bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workers’ Self-management, Recovered Companies and the Sociology of Work
Authors: Ozarow Daniel , Croucher Richard
Published: October 2014

We analyse how far Argentina’s worker-recovered companies (WRCs) have sustained themselves and their principles of equity and workers’ self-management since becoming widespread following the country’s 2001–2 economic crisis. Specialist Spanish-language sources, survey data and documents are analysed through four key sociological themes. We find that the number of WRCs has increased in Argentina, and that they represent a viable production model. Further, they have generally maintained their central principles and even flourished. This occurred despite the global economic crisis, legal and financial pressures to adopt capitalist practices and management structures, the risk of market absorption and state attempts to coopt, demobilise and depoliticise the movement. We argue that today they function as a much-needed international beacon of an alternative vision for labour and that integration of their experience has potential to revitalise the field.
Effect of yarn, machine and knitting process parameters on the dynamics of the circular knitting needle
Authors: Duru Sena Cimilli , Candan Cevza , Mugan Ata
Published: October 2014

Stitch formation during the knitting process is dependent on the dynamic movements of needles. The movement of the needle is subjected to many different factors during loop formation, such as machine, yarn and knitting process parameters. In particular, machine speed, yarn tension and fiber type are the vital parameters of needle movement. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of these parameters on needle dynamics during one knitting cycle. High-speed camera technology was used for the first time to collect data regarding needle movement on a circular knitting machine of E 24 and 30” in diameter.

The results showed that the needle displacement in both x and y coordination did tend to increase as the yarn tension increased. For all situations, the elastane yarn was an influential parameter on the needle displacement, although the change in its input tension was not a significant parameter. It was also found that during the production with 100% ring cotton, there was a tendency for the needle to follow the cam path when the machine speed was increased from 15 to 20 rpm. Finally, the data obtained for knitting with the textured polyester yarn showed that the needle movement was highly dependent on yarn input tension.
Design and electromagnetic properties of conformal single-patch microstrip antennas integrated into three-dimensional orthogonal woven fabrics
Authors: Yao Lan , Qiu Yiping
Published: October 2014

As one of the efficient structures for soft body armor, the three-dimensional (3D) woven structure has relatively good properties. In this study, the concept of conformal microstrip antennas integrated into the 3D woven structure is proposed, which is anticipated for application in the modern wireless communication. For comparison, the microstrip antennas with the copper foil patch and copper yarn patch are both fabricated. The return losses of the antennas show that both of the antennas have adequate values with the resonant frequencies in the L band range. The main beam level and the gain of the copper yarn patch antenna are lower than those of the copper foil patch antenna, mainly due to the relatively low electrical conductivity of the patch. Under certain curvatures, the return loss and radiation pattern of the curved antenna are not significantly different from those of the planar one, indicating good conformability of this type of antenna.
The impact of super-absorbent materials on the thermo-physiological properties of textiles
Authors: Houshyar Shadi , Padhye Rajiv , Vijayan Arun , Jadhav Amit , Ranjan Sandip
Published: October 2014

The use of appropriate protective clothing systems in high-risk environments is absolutely essential. Such protective clothing may not provide the desired wearer comfort due to the complexities associated with the system. These constraints are largely due to the multiple layers involved in the protective ensemble. Firefighters’ protective clothing systems, in particular, have limited or no water vapor permeability. This prevents evaporative heat loss and leads to thermal strain and sweat accumulation. This accumulated sweat on the skin and on the internal layer close to the body causes considerable discomfort to the user due to the sensation of wetness. Extensive research has been done to improve the comfort properties of such protective clothing. This research adds yet another dimension where a new inner-layer construction has been developed with high liquid and vapor-absorption capacity that could assist in keeping the moisture and vapor away from the skin and, in addition, retain a dry microclimate close to the skin. The developed materials were tested for their biophysical properties that included tests such as thermal and water vapor resistance, air permeability and moisture management properties. Experimental results in this study indicated that super-absorbent materials, when incorporated into a woven textile material, showed enhanced wearer comfort. It was observed that these super-absorbent materials have the capability to quickly wick the moisture away from the body and, in doing so, have the tendency to keep the skin dry.
Democratic Inclusion and “Suffering Together” in The Eumenides
Authors: Yi Se-Hyoung
Published: October 2014

Drawing upon the dual status of the Eumenides as metics who were neither included in nor excluded from Athenian democratic politics, this essay attempts to bring the last scene of The Eumenides to contemporary political settings wherein we observe the duality of immigrants—that is, the tension between political citizenship and cultural foreignness—in our liberal society. The controversial bride kidnapping cases among Hmong immigrants show that the liberal regulative principles such as reciprocity and mutual respect cannot work in the context of powerful and irreconcilable cultural and moral conflicts, which go beyond the line that we can tolerate in the name of cultural diversity. Instead, this essay focuses on the Athenian citizens’ and the Eumenides’ courageous decision to suffer together, not merely to live together, in an attempt to find a new possibility of democratic coexistence.
‘You Media’: audiencing as marketing in social media
Authors: Fisher Eran
Published: October 2014

Recent scholarship has offered a modification to audience labour theory in the context of social media, suggesting that rather than merely working by watching advertisements, social media users also produce data, which is commodified by social media companies. This article offers a further analysis of audience labour in social media using Facebook’s Sponsored Stories as a case study. Sponsored Stories are ads rendered from naturally occurring users’ communication on Facebook. I argue that the value generated by users is based on two additional types of labour: the ‘self’ of users, who are mobilized as ‘celebrity’ avatars to advertise a brand, and the construction and maintenance of networks, or media channels through which ads are disseminated. Such analysis suggests that the audience is involved in three moments along the value chain of social media: consumption, production, and marketing. Put differently, valorization on social media takes place also through the work of the audience as marketers, entailing the construction and maintenance of targeted channels of communication, and the mobilization of ‘selves’ for the promotion of brands. The article suggests a comparison between the mass media and social media, along the coordinates of audience labour and advertisements as theoretical and empirical constants, respectively.
Some structuring principles for planning LIS qualifications in developing countries
Authors: Sturges Paul
Published: October 2014

Puts forward propositions for structuring principles that need to be taken into account when developing LIS training and education programmes. These are mainly intended for developing countries, but also have global applicability.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Biscotti M , Gannon WD , Abrams D , Agerstrand C , Claassen J , Brodie D , Bacchetta M
Published: October 2014

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used for patients with severe, potentially reversible, respiratory failure unresponsive to conventional management. It is relatively contraindicated in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to bleeding complications and use of anticoagulation. We report two cases of TBI patients treated with ECMO.
Efficiently combining task and motion planning using geometric constraints
Authors: Lagriffoul Fabien , Dimitrov Dimitar , Bidot Julien , Saffiotti Alessandro , Karlsson Lars
Published: October 2014

We propose a constraint-based approach to address a class of problems encountered in combined task and motion planning (CTAMP), which we call kinematically constrained problems. CTAMP is a hybrid planning process in which task planning and geometric reasoning are interleaved. During this process, symbolic action sequences generated by a task planner are geometrically evaluated. This geometric evaluation is a search problem per se, which we refer to as geometric backtrack search. In kinematically constrained problems, a significant computational effort is spent on geometric backtrack search, which impairs search at the task level. At the basis of our approach to address this problem, is the introduction of an intermediate layer between task planning and geometric reasoning. A set of constraints is automatically generated from the symbolic action sequences to evaluate, and combined with a set of constraints derived from the kinematic model of the robot. The resulting constraint network is then used to prune the search space during geometric backtrack search. We present experimental evidence that our approach significantly reduces the complexity of geometric backtrack search on various types of problem.
In vitro investigation of a tissue-engineered cell-tendon complex mimicking the transitional architecture at the ligament-bone interface
Authors: Wang Zhibing , Zhang Yuan , Zhu Jie , Dong Shiwu , Jiang Tao , Zhou Yue , Zhang Xia
Published: October 2014

Restoration of the transitional ligament-bone interface is critical for graft-bone integration. We postulated that an allogenic scaffold mimicking the fibrogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic transition gradients could physiologically promote ligament-bone incorporation. The aim of this study was to construct and characterize a composite tendon scaffold with a continuous and heterogeneous transition region mimicking a native ligament insertion site. Genetically modified heterogeneous cell populations were seeded within specific regions of decellularized rabbit Achilles tendons to fabricate a stratified scaffold containing three biofunctional regions supporting fibrogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. The observed morphology, architecture, cytocompatibility, and biomechanics of the scaffolds demonstrated their improved bio-physico-chemical properties. The formation of the transitional regions was augmented via enhanced delivery of two transcription factors, sex determining region Y-box 9 and runt-related transcription factor 2, which also triggered early up-regulated expression of cartilage- and bone-relevant markers, according to quantitative PCR and immunoblot analyses. Gradient tissue-specific matrix formation was also confirmed within the predesignated regions via histological staining and immunofluorescence assays. These results suggest that a transitional interface could be replicated on an engineered tendon through stratified tissue integration. The scaffold offers the advantages of a multitissue transition involving controlled cellular interactions and matrix heterogeneity, which can be applied for the regeneration of the ligament-bone interface.
Physician Compensation
Authors: Martin William “Marty”
Published: October 2014

Physician motivation and related incentive compensations plans are central to the design and delivery of safe, high-quality, satisfying medical care as well as advancing physician satisfaction and engagement. The underlying premise of this article is that the interests of physicians and patients as well as the community ought to be better aligned to improve clinical and population health outcomes. The Triangle of Patient Centered Compensation is presented as a model to design or redesign compensation programs that seek to achieve better alignment between physicians, patients and the community. After reading this article, practitioners will be able to adopt and adapt the model to fit with the vision, mission and strategies of their organization and academics will be able to empirically test this model and revise this model.
Effect of montmorillonite (MMT) content on the mechanical, oxygen barrier, and thermal properties of rice husk/MMT hybrid filler-filled low-density polyethylene nanocomposite blown films
Authors: Majeed Khaliq , Hassan Azman , Bakar Aznizam Abu , Jawaid Mohammad
Published: October 2014

Montmorillonite (MMT)/rice husk (RH) hybrid filler-filled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposite films, containing 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 wt% MMT (based on the total weight) were prepared by extrusion blown film. The films were characterized by morphological, mechanical, oxygen (O2) barrier, and thermal properties. The delamination of MMT layers evidenced from X-ray diffraction results suggests an increase in the interlayer distance and shows intercalated structure of the nanocomposites. Adding MMT did not adversely affect the interfacial morphology, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Addition of MMT into the LDPE/RH system improved the mechanical and O2 barrier properties. For instance, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tear strength increased by 8, 10, and 5%, respectively, with the addition of 3 wt% MMT. Further, the O2 barrier of the composite films improved more than twofold by adding 4 wt% MMT. Initial degradation temperature of LDPE/RH composites increased with the incorporation of MMT suggesting that the nanocomposites are more thermally stable than LDPE/RH composites.
Evaluation of Adverse Drug Events and Medication Discrepancies in Transitions of Care Between Hospital Discharge and Primary Care Follow-Up
Authors: Armor Becky L. , Wight Avery J. , Carter Sandra M.
Published: October 2014

Approximately two-thirds of adverse events posthospital discharge are due to medication-related problems. Medication reconciliation is a strategy to reduce medication errors and improve patient safety. Objective: To evaluate adverse drug events (ADEs), potential ADEs (pADEs), and medication discrepancies occurring between hospital discharge and primary care follow-up in an academic family medicine clinic. Adult patients recently discharged from the hospital were seen by a pharmacist for medication reconciliation between September 1, 2011, and November 30, 2012. The pharmacist identified medication discrepancies and pADEs or ADEs from a best possible medication history obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR) and hospital medication list. In 43 study participants, an average of 2.9 ADEs or pADEs was identified ( N = 124). The most common ADEs/pADEs identified were nonadherence/underuse (18%), untreated medical problems (15%), and lack of therapeutic monitoring (13%). An average of 3.9 medication discrepancies per participant was identified (N = 171), with 81% of participants experiencing at least 1 discrepancy. The absence of a complete and accurate medication list at hospital discharge is a barrier to comprehensive medication management. Strategies to improve medication management during care transitions are needed in primary care.
Alternative Agents in Type 1 Diabetes in Addition to Insulin Therapy
Authors: DeGeeter Michelle , Williamson Bobbie
Published: October 2014

Insulin is the mainstay of current treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Due to increasing insulin resistance, insulin doses are often continually increased, which may result in weight gain for patients. Medications currently approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes offer varying mechanisms of action that can help to reduce insulin resistance and prevent or deter weight gain. A MEDLINE search was conducted to review literature evaluating the use of metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, pioglitazone, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase, and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, in patients with T1DM. Varying results were found with some benefits including reductions in hemoglobin A1c, decreased insulin doses, and favorable effects on weight. Of significance, a common fear of utilizing multiple therapies for diabetes treatment is the risk of hypoglycemia, and this review displayed limited evidence of hypoglycemia with multiple agents.
Driving Under the Influence, Public Policy, and Pharmacy Practice
Authors: Sigona Nicholas , Williams Karl G.
Published: October 2014

Motor vehicle accidents due to prescription drug impairment have increased in the past decade. Typically, impairment is associated with medications causing excessive drowsiness, such as opioids or benzodiazepines, but the scope of driving under the influence (DUI)-drug charges is reaching into medications that are not typically considered impairing, such as antipsychotics, antiepileptics, and mood stabilizers. Data associating medication use with driving impairment are growing, especially with agents not typically thought of as impairing. Forty-three states currently train drug recognition experts who employ a 12-step evaluation to detect the presence of drug impairment. Seventeen states have instituted “per se” laws, which make it illegal to drive with the presence of drugs or metabolites in the body. Pharmacists should recognize an ethical, professional, and perhaps legal responsibility to inform patients of the risk of impaired driving with prescription agents. Pharmacists should reconsider how they are counseling patients on medication impairment and lower their threshold for warning a patient of potential impairment, expanding to agents typically not thought of as impairing. Pharmacists are in a position to ensure that patients fully understand the risk of impaired driving and the potential for DUI prosecution.
Assessment of Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities in a Large Metropolitan Area
Authors: Jacobs David M. , Kuper Kristi , Septimus Edward , Arafat Raouf , Garey Kevin W.
Published: October 2014

Purpose:

To describe antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) of acute and long-term acute care (LTAC) hospitals in Houston, Texas.

Methods:

Two-part survey to clinical pharmacists and pharmacy directors. All acute care and LTAC facilities from the Harris County Medical Society database were invited to participate.

Results:

In part 1 of the telephone survey, 82 facilities within Houston, Harris county, were contacted by telephone of which 51 responded (response rate: 62%). Of respondents, 55% (n = 28) reported having an active ASP and 8% (n = 4) planned implementation within 12 months. Acute care and LTAC hospitals reported ASPs in 57% and 67% of facilities, respectively. Physician champions were involved in 71% (n = 20) of active ASPs; clinical pharmacists were involved in 75% (n = 21) of programs. In part II, 22 (43%) facilities completed the online survey; postprescription review with feedback was used in facilities with an ASP and medical training program (5 of 5) while formulary restriction was in facilities without stewardship or medical training (6 of 8).

Conclusion:

This is the first major survey of ASP in a major metropolitan area. The stewardship effort in the city of Houston is encouraging; we expect the number of stewardship programs in all facilities will continue to rise as focus on antimicrobial resistance grows.
Satisfaction With Medication Therapy Management Services at a University Ambulatory Care Clinic
Authors: Kim Shiyun , Martin Michelle T. , Pierce Andrea L. , Zueger Patrick
Published: October 2014

A survey was issued to patients enrolled in the Medication Therapy Management Clinic (MTMC) at University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences (June 2011-January 2012) in order to assess satisfaction with pharmacy services provided by pharmacists. A 23-item survey was offered to 65 patients in the MTMC program before or after clinic visits. Since there is a paucity of data indicating the level of satisfaction with MTM services provided by pharmacists, this survey may contribute to the process of building a greater collaboration between the pharmacist and patient. Sixty-two of 65 patients completed the survey; satisfaction with MTMC pharmacists was demonstrated to be significantly positively correlated with overall satisfaction with the MTMC. Patient satisfaction is not significantly different according to age, gender, ethnicity, or number of disease states. Satisfaction with the pillbox service is not significantly different between younger and older patients. It was also noted that patients taking a greater number of medications had higher levels of satisfaction. Most patients indicated that they were satisfied with the MTMC pharmacists and services; further study linking patient satisfaction with MTM services to improved patient outcomes may allow our MTMC to serve as a model for other pharmacist-managed MTMCs serving similar patient populations.
Dynamics of a vehicle–track coupling system at a rail joint
Authors: Grossoni Ilaria , Iwnicki Simon , Bezin Yann , Gong Cencen
Published: October 2014

The dynamic behaviour at a rail joint is examined using a two-dimensional vehicle–track coupling model. The track system is described as a finite-length beam resting on a double-layer discrete viscous-elastic foundation. The vehicle is represented by a half car body and a single bogie. The influence of the number of layers considered, the number of elements between two sleepers, and the beam model is investigated. Parametric studies, both of the coupling model and the analytic formulae, are carried out in order to understand the influence of the main track and vehicle parameters on the P1 and P2 peak forces. Finally, the results in terms of P2 force from the proposed model are compared, not only with measured values but also with other simulated and analytical solutions. An excellent agreement between these values is found.
Fatigue assessment of old design axles: Service simulation and life extension
Authors: Mazzola Laura , Regazzi Daniele , Beretta Stefano , Bruni Stefano
Published: October 2014

This paper proposes a damage-tolerant approach for ensuring the safe operation of railway axles with an old, non-EN-compliant design, until completion of their life cycle. The approach consists in defining a suitable non-destructive testing (NDT) inspection programme, which is based on the precise evaluation of service loads using multi-body simulation and on validated crack propagation models. The application of the proposed approach is presented for two different test cases, both representing old design axles for urban railway vehicles. It is demonstrated that NDT inspection intervals are highly dependent on the specific axle design and service scenarios, particularly with regard to the effects of braking.
Lifestyle-Routine Activities and Crime Events
Authors: McNeeley Susan
Published: October 2014

This article presents a review of the theoretical and empirical status of lifestyle-routine activities theory, along with a discussion of its utility for policy and practice. The article covers multiple theoretical applications of the theory at different levels of analysis, along with an overview of the empirical status of the theory for each of these applications. Particular focus is given to the lifestyle-routine activities explanations of individual victimization and offending, and the research on crime and place. Then, policy implications and existing practices based on the theory are presented. Finally, it is suggested that scholars and practitioners begin to focus on (a) the interaction of lifestyle with other factors, such as gender or delinquent values; (b) virtual places and online routine activities; and (c) the use of convergent settings to facilitate co-offending.
Ethnic Homophily and Triad Closure
Authors: Grund Thomas U. , Densley James A.
Published: October 2014

Previous studies indicate the importance of similarities between street gang members in terms of ethnicity for mapping the patterns of co-offending relationships within gangs. Individual members are more likely to co-offend with other members who are from the same ethnicity. Past studies, however, do not appropriately account for the fact that correlation between attributes of co-offending gang members may be driven by alternative mechanisms. Most importantly, the presence of clustering in networks can dramatically affect the assessment and make us believe that homophily—the deliberate choice to co-offend with others from the same ethnic group—is important while in fact it is not. In this article, we recreate the internal structure of a London-based street gang with exponential random graph (ERG) models. Our results refine the role of ethnicity for co-offending within gangs. While homophily is still prevalent, the effect diminishes when triad closure—the tendency for two individuals to offend with each other when they also offend with a common third person—is considered. Furthermore, we extend existing ERG specifications and investigate the interaction between ethnic homophily and triad closure. Findings indicate that ethnic homophily is even stronger when it is embedded in co-offending triads.
Acceptability of an Advance Directive That Limits Food and Liquids in Advanced Dementia
Authors: Volicer Ladislav , Stets Karen
Published: October 2014

Some individuals fear living with advanced dementia and may even commit suicide if they receive dementia diagnosis. Living with advanced dementia could be prevented if a person who cannot feed himself or herself would not be fed by others. The purpose of the study was to find out how acceptable would be an advance directive that includes discontinuation of feeding at certain stage of dementia for relatives of persons who died with dementia. All participants of 2 focus groups would be willing to indicate at least 1 condition in which they would not want to be fed. Some of them would be willing to make a proxy decision to stop feeding in the absence of advance directives.
Choosing a High School Major
Authors: Brown Dikla , Cinamon Rachel Gali
Published: October 2014

Knowledge regarding the process of academic decision making in high school is limited. The current study focuses on self-efficacy in selecting a high school major, outcome expectations from this decision, and their correlation with future study plans. Participants were 680 Israeli Jewish adolescents ( M = 16.1, SD = 0.43). Findings suggest that adolescents have higher crystallization regarding their academic choices in high school compared to their future academic choices. Higher self-efficacy beliefs in selecting a high school major are associated with a higher degree of crystallization of current and future academic decisions. Furthermore, high self-efficacy beliefs strengthen academic success motivation and the belief in the probability of achieving the desired outcomes from the selected major. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Natural Wonders and Scientific Performance
Authors: Biro Susana
Published: October 2014

The observation of the total eclipse of the sun of 1923 by Mexican astronomers was a scientific expedition like many of the time. It was also the conjunction of a wonderful natural spectacle and the performance of scientific observation staged by Mexican astronomers before three audiences: other scientists, government officials, and members of society. This case study shows how demonstrations are an integral part of the practice of science and can be useful for obtaining visibility and support.
Some remarks on standard gradient models and gradient plasticity
Authors: Nguyen Quoc-Son
Published: October 2014

The standard gradient models, originally introduced in the works of Gurtin ( Physica D 1996; 92: 178) and Frémond and Nedjar ( Int J Solids Struct 1996; 33: 1083) have been studied intensively in the last few decades for various applications in plasticity, damage mechanics and multi-phase analysis. In this paper, these models are revisited and discussed in relation with some classical descriptions of solids such as plasticity and visco-plasticity. The constitutive equations of such a model and the governing equations for a solid have been initially derived by these authors from an extended virtual work principle. Without this starting point, it is shown here that these equations appear as a generalized Biot equation for the solid and can be obtained directly from the global expression of the energy and dissipation potentials. This result gives the possibility to write the governing equations for standard gradient models of any order. These models also appear as a simple generalization of classical descriptions in solid mechanics. As an example, for a time-independent process such as incremental plasticity, our attention is focused on the constitutive modeling and on the governing equations of the response. It is shown that an elastic regularization can be introduced to avoid some theoretical and numerical difficulties which are well known in the classical theory of rigid plasticity.
Stability of inhomogeneous micropolar cylindrical tube subject to combined loads
Authors: Sheydakov Denis N , Altenbach Holm
Published: October 2014

In the present paper, the stability of a nonlinear elastic cylindrical tube made of micropolar material is analyzed. It is assumed that the elastic properties of the tube vary through the wall thickness. The problem is studied for the case of axial compression of the tube under internal and external hydrostatic pressure. Applying linearization the neutral equilibrium equations have been derived, which describe the perturbed state of the tube. By solving these equations numerically the critical curves and corresponding buckling modes have been found, and the stability regions have been constructed in the planes of loading parameters (relative axial compression, relative internal or external pressure). Using these results, the influence of elastic properties, as well as the size of the tube, on the loss of stability is studied. Special attention has been paid to the analysis of how the pattern of change in elastic parameters affects the stability of a cylindrical tube made of micropolar material.
A historical reconstruction of mechanics as a mathematical physical science
Authors: Capecchi Danilo
Published: October 2014

According to the widespread opinion of historians, modern mechanics is the result of a revolutionary phenomenon that occurred during the Renaissance, during the so-called scientific revolution, because of the concourse of many factors including the discovery of fundamental mathematical and scientific Archimedean, or more generally Hellenistic, texts, the spread of a Platonic vision of reality in which mathematics played a key role and more in general the affirmation of a mechanistic natural philosophy. I have a different opinion; according to it modern mechanics was primarily born as a natural development of a mechanics carried out by more or less remote mathematicians, of whom Archimedes was an illustrious exponent only. Besides mechanics, these mathematicians developed other sciences known as mixed mathematics: optics, astronomy, music, which are at the basis of modern mathematical physics. This article intends to support this latter opinion making reference to original documents.
The finite inflation of a curved elastic tube
Authors: Kolesnikov Alexey M
Published: October 2014

The problem of the inflation of a curved tube for large elastic strains using a nonlinear membrane theory is investigated. This problem is the special case of a pure bending. The boundary-value problem reduces to a system of ordinary differential equations with periodical boundary conditions. Tubes with an elliptical cross-section are considered. To describe mechanical properties of tubes a neo-Hookean incompressible material model is used. The dependence between the pressure and the curvature of the deformed curved tube is obtained. The influence of the cross-section on this dependence is analyzed.
Value cocreation in service interactions
Authors: Neghina Carmen , Caniëls Marjolein C. J. , Bloemer Josée M. M. , van Birgelen Marcel J. H.
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this article is to further develop the conceptualization of value cocreation by discussing its dimensions and antecedents. We propose that in service interactions, value cocreation should be understood as a joint collaborative activity between service employees and customers, consisting of six dimensions, which correspond to simpler joint actions (individuating, relating, empowering, ethical, developmental, and concerted joint actions). Furthermore, we derive propositions about nine antecedents of value cocreation labeled as communicating, relating, and knowing factors. This article is among the first to propose a conceptually richer understanding of value cocreation illustrated via an analytical framework, which can drive both future research and guide managers interested in implementing the service-dominant logic (S-D logic) principles within their service providing firms.
(Virtual) ethnicity, the Internet, and well-being
Authors: Lindridge Andrew , Henderson Geraldine Rosa , Ekpo Akon E.
Published: October 2014

Recent research studies allude to the well-being benefits of the Internet to the individual. Yet while these studies possess merit in their findings, scant research has focused on the assertion of significant differences, the changing availability and thus the role of technology within the daily lives of individuals when ethnoracial differences are considered. We argue for a broader understanding of how the Internet may be used by consumers to avoid, pursue, and/or resolve one’s ethnic identity in their everyday lives and what the wider well-being implications are for the individual and society.
Rethinking religion in the context of ethnicity and well-being
Authors: Jafari Aliakbar , Dedeoğlu Ayla Özhan , Regany Fatima , Üstündağli Elif , Batat Wided
Published: October 2014

Identifying the “religion–ethnicity–well-being” nexus as an understudied topic in marketing and consumer behavior research, we propose three main trajectories for future research: Firstly, given the politics of religions, there is a need for studying societies that suffer from and are affected by religioethnic tensions and also different types of risks that threaten people’s well-being in such contexts. Secondly, future research should investigate how and why markets may generate and mediate religioethnic prejudices and antagonism that put society’s well-being at risk. Thirdly, with the upsurge of transcultural alternative religiosities/spiritualities, researchers should examine how through the processes of religious hybridization and hybrid consumption people change their existing consumption patterns and how alternative religiosities/spiritualities influence their sense of well-being, particularly in contexts where religious shifts are contested.
Children’s attachment-related narratives following US Gulf Coast hurricanes: Linkages with understanding and teacher stress
Authors: Page Timothy , Buchanan Teresa K , Verbovaya Olga
Published: October 2014

The central focus of this study was the perceptions of emotional security among 64 elementary school-aged children exposed to the hurricanes that affected the US Gulf Coast in 2005. Specifically, we examined the representational qualities of attachment, exploration, and caregiving as assessed with a narrative story-stem task in relation to parental reports of children’s exposure to the hurricanes, their knowledge of hurricanes, and their teacher’s exposure to the hurricanes. Knowledge of hurricanes was assessed with a new narrative method representing hurricane conditions wherein children were asked to tell stories about what hurricanes are and what damage they could do. Children’s narrative representations of attachment, exploration, and caregiving were unrelated to parental reports of their children’s exposure to the hurricanes but were significantly related to their knowledge of hurricanes, specifically the effects of hurricanes on people, and to teachers’ reported loss of property related to the hurricanes. The findings suggest that a core component of children’s representational models is the capacity for empathy for the experience of others.
Introduction to Aging
Authors: Hou Su-I
Published: October 2014

This new book focuses on the positive aspects of aging. It surveys a variety of aging issues in the 21st-century context. The text broadly discussed the realities of growing older, the diverse living conditions and support systems, and risks and public policy issues. The authors provide an interdisciplinary perspective and dispel common myths, providing a great new resource to introduce aging and gerontology to a younger generation, such as undergraduate and master’s-level students.
Dosimetric Evaluation of Different Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Techniques for Breast Cancer After Conservative Surgery
Authors: Zhang Fuli , Wang Yadi , Xu Weidong , Jiang Huayong , Liu Qingzhi , Gao Junmao , Yao Bo , Hou Jun , He Heliang
Published: October 2014

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) potentially leads to a more favorite dose distribution compared to 3-dimensional or conventional tangential radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer after conservative surgery or mastectomy. The aim of this study was to compare dosimetric parameters of the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) among helical tomotherapy (HT), inverse-planned IMRT (IP-IMRT), and forward-planned field in field (FP-FIF) IMRT techniques after breast-conserving surgery. Computed tomography scans from 20 patients (12 left sided and 8 right sided) previously treated with T1N0 carcinoma were selected for this dosimetric planning study. We designed HT, IP-IMRT, and FP-FIF plans for each patient. Plans were compared according to dose–volume histogram analysis in terms of PTV homogeneity and conformity indices (HI and CI) as well as OARs dose and volume parameters. Both HI and CI of the PTV showed statistically significant difference among IP-IMRT, FP-FIF, and HT with those of HT were best ( P < .05). Compared to FP-FIF, IP-IMRT showed smaller exposed volumes of ipsilateral lung, heart, contralateral lung, and breast, while HT indicated smaller exposed volumes of ipsilateral lung but larger exposed volumes of contralateral lung and breast as well as heart. In addition, HT demonstrated an increase in exposed volume of ipsilateral lung (except for fraction of lung volume receiving >30 Gy and 20 Gy), heart, contralateral lung, and breast compared with IP-IMRT. For breast cancer radiotherapy (RT) after conservative surgery, HT provides better dose homogeneity and conformity of PTV compared to IP-IMRT and FP-FIF techniques, especially for patients with supraclavicular lymph nodes involved. Meanwhile, HT decreases the OAR volumes receiving higher doses with an increase in the volumes receiving low doses, which is known to lead to an increased rate of radiation-induced secondary malignancies. Hence, composite factors including dosimetric advantage, clinical effect, and economic burden should be taken into comprehensive consideration when choosing an RT technique in clinical practice.
Using the Emanuel et al. Framework to Assess Ethical Issues Raised by a Biomedical Research Ethics Committee in South Africa
Authors: Tsoka-Gwegweni Joyce M. , Wassenaar Douglas R.
Published: October 2014

The Emanuel, Wendler, and Grady framework was designed as a universal tool for use in many settings including developing countries. However, it is not known whether the work of African health research ethics committees (RECs) is compatible with this framework. The absence of any normative or empirical weighting of the eight principles within this framework suggests that different health RECs may raise some ethical issues more frequently than others when reviewing protocols. We used the Emanuel et al. framework to assess, code, and rank the most frequent ethical issues considered by a biomedical REC during review of research protocols for the years 2008 to 2012. We extracted data from the recorded minutes of a South African biomedical REC for the years 2008 to 2012, designed the data collection sheet according to the Emanuel et al. framework, and removed all identifiers during data processing and analysis. From the 98 protocols that we assessed, the most frequent issues that emerged were the informed consent, scientific validity, fair participant selection, and ongoing respect for participants. This study represents the first known attempt to analyze REC responses/minutes using the Emanuel et al. framework, and suggests that this framework may be useful in describing and categorizing the core activities of an REC.
Genomic Data in the Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Kimball Brittany C. , Nowakowski Katherine E. , Maschke Karen J. , McCormick Jennifer B.
Published: October 2014

A proof of principle pharmacogenomic translational study was used as a case example to explore Biobank Community Advisory Board (CAB) member views about placing genomic information into the medical record and to establish how CAB input could affect research design. CAB members expressed enthusiasm for the potential benefit of the research discussed, yet voiced concerns regarding the recruitment and consent materials. They discussed the value of genomic research and its clinical utility; the risk of genetic discrimination; and personal ownership of genomic data. Members distinguished between indirect benefits to future generations and individual risk to research participants. Feedback was used to revise the recruitment and consent materials. Results highlight tensions reported between the public’s support for genomic research and concerns with genomic information in the medical record and its use in medical decision-making.
Fractures and dislocation of the base of the thumb metacarpal
Authors: Liverneaux P. A. , Ichihara S. , Hendriks S. , Facca S. , Bodin F.
Published: October 2014

Acute traumatic lesions of the base of the first metacarpal are frequent and their consequences can affect the opposition of the thumb. They usually occur after trauma in compression along the axis of the thumb in flexion. Restoring the anatomy and biomechanics of the trapeziometacarpal joint is essential when treating these injuries, hence why surgical treatment is usually indicated. We distinguish trapeziometacarpal dislocations, small-fragment and large-fragment Bennett’s fractures, articular three-fragment Rolando and comminutive fractures and extra-articular fractures of the base of the first metacarpal. All carry the risk of narrowing of the first web. Recent studies have described poor results with conservative treatment. Surgical techniques are varied: percutaneous surgery, open surgery and arthroscopic surgery. The techniques of osteosynthesis are various: locking plates, and direct or indirect screw fixation or pinning. The prognosis depends on the quality of the restoration of the mobility of the trapeziometacarpal joint.

Level of evidence: 4
The potential role of stem cells in the treatment of urinary incontinence
Authors: Tran Christine , Damaser Margot S.
Published: October 2014

Voiding dysfunction encompasses a wide range of urologic disorders including stress urinary incontinence and overactive bladder that have a detrimental impact on the quality of life of millions of men and women worldwide. In recent years, we have greatly expanded our understanding of the pathophysiology of these clinical conditions. However, current gold standard therapies often provide symptomatic relief without targeting the underlying etiology of disease development. Recently, the use of stem cells to halt disease progression and reverse underlying pathology has emerged as a promising method to restore normal voiding function. Stem cells are classically thought to aid in tissue repair via their ability for multilineage differentiation and self-renewal. They may also exert a therapeutic effect via the secretion of bioactive factors that direct other stem and progenitor cells to the area of injury, and that also possess antiapoptotic, antiscarring, neovascularization, and immunomodulatory properties. Local injections of mesenchymal, muscle-derived, and adipose-derived stem cells have all yielded successful outcomes in animal models of mechanical, nerve, or external urethral sphincter injury in stress urinary incontinence. Similarly, direct injection of mesenchymal and adipose-derived stem cells into the bladder in animal models of bladder overactivity have demonstrated efficacy. Early clinical trials using stem cells for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in both male and female patients have also achieved promising functional results with minimal adverse effects. Although many challenges remain to be addressed prior to the clinical implementation of this technology, novel stem-cell-based therapies are an exciting potential therapy for voiding dysfunction.
Health education and promotion at the site of an emergency: experience from the Chinese Wenchuan earthquake response
Authors: Tian Xiangyang , Zhao Genming , Cao Dequan , Wang Duoquan , Wang Liang
Published: October 2014

Theories and strategies of social mobilization, capacity building, mass and interpersonal communication, as well as risk communication and behavioral change were used to develop health education and promotion campaigns to decrease and prevent injuries and infectious diseases among the survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in May 2008. We evaluated the effectiveness of the campaigns and short-term interventions using mixed-methods. The earthquake survivors’ health knowledge, skills, and practice improved significantly with respect to injury protection, food and water safety, environmental and personal hygiene, and disease prevention. No infectious disease outbreaks were reported after the earthquake, and the epidemic level was lower than before the earthquake. After a short-term intervention among the students of Leigu Township Primary and Junior School, the proportion of those with personal hygiene increased from 59.7% to 98.3% ( p < 0.01). Of the sampled survivors from Wenchuan County, 92.3% reported to have improved their health knowledge and 54.9% improved their health practice ( p < 0.01). Thus, health education and promotion during public health emergencies such as earthquakes play an important role in preventing injuries and infectious diseases among survivors.
Personality Traits Predict the Onset of Disease
Authors: Weston Sara J. , Hill Patrick L. , Jackson Joshua J.
Published: October 2014

While personality traits have been linked concurrently to health status and prospectively to outcomes such as mortality, it is currently unknown whether traits predict the diagnosis of a number of specific diseases (e.g., lung disease, heart disease, and stroke) that may account for their mortality effects more generally. A sample ( N = 6,904) of participants from the Health and Retirement Study, a longitudinal study of older adults, completed personality measures and reported on current health conditions. Four years later, participants were followed up to see if they developed a new disease. Initial cross-sectional analyses replicated past findings that personality traits differ across disease groups. Longitudinal logistic regression analyses predicting new disease diagnosis suggest that traits are associated with the risk of developing disease—most notably the traits of conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Findings are discussed as a means to identify pathways between personality and health.