bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural diversity of axonemes across mammalian motile cilia
Authors: Leung Miguel Ricardo , Sun Chen , Zeng Jianwei , Anderson Jacob R. , Niu Qingwei , Huang Wei , Noteborn Willem E. M. , Brown Alan , Zeev-Ben-Mordehai Tzviya , Zhang Rui
Published: January 2025

Reproduction, development and homeostasis depend on motile cilia, whose rhythmic beating is powered by a microtubule-based molecular machine called the axoneme. Although an atomic model of the axoneme is available for the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
1, structures of mammalian axonemes are incomplete1–5. Furthermore, we do not fully understand how molecular structures of axonemes vary across motile-ciliated cell types in the body. Here we use cryoelectron microscopy, cryoelectron tomography and proteomics to resolve the 96-nm modular repeat of axonemal doublet microtubules (DMTs) from both sperm flagella and epithelial cilia of the oviduct, brain ventricles and respiratory tract. We find that sperm DMTs are the most specialized, with epithelial cilia having only minor differences across tissues. We build a model of the mammalian sperm DMT, defining the positions and interactions of 181 proteins including 34 newly identified proteins. We elucidate the composition of radial spoke 3 and uncover binding sites of kinases associated with regeneration of ATP and regulation of ciliary motility. We discover a sperm-specific, axoneme-tethered T-complex protein ring complex (TRiC) chaperone that may contribute to construction or maintenance of the long flagella of mammalian sperm. We resolve axonemal dyneins in their prestroke states, illuminating conformational changes that occur during ciliary movement. Our results illustrate how elements of chemical and mechanical regulation are embedded within the axoneme, providing valuable resources for understanding the aetiology of ciliopathy and infertility, and exemplifying the discovery power of modern structural biology.
A highly sensitive photoelectrochemical sensor for the detection of theophylline based on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of a nanocomposite of polydopamine nanospheres and gold nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Jiexia , Lei Yuanyuan , Zhu Gang , Feng Dexiang , Lu Changning , Yang Kexin , Wei Yan
Published: January 2025

A photoelectrochemical sensor for detecting theophylline was exploited based on electrodes modified with polydopamine–gold nanocomposite. The sensor exhibited remarkable photoelectric catalytic capability towards theophylline oxidation.
Low-coordinate bis-phosphine and monophosphine Ni(0) complexes: synthesis and reactivity in C–S cross-coupling
Authors: Martín M. Trinidad , Carrasco Carlos J. , Santamaría Nazaret , Maya Celia , Prieto Auxiliadora , Galindo Agustín , Nicasio M. Carmen
Published: January 2025

Bis-phosphine and monophosphine Ni(0) complexes with bulky phosphine ligands are prepared and tested in C–S cross-coupling reactions.
Correction: The roles of 4f- and 5f-orbitals in bonding: a magnetochemical, crystal field, density functional theory, and multi-reference wavefunction study
Authors: Lukens W. W. , Speldrich M. , Yang P. , Duignan T. J. , Autschbach J. , Kögerler P.
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘The roles of 4f- and 5f-orbitals in bonding: a magnetochemical, crystal field, density functional theory, and multi-reference wavefunction study’ by W. W. Lukens et al., Dalton Trans., 2016, 45, 11508–11521, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT00634E.
Evaluating the differential benefits of varying carbohydrate-restricted diets on lipid profiles and cardiovascular risks in dyslipidemia: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Liu Kang , He Hui , Liu Min , Hu Yu-Qi , Lu Louise Weiwei , Liu Bin , Chen Jie-Hua
Published: January 2025

This meta-analysis assesses long-term effects of CRDs with varying carbohydrate levels (MLCDs vs. LCDs) on metabolic outcomes in dyslipidemic patients, identifying MLCDs intake as a promising strategy for reducing CVDs risk in this population.
An efficient and stable sample preparation and calibration strategy for nanoparticle analysis using laser ablation single particle-ICP-MS
Authors: Kronlachner Laura , Gajarska Zuzana , Becker Pascal , Günther Detlef , Limbeck Andreas
Published: January 2025

An calibration methodology for laser ablation-single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-sp-ICP-MS) of nanoparticles without the need for particulate reference material is presented.
Enhancing electroreduction of NO3− to NH3 over Co3O4 nanowires via N-doping
Authors: Guo Xiaoxi , Wang Pai , Xu Youhao , Liu Li , Li Hengfeng , Wu Tongwei
Published: January 2025

N–Co3O4 is highly active to reduce NO3− to NH3 due to the Coulombic interactions.
Dual electron transfer path and LSPR photothermal enhancement in BiOCl@ZnIn2S4 heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution, H2O2 production and tetracycline removal
Authors: Wu Fan , Wu Guangyu , Tang Yonggong , Pan Yuwei , Han Jiangang , Zhang Jin , Xing Weinan , Huang Yudong
Published: January 2025

The well-designed catalyst structure can significantly enhance the efficiency of the photocatalytic H2, H2O2 and degradation of TC. This study offers novel insights into constructing a visible photothermal assisted photocatalytic reaction system.
Synergistic geometric and electronic optimized Mo@Mo-Bo electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction and value-added electrolysis
Authors: Santhosh Kumar Kaliyamoorthy , Thiruvengadam Dhanasingh , Raj Kumar Mayakrishnan , Rajan Kuppusamy , Jayabharathi Jayaraman , Padmavathy Manoharan
Published: January 2025

Metal borates have long-lasting uses due their high electrical conductivity and stability.
Synthesis and DFT study of NH2-MOF235(Fe)-derived ZnFe2O4–Fe2O3–ZnO multiple heterojunction nanocomposites for triethylamine gas detection
Authors: Zhu Hang , Li Panpan , Li Chengfeng , Zhao Xuanwei , Lu Fanghao , Sun Haoyang , Yang Tianye , Lan Yubin
Published: January 2025

This work designs a ZnFe2O4–Fe2O3–ZnO multiple heterojunctions from NH2-MOF235(Fe)@MOF5 for TEA sensing. The sensor exhibits excellent properties including high sensitivity, fast response, low detection limit, supported by DFT calculations.
Enhancing oxygen activation toward promoted photocatalytic oxidation of methane to liquid oxygenates with ReO2@TiO2: the regulation of oxygen affinity
Authors: Yan Linghui , Wang Shuyue , Qian Chao , Zhou Shaodong
Published: January 2025

The ReO2@TiO2 catalyst has been designed and applied in photocatalytic methane oxidation to liquid oxygenates.
Hydrogel-based soft bioelectronic interfaces and their applications
Authors: Jiao Caicai , Liu Jiahui , Yan Shuo , Xu Zhiwei , Hou Zhaoru , Xu Wenlong
Published: January 2025

The properties, classification, design criteria, and applications of hydrogel-based soft bioelectronic interfaces are reviewed along with summarizing their limitations, challenges and development prospects.
Lightweight on‐edge clustering for wireless AI‐driven applications
Authors: Kadhim Mustafa Raad , Lu Guangxi , Shi Yinong , Wang Jianbo , Kui Wu
Published: January 2025

Advanced wireless communication is important in distribution systems for sharing information among Internet of Things (IoT) edges. Artificial intelligence (AI) analyzed the generated IoT data to make these decisions, ensuring efficient and effective operations. These technologies face significant security challenges, such as eavesdropping and adversarial attacks. Recent studies addressed this issue by using clustering analysis (CA) to uncover hidden patterns to provide AI models with clear interpretations. The high volume of overlapped samples in IoT data affects partitioning, interpretation, and reliability of CAs. Recent CA models have integrated machine learning techniques to address these issues, but struggle in the limited resources of IoT environments. These challenges are addressed by proposing a novel unsupervised lightweight distance clustering (DC) model based on data separation (). raises the tension between samples using cannot‐link relations to separate the overlap, thus DC provides the interpretations. The optimal time and space complexity enables DC‐ to be implemented on on‐edge computing, reducing data transmission overhead, and improving the robustness of the AI‐IoT application. Extensive experiments were conducted across various datasets under different circumstances. The results show that the data separated by improved the efficiency of the proposed solution, with DC outperforming the baseline model.
Physics‐informed anomaly and fault detection for wind energy systems using deep CNN and adaptive elite PSO‐XGBoost
Authors: Lee Chun‐Yao , Maceren Edu Daryl C.
Published: January 2025

Wind energy systems require fault diagnosis that identifies faults despite data inconsistencies. This study addresses challenges in supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems for monitoring wind turbine conditions from imbalanced data representation and error vulnerability. It examines the efficacy of adaptive elite‐particle swarm optimization (AEPSO)‐tuned extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) on an imbalanced SCADA dataset for wind turbine fault classification. The methodology integrates the resampled dataset with t‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding represented deep learning features. Employing AEPSO‐XGBoost classifier trained on merged SCADA and deep learning data from a physics‐informed deep convolutional neural network forms the basis of the fault (alarm) classification model. The AEPSO‐XGBoost regressor is validated across three distinct rear bearing temperature datasets, facilitating parameter optimization and model robustness. Also, this study explores supervised and unsupervised anomaly detection models using PDCNN and AEPSO‐XGBoost with rear‐bearing temperature data. Findings exhibit substantial fault classification and prediction enhancements by merging resampled SCADA data with deep learning features. Moreover, results show that applying AEPSO‐XGBoost can significantly improve anomaly detection metrics. Through AEPSO‐XGBoost's efficacy in enhancing fault prediction within imbalanced SCADA datasets, the study proposes an integrated framework for fault classification and anomaly detection as an innovative predictive maintenance system for wind energy systems.
Deriving the abundance distribution of HII galaxies using sulphur as tracer: Exploring the high-metallicity end
Authors: Gavilán M. , Díaz A. I. , Zamora S.
Published: January 2025

Aims. The main objective of this work is to derive the distribution of the metal content of HII galaxies using sulphur as an abundance tracer. This increases the metallicity range that can safely be reached.

Methods. We selected a sample of emission-line galaxies that we extracted from the SDSS-DR16. These objects have a redshift of z ≤ 0.04 so that the [S III] λ 9069 Å emission line and Hβ equivalent widths that are higher than 10 Å in emission were included, and they are compact in appearance. We used the so-called direct method for objects with the electron-temperature-sensitive [S III] λ 6312 Å emission line, and an empirical method based on the S23 parameter. The last provided an abundance calibration that monotonically increased up to at least the solar value, and can be applied based on the spectral range from 6000 to 9500 Å alone.

Results. We show that the bias that is introduced when the [O III] λ 4363 Å line is required restricts the sample to objects with an [O III] electron temperature higher than 10 000K, and their temperature distribution is then rather narrow. For objects with determinations of te[S III], the distribution is flatter and wider, which fits a more realistic scenario better. For these objects, we calculated the ionic abundances of sulphur and their ratios. In all cases, S2+ was found to be the dominant ion, with a contribution greatly exceeding that of S+. This fact justifies the adoption te[S III] as the dominant temperature throughout the nebula, although in 20% of the objects, an estimated ionization correction factor is required. For the objects in the sample that required the detection of the [O III] λ 4363 Å line (sample 3) and [S III] λ 6312 Å, the distribution abundances as traced directly by oxygen and sulphur appear to be very similar to each other. The median values are 12+log(O/H) = 8.1 and 12+log(S/H) = 6.4, which corresponds to an S/O ratio of log(S/O) = −1.7 that is close to the solar value (−1.5). However, when the restriction for weak temperature-sensitive lines is relaxed, the abundance distribution is wider and the median value is 12+log(S/H) = 6.6. When the S/O ratio is assumed to be constant, the median sulphur abundance value found here would imply a median value of the oxygen abundance of 12+log(O/H) = 8.3.

Conclusions. In summary, the abundance distributions traced by sulphur can reach reliable abundances up to the solar value at least and provide a more complete picture of the metallicity distribution of HII galaxies. The method presented here only involves the red part of the spectrum (between 6000 and 9600 Å), and the effect of reddening is weak there. Although the strong nebular [S III] lines shift beyond the far red spectral region for high-redshift objects, present-day infrared spectrographs can overcome this difficulty. Observations made with NIRSpec on board the JWST would be able to provide data for objects with redshifts between 0 and 4.24.
Investigating cannibalistic millisecond pulsar binaries using MESA: New constraints from pulsar spin and mass evolution
Authors: Misra Devina , Linares Manuel , Ye Claire S.
Published: January 2025

Context. Compact binary millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with orbital periods ≲1 d are key to understanding binary evolution involving massive neutron stars (NSs). Due to the ablation of the companion by the rapidly spinning pulsar, these systems are also known as spiders and categorized into two main branches: redbacks (RBs; companion mass in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 M⊙) and black widows (BWs; companion mass ≲0.1 M⊙).

Aims. We present models of low- and intermediate-mass X-ray binaries and compare them with observations of Galactic spiders (including the presence or absence of hydrogen lines in their optical spectra), and we constrain and quantify the interaction between the pulsar and the companion.

Methods. Using MESA, we created the allowed initial parameter space. For the first time in MESA, we also included the detailed evolution of the pulsar spin and modeled the irradiation of the companion by the pulsar wind.

Results. Efficient mass accretion onto the NS (i.e., at least 70% of the mass transferred is accreted) with an X-ray irradiated disk followed by strong irradiation of the companion can explain most of the properties of the observed spiders. Our RB evolutionary tracks continue to the BW regime, connecting the two branches of spiders. Our models explain the lack of hydrogen in some observed BWs with ultra-light companions. During accretion induced spin up, the mass required to spin up an NS to sub-milliseconds is high enough to collapse it into a black hole. Finally, after analyzing the formation of RB-like spiders with giant companions and orbital periods of several days (huntsmen), we conclude that they are unlikely to produce super-massive NSs (maximum accreted mass ≲0.5 M⊙).

Conclusions. Cannibalistic MSP binary formation depends heavily on the interplay between accretion onto the pulsar and pulsar wind irradiation. Our work supports earlier claims that RBs evolve into BWs. We also show that the fastest spinning pulsars may collapse before reaching sub-millisecond spin periods.
Behind the dust veil: A panchromatic view of an optically dark galaxy at z = 4.82
Authors: Sillassen Nikolaj B. , Jin Shuowen , Magdis Georgios E. , Hodge Jacqueline , Gobat Raphael , Daddi Emanuele , Knudsen Kirsten , Finoguenov Alexis , Schinnerer Eva , Wang Wei-Hao , Gao Zhen-Kai , Weaver John R. , Algera Hiddo , Andika Irham T. , Brinch Malte , Chen Chian-Chou , Cochrane Rachel , Enia Andrea , Faisst Andreas , Gillman Steven , Gomez-Guijarro Carlos , Gozaliasl Ghassem , Hayward Chris , Kokorev Vasily , Merchant Maya , Rizzo Francesca , Talia Margherita , Valentino Francesco , Blánquez-Sesé David , Koekemoer Anton M. , Magnelli Benjamin , Rich Michael , Shuntov Marko
Published: January 2025

Optically dark dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) play an essential role in massive galaxy formation at early cosmic time; however, their nature remains elusive. Here, we present a detailed case study of all the baryonic components of a z = 4.821 DSFG, XS55. Selected from the ultra-deep COSMOS-XS 3 GHz map with a red SCUBA-2 450 μm/850 μm colour, XS55 was followed up with ALMA 3 mm line scans and spectroscopically confirmed to be at z = 4.821 via detections of the CO(5-4) and [CI](1-0) lines. JWST/NIRCam imaging reveals that XS55 is a F150W drop-out with a red F277W/F444W colour and a complex morphology: a compact central component embedded in an extended structure with a likely companion. XS55 is tentatively detected in X-rays with both Chandra and XMM-Newton, suggesting an active galactic nucleus nature. By fitting a panchromatic spectral energy distribution spanning from near-infrared to radio wavelengths, we reveal that XS55 is a massive main-sequence galaxy with a stellar mass of M* = (5 ± 1)×1010 M⊙ and a star formation rate of SFR = 540 ± 177 M⊙ yr−1. The dust of XS55 is optically thick in the far-infrared with a surprisingly cold dust temperature of Tdust = 33 ± 2 K, making XS55 one of the coldest DSFGs at z > 4 known to date. This work unveils the nature of a radio-selected F150W drop-out, suggesting the existence of a population of DSFGs hosting active black holes embedded in optically thick dust.
Laplacian eigenvalue condition for a graph to have the strong parity property
Authors: Wang Sufang , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2025

A graph G has the strong parity property if for every subset X ⊆ V (G) with |X| even, G has a spanning subgraph F satisfying δ(F ) ≥ 1, dF (u) ≡ 1 (mod 2) for any u ∈ X, and dF (ν) ≡ 0 (mod 2) for any ν ∈ V (G) ∖ X. Some scholars investigated the strong parity property in graphs and presented some results for graphs to satisfy it. In this paper, we proceed to study the strong parity property in graphs and obtain a Laplacian eigenvalue condition to ensure that a graph satisfy it.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for proximal colonic lesions: An effective therapeutic option
Authors: Alfarone Ludovico , Maselli Roberta , Hassan Cesare , Spaggiari Paola , Spadaccini Marco , Capogreco Antonio , Massimi Davide , De Sire Roberto , Mastrorocco Elisabetta , Repici Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Due to the greater risks of adverse events (AEs) and the lower rate of submucosal invasive cancer (SMIC), large proximal colonic polyps are frequently treated by piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the West. However, this implies the risk of surgery to radicalize non-curative endoscopic resection in case of early colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated procedure outcomes in patients undergoing ESD for proximal colonic lesions at risk of SMIC.

All consecutive patients with lesions at risk of SMIC proximal to splenic flexure referred for ESD at a tertiary center were prospectively included from 2019 to 2021. En bloc, R0, and curative resection rates were primary outcomes, while length of hospitalization, AEs, need for surgery due to AEs, and recurrence rates were secondary outcomes.

A total of 116 patients (mean age: 68.4±10.91 years; men: 69.8%) were included. En bloc, R0, and curative resection rates were 84.5%, 78.4%, and 72.4%, respectively. T1 adenocarcinoma was reported in 25% of lesions (29/116). Eleven patients (9.5%) underwent secondary surgery due to non-curative resections; residual disease was found in one patient. Most frequent AE was intra-procedural perforation (9.9%); no AE required surgery. Median follow-up was 36 months; three of 97 recurrences (3.1%) at 6 months and one of 85 recurrence (1.2%) at 36 months were reported, which were all endoscopically treated.

In expert hands, ESD is effective and safe for proximal colonic lesions at risk of SMIC for the favorable balance between risk of AEs and benefit of avoiding unnecessary surgery, even for early CRC.
Divergent Presentation of GRIN2B Neurodevelopmental Disorder in Monozygotic Twins: Case Report with Unique Imaging Phenotypes
Authors: Avsenik Jernej , Benedik Mirjana P. , Rogač Mihael , Biswas Asthik , Sudhakar Sniya , D'Arco Felice , Löbel Ulrike , Mankad Kshitij
Published: January 2025

We describe a set of monozygotic twins with Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate Type Subunit 2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder (GRIN2B-ND) who exhibited distinct clinical and imaging characteristics due to a de novo heterozygous pathogenic variant in the GRIN2B gene (c.2453T > C, p.Met818Thr). Twin A displayed extensive symmetric malformation of cortical development (MCD) resembling polymicrogyria, accompanied by shallow sulci, dilated lateral ventricles, and dysplastic appearances of the basal ganglia, corpus callosum, and hippocampi. In twin B, malformative features, such as reduced brain volume, MCD, shallow sulci, and dilated lateral ventricle, were confined to the left hemisphere. In combination with previously published data, our report highlights variable phenotypes associated with the p.(Met818Thr) pathogenic variant, specifically with a potential for asymmetric or even unilateral presentation. We discuss the potential interplay between genetic and environmental factors underlying this phenomenon within the context of monozygotic twins. In addition, we also highlight the importance of recognizing potential genetic underpinnings in the assessment of apparently unilateral brain malformations.
Career Paths of Young Fellowship-Trained Microsurgeons
Authors: Howell Christopher R. , Tierney Madeline G. , Westerfield Allen , Silva Amanda K.
Published: January 2025

Background Microsurgery is a highly specialized field requiring years of dedicated training and proper support to sustain a practice. We sought to describe the career paths of young microsurgeons and investigate factors associated with switching jobs.

Methods Public data on surgeons who completed a microsurgery fellowship between 2016 and 2020 were collected. Analysis of job switching was determined using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results One hundred and sixty-seven graduates were analyzed. Most initially practiced microsurgery (92.2%) and 61.7% went into academics. Fifty-two (31.4%) have switched jobs and Kaplan–Meier estimates that 36.0% will switch by 5 years into practice. Over half (58%) changed practice setting type, 19% left academics, and 12% stopped performing microsurgery.

Gender, residency training type, taking a job where they trained, and the presence of a microsurgery fellowship had no effect on job switching (p = 0.74, 0.95, 0.71, 0.26). Surgeons in academics were significantly more likely to change jobs (p = 0.04).

Gender, residency training type, or taking a job where they trained had no effect on leaving academics (p = 0.89, 0.42, 0.37). Taking a first job where a microsurgery fellowship was present was significantly associated with staying in academics (p = 0.04)

Conclusion Most microsurgery fellows take jobs performing microsurgery. Thirty-six percent will switch jobs in 5 years, more than half will change practice setting type, and about 20% will leave academics. A minority will stop performing microsurgery. Surgeons in academics are more likely to switch jobs. Taking a job where there is a microsurgery fellowship is significantly associated with staying in academics during the switch.
Synthetic applications of symmetrical disulfides and their synthesis from non-thiolic substrates
Authors: Kim Kyungmi , Chae Junghyun
Published: January 2025

Organic disulfides are frequently found in many fields of science, ranging from chemistry to materials science to biology. While symmetrical disulfides, which have the same substitutions on the two sulfurs, are often final products, they are mostly employed as reactants and catalysts in various reactions. In addition to their usage as catalysts, their synthetic applications as reactants can arbitrarily be categorized into three types: 1) surrogates for the corresponding thiols, 2) reactants for unsymmetrical disulfides, and 3) reactants or intermediates for the other compounds. Although the straightforward, traditional way to obtain symmetrical disulfides (RSSR) is the oxidation of their parental thiols (RSH), they can also be obtained from non-thiolic compounds. This short review covers representative synthetic applications of symmetrical disulfides and their preparation methods in which the starting materials are not the corresponding thiols.
1 Introduction
2 Synthetic Application of Symmetric Disulfides
2.1 Surrogates of Thiols
2.2 For Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides
2.3 As Reactants and Intermediates
3 Synthesis of Symmetrical Disulfides from Non-thiolic Substrates
3.1 Synthesis from Organic Halides
3.2 Synthesis from Sulfonic Acid Derivatives
3.3 Synthesis from Sulfinic acid Derivatives
3.4 Miscellaneous
4 Conclusion
On the Importance of Data – Introducing Perspectives as New Manuscript Type to SYNLETT
Authors: Martin Ruben , van Gemmeren Manuel , Maiti Debabrata
Published: January 2025

Ruben Martin was born in Barcelona (Spain) in 1976. After receiving his PhD at the Universitat de Barcelona with Prof. Antoni Riera, he moved in January 2004 to the Max-Planck-Insitut für Kohlenforschung (Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany), as a Humboldt postdoctoral fellow with Prof. Alois Fürstner, where he worked on iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. In May 2005, he undertook further postdoctoral studies at the Massachusets Institute of Technology (USA) with Prof. Stephen L. Buchwald where he developed new metal-catalyzed C–C and C–N bond-forming reactions. In September 2008, he initiated his independent career as an Associate Professor and subsequently as ICREA Research Professor (Spain). His research interests concern the discovery and development of synthetically useful organometallic methodologies.

Manuel van Gemmeren was born in Madrid (Spain), and raised in both Spain and Germany. After studying chemistry at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg (Germany) until 2010, he conducted his doctoral studies in the lab of Prof. Benjamin List and obtained his degree in 2014 (summa cum laude). Subsequently, he joined the group of Prof. Rubén Martín for postdoctoral studies. From 2016 onwards, he established his independent research group at the University of Münster (Germany). In 2022, he joined the Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry at Kiel University (Germany) as tenured professor for Organic Chemistry. Research in the van Gemmeren Lab focusses on the development of novel synthetic methods, typically based on Pd-catalyzed C–H activation, that enable challenging transformations to proceed with catalyst-controlled reactivity and selectivity.

Debabrata Maiti received his Ph.D. from John Hopkins University (USA) in 2008 under the supervision of Prof. Kenneth D. Karlin. After postdoctoral studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT; USA) with Prof. Stephen L. Buchwald (2008–2010), he joined the Department of Chemistry at IIT Bombay (India) in 2011, where he is currently Professor. His research interests are focused on the development of new and sustainable synthetic and catalytic methods.
Relationship between Neovascularization and Aortic Wall Enhancement in Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Ito Eisaku , Ohki Takao , Toya Naoki , Naganuma Hirokuni , Kawada Noriyasu , Muramatsu Koichi , Fukasawa Nei , Miyake Misayo , Maeda Miku , Shimoda Masayuki
Published: January 2025

Background Aortic wall enhancement (AWE), evaluated with computed tomography angiography in Type B aortic dissection, is associated with aortic remodeling. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between AWE and pathological findings of the aortic wall using an aortic wall sample from a Type A aortic dissection (TAD).

Methods We examined patients with TAD treated between January 2012 and February 2023.

Results Twelve cases were examined pathologically: five cases in the hyperacute phase, three in the acute phase, and four in the subacute phase. AWE thickness significantly differed as time progressed (0 vs. 1.7 vs. 2.8 mm, p < 0.001). A significant increase in granulation was observed in the acute and subacute phases (0 vs. 761 vs. 423 µm, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a fibrous complex of internal adventitia (FCIA) developed on the medial side of the adventitia over time since its onset and was found to be thickened (175 vs. 415 vs. 1,078 µm, p < 0.001). The thickness of the granulation tissue and FCIA, where there was abundant neovascularization, was consistent with the thickness of the AWE.

Conclusion AWE was observed in TAD and increased as time progressed. FCIA and granulation tissue developed, and AWE reflected neovascularization at the adventitia.
Effect of Tiered Implementation of Clinical Decision Support System for Acute Kidney Injury and Nephrotoxin Exposure in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Justice Christopher M. , Nevin Connor , Neely Rebecca L. , Dilcher Brian , Kovacic-Scherrer Nicole , Carter-Templeton Heather , Ostrowski Aaron , Krafcheck Jacob , Smith Gordon , McCarthy Paul , Pincavitch Jami , Kane-Gill Sandra , Freeman Robert , Kellum John A. , Kohli-Seth Roopa , Nadkarni Girish N. , Shawwa Khaled , Sakhuja Ankit
Published: January 2025

Background Nephrotoxin exposure may worsen kidney injury and impair kidney recovery if continued in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Objectives This study aimed to determine if tiered implementation of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) would reduce nephrotoxin use in cardiac surgery patients with AKI.

Methods We assessed patients admitted to the cardiac surgery intensive care unit at a tertiary care center from January 2020 to December 2021, and August 2022 to September 2023. A passive electronic AKI alert was activated in July 2020, followed by an electronic nephrotoxin alert in March 2023. In this alert, active nephrotoxic medication orders resulted in a passive alert, whereas new orders were met with an interruptive alert. Primary outcome was discontinuation of nephrotoxic medications within 30 hours after AKI. Secondary outcomes included AKI-specific clinical actions, determined through modified Delphi process and patient-centered outcomes. We compared all outcomes across five separate eras, divided based on the tiered implementation of these alerts.

Results A total of 503 patients met inclusion criteria. Of 114 patients who received nephrotoxins before AKI, nephrotoxins were discontinued after AKI in 6 (25%) patients in pre AKI-alert era, 8 (33%) patients in post AKI-alert era, 7 (35%) patients in AKI-alert long-term follow up era, 7 (35%) patients in pre nephrotoxin-alert era, and 14 (54%) patients in post nephrotoxin-alert era (p = 0.047 for trend). Among AKI-specific consensus actions, we noted a decreased use of intravenous fluids, increased documentation of goal mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg or higher, and increased use of bedside point of care echocardiogram over time. Among exploratory clinical outcomes we found a decrease in proportion of stage III AKI, need for dialysis, and length of hospital stay over time.

Conclusion Tiered implementation of CDSS for recognition of AKI and nephrotoxin exposure resulted in a progressive improvement in the discontinuation of nephrotoxins.
Preoperative and Postoperative Midline Index Ratio and Pre- and Postoperative Variation of the Hematoma Thickness Accurately Predict Surgical Recurrence of Chronic Subdural Hematomas
Authors: Novegno Federica , Fiorucci Giulia , Iaquinandi Andrea , Salvati Maurizio , Pesce Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Background Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common pathology in daily practice of neurosurgery. Surgical management usually offers a significant clinical recovery. However, the recurrence rate is still high. Several studies have suggested various factors associated with hematoma recurrence with no univocal results. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of early postoperative computed tomography (CT) examination to predict the need for reoperation.

Methods A retrospective review of 115 cSDH patients was performed. Clinical findings and pre- and early postoperative CT scan data were recorded. Univariable and bivariable analyses were performed to determine which of the studied factors were associated with an increased risk of reoperation. Their prognostic abilities were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results Overall, 21 of 115 patients required a surgical revision. Among the comorbidities, diabetes mellitus represented the only factor related with hematoma recurrence (66.76 vs. 23.40%, p = 0.001). Preoperative hematoma density and postoperative residual hyperdensity on early CT scan emerged as significant predictors of cSDH recurrence (recurrence: 18/21, 85.7% vs. nonrecurrence: 17/94, 18.1%, p = 0.001). The ratios of post- and preoperative hematoma thickness (P) and post- and preoperative midline shift (Q) and their sum (K) were statistically higher in the recurrence group with cutoff values of 0.745, 0.555, and 1.135, respectively.

Conclusions Systematic early postoperative CT scan after cSDH evacuation may predict hematoma recurrence. In the present study, we found postoperative hyperdensity on CT scan and degree of hematoma variation after surgical evacuation to be the strongest predictors of the need for reoperation.
Squeezing quantum noise
Authors: Dwyer Sheila
Published: January 2025

You can’t beat the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, but you can engineer systems so that most of the uncertainty is in the variable of your choice. Doing so can improve the precision of delicate measurements.
Vast amounts of hydrogen are likely hidden under our feet
Authors: Wild Sarah
Published: January 2025

Enough of the gas is trapped beneath our planet’s surface to satisfy our energy needs for decades, a new study finds. The question is whether it’s economically viable to use.
Stories from the early days of quantum mechanics
Authors: Rabi Isidor Isaac
Published: January 2025

A colloquium delivered to the University of Toronto physics department on 5 April 1979 by the master of molecular beams offers a fresh look at an earlier era.
Surface induced crystallization/amorphization of phase change materials
Authors: Javanbakht Mahdi , Mohebbi Sajjad , Attariani Hamed
Published: January 2025

Surface-induced crystallization/amorphization of a Germanium-antimony-tellurium nanolayer is investigated using the phase field model. A Ginzburg–Landau (GL) equation introduces an external surface layer (ESL) within which the surface energy and elastic properties are adequately distributed. Next, the coupled GL and elasticity equations for the crystallization/ amorphization are solved. For the initial surface crystalline nucleus, unphysical crystallization along the ESL appears for the ESL width

Δ
ξ

⩾
2
nm

while oval growth occurs for

Δ

ξ

⩽
1

nm

. The ESL results in a faster surface nucleus growth than the sharp surface model but does not affect the crystallization rate inside the bulk. Initial homogeneous conditions cause a simultaneous crystallization in the bulk and later in the ESL. The ESL effect on amorphization is studied to determine the ESL width more precisely. For both the initial amorphous nucleus and homogenous conditions, the amorphization temperature shows a reduction from the sharp surface model to the ESL model with

Δ

ξ

=
0.5

nm

and then remains almost constant for larger

Δ

ξ

. Combining the above results gives

0.5
⩽

Δ

ξ

⩽
1

nm

as a proper range for the ESL width. The ratio of the effective ESL width to the interface width (

Δ

sat

/

Δ

η

) and the ratio of the difference between the surface energies of transforming phases to the surface energy of the initial phase (

Δ

γ

/

γ

in

) are considered crucial parameters in determining the ESL effect on the phase transformation and a linear relation as

Δ

sat

/

Δ

η

≅
6.235

Δ

γ

/

γ

in

is found based on current and previous works, which can help estimate the effective ESL width for any surface-induced transformations.
Optimized multi-step synchronous electric charge extraction via accurate electrical efficiency analysis
Authors: Tang Hao , Liu Weiqun , Hu Guobiao , Liu Jian , Dong Dawei
Published: January 2025

The synchronous electric charge extraction (SECE) circuit has been widely used for piezoelectric energy harvesting due to its load independence properties but suffers from low circuit quality. In recent years, the multi-step (MS) energy extraction strategy has been proposed to reduce electrical dissipation. To offer deeper insights into how the MS strategy improves electrical efficiency and thereby maximizes the potential capacity of the SECE circuit, a theoretical model is developed to analyze the energy flows at the synchronous instants. Based on the theoretical model, the optimal voltage-flip sequences (VFSs) for two-step (2S) and three-step (3S) SECE circuits are determined. Moreover, this method is further extended to a general N-step case using a recursive approach. Good agreement between the experimental and the theoretical results has validated the proposed optimal VFSs. Compared to the standard SECE circuit, the 2S-SECE and 3S-SECE circuits can enhance efficiency by 41.9% and 65.5%, respectively, at an initial voltage of 2.5 V, and harvest additional power of 352 μW and 568 μW when the voltage increases to 40 V. The proposed VFSs provide a valuable reference for optimizing the performance of the MS-SECE circuit.
Evolution from the Kondo phase to the RKKY phase in the small impurity spacing regime of the two-impurity Anderson model
Authors: Du 杜 Hou-Min 厚旻 , Liu 刘 Yu-Liang 玉良
Published: January 2025

Understanding the quantum critical phenomena is one of the most important and challenging tasks in condensed matter physics and the two-impurity Anderson model (TIAM) is a good starting point for this exploration. To this end, we employ the algebraic equation of motion approach to calculate the TIAM and analytically obtain the explicit single-particle impurity Green function under the soft cut-off approximation (SCA). This approach effectively incorporates the impurity spacing as an intrinsic parameter. By solving the pole equations of the Green function, we have, for the first time, qualitatively calculated the spectral weight functions of the corresponding low-energy excitations. We find that when the impurity spacing is less than one lattice distance, the dynamic Rudermann–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction effectively enters, resulting in a rapid increase in the spectral weights of the RKKY phase, which ultimately surpass those of the Kondo phase; while the spectral weights of the Kondo phase are strongly suppressed. From the perspective of spectral weights, we further confirm the existence of a crossover from the Kondo phase to the RKKY phase in the TIAM. Based on these results, the reasons for the phenomenon of the Kondo resonance splitting are also discussed.
Linear and nonlinear resonant properties of electron gas in n-InSb and graphene layers in terahertz range in bias magnetic fields
Authors: Grimalsky V , Rapoport Yu , Koshevaya S , Nosich A , Escobedo-Alatorre J
Published: January 2025

The nonlinear conductivity of 2D electron gas in graphene and 3D electron gas in the narrow-gap n-InSb semiconductor has been simulated in terahertz (THz) range by various methods including the direct quantum approach, the quasi-classical kinetics, and the quasi-relativistic hydrodynamics. These methods yield the same results under the electron temperatures ≤100 K when the kinetic electron effective mass used in the nonlinear hydrodynamics is equal to the effective mass in n-InSb and it is equal to some nonzero mass that depends on 2D electron concentration in the graphene. The linear resonant dependencies of the complex electron conductivity are simulated both from the kinetic theory and from the hydrodynamic one. The kinetic dependencies of the resonant conductivity on frequency coincide with ones obtained from the hydrodynamic theory under realistic electron concentrations and collision frequencies. Thus, the nonlinear hydrodynamic equations are valid to describe the nonlinear dynamics of the electron gas in graphene and in n-InSb. The nonlinear hydrodynamics has been applied for simulations of nonlinear propagation of THz electromagnetic waves through the multilayer structures dielectric - graphene or n-InSb - dielectric placed in a bias magnetic field. The simplest three-layer structures demonstrate the sharp nonlinear switching of the transparency of THz waves and the bistability under relatively low values of amplitudes of the incident electromagnetic wave.
The effect of additive biomaterials on the printability and characterization of PCL-based composite scaffolds fabricated by screw extrusion 3D printing
Authors: Phung Lan Xuan , Le Bang Thi , Nguyen Phuong Mai Thi , Nguyen Huyen Trang Thi , Nguyen Trung Kien
Published: January 2025

To enhance cell adhesion and cell interactions for diverse tissue engineering applications, polycaprolactone (PCL) has been integrated with few biomaterials such as ceramic (i.e. tricalcium phosphate - TCP), hydrogel (i.e. sodium alginate - SA), and synthetic polymer materials (i.e. polyethylene glycol - PEG). Each type of additive material presents typical characteristics, the comparison among these three biomaterial types is currently inadequate. In this study, a 3D printer using direct powder screw extrusion technique was applied for fabricating three types of PCL-based composite scaffolds (namely, PCL-PEG, PCL-SA, and PCL-TCP) which are representative of each type of additive material. The experimental evaluation on the printability, scaffold morphology, surface roughness, hydrophobicity, and cell proliferation of these PCL-based composite scaffolds were compared under the same conditions. The results demonstrated that the additive materials with an amount from 20 wt% have a notable effect on the printability of PCL matrix material and significant enhancement of cell proliferation. The incorporation of PEG with PCL is the most effective choice to increase the hydrophilicity of the scaffold surface. The PCL-SA scaffold provided a more favorable environment for cells at the initial stage, whereas the PCL-TCP scaffold demonstrated superior cell proliferation over time. These findings also demonstrate the feasibility of a direct powder screw extrusion printhead on 3D printing for composite scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.
Automate cancer synoptic reporting with HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and JavaScript
Authors: Duan Aaron , Guo Kevin , Guo Huazhang
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The College of American Pathologists (CAP) Cancer Protocols are developed to facilitate cancer synoptic reporting. CAP offers these Cancer Protocols in both free printable and commercially licensed electronic formats. Several academic institutions have also implemented these Cancer Protocols as web-based services. Due to financial and technical limitations, many resource-limited pathology laboratories still rely on the free printable Cancer Protocols that involve extensive text editing and secretarial support, and they are error-prone.

This study

implemented low-cost, low-barrier, and flexible electronic CAP Cancer Protocols to automate cancer synoptic reporting.

Methods

For each printable CAP Cancer Protocol, a dynamic data entry form is created using HyperText Markup Language (HTML) with embedded JavaScript, which is then presented in a web browser for pathologists to enter cancer case-specific information. Once the data entry form is complete, the case-specific information entered by the pathologists will be collected, and a synoptic report will be automatically created in the web browser by a companion JavaScript program. The synoptic report can then be copied into the corresponding pathology report.

Results

We implemented the commonly used CAP Cancer Protocols into electronic form using HTML/JavaScript. Using this tool, our pathologist reported at least 50% time savings compared to the previous manual process.

Conclusions

The proposed HTML/JavaScript-based Cancer Protocols are low-cost, low-barrier, and flexible alternatives to current commercially and academically available electronic CAP Cancer Protocols, especially for pathologists working in resource-limited laboratories. The same implementation methods can also be extended to implement international variants of Cancer Protocols, including non-English Cancer Protocols.
Effect of ultrafine CO2 bubbles on Euglena gracilis Z growth with CO2 gas bubble size and chlorophyll content
Authors: Suzuki-Nagata Shino , Mase Nobuyuki , Kozuka Tomoki , Ng Jack C , Suzuki Tetsuya
Published: January 2025

Microalgae have been explored as a viable alternative food source. Among them, Euglena gracilis stands out as a promising single-cell algae. However, the challenge lies in developing more efficient and cost-effective methods for industrial mass production of E. gracilis under controlled culture conditions. Our research aimed to address this by investigating the role of nanotechnology in using fine to ultra-fine bubble CO2 (FB-CO2)—ranging from micrometer to nanometer size—as feeding material to promote cell harvest of E. gracilis Z in autotrophic culture conditions. Our findings suggest that feeding E. gracilis Z with FB-CO2 increased cell growth and chlorophyll content in autotrophic culture conditions. The promotion effect can be attributed to the provision of non-ionized carbon dioxide to the photosynthetic system, which was further enhanced by the dispersion of FB-CO2 in the culture media under acidic conditions.
Human activities and dispersal capacity: key drivers of dung beetle colonization in Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands
Authors: Tonelli Mattia , Lobo Jorge M
Published: January 2025

This study examines how geography, environmental factors, and human history shape the composition of dung beetle assemblages on Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands. We analysed 146 islands (27 in Macaronesia and 119 in the Mediterranean), compiling species inventories from extensive literature. Various environmental factors and species traits, such as body size, geographical range, and nesting behaviours, were evaluated using statistical methods, including Simple Matching Coefficient and k-means clustering, to assess species colonization capacities and biogeographical patterns. Our results show that dung beetle assemblages on these islands are more similar to those of the European mainland than to those inhabiting North Africa or the Middle East, particularly on larger and more populated islands. Human-driven processes, including historical colonization, significantly shape the observed trait distributions, diminishing the impact of geographical isolation. Species with traits such as broader geographical ranges, larger body sizes, and paracoprid nesting behaviour exhibited higher colonization success, indicating that species with better dispersal ability and adaptability are more likely to thrive in insular environments. These findings emphasize the complex interplay between natural and human-mediated factors in shaping island biodiversity. Traditional biogeographical theories prioritize isolation as a key driver of species diversity, whereas our study highlights the pivotal role of human activity in facilitating species establishment and persistence. This human influence can override classical island biogeography effects, such as isolation and island size. Our study underscores the need to integrate both ecological and anthropogenic factors when studying island biodiversity and calls for further research into how these forces interact in insular ecosystems.