bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who will excel in advanced endoscopy? A study assessing the criteria and perceptions of experts with regard to selection of ERCP and EUS trainees
Authors: Campos Sara , Devière Jacques , Arvanitakis Marianna
Published: March 2023

Background and study aims Training program directors (TPDs) and experts play a crucial role in selecting ERCP/EUS trainees and determining the workforce in endoscopy. Additionally, prospective trainees should know what TPDs/experts expect from them. Nonetheless, the criteria and perceptions used in this selection have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to identify TPD/expert values/beliefs regarding personal attributes needed for selecting trainees that can excel and those which may lead to disqualification; compare perspectives between TPDs/experts and trainees regarding the selection process and critical trainee characteristics; and investigate the general approach and satisfaction regarding current application process for ERCP/EUS training.

Methods We conducted a web-based survey to collect general opinion and data regarding the application process and trainee selection and disqualification from training. European TPDs/experts and trainees were invited to participate.

Results Thirty-six TPDs/experts and 25 trainees from 18 countries responded. The application process is mainly driven by individual request (86.1 %). Almost half of TPDs/experts felt only moderately (38.9 %) to slightly (8.3 %) satisfied with the current application process. TPDs/experts value a diversity of trainee characteristics, but mainly traits such as “honesty,” “being a team player,” and “self-awareness” (72.2 % each). Technical skills ranked seventh as considered “extremely important.” “Disregard for patient welfare” and “lack of work ethic” were the most common reasons for disqualification. TPDs/experts and trainees agreed in most questions.

Conclusions This survey outlines trainee selection criteria for ERCP/EUS training. Non-technical skills are the most valued by TPDs/experts. While knowledge and technical expertise are clearly important, understanding that professional attitudes are highly regarded may help direct the application process more effectively.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Gröber Uwe
Published: March 2023

nach aktuellen Schätzungen der WHO sind 5–8% der
Weltbevölkerung von 80–100 verschiedenen Autoimmunerkrankungen (AID)
betroffen. In den zurückliegenden Jahren hat deren Inzidenz in einem
alarmierenden Ausmaß zugenommen, v. a. bei autoimmunbedingten Erkrankungen
wie Typ-1-Diabetes, Morbus Crohn, rheumatoider Arthritis, Sjörgen Syndrom
und Multiple Sklerose (MS).
Hydration of Arylacetylenes Promoted by the Photothermal ­Effect of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yanhua , Yuan Hongyan , Su Kaixuan , Ji Mengyuan , Xue Huimin , Chen Hongyu
Published: March 2023

With the help of the photothermal effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the hydration of the arylacetylenes to synthesize carbonyl compounds is successfully achieved. The reaction proceeds smoothly for various substrates and the ketone products are obtained in good isolated yields up to 91%. The successful gram-scale and sunlight-exposure experiments illustrate the potential application of this method in the future organic syntheses.
O número relativo de linfócitos é menor quando o agente etiológico da doença de Pott é isolado com sucesso
Authors: Zanon Igor de Barcellos , Meves Robert , Klautau Giselle Burlamaqui
Published: March 2023

Objetivo Descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas, laboratoriais e radiológicas da espondilodiscite tuberculosa na população brasileira e avaliar se há diferenças entre pacientes em que o agente etiológico da doença de Pott foi isolado ou não.

Métodos Os pacientes diagnosticados com tuberculose (TB) da coluna (doença de Pott) foram acompanhados em um hospital quaternário entre 2009 e 2019 e divididos em 2 grupos: isolamento positivo (IP) do agente etiológico (por baciloscopia, cultura ou teste rápido molecular positivo) e isolamento negativo (IN) do agente etiológico.

Resultados De um total de 26 pacientes com diagnóstico de TB da coluna, 21 (80,7%) eram do sexo masculino, e a média de idade era de 40 ± 22,5 anos. As contagens médias de linfócitos foram maiores no grupo IN (25,35 ± 13,08; p = 0,025) do que no grupo IP (14,18 ± 7,48). Além disso, a relação monócito/linfócito foi menor no grupo IN (0,39 ± 0,22; p = 0,009) do que no grupo IP (0,89 ± 0,65). O número relativo de linfócitos maior ou igual a 16,7 teve sensibilidade de 76,9% e especificidade de 62,5% no grupo IN. A razão monócito/linfócito maior ou igual a 0,58 teve sensibilidade de 84,6% e especificidade de 75,0% no grupo IN.

Conclusão Não observamos diferenças em relação às características clínico-epidemiológicas e radiológicas entre os dois grupos experimentais. No entanto, o grupo IN apresentou maior número de linfócitos e menor razão monócito/linfócito.
Qualidade de vida e satisfação de pacientes com idade superior ou inferior a 65 anos submetidos a artroplastia total de joelho
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Silveira Rabello de , Costa Lauro Augusto Veloso , Asfora Brenand Medeiros , Loureiro Paulo Henrique , Ferretti Mário , Lenza Mário
Published: March 2023

Objetivo Comparar a qualidade de vida e satisfação 2 anos após a artroplastia total de joelho em indivíduos com idade ≥ e < 65 anos e identificar fatores preditivos de pior evolução clínica e baixo nível de satisfação nestes pacientes.

Métodos Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva de dados de pacientes com diagnóstico de osteoartrite de joelho submetidos a artroplastia total primária de joelho entre 2014 e 2018 (n = 190). Os resultados clínicos foram avaliados de acordo com os seguintes escores: escala visual analógica (EVA) de dor, EQ-5D-3L e EUROQOL-VAS (escalas de qualidade de vida), nível de satisfação do paciente e escala funcional do Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS, na sigla em inglês). Estes dados foram coletados por meio de questionário aplicado no período pré-operatório e 1, 3, 12 e 24 meses após a cirurgia.

Resultados Os pacientes < 65 anos apresentaram valores significativamente menores (piora clínica) nas escalas KOOS-dor e KOOS-sintomas. Não houve diferenças nas principais pontuações clínicas de dor, função e qualidade de vida após o procedimento, nem no índice de satisfação com a cirurgia, entre pacientes < 65 anos em comparação com aqueles ≥ 65 anos. Observamos também que os pacientes não satisfeitos com o procedimento à avaliação de 24 meses apresentaram resultados clínicos em alguns escores analisados (KOOS-dor e EQ-VAS) semelhantes aos dos pacientes que se declararam satisfeitos.

Conclusão Os escores que avaliam dor, função, qualidade de vida e índice de satisfação são semelhantes entre os pacientes < 65 anos e aqueles ≥ 65 anos.
Simultaneously improve the Purcell factor and internal quantum efficiency of light-emitting diodes via surface plasmon by metal conic structure
Authors: Tian Zhenhuan , Zhang Mingyin , Wang Xuzheng , Li Qiang , Li Yufeng , Yun Feng , Ricky Lee S. W.
Published: March 2023

Recent advances in the development of surface plasmons (SPs) enhanced LED have provided a great opportunity to enhance either the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) or the spontaneous emission rate (SE) by employing specific metal structures. However, it is still challenging to simultaneously achieve high IQE and Purcell factor (Fp), which demonstrates the SE enhancement, without sacrificing the electrical performance of LEDs. Herein, we designed and investigated a conic metal structure applied to LEDs by comprehensively considering the electrical, optical, and data transmission performance of devices. Conic structures with various heights were implemented to investigate the variation trends of IQE and Fp with the structure design, accompanied by the planar structures as references. A more than five times increase in IQE and almost five times increase in Fp were demonstrated experimentally even with a coupling distance of 100 nm, by employing this conic structure. The theoretical analysis was verified by the experimental results and revealed the mechanism of high Fp and IQE toward high SP–photon coupling efficiency and initial IQE. This study provides a universal strategy to enhance the performance of luminous efficiency and modulation speed of LEDs without sacrificing electrical properties, making them viable for the integration of lighting, display, and communication.
Truncated generalized coherent states
Authors: Giraldi Filippo , Mainardi Francesco
Published: March 2023

A generalization of the canonical coherent states of a quantum harmonic oscillator has been performed by requiring the conditions of normalizability, continuity in the label, and resolution of the identity operator with a positive weight function. Relying on this approach, in the present scenario, coherent states are generalized over the canonical or finite dimensional Fock space of the harmonic oscillator. A class of generalized coherent states is determined such that the corresponding distributions of the number of excitations depart from the Poisson statistics according to combinations of stretched exponential decays, power laws, and logarithmic forms. The analysis of the Mandel parameter shows that the generalized coherent states exhibit (non-classical) sub-Poissonian or super-Poissonian statistics of the number of excitations, based on the realization of determined constraints. Mittag-Leffler and Wright generalized coherent states are analyzed as particular cases.
A frame based approach to computing symmetries with non-trivial isotropy groups
Authors: McNutt D. D. , Coley A. A. , van den Hoogen R. J.
Published: March 2023

A frame approach to determining the most general solution admitting a desired symmetry group has previously been examined in Riemannian and teleparallel geometries with some success. In teleparallel geometries, one must determine the general form of the frame and spin connection to generate a general solution admitting the desired symmetry group. Current approaches often rely on the use of the proper frame, where the spin connection is zero. However, this leads to particular theoretical and practical problems. In this paper, we introduce an entirely general approach to determining the most general Riemann–Cartan geometries that admit a given symmetry group and apply these results to teleparallel geometries. To illustrate the approach, we determine the most general geometries, with the minimal number of arbitrary functions, for particular choices of symmetry groups with dimension one, three, six, and seven. In addition, we rigorously show how the teleparallel analog of the Robertson–Walker, de Sitter, and Einstein static spacetimes can be determined.
Key technologies disclosure for the high-g shock tester based on collision principle and experimental study
Authors: Duan Zhengyong , Tang Dayong , Zeng Qihang , Peng Yingchun
Published: March 2023

The shock tester based on a three-body, single-level velocity amplifier is especially suitable for high-g shock tests of lightweight and compact pieces. This study focuses on disclosing some key technologies that affect whether the velocity amplifier could achieve a high-g level shock experimental environment. Equations describing the first collision are deduced and some key design criteria are proposed. The key conditions for formation of the opposite collision are proposed for the second collision, which is the most important point, to obtain a high-g shock environment. A test platform was constructed, and experiments were conducted with different shock rods, pulse shapers, and initial velocities. The test results fully demonstrated the powerful ability of the single-level velocity amplifier for high-g shock experiments and tell us that a duralumin alloy or carbon fiber is suitable to design shock rods.
The native and metastable defects and their joint density of states in hydrogenated amorphous silicon obtained from the improved dual beam photoconductivity method
Authors: Güneş Mehmet , Melskens Jimmy , Smets Arno H. M.
Published: March 2023

In this study, undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films deposited under moderate dilution ratios of silane by radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) have been investigated using steady-state photoconductivity and improved dual beam photoconductivity (DBP) methods to identify changes in multiple gap states in annealed and light-soaked states. Four different gap states were identified in annealed state named as A, B, C, and X states. The peak energy positions of these Gaussian distributions are consistent with those recently identified by Fourier transform photocurrent spectroscopy (FTPS). After in situ light soaking, their density increases with different rates as peak energy positions and half-widths remain unaffected. The electron-occupied A and B states located below the dark Fermi level and their density and ratios in the annealed and light-soaked states correlate well with those defects detected by time-domain pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments. The A, B, and X states located closer to the middle of the bandgap anneal out at room temperature in dark and define the “fast” states. However, the C states show no sign of room temperature annealing such that they must define the “slow” states in undoped a-Si:H. The results found in this study indicate that the anisotropic disordered network is a more appropriate model than previously proposed defect models based on the continuous random network to define the nanostructure of undoped a-Si:H, where multiple defects, D0 and non-D0 defects, can be identified by using the improved DBP method.
Dynamics of an excitation-transfer trimer: Interference, coherence, Berry’s phase development, and vibrational control of non-adiabaticity
Authors: Cina Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2023

We detail several interesting features in the dynamics of an equilaterally shaped electronic excitation-transfer (EET) trimer with distance-dependent intermonomer excitation-transfer couplings. In the absence of electronic-vibrational coupling, symmetric and antisymmetric superpositions of two single-monomer excitations are shown to exhibit purely constructive, oscillatory, and purely destructive interference in the EET to the third monomer, respectively. In the former case, the transfer is modulated by motion in the symmetrical framework-expansion vibration induced by the Franck–Condon excitation. Distortions in the shape of the triangular framework degrade that coherent EET while activating excitation transfer in the latter case of an antisymmetric initial state. In its symmetrical configuration, two of the three single-exciton states of the trimer are degenerate. This degeneracy is broken by the Jahn–Teller-active framework distortions. The calculations illustrate closed, approximately circular pseudo-rotational wave-packet dynamics on both the lower and the upper adiabatic potential energy surfaces of the degenerate manifold, which lead to the acquisition after one cycle of physically meaningful geometric (Berry) phases of π. Another manifestation of Berry-phase development is seen in the evolution of the vibrational probability density of a wave packet on the lower Jahn–Teller adiabatic potential comprising a superposition of clockwise and counterclockwise circular motions. The circular pseudo-rotation on the upper cone is shown to stabilize the adiabatic electronic state against non-adiabatic internal conversion via the conical intersection, a dynamical process analogous to Slonczewski resonance. Strategies for initiating and monitoring these various dynamical processes experimentally using pre-resonant impulsive Raman excitation, short-pulse absorption, and multi-dimensional wave-packet interferometry are outlined in brief.
Electric-field induced entropic effects in liquid water
Authors: Conti Nibali Valeria , Maiti Sthitadhi , Saija Franz , Heyden Matthias , Cassone Giuseppe
Published: March 2023

Externally applied electric fields in liquid water can induce a plethora of effects with wide implications in electrochemistry and hydrogen-based technologies. Although some effort has been made to elucidate the thermodynamics associated with the application of electric fields in aqueous systems, to the best of our knowledge, field-induced effects on the total and local entropy of bulk water have never been presented so far. Here, we report on classical TIP4P/2005 and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations measuring entropic contributions carried by diverse field intensities in liquid water at room temperature. We find that strong fields are capable of aligning large fractions of molecular dipoles. Nevertheless, the order-maker action of the field leads to quite modest entropy reductions in classical simulations. Albeit more significant variations are recorded during first-principles simulations, the associated entropy modifications are small compared to the entropy change involved in the freezing phenomenon, even at intense fields slightly beneath the molecular dissociation threshold. This finding further corroborates the idea that electrofreezing (i.e., the electric-field-induced crystallization) cannot take place in bulk water at room temperature. In addition, here, we propose a molecular-dynamics-based analysis (3D-2PT) that spatially resolves the local entropy and the number density of bulk water under an electric field, which enables us to map their field-induced changes in the environment of reference H2O molecules. By returning detailed spatial maps of the local order, the proposed approach is capable of establishing a link between entropic and structural modifications with atomistic resolution.
Theoretical investigation of the barocaloric effect in spin-crossover systems upon first- and second-order phase transition conversion
Authors: Ribeiro P. O. , Alho B. P. , Nobrega E. P. , de Sousa V. S. R. , Carvalho A. M. G. , von Ranke P. J.
Published: March 2023

We report a theoretical simulation of the barocaloric effect in spin crossover systems starting from a model Hamiltonian, which includes the crystalline electrical field, elastic, and phonon interactions. A systematic study, through the model parameters, allowed the construction of phase diagrams, and the contributions of configurational, magnetic, and phonon entropies for the barocaloric effect were investigated. The majority contribution comes from the phonons (about 76%, in our simulation), which were associated with the large cell volume change during the low-spin-(SL) ↔ high-spin-(HS) phase transition. Besides, the refrigerant capacity due to the barocaloric effect was discussed in the first- and second-order (LS) ↔ (HS) phase transition regimes. We find out that when hysteresis increases, with an increase in pressure, a higher barocaloric effect can be obtained.
Optical tuning and characterization of the anisotropic band structure of topological nodal ring systems
Authors: Fang Jun , Zhang Chao , Ma Zhongshui
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate that a topological nodal ring system driven by an off-resonant laser can be tuned between the semimetal phase and the insulator phases, including Weyl semimetal, semi-Dirac semimetal, and normal insulator phases. The controlling parameters are the disorder induced energy shift and the driving laser frequency. We further show that there exists a close correlation between the low energy spectrum and the low frequency conductivity. From the frequency dependence of conductivity components, one can deduce the anisotropic energy dispersion along different directions. This result offers a convenient optical method to tune and characterize electronic properties of nodal ring systems.
Structural constraints link differences in neutralization potency of human anti-Eastern equine encephalitis virus monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Williamson Lauren E. , Bandyopadhyay Abhishek , Bailey Kevin , Sirohi Devika , Klose Thomas , Julander Justin G. , Kuhn Richard J. , Crowe James E.
Published: March 2023

Selection and development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics against pathogenic viruses depends on certain functional characteristics. Neutralization potency, or the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
50
) values, is an important characteristic of candidate therapeutic antibodies. Structural insights into the bases of neutralization potency differences between antiviral neutralizing mAbs are lacking. In this report, we present cryo-electron microscopy (EM) reconstructions of three anti-Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) neutralizing human mAbs targeting overlapping epitopes on the E2 protein, with greater than 20-fold differences in their respective IC
50
values. From our structural and biophysical analyses, we identify several constraints that contribute to the observed differences in the neutralization potencies. Cryo-EM reconstructions of EEEV in complex with these Fab fragments reveal structural constraints that dictate intravirion or intervirion cross-linking of glycoprotein spikes by their IgG counterparts as a mechanism of neutralization. Additionally, we describe critical features for the recognition of EEEV by these mAbs including the epitope–paratope interaction surface, occupancy, and kinetic differences in on-rate for binding to the E2 protein. Each constraint contributes to the extent of EEEV inhibition for blockade of virus entry, fusion, and/or egress. These findings provide structural and biophysical insights into the differences in mechanism and neutralization potencies of these antibodies, which help inform rational design principles for candidate vaccines and therapeutic antibodies for all icosahedral viruses.
Measuring mental wellbeing of children via human-robot interaction
Authors: Abbasi Nida Itrat , Spitale Micol , Jones Peter B. , Gunes Hatice
Published: March 2023

During the last decade, children have shown an increasing need for mental wellbeing interventions due to their anxiety and depression issues, which the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated. Socially Assistive Robotics have been shown to have a great potential to support children with mental wellbeing-related issues. However, understanding how robots can be used to aid the measurement of these issues is still an open challenge. This paper presents a narrative review of child-robot interaction (cHRI) papers (IEEE ROMAN proceedings from 2016–2021 and keyword-based article search using Google Scholar) to investigate the open challenges and potential knowledge gaps in the evaluation of mental wellbeing or the assessment of factors affecting mental wellbeing in children. We exploited the SPIDER framework to search for the key elements for the inclusion of relevant studies. Findings from this work (10 screened papers in total) investigate the challenges in cHRI studies about mental wellbeing by categorising the current research in terms of robot-related factors (robot autonomy and type of robot), protocol-related factors (experiment purpose, tasks, participants and user sensing) and data related factors (analysis and findings). The main contribution of this work is to highlight the potential opportunities for cHRI researchers to carry out measurements concerning children’s mental wellbeing.
Exploring space for robot mistakes in child robot interactions
Authors: Stower Rebecca , Abdelghani Rania , Tschopp Marisa , Evangelista Keegan , Chetouani Mohamed , Kappas Arvid
Published: March 2023

Understanding the impact of robot errors in child-robot-interactions (CRI) is critical, as current technological
systems are still limited and may randomly present a variety of mistakes during interactions with children. In this study we
manipulate a task-based error of a NAO robot during a semi-autonomous computational thinking task implemented with the Cozmo
robot. Data from 72 children aged 7–10 were analysed regarding their attitudes towards NAO (social trust, competency trust,
liking, and perceived agency), their behaviour towards the robot (self-disclosure, following recommendations), as well as their
task performance. We did not find quantitative effects of the robot’s error on children’s self-reported attitudes, behaviour, or
task performance. Age was also not significantly related to either social attitudes or behaviours towards NAO, although there were
some age-related differences in task performance. Potential reasons behind the lack of statistical effects and limitations of the
study with regards to the manipulation of robot errors are discussed and insights into the design of future CRI studies
provided.
Space-time exchanged symplectic integrator approach to temporal-mode selective optical three-wave mixing frequency conversion
Authors: Nomura Kenya , Sako Tokuei
Published: March 2023

A space-time exchanged symplectic integrator (SI) method is developed to solve the three-wave resonance interaction equations commonly used in describing a number of fundamental nonlinear optical phenomena, such as second harmonic generation, optical parametric amplification, etc. Exchanging the roles of the space and time coordinates allows us to solve these nonlinearly coupled equations with hard-wired boundary conditions using a highly accurate SI scheme instead of standard finite difference methods. The developed method is then applied to the optical three-wave mixing frequency conversion processes in which an input signal light is converted into an idler light guided by a strong pump pulse. The temporal-mode selectivity in the frequency conversion processes is examined by systematically varying system parameters and the results are summarized as contour maps of selectivity on the ‘group-slownesses’, defined by the inverse of the group velocities, of the signal pulse and of the idler pulse relative to that of the pump pulse. The areas showing the highest peaks on these

selectivity

 

maps

undergo significant and characteristic changes in their positions as well as the heights for different values of the coupling strength γ. The observed trends are rationalized on the basis of the Schmidt modes obtained by decomposing the two-time transfer function that fully characterizes the dynamics of the signal–idler wave conversion.
The interplay of

symmetry with the Rabi oscillation in the non-Hermitian double Jaynes–Cummings model
Authors: Tian Zekai , Man Zhong-Xiao , Zhu Baogang
Published: March 2023

We study the dynamical evolution and

symmetry breaking of the non-Hermitian double Jaynes–Cummings model with

symmetry. The results indicate that there exist symmetry maintained and breaking phase in this model, and the non-Hermitian terms lead to different behaviors in two phases. In the

symmetry phase, there exists stable Rabi oscillation caused by the interaction between photons and atoms. At the exceptional point, the system shows critical property that the probabilities in each state over time tend to be equal. The system will undergo a transition from the

symmetry phase to the

symmetry breaking phase, as increasing the coupling constant. In the

symmetry breaking phase, complex eigenvalues appear, and the probability in each state increases monotonically in an exponential form. This study can help us to understand the effect of symmetry on the interaction between photons and atoms in non-Hermitian systems.
In-plane elastic property prediction of straight-arc coupled auxetic structures
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Hao Huanan , Lu Xuhao , Tian Ruilan
Published: March 2023

Auxetic metamaterials with two components exhibit a wide variety of potential engineering applications due to their exotic mechanical properties. In this work, a novel straight-arc coupled structure (SACS) is designed by introducing a circular arc structure to a classical re-entrant structure. This work aims to explore the linear and geometrical nonlinear mechanical of SACS at large strains. According to Castigliano’s second theorem, the in-plane linear theoretical model is established to obtain equivalent Poisson’s ratio and elastic modulus. A geometrical nonlinear model is further established based on large deflection theory and chain algorithm. The finite element method is used to verify the prediction of the theoretical solution, and linear and nonlinear mechanical properties of the SACS are studied by numerical simulation. The influence of geometric parameter re-entrant angle and arc radius on the mechanical properties of the SACS is investigated to compare the linear and nonlinear mechanical properties. The linear numerical simulation of SACS with two transverse ribs (SACS-TR) and classical re-entrant honeycomb structure with two transverse ribs (CRS-TR) is carried out to analyze the in-plane elastic properties. These results demonstrate that considering the geometric nonlinear model can predict the actual structural deformation more accurately, which is verified by the quasi-static compression experiment results at large strains. The SACS design can enhance the auxetic effect and structure Young’s moduli under the same dimension.
Data recovery of 2D lifetime-based phosphor thermometry using deep neural networks
Authors: Jung Juyong , Kim Mirae , Cai Tao , Liu Yingzheng , Kim Kyung Chun
Published: March 2023

Thermographic phosphor (TP) thermometry has been widely used as one of the newly developed non-contact surface temperature measurement methods. However, temperature information is frequently lost locally because chemical bonding coatings are easily damaged during the measurement. This limits its application, such as in the case of jet impact, high-speed motion, high vibration, etc. We proposed to use of deep neural networks (DNNs) as a tool for recovering lost data. In this study, we captured the dynamic two-dimensional (2D) temperature field of jet impingement cooling a high temperature plate by TP thermometry. Different parts of the temperature information, including jet impact area and non-impact area, were then removed to assume the coating was damaged. A prediction model was established by the DNNs using the 2D space and time coordinates as the input dataset and using the temperature information corresponding to the coordinates as the output dataset. The removed temperature information was then recovered using the developed regression model and compared with the raw temperature field to evaluate predicted results. The results showed that the removed data can be successfully recovered using the established DNN prediction model, in which the predicted accuracy was greater than 94.94%. While in the central and the boundary area of the jet, the model has a relatively poor performance, which is mainly due to the large temperature gradients. These results indicate that the established DNN model can be used to recover the lost temperature information but it is limited for applications in regions with drastic temperature changes.
Ultra-thin gate insulator of atomic-layer-deposited AlO
x
and HfO
x
for amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors
Authors: Li Jiye , Guan Yuhang , Li Jinxiong , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Yuhan , Chan ManSun , Wang Xinwei , Lu Lei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: March 2023

To strengthen the downscaling potential of top-gate amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) thin-film transistors (TFTs), the ultra-thin gate insulator (GI) was comparatively implemented using the atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) AlO
x
and HfO
x
. Both kinds of high-k GIs exhibit good insulating properties even with the physical thickness thinning to 4 nm. Compared to the amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) TFTs with 4 nm AlO
x
GI, the 4 nm HfO
x
enables a larger GI capacitance, while the HfO
x
-gated TFT suffers higher gate leakage current and poorer subthreshold slope, respectively originating from the inherently small band offset and the highly defective interface between a-IGZO and HfO
x
. Such imperfect a-IGZO/HfO
x
interface further causes noticeable positive bias stress instability. Both ALD AlO
x
and HfO
x
were found to react with the underneath a-IGZO channel to generate the interface defects, such as metal interstitials and oxygen vacancies, while the ALD process of HfO
x
gives rise to a more severe reduction of a-IGZO. Moreover, when such a defective interface is covered by the top gate, it cannot be readily restored using the conventional oxidizing post-treatments and thus desires the reduction-resistant pre-treatments of AOSs.
Rational design of flower-like MnO2/Ti3C2T
x
composite electrode for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Xia Chenji , Luo Yijia , Bin Xiaoqing , Gao Bowen , Que Wenxiu
Published: March 2023

Combining the new two-dimensional conductive MXene with transition metal oxide to build composite structure is a promising path to improve the conductivity of metal oxide. However, a critical challenge still remains in how to achieve a good combination of MXene and metal oxide. Herein, we develop a facile hydrothermal route to synthesize the MnO2/Ti3C2T
x
composite electrode for supercapacitors by synergistically coupling MnO2 nanowires with Ti3C2T
x
MXene nanoflakes. Compared with the pure MnO2 electrode, the morphology of the MnO2/Ti3C2T
x
composite electrode changes from nanowires to nanoflowers. Moreover, the overall conductivity and electrochemical performance of the composite electrode are greatly improved due to an addition of Ti3C2T
x
MXene. The specific capacitance of the MnO2/Ti3C2T
x
composite electrode achieves 210.8 F·g−1 at a scan rate of 2 mV·s−1, while that of the pure MnO2 electrode is only 55.2 F·g−1. Furthermore, the specific capacitance of the MnO2/Ti3C2T
x
composite electrode still can remain at 97.2% even after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles, revealing an excellent cycle stability. The synthesis strategy of this work can pave the way for the research and practical application of the electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Carbon nanoparticle reinforced adhesive films as surface sensors for strain detection
Authors: Sánchez-Romate Xoan F , Gómez Édgar , Sánchez María , Ureña Alejandro
Published: March 2023

Carbon nanoparticle-reinforced adhesive films have been explored as surface sensors for the detection of small strains. It has been observed that graphene nanoplatelets, GNPs, promote a significant increase of the gauge factor when compared to carbon nanotubes, CNTs (5.6 to 0.6, respectively, at low strains), due to their intrinsic 2D nature. The application as surface sensors for the monitoring of the strain field in an aluminum plate has been proven to be successful, with a repeatable signal under consecutive cycles despite some irreversibility in the first one for GNPs. Furthermore, the electrical response given by the sensors under plastic deformation of the aluminum plate was in total agreement with the mechanical response validated by numerical analysis, proving the high potential of the proposed adhesive film for sensing purposes.
Low regularity solutions for the Vlasov–Poisson–Landau/Boltzmann system
Authors: Deng Dingqun , Duan Renjun
Published: March 2023

In the paper, we are concerned with the nonlinear Cauchy problem on the Vlasov–Poisson–Landau/Boltzmann system around global Maxwellians in a torus or a finite channel. The main goal is to establish the global existence and large time behaviour of small amplitude solutions for a class of low regularity initial data. The molecular interaction type is restricted to the case of hard potentials for two classical collision operators because of the effect of the self-consistent forces. The result extends the one by Duan–Liu–Sakamoto-Strain (Duan et al 2021 Commun. Pure Appl. Math.
74 932–1020) for the pure Landau/Boltzmann equation to the case of the VPL and VPB systems.
Time is suspect!
Authors: Heck André , Jordens Hans , Uylings Peter
Published: March 2023

‘That it is possible to find the form of the Lorentz transformations without requiring the speed of light to be the same in every inertial system is rediscovered about every thirty years and, rightly, forgotten.’ This proposition alongside the doctoral dissertation of Hendrik Smid in 1986 provides food for thought: Is the light postulate of special relativity, which gives the speed of light

c

in vacuum its status of maximum and unchanging speed, indeed not necessary? What kind of physical world are you then left with? What could be the value of discussing this in class? In this paper we show how the Lorentz transformation, which describes the relationship between two coordinate systems moving relative to each other at a constant speed, can indeed be derived by replacing the light postulate by another assumption, namely the requirement of closure under composition of transformations that relate inertial frames of reference (i.e. two successive coordinate transformations of certain type can be written as one transformation of the same type). Although well known in specialised literature of physics research, the remarkable insight that

c

is somehow buried in nature is hardly mentioned in pre-university and bachelor’s physics courses and textbooks. Yet, the presented comprehensible approach may support the understanding and plausibility of the abstract subject of special relativity. Mathematics may go too far for an average pre-university student, but this subject would certainly not be out of place in an undergraduate physics course or a physics teacher course. Although many teachers do not know that the light postulate of special relativity can be replaced by another assumption or may not appreciate such replacement as part of their teaching of the topic, it offers in our opinion an opportunity to inform students that a critical look at postulates and an investigation of alternatives is an essential part of the nature of science.
ChatGPT and the frustrated Socrates
Authors: Gregorcic Bor , Pendrill Ann-Marie
Published: March 2023

We present a case study of a conversation between ourselves and an artificial intelligence-based chatbot ChatGPT. We asked the chatbot to respond to a basic physics question that will be familiar to most physics teachers: ‘A teddy bear is thrown into the air. What is its acceleration in the highest point?’ The chatbot’s responses, while linguistically quite advanced, were unreliable in their correctness and often full of contradictions. We then attempted to engage in Socratic dialogue with the chatbot to resolve the errors and contradictions, but with little success. We found that ChatGPT is not yet good enough to be used as a cheating tool for physics students or as a physics tutor. However, we found it quite reliable in generating incorrect responses on which physics teachers could train assessment of student responses.
Integrating multimodal information in machine learning for classifying acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Xiao Ran , Ding Cheng , Hu Xiao , Clifford Gari D , Wright David W , Shah Amit J , Al-Zaiti Salah , Zègre-Hemsey Jessica K
Published: March 2023

Objective. Prompt identification and recognization of myocardial ischemia/infarction (MI) is the most important goal in the management of acute coronary syndrome. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used as the initial screening tool for patients with chest pain but its diagnostic accuracy remains limited. There is early evidence that machine learning (ML) algorithms applied to ECG waveforms can improve performance. Most studies are designed to classify MI from healthy controls and thus are limited due to the lack of consideration of ECG abnormalities from other cardiac conditions, leading to false positives. Moreover, clinical information beyond ECG has not yet been well leveraged in existing ML models. Approach. The present study considered downstream clinical implementation scenarios in the initial model design by dichotomizing study recordings from a public large-scale ECG dataset into a MI class and a non-MI class with the inclusion of MI-confounding conditions. Two experiments were conducted to systematically investigate the impact of two important factors entrained in the modeling process, including the duration of ECG, and the value of multimodal information for model training. A novel multimodal deep learning architecture was proposed to learn joint features from both ECG and patient demographics. Main results. The multimodal model achieved better performance than the ECG-only model, with a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 92.1% and a mean accuracy of 87.4%, which is on par with existing studies despite the increased task difficulty due to the new class definition. By investigation of model explainability, it revealed the contribution of patient information in model performance and clinical concordance of the model’s attention with existing clinical insights. Significance. The findings in this study help guide the development of ML solutions for prompt MI detection and move the models one step closer to real-world clinical applications.
Cylindrical magnetoelectric FeGa/PZT composite for lightning current sensing applications
Authors: Lu Caijiang , Zhou Hai , Wu Gang , Xiao Xiaobing , Zhang Ziyan , Wang Jingqi , He Xiaomeng , Yang Aichao , Fu Guoqiang
Published: March 2023

Magnetoelectric (ME) composites have been proven to apply to current sensors. However, the previously reported ME materials-based current sensors mainly focus on direct current and sine alternating current sensing, which put a critical limit on the measurement of transient current. In this paper, a cylindrical ME composite consisting of a magnetostrictive Fe83Ga17 (FeGa) cylinder and a piezoelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) circular tube is fabricated for lightning current sensing applications. The time-domain output voltage of the FeGa/PZT composite is simulated and measured in detail. Under the excitation of 8/20 µs lighting current, the output voltage of the composite can change with the current. But the damping oscillation at its resonant frequency is observed. Furthermore, to obtain an obvious ME response, the FeGa/PZT cylinder and current-carrying wire should be arranged closely and in an orthogonal way. When the amplitude of 8/20 µs lightning current is in the range of 500 A–9 kA, the ME FeGa/PZT composite shows a sensitivity of 1.36 mV A−1, a linear response (R
2 = 0.9993), and a small return error (0.12 V). These results provide that the ME composite is suitable to be used in non-contact lightning current measurements.
Pareto optimal fronts of kinetic proofreading
Authors: Chiuchiu Davide , Mondal Shrabani , Pigolotti Simone
Published: March 2023

Biological processes such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein translation operate with remarkable speed and accuracy in selecting the right substrate from pools of chemically identical molecules. This result is obtained by non-equilibrium reactions that dissipate chemical energy. It is widely recognized that there must be a trade-off between speed, error, and dissipation characterizing these systems. In this paper, we quantify this trade-off using tools from mathematical optimization theory. We characterize the Pareto optimal front for a generalized version of Hopfield’s kinetic proofreading model, which is a paradigmatic example of biological error correction. We find that models with more proofreading steps are characterized by better trade-offs. Furthermore, we numerically study scaling relations between speed, accuracy, and dissipation on the Pareto front.
The transient invisibility cloak in the electro-quasi-static field
Authors: Liu Zhao Cheng , Cui Xiang , Li Xue Bao , Chen Xiangyu , Zhao Zhibin , Meng Wei
Published: March 2023

The invisibility condition of cloak in the Electro-Quasi-Static (EQS) field under the arbitrary transient excitation is given in this paper. Firstly, because electric field with magnetoelectric effect ignored can be attributed to the EQS field which is the transient electric field. In this case, the analytical invisibility conditions of infinite length coaxial cylinders cloaks under arbitrary transient excitation are derived in the EQS field. Then, by the finite element method(FEM) simulation, the correctness of the analytical invisibility condition is verified. Besides, this paper also established the equivalent circuit model for the cloak in the EQS field by the resistance and capacitance network. At last, analytical invisibility conditions of the concentric spheres cloak are also given. By the invisibility conditions proposed in this paper, the cloak could achieve stealth under the transient electric field which will greatly enhance the performance of the cloak.
Enhanced cosmic-ray antihelium production from dark matter annihilation through light mediators
Authors: Ding Yu-Chen , Li Nan , Zhou Yu-Feng
Published: March 2023

Cosmic-ray (CR) antihelium is an important probe for the indirect search of dark matter (DM) annihilation in the Galaxy. However, due to stringent constraints from the measurements of
CR antiprotons and γ-rays, the flux of CR antihelium from the conventional DM direct
annihilation into Standard Model final states is expected to be far below the sensitivity of the
current experiments. We show that the production of antihelium can be significantly enhanced if
the DM particles annihilate through light mediator particles with a mass mϕ
≈ 8 GeV
close to the antihelium production threshold. After taking into account the constraints from the
AMS-02 antiproton data and the Fermi-LAT γ-ray data on the spheroidal dwarf galaxies, we
find that in this scenario the CR antihelium flux can be enhanced by three orders of magnitude,
which makes it within the sensitivity of the ongoing AMS-02 experiment.
Controlling of optical bistability and multistability via two different incoherent processes
Authors: Saeed Mohammed Murtadha , Subhi Ali Ahmed , Mourad Mohammed Ibrahim , Yasin Yaser , Auda Abdulameer Sabah , Salam Obaid Zahraa , Hadrawi Salema K
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the optical bistability (OB) and optical multistability (OM) phenomena for a quantum dot nanostructure via two different mechanisms. The first process is based on the application of the incoherent pumping field while the second one is due to the ratio between the injection and cavity injection rates. We show that the appearance of OB and OM properties in the system depends strongly on the presence of these mechanisms. It is found that OB appears in the presence of both mechanisms, but OM appears only when both mechanisms are present in the system simultaneously. We also study the linear absorption behaviors for the case when OB and OM are observed in the system. It is shown that for the multistable state, the absorption properties of the system are different from the bistable state, which has a strong dependence on incoherent processes.
A simplest seesaw model of the TM1 and μ-τ reflection symmetries for the neutrino masses and leptogenesis
Authors: Zhao Zhen-hua , Zhang Lei , Gao Yang
Published: March 2023

In this paper, following the Occam’s razor principle, we have put forward a very simple form of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix

M

D

in the minimal seesaw model with the right-handed neutrino mass matrix being diagonal

M

R

=
diag
(

M

1

,

M

2

)

; it has one texture zero and only contains three real parameters, whose values can be determined from the neutrino oscillation experimental results. Such a model leads to a neutrino mass matrix

M

ν

≃
−

M

D

M

R

−
1

M

D

T

that obeys the TM1 and μ-τ reflection symmetries simultaneously. In this way all the lepton flavor mixing parameters except for

θ

13

are predicted; the value of

θ

12

is predicted by the TM1 symmetry, while those of

θ

23

, δ, ρ and σ by the μ-τ reflection symmetry. And the neutrino masses are predicted to be of the NO case with

m

1

=
0

, for which all three light neutrino masses will be pinned down with the help of the experimental results for the neutrino mass squared differences. For these results, the effective Majorana neutrino mass

∣

M

ν

ee

∣

that controls the rate of the neutrinoless double beta decay is predicted to be 1.6 or 3.8 meV in the case of σ = 0 or π/2. We have also studied the implications of the model for leptogenesis. It turns out that only in the two-flavor leptogenesis regime (which holds in the temperature range 109–1012 GeV) can leptogenesis have a chance to be successful. And a successful leptogenesis can be achieved at

M

1

≃
1.2
×

10

11

GeV in the case of σ = π/2, but not in the case of σ = 0.