bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors related to cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Gao Xue , Guo Ying , Zhu Xiaoting , Du Chunlei , Ma Beibei , Cui Yinghua , Wang Shuai
Published: October 2024

Background

Cardiac rupture (CR) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a fatal mechanical complication. The early identification of factors related to CR in high-risk cases may reduce mortality. The purpose of our study was to discover relevant risk factors for CR after AMI and in-hospital mortality from CR.

Methods

In this study, we enrolled 1,699 AMI cases from October 2013 to May 2020. A total of 51 cases were diagnosed with CR. Clinical diagnostic information was recorded and analyzed retrospectively. We randomly matched these cases with AMI patients without CR in a 1:4 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and stratifying analysis were used to identify risk factors for CR. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression hazard analysis and stratifying analysis were used to assess predictors of in-hospital mortality from CR.

Results

The incidence of CR after AMI was 3.0% and in-hospital mortality was approximately 57%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, anterior myocardial infarction, a Killip class of >II, and albumin level were independently associated with CR (p < 0.05). Stratifying analysis showed that age, systolic blood pressure, and bicarbonate were independent risk factors for female CR (p < 0.05) but not male CR. Triglyceride and cardiac troponin I were independent risk factors for male CR (p < 0.05) but not female CR. Anterior myocardial infarction, a Killip class of >II, and neutrophil percentage were independent risk factors for male and female CR (p < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the time from symptom to CR and the site of CR were independent predictors for in-hospital mortality from CR (p < 0.05). Stratification analysis indicated that risk factors did not differ based on gender, but platelet counts were predictors for in-hospital mortality in female and male CR.

Conclusion

Low albumin, a high white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, anterior myocardial infarction, and a Killip class of >II were independent and significant predictors for CR. However, risk factors are different in male and female CR. The time from symptom to CR, the site of CR, and platelet counts were independent predictors for in-hospital mortality from CR. These may be helpful in the early and accurate identification of high-risk patients with CR and the assessment of prognosis. In addition, gender differences should be considered.
Examining the causal association between moderate alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in the Taiwan Biobank: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Chien Pei-Shan , Wong Tzu-Jung , Tai An-Shun , Shr Yau-Huo , Yu Tsung
Published: October 2024

Background

The Mendelian randomization approach uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to study the causal association between the risk factors and health outcomes of interest. We aimed to examine the relation between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk factors using two genetic variants as instrumental variables: alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) rs1229984 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671.

Methods

Using data collected in the Taiwan Biobank—an ongoing, prospective, population-based cohort study—our analysis included 129,032 individuals (46,547 men and 82,485 women) with complete data on ADH1B rs1229984 and ALDH2 rs671 genotypes and alcohol drinking status. We conducted instrumental variables regression analysis to examine the relationship between alcohol drinking and body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc).

Results

In the rs1229984-instrumented analysis, alcohol drinking was only associated with higher levels of SBP in men and lower levels of DBP in women. In the rs671-instrumented analysis, alcohol drinking was associated with higher levels of BMI, SBP, DBP, fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDLc and lower levels of LDLc in men; alcohol drinking was associated with higher levels of HDLc and lower levels of SBP, HbA1c, and triglycerides in women.

Conclusion

Using Mendelian randomization analysis, some of our study results among men echoed findings from the previous systematic review, suggesting that alcohol drinking may be causally associated with higher levels of BMI, SBP, DBP, fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDLc, and lower levels of LDLc. Although alcohol drinking is beneficial to a few cardiovascular risk factors, it is detrimental to many others. The assumptions that underlie the Mendelian randomization approach should also be carefully examined when interpreting findings from such studies.
Monitoring and evaluation of hypotension in the extremely preterm
Authors: Ping Ping , Yu Beimeng , Xu Renjie , Zhao Pingping , He Shuqi
Published: October 2024

With the development of neonatal medicine, more and more extremely preterm infants have been treated. How to deal with hypotension is a big challenge for neonatologist in the process of diagnosis and treatment. The lack of uniformity in the definition of hypotension, challenges in measuring blood pressure accurately, and insufficient consistency between digital hypotension and hypoperfusion are the primary causes. How to check for hypotension and monitor blood pressure is thoroughly explained in the article. To give neonatologists a resource for the clinical management of hypotension in extremely preterm.
The role of the HIV-1 gut reservoir in driving early cardiovascular events in people living with HIV
Authors: Kramer Keri , Michael Amanda , Quiñones Guadalupe , Roa Sebastian , Ribeiro Susan P. , Lahiri Cecile D. , Gavegnano Christina
Published: October 2024

People with HIV (PWH), even when well-controlled on antiretroviral therapy (ART), are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD events including sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction (MI). While PWH may appear virally suppressed in peripheral blood, viral reservoirs persist in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and have been shown to be associated with CVD-related morbidity and mortality. Effective treatments exist for CVD in HIV seronegative persons, but there is an unmet clinical need to address CVD in PWH. Novel therapies are needed to target the drivers of CVD in PWH. This literature review focuses on the role of GALT in HIV infection, inflammatory pathways in HIV-related CVD, and novel therapeutics with potential to address this problem.
Study on the attenuation relationship of the acceleration envelope parameters for the Wenchuan earthquake aftershocks
Authors: Yin Deyu
Published: October 2024

The seismic attenuation relationship between ground motion parameters (such as peak acceleration and response spectra value) and seismic parameters (such as magnitude and epicentral distance) is an important foundation for seismic hazard analysis and the core of determining seismic input parameters for seismic resistance engineering. The acceleration envelope parameters, which describe the relationship between ground motion intensity and time variation, are primarily used for artificially synthesizing seismic motion. At present, little research has been performed on the attenuation relationship of acceleration envelope parameters in the Longmenshan fault zone on the eastern side of the Tibetan Plateau in China. Therefore, this study selected the Mw4-6 aftershock records of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on the Longmenshan fault zone and established a commonly used three segment envelope model parameter attenuation relationship. We classified aftershock records based on their source mechanisms and obtained attenuation relationship models for thrust slip aftershocks, thrust and strike slip aftershocks, and strike slip aftershocks. The results are as follows: (1) The thrust slip aftershock records had the longest rising stage which is the time difference from the arrival of P-waves to the beginning of the stable sustained stage of seismic motion. Thrust and strike slip aftershocks records had the longest stable sustained stage period and the slowest attenuation at the tail of the record. (2) The attenuation relationship of the acceleration envelope parameters commonly used in Chinese engineering for artificially synthesizing seismic motion is based on the strong earthquake records in the western United States. But, compared to the attenuation characteristics of the acceleration envelope function in the western United States, the Mw4-6 earthquake records on the Longmenshan fault zone had a slower attenuation rate at the tail of the record. So, accurately artificially synthesizing seismic motion through envelope parameter attenuation model requires the use of attenuation model established by earthquake records in this region.
Perception of the elementary mathematics teachers about assessment for learning: a case study of Sukkur IBA community colleges, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Sahito Zafarullah , Özer Özen , Abro Ghulam A. , Junejo Kausar A.
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explore the perceptions of elementary mathematics teachers regarding assessment for learning (AfL). The participants of this study included three elementary mathematics teachers, each with over 5 years of teaching experience at Sukkur IBA community colleges and schools in Sindh, Pakistan. These participants were selected using purposive sampling techniques. A qualitative exploratory case study research approach was used, with data collected through semi-structured interviews and observations. To ensure the trustworthiness of the study, the interview guide and observation checklist were reviewed by experts. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of this study revealed that teachers had a limited understanding of the concept of assessment for learning. Based on these results, the study recommends several measures: the initiation of an assessment literacy program, an increase in class time, reducing the number of students per class, using moveable chairs to enhance classroom flexibility, and making amendments to the assessment policy.
Spatial processes dominate the metacommunity structure and diversity of macroinvertebrates in the waters of eastern China
Authors: Zheng Biao , Tian Shuang , Sun Bingjiao , Gao Xin , Han Wennuo , Wu Bin , Hu Sheng , Li Zhao
Published: October 2024

The emergence of metacommunity theory has provided a framework for studying the spatial structure of biological communities. To unravel the underlying driving mechanisms of macroinvertebrate metacommunity structure and diversity, this paper evaluates macroinvertebrate data from a water body in eastern China using variance decomposition and stratified partitioning. The results suggest that spatial processes dominate macroinvertebrate metacommunity structure, while the combined effects of spatial processes, aquatic environment, and geoclimatic factors also explain part of the macroinvertebrate community structure. Spatial processes, aquatic environment, and geoclimatic factors significantly influenced macroinvertebrate alpha diversity and indirectly influenced beta diversity through alpha diversity. Therefore, the significant effects of spatial processes and geoclimatic variables cannot be ignored in biological assessments, especially biodiversity assessments. Our findings elucidate the metacommunity dynamics in the region and provide crucial information for conservation planning in riverine ecosystems.
Improving long-term kidney allograft survival by rethinking HLA compatibility: from molecular matching to non-HLA genes
Authors: Mattoo Aprajita , Jaffe Ian S. , Keating Brendan , Montgomery Robert A. , Mangiola Massimo
Published: October 2024

Optimizing immunologic compatibility in organ transplantation extends beyond the conventional approach of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antigen matching, which exhibits significant limitations. A broader comprehension of the roles of classical and non-classical HLA genes in transplantation is imperative for enhancing long-term graft survival. High-resolution molecular HLA genotyping, despite its inherent challenges, has emerged as the cornerstone for precise patient-donor compatibility assessment. Leveraging understanding of eplet biology and indirect immune activation, eplet mismatch calculators and the PIRCHE-II algorithm surpass traditional methods in predicting allograft rejection. Understanding minor histocompatibility antigens may also present an opportunity to personalize the compatibility process. While the application of molecular matching in deceased donor organ allocation presents multiple technical, logistical, and conceptual barriers, rendering it premature for mainstream use, several other areas of donor-recipient matching and post-transplant management are ready to incorporate molecular matching. Provision of molecular mismatch scores to physicians during potential organ offer evaluations could potentially amplify long-term outcomes. The implementation of molecular matching in living organ donation and kidney paired exchange programs is similarly viable. This article will explore the current understanding of immunologic matching in transplantation and the potential applications of epitope and non-epitope molecular biology and genetics in clinical transplantation.
Prenatal finding of isolated ventricular septal defect: genetic association, outcomes and counseling
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhang Qian , Lu Man , Feng Qiuxia , Qin Litao , Liao Shixiu
Published: October 2024

The innovation in ultrasound has greatly promoted the prenatal diagnosis of ventricular septal defect. As a minor lesion of congenital heart disease, the prenatal genetic counseling of isolated ventricular septal defect faces some challenges, including the true genetic correlationship, selection of appropriated testing methods to identify deleterious mutations, and avoidance of overdiagnosis and overintervention. Researchers have explored the prenatal diagnosis efficiency of commonly used cytogenetic and molecular genetic technologies. Small insertions/deletions and monogenic variants with phenotypic heterogeneity play important role and contribute to the comprehend of pathogenesis. Isolated ventricular septal defect fetuses without genetic finding and extracardiac structural abnormality generally have good pregnancy outcome. Long-term follow-up data is needed to describe the comprehensive map, such as the potential missed diagnosis especially late-onset syndromes, the impact on the quality of life and life expectancy. When conducting prenatal genetic counseling, strict adherence to ethical principles is needed to ensure that the rights of all parties involved are fully protected. Clinicians should carefully evaluate the risks and benefits and provide parents with sufficient information and advice to enable them to make informed decisions.
Haptoglobin buffers lipopolysaccharides to delay activation of NFκB
Authors: Zein Laura , Grossmann Josina , Swoboda Helena , Borgel Christina , Wilke Bernhard , Awe Stephan , Nist Andrea , Stiewe Thorsten , Stehling Oliver , Freibert Sven-Andreas , Adhikary Till , Chung Ho-Ryun
Published: October 2024

It has remained yet unclear which soluble factors regulate the anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype observed in both homeostasis and tumourigenesis. We show here that haptoglobin, a major serum protein with elusive immunoregulatory properties, binds and buffers bacterial lipopolysaccharides to attenuate activation of NFκB in macrophages. Haptoglobin binds different lipopolysaccharides with low micromolar affinities. Given its abundance, haptoglobin constitutes a buffer for serum-borne lipopolysaccharides, shielding them to safeguard against aberrant inflammatory reactions by reducing the amount of free lipopolysaccharides available for binding to TLR4. Concordantly, NFκB activation by haptoglobin-associated lipopolysaccharides was markedly delayed relative to stimulation with pure lipopolysaccharide. Our findings warrant evaluation of therapeutic benefits of haptoglobin for inflammatory conditions and re-evaluation of purification strategies. Finally, they allow to elucidate mechanisms of enhanced immunosuppression by oncofetal haptoglobin.
ELISA-R: an R-based method for robust ELISA data analysis
Authors: Dutt Taru S. , Spencer John S. , Karger Burton R. , Fox Amy , Obregon-Henao Andres , Podell Brendan K. , Anderson G. Brooke , Henao-Tamayo Marcela
Published: October 2024

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a technique to detect the presence of an antigen or antibody in a sample. ELISA is a simple and cost-effective method that has been used for evaluating vaccine efficacy by detecting the presence of antibodies against viral/bacterial antigens and diagnosis of disease stages. Traditional ELISA data analysis utilizes a standard curve of known analyte, and the concentration of the unknown sample is determined by comparing its observed optical density against the standard curve. However, in the case of vaccine research for complicated bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), there is no prior information regarding the antigen against which high-affinity antibodies are generated and therefore plotting a standard curve is not feasible. Consequently, the analysis of ELISA data in this instance is based on a comparison between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. However, to the best of our knowledge, no robust data analysis method exists for “non-standard curve” ELISA. In this paper, we provide a straightforward R-based ELISA data analysis method with open access that incorporates end-point titer determination and curve-fitting models. Our modified method allows for direct measurement data input from the instrument, cleaning and arranging the dataset in the required format, and preparing the final report with calculations while leaving the raw data file unchanged. As an illustration of our method, we provide an example from our published data in which we successfully used our method to compare anti-Mtb antibodies in vaccinated vs non-vaccinated mice.
Global hotspots and trends in gut mycological research: a visual analytics and bibliometric approach
Authors: Zhu Wenhao , Chi Jiayu , Zhang Yongde , Wu Dongliang , Xia Xinyu , Liao Xingyu , Xu Kexin , Shi Wenying , Hu Haowen , Wang Wei , Lu Zhiyuan , Zhang Zixu , Liu Yang
Published: October 2024

Background

Recent findings highlight the significant impact of intestinal fungi on the complex makeup of the gut microbiota and human health, challenging past oversights. However, a lack of thorough systematic and quantitative analyses remains. This study aims to address this gap by thoroughly examining the current research on gut fungi. Through analyzing developments and unique features in this area, our goal is to foster a deeper understanding and identify future research pathways.

Methods

We performed an extensive bibliometric analysis on documents from 2000 to 2023, sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Utilizing advanced visualization tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix R, we meticulously examined and illustrated the data in scientific landscapes and networks.

Results

A total of 1434 papers were analyzed, revealing a substantial increase in publication volume over the past two decades, particularly in 2020. Contributions came from 67 countries, 2178 institutions, and 8,479 authors. China led in publication output with 468 articles, followed by the University of California with 84 articles, and ZHANG F as the most prolific author with 17 articles. Emerging research areas such as “Fungal-Bacteria Interactions,” “Gut Fungus and Gut-Brain Axis,” and “Gut Fungus and Immunity” are expected to attract growing interest in the future.

Conclusion

This extensive bibliometric analysis offers a current overview of scholarly efforts concerning intestinal fungi, highlighting the predominant landscape in this field. These insights can assist scholars in identifying appropriate publication avenues, forming collaborative relationships, and enhancing understanding of key themes and emerging areas, thereby stimulating future research endeavors.
Circular RNA TAF4B targeting MFN2 accelerates cell growth in bladder cancer through p27 depression and AKT activation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoting , Xu Jia , Zhuang Guangzhen , Wang Yiting , Li Xiaofeng , Zhu Xiaohui
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common malignancy in the urinary tract. It has high recurrence rates and often requires microscopic examination, which presents significant challenges in clinical treatment. Previous research has shown that circular TAF4B (circTAF4B) is significantly upregulated in BCa and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the specific targets and molecular mechanisms by which circTAF4B functions in BCa are still not well - understood.

Methods

In this study, an RNA pull - down assay and mass spectrometry were utilized to identify MFN2 as a binding protein of circTAF4B. Additionally, siRNA was used to silence MFN2 to observe the amplification of the inhibitory effects of circTAF4B overexpression on cell growth and migration in BCa cells. Moreover, circTAF4B shRNA lentiviral particles were employed to study their impact on BCa progression by examining the regulation of p27 and the blocking of AKT signaling.

Results

It was found that MFN2 is a binding protein of circTAF4B. Silencing MFN2 with siRNA enhanced the inhibitory effects of circTAF4B overexpression on cell growth and migration in BCa cells. Also, circTAF4B shRNA lentiviral particles inhibited BCa progression by upregulating p27 and blocking AKT signaling.

Discussion

In conclusion, the physical binding of circTAF4B to MFN2 is a crucial process in the tumorigenesis and progression of BCa. Targeting circTAF4B or its complexes may have potential as a therapeutic strategy for BCa diagnosis and treatment.
Spatial distribution and fixed-precision sequential sampling plans for Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) adults in primocane raspberry: influence of foliar insecticides
Authors: Toninato Adam G. , Burkness Eric C. , Hutchison William D.
Published: October 2024

The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), an invasive species from northern Japan, was first detected in Minnesota in 1968. According to fruit growers and the Minnesota Department of Agriculture, population size and feeding damage has been an increasing concern since 2010. Based on trap-catch data, populations have recently exceeded 4,000 beetles/trap/week during July-August near raspberry fields, and can increase by an order of magnitude within 7-10 days. The primary goals of this study were to assess the spatial distribution of P. japonica adults in raspberry, and to develop and validate a practical fixed-precision sequential sampling plan for grower use. Taylor’s Power Law (TPL) regression was used to characterize the beetle’s spatial pattern in research plots and commercial fields, either with or without insecticide applications. We then used Green’s plan to develop an enumerative sequential sampling plan to estimate P. japonica density in primocane raspberry. Beetle population data were collected at two locations in southern Minnesota, including the Rosemount Research and Outreach Center, and a commercial field near Forest Lake. The TPL results, via slope comparisons, indicated no significant differences in P. japonica spatial pattern between insecticide treated plots versus untreated plots, or among 4 different insecticides (P>0.05). Utilizing all spatial pattern data, we characterized the distribution of P. japonica beetles to be highly aggregated in raspberry, with TPL slopes ranging from b = 1.38 to 1.55; all slopes were found to be >1.0. Although the slopes were not significantly different, we accounted for variability in spatial pattern by using 33 independent data sets, and the Resampling for Validation of Sampling Plans (RVSP) model to validate a sampling plan with a final average precision level of 0.25 (SEM/mean), recommended for integrated pest management (IPM) purposes. The final sampling plan required an average sample number of only 15, 1-m-row samples, while providing high relative net precision (RNP), and thus a cost-effective, efficient sample plan for growers.
Monitoring low-oxygen-adapted subsurface phytoplankton distribution in a changing ocean
Authors: Cox Isabelle , Brewin Robert J. W. , Sheen Katy , Dall’Olmo Giorgio , Ulloa Osvaldo
Published: October 2024

Recent decadal trends of deoxygenation in the global ocean interior have resulted in the expansion and shoaling of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). When the OMZs upper bound nears the euphotic zone a unique community of phytoplankton, residing in extremely low light (<0.1% surface irradiance) and dissolved oxygen concentrations (<1-2 μmol kg-1), can appear. In this mini-review paper we synthesize our current understanding of the phytoplankton community that resides in an OMZ chlorophyll maximum (OMZ-CM), below the depths of the deep chlorophyll maximum found in permanently and seasonally stratified regions, and its role in OMZ biogeochemical cycles. Uncultivated basal lineages of the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus dominate this community, forming an OMZ-CM that can contribute to integrated stocks of chlorophyll a, in some cases with a similar magnitude to the deep chlorophyll maximum. Photosynthesis by Prochlorococcus in the OMZ-CM provides a significant source of oxygen, that fuels the aerobic oxidation of nitrite and organic matter, impacting elemental biogeochemical cycling, including that of carbon and nitrogen. Yet, on a global scale, there is a lack of understanding and quantification of the spatial distribution of these OMZ-CM, their stocks of phytoplankton, their influence on fluxes of carbon and nitrogen, and how these may respond to climate change. Monitoring the dynamics of the OMZ-CM and biogeochemical cycles in OMZs is challenging, and requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining ship-based observations with autonomous platforms, satellite data, and conceptual models. Only then can the implications of enhanced deoxygenation on the future marine ecosystem be understood.
Robust sensor selection based on maximum correntropy criterion for ocean data reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Qiannan , Wu Huafeng , Liang Li’nian , Mei Xiaojun , Xian Jiangfeng
Published: October 2024

Selecting an optimal subset of sensors that can accurately reconstruct the full state of the ocean can reduce the cost of the monitoring system and improve monitoring efficiency. Typically, in data-driven sensor selection processes, the use of Euclidean distance to evaluate reconstruction error is susceptible to non-Gaussian noise and outliers present in ocean data. This paper proposes a Robust Sensor Selection (RSS) evaluation model based on the Maximum Correntropy Criterion (MCC) through subspace learning, enabling the selection of robust sensor measurement subsets and comprehensive data reconstruction. To more accurately quantify the impact of varying noise magnitudes, noise weights were incorporated into the model’s objective function. Additionally, the local geometric structure of data samples is utilized to further enhance reconstruction accuracy through the selected sensors. Subsequently, the MCC_RSS algorithm is proposed, which employs the Block Coordinate Update (BCU) method to achieve the optimal solution for the proposed model. Experiments conducted using ocean temperature and salinity datasets validate the proposed MCC_RSS algorithm. The results demonstrate that the sensor selection method proposed in this paper exhibits strong robustness, outperforming comparative methods under varying proportions of outliers and non-Gaussian noise.
Understanding long COVID: prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldhawyan Adam F. , BuSaad Mohammed A. , Almaghlouth Nawaf E. , Alnasser Abdullah H. , Alnasser Jomana A. , Almansour Abdulelah H. , AlHarkan Khalid S.
Published: October 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly raised public health concerns and efforts to limit its spread, impacting societies and health systems worldwide. As challenges persist, the emergence of Long COVID (LC) marks a turning point in understanding the pandemic’s long-term effects.

Aim

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LC in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and explore factors contributing to its persistence.

Methods

This descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was carried out between December 1, 2023, and March 1, 2024, involving 1,355 patients who recovered from COVID-19. Participants were conveniently chosen and information was gathered through in-person interviews in public settings after obtaining consent.

Results

A majority of the patients (N = 1,355; 47.5% female; 93.8% Saudis; mean Age ± SD 33.13 ± 12.60 years) had received three COVID-19 vaccine doses (89.5%). Women experienced 17.4% more LC symptoms than men (p < 0.001). The risk of having a higher symptom count increased by 42.5% 12 months after acute COVID-19 infection compared with baseline (<3 months, p < 0.001). A higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with more symptoms (1.1% increase per unit, p = 0.004). More acute-phase symptoms correlated with more LC symptoms (p < 0.001). Higher educational attainment reduced LC risk by 33% (p < 0.001). Finally, age and vaccination status had no effect on LC symptoms count (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Sociodemographic and clinical factors contribute differently to the chances of having LC and the count of symptoms. Awareness of such factors could provide insight into improving management, leading to better health outcomes.
Progress of rituximab in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis
Authors: Mo Shouqi , Li Yilan , He Junbing , Lin Ling
Published: October 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, often leading to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly due to lupus nephritis (LN). The standard therapeutic approach involving mycophenolate mofetil, cyclophosphamide, and glucocorticoids has shown limitations due to cumulative toxicity and side effects. The introduction of biologic agents, especially rituximab (RTX), a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting CD20+ B cells, has revolutionized the treatment landscape. This review synthesized the current understanding of B cells’ role in SLE and LN and evaluates RTX’s therapeutic impact. B cells contribute to disease pathogenesis through autoantibody production and immune complex formation, leading to tissue damage. RTX’s mechanisms of action, including Complement-Dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and induction of apoptosis, have demonstrated efficacy in both SLE and LN treatment. Clinical studies have reported remission rates and improved renal outcomes with RTX use, although challenges such as human anti-chimeric antibody development and optimal dosing persist. The review emphasized the need for continued research to elucidate RTX’s long-term benefits and risks, and to explore personalized treatment strategies that incorporate B cell biology for better disease management in SLE and LN.
The causal relationship between gut microbiota and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis combined with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Xu Qiyang , Fang Jihong , Wang Yi , Lang Dehai , Xu Bin
Published: October 2024

Background

Over the years, numerous studies have explored the relationship between gut microbiota and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The present study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal link between gut microbiota and LEDVT combined with PE.

Methods

Human gut microbiota genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the MiBioGen consortium (n = 18,340) were utilized. Summary-level data on LEDVT (2,116 cases and 359,078 controls) and LEDVT combined with PE (4,319 cases and 356,875 controls) were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project. MR analysis was conducted using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis. Additionally, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode were employed as supplementary methods. Sensitivity analyses, including tests for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, were performed. Lastly, reverse MR analysis was performed.

Results

The IVW analyses revealed seven causal relationships between genetic liability in the gut microbiota and LEDVT and five causal relationships between genetic liability in the gut microbiota and LEDVT combined with PE. The intersection of these outcomes identified that the genus Butyricicoccus reduced the risk of both LEDVT and LEDVT combined with PE, while the genus Clostridium innocuum increased the risk for both conditions.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the gut microbiota is causally associated with LEDVT and LEDVT combined with PE. Our findings provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and suggest potential avenues for further clinical investigations of these conditions.
Proteomics fingerprinting reveals importance of iron and oxidative stress in Streptomyces scabies–Solanum tuberosum interactions
Authors: Giroux Lauriane , Isayenka Iauhenia , Lerat Sylvain , Beaudoin Nathalie , Beaulieu Carole
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The Gram-positive actinobacterium Streptomyces scabies is the major causal agent of potato common scab. The main pathogenicity factor is thaxtomin A, a phytotoxin that causes atypical cell death, although other secondary metabolites have been described to play a role in S. scabies virulence. Despite this, many aspects of the interaction between S. scabies and its primary host Solanum tuberosum L. remain to be elucidated.

Methods

Intracellular proteins of S. scabies EF-35 grown in the presence of in vitro produced tubers (microtubers) of the Russet Burbank and Yukon Gold potato cultivars were extracted and analysed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ES MS/MS). Based on the results of proteomic analysis, iron quantification by ICP-MS and nitrite quantification using Griess reagent in growth media as well as RT-qPCR analysis of the siderophore pyochelin gene expression were performed in the presence and absence of microtubers. Hydrogen peroxide accumulation was also determined in the nutrient medium used for co-cultivation of bacteria and potato microtubers.

Results

Potato microtubers caused an increase in the content of bacterial proteins involved in stress and defense, secondary metabolism, and cell differentiation, as well as secreted proteins. Co-cultivation with potato microtubers induced the accumulation of S. scabies proteins implicated in siderophore pyochelin biosynthesis, nitrite production and oxidative stress perception and response. The increase in the abundance of proteins related to pyochelin biosynthesis was consistent with a significant decrease in the iron content in the culture medium, as well as with induction of expression of pyochelin biosynthesis genes. Elevated nitrite/sulfite reductase protein levels were associated with increased nitrite excretion by S. scabies cells in the presence of host microtubers. The increase in the levels of proteins associated with signaling and oxidative stress response could have been caused by the accumulation of ROS, in particular hydrogen peroxide, detected in the studied system.

Discussion

These findings show that interactions of S. scabies with living potato microtubers induce the production of secondary metabolites, defense responses, and protection from oxidative stress. This study suggests the importance of iron during host - S. scabies interactions, resulting in competition between pathogen and its host.
Evaluation of functional plant growth-promoting activities of culturable rhizobacteria associated to tunicate maize (Zea mays var. tunicata A. St. Hil), a Mexican exotic landrace grown in traditional agroecosystems
Authors: Rivera-Hernández Geovanny , Tijerina-Castro Guillermo Daniel , Cortés-Pérez Sandra , Ferrera-Cerrato Ronald , Alarcón Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Tunicate maize (Zea mays var. tunicata A. St. Hil) is a landrace that constitutes a fundamental aspect of the socio-cultural identity of Ixtenco, Tlaxcala (Mexico) and represents an exotic phenotype whose kernels are enclosed in leaflike glumes. Despite multiple studies conducted worldwide on plant growth-promoting-rhizobacteria (PGPR) in commercial maize varieties grown under monoculture systems, very little is known about bacteria inhabiting native maize landraces in agroecosystems, but for tunicate maize such knowledge is non-existent. This research described and profiled functional groups of culturable rhizobacteria from tunicate maize at two phenological stages (tasseling and maturity/senescence) in a polyculture system, highlighting potential PGPR for biotechnological purposes. Ninety-five rhizobacteria were isolated and molecularly identified, and their physiological activities such as plant growth promotion, production of exogenous lytic enzymes, and antagonism against fungal pathogens were determined. The culturable rhizobacterial community associated to tunicate maize comprised 42 genera, dominated by Bacillaceae, Comamonadaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Micrococcaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Rhizobaceae families. At tasseling stage, the identified bacteria corresponded to Arthrobacter, Priestia, Herbaspirillum, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium, and exhibited redundant capabilities for stimulating plant growth and nutrition, and inhibiting fungal phytopathogens. At maturity/senescence stage, the main genera Arthrobacter and Microbacterium displayed lytic capabilities to support mineralization process. We recorded potential novel rhizosphere functional bacteria such as Rhizobium, Sphingobium, and Arthrobacter which are not previously described associated to maize landraces, as well as their bioprospection as PGPR detected at plant phenological stages poorly explored (like maturity/senescence). This taxonomic and functional diversity was attributed to the application of agricultural practices as well as the rhizosphere effect during specific phenological stages. Results described the diversity and functionality of culturable rhizosphere bacteria from tunicate maize in polyculture systems that allowed us the detection of potential rhizobacteria for further developing of biofertilizers and biocontrollers directed as biotechnology for sustainable agriculture, and for generating strategies for conservation of native plants and their microbial genetic resources.
Genetically predicted 486 blood metabolites in relation to risk of esophageal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jia Caiyan , Yi Dan , Ma Mingze , Xu Qian , Ou Yan , Kong Fanming , Jia Yingjie
Published: October 2024

Background and Objective

Enhancing therapy choices for varying stages of esophageal cancer and improving patient survival depend on timely and precise diagnosis. Blood metabolites may play a role in either causing or preventing esophageal cancer, but further research is needed to determine whether blood metabolites constitute a genetic risk factor for the disease. In order to tackle these problems, we evaluated the causal association between esophageal cancer and 486 blood metabolites that functioned as genetic proxies using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods

We utilized two-sample MR analyses to evaluate the causal links between blood metabolites and esophageal cancer. For the exposure, we used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 486 metabolites, and a GWAS study on esophageal cancer from Sakaue et al. was used for preliminary analyses. Causal analyses employed randomized inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the main method, supplemented by MR-Egger and weighted median (WM) analyses. Sensitivity analyses included the MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran Q test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis. Additionally, independent esophageal cancer GWAS data were utilized for replication and meta-analysis. FDR correction was applied to discern features with causal relationships. For conclusive metabolite identification, we conducted Steiger tests, linkage disequilibrium score regression, and colocalization analyses. Moreover, we utilized the program MetaboAnalyst 5.0 to analyze metabolic pathways.

Results

This study found an important association between esophageal cancer and three metabolites: 1-linoleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine* [odds ratio (OR) = 3.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42–7.26, p < 0.01], pyroglutamine* (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.17–3.17, p < 0.01), and laurate (12:0) (OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.38–6.78, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

This study establishes a causal link between three defined blood metabolites and esophageal cancer, offering fresh insights into its pathogenesis.
Disparities in structural brain imaging in older adults from rural communities in Southern Nevada
Authors: Zhuang Xiaowei , Cordes Dietmar , Caldwell Jessica Z. K. , Bender Andrew R. , Miller Justin B.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Identifying the associations between rural-living or neighborhood disadvantage and neurobiology may clarify rural–urban disparities in older adults with cognitive impairment related to Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods

We examined rural–urban differences and neighborhood disadvantages in brain cortical thickness (CT) measures among 71 rural and 87 urban-dwelling older adults. Analysis of covariance was used to test each FreeSurfer-derived CT measures’ associations with rural–urban living, clinical impairment status, and their interactions. Post-hoc linear regressions were used to test the association between CT measures and neighborhood disadvantage index.

Results

Rural-dwelling older adults had thinner cortices in temporal and inferior frontal regions compared to urban participants, especially among clinically normal participants, where the thinner temporal cortex further correlated with higher neighborhood disadvantage. Conversely, rural participants had thicker cortices in superior frontal, parietal and occipital regions.

Discussion

Our results suggest a complex interplay between community contexts and neurobiology. For memory-related regions, rural-living and neighborhood disadvantage might be negatively associated with subjects’ brain structures.
Technological interventions in European dementia care: a systematic review of acceptance and attitudes among people living with dementia, caregivers, and healthcare workers
Authors: Sorrentino Michele , Fiorilla Claudio , Mercogliano Michelangelo , Esposito Federica , Stilo Irene , Affinito Giuseppina , Moccia Marcello , Lavorgna Luigi , Salvatore Elena , Maida Elisabetta , Barbi Elisa , Triassi Maria , Palladino Raffaele
Published: October 2024

Background

Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative forms of dementia affect 8 million Europeans. Assistive technologies are suggested to reduce the burden of care and improve the quality of life of person living with dementia. Nonetheless, the acceptance and attitudes toward technological interventions pose challenges not only for people living with dementia and caregivers but also for healthcare workers. This review specifically aims to investigate how these key groups perceive and accept technology in European dementia care settings.

Methods

This systematic review was conducted to identify studies, published between 2013 and 2023, that examined the acceptance and attitude of assistive technologies in Alzheimer’s and other dementia European settings, following the PRISMA guidelines. Rayyan AI was used for data extraction, and bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results

Among the 1,202 identified articles, 13 met the inclusion criteria, revealing a prevailing positivity toward technological interventions in dementia care. Nonetheless, several barriers to adoption, including technological unfamiliarity, and specific dementia-related symptoms that complicate usage were identified. They also unveiled varying attitudes, influenced by factors such as familiarity with technologies, perceived usefulness, and the broader context of the COVID-19 pandemic which accelerated telemedicine and digital solution acceptance during restricted mobility and social distancing.

Conclusion

Understanding attitudes toward technology in dementia care is crucial as it influences the adoption and utilization of tech-based interventions, impacting symptom management and quality of life. Addressing these attitudes through tailored interventions and education can enhance well-being and quality of life for people living with dementia, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.
MAD—microbial (origin of) Alzheimer’s disease hypothesis: from infection and the antimicrobial response to disruption of key copper-based systems
Authors: Min Jin-Hong , Sarlus Heela , Harris Robert A.
Published: October 2024

Microbes have been suspected to cause Alzheimer’s disease since at least 1908, but this has generally remained unpopular in comparison to the amyloid hypothesis and the dominance of Aβ and Tau. However, evidence has been accumulating to suggest that these earlier theories are but a manifestation of a common cause that can trigger and interact with all the major molecular players recognized in AD. Aβ, Tau and ApoE, in particular appear to be molecules with normal homeostatic functions but also with alternative antimicrobial functions. Their alternative functions confer the non-immune specialized neuron with some innate intracellular defenses that appear to be re-appropriated from their normal functions in times of need. Indeed, signs of infection of the neurons by biofilm-forming microbial colonies, in synergy with herpes viruses, are evident from the clinical and preclinical studies we discuss. Furthermore, we attempt to provide a mechanistic understanding of the AD landscape by discussing the antimicrobial effect of Aβ, Tau and ApoE and Lactoferrin in AD, and a possible mechanistic link with deficiency of vital copper-based systems. In particular, we focus on mitochondrial oxidative respiration via complex 4 and ceruloplasmin for iron homeostasis, and how this is similar and possibly central to neurodegenerative diseases in general. In the case of AD, we provide evidence for the microbial Alzheimer’s disease (MAD) theory, namely that AD could in fact be caused by a long-term microbial exposure or even long-term infection of the neurons themselves that results in a costly prolonged antimicrobial response that disrupts copper-based systems that govern neurotransmission, iron homeostasis and respiration. Finally, we discuss potential treatment modalities based on this holistic understanding of AD that incorporates the many separate and seemingly conflicting theories. If the MAD theory is correct, then the reduction of microbial exposure through use of broad antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments could potentially alleviate AD although this requires further clinical investigation.