bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pyrrhotite Fe1−xS microcubes as a new anode material in potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Yang , Bahmani Farzaneh , Wei Runzhe
Published: September 2020

Potassium-ion batteries are an emerging energy storage technology that could be a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and low cost of potassium. Research on potassium-ion batteries has received considerable attention in recent years. With the progress that has been made, it is important yet challenging to discover electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries. Here, we report pyrrhotite Fe1−xS microcubes as a new anode material for this exciting energy storage technology. The anode delivers a reversible capacity of 418 mAh g−1 with an initial coulombic efficiency of ~70% at 50 mA g−1 and a great rate capability of 123 mAh g−1 at 6 A g−1 as well as good cyclability. Our analysis shows the structural stability of the anode after cycling and reveals surface-dominated K storage at high rates. These merits contribute to the obtained electrochemical performance. Our work may lead to a new class of anode materials based on sulfide chemistry for potassium storage and shed light on the development of new electrochemically active materials for ion storage in a wider range of energy applications.
No-Right and its Correlative
Authors: Halpin Andrew
Published: September 2020

This article aims to dispel the confusion over no-right by drawing attention to three straightforward points, and by examining a neglected source of complexity. The former embrace the practical significance of a no-right within Hohfeld’s scheme; the important difference between the practical significance of a normative position and the theoretical status of the concept representing it; and, the relationship between logical duals and contradictories when applied to normative positions. The complexity is associated with liberty as the correlative of no-right, and involves recognizing a connection with the operators of deontic logic. The conventional interdefinability of permission and obligation is challenged; “liberty” is regarded as an inadequate label for the normative position signifying the absence of duty, and, as a distinctive position, is not a true correlative of any other position. Implications are noted for the theoretical problem faced by deontic logic when confronting normative relations between individuals, and for the solution of practical problems within a (legal or moral) normative system.
Forced Unemployment or Undocumented Work: The Burden of the Prohibition to Work for Asylum Seekers in the UK
Authors: Targarona Rifa Nuria , Donà Giorgia
Published: September 2020

The paper examines asylum seekers’ perceptions of the prohibition to work policy through the lens of burden(s). Drawing from individual interviews with asylum seekers and key informants and group discussions, the findings show the multiple—economic, social, and emotional—burdens that the prohibition to work inflicts on asylum seekers and problematizes the static understanding of burdens to reveal the processes of ‘becoming’ a burden on others. A comparison of enforced joblessness and undocumented work highlights the benefits of being able to work, even when this is risky, and the different burdens associated with the choice to not work, and consequently experience forced unemployment, or to break the rules and work in the undocumented sector. The concept of the burden paradox highlights the inconsistencies between the UK government’s goal to minimize burdens for asylum seekers and the host society and its policy implementation that increases them for both.
I Cannot Afford Off-loading Boots
Authors: Costa Idevania G. , Tregunno Deborah , Camargo-Plazas Pilar
Published: September 2020

This study aimed at uncovering the factors influencing individuals' ability to engage in self-management of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and presenting a theoretical model depicting these factors and the outcomes. We used constructivist grounded theory methodology to guide this study and recruited 30 participants with an active DFU attending a wound care clinic in Ontario, Canada. The study's findings indicate that participants' engagement in self-management of DFU was influenced by internal and external factors. While some factors contributed to enhance participants' engagement in everyday self-management, others seemed to have prevented them from achieving engagement and hence the desired DFU outcomes.
Discrimination Ability of Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Pediatric Domains Compared With Scoliosis Research Society-22r and Legacy Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Juvenile and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Yau Annie , Heath Madison R. , Fabricant Peter D.
Published: September 2020

Study Design.

Comparative cohort study.

Objective.

To compare patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in children and adolescents with varying extent of spinal deformity.

Summary of Background Data.

Several PROMs have been proposed to help assess health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) in pediatric spinal deformity surgery and research, but it is unclear which are sensitive to deformity severity.

Methods.

Pediatric patients diagnosed with spinal asymmetry or juvenile/adolescent idiopathic scoliosis completed the patient-reported outcomes management information system (PROMIS) pediatric computer adaptive test bank (Domains: Mobility, Pain Interference, Physical Activity, Physical Stress Experiences, Psychological Stress Experiences), Scoliosis Research Society-22r (SRS-22r), Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS) activity scale, and Trunk Appearance Perception Scale. Patients were grouped as spinal asymmetry, mild deformity, and substantial deformity by major Cobb angle measuring less than 10°, between 10° and 40°, and greater than 40° respectively. One-way analysis of variance with a Tukey post-hoc correction was used to determine score differences between groups.

Results.

Final analyses included 206 patients, of which 135 (66%) were female. The mean age was 13.0 ± 2.2 years, and the mean major Cobb angle was 20.1 ± 14.1° (range: 0–74.2°). Compared with both spinal asymmetry and mild deformity patients, patients with substantial deformity reported worse outcomes, including lower function, more pain, and decreased psychological health by legacy PROMs and PROMIS. PROMIS Physical Activity and Psychological Stress Experiences did not capture any significant differences between all groups. There were no significant differences in outcomes between the spinal asymmetry and mild deformity groups for all PROMs measured.

Conclusion.

Patients with substantial spinal deformity reported lower activity and function, more pain, and greater physical and psychological stress compared with patients without clinical spinal deformity by legacy PROMs and several PROMIS domains. As PROMIS Physical Activity and Psychological Stress Experiences did not capture these differences, these PROMs may measure different constructs than the legacy PROMs as they relate to spinal curvature and may be less relevant to measure HRQoL in this population.

Level of Evidence3
Risk of Postoperative Complications and Revision Surgery Following Robot-assisted Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion
Authors: Yang Daniel S. , Li Neill Y. , Kleinhenz Dominic T. , Patel Shyam , Daniels Alan H.
Published: September 2020

Study Design.

Retrospective Study.

Objective.

This investigation examined matched cohorts of lumbar spinal fusion (LSF) patients undergoing robot-assisted and conventional LSF to compare risk of revision, 30-day readmission, 30-day complications, and postoperative opioid utilization.

Summary of Background Data.

Patient outcomes and complication rates associated with robot-assisted LSF compared to conventional fusion techniques are incompletely understood.

Methods.

The PearlDiver Research Program (www.pearldiverinc.com) was used to identify patients undergoing primary LSF between 2011 and 2017. Patients receiving robot-assisted or conventional LSF were matched using key demographic and comorbidity variables. Indication for revision was also studied. Risk of revision, 30-day readmission, 30-day complications, and postoperative opioid utilization at 1 and 6 months was compared between the cohorts using multivariable logistic regression additionally controlling for age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Results.

The percent of LSFs that were robot-assisted rose by 169% from 2011 to 2017, increasing linearly each year (p = 0.0007). Matching resulted in 2528 patients in each cohort for analysis. Robot-assisted LSF patients experienced higher risk of revision (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.35, P ≤ 0.0001), 30-day readmission (aOR = 1.39, P = 0.0002), and total 30-day complications (aOR = 1.50, P < 0.0001), specifically respiratory (aOR = 1.56, P = 0.0006), surgical site infection (aOR = 1.56, P = 0.0061), and implant-related complications (aOR = 1.74, P = 0.0038). The risk of revision due to infection after robot-assisted LSF was an estimated 4.5-fold higher (aOR = 4.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95–12.04, P = 0.0011). Furthermore, robot-assisted LSF had increased risk of revision due to instrument failure (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.05–2.58, P = 0.0300), and pseudarthrosis (aOR = 2.24, 95%CI = 1.32–3.95, P = 0.0037). A higher percentage of revisions were due to infection in robot-assisted LSF (19.0%) than in conventional LSF (9.2%) (P = 0.0408).

Conclusion.

Robotic-assisted posterior LSF is independently associated with increased risk of revision surgery, infection, instrumentation complications, and postoperative opioid utilization compared to conventional fusion techniques. Further research is needed to investigate long-term postoperative outcomes following robot-assisted LSF. Spine surgeons should be cautious when considering immediate adoption of this emerging surgical technology.

Level of Evidence: 3
Margin Reanalysis With 3-Dimensional Micrographic Surgery Technique of Conventional Excision Specimens With Negative Margin Readings
Authors: Magliano Julio , Navarrete Jorge , Lezue Verónica , González Alicia , Martínez Miguel , Bazzano Carlos
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

Mohs micrographic surgery technique allows for complete margin analysis of skin tumors, which explains its lower recurrence rates over conventional surgery. Although it is known that routine processing of excision specimens represents less than 0.5% of the margins, a direct comparison with micrographic technique has not been performed so far.

Objective:

To compare the margins of nonmelanoma skin cancers excised conventionally, processed with serial transverse cross-sectioning (“bread-loafing”), and had negative margin readings, against the margins obtained through micrographic technique from the same tumors.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective, descriptive, historical cohort study. Inclusion criteria as follows: patients who underwent conventional excision for nonmelanoma skin cancers between 2010 and 2013 in our dermatology department and had negative margin readings. Samples were dewaxed and processed with the 3-dimensional Mohs micrographic technique.

Results:

One hundred one basal cell carcinomas and 26 squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed. Thirteen positive fragments were obtained, which corresponded to 11 tumors and patients; therefore, 8.7% of patients were given a false negative result in their original study. Lateral margins were more commonly affected (81.8%). There was no clear association between false negative results and histopathologic type or subtype.

Conclusions:

Our study is the first of its kind in terms of methodology. The “bread-loafing” technique can incorrectly report the state of the margins of surgical pieces excised by conventional surgery. Mohs' micrographic technique is superior when it comes to evaluating margins and should be regarded as the gold standard.
Caruncular Dacryops After Cataract Surgery With Histopathological Characterization
Authors: Vaidya Parth R. , D'Aquila Madeline L. , Ramey Nicholas A. , Grider Douglas J.
Published: September 2020

Caruncular dacryops is a rare cyst of lacrimal tissue most commonly found in the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. The exact cause of dacryops is unclear, although it may be congenital or associated with trauma, infection, or inflammation. The pathophysiology and histology of a caruncular dacryops of the left lacrimal gland in a 68-year-old woman is reported. The patient presented 3 months after a cataract surgery with symptoms of irritation and pruritus of the left eye. A 6- × 6-mm clear cyst of the lacrimal gland prolapsing into the lateral fornix was noted on physical exam. Histological examination of the cyst showed a double layer of flat cuboidal epithelium surrounded by fibrous tissue with minor lacrimal glands present. Periodic acid Schiff-diastase and mucicarmine staining showed the presence of goblet cells dispersed in the epithelial cells. Complete excision of the cyst is the treatment of choice for most caruncular dacryops, and our case remains without recurrence after excision. This case highlights the clinical and histological presentation of caruncular dacryops and raises awareness of their incidence following presumed trauma during cataract surgery.
Tardive syndrome: An update and mini-review from the perspective of phenomenology
Authors: Chen Chun-Yu , Chiang Han-Lin , Fuh Jong-Ling
Published: September 2020

Tardive syndrome (TS) is a group of movement disorders caused by the long-term use of dopamine receptor blocking agents. The phenotypic presentation of TS is diverse, ranging from the most well-characterized symptom of tardive dyskinesia to other symptoms, including dystonia, akathisia, myoclonus, parkinsonism, tremor, and tics. These tardive symptoms are distinct not only in their phenomenology but also in their clinical outcomes. However, our knowledge of the pathophysiology and management of TS is almost exclusively based on tardive dyskinesia. First-generation antipsychotics have a higher risk of inducing TS and have largely been replaced by second-generation antipsychotics with a lower risk of TS. However, patients with off-label use of second-generation antipsychotics are still at risk of developing TS. Thus, the management of TS remains a challenging and important issue for physicians. In this review, we update the information on the epidemiology, phenomenology, and treatment of TS from the perspective of the specific form of TS.
Updating External Ventricular Drainage Care and Intrahospital Transport Practices at a Community Hospital
Authors: Eigsti Janice E.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Frontline neurointensive care nurses from 1 community hospital were invited to assess the current state of care related to use of external ventricular drains (EVDs) and intrahospital transport (IHT) policies, investigate and plan practice changes, and implement skills review for nurses caring for the adult patient with an acute brain injury. PROJECT: Our team researched best practices related to EVD care and IHT procedures, updated current EVD insertion checklists, developed nurse role cards to assist with EVD insertion at the bedside, revised current EVD care policies and procedures, and created a new IHT policy. The same nurses shared updated information and skills review for neuroscience nurse peers. CONCLUSION: The goals for the project were met, and practice variation is being reduced.
Positional Variation of the Infraorbital Foramen in Caucasians and Black Africans from Britain: Surgical Relevance and Comparison to the Existing Literature
Authors: Aseem Rabiya , Scantling-Birch Yarrow , Naveed Hasan , Gore Sri , Messiha Ashraf , Rajak Saul , Davagnanam Indran
Published: September 2020

Background:

Midface augmentation and orbital surgery carry an inherent risk of injury to the infraorbital vascular bundle, especially the infraorbital nerve where it exits the infraorbital foramen (IOF). This can result in significant morbidity for the patient, including paresthesia and neuralgia. Studies report significant heterogeneity in IOF position according to gender, ethnicity, and laterality. A knowledge of the relationship of the IOF to regional soft tissue, bony landmarks, and its variation among ethnicities is likely to reduce iatrogenic injuries.

Methods:

A single-center retrospective computed tomography (CT)-based study was conducted. Twenty Caucasians and 20 Black Africans patients were selected from an existing radiologic database at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK. DICOM image viewing software (Syngo, Siemens Healthineers) was used to record the position of the IOF using standardized sagittal and axial views.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference in the horizontal position of the IOF in the 2 races (P = 0.00). The combined measurements were used to derive a rectangular zone of variability measuring 14.30 mm by 10.60 mm. This zone was found to lie 3.50 mm below the infraorbital rim, 7.10 mm medial to the piriform aperture, and 11.60 mm from the lateral orbital rim.

Conclusion:

A sound knowledge of key facial landmarks is necessitated when performing midface augmentation and orbital surgery. An anatomical safe zone depicting the variation of the IOF will help reduce iatrogenic injury to the infraorbital nerve and prevent patient morbidity.
Fluoxetine attenuates prepulse inhibition deficit induced by neonatal administration of MK-801 in mice
Authors: Yang Luyin , Liu Farong , Yuan Qianfa , Zhu Jingjing , Wang Wenqiang , Li Xinmin , He Jue
Published: September 2020

Increasing evidence supports schizophrenia may be a neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects and be effective in treating neurodegenerative disorders including schizophrenia. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect and underlying neuroprotective mechanism of fluoxetine on the sensorimotor gating deficit, a schizophrenia-like behavior in a neurodevelopmental schizophrenic mouse model induced by MK-801, an N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist. On postnatal day 7, mouse pups were treated with a total seven subcutaneous daily injections of MK-801 (1 mg/kg/day), followed by intraperitoneal injection of fluoxetine (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) starting on postnatal day 14 in the MK-801-injected mice for 4 weeks. The sensorimotor gating deficit in mice was measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) behavioral test on postnatal day 43. After the behavioral test, the protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was measured by western blot or ELISA in the frontal cortex of mice. Our results showed fluoxetine attenuated PPI deficit and the decrease of cerebral BDNF expression in the MK-801-injected mice. These results suggest that fluoxetine can be used to treat sensorimotor gating deficit in a neurodevelopmental mouse model of schizophrenia, and the attenuating effect of fluoxetine on sensorimotor gating deficit may be related to fluoxetine’s neuroprotective effect targeting on the modulation of cerebral BDNF.
Commercial COVID-19 serial seroconversion panel for validation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays
Authors: Belda Francisco , Cherenzia Robin , Crowley Michael
Published: September 2020

Background

Seroconversion panels (SCP) are an important tool for investigating antibody responses and developing serological assays. A SCP was generated from a single SARS-CoV-2 positive plasma donor over 87 days.

Methods

This SCP was tested against five SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests (IgG, IgM and total Ig). All test kits utilized recombinant antigens that are specific to SARS-CoV-2.

Results

The SCP showed IgG responses for SARS-CoV-2 after day 50. IgM levels peaked on day 50 (prior to IgG) and declined in subsequent samples.

Conclusion

This SCP is a useful tool for validation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 suppresses host but not viral translation through a bipartite mechanism
Authors: Shi Ming , Wang Longfei , Fontana Pietro , Vora Setu , Zhang Ying , Fu Tian-Min , Lieberman Judy , Wu Hao
Published: September 2020

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that underlies the current COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to disable various features of host immunity and cellular defense. The SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) is known to inhibit host protein translation and could be a target for antiviral therapy against COVID-19. However, how SARS-CoV-2 circumvents this translational blockage for the production of its own proteins is an open question. Here, we report a bipartite mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 which operates by: (1) hijacking the host ribosome via direct interaction of its C-terminal domain (CT) with the 40S ribosomal subunit and (2) specifically lifting this inhibition for SARS-CoV-2 via a direct interaction of its N-terminal domain (NT) with the 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR) of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA. We show that while Nsp1-CT is sufficient for binding to 40S and inhibition of host protein translation, the 5’ UTR of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA removes this inhibition by binding to Nsp1-NT, suggesting that the Nsp1-NT-UTR interaction is incompatible with the Nsp1-CT-40S interaction. Indeed, lengthening the linker between Nsp1-NT and Nsp1-CT of Nsp1 progressively reduced the ability of SARS-CoV-2 5’ UTR to escape the translational inhibition, supporting that the incompatibility is likely steric in nature. The short SL1 region of the 5’ UTR is required for viral mRNA translation in the presence of Nsp1. Thus, our data provide a comprehensive view on how Nsp1 switches infected cells from host mRNA translation to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA translation, and that Nsp1 and 5’ UTR may be targeted for anti-COVID-19 therapeutics.
Expression of survivin and p53 genes in patients with alopecia areata: A case–control study
Authors: Marie Radwa El‐ Sayed Mahmoud , Abd El‐ Fadeal Noha M , Atef Lina M
Published: September 2020

Background

Alopecia areata is a common non‐scarring hair loss disorder. It has been generally recognised as a loss of immune privilege leading to an autoimmune attack upon anagen hair follicles. Survivin is one of the apoptosis inhibitor proteins, responsible for apoptosis suppression and cell cycle regulation. Survivin expression has been demonstrated in the matrix and outer root sheath keratinocytes of anagen hair follicles. Survivin overexpression was shown in several autoimmune diseases, and it was postulated that it contributes to the survival of self‐reactive T and B cells. P53 is a tumour suppressor gene that was suggested to repress autoimmunity via induction of T regulatory cells. Survivin gene expression is transcriptionally suppressed by wild‐type p53.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate survivin and p53 genes expression in alopecia areata patients.

Methods

The mRNA tissue expression of survivin and p53 was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in lesional and non‐lesional punch scalp biopsies of 25 alopecia areata patients and 25 healthy subjects.

Results

The study showed higher mRNA expression of survivin in lesional biopsies compared to non‐lesional (P < 0.001) and control biopsies (P = 0.001). In non‐lesional biopsies, the expression was significantly lower than in control biopsies (P < 0.001). The expression of p53 was lower in both lesional and non‐lesional biopsies relative to control biopsies. However, the difference was only significant in non‐lesional biopsies (P = 0.017).

Conclusion

Our results suggested that survivin and p53 genes expression was altered in patients with alopecia areata.
Serum level of S100B in vitiligo patients: Is it a marker of disease activity?
Authors: Badran Aya Y. , Gomaa Ahmed Shawky , El‐Mahdy Reham I , El Zohne Randa Ahmed , Kamal Dalia Tarik , Abou‐Taleb Doaa A.E.
Published: September 2020

Background

Vitiligo is a chronic depigmentary skin disorder, characterised clinically by the development of white macules and or patches caused by loss of epidermal melanocytes. S100B is a dual function protein released from epidermal melanocytes in response to injury. It considered a possible marker of disease activity in both malignant melanoma and vitiligo.

Aim of the study

To estimate the serum level of S100B level in vitiligo patients and correlate its level with disease activity and various disease parameters.

Patients and methods

Sixty vitiligo patients and 60 healthy volunteers as controls were included in the study. Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI) and Vitiligo Disease Activity (VIDA) scores were estimated for each patient. Quantitative assessment of S100B level using ELISA technique was done for all participants.

Results

S100B level was significantly correlated with the presence of vitiligo (P = 0.01), while it showed no correlation with the disease activity using VASI or VIDA scores. As regards the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of S100B for diagnosis and discrimination of vitiligo, serum S100B showed area under the curve (AUC) of 0.781 with 73.3% sensitivity and 80% specificity.

Conclusion

The serum level of S100B was related to the presence of vitiligo, but its level did not show any relation to the disease activity using either VASI and VIDA scores or various disease parameters.
The first eight months of Sweden’s COVID‐19 strategy and the key actions and actors that were involved
Authors: Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: September 2020

Aim

COVID‐19 has affected millions of people worldwide. This paper reviews the Swedish pandemic response.

Methods

A narrative review was carried out and a timeline constructed.

Results

By September 1, 2020, 0.8% of Swedish residents had tested positive for the virus and 0.06% of the population had died, which was higher than neighbouring Nordic countries, but lower than some European countries with general lockdowns. The main actors were the Public Health Agency, the National Board of Health and Welfare, the Civil Contingencies Agency and the Government. County councils and regions implemented policies, in conjunction with the Department of Education and county administrative boards. Sweden's response was less invasive than many other countries, with no general lockdown. It focused on mitigation: slowing, but not stopping, the pandemic. Physical distancing was recommended in public spaces, but mandatory in bars, restaurants and at events. Visits to nursing facilities were banned. Kindergartens and schools for children up to 16 stayed open, but closed for older children for three months. There were no enforced quarantines for infected households or geographical regions, and facemasks were not recommended outside health care.

Conclusion

Sweden chose a different pandemic strategy to its peer nations. This paper examines the first eight months.
Pre‐service teachers’ perceptions of social media data privacy policies
Authors: Marín Victoria I. , Carpenter Jeffrey P. , Tur Gemma
Published: September 2020

Matters of data privacy related to social media are increasingly relevant for educators as happenings such as the 2018 Cambridge Analytica scandal have attracted public attention. Many educators use social media for professional purposes, including with their students and should, therefore, be knowledgeable regarding data privacy issues that impact education. This research explores this issue from an interpretive paradigm based on a mixed‐methods approach derived from survey data from an international sample of 148 pre‐service teachers who were studying education courses at three universities. Data suggest that pre‐service teachers see both educational and distracting potential in social media, but lack knowledge regarding relevant policies and regulations, which reflects trends in the broader population. Attitudes toward educational social media use were not correlated with awareness of data privacy policies. However, comfort with companies’ use of personal and student data and faith in governments’ capacity to regulate social media companies were correlated. We discuss our findings in relation to the use of social media and related data privacy considerations and the need for data literacy training in teacher education programs. We include recommendations in light of the findings.
The Dissensual Everyday: Between Daily Life and Exceptional Acts in Beirut, Lebanon
Authors: Musallam Fuad
Published: September 2020

In discussing how people make political use of public space from below, recent writings either emphasize the repurposing of monumental spaces, like Tahrir Square, or else look to how the poor and marginal produce facts on the ground through their everyday interactions without explicit political intentions. In the Hamra neighborhood of Lebanon’s capital, Beirut, the daily life of politicized youth was, in the years following the Arab Spring uprisings, something more than passivity and something less than constant avowed resistance. Through their dissensual everyday inhabitation they made Hamra a compelling political site that was good to fight for and in which it was good to fight. Building on attempts to affirm possibility in anthropological engagements with urban life and political activism, I suggest that such spaces, containing an experiential, embodied, and enspaced memory of radical engagements, can maintain political actors in the face of defeat and setback, and provide encouragement for future political action.
Parent and Youth Perspectives and Retention in Functional Family Therapy
Authors: Collyer Hannah , Eisler Ivan , Woolgar Matt
Published: September 2020

Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como finalidad comprender los factores relacionados con el abandono de la Terapia Familiar Funcional (TFF) mediante el análisis de la experiencia de las familias que han completado la TFF y las que han abandonado la terapia. Se iniciaron entrevistas individuales con padres y adolescentes de 12 familias que habían completado la TFF en Inglaterra, y ocho familias que habían abandonado la terapia. Utilizando el análisis temático, se establecieron seis temas, agrupados dentro de tres esferas. Los patrones de respuestas entre los informes de las familias que completaron y que no completaron la TFF indican procesos que pueden facilitar la permanencia en la TFF. Estos son procesos relacionales específicos para la terapia familiar, por ejemplo, tener una definición de problema en común y una alianza terapéutica equilibrada. Además, se encontraron procesos comúnmente observados entre las intervenciones familiares e individuales. Estos incluyen la credibilidad y la relevancia del trabajo terapéutico, la franqueza en la terapia y los obstáculos prácticos. Los resultados también sugieren que generar motivación para participar en la terapia puede ser más importante para la permanencia en ella que superar obstáculos prácticos. Los obstáculos para la permanencia en la terapia también pueden variar entre los padres y los jóvenes. Estas diferencias destacan la importancia de que el terapeuta mantenga la credibilidad y el apoyo a los padres y de que simultáneamente reduzca la culpa hacia el joven para fomentar la franqueza en los jóvenes. Los resultados influyen en las medidas que pueda tomar el terapeuta para retener a las familias a la hora de usar el modelo de TFF.
Coenzyme Q biosynthesis inhibition induces HIF‐1α stabilization and metabolic switch toward glycolysis
Authors: Liparulo Irene , Bergamini Christian , Bortolus Marco , Calonghi Natalia , Gasparre Giuseppe , Kurelac Ivana , Masin Luca , Rizzardi Nicola , Rugolo Michela , Wang Wenping , Aleo Serena J. , Kiwan Alisar , Torri Cristian , Zanna Claudia , Fato Romana
Published: September 2020

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ, ubiquinone) is a redox‐active lipid endogenously synthesized by the cells. The final stage of CoQ biosynthesis is performed at the mitochondrial level by the ‘complex Q’, where coq2 is responsible for the prenylation of the benzoquinone ring of the molecule. We report that the competitive coq2 inhibitor 4‐nitrobenzoate (4‐NB) decreased the cellular CoQ content and caused severe impairment of mitochondrial function in the T67 human glioma cell line. In parallel with the reduction in CoQ biosynthesis, the cholesterol level increased, leading to significant perturbation of the plasma membrane physicochemical properties. We show that 4‐NB treatment did not significantly affect the cell viability, because of an adaptive metabolic rewiring toward glycolysis. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) stabilization was detected in 4‐NB‐treated cells, possibly due to the contribution of both reduction in intracellular oxygen tension and ROS overproduction. Exogenous CoQ supplementation partially recovered cholesterol content, HIF‐1α degradation, and ROS production, whereas only weakly improved the bioenergetic impairment induced by the CoQ depletion. Our data provide new insights on the effect of CoQ depletion and contribute to shed light on the pathogenic mechanisms of ubiquinone deficiency syndrome.
Genetics of digestive efficiency in growing pigs fed a conventional or a high‐fibre diet
Authors: Déru Vanille , Bouquet Alban , Labussière Etienne , Ganier Philippe , Blanchet Benoît , Carillier‐Jacquin Céline , Gilbert Hélène
Published: September 2020

The use of diets with increased dietary fibre content (HF) from alternative feedstuffs is a solution to limit the impact of increased feed costs on pig production. This study aimed at determining the impact of an alternative HF diet on pig digestibility and at estimating genetic parameters of this trait. Digestibility coefficients (DC) of energy, organic matter and nitrogen were predicted from faecal samples analysed with near infrared spectrometry for 1,242 samples, and it represented 654 Large White pigs fed a conventional (CO) diet and 588 fed a HF diet. Growth and feed efficiency traits, carcass composition and meat quality traits were recorded. Pigs fed the HF diet had significantly lower DC than pigs fed the CO diet (−4.5 to 6.0 points). The DC were moderately to highly heritable (about 0.26 ± 0.12 and 0.54 ± 0.15 in the CO and the HF diet, respectively). Genetic correlations were favourable with feed conversion ratio, daily feed intake and residual feed intake, but unfavourable with average daily gain (ADG) and carcass yield (CY). To conclude, DC could be an interesting trait to include in future breeding objectives if pigs were fed diet with HF diets, but adverse genetic trends with ADG and CY would have to be taken into account.
Long non‐coding RNA DLX6‐AS1 mediates proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells by recruiting p300/E2F1 in DLX6 promoter region
Authors: Zhao Hui , Xu Qian
Published: September 2020

Endometrial cancer features abnormal growth of cells of the inner lining of the uterus with the potential to invade to other organs. Accumulating evidence suggests that aberrant expression of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) may facilitate cancer progression. The aim of the present study was to identify the molecular mechanisms of the lncRNA known as DLX6 antisense RNA 1 (DLX6‐AS1) in endometrial cancer. Microarray‐based analysis was utilized to predict expression profile and possible function pattern of DLX6‐AS1 and DLX6 in endometrial cancer, and their expression was quantified in 78 clinically obtained endometrial cancer tissues and also in cell lines. We next assessed the effects of DLX6‐AS1 and DLX6 on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells. A mouse xenograft model was established to confirm DLX6‐AS1 functions and explore its underlying regulatory mechanisms in vivo. DLX6‐AS1 and DLX6 were highly expressed in endometrial cancer tissues and cells, and their silencing weakened the proliferative and invasive abilities of endometrial cancer cells and tumours, while promoting apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations indicated that DLX6‐AS1 formed a triplex structure with DLX6 via interaction with p300/E2F1 acetyltransferase. Thus, we find that functional up‐regulation of DLX6‐AS1 can promote endometrial cancer progression via a novel triplex mechanism that may prove to be great clinical significance for future treatments of endometrial cancer.
Variation in the post‐smolt growth pattern of wild one sea‐winter salmon (Salmo salar L.), and its linkage to surface warming in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Todd Christopher D. , Hanson Nora N. , Boehme Lars , Revie Crawford W. , Marques Ana R.
Published: September 2020

Variation in circulus spacing on the scales of wild Atlantic salmon is indicative of changes in body length growth rate. We analyzed scale circulus spacing during the post‐smolt growth period for adult one sea‐winter salmon (n = 1947) returning to Scotland over the period 1993–2011. The growth pattern of the scales was subjectively and visually categorized according to the occurrence and zonal sequence of three intercirculus spacing criteria (“Slow”, “Fast” and “Check” zones). We applied hierarchical time‐series cluster analysis to the empirical circulus spacing data, followed by post hoc analysis of significant changes in growth patterns within the 20 identified clusters. Temporal changes in growth pattern frequencies showed significant correlation with sea surface temperature anomalies during the early months of the post‐smolt growth season and throughout the Norwegian Sea. Since the turn of the millennium, we observed (a) a marked decrease in the occurrence of continuous Fast growth; (b) increased frequencies of fish showing an extended period of initially Slow growth; and (c) the occurrence of obvious growth Checks or hiatuses. These changes in post‐smolt growth pattern were manifest also in decreases in the mean body length attained by the ocean midwinter, as sea surface temperatures have risen.
Disability Prevention Program Improves Life‐Space and Falls Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Minhui , Xue Qian‐Li , Gitlin Laura N. , Wolff Jennifer L. , Guralnik Jack , Leff Bruce , Szanton Sarah L.
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the effects of a home‐based disability prevention program on life‐space and falls efficacy among low‐income older adults.

DESIGN

Single‐blind two‐arm randomized controlled trial.

SETTING

Participants' homes.

PARTICIPANTS

Participants were low‐income cognitively intact older adults (≥65 years old) with restricted daily activities. Our analytic sample for life‐space (n = 194) and falls efficacy (n = 233) varied as the life‐space measure was introduced 4 months after the trial began.

INTERVENTION

Up to six 1‐hour home visits with an occupational therapist; up to four 1‐hour home visits with a registered nurse; and up to $1,300 worth of home repairs, modifications, and assistive devices with a handyman, during a course of 4 months.

MEASUREMENTS

Life‐space was measured by the Homebound Mobility Assessment; falls efficacy was measured using the 10‐item Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale at baseline and 5 months.

RESULTS

Participants were on average 75 years old, predominantly Black (86%) and female (85%–86%). Compared with participants in the control group, participants receiving the intervention were more likely to have improved versus decreased life‐space in areas of bathroom (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 3.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20–12.97), front or back porch, patio, or deck (adjusted OR = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.05–6.79), stairs (adjusted OR = 4.09; 95% CI = 1.34–12.48), leaving the house for any reason other than for health care (adjusted OR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.01–5.73), and overall life‐space (adjusted OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.10–4.19). Participants who received the intervention also had an 11% improvement in falls efficacy in performing daily activities (exponentiated coefficient = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.04–1.21).

CONCLUSION

Life‐space and falls efficacy were improved through a multicomponent, person‐directed, home‐based disability prevention intervention. Findings suggest that this intervention should be translated into different settings to promote independent aging.
The effects of a job crafting intervention on the success of an organizational change effort in a blue‐collar work environment
Authors: Demerouti Evangelia , Soyer Luc M. A. , Vakola Maria , Xanthopoulou Despoina
Published: September 2020

The current study in a blue‐collar context investigates whether a job crafting intervention may facilitate employee adaptation to organizational change, while decreasing exhaustion and increasing positive attitudes towards change and safety behaviour. It was hypothesized that the intervention would increase job crafting behaviours (i.e., seeking resources, seeking challenges, and optimizing demands) resulting in decreased employee exhaustion, and improved change attitudes and employee safety behaviour (i.e., adherence to organization’s standard operating procedures). The quasi‐experimental study revealed that, after the intervention (consisting of a workshop, four weeks of job crafting implementation, and an evaluative session), employees reported an increase in two of the three trained job crafting strategies (i.e., seeking challenges, optimizing demands). Moreover, those who participated in the intervention reported lower levels of exhaustion, improved cognitive and behavioural attitudes towards change, and increased safety behaviour. The intervention was found to improve the affective, cognitive, and behavioural components of a change attitude due to increases in seeking challenges. Results were similar after controlling for quality information and leadership behaviour during the change. It is concluded that a job crafting intervention and resulting job crafting behaviour can be an effective way to achieve successful adaptation to organizational change.
Effects of age and gender on swallowing activity assessed by electromyography and laryngeal elevation
Authors: Endo Hiroshi , Ohmori Nobuyuki , Chikai Manabu , Miwa Hiroyasu , Ino Shuichi
Published: September 2020

Background

Quantitative assessment of swallowing function is necessary to prevent swallowing impairment due to ageing. Though surface electromyography (EMG) has been widely used to measure swallowing activity, the relationship between EMG results and swallowing function is unclear.

Objective

This study examined the relationship between the temporal characteristics of muscle activity and laryngeal elevation (LE) during swallowing.

Methods

This study analysed 60 healthy volunteers in two age groups (young, between 20 and 38 years; old, between 65 and 75 years), each containing the same number of male and female participants. Surface EMG signals were recorded from the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups (SH‐EMG and IH‐EMG, respectively). LE was measured using an array of pressure sensors. The participants swallowed 3 mL of water under three swallowing speed conditions: fast, normal and slow swallowing. The EMG duration, EMG time intervals before and after the onset of LE (pre‐LE and post‐LE intervals, respectively), and the LE velocity were analysed.

Results

Both EMG duration and the post‐LE interval of IH‐EMG were significantly longer in the older group. As for the gender effect, the pre‐LE interval of SH‐EMG was significantly longer and the LE velocity was significantly higher in men than in women. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between pre‐LE interval and LE velocity in the fast swallowing condition.

Conclusion

Though ageing slightly prolonged the muscle activity time, gender influenced swallowing activity in a more complex manner. Therefore, it is important to take gender into account when examining swallowing function with increasing age.
Treating insomnia in Swiss primary care practices: A survey study based on case vignettes
Authors: Linder Stefanie , Duss Simone B. , Dvořák Charles , Merlo Christoph , Essig Stefan , Tal Kali , Del Giovane Cinzia , Syrogiannouli Lamprini , Heinzer Raphael , Nissen Christoph , Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Auer Reto , Maire Micheline
Published: September 2020

Guidelines recommend cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) as first‐line treatment for chronic insomnia, but it is not clear how many primary care physicians (PCPs) in Switzerland prescribe this treatment. We created a survey that asked PCPs how they would treat chronic insomnia and how much they knew about CBT‐I. The survey included two case vignettes that described patients with chronic insomnia, one with and one without comorbid depression. PCPs also answered general questions about treating chronic insomnia and about CBT‐I and CBT‐I providers. Of the 820 Swiss PCPs we invited, 395 (48%) completed the survey (mean age 54 years; 70% male); 87% of PCPs prescribed sleep hygiene and 65% phytopharmaceuticals for the patient who had only chronic insomnia; 95% prescribed antidepressants for the patient who had comorbid depression. In each case, 20% of PCPs prescribed benzodiazepines or benzodiazepine receptor agonists, 8% prescribed CBT‐I, 68% said they knew little about CBT‐I, and 78% did not know a CBT‐I provider. In the clinical case vignettes, most PCPs treated chronic insomnia with phytopharmaceuticals and sleep hygiene despite their lack of efficacy, but PCPs rarely prescribed CBT‐I, felt they knew little about it, and usually knew no CBT‐I providers. PCPs need more information about the benefits of CBT‐I and local CBT‐I providers and dedicated initiatives to implement CBT‐I in order to reduce the number of patients who are prescribed ineffective or potentially harmful medications.
Global scientific research on social participation of older people from 2000 to 2019: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Fu Jingjing , Jiang Zixiao , Hong Yan , Liu Siqi , Kong Dehui , Zhong Zhu , Luo Yu
Published: September 2020

Background

Social participation is an indicator of successful ageing and important determinant of health outcomes. As more studies have been conducted on social participation of older people, a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the current literature will contribute to a better understanding of the main and novel issues and improve existing geriatric care services in this domain. However, limited bibliometric analysis was employed in this research field. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the research trend and quantitatively and comprehensively characterise the landscapes of publications on social participation of older people via bibliometric analysis methods.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection in January 2020. CiteSpace 5.5.R2 and VOSviewer software packages were used to generate knowledge maps and analyse the publication outputs, countries/regions, institutions, journals, research hot spots and research frontiers.

Results

A total of 7,029 publications between 2000 and 2019 were retrieved, and the publication number per year continues to increase. The United States held a leading position in this research field, and Duke University was the most productive institution. Co‐cited reference cluster analysis and keyword co‐occurrence analysis showed that research hot spots contained factors of healthy ageing, quality of life, psychological problems and health status, especially dementia, function (including cognitive function) and frailty. Burst detection of keywords revealed that social participation, social support, instrumental activity, frailty and loneliness have been new research frontiers since 2015.

Conclusions

By analysing publications over the past 20 years, we found publication trends and characteristics in this field. These findings will hopefully provide new insight into the scientific landscapes and further directions in the study of social participation of older people.

Implications for Practice

Social participation is strongly associated with physical and psychological problems and the well‐being of older people. Related professionals, such as social workers, psychologists, nurses and many other health care practitioners, should raise widespread awareness and concern over research hot spots and frontiers on this topic to promote research knowledge translation and adoption into the practice of caring for older people.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*51:296 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Genebrier Steve , Elsermans Vincent , Texeraud Emeric , Bertrand Gerald , Renac Virginie
Published: September 2020

B*51:296 differs from B*51:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 1030 in exon 6.