bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIRT7 is a prognostic biomarker in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma that is correlated with immune cell infiltration
Authors: Li Ming , Qian Yue , Mu Lili , Wang Yixian , Jin Xue , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2021

Background: SIRT7 has been shown to be expressed in many cancer types, including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), but its functional role in this oncogenic context remains to be firmly defined. This study was designed to explore correlations between SIRT7 and KIRC characteristics using the TCGA database. Methods: Relationships between SIRT7 expression and KIRC patient clinicopathological characteristics were assessed through Kruskal-Wallis tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and logistic regression analyses. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) values were used to assess the prognostic value of SIRT7 as a means of classifying KIRC patients. The functional role of SIRT7 in this cancer type was assessed through GO/KEGG enrichment analyses and immune cell infiltration analyses. Results: In KIRC patients, higher levels of SIRT7 expression were associated with Race, M stage, T stage (all P < 0.05). SIRT7 offered significant diagnostic value in ROC curve analyses (AUC = 0.912), and elevated SIRT7 levels were linked to worse patient overall survival (OS; P < 0.001). The expression of SIRT7 was independently related with KIRC patient OS (HR: 1.827; 95%CI: 1.346-2.481; P<0.001). In GO/KEGG analyses, SIRT7 was found to be associated with ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and nucleotide excision repair. Higher SIRT7 expression was related to the enhanced infiltration of certain immune cells.Conclusions: Increased SIRT7 expression was associated with a worse KIRC patient prognosis, and immune infiltrates, suggesting it may offer value as a prognostic biomarker for this cancer type.
FOXA1 Can Be Modulated by HDAC3 in the Progression of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Lou Tong , Liu Chongdong , Qu Hong , Zhang Zhiqiang , Wang Shuzhen , Zhuang Huiyu
Published: September 2021

FOXA1 is associated with malignant tumors, but the function of FOXA1 in EOC is unclear. HDAC3 can influence the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of EOC. In this study, we wanted to explore the function of FOXA1 in ovarian cancer and the relationship between HDAC3 and FOXA1.The expression of HDAC3 and FOXA1 was detected by immunohistochemical staining of primary lesions from 127 epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients. A proliferation assay, a Transwell assay, an apoptosis assay and animal experiments were used to assess the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis abilities of ovarian cancer cells before and after transfection with FOXA1. The relevance of the in vitro findings was confirmed in xenografts. The H-scores for FOXA1 and HDAC3 staining in FIGO stage III-IV were noticeably higher and predicted adverse clinical outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer. The expression level of HDAC3 was significantly correlated with the expression level of FOXA1. Invasion, proliferation and apoptosis capacity and tumor formation were decreased in the FOXA1-knockdown cells. Experiments in xenografts confirmed that HDAC3 mediated tumor formation. In conclusion, FOXA1 can be modulated by HDAC3 through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and FOXA1 plays essential roles in the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of EOC cell lines and xenograft experiments.
Risk factors for emergency department visit in a prospective open cohort of asthmatic children
Authors: Mahut Bruno , Amat Flore , Bokov Plamen , Delclaux Christophe
Published: September 2021

BackgroundRisk factors of emergency department (ED) visits have mainly been obtained from hospital cohorts.ObjectiveTo evaluate risk factors for ED visits in asthmatic children in an out-of-hospital cohort.MethodsWe led a prospective study in an open cohort of 933 asthmatic children followed-up by a specialized pediatrician. We measured the annualized rate of ED visits since age two and described their characteristics at last visit.ResultsMean age (± SD) at last visit was 11.1 ± 3.3 years, and the annualized rate of ED visit was 0.194 ± 0.356. Two groups were defined: one with no ED visits (n = 463), and the other with at least one ED visit (n = 470). The latter group included younger children, with multiple sensitizations and more frequent early atopic dermatitis, who reported having more inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment and a more severe exacerbation rate in the three months prior to the last visit. Socioeconomic status did not influence the rate of ED visits. In a logistic regression, the absence of hospitalization before 2 years of age and of atopic dermatitis had odds ratios of 0.38 (95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.65) and of 0.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.42–0.79) respectively to predict at least one ED visit. When an asthmatic child had no early hospitalization and no atopic dermatitis, the relative risk of ED visit was decreased by 28%.ConclusionAsthmatic children with an absence of atopic dermatitis and hospitalization before two years of age are less prone to emergency department visit after age two.
Comparative Analysis on Seismicity and Stress Triggering of Strong Earthquakes Sequence in Central Tibet
Authors: Yang Gang , Lei Dongning , Wu Jianchao
Published: September 2021

The Central Tibet constitutes part of the central part of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which is one of the highest seismic activity areas in China. This paper discussed the regularity of seismic activity in this area. Based on a stratified viscoelastic earth model, we calculated the Coulomb stress changes imparted from the 4 strong earthquakes (M≥6.3) the Bengco - southeastern piedmont of Nyainqentanglha mountain fault zone in this region. The result shows that the study area may enter a new active period from 2020. There was a trigger between strong earthquakes (M≥6.3) on the Bengco fault - southeastern piedmont of Nyainqentanglha mountain fault zone. The post-seismic viscous relaxation effect of a strong earthquake had a significant impact on subsequent earthquakes(M≥6.3). In future 100 years, the Coulomb stress loading is more than 1.0 MPa in northwest section of Bengco fault and central of Nimu segment of southeastern piedmont of Nyainqentanglha mountain fault, thence strong earthquakes may occur in this two fault segments. The maximum magnitude of the earthquake will be M6.7 in the future 100 years.
Short-Term Risk of Incision Surgery in The Eyelids of Pediatric and Adolescent Patients With Allergic Conjunctivitis: An Increasingly Important Health Perspective
Authors: Wang Li Lyung , Kwon Ji-Won , Lee Ju-Yeun
Published: September 2021

The global prevalence of allergic diseases has increased dramatically in recent decades. From a global health perspective, they have been considered as a major chronic disease, and the related social burden has also been increasing worldwide. In line with this trend, we investigated the short-term risk of incision surgery for eyelid inflammatory masses in pediatric and adolescent patients with allergic conjunctivitis (AC). The prevalence of AC and incision surgery showed a similar pattern of bimodal peaks during the spring and autumn of South Korea, reflecting the peak allergic seasons. The risk of incision surgery in patients with AC is 4.27 times higher than that of patients without AC and the risk of incision surgery among patients with AC is higher in age between 6-9 years and women. These findings strongly suggests that the incision surgery risk due to eyelid inflammation mass is higher in patients with AC than that of patients without AC. Furthermore, greater attention should be paid to its risk on the age between 6-9 years and women.
Usability of 11C-methionine positron emission tomography for differentiation of intracranial brain tumor from non-neoplastic lesions before treatment
Authors: Yamaki Tomohiro , Higuchi Yoshinori , Iwadate Yasuo , Matsutani Tomoo , Hirono Seiichiro , Sasaki Hikaru , Ryota Sasao , Toda Masahiro , Onodera Shinji , Oka Nobuo , Kobayashi Shigeki
Published: September 2021

We investigated the usability of 11C-methionine positron emission tomography (11C-METPET) for the differentiation of intracranial brain tumors from non-neoplastic lesions before treatment. Among 425 consecutive patients who underwent 11C-METPET imaging, 113 pretreatment patients were analyzed. Quantitative data including mean, peak, and maximum standardized uptake values and the ratios of lesion uptake to mean and maximum contralateral normal frontal lobe gray matter uptake (Lmax/Nmean and Lmax/Nmax), were analyzed. Next, the optimal cut-off for the differential diagnosis of brain tumors from non-neoplastic lesions were determined using receiver-operating characteristics curves. Finally, positive and negative predictive value were calculated. The final diagnoses for brain tumors included central nervous system tumor, lymphoma, and metastatic brain tumor, whereas the non-neoplastic lesions included neurovascular disease, dysplasia, encephalopathy, and inflammatory disease. An Lmax/Nmax of greater than 2.01 and an Lmax/Nmean of greater than 2.23 provided the best sensitivity and specificity for the differential diagnosis of brain tumor. However, the positive and negative predictive value were 96.5% and 47.4%, respectively, for Lmax/Nmax, and 93.7% and 50%, respectively, for Lmax/Nmean. Considering high positive predictive value and low negative predictive value in relation to the diagnosis based on the optimal cut-off, the utilization of 11C-METPET imaging before treatment requires careful attention.
Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome of Han Nationality in Southwest China
Authors: Yao Chengjiao , Li Yilin , Luo Lihong , Xie Fengjiao , Xiong Qin , Li Tinglin , Yang Chunrong , Feng Peimin
Published: September 2021

Backgroud To study of gut microbiota in IBS-D of Han nationality in Southwest China, explore its relationship with environmental factors and differential expression function of gut microbiota in patients. Methods 120 cases of IBS-D group and 63 cases of HCs group were recruited, baseline data such as age, height, weight, monthly income, work intensity, eating habits and exercise were collected. HAMA and HAMD scores were performed on the two groups. IBS-D group was scored with IBS-SSS and IBS-QOL, and the differences in gastrointestinal symptoms, mental and psychological status and quality of life were compared. The laboratory tests were performed such as blood routine and liver function. Fresh feces of the two groups were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. Then analyze the differences of gut microbiota between the two groups, and look for typical biomarkers of each. According to the dominant species and differentially expressed species at different classification levels, FAPROTAX was used to predict the functional differences of gut microbiota between the two groups. Taking the above scores and laboratory tests as environmental factors, spearman correlation analysis was conducted at the phylum level to explore the impact of environmental factors on the occurrence and development of gut microbiota and IBS-D. Results IBS-D patients are mostly concentrated in low-medium income people with medium-high labor intensity. The sleep time, exercise time, intake of vegetables and fruits of IBS-D are significantly lower than those of HCs, and the proportion of IBS-D who like to eat pepper is significantly higher than those of HCs. The scores of HAMA and HAMD, Urea nitrogen, AST, ALT , GGT in IBS-D were significantly higher than those in HCs.The richness of gut microbiota in IBS-D was significantly lower than that in HCs, but not diversity and eveness. The beta diversity index of gut microbiota community was significantly different between the two groups. The biomarkers of IBS-D were Prevotella, Clostridiales and Roseburia, the biomarkers of HCs were Veillonellaceae, Bacteroides-coprocola, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacteriumde, etc. The functions of gut microbiota in IBS-D were significantly up-regulated in cellulolysi, xylanolysis, and significantly down-regulated in fermentation, methanogenesis, nitrite_ammonification, nitrate_reduction. Correlation analysis showed that multiple intestinal microorganisms were closely related to HAMA, IBS-SSS, IBS-QOL, inflammatory indexes and liver enzymes. Conclusion There are significant differences in richness of gut microbiota, flora structure and flora function between IBS-D and HCs in Southwest China. These differences may be closely related to environmental factors such as eating habits, living habits and mental and psychological factors.The trial was registered and approved in China Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No.ChiCTR2100045751)
The Generalized Plant Allometry that Advances Metabolic Ecology Theory
Authors: Sopp Stuart Bryce Dixon , Valbuena Ruben
Published: September 2021

Plant allometry is key for determining the role of forests in global carbon cycles, through the calculation of tree biomass using proxy measurements such as tree diameters or heights. Metabolic ecology theory (MET) considers the general principles that underpin allometry, but MET scaling relationships have been challenged on their lack of fit to empirical data and global applicability. We postulated that MET scaling is applicable only for plant tissues combining conductive and supportive functionality (tracheids), but as plants evolved tissues of specialized conductive functionality (vessels) their allometry progressed into more complex relationships. According to this principle, we deducted generalized MET (gMET) relationships with mechanistically deducted coefficients. Our gMET models proved to have exceptional empirical support against global datasets, achieving unbiased predictions across biomes worldwide. These results prove gMET models to be a crucial improvement to MET-based allometry, providing a universally applicable theoretical framework for worldwide estimations of forest carbon.
An Experimental Evaluation of Particle Impact Dampers Applied on the Tool for Milling of Hardened Steel Complex Surface
Authors: Saciotto Victor Rossi , Diniz Anselmo Eduardo
Published: September 2021

In the manufacturing of dies and molds, vibrations may represent serious problems, since the finishing tool used is usually slender (high Length / Diameter ratio) in order to machine deep cavities with complex geometry, typical of these products. Vibration is an undesirable phenomenon in any machining operation as it can lead to poor surface finish, lower material removal rate and increased tool wear. The use of impact dampers in the tool has proven to be an effective method for reducing vibration in machining processes. Damping occurs through energy dissipation and linear momentum exchange during intermittent collisions between the main structure (in this case the milling tool) and a free mass (spheres or cylinders placed within a tool cavity). Although efficient, these types of dampers are highly nonlinear. Thus, the aim of this work is to analyze the effect of different materials and geometries (steel spheres, tungsten spheres and steel cylinders) acting as impact dampers inside a ball nose end milling tool. To do so, milling of a convex D6 steel surface was performed, comparing commercial tool holders with dampened ones. The results showed that the tools with impact dampers generated lower values of roughness in the workpiece (around 30% of the value observed in the conventional steel tool holder for the case of steel cylinders and around 40% for both spheres) and presented lower levels of vibration when compared to the same tool without the impact damper, mainly in the machining of workpiece regions where radial and tangential forces are predominant. The tool which used tungsten spheres generated roughness surfaces similar to those obtained with steel spheres, while the tool that used steel cylinders only generated lower roughness in the regions where the axial force component is not predominant, which shows that their performance is highly dependent on the resulting force direction.
New insights into the role of PTCH1 protein in serous ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Karin-Kujundzic Valentina , Covarrubias-Pinto Adriana , Skrtic Anita , Vranic Semir , Serman Ljiljana
Published: September 2021

Background

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is essential for normal embryonic development, while its hyperactivation in adult organism is associated with development of various cancers, including ovarian cancer. The role of the Hh signaling pathway in ovarian cancer, as well as in certain histological subtypes of ovarian cancer, is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the role of PTCH1 protein and changes in the promoter methylation status of the corresponding gene, in a cohort of low- (LGSC) and high-grade (HGSC) serous ovarian carcinomas and HGSC cell lines (OVCAR5, OVCAR8 and OVSAHO).
Methods

PTCH1 protein expression level was analyzed using immunohistochemistry in tissue samples, and by immunofluorescence and Western blot in cell lines. DNA methylation pattern of PTCH1 gene were analyzed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare differences in expression of PTCH1 protein among ovarian tumor samples compared with normal tissue samples, while Spearman’s correlation was used to test the association between DNA promoter methylation of the PTCH1 gene and expression of the corresponding protein.
Results

PTCH1 protein expression level was significantly higher in HGSCs and LGSCs compared with control tissues (healthy ovaries and fallopian tubes). Similarly, cancer cell lines exhibited significantly higher PTCH1 protein expression in comparison with normal fallopian tube non-ciliated epithelium cell line (FNE1). Nuclear localization of the PTCH1 protein in tumor tissue and cultured tumor cells suggests that this protein could play an active tumor promoter role in the nuclei of serous ovarian carcinoma cells. PTCH1 protein fragments of different molecular weights were detected in the cell lines, indicating possible proteolytic cleavage of this protein, resulting in the generation of soluble N-terminal fragments that are translocated to the nucleus. DNA methylation of the PTCH1 gene promoter was not in line with the expression level of this protein, suggesting that possibly other mechanisms, either epigenetic or posttranslational, regulate PTCH1 gene expression and protein level in serous ovarian carcinomas.
Conclusions

Our results indicate that PTCH1 protein could play an active tumor promoter role in the pathogenesis of serous ovarian carcinoma.
Micro-Extrusion Process And Microstructure Evolution of Miniature Heat Pipe In 6063 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Liu Yongda , Xu Jie , Zhang Zhengwu , Liu Gang , Shan Debin , Zhang Lixin , Guo Bin
Published: September 2021

Micro-extrusion process of miniature heat pipe with axial micro grooves is particularly difficult due to ultra-large extrusion ratio and complex cross-sectional shape. In this study, the shape control of a miniature heat pipe in 6063 aluminum alloy with boundary dimension of 5×4 mm has been successfully realized during micro-extrusion. Micro-extrusion process and microstructure evolution of the miniature heat pipe were investigated by the combination of finite element (FE) analysis with experiments. The results show that material flow deformation behavior during micro-extrusion is highly affected by size effect, and lower ram speed is conductive to forming integrity, dimension accuracy and surface quality of the heat pipe profile. The primary mechanism for micro-extrusion failure of micro-grooves is severely more uneven material flow between the micro rib and base region at higher ram speed, which is caused by size effect and results in shear deformation and even fractures of micro rib. Further research shows that, compared to the extrusion using as-cast billets, much coarser grains were obtained after micro-extrusion using as-extruded billets at an ultra-large extrusion ratio of 205. Besides that, the entirely different texture components after extrusion were obtained instead of the typical < 100 > //ED or < 111 > //ED fiber texture components. These atypical texture components can be regarded as texture deviating from ideal texture by a certain angle (15° or 20°) along φ axis or φ1 axis.
Image-level trajectory inference of tau pathology using variational autoencoder for Flortaucipir PET
Authors: Hong Jimin , Kang Seung Kwan , Alberts Ian , Lu Jiaying , Sznitman Raphael , Lee Jae Sung , Rominger Axel , Choi Hongyoon , Shi Kuangyu
Published: September 2021

PurposeAlzheimer’s disease (AD) studies revealed that abnormal deposition of tau spreads in a specific spatial pattern, namely Braak stage. However, Braak staging is based on post mortem brains, each of which represents the cross-section of the tau trajectory in disease progression, and numerous studies were reported that does not conform to this model. This study aimed to identify the tau trajectory and additionally quantify the tau progress in a data-driven approach using the continuous latent space learned by variational autoencoder (VAE). Methods1080 [18F]Flortaucipir brain PET images were collected from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. VAE was built to compress the hidden features from tau images in latent space. Hierarchical clustering and minimum spanning tree were applied to organize the features and calibrate them to the tau progression, thus deriving pseudo-time. The image-level tau trajectory was inferred by continuously sampling across the calibrated latent features. We assessed the pseudo-time with regards to tau standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) in AD-vulnerable regions, amyloid deposit, glucose metabolism, cognitive scores and clinical diagnosis. ResultsWe identified 4 clusters that plausibly capture certain stages of AD and organized the clusters in the latent space. The inferred tau trajectory agreed with the Braak staging. According to the derived pseudo-time, tau first deposits in the parahippocampal and amygdala, and then spreads to fusiform, inferior temporal lobe, and posterior cingulate. Prior to the regional tau deposition, amyloid accumulates first. ConclusionThe spatiotemporal trajectory of tau progression inferred in this study was consistent with Braak staging, and the profile of other biomarkers in disease progression agreed well with previous findings. We addressed that this approach additionally carries a potential to quantify tau progression as a continuous variable taking a whole-brain tau image into account.
Transcriptome Profiles of Anopheles Gambiae Harboring Natural Low-Level Plasmodium Infection Reveal Adaptive Advantages For The Mosquito
Authors: Carr Ann , Rinker David C. , Dong Yuemei , Dimopoulos George , Zwiebel Laurence J.
Published: September 2021

Anopheline mosquitoes are the sole vectors for the Plasmodium pathogens responsible for malaria, which is among the oldest and most devastating of human diseases. The continuing global impact of malaria reflects the evolutionary success of a complex vector-pathogen relationship that accordingly has been the long-term focus of both debate and study. An open question in the biology of malaria transmission is the impact of naturally occurring low-level Plasmodium infections of the vector on the mosquito’s health and longevity as well as critical behaviors such as host-preference/seeking. To begin to answer this, we have completed a comparative RNAseq-based transcriptome profile study examining the effect of biologically salient, salivary gland transmission-stage Plasmodium infection on the molecular physiology of Anopheles gambiae s.s. head, sensory appendage, and salivary glands. When compared with their uninfected counterparts, Plasmodium infected mosquitoes exhibit increased transcript abundance of genes associated with olfactory acuity as well as a range of synergistic processes that align with increased fitness based on both anti-aging and reproductive advantages. Taken together, these data argue against the long-held paradigm that malaria infection is pathogenic for anophelines and, instead, suggests there are biological and evolutionary advantages for the mosquito that drive the preservation of its high vectorial capacity.
Robustness of Majorana Zero-energy State in a Spin-orbit Coupled Semiconductor/superconductor Heterostructure
Authors: Wang Zheng
Published: September 2021

Based on the principle of linearized stability proposed by Lyapounov, we investigate the robustness of Majorana zero energy state (MZES), which plays an important role in topological quantum computation. Our study is different from previous works that usually explore the stability of MZES by the numerical test of some special perturbations, our treatment is suitable for arbitrary perturbations. Since our method follows the stability theory of differential equation, the results we obtained are reliable. As an example, we demonstrate it by the stability of MZES in the spin-orbit coupled semiconductor/ superconductor junction, the analytical and numerical results indicate that the MZES is unstable in this system.
Quality Control for Lignin and Gelatin Microcapsules Loaded with Orange Essential Oil
Authors: Aguiar Maria Clara , Denadae Bárbara , Silva Maria Fátima , Fernandes João , Bittencourt Paulo , Scremin Fernando , Forim Moacir
Published: September 2021

Sustainable natural product-based microstructured systems and biopolymers are strong candidates for use in crop protection. Lignin and gelatin microcapsules loaded with orange essential oil were developed with spray-drying in order to enhance its potential. We evaluated the microparticle controlled release mechanisms, biological effects, structural and thermal properties. A quantitative method using headspace-gas chromatography was developed and evaluated for the controlled release of the essential oils. Controlled release studies showed a linear relationship between the biopolymer and essential oil concentrations when retaining volatile compounds. Thermal analyses demonstrated increases in essential oil stability when microencapsulated, especially for lignin as a biopolymer. These results showed that biopolymer type was the main factor influencing quality analysis parameters. Finally, microcapsules loaded with orange essential oil were applied in a bioassay, and showed gains in toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda compared to non-encapsulated oil.
Development of a mathematical model of frequency controlled induction electric drive
Authors: Darimbaeva Nazira , Mustafin Marat , Almuratova Nurgul , Zhauyt Algazy
Published: September 2021

A mathematical model of a frequency-controlled induction (asynchronous) electric drive is proposed, which makes it possible to study electromagnetic and electromechanical processes in an electric drive with any drive mechanism and takes into account the non-sinusoidality of the output voltage of the frequency converter. The block diagram of the algorithms of calculations performed in the “Mathcad” computer application, the results of modeling and their analysis are presented.
THE TIBET MIRROR AS A NEW IMPETUS… IN TIBETAN LITERARY WRITING
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Moskaleva Natalia , Grokhovskiy Pavel ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: September 2021

Yul phyogs so so’i gsar ‘gyur me long (or The Tibet Mirror) is one of the first periodicals in the Tibetan language. It was published in Kalimpong, India, for 38 years (1925–1963) by a remarkable Tibetan religious and public leader Dorje Tharchin. Inspired by the liberal British press and willing to share with his compatriots both international and latest local news, Dorje Tharchin attempted to change the conventional Tibetan world outlook and at the same time to preserve Tibetan culture in the Indian-Tibetan border area by launching the first ever periodical in the Tibetan language issued by a Tibetan editor. Of a variety of possible approaches towards The Tibet Mirror, this paper chooses the one which aims to explore the periodical from a perspective of its input on the Tibetan literary activity. Yul phyogs so so’i gsar ‘gyur me long not only presents one of the first examples of Tibetan mass media, but also contains first pieces of the modern Tibetan writing which determined the future development of a new Tibetan literary functional style, a journalistic (or publicistic) style in particular. The examples of the new functional genres are presented in the paper based on the study of the actual content of the first six issues of the periodical (Vol. I No. 1–6, dated 1925–1926).
ILLUSTRATIONS DEPICTING THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE MYTHICAL CITY… OF TIBETAN MEDICINE
Authors:   Medical University of Vienna, Sabernig Katharina
Published: September 2021

The first chapter of the most famous treatise in Tibetan medicine called Four Treatises (Rgyud bzhi) characterises the environmental preconditions in order to practice medicine in a perfect way. One of these aspects is the description of the mythical city called Lta na sdug where a precious palace of the Buddha of medicine is situated. The origin of the text passage and, hence, the geographical location of this mythical city is discussed controversially in the current literature. This paper, however, argues that it is possible that the suggested principles are applicable at any suitable place of Tibetan medical practice if they were adapted to the local environment as long as most of the described parameters are adhered to symbolically. Different types of visual expressions depicting features of the city as described in this introductory chapter will be compared. First, plate number one of the famous seventeenth century thangka collection to the Blue Beryl commentary stored in Ulan-Ude presents a rather orthodox interpretation of these circumstances. Second, not a painting but a three-dimensional example of monastic cityplanning: the medical murals in the inner courtyard of the Medical Faculty and the architectural arrangement of the Faculty within the whole cloister indicate that the local authorities may have regarded Labrang territory as a material form of Lta na sdug. Third, yet another pair of murals in a small monastery painted by the same artist as the murals at Labrang monastery present an alternative, vivid way of depiction.
Hiperparatiroidismo primario por adenoma paratiroideo doble con glándulas paratiroides eutópica y ectópica
Authors: D’Addino José Luis , Grosso Cristina Patricia , Meza Geraldo , Zabala Magali
Published: September 2021

El hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPTP) es una afección producida por el exceso de secreción de hormona paratiroidea a partir de glándulas paratiroides que funcionan autárquicamente. Constituye la causa más común de hipercalcemia en la población. Por su embriología, las paratiroides son glándulas que pueden tener localizaciones ectópicas de forma frecuente. El HPTP se presenta en forma esporádica en el 90% de los casos, resultante en general de un adenoma único con expansiones monoclonales de una estirpe celular única. Menos frecuentemente (2-15%), se asocia con un segundo adenoma funcionante. La forma familiar (10%) se asocia a síndrome de neoplasias endócrinas múltiples (NEM) como NEM 1 y NEM 2A. Se presenta un caso de adenoma paratiroideo doble, con el segundo adenoma paratiroideo localizado en el mediastino, describiéndose los estudios preoperatorios y de localización glandular, así como los hallazgos operatorios.
Saponins in Management of Hepatic Disorders: A Review
Authors: Chaudhary Jasmine , Jain Akash , Dahiya Randhir
Published: September 2021

Liver disease is one of the major factors responsible for increased morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Presently, limited therapeutic options are available to treat liver diseases. Moreover,
allopathic medications are a double-edged sword due to their unfavorable side effects and exaggerated
cost of therapy associated with the treatment. Transplantation of the liver is still in infancy
state and is associated with staggering cost as well as non-accessibility of donors. Moreover, the
cost of treatment is also a very significant hindrance in the treatment of liver disorders. Therefore,
the focus is shifting to evaluate the potential of herbal drugs for the management of liver disorders.
Although the course of treatment with the herbals is slow yet, the effects are more promising due to
lesser side effects and reduced cost of therapy. Numerous plants have been reported to possess hepatoprotective
activity due to the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins,
etc. Among these phytoconstituents, saponins are considered more promising candidates in the management
of hepatic disorders. The present review is focused on the plants containing saponins
used in the management of hepatic disorders with their underlying mechanisms.
Nanotherapeutics in Tumour Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Rana Dhwani , Salave Sagar , Longare Suraj , Agarwal Rishabh , Kalia Kiran , Benival Derajram
Published: September 2021

Background:

Cancer continues to be the most annihilating illness and despite vast
research in understanding cancer biology as well as rational drug designing progressing profoundly,
cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide. The conventional
chemotherapeutic agents being exploited for cancer therapy contain several limitations, including
less selectivity, nonspecific targeting and high off-target effects, and the emergence of
multidrug resistance. These drawbacks can be addressed by employing the use of nanotherapeutics.

Objective:

The main objective of this review is to summarize various mechanisms of cancer
genesis. It focuses on several strategies employed for modifying nano formulations for localization
and emerging stimuli-based nanotherapeutics with recent examples.

Methods:

The method involved the collection of the articles from different search engines like
Google, PubMed, and ScienceDirect for the literature to get appropriate information regarding
the topics.

Results:

Studies revealed that nanoscale-based therapy provides targeted delivery, minimizes
the off-target effects, and improves the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment modalities. The
characteristics of nanoparticles like larger surface area become favourable and provide a platform
for surface modifications, thereby improving cell targeting, internalization, and opportunities
for delivering multiple agents. Advances in rational designing like stimuli-responsive
therapies employing the use of sensitive nanocarriers, further provide high specificity, controlled
release, and more efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.

Conclusion:

Characteristics of the nanoscale delivery system like larger surface area provide
us with ample options for desired modifications, hence providing multimodal delivery of
chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Nano therapy serves well as a potential tool for
improving cancer therapies.
Withdrawal Notice: Applications of Microbubbes as a Nano-carrier for cancer Theranostics
Authors: Chaudhary Atul , setia Aseem , Singh Dilpreet , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: September 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

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Comparing Public Sentiment Toward COVID-19 Vaccines Across Canadian Cities: Analysis of Comments on Reddit
Authors: Yan Cathy , Law Melanie , Nguyen Stephanie , Cheung Janelle , Kong Jude
Published: September 2021

Background

Social media enables the rapid consumption of news related to COVID-19 and serves as a platform for discussions. Its richness in text-based data in the form of posts and comments allows researchers to identify popular topics and assess public sentiment. Nonetheless, the vast majority of topic extraction and sentiment analysis based on social media is performed on the platform or country level and does not account for local culture and policies.

Objective

The aim of this study is to use location-based subreddits on Reddit to study city-level variations in sentiments toward vaccine-related topics.

Methods

Comments on posts providing regular updates on COVID-19 statistics in the Vancouver (r/vancouver, n=49,291), Toronto (r/toronto, n=20,764), and Calgary (r/calgary, n=21,277) subreddits between July 13, 2020, and June 14, 2021, were extracted. Latent Dirichlet allocation was used to identify frequently discussed topics. Sentiment (joy, sadness, fear, and anger) scores were assigned to comments through random forest regression.

Results

The number of comments on the 250 posts from the Vancouver subreddit positively correlated with the number of new daily COVID-19 cases in British Columbia (R=0.51, 95% CI for slope 0.18-0.29; P<.001). From the comments, 13 topics were identified. Two were related to vaccines, 1 regarding vaccine uptake and the other about vaccine supply. The levels of discussion for both topics were linked to the total number of vaccines administered (Granger test for causality, P<.001). Comments pertaining to either topic displayed higher scores for joy than for other topics (P<.001). Calgary and Toronto also discussed vaccine uptake. Sentiment scores for this topic differed across the 3 cities (P<.001).

Conclusions

Our work demonstrates that data from city-specific subreddits can be used to better understand concerns and sentiments around COVID-19 vaccines at the local level. This can potentially lead to more targeted and publicly acceptable policies based on content on social media.
Corporate Financial Risk Management Interventions in the Organic Agri-Food Chains
Authors: Scarciofalo Licia
Published: September 2021

This study arises from the need to propose an alternative solution to existing hedging methods to all companies interested in hedging the price risk of raw materials. The research focuses mainly on the actors of the agri-food supply chains, in particular the organic sector, given the growing trend of the cultivation methodology and the need to protect entrepreneurs involved in short-chain spinneret who have less possibility of relieve higher costs incurred to ensure the sustainability of the product. However, our analysis envisages a customizable hedging method for any company that intends to protect itself from the price fluctuations of the commodity that represents the inherent nature of its business. The technique consists in the construction of specific contracts (in particular, derivative financial instruments) by investment banks or commercial banks oriented to the corporate segment that offer this service. Personalization is achieved by calibrating the constituent elements of the derivative on the basis of hedging needs. The parameterization is carried out by replicating the contractual specifications of the main futures on commodities listed on regulated markets. This will allow the creation of a combination of option contracts listed on the over-the-counter market in an overall strategy aimed at medium-long term hedging.
An Energy-Efficient Mobile Sink based Clustering using Simulated Annealing for Traversing
Authors: Jadon Shubhangi
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Over recent decades, both scientific and commercial societies have been seeing the progress of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Clustering is the most common form of growing WSN lifetime. The optimal number of cluster heads (CHs) & structure of clusters are the main problems in clustering techniques. The paper focuses on an efficient CH preference mechanism that rotates CH between nodes amid a greater energy level than others. Original energy, residual energy as well as the optimum value of CHs is assumed to be used by the algo for the choice of the next category of IoT-capable network cluster heads including ecosystem control, smart cities, or devices. The updated version of K-medium algo k-means++. Meanwhile, Simulated Annealing is implemented as the shortest path tree for mobile nodes which is constructed to establish the connection between the nodes for finding the shortest and secure path for data transmission hence resulting in faster data sending and receiving process. Keywords: WSN, CH selection, Residual energy (RE), Network Lifetime, Energy-efficient (EE)
L’Armée canadienne et les médias en Afghanistan : quelle évolution de l’intégration et des relations dans les opérations?
Authors: Bizimana Aimé-Jules
Published: September 2021

Background: After the Americans in Iraq, the Canadian military implemented media embedding in Afghanistan. This article examines the evolution of embedding as a communication strategy and considers military-media relations in operations.

Analysis: The analysis distinguishes between three phases: 1) a phase of experimentation with the first program in Kabul in 2003; 2) a phase of consolidation with a program intended for the combat mission in Kandahar; 3) a phase of tension with elements of friction that had an impact on war coverage.

Conclusions and implications: This article reveals military-media relations that alternate between trust and mistrust. Embedding is a surveillance apparatus that offers regulated access without censorship but with a subtle alternation between openness and closure.
Cloaked Meaning and Moral Craftwork: Progress and Perpetual Problems in the News Coverage of Indigenous Peoples and Canada’s Justice System
Authors: DeCillia Brooks
Published: September 2021

Background: This research offers a critical analysis of the “moral craftwork” of the news media’s coverage of Canada’s Indigenous peoples and the justice system.

Analysis: This study’s thematic analysis of three case studies, spanning almost two decades, suggests a potential shift in how Canadian journalists report on racism and structural inequalities. Recent news coverage points toward a more transparent dialogue about racism.

Conclusions and implications: This study finds problematic journalistic practices linger, occluding a broader understanding of racism and colonialism. This research aims to expand the reflexivity of journalists by spotlighting this type of storytelling.
Even Canadians Find It a Bit Boring: A Report on the Banality of Multiculturalism
Authors: McNeil Daniel
Published: September 2021

Background: This article draws on municipal, provincial, and federal archives to examine multiculturalism as an ideology, a government strategy, and a media discourse.

Analysis: The author scrutinizes official and corporate forms of multiculturalism in Canada between 1971 and 2003, and develops case studies of “tempered radicals” who worked with and within small-l liberal institutions and discourses while trying to change them.

Conclusions and implications: The author suggests that the keyword “shy elitism” might be a helpful tool to address the forms of credentialism and anti-intellectualism that have often confined and defined the study of multiculturalism.
Inference Claims as Assertions
Authors: Mckeon Matthew William
Published: September 2021

When a speaker states an argument in arguing—in its core sense—for the conclusion, the speaker asserts, as opposed to merely implies or implicates, the associated inference claim to the effect that the conclusion follows from the premises. In defense of this, I argue that how an inference claim is conveyed when stating an argument is constrained by constitutive and normative conditions for core cases of the speech of arguing for a conclusion. The speech act of assertion better reflects such conditions than does implication, conversational implicature, or conventional implicature.
PERTIMBANGAN HUKUM HAKIM DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PIDANA KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (Analisis Putusan Nomor 99/Pid.Sus/2018/PN Bna.)
Authors: Nauval Muhammad , Devy Soraya , Syuib Muhammad
Published: September 2021

ABSTRAKBerdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga dalam Pasal 5a dan 5b serta Pasal 6 dan Pasal 7 yang menjelaskan tentang kekerasan fisik dan psikis dalam lingkup rumah tangga. Melihat putusan Nomor 99/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.Bna. Kasus tersebut jika kita lihat dari segi perbuatan pelaku terhadap korban maka kurang pantas jika diputuskan hukuman hanya 20 hari penjara, dikarenakan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh korban tidak setimpal dengan hukuman yang diberikan kepada pelaku. Selain itu juga didalam putusan terdapat dua dakwaan yang dakwaan pertama dakwaan primer Pasal 44 ayat (1) dengan maksimal penjara 5 tahun, sedangkan dakwaan kedua dakwaan subsidair Pasal 44 ayat (4) dengan maksimal penjara paling lama 4 bulan. Akan tetapi putusan yang dijatuhkan hakim hanya 20 hari penjara berdasarkan pertimbangan dakwaan primer. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimana pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana KDRT dan bagaimana pandangan hukum pidana Islam terhadap perbuatan terdakwa pada putusan Nomor 99/Pid.Sus/2018 di Pengadilan Negeri Banda  Aceh. Kajian ini mengunakan metode penelitian deskriptif analisis, untuk memberikan gambaran secara utuh dan kongkret, metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dengan mengunakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dan penelitian pustaka (library research). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dengan hakim yang mengadili perkara tersebut dan diperoleh dari sumber data primer maupun data sekunder. Hasil penelitian yang ditemukan bahwa, dasar pertimbangan hukum hakim dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana KDRT sesuai dengan Putusan 99/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.Bna mengunakan pertimbangan unsur setiap orang dan unsur melakukan kekerasan fisik, sedangkan keterangan hakim saat wawancara majelis hakim lebih  mempertimbangkan sikap dan cara terdakwa memberikan keterangan, selain itu juga dikarenakan terdakwa meminta maaf dan berjanji tidak mengulanginya lagi. Adapun menurut pandangan hukum pidana Islam pertimbangan hukum hakim terhadap perbuatan yang dilakukan pelaku digolongkan pada tindak pidana atas selain jiwa, yaitu tindakan yang tidak sampai menghilangkan nyawa, dan berlaku ketetapan hukuman qishas. Hakim boleh menjatuhkan berdasarkan pertimbangannya, namun tetap berpegang teguh pada landasan yuridis yang telah ditetapkan. Kata Kunci: Pertimbangan Hukum Hakim, Pidana dan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga
Development of a Short Scale to Measure Sustainable Product Involvement
Authors: Conejo Francisco J. , Rojas Wilson , Zamora Ana Lucy , Young Clifford E.
Published: September 2021

This study develops a short, general scale to measure sustainable product involvement. This is done in a Costa Rican context, via a relatively large sample, demographically similar to the national population. The study also evaluates the viability of the C-OAR-SE scaling technique for this purpose. A five-item instrument is developed, its reliability and validity psychometrically confirmed. The scale addresses the levels and types of involvement that consumers might have. It suits not only academic researchers, but also practitioners in different areas. We conclude that C-OAR-SE is a viable technique. It complements traditional psychometric methods well so as to be considered by researchers in the different fields of business.