bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of standard test procedures applied to calcium sulfoaluminate based cements
Authors: Ambrose Jack , Shenbagam Vaishnav Kumar , Provis John L. , Bescher Éric P. , Hanein Theodore
Published: August 2024

Cements containing calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) have reported excellent characteristics at both early and later ages. However, there are a number of studies reporting poor durability when compared with Portland cement (PC). Durability tests are used as an indicator for service life, and thus the viability of a cement system relies on its performance in these tests. Test methods often assume a sufficient maturity based on extensively tested PC systems; however, slower hydrating binder assemblages and variable chemistries can be severely underestimated when tested at the default 28 days. For example, a belitic CSA (BCSA) cement tested at this time will fail to account for later-stage hydration products that can improve the durability of the system. Tests on the durability of BCSA cements beyond 28 days of curing are sparsely covered in the literature, although in each study the results have shown a marked improvement in durability performance – a characteristic paralleled by other slow-hydrating binders such as fly ash composite cements. The use of an equivalent cement hydration/maturity in testing protocols is proposed, which could be considered a baseline for subsequent improvements that can be made with regard to how alternative binder systems are tested. A call to action for the cement community is outlined to (a) understand what tests are actually testing at a chemical level, (b) develop a ‘cure test’ to assess maturity and (c) undertake round-robin testing.
Hermite element for vibration analysis of thin-walled beams with higher-order beam theory
Authors: Zeng Tao , Zhang Lei , Wang Yanyan
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a Hermite element method based on one-dimensional higher-order beam theory to analyse the vibrations of thin-walled beams under various loading and boundary conditions. To derive cross-sectional shape functions for the higher-order deformation modes, a set of mutually orthogonal basis functions is utilised to linearly superpose the displacement field. The initial governing differential equations of the thin-walled beam are constructed by using C2 continuous Hermite polynomials as shape functions. Subsequently, the singular value decomposition is employed to process the generalised characteristic matrix of the thin-walled beam to obtain physically meaningful characteristic deformations of the cross-section. Moreover, an improved one-dimensional higher-order beam model can be obtained by updating the initial governing equations with a set of predetermined cross-sectional deformation modes. Here, to illustrate the application and capabilities of the Hermite element method, numerical examples are given and it is demonstrated that the proposed Hermite element achieves superior computational accuracy with much fewer elements.
Study on field and numerical analysis of karst collapse as railway hazard
Authors: Islam Nahidul , Linrong Xu , Usman Aliyu Bamaiyi , Raza Basit , Yongwei Li , Shengxiang Li
Published: August 2024

The vulnerability of karst ecosystems and the weak mechanical performance of caves pose hidden risks in railways, leading to increased karst collapses. To analyse karst collapse as a railway hazard, the Beijing–Guangzhou railway line in China was selected to identify karst features, using the multi-source frequency domain method because of its operational advantages. Abaqus was also used to numerically analyse the factors (dynamic loading, groundwater fluctuations, over-burden thickness) affecting the collapse mechanism. The study reveals diverse stratigraphy, transitioning from a Quaternary layer to stable rock formations. A notable finding is that the presence of a karst cavity in the railway embankment significantly increases the vertical dynamic displacements, particularly within the soil layer, by 72%, highlighting the significant impact of karst sections on soil dynamics. The study also reveals that due to the groundwater table fluctuations from the subsoil surface to the subgrade surface, the maximum displacement increases by 73% in the subgrade section of the railway embankment. The authors consider soil overburden thickness to validate confirmation of reliability through field data and theoretical study. The findings offer crucial insights for managing karst hazards, enhancing railway safety and ensuring durable infrastructure in challenging geological conditions.
Analysis of severity of right-turning vehicles conflicts at unsignalised T-intersections
Authors: Bonela Someswara Rao , Kadali B Raghuram
Published: August 2024

Right-turn vehicle manoeuvres are more prone to severe crashes at unsignalised T-intersections, with motorised two-wheelers (M2Ws) and auto-rickshaws (M3Ws) being the major culprits in India. The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of vulnerable motorists (driving M2Ws and M3Ws) on the probability of severe right-turn conflicts (PSRCs). Right-turn vehicle conflicts of minor road traffic are estimated using post-encroachment time (PET) at five unsignalised T-intersections in three cities in India. Also, in this study, a threshold value for PET for right-turn conflict severity is proposed, using support vector machines. The effect of vulnerable motorists on PSRCs is examined using a binary logit model. The presence of a higher proportion of M2Ws and M3Ws in right-turning vehicles and conflicting through-vehicles resulted in a high risk of severe conflicts, according to the findings. Furthermore, the results show that the speed of right-turning vehicles and conflicting through-vehicles, vehicle gaps, right-turning traffic and unusual driving paths all have a significant impact on the severity of right-turning vehicle conflicts. The proposed thresholds and model results can help traffic engineers and safety experts to assess the safety of unsignalised T-intersections and identify the critical unsignalised T-intersections.
Summary of User Rights Network Symposium: Protecting Copyright User Rights from Contractual Override
Authors: Benson Sara R. , Blumenthal Marjory , Klosek Katherine
Published: August 2024

In this paper, Benson, Blumenthal, and Klosek summarize the proceedings of the public symposium on the “Protection of Copyright User Rights from Contractual Override.” The American Library Association (ALA) and the Association of Research Libraries (ARL)—together, the Library Copyright Alliance (LCA)—sponsored the symposium in partnership with the American University Washington College of Law Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property (PIJIP). The paper includes summaries of each panel, questions that were discussed, and takeaways for the library community to consider. 
Keywords: copyright, contracts, public policy, limitations and exceptions
El Fenómeno del Niño y la prevalencia de enfermedades infecciosas: revisión
Authors: Molleda Patricia , Velásquez Serra Glenda
Published: August 2024

Climate changes caused by the El Niño oscillation southern (ENSO) significantly influence human diseases, because they are related to anomalies in precipitation or periods of drought. The aims of this paper are: to evaluate the anomalies of the average sea surface temperature, to calculate the average sea surface temperature of the Niño and Niño 1+2 regions, to contextualize infectious pathologies according to their classification: viral, bacterial, parasitic and caused by fungi in the geographical areas or countries of the Region where they have been studied in the historical context (1982-1983; 1997-1998 and 2016-2017) periods of the ENSO considered strong. A bibliographic, descriptive, documentary, retrospective and cross-sectional review was carried out during the months of October 2023 to March 2024. Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) are higher than average, observed throughout the equatorial Pacific Ocean, with anomalies being greater in the central and central-eastern Pacific. For ENSO 2023-2024, in the Niño 4 region the last calculated values of the Niño index remained at a temperature of +1.4 °C, in the Niño 3,4 region it was +1.9, in the Niño -3 region it was +2.0 °C while in the Niño-1+2 regions it weakened to +1.0 °C. The highest incidence and prevalence of ENSO infection (1997-1998) in Ecuador stands out, accounting for an increase in 13 infectious pathologies. Attention must be paid and the links between the environment and the risk of infection must be better understood.
The predictive role of modified stress hyperglycemia rate in predicting early pneumonia after isolated coronary bypass surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: As Ahmet Kağan , Engin Mesut
Published: August 2024

Postoperative pneumonia (PP) is one of the most serious complications following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The recently developed admission blood glucose (ABG)/estimated average glucose (eAG) ratio has been identified as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of the modified ABG/eAG (mABG/eAG) ratio in the development of pneumonia during the early postoperative period in diabetic patients undergoing CABG surgery. In this single-center study, diabetic patients who underwent isolated coronary bypass surgery at the Training and Research Hospital between 1 January 2018 and 1 January 2023 were included. Patients who did not develop PP were assigned to the control group, while those who developed PP were assigned to the PP group. A total of 549 patients were included in the study, 478 patients in the control group (median age = 58 years [range 35-81]) and 71 patients in the PP group (median age = 63 years [37-86]). In the multivariate analysis, the use of packed blood products (odds ratio [OR] = 1.685, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.453 - 1.892; P = 0.027), mABG/eAG ratio (OR = 1.659, 95% CI: 1.190 - 2.397; P = 0.019), and re-intubation (OR = 1.829, 95% CI: 1.656 - 1.945; P = 0.034) were identified as independent predictors for the development of PP. Our findings demonstrate that the mABG/eAG ratio is an independent predictor of PP in diabetic patients undergoing CABG surgery. Based on our results, high-risk patients can be identified by calculating the mABG/eAG ratio.
Fibrous aminocarboxylic ion exchangers FIBAN K-6 and K-6M for purification of water from heavy metal ions
Authors: Medyak Galina V. , Shunkevich Alexaner A. , Vorsa Valery Zh. , Isakovich Olga I. , Polikarpov Alexander P.
Published: August 2024

A new one-stage method has been developed for the production of aminocarboxyl ion exchanger FIBAN K-6 based on polyacrylonitrile fibre using inexpensive and accessible reagents. The new aminocarboxyl ion exchanger FIBAN K-6M with controlled swelling in water was obtained from the fibrous ion exchanger FIBAN K-6. The sorption properties of FIBAN K-6 and K-6M fibres from multicomponent solutions were studied. The advantages of these ion exchangers are shown not only in comparison with other aminocarboxyl ion exchangers FIBAN K-3 and K-5, but also with the best sorbents of heavy metal ions FIBAN X-1 and X-2 with iminodiacetate groups. It has been established that the mechanical properties of the fibrous cation exchanger FIBAN K-6M allow to process it into non-woven material or yarn with high yield and use it in the form of cartridges in water purification filters.
Larut-Lesap Biologi Kaolin menggunakan Siderofor daripada Bacillus aryabhattai dan Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Mohd Rani Husna Alya , Azmi Adnan , Zan Muhammad Ahmad , Rajamohan Monisha , Kuan Seng How , Chieng Sylvia
Published: August 2024

Kehadiran cemaran besi di dalam kaolin secara signifikannya mengurangkan nilai komersialnya, kerana besi memberi kesan negatif terhadap indeks keputihan dan sifat refaktori kaolin tersebut. Walaupun kaedah penulenan kaolin secara fizikal dan kimia adalah berkesan, tetapi kaedah ini mempunyai beberapa kelemahan seperti kos yang tinggi dan pencemaran alam sekitar. Oleh itu, penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mencadangkan kaedah baharu yang mesra alam serta boleh diaplikasi dalam skala yang lebih besar dalam industri bagi penulenan kaolin. Dalam kajian ini, siderofor Bacillus aryabhattai dan Bacillus megateriumyang ditulenkan secara separa digunakan untuk proses larut-lesap kaolin. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kedua-dua siderofor mampu mengeluarkan cemaran besi daripada sampel tanah liat kaolin. Melalui analisis spektroskopi sinar-X serakan tenaga (EDX), peratus berat besi di dalam kaolin telah menunjukkan penurunan sebanyak 48.2% bagi siderofor B. aryabhattai dan 50.6% bagi siderofor B. megaterium. Selain itu, analisis mikroskop elektron pengimbas (SEM) pula menunjukkan struktur lapisan kaolin kelihatan masih terpelihara dan menyamai morfologi kaolin mentah. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan keberkesanan proses larut-lesap menggunakan siderofor B. aryabhattai dan B. megaterium dalam mengurangkan cemaran besi daripada kaolin.
Cytotoxic Effect of Clinacanthus nutans Semi-purified Fraction (SF1) in Combination with Cisplatin against Human Cervical Cancer
Authors: Marzuki Nur Fatin Najihah , Zakaria Yusmazura , Azlan Maryam , Nik Hassan Nik Fakhuruddin
Published: August 2024

Cervical cancer is one of the most diagnosed malignancies in the world, and it is associated with HPV virus infection and invasion. A standard fraction from the medicinal plant Clinacanthus nutans was successfully separated, isolated, and identified as SF1 (semi-purified fraction). According to the previous study, SF1 has shown cytotoxic action against the cervical cancer cell line, SiHa. This study aims to further annotate the effect of SF1 in combination with cisplatin against SiHa to increase the selectivity of the anti-cancer treatment. The MTT assay was used to analyse the combination treatment's cytotoxicity, and its index value was calculated using the Chou-Talalay method. A cell survival test was conducted to evaluate the reproducibility of cancer cells after being treated. The combination treatment has enhanced cytotoxic action and inhibited SiHa’s cell proliferation the most (IC50 value = 5.10 ± 0.86 μg/mL) compared to the individual cytotoxic activity of SF1 (IC50 value = 9.60 ± 0.20 µg/mL) and cisplatin (IC50 value = 3.60 ± 0.60 μg/mL). Simultaneously, the combination study has shown lesser cytotoxic activity towards normal cells, Vero (IC50 value = 10.30 ± 3.10 μg/mL) compared to SiHa cells. The combination also showed an antagonism effect with CI values of 2.60 to 1.50 and fractional inhibition (Fa) of 0.50 to 0.90. The findings have demonstrated that in contrast with single-agent therapy, the treatment of SF1 and cisplatin in combination has increased the efficacy because it selectively targets cancer cells by antagonism action.
From Vision to Reality: The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Different Urban Planning Phases
Authors: Othengrafen Frank , Sievers Lars , Reinecke Eva
Published: August 2024

In an urban context, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) can help to categorise and analyse large amounts of data quickly and efficiently. The AI approach can make municipal administration and planning processes more efficient, improve environmental and living conditions (e.g., air quality, inventory of road damages, etc.), or strengthen the participation of residents in decision-making processes. The key to this is “machine learning” that has the ability to recognise patterns, capture models, and learn on the basis of big data via the application of automated statistical methods. However, what does this mean for urban planning and the future development of cities? Will AI take over the planning and design of our cities and actively intervene in and influence planning activities? This article applies a systematic literature review supplemented by case study analyses and expert interviews to categorise various types of AI and relate their potential applications to the different phases of the planning process. The findings emphasize that AI systems are highly specialised applications for solving and processing specific challenges and tasks within a planning process. This can improve planning processes and results, but ultimately AI only suggests alternatives and possible solutions. Thus, AI has to be regarded as a planning tool rather than the planning solution. Ultimately, it is the planners who have to make decisions about the future development of cities, taking into account the possibilities and limitations of the AI applications that have been used in the planning process.
GeoGebra’nın Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Uzamsal Görselleştirme Becerilerine Katkıları ve Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: Sarpkaya Aktaş Gülfem , Erdoğan Furkan
Published: August 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yedinci sınıf seviyesinde ‘‘Cisimlerin Farklı Yönden Görünümü’’ konusunda öğrencilerin uzamsal görselleştirme becerisinin gelişiminde GeoGebra yazılımının kullanımına yönelik öğretmen görüşlerini incelemektir. Araştırmada karma araştırma tekniklerinden eş zamanlı üçgenleme deseni kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında Hatay ilinin İskenderun ilçesinde, dersinde GeoGebra yazılımını aktif şekilde kullanan 5 ortaokul matematik öğretmeni ve bu öğretmenlerin görev yaptığı okuldan GeoGebra ile öğretim gören (13) ve görmeyen (13) 26 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve uzamsal görselleştirme testi ie toplanarak içerik analizi ve bağımsız gruplar t testi ile analiz edilmiştir.. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre öğretmenlerle yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda GeoGebra uygulamasının öğrencilere üç boyutlu düşünme becerisi kazandırması, derse karşı ilgili ve dikkatli olmalarını sağlaması, derse aktif katılımlarını desteklemesi gibi avantajlarının olduğu bunun yanında her kazanım için uygun olmaması, teknolojik imkân ve ders süresi yetersizliği gibi dezavantajlarının olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Uzamsal görselleştirme becerisinin gelişimi için sınıfta gerekli etkinlik ve çalışmalar yaptıkları çoğunlukla da GeoGebra uygulamasından faydalandıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Uzamsal görselleştirme testinde çalışma ile kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerin test puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur ve bu farkın çalışma grubu lehine olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Health insurance trends from 2004 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Damayanti Fitriani Nur , Santosa Budi , Suparman Suparman , Kusumawati Erna , Istiana Siti
Published: August 2024

The goal of health systems implemented at international, national, or regional level is to improve health effectively and efficiently by all available means, including community efforts, special education, military, and government, thereby improving public health at all levels. Health issues as national issues need top priority. Inequalities in mortality risk are inseparable from issues surrounding the health policy debate. Public health level is assessed through several indicators. Health Policy in law regulates the right to health. Proposed health system goals at international, national, or regional levels are usually not measured by human rights standards and instruments. Universal Health Insurance is expected to provide benefits. Health services are provided as medicines and treatments. This review aimed to determine trends in number of publications and visualize linkages of health insurance topics through bibliometric analysis. This was  a systematic review with steps following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) diagram using 661 scientific articles published between 2004 and 2022, followed by inclusion and exclusion criteria from Dimensions database. Review of articles was by means of  Vosviewer app. Our study results contributed to research roadmap development on health insurance. The limitation is that app.dimension.ai and google scholar databases are periodically updated, such that bibliometric analysis of health insurance should be repeated in the near future. Because this bibliometric analysis only extracted scientific article data from app.dimension.ai database, further research should add another database for broader and more comprehensive understanding of health insurance.
A Systematic Thermal Analysis for Accurately Predicting the Extrusion Printability of Alginate–Gelatin-Based Hydrogel Bioinks
Authors: Li Qi , Zhang Bin , Xue Qian , Zhao Chunxiao , Luo Yichen , Zhou Hongzhao , Ma Liang , Yang Huayong , Bai Dapeng
Published: August 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has significant potential for addressing the global problem of organ shortages. Extrusion printing is a versatile 3D bioprinting technique, but its low accuracy currently limits the solution. This lack of precision is attributed largely to the complex thermal and dynamic properties of bioinks and makes it difficult to provide accurate estimations of the printed results. It is necessary to understand the relationship between printing temperature and materials’ printability to address this issue. This paper proposes a quantitative thermal model incorporating a system’s printing temperatures (syringe, ambient, and bioink) to facilitate accurate estimations of the printing outcomes. A physical model was established to reveal the relationship between temperature, pressure, and velocity in guiding the printing of sodium alginate–gelatin composite hydrogel (a popular bioink) to optimize its extrusion-based printability. The model considered the phenomenon of bioink die swells after extrusion. A series of extrusion experiments confirmed that the proposed model offers enhanced printing outcome estimations compared with conventional models. Two types of nozzles (32- and 23-gauge) were used to print several sets of lines with a linewidth step of 50 μm by regulating the extrudate’s temperature, pressure, and velocity separately. The study confirmed the potential for establishing a reasonable, accurate open-loop linewidth control based on the proposed optimization method to expand the application of extrusion-based bioprinting further.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after COVID-19
Authors: Reznik E. V. , Iarovoi M. D. , Umakhanova Sh. M. , Marshala S. N. , Smirnov A. P.
Published: August 2024

Invasive aspergillosis is a disease that occurs mostly in people with a compromised immune system. The most important pathogen is Aspergillus fumigatus (it accounts for about 90% of the patients). The risk group includes patients who have primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, people receiving immunosuppressive therapy, cancer patients, etc. However, the incidence of this disease among COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) patients have been reported recently. The aim of our work is to present a patient with invasive aspergillosis after COVID-19 who was not in a standard risk group and did not receive immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion. Patients who had COVID-19 are under a risk of developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Therefore, it is important to exclude this disease in a patient with prolonged pneumonia that does not respond to standard therapy.
Demographic, clinical profile and short-term outcome of neonates referred for mechanical ventilation: experience in a referral neonatal intensive care centre in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Enato Izehiuwa G. , Abiodun Moses T.
Published: August 2024

Background: The use of mechanical ventilation (MV) in NICU is not widespread in Nigeria. Although a life-saving tool in neonates, MV is associated with potentially high morbidity and mortality rate. There are various factors which impact the outcome of MV in neonates. The aim of this study is to assess outcome, demographics and clinical profile of babies who received MV in the region.
Methods: This was a retrospective study, involving 20 infants, who were all referred from other Health care centres.
Results: The overall survival rate of ventilated babies in this study was 30.0%; however, relative survival rate compared to non-survival group was 53.8%. Although, the mean weight and mean gestational age (GA) of those who survived were higher than that in those who did not survive, this difference was not statistically significant. However, a significantly higher proportion (87.3%) of those who were ventilated for 1-3 days survived, compared to those ventilated for less than 24 hours or more than 3 days.
Conclusions: The survival of neonates referred for MV in our study was comparable to that seen in other developing countries. Duration of MV (DMV) was the only significant factor affecting the outcome of MV in our study.
ENVIROMENTAL LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF CACTUS MUCILAGE-MODIFIED CONCRETE
Authors:   American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Lorika Denis , Hamad Bilal ,   American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Yehya Alissar ,   American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Salam Darine ,   American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Published: August 2024

development and employment trends in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs). Cement-based materials are the most consumed in infrastructure projects, and embodied carbon in construction materials contribute approximately to 13% of the global GHG emissions. This paper presents findings of an experimental and environmental impact evaluation, conducted on Normal Strength Concrete (NSC) mixtures dosed with Opuntia ficus-indica mucilage (Ofim) as a bio-additive by mass-replacement of the mixing water. A 15% mixing-water mass-replacement resulted in 20% enhancement of compressive strength relative to the conventional mix. In addition, it achieved an average reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of 9.6% with a notable decrease in CO2 equivalents resulting from a lower cement content in the Ofim-modified mix. Moreover, enhancement in durability properties of concrete elongates maintenance cycles reducing the demand for materials that would otherwise be used for frequent repairs. The study concluded that Ofim-modified concrete is an environmentally improved material.
DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF RC STRUCTURE UTILIZING BLENDED CONCRETE
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Abu Bakar Nabilah , Al Jubori Dawood ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Mohd. Nasir Noor Azline ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Safiee Nor Azizi ,   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: August 2024

The utilization of blended concrete in reinforced concrete (RC) design could significantly reduce the CO2 emission in construction. However, its usage imposes higher material costs which hampers its utilization in the design. This research develops a multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithm that minimizes the cost and CO2 emission of RC beam design. Apart from the usual design parameters, this algorithm considers the strength and mix design of blended concrete containing fly ash and GGBS. The Pareto solutions were analysed and the optimal design was obtained using the TOPSIS method. It was found that the MOO algorithm could optimize the design of the RC beam by favouring the 70% GGBS concrete having lower strength between 20 to 32 MPa. The optimal solution was highly dependent on the weightage used between cost and CO2 emission. The MOO is very effective and should be used in the design to produce sustainable concrete at an optimal cost.
A ROADMAP TO ACCELERATE MATERIAL REUSE IN CONSTRUCTION AND USE MATERIALS PASSPORTS
Authors:   Lancaster University, UK, Costa Ana Rute
Published: August 2024

The construction industry is one of the most resource-intensive industries, being responsible for nearly 40% of global energy-related CO2 emissions. In this paper we present a roadmap to implement materials passports and accelerate material reuse in construction, this approach will enable us to reduce embodied carbon expenditure and address Net Zero Targets. The reuse of the whole building should be a priority. The pre-redevelopment and pre-deconstruction audits are essential to inform retain/retrofit design decisions of existing buildings. Deconstruction should be prioritised over demolition. The materials passports data should be aligned with the design stage and building lifecycle. For existing buildings, we need to gather enough information to avoid material waste. For new builds, we should aim for fully passported buildings. In both cases, the involvement of all the stakeholders across the industry is crucial to enable material reuse and extend the lifecycle of materials.
Symptomatic and morphometric analysis of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: assessments by age and gender
Authors: Bingöl Koray , Arslan Mithat Kerim
Published: August 2024

Aim: Lumbosakral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are anatomical variations where a vertebra exhibits characteristics of both lumbar and sacral vertebrae. This study aims to assess anatomical changes in LSTV patients by measuring intervertebral disc height (IVDh), vertebral foramen anteroposterior diameter (FVAPd), and intervertebral foramen height (FIVh), with consideration of age and gender differences.
Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 274 patients diagnosed with LSTV. All MRI images were acquired with a 1.5T MRI machine and a 32-channel lumbar coil. The presence of LSTV, forming the morphological data, was identified from coronal and sagittal reformat images and was classified as either lumbarization or sacralization. Morphometric data (IVDh, FIVh and FVAPd) were acquired from axial, sagittal, and coronal planes using both soft tissue and bone window settings.
Results: The mean patient age was 41.6±13.0 years, with a female majority (55.8%). LSTV was predominantly lumbarization (96.4%), with sacralization in the remaining cases. The overall mean FVAPd was 11.2±2.4 mm, mean IVDh was 9.1±1.8 mm, and mean FIVh was 18.8±2.4 mm on the right and 19.1±2.4 mm on the left. IVDh levels were consistent across age groups, while FVAPd values were similar between genders. Patients aged 40 and under had higher FVAPd and FIVh levels, and male patients had higher IVDh and FIVh levels compared to females.
Conclusions: The morphometric characteristics of LSTV may vary according to age and gender. Considering these factors in accurately identifying the anatomical variations of LSTV may play a significant role in determining appropriate treatment and management strategies.
Abdominal aorttaki anatomik varyasyonlar
Authors: Bingöl Koray , Aydın Sonay , Memiş Kemal Buğra
Published: August 2024

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, çeşitli ön tanılar için çok dedektörlü bilgisayarlı tomografi (ÇDBT) anjiyografisi uygulanan
hastalarda çölyak arter, superior mezenterik arter (SMA), inferior mezenterik arter (İMA), renal arterler (RA) ve hepatik arterlerde (HA) varyasyonları belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, ÇDBT anjiyografisi yapılan 200 hasta retrospektif olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çölyak trunkus varyantları için Uflacker sınıflandırması, HA varyasyonları için Michels ve Hiatt sınıflandırmaları kullanılmış ve RA'lar, sayı ve ekstra-RA varlığı açısından değerlendirilmiş, replase veya aksesuar RA'lar sayısal anomaliler olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların %92,0'sinde klasik çölyak trunkus mevcuttu ve varyasyonlar arasında hepatosplenik ve gastrosplenik trunkuslar her biri %3,5 oranında görüldü. Çölyak trunkusun klasik dallanma deseni hastaların %91,5'inde saptanırken, %1,0'inde sol gastrik arterin splenik arterden veya doğrudan abdominal aortadan kaynaklandığı görüldü. SMA orijini vakaların %95,5'inde klasik olup, %2,5'inde hepatomezenterik trunkus orijini ve %1,0'inde bimesenterik trunkus orijini vardı. İMA için, hastaların %98,4'ünde klasik bir orijin mevcuttu. Sağ RA sayısı 2 veya daha fazla olanların oranı %13 iken, sol RA sayısı 2 veya daha fazla olanların oranı %12,5 idi. Sağ HA varyasyonları hastaların %14,5'inde gözlenirken, sol HA varyasyonları %11,5 oranında mevcut idi.
Sonuçlar: Çalışmamız, MSBT yapılan hastalarda çölyak arterlerde, SMA’da, RA’da ve HA’da önemli anatomik varyasyonlar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular, doğru tanı ve cerrahi planlama için bu varyasyonların tanınmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır.
Telling the Great Change
Authors: Burski Jacek , Wygnańska Joanna , Filipkowski Piotr , Życzyńska-Ciołek Danuta , Golczyńska-Grondas Agnieszka , Dopierała Renata , Potoczna Małgorzata
Published: August 2024

The book is pioneering in Poland. but also in Central Europe. lt shows the mechanisms of adaptation to the systemie transformation in Poland after 1989, based on the analysis of narratives of people barn in 1960, 1970 and 1980 who are representatives of diverse social milieus and have different professional and life experiences. The reader will find here a model application of the biographical research methodology developed by Fritz Schütze for a series of case studies. which makes this publication the most extensive work using the indicated method for research on transformation. The authors of the individual chapters, emphasizing the individual agency of the subjects, avoid the pitfalls of neoliberal discourse shifting responsibility for their fates onto individuals. Apart from the analysis of autonomous ways of agency, they show various potentials of losing control over one’s life, biographical trajectories, as well as biographical resources, mainly of a family nature, which serve to deal mare effectively with the consequences of systemic transformation.
 
The book has received funding from the National Science Center, Poland under grant agreement No. UMO-2013/09/B/HS6/03100 “Experience of the Process of the Transformation in Poland. A Sociological Comparative Analysis Based on Biographical Perspective”
Calidad del agua de consumo, subproductos de desinfección y riesgo de cáncer digestivo en Boyacá
Authors: Bernal Gómez Bibiana Matilde , Rodríguez Susa Manuel Salvador , Lemus Pérez Mildred Fernanda , Suescún Carrero Sandra Helena , Medina Alfonso Mabel Idaliana , Zipa Casas Nohora Yaneth , Cruz Rojas Juan David , Salas Saavedra Luisa Fernanda
Published: August 2024

El acceso al agua es un derecho humano, y tenemos la responsabilidad de preservarla y no contaminarla. La ingeniería moderna ha mejorado la calidad del agua para consumo humano, pero persisten factores ecosistémicos imperceptibles que pueden ser potencialmente dañinos que la contaminan, procedentes de las prácticas agrícolas, mineras e industriales, incluyendo también procesos de desinfección con químicos, que producen subproductos de riesgo para la salud en general y, particularmente, causantes de cáncer. Se aborda el tema del riesgo de cáncer digestivo con relación a la calidad del agua en Boyacá del proyecto de investigación Análisis de riesgo por exposición de la población boyacense a subproductos de desinfección presentes en el agua potable y la fracción atribuible al cáncer, financiado por Minciencias, Convocatoria 896.
Kisah Ḥadīṡ al-Ifki dalam Al-Qur’an Perspektif Maqāṣid al-Qur’ān Ibn ‘Āsyūr
Authors: Ferry firdausi Ferry firdausi , Putri Alfia Halida  , Nurhayati
Published: August 2024

Cases of fake news have occurred since ancient times, where this act was pioneered by the Devil who made up false information and deceived Prophet Adam so that he was expelled from heaven. From here, fake news continues to grow and has several times affected righteous people such as Juraij, Siti Maryam and Siti 'Āisyah. In this modern era, fake news seems to be public consumption and many members of the public play a role as the main actors and masterminds of this act. Departing from this phenomenon, the author wants to examine the fake news story that happened to Siti ‘Āisyah and was immortalized by Allah in QS. an-Nūr: 11-22. The focus of the study in this article is how the fake news story (ḥadīṡ al-ifki) happened to Siti ‘Āisyah and what maqāṡid is contained in it. Maqāṡid approach used is maqāṡid al-Qurān Ibn 'Āsyūr. The article concludes that the Qur'ānic maqāṣid contained in the hadīth of al-ifki is correcting beliefs and guiding to the right path, moral improvement, establishing religious rulings (in this context, the prohibition of making false news) both general and specific, and giving advice both in the form of warnings and good news.
Metode Pembelajaran Ta’bir Syafawi Melalui Film Berbahasa Arab
Authors: Audiah Jessica , Sobari Dolla
Published: August 2024

Bahasa adalah sistem lambang bunyi yang arbitrer yang digunakan oleh sekelompok orang sebagai sarana untuk menyampaikan pikiran dan perasaan mereka. Sebagaimana definisi tersebut menyatakan bahwa bahasa adalah sarana yang berfungsi sebagai alat komunikasi dan mempunyai peranan penting dalam proses kehidupan manusia, bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi merupakan cerminan dan gambaran suatu bagian yang berbudaya. yang membedakannya dengan bahasa lain. Demikian juga bahasa Arab memiliki ciri dan keistimewaan yang tidak dimiliki bahasa lain. Oleh karena itu, disini saya membuat jurnal tentang metode pembelajaran Ta'bir Syafawi untuk mengembangkan kompetensi berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa sasaran dalam situasi kehidupan nyata. Penguasaan grammar dalam mengajarkan ta'bir Syafawi tidak ditekankan, tetapi lebih menitikberatkan pada reproduksi ekspresi sesuai konteks. Tujuan utama pengajaran Ta'bir Syafawi adalah mahir dalam mengkomunikasikan ide dan pesan kepada orang lain. Kata kunci: Metode pembelajaran Ta'bir Syafawi.
Testing and Comparison of SN754410N and L293D Driver IC Variants
Authors: Phoa Victor , Rakhmad Hariyono
Published: August 2024

The popular transistor-based driver L293D has been produced by several different manufacturers and some have increased functions such as the SN754410N IC. However, replacing driver ICs from the same or different manufacturers sometimes found compatibility problems such as driver unresponsiveness in controlling the motor. To find out the scientific reasons that cause this problem, this study tested the current-carrying ability and switching delay for ICs from ST, HLF, and SN754410N fabrications. From the test results, it was found that there were differences in the ability to conduct current, and differences in the duration of the switching delay, and it was also found that the IC was damaged as much as 10 percent of the samples from the ST fabrication.
Analysis of The Hadith That Women are Created from The Ribs: Theological Issues of Islamic Feminism
Authors: Hulisan Muhammad Fasih
Published: August 2024

One of the theological issues in Islam is the concept of human creation. Within the scope of the issue of human creation, there is also a discussion of the origin of the creation of women in the hadith. The Hadith about women being created from a rib is one of the theological issues in the issue of Islamic feminism. Therefore, this research is intended to find the location of problems related to the understanding of the hadith, then offer a new view in parsing the theological problems of Islamic feminism and try to produce a reconstruction of understanding of the hadith about women created from ribs. This research uses a qualitative method with a type of library research, accompanied by a hadith criticism approach. This research reveals that the wording of the hadith "women were created from ribs" is more accurately interpreted as a figurative meaning (majazi). So that the reconstruction of the meaning of the hadith leads to a positive connotation and avoids misogynism. Furthermore, the implicit wisdom of the hadith shows that there is a prophetic treatise that leads to education for women to be intensified, as Fethullah Gülen's view in interpreting the hadith.
Modern approaches to alternative flap-based breast reconstruction: stacked deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps
Authors: Garoosi Kassra , Kelson Kate , Winocour Julian , Mathes David , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos
Published: August 2024

Autologous breast reconstruction has greatly evolved with the introduction of stacked deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps, providing a sophisticated option for patients with insufficient donor tissue or those requiring substantial breast mounds. This technique utilizes either conjoined/bipedicled or separate abdominal flaps to recreate the breast with natural-looking results and high satisfaction rates. Preoperative planning is critical, involving detailed vascular mapping to ensure successful outcomes. Despite the complexity of the procedure, the complication profile remains comparable to non-stacked methods, with a notable reduction in fat necrosis and no significant increase in overall risk. Similar to the DIEP flap, possible complications related to the stacked DIEP flap include donor-site morbidity such as abdominal bulge or hernia, and complications at the recipient site such as flap ischemia or fat necrosis. The stacked DIEP flap technique has improved the symmetry and volume matching of reconstructed breasts while maintaining abdominal integrity, marking a significant advancement in the field that aligns with the aesthetic aspirations of patients undergoing mastectomy.
Reasons for Collapse of Steel Silos for Wheat with 1600 M3 Capacity
Authors: Zdravkov Lyubomir , Tanev Vatyu
Published: August 2024

In 2021, five silos for grain storage were ordered, delivered and mounted for expansion of a warehouse in southern Bulgaria. They were produced of thin-walled galvanized sheets. The sheets were corrugated to prevent local loss of stability. All elements were joined together with bolts
to facilitate and speed up the mounting processes. After completion of the mounting works, all five silos were filled up to the roof with grains. Three were filled with wheat, and the remaining two with sunflower seeds. On August 16, 2021, at about 8:30 am, a few minutes after the beginning
of the first unloading of one of them, its cylindrical shell had torn, and it collapsed. A team from the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy (UACEG) was invited to inspect the accident site and determine the causes of the collapse. For this purpose, the members of the
team carefully inspected the structure of the collapsed silos, tested samples of the used material and made control calculations. Through these activities, they established the most likely causes for steel silos destruction.
Computational Morphogenesis of Lightweight Continous Concrete Shell Structures by Utilizing Metaheuristic Algorithms
Authors: Vatandoost Mohsen , Golabchi Mahmood , Ekhlassi Ahmad , Rahbar Morteza
Published: August 2024

While the hanging model and physical prototyping are reliable methods for form-finding continuous lightweight shell structures, they cannot explore various design possibilities and consider multiple criteria in the design. This research aims to employ metaheuristic algorithms as a search
tool for simultaneous form-finding (form exploration) and optimization, known as computational morphogenesis. This workflow consists of a parametric model and metaheuristic algorithms, which were implemented through costume Python codes. To evaluate the workflow, a double-curvature footbridge
was defined, and the forms that GA found were in line with the anticipation. The GA found a better solution (0.04022) than the SA (0.064) by considering elastic energy change. In case study II, the optimal form of a continuous lightweight shell was explored by utilizing GA, PSO, SA, and the
hybrid algorithm of GAPSO. The GA improved the fitness solution by 35% in the second run, while PSO showed similar results, and the hybrid GAPSO algorithm did not yield better results. The results show that the optimum result based on different algorithms was not significantly different. Nevertheless,
hyperparameters considerably affected finding the global minimum. Moreover, NSGA-II was utilized, which let the designer trade-off between alternatives while considering other criteria.
On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration
Authors: Gaztanaga Enrique
Published: August 2024

In relativity, the newtonian concepts of velocity and acceleration are observer-dependent quantities that vary with the chosen frame of reference. It is well established that, in the comoving frame, cosmic expansion is currently accelerating; however, in the rest frame, this expansion is actually decelerating. In this paper, we explore the implications of this distinction. The traditional measure of cosmic acceleration, denoted by \( q \), is derived from the comoving frame and describes the acceleration of the scale factor \( a \) for a 3D space-like homogeneous sphere. We introduce a new parameter, \( q_E \), representing the acceleration experienced between observers within the light cone. By comparing \( q_E \) to the traditional \( q \), using observational data from Type Ia supernovae (SN) and the radial clustering of galaxies and quasars (BAO)—including the latest results from DESI2024—our analysis demonstrates that \( q_E \) aligns more closely with this data. The core argument of the paper is that $\Lambda$—regardless of its origin—creates an Event Horizon that divides the manifold into causally disconnected regions, analogous to conditions inside a black hole’s interior, thereby allowing for a rest frame perspective $q_E$ in which cosmic expansion appears to be decelerating and the horizon acts like a friction term. Such horizon suggests that the universe cannot maintain homogeneity outside. The observed cosmological constant \( \Lambda \) can then be interpreted not as a driver of new dark energy or a modification of gravity, but as a boundary term exerting an attractive force, akin to a rubber band, resisting further expansion and preventing event horizon crossings. This interpretation calls for a reconsideration of current cosmological models and the assumptions underlying them.
IoT and Fuzzy Logic Integration to Prevent Hazards in Tehran’s Utilities
Authors: Akhavan Mahdi , Rashvand Pooria , Seyed Razzaghi Mehran
Published: August 2024

It is not plausible to predict disasters; however, still the least that may be done is to get ready for that. In disaster circumstances, nowadays, the existing internet of things (IoT) technology is rather developed and capable of being highly beneficial. For many countries, the early warning system for natural catastrophes is a crucial challenge, especially for high seismic hazard countries. Primary function of an early warning system is to assist individuals and authorities to save lives and reduce secondary damage once a disaster occurs. Even though such systems have been defined for the earthquake on the basis of IoT, the least attention has been focused on the post decisions for substructure monitoring systems which can control the gas and electric lifelines given the critical time. Combination of Fuzzy system with IoT can improve the decision making process after the disasters occur. This program minimizes costs and destruction in cities. Tehran is a high seismic hazard area which contains an expanded network of the gas transmission system. Hence, a major seismic event may cause serious loss directly and indirectly owing to the damage to the gas and electric transmission network. The proposed early warning system contains a grid of strong ground motion stations. Each station contains five sensors to collect accurate data and send the data to the cloud server, then the server executes relevant scenarios.