bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction of COVID-19 Incidence and Nonpharmacologic Interventions: Analysis Using a US County–Level Policy Data Set
Authors: Ebrahim Senan , Ashworth Henry , Noah Cray , Kadambi Adesh , Toumi Asmae , Chhatwal Jagpreet
Published: December 2020

Background

Worldwide, nonpharmacologic interventions (NPIs) have been the main tool used to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes social distancing measures (closing businesses, closing schools, and quarantining symptomatic persons) and contact
tracing (tracking and following exposed individuals). While preliminary research across the globe has shown these policies to be effective, there is currently a lack of information on the effectiveness of NPIs in the United States.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to create a granular NPI data set at the county level and then analyze the relationship between NPI policies and changes in reported COVID-19 cases.

Methods

Using a standardized crowdsourcing methodology, we collected time-series data on 7 key NPIs for 1320 US counties.

Results

This open-source data set is the largest and most comprehensive collection of county NPI policy data and meets the need for higher-resolution COVID-19 policy data. Our analysis revealed a wide variation in county-level policies both within and among states (P<.001). We identified a correlation between workplace closures and lower growth rates of COVID-19 cases (P=.004). We found weak correlations between shelter-in-place enforcement and measures of Democratic local voter proportion (R=0.21) and elected leadership (R=0.22).

Conclusions

This study is the first large-scale NPI analysis at the county level demonstrating a correlation between NPIs and decreased rates of COVID-19. Future work using this data set will explore the relationship between county-level policies and COVID-19 transmission to optimize real-time policy formulation.
Self-Administered Behavioral Skills–Based At-Home Virtual Reality Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Garcia Laura M , Darnall Beth D , Krishnamurthy Parthasarathy , Mackey Ian G , Sackman Josh , Louis Robert G , Maddox Todd , Birckhead Brandon J
Published: December 2020

Background

Chronic pain is one of the most common and debilitating health conditions. Treatments for chronic low back pain typically focus on biomedical treatment approaches. While psychosocial treatments exist, multiple barriers prevent broad access. There is a significant unmet need for integrative, easily accessible, non-opioid solutions for chronic pain. Virtual reality (VR) is an immersive technology allowing innovation in the delivery of behavioral pain treatments. Behavioral skills-based VR is effective at facilitating pain management and reducing pain-related concerns. Continued research on these emerging approaches is needed.

Objective

In this randomized controlled trial, we seek to test the efficacy of a self-administered behavioral skills-based VR program as a nonpharmacological home-based pain management treatment for people with chronic low back pain (cLBP).

Methods

We will randomize 180 individuals with cLBP to 1 of 2 VR programs: (1) EaseVRx (8-week skills-based VR program); or (2) Sham VR (control condition). All participants will receive a VR headset to minimize any biases related to the technology’s novelty. The Sham VR group had 2D neutral content in a 3D theater-like environment. Our primary outcome is average pain intensity and pain-related interference with activity, stress, mood, and sleep. Our secondary outcomes include patient-reported physical function, sleep disturbance, pain self-efficacy, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, health utilization, medication use, and user satisfaction. We hypothesize superiority for the skills-based VR program in all of these measures compared to the control condition. Team statisticians blinded to treatment assignment will assess outcomes up to 6 months posttreatment using an approach suitable for the longitudinal nature of the data.

Results

The study was approved by the Western Institutional Review Board on July 2, 2020. The protocol (NCT04415177) was registered on May 27, 2020. Recruitment for this study was completed in July 2020, and data collection will remain active until March 2021. In total, 186 participants were recruited. Multiple manuscripts will be generated from this study. The primary manuscript will be submitted for publication in the winter of 2020.

Conclusions

Effectively delivering behavioral treatments in VR could overcome barriers to care and provide scalable solutions to chronic pain’s societal burden. Our study could help shape future research and development of these innovative approaches.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04415177; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04415177

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR1-10.2196/25291
Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: confine to existential drugs or search for new ones? (Preprint)
Authors: Hatip-Al-Khatib Izzettin , Bolukbasi Hatip Funda
Published: December 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Background
The recent COVID-19 outbreak (pandemic) has inflicted great human lives and economic losses. Aside from being abated, new surges in cases are being recorded. The sudden emergence and fulmination of the disease and its rapid spread caught the health authorities worldwide, including the developed ones, off guard, with no novel drugs available. Therefore there was no choice other than using the old drugs.
Objectives
This study aims to reveal the possible mechanism of action, adverse drug reactions and beneficial combination of drugs used in COVID-19 treatment
Methods
We undertook a comprehensive living structural review of COVID-19, searching databases, and other sources to identify literature on drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19. We analyzed the sources, publication date, type, and the topic of the retrieved articles/studies in the available search machines.
Results
Although a great number of literature on COVID-19 deals with pathology, clinic, and epidemiological issues, few studies that tackle pharmacology and toxicology of the drugs used could be found in the literature. At least twenty six (26) drugs, alone or in various combinations, are found in the literature to be used in various countries in the world. These drugs had been used previously for other purposes but they also possess activities that could target various steps involved in the virus invasion-replication-multiplication and leaving the cell. Pharmacokinetic fundamentals had also been applied in some combination (decrease Lopnavir’s metabolism by ritonavir), but some drugs that were initially extensively used at high doses without benefiting from some of their properties are recently being abandoned (hydroxychloroquine, ionophore for Zn2+).
Conclusion
The literature concerning drugs used in the treatment of COVID-19 lag far behind the great number of literature that discusses disease’s pathogenicity, clinical picture, and epidemiology. The World indeed had been caught unprepared for COVID-19, hence obliged to use old drugs.
Artificial Intelligence–Based Prediction of Lung Cancer Risk Using Nonimaging Electronic Medical Records: Deep Learning Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Hsuan-Chia , Wang Yu-Hsiang , Yang Hsuan-Chia , Bai Kuan-Jen , Wang Hsiao-Han , Li Yu-Chuan (Jack)
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence approaches can integrate complex features and can be used to predict a patient’s risk of developing lung cancer, thereby decreasing the need for unnecessary and expensive diagnostic interventions.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to use electronic medical records to prescreen patients who are at risk of developing lung cancer.

METHODS

We randomly selected 2 million participants from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database who received care between 1999 and 2013. We built a predictive lung cancer screening model with neural networks that were trained and validated using pre-2012 data, and we tested the model prospectively on post-2012 data. An age- and gender-matched subgroup that was 10 times larger than the original lung cancer group was used to assess the predictive power of the electronic medical record. Discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) and calibration analyses were performed.

RESULTS

The analysis included 11,617 patients with lung cancer and 1,423,154 control patients. The model achieved AUCs of 0.90 for the overall population and 0.87 in patients ≥55 years of age. The AUC in the matched subgroup was 0.82. The positive predictive value was highest (14.3%) among people aged ≥55 years with a pre-existing history of lung disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Our model achieved excellent performance in predicting lung cancer within 1 year and has potential to be deployed for digital patient screening. Convolution neural networks facilitate the effective use of EMRs to identify individuals at high risk for developing lung cancer.
Terminology for Children in Sumerian Administrative Records
Authors: Bartash Vitali
Published: December 2020

Region:    Southern Mesopotamia = Sumer.Period:     Ca. 3200-2000 BC, i.e. Early Bronze Age.Sources:    Administrative cuneiform texts from temple and palace archives.Subject:    Children of low-rank social status in temple and palace households. Aims:   1) Systematize the terminology for children and offer an overview of its development.2) Identify what biological social characteristics of children are hiding behind these terms.3) Recognize the characteristic features in the terminology for children. Methods: Philological, historical, sociological (sex-age groups/classes). Key facts:   1) Children as dependents in central households appear in cuneiform records as early as the Uruk IV Period (ca. 3350-3250 BC).2) The documents enable to reconstruct several sets of terms to describe human resources in temple and palace households. A substantial part of these terms describe two main biological characteristics of children: their sex and age group.3) Originally, during the earliest periods, the terminology for humans and children in particular bore a strong resemblance with the terms for animals, which implies that the former is an offshoot of the latter.Main point: Other age groups, adults and elderly, received specific terms that were reserved exclusively to designate these age groups. The striking fact conclusion about the child terminology is that it obstinately remained dependent on the terminology for animal youth.The comparison of the bureaucratic terms for children with the lexical evidence (“ancient dictionaries”) demonstrates that the rich selection of terms within the field “children/childhood” that existed in the Sumerian society did not find reception in the administrative practice.
«All Aram» and «Upper and Lower Aram»: what the Sefire Inscription suggests us about the Aramaean ethnicity
Authors: Venanzi Alessia
Published: December 2020

The Aramaeans are always presented as an “undifferentiated group present from the Lower Khabur to the Mount Lebanon” (Sader 1992), without any ethnic affiliation. The construction of their identity may be given by two opposite viewpoints: their own perspective (internal view) and that perceived by other populations (external view). We will show this through the notion of “all Aram” in the Sefire inscription, and by looking at some passages from Assyrian records and the Bible. The first document is the longest Aramaic inscription (about 200 lines) found 25 km from Aleppo in 1930 and dated to the 8th century. It is a treaty stipulated between the unknown king of KTK, Bargaʼ yah and the king of Arpad Matiʻel. The other inscriptions concern, in particular, the records of Shalmaneser III and Tiglath-pileser III who occupied the Aramaean territories in the 9th-8th centuries, and some letters from Nippur.
The never-ending Quest for the Elites:New Approaches to the Study of Cemeteries and Social Organization
Authors: Durgun Pınar
Published: December 2020

The Early Bronze Age (EBA) in Anatolia (3100/3000-2000 BCE.)[1] is considered a period of great transition when urban societies developed and when extramural cemeteries started to emerge. Western Anatolian sites like Troy and Külloba have yielded monumental walls, or architecturally distinct quarters. However none of these sites have yielded extramural cemeteries. Extramural cemeteries of the EBA are only associated with small-scale sites such as Karataş (southwest Anatolia) and Demircihöyük (northwest Anatolia) which have been referred to as “chiefdoms”. Labeling these non-urban sites as chiefdoms inevitably led to the quest of finding the chief in these cemeteries. As a result, certain burial types, and burials with grave goods of higher quantity and better quality have been used as evidence for wealth and status, hence the presence of ruling elites. In this paper I suggest different ways of making use of the archaeological data from cemeteries to understand the social organization without falling into the same social evolutionary pitfalls.[1] In this presentation when I refer to Anatolia, I will be referring to the central and western parts of the peninsula, not to eastern Anatolia which in the Early Bronze Age is culturally and economically closer to Northern Mesopotamia.
Towards a Definition of the Sumerian Sergida
Authors: Glenn Anna
Published: December 2020

The topic of my talk is a group of 11 Sumerian hymns dating to the Old Babylonian Period (ca. 2000–1600 BCE) and preserved on tablets either of unknown provenance or found at the site of Nippur.The hymns are labeled as širgidas (literally something like „long song“) by means of subscripts, which read „It is a širgida of (the god/goddess) ....“ Širgida is just one of numerous such subscripts, which, in general, designate different classes of hymns that were sung or performed in various contexts.The 11 currently known širgidas include: four hymns addressed to the warrior god Ninurta, son of the great god Enlil, two to the god Nuska, Enlil’s vizier, one each to the gods Martu, Nergal, and the more obscure god Lulal, and one each to the goddess Sud, who is identified with Ninlil, wife of Enlil, and the healing goddess Ninisina.The primary aim of the talk will be to explore the nature of the Sergidas as a corpus, which, on the surface, comprises a quite disparate group of compositions, with the ultimate goal of moving towards understanding the function of the Sergida hymn in Old Babylonian society. In the first part of the talk, I will argue for the merits of approaching the Sergida hymns as a corpus and will discuss the potential value in more closely examining them and other hymnic groups defined by subscripts. In the second part, I will present an overview of the Sergida corpus and will briefly describe the content of the eleven known compositions belonging to it. Thirdly, I will address the disparity of the texts and discuss the difficulties one faces in attempting to identify common threads among them. Finally, I will discuss points of similarity among the Sergida hymns and will suggest possible ways in which they might have been understood in antiquity in to represent a single hymnic type.
Detecting word endings in an unknown script
Authors: Mäder Michael
Published: December 2020

Date: Around 2200 BC.Location:  Western, southern and eastern Iran.Type: Syllabic Script.Text Corpus: 22 (known a long time), plus 15 (known since 2015).Sign Corpus: 110 sign type, 1340 sign tokens.Status: Principally undeciphered, except the sound values for in, šu, uš, ši, na, and k, drawn from the divine name Inšušinak found in the only bilingual inscription. Several further sound values were proposed. In our paper, some of them are being corroborated, and a new one is presented.Language behind the signs: Based on graphotactical patterns found in the texts, this paper claims that it must be Elamite or a language closely related to it.
Akkadian in context
Authors: Manasterska Sara
Published: December 2020

Contextual approaches to utterances (or other forms of texts) have been developed by scholars working within the pragmatic paradigm in linguistics. Defining and analysing different levels of context can be also of great use to an assyriologist, and it is my intention in this presentation to show how. Now that one has multiple editions of texts at our disposal, one can focus not only on a single type of context, such as historical, political or religious, but approach a text (or a group of texts) from various angles, combining information provided by the different levels of context
Women in Neo-Assyrian Palaces: The case of the ekal mašarti in Nimrud/Kalḫu
Authors: Schmalenberger Eva
Published: December 2020

Ø  Basic Facts on Nimrud:Left Bank of the Tigris, North of the Greater Zabcapital of the Neo-Assyrian empire since 878 B.C. under King Aššurnaṣirpal (883 - 859 B.C.)The city wall encloses an area of 380 haThe main architectural features are located on the northern and the south-eastern acropolis, including various palaces and temple buildingsØ  The ekal mašarti:Built under King Šalmaneser III. (858 - 824 B.C.)completed 844 B.C.on the south-eastern acropolismainly used for military purposes (Areas NW, NE, SW and SE)Representation rooms (Area T) and private quarters (Area S) in the southØ  Women in the ekal mašarti:Clear archaeological evidence for the presence of women in the palace; Finds: Amulets (Bes, Lamaštu, Pazuzu), skorpion, fibulaeImportant rooms in area S: throne room of the queen (S 5) and bureau (S 10) of the šakintu (female high-official)Reception rooms and working areas on the ground floorLiving quarters on the upper floorNot all women belonging to the household of the queen, also lived in the (same) palace
The ethnical history of Kizzuwatna: an onomastic approach
Authors: Shelestin Vladimir
Published: December 2020

The mixed nature of Kizzuwatna’s population is widely accepted by the scholars, considering the Hurrians and the Luwians its main components. Which of these peoples came to the Cilician plain earlier than another one, is the subject of the discussion between archaeologists and linguists. In the course of this discussion, the onomastic and toponymical data were underestimated and became the subject of my investigation.The onomastic data collected from the historical and ritual texts coming from Kizzuwatna, seals and sealings discovered or bought at the Cilician plain give us a collection of proper names dating to Middle Hittite, New Hittite and Late New Hittite periods. Their distribution by language and period gives us the picture of the Hurrian domination in the Middle Hittite period. By the Late New Hittite period the Luwian names became prevailing. This trend supports the scenario of the Hurrian earlier arrival. Both Hittite and Luwian presence in the Middle Hittite period should reflect the traces of the first conquest of Kizzuwatna by the Old Hittite kingdom, and the Luwian influence increased after the second conquest of Kizzuwatna by the New Hittite kingdom. The geographical distribution between Luwian West and Hurrian East should be further investigated on the ground of the place names of the Cilician plain through ages.
Evolution of a social dynamic in a changing landscape: the case of Argos (Argolis, Greece) in the Mycenaean period
Authors: Baeriswyl Philippe
Published: December 2020

Argos in the Mycenaean period consists of a real enigma. Compared to its neighbours, amongst others Mycenae, Tiryns and Midea, Argos, after being a flourishing center in the Middle Helladic period, lost of it’s importance until the End of the Mycenaean palatial period, while maintaining a continuous occupation. During the transitional phase (MH III/LH I), and despite the fact that some parts of the argiv settlement continues to grow, as shown in particular by the work undertaken on the fortified acropolis of the Aspis, Argos, will experience a gradual decline as shown in particular through the abandonment of certain residential areas and the relocation of some population groups within and probably beyond its borders. According to one possible scenario, a group of people moved, at the very beginning of MH III, from Argos to Mycenae participating in the spectacular rise of Mycenae from the late MH period and onwards.Through this communication, we will first try to demonstrate, based on the archaeological reality, the status of Argos from the transitional phase (MH III/LH I) and during the LH period within the organization of the Argolis. In a second step, we will try to define the causes that influenced the evolution of this status. We will demonstrate how a series of natural disasters and in particular the eruption of Thera may have influenced the political, economic and social geography of the Argolis to the detriment of Argos. Based on the archaeological discoveries and the Adaptive Cycle (AC) model, we will show how some sites or parts of the Argolis functioned according to a positive/negative system throughout the protohistoric periods.
Response of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to different shade levels in sandy soil
Authors: Padang Irwan Suluk , Tohari Tohari , Widada Jaka
Published: December 2020

The study aimed to determine the response of upland rice under different shade levels. The experiment was conducted in Srigading village, Sanden District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta from July 2016 to March 2017. The experimental design applied was the split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was the shade level consists of three levels i.e. 0%, 25% and 50%. The sub plot was the upland rice cultivar consists of three levels i.e.  ‘Inpago 8’, ‘Situ Patenggang’, and ‘Batutegi’. The results showed that some variables observed changes due to shade that are make increased the plant height and leaf area. The maximum number of tillers and the number of productive tillers in the 50% shade treatment decreased, as well as the total plant dry weight and the productivity. Other observation such as root/shoot ratio, panicle length, percentage of filled grain per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle and 1000-grains weight upland rice showed no significant difference.
Effect of reducing rates of NPK, ZA, and KCl fertilizers on the growth and yield of shallot in multiple cropping system in Bantul
Authors: Karsidi Karsidi , Sulistyaningsih Endang , Indradewa Didik , Kurniasih Budiastuti
Published: December 2020

The intensive application of synthetic/inorganic fertilizer on shallot cultivation tends to contaminate the environment and reduce soil quality. Meanwhile, the decrease of farmland area has been a limiting factor in increasing shallot production. Shallot farmers in Bantul District, D. I. Yogyakarta, commonly combine organic and inorganic fertilizers. Therefore, an alternative technology to sustain the production of shallot is through the application of fertilizer at the right rates and  the practice of multiple cropping system. The objective of this research was to determine the growth and yield of shallot as affected by the reduced rates of inorganic fertilizer in multiple cropping systems. This research was conducted from August to November 2016 in Srigading Village, Sanden Sub-District, Bantul District, D. I. Yogyakarta. The research was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot was cropping system consisting of monoculture system (shallot) and multiple cropping system (shallot – chili). The subplot was fertilizer rates consisting of 100 % as control, 50 %, and 25 %. The results of this research showed that multiple cropping system did not decrease the growth and yield of shallot. Likewise, reducing inorganic fertilizer rates to 50% of control did not decrease shallot yield. However,  the inorganic fertilizer rate of 25% significantly decreased shallot yield to 12.15 %.
An Evaluation of Mastering English Series within the CBA Classroom in Cameroonian Secondary Schools
Authors: Ntongieh espe Njwe Amah Eyovi , Anthony Yuh Diangha
Published: December 2020

Textbooks provide an indispensable framework on which teachers and students build upon. Evaluation on its part, is a dynamic process which investigates the suitability and appropriateness of an existing practice. It is a useful device for both teachers and material writers as an underlying element in the development of innovations and modifications within the teaching/learning context. Therefore, it is obvious that textbook evaluation constitutes a crucial factor in addressing cumulative deficiencies associated with our teaching/learning institution in general and in our English Language Teaching endeavours. It has been observed that Mastering English series pose several problems to both teachers and learners of English language in Cameroon. This article sets out to investigate the Mastering English series with a focus on the students’ book 5 to find out the extent to which the book aligns with the stipulations of the CBA in Cameroon. The analysis in this study was predicated on the hypothesis that Mastering English book 5 needs great improvement to really meet both the needs of learners and the requirement of the CBA. Both the theoretical and empirical findings reveal general misgivings about Mastering English book 5 and the implementation of the CBA in the context of Cameroon.
América Latina: Hacia un periodo de débil crecimiento y COVID-19
Authors: Vidal Bonifaz Gregorio
Published: December 2020

El artículo revisa la caída en la actividad económica en medio de un largo periodo de débil crecimiento económico. La región retorno desde hace algunos años al desempeño que tuvo en los ochenta y noventa del siglo pasado. ¿Cuál es el contexto en que se produce ese comportamiento? Es una pregunta relevante que organiza el análisis. Se analizan las transformaciones estructurales en las tres a cuatro décadas previas, en particular en los mercados financieros, su relación con las crisis y el lugar en que se ubica o es colocada la región. Se presenta el problema de algunas formas de relación de los países de la región con la economía mundial. Las vulnerabilidades que implica esa relación e incluso la exclusión en las modificaciones que avanzan en la economía mundial en tanto se fortalecen ciertos procesos de regionalización en medio de crecientes disputas sobre las relaciones de fuerza entre algunos países y sus respectivos grupos de grandes empresarios, grandes financieros o rentistas.

 

 
SARS-CoV-2: desde sus aspectos genómicos y estructurales hasta su tratamiento
Authors: Mendiola Pastrana Indira Rocío , López Ortiz Eduardo , González James , Hernández Torres Isaías , Fragoso Mendoza Marlene , Velázquez Flores Wendy , Rojano Lastra Enrique , López Ortiz Geovani
Published: December 2020

La pandemia ocasionada por el sars-CoV-2 ha sido el mayor desafío en salud al que se ha enfrentado la humanidad en la época actual. Los esfuerzos realizados por la comunidad científica a escala global para entender su comportamiento a nivel molecular y buscar diferentes opciones terapéuticas han sido trascendentales si se toma en cuenta el tiempo de su aparición. El objetivo del presente escrito es dar a conocer un panorama general de los aspectos genómicos y estructurales del sars-CoV-2, su comportamiento epidemiológico en México, cuadro clínico, diagnóstico y tratamiento; todos estos elementos son cruciales en el entendimiento, abordaje y contención de la covid-19.
COVID-19 no sospechado: reporte de caso
Authors: Fernández Pérez Gabriel , De la Sierra Matilla Leandro , Merino Arranz Cristina
Published: December 2020

Paciente femenina de 67 años, que acude al hospital porque una semana anterior a la consulta hubo un incendio en su casa, reporta cefalea intensa y disnea, desde entonces la paciente refiere “sabor a hollín” y tos con expectoración y disnea. Se solicitaron rayos X y se observó un aumento de densidad mal definida en base izquierda con distribución periférica y otras más lineales, que se interpretaron como sospechosas de infección por sars-CoV-2, dado el estado de pandemia actual. Debido a que se muestra ausencia epidemiológica, pero existen datos bioquímicos que no descartan la posibilidad de infección vírica por sars-CoV-2, se decidió realizar tomografía computarizada torácica de alta resolución. Posterior a ello se tomaron muestras para rt-pcr sars-CoV-2, el resultado fue positivo.
Importancia de la radiografía de tórax en la infección por SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Perdigón Castañeda Gerardo Martín , Mazón Ramírez Juan José , De Anda Díaz Belén , García Cedillo Daniel Eduardo
Published: December 2020

La placa de tórax en imágenes pulmonares constituye la primera aproximación en los estudios de imagen para caracterizar datos clínicos de procesos pulmonares y como seguimiento en la sala de urgencias y terapia intensiva; frente a los retos ocasionados por la pandemia de covid-19 se convierte en un estudio valioso, rápido, fácil de tomar, accesible en todas las salas de urgencias y de primer contacto.
The Analysis of Influence of The Government Expenditure on Poverty in Indonesia
Authors: Miar Miar , Yunani Ahmad
Published: December 2020

One of the roles of the government in efforts to reduce poverty is through an allocative role in developing effective budget allocation policies that can stimulate economic growth with the ultimate goal of suppressing and reducing poverty. Government expenditure is one of the fundamental government policy tools in efforts to reduce poverty. This research focuses on the effect of government expenditure on poverty in Indonesia. The data used in this study are secondary data including data on the realization of provincial government expenditure in Indonesia, the realization of economic growth that is substituted into the GRDP at the basis of Constant Prices in the provincial government in Indonesia and poverty in proxies in the form of the number of poor people obtained from BPS period in 2014-2018. The data analysis technique which is used in this study is the path analysis technique. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that in this study government expenditure variables have a significant direct effect on poverty in Indonesia. In addition to direct influence, the results of this study also show that government expenditure variables are indirectly able to influence changes in poverty reduction in Indonesia through economic growth variables
Reverberações da memória em Que importa a fúria do mar, de Ana Margarida de Carvalho
Authors: Piovam Carolina
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a questão da memória na obra Que importa a fúria do mar (2013), por meio do diálogo entre o velho e o novo marcado pelas personagens centrais do romance, a fim de pensar a respeito da memória individual, coletiva e histórica à luz de Maurice Halbwachs (2006). Por meio das questões acerca das reminiscências do passado retomadas pelo presente, também objetiva-se pensar, conforme as ideias de Isabel Cristina Rodrigues (2014), os traços entre um passado de tradição literária no tempo presente da literatura contemporânea, como também sobre o enfoque na temporalidade trazida por João Barrento (2016), na escrita feminina na obra referida da escritora Ana Margarida de Carvalho.
João Melo e a poética da violência: breve análise da obra Autorretrato
Authors: Rendelli Debora Ribeiro , Laks Daniel Marinho
Published: December 2020

Reconhecido contemporaneamente pela crítica especializada como marco da poesia angolana pós-independência, e ainda pouco lido no Brasil, o poeta João da Silva Melo, nascido em 1955, em Luanda, Angola, entra para a litera­tura canônica de seu tempo com uma obra que, aparentemente alienada do Realismo, irá se mostrar via de denúncia social por meio de uma sofisticada estética. A ideia central deste artigo é propor uma focalização mais atenta, entre os vários temas suscitados pelo poeta, para a importância da violência como tópico da representação do cotidiano angolano em sua condição de país periférico. Contribuem para a reflexão críticos como Seligmann-Silva (1999), especialmente na compreensão do testemunho e da ironia vistos em Autorretrato (2007). Neste diálogo, também se apresenta como relevante para o entendimento da obra de Melo e seu caráter de resistência a Dialética negativa, de Theodor Adorno (2018).
African Swine Fever spread across Asia, 2018---2019
Authors: Ward Michael , Mighell Ellen
Published: December 2020

African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious pathogen causing
disease in pigs, commonly characterised by acute haemorrhagic fever.
Prior to August 2018, African Swine Fever (ASF) had not been reported in
Asia, but has since spread throughout China, Mongolia, Korea, Vietnam,
Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Hong Kong, Indonesia,
Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. Using data collated from reports of
confirmed cases, we applied spatio-temporal analysis to describe ASFV
spread throughout Asia, from 1 August 2018 (reported start date) to 31
December 2019. Analysis revealed a propagating epidemic of ASFV
throughout Asia, with peaks corresponding to increased reports from
China, Vietnam and Laos. Two clusters of reported outbreaks were found.
During the epidemic, ASFV primarily spread from the North-East to the
South-East: a larger, secondary cluster in the North-East represented
earlier reports, whilst the smaller, primary cluster in the South-East
was characterised by later reports. Significant differences in
country-specific epidemics, morbidity, mortality and unit types were
discovered, likely attributable to differences in prevention,
surveillance and control measures. The initial number of outbreaks and
enterprise size are likely predictors of the speed of spread and the
effectiveness of ASFV stamping out procedures. Biosecurity methods, wild
boar populations and the transportation of pigs and movement of infected
fomites are discussed as likely risk factors for facilitating ASFV
spread across Asia.
Evaluation of maximun damping factor -Ing. EVALUATION OF MAXIMUM DAMPING FACTOR OF A STEEL FACESHEET -PVC FOAM CORE SANDWICH BEAM BY USING ANSYS
Authors: Giallamine Lino Angelo , Lino Ing , Giallamine Angelo
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to identify, through harmonic analysis, the damping factor of a sandwich beam for which is maximal the reduction of internal stress. The general idea is to promote the use of harmonic analyses at design time to fairly accurately estimate the dissipative capacity of the system. After introducing the theoretical notions of the laws that govern beam dynamics, we will discuss the results of a parametric analysis conducted through the FEA software ANSYS.
Interactions between aquatic vegetation, hydraulics and fine sediment
Authors: Biggs Hamish , Haddadchi Arman , Hicks Murray
Published: December 2020

Aquatic vegetation, hydraulics and sediment transport have complex
interactions that are not yet well understood. These interactions are
important for sediment conveyance, sediment sequestration, phasing of
sediment delivery from runoff events, and management of ecosystem health
in lowland streams. To address this knowledge gap detailed field
measurements of sediment transport through natural flexible aquatic
vegetation are required to supplement and validate laboratory results.
This paper contributes a field study of suspended sediment transport
through aquatic vegetation and includes mechanical removal of aquatic
vegetation with a weed cutting boat. It also provides methods to
quantify vegetation cover through remote sensing with Unmanned Aerial
Vehicles (UAVs) and estimate biomass from ground truth sampling.
Suspended sediment concentrations were highly dependent on aquatic
vegetation abundance, and the distance upstream that had been cleared of
aquatic vegetation. When the study reach was fully vegetated (i.e. cover
>80%), the maximum recorded SSC was 14.6
g/m (during a fresh with discharge of 2.47
m/s), during weed cutting operations SSC was 76.8
g/m at 0.84 m/s (weedcutting boat
0.5-1 km upstream from study reach), however following weed cutting
operations (4.6 km cleared upstream), SSC was 139.0
g/m at a discharge of 1.52 m/s.
The data indicates that fine sediment was being sequestered by aquatic
vegetation and likely remobilised after vegetation removal.
Investigation of suspended sediment spatial dynamics illustrated changes
in particle size distribution due to preferential settling of coarse
particles within aquatic vegetation. Hydraulic resistance in the study
reach (parameterized by Manning’s n) dropped by over 70% following
vegetation cutting. Prior to cutting hydraulic resistance was discharge
dependent, while post cutting hydraulic resistance was approximately
invariant of discharge. Aerial surveying captured interesting changes in
aquatic vegetation cover, where some very dense regions of aquatic
vegetation were naturally removed leaving behind unvegetated riverbed
and fine sediment.
Phytochemical analysis of volatiles and biological activities of Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. essential oils
Authors: Stamenkovic Jelena , Djordjevic Aleksandra , Stojanovic Gordana , Mitic Violeta , Petrovic Goran
Published: December 2020

The present study reports for the first time the chemical composition of the headspace volatiles (HS) and essential oils obtained from fresh Chaerophyllum bulbosum roots and aerial parts, as well as biological activities of the essential oils. Generally, monoterpene hydrocarbons were found to be the main class of all investigated samples, with (E)-?-ocimene being the most abundant component. The results of antibacterial assay showed that both investigated samples exhibit bactericidal activity against two tested Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis subs. spizizenii) while they were inactive against tested Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella abony). Regarding the antioxidant activity, it was found that the essential oils showed low antioxidant capacities in comparison with standard antioxidant compounds (such as butylated hydroxytoluene). The obtained results were expected given the fact that the main components in both samples were monoterpene hydrocarbons.
THE CHARACTERISATIONS OF PISCINE MOLITOR PATEL IN YAN MARTELL’S THE LIFE OF PI
Authors: Suwastini Ni Komang Arie , Asri Ni Wayan Desy Prema , Wahyuni Luh Gede Eka , Prastika Kadek Ayu Dewi
Published: December 2020

Literature like novels can contain many moral teachings, including how a human being develops into a better person because of certain events experienced during the plot development. The present study focuses on the character development of Piscine Molitor Patel in Yan Martell's The Life of Pi as he had to survive the Pacific Ocean for 227 days on a lifeboat with a hungry tiger. By employing close reading, it is revealed that Piscine Molitor Patel was revealed as a curious, smart, competitive, empathetic, obedient, loving, and humble character. These characterizations were revealed directly through the author's description and indirectly through thought, speech, and action. From these character revelations, it can be concluded that the development of Pi’s curious, smart, competitive, empathetic, obedient, loving, and humble character had help Pi survive the Pacific Ocean and continued living as a better person. By employing Freud’s psychoanalysis, Pi’s characterizations were then classified as reflections of his id, ego, and superego. The present study concludes that Pi’s characterizations reflect the development of the balance between his id, ego, and superego, which allowed him to survive the shipwreck and grow into a better person.
RACHEL CHU AS LIBERAL FEMINIST IN KEVIN KWAN’S CRAZY RICH ASIANS (2013)
Authors: Suwastini Ni Komang Arie , Banjar I Dewa Ayu Ogik Vira Juspita , Tienty Luh Putu Cornea Arya , Sasmita I Made David Garcia , Nitiasih Putu Kerti
Published: December 2020

This study aims to identify the characterization of Rachel Chu as a liberal feminist in Crazy Rich Asians, written by Kevin Kwan, published in 2013. By employing McKee's textual analysis with liberal feminism's perspective, the present study was designed in Miles' and Huberman's interactive model of qualitative data analysis. Through the repetitive and simultaneous process of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, the present study elaborates on the characterizations of Rachel Chu as an attractive, intelligent, and independent woman representing Rachel Chu as a liberal feminist. Thus, it is implied that although the novel may be fairy-tale-like in the sense that it is centered in a romantic love story with a glamorous setting of the affluent society in Singapore, the novel also inserts feminist traits that can inspire its reader to be intelligent and independent like Rachel Chu as the main character in this novel.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas socioambientales en estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, México
Authors: Gervacio Jiménez Herlinda , Castillo Elías Benjamín
Published: December 2020

Esta investigación analizó el nivel de educación ambiental que poseen estudiantes del nivel medio superior de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, se consideraron las variables sobre el conocimiento y formación ambiental, saber actuar ante los problemas socioambientales, prácticas de carácter ambiental, percepción sobre la complejidad de problemas socioambientales, grado de ambientalización en el currículo, actitudes y conductas proambientales desarrolladas durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar el conocimiento, la formación, las actitudes y conductas proambientales que tienen estudiantes de preparatoria, con base en la enseñanza-aprendizaje adquirido durante su estancia en el centro educativo de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. El método utilizado fue eminentemente cuantitativo, y las variables fueron analizadas a través de la escala de Likert el cual es un método de investigación de campo que permite medir la opinión sobre un tema a través de una encuesta que identifica el grado de acuerdo o desacuerdo de cada pregunta, empleando 5 categorías para esta investigación. Los resultados indicaron que sus conocimientos y prácticas sobre temáticas ambientales van de “escasos” a “regular”; habitualmente saben actuar ante las problemáticas socioambientales que los rodea; se observó que poseen escasa percepción sobre la complejidad de los actuales problemas ambientales, el estudio demostró, que los estudiantes tienen escaza conciencia para actuar, cuidar y proteger su entorno socioambiental, con un bajo interés para resolver las problemáticas ambientales a nivel local, lo que se refleja en los resultados de la variable ambientalización en el currículo, que va de “escaso” a “regular”. Se concluyó que la percepción de los estudiantes no impacta en acciones positivas a favor del ambiente y que estas acciones beneficien a los centros educativos y a su comunidad. Los datos de este estudio coinciden con otras  investigaciones similares a ésta, donde se ha llegado a la misma conclusión,  el conocimiento y la conciencia no han sido suficientes para desarrollar actitudes proambientales, es necesario poner y llevar a la práctica acciones responsables, con una adecuada metodología para proponer actividades que ayuden a la resolución de los problemas ambientales vigentes y que estas acciones se vean reflejadas en beneficio del entorno en el que los estudiantes se  desenvuelven.
URBAN PUBLIC TRANSPORT POLICY IN THE CONDITIONS OF COVID-19
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Popovych Pavlo , Poberezhny Lubomyr ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Shevchuk Oksana ,   West Ukrainian National University, Vikovych Ihor ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Skyba Olena ,   Ternopil Ivan Pul’uj National Technical University, Poberezhna Lubov ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Yasrebov Taras ,   Bogomolets National Medical University
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the research is formation of passenger transport policy by public transport from the standpoint of determining the level of safety in COVID-19 and passenger comfort with the development of basics for measuring the perception of the most important factors of public transport convenience, minimum discomfort and maximum safety. Methodology. The study was conducted in two stages - inhouse and experimental - the collection and processing of data obtained from the survey of passenger flows. Continuous field research by the tabular method which in comparison with the existing ones is the most time-consuming, but the only one that can provide maximum accuracy of passenger information for further processing of the obtained statistical data of the studied system of public transport. The information obtained by organoleptic means was entered for further processing in the special accounting map, then calculations were performed for traffic areas between the stopping points of each studied route. Findings. The results of field research using the model of discomfort allow us to correctly predict the choice of mode of transport and the behaviour of passengers when using public transport in medium-sized cities. It is proved that the artificial underloading of the vehicle to avoid tight contact of passengers does not affect the level of infection with the virus of COVID-19 and, therefore, this restriction is not appropriate. Conclusions. Formation of the strategy of passengers' transportation in the conditions of COVID-19 is possible only with the use of the characteristic indicators of the transportation of people established by the multi-criteria analysis of a transport network - the level of discomfort, vehicle filling factor, the average time of transportation, the average distance of transportation. It is obligatory to use such means of protection as masks and gloves, provide the enhanced ventilation of the salon, and organize passengers' boarding through the back door with 100 % contactless fare payment.
CHOP-treated Mammary Non-hodgkin's Malignant Lymphoma in a Female Patient with HIV + On Retroviral Treatment - Case Report
Authors: Bakraoui K. El , Ghissassi I. El , Boutayeb S. , Mrabet H. , Errihani H.
Published: December 2020

HIV infection greatly increases the risk of developing lymphoma. NHL is present in approximately 3% of the HIV-positive population at the time of their HIV diagnosis. Twenty percent of HIV-positive patients develop NHL. Risk factors for an association of the NHL with HIV include: low CD4 T cell count, high viral load, age, and male.

We report the case of a 35-year-old mother of three children having a history of the death of the husband following the neurological complications of AIDS, the patient was subsequently diagnosed with HIV + and then placed on retroviral treatment. After 6 months the patient reported a breast swelling with pelvic pain, a breast biopsy performed showing a large B-cell NHL.

The extension assessment reveals localizations: mammary, bilateral ovarian and adrenal right of a lymphomatous process, the BOM is normal and the CD4 rate is 517 / mm3. CHOP-type systemic chemotherapy with intrathecal chemotherapy has been initiated. The post-treatment evaluation was in favor of a complete clinical and radiological response.

The prognosis of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma is associated with the stage of the disease, extraganglionic involvement including bone marrow, CD4 cell count, and performance status. Median survival varies from 8 to 20 months, which remains much lower than that of non-HIV-associated lymphomas.
Francisco Gutiérrez Carbajo, Tradición e innovación en el teatro español actual
Authors: Balcells Doménech José María
Published: December 2020

Reseña de Francisco Gutiérrez Carbajo, Tradición e innovación en el teatro español actual, Prólogo de César Oliva, Madrid, Esperpento Ediciones Teatrales, 2018, 297 pp.