bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Budget Institutions in G-20 Countries - An Update
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The recent crisis left many G-20 countries with significant fiscal consolidation needs. There is evidence that well-designed budget institutions can help countries to plan and deliver successful fiscal adjustments. A 2010 internal IMF study identified ten budget institutions which can support the consolidation process, assessed their strength in each G-20 country, and identified priorities for institutional reform. Following consultations with all G-20 countries and using a revised evaluation framework, this paper: (i) reports on progress in strengthening their budget institutions; (ii) analyzes their impact on post-crisis fiscal performance; and (iii) makes recommendations for further institutional reform
Budget Institutions in G-20 Countries - Country Evaluations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The central government publishes comprehensive financial statements, which include the social security funds and balance sheets with all financial assets and liabilities. Audited financial statements are published more than nine months after the end of the fiscal year. The 2004 Fiscal Responsibility Law (LRF), introduced a number of key reforms in public financial management which apply to the central and most of the first layer of sub-national governments. The reforms include establishment of a macro-fiscal framework, fiscal rules, a medium-term budget framework (MTBF), a system of quarterly budget execution reports, and the Federal Council on Fiscal Responsibility (FCFR) which is tasked to enforce the provisions of the LRF However, there are problems with the LRF and its implementation: (i) the out-years of the MTBF are indicative only; (ii) several LRF provisions have been suspended or relaxed since 2009; (iii) some provinces are not complying with their obligations under the law; and (iv) membership in the FCFR is not mandatory and adherence to the LRF is voluntary. The FCFR comprises of representatives of the central government, the city of Buenos Aires,1 and 21 of the 23 provincial governments. Nonetheless, the law has significantly increased the capacity to coordinate fiscal policies across levels of government and individual jurisdictions. Differences between macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts and outturns are not analyzed. Limited information is presented on fiscal risks. Budget execution control and reporting have been strengthened through a series of upgrades to the Integrated Financial Management Information System (SIDIF), which began operations in 1993.
Conditionality in Evolving Monetary Policy Regimes
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

With single-digit inflation and substantial financial deepening, developing countries are adopting more flexible and forward-looking monetary policy frameworks and ascribing a greater role to policy interest rates and inflation objectives. While some countries have adopted formal inflation targeting regimes, others have developed frameworks with greater target flexibility to accommodate changing money demand, use of policy rates to signal the monetary policy stance, and implicit inflation targets.
Quotas - Data Update and Simulations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The quota database has been updated by one year through 2014. Overall, the results of the update continue the broad trends observed in previous updates, but the shifts between the main country groups are generally smaller. Using the current quota formula, the calculated quota share of Emerging Market and Developing Countries (EMDCs) as a group increases by 0.6 percentage points relative to the 2015 update to 49.3 percent, which is about half the increase in the last update.

The paper takes stock of recent discussions on the quota formula, including the outcome of the Quota Formula Review in 2013 and subsequent discussions in the context of the annual quota data updates. It also updates the illustrative simulations of possible reforms of the quota formula presented previously, using the latest data. These simulations have sought to capture possible reforms that would be broadly in line with the conclusions of the Quota Formula Review and Directors’ guidance is sought on the relative merits of these reforms and the most productive areas for future work.

Download Quota Data: Updated IMF Quota Formula Variables - September 2016
The Consolidated Medium-Term Income and Expenditure Framework
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

The medium-term income projections have been updated from the April 2015 outlook and the February review of the adequacy of precautionary balances. The main changes to the outlook stem from a more gradual rise in the SDR interest rates and lower surcharge income following the lowering of the surcharges threshold.

The revised projections still show a positive forecast for net operational income (and surcharges) over the medium term, albeit lower than projected a year ago. Lending income (excluding surcharges) is marginally higher compared with earlier estimates. Surcharge income is estimated to be lower, reflecting the adjustment of the surcharges thresholds following the implementation of quota increases under the 14th General Review. Projected income from the Fixed-Income Subaccount of the Investment Account and interest-free resources are expected to increase more gradually over the medium-term as market indicators now point to a slower rise in interest rates from their current low levels. The expenditure path includes an increase in real terms of about ½ percent in the net administrative budget for FY 2017 to accommodate rising costs for physical and IT security. Moreover, reflecting further upward pressure over the medium term and uncertainty about the scope for offsetting savings, the traditional baseline assumption of a constant real spending envelope in the outer years is complemented by an alternative scenario with a further moderate spending increase of 1½ percent, phased in over FY 2018–19. In addition, a lower projected U.S. dollar/SDR exchange rate increases the expenses in SDR terms.
Managing Government Compensation and Employment - Institutions, Policies, and Reform Challenges
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

Government compensation and employment policies are important for the efficient delivery of public services which are crucial for the functioning of economies and the general prosperity of societies. On average, spending on the wage bill absorbs around one-fifth of total spending. Cross-country variation in wage spending reflects, in part, national choices about the government’s role in priority sectors, as well as variations in the level of economic development and resource constraints.
Progress Report to the IMFC on the Activities of the Independent Evaluation Office of the IMF
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

Since the April 2017 report to the IMFC, the IEO has completed its evaluation on social protection, continued work on evaluations on fragile states and financial surveillance, initiated a new evaluation on advice on unconventional monetary policy, and advanced two updates.
Guidance for the Investment of Temporary Resources to Generate Income to Contribute to PRG, PRG-HIPC, and CCR Trusts
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

On July 28, 2017, the Executive Board approved the following decision on the Investment of Temporary Resources to Generate Income to Contribute to PRG, PRG-HIPC, and CCR Trusts. This decision references the Guidelines for Investing PRG, PRG-HIPC, and CCR Trust Assets, which were adopted by the Executive Board on March 22, 2017. These Guidelines are also available to the public.
Guidelines for Investing PRG, PRG-HIPC, and CCR Trusts Assets
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

On March 22, 2017, the Executive Board adopted the Guidelines for Investing PRG, PRG-HIPC, and CCR Trust Assets (the “Guidelines”) to establish the investment objectives and policies to guide the investment of assets of the PRG, PRG-HIPC, and CCR Trusts (the“Trusts”) which are available for investment under the Trusts’ instruments. These Guidelines are included in this document.
Extension of the Periods for Consent to and Payment of Quota Increases
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes a further six-month extension of the period for members to consent to an increase in their quotas under the Fourteenth General Review of Quotas (“Fourteenth Review”) through December 29, 2017. The current deadline is due to expire on June 30, 2017. However, Board of Governors Resolution No. 66-2 provides that the Executive Board may extend the period for consent as it may determine. An extension under Resolution No. 66-2 will also extend the periods of consent for quota increases under the 2008 Reform of Quota and Voice (Resolution No. 63-2) and the Eleventh General Review of Quotas (Resolution No. 53-2).

This paper also proposes a further six-month extension of the period for payment of quota increases under the Fourteenth Review, and an extension for the payment of the quota increases under the 2008 Reform, through December 29, 2017.
Progress Report to the International Monetary and Financial Committee on the Activities of the Independent Evaluation Office of the IMF
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: September 2019

This report describes recent follow-up on past Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) evaluations, summarizes the update of the 2006 evaluation of multilateral surveillance, and outlines the ongoing evaluations. It raises the concern that progress in implementing Board-endorsed IEO recommendations has been quite mixed, suggesting the need for further consideration to reinforcing the follow-up process.
Brazil
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: September 2019

The economic recovery after the 2015-16 recession has disappointed, with real GDP growing by only 1.1 percent in 2017 and 2018. Inflation is close to target, hovering around 4 percent. Monetary policy is accommodative with policy rates at the historical low of 6.5 percent. Fiscal policy was neutral in 2018 while gross public debt reached 88 percent of GDP. Financial markets have rebounded since the 2018 election.
Cabo Verde
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: September 2019

Following a long period of high growth, improved living standards and poverty reduction that lasted through the 2008 global financial crisis, Cabo Verde has been facing the challenge of low growth until recently and high public debt, also driven by key State-Owned Enterprises’ (SOEs) losses. To consolidate recent gains and address remaining challenges, the authorities are implementing an ambitious reform agenda under their Strategic Plan for Sustainable Development (PEDS). In this context, they are requesting IMF support through a program under the Policy Coordination Instrument (PCI) for 18 months.
Somalia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: September 2019

The Somali authorities continue to make important strides in state-building and maintaining political and economic stability; nevertheless, Somalia remains fragile and vulnerable to security and climate shocks. While the underlying growth momentum is robust, supported by improving confidence given consistent reform implementation, improved security, and strong donor support, drought conditions threaten agricultural performance in 2019 and have triggered warnings of severe food insecurity.
Burkina Faso
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: September 2019

In light of widespread concern about the security crisis and protracted public sector pay disputes, the government resigned in January 2019. The new government, installed with a mission to combat the security crisis with more vigor, remains under tremendous pressure. Growth in 2018 remained resilient as a bumper harvest more than compensated for a decline in non-agricultural GDP growth. Inflation remained subdued, and the overall fiscal deficit declined below 5 percent of GDP, though essentially at the cost of lower public investment. Given difficulties in moving ahead with a constitutional reform, the authorities are now focusing on a two-stage strategy to contain the wage bill. First, in the near term, transitional measures will be implemented and the outlook for the wage bill would remain in line with the understandings reached at the first review. Second, in the meanwhile, the authorities will continue exploring politically feasible ways to adopt their reform package. The main risks to the program stem from heightened security risks and further labor disputes.
Focalização do PRONAF na região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Brambilla Marcos Aurélio , Michellon Ednaldo
Published: September 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação espacial do percentual de agricultores familiares e do financiamento do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf) per capita na região Sul. Para isso, o trabalho utilizou como metodologia a Análise Exploratória dos Dados Espaciais (AEDE) e realizou as análises global (I de Moran) e local (mapa de cluster). Os dados foram extraídos do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário (MDA). O resultado mostrou que há uma autocorrelação espacial positiva, entre o percentual de agricultores familiares e o valor do financiamento do Pronaf per capita na região Sul do país. Desse modo, conclui-se que há focalização do Pronaf em regiões que mais concentram agricultores familiares no Sul do país.
SOCIAL IDENTITIES OF BLACK FEMALES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS USED IN BRAZIL AND CAMEROON: INTERSECTIONALITIES OF RACE, GENDER, SOCIAL CLASS AND CRITICAL RACIAL LITERACY
Authors: Ferreira Aparecida De Jesus
Published: September 2019

This article analyzes how the social identities of black females are represented in English-language textbooks used in Brazil and Cameroon; the intention is to generate reflections on how these social identities are portrayed. This research is linked to my participation in an international research project involving universities in Brazil and Cameroon. In the article I analyze a textbook I collected in Cameroon (Bamenda) and another textbook that is used in Brazil. I address the following: 1) What are the results of studies regarding English-language textbooks, the social identities of black females, and intersectionality with the issues of race, gender and social class in Brazil? 2) What do English-language textbooks used in Brazil and Cameroon reveal about black females and intersectionalities with social class? The reference framework that supports this discussion includes the issues of intersectionality, race, gender and social class (CRENSHAW, 1991), as well as critical racial literacy (SKERRETT, 2011; MOSLEY, 2010, FERREIRA, 2015b). The article concludes that black females are less represented than males in textbooks used in both Brazil and Cameroon. In the case of Brazil, black females are less represented than black and white males, and white females.
Is Simpler Always Better? Effects of Perceptual Detail and Viewpoint on Spatial Cognition and Metacognition
Authors: Stevens Christopher A. , Carlson Richard A.
Published: September 2019

When making spatial judgments, people tend to prefer to use artifacts and displays with a high level of perceptual detail or realism. Sometimes, increasing detail is helpful. But sometimes it leads to an information overload that degrades performance. Very little prior research has examined the effect of perceptual detail on orientation judgments. Such judgments require a person to flexibly adopt various novel viewpoints within a space. We hypothesized that perceptual details would help people construct flexible representations of a novel space and that people would be more confident when perceptual information was available at study. Sixty participants memorized a map of a novel location, made judgments of relative direction, and gave confidence estimates about those judgments; one group studied a high-detail satellite map and the other studied a low-detail schematic map. People who studied the high-detail map were more confident and accurate in their later judgments about the map. Overall, the study suggests that perceptually vivid maps may improve performance and confidence in spatial judgments about a newly learned space.
The relationship between family environmental factors and child sensory integration
Authors: Zhang Jun , Tang Mude
Published: September 2019

Objective: To investigate the relationship between child sensory integration and family environmental factors.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The sample (n = 130) was recruited from children attending the outpatient department of a pediatric hospital located in central part of China. Sensory integration of the child was reported by either parent from using a Chinese version of the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test.Results: Approximately 17.69%-24% of the participating children experienced impairments in different dimensions of sensory integration. Severe impairment occurred in 3%-5% of the participating children. Paternal-child interaction had a significant effect on vestibular function of the child, after controlling for the effect of covariates including maternal obstetric history and low birth weight status of the child. Family functioning was found significantly related to tactile sensation, proprioception. and learning ability of the children.Conclusions: It appears that family environment plays a significant role in sensory integration outcomes of older children.
A pilot assessment: Integrating a cystic fibrosis simulation scenario to enhance pre-licensure educational understanding of genomics
Authors: Sharoff Leighsa
Published: September 2019

Background and objective: Integration of patient simulations into the nursing student curricula have been shown to be effective and innovative teaching enhancements leading to enhanced knowledge, clinical reasoning and judgment for students, whilst promoting optimal patient care. This pilot study aimed to explore how the use of a simulation, with a genetic component of a Cystic Fibrosis (CF) case scenario, improved the self-perceived knowledge comprehension of pre-licensure baccalaureate nursing students of a large diverse urban School of Nursing.Methods: Three assessment surveys were utilized to glean data: nine multiple choice questions explored factual content of CF pre/post simulation; five question survey explored self-perception of knowledge and one open-ended simplified critical incident report provided qualitative data.Results: Twenty-four pre-licensure third year nursing students participated (three groups of eight students). All participants agreed that their understanding of the genetic component of CF improved post simulation. Four major themes emerged from the qualitative data: genomics and nursing; patient education; teamwork exercise and patient-nurse relationship. Conclusions: Integrating a genetically-based condition into a simulation, whereby students are expected to research the condition, engage in patient education, facilitate effective and appropriate nursing care enriches their critical thinking, confidence, skills and knowledge acquisition.
Effect of Extraction Conditions for Recovery of Chlorogenic Acid and Flavonoids from Wet Cider Apple Pomace under Subcritical Water
Authors: Ibrahim Salis , Santos Regina , Bowra Steve
Published: September 2019

Industrial wet cider apple pomace was subjected to subcritical water mediated hydrolysis in a batch reactor with varying experimental conditions such as solid-to- solvent ratio (1-8 % w/v), temperature (100- 200 oC) and a residency time (10-30 min) to understand the effects of the experimental conditions on overall recovery of polyphenolic compounds. Chlorogenic acid and some flavonoids were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Higher yields of chlorogenic acid and the flavonoids were obtained between 100- 150 oC for residence time of 20 minutes. Solid-to solvent ratio and temperature played a significant role in the recovery of the polyphenolic compounds (p< 0.05). The results demonstrated that, residence time at a fixed extraction condition was less significant (p> 0.05). However, it was significant for yield of degradation compounds such as protocatechuic aldehyde, 5- HMF and furfural. Subcritical water selectively influenced the chemical structure of the polyphenolic compounds.
POLISH CENTRAL MUSEUM REPOSITORY FOR
GDAŃSK VOIVODESHIP. PART 2: IN SOPOT AND
IN OLIWA
Authors: Kamińska Lidia Małgorzata
Published: September 2019

The second part of the paper on the repositories
located in Sopot and Gdańsk-Oliwa refers to the articles on Polish
conservation and museum repositories published in the previous
issues of the ‘Muzealnictwo’ Annual, particularly in the 2018
issue No. 59. The paper covers the period 1945–1949, in which
the first stage of the transport of the artistic collections to the
Polish Central Museum Repository in the Gdańsk Voivodeship
(PCZM) took place. Established in 1945 by the Ministry of Culture
and Art (MKiS) and the Central Directorate of Museums and
Collection Protection (NDMiOZ), the institution was meant to
collect moveable heritage that on the grounds of the decrees
issued at the time was becoming property of the Treasury of
State. The main PCZM’s seat was located in Sopot, the second
in Gdańsk-Oliwa. The activity of the Repository is described, and so are the responsibilities of its staff and management,
number of monuments collected at a given period, operation
principles, administrative reporting, financing, outlays on the
edifices of the Repository buildings. Furthermore, legal and
political conditioning for PCZM’s operations are given. The
issued decrees and ordinances changing the political regime in
the country are given; they had a direct impact on the property
collected at the Repository: abandoned, former German, and
former manorial and on its ownership transfer. Moreover,
extracts from instructions, orders, and circulars issued by the
then administration, and affecting PCZM’s goals and operating
are quoted; additionally, localities from which objects were
transferred to PCZM are given, and sources to further investigate
the topic are pointed to.
Simulação de Arquiteturas de Sistemas de Monitoramento de Quedas de Pacientes Domiciliares
Authors: Teixeira Bruno Jorge , Bulcão-Neto Renato
Published: September 2019

Quedas são uma causa recorrente de hospitalização de idosos. Sistemas IoT têm sido desenvolvidos para monitorar, detectar e notificar quedas de pacientes no ambiente domiciliar. Entretanto, estudos têm reportado que a maioria das quedas ocorre no banheiro, local onde os idosos comumente não estão utilizados os dispositivos vestíveis que os monitoram para notificar serviços de saúde e resgate em caso de queda. Neste sentido, o uso de sensores instalados no ambiente do banheiro poderia contribuir para aumentar o grau de detecção de quedas. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como o uso de modelos de simulação pode proporcionar uma avaliação, em tempo de projeto, de alternativas arquiteturais para sistemas de monitoramento, detecção e notificação de quedas em ambientes domésticos baseados em IoT. Duas alternativas arquiteturais (uma convencional baseada em dispositivos vestíveis e uma que melhora a primeira e inclui sensores no ambiente do banheiro) são avaliadas. Dados reais de quedas foram utilizados durante as simulações. Resultados preliminares mostram um aumento de até 8,2% na detecção de quedas da segunda arquitetura em relação à primeira.
Uma ferramenta para apoio gráfico na geração e simulação de Teste Baseado em Modelos
Authors: Lagôa Nogueira Lucas , Da Costa Paiva Sofia Larissa
Published: September 2019

O Teste de Software é uma atividade importante a ser realizada para garantir a detecção de defeitos durante a criação de um software e fornece evidências de confiabilidade do software. Existem várias técnicas de teste que podem ser aplicadas e uma delas é o Teste Baseado em Modelos, mas muitas das contribuições são apenas teóricas, tendo a necessidade de uma ferramenta que apoie a geração e execução dos testes em contextos reais, possibilitando uma aplicação real de tais pesquisas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi projetar e implementar uma interface gráfica para a ferramenta que apoia o método Wiots, que usa o modelo Input-Output Transition Systems (IOTS). Essa ferramenta fornece apoio gráfico na geração e execução dos testes, possibilitando acompanhar os resultados da execução e pontos na qual podem existir problemas no software.
BULNER: BUg Localization with word embeddings and NEtwork Regularization
Authors: Rodrigues Barbosa Jacson , Marcondes Marcacini Ricardo , Britto Ricardo , Soares Frederico , Rezende Solange , M. R. Vincenzi Auri , E. Delamaro Márcio
Published: September 2019

Bug localization (BL) from the bug report is the strategic activity of the software maintaining process. Because BL is a costly and tedious activity, BL techniques information retrieval-based and machine learning-based could aid software engineers. We propose a method for BUg Localization with word embeddings and Network Regularization (BULNER). The preliminary results suggest that BULNER has better performance than two state-of-the-art methods.
Schutz vor psychischen Belastungen durch die Individualisierung des Arbeitszeitrechts
Authors: Jacobs Steffen
Published: September 2019

The spatial and temporal delimitation of work as a result of the digitisation of the working environment has had a considerable impact on the psyche of employees. It should be noted that there are certain tasks which employees no longer consider to be a significant burden on their leisure time, in the evening or on holiday and which are, nevertheless, prohibited because the maximum working time has been exceeded (§ 3 ArbZG) or because the rest period has been interrupted (§ 5 ArbZG). There is, therefore, a need to make working time legislations more flexible. The concept of the “Belastungsschutzvereinbarung” (BSV) makes it possible to deviate from the rigid provisions of working time law and, at the same time, guarantees health protection tailored to the individual needs of each case. How this can be achieved, and which legal limits must be observed, is the subject of this paper.
Kreditwucher, Kreditvermittlungswucher und Additionsklausel
Authors: Heizer Julia
Published: September 2019

This paper provides a comprehensive and holistic presentation of usury, credit brokerage usury, and the so-called „Additionsklausel“ [addition clause] in § 291 Abs. 1 StGB [German Criminal Code], thereby also including problems related to civil law.
In a first step, the historical development and the protective purpose of the norm are presented. Thereafter, the constituent elements of the granting and brokerage of a loan are outlined. Furthermore, the characteristic features of the victim’s weakness are defined and systematised. The existence of a so-called "conspicuous imbalance" between performance and reward is derived in the context of (1) brokered installment loans for consumers, (2) the granting of loans to persons who can no longer receive a loan from credit institutions due to a lack of creditworthiness, (3) commercial loans, (4) loan reschedulings, (5) occasional loans from private lenders, and (6) loan brokerage.
Different kinds of interaction among several persons in the context of the granting and the brokerage of a loan are clearly defined and distinguished from one another. Finally, the constituent elements, as well as the legal nature of the „Additionsklausel“, are examined.
Iniciação ao violão através de práticas musicais coletivas: aspectos para a produção de arranjos didáticos
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rampinelli Tamires Lemos , Vetromilla Clayton Daunis ,   Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO)
Published: September 2019

Este estudo apresenta aspectos do projeto de pesquisa que está sendo desenvolvido no Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Música (Proemus) da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Unirio). Depois de breve categorização de uma amostragem da produção pedagógica de violonistas brasileiros renomados (ZANON, 2006), discutimos aspectos pertinentes à elaboração de arranjos didáticos visando o contexto de aulas coletivas de instrumento. Finalmente, são apresentadas duas versões instrumentais para a canção folclórica O cravo brigou com a rosa, que contemplam os temas discutidos anteriormente. Do ponto de vista teórico, confrontamos França e Swanwick (2002) ao propor um estudo da performance instrumental que contempla criatividade, expressividade e consistência estilística.
Prática e didática da música de câmara
Authors:   UFG - Universidade Federal de Goias, Ray Sonia
Published: September 2019

Questões relativas à fundamentação da atuação do músico camerista e do professor de música de câmera são o foco deste texto. A pouca atenção de pesquisadores da área de performance musical aos fundamentos da realização e ensino desta prática tem levado a uma multiplicidade, por vezes desorientada, de ações na formação do camerista. O objetivo principal da discussão aqui apresentada é gerar reflexão sobre o tema, bem como oferecer diretrizes para estudantes e professores de música de câmara. Partindo dos conceitos de Performance Musical (2015a) e Pedagogia da Performance Musical (RAY, 2015b), são apresentados fundamentos e sugestões de organização didática da música de câmara em nível intermediário (graduação). Para tanto, o texto está organizado em três partes principais: 1) Fundamentos para uma Didática da Música de Câmara, 2) Elementos da prática e didática da música de câmara e 3) Considerações para o planejamento da disciplina. A discussão e sugestões aqui apresentadas evidenciam os benefícios de estudos conceituais focados na prática e didática da música de câmara, sobretudo em processos formais de ensino.
Religion, a Major Driver for Forced Internationalization
Authors: Ergin Hakan , De Wit Hans
Published: September 2019

Today's global phenomenon of forced displacement, at a record high since World War II, has resulted in refugees struggling for access to higher education around the world. Refugees form an untraditional category among international students and force policy makers to employ uncommon drivers to both support their access to universities and handle any possible local societal tensions. Using the case of Syrian refugees' access to higher education in Turkey, this article discusses how religious motivation can enhance refugees' access to higher education in a host country.
Why India Will Fail to Attract Global Faculty
Authors: Altbach Philip G. , Mathews Eldho
Published: September 2019

India is trying to attract international faculty to teach and do research in Indian universities. The challenges of this initiative are considerable, including low salaries, government regulations and bureaucracy, and a lack of appropriate infrastructure.
Hybrid humour as cultural translation: The example of Beur humour
Authors: Bendi Merouan
Published: September 2019

Humour is a phenomenon that is pervasive in the human heritage in all its different ethnic and cultural diversity; however, humorous effects might exceed the mere pleasure or laughter to serve as a strategy of survival. Hybrid humour has an important societal role in breaking psychological barriers between people as well as in denouncing dominant discourses, criticizing realities and promoting resistance. This paper investigates hybrid humour as cultural translation, particularly Beur verbal humour in France. The first section of this paper explores the notion of cultural translation. In the second section, in order to conceptualize humour from different angles, I attempt to highlight the main theories in Humour Studies. The third part is devoted to investigate the hybridization of cultures from a postcolonial perspective, and subsequently interpret the notion of hybrid humour as a translational act. Finally, I analyze a set of hybrid jokes made by the Franco-Algerian humourist Fellag.
Individual differences in the way observers perceive humour styles
Authors: Brown Robyn , Findlay Bruce Malcolm , Brinker Jay
Published: September 2019

Humour has been conceptualized as styles, which vary based on their function (Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray, and Weir, 2003). Research examining if and how observers perceive this intent is limited. The current study addresses this research gap by examining the perceptions of Martin et al.’s (2003) four humour styles. Additionally and of particular interest, was whether self-defeating humour and another self-directed humour style, self-deprecating humour, were perceived as two independent humour styles. Despite being similar in content, self-deprecating humour is associated with higher self-esteem and self-defeating humour with lower self-esteem.  Two hundred and four students watched comedy clips and completed a survey online. Participants were asked to categorize each video clip by humour style and to rate the self-esteem of the target (i.e. comedian). Results revealed that humour styles are distinguishable by observers with participants predominantly selecting one humour style over the others for each clip.  In support of the second hypothesis, targets who were categorised as using self-deprecating humour were perceived as having higher self-esteem than those categorised as using self-defeating humour, illustrating a distinction in the perception of these humour styles at an interpersonal level.
The secret life of deep-sea shrimps: ecological and evolutionary clues from the larval description ofSystellaspis debilis(Caridea: Oplophoridae)
Authors: Bartilotti Cátia , Dos Santos Antonina
Published: September 2019

Currently there are 21 shrimp species in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea which are considered to belong to the superfamily Oplophoroidea, but the larval development is unknown for most of them. The complete larval development ofSystellaspis debilis(Milne-Edwards, 1881), here described and illustrated, is the first one to have been successfully reared in the laboratory, consisting of four zoeal and one decapodid stages. The zoeae were found to be fully lecithotrophic, which together with the females’ lower fecundity, are probably evolutionary consequences of the species mesopelagic habitat.
Open ocean nocturnal insect migration in the Brazilian South Atlantic with comments on flight endurance
Authors: Alves Ruy J.V. , Costa Luíz A.A. , Soares Alexandre , Silva Nílber G. , Pinto Ângelo P.
Published: September 2019

We observed a nocturnal insect swarm aboard the oceanographic ship Cruzeiro do Sul of the Brazilian Navy, while conducting a survey of the Montague guyot (seamount), 389 km distant from the nearest land in the South Atlantic. The insects came from open sea toward the ship from all directions, attracted by the powerful light of the deck. Most insects collided with the hull and fell into the ocean, but we managed to capture and determine 17 (13 Hemiptera of a single species, three Lepidoptera of three species and one Odonata). With one exception, we are certain that none of the specimens caught originated from the ship. The geographic origin, most likely the coast of Brazil, and flight endurance of these insects were inferred using data on wind speed and direction, provided by the crew of the ship, and were reconstructed using Hysplit modeling of air current trajectories.
Complexing Agents
Authors: Kołodyńska Dorota
Published: September 2019

In this article, the short description of the traditional and green complexing (chelating) agents (EDTA, NTA, IMDA, HEDTA, DCTA, and DTPA as well as IDS, DS, EDDS, GLDA, and MGDA), their physicochemical properties, manufacturing process, as well as application in cleaning compounds, pulp and paper, agrochemical, textile, food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industries, etc. are presented. The characteristics of their compounds with heavy metal ions are also included.
D
esulfobacterium
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: September 2019

De.su.fo.bac.te'ri.um. L. pref.
de
, from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; N.L. pref.
desulfo
‐, desulfuricating (prefix used to characterize a dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing prokaryote); N.L. neut. n.
bacterium
, a rod; N.L. neut. n.
Desulfobacterium
, a rod‐shaped sulfate reducer.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfobacteriaceae / Desulfobacterium

Cells are oval‐to‐rod shaped, measuring 0.7–1.5 × 2.0–2.5 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Motile. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotroph, using formate, acetate, propionate, alcohols, other simple organic compounds, indole, quinole, and 2‐aminobenzoate as carbon sources and electron donors. Electron donors are completely oxidized to CO
2
most likely via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Growth on formate does not require acetate. Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Mesophilic. Optimal growth temperature 28°C. Media containing a reductant and vitamin B
12
are necessary for growth. The genus
Desulfobacterium
contains only one described species that requires 20 g l
−1
NaCl and 3 g l
−1
MgCl
2
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 47.4 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Desulfobacterium indolicum
Bak and Widdel 1988, 136
VP
(Effective publication: Bak and Widdel 1986, 175).
D
esulfofustis
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: September 2019

De.sul.fo.fus'tis. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; L. masc. n.
fustis
, club; M.L. masc. n.
Desulfofustis
, a club‐shaped sulfate reducer.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobulbia / Desulfobulbales / Desulfocapsaceae / Desulfofustis

Straight or slightly curved rods. Motile. Spore formation not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs and chemolithoheterotrophs, using glycolate, glyoxylate,
l
‐lactate,
l
‐malate, fumarate, succinate, yeast extract, or hydrogen (in the presence of CO
2
and acetate) as electron donors and carbon sources for anaerobic respiration. Organic substrates are non‐stoichiometrically oxidized incompletely to acetate and CO
2
(less acetate is formed); glycolate or glyoxylate completely oxidized to CO
2
. Sulfate, sulfite, and S
0
are electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Fermentative growth not tested. Mesophilic. Optimal growth temperature, 28°C. Neutrophilic. Media containing a reductant and vitamins are necessary for growth. The genus
Desulfofustis
contains one described species.
Desulfofustis
species occur in anoxic brackish and marine sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.2 (LC), 56.3 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfofustis glycolicus
Friedrich, Springer, Ludwig and Schink 1996, 1067
VP
.
F
angia
Authors: Asem Mipeshwaree Devi , Li Wen‐Jun
Published: September 2019

Fang'i.a. N.L. fem. n.
Fangia
named after Professor Xinfang Fang, founder of the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiotrichales / Fastidiosibacteraceae / Fangia

Gram‐negative, short rods to coccobacilli occurring singly or in pairs, and nonmotile. Cells divide by binary fission. Aerobic and chemoheterotrophic. Catalase‐positive, and oxidase‐positive or weakly positive. Chemotaxonomic features include ubiquinone‐8 as the respiratory isoprenologue, and anteiso‐C
17:0
, anteiso‐C
15:0 and
C
18:1
ω9
c
as the major component of the fatty acids.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 38 (WGS).

Type species
:
Fangia hongkongensis
Lau, Ren, Fung, Woo, Yuen, Chan, et al. 2007, 2669
VP
.
Minor gait impairment despite white matter damage in pure small vessel disease
Authors: Finsterwalder Sofia , Wuehr Max , Gesierich Benno , Dietze Anna , Konieczny Marek J. , Schmidt Reinhold , Schniepp Roman , Duering Marco
Published: September 2019

Objective

Gait impairment is common in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). However, gait studies in elderly SVD patients might be confounded by age‐related comorbidities, such as polyneuropathy or sarcopenia. We therefore studied young patients with the genetically defined SVD CADASIL. Our aim was to examine the effects of pure SVD on single and dual task gait, and to investigate associations of gait performance with cognitive deficits and white matter alterations.

Methods

We investigated single task walking and calculatory, semantic, or motoric dual task costs in 39 CADASIL patients (mean age 50 ± 8) using a computerized walkway. We obtained 3.0T MRI and neuropsychological data on processing speed, the main cognitive deficit in CADASIL. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were standardized based on data from 192 healthy controls. Associations between white matter integrity, assessed by diffusion tensor imaging, and gait were analyzed using both a global marker and voxel‐wise analysis.

Results

Compared to controls, CADASIL patients showed only mild single task gait impairment, and only in the rhythm domain. The semantic dual task additionally uncovered mild deficits in the pace domain. Processing speed was not associated with gait. White matter alterations were related to single task stride length but not to dual task performance.

Interpretation

Despite severe disease burden, gait performance in patients with pure small vessel disease was relatively preserved in single and dual tasks. Results suggest that age‐related pathologies other than small vessel disease might play a role for gait impairment in elderly SVD patients.
Transition‐Metal‐Carbide (Mo2C) Multiperiod Gratings for Realization of High‐Sensitivity and Broad‐Spectrum Photodetection
Authors: Jeon Jaeho , Choi Haeju , Choi Seunghyuk , Park Jin‐Hong , Lee Byoung Hun , Hwang Euyheon , Lee Sungjoo
Published: September 2019

A novel hybrid phototransistor consisting of molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is proposed. By exploiting the interface properties of MoS2 and Mo2C, a highly sensitive and broad‐spectral response photodetector is fabricated. The underlying mechanism of the enhanced performance is the efficient hot carrier injection from Mo2C to MoS2. The strong coupling of MoS2 and Mo2C at the interface provides the significantly low Schottky barrier height (≈70 meV), which gives rise to the significantly efficient hot carrier transfer from Mo2C to MoS2. The grating of metallic Mo2C produces plasmonic resonance, which provides hot carriers to the MoS2 channel. By adjusting the grating period of Mo2C (400–1000 nm), the optimal photoresponse of light can be controlled, from visible to NIR. By integrating various Mo2C multigrating periods (400–1000 nm) with MoS2, a novel photodetector is demonstrated with high responsivity (R > 103 A W−1) and light‐to‐dark current ratio (>102) over a broad spectral range (405–1310 nm). The proposed novel hybrid photodetector, 2D semiconductors with multigrating 2D metallic stripes, exhibits high sensitivity and broad spectral detection of light and can overcome the inherent weakness of conventional 2D photodetectors, paving the way forward for next‐generation photoelectric devices.
Insights into Fullerene Passivation of SnO2 Electron Transport Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Junke , Datta Kunal , Weijtens Christ H. L. , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J.
Published: September 2019

Interfaces between the photoactive and charge transport layers are crucial for the performance of perovskite solar cells. Surface passivation of SnO2 as electron transport layer (ETL) by fullerene derivatives is known to improve the performance of n–i–p devices, yet organic passivation layers are susceptible to removal during perovskite deposition. Understanding the nature of the passivation is important for further optimization of SnO2 ETLs. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling is a convenient tool to monitor the fullerene concentration in passivation layers at a SnO2 interface. Through a comparative study using [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid (PCBA) passivation layers, a direct correlation is established between the formation of interfacial chemical bonds and the retention of passivating fullerene molecules at the SnO2 interface that effectively reduces the number of defects and enhances electron mobility. Devices with only a PCBA‐monolayer‐passivated SnO2 ETL exhibit significantly improved performance and reproducibility, achieving an efficiency of 18.8%. Investigating thick and solvent‐resistant C60 and PCBM‐dimer layers demonstrates that the charge transport in the ETL is only improved by chemisorption of the fullerene at the SnO2 surface.
8.78% Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Polymer Acceptors Based on a B←N Embedded Electron‐Deficient Unit
Authors: Li Yongchun , Meng Huifeng , Liu Tao , Xiao Yiqun , Tang Zhonghai , Pang Bo , Li Yuqing , Xiang Ying , Zhang Guangye , Lu Xinhui , Yu Gui , Yan He , Zhan Chuanlang , Huang Jianhua , Yao Jiannian
Published: September 2019

In the field of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs), all efficient polymer acceptors that exhibit efficiencies beyond 8% are based on either imide or dicyanoethylene. To boost the development of this promising solar cell type, creating novel electron‐deficient units to build high‐performance polymer acceptors is critical. A novel electron‐deficient unit containing B←N bonds, namely, BNIDT, is synthesized. Systematic investigation of BNIDT reveals desirable properties including good coplanarity, favorable single‐crystal structure, narrowed bandgap and downshifted energy levels, and extended absorption profiles. By copolymerizing BNIDT with thiophene and 3,4‐difluorothiophene, two novel conjugated polymers named BN‐T and BN‐2fT are developed, respectively. It is shown that these polymers possess wide absorption spectra covering 350–800 nm, low‐lying energy levels, and ambipolar film‐transistor characteristics. Using PBDB‐T as the donor and BN‐2fT as the acceptor, all‐PSCs afford an encouraging efficiency of 8.78%, which is the highest for all‐PSCs excluding the devices based on imide and dicyanoethylene‐type acceptors. Considering that the structure of BNIDT is totally different from these classical units, this work opens up a new class of electron‐deficient unit for constructing efficient polymer acceptors that can realize efficiencies beyond 8% for the first time.
Boosting Zn‐Ion Energy Storage Capability of Hierarchically Porous Carbon by Promoting Chemical Adsorption
Authors: Zhang Haozhe , Liu Qiyu , Fang Yuanbin , Teng Chunlin , Liu Xiaoqing , Fang Pingping , Tong Yexiang , Lu Xihong
Published: September 2019

The construction of advanced Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) with high energy density is promising but still challenging, especially at high current densities. In this work, a high‐energy and ultrastable aqueous ZHSC is demonstrated by introducing N dopants into a hierarchically porous carbon cathode for the purpose of enhancing its chemical adsorption of Zn ions. Experimental results and theoretical simulations reveal that N doping not only significantly facilitates the chemical adsorption process of Zn ions, but also greatly increases its conductivity, surface wettability, and active sites. Consequently, the as‐fabricated aqueous ZHSC based on this N‐doped porous carbon cathode displays an exceptionally high energy density of 107.3 Wh kg−1 at a high current density of 4.2 A g−1, a superb power density of 24.9 kW kg−1, and an ultralong‐term lifespan (99.7% retention after 20 000 cycles), substantially superior to state‐of‐the‐art ZHSCs. Particularly, such a cathode also leads to a quasi‐solid‐state device with satisfactory energy storage performance, delivering a remarkable energy density of 91.8 Wh kg−1. The boosted energy storage strategy by tuning the chemical adsorption capability is also applicable to other carbon materials.