bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Microbial Communities
Authors: Knierim B , van Leer B , Webb RI , Lin M , Goddard T , Wilmes P , McDonald KL , Hugenholtz P , Liphardt JT , Auer M
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
The Catalytic Role of Vanadium in Mg Nanostructures for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Fan J , He Y , Zhao Y
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Metallographic Preparation of Self-Reacting Friction Stir Welded 2195/2219 Aluminum Alloys For Electron Backscatter Diffraction
Authors: Martinez JE , Johannes LB , Rybicki DJ , Figert JD , Ventura JA
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymer Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Mekael P , Basu J , Syam N , Laurencin C , Carter CB
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
3D Characterization of Faceted Core/Shell Nanoparticles by STEM Tomography with TEAM I
Authors: Ercius P , Duden T , Radmilovic VR
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Performance of the DDD as a Direct Electron Detector for Low Dose Electron Microscopy
Authors: Jin L , Bilhorn R
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Atom-by-Atom Analysis of Rare-Earth Dopants implanted in Silicon
Authors: Couillard M , Radtke G , Knights AP , Botton GA
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Two Photon Excitation Microscopy as Tools to Study Testate Amoebae
Authors: Burdíková Z , Čapek M , Ostasou P , Mitchell EAD , Machač J , Kubínová L
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Physical Distribution of Nanometric Particles into an Al-based Composite Synthesized by Means of Mechanical Milling
Authors: Estrada-Guel I , Carreño-Gallardo C , Pérez-Bustamante R , Martínez Sánchez R
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Imaging with Milli-XRF Benchtop Instrumentation
Authors: Scruggs BE , Anderhalt RW , Herczeg LI , Lee A
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Novel Time-Resolved Fluorescence Microscope System Using TCSPC and Multi-Frequency Techniques
Authors: Chandler L , Mattheiss JR
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Characterizing the performance of the FEI Titan environmental Transmission Electron Microscope / scanning Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Stach EA , Kim SM , Zakharov DN , Zvinevich Y , Riberio FH , Miller L , Colby R , Salmon NJ , Kabius B
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Hyperspectral Imaging of Endogenous Pigments in the Bioenergy Sciences
Authors: Timlin JA , Jones H , Liberton M , Davis R , Noek R , Ricken J , Sinclair M , Hadi M , Pakrasi H , Haaland D
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Morphology and Properties of Mo Doped Monodispersed Titania Particles
Authors: Štengl V , Murafa N , Bakardjieva S
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Latest Developments in FIB Technology and Applications
Authors: Giannuzzi L
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Microstructure Refinement by Hydrogen Heat Treatment in a Ti-6.6Al-3.4Mo-0.3Si-1.7Zr Titanium Alloy
Authors: Zhang Y
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Understanding Domain Structures in BiFeO3 Thin Films by Combining Phase-Field Simulations, TEM, and PFM
Authors: Sheng G , Zhang JX , Winchester B , Wu PP , Li YL , Nelson CT , Jang HW , Folkman CM , Zeches RJ , Chu MP , Kalinin SV , Schlom DG , Ramesh R , Eom C-B , Pan XQ , Chen L-Q
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Atomic Resolution Z-Contrast Imaging of the Interface Between Non-Polar a-ZnO Grown on r-Cut Al2O3 by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Zhou H , Chisholm MF , Pant P , Gazquez J , Pennycook SJ , Narayan J
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Structural Characterization of the Activated Leptin Receptor Complex
Authors: Mancour L , Schilling J , Skiniotis G
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Serial Block Face Imaging of Aluminium
Authors: Mancuso J , Hashimoto T , Thompson G
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Zero-Loss/Deflection Map Analysis
Authors: Fraundorf P , Pisane K , Mandell E , Collins R
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
The Neon Gas Field Ion Source - Stability and Lifetime
Authors: Notte J , Rahman F , McVey SM , Tan S , Livengood R
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Preparation of ‘Difficult’ Samples for EBSD
Authors: Sullivan AP
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis of a Reconstructed Wootz Damascus Steel Blade
Authors: Sullivan AP , Barnett MR
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Correlation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Nuclear Reactor Stainless Steels
Authors: D'Antuono DS , Vetterick G , Kirk M , Taheri ML
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
A Real Time Observation of Phase Transition of Anatase TiO2 Nanotubes into Rutile Particles by in situ Joule Heating Inside Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Asthana A , Shokuhfar T , Gao Q , Heiden PA , Friedrich C , Yassar RS
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Microstructure and Microanalysis of Metal Artifacts from Kerkenes Dag, Central Turkey, ca. 600 B.C.
Authors: Lehner JW , Prikhodko S
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Microstructural Evolution in Austenitic and Martensitic Steels Irradiated to High Damage Levels
Authors: Brewer LN , Lu P , Kotula PG , Hattar KM
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Strain-Enhanced Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Pennycook TJ , Varela M , Beck MJ , Garcia-Barriocanal J , Bruno FY , Leon C , Santamaria J , Pantelides ST , Pennycook SJ
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Large Covalently Linked Fluorescent and Gold Nanoparticle Immunoprobes
Authors: Joshi VN , Mitra D , England MD , Furuya FR , Powell RD , Hainfeld JF
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Evaluation of the Shapes of Pores and Particles in Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials Using Automated Image Analysis Techniques
Authors: Murphy TF
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Charge-Imbalance-Induced Resonance for Functional Nanowires
Authors: Cohen-Tanugi D , Akey A , Yao N
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Recent Advances in EELS Instrumentation and Analysis: Spectroscopy and Filtered Imaging with Extended Energy, Temporal, and Dynamic Range
Authors: Twesten RD , Barfels M , Trevor C , Thomas P , Menon N , Aitouchen A , Gubbens A
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Aberration-Corrected TEM Study of Defects in III-V Films Grown on Si
Authors: Vajargah SH , Couillard M , Shao Y , Tavakoli S , Kleiman R , Preston J , Botton GA
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
In Situ Electrical Characterization of Single Nanofibers Using a Nanomanipulator in an FIB/SEM Microscope
Authors: Roelofs K , Xu S , Poirier G , Yao N
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Environmental Chamber for In Situ Studying of Drying of Granular Materials Using X-ray Computer Tomography Microscopy
Authors: Sushchikh M , Sushchikh S , Theofanous T
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Transmission Electron Diffraction From Nanoparticles, Nanowires and Thin Films in an SEM With Conventional EBSD Equipment
Authors: Geiss RH , Keller RR , Read DT
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Orientation Imaging Microscopy of Nanocrystalline Platinum Thin Film Using Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Kumar V
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Thermoelectric and Structural Characterization of InxRh4Sb12 (0 <x< 0.2) Skutterudites
Authors: Eilertsen J , Rouvimov S , Plachinda P , Hendricks TJ , Subramanian M
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Comparison of the Behavior of Technetium and Rhenium in Low Activity Waste Glass Formulations Subjected to the Vapor Hydration Test
Authors: Buechele AC , Lukens WW , Shuh DK , McKeown DA , Muller IS , Pegg IL
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Structure Study of Solution Formed Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanofibers
Authors: Roehling JD , Moulé AJ , Arslan I
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Development of a Novel Environmental Cell for In-Situ Gas Reaction Experiments via Aberration-Corrected STEM Imaging
Authors: Allard LF , Bigelow WC , Overbury SH , Nackashi DP , Damiano J
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Correlation between Atomic Structure and Superglide of an Incommensurate Grain Boundary in Au
Authors: Dahmen U , Radetic T , Ye J , Minor AM , Caliste D , Lancon F
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
NanoSIMS Analysis of Bacillus Spores for Forensics
Authors: Weber PK , Davisson ML , Velsko SP
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
In-Situ TEM Studies of Deformation Mechanisms in Nanograined Al Strengthened with Al2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Clark BG , Knapp JA , Hattar KM , Padilla HA , Boyce BL
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
A Mechanism for Mg Acceptor Activation in GaN by Low Energy Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Phillips M , Merklein M , Hardy T , Manning T , Wintrebert-Fouquet M
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Probing Ferroelectric Polymers at the Nanoscale
Authors: Ducharme S
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Dynamic SIMS Applications for Photovoltaic Technology Development
Authors: Davis AN , Peres P , Merkulov A , Desse F , Choi S-Y , Schuhmacher M
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Development of High Content Imaging Assays for Lethal Viral Pathogens
Authors: Panchal RG , Ruthel G , Kota K , Boltz D , Bavari S
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Three-Dimensional Metallography for Visualization, Characterization, Modeling, and Simulation of Three-Dimensional Microstructures
Authors: Gokhale AM , Singh H , Mao Y , Zhang S , Gurumurthy A
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
The Role of Microanalysis in Micro/Nanowire-Based Future Generation Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Wacaser BA , Reuter MC , Khayyat MM , Haight R , Guha S , Ross FM
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Quantitative Phase Analysis of Martian Meteorite Alteration
Authors: Vicenzi E , Velbel M
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Atomic Force Microscopy of Biomaterials, Mica, and the Origins of Life
Authors: Hansma HG
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Nanofabrication with a High Resolution Helium Ion Beam
Authors: van Veldhoven E , Sidorkin V , Chen P , Alkemade P , van der Drift E , Salemink H , Zandbergen HW , Maas D
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
The National Technology Infrastructure Network's Education and Outreach Programs - Understanding Size and Scale
Authors: Healy N
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Imaging Man’s Weaknesses with Simple Harmonic Generation
Authors: Watkins S
Published: August 2010

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Saturation of polar cap potential: Nonlinearity in quasi‐steady solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling
Authors: Kan J. R. , Li H. , Wang C. , Tang B. B. , Hu Y. Q.
Published: August 2010

We propose a quasi‐steady nonlinear circuit model for the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere (SW‐M‐I) coupling to study the observed saturation of polar cap potential. The oval conductance is shown to be a nonlinear circuit element since it increases with increasing dayside reconnection E field driving the proposed circuit. Oval conductance is produced by precipitating particles energized by enhanced sunward convection in the plasma sheet driven by reconnection at the dayside magnetopause and in the plasma sheet. The asymptotic saturation potential is shown to increase with (1) decreasing internal resistance of the dynamo region, (2) increasing length of dayside reconnection line, (3) increasing ratio of nightside to dayside reconnection potentials, and (4) increasing ratio of nightside to dayside internal resistances.
Quantifying the time function of nonvolcanic tremor based on a stochastic model
Authors: Ide Satoshi
Published: August 2010

Nonvolcanic tremor is the seismically observable component of slow earthquakes, which have been recently discovered in subduction zones around the world, including major study areas at the Nankai and Cascadia subduction zones. Although tremor appears to occur randomly in both areas, Cascadia tremor has a longer duration than Nankai tremor. In the present study, this difference in tremor duration is quantified using a Brownian slow earthquake model that explains several features of tremor and slow earthquakes. A previous Brownian model is improved and applied to explain the cumulative distribution function of tremor amplitude, which is approximated by a χ2 distribution. The model also shows that the power spectrum of tremor amplitude has a simple analytic formula, including a characteristic time. An inversion method is developed to measure the characteristic time from the tremor spectrum in the presence of non‐Gaussian background noise. The method is applied to several tremor sequences in the Nankai and Cascadia subduction zones to quantitatively confirm the apparent differences in tremor behavior between the two areas. The constants for Cascadia and Nankai tremor are 1000–3000 s and 100–1000 s, respectively, with temporal increases in these values observed over the course of 1‐day records of activity. The difference in characteristic time between the two areas may reflect geometric constraints such as the width of the tremor region.
Superplasticity and ductile fracture of synthetic feldspar deformed to large strain
Authors: Rybacki Erik , Wirth Richard , Dresen Georg
Published: August 2010

We performed high‐strain torsion experiments on fine‐grained (≈4 μm) anorthite aggregates in a Paterson‐type gas deformation apparatus. The dense hydrous (≈0.1 wt% H2O) samples contain < 3 vol% Si‐enriched residual glass located at triple junctions. Specimens were twisted at constant rate to a maximum shear strain of about 5 at experimental conditions of 100–400 MPa confining pressure, temperatures of 950°C–1200°C, and shear strain rates of ≈2 × 10−5, 5 × 10−5, and 2 × 10−4 s−1. Resulting maximum shear stresses at the sample periphery were in the range of ≈2–80 MPa. The samples showed strain hardening at slow deformation rate and strain weakening at fast strain rate, respectively. Fitting the stress strain rate data to a power law yields linear viscous behavior. Microstructural analysis shows locally enhanced dislocation density, suggesting diffusion‐assisted and/or dislocation‐assisted grain boundary sliding as the dominant deformation mechanism. Deformed samples exhibit abundant cavities, nucleated mostly at grain triple junctions and at grain boundaries in response to cooperative grain boundary sliding. At shear strains ≥ 2, growth and coalescence of the cavities form an anastomozing network of regularly spaced strings oriented at about 30° to the direction of maximum compressive stress and ∼15° to the shear plane. Strain is localized along these shear bands associated with a shape‐preferred orientation of high‐aspect ratio feldspar grains and with segregation of initial pore fluids (residual glass) into the bands. More than one third of the samples were deformed to terminal failure that occurred suddenly at shear strains of ≈3–5. The experiments indicate that cavitation damage may facilitate fluid flow and deep seismicity in highly strained shear zones.
Nearshore wave height variation in unsaturated surf
Authors: Power H. E. , Hughes M. G. , Aagaard T. , Baldock T. E.
Published: August 2010

The nearshore evolution of wave height is presented from field observations during unsaturated surf conditions from 10 different beaches characterized by microtidal conditions and predominantly swell‐dominated wave climates. Wave evolution is presented in terms of wave height to water depth ratio (γ) for comparison with previous data from saturated surf. Both conventional time‐averaged (γrms) and a new wave‐by‐wave analysis (γw) are performed. Values of γ increase with increasing offshore wave height, indicating unsaturated surf. The observations show a variation in γ values from near constant values in the mid surf zone to rapidly and asymptotically increasing γ values in the inner surf zone. In contrast to previous data from saturated surf, γ shows no dependence on either the absolute beach slope or the relative beach slope β/k. The skewness of the distributions of γw is consistent with waves that are not depth limited. The inner surf zone wave heights are approximately equally dependent on the water depth and offshore wave height. The previous observations of γ from saturated surf are shown to be consistent with a terminal bore height at the shoreline which is in excellent agreement with a previously derived value for the Miche parameter. In contrast, for the present unsaturated surf conditions, the terminal bore height at the shoreline can be approximated by Hb ≈ 0.12Ho, which is consistent with recent laboratory data sets.
Impact into lunar regolith inhibits high‐velocity ejection of large blocks
Authors: Bart G. D. , Melosh H. J.
Published: August 2010

Our data suggest that the presence of a layer of regolith covering the lunar surface results in a portion of the high‐velocity ejection phase occurring in the fine‐grained regolith, reducing the population of large blocks available for ejection at high velocities. This conclusion is supported by a study of boulder distributions around 10 lunar craters. The boulder ejection velocities were calculated by applying crater ejecta scaling relations and assuming a ballistic trajectory. Regolith depths were estimated by analyzing the morphology of small craters (tens of meters in diameter). Because both meteorites and distant secondary craters are produced by solid fragments within the highest‐velocity ejecta, we conclude that less regolith cover at the impact site will favor the formation of meteorites and distant secondary craters.
Amplification of the quasi‐two day wave through nonlinear interaction with the migrating diurnal tide
Authors: McCormack J. P. , Eckermann S. D. , Hoppel K. W. , Vincent R. A.
Published: August 2010

We present a case study of the non‐linear interaction between the quasi‐two day wave (Q2DW) and the migrating diurnal tide based on global synoptic meridional wind fields for January 2006 and January 2008 from a high‐altitude data assimilation/forecast system. We find large quasi‐two day wave amplitudes, small diurnal tide amplitudes, and phase locking of the Q2DW with the diurnal cycle during January 2006. In January 2008 the amplitudes of the Q2DW were much smaller, with no evidence of phase locking, while the tidal amplitudes were larger than in the 2006 case. Space‐time spectral analysis reveals an enhancement in a diurnal zonal wavenumber 6 feature in the January 2006 case, which can be attributed to a non‐linear interaction between the Q2DW and migrating diurnal tide. The relatively strong summer easterly jet in the extratropical upper mesosphere during early January 2006 appears to have created conditions favoring this interaction.
Transmission dynamics of an emerging infectious disease in wildlife through host reproductive cycles
Authors: Uchii Kimiko , Telschow Arndt , Minamoto Toshifumi , Yamanaka Hiroki , Honjo Mie N , Matsui Kazuaki , Kawabata Zen'ichiro
Published: August 2010

Emerging infectious diseases are major threats to wildlife populations. To enhance our understanding of the dynamics of these diseases, we investigated how host reproductive behavior and seasonal temperature variation drive transmission of infections among wild hosts, using the model system of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) disease in common carp. Our main findings were as follows: (1) a seroprevalence survey showed that CyHV-3 infection occurred mostly in adult hosts, (2) a quantitative assay for CyHV-3 in a host population demonstrated that CyHV-3 was most abundant in the spring when host reproduction occurred and water temperature increased simultaneously and (3) an analysis of the dynamics of CyHV-3 in water revealed that CyHV-3 concentration increased markedly in breeding habitats during host group mating. These results indicate that breeding habitats can become hot spots for transmission of infectious diseases if hosts aggregate for mating and the activation of pathogens occurs during the host breeding season.
Unveiling an abundant core microbiota in the human adult colon by a phylogroup-independent searching approach
Authors: Sekelja Monika , Berget Ingunn , Næs Tormod , Rudi Knut
Published: August 2010

The potential presence of widespread and stable bacterial core phylogroups in the human colon has promoted considerable attention. Despite major efforts, no such phylogroups have yet been identified. Therefore, using a novel phylogroup- and tree-independent approach, we present a reanalysis of 1 114 722 V2 region and 71 550 near full-length 16S rRNA sequences from a total of 210 human beings, with widespread geographic origin, ethnic background and diet, in addition to a wide range of other mammals. We found two highly prevalent core phylogroups (cores 1 and 2), belonging to the clostridial family Lachnospiraceae. These core phylogroups showed a log-normal distribution among human individuals, while non-core phylogroups showed more skewed distributions towards individuals with low levels compared with the log-normal distribution. Molecular clock analyses suggest that core 2 co-evolved with the radiation of vertebrates, while core 1 co-evolved with the mammals. Taken together, the stability, prevalence and potential functionality support the fact that the identified core phylogroups are pivotal in maintaining gut homeostasis and health.
Mediators of Maternal Depression and Family Structure on Child BMI: Parenting Quality and Risk Factors for Child Overweight
Authors: McConley Regina L. , Mrug Sylvie , Gilliland M. Janice , Lowry Richard , Elliott Marc N. , Schuster Mark A. , Bogart Laura M. , Franzini Luisa , Escobar‐Chaves Soledad L. , Franklin Frank A.
Published: August 2010

Risk factors for child obesity may be influenced by family environment, including maternal depression, family structure, and parenting quality. We tested a path model in which maternal depression and single parent status are associated with parenting quality, which relates to three risk factors for child obesity: diet, leisure, and sedentary behavior. Participants included 4,601 5th‐grade children and their primary caregivers who participated in the Healthy Passages study. Results showed that associations of maternal depression and single parenthood with child BMI are mediated by parenting quality and its relation to children's leisure activity and sedentary behavior. Interventions for child obesity may be more successful if they target family environment, particularly parenting quality and its impact on children's active and sedentary behaviors.
Inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition by protein kinase A in rat liver mitochondria and hepatocytes
Authors: Pediaditakis Peter , Kim Jae-Sung , He Lihua , Zhang Xun , Graves Lee M. , Lemasters John J.
Published: August 2010

NO and cGMP administered at reperfusion after ischaemia prevent injury to hepatocytes mediated by the MPT (mitochondrial permeability transition). To characterize further the mechanism of protection, the ability of hepatic cytosol in combination with cyclic nucleotides to delay onset of the calcium-induced MPT was evaluated in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Liver cytosol plus cGMP or cAMP dose-dependently inhibited the MPT, required ATP hydrolysis for inhibition and did not inhibit mitochondrial calcium uptake. Specific peptide inhibitors for PKA (protein kinase A), but not PKG (protein kinase G), abolished cytosol-induced inhibition of MPT onset. Activity assays showed a cGMP- and cAMP-stimulated protein kinase activity in liver cytosol that was completely inhibited by PKI, a PKA peptide inhibitor. Size-exclusion chromatography of liver cytosol produced a single peak of cGMP/cAMP-stimulated kinase activity with an estimated protein size of 180–220 kDa. This fraction was PKI-sensitive and delayed onset of the MPT. Incubation of active catalytic PKA subunit directly with mitochondria in the absence of cytosol and cyclic nucleotide also delayed MPT onset, and incubation with purified outer membranes led to phosphorylation of a major 31 kDa band. After ischaemia, administration at reperfusion of membrane-permeant cAMPs and cAMP-mobilizing glucagon prevented reperfusion injury to hepatocytes. In conclusion, PKA in liver cytosol activated by cGMP or cAMP acts directly on mitochondria to delay onset of the MPT and protect hepatocytes from cell death after ischaemia/reperfusion.
Guanylate cyclase-G, expressed in the Grueneberg ganglion olfactory subsystem, is activated by bicarbonate
Authors: Chao Ying-Chi , Cheng Chien-Jui , Hsieh Hsiu-Ting , Lin Chih-Ching , Chen Chien-Chang , Yang Ruey-Bing
Published: August 2010

GC (guanylate cyclase)-G is the most recently identified member of the receptor GC family. However, the regulation of its activity and protein expression in the mammalian olfactory system remains unclear. In the present study, we used a GC-G-specific antibody to validate that the GC-G protein is expressed in Grueneberg ganglion neurons, a newly recognized olfactory subsystem co-expressing other cGMP signalling components such as the cGMP-regulated PDE2A (phosphodiesterase 2A) and the cGMP-gated ion channel CNGA3 (cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel α-3). Further molecular and biochemical analyses showed that heterologously expressed GC-G protein, specifically the C-terminal cyclase domain, was directly stimulated by bicarbonate in both in vivo cellular cGMP accumulation assays in human embryonic kidney-293T cells and in vitro GC assays with a purified recombinant protein containing the GC domain. In addition, overexpression of GC-G in NG108 neuronal cells resulted in a CO2-dependent increase in cellular cGMP level that could be blocked by treatment with acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrases, which implies that the stimulatory effect of CO2 requires its conversion to bicarbonate. Together, our data demonstrate a novel CO2/bicarbonate-dependent activation mechanism for GC-G and suggest that GC-G may be involved in a wide variety of CO2/bicarbonate-regulated biological processes such as the chemosensory function in Grueneberg ganglion neurons.
Friedman versus Abel equations: A connection unraveled
Authors: Yurov A. V. , Yurov V. A.
Published: August 2010

We present an interesting connection between Einstein–Friedmann equations for the models of universe filled with scalar field and the special form of Abel equation of the first kind. This connection works in both ways: first, we show how, knowing the general solution of the Abel equation (corresponding to the given scalar field potential), one can obtain the general solution of the Friedman equation (and use the former for studying such problems as the existence of inflation with exit for particular models). On the other hand, one can invert the procedure and construct the Bäcklund autotransformations for the Abel equation.
Softness dependence of the anomalies for the continuous shouldered well potential
Authors: Vilaseca Pol , Franzese Giancarlo
Published: August 2010

By molecular dynamic simulations we study a system of particles interacting through a continuous isotropic pairwise core-softened potential consisting of a repulsive shoulder and an attractive well. The model displays a phase diagram with three fluid phases: a gas-liquid critical point, a liquid-liquid critical point, and anomalies in density, diffusion, and structure. The hierarchy of the anomalies is the same as for water. Here we study in a systematic way the effect on the anomalies of varying the softness of the potential. We find that, making the soft-core steeper and more penetrable, the regions of density and diffusion anomalies contract in the T-ρ plane, while the region of structural anomaly is weakly affected. Therefore, a liquid can have anomalous structural behavior without having density or diffusion anomalies. We show that, by considering as effective distances those corresponding to the maxima of the first two peaks of the radial distribution function g(r) in the high-density liquid, we can generalize to continuous two-scale potentials a criterion for the occurrence of the anomalies of density and diffusion, originally proposed for discontinuous potentials. However, we observe that the knowledge of the structural behavior within the first two coordination shells of the liquid is not enough to establish, in general, the occurrence of the anomalies. By introducing the density derivative of the cumulative order integral of the excess entropy, measuring shell by shell the amount of order in the liquid, we show that the anomalous behavior is regulated by the structural order at distances as large as the fourth coordination shell. By comparing the results for different softness of the potential, we conclude that the disappearance of the density and diffusion anomalies for the steeper potentials is due to a more structured short-range order. All these results increase our understanding on how, knowing the interaction potential, we can evaluate the possible presence of anomalies for a liquid.
Bulk and surface physical properties of a CrO2 thin film prepared from a Cr8O21 precursor
Authors: Iwai K. , Muraoka Y. , Wakita T. , Hirai M. , Yokoya T. , Kato Y. , Muro T. , Tamenori Y.
Published: August 2010

We have prepared a CrO2 thin film by chemical vapor deposition from a Cr8O21 precursor and studied the bulk and surface physical properties. The CrO2 thin film is grown on a TiO2 (100) substrate by heating of a Cr8O21 precursor and TiO2 (100) substrate together in a sealed quartz tube. The prepared film is found from x-ray diffraction analysis to be an (100)-oriented single phase. The magnetization and resistivity measurements indicate that the film is a ferromagnetic metal with a Curie temperature of about 400 K. Cr 3s core-level and valence band photoelectron spectroscopy spectra reveal the presence of a metallic CrO2 in the surface region of the film. Our work indicates that preparation from a Cr8O21 precursor is promising for obtaining a CrO2 thin film with the metallic surface.
First-principles prediction of the negatively-charged nitrogen-silicon-vacancy center in cubic silicon carbide
Authors: Pan Fengchun , Zhao Mingwen , Mei Liangmo
Published: August 2010

We performed density-functional theory calculations to study the energetic stability and the electronic structures of negatively-charged nitrogen-silicon-vacancy center (N-VSi)− in cubic silicon carbide (3C–SiC). We show that the (N-VSi)− center is energetically preferable in n-type 3C–SiC and possesses a stable A32 ground state and doubly degenerated E3 excited states. The (N-VSi)− centers prefer to couple weakly in an antiferromagnetic way, triggered by superexchange between them. Our work indicates that 3C–SiC may be an economical candidate material to achieve a solid state qubit operation beyond diamond.
Kinetics of hexagonal cylinders to face-centered cubic spheres transition of triblock copolymer in selective solvent: Brownian dynamics simulation
Authors: Li Minghai , Liu Yongsheng , Bansil Rama
Published: August 2010

The kinetics of the transformation from the hexagonal packed cylinder (hex) phase to the face-centered-cubic (fcc) phase was simulated using Brownian dynamics for an ABA triblock copolymer in a selective solvent for the A block. The kinetics was obtained by instantaneously changing either the temperature of the system or the well-depth of the Lennard-Jones potential. Detailed analysis showed that the transformation occurred via a rippling mechanism. The simulation results indicated that the order-order transformation was a nucleation and growth process when the temperature of the system instantly jumped from 0.8 to 0.5. The time evolution of the structure factor obtained by Fourier transformation showed that the peak intensities of the hex and fcc phases could be fit well by an Avrami equation.
The Korteweg–de Vries equation on the interval
Authors: Hitzazis Iasonas , Tsoubelis Dimitri
Published: August 2010

The initial-boundary value problem for the Korteweg–de Vries equation posed on a finite interval of the spatial variable is considered. Using the method of simultaneous spectral analysis of the associated Lax pair, this problem is mapped into a Riemann–Hilbert problem formulated in the complex plane of the spectral parameter, but with explicit dependence on the space-time variables appearing in the Korteweg–de Vries equation. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the solution of this Riemann–Hilbert is uniquely determined by certain functions of the spectral parameter, which are defined by the initial and boundary data of the original problem. In turn, the solution of the Riemann–Hilbert problem provides the solution of the initial-boundary value problem for the Korteweg–de Vries equation, for which an integral representation is derived.
Time domain characterization of magnetoelastic sensors: A pulse method for resonance frequency determination
Authors: Shen Wen , Zhang Zhongwu , Horikawa Shin , Zhang Anxue , Teng Junpin , Mathison Leslie C. , Chin Bryan A.
Published: August 2010

This paper presents a pulse method for determination of resonance frequency of magnetoelastic sensors. The method eliminates the bias field that is necessary in previous methods and also allows fast and accurate detection. The stability tests of the system show an average standard deviation of 129 Hz and an average drift of −10.4 Hz/h. This system allows simultaneous detection of two sensors. A simulation of the operation of one and two sensors was shown to be very similar to the real data plots from the test system. Real tests have shown that adding a second sensor does not affect the resonance frequency of the first sensor. The effect of pulse magnetic field on the characteristics of the resonance signal, including resonance frequency, amplitude, and Q-value of frequency domain signal, has been studied and real time detection using magnetoelastic sensors was demonstrated in a flowing system.
Weakly nonlinear kink-type solitary waves in a fully relativistic plasma
Authors: Tribeche Mouloud , Boukhalfa Soufiane , Zerguini Taha Houssine
Published: August 2010

A fully and coherent relativistic fluid model derived from the covariant formulation of relativistic fluid equations is used to study small but finite amplitude solitary waves. This approach has the characteristic to be consistent with the relativistic principle and consequently leads to a more general set of equations valid for fully relativistic plasmas with arbitrary Lorentz relativistic factor. A kink-solitary wave solution is outlined. Due to electron relativistic effect, the localized structure may experience either a spreading or a compression. This latter phenomenon (compression) becomes less effective and less noticeable as the relativistic character of the ions becomes important. Our results may be relevant to cosmic relativistic double-layers and relativistic plasma structures that involve energetic plasma flows.
Note: Dead time causes and correction method for single photon avalanche diode devices
Authors: Neri L. , Tudisco S. , Musumeci F. , Scordino A. , Fallica G. , Mazzillo M. , Zimbone M.
Published: August 2010

Single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is the new generation of Geiger–Muller (GM) detectors, developed with semiconductor technology, and able to detect single photons, mainly in visible range. In this work we study the signal generation process and the dead time (DT) mechanisms of the device under a constant light regime. According to our results, it is possible to discriminate low rate signals from afterpulse and noise production and, moreover, to overcome the saturation effect due to the dead time losses. Starting from hybrid DT model [S. H. Lee and R. P. Gardner, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 53, 731 (2000)] we have been able to evaluate the real amount of incident photon rate up to 107 cps using a passive quenched device with 0.97 μs total dead time. In this way the passive quenched SPAD achieves the same performance of the active quenched one showing that relatively complex data analysis and complex device implementation are comparable solutions for constant light measurement. We also analyze some effects, lacking in GM counter, which should be introduced in the analysis of semiconductor device, as afterpulse, reduced photon detection efficiency, and noise production.
Optical spectroscopy of cubic GaN in nanowires
Authors: Renard J. , Tourbot G. , Sam-Giao D. , Bougerol C. , Daudin B. , Gayral B.
Published: August 2010

We show that highly homogeneous cubic GaN can be grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on wurtzite GaN nanowires. The line width of the donor bound exciton is below 3 meV and can reach 1.6 meV in the best parts of the studied sample. This allows to perform a detailed spectroscopy of cubic GaN, and, in particular, to determine the precise spectral positions of the donor bound exciton, the fundamental free exciton and the split-off exciton in a photoluminescence experiment.
Development of an x-ray prism for analyzer based imaging systems
Authors: Bewer Brian , Chapman Dean
Published: August 2010

Analyzer crystal based imaging techniques such as diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) and multiple imaging radiography (MIR) utilize the Bragg peak of perfect crystal diffraction to convert angular changes into intensity changes. These x-ray techniques extend the capability of conventional radiography, which derives image contrast from absorption, by providing large intensity changes for small angle changes introduced from the x-ray beam traversing the sample. Objects that have very little absorption contrast may have considerable refraction and ultrasmall angle x-ray scattering contrast improving visualization and extending the utility of x-ray imaging. To improve on the current DEI technique an x-ray prism (XRP) was designed and included in the imaging system. The XRP allows the analyzer crystal to be aligned anywhere on the rocking curve without physically moving the analyzer from the Bragg angle. By using the XRP to set the rocking curve alignment rather than moving the analyzer crystal physically the needed angle sensitivity is changed from submicroradians for direct mechanical movement of the analyzer crystal to tens of milliradians for movement of the XRP angle. However, this improvement in angle positioning comes at the cost of absorption loss in the XRP and depends on the x-ray energy. In addition to using an XRP for crystal alignment it has the potential for scanning quickly through the entire rocking curve. This has the benefit of collecting all the required data for image reconstruction in a single measurement thereby removing some problems with motion artifacts which remain a concern in current DEI/MIR systems especially for living animals.
Note: A modular and robust continuous supersonic expansion discharge source
Authors: Crabtree Kyle N. , Kauffman Carrie A. , McCall Benjamin J.
Published: August 2010

A direct current discharge has been coupled with a continuous supersonic expansion to provide a source of rotationally cold molecular ions for gas phase spectroscopy. Constructed primarily of machinable ceramic and stainless steel, this source design is modular, customizable, and robust. Its performance has been assessed by recording transitions within the ν2 fundamental band of H3+ using cavity ringdown spectroscopy to determine the rotational temperature of ions produced in the free-jet expansion. Temperature and column density were recorded as a function of discharge current as the source was operated over a period of 200 h. Observed temperatures ranged between 50–110 K, and the ion column densities between 8×1010 and 2×1012 cm−2.
On the proton kinetic energy in H2O and in nanotube water
Authors: Moreh R. , Nemirovsky D.
Published: August 2010

We calculated the kinetic energies of the H-atom in ice Ih between 5 and 269 K and in water in the range 293–673 K. To do so we used the literature optical vibration frequencies of ice and water of the different phases assuming the harmonic approximation and decoupling between the degrees of freedom of translation, rotation (libration), and internal vibrations. Apart for ice at 269 K, good agreement was obtained with published experimental values for both cases. Similar agreement with experiment was found for the case of water confined in 14 Å diameter carbon nanotubes at 268 K. However, serious deviations from measured values were found in nanotube water in the range 5–230 K. Possible reasons for those deviations are discussed.
Carbon nanotube initiated formation of carbon nanoscrolls
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Teng
Published: August 2010

The unique topology and exceptional properties of carbon nanoscrolls (CNSs) have inspired unconventional nanodevice concepts, yet the fabrication of CNSs remains rather challenging. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate the spontaneous formation of a CNS from graphene on a substrate, initiated by a carbon nanotube (CNT). The rolling of graphene into a CNS is modulated by the CNT size, the carbon–carbon interlayer adhesion, and the graphene–substrate interaction. A phase diagram emerging from the simulations can offer quantitative guideline toward a feasible and robust physical approach to fabricating CNSs.
Hydrogen storage cycling of MgH2 thin film nanocomposites catalyzed by bimetallic Cr Ti
Authors: Zahiri Beniamin , Amirkhiz Babak Shalchi , Mitlin David
Published: August 2010

We examine hydrogen sorption cycling of 1.5 μm thick magnesium thin films containing a bimetallic chromium titanium catalyst. At 200 °C these nanocomposites absorb 5 wt % hydrogen in several seconds, and desorb in 10–20 minutes. In several compositions, there is negligible hydrogenation kinetics or capacity degradation even at over 100 cycles. Equally importantly, the ternary films require minimal activation, achieving rapid magnesium hydride formation and decomposition from cycle one. Pressure-composition isotherms display well-known enthalpies of MgH2. Transmission electron microscopy analysis supports a hypothesis that such extreme kinetics is due to the presence of a nanodispersed Cr Ti phase in Mg matrix.