bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extra-long interglacial in Northern Hemisphere during MISs 15-13 arising from limited extent of Arctic ice sheets in glacial MIS 14
Authors: Hao Qingzhen , Wang Luo , Oldfield Frank , Guo Zhengtang
Published: July 2015

Knowledge of the behavior of Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice sheets over the past million years is crucial for understanding the role of orbitally driven insolation changes on glacial/interglacial cycles. Here, based on the demonstrable link between changes in Chinese loess grain-size and NH ice-sheet extent, we use loess grain-size records to confirm that northern ice-sheets were restricted during marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 14. Thus, an unusually long NH interglacial climate of over 100 kyr persisted during MISs 15−13, much longer than expected from marine oxygen isotope records. Taking a global view of the paleoclimate records, MIS 14 inception seems to be a response to changes in Antarctic ice-sheets rather than to NH cooling. Orbital configuration in the two Polar regions shows that the onset of MIS 14 was forced by austral insolation changes, rather than by boreal summer insolation, as Milankovitch theory proposes. Our analysis of MIS 14 raises the possibility that southern insolation forcing may have played an important role in the inception of several other glacials. We suggest that the extra-long NH interglacial climate during MISs 15−13 provided favorable conditions for the second major dispersal episode of African hominins into Eurasia.
Landau levels and magneto-transport property of monolayer phosphorene
Authors: Zhou X. Y. , Zhang R. , Sun J. P. , Zou Y. L. , Zhang D. , Lou W. K. , Cheng F. , Zhou G. H. , Zhai F. , Chang Kai
Published: July 2015

We investigate theoretically the Landau levels (LLs) and magneto-transport properties of phosphorene under a perpendicular magnetic field within the framework of the effective k·p Hamiltonian and tight-binding (TB) model. At low field regime, we find that the LLs linearly depend both on the LL index n and magnetic field B, which is similar with that of conventional semiconductor two-dimensional electron gas. The Landau splittings of conduction and valence band are different and the wavefunctions corresponding to the LLs are strongly anisotropic due to the different anisotropic effective masses. An analytical expression for the LLs in low energy regime is obtained via solving the decoupled Hamiltonian, which agrees well with the numerical calculations. At high magnetic regime, a self-similar Hofstadter butterfly (HB) spectrum is obtained by using the TB model. The HB spectrum is consistent with the LL fan calculated from the effective k·p theory in a wide regime of magnetic fields. We find the LLs of phosphorene nanoribbon depend strongly on the ribbon orientation due to the anisotropic hopping parameters. The Hall and the longitudinal conductances (resistances) clearly reveal the structure of LLs.
Investigation of falsified documents via direct analyte-probed nanoextraction coupled to nanospray mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Huynh V. , Williams K. C. , Golden T. D. , Verbeck G. F.
Published: July 2015

Microscopy with direct analyte-probed nanoextraction coupled to nanospray ionization mass spectrometry (DAPNe-NSI-MS) is a direct extraction technique that extracts ultra-trace amounts of analyte.
Fingerprint analysis of Oxytropis falcate using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS)
Authors: Zhao Tang-Juan , Chen Juan , Shi Yan-Ping
Published: July 2015

Fingerprint analysis ofOxytropis falcateBunge using UPLC-ESI-MS was proposed for its quality control.
Asymmetric synthesis of pyrazoles and pyrazolones employing the reactivity of pyrazolin-5-one derivatives
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Mahajan Suruchi , Enders Dieter
Published: July 2015

The various catalytic asymmetric strategies employing organo- and metal-catalysts utilized pyrazolin-5-one derivatives for the synthesis of potentially bioactive enantiopure pyrazoles and pyrazolones are presented.
The copper-catalyzed synthesis of β-trifluoromethylated acrylonitriles and trifluoromethyl-substituted 2H-azirines
Authors: He Yu-Tao , Wang Qiang , Zhao Jiahui , Liu Xue-Yuan , Xu Peng-Fei , Liang Yong-Min
Published: July 2015

The direct assembly of acrylonitriles and valuable 2H-azirines from readily available starting materials is described.
Exploring electron pair behaviour in chemical bonds using the extracule density
Authors: Proud Adam J. , Mackenzie Dalton E. C. K. , Pearson Jason K.
Published: July 2015

Deformation of the electronic center-of-mass density reveals electron pair migration in the formation of non-covalent interactions.
Bioanalytical tools: half a century of application for potable reuse
Authors: Leusch Frederic D. L. , Snyder Shane A.
Published: July 2015

In vitro bioassays are often thought as novel tools by water stakeholders. They have, however, been used for over half a century in assessment of recycled water quality.
Single-molecule spectromicroscopy: a route towards sub-wavelength refractometry
Authors: Anikushina T. A. , Gladush M. G. , Gorshelev A. A. , Naumov A. V.
Published: July 2015

We suggest a novel approach for spatially resolved probing of local fluctuations of the refractive index n in solids by means of single-molecule (SM) spectroscopy. It is based on the dependence T1(n) of the effective radiative lifetime T1 of dye centres in solids on n due to the local-field effects. Detection of SM zero-phonon lines at low temperatures gives the values of the SM natural spectral linewidth (which is inversely proportional to T1) and makes it possible to reveal the distribution of the local n values in solids. Here we demonstrate this possibility on the example of amorphous polyethylene and polycrystalline naphthalene doped with terrylene. In particular, we show that the obtained distributions of lifetime limited spectral linewidths of terrylene molecules embedded into these matrices are due to the spatial fluctuations of the refractive index local values.
Anti-inflammatory effects of grape seed procyanidin B2 on a diabetic pancreas
Authors: Yin Wenbin , Li Baoying , Li Xiaoli , Yu Fei , Cai Qian , Zhang Zhen , Cheng Mei , Gao Haiqing
Published: July 2015

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased considerably in recent years, highlighting the importance of developing new therapeutic strategies.
Zwitterionic Ni(ii) complexes bearing pyrazolyl-ether-imidazolium ligands: synthesis, structural characterization and use in ethylene oligomerization
Authors: Ulbrich Ana H. D. P. S. , Milani Jorge L. S. , Roisnel Thierry , Carpentier Jean-François , Casagrande Osvaldo L.
Published: July 2015

Nickel complexes bearing pyrazolyl-ether-imidazolium monodentate ligands have been synthesized and their catalytic behavior in ethylene oligomerization has been investigated in homogeneous and biphasic phases.
Core-decomposition-facilitated fabrication of hollow rare-earth silicate nanowalnuts from core–shell structures via the Kirkendall effect
Authors: Zhou Wenli , Zou Rui , Yang Xianfeng , Huang Ningyu , Huang Junjian , Liang Hongbin , Wang Jing
Published: July 2015

The decomposition of YOHCO3 core facilitates the initial nucleation of Kirkendall nanovoids and accelerates the interfacial diffusion of Y2O3@SiO2 core@shell.
Ultra-stable small diameter hybrid transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes X–M–Y (X, Y = S, Se, Te; M = Mo, W, Nb, Ta): a computational study
Authors: Zhao Wen , Li Yuanchang , Duan Wenhui , Ding Feng
Published: July 2015

The two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) can be rolled into small one-dimensional (1D) nanotubes by breaking its symmetry.
A core/shell/satellite anticancer platform for 808 NIR light-driven multimodal imaging and combined chemo-/photothermal therapy
Authors: Yang Guixin , Lv Ruichan , He Fei , Qu Fengyu , Gai Shili , Du Shaokang , Wei Zibo , Yang Piaoping
Published: July 2015

A novel core/shell/satellite anti-cancer nanoplatform exhibits simultaneous multimodal imaging and synergistic chemo- and photothermal therapy when irradiated by a single 808 nm near infrared (NIR) light source.
Ag/g-C3N4catalyst with superior catalytic performance for the degradation of dyes: a borohydride-generated superoxide radical approach
Authors: Fu Yongsheng , Huang Ting , Zhang Lili , Zhu Junwu , Wang Xin
Published: July 2015

The Ag/g-C3N4catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance for the degradation of dyes by the assistance of the additional O˙−2 radicals generated from the reduction of dissolved oxygen during the oxidation of BH4−.
Rapid optimization of labeled ubiquitinated peptides for monitoring deubiquitinases activities
Authors: Ohayon Shimrit , Refua Maya , Brik Ashraf
Published: July 2015

A new synthetic approach is reported which enables the rapid synthesis of labeled-ubiquitinated peptides to facilitate optimization of deubiquitinases substrates.
2-Oxo promoted hydrophosphonylation & aerobic intramolecular nucleophilic displacement reaction
Authors: Battula Satyanarayana , Battini Narsaiah , Singh Deepika , Ahmed Qazi Naveed
Published: July 2015

Highly efficient catalyst free methods for the synthesis of α-hydroxy-β-oxo phosphonates (HOP) and α-oxoesters (OE) have been described for the first time. The existence of a 2-oxo group in α-oxoaldehydes (OA) was a key factor in promoting the reaction of the tervalent phosphite form towards activated aldehydes (OA) in the synthesis of HOP.
Functional surfaces obtained from emulsion polymerization using antimicrobial glycosylated block copolymers as surfactants
Authors: Álvarez-Paino Marta , Muñoz-Bonilla Alexandra , López-Fabal Fátima , Gómez-Garcés José L. , Heuts Johan P. A. , Fernández-García Marta
Published: July 2015

Antimicrobial surfaces were obtained from latex particles stabilized with amphiphilic block copolymer surfactants containing both quaternary ammonium and carbohydrate groups.
Ge@C three-dimensional porous particles as high-performance anode materials of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xiao Chengmao , Du Ning , Chen Yifan , Yu Jingxue , Zhao Wenjia , Yang Deren
Published: July 2015

We demonstrate the synthesis of Ge@C three-dimensional porous particles (Ge@C TPP) via the decomposition of magnesium germanide (Mg2Ge) and subsequent deposition of a carbon layer.
Supramolecular solvent based liquid–liquid microextraction of aluminum from water and hair samples prior to UV-visible spectrophotometric detection
Authors: Khan Mansoor , Soylak Mustafa
Published: July 2015

A new method for the microextraction of aluminum from water and hair samples has been developed using a supramolecular solvent (undecanol–tetrahydrofuran) prior to UV-visible spectrophotometric determination.
Scaffold-assisted synthesis of crystalline mesoporous titania materials
Authors: Marszewski M. , Jaroniec M.
Published: July 2015

Scaffold-assisted synthesis of crystalline mesoporous titania materials with controllable structural and crystalline properties.
A new type of acetylene gas sensor based on a hollow heterostructure
Authors: Lin Ying , Li Chao , Wei Wei , Li Yujia , Wen Shanpeng , Sun Dongming , Chen Yu , Ruan Shengping
Published: July 2015

A new type of acetylene gas sensor based on the hollow NiO/SnO2 heterostructure synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal method followed by calcination was fabricated.
Structure and thermo-mechanical properties of CTBN-grafted-GO modified epoxy/DDS composites
Authors: Konnola Raneesh , Joji Jinu , Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar , Joseph Kuruvilla
Published: July 2015

Carboxyl terminated poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) (CTBN) is grafted on to graphite oxide (GO) to prepare GCTBN in order to improve the dispersion and interfacial bonding between GO and epoxy resin in an epoxy/DDS system.
A catalyst-free rapid, practical and general synthesis of 2-substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones leading to luotonin B and E, bouchardatine and 8-norrutaecarpine
Authors: Rao K. Raghavendra , Mekala Ramamohan , Raghunadh Akula , Meruva Suresh Babu , Kumar S. Praveen , Kalita Dipak , Laxminarayana Eppakayala , Prasad Bagineni , Pal Manojit
Published: July 2015

Formamide has been identified as an ammonia surrogate in the construction of quinazolin-4(3H)-one ring leading to several alkaloids.
Fixed bed adsorption of diquat dibromide from aqueous solution using carbon nanotubes
Authors: Dichiara Anthony B. , Harlander Samuel F. , Rogers Reginald E.
Published: July 2015

Carbon nanotubes are increasingly studied as attractive adsorbents for wastewater treatment. The present work exploits the attributes of different types of CNTs in a fixed bed column for the dynamic uptake of diquat dibromide from aqueous solutions.
Quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-grafted agarose copolymers for multipurpose antibacterial applications
Authors: Xu Li Qun , Li Ning Ning , Chen Jiu Cun , Fu Guo Dong , Kang En-Tang
Published: July 2015

Polymeric quaternary ammonium salts-functionalized agarose not only exhibit good antibacterial activity in solution form, but also can be solidified to construct antibacterial surfaces.
Mn-doped CdS/ZnS/CdS QD-based fluorescent nanosensor for rapid, selective, and ultrasensitive detection of copper(ii) ion
Authors: Zhai Xiaoman , Gong Yunqian , Yang Wen , Kang Huaizhi , Zhang Xiaoling
Published: July 2015

Energy levels of Mn-doped QD-based nanosensor and the quenching mechanism of the nanosensor by Cu2+.
3D hierarchical Co3O4 microspheres with enhanced lithium-ion battery performance
Authors: Zhang Zichao , Li Li , Xu Qi , Cao Bingqiang
Published: July 2015

3D hierarchical Co3O4 microspheres are fabricated by a facile and green hydrothermal process. When applied as LIB anodes, the 3D urchin-like Co3O4 exhibit high reversible discharge capacity, excellent rate capability and good cycling performance.
Synthesis and characterization of nanofibrous hollow microspheres with tunable size and morphology via thermally induced phase separation technique
Authors: Feng Wei , Yin Zhiqi , Wang Weizhong , Chen Liang , Zhou Xiaojun , Qiu Kexin , Zhou Jianfeng , Zhang Yanzhong , He Chuanglong
Published: July 2015

Nanofibrous hollow microspheres with tunable size and morphology were fabricated by using the thermally induced phase separation technique.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding guides a cationic amphiphilic organocatalyst to highly stereoselective aldol reactions in water
Authors: Valdivielso Ángel M. , Catot Alba , Alfonso Ignacio , Jimeno Ciril
Published: July 2015

A novel amphiphilic acylguanidine organocatalyst using intramolecular hydrogen bonding as a key structural motif is efficient for asymmetric aldol reactions of ketones in water at neutral pH.
Improvement of lignin yield and purity from corncob in the presence of steam explosion and liquid hot pressured alcohol
Authors: Ouyang Xianhong , Wang Wenya , Yuan Qipeng , Li Shuangxi , Zhang Qiuxiang , Zhao Pengxiang
Published: July 2015

Non-food biomass such as corncob is a very abundant and promising feedstock for sustainable energy production in China.
Highly selective hydrogenation of CO2 into C2+ alcohols by homogeneous catalysis
Authors: Qian Qingli , Cui Meng , He Zhenhong , Wu Congyi , Zhu Qinggong , Zhang Zhaofu , Ma Jun , Yang Guanying , Zhang Jingjing , Han Buxing
Published: July 2015

Methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-methyl propanol, butanol, and 2-methyl butanol were produced in homogeneous CO2 hydrogenation with a selectivity for C2+ alcohols of 96.4%.
Magnetic titanium dioxide based nanomaterials: synthesis, characteristics, and photocatalytic application in pollutant degradation
Authors: Yao Hongbao , Fan Maohong , Wang Yujun , Luo Guangsheng , Fei Weiyang
Published: July 2015

Recent advances in synthesis methods, structure and enhanced photoactivity of magnetic titanium dioxide based photocatalysts are highlighted in this review.
Supercapacitors based on patronite–reduced graphene oxide hybrids: experimental and theoretical insights
Authors: Ratha Satyajit , Marri Subba R. , Lanzillo Nicholas A. , Moshkalev Stanislav , Nayak Saroj K. , Behera J. N. , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: July 2015

Experimental and theoretical investigations of VS4/RGO hybrids towards their possible application as supercapacitors for energy storage.
A one-step route to solubilised, purified or functionalised single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Clancy A. J. , Melbourne J. , Shaffer M. S. P.
Published: July 2015

The use of N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent for carbon nanotube reduction and dissolution allows simple and effective dissolution and purification.
Fabrication of superhydrophobic Au–Zn alloy surface on a zinc substrate for roll-down, self-cleaning and anti-corrosion properties
Authors: Cheng Yuanyuan , Lu Shixiang , Xu Wenguo , Wen Huidong , Wang Juan
Published: July 2015

Superhydrophobic Au–Zn alloy surfaces with the stable Cassie–Baxter state have been fabricated via immersion and annealing without any organic modification.
Ultrasound coating of polydimethylsiloxanes with antimicrobial enzymes
Authors: Lipovsky Anat , Thallinger Barbara , Perelshtein Ilana , Ludwig Roland , Sygmund Christoph , Nyanhongo Gibson S. , Guebitz Georg M. , Gedanken Aharon
Published: July 2015

Enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) nanoparticles were created by the ultrasonic waves and subsequently deposited on the PDMS surface. PDMS sheets treated for 3 min significantly reduce the amount of viableS. aureuscells as well as the total amount of biomass deposited on the surface.
Nanoparticle based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for biosensing applications
Authors: Shi Jingyu , Tian Feng , Lyu Jing , Yang Mo
Published: July 2015

Nanoparticle based FRET assays have higher energy transfer efficiency and better performance compared with traditional organic fluorophore based FRET assays.
Novel s-tetrazine-based dyes with enhanced two-photon absorption cross-section
Authors: Quinton Cassandre , Chi San-Hui , Dumas-Verdes Cécile , Audebert Pierre , Clavier Gilles , Perry Joseph W. , Alain-Rizzo Valérie
Published: July 2015

This paper reports the synthesis and the linear and non-linear absorption properties of a series of new tetrazine-based D–π–A–π–D and D–π–A type dyes.
How Age, Linguistic Status, and the Nature of the Auditory Scene Alter the Manner in Which Listening Comprehension Is Achieved in Multitalker Conversations
Authors: Avivi-Reich Meital , Jakubczyk Agnes , Daneman Meredyth , Schneider Bruce A.
Published: July 2015

Purpose

We investigated how age and linguistic status affected listeners' ability to follow and comprehend 3-talker conversations, and the extent to which individual differences in language proficiency predict speech comprehension under difficult listening conditions.

Method

Younger and older L1s as well as young L2s listened to 3-talker conversations, with or without spatial separation between talkers, in either quiet or against moderate or high 12-talker babble background, and were asked to answer questions regarding their contents.

Results

After compensating for individual differences in speech recognition, no significant differences in conversation comprehension were found among the groups. As expected, conversation comprehension decreased as babble level increased. Individual differences in reading comprehension skill contributed positively to performance in younger EL1s and in young EL2s to a lesser degree but not in older EL1s. Vocabulary knowledge was significantly and positively related to performance only at the intermediate babble level.

Conclusion

The results indicate that the manner in which spoken language comprehension is achieved is modulated by the listeners' age and linguistic status.
High‐performance dual‐channel InGaAs MOSFET for small signal RF applications
Authors: Adhikari M.S. , Singh Y.
Published: July 2015

An indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) dual‐channel metal–oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (DCMOSFET) for high‐frequency small signal applications is proposed. The gate electrode of the proposed device is placed in a trench to create two n‐channels in the p‐base. The simultaneous conduction of two channels provides significant improvement in all the performance parameters. Two‐dimensional (2D) simulations are performed to evaluate and compare the performance of the DCMOSFET with that of the conventional MOSFET. At 60 nm gate length, the proposed device provides 92% higher drain current, nearly two times improvement in peak transconductance, 50% increase in cutoff frequency and 74% higher maximum frequency of oscillation with better control over the short channel effects as compared with the conventional device.
Inductor‐link open H‐bridge topology‐based ZCS‐PWM bidirectional dc–dc converter with edge‐resonant switching cells
Authors: Mishima T. , Masuda S. , Nakaoka M.
Published: July 2015

A novel zero current soft‐switching (ZCS) pulse‐width modulation (PWM) bidirectional dc–dc converter (BDC) with non‐inverting polarity multi‐mode voltage regulations is presented. In the proposed BDC, all the power devices commutate in ZCS with the aid of single‐auxiliary switch‐based edge‐resonant cells; accordingly the switching power losses can be minimised. The effectiveness of the proposed BDC and its steady‐state characteristics are verified in experiments with a 500 W–50 kHz prototype.
Resonant enhanced parallel‐T topology for weak coupling wireless power transfer pickup applications
Authors: Guo Yao , Wei Guo , Zhu Chunbo , Lu Rengui , Song Kai
Published: July 2015

For the wireless power transfer (WPT) system, the transfer performance and the coupling coefficient are contradictory. In this paper, a novel parallel‐T resonant topology consists of a traditional parallel circuit and a T‐matching network for secondary side is proposed. With this method, a boosted voltage can be output to the load, since this topology has a resonant enhancement effect, and high Q value can be obtained at a low resonant frequency and low coil inductance. This feature makes it more suitable for weak coupling WPT applications. Besides, the proposed topology shows good frequency stability and adaptability to variations of load. Experimental results show that the output voltage gain improves by 757% compared with traditional series circuit, and reaches 85% total efficiency when the coupling coefficient is 0.046.
Charge-induced dipole vs. relativistically enhanced covalent interactions in Ar-tagged Au-Ag tetramers and pentamers
Authors: Shayeghi A. , Schäfer R. , Rayner D. M. , Johnston R. L. , Fielicke A.
Published: July 2015

Vibrational spectra of AunAgm+⋅Ark (n + m = 4, 5; k = 1-4) clusters are determined by far-infrared resonant multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy in the range ν̃=100-250 cm−1. The experimental spectra are assigned using density functional theory for geometries obtained by the Birmingham cluster genetic algorithm. Putative global minimum candidates of the Ar complexes are generated by adding Ar atoms to the AunAgm+ low energy isomers and subsequent local optimization. Differential Ar binding energies indicate exceptionally strong Au-Ar bonds in Au-rich clusters, leading to fundamental changes to the IR spectra. The stronger Ar binding is attributed to a relativistically enhanced covalent character of the Au-Ar bond, while in Au-rich species charge-induced dipole interactions overcompensate the relativistic affinity to Au. Moreover, not only the absolute composition but also the topologies are essential in the description of Ar binding to a certain cluster.
Influence of a strong longitudinal magnetic field on laser wakefield acceleration
Authors: Rassou S. , Bourdier A. , Drouin M.
Published: July 2015

Optimization of the beam quality and electronic trapped charge in the cavity are key issues of laser wake field acceleration. The effect of an initially applied uniform magnetic field, parallel to the direction of propagation of the pump pulse, on the laser wakefield is explored. First, an analytic model for the laser wakefield is built up in the case when such an external magnetic field is applied. Then, simulations are performed with a 3D quasi-cylindrical particle in cell code in the blowout (or bubble) regime. Transverse currents are generated at the rear of the bubble which amplify the longitudinal magnetic field. For several plasma and laser parameters, the wake shape is altered and trapping can be reduced or cancelled by the magnetic field. When considering optical injection, and when two counterpropagating waves interact with a rather high plasma density, trapping is not affected by the magnetic field. In this range of plasma and laser parameters, it is shown that the longitudinal magnetic field can reduce or even prevent self-injection and enhance beam quality.
Lattice model of linear telechelic polymer melts. I. Inclusion of chain semiflexibility in the lattice cluster theory
Authors: Xu Wen-Sheng , Freed Karl F.
Published: July 2015

The lattice cluster theory (LCT) for the thermodynamics of polymer systems has recently been reformulated to treat strongly interacting self-assembling polymers composed of fully flexible linear telechelic chains [J. Dudowicz and K. F. Freed, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 064902 (2012)]. Here, we further extend the LCT for linear telechelic polymer melts to include a description of chain semiflexibility, which is treated by introducing a bending energy penalty whenever a pair of consecutive bonds from a single chain lies along orthogonal directions. An analytical expression for the Helmholtz free energy is derived for the model of semiflexible linear telechelic polymer melts. The extension provides a theoretical tool for investigating the influence of chain stiffness on the thermodynamics of self-assembling telechelic polymers, and for further exploring the influence of self-assembly on glass formation in such systems.
Topology, length scales, and energetics of surfactant micelles
Authors: Dhakal Subas , Sureshkumar Radhakrishna
Published: July 2015

We study the morphology, energetics, and kinetics of a self-associating model cationic surfactant in water using large-scale coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations over time scales that allow for probing micelle recombination dynamics. We develop an algorithm to track micelle contours and quantify various microstructural features such as contour length distribution, persistence length, and mesh size. We predict reliably the end-cap energy and recombination time of micelles, directly from molecular simulations for the first time. We further consider the variation of solution viscosity as a function of salt concentration and show that branched and multiconnected structures govern the experimentally observed anomalous dependence of zero-shear viscosity on salt concentration. Overall, simulation predictions are in good agreement with experiments.
Fibonacci stairs and the Afraimovich-Pesin dimension for a stroboscopic section of a nonautonomous van der Pol oscillator
Authors: Semenova Nadezhda I. , Anishchenko Vadim S.
Published: July 2015

Statistics of Poincaré recurrences is studied in the stroboscopic section of trajectories of a nonautonomous van der Pol oscillator in the framework of the global approach. It is shown that when the oscillator frequency and the frequency of the external force are irrationally related, the set obtained stroboscopically is equivalent to the circle map. For small values of the external amplitude, the Fibonacci stairs is constructed for the golden and silver ratios and its universal properties are confirmed. It is established that the Afraimovich-Pesin dimension for the map in the stroboscopic section is αc = 1 for Diophantine irrational rotation numbers.
Broadband transient absorption spectroscopy with 1- and 2-photon excitations: Relaxation paths and cross sections of a triphenylamine dye in solution
Authors: Moreno J. , Dobryakov A. L. , Ioffe I. N. , Granovsky A. A. , Hecht S. , Kovalenko S. A.
Published: July 2015

1-photon (382 nm) and 2-photon (752 nm) excitations to the S1 state are applied to record and compare transient absorption spectra of a push-pull triphenylamine (TrP) dye in solution. After 1-photon excitation, ultrafast vibrational and structural molecular relaxations are detected on a 0.1 ps time scale in nonpolar hexane, while in polar acetonitrile, the spectral evolution is dominated by dipolar solvation. Upon 2-photon excitation, transient spectra in hexane reveal an unexpected growth of stimulated emission (SE) and excited-state absorption (ESA) bands. The behavior is explained by strong population transfer S1 → Sn due to resonant absorption of a third pump photon. Subsequent Sn → S1 internal conversion (with τ1 = 1 ps) prepares a very hot S1 state which cools down with τ2 = 13 ps. The pump pulse energy dependence proves the 2-photon origin of the bleach signal. At the same time, SE and ESA are strongly affected by higher-order pump absorptions that should be taken into account in nonlinear fluorescence applications. The 2-photon excitation cross sections σ(2) = 32 ⋅ 10−50 cm4 s at 752 nm are evaluated from the bleach signal.
Relativistic laser pulse compression in magnetized plasmas
Authors: Liang Yun , Sang Hai-Bo , Wan Feng , Lv Chong , Xie Bai-Song
Published: July 2015

The self-compression of a weak relativistic Gaussian laser pulse propagating in a magnetized plasma is investigated. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which describes the laser pulse amplitude evolution, is deduced and solved numerically. The pulse compression is observed in the cases of both left- and right-hand circular polarized lasers. It is found that the compressed velocity is increased for the left-hand circular polarized laser fields, while decreased for the right-hand ones, which is reinforced as the enhancement of the external magnetic field. We find a 100 fs left-hand circular polarized laser pulse is compressed in a magnetized (1757 T) plasma medium by more than ten times. The results in this paper indicate the possibility of generating particularly intense and short pulses.
Three-dimensional numerical analysis of hybrid heterojunction silicon wafer solar cells with heterojunction rear point contacts
Authors: Ling Zhi Peng , Duttagupta Shubham , Ma Fajun , Mueller Thomas , Aberle Armin G. , Stangl Rolf
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a three-dimensional numerical analysis of homojunction/heterojunction hybrid silicon wafer solar cells, featuring front-side full-area diffused homojunction contacts and rear-side heterojunction point contacts. Their device performance is compared with conventional full-area heterojunction solar cells as well as conventional diffused solar cells featuring locally diffused rear point contacts, for both front-emitter and rear-emitter configurations. A consistent set of simulation input parameters is obtained by calibrating the simulation program with intensity dependent lifetime measurements of the passivated regions and the contact regions of the various types of solar cells. We show that the best efficiency is obtained when a-Si:H is used for rear-side heterojunction point-contact formation. An optimization of the rear contact area fraction is required to balance between the gains in current and voltage and the loss in fill factor with shrinking rear contact area fraction. However, the corresponding optimal range for the rear-contact area fraction is found to be quite large (e.g. 20-60 % for hybrid front-emitter cells). Hybrid rear-emitter cells show a faster drop in the fill factor with decreasing rear contact area fraction compared to front-emitter cells, stemming from a higher series resistance contribution of the rear-side a-Si:H(p+) emitter compared to the rear-side a-Si:H(n+) back surface field layer. Overall, we show that hybrid silicon solar cells in a front-emitter configuration can outperform conventional heterojunction silicon solar cells as well as diffused solar cells with rear-side locally diffused point contacts.
Magnetocaloric effect and refrigeration cooling power in amorphous Gd7Ru3 alloys
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Kumar Rachana
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we report the magnetic, heat capacity and magneto-caloric effect (MCE) of amorphous Gd7Ru3 compound. Both, temperature dependent magnetization and heat capacity data reveals that two transitions at 58 K and 34 K. MCE has been calculated in terms of isothermal entropy change (ΔSM) and adiabatic temperature change (ΔTad) using the heat capacity data in different fields. The maximum values of ΔSM and ΔTad are 21 Jmol−1K−1 and 5 K respectively, for field change of 50 kOe whereas relative cooling power (RCP) is ∼735 J/kg for the same field change.
Survival of planets around shrinking stellar binaries
Authors: Muñoz Diego J. , Lai Dong
Published: July 2015

Significance

The detection of planets around binary stars (sometimes called “Tatooine planets”) in the last few years signified a major discovery in astronomy and posed a significant challenge to our understanding of planet formation. So far, the discovered circumbinary planets orbit relatively wide stellar binaries (with binary orbital period greater than 7 d) and have their orbital axes aligned with the binary axes. The theoretical/numerical work reported in this paper suggests that there may be a new population of circumbinary planets, which orbit around more-compact binaries (with periods less than a few days) and have their orbital axes misaligned with the binary axes. Current observational strategy inevitably misses this population of Tatooine planets, but future observations may reveal their existence.
Argument structures in Chinese university students’ argumentative writing
Authors: Liu Xinghua , Furneaux Clare
Published: July 2015

Situated within a Systemic Functional Linguistics genre paradigm, this study adopted a function-based linguistic approach to examine the argument structures in English writing produced by Chinese university students of English as foreign language (EFL). Their English writing was contrasted with three other sets of argumentative essays in order to explore differences and similarities in the use of argument structures. The four sets of essays were produced by three groups of university students: native English- and Chinese-speaking university students and Chinese university EFL students. Participants’ interviews and questionnaire responses were also collected. The study found that most native English-speaking participants used an analytical arguing strategy, while most Chinese-speaking university participants preferred a hortatory argument structure both in their English and Chinese writing. It was also found that Chinese participants’ English writing was influenced by both English and Chinese.
The complexity ofliao‘finish’ and its weakened formlein the Shangshui Dialect of Central Plains Mandarin, Henan Province
Authors: Chen Yujie
Published: July 2015

In the Shangshui dialect, a sub-branch of Central Plains Mandarin, the functional wordsliao55 /liao0andle0, both derived from the verbliao55‘finish’, yet present very complex functions, and both of them only partially correspond tole0in Standard Mandarin in function. It is found thatliao55and its weakened formliao0take on diverse functions as a verb, a resultative complement, a completive marker, a perfect, or a conditional marker, andle0shows a neat correspondence between its syntactic position and its grammatical meaning: the one directly attached to the main verb (M-le0) is a past perfective marker, and the other at the sentence final position (F-le0) is a marker indicating the change of a state, as in standard Mandarin. The co-occurrence ofliao55, M-le0and F-le0doesn’t represent the simple composition of the grammatical meanings of those elements, whileliao55…F-le0and M-le0…F-le0can be regarded as fixed constructions whose meanings are not completely transparent.Liao55and its weakened formliao0andle0constitute a semantic cluster centralized on the ‘finishing’ meaning. The superimposition of meanings is commonly presented in the usage ofliao55,liao0,le0and their combinational forms, which means each of them can take on several grammatical meanings simultaneously when they occur in a particular context, and it is the superimposing of meanings that motivates the development ofliao55from one function to others.Liao55andle0only partly overlap with the corresponding forms in other dialects or languages, which specify the phenomenon of trans-category correspondence proposed by Liu (2013).
The acquisition of dative alternation by German-English bilingual and English monolingual children
Authors: Woods Rebecca
Published: July 2015

The vulnerability of the syntax–semantics interface in simultaneous bilingual first language acquisition is still up for debate; while some scholars have found crosslinguistic transfer at this interface, others found no such influence. To determine which kinds of syntax–semantics interface phenomena may be vulnerable, this study examines the acquisition and use of dative alternation by German-English bilingual children and adults compared with English monolingual children and German and English monolingual adults.

The study shows that bilingual children interpret and comprehend dative constructions in English like their monolingual peers but their production of dative constructions in German is influenced by English. This suggests that syntax–semantics interface phenomena relating to the representation of verbs’ objects are vulnerable to influence. However, bilingual adults perform like monolinguals in both languages. These results suggest that any indeterminacy in the use of dative alternation in the adult state is due to L1 attrition rather than incomplete L1 acquisition.
Evidentiality and epistemic modality in Zhuang
Authors: Luo Yongxian
Published: July 2015

This paper discusses evidentiality and epistemic modality in Zhuang, a Tai language spoken in South China’s Guangxi Province and surrounding regions. A set of verbs of SPEAKING are found in Zhuang that describe the sources of information. These typically involve the grammaticalised markernau⁴which derives from a lexical verb meaning ‘say’, forming a rich array of expressions to mark direct and indirect speech, hearsay and other types of reported information, which carry a wide variety of evidential and epistemic overtones such as surprise, self-correction, mirativity, uncertainty, among others. A number of sentence-final particles, along with hedges and sensory verbs, are also found with these functions. Each of these conveys different degrees of reliability of the source of information.
First notes on the phonology and classification of the Bangru language of India
Authors: Bodt Timotheus A. , Lieberherr Ismael
Published: July 2015

This is the first description of the Bangru language spoken in a remote corner of Kurung Kumey district, Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. On the basis of our data and analysis, we identify Bangru as a Tibeto-Burman language with as its closest genetic relatives Miji and Hruso, spoken further to the southwest in East and West Kameng districts. Based on these preliminary data and their analysis, Bangru is described as having 18 distinctive consonants, seven distinctive simple vowels and three distinctive diphthong vowels. The basic syllable structure is Ci(G)V(Cf). Bangru is furthermore characterised by the retention of Proto-Tibeto-Burman prefixes as reduced syllables. This paper also provides additional evidence for the validity of Shafer’s ‘Hruso’, with Hruso itself as its most aberrant member.
Metaphor in language, discourse, and history
Authors: Nazar Leonardo
Published: July 2015

This paper is aimed at verifying the experiential motivation of metaphorical language in a diachronic perspective. More specifically, I have tried to identify how socio-historical-cultural conditions may affect the actualization of a metaphor. To this end, I have grounded this research on Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which presents the linguistic metaphors in language as resulting from a conceptual-level mapping between domains of knowledge. With this in mind, I have restricted the investigation to the evidence of the MORAL ACCOUNTING metaphor in medieval religious instruction texts in England. Linguistic evidence of this metaphor in the Early and High Middle Ages were extracted and aspects of MORAL INTERACTION they express were identified, tabulated and confronted. Lastly, I have sought explanations for the maintenance and variation in the actualization of the metaphor, both in the immediate context of doctrinal production and in the broader context of commercial practices. I have found that, side by side with a surprisingly similar number of occurrences, there is evidence of the highlighting of aspects of MORAL INTERACTION that are situated historically and discursively which considerably affect the frequency of the scenarios of realisation of this metaphor.
On using a dictionary to identify the basic senses of words
Authors: MacArthur Fiona
Published: July 2015

This article-cum-narrative reflects on the use — indeed usefulness — of a dictionary in helping the researcher to identify metaphorical and non-metaphorical uses of language. Focusing on a group of ‘saying’ verbs as they were used in a face-to-face conversation between a university lecturer and an undergraduate student, it describes a researcher’s attempts to use the dictionary recommended by the Pragglejaz Group in their seminal article on metaphor identification (2007) to discover what basic sense of different words might (or might not) motivate their metaphorical meaning in context. The quest to identify the basic meanings of these verbs using this dictionary was fraught with difficulties and led to a less than satisfactory dénouement.
A dictionary gives definitions, not decisions
Authors: Dorst Aletta G. , Reijnierse W.Gudrun
Published: July 2015

The use of a dictionary in metaphor identification may lead to conflicts between sense descriptions in the dictionary and analysts’ (native speaker) intuitions about word meanings. This paper offers suggestions for dealing with these conflicts by focusing on the descriptive rather than prescriptive role of the dictionary and the autonomy of the researcher. We argue that whether researchers decide to follow the dictionary or favour their own intuitions and specific interests is ultimately up to them, but they should aim to make their decisions as systematic and explicit as possible.
MIP, the corpus and dictionaries
Authors: Deignan Alice
Published: July 2015

MacArthur questions the use of the “Macmillan Dictionary” in metaphor identification. In this response, I argue that the ideal way of determining basic meaning is by analysis of concordance citations sampled from an appropriate corpus. This is demonstrated using a 1000 word sample of the concordance for say and its inflections, taken from the “British National Corpus”. It is shown that it is very difficult to identify separable senses, which calls into question whether say is actually a realisation of a mapping from writing to speaking. A dictionary developed on corpus principles is a good alternative to using corpus data directly. It is argued that learners’ dictionaries are more suitable than native speaker dictionaries for this purpose.
Ergodic universality of some topological dynamical systems
Authors: Quas Anthony , Soo Terry
Published: July 2015

The Krieger generator theorem says that every invertible ergodic measure-preserving system with finite measure-theoretic entropy can be embedded into a full shift with strictly greater topological entropy. We extend Krieger’s theorem to include toral automorphisms and, more generally, any topological dynamical system on a compact metric space that satisfies almost weak specification, asymptotic entropy expansiveness, and the small boundary property. As a corollary, one obtains a complete solution to a natural generalization of an open problem in Halmos’s 1956 book regarding an isomorphism invariant that he proposed.
𝐾-theory of endomorphisms via noncommutative motives
Authors: Blumberg Andrew , Gepner David , Tabuada Gonçalo
Published: July 2015

We extend the

K
K

-theory of endomorphisms functor from ordinary rings to (stable)

∞
\infty

-categories. We show that

K
E
n
d

(
−
)

\mathrm {KEnd}(-)

descends to the category of noncommutative motives, where it is corepresented by the noncommutative motive associated to the tensor algebra

S

[
t
]

\mathbb {S}[t]

of the sphere spectrum

S

\mathbb {S}

. Using this corepresentability result, we classify all the natural transformations of

K
E
n
d

(
−
)

\mathrm {KEnd}(-)

in terms of an integer plus a fraction between polynomials with constant term

1
1

; this solves a problem raised by Almkvist in the seventies. Finally, making use of the multiplicative coalgebra structure of

S

[
t
]

\mathbb {S}[t]

, we explain how the (rational) Witt vectors can also be recovered from the symmetric monoidal category of noncommutative motives. Along the way we show that the

K
0

K_0

-theory of endomorphisms of a connective ring spectrum

R
R

equals the

K
0

K_0

-theory of endomorphisms of the underlying ordinary ring

π
0

R

\pi _0R

.
Affine transformations and parallel lightlike vector fields on compact Lorentzian 3-manifolds
Authors: Boubel Charles , Mounoud Pierre
Published: July 2015

We describe the compact Lorentzian

3
3

-manifolds admitting a parallel lightlike vector field. The classification of compact Lorentzian

3
3

-manifolds admitting nonisometric affine diffeomorphisms follows, together with the complete description of these morphisms. Such a Lorentzian manifold is in some sense an equivariant deformation of a flat one.
Demographic Risk Factors for Alcohol-Related Aggression In and Around Licensed Venues
Authors: Zinkiewicz Lucy , Curtis Ashlee , Meurer Hannah , Miller Peter
Published: July 2015

Aims

Few studies have examined the role of gender and both area-level and individual socio-economic status (SES) as independent predictors of alcohol-related aggression (ARA) in and around licensed venues.

Methods

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between gender, area-level SES and individual SES (operationalised as occupational category) and ARA in and around licensed venues. The sample comprised 697 men and 649 women aged 16–47, who completed a patron intercept survey as part of a larger study assessing trends in harm and stakeholders' views surrounding local community level interventions in dealing with alcohol-related problems in the night-time economy.

Results

Binary logistic regression analyses showed that age, gender, occupational category, area-level SES and level of intoxication at time of interview were all significant predictors of involvement in ARA. Being male doubled the odds of involvement in ARA, while age was a protective factor. Blue collar workers had more than double the odds of ARA involvement of professionals, while those living in the most socio-economically disadvantaged areas were over twice as likely to report experiencing ARA compared to those living in the most advantaged areas. However, assessment of the predictive model by gender revealed that effects of age, occupational category and area-level SES were restricted to male participants, with greater intoxication no longer predictive.

Conclusions

ARA among patrons was significantly more likely to occur among men, those in blue collar occupations, and individuals living in low SES areas, suggesting both individual and area-level disadvantage may play a role in ARA.