bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gelatin Extracted From Yanbian Cattle Skin Suppresses LPS‐Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Xin Xuanying , Liu Yihui , Jin Huaina , Ruan Zhaohui , Choi Seong-Ho , Park Sungkwon , Hur Sun Jin , Li Xiangzi
Published: December 2024

Objective: To develop an efficient method for extracting gelatin from Yanbian cattle skin and to study its anti‐inflammatory effects.

Methods: Gelatin was extracted using enzymatic hydrolysis and water extraction techniques. The basic structures of the prepared gelatin were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, amino acid analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). LPS established the RAW264.7 cell inflammation model in vitro. The therapeutic dose range of gelatin, which did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity, was determined using the CCK‐8 assay for subsequent experiments. The nitric oxide (NO) content was measured using the Griess method. The content of proinflammatory cytokines was determined using ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using the DCFH‐DA fluorescent probe method, and oxidative stress–related indicators were measured using a kit. The mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and proinflammatory cytokines were detected using qRT‐PCR. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the protein expression of iNOS and COX‐2 in each group.

Results: Characteristic absorption peaks of gelatin were observed in the FT‐IR and UV spectra. Additionally, gelatin from Yanbian cattle skin significantly reduced NO content in cells, decreased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibited ROS generation, reduced oxidative stress–related indicators, significantly lowered the mRNA expression levels of iNOS, COX‐2, and proinflammatory cytokines in cells, and significantly reduced the protein expression of COX‐2 and iNOS.

Conclusion: Enzymatic hydrolysis and water extraction efficiently prepare gelatin from Yanbian cattle skin. This gelatin can inhibit LPS‐induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells, potentially by inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and ameliorating oxidative stress.
Proximate, Physical, and Sensory Properties of Bread From Taro–Wheat Composite Flour
Authors: Banti Misgana , Teka Tilahun A. , Agza Bilatu , Hailu Demelash
Published: December 2024

Bread is one of the most common staple foods consumed throughout the world. Wheat is the most important flour source in bread making owing to its gluten content and quality. However, the rising price of wheat is causing a considerable concern in the bread industry, necessitating the evaluation and utilization of flours of underutilized crops such as taro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of wheat flour by taro corm flours on the physical, proximate, and sensory properties of the resulting bread. A formulation of the composite flour was performed by replacing wheat flour with 7.5%–30% taro (Kihaque variety) flour using mixture design software. Evaluation of bread physical properties showed that loaf weight of breads tends to increase with increasing proportion of taro flour, while loaf volume was the highest at 15% level of substitution and the specific volume was found to be highest for control bread. Among the proximate compositions, the fat, fiber ash, and energy values of composite breads were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by taro flour blending ratios. It could be concluded that bread with acceptable sensory properties and similar to a control bread sample can be obtained at 15% taro flour substitution.
Antibody-Drug Conjugates Targeting the EGFR Ligand Epiregulin Elicit Robust Anti-Tumor Activity in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jacob Joan , Anami Yasuaki , High Peyton C. , Liang Zhengdong , Subramanian Shraddha , Ghosh Sukhen C. , AghaAmiri Solmaz , Guernsey-Biddle Cara , Tran Ha , Rowe Julie , Azhdarinia Ali , Tsuchikama Kyoji , Carmon Kendra S.
Published: December 2024

As colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death, identifying therapeutic targets and approaches is essential to improve patient outcomes. The EGFR ligand epiregulin (EREG) is highly expressed in RAS wildtype and mutant CRC with minimal expression in normal tissues, making it an attractive target for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) development. In this study, we produced and purified an EREG monoclonal antibody (mAb), H231, that had high specificity and affinity for human and mouse EREG. H231 also internalized to lysosomes, which is important for ADC payload release. ImmunoPET and ex vivo biodistribution studies showed significant tumor uptake of 89Zr-labeled H231 with minimal uptake in normal tissues. H231 was conjugated to either cleavable dipeptide or tripeptide chemical linkers attached to the DNA-alkylating payload duocarmycin DM, and cytotoxicity of EREG ADCs was assessed in a panel of CRC cell lines. EREG ADCs incorporating tripeptide linkers demonstrated the highest potency in EREG-expressing CRC cells irrespective of RAS mutations. Preclinical safety and efficacy studies showed EREG ADCs were well-tolerated, neutralized EGFR pathway activity, caused significant tumor growth inhibition or regression, and increased survival in CRC cell line and patient-derived xenograft models. These data suggest EREG is a promising target for the development of ADCs for treating CRC and other cancer types that express high levels of EREG. While the efficacy of clinically approved anti-EGFR mAbs are largely limited by RAS mutational status, EREG ADCs may show promise for both RAS mutant and wildtype patients, thus improving existing treatment options.
Concomitant Traumatic Macular Hole and Orbital Fracture
Authors: Teope Jonnah Kristina , Ito Mayari , Ambat Jose Miguel , Takahashi Yasuhiro
Published: December 2024

Introduction: To report 5 cases of concomitant traumatic macular hole (TMH) and orbital fracture, and discuss its incidence.
Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study including all patients with orbital fracture who were referred to us from May 2013 to December 2023. Axial and coronal orbital computed tomographic images with bone and soft tissue window algorithms and optical coherence tomographic images were obtained from all patients.
Results: Among 1171 sides from 1152 patients with pure orbital blowout fractures, we found 5 sides from 5 patients (0.4%) with concomitant TMH. All trauma was caused by baseball/softball injury. One patient had a medial orbital wall fracture with TMH stage 1b. Two had orbital floor fracture with TMH stages 2 and 3. The other two had both orbital floor and medial orbital wall fractures with TMH stages 3 and 4. Orbital fracture was reduced in 3 patients. Two had spontaneous closure of TMH with no improvement in visual acuity, while one improved with pars plans vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling.
Conclusion: The incidence of concomitant TMH and orbital fracture is only 0.4%. The rarity of this association supports the protective role of orbital fractures in blunt trauma. Specific mechanisms of trauma, such as impacts from baseballs and softballs, may increase risk of such injuries.
ACKR1
hi
ECs Promote Aortic Dissection Through Adjusting Macrophage Behavior
Authors: Wang Yayu , Jia Xiong , Zhang Yifei , Zhang Bin , Zhou Yazhe , Li Xiaoru , Zhu Xiaoying , Xia Jinquan , Ren Jun , Zou Chang , Zheng Qijun
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening condition characterized by complex pathophysiology, in which macrophages play a critical but not yet fully understood role. This study focused on the role of endothelial cells with elevated expression of ACKR1 (atypical chemokine receptor 1) and their interaction with proinflammatory macrophages in TAAD development.

METHODS:

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human aortic tissues was used to identify cellular heterogeneity in TAAD. Clinical and animal studies evaluated the relationship between ACKR1 expression and TAAD severity. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments, involving modulation of ACKR1 expression in ECs, investigated its role in macrophage regulation. Molecular docking and in vitro/in vivo studies identified and tested potential drugs targeting ACKR1.

RESULTS:

TAAD tissues exhibited increased ECs with high ACKR1 expression and proinflammatory macrophages. High ACKR1 levels were strongly associated with TAAD severity. Knockdown of ACKR1 suppressed the NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) signaling pathway and SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1) expression, reducing macrophage migration and polarization, thereby inhibiting TAAD progression. Conversely, overexpression of ACKR1 exacerbated TAAD. Amikacin, identified as an ACKR1 targeted drug, regulated macrophage behavior via the ACKR1/NF-κB/SPP1 pathway, attenuating TAAD progression and improving survival in mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study reveals how endothelial cells exhibiting high ACKR1 expression modulate macrophage migration and proinflammatory polarization through the ACKR1/NF-κB/SPP1 signaling pathway, a crucial mechanism in TAAD progression. Targeting ACKR1 through both functional and pharmacological approaches effectively suppressed TAAD progression and extended survival in TAAD mice, offering promising new intervention strategies for clinical evaluation.
Pattern integration and differentiation: Dual process model of episodic memory
Authors: Evensmoen Hallvard Røe , Rimol Lars M. , Rise Henning Stople , Hansen Tor Ivar , Nili Hamed , Winkler Anderson M. , Håberg Asta
Published: December 2024

The role of precise timing in episodic memory remains obscure. We showed 139 participants episodes consisting of objects, and tested subsequent memory for the precise timing and order of the objects and episodes. Temporal compression of the episode enhanced memory for relative but not absolute timing of the objects’ presentation and their order. Conversely, temporal expansion between neighboring episodes was associated with successful memory for episode order. fMRI in 36 participants revealed that temporal compression of the episode was associated with more similar activation patterns within episodes in several brain regions including the posterior hippocampus. However, the activation pattern in the anterior hippocampus and other brain regions became more unique with temporal expansion between neighboring episodes. We propose that human episodic memory relies on two fundamentally opposite processes: pattern integration helps strengthen the relationship between the items that make up an episode and pattern differentiation keeps different episodes apart.
Size and canopy characteristics of community reserves determine primate occupancy in the state of Meghalaya, India, and implications for its conservation
Authors: Kasbekar Sanyukta P. , Kumara Honnavalli N. , Bhor Siddhesh Sitaram , Babu S. , Karunakaran P.V.
Published: December 2024

Globally, the effective protected area network is one of the last resorts for conserving biodiversity. The nature of protected areas depends on the land ownership of the respective countries including India. The landholding in the northeastern states of India remains with native people, thus, ‘Community Reserve’ (CR) was introduced in 2003. Considering the high number of CR in Meghalaya that are home to many threatened primates, understanding their role in conserving the primates was crucial. We conducted day and night trail surveys in 32 CR of Meghalaya, and a questionnaire survey of local people for their perception of primates. We sampled basal area, tree density, canopy cover, canopy height, bamboo density, and human activity in each CR to test their influence on the occupancy of primates. We recorded the Western hoolock gibbon Hoolock hoolock, capped langur Trachypithecus pileatus, Northern pig-tailed macaque Macaca leonina, Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis, Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta, and Bengal slow loris Nycticebus bengalensis. The primate richness and abundance were higher in the CR of Garo Hills than in the Khasi and Jaintia Hills. The gibbons had the highest patch occupancy, which was followed by capped langur, Assamese macaque, and pig-tailed macaque. Large-sized CR determined the occupancy of gibbons and Assamese macaques. Canopy cover positively influenced the occupancy of three primates except the Assamese macaque, whereas the canopy height had a positive association with three species of primates. The basal area, and tree density, negatively affected the occurrence of Assamese macaque, northern pig-tailed macaque, and capped langur. Macaques were the most hunted primates. The differential occurrence and abundance in different hill systems may be due to hunting and habitat size rather than habitat quality. Habitat restoration would improve the habitat quality with the involvement of communities to assist in retaining and avoiding the local extinction of primates.
The accusative singular of demonstratives and interrogatives in Albanian
Authors: de Vaan Michiel
Published: December 2024

The animate accusative singulars of ky ‘this’, ai ‘that, he’, and kush ‘who’ are këtë, atë, and kë in Tosk dialects, whereas Geg vacillates between final -ë and nasal -ã, of which the latter is limited to argument position. Geg dialects furthermore distinguish kã ‘whom?’ from kãn ‘someone’. This article surveys the dialectal evidence from modern dialects, sketches the Old Albanian situation, and discusses the linguistic history of the relevant forms.
Exploring the Role of ChatGPT in Science Education for Asia-Pacific and Beyond: a Systematic Review
Authors: Park Hee Kyung , Martin Sonya Nichole
Published: December 2024

This paper consists of a systematic review of the literature on ChatGPT’s application in science education, drawing from studies conducted between January and September 2023, examining the current landscape, challenges, and implications of integrating ChatGPT into science classrooms. Analysis revealed a predominant emphasis on physics and chemistry education, primarily in Europe and the United States, signaling the need for broader exploration across diverse scientific disciplines and geographical regions, particularly in Asia. While studies found that ChatGPT demonstrated proficiency in writing tasks, its grasp of scientific concepts remained limited, offering opportunities for users to develop their critical thinking skills by evaluating and analyzing its responses. Ethical considerations, including plagiarism detection and attribution, emerged as crucial areas for attention, necessitating clear guidelines and awareness initiatives for teachers and students. This paper informs educators and policymakers about the potential benefits and challenges associated with incorporating AI technologies like ChatGPT into science classrooms.
Disorientation as a Tool of Surveillance-Coercion-Control in the Family Policing/Regulation System
Authors: McMillan Joyce
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes how the family policing/regulation system utilizes disorientation as a tool to implement successive stages of surveillance, coercion, and control and to tear apart Black families while capturing children in the foster system. Through specific examples based on both the author’s own experiences and those she has witnessed in her work, the process of how families are targeted and ensnared in the family policing/regulation system becomes visible.
Christian Communities in Lebanon under Ottoman Rule
Authors: Zreik Mohamad
Published: December 2024

This review essay explores the socio-political conditions of Christian communities in Lebanon during the Ottoman Empire’s governance. The study examines the administrative, legal, and social frameworks that shaped the lives of Lebanese Christians under Ottoman rule. It reviews the degree of religious tolerance, the impact of the millet system, and the role of local leaders in mediating relationships between the Christian communities and the Ottoman authorities. By offering a comprehensive historical overview, this work provides a nuanced perspective on the coexistence and conflicts between Christian and Muslim populations, contributing to a broader understanding of interfaith dynamics during this critical period in Middle Eastern history.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypersalivation in Schizophrenia Inpatients Treated with Clozapine: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kitsinthopchai Chanunnat , Kumpeera Siripun , Sangngarm Apiradee , Boonlue Tuanthon
Published: December 2024

Background: Hypersalivation, or excessive production and secretion of saliva, can result from associated disorders or adverse drug reactions. It significantly impacts physical health, psychosocial well-being, and quality of life. Clozapine, a gold standard for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, is known to cause hypersalivation in some patients. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypersalivation and identify factors associated with its occurrence in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine, either as monotherapy or in combination with other antipsychotics. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records from inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia at a tertiary psychiatric hospital. Data were collected from patients treated with clozapine between June 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the prevalence of hypersalivation, and multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the association between hypersalivation and patient characteristics. Results: A total of 96 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 44.03 years (SD = 13.27); 72.9% of the patients were male. The overall prevalence of hypersalivation was 14.6%, with 19.51% of patients on clozapine monotherapy and 10.91% of those on clozapine combined with other antipsychotics experiencing hypersalivation. Male sex appeared to reduce the risk for hypersalivation (adjusted OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.10-1.33, P = .13), while the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) significantly increased the risk of hypersalivation (adjusted OR: 5.40, 95% CI: 1.22-24.02, P = .03). Other variables, including age, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking status, alcohol consumption, clozapine dosage, and use of anticholinergics, were not significantly associated with hypersalivation. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypersalivation in schizophrenia inpatients treated with clozapine was 14.6%. Male sex was associated with a reduced risk of hypersalivation, while ECT use significantly increased the risk. These findings provide valuable insights for clinicians managing patients on clozapine, highlighting the need for careful monitoring, particularly in patients undergoing ECT.
Epistemic Governance in the Context of Crisis: A Complexity-informed Approach
Authors: Jalonen Harri
Published: December 2024

This article examines the concept of epistemic governance during crises, a situation that presents simultaneous challenges of information scarcity and overload. Epistemic governance refers to the processes shaping collective perceptions and influencing the understanding of a situation. The research employs a complexity thinking approach, focusing on the interdependency of phenomena, actors, and events, which resists reductionism and linear thinking. It illustrates how epistemic governance—comprising self-organization, diversity, trust, feedback loops, attractor, and agency—operates in crises. The study advances a novel approach to epistemic governance in crises, promoting effective decision-making and embracing complexity-informed research.
Rural-to-Urban Migration in China and Late-Life Cognitive Trajectories: A Perspective From the Hukou System
Authors: Zhang Yizhi , Yu Lin , Tang Peipei
Published: December 2024

Migrating to urban areas profoundly shapes later-life cognitive function. However, it is unclear whether the acquisition of urban citizenship matters in old age and how the rural-urban hukou differences in cognition change over time. In particular, the existing literature has overlooked the need to differentiate between the effects of health selection and urban hukou attainment. To address these gaps, we use data from five waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The results indicate that those who have obtained urban hukou through policies have better cognitive outcomes later in life compared to hukou non-converters, and these hukou-related differences grow with age. However, their cognitive abilities are lower when compared to merit-based hukou converters, who exhibit similar trajectories to lifelong urban citizens. These findings encourage not only a further breakdown of the urban-rural segregation structure in China, but more importantly, an improvement in the cognitive reserve of individuals.
Trauma-sensitive teaching: Supporting refugee students through music education
Authors: Lin Kelly
Published: December 2024

Refugee children are a significant part of contemporary Canadian classrooms. Children who have fled their homes as refugees have experienced trauma and bear the effects of it socially, emotionally and academically. My study identifies trauma-sensitive strategies that music educators in Ontario are using to support refugee students from kindergarten to Grade 8. Through three semi-structured interviews with K–8 music educators, I identified four main themes to trauma-sensitive music instruction. Trauma-sensitive music education (a) provides holistic care for refugee students; (b) supports refugee students in feeling empowered; (c) provides a space in which refugee students can cultivate their sense of personal and collective awareness; and (d) enables refugee students to feel a sense of belonging. The implications of these findings provide music educators with practical tools and strategies to facilitate a learning environment in which refugee students can experience hope and healing.
Beyond knowledge: Unveiling the hidden link between body image and dietary intake in elite race walkers at risk of relative energy deficiency in sport
Authors: Lynch Evan , Williamson Josh
Published: December 2024

Background: Nutritional knowledge and body image concerns are key factors influencing dietary intake and health among athletes, particularly in lean-type sports. This study investigates these variables among elite race walkers from the United Kingdom and Ireland, a cohort selected for the prominence of race walking in their national sports programmes and unique cultural contexts. Aim: The study aims to assess the relationship between nutritional knowledge, body image, and dietary intake in elite race walkers, and explore the potential risk of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Methods: Eight elite race walkers (seven males, one female) were assessed using the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) and the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire. Dietary intake was evaluated through detailed food diaries and analysed against established nutritional guidelines. The Goldberg cut-off method was employed to identify dietary misreporters. Results: Despite moderate nutritional knowledge (58.93 ± 8.68%), athletes displayed suboptimal dietary habits with prevalent over-reporting. Carbohydrate intake was below recommended levels (5.4 ± 1.0 g/kg/day), while protein intake exceeded guidelines (2.0 g/kg/day). Body image dissatisfaction was common, particularly in the single female athlete, who scored highest on both nutritional knowledge and body image avoidance (BIAQ score: 62). The findings suggest a possible link between body image concerns and inappropriate dietary behaviours, increasing the risk of RED-S. Conclusion: While the study highlights the complex interplay between nutritional knowledge, body image dissatisfaction, and dietary intake, the small sample size ( N = 8), particularly the inclusion of only one female athlete, limits the generalizability of the findings and introduces a potential bias in sex-specific interpretations. Future research should include larger, more diverse populations.
Three novel neoplasms in Nancy Ma’s owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae)
Authors: Bacon Rebecca L , Hodo Carolyn L , Buchl Stephanie J , Hensel Martha E
Published: December 2024

Neoplasms are only sporadically reported in New World primates and rarely in owl monkeys ( Aotus spp.), specifically. Previous reports of neoplasms in owl monkeys are primarily restricted to lymphoma induced by Herpesvirus saimiri infection, although other tumors in the central nervous, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems have been sporadically reported. Herein, we describe 3 previously unreported neoplasms in owl monkeys ( Aotus nancymaae) including a pericardial mesothelioma in a 6-year-old male, a nephroblastoma in a 2-year-old male, and a cervical neoplasm with characteristics of an epithelioid trophoblastic tumor in a 4-year-old female, all occurring in the same closed breeding colony at a research facility in central Texas. Reporting of spontaneously occurring neoplasms in research colony populations is important for identifying potential animal models of human diseases and for improving colony management and species health.
Risk factors for benign uretero-enteric anastomotic strictures after open radical cystectomy and ileal conduit
Authors: Bizzarri Francesco Pio , Campetella Marco , Russo Pierluigi , Marino Filippo , Gavi Filippo , Rossi Francesco , Foschi Nazario , Sacco Emilio
Published: December 2024

Introduction and objective:

Radical Cystectomy (RC) is one of the most common and complex surgical procedures in urologic surgery, and benign ureteroenteric anastomosis strictures (UAS) are complications described in about 15% of patients undergoing RC with different urinary diversion (UD). The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze risk factors related to the development of ureteral stenosis after RC.

Materials and methods:

All consecutive patients who underwent RC with ileal conduit from December 2019 to December 2022 were included. According to the guidelines patients with hydronephrosis were investigates with CT-scan or Ultrasound and blood tests at 3–6–12 months and then early. UAS was confirmed with CT-scan and eventually treated with nephrostomies with (with or without descendent pyelography). Several potential risk factor releated to UAS were analyzed by univariate analysis including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative variables.

Results:

In total 116 patients were included. At 30 months mean follow up, 21 patients (19%) were diagnosed with UAS. Median time from RC to diagnosis of benign UAS was 6 months (IQR: 4–9). At the univariable analysis previous abdominal surgery (OR 13.5 CI 3.4–63.4, p < 0.001) had the strongest association with shorter time to stricture development and six-fold highest risk of UAS development (OR 6.41, IC 95%; 2.16–21.1, p < 0.001). Also, gender, age, body mass index, lower albumin serum level, higher fibrinogen serum level showed statistically significant association ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Patients with preoperative lower albumin serum level, lower albumin/fibrinogen ratio and higher fibrinogen level are more likely to develop UAS. Moreover, having a history of PAS significantly increases the risk of strictures formation.
Manganese exposure and sleep quality in iron and steel industry workers
Authors: Rahimimoghadam Somayeh , Pourbabaki Reza , Khorashadizadeh Fatemeh , Mohammadi Arash , Emkani Mojtaba
Published: December 2024

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element crucial for the proper functioning of the human body. However, excessive exposure to manganese can lead to complications, particularly neurotoxicity. Among the health issues associated with exposure to heavy metals, one of the major concerns in the adverse effect on sleep quality. A total of 189 employees from a steel factory were divided into two groups: exposed (149 people) and non-exposed (40 people). Air samples were collected using the NIOSH 7300 method, and blood samples were obtained at the end of each shift. The samples underwent analysis by ICP-OES after preparation using the acid-thermal digestion method. To gather information on sleep quality, the Petersburg Sleep Questionnaire (PSQI) was used. The data collected in this study showed abnormal conditions, leading to the inclusion of medians alongside averages. The participants had an average age of 35 and an average work experience of 6 years. The exposed group had a significantly higher median respiratory exposure to manganese (1.32 mg/m3) compared with the non-exposed group (0.20 mg/m3). The average sleep quality score in the exposed group was significantly worse (score of 7) compared with the non-exposed group (score of 4). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the quality of sleep and the level of manganese in the air, so that the quality of sleep decreases with the increase in the level of manganese in the air ( p-value = .005). However, no significant relationship was observed between blood manganese level and air manganese level in the exposed group ( p-value = .06).
Perinatal Photoperiod Has Long-Term Effects on the Rest-Activity Cycle and Sleep in Male and Female Mice
Authors: van Dorp Rick , Deboer Tom
Published: December 2024

Environmental light conditions during development can have long-lasting effects on the physiology and behavior of an animal. Photoperiod, a clear example of environmental light conditions, is detected by and coded in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. It is therefore possible that differences observed in behavior in adulthood after exposure to different perinatal photoperiods are caused by lasting changes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus or alternatively, in other nuclei affected by perinatal photoperiod. It can then be expected that behavior with strong circadian aspects, like rest-activity and sleep, are affected by difference in photoperiod during development as well. To investigate this further, we exposed mice to different photoperiods during their development in the womb until weaning (long: 16 h of light, 8 h of darkness; short: 8 h of light, 16 h of darkness). After weaning, the animals were exposed to a 12 h:12 h light:dark cycle for at least 3 more weeks and some animals were subsequently exposed to constant darkness. We assessed their rest-activity patterns by recording voluntary locomotor activity and used EEG recordings to determine sleep architecture and electroencephalographic spectral density. Perinatal long photoperiod animals showed a shorter duration of locomotor activity than short photoperiod-developed mice in a 12:12 light-dark cycle. This difference disappeared in constant darkness. In the light phase, that is, during the day, perinatal long photoperiod mice spent less time awake and more time in NREM sleep than short photoperiod-developed mice. No effects of perinatal photoperiod were observed in the EEG spectral density or in response to sleep deprivation. We see lasting differences in behavioral locomotor activity and sleep in female and male mice after exposure to different perinatal photoperiods. We conclude that perinatal photoperiod programs a developing mammal for different external conditions and changes brain physiology, which in turn results in long-lasting, possibly even permanent, changes in the sleep and locomotor activity.
After All These Years, Still Divided by Memories? East Central Europe and European Union Politics of Memory Twenty Years after the Enlargement
Authors: Törnquist-Plewa Barbara
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes how central and eastern European members of the EU relate to the main nodes of the EU’s politics of memory, such as the first and second world wars, the Holocaust as Europe’s negative founding myth, Soviet Communism being equally as criminal as the Nazi regime, expulsions as a pan-European trauma, the legacy of colonialism, Europe as a continent of immigration, and Europe’s post-1945 success story. The author argues that mnemonic divides between the West and East in Europe remain visible despite the EU’s efforts to bridge this gap over the twenty years since the 2004 enlargement.
Radiomics and deep learning features of pericoronary adipose tissue on non-contrast computerized tomography for predicting non-calcified plaques
Authors: Yu Junli , Ding Yan , Wang Li , Hu Shunxin , Dong Ning , Sheng Jiangnan , Ren Yingna , Wang Ziyue
Published: December 2024

Background

Inflammation of coronary arterial plaque is considered a key factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Early the plaque detection and timely treatment of the atherosclerosis could effectively reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. However, there is no study combining radiomics with deep learning techniques to predict non-calcified plaques (NCP) in coronary artery at present.

Objective

To investigate the value of combination of radiomics and deep learning features based on non-contrast computerized tomography (CT) scans of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT), integrating with clinical risk factors of patients, in identifying coronary inflammation and predicting the presence of NCP.

Methods

The clinical and imaging data of 353 patients were analyzed. The region of interest (ROI) of PCAT was manually outlined on non-contrast CT scan images, like coronary CT calcium score sequential images, then the radiomics and deep learning features in ROIs were extracted respectively. In training set (Center 1), after performing feature selection, radiomics and deep learning feature models were established, meanwhile, clinical models were built. Finally, combined models were developed out via integrating clinical, radiomics, and deep learning features. The predictive performance of the four feature model groups (clinical, radiomics, deep learning, and three combination) was assessed by seven different machine learning models through generation of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and the calculation of area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Furthermore, the predictive performance of each model was validated in an external validation set (Center 2).

Results

For the single model comparation, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) showed the best performance among the clinical model group in the validation set. And Random Forest (RF) exhibited the best indicative performance not only among the radiomics feature group but also in the deep learning feature model group. What's more, among the combined model group, RF still displayed the best predictive performance, with the value of AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the validation set are 0.963, 0.857, 0.929, and 0.905.

Conclusion

The RF model in the combined model group based on non-contrast CT scan PCAT can predict the presence of NCP more accurately and has the potential for preliminary screening of the NCP.
CO2 mitigation, energy matrices, and the performance analysis of N-evacuated tube collector (ETC)-integrated modified solar distiller for water/electricity co-generation using CQD nanoparticles
Authors: Arora Swati , Singh Harendra Pal , Sahota Lovedeep , Arora Manoj Kumar , Rai Ishika , Chauhan Shruti , Kumari Riya
Published: December 2024

With advances in science and technology, nanofluids are the ultrafast heat transfer fluids which effectively empowers the distillation process. In this research article, N-evacuated tube collector (N-ETC)-coupled single slope solar still-equipped built-in-passive condenser and roof-top semitransparent photovoltaic (PV) module have been analyzed incorporating carbon quantum dot nanoparticles (CQD-NPs). The effect of volume concentration of nanoparticles (NPs) and packing factor ( βc) is tested to study the system performance (thermal and electrical). The use of CQD-NPs showed impressive enhancement in thermal conductivity (56.06%), Reynold's number ([Formula: see text]), evaporative (37.9%) and convective (76.94%) heat transfer coefficient even at moderate value of βc (0.67). Thermal energy efficiency and overall daily productivity is improved by 37.67% and 44.15%, respectively, using CQD-NPs. Moreover, thermal energy/exergy-based energy metrics and life cycle assessment has been performed for different lifespans ( n = 1 to 50 years) of the proposed system. Significant improvement in life cycle conversion efficiency [31.90% ( βc = 0), 28.91% ( βc = 0.67), 24.56% ( βc = 0.75), 32.02% ( βc = 0.85), 53.38% ( βc = 0.95)] is observed; also, enviro-economic analysis showed effective rise in annual CO2 mitigation (tons) [41.39 ( βc = 0), 104.85 ( βc = 0.67), 96.23 ( βc = 0.75), 85.14 ( βc = 0.85), 65.51 ( βc = 0.95)] and carbon credits earned using CQD-NPs. This renewable stand-alone two-in-one output system effectively meet the drinking water and electrical energy requirements of societies, and families living in arid/semiarid regions.
Financing tech-driven industrialization in Africa: Resource wealth, financial structure and the rise of medium- and high-tech manufacturing
Authors: Ajmi Ahdi Noomen , Bekun Festus Victor , Nwani Chinazaekpere , Ashraf Nadia
Published: December 2024

This study examines the roles of natural resource wealth and financial structure in driving industrial diversification into medium- and high-tech manufacturing (TM) via a panel dataset consisting of 24 African countries from 1991 to 2021. By utilizing the method of moments approach to quantile regression and the HPJ Wald-type Granger non-causality test, this study provides insights pertinent to achieving sustainable development goal 9.B. The results reveal a U-shaped relationship between per capita GDP and TM, where early stages of economic growth hinder industrial diversification, but higher growth levels stimulate tech-driven industrialization. The study confirms that combined income from energy, minerals, and forest wealth negatively affects TM, particularly in less industrially diversified economies, thus supporting the resource curse hypothesis. Financial structure plays a crucial role; market-based systems foster TM, whereas institution-led financial development tends to impede it. The Granger non-causality tests reveal unidirectional causality from natural resource wealth, institution-led financial development, and market-based financial development to TM, with bidirectional causality between per capita GDP and TM. To fully leverage these findings, African economies should prioritize the development of robust financial markets, implement comprehensive banking reforms, and strategically invest resource revenues in technology-driven sectors.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Mulligan Mobilization with Movement on Pain, Range of Motion, Function, and Flexibility in Patients with Sciatica
Authors: Hussein Hisham , Atteya Mohamed , Ansari Aisha , Kamel Ehab
Published: December 2024

Background

The Mulligan techniques address lumbar disc lesions and related dysfunctions. However, the current body of evidence of its effectiveness remains limited.

Aims

To assess the effectiveness of the Mulligan concept on pain alleviation, range of motion, function, and flexibility in patients with sciatica.

Methods

This meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials that applied Mulligan techniques to patients with sciatica and assessed outcomes such as pain, range of motion, function, or flexibility. We searched six electronic databases to identify the relevant trials. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment.

Results

A total of 21 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this study. Three primary Mulligan techniques were performed: spinal mobilization with leg movement (SMWLM), bent leg raise (BLR), and traction straight leg raise (TSLR). In this review, seven trials exhibited a high to moderate risk of bias, while the remaining trials demonstrated a low risk of bias. The analysis revealed that SMWLG could be beneficial in improving pain (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.82 to −0.33, p < .001) and function (SMD = −1.02, 95% CI = −1.87 to −0.17, p = .02). Additionally, BLR showed potential benefits in improving flexibility, particularly when combined with standard treatment (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.88, p < .001).

Conclusions

SMWLG demonstrates greater improvements in pain and function compared to other Mulligan techniques in patients with sciatica. However, the limited number of trials and the overall low quality of the existing literature highlight the need for future high-quality research that encompasses all related Mulligan techniques.
Reflections on God's Body, or, an Exercise in Examining the Limitations of Comparative Religious Studies for Understanding Israel's Theology of God
Authors: Bender Kimlyn J.
Published: December 2024

How should we understand the allusions to God’s corporeality in the OT? Christoph Markschies book, God’s Body: Jewish, Christian, and Pagan Images of God, argues that for all religions of antiquity, including that of ancient Israel, “the notion that God possesses a body and form was thoroughly common sense” (x–xi). An examination of Israel's Scriptures, however, presents a more complex picture. This essay examines this complexity through the lens of Markschies’ magisterial study.
The “Fasting of the Heart” (Xinzhai 心斋): Zhuangzi, Daoism and Its Transformative Healing Power in Contemporary Psychotherapy
Authors: Matthyssen Mieke
Published: December 2024

This article investigates a form of psychotherapy rooted in the Daoist notion of xinzhai, “fasting of the heart” in the Zhuangzi. Xinzhai is described as a meditative practice that “empties” the heart ( xin 心) so that it becomes responsive to the world, but is not affected by it. Also known as the “mirror-heart,” this state is characteristic of the Daoist sage. The xinzhai therapy is practiced together with Jung’s Active Imagination and Bosnak’s Embodied Imagination. In this hybrid therapy, the therapist’s “empty heart” aids in developing a non-judgmental openness in the client, allowing free flow of vital energy ( qi 气) that may lead to the dissolution of object-subject boundaries and inner transformation ( wuhua 物化). The article critically assesses both the merits and pitfalls of such Daoism-based hybridized therapies. It argues that therapies based on ancient spiritual self-cultivation, and more generally, the psychologization of Daoism and the hybridized use of the heart ( xin) and the psyche in the context of a far-reaching pragmatic governmental approach to ancient wisdom may dilute the spiritual depths of Zhuangzi’s teachings.
The Alteration of Proteomic Profiles in Hippocampus of Type 2 Diabetic Mice Associated With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Janthakhin Yoottana , Juntapremjit Sirikran , Hummel Karin , Razzazi-Fazeli Ebrahim , Kingtong Sutin
Published: December 2024

Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects the brain structure and function, in particular the hippocampus, leading to cognitive impairments. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits induced by T2DM are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of T2DM on behavior, the proteome profile in the hippocampus, and the potential molecular pathways involved in the development of cognitive dysfunction in T2DM mice. We found that the diabetic mice exhibited cognitive impairment in the novel object location recognition test and the novel object recognition test. The proteomic analysis revealed that various molecular pathways were involved in this context. These included the upregulation of proteins in the protein synthesis and folding pathway (EIF5A, RSP24, and PPIB), endocytosis and cellular trafficking (VPS24, SNX12, and ARP2/3), cannabinoid receptor interacting (CRIP1), ubiquitination (SKP1), and oxidative stress response (NUDT3). Downregulated proteins were related to mitochondria function (ANT1), neuronal development (ELP1), protein glycosylation (RPN2), and endocytosis (VPS4). Our study shows that T2DM mice exhibit neurocognitive impairment, which is linked to the dysregulation of hippocampal proteins involved in various molecular pathways. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of T2DM-related cognitive impairment and may identify molecular targets for drug development to treat T2DM-associated cognitive impairment conditions.
Live-attenuated vaccines for multiple sclerosis patients living in regions with endemic infections: A complex decision
Authors: Correale Jorge , Marrodan Mariano
Published: December 2024

Live-attenuated vaccines provide robust immunity against diseases like tuberculosis, measles, mumps, rubella, polio, yellow fever, dengue, typhoid fever, and varicella, with just one or a few doses. However, concerns arise regarding potential pathogen reversion to virulence, which is particularly risky for immunocompromised individuals, contraindicating their administration in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients under modified disease treatments due to the possibility of triggering infections, or stimulating the immune system, precipitating new exacerbations. On the contrary, these vaccines offer enduring immunity that is crucial for protecting MS patients from endemic infectious diseases, leading to severe complications if contracted. These concerns underscore the complex balance between vaccination benefits and the risks of exacerbating MS in patients residing in regions with endemic diseases. This review explores the challenges and considerations associated with their use in MS patients, aiming to maximize benefits while minimizing risks.
Diagrammatic thinking and audience reading of COVID-19 data visualisations: A UK case study
Authors: Tong Jingrong
Published: December 2024

This article examines whether, how, and to what extent eighteen UK audience participants developed diagrammatic thinking while reading eleven COVID-19 data visualisations published by UK newspapers. Despite data visualisations being a prominent feature in COVID-19 news coverage, audience perception of data visualisations is a relatively new field of study. This study reveals the presence of Stuart Hall’s three types of reading (dominant, opposition or negotiated reading) in the participants’ reading, with the prominent role played by their reflections and the influence cast by their levels of data literacy and familiarity with terminologies. As an experience of reflection and reflexivity, reading data visualisations prompted the participants to rethink the pandemic-related issues posed in data visualisations and reflect on their personal experiences and views. Their reflections confirmed or developed their understanding of these issues or led them to reject the message they perceived. This process suggests their diagrammatic thinking is in practice.
Modeling and piecewise integral terminal sliding mode control for the lower hook mechanism of fishing net weaving machine
Authors: Ming Cankun , Sun Zhijun , Sun Yize
Published: December 2024

The lower hook mechanism has the characteristics of long motion path, high moving speed and high external disturbance, significantly impacting the weaving efficiency of the fishing net weaving machine. The multi-motor-based lower hook mechanism exhibits higher moving speed and lesser cam wear compared with the traditional lower hook mechanism, but it requires a high-precision and high-robust control system. In this study, we established a dynamic model for the multi-motor lower hook mechanism using the Lagrange equation. Based on this model, we developed a control system using linear extended state observer (LESO) and piecewise integral terminal sliding mode controller (PITSMC). By introducing a piecewise integral sliding surface, PISMC solved the slow convergence issue of linear sliding surfaces and the singularity problem of integral terminal sliding surfaces. Simulation results for the multi-motor-based lower hook mechanism demonstrate that the proposed PISMC outperforms the nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller and the conventional integral sliding mode controller in terms of control precision and disturbance rejection capability.
MORE Than Meets the Eye: The Evolving Landscape of DBS in Epilepsy
Authors: Agashe Shruti
Published: December 2024

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