bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical pharmacy in onco-hematology and bone marrow transplant: A valuable contribution to improving patient safety
Authors: Visacri Marília B , Tavares Mariane GR , Barbosa Cristina R , Duarte Natalia C , Moriel Patricia
Published: July 2020

Introduction

It is known that clinical pharmacists intercept prescribing errors and contribute to patient safety in several medical specialties. The aim of this study was to identify, quantify and classify prescribing errors and pharmacist interventions carried out in onco-hematology and bone marrow transplant inpatient units.

Methods

This was a prospective and quantitative study, conducted from February 2018 to July 2018 in onco-hematology and bone marrow transplant inpatient units of a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. A pharmacist detected prescribing errors and performed interventions. The type and incidence of prescribing errors, error severity, type of pharmacist interventions, potential impact of interventions in patient care, and intervention acceptance rates were evaluated.

Results

A total of 1172 prescriptions were evaluated, 9% of them contained errors (total of 135 errors), and the most common error was related to prescribing the wrong dose (31.8%). Wrong dose and omission of drug were the two most frequent errors in onco-hematology, while wrong dose followed by inappropriate dilution were the most frequent in bone marrow transplantation. The pharmacist performed 135 interventions and the most common intervention was related to the treatment regimen (41.5%). Serious errors and very significant pharmacist interventions were the most frequent in both inpatient units. The acceptance rate of pharmacist interventions was high (90%).

Conclusions

Clinical pharmacy improves patient safety and quality of care in onco-hematology and bone marrow transplant inpatient units.
Influence of low water activity on the thermal resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis PT30 and Enterococcus faecium as its surrogate in egg powders
Authors: Pérez-Reyes Marco E , Jie Xu , Zhu Mei-Jun , Tang Juming , Barbosa-Cánovas Gustavo V
Published: July 2020

Egg powders are increasingly popular ingredients, due to their functionality and compactness, in industrial food production and preparation at homes. However, there is a lack of studies that evaluate the thermal resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis PT30 and its potential surrogate Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 in egg powders. This study examined the log-linear relationship between the thermal resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis (D-value) and the water activity (aw) of egg powders. The changes of aw in the egg powders with temperature were measured using a Vapor Sorption Analyzer and a high-temperature cell. The D80 ℃-value of S. Enteritidis PT30 and E. faecium inoculated in the egg powders preconditioned to three aw levels (0.3, 0.45, and 0.6) at 20 ℃ were determined using aluminum thermal death test cells. The aw values increased (P < 0.05) in all three egg powders when the temperature of the samples was raised from room temperature to 80 ℃. The D80 ℃-values ranged from 5.3 ± 0.1 to 25.9 ± 0.2 min for S. Enteritidis while 10.4 ± 0.4 to 43.8 ± 0.4 for E. faecium in samples of the three different aw levels. S. Enteritidis PT30 showed a log-linear relationship between D80 ℃-values and aw80 ℃ for the egg powders. This study contributes to our understanding of the impact of aw on the development of thermal treatments for low-moisture foods.
Teaching Mobile Device-Based Leisure to Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Nepo Kaori , Tincani Matt , Axelrod Saul
Published: July 2020

The use of mobile devices has become a major medium of leisure engagement for the general population. However, individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience disparities in technology access, which may limit their engagement in mobile device-based leisure. Little research has examined procedures for teaching individuals with ID to engage in leisure activities with technology. Employing an iPad2, the present study examined the effects of an intervention package with most-to-least prompting on independent leisure engagement of six adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ID. In addition, the impact of teaching visual schedule use to increase their independence in leisure engagement was assessed. Results indicated that the interventions were effective in increasing the participants’ independent leisure engagement and their duration of leisure engagement. Caregivers reported high degrees of satisfaction with the interventions.
Acute Inhalation Toxicity After Inhalation of ZnO Nanoparticles: Lung Surfactant Function Inhibition In Vitro Correlates With Reduced Tidal Volume in Mice
Authors: Larsen Søren T. , Da Silva Emilie , Hansen Jitka S. , Jensen Alexander C. Ø. , Koponen Ismo K. , Sørli Jorid B.
Published: July 2020

People can be exposed to zinc oxide (ZnO) by inhalation of consumer products or during industrial processes. Zinc oxide nanoparticle (NP) exposure can induce acute inhalation toxicity. The toxicological mechanisms underlying the acute effects on the lungs have long focused on the phagolysosomal dissolution of ZnO NPs in macrophages followed by the release of free Zn2+ ions. However, we postulate an alternative mechanism based on the direct interaction of ZnO NPs with the lung surfactant (LS) layer covering the inside of the alveoli. Therefore, we tested the effect of ZnO NPs and Zn2+ ions on the function of LS in vitro using the constrained drop surfactometer. We found that the ZnO NPs inhibited the LS function, whereas Zn2+ ions did not. To examine the role of lung macrophages in the acute toxicity of inhaled ZnO NPs, mice were treated with Clodrosome, a drug that depletes alveolar macrophages, or Encapsome, the empty carrier of the drug. After macrophage depletion, the mice were exposed to an aerosol of ZnO NPs in whole body plethysmographs recording breathing patterns continuously. Mice in both groups developed shallow breathing (reduced tidal volume) shortly after the onset of exposure to ZnO NPs. This suggests a macrophage-independent mechanism of induction. This study shows that acute inhalation toxicity is caused by ZnO NP interaction with LS, independently of NP dissolution in macrophages.
Attitudes of the Local Population in Border Municipalities on Development of Sport-Event Tourism
Authors: Marković Slobodanka S. , Perić Marija R. , Mijatov Maja B. , Dragin Aleksandra S. , Doljak Dejan Lj.
Published: July 2020

This article is focused on attitudes of the local population within the border municipalities in the Euroregion “Drina-Sava-Majevica,” on the further development of sport-event tourism. The survey research obtained a sample of 238 respondents. Collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS (21.0). Analysis of categorical variables (Chi-square test) and coefficients of correlation, together with descriptive statistics, indicated that the local community has reliable attitudes on potentials for development of sport-events, as well as the most popular “Drinska regatta.” However, members of the local community still do not recognize possibilities of using tourism resources for gaining personal and community-wide benefits. Therefore, efforts aimed at further tourism development within the researched border municipalities should be valorized and adequately represented in the tourism market in cooperation with the local population.
A Microbial Relationship Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Perez Nicole B. , Wright Fay , Vorderstrasse Allison
Published: July 2020

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with depressive symptoms, but this relationship is poorly understood. Emerging research suggests that gut microbes are associated with symptoms in persons with IBS. The purpose of this integrative review is to describe the state of the science of the microbial relationship between IBS and depressive symptoms. PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched using “irritable bowel syndrome,” “microbiome,” “depression,” and related terms. Included articles were published in peer reviewed journals in English from 2009 to 2018. Studies on inflammatory bowel conditions, extra-intestinal microbiomes, or animal models were excluded. Fourteen quantitative studies met inclusion criteria, were critically appraised, and were analyzed using the Whittemore and Knafl method. Analysis revealed a consistently lower microbial biodiversity and lower proportions of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in persons with IBS and co-occurring depressive symptoms. Inclusion of participants with moderate or greater depressive symptoms scores distinguished the studies which reported microbe differences in depressive symptoms. The results of this integrative review underscore the need for studies with larger samples and inclusion of a larger range of depressive symptoms guided by an overarching conceptual framework, such as the biopsychosocial ecology framework. This effort needs to be combined with longitudinal designs in order to identify related microbial markers.
Serum Coenzyme Q10 Levels are Decreased in Critically-Ill Septic Patients: Results From a Preliminary Study
Authors: Vassiliou Alice G. , Mastora Zafeiria , Jahaj Edison , Keskinidou Chrysi , Pratikaki Maria E. , Kampisiouli Efstathia , Orfanos Stylianos E. , Kotanidou Anastasia , Dimopoulou Ioanna
Published: July 2020

Background:

The increased oxidative stress resulting from the inflammatory responses in sepsis initiates changes in mitochondrial function which may result in organ damage, the most common cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU). Deficiency of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a key cofactor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, could potentially disturb mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress, and may serve as a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, we aimed to investigate in initially non-septic patients whether CoQ10 levels are decreased in sepsis and septic shock compared to ICU admission, and to evaluate its associations with severity scores, inflammatory biomarkers, and ICU outcomes.

Methods:

Observational retrospective analysis on 86 mechanically-ventilated, initially non-septic, ICU patients. CoQ10 was sequentially measured on ICU admission, sepsis, septic shock or at ICU discharge. CoQ10 was additionally measured in 25 healthy controls. Inflammatory biomarkers were determined at baseline and sepsis.

Results:

On admission, ICU patients who developed sepsis had lower CoQ10 levels compared to healthy controls (0.89 vs. 1.04 µg/ml, p < 0.05), while at sepsis and septic shock CoQ10 levels decreased further (0.63 µg/ml; p < 0.001 and 0.42 µg/ml; p < 0.0001, respectively, from admission). In ICU patients who did not develop sepsis, admission CoQ10 levels were also lower than healthy subjects (0.81 µg/ml; p < 0.001) and were maintained at the same levels until discharge.

Conclusion:

CoQ10 levels in critically-ill patients are low on ICU admission compared to healthy controls and exhibit a further decrease in sepsis and septic shock. These results suggest that sepsis severity leads to CoQ10 depletion.
Evolution of corneal flattening after repeated corneal cross-linking during a 6-year follow-up
Authors: Grentzelos Michael A , Voulgari Nafsika , Giacuzzo Clarice , Droutsas Konstantinos , Kymionis George D
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

To report the evolution of corneal flattening after repeated corneal cross-linking (CXL) in a patient with progressive keratoconus during a 6-year follow-up.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

A 27-year-old female underwent CXL for progressive keratoconus. Postoperatively, corneal topography revealed keratoconus progression with an increase of 1.20 diopters (D) in maximum keratometry (Kmax) and CXL was repeated. After the second treatment, a continuing significant corneal flattening (up to 16.00 D in Kmax) was observed during the first 5 years followed by stabilization during the last sixth year of follow-up. Both uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity were improved while corneal thickness was decreased. There were no complications such as corneal opacification or endothelial cells decrease during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

Repeated CXL can induce an excessive corneal flattening more pronounced during the first years of follow-up followed by stabilization thereafter.
Blunt ocular trauma in patients over 70: Clinical characteristics and prognosis
Authors: Vidne-Hay Orit , Fogel Levin Miri , Luski Shahar , Moisseiev Joseph , Moisseiev Elad
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

To describe the mechanisms and outcomes of open globe injuries (OGIs) in patients 70 years or older.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of patients from two large academic centers in Israel who were underwent surgery for OGI. Data was collected from surgical and clinic charts. Anatomical and functional results were recorded as well any additional surgeries and complications.

Results:

Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients were included. The mechanism of OGI consisted of blunt trauma with ocular rupture secondary to falls. All eyes underwent immediate primary closure of the corneal and scleral lacerations. Additional surgeries were performed in 34.3% of cases. In 31.2% of cases additional surgery was not required, and in 21.9% of cases the damage was so devastating that additional procedures were not recommended. Four patients (12.5%) chose not to undergo additional surgery. Mean visual acuity at presentation was 2.24 ± 0.72 logMAR and it improved to 1.92 ± 0.89 logMAR at final follow-up ( p = 0.002). VA at presentation was significantly correlated to final VA ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

OGI in the elderly represents a unique group. It is mostly related to falls, with a female predominance and a poor visual prognosis. In this patient population, general health concerns and increased risks of anesthesia require special attention. Care should be taken to educate elderly patients and their caretakers on how to avoid falls.
Inpatient dislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty: incidence and associated patient and hospital factors
Authors: Mohamed Nequesha S , Castrodad Iciar M Dávila , Etcheson Jennifer I , Sodhi Nipun , Remily Ethan A , Wilkie Wayne A , Mont Michael A , Delanois Ronald E
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Inpatient dislocation following total hip arthroplasty (THA) may incur substantial financial penalties for hospitals in the United States. However, limited studies report on current incidence and variability of dislocations. We utilised a large national database to evaluate inpatient hip dislocation trends regarding: (1) yearly incidences; (2) lengths of stay (LOS); (3) demographic factors; and (4) hospital metrics.

Methods:

The National Inpatient Sample was queried from 2012 to2016 for primary THA patients ( n = 1,610,155), identifying 2490 inpatient dislocations. Various patient demographics and hospital characteristics were assessed. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify dislocation risk factors.

Results:

Dislocation rates increased from 0.11% in 2012 to 0.18% in 2016 ( p < 0.001). Dislocated patients experienced significantly longer LOS ( p  < 0.001). Patient demographic factors associated with dislocation were sex, race, Medicaid insurance, alcohol use disorder, psychosis, hemiparesis/hemiplegia, chronic renal failure, and obesity. Spinal fusion was not associated with inpatient dislocation. Dislocations were likeliest in the South and least likely in teaching hospitals.

Conclusion:

Inpatient dislocation has increased in recent years. Optimised management and recognition of the patient and hospital factors outlined in this study may help decrease inpatient dislocation risks following THA, thus avoiding hospital reimbursement penalties for this preventable complication.
Assessment of the Impact of Distinct Vineyard Management Practices on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties
Authors: Ferreira Carla SS , Veiga Adélcia , Caetano Ana , Gonzalez-Pelayo Oscar , Karine-Boulet Anne , Abrantes Nelson , Keizer Jacob , Ferreira António JD
Published: July 2020

Vines are one of the most ancient crops, with great relevance worldwide but especially in wine-growing areas in Southern Europe. In the Bairrada wine region of north-central Portugal, vineyards have long been managed intensively, with frequent tillage and application of fertilizers and phytochemical products. During the last decade, however, these conventional practices are increasingly becoming substituted by more sustainable management practices, in particular integrated production (IP) and, to a lesser degree, no-tillage (NT) and biodynamic (BD). This study investigated differences in soil quality of 4 vineyards managed with each of these practices for at least 6 years. Twelve topsoil (0-15 cm) samples were collected in vineyard rows and inter-rows, during one sampling campaign, and analyzed for selected physical and chemical properties. These physical properties were texture, bulk density and penetration resistance, while the chemical properties included pH, electrical conductivity, and the contents of organic matter, nutrients, cations, and metals. Nearby forest soils were also sampled as a reference, since this was the prior land-use in the study sites. The obtained results demonstrated that conventional practices were associated with diminished soil quality, as indicated by lower contents of organic matter and nutrients, such as total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP), and exchangeable cations, as well as by a higher concentration of Cu and, in some samples, of Ni and Pb. Cu concentrations were also relatively high under NT, so that overall soil quality, particularly associated with fertility, was best under IP.
Delving Into the Functional Meaning of Phenotypic Variation in Mycobacterial Persistence: Who Benefits the Most From Programmed Death of Individual Cells?
Authors: Burgess Tornaletti Laura , Manina Giulia
Published: July 2020

The lengthy tuberculosis therapy is emblematic of how hard drug-persistent infections are to eradicate. Phenotypic variation within clonal bacterial communities contributes to drug evasion and has major implications for the treatment of drug-persistent infections. We reported that single mycobacterial cells exhibit differential drug susceptibility, contingent on their inherent phenotypic variation in DNA damage response. Individual cells experiencing severe DNA damage massively induce the SOS response and exhibit signs of programmed cell death (PCD), such as unbalanced growth, chromosomal fragmentation, autolysis, and release of the intracellular content. Toxin-antitoxin systems are known to contribute to PCD in model microorganisms by targeting essential cellular processes, and they might function similarly in mycobacteria. We have found that the toxin MazF and a Clp protease, possibly responsible for degrading the MazF cognate antitoxin MazE, are induced during harsh conditions in a model organism for tuberculosis, and that cells that are about to lyse from drug exposure display a buildup of toxin. Deeper analysis of PCD in mycobacteria may reveal whether this process belongs to a broader strategy for the community’s survival. Finally, disrupting the balance between survival and PCD may prove useful to tackle drug evasion in mycobacterial persistent subpopulations.
Analysis of nonlinear viscoelastic lubrication using Giesekus constitutive equation
Authors: Abbaspur Ali , Norouzi Mahmood , Akbarzadeh Pooria , Vaziri Seyyed Amirreza
Published: July 2020

Recent research has shown that adding polymeric materials to mineral oils and consequently changing the behavior of Newtonian lubricants into viscoelastic materials will enhance the lubrication performance. Therefore, in order to examine theoretically the actual behavior of such lubricants, a suitable viscoelastic model must be considered. Hence, in this paper, the solution of fluid film lubrication is presented analytically using the Giesekus viscoelastic model. This constitutive model is based on the concept of configuration-dependent molecular mobility and is suitable for predicting the nonlinear viscoelastic properties. Indeed, it can describe the power-law regions for viscosity, the normal-stress coefficients, the elongational viscosity, and also the complex viscosity. In order to linearize the momentum and constitutive equations and obtain the generalized Reynolds equation, the perturbation method is used and the mobility factor is considered as the perturbation parameter. Here, the effects of mobility factor, outlet-to-inlet height ratio, and Weissenberg number on fluid film pressure distribution, velocity profiles, load capacity, friction coefficient, and first normal stress difference are investigated in detail. Due to the normal stress difference in viscoelastic fluids, using a viscoelastic fluid in contrast a Newtonian fluid can significantly increase the load-carrying capacity of bearing. Another result is with increasing the value of mobility factor, the fluid viscosity decreases and consequently the pressure distribution decreases simultaneously while the lateral normal stress in the y-direction increases. The term pressure distribution is more negligible than the term lateral normal stress and as a result by increasing the mobility factor the load-carrying capacity increases too. It is also observed that, when the Weissenberg numbers tend to infinity regardless of the mobility factor, the friction coefficient tends towards a constant value and rubber-like elasticity is responses.
Telehealth in trauma: A scoping review
Authors: Wake Elizabeth , Atkins Heidi , Willock Ashley , Hawkes Angela , Dawber Jessica , Weir Kelly A
Published: July 2020

Background

The purpose of this scoping review was to ascertain how ‘telehealth’ is utilised within health care, from pre hospital to admission, discharge and post discharge, with patients who have suffered major trauma.

Methods

A scoping review of the literature published in English since 1980 was conducted using MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Austhealth, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; Cochrane library) and Web of Science MEDLINE and MEBASE to identify relevant studies.

Results

We included 77 eligible studies with both randomised controlled trial and cohort design methodology. A variety of trauma was included such as traumatic brain injuries ( n = 52; 67.5%), spinal cord injury ( n = 14; 18.2%) and multi-trauma ( n = 9; 11.7%) to both adult ( n = 38) and paediatric ( n = 32) participants. Telehealth is used in pre-hospital and acute-care settings ( n = 11; 14.3%) to facilitate assessment, and in rehabilitation and follow-up ( n = 61; 79.2%) to deliver therapy. Effects on health were reported the most ( n = 46), with no negative outcomes. The feasibility of telehealth as a delivery mode was established, but coordination and technical issues are barriers to use. Overall, both patients and clinicians were satisfied using this mode of delivery.

Conclusion

This review demonstrates how telehealth is utilised across a spectrum of patients with traumatic injuries and to facilitate delivery of therapy, specialist consultations and assessments, with many studies reporting improvements to health. There is a paucity of high-quality rigorous research, which makes replication of findings and uptake of the intervention problematic. Future telehealth and trauma research should focus on the quality and reproducibility of telehealth interventions and the economic feasibility of using this platform to deliver trauma care.
A qualitative exploration of the prescribing and use of statins in asymptomatic people in Ireland: A case of medicalisation, biomedicalisation and pharmaceuticalisation
Authors: Byrne Paula , O’Donovan Órla , Smith Susan M , Cullinan John
Published: July 2020

There has been a notable increase in the use of statins in people without cardiovascular disease but who may be at risk in the future. The majority of statin users now fall into this category but little research has focused exclusively on this group. Debate has ensued regarding medicating asymptomatic people, and processes described variously as medicalisation, biomedicalisation and pharmaceuticalisation are used to explain how this happens. These overlapping and interrelated processes require issues to be ‘problemised’ as medical problems requiring medical solutions given the prevailing understandings of health, risk and disease. However, current understandings of risk and disease are not simply the result of technological and scientific advances, they are also socially constructed. We interviewed members of the public, GPs and others, and found that rather than high cholesterol being seen as one of several risk factors that contributes to heart disease, it tended to be promoted simplistically to the status of a disease needing treatment of itself. Statins were justified by those taking them as different to ‘unnecessary medicines’. However, some participants demonstrated resistance to statins, worried about over-medicalisation and deviated from accepted practices, indicating a complex ‘muddling through’ in the face of uncertainty.
An empirical study of the classifier effect in advanced L2 users of Chinese
Authors: Zhu Sanmao
Published: July 2020

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

This article examines the classifier effect on categorization among advanced Chinese as a second language (CSL) learners. More specifically, it aims to answer this question: Is non-classifier language speakers’ categorization of objects influenced by the acquisition of the Chinese classifier system?

Design/methodology/approach, data and analysis:

Native Chinese speakers, advanced CSL learners and non-CSL participants were asked to rate the relatedness of drawing pairs based on either classifier or taxonomy/theme; advanced CSL learners and non-CSL participants were then asked to immediately recall two lists of nouns, one associated with three taxonomic categories and the other with three classifiers. Repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to examine the major effect between drawing relations (classifier related, taxonomically/thematically related and unrelated) and participant groups. Two measures of NCR (number of correct recall) and RR (ratio of repetition) were calculated and analysed to examine effective memory retrieval as well as subjective clustering.

Findings/conclusions:

Results showed that preferences for classifier-based and taxonomy/theme -based categorizations differed between advanced CSL learners and non-CSL participants. CSL learners’ knowledge of the classifier system also facilitated their performance in recalling and clustering objects. The findings revealed that concepts in bilingual minds may be language-specific and an alternative interpretation of the real world is internalized by learning a new language.

Originality:

Unlike previous studies, this article extended the examination of the cognitive consequences of classifiers to late bilinguals whose second language (L2) proficiency was formally assessed.

Significance/implications:

This study contributes empirical data supporting the importance of nonverbal behavioural evidence in the study of bilingual cognition. The degree and nature of the restructuring of real-world referents as a consequence of acquiring Chinese classifiers is of pedagogical value to second-language acquisition (SLA).
Promoting reconciliation in separatist conflict: The effect of morality framing
Authors: Mashuri Ali , van Leeuwen Esther
Published: July 2020

In separatist conflict, the majority group and the separatist group alternate in their roles as victim and perpetrator. We examined how framing prior ingroup wrongdoings in terms of violations of moral ideals or violations of moral obligations affects the majority’s willingness to reconcile with the separatist group. We conducted a field experiment ( N = 208) in the Republic of Indonesia, where separatist conflict is rife. As expected, among members of the majority who were high in national identification, a moral ideals violation frame produced stronger positive intergroup orientations (e.g., perspective-taking, intergroup trust) and collective emotions of guilt and shame, whereas a moral obligations violation frame produced stronger positive intergroup orientations and collective emotions among low identifiers. In turn, positive intergroup orientations and collective emotions promoted reconciliatory attitudes (e.g., willingness to apologise, support for intergroup cooperation). These findings suggest that policymakers can gain a better insight into the effect of framing ingroup wrongdoings as violations of either moral ideals or moral obligations when taking national identification into account.
Lessons from science fiction: Frederik Pohl and the robot prosumer
Authors: Ryder MJ
Published: July 2020

The diverse fields of business, management and marketing have long explored the concept of the ‘prosumer’ – the producer-consumer who not only consumes those products produced by industry, but also has some hand in their creation. But while the term itself is often credited to futurist Alvin Toffler , the concept he describes (and that which Ritzer et al. adapt) is a central concern of science fiction, which has much to offer our understanding of modern-day prosumption and is not limited by the language and limitations of purely scientific academic discourse.

Indeed, one of the most important voices in this area is author and editor Frederik Pohl, with his co-authored novel The Space Merchants and short stories including ‘The Midas Plague’ and ‘The Man Who Ate the World’. In each of these works, Pohl seeks to satirise the mindless robot-like behaviour of human beings, while also posing a word of warning for the social, economic and ecological impact mass-prosumption. This is a particularly relevant message given the rise of ‘surveillance capitalism’ – the real world manifestation of the dystopias that Pohl and his contemporaries describe.

In this paper, I argue that science fiction isn’t just a useful tool for social theorists, but rather, a vital resource, as it provides a speculative framework through which to interrogate the potential impacts and implications of new technology, and the links between production and consumption, technology and work. Furthermore, it provides the means through which to imagine possible futures and the lasting impacts of consumption that go beyond describing the world as it is, and move into the realms of what the world may become.
Metal detecting as a social formation: A longitudinal survey study from Finland
Authors: Immonen Visa , Kinnunen Joonas
Published: July 2020

The hobby of metal detecting has mostly been examined from the perspectives of archaeology and heritage administration. Although fulfilling archaeological needs, such an approach neglects the social analysis of this pastime. In 2019, we conducted a survey of metal detector enthusiasts and heritage professionals in Finland, the results of which are compared with those of a corresponding survey carried out in 2014. Within five years, metal detecting has become an established practice, and following the Finnish custom, registered associations for amateurs have emerged to organize the field. This longitudinal survey highlights its importance to civil society, with regard to the ways in which metal detecting develops as a hobby and as a means for amateurs to engage with heritage management.
Damage detection and localization from linear and nonlinear global vibration features in concrete slabs subjected to localized thermal damage
Authors: Eiras Jesús N , Payan Cédric , Rakotonarivo Sandrine , Garnier Vincent
Published: July 2020

In this study, different alternatives to detect and localize damage from linear and nonlinear vibration responses were investigated. These alternatives were compared on two concrete slabs subjected to different damage extents. Linear and nonlinear modal test configurations were considered. The variations of linear resonant frequencies, modal assurance criterion values, and nonlinear hysteretic parameters were used to detect damage. Then, the modal shapes were used to locate damage positions. The maximum principal curvatures derived from the original modal shape displacements between damaged and undamaged states made it possible to spot the damaged zones. Damage localization was further enhanced by weighting the principal modal shape curvature differences for every mode by their respective variations of the nonlinear hysteretic parameter. Finally, damage localization was achieved using different outlier identification techniques.
Country-scale InSAR monitoring for settlement and uplift damage calculation in architectural heritage structures
Authors: Drougkas Anastasios , Verstrynge Els , Van Balen Koenraad , Shimoni Michal , Croonenborghs Thibauld , Hayen Roald , Declercq Pierre-Yves
Published: July 2020

The article proposes a methodology for assessing the development of damage in building structures, subjected to differential settlement and uplift, using the analysis of Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data. The proposed methodology is targeted towards general applicability, capable of providing assessment results for measurements over wide geographic areas and for varying structural typologies. The methodology is not limited to ground movement measurements linked to tunnelling, as is the common case. Instead it extends to the monitoring of arbitrary movement in buildings, for example, due to ground consolidation, water table changes or excavation. The methodology is designed for use alongside patrimonial building databases, from which data on individual building geometry and typology are extracted on a region or country scale. Ground movement monitoring data are used for the calculation of the building deformation, expressed in different types of deformation parameters. The combined use of this data with analytical models for settlement damage classification in building structures enables the assessment in patrimonial building structures, at a country scale. The methodology is elaborated and applied on the patrimonial inventory of Belgium for the evaluation of potential settlement and uplift damage on buildings over a period of nearly three decades. The analysis results are compared to on-site observations.
Researching with children using Skype interviews and drawings: Methodological and ethical issues explored
Authors: Webber Louise
Published: July 2020

This article explores methodological and ethical issues of researching with children, drawing on a project exploring children’s perceptions of having a mother studying in Higher Education. While most prior research concentrates on a mother’s view of her children, this article uniquely focuses on children’s views on their mother. From analysis of the data and reflections on the research experience, the following themes emerged, the benefits and challenges of using drawing or Skype as a research method and ethical issues when working with children. Reflecting a view of children as competent and knowledgeable participants within research, I argue that children should be given opportunities to discuss a range of topics that concern them and advocate doing research ‘with’ rather than ‘on’ children. Throughout this article, the children’s and mothers’ voices are interjected to provide a narrative offering insights into family life from a child’s perspective thus revealing the impact of this research on the mother.
Applying a Social Determinants of Health Approach to the Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Cantu Ruben , Fields-Johnson Dana , Savannah Sheila
Published: July 2020

Ohio is one of the hardest-hit states in the United States when it comes to opioid overdose deaths. Confronted with over 4,000 opioid overdose deaths in 2017, the Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services launched the Community Collective Impact Model for Change (CCIM4C) initiative to encourage 12 Ohio counties to think more deeply about primary prevention. By moving upstream and taking a look at the causes of the opioid crisis, the counties involved in the CCIM4C initiative were able to expand the range of potential partners and potential solutions, moving from emergency response alone to broader efforts to support social connection, economic security, and other social determinants of health. Each county brought together a wide array of partners, including local employers, community colleges, health care organizations, faith leaders, youth-serving organizations, first responders, librarians, school board members, public health officials, parks and recreation staff, and people with lived experience. This article focuses on the efforts of three counties—Ashtabula, Lorain, and Lawrence—to take on the community conditions that increase the risk of unhealthy substance use and addiction. It describes what they learned as they went beyond a sole focus on preventing opioid overdoses and deaths—as critically important as that is—to transforming their communities to support health and well-being in the first place.
The MAAFiA Mystique
Authors: Mayer Vicki
Published: July 2020

What would a manifesto look like for media and creative workers in the twenty-first century? How would we account for decades of the transformation of work to fit the political economies of labor and data? This essay for the twentieth anniversary of Television & New Media attempts to answer these questions.
What’s New?
Authors: Shimpach Shawn
Published: July 2020

New media is of course the great disruptor. So, too, should be its study. Television Studies’ and Media Studies’ embrace of the “new” and their continuing focus on new media forms, practices, and technologies is not itself anything new. The new has a history and is, in fact, a historically specific category. All media were once new, the new regularly remediates the old, and because the “new” is a product and effect of industrial modernity, there has never been a time when we were not confronted with new media and new technologies. The fact of the history of both new media and its study, therefore, is worth revisiting so that we may be more reflective and skeptical in approaching the latest, newest media things. The implications of unreflective emphasis on the new are only becoming more urgent and the potential for dire consequences increasingly apparent.
Sporting Community: Activism and Responsibility in Turbulent Times
Authors: Johnson Victoria E.
Published: July 2020

In the period since Television & New Media’s inception, most of my scholarly endeavors have focused on sports media as a critical everyday site for discussion and realization of “community” in an era that often resists or, worse, actively undermines such a concept. As sports media have proliferated across this period (e.g., athlete/team/league Twitter and Instagram pages are now requisite “texts”), expectations for athletes to both stand in for entire populations’ political voice and to “shut up and dribble” have been amplified. This essay examines the LeBron (James) Family Foundation in conjunction with LeBron James’s public standing as a politicized, irrevocably geographic, and—per George Lipsitz and Ralina Joseph—always “racialized fact” to consider the increased expectation that sport/media icons are now obligated to remedy state failings through their charitable endeavors.
Media Studies and the Pitfalls of Publicity
Authors: Marwick Alice E.
Published: July 2020

For many academics, using social media has both drawbacks and advantages. Social media may allow connection with colleagues, scholarly promotion, and public engagement, and may also open researchers up to criticism and even possible harassment. This essay argues that we must think critically about logics of self-branding and attention-seeking given these two sides of the coin of social media publicity. First, publicity can easily be weaponized against scholars engaging in projects that may be socially or politically controversial by individuals or organizations who disagree with their premises. Universities are often unprepared to deal with this negative publicity and fail to protect researchers from the consequence. Second, self-branding may undermine one’s ability to be viewed as a serious scholar and requires rigorous self-censorship, particularly for those far from the white, male ideal of the professoriate. I conclude with some recommendations for academic social media use at different career stages.
Media Studies Futures: Whiteness, Indigeneity, Multi-modality, and a Politics of Possibility
Authors: Henderson Lisa
Published: July 2020

This essay departs from a stand-up performance by comic and critic Hannah Gadsby to think through divestments of whiteness alongside investments in indigeneity, multi-modality, and a “politics of possibility” for the future of media studies.
Effect of normal load on the frictional and wear behaviour of carbon fiber in tow-on-tool contact during three-dimensional weaving process
Authors: Wu Ning , Xie Ximing , Yang Jie , Feng Yajie , Jiao Yanan , Chen Li , Xu Jian , Jian Xigao
Published: July 2020

The effect of normal load on the frictional and wear behaviour of carbon fiber is investigated by simulating the tow-on-tool friction relevant to the beating-up motion of three-dimensional (3 D) weaving process. The true number of contact filaments over a range of normal loads is calculated by characterizing the cross-section parameters of carbon tow. The real contact area is calculated on the basis of the filaments amount by Hertzian contact model. The friction force values obtained from multiplying the real contact area with shear strength are closely with the measured results. The coefficient of friction increases with the increase of normal loads. When the normal load is 250, 400 and 600 mN, the tensile loss rate of the carbon tow after friction test is 6.3%, 23.2% and 42.4% respectively. The filaments reveal multiple fracture damage patterns which are caused by stretching, shearing and compression during the weaving process.
Simulation of the compression and recovery behavior of nonwoven fabrics under dynamic loading for automotive floor-covering application
Authors: Azami AA , Payvandy P , Jalili M.M
Published: July 2020

Experimental methods have been successfully utilized in the textile industry for understanding the compression and recovery behavior of needle-punched nonwoven textiles under dynamic loading. However, these methods can only be performed after commercial production of textiles. An analytical approach is presented to estimate the Jeffery’s II model parameters and to simulate the compression and recovery behavior of needle-punched nonwoven textiles under dynamic loading before commercial production. These parameters are estimated by a viscoelastic model that explains the compression and recovery behavior according to ISO 2094. The model consists of a combined linear spring and a dashpot set parallel to each other and then connected to a linear dashpot in series. Using the Fourier transform, the periodic excitation is converted to the sum of harmonic forces and differential equations of the system motion are analytically solved. The predicted results of this analytical approach for the compression and recovery behavior of nonwoven textiles in dynamic loading showed the average error of 5.68% and 9.41%, respectively when compared to the experimental results. Therefore, the linear Jeffery’s II model is able to predict the compression and recovery behavior of needle-punched nonwoven textile under dynamic loading with high accuracy before commercial production of textiles.
Metabolic Profiling of Human Gastric Cancer Cells Treated With Salazosulfapyridine
Authors: Takizawa Kohei , Muramatsu Koji , Maruyama Kouji , Urakami Kenichi , Sugino Takashi , Kusuhara Masatoshi , Yamaguchi Ken , Ono Hiroyuki , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

The adhesion molecule cluster of differentiation 44v9 interacts with and stabilizes the cystine/glutamate exchanger protein, which functions as a transporter of cystine. Stabilized cystine/glutamate exchanger increases extracellular cystine uptake and enhances glutathione production. Augmented levels of reduced glutathione mitigate reactive oxygen species and protect cancer cells from apoptosis. Salazosulfapyridine blocks cystine/glutamate exchanger activity and mitigates the supply of cystine to increase intracellular ROS production, thereby increasing cell susceptibility to apoptosis. This enhances the effect of anticancer drugs such as cisplatin. Currently, salazosulfapyridine is being developed as a promising anticancer agent. In the present study, we elucidated the molecular mechanism associated with salazosulfapyridine by investigating the salazosulfapyridine-induced changes in glutathione metabolism in cultured gastric cancer cell lines.

Methods:

The effect of salazosulfapyridine treatment on glutathione metabolism was investigated in 4 gastric cancer (AGS, MKN1, MKN45, and MKN74) and 2 colorectal cancer (HCT15 and HCT116) cell lines using metabolomic analyses. In addition, the effect of inhibition of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate by 2-deoxyglucose on glutathione metabolism was evaluated.

Results:

Under hypoxia, enhanced glycolysis resulted in lactate accumulation with an associated reduction in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Salazosulfapyridine treatment decreased the cysteine content and inhibited the formation of glutathione. Combined treatment with salazosulfapyridine and 2-deoxyglucose significantly inhibited cell proliferation. 2-Deoxyglucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis, depleted nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate required for the formation of glutathione.

Conclusions:

Our results indicate that in cancer cells having a predominant glycolytic pathway, metabolomic analyses under hypoxic conditions enable the profiling of global metabolism. In addition, inhibiting the supply of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate by blocking glycolysis is a potential treatment strategy for cancer, in addition to cystine blockade by salazosulfapyridine.
Clinical Significance of Polo-Like Kinase 4 as a Marker for Advanced Tumor Stage and Dismal Prognosis in Patients With Surgical Gastric Cancer
Authors: Cao Ting , Yi Shijie , Yang Xuefeng , Wu Qing
Published: July 2020

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of polo-like kinase 4 with clinicopathological features and survival profiles in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted based on the clinical data from 289 eligible patients with gastric cancer who received resection. Polo-like kinase 4 expression in adjacent tissue and tumor tissue was determined by immunohistochemical assay and semiquantified scoring method using immunohistochemical score by staining intensity score multiplying staining density score. Based on the total immunohistochemical score (ranged from 0 to 12), the polo-like kinase 4 expression was classified as low expression (immunohistochemical: 0-3) and high expression (immunohistochemical: 4-12); furthermore, high expression was divided into high+ expression (immunohistochemical: 4-6), high++ expression (immunohistochemical: 7-9), and high+++ expression (immunohistochemical: 10-12).

Results:

Polo-like kinase 4 expression was elevated in tumor tissue compared with adjacent tissue. Tumor polo-like kinase 4 high expression correlated with increased T stage and Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage, while, it did not correlate with age, gender, current smoke, current drink, chronic complications, Helicobacter pylori infection, tumor location, pathological grade, or N stage. Besides, higher tumor polo-like kinase 4 expression correlated with shorter disease-free survival and overall survival. Subsequently, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that higher tumor polo-like kinase 4 expression was an independent predictive factor for worse disease-free survival but not for overall survival.

Conclusion:

Polo-like kinase 4 possesses the clinical significance as a biomarker for aiding prognostication and facilitating postoperative tumor management in patients with gastric cancer.