bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La figura del restablemiento del derecho en el sistema penal acusatorio.
Authors: Salcedo Alarcón Meliza
Published: July 2020

El Restablecimiento del derecho es una figura jurídica contemplada en la ley procesal penal, consistente en proteger, en cualquier momento, los derechos de las víctimas en el proceso criminal. Esta institución viene a tomar importancia, específicamente, cuando se tiene certeza de la existencia de un hecho antijurídico que dio como resultado un daño antijurídico, con independencia de la búsqueda del sujeto activo de la conducta generadora del daño. Como consecuencia de esa relevancia procesal, se ofrece, en este artículo de reflexión, la oportunidad, no solo, de entender la naturaleza y los fines de esta institución jurídica, sino de aclarar aspectos tales como, la procedencia, competencia y el tipo de decisión que debe producirse en relación con el momento procesal en que se encuentren los actores y algunos detalles que todo litigante, fiscal e incluso juez, debe tener en cuenta a la hora de enfrentarse a un restablecimiento del derecho.
Contextos y transiciones : la justicia transicional en Sudáfrica y Colombia.
Authors: Flórez Muñoz Daniel Eduardo , Villareal Ordosgoitia Camilo
Published: July 2020

En la actualidad la justicia transicional recoge el conjunto de estrategias, internacionalmente admitidas para la superación de contextos de alta conflictividad hacia la consolidación de la paz y la democracia. No obstante, la misma ostenta una naturaleza casuística que se alimenta, directamente, de las experiencias exitosas, así como de los importantes estándares, en materia de derechos de víctimas que, con base en dichas experiencias, construyen los organismos internacionales. Resulta de suprema importancia la profundización de un enfoque comparado, al interior de las instancias de comprensión y evaluación de las transiciones políticas a la paz y la democracia. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo presentar algunos elementos determinantes en la comprensión de la experiencia del conflicto y la transición a la paz en los países de Sudáfrica y Colombia, señalando los contextos que sirven para identificar las particularidades de cada una de estas experiencias, así como las posibles lecciones que a la luz de las mismas se pueden identificar.
Kedudukan Hukum Surat Peringatan (SP) dan Skorsing dalam Proses PHK Buruh/Pekerja
Authors: Agus Dede
Published: July 2020

Warning letter (SP) is an effort to avoid layoffs (PHK), because warning letter does not decide an employment relationship immediately. Sometimes, an employer ignore warning letter in practice and they give skorsing letter directly. Although the warning letter and skorsing have a different law status. Therefore, this paper is aimed to discuss warning letter and skorsing law status in labour/an employee layoffs process. Warning letter and skorsing were given labour/an employee by employer before layoffs, but warning letter and skorsing have a difference of principle. Warning letter educate labour/an employee to take responsibility and still not yet layoffs process, but skorsing is given labour/an employee by employer in layoffs process. It propose and wait layoffs decision from institutions of industrial relations disputes settlement.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Kesulitan Belajar Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Manajemen Keuangan di Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Batanghari Jambi
Authors: Afrila Diliza , Fuadah Mutia Samrotul
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine (1) the description of student learning difficulties in the Financial Management course in the Economic Education Study Program of the Teaching and Education Faculty of Batanghari University, Jambi, and (2) the factors of student learning difficulties in the Financial Management course in the Educational Study Program Economics of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Batanghari University, Jambi. This type of research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The study population was students of the Economic Education Study Program Semester IV and VI Academic Year 2018/2019, totaling 48 people. The sampling technique is saturated sampling, so that the entire population is made into a research sample. The results showed that (1) the learning difficulty variable was in the high category with an average of 4.32 and the Respondent's Achievement Level (TCR) of 86.43, and (2) There were 10 (ten) dominant factors affecting student learning difficulties, i.e. (a) Factor 1 which is given the Psychological Factor identity, which consists of statement items F3.2, F3.3, F4.1, F4.2, F5.2, F5.3, F5.4, and F5.5, (b) Factor 2 which is given the identity of the State of the Building, which consists of statement items F11.1 and F11.2, (c) Factor 3 which is assigned the identity of Peer Environment, consisting of statement items F14.1 and F14.2, ( d) Factor 4 which is given the identity of Physical Factor, which consists of statement items F1 and F2, (e) Factor 5 which is given the identity of Lecturer Competence, which consists of statement items F9.1, F9.3, F9.4, and F9. 5, (f) Factor 6 which is given Family Factor identity, which consists of statement items F6.2, F7.1, F7.2, F8.1 and F8.2, (g) Factor 7 which is given Identification of Able Discipline s, which consists of statement items F12, (h) Factor 8 which is given the Identity of Learning Resources, which consists of statement items F10.1, F10.2, F10.3, and F10.4, (i) Factor 9 which is given an identity Mass Media, which consists of statement items F13.1 and F13.2, and (j) Factor 10 which is given the Learning Habit identity, which consists of statement items F13.3.
Karakteristik Remaja SMA dengan Faktor Risiko Diabetes Melitus di Kota Padang
Authors: Qifti Fauziah , Malini Hema , Yetti Hilda
Published: July 2020

Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease whose prevalence continues to increase every year. Adolescents are targeted in the selection and implementation of prevention of diabetes mellitus early on. This study aims to determine the characteristics of high school adolescents in the city of Padang who have risk factors for diabetes mellitus. This study is quantitative with cross sectional design. The sample of this study was high school students in Padang who met the inclusion criteria of 171 people. Of the total sample 48% were 16 years old, 33.3% were 17 years old, 16.4% were 15 years old and 0.6% were 19 years old. From the total sample, it is known that 64.3% are female and 35.7% male. Based on body mass index, it is known that 52.5% have a BMI ≥ 25 Kg / m² and 47.4% have a BMI <25 Kg / m². While the characteristics of students who have a family history of Diabetes Mellitus are 64.9% and do not have a family history of 35.1%. It is important for adolescents with risk factors to check blood sugar levels and get health education in order to increase awareness to take preventative measures early.
Analisis Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Guru Di Yayasan Makmur Al- Muthma’innah Jambi
Authors: Mustika Mustika , Komariah Apridha Nur , Devita Andri
Published: July 2020

This research aims to determine: (1) The effect of work motivation and partial compensation to the teacher's performance at Yayasan Makmur Al-Muthma'innah Jambi. (2) Influence of work motivation and simultaneous compensation to the teacher's performance at Yayasan Makmur Al-Muthma'innah Jambi. This research uses methods of descriptive analysis. The Data obtained in this study used the instrument questionnaire with the number of respondents as many as 39 teachers. The data analysis methods used are multiple linear regression. From the results of the analysis can be noted that work motivation and compensation partially affect the performance, with a percentage of work motivation influence on performance by 29, 2% and for the effect of compensation to performance by 46.4%. As for the simultaneous influence of work motivation and compensation has 16.2% against performance. The motivation for work and compensation also has a positive coefficient direction of 89.0% of performance.
Analisis Tradisi Melemang dalam Kajian Etnomatematika Dan Penerapannya dalam Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Fitroh Wahyu
Published: July 2020

The understanding of values in mathematics learning delivered by the teachers has not touched all possible aspects. Mathematics is seen as a tool to solve practical problems in the world of science alone, thus ignoring the view of mathematics as a human activity (Soedjadi, 2007). That view is not wrong at all, both are correct and in accordance with the growth of mathematics itself. However, due to or the impact of routine mathematics teaching so far, the view that states mathematics solely as a tool becomes inappropriate in the process of education of the nation's children. It often happens that the teacher places more emphasis on teaching the tool, the teacher tells or shows the tool, how the tool is used, how the child learns to use it, without knowing how the tool was made or without criticizing why the tool is used. In fact, not a few teachers are hooked to meet the target of high test scores so that many other values that are far more important for students are forgotten. The process of mathematics education as it is very possible for children to only memorize without understanding, even though they should be able to memorize only after understanding. Based on the description above in this study, the author explains the process of how to make lemang and how to lemang in learning mathematics, so the purpose of this study is to describe and identify mathematics learning in the tradition of melemang kerinci community, namely the community of Three villages (Koto Lolo, Koto Bento, Koto Tengah) Pesisir Bukit Kota Sungai Penuh District. This type of research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach that aims to get as complete information as possible about the implementation of ethno-mathematics in mathematics learning. Data collection methods using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques, then analyzed. The results show that in the tradition of melemang there is mathematics learning in the form of: 1. Tube Elements, 2. Tube Nets, 3. Tube Area, 4. Tube Volume which is part of the material from the Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP), School Level First Intermediate (SMP) in class IX Semester I and 5. Social Arithmetic in class VIII Semester I so that it can be concluded that the results of the study show that there is a community tradition of conducting mathematical activities and the application of ethnomatatics as a means to motivate, stimulate students, can overcome boredom and provide new nuances in mathematics learning. This research focuses on only one object sub-study. it is expected that further research will be further developed on other types and cultural traditions of the community and be assessed in order to be more efficient and effective in their discussions (in-depth and directed).
The Influence of Single and Double Steel Plate Hardness on Fracture Behavior after Ballistic Impact
Authors: Purwanto Helmy , Soenoko Rudy , Purnowidodo Anindito , Suprapto Agus
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the ballistic characteristics of the two steel plates with different hardness levels and mix in the form of layered in non-permanent constructions. Ballistic testing by caliber 5.56 × 45 mm deformed full metal jacket on a sample plate with each a thickness of 6 mm at a distance of 15 m with a normal angle of attack. The results of ballistic testing on both single plates are they can be pierced by a projectile. While for the layered plate, projectile can only penetrate the front side of the plate. The characteristic of each hole that is formed shows the difference caused by the level of hardness of the plate. On the rear part of the plate, a bulge appears because of an impact from the front side of the plate. In the Soft Plate appear high petals around the hole on the front side with the microstructure deformed on the crater walls. While the hard plate forms small petals on the back side and slightly deformed crater walls. The Soft plate is perforated due to deformation with petaling and fragmentation mechanism, while the hard plate is perforated due to plugging mechanism and adiabatic shear band and cracked.
Editorial
Authors: Sirkeci Ibrahim
Published: July 2020

On behalf of the editorial team of Border Crossing journal, I am pleased to introduce the first issue of the tenth volume. Border Crossing aims to offer a multidisciplinary venue for sharing interesting and novel research from any fields of Social Sciences and Humanities. The “open issue” model we have started last year seems appreciated by authors and readers as it allows us to release the articles once they are through the peer-review process and finalised without delay which is normally the case for most journals. In this issue, we bring four articles and a book review to you.
Application of polychaetes in (de)coupled integrated aquaculture: an approach for fish waste bioremediation
Authors: Nederlof MAJ , Fang J , Dahlgren TG , Rastrick SPS , Smaal AC , Strand Ø , Sveier H , Verdegem MCJ , Jansen HM
Published: July 2020

Development of benthic components within integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems warrants more attention, and the development of polychaetes as an extractive component in IMTA systems is ongoing. This study estimates the bioremediation potential of Capitella sp. and Ophryotrocha craigsmithi for coupled and decoupled salmon-driven IMTA. In coupled IMTA, polychaetes receive fresh faeces, while in decoupled IMTA, preservation of faeces is applied. Respiration and ammonia excretion rates were measured for polychaetes fed fresh, oven-dried or acidified salmon faeces, and combined with nutrients incorporated into tissue growth, to estimate nutrient requirements. Nutrient requirements were subsequently used to evaluate bioremediation potential. Metabolic rates were highest for O. craigsmithi and contributed notably to their overall nutrient requirement (20-30%). For the 2 polychaete species, nutrient requirements ranged from 5 to 26 mg C and from 2 to 6 mg N g-1 AFDW d-1. These requirements were comparable with or higher than other polychaete species, highlighting the potential for fish waste bioremediation by Capitella sp. and O. craigsmithi. Preserved diets reduced bioremediation potential 1.5 and 3-5 times for, respectively, Capitella sp. and O. craigsmithi. Assuming that polychaetes are efficient fish-faeces convertors, the bioremediation potential indicates that benthic cultivation units containing 65000-95000 ind. m-2 of Capitella sp. or 36000-194000 ind. m-2 of O. craigsmithi can convert the daily organic waste flux deposited below an average salmon farm. These densities were within ranges reported for wild populations, indicating that, based on the bioremediation potential, development of benthic IMTA with these 2 polychaete species seems realistic and efficient for waste conversion.
Pathologic findings and causes of death in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus stranded along the Georgia coast, USA (2007-2013)
Authors: Seguel M , George RC , Maboni G , Sanchez S , Page-Karjian A , Wirth E , McFee W , Gottdenker NL
Published: July 2020

Between 2007 and 2013, before the 2013 cetacean morbillivirus outbreak, 26 fresh bottlenose dolphin carcasses were necropsied on the coast of Georgia, USA. Here, we present the pathological and microbiological findings associated with their most likely causes of death. The primary cause of death was determined in 25 individuals and included systemic bacterial infection (n = 7), verminous and bacterial bronchopneumonia (n = 5), drowning/entanglement (n = 5), disseminated histoplasmosis (n = 1), intestinal intussusception (n = 1), vegetative endocarditis (n = 1), meningitis (n = 1), necrotizing dermatitis (n = 1), disseminated angiomatosis (n = 1), emaciation (n = 1) and stingray spine trauma (n = 1). Histiocytic and eosinophilic bronchopneumonia associated with Halocerchus sp. infection was observed in 69% of the animals (18/26) and eosinophilic gastritis due to Anisakidae nematodes was found in 36% of the examined stomachs (8/22). Moderate to severe eosinophilic pancreatitis with fibrosis was observed in 4 animals infected with Brachycladiidae trematodes. Proliferative and ulcerative lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis was found in 5 animals and was considered to contribute to deteriorated health status in 2 calves. Pulmonary and lymph node angiomatosis were observed in 15 and 10 animals, respectively. In at least 2 animals, the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the blubber exceeded 1500 µg g-1 of lipid. Bottlenose dolphins stranded on the Georgia coast have a wide range of inflammatory lesions associated with a variety of helminth, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Some resident animals have also been exposed to high levels of PCB contamination, which could reduce host immunocompetence. Higher exposure to these or other pathogens could result in further decline in the health of resident and migrant dolphin populations in this region.
Experimental transmission of Caligus rogercresseyi between two different fish species
Authors: González-Gómez MP , Ovalle L , Spinetto C , Oyarzo C , Oyarzún R , Menanteau M , Álvarez D , Rivas M , Olmos P
Published: July 2020

Caligus rogercresseyi is the dominant sea louse parasite affecting the salmon and trout industry in southern Chile. This parasite has a wide range of native and endemic fish hosts. The Patagonian blenny Eleginops maclovinus, which is parasitized mostly by the caligid species Lepeophtheirus spp. and C. rogercresseyi, is presumably responsible for the transmission of C. rogercresseyi to salmonids. The aim of this study was to characterize the transmission of parasites between different fish species and parasite cohort development under laboratory conditions. Parasite abundances and intensities were quantified. Transmission of parasites from Patagonian blenny to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar was lower (~9%, mainly corresponding to C. rogercresseyi) than from salmon to Patagonian blenny (14.7-26.9%, where only C. rogercresseyi were observed). This suggests that the transmission of C. rogercresseyi from salmon individuals is higher than the transmission from a native fish. Parasite cohorts developed successfully on both fish species, but apparently under different developmental rates. Water temperature, oxygen, and juvenile abundances were the variables that better explained cohort development success and variation in C. rogercresseyi adult abundances over time.
Neologismen
Authors: Innerwinkler Sandra
Published: July 2020

Zur lebendigen Sprachverwendung gehört, dass neue Dinge, Technologien oder Ereignisse benannt werden und Altes eine neue, passendere, vielleicht auch modischere Bezeichnung erhält. Solche Neuzugänge – Neologismen – sind und waren schon immer zentrale Objekte der linguistischen Forschung. Dieser Band der Reihe ‚Literaturhinweise zur Linguistik‘ bietet eine konzise Einführung in das Thema Neologismen und eine strukturierte Auswahlbibliographie mit relevanter aktueller Fachliteratur. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den Entstehungsmöglichkeiten und Funktionen von Neologismen.
Electroabsorption in Metallic Nanoparticles within Transparent Dielectric Media
Authors: Thakur Mrinal , Van Cleave Justin
Published: July 2020

Electroabsorption in metallic nanoparticles within transparent dielectric media has been measured. In particular, gold nanoparticles in glass and subnanometer-size metallic domains in iodine doped nonconjugated conductive polymer have been studied. Measurements have been made for applied ac fields at 4 kHz, at a wavelength close to the onset of the surface plasmon resonance. The measured electroabsorption (imaginary part of χ(3) or Kerr coefficient) has a quadratic dependence on electric field. Its magnitudes were compared for different sizes of the metallic nanoparticles down to the subnanometer-size particles in iodine-doped nonconjugated conductive polymer. As in the case of quadratic electro-optic effect reported earlier, electroabsorption has approximately a 1/d3 dependence, d being the diameter of nanoparticle. This is consistent with existing theories on confined metallic systems.
Transcriptomic Profiling of Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk Vascular Cambium Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in Phenylpropanoid Metabolism
Authors: Yang Junjie , Guo Zhenhao , Zhang Yingting , Mo Jiaxing , Cui Jiebing , Hu Hailiang , He Yunya , Xu Jin
Published: July 2020

Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk (Chinese cedar) is a coniferous tree from southern China that has an important function in landscaping and timber production. Lignin is one of the key components of secondary cell walls, which have a crucial role in conducting water and providing mechanical support for the upward growth of plants. It is mainly biosynthesized via the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, of which the molecular mechanism remains so far unresolved in C. fortunei. In order to obtain further insight into this pathway, we performed transcriptome sequencing of the C. fortunei cambial zone at 5 successive growth stages. We generated 78,673 unigenes from transcriptome data, of which 45,214 (57.47%) were successfully annotated in the non-redundant protein database (NR). A total of 8975 unigenes were identified to be significantly differentially expressed between Sample_B and Sample_A after analyzing their expression profiles. Of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 6817 (75.96%) and 2158 (24.04%) were up- and down-regulated, respectively. 83 DEGs were involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism, 37 DEGs that encoded v-Myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) transcription factor (TF), and many candidates that encoded lignin synthesizing enzymes. These findings contribute to understanding the expression pattern of C. fortunei cambial zone transcriptome. Furthermore, our results provide additional insight towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of wood formation in C. fortunei.
Effects of Skidding Operations after Tree Harvesting and Soil Scarification by Felled Trees on Initial Seedling Emergence of Spanish Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii)
Authors: Lucas-Borja Manuel Esteban , Heydari Mehdi , Miralles Isabel , Zema Demetrio Antonio , Manso Ruben
Published: July 2020

Skidding operations are thought to have negative impacts on soil emergence because they may increase soil compaction and reduce vegetation cover and the soil’s organic matter content. We investigated whether and to what extent tree harvesting and subsequent skidding initially altered seedling emergence in two Mediterranean forests of Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii (Spanish black pine) in the Cuenca Mountains (Spain). Our main objective was to compare the Spanish black pine seedling emergence rate among skid trails, soil areas scarified by felled trees, and areas undisturbed next to harvest operations. In addition, we selected an unmanaged stand as reference, in order to look for evidence of seedling emergence under natural conditions. We measured Spanish black pine seed fall and seedling emergence immediately after harvest operations in two locations in the Cuenca Mountains (Palancares and Majadas forests), which are typical forests in Cuenca Mountains. The results showed that the Palancares site presented higher seed fall in comparison to the Majadas site. In addition, seed fall was higher in the unmanaged stand, as we recorded a higher tree density in this site in comparison to harvested stands (Palancares and Majadas). Furthermore, our results demonstrated differences in seedling emergence between lower elevation drier Palancares and higher elevation wetter Majadas and relative differences in seedling emergence among skid trail, scarified, and undisturbed harvested areas. Finally, the unmanaged stand presented the highest seedling emergence in comparison to scarified, compacted, and non-disturbed harvested areas. Overall, the results suggest a short-term impact of skidding on seedling emergence, which should be considered for future management guidelines of Spanish black pine in the Mediterranean climate.
Anxiety and Avoidance in Adults and Childhood Trauma Are Associated with Negative Religious Coping
Authors: Kosarkova Alice , Malinakova Klara , van Dijk Jitse P. , Tavel Peter
Published: July 2020

Religion as a coping strategy is mostly connected with positive health outcomes. Yet, negative religious coping (NRC) has been associated with rather negative outcomes that affect one’s health. The aim of this study was to explore whether insecure adult attachment and childhood trauma are associated with higher NRC. A sample of Czech adults (n = 531, 51.1 ± 17.2 years; 43.5% men) participated in a survey. As measures, the NRC subscale of the Brief RCOPE, the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised questionnaire, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) were used. From the whole sample, 23.7% respondents reported higher NRC. Respondents with higher anxiety in close relationships were more likely to use negative coping strategies, with an odds ratios (OR) of 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.59). Similarly, avoidance was associated with negative coping OR = 1.41 (1.13–1.75). Moreover, each subscale of the CTQ-SF revealed a significant association with high summary NRC. Respondents who reported physical neglect scored highest on summary NRC with OR = 1.50 (1.23–1.83) after controlling for sociodemographic variables, but also for anxiety and depression. Our findings support the idea that childhood trauma experience and adult attachment style are associated with higher use of NRC strategies.
Building a Narrative of Equity: Weaving Indigenous Approaches into Community-Engaged Research
Authors: Hardy Lisa J. , Shaw Kevin , Hughes Amy , Hulen Elizabeth , Sanderson Priscilla R. , Corrales Candi , Pinn Travis , Esplain Jamie , Begay R. Cruz
Published: July 2020

In 2020, global injustice has taken center stage during the uprising of the Black Lives Matter movement and other social movements. Activists are calling attention to longstanding disparities in health outcomes and an urgent need for justice. Given the global socio-political moment, how can health researchers draw on current critical theory and social movements to create structures for equitable outcomes in health research and practice? Here, we demonstrate principles for effective health research and social justice work that builds on community-engaged approaches by weaving critical Indigenous approaches into structural project designs. Our project, “Health Resilience among American Indians in Arizona”, brought new and seasoned researchers together to collect and analyze data on the knowledge of healthcare providers concerning American Indian health and well-being. Four years after the conclusion of the project, the team developed and created a post-project self-assessment to investigate lasting impacts of project participation. In this communication, we discuss the principles of defining and measuring the capacity to build together. This work responds to the call from Indigenous scholars and community leaders to build an internal narrative of change. While we will not present the full instrument, we will discuss building a strong foundation using the principles of engagement for planning and implementing justice and change.
Incorporating Environmental Pollution and Human Development in the Energy-Growth Nexus: A Novel Long Run Investigation for Pakistan
Authors: Abid Nabila , Wu Jianzu , Ahmad Fayyaz , Draz Muhammad Umar , Chandio Abbas Ali , Xu Hui
Published: July 2020

Energy acts as a catalyst to boost the human development index (HDI) in a country. However, the overuse of energy leads to environmental deterioration, which is a byproduct of economic development. Due to the utilization of non-renewable energy sources for a long time, worldwide environmental conditions have become alarming. This study investigates the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, environmental sustainability, and the human development index (HDI) in Pakistan. The investigation incorporates population growth and technology variables to form a multivariate framework. We use a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) approach to time-series data from 1990–2017. To check the robustness of estimations, we apply the Gregory–Hansen test with a causality test under the VECM to confirm this association’s directions. Our findings confirm that non-renewable energy sources have a positive association with economic growth and CO2 emissions. However, human development, technology, and renewable energy boost economic development and reduce environmental pollution in Pakistan. The co-integration results confirmed the long run connectivity among all variables. The causality outcomes support the bidirectional causality between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions, both in the short and long run. These outcomes suggest that Pakistan should focus on energy shifts and gradually increase the share of renewables in its energy mix under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Additionally, the government should increase human and technological development to enhance economic and environmental sustainability.
Experiences of Psychiatric Nurses Who Care for Patients with Physical and Psychological Violence: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Sim In Ok , Ahn Kyoung Min , Hwang Eun Jeong
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The present study aims to understand the experiences and characteristics of nurses caring for patients with mental disorders characterized by aggressive behavior. Aim: The study aimed to understand and interpret the physical and psychological experiences and positive and negative aspects associated with nursing practices of patients with anger and aggressive behavior. Method: The participants of this study were twelve nurses with over three years of experience working in a mental hospital. More specifically, all our participants had experience caring for psychiatric patients with anger and aggressive behavior. The collected data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method and the procedure proposed by Colaizzi (1978). Result: The nurses’ experience was described in five categories: “fear of violence”, “exposure to a poor working environment”, “difficulty of emotional control”, “career regrets”, and “finding a solution to violence.” Discussion: The hospital should encourage and provide training sessions to teach nurses how to use proper intervention technique regarding medication and seclusion. Implications: The results of the present study suggest the need for ongoing hospital support and program development, intervention studies, and improvement of the work environment to resolve the burden of mental and physical difficulties experienced by psychiatric nurses.
Moral Disengagement as a Moderating Factor in the Relationship between the Perception of Dating Violence and Victimization
Authors: Cuadrado-Gordillo Isabel , Fernández-Antelo Inmaculada , Martín-Mora Parra Guadalupe
Published: July 2020

There have been studies establishing the relationship between moral disengagement and aggressiveness in various contexts, especially in the role of the aggressor. Few, however, have analyzed moral disengagement’s mediating role in the phenomenon of teenage dating violence, taking into account how these mechanisms affect the victims’ perception of themselves as fearful, trapped, or mistreated in a dating relationship. This study analyzes the relationship between moral disengagement, the acceptance of violence, and how the victims of this type of abuse perceive victimization. The participants were 2577 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18. They completed two questionnaires that addressed teenage dating violence and moral disengagement. To study the relationship between the variables, factorial, structural, correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to construct the perceptual structure of victimization. The analyses showed moral disengagement and the acceptance of violence, as well as their interaction, to have a mediating and moderating influence by modifying the perception of victimization. The victims’ levels of moral disengagement explained their acceptance of the violence and their inability to recognize abuse. Finally, these results may be a key element in the design of psychological interventions aimed at minimizing the use of moral disengagement and the acceptance of violence in situations involving aggression in teenage dating.
Demographic and Comorbidities Data Description of Population in Mexico with SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients(COVID19): An Online Tool Analysis
Authors: Galván-Tejada Carlos E. , Zanella-Calzada Laura A. , Villagrana-Bañuelos Karen E. , Moreno-Báez Arturo , Luna-García Huizilopoztli , Celaya-Padilla Jose María , Galván-Tejada Jorge Issac , Gamboa-Rosales Hamurabi
Published: July 2020

The Word Health Organization (WHO) declared in March 2020 that we are facing a pandemic designated as COVID-19, which is the acronym of coronavirus disease 2019, caused by a new virus know as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Mexico, the first cases of COVID-19, was reported by the Secretary of Health on 28 February 2020. More than sixteen thousand cases and more than fifteen thousand deaths have been reported in Mexico, and it continues to rise; therefore, this article proposes two online visualization tools (a web platform) that allow the analysis of demographic data and comorbidities of the Mexican population. The objective of these tools is to provide graphic information, fast and updated, based on dataset obtained directly from National Governments Health Secretary (Secretaría de Salud, SSA) which is daily refreshed with the information related to SARS-CoV-2. To allow a dynamical update and friendly interface, and approach with R-project, a well-known Open Source language and environment for statistical computing and Shiny package, were implemented. The dataset is loaded automatically from the latest version released by the federal government of Mexico. Users can choose to study particular groups determined by gender, entity, type of result (positive, negative, pending outcome) and comorbidity. The image results are plots that can be instantly interpreted and supported by the text summary. This tool, in addition to being a consultation for the general public, is useful in Public Health to facilitate the visualization of the data, allowing its timely interpretation due to the changing nature of COVID-19, it can even be used for decision-making by leaders, for the benefit of the health of the community.
Retentive Force of Glass-Ceramic Soldered Customized Zirconia Abutment Copings with Prefabricated Titanium Bases
Authors: Hey Jeremias , Kasaliyska Monika , Kiesow Andreas , Schweyen Ramona , Arnold Christin
Published: July 2020

Two-piece abutments consisting of customized zirconia abutment copings and prefabricated titanium bases are popular due to their biological and esthetic advantages. Glass–ceramic solder (GS) is an alternative biocompatible connective agent. This in vitro study evaluated the retentive force of GS in comparison to classical resin composite cements (RC) after artificial aging and autoclaving. Ninety specimens consisting of prefabricated titanium bases and zirconia abutment copings were fabricated. The two parts of each specimen were fixed either by RC (n = 30) or GS with a luting space of either 30 µm (n = 30) or 100 µm (n = 30). Ten specimens of each group underwent autoclaving before artificial aging (water storage, thermocycling). Twenty specimens (including the 10 autoclaved specimens) of each group were exposed to a mechanical load. The retentive force between the zirconia and titanium in all specimens was determined. A fractographic analysis was performed to analyze the fracture surfaces of the GS specimens. The RC- and GS-connected two-piece abutments showed no relevant differences, independent of the luting space. RC appears to be more vulnerable to the thermal and mechanical loads than GS. Thus, GS may be an appropriate alternative to RC for two-piece abutments, especially for patients with enhanced biocompatibility requirements.
Dendropanax Morbifera Extract-Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles Loaded with Indole-3-Carbinol for Enhancement of Anticancer Efficacy in the A549 Human Lung Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Rupa Esrat Jahan , Arunkumar Lakshminarayanan , Han Yaxi , Kang Jong Pyo , Ahn Jong Chan , Jung Seok-Kyu , Kim Mia , Kim Jong Yun , Yang Deok-Chun , Lee Gyong Jai
Published: July 2020

Dendropanax morbifera is a versatile plant that has been used as a herbal medicine due to its various useful medicinal effects. To protect its active component from biological stress and increase its drug efficacy as well as drug bioavailability, nanoemulsion was prepared. Dendropanax morbifera zinc oxide nanoparticles (DM-ZnO NPs) were synthesized using the plant extract via the co-precipitation method and loaded with active indole-3-carbinol for nanoemulsion formulation using the ultrasonication process. Field emission transmission electron microscope revealed the flower shape of the Dendropanax morbifera indole-3-carbinol zinc oxide nanoemulsion (DM-ZnO-I3C-NE). In contrast, DM-ZnO NPs showed a spheroid shape that coincides agreeably with field emission electron scanning microscope. The hydrodynamic sizes by dynamic light scattering are about 65 ± 3 nm and 239.6 ± 6 nm and the crystallite sizes from X-ray diffraction are 11.52 nm and 16.07 nm for DM-ZnO NPs and DM-ZnO-I3C-NE, respectively. In vitro analysis revealed the cytotoxicity of DM-ZnO-I3C-NE against a human lung cancer cell line (A549) at 12.5 µg/mL as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The DM-ZnO-I3C-NE-induced ROS generation level was higher than that of DM-ZnO NPs and free indole-3-carbinol. The synergistic effect of DM-ZnO and indole-3-carbinol indicates DM-ZnO-I3C-NE as a potential candidate for future lung cancer drug and could be scope for functional food.
Timing of Nutrient Ingestion after Mild to Moderate Cycling Exercise Does Not Affect Gastric Emptying Rate in Humans
Authors: Kashima Hideaki , Kamimura Saori , Honma Ayumi , Endo Masako Yamaoka , Miura Akira , Kobayashi Toshio , Fukuba Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2020

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate drink ingestion timing on gastrointestinal tract blood flow and motility after mild cycling exercise. Eight healthy participants were randomly assigned to ingest a liquid solution with 75 g glucose at either 5 min (PE-5) or 30 min (PE-30) after a single bout of leg cycling exercise according to target heart rate (approximately 120 beats/min). As the control trial (Con), participants ingested the same liquid solution without exercise. Celiac artery blood flow (BF), superior mesenteric artery BF, and gastric emptying rate were assessed by ultrasonography before and for 60 min after ingesting the glucose solution. Blood lactate, glucose, and plasma insulin were also measured at baseline and for 60 min after ingesting the glucose solution. Celiac artery BF significantly decreased from resting baseline immediately after exercise in both the PE-5 and PE-30 trials, and then returned to resting baseline just before the ingestion of glucose solution in the PE-30 trial. After ingesting the glucose solution, changes in celiac artery BF, superior mesenteric artery BF, % gastric emptying rate, blood lactate, blood glucose, and plasma insulin were not significantly different among the three trials. The timing of nutrient ingestion after mild exercise does not seem to impact the subsequent gastrointestinal motility, blood flow, and glycemic responses.
Nutrient Adequacy Is Low among Both Self-Declared Lacto-Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Pregnant Women in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Bellows Alexandra L. , Kachwaha Shivani , Ghosh Sebanti , Kappos Kristen , Escobar-Alegria Jessica , Menon Purnima , Nguyen Phuong H.
Published: July 2020

Poor dietary intake during pregnancy remains a significant public health concern, affecting the health of the mother and fetus. This study examines the adequacy of energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes among self-declared lacto-vegetarian and non-vegetarian pregnant women. We analyzed dietary data from 627 pregnant women in Uttar Pradesh, India, using a multiple-pass 24 h diet recall. Compared to non-vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians (~46%) were less likely to report excessive carbohydrate (78% vs. 63%) and inadequate fat intakes (70% vs. 52%). In unadjusted analyses, lacto-vegetarians had a slightly higher mean PA for micronutrients (20% vs. 17%), but these differences were no longer significant after controlling for caste, education, and other demographic characteristics. In both groups, the median intake of 9 out of 11 micronutrients was below the Estimated Average Requirement. In conclusion, the energy and micronutrient intakes were inadequate, and the macronutrient intakes were imbalanced, regardless of stated dietary preferences. Since diets are poor across the board, a range of policies and interventions that address the household food environment, nutrition counseling, behavior change, and supplementation are needed in order to achieve adequate nutrient intake for pregnant women in this population.
Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids Are Positively Associated with Adiposity Measures in Chinese Adults
Authors: Wang Yiqing , Wang Huijun , Howard Annie Green , Meyer Katie A. , Tsilimigras Matthew C. B. , Avery Christy L. , Sha Wei , Sun Shan , Zhang Jiguo , Su Chang , Wang Zhihong , Zhang Bing , Fodor Anthony A. , Gordon-Larsen Penny
Published: July 2020

Epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between obesity and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by microbial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, while animal models suggest increased energy harvest through colonic SCFA production in obesity. However, there is a lack of human population-based studies with dietary intake data, plasma SCFAs, gut microbial, and anthropometric data. In 490 Chinese adults aged 30–68 years, we examined the associations between key plasma SCFAs (butyrate/isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate measured by non-targeted plasma metabolomics) with body mass index (BMI) using multivariable-adjusted linear regression. We then assessed whether overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2) modified the association between dietary-precursors of SCFAs (insoluble fiber, total carbohydrates, and high-fiber foods) with plasma SCFAs. In a sub-sample (n = 209) with gut metagenome data, we examined the association between gut microbial SCFA-producers with BMI. We found positive associations between butyrate/isobutyrate and BMI (p-value < 0.05). The associations between insoluble fiber and butyrate/isobutyrate differed by overweight (p-value < 0.10). There was no statistical evidence for an association between microbial SCFA-producers and BMI. In sum, plasma SCFAs were positively associated with BMI and that the colonic fermentation of fiber may differ for adults with versus without overweight.
Five William Shakespeares Versus One Santa Claus; Self-Sacrifice and The Trolley Problem in the Series “The Good Place”
Authors: Bosman Frank G.
Published: July 2020

The television series The Good Place (2016–2020), created by Michael Schur revolves around four humans who—after their deaths—end up in what they believe to be heaven: the “Good Place”. In reality, however, they are in a very sophisticated torture place, built and directed by demons from the “Bad Place”. During the four seasons of the series, the four humans discover the true nature of their predicament and try to reach to “real” Good Place, through—among other means—improving their moral attitude, e.g., becoming a better person by taking ethical lessons provided by one of the four, who is an actual professor of moral philosophy. During these lessons, the four discuss many ethical and philosophical notions, ideas and problems, among which is Philippa Foot’s famous 1967 thought experiment known as the Trolley Problem. The series as a whole, the author of this article argues, revolves around this impossible moral dilemma, suggesting self-sacrifice as an ultimate solution to the Trolley Problem.
Dynamic Partition Gaussian Crack Detection Algorithm Based on Projection Curve Distribution
Authors: Xue Dan , Yuan Weiqi
Published: July 2020

When detecting the cracks in the tunnel lining image, due to uneven illumination, there are generally differences in brightness and contrast between the cracked pixels and the surrounding background pixels as well as differences in the widths of the cracked pixels, which bring difficulty in detecting and extracting cracks. Therefore, this paper proposes a dynamic partitioned Gaussian crack detection algorithm based on the projection curve distribution. First, according to the distribution of the image projection curve, the background pixels are dynamically partitioned. Second, a new dynamic partitioned Gaussian (DPG) model was established, and the set rules of partition boundary conditions, partition number, and partition corresponding threshold were defined. Then, the threshold and multi-scale Gaussian factors corresponding to different crack widths were substituted into the Gaussian model to detect cracks. Finally, crack morphology and the breakpoint connection algorithm were combined to complete the crack extraction. The algorithm was tested on the lining gallery captured on the site of the Tang-Ling-Shan Tunnel in Liaoning Province, China. The optimal parameters in the algorithm were estimated through the Recall, Precision, and Time curves. From two aspects of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the experimental results demonstrate that this algorithm could effectively eliminate the effect of uneven illumination on crack detection. After detection, Recall could reach more than 96%, and after extraction, Precision was increased by more than 70%.
LiDAR-Based GNSS Denied Localization for Autonomous Racing Cars
Authors: Massa Federico , Bonamini Luca , Settimi Alessandro , Pallottino Lucia , Caporale Danilo
Published: July 2020

Self driving vehicles promise to bring one of the greatest technological and social revolutions of the next decade for their potential to drastically change human mobility and goods transportation, in particular regarding efficiency and safety. Autonomous racing provides very similar technological issues while allowing for more extreme conditions in a safe human environment. While the software stack driving the racing car consists of several modules, in this paper we focus on the localization problem, which provides as output the estimated pose of the vehicle needed by the planning and control modules. When driving near the friction limits, localization accuracy is critical as small errors can induce large errors in control due to the nonlinearities of the vehicle’s dynamic model. In this paper, we present a localization architecture for a racing car that does not rely on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It consists of two multi-rate Extended Kalman Filters and an extension of a state-of-the-art laser-based Monte Carlo localization approach that exploits some a priori knowledge of the environment and context. We first compare the proposed method with a solution based on a widely employed state-of-the-art implementation, outlining its strengths and limitations within our experimental scenario. The architecture is then tested both in simulation and experimentally on a full-scale autonomous electric racing car during an event of Roborace Season Alpha. The results show its robustness in avoiding the robot kidnapping problem typical of particle filters localization methods, while providing a smooth and high rate pose estimate. The pose error distribution depends on the car velocity, and spans on average from 0.1 m (at 60 km/h) to 1.48 m (at 200 km/h) laterally and from 1.9 m (at 100 km/h) to 4.92 m (at 200 km/h) longitudinally.