bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Roundtable Discussion: Nora Jaffary’s Reproduction and Its Discontents in Mexico
Authors: Dyck Erika
Published: November 2019

The following is a brief introduction to the papers that accompanied the roundtable discussion for the Ferguson Prize Winner. The recipient in 2018 was Nora Jaffary’s Reproduction and its Discontents in Mexico: Childbirth and Contraception from 1750 to 1905.
From Colonial Silences to Republican Publicities: Medicine, Women’s Bodies, and the Modern State in Nora Jaffary’s Reproduction and Its Discontents
Authors: Holler Jacqueline
Published: November 2019

Nora Jaffary’s Reproduction and Its Discontents surveys reproduction in Mexico between 1750 and 1905, proceeding through a systematic reconstruction of varied topics: perceptions of virginity; pregnancy, conception, and birth attendance; contraception and abortion; infanticide; monstrous births; and finally, the emergence of obstetrics and gynecology. Jaffary deftly synthesizes these themes to advance a clear and compelling argument: that in Mexico, scrutiny, surveillance, and control of women’s reproductive bodies increased apace with scientific modernity; and that modernity was marked by a conflation of reproduction with national identity and destiny. This article reviews the work’s contributions and engages with several methodological and historiographical themes: the way in which Jaffary interprets documentary silences and absences; the role of the nineteenth-century church and its apparent withdrawal from public debate on matters of reproduction; and publicity and the agency of the public in shaping new attitudes toward reproduction. Jaffary’s book makes significant contributions to the growing literature on gender, the public sphere, and the state in nineteenth-century Latin America. Reproduction and Its Discontents immeasurably enhances our understanding of modernizing Mexico and contributes to our knowledge of the particularly Latin American tropes of modernity.
Propiedad intelectual y 'Pasapalabra'
Authors: Cruz María del Carmen
Published: November 2019

Afortunadamente, cada vez más, en los medios de comunicación se pueden leer noticias respecto al incumplimiento de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. Y decimos «afortunadamente» entendiendo que el plagio se ha cometido toda la vida, pero con anterioridad o se guardaba silencio o no era tan fácil su detección como lo puede ser hoy en día con la ayuda de las aplicaciones antiplagio.
Simulación de una mesa de mezclas
Authors: Melenchón Maldonado Javier
Published: November 2019

Simulación de una mesa de mezclas, donde se puede ver a ésta acompañada de un estudio de grabación en el que existen diferentes fuentes de sonido.
Introducción a Processing
Authors: Berga Quelic
Published: November 2019

En este recurso se presenta el programa Processing. Se presentan sus orígenes, el contexto en el que se desarrolló, recursos y enlaces para ver ejemplos, aprender y ampliar las posibilidades de este.
Creación de una comunidad online
Authors: Ybáñez Domínguez Ainhoa
Published: November 2019

Ainhoa Ybáñez nos presenta en este número su trabajo final de Grado, que consiste en la creación de una comunidad en castellano dirigida a los usuarios de habla hispana del videojuego Everquest 2.
Alpha/beta power decreases track the fidelity of stimulus-specific information
Authors: Griffiths Benjamin James , Mayhew Stephen D , Mullinger Karen J , Jorge João , Charest Ian , Wimber Maria , Hanslmayr Simon
Published: November 2019

Massed synchronised neuronal firing is detrimental to information processing. When networks of task-irrelevant neurons fire in unison, they mask the signal generated by task-critical neurons. On a macroscopic level, such synchronisation can contribute to alpha/beta (8–30 Hz) oscillations. Reducing the amplitude of these oscillations, therefore, may enhance information processing. Here, we test this hypothesis. Twenty-one participants completed an associative memory task while undergoing simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings. Using representational similarity analysis, we quantified the amount of stimulus-specific information represented within the BOLD signal on every trial. When correlating this metric with concurrently-recorded alpha/beta power, we found a significant negative correlation which indicated that as post-stimulus alpha/beta power decreased, stimulus-specific information increased. Critically, we found this effect in three unique tasks: visual perception, auditory perception, and visual memory retrieval, indicating that this phenomenon transcends both stimulus modality and cognitive task. These results indicate that alpha/beta power decreases parametrically track the fidelity of both externally-presented and internally-generated stimulus-specific information represented within the cortex.
Mechanisms of hyperexcitability in Alzheimer’s disease hiPSC-derived neurons and cerebral organoids vs isogenic controls
Authors: Ghatak Swagata , Dolatabadi Nima , Trudler Dorit , Zhang XiaoTong , Wu Yin , Mohata Madhav , Ambasudhan Rajesh , Talantova Maria , Lipton Stuart A
Published: November 2019

Human Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains and transgenic AD mouse models manifest hyperexcitability. This aberrant electrical activity is caused by synaptic dysfunction that represents the major pathophysiological correlate of cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanism for this excessive excitability remains incompletely understood. To investigate the basis for the hyperactivity, we performed electrophysiological and immunofluorescence studies on hiPSC-derived cerebrocortical neuronal cultures and cerebral organoids bearing AD-related mutations in presenilin-1 or amyloid precursor protein vs. isogenic gene corrected controls. In the AD hiPSC-derived neurons/organoids, we found increased excitatory bursting activity, which could be explained in part by a decrease in neurite length. AD hiPSC-derived neurons also displayed increased sodium current density and increased excitatory and decreased inhibitory synaptic activity. Our findings establish hiPSC-derived AD neuronal cultures and organoids as a relevant model of early AD pathophysiology and provide mechanistic insight into the observed hyperexcitability.
Expresión de la sorpresa, miratividad y gramaticalización de verbos inacusativos en español
Authors: Kornfeld Laura Malena
Published: November 2019

El presente trabajo pretende analizar en detalle el comportamiento morfosintáctico de un conjunto de construcciones gramaticalizadas que permiten expresar la sorpresa en español, en particular el de Argentina. Entre esas construcciones incluimos las perífrasis del español general ir a + infinitivo y venir a + infinitivo que, pese a tener un significado eminentemente aspectual, codifican también el carácter sorpresivo o inesperado del evento. También nos detenemos en estructuras no perifrásticas que expresan en forma más o menos enfática la sorpresa e involucran el verbo ir (o variantes) combinado con otras palabras funcionales, como conjunciones o negación: va y… (y sus variantes viene y…, agarra y…), no va y…, no va que…. Luego de revisar esos datos, presentamos someramente la discusión teórica actual (aun no saldada) sobre la naturaleza de la miratividad e incorporamos el caso de una expresión inequívocamente mirativa, había sido (que), tal como aparece en dos variedades no estándares: el español rural de América del Sur y el español en contacto con guaraní, revisando su análisis en Avellana (2012, 2013), basada a su vez en la cartografía de las proyecciones funcionales de Cinque (1999) y Cinque & Rizzi (2016). Finalmente, sistematizamos nuestro propio análisis sobre las construcciones del español, tomando en cuenta los rasgos semánticos ligados a la miratividad (según Aikhenvald 2012), sus posiciones respecto de las proyecciones funcionales de Aspecto y Modo y el proceso de gramaticalización de verbos inacusativos, principalmente ir.
¿Por qué las cópulas son auxiliares?
Authors: Gómez Rubio Joshua
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Copulas work as auxiliary verbs in Spanish and in other languages. In this article, we will argue in favor of this property being due to the absence of lexical content of the copula verb be1 (Sp. ‘ser’), on the one hand, and the aspectual content of the verb be2 (Sp. ‘estar’), on the other hand.
Stress-induced changes in the expression of antioxidant system genes for rice (Oryza sativa L.) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Ermakov Anton , Bobrovskikh Aleksandr , Zubairova Ulyana , Konstantinov Dmitrii , Doroshkov Alexey
Published: November 2019

Background

Plant cell metabolism inevitably forms reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage cells or lead to their death. The antioxidant system (AOS) evolved to eliminate a high concentration of ROS. For plants, this system consists of the seven classes of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant compounds. Each enzymatic class contains a various number of genes which may vary from species to species. In such a multi-copy genetic system, the integration of evolutionary characteristics and expression data makes it possible to effectively predict promising breeding targets for the design of highly-yielding cultivars. In the plant cells, ROS production can increase as a result of abiotic stresses. Accordingly, AOS responds to stress by altering the expression of the genes of its components. Expression profiles of AOS enzymes, including their changes under stress, remains incomplete. A comprehensive study of the system behavior in response to stress for different species gives the key to identify the general mechanisms of AOS regulation. In this article, we studied stress-induced changes in the expression of AOS genes in photosynthetic tissues for rice and bread wheat.

Methods

A meta-analysis of genome-wide transcriptome data on stress-induced changes in expression profiles of antioxidant genes using microarray and next generation sequencing (NGS) experiments from the GEO NCBI database for rice and bread wheat was carried out. Experimental study of expression changes in short (6 h) and prolonged (24 h) cold stress responses for selected AOS genes of bread wheat cultivars Saratovskaya29 and Yanetzkis Probat was conducted using qPCR.

Results

The large-scale meta-transcriptome and complementary experimental analysis revealed a summary of fold changes in the AOS gene expression in response to cold and water deficiency for rice and bread wheat.
Taxonomic assessment of species of the genus Octopus from the northeastern Pacific via morphological, molecular and morphometric analyses
Authors: Díaz-Santana-Iturrios Mariana , Salinas-Zavala César Augusto , García-Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Granados-Amores Jasmín
Published: November 2019

Species of the genus Octopus from the northeastern Pacific are ecologically and economically important; however, their taxonomy is confusing and has not been comprehensively assessed. In this study, we performed a taxonomic evaluation of these species considering the morphological characteristics of the original descriptions, a molecular analysis of partial COI-gene sequences, and a traditional morphometry analysis of nine body measurements. Several interesting findings were obtained with our results: for instance, we updated the diagnoses of some species by including characters such as the number of lamellae per demibranch and the presence of chromatophores in the visceral sac; we deposited partial COI-gene sequences of species that had not been incorporated into the GenBank repository; and according to the morphometric analysis, we confirmed that the lengths of arms I–IV are relevant to discriminate the species under study. The taxa evaluated were morphologically, molecularly and morphometrically well-delimited; however, features such as funnel organ shape and arm length proportions in regard to dorsal mantle length are either not included in the diagnosis of the genus Octopus or overlap with other genera. Hence, this information, combined with the results obtained from the molecular analysis, supports the generic re-assignation of two of the species evaluated.
Life history response of Echinops gmelinii Turcz. to variation in the rainfall pattern in a temperate desert
Authors: Wang Yanli , Li Xinrong , Liu Lichao , Zhao Jiecai , Sun Jingyao
Published: November 2019

Background

Current and future changes in rainfall amount and frequency may particularly impact annual plants in desert ecosystems. The winter annual Echinops gmelinii Turcz. is widely distributed in the desert habitats of northern China and is a dominant pioneer annual plant following sand stabilization in the Tengger Desert. This species plays a vital role in dune stabilization during spring and early summer, when wind erosion is the most severe and frequent. However, seedling emergence and regeneration in sandy soil are mainly determined by rainfall patterns. Therefore, understanding the life history response of this species to rainfall variation is necessary for understanding the change of population dynamics under the future climate change.

Methods

A field simulation rainfall pot experiment using rainout shelter was conducted that included five amounts and five frequencies of rainfall based on historical and predicted values to monitor the life history responses of E. gmelinii in a near-natural habitat.

Results

We found that rainfall amount and frequency significantly affected seedling survival, growth and reproduction. The plant height, biomass, capitula number, seed number, seed mass and reproductive effort, but not the root/shoot ratio, significantly increased with increasing rainfall. Further, these traits exhibited the greatest response to low-frequency and larger rainfall events, especially the optimal rainfall frequency of 10-day intervals. Offspring seed germination showed increasing trends with decreasing rainfall, suggesting that the maternal effects may have occurred.

Conclusions

Our study shows that the plasticity in growth and reproduction of E. gmelinii in response to rainfall variations may help it to gain dominance in the harsh and unpredictable desert environment. Furthermore, population development of this winter annual species should be promoted under the likely future scenarios of large rainfall events and increasing cool-season precipitation in temperate desert.
Summation Formulas for Generalized Tetranacci Numbers
Authors: Soykan Yüksel
Published: November 2019

In this paper, closed forms of the summation formulas for generalized Tetranacci numbers are presented. Then, some previous results are recovered as particular cases of the present results. As special cases, we give summation formulas of Tetranacci, Tetranacci-Lucas, fourth order Pell, fourth order Pell-Lucas, fourth order Jacobsthal, fourth order Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers.
Stent Crushing as a Novel Therapeutic Option In-Stent Entrapment
Authors: Kaushik Aniruddha , Singla Rahul , Bade Arun , Munde Kalyan , Shaikh Shakil , Bansal N. O.
Published: November 2019

Stent Entrapment is a rare complication of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention if left in situ may cause intracoronary or systemic embolization, thrombus formation, emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or death. We here present a case of 2 unexpanded Drug eluting stent entrapment during the procedure leading to hemodynamic instability and Its treatment using stent crushing as a life-saving procedure.
Implementation of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis (SUP) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Authors: Shahbazi Foroud , Karimpur Hasanali , Hosseini Elham
Published: November 2019

Background: Critically ill patients are at high risk for developing stress ulcer bleeding, which may increase the length of hospitalization and mortality rate. Stress ulcer prophylaxis could be done either with PPIs or with H2 receptor blockers, which were prescribed in critically ill patients.

Aim: This cross-sectional study was accomplished in an intensive care unit to implement new stress ulcer prophylaxis. 

Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary hospital of Kermanshah province, west of Iran. Patients who were hospitalized for at least 72 hours and received SUP prophylaxis, were included in our study. Updated ASHP guideline was used for calculating SUP risk score. Patients received either PPIs or H2RA (intravenously or enteral). Efficacy and safety of early changes to enteral route were evaluated in one year and cost was calculated in three years’ period. 

Results: This study was conducted on 150 patients with a mean age of 58 ± 18 years old. More than half of patients (53.3%) were male. Stress ulcer prophylaxis was prescribed for all critically ill patients, regardless of the risk of GI bleeding while only 76.6% of patients had an appropriate indication for receiving SUP protocol. Six patients in the PPIs group (4 in intravenous and 2 in enteral) experienced gastrointestinal bleeding. Changing the route of administration from intravenous to intravenous over a three-year period resulted in a decrease in the mean use of pentoprazole vials from 12 to 4 per patient.

Conclusion: Early changing (within 72 hours) SUP from IV to enteral is safe and cost-saving approach.
John Stuart, Duke of Albany and his contribution to military science in Scotland and Italy, 1514–36
Authors: Coombs Bryony
Published: November 2019

John Stuart, duke of Albany was born in France, but acted as Regent of Scotland from 1514 until 1524. He visited Scotland three times and, in the early years of his regency, is credited with bringing a degree of stability back to Scottish governance during an otherwise troubled political period. Albany was also noteworthy for his love of visual splendour and magnificence. In France, he was an astute patron of the visual arts, commissioning a number of important manuscripts and architectural projects, such as the Sainte-Chapelle at Vic-le-Comte in the Auvergne. Albany’s main architectural achievement in Scotland was the fortification and extension his principal residence, Dunbar Castle, in the form of a great artillery blockhouse: perhaps the first such structure to have been built in the British Isles. The plan of the blockhouse appears to follow the basic form of a contemporary Italian angle bastion. The fortification earned a formidable reputation during this period, contemporary commentators noting that it was impregnable.Further evidence supporting the idea that Albany was greatly interested in Italian developments in military science come in the survival of a working sketch, now held in the Uffizi, Florence, which bears a note in the writing of the famed military architect, Antonio Sangallo the Younger, that it was undertaken ‘following the opinion of the Duke of Albany.’ The sketch shows a square fort protected by a ravelin. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between these two pieces of evidence, to investigate what they tell us of Albany and of his interest in military science, and to demonstrate how such ideas were introduced into Scotland and then fed back into architectural and military discourse on the Continent.
Interdisciplinary approaches to a connected landscape
Authors: Given Michael , Aldred Oscar , Grant Kevin , McNiven Peter , Poller Tessa
Published: November 2019

The key to understanding a landscape is through its connections, which tie together people and environment within and beyond that landscape and across many different periods. This is particularly true of the northern face of the Ochil Hills in central Scotland, which is characterised by dense networks of connections between lowlands and uplands, local and regional. To trace those connections we integrate the results of walkover survey, aerial archaeology, excavations, documentary analysis and place name analysis, revealing significant continuities and differences in the networks and relationships that have connected this landscape across time and space. Iron Age hillforts used their prominence and monumentality to guide people along very specific routes across the Ochils. Regular seasonal movements of cattle and herders in the medieval and post-medieval periods were closely related to the agriculture and settlement they encountered on the way: this interaction can be clearly seen in the elaborate intertwining of paths, braided cattle tracks, farmsteads and enclosures, most strikingly in the 18th century. Such intricate connections across the landscape are equally keyed in to the specifics of particular locations and to much broader networks and historical change.
BNT162b2 XBB Vaccine for COVID-19 Among Children 5-17 Years of Age
Authors: Tartof Sara Y. , Frankland Timothy B. , Puzniak Laura , Slezak Jeff M. , Ackerson Bradley K. , Hong Vennis , Stern Julie , Zamparo Joann M. , Chowdhry Hina , Spence Brigitte , Davis Gregg S. , Jodar Luis , McLaughlin John M.
Published: December 2024

This case-control study of US children examines vaccine effectiveness rates of a messenger RNA vaccine during the 2023-2024 respiratory virus season.
Anabolic Steroid Initiation Among Boys and Young Men After Use of Muscle-Building Supplements
Authors: Bulens Abigail , Calzo Jerel P. , Eik-Nes Trine Tetlie , Beccia Ariel , Raffoul Amanda , Sarda Vishnudas , Austin S. Bryn
Published: December 2024

This cohort study examines the prospective association between muscle-building supplement use among boys and young men and subsequent initiation of anabolic-androgenic steroids.
Polygenic Risk Score and Upgrading in Patients With Prostate Cancer Receiving Active Surveillance
Authors: Goss Louisa B. , Liu Menghan , Zheng Yingye , Guo Boya , Conti David V. , Haiman Christopher A. , Kachuri Linda , Catalona William J. , Witte John S. , Lin Daniel W. , Newcomb Lisa F. , Darst Burcu F.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Active surveillance is the preferred management strategy for patients with low- or favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa); however, frequent health care visits can be costly and burdensome to patients. Identifying patients who may benefit from intensive vs passive surveillance could reduce these burdens.

Objective

To investigate associations between a polygenic risk score (PRS) and risk of upgrading and other prostate tumor features in patients receiving active surveillance.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective multicenter cohort study across 10 US sites included 1220 patients from the Canary Prostate Active Surveillance Study (PASS) enrolled from July 2008 to November 2017, with follow-up (median, 5.3 years) through August 2022. Participants were those with clinically localized PCa (cT1-T2) receiving active surveillance. Analyses took place from January 2023 to April 2024.

Exposure

Multi-ancestry PRS of 451 PCa risk variants (PRS-451) and 400 PCa risk variants (PRS-400) after excluding prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–associated variants.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was PCa upgrading (any Gleason grade increase) vs no upgrading. Secondary outcomes included prostate volume, PSA, PSA density, percentage of biopsy cores with cancer, and Gleason grade group at diagnosis.

Results

The median (IQR) age at diagnosis of the 1220 patients receiving active surveillance was 63 (58-67) years. During follow-up, 470 patients upgraded; the 2- and 5-year risks of upgrading were 17.7% (95% CI, 15.5%-19.9%) and 33.3% (95% CI, 30.5%-36.3%), respectively. Each 1-SD unit increase in PRS-451 was associated with 23% increased hazard of upgrading (95% CI, 1.11-1.35; P < .001), whereas PRS-400 was associated with 27% increased hazard (95% CI, 1.15-1.39; P < .001) at any point in time during follow-up. Except for PSA, associations with remaining outcomes were similar or stronger using PRS-400. Higher PRS-400 was associated with smaller prostate volume, a higher percentage of biopsy cores with cancer, and higher PSA density. A model with clinical risk factors had a C-index of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.62-0.67); adding PRS-400 led to a C-index of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.63-0.68).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, among patients receiving active surveillance, high PRS was associated with risk of upgrading and possibly tumor multifocality. Excluding PSA variants from the PRS revealed an association with smaller prostate size, which has been previously associated with more aggressive tumors. Although PRS may inform active surveillance, it is yet to be seen whether they improve clinical decisions.
CMOS Voltage‐Controlled Oscillators
Authors: Issakov Vadim
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the fundamentals of voltage‐controlled oscillators (VCOs) in CMOS technologies. The article discusses general stability and oscillation conditions, addresses basic circuit topologies, such as cross‐coupled differential pair and three‐point oscillators, and then discusses noise mechanisms and circuit techniques to reduce phase noise. Next, frequency‐tuning range limitations in VCOs and related trade‐offs are discussed. Finally, overview of the latest state‐of‐the‐art CMOS VCO is provided.
Andragogy: Past and Present Potential
Authors: Clair Ralf St.
Published: December 2024

Andragogy was the first adult learning model to identify adult learners' characteristics and provide a pragmatic framework for responding to them. It is still considered a foundational and significant contribution to understanding adult learners despite substantial critique over the last 50 years. Current research supports the notion that andragogy is a useful model for designing instruction in numerous fields of practice. This chapter will look at the key ideas of andragogy, their theoretical background, the main critiques of andragogy, and the possible future of this broadly recognized approach to promoting the learning of adults.
Constitutive and Fracture Behavior of Double‐Network Elastomers
Authors: Fayed Marwan , Wei Chen , Jin Lihua
Published: December 2024

The double‐network (DN) concept, initially applied to hydrogels, has been adapted to elastomers, resulting in materials that combine exceptional toughness with tunable elasticity. This article delves into the constitutive and fracture behaviors of DN elastomers, elucidating the pivotal role of prestretch and composition in tailoring their properties. An incompressible hyperelastic model is employed to predict the stress–strain behavior and energy release rate of a DN elastomer, focusing on how the interactions between the two networks influence its overall material properties. The influence of prestretch and composition on increasing the stiffness and energy release rate of a DN elastomer is analytically determined. The analytical predictions are validated experimentally through comprehensive mechanical and fracture testing using a DN elastomer fabricated by a two‐step crosslinking process to decouple the prestretch and composition. The results show that manipulating these processing parameters can finely tune the mechanical responses of DN elastomers, optimizing them for specific applications. The findings provide new insights into the mechanics of DN elastomers.
α‐Lipoic Acid‐Based Nanozyme for Treating Acute Epilepsy
Authors: Sun Yage , Zhao Xinrui , Yang Rong , Xiao Meng , Liu Wenguang
Published: December 2024

Anti‐epilepsy drugs (AEDs), a common therapeutic approach for clinically treating epilepsy, suffer from low permeability toward the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), side effect risks, and a failure to regulate the pathological microenvironment. These issues hinder the complete control of epilepsy and lead to a vicious cycle of inflammation‐epileptogenesis. Herein, an α‐lipoic acid (LA)‐based nanozyme that loads phenytoin (PHT) and complexes calcium ions (LA@PHT‐Ca2+) is developed. This nanozyme combines the functions of delivering AEDs across the BBB and regulating undesirable microenvironments to treat epilepsy. Amphipathic LA self‐assembles into stable nanoparticles in water with BBB crossing ability endowed by the transporting of LA through sodium‐dependent multivitamin transporter. LA's enzyme‐like and redox functions provide LA@PHT‐Ca2+ with excellent scavenging effects on several free radicals via cascade reactions, thereby protecting neurons from oxidative stress. Moreover, Ca2+ disrupts neuronal respiration, resulting in reduced production of bioenergetic adenosine triphosphate and an improved hypoxic microenvironment. This leads to decreased expression of P‐glycoprotein, a drug‐efflux gating protein. This novel lipoic acid‐based nanozyme, with intrinsic BBB crossing capability, prolonged intracellular drug retention time, and the ability to block the inflammation‐epileptogenesis cycle, presents a satisfactory therapeutic effect in epileptic rats, resulting in attenuated symptoms and an improved microenvironment.
Room Temperature Topological Spin Textures in 2D Janus Chromium Chalcohalides with Dual Ligand Enhanced Ferromagnetism
Authors: Zhao Yanzhe , Huang He , Zhang Zeyu , Zhao Jiapeng , Wang Liming , Qiao Guanxiong , Wu Yanfei , Zhang Jingyan , Zheng Xinqi , Zhou Shiming , Wang Shouguo
Published: December 2024

Strong Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) and topological spin textures in two‐dimensional (2D) magnetic materials hold great potential for novel spin‐based information storage and processing. The current research efforts on topological magnetism are highly limited by insufficient magnetic strength, resulting in a narrow temperature‐external magnetic field (T‐B) phase diagram window. In this study, 2D Janus Cr2X3Y3 (X = Cl, Br, I; Y = S, Se, Te) monolayers are investigated by employing first‐principles calculations and atomic spin simulations, demonstrating desirable characteristics such as high Curie temperatures, significant DMI, and chiral spin textures benefited from the ligand substitution. Notably, stable field‐free room‐temperature magnetic skyrmions are observed in the Cr2Br3S3 monolayer and can persist under long‐range magnetic and temperature fields. Additionally, meron chains and skyrmion chains are preserved in the Cr2I3S3 monolayer under appropriate magnetic field and temperature. Based on the tight‐binding approximation, a ligand‐resolved six‐electron model is developed to distinguish superexchange interactions through X‐ and Y‐ligand hopping channels. This model elucidates the interplay between electronegativity and orbital degeneracy, shedding light on their influence on magnetic strength. This discovery highlights and expands the potential of ligand substitution for achieving high‐temperature topological magnetism in 2D magnetic materials.
Copper‐Poor Copper Sulfide Enables High‐Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via Interface Modification
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Li Jiangling , Xiang Wuchen , Xiao Shuping , Wu Rui , Ma Liang , Lei Hongwei , Fang Guojia , Liu Qingbo , Qin Pingli
Published: December 2024

The copper content in copper sulfide significantly influences the material properties, potentially affecting interfacial non‐radiative recombination in perovskite solar cells. Here, a simple ball‐milling strategy is used to obtain Cu‐poor (cupric sulfide, CuS) and Cu‐rich (cuprous sulfide, Cu2S) nanoparticles (in which CuS and Cu2S are the dominant phases respectively, containing a mixture of CuO/Cu(OH)2 species) from commercial cupric‐ and cuprous‐sulfide powders respectively. The resulting Cu‐poor nanoparticles exhibit a well‐crystallized hexagonal structure, suppressing the formation of harmful CuO/Cu(OH)2 byproducts. Additionally, the Cu‐poor nanoparticles uniformly cover the perovskite, effectively addressing residual PbI2 at grain boundaries and constructing a hole‐transport channel at the interface between perovskite and spiro‐OMeTAD [2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis (N, N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene]. In contrast, the Cu‐rich nanoparticles exhibit a non‐crystalline structure with excessive CuO/Cu(OH)2 byproducts. Their aggregation and non‐uniform morphology on the perovskite surface likely result from the charge‐controlled interactions from the big bond polarity in cupric sulfide. Moreover, the presence of excessive CuO/Cu(OH)2 byproducts increases hydrophilic sites, weakening interfacial defect passivation and compromising device performance. Consequently, perovskite solar cells using copper‐rich CuS interface passivation layers achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 25% and maintained ≈87% of the initial PCE after 2,300 h of storage in air, outperforming copper‐rich Cu2S‐based devices.
High‐performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells With Spectral Uniform Photocurrent Generation by Enhanced Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Induced Reverse Hole Transfer
Authors: Ran Guangliu , Lu Hao , Liu Yahui , Lv Tanjin , Bo Zhishan , Zhang Wenkai
Published: December 2024

The three‐in‐one strategy has obvious advantages in improving the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, ternary OSCs are constructed with D18:BTP‐eC9‐4F as the host active layer and SM16, a non‐fullerene acceptor with 3D terminal groups and high fluorescence quantum yield (PLQY), as the ternary component. The optimal ternary OSCs have a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.28%. The device performance and the excited state dynamics of ternary OSCs with various BTP‐eC9‐4F/SM16 weight ratios are studied. The device performance results show that the high PLQY of SM16 reduces the non‐radiative energy loss and improves the open circuit voltage. The 3D terminal group and high solubility of SM16 are conducive to adjusting the morphology and benefit in forming bi‐continuous interpenetrating networks, thus facilitating the photocurrent generation, and improving the fill factor. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra show that the proper introduction of SM16 can improve the Förster resonance energy transfer rate and thus improve the reverse hole transfer efficiency. This helps improve the charge generation efficiency and achieves a higher PCE. This study highlights the potential of the 3D terminal group acceptors with high PLQY as a ternary component material for improving the PCE of ternary OSCs.
Interfacial‐Aligned and High Conductive 1T‐MoS2@Ti3C2Tx Heterostructure Nonwoven Fabric for Robust Deformable Supercapacitors
Authors: Ye Siyuan , Zhang Yongzhe , An Chengzhi , Xiang Shuangfei , Wu Guan
Published: December 2024

With the urgent demand for wearable electronics and smart textiles in modern society, fabric‐based supercapacitors (FSCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their easy wearable integration, high power density, and long‐term stability. However, the low energy density and deformable capability of energy supply cause the limitations of actual applications. Here, a 1T‐MoS2@Ti3C2Tx heterostructure nonwoven fabric (NWF) with high interfacial adhesion, electrical conductivity, and mechanical deformability is developed, which is of great significance for the unitization as an advanced FSCs electrode. Owing to the designed heterostructure with aligned active interface, high conductive network, and in situ interfacial coupling, the 1T‐MoS2@Ti3C2Tx NWF exhibits low ion adsorption barrier, fast ion diffusion kinetics, and accelerated electron transport, resulting in large capacitance (425 F g−1) and high cycling stability (20 000 cycles) in 1 m H2SO4 electrolyte. Additionally, the corresponding solid‐state asymmetric deformable supercapacitors (D‐SCs) provide a high energy density of 119.3 µWh cm−2 at a power density of 800.8 µW cm−2, realizing the practical applications for powering electroluminescent device, 2‐D code, and sound‐controlled electronic fan. More importantly, the D‐SCs exhibit robust deformable power‐supply capability, maintaining 82.1%, 84.6%, and 89.9% capacity retentions after 2000 cycles of folding, twisting, and bending conditions, respectively.
Local Electron Spin‐State Modulation at Mn Site for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Fast‐Kinetic NaNi0.33Fe0.33Mn0.33O2 Cathode
Authors: Yao Jun , Wang Xianshu , Hu Peng , Fan Jiahong , Yang Xiaoping , Jiang Weihong , Jiang Siwei , Dong Peng , Zhang Yingjie , Duan Jianguo , Zhou Zhongren
Published: December 2024

O3‐type cathode material with high theoretical capacity possesses significant potential for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). However, the irreversible phase transition, structural volume change and poor Na+ transmission efficiency, caused by Jahn–Teller distortion of Mn3+, lead to the inferior cycling lifespan. Herein, the nonequilibrium‐driven local electron spin‐state modulation at Mn site with Sn4+ substitution is proposed to stabilize the NaNi0.33Fe0.33Mn0.33O2 cathode. With this, the controlled irreversible phase transition and volume expansion during charge/discharge and fast Na+ transportation channel is achieved. Therefore, the modulated NaNi0.33Fe0.33Mn0.33O2 cathode can contribute to improved capacity of 144.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C rate and long‐term cycling over 200 cycles with 80.1% retention by comparison with the counterpart (132.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) and 54.1% retention. Noted that the elevated Na+ diffusion kinetics corresponding to high‐rate capability is also demonstrated (93.2 mAh g−1 at 10 C rate). Furthermore, the full battery equipped with hard carbon anode shows an energy density of 381.05 Wh kg−1 and the 76.8% retention after 200 cycles. This work highlights the regulation of electron spin‐state from the insight of modification Jahn–Teller effect would shed a new perception on the design for the advanced layered cathode materials and SIBs.
Ultrathin Mesoporous Nanosheet‐Nanoconfined Low‐Crystallinity Framework Membranes for Ultrafast and Highly Selective Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Xiao Yihao , Feng Yongyan , Huang Xinxi , Niu Kun , Liu Hai , Li Wanbin
Published: December 2024

Membrane processes are energy‐saving and promising for the purification of hydrogen, which is critical to clean energy supply and carbon capture. Developing high‐performance separation membranes is of great scientific and practical interest. In this study, a concept of using mesoporous graphene oxide (MGO) nanosheets to guide nanoconfined growth of low‐crystallinity metal‐organic framework (LCM) membranes for precise gas sieving is reported. By utilization of nanowire‐electrochemical perforation and oxidation for GO, the MGO nanosheets are reconstructed with in‐plane mesopores and abundant reactive groups and can provide nanoconfinement effects of limiting reaction region, offering anchoring sites, changing precursor diffusion, and squeezing crystallization, for in situ growth of amorphous LCM layers between adjacent mesoporous nanosheets. Benefiting from ultrathin, defect‐free, low‐crystallinity, and robust properties, combined with reduced tortuosity of MGO and adjusted transport pathways of LCM, the MGO/LCM membranes exhibit substantially enhanced long‐term stability, moisture resistance, and separation capability, with high H2/CO2 selectivity of 104 and ultrafast H2 permeance of ≈4000 gas permeation units, which can surpass those of most state‐of‐the‐art membranes.
Dynamic Modulation of Afterglow Emission in Polymeric Phosphors via Inverse Opal Photonic Structures
Authors: Che Mengfen , Chen Xue , Wu Zhongbin , Xu Weidong , Suh Yung Doug , Wu Suli , Liu Xiaowang , Huang Wei
Published: December 2024

Tuning the afterglow of polymeric phosphors is critical for advancing their use in optical data storage and display technologies. Despite advancements in polymer matrix design and dopant engineering, achieving dynamic control over afterglow intensity remains a significant challenge. In this study, a novel approach is introduced for dynamically tuning the afterglow of polymeric phosphors by integrating them into an inverse opal photonic structure. By precisely aligning the photonic stopband of the inverse opal structure with the afterglow band of the polymer film, a remarkable 15‐fold enhancement in afterglow intensity is achieved. This enhancement is tunable, decreasing from 15 to 1.2 by infiltrating the photonic structure with media of varying refractive indices ranging from 1.00 (air) to 1.37 (ethyl acetate). The tunability arises from reducing the mismatch between the stopband and the afterglow band, as the weighted refractive index shifts between 1.15 and 1.40. Additionally, the inverse opal photonic structure induces angle‐dependent structural colors in the Janus polymeric phosphors, modulated by the refractive index of the infiltrating media. This integration of dynamically tunable afterglow with angle‐dependent structural coloration unlocks new potential for advanced optoelectronic applications.
Tandem Photocatalyst‐Free Visible Light Aryl Azidation‐Intramolecular C−H Amination: One‐Pot Access to Carbazoles and Indoles from Areneazo‐2‐(2‐nitro)propanes
Authors: Patil Dilip V. , Patel Rahulkumar , Takizawa Shinobu , Kim Hun Y. , Oh Kyungsoo
Published: December 2024

The visible light‐induced one‐pot tandem photolysis of areneazo‐2‐(2‐nitro)propanes was achieved to give carbazole and indole derivatives. The aryl azidation followed by an intramolecular C−H amination smoothly proceeded under visible light irradiation without any photocatalyst, demonstrating the synthetic versatility of areneazo‐2‐(2‐nitro)propanes. The in situ generation of aryl azide intermediates was executed under mild visible light photolysis conditions, showcasing the synthetic versatility of areneazo‐2‐(2‐nitro)propanes, a safe alternative of diazonium salts.
A Study of the Reaction Kinetics and Solar Concentrator‐Based Reactor Design for Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 Into Fuel
Authors: V. Ragulkrishnan , Mohanty Ananya , P.K. Aswathi , Thomas Tiju , Srinivasan M.S. , Roy Somnath C.
Published: December 2024

Solar powered conversion of CO2 into fuel and other value‐added chemicals is considered a holy grail toward a sustainable future. Development of materials that can catalytically convert CO2 and water vapor into hydrocarbons under sunlight has been one of the most formidable challenges in the 21st century. This study have recently demonstrates that by introducing hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites on nanostructured TiO2‐reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite surfaces, yield of methane from photoreduction of CO2 can be enhanced by ≈30%. Here this study reports the study of reaction kinetics for TiO2‐rGO photocatalysts through pressure and temperature dependent measurements of the product yield. By applying the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model on the pressure dependent CO2 conversion data, the reaction rates are calculated for selective adsorption of CO2 and H2O on the photocatalyst surface. These data are correlated with charge transport studies done through current‐voltage (I–V) characteristics of the photocatalyst measured in presence of CO2 and H2O. On the other hand, a unique solar‐concentrator based reactor design is developed. Such a prototype allows about a 20 °C rise in the temperature that enhances the rates of photocatalytic reactions. A comparative study of the CO2 photoreduction experiments in absence and in presence of the concentrated sunlight are presented.
S‐PLM: Structure‐Aware Protein Language Model via Contrastive Learning Between Sequence and Structure
Authors: Wang Duolin , Pourmirzaei Mahdi , Abbas Usman L. , Zeng Shuai , Manshour Negin , Esmaili Farzaneh , Poudel Biplab , Jiang Yuexu , Shao Qing , Chen Jin , Xu Dong
Published: December 2024

Proteins play an essential role in various biological and engineering processes. Large protein language models (PLMs) present excellent potential to reshape protein research by accelerating the determination of protein functions and the design of proteins with the desired functions. The prediction and design capacity of PLMs relies on the representation gained from the protein sequences. However, the lack of crucial 3D structure information in most PLMs restricts the prediction capacity of PLMs in various applications, especially those heavily dependent on 3D structures. To address this issue, S‐PLM is introduced as a 3D structure‐aware PLM that utilizes multi‐view contrastive learning to align the sequence and 3D structure of a protein in a coordinated latent space. S‐PLM applies Swin‐Transformer on AlphaFold‐predicted protein structures to embed the structural information and fuses it into sequence‐based embedding from ESM2. Additionally, a library of lightweight tuning tools is provided to adapt S‐PLM for diverse downstream protein prediction tasks. The results demonstrate S‐PLM's superior performance over sequence‐only PLMs on all protein clustering and classification tasks, achieving competitiveness comparable to state‐of‐the‐art methods requiring both sequence and structure inputs. S‐PLM and its lightweight tuning tools are available at https://github.com/duolinwang/S-PLM/.
Multistage Regulation Strategy via Fluorine‐Rich Small Molecules for Realizing High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chang Xiong , Li Kunpeng , Han Yong , Wang Guohua , Li Zhishan , Li Dongfang , Li Fashe , Zhu Xing , Wang Hua , Chen Jiangzhao , Zhu Tao
Published: December 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an ideal candidate for next‐generation photovoltaic applications but face many challenges for their wider application, including uncontrolled fast crystallization, trap‐assisted nonradiative recombination, and inefficient charge transport. Herein, a multistage regulation (MSR) strategy for addressing these challenges is proposed via the introduction of fluorine‐rich small molecules with multiple active points (i.e., 1‐[Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methyl]‐ 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzene (TFSP)) into the precursor solution of the perovskite film. The addition of TFSP effectively delays and regulates the crystallization and growth process of the perovskite film for larger grains and fewer defects, and it effectively improves the coverage of self‐assembled molecules for efficient charge transport. The multiple active points of TFSP induce a strong binding affinity with uncoordinated defects in the perovskite film. Moreover, the high fluorine content of TFSP induces strong electronegativity to establish a high binding strength between the perovskite film and electron transport layer. Finally, PSCs prepared by the MSR strategy demonstrated an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.46% and maintained 91.16% of the initial PCE under nonpackaged air conditions and at a relative humidity of 45% after 3000 h.
Palmitic Acid Accelerates Endothelial Cell Injury and Cardiovascular Dysfunction via Palmitoylation of PKM2
Authors: He Yu , Li Senlin , Jiang Lujing , Wu Kejue , Chen Shanshan , Su Linjie , Liu Cui , Liu Peiqing , Luo Wenwei , Zhong Shilong , Li Zhuoming
Published: December 2024

High serum level of palmitic acid(PA) is implicated in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. PA serves as the substrate for protein palmitoylation. However, it is still unknown whether palmitoylation is involved in PA‐induced cardiovascular dysfunction. Here, in clinical cohort studies of 1040 patients with coronary heart disease, high level of PA is associated with risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death. In ApoE−/−mice, 10 mg/kg−1 PA treatment induces blood pressure elevation, cardiac contractile dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic plaqueformation. In endothelial cells, inhibition of palmitoylation bypalmitoyl‐transferase inhibitor 2‐BP eliminates PA‐induced endothelial injury, whereas promotion of palmitoylation by depalmitoylase inhibitor ML349 exacerbates the harmful effect of PA. Palmitoyl‐proteomics analysis identifies pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) as the palmitoylated protein responsible for PA‐induced endothelial injury, and Cys31 as the predominant palmitoylated site. PKM2‐C31S mutants (cysteine replaced by serine) prevents PA‐induced endothelial injury. Endothelial‐specific AAV‐C31S PKM2endo ameliorates cardiovascular dysfunction caused by PA in ApoE−/− mice. Mechanistically, PKM2‐C31 palmitoylation impairs PKM2 tetramerization to inhibit its pyruvate kinase activity and endothelial glycolysis. Finally, zDHHC13 is identified as the palmitoyl acyltransferase of PKM2. In conclusion, these findings suggest that PKM2‐C31 palmitoylation contributes to PA‐induced endothelial injury and cardiovascular dysfunction.