bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new species of Hystrignathus (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea: Hystrignathidae) associated with the Bess Beetle Passalus Interruptus Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Passalidae) from The Peruvian Amazonia
Authors: DE OCA URIEL GARDUÑO-MONTES , SARMIENTO-RUIZ THALIA , CARDENAS-CALLIRGOS JORGE MANUEL , OCEGUERA-FIGUEROA ALEJANDRO
Published: June 2022

Bess beetles (Passalidae) are known to maintain biological interactions with a diverse gut symbiotic community, which is far from being well described since these communities from most of the species of Passalidae have not been studied. In order to improve our knowledge of these communities, we describe a new species of Nematoda of the genus Hystrignathus (Hystrignathidae) associated with Passalus interruptus, a bess beetle species of the tribe Passalini collected in Huánuco, Peru, in the Peruvian Amazonia. Hystrignathus nunashae n. sp. is characterized by the presence of cuticular spines beginning just after the end of the first cephalic annule, a posterior cephalic ring dilated and longer than the anterior ring, as well as ornamented eggs. The new species has a didelphic-amphidelphic reproductive system, lateral alae extending from the posterior end of procorpus almost reaching the anus, and a short subulate tail. The external and internal morphological traits of the new species are described, and additionally, based on nuclear ribosomal DNA, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the new species.
5. Zambilfrosh
Authors: Khan Geoffrey
Published: June 2022

A son of a king went out hunting one day with some servants. After three days they set off back home. On the way he found a dead man lying on the ground. The boy was very saddened by this and, on his return, told his father that he had no desire to live a worldly life but wished to go away and become a monk. He went away and met a hermit in a cave who was weaving baskets. The boy stayed with him and made his living through weaving baskets and the like. One day he was accosted by the wife of a king, who asked him to weave a basket for her. When the boy delivered the basket to her, she attempted to seduce him and tempt him by sumptuous gifts. He refused her advances and castigated her. She threatened to tell the prince that he had assaulted her. He prayed to God and, through God’s intervention, somebody came to the door and the boy ran away.
7. Zanbilfirosh—The Basket-Seller
Authors: Mohammadirad Masoud
Published: June 2022

The son of the Prince of Mosul lived a lavish lifestyle and was oblivious of death and afterlife. When he experienced the loss of one of his relatives, he was transformed and chose to become pious. To avoid living off his cruel father, he started to make a living by selling baskets and was, therefore, called Zanbilfirosh, i.e. basket-seller. Once, while strolling streets to sell his baskets, the daughter of the ruler of the city caught sight of him and triedto charm him. However, the pious basket-seller did not consent. The daughter accused him of assault. The guards kept chasing the basket-seller. The basket-seller threw himself down from one of the towers of the citadel and was later buried on a public road. The narrator elaborates on different versions of Zanbilfirosh across Kurdistan.
19. A Ewe and a Wolf
Authors: Mohammadirad Masoud
Published: June 2022

Once upon a time, a ewe and her lamb lost their flock. They arrived at a meadow and stayed there a whole year. One winter day, a cunning wolf passed by the ewe’s hut and claimed that the ewe was dwelling on his territory, and that he had a witness. The ewe knew of the wolf’s intention to eat her lamb. The next day, the ewe saw the wolf wandering around with a fox. The ewe took refuge in a dog’s home. The dog reminded the ewe of the importance of taking an oath on one’s elders among the members of the dog family. He advised the ewe to ask the wolf’s witness to take an oath on the truth of the wolf’s claim, explaining that at the same time he would hide himself behind a tree to attack them if they falsely took the oath. The wolf came along with the fox as his witness. As the fox was taking an oath, he caught sight of the dog behind the tree. The fox became scared and left. The wolf took the oath himself and was attacked by the dog. The wolf withdrew his claim and left.
33. Mirza Muhammad and the Three Princesses
Authors: Noorlander Paul M.
Published: June 2022

Mirza Muhammad is the youngest of three princes; his two elder brothers are called Muhammad Chalabi and Ahmad Chalabi. Once there was a king with three daughters who set forth a challenge for those who wanted to court his beautiful daughters. Whoever could jump over the enormous trench he had dug would be entitled to his eldest daughter. Mirza Muhammad jumps over the trench and reaches the eldest daughter, who knocks him with an apple. He took her and ‘reserved’ her for his eldest brother by hiding her in a room inside the palace. He did the same for the second and third princess. Then Mirza Muhammad’s father passed away and the three brothers began to check the state of the palace. They opened the rooms where the three daughters were hidden, and each took one for himself.
Magnetohydrodynamic Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis on Ethylene Glycol Based Nano Fluid Over a Vertical Permeable Circular Cylinder with Joule Heating and Radiation
Authors: Choudhary Sushila , Chand Nihal
Published: June 2022

This research’s contribution is towards determining heat transfer characteristics of Ag–C2H6O2 and Cu–C2H6O2 nano fluid over a vertical porous circular cylindrical surface. The mixed convection flow
in the presence of electric conductivity, Joule heating and thermal radiation near a stagnation point is considered for investigation. Ethylene glycol is taken as base fluid while copper and silver are nanoparticles. Through similarity transformations, the governing PDEs for momentum, energy,
and concentration are turned into ODEs, which are then interpreted using a fourth-order exactness programme (Bvp4c). The parametric impacts on concentration, temperature and velocity are thoroughly discussed graphically while impact on the rate of heat transfer, skin friction and rate of mass
transfer is obtained in numeral form. The obtained results are compared to published literature and a comparison between Ag–C2H6O2 and Cu–C2H6O2 nano fluids is demonstrated.
Effect of Al2O3–SiO2/Water Hybrid Nanofluid Filled in a Square Enclosure on the Natural Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics: A Numerical Study
Authors: Dağdeviren Abdullah , Gedik Engin , Keçebaş Ali , Pazarlıoğlu Hayati Kadir , Arslan Kamil , Alsabery Ammar I.
Published: June 2022

In this study, heat transfer enhancement by natural convection Al2O3/water mono and Al2O3–SiO2/water hybrid nanofluid in an enclosure cavity have been performed utilizing the finite element method. For numerical computations,
the homogeneous nanofluid approach was considered. The cavity was heated from the left vertical wall and cooled from the right vertical wall while the top and bottom walls were taken as adiabatic. The effects of some related factors such as the Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤
106) and nanoparticles’ volume fraction (0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.05) on the heat transfer by natural convection were examined. To discuss fluid characteristics of mono and hybrid type nanofluid under natural convection effect, the obtained results were presented as streamlines
and isotherms. Also, variations of local and average Nusselt numbers were examined in detail. It was obtained that an increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction leads to the enhancement of convective heat transfer for all Rayleigh numbers. It was also indicated that the highest increment
in heat transfer by convection occurs in the nanoparticle volume fraction of 2% for Al2O3/water and 4% for Al2O3–SiO2/water. The present study results are also consistent with the literature results.
Wound Healing Capacity of the n-Butanolic Extract ofCentaurea tougourensisBoiss. & Reut.
Authors: Dassamiour Saliha , Bensaad Mohamed Sabri , Hambaba Leila , Haba Hamada , Nouicer Ferhat , Kadrine Naima , Hachemi Messaoud , Sami Rokayya , Al-Mushhin Amina A. M. , Aljahani Amani H.
Published: June 2022

Plants are considered an inestimable source of therapy, and one of the oldest. The structural elucidation of phytocompounds allowed the scientific community to elaborate on new effective drugs, which has considerably enriched the international pharmacopoeia and allowed society to overcome several epidemic and pandemic situations.Centaureaspecies demonstrated over the years a remarkable capacity to treat several illnesses related to inflammation, oxidative stress and even cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the wound healing capacity of the n-butanol (n-BuOH) extract ofCentaurea tougourensisusing a formulation approach, during a period of 18 days. Male Swiss Albino mice were used for this purpose and the wound area was calculated using Image J software. In addition, macroscopic and histopathological analyses were performed. The study revealed a considerable healing process for the two tested concentrations (200 and 400 mg/kg) of the plant extract, reaching at the end of treatment a percentage reduction in wound area of (91.82%) and (99.80%) respectively, noting that no sign of inflammation was detected in the group of mice treated by plant extract. This study demonstrated once again the pharmacological properties of this species.
The Effect of Stress on Ferrite Transformation During the Continuous Annealing of DP780 High-Strength Steel
Authors: Hu Shu-Shan , Zhang Qing-Dong , Cao Qiang , Liu Rong-E
Published: June 2022

Continuous cooling transformation curves for DP780 high-strength steel were drawn by combining measured thermal expansion curves, microstructures and hardness values. Annealing experiments for DP780 highstrength steel under three different stresses of 0 MPa, 10 MPa and 20 MPa were carried
out using Gleeble 3500, and a transformation kinetics model of austenite to ferrite was established by considering the effect of stress at low cooling rates. Then, based on the finite element platform and secondary development, the continuous annealing process of DP780 high-strength steel
under various stress states was simulated. The results show that the applied stress has significant effects on the ferrite transformation of DP780 high-strength steel. With increasing tensile stress, the transformation plasticity of ferrite becomes more obvious. The simulation results coincide
with the measurement. It is thus proven that the numerical model can correctly reflect the deformation and transformation laws during the heat-treatment process and lay a foundation for further numerical simulations of the heat-treatment process of high-strength steel.
Hydration and Microstructure of High-Volume Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete Incorporating Metakaolin
Authors: Zhu Yu-Bo , Liu Chun , Chen Deng , Cheng Zhi-Qing
Published: June 2022

In order to relieve the carbon emission of concrete industry, the application of high-volume ground granulated blast furnace slag (HVGGBFS) concrete is one of low cost and effective methods, but its properties develop slowly which needs to be solved. The impact of metakaolin (MK) on
the microstructure and hydration evolution of HVGGBFS concrete has been investigated through the compressive strengths, non-evaporable water, morphology and nanoindentation. The results show that the non-evaporable water evolution of HVGGBFS concrete with MK has a similar trend with the compressive
strength evolution. The use of 10% MK increases the compressive strengths of HVGGBFS concrete, and from the beginning of 28 days, its strengths are higher than those of the control concrete without GGBFS and MK. The use of 10% MK replacing cement reduces pores and unhydrated particles of HVGGBFS
concrete, and however, increases high density calcium-silicate-hydrate (HD C–S–H) and ultra-high density C–S–H (UHD C–S–H), which may be attributed to C–S–H generated by the pozzolanic reaction of MK largely being HD C–S–H and UHD
C–S–H.
Adsorption Studies of Reactive Green 19 from Aqueous Solutions by Polyaniline/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite
Authors: Peng Long-Gui , Zhao Pu , Cheng Huan-Quan , He Qi-Rui , Wang Xiao-Huan , Liu Jia-Xin , Wang Jin-Lei
Published: June 2022

Polyaniline-based composites are potential candidates for the treatment of anionic azo dyes from an aqueous solution. However, the related adsorption mechanisms are not clearly delineated. Here, polyaniline/ montmorillonite (PANI/MMT) nanocomposite was synthesized by incorporating polyaniline
(PANI) into the interlayers of montmorillonite (MMT). The nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results indicated that polymerization of
the aniline monomer within the MMT gallery led to an expansion of basal spacing of the silicate layers. The prepared PANI/MMT nanocomposite was subsequently used for the removal of anionic azo dye Reactive Green 19 (RG19) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of RG19 onto the PANI/MMT nanocomposite
was consistent with the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 46.88 mg/g at 25 °C, according to the linear regression analysis of the Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° = −12.35
kJ/mol, ΔS° = −28.40 J/mol/K) revealed the spontaneous, exothermic, and enthalpy-driven nature of adsorption. Additionally, FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed that the mechanism for adsorption of RG19 onto PANI/MMT nanocomposite involved
hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions between the RG19 dye and adsorbent.
Zoledronic Acid Nanoliposomes Affect the Proliferation and Drug Resistance of Retinoblastoma by Regulating Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jin Xiangdong , Gu Zhongxiu , Yang Jianguo , Wu Jiajian , You Zhirong , Chen Shengxia , Cao Jiufa
Published: June 2022

Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in children. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the molecular mechanism of RB progression. This research explores the anti-tumor effects and specific mechanisms of zoledronic acid nanoliposomes (ZA) in retinoblastoma.
Different concentrations of ZA (5, 10, 20 μmol/L) interfered with WERI-RB-1 and Y79 retinoblastoma cell lines, with flow cytometry being used to detect cell apoptosis and CCK-8 to detect cell proliferation. Transwell detects changes in cell migration and invasion. RT-PCR detects
the changes in the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. RT-PCR detection and Western bolt detection of NF-κB changes. The higher the ZA concentration compared to the control group, in a concentration-dependent relationship, the weaker the cell proliferation and the stronger
the apoptosis. In a concentration-dependent relationship, transwell showed that the higher the ZA concentration, the weaker the cell invasion and migration than the control (all P <0.05). After ZA intervention, Bax and Caspase-3 expressions were accelerated, Bcl-2 was abated. NF-κB
was downregulated after ZA intervention. The test results showed that NF-κB was significantly increased in tissue specimens. ZA has a significant inhibitory effect on tumor malignant biological behavior in retinoblastoma, promotes the apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells, and inhibits
their proliferation, migration, and invasion. The specific mechanism may be achieved by inhibiting NF-κB expression.
Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Nanotubes of Tetraphenylethylene-Porphyrin Conjugates
Authors: Moon Hyungkyu , Jeong Suyeon , Reddy T. Sheshashena , Lee Hae Dong , Choi Myung-Seok
Published: June 2022

A series of tetraphenylethylene-porphyrin conjugates ((TPE)nH2Ps, n = 1, 2, and 4) are synthesized by Lindsey condensation and Adler-Longo methods. (TPE)nH2Ps are structurally characterized by 1H-NMR and MALDITOF
mass spectrometry, and the photophysical and electrochemical properties are analyzed by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry. As the number of TPE increase, the porphyrin band gaps were slightly decreased, together with a small bathochromic shift of absorption
and red shift in emission bands. The theoretical DFT calculations also showed good agreement with the experimental results. From TEM observations, (TPE)2H2P and (TPE)4H2P formed nanotubes with a diameter of 10 to 20 nm and a length of about 100 nm
in a chlorobenzene/n-hexane (1:1 v/v) mixture and found that the wall thickness of nanotubes increased with the number of TPE moieties.
Investigation into the Intermetallic Layers in Ti/Al Multi-Layer Composites Produced via Accumulative Rolling and Sintering
Authors: Yang Yahui , Shen Jianghua , Umeda Junko , Kondoh Katsuyoshi , Li Yulong
Published: June 2022

For anti-penetration applications, multilayer composites combining hard brittle elements confronting penetrators and ductile materials at the back are attractive. Because of the weak connection between the ductile and hard brittle layers, these composites usually lose their anti-penetration
capability when the hard, brittle layer falls apart. In the present work, attempts to produce in-situ hard, brittle layers were carried out through accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and post-sintering. It is found that an intermetallic interlayer of TiAl3 can be produced between
Ti and Al plates with full integrity under a proper sintering condition. The diffusion mechanism between Ti and Al layers was analyzed via microstructural characterization. It implies that Al serves as the primary diffusion phase between Ti and Al plates. This work may shed light on the development
of high-performance anti-penetration multi-layer composites.
Reduced Opioid Use and Prescribing in a Same Day Discharge Pilot Enhanced Recovery Program for Elective Minimally Invasive Colorectal Surgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tran-McCaslin Marie , Basam Motahar , Rudikoff Andrew , Thuraisingham Dhilan , McLemore Elisabeth C.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs) are associated with reduced complications and length of stay. The validation of the I-FEED scoring system, advances in perioperative anesthesia, multimodal analgesia, and telehealth remote monitoring have resulted in further evolution of ERPs setting the stage for same day discharge (SDD). Pioneers and early adopters have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of SDD programs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a pilot SDD ERP on patient self-reported pain scoring and narcotic usage.

Methods

A quality improvement pilot program was conducted to assess the impact of a SDD ERP on post-operative pain score reporting and opioid use in healthy patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery as an alternative to post-operative hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020-December 2021). Patients were monitored remotely with daily telephone visits on POD 1-7 assessing the following variables: I-FEED score, pain score, pain management, bowel function, dietary advancement, any complications, and/or re-admissions.

Results

Thirty-seven patients met the highly selective eligibility criteria for “healthy patient, healthy anastomosis.” SDD occurred in 70%. The remaining 30% were discharged on POD 1. Mean total narcotic usage was 5.2 tablets of 5 mg oxycodone despite relatively high reported pain scores.

Conclusions

In our initial experience, SDD is associated with significantly lower patient narcotic utilization for postoperative pain management than hypothesized. This pilot SDD program resulted in a change in clinical practice with reduction of prescribed discharge oxycodone 5 mg quantity from #40 to #10 tablets.
Understanding the Impact of Time Pressure and Automation Support in a Visual Search Task
Authors: Rieger Tobias , Manzey Dietrich
Published: June 2022

Objective

To understand the impact of time pressure and automated decision support systems (DSS) in a simulated medical visual search task.

Background

Time pressure usually impairs manual performance in visual search tasks, but DSS support might neutralize this negative effect. Moreover, understanding the impact of time pressure and DSS support seems relevant for many real-world applications of visual search.

Method

We used a visual search paradigm where participants had to search for target letters in a simulated medical image. Participants performed the task either manually or with support of a highly reliable DSS. Time pressure was varied within-subjects by either a trialwise time–pressure manipulation (Experiment 1) or a blockwise manipulation (Experiment 2). Performance was assessed based on signal detection measures. To further analyze visual search behavior, a mouse-over approach was used.

Results

In both experiments, results showed impaired sensitivity under high compared to low time pressure in the manual condition, but no negative effect of time pressure when working with a highly reliable DSS. Moreover, participants searched less under time pressure and when receiving DSS support, indicating participants followed the automation without thoroughly checking recommendations. However, the human-DSS team’s sensitivity was always worse than that of the DSS alone, independent of the strength of time pressure.

Conclusion

Negative effects of time pressure can be ameliorated when receiving support by a DSS, but joint overall performance remains below DSS-alone performance.

Application

Highly reliable DSS seem capable of ameliorating the negative impact of time pressure in complex detection tasks.
Social Media as Solidarity Vehicle During the 2020 #EndSARS Protests in Nigeria
Authors: Uwalaka Temple
Published: June 2022

This study interrogates how protesters learned about and planned the 2020 #EndSARS protests in Nigeria. Analyses of survey data collected in 2020 during the protests and content analysis of tweets demonstrate that protesters who used Facebook, WhatsApp and Twitter to learn about and plan the 2020 #EndSARS protests in Nigeria and reported to be 30 years and older are more likely to report joining on the first day of the protest. Data showed a relationship between protesters’ perceived ease of use of a social media platform and their use of such platforms during protests. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
A novel approach to simulate the resin infusion process by two phases coupling free and porous flows intra and inter fiber tows of liquid composite molding
Authors: Li Chen , Huang Jia , Qin Tianliang , Chen Cheng , Gao Limin , Xu Jifeng
Published: June 2022

In this work, a coupling Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes-Darcy two-phase flow model is developed to simulate the resin infusion process intra and inter fiber tow. Navier–Stokes equation is applied in the free flow region while two phases Darcy’s law governs flow in the porous medium. The refined “BJS” (Beavers-Joseph-Saffman) condition is included as the coupling interface condition to solve the two phases and two mediums coupling problems. Flow flux, normal stress and velocity conversations are also taken into consideration as the interface conditions. Transient resin flow front tracking is carried out by adopting Cahn-Hilliard equation in the free flow region based on this novel coupling method and results are compared with quasi realistic model to verify the accuracy of this novel method.
Wielding the Gavel or Balancing the Scales? Domestic Legal Systems and Post-Conflict Justice
Authors: Cox Joseph M. , Van Nostrand Rachel D.
Published: June 2022

This study analyzes the institutional variation across domestic legal systems, with a focus on common law system’s adherence to precedent and reduced recourse to judicial deference, as well as on the degree of independence afforded to courts. These institutional qualities of judiciaries provide the opportunity for courts to play a more active role in the implementation of post-conflict justice, increasing uncertainty for other policymakers concerning the ultimate contours of post-conflict justice processes. To reduce such uncertainty, policymakers ensconced in these types of institutional contexts will be less likely to implement post-conflict justice. Using data from the Post-Conflict Justice dataset, we find that states with common law systems are less likely to pursue and implement post-conflict justice compared to states with civil or Islamic law systems. Moreover, independent courts will be less likely to pursue mixed or restorative forms post-conflict justice, though the impact of judicial independence is weak overall.
Does Online Jealousy Lead to Online Control in Dating Adolescents? The Moderation Role of Moral Disengagement and Socio-Emotional Competence
Authors: Rodríguez-deArriba María-Luisa , Nocentini Annalaura , Menesini Ersilia , Del Rey Rosario , Sánchez-Jiménez Virginia
Published: June 2022

The present study focuses on understanding the online aggression in adolescent couples from a gender-sensitive perspective. Specifically, the aims were: (1) to analyze the direct relationship between online jealousy and online control among adolescent boys and girls and (2) to explore the moderating role of moral disengagement and socio-emotional competence in the association between online jealousy and online control by gender. The sample comprised 1,160 high school students (52.7% girls) aged between 12 and 17 years ( M = 14.25, SD = 1.35). The study design was cross-sectional. The moderation analysis revealed that online jealousy was directly related to the perpetration of online control. Moral disengagement strengthened the relationship between online jealousy and online control among both boys and girls, while socio-emotional competence weakened it, but only among girls. The results are discussed considering the gender differences found and the practical implications for programs designed to promote healthy dating relationships.
The Struggles of the Indian Constitution in the Face of Autocratic Legalism: Constitutionalism at Crossroads?
Authors: Sen Shameek , Guha Shouvik K
Published: June 2022

In this article, we seek to delineate the nature of India’s ongoing constitutional struggles against a grave crisis, considering the threat that such crisis poses to the functioning of the country’s constitutional democracy. Using the acceptable definitive models of such a crisis, we then try to examine the extent to which India’s constitutional struggle might have been necessary in order to confront such a crisis. The role played by the deliberate usage of the legal and prima facie constitutional routes to render the very spirit and safeguards of the constitutional system redundant, or the concept of autocratic legalism, as a singular symptom displayed by such a crisis, is focused upon in this context. We draw analogies from multiple jurisdictions with myriad political legacies, including the USA, Poland, Hungary, Turkey, Russia and the Latin American nations. Increasing the judicial burden to cripple the adjudicating machinery; appointment of judges exhibiting specific political inclination; emergence of a charismatic political leader commanding mass support — the potential impact of these factors on liberal constitutionalism is examined. The article delves into the Indian narrative, citing instances from the past such as the Nehruvian legacy of superseding the judiciary as watchdogs of constitutional values, emergency and relevant constitutional amendments, as well as from the present, such as abrogation of special status of Indian states like Jammu and Kashmir, introduction of national population register and modification of citizenship norms, passing contentious legislation via the Money Bill route to avoid close scrutiny and constitutional debates, reservation on economic grounds and introducing new tax structures impinging on the federal relationship. We assess the role played by the Indian judiciary in each of these instances, along with instances of judicial (pro)activism, and their impact on the overall stability of the judicial institution.
Effects of hearing aids in patients with unilateral tinnitus with acquired ipsilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Ueno Masafumi , Shinden Seiichi , Oishi Naoki , Suzuki Noriomi , Suzuki Daisuke , Ogawa Kaoru , Ozawa Hiroyuki
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of sound therapy using hearing aids in patients experiencing tinnitus with acquired unilateral sensorineural hearing loss.

Methods

A total of 97 patients with unilateral tinnitus with acquired ipsilateral sensorineural hearing loss were included. Evaluation involved self-report questionnaires administered at entry, 3 months after treatment, and 1 year after treatment.

Results

The mean Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score before treatment decreased significantly ( p < 0.01) at 3 months (50.0 ± 24.5-12.7 ± 16.2), and 1 year (53.3 ± 25.5-8.79 ± 13.9), after treatment. Moreover, the visual analog scale score decreased significantly at 3 months (loudness, 69.6 ± 21.9-29.1 ± 27.2; annoyance, 71.1 ± 24.7-22.7 ± 25.5) and 1 year (loudness, 69.8 ± 22.0-21.1 ± 26.1; annoyance, 72.7 ± 25.6-19.4 ± 27.6). Approximately 80-90% of patients noticed improvements in tinnitus annoyance and loudness, as determined by their responses to the questionnaires of subjective symptom improvement.

Conclusions

Hearing aids are remarkably effective for patients with unilateral tinnitus with acquired ipsilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
The problem of anthropocentrism and the human kind of personhood
Authors: Gilbert Bennett
Published: June 2022

Neither of the seemingly straightforward approaches of retaining the human at the top of the hierarchy of beings and of flattening human personhood solves the question of non-human personhood. But the concept of personhood does have the resources to address this issue, if we take it as a kind of moral agency. The way that humans develop moral agency through their temporality, historicity and community must be mapped onto the personhood of animals, but this is extremely difficult and must await more scientific knowledge and wiser and more empathetic human understanding. It is in our hands, rather than the commandment of a non-human reality.
Effects of Task Performance Expectancy Violations on Processing Fluency and Speaker Evaluations
Authors: Dragojevic Marko , Gasiorek Jessica
Published: June 2022

We examined how task performance expectancy violations influence speaker evaluations. Americans listened to a Japanese-accented speaker reading a story; completed a memory test on the story's content; indicated their expected performance on the test; and then received positive, negative, or no performance feedback. Positive feedback positively violated listeners’ performance expectancies and elicited higher fluency, a more positive affective reaction, and more positive speaker evaluations, compared to no feedback. Fluency and affect mediated the effect of positive feedback on speaker evaluations.
Relationship maintenance among military couples
Authors: Knobloch Leanne K. , Monk J. Kale , MacDermid Wadsworth Shelley M.
Published: June 2022

A burgeoning body of research on the relationship maintenance of military couples over the past two decades suggests the time is right to organize, assimilate, and critique the literature. We conducted a systematic review informed by the integrative model of relationship maintenance that considered issues of intersectionality. Our literature search identified 81 relevant journal articles representing 62 unique samples. With respect to theory, 59.3% of the journal articles employed one or more formal theoretical frameworks. In terms of research design, 88.7% of the studies focused on the U.S. military, 83.9% of the studies recruited convenience samples, 54.8% of the studies utilized quantitative methods, and 30.6% of the studies collected longitudinal data. Among the studies reporting sample demographics, 96.8% of participants were married, 77.2% of participants identified as non-Hispanic White, and only one same-sex relationship was represented. Our narrative synthesis integrated findings about relationship maintenance from studies examining (a) relationship maintenance overtly, (b) communicating to stay connected across the deployment cycle, (c) disclosure and protective buffering, (d) support from a partner, (e) dyadic coping, and (f) caregiving and accommodating a partner’s symptoms. We interpret our results with an eye toward advancing theory, research, and practice.
Big Tech’s power, political corporate social responsibility and regulation
Authors: Lindman Juho , Makinen Jukka , Kasanen Eero
Published: June 2022

The economic dominance of large Internet tech companies, specifically the ‘Big Five’ (Google, Apple, Meta née Facebook, Amazon and Microsoft), is fundamentally complicating the organisation of society. Their positions raise profound questions, old and new, at the intersection of information systems and political philosophy, where companies have traditionally appeared in liberal democracies as economic operators rather than powerful political actors that threaten to limit citizens’ fundamental rights significantly through their operations. Importantly, the traditional understanding of corporate social responsibility is rooted in the liberal-democratic conception of moral labour’s division between public and private powers in a market economy. Focussing on this division, the paper analyses the various types of political power these companies wield and the complexities of regulating that power. Thus, it contributes to the IS discipline’s theoretical discussion by introducing political theory concepts that hold untapped potential for reconciling Big Tech and modern liberal-democratic conceptions of society. Taking these concepts as underpinnings for discussing six types of power, in turn (business vs. politics, democratic government, institutions of a market economy, companies, civil society and citizens), the paper offers the discipline example research questions to tackle and points to potential directions for scholarship.
The CannTeen Study: Cannabis use disorder, depression, anxiety, and psychotic-like symptoms in adolescent and adult cannabis users and age-matched controls
Authors: Lawn Will , Mokrysz Claire , Lees Rachel , Trinci Katie , Petrilli Kat , Skumlien Martine , Borissova Anna , Ofori Shelan , Bird Catherine , Jones Grace , Bloomfield Michael AP , Das Ravi K , Wall Matthew B , Freeman Tom P , Curran H Valerie
Published: June 2022

Background:

Adolescence is characterised by psychological and neural development. Cannabis harms may be accentuated during adolescence. We hypothesised that adolescents would be more vulnerable to the associations between cannabis use and mental health and addiction problems than adults.

Method:

As part of the ‘CannTeen’ study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis. There were 274 participants: split into groups of adolescent users ( n = 76; 16–17 years old) and controls ( n = 63), and adult users ( n = 71; 26–29 years old) and controls ( n = 64). Among users, cannabis use frequency ranged from 1 to 7 days/week, while controls had 0–10 lifetime exposures to cannabis. Adolescent and adult cannabis users were matched on cannabis use frequency (mean=4 days/week). We measured Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Psychotomimetic States Inventory-adapted.

Results:

After adjustment for covariates, adolescent users were more likely to have severe CUD than adult users (odd ratio = 3.474, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.501–8.036). Users reported greater psychotic-like symptoms than controls ( b = 6.004, 95% CI = 1.211–10.796) and adolescents reported greater psychotic-like symptoms than adults ( b = 5.509, 95% CI = 1.070–9.947). User-group was not associated with depression or anxiety. No significant interactions between age-group and user-group were identified. Exploratory analyses suggested that cannabis users with severe CUD had greater depression and anxiety levels than cannabis users without severe CUD.

Conclusion:

Adolescent cannabis users are more likely than adult cannabis users to have severe CUD. Adolescent cannabis users have greater psychotic-like symptoms than adult cannabis users and adolescent controls, through an additive effect. There was no evidence of an amplified vulnerability to cannabis-related increases in subclinical depression, anxiety or psychotic-like symptoms in adolescence. However, poorer mental health was associated with the presence of severe CUD.
The prognostic value of the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) for patients with neuroblastoma
Authors: Qi Can , Zhou Yun , Hu Zhonghui , Niu Huizhong , Yue Fang , An Huibo , Chen Zhiguo , Wang Ping , Wang Le , Duan Guochen
Published: June 2022

Objective

The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) can predict the survival of patients with lung cancer and other malignancies. However, the prognostic significance of ALI in neuroblastoma has not been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between ALI and neuroblastoma patient prognosis.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 72 neuroblastoma patients treated between January 2014 and August 2020. ALI calculation: Body mass index (BMI) × serum albumin (ALB)/neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The optimal cutoff points of prognostic biomarkers were determined by generating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. According to the cutoff value, the patients were categorized into low or high ALI groups. The chi-square test was used to compare clinical parameters between the two groups. Potential prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses.

Results

The optimal cutoff value of ALI was 49.17. The low ALI group showed more severe clinical characteristics and poorer survival rates. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses suggested that ALI and the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage were independent prognostic factors for neuroblastoma patients.

Conclusions

Low ALI is associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma patients. ALI may be an independent prognostic biomarker for neuroblastoma.
Confusing delayed hematemesis, unusual arterial hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a case report
Authors: Wang Luna , Guo Gaoli , Yu Jianhua , Lin Ling , Yang Jianhui , Lu Baochun
Published: June 2022

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is one of the most complex surgeries and is associated with a high rate of complications, including bleeding, delayed gastric emptying (DGE), and pancreatic fistula. Although the frequency of postoperative hemorrhage is not high, this complication results in severe adverse outcomes. A 67-year-old man was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and underwent PD. On the tenth day after surgery, he developed hypovolemic shock with hematemesis. Urgent digital subtraction angiography identified the bleeding artery as the jejunal mesenteric artery at the afferent loop, and the bleeding artery was embolized with two coils. After digital subtraction angiography, the patient had an uneventful recovery with no further complications. Therefore, we concluded that it is possible that bleeding may occur in the afferent loop when hemorrhage occurs after PD.
Improving Service Coverage and Response Times for Three-Wheeled Mobile Fire Units on Pari Island, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Fatma , Kim Karl , Adiwibowo Andrio , Octaviani Devie Fitri , Fisher Micah , Yamashita Eric
Published: June 2022

Improved service area coverage and response times by mobile fire response units is key to successful fire suppression and risk reduction. In this paper, the challenges of fire suppression in remote island communities are investigated. Small islands not only have limited firefighting equipment and resources but also face significant transportation problems. This study examines Pari, an island in the Pulau Seribu archipelago in Indonesia, to understand the planning and management of mobile fire units (MFUs) for improving effective response and suppression. Like other communities in developing countries, Pari Island uses small three-wheeled MFU vehicles to respond to emergencies in densely populated settlements with narrow roads and limited access. This study reviews environmental, roadway, vehicle, and operating requirements to support planning, management, and operations of MFUs. Service area coverages were estimated using geographic information system tools to investigate factors such as hose length and constraints based on the transportation infrastructure and exposure to fire hazards. Based on existing conditions, increasing hose length to 20 m would increase the coverage of the MFU service area by two times that of the existing service. The use of a 30-m hose could provide coverage to over 96% of residential structures on Pari Island. In addition to describing the analytical tools including coverage zones, receiver operating characteristic, and area under the curve metrics to support MFU planning and operations, this paper highlights other initiatives that could increase resilience against fires and other hazards threatening small island communities.
Book review: Zakir Husain, Medieval India: Studies in Polity, Economy and Society (Fourteenth–Nineteenth Centuries)
Authors: Khurana Gyaneshwar
Published: June 2022

Zakir Husain, Medieval India: Studies in Polity, Economy and Society (Fourteenth–Nineteenth Centuries). Delhi: Primus Books, Delhi, 2019, 556 pp., ₹1,595, ISBN: 9789352907267 (Hardback).
Study on reducing both flow force and cavitation in poppet valves
Authors: Hao Qianhua , Wu Wanrong , Tian Guangtian
Published: June 2022

The present work is aimed at simultaneously reducing the additional flow force on the cone and cavitation intensity in a poppet valve. A prediction model of flow force on the cone and cavitation was established for the poppet valve by using computational fluid dynamics method (CFD) combined with Zwart–Gerber–Belamri cavitation model. The effects of three poppet valve configurations and their parameters on the flow force and cavitation intensity in valves were investigated. The research results indicate that, compared with the poppet valve A, the poppet valve B has an excellent ability to decrease the flow force on the cone, but promotes the cavitation intensity in the valve. The poppet valve C can not only significantly decrease the flow force on the cone but also has the potential to reduce cavitation intensity in the valve. When the parameter h is 6 mm and the parameter t is 2 mm, the flow force and the relative vapor volume in the valve C can be reduced by an average of 44.2% and 100%, respectively.
Unsteady aerodynamics of plunging cambered foil at low Reynolds number
Authors: Shaik Masuruddin , Hazarika Shyamanta M
Published: June 2022

The present work focuses on the investigation of unsteady aerodynamics of plunging cambered foil with conditions corresponding to that of a Micro Air Vehicle. The effect of non-dimensional plunge amplitude, plunging frequency and the dimensionless plunge velocity on the propulsive performance of a harmonically plunging cambered foil are studied by varying Reynolds number from 2.5 × 104 to 7.5 × 104. Further, the flow field around the foil is analysed to understand the influence of the above-mentioned parameters and the reasons behind the positive thrust force generation. It is observed that these investigated parameters remarkably influence the instantaneous force coefficients. It is also noticed that these parameters have a significant effect on the topology of the leading edge vortex which can dramatically change the aerodynamic performance of the foil. It is observed that the Reynolds number also has a significant influence on the drag-thrust transition.
Toward a Holistic Approach to Reducing Academic Procrastination With Classroom Interventions
Authors: Miyake Akira , Kane Michael J.
Published: June 2022

Although academic procrastination is prevalent, few interventions targeting it have been rigorously tested. We propose a novel approach to developing effective classroom interventions for academic procrastination, based on the ideas that changing complex behaviors requires a holistic, multipronged approach and that intervention research must embrace objective measures of procrastination behavior. We illustrate what such intervention efforts may look like by deriving some easily implementable techniques from a simple process model of self-control, which characterizes procrastination as a goal-management failure resulting from a need to repair negative emotion triggered by impending academic tasks.
The Granger Causality Between Health Expenditure and Gross Domestic Product in OECD Countries
Authors: İlgün Gülnur , Konca Murat , Sönmez Seda
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to reflect the causality relationship between the exchange ratio in gross domestic product (dGDP) and health expenditures per capita (HEPC) among OECD countries based on purchasing power parity in dollars through Granger causality test. Within this perspective, HEPC data of 26 OECD member countries between the years 1992 and 2014 and GDP exchange ratio between the periods 1992–1993 and 2014–2015 were analysed. As a result of the analysis, the relation between the exchange ratio in GDP and HEPC is unilateral in 9 countries and bilateral in 2 countries while there has not been any relation in 15 countries. There are strong relations between the revenues of countries and their health expenditures. The results from this study is considered to lead the health policy makers and planners in taking administrative decisions.
Wealthier Neighbors and Higher Rents: The Rental Assistance Demonstration and Gentrification
Authors: Lowell Warren , Smith Imari
Published: June 2022

Public housing redevelopment is associated with the gentrification of neighborhoods. However, the Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD), the largest redevelopment program in the U.S. to date, encourages preservation and introduces tenant protections that potentially limit gentrification-related displacement. In the first nationwide study of RAD's impact on neighborhoods, we linked administrative housing data with the American Community Survey and conducted difference-in-differences analyses of 1,141 neighborhoods across the U.S. to ask if RAD has induced changes associated with gentrification. We find that neighborhoods with redevelopment experienced larger gains in middle-class residents and larger losses in very low-income residents compared to similar, untreated neighborhoods. Neighborhoods with RAD also saw larger increases in rental housing costs, and these increases were largest in neighborhoods where redevelopment was extensive. These findings suggest that RAD contributes to gentrification. We use these findings to argue that policymakers must consider the housing stability of public housing's neighbors when planning redevelopment.