bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palynological study of pre-Siwalik sediments in Sub-Himalaya of central Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Upendra Man Singh , Sharma Shardesh Raj
Published: April 2021

The pre-Siwalik sediments arc exposed in the inner Terai valley of central Nepal. The sediments occur within the Lower Siwalik and lie to the north of Marin Thrust. Slices of pre-Siwalik sediment might have brought up by thrusts. Since no fossils have been reported from these pre-Siwalik rocks, their age is referred to range from Gondawana to Miocene.

In this paper, an attempt is made to determine the stratigraphic position and age based on the palynological study. A number or spores and pollen are recorded from the samples. However, the palynomorph assemblages in the samples include only stratigraphically long-ranging taxa (Eocene to Quaternary). The identified Compositae type along with Aabiespollenites, Caryapollenities, Psilamonocolpites, Retitricopites etc. arc found belonging to Miocene or younger. Zoncostites ramonae (mangrove) is assigned to be Late Eocene or younger age where as the Dinocyst Lingulodinium machaerophorum suggests the sample belonging to Tertiary or younger. Besides the pre-Siwalik outcrops are lithologically correlable with the red beds of Murree of India and Pakistan that arc assigned as Oligocene-Miocene age. Hence, considering the palynomorph assemblages, its recommended age and paleo-environment including the lithological correlation, the pre-Siwalik sediments of the present area must have deposited in Tertiary time and probably may range from Oligocene to Miocene.
Merger And Innovation To Improve Organization’s Performance In Indonesia To Fight Industrial Revolution 4.0: Case Study Merger Bank BTPN
Authors: Tambunan Diana , Wahyudi Sugeng , Muharam Harjum
Published: April 2021

An organization will conduct a merger strategy with companies that have strong technology to overcome the challenges of industrial transformation 4.0. In 2018 Bank BTPN merged with SMBCI with the hope of strengthening banking technology so that it could serve customers of various segments with various services throughout Indonesia.This research is a case study conducted at Bank BTPN which contributes to prove whether with merger, Bank BTPN's financial performance has improved. The method used is ratio analysis by comparing the financial performance of Bank BTPN before merger and after merger and the data obtained from the 2019 Annual Report and published financial statement 2020. The results showed that the merger strategy made Bank BTPN able to use assets, funding, and technology owned by SCMBI in innovating the digital banking business of Jenius banking products, BTPN Wow! and other banking products so that the post merger of Bank BTPN's financial performance has increased rapidly both in terms of assets to be the ninth largest in Indonesia, as well as 41% increase in net profit to Rp 2.9 trillion in 2019. This research proposes the concept of business model where merged bank should take five actions: 1) Innovation Business Digital Bangking, (2) Expansion of Customer Segmentation, (3) Diversification of Products/Market, (4) Quality of Human Resources, (5)Corporate Governance.
Analisis Rasio Efektivitas PAD Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Daerah Kota Jakarta periode 2015-2019
Authors: Supriyadi Arya Putra , Ahmad Fandi
Published: April 2021

Abstract - Currently, every organization seeks to maintain performance in order to win the competition, and find out the progress of the organization can be seen by paying attention to financial performance, this study tries to examine and assess the financial performance of the Jakarta City Government for the 2015-2019 budget period by utilizing the results of the review of the Original Income ratio. Regions (PAD), as well as the effectiveness ratio of PAD in the report regarding the realization contained in the Regional Budget (APBD) of the Regional Government of the City of Jakarta. By utilizing a data source in the form of a Budget Realization Report for the 2015-2019 budget period which is based on the Regional Government Financial Report (LKPD) of the Jakarta City Government. This study uses a mixed-method approach technique, namely the researcher tries to analyze financial data to further attempt to describe the existing findings. From the research results, it is known that the calculation of the effectiveness ratio is by dividing the amount of realization of PAD compared to the target PAD set based on the real potential in the region, or in other words, the effectiveness ratio of PAD is obtained by making a comparison between real revenue in PAD to achieve PAD ). From data processing, it is known that the percentage of effectiveness of PAD in the City of Jakarta for the 2015-2019 budget year has reached an average level of achievement of 95.4% of the determined amount or it can be said that it has reached the category of effective criteria.
Pendekatan Motivasi Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik dalam Mengukur Penggunaan Layanan Mobile Payment (Studi Kasus Pada Pengguna LinkAja di Kota Denpasar)
Authors: Permana Gusi Putu Lestara , Hiu Victor , Paramartha I Gusti Ngurah Darma
Published: April 2021

Abstract - The purpose of this study was to measure the interest in using LinkAja m-payment services in Denpasar and measured by adopting a modified and adapted technology acceptance model or TAM theory by adding extrinsic motivation, namely perceived enjoyment. This study took a population of all LinkAJa mobile payment users in the city of Denpasar, which then reduced the entire population using incidental sampling and obtained a research sample of 95 samples whose data were collected using a questionnaire, then the data that had been obtained were analyzed by partial least. square through SmartPLS 3. After analyzing this research, it manifests that the addition of intrinsic and extrinsic constructs is able to predict the interest in using the LinkAja mobile payment application in Denpasar City.
Pierre Bayle, nouvelliste de la République des Lettres (1684–1687)
Authors: Gros Jean-Michel
Published: April 2021

Lire aujourd’hui les Nouvelles de la République des Lettres de Pierre Bayle, c’est appréhender les circuits permettant la diffusion des idées dans l’Europe de la fin du XVIIe siècle et de retracer les transformations de ce qu’on appelait la République des Lettres. Bayle, du fait de ses origines provinciales et modestes, était en effet apte, mieux que quiconque, à répondre aux besoins d’un lectorat élargi qui tentait d’accéder à une culture savante sans en posséder les codes et les règles implicites. Ainsi ne se contente-t-il pas d’informer ce public des parutions nouvelles, mais aussi de lui apprendre à les lire. Il contribue par le fait même à une « démocratisation » de la culture en familiarisant ces lecteurs non avertis avec les techniques d’un « art d’écrire » propre aux époques de répression. Sa revue participe enfin, du fait de sa localisation en Hollande, à un basculement de la culture européenne du sud vers le nord.
Validation of a Malay Version of the Patient-Rated Wrist Hand Evaluation (PRWHE-MV)
Authors: KH Teh , Saaid F Mohamed , M Arumugam , MRI Rosli
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: The Patient-Rated Wrist Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) is a widely used measure of patient[1]reported disability, pain and appearance related to both hand and wrist disorders. It has been adapted cross[1]culturally worldwide but not in Malaysia. We performed a translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PRWHE into a Malay version (PRWHE-MV) with assessed reliability and validity in patients presented with hand and/or wrist disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PRWHE-MV was developed via translation and resolution of cultural discrepancies. A total of 83 patients (38 men, 45 women) with the mean age of 38 (SD 14) years and hand and/or wrist disorders completed both PRWHE-MV and the Malay version of Quick DASH during their first orthopaedic hand clinic follow up, and a second PRWHE-MV at 48 hours later. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to assess test-retest reliability of the PRWHE-MV while Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency. We tested the validity of PRWHE-MV against the Malay version of Quick DASH by calculating the nonparametric Spearman’s correlation coefficient between these two measures. RESULTS: There was no major cultural problems during the forward and backward translation of PRWHE, except for a minor change owing to cultural discrepancy in toilet hygiene. The Cronbach alpha PRWHE-MV was 0.978 (SEM = 5.5) at baseline and 0.979 (SEM = 5.35) at the second assessment. For the test-retest reliability, ICC was 0.99. There was a strong direct correlation between the scores for the PRWHE-MV and the Quick DASH (r = 0.916, p< 0.001). A majority of patients considered hand appearance somewhat important and were bothered in the past week. Their main concerns were gaining back normal hand function and subsequently returning to work. CONCLUSION: The PRWHE-MV showed high internal consistency, test-retest reliability and good validity in patients with hand and/or wrist disorders.
Reflection-based Whole-batch Discussion (RWD) as a Tool for Learning Proficiency Enhancement at Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin in Malaysia: Toward Curriculum Development
Authors: HA Uday Younis , SA Marwan , MJ Haitham , HAM Rana Abdulrahman , AR Nor Iza , S Nordin
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: Different approaches have been endeavoured by medical educationists to produce high[1]standard graduates from medical school, including collaborative group discussions and reflective practice (RP) assignments. The current study aimed to evaluate the outcome of teacher-led whole batch discussion following RP tasks given to the students. The overall teaching approach is referred to as “Reflection-based whole-batch discussion (RWD)”. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-two medical students who attended the haematology course at the University Sultan Zainal Abidin were recruited into this study over 2 academic years. The first batch of students (n=61) was unexposed to the RWD intervention (RWD-unexposed) while the second batch from the following academic year (n=61) was exposed (RWD-exposed) to the intervention. Students adhered to the guidelines given by the instructor pertaining to the reflective practice (RP) before the sessions. A weekly RWD session was conducted where the instructor-led a dually interactive forum to discuss students’ mistakes and misunderstandings as reflected within their write-ups. Exam results from both RWD-exposed and the RWD[1]unexposed students were compared using the student t-test. RESULTS: The mean scores of students’ results were significantly higher among RWD-exposed students compared to RWD-unexposed students in their essay questions and objective structured practical exam questions (p<0.01). However, RWD-exposed students scored significantly lower than the RWD-unexposed < 0.01). However, RWD-exposed students scored significantly lower than the RWD-unexposed student's group in multiple true and false (MTF) questions. CONCLUSION: Implementing RWD is a promising teaching strategy in improving the academic achievement of medical students especially in answering essay questions. MTF questions format may be an incompetent tool for evaluating the impacts of new teaching strategies and therefore medical educationists recommended efficient alternative assessment tools such as OBA and EMQ for the sake of curriculum development in medical institutes.
Mesenteric Adenitis Caused by Salmonella Typhi: A Case Report
Authors: Nik Hashim Nik Haszroel Hysham , Che Azmi Nur Ain
Published: April 2021

Both mesenteric adenitis and acute appendicitis may present with fever and right lower quadrant pain. This presentation makes it challenging to provide a timely and accurate diagnosis to avoid unnecessary surgery. We report a case of an 8-year-old who was admitted with fever and right lower quadrant pain, loss of appetite, and diarrhoea. There were tenderness and rigidity in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Hepatomegaly was present. Full blood count showed pancytopenia, and serum transaminases were mildly elevated. The clinical features in typhoid fever are not specific, making it difficult to differentiate from other infectious causes such as malaria, dengue, or leptospirosis, common in the region. This report illustrates a rare case of mesenteric adenitis caused by Salmonella serotype Typhi. It also shows the benefit of doing an abdominal ultrasound to help the surgeon decide whether surgery is necessary.
Revisiting the Pedicled Gastrocnemius Flap for Orthoplastic Limb Reconstruction
Authors: Mohd Yusof Nazri , Ahmad Alwi Akmal Azim
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: Gastrocnemius muscle flap is performed in a combined approach of the orthopaedic and plastic team for limb reconstruction in the developed countries. However, this practice is not readily available in Malaysia because of the smaller numbers of plastic surgery services in government hospitals. This study reviews the outcome of the gastrocnemius flap performed by the orthopaedic team. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients underwent gastrocnemius flap surgery with a mean age of 35.3 years (range 13-82). The flaps were done to cover the upper third (22), upper half (4), knee (2), distal femur (2) and the popliteal fossa (1). The initial problems were open fracture (21), infection following plating (5), necrotising fasciitis (3), degloving injury (1), pin site infection (1) and melioidosis (1). Five patients were having underlying Diabetes mellitus, 3 Hepatitis B, 2 HIV and 1 Hepatitis C infections. RESULTS: There was no flap necrosis. Complications include persistence infection in 3 patients which required advancement of the flap (1) and additional fasciocutaneous flap (2) to cover the wound breakdown. All fractures achieved union but one patient with infection following double plating for tibial plateau fracture developed chronic osteomyelitis. One patient develops transient peroneal nerve palsy following the lateral gastrocnemius transfer. Both patients who had patella ligament reconstruction with gastrocnemius flap develop knee stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrocnemius flap is a reliable and safe procedure in salvaging the leg from amputation related to open fractures and infections in orthopaedic surgery. It should be one of the options for the operative procedure thought during the orthopaedic training.
Association between Hs-CRP and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Blood Pressure in Young Adults
Authors: A.S. Asmak , A. Aszrin , A. Nor Zamzila , N.S M. S. Aida , S.M.S. Azarisman
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension remains the leading preventable risk factor for premature mortality and morbidity worldwide. The use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as the global risk prediction assessment for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in asymptomatic individuals suggests the possibility that higher hs-CRP, or subclinical inflammation, maybe one of the causal factors contributing to an increased risk of CVD in young hypertensive patients. Most studies of hypertension and hs-CRP association were conducted regionally, whereby most of the participants were Caucasians with age beyond 40 years old. Studies of this association among young adults in Asian populations are lacking, therefore, a generalization of data might be limited to certain ages and populations only. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This comparative cross-sectional study analysed the association between hs-CRP and other cardiovascular risk factors with three different blood pressure statuses categorised into Normotensive (NT), Pre-hypertensive (PHT), and Hypertensive (HPT) groups among young adults in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. RESULTS: Independently, the association was significant only in males and subjects with parental history of hypertension in the prehypertensive group. However, in the hypertensive group, the relationships were significant not only in males and individuals with parental histories of hypertension but also in obese subjects. Hs[1]CRP was not associated with blood pressure status in the present study. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that hs[1]CRP has an independent association with blood pressure status was not demonstrated in the present study. However, the observed association between circulating hs-CRP and blood pressure status is likely to be driven by confounders namely age, gender, genetic factors, and BMI status.
The “Fountain of Death”: A Case Series on Tracheo-innominate Artery Fistula
Authors: Lo Jason , Mat Baki Marina , Yi Yeoh Xing , Amirul Nik Hisyam , Zakaria Zahirrudin
Published: April 2021

Tracheo-innominate artery fistula (TIF) is a very rare complication related to tracheostomy and has been reported in 0.7% of patients, but certainly is one of the most life-threatening conditions. It is of paramount importance to maintain a high index of suspicion in evaluating patients with TIF and to anticipate occurrence of massive haemorrhage even during simple procedures related to tracheostomy such as tube change. We report 3 cases of TIF, each with a unique and unsuspecting history of the condition and review the emergency protocol in arresting the bleeding. We’ve also highlighted the potential role of permissive hypotension with sedation in improving survival outcomes of patients with TIF.
EUGENE O’NEİLL’İN THE HAIRY APE (KILLI MAYMUN) OYUNUNDA İŞÇİ YANK’IN (AMERİKAN) RÜYASI’NDAN UYANIŞI: SIRADAN BİREYİN TRAJEDİSİ VE SINIFLARARASI GEÇİŞMEZLİK
Authors: AŞKAROĞLU Vedi
Published: April 2021

Kıllı Maymun Amerikalı oyun yazarı Eugene O’Neill tarafından yazılan, dört tanesi gemide, dört tanesi ise geminin dışında olmak üzere toplam sekiz adet sahneden oluşan ve gemide ateşçi olarak çalışan bir işçinin düşünsel çatışmalarını, ruhsal bunalımlarını ve anlamsızlığa sürükleniş öyküsünün sonunda uğradığı yıkımı anlatan bir oyundur. Oyunun ana kişisi Yank Smith, büyük uluslararası bir yolcu gemisinde geminin hareket etmesini sağlayan kömürün ocaklara atılması ve böylece buhara dönüşerek yol almasını sağlayan ateşçilerden birisidir. Orta yaşlı, iri yapılı, güçlü, esmer birisi olarak betimlenmiştir. İşçilere özgü bir kabalığı olan Yank eğitimsiz, derin düşünme yeteneğinden yoksun, toplumun yapısından habersiz birisidir. Kendine aşırı bir güveni olan Yank, varlığını ve kimliğini gemideki işi ile özdeşleştirir. Yaptığı işin dünyanın dönmesi açısından çok önemli olduğunu düşünür ve bu yüzden bir bakıma Amerikan Rüyası’nın temsiline dönüşür. Ancak geminin alt bölümünde çalışan ve yaşayan işçileri görmeye gelen, Burjuvazi sınıfının tipik bir temsilcisi olan Mildred Douglas adlı genç bir kadının, Yank’i görmesi, onu “kıllı maymun”a benzetmesi ve bayılması üzerine, Yank kimlik bunalımına girer. İşçi sınıfının tipik bir temsilcisi konumundaki Yank, kimlik bunalımını aşmak ve hayatın kendisi açısından anlamını bulabilmek adına giriştiği çabada sınıflararası geçişmezlik ilkesi doğrultusunda başarılı olamaz. Sıradan insanın trajedisini gözler önüne seren oyun, ana kişi Yank’in kendisine karşı kayıtsız, katı sınıfçı Amerikan toplumunun içinde aidiyet ve kimlik arayışının bir anlatısıdır. Bu makalede, oyunun dışavurumcu özelliklerinden bahsedilerek, yabancılaşma, aidiyetsizlik, yalnızlık ve kimlik arayışı izlekleri sınıf çatışması bağlamında simgesel ve sembolik değerlerle bağlantılı olarak çözümlenecektir.
INFLUENCE OF ARGENTUM NANOPARTICLES ON ECONOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF LACTATING COWS DURING LONG FEEDING WITH TRADITIONAL AND TRANSGENIC SOYBEAN
Authors: Omelchenko N. M.
Published: April 2021

Ukraine is among the world's top ten soybean-producing countries. The significant prevalence of Roundup transgenic soybean varieties increases the likelihood of it becoming part of farm animal feed. Accordingly, it is important to study the effect of genetically modified soy on the body of animals and to develop ways to neutralize the deviations caused by its action. A study of the effect of traditional and transgenic soy on reproductive function, physiological, biochemical and economic parameters of lactating cows. Cows' feed intake with the addition of conventional soya had no significant effect on litter size. In the group of animals that consumed transgenic soya, there was a tendency for a reduction in the total number of newborns and an increase in the number of stillborn calves. The use of transgenic soybeans by lactating cows promotes the increase of ALT activity and alkaline phosphatase concentration. Feeding genetically modified soy to cows does not change the chemical composition of milk and does not significantly affect daily milk yield. The addition of Nano argentum citrate to the diet of animals increased the average daily milk yield throughout the experimental period. At 10 days of Nano argentum use, the cows of the experimental group had higher daily milk yields by 10.5 %, and at 20 and 30 days – by 7.5 and 6.4 %, respectively. The corrective effect of the drug Nano argentum on physiological and biochemical parameters in animals that have used transgenic soy for a long time has been established. This indicates the detoxifying properties of the drug and allows to recommend it as a means of preventive protection of animals whose diet may include genetically modified soybeans.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF DAMAGE OF THE COMPRESSED CONCRETE ZONE IN BENDING RECTANGULAR REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS WITH INSUFFICIENT REINFORCEMENT
Authors:   Lviv National Polytechnic University, Lobodanov M.M. , Vehera P.I. ,   Lviv National Polytechnic University, Blikharskyy Z.Y. ,   Lviv National Polytechnic University
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The tendency to use buildings and structures for new purposes is growing every year, which leads to the need to change constructive solutions. In such cases, during inspections, there is a need to analyze the bearing capacity of damaged structures. Damage can occur at various stages of the use of an element in construction: transported, installation, operation, and others. For this period, according to the current standards, the residual bearing capacity is determined by the method of the equivalent element. Thus, the strength of the reduced cross-section is determined (the damaged part is folded back). This calculation excludes from the consideration the zones that perceive the loads, but are located in plane damage. Currently, studies of the effect of damage on the residual strength of elements are constantly increasing, taking into account their expediency. Research is more focused on typical elements such as beams and columns. The compositional properties of reinforced concrete elements significantly increase the number of factors that must be taken into account when performing experimental and theoretical studies in this area. The damage itself, depending on their type and characteristics, has a different effect on the strength of the element. There is also a need to take into account additional variations in external influences on the element in addition to damage, such as: change in the load level, the presence of defects, change in the design scheme of the element due to external factors and others. Thus, the priority is, first of all, the study of idealized injuries, with the subsequent use of this base of developments for the study of this damage with additional factors. This article discusses: research on damaged reinforced concrete elements in Ukraine and abroad; the developed test methodology for bending reinforced concrete elements of rectangular cross-section with damage to concrete in a compressed zone with insufficient reinforcement, with variability in changing the width of damage of 20 and 80 mm with a height of damage of 30 mm is presented; the influence of variability of damage in research specimens with insufficient reinforcement on deformability and bearing capacity is reflected; the influence of damage variability on the change in the real height of the compressed zone from the load level is considered; implementation of conclusions on the result of the study.
THE STUDY OF THE PECULIARITIES OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF ODESSA HILLS. ODESSA FUNICULARS
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Storozhuk S.S. , Dubinina N.V. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The off-street transport system of a mountainous relief is learnt in the article. The basic kinds of underground and ground transport, intended for the transportation of people and auxiliary cargoes in the conditions of a complex locality relief or the presence of water obstacles were identified: conveyor, lifting, rail, mono-rail, self-propelled. The advantages of the use of suspended and mono-rail cableways were found: functionality, profitability, manufacturability, comfort and safety. The peculiarities of the Northern-Western Black Sea shore – precipitous banks of the Odessa Bay – the hills that are a recreational zone and the most popular places for the rest of local inhabitants and quests of the Black Sea shore were studied. Despite the fact that the Odessa hills don’t have a complex and a steep locality relief, on the hills the transport system, in the conditions of a complex relief, consisting of the cableways, funiculars, an escalator, a tunnel, bridges and lifts that became the Odessa’s sightseeing was created that makes the Odessa coast more attractive for the development of the regional and the international tourism.
THE DEPENDENCE OF THE APPEARANCE OF CERTAIN TYPES OF BUILDINGS FROM THE PRINCIPLES OF EXISTENCE OF SOCIETIES(with the examplesof historical and architectural processes that have taken and are taking place on the territory of Ukraine)
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Denysenko Yu. N.
Published: April 2021

For a better understanding of architectural processes taking place today in-depth analysis and search of useful achievements the creation of objects of material culture of the past and their introduction in our days, for successful attempts to predict thecourse of history, civilization, society, urban planning, architecture, art, required a comprehensive analysis of factors of influence on the specified development, which took place in the historical past, takes place in our time can take place in the future. Our time of the domination of ideology of enrichment, the actual service utilizing architecture and design ideas for the commercial benefit of certain customers, leads to losses of valuable historical material heritage, leads to the creation of objects of material culture that are not only useful, but often very dangerous both for people and for the environment. For a better understanding of why such processes are characteristic of our time than were the differences in the approaches to urban, architectural and other design industries in the past, will change, and what to expect and strive for in the future, need to better understand the influence of society on the features of formation of certain types of buildings and structures in certain times and certain States.The article examines the impact previously identified by the author types of companies, classified according to the principles of their existence on processes of emergence and dominance of certain types of buildings and structures (on the example of the development of societies and States located on the territory of the settlement of the Eastern Slavs on the territory of modern Ukraine, which are quite revealing to illustrate the viability of the concept). Although even a superficial analysisof the development of societies in other European countries also points to the similarity of historical and architectural processes that had and have a place (with certain national differences) and confirm the validity of the proposed concept.Distinguishing in previous works four basic types of necessities of people and functions of society, and also four types of principles of existence of society, the author proposes to use four types of society, according to main principles of their existence.An author considers that for the names of the marked types of societies it is better to use the names of the Indian castes. Therefore exactly the names of the Indian castes better than the names of public classes represent principles of existence and ideology bothseparate groups people and separate societies.
Single-suture craniosynostosis and the epigenome: current evidence and a review of epigenetic principles
Authors: Bin Alamer Othman , Jimenez Adrian E. , Azad Tej D.
Published: April 2021

Craniosynostosis (CS) is a congenital disease that arises due to premature ossification of single or multiple sutures, which results in skull deformities. The surgical management of single-suture CS continues to evolve and is driven by a robust body of clinical research; however, the molecular underpinnings of CS remain poorly understood. Despite long-standing hypotheses regarding the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors, formal investigation of the epigenetic underpinnings of CS has been limited. In an effort to catalyze further investigation into the epigenetic basis of CS, the authors review the fundamentals of epigenetics, discuss recent studies that shed light on this emerging field, and offer hypotheses regarding the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of single-suture CS.
Ultra-early synostectomy and cranial remodeling orthoses in the management of craniosynostoses
Authors: Mohanty Aaron , Frank Thomas S. , Mohamed Sharif , Godwin Kristalynne , Malkani Gautam G.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

The advent of endoscopic synostectomy has enabled early surgery for infants with craniosynostosis. Even though diagnosis is often made at birth, endoscopic synostectomy has traditionally been delayed until the infant is 3 months of age. There have been very few published reports of this procedure being performed in the early neonatal period. The authors discuss their experience with ultra-early endoscopic synostectomy, defined as an operation for infants aged 8 weeks or younger.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of infants who underwent operations at or before 8 weeks of age between 2011 and 2020 was done.

RESULTS

Twenty-five infants underwent operations: 11 were 2 weeks of age or younger, 8 were between 3 and 4 weeks of age, and 6 were between 5 and 8 weeks of age. The infants weighed between 2.25 and 4.8 kg. Eighteen had single-suture synostosis, and 7 had multiple sutures involved. Of these 7, 4 had syndromic craniosynostosis. The average operative time was 35 minutes, and it was less than 40 minutes in 19 cases. The estimated operative blood loss was 25 ml or less in 19 cases; 5 infants required an intraoperative blood transfusion. In 1 child with syndromic multisuture craniosynostosis, the surgery was staged due to blood loss. Two children experienced complications related to the procedure: one had an incidental durotomy with skin infection, and the other had postoperative kernicterus. All infants were fitted for cranial remodeling orthoses following surgery. Three of the 25 infants required reoperations, with 2 patients with syndromic craniosynostosis needing repeat surgery for cranial volume expansion and cosmetic appearance. Another child with syndromic craniosynostosis is awaiting cranial expansion surgery. Follow-up varied between 6 months and 8 years.

CONCLUSIONS

The data show that ultra-early synostectomy is safe and not associated with increased complications compared with surgery performed between 3 and 6 months of age. Infants with multisuture synostosis had increased operative time, required blood transfusion, and were more likely to require a second operation.
Disappointing results of spring-assisted cranial vault expansion in patients with Crouzon syndrome presenting with sagittal synostosis
Authors: Wilson Alexander T. , Gaillard Linda , Versnel Sarah L. , Spoor Jochem K. H. , van Veelen Marie-Lise C. , Mathijssen Irene M. J.
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to report on a single center’s experience with spring-assisted cranial vault expansion (SAE) in patients with Crouzon syndrome and sagittal suture synostosis. Strip craniotomy with SAE has resulted in successful outcomes with low complication and revision rates in patients with isolated scaphocephaly. However, recent experience suggests that outcomes in patients with Crouzon syndrome and sagittal synostosis (SS) who undergo SAE are less favorable compared with the outcomes of those who undergo frontobiparietal (FBP) expansion. The authors reviewed both operations performed at a single center and noticed an upward expansion of the skull, which may be related to ventriculomegaly, with concurrent intracranial hypertension and poor aesthetic outcome. All patients diagnosed with Crouzon syndrome and SS who were treated with SAE required a revision FBP operation. Based on this outcome, the authors consider Crouzon syndrome a contraindication for correcting SS with springs.
Sport participation and related head injuries following craniosynostosis correction: a survey study
Authors: Yengo-Kahn Aaron M. , Akinnusotu Oluwatoyin , Wiseman Alyssa L. , Owais Abdul Ghani Muhammad , Shannon Chevis N. , Golinko Michael S. , Bonfield Christopher M.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

Craniosynostosis (CS) affects about 1 in 2500 infants and is predominantly treated by surgical intervention in infancy. Later in childhood, many of these children wish to participate in sports. However, the safety of participation is largely anecdotal and based on surgeon experience. The objective of this survey study was to describe sport participation and sport-related head injury in CS patients.

METHODS

A 16-question survey related to child/parent demographics, CS surgery history, sport history, and sport-induced head injury history was made available to patients/parents in the United States through a series of synostosis organization listservs, as well as synostosis-focused Facebook groups, between October 2019 and June 2020. Sports were categorized based on the American Academy of Pediatrics groupings. Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and the independent-samples t-test were used in the analysis.

RESULTS

Overall, 187 CS patients were described as 63% male, 89% White, and 88% non-Hispanic, and 89% underwent surgery at 1 year or younger. The majority (74%) had participated in sports starting at an average age of 5 years (SD 2.2). Of those participating in sports, contact/collision sport participation was most common (77%), and 71% participated in multiple sports. Those that played sports were less frequently Hispanic (2.2% vs 22.9%, p < 0.001) and more frequently had undergone a second surgery (44% vs 25%, p = 0.021). Only 9 of 139 (6.5%) sport-participating CS patients suffered head injuries; 6 (67%) were concussions and the remaining 3 were nondescript but did not mention any surgical needs.

CONCLUSIONS

In this nationwide survey of postsurgical CS patients and parents, sport participation was exceedingly common, with contact sports being the most common sport category. Few head injuries (mostly concussions) were reported as related to sport participation. Although this is a selective sample of CS patients, the initial data suggest that sport participation, even in contact sports, and typically beginning a few years after CS correction, is safe and commonplace.
Hydrocephalus treatment in patients with craniosynostosis: an analysis from the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network prospective registry
Authors: Bonfield Christopher M. , Shannon Chevis N. , Reeder Ron W. , Browd Samuel , Drake James , Hauptman Jason S. , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Limbrick David D. , McDonald Patrick J. , Naftel Robert , Pollack Ian F. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Rozzelle Curtis , Tamber Mandeep S. , Whitehead William E. , Kestle John R. W. , Wellons John C. , _ _
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

Hydrocephalus may be seen in patients with multisuture craniosynostosis and, less commonly, single-suture craniosynostosis. The optimal treatment for hydrocephalus in this population is unknown. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the success rate of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) treatment and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) both with and without choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) in patients with craniosynostosis.

METHODS

Utilizing the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) Core Data Project (Registry), the authors identified all patients who underwent treatment for hydrocephalus associated with craniosynostosis. Descriptive statistics, demographics, and surgical outcomes were evaluated.

RESULTS

In total, 42 patients underwent treatment for hydrocephalus associated with craniosynostosis. The median gestational age at birth was 39.0 weeks (IQR 38.0, 40.0); 55% were female and 60% were White. The median age at first craniosynostosis surgery was 0.6 years (IQR 0.3, 1.7), and at the first permanent hydrocephalus surgery it was 1.2 years (IQR 0.5, 2.5). Thirty-three patients (79%) had multiple different sutures fused, and 9 had a single suture: 3 unicoronal (7%), 3 sagittal (7%), 2 lambdoidal (5%), and 1 unknown (2%). Syndromes were identified in 38 patients (90%), with Crouzon syndrome being the most common (n = 16, 42%). Ten patients (28%) received permanent hydrocephalus surgery before the first craniosynostosis surgery. Twenty-eight patients (67%) underwent VPS treatment, with the remaining 14 (33%) undergoing ETV with or without CPC (ETV ± CPC). Within 12 months after initial hydrocephalus intervention, 14 patients (34%) required revision (8 VPS and 6 ETV ± CPC). At the most recent follow-up, 21 patients (50%) required a revision. The revision rate decreased as age increased. The overall infection rate was 5% (VPS 7%, 0% ETV ± CPC).

CONCLUSIONS

This is the largest prospective study reported on children with craniosynostosis and hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus in children with craniosynostosis most commonly occurs in syndromic patients and multisuture fusion. It is treated at varying ages; however, most patients undergo surgery for craniosynostosis prior to hydrocephalus treatment. While VPS treatment is performed more frequently, VPS and ETV are both reasonable options, with decreasing revision rates with increasing age, for the treatment of hydrocephalus associated with craniosynostosis.
إختیار (إنتخاب) ھیئات وضع الدستور في البلدان الھشة والمتضررة من النزاعات
Authors: Zulueta-Fülscher Kimana , Bisarya Sumit
Published: April 2021

تلعب عملیات بناء الدستور بشكل متزاید دورا حاسماً في عملیات بناء السلام وبناء الدولة على حد سواء. حیث أن عملیة بناء الدستور في بیئة متضررة من النزاع ضروریة غالباً لإعادة التفاوض بشأن الوصول إلى السلطة والموارد العامة. فعادة، الدستور الذي یتم التوصل إلیھ یجعل الدولة أكثر تشاركیة، وبالتالي تستجیب لمصالح عدد أكبر من الفئات الاجتماعیة والسیاسیة والاقتصادیة، مما یساھم في الحفاظ على السلام ویمنع استئناف الصر اع. من یضع الدستور؟ كیف یجري اختیار واضعي الدستور؟ ھذه أسئلة بالغة الأھمیة في عملیة بناء الدستور تساعد في تحدید الشرعیة الشاملة للعملیة، ومحتوى ونجاح الإطار السیاسي الجدید نفسه. تدرس ھذه الورقة أنواع ھیئات وضع الدستور الموجودة في ۳۷ عملیة لبناء الدساتیر جرت بین عامي ۱۹۹۱ و ۲۰۱۸ في أعقاب النزاع، وكذلك طرق اختیارھا. كما تركز على تكرار أنواع معینة من ھذه الھیئات في الأماكن المتضررة من النزاعات، ومدى تأثیر عملیة بناء الدستور عموماً وتصمیمھا المحدد على نوع الھیئة التي تم اختیارھا .
livE (onLine – java Exercise) java programming language learning system for lab and online test
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Malang, Hani'ah Mamluatul , Kurniawan Yogi ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Rozi Imam Fahrur ,   Politeknik Negeri Malang
Published: April 2021

Java programming language is one of the most popular programming languages among IT developers. There are common problems in the beginning learning process such as the installation and configuration process of java software like JDK (Java Development Kit). During the online class session, it takes a lot of time and a large internet data packet to solve this problem. This research proposes a website-based system called livE (online - java Exercise). Students can practice coding and also do exams in real-time, simply by using a web browser and the internet. If lecturers want to make corrections, lecturers do not need to download student answer files. They can directly run the program code from student answers in the livE system. This indicates that the system implementation provides process efficiency in the student's job sheet exercises and lecturer's corrections. The result from the test that has been carried out shows that livE is running as expected. Usability testing shows that users are "totally agree" with system quality.
The analysis of work improvement of short ergonomics break on the rice weeding farmers in Kebon Bantiran, Bajera, Tabanan
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Susila I Nengah Darma , Sutapa I Ketut ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Sutarna I Nyoman ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali
Published: April 2021

Weeding rice in paddy fields is mostly done by female farmers, as it is done by farmers in Kebon Bantiran village, Bajera, Tabanan. The body position of the female farmers when weeding the rice in the paddy field is bent and both feet are buried in the mud. The purpose of this study was to find out and describe the workload of female farmers when weeding rice plants in the rice fields. The sample for this study is 10 female farmers. The method of this research is the measurement of pulse with the 10 pulse-method. Data collection is done twice, after-work and after a short break. The data obtained are analysed by a t-paired test. The calculation results obtained the mean after-work pulse rate of 115.25 pulse per minute, while the resting pulse rate was 95.50 pulse per minute, decreased pulse rate was 19.75 pulse per minute or decreased by 20.68 percent. In the statistical test, the t-paired test decreased significantly (p is less than 0.05). The workload of female farmers to weed rice is a mild category. The percentage of cardiovascular load (CVL) for female farmers when weeding rice was 19.99 percent which indicates the category required for work improvement. The percentage of CVL value is calculated from the level of workload classification based on the increase of work pulse compared to the Vanwonteghem maximum pulse and categorized it into the classification of light or moderate workloads, so this need improvement by taking a short break.
Flags of Convenience in Cruise Tourism: Is It an Opportunity or an Exploitation of Developing Countries?
Authors:   Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Udayana, Resen Putu Titah Kawitri , Pradipta Ade Devia ,   Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Udayana, Ramadhani Ismar ,   Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Al-Muslim
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is to highlight the power relations between transnational corporations and developing countries due to the application of the Flags of Convenience (FoC) system in the cruise tourism industry. The focus is to answer whether the FoC in global cruise tourism is a good opportunity or actually a system that exploits developing countries. This article uses literature review method by referring to the concept of power of transnational corporations as an analytical framework. This study found that the FoC system strengthens the position of non-state actors in the international system through its regulations and by achieving its business goals through its power over the country, particularly developing countries.
Sleep quality and social support in people over 65 years old who have had a quarantine process due to covid-19
Authors: ILKHAN Gulay , CELİKHİSAR Hakan , İLHAN ALP Selen
Published: April 2021

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of anxiety or social support on sleep quality in patients with COVID-19 who were older than 65 years of age and undergoing quarantine process.

Material and Method: The study included the patients ≥65 years of age who had a quarantine process for 14 days during the COVID-19 outbreak. The sociodemographic features and comorbidities were recorded in all patients. Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (SS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires were applied.

Results: Totally 198 patients (123 male and 75 female) were included in the study. Among patients, 115 (58.1%) patients were living in a nursing home. All GAS scores and the total PSQI were significantly higher and all SS scores were significantly lower in PCR positive patients compared with the negative ones (p:0.001). Moreover, All GAS scores and the total PSQI were significantly higher and all SS scores were significantly lower in patients living in nursing homes compared with the others (p:0.001).

Conclusion: In elderly patients faced with the COVID-19, social support was negatively associated with the sleep disturbances. We suggest that, increasing social support is important in elderly patients in the clash against COVID-19.
CONTRIBUTION OF RESEARCHERS TO THE STUDY OF ALTAY: TO THE ACTUALIZATION OF THE HERITAGE
Authors:   Altai State Institute of Culture, Mariia Rygalova
Published: April 2021

The paper is dedicated to general issues of integration of historical and cultural heritage into spheres of domestic educational and recreational tourism in Altai region, outlines educative potential of scientific reconstruction and popularization of big routes of Russian and foreign Altai (Russia) explorers and travelers of the 18th – 19th centuries whose names are related with breakthroughs in regional ethnography, geology, botany, etc. among touristic service consumers.
CLUB NIGHT PARTY AS A MODERN CULTURE AND RECREATIONAL PROGRAM: HISTORICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors:   Altai State Institute of Culture, Tatiana Fisiuk
Published: April 2021

Historical pre­-conditions for appearance of the first themed nights that are considered in modern theory as a form of group leisure activities took shape even in the Ancient World. By the end of the 18th century, club nights became a popular form of guest communication. Events of the revolutionary October of 1917 entailed root political, economic, ideological and cultural changes that reflected among others in approaches to organization of mass and group leisure practices of the new Soviet state's citizens. The author discloses her view on a themed night which she suppose was one of the most popular mass form of artistic propaganda till the end of the 1980s. The article outlines the author's version of “themed night” concept definition, describes typical structure of a themed night; also, the article think of today's trends in managing population's leisure activity that a director of cultural and recreational programs should take into account in the context of implementation of technologies of preparation of modern club themed nights.
Analysis of factors affecting audit delay in manufacturing and financial companies listed on IDX
Authors: Muna Eristamia Faizul , Lisiantara G. Anggana
Published: April 2021

The study aims to identify and analyze the factors affecting the audit delay. The study includes a quantitative study using secondary data obtained from the company’s financial statement. The study’s population constituted the entire manufacturing and finance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the year 2018-2019. The sample is collected by using purposive sampling over the listed companies in the criteria that the company publishes the audited financial report as of December 31 and also shows the data needed in the study. The sample which has met the criteria is 510 companies and analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that the industrial type and complexity of the company have a positive influence on the audit delay, the auditor opinions, the reputation of Public Accounting Firm and the company’s size have a negative impact on the audit delay, while the profitability does not affect the audit delay.