bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New perspectives on ‘Breathomics’: metabolomic profiling of non-volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath using DI-FT-ICR-MS
Authors: Malik Madiha , Demetrowitsch Tobias , Schwarz Karin , Kunze Thomas
Published: March 2024

Breath analysis offers tremendous potential for diagnostic approaches, since it allows for easy and non-invasive sample collection. “Breathomics” as one major research field comprehensively analyses the metabolomic profile of exhaled breath providing insights into various (patho)physiological processes. Recent research, however, primarily focuses on volatile compounds. This is the first study that evaluates the non-volatile organic compounds (nVOCs) in breath following an untargeted metabolomic approach. Herein, we developed an innovative method utilizing a filter-based device for metabolite extraction. Breath samples of 101 healthy volunteers (female n = 50) were analysed using DI-FT-ICR-MS and biostatistically evaluated. The characterisation of the non-volatile core breathome identified more than 1100 metabolites including various amino acids, organic and fatty acids and conjugates thereof, carbohydrates as well as diverse hydrophilic and lipophilic nVOCs. The data shows gender-specific differences in metabolic patterns with 570 significant metabolites. Male and female metabolomic profiles of breath were distinguished by a random forest approach with an out-of-bag error of 0.0099. Additionally, the study examines how oral contraceptives and various lifestyle factors, like alcohol consumption, affect the non-volatile breathome. In conclusion, the successful application of a filter-based device combined with metabolomics-analyses delineate a non-volatile breathprint laying the foundation for discovering clinical biomarkers in exhaled breath.
Structural dynamics of RAF1-HSP90-CDC37 and HSP90 complexes reveal asymmetric client interactions and key structural elements
Authors: Finci Lorenzo I. , Chakrabarti Mayukh , Gulten Gulcin , Finney Joseph , Grose Carissa , Fox Tara , Yang Renbin , Nissley Dwight V. , McCormick Frank , Esposito Dominic , Balius Trent E. , Simanshu Dhirendra K.
Published: March 2024

RAF kinases are integral to the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway, and proper RAF1 folding relies on its interaction with the chaperone HSP90 and the cochaperone CDC37. Understanding the intricate molecular interactions governing RAF1 folding is crucial for comprehending this process. Here, we present a cryo-EM structure of the closed-state RAF1-HSP90-CDC37 complex, where the C-lobe of the RAF1 kinase domain binds to one side of the HSP90 dimer, and an unfolded N-lobe segment of the RAF1 kinase domain threads through the center of the HSP90 dimer. CDC37 binds to the kinase C-lobe, mimicking the N-lobe with its HxNI motif. We also describe structures of HSP90 dimers without RAF1 and CDC37, displaying only N-terminal and middle domains, which we term the semi-open state. Employing 1 μs atomistic simulations, energetic decomposition, and comparative structural analysis, we elucidate the dynamics and interactions within these complexes. Our quantitative analysis reveals that CDC37 bridges the HSP90-RAF1 interaction, RAF1 binds HSP90 asymmetrically, and that HSP90 structural elements engage RAF1’s unfolded region. Additionally, N- and C-terminal interactions stabilize HSP90 dimers, and molecular interactions in HSP90 dimers rearrange between the closed and semi-open states. Our findings provide valuable insight into the contributions of HSP90 and CDC37 in mediating client folding.
Projecting contributions of marine protected areas to rebuild fish stocks under climate change
Authors: Cheung William W. L. , Palacios-Abrantes Juliano , Roberts Sarah M.
Published: March 2024

No-take marine protected areas (No-take MPAs) are considered as a major tool for conserving marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. No-take MPAs can also contribute to climate adaptation for exploited fish stocks. Meanwhile, many fish stocks in the world are overfished and management institutions are developing plans to rebuild them. Understanding the potential effects of no-take MPAs on fish stocks under climate change can help develop strategies for climate-resilient stock rebuilding. Here, using a linked climate-fish-fishing model, we undertake simulation experiments to examine the effects of no-take MPAs on biomass and potential catches of 231 exploited fish and invertebrate species in eight marine ecoregions in the Northeast Atlantic under climate change. The simulations include different levels of fishing, no-take MPAs coverage, atmospheric global warming levels, and account for the expected displacement of fishing to the area around the no-take MPAs. Average individual stock biomass is projected to decrease by 5–15% per degree Celsius atmospheric warming. Having 30% of the distribution of over-exploited fish stocks under no-take MPAs together with conservation-focused fisheries management of these stocks are projected to offset the negative impacts on their biomass under 2.6–2.9 °C global warming. Meanwhile, potential catches increase when a portion of the over-exploited fish stocks is protected from fishing as higher biomass in the no-take MPAs spills-over to the surrounding areas. Our findings highlight that no-take MPAs, combined with reducing fishing intensity, can help rebuild over-exploited fish biomass and benefit their dependent fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic under projected climate change in the 21st century.
Two classes of DNA gyrase inhibitors elicit distinct evolutionary trajectories toward resistance in gram-negative pathogens
Authors: Leyn Semen A. , Kent James E. , Zlamal Jaime E. , Elane Marinela L. , Vercruysse Maarten , Osterman Andrei L.
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms driving the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance is essential for the development of new drugs with minimized resistibility. To gain this knowledge, we combine experimental evolution in a continuous culturing device, the morbidostat, with whole genome sequencing of evolving cultures followed by characterization of drug-resistant isolates. Here, this approach was used to assess evolutionary dynamics of resistance acquisition against DNA gyrase/topoisomerase TriBE inhibitor GP6 in Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. The evolution of GP6 resistance in both species was driven by a combination of two classes of mutational events: (i) amino acid substitutions near the ATP-binding site of the GyrB subunit of the DNA gyrase target; and (ii) various mutations and genomic rearrangements leading to upregulation of efflux pumps, species-specific (AcrAB/TolC in E. coli and AdeIJK in A. baumannii) and shared by both species (MdtK). A comparison with the experimental evolution of resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP), previously performed using the same workflow and strains, revealed fundamental differences between these two distinct classes of compounds. Most notable were non-overlapping spectra of target mutations and distinct evolutionary trajectories that, in the case of GP6, were dominated by upregulation of efflux machinery prior to (or even in lieu) of target modification. Most of the efflux-driven GP6-resistant isolates of both species displayed a robust cross-resistance to CIP, while CIP-resistant clones showed no appreciable increase in GP6-resistance.
Anisotropy in magnetic materials for sensors and actuators in soft robotic systems
Authors: Kwon Hyeokju , Yang Yeonhee , Kim Geonsu , Gim Dongyeong , Ha Minjeong
Published: March 2024

Magnetic anisotropy in sensors and actuators enables remote and high-degree-of-freedom manipulation of soft robots, as well as cutting-edge control through sensor-actuator feedback systems.
Simulation of the resistance switching performance and synaptic behavior of TiO2-based RRAM devices with CoFe2O4 insertion layers
Authors: Yang Fei , Hu Bo , He Zijian , Liu Bingkun , Lou Shilong , Li Duogui , Wang Wentao
Published: March 2024

A performance improvement by inserting a CoFe2O4 layer in a TiO2-based RRAM device was investigated, where the structure has shown great behavior in the simulation of biological synapses.
Dynamics of spreading of an asymmetrically placed droplet near a fluid–fluid interface
Authors: Reddy Madhurima , Basavaraj Madivala G. , Thampi Sumesh P.
Published: March 2024

Two-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out to study the spreading dynamics of a droplet placed in the vicinity of a fluid–fluid interface.
A universal supramolecular assembly strategy for achieving efficient tunable white emission and anti-counterfeiting in antimony doped tin(iv)-based vacancy-ordered double perovskites
Authors: Lu Minghui , Peng Hui , Wei Qilin , Zhou Shichao , Dong Yongrun , Yu Shuiyue , Zhao Jialong , Zhong Xianci , Zou Bingsuo
Published: March 2024

Three compounds with high PLQY, (AC)2SnCl6:Sb3+ (A = K, Rb, and Cs), were developed using a supramolecular assembly strategy. The samples doped with Sb3+ were used to achieve tunable WLEDs, anti-counterfeiting, and information encryption.
One-pot synthesis of azabora[6]helicene by a Schiff base forming reaction
Authors: Kage Yuto , Jiang Yuchuan , Minakuchi Namiki , Mori Shigeki , Shimizu Soji
Published: March 2024

Azabora[6]helicene as a new heterohelicene analogue was synthesized by a one-pot reaction of commercially available 2,6-diaminopyridine and benzo[c,d]indole-2(1H)-one and subsequent boron coordination.
Synergistic electronic structure modulation of Pt using V2O3 and V8C7 for enhanced deuterium evolution performance
Authors: Li Yanfeng , Sheng Yuan , Shao Liangbin , Li Yuanan , Xu Weiwei , Zhang Shijie , Shao Fangjun , Wang Jianguo
Published: March 2024

Synergistic electronic metal–support interaction between V2O3/V8C7 and Pt realizes the development of a high-performance deuterium evolution catalyst.
A dual-functional metalloporphyrin-fluorenone covalent organic framework for solar hydrogen and oxygen production
Authors: Xiao Zhiwei , Wu Huyue , Jiao Lei , Zhang Xiang , Wang Yaobing
Published: March 2024

Developing efficient dual-functional photocatalysts for the solar-driven conversion of H2O into H2 and O2 is a challenging yet promising approach to achieve carbon-free fuel production.
Lie Detection Technology of Bimodal Feature Fusion Based on Domain Adversarial Neural Networks
Authors: Zhou Yan , Bu Feng
Published: March 2024

In the domain of lie detection, a common challenge arises from the dissimilar distributions of training and testing datasets. This causes a model mismatch, leading to a performance decline of the pretrained deep learning model. To solve this problem, we propose a lie detection technique based on a domain adversarial neural network employing a dual‐mode state feature. First, a deep learning neural network was used as a feature extractor to isolate speech and facial expression features exhibited by the liars. The data distributions of the source and target domain signals must be aligned. Second, a domain‐antagonistic transfer‐learning mechanism is introduced to build a neural network. The objective is to facilitate feature migration from the training to the testing domain, that is, the migration of lie‐related features from the source to the target domain. This method results in improved lie detection accuracy. Simulations conducted on two professional lying databases with different distributions show the superiority of the detection rate of the proposed method compared to an unimodal feature detection algorithm. The maximum improvement in detection rate was 23.3% compared to the traditional neural network‐based detection method. Therefore, the proposed method can learn features unrelated to domain categories, effectively mitigating the problem posed by different distributions in the training and testing of lying data.
MDU‐sampling: Multi‐domain uniform sampling method for large‐scale outdoor LiDAR point cloud registration
Authors: Ou Wengjun , Zheng Mingkui , Zheng Haifeng
Published: March 2024

Sampling is a crucial concern for outdoor light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud registration due to the large amounts of point cloud. Numerous algorithms have been devised to tackle this issue by selecting key points. However, these approaches often necessitate extensive computations, giving rise to challenges related to computational time and complexity. This letter proposes a multi‐domain uniform sampling method (MDU‐sampling) for large‐scale outdoor LiDAR point cloud registration. The feature extraction based on deep learning aggregates information from the neighbourhood, so there is redundancy between adjacent features. The sampling method in this paper is carried out in the spatial and feature domains. First, uniform sampling is executed in the spatial domain, maintaining local point cloud uniformity. This is believed to preserve more potential point correspondences and is beneficial for subsequent neighbourhood information aggregation and feature sampling. Subsequently, a secondary sampling in the feature domain is performed to reduce redundancy among the features of neighbouring points. Notably, only points on the same ring in LiDAR data are considered as neighbouring points, eliminating the need for additional neighbouring point search and thereby speeding up processing rates. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach enhances accuracy and robustness compared with benchmarks.
PCQD‐AR: Subjective quality assessment of compressed point clouds with head‐mounted augmented reality
Authors: Fan Chunling , Zhang Yun , Zhu Linwei , Wu Xinju
Published: March 2024

This letter fully studies the coloured point cloud quality assessment in augmented reality (AR) environment through subjective test. Firstly, a point cloud dataset, named point cloud quality dataset‐AR, including ten reference point clouds and their 90 distorted versions is presented, which were generated using the reference software of video‐based point cloud compression across various combinations of geometry and texture quantization parameters. Then, the impact of geometry and texture distortions on perceived quality of point clouds in AR environment was discussed in detail. Moreover, the performance of existing objective point cloud quality assessment metrics on the proposed dataset is evaluated. The subjective dataset including the values of mean opinion score were released to public.
Recovery strategy of distribution network based on dynamic island rescue under extreme weather
Authors: Liu Xinrui , Meng Qingkun , Wang Rui , Dong Chaoyu , Sun Qiuye
Published: March 2024

The frequent occurrence of various extreme weather has a great influence on the normal and stable operation of the distribution network. In order to minimise the large‐scale power loss of the distribution network caused by extreme weather, considering that most of the practical disasters are concurrent with various weather types, and each disaster is independent of each other. A unified failure rate calculation model is proposed, which includes line break, short circuit, tower fall, insulator flashover etc., to realise disaster scenario prediction. Secondly, a resilience evaluation index of island rescue based on mobile energy storage system (IR‐MESS) is proposed. Thirdly, considering the flexibility of MESS, the pre‐disaster scheduling of MESS is carried out according to the predicted disaster scenario. After the disaster occurs, a spatio‐temporal optimisation scheduling model based on the rescue state and charge state of MESS is proposed, and a dynamic IR‐MESS is formed to provide power supply for important loads in out‐of‐load areas of the distribution network. Finally, taking the actual ice disaster in northeast China as an example, the results show that the rescue strategy based on IR‐MESS proposed in this paper can effectively elevate the resilience of the distribution network.
Capacitor sizing of three‐level neutral point clamped voltage source inverter for electric vehicles: Effects of modulation and motor characteristics
Authors: Ogan Serhat Emir , Bostanci Emine
Published: March 2024

A three‐level neutral point clamped (3L‐NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI) topology can be advantageous in electric vehicles with a high DC‐link voltage and a high switching frequency. A bulky DC‐link capacitor is not an option; thus, the DC‐link capacitor's sizing considering the traction system characteristics is an important design step. This paper investigates how the DC‐link capacitor size of a 3L‐NPC VSI gets affected by the combination of the interdependent characteristics of an electric drive, such as its power factor, modulation index, current, and fundamental frequency, with the effects of the modulation methods. Five pulse width modulation (PWM) methods, of which three of them have an active neutral point potential control, are compared in terms of their neutral point potential (NPP) oscillations. Then, the size of the DC‐link capacitor is determined for each PWM method so that the NPP ripple is kept under desired limits at all operating conditions. It is shown that both the modulation technique and the electric machine characteristics influence the capacitor size. For example, electric machine design modifications can introduce more than a 30% reduction in capacitor size. Finally, DC‐link and NPP oscillations with different PWM methods are experimentally validated in a scaled‐down 3L‐NPC inverter.
Research on SSVEP‐EEG feature enhancement algorithm based on fractional differentiation
Authors: Li Zenghui , Wang Wei , Yuan Saijie , Pei Junpeng , Yang Qianqian , Wang Yousong
Published: March 2024

Steady‐state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP), significant in brain‐computer interfaces (BCI) and medical diagnostics, benefit from enhanced signal processing for improved analysis and interpretation. This study introduces a novel enhancement algorithm for SSVEP electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, employing fractional‐order differentiation operators combined with image processing techniques. Utilizing fractional‐order differentiation within a Laplace pyramid framework, the algorithm achieves hierarchical signal enhancement, facilitating detailed feature extraction and emphasizing SSVEP signal characteristics. This innovative approach merges the precision of fractional calculus with the structural benefits of the Laplace pyramid, leading to enhanced signal clarity and feature discrimination. The efficacy of this method was validated using canonical correlation analysis (CCA), filter bank CCA (FBCCA), and task‐related component analysis (TRCA) on a public dataset. Compared to conventional methods, our algorithm not only mitigates trend components in SSVEP signals but also significantly boosts the recognition accuracy of CCA, FBCCA, and TRCA algorithms. Experimental results indicate a marked improvement in recognition precision, underscoring the algorithm's potential to advance SSVEP‐based BCI research.
The EDIBLES Survey
Authors: Ebenbichler A. , Smoker J. V. , Lallement R. , Farhang A. , Cox N. L. J. , Joblin C. , van Loon J. Th. , Linnartz H. , Przybilla N. , Ehrenfreund P. , Cami J. , Cordiner M.
Published: March 2024

Context. There have been many attempts to identify families of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) with perfectly correlating band strengths. Although major efforts have been made to classify broadly based DIB families and important insights have been gained, no family has been identified with sufficient accuracy or statistical significance to prove that a series of selected DIBs originates from the same carrier. This can be attributed in part to the exclusive use of equivalent widths to establish DIB families.

Aims. In a change of strategy, we search for DIBs that are highly correlated in both band strength and profile shape. This approach increases the chance of correlating DIBs being members of one family and originating from the same carrier molecule. We also search for correlations between DIB profile families and atomic interstellar lines, with the goal of further chemically constraining possible DIB carriers.

Methods. We adapted the well-known method of time-series alignment to perform a spectral alignment; that is, DIB alignment. In a second step, we analysed the alignment results using a clustering analysis. This method required a statistically significant data set of DIB sight lines. The ESO Diffuse Interstellar Bands Large Exploration Survey (EDIBLES) data were perfectly suited for this application.

Results. We report eight DIB families with correlating strengths and profiles, as well as four previously unreported DIBs in the visual range, found using DIB alignment. All profile family members show Pearson correlation coefficients in band strength higher than 0.9. In particular, we report the 6614–6521 Å DIB pair, in which both DIBs show the same triple-peak substructure and an unprecedented band strength Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9935. The presented approach opens up new perspectives that can guide the laboratory search for DIB carriers.
Künstliche Plazenta – Chancen und Stand der
Forschung
Authors: Fusch Christoph , Rochow Niels , Klotzsch Anne-Katrin , Stamm Anja
Published: March 2024

Experten-Interview | Ein Projektteam um Prof. Dr. Christoph Fusch
und PD Dr. Niels Rochow forscht derzeit am Klinikum Nürnberg zur
Entwicklung einer künstlichen Plazenta. Diese soll Frühgeborene
über die Nabelschnur mit Sauerstoff versorgen – fast wie eine
echte. Inwieweit damit die Beatmung auf der Intensivstation ersetzt werden kann,
welche Vorteile das Verfahren bietet und welche kleinen Patient*innen
besonders davon profitieren, verraten die Forschenden im Experten-Interview.
Anti-Thrombin IgA in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma Leading to In Vitro Interference in Multiple Coagulation Tests and Confounding Diagnosis
Authors: Irsara Christian , Griesmacher Andrea , Loacker Lorin , Feistritzer Clemens , Überbacher Cosima Anna , Amiral Jean
Published: March 2024

Background We report the case of a 59-year-old multiple myeloma patient in whom an anti-human thrombin IgA antibody led to prolonged in vitro coagulation times, suggesting inhibitors to all intrinsic coagulation factors in the absence of spontaneous bleeding.

Methods Routine and extensive special coagulation tests, in vivo bleeding time, and specific antibody testing were performed.

Results Although the patient did not suffer from spontaneous bleeding and had a normal in vivo bleeding time, the anti-human thrombin IgA autoantibody affected all coagulation assays involving human thrombin in vitro, mimicking inhibitors to intrinsic coagulation factors. As the IgA paraprotein and the IgA antibody virtually disappeared after autologous stem cell transplantation, the coagulation tests also largely normalized.

Conclusion Antibodies to human thrombin may interfere with all coagulation assays involving thrombin, imitating a severe coagulopathy. However, in vivo they do not necessarily lead to strongly increased bleeding tendency. Complex and ambiguous coagulation abnormalities should be evaluated and treated in an interdisciplinary setting, including a highly specialized coagulation laboratory, from the beginning.
Committed Lone Fighters And Group Experiences: An International
Survey On Pediatric Hematology And Oncology Training In German-Speaking
Countries
Authors: Barnbrock Anke , Schäfer Kristine , Stursberg Jana , Siebald Benjamin , Graf Norbert , Mücke Urs , Schneider Dominik T. , Bochennek Konrad , Füller Miriam
Published: March 2024

Introduction In German-speaking countries children with cancer are treated
in about 70 hospitals. While national and European curricula for pediatric
oncology and hematology (POH) have been developed, little is known, how far
these curricula have been implemented into daily training and what topics are
deemed urgent by instructors.

Methods and Materials In 2022 the Didactics and Educational working party
of the German Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Society conducted a survey plus
interview by phone call on local educational conditions in POH and needs of
educators.

Results Thirty-two (45%) POH centers answered the questionary, half have
appointed persons overseeing the training. A wide range educational scenarios
were described in some centers. Trainees identified urgent needs in areas such
as hybrid education and demanded training workshops on specific topics and
intensified networking and a general curriculum implemented into daily care as
mandatory.

Conclusion This is the first survey on educational issues in POH in German
speaking centers, describing the current situation before and under pandemic
conditions. Great individual efforts have already been achieved by dedicated
teachers. A comprehensive training program in POH is still missing, which
translates the national curriculum into daily practice, while improving
networking and balancing the resources of the individual centers.
Synthesis of the Cyclohexane Fragment Peculiar to Enacyloxins: Study of Its Assembly and Protective Groups Removal
Authors: Roulland Emmanuel , Christin Orane
Published: March 2024

The enantioselective synthesis of the protected (1S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid moiety shared among all members of the enacyloxin family has been successfully accomplished. Having obtained this fragment, we devised assembly conditions using models that mimic the enacyloxin acyl chain. Additionally, we assessed conditions for the removal of protective groups, aiming to avoid previously reported detrimental ester shifts.
Sulfonium-Based Activity-Based Probes for Lysine-Selective Protein Profiling under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Yin Feng , Lu Fei , Li Zigang , Hu Changxing , Wang Rui , An Yuhao , Wan Chuan
Published: March 2024

Due to their strong nucleophilicities, nucleophilic lysine and cysteine residues can be easily recognized and modified by electrophilic groups, thus, acting as the targets for covalent ligands or drugs. Therefore, the development of site-specific protein-modification chemistry for various nucleophilic residues has been explored to label proteins selectively for many biological and therapeutic applications. In this study, we constructed a series of sulfonium-based small molecules to react with the amine group of lysine residues by utilizing the strong electrophilicity of sulfonium, resulting in lysine-selective labeling via the formation of classical amide bonds under alkaline conditions (pH 9.0–11.0). After systematic optimization of the labeling conditions, this strategy was utilized for protein labeling across various bacteria’s lysates. Finally, combined with the activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) strategy, we successfully identified and analyzed hundreds of labeled lysine residues in the bacterial proteome.
New Guidelines for Severe Community-acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Calabretta Davide , Martìn-Loeches Ignacio , Torres Antoni
Published: March 2024

In 2023, the new European guidelines on severe community-acquired pneumonia, providing clinical practice recommendations for the management of this life-threatening infection, characterized by a high burden of mortality, morbidity, and costs for the society. This review article aims to summarize the principal evidence related to eight different questions covered in the guidelines, by also highlighting the future perspectives for research activity.
Clinicobiochemical Profile and Outcome of Children with Small Molecule Neurometabolic Disorders: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience from India
Authors: Banerjee Bidisha , Shinde Supriya , Christopher Rita , Acharya Ullas
Published: March 2024

Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM), though heterogenous, are not uncommon. Neurologic manifestations predominate. Without universal newborn screening, early diagnosis and treatment may lessen neuromorbidity. Hence, this study was done to understand small molecule neurometabolic disorders' presentation, diagnostic clues, and outcome. Small molecule neurometabolic disorder was diagnosed in 45 children (postneonatal onset) over 14 years (2008–2022) in a tertiary care hospital. Clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively analyzed. There were 26 boys and 19 girls. The median age at diagnosis was 19 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 8–38 months). The median diagnostic delay was 12 months in chronic encephalopathy (IQR: 1–24 months) and 1 month (IQR: 0.2–5.5 months) in the acute encephalopathy group (p ≤ 0.01). The presentation mode was chronic encephalopathy/myopathy in 29 (64.4%) and acute encephalopathy in 11 (24.4%). Diagnostic clues included unexplained developmental delay (n = 27, 60%), tone abnormalities (n = 26, 57.7%), movement disorder and ataxia (n = 16, 35.5%), acute encephalopathy (n = 11, 24.4%), neuroregression (n = 10, 22.2%), macrocephaly (n = 10, 22.2%), and alopecia (n = 4, 8.9%). Diagnostic/suggestive blood-spot tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) was seen in 34/38 (89.5%) children. Neuroimaging helped clinch the diagnosis in 17 (47%) children. Diagnostic categories were organic acidemias (n = 25, 55.6%), urea cycle disorders (n = 11, 24.4%), aminoacidopathies (n = 5, 11.1%), and fatty acid oxidation disorders (n = 4, 8.9%). The neurodevelopmental outcome was normal in 13 (28.8%), mild delay in 12 (26.6%), severe delay in 11 (24.4%), 3 deaths (6.6%), and 6 (13.3%) children being lost to follow-up. Overall, the outcome was favorable in 55% of cases. Unexplained developmental delay with tone abnormalities with or without movement disorders is a joint presentation of late-onset neurometabolic diseases. Neuroimaging studies and laboratory tests like blood-spot TMS help identify many small molecule disorders.
Mortality in Patients with Leukemia and Lymphoma Urgently Admitted to the PICU: Secondary Analysis of Data from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nostedt Sarah , Sinha Ruchi , Joffe Ari R. , Szadkowski Leah , Farrell Catherine , Parshuram Chris
Published: March 2024

Objectives were to describe the severity of illness in patients with leukemia or lymphoma urgently admitted to pediatric intensive care and explores the risk factors for mortality. A secondary analysis was performed of prospectively collected data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 21 children's hospitals from 2011 to 2015. Eligible patients were urgently admitted to intensive care and had a diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma. Associations with intensive care mortality (primary outcome) were determined with multivariable generalized estimating equation with a logit link, accounting for clustering by site. Associations with time to intensive care mortality (secondary outcome) were determined with multivariable proportional hazards models. A total of 109 patients were included, age 115 (interquartile range [IQR] 42, 168) months and intensive care length of stay was 3 (IQR 2, 6) days. During the first hour in intensive care 36 (33%) were ventilated, and during intensive care 45 (41.3%) had at least 1 technology day. Day 1 Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score was ≥ 20 in 37 (33.9%), Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 mortality risk was > 10% in 35 (32.1%), and Children's Resuscitation Intensity Scale (RISC) was ≥ 3 (late admission to intensive care) in 32 (31.7%). Intensive care mortality was 20/109 (18.3%); with intensive care stay ≥ 20 days mortality was 51%. Previous urgent pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and day 1 PELOD score were associated with higher PICU mortality. Mechanical ventilation, day 1 PELOD score, and late admission to the PICU (RISC ≥ 2) were associated with time to death. Patients with leukemia and lymphoma urgently admitted to intensive care had mortality of 18.3%, an improvement from historical cohorts. Risk factors were not accurate enough to make individual patient care decisions.
Quantitative Measurement and Analysis of the Radial Peripapillary and Central Macular Microvasculature Density in Early Open-Angle Glaucoma Using OCT Angiography
Authors: Abdala Majdi Abdulhamid , Masoud Suliman Mohamed , Geilani Nadia Abdelsalam
Published: March 2024

Background Glaucoma is a prevalent cause of visual impairment, and early detection is critical to prevent progressive vision loss. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) enables visualization of retinal and optic nerve microvasculature and holds promise for early glaucoma detection.

Aims This study aims to assess microvasculature density alterations in glaucoma using OCT-A.

Methods An observational cross-sectional case–control study was conducted at Benghazi Eye Hospital in Libya from December 2022 to August 2023. It included 160 eyes of 126 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma and 120 eyes of 96 control subjects. OCT-A was performed using the Swept-Source OCT DRI Triton. Vessel density measurements were obtained from OCT-A images using new built-in software within the device. The data presented as mean ± standard deviation and percentages were analyzed using SPSS. The statistical significance of the differences between different groups was determined using independent t-tests, and the level of significance was set at p-value less than 0.05.

Results OCT-A demonstrated significantly reduced microvasculature density in glaucoma eyes across all optic nerve sectors including the inferior (29.0%), superior (25.2%), central (23.5%), nasal (9.9%), and temporal sectors (9.3%; p < 0.02). Moreover, glaucoma patients exhibited a significant reduction in vessel density in the superior macula (17% reduction), the temporal (15.7%,), nasal (12.9%), and inferior sectors (12.6%) (p < 0.002). No statistical difference was seen with vessel density of the central sector (0.49%, p >0.05).

Conclusion OCT-A demonstrated significant reductions in microvasculature density in glaucoma patients compared with healthy controls. These findings support the association between glaucoma and vascular changes. Additionally, the TOPCON Swept-Source OCT DRI Triton new software shows promise as a valuable tool for early detection and monitoring of glaucoma-related vascular changes.
Abducens Nerve Duplication: Novel Intraoperative and Radiographic Observation of a Rare Anatomical Variant
Authors: Graffeo Christopher S. , Scherschinski Lea , Benet Arnau , Benner Dimitri , Alhilali Lea M. , Dortch Richard , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lawton Michael T.
Published: March 2024

Objectives The abducens nerve has a long, serpentine subarachnoid course with complex topographical relationships, rendering abducens nerve palsy the most common ocular motor cranial nerve palsy in adults and second most common in pediatric patients, with anatomical variants reported in the literature. Preoperative awareness of abducens nerve variant anatomy may help prevent inadvertent intraoperative injury.

Design This study is a case report with a review of the abducens nerve anatomy and variants.

Setting The study setting included outpatient, inpatient, and operating room in the neurosurgery department of a quaternary referral center.

Participants The study included a woman in her early 30s with a diagnosis of petrous meningioma.

Main Outcome Measures In vivo documentation of a type 3 abducens nerve duplication was carried out.

Results A left extended retrosigmoid craniotomy was recommended for the petroclival meningioma resection. Intraoperatively, a complete duplication of the left abducens cisternal segment was encountered and photographed. The left unilateral abducens nerve duplication was confirmed with postoperative volumetric magnetic resonance imaging using the FIESTA (fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition) sequence, revealing the union of the duplicated cisternal abducens nerves into a single trunk from Dorello's canal distally.

Conclusion Abducens nerve variants are uncommon, and although reported in the setting of cadaveric dissection, in vivo documentation of them is limited. This case report of an in vivo type 3 abducens nerve duplication with intraoperative photographic and radiographic images highlights the need for clinical awareness to avoid inadvertent intraoperative injury.
Distal Radius Fracture Subsidence after Nonoperative Treatment
Authors: Alzouhayli Kenan , Samade Richard , Sitton Beau , Bates Nathaniel , Goyal Kanu S.
Published: March 2024

Background Our primary aim was to identify risk factors for subsidence development in nonoperatively treated distal radius fractures (DRFs). Secondary aims of the study included comparisons of subsidence progression over time with respect to DRF radiographic parameters.

Methods A retrospective cohort study of 70 patients with DRFs treated nonoperatively and followed for a minimum of 12 weeks was performed. Of the 70 patients, 29 had subsidence and 41 did not have subsidence. Radiographic measurements assessed the radial height (RH), ulnar variance (UV), volar tilt (VT), and radial inclination (RI). Outcome measures included demographics, injury characteristics, closed reduction, and radiographic measurements.

Results Nearly 95% of DRF subsidence occurred within the first 6 weeks after nonoperative treatment. The mean age of the 41 patients without DRF subsidence was 57.6 ± 16.8 years, and 31/41 (76%) patients were females. Conversely, the mean of the 29 patients with DRF subsidence was 63.8 ± 17.5 years, and 22/29 (76%) patients were females. Fractures requiring closed reduction were associated with more overall subsidence (p = 0.0009) and subsidence within the first 2 weeks posttreatment. Type C and comminuted fractures were associated with DRF subsidence (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). The initial radiographic parameters and step-off measures were not associated with a higher risk of subsidence (p ≥ 0.05). Significant differences between subsidence progressions with respect to RH, UV, VT, and RI were observed.

Conclusion Most DRF subsidence occurs within the first 6 weeks of nonoperative treatment. Closed reduction, comminution, and AO fracture type are predictors of subsidence development. Moreover, DRF subsidence progresses at different rates depending on the radiographic parameter assessed.
Optimal Screening for Hereditary Head and Neck Paraganglioma in Asymptomatic SDHx Variant Carriers in the Netherlands
Authors: Heesters Anouk Frederique , Tops Carli , Potjer Thomas , Corssmit Eleonora P.M. , Bayley Jean-Pierre , Hensen Erik , Jansen Jeroen
Published: March 2024

Background SDHx variant carriers have an increased risk of developing head and neck paraganglioma. The Dutch guidelines state that these patients require lifelong follow-up, but no clear recommendation is made about the frequency of screening.

Objective To determine the annual risk of developing head and neck paraganglioma in SDHx variant carriers after a negative initial screening.

Methods We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study in the Netherlands that included 49 SDHA, SDHB, and SDHD variant carriers with a negative first screening and at least one follow-up. The main outcome measure was the annual risk of developing a paraganglioma for the SDHx variants separately.

Results Between 2000 and 2022, nine patients developed a paraganglioma all of whom were carriers of a SDHD variant (n = 23). Neither the 24 SDHB-related cases nor the 2 SDHA variant carriers developed a paraganglioma after a median of 4.83 and 5.92 years of follow-up, respectively.

Conclusion The 5-year risk for head and neck paragangliomas in pathological SDHx variant carriers is less than 20%. A 5-year interval for screening SDHx carriers seems sufficient to prevent the unnoticed development of head and neck paragangliomas that warrant treatment.
Fibrinolytic Agents in Thromboembolic Diseases: Historical Perspectives and Approved Indications
Authors: Rashedi Sina , Greason Christie M. , Sadeghipour Parham , Talasaz Azita H. , O'Donoghue Michelle L. , Jimenez David , Monreal Manuel , Anderson Christopher D. , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Kreuziger Lisa M. Baumann , Lang Irene M. , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Konstantinides Stavros V. , Piazza Gregory , Krumholz Harlan M. , Braunwald Eugene , Bikdeli Behnood
Published: March 2024

Fibrinolytic agents catalyze the conversion of the inactive proenzyme plasminogen into the active protease plasmin, degrading fibrin within the thrombus and recanalizing occluded vessels. The history of these medications dates to the discovery of the first fibrinolytic compound, streptokinase, from bacterial cultures in 1933. Over time, researchers identified two other plasminogen activators in human samples, namely urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Subsequently, tPA was cloned using recombinant DNA methods to produce alteplase. Several additional derivatives of tPA, such as tenecteplase and reteplase, were developed to extend the plasma half-life of tPA. Over the past decades, fibrinolytic medications have been widely used to manage patients with venous and arterial thromboembolic events. Currently, alteplase is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in patients with pulmonary embolism with hemodynamic compromise, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), acute ischemic stroke, and central venous access device occlusion. Reteplase and tenecteplase have also received FDA approval for treating patients with STEMI. This review provides an overview of the historical background related to fibrinolytic agents and briefly summarizes their approved indications across various thromboembolic diseases.
Calculation of product service systems in single and small batch production
Authors: Schuh Günther , Lukas Gerret , Schweins Julian , Trisjono Julian , Frank Julius
Published: March 2024

Single and small batch production is characterized by complex value-added processes and products. The transparent calculation of new offers and change requests is therefore a particular challenge. At the same time, the rising spread of product service systems (PSS) increases the complexity of costing, as additional intangible services have to be calculated precisely. In addition to the challenges posed by such precise calculation of intangible services, companies have to master another complexity driver in the form of PSS. Innovative information and communication technologies (ICT) offer new potential for effective and efficient design of the costing process for the entire life cycle. The rising availability of data along the entire product life cycle significantly increases transparency and, thanks to intelligent analysis algorithms, allows the identification of clear cause-and-effect relationships and forecasting options. The aim of the presented paper is thus to develop a model for calculation of PPS in single and small batch production that exploits the new potential of ICT.
Attitude toward gender inequality in China
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Chiang Tsun-Feng , Xiao Jing Jian
Published: March 2024

This study explores determinants of attitudes toward gender inequality among Chinese people using five waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) and East Asian Social Survey (EASS, 2016). The study uses five survey questions regarding the relative roles of men and women in the family and workplace to measure gender attitudes. Utilizing the pooled data, the study finds temporal changes of attitude: women are expected to be more responsible for paid jobs than before while their job security is not given enough support; meanwhile, women’s share in housework is not anticipated to be reduced. The results suggest that the Chinese attitude toward women’s roles is stuck between the modern and old eras. Education is found to be the most crucial determinant of attitude. Education is positively correlated with attitudes supporting women regarding gender inequality. In addition, if the wife has a higher education than the husband, the respondent tends to have an attitude toward gender equality. Furthermore, a large part of the urban-rural difference in attitude can be explained by the urban-rural difference in education. These findings have a straightforward policy implication: to reduce the negative attitude toward gender inequality, education for women and rural regions needs to be promoted. Additionally, by combining the Chinese General Social Survey 2017 and the East Asian Social Survey 2016, this study finds that an individual’s patrilineal values conflict with the attitude toward gender equality, suggesting that traditional culture is a potential root of gender inequality.
How do behavior problems change over time in childhood? Evidence from the early childhood longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Chen
Published: March 2024

The trajectories and predictors of childhood behavior problems remain unclear, this study aims to examine this research topic using nine waves of data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. A total of 1,1779 and 1,1785 children (ages 5 to 13 years) and their parents and teachers were recruited to examine the development of internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. Results showed that internalizing problems had three developmental patterns, such as a low-increased pattern, a low-stable pattern, and a medium-decreased pattern, and externalizing problems had five developmental patterns, including a high-decreased pattern, a medium-decreased pattern, a low-high increased pattern, a low-increased pattern, and a low-stable pattern. The race, gender, family socioeconomic status, and self-control of the children predicted these trajectories. Findings suggest that changes in childhood behavior problems are heterogeneous and that individual differences should be considered when studying changes in behavior problems.
Reconstruction of averaging indicators for highly heterogeneous media
Authors: Audibert Lorenzo , Haddar Houssem , Pourre Fabien
Published: March 2024

We propose a new imaging algorithm capable of producing quantitative indicator functions for unknown and possibly highly oscillating media from multi-static far field measurements of scattered fields at a fixed frequency. The algorithm exploits the notion of modified transmission eigenvalues and their determination from measurements. We propose in particular the use of a new modified background obtained as the limit of a metamaterial background. It has the advantage of having a unique non zero eigenvalue, which is particularly suited for the proposed imaging procedure. We show the efficiency of this new algorithm on some two dimensional experiments and emphasise its superiority with respect to some classical approaches such as the linear sampling method.
Reflective x-ray masks for x-ray lithography
Authors: Chumak V S , Peredkov S , Devizenko A Yu , Kopylets I A , Pershyn Yu P
Published: March 2024

Application of x-ray multilayers as reflective x-ray masks for x-ray lithography is proposed. The mask is a specially prepared multilayer mirror capable to selectively reflect x-rays. The use of grazing geometry allows a pattern design on the mask to be compressed in one direction. Application examples are given for the masks (WC/Si multilayers) with two types of a radiation source: an x-ray tube (λ = 0.154 nm) and a synchrotron (λ ∼ 0.35 nm). The compression of the mask segments by 14–33 times with the imprint size in the resist plane 3.5–4 μm is obtained. The advantages of the proposed masks are given. The possibilities of obtaining submicron imprints are discussed.
Investigation of spurious mode suppression in 3.8 GHz shear-horizontal mode surface acoustic wave resonators based on LiNbO3/SiO2/Si multilayer structure
Authors: Tu Cheng , Zhang Ting-yang , Zhang Zhuo , Huang Qin-wen , Zhang Xiao-sheng
Published: March 2024

LiNbO3(LN)/SiO2/Si multilayer structures have recently attracted much attention due to their superior performance in realizing wideband radio-frequency acoustic filters. However, the spurious modes, which are commonly found in LN-on-insulator (LNOI) resonators, often cause in-band ripples and a deteriorated out-of-band suppression level. Although much research work has been done on the suppression of spurious modes in LNOI resonators operating in the <3 GHz region, little has been reported for >3 GHz devices. This work investigates the spurious mode suppression techniques for a 3.8 GHz shear-horizontal mode 36° YX-LNOI surface acoustic wave (SAW) device based on an LN/SiO2/Si multilayer structure. Specifically, we explore different techniques based on apodized electrodes, dummy electrodes and a double busbar structure. The measured results show that the effect of spurious mode suppression can be improved by combining the benefits of these techniques, which provides a promising solution for designing spurious-free LNOI SAW resonators operating above 3 GHz.