bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rocky Road to the Formation of the Korean Department of the Eastern Section of the Communist International (1919 – first half of the 1920s)
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation, Ornatskaya Tatiana A.
Published: September 2021

The article highlights the process of formation of the Korean Department of the Eastern section of the ICCA under the conditions of existence of the buffer state — the Far Eastern Republic. It was to strive for geopolitical compromise in face of the Civil War and the Allied Intervention. The paper discusses conditions for establishment and reasons for further expansion of the Korean section. On the basis of documents from central and regional archives that are being thus introduced into the first scientific use, the contradictions of the national section formation are shown, the positions of the warring parties and the role of Soviet Russia representatives in the settlement of conflicts are highlighted. The conclusion is made about further directions of work with Korean communists. The past provides an opportunity to take a critical look at the events of a century ago, while the opening of the Comintern archives allows the open press to saturate its content with new data. The main body of unpublished documents on the activities of the Communist International is contained in the fond 495 of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, however, information on some aspects may be found in other federal and regional archives. It is no secret that foreign communists played their role in the foreign policy of Soviet Russia, and their help was big. However, the process of bringing them to work in the interests of the RSFSR has not yet been fully studied. Expediency, cost, and consequences of their work may be arguable, but only one conclusion is allowed: this page of national history should not be forgotten, it has to find its researchers. Recently, the study of the activities of departments and sections of the Communist international has not been popular among researchers either. The notions of ideological work have fallen by the wayside, pushed away by the Soviet past of the Comintern departments and sections. However, in our view, some aspects of the activities of divisions and sections of the Comintern remain relevant.
“Will Be Arranged by His Imperial Majesty's Decree”: The Little Russian Collegium’s Responses to A. D. Menshikov: November – December 1722
Authors:   First President of Russia B. N. Eltsin Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Lazarev Yakov A.
Published: September 2021

Official responses of the Little Russian Collegium to A. D. Menshikov (November – December 1722) are being published for the first time. These documents (responses to a private and influential person) are a unique and previously unknown type of source. In total, three such documents have been discovered. According to the documents, A. D. Menshikov sought the Collegium’s assistance in realization of his private interests that violated the rights of local class groups and contradicted official practices. The Collegium of Little Russia -— One of the Peter the Great’s innovations in the system of public administration -— was a great obstacle in his way. It was a unique institution of territorial administration located outside the imperial capitals, in the town of Glukhov (1722–27). The establishment of the Collegium was an administrative experiment, as Peter I believed in streamlining the management of Little Russia. The creation of the new Collegium did not imply replacing local institutions of Cossack and municipal self-government or diminishing their role. Actually, this is clearly articulated in the official responses of members of the Little Russian Collegium. In their response to his inquiries, the officials gave Menshikov a negative answer, detailing the limits of their competence. The Collegium could not ignore mandatory procedure approved by Senate decrees and special instructions. In short, all affairs concerning local population were to be solved by the Cossack authorities, and only in case of delay, the Collegium was to check the legality of procedure. Thus, the documents allow us to clarify to what extent the activities of the Little Russian Collegium complied with its normative provisions, whether or not its members observed its mandatory practices and how its work reflected on the institutions of Cossack self-government and the situation of the local population. The value of the published official answers lies in the fact that A. D. Menshikov received virtually the same answers from the president of the Collegium in their private correspondence. Thus, the identified sources permit to outline important elements of the process of formation of modern state, in which corrupt private interest (even on the part of a super-powerful nobleman) could be suppressed through official procedures. Despite complex political conjunctures, the Collegium was able to defend its administrative autonomy. The documents also show that the establishment of the Little Russian Collegium gave certain guarantees and protection to local estate groups and individuals who did not have political influence, and protection against abuses of the Cossack elite in particular.
Unknown Documents on the History of the February Revolution of 1917 and the Circumstances of the Abdication of Nicholas II
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Knyazev Mark A.
Published: September 2021

The question of actions of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II during the February Revolution, and in particular, of his willingness or unwillingness to make concessions to the Duma opposition is a controversial issue in the historiography. Thus, Soviet and ?migr? historians believed that the tsar agreed to reforms under pressure of the military elite, which collaborated with the State Duma in those rebellious days. However, in modern historical science, an opposite opinion is gaining foothold, according to which in February – March 1917 the monarch showed a conciliatory attitude towards the opposition and was ready to agree to an actual limitation of his power by introducing a responsible ministry. The roadblock is assessment of sufficiency and reliability of the source corpus (mainly memoirs) for drawing the conclusion about the tsar's readiness for reforms. The lack of “documentary” evidence makes the narrative of the tsar’s desire to establish a “ministry of confidence” vulnerable. However, documents of the period of the February Revolution that have been identified in the State Archive of Russian Federation (fond 97 “Office of the Palace Commandant of the Ministry of the Imperial Court”) allow us to come nearer the end of this historiographical discussion. They are two typewritten paragraphs on a single sheet of paper, without a title or any additional information on its author, time, and place of creation. Source analysis has concluded that the documents are drafts of tsar’s telegrams prepared by the palace commandant V. N. Voeikov on March 1, 1917 to be sent to the ex-chairman of the State Duma M. V. Rodzianko. The content of these drafts clearly indicates that the tsar was ready to provide a “ministry of confidence” even before his arrival at the headquarters of the Northern Front on the evening of March 1, that is, de facto to establish parliamentarism in Russia. The author's reconstruction of the events has showed that the first draft of the telegram is tsar’s delayed response to the appeal of the Duma leader encouraging him to reform public administration (dated February 26-27, 1917). The second telegram is supposed to be sent to Rodzianko inviting him to Pskov for final decision concerning the head of the new “government of confidence.” Despite the fact that they for some reasons had never been sent to the addressee, these “messages,” nevertheless, are the “documentary” evidence of Nicholas II’s consent to a gradual introduction of parliamentarism in the country during the February Revolution.
History of the Syrian Christians on the pages of the book “The Urmia Tragedy. The Life of the Holy Martyr Pimen (Belolikov, 1879–1918), Bishop of Semirechensk and Vernen”
Authors:   Editorial board of the magazine Vestnik arhivista / Herald of an Archivist, Moscow, Russian Federation, Inozemtseva Z. P.
Published: September 2021

The peer-reviewed monographic study by Archimandrite Damaskin (Orlovsky), dedicated to the little-studied problem of the missionary activity of the Russian Orthodox Church and the policy of the Russian government towards the Christian part of the Syrian people, has been carried out on the basis of a vast array of archival primary sources, many of which have been thus introduced into scientific use. It is noted that the peer-reviewed work is one of the first, where the author, acting simultaneously as historian and as agiator, recreates the historical canvas of the saint’s life on the basis of a comprehensive study of archival sources, including documented testimonies of persons who were canonized, but whose names and works were crossed out from the official historiography. The review shows that the historical and agiographic context of the author's study has allowed him to quickly and comprehensively recreate historical facts and events, fates of individuals and to reveal their morality. The reviewer appreciates the historical significance of the book's materials, believing that they deserve the closest attention of historians, foreign policy specialists, political scientists, clergy, scholars in historical psychology. The book will be of interest to teachers and students studying the history of religions and of the Russian Orthodox Church.
O capitalismo triunfante na visão atual de João Paulo II
Authors: Boff Clodovis M.
Published: September 2021

Tentaremos aqui expor a tese central — e a novidade — da nova encíclica a respeito do Capitalismo. Em seguida examinaremos como aparecem aí as questões fundamentais do Terceiro Mundo, do Socialismo e da Igreja hoje.
Debatable aspects of systemic angiitis and autoinfl ammatory diseases
Authors: Shilkina N. P. , Dryazhenkova I. V. , Yunonin I. E. , Chetvertakova Zh. E.
Published: September 2021

The new data about immune-infl ammatory rheumatic diseases pathogenesis with the participation of the processes of autoimmunity and autoinfl ammation attract attention to the heterogeneity of systemic angiitis, their nomenclature, classifi cation, pathogenesis and the approaches to the therapy. Recommendations of the second International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC2012) and EULAR recommendation (2016, 2018) regarding diagnostics and treatment of SA are discussed. The data of 141 patients with various forms of SA and 18 patients with the diseases, which relate to the group of autoinfl ammatory processes as well as the retrospective analysis of 130 patients with the hyperimmunoglobulinemia E are given.
Задачі покриття і типізації комутаційних схем в конструкціях мультимедіа
Authors: Корольова Я.Ю. , Онищенко В.В. , Нос А.І. , Лукашук О.В.
Published: September 2021

Авторами на основі теоретичного узагальнення і робіт, пов'язаних з компонуванням типових елементів, розглянуті задачі покриття і типізації комутаційних схем. Серед методів компонування виділяють два характерних класи. До першого класу відносяться такі, в яких здійснюється розбиття комутаційної схеми на блоки з урахуванням таких обмежень, як число елементів в блоках, число зовнішніх вихідних роз'ємів блоків, сумарна площа. Другий клас утворює методи, в яких крім конструктивних характеристик утворюються і їх функціональні характеристики. Вони виникають на етапі переходу від функціональних і логічних схем до комутаційних схем орієнтованих на задану систему елементів, складаються в призначенні елементів логічної схеми в типові модулі із заданого набору. Даний клас називають методом покриття або задачами компонування типових блоків. У статті розглянута задача покриття, приведені набори класів осередків і розглянутий варіант різнотипних елементів, які пов'язані між собою. У задачі типізації розглянуто розбиття комутаційної схеми на частини за критерієм оптимальності – мінімуму номенклатури частин розбиття і за критерієм оптимальності – максимуму однотипності використовуваних осередків. В якості математичної моделі використовували теорію графів, зіставивши конструктивні елементи комутаційної схеми вершинам графа, а електричні з'єднання ребрам графа.
Research efficiency use of orthogonal double polarization MIMO antennas in drone communication
Authors: Мартинчук О.О. , Василишин В.І. , Лісян У , Мартинчук О.О.
Published: September 2021

The article considers possible variants of application of various MIMO schemes for the communication with the drone or unmanned aerial vehicle. The model of multipath propagation of radio waves taking into account polarization parameters of antennas is given. The main focus is on the use of MIMO technology with polarization-orthogonal channels and channels with double polarization. The evaluation of the efficiency of using full polarization reception in comparison with MIMO channels of one polarization is given. Attention is paid to the presence of cross-polarization solution between the channels.
Систематизація креативних прийомів побудови графічної композиції
Authors: Потрашкова Л.В.
Published: September 2021

Мета цього дослідження – розробка класифікації типів новизни у графічній композиції та відповідна систематизація креативних прийомів графічного дизайну. Графічний дизайн розглядається як процес, який має вхід та вихід. На вхід зазначеного процесу надходить зміст інформації (повідомлення, message), який необхідно передати. Виходом (результатом) процесу є графічна композиція. У роботі виявлено складники графічної композиції та їхні атрибути і на цій основі запропоновано класифікацію типів новизни у графічному дизайні. У відповідність виявленим типам новизни зіставлено групи креативних прийомів. Застосування креативних прийомів проілюстровано на прикладі розробки фірмового графічного стилю для факультету інформаційних технологій ВНЗ.
Міжнародний досвід побудови систем забезпечення національної безпеки. Висновки для України
Authors: Гудима О.П.
Published: September 2021

На протязі 30 років назалежності України тривають роботи щодо побудови системи забезпечення національної безпеки держави (сектору безпеки і оборони, сил оборони). З виданням нової редакції Закону України “Про національну безпеку України” змінилась структура керівних документів держави. На сьогоднішній день триває етап опрацювання відповідних нормативних документів центральними органами виконавчої влади, які виконують завдання в сфері національної безпеки і оборони. При формуванні нормативно-правової бази держави доцільно врахувати досвід побудови систем забезпечення національної безпеки країн світу. В статті проаналізовано досвід Сполучених Штатів Америки, Канади, країн Європи, Китайської народної республіки, Туреччини, Японії, Південної Кореї. На основі проаналізованого досвіду опрацьовані пропозиції щодо удосконалення системи забезпечення національної безпеки України (сектору безпеки і оборони, сил оборони) та державної системи управління силами оборони в кризових ситуаціях.
Застосування ймовірнісних мереж довіри для багатокритеріального оцінювання показників якості озброєння та військової техніки
Authors: Камак Ю.О. , Нестеренко С.О. , Рудніченко С.В. , Чигрин Р.М.
Published: September 2021

В статті проводиться аналіз  процесу конкурентного вибору зразків озброєння та військової техніки з метою вибору зразка озброєння та військової техніки, найкращого за визначеним показником якості з ряду альтернативних. Проведено аналіз існуючого методичного апарату вирішення поставленої проблеми та запропоновано використання апарату байєсівської мережі довіри для вирішення задачі вибору якісного зразка озброєння та військової техніки. Наведено аналіз програмних засобів для моделювання байєсівських мереж довіри. Запропонована процедура прийняття рішення щодо вибору зразка за ймовірнісними критеріями в умовах недостатньої визначеності.
Авіаційні комплекси дальнього радіолокаційного виявлення і управління – закупівля чи розроблення
Authors: Климченко В.Й. , Тютюнник В.О. , Дончак Д.А. , Тах’ян К.А.
Published: September 2021

Проведено аналіз проблематики використання літаків дальнього радіолокаційного виявлення і управління в Збройних Силах України. Проаналізовані причини, які обумовлюють необхідність обговорення питання щодо доцільності або недоцільності використання літакових систем дальнього радіолокаційного виявлення і управління в інтересах Збройних Сил України. Визначено типи, кількість та основне призначення літаків дальнього радіолокаційного виявлення і управління у державах з рівнем військового бюджету, який є сумірним з бюджетом Збройних Сил України. Проаналізовано можливі шляхи оснащення Збройних Сил України літаками дальнього радіолокаційного виявлення і управління з урахуванням їх потрібної кількості, типів, виконуваних завдань та економічних можливостей України.
Побудова нечіткого регулятора стабілізації судна на траєкторії
Authors: Дакі О.А. , Іваненко В.М. , Федунов В.М. , Чебан В.І.
Published: September 2021

Підвищення точності стабілізації маломірного судна на траєкторії та зниження кількості перекладок руля, що підвищує ресурс авторульового, досягається за допомогою нечіткого регулятора, який працює на основі використання досвіду людини-рульового. В статті розроблена структурна схема управління та стабілізації судна на траєкторії, загальна схема управління із застосуванням нечіткого регулятора, а також структурна схема системи управління рухом маломірного судна із нечітким регулятором. Розроблена база правил для нечіткого регулятора та правила виведення, які ґрунтуються на відомому методі логічного виведення Мамдані. Застосування нечіткого регулятора дозволяє забезпечити зниження кількості перекладок руля суднової рульової машини.
Correcting Inaccurate Metaperceptions Reduces Americans’ Support for Partisan Violence
Authors: Mernyk Joseph S. , Pink Sophia Lerner , Druckman James , Willer Robb
Published: September 2021

Scholars, policy makers, and the general public have expressed growing concern about the possibility of large-scale political violence in the United States. These worries find support in studies revealing that many American partisans support the use of violence against rival partisans. Here we propose that support for partisan violence is based in part on greatly exaggerated perceptions of rival partisans’ support for violence. We also predict that correcting these inaccurate “metaperceptions” can reduce partisans’ own support for partisan violence. We test these hypotheses in a series of pre-registered, nationally representative, correlational, longitudinal, and experimental studies (total n = 4,741), collected both before and after the 2020 U.S. Presidential election and the 2021 U.S. Capitol attack. In Studies 1 and 2 we found that both Democrats’ and Republicans’ perceptions of their rival partisans’ support for violence and willingness to engage in violence were very inaccurate, with estimates ranging from 239% to 489% higher than actual levels. Further, we found that a brief, informational correction of these misperceptions reduced support for violence by 37% (Study 3) and willingness to engage in violence by 44% (Study 4). In the latter study, a follow-up survey revealed the correction continued to significantly reduce support for violence approximately one month later. Together, these results suggest that support for partisan violence in the United States stems in part from systematic over-estimations of rival partisans’ support for violence, and that correcting these misperceptions can durably reduce support for partisan violence in the mass public.
10 Causal Models for Life: Physics, Life Science, Urbanism, Humanities.
Authors: Baciu Dan Costa
Published: September 2021

Creativity is found in artworks as well as in the color-ful feathers of paradise birds. Diversity is found in ecosystems as well as in cities. Digital signals are found in nerve cells as well as in computer systems. Can causal models explain why life is at once creative and diverse, and why it uses digital systems? This present text builds on common empirical observations as well as long accumulated modeling experience to develop a unified framework for causal modeling that applies to all sciences including physics, biology, and cultural studies. In this framework, life can be diverse, creative, and digital all at once.
Menilai Dampak Perpustakaan Menggunakan ISO 16439:2014
Authors: Bahrudin Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Issues on measuring or assessing library impact have not been widely discussed in Indonesia. So far, many libraries have only focused on how to measure its performance in various aspects and the provision of statistical data conducted with various tools / methods / approaches, including SNI ISO 11620:2014 on library performance indicators and SNI ISO 2789:2013 on library statistics. This paper aims to introduce one of the standards that can be used in library impact assessment, ISO 16439-2014, Information and documentation - Methods and procedures for assessing the impact of libraries. This paper is a review paper and the method used in its writing is a general review that is providing an overview of a particular subject by examining previously published studies on the subject. This paper summarizes some of the methods described in ISO 16439 and new insights related to the implementation of library impact assessments based on these standards. Based on the results of the review, this standard comprehensively describes various methods for assessing the impact of libraries on individuals, institutions or library communities, and social that have been used around the world by various types of libraries at various scales. It also provides a way to determine the right method choices according to the impact assessment objectives that a library want to achieve, scope, and resources.
Đổi tiền tại Việt Nam, 1985
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: September 2021

Đổi tiền tại Việt Nam năm 1985 là đợt đổi tiền lần thứ ba sau khi chấm dứt chiến tranh năm 1975 ở Việt Nam. Đợt đổi tiền này nằm trong kế hoạch kinh tế Giá - lương - tiền để thực thi mô hình xã hội chủ nghĩa ở Việt Nam.
Jual Beli Kredit Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Putri Kharisma
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan jual beli kredit dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam yang dibangun berdasarkan penafsiran ayat-ayat yang menjadi sumber dan landasan ekonomi Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan metode penafsiran maudu‘i (tematik) dan metode penafsiran tahlili (analitik). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hukum kebolehan (mubah) jual beli kredit berdasarkan dengan keumuman jual beli dalam Surat Al-Baqarah Ayat 275 dengan batasan-batasan syar’i yaitu harga yang disepakati dan pencatatan transaksi sesuai dengan Surat An-Nisaa ayat 29 dan Al-Baqarah Ayat 282.
Pengolahan Kaset Rekaman Video: Studi Kasus di Pusat Dokumentasi Video Jogja TV
Authors: Bahrudin Muhammad
Published: September 2021

This study discusses the processing of video recording collections in Pusat Dokumentasi Video Jogja TV. The objectives are identification management video recording collections in there and special characteristic of the system has been applied. This is qualitative-descriptive research with a case study design. Data were collected by observation and interview with the related informants. Findings of this study was suggesting for upgrading the system has been applied and the need for being subject indexing that controlled by the authority control. It will make an easy way for the information retrieval process.
A tension assessment model for digital twins of continuous rolling processes
Authors: Overhagen Christian
Published: September 2021

The paper deals with the calculation of interstand tensions in continuous rolling mills for flat and long products. A fast calculation method for the interstand tensions from measurable process quantities is a mcritical point to enable the construction of digital twins for the rolling process, which must be adjusted to the real-world tension behaviour of the production system. It is straightforward to calculate the effects of the tensions on roll forces, torques and the strip or bar velocity. However, the inverse problem of calculating the acting interstand tensions including their effects from the process parameters is of much greater interest but also of a higher complexity, because the interactions between all of the stands in the continuous rolling mill must be taken into account. The paper presents a mathematical model to solve the inverse problem by subsequent linearization of the tensions influences in the rolling mill.Extra nonlinearities are taken into account by modeling the tension-dependent spread by an empirical model. The overall model is solved by an iteration method to yield a fully compatible solution for the constant volume flux as well as the force and torque equilibria in the roll gaps. Results are shown for the tension distributions in strip and rod mills. The results indicate that the present friction conditionsand the spreading behaviour of the rolled material have a high impact on the tension distributions.
State of Mining Education in Africa: A Case of Zambia
Authors: Banda Webby , Besa Bunda
Published: September 2021

The mineral industry needs a steady supply of skilled professionals entering the workforce, it must be recognized that as mineral development becomes more complex and technical the training of mineral industry professionals should be adjusted to reflect this. The mineral industry has undergone several changes in terms of technological advances, it is further envisioned that the future mine will rely on a highly skilled skeleton labour force with the ability to perform several tasks through automated and remote-controlled operations and monitoring. This paper assesses Zambia’s mining education to uncover whether the current state of mining education curricula is in a position to address the need of the future mining industry. This assessment was done based on four key areas of the future mine. These key areas have been identified as operating practices and technology, talent and leadership, partnership with key stakeholders, and governance. A comparative analysis with three mining Universities in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region was undertaken. From the assessment, mining education in Zambia’s two largest mining Universities, namely, the University of Zambia (UNZA) and Copperbelt University (CBU) needs to be refined to fully address the future needs of the mining industry.
Thinking Structurally: A Cognitive Framework for Understanding How People Attribute Inequality to Structural Causes
Authors: Amemiya Jamie , Mortenson Elizabeth , Heyman Gail D. , Walker Caren
Published: September 2021

To make accurate causal inferences about social group inequalities, people must consider structural causes. Structural causes are a distinct type of extrinsic cause—they are stable, interconnected societal forces that systematically advantage some social groups and disadvantage others. We propose a cognitive framework to specify how people attribute inequality to structural causes. This framework is rooted in counterfactual theories of causal judgment and suggests that people will recognize structural factors as causal when they are perceived as “difference-making” for inequality above and beyond any intrinsic causes. Building on this foundation, our framework makes the following contributions: First, we propose specific types of evidence that support difference-making inferences about structural factors, within-group change (i.e., the disadvantaged group’s outcomes improve under better societal conditions) and between-group comparisons (i.e., the advantaged group, who has similar baseline intrinsic traits to the disadvantaged group, experiences more favorable societal conditions and outcomes). Second, we consider contextual, cognitive, and motivational barriers that may complicate the availability and acceptance of this evidence. We conclude by exploring how the framework might be applied in future research on people’s causal inferences about inequality.
Deep Learning-Based Estimation and Goodness-of-Fit for Large-Scale Confirmatory Item Factor Analysis
Authors: Urban Christopher John , Bauer Daniel J.
Published: September 2021

We investigate novel parameter estimation and goodness-of-fit (GOF) assessment methods for large-scale confirmatory item factor analysis (IFA) with many respondents, items, and latent factors. For parameter estimation, we extend Urban and Bauer's (2021) deep learning algorithm for exploratory IFA to the confirmatory setting by showing how to handle constraints on loadings and factor correlations. For GOF assessment, we explore simulation-based tests and indices that extend the classifier two-sample test (C2ST), a method that tests whether a deep neural network can distinguish between observed data and synthetic data sampled from a fitted IFA model. Proposed extensions include a test of approximate fit wherein the user specifies what percentage of observed and synthetic data should be distinguishable as well as a relative fit index (RFI) that is similar in spirit to the RFIs used in structural equation modeling. Via simulation studies, we show that: (1) the confirmatory extension of Urban and Bauer's (2021) algorithm obtains comparable estimates to a state-of-the-art estimation procedure in less time; (2) C2ST-based GOF tests control the empirical type I error rate and detect when the latent dimensionality is misspecified; and (3) the sampling distribution of the C2ST-based RFI depends on the sample size.
Is Psychological Flexibility a Coping Mechanism?
Authors: Tindle Richard , Hemi Alla , Moustafa Ahmed
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of many individuals and has caused global increases in psychological distress. Research has shown that social support, psychological flexibility, and coping mechanisms are important protective factors against psychological distress. However, recent evidence suggested that psychological flexibility might not be a coping mechanism but could be the mechanisms to determine the type of coping approach an individual will employ during stressful events. In this study, we test a novel theoretical mediation model to identify if, during stressful events (i.e., COVID-19), individuals perceived level of social support directly increases their psychological flexibility; and if the effect of psychological flexibility on psychological distress is mediated by approach and avoidant coping strategies. To test the model, 360 participants completed the following surveys: COVID-19 concerns scale, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, the comprehensive assessment of acceptance and commitment therapy, and the brief COPE. Results show that most participants report a high level of psychological distress. One novel finding in our study was the mediating role of coping mechanism between psychological flexibility and psychological distress. Our results partially confirm that psychological flexibility might influence the type of coping an individual will employ during stressful events. Within the context of COVID-19, we have shown that social support, psychological flexibility and the types of coping mechanisms individuals employ have an impact on their levels of psychological distress. However, we argue that the proposed model could be applied to other stressful events.
Social Rejection Sensitivity and its Role in Adolescent Emotional Disorder Symptomatology
Authors: Minihan Savannah , Kwok Cassandra , Schweizer Susanne
Published: September 2021

Background: Most emotional disorders first emerge during adolescence, a time characterized by heightened sensitivity to social information, especially social rejection. Social rejection sensitivity (SRS), then, may be a promising intervention target. Methods: To explore this, 357 participants (M (SD) age = 19.40 (4.18), 63% female) completed self-report measures of SRS, its proposed antecedent, perceived parenting style, its proposed behavioral correlate, negative interpretation bias, and its proposed outcome, emotional disorder symptoms. Participants additionally completed a single session of a social interpretation bias modification task, the ambiguous social scenarios task (ASST).Results: SRS was associated with perceived parental rejection, while controlling for other types of maladaptive parenting. SRS partially accounted for variance in the relationship between perceived parental rejection and emotional disorder symptomatology, as well as the relationship between negative interpretation bias and emotional disorder symptoms. Learning rates (i.e., change in reaction time across the task) on the ASST differed as a function of age and SRS, such that younger participants with higher SRS showed the slowest rate of learning. Moreover, individual differences in SRS accounted for the magnitude of change in negative interpretation bias before and after the ASST. Individuals with greater SRS showed less change in interpretation bias. Conclusions: SRS appears strongly associated with emotional disorder symptoms in adolescents. Importantly, SRS was associated with the malleability of negative interpretation bias, which may help account for the mixed findings on the effectiveness of interpretation-bias-modification-paradigms in adolescents.
A pilot implementation-effectiveness trial of a single-session telehealth workshop and smartphone-based cognitive behavioral intervention for managing emotions among college students
Authors: Kleiman Evan , Bentley Kate , Wacha-Montes Annmarie , Taylor Madison , Conti Kaileigh , Lozy Olivia , Mayer W. Reese
Published: September 2021

The number of college students who need mental health treatment outpaces the resources available to counseling centers to provide these needed services, presenting a need for low-cost, scalable interventions for college populations. We conducted a pilot effectiveness trial of a scalable treatment package that consisted of a single (telehealth) workshop plus a companion app that provided ecological momentary intervention. Participants (n=177) received a workshop provided by counseling center staff and trainees. We were interested in (1) engagement with the app, (2) acceptability of the treatment, and (3) initial effectiveness of the treatment. Regarding engagement, we found that participants preferred two reminder prompts per day and identified two key inflection points where engagement fluctuated: at day 15, where just over half of the sample practiced a skill on the app at least once during the day and at day 41, where just over one third of people practiced a skill on the app each day. Regarding acceptability, students generally reported positive attitudes about the single-session workshop and app, but also noted that the content and assessments in the app needed to be more dynamic to improve how engaging it is. Regarding effectiveness, we found that about 75% of the sample experienced a significant reduction in negative affect from pre- to post-ecological momentary intervention. The results of this study are promising in terms of providing initial support for this novel treatment package and provide useful information for researchers planning to develop and test similar interventions.
Clinical Profile of Patients Admitted with Seizure Disorder in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Isha , Malla Kalpana Karmacharya , Ghimire Pukar , Bhandari Bibek
Published: September 2021

Introduction:  Seizure is one of the common presentation and reason for  hospital admission in children. This study aims to address the etiology and clinical characteristics of the patient.
Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in which children of age 1month to 15 years  presenting with seizure were included. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0.
Results: Out of 192 patients,126 (65.6%) were males and 66(65.6%) were females with the ratio of 1.9:1. Distribution of events in different age groups were 16.1%(n=31) in group of 1month to 1 years, 63%(n=121) in group of 1yrs to 5 years,12.1%(n=24) in group of 5years to 10 years and 8.3%(n=16)in  children above 10years.70.3% had febrile seizure, with the highest incidence in age group of 1 to 5 years. Generalised tonic clonic seizure was seen in 94.3% and focal motor seizure in 5.7%. No difference was seen  in distribution of the type of seizure across different age groups (p= 0.192).Presenting complaints were fever in 75.5%, loss of consciousness in 26.0%, vomiting in 25.0% , headache in 23.4%, altered sensorium in 8.3% and focal neurological deficits in 8.3%. 33.9% of children had a family history of seizure. Causes of febrile seizures included upper respiratory tract infection in 82.2%, acute gastroenteritis  in 12.6%, urinary tract infection in 3% and pneumonia  in 2.2%. Afebrile seizure was idiopathic in 38.6% and identifiable causes in the remaining were sequelae of birth asphyxia in 17.6%, hypoglycemia in 8.8%, neuronal migration defects and neurocysticercosis in 5.3%. No relation was observed  between the history of perinatal asphyxia and the age of onset of seizure (p=0.250). Of all the patients 57.8% were discharged without antiepileptic, 27.6% were treated with monotherapy whereas 14.5% required polytherapy to achieve seizure control.
Conclusions: Seizure is  a common problem in children, with the highest incidence in the age group of 1 to 5 years and  febrile seizure is  the most common type of seizure in children.
Incidence, Risk Factors and Immediate Outcome of Preterm Neonates: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Acharya Niraj , Poudel Sumita
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Preterm birth is defined as birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation. It is one of the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality in the world.
Aims: The study was aimed to find out the incidence, possible risk factors and outcome of inborn preterm babies till they were discharged from the hospital.
Methods: This is a prospective hospital based study. A total of 100 preterm babies delivered in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur and admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were studied. Preterms were divided into 2 groups extremely to very preterm (<32 weeks) and moderate to late preterm (≥ 32 weeks). The preterm babies were evaluated for various morbidities sand mortality till they were discharged from the hospital.
Results: Data of 100 babies was analyzed. Out of 100 preterm babies 40 were extremely to very preterm babies (<32 weeks) and 60 were moderate to late preterm babies (≥32 weeks).  Significant risk factors associated with preterm deliveries were inadequate antenatal visits (73%), primi gravidity (58%), preterm premature rupture of membrane (55%), urinary tract infection (54%), anemia (53%), teenage pregnancy (43%), antepartum hemorrhage (41%) and pregnancy induced hypertension (33%). The total mortality was higher in extremely to late preterm than in moderate to late preterm. The most common causes of mortality were Neonatal sepsis (NNS), Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) and Birth Asphyxia.
Conclusion: The hospital incidence of preterm neonates is still very high. The major risk factor seen in the study was inadequate antenatal visit. Preventive measures, early identification of risk factors will improve the outcome.
Assessment of the Status of Contralateral Ear in Post-Operative Subjects of Unilateral Chronic Otorrhoea
Authors: Bhandari Shama , Shrestha Sulav , Paudel Dhundi Raj
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Chronic otitis media is one of the most common ear diseases in developing countries like Nepal and is important cause of the hearing loss. Chronic otitis media is rarely an isolated entity, because the responsible factors for its development in one ear in similar way will impact the contralateral ear, since both ears have a common “nasopharyngeal” drainage. Contralateral ear is defined as asymptomatic ear in cases of unilateral chronic otitis media.
Aims: To evaluate the audiological profile of Contralateral ear in post-operative subjects of unilateral otorrhoea.
Methods: Patients fulfilling criteria underwent Otoscopic examination, tuning fork test and pure tone audiometry. The findings of contralateral ear like retraction, tympanosclerotic patch (TS patch), thin, dull and atrophied tympanic membrane were noted. The final diagnosis with the type of surgery of diseased ear, as well as status of contralateral ear were entered into the proforma. All the patients were followed till three months in relation to anatomy of Tympanic membrane onotomicroscopy and pure tone audiometry respectively.
Results: In postoperative cases of mucosal disease, the cases with abnormality in the contralateral ear reduced from 17 to 10 patients (30.3%) and the normal patients increased from 16 to 23 cases (69.7%). Likewise, in postoperative squamous disease, the cases with abnormality in the contralateral ear reduced from 14 to 11 patients (64.7%) and the normal patients increased from 3 to 6 cases (35.3%). Out of 50 cases, 14 cases (28%) had defective hearing while 36 cases (72%) had normal hearing in the contralateral ear respectively.
Conclusion: The high incidence of occurrence of abnormality in contralateral ear indicate that both ears should be regarded as a pair. Unilateral Chronic otitis media should not be taken as a static phenomenon but as a continuous process in the other ear too.
Correlation of Epithelial Cell Abnormality in Cervical Cytology with Cervical Histology
Authors: Shrestha Richa , Sinha Kavita , Sharma Nirmala , Shrestha Anil
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females worldwide and third most common cancer in Nepal. Conventional Pap smear is the most widely used screening tool for detecting premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Cytohistological correlation of Pap smear is a widely accepted method for analysis of various factors leading to discrepancies in diagnosis and internal quality assurance.
Aims: To study the cytohistological correlation of epithelial cell abnormality in Pap smear in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal.
Methods: This is a hospital based prospective cross sectional study carried out at Department of Pathology, NGMC, Kohalpur, Nepal from August 2018 to January 2020. The study included 137 cases of Pap smear with epithelial cell abnormality and correlated with corresponding histopathological findings.
Results: The age of patients ranged from 20-80 years with the number of cases seen in the range of 30-39 years (n=44; 32.1%). Whitish discharge per vaginum was most common presenting symptom.  High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was the most common abnormal finding in Pap smear with a frequency of 40 (29.1%) cases. Out of 137 cases of Pap smear 57 (41.6%) cases showed discrepancies in cervical biopsy. All cases of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) were correctly diagnosed by Pap smear. The overall sensitivity of smear test was 84%. After evaluating cytohistological correlation, the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was found to be 100% for SCC, 52% for HSIL and 59% for Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL).
Conclusion: The current study revealed a good correlation between cervical cytology and biopsy in Pap smear showing epithelial cell abnormalities. Thus, cytology and histology are complementary to each other and helps to reduce discrepancies.
Caesarean Section in Confirmed COVID-19 Patient at Nepalgunj Medical College: Case Report
Authors: Sinha Kavita , Kushwaha Amrendra , Adhikari Homnath
Published: September 2021

An outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia occurred worldwide since December 2019, which had been named COVID-19 subsequently. It is extremely transmissive that infection in pregnant women were unavoidable. The delivery process will produce large amount of contaminated media, leaving a challenge for medical personnel to ensure both the safety of the mother and infant and good self-protection. Here, we report a 27 year woman had reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19 at 37 weeks 2 days of gestation. An emergency caesarean section at 38 weeks 2 days of gestation under spinal anaesthesia was performed for oligohydramnios with scar tenderness with strict protection for all personnel.
Contemporary Nepali Arts: Ambivalence and In-between-ness
Authors: Sharma Yam Prasad
Published: September 2021

Contemporary Nepali arts are connected among each other along with western arts and early Nepali artworks. These artworks share the subject matters, techniques and forms of earlier traditions. Inter-textuality is sometimes created through recycling and appropriation. Similar elements have been used for different purposes. Likewise, similar contents reappear in different forms. Contemporary Nepali arts are the mélange of various cross-currents. Ever-changing alien art influences in the present time have unsettled representational modes of arts. Some art techniques have been borrowed from the western arts, the Hindu and the Buddhist myths and rituals, and native art traditions. The artworks present different elements that have been intertwined. The artworks neither assimilate nor reject the alien art forms but strike balance between them from ambivalent and in-between space. Through the plural art forms, contemporary Nepali arts not only express the feelings of the Nepali artists but also explore the socio-cultural issues of contemporary Nepal. Due the co-presence of diverse images, symbols and forms, the artworks speak of the cultural self and the cultural other. The identities of these art forms are constructed and reconstructed in ambivalent and in-between spaces of local and global influences. Such art forms are plural and open-ended, and their significances or meanings become multiple.
उत्पादकीय वस्तुको डिजाइन [Design of Productive Goods]
Authors: सिं Sing अशोकमान Ashokman
Published: September 2021

उपभोग्य सामान वा वस्तुलाई मोडेर बट्टाभित्र राख्नका लागि आकर्षक एवम् कलात्मक ढङ्गबाट तयार पारिनेडिजाइनलाई ‘प्याकेजिङ डिजाइन’ (packaging design) भनिन्छ । प्याकेजिङ डिजाइनको ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमितथा नेपालमा यसको विकासक्रमबारे खोतल्नु प्रस्तुत लेखको उद्देश्य रहेको छ । प्याकेजिङ डिजाइनरका रूपमा लेखकको लामो अनुभव र सम्बन्धित व्यक्तिहरूसंगको कुराकानीमा यो लेख आधारित छ ।
पप आर्ट : बीसौं शताब्दीको एक महत्त्वपूर्ण कला आन्दोलन [Pop art: An Important art Movement of the Twentieth Century]
Authors: राजभण्डारी Rajbhandari नवीन्द्रमान Nabindraman
Published: September 2021

दोस्रो विश्वयुद्धपश्चात् परिवर्तित आर्थिक एवम् सांस्कृतिक परिवेशसंगै अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कला जगतमा  संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले आफ्नो प्रभुत्व जमाउन थालेको थियो । तदुपरान्त आधुनिक कलाका गतिविधिहरूको केन्द्र अमेरिका बन्न थालेको थियो । आम सञ्चार तथा आम उत्पादनमा प्रयोग हुने आकृति तथा पद्धतिहरूलाई कलामा उपयोग गर्ने प्रवृत्तिसंगै ‘पप आर्ट’ को अभ्युदय भएको  थियो । वास्तवमा विश्वयुद्धपश्चात् अकासिएको आर्थिक समुन्नति तथा त्यसबाट जनित ‘पप संस्कृति’ नै पप आर्टको उद्गम थियो । इङ्ग्ल्यान्डबाट थालनी भएको पप आर्ट अमेरिकामा मौलाएको  थियो । प्रस्तुत लेखमा पप आर्टको पृष्ठभूमि, यसको प्रवृत्ति तथा यस शैलीका महत्वपूर्ण कलाकारहरूबारे चर्चा गरिएको छ । [With the changing economic and cultural environment after World War II, the United States began to dominate the international art world. Since then, the United States has become the center of modern art activities. Pop art emerged with the tendency to use the forms and methods used in mass communication and mass production in art. In fact, the post-World War II economic boom and the resulting "pop culture" were the origin of pop art. Pop art originated in England]