bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Austria: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: JENNY MARCELO , HOFER SIMON
Published: November 2022

This entry includes data on changes in national government composition, party leadership changes and parliamentary composition in Austria in 2021, as well as election results from a subnational election. It covers the Austrian coalition government between the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and the Greens, led by Sebastian Kurz, in the second year of handling the Covid‐19 pandemic. Judicial and parliamentary investigations of politicians and Cabinet officials from the Austrian People's Party, including Federal Chancellor and ÖVP party leader Kurz, resulted in the latter's retreat from politics. Over the course of the year, the federal government was led by three different Federal Chancellors from the ÖVP.
Diagnostic accuracy for self‐reported methamphetamine use versus oral fluid test as the reference standard in a methamphetamine‐dependent intervention trial population
Authors: Carter Gregory , Spittal Matthew J. , Glowacki Linda , Gerostamoulos Dimitri , Dietze Paul , Sinclair Barbara , Arunogiri Shalini , Berk Michael , Lubman Dan I. , Manning Victoria , Higgs Peter , Quinn Brendan , Baker Amanda , Dean Olivia M. , Turner Alyna , McKetin Rebecca
Published: November 2022

Aims

Treatment of methamphetamine dependence requires monitoring of recent use or abstinence. Self‐report is commonly used for routine monitoring, but the accuracy of self‐report is not established. For the treating clinician, the key accuracy statistic is the negative predictive value (NPV). The study aim was to estimate the NPV of self‐reported non‐use of methamphetamine compared with an oral fluid reference standard.

Design, Setting and Participants

This study was a secondary (subgroup) analysis from a randomized controlled pharmacotherapy trial. Three Australian outpatient addiction services took part. Particpants were 139 people dependent on methamphetamine.

Measurements

Weekly oral fluid samples over 12 weeks to determine methamphetamine (and amphetamine) concentrations were used as the reference standard. Self‐report of any methamphetamine use in the previous 7 days by the time‐line follow‐back method was the index test. Standard diagnostic accuracy statistics were calculated for all available paired episodes (n = 1134). Three NPV values were calculated: unadjusted NPV and NPV adjusted for clustering of observations through logistic regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE). We also calculated the NPVs for a range of prevalence rates of methamphetamine use, for the calculated levels of sensitivity and specificity.

Findings

Sensitivity was 96.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 95–97.5], specificity was 63.7% (95% CI = 57.3–69.8) and positive predictive value (PPV) was 90.8% (95% CI = 88.8–92.6). The unadjusted NPV was 82.7% (95% CI = 76.5–87.9), adjusted NPV by logistic regression 82.7% (95% CI = 73.9–91.5) and GEE 76.8% (95% CI = 66.8–86.8). At a methamphetamine use prevalence of 5%, the estimated NPV would be 99.7% (95% CI = 99.6–99.9) and at 95% prevalence, 48.2% (95% CI = 39.6–57.0).

Conclusions

Self‐report of no recent methamphetamine use appears to be sufficiently accurate to be clinically useful at the expected prevalence rates of methamphetamine use in clinical treatment settings. If generalizable to clinical settings, where these tests are routinely conducted, this may permit a reduction in the frequency and cost of oral fluid assays.
Does loving‐kindness meditation elicit empathic emotions? The moderating role of self‐discrepancy and self‐esteem on guilt
Authors: Carrero Isabel , Martínez de Ibarreta Carlos , Valor Carmen , Merino Amparo
Published: November 2022

Our understanding of the emotions elicited by loving‐kindness meditation (LKM) at early stages of practice is limited, despite the influence that these emotions may have on later engagement. Past work suggests that LKM may elicit emotional ambivalence at early stages of the practice, but it is still unclear whether the content of LKM activates this ambivalence and who is more likely to experience it. Given the specific content of LKM, we defend that this meditation is likely to elicit empathetic emotions, both positive (compassion and gratitude) and negative (guilt), to a greater extent than an active control. Guilt is likely to be elicited by memories of incidents where naïve meditators were not able to experience compassion and/or by the difficulties in sending compassionate love to disliked others during the meditation. Furthermore, individuals with greater self‐discrepancy and lower self‐esteem are more likely to experience guilt. These hypotheses were tested in two experimental studies with community and student samples (n = 55 and n = 33, respectively) and using a brief intervention. The results support the hypotheses. These findings have implications for instructors of LKM, especially when organizing meditation practices with naïve meditators who should be aware of the potential negative emotions elicited by this meditation.
Questioning quotation: Writing about interview experiences without using quotes
Authors: Bissell David
Published: November 2022

It is expected that we present participant quotes when writing up qualitative interview research. Yet doing so carries the risk of making our participants' lives seem too neat and can give the misplaced illusion that we have easily made sense of their situation. This paper explores other ways that we might work with interviews that are more sensitive to the complexities of interview encounters themselves. Through reflection on an interview with a rideshare driver that challenged my interpretive capacities, I explore other ways of writing up interviews that do not use quotes. The paper invites us to consider occasions where it might be more advantageous to produce a narrative description of what it was like to do the interview itself, or to write a narrative response to the interview.
Design, synthesis, and modelling study of new 1,2,3‐triazole/chalcone hybrids with antiproliferative action as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
Authors: Maghraby Mohamed T.‐E. , Salem Ola I. A. , Youssif Bahaa G. M. , Sheha Mahmoud M.
Published: November 2022

A novel series of 1,2,3‐triazole/chalcone hybrids 6a–n was designed and synthesized using a molecular hybridization approach to develop a new cytotoxic agent capable of targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and/or BRAF. The antiproliferative effect of the novel hybrids was investigated against four cancer cells using doxorubicin as a reference. Hybrids 6a, 6d, 6f–h, and 6n have the highest antiproliferative activity (IC50 values 0.95–1.80 μM) compared to doxorubicin (IC50 1.14 μM). The most potent antiproliferative derivative, compound 6d, was also the most potent EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.09 ± 0.05 μM, which is comparable to the reference Erlotinib (IC50 = 0.05 ± 0.03 μM). 6d has modest BRAF inhibitory action with an IC50 of 0.90 ± 0.10 μM. The findings were also related to molecular docking studies, which provided models of strong interactions with the EGFR‐TK domain for the inhibitors. In cell cycle analysis, hybrid 6d caused a cell cycle arrest at the G1 transition phase.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel ruxolitinib and baricitinib analogues for potential use against COVID‐19
Authors: Lin Qin , Li Jun , Wang Yinping , Zang Jie
Published: November 2022

The coronavirus pandemic known as COVID‐19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, threatens public health worldwide. Approval of COVID‐19 vaccines and antiviral drugs have greatly reduced the severe cases and mortality rate. However, the continuous mutations of viruses are challenging the efficacies of vaccines and antiviral drugs. A drug repurposing campaign has identified two JAK1/2 inhibitors ruxolitinib and baricitinib as potential antiviral drugs. Ruxolitinib and baricitinib exert dual antiviral effect by modulation of inflammatory response via JAK1/2 and inhibition of viral entry via AAK1 and GAK. Inspired by this, in an effort to diversify chemical space, three analogues ((R)‐8, (S)‐8, and 9) of ruxolitinib and baricitinb were made using a scaffold hopping strategy. Compound 9 displayed potent and comparable potencies against AAK1, JAK1, and JAK2 compared to baricitinib. Notably, compound 9 showed better selectivity for AAK1, JAK1, and JAK2 over GAK. Besides, compound 9 displayed good druglikeness according to Lipinski's and Veber's rule. We thereby identified a potential lead compound 9, which might be used for the further development of anti‐coronaviral therapy.
Histopathological features of pemphigoid gestationis and polymorphic eruption of pregnancy: A blinded retrospective comparative study of 31 cases
Authors: Baban Farah , Xie Fangyi , Lehman Julia S. , Theiler Regan , Todd Austin , Davis Dawn M. , Johnson Emma F.
Published: November 2022

Background

Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) and polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP) are pregnancy‐related dermatoses. Definitive diagnosis often relies upon histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). PG is associated with fetal and neonatal risks, while PEP confers minimal risk.

Objective

We aimed to compare histopathologic features to determine key differentiators.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of PG and PEP cases, with accompanying DIF, conducted from 1995 to 2020. Skin biopsies were examined independently in a blinded fashion by two dermatopathologists for a list of histopathological features.

Results

Twenty‐one cases of PG and 10 cases of PEP were identified. PG had significantly denser eosinophils than PEP (mean 155 vs. 48 cells/5 hpf; p < 0.018). PG was also noted to have eosinophilic spongiosis and eosinophils at the dermal–epidermal junction more frequently compared to PEP (80% PG vs. 10% PEP; p < 0.001). A mean cutoff value of 86 eosinophils and a mean optimal sensitivity and specificity of 81% and 83%, respectively, for eosinophils density's diagnostic power of PEP versus PG were achieved. Subepithelial separation was exclusively seen in PG (40% vs. 0%; p < 0.007).

Conclusion

Eosinophilic spongiosis, eosinophilic epitheliotropism, and dense superficial dermal eosinophils were diagnostic of PG. Given overlapping clinicopathologic features, however, DIF results with clinicopathologic correlation, remain the gold standard.
Fast adjustment of pace‐of‐life and risk‐taking to changes in food quality by altered gene expression in house mice
Authors: Prabh Neel , Linnenbrink Miriam , Jovicic Milan , Guenther Anja
Published: November 2022

The pace‐of‐life syndrome hypothesis provides a framework for the adaptive integration of behaviour, physiology and life history between and within species. It suggests that behaviours involving a risk of death or injury should co‐vary with a higher allocation to fast reproduction. Empirical support for this hypothesis is mixed, presumably because important influencing factors such as environmental variation, are usually neglected. By experimentally manipulating food quality of wild mice living under semi‐natural conditions for three generations, we show that individuals adjust their life history strategies and risk‐taking behaviours as well as trait covariation (Nindividuals = 1442). These phenotypic differences are correlated to differences in transcriptomic gene expression of primary metabolic processes in the liver while no changes in gene frequencies occurred. Our discussion emphasises the need to integrate the role of environmental conditions and phenotypic plasticity in shaping relationships among behaviour, physiology and life history in response to changing environmental conditions.
Low genetic diversity, local‐scale structure, and distinct genetic integrity of Korean chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) at the species range margin suggest a priority for conservation efforts
Authors: Jang Ji Eun , Kim Ju Kyoung , Yoon Seung‐Min , Lee Hwang‐Goo , Lee Wan‐Ok , Kang Ji Hyoun , Lee Hyuk Je
Published: November 2022

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is an ecologically and economically important species widely distributed across the North Pacific Ocean. However, the population size of this fishery resource has declined globally. Identifying genetic integrity, diversity and structure, and phylogenetic relationships of wild populations of O. keta over an entire species' range is central for developing its effective conservation and management plans. Nevertheless, chum salmon from the Korean Peninsula, which are comprised of its southwestern range margins, have been overlooked. By using mtDNA control region and 10 microsatellite loci, we here assessed the genetic diversity and structure for 16 populations, including 10 wild and six hatchery populations, encompassing the species entire geographic range in South Korea. The analyses showed that genetic diversity is significantly higher for wild than for hatchery populations. Both marker sets revealed significant genetic differentiation between some local populations. Comparisons of six wild and their respective hatchery populations indicated that allele/haplotype frequencies considerably differ, perhaps due to a strong founder effect and/or homogenizing of hatchery populations for stocking practice. Despite its single admixed gene pool for the Korean chum salmon, some local populations housing their own unique lineages should be accorded with a high priority to safeguard their genetic integrities. The results of our comparative analyses of the Korean population with other North Pacific chum salmons (inhabiting regions of Japan, Russia, and North America) revealed a lower diversity but higher contribution to the overall species‐level genetic diversity, and also its unique genetic integrity. These findings advocate for the evolutionary significance of the Korean population for species‐level conservation.
Global epidemiology of factor XI deficiency: A targeted review of the literature and foundation reports
Authors: Zhang Xinruo , Lewandowska Magdalena , Aldridge Molly , Iglay Kristy , Wolford Eric , Shapiro Amy
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Hereditary factor XI (FXI) deficiency is a rare coagulation disorder that may result in excessive bleeding requiring intervention to restore haemostasis.

Aim

The aim of this review was to report the current knowledge of the worldwide incidence and prevalence of FXI deficiency.

Methods

A targeted PubMed search using terms related to FXI deficiency was conducted to identify studies published from April 2002 through April 2022. A manual search supplemented the electronic search. Studies were eligible for data abstraction if they reported population‐based incidence proportions/rates or prevalence proportions for FXI deficiency.

Results

The electronic and manual searches returned 253 publications. After applying exclusion criteria, seven publications were included in the analysis, including a global report from the World Federation of Haemophilia (WFH). Six publications provided information on the prevalence of FXI deficiency that included 74 countries and regions. The estimated prevalence of FXI in the WFH report ranged from 0/100,000 in several countries to 55.85/100,000 individuals in the United Kingdom. Prevalence estimates in the PubMed findings ranged from .1 to 246.2/1,000,000 inhabitants with varying methods of case identification and time periods of analysis. One study estimated the incidence of FXI deficiency in Yecla, Spain at 2% of blood donors and .09% of hospital inpatients/outpatients with activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests.

Conclusion

FXI deficiency is rare across the world, but additional steps could be taken to improve incidence and prevalence estimation, for example, development of a consistent FXI deficiency definition and incorporating genetic testing into a clinical routine to better identify and characterise cases.
Increase of mast cells in COVID‐19 pneumonia may contribute to pulmonary fibrosis and thrombosis
Authors: Wismans Leonoor V , Lopuhaä Boaz , de Koning Willem , Moeniralam Hazra , van Oosterhout Matthijs , Ambarus Carmen , Hofman Frederik N , Kuiken Thijs , Endeman Henrik , Mustafa Dana A M , von der Thüsen Jan H
Published: November 2022

Aims

Lung tissue from COVID‐19 patients shares similar histomorphological features with chronic lung allograft disease, also suggesting activation of autoimmune‐related pathways in COVID‐19. To more clearly understand the underlying spectrum of pathophysiology in COVID‐19 pneumonia, we analysed mRNA expression of autoimmune‐related genes in post‐mortem lung tissue from COVID‐19 patients.

Methods and results

Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded lung tissue samples of 18 COVID‐19 patients and eight influenza patients were used for targeted gene expression profiling using NanoString technology. Multiplex immunofluorescence for tryptase and chymase was applied for validation. Genes related to mast cells were significantly increased in COVID‐19. This finding was strengthened by multiplex immunofluorescence also showing a significant increase of tryptase‐ and chymase‐positive cells in COVID‐19. Furthermore, receptors for advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) and pro‐platelet basic protein (PPBP) were up‐regulated in COVID‐19 compared to influenza. Genes associated with Type I interferon signalling showed a significant correlation to detected SARS‐CoV2 pathway‐related genes. The comparison of lung tissue samples from both groups based on the presence of histomorphological features indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome did not result in finding any specific gene or pathways.

Conclusion

Two separate means of measuring show a significant increase of mast cells in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected lung tissue compared to influenza. Additionally, several genes involved in fibrosis and thrombosis, among which are RAGE and PPBP, are up‐regulated in COVID‐19. As mast cells are able to induce thrombosis and fibrosis, they may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19.
The multi‐step process optimisation of candied kidney beans with high nutrients and γ‐aminobutyric acid retention
Authors: Xiao Tianzhen , Wang Zhonglei , Ma Yuling , Wang Aixia , Chen Zhiying , Wang Lili , Wang Fengzhong , Tong Li‐Tao
Published: November 2022

The candied kidney bean contains a vital bioactive compound called γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), which could be easily lost in the traditional producing processes like soaking, cooking and candying. The traditional procedure distinctly decreased the GABA content to the GABA retention rate of 34.01% in the candied kidney bean. In this study, the optimum technological methods of soaking, cooking and candying were determined by single factor experiment according to the GABA content. The optimised producing condition was that the kidney bean was soaked at 55°C for 5 h, followed by atmospheric steaming for 35 min and then subjected to microwaving candying at 150 W for 25 min. By the optimal procedure, the GABA content retention reached 75.33%. Meanwhile, the texture, nutrient contents and antioxidant capacity were obviously improved in the candied kidney beans produced by the optimal methods.
Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 modulates the metamorphosis and reproduction of Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Li Chengjun , Wang Youwei , Ge Runting , Zhang Ling , Du Huanyu , Zhang Jiangyan , Li Bin , Chen Keping
Published: November 2022

Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) is necessary for ribosome biogenesis and translation, but eIF6 has been poorly elucidated in insects. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that eIF6 originated from one ancestral gene among animals and exhibited specific duplication in Tribolium, yielding three homologues in Tribolium castaneum, eIF6, eIF6‐like 1 (eIF6l1), and eIF6‐like 2 (eIF6l2). It was found that eIF6 was highly expressed in the embryonic and early adult stages, eIF6l1 had peak expression at the adult stage, and eIF6l2 showed peak expression in late adults of T. castaneum. Tissue‐specific analyses in late‐stage larvae demonstrated that eIF6 was abundantly expressed in all tissues, while eIF6l1 and eIF6l2 had the highest expression in the gut and the lowest expression in the head of T. castaneum. Knockdown of eIF6 caused precocious pupation and eclosion, impaired ovary and testis development and completely repressed egg production. The expression levels of vitellogenin 1 (Vg1), Vg2 and Vg receptor (VgR) significantly decreased in ds‐eIF6 females 5 days post‐adult emergence. Silencing eIF6 activated ecdysteroid biosynthesis and juvenile hormone degradation but reduced the activity of insulin signalling in T. castaneum, which might mediate its roles in metamorphosis, reproduction and gene expression regulation. However, silence of eIF6l1 or eIF6l2 had no effects on metamorphosis and reproduction in T. castaneum. This study provides comprehensive information for eIF6 evolution and function in the insect.
Changes in myocardial work associated with pediatric kidney transplantation: A pilot study of short‐term postoperative effect
Authors: Xiao Fei , Fan Rui , Zhang Jingwei , Ye Min , Li Wei , Liu Donghong , Liu Longshan , Yao Fengjuan , Lin Hong , Li Cuiling
Published: November 2022

The study was mainly to evaluate the changes of left ventricular (LV) myocardial work (MW) in children with CKD stage 5 within 3 months after kidney transplantation (KTx). Forty‐three successful KTx recipients (mean age 10.6 years, 58% male) in childhood and 28 healthy children were enrolled. General clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters were collected. Cardiac structure, function, and LV MW were assessed by echocardiography before and after KTx. The results showed that significantly improvement was observed in LV global MW index (GWI), constructive MW (GCW), and wasted MW (GWW) (p < .01), but not in MW efficiency (GWE) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) (p > .05). Besides, blood pressure (BP), renal graft function, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and LV mass index (LVMi) had obviously improved after KTx (p < .05). Nevertheless, compared with healthy children, higher BP, LVMi, GWW, more deteriorated LV diastolic function and lower GWE were still observed in patients after KTx. The ratio of dialysis duration to CKD course were negatively correlated with the improvements of GWE (p = .004), GWI (p = .01), and GCW (p = .01). In conclusion, a portion of LV MW parameters were obviously improved in children received KTx. Thus, LV MW was superior to GLS in evaluating LV systolic function recovery in these patients. Those patients with insignificant MW improvement should be closely monitored, and adjusted the treatment strategies timely to avoid serious and irreversible myocardial injury after KTx.
Safety and effectiveness of dulaglutide 0.75 mg in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes in real‐world clinical practice: 36 month post‐marketing observational study
Authors: Chin Rina , Nagaoka Soshi , Nakasawa Haru , Tanaka Yoko , Inagaki Nobuya
Published: November 2022

Aims/Introduction

This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes in the real‐world setting in Japan.

Materials and Methods

This prospective, observational post‐marketing surveillance study was conducted for 36 months (July 2016 to July 2021) in Japan. Investigators reported data via an electronic data capture system. Data were analyzed by overall population and age group (<65, ≥65 to <75, and ≥75 years).

Results

The analysis population (N = 3,136) included 1,538 (49.04%), 869 (27.71%), and 729 (23.25%) patients aged <65 years, ≥65 to <75 years, and ≥75 years, respectively. Overall, 231 patients (7.37%) experienced ≥1 adverse drug reactions, with the highest frequency in the ≥75 years group. The most common adverse drug reactions were gastrointestinal disorders (n = 106; 3.38%). Severe hypoglycemia (n = 4; 0.13%), major adverse cardiovascular events (n = 4; 0.13%), and acute pancreatitis (n = 1; 0.03%) were uncommon. The mean glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight were reduced from baseline by −0.76% and −1.6 kg, respectively (last observation carried forward). The rate of dulaglutide continuation at 36 months was 58.03% overall and 59.43%, 63.13%, and 48.88% in the <65, ≥65 to <75, and ≥75 years groups, respectively. A factor analysis showed age ≥65 years was associated with a greater incidence of gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions as well as larger reductions in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight.

Conclusions

The current real‐world data are in accordance with clinical trial findings and further confirm the safety and effectiveness of dulaglutide for elderly patients, whose numbers were limited in the clinical trials.
Sociality, ecology and developmental constraints predict variation in brain size across birds
Authors: Hardie Jasmine L. , Cooney Christopher R.
Published: November 2022

Conflicting theories have been proposed to explain variation in relative brain size across the animal kingdom. Ecological theories argue that the cognitive demands of seasonal or unpredictable environments have selected for increases in relative brain size, whereas the ‘social brain hypothesis’ argues that social complexity is the primary driver of brain size evolution. Here, we use a comparative approach to test the relative importance of ecology (diet, foraging niche and migration), sociality (social bond, cooperative breeding and territoriality) and developmental mode in shaping brain size across 1886 bird species. Across all birds, we find a highly significant effect of developmental mode and foraging niche on brain size, suggesting that developmental constraints and selection for complex motor skills whilst foraging generally imposes important selection on brain size in birds. We also find effects of social bonding and territoriality on brain size, but the direction of these effects do not support the social brain hypothesis. At the same time, we find extensive heterogeneity among major avian clades in the relative importance of different variables, implying that the significance of particular ecological and social factors for driving brain size evolution is often clade‐ and context‐specific. Overall, our results reveal the important and complex ways in which ecological and social selection pressures and developmental constraints shape brain size evolution across birds.
Bailouts and the modeling of bank distress
Authors: Galil Koresh , Samuel Margalit , Shapir Offer Moshe , Wagner Wolf
Published: November 2022

In this article, we develop a model for predicting distress events among large banks. We show that a bailout possibility induces different behaviors among small and large banks, and the proposed failure prediction model for large banks is thus considerably different from that for small banks. Major bank‐level fundamentals show opposite conjecture directions for large versus small banks. The Tier 1 capital ratio, which is under the scrutiny of regulators and investors, has almost no distress prediction power among large banks. However, banks rescued by governments tend to maintain a lower Tier 1 ratio. The cost of funding in large banks is negatively correlated with the probability of failure, reflecting the fact that lenders internalize the too‐big‐to‐fail (TBTF) policy and demand a lower interest rate from TBTF banks.
An evaluation of the feasibility of implementing the BeWEL lifestyle intervention programme for people at increased risk of colorectal cancer – from research to real life
Authors: Anderson Annie S. , Donaghy Claire , Lamb Ross , Steele Robert J. C. , Moug Susan
Published: November 2022

Background

The BeWEL randomised controlled trial (RCT) of weight loss in people with colorectal adenomas demonstrated that a significant proportion of people are interested in lifestyle interventions (49%) and clinically relevant changes in body weight were achieved at 12‐month follow‐up. The current work aimed to assess the feasibility of the BeWEL programme invitation and delivery in a nonresearch setting to assess whether the original results could be replicated.

Methods

The original BeWel programme was modified through the provision of verbal introductions (vs. letter), requirement for people to contact BeWEL team (vs. BeWEL team contacting them), community delivery (vs. home), duration (12 weeks vs. 12 months) and two intervention visits (vs. 3) and inclusion of people with predisposition to colorectal cancer. Eligible people were informed about the BeWel programme from National Health Service (NHS) staff after colonoscopy procedures and invited to contact a dedicated Bowel Cancer UK lifestyle team.

Results

Findings demonstrated that programme uptake (10.6% vs. 33%) and retention (71% vs. 93%) was significantly lower than that obtained from the BeWEL RCT. For people who participated in the 3‐month programme (n = 21), self‐reported weight loss (mean: −7% body weight) was successful, and the programme was well received.

Conclusions

The current approach to engaging clients with the BeWEL programme is unsustainable. Reliance on busy NHS staff to deliver invitations and the need for people to contact the delivery team (due to data protection) may have impacted on uptake. Alternative approaches to supporting weight management in this population should be explored further.
Falls of newborn infants in a New Zealand hospital: A case series
Authors: Mitchell Edwin A , Rajay Aakash , Freeman Lesa , McIntosh Christine
Published: November 2022

Aim

The fall of a newborn baby to the hospital floor is a devastating experience for the family and staff caring for the mother and baby. The aim of this study was to report our experience in an ethnically diverse and socioeconomically disadvantaged community.

Methods

The study was a retrospective case series of all baby falls in the Counties Manukau Health (New Zealand) post‐natal care wards, birthing suites and birthing units from 2015 to 2018. Information from the incident reporting system was used to identify the circumstances surrounding the fall. In addition, medical records of the mother and the baby were examined for the admission during which the fall occurred.

Results

There were 32 cases (rate 12.1/10 000 live births). Mothers of babies who fell were more likely to present late for antenatal care, to smoke and be obese. They were more likely to have delivered by caesarean. Falls were more likely to occur at night and around weekends. In most instances (84%) the mother fell asleep with baby on the bed while breastfeeding. There were no major injuries.

Conclusions

The rate of baby falls is considerably greater than previous reports. Recommendations are made to reduce this occurrence. These can be incorporated into safe sleep education.
European College of Equine Internal Medicine consensus statement on equine flaviviridae infections in Europe
Authors: Cavalleri Jessika‐M. V. , Korbacska‐Kutasi Orsolya , Leblond Agnès , Paillot Romain , Pusterla Nicola , Steinmann Eike , Tomlinson Joy
Published: November 2022

Horses and other equids can be infected with several viruses of the family Flaviviridae, belonging to the genus Flavivirus and Hepacivirus. This consensus statement focuses on viruses with known occurrence in Europe, with the objective to summarize the current literature and formulate clinically relevant evidence‐based recommendations regarding clinical disease, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The viruses circulating in Europe include West Nile virus, tick‐borne encephalitis virus, Usutu virus, Louping ill virus and the equine hepacivirus. West Nile virus and Usutu virus are mosquito‐borne, while tick‐borne encephalitis virus and Louping ill virus are tick‐borne. The natural route of transmission for equine hepacivirus remains speculative. West Nile virus and tick‐borne encephalitis virus can induce encephalitis in infected horses. In the British Isle, rare equine cases of encephalitis associated with Louping ill virus are reported. In contrast, equine hepacivirus infections are associated with mild acute hepatitis and possibly chronic hepatitis. Diagnosis of flavivirus infections is made primarily by serology, although cross‐reactivity occurs. Virus neutralization testing is considered the gold standard to differentiate between flavivirus infections in horses. Hepacivirus infection is detected by serum or liver RT‐PCR. No direct antiviral treatment against flavi‐ or hepacivirus infections in horses is currently available and thus, treatment is supportive. Three vaccines against West Nile virus are licensed in the European Union. Geographic expansion of flaviviruses pathogenic for equids should always be considered a realistic threat, and it would be beneficial if their detection was included in surveillance programs.
Addictive smartphone use in the elderly: relationship with depression, anxiety and sleep quality
Authors: Karaş Hakan , Küçükparlak İlker , Özbek Melih Gökçek , Yılmaz Taner
Published: November 2022

Background

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between addictive smartphone use (ASU) and depressive symptoms, anxiety and sleep quality in elderly adults.

Methods

The study sample included smartphone users over the age of 65 years. The research data were obtained from social networking sites via a Google survey link. In addition to filling out a sociodemographic data form, the participants were also assessed with Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Geriatric Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index tools.

Results

The correlation analysis revealed the SAS score to be positively correlated with depression and anxiety, and negatively correlated with sleep quality. In the regression analysis, depressive symptoms, anxiety level and sleep quality were all found to have an effect on the SAS total score. Furthermore, the SAS score was found to have an effect on depressive symptoms, anxiety and sleep quality.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal a bidirectional relationship between ASU and depressive, anxiety symptoms and impaired sleep quality in elderly adults. It is important to question smartphone use patterns in people with sleep problems, symptoms of depression or anxiety.
Keratose sponges in ancient carbonates – A problem of interpretation
Authors: Neuweiler Fritz , Kershaw Stephen , Boulvain Frédéric , Matysik Michał , Sendino Consuelo , McMenamin Mark , Munnecke Axel
Published: November 2022

Reports of diverse vermiform and peloidal structures in Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic open marine to peritidal carbonates include cases interpreted to be keratose sponges. However, living keratose sponges have elaborate, highly elastic skeletons of spongin (a mesoscopic end‐member of a hierarchical assemblage of collagenous structures) lacking spicules, thus have poor preservation potential in contrast to the more easily fossilized spicule‐bearing sponges. Such interpreted fossil keratose sponges comprise diverse layered, network, amalgamated, granular and variegated microfabrics of narrow curved, branching, vesicular–cellular to irregular areas of calcite cement, thought to represent former spongin, embedded in microcrystalline to peloidal carbonate. Interpreted keratose sponges are presented in publications almost entirely in two‐dimensional (thin section) studies, usually displayed normal to bedding, lacking mesoscopic three‐dimensional views in support of a sponge body fossil. For these structures to be keratose sponges critically requires conversion of the spongin skeleton into the calcite cement component, under shallow‐burial conditions and this must have occurred prior to compaction. However, there is no robust petrographic–geochemical evidence that the fine‐grained carbonate component originated from sponge mummification (automicritic body fossils via calcification of structural tissue components) because in the majority of cases the fine‐grained component is homogenous and thus likely to be deposited sediment. Thus, despite numerous studies, verification of fossil keratose sponges is lacking. Although some may be sponges, all can be otherwise explained. Alternatives include: (i) meiofaunal activity; (ii) layered microbial (spongiostromate) accretion; (iii) sedimentary peloidal to clotted micrites; (iv) fluid escape and capture resulting in bird's eye to vuggy porosities; and (v) moulds of siliceous sponge spicules. Uncertainty of keratose sponge identification is fundamental and far‐reaching for understanding: (i) microfacies and diagenesis where they occur; (ii) fossil assemblages; and (iii) wider aspects of origins of animal clades, sponge ecology, evolution and the systemic recovery from mass extinctions. Thus, alternative explanations must be considered.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of a psychosocial web‐based intervention for adolescents distressed by a visible difference: Results from a randomized controlled trial in Norway
Authors: Kling Johanna , Asphaug Lars , Feragen Kristin B.
Published: November 2022

Adolescents with a visible difference to the face or body (e.g., due to a congenital condition, illness, or injury), may be at risk of elevated psychological distress. Young Person's Face IT (YPF), a web‐based psychosocial intervention, has displayed effectiveness, but no previous study has specifically evaluated its cost‐effectiveness. The aim of our study was to investigate whether YPF could be a cost‐effective alternative for psychosocial support to adolescents distressed by a visible difference, relative to care‐as‐usual (CAU). Within the context of a randomized controlled trial in Norway, 102 participants (43% boys) were allocated to intervention (n = 55) or waiting list control group (n = 47). Mean age was 13.9 years (SD = 1.71; range 11–18), and all self‐identified as experiencing distress related to a visible difference. Participants answered questionnaires including measures of health‐related quality of life and social anxiety at baseline and 3‐month follow‐up. A health economic evaluation using the method of cost‐utility analysis was performed, including quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs). Results indicated that the incremental cost‐effectiveness of YPF was 63,641 Norwegian kroner per QALYs gained, which is well within the acceptability threshold in the Norwegian healthcare sector. Hence, YPF could potentially be considered a cost‐effective intervention for adolescents experiencing distress related to a visible difference, but more research is needed that includes comparisons of YPF to other health‐ and societal resources and long‐term follow‐ups. Our study also constitutes an addition to research as, compared to interventions for somatic diseases, there is a lack of studies exploring the cost‐effectiveness of psychological interventions.
Predicting the Aerial Application of Dispersant Onto an Oil Spill
Authors: Teske Milton E. , Whitehouse Glen R.
Published: November 2022

The release of dispersant from an aircraft onto an oil spill is simulated using the AGDISPpro computer model, to develop a better understanding of how aircraft type, spray systems, and meteorological conditions affect the prediction of surface deposition. This model, originally developed for predicting the aerial release of pesticides for agricultural spray applications, is ideally suited to simulate the effects of aircraft type and flight condition/configuration, spray system arrangement, wind speed and direction, temperature and relative humidity (evaporation), release height, and spray application rate when spraying an oil spill. Predictions of droplet trajectories from the aircraft to the surface, drop size distributions at the release height, and deposition profiles are compared to two historical datasets for the Lockheed C-130, from field studies conducted in 1982 and 1993. This article shows that model accuracy improves from R2 = 0.411 to 0.827 with the earlier data, to R2 = 0.885 to 0.968 with the later data, most probably because of a better understanding of nozzle locations in the 1993 data. Model accuracy also appears improved when the aircraft flies in an in-wind direction, a configuration strongly recommended in the available literature.
Circumferential Wrinkling of Elastic Cylinders With Negative Surface Tension
Authors: Ru C.Q.
Published: November 2022

The present paper studies the critical condition for negative surface tension-driven circumferential wrinkling of soft cylinders based on the linearized Steigmann–Ogden model of surface elasticity. A simple negative surface tension-mode number relation is derived explicitly for arbitrary Poisson ratios of the cylinder and its surface layer and their shear modulus ratio, on which the critical surface residual strain and the associated mode number can be determined easily. For an incompressible solid cylinder with an incompressible thin surface layer, the critical values of surface residual strain and the mode number predicted by the present model are in good agreement with available numerical results based on the popular neo-Hooken nonlinear model for a wide range of material and geometrical parameters. In addition, the critical condition for circumferential wrinkling of the inner surface of a cylindrical hole within an infinite body is also derived. The present work addresses the key role of negative surface tension in circumferential wrinkling of soft cylinders and offers supporting evidence for the efficiency and accuracy of the linear Steigmann–Ogden model for the determination of the critical values for circumferential wrinkling.
Effect of Sliding Velocity on UHMWPE and VEXLPE Friction Against CoCr in Multidirectional, Serum Lubricated Conditions
Authors: Saikko Vesa , Morad Omar , Viitala Raine
Published: November 2022

The recently introduced four-station friction RandomPOD device was utilized in multidirectional, circular translation pin-on-disk (CTPOD) tests. The effect of sliding velocity on friction with orthopaedic bearing materials was studied. The tests included UHMWPE and VEXLPE pins against polished CoCr disks in serum lubrication at 37 °C. In the constant velocity tests, the sliding velocities used were from 5 to 50 mm/s at intervals of 5 mm/s. The test length with each velocity was 24 h. In the constant acceleration tests, the velocity steadily increased from 0 to 50 mm/s in 24 h. In all tests, the sample size was 4. No strong effect of velocity on friction was observed. This indicated a boundary lubrication mechanism. With sliding velocities above 10 mm/s, VEXLPE showed significantly lower friction than UHMWPE. The finding was in agreement with earlier dynamic RandomPOD tests. Clinically, the use of VEXLPE may result in lower frictional heating.
Inconstant Empathy—Interpersonal Factors That Influence the Incompleteness of User Understanding
Authors: Li Jie , Hölttä-Otto Katja
Published: November 2022

Empathy can help designers discover and fulfill users’ latent needs in design, which can lead to better design solutions. To achieve deep user understanding, designers utilize their ability to empathize with users. However, empathy is always incomplete and inconstant in user understanding. This study applies a quantitative behavioral empathy measure to a case of designers attempting to understand the needs of users of a future semi-autonomous vehicle technology. In total, 16 designers and 48 users are involved. We study how interpersonal differences between designers and users and different users’ mental content impact the level of empathic understanding. Specifically, these factors are national cultural differences, visiting experience, binary gender differences, the relationship between users and designers, and user mental content types. The results show that cultural differences and visiting experiences significantly affect designers’ empathic accuracy and emotional tone accuracy in both physical and online interviews. These influences vary depending on contextual factors that are related to the participant's own experience and the experiment itself.
The Effect of Potential Analogies and Negative Issues on Creative Designs
Authors: Casakin Hernan , Koronis Georgios , Silva Arlindo
Published: November 2022

The study explored ways in which briefs can be structured to support creative design outcomes. The procedure involved a controlled, yet analytical experiment carried out in a university setting to test the use of analogical reasoning under different conditions to enhance the creativity of design solutions. The first goal was to verify whether visual and text analogies contribute to enhancing design creativity, measured by novel and useful solutions. The second goal was to explore the use of visual and text analogies in creative designs when instructions to formulate negative statements about the problem were provided. A final goal was to test whether correlations exist between the students’ self-reported creativity and their design outcomes scores. 179 first-year undergraduate students participated in this study. The results showed that design briefs with specific instructions to use text or visual analogies yielded highly novel outcomes. However, when text or visual analogies were triggered by statements concerning negative issues of the design problem, more useful outcomes were produced. Moreover, significant relationships were found between self-perceived creativity and the novelty of the outcomes generated in the visual and text analogy briefs. It is suggested that both types of analogies should be employed as effective design studio pedagogical tools to enhance creativity. Negative statements should be considered when the design goal is to improve existing features of current solutions.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Suspended Cable-Driven Parallel Robot to Design Parameters
Authors: Paty Thibaut , Binaud Nicolas , Wang Hong , Segonds Stéphane
Published: November 2022

Cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) are system driven exclusively by cables, giving them advantages in operation. However, this also introduces complexity into their mechanical behavior. Indeed, the cable elasticity is affected by a hysteresis phenomenon. There is therefore an uncertainty about the actual value of the cable’s Young’s modulus. However, uncertainty analysis on design parameters of CDPR has not been conducted yet. So, this article first introduces a new modeling of CDPRs allowing to take in consideration the sagging of the cables while considering different pulley architectures as well as the cable dead length between the winch and the pulley. Then, a sensitivity analysis of the main design parameters on the positioning error of the moving platform (MP) is performed through a design of experiments conducted on a suspended CDPR with four cables. For this purpose, the variation of the Young’s modulus of the cables is determined. This allows to quantify and to rank the effects on the theoretical MP pose error of important design parameters that are the type of pulley joint, cable’ Young’s modulus, the cable mass, and the MP mass. This study is conducted for different sizes of CDPR. The results obtained show that the evolution of the effects of the design parameters is not the same depending on the size of the CDPR. Technical major considerations are derived from the presented results as guidelines for CDPR designer, keeping the modeling simple but robust enough for real-time control of CDPRs.