bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statement of death in Russian legislation (critical analysis of article 66 of federal law «On fundamental healthcare principles in the Russian Federation» of 21.11.2011 №323-FL)
Authors: Boyko Igor’ B.
Published: October 2020

Aim. Analysis of some controversial provisions of Article (Art.) 66 Determination of the Moment of Death of a Person and of Termination of Resuscitation Activities of Federal law On Fundamental Healthcare Principles in the Russian Federation of November 21, 2011 №323-FL (FL 323) directly concerning the issue of death of a person, and justification of making amendments to the title and text of the above mentioned norm.
Due to the absence of definition of the concept of death in FL 323, the author presents his own definition of death of a person. The used term the moment of death of a person as a determinant/indicator of the occurrence of death seems to be erroneous. This term cannot be extended to the fact of biological death. Under FL 323, death of the brain is considered to be equivalent to death of a person and today is inextricably linked with organ transplantation. However, in reality it is not so, and in this sense it is a typical juridical fiction that justifies legal removal of organs from living patients. Amendments to the title and wording of Article 66 FL 323 are proposed.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE RAN, Kopp M.L. , Korchemagin V.A. ,   Donetsk National Technical University
Published: October 2020

The periodicity, dynamics and kinematics of unadequately studied Cenozoic activities in the Donets intraplate foldbelt (“the Donbass”) and in its neighbourhood were considered. It have been demonstrated that two independent orogenies divided by a tectonic pause in the Eocene-Oligocene took places there, the Laramic one (the terminal Maestrichtian – Paleocene) of an early Alpine tectonic epochs and conventiolly neotectonic one (Early Miocene – Quaternary) of a late Alpine epoch. The both orogenies proceeded at submeridional compression and sublatitudinal extension, but essentially differed in their areas and a style of structure. The first of them occurred immediately to the west of the Donbass where it caused horisontal compression of salt diapirs in Dnieper-Donets aulacogen whereas the second formed Donets-North Azov neotectonic megaswell and caused a dextral shear along border Severodonets and Persianoff upthrusts of the Donbass. Results of analysis carried in the article allowed associating the second orogeny with the simoultaneous Greater Caucasian orogenesis. A nature of moderate the Laramic movements can be explained by the known intraplate activization of Western and partially Eastern Europe as a result of Africa-Eurasia collision at modern Alps, Dinarides and Pont as well as contemporal spreading onset in Northern Atlantic-Arctic which produced an opposite pressure from the north. A common results of both processes were inversion and compression of a number of the european aulacogens including the Dnieper-Donets one.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Institute of Seismology. G.A. Mavlyanova AN RUz, Khamidov L.A.
Published: October 2020

In the article the results of studies of stress-strained state of the crust in Chatkal`s mountain zone of west Tan-Shan are shown. In the first approximation the main and paleo-stresses for separate area of the region`s are estimated. For analysis of the stresses the methods of mathematical modeling and tectonophysical methods of stresses fields reconstructions and method of recovering of stresses by earthquakes mechanisms are used. The comparison with result of seismic-tectonic studies, with component of stresses which are measured in open casts and mines and also with results of laboratory experimental studies of rocks deformations under high pressure influence is taken.
GEODYNAMICS
Authors:   Carpathian Branch of Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of NAS of Ukraine, Malytskyi D.V. , Pak R. M. ,   Hetman Petro Sahaidachny National Army Academy, Kozlovskyi E. M. ,   Carpathian Branch of Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of NAS of Ukraine, Muila O. O. ,   Carpathian Branch of Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of NAS of Ukraine, Khytryak O.I. ,   Carpathian Branch of Subbotin Institute of Geophysics of NAS of Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The propagation of seismic waves in homogeneous halfspace is considered in this paper. The source is represented by seismic moment tensor. It is shown that the eigenvalue and eigenvectors problem can be used for seismological problems.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI POS (POINT OF SALES) BERBASIS WEB DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK CODEIGNITER PADA PASAR SWALAYAN
Authors: Muhammad Galang Ramadhan
Published: October 2020

Perkembangan pasar swalayan belakangan ini berkembang sangat pesat. Hampir disetiap perumahan ter-dapat berbagai minimarket-minimarket berbasis waralaba seperti Indomaret, Alfamart, dan pengusaha menengah. Begitupun sistem pengolahan data pada pengusaha menengah yang rata-rata masih menggunakan sistem manual atau dicatat, dapat mengakibatkan kesalahan pada pengolahan laporan penjualan, dan keluar masuknya barang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan solusi kepada pengusaha pasar swalayan dalam hal pengolahan data dan merancang sistem informasi Point of Sales yang mudah dioperasikan oleh pengguna. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 6 bulan di pasar swalayan daerah Kabupaten Karawang. Model pengembangan sistem yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah model Waterfall, inti dari metode Waterfall adalah pengerjaan dari suatu sistem dilakukan secara berurutan atau secara linear, metode ini memiliki beberapa tahapan yaitu analisis kebutuhan, desain, coding, pengujian dan implementasi. Setelah melakukan analisis kebutuhan, maka dirancanglah sistem POS dengan menggunakan Framework CodeIgniter untuk membangun aplikasi PHP yang dinamis, serta menggunakan XAMPP sebagai server (localhost). Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dirancang pada sistem POS berupa print nota belanja. Respon Sangat Setuju (SS) memiliki frekuensi 24 respon dan persentase yang didapat sebesar 21,82%. Respon Setuju (S) memiliki frekuensi 63 respon dan persentase yang didapat sebesar 57,27%. Respon Netral (N) memiliki 23 respon dan persentase sebesar 20,91%. Sedangkan respon Tidak Setuju (TS) dan Sangat Tidak Setuju (STS) sama sekali tidak memiliki respon.
Medikal Turizmde Rekreasyon Planlaması ve Müşteri Tatmini İlişkisi
Authors: Şahin Bayram , Gültekin Özge
Published: October 2020

Araştırmanın amacı İstanbul’a medikal tedavi amaçlı gelen turistlerin tedavileri boyunca katıldıkları rekreasyon faaliyetlerinin tespit edilmesi ve bu faaliyetlerin müşterilerin tatmini ile ilişkisinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırmanın veri toplama sürecinde anket tekniğinden faydalanılmıştır. Anket medikal tedavi amaçlı İstanbul’a gelen 415 turiste uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra t-testi, ANOVA, regresyon ve korelasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda İstanbul’a gelen medikal turistlerin tedavileri dışında boş zamanlarını değerlendirdikleri rekreasyon faaliyetleri ayrı ayrı belirlenmiş ve medikal turistlerin boş zaman davranışları ile tatminleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum gelen turistlere medikal hizmetlerine uygun rekreasyon faaliyetlerinin oluşturulması gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu doğrultuda aracıların faaliyetlerini yönlendirmesi tercih edirlilikte etken olacaktır.
OPTIMASI PENGUKURAN LAJU AIR PADA SUSUNAN PERALATAN EKSPERIMEN DINAMIKA FLUIDA SEDERHANA
Authors: Rasagama I Gede
Published: October 2020

The research objective is to determine the results of optimization of water rate measurements in the arrangement of simple fluid dynamics experimental equipment. The study used an experimental method based on 5 theoretical equations. The research shows that the optimization of measurements can only be done on the study of changes in water surface position, differences in diameter pairs, differences in the diameter of the second pipe, and differences in pump conditions. The results of water rate measurements for references 0, 1, and 2, respectively, have a specific tendency for the study of changes in physical quantities and, or differences in the associated physical conditions. The mean coefficient of determination by the surface height to the reference rate of 0 is 58%, with respect to the reference rates 1 and 2, respectively 76% and 73%. By the difference in diameter with reference rate 2 based on equations (3) and (5), they are 94% and 74%, respectively.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA BERBASIS REACT SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI K13 UNTUK MEMFASILITASI KEHETEROGENEN GAYA BELAJAR SISWA SMA/MA DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Dewi Novi Ayu Kristiana , Utami Bernadhita Herindri Samodera
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this research is to develop a learning tool. It is a physics module REACT based which can facilitate heterogeneity of student learning styles in class. The research method used is Research & Development (R&D) with four stages 4-D, namely define, design, develop, and disseminated. The results showed that the learning module developed was valid with good categories in the material component and very good in the media component. The application of the developed learning module was effective to improve student learning outcomes in the moderate category. The distribution of the module got a very good response from physics teachers.  Thus the learning device developed is feasible to use.
Aborto, contramovilización y estrategias de comunicación contra la expansión de derechos en México
Authors: López Jairo Antonio
Published: October 2020

El artículo analiza las estrategias de comunicación de la contramovilización conservadora frente al derecho de las mujeres a decidir sobre su propio cuerpo en México. A partir de la coyuntura escenificada en el estado de Veracruz en el año 2018, planteamos que las organizaciones conservadoras aprovechan las estructuras de oportunidad de mediación que brindan los medios tradicionales y las redes sociodigitales para la circulación de ideas, siguiendo estrategias de adaptación de sus argumentos a los contextos políticos nacionales y subnacionales. Combinando la etnografía digital, el análisis de prensa estatal y de discursos públicos, identificamos dos tipos de mensajes que tuvieron eco en las discusiones legislativas que impidieron la despenalización del aborto en el estado: 1) la injerencia y presión externa como imposición de agendas; 2) la equiparación del aborto como exacerbación del contexto de muerte y crimen organizado.
Codec Citra Berbasis Fractal dan Entropy Coding
Authors: Virgiawan I Made Aditya , Widyantara I Made Oka , Sari Hartati Rukmi
Published: October 2020

Proses penggambaran bagian organ tubuh manusia, untuk dapat menemukan penyakit apa saja yang ada pada bagian tubuh yang disebabkan oleh bakteri dan virus disebut dengan Citra Medis. CT Scanning, MRI, X-Ray, merupakan citra medis yang banyak ditemui pada umumnya masih berupa data analog. Banyaknya informasi penting yang terdapat pada citra medis menyebabkan ukuran file citra medis tergolong besar. Kebutuhan media penyimpanan data yang besar dan waktu pengiriman yang lama disebabkan oleh data citra medis yang berukuran besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merealisasikan sebuah codec citra medis berbasis fraktal dengan mengujikan kinerjanya pada beberapa teknik entropy coding. Analisis penelitian ini didasarkan pada PSNR, Size Image dan Time Taken yang dibutuhkan untuk melakukan kompresi terhadap satu buah gambar. Kesimpulan yang didapat pada analisis ini terlihat bahwa metode Arithmetic lebih memiliki keunggulan dalam bidang PSNR, Rasio Kompresi, Size Image yang dihasilkan beserta Time Taken di dalam proses kompresi, dimana dari 15 gambar citra yang diuji 100% gambar lebih baik hasil dengan menggunakan metode Arithmetic dibandingkan dengan  menggunakan metode Adaptive Huffman.

Kata Kunci — Adaptive Huffman, Arithmetic, Citra, Codec, Fractal, Medis.
Effects of Light Intensity and Photoperiod on growth and reproductive performance of Coturnix japonica: A review
Authors: Khaskheli Asad Ali
Published: October 2020

Present review was performed in order to understand the influence of photoperiod and light intensity on Coturnix japonica. Different literatures were reviewed regarding egg production, behaviour, body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass weight, egg quality with respect to photoperiods and intensities. It was noticed from the reviewed studies that light intensity of 80 and 20 luxes for 8 hours during growing period and 240 and 60 luxes for 16 hours during laying period results 194.85±4.46, 191.42±2.87 feed intake, 201.00±13.82, 210±15.1 weekly weight gain. The better feed conversion ratio remains (1.03) with light intensity of 80 and 20 luxes for 8 hours during growing period. Carcass weight remains as 98.33±8.33 and 99.56±5.44, dressing percentage 50.46% and 52.01%, egg production percent 50.11 and 48.81, egg length 32.15±0.54 and 32.12±0.35, egg width 24.87±0.22 and 23.75±0.31, egg weight 9±0.44 and 9±0.54, 11.2±0.73 when light intensity of 80 and 20 luxes for 8 hours during growing period and 240 and 60 luxes for 16 hours during laying period is provided. In conclusion Coturnix japonica raised on 80 luxes for 08 hours light intensity during growing period and 240 luxes for 16 hours light intensity in laying period results better FCR and feed intake in cage system. While Coturnix japonica reared with 5 luxes for 16 hours photoperiod during growing period and 15 luxes for 20 hours photoperiod in laying period demonstrate better egg production and behaviour.
The Maximum Length Record of the Blackspot Seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo Brünnich, 1768) for the Entire Aegean Sea and Turkish Territorial Waters
Authors: Paruğ Şenol , Cengiz Özgür
Published: October 2020

The maximum length, weight, and age information of organisms in an ecosystem, moreover, the first records of migrated exotic species are essential in terms of the basis for the studies on population dynamics, stock assessment, and biological activities. Therefore, the recording of such data may be necessary for scientific databases and new related studies. The Blackspot seabream (Red seabream - Pagellus bogaraveo), which belongs to the Sparidae family, is an important seafood which is marketed fresh and frozen around the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas. Nowadays, this species has high prices depending on market demands in domestic markets as a result of overfishing and is also cultured in northern Spain. It is classified as “Near Threatened Species” in the red list due to its decreasing population trend by the IUCN. A single specimen of the Blackspot seabream with 30.7 cm in total length and 390.00 g in total weight, which was angled in the Saros Bay with a handline by a fisherman on February 08, 2019, was obtained from a fishmonger in Çanakkale. Even though there are bigger individuals in the North-east Atlantic probably depending on polar and/or deep-sea gigantism, the mentioned measurement is the proven maximum total length of this species for the Aegean Sea up to the time.
Application of Phage for Biocontrol of Salmonella Species in Food Systems
Authors: Toprak Zehra Tuğçe , Şanlıbaba Pınar
Published: October 2020

The studies on phage applications that provide successful results in biocontrol of foodborne pathogens and offer an environmentally friendly approach have been increasing today. Phages are viruses that can infect and kill the specific target bacterial cell. Salmonella is one of the most important pathogenic microorganisms that leading causes of food-borne illnesses called salmonellosis. Meat products especially chicken meat, fresh eggs, dairy products, ready-to-eat foods, seafood products and all kinds of contaminated food can be cause of salmonellosis. In this review, the phage application studies to control of Salmonella in food systems were summarized taking into account the research studied in recent years.
Sustainability of soil health and system productivity through arecanut based cropping system in the NE Region of India
Authors: Paul S.C. , Acharya G.C. , Chakraborty R. , Maheswarappa H.P. , Hussain M. , Ray A.K.
Published: October 2020

The North-Eastern part of India contains seven states out of which, Assam is the major producer of arecanut. An attempt was made to study the impact of arecanut based multiple cropping system with proper utilization of recyclable resources on the long-term sustainability of acid soil at Kahikuchi. A long term arecanut based High-Density Multispecies Cropping System garden comprised of two models viz., Model-1 (M1): arecanut (Areca catechu), black pepper (Piper nigrum), banana (Musa spp.), citrus (Citrus limon) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Model-2 (M2): arecanut, black pepper, banana, citrus and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) as component crops was used. Both the models were sub-divided into three treatments viz., Full dose of recommended fertiliser (T1), 2/3rd of the recommended dose (T2) and 1/3rd of the recommended dose (T3) combined with treatment-wise recycling available biomass in the form of vermicompost and each treatment was replicated thrice. The results indicated that the quantity of recyclable biomass generated ranged between 8.27 to 12.23 t ha-1 year-1 and 8.11 to 12.38 t ha-1 year-1 in model-1 and model-2, respectively and revealed that the T2 treatment in both models improved the soil properties with respect to soil pH, organic carbon, available N, P and K status. Economics of the cropping system revealed that the maximum return was obtained from both Models under T2. The average benefit:cost ratio of T1, T2 & T3 was 3.38, 4.42 & 3.47 under model-1 and 3.34, 4.08 and 3.40 under model-2, respectively. Sustenance of soil pH above 5.0 over the years in the arecanut rhizosphere in both the models were found under T2, but T1 and T3 treatments showed a slow declining of pH towards increasing soil acidity.
Performance evaluation of high capacity mechanised dehusking equipment for green arecanut (Areca catechu L.)
Authors: Naik Ravindra , Sadvatha R.H. , Senthilkumar T. , Balaji V.
Published: October 2020

India is a major arecanut (Areca catechu L.) growing country. Of the many problems identified in arecanut processing, dehusking is found to be a major one, which is cumbersome and needs to be mechanised. Presently, there are a few types of equipments available, but these machines are basically of low capacity and cater to small arecanut growers. Performance evaluation of three high capacity green arecanut dehusking equipments was taken up, to work out its possible adoption for entrepreneurship development. Equipment under evaluation consisted of power mounted dehusker with hook tooth cutting blade fixed in a cutting wheel to dehusk the outer shell with a nut ejection system coupled with a vibrating deck of trays to grade and convey the dehusked nuts. The Blade-Knurl shaft speed ratio was optimised as 1:11. Whole nut recovery per cent ranged from 81.84 ± 1.87 to 82.52 ± 1.95 per cent. The unhusked per cent and partially husked percentage ranged from 7.60 ± 3.71 to 7.81 ± 4.68 and 8.29 ± 2.15 to 8.85 ± 2.82, respectively. The broken nut percentage ranged from 1.03 ± 1.36 to 2.06 ± 2.72 percentage. The total cost of operation for two-belt, four-belt and six-belt model was ` 162 h-1,` 237 h-1 and ` 262 h-1, respectively. Better dehusking efficiency with reduced damage to the nuts achieved in mechanical dehusking would enable the farmer to realise additional yield with saving in time and lower cost of operation.
Ensemblization of density-functional theory: Insight from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem
Authors: Gould Tim , Stefanucci Gianluca , Pittalis Stefano
Published: October 2020

Density functional theory can be generalized to mixtures of ground and excited states, for the purpose of determining energies of excitations using low-cost density functional approximations. Adapting approximations originally developed for ground states to work in the new setting would fast-forward progress enormously. But, previous attempts have stumbled on daunting fundamental issues. Here we show that these issues can be prevented from the outset, by using a fluctuation dissipation theorem (FDT) to dictate key functionals. We thereby show that existing exchange energy approximations are readily adapted to excited states, when combined with a rigorous exact Hartree term that is different in form from its ground state counterpart, and counterparts based on ensemble ansatze. Applying the FDT to correlation energies also provides insights into ground state-like and ensemble-only correlations. We thus provide a comprehensive and versatile framework for ensemble density functional approximations.
Multilayer Diffraction Reveals That Colloidal Superlattices Approach the Structural Perfection of Single Crystals
Authors: Toso Stefano , Baranov Dmitry , Altamura Davide , Scattarella Francesco , Dahl Jakob , Wang Xingzhi , Marras Sergio , Alivisatos Paul , Singer Andrej , Giannini Cinzia , Manna Liberato
Published: October 2020

Colloidal superlattices are fascinating materials made of ordered nanocrystals, yet they are rarely called “atomically precise.” That is unsurprising, given how challenging it is to quantify the degree of structural order in these materials. However, once that order crosses a certain threshold, constructive interference of X-rays diffracted by the nanocrystals dominates the diffraction pattern, offering a wealth of structural information. By treating nanocrystals as scattering sources forming a self-probing interferometer, we developed a multilayer diffraction method that enabled the accurate determination of nanocrystal size, interparticle spacing, and their fluctuations for samples of self-assembled CsPbBr3 and PbS nanomaterials. The average nanocrystal displacement of 0.32-1.4 Å in the studied superlattices provides a figure of merit for their structural perfection and approaches the atomic displacement parameters found in traditional crystals. The method requires a laboratory-grade diffractometer and an open-source fitting algorithm for data analysis, providing a competitive alternative to resource-intensive synchrotron experiments.
Determining Partial Atomic Charges for Liquid Water: Assessing Electronic Structure and Charge Models
Authors: Han Bowen , Isborn Christine , Shi Liang
Published: October 2020

Partial atomic charges provide an intuitive and efficient way to describe the charge distribution and the resulting intermolecular electrostatic interactions in liquid water. Many charge models exist and it is unclear which model provides the best assignment of partial atomic charges in response to the local molecular environment. In this work, we systematically scrutinize various electronic structure methods and charge models (Mulliken, Natural Population Analysis, CHelpG, RESP, Hirshfeld, Iterative Hirshfeld, and Bader) by evaluating their performance in predicting the dipole moments of isolated water, water clusters, and liquid water as well as charge transfer in the water dimer and liquid water. Although none of the seven charge models is capable of fully capturing the dipole moment increase from isolated water (1.85 D) to liquid water (about 2.9 D), the Iterative Hirshfeld method performs best for liquid water, reproducing its experimental average molecular dipole moment, yielding a reasonable amount of intermolecular charge transfer, and showing modest sensitivity to the local water environment. The performance of the charge model is dependent on the choice of the density functional and the quantum treatment of the environment. The computed molecular dipole moment of water generally increases with the percentage of the exact Hartree-Fock exchange in the functional, whereas the amount of charge transfer between molecules decreases. For liquid water, including two full solvation shells of surrounding water molecules (within about 5.5 A of the central water) in the quantum-chemical calculation converges the charges of the central water molecule. Our final pragmatic quantum-chemical charge assigning protocol for liquid water is the Iterative Hirshfeld method with M06-HF/aug-cc-pVDZ and a quantum region cutoff radius of 5.5 A.
A Pathogen Mimetic Molecule Induces Highly Amplified Synergistic Immune Activation to Vaccination via Activation of Multiple Signaling Pathways
Authors: nihesh naorem , Manna Saikat , Studnitzer Bradley , Shen Jingjing , Esser-Kahn Aaron
Published: October 2020

We developed a small-molecule trimeric PRR agonist-based adjuvant inspired by the stimulation pattern of a pathogen. This molecule generated by covalently linking TLR2/6 agonist, NOD2 agonist, and NLRP3 inflammasome activator, stimulates multiple subfamilies of PRRs in a spatially defined manner resulting in an amplified innate immune response in vitro. Moreover, it elicits both stronger humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo.
Base-Mediated Generation of Ketenimines from Ynamides: [3+2] Annulation with Azaallyl Anions.
Authors: D’Hollander Agathe C. A. , Romero Eugénie , Vijayakumar Kamsana , le Houérou Camille , Retailleau Pascal , Dodd Robert H. , Iorga Bogdan I. , Cariou Kevin
Published: October 2020

Under basic conditions and heat, ynamides can serve as precursor to ketenimines, whose synthetic potential is often hampered by their difficulty of acces. Herein, we report that they can undergo a [3+2] cycloaddition with 2-azaallyl anions, obtained from benzylimines under the same reaction conditions. This reaction between two highly reactive intermediates, both generated in situ from bench stable starting materials, gives access to various nitrogen-rich heterocycles. The reaction usually proceeds with excellent diastereoselectivity, in favor of the cis adduct. Deuteration experiments and DFT calculation helped rationalize the regio and stereo-selectivity of the process as well as the formation of side-products.
A Bright Deep-Red AIEgen with Locked Noncoplanar Conformation for Lipid Droplet-Specific Imaging
Authors: Yu, Ying , Xing Hao , Park Hojeong , Zhang Ruoyao , Peng Chen , Sung Herman H.-Y. , williams ian duncan , Ma, Chao , Wong Kam Sing , LI Hui-min , Zhao Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2020

In the field of fluorescent materials, bright deep-red/near-infrared (DR/NIR) luminogens are always in demand whose rationally and accurately design yet are challenging. Current design strategy of DR/NIR emitters mainly depends on the construction of large p-conjugation and strong donor-acceptor system, which commonly suffers the quenching factors from p-p stacking and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) effect. In this work, we employed the non-covalent interactions and constructed a luminogen with rigid and twisted conformation, which not only red-shifts the emission wavelength of the luminogen to DR/NIR region but also effectively suppresses the non-radiative decay by p-p stacking and TICT. Moreover, the rational molecular design endows the new luminogen with two-photo absorption capability and superior selectivity towards lipid droplets in different levels including living cells, tissues, and live fish embryo. This work thus presents an elegant, facile and efficient strategy for generating functional DR/NIR emitters.
Strain in Silica-Supported Ga (III) Sites: Neither Too Much nor Too Little for Propane Dehydrogenation Catalytic Activity
Authors: Praveen C. S. , Borosy A. P. , Copéret Christophe , Comas Vives Aleix
Published: October 2020

Well-defined Ga(III) sites on SiO2 are highly active, selective, and stable catalysts in the propane dehydrogenation reaction. In this contribution, we evaluate the catalytic activity towards propane dehydrogenation of tri-coordinated and tetra-coordinated Ga(III) sites on SiO2 by means of first principles calculations using realistic amorphous periodic SiO2models. We evaluated the three reaction steps in propane dehydrogenation, namely the C-H activation of propane to form propyl, the beta-hydride elimination transfer to form propene, and a Ga-hydride, and the H-H coupling to release H2, regenerating the initial Ga-O bond and closing the catalytic cycle. Our work shows how Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relationships are followed for these three reaction steps on Ga(III) sites on SiO2 and highlights the role of the strain of the reactive Ga-O pairs on such sites of realistic amorphous SiO2 models. While highly strained sites are very reactive sites for the initial C-H activation, they are more difficult to regenerate. The corresponding less strained sites are not reactive enough, pointing to the need of a right balance in strain to be an effective site for propane dehydrogenation. Overall, our work provides an understanding of the intrinsic activity of acidic Ga single sites towards the propane dehydrogenation reaction and paves the road towards the design and prediction of better single-site catalysts on SiO2 for the propane dehydrogenation reaction.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Novel sn-1 Heterocyclic DAGlactones as PKCe Activators
Authors: Elhalem Eleonora , Bellomo Ana , Cooke Mariana , Scravaglieri Antonella , Pearce Larry V. , Peach Megan , Gandolfi-Donadío Lucía , Kazanietz Marcelo , Comin Maria Julieta
Published: October 2020

In this study we describe the synthesis and characterization of novel diacylglycerol (DAG)-lactones that bind to protein kinase C (PKC). DAG-lactones proved to be useful templates for the design of potent and selective C1 domain ligands. The ester moiety at sn-1 position, a common feature in this template, is relevant for interaction with the PKC C1 domains, although it represents a labile group susceptible to endogenous esterases. Our studies identified the DAG-lactone 10B12 with an isozazole ring as a nanomolar affinity PKC ligand. This compound shows preferential selectivity for PKCepsilon, and strongly activates actin cytoskeleton reorganization into peripheral ruffles in cancer cells, an effect mediated by PKCepsilon. Therefore, introducing a stable isoxazole ring as an ester surrogate in DAG-lactones emerges as a novel structural approach to achieve PKC selectivity.
NMR Based Real-Time Enzyme Kinetics on Estimating the Inhibitory Effect of Sucralose in the Enzymatic Conversion of Sucrose
Authors: Vang Justin , Her Cheenou , Krishnan Krish
Published: October 2020

Sucralose, one of the popular non-caloric artificial sweeteners, has been known to influence the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose by invertase. In continuing the use of real-time NMR experiments and reaction progress curve analysis to measure enzyme kinetics, here we investigate the role of sucralose as an inhibitor. NMR based kinetic experiments were performed as a function of the substrate concentration for a range of sucralose concentrations, and the results were analyzed by fitting the progress curve to the Lambert-W function. The Michaelis-Menten parameters were then used to estimate the inhibitory constant of sucralose. To estimate the extent of sucralose inhibition on the enzymatic production of glucose, control experiments were performed with lactose as the inhibitor under similar experimental conditions. The results show that sucralose is a much more potent inhibitor than lactose, inhibiting the enzymatic conversion at least seven times more.
Enantioselective Coupling of Nitroesters and Alkynes
Authors: Davison Ryan , Parker Patrick , Hou Xintong , Chung Crystal , Augustine Sara , Dong Vy M.
Published: October 2020

By using Rh-H catalysis, we couple α-nitroesters and alkynes to prepare α-amino acid surrogates. This atom-economical strategy generates two contiguous stereocenters, with high enantio- and diastereocontrol. In this transformation, the alkyne undergoes isomerization to generate a Rh(III)-π-allyl electrophile, which is trapped by an α-nitroester nucleophile. A subsequent reduction with In powder transforms the allylic α-nitroesters to the corresponding α,α- disubstituted α-amino esters.
High Risk for Obesity in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Ganapathy Sankar U  , Monisha R
Published: October 2020

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterized by marked impairment in the acquisition of motor skill. The poor performance of movement skills marks developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and this defect affects the child's activities of daily living in innumerous ways. The ability of the child in the execution of the motor task is substantially below that expected for a child's chronological age and intelligence. DCD affects the child's ability in performing both gross and fine motor skills. Performing the Variety of motor tasks is impaired, and the child is isolated socially and emotionally. These children experience frequent academic failure because of their poor handwriting skill. Despite having IQ more significant than 70, these children experience academic failure. As because of their motor coordination difficulty, these children avoid peer group interaction. They were termed as clumsy and awkward, by their teachers and often by their peer group. Thus they were avoided by their peer group children. This recurrent isolation becomes permanent for children with DCD, and they tend to isolate themselves from everybody. As they become isolated, these children are more prone to psychological distress. As because of poor social interaction and participation in green land play along with peer group children, they were at high risk for obesity and other related disorders. Awareness of the importance of participation in a physical activity needs to be delivered for all the parents of children with and without DCD. Benefits of green land play need to be understood by the parents for further facilitation of children's engagement in physical activity sessions.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Alanine Derived Bioactive p-Toluenesulphonamide Analogs
Authors: Melford C Egbujor  , Uchechukwu C Okoro  , Samuel A Egu  , Pius I Egwuatu  , Florence U Eze  , Ifeanyi S Amasiatu
Published: October 2020

Sulphonamides and carboxamides have great pharmacological importance. The purpose of the study was to synthesize alanine-derived bioactive sulphonamides bearing carboxamides and evaluate their biological activities. The reaction of p-toluenesulphonyl chloride with L-alanine afforded compound 1, which was acetylated to obtain compound 2. The chlorination and ammonolysis of compound 2 gave the carboxamide backbone (3) which was coupled with aryl/heteroaryl halides to afford the hybrid compounds 4, 5 and 6. Structures were confirmed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectra and elemental analytical data. The in vitro antimicrobial properties were determined by agar dilution, and the antioxidant properties were also investigated. Molecular docking interactions of the analogues were determined using PyRx. Compounds 4, 5 and 6 exhibited excellent in vitro antimicrobial properties in the range of 0.5-1.0mg/ml while compounds 1and 2 had half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.11±0.15µg/ml and 1.12±0.13µg/ml respectively. For the molecular docking studies, compounds 5 and 6 displayed the best antitrypanosomal activity with binding affinities of -13.95 and -13.51kcal/mol respectively while compound 4 showed the highest in silico antimalarial activity having binding affinity of -11.95kcal/mol. All the alanine derived sulphonamides were observed to be potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitrypanosomal and antimalarial agents following the biological activities studies.
Coronavirus disease and diabetes – Interplay of two pandemics
Authors: Chitrika Subhadarsanee  , Prasad V Dhadse  , Vidya Baliga  , Komal Bhombe
Published: October 2020

“Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)” is induced by a novel enveloped virus having single-stranded RNA which was originated in Wuhan city of Hubei, province, China. The coronavirus has a protein envelope. On the outer surface, the virus has spike-like glycoprotein, which is responsible for the attachment and entrance inside host cells. It transmits rapidly affecting more than 160 countries globally, so, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced it as a pandemic. It is considered as a relative of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 is caused by a beta coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 that affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans. It is an airborne disease as announced by WHO and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 days. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is heterogeneous, ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure and death. Till now, so specific treatment is invented so, prevention plays a significant role. The current situation is only limiting the spread of disease. Coronavirus infection leads to the activation of adaptive and innate immune responses, resulting in massive inflammation (to so-called cytokine storm), which in turn can lead to damage to various tissues, septic shock and multiple organ failure. According to WHO, older individuals and people having associated co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, etc., are at higher risk of getting infected by the coronavirus. This review explains the renewed correlation between diabetes and COVID-19. It also highlights the potential mechanisms by which diabetes regulates the host immune response and host-viral interactions.
Role of Topical Anesthetics Versus Topical Steroids in The Management of Traumatic Ulcer: A Case Control Study
Authors: Dhinesh Kumar S  , Jayanth Kumar Vadivel  , Visalakshi Ramanathan
Published: October 2020

Traumatic ulcers represent one of the most common types of ulcers occurring in the oral cavity. The etiology for the causation of the traumatic ulcers might be due to mechanical trauma-which is the commonest, thermal and electrical trauma. The ulcers due to trauma are well circumscribed, most often deep with sloping margins and an erythematous halo around the ulcers. The management of traumatic ulcers usually ranges from the prescription of topical anesthetics, steroids to nutritional supplements.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of traumatic ulcers and to analyse the frequency of prescription of topical anesthetics and topical steroids in the management of traumatic ulcers.The study sample consisted of 94 patients with traumatic ulcer.The patients with traumatic ulcers included 56 males with a predominance of cases in the 3rd to 4th decade of life. The number of patients who were treated with topical anesthetics is 68 and topical corticosteroids are only 9. A combination of topical steroids and local anesthetics were used in 17 patients. The results reveal that the single most common drug used in the management of traumatic ulcer is the prescription of topical anesthetics. The second most common agent used is corticosteroids. On analysing the results based on the age group to the type of therapy, there was no significance. (P>0.05)The use of topical anesthetics is the commonest in the management of oral traumatic ulcers.
Prevalence of Furcation Involvement Among Patients with Periodontitis: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Jembulingam Sabarathinam  , Arvina Rajasekar  , Madhulaxmi M
Published: October 2020

A furcation is defined as ‘‘the anatomic area of a multirooted tooth where the roots diverge’’and furcation invasion refers to the ‘‘pathologic resorption of bone within a furcation. Many classifications were derived to classify furcation. The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of furcation involvement among periodontitis patients. The retrospective study was done among the outpatients of saveetha dental college and hospitals, chennai from june 2019 to march 2020. Periodontal data of adult patients aged between 18-70 years, were collected from the patient records. The data then analysed and interpreted using ibm,spss software version 20, california. Male predilection was observed in relation to furcation involvement. the prevalence of furcation involvement among patients with periodontitis was 38%. maxilla had an increased furcation involvement than the mandible. Grade I furcation was the most commonly observed type of furcation with 6mm loss of attachment approximately.maxillary arch was more involved than mandible.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY DETERMINATION OF PEPEROMIA PELLUCIDA EXTRACT
Authors: Ibrahim Maizatul Akma , Yahaya Nor Ashikin Mohamed
Published: October 2020

Antibiotics play a vital role in combating diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. Consumption of antibiotics may emit certain undesirable side effects. Hence, there is an initiative to discover new novel natural products with therapeutic potential, which is safer and can combat various ailments. Peperomia pellucida, which belongs to Piperaceae family, is a herbal plant that can be found in many regions of tropical Asia. This study aimed to extract P. pellucida and screen its phytochemical compositions, and finally test its antibacterial activity on gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ethanolic extraction was conducted to obtain a crude extract of the leaf sample. Phytochemical test screenings were also carried out. Antibacterial assay by agar well diffusion was done for the antibacterial activity to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed that the ethanolic leave extract of P. pellucida contains steroids and tannins. The extract exhibited the maximum inhibition zones of 15.67 ± 0.58 mm, 9.67 ± 1.58 mm and 10.67 ± 0.58 mm against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. Based on the MIC test, the ethanolic leaf extracts have shown potential antibacterial activity.
SPECIES CHARACTERIZATION IN RELATION TO EDAPHIC FACTORS IN A MANGROVE SWAMP FOREST: AN ORDINATION APPROACH
Authors: R. E. Ita,
Published: October 2020

Species characterization in relation to edaphic factors was carried out in a mangrove swamp forest using ordination approach (PCA). Vegetation and soil were sampled systematically with a ten 50 x 10 m quadrat. In each quadrat, soil samples were obtained at the depths of 0 – 30 m while plants were identified to species level and their frequency, density, height, basal area and crown cover were determined. The floristic catalogue revealed a total of 10 species belonging to 8 families. Rhizophora mangle had the highest density value (120.41±16.04 st/ha) while Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora mangle and Paspalum vaginatum respectively had the highest frequency value (100%) Rhizophora mangle was the tallest species (11.50±1.37 m) as well as the species with the widest coverage (10.68±1.08 m2/ha). Elaeis guineensis had the largest (1.79±0.05 m2/ha) basal area (0.13±0.04 m2/ha). The use of PCA delineated three principal component axes (VS1, VS2 and VS3). The first, second and third axes were grouped as vegetation adaptation to salinity gradient, niche preference gradient and residual niche preference gradient, respectively. Positive associations showed nutrient levels that enhanced growth while negative relationships showed levels of nutrients that were limiting to plant performance. Conclusively, this study showed that the vegetation and soil factors in this mangrove swamp are highly interrelated, as shown by the magnitudes of correlations between them, hence, highlights that the interactions that govern mangrove abundance may produce different zonation patterns depending on the underlying environmental conditions.
RESPONSE OF SULPHUR AND ZINC NUTRITION TO THE SEED YIELD AND OIL CONTENT OF MUSTARD (CV. BARI SARISHA-14)
Authors: Sultana Rashida , Paul Swapan Kumar , Sarkar Md. Abdur Rahman , Sarkar Shubroto Kumar
Published: October 2020

The role of different nutrient elements is well established in plant metabolism. However, different crops respond differently in relation to their growth and yield. An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the response of sulphur and zinc nutrition to the seed yield and oil content of mustard (cv. BARI Sarisha-14). It, laid out in RCBD with three replications was consisted of four levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) and Zn (0, 1, 2, 3 kg ha-1). It was observed that 60 kg Sulphur ha-1 gave significantly highest seed yield, oil content and harvest index owing to the highest number of branches plant-1, siliqua plant-1, seeds siliqua-1 and 1000-seed weight. Conversely, 0 kg Sulphur ha-1 provided the lowest seed yield and oil content of mustard. Again, the highest number of braches plant-1, siliqua plant-1 and seeds siliqua-1 was found at 3 kg zinc ha-1 which resulted in the highest seed yield, oil content and harvest index. The lowest performance of the yield components and yield was observed at 0 kg zinc ha-1. Interaction effect between 60 kg sulphur ha-1 and 3 kg zinc ha-1 provided the highest seed yield and stover yield because of the highest number of branches plant-1 and seeds siliqua-1 and the worst yield performance was a observed at the control treatment. Therefore, the application of sulphur and zinc at the rate of 60 kg ha-1 and 3 kg ha-1, respectively could be applied for BARI sarisha-14 for higher seed yield.
EFFICACY OF COMMERCIAL INSECTICIDES AGAINST FRUIT AND SHOOT BORER, LEUCINODES ORBONALIS GUENEE OF BRINJAL, SOLANUM MELONGENA L. IN DHADING, NEPAL
Authors: Paneru Sushma , Bharati Santosh , Rijal Sramika , Regmi Rajendra , Pandit Shailesh , Bhandari Sandesh
Published: October 2020

A study was conducted from January to June 2019 in Dhading district to identify the effective commercial insecticide against fruit and shoot borer of brinjal (Leucinodes orbonalis). A field experiment was conducted in Randomized Completely Block Design with five treatments (T1: Spinosad @ 1 ml/ 3 liters, T2: Chlorantraniliprole 1 ml/ 3 liters, T3: Cypermethrin 3 ml/ 1 liter, T4: Neem 3 ml/ 1 liter and T5: Control) and four replications. Result indicated that the fruit infestation percent and shoot damage reduction percent, fruit infestation reduction percent were highly significant with the application of insecticides. The shoot damage percent and fruit damage percent was the lowest with spinosad followed by chlorantraniliprole, cypermethrin and Neem. Thus, spinosad is the most effective insecticides for the management of fruit and shoot borer of brinjal in field conditions.
DAMAGING NATURE OF FALL ARMYWORM AND ITS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN MAIZE: A REVIEW
Authors: Acharya Shirisa , Kaphle Subham , Upadhayay Jaya , Pokhrel Abina , Paudel Sabina
Published: October 2020

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest which is arising as one of the major threats to agricultural crop production. It has around 80 host species that cause severe damage to cereals and vegetable crops. This pest was first discovered in Africa (2016) and first collected and reported in Nepal at Nawalparasi district on 9th may 2019. The larvae of FAW are found on young leaves, leaf whorls, tassels or cobs according to their growth stages. First instar larvae scrape leaves and shows pin-hole symptoms and window-pane feeding symptoms whereas in the later vegetative stages, damage results in skeletonised leaves and heavily windowed whorls. If climatic condition for pest establishment is suitable this pest could cause approximately 100% crop loss in maize if not managed in time. Regular scouting, push and pull method, black light traps, commonly available botanicals like neem locally available materials like ash and some recommended insecticides with recommended dose can be used for the control of fall armyworm. There is an urgent need for developing ecologically sustainable, economically profitable, and socially acceptable integrated pest management strategies to mitigate the impacts of the fall armyworm and not just rely on single management practice.