bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis comparativo de la manipulación fraseológica en las lenguas china y española
Authors: Fan Wu
Published: February 2016

Las unidades fraseológicas tanto en chino como en español presentan diversos tipos de manipulación creativa en el discurso para conseguir determinados efectos expresivos. El presente trabajo pretende analizar los procedimientos frecuentes de la modificación fraseológica de la lengua china para comparar con la fraseología española, a fin de poner de manifiesto sus coincidencias y diferencias. Se distinguen dos grupos principales: las modificaciones formales que afectan a la estructura sintáctica de una unidad fraseológica, las cuales comprenden los procedimientos como la adición, reducción, sustitución, modificación gramatical, fusión y combinación de diferentes modificaciones; y las modificaciones semánticas que afectan al significado canónico de la unidad, que son la doble actualización y la literalización.
Redefining the Proper Role of Government: Ultimate Definition in Reagan’s First Inaugural
Authors: Jones John M. , Rowland Robert C.
Published: February 2016

This essay examines Ronald Reagan’s first inaugural address. In this speech, Reagan used a strategy of “ultimate definition,” consisting of three components. First, the inaugural articulated a broad ideological worldview that prescribed a very limited role for government as the solution to the economic crisis. Second, it appealed to a value system that co-opted the progressive values of contemporary liberalism. Finally, it contained a powerful narration of that worldview in the form of an individualist story of the American Dream.
TFA and the magical thinking of the “best and the brightest”
Authors: Blumenreich Megan , Rogers Bethany
Published: February 2016

This article draws on oral history testimonies to examine the experiences of participants in the inaugural 1990 cohort of Teach For America (TFA)—a group of young people dubbed the “best and brightest” of their generation and tasked with “saving” urban education. For 25 years, TFA has operated according to the principle of the “best and brightest,” in which it is assumed that participants’ personal qualities and prior academic achievement can stand in for deep professional knowledge and experience. Yet as our data show, the presumptions—that any “smart” person should be able to pick up teaching by doing it, that there is no specialized knowledge needed in order to teach, and that “outsiders” with little knowledge of a school community and its families can “swoop in” and “rescue” underserved students—ultimately set up and demoralized the participants with whom we spoke when they could not live up to such unrealistic expectations.  Through participants’ words and experiences, framed in historical context, we raise questions about the myth of the “best and brightest,” the theory of action promoted by TFA, and what it takes to teach in urban classrooms.
Teach For America’s long arc: A critical race theory textual analysis of Wendy Kopp’s works
Authors: Barnes Michael , Germain Emily , Valenzuela Angela
Published: February 2016

We read and analyzed 165,000 words and uncover a series of counter-stories buried within a textual corpus, authored by Teach For America (TFA) founder Wendy Kopp (Kopp, 1989, 2001; Kopp & Farr, 2011), that offers insight into the forms of racism endemic to Teach For America. All three counter-stories align with a critical race theory (CRT) framework.  Specifically, we answer the following questions:  What evidence of institutional and epistemological racism is exposed by a CRT textual analysis of TFA’s founding document and later works by Wendy Kopp?  To what extent has TFA appropriated the language of culturally relevant pedagogy, while advancing an uninterrogated neoliberal ideology? And, to what extent does TFA’s contribution to a “culture of achievement” (Kopp & Farr, 2011) constitute an actual “poverty of culture” (Ladson-Billings, 2006a) that enacts real harms on communities of color?
Teach For America’s paradoxical diversity initiative: Race, policy, and Black teacher displacement in urban schools
Authors: White Terrenda C.
Published: February 2016

This article examines the paradox of Teach For America’s diversity gains and its support for policies that contribute to Black teacher decline in urban communities. TFA has countered claims that its expansion is connected to teacher displacement, but its two-pronged structure—as an alternative certification program and an influential policy actor via its leadership model for education reform—requires a critical analysis of the impact of its policy commitments on Black teachers. I propose steps to better align TFA’s policy orientations with its diversity values by leveraging TFA’s policy influence to support better working conditions for teachers in urban schools, democratic school turnarounds, and teacher organizing linked to broad social justice movements.
Making a digital game active: Examining the responses of students to the adapted active version
Authors: Inan Mehmet , Dervent Fatih
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between the responses to the digital and the active version of Angry Birds . Participants of this study were comprised of 26 secondary school students who enrolled in a state or a private school. The data for the study were collected during the 2012-2013 school years by using a three question semi-structured interview. The responses to the interviews were analyzed with the qualitative method of content analysis. 6 categories and 31 codes were emerged from the responses of the students. According to responses of the students, entertainment was the most cited category and mostly referred to active games. Negative emotions were controllable in the active game play even students found it more challenging. This study has implications to design game based educational programs.
A New Method for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) Blade Optimization
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Alireza , Farahat Said
Published: February 2016

Iran has a great potential for wind energy. This paper introduces optimization of 7 wind turbine blades for small and medium scales in a determined wind condition of Zabol site, Iran, where the average wind speed is considered 7 m /s. Considered wind turbines are 3 bladed and radius of 7 case study turbine blades are 4.5 m, 6.5 m, 8 m, 9 m, 10 m, 15.5 m and 20 m. As the first step, an initial design is performed using one airfoil (NACA 63-215) across the blade. In the next step, every blade is divided into three sections, while the 20 % of first part of the blade is considered as root, the 5% of last the part is considered as tip and the rest of the blade as mid part. Providing necessary input data, suitable airfoils for wind turbines including 43 airfoils are extracted and their experimental data are entered in optimization process. Three variables in this optimization problem would be airfoil type, attack angle and chord, where the objective function is maximum output torque. A MATLAB code was written for design and optimization of the blade, which was validated with a previous experimental work. In addition, a comparison was made to show the effect of optimization with two variables (airfoil type and attack angle) versus optimization with three variables (airfoil type, attack angle and chord) on output torque increase. Results of this research shows a dramatic increase in comparison to initial designed blade with one airfoil where two variable optimization causes 7.7% to 22.27 % enhancement and three variable optimization causes 17.91% up to 24.48% rise in output torque .Article History: Received Oct 15, 2015; Received in revised form January 2, 2016; Accepted January 14, 2016; Available online How to Cite This Article: Mohammadi, M., Mohammadi, A. and Farahat, S. (2016) A New Method for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) Blade Optimization. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(1),1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.1.1-8
Assessment of Wind Energy Potential in Golestan Province of Iran
Authors: Hashemi-Tilehnoee Mehdi , Khaleghi Masoud , Babayani Dayan
Published: February 2016

Renewable energy sources are estimated to have a thriving future in many countries as well as Iran. The aim of this work is the evaluation of wind energy potentiality for the five counties of Golestan province in the northern region of Iran. A long term data source, consisting of  30 years in Gorgan, 22 years in Gonbade-e Qabus, 21 years in Maraveh Tappeh, 9 years in Aliabad, and 7 years in Bandar-e Turkaman of eight-hourly mean wind data, was adopted and analyzed. Mean wind power based on quantified data, Weibull distribution function, the relative percentage error (RPE) and wind direction between obtaining values of wind power has been considered. According to these data, it was found that the numerical values of the shape parameter and scale parameter for Golestan varied a tight range. Annual values of ‘‘k’’ ranged from 2.7 to 4.7 where it is constant in different elevation because of better performance of this method in estimating wind energy potential, while annual values of ‘‘c’’ were in the range of 2.6 m/s in 10 m and 7.6 m/s in 40 m. Wind power densities have been estimated and relatively low for large wind turbines. The consequences indicate that in some months Maraveh Tappeh and Bandar-e Turkaman has best wind energy potential, as class 2, in order to establish some small wind turbine models for the sustainable development of Golestan province. Article History: Received Sept 13, 2015; Received in revised form Dec 27, 2015; Accepted January 17, 2016; Available online How to Cite This Article: Babayani, D., Khaleghi, M. and Hashemi-Tilehnoee, M. (2016) Assessment of Wind Energy Potential in Golestan Province of Iran. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(1), 25-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.1.25-31
Design, Analysis and Optimization of a Solar Dish/Stirling System
Authors: Nazemi Seyyed Danial , Boroushaki Mehrdad
Published: February 2016

In this paper, a mathematical model by which the thermal and physical behavior of a solar dish/Stirling system was investigated, then the system was designed, analysed and optimized. In this regard, all of heat losses in a dish/Stirling system were calculated, then, the output net-work of the Stirling engine was computed, and accordingly, the system efficiency was worked out. These heat losses include convection and conduction heat losses, radiation heat losses by emission in the cavity receiver, reflection heat losses of solar energy in the parabolic dish, internal and external conduction heat losses, energy dissipation by pressure drops, and energy losses by shuttle effect in displacer piston in the Stirling engine. All of these heat losses in the parabolic dish, cavity receiver and Stirling engine were calculated using mathematical modeling in MatlabTM software. For validation of the proposed model, a 10 kW solar dish/Stirling system was designed and the simulation results were compared with the Eurodish system data with a reasonable degree of agreement. This model is used to investigate the effect of geometric and thermodynamic parameters including the aperture diameter of the parabolic dish and the cavity receiver, and the pressure of the compression space of the Stirling engine, on the system performance. By using the PSO method, which is an intelligent optimization technique, the total design was optimized and the optimal values of decision-making parameters were determined. The optimization has been done in two scenarios. In the first scenario, the optimal value of each designed parameter has been changed when the other parameters are equal to the designed case study parameters. In the second scenario, all of parameters were assumed in their optimal values. By optimization of the modeled dish/Stirling system, the total efficiency of the system improved to 0.60% in the first scenario and it increased from 21.69% to 22.62% in the second scenario of the optimization, while the system variables changed slightly. Article History: Received Sept 28, 2015; Received in revised form January 08, 2016; Accepted February 15, 2016; Available online How to Cite This Article: Nazemi, S. D. and Boroushaki, M. (2016) Design, Analysis and Optimization of a Solar Dish/Stirling System. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(1), 33-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.1.33-42
Evaluating wind energy potential in Gorgan–Iran using two methods of Weibull distribution function
Authors: Hashemi-Tilehnoee Mehdi , Babayani Dayan , Khaleghi Masoud
Published: February 2016

In this study, wind energy characteristics of the, a city in northeast of Iran, measured at 10m height in 2014. The Gorgan airport one hour recorded data extrapolated to 50m height. The data have been statistically analyzed hourly, daily, monthly, seasonally and annually to determine the wind power potential. Weibull distribution function has been used to determine the wind power density and then the potential energy. Standard deviation method and power density method are the methods used to calculate the scaling and shaping parameters of the Weibull distribution function. The annual mean wind power calculated by the standard deviation method and the power density method is 38.98w/m2 and 41.32w/m2, respectively. By comparing the results concluded that the power density method is a better method than the standard deviation method. In addition, Gorgan wind energy potentiality categorized into class 1. So is unsuitable to utilize large wind energy turbine. Article History: Received November 21, 2015; Received in revised form January 15, 2016; Accepted February 10, 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Babayani, D., Khaleghi, M., Tashakor, S., and Hashemi-Tilehnoee.,M. (2016) Evaluating wind energy potential in Gorgan–Iran using two methods of Weibull distribution function. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(1), 43-48.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.1.43-48
Comparison of Flow Curves of AA 5457-O Sheet Material Determined by Hydraulic Bulge and Tensile Tests at Warm Forming Temperatures
Authors: Şükür Emine Feyza , Türköz Mevlüt , Dilmeç Murat , Halkacı Hüseyin Selçuk , Halkacı Mehmet
Published: February 2016

The deformation behavior of sheet materials changes according to temperature. It is possible that the formability of a material for different temperatures is investigated and the flow curves are obtained by using a hydraulic bulge test. Generally, biaxial stress state occurs in real forming processes. Flow curves can be derived from the hydraulic bulge test for the biaxial stress state, and the higher strain values can be achieved in comparison to the tensile test without extrapolation. Hydraulic bulge tests are preferred instead of tensile tests on account of presuming the problems can occur during the formation process of sheet material, being informed about the formability of material at the current pressure and temperature states, and obtaining flow curves to perform more accurate process simulations. In this study, the flow curves for the material AA5754-O were obtained using the warm bulge test and by considering the strain rates. The sections of the curves that can be used in simulation were identified, and these curves were comparatively investigated with respect to the curves obtained from the tensile test. In addition, case studies were performed in order to conduct more realisitic simulations using the results of the flow curves obtained from the bulge and tensile tests.
Coalescent Inference Using Serially Sampled, High-Throughput Sequencing Data from Intrahost HIV Infection
Authors: Dialdestoro Kevin , Sibbesen Jonas Andreas , Maretty Lasse , Raghwani Jayna , Gall Astrid , Kellam Paul , Pybus Oliver G , Hein Jotun , Jenkins Paul A
Published: February 2016

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a rapidly evolving pathogen that causes chronic infections, so genetic diversity within a single infection can be very high. High-throughput “deep” sequencing can now measure this diversity in unprecedented detail, particularly since it can be performed at different time points during an infection, and this offers a potentially powerful way to infer the evolutionary dynamics of the intrahost viral population. However, population genomic inference from HIV sequence data is challenging because of high rates of mutation and recombination, rapid demographic changes, and ongoing selective pressures. In this article we develop a new method for inference using HIV deep sequencing data, using an approach based on importance sampling of ancestral recombination graphs under a multilocus coalescent model. The approach further extends recent progress in the approximation of so-called conditional sampling distributions, a quantity of key interest when approximating coalescent likelihoods. The chief novelties of our method are that it is able to infer rates of recombination and mutation, as well as the effective population size, while handling sampling over different time points and missing data without extra computational difficulty. We apply our method to a data set of HIV-1, in which several hundred sequences were obtained from an infected individual at seven time points over 2 years. We find mutation rate and effective population size estimates to be comparable to those produced by the software BEAST. Additionally, our method is able to produce local recombination rate estimates. The software underlying our method, Coalescenator, is freely available.
Admixture, Population Structure, and F-Statistics
Authors: Peter Benjamin M
Published: February 2016

Many questions about human genetic history can be addressed by examining the patterns of shared genetic variation between sets of populations. A useful methodological framework for this purpose is F-statistics that measure shared genetic drift between sets of two, three, and four populations and can be used to test simple and complex hypotheses about admixture between populations. This article provides context from phylogenetic and population genetic theory. I review how F-statistics can be interpreted as branch lengths or paths and derive new interpretations, using coalescent theory. I further show that the admixture tests can be interpreted as testing general properties of phylogenies, allowing extension of some ideas applications to arbitrary phylogenetic trees. The new results are used to investigate the behavior of the statistics under different models of population structure and show how population substructure complicates inference. The results lead to simplified estimators in many cases, and I recommend to replace F3 with the average number of pairwise differences for estimating population divergence.
Pemberdayaan Koperasi, Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) Melalui Lembaga Keuangan Syariah (LKS) Untuk Mengentaskan Kemiskinan dan Pengurangan Pengangguran
Authors: Hejazziey Djawahir
Published: February 2016

Upaya pengembangan koperasi dan UMKM melalaui LKS pada dasarnya memerlukan langkah-langkah taktis dan strategis berupa peningkatan visi dan misi bisnis yang sesuai syariah Islam, sehingga tercipta SDM yang islami dan berkualitas. Guna pengintegrasian pengembangan Koperasi dan UMKM dengan lembaga keuangan syariah, maka tersedia dan terbuka berbagai peluang baik secara budaya, maupun struktural yang harus segera ditangkap. Secara struktur seperti kebijakan pemerintah pusat untuk penyaluran kredit kepada UMKMDOI: 10.15408/aiq.v1i1.2452
Wakaf Dalam Islam
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Fudhail
Published: February 2016

Salah satu instrument yang dipandang sangat urgen dan dapat mengetuk rasa empati kehidupan bermasyarakat kita kepada sesama adalah adanya unsur wakaf. Ditengarai bila saja wakaf dapat dimaksimalkan perannya, niscaya akan dapat menjadi alternative solusi masalah di tengah masyarakat. Wakaf dapat mengurangi kesenjangan antara kaya dan miskin. Wakaf dapat dipandang sebagai jembatan bagi kalangan bawah untuk dapat mengakses resources-resources perekonomian. Ia bersanding sejajar dengan instrumen zakat dalam meminimalisir angka kemiskinan dan pengangguran. Oleh sebab itu, tulisan ini mengupas secara teoritis dan dasar kajian tentang wakaf yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Paling tidak ia dapat merefresh kesadaran kita tenang wakaf.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v1i1.2455
Ekonomi Syariah: Peluang dan Tantangan Bagi Ekonomi Indonesia
Authors: Ade Muhammad
Published: February 2016

Dinamika perkembangan perbankan syariah, khususnya di Indonesia tidak akan terlepas dari perkembangan perbankan Nasional dan krisis global yang terjadi. Meskipun progres report bank syariah menunjukkan gejala positif dan terus mengalami kemajuan yang berarti, namun karena keterbatasan ukuran bank syariah yang masih terlalu kecil, masih sulit bagi bank syariah untuk berperan lebih besar dalam perekonomian NasionalDOI: 10.15408/aiq.v1i1.2457
Front Matter
Authors: Matter Front
Published: February 2016

DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v1i1.2459
PENGGUNAAN AHP (ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS) DALAM EVALUASI PENERAPAN PEMBIAYAAN BERDASARKAN ANALISIS PRINSIP PEMBIAYAAN PADA PT. BPRS AMANAH UMMAH
Authors: Faaiz Irfan Ibnu
Published: February 2016

Di Indonesia, terdapat dua jenis lembaga perbankan yaitu perbankan konvensional dan perbankan syariah. Dalam Undang-undang no. 21 Tahun 2008 tentang perbankan syariah dikatakan “bahwa perbankan syariah memiliki kekhususan dibandingkan dengan perbankan konvensional”, yaitu dalam pelaksanaan operasionalnya bank syariah menggunakan prinsip-prinsip syariah Islam, dan tidak menjalankan sistem bunga.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v1i2.2465
Back Matter
Authors: Al-Iqtishad Jurnal
Published: February 2016

DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v7i2.2450
ARTICULO ORIGINAL-2016: Perfil epidemiológico y respuesta terapéutica de la infección por Cryptococcus sp. en pacientes de Costa Rica en el Hospital San Juan de Dios, Período 2008-2012
Authors: Ávila Sánchez Diego , Vindas Villalobos Manuel Antonio V
Published: February 2016

Antecedentes: La criptococosis es una micosis invasiva causada principalmente por Criptococcusneoformans. Esta enfermedad afecta sobre todo a pacientes inmunosuprimidos, particularmente pacientes con infección por VIH pero también puede afectar inmunocompetentes. Las formas de presentación clínica más frecuentes son meningitis y afectación pulmonar.

Metodología: En este trabajo se pretende determinar el perfil epidemiológico, las características clínicas y la respuesta al tratamiento de los pacientes con criptococosis en el Hospital San Juan de Dios,período 2008-2012; diagnosticados en el laboratorio de bacteriología del hospital. Se obtienen los datos mediante un estudio observacional de revisión de expedientes de una muestra final de 33 expedientes.

Resultados:De la muestra analizada un 78,8% fue del género masculino con una mediana de edad de 40,1 ± 11.9 años. El 72,7% tenía enfermedad por VIH,20% inmunocompetentes y 9.1% inmunosupresión farmacológica sobre todo por patologías autoinmunes. La presentación clínica fue 72.7 % como meningitis, 12.2 % pulmonar, 9.1 % forma diseminada y 6.1 % forma cutánea. La forma meníngea predominó en pacientes con VIH y la pulmonar en inmunocompetentes. La especie identificada fue C. neoformans87.9 %, C. laurentii 9.1 % y C. uniguttulatus 3%.La tinta chinacomo método diagnóstico mostró una sensibilidad de 25 % en VIH negativos y 58 % en VIH positivos. Se le suministró anfotericina B deoxicolatoal 100 % de los pacientes con VIH y 44 % de los VIH negativos. El 30 % de los pacientes con VIH falleció y ninguno de los VIH negativos.

Conclusiones: La criptocosis es una micosis que afecta fundamentalmente adultos jóvenes inmunocomprometidos, particularmente en pacientes VIH positivos men fase de SIDA. Meningitis es la presentación más frecuente, y la forma pulmonar predominó en inmunocompetentes. Todos los pacientes coinfectados recibieron anfotericina B deoxicolato de tratamiento y aún así tuvieron una mortalidadde 30 %.
TEMA 2-2016: Amenaza de Parto Pretérmino
Authors: Quirós González Gabriela , Alfaro Piedra Raúl , Bolívar Porras Mariela , Solano Tenorio Natalia
Published: February 2016

La amenaza de parto pretérmino, consiste en la presencia de contracciones uterinas regulares asociadas a modificaciones cervicales, que ocurren después de las 20 y antes de las 37 semanas de gestación, independientemente del peso al nacer, y es de causa multifactorial. A pesar de que se ha logrado disminuir su frecuencia, debido a las mejoras existentes en prácticas de fertilidad y el aumento de estrategias que buscan la prevención de esta patología; sigue siendo una de las principales causas de mortalidad y morbilidad infantil, lo que ocasiona secuelas a corto y largo plazo, y lo convierte en una importante problema de salud pública. Debido a esto es trascendental reconocer a todas aquellas mujeres que tengan riesgo de presentar una amenaza de parto pretérmino, principalmente aquellas que ya tuvieron antecedente de un parto prematuro. Sin embargo en muchas ocasiones no es posible encontrar factores de riesgo por lo que se debe tener conocimiento de las diferentes herramientas clínicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas de esta patología para poder así realizar un diagnostico rápido y tomar las medidas necesarios del caso, ya que la sobrevida neonatal aumenta progresivamente con la edad gestacional, por lo que cada día tiene un impacto crítico en esta, además disminuye el riesgo de mortalidad y de complicaciones. El siguiente manuscrito consiste en una revisión bibliográfica de la amenaza de parto pretérmino, en cuanto a sus generalidades, factores de riesgo, etiología, métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento.
TEMA 6-2016: Técnicas de reconstrucción nasal tras resección de un carcinoma basocelular
Authors: Brenes Leñero Eduardo , Piccolo Johanning Loretta
Published: February 2016

El cáncer de piel es la etiología más común causante de defectos nasales que van a requerir de una reconstrucción nasal. De estos, el carcinoma basocelular es el más frecuente.Esto presenta un, gran grado de complejidad dado que se deben modificar tejidos para crear una estructura que aunque semeja una nariz, no lo es.Cualquiera de las capas estructuralmente importantes de la nariz que hacen falta deben ser reconstruidas, por esto el cirujano debe estar familiarizado con la técnica empleada.En esta revisión repasaremoslas técnicas de reconstrucción más utilizadas
TEMA 7-2016: Rehabilitación en VIH/SIDA
Authors: Uclés Villalobos Vanessa , Espinoza Reyes Roison Ali
Published: February 2016

Los primeros casos reportados de VIH remontan a la fecha de 1983, desde entonces se ha desarrollado una pandemia de la infección a nivel mundial. Siendo esta una de las enfermedades emergentes que han incrementado en los últimos años y Costa Rica no escapa a esta tendencia. Los efectos adversos a los medicamentos, las infecciones oportunistas y la sintomatología del HIV hacen que ésta población quede predispuesta a la limitación de sus capacidades funcionales. Los efectos secundarios a los anti retrovirales generan toxicidad que alteran la homeostasis del organismo creando paso a una serie de síndromes y cuadros clínicos que afectan al aparato locomotor como lo son neuropatías, lipohipertrofia, lipoatrofia, miopatías, entre otras. La rehabilitación puede ser ampliamente definida como cualquiera de los servicios y actividades que tratan o previenen deficiencias, limitaciones en la actividad diaria o participaciones de restricciones experimentadas por un individuo, cuyos beneficios podrían satisfacer y ayudar a contribuir con el bien estar físico, emocional, social, laboral y funcional de una persona creando una autonomía en la dependencia de las actividades diarias o adaptaciones para los pacientes que así lo requieran.
TEMA 8-2016: Sindrome de Brugada
Authors: Pacheco Ovares Enrique , Grant Villegas Stanley
Published: February 2016

El Síndrome de Brugada es una de las causas más importantes de un paro cardíaco repentino y la muerte súbita cardiaca , por fibrilación ventricular. Pertenece a una serie de anomalías en el ritmo en el que se detectaron daños en la estructura cardíaca. La penetración genética variable del síndrome provoca que muchos pacientes pueden ser asintomáticos , mientras que otros pueden perecer antes del primer año de vida. La mutación de un canal de sodio es la causa directa y la mutación del gen SCN5A se relaciona directamente con este anomalías y hay otras mutaciones genéticas que se encuentran actualmente en estudio. Los medicamentos no son en realidad la primera línea de tratamiento para los pacientes sintomáticos , actualmente la ICP ( desfibrilador automático implantable ) debería ser el tratamiento de primera línea para casi todos los pacientes.
TEMA 10-2016: Manejo de masas anexiales
Authors: Mora Delgado Melissa , Del Valle Solano Roberto
Published: February 2016

El manejo de una masa anexial se enfoca principalmente en descartar el riesgo de malignidad existente. Y así definir el tratamiento. El diagnóstico se basa en hallazgos ultrasonográficos, así como factores de riesgo y edad de la paciente. Una masa anexial de bajo riesgo de malignidad se aborda mediante observación con US control o mediante cirugía laparoscópica, mientras una masa con moderado o alto riesgo de malignidad debe abordarse por vía quirúrgica, vía laparotomía en la mayoría de los casos
Simultaneous analysis of adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae using RP-HPLC
Authors: Zhu P. , Wang S. , Wang J. , Zhou L. , Shi P.
Published: February 2016

In order to assess the contribution of adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites to the cellular metabolism process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it is very important to simultaneously determine the relative concentrations of ATP and its metabolites. In this study, a fast, simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with high selectivity was developed to simultaneously measure adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites (adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate) in yeast. The method was performed under the gradient grogram, and the detection was monitored at 254 nm. Analysis was achieved within 25 min. The four components can be detected with linear response over the concentration range from 1 to 100 mg L−1 with excellent correlation coefficients (r2) > 0.999. The recovery of the four analytes was 92.9%, 90.4%, 99.1%, and 105.1%, respectively. To demonstrate the good analysis of yeast samples, changes in the four adenine nucleotides levels caused by caloric restriction in yeast were determined. It is expected that the current method may contribute to further metabolomics and system biology investigations of yeast.
Determination of cembrenediols in tobacco by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring with precolumn derivatization
Authors: Zhou Y. , Yang Y. , Li X.L. , Chen Z.Y. , Liu Q.B. , Zhu X.L. , Yang J.
Published: February 2016

An efficient and sensitive analytical method based on precolumn derivatization and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry—selected ion monitoring (GC—MS—SIM) was proposed and validated for analysis of two cembrenediols (CBDs) which are α-cembrenediol and β-cembrenediol in tobacco samples. CBDs in tobacco samples were extracted by sonication with 50 mL dichloromethane for 10 min before derivatized with 2:3 (v/v) bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA)—pyridine at 20 °C for 100 min. CBDs’ level in tobacco samples was analyzed by GC—MS—SIM and quantified by the internal standard method. The linear range for α-CBD and β-CBD was 13.6–554.6 μg mL−1 and 4.11–162.6 μg mL−1, and the correlation coefficients of both were 0.9998. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of α-cembrenediol and β-cembrenediol were 0.40 μg g−1 and 1.34 μg g−1, and 0.27 μg g−1 and 0.90 μg g−1, respectively. Average recoveries of α-CBD and β-CBD were 94.4–99.9% and 91.9–98.2% while the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 5) were ranged from 2.67 to 5.6% and 2.04 to 4.22%, respectively. This proposed analytical method has been successfully applied to analyze CBDs in tobacco samples.
Limnoperna fortunei Dunker, 1857 larvae in different environments of a Neotropical floodplain: relationships of abiotic variables and phytoplankton with different stages of development
Authors: Ernandes-Silva J. , Ragonha F. H. , Jati S. , Takeda A. M.
Published: February 2016

Abstract Limnoperna fortunei Dunker, 1857 is an Asian invasive freshwater bivalve. Although there need to contain their spread, studies about the biology of the larvae are scarce. We correlated the larval stages of L. fortunei with biotic factors such as phytoplankton and main abiotic variables in lotic environments of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. The four samples were taken quarterly during the year 2012. The Principal component analysis (PCA) showed only spatial differences, as did a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). High densities of larvae were recorded in all samples the Paraná River and Baía River only in December, especially those in their initial stage. In the biovolume of Class of algae, Bacillarophyceae showed the highest value, but Chlorophycea who was strongly correlated with the density of D-stage larvae. The large variety of phytoplankton, especially microplankton Chlorophyceae, high values of PO4, NH4 and temperature were positively correlated with high densities of D-stage larvae. We conclude that high temperature, and food availability, indicated by phytoplankton community, favored the reproduction of L. fortunei and enhance the ability of specie dispersion due to the increase in the emission of propagules. Therefore, studies that address the biology of golden mussel larvae should be performed in order to prevent its spread.
Effect of dietary sugars on dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus – a pilot study
Authors: OLIVEIRA Rosa Virginia Dutra de , ALBUQUERQUE Yasmin Etienne , SPOLIDORIO Denise Madalena Palomari , KOGA-ITO Cristiane Yumi , GIRO Elisa Maria Aparecida , BRIGHENTI Fernanda Lourenção
Published: February 2016

Abstract Introduction Frequent consumption of sugars and the presence of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are correlated with higher caries experience. Objective The aim of this pilot study was to elucidate the effect of different fermentable carbohydrates on biomass formation and acidogenicity of S. mutans and S. sobrinus biofilms. Material and method Single and dual-species biofilms of S. mutans ATCC 25175 and S. sobrinus ATCC 27607 were grown at the bottom of microtiter plates at equal concentrations for 24 h at 37 °C under micro-aerobic atmosphere. Carbohydrates were added at 2% concentration: maltose, sucrose, glucose and lactose. BHI Broth (0.2% glucose) was used as negative control. Acidogenicity was assessed by measuring the pH of spent culture medium after 24 h, immediately after refreshing the culture medium and for the next 1 h and 2 h. Crystal violet staining was used as an indicator of the total attached biofilm biomass after 24 h incubation. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Significance level was set at 5%. Result All carbohydrates resulted in higher biomass formation in single- and dual-species biofilms when compared to the control group. Sucrose, lactose and maltose showed higher acidogenicity than the control group in both single- and dual-species biofilms after 24 h. Conclusion These findings indicate that the type of biofilm (single- or dual-species) and the carbohydrate used may influence the amount of biomass formed and rate of pH reduction.
Efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation in removing root filling material during endodontic retreatment
Authors: MICHELON Carina , FRIGHETTO Marina , LANG Pauline Mastella , BELLO Mariana De Carlo , PILLAR Rafael , SERPA Geraldo Fagundes , BIER Carlos Alexandre Souza
Published: February 2016

Abstract Introduction The aim of endodontic retreatment is to remove the previous root filling materials completely to allow for the subsequent steps of cleaning, canal shaping and filling replacement. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in the removal of residual root filling material after removing the bulk of the root filling with nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Material and method Eighteen mesial isthmus-containing roots of human mandibular molars were prepared and filled. The root canal filling was removed with the ProTaper Retreatment system and K-files. The specimens were randomized into 2 groups (n = 9), both irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. In the conventional group, an irrigation syringe was used. In the PUI group, the PUI technique was used. The roots were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated under stereomicroscopy. Student’s t test was used to compare groups and the general linear model was used to compare the apical, cervical, and middle root thirds within each group, in regard to the percentages of remaining residual filling material. Result There was no statistically significant intergroup difference, irrespective of which root third was evaluated (P > 0.05). In the PUI group, the apical third showed a significantly higher percentage of residual filling material, in comparison with the cervical (P = 0.038) and middle (P = 0.029) thirds. Conclusion The PUI technique was not more effective than the conventional irrigation technique in removing residual root filling material during endodontic retreatment in root canals with a complex anatomy.
Efeito do Tipo de Chapa de Partículas nas Propriedades Físicas e Mecânicas
Authors: Cabral Carla Priscilla Távora , Pereira Bárbara Luísa Corradi , Carvalho Danila Morais de , Oliveira Aylson Costa , Vital Benedito Rocha , Gomes Cláudia Márcia , Carneiro Angélica Cássia Oliveira
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar chapas de partículas do tipo aglomerado convencional, chapas tipo Medium Density Particleboard (MDP) e as do tipo aglomerado com inclusão laminar. As chapas avaliadas foram fabricadas com partículas de Acacia mangium e no aglomerado com inclusão laminar utilizaram-se lâminas de Schizolobium amazonicum. O aglomerado convencional e o aglomerado com inclusão laminar apresentaram umidade de equilíbrio higroscópico estatisticamente superior ao MDP. O aglomerado com inclusão laminar apresentou maior índice de inchamento em espessura após duas horas de imersão em água, valores de módulo de ruptura em flexão estática maiores e maior resistência ao arrancamento de parafuso. As chapas do tipo MDP apresentaram maior resistência à tração perpendicular. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas demais propriedades. Conclui-se que a inclusão laminar melhorou o módulo de ruptura e o arrancamento de parafuso, enquanto a utilização de partículas finas nas faces melhorou as propriedades físicas das chapas.
Some Properties of Astronium graveolens Wood Along the Stem
Authors: Longui Eduardo Luiz , Gondo Cássia Christine Schmidt , Luiz de Lima Israel , Freitas Miguel Luiz Menezes , Florsheim Sandra Monteiro Borges , Zanatto Antonio Carlos Scatena , Garcia José Nivaldo
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT We investigated the axial variation of specific gravity, shear parallel to the grain and anatomical features of Astronium graveolens wood and related these properties to the anatomy along the stem. We felled five 20-year-old trees and cut discs from four different stem heights, including stem base, 1 meter, 2 meters and 3 meters, for a total of 20 discs, and studied wood samples near the bark and at the base of trunk. Axial variations found appear to provide a balance between mechanical strength of the wood at stem base by the higher density and higher shear by the increase in ray frequency that contributes to locking the vertical cells and growth rings, thus preventing the stem from easily breaking when bent. For hydraulic conductivity, vessels with smaller diameter and frequency at the stem base help prevent the occurrence of embolisms that would reduce water flow along the main stem.
Tratamento Termomecânico e seus Efeitos nas Propriedades da Simarouba amara (Aubl.)
Authors: Freitas Ana Salgado , Gonçalez Joaquim Carlos , Del Menezzi Cláudio Henrique
Published: February 2016

RESUMO A pressão concentrada em pequeno grupo de espécies tropicais torna necessário maior investimento em estudos e técnicas de melhoramento em espécies menos conhecidas na tentativa de direcioná-las para usos múltiplos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a influência do tratamento termomecânico nas propriedades colorimétricas e no modulo de elasticidade da madeira de marupá, com a finalidade de utilizá-la no segmento de pisos. Os resultados mostraram uma mudança significativa, com efeito da temperatura na cor e na propriedade de elasticidade da madeira. Em geral, houve uma melhora no módulo de elasticidade dinâmico, enquanto a velocidade variou de acordo com cada tratamento apresentado, tendo-se valores mais baixos para os tratamentos com maior pressão. A madeira escureceu (menores valores L* e maiores valores de a*) com a aplicação da temperatura. As cores da madeira de marupá após os tratamentos, aliadas à propriedade de elasticidade potencializam essa espécie como opção para a indústria de pisos.
Comportamento de Índices de Diversidade na Composição da Arborização de Ruas
Authors: Bobrowski Rogerio , Biondi Daniela
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Nesta pesquisa analisou-se o comportamento de índices de diversidade frente a diferentes cenários de composição com riqueza de espécies e uniformidade distintas, a influência do espaçamento de plantio na determinação dos valores desses índices e o comportamento dos dados de diversidade de um inventário da arborização em relação a dois cenários de composição aproximados aos dados reais. Constatou-se que há influência significativa do aumento do espaçamento de plantio somente para os índices de riqueza específica. Houve diferença significativa entre os valores de todos os índices para os cenários de diversidade elaborados. Nos cenários analisados, os índices de riqueza específica apresentaram valores menores e mais estáveis que os do inventário, e os índices de equidade apresentaram valores maiores.
Early-age autogenous shrinkage and stress characteristics of high-performance concrete at the mesoscopic level
Authors: Li Guodong , Wang Zonglin , Zhao Weigping
Published: February 2016

This paper presents a mesoscopic numerical model of high-performance concrete (HPC) based on industrial computed tomography scanning and image reconstruction technology. The paper also presents mesoscopic simulation results obtained for the autogenous shrinkage (AS) of HPC using a finite-element explicit algorithm by assuming that the concrete is an inhomogeneous composite material composed of mortar, aggregate and voids. The accuracy of this mesoscopic simulation method for the AS of HPC is demonstrated by comparison with experimental results. Additionally, the effect of the distribution and particle size of the aggregate and the AS of the mortar on the early-age AS of HPC was analysed. The distribution of the internal stress in the HPC and the effect of the distribution and particle size of the aggregate were determined, which can provide a basis for early-age cracking control in concrete.
Candidate Surrogate End Points for ESRD after AKI
Authors: Grams Morgan E. , Sang Yingying , Coresh Josef , Ballew Shoshana H. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Levey Andrew S. , Greene Tom H. , Molnar Miklos Z. , Szabo Zoltan , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Kovesdy Csaba P.
Published: February 2016

AKI, a frequently transient condition, is not accepted by the US Food and Drug Association as an end point for drug registration trials. We assessed whether an intermediate-term change in eGFR after AKI has a sufficiently strong relationship with subsequent ESRD to serve as an alternative end point in trials of AKI prevention and/or treatment. Among 161,185 United States veterans undergoing major surgery between 2004 and 2011, we characterized in-hospital AKI by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria and decline in eGFR from prehospitalization to postdischarge time points and quantified associations of these values with ESRD and mortality over a median of 3.8 years. An eGFR decline of ≥30% at 30, 60, and 90 days after discharge occurred in 3.1%, 2.5%, and 2.6%, of survivors without AKI and 15.9%, 12.2%, and 11.7%, of survivors with AKI. For patients with in-hospital AKI compared with those with no AKI and stable eGFR, a 30% decline in eGFR at 30, 60, and 90 days after discharge demonstrated adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of ESRD of 5.60 (4.06 to 7.71), 6.42 (4.76 to 8.65), and 7.27 (5.14 to 10.27), with corresponding estimates for 40% decline in eGFR of 6.98 (5.21 to 9.35), 8.03 (6.11 to 10.56), and 10.95 (8.10 to 14.82). Risks for mortality were smaller but consistent in direction. A 30%–40% decline in eGFR after AKI could be a surrogate end point for ESRD in trials of AKI prevention and/or treatment, but additional trial evidence is needed.
The Expected Real Interest Rate in the Long Run: Time Series Evidence with the Effective Lower Bound
Authors: Johannsen Benjamin K. , Mertens Elmar
Published: February 2016

In response to the global financial crisis, the Federal Open Market Committee lowered the target for the federal funds rate to a range of 0 to 25 basis points in December 2008, and maintained that target range until the end of 2015. Over that same period, longer-term interest rates in the United States were at historically low levels.
Work Environment and Adjustment Patterns of Filipino Nurses Abroad
Authors: Cirujales S. Ma. Remegia M. , Kuan Letty G.
Published: February 2016

In an attempt to build an enabling work environment for nurses abroad addressing the work life issues that affect migrant nurses is crucial not only to uplifting the welfare of nurses overseas and their families, but also to meeting their expected outcomes for their patients and the system. Henceforth, this study is guided by the central question, “What characterizes the work environment and adjustment patterns of Filipino nurses deployed abroad?” With an in-depth phenomenological interviews conducted to eight (8) Filipino nurse returnees chosen by snowball sampling, the resulting shared experiences were analyzed, following the steps outlined by Ryan and Bernard (2003) for the phenomenological analysis. Interestingly, this study has identified three distinct yet interlocking nurses work environment typologies namely: demanding, challenging and rewarding. These three work life issues of the environment are discussed in this research.
Capability, Culture and Passion for Research of the University of the Immaculate Conception Graduate School Research Classes
Authors: Cuizon Reynaldo O. , Cayogyog Alvin O.
Published: February 2016

The  study  aimed  to  establish  baseline  information  on  the  influence  of research capability and culture on the passion for research; whether or not such influence is significant. It utilized quantitative method via descriptive correlational and analytical designs with the use of statistical tools such as Weighted Mean, Pearson r and Multiple Linear Regressions. The study reports the following: the overall level of the respondents’ research capability is average; the overall level of the respondents’ research culture is average; the overall level of the respondents’ passion for research is high; the respondents’ research capability significantly related to their passion for research; there is a significant relationship between the respondents’ research culture and their passion for research; the respondents’ capability and culture on research are significant factors to their passion for research (F=19.40; p<0.05). Hence, the study inferred that any change on the level of the respondents’ research capability and culture has a corresponding effect on the level of their passion for research. Furthermore, the combined influence of 37.40% implies that 62.60% are influenced by other factors not covered in this study.