bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological data assimilation for parameter estimation of a phytoplankton functional type model for the western North Pacific
Authors: Hoshiba Yasuhiro , Hirata Takafumi , Shigemitsu Masahito , Nakano Hideyuki , Hashioka Taketo , Masuda Yoshio , Yamanaka Yasuhiro
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Ecosystem models are used to understand ecosystem dynamics and ocean
biogeochemical cycles and require optimum physiological parameters to best
represent biological behaviours. These physiological parameters are often
tuned up empirically, while ecosystem models have evolved to increase the
number of physiological parameters. We developed a three-dimensional (3-D)
lower-trophic-level marine ecosystem model known as the Nitrogen, Silicon and
Iron regulated Marine Ecosystem Model (NSI-MEM) and employed biological data
assimilation using a micro-genetic algorithm to estimate 23 physiological
parameters for two phytoplankton functional types in the western North
Pacific. The estimation of the parameters was based on a one-dimensional
simulation that referenced satellite data for constraining the physiological
parameters. The 3-D NSI-MEM optimized by the data assimilation improved the
timing of a modelled plankton bloom in the subarctic and subtropical regions
compared to the model without data assimilation. Furthermore, the model was
able to improve not only surface concentrations of phytoplankton but also
their subsurface maximum concentrations. Our results showed that surface data
assimilation of physiological parameters from two contrasting observatory
stations benefits the representation of vertical plankton distribution in the
western North Pacific.
Future interannual variability of Arctic sea ice in coupled
climate models
Authors: Mioduszewski John R. , Vavrus Steve , Wang Muyin , Holland Marika , Landrum Laura
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The diminishing Arctic sea ice pack has been widely studied, but mostly focused on time-mean changes in sea ice rather than on short-term variations that also have important physical and societal consequences. In this study we test the hypothesis that future interannual Arctic sea ice area variability will increase by utilizing a set of 40 independent simulations from the Community Earth System Model's Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) for the 1920–2100 period, and augment this with simulations from 12 models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Both CESM-LE and CMIP5 models project that ice area variability will indeed grow substantially, but not monotonically, in all months, and with a strong seasonal dependence in magnitude and timing that is robust among CESM ensemble members. The variability in every month is inversely correlated with the average ice retreat rate before there is an eventual disappearance in both terms as the ice pack becomes seasonal in summer and autumn by late century. The peak in variability correlates best with the total area of ice between 0.2 m and 0.6 m monthly thickness, indicating that substantial future thinning of the ice pack is required before variability maximizes. Within this range, the most favorable thickness for high areal variability depends on the season, primarily due to whether ice growth or ice retreat processes dominate. Thermodynamic processes are found to be more important than dynamical mechanisms, namely ice export and ridging, in controlling ice area variability.
Perceptions of Police Legitimacy and Citizen Decisions to Report Hate Crime Incidents in Australia
Authors: Wiedlitzka Susann , Mazerolle Lorraine , Fay-Ramirez Suzanna , Miles-Johnson Toby
Published: June 2018

This article examines the importance of perceptions of police legitimacy in the decision to report hate crime incidents in Australia. It addresses an identified gap in the literature by analysing the 2011-2012 National Security and Preparedness Survey (NSPS) results to not only explore differences between hate crime and non-hate crime reporting but also how individual characteristics and perceptions of legitimacy influence decisions about reporting crime to police. Using the NSPS survey data, we created three Generalised Linear Latent and Mixed Models (Gllamm), which explore the influence of individual characteristics and potential barriers on the decision to report crime/hate crime incidents to police. Our results suggest that hate crimes are less likely to be reported to police in comparison to non-hate crime incidents, and that more positive perceptions of police legitimacy and police cooperation are associated with the victim’s decision to report hate crime victimisation.
Hate Speech Regulation in Post-Communist Countries: Migrant Crises in the Czech and Slovak Republics
Authors: Pejchal Viera
Published: June 2018

In 2015, the migrant crises in Europe showed that countries that have less experience with immigrants are also the less welcoming. Lack of proper application of hate speech laws and common use of political hate speech in the Czech and Slovak Republics have further promoted prejudice and intolerance towards minorities. In the absence of a universal definition of hate speech, I interpret incitement to hatred in three different but complementary ways: incitement to violence; incitement to discrimination; and incitement to denial of human dignity. This generational model is also applied to interpret the Czech and Slovak case law to explore the possibilities for outlawing hate speech that targets migrants and to decide on which ‘legal goods’ a society should protect in the twenty-first century.
Taking North American White Supremacist Groups Seriously: The Scope and the Challenge of Hate Speech on the Internet
Authors: Cohen-Almagor Raphael
Published: June 2018

This article aims to address two questions: how does hate speech manifest on North American white supremacist websites; and is there a connection between online hate speech and hate crime? Firstly, hate speech is defined and the research methodology upon which the article is based is explained. The ways that ‘hate’ groups utilise the Internet and their purposes in doing so are then analysed, with the content and the functions of their websites as well as their agenda examined. Finally, the article explores the connection between hate speech and hate crime. I argue that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that speech can and does inspire crime. The article is based in the main on primary sources: a study of many ‘hate’ websites; and interviews and discussions with experts in the field.
Architecture and Implementation of a Clinical Research Data Warehouse for Prostate
Cancer
Authors: Seneviratne Martin G. , Seto Tina , Blayney Douglas W. , Brooks James D. , Hernandez-Boussard Tina
Published: June 2018

Background: Electronic health record (EHR) based research in oncology can be
limited by missing data and a lack of structured data elements. Clinical research data
warehouses for specific cancer types can enable the creation of more robust research
cohorts.Methods: We linked data from the Stanford University EHR with the Stanford
Cancer Institute Research Database (SCIRDB) and the California Cancer Registry (CCR) to
create a research data warehouse for prostate cancer. The database was supplemented with
information from clinical trials, natural language processing of clinical notes and
surveys on patient-reported outcomes.Results: 11,898 unique prostate cancer patients
were identified in the Stanford EHR, of which 3,936 were matched to the Stanford cancer
registry and 6153 in the CCR. 7158 patients with EHR data and at least one of SCIRDB and
CCR data were initially included in the warehouse.Conclusions: A disease-specific
clinical research data warehouse combining multiple data sources can facilitate
secondary data use and enhance observational research in oncology.
La inflación en El Salvador
Authors: Rivera Campos Roberto
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 01, 1988: 7-56
Factores generadores y propagadores de la crisis fiscal
Authors: Alvarado José Antonio
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 03, 1988: 225-280
La política en la economía del gobierno de ARENA
Authors: Editor El
Published: June 2018

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 08, 1989: 139-140
Coaching: una nueva habilidad directiva de empoderamiento y transformación
Authors: Cañas Mario
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 1, 2016: 3-4
Conociendo los fondos de inversión: una nueva posibilidad de inversión y financiamiento en El Salvador
Authors: Mena Argueta Juan José
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 1, 2016: 23-26
Importancia de la vinculación universidad-empresa
Authors: Edwin Flores
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No.1, 2016: 27-28
Caracterización de la pequeña y mediana empresa familiar en El Salvador
Authors: Flores Edwin
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 2, 2016: 9-17
A propósito de los 20 años de la CONAMYPE
Authors: Flores Ricardo , Bermúdez Federico
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 2, 2016: 30-31
PieZaz! ... Expresiones+Arte. Una empresa donde ¡el arte se puede vestir!
Authors: Rivera Cecilia , Karen Rebollo
Published: June 2018

No abstracts available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 3, 2017: 34-36
Denim Project: marca que busca generar impacto social y ambiental a través de la moda
Authors: Rivera Cecilia , Adriana Corcios , Roberto Ticas
Published: June 2018

No abstract available.
Realidad Empresarial No. 4, 2017: 25-27
Ressenya de Pojada, P. (2017). Viure com a bons veïns.
Authors: Vergés Pons Oliver
Published: June 2018

Pojada, Patrici (2017) Viure com a bons veïns. Identitats i solidaritats als Pirineus (segles xvi-xix) Barcelona-Catarroja: Afers-Mirmanda, 309 p. ISBN 978-84-16260-36-2
A Rapid Method for the Determination of Biotin and Folic Acid in Liquid Milk, Milk Powders, Infant Formula, and Milk-Based Nutritional Products by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gill Brendon D , Saldo Sheila , Wood Jackie E , Indyk Harvey E
Published: June 2018

Background: Biotin and folate are B-group vitamins that play a critical role in numerous metabolic reactions, and they are supplemented to infant and adult nutritional formulas as free biotin and folic acid. Objective: We describe a rapid method for the analysis of biotin and folic acid that is applicable to liquid milk, milk powders, infant formula, and milk-based nutritional products. Methods: Samples are autoclaved, centrifuged, filtered, and analyzed by HPLC–MS/MS, with quantitation accomplished by the internal standard technique. Results: The method was shown to be accurate, with acceptable spike recovery (biotin: 96.5–108.2%; folic acid: 92.6–104.4%), and no bias (α = 0.05) against either a certified reference material (biotin: P = 0.70; folic acid: P = 0.23) or established analytical method (biotin: P = 0.10; folic acid: P = 0.48) was found. Acceptable precision was confirmed with repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) and Horwitz ratio (HorRat) values (biotin: RSDr = 0.5–5.6%, HorRatr = 0.1–0.6; folic acid: RSDr = 2.0–3.1%, HorRatr = 0.3–0.5). Method detection limit and ruggedness experiments further demonstrated the suitability of this method for routine compliance testing. Conclusions: This rapid method is intended for use in high-throughput laboratories as part of the routine product compliance release testing of biotin and folic acid in the manufacturing of infant formulas and adult nutritional products.
Promotion of exercise in the management of cystic fibrosis - summary of national meetings
Authors: Tomlinson Owen William , Shelley James , Denford Sarah , Barker Alan R , Oades Patrick J , Williams Craig A
Published: June 2018

Rationale, aims and objectives: Physical activity (PA) and exercise are important in maintaining and improving health and wellbeing in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and measures of exercise capacity are useful outcomes in monitoring disease progression. The roles and responsibilities of CF multi-disciplinary team (MDT) members in supporting PA and exercise have yet to be fully defined. This communication reports on national meetings of CF MDT staff whose interest is to improve and standardise person-centered exercise provision and testing as part of routine CF care. We also introduce the role of the physiotherapy technician in supporting PA interventions.Meetings: The two meetings covered a range of presentations, discussions and workshops, focusing on the role of exercise and PA in CF management. Forty people from 15 NHS Hospital Trusts and 3 universities were asked to provide feedback via a questionnaire.Results: The common roles and responsibilities of clinical staff involved in exercise testing and prescription are described, with a wide range of duties identified. In addition, physiotherapists were reported as the main MDT member responsible for exercise provision. The majority of teams reported discussing exercise at every clinical visit (57%) and felt confident in discussing exercise with patients (67%).Conclusions: While this report highlights the current provision of exercise in CF MDTs, it also provides insight into the resources MDTs may require in order to enhance the profile of exercise within CF services, including enhanced training, guidelines and standardised clinical roles.
Experience of diabetes self-management with mobile applications: a focus group study among older people with diabetes
Authors: Ye Qing , Boren Suzanne A , Khan Uzma , Simoes Eduardo J , Kim Min Soon
Published: June 2018

Background: The number of mobile diabetes self-management applications (apps) has risen. However, it is not certain whether these apps provide effective diabetes self-management for older people with diabetes. In this study, we aim to identify barriers in features and usability related to the needs of older people with diabetes for diabetes self-management applications.Methods: We conducted focus groups with 10 older people with diabetes (mean age = 69 years old). Based on the data saturation theory, there were 2 focus groups. Participants completed a set of diabetes self-management tasks using 9 representative diabetes self-management applications on iPads. We collected information regarding demographics, diabetes history, health literacy and prior experience using mobile devices and diabetes self-management applications. We asked participants’ preferences, concerns and needs for diabetes self-management application features. The System Usability Scale (0-100) measured overall usability. Thematic analysis identified the barriers that older participants encountered as they interacted with the diabetes self-management applications.Results: Participants found mobile applications inadequate for features on Healthy Coping and Problem Solving. The features that participants liked most for the diabetes self-management applications were documentation, information and goal setting. Thematic analysis revealed that usability was their primary concern about diabetes self-management applications in managing diabetes conditions. The average System Usability Scale score was 48 out of 100, which is considered not acceptable.Conclusions: This study suggests current diabetes self-management applications do not provide evidence-based, usable features for diabetes self-management and may not fulfill the needs of older people with diabetes.
The effect of a person-centred and strength-based health intervention on recovery among people with chronic illness
Authors: Heggdal Kristin , Oftedal Bjørg , Hofoss Dag
Published: June 2018

Background: Strengthening the health capacities of people diagnosed with a chronic illness is an essential part of secondary and tertiary prevention. However, research-based interventions focussed on health and recovery in chronic illness remain scarce. Additionally, these are often designed for specific diagnostic groups while healthcare workers are in need of more broadly applicable interventions that attend to personal resources for health. The aim of the present study was to trace patient recovery during an intervention designed to strengthen their bodily knowledge as an important resource for coping, recovery and health in chronic illness. Design and methods: The Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) was applied, as this instrument repeatedly measures progress in coping and recovery. Four dimensions were assessed: (1) individual (personal or symptomatic distress or wellbeing); (2) interpersonal (relational distress or wellbeing); (3) social (patient satisfaction with work, school and relationships) and (4) overall (general sense of wellbeing).Results: The sample comprised 13 men and 24 women who had been diagnosed with a range of long-term conditions and were attending the person-focussed health intervention in their community. Significant change was identified during the programme period. The findings indicate more improvement on the personal and general wellbeing dimensions than on the interpersonal and social dimensions. The number of participants scoring above the ORS cut-point of 25 increased by a factor of 1.7, demonstrating the programme’s efficiency.Conclusions: The results indicate that The Bodyknowledging Programme had a significant impact on the various forces driving recovery in chronic illness.
Understanding the factors that influence clinical decision-making - a sequential explanatory mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Manja Veena , Monterio Sandra , Guyatt Gordon , You John , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , Jack Susan
Published: June 2018

Background: Despite soaring healthcare costs, patient outcomes are suboptimal in the USA. Efforts to limit healthcare costs and improve quality of care have had limited success. An improved understanding of factors that influence clinical decision-making may provide insight into optimizing the quality and costs of care. The process of healthcare decision-making is contextual, complex and poorly understood. This study aims to explore the factors that influence clinical decision-making in the setting of limited evidence of effectiveness, limited or conflicting guidance, significant resource burden and variation in values and preferences.Rationale for study design: This sequential explanatory mixed methods study includes a case-based survey (quantitative phase). The results of the survey will guide the sampling and questions for the semi-structured interviews (qualitative phase). The interviews will provide an in-depth explanation of the survey results. Combining the two methods provides complementary information and deeper understanding of the phenomenon of clinical decision-making.Methods: The quantitative strand will consist of case-based surveys in the fields of neonatology and cardiology. Participants are asked to pick the best management choice for each question followed by a rating of the influence of different factors on a 7-point Likert scale. Follow-up questions explore knowledge and influence of evidence, guideline recommendations and costs on decision-making. Analysis of the survey results will inform sampling and the focus of qualitative interviews. The interviews will be analyzed using qualitative description.Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first study using a mixed methods approach including a case-based survey of physicians practicing in diverse settings to explore the factors that influence clinical decision-making. The results of this study may assist with strategies to implement high value care resulting in improved patient outcomes and limiting costs.
Faça o que você ama? O consumo do trabalho adjetivado e a startup 99Jobs
Authors: Grohmann Rafael
Published: June 2018

O artigo procura discutir o consumo simbólico do que chamamos de “trabalho adjetivado” (como criativo ou afetivo) – que faz parte de uma gramática hegemônica sobre o mundo do trabalho – considerando o trabalho como atividade humana e a partir do modo de produção capitalista. Compreende-se a instância da comunicação sobre o trabalho como uma instância reveladora das contradições dos processos comunicacionais e produtivos e busca-se entender, então, os discursos que circulam no site da startup 99Jobs, cujo slogan é “faça o que você ama”.
Jornalistas em veículos e assessores: papeis diferentes; mesmo código de ética
Authors: Messagi Jr. Mário
Published: June 2018

Assessores de imprensa são jornalistas? Esta questão divide profissionais e pesquisadores. Alberto Dines, por exemplo, defende o modelo português, que separa moralmente assessoria de jornalismo. Eugênio Bucci advoga que são duas profissões diferentes e, utilizando a comparação com o campo jurídico, aponta conflitos morais evidentes. Através de uma discussão normativa, comparando a deontologia do jornalismo com a do direito, este artigo pretende demonstrar o contrário. Não há esta separação estanque de profissões entre o juiz e o advogado, todos os agentes se vinculam ao mesmo norte moral. A área de assessoria de imprensa no Brasil se desenvolveu de maneira singular e mais comprometida com os direitos do cidadão. Adotar o modelo de outros países mais vinculado às práticas da comunicação instrumental é retrocesso. O modelo brasileiro é superior ao português.
Diferencias geográficas de la fecundidad en España: Una perspectiva provincial
Authors: Gil Alonso Fernando , Bayona Carrasco Jordi , López Villanueva Cristina , Pujadas Rúbies Isabel
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diferencias en la intensidad de la fecundidad existentes actualmente en el interior de las provincias españolas, particularmente la que se encuentra entre las capitales de provincia y sus restos provinciales, así como explicar la evolución reciente de dicho fenómeno en España. Mientras que la diferenciación en los valores de la fecundidad entre provincias ha sido objeto clásico de estudio, poco se sabe de las diferencias internas y de su evolución. Los resultados alcanzados en este trabajo indican la existencia de diferencias en dos direcciones: en las provincias más urbanas las capitales (especialmente aquellas con un término municipal reducido y que no incluyen, por lo tanto, nuevas áreas periféricas de expansión) experimentan menor fecundidad que el resto de sus respectivas provincias; en cambio, en las provincias más rurales, donde la población joven se concentra en la capital, es ésta la que muestra una mayor fecundidad que los municipios del resto de la provincia.
El concepto de ciclo Hidro-social aplicado a los conflictos por el acceso al agua. El caso de la disputa por el río Atuel entre las provincias de la Pampa y Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Langhoff María Laura , Geraldi Alejandra , Rosell Patricia
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo plantea un abordaje del concepto de ciclo hidro-social desde la perspectiva de la ecología política del agua. Este análisis teórico facilita el estudio del conflicto por el río Atuel, entre las provincias de La Pampa y Mendoza, Argentina, para explicar a través de una matriz los elementos que interactúan en el ciclo hidro-social y determinar las consecuencias que estos generan.

El objetivo es analizar el ciclo hidro-social y su aplicación al problema para un sector del oeste pampeano cuyo eje organizador es el río Atuel. Así mismo, estudiar los conflictos interprovinciales que se generan y los aspectos que componen dicho ciclo.

El tratamiento del problema y su profundización es abordado a través de la lectura de trabajos de especialistas en el área y de las fuentes hasta ahora analizadas tales como: mensuras catastrales, testimonios de pobladores y documentación oficial.

Palabras claves: ciclo hidro-social; ecología política; agua; conflicto; territorio.
Análisis espacial de la ordenación territorial en áreas rurales de baja densidad demográfica: El caso de Extremadura
Authors: Nieto Masot Ana , Engelmo Moriche Ángela , Cárdenas Alonso Gema
Published: June 2018

La ordenación del territorio en partenariados rurales-urbanos es una de las cuestiones más en boga actualmente para la organización óptima de los recursos y equipamientos en espacios rurales en crisis y en peligro de desaparición por el elevado envejecimiento de su población y el abandono de la población joven hacia espacios más dinámicos y con mejores oportunidades y recursos.

La región que se analiza en este trabajo, Extremadura, es un espacio predominantemente rural en el que existen desigualdades en sus realidades sociales, económicas y demográficas, agravadas en algunos espacios y que no son resueltas a través las diferentes comarcalizaciones que actualmente actúan sobre su territorio. Así, en este estudio, se revisan las diferentes divisiones comarcales de la región extremeña con el fin de detectar su grado de solapamiento y de localizar, aplicando una metodología basada en el Análisis factorial de Componentes Principales, los núcleos que están ejerciendo en la actualidad como cabecera comarcal y que podrían actuar como centros de una futura y única organización territorial. Para comprobar el nuevo diseño, se aplican modelos de accesibilidad y  gravedad a través de Sistemas de Información Geográfica y softwares estadísticos.

 
Producción privada de hábitat urbano en Córdoba, Argentina: condiciones internas y contextuales que organizan su desarrollo
Authors: Boccolini Sara María
Published: June 2018

Dada la importancia de los procesos neoliberales de urbanización de capitales en las últimas décadas –tanto a escala global como regional, y a los fines de este estudio, en Córdoba en particular- numerosas investigaciones se enfocan en el impacto de estos procesos en los patrones de territorialización urbanos. Sin embargo, por lo general se estudia cada proceso (renovación, periurbanización, contraurbanización, gentrificación) de forma aislada y reduccionista.

Este estudio reconstruyó las condiciones estructurales internas y contextuales que articulan las intervenciones de los agentes particulares productores de hábitat. Se desarrollaron premisas de intervención para Córdoba y la región, generalizables a todas las escalas de intervención de estos agentes y sin importar la cantidad de recursos de que dispongan.
Se sistematizaron datos estadísticos elaborados por instituciones públicas y privadas, datos obtenidos de entrevistas con actores clave y un relevamiento de campo de la producción de hábitat (2001-2015), e investigaciones publicadas sobre el tema. Como resultado, se propusieron premisas que no sólo explican integralmente todos los procesos de territorialización actualmente en desarrollo en la ciudad: Además, pueden predecir procesos hasta ahora no consolidados, o con gran probabilidad de desarrollarse a corto plazo (como es el vaciamiento y pauperización de áreas pericentrales e intermedias).
Pratiques éducatives pour accroitre la participation sociale des adolescents et des jeunes adultes ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme
Authors: Rouillard-Rivard Daphné , Julien-Gauthier Francine , Poulin Marie-Hélène , Martin-Roy Sarah
Published: June 2018

Bien que la participation sociale soit un des objectifs des services éducatifs offerts lors de la scolarisation, peu de recherches se sont penchées sur cet enjeu, et ce, plus particulièrement pour les adolescents et les jeunes adultes ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA). Cette recension des écrits porte sur la participation sociale de ces adolescents et jeunes adultes (14 à 21 ans) dans une perspective de résilience. Elle a pour but d’identifier des facteurs de risque susceptibles d’entraver leur participation sociale et des facteurs de protection qui peuvent la favoriser. Pour la réalisation de l’étude, 31 articles scientifiques et un chapitre de livre ont été recensés. À la lumière des résultats obtenus, la période développementale de l’adolescence représente une fenêtre d’occasions pour le développement de la participation sociale, car les adolescents et les jeunes adultes côtoient quotidiennement leurs pairs dans le milieu scolaire. À l’adolescence, le jeune se distancie de la cellule familiale pour construire son identité personnelle en établissant des liens avec ses pairs; dans cette perspective les habiletés sociales sont étroitement liées à la participation sociale. Les résultats obtenus confirment l’importance de la participation sociale pour les jeunes ayant un TSA, de même que la nécessité de soutenir cette participation sociale par l’apprentissage d’habiletés sociales et la multiplication des occasions de les mettre en pratique à l’école et dans leur collectivité. Des stratégies d’intervention à mettre en place pour accroitre la participation sociale de ces jeunes sont proposées.
La science s’amuse
Authors: Larivée Serge
Published: June 2018

Alors que le texte de la rubrique Controverse du dernier numéro (vol. 46, no.2) traitait du côté sombre de la science, celui-ci présente un aspect plus léger de la recherche scientifique et de ses connivences avec la stupidité. Deux aspects seront abordés : les prix IgNobel et les Prix Darwin. Dans le premier cas, les récipiendaires peuvent être considérés comme des chercheurs de l’absurde. Dans le second cas, ils sont remerciés pour leur contribution à l’amélioration du patrimoine génétique puisqu’ils sont morts ou ne peuvent plus se reproduire à la suite de leur exploit stupide.
Effects of a Physical Exercise Program on the Level of Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure of Obese Workers in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mabele Godefroid K. , Ekisawa Constant N. , DELECLUSE Christophe , B.Linkoko Teddy , K.Ngasa Nicaise , L.Bompeka Francois
Published: June 2018

Background: Obesity has become a public health problem in the world today, especially in the workplace, where workers are subjected to long-term work in a sitting position and in front of computers. The absence of a program of structured physical exercises in our context on obesity in a professional environment in Kinshasa motivated us to carry out this study. Objective: To investigate the effect of a structured exercise program on the level of physical activity and energy expenditure of obese workers. Methods: In a 6-month follow-up study, 157 obese patients with a mean age of 47 ± 9.54 years were enrolled in a 3-day, one-hour structured exercise program. Day of moderate to high intensity and walking combined with a nutritional education (low calorie, high fiber and vitamins) at the Multimodal Freight Management Office of Kinshasa between January and June 2014. We used the paired Student's T test to compare continuous variables before and after the programs. Results: A significant increase was obtained in six months of the structured exercise program combined with nutrition education for most of the studied parameters: number of steps on the working day (p <0.0001) ; number of steps on the weekend (p <0.0001); energy expenditure on the working day (p <0.0001); energy expenditure on the weekend day (p<0.0001). In contrast, weight, Body Mass Index, Waist circumference and Hip Abdomen Ratio significantly decrease d respectively: weight (p<0.0001); Body Mass Index (p <0.0001); waist circumference (p < 0.0001); Hip Abdomen Ratio (p <0.0001).Conclusion: Structured exercise combined with nutrition education significantly increases the level of physical activity, energy expenditure and decreases weight, Body Mass Index, waist circumference and morbidity and mortality risk of obese workers.
Community involvement works where enforcement fails: conservation success through community-based management of Amazon river turtle nests
Authors: Norris Darren , Michalski Fernanda , Gibbs James P.
Published: June 2018

Law enforcement is widely regarded as a cornerstone to effective natural resource management. Practical guidelines for the optimal use of enforcement measures are lacking particularly in areas protected under sustainable and/or mixed use management regimes and where legal institution are weak. Focusing on the yellow-spotted river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis) along 33 km of river that runs between two sustainable–use reserves in the Brazilian Amazon as an illustrative example, we show that two years of patrols to enforce lawful protection regulations had no effect on nest harvesting. In contrast, during one year when community-based management approaches were enacted harvest levels dropped nearly threefold to a rate (26%) that is likely sufficient for river turtle population recovery. Our findings support previous studies that show how community participation, if appropriately implemented, can facilitate effective natural resource management where law enforcement is limited or ineffective.
Location patterns and determinants of knowledge‐intensive industries in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Authors: Yamamura Shu , Goto Haruhiko
Published: June 2018

The knowledge industry has an important function for regional economic development in cities and countries with strong knowledge economies. This study examined the characteristics of clustered Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area and investigated the determinants of these enterprises’ locations. Using municipal‐level data, the significance of the determinants of KIBS’ locations was tested in a path analysis, followed by analysis of questionnaire survey data on KIBS enterprises. The results were as follows. First, several dense KIBS agglomerated clusters were found in central Tokyo and some inner‐suburban business districts. Ellison‐Glaeser index statistics confirmed that KIBS were more likely than non‐KIBS to geographically concentrate. Second, the most influential determinants of KIBS’ location were urban economies, food amenities, and nightlife amenities. The result of the questionnaire survey also implies that, in highly urbanized areas, a dense distribution of business enterprises, food and nightlife amenities, and sophisticated urban regional image creates a positive urban environment evaluation by KIBS enterprises and attracts them through direct and indirect causal relationships.
Self ‐Powered Insole Plantar Pressure Mapping System
Authors: Deng Chaoran , Tang Wei , Liu Long , Chen Baodong , Li Meicheng , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: June 2018

Sensitive monitoring and real‐time foot pressure mapping have important applications for medical treatment/diagnostics, sports training, and even security. In this work, a facile plantar pressure mapping system with a large pressure detection range using piezoelectric nanogenerators serving as the sensor array to acquire pressure signals, and a self‐designed data acquisition (DAQ) circuit board to process and wirelessly send the signals to a mobile terminal, such as a smart phone, are developed. Working with an application program developed in Android, the whole system can accurately monitor and visually display the real‐time pressure distribution during walking. More importantly, by combining a hybridized triboelectric–electromagnetic nanogenerator, a self‐powered, continuous, and real‐time pressure distribution monitoring system is developed, which provides a feasible solution for sport/exercise biomechanics information acquisition, injury prevention, and ulceration prediction in the feet.
Tunable Elastomers with an Antithrombotic Component for Cardiovascular Applications
Authors: Stahl Alexander M. , Yang Yunzhi Peter
Published: June 2018

This study reports the development of a novel family of biodegradable polyurethanes for use as tissue engineered cardiovascular scaffolds or blood‐contacting medical devices. Covalent incorporation of the antiplatelet agent dipyridamole into biodegradable polycaprolactone‐based polyurethanes yields biocompatible materials with improved thromboresistance and tunable mechanical strength and elasticity. Altering the ratio of the dipyridamole to the diisocyanate linking unit and the polycaprolactone macromer enables control over both the drug content and the polymer cross‐link density. Covalent cross‐linking in the materials achieves significant elasticity and a tunable range of elastic moduli similar to that of native cardiovascular tissues. Interestingly, the cross‐link density of the polyurethanes is inversely related to the elastic modulus, an effect attributed to decreasing crystallinity in the more cross‐linked polymers. In vitro characterization shows that the antiplatelet agent is homogeneously distributed in the materials and is released slowly throughout the polymer degradation process. The drug‐containing polyurethanes support endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, while demonstrating reduced levels of platelet adhesion and activation, supporting their candidacy as promising substrates for cardiovascular tissue engineering.
3D‐Printed Microfluidic Devices for Materials Science
Authors: Alizadehgiashi Moien , Gevorkian Albert , Tebbe Moritz , Seo Minseok , Prince Elisabeth , Kumacheva Eugenia
Published: June 2018

Microfluidics (MFs) has emerged as a valuable and in some cases, unique platform for the synthesis and assembly of inorganic and polymeric materials. 3D printing enables time‐, labor‐, and cost‐efficient prototyping of MF devices, their durability during operation, and the ability to implement complex designs, however the applications of 3D‐printed MF devices in materials science are still in their infancy. Here, the synthesis and assembly of a diverse range of materials, including spraying‐based synthesis of inorganic NPs and conductive filaments, extrusion‐based fabrication of hydrogel fibers and sheets, and the preparation of composite solid films are reported. The properties are examined and potential applications of these materials are shown, the advantages of material fabrication in 3D‐printed MF devices are highlighted, and the directions for their further development are identified.
Active Control of Resonant Cloaking in a Terahertz MEMS Metamaterial
Authors: Manjappa Manukumara , Pitchappa Prakash , Wang Nan , Lee Chengkuo , Singh Ranjan
Published: June 2018

Metamaterials exhibiting exotic optical properties have played a significant role over the years in guiding the concept of invisibility cloaking from the realm of being fiction to reality. However, due to the difficulties in fabricating the 3D cloaking devices and lack of exotic plasmonic materials at terahertz (THz) frequencies, the experimental realization of cloaking phenomenon in the THz spectrum is challenging. In this work, a new mechanism for invisibility cloaking based on the resonant scattering cancellation technique in a 2D nonconcentric composite metamaterial device, consisting of a split ring resonator (SRR) and a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) reconfigurable closed ring resonator (CRR) at THz frequencies is reported. A strong magnetic interaction between the SRR and CRR eliminates the scattering effects from the SRR at its fundamental eigen mode frequency, thereby making it invisible to the incident THz wave. Further, by voltage actuation of MEMS‐reconfigurable CRR, an active switching between the visible and cloaked states of SRR structure is demonstrated. The proposed technique provides a simple design and technique for realizing invisibility cloaks by utilizing the resonant near‐field interactions in the subwavelength structures across microwave to optical frequencies, thereby circumventing the need for materials with complex geometry and exotic properties.
A Perovskite Light‐Emitting Device Driven by Low‐Frequency Alternating Current Voltage
Authors: Liu Xuhai , Yu Dejian , Huo Chengxue , Song Xiufeng , Gao Yujie , Zhang Shengli , Zeng Haibo
Published: June 2018

Halide perovskite microplatelets (HPeMs) with ultrahigh crystallinity and large lateral dimension provide a good potential for realizing new micrometer‐scale light sources. However, the difficulty of obtaining uniform microplatelet thin films imposes the impediment for getting light sources in the conventional vertical configuration. Here, bright electroluminescence (EL) from a light‐emitting device based on solution‐processed large HPeMs is obtained using alternating current (AC) voltage in a planar device configuration. The bright and stable EL driven by 50 Hz demonstrates that this AC‐driven light‐emitting device can directly couple with household power supplies, thereby simplifying the electrical circuit modulation. The low‐frequency‐driven capability can be originated from the high charge carrier mobility and long carrier lifetime in perovskites, i.e., the hole accumulation can be reduced near the metal electrode to allow more hole injection, and more long‐lifetime holes can wait for injected electrons to recombine. Moreover, the shift of peak position and full‐wavelength‐at‐half‐maximum in the temperature‐dependent EL spectra reveals that the electric‐induced ionized scattering centers and related ion migration might have been neglected in the widely studied temperature‐dependent photoluminescence measurements. This work demonstrates an alternative operating mechanism and light‐emitting device configuration for obtaining EL from perovskites, offering a new manner to get novel micrometer‐scale perovskite light sources.
Near‐Ultraviolet Structural Colors Generated by Aluminum Nanodisk Array for Bright Image Printing
Authors: Lee Chun‐Ho , Kim Youngrok , Song Jung‐Hwan , Ee Ho‐Seok , Hwang Min‐Soo , Jeong Kwang‐Yong , Park Hong‐Gyu , Lee Takhee , Seo Min‐Kyo
Published: June 2018

Structural colors generated by optical micro‐ or nanostructures have attracted much attention for replacing pigment colors due to their tunability and semipermanency. The advantages of structural colors are now ready to be extended to the spectral range outside that of visible wavelengths. Here, bright structural colors are demonstrated in the near‐ultraviolet (near‐UV) wavelength range based on the plasmonic resonance of an aluminum nanodisk array. Collective plasmonic oscillation of the aluminum nanodisks selectively reflects the near‐UV light with a high reflectance and narrow linewidth. The color of the reflected light is tuned over the full near‐UV range, depending on the structural parameters of the nanodisk array. In particular, aluminum nanodisk arrays can be used as structural color pixels that demonstrate printing of near‐UV images with a high resolution of ≈10 000 pixels per inch. The demonstrated near‐UV structural colors show significant progress toward UV filtering and imaging, anticounterfeit, color multiplexing, and photocatalysis.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Trifluoromethylation of Isonitrile‐Substituted Indole Derivatives: Access to 1‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐4,9‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indole and β‐Carboline Derivatives
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Li Longhai , Yu Liuzhu , Tang Lisha , Chen Qin , Shi Min
Published: June 2018

A visible‐light‐induced trifluoromethylation of isonitrile‐substituted indole derivatives has been developed from the reaction of isonitrile‐substituted indoles with Togni II reagent, affording 1‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4,9‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indoles in moderate to good yields. The further transformations to β‐carboline derivatives and a harmacine derivative have been performed, demonstrating the potential synthetic utility of this method. A preliminary biological study indicated that the CF3‐containing harmine analogue significantly stimulated the secretion of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), suggesting an improvement in treating diabetes.

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Large Local‐Compressive Stress‐Induced Improvements in Piezoelectric Characteristics of Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films on a Ni Nanodots Array
Authors: Han Chan Su , Cho Ahra , Kim Da Bin , Cho Yong Soo
Published: June 2018

Interfacial stress present in ferroelectric thin films is known to affect largely their piezoelectric properties by modifying crystal orientation and domain structure. Here, a nonconventional way is proposed to substantially improve the polarization and piezoelectric characteristics of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films by modifying the surface of the typical Si substrate into an embossed structure with Ni nanodots. Uniform Ni nanodot arrays are successfully produced by an external magnetic field through the consolidation process of thin Ni layer. The exceptionally large thermal expansion mismatch of ≈94% between the thin films and the Ni nanodots is believed to induce a large local‐compressive stress around the nanodot region and thus the intensified orientation toward c‐axis. For this demonstration, the in situ sputtering processing enabled by combining heavily 12 mol% Nb‐doping with a bottom electrode structure of Ir/TiW is used. As a highlight of the improvement, a significant increase of ≈33% in effective piezoelectric coefficient is observed for the 90 nm Ni nanodot case. An apparent shift of the polarization–electric field curve suggests the existence of internal field, as an evidence of the in situ domain formation.
Increasing the Atomic Packing Efficiency of Phase‐Change Memory Glass to Reduce the Density Change upon Crystallization
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Xu Meng , Xu Kailang , Qian Hang , Tong Hao , Cheng Xiaomin , Wu Liangcai , Xu Ming , Miao Xiangshui
Published: June 2018

Phase‐change memory (PCM) is a promising candidate for next‐generation memory technology due to the fast switching and large property contrast between the crystalline and amorphous phases. However, the large difference of mass density between these two phases is one of the major factors that lead to the failure of PCM devices. In this work, it is discovered that the carbon alloying remarkably reduces the density change of GeSb film (GeSbC), a chalcogen‐free material with high stability and good switching properties, from ≈6% to ≈3%. In particular, it is focused on the mechanism how carbon affects the structure of GeSbC alloys through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, demonstrating that this dopant has increased the packing efficiency by forming small tetrahedral clusters in the bonding region of the glass. The results have important implications on the design of durable phase‐change memory materials.
Government perspectives on housing, technology and support design within Australia's National Disability Strategy
Authors: Callaway Libby , Tregloan Kate
Published: June 2018

Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is a significant disability reform and part of a 10‐year National Disability Strategy that aims to build well‐being and inclusion of Australians with disability. Housing is recognised as a key determinant of health. Transition of state‐funded supported accommodation to an NDIS, within the new Specialist Disability Accommodation framework, aims to deliver housing responses that positively influence NDIS participant outcomes. This study aimed to gather perspectives of government disability and housing representatives on current opportunities and issues for Australians with disability. The study investigated four key research questions, relating to built design; integrated technologies; the relationship between housing and support provision; and community precinct design. Nineteen government representatives from seven of the eight Australian states and territories participated in a roundtable focus group in Melbourne, Australia (March 2017). Focus group data were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Twelve themes were identified in response to the research questions identified. Key policy and practice implications were highlighted. This research offers insights from government that can contribute to strategic housing, technology, support and community design decisions and Australia's National Disability Strategy, to deliver improved outcomes for people with disability.