bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
News Report: A Blended Extensive Reading and Intensive Reading Activity
Authors: Do Dung Thi Thanh
Published: November 2017

Reading plays an important role in widening knowledge and learning languages, but it is also a challenge. Although Vietnamese learners often get higher marks in English reading tests in comparison to other skills, students low motivation to read and their lack of general background knowledge are obvious. This presentation introduces News Report, a blended Extensive Reading - Intensive Reading activity. The process is consisted of four stages: choosing news, summarizing, making a glossary and presenting. The activity is designed with an aim of establishing the reading habit for learners to widen their knowledge and learn the target language simultaneously. As observed, it is unlikely to formulate the reading habit this way but it helps to guide students how to read effectively on their own. Participants will learn a multi-purpose reading activity and know how to apply it on their own or in their classroom.
Sistemas médicos de emergencias, antecedentes y tendencias
Authors: Moreno Martín Gustavo
Published: November 2017

Sistemas médicos de emergencias, antecedentes y tendencias
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN PENGUNGKAPAN LINGKUNGAN BERDASARKAN ISO 14001 DI INDONESIA
Authors: Supatminingsih Sri
Published: November 2017

The purposes of this study were determine the level of environmental disclosure in Indonesia, examining differences in the level of environmental disclosure in ISO 14001 certified company between service firms and manufacturing companies. The study also examines the effect of corporate governance on environmental disclosure. Corporate governance is proxied as the number of commissioners, the proportion of independent commissioners, the number of commissioners meeting, the number of audit committee members, the proportion of independent audit committee members, and the number of audit committee meetings. In this study, firm size and industry type are used as control variables. Environmental disclosure is measured by the elements of ISO 14001. The sample in this study 60 companies certified ISO 14001 and 60 companies non certified ISO 14001 listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2009 and 2010. Sample selection is done by purposive sampling. Technical analysis is a classic assumption test, descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing using multiple regression, t-test, and Annova. The results showed the average environmental disclosures in Indonesia amounted to 60.71% for companies that certified ISO 14001 and 25.98% for companies that non certified ISO 14001. There are differences in the level of disclosure in the company's ISO 14001 certified between service firms and manufacturing companies. Based on test results using 0.05 significance level variables were significant positive effect on environmental disclosure is the proportion of independent audit committee. Control variables firm size and industry type on disclosure of environmental impact at the level of 10%.Key word : corporate governance, board of commissioners, audit committee, environmental disclosure.
PENGARUH PERSEPSI GURU ATAS GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN SITUASIONAL KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP KINERJA GURU AKUNTANSI SMK DI KOTA MADIUN
Authors: Ardiana Titin Eka
Published: November 2017

This study aims to determine: the influence of teachers perceptions on situational leadership style of theschool principal accounting teacher performance. This study uses a correlational study approach with samples taken from the accounting teacher in SMK Madiun incluster random sampling as much as 97 people. The variables of this study consists of one independent variables, namely: the perceptionof teachers on a situational leadership style of school head (X) and one dependent variable is: accounting teacher performance (Y). The data was collected using a structured question naire covered. Results of data collection were then analyze dusing regression analysis technique simple using SPSS version 20. The results show that: (1) perception of teachers on a situation a lleadership style of the principal and teacher performance category average accounting bothin the range of 50%, (2) the perception of teachers on a situational leadership style ofthe principal positive effect on teacher performance accounting with a contribution of  80,6%, remaining at 19,4% accounting teacher performance is determined by factors other than research. Keywords : teachers perceptions on situational leadership style of the school principal  and teacher performance accounting
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI BADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO DENGAN MOTIVASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Sundari Sundari , Okfitasari Antin
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study was to test the significance of the influence of communication, work environment on employee performance Regional Planning Agency Sukoharjo with motivation as an intervening variable. The population in this study were employees of the Regional Development Planning Agency Sukoharjo. The sample in this study all employees. Data used in the study is primary data taken with a list of statements given to all employees. The analysis tools used are validity , reliability testing, linearity test, path analysis, t test, F test, test and correlation coefficient of determination. Individual testing of the hypothesis showed that communication variables, working environment and significant positive effect on employee motivation. Variable communication, working environment and motivation positive and significant impact on employee performance. Together - each variable communication, working environment and motivation positive and significant impact on the performance variables. Direct influence on the performance of communication larger than the indirect effect of communication on performance through motivation. Motivation in mediating the relationship between communication with ineffective performance. Direct influence on the performance of the work environment is greater than the indirect effect of work environment on performance through motivation. Motivation in mediating the relationship between work environment with ineffective performance. Because motivation is not effective in mediating the relationship between communication and performance of the work environment with motivation serve as independent variables.Keywords :communication, work environment, motivation, performance
IFRS CONVERGENCE AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Arum Kusumaningdyah Adiati Trisninik Ratih Wulandari, Juliati,
Published: November 2017

This study aims at providing empirical evidence about the impacts of IFRS convergence on earnings management and examining the differences of the level of earnings management between before and after full IFRS convergence.The research objects were manufacturing companies registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for 4 years (2010-2013). The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The number of samples taken from the purposive sampling for each year was 85 companies. The main variables used in this study were IFRS and earnings management. The hypothesis analysis used multiple regression analysis of data by using discretionary accruals developed by Jones (1991) and the analysis of t-test difference test.The results show no difference between the earnings in the period of before and after convergence. The results of the difference test analysis also reveal that there is no difference in the level of earnings management between the period of before and after convergence. Based on this study it can be concluded that the IFRS convergence does not guarantee a decrease in earnings management of manufacturing companies listed on BEI.Keywords: earnings management, IFRS convergence, discretionary accrual
ANALISIS PAJAK REKLAME DI KABUPATEN PURWOREJO PERIODE 2012-2016
Authors: Trisninik Ratih Wulandari Arum Kusumaningdyah Adiati, Diessela Paravitasari,
Published: November 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan penerimaan pajak reklame di Kabupaten Purworejo selama tahun 2012 sampai dengan 2016. Perkembangan penerimaan pajak reklame ini selanjutnya digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai kendala dalam pemungutan pajak reklame dan mengidentifikasi berbagai upaya untuk mengoptimalkan pajak reklame.Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus di Kabupaten Purworejo dan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan wawancara. Metode observasi dilakukan dengan pengamatan langsung di BPPKAD Kabupaten Purworejo, sedangkan wawancara dilakukan melalui tanya jawab dengan pegawai BPPKAD di Kabupaten Purworejo.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat kontribusi pajak reklame selama kurun waktu lima tahun mengalami peningkatan, meskipun untuk jenis reklame papan/ billboard/ videotron/ megatron dan jenis reklame kain selalu berada dalam kriteria sangat kurang rata-rata 0,609% terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan 0,620% terhadap Pendapatan Pajak Daerah (PPD). Salah satu upaya untuk mengoptimalkan pajak reklame adalah dengan melakukan sosialisasi rutin dan merata kepada wajib pajak.Kata kunci: Pajak Reklame, Pajak Daerah, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Kontribusi Pajak.
Diabetes Awareness Among Patient's Attendant Visiting in Teaching Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Hridaya Bibhu , Parajuli P , KC Heera , Parajuli SB
Published: November 2017

IntroductionDiabetes is a prevalent non-communicable disease. It has  increasing global trend. In Nepal, the prevalence of diabetes is also increasing. Awareness is vital to  revent and early diagnosis of diabetes.ObjectivesThe objective of study was to assess the awareness of diabetes and its related factors.MethodologyThis was a hospital based cross sectional study. Total of 503 patient's a
A Combination Prosthesis Using Thimble Copings for Reconstruction of Mutilated Dentition: A Case Report at Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar
Authors: Warainch Robin Singh , Dali M , Naulakha D
Published: November 2017

Planning and executing the restorative rehabilitation of a severely mutilated dentition is one of the most challenging tasks for the restorative dentist. This case report illustrates an interdisciplinary approach in the treatment of a multifaceted case of partial loss of teeth. A series of provisional prosthesis were used before the final treatment due to extreme complexity of the patient situation. The final treatment was composed of innovatively designed thimble copings, telescopic retainer and cast metal frame work for the rehabilitation of the maxillary and mandibular arch.Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, page: 222-226
Severe ARDS due to Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 Infection During Pregnancy Followed by Intrauterine Fetal Death at Alka Hospital, Lalitpur
Authors: Shrestha Gentle Sunder , Bhuju A , Manandhar DN , Sharma N
Published: November 2017

Pandemic due to Influenza A (H1N1) pdm 09 has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pregnant women are at risk of severe disease and ARDS, with rapid progression of disease. There is increased risk of fetal loss. Little evidence exists regarding the management of ARDS in pregnancy. Here we report a case of H1N1 virus infection in a pregnant woman in third trimester complicated by severe ARDS and intra-uterine fetal death. Fetus was successfully expelled using vaginal Misoprostol, which was followed by improvement in oxygenation indices. However, the patient died of refractory hypotension. Influenza vaccination in the high risk population may be invaluable. Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 227-229
Disorder in the court: The approach to sex addiction in Canadian legal proceedings
Authors: Montgomery-Graham Stephanie
Published: November 2017

Hypersexual Disorder, often termed colloquially as sex addiction, does not appear as a diagnosis in the most recent edition of the DSM, as there was insufficient empirical support for the putative cluster of symptoms involving preoccupation with sexual thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Despite the lack of scientific evidence for a sex addiction diagnosis, the popular media continue to discuss sex addiction, and individuals continue to present clinically seeking assistance with their out-of-control sexual behaviours. Importantly, “sex addiction” is being led as a defence in criminal and civil matters in several jurisdictions. Building on a recent American case law review, the current research systematically sampled Canadian court, tribunal, and arbitral case law to query how these venues are addressing the concept of sex addiction. Case law was identified using the comprehensive Canadian legal database, Quicklaw, using an exhaustive list of key terms. Of the 111 cases identified and screened, 63 were excluded, and 48 were included in the review. Results indicate sex addiction is being used most commonly in criminal law and family law matters but is also used at arbitral and professional disciplinary hearings, as well as in administrative proceedings (including employment, human rights and immigration hearings). The current article presents examples of how sex addiction is being used in these venues and offers commentary on the ways in which legal and scientific epistemologies differ.
Interrater Reliability of Three Versions of the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory
Authors: Johnson Denise , Harris Jocelyn E. , Stratford Paul , Richardson Julie
Published: November 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the interrater reliability of three shortened versions of the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI-7, CAHAI-8, CAHAI-9) when used with persons with acquired brain injury (ABI). The CAHAI is an assessment of upper limb function with high reliability in the stroke and ABI populations. In the stroke population, three shortened versions of the measure have established reliability. Clinicians report time constraints as a barrier to using standardized assessments; thus, establishing the reliability of the shortened versions of the CAHAI in the ABI population may increase the use of this measure. Method: This was an observational, parameter estimation study. The participants were recruited from an in-patient ABI rehabilitation programme. The administration of the CAHAI to six persons with ABI was video recorded, and the video recordings were assessed by six clinicians to estimate interrater reliability. A Latin square design was used to balance the order in which the raters evaluated the videos. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed, and the variance components were used to calculate an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) with 95% confidence limits (CLs) for each of the shortened versions. Results: Interrater reliability was high for all three versions: CAHAI-7, ICC=0.96 (95% CL: 0.89, 0.99; SEM 2.65); CAHAI-8, ICC=0.96 (95% CL: 0.90, 0.99; SEM 2.72); and CAHAI-9, ICC=0.95 (95% CL: 0.85, 0.99; SEM 3.49). Conclusions: These results suggest that the three shortened versions of the CAHAI demonstrate high reliability in the ABI population. These versions may be particularly useful when time constraints or patient tolerance are an issue.
The definitive article
Authors: Ristroph Alice
Published: November 2017

Professors teach, and scholars theorize, something called ‘the’ criminal law. A new book by Lindsay Farmer is ostensibly about criminal laws in England over the past two centuries, but it shows that in that place and time there developed a concept of criminal law as a singular, cohesive, and enduring institution that can and should be theorized independently of any particular jurisdiction, statute, case, or code. The grip of this concept is powerful, this review essay argues. This way of thinking about criminal law now spans national borders – and it creates significant obstacles to penal reform in the United States and elsewhere. This review essay focuses on two implications of the modern understanding of ‘the’ criminal law: the claim that criminal law has some extra-legal nature, core, or essence and the conceptual divide between substance and procedure.
Slab albedo for linearly and quadratically anisotropic scattering kernel with modified FN method
Authors: Türeci R. G. , Türeci D.
Published: November 2017

One speed, time independent and homogeneous medium neutron transport equation is solved with the anisotropic scattering which includes both the linearly and the quadratically anisotropic scattering kernel. Having written Case's eigenfunctions and the orthogonality relations among of these eigenfunctions, slab albedo problem is investigated as numerically by using Modified FN method. Selected numerical results are pesented in tables.
The application of knowledge management and TRIZ for solving the safe shutdown capability of fire alarms in nuclear power plants
Authors: Wang C.-N. , Chen H.-P. , Hsueh M.-H. , Chin F.-L.
Published: November 2017

The Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011 has raised widespread concern over the safety of nuclear power plants. This study employed knowledge management in conjunction with the Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskih Zadatch (TRIZ) method in the formulation of a database to facilitate the evaluation of post-fire safe shutdown capability with the aim of safeguarding nuclear facilities in the event of fire. The proposed approach is meant to bring facilities in line with US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) standards. When implemented in a case study of an Asian nuclear power plant, our method proved highly effective in the detection of 22 cables that fell short of regulatory requirements, thereby reducing 850,000 paths to 0. This study could serve as reference for industry and academia in the development of systematic approaches to the upgrading of nuclear power plants.
Friction coefficient and limiter load test analysis by flexibility coefficient model of Hold-Down Spring of nuclear reactor vessel internals
Authors: Linjun Xie , Guohong Xue , Ming Zhang
Published: November 2017

The friction force between the contact surfaces of a reactor internal hold-down spring (HDS) and core barrel flanges can directly influence the axial stiffness of an HDS. However, friction coefficient cannot be obtained through theoretical analysis. This study performs a mathematical deduction of the physical model of an HDS. Moreover, a mathematical model of axial load P, displacement δ, and flexibility coefficient is established, and a set of test apparatuses is designed to simulate the preloading process of the HDS. According to the experimental research and theoretical analysis, P-δ curves and the flexibility coefficient λ are obtained in the loading processes of the HDS. The friction coefficient f of the M1000 HDS is further calculated as 0.224. The displacement limit load value (4,638 kN) can be obtained through a displacement limit experiment. With the friction coefficient considered, the theoretical load is 4,271 kN, which is relatively close to the experimental result. Thus, the friction coefficient exerts an influence on the displacement limit load P. The friction coefficient should be considered in the design analysis for HDS.
Dose assessment for emergency workers in early phase of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident
Authors: Sadeghi N. , Ahangari R. , Kasesaz Y. , Noori-kalkhoran O.
Published: November 2017

In the case of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FNP) accident, the radioactive material was released from reactor units 1–3 and transported to short and long distances due to the atmospheric pathways-motions. Power sources for monitoring posts were lost due to earthquake and tsunami. Based on air dose rates and other data measured by monitoring cars, the amount of radioactive material released to the atmosphere from the power station was obtained. The atmospheric dispersion and the transport model used in the RASCAL code, estimate the radionuclide concentrations downwind, both in the air and on the ground due to deposition. The calculated concentrations are then used to estimate the projected doses for workers in vicinity of the accident area in the first minutes of accident time. For dose modeling, we assumed that each worker was 15 min in vicinity of FNP in accident situation, once without and once with protective clothes or respirator. According to Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) report six workers had received doses over 250 mSv (309 to 678 mSv) apparently due to inhaling Iodine-131 fume. In this paper the calculated dose results using RASCAL code shows that, if emergency workers who work in early phase of accident had not used protective equipment, for 15 min, inhalation doses from iodine in their thyroid gland up to 12 March afternoon would have been 520 mSv. A comparison between calculation results and TEPCO report shows that dose calculated virtually is nearly equal to TEPCO measurement results.
Some uncertainty results obtained by the statistical version of the KARATE code system related to core design and safety analysis
Authors: Panka I. , Hegyi Gy. , Maráczy Cs. , Temesvári E.
Published: November 2017

The best-estimate KARATE code system has been widely used for core design calculations and simulations of slow transients of VVER reactors. Recently there has been an increasing need for assessing the uncertainties of such calculations by propagating the basic input uncertainties of the models through the full calculation chain. In order to determine the uncertainties of quantities of interest during the burnup, the statistical version of the KARATE code system has been elaborated. In the first part of the paper, the main features of the new code system are discussed. The applied statistical method is based on Monte-Carlo sampling of the considered input data taking into account mainly the covariance matrices of the cross sections and/or the technological uncertainties. In the second part of the paper, only the uncertainties of cross sections are considered and an equilibrium cycle related to a VVER-440 type reactor is investigated. The burnup dependence of the uncertainties of some safety related parameters (e.g. critical boron concentration, rod worth, feedback coefficients, assembly-wise radial power and burnup distribution) are discussed and compared to the recently used limits.
Modelling Human Resource Requirements for the Nuclear Industry in Europe
Authors: Roelofs F. , Flore M. , Estorff U. von
Published: November 2017

The European Human Resource Observatory for Nuclear (EHRO-N) provides the European Commission with essential data related to supply and demand for nuclear experts in the EU-28 and the enlargement and integration countries based on bottom-up information from the nuclear industry. The objective is to assess how the supply of experts for the nuclear industry responds to the needs for the same experts for present and future nuclear projects in the region. Complementary to the bottom-up approach taken by the EHRO-N team at JRC, a top-down modelling approach has been taken in a collaboration with NRG in the Netherlands. This top-down modelling approach focuses on the human resource requirements for operation, construction, decommissioning, and efforts for long term operation of nuclear power plants. This paper describes the top-down methodology, the model input, the main assumptions, and the results of the analyses.
Corticospinal tract atrophy and motor fMRI predict motor preservation after functional cerebral hemispherectomy
Authors: Wang Anthony C. , Ibrahim George M. , Poliakov Andrew V. , Wang Page I. , Fallah Aria , Mathern Gary W. , Buckley Robert T. , Collins Kelly , Weil Alexander G. , Shurtleff Hillary A. , Warner Molly H. , Perez Francisco A. , Shaw Dennis W. , Wright Jason N. , Saneto Russell P. , Novotny Edward J. , Lee Amy , Browd Samuel R. , Ojemann Jeffrey G.
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE

The potential loss of motor function after cerebral hemispherectomy is a common cause of anguish for patients, their families, and their physicians. The deficits these patients face are individually unique, but as a whole they provide a framework to understand the mechanisms underlying cortical reorganization of motor function. This study investigated whether preoperative functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could predict the postoperative preservation of hand motor function.

METHODS

Thirteen independent reviewers analyzed sensorimotor fMRI and colored fractional anisotropy (CoFA)–DTI maps in 25 patients undergoing functional hemispherectomy for treatment of intractable seizures. Pre- and postoperative gross hand motor function were categorized and correlated with fMRI and DTI findings, specifically, abnormally located motor activation on fMRI and corticospinal tract atrophy on DTI.

RESULTS

Normal sensorimotor cortical activation on preoperative fMRI was significantly associated with severe decline in postoperative motor function, demonstrating 92.9% sensitivity (95% CI 0.661–0.998) and 100% specificity (95% CI 0.715–1.00). Bilaterally robust, symmetric corticospinal tracts on CoFA-DTI maps were significantly associated with severe postoperative motor decline, demonstrating 85.7% sensitivity (95% CI 0.572–0.982) and 100% specificity (95% CI 0.715–1.00). Interpreting the fMR images, the reviewers achieved a Fleiss’ kappa coefficient (κ) for interrater agreement of κ = 0.69, indicating good agreement (p < 0.01). When interpreting the CoFA-DTI maps, the reviewers achieved κ = 0.64, again indicating good agreement (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Functional hemispherectomy offers a high potential for seizure freedom without debilitating functional deficits in certain instances. Patients likely to retain preoperative motor function can be identified prior to hemispherectomy, where fMRI or DTI suggests that cortical reorganization of motor function has occurred prior to the operation.
Mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet at Patriot Hills
Authors: Casassa Gino , Brecher Henry H. , Cárdenas Carlos , Rivera Andrés
Published: November 2017

Glaciological data collected at Patriot Hills, Antarctica (80°18'S, 81°22'W),
are used to assess the local mass balance of the ice sheet. The data were
collected during two field campaigns conducted by the Instituto Antartico Chileno
in January and November 1995. Measurements included surveying of stakes, and ice
thickness derived from discrete radar soundings with a ground-based high-frequency
impulse system.

Ablation occurred on the bare-ice field at the base of Patriot Hills, with a
maximum value of 7g cm −2a−1. Net
accumulation was detected away from the mountains, over the firn-covered area of
the glacier, with a maximum rate of 10 g cm 2
a−1 Ice thickens rapidly away from the mountains, reaching
a thickness of 383 m, the maximum range of the radar system, near the center of
the blue-ice field. No significant difference in surface elevation of the ice was
detected over the 305 d period, which indicates that the ice is in
near-equilibrium at Patriot Hills.
Comparison of ice-shelf creep flow simulations with ice-front motion of
Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, detected by SAR interferometry
Authors: Hulbe Christina L. , Rignot Eric , Macayeal Douglas R.
Published: November 2017

Comparison between numerical model ice-shelf flow simulations and synthetic
aperture radar (SAR) interferograms is used to study ice-flow dynamics at the
Hemmen Ice Rise (HIR) and Lassiter Coast (LC) corners of the iceberg-calving front
of the Filchnei—Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The interferograms are constructed
from SAR images provided by the European Space Agency's remote-sensing satellites
(ERS-1/2). Narrow bands of large shear strain rate are observed along the
boundaries between fast-flowing ice-shelf ice and no-flow boundaries. Large rifts,
opened where the ice shelf separates from the coast, appear to be filled with a
melange of sea ice, ice-shelf fragments, and snow. Trial and error is used to find
the best match between artificial interferograms, constructed from modelled ice
flow, and the observed interferograms. We find that at both HIR and LC, ice with
in the coastal boundary layers must be significantly softer than adjacent ice. At
HIR the rift-filling ice melange transmits stress from one ice-shelf fragment to
another; thus it must have mechanical competence and must moderate both separation
of the ice shelf from the coast and the release of icebergs. However, the ice
melange along the LC does not. The difference may be related to melange thickness,
which could vary in the two locations due to differences in sub-ice-shelf
oceanography or perhaps to regional atmospheric warming, currently under way along
the Antarctic Peninsula. Future warming could weaken the melange ice around HIR as
well, causing the ice shelf to lose contact with that shelf-front anchor.
Sensitivity of the divide position at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, to boundary
forcing
Authors: Nereson N. A. , Hindmarsh R. C. A. , Raymond C. F.
Published: November 2017

A linearized perturbation about a two-dimensional Vialov-Nyc ice-shect
profile is used to investigate the sensitivity of the divide position at Siple
Dome, West Antarctica, to small changes in the accumulation pattern and in the
elevation of its lateral boundaries at the margins of Ice Streams C and D.
Relaxation time-scales for the ice-sheet surface and divide position are derived
from the perturbation theory. For Siple Dome, these time-scales are short: 450 800
years for surface adjustment, and 200-350 years for divide position adjustment.
These short time-scales indicate that Siple Dome responds quickly to forcing at
its boundaries. Therefore, the recent migration of the Siple Dome divide
(determined from previous work) is probably a response to an ongoing, sustained
forcing rather than a response to a long-past climate event such as the transition
from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene.

Based on our analysis, the inferred rate of migration of the Siple Dome
divide could be attained by: (1) a steady increase in the south north spatial
accumulation gradient of 0.1-1.5 × 10−9 a
−2, or (2) a steady increase (decrease) in elevation of
the Siple Dome lateral boundary adjacent to a relict margin of Ice Stream D (Ice
Stream C) of 0.005-0.040 m a−1 over the past several thousand
years. The required forcing is quite small, and suggests that major changes in the
configuration of Ice Streams C and D associated with major changes in the
elevation at boundaries of Siple Dome have not occurred over the past several
thousand years.
Antarctic precipitation and its contribution to the global sea-level
budget
Authors: Bromwich David H. , Cullather Richard I. , Van Woert Michael L.
Published: November 2017

Antarctic precipitation estimations derived from several new sources are
examined in comparison to results found previously. The availability of analyzed
atmospheric datasets has been a significant and beneficial tool for atmospheric
and climate research for a broad range of research interests. This is particularly
true for the polar regions, where the observational arrays are sparsely
distributed. in high southern latitudes, a comprehensive assimilation of all
available observations, including satellite data, is necessary for an accurate
depiction of the atmospheric circulation. Recent st udies have found the
operational analyses of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts to
be superior to those of other weather-forecasting centers in depicting the
large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns over Antarctica. “Re-analysis”
programs at major weather-forecasting centers have produced atmospheric numerical
analyses using a “frozen” data-assimilation system. These projects have also
derived precipitation and evaporation fields using an ensemble of short-term
forecasts. From these new sources, Antarctic Ρ - E
(precipitation minus evaporation/sublimation) is compared and evaluated against
the long-term glaciological synthesis, as well as results from previous studies.
The comparisons indicate significant regional disagreements exist between
P — E from the re-analysis forecasts and the
glaciological data. For the ensemble forecasting method, the continental-average
evaporation is the largest area of uncertainty and differs by an order of
magnitude between the rc-analysis datasets. This finding supports the use of the
atmospheric moisture budget for determining P — E
collectively in atmospheric diagnostic studies for Antarctica.
Large spatial variation in accumulation rate in Jutulstraumen ice stream,
Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors: Melvold Kjetil , Hagen Jon Ove , Pinglot Jean Francis , Gunuestrup Niels
Published: November 2017

A mass-balance programme was initiated on Jutulstraumen ice stream, western
Dronning Maud Land,Antarctica, during the austral summer 1992-93. As a part of the
mass-balance programme, accumulation rate was measured along the centre line of
Jutulstraumen from the shelf edge up to the plateau at about 2500 m
a.s.l.

Accumulation distribution obtained from seven shallow firn cores and 48 slake
readings is presented. The overall net accumulation trend displays a decreasing
accumulation with increasing elevation and distance to coast, but on both the
mesoscale and microscale there are significant variations. This is due to complex
patterns of precipitation controlled by orography and redistribution by katabatic
winds. The local accumulation distribution (few km scale) was found to be
dependent on downslope surface gradient (aspect north, northwest), and variations
up to 100% were found over distances of less than 3 km. The large variation in
accumulation is important when selecting new core sites and for interpretation of
temporal and spatial variations in accumulation derived from firn cores.
Fluctuations of the East Antarctic ice-sheet margin since the last glaciation
from the stratigraphy of raised beach deposits along the Sôya Coast
Authors: Miura Hideki , Moriwaki Kiichi , Maemoku Hideaki , Hirakawa Kazuomi
Published: November 2017

The fluctuation of the East Antarctic ice-shect (EAIS) margin and relative
sea-level change since the last glaciation are discussed from the stratigraphy and
TAMS 14C ages of raised beach deposits in the northern part
of the Soya Coast.The beach deposits reveal two marine sediment layers with in
situ fossil shells of Laternula elliptica, and an
interbedded fluvial sediment layer. The l4C ages of fossils
in the lower, older marine beds ranged from 36 to 43 ka, and in the upper, younger
beds from 4.9 to 5.2 ka without reservoir correction. Neither marine layers nor in
situ fossil shells were disturbed by ice-sheet loading or scouring. The
interbedded fluvial sediments appear to have been deposited by a stronger fluvial
process than present meltwater activity in the area. These facts lead us to the
following conclusions: (1) marine transgression occurred during the last
interstadial around 40 ka or the Last Intcrglacial, and in the Holocene around 5
ka: (2) the EATS possibly retreated from the northern Sôya Coast prior to the Last
Glaciol Maximum (LGM); (3) the fluvial process may have occurred during a period
of low sea level which may have been a warmer period than the present, probably
during the late-Glaciol to postglaciol age; and (4) the EAIS did not rcadvance
over these sediments during or since the LGM.
Changes in climate, ocean and ice-sheet conditions in the Ross embayment,
Antarctica, at 6 ka
Authors: Steig Eric J. , Hart Charles P. , White James W. C. , Cunningham Wendy L. , Davis Mathew D. , Saltzman Eric S.
Published: November 2017

Evidence from the Ross embayment, Antarctica, suggests an abrupt cooling and
a concomitant increase in sea-ice cover at about 6000 BP (6 ka). Stable-isotope
(δD) concentrations in the Taylor Dome ice core, at the western edge of the Ross
embayment, decline rapidly after 6 ka, and continue to decline through the late
Holocene. Methanesulfonic acid concentrations at Taylor Dome show opposite trends
to δD Sediment cores from the western Ross Sea show a percentage minimum for the
sea-ice diatom Fragilariopsis curta between 9 and 6 ka,
whenTaylor Dome δD values are highest, followed by an increase through the late
Holocene. Radiocarbon dates from raised beach deposits indicate that the retreat
of ice shelves in the Ross embayment ceased at about 6 ka, coincident with the
environmental changes inferred from the sediment and ice-core records. The
similarity in timing suggests an important role for climate in controlling the
evolution of ice-shelf margins following the end of the last glaciation.
Analysis of coastal change in Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land, West
Antarctica, using Landsat imagery
Authors: Ferrigno Jane G. , Williams Richard S. , Rosanova Christine E. , Lucchitta Baerbel K. , Swithinbank Charles
Published: November 2017

The U.S. Geological Survey is using Landsat imagery from the early 1970s and
mid- to late 1980s/early 1990s to analyze glaciological features, compile a
glacier inventory, measure surface velocities of outlet glaciers, ice streams and
ice shelves, determine coastline change and calculate the area and volume of
iceberg calving in Antarctica.

Ice-surface velocities in Marie Byrd and Ellsworth Lands, West Antarctica,
range from the fast-moving Thwaites, Pine Island, Land and DeVicq Glaciers to the
slower-moving ice shelves. The average ice-front velocity during the time interval
of Landsat imagery, for the faster-moving outlet glaciers, was 2.9 km
a-1 for Thwaites Glacier, 2.4 km a-1
for Pine Island Glacier, 2.0 km a-1 for Land Glacier and 1.4
km a-1 for DeVicq Glacier.

Evaluation of coastal change from the early 1970s to the early 1990s shows
advance of the floating ice front in some coastal areas and recession in others,
with an overall small average advance in the entire coastal study area, but no
major trend towards advance or retreat. Comparison of average ice-surface
velocities with changes in the ice front has yielded estimates of iceberg calving.
The total iceberg calving from the Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land coasts
during the study period was greater than 8500 km2 (estimated
volume of about 2400 km-3) or an average of about 550
km3 a-1 (more than 150
km2 a-1). Almost 70% of this
discharge is contributed by Thwaites and Pine Island Glaciers.
The distribution and formative processes of latent-heat polynyas in East Antarctica
Authors: Massom R. A. , Harris P.T. , Michael Kelvin J. , Potter M.J.
Published: November 2017

A study of polynya characteristics in East Antarctica was undertaken using ice concentrations derived from special sensor microwave/imager data for the period July 1987-August 1994. The areas of polynyas were defined as having an ice concentration ≤75%. The analysis revealed a total of 28 coastal polynyas within the study region. The spatial and temporal variability in areal extent was quantified. The timing of mean maximum areal extent varied from June to October. The bathymetry and wind regime at each polynya site was examined to gauge the relative importance of these parameters in polynya formation and maintenance. In 20 locations, shallow banks and shoals form grounding zones for icebergs and anchoring sites for fast ice, which form barriers to the predominantly westward drift of the pack ice; elsewhere north-south coastal protrusions or alignments form similar barriers. The subsequent removal of newly formed sea ice from the lee of such barriers by katabatic and synoptic winds maintains areas of reduced ice concentration and open water. Very few coastal polynyas are attributed solely to katabatic outflow. The combined influence of bathymetry, topography and winds is responsible for the characteristics of the majority of polynyas. Many were considered to be marginal, characterised by occasional periods when the ice concentration falls below 75%. An analysis of annual winter totals of areas with ice concentrations < 75% shows no trends in total polynya areal extent over the period 1987-94. Known locations of emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) rookeries were also found to be associated with the locations of coastal polynyas.
Sea-ice pressure ridges in East Antarctica
Authors: Lytle Victoria I. , Worby A. P. , Massom R. A.
Published: November 2017

Sea-ice extent and concentration are routinely measured using satellite
sensors. However, regional estimates of sea-ice thickness cannot be measured
directly from space, and largely depend on field observations with in the pack
ice. One difficulty is estimating the amount of ice contained in pressure ridges.
These ridges can contribute substantially to the total ice volume, yet are highly
variable both spatially and temporally. Here we provide estimates of sea-ice ridge
height and frequency in the East Antarctic region around 65° S, 140° E. We
calculate ridge height distributions using high-resolution (< 1 m) digital
aerial photography collected in August 1995. Wc examine the ridge height
distribution and ridge concentration from near the coast of Antarctica northwards
to the marginal ice zone. The area-averaged volume of ice in ridges contributes
0.06-1.35 m to the undeformed ice thickness in winter. There is a band of less
deformed ice centred around 65° S, with more highly deformed ice to the south.
Similar features are identified in satellite synthetic aperture radar data
collected over the same region in August 1995 and 1996, and in observations of
sea-ice characteristics collected during field experiments.
Atmospheric drag coefficients of Weddell Sea ice computed from roughness
profiles
Authors: Fisher R. , Lytle Victoria I.
Published: November 2017

Sea ice is a highly mobile component of the Antarctic environment. Its
velocity and deformation are critical processes, important in global climate
models. These variables are determined by the balance of atmospheric and oceanic
forces on each ice Hoe and variations in these forcings, and can produce regions
ofdivcrgence or convergence. Surface drag coefficients relate the forces due to
wind or water to the stress applied to the ice floe. This study adds to the
limited drag coefficients reported previously for Antarctic data.

Surface elevation profiles were collected during two ship-based voyages to
the Weddell Sea in 1992 and 1994, and were also recorded on Ice Station Weddell in
1992. These data are used to derive surface drag coefficients using an empirical
formulation following Banke and others (1980). The eastern and western regions of
the Weddell Sea contain primarily first- and second-year ice, respectively.
Despite these different ice types, the drag coefficients calculated are similar.
The difieren! ice-drifl/wind-speed ratio in the two regions suggests a difference
in ocean currents, internal ice stress or water drag. The drag coefficients
calculated ranged between 1.2 X 10 −3 and 2.2 X 10
−3 The results compare well with other published Antarctic
coefficients, and are generally smaller than those reported for the
Arctic.
Radiometrie measurements of sea-ice surface temperature in East
Antarctica
Authors: Michael Kelvin J. , Hungria Clemente S. , Massom R. A.
Published: November 2017

This paper presents surface temperature data collected over East Antarctic
sea ice by two thermal infrared radiometers mounted on the RSV Aurora
Australis in March-May 1993. Operating at wavelengths equivalent
to those utilised by channels 4 and 5 of AVHRR and similar channels of ATSR, the
radiometers provided high-reso-lution data on surface (skin) temperature along the
ship track. Additional information on the sea-ice conditions was obtained from
hourly observations made from The ship's bridge, video footage and direct
measurements made at ice stations. Following calibration, time series of
temperatures from each of the radiometers were compared wi th ice-surface and
near-surface air temperatures. Observed changes in the surface temperature are
related to different snow and ice conditions. For a given air temperature, the
surface temperature depends upon the thickness of ice and its snow cover. While
open water areas (leads) have temperatures near -2.0°C, thick ice is characterised
by surface temperatures which approximate those of the air. Taken as a whole, the
along-track profile of surface temperature provides a proxy estimate of The
proportion of open water and thin ice with in the pack. The presence of a snow
cover has a significant effect on the surface temperature. It is anticipated that
the results will be of use in the validation of sea-ice models and satellite
thermal infrared data.
Intra-annual variability of Antarctic precipitation from weather forecasts and
high-resolution climate models
Authors: Genthon Christophe , Krinner Gerhard , Déqué Michel
Published: November 2017

The intra-annual variability of Antarctic precipitation from the European
Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts short-term meteorological forecasts and
from climate simulations by the ARPÈGE and LMD-Zoom general circulation models is
presented and discussed. The spatial resolution of forecasts and simulations is
high over the Antarctic region, about 100 km, so that the impact of topography and
small-scale atmospheric dynamics are better resolved than with more conventional
model grids (about 300 km). All the models and forecasts show that the seasonality
of precipitation is spatially very variable. Meridional coast-to-interior
contrasts are marked, but equally strong variations are unexpectedly found where
more homogeneity might be expected because of the homogeneity of the environment,
e.g. on the high Antarctic plateau. Neither the forecasts nor the simulations
confirm that precipitation is mostly maximum in winter over much of East
Antarctica as suggested by scarce and potentially unreliable observations
(Bromwich, 1988). Spring and fall maxima are quite frequent too, though summer
maxima are rare. Daily precipitation statistics show more spatial pattern, with
increasingly infrequent precipitation as distance from the coast toward the
interior of the ice sheet increases Several aspects of the intra-annual
variability of precipitation can be interpreted in terms of atmospheric dynamics,
but at both daily and seasonal time-scales the different forecasts and climate
simulations often locally and regionally disagree with each other. Discrimination
between models and their ability to reproduce the dynamics of Antarctic hydrology,
and progress on simulating such aspects of the Antarctic climate, is limited by
the lack of reliable observation of precipitation variability.
Antarctic sea-ice simulations with a coupled ocean/sea-ice model on a
telescoped grid
Authors: Wolff Jörg-Olaf
Published: November 2017

Results from a century-long integration of a coupled ocean/sea-ice model
covering the Southern Hemisphere are discussed. The model has a refined grid in a
60° sector south of Australia and is driven by climatological atmospheric
variables. The ocean/sea-ice system evolves into a thermal-mode behaviour, i.e.
strong vertical mixing produces a well-mixed, weakly stratified upper ocean in the
sea-ice zone, resulting in a thin ice cover with multiple polynyas in southern
winter. The time evolution of total ice area, however, is close to estimates from
satellite observations. The relative extrema of total sea-ice area are somewhat
underestimated.
Drift patterns in an Antarctic channel from a quasi-geostrophic model with
surface friction
Authors: Wolff Jörg-Olaf , Bye John A.T.
Published: November 2017

The surface layer of the Southern Ocean is subject to the action of wind,
waves and currents. We present solutions from a fine-resolution quasi-geostrophic
model with surface friction, which is driven by a specified mean and fluctuating
wind field, and predicts the surface current, and also the surface Stokes drift
due to the wavefield. The resulting flow patterns control the dispersion of
particles at the sea surface, and, using a proven Lagrangian algorithm, batches of
particles of specified draught can be injected into the flow at various locations
and tracked. The simulated patterns are compared with historical data on
dispersion and with drift-card and satellite-drogue studies in the Southern Ocean,
iceberg tracking and other studies to show the relative importance of dispersion
by synoptic variability in the atmosphere and mesoscale eddies in the
ocean.