bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Power, Sense of Power, and Cognitive Flexibility: An Analysis of Parallel Mediating Effects Based on Reward and Punishment Sensitivity
Authors: Cao Shiyue , Yang Dong
Published: June 2024

This study utilized a sample of 2052 participants from government and enterprise sectors to explore the distinct effects of power and sense of power on cognitive flexibility. It also delves into how the three dimensions of reward sensitivity and the comprehensive measure of punishment sensitivity mediate this relationship. The key findings are as follows: (1) There is no significant direct correlation between power and sense of power. (2) Both power and sense of power are substantial positive predictors of cognitive flexibility, with middle- and upper-level employees demonstrating significantly greater cognitive flexibility than their lower-level counterparts, and sense of power having a more pronounced positive influence than objective power. (3) Drive and fun-seeking mediate the relationship between sense of power and cognitive flexibility, yet only when sense of power is the independent variable. (4) No mediating effects are observed for the dimensions of reward sensitivity or punishment sensitivity when power is the independent variable. Exploring reward and punishment sensitivity in the context of power’s influence on cognitive flexibility in real organizational settings is of paramount importance. This enhances our understanding of the intricate ways in which power dynamics shape individual behaviors and cognition across diverse cultural landscapes and provides actionable insights for refining organizational management and leadership strategies.
Enhancing University Students’ Motivation in Basketball Courses through Tactical Games Model
Authors: Wang Jiaxu , Chee Chen Soon , Samsudin Shamsulariffin
Published: June 2024

As the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, universities face challenges such as diminished student physical fitness and a decreased interest in physical education courses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the tactical games model (TGM) in enhancing university students’ motivation in basketball courses, using a comparison control group taught using the direct instruction model (DIM). Additionally, this research delves into the motivational dynamics explained by self-determination theory, aiming to identify key factors influencing student engagement and participation. A total of 141 sophomore university students were analyzed and divided into an experimental group (68 students) and a control group (73 students). The participants engaged in an 8-week teaching intervention program. To assess motivation, the Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) was administered both before the start and one week after the conclusion of the intervention. Differences in motivation and subscale scores between the TGM and DIM groups were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results of the study demonstrated that the TGM significantly enhanced university students’ motivation (SDI: F = 6.949; p = 0.009; η² = 0.049). Furthermore, TGM enhanced scores on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation sub-scales more effectively than the DIM. These findings advocate for the adoption of TGM by university instructors as a potent tool to elevate student motivation, emphasizing the importance of focusing on both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational elements within physical education programs.
Structural Stability and Mechanical Analysis of PVC Pipe Jacking under Axial Force
Authors: Wu Rudong , Liu Kaixin , Zhang Peng , Zeng Cong , Xu Yong , Mei Jiahao
Published: June 2024

PVC pipe jacking is prone to cause yielding or buckling under the jacking force and may lead to engineering failure. The relationship between the buckling modes, ultimate bearing capacity, different diameter–thickness ratios, and length–diameter ratios of PVC pipe jacking under different load forms was analyzed. The calculation methods for allowable jacking force and the single allowable jacking distance are obtained through theoretical analysis and three-dimensional finite elements. The buckling mode of the pipe under uniform load changes from symmetric buckling to asymmetric buckling and then to the overall Euler buckling form as the length–diameter ratio increases. The ultimate bearing capacity of the pipe approaches the theoretical value of yield failure when L/D ≤ 6. For L/D > 6, the pipe undergoes buckling, and the ultimate bearing capacity determined by the axial buckling value and the buckling load can be calculated according to the long pipe theory formula when L/D > 8.5. Under eccentric loads, the failure mode transitions from local failure to Euler buckling with increasing pipe length. The ultimate bearing capacity of pipe is obviously lower than that of uniform load, but as the length–diameter ratio increases, this difference decreases until it becomes consistent.
Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties and Health Monitoring Methods of Joints in AAPF
Authors: Xing Zhanqing , Wang Gang , Pang Jing
Published: June 2024

Aluminum alloy frame is a novel structure system developed in recent years. In this article, the load-bearing performance of the beam-beam joint of the aluminum alloy frame is studied through numerical analysis and experiment and a safety monitoring method is developed. The impacts of the arch angle and bolt diameter on the beam-beam joint mechanical characteristics are explored through experiments under vertical load. When the diameter of the bolt was increased, the load-bearing performance of such joint displayed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing. As the arch angle increased, the load-bearing performance on the joint gradually improved. Based on the experiments, numerical analysis models varying in arch angle were established, and the impacts of arch angles on the stiffness during the yield stage, ultimate load, and elastic stiffness of the aluminum alloy portal frame (AAPF) beam-beam joints were further explored through numerical simulation of the structure under vertical and horizontal loads. When the arching angle was increased, the elastic stiffness and yield stiffness of the beam-beam joint under vertical load showed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing. When the arching angle was increased, the elastic stiffness and yield stiffness of the beam-beam joint under horizontal load significantly decreased. Based on the mechanical properties, a safety monitoring method for AAPF beam-beam joints based on displacement monitoring and frequency monitoring is proposed.
The Flexural Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Super High-Performance Concrete (SHPC) Reinforced Using the Hybridization of Micro Polypropylene and Macro Steel Fibers
Authors: Yassin Ahmed M. , Mohie Eldin Mohammad , Hafez Mohamed Ahmed , Elnaggar Mohamed A.
Published: June 2024

There is a need to investigate the flexural behavior and mechanical properties of super high-performance concrete (SHPC) for a better understanding of its response to compression, tension, and bending. Super-high-performance concrete (SHPC) lies between high-performance concrete (HPC) and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) in strength, durability, and workability and is suitable for sustainable buildings. This paper presents an extensive experimental and analytical study to investigate the effect of the hybridization of micro-polypropylene and macro-steel fibers on the flexural behavior and mechanical properties of super-high-performance concrete (SHPC). The hybridization of both micro-PP fibers and macro-hooked-end ST fibers gathers the benefits of their advantages and offsets their disadvantages. Three types of fibers (micro polypropylene fibers (PP), macro hooked-end steel fiber (ST), and hybrid fiber (PP + ST)) with different fiber content up to 2% were tested to study their effect on the following: (a) the workability of fresh concrete, (b) concrete compressive strength, (c) splitting tensile strength, (d) flexural behavior, including flexural tensile strength and toughness, and (e) the optimum percentage of each of the two fibers, PP and ST, in the hybrid to get the maximum structural and economic benefits of hybridization. Based upon the experimental results and using a statistical program, formulae to calculate both the tensile splitting strength (fsp) and the flexural tensile strength in the form of the modulus of rupture (fctr) were obtained. These formulae were able to predict accurately both the splitting tensile strength and modulus of rupture for SHPC with each of the three types of fibers used in this research. Also, they were in very good agreement with the values corresponding to different experimental results of other research, which means the ability to use these equations more generally. In addition, the prediction of the additional ultimate moment provided for all fibers was investigated. This research confirms the structural and the economical efficiency of hybridization in the behavior of SHPC. It was found that the optimum percentage of the fiber volume content for the hybrid of ST and PP is 1%; 0.5% for each of the two kinds.
Designing Temporary Use: Prototyping a Framework towards Material-Wise Projects
Authors: Kawa Gabrielle , Van Schoor Xantippe , Galle Waldo , De Temmerman Niels
Published: June 2024

The growing awareness of the value of temporary use projects in reactivating unused buildings has led to their increased implementation and acceptance by local authorities and building owners. Encouraging such reactivation can help to address the large number of unused spaces in cities. Additionally, the construction sector’s substantial contribution to environmental damage amplifies the imperative for material-wise approaches to building reactivation, particularly when undertaken on a temporary basis. This study therefore delves into the overlooked dimensions of materialization and design within the realm of temporary use, shifting the discourse from the conventional emphasis on awareness raising to a more holistic approach encompassing sustainability and circularity. Through an in-depth case study analysis of nine pioneering temporary projects in and around Brussels, supported by semi-structured interviews and site visits, this paper first delves into the ‘material approach’ and the ‘design’ of temporary use projects. Second, through a comparative analysis of the cases, a framework of guidelines is prototyped, structured around three perspectives—materialization, design, and stakeholders—and their actionable steps, guidelines, and attention points. The proposed framework, presented and evaluated for the first time in academic research, serves as a proof of concept for the analysis and guidance of temporary use through three integrated perspectives towards resource efficiency. This innovative approach offers a holistic perspective that goes beyond mere standardization and awareness raising, acknowledging the complex dynamics inherent in temporary use projects and providing a comprehensive framework for analysis and action. Ultimately, translating this prototype into a user-friendly pamphlet holds potential to advance the knowledge in this field and facilitate the more effective and sustainable utilization of resources in temporary contexts.
An Investigation of Occupants’ Thermal Requirements in Indoor Transitional Space in Entertainment Buildings
Authors: Hou Guoying , Tweed Chris , Wei Shen
Published: June 2024

Indoor transitional space is a popular buffer space between buildings’ interior and exterior environments nowadays. Maintaining a comfortable indoor thermal comfort for transitional spaces often poses challenges to building designers and engineers. Some existing studies have already explored this topic, but they are mainly carried out in academic buildings. There are, however, still many other types of buildings containing transitional space, including entertainment buildings such as theaters and tourist centers. To provide useful information about people’s thermal requirements in the transitional space of entertainment buildings, this study has adopted both field measurement and questionnaire methods. Additionally, the same method has been repeated in an academic setting as well, so the results can be compared with existing studies. By comparing participants’ thermal requirements, it indicates that people’s thermal requirements are significantly impacted by operative temperature, which can give architects suggestions to improve the thermal environment in transitional spaces. In addition, in transitional spaces, people had a high tolerance for their thermal environment, especially participants in entertainment buildings, who showed a fairly high thermal satisfaction rate of 96% in winter and 94% in summer, far beyond the rates of 89% and 73% in academic buildings. Combined with the analysis of participants’ thermal preferences and the reason people stay in transitional spaces, it implies a close relationship between participants’ thermal comfort differences and the function that transitional spaces provide.
Visual Perception Differences and Spatiotemporal Analysis in Commercialized Historic Streets Based on Mobile Eye Tracking: A Case Study in Nanchang Wanshou Palace, China
Authors: Zheng Siyu , Zhang Jiaxin , Zu Rui , Li Yunqin
Published: June 2024

The commercialization of historic streets constitutes a pivotal aspect of urban cultural heritage, and the comprehension of their visual perception serves as a valuable asset to urban planning and cultural conservation efforts. However, current research concerning the disparities in visual perception among diverse demographics within historic streets, as well as their spatiotemporal dynamics, remains insufficient. This study aims to utilize mobile eye-tracking technology to delve into the visual perceptual characteristics of diverse individuals within commercialized historical urban areas. It seeks to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamic shifts, observing how people’s visual perception and focal points of attention evolve alongside the changes in time and space within these commercialized historical districts. We examined the differences in the visual perception of historical urban areas among groups with varying degrees of architectural knowledge and professional expertise, using the example of the Wanshou Palace Historic Cultural District in Nanchang. Through meticulous observation using mobile eye-tracking technology, we elucidate the visual perception patterns of different demographic characteristics through statistical analysis and spatiotemporal modeling. The findings reveal significant discrepancies in visual attention and perception among various groups. Participants with a deeper understanding of architecture tend to fixate on the architectural details and structures within the urban district, with architectural elements garnering a significant share of 68.6% of their visual attention. Conversely, individuals with a lesser comprehension of architecture exhibit a greater interest in shops and signage elements, with architectural elements receiving a mere 59.23% of their visual focus, while commercial elements attract a significant 25.7% of their attention. Moreover, during the process of perceiving the streetscape, participants’ eye movements transition from surrounding landscapes and historical edifices upon initial entry to the district, gradually shifting towards the commercial activities and distinctive architecture within the district. This study delves deeply into the visual perception characteristics and spatiotemporal dynamics of commercialized historic streets, providing invaluable insights for urban planning and cultural preservation endeavors. By revealing the impact of different demographic characteristics on the visual perception of historic streets, it offers new insights for urban planning and cultural heritage conservation.
Expediting Corrosion Engineering for Sulfur-Doped, Self-Supporting Ni-Fe Layered Dihydroxide in Efficient Aqueous Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Ma Yingjun , Wang Jie , Liu Hangning , Wang Lin , Sun Changhui , Gong Liangyu , Zhang Xiaogang , Zhu Jiefang
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical water-splitting is widely acknowledged as a renewable strategy for hydrogen production, but it is primarily constrained by the sluggish reaction kinetics of the anode oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In our study, we employ a fast room-temperature corrosion engineering strategy for the construction of a sulfur-doped Ni-Fe layered dihydroxide catalyst (S-NiFe LDH). With the assistance of a sulfur source, microsphere morphology with an ultra-thin lamellar surface cross-arrangement can be rapidly grown on the surface of an iron foam substrate, ensuring a substantial electrochemical interface. The composition of Ni species in the catalysts can be regulated by simply adjusting the amount of Ni2+ and reaction time. Functioning as an OER catalyst, the S-NiFe LDH demonstrates high activity and reaction kinetics, featuring a minimal overpotential of 120.0 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 39.5 mV dec−1 and a notable electrical double-layer capacitance (Cdl) of 31.3 mF cm−2. The remarkable electrocatalytic performance can be attributed to its distinctive three-dimensional (3D) structure and sulfur dopants, which effectively regulate the electrochemical interface and electronic structure of NiFe LDH. This work provides valuable insights for expeditious materials design.
Roxadustat Attenuates Adverse Remodeling Following Myocardial Infarction in Mice
Authors: Zaruba Marc-Michael , Staggl Simon , Ghadge Santhosh Kumar , Maurer Thomas , Gavranovic-Novakovic Jasmina , Jeyakumar Vivek , Schönherr Patric , Wimmer Andreas , Pölzl Gerhard , Bauer Axel , Messner Moritz
Published: June 2024

Activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 axis is known to aid myocardial repair through ischemia-triggered hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). To enhance the upregulation of HIF-1α, we administered roxadustat, a novel prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (PHI) clinically approved by the European Medicines Agency 2021 for the treatment of renal anemia, with the purpose of improving LV function and attenuating ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods: We evaluated roxadustat’s impact on HIF-1 stimulation, cardiac remodeling, and function after MI. Therefore, we analyzed nuclear HIF-1 expression, the mRNA and protein expression of key HIF-1 target genes (RT-PCR, Western blot), inflammatory cell infiltration (immunohistochemistry), and apoptosis (TUNEL staining) 7 days after MI. Additionally, we performed echocardiography in male and female C57BL/6 mice 28 days post-MI. Results: We found a substantial increase in nuclear HIF-1, associated with an upregulation of HIF-1α target genes like CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 at the mRNA and protein levels. Roxadustat increased the proportion of myocardial reparative M2 CD206+ cells, suggesting beneficial alterations in immune cell migration and a trend towards reduced apoptosis. Echocardiography showed that roxadustat treatment significantly preserved ejection fraction and attenuated subsequent ventricular dilatation, thereby reducing adverse remodeling. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that roxadustat is a promising clinically approved treatment option to preserve myocardial function by attenuating adverse remodeling.
Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Radiation for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Akhavan David , Subham Siddharth , Jeppson John D. , Aguilar Brenda , Wong Robyn A. , Hibbard Jonathan C. , Hui Susanta , Wong Jeffrey Y. C. , Forman Stephen J. , Alizadeh Darya , Brown Christine E.
Published: June 2024

Standard-of-care treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is comprised of surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated disease-modifying activity in GBM and holds great promise. Radiation, a standard-of-care treatment for GBM, has well-known immunomodulatory properties and may overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME); however, radiation dose optimization and integration with CAR T cell therapy is not well defined. Murine immunocompetent models of GBM were treated with titrated doses of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of 5, 10, and 20 Gray (Gy), and the TME was analyzed using Nanostring. A conditioning dose of 10 Gy was determined based on tumor growth kinetics and gene expression changes in the TME. We demonstrate that a conditioning dose of 10 Gy activates innate and adaptive immune cells in the TME. Mice treated with 10 Gy in combination with mCAR T cells demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity and superior memory responses to rechallenge with IL13Rα2-positive tumors. Furthermore, 10 Gy plus mCAR T cells also protected against IL13Rα2-negative tumors through a mechanism that was, in part, c-GAS-STING pathway-dependent. Together, these findings support combination conditioning with low-dose 10 Gy radiation in combination with mCAR T cells as a therapeutic strategy for GBM.
James German and the Quest to Understand Human RECQ Helicase Deficiencies
Authors: Monnat Raymond J.
Published: June 2024

James German’s work to establish the natural history and cancer risk associated with Bloom syndrome (BS) has had a strong influence on the generation of scientists and clinicians working to understand other RECQ deficiencies and heritable cancer predisposition syndromes. I summarize work by us and others below, inspired by James German’s precedents with BS, to understand and compare BS with the other heritable RECQ deficiency syndromes with a focus on Werner syndrome (WS). What we know, unanswered questions and new opportunities are discussed, as are potential ways to treat or modify WS-associated disease mechanisms and pathways.
Ca2+-Dependent Processes of Innate Immunity in IBD
Authors: Palestra Francesco , Memoli Gina , Ventrici Annagioia , Trocchia Marialuisa , Galdiero Mariarosaria , Varricchi Gilda , Loffredo Stefania
Published: June 2024

IBD is an uncontrolled inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, which mainly manifests in two forms: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The pathogenesis of IBD appears to be associated with an abnormal response of innate and adaptive immune cells. Innate immunity cells, such as macrophages, mast cells, and granulocytes, can produce proinflammatory (e.g., TNF-α) and oxidative stress (ROS) mediators promoting intestinal damage, and their abnormal responses can induce an imbalance in adaptive immunity, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines that increase innate immune damage, abate intestinal barrier functions, and aggravate inflammation. Considering that Ca2+ signalling plays a key role in a plethora of cellular functions, this review has the purpose of deepening the potential Ca2+ involvement in IBD pathogenesis.
Exploring the Role of ChatGPT-4, BingAI, and Gemini as Virtual Consultants to Educate Families about Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Durmaz Engin Ceren , Karatas Ezgi , Ozturk Taylan
Published: June 2024

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly important as they are being used more frequently for providing medical information. Our aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of electronic artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT-4, BingAI, and Gemini in responding to patient inquiries about retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: The answers of LLMs for fifty real-life patient inquiries were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale by three ophthalmologists. The models’ responses were also evaluated for reliability with the DISCERN instrument and the EQIP framework, and for readability using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Coleman-Liau Index. Results: ChatGPT-4 outperformed BingAI and Gemini, scoring the highest with 5 points in 90% (45 out of 50) and achieving ratings of “agreed” or “strongly agreed” in 98% (49 out of 50) of responses. It led in accuracy and reliability with DISCERN and EQIP scores of 63 and 72.2, respectively. BingAI followed with scores of 53 and 61.1, while Gemini was noted for the best readability (FRE score of 39.1) but lower reliability scores. Statistically significant performance differences were observed particularly in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment categories. Conclusion: ChatGPT-4 excelled in providing detailed and reliable responses to ROP-related queries, although its texts were more complex. All models delivered generally accurate information as per DISCERN and EQIP assessments.
Moral Distress and Pediatric Palliative Care
Authors: Jeong Sunny , Knackstedt Angela , Linebarger Jennifer S. , Carter Brian S.
Published: June 2024

Moral distress is a complex phenomenon whereby a person feels tension, constraint, or conflict with an action or circumstance because it goes against their individual or the perceived collective (e.g., community, organizational, or professional association’s) moral stance. In pediatric healthcare settings, managing and mitigating feelings of moral distress can be particularly difficult to navigate through because of the intricate dynamics between the pediatric patient, parent and/or legal guardians, and clinicians. The proactive integration of an experienced pediatric palliative care (PPC) team can be an appropriate step toward reducing clinicians feeling overwhelmed by various case-specific and team management issues that contribute to the development of moral distress among healthcare professionals. Based on our experiences in a free-standing, quaternary pediatric hospital, the involvement of PPC can help reframe the approach to challenging situations, enhance communication, and provide guidance to the care team, patients, and families. Moreover, PPC teams can benefit other multidisciplinary team members through education on respecting the plurality of values of diverse families and patients and consideration of ethical implications during morally challenging situations.
Gross Motor Skills Are Associated with Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in School-Aged Children
Authors: D’Anna Cristiana , Carlevaro Fabio , Magno Francesca , Vagnetti Roberto , Limone Pierpaolo , Magistro Daniele
Published: June 2024

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent disorders in children and is frequently linked with motor difficulties that can impact both daily motor tasks and overall developmental trajectories. The objective of this study was to analyse the association between gross motor skills and ADHD symptoms. Using a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from a sample of primary school children (N = 2677; mean age = 8.58 years, SD = 1.49 years). The Gross Motor Development-3 Test (TGMD-3) was employed to assess participants’ gross motor skills, whereas the ADHD Rating Scale (SDAI), completed by teachers, evaluated ADHD symptoms through two subscales: inattention and impulsivity/hyperactivity. The results revealed an association between motor development and ADHD symptoms, with greater proficiency in gross motor skills correlating with lower symptoms reported on the SDAI. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the TGMD-3 was significantly associated with the risk of ADHD in matched samples of at-risk children and controls. The evaluation of gross motor development proves to be a useful tool for monitoring global development, paying attention to any critical issues, particularly in relation to the variables of inattention and hyperactivity.
Oxytocin Exhibits Neuroprotective Effects on Hippocampal Cultures under Severe Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation Conditions
Authors: Ionescu Mara Ioana , Grigoras Ioana-Florentina , Ionescu Rosana-Bristena , Chitimus Diana Maria , Haret Robert Mihai , Ianosi Bogdan , Ceanga Mihai , Zagrean Ana-Maria
Published: June 2024

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy can result in severe, long-lasting neurological deficits. In vitro models, such as oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD), are used experimentally to investigate neuronal response to metabolic stress. However, multiple variables can affect the severity level of OGD/PA and may confound any measured treatment effect. Oxytocin (OXT) has emerged as a potential neuroprotective agent against the deleterious effects of PA. Previous studies have demonstrated OXT’s potential to enhance neuronal survival in immature hippocampal cultures exposed to OGD, possibly by modulating gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor activity. Moreover, OXT’s precise impact on developing hippocampal neurons under different severities of OGD/PA remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effects of OXT (0.1 µM and 1 µM) on 7-day-old primary rat hippocampal cultures subjected to 2 h OGD/sham normoxic conditions. Cell culture viability was determined using the resazurin assay. Our results indicate that the efficacy of 1 µM OXT treatment varied according to the severity of the OGD-induced lesion, exhibiting a protective effect (p = 0.022) only when cellular viability dropped below 49.41% in non-treated OGD cultures compared to normoxic ones. Furthermore, administration of 0.1 µM OXT did not yield significant effects, irrespective of lesion severity (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that 1 µM OXT treatment during OGD confers neuroprotection exclusively in severe lesions in hippocampal neurons after 7 days in vitro. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms involved in OXT-mediated neuroprotection.
Anesthesia Medication’s Impacts on Inflammatory and Neuroendocrine Immune Response in Patients Undergoing Digestive Endoscopy
Authors: Popa-Ion Denisa-Ancuța , Boldeanu Lidia , Gheonea Dan-Ionuț , Denicu Madalina Maria , Boldeanu Mihail Virgil , Chiuțu Luminița Cristina
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of anesthetic drugs currently used to perform lower digestive endoscopy on serum concentrations of inflammation markers and catecholamines. We selected 120 patients and divided them into three lots of 40 patients each: L1, in which no anesthetics were used; L2, in which propofol was used; and L3, in which propofol combined with fentanyl was used. All patients had serum concentrations of adrenaline/epinephrine (EPI), noradrenaline/norepinephrine (NE), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, taken at three time points: at the beginning of the endoscopic procedure (T0), 15 min after (T1), and 2 h after the end of the endoscopic procedure (T2). The results of the research showed changes in the levels of catecholamines and interleukins (ILs) at T0, with an increased response in L1 above the mean recorded in L2 and L3 (p < 0.001). At T1, increased values were recorded in all lots; values were significantly higher in L1. At T2, the values recorded in L3 were significantly lower than the values in L2 (student T, p < 0.001) and L1, in which the level of these markers continued to increase, reaching double values compared to T0 (student T, p < 0.001). In L2 at T1, the dose of propofol correlated much better with NE, EPI, and well-known cytokines. Our results show that propofol combined with fentanyl can significantly inhibit the activation of systemic immune and neuroendocrine response during painless lower digestive endoscopy.
Preserving Patient Stories: Bioethical and Legal Implications Related to the Shift from Traditional to Digital Anamnesis
Authors: Gibelli Filippo , Bailo Paolo , Pesel Giuliano , Ricci Giovanna
Published: June 2024

It is since the beginning of the so-called ‘digital revolution’ in the 1950s that technological tools have been developed to simplify and optimise traditional, time-consuming, and laborious anamnestic collection for many physicians. In recent years, more and more sophisticated ‘automated’ anamnestic collection systems have been developed, to the extent that they can actually enter daily clinical practice. This article not only provides a historical overview of the evolution of such tools, but also explores the ethical and medico-legal implications of the transition from traditional to digital anamnesis, including the protection of data confidentiality, the preservation of the communicative effectiveness of the doctor–patient dialogue and the safety of care in patients with poor digital and health literacy.
A Higher Neutrophil Count Is Associated with Favorable Achievement of Treatment-Free Remission in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Who Received Second Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor as Frontline Treatment
Authors: Ureshino Hiroshi , Takeda Yusuke , Kamachi Kazuharu , Ono Takaaki , Iriyama Noriyoshi , Ohtsuka Eiichi , Sakaida Emiko , Kimura Shinya
Published: June 2024

Background: ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor discontinuation securely became among the therapeutic goal for chronic myeloid leukemia chronic phase patients (CML-CP). To establish successful prognostic factors for treatment-free remission (TFR), it is necessary to diagnose the patients with high-risk molecular relapse, however, a biomarker for the achievement of TFR has not been completely elucidated. Recent investigations have determined that neutrophils function crucially in cancer immunology. Patients and Methods: The research was a multicenter retrospective observational study to examine the correlation between TFR and neutrophil counts before TKI discontinuation. The investigation included patients having Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML-CP who attempted the discontinuation of TKIs after a durable deep molecular response between January 2012 and July 2021 at four institutions in Japan. Results: 118 CML-CP patients in total discontinued TKIs and an estimated 36-month TFR rate was 65.1%. 52 patients received second-generation TKIs as frontline. Higher neutrophil count (>3210/μL) at TKIs discontinuation was determined as an independent prognostic variable for TFR in patients who received second-generation TKIs as frontline [(HR, 0.235 (95%, confidence interval (CI) 0.078–0.711); p = 0.010]. Conclusions: The neutrophil-mediated immunomodulation can be a significant component for the effective achievement of TFR in CML supported by our clinical observation.
Personalized Classifier Selection for EEG-Based BCIs
Authors: Rahimipour Anaraki Javad , Kolokolova Antonina , Chau Tom
Published: June 2024

The most important component of an Electroencephalogram (EEG) Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) is its classifier, which translates EEG signals in real time into meaningful commands. The accuracy and speed of the classifier determine the utility of the BCI. However, there is significant intra- and inter-subject variability in EEG data, complicating the choice of the best classifier for different individuals over time. There is a keen need for an automatic approach to selecting a personalized classifier suited to an individual’s current needs. To this end, we have developed a systematic methodology for individual classifier selection, wherein the structural characteristics of an EEG dataset are used to predict a classifier that will perform with high accuracy. The method was evaluated using motor imagery EEG data from Physionet. We confirmed that our approach could consistently predict a classifier whose performance was no worse than the single-best-performing classifier across the participants. Furthermore, Kullback–Leibler divergences between reference distributions and signal amplitude and class label distributions emerged as the most important characteristics for classifier prediction, suggesting that classifier choice depends heavily on the morphology of signal amplitude densities and the degree of class imbalance in an EEG dataset.
Tuning Fe2Ti Distribution to Enhance Extrinsic Magnetic Properties of SmFe12-Based Magnets
Authors: Wei Jinbo , Xu Shuainan , Xu Chengyuan , Liu Xiaolian , Pan Yu , Wang Wei , Wu Yue , Chen Ping , Liu Jun , Zhao Lizhong , Zhang Xuefeng
Published: June 2024

The ThMn12-type SmFe12-based rare-earth permanent magnet has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent intrinsic magnetic properties and high-temperature stability. However, the challenge in realizing continuous non-magnetic or weakly magnetic grain boundary phases equilibrated with the SmFe12 main phase hinders the enhancement in extrinsic magnetic properties of the SmFe12-based permanent magnet, especially for the coercivity. In this work, by controlling the cooling rate, the uniform distribution of paramagnetic Fe2Ti phases at grain boundaries is achieved in the SmFe12-based alloy ribbon, resulting in a high coercivity of 7.95 kOe. This improvement is attributed to the elimination of the impurity phase within the SmFe12 main phase and the magnetic isolation effect of the grain boundary phase composed of paramagnetic Fe2Ti, which is directly observed by transmission electron microscopy and further confirmed by micromagnetic simulation. Moreover, first-principles calculations show that the V element can dope into Fe2Ti and facilitate the transition of its paramagnetic state at room temperature. This study provides new insights into constructing weakly magnetic grain boundary phases for SmFe12-based permanent magnets, offering a novel approach to enhance coercivity.
An Effect of Boric Acid on the Structure and Luminescence of Yttrium Orthoborates Doped with Europium Synthesized by Two Different Routines
Authors: Kostova Irena P. , Eftimov Tinko A. , Hristova Katya , Nachkova Stefka , Tsoneva Slava , Peltekov Alexandar
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we present the characteristics of photoluminescent YBO3 successfully synthesized through a solid-state reaction and a microwave-assisted method. We used yttrium oxide and boric acid in excess as the starting reagents. The synthesis conditions were reflected in the fluorescent characteristics and the structure. Excess boric acid caused structural changes, as observed by the FTIR spectroscopy analysis. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline phases and purity of the samples. We observed improved photoluminescence properties in the samples synthesized by the microwave-assisted method. These findings enhance the understanding of the material’s properties and indicate potential applications in illumination, displays, and narrow-band fluorescent smartphone-readable markers.
Dietary Factors and Production Season Effect on the Properties of Goat Cheese
Authors: Rangel-Ortega Sarahí del Carmen , Campos-Múzquiz Lizeth Guadalupe , Charles-Rodríguez Ana Verónica , Palomo-Ligas Lissethe , Solanilla-Duque José Fernando , Flores-Gallegos Adriana Carolina , Rodríguez-Herrera Raúl
Published: June 2024

Artisan goat cheeses (AGCs) from four different producers in Coahuila, Mexico, along with a pasteurized goat cheese (C), were subjected to a comprehensive analysis covering production, chemical, microbiological aspects, and texture. The study aimed to discern the impact of feeding practices, seasonality, and manufacturing technology on their properties. Aspects such as the manufacturing production, chemical composition, microbiological load, and texture characteristics were analyzed. The results highlighted a higher protein content in the cheeses from grazing goats (14.51%), while the highest fat (14.25%) and ash (3.27%) contents were found in the cheeses made during spring from stabled goats. Correlations were noted between the protein content and hardness, as well as the acidity and adhesiveness. Most of the analyzed cheeses showed microbiological levels higher than those allowed by national regulations, with counts ranging from 1 to 7.5 Log cfu g−1 for total coliforms, 2.39 to 7.52 Log cfu g−1 for molds and yeasts, as well as 2.16 to 6.53 Log cfu g−1 for Staphylococcus. The findings of this study offer a comprehensive insight of the effects of feeding practices, seasonality, and manufacturing technology on AGC properties, potentially guiding improvements in both production processes and product quality.
The Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Saffron: An Overview Based on Research and Patents
Authors: Elfardi Yahya Ramadan , El Boukhari Reda , Fatimi Ahmed , Bouissane Latifa
Published: June 2024

Plants and plant extracts have long been acknowledged as valuable resources for the development of therapeutic formulations for various diseases. Among them, numerous plants and plant-derived products have demonstrated cytotoxic and/or anti-tumor properties. Saffron, particularly due to its major compounds, namely crocin, crocetin, and safranal, stands out as a promising candidate in this regard. Our research undertakes a literature review, reaffirming the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and, notably, anti-tumor properties of saffron and its major constituents. Additionally, this study examines relevant patent documents, highlighting innovative applications for saffron and its major compounds in cancer therapy. The review discusses the progress in purifying the compounds extracted from saffron and assesses their impact on cytotoxic trial outcomes, the potential synergies between certain saffron compounds and established cytotoxic molecules, and the limitations of the patents examined, particularly concerning reported clinical evidence. Researchers who focus on advances in oncology will know from our findings the evolution of the patent landscape regarding cytotoxic and/or anti-tumor therapeutic applications using saffron or its main compounds. Moreover, investigators can draw inspiration from patents leveraging traditional knowledge, particularly from Chinese medicine, to clarify specific active molecules and their mechanisms of action and can expedite the translation of these findings into clinically relevant interventions, potentially enhancing cancer therapy outcomes.
Direct Single-Operator Cholangioscopy and Intraductal Ultrasonography in Patients with Indeterminate Biliary Strictures: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Sacco Marco , Gesualdo Marcantonio , Staiano Maria Teresa , Dall’Amico Eleonora , Caronna Stefania , Dibitetto Simone , Canalis Chiara , Caneglias Alessandro , Mediati Federica , Stasio Rosa Claudia , Gaia Silvia , Saracco Giorgio Maria , Bruno Mauro , De Angelis Claudio Giovanni
Published: June 2024

The evaluation of biliary strictures poses a challenge due to the low sensitivity of standard diagnostic approaches, but the advent of direct single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC) has revolutionized this paradigm. Our study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of DSOC and DSOC-targeted biopsies, intraductal ultrasound (IDUS), and standard brush cytology in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures (IBS). We reviewed patients who underwent advanced diagnostic evaluation for IBS at our endoscopy unit from January 2018 to December 2022, all of whom had previously undergone at least one endoscopic attempt to characterize the biliary stricture. Final diagnoses were established based on surgical pathology and/or clinical and radiological follow-up spanning at least 12 months. A total of 57 patients, with a mean age of 67.2 ± 10.0 years, were included, with a mean follow-up of 18.2 ± 18.1 months. The majority of IBS were located in the distal common bile duct (45.6%), with malignancy confirmed in 35 patients (61.4%). DSOC and IDUS demonstrated significantly higher accuracies (89.5% and 82.7%, respectively) compared to standard cytology (61.5%, p < 0.05). Both DSOC visualization and IDUS exhibited optimal diagnostic yields in differentiating IBS with an acceptable safety profile.
Performance of 16S rRNA Gene Next-Generation Sequencing and the Culture Method in the Detection of Bacteria in Clinical Specimens
Authors: Botan Alexandru , Campisciano Giuseppina , Zerbato Verena , Di Bella Stefano , Simonetti Omar , Busetti Marina , Toc Dan Alexandru , Luzzati Roberto , Comar Manola
Published: June 2024

Effective treatment of infectious diseases requires prompt and accurate bacterial identification and tailored antimicrobial treatments. Traditional culture methods are considered the gold standard, but their effectiveness diminishes for fastidious and hard-to-grow microorganisms. In recent years, molecular diagnostic tools such as 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing (16S NGS) have gained popularity in the field. We analysed data from samples submitted for 16S NGS between July 2022 and July 2023 at the Department of Advanced Translational Microbiology in Trieste, Italy. The study included samples submitted for both culture-based identification and 16S NGS. Conventional media were used for culture, and bacterial identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Ion PGM platform. Among the 123 samples submitted, drainage fluids (38%) and blood (23%) were the most common, with requests predominantly from the Infectious Diseases (31.7%) and Orthopedic (21.13%) Units. In samples collected from patients with confirmed infections, 16S NGS demonstrated diagnostic utility in over 60% of cases, either by confirming culture results in 21% or providing enhanced detection in 40% of instances. Among the 71 patients who had received antibiotic therapies before sampling (mean 2.3 prior antibiotic days), pre-sampling antibiotic consumption did not significantly affect the sensitivity of 16S NGS. In routine microbiology laboratories, combining 16S NGS with culture method enhances the sensitivity of microbiological diagnostics, even when sampling is conducted during antibiotic therapy.
Metastatic Nodular Melanoma with Angiosarcomatous Transdifferentiation—A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dumitru Adrian Vasile , Țăpoi Dana Antonia , Costache Mariana , Ciongariu Ana Maria , Ionescu Andreea Iuliana , Liscu Horia Dan , Alius Catalin , Tampa Mircea , Marin Andrei , Furtunescu Andreea Roxana
Published: June 2024

Diagnosing cutaneous melanomas relies mainly on histopathological analysis, which, in selected cases, can be aided by immunohistochemical evaluation of conventional melanocytic markers. Nevertheless, these malignancies, particularly in metastatic settings, may display divergent differentiation with unusual histological and immunohistochemical features. In this context, we present the case of a 65-year-old male diagnosed with typical superficial spreading melanoma who developed recurrence and metastatic lesions featuring angiosarcomatous differentiation. The diagnosis of the initial tumour and the subsequently dedifferentiated lesions was confirmed by ample immunohistochemical analysis, which included several melanocytic markers, as well as mesenchymal and vascular markers. The recurrent tumour and lymph nodes metastases were completely negative for Melan-A and PRAME, and focally positive for SOX10. Additionally, they also displayed diffuse, intense positivity for CD10 and WT1 and focal positivity for CD99, ERB, and CD31. Thus, the diagnosis of primary cutaneous melanoma with recurrent and metastatic divergent angiosarcomatous differentiation was established. This occurrence is particularly rare and can pose important diagnostic challenges. Therefore, in addition to presenting this highly unusual case, we also performed a comprehensive review of the literature on divergent differentiation in melanomas.