bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploiting β‐Lactams‐Induced Lysis and DNA Fragmentation for Rapid Molecular Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae via Dual‐Digital PCR
Authors: Hu Jiumei , Chen Liben , Zhang Pengfei , Chen Fan‐En , Li Hui , Hsieh Kuangwen , Li Sixuan , Melendez Johan H. , Wang Tza‐Huei
Published: October 2024

The evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents substantial challenges to global medical health systems. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae), in particular, has developed resistance to all currently available antimicrobials. Addressing this issue necessitates not only discovering new antimicrobials but also deepening the understanding of bacterial responses to these agents, which can lead to new markers for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Such advancements can enhance treatment outcomes and promote antimicrobial stewardship. In this study, single‐cell techniques, including live‐cell imaging, flow cytometry, and digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are utilized, to investigate the lysis dynamics and molecular features of N. gonorrhoeae upon exposure to β‐lactam antimicrobials. Distinct patterns of bacterial lysis and DNA fragmentation are uncovered in susceptible strains. Leveraging these discoveries, a microfluidic dual‐digital PCR approach that combines single‐cell and single‐molecule analyses, facilitate rapid and efficient phenotypic molecular AST for N. gonorrhoeae against β‐lactams is developed. This proof‐of‐concept validation demonstrates the effectiveness of the method in accessing antimicrobial susceptibility across a range of bacterial strains, contributing valuable insights for advancing the battle against AMR.
The Intestinal Transporter SLC30A1 Plays a Critical Role in Regulating Systemic Zinc Homeostasis
Authors: Sun Shumin , Xie Enjun , Xu Shan , Ji Suyu , Wang Shufen , Shen Jie , Wang Rong , Shen Xinyi , Su Yunxing , Song Zijun , Wu Xiaotian , Zhou Jiahui , Cai Zhaoxian , Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Yan , Min Junxia , Wang Fudi
Published: October 2024

The essential trace element, zinc, regulates virtually all aspects of cellular physiology, particularly cell proliferation and survival. Diverse families of metal transporters, metallothioneins, and metal‐responsive transcriptional regulators are linked to zinc homeostasis. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of systemic zinc homeostasis remains largely unknown. Here, it is reported that the intestinal transporter SLC30A1 plays an essential role in maintaining systemic zinc homeostasis. Using several lines of tissue‐specific knockout mice, it is found that intestinal Slc30a1 plays a critical role in survival. Furthermore, lineage tracing reveals that Slc30a1 is localized to the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). It is also found that Slc30a1 safeguards both intestinal barrier integrity and systemic zinc homeostasis. Finally, an integrative analysis of the cryo‐EM structure and site‐specific mutagenesis of human SLC30A1 are performed and a zinc transport mechanism of SLC30A1 unique within the SLC30A family, with His43 serving as a critical residue for zinc selectivity, is identified.
Biomimetic Electrodynamic Metal‐Organic Framework Nanosponges for Augmented Treatment of Biofilm Infections
Authors: Wang Yanmin , Guo Wei , Zhang Kai , Liu Zhiwen , Dai Xiaoguang , Qiao Zhuangzhuang , Ding Xiaokang , Zhao Nana , Xu Fu‐Jian
Published: October 2024

Electrodynamic therapy (EDT) is a promising alternative approach for antibacterial therapy, as reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced efficiently in response to an electric field without relying on endogenous H2O2 and O2. However, the inherent toxicity of metallic catalysts and numerous bacterial toxins during the therapeutic process still hinder its development. Herein, biomimetic metal–organic (MOF@EV) nanosponges composed of ginger‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), and electrodynamic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are developed for the eradication of bacterial infections and the absorption of toxins. The prolonged circulation time of MOF@EV in vivo facilitates their accumulation at infection sites. More interestingly, MOF@EV can behave as nanosponges and effectively prevent host cells from binding to bacterial toxins, thereby reducing damage to cells. Subsequently, the MOF@EV nanosponges are discovered to work as electro‐sensitizers, which is confirmed through both theoretical calculation and experimental verification. As a result, ROS is continuously produced under the electric field to achieve effective EDT‐mediated bacterial eradication. Meanwhile, the treatment process of MOF@EV in vivo is visualized in mice infected with luciferase‐expressing Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and excellent biofilm eradication capacity and detoxification efficiency are demonstrated in a subcutaneous abscess model. This work provides a promising strategy for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Soil organic matter characteristics of four soil types under different conservation strategies across Hubei Province
Authors: Yang Wei , He Yangbo , Song Xingsheng , Lin Lirong , Tian Zhengchao , Zhou Ying
Published: October 2024

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays key roles in sloping land erosion control. This study explores SOM content across Hubei Province, China, focusing on four soil types under various conservation strategies. Field samples (n = 243) were collected under 27 monitoring sites employing diverse conservation strategies in runoff plots. Results indicated substantial variability in SOM content among soil types, with calcareous soils exhibiting the highest levels (12.63 g kg−1). Conversely, red soils displayed the lowest SOM content (6.32 g kg−1). However, short‐term conservation strategies and their interaction with soil type did not significantly influence SOM. The findings underscore the intricate relationship between soil types and SOM dynamics. This study contributes to the understanding of SOM dynamics in diverse landscapes, offering valuable guidance for policymakers and land managers to apply practices in mitigating erosion and enhancing soil health.

Core Ideas

Soil organic matter (SOM) characteristics focusing on four soil types under various conservation strategies were studied in Hubei Province.

Calcareous soils exhibited the highest levels of SOM.

Short‐term conservation strategies have no significant effect on SOM for each soil type.

Land managers need proper practices to retain soil organic matter in mitigating erosion and enhancing soil health.
Catalytic Strategies Enabled Rapid Formation of Homogeneous and Mechanically Robust Inorganic‐Rich Cathode Electrolyte Interface for High‐Rate and High‐Stability Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Mili , Ying Yiran , Liu Jiangwen , Li Chen , Hu Renzong , Liu Jun , Huang Haitao , Zhang Anwei , Ma Longtao , Ouyang Liuzhang , Zhu Min
Published: October 2024

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode is renowned for high thermal stability and safety, making them a popular choice for lithium‐ion batteries. Nevertheless, on one hand, the fast charge/discharge capability is fundamentally constrained by low electrical conductivity and anisotropic nature of sluggish lithium ion (Li+) diffusion. On the other hand, the interface and internal structural degradation occurs when subjected to high‐rate condition. Herein, a multifunctional boron‐doping graphene/lithium carbonate (BG/LCO) nanointerfacial layer on surface of commercial LiFePO4 particles is designed, in which the BG layer catalyzes the rapid reaction of Li2CO3‐LiPF6 for homogeneous and mechanically robust inorganic LiF‐rich structure across the cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI), forms a conductive network to significantly enhance both electron and Li+ transport, and strengthens the FeO bonding to minimize both Fe loss and the formation of Fe‐Li antisite defects. Correspondingly, the modified LFP cathode achieves a high capability of 113.2 mAh g−1 at 10 C and extraordinary cyclic stability with 88.0% capacity retention over 1000 cycles as compared to the pristine LFP cathode with a capacity of only 94.0 mAh g−1 and 64.6% capacity retention. It also exhibits great enhancements of 20.1% and 3.7% at higher‐rate condition (room temperature/15 C) and the low temperature condition (−10 °C/1 C), respectively.
Hydrodynamic Cavitation‐Induced Thrombolysis on a Clot‐on‐a‐Chip Platform
Authors: Ozogul Beyzanur , Akar Unal , Mercimek Rabia , Talabazar Farzad Rokhsar , Sarraf Seyedali Seyedmirzaei , Aghdam Araz Sheibani , Hamedani Ali Ansari , Villanueva Luis Guillermo , Grishenkov Dmitry , Amani Ehsan , Elverdi Tugrul , Ghorbani Morteza , Koşar Ali
Published: October 2024

Complications from thrombosis constitute a massive global burden for human health. Current treatment methods have limitations and can cause serious adverse effects. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is a physical phenomenon where bubbles develop and collapse rapidly within a moving liquid due to sudden pressure changes. These collapsing bubbles provide high targeted energy which can be used in a controlled environment with the help of microfluidic devices. This study introduces a new clot‐on‐a‐chip (CoC) platform based on HC, evaluated for thrombolysis efficacy. The microfluidic device, paired with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchip, generates cavitation bubbles at low upstream pressures (≤482 kPa), enabling microscale blood clot erosion. Different HC exposure conditions (varying pressure and duration) are assessed by changes in clot mass, diameter, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The largest mass reduction occurs at 482 kPa for 120 s, with a decrease of 6.1 ± 0.12 mg, while the most erosion in diameter of blood clots is obtained 482 kPa for 120 s with complete removal. SEM results show increasing damage to clot structure from less to more intense HC exposures. The CoC platform, at controlled pressures and durations, efficiently disrupts clot structure and offers a promising drug‐free alternative for thrombolysis treatment.
Surface Matrix‐Mediated Cation Exchange of Perovskite Quantum Dots for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Sun Yuqi , Mei Xinyi , Zhang Mingxu , Qiu Junming , Sun Zhimei , Zhang Xiaoliang
Published: October 2024

Cesium‐formamidinium lead triiodide perovskite quantum dot (CsxFA1‐xPbI3 PQD) is very promising for photovoltaic applications due to its good phase stability and outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, achieving the CsxFA1‐xPbI3 PQDs with tunable compositions and robust surface matrix remains a challenge. Here, the surface matrix‐mediated cation exchange of PQDs is proposed, in which a bi‐functional molecule, tetrafluoroborate methylammonium (FABF4), is applied for the cation exchange and stabilizing surface matrix of PQDs. The results reveal that the FA+ of FABF4 molecules could exchange the Cs+ of CsPbI3 PQDs forming alloy CsxFA1‐xPbI3 PQDs, allowing to tune the spectroscopies of PQDs. Meanwhile, the BF4− of FABF4 molecules can effectively stabilize the surface lattice and substantially diminish the surface vacancies of PQDs, improving the phase stability and optoelectronic properties of PQDs. Consequently, CsxFA1‐xPbI3 PQD solar cells deliver an efficiency of up to 17.49 %, which is the highest value of CsxFA1‐xPbI3 PQD solar cells. This work provided important design principles for the composition and surface matrix regulation of PQDs for high‐performance solar cells or other optoelectronic devices.
Access to Vinyl Gem‐Difluorinated Cyclopropanes Via Photopromoted Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction
Authors: Li Bin , Feng Qiu‐Shi , Yuan Jia‐Li , Xia Ying
Published: October 2024

A photopromoted Pd‐catalyzed Heck reaction of gem‐difluorocyclopropyl bromides (DFCBs) with styrenes to deliver vinyl gem‐difluorinated cyclopropanes (VDFCs) under mild conditions has been developed. The reaction demonstrates good functional group compatibility while providing high E/Z ratio of the products. Furthermore, the desired VDFCs can be easily transformed into fluorinated cyclic/acyclic architectures, which may broaden its applications in organic synthesis.
Regional differences in autism and intellectual disability risk associated with cesarean section delivery
Authors: Bilder Deborah A. , Sullivan Scott , Hughes Michelle M. , Dalton Susan , Hall‐Lande Jennifer , Nicholls Connor , Bakian Amanda V.
Published: October 2024

Prior epidemiological studies investigating the association between delivery mode (i.e., vaginal birth and cesarean section [C‐section]) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) risk have reported mixed findings. This study examined ASD and ID risks associated with primary and repeat C‐section within diverse US regions. During even years 2000–2016, 8‐years‐olds were identified with ASD and/or ID and matched to birth records [ASD only (N = 8566, 83.6% male), ASD + ID (N = 3445, 79.5% male), ID only (N = 6158, 60.8% male)] using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network methodology. The comparison birth cohort (N = 1,456,914, 51.1% male) comprised all births recorded in the National Center for Health Statistics corresponding to birth years and counties in which surveillance occurred. C‐section rates in the birth cohort demonstrated significant regional variation with lowest rates in the West. Overall models demonstrate increased odds of disability associated with primary and repeat C‐section. Adjusted models, stratified by region, identified significant variability in disability likelihood associated with repeat C‐section: increased odds occurred for all case groups in the Southeast, for ASD only and ID only in the Mid‐Atlantic, and no case groups in the West. Regional variability in disability risk associated with repeat C‐section coincides with differences in birth cohorts' C‐section rates. This suggests increased likelihood of disability is not incurred by the procedure itself, but rather C‐section serves as a proxy for exposures with regional variability that influence fetal development and C‐section rates.
Clinical Outcome of Induction Treatment in the Era of Novel Agents and the Impact of the Number of High‐Risk Cytogenetic Abnormalities (HRA) on Prognosis of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM): Insights From a Multicenter Study
Authors: Liang Dong , Li Xiaojin , Bai Shenrui , Wang Qiaoli , Zeng Min , Feng Demei , Lu Bo , Li Xiaoqing , Sun Zhiqiang , Li Jianyun , Zhou Huanhuan , Zhang Jialu , Chen Xiaoqin , Xia Zhongjun , Liang Yang , Wang Hua
Published: October 2024

Background

In the era of novel agents, the clinical outcomes of induction treatment and the impact of the number of high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRA) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) need to be explored.

Objective

Through this study, we aim to analyze the effectiveness of different induction treatments and explore the survival outcomes of patients with varying numbers of HRA.

Methods

A total of 734 patients from seven medical centers were included in our study.

Results

Patients in the CD38 monoclonal antibody or IMiDs plus proteasome inhibitors (PI) groups had significantly superior overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) compared to those receiving IMiDs or PI alone. Additionally, the CD38 monoclonal antibody conferred a PFS advantage over IMiDs plus PI. Patients with ≥ 2 high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRA) exhibited an extremely poor prognosis and should be considered ultra‐high‐risk individuals in multiple myeloma (MM). The CD38 monoclonal antibody, transplantation, and achieving minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity only partly mitigated the poor prognosis in patients with HRA. Furthermore, patients with 1q21 gain/amplification (1q21+) only had a significantly worse prognosis compared to patients without HRA, and those with 1q21+ plus del17p or t(4;14) exhibited an inferior prognosis compared to those with 1q21+ alone.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that double‐hit multiple myeloma was associated with extremely poor survival outcomes, and more effective treatments needed to be explored for this particular subtype of MM.
Exploring Teucrium Aureo‐Candidum Essential Oil as a Promising Alternative to Triclosan for Targeting Enoyl‐Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase: Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Sara Yahla , Belkacem Gordo , Nadia Aissaoui , Kamel Msaada , Omar Messaoudi , Mohammed Gherib , Abdel Ilah Amrouche
Published: October 2024

The chemical composition of the essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of Teucrium aureo‐candidum, an endemic aromatic shrub collected from Moghrar and Djeniene Bourezg in the Nâama region (Algeria), was determined for the first time using GC/FID and GC/MS. A total of 45 constituents were identified, representing 87.73 % of the oil. Characterized by unique chemical variability, it was primarily composed of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (29.53 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (30.06 %), with the major compounds being γ‐cadinene (5.24 %), δ‐cadinene (4.24 %), α‐muurolene (4.04 %), τ‐muurolol (11.35 %), and α‐cadinol (3.30 %). However, monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes accounted for 23.98 % and 1.64 %, respectively, contributing to a relatively low fraction. The essential oil demonstrated notable antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram‐positive bacteria. Due to safety concerns associated with triclosan, a known inhibitor of the Enoyl‐Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (FabI) enzyme, the essential oil components from this plant were explored as alternatives through a combination of experimental approaches and in silico molecular docking studies. The results revealed that α‐cadinol, spathulenol, caryophyllene, and α‐muurolene exhibited strong FabI inhibition, with better bioavailability and lower toxicity than triclosan, highlighting their potential in combating antibiotic‐resistant bacteria.
Designing Artificial Laccase Catalysts by Introducing Substrate Oxidation Metals into Oxygen‐Reducing Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Cu‐Doped ZIF‐67
Authors: Nakahara Hiroki , Hitomi Yutaka
Published: October 2024

Laccase, a multi‐copper oxidase, is limited by its optimal temperature range and isolation costs. To overcome these challenges, we synthesized copper‐doped zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (Cu‐doped ZIF‐67) with 16 mol % Cu as an artificial laccase catalyst. The introduced Cu site acts as the phenol oxidation site, and Co‐based ZIF‐67 is the four‐electron oxygen reduction site. Laccase also employs this division of oxidation and reduction sites. Cu‐doped ZIF‐67 demonstrated significant catalytic activity, superior to natural laccase, especially at elevated temperatures, and maintained stability across multiple reaction cycles. These findings suggest that Cu‐doped ZIF‐67 is a robust, reusable alternative for industrial applications requiring high thermal stability and efficient catalysis.
Widening the Stimuli‐Responsiveness of Aqueous Biphasic Systems by Changing the Ionic Liquid Cation Basicity
Authors: Rufino Ana F. C. S. , Capela Emanuel V. , Quental Maria V. , Coutinho João A. P. , Vraneš Milan B. , Gadžurić Slobodan B. , e Silva Francisca A. , Freire Mara G.
Published: October 2024

Herein we demonstrate the formation of new stimuli‐responsive aqueous biphasic systems (ABS), able to respond simultaneously to temperature and pH, or just to one stimulus, therefore allowing the design of more sustainable separation processes. This dual behavior is achieved with ABS formed by mono‐ or dicationic protic ionic liquids as phase‐forming components, being defined by the ionic liquid cation chemical structure or its basicity. While ABS comprising monocationic ionic liquids only respond to the effect of temperature, systems comprising dicationic ionic liquids are simultaneously affected by both temperature and pH variations. Dicationic ionic liquids are here identified as the key to unlock a double response to stimuli, which is due to the presence of two pKa values afforded by the cation. The reported findings contribute to increase the customizability of double stimuli‐responsive ABS based on ionic liquids, whose development was up to date limited to ionic liquids bearing pH‐responsive anions, opening the door towards the development of more sustainable separation processes.
Enabling Access to 3‐gem‐Difluorovinyl Lactams via Zn‐Mediated Sequential Single Electron Reductive Hydrodehalogenation
Authors: Zheng Jia , Liu Xuran , Yin Jiawen , Li Shuaikang , Zhang Juanjuan , Hu Weigao
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Herein, we describe a direct route for the synthesis of 3‐gem‐difluorovinyl lactams through Zn‐mediated reductive hydrodehalogenation. Importantly, by using inexpensive deuterium oxide (D2O), the high value‐added vicinal dideuterated gem‐difluoroalkenes with excellent deuterium (D) incorporation were prepared. Mechanism studies indicated a successive single electron transfer process: the reaction initially undergoes hydrodechlorination to give the intermediate α‐trifluoromethylidene lactams, which are then activated by the in‐situ generated zinc cations and reduced to the desired product via hydrodefluorination.
Fluorescent “On‐Off‐On” Probe for Cascade Detection of Ag(I) and Ascorbic Acid Using Folic Acid Protected Copper Nanoclusters
Authors: Vegad Yagnik , Rana Lata , Ranjan Jali Bigyan , Sahoo Suban K.
Published: October 2024

Folic acid (FA) protected copper nanoclusters (FA‐CuNCs, λex=350 nm, λem=445 nm) were synthesized and used as a fluorescent “on‐off‐on” probe for the cascade detection of Ag+ and ascorbic acid (AA). The fluorescence emission of FA‐CuNCs at 445 nm was quenched significantly by Ag+ due to the analyte‐induced aggregation followed by the formation of larger nanoparticles. However, when AA was added to the in‐situ generated Ag@FA‐CuNCs, the fluorescence emission of FA‐CuNCs was recovered at 445 nm because of the AA‐directed reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. The experimental conditions, such as pH, incubation time, and quencher Ag+ concentrations, were optimized to achieve improved sensitivity. The detection limit for Ag+ and AA was estimated as 37.1 nM and 0.27 μM with a linearity range of 2.49–22 μM and 4.71–81.53 μM, respectively. In real sample analysis, the recoveries of Ag+ ions in river water and AA in orange juice samples were found between 99–93 % and 97–94 % using the probes FA‐CuNCs and Ag@FA‐CuNCs, respectively. Overall, this work offers a viable method for the sequential detection of Ag+ and AA using FA‐CuNCs via a fluorescence “on‐off‐on” switch mechanism.
Tumor Metastasis to the Oral Soft Tissues and Jaw Bones: A Retrospective Study and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pakfetrat Atessa , Dalirsani Zohreh , Saghravanian Nasrollah , Anvari Kazem , Asalian Sajede , Salehi Armaghan , Taherizadeh Mahboobeh
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Metastasis to the oral soft tissues and jaw is rare and accounts for 1%–3% of maxillofacial malignancies. These lesions usually occur in the context of an extensive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis.

Materials and Methods

Archived cases from the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department of the Faculty of Dentistry and two hospital centers of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were examined. Inclusion criteria were cases with available records of pathologically confirmed metastatic lesions of the oral cavity with or without diagnosed primary malignancy.

Results

Metastatic lesions in the oral cavity and jaw were found in 18 patients, including seven women and 11 men, with a mean age of 49.5 years. Metastatic lesions were more common in the jaw (66%) and particularly in the mandible (38%) than elsewhere. In the case of soft tissue metastases, the gingiva was more affected than other sites. The primary tumor was most commonly in the kidney in men and in the breast in women (36%–28%). In addition, the diagnosis of a metastatic lesion led to the detection of the primary tumor elsewhere in six out of 18 cases (33.3%).

Conclusions

Early diagnosis of the lesions is challenging, given the absence of specific signs or symptoms, which, in some cases, nonetheless resemble inflammatory, benign, reactive lesions. Therefore, dentists play a crucial role in diagnosing such lesions, as they lead to the discovery of hidden distant primary tumors. Biopsy should always be considered for suspicious lesions, even if the probability is very low.
The role of turfgrasses in environmental protection and their benefits to humans: Thirty years later
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Mandal Parul , Nwachukwu Emmanuel , Stanton Alex
Published: October 2024

Beard and Green compiled one of the earliest reviews on the environmental and societal (cultural) benefits that living turfgrass systems (e.g., home lawns, athletic fields, golf courses, roadsides, and grounds) provide to humans and associated contemporary issues with turfgrass. Today, the benefits of vegetation systems are called ecosystem services, and the associated negative aspects are called disservices. Since 1994, a significant amount of research has been conducted to further understand these ecosystem services and disservices and discover new ecosystem services and disservices, which we summarize and identify the knowledge gaps in this review. Turfgrass systems provide positive economic benefits to the US economy and help increase property values; however, many of these ecosystem services are environmental and societal. Some environmental services include (1) improving soil health, quality, and stability; (2) oxygen production; (3) reducing stormwater runoff; (4) filtering water to protect waterways and recharging groundwater; (5) providing evaporative cooling and reducing sunlight glare to improve human comfort levels; (6) offering vertebrate and invertebrate habitat; and (7) offering solutions for recycling wastewater and biosolids. Some societal (cultural) services include (1) outdoor spaces that improve human mental and physical health, (2) increasing community and social harmony, (3) helping deter crime, and (4) reducing human contact with noxious weeds and human‐disease insect vectors. Research, cooperative extension, and education efforts must be increased on these topics to continue to provide additional evidence of these ecosystem services to the public, policymakers, turfgrass practitioners, homeowners, students, and future generations.
Spatiotemporal characteristics of eustachian tube development in C57BL/6 mice: Correlation between morphological and functional maturation
Authors: Yu Xuan , Zhang Huimin , Li Hejie , Shen Xingqian , Yu Wenting , Li Ting , Chen Xiaoye , Zong Shimin , Xiao Hongjun
Published: October 2024

Background

The eustachian tube (ET), a critical conduit connecting the middle ear and nasopharynx, is essential for normal middle ear function. However, it remains one of the least understood anatomical structures due to its complexity and the challenges of in vitro manipulation. Historically, these challenges have hindered research into the morphology and function development of the ET. This study elucidates the spatiotemporal relationship of ET morpho‐functional maturation in mice, identifying key periods and factors that lay the theoretical foundation for exploring the molecular mechanisms of ET‐related diseases.

Results

We comprehensively characterized the ET development in C57BL/6 mice from embryonic day (E) 12.5 to postnatal day (P) 30, focusing on the development of cilia, secretory cells, surrounding glands, and macrophages. Immunostaining identified the localization and secretion patterns of the mucins Muc5b and Muc5ac within the ET. Additionally, using improved ET function assessment tools, we evaluated the developmental features of ET mucociliary clearance and ventilation functions.

Conclusions

In C57BL/6 mice, E16.5 marks a critical period for middle ear cavity and ET formation. Muc5b plays a foundational role during early stages, while Muc5ac enhances function in later stages. During P7‐11, despite morphological maturity, ET function remains underdeveloped but continues to improve with growth.
Acute Activity Urges Predict Lower Early Weight Gain During Inpatient Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Halbeisen Georg , Amin Lina , Braks Karsten , Huber Thomas J. , Paslakis Georgios
Published: October 2024

Early weight gain is a primary goal in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) and associated with more favorable discharge weights and clinical outcomes. Activity urges, that is, a motivational state to engage in activity, have been suspected to delay early weight gain, but their prognostic role remains barely explored. Here, we investigated whether acute (state‐like) activity urges at treatment onset would predict within‐person weight gain in patients with AN during the initial 2 weeks of inpatient treatment. Adults with AN from an inpatient unit (N = 53) completed an activity urges measure at treatment onset, and weight changes were monitored for the duration of their treatment. Regression analyses, controlling for admission body mass index and other patient variables (i.e., patient age and AN subtype), found that higher state activity urges were associated with lower initial weight gain. Mediation analyses showed that differences in early weight changes further linked higher activity urges at admission to lower discharge weights. An activity urge cutoff value of 2.76 for distinguishing between cases with optimal and suboptimal initial weight gain is proposed. We discuss potential mechanisms of the link between activity urges and early weight gain and the implications of activity urges as a prognostic factor for improving weight restoration during AN treatment.
Performance of the novel ANTWERP score in predicting heart function improvement after atrial fibrillation ablation in Asian patients with heart failure
Authors: Ling Lo‐Chieh , Chang Ting‐Yung , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Lin Chin‐Yu , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Chung Fa‐Po , Chen Shih‐Ann
Published: October 2024

Background

Previous research has demonstrated that atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation improves heart function variably among patients. We proposed that the ANTWERP score, which was validated in a European group of patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) who had AF ablation, would be valid in an Asian group as well. The purpose of the study is to examine how well a new scoring system (the ANTWERP score) can predict heart function improvement after atrial fibrillation ablation in Asian patients with heart failure.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted on patients (n = 84) undergoing AF ablation between January 2019 and June 2022. Initial diagnoses for impaired LV systolic function were confirmed by echocardiography. Patients meeting the “2021 Universal Definition of HF” criteria for LVEF recovery were classified as “responders.”

Results

Similarities were observed between responders and nonresponders regarding comorbidities, AF type, and LVEF, except for the left ventricular internal diameter in diastole. A higher percentage of responders had an ANTWERP score ≤2 (87.8%) compared to those with a score >2 (55.6%). LVEF improvement was notably higher in the former group (+14.8% vs. +9.4%, p = .043). Atrial reverse remodeling and recurrent atrial arrhythmia rates were similar across groups.

Conclusion

The conclusion of the study was that the ANTWERP score effectively predicted LVEF improvement after atrial fibrillation ablation in the Asian population and that this scoring system could be used to guide clinical decisions and prognosis prediction.
Growth, Yield and Grain Quality of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and Weed Flora as Affected by Physical and Chemical Methods of Weed Control
Authors: Dennis Asare Osei , Santo Kwadwo Gyasi , Khalid Abdul Aziz , Atakora Kwabena , Ntiamoah Daniel Afreh , Abdulai Muntala , Eric Adjei
Published: October 2024

This study sought to identify the most effective weed control methods for enhancing growth, yield and grain quality in cowpea and to reduce weed interference during the major and minor rainy seasons of 2022 at Juaso in the Asante Akim South Municipality, Ghana. Sun‐zema at 30 mL/15 L of water, Supremo (90 mL/15 L of water), Vezir (90 mL/15 L of water), Ogyama (100 mL/15 L of water) and Benfop (100 mL/15 L of water), hoeing, cutlass weeding and no weeding were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data on weed flora, plant height, number of leaves per plant, days to 50% flowering and pod formation, grain yield and yield components and proximate composition of cowpea grains were collected and subjected to analysis of variance using GenStat statistical package (11th edition). Differences in means were compared using the Fisher's protected least significant difference at a probability level of 5%. Significant (p < 0.05) improvements in the growth of cowpea due to hoe weeding were observed. Hoeing, Vezir and Supremo herbicides increased grain yield during the major rainy season, with hoeing recording the highest value (0.53 ± 0.07 ton/ha), whereas Supremo herbicide recorded the highest grain yield (0.38 ± 0.06 ton/ha) during the minor season. Hoeing recorded the least grain moisture contents of 7.45 ± 0.62% and 6.35 ± 0.62% in the major and minor seasons, respectively, which could enhance postharvest handling. Application of Supremo, Sun‐zema and Ogyama reduced weed diversity in the study area. The study recommends hoeing during the major season and herbicide application (Supremo) during the minor season.
Effect of Ta–TiO2 Nanoparticles in Anion Exchange Membranes: Improved Hydroxide Ion Conductivity and Mechanical Strength for Alkaline Water Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed , Miyatake Kenji , Tsujii Kaito , Kakinuma Katsuyoshi , Liu Fanghua , Yadav Vikrant , Xian Fang , Guo Lin , Wong Chun Yik , Iwataki Toshio , Uchida Makoto
Published: October 2024

To improve the properties of quaternized QPAF‐4 copolymers as anion exchange membranes, compositing with hydrophilic Ta–TiO2 particles are investigated. Flexible QPAF‐4/Ta–TiO2 composite membranes are obtained using solution‐casting and die coating methods. Cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy reveals that the die coating method produces a more homogenous and uniform distribution of Ta–TiO2 particles in the composite membranes than the solution‐casting method. The Ta‐TiO2 particles promotes the suppression of water absorbability and dimensional swelling of the composite membranes which is more pronounced in the die coated membranes. The Ta–TiO2 increase hydroxide ion conductivity to 116.9 mS cm−1 at 80 °C for the die‐coated membrane, surpassing that of the pristine QPAF‐4 membrane (92 mS cm−1). Ta–TiO2 with the composite membranes survive in 4 m KOH at 80 °C for 1000 h, maintaining 96–112 mS cm−1 (88–99% remaining) of initial conductivity. All composite membranes exhibit higher mechanical robustness (elongation of >200%), with the die‐coated composite membranes. The optimized die coated composite membrane is fabricated in an alkaline water electrolysis cell achieving 1.63 V at 1.0 A cm−2 (75.5% efficiency).
NIR‐II Image‐Guided Wound Healing in Hypoxic Diabetic Foot Ulcers: The Potential of Ergothioneine‐Luteolin‐Chitin Hydrogels
Authors: Yang Yao , He Shengnan , Wang Wumei , Lu Yiwen , Ren Bingtao , Dan Ci , Ji Yang , Yu Rui , Ju Xinpeng , Qiao Xue , Xiao Yuling , Cai Jie , Hong Xuechuan
Published: October 2024

Hypoxic diabetic foot ulcers (HDFUs) pose a challenging chronic condition characterized by oxidative stress damage, bacterial infection, and persistent inflammation. This study introduces a novel therapeutic approach combining ergothioneine (EGT), luteolin (LUT), and quaternized chitosan oxidized dextran (QCOD) to address these challenges and facilitate wound healing in hypoxic DFUs. In vitro, assessments have validated the biosafety, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of the ergothioneine‐luteolin‐chitin (QCOD@EGT‐LUT) hydrogel. Furthermore, near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) fluorescence image‐guided the application of QCOD@EGT‐LUT hydrogel in simulated HDFUs. Mechanistically, QCOD@EGT‐LUT hydrogel modulates the diabetic wound microenvironment by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vivo studies demonstrated increased expression of angiogenic factors mannose receptor (CD206) and latelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1/CD31), coupled with decreased inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), thereby promoting diabetic wound healing through up‐regulation of transforming growth factor β‐1 (TGF‐β1).
Emerging Technologies for Improving Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Evidence Gap Map
Authors: Tanner Louise , Still Madeleine , Ghasri Soheila , Sadiq Adetutu , Harris Bethan , Haston Shona , Potter Rhiannon , Uteh Cyril Onwuelazu , Al‐Assaf Aalya , Johnson Eugenie Evelynne , Moral Sonia Garcia Gonzalez , Mkwashi Andrew , Craig Dawn , Angadji Arash , Thomas Martin , Pearson Fiona
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions are the largest contributor to disability worldwide. The aim of this project was to undertake a horizon scan and generate an evidence gap map (EGM) to highlight technological innovations in development for preventing and managing MSK conditions at early stages of the clinical treatment pathway, and to identify areas of unmet need.

Methods

In February 2024, bibliographic databases, a clinical trial registry, research funding portals, and company websites were searched for relevant records. Identified records were screened for relevance; they had to be a device or digital “innovative” technology for maintaining or recovering positive musculoskeletal health in adults. The characteristics of relevant technologies, delivery setting and outcomes assessed were coded. An EGM was generated to illustrate the results. Methods followed Cochrane Rapid Reviews Guidance to ensure robustness.

Results

One hundred and nine relevant technologies were identified. Nearly half (49.5%) of these technologies were designed for use at home. Most (50.5%) were digital technologies (e.g., mobile apps) or devices with a digital component (19.3%) (e.g., digital pain reduction kit). The impact of these technologies was most assessed by changes seen in measures of pain and mobility.

Discussion and Conclusion

The proportion of technologies used at home compared to other settings indicates a shift in the setting of therapy provision for individuals with MSK conditions. Future evaluative studies should consider measuring a broader set of outcome domains in order to understand the direct and wider impacts of health technologies for those with MSK conditions.
Nerve conduction studies of sensory nerves with proven vasculitic neuropathy often show an absent electrical response
Authors: Becker Benjamin E. , London Zachary N. , Conway Kyle S. , Davalos Long
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Aims

In vasculitic neuropathy (VN), it is not known whether nerve conduction studies (NCSs) showing low amplitude sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) or those with absent responses have a higher yield in detecting appropriate nerves for pathological confirmation. Our goal was to describe NCS findings of nerves prior to biopsy in patients with VN.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study between January 2000 and April 2021 in patients with VN who either met pathological definite criteria for VN or criteria for clinically probable VN and had NCS of the sural or superficial radial sensory nerves prior to biopsy of the same nerve.

Results

We included 61 patients with VN. The pathological findings showed 37 (60.7%) definite, 14 (23%) probable, and 2 (3.3%) possible VN; eight (13%) samples did not meet Peripheral Nerve Society pathological criteria. Most patients who met definite (20 out of 37, 54%) and probable (9 out of 14, 64%) VN pathological criteria had absent SNAPs. Only three out of eight (37.5%) patients without VN pathological findings had absent SNAPs. There was no statistically significant correlation between pathological diagnosis and SNAP amplitude (χ2 = 1.98, p = .58). Additionally, no association was found between VN pathological criteria and use of immunomodulatory treatment (p = .67) or corticosteroids (p = .52).

Discussion

Most nerves with pathological VN findings showed no response on NCS. In patients with suspected VN, sural or superficial radial sensory nerves with absent responses on NCS are adequate biopsy targets as compared to nerves in which SNAPs can be recorded.
Seismic Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing on Excavations Considering Soil Strength Anisotropy Using Modified Pseudo‐Dynamic and Pseudo‐Static Approaches
Authors: Shirazizadeh Shabnam , Keshavarz Amin , Beygi Majid , Saberian Mohammad , Li Jie , Vali Ramin
Published: October 2024

Although considerable research has explored the static and seismic bearing capacity of strip footings on slopes or excavations, the influence of clay strength anisotropy on the bearing capacity of strip footing near excavations, specifically considering pseudo‐dynamic conditions, remains unexplored. This study used the finite element limit analysis (FELA) method to evaluate the impact of clay strength anisotropy on the seismic bearing capacity of strip footings. The effects of various dimensionless parameters on the bearing capacity were examined, which include shear wavelength, the setback distance ratio, vertical height ratio, soil strength ratio, soil strength heterogeneity, anisotropic ratio, and horizontal and vertical acceleration coefficients. Design charts were developed to compute the seismic bearing capacity of strip footings on nonhomogeneous and anisotropic excavations under pseudo‐static conditions. Furthermore, the effects of vertical acceleration coefficients and shear wavelength on the seismic bearing capacity of strip footing near excavation in nonhomogeneous and anisotropic soils were investigated.
A Real‐World Study on Adverse Reactions of Belimumab Based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database
Authors: Hai Le , Wu Jiaojiao , Xie Yingying
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives

This investigation leverages data derived from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting (FAERS) to real‐world adverse reactions associated with Belimumab, with the intention of providing guidance for safe clinical pharmacotherapy.

Methods

Data encompassing adverse drug event (ADE) reports relating to Belimumab from Q1 2011 to Q4 2023 within the FAERS were extracted and analyzed using methodologies such as the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi‐item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS).

Results

The study identified a total of 19 825 ADE reports where Belimumab was the primary suspect medication, with the United States constituting the majority of reporting countries (16 312 cases, or 82.28%). Patients aged 18 to 64.9 years accounted for the largest demographic (36.29%), while the proportion of female patients (77.91%) significantly surpassed that of male patients (5.03%). The analysis uncovered 184 unique Preferred Terms (PTs) across 21 System Organ Classes (SOCs). Following selection through ROR, the SOC signal strength was prioritized as follows: Systemic disorders and administration site conditions, infections and infestations, a variety of musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders, and conditions related to pregnancy, puerperium, and the perinatal period. The top five PTs for ADE reports not included in the product's labeling were hypersensitivity reactions, immunosuppression, non‐vascular diseases, herpes virus infections, and Sjögren's syndrome. The top five PTs for ADE signal strength not included in the labeling were disseminated cutaneous herpes zoster, herpes zoster meningitis, onycholysis, cyclothymic disorder, and mixed connective tissue disease.

Discussion

Based on pharmacovigilance research utilizing the FAERS database, it is recommended that clinical monitoring of Bevacizumab should be intensified to support effective pharmaceutical care and ensure rational clinical medication use.
Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial evaluation of novel biodegradable self‐healing film based on fish collagen cross‐linked carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Zallaghi Mahsa , Esmkhani Maryam , Mirzaei Akbar , Javanshir Shahrzad
Published: October 2024

Biodegradable films are widely explored to reduce environmental pollution. One of the best alternatives to reduce packaging waste is using biodegradable polymers. Fish collagen is gaining interest for its high biocompatibility and lack of religious or social restrictions compared with terrestrial collagen sources. This study aimed to prepare and characterize a biodegradable, antibacterial fish collagen‐based film (isinglass) cross‐linked with carboxymethyl cellulose, showcasing good mechanical performance, moisture barrier properties, and self‐healing capabilities. The films were prepared by mixing a solution of isinglass (IG) with different carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) contents (0.1, 0.25, and 0.4 g) using triethanolamine (TEA) as a plasticizer. Up to the results, the optimized film contained 0.4 g CMC and 0.5 mL TEA. Morphological characteristics were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the interactions between the functional groups were analyzed using FT‐IR. The optimized CMC‐IG film possessed a tensile stress of around 1.02–3.32 MPa and an elongation at a break of 176%–241%. Moreover, the films showed a good self‐healing property and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The good mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, self‐healing, and good moisture barrier made this thin film a good choice for food packaging applications.

Highlights

Biodegradable film was made from fish collagen and carboxymethyl cellulose.

The film shows tensile stress of 1.02–3.32 MPa; elongation at break: 176%–241%.

The thin film exhibits self‐healing, flexibility, and an effective moisture barrier.

Excellent mechanical properties and antibacterial activity suitable for food packaging.
On the humanization of VHHs: Prospective case studies, experimental and computational characterization of structural determinants for functionality
Authors: Fernández‐Quintero Monica L. , Guarnera Enrico , Musil Djordje , Pekar Lukas , Sellmann Carolin , Freire Filipe , Sousa Raquel L. , Santos Sandra P. , Freitas Micael C. , Bandeiras Tiago M. , Silva Margarida M. S. , Loeffler Johannes R. , Ward Andrew B. , Harwardt Julia , Zielonka Stefan , Evers Andreas
Published: October 2024

The humanization of camelid‐derived variable domain heavy chain antibodies (VHHs) poses challenges including immunogenicity, stability, and potential reduction of affinity. Critical to this process are complementarity‐determining regions (CDRs), Vernier and Hallmark residues, shaping the three‐dimensional fold and influencing VHH structure and function. Additionally, the presence of non‐canonical disulfide bonds further contributes to conformational stability and antigen binding. In this study, we systematically humanized two camelid‐derived VHHs targeting the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp30. Key structural positions in Vernier and Hallmark regions were exchanged with residues from the most similar human germline sequences. The resulting variants were characterized for binding affinities, yield, and purity. Structural binding modes were elucidated through crystal structure determination and AlphaFold2 predictions, providing insights into differences in binding affinity. Comparative structural and molecular dynamics characterizations of selected variants were performed to rationalize their functional properties and elucidate the role of specific sequence motifs in antigen binding. Furthermore, systematic analyses of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and Protein Data Bank (PDB) data was conducted, shedding light on the functional significance of Hallmark motifs and non‐canonical disulfide bonds in VHHs in general. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the structural determinants governing the functional properties of VHHs, offering a roadmap for their rational design, humanization, and optimization for therapeutic applications.