bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review on Various Signal Conditioning Methods in Nano-Sensor Based Applications
Authors: Divya V. , Sendil Kumar S.
Published: June 2020

An in-depth review on nanosensor technology and signal conditioning models among Nano sensors is discussed in this paper. First, the state of the art in nanosensor technology is surveyed from the device perspective, by explaining the details of the architecture and components of individual
nanosensors, as well as the existing manufacturing and integration techniques for nanosensor devices. Secondly, some of the signal conditioning methods with respect to modulation schemes is reviewed here. These discussion may leads to usage of the Nano-sensor in various application and especially
in medical application which is very much essential now-a-days. The signals can also be acquired, conditioned, processed and analyzed using Data Acquisition Card (DAC). Further, based on this information or data, medical supervisor can subscribe the required specific suggestions or treatment
to the people who are in need in this society.
Identification of Disease Symptoms Using Taste Disorders in Electroencephalogram Signal
Authors: Chandran Kalyana Sundaram , Kiruba Angeline T.
Published: June 2020

A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is the one which converts the activity of the brain signals into useful and understandable signal. Brain computer interface is also called as Neural-Control Interface (NCI), Direct Neural Interface (DCI) or Brain Interface Machine (BMI). Electroencephalogram
(EEG) based brain computer interfaces (BCI) is the technique used to measure the activity of the brain. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a brain wave monitoring and diagnosis. It is the measurement of electrical activity of the brain from the scalp. Taste sensations are important for our body
to digest food. Identification of disease symptoms is based on the inhibition of different types of taste and by testing them to find the normality and abnormality of taste. The information is used in detection of disorder such as Parkinson’s disease etc. It is a source of reimbursement
for better clinical diagnosis. Our brain continuously produces electrical signals when it operates. Those signals are measured with the equipment called Neurosky Mindwave Mobile headset. It is used to collect the real time brain signal samples. Neurosky is the equipment used in proposed work.
Here the pre-processing technique is executed with median filtering. Feature extraction and classification is done with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). It increases the performance accuracy. The SVM classification accuracy achieved by this work is 90%. The
sensitivity achieved is higher and the specificity is about 80%. We can able to predict the taste disorders using this methodology.
Internet of Things Based SOS Signal and Border Alert System for Piscator’s Hazard
Authors: Shakkeera L. , Muzammil Banu M. , Matheen Fathima G. , Sharmasth Vali Y.
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, Internet of Things (IoT) has come to limelight. IoT is a platform that uses variety of technologies and research disciplines to help and solve the real world problems faced by any individual and organizations. The objects in IoT domain are instrumented, interconnected, and
process anything intelligently anywhere, anytime, anyway and anyhow. In open space, the wireless communication is used to transmit and receive the data from sender to the receiver devices. So, IoT platform makes the product smarter and allows Machine to Machine (M2M) interaction through which
data can be transmitted through the wireless communication effectively. Our project aims to develop an IoT based SOS and border alert system for hazards encountered by the fishermen. Continually, many fishermen lose their valuable lives usually because of crossing the nation’s boundary
limit and adding to the misery the recent OCKHI cyclone has also affected the life of many fishermen. So, as to overcome these issues border alert system has been designed with lower cost. In the existing border alert system communication with the people who could come to their aid has not
been incorporated which is the motive of our project. In addition, the proposed work includes cyclone prediction, medicine recommendation system for advising the fishermen with appropriate medicines during their work interlude. The tracking and message transmission processes are also added
and tracking equipment by which the fishermen and the permissible persons can trace their exact location using Blynk App.
Experimental Analysis of Symmetrical Cascaded H Bridge Nine Level Multilevel Inverter for Microgrid Application
Authors: Josh F.T. , Jency Joseph J. , Vinoth Kumar K. , Varghese Mathew Blessen
Published: June 2020

This research study deals with the Design and implementation of a Symmetrical Cascaded H Bridge Nine level Multilevel Inverter (MLI) based structure voltage supply device primarily based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) using curved pulse dimension (SPW) modulation management
techniques simulated in Matrix Laboratory. The main theme of this article shows the voltage steadiness within the facility mistreatment structure electrical converter primarily based STATCOM. Hence, replacement symmetrical standard structures STATCOM is utilized to extent support voltage fluctuations
such as sag plus swell conditions with additionally to separate current harmonics, voltage harmonics contained by the gear method. The structure Static Synchronous Compensator is employed for the purpose of PCC. A Fuzzy logic controller is used for minimization of error signal and thus sending
the pulses to the SPWM based triggering circuit for the multilevel inverter. The hardware model of the proposed system is implemented and results are verified.
Neural Networks in Classifying Medical Imaging: Liver Cancer
Authors: Sarah S. , Godfrey Winster S.
Published: June 2020

Recent surveys show an increase in the rate of number of people dying due to late diagnosis of liver cancer. The cancerous cells need to be diagnosed in an efficient manner having high accuracy rate. Medical Image Techniques play a vital role in detection and diagnosis of cancer. In
this proposed work, we have implemented an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for detecting liver cancer at an earlier stage which is generally used in various applications for data classification and pattern recognition. Computed tomography (CT) images of the liver are taken as input and then
passed through the image pre-processing stage. Feature extraction is done on segmented tumor images and is successfully used to classify the benign and malignant images from our input images. The proposed work attempts to find various classifiers that could classify cancerous images with high
accuracy by evaluating its performance on the input images.
A Step Towards Optimisation of 2 to 4 Decoder Using Farooq-Nikesh-Zaid Gate with Coplanar Crossing in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata
Authors: Jayalakshmi R. , Senthil Kumaran M. , Amutha R.
Published: June 2020

The limitations of the existing Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor are leading the momentum to various new approaches like Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). QCA offers low power dissipation, less area and high switching speeds. The Majority Voter is the basic structure that
votes out on the majority of the inputs to implement a Boolean Function. The QCA architectures are created by using majority gates with inverters or by using universal gates like AND–OR-Inverter and NAND–NOR-Inverter gate. This paper proposes a quantum-dot cellular automata 2 to
4 decoder using Universal Farooq-Nikesh-Zaid gate, which utilizes the NAND gate logic to implement the functionality. The design offers 33% reduction in the cell count, reduction in the area with Six Clock Phases in simple co planar wire crossing. The proposed design is validated using the
QCA Designer tool.
An Image Encryption Scheme Using Chaotic Baker Map
Authors: Saravanan S. , Sivabalakrishnan M.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we propose a new image encryption method based on Chaos Baker map and Lanczos algorithm. Two levels of security are achieved to enhance the level of image security. In the first level, the Chaotic Baker map is a randomization technique used to make the pixels more shuffled.
A pseudo-random generator is used with the second-level Lanczos algorithm which is applied to generate eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The proposed method resists various attacks: plaintext attacks, maximum deviation, correlation analysis and key sensitivity. Experimental results show that this
method has better time complexity when protecting images.
Complex Dynamic Behavior of a Discrete Prey–Predator–Scavenger Model with Fractional Order
Authors: George Maria Selvam A. , Dhineshbabu R. , Gumus Ozlem Ak
Published: June 2020

This present work, we discuss the complex dynamical nature of the three species prey–predator system in presence of scavenger with fractional order. A discretization process is applied to obtain its discrete version and the impact of the scavenger on the ecosystem is discussed.
Firstly, existence and local stability of the equilibria state of the model are addressed. The presences of Flip bifurcation and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation around boundary and coexistence equilibrium states are studied by using bifurcation theory. The trajectories and phase plane diagrams
are plotted for biologically meaningful sets of parameter values. Numerical simulations for the effect of step size and fractional order parameters of the system are performed, on the first part to demonstrate the analytical results and on the second part revealing new motivating the dynamics
behaviors of the scavenger model including period-doubling cascades (flip), periods—2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 32 orbits, invariant cycles, a chaotic attractors, and the rich dynamic behaviors of the discretized model is exhibited.
Data Integrity and Recovery Management Under Peer to Peer Convoluted Fault Recognition Cloud Systems
Authors: Gokulakrishnan S. , Gnanasekar J.M.
Published: June 2020

Data is expanding beyond the speed of light and hence a lighting speed devices and networks are required for a better and more reliable system for data storage. Cloud computing is a boon for larger, remote data storage at a virtual location. Cloud computing encounters major challenges
such as security, connectivity and backup recovery. In this paper, a novel methodology is proposed and concentrated on backup and recovery management to provide a fault tolerance and recognition cloud system with a higher order of reliability and scalability. The methodology proposes an approach
of data segmentation and token generation for data split-up using tailing terminology of appending cloud storage location or addresses. Thus the faulty cloud server missing a location segment is recognized within a smaller broadcasting limit and fetches backup from secure neighboring sources.
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Carbon Nano Tube Cantilever for Nano Electro Mechanical Systems Based Applications
Authors: Katta Miranji , Sandanalakshmi R. , Narendra Kumar M. , Jaya Prakash Ch.
Published: June 2020

The cantilever is the most basic form of the MEMS and NEMS-based applications. It may include actuators and sensors in multiple domains for the detection of deflections due to change in mass and charge from atomic to sub-atomic levels. The main constraints in the real-time environment
for sensing applications are good sensitivity and selectivity along with good response time and wide dynamic range. CNTs (Carbon Nano Tubes) possess excellent electrical characteristics with good mechanical strength like elasticity, flexibility, tensile strength and good thermal conductivity.
These properties make use of CNTs in NEMS that gives rise to good sensing platforms. In this paper we propose, design and analysis of CNT based Cantilever structure using FEM to determine the change in deflection due to varying load under static analysis. Similarly from dynamic analysis change
in resonance frequency for change in thickness of Cantilever is performed. From the experimental results using COMSOL simulation, it is observed that the CNT based Cantilever deflection sensitivity is 9.85 x 10-8 m under maximum stress of 6.71 x 10-9 N/m2.
From the dynamic analysis, resonant frequency occurs at 1.8 x 107 Hz for 10 nm thickness and for 50 nm is 7.5 x 107 Hz respectively.
Building Proper Organizational Culture for IR 4.0 and Sustainability—A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Jayashree Sreenivasan , Malarvizhi C. A. , Hassan Reza Mohammad Nurul
Published: June 2020

The use of new technologies in the industrial environment is entering a new era referred to as the 4th industrial revolution. This digital revolution appeals to enterprises due to different competitive advantages it offers. Industry 4.0 helps enterprises to change the products and production
arrangement relating to the design, procedure, function and services. And the accomplishment of this concept has additional outcome for management and upcoming employment through generating new business models. Organizations can build their sustainability by implementing the principles of
IR 4.0 and thus they can move towards a more sustainable society as well as the best and ecological production process. As a result, there is a primary need for supporting companies in the adaptation to Industry 4.0 technologies, and point them for developing their competencies in an identical,
objective, and repeatable way. It’s the high time for Malaysian manufacturing companies to build transit to IR 4.0 as their current industrial range is 2.0 to 3.0. This study aims to assist the organizations through providing comprehensive guidance by exploring the dimensions of organizational
culture. The study is planned to employ a cross-sectional survey and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) will be used for data analysis.
Improving Spectral Efficiency of Small Cells with Multi-Variant Clustering and Interference Alignment
Authors: Prabakar D. , Saminadan V.
Published: June 2020

In this article we introduce a multi-variant clustering with interference alignment (MVC-IA) for improving the spectral efficiency of small cells. Clustering process accounts the density and path loss factor of the communicating users to form efficient user group. The IA follows rank
based interference identification and pre-coding for receiver power estimation. IA is restricted to the density of the users persuading clustering process to support a varying small cell density. This IA method addresses both inter and intra cluster cell interference by assigning optimal receiver
for communicating in the allocated small cell channel. The performance of MVC-IA is verified for different transmit power and cell density through a comparative analysis.
Ultra Wide Band Multiple Input Multiple Output Antenna for Internet of Things Applications
Authors: Veerendra Nath G. , Kumar Pradeep , Nageswara Rao K. , Nalin E. , Harshitha G. , Koteswara Rao K.
Published: June 2020

This paper mainly gives information about a compact 4-element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna which is useful for IOT applications. Advantages of the proposed antenna is that it can be easily extendable for a large size array. The array consists of 4 elements placed at
an angle of 90 degree to the adjacent element. The substrate used in the design is a low loss laminate of FR4 with dielectric constant of 4.4. Based on the results obtained the antenna covers a UWB band of 2.4 GHz–13.0 GHz and the isolations also exceed 20 dB. Return loss, radiation
pattern and isolation is plotted. The simulation results show that the proposed antenna can perform well for MIMO devices. The proposed antenna is much suitable for the applications of IOT and RADAR.
Design and Installation of 126 kWp Grid-Connected Plant at Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology (AVIT), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Rajasekaran P. , Prakash Oruganti Kameswara Satya
Published: June 2020

The government has been initiated JNN solar mission encouraging roof top solar plants, both solar thermal and solar electricity through PV panels especially for educational institutions to reduce demand on the grid. There is a major advantage of Academic Institutions like AVIT, which
is having a steady demand in electricity during various time periods. For example working hours will have a constant demand pattern where as low demand during the nights, weekends and holidays. AVIT also encompasses huge terrace space. The advantage of utilizing the terrace space for installation
of solar PV panels will not only solve their electricity requirements during the working days but also excess energy produced during non-working days that could be fed in to the grid. By installing solar panels in rooftops of educational institutions seems to be an good choice not only to
reduce their electricity bills but also reduce deficits in the electricity board. With these objectives in mind, we in the AVIT decided to install a 126 kWp PV based solar power plant on the terrace of our institute building with a dual objective to generate substantial part of our electricity
consumption and save on our electricity bill and also serve as a model for other educational institutes in Chennai.
A Novel Approach for Vehicle Type Classification and Speed Prediction Using Deep Learning
Authors: Madhan E. S. , Neelakandan S. , Annamalai R.
Published: June 2020

In Vehicles automation system, Classification and speed detection has become an important research challenge in road safety and intelligent transportation system. Many systems like pattern recognition, image processing and machine learning technologies have overcome numerous hindrances
to accomplish this goal. In this paper, we demonstrate a speed detection system and vehicle type classification founded on deep learning technique. Moreover, we built up Modular Neural Network (MNN) architecture, advancement algorithm and its parameters are acquired by training dataset. This
integrated part of a system will enhance to finding in automation detection and traffic flow management system.
Big Data Computing: Privacy Risks Management
Authors: Malik Vinita , Singh Sukhdip
Published: June 2020

With the evolving technologies and data exchanges amongst borders, big data privacy issues have become the heated discussion. The big data storage and analysis occurs by cloud infrastructures which pose challenges of security and privacy. This research explains the recent privacy concerns,
risks and risk mitigation strategies in heavy data computational environments. The paper has successfully produced the state of art on big data risk management, privacy open research questions, vulnerabilities and threats encountered. The paper provides a deep research on big data analytics,
tools, features, users and challenges in big data computing. This state of art constructs a useful case for building new privacy models in industrial big data computing in future.
Intelligent Personal Digital Assistants and Smart Destination Platform (SDP) for Globetrotter
Authors: Maria Michael Visuwasam L. , Paulraj D. , Gayathri G. , Divya K. , Hariprasath S. , Jayaprakashan A.
Published: June 2020

Travel and tourism is the leading application field in the era of 21st century. As it is not possible for the tourist to always prefer the guide book, guide or any other sources for the information of any location. Our work aims to address these challenges by proposing the algorithms
to recommend personalized travel itineraries for both individuals and group of tourist based on their interest preferences. The main approach of this recommendation system is to improvise the older existing applications by providing various analytical results. In-order to make best plans and
knowing multiple details about the unknown places is quite a difficult issue. So our recommendation system helps to solve such problems. It uses Geomatic mapping for location which is stored in cloud, also can be viewed in offline. Experimental evaluation in Flickr dataset of multiple cites
forming links between images sharing common metadata from tourist. Weather is predicted using Hadoop, also the way of travelling to communicate across different places is identified by the recommendation system. One other facility in this recommendation system consists of a translator, translates
words or sentences into native language. These patterns score found in historical data can be used for predicting the future.
Smart Health Monitoring System
Authors: Ezhilarasi P. , Rajeshkannan S. , Gokulaprasath P.
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes a Smart Health Monitoring System (SHMS) which monitors and takes care of
patient's health. Nowadays in hospital, taking care of patient is a big task because of growing population
and also regular check-ups are not at all possible. The percentage of death rate by only heart
attack is 24.8%, which is not higher but these death rate can be reduced by monitoring the condition
of patient's heart every second continuously. This can be achieved with the help of a technology called
Internet of Things (IoT). The concept of IoT is that it can connect any device with the internet. Here the
sensor can measure the heart rate and connects to the internet. Then it will update the status of the
patient's heart to the person who wants to monitor the patient. Hence the prevention of death due to
heart attack is being introduced. This idea can also be implemented for workers in industry
Anchoring Manganese on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Super Capacitor Applications
Authors: Ramesh Kannan R. , Sivabharathy M.
Published: June 2020

Manganese decorated Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were synthesized through a simple solvo thermal method. The surface morphology and structural analyses of the MnO2 doped MCNT have performed by Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Field emission scanning electron microscopy
(FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Morphological characterization reveals that three-dimensional hierarchy architecture built with a highly porous layer consisting of interconnected MnO2 uniformly coated on the CNT surface. The XRD and EDS results confirmed that the prepared samples
containing MnO2/CNT in pure form without impurities. It also reveals that birnessite-type MnO2 is formed through the solvo thermal synthesis. The Optical properties of the prepared samples were examined by UV-visible spectrometer and Fourier transform spectroscopy. The
UV-vis spectra of the nanoparticles indicate a decrease in the band gap from 1.037 to 0.999 eV. The results reveal the band gap shrinkage associated with Mn concentration more at high temperature phase and crystalline behavior. The composition of the prepared samples were characterized using
Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
Road Traffic Analysis at Sholinganallur Road Junction
Authors: Vijayaraman P. , Jesu Jayarin P.
Published: June 2020

Traffic jam as a problem has gradually inflated to an unimaginable extent that it has started receiving attention as one of the significant factors that curb a nation’s economic growth and fuel reserve. The amount of time being spent and fuel consumed at traffic signals not only
affects economic growth but also affects environment by air and noise pollution. This paper is written with the aim of throwing light at the magnanimity of the problem and it does the same by presenting real-time statistics regarding the traffic jam witnessed at a road junction in Sholinganallur,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu. This report is not only envisioned to become an eye opener about traffic, but also as an exposition of various promising ideas that can remedy the situation.
Remote Monitoring System of Robotic Car Based on Internet of Things Using Raspberry Pi
Authors: Sowmya K. V. , Jamedar Harshavardhan , Godavarthi Pradeep
Published: June 2020

Development of surveillance and monitoring systems are quite difficult and challenging task at times. The design of a system depends on the environment to be monitored. Such surveillance systems need to have dynamic features, for e.g., cameras used for monitoring may be mobiles, web
cams etc. installed to the system. Such systems are used in various large buildings like shopping malls where it could incur high cost for installing cameras in each level of buildings. Even for people like security officers it could be huge task to cover an entire building. Other examples
for dynamic surveillance system could be detecting poisonous gases in an area, explosives and any fire risk elements. Another case is that it can reach where the area is not accessed by humans. In view of these challenges we propose a Remote monitoring system where a Robotic Car is installed
with camera, Ultrasonic sensor, DHT11, PIR sensors according to the environment involved. The instructions are given to the robotic car using a third party app called Blynk as user interface. Here the raspberry pi is used as a microcontroller which is connected to WIFI acts as the communication
medium to connect the server provided by Blynk. The Blynk app which acts as a user interface is interacted with the car using Wi-Fi and its server.
Machine Learning to Perform Segmentation and 3D Projection of Abnormal Tissues by Endoscopy Images
Authors: Adithya Pothan Raj V. , Mohan Kumar P.
Published: June 2020

Images obtained by endoscopy technique provides the normal direction of the tissue contour. This provides the important anatomical parameters which can be used for segmentation algorithms. Due to the variation of tissue image sizes, the values of intensity for the tissues is typically
ununiformed and also have noisiness by nature. So, identifying the direction in normal by a single iteration is unreliable. A multi (factor)-iteration algorithm has been developed for estimating the direction normal to the edge of defective tissue. From experimented results, the estimation
reliability is formulated by multiple iterations. The estimation post last iteration corrects the direction normally. We have obtained the balance at all points during the normal direction estimation and it is used by the Edge Detector. The implementation results obtained prove that our proposed
algorithm reduces the amount of astonishing boundaries and gapes in the actual outlines. Thus improves the quality of segmentation and 3D projection. The obtained corrected output could also be used in the removal of false edges in post processing. The performance outcome of our proposed algorithm
is measured at multiple iterations and results are tabulated.
A Secure User Image Privacy Preserving Technique to Avoid Clone Attack in Online Social Network
Authors: Rohit M. , Sharmila Ceronmani
Published: June 2020

The hundreds of thousands of active users everywhere in the globe use online social community, inclusive of Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler and LinkedIn. This makes it handy for fake profile cloning and compromise user information. This system, uses information to be hidden in a profile
photos with a hidden information to detect profiles which are fake and any attacks that’s taken place by botnet. This project presents the detection mechanisms of social network based attacks that takes place online, analysis of the profile with interval in time and sequenced Protocol.
This project we have proposed data hiding with the use of discrete wavelet transform algorithm. Thus it will save you from clone attack and provide entire user statistic with private record. Thus we will capable of keeping away from clone attacks in social media networks.
An Enhanced Seeded Region Growing Based Techniques for Hippocampus Segmentation
Authors: Vijayalakshmi S. , Savita
Published: June 2020

In to this new era of technology image processing plays a very important role in medical where in many applications analysis of images is used. In medical image processing image segmentation is very important task in which image if partitioned in to disjoint meaningful regions or parts.
Lots of image segmentation techniques are used which are different from each other in a way of working. In this our main area of focus is Hippocampus which is a part of the brain and helps in formation of new and long term memory. Alzheimer is a memory related brain disease in which the volume
of hippocampus shrink day by day. Many researches has been done in this area so in this paper we explained the works done by many researcher and also present a HC segmentation method based on seeded region growing.
Mining Environment Monitoring Based on Laser Communication with Internet of Things
Authors: Teju V. , Gowtham Sai K. , Swamy  , Bharath K.
Published: June 2020

Environment conditions like humidity, temperature and gas concentrations are checked to safeguard the people in mines. The equipment comprised of hardware like a microcontroller. This standard intends to decrease the risk of injury and illnesses, these accidents can lead misfortunes
because of the mine safety. So as to protect the excavators from ecological perilous, we need to speak with diggers in the underground segment the information should initially be estimated. This measured data must be saved for future reference. The transmission is done using laser communication.
The parameters measured in this project are: (i) temperature, (ii) humidity and (iii) gas concentration. The obtained sensor values are sent through laser transmission and the sent values are passed through the Wi-Fi router and the mining data is stored in the database.
Image Validation with Virtualization in Blockchain Based Internet of Things
Authors: Vivek Anand M. , Vijayalakshmi S.
Published: June 2020

IoT is changing the way for a world, where many of our daily objects will be connected with each other and will interact with their environment in order to collect information and automate certain tasks. IoT requires seamless authentication, data privacy, security, robustness against
attacks, easy deployment, and self-maintenance. Protecting data in the internet of things is essential for making the IoT environment secure. In order to secure the data on the internet of things, the blockchain will provide distributed peer to peer networks. Blockchain-based internet of things
is making a secure environment in the IoT environment. Data are stored in the form of images in IoT devices that are captured in various locations in the IoT environment for processing. Images are stored as data in the blockchain and it acts as a transaction. This paper expresses the environment
of blockchain-based internet of things with image validation. This paper will explain this domain with an example of a criminal’s image identification with image processing techniques to provide better service to the cyber intelligence agency to find criminals easily. The identification
of criminals is done by comparing the images of the criminals’ identification.
New Analytical Channel Allocation Methodology for Multichannel Multi-Radio Wireless Networks
Authors: Pushpa Latha S. , Sabitha R.
Published: June 2020

In wireless technologies, jamming attack is a main Research problem in multichannel multi-radio as they block communication in wireless networks. Malicious nodes block legitimate communication through jamming attacks that causes intentional interference. This paper presents the problem
of jamming attack in multichannel multi-radio wireless network. First, Allocated the channel in Randomized manner and measure the Entropy rate. Second, defined the channel capacity. Third determined noiseless channel. Furthermore, Find the responses from channel and compare Response channel
(H(S/R)) with Noise less channel (T). If H(S/R) ∈ T, Then to select the channel otherwise to reject the channel and assign (H(S/R)) = Attack. Finally, Based on the jammer detection algorithm, the result is compared with cyclic spectral analysis. But the proposed algorithm computation
process is very simple than cyclic spectral analysis algorithm and Cyclostationary.Based jammer Detection Algorithm.
Reputation Based Fault Tolerance in Blockchain Networks
Authors: Subathra G. , Antonidoss A.
Published: June 2020

The Blockchain technology brings a rapid growth in the industry, It emphasizes the service to lead the complexity of software and malicious attack in the network. This technology is used to monitor the highly vulnerable services and it is used to increase the complexity of the warehouse
data. It assures the security and consistency of data, The warehouse data has been replicated the availability and the enhancement of security in the services. This technology originated from internet sector as a decentralized, distributed ledger for data transaction. Nowadays, it is visualised
as a backbone or frame work for decentralized data processing in open source network. Blockchain uses variety of consensus protocol which is reliable for nodes and communication resources that is used for data consistency. Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm has been proposed for computational
cost and security also for consensus efficiency. This paper deals by proposing practical byzantine fault tolerance on edge computing networks paves away for reducing storage overhead also security purpose on edge devices. The proposed model is simulated in the constrain environment and the
results are discussed. It shows that the proposed method has increase the availability and security of the stored data.
Improving Scalability and Balancing the Network Load Using Adaptive Multiparent Crossover Method in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: David Shibin , Andrew J. , Xavier Basil , Joel Raj Isaac , Jennifer Eunice R.
Published: June 2020

Wireless sensor network comprises of scattered sensors to sense, monitor and aggregate the sensed information. The major issue in a wireless sensor network is to balance network load and to maintain less energy consumption where multi parent crossover method is considered. Multiparent
cross over method will generate offspring from parent and aims at managing the load. In this paper a comparative study of different algorithms is done where the load balancing and energy consumption issue has been resolved.
Study of the mechanical properties and toughening mechanism of ZrO2 particles toughened Si3N4 ceramics
Authors: Tian Liang , Hou Qinglin , Wang Yingxia , Hou Yihui
Published: June 2020

Si3N4 ceramic has excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, high hardness, and high thermal stability, but it has the disadvantages of high hardness and brittleness and difficulty in later processing. In this paper, ZrO2 was used as toughening
phase, and ZrO2 toughened Si3N4 ceramics was prepared by injection molding. The effects of ZrO2 sintering temperature and content on the mechanical properties and fracture morphology were studied. Experiments show that when the ZrO2 content
is 10 wt.% and the sintering temperature reaches 1650 °C, the bending strength and fracture toughness of Si3N4 ceramics reach the maximum at the same time, which are 767 MPa and 8.7 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The density is high. XRD analysis revealed
that if the sintering temperature is too high, the ZrO2/Si3N4 system will generate a large number of ZrN impurity phases that cannot be phase-transformed, which ultimately affects the ceramic properties. According to fracture morphology, the toughening mechanism
of ZrO2 is stress-induced phase transition.
Low-cycle fatigue behavior of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy at different strain amplitudes
Authors: Fu Lei , Duan Heng , Li Hui , Lin Li , Wang Qingyuan , Yao Ji , Luo Yunrong
Published: June 2020

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) life and failure mechanism of 7075-T6 high strength aluminum alloys were investigated under MTS 809. The cycling stress response and the cyclic stress—strain relationships under different strain amplitudes were investigated. Using Manson-Coffin law, the
three parameter exponential function equation and the damage function model of tensile hysteresis energy (Ostergren equation), the regression analysis of LCF test data was carried out, it was found that the fatigue life prediction results of the three parameter exponential function equation
were better than the other two life prediction methods in terms of statistical analysis methods of standard deviation and dispersion band. Analysis of microstructure and fatigue failure fracture revealed that fatigue crack initiated at the interface of precipitations and α-phase aluminium
substrate in surface or near surface of the sample.
Durability of a new type of cement-based composite grouting material under effects of chemical corrosion
Authors: Li Zhaofeng , Lin Chunjin , Sha Fei , Zhang Qingsong , Zhang Jian , Qi Yanhai , Gao Yifan
Published: June 2020

Corrosion resistance and durability are important performance features for grouting materials in underground engineering. The grouts based on ordinary Portland cement are difficult to solve water inrush disasters. To solve these problems, a new type of sulphoaluminate-cement-based Composite
Grouting Material (CGM) has been developed. In this research, the chemical corrosion mechanism was analyzed, and the durability and anti-corrosion performance of CGM were studied under different concentrations of sulfate and chloride ions, steel slag contents and water/CGM (W/CGM) ratios.
The flexural strength, compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient of CGM were measured in dependence of the days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out to determine the anti-corrosion characteristic of CGM. The results showed that the corrosion resistance
coefficients of CGM are generally larger than 1.0 under different sulfate and chloride ion concentrations. Steel slag prevents sulfate ions from penetrating the hardened stone body, and the anticorrosion performance of CGM was relatively low at high W/CGM ratios.
Microspheres scar formation glaucoma filtration surgery area therapeutic effect—Based on rapamycin-chitosan-calcium alginate sustained-release
Authors: Wang Shasha , Xu Feiping , He Jie , Cao Tingyi , Liu Rui , Chen Jili , Quan Hao
Published: June 2020

To study the efficacy of rapamycin (RAPA)-chitosan (CS)-calcium alginate (CA) sustained-release microspheres on scar formation in a rabbit model of glaucoma filtration surgery. Eighty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and a glaucoma filtration model was
established by scleral bite through the eyes. RAPA-CS-CA sustained-release microspheres were implanted in the right eye of 40 rabbits (Group A) and CS blank sustained-release microspheres were implanted in the left eye (Group B). Another 40 rabbits were treated with a 0.2 g·L-1
RAPA cotton sheet in the right eye (Group C) and the left eye underwent a simple sclerotomy (Group D). The intraocular pressure, filter bleb, anterior chamber inflammation, complications, and corneal endothelial cell density were observed after the operation. Rabbits were euthanized for pathological
examination 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days after the operation. The drug loading rate of RAPA-CS-CA sustainedrelease microspheres was (34.58±1.47)% and the encapsulation rate was (56.23±1.55)%. The microsphere release in vitro was relatively stable. The release rate of the
microspheres during the burst was only 16.54%. After 49 days, the cumulative release rate of the microspheres reached 94.07% and the sustained release effect was significant within 45 days. Group A maintained low-level intraocular pressure for the longest period of time, followed by Group
C, and then Group B and D. The survival time of filter vesicles in Group A was longer than that in other groups. There were no postoperative complications in each group. The conjunctival epithelium of Group A had better integrity and fewer subconjunctival fibroblasts than other groups. There
was no obvious inflammation or infiltration around the filtering mouth and there were fewer new collagen fibers. RAPA-CS-CA slow-release microspheres safely and effectively inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts and neonatal collagen fibers in rabbit glaucoma filtration surgery and significantly
improved the success rate of glaucoma filtration surgery.
Effects of Cu on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance on (Ti36.1Zr33.2Ni5.8Be24.9)100-xCux alloys
Authors: Yang Xiangjie , Huang Xinhua , Zhu Linhao , Guo Hongmin , Jin Hualan
Published: June 2020

Due to high strength, perfect plasticity and higher hardness, bulk metallic glass (BMG) has been widely concerned. The work used the vaccum casting of copper-formed mold to establish (Ti36.1Zr33.2Ni5.8Be24.9)100-xCux,
where x = 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. Thermal properties, mechanical behaviors of compression, and corrosion resistance in the proposed compounds were investigated. The results show that the increase in Cu content enhances the heat resistance and the forming of glass of BMGs, small amount of
fine dendritic crystals presents in BMG when x = 3, and the best corrosion resistance and mechanical properties can be obtained when x = 7, the yield strength, fracture strength and plastic strain can reach 1496.15 MPa, 2003.44 MPa and 19.19%, respectively.
Solution combustion synthesis of mesoporous mesh-structured Co3O4/C composites as anode materials for lithium storage
Authors: Li Ruinian , Zhu Fuliang , Liuxinglian  , Xiao Mingjun , Meng Yanshuang , Zhang Yue
Published: June 2020

A mesoporous mesh Co3O4/C composite was synthesized by using a combustion synthesis (SCS) method with mixed fuel solution. The combustion reactivity can be controlled through adjusting the fuel composition. During combustion reaction, with the release of gas and
the growth of Co3O4 particles, residual carbon and Co3O4 formed porous network that significantly improved the rate performance of the Co3O4/C composite. After 200 cycles, the Co3O4/C composite delivered
reversible discharge/charge specific capacity of 1120/1025, 965/930, 889/837, and 772/706 mAh g-1 at current densities of 1 C, 2 C, 3 C, and 5 C, respectively. This work provides a guide for the synthesis of anode materials by using SCS with low energy consumption.
Synthesis of low toxicity metal-organic framework carrier for drug release
Authors: Wang Dongming , Liu Xiaoliu , Ye Xiaomei , Yuan Kangrui , Xing Xiaowei , Xie Yuling , Chen Zhi , Li Baohong , Huang Chaobo , Kuang Tairong , Cui Liao , Yu Zhiqiang , Wu Dudu
Published: June 2020

In this study, the [Zn(4,4′-bipy)(formic acid)2(NO3)2] (4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) metal-organic framework (MOF) (1) was synthesized using Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and 4,4′-bipyridine according to
the solution solvothermal approach. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), power X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV spectrophotometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were carried out to determine the crystal phase and characterizations of 1. Thereafter, 1
was adopted to carry 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which displayed a 5-FU loading of 37.9 wt%. Besides, the 5-FU-loaded 1 displayed pH-sensitive behavior with the release of 5-FU in acidic environment. Typically, the 5-FU release process was progressive and under efficient control, and 93%
5-FU was released in acidic environment at 72 h later, but only 58% 5-FU was released in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4). Furthermore, the toxicity of 1 was evaluated through cytotoxicity assays in HeLa and L02 cell lines, which showed significantly low toxicity of 1.
Taken together, these results indicate that, the prepared 1 may potentially serve as a suitable carrier for drug delivery applications.
Hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis induced by low-intensity ultrasound with polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol nanometer microspheres loaded with sodium cantharidin: An in vitro study
Authors: Luo Ting , Zhang Kaiyuan , Zhao Luyan , Su Tianlin , Yang Bingshe
Published: June 2020

This study examines the synergistic inhibitory effect of two drugs on hepatocellular carcinoma cells using polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG) nanoparticles loaded with sodium cantharidin (SCA) combined with low-intensity ultrasound. We sought to provide an experimental basis
for the cytological level of SCA combined with low-intensity ultrasound tumor treatment. The study consisted of four treatment groups: HepG2 cells treated with 2.5 g/mL SCA for 30 min then irradiated with 0.5 w/cm2 low-intensity ultrasound for 8 s (combination group), HepG2 cells
treated with SCA alone (SCA group), HepG2 cells randomly irradiated with low-intensity ultrasound (ultrasound group), and HepG2 cells without intervention (control group). After each treatment, the cells were cultured for 6 h, and then the cell proliferation inhibition rate, apoptosis cycle,
and intracellular calcium concentration were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry and Fluo-3 AM detection. Intracellular ultrastructural changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the proliferation
inhibition rate of cells in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the SCA and ultrasound groups. Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining revealed that the apoptosis rate of the combination group significantly increased compared with that of the other groups. There
was no significant difference in cell cycle among the different treatments after 6 h of cell culture. However, cell cycle arrest occurred in HepG2 cells at G0/G1 stage after 12 h of cell culture. Fluo-3 AM showed that the intracellular calcium concentration in the combined group was significantly
higher than that in the other groups at 6 h after treatment. Transmission electron microscopy showed that apoptotic bodies and mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum swelling were present in the combined group after treatment. We conclude that low-intensity ultrasound (0.5 w/cm2)
combined with SCA (2.5 μg/mL) synergistically induce apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells, block cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis. PLA-PEG can be loaded with SCA to improve drug targeting and drug concentration in the affected area.
Electrical properties of Ga-doped ZnO nanowires/Si heterojunction diode
Authors: Al-Hadeethi Yas , Badran Rashad I. , Umar Ahmad , Al-Heniti Saleh H. , Raffah Bahaaudin M. , Al-Zhrani Saleha
Published: June 2020

Herein, we report the high-temperature electrical characteristics of heterojunction diode fabricated based on n-Ga-doped ZnO nanowires/p-Silicon substrate. Various electronic properties such as rectification ratio, the effective barrier height, the diode ideality factor,
etc. of the fabricated heterojunction diode at high temperature were investigated. The electrical characteristics were examined in the high-temperature range of 293 K–433 K in both reverse and forward biased conditions, which exhibited good stability over the entire temperature range.
The observed current–voltage (I–V) studies confirmed three different conduction mechanisms for the fabricated heterojunction diodes, i.e., either field emission or tunneling, recombination-tunneling mechanism and the transport mechanism dominated by space-charge-limited
current at the different regions. The observed electrical results exhibited fluctuations in the sensitivity of the quality factor of the heterojunction diode and consequently corresponding fluctuations in the resistance. The linear dependence of effective barrier height on quality factor can
be attributed to the presence of some lateral inhomogeneities in the barrier height. The analysis of C–V data was conducted to deduce the value of barrier height of Schottky barrier for the fabricated heterojunction diode. Interestingly, the observed results assert the mismatch
that occurs between the interface states and resulting capacitance of the fabricated heterojunction diode.