bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Stress Management and Public Speaking through Academic Achivement
Authors: Nurul Husna
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of stress management and public speaking on the academic achievement of students. This research was conducted using a quantitative method, with a sample of 35 students with accidental sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results of the study show that Stress Management and Public Speaking, can influence the dependent variable, namely Academic Achivement, by 42,2%, while other variables outside this study influence the remaining 57,8%.  The implications of this study are the importance for students to improve their stress management and public speaking skills. This can be done by attending training or seminars, as well as by practicing stress management and public speaking techniques in daily life.
Sultan III. Ahmed’in Kızı Ayşe Sultan’ın Hayatı ve Vakıfları
Authors: Güler Mustafa , Biçer Ramazan Hüseyin
Published: October 2024

Padişah kızlarının hayatları ve kurdukları hayır müesseseleri, hanedanın evlilik politikalarının, bürokratik ilişkilerinin ve dönemin şahıslarının hayat hikâyelerinin detaylarını öğrenmemiz açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Hayatlarının tamamını İstanbul’da ve saray çevresinde geçiren padişah kızlarının doğumlarından itibaren eğitimleri ve evlilik hayatlarında babaları oldukça etkili olmuştur. Bu kapsamda padişah kızlarının, eğitimlerini aldıktan sonra öne çıkan ve güvenilir devlet adamlarıyla evlendirilmeleri geleneği, son döneme kadar devam etmiştir. Sultan III. Ahmed’in kızı Ayşe Sultan’ın yaşamı da XVIII. asır saray hayatı ve Osmanlı hanedanı hakkında önemli bilgiler vermektedir. O, 58 yıllık ömründe üç evlilik geçirmiş ve bir kız çocuğu sahibi olmuştur. 11 yaşındayken Silahtar İstanbulî Mehmed Paşa ile ilk evliliğini yapmış, kocasının vefatından 3 yıl sonra Râtip Ahmed Paşa ile evlenmiştir. Son evliliğini ise Tırhala Valisi Silahtar Mehmed Paşa ile yapmıştır. Kurduğu vakfına sahibi olduğu arazileri ve çiftlikleri akar olarak bağışlamıştır. Kurduğu vakfa akar olarak kendisine verilen bazı çiftlikleri, bağ ve bahçeleri yazdırmıştır. Bir de çeşme yaptırmış, bu sebeple de ismi, bâni hanım sultanlar arasında yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada da Ayşe Sultan’ın doğumundan ölümüne kadar hayatı, evlilikleri, sahip olduğu mülkler ve kurmuş olduğu vakfın akarları ile vakfının hayır cihetleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca eşleri ile çocuğunun hayatlarına da temas edilmiştir. Eşlerinden bazılarının ölüm tarihleri ile ilgili çelişkiler de bu çalışmayla giderilmiştir. Çalışmada, dönemin kroniklerinin yanında Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü ile Başkanlık Osmanlı Arşivi'nde bulunan belgelere başvurulmuştur.
Formation of a Credible Methodological Framework for Epidemiological Forecasting of the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Ivanova A. V. , Safronov V. A.
Published: October 2024

The high medical and social significance of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Russia is a valid argument in favor of developing qualitatively new approaches to predicting epidemiological complications. The complex nature of interaction of factors determining the intensity of epidemic manifestations requires the continuation of the search for the most reliable prognostic criteria for pre-epidemic diagnosis of HFRS, providing the completeness of information that is necessary in modern conditions to optimize the epidemic process management. The aim of the work was to form an objective methodological basis for predicting the epidemiological situation on HFRS through the use of machine learning in modeling the effect of combinations of abiotic risk factors on the actual incidence of HFRS. Materials and methods. The study materials comprised the data on 10,788 cases of HFRS, registered in the Saratov Region between 1982 and 2022. More than 46 thousand values of meteorological indicators obtained from the archive of the database of meteorological observations for the period of 1981–2023 of the Saratov – South-East meteorological station, presented in the open access by the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia, are considered as factors likely to influence the epidemic process of HFRS. The development of a neural network forecasting model is based on a specialized module of the Loginom platform version 7.1. Results and discussion. The paper presents the advantages of neural network forecasting of complications of the epidemiological situation on HFRS based on the analysis of complex, nonlinear dependencies of the influence of abiotic factors on the morbidity among the population. A standard scenario for neural network forecasting of epidemic complications due to HFRS has been developed and a prognostic model of incidence in the Saratov Region has been tested. It is shown that the use of neural network algorithms allows to obtain a forecast of the possible development of the epidemiological situation on HFRS in the future with a probability of 98.8 %, which will ensure a qualitative transition from expert forecasting to independent analysis of epidemiological trends, significantly increasing the information capacities and importance of forecasting when planning and conducting preventive measures by the efforts of Rospotrebnadzor institutions.
Multifaceted Approach to Assessing and Forecasting the Immune Response to Vaccination in Population Immunized against Plague
Authors: Kudryavtseva O. M. , Goncharova A. Yu. , Kozhevnikov V. A. , Bugorkova S. A.
Published: October 2024

Ensuring the preventive anti-plague vaccination and the rational use of immunoprophylaxis means entail an adequate and timely assessment of their effectiveness. In the absence of mass cases of plague, it is impossible to objectively assess the actual (epidemiological) effectiveness of anti-plague vaccination means and methods, therefore, the analysis of efficacy shifts towards studying individual indicators of the immune response to the introduction of a vaccine, and the immunological efficacy of vaccination becomes a key factor that ultimately ensures its epidemiological effect. The aim of the work – as part of a comprehensive evaluation – was to determine the nature of individual immune response and characterize the group immune responsiveness of persons vaccinated against plague in order to build up a methodology for individual and group adjustment of the anti-plague vaccination regimen. Materials and methods. We used an array of information data obtained during monitoring of post-vaccination immunity in individuals immunized with live plague vaccine (LPV), presented in the form of a database. To analyze diseases in the post-vaccination period among the vaccinated population, a five-year retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the incidence of acute and exacerbation of chronic diseases in people vaccinated and not vaccinated against plague. Results and discussion. Persons vaccinated against plague were ranked according to the level of immune responsiveness. The nature of individual immune response was revealed and the group immunoreactivity of vaccinated individuals was characterized. The possibility of predicting the intensity of the immune response to vaccination has been determined. The frequency of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in individuals annually vaccinated against plague has been assessed. As a result of the distribution of vaccinated individuals according to the level of immune responsiveness and taking into account AEFI, the possibility of forecasting the individual and group immunoreactivity of vaccinated individuals has been determined to justify timely correction of the LPV administration regimen.
Assessment of the Influence of Climatic Factors on the Incidence of Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever: a Comprehensive Analysis of Data for Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey and Iran between 1999 and 2022
Authors: Lizinfeld I. A. , Pshenichnaya N. Yu. , Naidenova E. V. , Gurkin G. A. , Blinova K. D. , Abuova G. N. , Leblebicioglu H. , Mardani M. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, the epidemiology of vector-borne infectious diseases has changed significantly due to global warming, which affects the habitats of vectors and increases the rate of spread of pathogens. This can lead to both the expansion of the boundaries of existing and the emergence of new natural foci of infectious diseases, including Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF). The aim of the study was to comprehensively assess the possible impact of climatic factors on the incidence of CHF in the endemic areas of Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey and Iran in 1999–2022. Materials and methods. The data on the number of laboratory-confirmed cases of CHF in the endemic regions of Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey and Iran were analyzed and compared with annual climatic indicators (average annual temperature, the highest and lowest average annual temperatures and average annual precipitation) starting from 1999. Results and discussion. During the observation period, the incidence of CHF in the regions under consideration was featured in a variety of trends. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relation between the average annual precipitation and CHF cases (rxy=0.553; p<0.001), while temperature parameters were not statistically significant. Regression analysis confirmed the importance of dummy variables representing countries and time period, but did not show statistically significant relations between climatic factors. The total (in the countries under consideration) average annual precipitation is a statistically significant factor (b=1.600; s.e.=0.192; p<0.001), which emphasizes the potential impact of changing climatic conditions on the spread of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. The multiple linear regression method revealed a statistically significant effect of the highest air temperature (b=27.645; s.e.=7.859; p<0.001) and precipitation (b=1.473; s.e.=0.197; p<0.001) on the incidence of CHF. The study shows the need to include annual climate forecasting in CHF control strategies and to develop unified monitoring systems for a more accurate assessment of the epidemiological situation in endemic regions.
New Focus of Hantavirus Seoul in the Far East of Russia
Authors: Yashina L. N. , Smetannikova N. A. , Zdanovskaya N. I. , Poleshchuk D. N. , Lapin A. S. , Koval’sky A. G.
Published: October 2024

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is registered annually among residents of Khabarovsk city, Russia. The aim of the study was to conduct a genetic analysis of hantaviruses, the causative agents of HFRS, in residents of Khabarovsk city and in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), a natural reservoir of Seoul virus (SEOV), captured in Khabarovsk and its suburbs. Materials and methods. Blood sera samples from 75 patients with HFRS, collected in 2016–2023 (blood plasma – in 2017) and samples from 1468 Norway rats, captured during 2011–2023, were investigated. Results and discussion. We have demonstrated the presence of the Seoul virus (SEOV) in samples of Norway rats from the city of Khabarovsk and the suburban settlement Priamursky, Jewish Autonomous Region; 2 RNA isolates of the SEOV virus, 33 isolates of the Hantaan virus (HTNV), 9 isolates of the Amur virus (AMRV) – in patients with HFRS from Khabarovsk. Phylogenetic analysis of partial S and L segments of the genome has revealed that three RNA isolates of SEOV from Norway rats and two isolates from HFRS patients are most closely related (99 % homology) to strains from China and are different from the variant of SEOV from Vladivostok. It is assumed that the urban focus of the Seoul virus in Khabarovsk and its environs was formed as a result of the importation of virus carriers from China, where this variant of the virus is widespread. The data obtained indicate that the incidence of HFRS in residents of Khabarovsk, caused by infection with the HTNV and AMRV viruses, is associated with visits to various rural areas of the Far East.
Performance Capabilities of a Mobile Laboratory for Supporting Immunological Monitoring in Natural Plague Foci
Authors: Bugorkova S. A. , Kudryavtseva O. M. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: October 2024

Mobile laboratories for implementing anti-epidemic measures in the territories of natural plague foci perform an important function of ensuring sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the country. The aim of the study was to determine the range of areas and tactics for deploying mobile laboratories to ensure the current tasks of immunological monitoring over the health status of the population at risk in the territory of a natural plague focus. Retrospective analysis of the results of long-term immunological monitoring of the risk contingent vaccinated against plague was carried out. The possibilities and prospects for using a mobile laboratory for immunological monitoring within the framework of ensuring the tasks and functions of the Rospotrebnadzor have been determined. Mobile laboratories for immunological monitoring expand the capacities to solve operational issues related to the provision of specific prophylaxis of particularly dangerous infectious diseases, and their deployment as part of other mobile units of the Sanitary-Epidemiological Service will contribute to a more accurate delimitation of the territory, volume, scope and priority of any given preventive measure.
Smallpox Vaccine LC16m8: Production, Properties, and Prospects
Authors: Stovba L. F. , Chukhralya O. V. , Petrov A. A. , Mel’nikov S. A. , Pavel’ev D. I. , Borisevich S. V.
Published: October 2024

Abrogation of obligatory vaccination against smallpox has lead to degradation of herd immunity and humanity has become vulnerable to long known infections, such as monkeypox (mpox), cowpox, camelpox, buffalopox and emerging ones, caused by viruses Alaska and Akhmeta. This situation demands availability of safe smallpox vaccines, the immunogenicity of which is comparable to vaccines used in the period of smallpox elimination. The aim of this review is to analyze the research of Japanese scientists on the production and investigation of properties of the smallpox vaccine LC16m8 and to assess further prospects for the use of the LC16m8 strain. The LC16m8 vaccine was obtained based on one of the Lister clones and has been licensed in Japan since 1975. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that its main difference from the genome of the original strain is a mutation in the B5R gene, which determines its safety for laboratory animals and humans. The immunogenicity of the vaccine based on this strain is comparable to the immunogenicity of the first generation vaccines: Lister, Dryvax, Ikeda. According to WHO recommendations, second generation vaccines ACAM 2000 and third generation vaccines based on the LC16m8 strain are reserve drugs. However, the established fact that the LC16m8 strain, when passaged in cell culture, spontaneously reverts to the original variant of the Lister strain led to genetic engineering work to delete the B5R gene to obtain the LC16m8Δ mutant, which is not capable of reversion. A vaccine based on the LC16m8Δ strain could technically be classified as a fourth generation drug, and taking into account the high immunogenicity and relative safety of this strain based on the results of preclinical studies, there is a real prospect of producing an advanced and effective reserve drug based on it. Thus, analysis of long-term data on the study of the LC16m8 vaccine indicates that this drug is superior to other analogues of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd generation in terms of effectiveness and safety. Further genetic engineering work with this strain, which made it possible to obtain a safe but immunogenic genovariant of the LC16m8Δ strain, is a clear example of a productive movement towards the development of safe and effective fourth generation vaccines.
Analysis of the Epizootic and Epidemiological Situation on Leptospirosis in 2023 and Forecast for 2024 in the Russian Federation
Authors: Trankvilevsky D. V. , Skudareva O. N. , Igonina E. P. , Kiseleva E. Yu. , Korzun V. M. , Verzhutskaya Yu. A. , Noskov A. K. , Kulikalova E. S. , Breneva N. V. , Budaeva S. E. , Morozova I. V. , Trishina A. V.
Published: October 2024

The aim of the work was to analyze the epizootic and epidemiological situation on leptospirosis in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2023 and to forecast its development for 2024. In the period between 2000 and 2023, the long-term dynamics of morbidity in Russia tended to decrease. Leptospirosis incidence was mainly sporadic. In 2023, cases of this infection in humans were reported in all federal districts, with the exception of the North Caucasian one. The highest incidence rates were recorded in the Southern and Central Federal Districts. The results of testing material from small mammals using bacteriological, immunological and molecular-biological methods confirmed the circulation of pathogenic Leptospira in 50 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in all federal districts. Specific prevention measures were carried out: 20,114 people were vaccinated in 27 entities. The probability of human infection is higher in the territories of the Southern, Central, Northwestern, Volga and Ural Federal Districts. Imported cases of infection from regions with subequatorial and equatorial climates, which are actively visited by tourists, are not excluded.
Russia – Guinea: Historical Aspects of Scientific Cooperation in the Fight against Dangerous Infectious Diseases
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Smolensky V. Yu. , Naidenova E. V. , Shcherbakova S. A. , Safronov V. A. , Kolomoets E. V. , Itskov Ya. Yu. , Konomou V. , Boumbaly S. , N'Faly M. , Boiro M. Y. , Traore M. S. , Kutyrev V. V.
Published: October 2024

The review presents the main results of scientific and technical cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Guinea over 10 years of joint work, since the deployment of a group of Russian specialists and mobile laboratories from the mobile complex of the specialized anti-epidemic team of the Rospotrebnadzor in August 2014 to provide practical and methodological assistance in eliminating the epidemic caused by the Ebola virus. The main areas of cooperation are the strengthening of laboratory and hospital facilities, joint research and training of specialists from specialized institutions in Guinea on biosafety issues. During the implementation of the Russian Federation programs of assistance to the Republic of Guinea in combating infectious diseases, public-private partnership mechanisms with UC “RUSAL” were involved, which made it possible to bring Russia’s participation in eradicating the epidemic of Ebola virus disease and subsequently strengthening Guinea’s national capacity to combat biological threats to the maximum effect.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 28.09.2024 г. по 04.10.2024 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: October 2024

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 28.09.2024 г. по 04.10.2024 г.
Increasing Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency
Authors: Owuor Hans K. , Strauss Eric J , McLaurin Toni , Zuckerman Joseph D , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

African American, Hispanic, Asian, and Pacific Islanders are groups who are underrepresented in medicine (URM groups). Similarly, although women comprise more than 50% of medical students in the United States, women comprise a smaller percentage of all orthopaedic surgery trainees. Therefore, underrepresented in orthopaedics (URiO) represents the URM groups and women. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of specific steps to recruit a qualified, diverse trainee complement within a single academic orthopaedic surgery residency program between 2000 and 2023. We aim to explore changes in the representation of URiO during this period as well as explore the strategies and programs implemented by the department that may have impacted recruitment of a diverse complement of trainees.

Methods:

Match lists from a large, academic, orthopaedic surgery residency between 2000 and 2023 were collected and reviewed for racial and gender data. Match lists were then divided into 6-year quantiles to identify any trends in the recruitment of URiO students. Self-reported racial and gender data from Electronic Residency Application Service applicant reports and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) data books between 2018 and 2022 were collected and reviewed. In addition, the department's strategies implemented during the study period with the goal of enhancing URiO exposure to orthopaedic surgery were also explored.

Results:

The department implemented proactive strategies to increase exposure to orthopaedic surgery for URiO students. An increase in URiO representation was noted between 2000 and 2023 with Hispanic, Black/African American, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander resident representation increasing by 5%, 11%, and 1%, respectively. In addition, women representation increased by 27% between 2000 and 2023. The overall attrition rate among URiO residents was 1% with only one resident not completing the program. Self-reported racial and gender data from ACGME data books demonstrated that Black/African American, Hispanic, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander residents comprised 5%, 4%, and 0.04%, respectively, of orthopaedic surgery residents between 2018 and 2022.

Conclusions:

These results provide insight for other programs to use similar strategies to potentially improve recruitment, retain, and provide support to URiO residents.
Blockchain Revolutionizing Healthcare Industry: A Survey of Existing Literature
Authors:   Quality Department, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates., Khilani Danish , Lobo Pranitha Shanthi ,   Department of Nursing, Alsharq Health Care, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates., Ali Haider ,   Quality Department, Al Maria Medical Centre LLC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Published: October 2024

Abstract : Health care is a vast industry that requires huge data storage and sharing and this is where this industry faces multiple challenges and requires an efficient system. This review article aimed to summarize the benefits of the blockchain industry in the healthcare sector. Literature review was conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar. A total of 30 articles were selected for review purposes with keywords health care, blockchain technologies, and benefits of blockchain and blockchain and health care industry with search engines like Google Scholar, Research Gate, and APA journals. A thorough review of existing literature suggests that blockchain technology can be beneficial for many fields and subfields of the healthcare industry including patients, organizations, hospitals, pharmaceuticals, global record-keeping organizations, health professionals, and researchers. Blockchain can be beneficial as it is efficient, reliable, transparent, cost-effective, easily accessible, vast data storage and management enable, and many in many more ways. In a nutshell, the importance of blockchain in the healthcare industry and suggests incorporating this technology in healthcare for efficient working.
Dietary Citrulline Supplementation Enhances Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Goats
Authors: Lopez Arianna , Newton Makenzie , Stenhouse Claire , Connolly Erin , Hissen Karina , Horner Scott , Wu Guoyao , Foxworth William , Bazer Fuller
Published: October 2024

Background Nutrition, day of lactation, litter size, parity, and sire impact lactational performance in goats. Arginine (Arg) has important roles in synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, and creatine. Ruminal microbes degrade extracellular Arg; however, extracellular Cit is not degraded by ruminal microbes and can be fed unencapsulated as a proxy for Arg. Cit is absorbed in the small intestine, converted to Arg, then metabolized to NO, polyamines and creatine that may enhance lactational performance. This study determined effects of dietary citrulline (Cit) supplementation on milk production and milk composition of Alpine dairy goats. Does were synchronized to estrus and bred to Alpine bucks. Parturition was induced on Day 149 of gestation. After kidding, does were suckled overnight to allow their kid(s) to obtain colostrum before being milked 24h later (Day 1 of lactation). Does were assigned to either control (CON, n = 24) or citrulline (CIT, n = 23) supplemented diets. The isonitrogenous control diet was supplemented with 1.37% alanine and 1.00% soybean hydrogenated oil. The CIT supplemented diet was 97.63% basal diet with a 2.37% supplement (0.5% Cit, 0.5% Glutamine, 1% soybean hydrogenated oil, and 0.37% cornstarch). Diets were group fed ad-libitum by treatment group. Blood samples were collected on Days 0 and 30 of lactation, and daily milk volumes were collected twice daily. On Days 10, 20, and 40 of lactation, milk samples were collected for compositional analyses.
Results CIT-treated does had greater mean daily milk production (P = 0.0332) and there was an effect of day of lactation on mean daily milk production (P < 0.0001). Does producing three kids had greater mean daily milk production than does producing one kid (P<0.001). Multiparous does had greater mean daily milk production than primiparous does (P<0.0001), and there was an effect of sire on mean daily milk production (P<0.05). Compositional analyses revealed that Cit supplementation increased soluble-non-fat (SNF) (P= 0.0189) and protein (P=0.0238) in milk.
Conclusions Dietary supplementation of Cit fed ad-libitum increased mean daily milk yield and impacted milk composition in Alpine does. Further investigations should seek to understand underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects.
Exploring the cytotoxic effects of bioactive compounds from Alcea rosea against stem cell-driven colon carcinogenesis: A Scientific Interpretation and Validation of Indigenous Knowledge
Authors: Parry Ruhban Ansar , Mir Irfan Ahmad , Hussain Mahboob Ul , Ashraf Suhail , Ganie Showkat Ahmad , Vats Sharad
Published: October 2024

Seven compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Alcea rosea and were examined for their cytotoxicity against HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cells. It was found that two compounds (C4 and C5) exhibited strong anti-colon cancer activities. These two compounds were used to study their properties that include MTT activity, colony formation activity, wound healing activity, spheroid formation activity, DAPI-PI staining, acridine-orange and ethidium bromide staining, ROS measurement, and rhodamine-123 staining in both HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cells. Both the compounds showed significant increase in apoptosis as visualized by DAPI-PI and AO-ETBR staining. The induction of apoptosis was further confirmed by the expressions of cleaved PARP and caspase 3. ROS generation and its effect on MMP were measured by staining cells with DCFH-DA and Rhodamine. Expression levels of EMT associated markers like Cyclin D1, Slug, Vimentin, and E-Cadherin were also studied. Both the compounds down regulate protein levels of Slug, Cyclin D1, and Vimentin in a concentration-dependent manner. Eeffect of C4 and C5 compounds on key signaling protein like Wnt3a, Notch1, and Shh were evaluated. Additionally, mRNA levels of these genes were also analyzed. C4 exhibited the best binding affinity when docked with Shh and Wnt3a and Notch1. Similarly, C5 exhibited - 8.8, -8.2 and -7.6 kcal⋅mol−1 with Shh, Wnt3a and Notch1. The present findings provide insight and immense scientific support and integrity to a piece of indigenous knowledge. However, validation in living organisms is necessary before progressing to clinical trials and advancing it into a marketable pharmaceutical product.
­Clayey Soil Stabilization with Ordinary Portland Cement Using the Stabilized Soil as A Mortar
Authors: Rehman Ziaur , Fang Xu , Rauf Muhammad , Chaozhe Jiang
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to investigate how cement influences clayey soil stabilization. There is clayey soil around the world, but it is particularly prevalent in Pakistan. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). In the KPK province, we chose four various sites, took soil samples, and determined the index properties of the soil. From the sieve analysis test result, 44.28 percent of the total sample passed through sieve No. 200. It indicates that the soil is clayey. Although there are various techniques for stabilizing clayey soil. In this research, for the stabilization of clayey soil, cement is utilized as a stabilizing material. We focused on mixing clayey soil with cement in different percentages, which can be converted to acceptable construction material, particularly in rural areas of Pakistan. In the past, low-rise masonry constructions usually utilized mud mortar. If clay is present in the soil mortar, issues such as excessive swelling or shrinkage and high plasticity can arise. To minimize this effect, it is essential to stabilize the mud mortar. Various laboratory tests on clayey soil were conducted both with and without the addition of cement, and their effects on the clayey soil properties were observed. A dry density test and unconfined compression test were applied for evaluation of this admixing. Utilizing the technique of soil stabilization as a cost-effective alternative to fine aggregates, low-cost housing can be constructed in rural areas by using the stabilized soil as mortar. This research will give a strong economic foundation for low-cost construction.
Real-world evidence for altered communication patterns in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Turna Mehran , Eckert Johannes , Meier-Böke Kristina , Narava Mamaka , Chaliani Irini , Eickhoff Simon , Schilbach Leonhard , Dukart Juergen
Published: October 2024

Adults with high-functioning autism (HFA) may compensate for their social difficulties by resorting to more sequential forms of communication. Here, we study communication preferences in individuals with HFA and neurotypical controls by monitoring smartphone-based communication for verbal, written and mixed app categories over a period of four months. We find HFA participants to prefer written over verbal communication, underscoring the importance of considering these preferences to facilitate social integration
Q-learning Based Tree Structure Encoding Discrete Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm to Solve Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Xichen , Zhang Qiwen
Published: October 2024

Based on the practical scheduling situation, this paper considers the effect of learning effect on scheduling and the learning threshold of jobs, and designs a learning effect no-wait scheduling model based on position truncation. A Q-learning based tree structure encoded discrete symbiotic organism search (QDTSEDSOS) algorithm is proposed for the scheduling problem, which first transforms feasible solutions into a tree structure more suitable for representing complex problems to improve search efficiency and expand solution space. Secondly, in the mutualism phase, the "advantageous block" of jobs is preserved to improve global optimization ability. In addition, the population is divided into superior and inferior subpopulations based on the distribution characteristics of particles. The superior subpopulation proposes three neighborhood search strategies to deal with the "large valley" phenomenon and uses Q-learning to utilize the results and information of historical search in order to guide the current search process. The solution space is searched more efficiently by selecting operators based on prior experience, while the inferior subgroup performs a parasitic strategy based on backward connectivity to purposely explore promising individuals. Experimental results on the Taillard benchmark set show that QDTSEDSOS is feasible and effective in solving the learning effect-based no-wait flow shop scheduling problem.
Fluoroquinolone-Specific Resistance Trajectories in E. coli and their Dependence on the SOS-Response
Authors: Teichmann Lisa , Luitwieler Sam , Bengtsson-Palme Johan , Kuile Benno ter
Published: October 2024

Background
Fluoroquinolones are indispensable antibiotics used in treating bacterial infections in both human and veterinary medicine. However, resistance to these drugs presents a growing challenge. The SOS response, a DNA repair pathway activated by DNA damage, is known to influence resistance development, yet its role in fluoroquinolone resistance is not fully understood. This study aims to unfold the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance by investigating the impact of the SOS response on bacterial adaptation.
Results
We exposed Escherichia coli to four fluoroquinolones - ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Using a recA knockout mutant, deficient in the SOS response, as a control, we assessed how the presence or absence of this pathway affects resistance development. Our findings demonstrated that the rate of resistance evolution varied between the different fluoroquinolones. Ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin exposures led to the most evident reliance on the SOS response for resistance, whereas enrofloxacin and levofloxacin exposed cultures showed less dependency. Whole genome analysis indicated distinct genetic changes associated with each fluoroquinolone, highlighting potential different pathways and mechanisms involved in resistance.
Conclusions
This study shows that the SOS response plays a crucial role in resistance development to certain fluoroquinolones, with varying dependencies per drug. The characteristic impact of fluoroquinolones on resistance mechanisms emphasizes the need to consider the unique properties of each antibiotic in resistance studies and treatment strategies. These findings are essential for improving antibiotic stewardship and developing more effective, tailored interventions to combat resistance.
Evaluation of Response to Hepatitis B Vaccination in Patients on Maintenance Haemodialysis: Insights From a Satellite Hemodialysis Unit in Kenya
Authors: Kevin Nguring'a , Twahir Ahmed , McLigeyo Seth , Maranga Wambugu , Hadi Abdullahi
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) are at an increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Active HBV immunization in these patients is recommended. A response rate in HD patients is variable but generally lower than healthy individuals.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of hepatitis B vaccination and to correlate response to various clinical and biomedical factor in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) followed up at parklands kidney centre, Kenya.
METHODOLOGY
This was a retrospective study conducted between 1st January 2023 to 1st January 2024 at Parklands Kidney Center, renal unit, Nairobi. The study population was adults aged 18 years and above who were undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. They should have received at least 40 μg of HBV vaccine administered intramuscularly in the deltoid region at 0, 1, 2 and 6 months. The patients' responses to vaccine was determined by the measured hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) done 6 to 12 weeks after the last injection. Data of patients undergoing maintenance HD was extracted using a data collection tool.
RESULTS
Ninety-two patients (78 %) mounted a response with HBsAb >10 mIU/ml and thus were considered as adequate responders. Sixty-four (54.24 %) patients mounted an excellent response with HBsAb >100 mIU/ml. Twenty-six patients (22.03 %) were non-responders. A young age (P = 0.017), diabetes mellitus (0.008), duration of dialysis (0.032), and Urea Reduction Ratio (<0.001) predicted a positive response to HB vaccination. Gender, haemoglobin level, serum albumin, serum ferritin, parathyroid hormone level, C reactive protein and vitamin D had no effect on the response to vaccine. In addition, out of the 118 (100 %) patients on maintenance HD all were HBsAg negative, of those tested for HbcAb 25 (32 %) were positive an indication of occult hepatitis B infection.
CONCLUSION
A 78 % response rate to HB vaccine was observed in the cohort of this study. Young age, diabetes mellitus, duration of dialysis and urea reduction ratio predicts a favourable response to HBV vaccine in patients on maintenance HD.
Modeling of Bayesian Machine Learning with Sparrow Search Algorithm for Cyberattack Detection in IIoT Environment
Authors: Karim Faten Khalid , Varela-Aldás José , Ishak Mohamad Khairi , Aljarbouh Ayman , Mostafa Samih M.
Published: October 2024

With the fast-growing interconnection of smart technologies, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has revolutionized how the industries work by connecting devices and sensors through automating regular operations via the Internet of Things (IoTs). IoT device provides seamless diversity and connectivity in different application domains. This system and its transmission channels are subjected to targeted cyberattacks due to their round-the-clock connectivity. Accordingly, a multilevel security solution is needed to safeguard the industrial system. By analyzing the data packet, the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) counteracts the cyberattack for the targeted attack in the IIoT platform. Various research has been undertaken to address the concerns of cyberattacks on IIoT networks using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches. This study introduces a new Bayesian Machine Learning with the Sparrow Search Algorithm for Cyberattack Detection (BMLSSA-CAD) method in the IIoT networks. The proposed BMLSSA-CAD technique mainly intends to improve security in the IIoT network via the detection of cyberattacks. In the BMLSSA-CAD technique, the min-max scalar can be used to normalize the input dataset. Besides, the BMLSSA-CAD method involves a chameleon optimization algorithm (COA) based feature selection approach to elect an optimum feature set. The BMLSSA-CAD technique uses the Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) model for cyberattack detection. The parameter tuning process was executed by using the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) to boost the BBN model performance. The performance of the BMLSSA-CAD algorithm can be studied using a benchmark dataset. The simulation outcomes highlighted that the BMLSSA-CAD method accomplishes improved security in the IIoT platform.
TSC-IBR: A Variant of Interval-Based MemoryReclamation Using CPU’s Time Stamp Counter
Authors: Zhang Chen , Yi Zhengming , Zhu Xinghui
Published: October 2024

To date, existing quiescent-state-based safe memory reclamation algorithms have relied on a global epoch counter maintained through software timestamps. While most quiescent-state-based approaches demonstrate good performance when employed in lock-free concurrent data structures, they grapple with issues concerning robustness. Specifically, in interval-based reclamation (IBR), a thread reclaiming a shared memory block must compare whether the lifetime of the block intersects with all threads’ reserved epoch intervals. IBR can provide more fine-grained memory reclamation management than epoch-based reclamation and hazard era. Here, we introduce the use of a hardware timestamp, which is obtained from the CPU’s Time Stamp Counter (TSC) register, a clock with cycle-level resolution. We propose a variant of IBR, named TSC-IBR, which leverages TSC instead of the software timestamp used in IBR. The value of TSC can be swiftly accessed without necessitating a system call. In our experiments, compared to other quiescent-state-based methods using the software timestamp, TSC-IBR exhibits excellent robustness across all lock-free concurrent data structure benchmarks, while also attaining high throughput in the vast majority of them.
Construction of a Remote Sensing Image Training Set for Rail Transit Protection Zones in Megacities and Evaluation of Building Identification Accuracy
Authors: Qian Chengyang , Zhao Long , Ni Peilin , Zhang Yu , Cao Zini , Jia Cai
Published: October 2024

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, rail transit has increasingly become a crucial part of the transportation system. However, construction activities such as pit construction, new construction, or demolition of buildings in rail transit protection zones pose a substantial threat to structural safety. Efficiently monitoring and managing changes in buildings within these zones has become a hot spot in current research. Presently, academics are predominantly concentrating on the iteration and optimization of deep learning algorithms for building recognition and achieving fruitful results. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of evaluation on the effectiveness of the identical deep learning algorithm on different sample sets. Consequently, this paper selects the protection zones of 16 lines under the Beijing Subway Operation Co., Ltd. and employs the Mask R-CNN algorithm to identify and extract building changes. The study utilizes two general datasets and a dedicated training sample set for quantitative analysis and evaluation of effectiveness. Results demonstrate that the Mask R-CNN algorithm, with the dedicated training sample set, achieves superior performance in all metrics. The P reaches 92.45%, showing a significant improvement compared to the general datasets. The R is 93.28%, with a relatively smaller improvement. The F1 score and IOU are 92.86% and 86.38%, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of the general datasets. Furthermore, compared to the advanced building change detection algorithm EGRCNN, the R is 1.06% lower. However, other indicators show improvements, with increases of 1.04%, 3.62%, and 5.81%, correspondingly.
A wide range of chromosome numbers result from unreduced gamete production in Brassica juncea × B. napus (AABC) interspecific hybrids
Authors: Mason Annaliese , Nyarko Charles Addo , Katche Elvis , Baez Mariana , Lv Zhenling
Published: October 2024

The establishment of successful interspecies hybrids requires restoration of a stable “2n” chromosome complement which can produce viable “n” gametes. This may occur (rarely) via recombination between non-homologous chromosomes, or more commonly is associated with a doubling of parental chromosome number to produce new homologous pairing partners in the hybrid. The production of unreduced “2n” gametes (gametes with the somatic chromosome number) may therefore be evolutionarily useful by serving as a key pathway for the formation of new polyploid hybrids, as might specific mechanisms permitting recombination between non-homologous chromosomes. Here, we investigated chromosome complements and fertility in third generation interspecific hybrids (AABC) resulting from a cross between allopolyploids Brassica juncea (AABB) × B. napus (AACC) followed by self-pollination for two generations. Chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 48 – 74 in the experimental population (35 plants), with 9 - 16 B genome chromosomes and up to 4 copies of A genome chromosomes. Unreduced gamete production leading to a putative genome structure of approximately AAAABBCC was hence predicted to explain the high chromosome numbers observed. Additionally, the estimation of nuclei number in post-meiotic sporads revealed a higher frequency of unreduced gametes (0.04 - 5.21%) in the third generation AABC interspecific hybrids compared to the parental Brassica juncea (0.07%) and B. napus (0.13%). Our results suggest that unreduced gamete production in the subsequent generations following interspecific hybridization events may play a critical role in restoration of more stable, fertile chromosome complements.
Antifungal properties and α-amylase inhibitory activity of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) partially purified from Capsicum chinense Jacq. seeds
Authors: Oliveira Arielle Pinheiro , Resende Larissa Maximiano , Silva Marciele Souza , Santos Layrana Azevedo , Carvalho André Oliveira , Chaves Renata Pinheiro , Negano Celso Shiniti , Moreira Felipe Figueirôa , Seabra Sérgio Henrique , Cunha Maura , Mello Érica de Oliveira , Taveira Gabriel Bonan , Rodrigues Rosana , Gomes Valdirene Moreira
Published: October 2024

In this study, we identified and partially purified antimicrobial peptides belonging to the family of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) from Capsicum chinense seeds (UENF 1751 accession). Fractions rich in LTPs were obtained via ion exchange chromatography and subsequently purified via reverse-phase chromatography in an HPLC system. Therefore, two fractions were revealed: C1 (the nonretained fraction) and C2 (the retained fraction). Fraction C1 was subjected to reverse-phase chromatography via a C18 column on an HPLC system, and ten fractions were obtained (P1–P10), all of which significantly inhibited the growth of C. albicans, except for P4 and P9. The viability analysis of the active fractions at a concentration of 100 µg.mL-1 against C. albicans revealed that they did not exhibit fungicidal activity but rather exhibited fungistatic activity. Fractions P3, P4, P7, and P10 inhibited Tenebrio molitor larvae α-amylase. The P10 fraction presented protein bands in its electrophoretic profile with a molecular mass between 6.5 kDa and 14.2 kDa and reacted positively to an antibody produced against a protein from the LTP family by Western blotting. The results of the analysis of amino acid residues from the P10 fraction revealed similarity between type I LTPs and type II LTPs. The ultrastructural aspects of C. albicans cells exposed to the P10 fraction were evaluated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with significant differences in their morphology being evident compared with those of the control. In summary, our results demonstrated the presence of LTPs in C. chinense seeds with inhibitory effects on the growth of yeasts of the genus Candida, which exhibited fungistatic effects and structural changes in C. albicans cells, in addition to exhibiting inhibitory effects on the larval insect T. molitor α-amylase.
Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B Among Health Facility Staff in Salima District – a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Limwado George Dalitso , Nuka Yamikani , Mpinga Kondwani , Mawindo Yanja , Chakwiya Mark , Abraham Luciano , Chikwapulo Victor , Chalira Mzee , Kambalame Dzimkambani , Ngulinga Flexon , Mitambo Collins , Chise Yonasi
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims
Hepatitis B (HBV) poses a significant public health challenge in Malawi, particularly among healthcare workers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection among healthcare workers in Salima District, Malawi, and assess the severity of positive cases.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2020 across all public health facilities in Salima District. HBV screening using antigen point-of-care tests was performed on 854 healthcare workers, with data on demographics and risk history collected. Positive cases were linked to care, with subsequent assessments conducted by medical officers. Family members of positive cases were also screened or linked to care.
Results
The prevalence of HBV infection among healthcare workers was 2.93% (25 infections, 95% CI: 0.019–0.0429). Infections were more common among males, married individuals, and those unvaccinated against HBV. Environmental health personnel exhibited the highest chronic HBV prevalence. All positive cases were enrolled in the HBV clinic within two weeks of diagnosis, with no signs of severe liver disease.
Discussion
Despite lower prevalence than the general population, HBV infection rates remain concerning among healthcare workers, particularly those in non-clinical roles. The lack of vaccination history is a notable risk factor for infection.
Conclusion
The study underscores the elevated prevalence of HBV infection among healthcare workers in the Salima District, emphasizing the importance of vaccination and prompt linkage to care.