bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online Education and Digital Resource Construction: A Comparative Analysis of Basic Education in Mongolia and China
Authors: Jian Jiang
Published: February 2025

In order to cope with the challenges of unequal distribution of educational resources and the transformation of education models in the context of globalization, and to promote the modernization of basic education, this paper uses a combination of literature analysis, case studies and comparative analysis to discuss the construction of online education and digital resources in the field of basic education in Mongolia and China. The study finds that China has significant advantages in the penetration rate of online education, the coverage of digital resources and the depth of technology application, and has formed a government-led and multi-party resource co-construction and sharing model. Although Mongolia has made some progress in the construction of online education infrastructure, it is still facing problems such as lack of resources and imperfect sharing mechanism due to the economic conditions and technical level. There are also significant differences between the two countries in terms of educational philosophy, policy support, and technology application paths. Based on this, this paper proposes to strengthen China-Mongolia education cooperation, learn from China's successful experience in the construction of digital resources, and explore a development path suitable for Mongolia's national conditions in combination with its local characteristics. The results of this study provide theoretical reference and practical enlightenment for the digital transformation of basic education in China and Mongolia..
Advances, Applications, and Challenges of Federated Learning Technologies in the Financial Domain
Authors: Yuan Liu, Sha Wang, Xuan Nie
Published: February 2025

Through inquiry and discussion of various literatures, the current application status of federated learning technology in the financial field and the challenges it faces are analyzed. Federated learning technology is based on the concept of distributed learning and has been applied in anti-fraud, risk management, stock recommendation and other financial fields, and has achieved certain results. However, federated learning still faces many challenges in the financial field due to issues such as data heterogeneity, privacy protection, and model fusion. Future research directions include improving model fusion algorithms and improving security and privacy protection technologies.
Comparaison de la recherche d’information sur l’emploi de jeunes adultes non diplômés selon le genre
Authors: Chabot Julie , Supeno Eddy
Published: February 2025

Cette recherche a pour objectif de comparer le choix et la façon qu’ont de jeunes adultes non diplômés du secondaire du Québec de rechercher de l’information sur l’emploi auprès de sources informationnelles humaines selon leur genre d’appartenance. Cette analyse secondaire consiste en l’analyse thématique des données de 24 entretiens individuels semi‑dirigés. Les résultats documentent un recours différencié des sources informationnelles selon le genre en ce qui a trait à l’approche préconisée, l’importance accordée au lien de confiance et à la pérennité de la relation. Alors que la plupart des études sur le sujet s’intéressent essentiellement à de jeunes adultes scolarisés, cet article est le premier à documenter explicitement les différences de genre dans les pratiques informationnelles sur l’emploi chez de jeunes adultes non scolarisés au Québec.
Annie Oakley, Gender, and Guns: The "Champion Rifle Shot" and Gender Performance, 1860-1926
Authors: Cansler Sarah
Published: February 2025

Sharpshooter Annie Oakley’s enormous popularity provides a means of understanding how the public, through the viewpoints of reporters and commentators, discussed and understood the connection between gender and celebrity at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries. As a famous woman in an era rife with discussions about women’s rights and roles in society, Oakley’s popularity was inextricably related to ideas about gender. Oakley uniquely combined her talent at shooting, which many still viewed as a “man’s” sport, with her embodiment of appropriate feminine attributes like her clothing or mannerisms. Oakley’s performance of gender in the public sphere created her identity based on both her talent and on her femininity. She reveals ways in which she, as a famous woman, pushed the boundaries of expected gender roles and discourses in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and how reporters and audiences made sense of such a complex, multi-faceted, and public gender performance.
The Fair and Laissez-Faire Markets: From a Neoliberal Laissez-Faire Baseline to a Fair Market
Authors: Dixon Eric
Published: February 2025

The essay begins with a brief overview of the role of the neoliberal conception of the laissez-faire market in modern political economy. The essay then goes on to defend three claims: 1) the laissez-faire version of a market should not be considered the economic ideal or baseline version of a market because often the fundamental conditions required to reach a genuine equilibrium are unfulfilled under a laissez-faire environment, 2) a distribution resultant from a laissez-faire market should not be considered the ultima facie just distributive baseline because an unregulated market may allocate commodities according to morally arbitrary factors and requires social and state support and 3) under a fair market iteration of a market government intervention and state programs may be pursued in order to fulfill the fundamental conditions of a market so as to reach a genuine equilibrium and to address other fundamental social aims and moral concerns, such as distributive justice. While these claims involve the operation of markets generally, special attention is paid to the labor market as a key example.
FTY720 (Fingolimod) Provides Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Crawford Madelyn
Published: February 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a prolonged immune- mediated inflammatory response that targets myelin. Nearly all of the drugs approved for the treatment of MS are general immunosuppressants or only function in symptom management. The oral medication fingolimod, however, is reported to have direct therapeutic effects on cells of the central nervous system in addition to immunomodulatory functions. Fingolimod is known to interact with sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, and the most widely- accepted theory for its mechanism of action is functional antagonism of the receptor. This review examines significant neuromodulatory effects achieved by functional antagonism of the receptors S1P1 and S1P3 on astrocytes and speculates on the potential role of S1P receptors in the pathogenesis of MS.
The Business of Coupons-Do coupons lead to repeat purchases?
Authors: Ross Margaret P.
Published: February 2025

In recent years, couponing has emerged as a pop culture phenomenon. Businesses of all types are taking advantage of this resource by revamping their out-dated programs and turning them into something fresh to excite customers. Many questions remain unanswered concerning the viability, profitability, and usefulness of coupons. This study is an analysis of the effectiveness of coupons in enticing return purchases in the soft-drink category and the effectiveness of price discriminating at this grocery store chain. The dataset is comprised of household level grocery store transactions compiled by dunnhumby USA for 2,500 households over a period of two years. An ordinary least squares regression technique is employed to analyze the dollar sales and unit sales in the soft drink category before, during, and after coupon usage. Analysis of this sample leads to the conclusion that coupons are not effective in creating repeat purchases. However, coupons do an adequate job of price-discriminating and allow retailers to reach consumers who otherwise may not have tried a certain product.
Mathematically Modeling Fetal Electrocardiograms
Authors: Estes Samuel , Utsey Kiersten , Kalobwe Erick
Published: February 2025

Some of the most common and fatal birth defects are those related to the heart. In adults, possible heart conditions are often identified through the use of an electrocardiogram (ECG). However, due to the presence of other signals and noise in the recording, fetal electrocardiography has not yet proven effective in diagnosing these defects. This paper develops a mathematical model of three-dimensional heart vector trajectories, which was used to generate synthetic maternal and fetal ECG signals. The dipole model is a useful simplification in which the electrical activity of the heart is viewed as a single time-varying vector originating at the center of the body. A system of ordinary differential equations whose numerical solution approximates this cardiac dipole vector was used. To simulate the cardiac activity of both mother and fetus, two sets of these equations must be implemented. When implementing this model, various physiological factors must be accounted for. After realistic maternal and fetal dipole vectors have been simulated, they are projected onto random unit vectors representing the lead axes of the fECG. Noise is then added to the signal. Using this model a database of realistic, synthetic fECG signals with different parameter values and noise levels has been built. Currently algorithms to extract the fetal signal from the fECG are tested on a database of clinical recordings. Our synthetic database will allow for algorithms to be tested on a broader set of data.
How-to: Undergraduate Research
Authors: Lee Melissa , D'Aprile Franco , Seddighi Sahba , Lee Houck Alexander , Ford Evan , Beard Kristen
Published: February 2025

Here at Pursuit, we know the value of undergraduate research and believe it to be a vital
component of a complete undergraduate education. But, we know that research can seem
like a scary thing—something that overachievers in the sciences do as they are approaching
their senior years and thesis deadlines. We want to change that. In the next few pages, you
will find a guide, composed by the editors here at Pursuit, to finding and pursuing many of
the diferent types of undergraduate research.
Implementation of the "Indonesian Jamu Ritual" Concept as a Club Lounge Attraction at the Ritz Carlton Pacific Place
Authors:   Vocational Education Program, University of Indonesia, Mahadewi Mahadewi , Ramasuci Diva Carissa ,   Vocational Education Program, University of Indonesia
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to investigate the implementation of the concept of applying 'Indonesian Jamu Ritual' as a Club Lounge attraction at The Ritz Carlton Pacific Place. The concept is based on the use of traditional Indonesian herbal concoctions that have been used for centuries for health and beauty purposes. The research method used is a qualitative - descriptive approach using data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the use of the 'Indonesian Jamu Ritual' concept at the Club Lounge The Ritz Carlton Pacific Place can increase hotel guest satisfaction and provide an authentic and unique experience. The implementation of the concept is carried out by providing various types of herbs and traditional Indonesian herbal concoctions. The traditional music presented makes visitors feel like they are in the place where the herbal medicine comes from, which increases the authenticity and atmosphere of consuming herbal medicine. The recommendation from this research is for The Ritz Carlton Pacific Place to
continue to improve the implementation of the 'Indonesian Jamu Ritual' concept by adding a variety of herbs and other traditional Indonesian herbal concoctions, as well as improving the quality of service and guest experience by integrating broader elements of Indonesian culture.
Community Perceptions on Ecotourism Development in Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors:   Sebangau National Park, Yulianti Lisna , Pratiwi Yun ,   Borneo Nature Foundation Indonesia, Cheyne Susan M. ,   Oxford Brookes University, Kadhafi Andi Muhammad ,   Sebangau National Park (past)
Published: February 2025

Sebangau National Park (SNP), Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, is home to the world’s largest contiguous population of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) and a vast number of other fauna and flora. Ecotourism is a developing activity in this region and has the support of regional and national governments and possibilities for local, national and international tourism are extensive. In this case study we investigate perceptions of the local community in the village of Kereng Bangkirai to ecotourism through the following topics: 1) Ecotourism Development, 2) public tourist presence and visits, 3) how involved local people are in SNP management, 4) effects of ecotourism on local economic enterprise, 5) impact on community capacity building and 6) overall impacts of ecotourism to the local community. We interviewed 250 people using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, carried out in SPSS 30.0.0 (https://www.ibm.com/products/spss-statistics). We show that overall, there are positive benefits from the presence of the national park and tourists but not all interventions or actions by SNP are universally accepted. We showcase the importance of including local people in protected area management especially ecotourism. This format of involving local communities can be a model for other sites in Indonesia interested in implementing ecotourism activities.
Balancing Treatment Benefits and Risks of Severe Adverse Effects of Immunotherapy in Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alhaj Zachrieh , Almubaid Zaid , Alhaj Nada , Almosa Mohammed Omar , Almosa Abdulkader , Abdurrahman Selma
Published: February 2025

Background: Melanoma has shown resistance to conventional treatments, resulting in poor prognoses. Recent advancements in immunotherapy have improved patient outcomes. However, these therapies are associated with severe adverse reactions, raising concerns about their safety.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the incidence and severity of adverse effects in melanoma patients undergoing immunotherapy compared to those receiving standard chemotherapy. Literature was sourced from Ovid Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus. After screening, 14 articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: The review revealed that ICIs are linked to a higher incidence of severe adverse events compared to traditional therapies. Of the included studies, six focused on severe reactions to ICIs, while others discussed general toxicities, risk factors, management strategies, and potential predictive tools. Notably, findings indicated that approximately 25.1% of patients treated with ICIs experienced immune-related adverse events.
Conclusion: While ICIs have improved melanoma treatment, the increased risk of severe adverse reactions poses significant clinical challenges. Future research should focus on identifying mechanisms underlying these severe reactions and developing predictive tools.
Evaluation of Germplasm Lines for Seed Quality Parameters in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn)
Authors: Prasuna M. Jnana , Vasundhara S. , Reddy B. Rupesh Kumar , Latha L. Madhavi
Published: February 2025

Among millets, Finger millet is an important small millet grown in India. Recognizing the importance of millets, the year 2023 was declared as the “International Year of Millets” by the United Nations. In today’s world, about 12% of the total millet area is under finger millet cultivation, which mainly covers more than 25 countries of Asia and Africa (Amisha et al., 2020). In India, finger millet is mostly grown or produced in southern parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and hilly areas of northern regions mostly in Uttarakhand (Vijayakumari et al., 2003).  The aim of this study was to evaluate the germplasm lines of finger millet for their seed quality traits. Thirty germplasm lines of finger millet including two checks viz., Indravathi, Tirumala were evaluated. Observations were recorded for seed quality parameters and data was statistically analyzed. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant variation among tested germplasm. A wide range of variation was recorded among the germplasm lines for various traits studied and can be used for trait specific isolation for further crop improvement. From the present study, PPR-1397 showed outstanding performance in laboratory analysis of seed quality parameters such as root length, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root dry weight, seedling vigour index-I and lowest in electrical conductivity. PGCF-16, PR-1643 and GE-4600 recorded high nitrogen and protein content. The promising lines are GPU-67, PR-1643, PPR-1397, IE-5870 and PPR-1304.
Effect of Bio-Priming on Seed Quality Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yadav R. Ravinder Rao , Vasundhara S. , Reddy B. Rupesh Kumar , Reddy M. Raveendra
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of bio-priming with Azospirillum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and Potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) on seed quality parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Bio-priming is a sustainable agricultural practice that involves the use of beneficial microorganisms to enhance plant growth. Standardization experiment was done using 35 treatments in laboratory using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The best performed 10 treatments were selected for field study. The field experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The harvested seeds were further subjected to quality tests in the laboratory using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Among different treatments, Azospirillum bio-primed at 10% and 12 hours of soaking and pseudomonas fluorescens bio-primed at 20% and 12 hours of soaking showed significant results for germination percentage, seedling vigour index, field emergence, highest seedling length.
Assessing the Effect of the Medicare Part D Redesign
Authors: Sachs Rachel E. , Frank Richard G.
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint focuses on the Manufacturer Discount Program, identifying 4 key themes of interest to policymakers that may be affected by its Part D redesign.
On the reliability of Large Language Models to misinformed and demographically informed prompts
Authors: Aremu Toluwani , Akinwehinmi Oluwakemi , Nwagu Chukwuemeka , Ahmed Syed Ishtiaque , Orji Rita , Amo Pedro Arnau Del , Saddik Abdulmotaleb El
Published: January 2025

We investigate and observe the behavior and performance of Large Language Model (LLM)‐backed chatbots in addressing misinformed prompts and questions with demographic information within the domains of Climate Change and Mental Health. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, we assess the chatbots' ability to discern the veracity of statements, their adherence to facts, and the presence of bias or misinformation in their responses. Our quantitative analysis using True/False questions reveals that these chatbots can be relied on to give the right answers to these close‐ended questions. However, the qualitative insights, gathered from domain experts, shows that there are still concerns regarding privacy, ethical implications, and the necessity for chatbots to direct users to professional services. We conclude that while these chatbots hold significant promise, their deployment in sensitive areas necessitates careful consideration, ethical oversight, and rigorous refinement to ensure they serve as a beneficial augmentation to human expertise rather than an autonomous solution. Dataset and assessment information can be found at https://github.com/tolusophy/Edge‐of‐Tomorrow.
Broadband Sound Absorption in a Composite of Localized Aluminum Foam and Microperforated Plates
Authors: Chen Jin , Li Sihan , Ning Gexuan , Liang Lisi , Zhang Lixing , Cui Zhongyi , Wang Zeming , Zhang Zhuyue
Published: January 2025

A composite structure (L‐LDMPP) consisting of localized aluminum foam, a localized microperforated plate (MPP), and a double‐layer MPP is proposed to enhance sound absorption. A simulation model using COMSOL is developed to predict the sound absorption coefficient and investigate the acoustic benefits of localized aluminum foam and localized MPP. A comparative analysis is performed to evaluate the sound absorption performance of four configurations: L‐SMPP (localized aluminum foam with a single‐layer MPP), L‐DMPP (localized aluminum foam with a double‐layer MPP), L‐LSMPP (localized aluminum foam with a localized MPP and a single‐layer MPP), and L‐LDMPP (localized aluminum foam with a localized MPP and a double‐layer MPP). The model's accuracy is validated against experimental data. Results show that localized aluminum foam, localized MPP, and double‐layer MPP optimize acoustic impedance matching. The sound absorption characteristics of L‐LDMPP are divided into two domains: the resonance acoustic domain, influenced by the double‐layer MPP structure behind the localized aluminum foam, and the coupled acoustic domain, influenced by both the localized aluminum foam and localized MPP.
Molecular Ferroelectrics for Highly Sensitive Detection Toward Low‐Frequency Sound Recognition
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Li Lutao , Li Jiating , Wang Chen , Cong Shan , Zhao Guoxiang , Du Xinyu , Huang Chao‐Ran , Cao Hengyu , Cheng Weiyu , Ye Yaqi , Liu Chengyuan , Li Bin , Liao Wei‐Qiang , Lu Zheng , Tang Rujun , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Zou Guifu
Published: January 2025

Human hearing cannot sensitively detect sounds below 100 Hz, which can affect the physical well‐being and lead to dizziness, headaches, and nausea. Piezoelectric acoustic sensors still lack sensitivity to low‐frequency sounds owing to the low piezoelectric coefficient or high elastic modulus of materials. The low elastic modulus and substantial piezoelectric coefficient of molecular ferroelectric materials make them excellent candidates for acoustic sensors. In this study, the molecular ferroelectric, [(CH3)3NCH2Cl]CdCl3, is used as a piezoelectric active layer in the construction of a piezoelectric acoustic sensor for low‐frequency sound detection. The sensor exhibits high sensitivity (47.43 mV Pa−1 cm−2) at 87 Hz, with an excellent level of frequency resolution (up to 0.1 Hz). This facilitates the accurate discrimination and detection of low‐frequency sounds, which is suitable for noise detection applications. The sensor differentiates between various musical instruments and heartbeats, and recognizes audio signals. This study highlights the potential of molecular ferroelectric materials in piezoelectric acoustic device applications, including noise detection, health monitoring, and human‐computer interactions.
Manganese Galvanic Cells Intervene in Tumor Metabolism to Reinforce cGAS‐STING Activation for Bidirectional Synergistic Hydrogen‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Nailin , Sun Shumin , Xu Jiachen , Gong Fei , Lei Huali , Hao Yu , Pei Zifan , Wang Chenya , Yu Qiao , Nie Jihu , Jiang Nan , Ni Caifang , Cheng Liang
Published: January 2025

The cGAS‐STING pathway is pivotal in initiating antitumor immunity. However, tumor metabolism, particularly glycolysis, negatively regulates the activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway. Herein, Mn galvanic cells (MnG) are prepared via liquid‐phase exfoliation and in situ galvanic replacement to modulate tumor metabolism, thereby enhancing cGAS‐STING activation for bidirectional synergistic H2‐immunotherapy. The obtained MnG can be etched by water, enabling efficient and sustained generation of H2 gas and Mn2+. MnG not only activated and amplified the cGAS‐STING pathway through the sustained release of Mn2+ but also regulated tumor glucose metabolism to inhibit the expression of three prime repair exonuclease 2 (TREX2), thereby synergistically enhancing the activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway. The injection of MnG into tumors resulted in a robust immune response, thereby providing favorable support for antitumor therapy. Consequently, the combination of MnG with immune checkpoint blockade therapy resulted in significant suppression of both primary tumors and distant tumors. Furthermore, the MnG‐lipiodol dispersion exhibited remarkable efficacy in combination with transarterial embolization (TAE)‐gas‐immunotherapy in a rabbit orthotopic liver tumor model. The present study underscores the significance of employing a metal galvanic cell strategy for enhanced immunotherapy, thereby offering a novel approach for rational design of bioactive materials to augment immunotherapeutic effectiveness.
Riveting Nucleation Enabled Long Cycling Life Calcium Metal Anodes
Authors: Han Yehu , Guo Youzhang , Zhou Jianbin , Ding Xu , Zhang Yuchen , Li Wanxia , Liu Yang , Chen Yawei , Jie Yulin , Lei Zhanwu , Liu Yue , Guan Yong , Tian Yangchao , Cheng Tao , Chen Muqing , Jiao Shuhong , Cao Ruiguo
Published: January 2025

Calcium metal batteries with high capacity and low cost are promising alternatives to Li‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage. However, its development is crucially impeded by the irreversible Ca metal anode, which is highly associated with uncontrollable Ca plating/stripping. Here, we report a new riveting strategy to regulate the nucleation and growth of a Ca metal anode in the 3D structure of a carbon nanotube film (CNF) by introducing in situ‐formed Na metal mediators. Na metal mediators are found to first deposit in the CNF substrate prior to Ca nucleation and subsequently induce dense and uniform Ca plating due to their thermodynamically favorable kinetics. Therefore, even at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a high capacity of 5 mAh cm−2, it realizes the uniform nucleation and growth of dendrite‐free Ca metal. Moreover, an unprecedented cycling life of over 800 cycles is also achieved for Ca metal batteries with a high coulombic efficiency above 98.4%. This work demonstrates the significance of a riveting strategy to enable the superior performance of Ca metal batteries by regulating the plating/stripping behaviors of Ca metal anodes and paves a new way for the development of Ca metal batteries.
Leech‐Inspired Amphibious Soft Robot Driven by High‐Voltage Triboelectricity
Authors: Zheng Qiwei , Xin Liming , Zhang Qin , Shen Fan , Lu Xiao , Cao Chen , Xin Chuanfu , Zhao Yang , Liu Heming , Peng Yan , Luo Jun , Guo Hengyu , Li Zhongjie
Published: January 2025

Leech locomotion, characterized by alternating sucker attachment and body contraction provides high adaptability and stability on complex terrains. Herein, a leech‐inspired triboelectric soft robot is proposed for the first time, capable of amphibious movement, climbing, and load‐carrying crawling. A high‐performance triboelectric bionic robot system is developed to drive and control electro‐responsive soft robots. Its core components include: i) a leech‐inspired soft robot (LSR) made from segmented dielectric elastomer muscles. ii) The triboelectric sucker produces anisotropic frictional forces. iii) The multi‐channel high‐voltage output triboelectric nanogenerator (HDC‐TENG) effectively drives the LSR. iv) The high‐voltage triboelectric control unit adapted for the HDC‐TENG enables flexible LSR control. Using the scalable structure of the dielectric elastomer muscles enables the LSR to achieve a maximum crawling speed of 0.39 body lengths per minute on land (45 mm min−1) and 0.22 body lengths per minute in liquid (30.5 mm min−1). It can also carry a payload of 11.55 grams on acrylic while crawling. This research provides a sustainable and promising new solution for self‐powered high‐voltage energy sources suitable for electro‐responsive soft robots.
Programmable Electromagnetic Wave Absorption via Tailored Metal Single Atom‐Support Interactions
Authors: Yuan Mingyue , Li Bangxin , Du Yiqian , Liu Jiajun , Zhou Xiaodi , Cui Jiacheng , Lv Hualiang , Che Renchao
Published: January 2025

Metal single atoms (SA)‐support interactions inherently exhibit significant electrochemical activity, demonstrating potential in energy catalysis. However, leveraging these interactions to modulate electronic properties and extend application fields is a formidable challenge, demanding in‐depth understanding and quantitative control of atomic‐scale interactions. Herein, in situ, off‐axis electron holography technique is utilized to directly visualize the interactions between SAs and the graphene surface. These interactions facilitate the formation of dispersed nanoscale regions with high charge density and are highly sensitive to external electromagnetic (EM) fields, resulting in controllable dynamic relaxation processes for charge accumulation and restoration. This leads to customized dielectric relaxation, which is difficult to achieve with current band engineering methods. Moreover, these electronic behaviors are insensitive to elevated temperatures, having characteristics distinct from those of typical metallic or semiconducting materials. Based on these results, programmable EM wave absorption properties are achieved by developing a library of SA‐graphene materials and precisely controlling SA‐support interactions to tailor their responses to EM waves in terms of frequency and intensity. This advancement addresses the customized anti‐EM interference requirements of electronic components, greatly enhancing the development of integrated circuits and micro‐nano chips. Future efforts will concentrate on manipulating atomic interactions in SA‐support, potentially revolutionizing nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
Photoinduced Hydrogen Atom Transfer Activation of Benzylic C−H Bonds Functionalization
Authors: Guo Guozhe , Li Wenduo
Published: January 2025

Visible light, as an efficient and renewable resource, has gained significant attention in organic synthesis due to its mild, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly nature. Among the various photocatalytic processes, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) has become a crucial mechanism for the activation of C−H bonds, with a particular focus on the functionalization of benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds. This review shows recent developments in the area of photoinduced HAT and its use in benzylic C−H bonds functionalization. We discuss halogen atom radicals, N‐centered radical, O‐centered radical, S‐centered radical and C‐centered radical in HAT processes, and influence on reaction selectivity and substrate versatility. The potential of photoinduced HAT to bypass the need for transition metal catalysts and directing groups positions it as a promising approach for constructing intricate organic molecules with high atom economy and sustainability. This review aims to offer a detailed summary of the current state of photoinduced HAT, providing insights into its potential uses in synthetic chemistry.
Deacylation of N‐Acylsulfonamides Mediated by Metal Triflimides
Authors: Tian Juan , Yang Shimin , Peng Ying , Chen Mengyun , Chen Xin , Wang Xinyi , Sang Dayong
Published: January 2025

N‐Acylsulfonamides play a significant role in organic and medicinal chemistry. The N‐deacylation of N‐acylsulfonamides is an important transformation that releases the sulfonamide structural motif. Herein, a metal triflimide‐catalyzed nonhydrolytic method for the deacylation of N‐acylsulfonamides is presented. Commercially available metal triflimides reactive for the N‐deacylation include Cu(NTf2)2, Zn(NTf2)2, Mg(NTf2)2, Ce(NTf2)3, and La(NTf2)3. A range of N‐acyl groups, including acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, octanoyl, benzoyl, 2‐phenylacetyl, and sterically hindered pivaloyl are readily deblocked efficiently. A variety of functional groups, such as halogeno, keto, nitro, cyano, ether, and carboxylate, are tolerated intact.
History of Health at Cayo Santiago—An Investigation of Environmental and Genetic Influences on the Skeletal Remains of the Introduced Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta) Colony
Authors: Francis George , Wang Qian
Published: January 2025

The Cayo Santiago rhesus macaque colony is a renowned primate population that has experienced significant natural and anthropogenic ecological variation in their 85‐year history. Demographic and familial information is also tracked and collated for the majority of monkeys. Thus, the health history of rhesus macaques at Cayo Santiago should reflect the impacts of both environmental and genetic factors. In this study, we utilized a sample of skeletal remains comprised of 2787 individuals (1571 females, 1091 males), born between 1938 and 2017 from the derived skeletal collection of the primate colony to assess variation in survivorship, pathology, bone mineral density (BMD), and dental eruption status, in the context of hurricane impacts, nutritional fluctuations, and matriline genealogy. Results demonstrated that rhesus macaques at Cayo Santiago exhibit a range of skeletal pathologies that encompass biomedical and archaeological significance, multiple etiologies, severities, locations, and types, in addition to a secular trend of declining BMD that is hypothesized to reflect decreasing physical activity levels under increasing population densities. Specifically, hurricane impacts were found to increase the rate of systemic disease, decrease BMD in young adults, and delay eruption of the primary dentition. Certain matrilines exhibited heightened levels of systemic disease at early ages while others exhibited greater rates of congenital disease. Early‐life adversity, through the experience of major hurricanes, may enhance inflammatory pathways, heightening the risk of disease and accelerating the aging process leading to reduced BMD. Such impacts may underly greater levels of observed infection post‐hurricane through intensification of pathogen transmission and disease rates brought on by hurricane‐adaptive social strategies that favor closer proximity. Familial susceptibility to disease indicates heritable host genetic factors are likely influencing disease patterning in the population. A cluster of congenital diseases may most convincingly illustrate this, or alternatively reflects low levels of genetic diversity in the population.
Comparing Efficacy of Steroid Irrigation + Steroid‐eluting Sinus Stent Versus Steroid Irrigation Alone for Maintaining Frontal Sinus Patency After Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fieux Maxime , Noel Julia , Roozdar Pooya , Neves Caio Athayde , Yan Carol H. , Tyler Matt , Rathor Aakanksha , Chang Michael T. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H. , Patel Zara M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Steroid rinses and steroid‐eluting stents are both options for preventing postoperative stenosis after frontal sinus surgery. This study aimed to assess whether steroid‐eluting stents offer added benefit over steroid rinses alone in postoperative healing and long‐term frontal sinus patency.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) who underwent surgery for bilateral and equal frontal sinusitis after failing prior medical therapy. Each patient served as their own control, with each patient randomized to stent placement in either right or left frontal sinuses. Exclusion criteria included unequal frontal sinusitis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and immunocompromise. All patients used steroid rinses postoperatively. Scarring, edema, patency, and the need for additional treatments were assessed at 1, 3, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.

Results

Sixty‐two patients were enrolled. Postoperatively, scarring, edema, patency, and the need for further treatment were similar in both groups at 24 weeks (p = 0.878, 0.688, 0.817, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively). Multivariable regression analysis identified time as an independent risk factor for scarring (OR = 1.32, [1.03‒1.71]) and patency (OR = 1.39, [1.10‒1.82]), while it was an independent protective factor for edema (OR = 0.40, [0.32‒0.49]). The steroid‐eluting stent did not significantly affect this.

Conclusion

For CRSwNP, with or without asthma, without other underlying systemic disease factors, steroid‐eluting stents may not add benefit over steroid rinses in reducing postoperative scarring and edema, improving long‐term frontal sinus patency, or reducing the need for additional treatments, as long as patients continue topical therapy and know how to rinse effectively.
Identification of risk factors and development of a predictive nomogram for sarcopenia in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chen Sihui , Ou Ruwei , Wei Qianqian , Fu Jiajia , Zhao Bi , Chen Xueping , Shang Huifang
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Sarcopenia, with its complex diagnostic process, is a likely independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, research on the clinical characteristics and biomarkers of AD patients with sarcopenia (ADSA) is limited.

METHODS

This study included 180 ADSA and 188 AD patients without sarcopenia (ADNSA), and evaluated demographics, cognitive function, motor capacity, emotional state, and daily living abilities.

RESULTS

ADSA patients were older, with worse motor and cognitive functions, more severe depression, poorer social functioning, and lower daily living abilities compared to ADNSA patients. Multivariate regression identified age, low Frailty Rating Scale (FRS) scores, low serum albumin level, and low creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR) as risk factors for sarcopenia. A nomogram model based on these indicators demonstrated high discriminative power and clinical utility.

DISCUSSION

Sarcopenia significantly affects AD patients’ various functions. The nomogram model aids in the early detection of and personalized interventions for sarcopenia in AD.

Highlights

Sarcopenia is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the coexistence of sarcopenia affects various functions and quality of life in patients with AD.

Serum albumin and Frailty Rating Scale (FRS) scores are significantly associated with both sarcopenia and cognitive assessment indicators in AD patients with sarcopenia (ADSA).

The combined sarcopenia nomogram model with indexes of age at diagnosis, creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR), FRS score, and albumin levels can aid in effectively identifying and personalizing interventions for sarcopenia in the AD population.
Packing Engineering of Zirconium Metal‐Organic Cages in Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation
Authors: Yang Ziqi , Peh Shing Bo , Xi Shibo , Lu Yanqiu , Liu Qixing , Zhao Dan
Published: January 2025

Metal‐organic cages (MOCs) have been considered as emerging zero‐dimensional (0D) porous fillers to generate molecularly homogeneous MOC‐based membrane materials. However, the discontinuous pore connectivity and low filler concentrations limit the improvement of membrane separation performance. Herein, we propose the dimension augmentation of MOCs in membranes using three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular MOC networks as filler materials in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). We further explore the packing engineering of MOC networks to produce distinct polymorphs (α and β phases) for tailoring membrane performance. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy were employed to differentiate distinct MOC polymorphous networks within membranes. Gas permeation tests revealed that the corresponding MMMs showed superior CO2/CH4 separation performance, exceeding the Robeson upper bound. Our proposed approach is expected to enrich the repertoire of reticular chemistry pertaining to molecular‐based networks.
Polyglycidamides: from Backbone‐Promoted Amidation to Degradable Polyether with Wide‐Range LCST
Authors: Hong Xingpei , Liu Shan , Pang Jie , Zhao Junpeng , Zhang Guangzhao
Published: January 2025

Amide groups occur extensively in natural and synthetic polymers cultivating their vital roles in biological and industrial worlds. We report here an efficient and controlled pathway to amide‐functionalized polyethers through ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of commercially available ethyl glycidate followed by amidation of the pendant ester groups. Transesterification is inhibited during the ROP by use of a two‐component organocatalyst. Surprisingly, amidation can be completed even at 0 °C uncatalyzed, which is attributed to the electron‐withdrawing effect of the oxygenated backbone as well as the inter‐/intra‐chain hydrogen bonding. Also interestingly, ethylene glycol and water are found to further accelerate the amidation while suppressing backbone degradation. The obtained polyglycidamides (PGAms) exhibit aqueous thermoresponsive properties, similar to their carbon‐chain counterparts (polyacrylamides). Cloud point can be linearly modulated by co‐amidation using two amines of varied ratios. Unlike polyacrylamides and regular polyethers, PGAm is degradable through retro‐oxa‐Michael addition under basic conditions.
Intensifying Interfacial Reverse Hydrogen Spillover for Boosted Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Ouyang Xiao , Qiao Wei , Yang Yuting , Xi Baojuan , Yu Yu , Wu Yilu , Fang Jingyun , Li Ping , Xiong Shenglin
Published: January 2025

Rational regulation of active hydrogen (*H) behavior is crucial for advancing electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) to ammonia (NH3), yet in‐depth understanding of the *H generation, transfer, and utilization remains ambiguous, and explorations for *H dynamic optimization are urgently needed. Herein we engineer a Ni3N nanosheet array intimately decorated with Cu nanoclusters (NF/Ni3N−Cu) for remarkably boosted NO3RR. From comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations, the Ni3N moieties favors water dissociation to generate *H, and then *H can rapidly transfer to the Cu via unique reverse hydrogen spillover mediating interfacial Ni−N−Cu bridge bond, thus increasing *H coverage on the Cu site for subsequent deoxygenation/hydrogenation. More impressively, such intriguing reverse hydrogen spillover effect can be further strengthened via elegant engineering of the Ni3N/Cu heterointerface with more intimate contact. Consequently, the NF/Ni3N−Cu with Cu nanoclusters intimate anchoring presents record NH3 yield rate of 1.19 mmol h−1 cm−2 and Faradaic efficiency of 98.7 % at −0.3 V vs. RHE, being on par with the state‐of‐the‐art ones. Additionally, with NF/Ni3N−Cu as the cathode, a high‐performing Zn−NO3− battery can be assembled. This contribution illuminates a novel pathway to optimize *H behavior via distinct reverse hydrogen spillover for promoted NO3RR and other hydrogenation reactions.
Li+ Quasi‐Grotthuss Topochemistry Transport Enables Direct Regeneration of Spent Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: He Yujia , Jia Kai , Piao Zhihong , Cao Zhenjiang , Zhang Mengtian , Li Pengfei , Li Zhichao , Jiang Zhiyuan , Yang Guorui , Xi Huan , Zhou Guangmin , Tang Wei , Qu Zhiguo , Kumar R. Vasant , Ding Shujiang , Xi Kai
Published: January 2025

Direct regeneration of spent lithium‐ion batteries offers economic benefits and a reduced CO2 footprint. Surface prelithiation, particularly through the molten salt method, is critical in enhancing spent cathode repair during high‐temperature annealing. However, the sluggish Li+ transport kinetics, which predominantly relies on thermally driven processes in the traditional molten salt methods, limit the prelithiation efficiency and regeneration of spent cathodes. Here, we introduce a special molecular configuration (benzoate) into molten salts that facilitates rapid Li+ transport to the surface of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM) via a quasi‐Grotthuss topochemistry mechanism. This approach effectively avoids the phase transitions that could adversely degrade the electrochemical performance due to insufficient lithiation during the repair process. Computational and experimental analyses reveal that the system enables fast Li+ migration through the topological hopping of benzoate in organic lithium salt, rather than relying solely on thermally driven diffusion, thereby significantly improving the prelithiation and repair efficiency of spent NCM cathodes. Benefiting from the quasi‐Grotthuss Li+ topochemistry transport, the degraded structure and Li vacancies in the spent cathode are effectively eliminated, yieding the regenerated cathode with good cycling stability comparable to commercial counterparts. The proposed Li+ transport mechanism presents a promising route for the efficient and sustainable regeneration of spent cathodes.
Photo‐Driven Ammonia Synthesis via a Proton‐Mediated Photoelectrochemical Device
Authors: Lin Wan , Chen Jiajie , Zhang Xiang , Lin Jing , Lin Fuwen , Huang ShenXia , Wang Yaobing
Published: January 2025

N2 reduction reaction (NRR) by light is an energy‐saving and sustainable ammonia (NH3) synthesis technology. However, it faces significant challenges, including high energy barriers of N2 activation and unclear catalytic active sites. Herein, we propose a strategy of photo‐driven ammonia synthesis via a proton‐mediated photoelectrochemical device. We used redox‐catalysis covalent organic framework (COF), with a redox site (−C=O) for H+ reversible storage and a catalytic site (porphyrin Au) for NRR. In the proton‐mediated photoelectrochemical device, the COF can successfully store e− and H+ generated by hydrogen oxidation reaction, forming COF−H. Then, these stored e− and H+ can be used for photo‐driven NRR (108.97 umol g−1) under low proton concentration promoted by the H‐bond network formed between −OH in COF−H and N2 on Au, which enabled N2 hydrogenation and NH3 production, establishing basis for advancing artificial photosynthesis and enhancing ammonia synthesis technology.
Vacancy‐Activated B‐Doping for Efficient 2e− Oxygen Reduction through Suppressing H2O2 Decomposition at High Overpotential
Authors: Cui Wangyang , Zhen Zhiyuan , Sun Yuanyuan , Liu Xiaofeng , Chen Jinhui , Liu Sijia , Ren Hao , Lin Yan , Wu Mingbo , Li Zhongtao
Published: January 2025

The production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) has emerged as a more environmentally friendly alternative to the traditional anthraquinone method. Although oxidized carbon catalysts have intensive developed due to their high selectivity and activity, the yield and conversion rate of H2O2 under high overpotential still limited. The produced H2O2 was rapidly consumed by the increased intensity of H2O2 reduction, which could ascribe to decomposition of peroxide radicals under high voltage in the carbon catalyst. To overcome this issue, a B doped carbon have been developed to catalyze 2e− ORR with high efficient through suppressing H2O2 decomposition at high potential. Thus, thermal reducing of oxygen containing groups (OCGs) on graphite could construct defects and vacancies, which in situ convert to B−Cx subunits on the edge of graphene sheets. The introduction of B−Cx effectively prevented the decomposition of the *O−O bond and provided suitable adsorption capacity for *OOH, achieving excellent selectivity for the 2e− ORR across a wide voltage range. Finally, a remarkable H2O2 yield of 7.91 mmol cm−2 h−1 was delivered at an industrial current density of 600 mA cm−2, which could provide “green” pathway for scale‐upable synthesis H2O2.