bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow Past of a Drilling Riser System with Auxiliary Lines in Laminar Flow
Authors: Mohd Asamudin A. Rahman  , Fatin Alias  , Mohd Hairil Mohd
Published: January 2023

Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) has emerged as a crucial problem that may arise during a drilling operation, which could result in riser failure. Engineers focus on drilling riser's flow characteristics and controls with the intention of improving the drilling environment. Auxiliary lines or control rods are usually placed around the main drilling riser to suppress the VIV. However, the issue related to the flow past drilling riser system with auxiliaries has yet to be resolved. The flow characteristics around a riser system with auxiliaries were analysed in this research. The simulations were conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, Altair AcuSolve. This work focuses on the influence of various gap ratios (G/D) and diameter ratios (d/D) on the vortex interaction. A main cylinder with six auxiliary lines was modelled with G/D of 0 to 2.0 and d/D of 0.10 to 0.60 to simulate the riser system. The simulations were carried out at Reynold Number of 200 in the laminar flow regime. The results revealed that the hydrodynamic forces decreased when d/D and G/D increased. The vortex shedding was significantly reduced for auxiliary lines with G/D between 0.3 and 1.4. The numerical simulation results indicated that the vortex interaction in the wake region was, and the hydrodynamic forces were reduced due to the auxiliary lines configurations. The findings of this study are intended to contribute a new CFD simulation result for a better prediction of VIV on a drilling riser with auxiliary lines.
ORGANIZING SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCES AT FRENCH LESSONS IN HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Наталья Геннадьевна Гордеева, , Лилия Александровна Метелькова, , Анастасия Юрьевна Шерстякова,
Published: January 2023

Научно-практическая конференция стала неотъемлемой частью внеурочной деятельности школьников, так как современное образование ставит главную задачу: важно не только сформировать у обучающихся знания, но и развить у них мышление и способность творчески осваивать различные способы практической деятельности. Учащиеся могут самореализоваться, получить неоценимый опыт, обратившись к научному исследованию. Знание же иностранных языков очень важно в нынешних условиях современного мира. Иностранный язык требуется практически в любой сфере жизни, особенно при трудоустройстве на работу, поэтому учителю нужно дать достаточно знаний своим учащимся. Данное исследование посвящено вопросам организации работы научно-практических конференций на уроках французского языка в старших классах, которая рассматривается авторами как часть учебного процесса, направленная на повышение мотивации к изучению французского языка. В статье выделены проблемы, которые возникают при внедрении научно-практических конференций в процесс изучения французского языка, а также наиболее эффективные приемы подготовки обучающихся, представлены преимущества участия обучающихся в научно-практических конференциях, дано подробное описание процесса подготовки к выступлению, определена его четкая структура. Также авторы дают практическое обоснование эффективности участия обучающихся в научно-практических конференциях в целях повышения мотивации к изучению французского языка.

The scientific and practical conference has become an integral part of the extracurricular activities of pupils, since modern education sets the main task: it is important not only to form students’ knowledge, but also to develop thinking and to form children’s ability to creatively master various ways of practical activity. Students can find fulfilment and gain invaluable experience by turning to scientific research. Knowledge of foreign languages is very important in the current conditions of the modern world. A foreign language is required in almost any sphere of life, especially when applying for a job, so teachers need to give enough knowledge to their students. This article is devoted to the organization of scientific and practical conferences in French classes in high school, which is considered by the authors as part of the educational process aimed at increasing motivation in learning French. The paper highlights the problems that arise when implementing scientific and practical conferences in the process of learning French, as well as the most effective methods of training students. The article presents the advantages of students’ participation in scientific and practical conferences, gives a detailed description of the process of preparing for a speech, defines its clear structure. The authors of the article provide a practical justification for the effectiveness of students’ participation in scientific and practical conferences in order to increase motivation to learn French.
DIGITALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: BARRIERS TO DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND ONLINE COLLABORATIVE LEARNING (OCL)
Authors: Елена Юрьевна Тернер,
Published: January 2023

В статье приведены результаты критического анализа источников и литературы по цифровизации и ее влиянию на трансформацию обучения в высших учебных заведениях. Рассмотрены барьеры цифровой трансформации в вузах и основные положения теории онлайн-обучения (OCL), предприняты попытки определить преимущества и недостатки цифровизации образования, рассмотреть произошедшие изменения в выборе способов обучения и преподавания в период пандемии COVID-19, описать и проанализировать различные способы образования и обучения. Результаты аналитического обзора показали, что преподавательские практики все время адаптируются, совершенствуются и развиваются с учетом постоянно преобразующейся социально-экономической среды. Признается важность адаптации к меняющейся среде обучения и преподавания, которую нельзя считать статичной. В ходе исследования была отмечена важность участия преподавателей и студентов в реализации цифровизации в процессе обучения и в педагогической практике. В статье также приводится несколько критических показателей успеха для внедрения OCL. В работе обозначены некоторые из наиболее сложных проблем и препятствий, связанных с цифровизацией практики обучения и преподавания в высших учебных заведениях.

The article presents the results of a critical analysis of the sources on digitalization and its impact on the transformation of education in higher education institutions; examines the barriers of digital transformation in higher education institutions and the main provisions of the theory of online collaborative learning (OCL); makes attempts to determine the advantages and disadvantages of digitalization of education, to consider the changes that have occurred in the choice of ways of learning and teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic, to describe and analyze the different ways of education and training. The results of the analytical review showed that teaching practices are constantly adapting, improving and developing considering the constantly transforming socio-economic environment. The article recognizes the importance of adapting to an ever-changing learning and teaching environment that cannot be considered static. In the course of the study, the importance of the participation of teachers and students in the implementation of digitalization in the learning process and in pedagogical practice was noted. This article also provides several critical success metrics for OCL implementation. The article identifies some of the most difficult problems and obstacles associated with the digitalization of the practice of learning and teaching in higher education institutions.
Introduction
Authors: Edinger William
Published: January 2023

The introduction states the book’s purpose: to examine and critique Wordsworth’s and Coleridge’s participation in a many-sided cultural formation of the British long eighteenth century which is here called critical naturalism. The governing keywords of critical naturalism are nature and genius, sister terms whose discursive authority in later-eighteenth-century writing on aesthetics, literature, and the fine arts was virtually unrivaled. The introduction also discusses the study’s method (primarily philological) and provides a brief description of each chapter.
The Imagination/Fancy Distinction and the Tradition of Critical Binaries
Authors: Edinger William
Published: January 2023

Chapters two through eight relate Coleridge’s practical criticism and Wordsworth’s practical criticism, poetic practice, and interpretation of his visionary experience to a variety of literary and critical traditions. Chapter two begins by looking closely at the two poet-critics’ descriptions of the poetic qualities and effects which they intend their imagination / fancy distinction to capture. It then relates features of the binary imagination / fancy distinction to earlier patterns of binary discrimination in long-eighteenth-century taste-criticism, beginning with the binary patterns in classical (Greco-Roman) style criticism which the taste-critics absorbed into their own approach to style.
Perceptual Naturalism In Wordsworth (I)
Authors: Edinger William
Published: January 2023

Chapters five and six focus on Wordsworth. The first part of chapter five examines Wordsworth’s problematic relationship to the eighteenth-century discourses of “the picturesque.” The remainder of the chapter explores Wordsworth’s naturalist views on culture, education, and language. Despite his general adherence to eighteenth-century universalism in human psychology, Wordsworth understands that the appreciation of beauty and sublimity in both nature and art exists universally in human nature only potentially, and that its realization presupposes culture and education. The question arises: What is Wordsworth’s naturalist idea of acculturation? Passages from his prose works show that Wordsworth’s hypothetical accounts of “natural” aesthetic education are in fact accounts of self-education constructed in strictly empirical terms.
Recovering Atlantis
Authors: Almagor Laura
Published: January 2023

This chapter talks about Territorialism's ‘second wave’ of the 1930s onwards as part of the larger non-Zionist Jewish political reality of the period. It puts forward the argument that a fuller understanding of Jewish politics, both before and after the Second World War, requires an account of Territorialism not as an isolated story but as part of the history of this wider constellation of parties and organizations that were active on the Jewish political scene, both in Europe and the United States. The chapter also pays attention to an exploration of the lives and works of the most important Territorialist protagonists: Ben-Adir, Joseph Leftwich, and, especially, Isaac Steinberg. It discusses the movement's ideas about the value of the Jewish diaspora and Jewish religious practices, the Freelanders' vision for the future of (American) Judaism, their dealings with antisemitism and the Holocaust, and their growing engagement with Yiddish and Yiddishism. Moreover, the chapter explores different Territorialist settlement options, most importantly Madagascar, Australia, and Suriname. The chapter offers novel perspectives on the problem of Jewish displaced persons during the late 1940s with which the Suriname project was intimately connected. It then turns to the Freelanders' slow transition away from Jewish politics that continued until the early 1960s.
Grandparents and the Multigenerational Home
Authors: Russ-Fishbane Elisha
Published: January 2023

This chapter situates the active roles of the older generation within the family unit. In Mediterranean communities between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries, the older generation undertook its own fair share of travel in an effort to visit disparate parts of the family or to serve as intermediaries between them. The chapter reveals the fact that the multigenerational household was not always organic but was often legally manufactured and enforced. It talks about marriage contracts surviving from the Genizah, wherein the older generation inserted clauses that stipulated the obligation of the young couple to share their new home with one or other of their parents and never to remove them against their will. Given the potential for strained relations in the same residence, those of the older generation sought to secure their place in the home.
Family Networks of Care
Authors: Russ-Fishbane Elisha
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on the family unit as the primary locus of elder care. It depicts the transition to financial and familial dependence, beginning with an account of retirement before underscoring the cultural expectations of filial duty both in the pages of the Genizah and in the tracts of Jewish ethical and legal literature. It also points out that adult children and children-in-law complement one another in elder care, as much as grandfathers and grandmothers played different roles in childcare. The chapter explains how the adult son or son-in-law was typically responsible for the material well-being of the older generation, from food and clothing to medical care and funeral arrangements. It reviews alternatives to the traditional family unit, which demonstrate both the vulnerability and ingenuity of the elderly seeking stable homes in which to live out their remaining years with a measure of independence and dignity.
Sleuthing Miss Marple
Authors: Prideaux Desirée
Published: January 2023

Sleuthing Miss Marple combines extensive textual evidence with new methods of literary analysis to cast fresh light on Agatha Christie’s crime fiction. This investigation mirrors the structure and playful analytic style of a detective novel. It begins at the ‘scene of the crime’, to place Christie and the clue-puzzle in historical context. This provides insight into the methods, the motives, and, in a sense, the alibis that underpin Christie’s crime fiction. This book explores the portrayal and narrative placements of primary and secondary characters, and the narrative devices and literary strategies used by Christie to grant or deny their agency in the texts. The diverse uses that Christie makes of the mundane and mystical aspects of the spinster stereotype are uncovered, and original hypotheses about the ‘Heroic Women’ and ‘Breathless Men’ of the Marple mysteries are introduced. In addition, this book provides a thorough overview of parody and the Gothic which is freshly applied to analysis of Christie’s manipulations of genre. In keeping with the clue-puzzle analytical method devised for this book, each chapter builds towards a conclusion that delivers a surprising intellectual payoff.
Solving The Thirteen Problems
Authors: Prideaux Desirée
Published: January 2023

Chapter Three considers the inceptive Marple mysteries. The short stories of The Thirteen Problems mark Marple’s first appearance in print, and were written during the interwar years. In keeping with genre demands for ‘realism’, Christie’s characters are modelled on then-familiar social stereotypes, and inhabit a comically heightened version of their contemporary patriarchal society. Thus, they provide examples of Christie’s engagements with the emergent clue-puzzle genre, and responses to established gender norms. The cultural stereotypes ‘embodied’ by main narrating characters are identified, as are the discourses that they espouse. This facilitates analysis of the ways in which these ideological stances function to help or hinder them in their attempts to solve the thirteen problems. The different genre styles that Christie associates with each narrating character are also assessed for the ways in which they allow, or inhibit agency. This highlights the ideological perspectives which confer success in Christie’s crime fiction game.
Marple and Agency
Authors: Prideaux Desirée
Published: January 2023

Chapter Five uncovers a previously unobserved strategy used by Christie to grant agency to Marple. This chapter argues that Christie parodically evokes the heroic paradigm in strategic depictions of Marple. Textual evidence demonstrates that Christie aligns the spinster-sleuth with ideals and characteristics more typically associated with masculine heroes, and blends these qualities with feminine traits. This endows Marple with feminine-heroic characteristics. Thus, Marple occupies a narrative position that both uses and subverts the heroic ideal. Further, this chapter shows that Christie interprets the archetypal detective’s superior powers of observation in ways that prioritise a feminine perspective. Foucault’s conceptualisation of the panopticon is adapted to demonstrate Marple’s mastery of the gaze. The official investigation is stymied because it is read through a lens of masculine enquiry. It is only when the crime is investigated by Christie’s woman detective, and considered from a feminine point of view, that it may be solved.
The Topographic Imaginary
Authors: Blatt Ari J.
Published: January 2023

Since the early 1980s, art photographers from metropolitan France have been training their lenses on ordinary landscapes throughout the country they call home. The Topographic Imaginary is the first book to study this important and flourishing trend. It examines work by artists who meld documentary and creative modes to attune viewers to places that mainstream culture tends to tune out, but which, as Ari J. Blatt argues, are in fact more meaningful than they initially appear. From views of building sites in Paris, peri-urban edgelands, or a tangle of trees in a forest, to those that ponder the play of light and shadow on roadside fields in Normandy or the tacky colors painted on dated village shopfronts, images that signal the emergence of a “topographic turn” in contemporary French photography constitute new ways of seeing and sensing France’s diverse national territory. As Blatt suggests, they also represent a visual laboratory through which to investigate how landscape “scapes” our understanding of French culture. In their efforts to reimagine a more traditional and time-worn idea of France’s shared common space, topographic photographs animate conversations about capital and class, cities and their peripheries, the politics and impact of development, migration and borders, memory, history, and affect, empire and postcolonialism, national identity, and the changing environment. The Topographic Imaginary thus reveals how attending to place in pictures provides valuable insight into the disposition of a nation in flux.
Introduction
Authors: Blatt Ari J.
Published: January 2023

“Topophilic” photographers in contemporary France endow everyday landscapes with the capacity to expand viewers’ way of seeing, experiencing, and apprehending the diverse territories that comprise modern France. The Introduction argues that their work does so by deploying a “forensic” aesthetic that harnesses the visual and material characteristics of medium- and large-format photography to establish a strong sense of place, one that functions as an “attentional prosthesis” capable of drawing viewers’ attention to sites that mainstream culture tends to neglect. While this “topographic turn” in contemporary French photography has its roots in landscape photography from the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Mission photographique de la DATAR from the 1980s signals a true watershed moment. Building on this important precursor, the new brand of topographic photography that has emerged in France since then represents a visual laboratory through which French culture can both observe and work through why landscape matters. The photographic series and photobooks under consideration throughout The Topographic Imaginary bring distinct portions of the territory into close range, allowing viewers the opportunity to contemplate, in an encapsulated yet surprisingly metonymical way, what attending to place might reveal about a number of issues preoccupying the nation as a whole.
‘All is done as I have told’
Authors: Callaghan Madeleine
Published: January 2023

Chapter one views eternity as the vital preoccupation of Blake’s work. In There is No Natural Religion, Blake asserts that ‘less than All cannot satisfy Man’ (‘The Argument’, There is No Natural Religion, [b], V. E p. 2) as his conception of eternity is of the ‘All’ that can be imagined without limits. Blake’s artistic career is devoted to exploring eternity’s potential. In love with ‘the Human Imagination: which is the Divine Vision & Fruition’ (Milton: A Poem II. 32 [35], 19, E, p. 130), Blake shows that to write eternity is the ultimate challenge to the poet’s vision. Blake’s version of eternity is personal and compelling: source hunting cannot explain his myth making. Blake’s chosen task is to make his reader see as he sees, and ‘open the Eternal Worlds’ (Jerusalem I. 5. 18 E, p. 147) before our eyes.
Wordsworth
Authors: Callaghan Madeleine
Published: January 2023

Chapter two reads Wordsworth’s poetry as carefully divided between the claims of both sight and vision, where the poet navigates between the mortal world and intimations of eternity to create a poetry alive to ‘the world / Of all of us’ (The Prelude (1805) X: 725-6), in both its divine and its mortal guises. Eternity is a focus for criss-crossing tensions and pulls in the writing, and, above all, eternity sponsors the process of search and quest in the poetry. This chapter contends that there is no philosophical schema that can finally encapsulate Wordsworth’s understanding of the relationship between the earthly sight and eternal vision. The movement between sight and vision, the real and the eternal, is predicated upon the viewpoint and visionary capability of the observing ‘I’. Wordsworthian eternity shifts, evolves, and alters from poem to poem.
Coleridge and the Hunger for Eternity
Authors: Callaghan Madeleine
Published: January 2023

Coleridge’s view of eternity sees him create not quite a harmony, nor even a ‘reputable muddle’, but a ceaseless vacillation between ideas, possibilities, and ways of perceiving eternity alongside what Seamus Perry refers to as his ‘consistent double-mindedness’. This chapter views poetry as the primary mode for thinking about and through eternity where exploration works both in tandem and in tension with system building. Coleridge’s philosophical influences were of profound importance as powerful presences that sponsor the poetry’s vacillations, its confidence, and its vulnerability. But they cannot decode the poetry. Philosophical meaning is inextricable from its poetic method as Coleridge ‘increasingly positioned poetry in the philosophical role of representing the “system of fine arts”’. Poetry’s ‘philosophical role’ would not be systematic but explorative. This chapter traces the movement and telos of Coleridge’s poetry, viewing it as enamoured by and struggling with its apprehension of eternity.
Desire and Eternity in Shelley’s Poetry
Authors: Callaghan Madeleine
Published: January 2023

This chapter traces Shelley’s evolving fascination with eternity. Enamoured by eternity, Shelley wrote version of eternity into his poetry from the beginning until the end of his career. But Shelley was a profoundly political and socially aware poet, devoted to justice in this world as much as he was drawn to eternity. Shelley was deeply read in philosophy, and though less up to date with advances in German philosophy than Coleridge who stood ‘at the cutting edge of new thinking’, Shelley’s poetry seems alert to many of the same questions found in contemporary German philosophy. Eternity seems the inexpressible state to which all Shelleyan expression yearns. Eternity is an elsewhere unknowable to mortals, but one that remains vital to mankind in its promise of ‘some bright Eternity’ (Epipsychidion, 115).
Hemans’s Records of Woman and the Eternity of Female Suffering
Authors: Callaghan Madeleine
Published: January 2023

Chapter seven shows Felicia Hemans’s Records of Woman as crystallising the female problem with eternity. Hemans shows that female suffering and female existence is inextricably bound. Eternity is shunted to one side in favour of everlastingness: this is not a choice but the only option meted out to women. Hemans, though focused on the personal ephemeral experiences of the everyday, trains an eye upon eternity, where instead of an imagined utopia, Hemans remains anchored to the eternal and unchanging fate of women as detailed through each of her poems that constitute Records of Woman. Imprisoned within a shared fate, Hemans’s women form a sorority of suffering that insists on female lives as following an unalterable form. Hemans’s reveals that for women such an understanding of eternity as duration can only amount to suffering. For the female poet, eternity is barred from view: only everlastingness remains.
Needles from the Nile
Authors: Elliott Chris
Published: January 2023

In the hearts of London and New York stand their two oldest public monuments, Cleopatra’s Needles, the last of a series of obelisks from Ancient Egypt to be moved abroad during a period of over two thousand years. This book uses the Needles to examine how objects embody the cultures that create them, and how the use, value, and meaning of these objects change as they are transferred between cultures by gift, sale, barter, or theft. It explores the way in which obelisks functioned as imperial trophies, how their transfer was part of the complex political manoeuvring between European powers, America, the Ottoman Empire, and the semi-autonomous rulers of Egypt, and how their acquisition reflected the relative power of these parties. In contrast, it also examines the crucial role that private individuals and finance played in the acquisition and transport of the obelisks, and how popular understanding of them, and of the culture they came from, often differed from those of social and professional elites. It also relates the Needles to contemporary debates about the ownership of cultural artefacts, the legacy of colonial history, and the nature of reception as the process of understanding and valuing the past and its surviving material and immaterial culture.
From Antiquity to Icon
Authors: Elliott Chris
Published: January 2023

Chapter Four covers the continuing reception of the London Needle after its re-erection in 1878. From its arrival in the capital there were concerns that it would be damaged or destroyed by bringing it to England, and despite successive cleanings and coatings of the Needle, research has shown the persistence of the perception that it is being damaged by the atmosphere of the capital even in the face of scientific evidence to the contrary. A repeatedly used trope has been that the obelisk had suffered ‘more damage in x years in London than x centuries in Egypt’. The supposed threat to the obelisk can be seen as a metaphor for the relationship of Londoners with their grossly polluted city.
The New York Needle
Authors: Elliott Chris
Published: January 2023

The process of acquiring the second obelisk from Alexandria, now in New York, and also known as Cleopatra’s Needle, was much shorter than that for the London obelisk, but it is still possible to usefully compare them. This chapter will examine how far they were understood and valued in similar ways, and how far the same concepts of property, ownership, and value can be used to discuss this. Following a summary of the acquisition and transport of the New York obelisk, this chapter uses evidence from various sources, mainly newspapers and magazines, to examine contemporary speculation and comment about the motivations for its acquisition, including the desire to emulate Britain and France, who already had obelisks, as well as opposition in America and outside it to the removal of the second Needle from Alexandria.
Property, Perception, And The Past
Authors: Elliott Chris
Published: January 2023

The concluding chapter (Chapter 6) reviews concepts of property and value in relation to the Needle and the reception of Ancient Egypt, beginning with the issues of why it was thought worthwhile to acquire, who was thought to be responsible for this, and the legal status of the obelisk. This includes the role of the state, private individuals and public-private partnerships and quasi-autonomous governmental bodies in its acquisition and transport, and connections between the state and civil society. Also considered are ownership of the obelisk, and how this affected its gift, acceptance, and current status. Related to this are issues including how far economic factors, which were considered by many at the time to be responsible for the protracted delay in transporting it to London, were actually secondary to political considerations. The results of research covered earlier will be used to examine the question of retention or repatriation of antiquities, in the context of the relationship between European nation states and Egypt, and how this developed over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
“Comic-book Type Humour and Extreme Staging”: Script Development
Authors: Towlson Jon
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses the script development of Dawn of the Dead from initial treatment to final screenplay. Romero’s linking of social conditioning to insanity in his earlier films Night of the Living Dead and The Crazies would become key to Dawn of the Dead (where the characters struggle to assume autonomy and self-awareness, having been contaminated by consumer greed). Romero was conscious of developing his comic-book style as a filmmaker at this stage in his career, and the unremitting bleakness of those earlier films would be replaced by an increasingly bawdy and irreverent tone as Romero moved toward ever more extreme forms of social satire in the scripting and filming process. The ghoulish satire of Dawn of the Dead is firmly in the E.C. comic book tradition. Anti-military satire, of which The Crazies is an example (and Dawn of the Dead also satirises America’s obsession with guns), was a popular trend in cinema at the start of the 1970s, starting with Robert Altman’s M*A*S*H (1970). Romero looked to such directors as Altman and Stanley Kubrick as independent filmmakers who bucked Hollywood norms.
“I Knew That the Only Way to Do This Was to Just Beat It to Death”: Production
Authors: Towlson Jon
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines the production process of Dawn of the Dead. Romero’s screenplay sets out the story as a morality tale reminiscent of the E.C. comics style. There is a formal precision to the screenplay whose social commentary was deliberately built into the sequence of story events. However, as filming got underway, Romero added improvised, unscripted sequences in a manner reminiscent of Bakhtin’s idea of the carnivalesque. Turning the filming into carnival and encouraging invention from cast, crew and extras injected Dawn of the Dead with a boisterous quality that was lacking in the script. Moreover, it moved Dawn of the Dead toward a deconstruction of genre. The chapter argues that running through the film is a critique of frontier mythology which compares with that of the revisionist Western films of the 1960s and ’70s. The revisionist Western or ‘anti-Western’ had a strong influence on the horror films in the ‘American Nightmare’ cycle. Dawn of the Dead can be seen as a culmination of this shared cultural inquiry and a departure from the nihilism of the apocalyptic horror film. What makes Dawn of the Dead remarkable in this respect is its ending, which is guardedly optimistic without restoring normative values.
Too Long and Too Strong: Distribution
Authors: Towlson Jon
Published: January 2023

This chapter details the challenges that Dawn of the Dead presented to film distributors in terms of its length and violent content. In these ways, Dawn of the Dead might be considered a ‘rebel text’: an oppositional work within the Hollywood system. Romero and his producer Richard Rubinstein were reluctant to reduce the final running time to less than 120 minutes. This proved to be the first obstacle in finding a US distributor: the running time caused concerns for sales agents, who thought it too long for an exploitation movie. Dawn of the Dead challenged industry wisdom that horror films could not be epic. In the US Romero held out not just for final cut but for the extreme gore scenes to stay intact. The threat of an “X”-rating made potential distributors Warner Bros and American International Pictures walk away. Eventually United Film Distribution Company (UFD), a subsidiary of the United Artists Theater Chain, agreed to distribute it uncut and unrated. Dawn of the Dead’s resulting huge financial success contributed to ending the “X”-rating in America.
“Deadened by Blood and Gore”:Censorship
Authors: Towlson Jon
Published: January 2023

Although Dawn of the Dead polarized critics and shocked audiences, the biggest challenge it posed was to the film industry’s regulatory bodies, as this chapter discusses. Dawn of the Dead’s financial success as an unrated film undermined the MPAA rating system, putting pressure on the MPAA to make changes to the system, which eventually resulted in the replacement of the “X”-rating with the “NC-17”. In Britain – according to then BBFC president James Ferman – Dawn of the Dead was considered a threat in terms of confronting the BBFC with “violence never before passed by the Board.” In Ontario, Canada it suffered severe cuts; and in Australia it was initially banned. Part of the threat Dawn of the Dead posed to these regulatory bodies arose because of its status as an independent film. The chapter argues that studio films, such as Friday the 13th (1979) were felt by the regulators to be mitigated by their essentially conservative moral messages; Romero’s satire of consumer-capitalism was, by contrast, ideologically troubling to censors.
Conclusion
Authors: Haberman Steve
Published: January 2023

Like Corman’s other doomed protagonists, Prince Prospero finds that the only truth is death and the only meaning is the desperate and tragic quest to learn and accept that truth. By demonstrating through close analysis of the screenplay drafts how this theme emerged in collaboration, this study presents the creative partnership of Corman and his writers as an auteurist model of individuals working together to craft the vision of the director.
Introduction: The Primacy of Screens
Authors: Wilson D. Harlan
Published: January 2023

Adapted from a short story by legendary SF author Philip K. Dick, Minority Reportexplores the dynamics of contemporary screen culture and the science-fictionalization of lived experience. In this diegesis, audiovisual screens (material and holographic, two-dimensional and three-dimensional, actual and figurative) scaffold reality, dictate how characters perceive themselves, and portray how they relate to one another within the context of high-tech, media-saturated society. Wilson’s monograph offers a detailed overview of the film while unpacking the features that make it a work of art, a contribution to cinema, an instalment in Spielberg’s filmography, and a critique of postmodern, consumer-capitalist culture and identity.
Beyond Trawlertown
Authors: Byrne Joanne
Published: January 2023

Beyond Trawlertown takes a journey through the British distant-water trawl fishery and its port-city connections in an era of disruption. In 1976, defeat in the Anglo-Icelandic Cod Wars saw the British trawling fleet excluded from its traditional hunting grounds. Combining with wider global factors, the move brought an end to long-established trawling practices, with profound social, economic and cultural repercussions. Through a case study of the port of Hull, oral history and archival research explore the challenges, responses and legacy of rapid change. Although the emphasis is on Hull, this is far from a local history. Hull’s position among the world leading distant-water pioneers gives the story international significance. Focusing on memory, lived experience and place, the book goes beyond established narratives. Personal acts of remembering offer cultural perspectives on how global events and marine policy impact upon the seafaring communities that live with the consequences. The Cod Wars signaled an end, yet amid the disruption there were also new beginnings. And in the wake of an active fishery, the rhythms of the past continue to resonate in the negotiation of fishing heritage within the contemporary city. Through the convergence of time, place and memory, this holistic narrative of interweaving stories reveals the intricacies of our human interaction with the marine environment and the aftermath when its threads are broken.
Beyond Trawlertown
Authors: Byrne Jo
Published: January 2023

This concluding chapter reviews the journey of the British distant-water fishery throughout and following the turbulence of the 1970s. It analyses the concurrent experience of decline and adaptation, contraction and resilience, unpreparedness, rapid entrepreneurship, substantial loss and yet some gains – all made visible through this focused study of a single trawling port. By the 1980s the remaining fishery was a shadow of its former scale and confidence, but there were survivors. For Hull’s trawling community in the dockside district of Hessle Road, life had changed beyond recognition and would never regain the taken for granted rhythms, culture and certainties of the former close-knit fishery. However, the desire for remembrance, evidenced through the ongoing campaigns for heritage representation, reveals a trawling past that remains relevant and alive - within a city that lost yet retained its connection with fish.
“Wrong is Red, and right is…Red, White and Blue!” – Vietnam, Imperialism, and Jokes about the French
Authors: Sage Tyler
Published: January 2023

This chapter locates Mr. Freedom in the context of the American war in Vietnam, and the narratives that were developed to address that war. These include the American literature of the era, as well as war films and revisionist Western films. It also discusses the American notion of heroism as it was affected by the war, and American views of the French involvement in the war.
“Yeah!” – Visuals, Technicals, Dialogues
Authors: Sage Tyler
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on the technical construction of Mr. Freedom. The relationship of director William Klein's visual approach and dialogue writing to the overall thematics of the film is discussed. This is then put into the context of the larger questions of the relationship of form and content in cinema.
The OA as a Brit Marling and Zal Batmanglij Collaboration
Authors: Sweeney David
Published: January 2023

This chapter briefly places The OA in the context of Marling and Batmanglij's previous collaborations, the feature films Sound of My Voice (2011) and The East (2013), identifying consistent narrative themes, diegetic techniques and production practices. It also addresses Another Earth (2011), Marling’s collaboration with another director, Mike Cahill, which contains thematic elements later developed in The OA.
Conclusion
Authors: Sweeney David
Published: January 2023

This section draws together the various discussion threads from the preceding chapters. It also addresses how Marling has encouraged fans to continue ‘authoring’ The OA in their own fiction, as well as providing speculation on how the series may have developed had it not been cancelled by Netflix after the second season. The section discusses, too, the fan campaign #SaveTheOA which attempted, via social media, to convince Netflix to revive the series.
Nursing Mothers in Eighteenth-Century France
Authors: Marcus Lisa Algazi
Published: January 2023

The eighteenth century saw an abundance of representations of breast-feeding, particularly after Rousseau’s Emile.This chapter provides an overview of breast-feeding mothers in literature and the arts prior to and during the Revolution.
The Absence of the Breast in the Tale of the Romantic Hero
Authors: Marcus Lisa Algazi
Published: January 2023

In contrast to the popularity of breast-feeding imagery in the previous century, literary representations of nursing mothers became scarce during the Romantic period. This chapter examines possible explanations for this change.
The Ground Beneath Our Feet: Positions and Position-Takings in World-Literary Studies
Authors: Lazarus Neil
Published: January 2023

A theoretical chapter, laying the ground for the analysis to follow in chapters 2 and 3. Searching for a method that would enable historical and formal literary analysis to be conjoined, I survey the existing positions in world literary studies, laying out my own arguments for an approach that understands world literature as the literature of the modern world-system. I begin by assessing the achievements of such theorists as Schwarz, Jameson, Moretti, Casanova, and Williams, and engage critically with the work of contemporary scholars in modernist, postcolonial and translation studies – Orsini, Kristal, Friedman, Apter, Damrosch, and Cheah – who refute the premise of a world-system or who fail to grasp the ‘world’ in ‘world literature’ in systemic terms. I conclude by considering Gramsci’s ideas about translatability.
Work, Literary Form and the Ideology of Culture
Authors: Lazarus Neil
Published: January 2023

I begin this chapter by discussing Adorno’s understanding of the social bearing of culture, focusing on the unresolvable contradiction between mental and manual labour to which he draws our attention. I use Adorno as a way into an examination of the way in which writers across the globe in the contexts of capitalist modernity have written about work, including the work of writing itself. My analysis draws on the scholarship of such theorists as Thompson, Lukács, Eagleton, Le Goff, Williams, Shanin, and Löwy. My commentary is anchored in detailed readings of a wide range of writers, among them Keats, Yi Mun-yol, Desai, Yang Jiang, Gorky, Ngugi, Tax, Neuman, Turgenev, Kang Kyŏng-ae, Okri, and Serote. I discuss the relation between language and labour as it is figured in the work of these writers, and also
Stone Upon Stone: Land, Labour and Consciousness
Authors: Lazarus Neil
Published: January 2023

I begin this chapter by extending the commentary begun in Chapter 2 on the problematics of writing about work, examining the ways in which writers have endeavoured to find the appropriate language (and vocabulary) to represent the work-consciousness of their various protagonists. This emerges as a special problem, obviously, whenever writers seek to write across the divides of social difference – class, caste, race, sex, gender, age, as the case may be. But I focus also (and especially) on writing that registers the transformation in the practice (as well as the practicability) of writing in circumstances in which literature and literary production themselves are being reconfigured as forms of commodity production. My analysis draws on the work of such theorists as Sartre, Wientzen, Achebe, Berman, Williams, Bakhtin and Medvedev, Jason W. Moore, and John Berger.
Detailed readings are provided in the chapter of a wide range of writers, among them Heaney, Cynan Jones, Camara Laye, Tolstoy, Gissing, Hamsun, Ayi Armah, Turgenev, Chekhov, Gorky, and Wiesław Myśliwski, and Berger.
Introduction
Authors: Lübecker Nikolaj
Published: January 2023

The Introduction first presents the key question of 21st Century Symbolism: (how) can the writings of Baudelaire, Verlaine and Mallarmé help to establish a conception of subjectivity that is appropriate for our times? It situates this question in relation to contemporary critical debates (the so-called ‘non-anthropocentric ontologies’), and then introduces the six chapters. Furthermore the Introduction explains why the poets do not appear in chronological order: on the hand, this highlights that the volume is concerned with the question of what the poetry can contribute to contemporary debates (rather than the more widely studied question of how the poetry should be placed in its own historical context); on the other hand, the ordering allows the argument to move from the ontological questions that dominate the chapters about Verlaine (human-world relations), to the social take on human-world relations in the Baudelaire-chapters, and finally to Mallarmé’s thinking about how media participate in the production of subjectivities.
Haiku-Verlaine
Authors: Lübecker Nikolaj
Published: January 2023

This chapter argues that Verlaine is as close as we have to a French haiku-poet. His most famous poems present almost no narrative, they prioritise landscapes or settings, they search for (and produce) mostly non-dramatic forms of entanglement between settings and subjectivities. The chapter draws on Roland Barthes’s writings about haikus, which allow the presentation of two key concepts in 21st Century Symbolism. The first is individuation: instead of thinking about ourselves as individuals, we should think of ourselves as dynamic systems, as ongoing processes of individuation. The second key concept is practice: the idea that haikus (and Verlaine’s poetry) can be understood as meditative exercises in which we experience our entanglement in the world. The chapter suggests that Verlaine’s haiku-like poetry must be viewed as an ‘ecological practice’.
Baudelaire and the Power of Colour
Authors: Lübecker Nikolaj
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines a selection of Baudelaire’s art historical writings. It argues that the writings on colour-perception allow Baudelaire to escape a world of subject-object dialectics, and instead propose what can be called a ‘spiritualist-materialist’ ontology. To explain what this means, the chapter draw on thinkers such as Merleau-Ponty, Varela, and Deleuze, before reading Baudelaire alongside Joachim Gasquet’s interviews with Paul Cézanne. Through this ‘conversation’ with Cézanne, Baudelaire emerges as an ecological poet, who, like Cézanne, sees colour as ‘the place where our brains and the universe meet’ (Cézanne, 2012: 154). The second section of the chapter develops this argument through a reading of Baudelaire’s texts about toys (Morale du Joujou (1853), in particular). Finally, the chapter contributes to the classic debates about Baudelaire as a poet of modernity, the city and the capitalist transformations in 19th century France. Whereas sociologically oriented readers have marginalised Baudelaire’s writings on colour and nature, the current chapter argues that these texts disturb the anthropocentrism that many sociological readings (inadvertently) reinforce. In some respects, Baudelaire’s writings on colour are therefore more challenging for our capitalist culture than his well-known texts about modern urban life.
Mallarmé’s Demonic Media Theory
Authors: Lübecker Nikolaj
Published: January 2023

This chapter reads Mallarmé in conjunction with 20th and 21st century media theory. It begins with a close-reading of the prose poem ‘Le démon de l’analogie’. Here the narrator is caught in a media-environment (haunted by a mystical sentence) that he cannot comprehend. The chapter argues that the structure of subjectivity conveyed by Mallarmé’s text resonates with Mark Hansen’s analysis of subjectivity in our contemporary networked culture. It then brings the poet close to 20th century cybernetics, and in particular to the cybernetics inspired biologist Gregory Bateson. The chapter ends by underlining that this structure of subjectivity (also found in ‘Prose pour des Esseintes’ and Un coup de dés jamais n’abolira le hasard) puts twentieth-century phenomenology under pressure by marginalising human perception and sensation, thereby also challenging anthropocentrism.
The Art of Cable Laying
Authors: Daniels Morgan
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines the curious Victorian vogue for officially sanctioned paintings that depict submarine telegraph missions and the associated armies of colonial subjects hauling cables ashore. The author analyses, amongst others, a haunting image depicting the 1865 landing of the Indo-European telegraph at the Persian Gulf, with both archetypal white colonists and naked Indians up to their chests in mud. Using a Marxist analysis, such images are discussed in terms of their unveiling of the mechanisms of capitalism. They lay bare the vast amount of labour necessary to enable capitalist profits, whilst also making explicit the racist dynamic which is fundamental to such profit. The author questions, after Walter Benjamin: do these paintings 'expose' and destroy the secrets of capital, or do they, perversely, do justice to them by re-enchanting the murky business of creative surplus value?