bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T Cells Expressing Receptor Recombination/Revision Machinery Are Detected in the Tumor Microenvironment and Expanded in Genomically Over-unstable Models
Authors: Morello Gaia , Cancila Valeria , La Rosa Massimo , Germano Giovanni , Lecis Daniele , Amodio Vito , Zanardi Federica , Iannelli Fabio , Greco Daniele , La Paglia Laura , Fiannaca Antonino , Urso Alfonso M. , Graziano Giulia , Ferrari Francesco , Pupa Serenella M. , Sangaletti Sabina , Chiodoni Claudia , Pruneri Giancarlo , Bardelli Alberto , Colombo Mario P. , Tripodo Claudio
Published: May 2021

Tumors undergo dynamic immunoediting as part of a process that balances immunologic sensing of emerging neoantigens and evasion from immune responses. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) comprise heterogeneous subsets of peripheral T cells characterized by diverse functional differentiation states and dependence on T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity gained through recombination events during their development. We hypothesized that within the tumor microenvironment (TME), an antigenic milieu and immunologic interface, tumor-infiltrating peripheral T cells could reexpress key elements of the TCR recombination machinery, namely, Rag1 and Rag2 recombinases and Tdt polymerase, as a potential mechanism involved in the revision of TCR specificity. Using two syngeneic invasive breast cancer transplantable models, 4T1 and TS/A, we observed that Rag1, Rag2, and Dntt in situ mRNA expression characterized rare tumor-infiltrating T cells. In situ expression of the transcripts was increased in coisogenic Mlh1-deficient tumors, characterized by genomic overinstability, and was also modulated by PD-1 immune-checkpoint blockade. Through immunolocalization and mRNA hybridization analyses, we detected the presence of rare TDT+RAG1/2+ cells populating primary tumors and draining lymph nodes in human invasive breast cancer. Analysis of harmonized single-cell RNA-sequencing data sets of human cancers identified a very small fraction of tumor-associated T cells, characterized by the expression of recombination/revision machinery transcripts, which on pseudotemporal ordering corresponded to differentiated effector T cells. We offer thought-provoking evidence of a TIL microniche marked by rare transcripts involved in TCR shaping.
5′ ALK Amplification in Neuroblastoma: A Case Report
Authors: Akhavanfard Sara , Nohr Erik , AlNajjar Mohammad , Haughn Mollie , Hashimoto Sayaka , Deeg Carol , Pfau Ruthann , Brundler Marie-Anne , Reshmi Shalini C.
Published: May 2021

Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infants younger than 12 months of age, occurring with an incidence of 1 in 100,000 children. The clinical outcome of neuroblastoma ranges from spontaneous regression to treatment-resistant progression and/or metastasis, and accounts for 8–10% of childhood cancer deaths. Segmental chromosomal aberrations, as well as MYCN and ALK amplification, are among factors contributing to an unfavorable genomic profile and high-risk disease classification. Here, we describe a 5-year-old male who presented with a large right renal neuroblastoma tumor having lung and liver metastases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated the presence of >20 copies of the 5′ region of the ALK gene in 26% of cells examined. Subsequent copy number assessment did not confirm ALK amplification, but revealed a gain of exons 2–5 of ALK, consistent with increased copy number for the 5′ region of the ALK gene. Subsequent array analysis showed the presence of other unfavorable prognostic genomic features, including segmental gain of the 17q region and amplification of the long arm of chromosome 12 harboring CDK4 and MDM2, both reported to be poor prognostic indicators in patients with atypical clinical features in neuroblastoma. Taken together, this report illustrates the importance of careful interpretation of aberrant FISH findings and subsequent use of orthogonal methods to clarify the presence of genomic alterations to successfully determine potential treatment targets.
Semiótica, poder e intolerância: populismo, direitos humanos e a crise do Estado Democrático de Direito
Authors: Bittar Eduardo Carlos Bianca
Published: May 2021

Este artigo trata dos riscos da derrisão dos valores centrais para o Estado Democrático de Direito, a partir da ascensão dos discursos políticos autoritários, dos discursos de ódio e da multiplicação da intolerância no mundo contemporâneo. Por isso, considera a importância da contribuição analítico-discursiva da Semiótica Geral, da Semiótica do Poder e da Semiótica do Direito. A análise dos discursos permite desvelar a forma pela qual a propaganda populista manipula os indivíduos a partir do apelo aos regimes de estesia e manipulação. Assim, a racionalidade das instituições democráticas, o tempo e o diálogo como pré-condições para o exercício democrático, a garantia da diversidade e do pluralismo vão se erodindo, enquanto crescem as concessões ao poder e as manifestações de intolerâncias. Daí a importância que a Semiótica tem para a promoção do regime de participação, essencial para o Estado Democrático de Direito, uma vez sensivelmente afetado pela crise contemporânea.
Sem palco nem palanque? Apontamentos sobre as figuras do herói e do bufão no imaginário da política brasileira
Authors: Fischer Sandra , Vaz Aline
Published: May 2021

O artigo trata de procedimentos estéticos relacionados, nos termos da sociossemiótica, às construções figurativas do bufão e do herói (Landowski, 2002), a partir da seleção e da análise de imagens de opositores políticos divulgadas em redes sociais ou veículos jornalísticos. Em 2018, Jair Bolsonaro, então candidato do Partido Social Liberal (PSL), fez uso de uma estética atrelada ao doméstico e ao improviso, ‘dando-se a conhecer’ na expressão do bufonismo, de modo isolado e em oposição ao lulismo, fenômeno político de esquerda representado pela figura de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, líder do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), que constrói uma estética do ‘ser e estar junto’ em ações coletivistas, associando-se aos preceitos do heroico. O estudo apresenta reflexões concernentes ao imaginário bolsonarista em contraposição ao imaginário lulista.
O observador cognitivo e a adaptação fílmica do espaço
Authors: Gomes Junior Edison
Published: May 2021

Em nossa análise da adaptação fílmica de uma cena do romance Paranoid Park, são discutidos e explorados três conceitos da semiótica discursiva: a existência, em todo tipo de texto, verbal e não verbal, de um observador / informante, elaborado a partir de dimensões cognitivas, pragmáticas e tímicas do discurso; a modalização cognitiva do espaço, executada pelo observador/informante que gera contratos fiduciários entre o observador e o que denominaremos enunciatário-observatário; e o plano fílmico, entendido como cifra tensiva proxêmico-gestual, capaz de tonalidade própria, construída a partir da composição de plasticidades, movimentos e tomadas de distância do observado. Dessa forma, os conteúdos plásticos e cinemáticos do cinema serão vistos tanto como texto audiovisual, assim como texto proxêmico-gestual tensivo e corporificado, capazes de gestos lúdicos e estéticos. A cena analisada, que narra o fato desencadeador da narrativa, e que denominamos, a partir da semiótica tensiva, acontecimento, revela que o observador utiliza duas estratégias diferentes de enunciação do espaço, imprimindo diferentes andamentos ao discurso. A primeira parte da sequência será pragmática e intensa, relacionada à ação e ao espaço exterior; a segunda será tímica e mais intensa, relacionada à emoção, ao sensível, e ao espaço interior.
A mentira e o humor no discurso político brasileiro
Authors: Barros Diana Luz Pessoa de
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, nossa proposta é a de aproximar discursos mentirosos, poéticos e humorísticos para tratar, no quadro dos estudos semióticos sobre a veridicção, dos dois tipos de estratégias discursivas mais usadas atualmente nos discursos políticos brasileiros. São elas as estratégias dos discursos mentirosos e os procedimentos de humor e poeticidade de charges, memes e outros, divulgados, nos dois casos, sobretudo, nas redes sociais. Cada um dos tipos de estratégia é usado preferencialmente pelos adeptos de posições políticas diferentes. A extrema direita no Brasil emprega nas redes sociais, com mais frequência, os discursos baseados na mentira, enquanto a esquerda brasileira tem preferido os recursos do humor e do poético.
Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Toxicities Associated With Immunotherapies
Authors: Baik Alan H. , Oluwole Olalekan O. , Johnson Douglas B. , Shah Nina , Salem Joe-Elie , Tsai Katy K. , Moslehi Javid J.
Published: May 2021

Immune-based therapies have revolutionized cancer treatments. Cardiovascular sequelae from these treatments, however, have emerged as critical complications, representing new challenges in cardio-oncology. Immune therapies include a broad range of novel drugs, from antibodies and other biologics, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and bispecific T-cell engagers, to cell-based therapies, such as chimeric-antigen receptor T-cell therapies. The recognition of immunotherapy-associated cardiovascular side effects has also catapulted new research questions revolving around the interactions between the immune and cardiovascular systems, and the signaling cascades affected by T cell activation, cytokine release, and immune system dysregulation. Here, we review the specific mechanisms of immune activation from immunotherapies and the resulting cardiovascular toxicities associated with immune activation and excess cytokine production.
Team Science: American Heart Association’s Hypertension Strategically Focused Research Network Experience
Authors: Santillan Mark K. , Becker Richard C. , Calhoun David A. , Cowley Allen W. , Flynn Joseph T. , Grobe Justin L. , Kotchen Theodore A. , Lackland Daniel T. , Leslie Kimberly K. , Liang Mingyu , Mattson David L. , Meyers Kevin E. , Mitsnefes Mark M. , Muntner Paul M. , Pierce Gary L. , Pollock Jennifer S. , Sigmund Curt D. , Thomas Stephen J. , Urbina Elaine M. , Kidambi Srividya
Published: May 2021

In 2015, the American Heart Association awarded 4-year funding for a Strategically Focused Research Network focused on hypertension composed of 4 Centers: Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and University of Iowa. Each center proposed 3 integrated (basic, clinical, and population science) projects around a single area of focus relevant to hypertension. Along with scientific progress, the American Heart Association put a significant emphasis on training of next-generation hypertension researchers by sponsoring 3 postdoctoral fellows per center over 4 years. With the center projects being spread across the continuum of basic, clinical, and population sciences, postdoctoral fellows were expected to garner experience in various types of research methodologies. The American Heart Association also provided a number of leadership development opportunities for fellows and investigators in these centers. In addition, collaboration was highly encouraged among the centers (both within and outside the network) with the American Heart Association providing multiple opportunities for meeting and expanding associations. The area of focus for the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Center was hypertension and target organ damage in children utilizing ambulatory blood pressure measurements. The Medical College of Wisconsin Center focused on epigenetic modifications and their role in pathogenesis of hypertension using human and animal studies. The University of Alabama at Birmingham Center’s areas of research were diurnal blood pressure patterns and clock genes. The University of Iowa Center evaluated copeptin as a possible early biomarker for preeclampsia and vascular endothelial function during pregnancy. In this review, challenges faced and successes achieved by the investigators of each of the centers are presented.
FXYD1 Is Protective Against Vascular Dysfunction
Authors: Bubb Kristen J. , Tang Owen , Gentile Carmine , Moosavi Seyed M. , Hansen Thomas , Liu Chia-Chi , Di Bartolo Belinda A. , Figtree Gemma A.
Published: May 2021

Nitric oxide (NO) production by eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) is critical for vascular health. Oxidative stress-induced uncoupling of eNOS leads to decreased NO bioavailability, compounded by increased superoxide generation. FXYD1 (FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1), a caveolar protein, protects against oxidative inhibition of the Na
+
-K
+
-ATPase. We hypothesized that FXYD1 may afford a similar inhibition of oxidative dysregulation of eNOS, providing a broader protection within caveolae. FXYD1-eNOS colocalization was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation in heart protein and by proximity ligation assay in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The functional nature of this partnership was shown by silencing FXYD1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, where 50% decreased NO and 2-fold augmented superoxide was shown. Three-dimensional cocultured cardiac spheroids generated from FXYD1 knockout mice were incapable of acetylcholine-induced NO production. Overexpression of FXYD1 in HEK293 cells revealed a possible mechanism, where FXYD1 protected against redox modification of eNOS cysteines. In vivo, vasodilation in response to increasing doses of bradykinin was impaired in knockout mice, and this was rescued in mice by delivery of FXYD1 protein packaged in exosomes. Bloods vessels extracted from knockout mice exhibited increased oxidative and nitrosative stress with evidence of reduce eNOS phosphorylation. Impaired vascular function and augmented superoxide generation were also evident in diabetic knockout mice. Despite this, blood pressure was similar in wildtype and knockout mice, but after chronic angiotensin II infusion, knockout of FXYD1 was associated with a heightened blood pressure response. FXYD1 protects eNOS from dysregulated redox signaling and is protective against both hypertension and diabetic vascular oxidative stress.
Mineralocorticoid and Estrogen Receptors in Endothelial Cells Coordinately Regulate Microvascular Function in Obese Female Mice
Authors: Biwer Lauren A. , Carvajal Brigett V. , Lu Qing , Man Joshua J. , Jaffe Iris Z.
Published: May 2021

Obesity impairs endothelial-mediated vasodilation, the earliest step in vascular disease and a contributor to hypertension. We previously demonstrated that endothelial cell MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) deletion prevents obesity-induced microvascular dysfunction in females by increasing nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation. ERα (Estrogen receptor α) can oppose MR function, therefore, we hypothesized that ERα mediates the benefits of endothelial MR deficiency. Females lacking endothelial MR or wild-type littermates were fed control or high-fat diet for 20 weeks to cause obesity. MR deletion improved mesenteric artery endothelial-dependent vasodilation in obese females, and ex vivo ERα inhibition negated this protective effect. Endothelial MR deletion resulted in significantly more ERα mRNA and protein. In vitro, estrogen increased endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation, and this was inhibited by aldosterone and dependent on MR. Both proteins coimmunoprecipitated with striatin and a mimetic peptide that disrupts ERα-striatin binding also decreased MR-striatin interaction. Finally, removing endothelial MR in obese females restored endothelial function by increasing the NO component of vasodilation. Combined deletion of endothelial ERα negated the benefit of endothelial MR deletion. These results indicate that endothelial ERα prevents the detrimental effects of MR in obesity by increasing NO to rescue vasodilation in females. MR and ERα may compete for striatin binding within endothelial cells to regulate NO. These data identify a novel mechanism that promotes MR antagonism to prevent obesity-induced microvascular dysfunction in females.
Effect of Amiodarone and Hypothermia on Arrhythmia Substrates During Resuscitation
Authors: Piktel Joseph S. , Suen Yi , Kouk Shalen , Maleski Danielle , Pawlowski Gary , Laurita Kenneth R. , Wilson Lance D.
Published: May 2021

Background

Amiodarone is administered during resuscitation, but its antiarrhythmic effects during targeted temperature management are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of both therapeutic hypothermia and amiodarone on arrhythmia substrates during resuscitation from cardiac arrest.

Methods and Results

We utilized 2 complementary models: (1) In vitro no‐flow global ischemia canine left ventricular transmural wedge preparation. Wedges at different temperatures (36°C or 32°C) were given 5 µmol/L amiodarone (36‐Amio or 32‐Amio, each n=8) and subsequently underwent ischemia and reperfusion. Results were compared with previous controls. Optical mapping was used to measure action potential duration, dispersion of repolarization (DOR), and conduction velocity (CV). (2) In vivo pig model of resuscitation. Pigs (control or targeted temperature management, 32–34°C) underwent ischemic cardiac arrest and were administered amiodarone (or not) after 8 minutes of ventricular fibrillation. In vitro: therapeutic hypothermia but not amiodarone prolonged action potential duration. During ischemia, DOR increased in the 32‐Amio group versus 32‐Alone (84±7 ms versus 40±7 ms,
P
<0.05) while CV slowed in the 32‐Amio group. Amiodarone did not affect CV, DOR, or action potential duration during ischemia at 36°C. Conduction block was only observed at 36°C (5/8 36‐Amio versus 6/7 36‐Alone, 0/8 32‐Amio, versus 0/7 32‐Alone). In vivo: QTc decreased upon reperfusion from ischemia that was ameliorated by targeted temperature management. Amiodarone did not worsen DOR or CV. Amiodarone suppressed rearrest caused by ventricular fibrillation (7/8 without amiodarone, 2/7 with amiodarone,
P
=0.041), but not pulseless electrical activity (2/8 without amiodarone, 5/7 with amiodarone,
P
=0.13).

Conclusions

Although amiodarone abolishes a beneficial effect of therapeutic hypothermia on ischemia‐induced DOR and CV, it did not worsen susceptibility to ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation during resuscitation.
Revision of Palaearctic Idiotypa (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae, Diapriinae, Spilomicrini)
Authors: CHEMYREVA VASILISA G. , NOTTON DAVID G. , ZALDÍVAR-RIVERÓN ALEJANDRO
Published: May 2021

A revision of the Palaearctic species of the genus Idiotypa Förster is provided. The genus Eunuchopria Szabó, 1961 is a junior synonym of Idiotypa Förster, 1856 syn. n. and the new combination Idiotypa nitens (Szabó, 1961) comb. n., is established. Dublicate original spellings I. marii and I. mariae are resolved by first reviser action; I. mariae is now the correct original spelling. Lectotypes are designated for Idiotypa mariae and I. maritima. New synonymy is proposed: I. maritima (Haliday, 1833) = I. rufiventris (Thomson, 1858) syn. n.; = I. nigriceps Kieffer, 1909 syn. n.; = I. nigriceps Kieffer, 1911 syn. n. The three valid species I. mariae Gregor, 1939, I. maritima (Haliday, 1833) and I. nitens (Szabó, 1961) are redescribed, illustrated and keyed.
Taxonomy of ‘Euconnus complex’. Part XXII. Status of subgenera Allonapochus Franz, Dimorphoconnus Franz, Eupentarius Reitter, and Myrmecodytes Croissandeau (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: May 2021

Type specimens of the type species of Allonapochus Franz, Dimorphoconnus Franz, Eupentarius Reitter, and Myrmecodytes Croissandeau were examined. As a result, Allonapochus is placed as a junior synonym of Napochus Thomson; Dimorphoconnus is placed as a junior synonym of Tetramelus Motschulsky; Euconophron Reitter is placed as a junior synonym of Eupentarius Reitter; and Myrmecodytes is placed as a junior synonym of Euconnus s. str. In addition, comparisons of differences and similarities between Tetramelus-like subgenera of Euconnus resulted in placing Heteroconnus Franz and Paratetramelus Franz as junior synonyms of Tetramelus. A lectotype is designated for Scydmaenus pharaonis Motschulsky.
Description of two new genera and two new species of antipatharian corals in the family Aphanipathidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia)
Authors: OPRESKO DENNIS M. , BO MARZIA , STEIN DAVID P. , EVANKOW ANN , DISTEL DANIEL L. , BRUGLER MERCER R.
Published: May 2021

Two new genera and two new species of black corals are recognized in the family Aphanipathidae. The new genus Anozopathes, with the species A. hawaiiensis sp. nov. and A. palauensis, sp. nov. is characterized by a sparsely and irregularly branched corallum with relatively long branches which can be straight, curved or crooked. The genus Aphanostichopathes, with the type species Cirripathes paucispina Brook, is characterized by an unbranched corallum with a long, curved stem with loose distal coils. Mitochondrial DNA data (nad5-IGR-nad1 for Anozopathes and cox3-cox1 for Aphanostichopathes) indicate that both taxa are related to the genera Aphanipathes, Phanopathes and Acanthopathes in the family Aphanipathidae, and morphologically they both share the characteristic of having spines with distinct conical tubercles. The two new species of Anozopathes are separated primarily by differences in colony growth form and in the size and shape of the skeletal spines. Species of Aphanostichopathes are separated primarily by differences in the size and shape of the spines and by size and density of the tubercles on the surface of the spines.
Patterns and predictors of trajectories for subjective quality of life in patients with early psychosis: Three-year follow-up of the randomized controlled trial on extended early intervention
Authors: Kam Candice Tze Kwan , Chang Wing Chung , Kwong Vivian Wing Yan , Lau Emily Sin Ki , Chan Gloria Hoi Kei , Jim Olivia Tsz Ting , Hui Christy Lai Ming , Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Lee Edwin Ho Ming , Chen Eric Yu Hai
Published: May 2021

Objective:

Subjective quality of life is an important outcome of psychotic disorders. However, longitudinal course of subjective quality of life in the early illness stage is under-studied. We aimed to investigate the patterns and baseline predictors of subjective quality of life trajectories over 3 years in early psychosis patients, utilizing growth mixing modeling analysis, in the context of a 3-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial comparing 1-year extension of early intervention with step-down psychiatric care for first-episode psychosis.

Method:

One hundred sixty Chinese patients were recruited from specialized early intervention program for first-episode psychosis in Hong Kong after they had completed this 2-year early intervention service, and underwent 1-year randomized controlled trial as well as 2-year post–randomized controlled trial follow-up (i.e. 3-year follow-up). Assessments on premorbid adjustment, onset profile, psychopathology, functioning and treatment characteristics were conducted. Individual class membership of subjective quality of life trajectory derived from growth mixing modeling was based on the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey mental component summary scores measured at four different time-points (baseline, 1, 2 and 3 years) among 142 participants across 3-year follow-up.

Results:

Three distinct subjective quality of life trajectories were identified including higher-improving (68.3%, n = 97), lower-stable (24.6%, n = 35) and deteriorating (7%, n = 10) trajectories. Age of onset; duration of untreated psychosis; depressive, positive and negative symptoms; and intervention condition were significantly different between good (higher-improving trajectory) and poor (combined lower-stable and deteriorating trajectories) trajectory groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that younger age of onset, more severe depression and receipt of step-down care independently predicted poor subjective quality of life trajectory.

Conclusion:

Approximately one-third of patients displayed poor subjective quality of life trajectory in the early phase of psychotic illness. Our results affirm depression as a critical determinant of prospective subjective quality of life and underscores positive effect of extended early intervention on sustained subjective quality of life improvement. Further longitudinal research is warranted to facilitate better characterization of subjective quality of life course patterns and development of targeted intervention to optimize subjective quality of life in patients with early psychosis.
Eupsychian Versus Authoritarian Leadership: Existential–Humanistic Underpinnings and Empirical Support
Authors: Bland Andrew M. , Swords Brett A.
Published: May 2021

This article surveys Maslow’s views on eupsychian leadership and how his vision of eupsychia may be regarded as a contemporary expression of the Greek philosophical notion of the Good. This involves actively and ongoingly cultivating cultural conditions that promote awe-based creative living in accordance with human nature, authentic freedom, and social justice in the interest of developing character via self-determination. Then we outline essential qualities of Maslow’s notion of eupsychia as they have been empirically validated by Rego et al.’s qualitative study of the characteristics and outcomes of eupsychian (humanistic) versus antieupsychian (authoritarian) leadership. The findings thereof also provide a heuristic framework for integrating the results of numerous quantitatively-based research studies in recent international applied psychology literature. This applied leadership literature both (a) satisfies Maslow’s call for empirical research to guide perspective-taking and decision-making when considering the possible practical implementation of a eupsychian society and (b) provides empirical support for his dynamic systemic and synergistic theorizing on leadership.
Gender equality and paid parental leave in Australia: A decade of giant leaps or baby steps?
Authors: Baird Marian , Hamilton Myra , Constantin Andreea
Published: May 2021

The year 2020 marks the 10th anniversary of the Australian Paid Parental Leave Act 2010. Using Baird’s orientations typology and Brighouse and Wright’s equality framework, with evidence from the Workplace Agreements Database and the Workplace Gender Equality Agency, this article assesses changes in policy, bargaining and company provisions over the decade. We find that policy changes may enable more fathers and partners to take leave, although the period is short and barriers to uptake exist. In bargaining and company policy, we find modest growth in the proportion of agreements with paid primary and paid secondary carer leave provisions, but no movement in the duration of the leaves, with secondary carer leave much shorter. We conclude that although these changes suggest growing attention to improving women’s working conditions and fathers’ access to parental leave, short secondary carer leaves set normative standards of fathers as ‘supporters’ rather than recognising substantive involvement in care. Consequently, the changes do not promote gender-egalitarian sharing of parental leave. While the introduction of the government scheme was a ‘giant leap’, the 10 years since have seen modest ‘baby steps’ towards greater gender equality in the availability and potential use of paid parental leave.
Numerical simulation on year-round performance of water-flow window with different shading control modes
Authors: Li Chunying , Tang Haida , Tan Junyi , Li Cuimin , Yang Yinan , Zeng Fanbo
Published: May 2021

Water-flow window combines the functions of transparent building envelop, solar collector, as well as sun shading. Coloured particles are added to the flowing water within window cavity in order to provide extra shading, prevent indoor glare and enhance solar collection. The energy consumption of both air-conditioning system and water heating device can be further reduced. The aim of present investigation is to predict and analyze the year-round energy performance of a well-insulated water-flow window with different shading control modes. Accordingly, physical model of water-flow window is built up. FORTRAN program is developed and utilized in the numerical simulation.

Results show that water-flow window can achieve exceptional sun blocking and cooling load reduction without occupying extra space. The year-round solar energy collection efficiency is within the range of 17.95∼21.06%. At the same time, indoor heat gain through the window can be reduced by around 50% compared with common double-layer window. The water-flow window under discussion has great application potential in buildings with constant hot water demand and high-density air-conditioning cooling load. In practice, the shading control mode should be carefully decided, and factors including climate region, hot water demand, window size and occupants' preference on indoor light environment should be taken into consideration. Numerical simulation proves to be an efficient method in predicting the energy performance of similar innovative-designed windows and a good assist in decision-making of real projects.
Measuring emotional music experience: Spreading activation and BRECVEMA mechanisms
Authors: Völker Juliane
Published: May 2021

Spreading activation in the cognitive network explains why music is experienced as familiar or likable. It might also be a premise for the emotion-inducing mechanisms of the BRECVEMA framework (Brain stem reflexes, Rhythmic entrainment, Evaluative conditioning, Contagion, Visual imagery, Episodic memory, Musical expectancy, Aesthetic judgment). Both perspectives constitute important aspects of music experience and are influenced by individual differences. In two studies ( n = 125 and n = 153), potential indicators for spreading activation and BRECVEMA mechanisms for single instances of music listening were assessed with a new questionnaire. The results indicated that Typicality of music, Liking, and attentional Engagement underlie spreading activation. The mechanisms Evaluative conditioning and Contagion in unison (Conditioning/Contagion), as well as Visual imagery and Episodic memory could be reliably assessed. Findings revealed that (a) Engagement, Conditioning/Contagion, and Visual imagery increased with musical expertise; (b) spreading activation and mechanisms were stronger when listening to self- rather than pre-selected music; (c) sad music evoked stronger Engagement, Conditioning/Contagion, and Episodic memory when it was self-selected; (d) spreading activation and mechanisms were associated with music empathizing and systemizing and the emotion regulation strategy reappraisal; and finally, (e) regulating sadness with sad music was associated with habitual suppression and stronger Conditioning/Contagion.
E-diary use in clinical headache practice: A prospective observational study
Authors: van Casteren Daphne S , Verhagen Iris E , de Boer Irene , de Vries Lentsch Simone , Fronczek Rolf , van Zwet Erik W , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette , Terwindt Gisela M
Published: May 2021

Aim

To determine whether our E-diary can be used to diagnose migraine and provide more reliable migraine-related frequency numbers compared to patients’ self-reported estimates.

Methods

We introduced a self-developed E-diary including automated algorithms differentiating headache and migraine days, indicating whether a patient has migraine. Reliability of the E-diary diagnosis in combination with two previously validated E-questionnaires was compared to a physician’s diagnosis as gold standard in headache patients referred to the Leiden Headache Clinic (n = 596). In a subset of patients with migraine (n = 484), self-estimated migraine-related frequencies were compared to diary-based results.

Results

The first migraine screening approach including an E-headache questionnaire, and the E-diary revealed a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 17%. In the second approach, an E-migraine questionnaire was added, resulting in a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 69%. Mean self-estimated monthly migraine days, non-migrainous headache days and days with acute medication use were different from E-diary-based results (absolute mean difference ± standard deviation respectively 4.7 ± 5.0, 6.2 ± 6.6 and 4.3 ± 4.8).

Conclusion

The E-diary including algorithms differentiating headache and migraine days showed usefulness in diagnosing migraine. The use emphasised the need for E-diaries to obtain reliable information, as patients do not reliably recall numbers of migraine days and acute medication intake. Adding E-diaries will be helpful in future headache telemedicine.
Performance-Based and Evidence-Based Approach to Research Implementation at the Georgia Department of Transportation
Authors: Bui Binh , Amekudzi-Kennedy Adjo , Clark Russell , Smith-Colin Janille , Amoaning-Yankson Stephanie
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the Georgia Department of Transportation’s (GDOT’s) performance-based and evidence-based approach to research implementation. Transportation agencies in the United States spend hundreds of millions of dollars on research, development, and technology transfer annually. From a performance-based standpoint, agencies will realize higher returns on investment and higher impacts of their research programs as research is implemented more effectively and efficiently. From an evidence-based standpoint, requesting evidence of research implementation as implementation deliverables from the outset of the project requires the project research team and other staff to think through and incorporate in the project plan explicit ways in which the research will be implemented. GDOT’s performance-based approach to research program management treats research implementation as part of an overall asset management business process. This process integrates technical, human, organizational, and external resources to encourage, track, and monitor research implementation activities toward achieving agency strategic objectives, using an evidence-based approach. The paper discusses the adoption of a performance-based and evidence-based process, and a research implementation management tool, and their application in the development of the fiscal year 2018 Annual Research Implementation Report as well as its impact within and beyond the agency. This paper is potentially useful to transportation practitioners and agencies that want to adopt a performance-based and evidence-based approach to augment return on research investment.
Lane-Change Gaming Decision Control Based on Multiple Targets Evaluation for Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Deng Hangyun , Chen Guangda
Published: May 2021

Automatic lane change is one of the most important highway operations. It seriously affects traffic efficiency and safety. It is also an important driving technology for automatic driving. To achieve the best automatic lane-change control, it is necessary to achieve the control from the perspective of multi-objective evaluation. In this paper, to make it applicable for a hybrid condition of car following and lane change, the traditional car-following model is modified by regarding the longitudinal motion during the lane-changing process as a transition of the car-following behavior in the two lanes before and after a certain lane-change behavior. A hyperbolic tangent transition function is introduced to connect the model to achieve a smooth transition of the model output. Then, the discretionary lane-change decision process of highway autonomous vehicles is modeled into a two-vehicle game model, and a comprehensive loss function concerning safety, efficiency, and ride comfort is proposed for the evaluation of the strategies. The optimal strategy is obtained by minimizing the expectation of losses. Finally, to verify the performance of the proposed new model, simulations of different car-following and lane-changing models are carried out, which is for multi-target simulation conditions. The results of the simulation show that the new model exhibits higher traffic efficiency, better homogeneity, and stability.
Providing Telephone-Based Support for Patients With Haematological Malignancies: A Qualitative Investigation of Expert Nurses
Authors: Liptrott Sarah J. , Bee Penny , Lovell Karina
Published: May 2021

Background

Telephone-based interventions are frequently used to address cancer patient’s needs, often delivered by nurses; however, little is known about nurses’ opinions of such interventions.

Purpose

The objective of this study was to investigate expert nurses’ perceptions of hemato-oncology patient’s needs, use of telephone interventions providing support and symptom management and intervention acceptability from a service provider perspective. A qualitative study was undertaken with focus group and individual interview. Inductive and deductive data analysis was performed using Framework Analysis and the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.

Results

Two themes emerged: (1) perceived needs of haemato-oncology patients across the cancer trajectory – multifactorial influences, dynamic information needs, and continuity of care, (2) acceptability for nurses delivering interventions was determined by identification of need, agreed expectations and organisational support for the intervention.

Conclusions

Greater understanding of contextual factors for recipients and individuals delivering healthcare interventions may contribute to identification of potential barriers and facilitators to adoption in clinical practice.
US LI-RADS Visualization Score: Interobserver Variability and Association With Cause of Liver Disease, Sex, and Body Mass Index
Authors: Kiri Lauren , Abdolell Mohamed , Costa Andreu F. , Keough Valerie , Rowe Judy , Butt Robinette , Clarke Sharon E.
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

To evaluate the interobserver agreement between radiologists using the Ultrasound Liver Reporting And Data System (US LI-RADS) visualization score and assess association between visualization score and cause of liver disease, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

Methods:

This retrospective, single institution, cross-sectional study evaluated 237 consecutive hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance US examinations between March 4, 2017 and September 4, 2017. Five abdominal radiologists independently assigned a US LI-RADS visualization score (A, no or minimal limitations; B, moderate limitations; C, severe limitations). Interobserver agreement was assessed with a weighted Kappa statistic. Association between US visualization score (A vs B or C) and cause of liver disease, sex, and BMI (< or ≥ 25 kg/m2) was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

The average weighted Kappa statistic for all raters was 0.51. A score of either B or C was assigned by the majority of radiologists in 148/237 cases and was significantly associated with cause of liver disease ( P = 0.014) and elevated BMI ( P < 0.001). Subjects with viral liver disease were 3.32 times (95% CI: 1.44-8.38) more likely to have a score of A than those with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ( P = 0.007). The adjusted odds ratio of visualization score A was 0.249 (95% CI: 0.13-0.48) among those whose BMI was ≥25 kg/m2 vs. BMI < 25 kg/m2.

Conclusion:

Interobserver agreement between radiologists using US LI-RADS score was moderate. The majority of US examinations were scored as having moderate or severe limitations, and this was significantly associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and increased BMI.
The Ethnopolitical Motivation behind the Formation of New Municipalities in Montenegro
Authors: Vukićević Boris , Šturanović Petar
Published: May 2021

In this article, we deal with the problematics of the creation of new municipalities in Montenegro. We put the ongoing legal and political dynamics regarding local government organization in Montenegro in their historical and regional context before analyzing the political developments that led to movements for the formation of new municipalities. We explore specific cases in order to examine the ethnic/national background of such movements and to study the causes and consequences of such a way of creating local organizational units. As the central issue is the influence of ethnopolitics on the formation of local administration units in Montenegro, particular emphasis is placed on how the dynamics of Montenegrin party politics influence the country’s legislative framework of local administration and its implementation. The article analyzes the role of the parties representing national minorities in the decentralization process, and the developments of minority–majority relations in regard to local ethnopolitics. It also investigates the effects of decentralization in Montenegro on ethnic tensions and strengthening of local ethnic identities over national identity. As there was no existing literature dealing with ethnic decentralization in Montenegro, this article attempts to fill a gap in this research area. Through our analysis of the case of Montenegro, we try to emphasize and compare wider tendencies in the post-Yugoslav Western Balkans, using a combination of legal, political, and historical sciences perspectives. Population censuses and legal sources are used, showing the volatility and diversity of the ethnonational map of Montenegro; besides, a number of legal documents are extensively analyzed.
Exploring a Hidden Epidemic: Drowning Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older
Authors: Clemens Tessa , Peden Amy E. , Franklin Richard C.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To explore trends in unintentional fatal drowning among older adults (65 years and older). Methods: Total population retrospective analysis of unintentional fatal drowning among people aged 65 years and older in Australia, Canada and New Zealand (2005–2014) was conducted. Results: 1459 older adults died. Rates ranged from 1.69 (Canada) to 2.20 (New Zealand) per 100,000. Trends in crude drowning rates were variable from year to year. A downward trend was observed in New Zealand (y = −.507ln(x) + 2.9918), with upward trends in Australia (y = .1056ln(x) + 1.5948) and Canada (y = .1489ln(x) + 1.4571). Population projections suggest high annual drowning deaths by 2050 in Australia (range: 120–190; 1.69–2.76/100,000) and Canada (range: 209–430; 1.78–3.66/100,000). Significant locations and activities associated with older adult drowning differed by country and age band. Conclusions: Drowning among older adults is a hidden epidemic claiming increasing lives as the population ages. Targeted drowning prevention strategies are urgently needed in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and other similar countries.
Clinicians’ experiences of inquiries following mental health related homicide: a qualitative study
Authors: Ng Lillian , Merry Alan F. , Paterson Ron , Merry Sally N.
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

This aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of clinicians involved with inquiries into the mental health care of patients who were perpetrators of homicide in New Zealand.

Methods:

Our purposive sample comprised ten clinicians working in New Zealand district health board mental health services. These clinicians were individually interviewed. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. The coding framework was checked and peer reviewed by an independent researcher.

Results:

Five themes were identified: the inquiry process; emotional burden; impact on team dynamics; changes to individual clinical practice; and perceptions of inquiries being influenced by organisational culture. Clinicians involved with inquiries reported significant anxiety and disrupted multidisciplinary team dynamics. Some participants found inquiries led to changes to their clinical practice and perceived that a punitive organisational culture limited learning.

Conclusions:

Clinicians perceived inquiries as threatening, anxiety provoking and primarily concerned with protecting organisational interests. Communication of the inquiry process and ensuring inquiry findings are disseminated may enhance clinicians’ experiences of inquiries and facilitate their participation and their reflection on changes to clinical practice that could contribute to improving services. Support for clinicians and multidisciplinary teams should be emphasised by the commissioning agency.
The Impact of Pandemic on Couples With Cancer: Examining the Role of Cancer-Related Communication on Cancer-Related Distress Via the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model
Authors: Rajaei Afarin
Published: May 2021

The present study draws attention to the significance of considering cancer-related communication on cancer-related distress through the vulnerability–stress–adaptation model among couples with cancer during the pandemic. This is a quantitative dyadic study with a sample of 80 couples ( N = 160). Dyadic data were analyzed among couples with cancer to examine the within-person (actor effects) and between-partner (partner effects) associations among links between cancer-related communication and cancer-related distress through the use of actor–partner interdependence models. Significant actor and partner effects were found for cancer-related communication in partners facing cancer, a factor that predicted cancer-related distress. The findings underscore the need to adopt a systemic perspective that accounts for multiple, simultaneous adaptive processes including cancer-related communication as influences on cancer-related distress in the time of COVID-19.
Keratin Granulomas in the Peritoneum on Frozen Section: A Case Report with Multiple Suspects and the Search for the Culprit
Authors: Katsakhyan Levon , Zhang Xiaoming , Reyes Maria C. , Schwartz Lauren E. , Haggerty Ashley F. , Cooper Kumarasen
Published: May 2021

Keratin granulomas in the peritoneum are a rare finding with multiple etiologies and can be especially challenging for both the pathologist and the surgeon when these lesions are grossly visible. We report a case of a unique frozen section diagnostic scenario of evaluation of keratin granulomas in the peritoneum of a 47-year-old woman in the setting of multiple potential culprits: endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma following fertility sparing treatment, and a concurrent dermoid cyst. We discuss the various etiologies of keratin granulomas in the peritoneum, mechanism of their formation, diagnostic significance, as well as implications of fertility sparing treatments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only case of keratin granulomas in the peritoneum with multiple distinct potential pathologic culprits as well the only case following fertility sparing treatment.
Articulating the canon: The sociology of medical education from 1980 to 2000
Authors: Vinson Alexandra H.
Published: May 2021

An exciting development in the sociology of medical education has been its recent return as a distinct scholarly conversation in medical sociology. During the 1980s and 1990s, the sociology of medical education, an historically prominent subfield in sociology, seemed to disappear from the scholarly conversation despite ongoing development in this area. In this narrative review I describe this “missing period” of sociology of medical education, discussing complementary explanations for why it receded and describing what research activity did take place during those decades. In reviewing this work, I argue that articulating theoretical advances made within sociology of medical education research during these decades allows us to link foundational research from the 1950s and 1960s with the renaissance of this subfield in the early 2000s. Fundamentally, understanding the intellectual history and development of this subfield supports a broader movement to understand the import of studies of medical training for exploring questions of interest in general sociology.