement and its dimensions of vigor, dedication and absorption. Systematic management had the strongest association and equality had the weakest association with work engagement. Among the dimensions of work engagement, appreciative management had the strongest association with vigour and the weakest association with absorption. Appreciative management and work type predicted 18% of the variance in work engagement. Full‐time employees reported higher levels of work engagement and all its dimensions than did part‐time employees.

Conclusion

The results indicate that appreciative management and full‐time work predict work engagement among health‐ and social care professionals. Due to this positive association, it is important to promote managers' appreciative management skills by educating them to understand how appreciative management enables and supports professionals' vigour, dedication and absorption in health‐ and social care.
Dogmatism and perceptual justification: A reason‐theoretic foundation
Authors: Vahid Hamid
Published: August 2023

According to one prominent account of perceptual justification, “dogmatism,” whenever you have perceptual experience as if p, and lack defeaters, you thereby have immediate, prima facie justification for believing that p. The most important challenge is to show how experience can, on its own, provide justification for the belief in its content. Dogmatists often try to meet this challenge by highlighting the phenomenal character of perceptual experience and the mode of presentation of its content and defending their justifying roles by appealing to intuitively plausible examples. What is lacking here, however, is a theoretical framework to sanction and justify those roles going beyond the mere appeal to examples. Finding such a framework is the main goal of this article. I begin by criticizing a prominent response to this challenge, which suggests a composition view of perceptual experience consisting of sensory experiences and seemings. I then highlight the need for a theoretical framework to provide the rationale for the justifying roles that dogmatists allocate to perceptual experience. It is claimed that the framework in question involves the mechanism by which we possess reasons. Adapting the framework to cases where perception functions as a reason, a principled defense of dogmatism is provided.
Using electronic health record data to predict future self‐harm or suicidal ideation in young people treated by child and youth mental health services
Authors: Tennakoon Gayani , Byrne Enda M. , Vaithianathan Rhema , Middeldorp Christel M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Identifying young people who are at risk of self‐harm or suicidal ideation (SHoSI) is a priority for mental health clinicians. We explore the utility of routinely collected data in developing a tool to aid early identification of those at risk.

Method

We used electronic health records of 4610 young people aged 5–19 years who were treated by Child and Youth Mental Health Services (CYMHS) in greater Brisbane, Australia. Two Lasso models were trained to predict the risk of future SHoSI in young people currently rated SHoSI; and those who were not.

Results

For currently non‐SHoSI children, an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUC) of 0.78 was achieved. Those with the highest risk were 4.97 (CI 4.35–5.66) times more likely to be categorized as SHoSI in the future. For current SHoSI children, the AUC was 0.62.

Conclusion

A prediction model with fair overall predictive power for currently non‐SHoSI children was generated. Predicting persistence for SHoSI was more difficult. The electronic health records alone were not sufficient to discriminate at acceptable levels and may require adding unstructured data such as clinical notes. To optimally predict SHoSI models need to be tested and validated separately for those young people with varying degrees of risk.
Soil microorganisms increase Olsen phosphorus from poorly soluble organic phosphate: A soil incubation study
Authors: Velasco‐Sánchez Á. , Bennegadi‐Laurent N. , Trinsoutrot‐Gattin I. , van Groenigen J. W. , Moinet G. Y. K.
Published: August 2023

The potential shortage of mineral phosphorus (P) sources and the shift towards a circular economy motivates the introduction of new forms of P fertilizers in agriculture. However, the solubility of P in new fertilizers as well as their availability to plants may be low. In this experiment, we incubated an agricultural soil poor in P (28 mg P2O5 kg−1) for 63 days in the presence of a range of organic and inorganic poorly soluble P forms commonly found in new fertilizers: hydroxyapatite (P‐Ca), iron phosphate (P‐Fe), phytic acid (P‐Org) and a combination of P‐Ca and P‐Org (P‐Mix). Cellulose and potassium nitrate (KNO3) were added to stimulate microbial activity at the beginning of the incubation. We included a positive control with triple superphosphate (TSP) and negative controls with no P application (with and without cellulose and KNO3). We assessed the fate of the different poorly soluble P forms in NaHCO3 extracts (Olsen P) over time as a proxy for plant‐available P. Soil microbial biomass, fungal to bacterial ratio, soil respiration, enzymatic activities (β‐glucosidase, arylamidase and acid and alkaline phosphatase), N mineralization and soil pH were also monitored. At the beginning of the incubation, TSP showed the highest Olsen P across all treatments and P‐Fe showed higher levels of Olsen P than the other poorly soluble P forms (p < .05). During the incubation, the levels of Olsen P decreased over time for TSP (positive control). Contrastingly, Olsen P increased significantly over time for all the poorly soluble P forms and the negative controls, indicating an increase in plant‐available P. Particularly, levels of Olsen P for the P‐Org treatment roughly doubled (shifting from 16.5 mg kg−1 to 32.9 mg kg−1) over the whole incubation period. The rate of increase in Olsen P was positively correlated with microbial biomass C:P ratio (p < .01) for all poorly soluble treatments. The higher levels of Olsen P for the P‐Org treatment were also explained by a positive correlation with fungal biomass. Our results show that poorly soluble forms of P may be made available to plants under the influence of the microbial community, with a stronger effect on organic P forms.
Perceptions and attitudes of farmers and landowners on soil salinity management and use of elemental sulphur in Oman
Authors: Al‐Mayahi Ahmed , Al‐Shibli Noah , Gibreel Tarig , Blackburn Daniel , Al‐Ismaily Said , McHugh Caila
Published: August 2023

Soil salinity threatens agricultural sustainability globally and is a significant challenge in Oman. Previous studies in Oman focused on examining the causality and spatiotemporal variation of groundwater and soil salinity, neglecting farmers' perceptions and attitudes towards salinity management. Therefore, this study evaluates (i) perceptions and attitudes of landowners and farmers towards soil salinity and its management, and (ii) determinants of willingness to use elemental sulphur to alleviate soil salinity in Oman. A questionnaire survey (122 responses) assessed perceptions, attitudes and knowledge using Likert scales and qualitative questions. Binary Logistic Regression analysed determinants of willingness to use elemental sulphur. Results reveal variations in perceptions, attitudes, knowledge and management practices. Most of the respondents were aware of adequate nutrient and water requirements for crops (p < .05). Respondents rely on social media (38.5%), fellow farmers (32.1%) and personal experiences (11.5%) for knowledge acquisition about soil salinity management. Half of the respondents did not monitor soil salinity, while the other half relied primarily on visual observation. A substantial number (62.6%) of the respondents did not implement any techniques to alleviate soil salinity, while among those who acted, a majority preferred cultivating date palms (55%) or fodders (29.4%). Awareness of the national salinity management strategy and commercial products is lacking. However, when introduced to elemental sulphur as a soil amendment for salinity, 74.8% of the respondents demonstrated a willingness to utilize it. Most (82.4%) preferred elemental sulphur products within the lowest price range. Being a full‐time farmer, owning a farm, awareness of the national strategy and low‐price preferences were positive determinants, while <1 year of farming experience was a negative determinant of willingness to use elemental sulphur. These findings inform future research on socio‐economic perceptions of salinity in Oman, the Gulf region and similar arid areas facing food production limitations.
Combination of hydrophobicity and codon usage bias determines sorting of model K+ channel protein to either mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Engel Anja J. , Paech Steffen , Langhans Markus , van Etten James L. , Moroni Anna , Thiel Gerhard , Rauh Oliver
Published: August 2023

When the K+ channel‐like protein Kesv from Ectocarpus siliculosus virus 1 is heterologously expressed in mammalian cells, it is sorted to the mitochondria. This targeting can be redirected to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by altering the codon usage in distinct regions of the gene or by inserting a triplet of hydrophobic amino acids (AAs) into the protein's C‐terminal transmembrane domain (ct‐TMD). Systematic variations in the flavor of the inserted AAs and/or its codon usage show that a positive charge in the inserted AA triplet alone serves as strong signal for mitochondria sorting. In cases of neutral AA triplets, mitochondria sorting are favored by a combination of hydrophilic AAs and rarely used codons; sorting to the ER exhibits the inverse dependency. This propensity for ER sorting is particularly high when a common codon follows a rarer one in the AA triplet; mitochondria sorting in contrast is supported by codon uniformity. Since parameters like positive charge, hydrophobic AAs, and common codons are known to facilitate elongation of nascent proteins in the ribosome the data suggest a mechanism in which local changes in elongation velocity and co‐translational folding in the ct‐TMD influence intracellular protein sorting.
Black fly species and their association with Brazilian biomes
Authors: Da Silva Ferreira Roque Vitória , Lima-de-Sousa Ivyn Karla , Miranda Souza Tainá Maria , Brown Bezerra Nabuco Ana Júlia , Rodrigues da Costa Tayanna , Figueiró Ronaldo
Published: August 2023

The family Simuliidae occurs widely around the globe, except in the Antarctic region, deserts, and islands that lack water streams. Because fresh stream water environments are breeding grounds for their immature forms. This study sought to relate and compare Brazilian biomes based on their simuliid faunas. After gathering information on the distribution patterns of Simuliid species included in the most recent global taxonomic review, a table on their presence in the Brazilian territory was prepared, indicating the regions in which the different species were present in each biome. Subsequently, correspondence and cluster analyses were performed to determine the biomes with which the species were most associated and the similarities of the simuliid faunas among those biomes, respectively. The correspondence analysis showed that most species were predominantly associated with three biomes: The Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest, while the cluster analysis showed that the simuliid faunas of the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest are similar and that when taken together, these two biomes are similar to the Amazon biome.
Aproximaciones teóricas al fenómeno de la violencia obstétrica: una mirada al marco normativo y jurisprudencial internacional e interamericano
Authors: Maietti Flaminia , Villarreal García Julio Francisco
Published: August 2023

El presente artículo de investigación propone estudiar el fenómeno de la violencia obstétrica como una forma de violencia de género, al buscar identificar aquellos elementos que tipifican esta práctica en relación con sus causas sociales y estructurales. Para tal fin, se examinará el marco normativo y jurisprudencial internacional con el propósito de identificar estándares internacionales de referencia conducentes a evitar y, de manera eventual, sancionar tal proceder. En este sentido, el trabajo sugiere que la posible falta de aplicación de un enfoque de derechos humanos a la hora de intentar prevenir tal inconducta ha contribuido a invisibilizar y normalizar tal disvaliosa práctica. Como efectos del abordar la problemática de la violencia obstétrica a partir de una perspectiva teórica, este artículo revisa la literatura existente, apelando a un análisis sociojurídico de tipo cualitativo por medio de una revisión de la normativa y la jurisprudencia.
Sliding Pressure Inventory Control of a Supercritical CO2 Cycle for Concentrated Solar Power—Analysis and Implications
Authors: Seshadri Lakshminarayanan , Kumar Pramod
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the use of sliding pressure inventory control (SPIC) of a 10 MW supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle for concentrated solar power, incorporating printed circuit heat exchangers. Load regulation using SPIC for three representative ambient conditions 45 °C, 30 °C, and 15 °C are considered. While a wide operating range from 10 MW to less than 1 MW part load is obtained, a notable cycle efficiency decline at part load is also seen. Irreversibility analysis reveals that deterioration in recuperator and turbomachinery performance are primarily responsible for cycle performance degradation at part load. Nevertheless, useful inferences are obtained from the 10 MW SPIC irreversibility study. With a slightly increased value of heat exchanger length, a non-condensing 1 MW subcritical CO2 cycle operating between 35 bar/53 bar is found to be as efficient as a 1 MW supercritical CO2 cycle operating between 88 bar/210 bar. The major benefit of choosing the subcritical CO2 cycle for 1 MW scale applications is the significantly reduced turbomachinery speed (∼26,000 rpm) in comparison with supercritical CO2 turbomachinery (∼67,000 rpm) for the same power scale. These advantages are found to be true for air-based ideal gas cycles operating between 35 bar/53 bar too, with the latter requiring nominally smaller heat exchangers than the subcritical CO2 cycle. The final choice of working fluid, however, for these low-pressure cycles would depend on practical considerations, such as material compatibilities at high temperatures, corrosion considerations, and cost.
How to Use this Book
Authors: Muzychka Yuri S. , Yovanovich M. Michael
Published: August 2023

Thermal spreading (or constriction) resistance results when heat is conducted away from a finite region into a larger region (spreading resistance) or from a larger region through a smaller region (constriction resistance). Spreading or constriction resistance can be determined by solving transient or steady-state heat conduction in a solid region with appropriately applied boundary and initial conditions. When the contact areas result in imperfect contact at the microscopic level, we find an array of discrete points of contacts results. Heat transfer across the apparent contact region occurs through conduction at these discrete points of contact and across the gap if there is a gas or liquid present; otherwise, heat transfer through radiation may occur in a vacuum. In these instances, we have contact resistance. In this text, we strive to present the general theory and applications of thermal spreading and contact resistance.
Introduction to Thermal Contact Resistance
Authors: Muzychka Yuri S. , Yovanovich M. Michael
Published: August 2023

Contact resistance has been an area of interest in engineering applications dating as far back as 1930. Yovanovich (2005) provides a comprehensive historical overview of the field with emphasis on the research-intensive period spanning the early 1960s to early 2000s. Figure 10.1 presents the timeline of major activities which drove early and later research. Today, nearly all of the research in thermal contact resistance are driven bymicroelectronic,micro-device, and nanoscale technologies. The early era was dominated primarily by empirical studies, while from the 1960s onwards was led by aerospace and nuclear application that provided a balance of empirical and theoretical studies with much rigorous analysis.
Contact of Nonconforming Smooth Solids
Authors: Muzychka Yuri S. , Yovanovich M. Michael
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, we examine the contact of nonconforming smooth solids and present thermal resistance models for specific forms of mechanical contact, i.e. point contact and line contact. Classic elastic contact theory is used to predict the contact region size and then combined with thermal constriction models to predict the contact resistance. Models for gap resistance are also developed which allows the joint resistance to be calculated.
Circular Flux Tubes and Disks
Authors: Muzychka Yuri S. , Yovanovich M. Michael
Published: August 2023

The heat transfer literature contains many solutions for thermal spreading resistance in cylindrical co-ordinate systems for single isotropic materials, compound systems, orthotropic systems, and multilayered systems. This chapter focuses primarily on solutions for isotropic and multilayered systems with variable heat flux specified in the source region. Orthotropic systems will be dealt with in Chapter 5.
Rectangular Flux Channels
Authors: Muzychka Yuri S. , Yovanovich M. Michael
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, we focus on applications of the rectangular flux channel in two or three dimensions. Significant effort in this area has been achieved in the research literature due the far-reaching applications.