bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of 11 O'clock versus Oblique Femoral Tunnels in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament—Reconstructed Knee
Authors: Markolf Keith L. , Jackson Steven R. , McAllister David R.
Published: March 2010

Background

Traditionally, a standard femoral tunnel for a single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is positioned 6 to 7 mm anterior to the posterior wall at an 11 o'clock orientation in the femoral notch (right knee). However, some surgeons have advocated placing the femoral tunnel at a more oblique orientation at or near the femoral footprint of the ACL's posterolateral bundle (at approximately 9:30 to 10 o'clock in the notch) to provide the graft with a better mechanical advantage for controlling tibial rotation and eliminating the pivot shift.

Hypothesis

Moving the femoral tunnel from the standard location to an oblique position in the femoral notch will significantly reduce the magnitude of a simulated pivot shift.

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods

Internal-external tibial rotation and anteroposterior (AP) displacement of the lateral tibial plateau were measured in 17 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees during a simulated pivot-shift event with a single-bundle ACL reconstruction placed in standard and oblique femoral tunnels. Baseline kinematic measurements were taken with the graft tensioned to restore intact AP knee laxity at 30° of flexion. The measurements were repeated as graft tension was decreased to produce approximately 2-mm incremental increases in laxity (up to +10 mm). Correlations between lateral tibial plateau displacement and tibial rotation during the pivot shift were determined for both tunnels.

Results

There were no significant differences in tibial rotations or tibial plateau displacements during the pivot shift between standard and oblique femoral tunnels when the graft was tensioned to restore intact knee laxity. The relationship between pivot-shift magnitude and AP laxity was highly linear for each knee specimen over the range of laxities tested; the mean slopes for anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) tunnels were not significantly different. There were near perfect linear correlations (mean r2 > .98) between lateral plateau displacement and tibial rotation for both femoral tunnel positions; the slope of the regression line was not significantly different between tunnels.

Conclusion

Moving the femoral tunnel from the standard location to a more oblique position in the notch did not significantly alter pivot-shift kinematics. Lateral plateau displacement was strongly correlated with tibial rotation, and either can be used to quantify the pivot shift.

Clinical Relevance

The rationale for placing the femoral tunnel at an oblique position in the notch to reduce the pivot shift is questioned.
Discrimination and Acculturative Stress Among First-Generation Dominicans
Authors: Araújo Dawson Beverly , Panchanadeswaran Subadra
Published: March 2010

The present study examined the relationship between discriminatory experiences and acculturative stress levels among a sample of 283 Dominican immigrants. Findings from a linear regression analysis revealed that experiences of daily racial discrimination and major racist events were significant predictors of acculturative stress after controlling for demographics, acculturation, and transnationalism. Findings from this study have implications for interventions with this understudied and underserved population given the evidence of the negative effect of discriminatory experiences.
Design and Fabrication of PLGA Sandwiched Cell/Fibrin Constructs for Complex Organ Regeneration
Authors: Xiaohong Wang  , Shaochun Sui  , Yongnian Yan  , Renji Zhang
Published: March 2010

A poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) sandwich fibrinogen/ adipose stem cell (ADSC) construct was fabricated to generate smooth muscle tissue. The mechanical properties and ADSC compatibility of PLGA, poly(ethylene glycol-1,6-hexamethyl diisocyanate-caprolactone) i.e. polyurethane (PU), gelatin, alginate, and fibrin composites were evaluated for vascular smooth muscle tissue generation. Synthetic PLGA and PU combined with natural gelatin, alginate, and fibrin for strength and cell compatibility were found to be effective. A trilayer construct was designed and built with a microporous inner PLGA layer to provide nutrient, oxygen, and metabolite transfer while the outer PLGA layer with no pores prevented leakage during in vitro culture and in vivo implantation. The fibrin layer suitably accommodated ADSC growth, migration, proliferation, and differentiation inside the construct. This design has the potential for wide use in tissue engineering and complex organ construction.
The Complexities of Becoming Visible: Reflecting on the Stories of Women of Color as Social Work Educators
Authors: Vakalahi Halaevalu F. O. , Hardin Starks Saundra
Published: March 2010

This article is part of a lifelong commitment to bring the experiences of women of color to the forefront of academic discussion. It is a reflection on the struggles, sustaining forces, and legacy passed on by women of color, who are social work educators to future generations of women. Framed by feminist theory and the theory of intersectionality, the narratives of 16 women of color are points of reflection. The findings of their narratives affirm multiple barriers and challenges, sustaining forces, and the legacy passed on by these pioneers to future generations. Implications for policy, practice, and research are also discussed.
The Influence of the Maxillary Frenum on the Development and Pattern of Dental Caries on Anterior Teeth in Breastfeeding Infants: Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Kotlow Lawrence A.
Published: March 2010

In breastfeeding infants, an abnormal attachment of maxillary frenum has the potential to become a significant factor in contributing to facial caries formation on the maxillary anterior teeth. This is in part due to the inability of infants to remove residual milk from the area between the lip and facial surfaces of the maxillary central and lateral incisors at the completion of nursing. Early diagnosis and treatment of an abnormal frenum attachment with the simple and quick revision technique using the Erbium: YAG or Diode laser can prevent these from occurring and does not present any significant risks to the infant. J Hum Lact. 26(3):304-308.
Job Queues, Certification Status, and the Education Labor Market
Authors: Evans Lorraine
Published: March 2010

This research explores the interaction between training programs and certification status in one education labor market to examine the micro-level interactions that shape the recruitment process. Using job queue theory, it is found that the information available to novice teachers operates to stratify and shape their worksite choices in addition to stratifying workers by their certification status. Traditionally trained teachers use the formal and informal knowledge garnered during training to identify preferred worksites, citing poverty levels, student achievement, and the administration as important factors in the decision-making process. Conversely, alternatively trained teachers are channeled into disadvantaged schools and, constrained by limited occupational knowledge, select a worksite based on personal interactions. Accountability policies and teacher training programs interact to stratify schools and teachers in the education labor market.
Hormesis is central to toxicology, pharmacology and risk assessment
Authors: Calabrese Edward J
Published: March 2010

This paper summarizes numerous conceptual and experimental advances over the past two decades in the study of hormesis. Hormesis is now generally accepted as a real and reproducible biological phenomenon, being highly generalized and independent of biological model, endpoint measured and chemical class/physical stressor. The quantitative features of the hormetic dose response are generally highly consistent, regardless of the model and mechanism, and represent a quantitative index of biological plasticity at multiple levels of biological organization. The hormetic dose-response model has been demonstrated to make far more accurate predictions of responses in low dose zones than either the threshold or linear at low dose models. Numerous therapeutic agents widely used by humans are based on the hormetic dose response and its low dose stimulatory characteristics. It is expected that as low dose responses come to dominate toxicological research that risk assessment practices will incorporate hormetic concepts in the standard setting process.
BELLE: An evolving legacy
Authors: Calabrese Edward J
Published: March 2010

This paper introduces an issue of the BELLE Newsletter that is designed to reflect on the role of BELLE in affecting how the concept of hormesis is perceived and accepted by the biomedical and toxicological communities. A brief overview of how BELLE was created is provided.
Rediscovering Communities: Lessons From the Hurricane Katrina Crisis
Authors: Cowen Amanda P. , Cowen Scott S.
Published: March 2010

In an era of globalization, the importance of communities—particularly local ones—receives relatively little attention in management education and research. Even academic institutions consider themselves to be “boundary-less” organizations, defined more by ideas and discourse than geographic locations. In this article, the authors describe their process of “rediscovering” communities, and their enduring organizational relevance, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Drawing on their experiences with the recovery efforts at Tulane University, the authors explore the interdependencies which exist between organizations and their communities, and the challenges that leaders confront in managing them. They highlight three central observations: the dynamic nature of community relationships, the embeddedness of organizations in multiple communities, and the need to balance initiative and collaboration when solving interdependent challenges. They argue that there is significant merit in reintroducing these themes both inside and outside the classroom, and outline implications for organizational strategy and leadership.
Through the Looking Glass: Contestability Theory and the Resource-Based View
Authors: Lockett Andy , Thompson Steve
Published: March 2010

In this essay we explore the curious symmetry between contestability theory (CT) and the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm. CT assumes away all distinctions between incumbent firms and potential competitors. By contrast, the RBV stresses the fundamental heterogeneity of firms and why such differences may be sustainable. The juxtaposition of the two theories highlights the potential trade-off between rigor and relevance in theory development and provides the opportunity to further our understanding of the RBV.
Life With Fred: Maintaining an Academic Career as a Caregiver
Authors: Ketchen David J.
Published: March 2010

Trying to maintain an academic career while serving as a caregiver for a family member or friend creates unique challenges. Based on first hand experience, this brief essay offers six ideas intended to help caregivers remain productive in their careers. These ideas may also offer insights for professors in general.
Representing Wholeness: Learning via Theatrical Productions
Authors: Elm Dawn R. , Taylor Steven S.
Published: March 2010

To facilitate learning in a complete way means engaging in a holistic experience of learning that includes both artistic and discursive forms of representation.This requires the learner to be wholly present in the moment and capable of understanding and linking both the rational and emotional dimensions of learning and knowing. Consistent with previous work in organizational and reflective learning, the authors suggest that the use of theatre is a powerful tool to create this wholeness, and present reflections on our experience regarding this supposition. The authors then discuss further applications of this experience to enhance learning.
Familial and Sporadic Breast Cancers
Authors: D’Eredita’ Giovanni , Giardina Carmela , Napoli Anna , Troilo Vito Leopoldo , Fischetti Fernando , Berardi Tommaso
Published: March 2010

In the present study, the authors investigated the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features in familial breast cancer (FBC) patients and compared them with findings in sporadic breast cancers (SBCs); hormone receptor status was stratified by age. A total of 849 patients treated for breast cancer were included in the study. The patients were stratified into 2 groups: FBC, 160 patients (19%), and SBC, 689 patients (81%). FBC tumors differed from SBC tumors by earlier age of diagnosis and low content of progesterone receptor (PR). These characteristics should be of value in evaluating the possibility of mutation and in targeting mutation screening in such families. PR gene polymorphism leads to an increased risk of breast cancer because it determines inadequate control of estrogen receptor (ER)-driven proliferative function. ER+/PR− tumors more frequently showed HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor) overexpression and represent a distinct subset in FBC patients. The authors suggest that late-onset FBCs need more intensive therapy and a more careful follow-up.
The Value of Children for Parents in the Minds of Emerging Adults
Authors: Aycicegi-Dinn Ayse , Kagitcibasi Cigdem
Published: March 2010

The value that children have for parents (i.e., social/traditional, economic/ utilitarian, and psychological—value of children [VOC]) is important in shedding light on parental goals and expectations regarding children, intergenerational relationships and a host of related factors that reflect the place of the child in family and society. VOCs also figure prominently in a theory of family change which informs this study. Young adults’ views regarding the value of children are important in the context of generational change. The present study focused on Turkish and American emerging adults, the former residing in urban/metropolitan, and rural settings. Students’ attitudes and values were compared to their perceptions of the attitudes and values of their parents. Comparisons across generations, cultures, and SES levels reflected changes over time and across geographical regions. Both differences and similarities between American and Turkish samples were obtained as well as between urban and rural settings. Differences in VOC across generations and socioeconomic/cultural comparison groups provided some support for Kagitcibasi’s family change theory.
Science Information in Fictional Movies: Effects of Context and Gender
Authors: Barriga Claudia A. , Shapiro Michael A. , Fernandez Marissa L.
Published: March 2010

The National Science Board and others are concerned that movies often miscommunicate science to the public with negative effects on science literacy and attitudes toward science. However, very little is known about the specific impact of movie science on audiences. This experiment examines the influence of narrative transportation, role of science within the movie, and gender of the viewer on evaluation of incorrect scientific information in fiction. Results show that incorrect science facts accepted as true after seeing identical segments from movies depend on the gender of the participant and a manipulation of the perceived centrality of science to the plot. Men tended to detect more inaccurate science facts when they thought science was central to the plot. Women detected more inaccurate science facts when they thought science was peripheral to the plot, which was presented as a relational story. The results may have implications for research on media effects, public understanding of science, and gender differences in learning.
Molecular Characterization of FXI Deficiency
Authors: Berber Ergul
Published: March 2010

Factor XI (FXI) deficiency is a rare autosomal bleeding disease associated with genetic defects in the FXI gene. It is a heterogeneous disorder with variable tendency in bleeding and variable causative FXI gene mutations. It is characterized as a cross-reacting material-negative (CRM—) FXI deficiency due to decreased FXI levels or cross-reacting material-positive (CRM+) FXI deficiency due to impaired FXI function. Increasing number of mutations has been reported in FXI mutation database, and most of the mutations are affecting serine protease (SP) domain of the protein. Functional characterization for the mutations helps to better understand the molecular basis of FXI deficiency. Prevalence of the disease is higher in certain populations such as Ashkenazi Jews. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the molecular basis of congenital FXI deficiency.
Hyperthyroidism and Venous Thrombosis: A Casual or Causal Association? A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Franchini Massimo , Lippi Giuseppe , Targher Giovanni
Published: March 2010

A kaleidoscope of coagulation disorders have been reported in patients with thyroid dysfunctions. Globally, these disorders involve both primary and secondary hemostasis and range from subclinical laboratory abnormalities to, more rarely, life-threatening hemorrhages or thrombotic events. While overt hypothyroidism appears to be associated with a bleeding tendency, hyperthyroidism emerged to have an increased risk of thrombotic events. In particular, a number of case reports have documented acute venous thrombosis complications in patients with overt hyperthyroidism, especially at cerebral sites. Nevertheless, further observational and intervention studies might be needed to provide a more definitive information on the clinical relevance of this association, along with the potential implication for prevention and treatment of coagulation-fibrinolytic abnormalities in patients with thyroid dysfunction.
Relationship and Injury Trends in the Homicide of Women Across the Life Span: A Research Note
Authors: Jordan Carol E. , Pritchard Adam J. , Duckett Danielle , Wilcox Pamela , Corey Tracey , Combest Mandy
Published: March 2010

In 2006, more than 3,600 women in the United States lost their lives to homicide. Descriptive data regarding homicides of women are beginning to reveal important complexities regarding victim—offender relationships, severity of injury, and age of female homicide victim. More specifically, there is some indication that the correlation between victim—offender relationship and injury severity may be conditional, depending on victim age. This retrospective review accessed medical examiner records of female homicide victims from 2002 through 2004, and its findings offer additional illumination on the trends in associations of injury and relationship variables in the homicide of women over their life span. The study also examined the utility of the recently proposed Homicide Injury Scale (HIS) created by Safarik and Jarvis as a potential tool to explore these complicated associations by quantifying injury severity and examining its interrelationships with victim—offender relationship and age in cases of female homicide in Kentucky.
Match or Mismatch: Strategy-Structure Configurations in the Service Business of Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Gebauer Heiko , Edvardsson Bo , Gustafsson Anders , Witell Lars
Published: March 2010

A new trend seems to be emerging for multinational manufacturing companies to make a strategic reorientation into becoming service providers. For some companies, such as Kone and IBM, the revenues from services are 50% or more of their total sales. Despite the increasing interest in exploring various aspects of the service part of the business in manufacturing companies, existing research has not focused on the interdependencies between different service strategies and organizational designs. This article studies different service strategies in manufacturing companies and highlights the organizational design necessary for implementing each service strategy. The service strategies explored are aftersales service providers, customer support service providers, outsourcing partners, and development partners. Each service strategy is supported by organizational design factors related to the service orientation of corporate culture, the service orientation of human resource management, and the service orientation of organizational structures. This research concludes that a specific strategy-structure configuration is needed in order to succeed with a chosen service strategy.
Postcolonial Tourism, Island Specificity, and Literary Representation: Observations on Derek Walcott’s Omeros
Authors: Carrigan Anthony
Published: March 2010

This article addresses the question of how postcolonial islands retain specificity while engaging with the often homogenizing processes of globalized mass tourism development. Assessing the contributions literary portrayals can make to such debates, it examines examples from Derek Walcott’s epic poem, Omeros, which takes the poet’s Caribbean island birthplace, St. Lucia, as its subject. It shows how, even as Walcott projects a critique of mass tourism’s exploitative excesses, his incorporation of tourism into aesthetic practice suggests that future development need not be inimical to cultural expression. It also argues that the poem’s epic form helps reinforce St. Lucian particularity in the face of destructive tourism development practices.
Lost in Space: Geography, Architecture and Culture in Eilís ni Dhuibhne’s The Bray House
Authors: Wightman Beth
Published: March 2010

It may seem redundant to suggest that “space matters” in postcolonial study, yet postcolonial criticism strangely and ironically elides the vast physical differences among formerly colonized spaces. Given that, in sheer numbers, islands formed roughly 70% of the total British Empire, how island geography influences postcolonial literary narratives of nation formation, both in formal and figurative senses, is a tantalizingly underexplored question. Eilís Ní Dhuibhne’s The Bray House transforms a British Robinsonian-island adventure tale into an ironic depiction of 20th-century Irish culture. Robin narrates Ní Dhuibhne’s novel, telling the story of the expedition, of Ireland before the accident, and of Sweden both before and since. The parallel with and parody of Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe in The Bray House extends beyond the joke that Ní Dhuibhne’s Robin is no one’s son. Ní Dhuibhne revises the relationships between architecture and geography found in Defoe’s protocolonial text. Where Defoe models both British nation and British colony in the image of Crusoe’s island estate, Ní Dhuibhne uses Defoe to interrogate the situation of postcolonial Ireland.
Australia, the Island Continent: How Contradictory Geography Shapes the National Imaginary
Authors: McMahon Elizabeth
Published: March 2010

This article argues that Australia reimagined its geopolitical identity in the mid-20th century by recollocating the two terms of its unique, contradictory status as an island continent. Whereas colonial Australia had stressed the continental element of this descriptor, the middle years of the 20th century witnessed a shift in self-perception that laid stress on Australia as an island. This article identifies a wide, interconnected range of reasons for this change that turns on the dilemma of national interiority. Where Walter Benjamin identified the correlation between the domestic interior of the bourgeois dwelling in modernity and the imagined interior life of its inhabitant, the Australian encounter with European modernism transposed this analogy onto the newly colonized interior of the continent itself. At this complex intersection between identity and space, this article argues, the dilemma of a national interiority in played out as a predicate of possession.
Barriers to process learning: Authority and anomie in regional clusters
Authors: Hibbert Paul , Huxham Chris , Sydow Jörg , Lerch Frank
Published: March 2010

In this article we consider the nature and implications of barriers to collaborative process learning that may occur in regional clusters. Our approach is rooted in research in interorganizational collaboration and focuses on interview-based research in photonics clusters in: Scotland and the West Midlands in the United Kingdom; Berlin-Brandenburg in Germany; and Arizona in the United States of America. From this research we develop characterizations of the barriers to collaborative process learning in clusters at three levels of analysis—the macro, micro and meso levels. We also develop an integrated conceptualization of these barriers, which reveals a difficult tension between ‘authority’ and ‘anomie’. This tension has implications for the management of process learning, but also connects with recent debate about whether learning is most helpfully understood as an individual or collective process.
The multidimensional nature of party competition
Authors: Albright Jeremy J.
Published: March 2010

Left—right is a convenient tool for summarizing the complexities of voter—party linkages in a manner that is comparable across contexts and that avoids the pathologies of preference aggregation in higher dimensions. Yet several reasons exist to believe that left—right is increasingly incapable of summarizing political behavior: the inability of left—right to capture policy concerns beyond economics and religion; the accumulation of new issue concerns over time; pressures for policy convergence stemming from the globalization of the world economy; and the decline of social cleavages that historically structured vote choice. This paper shows that parties are indeed talking about a growing number of issues, they are converging on the left—right scale, and the ideological cues they are sending to voters are growing increasingly ambiguous. Social democratic parties have in particular been affected by these trends.
Party policy position of Die Linke: A continuation of the PDS?
Authors: Coffé Hilde , Plassa Rebecca
Published: March 2010

In 2007, the German party Die Linke emerged as the result of the PDS (Party of Democratic Socialism; the successor of the Communist Party) merging with the WASG (Wahlalternative Arbeit und Soziale Gerechtigkeit; a break away left wing of the Social Democrats). This article compares the policy position of Die Linke with the positions of the two merging partners. Using a recently developed computerized method, Wordscores, we investigate the differences between the merging partners and compare their policy positions with the position of Die Linke. We provide a systematic analysis of the parties’ positions with respect to the economic policy issue based on the manifestos of the three parties. The word scores estimates reveal significant differences between the two merging partners and show that Die Linke is positioned closer to the PDS with respect to the economic issue.
Emotional, self-conceptual, and relational characteristics of bullies and the bullied
Authors: Meland Eivind , Rydning Jan Henrik , Lobben Stian , Breidablik Hans-Johan , Ekeland Tor-Johan
Published: March 2010

Aims: To clarify distributions of emotional and somatic symptoms among different groups involved in bullying behaviour during early adolescence; to explore differences in social integration and self-perceptions; to explore how different cut-off limits for bullying behaviour may affect the impact of these measures; and to interpret our findings in the light of theories of identity that may suggest directions for interventions against bullying in schools. Methods: A cross-sectional study, based on self-completion questionnaire, of 1237 pupils aged 11—15 years in autumn 2000 in Ålesund, Norway. Results: Bullies and their victims reported similar and greater emotional impairments and psychosomatic complaints, lack of self-confidence, and pessimism than students not involved in bullying. With increasing involvement, bullies differed from non-involved students only in regard to depressive complaints and pessimism. The bullied group reported more depressive, somatic and anxiety complaints, and self-reproach with increasing victimisation. Both bullies and the bullied reported problems relating to school, parents, and teachers. Bullies enjoyed friendships to the same degree or better than their peers not involved in bullying, whereas the bullied group reported impaired peer relations and increasing problems with more serious involvement. Bullies, the bullied, and bully-victims reported diminishing peer support in their class with increasing involvement. Conclusions: Both the bullied and bullies share relational, emotional, and self-conceptual problems, but they also differ in whether they succeed in social arenas and to what extent they are affected by different emotional and self-conceptual problems. They are, however, fellow sufferers in many aspects.
Statistical Analysis of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds in an Experimental Project: Identification and Transport Analysis
Authors: Hachem C. , Chaubey Y. , Fazio P. , Rao J. , Bartlett K.
Published: March 2010

This paper is based on an experimental project that investigated the capacity of wood frame stud walls to restrain the movement of mould products from the stud cavity into an investigative chamber, representing the indoor environment. While the programme of the research includes the investigation of spores and microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), this paper reports only the analysis of MVOCs. Twenty full-scale wall specimens were constructed, incorporating six experimental factors (air leakage path patterns, mould presence, insulation, vapour barrier, sheathing material, and ambient humidity conditions). For each specimen, four VOC samples were taken simultaneously from the sampling chamber and from the stud cavity through the external sheathing, and one sample was taken from the background laboratory air for comparison. Multiple regression analysis was applied to identify the MVOCs, and subsequently to evaluate the effect of construction factors on the movement of these MVOCs through the envelope. Box—Cox transformation was applied prior to the regression analysis to normalise the data. Five VOCs were identified as related to the presence of mould in the stud cavity, at 5% level of significance. The transport of these MVOCs from the sampling chamber to the cavity was confirmed. However, no significant effect of the parameters related to wall configurations was detected.
Different Types and Settings of Kitchen Canopy Hoods and Particulate Exposure Conditions during Pan-frying of Beefsteak
Authors: Sjaastad Ann Kristin , Svendsen Kristin
Published: March 2010

The aim of this study was to compare four different kinds of canopy hoods in common use in private Norwegian households, in regard to their ability to protect the cook from exposure to particles from cooking fumes and to reduce the spreading of fume particles in the kitchen. The hoods were tested during pan-frying of beefsteak under different combinations of the following parameters: medium or maximum flow rate in the hood, two different heights above the stove and three different locations in the kitchen. The mass concentration of total particles in the breathing zone of the cook and the number concentration of particles in the size interval 0.3—0.5 μm in the kitchen was measured. To achieve the best possible effect of a kitchen canopy hood under the conditions described, it is best to mount it in a corner with a 60 cm distance to the stove and run it on the maximum flow rate. Also, it is best to install hoods that extract the polluted air out of the house rather than recycling it through a charcoal filter.
Diffusing Ideas for After Neoliberalism
Authors: Jenson Jane
Published: March 2010

By the mid-1990s neo-liberalism had begun to reach its economic, social and political limits. International as well national and even sub-national social policymakers in and concerned with Latin America and Europe began to converge around new ideas about doing social policy, characterized here as the social investment perspective. The first section of the article documents this convergence across two regions. The second section then identifies three social mechanisms that supported this convergence. The first began in the heyday of neo-liberalism, and involved opening space for legitimate alternatives. A second was the polysemic character of social investment as a quasi-concept that could penetrate and link numerous policy communities. The third was boundary-crossing, as distinctions that had separated analysis and action in the two regions fell away.
Global Welfare Regimes
Authors: Abu Sharkh Miriam , Gough Ian
Published: March 2010

This article tests the claim that a small number of distinct ‘welfare regimes’, combining institutional patterns and social welfare outcomes, can be identified across the developing world. It develops a methodology for clustering a large number of developing countries, identifying and ranking their welfare regimes, assessing their stability over the decade 1990—2000, and relating these to important structural variables. It confirms the distinction between three meta-welfare regimes: proto-welfare state regimes, informal security regimes and insecurity regimes. However, it discriminates between relatively successful and failing informal security regimes. Regime membership is ‘sticky’ over time, but has been modified by two global trends: the HIV-AIDS pandemic in Africa and the growing role of remittances in some countries.
Peer Effects in Team Sports: Empirical Evidence From NCAA Relay Teams
Authors: Depken Craig A. , Haglund Lisa E.
Published: March 2010

This article investigates whether peer effects manifest in the performance of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) 4 × 400 m men’s relay teams. We test whether increasing the average quality of team members has a nonlinear and ultimately deleterious impact on team performance, measured by, relay time. Using both absolute and relative performance measures we find that increasing average team member quality improves team performance but at a decreasing rate. The authors attribute these diminishing returns to negative peer effects after finding that relay teams comprised of higher quality runners are more likely to underperform relative to their predicted quality.
Designing Wonder: Complexity Made Simple or the Wii-Mote’s Galilean Edge
Authors: Tobias James
Published: March 2010

This article considers the Nintendo Wii console’s negotiation of tensions accruing in contemporary developments around “nice work,” “affective labor,” and “hyperindustrialism.” Learning and play have long been considered to “begin in wonder.” Observing that appliances made for us to “enjoy labor,” as one adversary in a recent Nintendo Wii title puts it, have a history, I show that hyperindustrial recreational appliances like the Wii design wonder for learning and play by deploying gestural-technical stylistics first prototyped in human-computer interaction design research. I apply ten stylistics of gestural interaction design to the Wii in order to articulate its differences from other interactive educational, recreational, and health devices. I conclude that the Wii increases bandwidth for player action with two distinct effects. First, it orients “wonder” as gestural-technical conduct, making an ethical claim to differentiate contemporary play and work, while, second, projecting an unprogrammed “signature effect” extended in a range of modifications by researchers and amateurs alike.
In Between the Accented and the Mainstream: Cutting across Boundaries in Kniven i Hjärtat
Authors: Nikunen Kaarina
Published: March 2010

The article discusses the Swedish fictional television drama Kniven i Hjärtat (KIH) as an accented drama depicting diasporic experience in contemporary Sweden. It is inspired by an ethnographic audience research conducted by the author among migrant teenagers. KIH, produced by Swedish public broadcasting company SVT (2004) is a mixture of realist drama and youth musical depicting life in Swedish multicultural suburb. It is argued that while KIH shares elements of Hamid Naficy?s (2001) concept of ? the accented? thematically and linguistically, the production of the series parts from Naficy?s understanding of the accented as alternative. Produced by the public service broadcasting company (SVT) KIH is situated in the mainstream media influenced by international television broadcasting, most evidently by the BBC. Moreover KIH seems to be berthed in the European public service broadcasting culture as it embraces the shifts in EBU?s multicultural policies.
A Shot at Half-Exposure: Asian Americans in Reality TV Shows
Authors: Wang Grace
Published: March 2010

While reality TV programs open up a space for greater representation of racialized minorities, they also adhere to, and authenticate, racialized narraand stereotypes by embodying them in the characters of “real” people. Through an analysis of Top Chef and Project Runway, this essay reveals how the narrative of the Asian “technical robot” has emerged as a stock character for Asian Americans in reality TV programs, flexibly applied to a range of fields where Asian Americans threaten to achieve success. By focusing on Asian Americans who have won reality TV competitions, this essay analyzes how supposedly neutral concepts such as talent and skill are racialized in the reality TV format specifically and in the contemporary U.S. context broadly. Such representations illustrate the very narrow ways that racialized minorities are allowed to integrate into the U.S. For the allegation that Asian Americans are technicians who lack creativity is a barrier that not only helps keep them from trantheir racialized labor niches but also serves as an explanation for why people of color cannot make it to the top of their professions.
Poems From Swimming in the Shallow End: A Collection-in-Progress
Authors: Raisor Philip
Published: March 2010

The seminal studies of Robert and Helen Lynd on Middletown (Muncie, Indiana) strongly influenced the author as a young high school student who grew up in Muncie. In time, he realized that the quantitative research of the Lynds (and later Theodore Caplow) accurately but incompletely captured his real experience. Over time, the author broadened his perspective, and these poems are the result of years of shaping narratives into a collection that reflects the growth of a small-town mind, not a disparaging phrase but an accurate reflection of the state of mind that keeps some people in their first communities.
Spontaneous Aortic Arch Thrombus Presenting as Acute Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Adams Corey , Nagpal A. David , Forbes Thomas L. , Lawlor D. Kirk , Chu Michael W. A.
Published: March 2010

We report a case of a 52-year-old male who presented with acute leg ischemia and underwent successful femoral embolectomy and fasciotomies. Investigations revealed a pedunculated mass in the aortic arch, floating under the innominate and left common carotid arteries. Urgent resection was performed through a longitudinal aortotomy with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and axillary artery perfusion to reveal a 2.5 × 1.5 cm pedunculated mass attached to the posterior aspect of the arch that was resected. Histology revealed thrombus material prompting lifelong systemic anticoagulation. On 3 months follow-up, the patient had returned to normal activities and computed tomography confirmed complete resection without recurrence. This case study demonstrates that spontaneous thrombus formation is possible in high-flow vascular regions such as the aortic arch and also confirms the importance of evaluating central sources of thromboemboli in patients presenting with acute limb ischemia. Urgent surgical removal is recommended and can be performed safely.
A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine for Sedation During Vascular Procedures
Authors: Huncke Tessa Kate , Adelman Mark , Jacobowitz Glenn , Maldonado Thomas , Bekker Alex
Published: March 2010

Objective: To examine the efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DEX) as a primary sedative during vascular procedures performed under monitored anesthesia care (MAC). A total of 55 patients were randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive either DEX 1.0 μg/kg load or DEX 0.5 μg/kg load versus midazolam (MDZ) boluses, the current standard of care. This was followed by a maintenance infusion of DEX versus a normal saline infusion for the control group. Midazolam was given in 0.5 mg increments to maintain an equivalent target level of sedation among the 3 study groups. Fentanyl was given in 25 μg increments to treat pain as needed. The percentage of DEX patients not requiring MDZ and the total dose of MDZ and fentanyl were compared to the control. Dexmedetomidine was efficacious as a sole sedative for 50% of patients. The total dose of MDZ and fentanyl was significantly less during the DEX infusions. Patient satisfaction was superior with DEX.
A Study of Patient Satisfaction Following Endothermal Ablation for Varicose Veins
Authors: Gandhi Ajay , Froghi Farid , Shepherd Amanda C. , Shalhoub Joseph , Lim Chung S. , Gohel Manjit S. , Davies Alun H.
Published: March 2010

Objective: To evaluate patient satisfaction following endothermal ablation for varicose veins (VVs). Methods: A 12-question survey was sent to consecutive patients treated with endothermal ablation—questions related to preprocedure symptoms, recurrence, further treatments, and patient satisfaction. Results: Questionnaires sent a median 12 (range 6-22) months postintervention were returned by 177 (60.0%) of 295 patients; 63 (35.6%) of 177 received treatment for recurrent VVs. Preintervention symptoms included aching (141 [79.7%] of 177), swelling (86 [48.6%] of 177), and heaviness (72 [40.7%] of 177). Improvements in preoperative symptoms were reported by 82.5% (146 of 177). Postintervention recurrence was reported by 87 (49.4%) of 177; 61 (70.1%) of 87 reported a few recurrent varicosities only. Further treatment was required by 11 (6.2%) of 177; 79 (44.6%) of 177 of patients reported no complications. The majority (151 [85.8%] of 176) were satisfied with their treatment. In all, 16 (25.4%) of 62 of patients treated for recurrent VVs were dissatisfied versus 9 (7.9%) of 114 of those with primary VVs (P = .0026). Conclusions: The majority of patients are satisfied with results following endothermal ablation. Dissatisfaction may be more likely following treatment for recurrent VVs.
An Evaluation of the Use of Carbon Dioxide Angiography in Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Lee Arvind D. , Hall Roger G.
Published: March 2010

Introduction: Renal dysfunction after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair is an increasingly recognised problem. Carbon dioxide (CO2) angiography has been used to limit the risk of contrast nephrotoxicity during endovascular procedures. This prospective study evaluates the performance of CO2 angiography during EVAR. Methods: Seventeen patients undergoing EVAR over a 12 month period were included. All were males with a median age of 74 (range 62-86) years. The median preoperative creatinine was 105 (range 77-165) µmol/L. CO2 angiography was used routinely in all patients for graft positioning. Contrast was used for completion angiograms and whenever CO2 did not satisfactorily demonstrate the anatomy. Results: All patients had successful deployment of stent graft. The median contrast usage was 59 (range 20-250)ml. CO 2 angiography successfully demonstrated the aortic and iliac bifurcation in all 17 cases and the renal artery anatomy in 9. 7 out of 17 patients had both CO2 and contrast completion angiography. CO2 correlated with contrast angiography in 6 of the 7 patients. There was no significant difference in pre and post-operative creatinine values (P >0.9; Wilcoxon test). Conclusion: CO2 angiography is a useful adjunct to contrast during the performance of EVAR and helps reduce contrast load and the risk of contrast nephrotoxicity.
Clinical Outcomes following the Microfracture Procedure for Chondral Defects of the Knee
Authors: Miller Bruce S. , Briggs Karen K. , Downie Brian , Steadman J. Richard
Published: March 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term outcome, following microfracture of the knee in a large patient group, using a random-effect model for longitudinal data analysis. There were 350 subjects (males, 55%; females, 65%) who underwent knee microfracture by a single surgeon between 1992 and 2002. Mean age was 48 years (range, 12-76 years). Subjective questionnaires were collected from patients at 1 year postsurgery and each consecutive year thereafter. Of treated chondral lesions, 53% were traumatic lesions, and 47% were degenerative. Average initial follow-up was 4 years (range, 1-12 years). Outcome variables included Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale. Analysis showed that Lysholm score improved during the first 2 years following microfracture. After 2 years, the score remained steady with a slight decline but remained above preoperative level through the study period. There was no significant difference in the improvement of outcome over time between men and women ( P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in improvement of outcome over time between degenerative and traumatic chondral lesions ( P > 0.05). Subjects with traumatic lesions demonstrated a significant difference in trajectory of Lysholm scores over time by age (≤45 years, >45 years) ( P = 0.04). This study showed that there was no difference in improvement in outcome following microfracture between men and women or between degenerative and traumatic chondral lesions. However, there were age-dependent differences in the improvement in outcome over time.
The “Iowa Get Screened” Colon Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Levy Barcey T. , Daly Jeanette M. , Luxon Bruce , Merchant Mary L. , Xu Yinghui , Levitz Carly E. , Wilbur Jason K.
Published: March 2010

Objective:

To implement a colon cancer screening program for uninsured or underinsured Iowans.

Methods:

All 1995 uninsured patients or patients with Iowa Care insurance aged 50 to 64 years attending the University of Iowa Clinic or the Iowa City Free Medical Clinic were mailed information about the project. Recruitment also took place in person, by having the clinic receptionist hand subjects a research packet, and through community posters. Individuals with colonic symptoms or who were up to date with screening were ineligible. Eligible subjects received a free fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and those with positive FITs were provided with a colonoscopy at no cost to them.

Results:

Of 449 individuals who completed eligibility forms (23% of the study population), 297 (66%) were eligible and were provided with an FIT. Two-hundred thirty-five (79%) returned a stool sample, with 49 (21%) testing positive. Thirty of the 49 (61%) individuals had a colonoscopy, and 20 individuals had at least 1 polyp biopsied. Thirteen individuals had at least 1 tubular adenoma; 2 had adenomas more than 1 cm in diameter, with no colon cancers identified. Face-to-face recruitment had the highest rate of returned FITs (72%) compared with handing the subject a research packet (3%) or a mailing only (9%) (Chi-square, P < .001).

Conclusion:

There was high interest in and compliance with colon cancer screening using a FIT among underinsured individuals. Although the FIT positivity rate was higher than expected, many individuals did not complete recommended follow-up colonoscopies. Population-based strategies for offering FIT could significantly increase colon cancer screening among disadvantaged individuals, but programs will have to develop sustainable mechanisms to include the necessary organization and address substantial costs of providing mass screening, as well as facilitating and providing colonoscopies for those who test positive.