bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keanekaragaman Diatom Epilitik serta Potensinya Sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Air di Sungai Gogor Kecamatan Wonosalam Kabupaten Jombang
Authors: Nisrina  , Aprilianti Rafika , Abdus Salam Junaedi
Published: November 2023

Sungai Gogor merupakan salah satu sungai yang berada di Wonosalam Kabupaten Jombang. Diatom epilitik merupakan alga mikroskopis yang hidupnya menenempel pada substrat berbatu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelimpahan, keanekaragam dan dominansi diatom epilitik serta mengetahui status perairan dengan mengacu pada Trophic Diatom Index di Sungai Gogor Kecamatan Wonosalam Kabupaten Jombang. Sampel diambil dari 4 stasiun yang ditetapkan secara purposive sampling didasarkan pada aktivitas masyarakat disepanjang aliran sungai Gogor. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu Kelimpahan, indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon Wiener,  Indeks Dominansi Simpson, dan Indeks Tropik Diatom. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan ditemukannya genus diatom pada Sungai Gogor sebanyak 22 dengan nilai kelimpahan antara  2704 ind/cm2 hingga 9416 ind/cm2 . Indeks Keanekaragaman berada di kategori sedang dengan nilai keanekaragaman 2.292 hingga  2.044. Indeks dominanasi menunjukkan bahwa dikeempat stasiun tidak ada genus yang mendominasi dan dari hasil analisis TDI menunjukkan bahwa Sungai Gogor berada di fase pencemaran rendah dengan rentan nilai 33,7 hingga 42.
Identifikasi Mikroplastik Udara dan PM 2.5 Pada Sentra Industri Tahu Desa Tropodo Kecamatan Krian Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Fauzi Mohamad Alvin
Published: November 2023

Masyarakat Indonesia cenderung suka untuk membuang sampah ke lingkungan atau membakar sampah sebagai bahan bakar masak. Pembakaran sampah menghasilkan senyawa berbahaya masuk ke udara seperti senyawa dioksin dan Bisphenol a yang memicu sel kanker dalam tubuh manusia. Pembakaran plastik juga menghasilkan asap yang mengganggu sistem pernafasan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe mikroplastik, kelimpahan mikroplastik, dan kualitas udara PM 2,5 di Desa Tropodo. Penelitian dilakukan di 3 dusun yang meliputi Dusun Klagen, Dusun Balepajang, dan Dusun Areng-Areng. Jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan di udara Desa Tropodo meliputi fragmen, fiber, dan filamen. Kelimpahan mikroplastik dusun Areng-areng tertinggi dan Dusun Klagen memiliki kelimpahan partikel terendah. Kualitas udara desa tropodo berada kategori yang mengkhawatirkan. Dusun Areng-Areng masuk dalam kategori berbahaya atau warna hitam. Sedangkan Dusun Klagen dan Dusun Balepanjang berada pad kategori sangat tidak sehat. Kualitas udara yang buruk dan efek pembakaran plastik dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia.
Identifikasi Mikroplastik Sampel Sedimen di Outlet Limbah Pabrik Daur Ulang Plastik Sidoarjo dan Mojokerto
Authors: Muazimah Assayyidatul
Published: November 2023

Mengandalkan pabrik daur ulang plastik sebagai satu-satunya solusi, tanpa mengedepankan upaya pencegahan penggunaan plastik sekali pakai, edukasi masyarakat, dan pengembangan alternatif plastik ramah lingkungan merupakan sebuah false solution. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kontaminasi mikroplastik pada sedimen didalam sungai akibat pembuangan limbah pabrik daur ulang plastik. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada 2 stasiun dengan masing-masing stasiun yaitu 3 titik. Preparasi 6 sampel dilakukan dengan pengeringan, pemisahan densitas dan destruksi bahan organik. Mengunakan ayakan 5 mm, 0,3 mm dan kain saring 300 mesh. NaCl 300ml digunakan untuk pemisahan densitas, destruksi bahan organik menggunakan 20 ml H2O2 30% dan 5 ml Fe2SO2 0,05 M, lalu dilarutkan dengan aquades kemudian diidentikasi menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Hasil menunjukkan semua sampel sedimen terkontaminasi mikroplastik. Jenis mikroplastik yang ditemukan berupa fragmen, fiber, dan film. Hasil tertinggi terdapat pada titik outlet yaitu sebanyak 346 partkel/50 gram. Perlu adanya peran masyarakat dan pemerintah dalam menjaga lingkungan.
CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF PAKISTANI STUDENTS' DAILY LIFE IN CHINA
Authors: Mengchen Gong , Kamarudin Diyana
Published: November 2023

This study aims at the cross-cultural adaptation of 192 Pakistani students majoring in MBBS in Yichun University, Jiangxi Province, China. Taking perceived stress, coping mechanism, Chinese proficiency and social support as independent variables, social interaction adaptation, communication adaptation, study environment adaptation and living environment adaptation as dependent variables, research and analysis of gender and grade as regulatory variables and university support as intermediate variables. The researchers studied the positive and negative relationship between their variables and dependent variables. Through the distribution of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, their cross-cultural daily life and learning during university were observed.
Türk Hukuku Bakımından Sicile Kayıtlı Gemiler Üzerinde İntifa Hakkı Kurulması ve Sonuçları
Authors: Karaarslan Tekincan Akif
Published: November 2023

İntifa hakkı hak sahibine intifa konusu olan şey üzerinde en geniş yetkileri veren sınırlı ayni bir haktır. 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK), 6762 sayılı Mülga Kanundan farklı olarak sicile kayıtlı gemiler üzerinde kurulacak olan intifa hakkını sınırlamamış uygulamada daha yaygın biçimde kullanılması adına serbest bırakmıştır. Çalışmada ise bu kabulden yola çıkarak TTK m. 1059 hükmü göz önüne alınmış öncelikle gemi ve sicile kayıtlı gemi kavramı incelenmiş ardından da sicile kayıtlı bir gemi üzerinde intifa hakkı kurulması için yapılacak olan sözleşme ve imzaların noterde onaylanmasını müteakiben sicile tescil zorunluluğu incelenmiştir. Daha sonrasında tescil ile intifa hakkını kazanan hak sahibinin hakları ve borçları TTK m. 1060’ın yönlendirmesiyle Türk Medeni Kanunu’nun (TMK) intifa hakkı hükümleri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak irdelenmiş ve özellikle intifa hakkı sahibinin yaptıracağı sigorta sözleşmesi üzerinde durulmuştur.
학습분석의 개념과 이론적 기초 (The Concepts and Theoretical Foundations of Learning Analytics)
Authors: Ji Hyangeun , Han Songhee
Published: November 2023

본 챕터는 학습분석의 개념과 이론적 기초를 소개하며, 이를 통해 학습분석의 범위와 적용 분야에 대한 체계적 이해를 돕고자 한다. 더불어, 본 챕터는 학습분석 연구와 관련된 다른 챕터들에 대한 기본적 이해를 도모하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저, 학습분석의 발전 과정과 다변화된 활용 분야에 대해 조명한다. 또한, 학습분석과 유사한 연구 분야와의 비교 및 분석을 통해 학습분석의 본질과 범위에 대한 명확한 이해를 제공한다. 마지막으로, 학습 분석의 기초를 마련하는 핵심 이론들을 다양한 연구 사례와 함께 소개하고, 학습분석 연구에 대한 향후 시사점을 제시한다.
Worker Voices Special Brief: Barriers to Employment
Authors: Galeano Sergio , Rees John , Bogue Simpson Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Worker Voices participants described the challenges facing individuals without a four-year degree as they navigated the job market during a global pandemic. Common barriers to work included an evolving labor market, individual attributes, work-family conflicts, and concerns regarding individual well-being.
Medicine Update
Authors: Dr Veena Aggarwal
Published: November 2023

EDITORIAL
Role of Sodium Alginate in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: An Overview
Authors: Dr Jyoti Yadav
Published: November 2023

Sodium alginate helps manage and treat heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This article discusses thestructure, mechanism of action and clinical application. A brief review of the literature is carried out.
THỰC TRẠNG KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH CỦA KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE PHÂN LẬP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BỆNH NHIỆT ĐỚI TRUNG ƯƠNG NĂM 2022
Authors: Đỗ Thị Tuyết Chinh , Văn Đình Tráng , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hà , Nguyễn Phương Thoa , Lê Nguyễn Minh Hoa
Published: November 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm kháng kháng sinh của Klebsiella pneumoniae và phân loại carbapenemase củaKlebsiella pneumoniae kháng carbapenem tại Bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt đới Trung ương.Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang 259 mẫu bệnh phẩm phân lập được Klebsiellapneumoniae tại Khoa Vi sinh - Sinh học phân tử, Bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt đới Trung ương cơ sở Kim Chungtừ tháng 01/2022 đến hết tháng 12/2022.Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình của bệnh nhân là 60 ± 19,5 tuổi, bệnh nhân nam chiếm 62,8%. Tỷ lệ phân lập K. pneumoniae nhiều nhất tại Khoa Hồi sức tích cực là 47,1% và Khoa Cấp cứu là 38,2%, mẫu bệnh phẩm chủ yếu từ các dịch hô hấp chiếm 72%. Các chủng kháng hầu hết với các nhóm kháng sinh, trong đó nhóm carbapenem là 69,9% - 75,3%, tỷ lệ K. pneumoniae đề kháng thấp hơn với gentamycin, fosfomycin, amikacin lần lượt là 47,5%, 40,2%, 31,7%, kháng colistin là 38%. So sánh tỷ lệ kháng các nhóm kháng sinh của nhóm CRKP cao hơn CSKP có ý nghĩa thống kê. Có 134/135 (99,2%) chủng K. pneumoniae kháng carbapenem theo cơ chế sinh enzym carbapenemase, trong đó có 88 (65,6%) chủng sinh enzym thủy phân carbapenem thuộc loại serine carbapenemase, và 46 (34,4%) chủng là Metallo-Beta-Lactamase.Kết luận: Tỷ lệ K. pneumoniae kháng carbapenem là 75,3%, kháng colistin là 38%. Có 99,2% chủng kháng carbapenem theo cơ chế sinh enzym carbapenemase. Trong đó, tỷ lệ vi khuẩn sinh enzym loại serine carbapenemase chiếm đa số.
O realismo prismático de Luiz Ruffato em “Mamma son tanto Felice”
Authors: Lima e Santos Carolina Barbosa
Published: November 2023

Propomos, neste trabalho, uma análise sobre o romance contemporâneo brasileiro Mamma, son tanto Felice, primeiro volume da pentalogia Inferno Provisório. Procuramos contribuir, a partir deste estudo, com a compreensão relacionada ao modo como seu autor condensa propostas de inovação estética, diálogo com a tradição literária e reflexão sobre a formação da cultura e do povo brasileiro em sua poética. Valendo-se de recursos visuais (efeitos tipográficos) e de uma linguagem entrecortada, o escritor propõe uma obra que se apresenta como um espelho que prismatiza e transfigura as relações sociais estabelecidas no cenário brasileiro, país de cunho colonial em que agentes como a família, a igreja e o Estado apresentam-se como elementos determinantes para o desenvolvimento de uma estrutura social balizada em princípios antagônicos de identidade e classe social.
No corpo do texto
Authors: Ponzio Luciano
Published: November 2023

Volóchinov define a enunciação como um “contexto de vida”, um potencial patrimônio social da vida humana. A enunciação, assim compreendida, só é possível em um espaço dialógico. E essa dialogicidade se concretiza apenas em uma relação intercorpórea. O texto artístico oferece a possibilidade de agarrar melhor a estrutura dialógica da enunciação. Para compreender como são tecidos os corpos escritos, os corpos das palavras (literárias, poéticas) e os corpos das imagens (pictóricas, fotográficas, fílmicas), é necessário considerar desde o início uma prevalência da significância sobre a significação. A escritura literária tem amplamente demonstrado essa dialogicidade nas formas mistas de reportar o discurso alheio. O discurso indireto livre é uma estratégia emancipadora para garantir que um texto seja afiguração, seja dialógico e, portanto, apresente-se como uma enunciação não iterável. O corpo das palavras torna-se o corpo das imagens no corpo grotesco alinhado contra o poder e o seu exercício de impor identidade e diferenças. Nesse sentido, também o corpo sem órgãos (ARTAUD, 2001 [1947]; DELEUZE, GUATTARI, 2010 [1980]) opõe-se à organização orgânica dos organismos que impõem ao corpo formas, funções, conexões, hierarquias funcionais. A vida afigurada na/no tela/texto pelas imagens difere daquela real: uma ilusão de realidade, na qual o cronótopo literário e o cronótopo cotidiano não coincidem, e um não pode substituir o outro. A imagem do mundo torna-se um modelo para o mundo da realidade (LOTMAN, 2020 [1973]) e não faria sentido algum fora dessa condição, tornando-se não imagem refletida, como um redobramento à “ordem do discurso” (FOUCAULT, 2004 [1970]), mas refratada compreensão respondente (BACHTIN, 2014 [1920-1924a], 1988 [1920-1924b], 2014 [1920-1924c], 2014 [1929]; VOLOŠINOV, 2014 [1929], 2014 [1930a], 2014 [1930b]; BACHTIN E IL SUO CIRCOLO, 2014).
Los Parlamentos españoles y sus normas de organización y funcionamiento (I): Reglamentos de las Cámaras y Normas de desarrollo
Authors: González-Santander Gutiérrez Luis Eduardo
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. INTRODUCCIÓN.— II. CORTES GENERALES.—2.1. Congreso de los Diputados.—2.2. Senado.—2.3. Congreso y Senado.—III. ASAMBLEAS LEGISLATIVAS DE LAS COMUNIDADES AUTÓNOMAS.—3.1. Andalucía.—3.2. Aragón.—3.3. Asturias.—3.4. Baleares.—3.5. Canarias.—3.6. Cantabria.—3.7. Castilla-La Mancha.—3.8. Castilla y León.—3.9. Cataluña.—3.10. Extremadura.—3.11. Galicia.—3.12. Madrid.—3.13. Murcia.—3.14. Navarra.—3.15. País Vasco.—3.16. La Rioja.—3.17. Valencia.
La libertad de elección de centro docente. Historia de la conculcación de un derecho fundamental
Authors: Calvo Charro María
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. LA HISTÓRICA DIALÉCTICA ENTRE EL DERECHO A LA EDUCACIÓN Y LA LIBERTAD DE ENSEÑANZA.—II. EL DERECHO A ELEGIR CENTRO DOCENTE COMO PARTE DEL CONTENIDO ESENCIAL DEL DERECHO A UNA EDUCACIÓN EN LIBERTAD.—III. LA IMPOSIBILIDAD FÁCTICA DE EJERCER EN ESPAÑA EL DERECHO A LA ELECCIÓN DE CENTRO.—3.1. La coeducación como modelo único de escuela pública.—3.2. La asimilación de los colegios concertados a los colegios públicos: la pérdida de su carácter propio.—3.3. Las Comisiones de escolarización de las Comunidades Autónomas.—IV. LA LOE. EL MAYOR ATAQUE A LA LIBERTAD DE ENSEÑANZA DESDE LA SEGUNDA REPÚBLICA.—4.1. La educación como servicio público.—4.2. El difícil acceso de los colegios privados al concierto público.—4.3. El fin de la libre elección de colegio por los padres. La imposición de colegio por la Administración.—V. PANORAMA ACTUAL: ¿TOTALITARISMO EDUCATIVO?—VI.CONCLUSIÓN.LA NECESIDAD DE UN PACTO DE ESTADO EN MATERIA EDUCATIVA.
La preparación y adjudicación de los contratos administrativos. Especial referencia a la Asamblea de Madrid
Authors: De Hijas Merino Mónica Martín
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. LOS CONTRATOS ADMINISTRATIVOS.—II.TRAMITACIÓN DE LOS EXPEDIENTES DE CONTRATACIÓN.—2.1. Principios de la contratación.—2.2. Requisitos.—2.2.1. La competencia del órgano de contratación.—2.2.2. La capacidad del contratista adjudicatario.—2.2.3. La determinación del objeto del contrato.—2.2.4. La fijación del precio.—2.2.5. La existencia de crédito adecuado y suficiente.—2.2.6. La tramitación de expediente.—2.2.7. La fiscalización previa de los actos administrativos de contenido económico.—2.2.8. La aprobación del gasto por el órgano competente para ello.—2.2.9. La formalización del contrato.—2.3. Los contratos menores.—III. ADJUDICACIÓN DE LOS CONTRATOS.
Pensamiento crítico y estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes del VII ciclo de la escuela profesional de lengua española, Universidad Nacional de Educación, 2020
Authors: Huaca Vilca Carmen Sharon , Figueroa Pastrana Mariana del Pilar , Flores Longa Karen Alelí
Published: November 2023

El objetivo general de la investigación fue determinar la relación entre el pensamiento crítico y estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes del VII ciclo de la escuela profesional de lengua española, Universidad Nacional de Educación, 2020. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 148 estudiantes. El método empleado fue el hipotético-deductivo, el propósito el diseño no experimental de nivel correlacional de corte transversal. La investigación concluyó que existe una correlación buena (Rh0= 0,602) entre las variables siendo P valor =0,000 < 0,05; lo cual indica que existe correlación. Esto confirmó la hipótesis y el objetivo general del estudio.
Aspectos contextuales en el desarrollo del conocimiento profesional del profesorado. Estudio de casos
Authors: Santiago Flores Fernando Agustín , Chan- Te- Nez Alejandro Fabián
Published: November 2023

Sintetizamos avances de una investigación en curso, cuyo objetivo apunta al análisis de la dimensión tecnológica en el conocimiento profesional del profesorado de bachillerato. El estudio integra el Programa de Investigación: Conocimiento y Formación Docente (CyFoD), radicado en una universidad pública de la región nordeste de Argentina. En esta ocasión, analizamos lineamientos de políticas educativas que aparecieron en la última década con el propósito de reorganizar la enseñanza secundaria y mejorar sus condiciones pedagógicas y tecnológicas. La estrategia metodológica es el estudio de caso. Su armado se realiza a partir de triangular entrevistas semi-estructuradas, observación no participante de clases y análisis documental; su validación surge de procesos recursivos mediante construcciones narrativas. Aunque nunca antes se hizo un uso tan extensivo, variado e impuesto de las TIC, la frontera entre su uso e integración curricular devela una aguda tensión, su debate cobra un nuevo impulso y trasciende la coyuntura pandémica.
Valores del docente universitario
Authors: Mendieta Toledo Lenin Byron , Aguirre Jonathan Ezequiel , Morán Vázquez Ruth Ericka
Published: November 2023

Los valores en la docencia universitaria están visibles a los ojos de los estudiantes, estos ven en sus maestros un ejemplo a seguir, el objetivo de estudio fue comprender los relatos de los docentes de la universidad ecuatoriana, vinculando los valores con la enseñanza en Educación Superior. Se empleó una metodología sustentada en la vera cualitativa interpretativa con enfoque en los relatos biográficos y autobiográficos, para la selección de los participantes se encuestó a los estudiantes de último semestre en la Universidad de Guayaquil, se utilizó las técnicas de las entrevistas y los guiones como instrumentos, se realizó la selección desde criterios de inclusión y se obtuvo el consentimiento informado por escrito de parte de los participantes, se realizó una categorización axial para mediante el programa ATLAS.ti para encontrar aquellas palabras que merecían ser analizadas e interpretadas, el método del discurso y la hermenéutica con lo cual se llegó a la teoría emergente. Se concluye que docentes universitarios de la Universidad de Guayaquil, son personas con valores que despliegan en sus prácticas pedagógicas y que esto los ha habilitado a ser considerados como Maestros huella por sus estudiantes.
Las pruebas liberadas: una herramienta formativa para el ingreso a la educación superior
Authors: Vargas Hernández Patricia
Published: November 2023

La finalidad de esta investigación era llevar a cabo un análisis comparativo de las diferentes pruebas utilizadas en los países latinoamericanos para acceder a la educación superior. El objetivo fue identificar los componentes de cada examen, y de esta forma utilizar las pruebas que ya están liberadas en el aula. Sin embargo, solo tres países poseen un sistema de evaluación estandarizada a nivel nacional: SABER 11º en Colombia, PAES en Chile y ENEM en Brasil. En menor escala, EXANI II y PAA en México. Como resultado, se determinó que cada examen de admisión tiene su propio formato de evaluación, que puede basarse en el conocimiento, la competencia, la habilidad, la predicción o la interdisciplinariedad, o en la combinación de todos ellos. En consecuencia, es viable aplicar dichas pruebas, apoyándose en uno y otro formato, como herramienta de preparación mediante la evaluación formativa.
Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje, entre la teoría y la práctica
Authors: Heredia Heredia Luis Jonás , Guamán Naranjo Virginia Antonieta , Vélez Sarmiento Wendy Joana , Vásquez Ayala Pablo Ramiro
Published: November 2023

En el presente artículo se presentan los tres principios básicos del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje y su relación con la educación inclusiva, desde una visión crítica. Algunos autores han criticado este enfoque metodológico, entre otras cosas, por carecer de evidencia que corrobore la relación entre los principios del DUA y mejoras en la motivación y participación de los estudiantes. Por este motivo, se ha llevado a cabo una indagación documental de tesis recientes en las que además de constatarse los beneficios de aplicar el DUA en contextos de educación inclusiva, reportaran la realización de actividades concretas que favorecieran los procesos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Tras una búsqueda minuciosa de artículos y trabajos de investigación recientes, se escogieron cuatro tesis, en las que se analizan la forma como se han llevado a la práctica los principios del DUA y los resultados obtenidos.
Chlamydia antibody titre as a predictor of tubal factor infertility
Authors: Olokor OE  , Aziken ME
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND: Genital Chlamydia trachomatis is major cause of tubal factor infertility. Assessment of tubal patency by hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy are invasive and expensive.  In low resource setting, there may be a place for Chlamydia Antibody Titre (CAT) in infertility work up.Objective: To determine the predictive value of Chlamydia antibody titre in tubal factor infertility.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of women presenting with infertility at the Human Reproduction Research Programme unit of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. All the women had serum Chlamydia antibody titre and hysterosalpingography and where indicated, laparoscopy and dye test. The predictive value of Chlamydia Antibody was assessed using likelihood ratios.Results: The prevalence of Chlamydia antibody among women with infertility was 32.1%. This was significantly higher among women with HSG diagnosed tubal damage (72.1% vs 27.9%; P = 0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of Chlamydia Antibody were 84.6% and 66.7% respectively while the sensitivity and specificity of Hysterosalpingogram were 85.7% and 50% respectively. The positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of CAT were 2.58 and 0.22 respectively while the LR+ and LR- of HSG were 1.72 and 0.28 respectively. Both tests showed comparable predictive value in screening for tubal damage.Conclusions: The predictive value of CAT was comparable to that of HSG. Chlamydia antibody titre determination is non-invasive and inexpensive and may be used in infertility screening to select patient for HSG and laparoscopy.
Edad de Diagnóstico Clínico del Hipotiroideo Congénito: Veinte Años Después
Authors: Tovar Gutiérrez Natalia , Rojas Hern´ández Alex , Torres Matta Fiorella , Susaya Campos Rubén , Del Aguila Villar Carlos , Falen Boggio Juan
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: El hipotiroidismo congénito es una de las principales causas de retardo mental prevenibles, por esta razón su diagnóstico debe ser temprano y el tratamiento oportuno. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de determinar la edad actual de diagnóstico del hipotiroideo congénito mediante criterios clínicos.

Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de tipo descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se analizaron 247 historias clínicas, de las cuales sólo 37 reunieron los criterios de inclusión. Los datos fueron consignados en una ficha confeccionada para este propósito, siguiendo los criterios de diagnóstico clínico de Blanco López et al. , los datos de antropometría fueron analizados con el programa EPI-INFO 2002. El análisis de los datos recogidos fue realizado con el programa estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Science v15.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago III).

Resultados: Se halló una mayor incidencia en el sexo femenino (78%) que en el sexo masculino (22%), con una relación de 3. 62/1. La edad promedio al momento del diagnóstico fue de 5.93 ± 5.28 meses para el total de la muestra. Las características clínicas al momento del diagnóstico fueron: facies abotagada (73%), piel seca (70.3%), fontanelas amplias (70.3%), estreñimiento (64.9%), hipotonía (64.9%) e ictericia (64.9%). Así mismo, se evidenció un marcado retardo del crecimiento. Posterior al diagnóstico y con la administración de L-tiroxina, el patrón de crecimiento muestra encarrilamiento del crecimiento en lo que debería ser su patrón de crecimiento y mejora del peso.

Conclusiones: La edad promedio de diagnóstico del hipotiroideo congénito fue de 5.93 ± 5.28 meses, que contrasta notablemente con la edad de diagnóstico encontrada en el reporte anterior (1992) y fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino. El entrenamiento de los residentes de Pediatría en la detección clínica precoz de esta entidad ha permitido disminuir la edad de diagnóstico de esta entidad, no siendo aún óptima, por lo que debe ampliarse el Programa de Tamizaje de Hipotiroidismo Congénito a nivel nacional.
Surgical Site Infection (SSI) Rate After Colorectal Surgery at the Philippine General Hospital
Authors: Onglao Mark Augustine , Lopez Marc Paul , Monroy Hermogenes , Manlubatan Sofia Isabel
Published: November 2023

Objective: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections. This study aimed to determine SSI rate and the associated factors among colorectal surgery patients. Methods: This included adult patients who underwent surgery under the Division of Colorectal Surgery from January to May 2018. Clinico-demographic, operative, and SSI outcome data were reviewed. Occurrence of SSI during admission until discharge, and up to 30 days after the surgery was analyzed. Results: A total of 172 surgeries were performed. Majority were elective procedures (68.0%) and performed via open approach (67.4%). Most were malignant cases (62.6%). Sixty-three colorectal resections were done (41 colon and 22 rectal). SSI rate prior to discharge was 6.4%, and15.7% at 30 days. Among colorectal resections, 18 (28.6%) patients had SSI at 30 days. SSI rates were significantly higher among patients who were ASA 2 or 3; received chemotherapy 12 weeks prior to surgery; had malignant pathology; underwent emergency surgery; received perioperative transfusion; had stapled skin closure; had low anterior resection for rectal cancer; and had multivisceral resection. Conclusion: The Division of Colorectal Surgery at the Philippine General Hospital had a higher SSI rate as compared to literature. Although this could be partly explained by the differences in patient and surgeon population, improving on SSI rates will be the unit’s goal. Continued SSI surveillance with more patient accrual may provide better insight to the associated risk factors. Key words: Surgical site infection, colorectal surgery, risk factors
The Use of Tropical Fruits for Skills Training in a Neurosurgical Boot Camp
Authors: Pascual Juan Silvestre , Chan Kevin Ivan , Hernandez Mary Angeline , Brillante Edroico , Cayanong Edmund John , Soriano Llex , Legaspi Gerardo , Khu Kathleen Joy
Published: November 2023

Objective: Neurosurgical boot camps allow trainees to hone practical skills in a risk-free environment, but the models and simulators used are relatively costly. In developing countries like the Philippines, low-cost alternatives have to be devised. The authors aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using local, readily available, and inexpensive tropical fruits as surrogate models for basic neurosurgical skills training during a neurosurgical boot camp. Methods: Locally available tropical fruits were used to teach basic neurosurgical skills to trainees. Coconut, pomelo, and watermelon were used as models for head clamp application, scalp and dural suturing, and ventriculostomy, respectively. Feedback was obtained from the participants after the boot camp. Results: All eight residents thought that the boot camp was useful in learning new skills, and that the fruit models served their purpose. The trainees favored the fruit models that catered to the skill sets required according to level of training. The use of tropical fruits in the boot camp also provided an informal atmosphere that was conducive to learning. Conclusion: The novel use of tropical fruits as surrogate models in basic neurosurgical skills training was a feasible and affordable alternative in resource-limited settings, although the activity was perceived to be more useful to junior than to senior residents. The informal atmosphere generated by the use of the fruits contributed to an improved learning experience for the trainee. Key words: Teaching, simulation training, surgical skills, low-cost
Design Problems in Cognitive Radio Networks for Spectrum Sensing
Authors: Mr. Praveen Hipparge  , Dr.Shivkumar S. Jawaligi
Published: November 2023

Cognitive radio is regarded as an innovative approach aimed at enhancing the efficient utilization of the valuable natural resource, namely the electromagnetic spectrum for radio communication. Based on principles of SDR, cognitive radio is wireless communication system with intelligence to interpret its environment. It uses "understanding-by-building" approach to learn about its surroundings and adjust to statistical variations in input signals.Providing rock-solid connectivity whenever and wherever it's needed.aiding in effective use of radio spectrum.Spectrum sensing methods are discussed in this abstract. Spectrum sensing requires energy, so keep that in mind. Therefore, our focus centers on energy-efficient spectrum sensing in order to conserve energy during transmissions, taking into account relevant factors. In this context, an efficient model will be proposed for cognitive radio, encompassing both analytical and simulation aspects.
Improved groundwater modeling by incorporating geological information from hydrogeological sections
Authors: Schiavo Massimiliano
Published: November 2023

Geological cross-sections are usually employed in the hydrogeological model conceptualization, but their usage may not be easily exploited in subsequent modeling phases. The spatial distribution of geological facies along a geological section’s track may significantly vary when using random facies fields, and these may not be faithful to the original conceptualization described by the geological section. The present work offers a novel framework for improving available hydrogeological models using geological sections as a more quantitative source of information, hence by taking into account of information coming from a geological section. Then, this information given by the change in the distribution of porosities is transferred from the section’s track to surrounding locations through a proper kriging procedure upon a chosen Correlation Scale (R), which is exponentially correlated in space. This procedure is tested by using porosity distributions upon several R, associating a conductivity value with each porosity one through empirical formulations, and informing several numerical models related to a real case study (an aquifer in the province of Lecco, Northern Italy). The proposed procedure enables to significantly outperform the former calibrated numerical model. Best-calibrated models show that the convenient R could be from 2 to 5 kilometers long, consistent with the width of the alluvial and fluvioglacial floodplain that characterizes the aquifer under examination.
Separating the control of moving and holding in post-stroke arm paresis
Authors: Hadjiosif Alkis M , Kita Kahori , Albert Scott T , Scheidt Robert A , Shadmehr Reza , Krakauer John W
Published: November 2023

Moving and holding still have been posited to be under separate control regimes for both eye and arm movements. The paretic arm after stroke exhibits different abnormalities during rest vs. movement, providing an opportunity to ask whether control of these behaviors is independently affected in stroke. Here, we quantified resting postural abnormalities in stroke patients by measuring their biases in force production as they held their hand still in various locations in a planar workspace, and then assessed the influence of these resting force biases on reaching in the same workspace. We found that patients had marked resting force biases at each location, even when the arm was supported. However, these biases did not transfer to arm-supported planar reaching movements: not during initial acceleration, not in response to mid-trajectory perturbations, and not during deceleration to a stop. Rather, the abnormal resting forces only appeared to switch on after a movement had fully stopped. These findings suggest that moving and holding are functionally separable modes of control. At the same time, we found that the resting biases mirrored characteristics of abnormal synergies during movement: they markedly decreased when arm support was provided; they were higher in more distal positions which require breaking out of flexion; and they scaled with the Fugl-Meyer score for the upper extremity (a measure of intrusion of abnormal synergies during active movement). These three shared features suggest a common mechanism for resting biases and abnormal synergies, which appears to be a contradiction given the functional separation of moving and holding observed in the same patients. To resolve this paradox, we propose a conceptual model that predicts a breakdown in the functional separation between reaching and holding when patients move in the absence of weight support. This conceptual model posits that synergies are the behavioral manifestation of a spillover of posture into movement. Mapping these functional systems onto anatomical and physiological details of lesioned substrate after stroke may provide implementation-level insight into how normal arm motor control is assembled.
Prior probability cues bias sensory encoding with increasing task exposure
Authors: Walsh Kevin , McGovern David P. , Dully Jessica , Kelly Simon , O’Connell Redmond
Published: November 2023

When observers have prior knowledge about the likely outcome of their perceptual decisions, they exhibit robust behavioural biases in reaction time and choice accuracy. Computational modelling typically attributes these effects to strategic adjustments in the criterion amount of evidence required to commit to a choice alternative - usually implemented by a starting point shift - but recent work suggests that expectations may also fundamentally bias the encoding of the sensory evidence itself. Here, we recorded neural activity with EEG while participants performed a contrast discrimination task with valid, invalid, or neutral probabilistic cues across multiple testing sessions. We measured sensory evidence encoding via contrast-dependent steady-state visual-evoked potentials (SSVEP), while a read-out of criterion adjustments was provided by effector-selective mu-beta band activity over motor cortex. In keeping with prior modelling and neural recording studies, cues evoked substantial biases in motor preparation consistent with criterion adjustments, but we additionally found that the cues produced a significant modulation of the SSVEP during evidence presentation. While motor preparation adjustments were observed in the first testing session, the sensory-level effects only emerged with extended task exposure. Our results suggest that, in addition to strategic adjustments to the decision process, probabilistic information can also induce subtle biases in the encoding of the evidence itself.
Neural substrates of cold nociception in Drosophila larva
Authors: Patel Atit A. , Cardona Albert , Cox Daniel N.
Published: November 2023

Metazoans detect and differentiate between innocuous (non-painful) and/or noxious (harmful) environmental cues using primary sensory neurons, which serve as the first node in a neural network that computes stimulus specific behaviors to either navigate away from injury-causing conditions or to perform protective behaviors that mitigate extensive injury. The ability of an animal to detect and respond to various sensory stimuli depends upon molecular diversity in the primary sensors and the underlying neural circuitry responsible for the relevant behavioral action selection. Recent studies in
Drosophila
larvae have revealed that somatosensory class III multidendritic (CIII md) neurons function as multimodal sensors regulating distinct behavioral responses to innocuous mechanical and nociceptive thermal stimuli. Recent advances in circuit bases of behavior have identified and functionally validated
Drosophila
larval somatosensory circuitry involved in innocuous (mechanical) and noxious (heat and mechanical) cues. However, central processing of cold nociceptive cues remained unexplored. We implicate multisensory integrators (Basins), premotor (Down-and-Back) and projection (A09e and TePns) neurons as neural substrates required for cold-evoked behavioral and calcium responses. Neural silencing of cell types downstream of CIII md neurons led to significant reductions in cold-evoked behaviors and neural co-activation of CIII md neurons plus additional cell types facilitated larval contraction (CT) responses. We further demonstrate that optogenetic activation of CIII md neurons evokes calcium increases in these neurons. Collectively, we demonstrate how
Drosophila
larvae process cold stimuli through functionally diverse somatosensory circuitry responsible for generating stimulus specific behaviors.
DNL343 is an investigational CNS penetrant eukaryotic initiation factor 2B activator that prevents and reverses the effects of neurodegeneration caused by the integrated stress response
Authors: Yulyaningsih Ernie , Suh Jung H , Fanok Melania , Chau Roni , Solanoy Hilda , Takahashi Ryan , Bakardjiev Anna I , Becerra Isabel , Benitez N Butch , Chiu Chi-Lu , Davis Sonnet S , Dowdle William E , Earr Timothy , Estrada Anthony A , Gill Audrey , Ha Connie , Haddick Patrick CG , Henne Kirk R , Larhammar Martin , Leung Amy W-S , Maciuca Romeo , Memarzadeh Bahram , Nguyen Hoang N , Nugent Alicia A , Osipov Maksim , Ran Yingqing , Rebadulla Kevin , Roche Elysia , Sandmann Thomas , Wang Jing , Lewcock Joseph W , Scearce-Levie Kimberly , Kane Lesley A , Sanchez Pascal E
Published: November 2023

The integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved pathway in eukaryotic cells that is activated in response to multiple sources of cellular stress. Although acute activation of this pathway restores cellular homeostasis, intense or prolonged ISR activation perturbs cell function and may contribute to neurodegeneration. DNL343 is an investigational CNS-penetrant small-molecule ISR inhibitor designed to activate the eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) and suppress aberrant ISR activation. DNL343 reduced CNS ISR activity and neurodegeneration in a dose-dependent manner in two established in vivo models – the optic nerve crush injury and an eIF2B loss of function (LOF) mutant – demonstrating neuroprotection in both and preventing motor dysfunction in the LOF mutant mouse. Treatment with DNL343 at a late stage of disease in the LOF model reversed elevation in plasma biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and prevented premature mortality. Several proteins and metabolites that are dysregulated in the LOF mouse brains were normalized by DNL343 treatment, and this response is detectable in human biofluids. Several of these biomarkers show differential levels in CSF and plasma from patients with vanishing white matter disease (VWMD), a neurodegenerative disease that is driven by eIF2B LOF and chronic ISR activation, supporting their potential translational relevance. This study demonstrates that DNL343 is a brain-penetrant ISR inhibitor capable of attenuating neurodegeneration in mouse models and identifies several biomarker candidates that may be used to assess treatment responses in the clinic.
Senescence of endplate osteoclasts induces sensory innervation and spinal pain
Authors: Pan Dayu , Benkato Kheiria Gamal , Han Xuequan , Zheng Jinjian , Kumar Vijay , Wan Mei , Zheng Junying , Cao Xu
Published: November 2023

Spinal pain affects individuals of all ages and is the most common musculoskeletal problem globally. Its clinical management remains a challenge as the underlying mechanisms leading to it are still unclear. Here, we report that greater numbers of senescent osteoclasts (SnOCs) are observed in mouse models of spinal hypersensitivity, like lumbar spine instability (LSI) or aging, compared to controls. The larger population of SnOCs is associated with induced sensory nerve innervation, as well as the growth of H-type vessels, in the porous endplate. We show that deletion of senescent cells by administration of the senolytic drug Navitoclax (ABT263) results in significantly less spinal hypersensitivity, spinal degeneration, porosity of the endplate, sensory nerve innervation and H-type vessel growth in the endplate. We also show that there is greater SnOC-mediated secretion of Netrin-1 and NGF, two well-established sensory nerve growth factors, compared to non-senescent OCs. These findings suggest that pharmacological elimination of SnOCs may be a potent therapy to treat spinal pain.
An ensemble approach for imbalanced multiclass malware classification using 1D-CNN
Authors: Panda Binayak , Bisoyi Sudhanshu Shekhar , Panigrahy Sidhanta
Published: November 2023

Dependence on the internet and computer programs demonstrates the significance of computer programs in our day-to-day lives. Such demands motivate malware developers to create more malware, both in terms of quantity and variety. Researchers are constantly faced with hurdles while attempting to protect themselves from potential hazards and risks due to malware authors’ usage of code obfuscation techniques. Metamorphic and polymorphic variations are easily able to elude the widely utilized signature-based detection procedures. Researchers are more interested in deep learning approaches than machine learning techniques to analyze the behavior of such a vast number of virus variants. Researchers have been drawn to the categorization of malware within itself in addition to the classification of malware against benign programs to examine the behavioral differences between them. In order to investigate the relationship between the application programming interface (API) calls throughout API sequences and classify them, this work uses the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model to solve a multiclass classification problem. On API sequences, feature vectors for distinctive APIs are created using the Word2Vec word embedding approach and the skip-gram model. The one-vs.-rest approach is used to train 1D-CNN models to categorize malware, and all of them are then combined with a suggested ModifiedSoftVoting algorithm to improve classification. On the open benchmark dataset Mal-API-2019, the suggested ensembled 1D-CNN architecture captures improved evaluation scores with an accuracy of 0.90, a weighted average F1-score of 0.90, and an AUC score of more than 0.96 for all classes of malware.
El interés del demandado en su defensa en la etapa de discusión del juicio civil
Authors: Larroucau Torres Jorge , Vogt Geisse Thomas
Published: November 2023

El ejercicio del derecho de defensa del demandado en un juicio civil se desglosaen cuatro facultades procesales, las que, si bien comparten un mismo fundamento, se dis-tinguen de las cargas procesales en cuanto a los efectos de su incumplimiento en la etapa dediscusión del juicio civil declarativo. Este artículo analiza dichas facultades en el marco de lasleyes procesales civiles de Chile y Alemania con el objetivo de identificar las condiciones quehacen efectivo el derecho de defensa en un proceso civil y los mecanismos procesales que ha-cen probable la tutela judicial efectiva de la parte demandada.
Impugnación de la admisibilidad de la declaración del imputado por falta de voluntariedad. Perspectivas y soluciones.
Authors: Beltrán Román Víctor
Published: November 2023

El artículo aborda el problema probatorio que surge al impugnar la admisibili-dad de la declaración del imputado por falta de voluntariedad en el sistema legal chileno. Elobjetivo del artículo es ofrecer perspectivas con soluciones operativas que permitan superarlas dificultades existentes en torno a establecer qué interviniente debe acreditar las condicio-nes bajo las cuales se obtuvo dicha declaración. Se comienza examinando la situación actuala nivel nacional, destacando la ausencia de una solución expresa en la legislación, la escasaatención doctrinal que ha recibido el problema y la existencia de una serie de decisionesconfusas de parte de la Corte Suprema. Luego, a fin de identificar posibles soluciones opera-tivas al problema, se explora el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos y algunaslegislaciones extranjeras. A partir de los hallazgos, es posible identificar dos escenarios –unocon reforma legal y otro, sin reforma legal– que permitirían superar las dificultades actuales.De esa manera, el artículo proporciona una visión integral del problema y ofrece perspectivasconcretas para superar las dificultades actuales asociadas a la impugnación de la admisibilidadde la declaración del imputado por falta de voluntariedad.
Enhancing Sesame Productivity and Profitability with Cluster Front Line Demonstrations in Andhra Pradesh's Nellore District, India
Authors: Jyothi G. L. Siva , Mallikarjun M. , Reddy K. Kiran Kumar , Babu S. Lokesh , Tejaswini V. , Naik D. Vijay Kumar
Published: November 2023

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oil crops grown in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh along with groundnut. Sesame productivity in the district is low and efforts have been made to increase productivity and area by using high-yielding varieties along with integrated crop management (ICM) practices. In the farmer's field, ICM practices like sowing of improved variety (YLM 66), seed treatment, providing sticky traps to monitor sucking pest vectors, application of neem oil at flowering, spraying of monocrotophos at capsule development stage are used. Insect control and carbendazim spray for leaf spot control have been demonstrated. The results showed that in 2021-22 and 2022-23, seed yield improved by 9.9 and 11.2 percent compared to farmers' practices. Economically, demonstration practices have been found to produce higher net profit per hectare over the years compared to farmer practices. In 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, the B:C ratio was 2.76 and 3.08. To increase oilseed production, farmers in Nellore should adopt economically viable techniques based on the technology rate percentage, which ranges from 21.0% to 27.0%.
The Effect of Digital Currency on Monetary Policy in Tanzania: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Arthur Wainyaragania Kennedy
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the effects of digital currency on monetary policy in Tanzania., The main variables of the study included BTC and MBT as the independent variables and M3 as a dependent variable. The quantitative methodology used involved the applications of econometrics analysis as the estimation methods. The quarterly time series data (2014q1 – 2021q4) used were obtained from both the Bank of Tanzania, the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics and the online data from www.blockchain.com. The main variables of the study included BTC and MBT as the independent variables and M3 as a dependent variable. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used to estimate the empirical regression model, while STATA software 14 was used to analyse the data. The results indicate of the VECM indicated that there was a significant negative relationship between BTC and M3 variables on the one the one hand, and a significant positive relationship between MBT and M3 variables in Tanzania. The study concluded that there was a significant effect of the digital currency on monetary policy in the country. The study recommended that the government should education the people on how the digital currency operates, it should strengthen monetary policy practices, and try to learn from others countries that use the digital currency. This would help the country to officially allow or reject the use of digital currency in the country.