bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting anti‐aging protein sirtuin (Sirt) in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Shaikh Sadiya Bi , Prabhu Ashwini , Bhandary Yashodhar Prabhakar
Published: November 2018

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe, incurable, age‐associated respiratory disorder that has gained significance because of its unknown etiology and lack of therapeutic approaches. IPF causes maximum damage to the alveolar epithelial cells, thereby leading to lung remodeling and initiating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The actual molecular mechanisms underlying IPF still remain unclear, and knowledge about these mechanisms would be helpful in its diagnosis. Sirtuins (Sirt) are class of NAD+‐dependent proteins, widely known to exert positive and protective effects on age‐related diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and so on, and are also involved in regulating IPF. The sirtuin family comprises of seven members (Sirt1 to Sirt7), out of which Sirt1, Sirt3, Sirt6, and Sirt7 exert positive effects on IPF. Sirt1 is associated with aging and inhibits cellular senescence and fibrosis. Sirt1 is well recognized in controlling pulmonary fibrosis and is also considered as a prime positive mediator of EMT. The expressions of Sirt3 protein tend to decline in IPF patients; hence it is known as an anti‐fibrotic protein. Sirt6 indeed has been proven to reduce EMT during IPF. Decreased levels of Sirt7 during IPF regulate lung fibroblasts. Hence, active levels of Sirt1, Sirt3, Sirt6, and Sirt7 can be attractive target models to elucidate a novel potential therapeutic approach for IPF. In this prospect, we have discussed the role of Sirtuins in pulmonary fibrosis by exploring the recent research evidence that highlight the role of sirtuins and also describes their protective effects.
D224V and S128Y mutation in FSHRED influence thumb movement differentially: An intricate insight gained by short‐term molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Gharemirshamlu Fatemeh Rahimi , Afsar Maliha , Mokhdomi Taseem A. , Amin Asif , Bukhari Shoiab , Krishnan Anbarasu , Kumar Chundi Vinay , Bamdad Kourosh , Patel Trupti N. , Qadri Raies A. , Chikan Naveed Anjum , Shabir Nadeem
Published: November 2018

Follicle‐stimulating hormone‐follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSH‐FSHR) interaction is one of the most thoroughly studied signaling pathways primarily because of being implicated in sexual reproduction in mammals by way of maintaining gonadal function and sexual fertility. Despite material advances in understanding the role of point mutations, their mechanistic basis in FSH‐FSHR signaling is still confined to mystically altered behavior of sTYS335 (sulfated tyrosine) yet lacking a substantial theory. To understand the structural basis of receptor modulation, we choose two behaviorally contradicting mutations, namely S128Y (activating) and D224Y (inactivating), found in FSH receptor responsible for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and
ovarian dysgenesis, respectively. Using short‐term molecular dynamics simulations, the atomic scale investigations reveal that the binding pattern of sTYS with FSH and movement of the thumb region of FSHR show distinct contrasting patterns in the two mutants, which supposedly could be a critical factor for differential FSHR behavior in activating and inactivating mutations.
Comparison between DiaPlexQ™ STI6 and GeneFinder™ STD I/STD II multiplex Real‐time PCR Kits in the detection of six sexually transmitted disease pathogens
Authors: Huh Hee Jae , Ki Chang‐Seok , Yun Sun Ae , Lee Jungsoo , Oh Gwi Young , Lee Nam‐Sihk , Yoon Young Ho , Lee Nam Yong
Published: November 2018

Background

The DiaPlexQ™ STI6 Detection Kit (DiaPlexQ; Solgent Co., Ltd., Daejeon, South Korea) is a multiplex real‐time PCR assay for the detection of the following sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathogens: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium. We compared the performance of the DiaPlexQ assay with the GeneFinder™ STD I (CT/NG/UU) and STD II (MG/MH/TV) Multiplex Real‐time PCR Kits (GeneFinder; Infopia Co., Ltd., Anyang, South Korea).

Methods

We evaluated the performance of the DiaPlexQ assay in comparison to that of GeneFinder using 1106 clinical specimens (542 genital swabs and 564 urine samples). The analytical performance of the DiaPlexQ assay, including the limit of detection (LOD) and analytical specificity, was evaluated using reference strains.

Results

The positive percent agreement, negative percent agreement, and kappa value between the two assays were 96.6%‐99.4%, 98.2%‐99.8%, and 0.93%‐0.99%, respectively. No cross‐reactivity was observed in a collection of 41 different microorganisms and the LOD of the DiaPlexQ assay ranged from 1 to 10 copies/reaction for each microorganism.

Conclusion

The DiaPlexQ assay showed comparable performance to that of the GeneFinder assay so that it can be used for the screening and diagnosis of non‐viral curable STD pathogens.
Expression of novel proteins by polyomaviruses and recent advances in the structural and functional features of agnoprotein of JC virus, BK virus, and simian virus 40
Authors: Saribas A. Sami , Coric Pascale , Bouaziz Serge , Safak Mahmut
Published: November 2018

Polyomavirus family consists of a highly diverse group of small DNA viruses. The founding family member (MPyV) was first discovered in the newborn mouse in the late 1950s, which induces solid tumors in a wide variety of tissue types that are the epithelial and mesenchymal origin. Later, other family members were also isolated from a number of mammalian, avian and fish species. Some of these viruses significantly contributed to our current understanding of the fundamentals of modern biology such as transcription, replication, splicing, RNA editing, and cell transformation. After the discovery of first two human polyomaviruses (JC virus [JCV] and BK virus [BKV]) in the early 1970s, there has been a rapid expansion in the number of human polyomaviruses in recent years due to the availability of the new technologies and brought the present number to 14. Some of the human polyomaviruses cause considerably serious human diseases, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy, Merkel cell carcinoma, and trichodysplasia spinulosa. Emerging evidence suggests that the expression of the polyomavirus genome is more complex than previously thought. In addition to encoding universally expressed regulatory and structural proteins (LT‐Ag, Sm t‐Ag, VP1, VP2, and VP3), some polyomaviruses express additional virus‐specific regulatory proteins and microRNAs. This review summarizes the recent advances in polyomavirus genome expression with respect to the new viral proteins and microRNAs other than the universally expressed ones. In addition, a special emphasis is devoted to the recent structural and functional discoveries in the field of polyomavirus agnoprotein which is expressed only by JCV, BKV, and simian virus 40 genomes.
Function and regulation of apelin/APJ system in digestive physiology and pathology
Authors: Huang Zhen , Luo Xuling , Liu Meiqing , Chen Linxi
Published: November 2018

Apelin is an endogenous ligand of seven‐transmembrane G‐protein‐coupled receptor APJ. Apelin and APJ are distributed in various tissues, including the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract and even in tumor tissues. Studies show that apelin messenger RNA is widely expressed in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues, including stomach and small intestine, which is closely correlated with GI function. Thus, the apelin/APJ system may exert a broad range of activities in the digestive system. In this paper, we review the role of the apelin/APJ system in the digestive system in physiological conditions, such as gastric acid secretion, control of appetite and food intake, cell proliferation, cholecystokinin secretion and histamine release, gut–brain axis, GI motility, and others. In pathological conditions, the apelin/APJ system plays an important role in the healing process of stress gastric injury, the clinical features and prognosis of patients with gastric cancers, the reduction of inflammatory response to enteritis and pancreatitis, the mediation of liver fibrogenesis, the promotion of liver damage, the inhibition of liver regeneration, the contribution of splanchnic neovascularization in portal hypertension, the treatment of colon cancer, and GI oxidative damage. Overall, the apelin/APJ system plays diversified functions and regulatory roles in digestive physiology and pathology. Further exploration of the relationship between the apelin/APJ system and the digestive system will help to find new and effective drugs for treating and alleviating the pain of digestive diseases.
Assessment of uterine artery geometry and hemodynamics in human pregnancy with 4d flow mri and its correlation with doppler ultrasound
Authors: Hwuang Eileen , Vidorreta Marta , Schwartz Nadav , Moon Brianna F. , Kochar Kirpal , Tisdall Matthew Dylan , Detre John A. , Witschey Walter R.T.
Published: November 2018

Background

Uterine artery (UtA) hemodynamics might be used to predict risk of hypertensive pregnancy disorders, including preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.

Purpose or Hypothesis

To determine the feasibility of 4D flow MRI in pregnant subjects by characterizing UtA anatomy, computing UtA flow, and comparing UtA velocity, and pulsatility and resistivity indices (PI, RI) with transabdominal Doppler ultrasound (US).

Study Type

Prospective cross‐sectional study from June 6, 2016, to May 2, 2018.

Population or Subjects or Phantom or Specimen or Animal Model

Forty‐one singleton pregnant subjects (age [range] = 27.0 ± 5.9 [18–41] years) in their second or third trimester. We additionally scanned three subjects who had prepregnancy diabetes or chronic hypertension.

Field Strength/Sequence

The subjects underwent UtA and placenta MRI using noncontrast angiography and 4D flow at 1.5T.

Assessment

UtA anatomy was described based on 4D flow‐derived noncontrast angiography, while UtA flow properties were characterized by net flow, systolic/mean/diastolic velocity, PI and RI through examination of 4D flow data. PI and RI are standard hemodynamic parameters routinely reported on Doppler US.

Statistical Tests

Spearman's rank correlation, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and Bland‐Altman plots were used to preliminarily investigate the relationships between flow parameters, gestational age, and Doppler US. or

Results

4D flow MRI and UtA flow quantification was feasible in all subjects. There was considerable heterogeneity in UtA geometry in each subject between left and right UtAs and between subjects. Mean 4D flow‐based parameters were: mean bilateral flow rate = 605.6 ± 220.5 mL/min, PI = 0.72 ± 0.2, and RI = 0.47 ± 0.1. Bilateral flow did not change with gestational age. We found that MRI differed from US in terms of lower PI (mean difference ‐0.1) and RI (mean difference < ‐0.1) with Wilcoxon signed rank test P = 0.05 and P = 0.13, respectively.

Data Conclusion

4D flow MRI is a feasible approach for describing UtA anatomy and flow in pregnant subjects.

Level of Evidence:

Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:59–68.
Patient‐specific requirements and clinical validation of MRI‐based pressure mapping: A two‐center study in patients with aortic coarctation
Authors: Goubergrits Leonid , Hellmeier Florian , Neumann Dominik , Mihalef Viorel , Gulsun Mehmet A. , Chinali Marcello , Secinaro Aurelio , Runte Kilian , Schubert Stephan , Berger Felix , Kuehne Titus , Hennemuth Anja , Kelm Marcus
Published: November 2018

Background

Invasive peak‐to‐peak pressure gradients are the current clinical reference standard for assessing aortic coarctation. To obtain them, patients need to undergo arterial heart catheterization. Unless an intervention is performed, the procedure remains purely diagnostic, while the concomitant risks remain.

Purpose

To validate MRI‐based pressure mapping against pressure drop derived from heart catheterization and to define minimal clinical requirements.

Study Type

Prospective clinical validation study.

Population

Twenty‐seven coarctation patients with an indicated heart catheterization were enrolled at two clinical centers.

MRI Sequences

1.5T including 4D velocity‐encoded MRI and 3D anatomical imaging of the aorta.

Assessment

Pressure drop across the stenosis was calculated by pressure mapping based on the pressure Poisson equation. Calculated pressure drops were compared with catheter measured data. Spatial and temporal resolution were analyzed using in silico phantom‐based data as well as in vivo measurements.

Statistics

Pressure drop was compared to peak‐to‐peak measurements. A two‐sample paired mean equivalence test was used.

Results

In patients without imaging artifacts and a required spatial resolution ≥5 voxel/diameter, significant equivalence of pressure mapping compared to heart catheterization was found (17.5 ± 6.49 vs. 16.6 ± 6.53 mmHg, P < 0.001).

Data Conclusion

Pressure mapping provides equivalent accuracy to pressure drop obtained from heart catheterization in patients 1) without previous stenting and 2) with sufficient spatial image resolution (at least 5 voxels/diameter). In these patients the method can reliably be performed prior to the actual procedure, and thus allows safe noninvasive treatment planning based on MRI.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:81–89.
In vitro distinction between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory macrophages with gadolinium‐liposomes and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles at 3.0T
Authors: Khaled Wassef , Piraquive Joao , Leporq Benjamin , Wan Jing Hong , Lambert Simon A. , Mignet Nathalie , Doan Bich‐Thuy , Lotersztajn Sophie , Garteiser Philippe , Van Beers Bernard E.
Published: November 2018

Background

Inflammation involves a heterogeneous macrophage population, for which there is no readily available MR assessment method.

Purpose

To assess the feasibility of distinguishing proinflammatory M1 and antiinflammatory M2 macrophages at MRI enhanced with gadolinium liposomes or ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles.

Study Type

In vitro.

Specimen

We employed cultured RAW macrophages. M0 macrophages were polarized with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), resulting in M1 or M2 macrophages. The macrophages were incubated with gadolinium (±rhodamine) liposomes or iron oxide particles and cell pellets were prepared for MRI.

Field Strength/Sequence

Transverse relaxation rates and quantitative susceptibility were obtained at 3.0T with multiecho turbo spin echo and spoiled gradient echo sequences.

Assessment

MRI results were compared with confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and expression of endocytosis, M1 and M2 genes.

Statistical Tests

Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed.

Results

Higher transverse relaxation rates and susceptibility were observed in M1 than in M2 and M0 macrophages (P < 0.01 both with liposomes and USPIO) and significantly different susceptibility in M2 and M0 macrophages (P < 0.01 both with liposomes and USPIO). These MRI results were confirmed at confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. LPS macrophages displayed M1 gene expression, whereas IL‐4 macrophages showed M2 polarization and lower endocytosis gene expression rates.

Data Conclusion

These in vitro results show that it is feasible to distinguish between proinflammatory M1 and antiinflammatory M2 macrophages according to their level of contrast agent uptake at MRI.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1166–1173.
A Study of the Correlation of Perfusion Parameters in High‐Resolution GRASP MRI With Microvascular Density in Lung Cancer
Authors: Chen Lihua , Zeng Xianchun , Wu Youli , Yan Xiaochu , Huang Xuequan , Chen Hui , Zhang Jiuquan , Wang Jian , Feng Li
Published: November 2018

Background

The histological count of microvascular density (MVD) is the current clinical standard for assessing tumor angiogenesis. Although it is hypothesized that perfusion MRI can be a noninvasive alternative to MVD, there have been few studies to validate their correlations, particularly in lung cancer.

Purpose

To investigate the correlation between MVD and perfusion parameters obtained from high‐resolution GRASP (Golden‐angle RAdial Sparse Parallel) dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI in a cohort of lung cancer patients, and to validate that GRASP MRI can serve as a free‐breathing, noninvasive imaging approach for studying tumor angiogenesis.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Twenty‐five lung cancer patients (16 male, 9 female, mean age = 57.3 ± 11.7 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

3T MRI; a prototype golden‐angle stack‐of‐stars sequence.

Assessment

Contrast‐enhanced MR data were acquired during free breathing and were reconstructed using GRASP with a temporal resolution of ∼3 sec/phase. For all data, perfusion analysis was performed using a standard Tofts model to generate the volume transfer coefficient (Ktrans) and the interstitial volume (Ve). The MVD of corresponding tumor specimens, obtained from Computed Tomography‐guided biopsies, were counted with CD34 staining.

Statistical Tests

Pearson correlation analysis; one‐way analysis of variance analysis; least significant difference‐t method of multiple comparisons.

Results

The correlation coefficient was 0.983 and 0.972 for the measurement and remeasurement of Ktransand Ve. The mean values of Ktrans, Ve, and MVD were 0.33 ± 0.22 min‐1, 0.25 ± 0.12, and 49.68 ± 27.08 vessels/0.723 mm2, respectively, in all patients (n = 25); 0.36 ± 0.26 min‐1, 0.27 ± 0.13, and 49.09 ± 29.84 vessels/0.723 mm2, respectively, in adenocarcinoma (n = 15); 0.34 ± 0.17 min‐1, 0.26 ± 0.12, and 53.85 ± 23.53 vessels/0.723 mm2, respectively, in squamous cell carcinoma (n = 8); and 0.13 ± 0.15 min‐1, 0.14 ± 0.06, and 37.20 ± 28.28 vessels/0.723 mm2, respectively, in small‐cell carcinoma (n = 2). There was a positive relationship between the Ktransand MVD in all patients (r = 0.738,P< 0.001).

Data Conclusion

High spatiotemporal resolution DCE‐MRI using GRASP is a promising noninvasive alternative to the histological count of MVD for assessing tumor angiogenesis in lung cancer.

Level of Evidence:1

Technical Efficacy:Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1186–1194.
Cerebral MR oximetry during acetazolamide augmentation: Beyond cerebrovascular reactivity in hemodynamic failure
Authors: Leatherday Christopher , Dehkharghani Seena , Nahab Fadi , Allen Jason W. , Wu Junjie , Hu Ranliang , Qiu Deqiang
Published: November 2018

Background

Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) elevation predicts increased ischemic stroke incidence among patients with carotid steno‐occlusive disease, and can be estimated from quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI.

Purpose

To explore QSM oximetry during acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge, hypothesizing that detectable OEF alterations will reflect hemodynamic compromise in unilateral cerebrovascular disease (CVD) patients.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

Fourteen unilateral CVD patients, and 24 healthy controls (HC).

Field Strength/Sequence

Multiecho gradient echo (GRE) and T1‐weighted images at 3T.

Assessment

We constructed QSM images and R2* maps from multiecho GRE images. QSM‐OEF maps were generated from the susceptibility difference between venous blood and background brain tissue. Intrasubject diseased/contralateral hemisphere OEF ratios in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territories were calculated. Intravascular susceptibility in the straight sinus (SS) and MCA was also measured.

Statistical Tests

The result significance was determined using t‐tests and Pearson's correlation.

Results

Mean and standard deviation for the patient diseased/contralateral OEF ratios were 1.15 ± 0.14 at baseline and 1.23 ± 0.17 post‐ACZ. Disease group R2* ratios were 0.95 ± 0.05 at baseline and 1.03 ± 0.08 post‐ACZ. Left/right OEF and R2* ratios for the HC group were 0.98 ± 0.06 and 0.99 ± 0.038, respectively. Susceptibility (ppb) in the SS and MCA in patients was 162.63 ± 35.4 and –22.33 ± 13.70, respectively, at baseline, 124.56 ± 37.43 and –19.27 ± 23.14 post‐ACZ. The HC group SS and MCA susceptibility was 146.10 ± 24.79 and –19.59 ± 12.37, respectively. Patient group OEF ratios were greater than 1.0 before and after ACZ challenge (P < 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively, one‐sample t‐test), and were greater than HC ratios (P < 0.001 unpaired t‐test). OEF and R2* ratios increased from baseline to post‐ACZ (P = 0.024, 0.004, respectively, paired t‐test). Detectable blood oxygenation change was confirmed by finding SS susceptibility decreased from baseline to post‐ACZ (P < 0.001, paired t‐test), while MCA susceptibility did not change significantly (P = 0.67, paired t‐test).

Data Conclusion

These results suggest QSM is sensitive to dynamic OEF modulation during hemodynamic augmentation.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:175–182.
Visualizing wall enhancement over time in unruptured intracranial aneurysms using 3D vessel wall imaging
Authors: Tian Bing , Toossi Shahed , Eisenmenger Laura , Faraji Farshid , Ballweber Megan K. , Josephson S. Andrew , Haraldsson Henrik , Zhu Chengcheng , Ahn Sinyeob , Laub Gerhard , Hess Christopher , Saloner David
Published: November 2018

Background

Few studies directed at assessing the visualization of the walls of unruptured aneurysms have used higher‐resolution 3D MRI vessel wall imaging. Prospective longitudinal studies are also needed to screen vessel wall changes in unruptured aneurysms.

Purpose

To compare the aneurysm wall visualization on pre‐ and post‐3D isotropic T1‐weighted Sampling Perfection with Application‐optimized Contrasts by using different flip angle Evolutions (SPACE) images and to explore whether there is a change in wall enhancement at follow up.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Twenty‐nine patients with a total of 35 unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Sequence

3D T1‐weighted pre‐ and postcontrast SPACE (0.5 mm isotropic) at 3.0T.

Assessment

The aneurysm wall visibility (0–5 scale) between pre‐ and postcontrast images as well as the wall enhancement (0–5 scale) between follow‐up and baseline studies (6–30 months, average 12.7 months) were compared. Differences in wall visibility and enhancement were also investigated as a function of aneurysm diameter and location.

Statistical Test

The Wilcoxon signed rank paired test was used to compare the wall visibility score between pre‐ and postcontrast SPACE images, as well as wall enhancement between follow‐up and baseline. The Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to investigate the enhancement difference between different diameters and locations.

Results

Postcontrast images had significantly higher wall visibility (P = 0.01). A wall enhancement score ≥2 was found in 71% of the aneurysms. Changes in levels of wall enhancement were found in 17% of the aneurysms at follow‐up studies, but those changes were small. Wall visibility and enhancement scores of large aneurysms were significantly higher than small ones (P < 0.001).

Data Conclusion

3D T1‐weighted higher resolution SPACE can be used to assess changes in enhancement at follow‐up studies. Contrast SPACE image provides better aneurysm wall visibility and improves visualization of the aneurysm wall.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:193–200.
Role of texture analysis in breast MRI as a cancer biomarker: A review
Authors: Chitalia Rhea D. , Kontos Despina
Published: November 2018

Breast cancer is a known heterogeneous disease. Current clinically utilized histopathologic biomarkers may undersample tumor heterogeneity, resulting in higher rates of misdiagnosis for breast cancer. MRI can provide a whole‐tumor sampling of disease burden and is widely utilized in clinical care. Texture analysis can provide a localized description of breast cancer, with particular emphasis on quantifying breast lesion heterogeneity. The object of this review is to provide an overview of texture analysis applications towards breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response evaluation and review the role of image‐based texture features as noninvasive prognostic and predictive biomarkers.

Level of Evidence:5

Technical Efficacy:Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:927–938.
Transient complete heart block following catheter ablation of a left lateral accessory pathway
Authors: Schweis Franz , Ho Gordon , Krummen David E. , Hoffmayer Kurt , Birgersdotter‐Green Ulrika , Feld Gregory
Published: November 2018

A 16‐year‐old female with symptomatic Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome underwent catheter ablation of a left‐sided lateral accessory pathway. The accessory pathway was eliminated with the first ablation lesion; however, the patient immediately developed complete heart block (CHB). At first, complete heart block was thought to be due to ablation of left atrial extension of the AV node, and pacemaker therapy was considered. However, careful ECG analysis revealed that the development of CHB was in fact due to bump injury to the AV node during transseptal catheterization. Conservative management allowed resolution of AV nodal conduction without need for a permanent pacemaker.
Intubation, tracheostomy, and decannulation in patients with Guillain–Barré–syndrome—does dysphagia matter?
Authors: Schröder Jens Burchard , Marian Thomas , Muhle Paul , Claus Inga , Thomas Christian , Ruck Tobias , Wiendl Heinz , Warnecke Tobias , Suntrup‐Krueger Sonja , Meuth Sven , Dziewas Rainer
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Although patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome frequently require orotracheal intubation and tracheostomy, the incidence and relevance of neurogenic dysphagia prior to intubation and risk factors for prolonged requirement for a tracheal cannula have not yet been identified. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of 88 patients was performed. Clinical characteristics were compared between intubated and nonintubated patients and between immediately decannulated and not immediately decannulated patients. Results: Thirty‐five (39.7%) patients required tracheostomy. Neuromuscular weakness and related respiratory insufficiency were the main reasons for intubation. In the subgroup of tracheotomized patients, immediate decannulation after completed respiratory weaning was possible in 14 (40%) patients. The severity of dysphagia, in particular pharyngolaryngeal hypesthesia, was related to the length of cannulation. Discussion: Respiratory muscle weakness is the main reason for intubation, whereas neurogenic dysphagia is the main risk factor for persisting cannulation. Dysphagia after weaning is most frequently characterized by severe laryngeal sensory deficit. Muscle Nerve 59:194–200, 2019
On the anisotropic behavior of electrodes for electrical‐based monitoring of CFRP laminated composites
Authors: Almuhammadi Khaled , Yudhanto Arief , Lubineau Gilles
Published: November 2018

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a promising structural health monitoring technique for carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. EIT technique has been specifically adopted as a non‐destructive testing method along with the electrical characterization methods. Electrodes are the primary component in any EIT system because they act as an interface connecting the instrument/hardware to the structure under inspection. Simulation of electrical inspection of CFRP usually assumes the electrodes to be electrically isotropic interfaces. We show here that such isotropic assumption is a very poor approximation. We experimentally investigated the electrodes contact impedance behavior on CFRP‐laminated composite specimens for different surface processing (sanding, CO2 laser, and Yb‐fiber laser). The effective electrical responses of electrodes are characterized in‐depth, so an accurate description can be proposed. Our findings emphasize that the electrodes contact impedance is strongly anisotropic, and varies largely between the on‐axis (along surface fibers) and the off‐axis (bias and perpendicular to the surface fibers) for all tested surface processing. POLYM. COMPOS., 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
In vitro cytotoxic effect of spikenard herbal immobilized polymer nano‐biocomposites: Toward bioinspired antimicrobial agent
Authors: Priya Sahariya , Jeyajothi Gabriel
Published: November 2018

We report the intrinsic biological properties of nickel oxide nanoparticle (NiO NPs) encapsulated Nardostachys jatamansi DC‐based polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) via free radical polymerization technique. A simple and cost effective NiO NPs was adapted to synthesize via sol–gel/co‐precipitation method to afford crystalline structures of NPs and it was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns (2θ at 38.78 [111] and 62.66 [220]). The results demonstrated that the sparingly loaded NiO NPs onto composites exhibited the lowest crystallinity, which led to better dispersion into the polymer matrix and also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). ATR‐IR enunciate the functional groups of polymer nano‐biocomposites attributed at 1730 cm−1 (C=O), 1446 cm−1 (CH3‐asymmetric deformation), 1162 cm−1 (C‐N), and 822 cm−1 (C‐H), which were found to be good agreement for the formation of polymer composites and further confirmed their structural identification by NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy and UV–vis spectroscopy. This hybrid nano‐biocomposite has been utilized for antimicrobial studies using a gram positive and gram‐negative bacteria and showed better results on minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In addition, cell morphology and proliferation were monitored by fluorescence microscopy. The MTT assay results showed that the nano‐biocomposites possessed significantly low cytotoxicity against human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT). POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2301–2310, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Newly recognized Famennian lungfishes from East Greenland reveal tooth plate diversity and blur the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary
Authors: Clack Jennifer Alice , Challands Thomas James , Smithson Timothy Richard , Smithson Keturah Zoe
Published: November 2018

Three lungfish specimens from the late Famennian of East Greenland are described. One forms the holotype of a new genus and species, Celsiodon ahlbergi gen. et sp. nov., which, in cladistic analyses, is placed close to the Carboniferous genus Ctenodus. The analyses reveal some Late Devonian lungfishes clustering with Early Carboniferous taxa, suggesting that Late Devonian lungfishes included more crownward taxa than previously appreciated, and that the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary was more fluid for lungfish taxa than supposed. Further study of other specimens shows a range of tooth plate morphologies and tooth crown morphologies, suggesting that the Late Devonian lungfishes were even more diverse and occupied a wider range of feeding strategies than previously suspected.
Targeting Prompts When Scaffolding Word Solving During Guided Reading
Authors: Mikita Clara , Rodgers Emily , Berenbon Rebecca , Winkler Christa
Published: November 2018

Recent research on scaffolding has examined both the sources of information used and neglected during students' word‐solving attempts and the amount of information provided in teachers' word‐solving prompts. In this teaching tip, the authors expand the application of such research from one‐to‐one student–teacher interactions to a guided reading setting. The authors provide examples to illustrate how teachers can critically evaluate students' word‐solving attempts and consequently respond to the readers' needs within the guided reading context. The dual focus that the authors suggest, making decisions about both the type and amount of information, provides a framework through which teachers can implement scaffolding during their guided reading lessons.
Optimal cutoffs for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment vary by race and ethnicity
Authors: Milani Sadaf Arefi , Marsiske Michael , Cottler Linda B. , Chen Xinguang , Striley Catherine W.
Published: November 2018

Introduction

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), scored from 0 to 30, is used as a screening tool for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current cutoff (26) may not be optimal among minorities.

Methods

Data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set March 2018 data freeze was used to calculate optimal cutoffs for detection of MCI and dementia by race/ethnic group and education.

Results

Of the 3895 individuals included, 80.7% were non‐Hispanic White, 15.0% were non‐Hispanic Black, and 4.2% were Hispanic. Optimal cutoffs for detection of MCI were 25 among non‐Hispanic Whites, 24 among Hispanics, and 23 among non‐Hispanic Blacks. Optimal cutoffs for detection of dementia were 19 among non‐Hispanic Whites and 16 for both non‐Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics. Lower educational attainment produced lower optimal cutoffs.

Discussion

Our findings suggest cutoffs may need to be stratified by race/ethnicity and education to ensure detecting MCI from normal and MCI from dementia.
A very light lunch: Interoceptive deficits and food aversion at onset in a case of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Salvato Gerardo , Mercurio Matteo , Sberna Maurizio , Paulesu Eraldo , Bottini Gabriella
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Patients affected by the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) frequently experience, at a delayed onset, abnormal eating behavior involving increased food intake. Although delusional food‐related symptoms have attracted much attention, the behavioral and neural features of food aversion manifestations in bvFTD remain poorly documented.

Methods

We describe the rare case of a patient with bvFTD presenting with lack of interoception for swallowing and digestion, coupled with a dramatic food aversion at onset. We also compared his MRI scan to 84 healthy individuals using a voxel‐based morphometry approach.

Results

We found gray matter density reductions involving the postcentral gyrus bilaterally, insulae, and right medial orbitofrontal cortex.

Discussion

Our results shed new light on the behavioral and neuroanatomical features of food aversion and interoception deficits in bvFTD, suggesting that besides orbitofrontal cortex, also a distributed system associated with interoception might play a role in such behavioral manifestation.
Investigating alexithymia in autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kinnaird Emma , Stewart Catherine , Tchanturia Kate
Published: November 2018

Background:

New research suggests that, rather than representing a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), emotional processing difficulties reflect co-occurring alexithymia. Autistic individuals with alexithymia could therefore represent a specific subgroup of autism who may benefit from tailored interventions. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the nature and prevalence of alexithymia in autism using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS).

Methods:

Online scientific databases were searched systematically for studies on ASD popu lations using the TAS. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate differences in scores between the ASD and neurotypical groups, and to determine the prevalence of alexithymia in these populations.

Results:

15 articles comparing autistic and neurotypical (NT) groups were identified. Autistic people scored significantly higher on all scores compared to the NT group. There was also a higher prevalence of alexithymia in the ASD group (49.93% compared to 4.89%), with a significantly increased risk of alexithymia in autistic participants.

Conclusions:

This review highlights that alexithymia is common, rather than universal, in ASD, supporting a growing body of evidence that co-occurring autism and alexithymia represents a specific subgroup in the ASD population that may have specific clinical needs. More research is needed to understand the nature and implications of co-occurring ASD and alexithymia.
Experiences of patients with haemorrhoidal disease – a qualitative study
Authors: Tol Robin R. Van , Kimman Merel L. , Breukink Stephanie O. , Kuiper Sara Z. , Melenhorst Jarno , Stassen Laurents P.S. , Dirksen Carmen D.
Published: November 2018

Purpose To obtain a better understanding of the patients’ experiences with haemorrhoidal disease’ impact on their daily life and results of treatment by performing a qualitative study.

Method Individually interviews were conducted among patients with haemorrhoidal disease between 2016 and 2017. Each interview was recorded using an audio recorder and transcribed verbatim. A semi-structured interview guide was used with pre-specified topics, based on a previous conducted literature review. Transcripts were coded and the analysis consisted highlighting passages in the text and assigning each passage a code representing the predefined themes from the interview guide. This resulted in a three-level theme hierarchy: overarching theme, mid-level sub-theme and issues.

Results Fifteen participants underwent individual interviews of whom thirteen were conducted by telephone. The mean age was 60.7 years (35–78); five of them were female (33.3%). Pain and blood loss were the most frequently reported symptoms. Participants indicated that these symptoms were directly associated with emotional burden, daily adjustments and social impact. Before diagnosis with haemorrhoidal disease blood loss resulted in feelings of fear and next in embarrassment during social activities. In daily life participants needed to get up early, used sanitary pads for blood loss and anal ice sticks to reduce pain. Participants were often not completely satisfied with the process and outcome of treatment.

Conclusion This first qualitative study provides detailed insight into the patients’ experiences with haemorrhoidal disease, impact on daily life and results of treatment. This information may be used in daily practice to create awareness among clinicians.
A new defecographic parameter for assessing rectal emptying
Authors: Soares Fábio Alves , Fontana Juliana Portella , Lira Erivaldo Fernandes de , Silva Silvana Marques e , Gheller Alexandre , Nascimento Maurício Cotrim do
Published: November 2018

Purpose To validate a new defecographic parameter to assess rectal empyting correlating the percentage of weight reduction of barium paste and the variation in the percentage of area reduction of rectum compared before and after defecation during cinedefecography.

Method Thirty-two consecutive female patients with dyschezia who had clinical indication for cinedefecography were selected. Their median age was 58 years old (18–78 years, mean = 55 years). During cinedefecography, we calculated the cross-sectional sagittal area of the rectum before and after defecation and, thus, the percentage of area reduction of the rectum. The percentage of weight reduction of barium paste was calculated after weighing the contrast injected into the rectum and the amount of contrast evacuated, in grams, using a scale. Finally, both percentages were compared and checked for a correlation between them. Pearson's correlation (r) and Student's t test were used for statistical analysis.

Results A correlation between evacuated barium paste and cross-sectional sagittal area of the rectum at the end of defecation was demonstrated (r = 0.668 and p < 0.0001).

Conclusion It is possible to estimate how much barium paste is evacuated based on the variations in cross-sectional sagittal area of the rectum before and after defecation, in cinedefecography.
A youngest reported case of type II Monteggia lesion associated with a posterior ulnohumeral dislocation
Authors: Kantak Avadhoot
Published: November 2018

Monteggia fractures are uncommon injuries, despite a high incidence of upper limb fractures in teenage children. We describe a case of a type 2 Monteggia variant in an adolescent. This injury pattern consisted of ulnohumeral dislocation in combination with type 2 Monteggia lesion. We discuss the possible injury mechanisms of this rare injury and review available literature.
How Nitrogen Contributes to Permafrost Carbon Dynamics
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: November 2018

Nitrogen released into the soil from thawing permafrost in the Arctic could accelerate soil carbon decomposition and alter carbon dynamics, with global implications.
Adames-Corraliza Receives 2018 James R. Holton Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

�ngel F. Adames-Corraliza will receive the 2018 James R. Holton Award at AGU's Fall Meeting 2018, to be held 10–14 December in Washington, D. C. The award recognizes “outstanding scientific research and accomplishments of early-career scientists” who are no more than 3 years past receiving the Ph.D. degree.
Rosenfeld Receives 2018 Yoram J. Kaufman Outstanding Research and Unselfish Cooperation Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

Daniel Rosenfeld will receive the 2018 Yoram J. Kaufman Outstanding Research and Unselfish Cooperation Award at AGU's Fall Meeting 2018, to be held 10–14 December in Washington, D. C. The award recognizes “broad influence in atmospheric science through exceptional creativity, inspiration of younger scientists, mentoring, international collaborations, and unselfish cooperation in research.”
The controllable growth of superhydrophobic SiC nanowires by tailoring the cooling rate
Authors: Yu Hailing , Ren Xiaoshuai , Huang Yongquan , Luo Hui , Yang Lei , Dai Bing , Zhu Jiaqi , Han Jiecai
Published: November 2018

In the present work, we report the controlled growth of SiC nanowires on a silicon substrate by tailoring the cooling rate of a catalyst-assisted method. The SiC nanowire film obtained at the fast cooling rate exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle up to 150° without any surface functionalization.
One-step synthesis of non-symmetric CuI nanoplates for a highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose biosensor
Authors: Khan Misbah Ullah , You Hongjun , Zhang Dongjie , Zhang Lingling , Fang Jixiang
Published: November 2018

A novel non-symmetric CuI nanoplate with only one side covered with teeth-like tips shows highly enhanced biosensor sensitivity.
Entropy in multiple equilibria, compounds with different sites
Authors: Calzaferri Gion
Published: November 2018

Entropy controls the course of multiple equilibria systems.
Recent progress in theoretical and computational studies on the utilization of lignocellulosic materials
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , He Hongyan , Liu Yanrong , Wang Yanlei , Huo Feng , Fan Maohong , Adidharma Hertanto , Li Xuehui , Zhang Suojiang
Published: November 2018

The simulation studies provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of lignocellulose utilizationviadissolution, catalytic conversion and pyrolysis.
Hydrophobic mediated growth of galvanic-nanobuds from germanium nanowires for a highly tunable SERS substrate
Authors: Nayak Deepak Ranjan , Bhat Navakanta , Umapathy Siva
Published: November 2018

A SERS substrate is fabricated through a scalable process exhibiting suitable hotspot distribution, shelf life, tunability, and biological applications.
Preparation of metal oxide/polyaniline/N-MWCNT hybrid composite electrodes for electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Jung Chan Hee , Yoo Chung-Yul , Kim Jong-Nam , Jeong Eun-Young , Park Jong Hyun , Choi Hyung Chan , Han Moon-Hee , Yoon Hyung Chul
Published: November 2018

Metal oxide/polyaniline/N-MWCNT hybrid composite materials were tested for electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia from water and nitrogen at low temperatures (≤60 °C) and atmospheric pressure.
High-performance lead-free two-dimensional perovskite photo transistors assisted by ferroelectric dielectrics
Authors: Wang Haoliang , Chen Yan , Lim Engliang , Wang Xudong , Yuan Sijian , Zhang Xin , Lu Haizhou , Wang Jiao , Wu Guangjian , Lin Tie , Sun Shuo , Wang Jianlu , Zhan Yiqiang , Shen Hong , Meng Xiangjian , Chu Junhao
Published: November 2018

With the assistance of a ferroelectric field created by a ferroelectric polymer, the performance of perovskite photo transistors is significantly improved.
MVDR code receiver for code multiplexing MIMO radar
Authors: Kim E.‐H. , Baik K.
Published: November 2018

Multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar recently has attracted the attention of engineers and researchers. MIMO radar performance is based on the orthogonality of the transmitted waveforms. A receiver optimisation method is proposed to suppress cross‐correlation rather than finding orthogonal waveforms. The method considers two transmitters and is based on the minimum variance distorsionless response (MVDR) algorithm to minimise cross‐correlation while maintaining the level of auto‐correlation. Performance is evaluated by simulation using random phase code sequences. The proposed method is well suited for single target tracking, or slow moving target detection.
Recursive performance ranking of Kalman filter with mismatched noise covariances
Authors: Shao Teng , Duan Zhansheng , Ge Quanbo , Liu Huaping
Published: November 2018

The Kalman filter is a powerful recursive state estimator and has been widely used in many applications. To guarantee its optimality, the noise covariances should to be exactly known. In reality, however, for most practical applications, it is difficult or unrealistic to obtain the noise covariances. A typical practice is to use some pre‐determined alternatives for unknown noise covariances. The main issue concerning this is how the pre‐determined alternatives will affect the performance of the Kalman filter. In this study, the authors study recursive performance ranking of Kalman filter with mismatched noise covariances. For this purpose, three types of mean squared errors (MSEs) have been used, i.e., the ideal MSE (IMSE), the filter calculated MSE (FMSE), and the true MSE (TMSE). This study considers the recursive ranking of these three types of MSEs at each time step. It is found that for the case with positive semi‐definite deviation from the truth, they have FMSE TMSE IMSE at each time step recursively. On the contrary, for the case with negative semi‐definite deviation, they have TMSE IMSE FMSE at each time step recursively. Target tracking examples further verify these results.
Almost surely attractive sets of discrete‐time Markov jump systems with stochastic disturbances via impulsive control
Authors: Xu Liguang , Dai Zhenlei , Ge Shuzhi Sam
Published: November 2018

In this study, the problem on the globally almost surely attractive sets is addressed for a class of discrete‐time Markov jump systems with stochastic disturbances via impulsive control. Based on the Lyapunov function methods and the Markov's inequality, the authors derive some sufficient conditions guaranteeing the existence of the global almost surely attractive sets of the considered systems. Meanwhile, the estimation of the attractive sets is also given out. It is shown that the unbounded discrete‐time Markov jump stochastic system without attractive sets can turn into the bounded one with attractive sets via proper impulsive control strategies. An example is also presented to illustrate the main results.