bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A methodological approach to the evaluation of the effectiveness of innovative projects
Authors: Petryna Mariya , Stavnycha Nataliia , Tarayevska Lesya , Rishchuk Liliia , Kushlyk Oksana
Published: April 2020

Ensuring the sustainable development of the economy depends to a large extent on the implementation of the innovative model, in which the innovation infrastructure plays a key role. The growing number of technoparks in Ukraine has increased the requirements for economic substantiations for decision-making regarding the expediency of implementing their innovative projects. The search for appropriate methods and approaches to project evaluation has determined the actuality of the research topic. The article summarizes the methods of evaluating innovative projects, identifies their advantages and disadvantages. Besides, it reveals the features of the evaluation of innovative projects of technoparks. The novelty of the work is the proposed methodological approach to the evaluation of the efficiency of innovative technopark projects, which takes into account the specifics of the Ukrainian legislation. The methodological approach is based on the generally accepted performance indicators in the world: Net Present Value, Profitability Index, Internal Rate of Return, and Payback Period. Special accounts of technology parks, their participants, and joint ventures are a separate element in the calculation formulas. The application of the proposed methodological approach will accelerate the process of selection of innovative projects and their implementation, activation of innovative activities, and the sustainable development of the state. The proposed methodological approach is tested in the evaluation of the innovative project of the technopark of the E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute and confirmed the effectiveness of its implementation.
Assessment model of regions’ economy in the context of their sustainable development
Authors: Hryhoruk Pavlo , Khrushch Nila , Grygoruk Svitlana
Published: April 2020

Currently realizing the new active role of the region as a sustainable development entity is a strategic direction for regional policy’s development. Assessing the sustainable development of regions is an important part of such a policy and facilitates the timely identification of internal and external threats, the development of the necessary stabilization measures to prevent their negative impact, and the formation of strategies aimed at the sustainable functioning of regional systems. The economic system is an important subsystem of the region. The article proposes an approach to assess the level of regions economic development in the context of ensuring its sustainable development. It is based on comprehensive assessment technology. The sustainable economic development composite index is calculated by a weighted additive convolution of partial indicators. A feature of the proposed approach is the simultaneous use of both metric and nonmetric indicators. The metric component is used to calculate the composite index values. Weight coefficients are calculated by the principal component method using the factor loadings of the first principal component. The non-metric part of the initial data is used to refine these weights. The article describes the algorithm for calculating a composite index. The practical testing of the proposed approach is presented for the case Ukraine’s regions. The results lead to the conclusion about significant problems in ensuring sustainable development of the regional economy. Outcomes obtained are very helpful for the public administration bodies to develop and revise the appropriate policy for solving the sustainable development problems in each region.
Securitization as an innovative refinancing mechanism and an effective asset management tool in a sustainable development environment
Authors: Legenchuk Sergiy , Pashkevych Maryna , Usatenko Olga , Driha Olha , Ivanenko Valentyna
Published: April 2020

Today’s realities dictate to Ukrainian companies a management philosophy that requires them not only to maintain their position in the market, but also to increase the efficiency of their operations and development in the context of favorable and unfavorable changes in the market environment, which necessitates significant amounts of financial resources. In the face of global competition and the increased turbulence of the external environment, securitization is one of the alternative tools to attract additional financing as well as to minimize risks by which financial markets can support sustainable finance in the transition to a green economy. The article deals with the essence of securitization as one of the major financial innovations of our time. It is established that this financial mechanism allows to diversify sources of financing, to effectively manage the structure of the balance sheet of the enterprise, as well as to significantly increase the level of liquidity of its assets. It also describes the main types of securitization and their impact on the structure of balance sheet indicators. The practical relevance of the study is that the authors’ highlighted areas of change in financial performance make it possible to make an smart decision on the use of a particular securitization mechanism, considering the purpose of its implementation and the capabilities of its initiators, including in the transition to a green economy. It is suggested for the successful implementation of the concept of a “green” economy aimed at achieving sustainable development goals in Ukraine, using such financial instrument as sustainable securitization through the use of the collateralized loan obligation mechanism.
A CASE REPORT: ECTOPIC PREGNANCY DUE TO FAILURE OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE
Authors: Shadap Arkierupaia
Published: April 2020

An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that develops outside the mother's womb when the fertilized egg from the ovary does not implant itself normally in the uterus. It is usually found in the first 5-10 weeks of pregnancy. To prevent unwanted pregnancy, emergency contraceptive used has been popular since the last two decades. It is seen to have 99% successful rate if taken within 72 hours after unprotected coitus and of which 1% is seen to have normal pregnancy or ectopic pregnancy. Early diagnosis through thorough and detail history collection/physical examination with early management has saved many maternal lives from unwanted risks, shocks, death etc.
COMPARISON OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS BETWEEN UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT PRIOR TRAINING IN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Authors: Mathew Tony , Shetty Aditya , Shetty Chitharanjan , Narasimhan Dhanya , Shetty Shishir , Hegde Mithra N
Published: April 2020

Aim: In the present era of relationship-based care, effective communication between practitioners and patients vastly affects treatment planning and ultimately patient satisfaction.This study compared the communication skills of two groups of final year's undergraduate dental students with and without prior training in effective communication.

Methodology: Eighty final year student were asked to participate in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of forty each. One group received training in history taking and effective communication with patients, through a course that spanned across three hours. The remaining forty were not put through the course. Subsequently all the eighty students were asked to examine one patient each and record patient case history. The communication skills of the students were evaluated by the patients in the form of a feedback questionnaire provided to them after the dental examination.

Results: The results indicated that students who had received training in communication skills were rated significantly higher than the untrained student in all aspects of communication

Conclusion: Proper training improved communication skills significantly among dental students
AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION PROGRAMME ON HAZARDS OF PLASTIC WASTE AND ITS DISPOSAL AMONG ADULTS: A RURAL COMMUNITY BASED STUDY
Authors: Manuel Jincy , Varghese Jincy , Jose Jini , Thomas Jintu K , Joseph Jinu , Shettigar Divya
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Plastic is everywhere in today's lifestyle. It is used for packaging, protecting, serving, and even disposing of all kinds of consumer goods. Improper plastic disposal has become a leading problem in both developed and developing countries. As plastic is non-biodegradable in nature, it remains in environment for several years and disposing plastic wastes at landfill are unsafe and has led to various health problems. So researcher felt it is vital that adults should possess knowledge on hazards of plastic wastes and its disposal.

Method: In this study cross sectional descriptive survey was used. Adults were selected through probability simple random sampling. The data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. The structured-teaching programme was administered at the end of the pre-test. The post-test was carried out after 7 days, using the same tool as the pre-test. The data was analysed using SPSS version 16 and the results expressed as proportions.

Results: A total of 100 adults were included in the study. Analysis of data revealed pre-test knowledge score was 42.52%.Considering the level of knowledge of adults, a structured teaching programme was administered. The post-test knowledge score was 80.48%. Hence comparison in pre-test knowledge score and post-test percentage of hazards of plastic waste and its disposal was approximately 37.96%. A significant association between source of information and post-test knowledge was found.

Conclusion: A significant number of adults had inadequate knowledge. So researcher felt that awareness programmes regarding hazards of plastic waste and its disposal should be emphasized.
RANDOMISED CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF ORAL HEALTH RELATED KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOUR AMONG PARAMEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Permi Shwethashri R , Bhandary Rahul , Thomas Biju
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study is to estimate the knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding oral health among para medical students

Materials and method: A cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 150 para medical professionals in Mangalore. The health care professionals include from physiotherapy, nursing and medical lab technicians. They were asked to answer a questionnaire that contained 15 questions regarding knowledge and behaviour towards oral health.

Results and conclusion: Majority of para medical students were practising a convincing oral hygiene methods they believed oral health play a role in general health had a positive attitude in educating their patients when required.
PROSTHODONTIC MANAGEMENT OF RESORBED MANDIBULAR RIDGE USING NEUTRAL ZONE IMPRESSION TECHNIQUE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Bhat Vinaya , Krishna D Prasad , Kant Shipra
Published: April 2020

One of the most commonly faced problems among long term denture wearers is the reduction in the denture foundation. Prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with severely resorbed ridge is the most challenging therapy a prosthodontist can undertake. In order to have a favourable prognosis for the denture therapy, impression technique selected should be based on the present state of the basal tissue support. This article presents the application of neutral zone concept being incorporated in impression making to achieve successful complete denture therapy.
GUIDELINES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: A DICTUM OR A DAMN..?!
Authors: TP Rajeev , Krishnan Shalini
Published: April 2020

Clinical practice guidelines are systematically developed statements that assist practitioners to provide appropriate evidence-based care. They are often created by statutory bodies, expert associational advisory committees, government and regional offices and even individual hospital policy groups. The objectives of clinical guidelines are to standardize medical care, to raise the quality of care and to reduce several kinds of risks to the patient and health care provider. Implementation of clinical practice guidelines is a complex process and protocols with good quality, with clinical importance and prioritization of topics, and a user-friendly format are usually successful. In day to day clinical practice guidelines are not strictly followed. The merits and demerits of guideline based practice patterns have been analyzed here. There could be many reasons for the non adherence to protocol based medical practice which has to be addressed. A historical perspective of guidelines and a breach in standardized practice is also mentioned. As there can be fallacies in protocols; a clinical practice that is not strictly adhering with guidelines, should not be considered as a wrongful treatment strategy.
NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: THE PREVAILING CHALLENGES
Authors: Pai Nagesh , Vella Shae-Leigh C
Published: April 2020

Although many advances in the understanding and treatment of schizophrenia have been made many challenges still remain. Most notably is the lack of understanding pertaining to the negative symptoms dimension of schizophrenia and the treatment of such symptomology? Primary negative symptoms affect 20-40% of individuals with schizophrenia and are associated with the greatest impacts upon functional impairment and quality of life. A qualitative review of the prevailing challenges related to the nature, assessment and treatment of negative symptoms was conducted. The current literature in each of the aforementioned areas pertaining to primary negative symptoms was reviewed with a focus upon the key challenges and directions for future research. The results of the qualitative review indicate that the construct of negative symptoms requires further delineation and recent work in the area of the assessment of negative symptoms necessitates further development. In regards to the treatment of negative symptoms no definitive directions are espoused due to the extent of the dearth of knowledge in the area as highlighted in the discussion. The area of negative symptoms research requires multi-disciplinary collaborative research to address the major challenges to the understanding, assessment and treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia to improve the quality of life and functional outcomes of those with primary negative symptoms.
Rhomboid fossa and mid shaft circumference of the clavicle - anthropological study in North Karnataka population
Authors: Bhat Shivarama , Asif Muhammad , Manjegowda Dinesh Sosalagere , Radhakrishna Shetty , H. Shivarama C.
Published: April 2020

The rhomboid fossa of clavicle was studied globally by forensic experts and anthropologists to determine the age and sex. This study was done on samples of human clavicles from North Karnataka of South India to determine the sexual dimorphism which is of anthropological, forensic and clinical importance. In this study mid shaft circumference, morphology of rhomboid fossa of clavicle was analysed. The incidences of rhomboid fossa of depressed and elevated types are seen more in males and smooth and flat types are seen mainly in female clavicles. This study also showed relative degree of sexual dimorphism in the mid shaft circumference of male and female clavicles. Since morphology of rhomboid fossa and mid shaft circumference of clavicles are significantly associated with sex, these results can be correlated with further molecular studies. These results may be used as indicators to determine sex in anthropology and forensic science to aid identification of isolated bone specimens.
Determination of efficacy of pre-procedural mouth rinsing in reducing aerosol contamination produced by ultrasonic scalers
Authors: Rao Reema M. , Shenoy Nina , Shetty Veena
Published: April 2020

The oral cavity is a unique environment which can provide an ideal medium for bacterial growth. Most of the procedures performed by dentist have the potential for creating contaminated aerosols and splatter which contains bacteria, fungi, protozoa and even blood borne viruses produced during dental operative procedures and thus promoting an increased risk of cross infection. In dentistry, the ultrasonic scaler and the air polisher are considered to be the greatest producers of small particle aerosol contamination. Aerosols can remain airborne for extended periods of time and may be inhaled and was also found that the microorganisms could survive in the aerosol produced for as long as 6 days. The association of these aerosols with the respiratory infections, opthalamic and skin infections, tuberculosis and hepatitis B have been reported.

Chlorhexidine is considered as the “Gold standard” of antimicrobial rinse because of broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and substantivity of 8-12 hrs. This study determined the efficacy of preprocedural rinsing with an antimicrobial mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine in reducing the level of viable bacteria contained in aerosols generated by ultrasonic scaling.

The results of the present study clearly indicate that pre-procedural mouth rinse with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate was significantly effective in reducing the aerosol contamination during use of ultrasonic scaling in dental practice Using a pre-procedural rinse can significantly reduce the viable microbial content of dental aerosols.
Bacterial Contamination Associated with Retail Chicken Carcasses in Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Olukemi Adesiji Yemisi , Osas Igbinigie Mavis , Olubukola Olaitan Janet , Jeremiah Ogah Ikhevha
Published: April 2020

Background: Worldwide, food borne illness is often associated with consumption of meat and poultry products sold at retail markets. A study on the bacteriological status of chicken carcass in Osogbo, Nigeria, was carried out to determine the prevalence of Arcobacter species, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in chicken carcasses.

Methodology: A total of 100 samples of chicken carcasses were collected from two major processing points in Osogbo, Nigeria. The samples were analysed for the presence of bacterial contaminants using standard microbiological isolation and identification procedures, with antimicrobial susceptibility test performed using the disk diffusion method.

Result: Of hundred chicken carcasses sampled, 38% were positive for Arcobacter species and E. coli while 60% accounted for S. aureus isolates. Ninety percent of Arcobacter spp isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, 85% to gentamicin, and pefloxacin, 70% to chloramphenicol and 90% were resistant to amoxicillin, 85% to augumentin and 80% to streptomycin. Hundred percent of E. coli isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, 95% to gentamicin and 100% were resistant to streptomycin, 85 % resistant to amoxicillin, augumentin, while 100% of S. aureus isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole, 90% susceptible to gentamicin, 80% to streptomycin and 100% of the S.aureus isolates were resistant to ampliclox.

Conclusion: The bacteriological status of chicken carcass revealed high contamination with Arcobacter, E coli and S. aureus with varying degree of antibiotic resistance therefore, improvement in meat processing procedures and strict hygiene measures towards reduction of these pathogens in food products should be encouraged.
Awareness of Alcohol among Adolescents and Young Adults of Mangalore
Authors: D'SA Joswin Rakesh , Shetty Seemitha , V. Shahina , Sahu Shashank , Prabhakar Shifali , Kundapur Rashmi , Kiran K. G.
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Alcohol consumption is a major public health problem in most parts of the world responsible for 3.2per cent of deaths (1.8 million). Prevalence of alcohol use in India is reported to be 21.4%. The concern, is that there has been a rapid change in patterns and trends of alcohol use in India, chief among them is people are beginning to drink at ever-younger ages. Alcohol consumption of the students under the age of 18 years is markedly high which needs to be addressed.

Aims and Objectives: To assess the awareness of risk factors in alcohol consumption among adolescents and young adults.

Materials and Method: Materials used are -Questionnaire pertaining to the awareness of alcohol consumption.

Methodology: Assessment of awareness and knowledge of alcohol consumption was done by means of answering a pretested validated questionnaire with anonymity.

Results: According to the study done, 67.18% of students knew who consumed alcohol under the age of 18. It was found, 28.03% of the subjects perceived that alcohol consumption started because of the urge to try something new.

Conclusion: A high majority of the students are aware of the underage drinking and risk factors associated with it.
A Descriptive Study on Knowledge of Registered Nurses Regarding Hospital Protocols on Biomedical Waste and Spillage Management and Needle Stick Injury in a Selected Hospital
Authors: Dsouza Pramila , Cutinho Savitha Pramilda , D'Silva Benita Reema , D'Souza Lanisha Sharon , D'Souza Dainy Reshma , Joseph Janet Joy , Neethu K.C. , Varghese Rinu Susan , N. Vanyakala M.
Published: April 2020

Background: Infection control is a major component in health care practices. The health care team while providing services of curative, promotive or preventive, inevitably create waste and also cause injury which may be hazardous to health. Poor waste management practices pose a huge risk to the health of public, patients, professionals and also contribute to environmental degradation. Nurses as the part of health care personnel is expected to have proper knowledge, practice, and 6 capacity to guide others for waste collection, management, and proper handling techniques.

Method: A descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge of nurses on biomedical waste Management, spillage management and to determine needle stick injury among 210 registered nurses working in various wards of selected hospital. The convenient sampling technique was used to select the subjects. Baseline proforma and structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data and data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Result: In this study it has been found that the majority of staff nurses (78.6%) had good level of knowledge, 18.1% had very good level of knowledge and 3.33% had satisfactory level of knowledge on Biomedical Waste and Spillage Management and Needle Stick Injury.

Conclusion: The findings of the study have shown that majority of staff nurses have good level of knowledge on Biomedical Waste and Spillage Management and Needle Stick Injury.
New Radiological Index for Evaluation of Pectus Deformities in Indian Population
Authors: Joshua S. Allwyn , Shetty Lathika , Pare V.S. , Sebastian Roopa
Published: April 2020

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of new radiological index for the diagnosis of pectus deformities in Indian population using computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Materials and methods: 60 subjects with mild to moderate pectus deformities and 100 controls with age group from 1 to 40 years were evaluated for the study. Non contrast CT images with sagittal, axial sections and 3D reconstructed images were utilized for the measurement of manubriosternal joint (MSJT) angulation as well as sterno-vertebral (SV) distance and transverse diameter (A) of chest.

Results: In controls manubriosternal joint showed mean value of 166.6±5.27, in pectus carinatum (PC) MSJT measured about 170±5.2 and in pectus excavatum (PE) MSJT had a value of 157.6±14.57and internal thoracic dimensions like sterno-vertebral distance measured about mean of 91.3±18.12 in controls, 80.24±14.57 in PE and 99.13±15.6 in PC and transverse diameter with a mean of 208.72±33.9in controls, 223.14±28.92 in PE and 192.2±40.96 in PC.

Conclusion: Inclusion of MSJT angulation as radiological index alongside of internationally accepted indices like sterno-vertebral distance and transverse diameter of chest would ensure comprehensive assessment of chest wall deformation and help in better understanding of sternal displacement during pectus deformities.
Optional Vaccines for Better Immunization :
Awareness among Mothers
Authors: Punarva M.H.
Published: April 2020

Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of optional vaccines among mothers of under five children in selected rural areas. The Sample include 30 mothers of under five children.Research approach was quantitative - evaluative approach anddesign used was quasi experimental pretestposttest design.In the first phase, researcher assessed pretest knowledge and health teaching was given to selected mothers with the duration of 45 minutes. The posttest knowledge was assessed over a period of 7 days after the intervention. The community participation has found to be effective with a Paired t valve (P<0.001) shows significance which indicates community participation was effective in terms of knowledge pain.
Local Drug Delivery in periodontal diseases. ……A Review
Authors: Ramesh Amitha , Prakash Agumbe Priyanka , Thomas Biju
Published: April 2020

Periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease of the tissues surrounding the teeth. Various treatment modalities like mechanical debridement and use of antimicrobials have been followed in the treatment of such conditions. Introduction of local drug delivery system in the periodontal pocket is a promising therapeutic modality for achieving better clinical outcomes when used as an adjunct to conventional non surgical periodontal therapy. Intensive research efforts are now focussed on the development of new strategies for more effective treatment.
Knowledge of Sexual Harassment among the Undergraduate students in Udupi district
Authors: Gurung Aditi , Priyadarshini Sangeetha , E. Binu Margaret
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Sexual harassment is a problem that is concerned with public health and has a serious effects on the students' dignity, physical as well as mental health. Knowledge on Sexual harassment equips the students to face such situation courageously.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge of the undergraduate students on sexual harassment.

Methods: A cross- sectional survey was conducted among 408 undergraduate students of selected professional colleges of Udupi district. Data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire on sexual harassment. Stratified proportionate systematic random sampling technique was used.

Result: The study found that 82.4% of the students had average knowledge, 13.2% had good knowledge and 4.4% had poor knowledge on sexual harassment.

Conclusion: This study shows that students have average knowledge on sexual harassment which shows that they need further education that may help them to take proper actions if harassment ever occur.
Anthropometric Analysis of Infraorbital Foramen in Adult Indian Dry Skull
Authors: Panicker Johncy Itty , Kumar Vishal , Veerannasetty Vinay Kumar
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Normally infra orbital foramen (IOF) is situated on the anterior surface of maxilla about 1cm below the infra orbital margin (IOM) bilaterally. Infra orbital vessels and nerves emerge out through this foramen. Infra orbital nerve (ION) terminates by supplying skin over the lower eyelid, conjunctiva, lateral aspect of external surface of nose, upper lip, ala of the nose and the premolar teeth. Infra orbital vessels supply the area surrounding the IOF.

Objective: To measure distance between superior part of the rim of the IOF to IOM (DIM) and the distance between the medial part of the rim of the IOF to lateral margin of the pyriform aperture (DIP). Compare the measurements of both sides. Compare our studies with other authors.

Materials and methods: Sixty adult dry skulls of unknown sex were studied. Those skulls with damaged foramen were excluded. Measurements were done in millimetres. Result: The mean DIM on right side is 5.96 mm and on left side it is 6.07. Mean DIP on right side is 16.70 mm and on left side it is 16.63mm. We have observed that there is no much significant variations in respect to sides. Our values were within the range of many others value.

Conclusion: Knowing exact location of IOF using different land mark is important for providing local anaesthesia in maxillofacial, plastic surgical operations and radio ablative neurotomy procedures. Thus information obtained is very useful IOF to avoid iatrogenic injury in the infra orbital area.
Knowledge attitude and practices of oral and personal hygiene to prevent communicable diseases among students in and around the city of Mangalore. An epidemiological survey
Authors: Hegde Amitha M. , Kar Adrija , R. Lekshmi , Mathew Minu
Published: April 2020

Introduction: India is undergoing an epidemiologic, demo-graphic and health transition. The expectancy of life has increased, with consequent rise in degenerative diseases of aging and lifestyles. Nevertheless, communicable diseases are still dominant and constitute major public health issues. There are several factors associated with the control of communicable diseases, such as hygiene, sanitation and safe drinking water, which are interlinked. Inadequate sanitary conditions and poor hygiene practices play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the knowledge about communicable diseases and practices of proper hygiene measures, among school going children in and around Mangalore, Karnataka.

Methodology: A survey was conducted among the students of an English and Kannada medium school using a basic questionnaire.

Results: An overall lower percentile scores were obtained by children from Kannada medium school.

Conclusion: There is a definite need for intense campaigns for the promotion of good oral and personal hygiene practices better aimed at the prevention of communicable diseases in local regional language medium schools in India.
Antidepressant Drug Effect on Periodontal Status in Chronic
Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Inasu Shiny , Thomas Biju , Rao Satheesh , Ramesh Amitha , Shetty Smitha
Published: April 2020

Patients with problems related to central nervous system dysfunctions are often treated with psychotropic drugs. These include antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants, and drugs blocking specific receptors in the brain such as anticholinergics or beta-blockers. However, these medications have serious side effects affecting the oral health. The purpose of this study is to explore antidepressant drug effect in chronic periodontitis patients.

Aim: To explore the effect of antidepressant drug in chronic periodontitis patients.

Material and Methods: The study comprised of 100 subjects, 50 periodontally healthy subjects, 50 chronic periodontitis subjects.Clinical examination was done and the following parameters were assessed: Gingival index, Clinical Attachment Loss.
Laparoscopic Repair of Spigelian Hernia: A Case Report
Authors: Ballal Rajesh , Banu Khamar Jaha , Rai Likith
Published: April 2020

Spigelian hernia is protrusion of the viscera through the spigelian fascia. They account for only 2% of all abdominal wall hernias and are relatively associated with higher risk of complications. It was first reported by Klinkosch in 1764. The treatment of choice is open hernioplasty. Here we report a case of 65 yrs. old lady who underwent laparoscopic transabdominal underlay repair for spigelian hernia concluding that minimal assess surgery is a viable modality of treatment of spigelian hernia.
Fracture of an Intravenous Cannula in the Vein during Removal: A Case Report
Authors: S. Jayanth B. , Bhandari Piyush M.
Published: April 2020

In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, peripheral venous cannulation is done for administrating antibiotics, fluids and supplements. Here we introduce the fracture of i.v cannula during removal inside the blood vessel. Peripheral i.v cannulation was done in radial vein with a 20G cannula in a patient with trauma for receiving antibiotics and fluids.Under sterile conditions, the broken piece of the cannula was removed from a vein with a surgical incision and the skin was sutured.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Ankle Posing As a Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: S. Anand Kumar , Ballal Arjun , Hegde Anoop , Ponnambalam A.
Published: April 2020

Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor of the bones. The adolescent males are the most commonly involved population. Pain of the affected site forms the common symptom during clinical presentation. The lower limbs are the most commonly affected site.

We present here a case report of a middle aged gentleman who presented to us with complaints of pain and mass over the non-dominant ankle for four years. Clinical examination revealed a bony hard swelling proximal to the lateral malleolus. The radiographs and CT scan reports were consistent with features suggestive of an exostosis bridging the distal tibio-fibular syndesmosis. Surgical exploration revealed a mass with definite borders bridging the distal tibio-fibular syndesmosis. Excision biopsy was performed and the histopathology of the specimen reported features consistent with that of an osteoid osteoma. The patient was started on physiotherapy of the ankle and he was noted to have full range of ankle motion at six months. As no such case has been reported in earlier in literature we present it as a rare case report.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) among Nursing Students at NUINS.
Authors: B. Sunanda , Nayak Sabitha
Published: April 2020

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an endocrine disorder which affects the adolescent girls. It has been found through studies that it affects around 5% to 10% of women in their reproductive years. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge on the polycystic ovarian syndrome among the student nurses. The data was collected from the nursing students by using structured questionnaire. The data collected from 150 samples in Nitte Usha Institute of Nursing Sciences. Descriptive survey research approach was adopted and data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Distribution of the samples on demographic characteristics revealed that 85% of the samples were in the age group of 21-25years, 75% of the samples were Christians, 82% of the samples were consuming mixed diet, and 92% samples had regular menstrual cycle. 76% of the samples were with average knowledge and 10.7% with good knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome. Hence the study concluded that Source of information, consumption of junk food, dietary patterns of the students were associated with their level of knowledge on PCOS at 5% level of significance.
Diode laser- an ideal tool for inferior turbinate reduction in allergic rhinitis
Authors: B. Satheesh Kumar Bhandary , Khanna Rishi Ajay , Bhat Vadisha Srinivas , Aroor Rajeshwary
Published: April 2020

Background: Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is the leading cause of nasal obstruction in subjects with allergic rhinitis. Patients not responding to medical line of treatment can benefit from turbinate reduction surgery, which aims at relieving symptoms.

Objective: Our study aimed at comparing the improvement in nasal symptoms as well as complications following diode laser turbinoplasty and conventional inferior turbinectomy.

Methods: A comparative interventional study conducted on randomly selected 93 patients of allergic rhinitis with hypertrophied inferior turbinate, attending the department of Otorhinolaryngology, in K.S.Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangalore over a period of 3 years. Fifty patients underwent conventional inferior turbinectomy and 43 underwent diode laser inferior turbinoplasty. All patients were evaluated for improvement in symptoms at follow up on 1 week, 1 month, 3 month and 6 month.

Results: The overall subjective improvement at 6 month was 71.10% in Conventional turbinectomy group and 73.84% in Laser turbinoplasty group. Both procedures are equally effective in reducing the turbinate size; however crusting, post-operative pain, blood loss and number of days of nasal pack was found to be significantly less in Laser turbinoplasty group.

Conclusion: Diode laser turbinoplasty and conventional turbinectomy for inferior turbinate hypertrophy are equally good in providing long-lasting symptom reduction in patients of allergic rhinitis with hypertrophied inferior turbinate. However diode laser turbinoplasty is a safe and effective procedure resulting in a controlled coagulation and ablation of the soft tissue with less immediate post-operative pain, bleeding, crusting, duration of nasal pack and hospital stay. The better results of diode laser turbinoplasty provide an excellent patient acceptance.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Dietary Practices Among Rural School Children Around Mangalore - An Epidemiological Survey
Authors: Hegde Amitha M. , Shah Tanvi , George Sherin Sara , K. Priyanka K.
Published: April 2020

Aim and Objectives: Healthy eating habits are essential not only for overall physical health, but also for the development and maintenance of a healthy oral cavity. Evidences indicate that dietary habits acquired in childhood persist through to adulthood, and the family and community have important roles to play in acquisition of nutrition related knowledge and practices. The purpose of this study was to survey the knowledge, attitudes and the eating practice of nutritious and junk food among rural school children and to assess any improvement in the attitudes and eating behaviours of the children with increasing level of knowledge.

Materials and Methods: The questionnaire survey was conducted in eight government schools around Mangalore which included a sample population of 2,355 children divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of Class V to Class VII and Group 2 of Class VIII to Class X. A questionnaire consisting of seventeen multiple choice questions to assess the knowledge, attitude and daily consumption of nutritional as well as junk foods was used.

Results and Conclusion: Our survey found that although there was better knowledge and attitude among the older children belonging to Group 2, there was an increased preference for junk foods among both the younger and older children alike, the taste and visual appeal being the major reasons. Despite increased awareness, consumption of junk food was still prevalent among the vast majority in all age groups.
Dynamic Smile Visualization and Quantification in different age groups
Authors: V. Harshitha , Ravi M.S. , Raveendran Reshma , Saeed Raed , C. Kiran Kumar
Published: April 2020

Aims and Objectives: To assess the posed and dynamic smile and to compare the various attributes of smile in frontal, oblique and sagittal dimensions, in two different age groups (10- 15years and 18-25 years).

Materials and Methods: The posed and dynamic smile parameters were measured using digital video clips in 80 subjects of two different age groups (10-15years and 18-25 years). Total of 15 parameters were studied in 3 planes of space. The data was analysed using student`s t-test to compare smile parameters across the age groups, paired t-test was used to analyse the parameters of posed and unposed smile within the same age group and chi-square test was performed for the discrete data.

Results: The present study revealed significant differences in dynamic smile parameters between the two age groups. The parameters like Philtrum height and Smile index are more in older age group whereas the buccal corridor was more in younger age group. Significant differences were also recorded in various parameters in both the groups when the posted smile is compared with that of the dynamic smile.

Conclusion: In both the age groups, the dynamic and posed smile attributes are significantly different, except for buccal corridor and interlabial gap.
Traumatic Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Lokoja, Nigeria: A Review of 43 Cases
Authors: Ogah Stephen Agbomhekhe
Published: April 2020

Background: The tympanic membrane main function is the conduction of sound waves for effective hearing hence its perforation almost always results in initial hearing impairment of a reasonable degree.

Objectives: To identify common causes, clinical presentation and management outcome of a perforated tympanic membrane.

Methods: This is a three year (January 2013-December 2015) prospective hospital base study carried out in the ENT Outpatient clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja, Nigeria. Patients were recruited by convenience sampling method after a clinical diagnosis of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation. All patients were made to have PTA for their hearing assessment during and after treatment.

Results: A total of 49 patients were recruited but 6 were lost to follow up, the remaining 43 were 24 males and 19 females with a male to female ratio of 1.26:1. Age range was from 2-80years and the modal age group was 11-20years. Ear cleaning and scratching with pointed objects was the commonest cause of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation followed by slapping from assault. Pain was the most common symptom at presentation followed by hearing loss. Spontaneous healing of the membrane occurred in 6 weeks in 34.9% of the patients and with complete restoration of hearing in 96%.
Pyogenic Granuloma - A Case Report
Authors: Sadiq Safat , Ramesh Amitha , Bhandary Rahul , Shetty Priyanka
Published: April 2020

Pyogenic Granuloma is a relatively common mucocutaneous lesion seen in the oral cavity, as a response to some underlying local irritant. This condition is frequently associated with periodontal pain and discomfort, and in some cases interferes with mastication and aesthetic problems. This paper presents a case of pyogenic granuloma managed by surgical intervention.
Reactivation of Tuberculosis Following Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Jha Abhishek A. , Ballal Rajesh , K. Aditya G.
Published: April 2020

A 46 year old male presented with dysphagia to solids and vomiting. He was evaluated clinically, radiologically and by upper GI endoscopy. He was diagnosed to have carcinoma of the distal 1/3rd of the oesophagus extending onto the Fundus of stomach (Sievert III).A standard transhiatalesophagectomy and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagesophageal reconstruction was done. His post op period was relatively uneventful and discharged on POD 22. He was readmitted for radiotherapy as per Protocol. (5040 cGY/25#/5 weeks). He developed persistent cough with expectoration on day 5. A pulmonology consult was given and sputum for AFB was sent. He was tested positive for pulmonary tuberculosis.

This man had a significant past history of being treated for TB meningitis 20 years ago. Treatment now was started as per DOTS regimen and was discharged after his course of radiotherapy. His Antitubercular drug therapy has been continued.

A search of the English literature survey revealed no similar articles of “Reactivation of Tuberculosis after abdominal surgery”. The possible mechanism may be due to profound immunosuppression following malignancy and its treatment.

It is worthwhile to consider Tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting as a cause of unexplained fever.
Keen's Approach: A Dynamic Approach for Zygomatic Arch Fracture Management
Authors: Mohan Muralee , S. Tripthi P. , Shetty Pratiksha , Menon Akash
Published: April 2020

Maxillofacial fractures are often associated with blunt head injuries of which the outward projection of the Zygomatic Arch exposes it to frequent injury. Isolated Zygomatic arch fractures account for 10% of all Zygomatic bone fractures. Depressed Zygomatic arch fractures causes restricted mouth opening due to the partial or total obstruction of the movement of mandibular coronoid and condylar processes. Numerous techniques have been used to approach the site and reduce the fractured fragments, such as the Gillie's temporal approach, Keen's intraoral approach, anterior cheek skin incision and direct open approach.

Below is a case report of an isolated Zygomatic arch fracture following a road accident in a middle aged woman that was surgically treated by open reduction through the Keen's intraoral approach. Successful reduction of the fractured segments and restoration of function was achieved with no scarring, minimal post-operative pain and satisfactory aesthetics.
Attitudes and perceptions towards research among final year medical students in a private medical college of coastal Karnataka: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kini Sanjay , R. Muthukumar , Maiya Rakesh G. , K. Nishanth Krishna , Kiran N. Udaya
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Research experience gained by medical students during their under graduate tenure plays a significant role in their future endeavours in the field of medical research. The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted to know the attitudes and perceptions towards research among final year medical students in a private medical college.

Methods: A total of 220 students participated in the study.

Results: The majority of the students agreed that research is important in the medical field (88.6%, 195/220). The majority also believed that research methodology to be part of medical curriculum (72.7%, 160/220). 31.8% (70/220) felt that Research methodology will be helpful to enter competitive exams (USMLE, PLAB). The barriers for conducting research as believed by students were: Lack of interest (32.7%, 72/220), Lack of time (31.4%, 135/220), Inadequate knowledge about research methodology (51.4%, 113/230), Lack of guidance by faculties (27.7%, 61/220), Lack of research curriculum (34.1%, 75/230) Inadequate facilities for research (35.5%, 78/220), Inadequate financial support (30.9%, 68/220) and others 2.9% (6/220). Of the participating students, 23.2% (51/220) participated in research during medical school, while 76.8% (179/220) did not.

Conclusion: Medical colleges should emphasize more on research among the undergraduate students. There is a need to reform the medical curriculum with more weightage towards research methodology.
Evaluation of Polymerization shrinkage of 2 types of posterior composite resins
Authors: Rao Lakshmi Nidhi , Hegde Mithra N. , Shetty Aditya
Published: April 2020

Composite resins represent a class of material widely used in restorative dentistry, not only for anterior aesthetics but also as the first choice to restore posterior teeth. However the key limitation in the use of composite resins as a restorative material is related to shrinkage during polymerization which leads to poor marginal seal, marginal staining, restoration displacement, tooth fracture and recurring caries [1].

Polymerization shrinkage may affect negatively the clinical outcome of the restoration. Hence the present study evaluates the Polymerization shrinkage of 2 different posterior composites; Filtek Z350(3M) and everX Posterior(GC), using a pycnometer.

Independent Sample T-Test was used to determine statistically significant difference in volumetric shrinkage among the tested composite resins. everX Posterior showed comparatively less shrinkage than Filtek Z350; which can be attributed to the presence of silanated e-glass fibres.
Leiomyosarcoma : Case Report of a Rare Primary Smooth Muscle Tumour of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Kothari Bhavika A. , Godkhindi Aditya , Shetty Rohan , S. Vishwanath
Published: April 2020

Primary smooth muscle tumours of the thyroid gland are extremely rare neoplasms. There are concerns regarding the management of such disease due to its rarity. Around 22 cases have been reported in the literature till date. In this study, the case of a 63year old female patient who presented with a rapidly enlarging anterior neck mass over the period of 3 months is reported. The patient underwent thyroidectomy with tracheostomy and radiotherapy for the treatment of primary leiomyosarcoma of thyroid gland. Due to similar clinical presentation as anaplastic carcinoma, diagnosis of primary thyroid leiomyosarcomas is difficult and maybe misdiagnosed. Hence the combined assessment of clinical, imaging and pathological data is required.Immunohistochemical analysis is a gold standard for diagnosis. Diagnosis and treatment of the current patient with primary thyroid leiomyosarcomaand a comprehensive review of the relevant literature are presented herein