bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Earmuffs and Noise-cancelling Headphones for Coping with Hyper-reactivity to Auditory Stimuli in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Ikuta Nobuhiko , Iwanaga Ryoichiro , Tokunaga Akiko , Nakane Hideyuki , Tanaka Koji , Tanaka Goro
Published: December 2016

Objective/Background

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effectiveness of standard earmuffs and noise-cancelling (NC) headphones in controlling behavioural problems related to hyper-reactivity to auditory stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods

Twenty-one children with ASD aged 4–16 years (16 boys and 5 girls), after a 2-week nonwearing baseline period, were asked to use standard earmuffs and NC headphones for 2 weeks, in a random order. Parents or teachers rated participants’ behaviours that were related to their reaction to auditory stimuli.

Results

Four participants refused to wear either the earmuffs or the NC headphones. It was found that the T-score on the Goal Attainment Scaling was significantly higher during the earmuff period than that in the baseline period (Z = 2.726, p = .006). The behaviours of 5 children with ASD improved during the NC headphone period as compared with those in the baseline period; there were no differences in the T-scores on the Goal Attainment Scaling between the NC headphone period and the baseline period (Z = 1.689, p = .091) and between the earmuff and NC headphone periods (Z = −0.451, p = .678).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of standard earmuffs and NC headphones in helping children with ASD to cope with problem behaviours related to hyperreactivity to auditory stimuli, therefore, children with ASD could use earmuffs to help to deal with unpleasant sensory auditory stimuli.
Designing a generic human-machine framework for real-time supply chain planning
Authors: Gaudreault Jonathan , Quimper Claude-Guy , Marier Philippe , Bouchard Mathieu , Chéné François , Bouchard Jean
Published: December 2016

Mixed-Initiative-Systems (MIS) are hybrid decision-making systems in which human and machine collaborate in order to produce a solution. This paper described an MIS adapted to business optimization problems. These problems can usually be solved in less than an hour as they show a linear structure. However, this delay is unacceptable for iterative and interactive decision-making contexts where users need to provide their input. Therefore, we propose a system providing the decision-makers with a convex hull of optimal solutions that minimize/maximize the variables of interest. The users can interactively modify the value of a variable and the system is able to recompute a new optimal solution in a few milliseconds. Four real-time reoptimization methods are described and evaluated. We also propose an improvement to this basic scheme in order to allow a user to explore near-optimal solutions as well. Examples showing real case of how we have exploited this framework within interactive decision support software are given.

Highlights A Mixed Initiative System adapted to business optimization problems is presented. Real-time reoptimization methods are described and evaluated. The system is able to recompute a new optimal solution in a few milliseconds. Improvement to this basic scheme allow a user to explore near-optimal solutions. Examples showing real case of exploiting this framework are given.
Effect of obturator nerve block during transurethral resection of lateral bladder wall tumors on the presence of detrusor muscle in tumor specimens and recurrence of the disease
Authors: Erbay Guven , Akyol Fethi , Karabakan Mehmet , Celebi Bulent , Keskin Ercument , Hirik Erkan
Published: December 2016

We investigated the effect of spinal anesthesia combined with obturator nerve block (ONB) during the transurethral resection of lateral bladder wall tumors (TUR‐BT) on the presence of detrusor muscle tissue in tumor specimens and on tumor recurrence. TUR‐BT was performed on 96 patients with a lateral bladder wall tumor under spinal anesthesia in our clinic between January 2011 and December 2015. The patients were divided into two groups: 49 patients only received spinal anesthesia and 47 patients received spinal anesthesia combined with ONB. The groups were retrospectively compared in terms of adductor muscle contraction, bladder perforation, complete tumor resection, presence of muscle tissue in the pathology material, and recurrence rate during follow‐up. The obturator reflex was significantly observed in the non‐ONB group (p < 0.05). In the ONB group, the percentages of complete resection and detrusor muscle tissue were significantly higher (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). The postoperative recurrence rate was found to be significantly higher in the non‐ONB group than in the ONB group (p = 0.025). Spinal anesthesia combined with ONB during TUR‐BT prevent obturator reflex and facilitate complete resection including detrusor muscle tissue, independent from the size or number of tumors, thus reducing the recurrence of the disease.
The Luxembourg Workplace Mobbing Scale
Authors: Steffgen Georges , Sischka Philipp , Schmidt Alexander F. , Kohl Diane , Happ Christian
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Workplace mobbing is a serious phenomenon that is costly to organizations and has various negative consequences of those targeted. The main purpose of the present study was to develop and validate a new short scale of workplace mobbing experience in three different language versions (German, French, Luxembourgish). Data were collected via computer-assisted telephone interviews in a sample of 1,500 employees working in Luxembourg (aged 17–64 years; 52.7% male) who were representative of the commuter structure of Luxembourg’s workforce. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the newly developed five-item Luxembourg Workplace Mobbing Scale (LWMS) has good psychometric properties and partial scalar measurement invariance for the three different language versions. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = .73). Correlations and hierarchical regression analysis with different working condition scales and psychological health scales confirm the construct validity of the new questionnaire. Although the present findings are preliminary in nature, they nevertheless support the reliability and validity of the scale and its use in psychological research.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Short Version of the	Time Perspective Inventory
Authors: Danner Daniel , Treiber Lisa , Bosnjak Michael
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Time perspective describes to what extent people draw on past memories, experience the present, or focus on future goals. Five dimensions of time perspective can be distinguished: past negative, present hedonistic, future, past positive, and present fatalistic. Based on a probability-based sample ( N = 2,031) representative for the general population in Germany, we developed a 10-item time perspective scale that can be used in data collection contexts with limited resources for assessing specific constructs, such as large-scale surveys of the general population. Starting with a comprehensive German instrument assessing time perspective, we selected 10 items based on expert ratings and factor loadings. The reliability and validity of our short scale and its measurement invariance for women and men were assessed. The results suggest that the short scale is sufficiently reliable, allows the valid measurement of all five time perspective dimensions, and can be used for both gender groups. Reference statistics for the German general population are reported, limitations are being discussed, and avenues for future research are being sketched.
Intensity of Facebook Use Is Associated With Lower Self-Concept	Clarity
Authors: Appel Markus , Schreiner Constanze , Weber Silvana , Mara Martina , Gnambs Timo
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Social networking sites such as Facebook provide individuals with opportunities to express and gather information relevant to their self-concept. Previous theoretical work yielded contrasting assumptions about a potential link between individuals’ Internet use and their self-concept clarity, that is, individuals’ perception of a clear and internally consistent self-concept content. Focusing on social networking sites, our aim was to provide cross-sectional as well as longitudinal evidence regarding the relationship between individuals’ feelings of connectedness to Facebook (Facebook intensity) and self-concept clarity. Two cross-sectional studies (N1 = 244; N2 = 166) and one longitudinal study (N3 = 101) are presented. Independent samples of adolescents, adults, and students from Austria participated. The statistical procedures included hierarchical regression analyses (Studies 1 and 2) and a cross-lagged panel analysis (Study 3). The studies provided consistent evidence of a negative relationship between Facebook intensity and self-concept clarity. Moreover, the longitudinal study showed that Facebook intensity predicted a decline in self-concept clarity over time whereas a reverse pathway was not supported. Future research should examine the content of the self-concept and should continue searching for specific Facebook activities that might explain the decline in self-concept clarity. Our results suggest that an intense attachment to Facebook contributes to an inconsistent and unclear self-concept.
The Association Between Social Networking Sites and Alcohol Abuse	Among Belgian Adolescents
Authors: Geusens Femke , Beullens Kathleen
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Both consuming alcohol and using social networking sites (SNS) are popular pastimes among adolescents. The current cross-sectional study (N = 3,133) aims to explore the relation between being exposed to and displaying alcohol-related content on SNS with alcohol abuse among adolescents aged 16–20 years. First, the results support that displaying alcohol-related content on SNS is more strongly associated with alcohol abuse than exposure to this kind of content. Furthermore, the associations of both exposure to and displaying alcohol-related content on SNS with alcohol abuse are mediated through perceived social norms of friends and attitudes toward excessive alcohol consumption. Yet, whereas alcohol-related attitudes and social norms seemed to be equally important mediators in the relation between exposure to alcohol-related content on SNS and alcohol abuse, the association between displaying alcohol-related content on SNS and alcohol abuse seemed to be mediated predominantly through a change in alcohol-related attitudes. Overall, this study sheds more light on the complex relations between SNS use and risky drinking behavior among adolescents.
Veronique Dehant Receives 2016 Charles A. Whitten Medal
Authors:   AGU
Published: December 2016

Veronique Dehant was awarded the 2016 Charles A. Whitten Medal at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 14 December 2016 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for "outstanding achievement in research on the form and dynamics of the Earth and planets."
Wave Gliding in the Eye of the Storm
Authors: Branscombe Alexandra
Published: December 2016

Scientists use a new remote-controlled robot to capture data from the middle of an open ocean typhoon.
The three Rs: Recruitment, Retention and Residence of leukocytes in the liver
Authors: McNamara Hayley A , Cockburn Ian A
Published: December 2016

The composition of leukocytes in the liver is highly distinct from that of the blood and lymphoid organs. In particular, the liver is highly enriched in non‐conventional T cells such as natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδ T cells and mucosal‐associated invariant T cells. In addition, there are significant populations of tissue‐resident NK cells (or innate lymphoid cells (ILC1)) and memory CD8+ T cells. These cells are joined in conditions of inflammation by neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. In recent years a multitude of studies have generated insights into how these cells arrest, move and remain resident in the liver. This new understanding has largely been due to the use of intra‐vital microscopy to track immune cells in the liver, coupled with gene expression profiling and parabiosis techniques. These studies have revealed that leukocyte recruitment in the liver does not correspond to the classical paradigm of the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Rather, both lymphoid and myeloid cells have been found to adhere in the liver sinusoids in a platelet‐dependent manner. Leukocytes have also been observed to patrol the hepatic sinusoids using a characteristic crawling motility. Moreover, T cells have been observed surveying hepatocytes for antigen through the unique fenestrated endothelium of the liver sinusoids, potentially negating the need for extravasation. In this review we highlight some of these recent discoveries and examine the different molecular interactions required for the recruitment, retention and—in some cases—residence of diverse leukocyte populations within the liver.
Kinetic and mechanistic study on the reactions of ruthenium(ii) chlorophenyl terpyridine complexes with nucleobases, oligonucleotides and DNA
Authors: Milutinović Milan M. , Elmroth Sofi K. C. , Davidović Goran , Rilak Ana , Klisurić Olivera R. , Bratsos Ioannis , Bugarčić Živadin D.
Published: December 2016

The interactions of three Ru(ii) chlorophenyl terpyridine complexes with mononucleotides, oligonucleotides, and CT and HT DNA were examined.
Impact of liposomal encapsulation on degradation of anthocyanins of black carrot extract by adding ascorbic acid
Authors: Guldiken Burcu , Gibis Monika , Boyacioglu Dilek , Capanoglu Esra , Weiss Jochen
Published: December 2016

Ascorbic acid-related degradation of anthocyanins decreases upon liposomal encapsulation.
Techno-economic analysis for upgrading the biomass-derived ethanol-to-jet blendstocks
Authors: Tao Ling , Markham Jennifer N. , Haq Zia , Biddy Mary J.
Published: December 2016

This study summarizes the detailed techno-economic analysis of the ethanol-to-jet (ETJ) process based on two different feedstocks (corn grain and corn stover) at the plant scale of 2000 dry metric tons per day.
Ionic liquids in the processing and chemical modification of chitin and chitosan for biomedical applications
Authors: Silva Simone S. , Mano João F. , Reis Rui L.
Published: December 2016

Ionic liquids (ILs) have huge potential to provide new ways for the sustainable processing of chitin and chitosan to a variety of matrices for biomedical applications
A three-dimensional Au nanoparticle–monolayer graphene–Ag hexagon nanoarray structure for high-performance surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Zhao Yuan , Zhao Shasha , Zhang Lichun , Liu Yu , Li Xiyu , Lu Yalin
Published: December 2016

The three-dimensional Au nanoparticle–monolayer graphene–Ag hexagon nanoarray structure exhibits 3107-fold enhancement of the Raman response of graphene and high-performance SERS sensing.
Highly efficient visible-light-driven catalytic hydrogen evolution from ammonia borane using non-precious metal nanoparticles supported by graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Zhang Hao , Gu Xiaojun , Liu Penglong , Song Jin , Cheng Jia , Su Haiquan
Published: December 2016

Through enriching the electron density of metal nanoparticles, the non-precious catalysts exhibited ultra-high visible-light-driven activities in room-temperature hydrogen evolution from NH3BH3.
Ultrafast charge/discharge solid-state thin-film supercapacitors via regulating the microstructure of transition-metal-oxide
Authors: Lv Qiying , Chi Kai , Zhang Yan , Xiao Fei , Xiao Junwu , Wang Shuai , Loh Kian Ping
Published: December 2016

A transition-metal-oxide-based asymmetric supercapacitor shows ultrafast rate capability and fast frequency response through regulating the microstructure of a vertical porous Fe2O3nanowall electrode.
Plasmonic nanostructures in solar energy conversion
Authors: Ye Wei , Long Ran , Huang Hao , Xiong Yujie
Published: December 2016

This review outlines the recent progress on the integration of plasmonic nanostructures with photocatalysis and photovoltaics toward solar energy conversion.
The Acceptable Noise Level and the Pure-Tone Audiogram
Authors: Jonas Brännström K. , Olsen Steen Østergaard
Published: December 2016

Purpose

The vast majority of previous studies suggest that there is no relationship between the acceptable noise level (ANL) and pure-tone hearing thresholds reported as the average pure-tone hearing thresholds (pure-tone average). This study aims to explore (a) the relationship between hearing thresholds at individual frequencies and the ANL and (b) a measure of the slope of the audiogram and ANL.

Method

Sixty-three Danish adult hearing aid users participated. Assessments were pure-tone audiogram and 3 different versions of the ANL test made monaurally at 2 different sessions.

Results

The findings show that low-frequency hearing thresholds and the slope of the audiogram are significantly related to all versions of the ANL.

Conclusion

It is possible that previous studies have failed to discover a relationship between ANL and hearing thresholds due to the use of the broad 4-frequency pure-tone average. This has implications for our understanding of the ANL test.
Subcutaneous Dissemination in Highly Aggressive Intracranial Glioblastoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cunha Pedro , Costa Gonçalo , Barbosa Marcos
Published: December 2016

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive and incurable primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Despite its aggressive behavior, extracranial metastases are rare, with an estimated incidence of less than 2%. In our literature review, we found only 21 reported cases of skin and soft tissue dissemination. We report a case of an early (two and a half months) postoperative skin and muscle flap-associated dissemination of a temporal glioblastoma. The particular aspect of this case, besides its rarity, is that the clinical presentation, the image reports and even the surgical findings were always in favor of a postoperative subdural empyema and epicranial abscesses. The diagnosis of soft tissue dissemination was only possible after negative microbiological cultures and histopathological confirmation of muscle and skin invasion by the tumor. This case illustrates the rare but potential risk of myocutaneous flap tumor dissemination through the durotomy/craniotomy site that can mimic a much more common, post-surgical infection.
Activity of the aqueous extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi on strains of the Candida genus
Authors: Torres Kátia , Lima Sônia , Ueda Suely
Published: December 2016

Objectives To evaluate the antifungal susceptibility profile of the aqueous extract of the bark of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi against the strains of the genus Candida.

Methods By using the disk diffusion method, 50 samples of the genus Candida (Candida albicans; Candida krusei; Candida glabrata; and Candida tropicalis), isolated from patients receiving treatment at Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, and 1 American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) sample of each species were tested against: the isolated aqueous extract of the bark of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, isolated nystatin, and the association of nystatin and the aqueous extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi.

Results There were no significant differences regarding the different strains of Candida tested. In the presence of the aqueous extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, no inhibition halo was visible. Isolated nystatin formed an inhibition halo measuring respectively 18.50 mm and 19.50 mm for the Candida albicans species and the others referred to as non-Candida albicans (Candida krusei; Candida glabrata; and Candida tropicalis). The association of nystatin and the aqueous extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi resulted in inhibition halos measuring 14.25 mm and 16.50 mm respectively. The comparisons of these results are statistically significant (p < 0,001).

Conclusion The aqueous extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi showed no antifungal activity in vitro against the strains tested, whereas the association of nystatin and the aqueous extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi caused a decrease in the inhibition halo when compared with isolated nystatin.
Fusing heterogeneous data for the calibration of molecular dynamics force fields using hierarchical Bayesian models
Authors: Wu Stephen , Angelikopoulos Panagiotis , Tauriello Gerardo , Papadimitriou Costas , Koumoutsakos Petros
Published: December 2016

We propose a hierarchical Bayesian framework to systematically integrate heterogeneous data for the calibration of force fields in Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Our approach enables the fusion of diverse experimental data sets of the physico-chemical properties of a system at different thermodynamic conditions. We demonstrate the value of this framework for the robust calibration of MD force-fields for water using experimental data of its diffusivity, radial distribution function, and density. In order to address the high computational cost associated with the hierarchical Bayesian models, we develop a novel surrogate model based on the empirical interpolation method. Further computational savings are achieved by implementing a highly parallel transitional Markov chain Monte Carlo technique. The present method bypasses possible subjective weightings of the experimental data in identifying MD force-field parameters.
Low-pressure plasma-enhanced behavior of thermionic converters
Authors: Khoshaman Amir H. , Nojeh Alireza
Published: December 2016

High-pressure plasmas have historically been used in thermionic energy converters both to reduce the electrode workfunctions and to mitigate the space-charge effect. The behavior of such devices has been studied extensively, but low-pressure thermionic converters are far less understood. Advances in nanotechnology, such as the possibility to intercalate nanomaterials-based electrodes with alkali metals in order to reduce workfunction, may alleviate the need for high gas pressures; low-pressure devices may thus play a significant role in future if they can address the space-charge problem. Here, we develop the physics of low-pressure thermionic converters by solving the Vlasov-Poisson system of equations self-consistently. We demonstrate that various possibilities arise due to intricate interactions between the spatially varying electron and ion concentrations, leading to phenomena such as plasma oscillations at higher ion fluxes. We show that even a relatively low ion flux density (∼5×10−4 times the flux density of electrons) reduces space-charge significantly and increases the electron current density by a factor of 7. We further extend the model by including electron and ion emission from both the cathode and anode electrodes.
Structure and dynamics of ionic liquids: Trimethylsilylpropyl-substituted cations and bis(sulfonyl)amide anions
Authors: Wu Boning , Yamashita Yuki , Endo Takatsugu , Takahashi Kenji , Castner Edward W.
Published: December 2016

Ionic liquids with cationic organosilicon groups have been shown to have a number of useful properties, including reduced viscosities relative to the homologous cations with hydrocarbon substituents on the cations. We report structural and dynamical properties of four ionic liquids having a trimethylsilylpropyl functional group, including 1-methyl-3-trimethylsilylpropylimidazolium (Si–C3-mim+) cation paired with three anions: bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NTf2−), and bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide (BETI−), as well as the analogous N-methyl-N-trimethylsilylpropylpyrrolidinium (Si–C3-pyrr+) cation paired with NTf2−. This choice of ionic liquids permits us to systematically study how increasing the size and hydrophobicity of the anions affects the structural and transport properties of the liquid. Structure factors for the ionic liquids were measured using high energy X-ray diffraction and calculated from molecular dynamics simulations. The liquid structure factors reveal first sharp diffraction peaks (FSDPs) for each of the four ionic liquids studied. Interestingly, the domain size for Si–C3-mim+/NTf2− indicated by the maxima for these peaks is larger than for the more polar ionic liquid with a similar chain length, 1-pentamethyldisiloxymethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (SiOSi-mim+/NTf2−). For the series of Si–C3-mim+ ionic liquids, as the size of the anion increases, the position of FSDP indicates that the intermediate range order domains decrease in size, contrary to expectation. Diffusivities for the anions and cations are compared for a series of both hydrocarbon-substituted and silicon-substituted cations. All of the anions show the same scaling with temperature, size, and viscosity, while the cations show two distinct trends—one for hydrocarbon-substituted cations and another for organosilicon-substituted cations, with the latter displaying increased friction.
Anomalous diffusion and diffusion anomaly in confined Janus dumbbells
Authors: Krott Leandro B. , Gavazzoni Cristina , Bordin José Rafael
Published: December 2016

Self-assembly and dynamical properties of Janus nanoparticles have been studied by molecular dynamic simulations. The nanoparticles are modeled as dimers and they are confined between two flat parallel plates to simulate a thin film. One monomer from the dumbbells interacts by a standard Lennard-Jones potential and the other by a two-length scales shoulder potential, typically used for anomalous fluids. Here, we study the effects of removing the Brownian effects, typical from colloidal systems immersed in aqueous solution, and consider a molecular system, without the drag force and the random collisions from the Brownian motion. Self-assembly and diffusion anomaly are preserved in relation to the Brownian system. Additionally, a superdiffusive regime associated to a collective reorientation in a highly structured phase is observed. Diffusion anomaly and anomalous diffusion are explained in the two length scale framework.
Anisotropic magneto-transport properties of electron gases at SrTiO3 (111) and (110) surfaces
Authors: Miao Ludi , Du Renzhong , Yin Yuewei , Li Qi
Published: December 2016

Electron gases at the surfaces of insulating (111)- and (110)-oriented SrTiO3 (STO) single crystals have been created using Ar+-irradiation and their magneto-transport properties are characterized. Fully metallic behaviors with sheet carrier density of ∼1014 cm−2 and low-temperature-mobilities as large as 8600 cm2 V−1 s−1 are obtained. Intrinsic in-plane anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) has been obtained by applying current along different crystal axes to subtract the Lorentz force effect. The results yield nearly 6-fold and 2-fold components for the (111)-and (110)-surfaces. A symmetry breaking in AMR for the (111)-surfaces with ordering temperature TO ∼ 30 K is also observed. In contrast, the out-of-plane AMR does not show anisotropy associated with crystal axes, suggesting a two-dimensional nature of the effect. Our results demonstrate that electron gases at (111)- and (110)-oriented STO surfaces are a promising playground for both fundamental research and all-oxide device applications.
Dissipative slip flow along heat and mass transfer over a vertically rotating cone by way of chemical reaction with Dufour and Soret effects
Authors: Bilal S. , Rehman Khalil Ur , Jamil Hamayun , Malik M. Y. , Salahuddin T.
Published: December 2016

An attempt has been constructed in the communication to envision heat and mass transfer characteristics of viscous fluid over a vertically rotating cone. Thermal transport in the fluid flow is anticipated in the presence of viscous dissipation. Whereas, concentration of fluid particles is contemplated by incorporating the diffusion-thermo (Dufour) and thermo-diffusion (Soret) effects. The governing equations for concerning problem is first modelled and then nondimensionalized by implementing compatible transformations. The utilization of these transformations yields ordinary differential system which is computed analytically through homotopic procedure. Impact of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are presented through fascinating graphics. The influence of various pertinent parameters on skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are interpreted through graphical and tabular display. After comprehensive examination of analysis, it is concluded that temperature of fluid deescalates for growing values of Soret parameter whereas it shows inciting attitude towards Dufour parameter and similar agreement is observed for the behavior of concentration profile with respect to these parameters. Furthermore, the affirmation of present work is established by developing comparison with previously published literature. An excellent agreement is found which shows the credibility and assurance of present analysis.
Layers dependent dielectric properties of two dimensional hexagonal boron nitridenanosheets
Authors: Wang Liang , Pu Yayun , Soh Ai Kah , Shi Yuping , Liu Shuangyi
Published: December 2016

Two dimensional (2D) boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets are well known as their tunable electric properties and well compatible with graphene. Studying the dielectric properties carefully is essential for their promised applications. Most previous first principle studies treated 2D h-BN as a strict 2D system, where the contribution of ion polarization is neglected. The results show obvious deviation from experimental values, and the situations are worse with the stacking layer increasing. Thus, in present works, the dielectric properties of 2D h-BN nanosheets are studied with involving the ion contributions appropriately. The evolution of dielectric performance with stacking layers varying is also studied. Obvious layer dependent anisotropic dielectric properties are predicted, which reaches the bulk h-BN level as the thickness approaching 5.8nm (20L). There should be a balance between dielectric properties and the thickness (stacking layers) for the dielectric applications of 2D h-BN nanosheets.
The cross-cultural analysis of the metaphorical conceptualization of happiness in English and Vietnamese
Authors: Nguyen Van Trao
Published: December 2016

This paper, based on the idiomatic expressions, examines the metaphoric conceptualization of happiness in English and Vietnamese and brings insights into the relevant cross-linguistic and cross-cultural similarities and dissimilarities in the articulation of happiness. The discussion falls into two categories: conceptual metonymy and conceptual metaphor of happiness. The former involves physiological, expressive, and behavioural responses of happiness. These are regarded as metonymies in a sense that there is a ‘stand-for’ relationship between the responses and the emotion of happiness as the whole (i.e., the part stands for the whole) (Kövecses, 2000, 2008). The latter involves the metaphorical conceptualization of happiness, in which the abstract concept of happiness as target domain is structured in terms of a nonabstract domain as a souce domain. The data analysis suggests that metaphors and metonymies involved in the conceptualization of happiness have a strong link not only to physiological, but also to cultural, influences.
“Walking” and “running” in English and German
Authors: Goddard Cliff , Wierzbicka Anna , Wong Jock
Published: December 2016

This study examines the conceptual semantics of human locomotion verbs in two languages – English and German – using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach. Based on linguistic evidence, it proposes semantic explications for English walk and run, and their nearest counterparts in German, i.e. laufen (in two senses, roughly, ‘run’ and ‘go by walking’), rennen (roughly, ‘run quickly’), gehen (roughly, ‘go/walk’), and the expression zu Fuß gehen (roughly, ‘go on foot’). Somewhat surprisingly for such closely related languages, the conceptual semantics turns out to be significantly different in the two languages, particularly in relation to manner-of-motion. On the other hand, it is shown that the same four-part semantic template (with sections Lexicosyntactic Frame, Prototypical Scenario, Manner, and Potential Outcome) applies in both languages. We consider the implications for systematic contrastive semantics and for lexical typology.
The polysemy of the Croatian verbal prefixod-
Authors: Belaj Branimir , Buljan Gabrijela
Published: December 2016

This paper explores the polysemy of the Croatian verbal prefix od- ‘(away) from’ from a Cognitive Grammar perspective (Langacker, 1987, 1991, etc.; Taylor, 2002). Despite the seemingly inordinate semantic heterogeneity of od-prefixed verbs, we argue that the different uses of od- are semantically motivated and that this has at least as much to do with the existence of a single abstract sanctioning schema as it does with the motivated extensions from the prototype, viz. spatial ablativity, or other category members. In this way we depart not only from the deep-rooted Croatian tradition, which tends to ignore any semantic motivation among different uses of a single prefix (e.g. Babić, 1986), but also from those cognitive linguistic approaches which rely on meaning chains, i.e. categorization by extension, to account for the polysemy of prefixes, prepositions and particles (e.g. Janda, 1985, 1986, 1988; Šarić, 2006a, 2006b, 2008, etc.).
The externality of anger as conceptualized in Kiswahili
Authors: Kahumburu Monica
Published: December 2016

This paper discusses everyday expressions of anger in Kiswahili, a Bantu language spoken in Eastern Africa. Following Lakoff and Kövecses (1987), linguistic expressions of anger, collected from both written and oral discourses, were analyzed for metaphoric and metonymic content. Our findings reveal that Kiswahili manifests some striking differences in conceptualization of anger. A notable difference is found in the locality in which anger is perceived to originate, or the conceptualized “originating locality” of anger. The onset of anger, or stage at which a person ‘becomes angry’, is depicted via predicates such as shik-w-a ‘catch.PASS’ and ingi-w-a ‘enter.PASS’. A participant is seen as having been ‘caught’ or ‘entered’ by anger, thus construing anger as an externally-originating emotion. Consequently, we propose a prototypical cognitive model that appears to reflect the anger scenario in Kiswahili.
Communicating flexibly with metaphor
Authors: Barnden John A.
Published: December 2016

This article argues that certain phenomena concerning metaphor that have been studied largely separately are in fact strongly interrelated, to the extent of forming an indivisible complex that should ideally be addressed in a unified way. The phenomena addressed here are metaphor compounding, metaphor elaboration (often called metaphor extension), metaphor replacement, metaphor strength-modification, and unrealistic source-domain situations. The interrelationships between phenomena that the article discusses include: the potential for unrealism and partial forms of replacement to be implicated in compounding; the way strength-modification can arise from compounding and replacement; and the affinity between elaboration and weak forms of replacement. The article also sketches how the author’s ATT-Meta approach to metaphor, which has previously been presented as handling elaboration and compounding, and hence some types of strengthening, is suitable also for handling the other phenomena.
Pyogenic Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade Due to Streptococcus anginosus in a Combat Theater
Authors: Maves Ryan C. , Tripp Michael S. , Franzos Tracy , Wallace Scott C. , Drinkwine Benjamin J. , Villines Todd C.
Published: December 2016

Streptococcus anginosus group pericarditis is rare. A 24-year-old male soldier presented for care at a military clinic in Afghanistan with shock and cardiac tamponade requiring emergent pericardial drainage and aeromedical evacuation. We review the patient’s case, the need for serial pericardial drainage, and the available literature on this disorder.
Is cardiovascular risk a concern when prescribing azithromycin?
Authors: Sutton S. Scott
Published: December 2016

The FDA has updated azithromycin package labeling to include the risk of prolonged cardiac repolarization and QT prolongation, which increase the possibility of cardiac dysrhythmias and torsades de pointes, especially in older adults. The update was initiated by a study that found an increased risk of death in patients taking azithromycin compared with those taking amoxicillin. However, cardiovascular results of other azithromycin studies have demonstrated discordant results, and more research is needed. In the meantime, providers should recognize that azithromycin has a role in the management of bacterial infections and should prescribe the antibiotic when warranted.
2016 Visionary Leader
Authors: Bredimus Brandon “Kit”
Published: December 2016

The following manuscript is the winning Richard Hader Visionary Leader 2016 entry submitted to Nursing Management in recognition of Dr. Bob Dent, DNP, MBA, RN, NEA-BC, CENP, FACHE, senior vice president, chief operating officer, and CNO for Midland Memorial Hospital in Midland, Tex. Dr. Dent was formally recognized for his achievements before the Keynote Address at Congress2016, November 8, in Las Vegas, Nev. There, he received the award, sponsored by Hackensack Meridian Health.
Neonatal Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Practices and Providers
Authors: Sharpe Elizabeth , Kuhn Latoya , Ratz David , Krein Sarah L. , Chopra Vineet
Published: December 2016

Background:

Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) commonly utilize peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) to provide nutrition and long-term medications to premature and full-term infants. However, little is known about PICC practices in these settings.

Purpose:

To assess PICC practices, policies, and providers in NICUs.

Methods:

The Neonatal PICC1 Survey was conducted through the use of the electronic mailing list of a national neonatal professional organization's electronic membership community. Questions addressed PICC-related policies, monitoring, practices, and providers. Descriptive statistics were used to assess results.

Results:

Of the 156 respondents accessing the survey, 115 (73.7%) indicated that they placed PICCs as part of their daily occupation. Of these, 110 responded to at least one question (70.5%) and were included in the study. Reported use of evidence-based practices by NICU providers varied. For example, routine use of maximum sterile barriers was reported by 90.4% of respondents; however, the use of chlorhexidine gluconate for skin disinfection was reported only by 49.4% of respondents. A majority of respondents indicated that trained PICC nurses were largely responsible for routine PICC dressing changes (61.0%). Normal saline was reported as the most frequently used flushing solution (46.3%). The most common PICC-related complications in neonates were catheter migration and occlusion.

Implications for Practice:

Variable practices, including the use of chlorhexidine-based solutions for skin disinfection and inconsistent flushing, exist. There is a need for development of consistent monitoring to improve patient outcomes.

Implications for Research:

Future research should include exploration of specific PICC practices, associated conditions, and outcomes.
Three-Dimensional Force Profile During Cochlear Implantation Depends on Individual Geometry and Insertion Trauma
Authors: Avci Ersin , Nauwelaers Tim , Hamacher Volkmar , Kral Andrej
Published: December 2016

Objectives:

To preserve the acoustic hearing, cochlear implantation has to be as atraumatic as possible. Therefore, understanding the impact of the cochlear geometry on insertion forces and intracochlear trauma might help to adapt and improve the electrode insertion and reduce the probability of intracochlear trauma.

Design:

The study was conducted on 10 fresh-frozen human temporal bones. The inner ear was removed from the temporal bone. The bony capsule covering the scala vestibuli was removed and the dissected inner ear was mounted on the three-dimensional (3D) force measurement system (Agilent technologies, Nano UTM, Santa Clare, CA). A lateral wall electrode array was inserted, and the forces were recorded in three dimensions with a sensitivity of 2 μN. Afterwards, the bones were scanned using a Skyscan 1173 micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The obtained 3D force profiles were correlated with the videos of the insertions recorded through the microscope, and the micro-CT images.

Results:

A correlation was found between intracochlear force profiles measured in three different directions with intracochlear trauma detected with micro-CT imaging. The angle of insertion and the cochlear geometry had a significant impact on the electrode array insertion forces and possible insertion trauma. Intracochlear trauma occurred frequently within the first 180° from the round window, where buckling of the proximal part of the electrode carrier inside the cochlea, and rupturing of the spiral ligament was observed.

Conclusions:

The combination of the 3D force measurement system and micro-CT can be used to characterize the mechanical behavior of a CI electrode array and some forms of insertion trauma. Intracochlear trauma does not always correlate with higher force amplitudes, but rather with an abrupt change of force directions.
A Novel Strategy to Supercharge a Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flap after Port-a-Cath Removal
Authors: Teven Chad M. , Ooi Adrian S.H. , Chang David W. , Song David H.
Published: December 2016

Autologous breast reconstruction using the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap has become increasingly popular because of its unique advantages. However, compared with some other forms of abdominal-based autologous reconstruction, DIEP flaps are associated with an increased risk of venous congestion. Many techniques—or lifeboats—have been introduced to diagnose and treat this potentially devastating complication. In this case report, we describe a novel strategy to augment venous drainage when venous congestion is encountered. A patient presented requesting autologous reconstruction and removal of a venous access catheter that had been used for chemotherapy administration. We performed left delayed breast reconstruction using a single-perforator DIEP flap from the right hemiabdomen. The superficial inferior epigastric vein to this flap was preserved. After removal of the Port-a-Cath from the left chest, we anastomosed the superficial inferior epigastric vein to the fibrous capsular sheath that had formed around the indwelling catheter to allow additional venous drainage. Flow through this conduit was confirmed using Doppler ultrasound. There were no flap-related complications, and the patient was discharged in good condition. Further research is warranted to characterize the indications and limitations of this novel lifeboat.
A Case Report of the First Nonburn-related Military Trauma Victim Treated with Spray Skin Regenerative Therapy in Combination with a Dermal Regenerate Template
Authors: Valerio Ian L. , Hammer Daniel A. , Rendon Juan L. , Latham Kerry P. , Fleming Mark E.
Published: December 2016

Massive soft tissue and skin loss secondary to war-related traumas are among the most frequently encountered challenges in the care of wounded warriors. This case report outlines the first military nonburn-related trauma patient treated by a combination of regenerative modalities. Our case employs spray skin technology to an established dermal regenerate matrix. Our patient, a 29-year-old active duty male, suffered a combat blast trauma in 2010 while deployed. The patient’s treatment course was complicated by a severe necrotizing fasciitis infection requiring over 100 surgical procedures for disease control and reconstruction. In secondary delayed reconstruction procedures, this triple-limb amputee underwent successful staged ventral hernia repair via a component separation technique with biologic mesh underlay although this resulted in a skin deficit of more than 600 cm2. A dermal regenerate template was applied to the abdominal wound to aid in establishing a “neodermis.” Three weeks after dermal regenerate application, spray skin was applied to the defect in conjunction with a 6:1 meshed split thickness skin graft. The dermal regenerate template allowed for optimization of the wound bed for skin grafting. The use of spray skin allowed for a 6:1 mesh ratio, thus minimizing the donor-site size and morbidity. Together, this approach resulted in complete healing of a large full-thickness wound. The patient is now able to perform activities of daily living, walk without a cane, and engage in various physical activities. Overall, our case highlights the potential that combining regenerative therapies can achieve in treating severe war-related and civilian traumatic injuries.
Impact of Obesity and Other Chronic Conditions on Lifestyle Exercise During the Year After Completion of Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Sattar Abdus , Josephson Richard , Moore Shirley M.
Published: December 2016

Purpose:

Patients who attend cardiac rehabilitation programs have a high prevalence of multiple chronic conditions (MCCs). The extent to which different constellations of MCC influence lifestyle exercise in the year after completion of an outpatient phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) is unknown. Our objective was to examine the effects of MCC on lifestyle exercise in the year after completion of a CRP.

Methods:

The effects of different constellations of comorbidities on objectively measured lifestyle exercise were examined using data from a randomized controlled trial testing lifestyle behavior change interventions in patients with cardiac events (n = 379) who completed a phase 2 CRP. Adjusting for important covariates, the relationships between the primary outcome, exercise amount, and the presence of common chronic conditions (hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and arthritis) were studied using robust linear mixed-effects models.

Results:

Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and their dyads, triads, and quads have a negative impact on amount of exercise. For example, the cooccurrences of obesity and hypertension reduced lifestyle exercise by 2.83 hours per month (95% CI, 1.33-4.33) after adjustment for the effects of covariates. The presence of obesity was a major factor in the comorbid constellations affecting lifestyle exercise.

Conclusions:

The presence of obesity and other chronic conditions negatively impacts lifestyle exercise in the year after a CRP. The magnitude of the effect depends on the comorbidities. Different constellations of comorbid conditions can be used to identify those persons at greatest risk for not exercising after cardiac rehabilitation.