bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scraping of a thin layer of viscoplastic fluid
Authors: Taylor-West J. J. , Hogg A. J.
Published: May 2024

We analyze the scraping of a thin layer of viscoplastic fluid residing on a horizontal surface by a translating rigid scraper. This motion generates a mound of fluid upstream of the scraper and a residual layer behind it, both of which are modelled using a shallow layer theory for a Bingham or Herschel-Bulkley fluid. The flows ahead of and behind the scraper are coupled by the motion in the gap under the scraper, which is driven both by the translation of the scraper and by the induced pressure gradient due to the difference in flow thickness upstream and downstream. When the gap between the scraper and the underlying surface is sufficiently small, we find that a steady state emerges after a relatively long transient and that en route to this state, the unsteady dynamics exhibit a variety of regimes that are self-similar to leading order. We construct these solutions explicitly and derive key scalings for the temporal development of the flowing viscoplastic layer, as well as identifying the timescales at which there are transitions between the regimes. These predictions are confirmed by comparison with results from the numerical integration of the full system. Finally, we report results from preliminary laboratory experiments, which are compared with predictions from the shallow-layer theory, obtaining reasonable agreement once a slip boundary condition is included in the model, as motivated by experimental observations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Analysis and design of wireless power transfer system with anti-misalignment constant voltage output characteristics
Authors: Wang Dangshu , Guan Zhimin , Wang Jing , Chang Menghu , Zhao Licong , Wang Xinxia
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to solve the problem of high output voltage fluctuation and low efficiency caused by the misalignment of the magnetic coupling structure in the wireless charging system for electric vehicles. To address these issues, this paper proposes a dual LCC-S wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on the double-D double-layer quadrature (DDDQ) coil, which can realize the anti-misalignment constant voltage output of the system.

Design/methodology/approach

First, this paper establishes the equivalent circuit of a WPT system based on dual LCC-S compensation topology and analyzes its constant-voltage output characteristics and the relationship between system transmission efficiency and coupling coefficient. 1. Quadruple D (Ahmad et al., 2019) and double-D quadrature pad (DDQP) (Chen et al., 2019) coils have good anti-misalignment in the transverse and longitudinal directions, but the magnetic induction intensity in the center of the coils is weak, making it difficult for the receiving coil to effectively couple to the magnetic field energy. 2. Based on the double-D quadrature (DDQ) structure coil that can eliminate the mutual inductance between coupling coils and cross-coupling, Gong et al. (2022a) proposed a parameter optimized LCC-LC series-parallel hybrid topology circuit, which ensures that the output current fluctuation is controlled within 5% only when the system is misaligned within the 50% range along the X direction, achieving constant current output with anti-misalignment. The magnetic coupling structure’s finite element simulation model is established to analyze the change in magnetic induction intensity and the system’s anti-misalignment characteristics when the coil offsets along the x and y axes. Finally, an experimental prototype is developed to verify the constant voltage output performance and anti-misalignment performance of the system, and the proposed anti-misalignment system is compared with the systems in existing literature, highlighting the advantages of this design.

Findings

The experimental results show that the system can achieve a constant voltage output of 48V under a time-varying load, and the output voltage fluctuates within ±5% of the set value within the range of ±60 mm lateral misalignment and ±72 mm longitudinal misalignment.

Originality/value

Based on the dual LCC-S WPT system, the mutual inductance between the same side coils is reduced by adding decoupling coils, and the anti-misalignment characteristics and output power of the system are improved in a certain range. It is aimed at improving the stability of the system output and transmission efficiency.
Research on improved active disturbance rejection control strategy for hydraulic-driven Stewart stabilization platform
Authors: Qu Xingyu , Li Zhenyang , Chen Qilong , Peng Chengkun , Wang Qinghe
Published: May 2024

Purpose

In response to the severe lag in tracking the response of the Stewart stability platform after adding overload, as well as the impact of nonlinear factors such as load and friction on stability accuracy, a new error attenuation function and a parallel stable platform active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy combining cascade extended state observer (ESO) are proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

First, through kinematic modeling of the Stewart platform, the relationship between the desired pose and the control quantities of the six hydraulic cylinders is obtained. Then, a linear nonlinear disturbance observer was established to observe noise and load, to enhance the system’s anti-interference ability. Finally, verification was conducted through simulation.

Findings

Finally, stability analysis was conducted on the cascaded observer. Experiments were carried out on a parallel stable platform with six degrees of freedom involving rotation and translation. In comparison to traditional PID and ADRC control methods, the proposed control strategy not only endows the stable platform with strong antiload disturbance capability but also exhibits faster response speed and higher stability accuracy.

Originality/value

A new error attenuation function is designed to address the lack of smoothness at d in the error attenuation function of the ADRC controller, reducing the system ripple caused by it. Finally, a combination of linear and nonlinear ESOs is introduced to enhance the system's response speed and its ability to observe noise and load disturbances. Stability analysis of the cascade observer is carried out, and experiments are conducted on a six-degree-of-freedom parallel stable platform with both rotational and translational motion.
Evaluating strategies to persist for digital platform firms in a post-digitalization era: an empirical evidence from Indian platform firms
Authors: Bourai Shatakshi , Arora Rahul , Yadav Neetu
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The dynamic and evolving nature of the market calls for attention to digital platform firms' survival strategies, building agility for persistence in a continuously changing business environment. In India, the government’s adoption of the Digital Policy is one such change in the business environment for the firms that impact almost all sectors. Such policies cause a disruption wherein digital platform firms must be agile and create a strategic response that will endure any changes. The present study attempts to gain insight into the competitive strategies adopted by the digital platform firms of the consumer durables industry in India, which are implemented to facilitate their growth.

Design/methodology/approach

The entire study is conducted in two phases. Phase one includes identifying strategies sampled digital platform firms adopted in response to the digitalization policy, and the second phase evaluates the significance of the adopted plans to persist.

Findings

While clubbing the 42 strategic responses to a few aggregate dimensions, the study found four types of responses adopted by the digital platform firms in the consumer durable industry to persist in the market. Using a two-step system, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach, the study found that all four dimensions are statistically significant, positively impacting these firms' profitability.

Practical implications

The study contributes to the knowledge base of strategic responses to persist for the incumbent platform firms in a dynamic business environment.

Originality/value

The study answers the pertinent research question of how such strategic decisions may be informed in favor of profitability.
Institutional pressure and responsible innovation: how big data analytics adoption drives manufacturing SMEs toward competitiveness
Authors: Riaz Adil , Ali Fouzia Hadi
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the influence of regulatory framework (RF), market dynamism (MDY), competitive intensity (CIN) and environmental public concern (EPC) on responsible innovation (RI) in the manufacturing SMEs of a developing country. Furthermore, the study examines the influence of RI on sustainable competitive advantage (SCA). Moreover, big data adoption (BDA) is used as a moderator between RI and SCA.

Design/methodology/approach

The study’s hypotheses are evaluated using the structural equation modeling methodology. The study collected data from a sample of 487 owners/managers of manufacturing SMEs using simple random sampling technique.

Findings

The results explain that RF, MDY, CIN and EPC significantly determine RI. Moreover, RI significantly determines SCA. Besides, BDA significantly moderates between RI and SCA.

Research limitations/implications

For manufacturing SMEs to obtain SCA, RI is essential, and BDA is crucial to meet changing consumer demands for environmentally friendly products. With more environment-friendly initiatives, the natural environment will become more sustainable. Moreover, this research offers a comprehensive perspective to the public regarding the extent to which manufacturing enterprises are adopting RI and BDA.

Originality/value

The majority of earlier research on RI and BDA has been carried out in the context of large businesses. Institutional theory was used to look into the drivers of RI. Furthermore, BDA is used as moderating variable between RI and SCA.
When employees become streamers: the mediating power of friendship and self-congruity
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Li Bin , Hua Nan , Zhang Pei
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of employee live streamers on consumers' purchase behaviors and brand image, as well as to understand the mediating roles of friendship and self-congruity.

Design/methodology/approach

A framework was proposed to explain the influence of employee live streamers' qualities on consumers' behaviors and brand image through the mediators of friendship and self-congruity. Primary data was collected from 225 valid survey responses in China, and the PLS-SEM analysis was employed to test the statistical significance of the hypothesized relationships.

Findings

The study found that four qualities of employee live streamers – trustworthiness, attractiveness, responsiveness and expertise – had significant effects on consumers' purchase behaviors and brand image through the mediators of self-congruity and friendship.

Originality/value

This research provides valuable insights into the varying roles of employee live streamers in consumers' decision-making and brand image formation. It offers a theoretical basis for scholars to understand the factors of PSI (parasocial interaction) between consumers and an employee streamer, contributing to the growing body of literature on live streaming and consumer behavior.
A novel adjusted real-time decision-making for dynamic distribution in the grocery supply chain
Authors: Geraeli Mohaddese , Roghanian Emad
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The current research has developed a novel method to update the decisions regarding real-time data, named the dynamic adjusted real-time decision-making (DARDEM), for updating the decisions of a grocery supply chain that avoids both frequent modifications of decisions and apathy. The DARDEM method is an integration of unsupervised machine learning and mathematical modeling. This study aims to propose a dynamic proposed a dynamic distribution structure and developed a bi-objective mixed-integer linear program to make distribution decisions along with supplier selection in the supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

The constantly changing environment of the grocery supply chains shows the necessity for dynamic distribution systems. In addition, new disruptive technologies of Industry 4.0, such as the Internet of Things, provide real-time data availability. Under such conditions, updating decisions has a crucial impact on the continued success of the supply chains. Optimization models have traditionally relied on estimated average input parameters, making it challenging to incorporate real-time data into their framework.

Findings

The proposed dynamic distribution and DARDEM method are studied in an e-grocery supply chain to minimize the total cost and complexity of the supply chain simultaneously. The proposed dynamic structure outperforms traditional distribution structures in a grocery supply chain, particularly when there is higher demand dispersion. The study showed that the DARDEM solution, the online solution, achieved an average difference of 1.54% compared to the offline solution, the optimal solution obtained in the presence of complete information. Moreover, the proposed method reduced the number of changes in downstream and upstream decisions by 30.32% and 40%, respectively, compared to the shortsighted approach.

Originality/value

Introducing a dynamic distribution structure in the supply chain that can effectively manage the challenges posed by real-time demand data, providing a balance between distribution stability and flexibility. The research develops a bi-objective mixed-integer linear program to make distribution decisions and supplier selections in the supply chain simultaneously. This model helps minimize the total cost and complexity of the e-grocery supply chain, providing valuable insights into decision-making processes. Developing a novel method to determine the status of the supply chain and online decision-making in the supply chain based on real-time data, enhancing the adaptability of the system to changing conditions. Implementing and analyzing the proposed MILP model and the developed real-time decision-making method in a case study in a grocery supply chain.
The association of home blood pressure with all‐cause mortality in hemodialysis patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Kontogiorgos Ioannis , Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Tsikliras Nikolaos C. , Leonidou Kallistheni , Vaios Vasilios , Roumeliotis Stefanos , Karpetas Antonios , Kantartzi Konstantia , Panagoutsos Stylianos , Liakopoulos Vassilios
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Prior observational studies conducted in the hemodialysis population have suggested a reverse association between dialysis‐unit blood pressure (BP) and mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic association of home versus dialysis‐unit BP with all‐cause mortality in hemodialysis patients.

Methods

At baseline, 146 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis underwent assessment of their BP with the following methods: (i) 2‐week averaged routine predialysis and postdialysis BP measurements; (ii) home BP monitoring for 1 week that included duplicate morning and evening BP measurements with the use of validated devices.

Results

Over a median follow‐up period of 38 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 22–54), 44 patients (31.1%) died. In Kaplan–Meier curves, predialysis and postdialysis systolic BP (SBP) was not associated with all‐cause mortality, while home SBP appeared to be of prognostic significance (log rank p = 0.029). After stratifying patients into quartiles, all‐cause mortality was lowest when home SBP was ranging from 128.1 to 136.8 mmHg (quartile 2). In univariate Cox regression analysis, using quartile 2 as a referent category, the risk of all‐cause mortality was 3.32‐fold higher in quartile 1, 1.53‐fold higher in quartile 3 and 3.25‐fold higher in quartile 4. The risk‐association remained unchanged after adjustment for several confounding factors (adjusted hazard ratio: 4.79, 1.79, 3.63 for quartiles 1, 3, and 4 of home systolic BP, respectively).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that among hemodialysis patients, 1‐week averaged home SBP is independently associated with all‐cause mortality. In sharp contrast, SBP recorded either before or after dialysis over 2 weeks is not prognostically informative.
Feasibility and safety of direct percutaneous embolization of lymphopseudoaneurysm for postoperative lymphatic leakage
Authors: Ozawa Mizuki , Sone Miyuki , Sugawara Shunsuke , Itou Chihiro , Kimura Shintaro , Arai Yasuaki , Kusumoto Masahiko
Published: May 2024

The treatment strategy for refractory postoperative lymphatic leakage is controversial. While the utility of direct percutaneous embolization of lymphopseudoaneurysm has been investigated, only a few reports on this topic exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical and clinical feasibility and safety of direct percutaneous embolization of lymphopseudoaneurysm for refractory postoperative lymphatic leakage. This case series included six consecutive patients who underwent direct percutaneous embolization of lymphopseudoaneurysm for refractory postoperative lymphatic leakage. Technical success (successful percutaneous approach and injection of NBCA glue to the lymphopseudoaneurysm), clinical success (unnecessity of percutaneous drainage tube of the lymphatic leakage), treatment duration (the duration from the treatment to the achievement of clinical success) and procedure‐related complications were mainly evaluated. Direct percutaneous embolization of the lymphopseudoaneurysm using NBCA glue was successfully performed in all cases. Clinical success was achieved in five of the six cases (83%). The mean treatment period was 9 days for the cases with clinical success. No major complications occurred postoperatively. In conclusion, direct percutaneous embolization of lymphopseudoaneurysm may become a feasible and safe treatment option for cases of refractory postoperative lymphatic leakage.
Characteristics of emerging new autoimmune diseases after COVID‐19 vaccination: A sub‐study by the COVAD group
Authors: Shumnalieva Russka , Ravichandran Naveen , Hannah Jennifer , Javaid Mahnoor , Darooka Naitica , Roy Debaditya , Gonzalez Daniel E. , Velikova Tsvetelina , Milchert Marcin , Kuwana Masataka , Joshi Mrudula , Gracia‐Ramos Abraham Edgar , Boyd Peter , Yaadav Praggya , Cheng Karen , Kobert Linda , Cavagna Lorenzo , Sen Parikshit , Day Jessica , Makol Ashima , Gutiérrez Carlos Enrique Toro , Caballero‐Uribe Carlo V. , Saha Sreoshy , Parodis Ioannis , Dey Dzifa , Nikiphorou Elena , Distler Oliver , Kadam Esha , Tan Ai Lyn , Shinjo Samuel Katsuyuki , Ziade Nelly , Knitza Johannes , Chinoy Hector , Aggarwal Rohit , Agarwal Vikas , Gupta Latika ,   COVAD Study Group
Published: May 2024

Background

Despite the overall safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccinations, rare cases of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) have been reported post‐vaccination. This study used a global survey to analyze SAIDs in susceptible individuals' post‐vaccination.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among participants with self‐reported new‐onset SAIDs using the COVID‐19 Vaccination in Autoimmune Diseases (COVAD) 2 study dataset—a validated, patient‐reported e‐survey—to analyze the long‐term safety of COVID‐19 vaccines. Baseline characteristics of patients with new‐onset SAIDs and vaccinated healthy controls (HCs) were compared after propensity score matching based on age and sex in a 1:4 ratio.

Results

Of 16 750 individuals, 74 (median age 52 years, 79.9% females, and 76.7% Caucasians) had new‐onset SAID post‐vaccination, mainly idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) (n = 23, 31.51%), arthritis (n = 15; 20.53%), and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) (n = 12, 16.40%). Higher odds of new‐onset SAIDs were noted among Caucasians (OR = 5.3; 95% CI = 2.9–9.7; p < .001) and Moderna vaccine recipients (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3–5.3; p = .004). New‐onset SAIDs were associated with AID multimorbidity (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1–1.7; p < .001), mental health disorders (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.3–1.9; p < .001), and mixed race (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2–4.2; p = .010), where those aged >60 years (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4–0.8; p = .007) and from high/medium human development index (HDI) countries (compared to very high HDI) reported fewer events than HCs.

Conclusion

This study reports a low occurrence of new‐onset SAIDs following COVID‐19 vaccination, primarily IIMs, PMR, and inflammatory arthritis. Identified risk factors included pre‐existing AID multimorbidity, mental health diseases, and mixed race. Revaccination was well tolerated by most patients; therefore, we recommend continuing COVID‐19 vaccination in the general population. However, long‐term studies are needed to understand the autoimmune phenomena arising post‐vaccination.
Expanding the role of CAR T‐cell therapy: From B‐cell hematological malignancies to autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Shumnalieva Russka , Velikova Tsvetelina , Monov Simeon
Published: May 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is a form of immunotherapy where the lymphocytes, mostly T‐cells, are redirected to specifically recognize and eliminate a target antigen by coupling them with CARs. The binding of CAR and target cell surface antigens leads to vigorous T cell activation and robust anti‐tumor immune responses. Areas of implication of CAR T‐cell therapies include mainly hematological malignancies (i.e., advanced B‐cell cancers); however, recent studies have proven the unprecedented success of the new immunotherapy also in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. We aim to review the recent advances in CAR T‐cell therapies in rheumatology but also to address the limitations of their use in the real clinical practice based on the data on their efficacy and safety.
Protein kinase C epsilon‐mediated modulation of T‐type calcium channels underlies alcohol withdrawal hyperexcitability in the midline thalamus
Authors: Shan Hong Qu , Smith Thuy , Klorig David C. , Godwin Dwayne W.
Published: May 2024

Background

Millions of people struggle with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Abrupt abstinence after a period of chronic alcohol use can precipitate the alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), which includes hyperexcitability and, potentially, seizures. We have shown that T‐type Ca2+ channels are novel, sensitive targets of alcohol, an effect that is dependent upon protein kinase C (PKC). The purpose of this study was to (1) understand midline thalamic neuronal hyperexcitability during alcohol withdrawal and its dependence on PKC; (2) characterize T channel functional changes using both current clamp and voltage clamp methods; and (3) determine which PKC isoform may be responsible for alcohol withdrawal (WD) effects.

Methods

Whole‐cell patch clamp recordings were performed in midline thalamic neurons in brain slices prepared from C57bl/6 mice that underwent chronic intermittent alcohol exposure in a standard vapor chamber model. The recordings were compared to those from air‐exposed controls. T‐channel inactivation curves and burst responses were acquired through voltage‐clamp and current‐clamp recordings, respectively.

Results

Whole‐cell voltage clamp recordings of native T‐type current exhibited a depolarizing shift in the voltage‐dependency of inactivation during alcohol withdrawal compared to air‐exposed controls. A PKCε translocation inhibitor peptide mitigated this change. Current clamp recordings demonstrated more spikes per burst during alcohol withdrawal. Consistent with voltage clamp findings, the PKCɛ translocation inhibitor peptide reduced the number of spikes per burst after WD.

Conclusion

We found that alcohol WD produces T channel‐mediated hyperexcitability in the midline thalamus, produced in part by a shift in the inactivation curve consistent with greater availability of T current. WD effects on T current inactivation were reduced to control levels by blocking PKCε translocation. Our results demonstrate that PKCε translocation plays an important role in the regulation of alcohol withdrawal‐induced hyperexcitability in midline thalamic circuitry.
Charting the course: America's energy crossroads and the quest for a sustainable future
Authors: Oprea Simona‐Vasilica , Bâra Adela
Published: May 2024

Energy and environment views of over 10,000 American respondents are captured in a complex survey created by the Pew Research Center (PRC). This paper is based on data collected during a panel wave that took place in May 2022. The survey aims to capture the nuanced perspectives of a nationally representative group of U.S. adults, with particular attention to ensuring participation from traditionally underrepresented or hard‐to‐reach demographics. To analyze the responses, we cluster raw and encoded data and identify the main groups of respondents and their characteristics. Three main clusters are identified using K‐means (silhouette score of .78) with a larger cluster “Mainstream Respondents” that shows moderate views on energy and environmental issues. The second cluster “Outliers or Niche Group” is the smallest cluster representing respondents with unique or extreme views, high income or education levels or specific demographic attributes that set them apart from the majority. The third cluster “Specific Interest Group” has moderate size and characteristics that are distinct but not as extreme as the second cluster. On the other hand, two more balanced clusters (4265/6017) are obtained with K‐modes (Davies–Bouldin Index 2.61) using the unencoded data: “Traditional Energy Advocates” highlights the cluster's preference for traditional energy sources over alternative or renewable energy sources (RES), and “Sustainable Future Supporters” emphasizes the cluster's support for environmental sustainability and RES. These names aim to succinctly capture the essence of each cluster's predominant attitudes toward energy and environmental issues, reflecting their preferences and priorities. The results are significant for understanding trends within the U.S. population, informing policymakers and contributing to academic research.
Counsellors' verbal behaviours and skills that elicit participants' change or sustain talk in virtual motivational interviewing for physical activity among older adults
Authors: Akinrolie Olayinka , Strachan Shaelyn , Webber Sandra C. , Chan Hong , Messner Karla , Barclay Ruth
Published: May 2024

Exploring the influence of counsellors' verbal behaviours on participants' utterances in virtual motivational interviewing (MI) could broaden our understanding of how MI works. This study aims to determine counsellors' behaviours that are more or less likely than chance to elicit participants' change talk and sustain talk during a virtual MI intervention to promote physical activity among older adults. A sequential analysis was used to examine the transitional probability between the counsellors' and participants' behaviours. Thirty‐five MI sessions were analysed from the virtual motivational interviewing (VIMINT) trial. MI‐consistent behaviours (MICO) were significantly more likely than chance to be followed by change talk, sustain talk and follow/neutral talk. MI‐inconsistent behaviours (MIIN) were more likely than chance to be followed by change talk, and ‘other’ counsellors' behaviours were more likely than chance to be followed by change talk and follow/neutral talk. In conclusion, all three types of counsellors' behaviours elicited change talk. This study re‐emphasizes the link between MICO, change and sustain talk. The influence of MIIN and ‘other’ behaviours on change talk needs to be explored further. This study has implications for MI training and the need for counsellors to continuously develop skills or behaviours consistent with MI principles.
Myositis ossificans mimicking bone surface osteosarcoma: case report with literature review
Authors: Werenski Joseph O , Hung Yin P , Chang Connie Y , Nielsen G Petur , Lozano‐Calderón Santiago A
Published: May 2024

Myositis ossificans, a benign tumor composed of spindle cells and osteoblasts, can clinically and radiologically mimic osteosarcoma. While recognition and accurate diagnosis of myositis ossificans can be a challenge, this is critical as it may allow a conservative surgical approach to maximize functional outcomes. Herein, we present a patient with surface myositis ossificans confirmed genetically by the presence of COL1A1::USP6 gene fusion, along with a literature review. Due to the enhanced visualization of the bone matrix, computed tomography (CT) imaging may be a superior imaging modality to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Staged biopsies with samples obtained from the periphery and center of the lesions may allow pathologists to discern the zonal distribution histologically. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular testing can aid in the distinction of myositis ossificans from mimics. Because of their resemblance to other bone tumors, these cases of myositis ossificans highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical, radiologic, and pathologic analysis and involving serial imaging, sampling, and judicious use of ancillary immunohistochemical and molecular testing.
Targeted microwave ablation for prostate cancer (FOSTINE1b): a prospective ‘ablate‐and‐resect’ study
Authors: Peltier Alexandre , van Velthoven Roland , Baudewyns Arthur , Assenmacher Grégoire , Lemort Marc , Lefebvre Yolene , Sirtaine Nicolas , Diamand Romain
Published: May 2024

Objective

To assess histopathological outcomes, as well as feasibility and safety of targeted microwave ablation (TMA) via the Trinity® system (KOELIS, La Tronche, France).

Patients and methods

Prospective, single‐institution, interventional Phase IIa study with an ‘ablate‐and‐resect’ design. In all, 11 patients diagnosed with localised prostate cancer (PCa) underwent TMA via the Trinity system under conscious sedation in an outpatient setting using a single transrectal TATO® 18‐G antenna with different treatment regimens. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) were conducted at 7 days and 1 month after TMA, respectively. Nine patients received RARP, and two patients chose to withdraw their consent following TMA. These men chose an active surveillance protocol upon confirmation of a low‐risk prostate cancer diagnosis. Functional outcomes and adverse events were evaluated at baseline and follow‐up visits using validated questionnaires. Prostate volumetry and confirmation of necrosis were carried out through MRI and whole‐mount histopathological examination.

Results

The TMA was successfully executed, and all patients were discharged on the same day. No severe adverse events (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Grade ≥3) were reported at the 7‐day and 1‐month follow‐up visits. Additionally, no declines were observed in urinary, sexual and ejaculation functional outcomes. T1‐weighted MRI revealed clear and well‐defined ablation zones. The RARP was executed without difficulty, particularly during the dissection of the posterior plane. As a result, no intraoperative complications were encountered. Histopathological assessment on surgical specimens confirmed the absence of viable cells, indicating complete necrosis of the ablative zone if a power intensity >10 W was used during TMA. Ablation zone volumetry revealed no notable distinctions between the three‐dimensional segmentation of the virtual ablation zone at TMA (median volume: 2 mL) and MRI (median volume: 1.923 mL). Conversely, a significant reduction was noted in the surgical specimen (median volume: 0.221 mL).

Conclusions

Targeted microwave ablation via the Trinity system for localised PCa treatment proves to be a secure and feasible procedure, with complete necrosis evidence within the ablation zone on surgical specimens.
Strike‐slip fault zone architecture and its effect on fluid migration in deep‐seated strata: Insights from the Central Tarim Basin
Authors: Liu Yin , Suppe John , Cao Yingchang , Wu Kongyou , Wang Jian , Du Yannan , Liu Yujie , Cao Zicheng
Published: May 2024

The internal fault architecture is crucial in assessing the significance of faults in fluid migration. The development of overlapping zones between segments and subsidiary structures is characteristic of a strike–slip faults. However, their internal architectures and roles in fluid migration are still poorly understood. The Tarim Basin's recently identified strike–slip faults imply that the petroleum resource is hosted in caves that were formed by subsequent dissolution after the formation of the fault zones in carbonate rocks, indicating that the internal fault architecture may be closely linked to the accumulation of petroleum. We investigated the architecture of the strike–slip fault zone using field, geochemical, seismic and well‐logging data. The results revealed that the strike–slip faults contain flower‐like structures in their vertical profiles and an en échelon and ‘X’ conjugate pattern in their horizontal slices. The fault core may become more complex because of the flower structure as fault breccia, slip surfaces, hydrothermal veins, dissolved pores and caves develop, and the damage zone contains multiple stages of fractures with high dip angles. Compared with ‘X’ pattern conjugate faults, NE‐trending strike–slip faults have a more developed and connected fault zone. The fault core acts as a fast conduit for fluid transport and experiences significant elemental losses, and the elemental variations in the damage zone may relate in long‐term and relatively lower‐level fluid–rock interactions. Three fault zone architecture models were created, namely, a releasing bend, a restraining bend and a single segment, and their controlling impacts on fluid migration were addressed accordingly. Our findings imply that fluid migration and accumulation are more favourable at the releasing bend than at the restraining bend and single segment.
Policy Interventions and Noncognitive Abilities of Children in Poor Areas: Effects and Mechanisms
Authors: Tian Yihao , Jin Mengyun , Shao Xuyang
Published: May 2024

Noncognitive abilities are the outcomes of long‐term investments in education and health. Changes in these abilities are critical to both the future development of individuals and the accumulation of national human capital. However, little attention has been paid to the noncognitive abilities of children in poor areas of China. Based on the China Family Panel Studies data and the differences‐in‐differences method, this study takes the Chinese government's implementation of the National Development Plan for Children in Poor Areas (2014–2020) as an entry point to examine the effects and mechanisms of policy interventions on children's noncognitive abilities in poor areas. We find that policy interventions significantly improve the noncognitive abilities of children in poor areas, with the main mechanisms of influence coming from two main pathways: the guarantee of children's education and the improvement of children's health. Specifically, rural girls, rural children from families in distress and those from families with less‐educated mothers were more sensitive to the policy and had more significant noncognitive improvement effects. After a series of robustness tests, these conclusions remain valid. This study enriches the corresponding research literature and provides useful policy insights on how to promote the holistic development of rural children in poor areas.
Human epididymis protein 4, a novel potential biomarker for diagnostic and prognosis monitoring of lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Chu Lanhe , Tan Wenchong , Ye Cuiping , Dong Hangming
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aimed to explore the application value of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in diagnosing and monitoring the prognosis of lung cancer.

Methods

First, TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) databases were used to analyze whey‐acidic‐protein 4‐disulfide bond core domain 2 (WFDC2) gene expression levels in lung cancer tissues. Then, a total of 160 individuals were enrolled, categorized into three groups: the lung cancer group (n = 80), the benign lesions group (n = 40), and the healthy controls group (n = 40). Serum HE4 levels and other biomarkers were quantified using an electro‐chemiluminescent immunoassay. Additionally, the expression of HE4 in tissues was analyzed through immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vitro cultures of human airway epithelial (human bronchial epithelial [HBE]) cells and various lung cancer cell lines (SPC/PC9/A594/H520) were utilized to detect HE4 levels via western blot (WB).

Results

Analysis of the TCGA and UALCAN (The University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal) databases showed that WFDC2 gene expression levels were upregulated in lung cancer tissues (p < 0.01). Compared with the control group and the benign group, HE4 was significantly higher in the serum of patients with lung cancer (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis confirmed that HE4 had better diagnostic efficacy than classical markers in the differential diagnosis of lung cancer and benign lesions and had the highest diagnostic value in lung adenocarcinoma (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.826). HE4 increased in early lung cancer and positively correlated with poor prognosis (p < 0.001). Moreover, the results of WB and IHC revealed that the expression of HE4 was increased in lung cancer cells (SPC/A549/H520) and lung cancer tissues but decreased in PC9 cells with a lack of exon EGFR19 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Serum HE4 emerges as a promising novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of lung cancer.
Endoscopic carbon dioxide insufflation treating malignant colonic intussusception
Authors: Mochida Kentaro , Ishibashi Fumiaki , Suzuki Sho
Published: May 2024

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Aortic, mitral and tricuspid valvular dysplasia in a 7‐month‐old colt
Authors: Bell Jillian , Shearer Patrick , Hale Josephine , Hughes Kristopher J.
Published: May 2024

A 7‐month‐old Warmblood cross colt was presented for the assessment of a laceration of the right hind pastern of 4‐days duration. At presentation, the colt was in poor body condition and had a rough, dull coat. Cardiac auscultation revealed a grade 5/6 pansystolic murmur on the left side and grade 4/6 continuous murmur on the left and right sides and a regular cardiac rhythm. Electrocardiographic examination confirmed sinus tachycardia. Echocardiographic examination showed malformation of the aortic and mitral valves, with associated regurgitation and evidence of left atrial and ventricular volume overload. Dysplasia of the mitral, tricuspid and aortic valves was confirmed by post‐mortem examination. Valvular dysplasia is a rare cause of cardiac failure in horses.
Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.–A multifunctional legume
Authors: de Sousa Isabela Brandão , de Oliveira Garcia Renata , Valls José Francisco Montenegro , Pacheco Georgia , Mansur Elisabeth
Published: May 2024

Arachis pintoi, commonly known as pinto or forage peanut, is used mainly in consortia with grass pastures and as cover plant. In addition to increasing the productivity of livestock and plantations, it contributes to the mitigation of environmental impacts (reduction of greenhouse gas emissions) and soil improvement (nitrogen fixation, reduction of fertilizers use), as well as to pests and disease management. Several cultivars that are tolerant to specific climates and soil conditions are suitable to be used as ground covers in agroforestry and silvopastoral systems, orchards, and plantations. Biotechnological and phytochemical investigations revealed the potential of pinto peanut as a sustainable source of resveratrol and other stilbenoids. Extracts from plants grown under natural conditions and from materials obtained in vitro displayed allelopathic, anthelmintic, or antioxidant activities. Other studies revealed the potential of pinto peanut for erosion control, phytoremediation, seed and essential oils production, materials for animal tissue engineering, synthesis of nanoparticles for drug delivery, and as green biorefineries to produce proteins, biochemicals, and biomaterials.
GLP‐1 agonists and hair loss: a call for further investigation
Authors: Desai Deesha D. , Sikora Michelle , Nohria Ambika , Bordone Lindsey , Caplan Avrom S. , Shapiro Jerry , Lo Sicco Kristen I.
Published: May 2024

The widespread adoption of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity has sparked investigations into their impact on hair health, an area characterized by diverse conjectures. Some propose potential risks such as disrupted hair growth cycles or premature androgenetic alopecia (AGA), while others suggest benefits linked to improved insulin sensitivity and enhanced scalp blood circulation. However, despite these theoretical underpinnings, clinical evidence linking GLP‐1 agonists to hair loss remains sparse. The necessity for vigilant patient monitoring and collaborative efforts cannot be overstressed in comprehensively addressing any potential consequences of GLP‐1 agonist therapy on hair health as their use continues to expand.
Robots et emploi: revue de la littérature
Authors: SHARFAEI Shahab
Published: May 2024

Les progrès rapides de la robotique pourraient avoir des conséquences majeures sur l’économie mondiale et les sciences économiques. L'auteur passe en revue la littérature récente consacrée à ce sujet en se plaçant de deux points de vue. Premièrement, il analyse les travaux théoriques concernant les effets de la robotisation sur l'emploi et la capacité de différentes théories à décrire ces effets. Deuxièmement, il évalue les études empiriques relatives à l'impact de la robotisation sur l’économie, plus précisément sur l'emploi et la relocalisation de la production. Il met en lumière les limites de la littérature et des pistes pour de futurs travaux.
What is nursing in advanced nursing practice? Applying theories and models to advanced nursing practice—A discursive review
Authors: Zhang Yuhan
Published: May 2024

Aim

This article appraises models and theories related to advanced nursing practice. It argues that while the role of the advanced nurse practitioner builds on and extends beyond traditional nursing, it remains firmly grounded in ‘caring’.

Background

The stereotype that nurses ‘care’ and doctors ‘cure’ is fading. Increasingly, nurses have crossed boundaries and conducted independent assessment, diagnosis, prescribing and consultation, which used to be the doctor's role. Confusion and argument have arisen due to the higher‐level practice of the advanced nurse practitioner, as many questions where these ‘doctor nurses’ stand.

Design

A literature review.

Data Sources

Databases, including CINAHL, Medline and Google Scholar, were searched.

Method

Databases were searched, and relevant studies and review articles from 1970 to 2023 were identified using the following keywords: ‘advanced nurse practitioner’, ‘nurse practitioner’, ‘advanced nursing’, ‘advance practice’, ‘nurse practitioner’, ‘nursing theory’ and ‘nursing model’.

Results

Although advanced nurse practitioners identify themselves as nurses, there is limited use of nursing theory to conceptualize this new level of practice and to define their contribution to the multi‐disciplinary team. It is noted that a holistic approach to personalized patient care, based on therapeutic relationships and effective communication, may help us identify the unique contribution of the advanced nurse practitioner.

Conclusions

The development of advanced nursing theory needs to capture this holistic approach and its caring element to recognize the value and strengthen the identity allegiance of this hybrid role.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Holistic approach and patient‐centred care, effective communication and the therapeutic relationship are strong characteristics relating to ANP practice, the latter of which is yet to be clearly defined and captured in nursing theories. Conceptualizing ANP practice and capturing their valuable nursing care will enable better understanding and clarity for the role to realize its full potential.
Exploring the pharmacological mechanism of Glycyrrhiza uralensis against KOA through integrating network pharmacology and experimental assessment
Authors: Xu Jianbo , Sun Qi , Qiu Min , Wu Yungang , Cheng Liangyan , Jiang Nanwan , Zhang Ruogu , Chen Jiali , Yuan Wenhua , Jin Hongting , Wang Weidong , Cai Yunhuo , Zhang Chunchun , Wang Pinger
Published: May 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a major health and economic problem facing older adults worldwide, is a degenerative joint disease. Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (GC) plays an integral role in many classic Chinese medicine prescriptions for treating knee osteoarthritis. Still, the role of GC in treating KOA is unclear. To explore the pharmacological mechanism of GC against KOA, UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS was conducted to detect the main compounds in GC. The therapeutic effect of GC on DMM‐induced osteoarthritic mice was assessed by histomorphology, μCT, behavioural tests, and immunohistochemical staining. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict the potential targets of GC against KOA. The predicted results were verified by immunohistochemical staining Animal experiments showed that GC had a protective effect on DMM‐induced KOA, mainly in the improvement of movement disorders, subchondral bone sclerosis and cartilage damage. A variety of flavonoids and triterpenoids were detected in GC via UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS, such as Naringenin. Seven core targets (JUN, MAPK3, MAPK1, AKT1, TP53, RELA and STAT3) and three main pathways (IL‐17, NF‐κB and TNF signalling pathways) were discovered through network pharmacology analysis that closely related to inflammatory response. Interestingly, molecular docking results showed that the active ingredient Naringenin had a good binding effect on anti‐inflammatory‐related proteins. In the verification experiment, after the intervention of GC, the expression levels of pp65 and F4/80 inflammatory indicators in the knee joint of KOA model mice were significantly downregulated. GC could improve the inflammatory environment in DMM‐induced osteoarthritic mice thus alleviating the physiological structure and dysfunction of the knee joint. GC might play an important role in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.