bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of SI Engine Performance Operating with Low Octane Gasoline and Fuel Additives from Waste
Authors: Ali Obed Majeed , Koten Hasan , Alwan Naseer T.
Published: August 2022

Fuel additives from waste have been suggested to enhance low octane commercial gasoline in this study. Four samples were prepared in addition to pure commercial gasoline and denoted as GF0, GF4, GF8, GF12, and GF 16 which refer to fusel oil addition ratio of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12, and 16% respectively. Engine speed was controlled and increased manually from 1000 rpm to 3000 rpm at an increment of 500 rpm. Design of experiments is used to indicate the optimum additive dosage through response surface method optimization. Obtained results show that increasing engine speed significantly impacts the engine brake power, brake-specific fuel consumption, and brake thermal efficiency with a slight change for fusel oil ratio. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the maximum increase in output variables is statistically linked with the engine speed. The output response values at optimized conditions were 2.61812 kW brake power, 0.2431 kg/kW.hr brake-specific fuel consumption, and 36.5303% brake thermal efficiency. Based on the P-value, ANOVA data indicate that engine speed was a significant factor influencing output responses, while the fusel oil ratio was insignificant. However, fusel oil ratio of 8% has a significant effect on the brake thermal efficiency and BSFC.
La educación no cambia al mundo
Authors: Soto Mónica
Published: August 2022

Uno de los derechos sociales demandados continuamente en los últimos 20 años en nuestro país es el de una educación digna, gratuita y de calidad. En efecto, el llamado “mochilazo” del 2001, la revolución pingüina en el 2006, el movimiento estudiantil del 2011, el movimiento feminista del 2018, además del estallido social del 2019, que se inicia con el llamado a saltar el torniquete del metro, por estudiantes secundarios, debido a una serie de descontentos entre ellos el alza de 30 pesos en el pasaje, son considerados hitos fundamentales para el inicio del proceso Constituyente donde la educación debía considerarse como un derecho fundamental. Continuar leyendo...
Notch Signaling Promotes Mature T-Cell Lymphomagenesis
Authors: Gao Xin , Wang Chenguang , Abdelrahman Suhaib , Kady Nermin , Murga-Zamalloa Carlos , Gann Peter , Sverdlov Maria , Wolfe Ashley , Polk Avery , Brown Noah , Bailey Nathanael G. , Inamdar Kedar , Casavilca-Zambrano Sandro , Montes Jaime , Barrionuevo Carlos , Taxa Luis , Reneau John , Siebel Christian W. , Maillard Ivan , Wilcox Ryan A.
Published: August 2022

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are agressive lymphomas that develop from mature T cells. The most common PTCLs are genetically, molecularly, and clinically diverse and are generally associated with dismal outcomes. While Notch signaling plays a critically important role in both the development of immature T cells and their malignant transformation, its role in PTCL is poorly understood, despite the increasingly appreciated function of Notch in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of mature T cells. Here, we demonstrate that Notch receptors and their Delta-like family ligands (DLL1/DLL4) play a pathogenic role in PTCL. Notch1 activation was observed in common PTCL subtypes, including PTCL-not otherwise specified (NOS). In a large cohort of PTCL-NOS biopsies, Notch1 activation was significantly associated with surrogate markers of proliferation. Complementary genetically engineered mouse models and spontaneous PTCL models were used to functionally examine the role of Notch signaling, and Notch1/Notch2 blockade and pan-Notch blockade using dominant-negative MAML significantly impaired the proliferation of malignant T cells and PTCL progression in these models. Treatment with DLL1/DLL4 blocking antibodies established that Notch signaling is ligand-dependent. Together, these findings reveal a role for ligand-dependent Notch signaling in driving peripheral T-cell lymphomagenesis.

Significance:

This work demonstrates that ligand-dependent Notch activation promotes the growth and proliferation of mature T-cell lymphomas, providing new therapeutic strategies for this group of aggressive lymphomas.
Outcomes in Patients with Poor-Risk Cytogenetics with or without TP53 Mutations Treated with Venetoclax and Azacitidine
Authors: Pollyea Daniel A. , Pratz Keith W. , Wei Andrew H. , Pullarkat Vinod , Jonas Brian A. , Recher Christian , Babu Sunil , Schuh Andre C. , Dail Monique , Sun Yan , Potluri Jalaja , Chyla Brenda , DiNardo Courtney D.
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

To evaluate efficacy and safety of venetoclax + azacitidine in treatment-naïve patients with acute myeloid leukemia harboring poor-risk cytogenetics and TP53mut or TP53wt.

Patients and Methods:

We analyzed data from a phase III study (NCT02993523) comparing venetoclax (400 mg orally days 1–28) + azacitidine (75 mg/m2 days 1–7) or placebo + azacitidine, and from a phase Ib study (NCT02203773) of venetoclax + azacitidine. Patients were ineligible for intensive therapy. TP53 status was analyzed centrally; cytogenetic studies were performed locally.

Results:

Patients (n = 127) with poor-risk cytogenetics receiving venetoclax + azacitidine (TP53wt = 50; TP53mut = 54) were compared with patients with poor-risk cytogenetics (n = 56) receiving azacitidine alone (TP53wt = 22; TP53mut = 18).

For poor-risk cytogenetics + TP53wt patients, venetoclax + azacitidine versus azacitidine alone resulted in composite remission rates (CRc) of 70% versus 23%, median duration of remission (DoR) of 18.4 versus 8.5 months, and median overall survival (OS) of 23.4 versus 11.3 months, respectively. Outcomes with venetoclax + azacitidine were comparable with similarly treated patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics and TP53wt.

For poor-risk cytogenetics + TP53mut patients, venetoclax + azacitidine versus azacitidine alone resulted in CRc of 41% versus 17%, median DoR of 6.5 versus 6.7 months, and median OS of 5.2 versus 4.9 months, respectively.

For poor-risk cytogenetics + TP53mut patients, predominant grade ≥3 adverse events (AE) for venetoclax + azacitidine versus azacitidine were febrile neutropenia (55%/39%), thrombocytopenia (28%/28%), neutropenia (26%/17%), anemia (13%/6%), and pneumonia (28%/33%). AEs were comparable between TP53mut and TP53wt patients.

Conclusions:

In poor-risk cytogenetics + TP53mut patients, venetoclax + azacitidine improved remission rates but not DoR or OS compared with azacitidine alone. However, in poor-risk cytogenetics + TP53wt patients, venetoclax + azacitidine resulted in higher remission rates and longer DoR and OS than azacitidine alone, with outcomes comparable with similarly treated patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics. Toxicities were similar in TP53mut and TP53wt patients.

See related commentary by Green and Zeidner, p. 5235
Behavioural and Electrophysiological Evaluation of Loudness Growth in Clinically Normal Hearing Tinnitus Patients with and without Hyperacusis
Authors: Erinc Murat , Derinsu Ufuk
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The common mechanism of tinnitus, hyperacusis, and loudness perception is hypothesized to be related to central gain. Although central gain increases with attempts to compensate hearing loss, reduced input can also be observed in those with clinically normal hearing. This study aimed to evaluate the loudness growth function of tinnitus patients with and without hyperacusis using behavioural and electrophysiological methods. Methods: The study consists of three groups with a total of 60 clinically normal hearing subjects, including the control group (10 men and 10 women; mean age 39.8, SD 11.8 years), tinnitus group (10 men and 10 women; mean age 40.9, SD 12.2 years), and hyperacusis group (also have tinnitus) (7 men and 13 women; mean age 38.7, SD 14.6 years). Loudness discomfort levels (LDLs), categorical loudness scaling (CLS), and cortical auditory evoked potentials were used for the evaluation of loudness growth. N1-P2 component amplitudes and latencies were measured. Results: LDL results of 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 Hz showed a significant difference between the hyperacusis group and the other two groups (p < 0.001). In the loudness scale test performed with 500 Hz and 2,000 Hz narrow-band noise (NBN) stimulus, a significant difference was observed between the hyperacusis group and the other two groups in the “medium,” “loud,” and “very loud” categories (p < 0.001). In the cortical examination performed with 500 Hz and 2,000 Hz NBN stimulus at 40, 60, and 80 dB nHL intensities, no significant difference was observed between the groups in the N1, P2 latency, and N1-P2 peak-to-peak amplitude. Conclusion: Although the hyperacusis group is significantly different between groups in behavioural tests, the same cannot be said for electrophysiological tests. In our attempt to differentiate tinnitus and hyperacusis with electrophysiological tests over the loudness growth function, N1 and P2 responses were not seen as suitable methods. However, it appears to be beneficial to use CLS in addition to LDLs in behavioural tests.
Influence of Frailty and Life Expectancy on Guideline Adherence and Outcomes in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Leus Alet J.G. , Haisma Marjolijn S. , Terra Jorrit B. , Sidorenkov Grigory , Festen Suzanne , Plaat Boudewijn E.C. , Halmos György B. , Racz Emoke
Published: August 2022

Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common malignancy of the skin, often occurring in older patients and in the head and neck area (cSCCHN). Age, life expectancy, and frailty are not taken into consideration by current guidelines. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of frailty and life expectancy on guideline deviation, treatment outcomes, and quality of life (QoL) after treatment in patients with cSCCHN. Methods: Patients with cSCCHN were prospectively included. A geriatric assessment was performed, including the Geriatric 8 (G8), Groningen Frailty Indicator, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). The Lee index was used to predict a limited life expectancy, and the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 was used as a comorbidity index. QoL was assessed by the Basal and Squamous cell carcinoma Quality of Life (BaSQoL) questionnaire at three time points. Results: Seventy-seven patients with cSCCHN were included. Frail patients had significantly more high-risk tumours. Guideline deviation occurred in 7.8% and was more common in patients who were frail (G8), with high-risk tumours (≥T2), with a limited life expectancy or an increased TUG. Guideline deviation did not lead more often to progression of disease in our study. No predictors for post-operative complications were found. BaSQoL subscores were very low at each time point and did not change significantly with time in the total group. Frail patients reported more fear of recurrence or new tumours 3 months after treatment, and less concern about other people’s skin 6 months after treatment, compared to non-frail patients. Complication rate, gender, or guideline deviation did not affect any subscale scores. Conclusions: Assessment of frailty and life expectancy can guide physicians and patients in treatment decisions. Deviation from guidelines towards less aggressive treatment schedules can be considered in frail patients with a limited life expectancy, since it did not negatively affect short-term outcomes or QoL in patients with cSCCHN in our study. However, these results should be confirmed by other, larger prospective studies with a longer follow-up period.
Approaches to Identify Factors Associated with Pubertal Timing in Self-Limited Delayed Puberty
Authors: Zhu Jia , Liu Enju , Feld Amalia , Jonsdottir-Lewis Elfa , Shirey Alexandria , Feldman Henry A. , Astley Christina M. , Chan Yee-Ming
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Children with self-limited delayed puberty (DP) (constitutional delay) enter puberty after variable waiting times, and the factors associated with their eventual pubertal timing are not well understood. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 99 girls and 228 boys with self-limited DP at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. To define features and potential subtypes of self-limited DP, we performed group-based trajectory modeling on childhood growth and latent-variable factor analysis on clinical characteristics. We then conducted time-to-event analyses to identify associations with pubertal timing. Results: We identified two distinct growth trajectories in individuals with self-limited DP: one with stable and the other with declining height percentiles. Latent-variable factor analysis identified five factors underlying clinical variation that appear to correspond to genetic height potential, body mass index, childhood growth, parental pubertal delay, and medical issues (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and inhaled glucocorticoid use). We observed correlations between pubertal timing and bone age (p = 0.01), childhood height (p = 0.004), and midparental target height (p < 0.001), but not with parental pubertal delay or with testosterone treatment in boys. Conclusions: By illustrating the heterogeneity within self-limited DP and identifying factors underlying this heterogeneity, our study suggests that there may be multiple causes of self-limited DP. However, our ability to determine when puberty will eventually occur remains limited. Dissecting self-limited DP into its component subtypes may inform future studies of the mechanisms contributing to pubertal delay as well as studies of the short- and long-term outcomes of self-limited DP.
Reduced hardware requirements of deep neural network for breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Tabra Yasmine M. , Tawfeeq Furat N.
Published: August 2022

Identifying breast cancer utilizing artificial intelligence technologies is valuable and has a great influence on the early detection of diseases. It also can save humanity by giving them a better chance to be treated in the earlier stages of cancer. During the last decade, deep neural networks (DNN) and machine learning (ML) systems have been widely used by almost every segment in medical centers due to their accurate identification and recognition of diseases, especially when trained using many datasets/samples. in this paper, a proposed two hidden layers DNN with a reduction in the number of additions and multiplications in each neuron. The number of bits and binary points of inputs and weights can be changed using the mask configuration on each subsystem to futher reduce the hardware requirements. The DNN was designed using a system generator and implemented using very hardware description language (VHDL). The system achievments outcomes the superior’s accuracy rate of approximately 99.6 percent in distinguishing bengin from malignant tissue. Also, the hardware resources were reduced by 30 percent from works of literature with an error rate of 7e-4 when using the Kintex-7 xc7k325t-3fbg676 board.
Fusion of Gabor filter and steerable pyramid to improve iris recognition system
Authors: Radouane Mohamed , Zouggari Nadia Idrissi , Amraoui Amine , Amraoui Mounir
Published: August 2022

Iris recognition system is a technique of identifying people using their distinctive features. Generally, this technique is used in security, because it offers a good reliability. Different researchers have proposed new methods for iris recognition system to increase its effectiveness. In this paper, we propose a new method for iris recognition based on Gabor filter and steerable pyramid decomposition. It’s an efficient and accurate linear multi-scale, multi-orientation image decomposition to capture texture details of an image. At first, the iris image is segmented, normalized and decomposed by Gabor filter and steerable pyramid method. Multiple sub-band are generated by applying steerable pyramid on the input image. High frequency sub-band is ignored to eliminate noise and increase the accuracy. The method was validated using CASIA-v4 (Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Automation), IITD (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi) and UPOL (University of Phoenix Online) databases. The performance of the proposed method is better than the most methods in the literature. The proposed algorithm provides accuracy of 99.99%. False acceptance rate (FAR), equal error rate (EER) and genuine acceptance rate (GAR) have also been improved.
Sonoridades do interior paulista: relato sobre as rádios livres votorantinenses Superstar FM e Express FM pela ótica de Charles Rafael
Authors: Parra Felipe
Published: August 2022

As rádios livres são emissoras radiofônicas que operam sem concessão governamental. Essa característica faz com que tais mídias possam ser administradas por pessoas que nunca antes tiveram contato com a linguagem e a tecnologia do rádio. Tal tendência se tornou popular na cidade de Sorocaba/SP. Durante a década de 1980, periódicos regionais e nacionais relatavam as atividades das rádios livres do interior paulista. Tal ação ficou conhecida como o movimento das rádios livres sorocabanas. Contudo, rádios de outras cidades da região também integraram esse movimento. Nesta entrevista, Charles Rafael revela como era participar das rádios livres Express FM e Superstar FM na cidade de Votorantim/SP durante a década de 1990.
¿Qué entienden los expertos por comunicación responsable?
Authors: Sánchez-Reina J Roberto , Hernández Flores Hilda Gabriela , González-Lara Ericka Fernanda
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo explora la perspectiva de especialistas sobre comunicación responsable (CR). Siete expertos fueron entrevistados, y los resultados indican dos perspectivas: una que enfatiza el papel de la CR como eje rector de la reputación corporativa y otra que apuesta por el holismo como base de la transversalidad organizacional. Mientras categoría teórica, la CR ofrece un mayor conocimiento sobre la forma en que la comunicación pública de las organizaciones puede facilitar la apertura y el entendimiento entre organizaciones y sociedad.
Serviço compartilhado e criação de valor: Airbnb e o sistema de review
Authors: Campos José Rubens de , Casas Alexandre Luzzi Las , Vieira Almir Martins , Claro José Alberto Carvalho dos Santos
Published: August 2022

Analisou-se percepção de valor pelo consumidor de serviços compartilhados e criação de eventuais valores pelo fornecedor. Usou-se métodos mistos para identificar estímulos, preferências e necessidades do consumidor, observando-se a percepção de valor do usuário quanto ao serviço oferecido pela Airbnb. Percebeu-se valor por meio de cinco fatores: conveniência/facilidade; segurança/confiança; atendimento; preço; questão socioambiental. A criação de valor da Airbnb está alicerçada nos perfis, comentários, atendimento personalizado, agilidade, atenção e disponibilidade na prestação de serviços e informações.
Relações de comunicação entre organizações e trabalhadores no contexto da plataformização do trabalho
Authors: Rebechi Claudia Nociolini
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar a comunicação no contexto da plataformização do trabalho, considerando que a lógica de gestão e organização do trabalho mediado por plataformas digitais exige pensarmos e compreendermos as relações de comunicação entre organizações e trabalhadores sob um prisma próprio, que mobiliza simultaneamente velhos e novos elementos do mundo do trabalho no capitalismo contemporâneo. Em termos de método, a discussão apresentada é composta por revisão bibliográfica e dados secundários de pesquisas realizadas com trabalhadores.
Diversidade ou manutenção de estruturas de poder? Reflexões sobre a comunicação organizacional do MMFDH
Authors: Coêlho Tamires Ferreira , Mustafé Isabella Szabor Machado
Published: August 2022

Este artigo busca compreender como o discurso organizacional do Ministério da Mulher, da Família e dos Direitos Humanos,por meio de sua produção publicitária, faz emergir vestígios da comunicação interna da administração ministerial, a partirde estratégias de abordagem da diversidade na comunicação das secretarias. A metodologia é uma pesquisa exploratóriaque mapeou campanhas implementadas na primeira metade da gestão bolsonarista. A presença pontual de pessoas diversasnão significa mudança sistemática da comunicação, tampouco da gestão organizacional.
A ficção como horizonte de compreensão do real na comunicação organizacional interna
Authors: Germain Olivier
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho explora contribuições da ficção à pesquisa qualitativa em comunicação organizacional. A vida concreta do trabalho em uma organização equilibra-se no limiar entre realidade e ficção, no sentido de que as atividades organizantes do trabalho estabelecem-se em arranjos temporários, transformadores e redefinidores de redes de relações entre narrativas. Esses arranjos justapõem versões do mundo e evidenciam intervalos a partir dos quais se produz um comum partilhado. Argumentamos também que o conhecimento oferecido pela ficção pode redefinir a maneira como nos aproximamos dos fenômenos organizacionais.
Comunicação interna e práticas políticas de diálogo como fonte de desestabilização e redefinição de interações não organizáveis
Authors: Marques Ângela Cristina Salgueiro , Oliveira Ivone de Lourdes
Published: August 2022

Apresentação
Capturing Cognitive Events Embedded in the Real World Using Mobile Electroencephalography and Eye-Tracking
Authors: Ladouce Simon , Mustile Magda , Ietswaart Magdalena , Dehais Frédéric
Published: August 2022

The study of cognitive processes underlying natural behaviors implies departing from computerized paradigms and artificial experimental probes. The present study aims to assess the feasibility of capturing neural markers (P300 ERPs) of cognitive processes evoked in response to the identification of task-relevant objects embedded in a real-world environment. To this end, EEG and eye-tracking data were recorded while participants attended stimuli presented on a tablet and while they searched for books in a library. Initial analyses of the library data revealed that P300-like features shifted in time. A Dynamic Time Warping analysis confirmed the presence of P300 ERP in the library condition. Library data were then lag-corrected based on cross-correlation coefficients. Together, these approaches uncovered P300 ERP responses in the library recordings. These findings highlight the relevance of scalable experimental designs, joint brain and body recordings, and template-matching analyses to capture cognitive events during natural behaviors.
The Entangled Brain
Authors: Pessoa Luiz
Published: August 2022

The Entangled Brain (Pessoa, L., 2002. MIT Press) promotes the idea that we need to understand the brain as a complex, entangled system. Why does the complex systems perspective, one that entails emergent properties, matter for brain science? In fact, many neuroscientists consider these ideas a distraction. We discuss three principles of brain organization that inform the question of the interactional complexity of the brain: (1) massive combinatorial anatomical connectivity; (2) highly distributed functional coordination; and (3) networks/circuits as functional units. To motivate the challenges of mapping structure and function, we discuss neural circuits illustrating the high anatomical and functional interactional complexity typical in the brain. We discuss potential avenues for testing for network-level properties, including those relying on distributed computations across multiple regions. We discuss implications for brain science, including the need to characterize decentralized and heterarchical anatomical–functional organization. The view advocated has important implications for causation, too, because traditional accounts of causality provide poor candidates for explanation in interactionally complex systems like the brain given the distributed, mutual, and reciprocal nature of the interactions. Ultimately, to make progress understanding how the brain supports complex mental functions, we need to dissolve boundaries within the brain—those suggested to be associated with perception, cognition, action, emotion, motivation—as well as outside the brain, as we bring down the walls between biology, psychology, mathematics, computer science, philosophy, and so on.
Peer reviewer topic choice and its impact on interrater reliability: A mixed-method study
Authors: Feliciani Thomas , Luo Junwen , Shankar Kalpana
Published: August 2022

One of the main critiques of academic peer review is that interrater reliability (IRR) among reviewers is low. We examine an underinvestigated factor possibly contributing to low IRR: reviewers’ diversity in their topic-criteria mapping (“TC-mapping”). It refers to differences among reviewers pertaining to which topics they choose to emphasize in their evaluations, and how they map those topics onto various evaluation criteria. In this paper we look at the review process of grant proposals in one funding agency to ask: How much do reviewers differ in TC-mapping, and do their differences contribute to low IRR? Through a content analysis of review forms submitted to a national funding agency (Science Foundation Ireland) and a survey of its reviewers, we find evidence of interreviewer differences in their TC-mapping. Using a simulation experiment we show that, under a wide range of conditions, even strong differences in TC-mapping have only a negligible impact on IRR. Although further empirical work is needed to corroborate simulation results, these tentatively suggest that reviewers’ heterogeneous TC-mappings might not be of concern for designers of peer review panels to safeguard IRR.
State Higher Education Funding during COVID-19: Exploring State-Level Characteristics Influencing Financing Decisions
Authors: Rubin Paul G. , Billings Meredith S. , Hammond Lindsey , Gándara Denisa
Published: August 2022

Building on research examining state financing for higher education, our qualitative comparative case study investigates state policymakers’ decisions for funding public higher education during the COVID-19 crisis in California and Texas. These states were purposively selected based on the size of their postsecondary sector, state partisanship, and higher education funding responses during the pandemic. Moreover, these states represent two of the largest public postsecondary enrollments nationally and serve a racially and ethnically diverse student population. Guiding our study is the Hearn and Ness (2018) framework investigating the ecology of state higher education policymaking, which offers four contextual categories that influence state policy decisions: socioeconomic context, organizational and policy context, politico-institutional context, and external context. This framework suggests underlying factors influencing the state funding process, while also providing an opportunity to expand on this theory through the unique COVID-19 context. We used deductive and inductive techniques to analyze 28 interviews with a range of actors, including state elected officials, state government staff, and higher education officials. We also examined 69 documents (state budgets, news articles, and state executive orders) to triangulate and verify our interview data. Two areas served as key events that ultimately influenced higher education funding decisions in California and Texas: (1) the preference of certain higher education institutions and (2) the availability and application of federal dollars. Furthermore, the organizational and policy context and the politico-institutional context, as defined by the Hearn and Ness framework, provided additional state-level factors that resulted in distinct responses. This study offers practical and theoretical contributions to higher education policy and practice, including highlighting the decision-making and prioritization processes of state policymakers when facing an unprecedented pandemic and crisis, and discussing common and unique factors influencing higher education policymaking in two different state contexts.
Climate change and industrial relations: Reflections on an emerging field
Authors: Flanagan Frances , Goods Caleb
Published: August 2022

What does climate change mean for the field of industrial relations? In this article, we argue that a meaningful disciplinary response to climate change requires more than simply widening the scope of industrial relations scholarship to include environmental dynamics. It demands recognition of the ways in which the categories of analysis and intellectual preoccupations of the discipline have been shaped by what we term the ‘fossil capitalist inertia’ exerted by their largely 20th-century origins. Climate change requires critical reflection of the extent to which industrial relations processes that were introduced to increase fairness and equality in a fossil capitalist context have the potential to contribute to different kinds of unfairness and inequality in an era of climate instability. The article identifies four frontiers of the scholarly development already underway that give effect to this conceptual enlargement: critical engagement with the concepts of (a) ‘sustainable development’ and (b) ‘just transition’ (c) analyses of reconfigured union identities and strategies and (d) discussions of the roles and influence of employer associations and state actors in labour and environmental relations and transitions. The article concludes by introducing five new articles that advance existing scholarly reflections on the challenge of a changed climate for industrial relations along each of these frontiers.
Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in the Workplace: Results From a Rapid Survey at 2 Corporations in Los Angeles County, California, 2021
Authors: Fischbach Lori , Civen Rachel , Boyd Homer , Flores David M. , Cloud Jennifer , Smith Lisa V. , King Jan , Alvarez Frank , Kuo Tony
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Achieving widespread vaccine acceptance across various employment sectors is key to a successful public health response to COVID-19, but little is known about factors influencing vaccine acceptance among essential non–health care workers. We examined factors influencing vaccine acceptance among a sample of essential non–health care workers in California.

Methods:

We conducted a survey in early spring 2021 at 2 corporations in Los Angeles County, California, to identify and describe factors influencing vaccine acceptance and the ability of incentives to increase this acceptance. We used modified Poisson regression analysis to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios and a best-subset selection algorithm to identify the strongest factors influencing vaccine acceptance.

Results:

Of 678 workers who completed the survey, 450 were unvaccinated. Among unvaccinated participants, having trust in information about the vaccine from public health experts, having ≥1 chronic health condition related to COVID-19 severity, being Asian, and perceiving risk for COVID-19 were factors that most influenced vaccine acceptance. Most (271 of 296, 91.6%) participants who had trust in information from public health experts and 30.6% (30 of 98) of participants who did not have trust in information from public health experts said that they would accept the vaccine. Seventeen of 24 (70.8%) vaccine-hesitant workers who had trust in information from public health experts and 12 of 72 (16.7%) vaccine-hesitant workers who did not have trust in this information said that they would be more likely to accept the vaccine if an incentive were offered.

Conclusions:

Efforts to increase vaccine coverage at workplaces should focus on improving trust in the vaccine and increasing public awareness that the vaccine is free.
Becoming Celebrity Girl Activists: The Cultural Politics and Celebrification of Emma González, Marley Dias, and Greta Thunberg
Authors: Duvall Spring
Published: August 2022

Young girls have historically been symbols to be conjured by social movements to garner sympathy for social causes, but are frequently silenced as political agents. This study addresses the celebrification of non-celebrity girls such as Emma González, Greta Thunberg, and Marley Dias and analyzes how backlash politics promote their fame. Some ordinary girls become celebrity activists in part because the trolling and negative media coverage helps propel their visibility, while others enjoy relatively positive experiences with fame. Both of these types of representations of celebrity girl activists - whether fueled by backlash or not -can serve as cautionary tales or as inspiration for girls who wish to engage in activism. Through an intersectional feminist lens, I address the complex social media narratives that emerge about girl empowerment and negotiation of risk - emphasis on self-care and struggle - when girls are famous activists.
Land reform, race reform: Interwar anticommunism and U.S. racial capitalism
Authors: Ayazi Hossein
Published: August 2022

Across the 1920s and 1930s, expansive domestic infrastructural and institutional developments consolidated the U.S. national economy and generated the conditions for U.S.-led international commerce and finance. As the United States transformed from a debtor nation into a creditor nation that captured markets across Africa, Asia, and the Americas, it reckoned with the racial and labor antagonisms of the U.S. South, and ascendant interconnected Black worker-led liberation movements throughout the broader “American Mediterranean.” By interrogating their engagement with Southern agrarian labor-capital relations, this essay addresses how race-liberal U.S. social scientists helped shore up the nation and an ascendant modern U.S. racial capitalism by translating such crises into the geoeconomic commensurabilities at the heart of a universalist U.S. nationalism and U.S.-led international finance. It focuses on how Charles S. Johnson, Rupert B. Vance, and others helped disavow the plantation system as a modern(izing) institution while recasting it as an object of national developmental intervention. Through the concepts of the “plantation economy” and the idealized “national economy” it presupposed, race-liberal social scientists not only framed the U.S. nation-state as that which could foster social forms of security through the market. They did so in ways that helped suture an “official” antiracism to U.S. nationalism bearing the agency for international finance and transnational capitalism.
Is the use of palliative care services increasing? A comparison of current versus historical palliative care access using health service datasets for patients with cancer
Authors: Philip Jennifer , Collins Anna , Warwyk Olivia , Sundararajan Vijaya , Le Brian
Published: August 2022

Background:

Mature evidence exists supporting the integration of palliative care in cancer care, but translation of evidence into practice is less well understood.

Aim:

We sought to understand current access to palliative care and its timing for people with cancer and to compare practices over time.

Design:

We conducted a retrospective population cohort study using routinely collected administrative health data sets in Victoria, Australia.

Setting/Participants:

All adult cancer decedents in 2018 were identified and clinical, demographic, palliative care access and quality of end of life care indices collected. Comparisons between a historic cohort of lung, breast and prostate cancer patients who died between the years 2005 and 2009 and those with these diagnoses in the current cohort.

Results:

In 2018 there were 10,245 Victorian decedents with a cancer-coded cause of death, of these 3689 had lung, prostate or breast cancer. In 2018, access to palliative care increased (66% vs 54%) and greater numbers accessed palliative care more than 3 months before death (18% vs 10%) than in 2005–2009. Indices of end of life quality improved across most domains. However the median time between first palliative care and death was shorter in 2018 (22 vs 25 days) and more people first accessed palliative care in the hospitalisation during which they died (43% vs 33%).

Conclusion:

Despite established benefits of early palliative care, the important task of translation of this evidence into practice remains.
Escitalopram should be investigated in anorexia nervosa: Rationale and review of mechanisms
Authors: Strumila Robertas , Lengvenyte Aiste , Olie Emilie , Courtet Philippe , Guillaume Sebastien
Published: August 2022

One of the biggest ambitions in the field of anorexia nervosa (AN) research is to find a reliable and effective pharmacological treatment. The fact that currently no pharmacological treatment is safe and effective in this disease is worrying and also challenging. On the basis of the progress in our understanding of AN neurobiology, we propose that escitalopram, a widely available drug, might be a safe and effective option that needs to be investigated. Escitalopram is the only selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, without any catecholaminergic effect. As studies have shown decreased serotonergic and increased dopaminergic transmission in AN, we hypothesized that an ideal drug for AN management should boost serotonin levels to increase serotonergic and decrease dopaminergic transmission, the two main features of escitalopram action. Here, we present a short overview of pharmacological research in AN and discuss the theoretical rationale for escitalopram use in AN. We also call for double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials to test whether this theoretical framework translates into clinical efficacy.
Evaluating the three-network theory of creativity: Effects of music listening on resting state EEG
Authors: Eskine Katherine E
Published: August 2022

Research evidences the ability of music listening to transiently improve performance on creative cognition. However, the mechanism for cognitive improvements as a result of music listening is still contested. Research has asserted that three networks neatly map onto the well-known theory of blind variation and selective retention (BVRT); the default mode, cognitive control, and salience networks (SNs). This study investigates the activation in these networks after participants listen to music that has previously been shown to increase creative cognition. Using 128-channel high-density array, we measured resting state electroencephalography (EEG) in 26 participants before and after listening to the 2011 single “Can’t Hold Us.” Findings demonstrate that activation is increased in the default mode, cognitive control, and SNs, as indicated by increases in spectral frequency power for whole-brain beta, parietal theta, and whole-brain gamma. Here, we find support for the idea that music might facilitate creative cognition by activating networks deemed important in the creative process, providing novel methodology for investigating network activation in a creative cognition framework using resting state EEG.
Evaluation of the goodness of musical tempo
Authors: Oda Masaomi , Sato Keiko
Published: August 2022

Numerous studies on how the tempo of music influences the assessment of physiology and emotion have concluded that “the higher the tempo derived the higher assessment.” However, these were based on experiments that also contained factors other than the tempo. Because the evaluation indices in those papers were not unified and the experimental conditions were different, it was not possible to obtain a uniform knowledge on the relation between tempo and evaluation. In this article, we chose “goodness of tempo” as the evaluation index and examined the influence of tempo on evaluation by changing its speed. Three songs, with different tempi in their original version, were used as test pieces. The findings demonstrated that each music piece had different assessment functions. One showed a constant assessment function at any speed, the other had an assessment function with optimum speed, and the third generated a step function with a low rating at the low speed and a high rating at the high speed. As a result, the proposition “the higher the tempo, the higher the evaluation value” was proved incorrect. Furthermore, it was considered that factors other than tempo affect the goodness of tempo.
Identification of Spatial and Temporal Dilemma Zone at Mid-Block Median Openings: A Gap Acceptance Based Approach
Authors: Khan Tathagatha , Mohapatra Smruti Sourava
Published: August 2022

A U-turn at a mid-block median opening (MBMO) is a complex maneuver. The U-turning vehicle has to find a suitable gap between two fast-moving vehicles in the approaching through traffic (ATT) stream and decide whether to accept or reject the available gap. Incorrect judgment of an available gap may lead to congestion or a collision between the U-turning vehicle and ATT. Frequently, U-turning vehicles are in a state of dilemma while deciding whether to reject or accept the available gap. Under these scenarios, the decision-making process is a challenging task for U-turning vehicles. This article thus aims to analyze the dilemma zone of U-turning vehicles at MBMO by collecting field data from 14 locations. The dilemma zone has been estimated using three methods: the cumulative distribution method; the binary logit method; and the support vector machine (SVM) method. The length and location of the dilemma zone have been observed to be influenced by different types of vehicle. The dilemma zone has been observed to shift away from the nose of the MBMO as the size of the vehicle increases. Furthermore, a practical yet straightforward equation has been also suggested for estimating the dilemma zone based on the composition of the ATT stream. The outcome of the present study will be beneficial in understanding the dilemma associated with a U-turning driver at an MBMO. The estimated dilemma zone boundary can be used further to develop a warning system in association with the intelligent transportation system for helping U-turning vehicles complete the U-turn movement safely.
Incorporation of National Pavement Performance Measures Into Decision-Making Process
Authors: Jia Xiaoyang , Woods Mark , Zhu Di , Huang Baoshan
Published: August 2022

State highway agencies (SHAs) are required by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to develop Transportation Asset Management Plans (TAMP) in which the performance targets for roadway assets are determined. FHWA also developed national performance metrics to use in determining performance targets for pavements. However, for pavement assets, most SHAs employ their own performance metrics for pavement condition data reporting and performing maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) analysis. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate national performance measures into SHAs’ pavement management system to support the development of TAMP. In this study, new pavement performance metrics were proposed to assist SHAs in conducting M&R analysis. The relationships between the new metrics and existing pavement metrics used in the State of Tennessee were investigated. Comparison between the new metrics and the State’s metrics was made with reference to network-level condition summary and performance prediction models. Results indicated that the new performance metrics appeared to be stable and less sensitive to sectioning method. Similar time-series patterns of network-level performance deterioration were found between the State’s metrics and the new metrics. It is recommended that performance models be established based on the new metrics, as the deterioration rates from the two metrics were not well correlated.
Effect of deep sub-zero treatment on the wear behavior of CPPU steel at different temperatures
Authors: Akıncıoğlu Gülşah
Published: August 2022

In recent years, many studies have been carried out on the effect of sub-zero treatments on the tribological properties of steels. However, in friction tests performed at different temperatures, the effect of the deep sub-zero treatment is uncertain. This study, it was aimed to increase the wear resistance of CPPU steel at different temperatures (room temperature and 150 °C) with deep subzero process treatment (−150 °C). Friction wear tests were carried out on a pin-on-disc vertical tester according to ASTM standard G99-05. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used for worn surface analyses. In tests performed at 150 °C, the friction coefficient was reduced by 110.33% and the wear resistance was increased by 101.66% with the sub-zero treatment compared to the conventional heat treatment. The deep sub-zero treatment reduced the adhesive wear.
Protective effect of D-(−)-quinic acid as food supplement in modulating AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway activation in HFD induced obesity
Authors: Dong Jie , Zheng HaiLong , Zeng Qiuyao , Zhang Xian , Du Liang , Bais Souravh
Published: August 2022

Background

Dietary quinic acid given as the nutritional supplement, which may leads to tryptophan and nicotinamide production in the intestinal tract and NAD+ precursor which can prevent from the negative consequences of high fat diet (HFD) consumption.

Objective

The present study was designed to assess in vivo and in vitro effect of D-(−)-Quinic acid in high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in mice.

Material and methods

Thirty six albino mice were randomly divided in six groups and each group had six mice. Group I, controlled mice given normal pellet diet, Group-II mice, administered with high fat diet (HFD), Group-III mice given standard drug, Atorvastatin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) along with HFD to mice and Group IV, V and VI mice received D-(−)-Quinic acid at a dose of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively in separate group along with HFD to mice. After completion of trial (49 days) the animals were sacrificed and evaluated for body weight, organ fat pad weight, and changes in weight of liver, heart and kidney and also for biochemical parameters, expression of adipogenic and inflammation markers in adipose tissues, and histology examination of liver tissue.

Results

In vitro testing results showed, D-(−)-Quinic acid potentially inhibit α-glucosidase enzyme activity as compared to acarbose. The D-(−)-Quinic acid showed significant hypolipidemic activity by decreasing the increased level of cholesterol, triglyceride level, LDL, VLDL and other hepatic parameters like SGOT and SGPT in serum. D-(−)-Quinic acid reduces the mRNA expression level of PPAR-γ2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in adipose tissue in hyperlipidemic mice.
Heterogeneous attitudinal profiles towards gene editing: Evidence from latent class analysis
Authors: Halstead Isaac N. , Boehnke Jan R. , Lewis Gary J.
Published: August 2022

Advances in gene-editing technology have important implications for the treatment and prevention of disease. Accordingly, it is important to understand public perceptions towards gene editing, as the public’s willingness to endorse gene editing may be as important as technological breakthroughs themselves. Previous research has almost exclusively examined attitudes towards gene editing on specific issues, but has not addressed how attitudes towards gene editing across a range of issues coalesce in individuals: that is, the degree to which discrete, heterogeneous attitudinal profiles exist versus a simple support/oppose continuum. Here, we addressed this issue using latent class analysis on data from The Pew Research Center ( N = 4726; US residents) across a wide range of gene-editing topics. We found that attitudes towards gene editing cohere into 10 distinct latent classes that showed some evidence of a support/oppose continuum, but also for clear qualitative differences between each class, even with support or oppose classes, on a number of issues. The most opposed classes significantly differed from the supporter classes in age, sex, political ideology and self-rated knowledge. These findings provide evidence that attitudes towards gene editing are heterogeneous and public discourse, as well as policy making need to consider a range of arguments when evaluating this technology.