bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Türkiye Deprem Yönetmeliklerinin ve Deprem Haritalarının Tarihçesi
Authors: AKDEMİR Aslı , İNAN GÜNAYDIN Tuğba
Published: February 2025

Earthquakes are natural disasters that have a huge destructive effect and cannot be prevented. In order to survive this destructive effect with less damage, various rules and limitations have been introduced to the design of structures over time, and the concept of earthquake-resistant structure design has emerged. Earthquake regulations have emerged by integrating these rules and limitations. A total of ten different earthquake regulations have been enacted in Turkey since 1940. Each of these regulations has been prepared in accordance with the conditions of the period in which they were published. Over time, thanks to the developing technology and information sources, the contents of the regulations have become more detailed and comprehensive. The methods for calculating earthquake load, the value ranges of the coefficients used in the calculation, and the parameters affecting the calculation have been changed in most of the regulations. It is very important for architects and civil engineers to be familiar with the legal regulations so that they can design structures in accordance with the given parts. Earthquake maps, just like earthquake regulations, have developed over time and evolved into their current final form. In this study, the change and development processes of earthquake maps have been examined. The rules and limitations brought by the Turkish Earthquake Regulations for earthquake-compatible structure design have been examined and analyzed. The innovations brought by the regulations regarding earthquake calculation methods and building design principles have been explained. Earthquake load calculation methods and formulas in the regulations were compared.
Art and Museums in the Digital Age: An Overview of the Concepts and Spatial Design
Authors: BURKUT Emine Banu , TEKİN Seçkin , DAL Murat
Published: February 2025

Starting in the 20th century, with the acceleration of technological developments, the increasing use of technology, and the change in social structures due to the computer or the internet, there has been a transition to the so-called 'technological age', or 'digital age'. With these technological developments, the products of the 'individual', whose perception has changed, define the past, culture, and future through art in order to exist in the society that surrounds it, to sustain its existence, and to internalize the culture of the society. Digital art is located at the intersection of culture, art, media, contemporary art, digitalization, and technology. Digital art enables both visual thinking and software skills to be learned together. At the same time, the process of creating dynamic images using digital applications requires a multifaceted design phase. Through digital art, the viewer who examines the work of art has become active. Digital art transforms the traditional understanding of art and changes the way artworks are created and experienced. By interacting with the artwork, viewers have become active participants and users of artwork. In the digital age, the exhibition of art on digital platforms enables art to reach wider audiences. This situation has made participants/users eager to visit. In addition, digital museums and digital exhibitions are attracting a lot of attention and their number is increasing every year. Digital art therapy is a rapidly growing practice in recent years. With the opportunities brought by the digital age, digital art brings along a new search for aesthetics and meaning in the art world. In this research, the concept of digital art in the digital age and the works published in this field are examined as an area that has been widely discussed and attracted attention in recent years. This research aims to contribute to the field by focusing on digital art, digital museums and digital exhibitions. In addition, in order to make the existing publications visible, the texts will be visualized to make them more effective for the reader.
Kendin İnşa Et: Malzeme ve Yapım Sistemleri Üzerinden Ahşap Kit Konutlar
Authors: GÜNGÖR GÜNAY Refia , ENGİN Nihan
Published: February 2025

The term "Self-Build" refers to all situations in which individuals are involved in the production of their own homes. There are various ways for those who wish to build their own homes, one of which is kit houses. Kit houses offer individuals the opportunity to physically construct all or part of their homes. The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent kit houses enable individuals to build their own homes without professional assistance, what criteria this depends on, and to explore the potential usage of this housing type in the future. In this context, five different kit houses produced by companies using wooden materials were selected as examples. The data obtained from the selected houses were evaluated by analyzing the level of professional support required at each stage of the construction process and why this support is necessary, using qualitative analysis methods under the main headings of construction and materials, including subheadings such as square meters, number of floors, construction time, foundation type, components being assembled, assembly techniques and tools, dimensions of building components, and materials. The evaluation revealed that kit houses are prefabricated with modular coordination, and the size, weight, and connection details of the building parts affect the ease of construction without professional help. It was also found that the selection of lightweight, sustainable materials suitable for prefabrication is crucial.
Çok Disiplinli Mimari Tasarım Ekiplerinde Roller ve Etik Unsurlar
Authors: ERBİL ALTINTAŞ Livanur
Published: February 2025

In this study, ethical issues in teamwork are addressed based on observations and interviews conducted in a field study focusing on collaborations in contemporary architectural practices. The aim of the study is to reveal the ethical issues and types that team members, especially those specialized in digital technologies and their representations, may encounter and should take into consideration while making architectural design in a collaborative environment. Based on this, inferences are made about the ethical issues that artificial intelligence tools, which are increasingly taking place in multidisciplinary teams, may create. In today's teamwork, where the hierarchical structure is gradually decreasing and expertise is flexibly reshaped according to the project, the distribution of responsibilities and roles of the participants and their situations are addressed in terms of ethical elements. The increasing role of artificial intelligence and digital tools in multidisciplinary teams offers more efficient results with the contribution of stakeholders who have the skill set to use these technologies; however, this situation requires redefining the role of the architect in design and the boundaries of the copyright of the ideas produced.
Exploring AI in Finding Mathematic Mobile Games for Children in Application Marketplace Based on User Interface
Authors: Yogananti Auria Farantika , bin Harun Azahar , Yusuf Nurhikma Mat
Published: February 2025

Mobile educational games can be found in the mobile application market, one of which is on the Google Play Store. The Play Store provides a place for hundreds of thousands of applications in addition to educational games. Users can search for the desired application by selecting the desired category or writing keywords to find a specific application quickly. However, users still cannot find applications with more specific keywords. This study aims to create a list of new educational game categories based on User Interface design for math games on the Google Play Store. This study used the Open AI platform, GPT-3.5, to process and analyze textual data to determine new categories for educational mathematic games. The Mathematic game dataset was collected from the Play Store. Data grouping includes game titles, descriptions, user ratings, and teacher-approved to ensure a comprehensive data set for analysis. In conclusion, the categories obtained based on User Interface Design are from the visual design category and online math games for children using thematic categories. Interaction style, button-based interaction, and virtual manipulation have been the most widely used categories. The menu-based navigation system is the first category chosen for the navigation system. While Achievement is a category in the feedback system, unity is chosen in the aesthetics category.
Ürün Tasarımı Alanında Ses Tasarımının Kullanıcı Deneyimi ve Kullanılabilirlik Olgusu Üzerinden Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: NARTER Çınar , ÖZTÜRK DEMİRTAŞ Pınar
Published: February 2025

When we look at the product design applications carried out in today's industrial design profession, it is understood that products do not only consist of a physical structure and production that can be touched, but also readability, product communication, usability criterias, user satisfaction, pleasure of use, trends, fashion trends, etc. that are not touched but transferred to the user through products are very effective in the psychological and cognitive processes encountered by the user. At this point, the phenomenon of sound draws attention. It is observed that the sounds produced by the products during their functionality and usage processes, which are included in the dimensions of user satisfaction, have also begun to be seen as an important research area. This situation seems to have revealed the conclusion that the phenomenon of sound can also be designed in the field of product design. However, it can also be said that sound design applications have recently found a place for themselves in the field of product development within the industrial design discipline. If we approach from the fact that the industrial design profession is a multi-disciplinary applied profession, it can be thought that the participation of many different disciplines such as music, musicology, acoustics and psychology in the process within sound design will contribute to the design of product sounds. In this article, it is aimed to contribute to and raise awareness of the internal developments of the industrial design profession in the twenty-first century by presenting the evaluation of sound design in terms of usability in the field of celebrity design through application and design examples.
Mimarlık Öğrencilerinin, Mimarlık Okul Binaları Hakkındaki Görüşlerinin Araştırılması
Authors: GÜLAY Burcu Y
Published: February 2025

The most important period of architectural education is the first year that students from a different education system spend at the faculty of architecture and meet the profession. Students who try to establish a relationship between the educational approach they meet in the first year of the school and the building where the education is given, mostly consider the school buildings as an exemplary building. The reason for this evaluation is that they have not yet met with architectural education and that they do not have sufficient architectural repertoire. On the other hand, this ignorance contains important information to reveal their impartial and unconditioned perceptions and evaluations. In this study, the effect of first-year basic design education on making sense of the built environment is questioned, and in this context, the opinions of first-year architecture students about school buildings are investigated. In the study conducted with the first-year students of Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Architecture, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used together and the perceptions of the students who received and did not receive basic design education were evaluated with the semantic differentiation scale. In addition to the semantic differentiation scale, which is recommended in perception studies in the literature and gives quantitative results, evaluation techniques consisting of open-ended questions were also used to control the findings. The results of the study revealed that first-year basic design education is effective in students' perception of the built environment. Choosing the architecture school building, where architectural education is given as an example of the built environment, is very important in terms of allowing students to experience the building and to seek concrete equivalents of the knowledge they have learned through education in the building.
Fibonacci Dizisinin Eğitim Hayatımıza Yansımaları
Authors: ÖZKAN KILIÇ Öznur
Published: February 2025

The Golden Ratio, mathematics and aesthetics are inextricably linked. This article presents an examination of the role of mathematics in the formation of aesthetic impressions, as evidenced in classical art, architecture, and other forms of visual expression. The concept of the divine proportion can be observed in a number of artistic forms, including music and poetry. However, the focus of this article is on its visual manifestations. The golden ratio is regarded as a sacred proportion due to its association with natural phenomena and even the structure of the universe and the human body. For centuries, it has been employed in the construction, design and composition of architectural masterpieces by eminent artists who were able to perceive its aesthetic appeal. This article seeks to elucidate the manner in which the Golden Ratio is employed in architectural works, paintings and geometric shapes, thereby engendering a sense of aesthetic mystery.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration and Teamwork in Design Issues: Assessment of Team Performance Conditioned by Professional Backgrounds
Authors: Mertyürek Serkan
Published: February 2025

Design is an interdisciplinary, multi-actor process that requires the collaboration of professionals from a range of disciplines. This study aims to ascertain the potential benefits and drawbacks of integrating professionals from diverse disciplines, including design, engineering, and social science, in teams tasked with addressing design challenges. In order to achieve this, a qualitative research study was conducted, whereby professionals were observed as they worked on a specific problem concerning design issues. The professionals were grouped into three teams comprising five professionals in each. The teams were assigned an identical task. A single expert was responsible for observing and evaluating the processes of design activity. The process in question pertains to the initial five of the six principal distinct categories of design activity, namely; 'roles and relationships,' 'planning and acting,' ‘information gathering and sharing,' 'problem analyzing and understanding,' 'conflict avoiding and resolving,' 'concept generating and adopting' as proposed by Cross and Cross (1995). The study reviewed the outputs provided by each team under the 'concept generating and adopting' category. The research findings indicated that professionals from engineering and social science disciplines could successfully work out ill-defined design problems and add value to the discussion, particularly in the 'generating and adopting concepts' phase.
İç Mekân Tasarımında Sanal Gerçekliğin Yeri ve Önemi
Authors: SEÇER KARİPTAŞ Füsun , GÜNEY YÜKSEL Fatma Ceyda , YETİŞKİN AKSU Bilgen
Published: February 2025

It is known that the effectiveness of visual perception in perceiving interior spaces is higher than other types of perception. Certain visualization techniques are used when presenting a space. The main purpose of visualization is to ensure perceptual integrity. It is expected that the space will be perceived with the power of visual perception. Technology-oriented visualization techniques have been used and continue to be used in different ways depending on the current period. Today, within the scope of visualization of space design, the virtual reality experience, where the space can be interpreted more quickly compared to other visualizations, has been examined. Incorporating technological tools into interior design is important for both the development of technology in the field of design and the future of the interior architecture discipline.
RATIONAL ANALYSIS OF CHOOSING TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS OF 2TE35A DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE FOR EASTERN POLYGON
Authors: Kosmodamianskiy Andrey , Pugachev Aleksandr , Vorob'ev Vladimir , Izmerov Oleg , Karpov Artyom
Published: February 2025

The problem of finding rational technical solutions for 2TE35A mainline autonomous locomotive for Eastern Polygon of Russian Railways is considered. It is found out that, in general, designs of a diesel locomotive are rational in terms of accelerating the construction of a diesel locomotive and putting it into production. A number of design disadvantages of the locomotive have been identified, which, in particular, include the use of a high-speed diesel engine with a maximum rotational speed above 1800 min-1, the design of the bogie with an upper intermediate frame, which increases bogie weight, a large number of friction pairs in the bogie structure, as well as deterioration of coupling properties and an increase in unsprung mass in the case of using a rigid gear wheel in a traction transmission. According to the main traction indicators, 2TE35A diesel locomotive does not exceed the promising domestic diesel locomotives developed about 40 years ago. A magnetic clutch booster is proposed for further enhance traction properties in order to ensure the ability to work with trains weighing 9,000 tons. For the design of the clutch booster bogie dimensions with wheel diameter of 1080 mm include an arc-shaped asynchronous motor.
EVALUATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HARDNESS AND STRUCTURE OF ALLOYED CAST IRON WITH FLAKE GRAPHITE, USED FOR MANUFACTURING PISTON RINGS
Authors: Sazonov Vadim , Makarenko Konstantin , Vdovin Aleksandr
Published: February 2025

The study objective is to provide practical confirmation to the correlation between hardness and structure, namely, graphite phase parameters, in oil blanks of piston rings.
The task to which the paper is devoted is to analyze the results of hardness measurement and evaluate their interconnection with the dimensional parameters of graphite phase in alloyed cast irons used for manufacturing oil blanks of piston rings.
Research methods: theoretical analysis of references related to the research topic, practical determination of the hardness of samples obtained as a result of experimental melting, quantitative analysis in ImageJ, systematization of the results in Excel, correlation analysis, construction of a graphical dependence of hardness on the parameters of graphite inclusions.
The novelty of the work: practical substantiation of the correlation between hardness and the length of graphite inclusions in oil blanks of piston rings.
Research results: it is practically proved that hardness directly depends on the length of graphite inclusions in gray cast iron: as the length of graphite inclusions decreases, hardness increases. At the same time, optimal hardness values are achieved in SCM cast iron with a graphite inclusion length of 45 microns, and in A-XM cast iron with 90-180 microns.
Stuck in a metaphor: English and Turkish speakers’ cross-modal associations for pitch
Authors: Tunalı Elif Tutku , Kanero Junko , Nicoladis Elena
Published: February 2025

We aimed to test predictions from the Hierarchical Mental Metaphors Theory (HMMT; Casasanto, 2016; Casasanto & Bottini, 2014), with regard to pitch metaphors among English and Turkish speakers. Languages differ in metaphors to refer to pitch (e.g., in English “high” and “low” refer to both spatial concepts and pitch). According to HMMT, adults have access to cross-modal mappings that were available in infancy; language use increases the activation of the mapping underlying the pitch metaphor in their language. In the present studies, adults were asked to indicate whether a tone (high/low) went with various visual stimuli (e.g., high/low, thin/thick, pointy/round). In Study 1, the results did not support the prediction that English speakers would have greater activation of the pitch-height metaphor in their language than metaphors that cross-modal mappings not in their language. In Study 2, English speakers could learn incongruent pitch-thickness mapping easily yet found it hard to learn incongruent pitch-height mapping. With speakers of Turkish, a language that associates pitch with thickness, Study 3 replicated that it is hard to learn incongruent pitch-spatial metaphor mapping. Further, contrary to earlier studies suggesting that language affects pitch-height mapping more strongly than pitch-thickness mapping, Turkish speakers in the current study effectively learned pitch-height mapping. These results suggest that the habitual use of pitch metaphors in a language affects the conceptualization of pitch, particularly when switching from the pitch-spatial metaphor mapping encoded in one's native language rather than learning a new pitch-spatial metaphor mapping.
Infant Neural Speech Encoding Forecasts Language Difficulties in Preschool Years
Authors: Wong Patrick , Pan Shaoqi , Lai Eva , Chan Peggy , Feng Gangyi , Lam Hugh Simon , Leung Tak Yeung , Novitskiy Nikolay , Leung Ting Fan
Published: February 2025

Importance: Developmental language problems must be detected early to capitalize on the high effectiveness of early intervention. Because developmental language problems are not formally diagnosed until preschool years, a method must be developed and validated to forecast language problems from as early as infancy. Objective: To develop and validate predictive models of language problems using neural data collected from as early as infancy and language problems detected at up to 36 months of age.Design: A cohort study with initial electroencephalography (EEG) neural encoding of speech data collected between 3 weeks and 24 months of age and language outcome data collected between 7 and 36 months of age. The data reported were collected between 2016 and 2024. The cutoff date for analysis was March 25, 2024.Setting: Laboratory and home. Participants: A total of 726 healthy children from a community sample were recruited, 534 of whom with complete EEG and follow-up language data were included in the final analysis.Exposure: Early- and long-latency EEG responses to three speech stimuli (two native and one non-native) were collected. No intervention was involved.Main Outcome Measures: The Chinese Communicative Development Inventory – Cantonese version (CCDI-C) and the language subscale of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III).Results: Random Forest was used as the machine learning algorithm to classify children into binary groups of below or at or above 16th percentile on the outcome measures. Different predictive models were constructed and compared, including those with and without EEG and clinical measures. Models with non-neural measures (e.g., gestational age and birth weight) predicted a language outcome above chance level. Models with EEG measures alone outperformed any models without neural features, with sensitivity and Area Under Curve (AUC) scoring well above 90% for the best models. When validated using unseen data, both sensitivity and AUC remained at 88%.Conclusion & Relevance: EEG neural encoding of speech can be a new procedure for screening language developmental problems as early as infancy. Families with children who are screened positive may consider early intervention in the form of parent coaching to promote better language development.
Observer dreams
Authors: Lipnicki Darren M
Published: February 2025

Numerous theories of dreaming consider embodied self-representation and participation in dream events as key features. However, past studies suggest that the dream self is absent or an uninvolved observer in more than 10% of adult rapid eye movement dreams. The current study first presents new criteria for observer dreams that are informed and illustrated by reports from adult dream series. Three types of observer status are described: I) no embodied self-representation, II) an essentially disembodied self that sees events from within the dream environment, and III) an embodied self that observes events virtually, often on TV. All types require observation of events or an activity with dynamic flow. The new criteria are then used to determine the frequencies of observer dreams in the laboratory and home dream reports from Hall and Van de Castle’s 1963—1964 University of Miami study. The overall percentage of observer dreams in the Miami reports was 13.1%, and Type I was the most frequent, comprising 8.0% of all dream reports. Mixed model analyses indicated no significant differences in the proportion of observer dreams, overall or for Types I-III, between laboratory and home reports. As is apparent from the reports used to illustrate the criteria, adult observer dreams can be similarly elaborate and have a comparable narrative structure to dreams with an embodied dream self who participates in events. This study’s findings suggest that observer dreams warrant greater consideration, including integration into theories of dreaming.
Specific Media Literacy Tips Improve AI-generated Visual Misinformation Discernment
Authors: Guo Sean , Swire-Thompson Briony , Hu Xiaoqing
Published: February 2025

Images generated using artificial intelligence (AI) have become increasingly realistic, sparking discussions and fears about an impending “infodemic” where we can no longer trust what we see on the internet. In this preregistered study, we examine whether providing specific media literacy tips about how to spot AI-generated images can reduce susceptibility to AI-generated visual misinformation (AIVM). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, reading specific media literacy tips, general media literacy tips, or no media literacy tips (control). The general tips provided tips on how to spot misinformation, while the specific tips provided more detailed tips for how to detect AIVM. Results showed that specific tips increased headline discernment between true and false information more than general tips. Both media literacy interventions reduced belief in AIVM compared to control, but specific tips reduced belief in AIVM more than general tips. Finally, both specific and general tips also reduced belief in real headlines compared to control, with no difference between them. In an information environment that sees increasing prevalence of AIVM, it may be worth being specific about how to detect misinformation online rather than only providing general information.
Exploring English Language Teachers’ Motivation for teaching in Private Schools: A Narrative Analysis
Authors: Silwal Gokul
Published: February 2025

This study is an attempt to explore the existing motivating and demotivating factors in private schools in promoting teaching. Four English language teachers teaching in private schools were selected as a sample using a purposive non-random sampling procedure from Chitwan district. This is a narrative inquiry research design in which I applied in-depth interview as a tool to collect the required data to address the research objectives of this study. Using interpretive research paradigm, I analyzed and interpreted the data of the study. This study was conducted to find out the actual state of motivating and demotivating factors of private schools in promoting teaching of English language teachers. The findings of the study showed that remuneration and salary, institutional environment, recognition and prestige, flexible working hours, colleagues, and students, etc., have motivated the English language teachers for teaching in private schools whereas inadequate salary, tough working conditions and demanding work, not being participated in decision making process, lack of appreciation and motivation, etc., are demotivating them in teaching in private schools. This study will help private school principals, and administrators to make policy regarding teacher retention and motivation in their institutions and the aspiring English language teachers to seek their career in teaching in such institutions.
Geoecological assessment of the dynamics of pollution of the Nura river and Samarkand reservoir
Authors: Rakhmetova A.A. , Beisenova R.R. , Akpambetova K.M.
Published: February 2025

The ecological state of water bodies is formed as a result of the interaction of factors of self -purification. Anthropogenic load and is determined mainly by stationary and field studies. An actual task is to systematize theoretical and methodological approaches to the use of geo information technologies in the process of environmental research and the cartographic presentation of their results. The article discusses and analyzes the data of Kazhydromet for the period from 2008 to 2018, and assesses the quality of water by complete of hydro chemical indicators of four points. Chart diagrams were built on the analyzing data, priority substances and enterprises that make the greatest contribution to the pollution of the reservoir and river are identified.
Biodegradation and bioconversion of cellulose containing waste using bacterial and fungal consortium
Authors: Khassenova A.E. , Kanafin Ye.N. , Zhappar N.K. , Shaikhutdinov V.M. , Shibayeva A.K.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the results of study of the cellulose biodegradation using cellulolytic microorganisms are given. Aspergillus awamori VUDT-2, Bacillus subtilis 82 and consortium consisted of named strains were used in the enzymatic hydrolysis. Morphological features of these microorganisms were described using optical microscopy and by inoculation of suspensions on meat peptone agar. Initially, cellulose-degrading activity of microorganisms was tested in the medium containing reagent grade cellulose. The cultivation was carried out on a shaker-incubator in 750 mL Erlenmeyer flasks at a temperature of 30 °C and a stirring speed of 200 rpm for 6 days. As a result, the consortium showed better cellulolytic activity and 49.2 % of total cellulose was degraded in the end of the experiment. Then, the growth conditions of the consortium were optimized in terms of temperature, stirring speed and the initial pH of the medium. For further experiments, the dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) after alcohol production was used as a source of cellulose-containing waste. The content of the cellulose in the DDGS is 20.78 %. Under the conditions of temperature 30 °C and the stirring speed at 200 rpm the biodegradation level of cellulose using consortium of cellulolytic microorganisms was 70.24 % after 6 days.
The contribution of social networks to the learning-social interaction and their impact on student motivation and academic achievement
Authors: Tzur Sharon , Davidovitch Nitza , Katz Adi , Gerkerova Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

This study examines how interactions in class WhatsApp groups impact students' motivation and academic achievements. The research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative analyses to explore associations between various types of interactions and academic performance. Key findings reveal a strong positive correlation between students' motivation and the volume of affective-emotive messages, especially those from teachers. While cognitive-analytic interactions did not significantly predict higher academic achievement, qualitative interviews highlighted the need for more educational content in WhatsApp groups, such as exercises. The study also found a positive, albeit weak, association between classroom climate and interaction patterns. However, an interesting inverse relationship emerged between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of affective-emotive messages. The research emphasizes the importance of incorporating affective-emotive interactions in educational settings and recommends expanding the use of WhatsApp groups as an effective supplementary platform for fostering motivation and improving academic achievements.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Phlogacanthus turgidus extract and applying in hydrogen peroxide sensor
Authors:   Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Dang Su Van , Phan Dieu Thanh Thị ,   Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, Nguyen Thuy Le Kim ,   Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nguyen Danh Thanh ,   Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
Published: February 2025

Among metal nanoparticles (MNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have partical attention due to their excellent electrical and optical properties. Notably, colorimetric sensors incorporating metal nanoparticles have garnered significant attention from scientists in biochemical analysis, offering a simple solution. Here, we report the use of AgNPs applying hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor. Methods: The AgNPs were synthesized using Phlogacanthus turgidus leaf extract, H2O2 oxidized colorless TMB into blue ox-TMB, the reaction was catalyzed by AgNO3. Measuring the resulting solution spectrophotometrically helped to determine the concentration of ox-TMB, thereby determining the concentration of H2O2 produced. Results: The UV-Vis spectrum of AgNPs synthesized from Phlogacanthus turgidus leaf extract exhibited a prominent absorption peak at 427 nm. The linear range was determined in 100 – 300 µM. The linear regression equation is y = 0.91574 + 3.10484×10-4 CH2O2 with a SD value of 0.00438. The result showed that the limit of detection (LOD) of H2O2 through the color reaction between the 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2 in AgNPs catalysis was 46.55 µM and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 141.07 µM. Conclusion: Based on the results of optimal conditions for TMB oxidation in the presence of AgNPs, we can evaluate the applicability as a H2O2 sensor.
The Atomic Mechanism of the Melting Process of Free-standing Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors:   Laboratory of Computational Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Lieu Dan Lin ,   Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Hang T. T. ,   Laboratory of Computational Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Dong Nghia Minh ,   Laboratory of Computational Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Yen Khanh ,   Laboratory of Computational Physics, Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: February 2025

The atomic mechanism of the melting process of the free-standing h-BN is studied using Molecular dynamics simulation. The critical value of the Lindemann criterion for the free-standing h-BN is defined at 0.0326 which is used to classify solid-like and liquid-like atoms. The influence of the edge types on the melting process is observed based on the study of the free-standing hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), armchair h-BN nanoribbon, and zigzag h-BN nanoribbon using molecular dynamics simulation. Due to dangling bonds at the armchair edge, the phase transition from crystalline to liquid in armchair h-BN nanoribbon occurs at a lower temperature (3700 K) than in zigzag h-BN nanoribbon (4200 K), and the free-standing configuration (4550 K). At the melting temperature, most B atoms in the zigzag h-BN nanoribbon exhibit coordination numbers of one or two, whereas most B atoms in the armchair h-BN nanoribbon and the free-standing h-BN have a coordination number of zero.
Detecting Mental Health Issues in Students Using Limited ECG Data from Portable Devices.
Authors:   Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Le Nhat Tan
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Mental health issues are a growing concern among university students, significantly affecting their academic performance and quality of life. Recognizing stress in students under academic pressure is crucial for improving their well-being. This study aims to identify stress patterns through heart activity, which is closely correlated with mental health issues.

Methods: An experiment was designed involving 49 participants during exam time, using low-cost portable devices based on ECG sensors. The high quality of recorded data was confirmed by good average QRS correlation metrics. To enhance the dataset and address the problem of imbalanced data, a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) was employed to generate synthetic ECG data in two scenarios: GAN 1, which synthesized the minority class only, and GAN 2, which synthesized both classes. A comprehensive set of Heart rate variability (HRV) indices from time, frequency, and non-linear domains were extracted for analysis. Finally, two 2 ensemble learning models were utilized to perform the stress recognition based on the HRV features set.

Results: Through cross-validation and random-split validation, our findings demonstrated significant improvements in model performance with the addition of synthetic data. Specifically, GAN 1 data improved recall, effectively capturing more stress instances, while GAN 2 data enhanced precision, ensuring accurate stress identification. The Random Forest model showed exceptional capability in managing class imbalance, further validating the effectiveness of our approach. Additionally, the use of a natural stressor, such as exam time, confirmed the practical applicability of our models.
Surface features of graft-type polymer electrolyte membranes using tapping mode atomic force microscopy analysis
Authors: Nguyen Nhat Kim Ngan , Nguyen Manh Tuan , Nguyen Huynh My Tue , Vo Thi Kim Yen , Dinh Tran Trong Hieu , Hoang Anh Tuan , Tran Ngoc Tien Phat , Nguyen Thanh Ta , Lam Hoang Hao , Doan Thi Kim Ngan , Tran Duy Tap ,   Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a promising renewable energy technology, which is increasing commercial use in transportation, stationaries, and portable devices. In the PEMFC, the surface nature of PEMs plays a key role in interfacial degradation of membrane-electrolyte assembly and proton conductance and thus, highly impacting on the performance and stability of PEMFC. Consequently, the objective of this work is to investigate the surface features of graft-type poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA)-grafted poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) polymer electrolyte membranes (ETFE-PEMs) using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM). Methods: The ETFE-PEMs are prepared using the pre-irradiation-induced grafting of styrene onto the ETFE film and subsequent sulfonation. All the ETFE-PEMs and their precursor films (original ETFE and polystyrene (PS) grafted-ETFE films) are characterized by the TM-AFM. Results: Upon the grafting and sulfonation process, partially grafted PS and PSSA chains are found to be accumulated on the sample surface at a low grafting degree (GD) of 21% and more graft chains are diffused into the bulk of membranes at higher GDs of 36 and 57%. The polystyrene grafts are immiscible mostly with the amorphous phase of the pristine ETFE film, leading to the formation of new amorphous phase containing of only PS grafts. The sulfonation resulted in the microphase separation between the backbone of ETFE and side chain of PSSA but the final surface morphology of membranes can be determined at the grafting step. Conclusions: The surface morphology characteristics are more or less ascertained at the grafting process but not the sulfonation one. The PSSA grafts of ETFE-PEMs are dispersed on the membrane surface, favoring for the connection of ionic domains, leading to the increase in proton conductance on the membrane surface. It is suggested that the ETFE-PEMs exhibit the advantages in the membrane-electrode interfacial properties for PEMFC application due to its low accumulated surface in the low GD.
Phenolic compounds from the bark of Aglaia lawii and their cytotoxic activity against HepG2
Authors:   Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Pham Quan Hoang ,   Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Thao-Ly Thi ,   Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Trinh Binh Dieu Thi ,   Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Nguyen Lien-Hoa Dieu ,   Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Ngo Ngoc Nhu Trang ,   Faculty of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Aglaia lawii is a large tree belonging to the Meliaceae family. In traditional medicine, the stem bark is used as a vermicide while the leaves are used for the treatment of headache. Studies on the chemical constituents of this species in Vietnam and its biological activity, especially its ability to treat liver cancer, are still limited. This work describes the isolation and structure elucidation of six phenolic compounds from an ethyl acetate extract of the bark of A. lawii as well as the evaluation of cytotoxic activity against HepG2.

Methods: The extracts were prepared by extracting the dried ground bark using Soxhlet extraction. Isolation was performed using column chromatography over silica gel, RP-18 and using gel permeation chromatography over Sephadex LH-20. Chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods (1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS and IR) and comparison of spectral data with those in literature. Cytotoxic activity against HepG2 human liver cancer cells was evaluated in vitro using the MTT assay.

Results: Six phenolic compounds, palmarumycin JC2 (1), 5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavone (2), coniferaldehyde (3), 3-hydoxy-1-(4¢-hydroxy-3¢-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one (4), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5), and vanillin (6), were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the bark of A. lawii collected in Dong Nai Province. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells and the result showed that the compounds exhibited weak effects or no activity.

Conclusion: All the isolated compounds have been reported from this species for the first time. It is also the first report on the cytotoxicity of 1-2 against HepG2 cells although the compounds displayed weak effects.
Synthesis of Ag/CuO/rGO hybrid structure towards the applications in visible light photodetectors
Authors:   University of Science, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Ngo Duc Anh , Nguyen Nhat Minh ,   University of Science, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Tran Thuan Phat ,   University of Science, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Le Gia Vy ,   University of Science, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Le Thai Duy ,   University of Science, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, La Phan Phuong Ha ,   University of Science, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Tran Cong Khanh ,   University of Science, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Dang Vinh Quang ,   University of Science, Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: February 2025

Introduction: 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has become a key material in optoelectronic devices due to its outstanding electrical properties and stability. However, the application potential of rGO in such devices is still limited due to its low light absorption ability (especially in the visible region). Hence, this study aims to overcome this problem by synthesizing an Ag/CuO/rGO hybrid structure. Methods: Herein, while rGO was formed via a hydrazine vapor reduction, Ag and CuO were synthesized through simple, low-cost chemical techniques. Results: Our results revealed that compared to bare rGO and CuO/rGO samples, the hybrid Ag/CuO/rGO has remarkably higher absorption in the visible region. Besides, the fabricated Ag/CuO/rGO also demonstrated sensitivity toward blue light excitation, with good performance and stability. Conclusion: We hope that our study can further enable research on the application of rGO in the optoelectronic sector.
Teaching english pronunciation for international intelligibility
Authors:   Faculty of English Linguistics and Literature, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Dang Thi Van Di
Published: February 2025

English has become the language for global communication in this 21st century with non-native speakers outnumbering native speakers. Pronunciation is among the key factors for successful and effective communication in this era of globalization. The learning and teaching of pronunciation, therefore, has been aiming at mutual intelligibility, or international intelligibility, rather than at native-like accents formerly. This paper reviewed the most recent transformations in the practice of pronunciation teaching towards international intelligibility in light of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) (with the Lingua Franca Core (LFC)) and Global Englishes Language Teaching (GELT) in order to help learners be better prepared for global communication. Recommendations were also presented for the instruction and assessment of English pronunciation aiming at an internationally intelligible model.
Applying wordnet in teaching the lexical semantics of english nouns
Authors:   University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Phan Trang Thi My ,   Saigon Technology University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Published: February 2025

This paper addressed the practical application and potential impact of WordNet as an educational tool for teaching the lexical semantics of English nouns. WordNet, an extensive English lexical database, systematically organizes words into semantically interconnected groups and hierarchical classifications, providing a promising resource for utilizing a computational semantics approach in language education. Using the descriptive research method and the comparative method, the study explored the network of semantic relationships within English nouns, specifically focusing on synonymy, polysemy, hyponymy, and hypernymy. Based on the WordNet description, the paper suggested some practical techniques for teaching and learning lexical semantics within English nouns. These approaches aim to enhance the educational experience for both teachers and students by fostering a deeper understanding of the semantic relationships of English nouns through addressing readability, contextual meanings, and conceptual structures.