bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OESOPHAGEAL DYSFUNCTION AND ANGINA PECTORIS IN A SWEDISH POPULATION SELECTED AT RANDOM
Authors: Tibbling Lita
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. From an urban Swedish population, samples of 25 and 55 year old men and women were examined with questionnaires, oesophageal manometry including acid perfusion test. An exercise ECG was performed in 55 year old men with anginalike pain. Oesophageal dysfunction (OD) defined as either a hiatal hernia, severe dysmotility or a positive related acid perfusion test was found in 12% of the younger population and in 29% of the older one. The frequency of angina pectoris according to the Rose questionnaire was 5% in the 25 year olds and 13% in the 55 year olds. OD was found in 44% of the older male group with angina pectoris at history. In the angina group objective signs of ischemic heart disease was found in 32%. At interview by a cardiologist in connection with exercise ECG, the angina pectoris diagnosis as assessed by questionnaire was reduced to 4% in the 55 year old men. In this group objective signs of ischemic heart disease or a history of myocardial infarction (CHD) were found in 94%. The others, classified by a physician as possible or no angina pectoris had a lower rate of CHD of 25% and 13% respectively. The angina pectoris group diagnosed according to Rose questionnaire contains more people with OD than with CHD. The diagnosis angina pectoris as ischemic heart disease should therefore not be set on the history alone.
TREATMENT OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE DURING 24 HOURS, FOLLOWED BY ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE
Authors: Durrer Joseph D. , Lie K.I. , van Capelle F.J.
Published: August 2010

In a controlled randomized study of 328 consecutive patients admitted within 24 hours after the onset of acute myocardial infarction, 163 patients received a sodium nitroprusside infusion during 24 hours, followed by six times a day 5 mg isosorbide dinitrate for seven days and 165 patients received a glucose 5% infusion. Excluded from the study were patients with either pulmonary edema and/or cardiogenic shock, two or more previous myocardial infarctions or a systolic bloodpressure of less than 95 mmHg just before entering the study.

Sodium nitroprusside was titrated in such a way that systolic bloodpressure was kept between 95 and 105 mmHg.

Standard medical treatment for both groups was the same.

CK‐MB was sampled every four hours until peak value was reached.

Endpoint of the study was a significant reduction in mortality within a week after starting treatment.
Relapse of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Lasting for Four Years
Authors: Giannoulis Nicos , Reizenstein Peter , Öst Åke
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. A 36‐year‐old woman with acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2) achieved complete remission in Feb. 1973, after ten weeks of chemotherapy with rubidomycin‐cytosine arabinoside. She received weekly immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette‐Guérin and allogeneic non‐irradiated blast cells and monthly chemotherapy with thioguanine‐cytosine arabinoside as maintenance. The bone marrow remained normocellular for 20 months. A first relapse occurred after this period. A second remission was achieved by seven courses of different cytostatic combinations. A second relapse, refractory to all cytostatic combinations tried, occurred in June 1976. She was thereafter in relapse until her death in July 1980. Autopsy showed extensive leukemic infiltration in bone marrow, liver, spleen, pericardium, stomach, and lymph nodes. Cytochemistry, surface markers, the capacity to stimulate lymphocytes, the in vitro growth pattern (colony‐forming unit culture) of bone marrow and biochemical analyses did not give any remarkable results. In contrast, the peripheral blood cells produced a normal amount of colonystimulating activity, which is significantly more than that produced by the blood from other leukemia patients. In liquid culture, the peripheral blood cells from this patient also seemed to live longer and mature more than cells from other leukemia patients. Finally, the peripheral leukemic cells from this patient seemed to produce far less leukemia‐associated stem cell inhibitor than cells from other leukemia patients. The normal colony‐stimulating activity production by leukemic cells and the absence of leukemia‐associated stem cell inhibitor may therefore explain the long survival of this patient in relapse.
The »Stockholm Stressone» and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Kagan Aubrey
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. A model is presented which links social change, stress and disease as a series of interacting variables. The mechanisms underlying Cannon and Selye stress are discussed and it is suggested that neither response properly meets the coping needs induced by current stressful experiences.

Evidence from this Symposium and elsewhere suggests that coronary heart disease (CHD) has psychosocial stress as one of its major predisposing factors. Two key hypotheses are developed: that all psychosocial stresses may be reduced to a small number of categories, and that pathology arises when the stress responses are inappropriate to the problem in hand. Both of these hypotheses, if validated, could have practical value in assessing an individual's risk of contracting stress induced disease, and in demonstrating at a very early stage whether interventions were improving the situation or making it worse.
Home Blood Pressure Measurements—Feasibility and Results Compared to Office Measurements
Authors: Welin Lennart , Svärdsudd Kurt , Tibblin Gösta
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Blood pressure (BP) readings in a physician's office have been reported to be higher than patient‐determined readings at home. This conclusion is based on measurements in various selected groups of patients. In this study, the results of office and home BP readings were compared in three groups of men with high BP sampled from the general population. More than 90% of the men were able to perform the measurements. Among men well accustomed to the office environment, the differences between office and home readings were small and without any clinical importance. Among men less well accustomed to the office atmosphere, the office readings exceeded almost invariably the home BP.
The effect of adrenergic blockade on potassium concentrations in different conditions
Authors: Lundborg Per
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT A moderate increase in serum potassium concentrations has been observed in several controlled clinical trials with β‐blockers. This increase cannot be explained by the retention of potassium in the organism, and is probably caused by the redistribution of potassium from intracellular to extracellular compartments. β‐adrenergic mechanisms seem to be concerned in the extrarenal handling of the potassium‐load in man, presumably by inducing an increased uptake of potassium in muscular cells and liver cells. These β‐adrenergic mechanisms are probably of the β2‐type. In theory there are several conditions in which it is important to have a defence against hyperkalaemia from exogenous or endogenous sources for example, during heavy physical exercise, after a potassium‐rich meal, or after traumatic tissue damage. Available data indicate that non‐selective β‐blockade increases serum potassium concentrations during and after heavy exercise and during coronary bypass. The clinical implications of these findings are unknown.
Formate Concentrations in Plasma from Patients Poisoned with Methanol
Authors: Sejersted Ole M. , Jacobsen Dag , Øvrebø Steinar , Jansen Helge
Published: August 2010

Formate and methanol were quantified in blood samples from 11 untreated methanol‐poi‐soned subjects. The range for whole blood methanol concentrations was 0–137 mmol/l and for plasma formate concentrations 0.4–17.1 mmol/l. Simultaneously determined acid‐base status and serum electrolyte concentrations allowed assessment of the relative importance of formate accumulation for the acidosis. The plasma formate concentration was highly correlated to both the calculated anion gap (r=0.833), the bicarbonate concentration (r=— 0.852) and the negative base excess (r=0.865). The accumulation of formate fully accounted for the increase in the anion gap and the fall in plasma bicarbonate, whereas the negative base excess values were about 22% higher than the plasma formate concentration. We conclude that formate accumulation is the main or only reason for acidosis in the early, uncomplicated stages of methanol poisoning. Lactate may appear at more advanced stages.
Quantification of Left Ventricular Wall Dysfunction by M‐Mode Echocardiographic Mapping in Heart Failure Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lindvall K. , Sjögren A.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Echocardiographic mapping was performed in 44 patients on arrival in hospital and day 2 following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To evaluate left ventricular (LV) function the per cent deviation of the mean systolic wall velocity (PD‐V) from the normal was measured from 16 LV segments. Adequate data were obtained from 89% of the segments. The number of hypokinetic segments was somewhat higher in anterior than inferior AMI, reaching significance (p<0.05) on day 2. Dyskinetic segments were also more common in patients with anterior infarction (p<0.001), who also had significantly higher enzyme maxima than patients with inferior AMI (p<0.01). Enzyme maxima correlated well with the sum of PD‐V from all hypokinetic segments on day 1 (r = 0.79, p<0.01). Compensatory hyperkinesia was more common in inferior than anterior AMI (p<0.001). Global LV function, estimated by subtracting the number of hyper‐ from hypokinetic segments (score σ S: Adj), was significantly related to heart failure (Killip classification) (p<0.01) and the respiratory rate (r = 0.71, p<0.01) in the acute phase as well as to heart failure during the first post AMI month (New York Heart Association classification).
Variation of serum lipoproteins in postmyocardial infarction patients treated with verapamil or placebo.
Authors: Strunge Poul , Engby Birger , Schmidt Erling , Trostmann Aage F.
Published: August 2010

The effect of verapamil on plasma lipids and lipoproteins was studied in 64 patients taking part in a double blind controlled trial of verapamil versus placebo in post myocardial infarction. During a six month treatment period no significant difference was seen in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins or low density lipoproteins.
Combined Therapy with Ca‐Antagonists and Beta‐Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Agents in Chronic Stable Angina
Authors: Lessem Jan
Published: August 2010

There have been conflicting reports on the safety of combining betaadrenergic receptor blockers and Ca++ ‐antagonists, especially verapamil, in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Warnings have been raised against additive negative chronotropic and inotropic effects. This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of simultaneous administration of verapamil, 360 mg daily, and atenolol, 100 mg daily, with that of either drug alone. Eighteen patients (mean age 58 years) with chronic stable angina were included in the study. After a two‐week run‐in period, the patients received either drug alone for six weeks and were then given the combination for another six weeks. Frequent ECG and blood pressure measurements were performed. Radionuclide evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction was done before and at the end of the combined therapy. Exercise testing using a bicycle ergometer was performed during each treatment period.

Only one patient developed sinus bradycardia when on combined therapy (48 bpm). The P‐Q time increased with single drug therapy as well as with the combination (p < 0.01). Maximal exercise time increased more with the combination than with single drug therapy. No serious adverse hemodynamic effects were recorded. LVEF increased by 4.6% (p < 0.01) with the combined therapy. A decrease in nitroglycerine consumption occurred, beeing most pronounced with the combined therapy and corresponding to a subjective improvement.

It is concluded that an additive negative chronotropism occured but that the combination is safe and offers an effective therapeutic alternative in chronic stable angina.
Outcome of the Glucagon Test Depends upon the Prevailing Blood Glucose Concentration in Type I (Insulin‐dependent) Diabetic Patients
Authors: MADSBAD S. , SAUERBREY N. , MØLLER‐JENSEN B. , KRARUP T. , KUHL C.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. The outcome of 97 paired glucagon and meal tests was related to the prevailing fasting blood glucose concentrations on the two test days. At blood glucose concentration >7 mmol/l both the C‐peptide responses and the maximal (6 min) C‐peptide concentrations during the glucagon tests were significantly lower than the corresponding values found during the meal tests. During the glucagon tests, a direct relationship was found between the responsiveness of the pancreatic β‐cells and fasting blood glucose values when these were between 3 and 7 mmol/l. No significant difference was found between the outcome of the two tests when the fasting blood glucose concentration was >7 mmol/l. The results indicate that the outcome of the glucagon test in Type I patients depends upon the prevailing fasting blood glucose concentration and that the predictive value of the glucagon test as to how the β‐cells will respond to a meal during everyday life is low when fasting blood glucose is >7 mmol/l.
Bartter's Syndrome
Authors: RUDIN AVA
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Twenty‐eight patients with Bartter's syndrome diagnosed during the years 1964‐86 and followed for an average of 9.9 years have been reviewed. Their mean age at the time of diagnosis was 32.9 years. As a group they were shorter than normal subjects. In 19 patients hypokalaemia was detected incidentally. Neuromuscular symptoms, usually minor, had occurred in 19 subjects. Pregnancies and deliveries were unremarkable. One patient has died from malignant lymphoma, the others are alive. Of these, one patient has developed renal failure and received a renal transplant. The other patients have preserved a normal renal function and the majority have been healthy and working full time. Treatment rarely resulted in normokalaemia. The annual incidence of the syndrome has been estimated at 1.2 per million people.
Factors Contributing to Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Long‐term Type I Diabetic Subjects
Authors: DANIELSEN RAGNAR
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Although non‐invasive studies in type I diabetic subjects indicate left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, the contribution of borderline or mild hypertension to such changes is obscure. Thus, digitized M‐mode echocardiograms were obtained in 32 (18 men) young (<50 years) normotensive controls and 32 (21 men) long‐term (≥12 years) type I diabetics with blood pressures ranging from normal to hypertensive. All diabetics were without clinical heart disease, none were previously treated for hypertension or using cardioactive drugs. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in diabetic than control subjects. Their LV end‐diastolic dimension was smaller, whereas wall thickness, LV mass index and fractional shortening were similar to controls. In diabetics, however, the normalized peak filling rate was decreased and the rapid filling period fraction of diastole increased. In multivariate analysis, diabetes and LV mass independently and inversely influenced the normalized peak filling rate, while fractional shortening did so positively. Furthermore, diabetes and systolic blood pressure independently influenced the rapid filling period fraction of diastole. This study is the first to demonstrate systolic blood pressure and LV mass as independent contributors to subclinical LV diastolic abnormalities in diabetics. These findings may therefore indicate the need to treat even mild hypertension in diabetics in an effort to delay the development of cardiopathy.
The pituitary‐thyroid axis set point in women is uninfluenced by X chromosome inactivation pattern? A twin study
Authors: Brix Thomas H. , Hansen Pia S. , Kyvik Kirsten O. , Hegedüs Laszlo
Published: August 2010

Objective  The pituitary‐thyroid axis (PTA) set point is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. However, despite considerable efforts to characterize the background, the causative genes as well as environmental factors are not well established. Theoretically, as shown for autoimmune thyroid disease, the pattern of X chromosome inactivation (XCI) could offer a novel explanation for the observed variability of the PTA set point in women.

Design and Patients  To examine the impact of XCI pattern on the PTA set point, we studied whether within‐cohort (n = 318 subjects) and within–twin pair (n = 159 pairs) differences in XCI are correlated with serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4).

Methods  X chromosome inactivation was determined by PCR analysis of a polymorphic CAG repeat in the first exon of the androgen receptor gene. Thyroid variables were measured using a solid‐phase time‐resolved fluoroimmunometric assay. Zygosity was established by DNA fingerprinting.

Results  In the overall study population (within cohort), no significant correlations were found between TSH [regression coefficient (β) = −0·28 (95% confidence intervals, −0·66 to 0·11), P = 0·158], FT3 [β = −0·25 (−0·85 to 0·34), P = 0·403], FT4 [β = 0·08 (−0·91 to 1·07), P = 0·876] and XCI pattern. Essentially similar results were found in the within‐pair analysis. Controlling for confounders such as age, body mass index, smoking and zygosity did not change the findings.

Conclusions  In a sample of female twins, we found no evidence of a relationship between XCI pattern and PTA set point.
Novel TSHR mutations in consanguineous families with congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism
Authors: Cangul Hakan , Morgan Neil V. , Forman Julia R. , Saglam Halil , Aycan Zehra , Yakut Tahsin , Gulten Tuna , Tarim Omer , Bober Ece , Cesur Yasar , Kirby Gail A. , Pasha Shanaz , Karkucak Mutlu , Eren Erdal , Cetinkaya Semra , Bas Veysel , Demir Korcan , Yuca Sevil A. , Meyer Esther , Kendall Michaela , Hogler Wolfgang , Barrett Timothy G. , Maher Eamonn R.
Published: August 2010

Objective  Nonsyndromic autosomal recessively inherited nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism (CHNG) can be caused by mutations in TSHR, PAX8, TSHB and NKX2‐5. We aimed to investigate mutational frequencies of these genes and genotype/phenotype correlations in consanguineous families with CHNG.

Design  Because consanguinity in individuals with a presumptive genetic condition is often an indicator of an autosomal recessive inheritance and allows firmer correlations to be established between genotype and phenotype, we planned to execute our study in consanguineous families.

Patients  Hundred and thirty‐nine children with CHNG phenotype born to consanguineous families.

Measurements  First, we investigated cases for evidence of linkage to the four known CHNG genes by microsatellite marker analysis. Mutation analysis by direct sequencing was then performed in those cases in whom linkage to the relevant candidate gene could not be excluded. In addition, in silico analysis of the predicted structural effects of TSHR mutations was performed and related to the mutation‐specific disease phenotype.

Results  Homozygous germline TSHR mutations were detected in six families (5%), but no mutations were detected in PAX8, TSHB and NKX2‐5. Four of TSHR mutations had not previously been described. Genotype–phenotype correlations were established and found to be related to the predicted structural effects of the mutations.

Conclusions  Known causative genes account for the development of CHNG only in a minority of cases, and our cohort should provide a powerful resource to identify novel causative genes and to delineate the extent of locus heterogeneity in autosomal recessively inherited CHNG.
Five‐year longitudinal study of adolescents with intact and restored dentitions: signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and functional recordings
Authors: KAMPE T. , HANNERZ H.
Published: August 2010

Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and functional recordings were re‐examined in subjects, 19–21 years of age, 5 years after the first examination. Thirty‐seven subjects had restored dentitions at both examinations (group F), 13 subjects with previously intact dentitions had had fillings in their teeth during the follow‐up period (group FI), and 14 subjects had intact dentitions at both examinations (group I).

In agreement with the first examination, the subjects with restored dentitions had a higher degree and frequency of TMD than the subjects with intact teeth. Most of the symptoms were mild, but more severe symptoms were reported by the subjects in group F, and female subjects in group F had more signs than male subjects. The subjects who had received fillings during the follow‐up period (group FI) constituted a group intermediate between group F and group I with regard to signs and symptoms of TMD. Frequent parafunction and more attrition were more common in group F. Together with the finding of increased muscle tenderness, this indicates more functional activity in restored dentitions. Correlation analysis did not reveal any relationship between occlusal factors and TMD.

The findings of this study are consistent with those of the earlier investigation. Dental filling therapy appears to be an aetiological factor in TMD worthy of more consideration and more extensive research.
Evaluation of the level of residual monomer in acrylic denture base materials having different polymerization properties
Authors: KALIPÇILAR B. , KARAAGAÇLIOGLU L. , HASANREISOGLU U.
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of residual monomer in acrylic denture base materials having different polymerization properties. The investigation included a conventional‐type acrylic cured under heat and pressure, as well as a pour‐type resin polymerized by an injection‐moulding technique at room temperature and under pressure. It was found that the residual monomer content ranged from 0·22–0·54% in pour‐type resin, and from 0·23–0·52% in routinely used resins when the specimens were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography. These findings revealed that there were no significant differences between the two types of acrylic in terms of their residual monomer content.
Tooth contact patterns in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction
Authors: YAMASHITA S. , AI M. , MIZUTANI H.
Published: August 2010

The occlusal tooth contact patterns in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction and normal subjects were studied under a range of conditions using a newly devised radiotelemetry system. The patterns in the patient group were completely different from those in the control group. During rest or work, the patients showed higher values for total number and time of tooth contacts, as well as several contacts of extended duration. Moreover, many of the tooth contacts during swallowing were plural contacts in the patient group. These results suggest that patients with temporomandibular dysfunction exhibit increased tonus of jaw‐closing muscles, which is probably due to occlusal disharmonies and psychological stress.
Bioactive glass particulate material as a filler for bone lesions
Authors: SCHEPERS E. , CLERCQ M. DE , DUCHEYNE P. , KEMPENEERS R.
Published: August 2010

Calcium‐phosphate ceramic particulates are often used as filler material for enhanced repair of dental bone defects. Although evidence of bone ingrowth in the scaffold of these particles has been described, it is not observed consistently. Fibrous tissue often encapsulates these particles, which can subsequently become dispersed into the surrounding tissues or even exfoliated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bioactive glass granules (Biogran ™)* as a filler for osseous lesions, and to compare them with two commercially available Hydroxylapatite (HA) granules. The particulates were implanted in the jaws of five beagle dogs, resected and evaluated after 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months of implantation. Histological analysis revealed an improvement in repair of all the lesions. A massive osteoconductive bone growth was seen near the walls of the bony cavities, but in greater amounts around the bioactive glass granules than around the HA materials. On top of this massive growth a trabecular bone growth was observed in the centre of the bony cavities. These trabeculae were associated with the glass particles, which exhibited osteophilic properties, while fibrous tissue separated the bone tissue from the HA particles. The centres of many of the particles are excavated, and are subsequently filled by newly formed bone tissue. This internally formed bone tissue is not necessarily connected to the surrounding bone tissue, and functions as a nucleation site for further bone repair. For the mesenchymal cells within the eroded glass particles this inner environment acts as a stimulus to differentiate into osteoblasts and to start their osteogenetic potential. This phenomenon was not observed around the HA materials. If the latter were surrounded by fibrous tissue, disintegration of the surface by giant cells was observed.
Occlusal abnormalities, pericranial muscle and joint tenderness and tooth wear in a group of migraine patients
Authors: STEELE J.G. , LAMEY P.J. , SHARKEY S.W. , SMITH G. McR.
Published: August 2010

Seventy‐two migraine sufferers, whose attacks normally begin during or soon after waking from sleep, were compared with 37 age‐ and sex‐matched controls to establish whether signs of mandibular dysfunction, occlusal discrepancies and known clenching or grinding habits were any more frequent among the former group. Temporomandibular joint tenderness or pain history, masticatory muscle tenderness and known clenching or grinding habits were found to occur at significantly increased levels in the migraine sufferers, with two‐thirds of these patients reporting a parafunctional habit. Occlusal abnormalities, including non‐working side or protrusive interferences and slides of > 1 mm to the intercuspal position, were found to occur at similar frequencies in the two groups. Assessment of wear of the occlusal surfaces also showed no difference, suggesting that any nocturnal habit with a role in migraine is more likely to be clenching in nature. In conclusion, evidence was found to support an aetiological role for nocturnal tooth clenching or grinding in migraine characterized by attacks that start predominantly during sleep or soon after waking, but no evidence of a link with occlusal factors was found in these oatients.
Longitudinal study on forces transmitted from denture base to retainers of lower free‐end saddle dentures with Aker's clasps
Authors: OGATA K. , SHIMIZU K.
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study was to make a longitudinal analysis of the forces transmitted from denture base to retainers of lower free‐end saddle dentures with Aker's clasps using a newly developed transducer. The experimental apparatus consisted of two components, a metal framework and a denture base embedded with a force‐detecting unit. This device was the transducer, which could detect changes in lateral and vertical forces transmitted from denture base to retainers at the same time. Forces were measured on several separate occasions from the insertion of new dentures to about 4 months afterwards. The result are summarized as follows: (i) the maximal mean value of vertical forces transmitted from denture base to retainers was decreased after 1 week of insertion of new dentures, then increased and reached a constant level (about ION) 4–6 weeks after the insertion of new dentures; (ii) there were large differences in the maximal mean value of lateral forces between subjects.
Heats of reactions between dentine bonding agents and tooth components
Authors: MUELLER H.J. , BAPNA M.S. , FAN P.L.
Published: August 2010

The heat of reaction of dentine bonding agents alone and dentine bonding agents with dentine, hydroxyapatite and collagen were measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in the isothermal mode. The bonding agents were Scotchbond® and Panavia Ex® adhesives, and GC Fuji‐II glass ionomer cement. The heat of reaction for Scotchbond® and Panavin Ex® bonding adhesives were 44.3 and 6.9 mcal/mg, respectively. Furthermore, results support the view that the glass ionomer cements adhere to tooth structure by chemical bonding.
The effect of fissure morphology and pretreatment of the enamel surface on penetration and adhesion of fissure sealants
Authors: SYMONS A.L. , CHU C.‐Y. , MEYERS I.A.
Published: August 2010

summary
Fissure sealants have been used successfully as a means of preventing fissure caries. This effectiveness is directly related to sealant retention and retention is dependent upon a meticulous method of application. The aims of this study were to determine if sealant adhesion and penetration were affected by the variation in preparation of the enamel surface, or by pretreatment of the enamel surface with dentine adhesive systems, in fissures of varying morphology. Non‐carious posterior teeth were visually examined and sorted according to fissure type, classified as shallow, deep or intermediate. Occlusal fissures were sealed using one of six methods, thermocycled for 200 cycles between 5 and 55°C, in artificial saliva, then placed in a 1.5% procion orange dye for 3 min. Teeth were sectioned bucco‐lingually and examined with a light microscope for (i) penetration of the sealant into the fissure pattern and (ii) adhesion of the sealant. All sealant techniques employed in this study adapted well to the enamel surface as the 1.5% procion Reactive orange dye failed to penetrate any of the sealed tooth sections. Shallow fissures were well obturated in both lateral and vertical dimensions. Sealants adapted well to the vertical walls at the orifice of deep fissures but generally failed to penetrate into the deeper aspects. Reducing the etching period with 37% phosphoric acid resulted in increased voids between the sealant and enamel surface and poorer adaptation to the vertical walls. The addition of dentine adhesive systems, Scotchbond Multi‐Purpose and All‐Bond 2, enhanced the vertical penetration of the sealant, particularly in deep fissures. It is proposed that the dentine adhesive systems may improve the retention rate of sealants in deep fissures particularly if the fissure is not completely dry prior to resin placement.
Influence of choice of reference point on the condylar movement paths during mandibular movements
Authors: ZWIJNENBURG A. , MEGENS C.C.E.J. , NAEIJE M.
Published: August 2010

summary
Series of four open‐close, protrusive and lateral movements were recorded by the six degrees of freedom jaw movement recording system OKAS‐ 3D in 20 healthy subjects. Consequently the movement paths of nine condylar points, the palpated lateral pole and eight points located on a square parallel to the sagittal plane with an edge of 10 mm and centred around the lateral pole were calculated. For all movements except the protrusive movements, the 3‐D excursions of the condylar points strongly depended upon the choice condylar reference point (ANOVA, P < 0 001). During laterotrusive movements the Bennett angle and the Bennett shift also varied significantly according the position of the reference point (ANOVA, P < 0 001). The results of this study underline that comparison of condylar movements between different studies only possible when the same condylar reference point is used. General consensus on the choice condylar reference point is thus needed.
Radiographic condylar findings and occlusal imbalance in old people
Authors: SOIKKONEN K. , HILTUNEN K. , AINAMO A.
Published: August 2010

summary
The radiographic condylar findings of 293 old people (76,81 and 86 years old) were investigated using panoramic radiography. One hundred and twenty four subjects were clinically edentulous, and 169 had at least one natural tooth left. Condylar findings were observed in 16% of the edentulous subjects, and in 25% of the dentate subjects. Over 95% of the findings were radiographic signs often associated with osteoarthrosis. Condylar findings were more common in edentulous women (18%) than in edentulous men (9%) (P < 005). Imbalanced occlusion was assessed using the Eichner index. This index describes the existing occiusal support zones. dividing the dentition into three main classes. When natural dentition and fixed constructions were included 70% of the population had no occiusal contacts. With removable dentures included, class A (contacts in four support zones) represented 74% and class C (no occiusal contacts) 4% of the subjects. Three per cent of the men and 0.5% of the women had no occiusal contacts even then. Imbalanced occlusion showed no association with condylar findings; neither were there any significant differences in the condylar findings between the sexes in the dentate subjects, between the age groups, or between the dentate and edentulous groups.
A new method for recording mandibular position during nocturnal bruxism
Authors: AKAMATSU Y. , MINAGI S. , SATO T.
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY
Experimental equipment for recording mandibular excursive position during nocturnal bruxism has been devised. The equipment consists of chromium‐cobalt alloy cast frameworks for each upper and lower dental arch and two pairs of tiny magnetic sensors and magnets, capable of electromyographic (EMG) recordings of the bilateral masseter muscles and simultaneously recording mandibular position. The two subjects tested were confirmed to be bruxing during sleeping. Although EMG records for the two subjects showed a common EMG pattern as a bruxer, the sensor records revealed that one subject was a bilateral bruxer and the other bruxed almost unilaterally. The present study demonstrated that this newly devised equipment is practical for studying mandibular position during nocturnal bruxism.
FTIR monomer conversion analysis of UDMA‐based dental resins
Authors: GUERRA R. M. , DURÁN I. , ORTIZ P.
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY
The utility of the amide II absorption band at 1537 cm−1 as internal reference for calculation of monomer conversion in urethane dimethacrylates (UDMA)‐based dental restorative materials and sealants by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is demonstrated in this paper.
Influence of complete denture renewal on craniomandibular disorders: a 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: RAUSTIA A. M. , PELTOLA M. , SALONEN M. A. M.
Published: August 2010

summary
Great individual variation in the signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders (CMD) and in the adaptability of the masticatory system is evident among complete denture wearers. The masticatory system of 64 edentulous patients (41 women, 23 men; mean age 59 years, range 41‐80 years), who came to the Institute of Dentistry for renewal of their complete dentures, was examined before prosthetic treatment and after a 1‐year follow‐up period. The degree of CMD was assessed using the anamnestic and clinical dysfunction indices of Helkimo. The results show that few complete denture wearers had severe signs and symptoms of CMD. No statistically significant correlation was noted between CMD and either the duration of edentulousness or the number of sets of dentures.
Fluoridated drinking water, oestrogen therapy and residual ridge resorption
Authors: KLEMETTI E. , KRÖGER H. , LASSILA L.
Published: August 2010

summary
Anamnestic and clinical investigations were made for 230 postmenopausal women to determine whether the alveolar height in edentulous jaws is associated with the time that the subjects have consumed artificially fluoridated drinking water. The duration of possible hormone replacement therapy was also considered. The results of the present study support those of previous studies which have shown that the effect of systemic factors dominates the final stage of residual ridge resorption. According to this study, artificially fluoridated water may also reduce the degree of residual ridge resorption, the impact of which first becomes manifest when most of the ridge has disappeared.
Effect of balancing‐side occlusion on the ipsilateral TMJ dynamics under clenching
Authors: MINAGI S. , OHTSUKI H. , SATO T. , ISHII A.
Published: August 2010

summary
The effect of balancing‐side occlusal contact patterns on ipsilateral TMJ dynamics was evaluated in this study. Vertical displacement of the balancing‐side lower second molar during clenching at canine edge‐to‐edge position, with 0 and 1 mm of inter‐canine distance, was measured for 42 normal subjects in relation to their balancing‐side occlusal contact. Balancing‐side occlusal contact was classified into four following patterns; (1) simultaneous balancing‐side and working‐side contact (without clenching); (2) balancing‐side contact (with clenching only); (3) no balancing‐side contact (with or without clenching); and (4) exclusive balancing‐side contact (no working‐side contact). The vertical displacement of the balancing‐side condyle, calculated from the displacement of the balancing‐side second molar, showed three different types of displacement pattern. These three types showed distinctive incidence in relation to the pattern of balancing‐side occlusal contact. It was revealed that balancing‐side occlusal contact can affect the ipsilateral TMJ dynamics.
A 10‐year follow‐up study of fixed metal ceramic prosthodontics
Authors: NÄPÄNKANGAS R. , SALONEN M.A.M. , RAUSTIA A.M.
Published: August 2010

summary
The aim of this retrospective study was to record patients' satisfaction with fixed metal ceramic bridges and crowns made by dental students and to evaluate the functioning and condition of the bridges and crowns clinically and radiologically. Out of the 60 patients treated at the Institute of Dentistry during 1984‐85, 30 patients attended the follow‐up examination (16 women, mean age 39, range 23‐62 years and 14 men, mean age 44, range 26‐65 years). The anamnestic data and data regarding treatment procedures were collected from the patient files. The patients had been supplied with 41 crowns and 24 bridges (mean 3.9 units, range 3‐6 units), which included 61 abutments and 33 pontics or cantilever extensions (abutment/pontic ratio 1.85:1). Marginal fidelity was unsatisfactory in 13% of the crowns and bridges and gingival bleeding and pockets of 4–6 mm were noted in 27% and 12% of cases, respectively. None of the subjects had caries in the abutments.
An evaluation of self‐cured and visible light‐cured denture base materials when used as a denture base repair material
Authors: DAR‐ODEH N. S. , HARRISON A. , ABU‐HAMMAD O.
Published: August 2010

summary
The aim of this study was to compare some of the physical properties of a heat‐cured, a self‐cured and a visible light‐cured acrylic resin, and to evaluate the suitability of visible light‐cured resin as a repair material for dentures made of heat‐cured acrylic resin. Transverse strength, surface hardness and impact strength were determined for the three materials and the efficiencies of light‐cured and self‐cured resins, when used as a repair material, were evaluated by testing the transverse strength of repaired heat‐cured specimens 1 hour, 1 week and 1 month after repair. The results showed that the rigidity of specimens repaired with light‐cured resin improved with longer water storage. However, their transverse strength reached a maximum after one day and was reduced after 1 month. The rigidity and transverse strength of specimens repaired with self‐cured resin were not influenced significantly by water storage and the transverse strength was significantly higher than the light‐cured repaired specimens.
Human jaw–tongue reflex as revealed by intraoral surface recording
Authors: ISHIWATA Y. , HIYAMA S. , IGARASHI K. , ONO T. , KURODA T.
Published: August 2010

summary
The purpose of this study was to examine if there is a human jaw–tongue reflex. This study was carried out in seven healthy adult males and recorded the genioglossus muscle activity during various functions by using a miniature intraoral surface electrode, which is comparable with intramuscular fine‐wire electrodes, but without pain or disturbance of the tongue movement. The ipsilateral masseteric and digastric muscle activities were simultaneously recorded with the surface electrodes. Tonic genioglossus muscle activity was recorded during clenching. A passive jaw opening elicited the stretch reflex in the masseteric muscle and increased genioglossus muscle activity. Electrical stimulation of the lower lip inhibited the tonic activity in the masseteric and genioglossus muscles during both clenching and tongue protrusion. Moreover, the latency of the inhibition in the genioglossus muscle activity was shorter during clenching than during tongue protrusion. Based on these findings, the authors conclude that the human jaw‐tongue reflex exists and that the jaw‐closing muscle is involved in evoking the reflex.
Evaluation of occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation using the T‐Scan system
Authors: GARCÍA V. C. GARRIDO , CARTAGENA A. GARCÍA , SEQUEROS O. GONZÁLEZ
Published: August 2010

summary
Different authors have questioned the reliability of the T‐Scan system as a method for registering occlusal contacts. The number of tooth contacts resulting from four bites made in maximum intercuspation was analysed with T‐Scan using time moment statistics. The results indicate that (1) the largest number of contacts occur in the molar region (2) variability between subjects is greater than variability within subjects, and (3) it is possible to identify the subject being tested in 90.3% of cases. The T‐Scan system has proved to be a reliable method for the analysis and evaluation of occlusal contact distribution in maximum intercuspation.
Recording sagittal condylar angles using a mandibular facebow
Authors: JOHNSON A. , WINSTANLEY R.B.
Published: August 2010

summary
The aim of this study was to determine the average sagittal condylar inclination angles of dentate subjects using a mandibular facebow with pencil tracing styli, to relate these angles to values assigned to articulators, and to assess the repeatability accuracy of drawing a tangent to a traced curve. The right and left sagittal condylar inclination angles of 103 subjects were recorded using a mandibular facebow with pencil tracing styli which marked a graph card during protrusive excursions. Tangents to the tracings were measured with a protractor allowing assessment of reproducibility. The mean left and right sagittal condylar inclination angles were 32° and 31.5°, respectively, with no significant differences (P=0.609). Individual right and left measurements within each group showed significant differences (P= 0.0000). The mean of the tangents drawn through three sagittal condylar angle tracings by 10 operators was 33.3°, and the mean of 10 tangents drawn through the same three tracings by one of the authors was 32.9°, with no significant difference (P= 0.634). The average sagittal condylar inclination angles found in this study are in agreement with those reported in the literature. In fixed sagittal condylar angle articulators 30° appear to be an appropriate setting. The reproducibility of this method of recording sagittal condylar inclination angles was found to be accurate for the individual operator and between operators.
Methods of clinical evaluation of dental restorative materials
Authors: KNIBBS P.J.
Published: August 2010

summary
The following review of the literature considers various clinical methods for evaluating dental materials. The first section looks at studies that have considered the general handling properties of dental materials in clinical practice (the pragmatic trial). The second section considers studies that have used retrospective evaluation to arrive at conclusions about the longevity of various dental materials (the observational trial). The third section considers the various methods of assessing the quality of restorations in clinical trials (the explanatory trial).
The dentine disc. A review of its applicability as a model for the in vitro testing of dentine hypersensitivity
Authors: MORDAN N. J. , BARBER P. M. , GILLAM D. G.
Published: August 2010

summary
The dentine disc has been extensively used as a model for assessing potential desensitizing agents in vitro by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Although the disc provides a readily available and reproducible test substrate, this paper addresses the problems associated with this model such as the natural variation in the dentine tubules and the resulting differences in surface morphology. At the ultrastructural level the surface of a single etched disc exhibits variations in the size, density, orientation and extent of etching of the cut dentine tubules. In the present study a precise control procedure was designed which allowed greater correlation between test and control surfaces. Two adjacent areas of the same disc were used, one as the test surface, the other the control. Two proprietary desensitizers were examined using this methodology. This study has shown that the dentine disc is a good, reliable model for in vitro screening and testing of potential desensitizing agents, providing such controls are applied.
Condylar determinants in a patient population:electronic pantograph assessment
Authors: PAYNE J.A.
Published: August 2010

summary
Posterior condylar determinants play a key role in the establishment of a stable and harmonious occlusal scheme. Various methods exist to record the posterior condylar factors. The Denar electronic pantograph® computes these condylar determinants automatically after the execution of a pantographic tracing. Research has validated the accuracy and reliability of this electronic pantograph. Electronic pantographic analysis was carried out on 55 patients referred for various prosthodontic consultations. Values for condylar determinants were recorded and statistically appraised. Values for these condylar determinants were variable with a large range. The variability in condylar values suggests the importance of determining an individual's condylar determinants rather than relying on average values.
The effect of chronic periodontal disease on human jaw muscles: a pilot study using computed tomography
Authors: GILBERT A.D. , NEWTON J.P.
Published: August 2010

summary
Patients with chronic periodontal disease sometimes complain of difficulty in masticating hard foods. Computed tomography (CT) was used to investigate the cross‐sectional area (CSA) and density of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles in a pilot study of 12 healthy female subjects aged 30–39 years. Six subjects (the ‘diseased’ group) had suffered from chronic periodontal disease and had, on average, 40% bone loss. Their disease had been treated by scaling and root planing and had remained clinically stable for at least 6 months before their inclusion in the study. The six age‐matched ‘control’ subjects had no history of periodontal disease. All bone‐loss measurements were evaluated as a percentage of root length. At defined scan planes, sections of both muscles were readily identified. Results from the ‘diseased’ group as compared with the ‘control’ group revealed that in the former the CSA of masseter and medial pterygoid was reduced significantly by 25% and 10%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the X‐ray density of both muscles between the two groups, which indicated a similar fibro‐fatty content. These findings indicate a reduction in the masticatory force that may be utilized by patients with reduced periodontal support and may help explain their masticatory difficulties.