bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le prix Goncourt 1932 : Roland Dorgelès dans la bataille littéraire
Authors: Pottier Jean-Michel
Published: June 2022

Le choix du prix Goncourt 1932 qui vit la victoire de Guy Mazeline au détriment de Louis-Ferdinand Céline provoqua une onde de choc dans le monde littéraire et journalistique. Accusés de compromissions, Roland Dorgelès et Rosny aîné, alors Président de l’Académie, intentèrent un procès contre leurs détracteurs. Perdue d’avance, l’action en justice eut au moins le mérite de permettre aux deux écrivains de préciser leurs positions respectives dans le champ littéraire de l’époque et de nouer amitié.
Roland Dorgelès, un écrivain sans racines ?
Authors: Blondeau Philippe
Published: June 2022

Roland Dorgelès s’est forgé une patrie essentiellement imaginaire et littéraire, peut-être destinée à pallier l’absence de racines authentiques. Toute sa vie et sa carrière apparaissent en effet comme une succession de déracinements, depuis la distance avec les origines familiales jusqu’à l’éloignement géographique des voyages en passant par la rupture radicale de la guerre. Ce sont là autant de départs qui préparent le seul retour qui vaille : le retour vers soi-même et vers les autres qui s’accomplit dans et par l’écriture.
Periodic waves for the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrodinger equation: Existence and orbital stability
Authors: Alves Giovana , Natali Fábio
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we prove existence and orbital stability results of periodic standing waves for the cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We use the implicit function theorem to construct a smooth curve of explicit periodic waves with dnoidal profile and such construction can be used to prove that the associated period map is strictly increasing in terms of the energy levels. The monotonicity is also useful to obtain the behaviour of the non-positive spectrum for the associated linearized operator around the wave. Concerning the stability, we prove that the dnoidal waves are orbitally stable in the energy space restricted to the even functions.
Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors among HIV-infected patients aged 50 years and older in Cameroon
Authors: Pambou Henri Olivier Tatsilong , Gagneux-Brunon Amandine , Fossi Bertrand Tatsinkou , Roche Frederic , Guyot Jessica , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth , Dupre Caroline , Bongue Bienvenu , Nkenfou Celine Nguefeu
Published: June 2022

Background

Increasing the longevity of people living with HIV (PLHIV) around the world has been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and morbidity. The impact of these trends on the epidemiology of CVD among PLHIV is less clear. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for CVD, and to estimate these risks at 10 years in PLHIV aged 50 and above.

Methods

This was a descriptive and analytical study carried out at Mvog Ada District Hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon from January 2020 to January 2021. Descriptive bivariate analyses were used to present the data. The data are presented as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, and in terms of means and standard deviations for continuous variables where appropriate. The 10-year CVD risk score was calculated using two tools: the validated Framingham risk score (FRS) (low < 10%, moderate 10–20% and high ≥ 20%) and SCORE score (SSC) (low < 3%, moderate 3–4% and high ≥ 5%). Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to examine the respective relationships between the binary dependent variable high CVD risk (FRS ≥ 20%) and the population group, alcohol consumption (more than 10 glasses of beer per week, or more than 35.7 cl/day) and hypertriglyceridemia (independent variables). A p-value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 112 people aged 50 and above were enrolled in the study out of 180 people registered at the HIV care unit, that is a participation rate of 62.22%. The average age of the participants was 57.3 ± 6.4 years, and the female/male ratio was 1.6. The majority of participants (53.57%) had normal glycaemia levels (<1.10 g/L), 4.46% were diabetic and 46.40% had high blood pressure. The adherence rate for ARV treatment was 98.20%; most participants (77.20%) were alcohol consumers, and 28.10% of participants had hypertriglyceridemia. The estimates of overall cardiovascular risk in 10 years presented 50.90% of participants with low risk, 33% with moderate risk and 16.10% with high risk.

Conclusions

Our study indicated an overall risk of cardiovascular events in 10 years is 16.10%, with the main conditional risk factor being hypertriglyceridemia and alcohol consumption, which appeared to triple the risk of CVD among PLHIV.
L’analyse stratigraphique-structurale et les reconstructions tridimensionnelles dans les études des architectures en Vallée d’Aoste (Italie)
Authors: Cortelazzo Mauro
Published: June 2022

L’approche méthodologique appliquée à un contexte architectural ou archéologique, dont la valeur stratigraphique montre une réalité évolutive complexe, doit nécessairement disposer de plusieurs méthodes de recherche liées à une seule logique de procédé. Dans cette approche, il faut savoir choisir les outils appropriés, à adapter aux différentes exigences qui se présentent tout au long de la progression de la recherche, de plus en plus analytique. Dans cette optique, le travail effectué sur le territoire valdôtain a concerné des architectures très différentes, couvrant un arc temporel qui va de l’époque romaine à la fin du Moyen Âge. Les exemples concernent des reconstructions basées sur des recherches archéologiques relatives à l’urbanisme de la ville romaine ; leur but est de faire connaître à un vaste public les nouvelles découvertes et les interprétations mises à jour, en lui faisant comprendre quelles transformations le tissu urbain a subi au cours de deux millénaires.
Adaptabilité des outils et acquisition de données numériques sur le bâti : réflexion sur les évolutions en cours
Authors: Bizri Mélinda
Published: June 2022

Deux cas d’études proches - deux tours médiévales (Dunières en Haute-Loire et Gien dans le Loiret) - sont prétexte à décrire brièvement les procédés techniques désormais de mise pour étudier le bâti, peu importe les contextes d’intervention. Après avoir montré que l’usage du numérique dans les études archéologiques sur le bâti est souvent sous-exploité, une courte discussion sur les nouvelles possibilités d’exploitation des données numériques sera engagée.
Intervenir sur du bâti urbain domestique : les maisons d'Orléans (France, Centre-Val de Loire)
Authors: Alix Clément
Published: June 2022

La ville d’Orléans possède des maisons médiévales et modernes qui ont fait l’objet d’études d’archéologie du bâti dès le début des années 2000, d’abord ponctuellement dans un cadre universitaire, puis à une échelle plus importante principalement au travers du suivi d’une campagne de ravalement obligatoire des façades, initiée et financée par la collectivité locale (ville d’Orléans), en accord avec le Service Régional de l’Archéologie (SRA) et l’Unité Départementale de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine du Loiret (UDAP). L’expérience poursuivie depuis une quinzaine d’années permet d’établir certains constats. Pour le Pôle d’Archéologie de la ville d’Orléans, le but est d’enregistrer et de conserver les informations destinées à disparaître lors des travaux, de proposer des restitutions des édifices étudiés tout en renseignant des problématiques liées au fait urbain, aux techniques de construction, ainsi qu’aux modes d’habitation médiévales et modernes. La restitution des bâtiments peut également servir d’outil à la décision pour le service de l’urbanisme et les architectes en charge des travaux de restauration. Les études de bâti à Orléans se poursuivent dans plusieurs cadres réglementaires : celui du suivi de la campagne des ravalements, celui de l’archéologie préventive (diagnostics ou fouilles), celui de la recherche programmée (prospection thématique ou sondages), celui des études commandées par la Conservation Régionale des Monuments Historiques (CRMH). Indépendamment de la nature de la protection dont bénéficie le bâti étudié (simple insertion dans la Zone de Protection du Patrimoine Architectural Urbain et Paysager adoptée en 2007 pour la grande majorité des maisons ; protection au titre des Monuments Historiques (MH) pour quelques rares maisons), il convient de souligner la multiplicité des cadres d’intervention. Malgré certains écueils liés à ces disparités administratives et réglementaires, les avancées sont significatives et Orléans est devenu un site de référence concernant la connaissance de l’habitat urbain, des maisons en pierre et/ou en pan de bois, appréhendées de la cave aux toits, accompagné notamment par un référentiel de 100 maisons datées par dendrochronologie, ce qui constitue le corpus le plus important de France.
Vers une archéologie décloisonnée ? La paroi murale et son revêtement
Authors: Dupuis Mathias
Published: June 2022

Alors que l’étude des revêtements muraux est longtemps restée cantonnée à l’approche stylistique de la peinture figurative, le développement de l’archéologie du bâti a permis, au cours de ces dernières décennies, de proposer une analyse beaucoup plus exhaustive de la paroi murale. La connaissance des mortiers, des enduits peints et des badigeons s’est alors largement émancipée du champ de l’histoire des représentations, pour s’intégrer à une approche globale du monument médiéval. Cet article propose de revenir sur cet apport de la démarche archéologique, à travers les questions posées par la méthodologie ainsi que par l’étude de la polychromie architecturale.
La charpente de comble, un élément incontournable pour l’histoire des édifices anciens
Authors: Hunot Jean-Yves
Published: June 2022

Le bois est omniprésent dans la construction où il entre dans la constitution des planchers, des parois en pan de bois, des charpentes de comble et aussi dans le second-œuvre. C’est aux charpentes de comble et à leur étude dans le cadre de l’archéologie du bâti que nous consacrerons cette présentation. Avec le développement de la dendrochronologie qui est appliquée au bâti ancien à partir des années 1980 en France, les charpentes ont révélé leur fort potentiel pour la datation des bâtiments. Toutefois, il apparait nécessaire de procéder préalablement à leur étude pour y déceler les éventuelles modifications, les bois en remploi ainsi que les liens avec les maçonneries. Pour cela, une méthode d’étude adaptée doit être mise en place.L’acquisition de données nécessite d’être faite avec rigueur dans le cadre d’une archéologie du bâti qui détermine une chronologie relative et doit précéder l’échantillonnage destinée à la dendrochronologie. C’est à partir d’exemples que nous illustrerons les divers apports de l’étude des charpentes à l’histoire d’un bâtiment. C’est ainsi qu’il est possible d’affiner le phasage d’un chantier, ses modifications voire d’attester d’un état antérieur. Au-delà de l’analyse en lien direct avec un site, ces études produisent une histoire des techniques où transparaissent les courants de diffusion et les particularités régionales et permettent aussi d’approcher l’économie du chantier et la gestion des espaces forestiers.
Recht und Praxis. Aperçu des statuts légaux et des pratiques de l’archéologie du bâti en Suisse et dans les pays limitrophes de langue allemande
Authors: Bujard Jacques
Published: June 2022

L’archéologie du bâti/Bauforschung constitue une pratique répandue dans les activités de la conservation du patrimoine bâti en Suisse, comme au Liechtenstein, en Allemagne et en Autriche, où elle est largement reconnue comme une démarche indispensable à l'établissement et au suivi interdisciplinaires d’un projet de restauration scientifiquement étayé d’un bâtiment. Elle reste néanmoins assez peu abordée par les législations du patrimoine et peine parfois à être pleinement reconnue comme une discipline de recherche historique. C’est le cas en particulier lorsque les universités régionales ne disposent pas de chaires propres à ce domaine et donc de filières de formation susceptibles d’influencer les pratiques des services du patrimoine et de l’archéologie.
Mainz, St. Johannis : Einhundertundzehn Jahre Bauforschung in einer Kirche
Authors: Faccani Guido
Published: June 2022

Die evangelische Gemeindekirche St. Johannis im Zentrum von Mainz wird seit 2013
archäologisch erforscht. Sowohl Boden- als auch Bauforschung erbrachten
Resultate, die es erlauben von St. Johannis als dem Alten Dom, der ersten
Kathedrale von Mainz zu sprechen.Die Kirche St. Johannis steht auf profanen antiken Gebäuden, die zwischen dem
2. und 4. Jahrhundert errichtet wurden. Durch Umbau ging daraus im Lauf des
5./6. Jahrhunderts eine dreischiffige Architektur hervor, wahrscheinlich die
erste Kathedrale von Mainz. Diese Kirche wich in der zweiten Hälfte des 10. oder
im frühen 11. Jahrhundert einem Bau, welcher den Kern der heutigen Kirche
bildet. Im Jahr 1036 erfolgte die Weihe des Neuen Doms, in St. Johannis gründete
der damalige Erzbischof ein Männerstift. Die bipolare Kirche wurde im 18.
Jahrhundert gewestet, 1793 profaniert und zum Militärdepot umfunktioniert, um
schliesslich 1830 als evangelische Gemeindekirche geweiht zu werden.Die seit 2013 laufenden
archäologischen Untersuchungen in der Mainzer Johanniskirche sind nicht die
ersten. Anlässlich von zwei grossen Restaurierungskampagnen wurde Boden- und
Bauforschung betrieben. 1905 leitete der Prähistoriker Ludwig Lindenschmit d.J.
die Arbeiten, sekundiert vom Kunsthistoriker Rudolf Kautzsch. Die 1909 von
letzterem publizierten Resultate lösten eine kontroverse Forschungsdiskussion um
die Frage aus, ob St. Johannis vor 1036 die Kathedrale von Mainz war. Im Zuge
des Wiederaufbaus nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg führten die beiden Kunsthistoriker
Fritz Arens und Karl Heinz Esser (fig. 25-35) Ausgrabungen durch, welche auch
von Bauanalysen begleitet wurden. Die Resultate blieben unpubliziert und die
Fragen nach der Datierung und der Funktion der Kirche weiterhin offen. Erst die
jüngsten Arbeiten, insbesondere die Entdeckung des Grabes von Erzbischof
Erkanbald erbrachten diesbezüglich Klärung.
The Classification of the Stress-Strain Curve Zones on the Basis of their Validity to Study the Shape Memory Effect (SME) Property
Authors: Abbas Rola Abdul Al Khader , Al-Maamori Mohammed Hamza
Published: June 2022

This study attempts to emphasize a pre-step for determining the permitted deformations (strains) extents. This is for changing the original molecular architecture shape for the materials understudy (rubber band/stearic acid (RB/based SA) and Rubber band without stearic acid (RB without SA)). It is necessary as a basic controlling step in the choosing process of the appropriate programming method to show the shape memory effect (SME) property. By this property, the polymers are either described as shape memory effect (SME) or conventional polymers. If the material was proved to have the shape memory effect (SME) property, then it will be allowed to predict many thermo-mechanical properties. So for these materials, the (stress-strain) curve zones have been classified according to the ability of the deformation history memory, which can be erased and programmed again after the immediate removement of the applied tensile force. This can be achieved by calculating the residual strain ratio. The comparative results showed that the elastic and plateau zones were classified respectively as valid for the study of the (SME) property. While for the Hardening strain and fracture zones, they were classified as bad and very bad respectively for the study of this property.
Bio-Inspired Hierarchical Porous TiO2 for Photodegradation of Organic Pollutant under Solar Irradiation
Authors: Wu Ling Ling , Zhang Hao Yue , Guo Cui Ping , Song Fang
Published: June 2022

Photo-degradation of organic pollutants is of immense importance for environmental protection. The key is low-cost photocatalysts of high efficiency. Templating approach is attractive to gain hierarchical porous photocatalysts with high surface area, while is usually stuck by the limited types of desirable templates, in particular those with sophisticated microstructures. Herein, we showed a bio-inspired templating strategy that was applied to fabricate an efficient TiO2 photocatalyst with a unique hierarchical porous structure. Taking rape-pollen grains as a typical example of bio-templates, a process combining hydrothermal treatment with calcination was developed to grow TiO2 nanoparticles of 6-14 nm on the templates and subsequently to remove the organic biotemplates. As-obtained TiO2 were micro-sized spheres or ellipsoids that were surrounded by open tubular arrays. The surface area was as large as ~175 m2/g. For photodegradation, the rape-pollen-grains-architectured TiO2 has a rate (k) of 0.150 min-1, which is 10.9 times faster than the non-templated TiO2. The superior photocatalytic activity should be ascribed to the unique hierarchical porous structures, which provided interconnected channels for efficient mass transport and a large surface area for fast reaction. Our work demonstrates an effective method, namely bioinspired templating, for the scalable synthesis of efficient photocatalysts. Considering the structural diversity of pollen grains, this work may inspire others on the research of photo-response materials that rely on morphology optimization.
Self-Sensing Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Polymer for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
Authors: Alblalaihid Khalid , Alghamdi Saleh A. , Alburayt Anas , Alwahid Ahmed , Abuobaid Meshal , Alshaikh Abdullatif , Alkhibari Sabri , Alarifi Ibrahim M.
Published: June 2022

Hybrid composite material has been widely used in many engineering applications (e.g., for automobiles)and has several advantages over conventional fibre-reinforced composite materials, such as high strength-to-weight ratio and low cost. However, combining two kinds of reinforcement fibre within a common matrix may lead to different failure modes, such as delamination between the layers and fragmentation when the structure is subjected to high loads. To avoid this problem, real-time damage detection should be integrated into the hybrid composite structures for structural integrity. This paper outlines the working mechanisms and the initial fabrication of an integrated capacitive sensor into the intra-ply hybrid composite. The tensile test was conducted to perform the basic characterization of the proposed sensor and provide self-sensing functionality (smart structure). The results illustrate that damage between layers can be detected by in-situ monitoring. It is shown that the initial damage was detected at the turning point where the relative change in capacitance begins to decrease and when the axial tensile force increases. In addition, the developed smart material has shown a linear sensitivity toward crosshead displacement up to the turning point, and applying the monitoring is useful in self-sensing for hybrid composites.
Development of Composites from Iron-Rich Galvanized Sludge with Slag Based Cementitious Material and Waste Foundry Sand
Authors: Mashifana Tebogo
Published: June 2022

Galvanized sludge (GS) generated from the cable wires manufacturing industry, waste foundry sand (WFS) from steel manufacturing and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), are the wastes that pollute the environment. This study investigated the use of these three materials to develop a value-added composite that can be utilized in the building and construction industry. The GS was stabilized with alkaline activated WFS and alkaline activated GBFS. The chemical composition of the materials was studied by analyzing the elemental composition, mineralogy, and micrography. To determine the optimum mix design, the unconfined compressive strength and water absorption tests were carried out on the developed composites. The GS was predominated with ferric oxide, while the WFS was laden with mainly, silicon dioxide and aluminum oxides. The results obtained showed that alkaline activated WFS yielded the highest UCS of 3.3 MPa, as compared to 1 MPa from the GBFS binder. The microstructure of stabilized GS changed from heterogeneous particles to finer homogeneous particles. The WFS stabilized GS can be used for different applications, for semi-load bearing applications.
The Performance Change of Electric Power Fittings in Extremely Cold Environment
Authors: Liang Jian Quan , Zhang Jian , Sun Wei , Zhou Yang , Wang Yue
Published: June 2022

By studying the forging and heat treatment processes of CrMo alloy structural steel OPGW fittings under extreme cold conditions, comparing the process performance of several treatment schemes, the heat treatment and forging process schemes of forging products with extreme cold resistance OPGW fittings are determined. As part of the communication solution, this research has ensured the application of OPGW in extremely cold regions.
Lime Based Construction Materials as a Carbon Sink
Authors: Campo Francesco Pietro , Grosso Mario
Published: June 2022

Lime is used in a variety of industrial sectors (e.g. construction materials, iron and steel industry, flue gas cleaning, etc.) By the thermal decomposition of limestone (CaCO3), known as calcination, two products are obtained: CO2 and quicklime, i.e. calcium oxide (CaO). There is a growing interest in quantifying and improving the potential of CO2 absorption of lime containing products during their operational life. The carbonation occurs during the lifetime of the lime application and it consists in the absorption of atmospheric CO2 that closes the loop by forming calcium carbonate back. Thus, a portion of the CO2 emitted during calcination is reabsorbed and stored in a permanent stable form. A literature review was carried out on the Carbonation Rate (CR) of lime used in three different construction materials: air-lime mortars, mixed air-lime mortars and hemplime. Out of 205 scientific publications reviewed, only 57 provide information about CR, specifically 21 for air-lime mortars, 27 for mixed air-lime mortars and 9 for hemplime. CR is 80-92% for pure air-lime mortars, 20-23% for mixed ones and 55% for hemplime. For all the materials, the CR trend over time was also assessed, according to the Fick’s law.
Compressed Earth Blocks for Rural Housing in Seismic Zones Using Bagasse Fibers from Sugarcane
Authors: Tello Jose , Cabrera Marlo , Rodríguez Jose , Carlos Eyzaguirre Acosta Augusto
Published: June 2022

The low resistance to compression and flexural of conventional earth techniques such as adobe in the occurrence of earthquakes causes the immediate collapse or failure of structures built with this material. These deficiencies are caused by the lack of stabilization and reinforcement processes of the block, which causes low mechanical performance in the face of seismic forces. The most common structures to collapse during earthquakes in developing countries such as Peru are the self-built adobe rural houses, being the most used in these areas due to the high housing deficit and the high demand for low-cost housing. One solution to this problem is the use of reinforced CEB in rural housing. In the present investigation some properties such as absorption, compressive strength and flexural strength are studied, the results indicate that the compressive strength and flexural strength increase when compared with an unstabilized earth block, however, the increase in absorption is proportional to the amount of fiber so it was used in small proportions less than 1% in the mixture
Revealing the Geometrically Necessary Dislocation Density Evolution during Hot Compression of AA7050
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Yardley Victoria A. , Li Ning , Gu Bin , Li Yi Bo , Liu Yao Qiong , Shi Zhusheng
Published: June 2022

Dislocations play a critical role in metal forming processes, and accurate values of dislocation density are important in modelling these processes. However, direct determination of the dislocation density is challenging. In this study, electron backscatter diffraction is used to estimate the evolution of geometrically necessary dislocation density as a function of plastic strain, strain rate and temperature in hot compression of AA7050 alloy. The geometrically necessary dislocation density was found to increase at a higher strain rate and lower temperature; the higher dislocation density in these samples promoted continuous dynamic recrystallisation leading to grain refinement. At lower strain rates and higher temperatures, the dislocation densities were lower and dislocations formed into walls, channels and cells. These observations agree with accepted theories of dislocation evolution and demonstrate the capability of electron backscatter diffraction to provide representative dislocation density values as well as comprehensive information linking plastic flow with microstructural evolution.Keywords: electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), hot deformation, AA7050
Endoscopic management of pancreatic fluid collections with disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome
Authors: Wang Zhi-Jie , Song Yi-Hang , Li Shi-Yu , He Zi-Xuan , Li Zhao-Shen , Wang Shu-Ling , Bai Yu
Published: June 2022

Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS) is an important and common complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Endoscopic approach has been established as the first-line treatment for pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) with less invasion and satisfactory outcome. However, the presence of DPDS significantly complicates the management of PFC; besides, there is no standardized treatment for DPDS. The diagnosis of DPDS presents the first step of management, which can be preliminarily established by imaging methods including contrast-enhanced computed tomography, ERCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and EUS. Historically, ERCP is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of DPDS, and secretin-enhanced MRCP is recommended as an appropriate diagnostic method in existing guidelines. With the development of endoscopic techniques and accessories, the endoscopic approach, mainly including transpapillary and transmural drainage, has been developed as the preferred treatment over percutaneous drainage and surgery for the management of PFC with DPDS. Many studies concerning various endoscopic treatment strategies have been published, especially in the recent 5 years. Nonetheless, existing current literature has reported inconsistent and confusing results. In this article, the latest evidence is summarized to explore the optimal endoscopic management of PFC with DPDS.
Impact of perinatal maternal depression on child development
Authors: Roy Rita , Chakraborty Madhushree , Bhattacharya Kaberi , Roychoudhury Turna , Mukherjee Suchandra
Published: June 2022

Background:

As India reduced maternal mortality by 50% in the last decade, the mental health of mothers has slowly started catching our attention. Increased participation of women in the economic sector and awareness of women’s rights has added to this process. Perinatal depression has been associated with negative birth outcomes and poor child development. The paucity of research from eastern India poses challenges for physicians and hinders effective medical interventions.

Aim:

To investigate the effect of antenatal and postnatal depression on child development at 12 months of age.

Method:

In total, 174 mothers were administered Bengali Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS-B) for assessment of antenatal and postnatal depression. Developmental Assessment Scale in Indian Infants (DASII) was administered to assess the motor and cognitive development of their children (n = 153) at 12 months.

Result:

The prevalence of antenatal and postnatal depression was 28.7% and 16.7%, respectively. Antenatal depression predicted postnatal depression (b = 0.631). Mothers with AD scored significantly low on family support measures (P = 0.012). Children of mothers with AD had low motor and cognitive attainment at the age of 12 months (P = 0.022).

Conclusion:

Screening and treatment of mental health need to be included in the antenatal care routine to facilitate appropriate child development.
Association of negative symptom domains and other clinical characteristics of schizophrenia on long-term hospitalization
Authors: Okada Hiroki
Published: June 2022

Background:

Recent studies suggest five domains for negative schizophrenia symptoms: anhedonia, asociality, avolition, blunted affect, and alogia. Avolition has been considered a characteristic symptom in community-dwelling patients. However, few studies have explored the association of these symptoms with long-term hospitalization.

Purpose:

This study explored the relative association of each of the five domains of negative symptoms in two groups of patients with schizophrenia: long-term hospitalized and community-dwelling patients.

Methods:

Participants included 56 long-term inpatients and 111 community-dwelling patients at Nasukougen Hospital in Japan. The nearest neighbor matching within caliper was used. After matching participants by age, sex, disease duration, and years of education, each group was assigned 30 participants. Model 1 was analyzed with a logistic regression analysis with 5 subdomains as independent variables. Model 2 was analyzed after adding positive symptoms, cognitive function, functional skills, and functional outcomes to the subdomains that were significant in model 1.

Results:

The results indicated that asociality was significantly associated with long-term hospitalization. When the characteristic clinical factors of schizophrenia were added, asociality, daily living skills, and social and role functions were found to be characteristic of long-term hospitalization. Among the negative symptoms, lack of social motivation was more characteristic among the group with a poor prognosis.

Conclusions:

Of the negative symptoms associated with long-term hospitalization, asociality, lack of social motivation, rather than avolition was found to be most strongly associated with community-dwelling patients’ functional outcomes. Further studies are required to establish a causal association as it may have therapeutic implications.
Mindfulness-based online intervention for mental health during times of COVID-19
Authors: Alvarado-García Paúl Alan Arkin , Soto-Vásquez Marilú Roxana , Rosales-Cerquín Luis Enrique
Published: June 2022

Background:

As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, mental health begins to be affected. In this sense, practical and low-cost solutions are necessary to minimize the impact on the population.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the effect of a mindfulness-based online intervention for mental health during times of COVID-19.

Method:

A quasi-experimental study was carried out with pre-test and post-test measurements in a sample of 62 participants divided into an experimental group whose members were administered a 12-session mindfulness online program, and a control group on the waiting list. The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was used to assess anxiety, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) to measure depression, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) to determine stress levels.

Results:

The levels of anxiety, depression, and stress decreased after the intervention, finding significant differences between the groups and study phases (P < 0.05). In addition, moderate changes in anxiety (d = 0.849, g = 0.847) and depression (d = 0.533, g = 0.530) were found, as well as important changes in stress reduction (d = 1.254, g = 1.240).

Conclusion:

There is evidence of a potential for the use of mindfulness program to reduce stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in stressful situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Burden of depression and its predictors among prisoners in a central jail of Odisha, India
Authors: Tripathy Snehasish , Behera Deepanjali , Negi Sapna , Tripathy Ipsita , Behera Manas R.
Published: June 2022

Background

Mental illness disproportionately affects the physical, psychological, and social well-being of prisoners worldwide at a far higher rate than the general population. Depression is one of the common mental illnesses. However, in low- and middle-income countries, relatively little research has been undertaken to assess the prevalence and the factors that contribute to depression among prisoners.

Aim:

This paper aims to assess the burden and predictors of depression among male inmates in a central jail in Odisha.

Method

This cross-sectional study was conducted among male prisoners in one of the central jails of Odisha. A total of 146 samples were selected using a random sampling method and 105 completed the interview. The socio-demographic characteristics and PHQ-9 scale were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis.

Result

In the overall study sample, 25.7% of inmates were diagnosed with moderately severe depression, and 27.6% were diagnosed with severe depression. Binary logistic regression showed that higher education, being accused of a crime, and having low social support are all significant predictors of depression in prisoners.

Conclusion

The study emphasizes the significance of understanding the role of social support in prison and assisting policymakers in developing policies that make it more inmate-oriented, resulting in increased prisoner mental well-being and health.
Brucellosis Sacroiliitis Masquerading as Inflammatory Spondyloarthropathy
Authors: Gupta Alok , Shyam Ashok M. , Sancheti Parag K. , Aiyer Siddharth N.
Published: June 2022

Brucellosis is the most common zoonosis globally, and it is endemic to the Indian subcontinent. It can mimic a number of febrile illnesses and inflammatory disease conditions. An 18-year-old boy presented with low back pain and a fever of three-month duration. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a unilateral sacroiliitis, which was being treated as an inflammatory spondyloarthropathy. Because of non-resolving symptoms, a biopsy was performed, which showed a granulomatous inflammation that was consistent with tuberculosis or brucellosis infection. A history of exposure to livestock and consumption of unpasteurized milk led to a clinical suspicion of brucellosis, which was confirmed on a positive serology. He was treated with antibiotics with improvement in symptoms and complete resolution of the sacroiliitis. A high index of suspicion must be maintained for brucellosis, especially in patients with a rural residence, exposure to livestock, and febrile illness with a clinically suspected unilateral sacroiliitis.
Surgical Management of Aggressive Vertebral Hemangioma
Authors: Prabhakar Selvin V. , Gerber Christopher , Basu Anindya , Pradhan Dipendra K. , Purkayastha Sukalyan
Published: June 2022

Background:

This study includes management of aggressive vertebral hemangioma (VH). VH is the most common primary tumor affecting the vertebral column. In 0.9–1.2% of patients, VH can become symptomatic and is termed as “aggressive vertebral hemangiomas.” They usually require surgery along with adjuvant modalities. Due to its relatively low incidence, there is sparse reporting in the open literature and lack of universal consensus on treatment protocol. We would like to present our institutional experience in managing aggressive VH by surgery along with adjuvant modalities and a comprehensive review of the literature.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective review of records of VH cases managed surgically in the past 3 years at our institute was done. All the relevant records and imaging of the patients were retrieved.

Results:

Five patients were included in the study. All were male with four dorsal and one lumbar lesion. All were treated with surgery along with an adjuvant therapy. Selective arterial embolization was used in one patient, alcohol ablation in three, and vertebroplasty in one. Only one patient had gross total resection, and others had only decompression. Fixation was done in all. All showed good clinical improvement without any complications, except in one.

Conclusion:

Aggressive VH often requires surgery. Currently, a decompression surgery is preferred due to less morbidity with good clinical outcomes. Various adjuvant therapies have been described in literature to be used perioperatively; yet there is no universal consensus on a standard protocol. Each of them has its own advantages and limitations and thus needs to be carefully selected on an individual basis. Alcohol ablation is an established adjuvant modality, but has to be used with caution.
An Operative Technique for Management of Neglected Bi-facetal Cervical Dislocations
Authors: Jayesh Pawar , Mihir Bapat , Amandeep Gujral , Patel Bharat , Arpit Upadhyay
Published: June 2022

Background:

Bi-facetal cervical dislocations can be missed due to misinterpretation of clinical signs and radiographs at initial assessment. In such cases, an ensuing fibrous union makes reduction and surgical stabilization both difficult and challenging. Multiple-stage approaches are required for its management. The guidelines for the surgical treatment of neglected bi-facetal dislocation are not yet clearly defined. The aim of this retrospective case series is to discuss the operative approach for the management of neglected bi-facetal cervical dislocation and the assessment of its clinical outcomes.

Methods and Materials:

From 2014 to 2019, five patients with neglected bi-facetal cervical dislocation were surgically treated in two stages by the posterior-anterior approach and were followed up for one year. The average age was 47.4 years, with a mean delay of 9.8 weeks. A posterior approach was preferred first, where a reduction was achieved with the help of lateral mass reduction screws after soft tissue release and facetectomy. This was followed by anterior discectomy and stabilization. Neck pain was assessed by the neck disability index (NDI) and the Visual analogue score (VAS). Neurology was assessed by using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score. Sagittal alignment and fusion were also recorded.

Results:

Anatomical reduction was achieved in all patients without neurological worsening. NDI, VAS and mJOA score were significantly improved after the surgery. In all patients, complete fusion occurred at the final follow-up and no complications were encountered.

Conclusion:

It is difficult to reduce a neglected bi-facetal dislocation. Liberal facetectomy and the use of reduction lateral mass screws provides for a safe and controlled reduction. The reported two-stage technique successfully achieves an anatomical reduction and a stable circumferential fusion.
Concepts, Rationale, and Techniques of the Open Approach in the Surgical Management of Metastatic Spine Disease
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Lee Sean Junn Kit , Alathur Ramakrishnan Sridharan , Thomas Andrew Cherian , Tang Sarah Shuyun , Vellayappan Balamurugan A.
Published: June 2022

Advancements in medical therapy have led to the increased incidence of metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS) owing to the increased survivability of cancer patients. Over the years, surgical techniques have evolved from simple laminectomy to advanced radical surgery with reconstruction. Surgery with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy have been established as key paradigms for the management of metastatic spine disease (MSD). In general, surgical treatment is split into two categories, open and minimally invasive. Decompression and stabilization form the basis of the common surgical techniques for managing MSD. Pedicle screw-rod instrumentation forms the basis of fixation, whereas decompression can be achieved through techniques such as laminectomy, separation surgery, partial corpectomy, near piecemeal corpectomy, or en bloc corpectomy. However, complications such as infection, wound dehiscence, and instrument failure remain the challenges of MSTS. This gives the need for auxiliary techniques and advancements to improve the efficacy of MSTS and reduce complications. Recent advancements such as intraoperative cell salvage in MSTS have reduced the need for allogenic blood transfusion, thus reducing the risk of infection and other complications. Additionally, implant materials such as carbon-fiber-reinforced polyether–ether-ketone (PEEK) and titanium-coated PEEK with better biocompatibility, imaging, and RT compatibility have been explored for use in MSTS. Current trends in MSTS are shifting toward minimally invasive surgery (MIS); however, open surgery remains the “gold standard.” Open surgery is preferred in cases with compromised visibility, i.e., hypervascular tumor secondaries and in regions of spinal column with limited access where the MIS approach is likely to be dangerous. We recommend that all spine surgeons be familiar with the concepts and techniques of open surgery for MSD.
Systemic Therapies for the Management of Cancers with Spinal Metastases
Authors: Menon Mohan , Zaveri Gautam R.
Published: June 2022

Management of spinal metastatic disease aims to improve the quality of remaining life in patients who have potentially limited survival. The treatment strategy necessitates multimodality, multidisciplinary involvement. Systemic therapies primarily aim to control systemic spread of the primary cancer. The armamentarium of systemic therapies includes traditional chemotherapy, bone-modifying agents, hormonal therapy, targeted molecular therapy, immunotherapy, and radioisotopes. The newer systemic therapies have resulted in a significant increase in overall survival of patients with metastatic disease. Consequently, treatment strategies must aim to achieve lasting local control of the spinal metastasis. The overall treatment strategy for an individual patient is planned based on a careful consideration of the anticipated survival, medical comorbidities, and the general condition of the patient.
Radiotherapy for Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Balakrishnan Rajesh , Sebastian Patricia , Zaveri Gautam R.
Published: June 2022

Despite the rapid evolution of systemic therapies and significant advances in surgical techniques, radiation therapy by itself or as an adjuvant to surgery remains the modality of choice for local control of spinal metastasis. Radiation can be used with an ablative intent for lasting local control of spinal metastasis or with a palliative intent to ameliorate pain, prevent pathological fractures, and relieve epidural spinal cord compression. This article aims to review the various modalities of radiotherapy. The lack of precision with conventional external beam radiotherapy (cEBRT) poses a significant radiation hazard to vital structures adjacent to the spine. This necessitates lowering of the radiation dosage, which may not be adequate to treat certain resistant tumors. Currently, the use of cEBRT is recommended for radiosensitive histologies only. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) allows tumoricidal doses of radiation to be safely delivered to the tumor tissue. SBRT has been shown to provide durable local control, even for spine metastasis from tumors with radioresistant histologies. SBRT can also be offered as a reirradiation technique for tumor progression following a course of cEBRT. Currently, SBRT alone is recommended for radioresistant spinal metastasis limited to 1–2 spinal segments, with limited paraspinal spread and mild-to-moderate spinal cord compression in a stable spine. Charged particle therapy is useful for resistant histologies and further reduces the dose to normal structures within the vicinity of the tumor.
Anaesthetic management of right tibia intramedullary nailing in a patient with extradural haematoma
Authors: Narkhede Harsha , Mahanta Dipanjali
Published: June 2022

Cases of extradural haematoma (EDH) are often encountered in the emergency department in patients with multiple traumatic injuries. If the haematoma is small, non-expanding and asymptomatic, it is often managed conservatively. However, other injuries sustained during trauma may require surgical intervention, during which anaesthetic management can become challenging. Here, we present a case where closed reduction and intramedullary nailing was done for a right tibia fracture, successfully performed in a patient with traumatic EDH under combined femoral and popliteal sciatic nerve block with supplementary dexmedetomidine infusion for sedation.
Prediabetes in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Chaitanya G. B. , Vidyasagar Sudha , Nandakrishna B. , Varma D. M. Muralidhar , Holla Avinash
Published: June 2022

Background:

There is increasing evidence that cardiovascular disease risk starts rising from the stage of prediabetes. Our aim was to study the relationship of prediabetes with coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and whether the degree of glycaemia impacts the severity of CAD.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were studied. Coronary angiography (CAG) severity was calculated using Gensini scoring system. Their glycaemic status was reclassified and reanalysed after 1 month using oral glucose tolerance test. Glycaemic status was then correlated with CAD severity.

Results:

Of the 140 patients studied, at 1 month follow-up, only 94 persisted in the IFG category; Stress hyperglycaemia (SH) was evident in 32.8%. A moderate positive correlation (0.4) was observed between Gensini score and 2h PPG as compared to that with FBS (0.18) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (0.1). Multiple linear regression showed only 2h postprandial blood glucose (2h-PPBG) had a significant correlation with Gensini score (adjusted odds ratio 1.006).

Conclusions:

SH, being a major confounding factor during acute coronary events, demands revisiting patients’ glycaemic status after 1 month for correct classification. Significant correlation was found between CAD severity and IGT. This highlights the importance of assessing 2h-PPBG in predicting the risk of macrovascular complications like ACS even in prediabetic individuals.
A giant sphenoid sinus mucocoele
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: June 2022

Sphenoid sinus mucocoele is an extremely rare clinical entity. Patients of the sphenoid sinus mucocoele may present with a myriad of symptoms. The presenting symptoms are often non-specific and patients may be asymptomatic. We report the occurrence of a giant sphenoid sinus mucocoele in a 56-year-old female. The patient was treated with transnasal endoscopic widening of the sphenoid ostium and marsupialization of the mucocoele.
The evolution of gene expression profiling in breast cancer – A narrative review
Authors: Srinivasamurthy Banushree Chandrasekhar
Published: June 2022

Gene expression profile has revolutionised breast cancer treatment. It has paved the way for developing cancer-specific treatment and predicting the chances of recurrence. Genomic analysis has set the benchmark for personalised cancer therapy. The gene signature tests are mainly used in hormone-positive or luminal breast carcinoma with no or low lymph nodal metastatic carcinoma, and it helps in preventing unnecessary usage of chemotherapy in low-risk groups. The low and high gene expression profiles have made inroads into the new prognostic staging of breast cancers. There are several commercially available gene signature prognostic tests such as 21-Gene Recurrence Score (RS) assay (Oncotype DX), predictor analysis of microarray 50 risk of RS, Amsterdam 70-gene Profile (MammaPrint), Breast Cancer Index and EndoPredict. The gene signature assay can be useful in stratifying hormone-positive breast cancer patients into low and high genomic risk category. The low genomic risk patients can avoid unnecessary use of chemotherapy.