bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muhammad und die frühe islamische Gemeinschaft aus historischer Sicht
Authors: Donner Fred M.
Published: July 2014

The talk summarizes the traditional view of Islam's origins and its limitations, particularly the problem of deficient sources, and then sketches out differing revisionist approaches on Islam's origins and on the nature and early history of the Qur'an text. While skepticism about some information in the traditional Islamic narratives is warranted, it is also clear that these sources must be used, albeit critically, to reconstruct Islam's origins. The paper closes with a summary of a reconstruction, based mainly on parts of the Qur'an, that posits an early community of Believers dedicated to strict monotheism and adherence to stringent standards of piety in which Jews, Christians, and Qur'anic monotheists all played some part. The fluidity or porousness of confessional identities in the early community seems to have given way to stricter boundaries around 700 CE, when the core of the community redefined itself around the Qur'an and the figure of the prophet Muhammad to become Muslims in the classic sense.
Der Weg zum geschichtlichen Mohammed
Authors: Nagel Tilman
Published: July 2014

In this paper I explain the most important principle of research I followed in achieving my study on the life of Muhammad. The literary genre of hadith which did not come into being before the end of the seventh century AC must not be considered as a reliable source for the study of Muhammad's biography, since it reflects the theological and social developments of that subsequent epoch. Therefore research on the historical Muhammad has to be based on the koran.

The text of the koran embodies the evidence of a prophetic experience which lasted for more than two decades. The different meanings of rasūl and nabī are the starting-point of the exposition of the method underlying my biography of Muhammad. Some of the major consequences of this difference are analyzed, and I try to show its momentousness for understanding the historical prophet.
Den Orient begrifflich denken: Überlegungen zur Erforschung der arabisch-islamischen Geistesgeschichte
Authors: Tamer Georges
Published: July 2014

The first part of this paper presents two contrary views on the Arab-Islamic culture : The first one claims the essential otherness of the Orient against the Occident, which causes the historian of cultures to focus more on differences than similarities between Arab-Islamic world, on one hand, and Europe which developed out of the Greek-Roman-Byzantine cultural traditions, on the other. In opposition, the other view stresses a poetic and mystical unity between the two cultural realms. According to this position, the spiritual aspects of Islam and the Orient are emphasized. In the second part, the author presents a new approach to deal with the Orient, based on conceptualizing predominant cultural phenomena which have direct impact on the life of societies. Through the investigation of the concept of time in the Qurʾān and influential Arab literary works, the paper attempts to demonstrate that questions about the relationship between cultures and peoples can be answered more accurately by analyzing the concepts which shape the mentality of the people.
To rehabilitate a theological treatise. Inqādh al-Bashar min al-Jabr wa-l-Qadar
Authors: Abdulsater Hussein Ali
Published: July 2014

This article deals with a theological treatise that has been wrongly ascribed to the Imāmī scholar al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā (d. 436/1044). The treatise discusses the question of human agency in relation to divine decree and determining, arguing for positions that, to a large extent, resemble Murtaḍā's known views. Nevertheless, the treatise also betrays features incompatible with Murtaḍā's theology as a whole, in addition to stylistic and bibliographical questions that make a good case against the work's authenticity. This wrong ascription, however, has not been noted despite the repeated editions of the text in the Islamic world. As such, it misrepresented many of Murtaḍā's views, sometimes undermining the main pillars of his theological system. The author of the treatise establishes his ethical concepts on the basis of scriptural dictates before proceeding to rational arguments, relies on non-multi-attested reports, defers to the authority of the Prophet's companions and culls God's names and attributes from the word of revelation. While going against Murtaḍā's positions, these views – put together – are considerably closer to non-Imāmī doctrines, and could have easily been the work of a Muʿtazilī author.
Involvement of medical experts in legal proceedings: an e-learning approach
Authors: Jacek Dygut , Płonka Sylwia , Roterman-Konieczna Irena
Published: July 2014

E-learning programs based on the “Virtual Patient” paradigm familiarize students with the process of combining information derived from different branches of medical science. In addition, medical practice often requires paralegal knowledge – for example, when determining the degree of disability or taking part in medical malpractice proceedings. This paper serves as an introduction to inclusion of modern IT tools in teaching curricula. Such tools are available to almost every student of medical sciences and frequently employ the “Virtual Patient” concept mentioned above. For the purposes of our study, we have prepared a selection of training materials using the CASUS software. The specific features of our study include involvement in legal proceedings based on a retrospective approach, i.e., reconstruction of past events.
Quantum binary polyhedral groups
and their actions on quantum planes
Authors: Chan Kenneth , Kirkman Ellen , Walton Chelsea , Zhang James J.
Published: July 2014

We classify quantum analogues of actions of finite subgroups G of

SL
2

⁢

(
k
)

${\mathrm{SL}_{2}(k)}$

on commutative polynomial rings

k
⁢

[
u
,
v
]

${k[u,v]}$

. More precisely,
we produce a classification of pairs

(
H
,
R
)

${(H,R)}$

where H is a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra that acts inner faithfully and preserves
the grading of an Artin–Schelter regular algebra R of global dimension 2. Remarkably, the corresponding invariant rings

R
H

${R^{H}}$

share similar
regularity and Gorenstein properties as the invariant rings

k
⁢

[
u
,
v
]

G

${k[u,v]^{G}}$

in the classical setting. We also present several questions and directions
for expanding this work in noncommutative invariant theory.
Role of BCA in TIGER grant reviews: common errors and influence on the selection process
Authors: Homan Anthony C.
Published: July 2014

As directed by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the US Department of Transportation (DOT) created the Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) discretionary grant program for surface transportation infrastructure projects. Through 2013, there have been five rounds of the grant program. TIGER uses a multi-step competitive application process to award surface transportation funds. TIGER applications are initially screened by US DOT’s staff of technical experts. For projects forwarded by the review team, US DOT economic experts then review the applicant’s benefit-cost analysis (BCA) and attempt to determine the likelihood that the benefits exceeded costs (i.e. not the applicant’s self-determination). The final awardees are then selected by a Review Team of Modal Administrators and DOT Office of the Secretary level officials. The purpose of this paper is to discuss many of the common errors in preparing, and issues in reviewing the applicant’s BCA and in making a net benefit determination. A secondary purpose is to determine if the most deserving projects, based on an applicant’s BCA and the likelihood that benefits exceeded costs, are more likely to receive grant funding. We do so for the second through the fifth rounds of the program.
Кінетика тетанусу musculus gastrocnemius в алкоголізованих щурів з експериментально-індукованою васкулярною ішемією задніх кінцівок за умов низькочастотної м’язової втоми
Authors: Melnychuk O. A. , Motuzіuk O. P. , Shvayko S. Y. , Homa О. M.
Published: July 2014

Досліджено зміну кінетики тетанусу m. gastrocnеmius (cap. med.) в алкоголізованих щурів з експериментально-індукованою унілатеральною васкулярною ішемією м’язів задніх кінцівок за умов прогресивної низькочастотної м’язової втоми. Кінетика тетанусу m. gastrocnеmius (cap. med.) в алкоголізованих щурів порівняно з неалкоголізованими не зазнає суттєвих змін. Характерною ознакою низькочастотної втоми m. gastrocnеmius (cap. med.) за умов ішемії є швидка поява вторинного провисання механограми тетанусу протягом експерименту, що не дозволяє м’язу досягти оптимального рівня тетанічної сили. Встановлено значне зменшення силової продуктивності m. gastrocnеmius (cap. med.) в алкоголізованих щурів порівняно з неалкоголізованими за умов низькочастотної м’язової втоми. Оцінка змін силової продуктивності m. gastrocnеmius (cap. med.) в алкоголізованих щурів порівняно з неалкоголізованими вказує на синергічну взаємодію хронічної алкогольної інтоксикації та васкулярної ішемії в обмеженні моторної функції. Обговорено синергічний зв’язок алкоголь-асоційованої м’язової атрофії та ішемічного ушкодження м’яких тканин нижніх кінцівок у патогенезі моторної дисфункції.
Оцінка морфологічної мінливості популяцій Rossiulus kessleri (Diplopoda, Julida)
Authors: Pokhylenko A. P.
Published: July 2014

За умов антропогенного навантаження ґрунтова біота однією з перших реагує на зміни середовища існування. Оскільки природний відбір відбувається за фенотипами, важливо, що на урбанізованих територіях адаптації організмів до змін природних факторів можуть бути виявлені фенетичними дослідженнями. Взаємозв’язки між морфометричними характеристиками Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927) виявлено із застосуванням факторного аналізу. Обрано 14 лінійних промірів тіла (а також їх співвідношень) і частин ротового апарату диплопод. Проаналізовано екологічну мінливість популяцій в умовах байрачних і заплавних екосистем Самарського лісу (територія Новомосковського та Кочерезького лісництв) і заказника «Волошанська дача» (урочище «Затишне») Дніпропетровської області. Виявлено морфометричні характеристики, за якими спостерігається статевий диморфізм і максимальна мінливість між популяціями. За результатами більшості промірів особини з популяції Новомосковського лісництва не характеризуються статевим диморфізмом. В умовах заказника «Волошанська дача» статевий диморфізм виявлено за більшістю лінійних промірів (P < 0,001). Під час дослідження популяції Кочерезького лісництва визначено, що самки на 14% ширші за самців (за лінійними промірами тіла) та мають довші антенни. Для популяцій Новомосковського та Кочерезького лісництв майже за всіма зазначеними співвідношеннями виявлено статевий диморфізм. Найнижчий рівень морфологічної мінливості зафіксовано в популяції з Новомосковського лісництва. Результати факторного аналізу масиву даних показали наявність двох груп R. kessleri.
“Relative Rates Method” for Evaluating the Effect of Potential Geological Environmental Change due to Uplift/Erosion to Radionuclide Migration of High-level Radioactive Waste
Authors: Ebashi Takeshi , Kawamura Makoto , Inagaki Manabu , Koo Shigeru , Shibata Masahiro , Itazu Toru , Nakajima Kunihiko , Miyahara Kaname , Apted Michael J
Published: July 2014

We have developed a “Relative Rates Method” to make bounding calculations regarding radionuclide migration due to uplift/erosion (“exhumation”) of a HLW repository. Results show that this method can apply to a wide range of different uplift rates and erosion rates. In addition, for the long time period, it was shown that the relative difference of uplift rate / erosion rate and potential hydraulic change arising from extreme uplift/erosion could affect radionuclide release and migration, thus uplift/erosion concerns should be fed back to site selection. Our method provides a credible and defensible basis for analysis and interpretation of possible uplift/erosion impacts for future volunteer sites.
Diffusion Modeling in Compacted Bentonite Based on Modified Gouy-Chapman Model
Authors: Yotsuji Kenji , Tachi Yukio , Nishimaki Yuichirou
Published: July 2014

The integrated sorption and diffusion (ISD) model has been developed to quantify radionuclide transport in compacted bentonite. The current ISD model, based on averaged pore aperture and the Gouy-Chapman electric double layer (EDL) theory can quantitatively account for diffusion of monovalent cations and anions under a wide range of conditions (e.g., salinity, bentonite density). To improve the applicability of the current ISD model for multivalent ions and complex species, the excluded volume effect and the dielectric saturation effect were incorporated into the current model, and the modified Poisson-Boltzmann equations were numerically solved. These modified models had little effect on the calculation of effective diffusivity of Sr2+/Cs+/I−. On the other hand, the model, modified considering the effective electric charge of hydrated ions, calculated using the Gibbs free energy of hydration, agreed well with the diffusion data including those of Sr2+.
Evolution of corrosion parameters in a buried pilot nuclear waste container in el Cabril
Authors: Andrade Carmen , Briz Samuel , Sanchez Javier , Zuloaga Pablo , Navarro Mariano , Ordoñez Manuel
Published: July 2014

Modern concrete has a record of good performance of around 120 years although there are structures in perfect conservation made with roman concrete (mixture of lime and natural pozzolans). El Cabril repository has a design life of 300-500 years and therefore, it should keep its integrity much longer than the back experience we have on reinforced concrete structures, which makes necessary a closer monitoring with time on the aging of concrete in real conditions. With this purpose, Enresa has designed in collaboration with IETcc and Geocisa the installation of permanent sensors in a pilot nuclear waste container in buried conditions. The sensors were installed in 1995 for monitoring corrosion parameters and have been working until present. The non-destructive tests (NDT) applied are based in electrochemical measurements (corrosion rate, corrosion potential, electrical resistivity, concrete strains, oxygen availability). Relations between the climatic influence, the buried depth and the corrosion parameters are also presented. The results indicate that temperature is a very relevant variable influencing the measurements. All the other parameters evolve according to seasonal changes. Values of activation energies of the resistivity changes are given although it seems more adequate to model the evolution with time by simply plotting the values registered at 20 ± 2 °C.
Towards a more Realistic Experimental Protocol for the Study of Atmospheric Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking in Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Container Materials
Authors: Cook A.B. , Gu B. , Lyon S.B. , Newman R.C. , Engelberg D.L.
Published: July 2014

The occurrence of Atmospheric chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking (AISCC) under wetted deposits of MgCl2 or sea-salt at 70°C has been investigated at various Relative Humidities (RH). The appearance of AISCC is a function of the environmental RH. At 33% RH (the deliquescence point of MgCl2), AISCC generated under MgCl2 or sea-salt deposits is of a similar appearance with regards to the number of cracks produced and average crack length. At 50% RH sea-salt seems to be more aggressive at least in terms of crack frequency. This observation may highlight the significance of carnallite (KMgCl3.6H2O) in promoting AISCC in types 304L and 316L stainless steels. The use of accelerated testing methods to validate apparent thresholds in chloride deposition density and other critical factors that influence the initiation and propagation of AISCC is briefly discussed.
Effects of matrix composition and sample preparation on instant release fractions from high burnup nuclear fuel
Authors: Roth O. , Low J. , Spahiu K.
Published: July 2014

The rapid release of fission products segregated either to the gap between the fuel and the cladding or to the UO2grain boundaries from spent nuclear fuel in contact with water (often referred to as the instant release fraction - IRF) is of interest for the safety assessment of geological repositories for spent fuel due to the potential dose contribution. In September 2012 a study was initiated with the aim of comparing the instant release behavior of fuels with and without additives/dopants. Preliminary results from this (ongoing) study indicate that the release of uranium during the first contact periods was higher than during the tests with fuel segments, even though the fuel was cut open recently [1]. This could be due to the sample preparation method which included axial cutting of the cladding in order to remove the fuel fragments used in the study. In the present work, leaching data from both studies are presented and the releases are discussed comparing the two sample preparation methods and considering the effect of matrix composition. The leaching studies have been performed in air using 10 mM NaCl + 2 mM NaHCO3as leaching solution.
Durability studies of simulated UK high level waste glass
Authors: Ahmad Nor E. , Jones Julian R. , Lee William E.
Published: July 2014

A simulated Magnox glass which is Mg- and Al- rich was subjected to aqueous corrosion in static mode with deionised water at 90 °C for 7-28 days and assessed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy X-Ray Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). XRD revealed both amorphous phase and crystals in the glass structure. The crystals were Ni and Cr rich spinels and ruthenium oxide. After two weeks of incubation in deionised water, the glass surface was covered by a ∼11 μm thick Si-rich layer whilst mobile elements and transition metals like Na, B, and Fe were strongly depleted. The likely corrosion mechanism and in particular the role of Mg and Al in the glass structure are discussed.
Network modelling for road-based faecal sludge management
Authors: Kennedy-Walker Ruth , Holderness Tomas , Alderson David , Evans Barbara , Barr Stuart
Published: July 2014

Improvements in the collection and treatment of sewage are critical to reduce health and environmental hazards in rapidly urbanising informal settlements. Where sewerage infrastructure is not available, road-based faecal sludge management options are often the only alternative. However, the costs of faecal sludge transportation are often a barrier to its implementation and operation and thus it is desirable to optimise travel time from source to treatment to reduce costs. This paper presents a novel technique, employing spatial network analysis, to optimise the spatio-topological configuration of a road-based faecal sludge transportation network on the basis of travel time. Using crowd-sourced spatial data for the Kibera settlement and the surrounding city, Nairobi, a proof-of-concept network model was created simulating the transport of waste from the 158 public toilets within Kibera. The toilets are serviced by vacuum pump trucks which move faecal sludge to a transfer station, and from there a tanker transports waste to a treatment plant. The model was used to evaluate the efficiency of different network configurations, based on transportation time. The results show that the location of the transfer station is a critical factor in network optimisation, demonstrating the utility of network analysis as part of the sanitation planning process.
Study of the Range of Applicability of the Caustics Optical Set-Up for the Stress Intensity Factor Evaluation
Authors: Papadopoulos George A.
Published: July 2014

An experimental set-up of the method of caustics was proposed for the accurate evaluation of stress intensity
factor. The stress intensity factor evaluation was based on a new formula which was based on the caustic shape area. The
new formula was based on the shape area of the caustics. The stress optical constants were evaluated according to the new
formula of the stress intensity factor. The stress optical constants can be calculated by the shape area of the caustics. For
simple and accurate evaluation of the stress intensity factor, the caustic formed by the convergent light beams (caustic (f))
was used. For this caustic, the stress optical constant is cf = ν/E, where ν is the Poisson’s ratio and E is the modulus of
elasticity of the material. The Poisson’s ratio and the modulus of elasticity were evaluated by the method of strain-gauges.
The stress intensity factor must be independent on the z0 (z0 is the distance between reference plane and specimen) and the
magnification ratio λm (λm is dependent on the z0 and zi). Experiments have shown that the stress intensity factor was
changed for deference z0 and λm (deference zi). The accurate value of the stress intensity factor is that which is closed to
theoretical one. So, for a proper experimental set-up (combination of the z0 and zi) the evaluating stress intensity factor
values are accurate and independent of the z0 and zi.
Binary star astrometry with milli and sub-milli arcsecond precision
Authors: Jankov S. , Cvetkovic Z. , Pavlovic R.
Published: July 2014

The past several decades have seen accelerating progress in improving binary
stars fundamental parameters determinations, as new observational techniques
have produced visual orbits of many spectroscopic binaries with a milli
arcsecond precision. Modern astrometry is rapidly approaching the goal of
sub-milli arcsecond precision, and although presently this precision has been
achieved only for a limited number of binary stars, in the near future this
will become a standard for very large number of objects. In this paper we
review the representative results of techniques which have already allowed
the sub-milli arcsecond precision like the optical long baseline
interferometry, as well as the precursor techniques such as speckle
interferometry, adaptive optics and aperture masking. These techniques
provide a step forward from milli to sub-milli arcsecond precision, allowing
even short period binaries to be resolved, and often resulting in orbits
allowing precisions in stellar dynamical masses better than 1%. We point out
that such unprecedented precisions should allow for a significant improvement
of our comprehension of stellar physics and other related astrophysical
topics.
Gaia science alerts and the observing facilities of the Serbian-Bulgarian mini-network telescopes
Authors: Damljanovic G. , Vince O. , Boeva S.
Published: July 2014

The astrometric European Space Agency (ESA) Gaia mission was launched in
December 19, 2013. One of the tasks of the Gaia mission is production of an
astrometric catalog of over one billion stars and more than 500000
extragalactic sources. The quasars (QSOs), as extragalactic sources and radio
emitters, are active galactic nuclei objects (AGNs) whose coordinates are
well determined via Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) technique and
may reach sub-milliarcsecond accuracy. The QSOs are the defining sources of
the quasi-inertial International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) because of
their core radio morphology, negligible proper motions (until
sub-milliarcsecond per year), and apparent point-like nature. Compact AGNs,
visible in optical domain, are useful for a direct link of the future Gaia
optical reference frame with the most accurate radio one. Apart from the
above mentioned activities, Gaia has other goals such as follow-up of
transient objects. One of the most important Gaia's requirements for
photometric alerts is a fast observation and reduction response, that is,
submition of observations within 24 hours. For this reason we have developed
a pipeline. In line with possibilities of our new telescope
(D(cm)/F(cm)=60/600) at the Astronomical Station Vidojevica (ASV, of the
Astronomical Observatory in Belgrade), we joined the Gaia-Follow-Up Network
for Transients Objects (Gaia-FUN-TO) for the photometric alerts. Moreover, in
view of the cooperation with Bulgarian colleagues (in the frst place, SV),
one of us (GD) initiated a local mini-network of Serbian { Bulgarian
telescopes useful for the Gaia-FUN-TO and other astronomical purposes. During
the next year we expect a new 1.4 m telescope at ASV site. The speed of data
processing (from observation to calibration server) could be one day. Here,
we present an overview of our activities in the Gaia-FUN-TO which includes
establishing Serbian { Bulgarian mini-network (of five telescopes at three
sites, ASV in Serbia, Belogradchik and Rozhen in Bulgaria), the Gaia-FUN-TO
test observations, and some results.
Fractional yields inferred from halo and thick disk stars (Serb. Astron. J. - 187 (2013), 19)
Authors: Caimmi R.
Published: July 2014

Due to a wrong sign in a computer code, theoretical yield ratios have been
recalculated. Related changes affect only Figs. 12-13, where theoretical
yield ratios are represented as vertical bands. The correct figures are
provided and differences with respect to the earlier version are mentioned.
Minor corrections are also shown.
Immunolocalization of different neuropeptides in human interthalamic adhaesion indicates its functionality
Authors: Puskas Laslo , Malobabic Slobodan , Lazic Dijana , Todorovic Vera , Aksic Milan , Filipovic Branislav
Published: July 2014

Background/Aim. The interthalamic adhaesion (IA), gray matter connecting both
thalami, is absent in about a quarter of human brains. Controversies are
present about the nature and functional significance of the human IA.
Methods. In six adult human brains we investigated the expression of
different neuropeptides: somatosatin (SOM), neuropeptide Y (NPY), ghrelin,
neurotensin (NT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), substance P (SP) and
L-enkephalin (L-Enk) in neurons and/or neuropil of the IA, using
immunohistochemistry (streptavidin-biotin technique). Results. In neurons, as
well as in fibers, we found immunoreactivity for ghrelin, SOM, L-Enk and NT.
However, reactivity for NPY, SP and ACTH was present only in fibers within
the IA. Fusiform neurons were immunoreactive for SOM, Ghrelin, LEnk, and NT,
neurons with oval perikaryon for SOM, and LEnk, triangular neurons showed
immunoreactivity mainly for NT and multipolar neurons for NT and L-Enk.
Conclusion. These findings can contribute to the understanding of the
function of interthalamic adhaesion, and to resolving the question whether it
is a vestigial structure. No mather if the interthalamic adhaesion is
vestigial structure or not, its presence or absence could be a marker for
other, genetic or functional differences between human brains. Our findings
indicate the presence of certain neuronal organization in the human
interthalamic adhaesion which could have functional significance, and do not
support its vestigial nature.
Women’s demand for late-term abortion: A social or psychiatric issue?
Authors: Nikolic Gordana , Samardzic Ljiljana , Krstic Miroslav
Published: July 2014

Introduction/Aim. Induced termination of unwanted pregnancy after 12th
gestational week (late-term abortion) is legally restricted in Serbia as well
as in many other countries. On the other hand, unwanted pregnancy very often
brings women into the state of personal crisis. Psychiatric indications for
legally approved late-term abortion on women?s demand include only severe
psychiatric disorders. The aim of this paper was to compare sociodemographic,
psychological characteristics and claimed reasons for abortion in the two
groups of women with late-term demand for abortion - the group of women
satisfying legally prescribed mental health indications, and the group of
women not satisfying these indications. The aim of the study was also to
determine predictive validity of the abovementioned parameters for late-term
abortion as the outcome of unwanted pregnancy. Methods. A total of 62
pregnant women with demand for late-term abortion were divided into two
groups according to the criteria of satisfying or not satisfying legally
proposed psychiatric indications for late-term abortion after psychiatric
evaluation. For the assessment of sociodemographic and psychological
parameters sociodemographic questionnaire and symptom checklist - 90 revised
(SCL-90?) scale were used, respectively. The outcome of unwanted pregnancy
was followed 6 months after the initial assessment. Results. The obtained
results showed a statistically significant difference between the groups in
educational level, satisfaction with financial situation, elevated anxiety
and distress reactions. Unfavorable social circumstances were the main reason
for an abortion in both groups and were predictive for an abortion. A 6-month
follow-up showed that women had abortion despite legal restrictions.
Conclusion. Pregnant women with psychiatric indication for late-term abortion
belong to lower socioeconomic and educational level group compared to women
without this indication who have more frequently elevated anxiety and
distress reactions to unwanted pregnancy. It is necessary to have more
accurate guidelines for mental health indications for legally approved
late-term abortion, respecting social circumstances. Preventive measures are
of great importance in order to lower the risk of illegally performed
late-term abortions.
Experimental and clinical use of meshes in urogynecology
Authors: Ignjatovic Ivan , Potic Milan
Published: July 2014

nema
Double-hit primary unilateral adrenal lymphoma with good outcome
Authors: Markovic Olivera , Marisavljevic Dragomir , Jelic Svetlana , Mihaljevic Biljana , Martinovic Tamara , Cemerikic Vesna
Published: July 2014

Introduction. Primary adrenal non-Hodgkin?s lymphoma (NHL) is a rare neoplasm
with poor prognosis. On the other side, double-hit lymphomas with BCL2 and
MYC translocation are characterized by advanced disease stage, extranodal and
central nervous system involvements at presentation or disease progression.
Case report. We reported a 73-year-old male patient with double-hit primary
adrenal lymphoma and preserved adrenal function, showing a favorable clinical
course. Computed tomography of abdomen showed a 9 ?? 7 cm mass of the left
adrenal gland. Laparatomy with left adrenalectomy was done and histological
examination revealed diagnosis of a diffuse large B-cell NHL (DLBCL), non-GCB
subtype. The patient was treated with 6 cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy with
reduced doses of doxorubicin because of the decreased left verticle ejection
fraction. The patient was followed up regularly for 20 months with no
evidence of tumor recurrence despite the inherently poor prognostic profile
and double-hit phenotype of the disease. Conclusion. R-CHOP chemotherapy in
combination with adrenalectomy can be an effective first-line regimen for
primary adrenal DLBCL, despite the inherently poor prognostic profile
(non-GCB subtype, bulky disease, elevated lactate dehydrogenase and
double-hit phenotype of the disease).
Focused Ion Beam nano-patterning from traditional applications to single ion implantation perspectives
Authors: Gierak Jacques
Published: July 2014

In this article we review some fundamentals of the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique based on scanning finely focused beams of gallium ions over a sample to perform direct writing. We analyse the main limitations of this technique in terms of damage generation or local contamination and through selected examples we discuss the potential of this technique in the light of the most sensitive analysis techniques. In particular we analyse the limits of Ga-FIB irradiation for the patterning of III-V heterostructures, thin magnetic layers, artificial defects fabricated onto graphite or graphene and atomically thin suspended membranes. We show that many of these earlypointed “limitations” with appropriate attention and analysis can be valuable for FIB instrument development, avoided, or even turned into decisive advantages. Such new methods transferable to the fabrication of devices or surface functionalities are urgently required in the emerging nanosciences applications and markets.
Ordering free products of groups
Authors: Chiswell I.
Published: July 2014

A method of constructing orders on free products of groups is given, based on work of Botto Mura and Rhemtulla, and of Holland and Medvedev.
Some properties of porouscontinuous functions
Authors: Borsík Ján , Holos Juraj
Published: July 2014

The notion of porouscontinuous function will be introduced on the base of porous set and relations between porouscontinuous, continuous and quasicontinuous functions will be investigated.
Stochastic Analysis of Cylindrical Shell
Authors: Grzywiński Maksym , Pokorska Iwona
Published: July 2014

The paper deals with some chosen aspects of stochastic structural analysis and its application in the engineering practice. The main aim of the study is to apply the generalized stochastic perturbation techniques based on classical Taylor expansion with a single random variable for solution of stochastic problems in structural mechanics. The study is illustrated by numerical results concerning an industrial thin shell structure modeled as a 3-D structure.
Fluid in Rectangular Tank – Frequency Analysis
Authors: Kotrasová Kamila
Published: July 2014

Ground-supported tanks are used to store a variety of liquids. During earthquake activity the liquid exerts impulsive and convective pressures (sloshing) on the walls and bottom of the rectangular tank. This paper provides theoretical background for analytical calculating of circular frequencies and hydrodynamic pressures developed during an earthquake in rectangular container. Analytical results of first natural frequency are compared with experiment.
Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Study of Bloom’s Syndrome Protein (BLM) for Finding Potential Lead Drug Candidate
Authors: Verma Manoj Kumar , Kaushik Vikas
Published: July 2014

Increased levels of locus-specific mutations within the BLM result in development of Bloom Syndrome and patients are found to be immune deficient. HRDC domain amino acid Lys1270 is presumably to play role in mediating interactions with DNA. Single point mutation of Lys1270 (K1270V) reduces the potency of Double Holliday junction (DHJ) DNA unwinding so BLM lead to its functional loss. Quadruplex formation have role in immunoglobulin heavy chain switching and inhibiting RecQ helicases activity in-vitro in BLM. Variety of G-Quadruplex ligands are employed by molecular docking for arriving at lead compound identification. The scoring function of docking results describes protein-ligand interaction and it conjointly instructed that docking of ligand at mutational binding site shows some repressing function to make potential lead drug molecule. So as to know the elaborated purposeful functional mechanism of protein and to relate impact of mutation with function and activity; dock screening, hit identification and lead optimization facilitate in design of lead drug compound.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10086Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 152-159
Physicochemical Analysis and Microbial Diversity of Yamuna Water and Industrial Effluents
Authors: Gupta Poonam , Asthana Monika , Kumar Avnish , Barun Siddhartha
Published: July 2014

Pollution has arisen as a serious environmental concern to the present world after industrialization of human societies. It has severely affected our air, soil and water sources. Looking to its global, national, regional and local dimensions, it is now imperative to check it at each and every level. In the present study, 8 samples (3 Yamuna water samples, 3 tannery effluent samples and 2 textile effluent samples), were collected from different sites of Yamuna and exit points of textile and tannery Industries. Water and effluent samples were analysed for various physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS, hardness, chloride and BOD) using conventional methods. Afterwards these samples were utilized for isolation of the native bacterial species. All the samples were showing higher than the standard values for TDS (500mg/l), hardness (80-100 mg/l), chloride (250mg/l) and BOD (30mg/l). It was observed that the tannery effluents were showing maximum TDS values(1190-1240mg/l), followed by textile effluents (1190 and 1210mg/l) and Yamuna water (530-1180mg/l).Similarly, in case of chloride content, highest concentration range(828.8-1598mg/l)was shown by tannery effluents.  pH value was nearly neutral for Yamuna water, slightly  acidic in case of textile effluents and more acidic for tannery samples. Highest range of hardness values were observed for the tannery effluents (860-880mg/l) followed by textile effluents (760 and 860mg/l). The BOD values were nearly similar for all the samples with maximum values being observed for tannery effluents (42-48 mg/l). Thus it can be inferred that all the samples were highly polluted and need to be treated by suitable methods. There were 11 cultures purified, that could be employed in bioremediation purposes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10352Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 199-205
In Vitro Embryo Production and Transfer of Bubaline Embryos using Oocytes Derived from Transvaginal Ultrasound-Guided Follicular Aspiration (TUFA)
Authors: Aquino FP , Atabay Eufrocina P.
Published: July 2014

Transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration (TUFA) has become a popular tool for embryo production in vitro due to its high degree of repeatability in terms of recovering oocytes from live animals. In Study 1, the quantity and quality of oocytes from Bulgarian Murrah buffalo cows (n=10) of varying ages (Group 1, 8-12; and Group 2, 13-17 years) were assessed. Group 1 buffalo donor cows yielded significantly higher (P<0.05) number of oocytes vs Group 2 buffalo donor cows (71 vs 29 oocytes, respectively), though in terms of oocyte quality, no difference was observed. In Study 2, oocytes collected (n=100) in Study 1 were matured, fertilized in vitro and the resulting zygotes were cultured which developed to blastocyst stage embryos. The maturation, fertilization and blastocyst development rates obtained were 53.0%, 40.0% and 32.5%, respectively. In Study 3, the viability of resulting blastocyst stage embryos was determined by transferring to recipient cows. Of 10 recipients 1 got pregnant and delivered a 35 kg male calf after 310 days gestation period. Overall, the results of the studies conducted demonstrated the potential of TUFA technology in the in vitro production of embryos which eventually could be used in the production of live offspring.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10369Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 180-184
Detection of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Some Stored Medicinal Plant Samples
Authors: Rawat Ashish , Mahajan Surabhi , Gupta Ankur , Agnihotri Rajneesh Kumar , Wahi Nitin , Sharma Rajendra
Published: July 2014

A total forty samples of eight different medicinal plants were taken for the detection of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins. The fungal mycroflora comprises of six different fungal species belonging to three genera. A. niger, Mucor species, A. flavus and Rhizopus species dominate other fungal species isolated. Among ten samples of different medicinal plants which were contaminated with A. flavus was further analysed for mycotoxins potential. Four of them shows positive results for mytoxins potential.  Although the presence of toxigenic fungi in a product did not imply the presence  of  mycotoxins in the product, their presence represents a potential risks of contamination with mycotoxins. Therefore, these medicinal plants should be carefully stored and the growth of the naturally found toxic fungi should be inhibited. Beside that, these medicinal plants must be tested for the presence of  mycotoxins present prior to their use.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i2.10457Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(2): 211-216  Keywords: Medicinal plants; Mycroflora; Toxigenic fungi; Mycotoxins.
Trends and in-hospital mortality of Acute Coronary Syndrome at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal during 2001-2012
Authors: Adhikari Chandra Mani , Sharma Deewakar , Malla Rabi , Rajbhandari Sujeeb , Raut Roshan , Baidya Sajan , Dhungana Murari , Prajapati Dipanker , KC Man Bahadur
Published: July 2014

Background and aims: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which comprises acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina is a major health problem and represents a large number of hospitalizations annually worldwide. We aim to describe pattern of the ACS admission and in-hospital mortality at tertiary national heart centre of the country. Methods: A hospital database was used to analyze all 7424 patients admitted in coronary care unit of the centre for ACS from September 2001 till December 2012. We evaluated trend of ACS admission and in-hospital mortality. Results: Five thousand three hundred ninety one (72.6%) were male and two thousand thirty three (27.4%) were female. Patient of 21years to 98 years were admitted for ACS .Four thousand five hundred and ninety nine(61.9%) patient were admitted due to ST elevation myocardial infarction, whereas one thousand nine hundred and thirteen (25.8%) were admitted for Unstable angina and nine hundred twelve (12.3%) were admitted for Non ST elevation myocardial infarction. In-hospital mortality was 5.74% for acute coronary syndrome. There was significant difference in in-hospital mortality between ST elevation myocardial infarction (7.76%), Non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (3.61%) and Unstable Angina (1.88%).There is a gradual increase in Primary Percutaneous Coronary intervention as a mode of reperfusion therapy whereas there is a decrease in the rate of thrombolysis. Conclusion: Our study provides us some important information about the trend and in-hospital mortality rate in national heart centre. Though it is a single centre study can provide us the insight of the ACS outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v3i1.10698 Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2014;03(01):23-26
Endoscopic en bloc resection of an esophageal leiomyoma
Authors: Shrestha Umid Kumar
Published: July 2014

No Abstract AvailableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v3i1.10700  Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2014;03(01):28-29
HIV Cure: Are we there yet?
Authors: Khanal Suman
Published: July 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v3i1.10705  Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2014;03(01):46
Editorial
Authors: Sheller Mimi , Mom Gijs
Published: July 2014

Th is issue sheds new light on one of the classic concerns of mobility studies: transitions in forms of personal transportation. Mobility transitions are arguably one of the key issues of the twenty-first century, as societies around the world face the pressing questions of climate change mitigation and adaptation. A better understanding of recent and historical transitions not only in vehicle technologies but also in urban forms could be crucial to guiding future transition dynamics. At the same time, a deeper appreciation of historical transitions in transportation can also inform how we think about the present: what methods we use, what factors we take into consideration, and what theoretical perspectives we employ.
Transitioning to a Low Carbon Society? The Case of Personal Transportation and Urban Form in Copenhagen
Authors: Pineda Andrés Felipe Valderrama , Vogel Nina
Published: July 2014

Our objective is to account for the transitions in urban form and personal transportation in Copenhagen since 1947. Sustainability objectives are currently framed as efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. Urban transportation is a key area of intervention. In public debates, political parties, experts, and citizens make assertions about what is possible by referring to past experiences. Our contribution is to explore the official histories of Copenhagen in order to account for the transitions in mobility during the last six decades. We make a critical application of the multilevel perspective (MLP), which is the most used theory to study transitions. Our application is critical because the context of urban mobility necessarily includes a discussion of urban form development; therefore, we suggest ways in which the MLP should be adjusted in order to account for the historical dynamics evidenced in the empirical material collected for this study.
A City for Woody Allen? The New Banks of the Seine in Paris, a Product of Rootless Sociology and City Planning
Authors: Flonneau Mathieu
Published: July 2014

June 2013 saw the completion of a project to transform the riverside expressway on the Left Bank of the Seine in Paris into a pedestrian promenade, accompanied by a series of leisure and recreation features. This article critiques that project as a purely cosmetic measure for the prestigious city centre, decrying both its underlying ideology and its unintended consequences, and raising questions concerning the new urban quality of life and the moralization of mobilities.
The Migrant Experience
Authors: Feys Torsten
Published: July 2014

Red Star Line Museum, Montevideostraat 3, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
Admission: €8 adults; €6 groups; free for children under 12 and and school groups
http://www.redstarline.be/en
Open since September 2013
Radiographic absence of the posterior communicating arteries and the prediction of cognitive dysfunction after carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Sussman Eric S. , Kellner Christopher P. , Mergeche Joanna L. , Bruce Samuel S. , McDowell Michael M. , Heyer Eric J. , Connolly E. Sander
Published: July 2014

Object

Approximately 25% of patients exhibit cognitive dysfunction 24 hours after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). One of the purported mechanisms of early cognitive dysfunction (eCD) is hypoperfusion due to inadequate collateral circulation during cross-clamping of the carotid artery. The authors assessed whether poor collateral circulation within the circle of Willis, as determined by preoperative CT angiography (CTA) or MR angiography (MRA), could predict eCD.

Methods

Patients who underwent CEA after preoperative MRA or CTA imaging and full neuropsychometric evaluation were included in this study (n = 42); 4 patients were excluded due to intraoperative electroencephalographic changes and subsequent shunt placement. Thirty-eight patients were included in the statistical analyses. Patients were stratified according to posterior communicating artery (PCoA) status (radiographic visualization of at least 1 PCoA vs of no PCoAs). Variables with p < 0.20 in univariate analyses were included in a stepwise multivariate logistic regression model to identify predictors of eCD after CEA.

Results

Overall, 23.7% of patients exhibited eCD. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, radiographic absence of both PCoAs was the only independent predictor of eCD (OR 9.64, 95% CI 1.43–64.92, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

The absence of both PCoAs on preoperative radiographic imaging is predictive of eCD after CEA. This finding supports the evidence for an underlying ischemic etiology of eCD. Larger studies are justified to verify the findings of this study. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00597883 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Cell-mediated allergy to cerebral aneurysm clip causing extensive cerebral edema
Authors: Tan Terence , Tee Jin W. , Han Tiew F.
Published: July 2014

The authors report the first case of vasogenic cerebral edema due to a cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction to a nickel-containing aneurysm clip. The patient initially presented for elective clipping of a right middle cerebral artery aneurysm, and on long-term follow-up she demonstrated relapsing-remitting cerebral edema. Four years post–aneurysm clipping, she underwent an exploratory craniotomy given unsuccessful conservative management of her headaches and imaging evidence of cerebral edema with mass effect. During surgery, gross parenchymal edema and inflammatory nodules were observed. Histopathology was consistent with a cell-mediated (Type IV) hypersensitivity reaction. Concerns regarding nickel allergy are often reported in the cardiac literature. This case highlights the possibility of nickel hypersensitivity when using nickel-containing aneurysm clips, especially in patients with known nickel allergies.