bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rodrigo Duterte Policy to Bangsamoro in the Southern Philippines
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Maksum Ali , Hindiarto Diar Abdi ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bustami Reevany ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Published: May 2024

The restive Bangsamoro minority's struggle for rights is part of the enduring Muslim South - Christian North political conflict in the Philippines. The Philippine government's efforts to negotiate a peace agreement with the Muslim minority have hit deadlocks and mismatches between the goals of the two parties. Specifically, this study used content analysis to examine the Philippine government's strategy during the Rodrigo Duterte era in realizing peace for this protracted conflict with the Bangsamoro minority group. The results showed that Rodrigo Duterte as achieved peace in the Bangsamoro through mediation and negotiation, tools used by the previous government. In addition, Duterte's commitment became more significant by granting regional autonomy rights to Bangsamoro.The critical element enabler of Duterte's strategy was the dual-track negotiations.
Australia-Indonesia Cooperation in Natural Disasters Management in Indonesia through the AIFDR Program 2009-2015
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta., Azizah Nur , Nafi’uddin Farhan ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research is to explain Australia's cooperation with Indonesia in managing Indonesian natural disasters through the Australia - Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction (AIFDR) programme during 2009-2015. Australia is one of the countries that actively and sympathetically engage with Indonesia on a range of social and international issues, including disaster management. The establishment of the AIFDR was prompted by the weakness of Indonesia's disaster management system, as evidenced by the establishment of a disaster management legal entity with a coordination line under the President in 2008 after several disasters. This article contains three of the many results of AIFDR cooperation during this period
Human Rights Issue in Papua: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors:   University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia, Zahidi M. Syaprin , Bin Othman Muhammad Fuad ,   Universiti Utara Malaysia
Published: May 2024

The issue of human rights in Papua has received considerable scholarly attention in recent years. Therefore, this study uses the comprehensive Scopus database to evaluate global trends in publications related to human rights in Papua. Through bibliometric analysis, the study covers the period from 1981 to 2023. The data was visualised and analysed using VOSviewer software. The results showed that international publications on human rights in Papua covered various topics such as Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, indigenous peoples, West Papua, violence, human rights, geopolitics, foreign policy, investigative journalism, indigenous peoples and local communities, collaborative journalism, pregnant women, separatism and malaria. Australia emerged as the leading country of publication, with many authors associated with its institutions. The classification of human rights issues in this study is divided into three dimensions, namely: a) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; b) International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; c) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
The Effect of Public Communication in Increasing the Effectiveness of Public Services: Case Study on Public Services in West Bandung District
Authors: Ayuna Novianty Elizabeth , Zairusi Zairusi , J. Pratama Roro Arinda Reswanti , Eryanto Septiawan Fajar , Gintings Abdorrakhman
Published: May 2024

This research aims to investigate the important role of public communication in increasing the effectiveness of public services with a locus in West Bandung Regency. As respondents, there were 153 people in the community who received various services from the district office during August 2023. The analysis focused on how effective public communication can influence positive results in providing services to the community. A quantitative approach was used in this research by collecting data through surveys and statistical analysis. The results of this research show that public communication has a positive and significant influence on public services. It is recommended that communication competency be one of the materials in training for new West Bandung Regency employees.
The Behavioral Islamic Finance: Conceptual Framework and Literature Review
Authors: Risman Asep
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework of behavioral Islamic finance, we redefine intention as an action or condition that precedes behavior. This paper examines theories, expert opinions, and several research results from scientific papers and articles as well as books from several scientific disciplines other than financial management, then makes reasoning and sequence. This paper proposes redefining intentions as actions or states that precede behavior, other than intentions in the heart. Also, some definitions and propositions of relationships between constructs are expected to be helpful for future scholarship and studies on behavioral Islamic finance and other behavioral finance studies.
Factores asociados al inadecuado control glucémico en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II de 20 a 65 años durante el periodo marzo - noviembre, 2023.
Authors: Herrera Montaño Anselmo de la Cruz , Montes Gómez Ilse Verónica , López Chávez Osmar
Published: May 2024

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo II es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por la resistencia a la insulina y la disminución de la secreción de esta hormona por el páncreas. Es una de las enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes en todo el mundo, con una estimación de 463 millones de personas afectadas en 2019 y se espera que esta cifra aumente en un 51% para el año 2045. La diabetes mellitus tipo II se asocia con varios factores de riesgo, como la obesidad, el sedentarismo, la alimentación no saludable, la hipertensión arterial, el tabaquismo y la edad avanzada. Además, existen factores genéticos que pueden aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a un mal control glucémico en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II de ambos sexos entre 20 a 65 años del Centro de Salud Huixtla en el periodo marzo 2023 – noviembre 2023. Materiales y métodos: Se realizará un estudio mixto, combinando la perspectiva cuantitativa y cualitativa, diseño descriptivo con temporalidad transversal. Se recabarán los datos por medio de una encuesta, la cual será aplicada a cada paciente de la población seleccionada durante el periodo marzo-noviembre del 2023 del Centro de Salud Urbano Huixtla, Chiapas. Conclusiones: Se tomó una muestra total de 20 pacientes los cuales cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Abarcando un rango de edad considerable desde los 41 a 65 años y con una distribución en su mayoría mujeres en un 75%, se les realizó una glicemia capilar en ayuno o casual dependiendo las condiciones en las que llegaba el paciente, de los cuales solamente el 25% se encontraba en niveles de control, El 65% de los pacientes presentan cifras de hemoglobina glucosilada mayores al 10%, sin embargo, solamente el 25% de los pacientes usaban insulina, con descontrol glicémico persistente a pesar del uso. Conclusiones: La gran mayoría de los pacientes no se encuentran comprometidos con su enfermedad y no realizan ningún tipo de cambio en su estilo de vida o los que realizan son poco eficientes, por lo que se deben impulsar proyectos y estrategias dirigidos a concientizar a los pacientes sobre la importancia de un adecuado estilo de vida y autocuidado. Palabras clave: Diabetes mellitus tipo II, insulina, nutrición, control, estilo de vida.
An anatomo-functional study of the interactivity between the paracentral lobule and the primary motor cortex
Authors: Kimura Yusuke , Yamada Shoto , Komatsu Katsuya , Enatsu Rei , Sato Ryota , Kamada Chie , Sasagawa Ayaka , Hirano Tsukasa , Arihara Masayasu , Mikuni Nobuhiro
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to understand the anatomical and functional connections between the paracentral lobule (PCL) and the primary motor cortex (M1) of the human brain.

METHODS

This retrospective study included 16 patients who underwent resection of lesions located near M1. Nine patients had lesions in the dominant hemisphere. Tractography was performed to visualize the connectivity between two regions of interest (ROIs)—the convexity and the interhemispheric fissure—that were shown by functional MRI to be activated during a finger tapping task. The number, mean length, and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the fibers between the ROIs were estimated. During surgery, subdural electrodes were placed on the brain surface, including the ROIs, using a navigation system. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) were evoked by applying electrical stimuli to the hand region of M1 using electrodes placed on the convexity and were measured with electrodes placed on the interhemispheric fissure. To verify CCEP bidirectionality, electrical stimuli were applied to electrodes on the interhemispheric fissure that showed CCEP responses. Correlations of CCEP amplitudes and latencies with the number, mean length, and mean FA value obtained from tractography were determined. The correlations between these parameters and perioperative motor functions were also analyzed.

RESULTS

Fibers of 14 patients were visualized by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Unidirectional CCEPs between the PCL and M1 were measurable in all 16 patients, and bidirectional CCEPs between them were measurable in 14 patients. There was no significant difference between the two directions in the maximum CCEP amplitude or latency (amplitude, p = 0.391; latency, p = 0.583). Neither the amplitude nor latency showed any apparent correlation with the number, mean length, or mean FA value of the fibers obtained from tractography. Pre- and postoperative motor function of the hands was not significantly correlated with CCEP amplitude or latency. The number and mean FA value of fibers obtained by DTI, as well as the maximum CCEP amplitude, varied between patients.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated an anatomical connection and a bidirectional functional connection between the PCL, including the supplementary motor area, and M1 of the human brain. The observed variability between patients suggests possible motor function plasticity. These findings may serve as a foundation for further studies.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy for first-line treatment of insular glioma
Authors: Fadel Hassan A. , Pawloski Jacob A. , Anzalone Anthony J. , Haider Sameah , Schultz Lonni R. , Kalkanis Steven N. , Robin Adam M. , Lee Ian Y.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Insular gliomas pose a significant surgical challenge due to the complex surrounding functional and vascular anatomy. The authors report their experience using a novel framework for the treatment of insular gliomas with laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and provide representative case examples emphasizing indications, rationale, and technical pearls.

METHODS

A prospectively gathered institutional database was used to identify patients with newly diagnosed insular gliomas who underwent LITT between 2015 and 2023. The proposed framework of insular glioma management is guided by tumor size and extent of extra-insular tumor involvement. Patients with tumors localized to the insula (insula-only) were treated with single-session or staged LITT. Patients with insular tumors with frontotemporal involvement (insular+) were treated with insular LITT and standard frontotemporal resection of extra-insular tumor. Clinical and volumetric lesional characteristics were analyzed, with particular emphasis on extent of cytoreductive treatment and safety.

RESULTS

Of the 261 patients treated at the authors’ institution with LITT between 2015 and 2023, 33 LITT procedures were identified involving 22 unique patients with treatment-naive insular gliomas. Of the 22 patients, 12 had insular-only tumors and were treated with LITT alone, while 10 patients had insular+ lesions and were treated with LITT and resection. The median tumor volume for insular-only tumors was 13.4 cm3 (IQR 10.6, 26.3 cm3), with a median extent of treatment of 100% (IQR 92.1%, 100%). Insular+ lesions were significantly larger, with a median volume of 81.2 cm3 (IQR 51.9, 97 cm3) and median extent of treatment of 96.6% (IQR 93.7%, 100%). All patients with insular-only tumors were discharged the day after ablation, while insular+ patients had significantly longer hospital stays, with 50% staying more than 3 days. Overall, 8% of insular-only patients had permanent neurological deficits compared with 33% of insular+ patients. Two patients’ tumors progressed during follow-up: one patient with WHO grade 4 astrocytoma and the other with diffuse glioma not otherwise specified. Patients with grade 4 tumors had the highest rate of permanent neurological deficit (43%) and a larger decline in postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status score (p = 0.046).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors present their experience using a novel insular glioma treatment paradigm that incorporates LITT into the broader framework of insular glioma surgery. Their findings suggest that insular LITT is feasible and may allow for high rates of cytoreduction while potentially ameliorating the risks of conventional insular glioma surgery.
Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus and shunt failure rate in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in Korea
Authors: Won Yu Deok , Cheong Jin Whan , Park Yung Ki , Yoon Byul-Hee , Kim Jae Hoon , Kang Hee In
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus is a major complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Despite this, the factors influencing shunt dependency and shunt failure remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate shunt dependency and failure rates and determine the contributing factors in patients with aneurysmal SAH using the Korean National Health Insurance database over a 13-year period.

METHODS

Patients with aneurysmal SAH aged > 18 years who underwent surgical procedures were included. Using the shunt surgery prescription data, the shunt-dependent hydrocephalus rate was evaluated according to sex, age, aneurysm location, and year of admission. Among patients who underwent shunt surgery, the shunt failure rate was estimated using surgical prescription data.

RESULTS

A total of 57,030 patients with SAH who underwent aneurysm surgery were included. The overall raw rate of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus was 15.0% (8530/57,030). Age (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.04–1.04; p < 0.001) and endovascular coiling (vs surgical clipping, HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.67–0.74; p < 0.001) were related to shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Posterior circulation and anterior communicating aneurysms showed a high risk of shunt dependency. Among 8530 patients who underwent shunt surgery, the shunt failure rate was 11.3% (961/8530). Female sex (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.39; p = 0.0324), age (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–0.99; p < 0.001), early shunt placement (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08–1.47; p = 0.004) and lumboperitoneal shunt placement (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.65–2.91; p < 0.001) were the risk factors for shunt failure in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

The rate of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aneurysmal SAH was 15.0% in this study using a medical claims database in Korea. The shunt surgery rate was highest in patients in their 60s and 70s. Shunt failure occurred in 11.3% of the patients, and a lumboperitoneal shunt was most related to the need for revision surgery.
Fractured vertebra antedisplacement reconstruction technique: a feasible treatment choice for posttraumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis
Authors: Xu Tao , Wang Shanxi , Fang Huang , Wu Hua , Li Feng
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the fractured vertebra antedisplacement reconstruction technique for the treatment of posttraumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis (PTK).

METHODS

A total of 22 patients with PTK who were treated with the fractured vertebra antedisplacement reconstruction technique were retrospectively analyzed. The radiological evaluation included global kyphosis, thoracolumbar angle, and sagittal vertical axis. The clinical evaluation included visual analog scale pain score, Oswestry Disability Index score, SF-12 Health Survey score, and American Spinal Injury Association grade. The complications were recorded.

RESULTS

The mean global kyphosis was 55.0° ± 12.6° preoperatively, 8.5° ± 5.0° postoperatively, and 10.3° ± 4.8° at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). The average total kyphosis correction achieved was 44.7° ± 14.2°, with a range of 23.4°–79.4°, indicating a mean final correction of 80.1%. The mean thoracolumbar angle was 46.2° ± 13.2° preoperatively, 6.6° ± 4.5° postoperatively, and 7.6° ± 4.2° at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). The mean sagittal vertical axis was improved significantly, from 51.1 ± 24.2 mm preoperatively to 28.5 ± 17.4 mm at the latest follow-up (p = 0.001). One patient (4.5%) experienced single intervertebral fusion nonunion, and 1 patient (4.5%) experienced distal screw loosening. No patients experienced any neurological deterioration. The visual analog scale pain score, Oswestry Disability Index score, SF-12 Health Survey score, and American Spinal Injury Association grade achieved significant improvement at the latest follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Fractured vertebra antedisplacement reconstruction technique can effectively correct kyphosis, reconstruct spinal stability, and improve the patient’s symptoms and neurological function. This technique is safer, minimally traumatic, and less technically demanding to avoid osteotomy-related complications. It is a feasible treatment choice for PTK.
Search for informative marker systems associated with loci of resistance to vascular bacteriosis in cultivated cabbage
Authors: Dubina E. V. , Makukha Yu. A. , Garkusha S. V. , Gorun O. L. , Lesnyak S. A.
Published: May 2024

This article presents the results of studies on the determination of informative DNA marker systems that provide reliable control of the presence of Xcc-loci of resistance to black rot in the breeding material of white cabbage. At the initial stage of the work, 20 molecular markers taken from the VegMarks database were tested on isogenic cabbage lines contrasting in resistance to black rot (resistant line 269-Yas12p-2 and susceptible line Pi714). It was found that only the SSR marker Ol10-C01 reveals polymorphism between contrasting samples of white cabbage. PCR analysis with the use of this polymorphic marker and phytopathological testing have been also performed on F2 plants of the hybrid combination 269-Yas12p-2 × Pi714. As a result of the statistical analysis of cleavage, it was found that the SSR marker Ol10-C01 is co-inherited with a trait of resistance to black rot, since the expected segregation of F2 plants by genotype 1:2:1 according to Mendel’s law by this locus and the optimal frequency of recombination between the Xcc resistance locus and the marker (13.7%) are observed.
Improving the technology of spelled cultivation in the central part of the North Caucasus conditions
Authors: Mamedov K. S. , Khanieva I. M.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of the study. The main goal of the research was the optimization of technological methods for the cultivation of promising spelled varieties in the conditions of the Central part of the North Caucasus. Spelled is a grain crop with high quality indicators. Research methods for studying spelled varieties were carried out in 2020–2022 on the experimental field of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic at the University of Kabardino-Balkaria State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, the nitrogen content in the soil was 0.12%, phosphorus 0.10% in a 30 cm soil layer, respectively. The scientific novelty of the research is represented by the fact that for the first time for the mountainous zone of the Central part of the North Caucasus, recommendations were given on the cultivation of promising spelled varieties, as well as cultivation technologies for high productivity. As a result, the harvest of spelled increased by 20%. This variety differs from the standard variety in high productivity parameters, as well as well-developed spikelets. For example, for wheat, the mass of 1000 seeds are taken into account, and for spelled, the total mass of spikelets, that is, five hundred spikelets contain a thousand grains. According to the morphological features, spelled bushes well and gives a good harvest during the harvesting process. This feature shows the high productivity of the plant, the weight in five hundred spikelets’ is 40 grams. To eliminate possible adverse effects when sowing spelled grain, it was decided to compare varieties for the selection of the most productive ones that form high-quality grain, as well as to the cultivation technology and the environment, as well as to compare the Yantara variety with the control. In the course of the experiments, regardless of precipitation and weather conditions, spelled formed a high yield, which, of course, is an important factor in yield. Thus, the work performed corresponds to the subject of the research work carried out in the field, as well as laboratory experiments, observation and analysis of the studies carried out corresponds to that set out in the article.
New lines of the Triticum Spelta in Sought Dagestan
Authors: Batasheva B. A. , Abdullaev R. A. , Radchenko E. E. , Kovaleva O. N.
Published: May 2024

Few people know about the existence of such a grain crop as spelt and its benefits for human health. This is a unique product with a balanced vitamin and mineral composition, surpassing even soft wheat in the content of valuable substances. The center of origin this crop is the Mediterranean countries. The first mentions of spelled are found in Ancient Egypt, Babylon, Greece, Turkey and Armenia. After a long period of oblivion, spelled Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl reappeared in the crops of European countries and is actively cultivated in Iran, India, Turkey, the USA, and in Russia – in the Krasnoyarsk region, Omsk region, Tatarstan, Dagestan. The absence of gene-modified varieties and the complex of beneficial properties of its grain are interesting for the use of this crop. Spelled grain contains more than 18% protein and has a higher content of fiber, Zn, Fe and Mn compared to other types of wheat. Products made from spelled grain are use as dietary products. Using spelled as food reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and a number of cancers. Today, the main suppliers of spelled cereal are Iran, India, Turkey, USA, Armenia, and Dagestan. Literary information about the regions with soil and climatic conditions appropriate for the cultivation of this crop is rather scarce. The morpho-biological study of spelled in connection with economically valuable traits and the identification of promising samples for cultivation in a particular region is relevant. Since 2013, the Dagestan Experimental Station has been conducting laboratory and field evaluation of new naked spelt lines, created by Professor Vladimir Dmitrievich Kobylyansky (St. Petersburg, VIR). These lines were created by selection hybrids(F12) from crossing of spelt (T. dicoccum) and hard wheat varieties (T. durum Desf.) In 2016, 2 best ones with glassy grain were selected and were included in the control nursery for a comprehensive study under the winter sowing period of spring grain crops accepted in the region. The samples were studied for early maturite, resistance to fungal diseases, lodging and yield. The results of a three-year (2020–2022) study of the two selected forms were obtained and the contribution of various traits to the formation of the crop was determined.
The influence of the nutrient composition medium on the intensity micropropagation in vitro Fragaria × Ananassa duch.
Authors: Matsneva O. V. , Tashmatova L. V. , Khromova T. M.
Published: May 2024

Strawberry is one of the most economically significant crops in the world berry growing. In the course of research, the influence of the mineral composition of nutrient media on the growth and development of strawberry plants at the stage of micro-propagation proper was studied for further optimization of the technology of microclonal reproduction. The purpose of the work is to select the optimal nutrient medium for micropropagation of strawberry in vitro in the production system of healthy planting material. The research was carried out in the laboratory of biotechnology of the Russian research Institute of Fruit Grop Breeding according to generally accepted methods. The objects were important commercial varieties of garden strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) of foreign breeding: Alba (NF 311), Darselect, Kimberly, Clery, Syria (NF 137), Florence. Variants of the nutrient media formulations used: Lee and de Fossard, Gamborg and Eveleigh (B5), Knop, Murashige-Skoog with the addition of 0.8 mg/ l cytokinin 6-BAP. Optimal recipes of the nutrient medium that promote intensive proliferation and root formation in plants have been determined. For the cultivation of the studied strawberry varieties at the stage of actual micro-propagation with a high degree of regeneration, the optimal nutrient medium is the MS medium. On the nutrient Knop’s medium, the micro-plants on the second passage acquired a reddish color, not characteristic of the studied varieties. The maximum values of plant height were noted in the control variant with MS nutrient medium in the varieties Darselect (9.1 mm) and Kimberly (8.6 mm). In all other variants of the studied nutrient media, the average height of plants did not exceed 7.7 mm. Media according to the LF and B5 recipe can be used to obtain microplants suitable for planting in ex vitro conditions, excluding the rooting stage, to accelerate the production of healthy planting material. A different reaction of strawberry varieties to the mineral composition of nutrient media has been established.
Application of various growth regulators in clonal micropropagation of black currant (Ribes Nigrum L.)
Authors: Khromova T. M. , Tashmatova L. V. , Matsneva O. V.
Published: May 2024

Currently, the optimization and development of new techniques for microclonal reproduction of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) are one of the traditional objects of research of domestic and foreign scientists. It is noted that the success of reproduction depends on a number of factors: the timing of introduction into culture in vitro, the type of explants, the sterilizing agent, the composition of the nutrient medium. At the same time, the survival and growth of explants at each stage of reproduction depends not only on the salt composition of the nutrient medium, but also on growth regulators, mainly cytokines and auxins. This article discusses the theoretical aspects of the use of various growth regulators at different stages of clonal micropropagation of black currant, provides methods of microclonal reproduction developed by scientists of leading research organizations.
The effectiveness of using a plant growth stimulator based on Ambrosia artemisiifolia when growing corn in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors: Khanieva I. M. , Boziev A. L. , Sabolirov A. R. , Zabakov A. B. , Dzhurtubaev A. N.
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of studies on the use of a biological product based on ragweed, due to its chemical composition, on corn crops. Double treatment of corn crops with a plant growth stimulator based on ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) was carried out at growth phases of 3–5 and 6–7 leaves in calculated doses with a working solution consumption of 300 l/ha. The repetition in the experiments is 4-fold, the placement of the variants of the experiment is randomized. Plot area – 50 sq.m. The use of a plant growth stimulator based on ragweed as a pre-sowing treatment of seeds and foliar dressings can increase the yield of corn grain by 14–40%, depending on the corn hybrids studied in the experiment. On the variants of the experiment, where the combined use of organic fertilizer Biohumus and plant growth stimulator based on ragweed (solution 3) was studied, the above quality indicators were higher than the values of the control variant by 1.6; 6.0 and 1.5% – in the hybrid Ladoga 191 MV; at 3.2; 3.0 and 3.8% – Krasnodar 196 MV; by 2.9; 5.9 and 2.2% – Darina MV; at 3.3; 6.2 and 3.7% – Kuban. In the variant of the experiment with the joint use of organic fertilizer Biohumus and plant growth stimulator based on ragweed (solution 3), the value of the conditional income indicator decreased by 5400 rubles, according to the variant of the experiment with the joint use of organic fertilizer Biohumus and stimulant growth of plants based on ragweed (solution 4), the value of this indicator decreased by 7200 rubles, relative to the variant of the experiment with the combined use of organic fertilizer Biohumus and plant growth stimulator based on ragweed (solution 1) .
Computer vision neural networks in support systems for making decision on a smart farm
Authors: Glukhikh I. N. , Prokhoshin A. S. , Glukhikh D. I. , Filatova T. A.
Published: May 2024

The creation of smart farms and urban farms (city farm) has become one of the development trends in recent years, both in agroengineering and in urban construction. A high level of automation significantly reduces the degree of human participation in the production processes of a smart farm. As a result, the requirements for the experience and professional knowledge in the field of agriculture of the owner and staff of such a farm are reduced. The article discusses the issues of creating intelligent decision support systems for a “smart” agricultural farm, in particular, for urban, city farms. In such systems, artificial neural networks (ANN) of computer vision are used to process the results of observations and recognize situations requiring human intervention. Using the example of an urban farm for growing strawberries, a number of applied tasks are formulated (detection of fruits classified by maturity, detection and classification of diseases, detection of stolons). The results of an experimental study of computer vision systems for these tasks are presented. The research methodology included the use of pre-trained neural network models with their additional training on their own sets of images and subsequent assessment of the accuracy of detection and classification. Neural networks configured for such tasks in decision support systems are complemented by algorithms working with knowledge bases and computational and logical models. Thus, a hardware and software complex is being created that allows not only to automate the execution of current business tasks, but also to recommend solutions in case of difficult situations that normally require a lot of professional experience and knowledge from the staff. The study was conducted on the basis of the agrobiotechnical complex of Tyumen State University.
The prospect of compiling a soil-improving mixture based on local natural resources with their chemical activation with nitric acid
Authors: Ruchkina A. V. , Ushakov R. N.
Published: May 2024

In agrochemistry, a promising direction can be considered the preparation of soil-improving mixtures consisting of local, relatively cheap natural resources. These include phosphorites and phosphate rock prepared from them, limestone, dolomites, and can also include loam (overburden rock). One should expect an increase in their agrochemical efficiency when using modifying acids, in particular nitric acid, for the purpose of chemical activation (as a result of nitrate decomposition) of nutrients while simultaneously enriching soil-improving mixtures with nitrogen. The purpose of the research is to study the chemical activation of loam and phosphate rock with nitric acid (65%) when preparing a soil-improving mixture (SUMS). We proceeded from the composition of the PUUS with the ratio phosphate rock: dolomite: PS: nitric acid as 1:0.6:1:0.8. The work was carried out based on materials from laboratory experiments. In the experiments, the chemoactivating effect was considered at the level of individual components. This is due to the lack of appropriate GOST standards for a multicomponent mixture. Therefore, the data on the chemical composition have approximate values, because eliminated the influence of the components on each other and the immediate influence of nitric acid on them. However, it is possible to indicate the approximate values of the main agrochemical indicators of the PUUS: the content of total nitrogen 9,0%, total phosphorus – 19%, digestible and water-soluble forms of phosphorus 7,0 and 3,5% (according to the FM + dolomite + double treatment with HNO3), total potassium 0,2% (approximately based on cover loam).
Some aspects of the relationship between the morphology of the ovaries and the exterior of first-calf heifers of the Middle Amur Region
Authors: Kluchnikova N. F. , Kluchnikov M. T. , Klyuchnikova E. M.
Published: May 2024

The tie between the ovarian morphology and the exterior of 113 local black-and-white first-Calving heifers and the cross-breeds of different blood relationship with the Holstein bulls has been studied for the first time. The size of this tie varied from r = 0.01 to r = 0.22. And by this the tie of right-side ovary was stronger (r = from 0.06 to 0.22), of left-side – (r = from 0.01 to 0.09). The gynaecologist inspection of sexual organs of 96 cows, being selected visually, for the insemination by signs of heat and sexual behavior exposed the presence of the follicle of before-ovulation ripeness in the ovaries of 42.7% of animals (+++; ++++).
Methodology for determining the durability of soil-cultivating machines working bodies of parts
Authors: Radnaev D. N. , Abiduev A. A. , Pekhutov A. S. , Boloev P. A. , Kokieva G. E.
Published: May 2024

The development and creation of high-performance machines for agricultural production is in many cases limited by the insufficient wear resistance of individual parts and assemblies. Russian scientists, engineers and technicians working on the problem of increasing the durability of machines have achieved significant results. However, theoretical conclusions and prerequisites for increasing durability and the method of calculating parts of agricultural machines for durability are not enough. The durability calculations of agricultural machine parts used in some cases during their design are imperfect. In addition, in most cases, there are no reasonable calculations of allowable wear that would ensure high quality machine operation, i.e. these calculations are not related to the tasks of preventive maintenance and operation of machines. A number of scientists have been studying the abrasive wear of working parts of soil-cultivating and seeding machines for decades, but this issue has not yet been finally resolved. Until now, there is no clear understanding of the essence of abrasive wear and the factors that determine it. Most of the work carried out on the study of abrasive wear of parts of working bodies of soil-cultivating machines is of a private nature. There are no works covering the study of the complex set of phenomena that occur during abrasive wear. At present, very little has been studied about the wear capacity of soils, there is no criterion that determines it, and there is no connection between the phenomena of wear of the working parts of soil-cultivating machines and the basic theoretical principles of agricultural mechanics. The study of the wear capacity of soils, as well as the determination of the magnitude of pressures that arise during the interaction of the working parts of agricultural machines with the soil, can be used when calculating the working parts of these machines for durability.
Control program for the dosing system of dry bulk feed components
Authors: Bulatov S. Yu. , Nechaev V. N. , Pronin A. N. , Tareeva O. A. , Shamin A. E.
Published: May 2024

The development of intensive farming technologies is impossible without the introduction of modern technologies. The problem of compound feed production in the voiced aspect can be solved not only through the development of new machines and equipment, but also the introduction of modern control systems. The article presents an analysis of existing dispenser control systems. Based on the analysis of programs and control systems, it was revealed that almost all programs are designed to work in limited conditions, some of them do not take into account a number of factors affecting the accuracy of the material supply. Therefore, a control program for a twin-screw dispenser is proposed. When developing the management program, we started from the technological process of dosing. The possibility of controlling two augers was taken into account: first, a large auger (driven by an asynchronous electric motor) turns on and feeds the main part, then it turns off and the second small auger (driven by an asynchronous or stepper motor) turns on, which carries out the filling of the remaining part. In this case, signals about the amount of material supplied are transmitted from weighing sensors (strain gauges). The proposed control program for the twin-screw dispenser is developed for the TM241C24R PLC in the Structured Text (ST) programming language, one of the languages of the IEC61131-3 standard, in the EcoStruxure Machine Expert programming environment. The control is displayed on a liquid crystal display. The main screen displays basic information: the parameters of the electric motor, the recipe and the readings of the weighing sensors. The program allows you to control the operation of dispensers in several modes. In automatic mode, each dispenser supplies only one component. In manual control mode, the dispensers are started and stopped by the operator from the control panel. In this case, it is possible to set the rotation speed of the dispenser shaft. In the dosing mode with two augers, one component is dispensed with two augers. The proposed program will improve the accuracy of dosing in automatic mode.
Annual livestock mortality in a mixed farm in Botswana reveals seasonality and differences in species, age, and risk factors
Authors: Ramabu Solomon S. , Tlotleng Kebadire , Tladi Molefe , Mosweu Nicodimus , Molatole Maungo , Waugh Esau E. , Adam Saber Y.
Published: May 2024

Livestock mortality in a farm with cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and ostriches in Botswana was investigated by collecting data weekly from March 2020 to February 2021. Post-mortem examinations were performed on a few animals from each livestock species. A questionnaire was administered to nine experienced practicing veterinarians to rate selected risk factors relevant to livestock mortality. Simple arithmetic was used to compute absolute mortality and mortality rates. Differences in mortality rates between animal groups were determined using a statistical difference calculator. Absolute mortality was highest in summer and autumn and lowest in winter. Mortality was highest in goats and least in sheep. The mortality of young animals was more than twice that of adults. All Ostriches (n=3) died. Conversely, sheep died at a lower rate (p< 0.05) than other livestock. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the mortality rates of pigs and goats. Although the mortality rate of Friesian cattle (11.1%) was almost twice that of Tswana cattle (6.7%), the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Interestingly, the mortality rate of Tswana goats was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of Saanen goats. Post-mortem identified Haemonchosis, heartwater, poor nutrition, and poor hygiene as a cause or suspected cause of livestock mortality. Experts rated several risk factors as either considerable causes, contributory causes, or aggravating livestock mortality. The importance of livestock mortality and the major risk factors associated with such mortality are discussed.
Effect of housing systems on behaviour and growth performance in fattening rabbits
Authors: Pinheiro Victor , Silva Severiano , Mourão José Luís , Teixeira José , Monteiro Divanildo
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted to investigate different housing systems and their effects on the growth performance and behaviour of fattening rabbits. The 120 animals were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups based on the type of housing, from 35 to 84 days: cages (CG), 10 collective wire cages; each housing, 4 animals in 0.3 m²; closed pens (CP), 10 closed pens accommodating 4 rabbits, each with 0.525 m² and straw bedding on the ground; and an open-air system (OA), with 2 pens in the field each measuring 80 m², housing 20 rabbits in each pen. Live weight and feed intake were monitored every week. At the ages of 70 and 84 days, 10 rabbits per treatment were slaughtered, and blood samples were collected to measure haematocrit, cortisol and corticosterone levels. At the same age, 10 additional rabbits per treatment were chosen for an open field test. Compared with CG rabbits, OA rabbits exhibited a significantly lower final weight (2563 g vs. 2980 g). Compared with CG rabbits, OA rabbits also demonstrated reduced weight gain (33.1 vs. 41.8 g/d) and a decreased intake of pelletized feed (111.5 vs. 139.6 g/d). Corticosterone and haematocrit levels were smaller in other lodgements than in caged rabbits, which may suggest a poorer wellbeing status. This study indicated that animals housed in the outdoor system travelled greater distances (P<0.05) than did those housed in other housing types. The choice of rabbit housing during the growing period has an impact on growth performance, which is compromised in the outdoor system, and behaviour, which is negatively affected in the cage system.
Genetic characterization and clinicopathological features of Escherichia coli in neonatal septicemic calves
Authors: Jassim Hanan Yousef , Saleh Wessam Monther Mohammed , Habib Hassan Nima , Ratton Zainb Ali , Al-Mousawi Maryam Diaa
Published: May 2024

Due to severe diarrhea associated with calf scour and septicemia, colibacillosis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality in calves. This study investigated the clinical and hematological manifestations as well as the genetic composition of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains in septicemic neonatal calves. In this study, 47 fecal specimens were collected from diarrheic calves aged between one and three weeks on dairy farms that are unorganized around Basra, Iraq, while twenty age-matched calves were tested as controls. Of the 47 tested samples, 28 fecal samples were tentatively identified as STEC, with a prevalence of 60%. STEC-affected calves had variable rectal temperatures ranging from subnormal to fever, tachycardia, hyperpnea, diarrhea, partial or complete cessation of suckling, mucous membrane congestion, depression, incoordination and rough hair coat conditions. Significant changes were observed in the hemogram and the leukogram during the analysis of blood samples from calves with diarrhea. Molecular analysis of fecal samples demonstrated that local STEC isolates are more closely related to other strains obtained from both human and animal samples worldwide. Based on the results of the current study, we can conclude that the septicemic calves were likely infected by human or environmental resources and could play a major role in further spreading STEC infection.
The consequences and barriers of power system voltage stability in the integration of solar and wind energy: An in-depth analysis
Authors: Akkur Malatesh S. , Singh Swati , Gill Amandeep , Kapse Vinod Mansiram
Published: May 2024

Wind and solar energy production is intermittent and variable, causing voltage fluctuations in the power system. These fluctuations can affect supply and demand balance, leading to voltage instability. In some cases, integrating solar and wind energy can result in overvoltage or undervoltage conditions, which can negatively impact the power grid's operation. The research examines the effects and challenges of integrating wind and solar energy into power grids, concentrating in particular on issues with voltage stability. The investigation explores fundamental issues like voltage stability-based distributed power generation (DG) unit sizing and optimal locations, stability of voltage assessment and methods for enhancement. Experiments are conducted to examine the effects of energy storage devices, adaptive alternate current (AC) transmission lines, static caps and other electric components of the system on the stability of the voltage of the distribution and transmission networks. It provides a comprehensive examination of the technical difficulties, such as the stability issues associated with incorporating massive solar systems into the electrical grid. The research obtained results on technical methods to address the power instability challenges with the integration of solar power on a massive scale into the transmission system and its subtransmissions, known as the medium voltage distribution system.
Evolution of ceramic additive manufacturing: A comprehensive survey for high-performance and dental applications
Authors: Mishra Rashmi , Rajiv Asha , Chaudhary Pavan , Sharma Bhuvnesh
Published: May 2024

The manufacturing landscape has been altered by additive manufacturing (AdMa), which has surfaced as a versatile and adaptive technology. Notable advancements have been made in the creation of ceramic substances for AdMa procedures. The ceramic components made using AdMa processes show deficiencies concerning their overall performance and mechanical properties. More recently, research has concentrated on improving mechanical properties and effectiveness by optimizing the fabrication procedure by integrating additional post-processing methods and using a material pre-treatment approach. The advancements in AdMa methods for producing high-performance ceramic (H-Perform-C) materials, referred to as advanced ceramics, are reviewed and examined in this article. AdMa methods are classified based on the ASTM's standards and the particular technology used in these procedures is further explained. A comprehensive review is provided, explaining the fundamental principles, mechanical characteristics, merits, drawbacks, practical implementations and constraints associated with each respective technological approach.
Assessing the pros and cons of wire-arc additive manufacturing for material production
Authors: Singh Rakesh Kumar , Venkadeshwaran K. , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Kantak Ganesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

A promising new method for mass-producing metal components and structures for a range of industries, including shipbuilding, automotive, aviation, and other technical sectors, is wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Additive manufacturing (AM) called 3D printing, it is a disruptive manufacturing technique that starts with digital design data and manufactures products layer by layer. WAAM has been utilized to create parts from a variety of materials, such as alloy wires based on aluminium (Al), titanium (Ti) and nickel. This review article focuses on the most important facets of the WAAM process, including the technology utilized, the drawbacks encountered, the steps taken during and after the process, the tools used to monitor the process, the gases involved, and the materials. The comparison of WAAM with other additive manufacturing technologies is also emphasized in the article. Moreover, it compares and analyses several WAAM techniques, including plasma arc welding (PAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) in terms of material deposition rate, the method GMAW have higher material deposition rate when compared to other approach. Material manufacturing using WAAM has great potential. The accuracy of the manufacturing and smoothness of WAAM-made parts can be enhanced in the future to better suit tight-tolerance uses.