bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of health-related quality of life in end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and non-small-cell lung cancer patients in Serbia
Authors: Maric Dragana , Jovanovic Dragana , Nagorni-Obradovic Ljudmila , Stjepanovic Mihailo , Kisic-Tepavcevic Darija , Pekmezovic Tatjana
Published: June 2015

Objective:

Under conditions in which palliative care has not yet become part of clinical practice, the differences in palliative care needs between patients with cancer and other life-limiting diseases can yield knowledge that will be very valuable for future planning. The aim of our investigation was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and those with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Belgrade, Serbia. We also evaluated the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors on HRQoL for both patient groups.

Method:

This cross-sectional study included 100 NSCLC patients (stages IIIb and IV) and 100 patients with stage IV COPD. Measures included the SF-36 questionnaire, the EORTC QLQ–C30, the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Associations of demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors with QoL were examined using linear regression analyses.

Results:

The COPD group scored significantly lower compared to NSCLC patients in all SF-36 domains except for bodily pain. Additionally, a significantly higher level of depressive symptoms was observed in COPD patients. A worse physical QoL for COPD patients was independently associated with a longer duration of unemployment, a lack of wage earning, lower Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores, and higher levels of depression. A worse mental QoL for COPD patients was related to a longer duration of disease, poorer KPS scores, and higher BDI scores. The independent variables significantly associated with worse physical and mental QoL of NSCLC patients were lower KPS and higher BDI scores.

Significance of Results:

A worse QoL, a significantly higher level of depressive symptoms, and adverse socioeconomic status in the COPD group imposes the need for development of more intensive psychosocial and community support for COPD patients during implementation of palliative care.
Distinct domains in Bub1 localize RZZ and BubR1 to kinetochores to regulate the checkpoint
Authors: Zhang Gang , Lischetti Tiziana , Hayward Daniel G. , Nilsson Jakob
Published: June 2015

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures proper chromosome segregation by delaying anaphase onset in response to unattached kinetochores. Checkpoint signalling requires the kinetochore localization of the Mad1–Mad2 complex that in more complex eukaryotes depends on the Rod–Zwilch–ZW10 (RZZ) complex. The kinetochore protein Zwint has been proposed to be the kinetochore receptor for RZZ, but here we show that Bub1 and not Zwint is required for RZZ recruitment. We find that the middle region of Bub1 encompassing a domain essential for SAC signalling contributes to RZZ localization. In addition, we show that a distinct region in Bub1 mediates kinetochore localization of BubR1 through direct binding, but surprisingly removal of this region increases checkpoint strength. Our work thus uncovers how Bub1 coordinates checkpoint signalling by distinct domains for RZZ and BubR1 recruitment and suggests that Bub1 localizes antagonistic checkpoint activities.
Biological invasion and biological control select for different life histories
Authors: Tayeh Ashraf , Hufbauer Ruth A. , Estoup Arnaud , Ravigné Virginie , Frachon Léa , Facon Benoit
Published: June 2015

Biological invaders have long been hypothesized to exhibit the fast end of the life-history spectrum, with early reproduction and a short lifespan. Here, we examine the rapid evolution of life history within the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis. The species, once used as a biological control agent, is now a worldwide invader. We show that biocontrol populations have evolved a classic fast life history during their maintenance in laboratories. Invasive populations also reproduce earlier than native populations, but later than biocontrol ones. Invaders allocate more resources to reproduction than native and biocontrol individuals, and their reproduction is spread over a longer lifespan. This life history is best described as a bet-hedging strategy. We assert that invasiveness cannot be explained only by invoking faster life histories. Instead, the evolution of life history within invasive populations can progress rapidly and converge to a fine-tuned evolutionary match between the invaded environment and the invader.
Theoretical predictions on the electronic structure and charge carrier mobility in 2D Phosphorus sheets
Authors: Xiao Jin , Long Mengqiu , Zhang Xiaojiao , Ouyang Jun , Xu Hui , Gao Yongli
Published: June 2015

We have investigated the electronic structure and carrier mobility of four types of phosphorous monolayer sheet (α-P, β-P,γ-P and δ-P) using density functional theory combined with Boltzmann transport method and relaxation time approximation. It is shown that α-P, β-P and γ-P are indirect gap semiconductors, while δ-P is a direct one. All four sheets have ultrahigh carrier mobility and show anisotropy in-plane. The highest mobility value is ~3 × 105 cm2V−1s−1, which is comparable to that of graphene. Because of the huge difference between the hole and electron mobilities, α-P, γ-P and δ-P sheets can be considered as n-type semiconductors and β-P sheet can be considered as a p-type semiconductor. Our results suggest that phosphorous monolayer sheets can be considered as a new type of two dimensional materials for applications in optoelectronics and nanoelectronic devices.
Formation of carbonatite-related giant rare-earth-element deposits by the recycling of marine sediments
Authors: Hou Zengqian , Liu Yan , Tian Shihong , Yang Zhiming , Xie Yuling
Published: June 2015

Carbonatite-associated rare-earth-element (REE) deposits are the most significant source of the world’s REEs; however, their genesis remains unclear. Here, we present new Sr-Nd-Pb and C-O isotopic data for Cenozoic carbonatite-hosted giant REE deposits in southwest China. These REE deposits are located along the western margin of the Yangtze Craton that experienced Proterozoic lithospheric accretion and controlled by Cenozoic strike-slip faults related to Indo-Asian continental collision. The Cenozoic carbonatites were emplaced as stocks or dykes with associated syenites and tend to be extremely enriched in Ba, Sr and REEs and have high 87Sr/86Sr ratios (>0.7055). These carbonatites were likely formed by melting of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), which had been previously metasomatized by high-flux REE- and CO2-rich fluids derived from subducted marine sediments. The fertility of these carbonatites depends on the release of REEs from recycled marine sediments and on the intensity of metasomatic REE refertilization of the SCLM. We suggest that cratonic edges, particularly along ancient convergent margins, possess the optimal configuration for generating giant REE deposits; therefore, areas of metamorphic basement bounded or cut by translithospheric faults along cratonic edges have a high potential for such deposits.
Identifying enhanced cortico-basal ganglia loops associated with prolonged dance training
Authors: Li Gujing , He Hui , Huang Mengting , Zhang Xingxing , Lu Jing , Lai Yongxiu , Luo Cheng , Yao Dezhong
Published: June 2015

Studies have revealed that prolonged, specialized training combined with higher cognitive conditioning induces enhanced brain alternation. In particular, dancers with long-term dance experience exhibit superior motor control and integration with their sensorimotor networks. However, little is known about the functional connectivity patterns of spontaneous intrinsic activities in the sensorimotor network of dancers. Our study examined the functional connectivity density (FCD) of dancers with a mean period of over 10 years of dance training in contrast with a matched non-dancer group without formal dance training using resting-state fMRI scans. FCD was mapped and analyzed and the functional connectivity (FC) analyses were then performed based on the difference of FCD. Compared to the non-dancers, the dancers exhibited significantly increased FCD in the precentral gyri, postcentral gyri and bilateral putamen. Furthermore, the results of the FC analysis revealed enhanced connections between the middle cingulate cortex and the bilateral putamen and between the precentral and the postcentral gyri. All findings indicated an enhanced functional integration in the cortico-basal ganglia loops that govern motor control and integration in dancers. These findings might reflect improved sensorimotor function for the dancers consequent to long-term dance training.
A comparative analysis of high-throughput platforms for validation of a circulating microRNA signature in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Farr Ryan J. , Januszewski Andrzej S. , Joglekar Mugdha V. , Liang Helena , McAulley Annie K. , Hewitt Alex W. , Thomas Helen E. , Loudovaris Tom , Kay Thomas W. H. , Jenkins Alicia , Hardikar Anandwardhan A.
Published: June 2015

MicroRNAs are now increasingly recognized as biomarkers of disease progression. Several quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) platforms have been developed to determine the relative levels of microRNAs in biological fluids. We systematically compared the detection of cellular and circulating microRNA using a standard 96-well platform, a high-content microfluidics platform and two ultra-high content platforms. We used extensive analytical tools to compute inter- and intra-run variability and concordance measured using fidelity scoring, coefficient of variation and cluster analysis. We carried out unprejudiced next generation sequencing to identify a microRNA signature for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and systematically assessed the validation of this signature on clinical samples using each of the above four qPCR platforms. The results indicate that sensitivity to measure low copy number microRNAs is inversely related to qPCR reaction volume and that the choice of platform for microRNA biomarker validation should be made based on the abundance of miRNAs of interest.
Age-dependent variation in cytokines, chemokines and biologic analytes rinsed from the surface of healthy human skin
Authors: Kinn Patrick M. , Holdren Grant O. , Westermeyer Brittney A. , Abuissa Mousa , Fischer Carol L. , Fairley Janet A. , Brogden Kim A. , Brogden Nicole K.
Published: June 2015

In the skin, aging is associated with overall epidermal thinning, decreased barrier function and gradual deterioration of the epidermal immune response. However, the presence and role of cytokines, chemokines and biologic analytes (CCBAs) in immunosenescence are not known. Here we identified age-related changes in skin properties and CCBAs from stratum corneum of healthy human subjects, providing a means to utilize CCBAs as benchmarks for aging skin health. Transepidermal water loss and a(*) (skin redness) decreased in an age-dependent manner and were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Groups 2 (56.6 ± 4.6 years) and 3 (72.9 ± 3.0 years) vs. Group 1 (24.3 ± 2.8 years). In skin wash fluid, 48 CCBAs were detected; seven were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Groups 2 and 3: EGF, FGF-2, IFNα2, IL-1RA, HSA, keratin-6 and involucrin; cortisol was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Groups 2 and 3. Our results correspond with the pro-inflammatory shift that occurs with immunosenescence and also provides basis for understanding the inflammatory changes in normal aging skin.
B cells Using Calcium Signaling for Specific and Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Wang Ling , Wang Ronghui , Kong Byung-Whi , Jin Sha , Ye Kaiming , Fang Weihuan , Li Yanbin
Published: June 2015

A rapid and sensitive detection technology is highly desirable for specific detection of E. coli O157:H7, one of the leading bacterial pathogens causing foodborne illness. In this study, we reported the rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7 by using calcium signaling of the B cell upon cellular membrane anchors anti-E. coli O157:H7 IgM. The binding of E. coli O157:H7 to the IgM on B cell surface activates the B cell receptor (BCR)-induced Ca2+ signaling pathway and results in the release of Ca2+ within seconds. The elevated intracellular Ca2+ triggers Fura-2, a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, for reporting the presence of pathogens. The Fura-2 is transferred to B cells before detection. The study demonstrated that the developed B cell based biosensor was able to specifically detect E. coli O157:H7 at the low concentration within 10 min in pure culture samples. Finally, the B cell based biosensor was used for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef samples. With its short detection time and high sensitivity at the low concentration of the target bacteria, this B cell biosensor shows promise in future application of the high throughput and rapid food detection, biosafety and environmental monitoring.
Tunable Bistability in Hybrid Bose-Einstein Condensate Optomechanics
Authors: Yasir Kashif Ammar , Liu Wu-Ming
Published: June 2015

Cavity-optomechanics, a rapidly developing area of research, has made a remarkable progress. A stunning manifestation of optomechanical phenomena is in exploiting the mechanical effects of light to couple the optical degree of freedom with mechanical degree of freedom. In this report, we investigate the controlled bistable dynamics of such hybrid optomechanical system composed of cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped inside high-finesse optical cavity with one moving-end mirror and is driven by a single mode optical field. The numerical results provide evidence for controlled optical bistability in optomechanics using transverse optical field which directly interacts with atoms causing the coupling of transverse field with momentum side modes, exited by intra-cavity field. This technique of transverse field coupling is also used to control bistable dynamics of both moving-end mirror and BEC. The report provides an understanding of temporal dynamics of moving-end mirror and BEC with respect to transverse field. Moreover, dependence of effective potential of the system on transverse field has also been discussed. To observe this phenomena in laboratory, we have suggested a certain set of experimental parameters. These findings provide a platform to investigate the tunable behavior of novel phenomenon like electromagnetically induced transparency and entanglement in hybrid systems.
MTHFR C677T polymorphism interaction with heavy alcohol consumption increases head and neck carcinoma risk
Authors: Zhuo Xianlu , Song Jue , Li Dairong , Wu Yongzhong , Zhou Qi
Published: June 2015

MTHFR C677T polymorphism has been indicated to be a risk factor for cancers, but its association with head and neck cancer (HNC) risk remains inconclusive. In the present study, we aimed to get a more precise estimation by performing a quantitative meta-analysis. Published papers up to Jun 2014 was searched and screened. Necessary information was rigorously extracted for data pooling and analyzing and then, subgroup analyses on ethnicity, source of controls, sample size, tumor type, smoking and drinking status were also carried out. As a result, twenty-three case-control studies including 14298 subjects were included. The overall data failed to reveal a significant association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and HNC risk (homozygote comparison model: OR = 1.16; 95%CI = 0.93-1.45; dominant model: OR = 1.05; 95%CI = 0.90-1.21; recessive model: OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 0.93-1.38). However, in the subgroup analysis about drinking status, increase risk was shown in the heavy drinking subgroup (TT vs CC: OR = 3.11; 95%CI = 1.52-3.02). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that Homozygous TT alleles of MTHFR C677T polymorphism might be a risk factor for HNC among individuals who have a heavy drinking history. Further studies are needed to get a more definitive conclusion.
CO2-Selective Nanoporous Metal-Organic Framework Microcantilevers
Authors: Yim Changyong , Lee Moonchan , Yun Minhyuk , Kim Gook-Hee , Kim Kyong Tae , Jeon Sangmin
Published: June 2015

Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) microcantilevers are fabricated and MIL-53 (Al) metal-organic framework (MOF) layers are directly synthesized on each cantilever surface by using the aluminum oxide as the metal ion source. Exposure of the MIL53-AAO cantilevers to various concentrations of CO2, N2, CO and Ar induces changes in their deflections and resonance frequencies. The results of the resonance frequency measurements for the different adsorbed gas molecules are almost identical when the frequency changes are normalized by the molecular weights of the gases. In contrast, the deflection measurements show that only CO2 adsorption induces substantial bending of the MIL53-AAO cantilevers. This selective deflection of the cantilevers is attributed to the strong interactions between CO2 and the hydroxyl groups in MIL-53, which induce structural changes in the MIL-53 layers. Simultaneous measurements of the resonance frequency and the deflection are performed to show that the diffusion of CO2 into the nanoporous MIL-53 layers occurs very rapidly, whereas the binding of CO2 to hydroxyl groups occurs relatively slowly, which indicates that the adsorption of CO2 onto the MIL-53 layers and the desorption of CO2 from the MIL-53 layers are reaction limited.
Primary Macrophage Chemotaxis Induced by Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonists Occurs Independently of the CB2 Receptor
Authors: Taylor Lewis , Christou Ivy , Kapellos Theodore S. , Buchan Alice , Brodermann Maximillian H. , Gianella-Borradori Matteo , Russell Angela , Iqbal Asif J. , Greaves David R.
Published: June 2015

Activation of CB2 has been demonstrated to induce directed immune cell migration. However, the ability of CB2 to act as a chemoattractant receptor in macrophages remains largely unexplored. Using a real-time chemotaxis assay and a panel of chemically diverse and widely used CB2 agonists, we set out to examine whether CB2 modulates primary murine macrophage chemotaxis. We report that of 12 agonists tested, only JWH133, HU308, L-759,656 and L-759,633 acted as macrophage chemoattractants. Surprisingly, neither pharmacological inhibition nor genetic ablation of CB2 had any effect on CB2 agonist-induced macrophage chemotaxis. As chemotaxis was pertussis toxin sensitive in both WT and CB2-/- macrophages, we concluded that a non-CB1/CB2, Gi/o-coupled GPCR must be responsible for CB2 agonist-induced macrophage migration. The obvious candidate receptors GPR18 and GPR55 could not mediate JWH133 or HU308-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement or JWH133-induced β-arrestin recruitment in cells transfected with either receptor, demonstrating that neither are the unidentified GPCR. Taken together our results conclusively demonstrate that CB2 is not a chemoattractant receptor for murine macrophages. Furthermore we show for the first time that JWH133, HU308, L-759,656 and L-759,633 have off-target effects of functional consequence in primary cells and we believe that our findings have wide ranging implications for the entire cannabinoid field.
Fatal H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Infection in a Domestic Cat and Wild Birds in China
Authors: Yu Zhijun , Gao Xiaolong , Wang Tiecheng , Li Yanbing , Li Yongcheng , Xu Yu , Chu Dong , Sun Heting , Wu Changjiang , Li Shengnan , Wang Haijun , Li Yuanguo , Xia Zhiping , Lin Weishi , Qian Jun , Chen Hualan , Xia Xianzhu , Gao Yuwei
Published: June 2015

H5N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) may pose a potential human risk as suggested by the first documented naturally-acquired human H5N6 virus infection in 2014. Here, we report the first cases of fatal H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in a domestic cat and wild birds. These cases followed human H5N6 infections in China and preceded an H5N6 outbreak in chickens. The extensive migration routes of wild birds may contribute to the geographic spread of H5N6 AIVs and pose a risk to humans and susceptible domesticated animals and the H5N6 AIVs may spread from southern China to northern China by wild birds. Additional surveillance is required to better understand the threat of zoonotic transmission of AIVs.
Genetically Engineered Ascorbic acid-deficient Live Mutants of Leishmania donovani induce long lasting Protective Immunity against Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Anand Sneha , Madhubala Rentala
Published: June 2015

Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovaniis the most severe systemic form of the disease. There are still no vaccines available for humans and there are limitations associated with the current therapeutic regimens for leishmaniasis. Recently, we reported functional importance of Arabino-1, 4-lactone oxidase (ALO) enzyme fromL. donovaniinvolved in ascorbate biosynthesis pathway. In this study, we have shown thatΔALOparasites do not affect the ability of null mutants to invade visceral organs but severely impair parasite persistence beyond 16 week in BALB/c mice and hence are safe as an immunogen. Both short term (5 week) and long term (20 week) immunization withΔALOparasites conferred sustained protection against virulent challenge in BALB/c mice, activated splenocytes and resulted in induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Protection in immunized mice after challenge correlated with the stimulation of IFN-γ producing CD4+and CD8+T cells. Antigen-mediated cell immunity correlated with robust nitrite and superoxide generation, macrophage-derived oxidants critical in controllingLeishmaniainfection. Our data shows that live attenuatedΔALOparasites are safe, induce protective immunity and can provide sustained protection againstLeishmania donovani.We further conclude that the parasites attenuated in their anti-oxidative defence mechanism can be exploited as vaccine candidates.
Identification, Phylogeny and Transcript of Chitinase Family Genes in Sugarcane
Authors: Su Yachun , Xu Liping , Wang Shanshan , Wang Zhuqing , Yang Yuting , Chen Yun , Que Youxiong
Published: June 2015

Chitinases are pathogensis-related proteins, which play an important role in plant defense mechanisms. The role of the sugarcane chitinase family genes remains unclear due to the highly heterozygous and aneuploidy chromosome genetic background of sugarcane. Ten differentially expressed chitinase genes (belonging to class I~VII) were obtained from RNA-seq analysis of both incompatible and compatible sugarcane genotypes during Sporisorium scitamineum challenge. Their structural properties and expression patterns were analyzed. Seven chitinases (ScChiI1, ScChiI2, ScChiI3, ScChiIII1, ScChiIII2, ScChiIV1 and ScChiVI1) showed more positive with early response and maintained increased transcripts in the incompatible interaction than those in the compatible one. Three (ScChiII1, ScChiV1 and ScChiVII1) seemed to have no significant difference in expression patterns between incompatible and compatible interactions. The ten chitinases were expressed differentially in response to hormone treatment as well as having distinct tissue specificity. ScChiI1, ScChiIV1 and ScChiVII1 were induced by various abiotic stresses (NaCl, CuCl2, PEG and 4 °C) and their involvement in plant immunity was demonstrated by over-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The results suggest that sugarcane chitinase family exhibit differential responses to biotic and abiotic stress, providing new insights into their function.
Effects of straw mulch on soil water and winter wheat production in dryland farming
Authors: Peng Zhang , Ting Wei , Haixia Wang , Min Wang , Xiangping Meng , Siwei Mou , Rui Zhang , Zhikuan Jia , Qingfang Han
Published: June 2015

The soil water supply is the main factor that limits dryland crop production in China. In a three-year field experiment at a dryland farming experimental station, we evaluated the effects of various straw mulch practices on soil water storage, grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Field experiments were conducted with six different mulch combinations (two different mulch durations and three different mulch amounts): high (SM1; 9000 kg ha−1), medium (SM2; 6000 kg ha−1) and low (SM3; 3000 kg ha−1) straw mulch treatments for the whole period; and high (SM4), medium (SM5) and low (SM6) straw mulch treatments during the growth period only, where the control was the whole period without mulch (CK). Throughout the whole growth period of the three-year experiment, the average soil water content in the 0–200 cm soil layer increased by 0.7–22.5% compared with CK, while the WUE increased significantly by 30.6%, 32.7% and 24.2% with SM1, SM2 and SM3, respectively (P < 0.05). The yield increased by 13.3–23.0% when mulch was provided during the growth period, while the WUE increased by 15.2%, 17.2% and 18.0% with SM4, SM5 and SM6, respectively, compared with CK.
Short-wavelength infrared photodetector on Si employing strain-induced growth of very tall InAs nanowire arrays
Authors: Wook Shin Hyun , Jun Lee Sang , Gun Kim Doo , Bae Myung-Ho , Heo Jaeyeong , Jin Choi Kyoung , Jun Choi Won , Choe Jeong-woo , Cheol Shin Jae
Published: June 2015

One-dimensional crystal growth enables the epitaxial integration of III-V compound semiconductors onto a silicon (Si) substrate despite significant lattice mismatch. Here, we report a short-wavelength infrared (SWIR, 1.4–3 μm) photodetector that employs InAs nanowires (NWs) grown on Si. The wafer-scale epitaxial InAs NWs form on the Si substrate without a metal catalyst or pattern assistance; thus, the growth is free of metal-atom-induced contaminations and is also cost-effective. InAs NW arrays with an average height of 50 μm provide excellent anti-reflective and light trapping properties over a wide wavelength range. The photodetector exhibits a peak detectivity of 1.9 × 108  cm·Hz1/2/W for the SWIR band at 77 K and operates at temperatures as high as 220 K. The SWIR photodetector on the Si platform demonstrated in this study is promising for future low-cost optical sensors and Si photonics.
A core-shell-shell nanoplatform upconverting near-infrared light at 808 nm for luminescence imaging and photodynamic therapy of cancer
Authors: Ai Fujin , Ju Qiang , Zhang Xiaoman , Chen Xian , Wang Feng , Zhu Guangyu
Published: June 2015

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been extensively explored for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and imaging due to their representative large anti-Stokes shifts, deep penetration into biological tissues, narrow emission bands and high spatial-temporal resolution. Conventional UCNP-based PDT system, however, utilizes exitation at 980 nm, at which water has significant absorption, leading to a huge concern that the cell killing effect is from the irradiation due to overheating effect. Here we report an efficient nanoplatform using 808-nm excited NaYbF4:Nd@NaGdF4:Yb/Er@NaGdF4 core−shell−shell nanoparticles loaded with Chlorin e6 and folic acid for simultaneous imaging and PDT. At this wavelength, the absorption of water is minimized. High energy transfer efficiency is achieved to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen. Our nanoplatform effectively kills cancer cells in concentration-, time- and receptor-dependent manners. More importantly, our nanoplatform is still able to efficiently generate singlet oxygen beneath 15-mm thickness of muscle tissue but 980 nm excitation cannot, showing that a higher penetration depth is achieved by our system. These results imply that our nanoplatform has the ability to effectively kill intrinsic tumor or the center of large tumors through PDT, which significantly improves the anticancer efficacy using UCNP-based PDT system and broadens the types of tumors that could be cured.
Local proliferation is the main source of rod microglia after optic nerve transection
Authors: Yuan Ti-Fei , Liang Yu-Xiang , Peng Bo , Lin Bin , So Kwok-Fai
Published: June 2015

Microglia are the resident phagocytic cells with various functions in the central nervous system and the morphologies of microglia imply the different stages and functions. In optical nerve transection (ONT) model in the retina, the retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) induces microglial activations to a unique morphology termed “rod” microglia. A few studies described the “rod” microglia in the cortex and retina; however, the function and origin of “rod” microglia are largely unknown. In the present study, we firstly studied the temporal appearance of “rod” microglia after ONT and found the “rod” microglia emerge at approximately 7 days after ONT and peak during 14 to 21 days. Interestingly, the number of “rod” microglia remarkably decays after 6 weeks. Secondly, the “rod” microglia eliminate the degenerating RGC debris by phagocytosis. Moreover, we found the major source of “rod” microgliosis is local proliferation rather than the infiltration of peripheral monocytes/hematopoietic stem cells. We for the first time described the appearance of “rod” retinal microglia following optic nerve transection.
Dynamic mode coupling in terahertz metamaterials
Authors: Su Xiaoqiang , Ouyang Chunmei , Xu Ningning , Tan Siyu , Gu Jianqiang , Tian Zhen , Singh Ranjan , Zhang Shuang , Yan Fengping , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili
Published: June 2015

The near and far field coupling behavior in plasmonic and metamaterial systems have been extensively studied over last few years. However, most of the coupling mechanisms reported in the past have been passive in nature which actually fail to control the coupling mechanism dynamically in the plasmonic metamaterial lattice array. Here, we demonstrate a dynamic mode coupling between resonators in a hybrid metal-semiconductor metamaterial comprised of metallic concentric rings that are physically connected with silicon bridges. The dielectric function of silicon can be instantaneously modified by photodoped carriers thus tailoring the coupling characteristics between the metallic resonators. Based on the experimental results, a theoretical model is developed, which shows that the optical responses depend on mode coupling that originates from the variation of the damping rate and coupling coefficient of the resonance modes. This particular scheme enables an in-depth understanding of the fundamental coupling mechanism and, therefore, the dynamic coupling enables functionalities and applications for designing on-demand reconfigurable metamaterial and plasmonic devices.
Structures, stabilities and electronic properties of defects in monolayer black phosphorus
Authors: Li Xi-Bo , Guo Pan , Cao Teng-Fei , Liu Hao , Lau Woon-Ming , Liu Li-Min
Published: June 2015

The structures, stabilities and electronic properties of monolayer black phosphorus (M-BP) with different kinds of defects are investigated within the frame of density-functional theory. All the possible configurations of defects in M-BP are explored and the calculated results suggest that the stabilities of the configurations with different kinds of defects are greatly related to broken bonds, structural deformation and the character of the bonding. The configurations with two or three vacancies are energetically more favorable than the ones with a single vacancy. Meanwhile, the doping of two foreign atoms, such as sulfur, silicon or aluminum, is more stable than that of the corresponding single dopant. The electronic properties of M-BP are greatly affected by the types of defects. The single S-doped M-BP not only retains the character of a direct semiconductor, but it also can enlarge the band gap by 0.24 eV relative to the perfect one. Such results reveal that the defects not only greatly affect the electronic properties, but they also can be used as an effective way to modulate the band gap for the different applications of M-BP in electronic devices.
Centrifugal microfluidic platforms: advanced unit operations and applications
Authors: Strohmeier O. , Keller M. , Schwemmer F. , Zehnle S. , Mark D. , von Stetten F. , Zengerle R. , Paust N.
Published: June 2015

Review on miniaturization, integration, and automation of laboratory processes within centrifugal microfluidic platforms. For efficient implementation of applications, building blocks are categorized into unit operations and process chains.
Oxidovanadium(v) complexes of aroylhydrazones incorporating heterocycles: synthesis, characterization and study of DNA binding, photo-induced DNA cleavage and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Dash Subhashree P. , Panda Alok K. , Pasayat Sagarika , Dinda Rupam , Biswas Ashis , Tiekink Edward R. T. , Mukhopadhyay Subhadip , Bhutia Sujit K. , Kaminsky Werner , Sinn Ekkehard
Published: June 2015

The interaction of four neutral oxidovanadium(v) complexes with DNA and their cytotoxic activities have been reported.
Development of a method for detecting trace metals in aqueous solutions based on the coordination chemistry of hexahydrotriazines
Authors: Wojtecki Rudy J. , Yuen Alexander Y. , Zimmerman Thomas G. , Jones Gavin O. , Horn Hans W. , Boday Dylan J. , Hedrick James L. , García Jeannette M.
Published: June 2015

The detection of trace amounts (<10 ppb) of heavy metals in aqueous solutions is described using hexahydrotriazines as a chemical indicator and a low cost fluorimeter-based detection system.
Uranium triamidoamine chemistry
Authors: Gardner Benedict M. , Liddle Stephen T.
Published: June 2015

Uranium triamidoamine chemistry is reviewed.
Copper(ii)-catalyzed oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of secondary amines with α-diazo compounds: a facile and efficient synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Li Yi-Jin , Li Xue , Zhang Shao-Xiao , Zhao Yu-Long , Liu Qun
Published: June 2015

A novel copper-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of secondary amines with α-diazo compounds has been developed via a cross-dehydrogenative coupling process under very mild conditions with molecular oxygen as a co-oxidant.
Energy migration within hexameric hemoprotein reconstituted with Zn porphyrinoid molecules
Authors: Oohora Koji , Mashima Tsuyoshi , Ohkubo Kei , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Hayashi Takashi
Published: June 2015

Zn porphyrinoid molecules were assembled in hexameric hemoprotein matrices to afford photosensitizer arrays to replicate a light harvesting system.
1Rational design of a charge shunt: modification upon crystal facet engineering of semiconductor photocatalysts
Authors: Feng Wenhui , Weng Sunxian , Zheng Zuyang , Fang Zhibin , Liu Ping
Published: June 2015

Another carrier-shunt is artificially bridged over different facets of a semiconductor, achieving the unique facet-driven charge dual-selectivity-channel separation during photocatalysis.
Recent advances in the development of synthetic chemical probes for glycosidase enzymes
Authors: Burke Helen M. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur , Scanlan Eoin M.
Published: June 2015

A review of synthetic glycoconjugates as chemical probes for the detection of glycosidase enzymes and recent applications.
Luminescent lanthanide graphene for detection of bacterial spores and cysteine
Authors: Wang Yuzhen , Li Ying , Qi Wenjin , Song Yujun
Published: June 2015

A luminescent lanthanide graphene based biosensor was developed for detection of dipicolinic acid and cysteine.
On-surface polymerization on a semiconducting oxide: aryl halide coupling controlled by surface hydroxyl groups on rutile TiO2(011)
Authors: Kolmer Marek , Zuzak Rafal , Ahmad Zebari Amir A. , Godlewski Szymon , Prauzner-Bechcicki Jakub S. , Piskorz Witold , Zasada Filip , Sojka Zbigniew , Bléger David , Hecht Stefan , Szymonski Marek
Published: June 2015

The covalent coupling of aryl halide monomers on the rutile TiO2(011)-(2 × 1) surface requires the presence of surface hydroxyl groups and is controlled by their density.
Efficient synthesis of the Cu-SSZ-39 catalyst for DeNOx applications
Authors: Martín Nuria , Boruntea Cristian R. , Moliner Manuel , Corma Avelino
Published: June 2015

By using a faujasite zeolite as the sole Si and Al source with simple ammonium cyclic cations, it has been possible to synthesize the SSZ-39 zeolite with high yields, and to prepare a catalyst for potential industrial applications in the SCR of NOx.
Alkoxylated dehydrobenzo[12]annulene on Au(111): from single molecules to quantum dot molecular networks
Authors: Schouteden Koen , Ivanova Tsveta , Li Zhe , Iancu Violeta , Tahara Kazukuni , Tobe Yoshito , Adisoejoso Jinne , De Feyter Steven , Van Haesendonck Chris , Janssens Ewald
Published: June 2015

We demonstrate the effective confinement of surface electrons in the pores of molecular networks formed by dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) molecules with butoxy groups (DBA-OC4) on Au(111).
Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of terminal alkynes with ene-yne-ketones: access to conjugated enynes via metal carbene migratory insertion
Authors: Xia Ying , Liu Zhen , Ge Rui , Xiao Qing , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: June 2015

Pd-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of terminal alkynes with ene-yne-ketones has been developed, in which the ene-yne-ketones are served as carbene precursors and metal carbene migratory insertion process is the key step for C–C bond formation.
The synthesis of optically active N–C axially chiral tetrahydroquinoline and its response to an acid-accelerated molecular rotor
Authors: Suzuki Yuya , Kageyama Masato , Morisawa Ryuichi , Dobashi Yasuo , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Yokojima Satoshi , Kitagawa Osamu
Published: June 2015

The synthesis of an optically active N–C axially chiral amine and its response to a new type of acid-accelerated molecular rotor were achieved.
Supramolecular metallacycles with a ‘pseudo double-paracyclophane’ structure based on flexible π-conjugated linkers
Authors: Shen W. , El Sayed Moussa M. , Yao Y. , Lescop C.
Published: June 2015

Coordination-driven supramolecular synthesis of new supramolecular π-stacked metallacycles based on flexible π-conjugated linkers and having a ‘pseudo double-paracyclophane’ structure is presented.
Effect of the functionalisation route on a Zr-MOF with an Ir–NHC complex for catalysis
Authors: Carson Fabian , Martínez-Castro Elisa , Marcos Rocío , Miera Greco González , Jansson Kjell , Zou Xiaodong , Martín-Matute Belén
Published: June 2015

A new iridium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metallolinker has been synthesised and introduced into a metal–organic framework (MOF), for the first time, via two different routes: direct synthesis and postsynthetic exchange (PSE).
Isotetronic acids from an oxidative cyclization
Authors: Zhou Zhe , Walleser Patrick M. , Tius Marcus A.
Published: June 2015

Oxidation of methyl enones with selenium dioxide leads to a cascade of reactions culminating in the formation of isotetronic acids.
Syntheses, characterization and properties of nine novel Zn(ii) coordination polymers based on 4,4′-(phenylazanediyl)dibenzoic acid and various N-donor ligands
Authors: Zhao Lun , Guo Huadong , Tang Dong , Zhang Min
Published: June 2015

An 2D sheet consists of two kind of 1D helical chains. The corresponding helical chains in adjoining layers exhibit the opposite handedness.
Tunable aromaticity in bicalicenes
Authors: Mandado Marcos , Ramos-Berdullas Nicolás
Published: June 2015

By transferring electron charge from cyclopropene to cyclopentadiene rings the aromaticity of bicalicenes may be controlled chemically or electrically.
Classification of the mechanisms of photoinduced electron transfer from aromatic amino acids to the excited flavins in flavoproteins
Authors: Tanaka Fumio , Lugsanangarm Kiattisak , Nunthaboot Nadtanet , Nueangaudom Arthit , Pianwanit Somsak , Kokpol Sirirat , Taniguchi Seiji , Chosrowjan Haik
Published: June 2015

Emission wavelength-dependence of the relationship between logarithmic ET ratevs.donor–acceptor distance in pyranose 2-oxidase.
Insights into the mechanism of oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate catalysed by human class 2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase: a QM/MM free energy study
Authors: Alves Cláudio Nahum , Silva José Rogério A. , Roitberg Adrian E.
Published: June 2015

The catalytic mechanism of oxidation of DHO to OA in the human DHOD enzyme is described by QM/MM and PMF calculations.
Theoretical survey of the ligand tunability of poly(azolyl)borates
Authors: Lu Dongmei , Tang Huarong
Published: June 2015

The structural anomaly (an inverse bond strength–bond distance relationship) and the ligand tunability of the poly(azolyl)borate family are discussed.
Realization of a highly effective Pd–Cu–Clx/Al2O3 catalyst for low temperature CO oxidation by pre-synthesizing the active copper phase of Cu2Cl(OH)3
Authors: Du Xuexun , Li Hui-Ying , Yu Jun , Xiao Xiuzhen , Shi Zhangping , Mao Dongsen , Lu Guanzhong
Published: June 2015

The Pd–Cu–Clx/Al2O3 catalysts (PCC) were prepared by a two-step impregnation (TI) method in organic solvent, wet impregnation (WI) method and NH3 coordination-impregnation (CI) method.
Kinetics of cisplatin binding to short r(GG) containing miRNA mimics – influence of Na+versus K+, temperature and hydrophobicity on reactivity
Authors: Alshiekh Alak , Clausén Maria , Elmroth Sofi K. C.
Published: June 2015

Nucleic acids are well recognized targets for platinum-based anticancer drugs, with RNA and DNA being kinetically comparable.
Photophysical tuning of the aggregation-induced emission of a series of para-substituted aryl bis(imino)acenaphthene zinc complexes
Authors: Evans Daniel A. , Lee Lucia Myongwon , Vargas-Baca Ignacio , Cowley Alan H.
Published: June 2015

Bis(imino)acenaphthene (BIAN) zinc complexes with para-substituted aryl groups have been synthesized and investigated from the standpoint of their photophysical properties.
Influence of PNIPAm on log Kf of a copolymerized 2,2′-bipyridine: revised bifunctional ligand design for ratiometric metal-ion sensing
Authors: Massing Justin O. , Planalp Roy P.
Published: June 2015

We evaluate the effects of temperature and hydrophobicity on metal-ion sensing within a temperature-responsive indicator for environmental sensing applications.
New topology of CN-bridged clusters: dodecanuclear face-sharing defective cubes based on octacyanometallates(iv) and nickel(ii) with diimine ligands
Authors: Nowicka Beata , Näther Christian , Halemba Alexandra , Reczyński Mateusz , Sieklucka Barbara
Published: June 2015

The same frame in different decorations: two structures with the same unique topology of a CN-bridged core – a rarity among octacyanometallate-based clusters.
Kinetics of CO/CO2 and H2/H2O reactions at Ni-based and ceria-based solid-oxide-cell electrodes
Authors: Graves Christopher , Chatzichristodoulou Christodoulos , Mogensen Mogens B.
Published: June 2015

The solid oxide electrochemical cell (SOC) is an energy conversion technology that can be operated reversibly, to efficiently convert chemical fuels to electricity (fuel cell mode) as well as to store electricity as chemical fuels (electrolysis mode). The SOC fuel-electrode carries out the electrochemical reactions CO2 + 2e− ↔ CO + O2− and H2O + 2e− ↔ H2 + O2−, for which the electrocatalytic activities of different electrodes differ considerably. The relative activities in CO/CO2 and H2/H2O and the nature of the differences are not well studied, even for the most common fuel-electrode material, a composite of nickel and yttria/scandia stabilized zirconia (Ni–SZ). Ni–SZ is known to be more active for H2/H2O than for CO/CO2 reactions, but the reported relative activity varies widely. Here we compare AC impedance and DC current–overpotential data measured in the two gas environments for several different electrodes comprised of Ni–SZ, Gd-doped CeO2 (CGO), and CGO nanoparticles coating Nb-doped SrTiO3 backbones (CGOn/STN). 2D model and 3D porous electrode geometries are employed to investigate the influence of microstructure, gas diffusion and impurities.

Comparing model and porous Ni–SZ electrodes, the ratio of electrode polarization resistance in CO/CO2vs. H2/H2O decreases from 33 to 2. Experiments and modelling suggest that the ratio decreases due to a lower concentration of impurities blocking the three phase boundary and due to the nature of the reaction zone extension into the porous electrode thickness. Besides showing higher activity for H2/H2O reactions than CO/CO2 reactions, the Ni/SZ interface is more active for oxidation than reduction. On the other hand, we find the opposite behaviour in both cases for CGOn/STN model electrodes, reporting for the first time a higher electrocatalytic activity of CGO nanoparticles for CO/CO2 than for H2/H2O reactions in the absence of gas diffusion limitations. We propose that enhanced surface reduction at the CGOn/gas two phase boundary in CO/CO2 and in cathodic polarization can explain why the highest reaction rate is obtained for CO2 electrolysis. Large differences observed between model electrode kinetics and porous electrode kinetics are discussed.
Solvent tuned single molecule dual emission in protic solvents: effect of polarity and H-bonding
Authors: Chevreux S. , Allain C. , Wilbraham L. , Nakatani K. , Jacques P. , Ciofini I. , Lemercier G.
Published: June 2015

Phen-PENMe2 has recently been proposed as a promising new molecule displaying solvent-tuned dual emission, highlighting an original and newly-described charge transfer model. The study of the photophysical behaviour of this molecule was extended to include protic solvents. The effects of polarity and hydrogen bonding lead to an even more evident dual emission associated with a large multi-emission band in some solvents like methanol, highlighting Phen-PENMe2 as a promising candidate for white light emission.
Mercerisation of cellulose in aqueous NaOH at low concentrations
Authors: Duchemin B. J. C.
Published: June 2015

Low NaOH concentrations at low temperatures allow for easy cellulose mercerisation (polarised optical microscopy).
Crack healing and reclaiming of vulcanized rubber by triggering the rearrangement of inherent sulfur crosslinked networks
Authors: Xiang H. P. , Qian H. J. , Lu Z. Y. , Rong M. Z. , Zhang M. Q.
Published: June 2015

Vulcanized rubber made from an industrial formula can be healed and reclaimed by activating the rearrangement of the inherent sulfur crosslinked networks under the catalysis of CuCl2.
Robustness of a thioamide {⋯H–N–CS}2 synthon: synthesis and the effect of substituents on the formation of layered to cage-like supramolecular networks in coumarin–thiosemicarbazone hybrids
Authors: Hameed Aminah , Shafiq Zahid , Yaqub Muhammad , Hussain Mazhar , Ahmad Hafiz Badaruddin , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Naseer Muhammad Moazzam
Published: June 2015

The study has been carried out to highlight the potential of thiosemicarbazones in crystal engineering.
Facile synthesis of fluorescent polyaniline microspheres and their use for the detection of mercury ions
Authors: Wang Xiufang , Xuan Han , Zhang Jun , Chen Shaohua , Zhang Fengjun , Zou Wensheng
Published: June 2015

Bright blue fluorescent polyaniline microspheres were prepared by a simple controlled oxidation under mild conditions. A simple, highly sensitive fluorometric Hg2+ probe has been constructed.
Conformational insights and vibrational study of a promising anticancer agent: the role of the ligand in Pd(ii)–amine complexes
Authors: Fiuza Sónia M. , Amado Ana M. , Parker Stewart F. , Marques Maria Paula M. , Batista de Carvalho Luís A. E.
Published: June 2015

This study reports the first complete vibrational analysis of a dinuclear polyamine-based compound displaying antitumour properties.
A compact, all-optical, THz wave generator based on self-modulation in a slab photonic crystal waveguide with a single sub-nanometer graphene layer
Authors: Asadi R. , Ouyang Z. , Mohammd M. M.
Published: June 2015

THz self-intensity modulation is obtained by using a single sub-nanometer graphene layer inside a slab photonic crystal and converted to THz radiation by a photodetector. The modulation frequency can be tuned by the intensity and wavelength of the input laser beam.
Aliphatic acid-conjugated antimicrobial peptides – potential agents with anti-tumor, multidrug resistance-reversing activity and enhanced stability
Authors: Deng Xin , Qiu Qianqian , Ma Ke , Wang Xuekun , Huang Wenlong , Qian Hai
Published: June 2015

We have designed and synthesized a series of aliphatic acid-conjugated peptides. Biological evaluation revealed that these peptides showed improved anti-tumor activity, plasma stability over the lead compound, and also multidrug resistance-reversing effects on multidrug-resistant cells.