bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the airport pavement management system (APMS)
Authors: Qabaja Mohammad , Labeedi Ahmed
Published: August 2020

The research aims to discuss and investigate the process of airport pavement management system (APMS). The methodology of the research is based on previous studies that describe the major elements of the APMS to gain more solutions from the previous different case studies. The investigate includes various subjects such as components and cost approach of the APMS. The methodology used in the research is a descriptive method based on previous studies and from different books by using pavement management system (PMS). The study describes the typical distress types of the asphalt-surfaced pavements and the Portland cement concrete pavements of airports. Additionally, the research clarifies the test methods of the airport pavement, such as the ASTM D5340 and ASTM D6433. Research investigates that the software used in the APMS like PAVER and Road-SIT, Airport PMS that are used by the airport agencies to collect information about the situation of the runway pavement. The APMS still needs more research and new studies due to a lack of information and studies in different airports around the world. The airports shall use the service life estimation (SLT) for the pavement in the runways and parking. In recent studies, the method is not used, whereas including a quantitative methodology which demonstrates results to facilitate the clarity of the results to illustrate the advantage of the SLT.
3D printed construction and implementation in Cyprus: Discussion and overview
Authors: Elasad Mohamed , Amirov Dinmukhamed
Published: August 2020

The article describes the construction technology using three-dimensional printing. The use of 3D printing allows the engineers to implement architectural projects of any complexity, to reduce the amount of industrial waste, the deficit of housing, and material, energy and labour costs for construction. The article discusses the leading technologies that are used to print buildings and structures, their distinguishing features, methods of their application with examples of finished work. The issue of materials used for the manufacture of building mixtures and the present situation of 3D printing on the global market was identified in this investigation. All the positive and negative aspects of the 3D printing construction are listed. The construction companies, equipment manufacturers and research centres, which are the main participants in the market, are reviewed. The primary purposes of the study are the determination of the possibility of implementation of additive technologies in Cyprus and the promotion of innovative construction methods.
An overview and a WBS template for construction planning of mid-rise buildings
Authors: Ngenge Jean Pierre Lukongo , Nouban Fatemeh
Published: August 2020

The construction of small houses was started many years before Christ, and the development of this field has led many architects and engineers to a higher level of buildings. Mainly the buildings in terms of height are classified into three types: low-, medium- and high-rise buildings. In this particular study, medium or med-rise buildings are investigated. Reaching the fully finished building stage is not easy, and it requires many steps. Taking into account the step-by-step tasks for proper performance completion, economical point of view, performance period estimation and other considerations, it is essential to organise (plan) the work before it starts accurately; that is why a work breakdown structure (WBS) template is vital in the planning, design and construction of buildings. In this paper, an overview and a WBS template for construction planning of the med-rise buildings are submitted. It was seen that for the successful construction of a mid-rise building, 14 steps are required prior completion, and among all steps, construction step takes more time for completion.
Study of the elastic stiffness factor of steel structures with different lateral load resisting systems
Authors: Sarhan Osamah , Raslan Mahdy
Published: August 2020

Steel structures, like other types of structures, are exposed to different types of loads, including lateral loads such as earthquake and wind. To resist such loading, lateral stiffness has a significant role. In this paper, the elastic stiffness factor (K) for different models of steel structure with various bracing systems and different parameters are compared. The comparison has been performed by analysing and studying the formation of plastic hinges applying the pushover analysis. The results illustrate that the increase in the number of stories reduces the K value, while the increase of span length increases it. Besides, the usage of the bracing system significantly increases the K value.
Study of the plastic-hinge analysis of 3D steel frames applying nonlinear static analysis
Authors: Kannas Haitham , Wafi Abdallah M. S.
Published: August 2020

This paper provides a distinct study on the performance of different residential buildings with different height and length spans under the influence of applied loads according to the Turkish standard TS498. The research paper presents the nonlinear performance of the buildings and provides a clear picture of the plastic and its stages throughout the construction. The study explains the effect of the various stages of plastic and how it affects the rigidity of the building. The results portray the building's stiffness values and how they change. The results show that stiffness increases with length-increase and decreases by decreasing the height of buildings. All stiffness values were calculated according to the first plastic hinge formation. Software used is ETABS 2018 and all calculations and parameters used according to FEMA356-2000, ASCE 7-16, ACI-318, EURO code 8, and Turkish standard.
Robust observational constraint of uncertain aerosol processes and emissions in a climate model and the effect on aerosol radiative forcing
Authors: Johnson Jill S. , Regayre Leighton A. , Yoshioka Masaru , Pringle Kirsty J. , Turnock Steven T. , Browse Jo , Sexton David M. H. , Rostron John W. , Schutgens Nick A. J. , Partridge Daniel G. , Liu Dantong , Allan James D. , Coe Hugh , Ding Aijun , Cohen David D. , Atanacio Armand , Vakkari Ville , Asmi Eija , Carslaw Ken S.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The effect of observational constraint on the ranges of
uncertain physical and chemical process parameters was explored in a global
aerosol–climate model. The study uses 1 million variants of the Hadley Centre General Environment Model version 3
(HadGEM3) that sample 26 sources of uncertainty, together with over 9000
monthly aggregated grid-box measurements of aerosol optical depth, PM2.5,
particle number concentrations, sulfate and organic mass concentrations.
Despite many compensating effects in the model, the procedure constrains the
probability distributions of parameters related to secondary organic
aerosol, anthropogenic SO2 emissions, residential emissions, sea spray
emissions, dry deposition rates of SO2 and aerosols, new particle
formation, cloud droplet pH and the diameter of primary combustion
particles. Observational constraint rules out nearly 98 % of the model
variants. On constraint, the ±1σ (standard deviation) range
of global annual mean direct radiative forcing (RFari) is reduced by
33 % to −0.14 to −0.26 W m−2, and the 95 % credible interval (CI)
is reduced by 34 % to −0.1 to −0.32 W m−2. For the global annual
mean aerosol–cloud radiative forcing, RFaci, the ±1σ
range is reduced by 7 % to −1.66 to −2.48 W m−2, and the 95 % CI by
6 % to −1.28 to −2.88 W m−2. The tightness of the constraint is
limited by parameter cancellation effects (model equifinality) as well as
the large and poorly defined “representativeness error” associated with
comparing point measurements with a global model. The constraint could also
be narrowed if model structural errors that prevent simultaneous agreement
with different measurement types in multiple locations and seasons could be
improved. For example, constraints using either sulfate or PM2.5
measurements individually result in RFari±1σ ranges
that only just overlap, which shows that emergent constraints based on one
measurement type may be overconfident.
Historical CO2 emissions from land use and land cover change and their uncertainty
Authors: Gasser Thomas , Crepin Léa , Quilcaille Yann , Houghton Richard A. , Ciais Philippe , Obersteiner Michael
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Emissions from land use and land cover change are a key
component of the global carbon cycle. However, models are required to disentangle
these emissions from the land carbon sink, as only the sum of
both can be physically observed. Their assessment within the yearly
community-wide effort known as the “Global Carbon Budget” remains a major
difficulty, because it combines two lines of evidence that are inherently
inconsistent: bookkeeping models and dynamic global vegetation models. Here,
we propose a unifying approach that relies on a bookkeeping model, which embeds
processes and parameters calibrated on dynamic global vegetation models, and
the use of an empirical constraint. We estimate that the global CO2 emissions from
land use and land cover change were 1.36±0.42 PgC yr−1 (1σ
range) on average over the 2009–2018 period and reached a cumulative total of 206±57 PgC over the
1750–2018 period. We also estimate that land cover change induced a global loss of
additional sink capacity – that is, a foregone carbon removal, not part of
the emissions – of 0.68±0.57 PgC yr−1 and 32±23 PgC over
the same periods, respectively. Additionally, we provide a breakdown of our
results' uncertainty, including aspects such as the land use and
land cover change data sets used as input and the model's biogeochemical
parameters. We find that the biogeochemical uncertainty dominates our global and
regional estimates with the exception of tropical regions in which the
input data dominates. Our analysis further identifies key sources of
uncertainty and suggests ways to strengthen the robustness of future Global
Carbon Budget estimates.
Energetic regimes of the global economy – past, present and future
Authors: Jarvis Andrew , King Carey
Published: August 2020

Abstract. For centuries both engineers and economists have collaborated to attempt to raise economic productivity through efficiency improvements. Global primary energy use (PEU) and gross world product (GWP) data 1950–2018 reveal a the effects of aggregate energy efficiency (AEE) improvements since the 1950's have been characterised by two distinct behavioural regimes. Prior to the energy supply shocks in the 1970s the AEE of the global economy was remarkably constant such that PEU and GWP growth were fully coupled. We suggest this regime is associated with attempts to maximise growth in GWP. In contrast, in the 1970s the global economy transitioned to a lower growth regime that promoted maximising growth in AEE such that GWP growth is maximised while simultaneously attempting to minimise PEU growth, a regime that appears to persist to this day. Low carbon energy transition scenarios generally present the perceived ability to raise growth in AEE at least three fold from 2020 as a tactic to slow greenhouse gas emissions via lower PEU growth. Although the 1970s indicate rapid transitions in patterns of energy use are possible, our results suggest that any promise to reduce carbon emissions based on enhancing the rate of efficiency improvements could prove difficult to realise in practice because the growth rates of AEE, PEU and GWP do not evolve independently, but rather co-evolve in ways that reflect the underlying thermodynamic structure of the economy.
Anthropogenic climate change and glacier lake outburst flood risk: local and global drivers and responsibilities for the case of lake Palcacocha, Peru
Authors: Huggel Christian , Carey Mark , Emmer Adam , Frey Holger , Walker-Crawford Noah , Wallimann-Helmer Ivo
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Evidence of observed negative impacts on natural and
human systems from anthropogenic climate change is increasing. However,
human systems in particular are dynamic and influenced by multiple drivers
and hence identifying an anthropogenic climate signal is challenging. Here we analyze the case of lake Palcacocha in the Andes of Peru, which
offers a representative model for other glacier lakes and related risks
around the world because it features a dynamic evolution of flood risk
driven by physical and socioeconomic factors and processes. Furthermore, it
is the object of a prominent climate litigation case, wherein a local Peruvian
citizen sued a large German energy producer over risk of flooding from lake
Palcacocha. Adopting a conceptual model of cascading impacts and multiple drivers of
risk, we first study climatic and other geophysical drivers of flood risk. We find that an anthropogenic signal from flood risk to greenhouse gas
emissions is traceable. In parallel, flood risk has been strongly shaped
(and increased) by interacting socioeconomic, institutional and cultural
processes over the past few decades. The case raises important questions about the differentiation of
responsibilities relating to flood risk of both global and local agents, which
are, however, difficult to address in cases like Palcacocha, where we reveal a complex
network of interlinked global, national and local drivers. Following from
this, we outline a normative framework with a differentiated perspective on
responsibility, implying that global emitters commit to support
strengthening capacities in affected regions and localities and that local
institutions and societies engage in local risk reduction measures and
policies in collaboration with and driven by local communities.
A Study of the Use of Quipper School in History Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Sastranegara Tri , Suryo Djoko , Setiawan Johan
Published: August 2020

Covid-19 pandemic has brought challenges in the process of history learning in senior high schools. As a result of social distancing and work from home policies, online learning platform is needed in order to make learning process at home run well, one of which is by using Quipper School application. The use of Quipper School application is one of the solutions so that the process of history learning at home can be carried out well and efficient during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the use of Quipper School in history learning during the Covid-19 era. The method used in this study is analytical descriptive method through literature review. The results obtained showed that Quipper School application has a positive impact when it is used in the process of history learning at home for students who are at senior high school level. The Quipper School application offers an innovative way of learning where the teacher can manage assignments and homework more effectively so that the teacher can also recognize the strengths and weaknesses of students in capturing a given learning topic.
Importancia del fomento de la lectura para el desarrollo de la comprensión de textos
Authors: Blandón Ruiz Carlos José
Published: August 2020

El presente ensayo analítico aborda el tema: Importancia del fomento de la lectura para el desarrollo de la comprensión de textos. En él se bosquejan los siguientes ejes temáticos: lectura, proceso lector, comprensión lectora, habilidades y estrategias para su desarrollo, todos los cuales brindan una idea sólida sobre la imperiosa necesidad de inculcar el hábito lector como fuente de conocimiento y transformación del ser interior y de la realidad circundante. En ese orden, promover una cultura basada en la lectura consciente permitirá a las personas ostentar una visión holística, heurística y epistemológica en todos los campos de la sociedad. Es por tal razón que, en este estudio se detallan de manera sistemática los pasos (o pautas) que se deben tomar en cuenta para llegar a una interpretación más fehaciente de los textos, en la que el lector codifique y decodifique con pertinencia y propiedad, lo expresado por el autor del texto en su contexto.
Patentes prioritárias depositadas no Brasil e com proteção na via Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
Authors: Scartassini Verônica Barboza , Alves Thiago Monteiro , Bochi Fernanda , Gabriel Junior Rene Faustino , Moura Ana Maria Mielniczuk de
Published: August 2020

Introdução: A patente apresenta importância tanto na esfera informacional como econômica. O Tratado de Cooperação de Patentes (PCT) é uma forma de estender a proteção do depósito de patentes e é a partir dele que o estudo se consolida. Objetivos: Trata-se de uma análise patentométrica com o objetivo caracterizar os pedidos de patentes prioritárias brasileiras depositadas na via PCT, e para este fim, utilizando a abordagem quantitativa-descritiva, a partir da base Derwent Innovation Index (DII). Metodologia: Os dados foram coletados em três etapas. Primeiro, buscou-se todas as patentes depositadas no Brasil no período de 2004 a 2019, resultando em 381.598 registros, formando o corpus principal. Deste corpus, foram extraídas as patentes com registro prioritário no Brasil, resultando em 263.104 registros. Por último, foi realizada a extração das patentes com o primeiro depósito prioritário no Brasil com extensão via PCT, resultando em 12.073 registros. Resultados: Deste resultado final, identificou-se 4,5% das patentes via PCT eram prioritárias no Brasil, e que os principais depositantes por essa via, a temporalidade dos registros e a classificação das patentes. Os principais depositantes são em sua maioria empresas multinacionais, provenientes dos Estados Unidos, China, Suécia, França, Japão, Alemanha e Itália, e universidades, no caso do Brasil. As publicações apresentam oscilação no período estipulado, mantendo uma média de 794 patentes ao ano. Os depósitos concentram-se principalmente em três grandes áreas: necessidades humanas, processos, operações e transportes e eletricidade. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a extensão da proteção pela via PCT não é uma prática recorrente pelos requerentes que depositam prioritariamente em território brasileiro.
Comparative Severity Analysis of Asian Soybean Rust in Soybean Farms Sown in December and February in Mato Grosso, 2018/19 Growing Season
Authors: Reis Erlei Melo , Pasquali Rodrigo Marcelo , Belufi Luana Maria de Rossi , Guerra Wanderlei Dias , Zanatta Mateus
Published: August 2020

The objective of this work was to compare the leaflet severity of Asian soybean rust in farms sown in December and February in the state of Mato Grosso. In the survey, 28 fields were sampled in 14 counties in the North, West and South regions of the state. A total of 40 leaflets were collected per plot, in randomized treatments with four replication and three crop phenological stages. Leaflet severity was assessed according to a diagrammatic scale. The data were expressed as leaflet severity, submitted to linear regression analysis, calculated the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) considering the three phenological stages sampled, and the means compared by the Tukey’s test. Leaflet severity was significantly higher in the fields sown in December than in February, as well the number of fungicides sprayings. Our results indicate that the proposed change in seeding time from December to February can be implemented by significantly reducing risks and in compliance with the principles of IN 002/2015.
Effects of Extrusion Conditions on Physicochemical Properties of Finger Millet (Gramineae Setaria)
Authors: Liu Peng , Cheng Jianjun , Li Ming , Li Jing , Zhu Hongwei , Wang Shirang , Yu Guoping
Published: August 2020

In this study, the effects of different extrusion parameters (extrusion temperature: 100, 130, and 160 °C; moisture content: 22%, 26%, and 30%; screw speed: 180 rpm, 270 rpm, and 360 rpm) on physicochemical properties of finger millet were reviewed. High extrusion temperature produced extrudates with high radial expansion index (REI) and starch digestibility and low bulk density (BD). High moisture content and low screw speed increased BD and total starch content (TSC) while decreasing REI and water solubility index (WSI). WSI and starch digestibility first increased and then decreased with increase in extrusion temperature and moisture content, which reached a maximum at 130 °C nd 26%, respectively. However, water absorption index (WAI) was affected by the interactions among various conditions. The extrudates were darker and yellower than native millet. Based on these extrusion conditions, various millet and millet-based products can be produced.
Chemical Extractors to Assess Potassium Availability in Glauconitic Siltstone
Authors: Brasil Eliana Paula Fernandes , Leandro Wilson Mozena , Teixeira Welldy Gonçalves , Vieira Marcos Antônio , Souza José Patrício Nunes de , Vieira Henrique Victor
Published: August 2020

This paper aimed to evaluate the efficiency of chemical extractors to measure the availability of potassium (K) in glauconitic siltstone. An experiment with successive crops of beans and maize was installed under field conditions in Quirinópolis, Goiás State, Brazil, in a typical ortic Neossolo Quartzarênico. For both crops, the experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, resulting in a total of 24 experimental plots. Two sources and four doses of K2O were used, in addition to a control treatment with any K fertilization. The sources used were glauconitic siltstone and potassium chloride (KCl), and the doses applied through glauconitic siltstone corresponded to 1, 2, 4 and 8 times the dose of K2O applied via KCl as a reference. The following extractors were used: neutral ammonium citrate (NAC), citric acid 2% (CA), CA + ammonium fluoride 0.5% (NH4F), tartaric acid 5% (TA) + sodium fluoride 0.5% (NaF) (1:100), TA + NaF 0.5% (1:500), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the method for extracting potassium from silicatic materials (MAPA-8.2.4.2). Among the tested extractors, the best one regarding productivity was the MAPA-8.2.4.2. The NAC and CA extractors showed the lowest correlations and should not be used henceforth to quantify soluble K from glauconitic siltstone.
Defining a Phenotypic Variability and Productivity in Wild Type Red Clover Germplasm
Authors: Petrauskas Giedrius , Stukonis Vaclovas , Norkevičienė Eglė
Published: August 2020

Abiotic and biotic factors can cause great damage to crops. So, a key approach is to investigate whether the crops’ wild relatives are more flexible to withstand abiotic and biotic stress. As well as to evaluate their phenotypic variability and productivity in response to changing climatic conditions.

In this study, red clover germplasm was collected from natural red clover habitats and a field trial was arranged ex situ. Twelve phenotypic traits and their effects on final harvest were analysed in 2018–2019. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the most important trait for biomass yield was the height of the plant during the first season of harvest (2018). Interestingly, that the most significant trait in the second year of harvest (2019) was growth habit. Meantime, two way-joining analysis was performed to extent of phenotypic variation within and among red clover accessions, based on the most important trait for biomass yield. We found three main groups based on variation in plant height: “cultivars”, “wilds” and “mediators”. This analysis leads to identify typical populations of wild type red clover, which has not been done yet. Finally, the feed value of each red clover accession was analysed. It was found that “cultivars” have a higher level of crude proteins, while “wilds” contains higher levels of crude fibre. This indicates that there is a relationship between plant structure elements and forage value which is particularly important to select a breeding material.
Over gewetensbeslissingen en het probleem van subjectiviteit bij rechterlijke oordeelsvorming
Authors: van Malssen Tom
Published: August 2020

On decisions of conscience and the problem of judicial subjectivity

This article delineates the problem of judicial subjectivity in so-called ‘hard cases’. Decisions in such cases are essentially decisions of conscience, which in principle can escape the control mechanisms of objectivation and justification. This leads to the question as to the attributes of a good judge.
Kerkelijk dienstrecht en civiel arbeidsrecht volgens NGK/Gort
Authors: Pel Pieter
Published: August 2020

Church service law and civil labor law according to ‘NGK/Gort’

The judgment ‘NGK/Gort’ from the Supreme Court of the Netherlands (04-10-2019, ECLI:NL:HR:2019:1531) gives an important explanation about the church-state relation in general and the ecclestiacal service law-position concerning the pastor in particular. The legal starting point is not in civil law, but in church law. This is the consequence of the right of selfregulation (autonomy) of the church and the non-interference from the state, as recognized by article 2:2 Dutch Civil Code and article 9 jo. 11 ECHR. This principle stands against normal civil mandatory law, for example labor law. It will only be overruled in exceptional cases by civil law of fundamental nature. Than a judicial consideration is necessary taking into account the fundamental rights of the church and the opposant.
Different Gender, Different Arabic? The Case of Israel
Authors: Lindquist Torkel
Published: August 2020

The present article indicates that women and men write different Arabic in the Israeli press. These differences are observable in the frequency of main and secondary clauses (i.e. in sentence length and in variation), in word order, in the frequency of clauses containing adjectives, as well as those containing adverbs. We see these differences in the frequency of verbs without any visible noun, as well as in the choice of conjunction and the choice of particle of negating the past. These variations in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) are due to the gender of the reader, as is the case with adjectives, where women writers use markedly fewer adjectives than men do, except when writing for men. But the variation is otherwise dependent on the gender of the writer. This alternation is not between grammatical or ungrammatical Arabic. Indeed, both genders write correct Arabic. Instead it is (mostly) a question of choice, of style.
Outer and Inner Indo-Aryan, and northern India as an ancient linguistic area
Authors: Zoller Claus Peter
Published: August 2020

The article presents a new approach to the old controversy concerning the veracity of a distinction between Outer and Inner Languages in Indo-Aryan. A number of arguments and data are presented which substantiate the reality of this distinction. This new approach combines this issue with a new interpretation of the history of IndoIranian and with the linguistic prehistory of northern India. Data are presented to show that prehistorical northern India was dominated by Munda/Austro-Asiatic languages.
Zu den Wortspielen mit ägyptisch „ib“ „Herz“
Authors: Bojowald Stefan
Published: August 2020

The emphasis of this article is on Egyptian plays on words with “ib” “heart”. There are eight different examples in total. In most cases, the plays on words can be explained by known phonetic laws. The reason for the relatively large number of these plays on words lies in the important role played by the heart among the organs in pharaonic Egypt.
The hemp cultivators of Uttarakhand and social complexity (with a special reference to the Rathis of Garhwal)
Authors: Joshi Maheshwar P.
Published: August 2020

Uttarakhand is dotted with a network of valleys that lends itself to the development of many small distinct communities, each valley being a micro-region, both in human and geographical terms, whose inhabitants form a largely self-contained economic and cultural entity. A noteworthy example of such a micro-region is the little known Rath (Rāṭh) area, drained by the Ayar in Garhwal. The inhabitants of this area are called Rathis (Rāṭhī-s, Rathi-s), predominantly traditional bhang-(bhāṅga, hemp, Cannabis sativa) cultivating folks in Uttarakhand. In pre-Colonial Uttarakhand, the hemp producers were a prosperous community due to their near monopoly in hempen business and enjoyed due social status, which accompanies prosperity. However, with the introduction of machine-made cloth by the British, which, contrasted to bhangela (bhaṅgelā, hempen cloth), was cheaper and fashionable, the hempen fabric lost market and its producers suffered economically and socially. Responding to the demand of the new socio-political ideology prevailing under the British, the hemp-producing community organised themselves accordingly. Based on the principle of ‘self-organization’, the present study purports to unfold as to how a simple society transforms into a complex one.
. J. J. Haring/O. E. Kaper/R. van Walsem (eds.). The Workman´s Progress, Studies in the Village of Deir el-Medina and other documents from Western Thebes in Honour of Rob Demarée
Authors: Bojowald Stefan
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A Volitional Account of Racist Beliefs, Contamination, and Objects
Authors: Garcia J. L. A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2020

Prof. Alberto Urquidez, in an important recent article that appears in different form in his book, Redefining Racism, offers an informed, sustained, careful, multi-pronged, and sometimes original critique of the volitional analysis of racism (VAR), which I have proposed in a series of articles over the past two dozen years. Here I expand and improve VAR’s analysis of paternalistic racists and their beliefs, clarify its ‘infection’-model’s explanation of racism’s spread and variety, and lay out what it is for something to be ‘characteristically’ racist, an understanding that I then use to offer a unified account of the way in which both certain physical objects and certain abstract objects can properly be called racist. Identifying and engaging some presuppositions behind Urquidez’s social, political, and moral criticisms of VAR, I respond to complaints from him and others, showing that VAR’s content is neither politically conservative nor dependent on religious doctrine, and point out that race theory would in fact profit from taking more seriously and internalizing the Christian morality of most African-Americans.
Humane Philosophy as Public Philosophy
Authors: McPherson David ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2020

Public philosophy is typically conceived as philosophical engagement with contemporary social and political issues in the public sphere. I argue that public philosophy should also aim to engage with existential issues that arise from the human condition. In other words, we should engage in “humane philosophy.” In the first section I fill out and show the attractions of this humane conception of philosophy by contrasting it with a rival scientistic conception. In the second section I demonstrate how the practice of humane philosophy is important for engaging with contemporary social and political issues and how it offers the best path for religious engagement with these issues. Contra John Rawls and other liberal political philosophers, I argue that public engagement with controversial issues such as abortion, assisted suicide, and genetic engineering requires engaging competing existential stances and I show how this can be done.
A World Without Contours
Authors: Hammerschlag Sarah ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2020

This article argues that literature is the necessary foil to Emmanuel Levinas’s development of the category of religion, as the site of relation between the same and the other. The essay tracks Levinas’s dependence on literature to illustrate alterity, but also shows that literature functions as religion’s rival in Levinas’s thought. Playing the terms of religion, literature, and philosophy off one another, the article argues, Levinas was also making an interception into a larger post-World War II debate over which of philosophy’s competing discourses, literature or religion, would win the ascendant seat in the post-war context.
Exploring Relationships between 0.999 … and 1
Authors: Clarkson Kelsey A. , Tobias Jennifer M.
Published: August 2020

Three high school classes use numbers lines, comparisons, arithmetic operations, and algebraic manipulations to investigate equivalence.
Extending Choral Counting
Authors: McMillan Brandon G. , Sagun Theodore
Published: August 2020

This instructional activity gives teachers access to student thinking that can be leveraged to extend and connect their ideas.
Then: Assessment—So Much More Than Tests, Testing, and Accountability
Authors: Fennell Francis (Skip)
Published: August 2020

This synopsis of selected assessment issues presents historical and current considerations and concerns regarding summative and formative assessment and their influence and impact for teachers of PK-12 mathematics.
The Beauty of Mathematics and Art
Authors: Ortiz Enrique
Published: August 2020

Example—This article describes the unusual algebraic thinking displayed by several students when they met The Chicken problem
Numbers and Reasoning
Authors: Picciotto Henri
Published: August 2020

This letter is a response to George Roy et al.’s (2020) article, “Linking Factors and Multiples to Algebraic Reasoning.” I suggest a generalization of the chicken nuggets problem discussed in the article.
Apresentação
Authors: Shiroma Eneida Oto , Marcassa Luciana Pedrosa
Published: August 2020

Apresentação
Do Estado de Bem-Estar Social ao neodesenvolvimentismo: considerações sobre o papel do Estado sob o capital
Authors: Zanardini Isaura Monica Souza , Zanardini João Batista , Deitos Roberto Antonio
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste texto, resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, é apontar considerações a respeito das mudanças pelas quais passa o liberalismo, não obstante os diferentes níveis de proposição históricos e geopolíticos que demarcam sua trajetória desde o século XVIII, como por exemplo sua constante necessidade de afirmar e reafirmar as necessidades e interesses da sociedade capitalista, quer seja por meio da manutenção de uma agenda de reformas estatais estruturais, quer seja pela remodelagem de ideologias, como por exemplo a materializada no neodesenvolvimentismo. No que tange às condições necessárias para reprodução e manutenção das relações capitalistas de produção, discutimos o Estado burguês, tanto na forma do chamado Estado de Bem-Estar Social, quanto na forma de Estado pautada no ideário neoliberal. As premissas acima nos permitem refletir sobre a validade em discutirmos a continuidade do processo de reforma que atingiu o Estado e as práticas e instituições a ele relacionadas a partir da última década do século XX no Brasil, incluindo suas formas de organização e atuação, pois de acordo com o principal idealizador da reforma estatal, Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira, uma reforma dessa envergadura necessita de trinta a quarenta anos para que sua efetividade seja completa.Palavras-chave: Liberalismo. Reforma administrativa - Brasil. Projetos de desenvolvimento econômico - História – Brasil.
Mediações entre a governança global e a responsabilização docente pela redenção educacional
Authors: Brito Neto Anibal Correia
Published: August 2020

Com a reorientação da gestão educacional pela matriz da governança em escala global, proliferaram-se clamores que responsabilizam os professores pela melhoria da qualidade educacional e dos resultados da aprendizagem, gerando ampla mobilização pela constituição de iniciativas políticas endereçadas ao magistério. Visando caracterizar tendências e desafios desse novo cenário sociopolítico e seus desdobramentos, neste artigo abordam-se as determinações, implicações e mediações desse processo. Para tanto, analisaram-se relatórios, manifestações oficiais e documentos institucionais, que demonstram que a veiculação da matriz da governança constitui um poderoso sistema de direção política e coesão social, que estabelece novos métodos de coordenação, pautados em uma feição participativa e inclusiva. Trata-se da combinação subordinada da administração das questões sociais aos mecanismos de elevação da lucratividade das corporações capitalistas, que, sob a justificativa de ampliar a capacidade institucional do Estado e estimular a responsabilidade social, tem inserido grupos privados na gestão dos serviços públicos. Devido à sua relevância, não apenas por forjar as condições técnicas, mas também pelo potencial de inculcação ideológica da classe trabalhadora, o professor, içado à condição de redentor, tem sido realçado como imprescindível para compatibilizar a educação compulsória às demandas da economia global. Conclui-se que a propagação de proposições multilaterais para reformar a gestão da educação e dos professores está associada à peremptória necessidade de salvaguardar o projeto histórico capitalista, por meio de ações que formem a força de trabalho, ampliem a lucratividade dos oligopólios e efetuem a gestão do social.Palavras-chave: Educação e estado. Políticas e gestão da educação. Professores. Governança pública.
O trabalhador docente na escola pública: Novos elementos de subsunção ao capital
Authors: Faust Juliana Matias , Melgarejo Mariano Moura , Da Silva Mariléia Maria
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo, problematizamos o papel do Estado no capitalismo contemporâneo em relação ao aprofundamento da crise mundial do capitalismo e a subsequente necessidade de soluções, via reformas impopulares, para se contrapor à queda tendencial da taxa de lucro. Para tanto, buscamos apoio nos escritos de Marx, Engels, Lenin, Gramsci e outros autores do campo marxista, e retomamos as seguintes categorias e conceitos: trabalho, trabalho produtivo e improdutivo, lei da queda tendencial da taxa de lucro, e a crise do capital. Como expressão desses elementos de subsunção ao capital, apresentamos o caso da Rede Municipal de Educação de Florianópolis, destacando processos de terceirização, subvenções sociais, e as novas formas de contratação de trabalhadores docentes.Palavras-chave: Crise do capital. Trabalhador docente. Rede Municipal de Educação de Florianópolis.
Educação Superior nas dissertações e teses brasileiras: a aprendizagem significativa como perspectiva de análise
Authors: Crispim Vera Lúcia Leal , Pereira Antonio Serafim
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo descreve o estudo que buscou compreender a opção de autores de teses e dissertações, publicadas em âmbito nacional, pela Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa (AUSUBEL, 1982, 2006) no contexto da Educação Superior. Tendo em vista responder à questão sobre qual a justificativa dos autores das teses e dissertações selecionadas da opção pela Teoria da Aprendizagem de Ausubel na Educação Superior, selecionaram-se três categorias de análise, quais sejam: justificativa dos autores analisados da opção pela teoria de Ausubel, situação da aplicação da teoria e resultados/conclusões. Na consideração dessas categorias, constatou-se que a maioria dos autores investigados optou pela Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa por centrar-se na importância do conhecimento prévio para a aprendizagem, tendo se utilizado dela como fundamento didático para potencializar a aprendizagem significativa dos alunos. Além disso, os autores concluíram que o envolvimento coletivo colaborativo dos acadêmicos participantes do processo de ensino e a utilização de procedimentos metodológicos, com destaque aos mapas conceituais, tendem a promover a aprendizagem significativa. Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem. Ausubel, David Paul. Educação Superior.
Administração estratégica: uma análise da construção de um campo científico
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Moreira Vinicius Farias , Pereira Yákara Vasconcelos ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
Published: August 2020

Esta pesquisa valoriza o pluralismo teórico da Administração Estratégica e tem como objetivo evidenciar sua construção como um campo científico de diferentes abordagens, que lutam por reconhecimento e aceitação. A fundamentação decorre da contribuição de Pierre Bourdieu sobre campo científico, a partir da qual são analisadas dez Teorias da Administração Estratégica. Entre as abordagens dominantes no campo, destacaram-se as contribuições das Teorias de Base Econômica, entre os novatos, destacam-se as Teorias de Base Comportamental, em especial a Teoria da Estratégia como Prática. Não se percebeu revolução científica no campo, mas um processo incremental de evolução do conhecimento da área.
Os mecanismos de participação social da câmara de vereadores de Cachoeira do Sul e os objetivos da governança pública
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Freitas Igor Noronha de , Pinto Nelson Guilherme Machado ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Published: August 2020

A Constituição de 1988, a chamada “Constituição Cidadã”, veio irradiando efeitos nas Constituições Estaduais e Leis Orgânicas Municipais no que toca à participação social nas decisões governamentais e caminha paralelamente ao reconhecimento de determinada coletividade à importância desse protagonismo social, na proporção da transparência e da acessibilidade dadas pelos representantes ou governantes a esses mecanismos. Na Câmara de Vereadores de Cachoeira do Sul, existem mecanismos à disposição dos munícipes que dialogam com essa participação social. O trabalho faz a análise de cada um deles, objetivando mensurá-los e verificar a presença de iniciativas de governança pública. A problemática que surge nesse contexto é, se com essas formas de participação social, os conceitos de governança são alcançados. A fundamentação teórica foi erigida com base em três pilares: Governança, sob o aspecto da transparência; Democracia Participativa, pelo exercício da cidadania; e na Gestão Pública Municipal, sob o viés do papel do menor ente de nossa federação e como a participação opera nas decisões políticas e administrativas. Os resultados mostram cada instrumento de participação dentro do espaço delimitado pelo estudo, os anos de 2017 e 2018, em função do empirismo proposto, o exercício do mandato parlamentar na 17ª legislatura. As considerações finais trazem a análise quantitativa desses mecanismos de participação e a partir disso é feita uma análise sobre o cumprimento dos objetivos propostos, bem como se apresentam as respostas ao problema apresentado neste estudo.
A Toolbox for Isophase-Curvature Guided Computation of Metrology
Holograms
Authors: Griesmann Ulf , Soons Johannes A. , Khan Gufran S.
Published: August 2020

We describe the algorithmic foundations of an open-source numerical toolbox, written in the Octave language, for the creation of computer-generated binary and multi-level holograms used in interferometric form error measurements of complex aspheric and free-form precision surfaces and wavefronts. In a typical measurement setup for this type of surface, a hologram is used to generate a test wavefront that has the design shape of the surface, which is then compared to a fabricated part using an imaging laser interferometer. The optical function of the hologram in the measurement is generally modeled with optical ray-tracing software and it can be encapsulated by a scalar optical phase function φ : R2 →R. The toolbox converts phase functions into equivalent binary holograms that generate the desired test wavefronts for an interferometric form error measurement. The algorithms in this toolbox take advantage of the relationship between the local properties of phase functions and the local geometry (curvature) of isophase lines. It forms the core of an effcient algorithm for the computation of optical holograms. Holograms are created in a format that can be processed by most laser-or e-beam lithography systems. While the toolbox is chiefy aimed at the creation of hologram layouts needed for measurements of precision surfaces and wavefronts, we show that the isophase-following algorithm is easily extended to phase functions with singularities and discontinuities. Such phase functions result in holograms with zone bifurcation and they can be used to generate helical wavefronts. Light beams with helical wavefronts have applications beyond surface and wavefront metrology. The toolbox also includes a family of functions for the effcient estimation and evaluation of Zernike polynomials, which are widely used in optical applications.
International experience of converting social capital of local communities into development of tourism sector
Authors: Rogach Olga Vladimirovna
Published: August 2020

The subject of this research is the international practices of utilization of social capital of local communities for the purpose of development of tourism attractiveness of the territories. The object of this research is the social capital of local communities. The author explores such aspects of the topic as the development of tourism on the basis of local community, stimulation of social activism and communication between the locals, their ability to self-organization on the local level within the framework of international projects. Special attention is given to the risks and negative consequences for the local communities caused by tourism. The conclusions is made that the role of the representatives of local communities is considered as one of the key elements within the international practice of tourism development. This relates to the formation of tolerant and friendly tourism space for maintaining a “geographical myth”, which cannot be created without involvement of the local residents. Such process must be manageable for the authorities that ensure protection of local population from the sociocultural threats caused by tourists. International experience can be adapted in the Russian realities to some extent, however this process requires outworking of the corresponding mechanism of three-way interaction of the local government, business and local residents. The scientific novelty lies int the attempts of critical revaluation of the role of social capital of local communities at the time of transformation of tourism industry due to unfavorable epidemic situation.
Living conditions of young people as a reflection of their needs
Authors: Karavaeva Yuliya Viktorovna , Litvinova Svetlana Viktorovna
Published: August 2020

This article examines the living conditions as a multiplicity of factors affecting the formation and satisfaction of needs of a person, as well as the reflection of such needs “objectified” under the circumstances. The results of studying the structure of needs of the student youth of Lipetsk are demonstrated. The survey was conducted in December 2019 – February 2020, involving 451 respondents, aged from 16 to 35, studying in the city of Lipetsk by the programs of secondary general education, vocational secondary education, and higher education. The survey was aimed at finding out the level of satisfaction of young people with their psychological, economic, ethnic, work, biological and social conditions, including the sense of security from viral and bacterial infections. The correlation between the level of satisfaction of youth with living conditions and gender characteristics was established. Men expressed a more negative attitude on the status of social and ethnic conditions, while women gave them a positive assessment. The author also traced the link between content with the living conditions and academic performance. Work, economic and social conditions received negative assessment from the students showing lower academic performance; while the students with better academic performance give poor assessment some biological conditions. It is determined that the increase in the level of satisfaction of young people with the living conditions is related to personal self-fulfillment, frequency of achieving and meeting the needs, assessment of the sufficiency of financial, material, technical, human, and information resources for meeting the needs, as well as subjective assessment of family income of the respondents.