bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B - 94 Music in Rehabilitation to Improve Psychomotor Function in Post-Stroke Patients
Authors: Morales Yly , Alcina Jorge , Martinez Jorge Rodriguez
Published: October 2023

Objective

The purpose of this literature review was to explore the effects of incorporating music in the rehabilitation of psychomotor function in post-stroke patients.

Data Selection

A systematic review of the literature was conducted using databases APA PsycNet, ProQuest, PubMed, National Library of Medicine, SpringerLink, Cobimet, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria consisted of articles published in English between 2017 and 2023 examining the correlation of music and improvement of psychomotor function in post-stroke patients. Keywords used were psychomotor function, post-stroke patients, motor rehabilitation, stroke rehabilitation, and neural plasticity. A total number of 14 articles were reviewed, of which 8 articles were retained meeting the aforementioned criteria.

Data Synthesis

Primary findings indicate that music may play a fundamental role in improving functioning of post-stroke patients across various domains, including psychomotor functioning. Neural networks can be stimulated and developed by rhythmic music training. Evidence indicates that music facilitates movement planning and preparation in post-stroke rehabilitation by inducing reward systems and releasing neurotransmitters and hormones (i.e., dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin). Clinical research has suggested that engaging in auditory-motor rehabilitation provides significant improvement to varying qualitative aspects of gait, non-dominant grip strength, fine and gross motor skills, intentional movement accuracy, movement velocity, and facilitates neuroplasticity.

Conclusions

Integrating music into traditional rehabilitation stands to provide a more robust method of psychomotor return for those impacted by cerebrovascular accidents. Further studies may establish if similar neurochemical activation can influence patients undergoing post-stroke rehabilitation who are deaf, as well as if particular music genres are more effective than others.
B - 97 The Occipital Lobe’s Involvement in Trauma and Treatment: a Neuropsychological Perspective
Authors: Naylor Cara , Tozser Timea , Castillo Brandon , Rinehart Kaitlyn , Lee Madeline , WIlliams Julie
Published: October 2023

Objective

Emerging research has demonstrated activation of the occipital lobe and visual pathways during the reexperiencing of traumatic events and hypervigilance. Treatments such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing are efficacious among clients seen after traumatic events occur. This poster explores relationships between the occipital lobe and trauma responses to integrate neuropsychological interventions in treating trauma symptoms.

Data Selection

A literature review was conducted of peer review articles from 1999 to 2023 from ResearchGate, Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Frontiers in Psychology, Journal of EDMR Practice and Research, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Psychological Medicine, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience and Journal of Anxiety Disorders. Informal analyses were used to identify keywords and themes across articles, including occipital lobe, hypervigilance, EMDR, neuropsychology and PTSD.

Data Synthesis

Brain imaging studies show activation in the amygdala and occipital lobe domains during periods of re-experiencing, and high arousal states akin to hypervigilance, which is consistent with the neurocircuitry model of PTSD. Neurological or neuropsychological interventions that target the visual system may also aid in healing from trauma. Treatments such as EMDR effectively utilize the relationship between the brain and behavior to engage the occipital lobe when addressing trauma-related triggers.

Conclusions

The future of neuropsychological research should further explore the occipital lobe’s role in re-experiencing traumatic events and hypervigilance. This collaboration could determine interventions like sensory integration or other occupational therapy interventions focused on improving the daily functioning of individuals with PTSD. Neurorehabilitation interventions focusing on the occipital lobe could improve treatment outcomes in individuals with PTSD.
B - 101 Comparing Working Memory and Verbal Comprehension between Adults with Learning Disabilities in Math Versus Reading
Authors: Rodriguez Czarinah Micah , Tsay Clay , Abinader Melodie L , Golden Charles J
Published: October 2023

Objective

This study uses the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) to compare working memory and verbal comprehension of adults with learning disorders in math (LD-M) and learning disorders in reading (LD-R).

Method

The data were chosen from a de-identified database in the Neuropsychology Assessment Center (NAC) at Nova Southeastern University. The sample chosen consisted of adults with LD-M (N = 37) and LD-R (N = 35). The participants were mostly female (70.8%). The racial background consisted of African Americans (15.3%), Caucasians (48.6%), Latino-Hispanics (25.0%), and Others (11.1%). The mean education of the sample was 13.5 years and the mean age was 30.6. All of the participants were administered the WAIS-IV to evaluate verbal comprehension and working memory.

Results

An independent samples t-test with the Bonferroni correction revealed that LD-M (M = 85) scored significantly lower in working memory (p = 0.03) than LD-R (M = 91) with medium effect size (d = 0.52). However, there were no significant differences in verbal comprehension between LD-M and LD-R.

Conclusion

There were significant differences in working memory between LD-M and LD-R but not in verbal comprehension. LD-R performed better than LD-M in working memory, but LD-M did not perform better in verbal comprehension. The results suggest that although LD-R might have an advantage over LD-M in terms of working memory, LD-M might not necessarily have an advantage over LD-R in terms of verbal comprehension. Keywords: working memory, adults, verbal comprehension, Specific Learning Disorder.
B - 107 Exploratory Analysis of the Relationship between Health Anxiety (HA) and Neuropsychological Performance in a Validity Controlled Sample of Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)
Authors: Turchmanovych-Hienkel Nataliya , Oh Alison , Basurto Karen , VanLandingham Hannah , Jennette Kyle
Published: October 2023

Objective

Since the emergence of COVID-19, research has consistently indicated cognitive difficulties as a primary complaint after infection (Altuna et al., 2021). It is unclear to what extent these cognitive deficits may be attributable to, or exacerbated by, health anxiety (HA) (Venkataramani et al., 2022). This study explored the relationship between HA and cognition in a performance validity controlled sample of patients with PASC complaints.

Methods

Participants included patients referred for a focused neuropsychological evaluation for persistent cognitive complaints after COVID infection (N = 19). Participants were excluded for Test of Memory Malingering scores below standard cutoff. The sample mean age was 43 years (SD = 12.9), 57.9% were female, and 47.4% were from minority racial/ethnic groups. HA was assessed using the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI). Cognitive abilities were measured using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–IV (WAIS-IV: Processing Speed Index [PSI]; Letter–Number Sequencing [LNS]) and Trail Making Test Part-A (TMT-A). Regression analyses were conducted to assess the extent to which HA predicts cognitive performance.

Results

The SHAI main subscale significantly predicted TMT-A [β = −3.93, p < 0.01] and WAIS-IV PSI [β = −4.60, p = 0.04]. The SHAI negative consequences subscale significantly predicted TMT-A [β = −4.64, p = 0.04] and WAIS-IV LNS [β = 0.49, p = 0.048].

Conclusions

Findings suggest that general HA predicted PSI, while fear of negative health outcomes predicted LNS. Basic attention abilities were predicted by global HA. Future studies will benefit from evaluating the moderating effect of HA on the relationship between subjective symptom severity and cognition.
B - 109 Neurorehabilitation in Pediatric Acquired Brain Injuries: the Need for More Evidence Based Research
Authors: Yancey Erin , Williams Julie
Published: October 2023

Objective

Many children after sustaining an acquired brain injury (ABI) have noticeable changes in cognitive functioning (CF) making transitioning back to school difficult (Vanderlind et al., 2022). Neurorehabilitation helping to alleviate difficulties in CF are crucial to helping children succeed in school, however there is limited research on the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation in pediatric ABI’s (Stark et al., 2020). This poster aims to highlight the current literature surrounding neurorehabilitation in pediatric ABI and recommendations for future research.

Data Selection

Literature was obtained using PsychInfo and PubMed and searching keywords such as pediatric ABI, neurorehabilitation, and CF. Selected articles from 2000–2022 were reviewed and main findings were consolidated.

Data Synthesis

Cognitive domains affected after an ABI include memory, executive functioning, and attention (Stark et al., 2020). Programs like AIM, NeuroPage, Captains Log, Cognitive Remediation Program, and MITII have been studied to test their effectiveness in alleviating these cognitive difficulties in pediatric ABI’s (Linden et al., 2018, Wilson et al., 2009, Piovesana et al., 2017, Treble-Barna et al., 2016). According to the literature the only program that showed an improvement in CF was NeuroPage (Wilson et al., 2009).

Conclusions

Research conducted on the efficacy of neurorehabilitation programs for memory, executive functioning, and attention in pediatric ABI’s has shown mixed results. Due to the likelihood of children having difficulties in academic performance after an ABI, it is crucial that psychologists focus on research addressing the efficacy of interventions for these cognitive domains. Future research should focus on creating interventions that successfully target and improve CF in pediatric ABI.
B - 111 The Role of Education, and Advocacy in Repeat Neuropsychological Evaluations of a Spanish Speaking Woman with Anti-LG-1 Encephalitis
Authors: Viruet- Sánchez Esteban , McGinley John , Bronshteyn Diana , Facchini Ronda , Facchini Ronda , Stimmel Marnina , Weiss Erica F
Published: October 2023

Objective

Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 limbic encephalitis (LGI1-LE) is a rare diagnosis but the second most common autoimmune encephalitis. While it has a growing body of neuropsychological literature, there is limited awareness by the lay public about this condition. As with all complex neurological conditions, caregiver/family understanding of the disorder and engagement in treatment is important for optimal recovery and dyad wellbeing. We present the case of a caregiver and patient dyad with confirmed LGI1-LE/ Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel antibodies seen for repeat neuropsychological evaluations to demonstrate the importance of education, advocacy, and multidisciplinary involvement as part of the neuropsychological assessment process.

Method

Repeat neuropsychological evaluations of a 72-year-old Spanish-speaking woman with limited formal education and complex medical history, including past strokes and recent autoimmune encephalitis.

Results

Initial evaluation revealed marked behavioral and cognitive fluctuations/variability with familial frustration secondary to poor understanding by caregiver until neuropsychological feedback session. Repeat evaluation was delayed four weeks due to caregiver factors but demonstrated improvement in global cognition and overall functioning. Follow up, six months later, demonstrated significant cognitive decline and new motoric symptoms with further difficulty coordinating appointments by the caregiver. In addition to assistance with medical management, neuropsychological involvement led to connection to case management, home evaluation, concrete solutions for food insecurity, and cognitive evaluation for the caregiver.

Conclusions

This case adds to LG1-LE literature and demonstrates the importance of neuropsychology not only for disease tracking/ management but also as an important tool for advocacy and patient/caregiver education, specifically in culturally and educationally diverse populations with complex medical conditions.
B - 112 Navigating your Survivorship Journey: Leveraging the Biopsychosocial Model in Conceptualization and Continued Care for Brain Tumor Survivors
Authors: Feeney Kathleen E , Naidoo Reshma B , Rivero-Conil Sara , Khatib Ziad A
Published: October 2023

Objective

A neuropsychological assessment provides a limited snapshot of functioning based on the aperture of the lens selected. The journey of cancer survivorship is complex, requiring navigation of the social and cultural milieu (Carpentieri et al., 2003; Hoffmann-Lamplmair et al., 2023; Hörnquist et al., 2015; Otth et al., 2021). A biopsychosocial model provides a holistic approach to understanding survivorship (Walsh et al., 2016). The case conceptualization of a 17-year-old non-Hispanic Asian male posterior fossa tumor survivor, 13 years post-treatment, will be discussed.

Method

Longitudinal neuropsychological assessment data [2011–2023] were compared to identify neurocognitive late effects associated with chemoradiotherapy. Parent- and self-reports of adaptive, behavioral, and emotional functioning were obtained. The impact of reduced verbal communication and overreliance on parent-reports are compared to self-report and clinical assessment data.

Results

Neurocognitive late effects (executive functioning, processing speed, verbal fluency) were prominent in 2023. Although two extended episodes of atypical behavior emerged in the past year, parent- and self-reports did not indicate any elevated concerns for emotional dysregulation. However, social desirability bias, tendency to underreport emotional symptoms, and an internal negative self-view were significant on self-reports.

Conclusions

Although some changes in functioning could be explained by late effects of treatment (Schreiber et al., 2017), others may be better accounted for by social and cultural factors that impact the conceptualization and acceptance of emotional symptoms (Kim et al., 2013). Acknowledging and disclosing emotional difficulties (Liw et al., 2022), as well as seeking mental health care (Abe-Kim et al., 2007), is culturally mediated and can be both protective and/or limiting.
H - 01 “¿Cómo qué, ¿Cómo qué? ¿Cómo qué?” Single-Language Echolalia in a Bilingual Female with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: a Case Report
Authors: Abdullah Lubnaa , Blanco-Elorrieta Esti , Valdez David
Published: October 2023

Objective

Bilingualism has been associated during brain development with differences in cortical thickness and increased cortical connectivity in areas involved in language production and comprehension (Pilatsikas, et al., 2020). However, much less is known about the role of bilingualism and neurodegeneration. The following case illustrates a neuropsychological profile of a 78-year-old, Mexican American, bilingual female, who, at the 80th minute of her psychiatric interview, displays echolalia, but only in response to Spanish speech. To date, this is the only case report demonstrating single-language echolalia in a bilingual female with progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA) in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).

Methods

The Assessment follows a flexible battery approach.

Results

The patient is diagnosed with PSP with PNFA, as well as depression and anxiety.

Conclusion

Echolalia that manifests in a single language disproves theories suggesting that it is a purely auditory phenomenon and places the focus of the disorder at the phonological retrieval stage. Single-language echolalia in a bilingual individual suggests that either a) language control mechanisms can be selectively impaired, such that only one language is successfully monitored to avoid repeated productions or b) representation of each language in the bi/multilingual brain could be fully independent of each other. Last, there is a question as to what the exact step of neurodegeneration could lead to this phenomenon. In all, a detailed analysis of this and other cases could shed light on what patterns of language loss could be expected in multilingual individuals and what language background and neurodegenerative factors contribute to such pattern during aging.
H - 03 Modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline in Hispanic Elders: a Literature Review
Authors: Alcina Jorge , Guevara Linda Rios , Duarte Andres , Villafana Mei-Ling , Gonzalez Dayron , Haddock Yanelee Perez
Published: October 2023

Objective

This systematic literature review aimed to explore the association of modifiable risk factors and cognitive decline in Hispanic elders.

Data Selection

Peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2013 and 2023, in English, were searched using databases Google Scholar, Medline, PsychINFO, and PsychARTICLES. Keywords entailed cognitive decline, dementia, elderly, Hispanic, and Latino/a/x. The initial search yielded 21 articles, of which eight were retained. Excluded from this study were literature reviews, meta-analyses, case studies, and any non-peer-reviewed articles.

Data Synthesis

All articles retained identified modifiable risk factors associated with cognitive decline and dementia in Hispanics. Two articles solely contained samples of Hispanics without other ethnic groups, while six comprised combined samples. Most prevalent modifiable risk factors included low levels of education, low socioeconomic status (SES), lack of access to healthcare, unmarried status, unhealthy lifestyle habits (e.g., poor diet, smoking, physical inactivity), midlife obesity, diabetes, hypertension, depression, and hearing loss. These factors conveyed different levels of risk for Hispanic individuals.

Conclusions

The literature on modifiable risk factors linked to cognitive decline in Hispanics paralleled similar literature on other ethnic groups. For Hispanics and other racial/ethnic minorities, factors like low educational level and low SES (closely related to cognitive impairment) warrant modification at local, state, and national levels. All factors identified represent targets of intervention which, long-term, will likely be related to increased duration and quality of life, and reduced medical costs. Limitations of the present study include scarce empirical studies on the topic, as well as lack of delineation of regional and subgroup differences among Hispanic populations.
H - 05 Non-Pharmacological Treatment for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Expanding Diversity into Clinical Practice and Research
Authors: Azar Martina , Arias Franchesca , Stelmokas Julija
Published: October 2023

Objective

Numerous non-pharmacological treatments (NPT) have been developed for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (Bahar-Fuchs, Mowszowski, Lautenschlager, & Cox, 2021). Two forms of NPTs, namely cognitive rehabilitation (CR) and cognitive training (CT) may demonstrate cognitive benefit, but there remain significant methodological challenges in the field (Barban et al., 2016; McPhee, Downey & Stough, 2019; Sherman et al., 2020). One such limitation is the contribution of cultural and demographic factors to study outcome heterogeneity. Our goal was to highlight examples of select culturally informed NPTs and provide recommendations to expand diversity into clinical practice and research.

Data Selection

Discussed results and limitations of recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews that focused on NPTs for MCI in older adults. We completed a review of culturally informed NPTs from the past two years. Clinician experiences informed the inclusion of additional diversity variables (e.g., methodological, demographic, social, systemic) that could be integrated into clinical practice and research.

Data Synthesis

There is a paucity of research considering cultural and demographic factors when delivering NPTs. Results of culturally informed CR or CT highlighted themes in the adaptation of language, cognition, function, diet, and physical activity. Additional provider, patient, and systemic factors can be considered to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI).

Conclusions

Culturally informed NPTs are understudied. Practical recommendations for US-based clinicians and researchers are provided that could increase access/recruitment, retention, and outcome in CT and CR for diverse populations.
H - 06 Associations between Non-verbal Reasoning Abilities and Brain Pathology in a Colombian Cohort with Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Badillo Cabrera Alex L , Baena Ana , Martinez Jairo , Bocanegra Yamile , Castelar Clara Vila , Lopera Francisco , Quiroz Yakeel
Published: October 2023

Objective

Declines in non-verbal reasoning abilities have been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (ad) progression. Individuals with autosomal dominant ad (ADAD) are genetically determined to develop early-onset dementia. We examined the relation between non-verbal reasoning abilities and brain pathology in a Colombian cohort with ADAD due to the Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation.

Method

A total of 25 carriers of the PSEN1 E280A mutation (16 cognitively-unimpaired carriers [x- age = 35.25 +/− 4.04]; 9 with mildly impaired (age = 45.56 +/− 2.60), and 27 non-carriers (age = 36.11 +/− 5.59) were included. A summary non-verbal reasoning score was calculated from performance on the Judgment of Line Orientation and the Spanish WAIS-IV Matrix Reasoning and Visual Puzzles subtests. Participants also completed the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and underwent amyloid and tau PET imaging. Mann–Whitney U test and education-adjusted Spearman partial correlations were used to examine group differences and associations between pathology levels and non-verbal reasoning.

Results

Compared to carriers, non-carriers had higher MMSE and non-verbal reasoning scores (p = 0.006). In carriers only, lower non-verbal reasoning was associated with greater mean cortical amyloid (r = −0.427, p = 0.037) and greater precuneus tau (r = −0.516, p = 0.010). No significant associations were observed after excluding the impaired carriers from the analyses.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that changes in non-verbal reasoning abilities are evident in early symptomatic ADAD stages and are related to ad brain pathology. Future longitudinal work is needed to characterize the progression of non-verbal reasoning deficits in ADAD. Future research should also examine performance between older adults and people at risk for sporadic ad.
H - 09 Neighborhood Disadvantage, Education Quality, and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Black and White Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Hunter Jennifer M , Grant Jeremy G , Perez-Lao Ambar , Adrien Tamare , Adler Tessa , Ali Hana , Levy Shellie-Anne
Published: October 2023

Objective

Low education quality is a risk factor for late-life cognitive decline and is often associated with living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhood, particularly among racialized older adults. This study examined the relationships among neighborhood disadvantage, education quality, and cognitive function from a larger pilot study of older adults at risk for cognitive decline due to metabolic syndrome.

Participants and Methods

Participants were 46 older adults (64.0% women, 39.1% Black, mean age = 72.4 years) who completed a neuropsychological assessment, including measures of speeded word generation (NACC Verbal Fluency Test) and problem-solving (WCST-64). Education quality was estimated via word recognition (WRAT-IV Word Reading). Neighborhood disadvantage was examined using the Area Deprivation Index.

Results

Greater neighborhood disadvantage was associated with fewer years of education, lower education quality, and lower performance on word generation and problem-solving. Mediation analyses indicated that the direct effect of neighborhood disadvantage on word generation was not significant, whereas the indirect effect mediated by education quality was significant (b = −0.180, t = −2.684). The total effect of neighborhood disadvantage on problem solving was significant (b = −0.134, p = 0.027), but the direct and indirect effects were not.

Conclusions

Neighborhood disadvantage was selectively associated with cognitive measures heavily influenced by executive function, namely using an efficient word generation strategy, and incorporating feedback to guide problem-solving. However, the effect of neighborhood disadvantage on cognition may be best explained by its association with reduced education quality. Neighborhood disadvantage can be a modifiable risk factor through improved education quality to mitigate risk of cognitive decline.
H - 13 Examining the Cultural Sensitivity of a Novel Neuropsychological Assessment in Distinguishing between Cognitively Unimpaired (CU) and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) in Hispanic Older Adults
Authors: Sosa Jaylene , Bosworth Brooke , Ramirez Sofia , Crenshaw Kirsten , Ortega Alexandra , Hincapie Diana , Zheng Diane , Neer Emory , Cid Rosie Curiel , Loewenstein David
Published: October 2023

Objective

Common neuropsychological measures are not sensitive in capturing early cognitive changes associated with prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease (ad) and vary across cultural groups. The Cognitive Stress Test (CST) is a novel assessment with high levels of sensitivity and specificity that measures maximum learning, proactive interference (PSI), retroactive interference, and the ability to recover from PSI (FrPSI). Authors evaluated the utility of the CST in distinguishing between aMCI versus CU Hispanic older adults.

Method

18 aMCI and 15 CU older adults (mean age = 73.06; SD = 7.94, 42.4% male) were compared using the CST. Participants were categorized into the aforementioned groups using the Clinical Dementia Rating and results of neuropsychological evaluation. CST was not used in categorization to avoid circularity. CST includes the presentation of 18 target words from two semantically related wordlists (occupations, household items, and transportation) and assesses FrPSI over repeated trials.

Results

Data was analyzed utilizing an ROC curve to measure differences between CU and aMCI. The ROC curve demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.92, indicating that PSI was significant in differentiating participants. Findings suggest that PSI may be an early feature of aMCI groups who are at higher risk of progression to clinical ad.

Conclusions

The CST was deemed to be an effective and culturally sensitive memory measurement tool among Hispanic older adults. In future studies, this paradigm may be particularly useful in deconstructing cognitive processes that can be compared to structural and functional MRI, amyloid and tau PET imaging, and emerging plasma biomarkers of ad.
H - 14 Psychometric Properties of the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale in Hispanic-Latinx Communities: a Systematic Review
Authors: Monserratt Lorena H , Morales Jessica A , Ovalle-Eliseo Stephanie , Mohammed Aisha , Islas-Huerta Gabriela , Díaz-Santos Mirella
Published: October 2023

Objective

To systematically review the literature on the psychometric properties of the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale among Hispanic-Latinx communities.

Data Selection

We searched multiple cross-disciplinary databases from January 1970 until April 2023 for relevant papers written in English and Spanish. We used the following terms: (1) Clinical Dementia Rating, (2) validity, (3) reliability, (4) psychometric, (5) Hispanic, (6) Latinos or Latinx, (7) outcome measures, (8) Spanish language, and (9) Alzheimer’s disease.

Data Synthesis

We found 609 studies with 56 eligible studies. Only 5 studies examined psychometric properties of the CDR in Hispanic-Latinx communities. Each study implemented divergent study designs. Of the 5 selected studies, one study evaluated the validity of the CDR Sum of Boxes among 1073 Mexican Americans. A second study evaluated the CDR’s test–retest reliability and internal consistency among 94 Spanish speaking participants from the United States. The third study examined the validity of the CDR Sum of Boxes among 343 Brazilians living in Brazil. A fourth study assessed the CDR Sum of Boxes sensitivity and specificity among 407 Brazilians living in Brazil, whereas a fifth study evaluated the validity of a Portuguese CDR version on 424 Brazilians living in Brazil.

Conclusions

Our systematic review revealed limited studies examining the validation of the CDR in the Hispanic-Latinx communities. The limited number of studies raises concerns about versions of the CDR scale implemented in ad clinical trials, and its implications to study results, interpretation, and generalizability of findings.
H - 16 Providing Care to Spanish-Speaking Families in an Autism Clinic: Insights from Bilingual Spanish-English Speaking Trainees
Authors: Cabrales Adriana , Saenz Monica Garza , Cartwright Julia E
Published: October 2023

Objective

Bilingual trainees at the Center for Autism Care (CAC) present insights from working with Spanish-speaking families with the integration of an interpreter during an autism evaluation.

Method

Two Spanish-English speaking clinical psychology trainees observed evaluations conducted by the supervising psychologist via Spanish-English interpreters. Trainees gathered observational data through a frequency count of interpretation difficulties within the course of six evaluations for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) thus far. The observations included an interpreter who frequently works at CAC and other professional interpreters who serve Children’s Health clinics. A frequency count for type of error and content of error was collected within evaluations supported by various interpreters.

Results

A total of 41 errors in interpretation were observed across six autism evaluations during consent, interview, and feedback. Errors were categorized into types of errors (e.g., truncated message, incorrect interpretation, direct question from family, and direct clarification from interpreter) and content of errors (e.g., routines, restricted and repetitive behaviors, social communication, and comorbid diagnoses). 68.3% of interpretation errors included semantic content specific to ASD or discussion of comorbid diagnoses. 44% of interpretation errors consisted of a message being truncated.

Conclusion(s)

Findings indicate that the bulk of interpretation errors occurred when interpreting autism-specific terms. Despite limited encounters, our observations indicate that interpretation of patient-specific information, including specialized diagnostic details of ASD, is most susceptible to misinterpretation. Future directions may include exploring the utility of a handout to support interpreter knowledge of specialized terms to ensure Spanish-speaking families receive optimal care.
H - 17 Neuropsychological Assessment in Rare Pediatric Neurogenetic Disorders: Considerations for Clinical Research
Authors: Dorsman Karen A , MacDonald Beatriz , Messahel Souad , Horton Daniel , Edgar Veronica Bordes
Published: October 2023

Objective

Approximately 80% of rare diseases in childhood have a genetic cause. Neuropsychological assessments offer a greater understanding of the clinical presentation and trajectory of neurogenetic disorders. Given the rarity of the conditions, the limited funding allocated to study psychosocial factors, the diversity within the patient populations (e.g., country of origin, clinical phenotypes), and the limitations of our tools, there are no clear guidelines for evaluations. We aim to present a systematic approach to create assessment protocols that track disease progression and/or efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

Method

Our gene therapy program has created nine assessment protocols to evaluate conditions ranging from epileptic encephalopathies, lysosomal storage, neuromuscular, and mitochondrial diseases. Through review of past protocols, we created a neuropsychological assessment selection checklist (NASC) and standard operating procedure (SOP) checklist.

Results

The NASC systematizes updated multidisciplinary disease knowledge and relevant desirable outcomes (e.g., cognitive, motor, quality of life). Cultural elements (e.g., beliefs around health, disease, testing) and necessary accommodations (e.g., interpreters, sensory impairments) must be considered. Additional sociocultural and socioeconomic information of the sample is germane not only to contextualize results but also to help narrow possible tools. The SOP aims to increase standardization (e.g., starting points) and maximize use of the data collected (e.g., deferment reasons.)

Conclusions

Neuropsychological assessments offer a wealth of cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and adaptive functioning data that is crucial to better understand the progression and treatment of rare neurogenetic diseases. Cultural considerations and in-depth clinical and assessment skills are essential to creating evaluation protocols that are valid, useful, and comprehensive.
H - 18 Mindfulness-Based Interventions for ADHD in Latinx Children: Opportunities for Culturally Informed Treatment
Authors: Saenz Monica Garza , Wer Beatriz MacDonald , Bar Sari , Greenwald Ellen , El-Behadli Ana , Adams Richard , Edgar Veronica Bordes
Published: October 2023

Objective

This literature review examines the current understanding of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) as treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children residing in United States (U.S), with a particular focus on research available for Latinx children.

Data Selection

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in February 2023 using four databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, OVID, and Scopus) to identify studies conducted in the U.S. that investigated the use of MBIs for the treatment of ADHD symptoms in school-aged children. The search was limited to studies conducted within the U.S., included participants aged 8 to 12, and specified ADHD as the primary diagnosis. The search terms used included mindfulness, meditation, MBSR, MBCT, children, school-aged, child, ADHD, and attention deficit disorder. The search yielded 155 studies, of which, five were included in the final review.

Data Synthesis

The reviewed studies suggest that MBIs have the potential to improve attention span, reduce ADHD symptoms, and address associated problems such as reducing stress in children with ADHD. However, the number of studies conducted in the U.S. is limited, with none delivered in Spanish.

Conclusions

MBIs show promise for managing ADHD symptoms in children. However, limited research on MBIs with Latinx populations in the US highlights a significant gap in the literature. There is a crucial need for more studies investigating the efficacy of MBIs with diverse populations, especially Spanish-speaking Latinx children who are underrepresented. Researchers must prioritize developing culturally-sensitive MBIs that can be adapted and delivered in Spanish to reduce disparities in access to evidence-based treatments for ADHD.
H - 20 Barreras En El Diagnóstico Temprano Del Trastorno Del Espectro Autista En Féminas De 2 a 17 Años. Una Revisión Sistemática.
Authors: Lassalle-Pérez Awilda , Guzmán-Millán Rebeca , Ocasio-Quiñonez Idanara T
Published: October 2023

Objetivo

Estudio dirigido a identificar las posibles diferencias de sexo en la presentación y diagnóstico del Trastorno Del Espectro Autista (TEA). El TEA es un desorden del neurodesarrollo, con el cual uno de cada 44 niños/as es diagnosticado en Estados Unidos. Se estima que los niños presentan una probabilidad mayor de ser diagnosticados que las niñas.

Selección de Data

Se realizó una revisión sistemática para conocer las barreras en el diagnóstico temprano del TEA en féminas de 2 a 17 años. Ésta se limitó a revisiones de literatura, estudios descriptivos y transeccionales, entre los años 2019–2023. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de PubMed, ResearchGate, y Google Scholar, para los meses de enero a abril del 2023. Se utilizaron los siguientes términos “autismo, féminas, señales tempranas, niñez temprana”. Se identificaron 93,516 artículos, luego del proceso de filtración se evaluaron 20 y 4 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se analizaron los detalles de publicación, constructo, muestra, medidas de análisis y diagnóstico. El avalúo de calidad se realizó utilizando las guías de QUADAS-2.

Síntesis de Data

La búsqueda arrojó una muestra de 4 artículos sobre las barreras y diferencias de sexo en el TEA y diagnóstico temprano. Se identificaron 4 temas principales basados en la neurociencia, como atención social, percepción táctil y funcionamiento cerebral.

Conclusión

Se evidenciaron diferencias significativas por sexo en síntomas y procesos cerebrales, que aportan a la teoría de un fenotipo femenino del TEA. Estos estudios son de carácter exploratorio y se requiere investigación empírica representativa para lograr conclusiones significativas.
H - 22 Misdiagnosing Conduct Disorder in Hispanic and Latino Populations
Authors: Rios Guevara Linda V , Alcina Jorge , Villafana Mei-Ling , Duarte Andres , Perez-Haddock Yanelee , Gonzalez Dayron
Published: October 2023

Objective

The systematic review aimed to understand and provide insight into the misdiagnosis of conduct disorder (CD) among Hispanic and Latino populations.

Method

A systematic review of current literature on Hispanic or Latino children diagnosed with CD was conducted from 2019 to 2023. Peer-reviewed empirical studies in English and Spanish were obtained through Google Scholar, PubMed, PsyArticles, Semantic Scholar, and PsychInfo, using keywords conduct disorder, Latinos, Hispanics, and ethnic minorities. The initial search yielded 50 articles, of which 8 were retained.

Results

The literature presented a combination of 3488 participants aged between 5 and 18 years of age originating from various Hispanic and Latin American countries who participated in multimodal intervention approaches following psychodiagnostics testing, followed by a CD diagnosis. Such interventions included cognitive testing, computer or web-based testing, parental reports, and clinical interviews. While the sex of participants was not recorded throughout all studies, one study reported a higher prevalence of boys diagnosed with CD compared to girls, with 136 boys and 76 girls. Overall, mixed rates of prevalence and misdiagnoses of CD were found for Hispanic children in the literature.

Conclusions

While the literature has demonstrated that many Hispanic and Latino children have been diagnosed with CD, it fails to address the implementation of cultural implications prior to making the diagnosis. Limitations of the present review include that children diagnosed with CD were tested in English rather than their native tongue, leaving room for inadequate test interpretation and diagnosis.
H - 23 Post-Concussive Symptom Severity and Mental Health Status in Hispanic or Latine Youth: Implications for Generalizability
Authors: Winstone-Weide Laura K , Gettig Kelly , Mooney Kimberly , Austin Cynthia A
Published: October 2023

Objective

Previous analysis in a pediatric sample demonstrated that pre-injury anxiety/depression significantly predicted post-concussive symptom severity and longer time to recovery. The current study investigated the reproducibility of results using a sample who identified as Hispanic or Latine (H/L).

Method

Participants were a subsample of H/L youths (n = 443) from an outpatient mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)/concussion program (June 2017 – present). Eligibility criteria included: 1) mTBI (GCS ≥ 13) and 2) 5–17 years of age. Families self-reported on youth’s pre-injury anxiety/depression symptoms and history of psychotherapy. Concussion symptoms were measured via the Post-Concussive Symptom Inventory (PCSI) at each visit. Regression analysis controlled for baseline symptoms, days since injury, and age.

Results

Youths (M age = 13.13; SD = 3.21) with pre-injury anxiety/depression reported significantly higher PCSI scores at baseline (t(98) = −6.90, p < 0.001) and visit 1 (t(123) = −6.39, p = 0.002). They also took significantly longer to receive clearance for high risk activities (t(85) = −3.71, p < 0.001) than those without pre-injury anxiety/depression. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that history of psychotherapy significantly predicted higher PCSI scores at visit 1 after controlling for aforementioned covariates (ꞵ = 9.95, S.E. = 3.25, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Consistent with previous findings, H/L youth with pre-concussion anxiety/depression reported higher symptoms and longer recovery time. However, the strongest predictor of symptoms for H/L youth was history of therapy, instead of anxiety/depression in the general sample. Variability in the strength of predictors warrants additional investigation and clinical attention to race/ethnicity to avoid overgeneralization.
H - 25 A Pilot Study of Coping and Cognition: Examining the Influence of Executive Functioning on Coping Strategies among Diverse Persons Living with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Arbelaez Odalys , Román Cristina A F
Published: October 2023

Objective

Coping style has been identified as a potential strategy to lessen the impact of negative symptoms in persons with MS (pwMS). Prior work demonstrates that individuals with executive dysfunction are less likely to use effective coping strategies. Much remains unknown about the relationship between executive functioning (EF) and coping style, however, especially in diverse pwMS. The current pilot study aims to examine this relationship further.

Methods

Eighteen middle aged pwMS (10 = Latino/a, 6 = African American, 1 = Asian, 1 = Biracial) underwent evaluations for EF and coping styles. EF was assessed using the Stroop Color-Word (SCW), Oral Trail Making Test B, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test. Coping was assessed using the three subscales of the Brief-COPE: problem-focused, positive emotion-focused, and avoidant coping.

Results

Given the small sample size, data were interpreted in terms of effect size rather than p-values. Bivariate correlations were conducted between each EF test and coping subscale. Results demonstrated a medium-high effect size (r = 0.447) between SCW and problem-focused coping, such that better performance on the SCW was associated with greater problem-focused coping. Similarly, there was a moderate effect size (r = 0.326) between SCW and positive emotion-focused coping, with better performance on SCW related to greater positive emotion-focused coping. There were no notable relationships between EF and avoidant coping.

Conclusions

This study is among the first to demonstrate a relationship between EF and coping style in a sample of diverse pwMS. These results have implications for interventions that may improve coping, particularly among diverse groups who face unique challenges in coping with their disease.
H - 26 Cognitive Functioning Following Bariatric Surgery in a Bilingual, Spanish, and English – Speaking, Patient: a Case Study
Authors: Picanso Nicholas , Arias Franchesca
Published: October 2023

Objective

Overall, 256,000 bariatric surgeries were completed in the United States in 2019 (ASMBS, 2023). Bariatric surgeries are effective in reducing morbidity, prolonging life, and improving cognition, particularly among patients with BMI >40 and those with BMI >35 and obesity-related complications (Handley et al., 2016; Cornejo-Pareja et al., 2021). Nevertheless, up to 16% of patients undergoing bariatric procedures experience neurological sequelae (Thaisetthawatku et al., 2004) that is likely secondary to surgery-related nutritional deficiencies (Gasmi et al., 2022). Although neuropsychological assessments may help to identify postsurgical cognitive changes, cultural and linguistic differences may preclude reliable and valid assessment of non-native English-speaking persons.

Method

A Spanish-dominant 38-year-old, right-handed, female reported diminished attention, reduced thinking speed, and memory difficulties that were interfering with her daily functioning. She completed a thorough Clinical Interview (both individually and with collaterals), Record Review, and a comprehensive neuropsychological workup.

Results

She demonstrated multi-domain impairment (>1.5 S.D. below the normative mean), suggesting a possible dementia or encephalopathy. When her cognitive profile was interpreted in the context of her medical history, further testing was recommended to rule out reversible etiologies. Interdisciplinary collaborations with primary care and gastroenterology revealed nutritional deficiencies that had persisted for over 18 months after bariatric surgery and that were not fully resolved with regular oral vitamin consumption.

Conclusions

Cultural and linguistic differences were relevant when assessing cognitive changes in non-native English-speaking persons, and in helping to determine whether pharmacological and behavioral interventions are ameliorating these complications. Practical considerations of these high-stakes assessments will be discussed from neuropsychological, psychosocial, and ethical perspectives.
H - 28 Assessment Following Acquired Injury to the Bilingual Brain: La Importancia De Los Determinantes Sociales De La Salud
Authors: Chiang Jenna A , Winstone-Weide Laura K , DeLeon Rosario C , Ball Kayleen S
Published: October 2023

Objective

Given the growth of Latine populations in the U.S., variations in language fluency, educational attainment, quality of academic exposure, and access to medical care are essential social determinants of health to consider when assessing language in first generation immigrants, as illustrated through the following case study.

Method

A 17-year-old, Spanish-dominant, right-handed, Latina female with right frontoparietal stroke in the setting of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) was referred for neuropsychological evaluation one year following two consecutive gamma knife procedures. Complications included seizures (well-managed with Vimpat) and cerebral edema (treated with prolonged, high-dose Dexamethasone) followed by iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome. Brain MRI/CT were consistent with ruptured right frontoparietal AVM and vasogenic edema. Patient was a sequential language learner; education was received in Spanish until immigration from Colombia to the U.S. two years prior to injury. Parents completed higher education in Colombia.

Results

Consistent with stroke location/associated treatments, results indicated a mild neurocognitive disorder with deficits in cognitive efficiency, executive functioning (particularly on visual-based tasks), and memory. Academic skills also aligned with AVM (word reading: high average; reading comprehension: average; calculation: below average). Interestingly, even in the context of high parental education and dual language learner status, personal weaknesses in native language were identified (one-word expression: low average; semantic verbal fluency: below average).

Conclusions

Integrating sociocultural demographic factors into the neuropsychological evaluation process supports a culturally-informed assessment approach and is imperative for practice with multilingual speakers. In this case, language concerns may have indicated premorbid weakness or right-sided/bilateral hemispheric language involvement, warranting follow-up fMRI/language mapping prior to further intervention.