bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating an Interface Between the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and Physical Therapist Practice
Authors: Escorpizo Reuben , Stucki Gerold , Cieza Alarcos , Davis Kandace , Stumbo Teri , Riddle Daniel L.
Published: May 2010

The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has endorsed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a framework to be integrated into physical therapist practice. The ICF is a universal and inclusive platform for the understanding of health and disability and a comprehensive classification system for describing functioning. The APTA's Guide to Physical Therapist Practice was designed to guide patient management, given the different settings and health conditions that physical therapists encounter in their daily clinical practice. However, physical therapists may be unclear as to how to concretely apply the ICF in their clinical practice and to translate the application in a way that is meaningful to them and to their patients. This perspective article proposes ways to integrate the ICF and the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice to facilitate clinical documentation by physical therapists.
The Role of Teachers’ Non-Verbal Communication in ELT Classroom
Authors: Negi Janak Singh
Published: May 2010

The role of non-verbal behavour in English classroom plays an important role for teaching content and skills. Based on this assumption, this article attempts to shed light on this hitherto unexplored area of research in the Nepalese context based on the observation by the author at various higher secondary schools in Nepal. The findings show that teachers' non-verbal behaviors play a highly important and essential role on learners' motivation in language classroom. Key words: non-verbal communication, paralanguage, information processing DOI: 10.3126/nelta.v14i1.3096 Journal of NELTA Vol.14, No 1&2, 2009 December Page: 101-110
Do constraints rather than freedom provide more opportunities for language learners?
Authors: Rai Vishnu S
Published: May 2010

The paper reports the findings of a small scale research which tried to find out what happens when students do creative writing. Two tasks, one having more constraints and the other having more freedom were given to the learners. Interestingly it was found that the task which had more constraints was found to be more interesting to the learners. Key words: affective engagement, creative writing, experimental research DOI: 10.3126/nelta.v14i1.3098  Journal of NELTA Vol.14, No 1&2, 2009 December Page: 119-131
“Extraordinary and dangerous powers”: Prisons, Police, and Literature in Godwin's Caleb Williams
Authors: Bailey Quentin
Published: May 2010

In the novel Caleb Williams, William Godwin focuses on how “the spirit and character of government intrudes itself into every rank of society” with petitions, resolutions, and parliamentary bills that sought to address the perceived increase in lawlessness in England in the years after the American Revolution. I argue in this article that Godwin's attention to the inhumane rigours of incarceration, his concerns about the development of a shadowy new police force that existed outside the traditional bounds of magisterial oversight, and his anxieties about the increasingly important role of literature in shaping popular attitudes towards suspected criminals grew out of broader discussions about the penal and police reforms that William Pitt's government introduced in the years after the 1780 Gordon Riots. The public debates about the extent of these new powers may have shaped the focus and tone of Godwin's novel as much as the government's suppression of radical dissent in the 1790s.
Quantum Entropy and Its Applications to Quantum Communication and Statistical Physics
Authors: Ohya Masanori , Watanabe Noboru
Published: May 2010

Quantum entropy is a fundamental concept for quantum information recently developed in various directions. We will review the mathematical aspects of quantum entropy (entropies) and discuss some applications to quantum communication, statistical physics. All topics taken here are somehow related to the quantum entropy that the present authors have been studied. Many other fields recently developed in quantum information theory, such as quantum algorithm, quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography, etc., are totally discussed in the book (reference number 60).
Correction: Energy Resources in the Future
Authors: Tomabechi Ken
Published: May 2010

We found three errors in our paper published in Energies [1]. The corrections are as following: [...]
Synthesis and Chemical Characterisation of New Bis-Thieno [2,3-b]thiophene Derivatives
Authors: Mabkhoot Yahia Nasser
Published: May 2010

Using 3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide as synthon a series of new bis-heterocycles incorporating the thieno[2,3-b]thiophene nucleus was prepared and characterized.
In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Laurus nobilis L. Leaf Extracts
Authors: Kaurinovic Biljana , Popovic Mira , Vlaisavljevic Sanja
Published: May 2010

The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of different extracts of laurel leaves were studied. Free radical scavenging capacity (RSC) was evaluated measuring the scavenging activity on the DPPH, NO, O2·- and OH radicals. The effects on lipid peroxidation (LP) were also evaluated. Experimental results indicate that ethyl acetate extract of leaves has exhibited the largest RSC capacity in neutralization of DPPH, NO, O2·- and OH radicals. The same result was obtained in investigation of extracts impact on LP. The in vivo effects were evaluated on some antioxidant systems (activities of GSHPx, LPx, Px, CAT and XOD, and GSH content) in the mice liver and blood-hemolysate after treatment with the examined laurel extracts, or in combination with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). On the basis of the results obtained it can be concluded that the examined extracts exhibited a certain protective effect, which is more pronounced on the liver than on blood-hemolysate parameters. The results obtained indicate toxicity of CCl4, probably due to the radicals involved in its metabolism. Combined treatments with CCl4 and the examined extracts showed both positive and negative synergism. Based on the experimental results, the strongest protective effect was shown by the EtOAc extract.
Combining Biofilm-Controlling Compounds and Antibiotics as a Promising New Way to Control Biofilm Infections
Authors: Estrela Andréia Bergamo , Abraham Wolf-Rainer
Published: May 2010

Many bacteria grow on surfaces forming biofilms. In this structure, they are well protected and often high dosages of antibiotics cannot clear infectious biofilms. The formation and stabilization of biofilms are mediated by diffusible autoinducers (e.g. N-acyl homoserine lactones, small peptides, furanosyl borate diester). Metabolites interfering with this process have been identified in plants, animals and microbes, and synthetic analogues are known. Additionally, this seems to be not the only way to control biofilms. Enzymes capable of cleaving essential components of the biofilm matrix, e.g. polysaccharides or extracellular DNA, and thus weakening the biofilm architecture have been identified. Bacteria also have mechanisms to dissolve their biofilms and return to planktonic lifestyle. Only a few compounds responsible for the signalling of these processes are known, but they may open a completely novel line of biofilm control. All these approaches lead to the destruction of the biofilm but not the killing of the pathogens. Therefore, a combination of biofilm-destroying compounds and antibiotics to handle biofilm infections is proposed. In this article, different approaches to combine biofilm-controlling compounds and antibiotics to fight biofilm infections are discussed, as well as the balance between biofilm formation and virulence.
An Overview of Recent Application of Medical Infrared Thermography in Sports Medicine in Austria
Authors: Hildebrandt Carolin , Raschner Christian , Ammer Kurt
Published: May 2010

Medical infrared thermography (MIT) is used for analyzing physiological functions related to skin temperature. Technological advances have made MIT a reliable medical measurement tool. This paper provides an overview of MIT´s technical requirements and usefulness in sports medicine, with a special focus on overuse and traumatic knee injuries. Case studies are used to illustrate the clinical applicability and limitations of MIT. It is concluded that MIT is a non-invasive, non-radiating, low cost detection tool which should be applied for pre-scanning athletes in sports medicine.
Correction: Chang, C.W., et al. Development of a Three Dimensional Neural Sensing Device by a Stacking Method. Sensors 2010, 10, 4238-4252
Authors: Chang Chih-Wei , Chiou Jin-Chern
Published: May 2010

The authors would like to correct the affiliations and acknowledgement of this paper [1] as follows: [...]
The Zinc-Dependent Protease Activity of the Botulinum Neurotoxins
Authors: Lebeda Frank J. , Cer Regina Z. , Mudunuri Uma , Stephens Robert , Singh Bal Ram , Adler Michael
Published: May 2010

The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT, serotypes A-G) are some of the most toxic proteins known and are the causative agents of botulism. Following exposure, the neurotoxin binds and enters peripheral cholinergic nerve endings and specifically and selectively cleaves one or more SNARE proteins to produce flaccid paralysis. This review centers on the kinetics of the Zn-dependent proteolytic activities of these neurotoxins, and briefly describes inhibitors, activators and factors underlying persistence of toxin action. Some of the structural, enzymatic and inhibitor data that are discussed here are available at the botulinum neurotoxin resource, BotDB (http://botdb.abcc.ncifcrf.gov).
Increasing River Flows in the Sahel?
Authors: Amogu Okechukwu , Descroix Luc , Yéro Kadidiatou Souley , Le Breton Eric , Mamadou Ibrahim , Ali Abdou , Vischel Théo , Bader Jean-Claude , Moussa Ibrahim Bouzou , Gautier Emmanuèle , Boubkraoui Stéphane , Belleudy Philippe
Published: May 2010

Despite the drought observed since 1968 in most of the West African Sahel, runoff and rivers discharges have been increasing in the same region. This trend is related with land use change rather than climate change. This paper aims to describe the regional extension of such a phenomenon and to demonstrate that the increase in runoff is observed from the point scale up to the regional scale. It highlights the opposition of functioning between a Sahelian zone, where the Sahel’s paradox applies, and the Sudanian and Guinean areas, where runoff has been logically decreasing with the rainfall. The current trend is evidenced using experimental runoff plots and discharge data from the local to the regional scales.
Impairment of MCP-1 Expression in Mesothelial Cells Exposed to Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid by Osmotic Stress and Acidic Stress
Authors: Ogata Ryouji , Hiramatsu Nobuhiko , Hayakawa Kunihiro , Nakajima Shotaro , Yao Jian , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Kitamura Masanori
Published: May 2010

Background

Bacterial peritonitis is one of the most frequent complications in patients on peritoneal dialysis. In the present study, we investigated effects of peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) on mesothelial cell recruitment of macrophages, focusing especially on unphysiological properties of PDF.

Methods

Human and murine mesothelial cells were exposed to PDF or individual properties of PDF (low pH, high glucose concentration, hyperosmolality, high lactate concentration) in vitro and in vivo, treated with inflammatory stimuli, and subjected to analyses of monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, and MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1).

Results

We found that intraperitoneal administration of PDF suppressed expression of MCP-1 and infiltration of mononuclear cells in the peritoneum of mice following injection with lipopolysaccharide. Among the unphysiological properties of PDF, low pH and hyperosmolality caused blunted induction of MCP-1 in cytokine-stimulated mesothelial cells. The attenuated response was ascribed to suppression of NF-κB by low pH and inhibition of p38 MAP kinase by hyperosmolality. Furthermore, the attenuated phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase by osmotic stress was associated with induction of MKP-1.

Conclusion

These results suggest a possibility that mesothelial cells exposed to PDF exhibit attenuated MCP-1 expression and consequent impairment of macrophage recruitment through dual mechanisms, that is, inhibition of NF-κB by acidic stress and blunted activation of p38 MAP kinase by osmotic stress. In patients on peritoneal dialysis, blunted expression of chemokines may lead to perturbation of bacterial clearance by macrophages in the peritoneal cavity.
Persistent Symptomatic Intra-Abdominal Collection after Catheter Removal for Pd-Related Peritonitis
Authors: Szeto Cheuk-Chun , Kwan Bonnie Ching-Ha , Chow Kai-Ming , Pang Wing-Fai , Kwong Vickie Wai-Ki , Leung Chi-Bon , Li Philip Kam-Tao
Published: May 2010

Background

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with severe peritonitis require catheter removal. It is often assumed that this approach, together with antibiotics, would eradicate the infection; however, some patients continue to have problems despite catheter removal.

Method

We reviewed 30 consecutive PD patients in our center from 1997 to 2008 with recurrent loculated peritoneal collection after catheter removal for severe peritonitis.

Results

Of the 1928 episodes of peritonitis that occurred in 702 patients during the study period, 11.1% required catheter removal and 1.6% developed recurrent peritoneal collection that required percutaneous drainage. Median time to diagnosis of intra-abdominal collection was 12 days after catheter removal (interquartile range 7 – 61 days). In 25 patients (83.3%), aspirate of the abdominal collection was culture negative. In 17 patients (56.7%), the abdominal collection was recurrent and required repeated percutaneous aspiration. Only 3 patients had successful reinsertion of the peritoneal catheter but all had reduced small solute clearance after returning to PD.

Conclusion

A small but not negligible proportion of patients with PD-related peritonitis develop recurrent intra-abdominal collection that requires percutaneous drainage after catheter removal. The chance of a successful return to PD is very low in this group of patients. Direct conversion to long-term hemodialysis may avoid unnecessary attempts at peritoneal catheter reinsertion.
Phaedrus The Fabulous
Authors: Champlin Edward
Published: May 2010

Phaedrus, far from being a Greek freedman striving to inscribe himself among the élite of Latin letters, was a Roman aristocrat masquerading as a man of the people to say in fable what could not safely be otherwise said. Modern biographical constructions are mostly fantasy. In coded terms the poet playfully reveals his gentle birth in Rome itself; he parades a mastery of the two most Roman contributions to literature, (Horatian) satire and jurisprudence; and he proclaims his belief in life's unfairness and in resignation to it, his contempt for both monarchs and mobs, and his admiration for the wise individual.
Divine Comedy? Accession Propaganda in Pliny, Epistles 10.1–2 and the Panegyric
Authors: Hoffer Stanely E.
Published: May 2010

This article investigates the use, in Pliny's official writings of imperial praise, of the theme of ‘divine comedy’ – the idea that everything is for the best in the imperial world under the ideal emperor. An examination of this prominent theme can help us understand how Pliny handled the inevitable tensions in an imperial ideology which was grounded in the opposing figures of the ‘good’ emperor who deserved deification, and the ‘bad’ emperor who deserved tyrannicide.
Roman Inscriptions 2001–2005
Authors: Cooley Alison E. , Mitchell Stephen , Salway Benet
Published: May 2010

This paper surveys work relating to Roman inscriptions published during the period 2001–2005. The main aims are to signal important newly discovered inscriptions, significant reinterpretations of previously published texts, new trends in the scholarship on the subject and recent studies drawing heavily on epigraphic sources, as well as to report on the progress of major publishing projects.
Crying Wolf: The Pope and the Lupercalia
Authors: McLynn Neil
Published: May 2010

This article examines the Contra Andromachum, the open letter in which Gelasius of Rome (A.D. 492–496) condemned the continued involvement of members of the now Christian élite in the Lupercalia. It is suggested that the Pope's argument is less straightforward than has been supposed: the current status and recent history of the festival are left unclear, and the Pope's allegations about the motives of its sponsors are of dubious credibility. Of more significance is the public aspect of the festival, and in particular the opportunities it provided for those who organized it to advertise a connection with the heritage of Rome.
Emptio Bovis Frisica: the ‘Frisian Ox Sale’ Reconsidered
Authors: Bowman A. K. , Tomlin R. S. O. , Worp K. A.
Published: May 2010

The article offers a re-edition of a Latin stilus tablet found in 1917 at Tolsum in the Netherlands, the region inhabited in Roman times by the tribe of the Frisii, and first published as a contract of sale for an ox. The re-edition, with readings based on new techniques of digital image capture, establishes the date of the text (A.D. 29) and shows that it does not concern the sale of an ox, but is more probably the second half of a loan-note for a sum of money now lost, between a debtor whose name is lost and a creditor named Carus (or perhaps Andecarus) who was a slave of Iulia(?) Secunda, herself perhaps the wife of a tribune of Legion V named T(itus) Cassius
Brother-Sister Marriage and Inheritance Strategies in Greco-Roman Egypt
Authors: Rowlandson Jane , Takahashi Ryosuke
Published: May 2010

Responding to recent discussions of brother-sister marriage in Roman Egypt, this article re-examines the Greek and Egyptian evidence for the practice, both papyrological and literary. Exploring possible antecedents in Egypt and Greece and the distinctive development of Egyptian inheritance practice, we argue that the brother-sister marriages involved real siblings, and that by the beginning of Roman rule such marriages were legitimised by a Ptolemaic law and the prevalent belief that they followed ancient Egyptian custom. But new circumstances introduced by Roman rule, particularly the increasing importance of private property ownership, encouraged the practice to become popular through much of northern Egypt. The explanation for brother-sister marriage in Egypt must be sought in the immediate local historical context, not that of the Eastern Mediterranean generally.
Young Achilles in the Roman World
Authors: Cameron Alan
Published: May 2010

This paper considers the representation of Achilles in Roman poetry and art and, in particular, Roman interest in his childhood, culminating in the ‘exposure’ on Scyros. It is argued that common features in literature and art support the existence of illustrated mythographic handbooks. The relationship of Statius' Achilleid to the cycle of scenes representing Achilles' early years known from wall-paintings, mosaics, sarcophagi and the Kaiseraugst plate is discussed. Although the surviving book of the Achilleid concerns the pre-Troy years, it is suggested that Statius' real focus was the Trojan War itself.
The Size of the Economy and the Distribution of Income in the Roman Empire
Authors: Scheidel Walter , Friesen Steven J.
Published: May 2010

Different methods of estimating the Gross Domestic Product of the Roman Empire in the second century C.E. produce convergent results that point to total output and consumption equivalent to 50 million tons of wheat or close to 20 billion sesterces per year. It is estimated that élites (around 1.5 per cent of the imperial population) controlled approximately one-fifth of total income, while middling households (perhaps 10 per cent of the population) consumed another fifth. These findings shed new light on the scale of economic inequality and the distribution of demand in the Roman world.
Senses and Religion. Introductory Thoughts
Authors: Barna Gábor
Published: May 2010

The theme of the conference of the SIEF Commission for Folk Religion (9–12 September 2006, Celje, Slovenia) was based on two pillars. One was the sensual perception of reality and within this the place of the five human senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste), and the other was religion as a process of cognition, in which the role of sensual perception may differ from one age and one culture to another.
***
Osnovna tema konference Komisije za ljudsko religijo SIEF (9.–12. september 2006 - Celje, Slovenija) je slonela na dveh temeljih. Prvi pomeni čutno percepcijo resničnosti in znotraj nje mesto petih čutov (vid, sluh, vonj, dotik in okus), drugi pa religijo kot proces spoznavanja, v katerem se vloga čutnega dojemaja lahko razlikuje od ene dobe do druge in ene kulture do druge.
Candles in Swedish Churches
Authors: Bringéus Nils-Arvid
Published: May 2010

The author describes how Swedish churches and society have had different relationships to the use of candles: affirmative up to the Reformation, and negative or ambivalent up to the twentieth century, when candles started once again becoming an important element not only of religious life, but public life as well.
***
Avtor opisuje, kako so v švedskih cerkvah in družbi v različnih obdobjih imeli različen odnos do rabe sveč: afirmativnega do same reformacije, odklonilnega ali ambivalentnega ves čas do 20. stoletja, ko so postale sveče znova pomemben element verskega doživljanja in tudi drugače v javnem življenju.
The Use of the Senses in Religious Revival Movements
Authors: Gustavsson Anders
Published: May 2010

This paper demonstrates that sight and hearing have played the most important roles in the Protestant regions of Scandinavia. In many instances, the phenomena linked to sight and hearing have been maintained for long periods of time, and new phenomena have come into existence in other respects. Revivalist movements have wavered between maintenance of traditions and a regeneration that would enable them to awaken interest among new generations. Senses other than sight and hearing have not had the same importance in the post-Reformation period. However, touch has played a more important role than previously realized by scholars of cultural history. Taste and smell, on the other hand, have not yet acquired the same importance as touch, even if taste has acquired a new social function in a religious context.
***
Razprava pokaže, da sta bila v skandinavskih protestantskih deželah med čuti najpomembnejša vid in sluh. V številnih primerih so se pojavi, povezani z vidom in sluhom, zelo dolgo ohranili, novi pojavi pa so nastali v drugačnih povezavah. Prenovitvena gibanja so omahovala med vzdrževanjem tradicije in regeneracijo, kar jim je omogočalo zbuditi interes pri mlajših generacijah. V postreformacijskem obdobju drugi čuti niso bili tako pomembni. Vsekakor je imel dotik pomembnejšo vlogo, kakor mu jo pripisujejo kulturni zgodovinarji. Pomen okusa in vonja ni bil tako pomemben, čeprav je okus v religioznem kontekstu dobil novo socialno funkcijo.
Becoming Sacred. The Use of the Body in Identity Transformation
Authors: Šantek Goran Pavel
Published: May 2010

This paper analyzes various ways of using of the human body and senses in the religious practice of the Catholic movement the Neocatechumenal Way. This religious movement, established in Spain in 1960s, especially emphasizes ritual practice, which is considered the main instrument of communication with the sacred Other. Innovations in ritual practice and their symbolic interpretations are followed by careful planning of how to achieve full engagement, contemplative as well as bodily and sensory, of the members in ritual acts. The aim of this paper is to make a contribution, based on new fieldwork data, to research on bodily and sensory dimensions of ritual practice.
***
Avtor v razpravi analizira različne načine rabe človeškega telesa in čutov v religioznih ritualnih praksah katoliškega gibanja Neokatehumenska pot. Religiozno gibanje, ustanovljeno v Španiji v 60. letih, posebej poudarja ritualne prakse, ki jih imajo za glavno sredstvo komunikacije s svetim Drugim. Inovacije v ritualnih praksah in njihovo simbolično interpretacijo spremlja skrbno načrtovanje, kako doseči polni angažma udeležencev ritualnega dejanja, tako na kontemplativni kakor telesni in čutni ravni. Namen razprave je na osnovi novih terenskih podatkov prispevati raziskavo o telesnih in čutnih dimenzijah ritualnih praks.
The Vow as Visual Feast. Honoring St. Joseph in Sicilian American Homes
Authors: Primiano Leonard Norman
Published: May 2010

This article discusses the home altars built by Sicilian American women to honor St. Joseph in the seaport community of Gloucester in the state of Massachusetts. Of particular importance when considering the communicative and creative esthetics of this belief and practice is the rich way this votive tradition expresses and exemplifies nine fundamental characteristics of vernacular Catholicism.
***
Prispevek obravnava domače oltarje, ki jih ameriške Sicilijanke v pristaniški skupnosti v Gloucesterju (Massachusetts) postavljajo v čast sv. Jožefu. Ob obravnavi komunikacijske in ustvarjalne estetike verovanja in prakse je posebnega pomena bogatost votivne tradicije, ki izraža in ponazarja devet temeljnih značilnosti vernakularnega katolištva.
The Performance of a Cult of the Senses. A Feast of Fans at Jim Morrison’s Grave in Paris
Authors: Margry Peter Jan
Published: May 2010

This article deals with the different ways fans commemorate and venerate the American rock star and poet Jim Morrison (1943-1971), at his grave at Pere Lachaise cemetary in Paris and for which the senses play an important role.
***
Avtor razpravlja o različnih načinih, na katere oboževalci komemorirajo in častijo ameriškega rokovskega zvezdnika in pesnika Jima Morrisona (1943-1971) na njegovem grobu na pariškem pokopališču Père Lachaise. Pri tem imajo čuti zelo pomembno vlogo.
The Modern Church Festival of the Assumption (Žolinė) In Lithuania. Understanding and Motives for Observation
Authors: Mardosa Jonas
Published: May 2010

Based on information from ethnographic studies carried out during the Feast of the Assumption in Pivašiūnai on 15 August 2001 and literary material, this article seeks to determine how people understand this church festival, what aspects of the feast are important to them, and what the motives are for their participation. Information from the study showed that pilgrims understand the Assumption as a feast, and an opportunity to realize their religious needs and honour the Blessed Virgin Mary. A significant motive for participating in the church festival was seeking absolution and penance.
***
Na osnovi informacij, zbranih pri etnografskih raziskavah v času praznika Marijinega vnebovzetja v Pivašiūnai 15. avgusta 2001, in pisnega gradiva, skuša avtor ugotoviti, kako ljudje razumejo cerkveni praznik, kateri vidiki praznika so jim pomembni in kateri so najpomembnejši motivi za udeležbo. Zbrane informacije kažejo, da romarji razumejo Marijino vnebovzetje kot praznik in priložnost, da uresničijo svoje religiozne potrebe in počastijo Blaženo Devico Marijo. Zelo pomemben motiv za udeležbo pri prazniku je iskanje odpuščanja in odveze.
The Imperio in the Azores. The Five Senses in Rituals to the Holy Spirit
Authors: Montez Maria Santa
Published: May 2010

The author describes what senses are significant, and how, in the ritual Imperio festival that takes place in the Azores and has been connected with the veneration of the Holy Spirit since the 13th century. This deeply-rooted ritual practice has a special collective value within local communities and is especially cherished by emigrants to the United States and Canada.
***
Avtorica opisuje, kako in kateri čuti so pomembni pri ritualu “Imperio” (vladar) na Azorskih otokih. Obred je povezan s čaščenjem Svetega duha, ki je poznano že od 13. stoletja. Globoko zakoreninjena ritualna praksa je posebna kolektivna vrednota v lokalnih skupnosti, posebej je pomembna priseljencem iz Združenih držav Amerike in Kanade.
The Nativity Scene and Fidelity in the Family. An Expression of Faith
Authors: Grčar Leopold
Published: May 2010

The author discusses how the nativity scene – as presented in churches, monasteries, and in the homes of both rich and poor – was and remains a very important part of Slovenian history, culture, and folklife, and especially part of religious tradition. As Slovenian families accept and live their faith, they construct nativity scenes and preserve ritual practices.
***
Avtor razpravlja o tem, kako so in so bile jaslice, ki jih postavljajo v cerkvah, samostanih, domovih bogatih in revnih, zelo pomemben del slovenske zgodovine, kulture, ljudskega življenja in še posebej religiozne tradicije. Slovenske družine, ki sprejemajo in živijo vero, postavljajo jaslice in ohranjajo ritualno prakso.
N. N. Kharuzin and W. Kandinsky
Authors: Kerimova Marijam M.
Published: May 2010

Prispevek predstavlja stike med ruskim etnografom Nikolajem Haruzinom in slovitim slikarjem Vasilijem Kandinskim. Ta je v svoji ustvarjalnosti uporabil številne šamanske motive. Pri tem ni šlo za modnost ali strast do eksotičnega, temveč za globoke sledi v osebnostnem razvoju, biografiji in pogledu na svet. Že kot študent se je poglobljeno zanimal za šamanstvo ljudstev na ruskem severu in v Sibiriji, in to prav pod Haruzinovim vplivom. Prijatelja sta postala že 1885, ko sta začela oba študirati na moskovski pravni fakulteti, se v času študija udeležila znanstvenih odprav. Po študiju se je Kandinski odločil za slikarstvo in šel 1896 v München v zasebno slikarsko šolo A. Ažbeta, Haruzin pa je deloval kot etnograf. Tudi po Haruzinovi zgodnji smrti leta 1900 je Kandinski ohranil stike z njegovo družino in njegovim delom. Zlasti Haruzinova monografija Russkie Lopari (Ruski Laponci), učbenik Etnografiya (Etnografija) in druge Haruzinove raziskave šamanstva so nedvomno močno vplivale na njegovo umetniško ustvarjalnost. V prilogi je objavljenih 12 Kandinskijevih pisem prijatelju.
***
The paper presents personal and scholarly relations between the Russian ethnographer N. N. Kharuzin and the famous Russian painter W. Kandinsky. Kandinsky used shamanistic motifs in his creative works. This was not a tribute to fashion or a passion for exotica: shamanistic motifs had deep roots in his personal genealogy and biography, and his mindset. As a student he was deeply interested in shamanism of the people of the Russian nord and Siberia. This interest was influenced by Kharuzin. They became friends in 1885, when both entered the faculty of law in Moscow, and while at university they took part in scientific expeditions. After the study Kandinsky decided to devote himself to painting and moved to Munich in 1896, where he entered the private art school of A. Ažbe, and Kharuzin worked as an ethnographer. After Kharuzin’s death in 1900, Kandinsky maintained contacts with his family and with his work. Especially Kharuzin's monograph Russkie Lopari (Russian Saami), the textbook Etnografiya (Ethnography) and Kharuzin's research in shamanism undoubtedly affected Kandinsky's artistic creativity. In the appendix twelve letters written by Kandinsky to Kharuzin are published.
Nergal y la deidad doble del friso del Banquete infernal de Pozo Moro
Authors: López Pardo Fernando
Published: May 2010

Preside la escena del Banquete infernal del monumento orientalizante de Pozo Moro una figura entronizada con cuerpo humano y dos cabezas animales idénticas y superpuestas. Se propone identificarla con una deidad asimilable a Nergal con su gemelo Erra, o sus correspondientes Lugal-irra y Meslamta-ea, señores del Inframundo. Aunque su culto se extendió por Siria y el entorno de Fenicia, especialmente en Samaria, es el Alto Éufrates donde parece concentrarse un sorprendente conjunto de indicios que permitirían precisar que fue allí donde se gestó la idea o la imagen que vemos finalmente plasmada en Pozo Moro: la implantación en la zona del culto de Nergal; especial proximidad en cuanto a los elementos iconográficos de origen neohitita que aparecen en los frisos de Pozo Moro; frecuencia de las representaciones de seres híbridos en su relivaria y la constatación de iconografía de seres híbridos devorando humanos que encuentran su reflejo en el Banquete infernal; permanencia en la zona de comunidades fenicias aún en el siglo VII a.C., etc. Es posible que el proceso de transferencia se hubiera realizado a través del culto de alguna deidad fenicia relacionada con el Inframundo, pero no contamos con indicios que permitan precisar de cual pudo tratarse.
Fuentes de riqueza y promoción social de los negotiantes salsarii béticos durante el Alto Imperio romano. Una aproximación diacrónica
Authors: García Vargas Enrique , Martínez Maganto Julio
Published: May 2010

Planteamos un estudio centrado en los mecanismos de promoción socio-económica que experimentaron los comerciantes de salazón en la Bética romana durante el Alto Imperio, al margen de su propio origen social. Los testimonios de la epigrafía (lapidaria y anfórica) constituyen la base fundamental sobre la que asentar las evidencias de su paulatina aproximación a las elites sociales de Roma, en perjuicio de sus propias comunidades de origen.
Arquitectura sacra de época tardía en Hispalis. Algunas reflexiones
Authors: Sánchez Ramos Isabel
Published: May 2010

Pretendemos en las siguientes líneas intentar enriquecer el conocimiento de dos edificios hispalenses adscritos a la Antigu.edad tardía. En primer lugar, es nuestro propósito poner de relieve las dificultades que existen, a nuestro juicio, para identificar como iglesia una estructura absidada recuperada en el área arqueológica de La Encarnación. En segundo lugar, la presencia de una piscina bautismal situada en el Patio de Banderas de los Reales Alcázares nos permitirá realizar algunas consideraciones respecto a su primitivo marco arquitectónico.
Ocupación y uso del territorio en el sector centromeridional de la cuenca del Duero entre la Antigüedad y la alta Edad Media (siglos I-XI d.C.)
Authors: Blanco González Antonio , López Sáez José Antonio , López Merino Lourdes
Published: May 2010

Los autores plantean una lectura de síntesis sobre las dinámicas de asentamiento y explotación de los territorios comprendidos entre el Sistema Central y las campiñas al sur del río Duero entre la implantación romana y los momentos altomedievales. Para estudiar el poblamiento se ha recurrido a los datos de prospección extensiva de los inventarios provinciales, con el concurso de los resultados de recientes excavaciones en yacimientos rurales y urbanos. A partir de esta información arqueológica se ha ensayado una evaluación cuantitativa de los usos del suelo en el Valle Amblés (Ávila), midiendo los territorios de explotación de algunos sitios mediante un Sistema de Información Geográfica. Se integra la información paleopalinológica procedente tanto de sondeos en turberas como de muestreos en yacimientos excavados. El trabajo atiende a la transformación de las pautas agropastoriles desde la colonización altoimperial y hasta la ocupación aldeana de comienzos del Medievo, siguiendo unos ejes diacrónicos que pivotan sobre la proliferación del hábitat rural, la creciente intensificación agraria y la especialización productiva.
Análisis arqueológico e interpretación de los espacios funerarios del oppidum de Giribaile en el territorio del Valle del Guadalimar (Jaén)
Authors: Gutiérrez Soler Luis M. , Izquierdo Peraile Isabel
Published: May 2010

Presentamos en este trabajo el espacio funerario correspondiente al asentamiento ibérico de Giribaile (Vilches, Jaén), que entra dentro de la categoría de los grandes oppida del Alto Guadalquivir. Mediante prospección se han definido tres sectores de necrópolis que rodean la base de la meseta fortificada donde se sitúa el oppidum. En el sector funerario denominado de la plataforma inferior se ha documentado la base de un monumento de forma cuadrangular y dimensiones considerables, dotado de una cornisa con moldura de gola lisa. La presencia de esta construcción ofrece paralelos con otros monumentos funerarios ibéricos del área del Guadalquivir y, en general, del sureste peninsular.
Lucus Feroniae Emeritensis
Authors: García-Bellido M. Paz
Published: May 2010

Las cincuenta inscripciones de Sta. Lucía de Alcuéscar (Cáceres) recientemente publicadas, de las que quince están dedicadas a Ataecina, nos permiten proponer la identificación del lugar como el lucus Feroniae citado en los textos como perteneciente al territorio emeritense, sin duda una interpretatio Romana del témenos de la divinidad local. Junto a esos altares dedicados a Ataecina existen otros muchos con la advocación a una divinidad innominada, dea domina sancta e, incluso, otros varios anepígrafos, todos ellos deben ser testimonios de otras formulaciones diferentes del culto del lucus. El santuario, en la frontera de cinco pueblos diferentes y junto al iter ab Emerita Asturicam, debió jugar un importante papel como santuario extraurbano. Su captación por los romanos en la deductio de Emerita implicó posiblemente la introducción en la capital de esa divinidad como dea adoptiva, cuya representación puede verse en las monedas emeritenses y en una escultura del museo de la ciudad.
Ein «Gemeinschaftsgrab» für tote aus der Varusschlacht im Südlichen Hispanien? - Zur frühneuzeitlichen Uberleieferung Zweier Inschrifien und Grabepigramme
Authors: Wiegels Rainer
Published: May 2010

Dos inscripciones romanas se descubrieron supuestamente en "Hellerena", la actual Llerena en el Sur de España, a las que se añadieron algunos epigramas. Estas mismas inscripciones se mencionan como hallazgos de las cercanías de Vetera I/Xanten, en el bajo Rhin. Las inscripciones, claramente espúreas y mencionadas solamente en manuscritos, tratan de los "polyandreîon" en los que los soldados de las legiones V y XIX fueron enterrados tras su muerte defendiendo los Castra Vetera. Estos manuscritos cuentan incluso que Germánico, más tarde, mandó enterrar huesos de otros soldados de esas mismas legiones caídos en la clades Variana del 9 d.C. Este artículo intenta resolver el problema de esta tradición literaria inusual de las inscripciones. El falso procede posiblemente de una antigua versión de los precisos Anales de Tácito.
La cerámica romana de paredes finas del Santuario de So n'Oms, Palma de Mallorca. Nuevas producciones de Mallorca e Ibiza
Authors: López Mullor Alberto , Estarellas M. Magdalena
Published: May 2010

Dentro del conjunto talayótico conocido como So n'Oms, situado en el término municipal de Palma (Mallorca, islas Baleares), existe un santuario excavado en la década de los sesenta, que proporcionó un extenso lote de cerámica de paredes finas, depositadas allí como ofrenda. Los materiales pueden situarse entre los años 20/10 a.C. y 50 de nuestra era. Destaca su buen estado de conservación, que ha permitido un reconocimiento minucioso de pastas y decoraciones, habiéndose podido atribuir una gran parte de las piezas a centros productores de Mallorca y sobre todo —más del 70 %— de Ibiza. También se han localizado vasos héticos e itálicos.
Formas arquitectónicas funerarias de carácter monumental en Colonia Patricia Corduba
Authors: Vaquerizo Gil Desiderio
Published: May 2010

Análisis en profundidad de las primeras manifestaciones funerarias monumentales documentadas en Colonia Patricia Corduba, valorando tanto las formas arquitectónicas —que, aun cuando realizadas mayoritariamente con materiales autóctonos y sin duda por parte de talleres locales, denotan una clara componente itálica en lo que se refiere a los modelos y la morfología de los enterramientos—, como su distribución topográfica, particularmente en relación con las vías, que comienzan a monumentalizarse en torno al cambio de Era.
Nuevo titulus pictus y hallazgos recientes de pintura mural romana registrados en Valencia
Authors: Jiménez Salvador José Luis
Published: May 2010

Este artículo se dedica al estudio de los restos de decoración pictórica romana procedentes de la excavación arqueológica realizada en 1998 en el nº 6 de la plaza de Cisneros en Valencia. Destacan las imitaciones de mármoles con la presencia de un interesante titvlvs pictvs, así como decoraciones con plumas de pavo real, además de una posible representación de Venus que probablemente estaría relacionada con la proximidad del puerto fluvial.
«Archivo Español de Arqueología». Notas para una historia de la revista
Authors: Mora Gloria
Published: May 2010

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Reflexiones sobre el trasfondo cultural del polimorfismo megalítico en la Lora burgalesa
Authors: Delibes de Castro Germán , Rojo Guerra Manuel A.
Published: May 2010

A través del análisis de los tipos de monumento, el comportamiento de sus ajuares y las características de los depósitos funerarios, pretendemos extraer una serie de conclusiones en relación con la evolución del foco megalítico de La Lora burgalesa y el trasfondo cultural que subyace a la variabilidad monumental que se aprecia en la zona.
La precolonización y la colonización fenicia. El período orientalizante en la Península Ibérica. Estado de la cuestión
Authors: Blázquez J. M.
Published: May 2010

Se han propuesto en los últimos decenios algunas tesis novedosas sobre la colonización fenicia en Occidente, como la existencia de una etapa precolonial; la importancia de los santuarios; la colonización agrícola, en el Atlántico y en el Levante ibérico; el papel de la aristocracia de Tiro; la interpretación de las estelas grabadas.
Melqart-Herakles matando al Toro Celeste en una placa ebúrnea de Medellín
Authors: Almagro-Gorbea Martín
Published: May 2010

En la necrópolis tartésica orientalizante de Medellín ha aparecido una placa con una escena de tauromaquia fechada hacia el 600 a.C. con un personaje con gorro frigio que apuntilla a un toro. Su análisis iconográfico permite interpretarla como un posible mito de «Melqart dando muerte al Toro Celeste», probable precedente del mito griego de Heracles y el Toro de Creta. Además de su interés para la mitología clásica, este marfil confirma la profunda interrelación entre la mitología y las creencias tartésicas y fenicias.
Los primeros testimonios metrológicos y monetales de fenicios y griegos en el Sur peninsular
Authors: García-Bellido M. Paz
Published: May 2010

Datos metrológicos y numismáticos podrían señalar la presencia focea en el sur peninsular desde época arcaica. Los ponderales con marcas fenicias hallados en Guadalhorce parecen ser de metrología focense, vigente ya en la zona por lo tanto en el s. VII. Por otro lado, las imágenes de las monedas de Malaca podrían reflejar la existencia de una doble comunidad fenicio-griega en la ciudad en el s. II a.C., atestiguando la noticia que Estrabón transmite de que Mainake y Malaca habían sido en una fecha pasada una misma ciudad. En un apéndice se publican cuatro monedas inéditas del sur peninsular.
La Península Ibérica: arqueología e imagen mítica
Authors: Plácido D.
Published: May 2010

El conocimiento de los primeros viajes de griegos y fenicios a la Península Ibérica requiere una nueva lectura de las fuentes que permita adaptar la realidad arqueológica. Si los restos arqueológicos griegos son escasos y las referencias literarias abundantes, cabe plantearse la hipótesis de que los conocimientos griegos reflejados en los textos procedan de los contactos mediterráneos con los fenicios, suficientemente documentados en varios ámbitos de la investigación.
Perduraciones y romanización en Hispania a la Luz de la arqueología funeraria: notas para una discusión
Authors: Bendala Galán Manuel
Published: May 2010

El artículo aborda una aproximación teórica al concepto historiográfico de «romanización» y su discusión a la luz de las aportaciones de la Arqueología funeraria. Se discuten algunas aportaciones recientes acerca del significado cultural y sociológico de la conocida necrópolis de Carmo, y se vuelve a ella -y a otras de la Bética- para analizar fenómenos de romanización y de autoafirmación étnica.
Numancia: campamentos romanos y cerco de Escipión
Authors: Jiménez Martínez Alfredo
Published: May 2010

Se analizan los campamentos romanos, en torno a Numancia, y el cerco de Escipión, excavados e interpretados por A. Schulten, a principios del siglo xx, así como las controversias generadas por estos trabajos. Posteriormente, se resumen las revisiones realizadas a los trabajos de Schulten, tanto en la interpretación de los textos de Apiano como de los materiales arqueológicos, que cuestionan el número de campamentos y fuertes, así como la ubicación de algunas instalaciones militares propuestas, mostrando algunos problemas que la investigación debe de resolver en el futuro. Finalmente, se exponen las actuaciones realizadas desde el Plan Arqueológico de Numancia para presentar al público el cerco romano de Escipión, que puso fin a la resistencia numantina, en el 133 a.C.
Os chamados castella do Sudoeste: arquitectura, cronología e funções
Authors: Fabião Carlos
Published: May 2010

De há longa data são conhecidos vários edifícios de feição turriforme e organização complexa no Sudoeste Peninsular. Embora alguns tenham sido objecto de investigação, a ausência de publicação extensa dos dados que forneceram, inibe uma correcta interpretação das suas funções e tem alimentado um longo debate inconclusivo. No estado actual dos conhecimentos, parece claro que estes edifícios são romanos, sem nenhuma ligação com o mundo indígena; não terão tido uma função militar, em sentido estrito, contrariamente ao que sucede com o Castelo da Lousa, Mourão, uma verdadeira fortaleza, bem distinta dos restantes conhecidos; resulta claro, hoje, que a suposta concentração deste tipo de arquitectura numa região concreta será mais aparente que real. Constituem um modelo de povoamento ensaiado pelos romanos no Sudoeste num lapso de tempo compreendido entre a Segunda metade do século I a. C. e os inícios do I d.C, provavelmente, antecedendo a estabilização do modelo rural clássico.
La moneda romana imperial y su circulación en Hispania
Authors: Ripollès Pere P.
Published: May 2010

En este artículo se expone una visión sobre el tipo de monedas que se utilizaron en Hispânia durante el período imperial (siglos I-VI d.C). Los nuevos datos deducidos de los contextos arqueológicos y de los tesoros ponen de manifiesto la pervivencia de la moneda en circulación más allá de los tradicionales períodos en los que se suelen agrupar en los estudios de circulación monetaria. Durante este período el flujo de moneda en Hispania procede todo del exterior y refleja las vicisitudes de la producción estatal romana, con algunas facies provinciales y urbanas propias.
Estatuas y retratos imperiales en Hispania romana
Authors: Arce Javier
Published: May 2010

Se estudia la difusión de los retratos y estatuas imperiales romanas en la P. Ibérica atendiendo principalmente a la evidencia epigráfica que da testimonio de su presencia en múltiples escenarios y contextos, desde la época de Augusto hasta Teodosio. Este método de análisis permite formarse una idea más clara de la presencia de la imagen imperial y las diversas formas que adoptó en colonias, municipios y villae, y de su frecuencia en los diversos siglos de la presencia romana en Hispania.
Mosaicos romanos y elites locales en el N. de África y en Hispania
Authors: López Monteagudo G.
Published: May 2010

A través de las escenas figuradas y de ciertos motivos simbólicos representados en algunos pavimentos romanos del Norte de África y de Hispania, especialmente de los siglos II y III, es posible entrever aspectos de la economía en esas zonas del Imperio Romano y su relación con las actividades políticas y comerciales de algunos estamentos de la sociedad, que vienen a confirmar los datos proporcionados por las fuentes literarias y epigráficas, así como por otros documentos arqueológicos. El estudio se centra en los mosaicos procedentes de dos importantes ciudades del África Proconsular, Hadrumetum y Althiburos, situadas en la costa y en el interior de la provincia, con referencias comparativas a algunas ciudades de la Bética.