bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using fuzzy string matching for automated assessment of listener transcripts in speech intelligibility studies
Authors: Bosker Hans Rutger
Published: March 2021

Many studies of speech perception assess the intelligibility of spoken sentence stimuli by means of transcription tasks (‘type out what you hear’). The intelligibility of a given stimulus is then often expressed in terms of percentage of words correctly reported from the target sentence. Yet scoring the participants’ raw responses for words correctly identified from the target sentence is a time-consuming task, and hence resource-intensive. Moreover, there is no consensus among speech scientists about what specific protocol to use for the human scoring, limiting the reliability of human scores. The present paper evaluates various forms of fuzzy string matching between participants’ responses and target sentences, as automated metrics of listener transcript accuracy. We demonstrate that one particular metric, the token sort ratio, is a consistent, highly efficient, and accurate metric for automated assessment of listener transcripts, as evidenced by high correlations with human-generated scores (best correlation: r = 0.940) and a strong relationship to acoustic markers of speech intelligibility. Thus, fuzzy string matching provides a practical tool for assessment of listener transcript accuracy in large-scale speech intelligibility studies. See https://tokensortratio.netlify.app for an online implementation.
Dyslexia treatment studies: A systematic review and suggestions on testing treatment efficacy with small effects and small samples
Authors: Toffalini Enrico , Giofrè David , Pastore Massimiliano , Carretti Barbara , Fraccadori Federica , Szűcs Denes
Published: March 2021

Poor response to treatment is a defining characteristic of reading disorder. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we found that the overall average effect size for treatment efficacy was modest, with a mean standardized difference of 0.38. Small true effects, combined with the difficulty to recruit large samples, seriously challenge researchers planning to test treatment efficacy in dyslexia and potentially in other learning disorders. Nonetheless, most published studies claim effectiveness, generally based on liberal use of multiple testing. This inflates the risk that most statistically significant results are associated with overestimated effect sizes. To enhance power, we propose the strategic use of repeated measurements with mixed-effects modelling. This novel approach would enable us to estimate both individual parameters and population-level effects more reliably. We suggest assessing a reading outcome not once, but three times, at pre-treatment and three times at post-treatment. Such design would require only modest additional efforts compared to current practices. Based on this, we performed ad hoc a priori design analyses via simulation studies. Results showed that using the novel design may allow one to reach adequate power even with low sample sizes of 30–40 participants (i.e., 15–20 participants per group) for a typical effect size of d = 0.38. Nonetheless, more conservative assumptions are warranted for various reasons, including a high risk of publication bias in the extant literature. Our considerations can be extended to intervention studies of other types of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Применение метода газоразрядной визуализации для сравнительной экспресс-оценки качественных различий состояния здоровья населения, проживающего на отдельных территориях Арктической зоны Российской Федерации.
Authors:   ФГБУН ФИЦ «Кольский научный центр Российской академии наук», Соловьевская Н. Л. , Белишева Н. К. ,   ФГБУН ФИЦ «Кольский научный центр Российской академии наук»
Published: March 2021

В препринте представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований с применением метода газоразрядной визуализации (ГРВ), выполненных в НИЦ МБП КНЦ РАНдля оценки интегрального состояния организма детского и взрослого населения, проживающего на отдельных территориях Арктической зоны Российской Федерации (АЗРФ), включая арх. Шпицберген. Показаны возможности метода для выявления воздействия различных факторов среды, в том числе геофизических агентов, на организм человека. В таблицах приведены значения показателей ГРВ-грамм для различных половозрастных и этнических групп населения высоких широт на территориях, отличающихся уровнем загрязнения окружающей среды. Приведены свидетельства перспективности использования метода ГРВ для сравнительной экспресс-оценки качественных различий здоровья населения, проживающего на территориях с различными вкладами природного и техногенного воздействия.
Pengaruh small sided games terhadap peningkatan vo2max
Authors: Supriady Andy
Published: March 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Small Sided Games terhadap peningkatan VO2Max. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah pemain sepak bola PS Rick’s Sayati dengan sample sebanyak 25 orang mengunakan teknik total sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan Bleep Test. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis paired sample T-test, dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05 (5%). Dari uji tersebut diperoleh nilai sig 0,000 < 0,05. Apabila dilihat dari data mean difference sebesar 1,85. Maka Peningkatan persentase tersebut sebesar 5,39%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan metode Small Side Games terhadap peningkatan VO2max pada pemain sepak bola di PS Rick’s Sayati
Dukungan sosial dalam aktivitas jasmani remaja
Authors: Hadyansah Diky
Published: March 2021

Dukungan sosial digambarkan sebagai faktor lingkungan sosial yang memberikan pengaruh besar dalam proses timbulnya perilaku aktivitas jasmani seseorang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kontribusi dimensi dukungan sosial yang meliputi tangible support, appraisal support, self-esteem support and belonging support dalam menumbuhkan keinginan untuk melakukan aktivitas jasmani. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif korelasional, teknik survey melalui kuesioner dan skala sebagai alat pengumpul data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, dimensi dukungan sosial memberikan kontribusi terhadap perilaku aktivitas jasmani sebesar 12%. Kesimpulan besaran kontribusi parsial sebesar 3% untuk appraisalsupport, 1,5% untuk belonging support, 0,1% untuk tangible support, dan 2% untuk self esteem dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
Meningkatkan keterampilan passing atas bola voli melalui media pembelajaran menggunakan alat bantu
Authors: Sulistiadinata Heru
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan keterampilan passing atas bola voli melalui alat bantu bola futsal, bola plastik, bola karet, bola tenis dan tong besar. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas dengan model Kemmis & McTaggart. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMK Kiansantang Bandung sebanyak 33 siswa. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi. Analisis data dengan menggunakan deskriptif statistika dengan melihat KKM menggunakan Patokan Acuan Penilaian (PAP). Hasil penelitian menyatakan pembelajaran alat bantu dapat meningkatkan keterampilan passing atas bola voli. Pada siklus I terdapat peningkatan rata-rata kelas sebesar 62,57 dan sebanyak 10 siswa yang tuntas dengan persentase 29 % yang tidak tuntas sebanyak 25 siswa dengan persentase sebesar 71%. Pada siklus 2 sebanyak 35 siswa yang tuntas atau seluruh siswa dinyatakan tuntas dengan rata-rata kelas 80,86. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan alat bantu dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar keterampilan passing atas bola voli.
Measurement of Photon Matter Interaction Parameters for some Iodine Compounds
Authors: Kucukonder A , Tekerek S
Published: March 2021

In this study, total atomic cross-section (σta), total moleculer cross-section (σtm) total electronic cross-section (σte), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff) and Kerma (K) were determined both experimentally and theoretically values for some iodine compounds. Experimental mass attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ) values for some iodine compounds were calculated with the data obtained from the test results. The theoretical mass attenuation coefficient values of these compounds were calculated with the WinXCOM data program. Also, we have performed the measurements for the calculations of experimental values mass attenuation coefficient using direct transmission experimental geometry. The transmission photon intensity of halogene iodine compounds were measured in a narrow beam experiment geometry was used 59.543 keV γ-ray from an 241Am radioactive source. The tranmissions spectra from iodine compounds were recorded with a Si (Li) detector having a resolution of 155 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV (55Fe) and coupled to a 1024 channel analyzer through a spectroscopic amplifier. This study was provided that new insights into the literature since mass attenuation coefficient experimental values of some I compounds have not been determined previously. More research should be done to observe the changes in the chemical structure of iodine compounds with gamma-ray interaction. This study will shed light on further research.
DETERMINAN PEMILIHAN PERTOLONGAN PERSALINAN DI DESA LINSOWU KECAMATAN KULISUSU KABUPATEN BUTON UTARA TAHUN 2019
Authors: Suntrisnawati Suntrisnawati , Junaid Junaid , Nirmala Fifi
Published: March 2021

Persalinan adalah serangkaian kejadian pada ibu hamil yang berakhir dengan pengeluaran bayi yang cukup bulan, disusul dengan pengeluaran plasenta dan selaput janin dari tubuh si ibu. Tujuan penelian Untukmengetahui hubungan pendidikan ibu, adat istiadat, dukungan suami, dan sosial ekonomi dalam pemilihanpertolongan persalinan di Desa Linsowu Kecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara Tahun 2019. Jenispenelitian ini penelitian observasional Analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian iniadalah seluruh ibu nifas yang melahirkan ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan dan ditolong oleh tenaga dukunsebanyak 36 dalam waktu satu tahun (Januari-Mei 2019). Pengambilan sampel dalam peneletian ini Sampeldalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Total sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yangmelahirkan ditolong oleh tenaga kesehatan dan ibu yang melahirkan di tolong oleh dukun yang bertempattinggal di Desa Linsowu Kecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara berjumlah 36 responden tahun 2019. Hasilada hubungan pendidikan ibu terhadap pemilihan pertolongan persalinan di Desa Linsowu Kecamatan KulisusuKabupaten Buton Utara tahun 2019 Berdasarkan uji chis-square diperoleh nilai p-value= 0,014 (p-value <0,05),tidak ada hubungan kepercayaan tradisional terhadap pemilihan pertolongan persalinan di Desa LinsowuKecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara tahun 2019 Berdasarkan uji chis-square diperoleh nilai p-value=0,657 (p-value >0,05), ada hubungan dukungan suami terhadap pemilihan pertolongan persalinan di DesaLinsowu Kecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara tahun 2019 Berdasarkan uji chis-square diperoleh nilai p-value= 0,213 (p-value >0,05), ada hubungan sosial ekonomi terhadap pemilihan pertolongan persalinan di DesaLinsowu Kecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara tahun 2019 Berdasarkan uji chi-square diperoleh nilai p-value= 0,037 (p-value <0,05) Kata kunci: Pendidikan, Adat Istiadat, Dukungan Suami (Keluarga), Sosial Ekonomi
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PASIR PUTIH KABUPATEN MUNA TAHUN 2018
Authors: Wa Deli Wa Deli , Zainudin Asnia , Harun Hilda
Published: March 2021

Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) adalah infeksi saluran pernapasan atas dan bawah. Hal ini dapat diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti pola asuh orang tua, lingkungan rumah dan kondisi fisik rumah.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian ISPA pada balita di wilayahkerja Puskesmas Pasir Putih Kabupaten Muna Tahun 2018. Informan pada penelitian ini yaitu tiga orang ibubalita yang menderita ISPA sebagai informan kunci dan dua orang suami ibu balita yang bersedia menjadiinforman biasa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penentuaninforman dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan menetapkan ciri-ciri khusus yang sesuaidengan tujuan penelitian. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan telaah pustaka dan wawancara mendalam kepadasemua informan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kejadin ISPA pada balita terjadi karenaketidakpedulian dan kurangnya pemahaman ibu balita mengenai pola asuh yang baik, lingkungan rumah yangtercemar dan kondisi fisik rumah yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Kata kunci: ISPA, Fakto-faktor, Balita
Efektivitas Penggunaan Kapur Tohor (CaCO3) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Besi (Fe) Pada Air Sumur Gali di Desa Pebunooha Kabupaten Konawe
Authors: Purnama Indra , Anggriani Dian , Fitra Fitra
Published: March 2021

Abstrak Air merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat mendasar bagi manusia. Berhubungan dengan ketersediaan sarana airbersih di Desa Pebunooha Kabupaten Konawe masih menjadi permasalahan serius. Jenis sarana air bersih yangdigunakan masyarakat saat ini sebagian besar menggunakan air sumur gali, namun air yang dihasilkan belummemenuhi syarat kualitas air bersih karena secara fisik masih terlihat keruh dan berwarna. Penelitian ini adalahPre Eksperimen yaitu penelitian percobaan yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui suatu gejala atau pengaruh yangditimbulkan sebagai akibat adanya perlakuan. Kemudian hasilnya akan dianalisis secara analitik. Uji statistikyang digunakan adalah uji One Way Anova untuk melihat pengaruh kapur tohor sebelum dan sesudahperlakuan.Hasil Uji Statistik menunjukan ada pengaruh pemberian kapur tohor terhadap penurunan kadar Fepada air sumur gali (Fhitung = 80.158 > Ftabel = 3.84) pada taraf kepercayaan 95 % (α = 0,05).Kata Kunci : Sumur Gali, Kapur Tohor dan Fe, Desa Pebunooha
ANALISIS FENOMENA DIARE AKUT PADA BALITA 6-24 BULAN TERHADAP KONSUMSI ASI DAN MP-ASI DI PUSKESMAS SAMBAS KECAMATAN SIBOLGA KOTA, KOTA SIBOLGA, SUMATERA UTARA TAHUN 2020
Authors: Pohan Muhammad Syahrullah , Nada Silalahi Natassha Millenizkha , Kurnia Muhammad Aditya
Published: March 2021

Abstrak Penyebab Diare akut pada anak erat kaitannya dengan faktor lingkungan dan faktor perilaku. Faktor lingkunganyaitu yang disebabkan oleh sejumlah bakteri, virus dan organisme parasit, yang sebagian besar disebarkan olehair yang terkontaminasi faeces. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan desainpenelitian cross sectional, dengan metode purposive sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan sampel. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa paling banyak balita jenis kelamin paling banyak adalah laki-laki (51%),mayoritas berusia 7-12 bulan (37%), lama diare mayoritas 3-4 hari (48%), frekuensi diare sebanyak 1-3 kali/ harisebanyak (54%), konsistensi lembek sebanyak (60%), berdasarkan pemberian ASI pada balita paling banyak ibumemberikan ASI kepada anaknya sebanyak (55%), usia MPASI paling banyak diberikan pada usia 7 bulan (67%),Berdasarkan usia MPASI paling banyak anak diberikan sebanyak 2-3 kali/hari sebanyak (70%). Ada hubunganyang signifikan pemberian ASI (p=0,046) dan MP-ASI (p=0,015) dengan kejadian diare akut pada balita usia 6-24Bulan di Puskemas Sambas.Kata Kunci : Diare Akut, MP-ASI, ASI
UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTARK BUNGA PEPAYA TERHADAP KOLESTEROL MENCIT JANTAN YANG DI INDUKSI SUKROSA
Authors: Tampubolon Ester Juanita , Marpaung Febri Sri Astuti , Andika Muhammad Insan , Lubis Yolanda Eliza Putri , Mutia Maya Sari
Published: March 2021

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuiuji efektivitas ekstrak bunga pepaya terhadap kolesterol mencit jantan yang di induksi dengan sukrosa. Kolesterol adalah salah satu lemak tubuh yang berada bentuk dalam asam lemak bebas dan ester serta merupakan komponen utama selaput sel otak dan saraf. Salah satu buah-buahan yang mengandung serat tinggi yang dapat menormalkan tekanan darah adalah buah papaya. Buah pepaya banyak mengandung zat-zat kimia yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh, terutama pada pembuluh darah. Buah papaya kaya Karoten), vitamin C, akan vitamin A ( pektin dan enzim papain). Enzim lipoprotein lipase ini merupakan enzim yang berperan dalam menurunkan kadar trigliserida, sehingga dengan adanya gangguan insulin, hidrolisis trigliserida cenderung meningkat dan menyebabkan meningkatkan kadar trigliserida. Berdasarkan hasil diatas menunjukkan bahwa kelompok perlakuan yang paling besar penurunan kolesterol adalah dengan ekstrak bunga pepaya dosis 400 mg/kgBB turun 4,80 %. Kata Kunci : Carrica papaya, Kolesterol, Sukrosa
PEMILIHAN METODE KONTRASEPSI JANGKA PANJANG (MKJP) PADA AKSEPTOR KB DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TAMALANREA KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Azis Rahmawati , Musfirah Musfirah , Hasmiyani Hasmiyani
Published: March 2021

AbstrakMasalah utama yang dihadapi di Negara Indonesia adalah dibidang kependudukan. Semakin tinggi pertumbuhan penduduk semakin besar usaha yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang (MKJP) merupakan metode kontrasepsi yang sangat efektif untuk menurunkan angka kelahiran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur, pendidikan, pengetahuan, dukungan suami dan norma budaya dengan penggunaan metode kontrasepsi jangka (MKJP) menggunakan metode pendekatan Cross Sectional Study di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tamalanrea Kecamatan Tamalanrea Makassar Tahun 2020 dengan jumlah sampel 112 serta metode pengambilan menggunakan Purposive Sampling. Hubungan antara variabel diuji menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan nilai signifikan (α = 0.05). Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh nilai untuk hubungan umur dengan MKJP (ρ=0,334), pendidikan dengan MKJP (ρ=0,000), pengetahuan dengan MKJP (ρ=0,000), dukungan suami dengan MKJP (ρ=0,001) dan norma budaya dengan MKJP (ρ=0,927). Disarankan kepada Puskesmas Tamalanrea Kecamatan Tamalanrea untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan keterampilan tenaga kesehatan terkait kontrasepsi, untuk akseptor KB diharapkan berperan aktif dalam setiap kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan konrasepsi terutama MKJP.Kata Kunci : MKJP, umur, pendidikan, pengetahuan, dukungan suami, norma budaya
Microwave Heat Treatment to Manufacture Foam Glass Gravel
Authors: Paunescu Lucian
Published: March 2021

Abstract                                                        

The paper aimed at the experimental manufacture of a foam glass gravel type by sintering at over 900 ºC a powder mixture composed of recycled glass waste (92%), sodium borate (6%), kaolin (0.3%), silicon carbide (1.7%) and water addition (12%). The originality of the work was the application of the unconventional technique of microwave heating through a predominantly direct heating procedure. The product foamed at 908 ºC had a very fine porous structure (pore size between 0.05-0.20 mm) and a compressive strength above the usual level of foam glass gravels (7.8 MPa). The apparent density of 0.28 g/cm3 corresponding to a bulk density of 0.20 g/cm3 and the thermal conductivity of 0.075 W/m·K ensures the thermal insulating character of the material required for use in the specific field of applications of foam glass gravel. The manufacturing process had an excellent energy efficiency, the specific energy consumption decreasing up to 0.70 kWh/kg.
Rendészet a büntetőjog tükrében – Szamel Lajos munkássága alapján
Authors: Blaskó Béla , Fantoly Zsanett
Published: March 2021

Building on the seminal work of the late Hungarian legal scholar Lajos Szamel, the authors analyze the role of law enforcement in comparison to criminal law, administrative law, and criminal procedural law.
ADDRESSING PRESENT CHALLENGES IN THE LIFE-CYCLE OF WETLANDS MANAGEMENT TO SUCCESSFULLY INTEGRATE SUSTAINABILITY AND GOOD GOVERNANCE
Authors: Tomaškinová Judita , Tomaškin Ján , Theuma Hubert , Alcántara Valero Andrés F. , Attard Vincent
Published: March 2021

The assessment of management effectiveness during the whole life-cycle process of protected areas (PAs) has become increasingly important, due to the lack of holistic background assessment work on management processes leading to a deeper knowledge of sustainable development (SD) principles. This paper aims to serve as a practical guide through a gradation model of integrated protected area management (IPAM) by carrying out an exhaustive trans-dimensional assessment of management effectiveness, identifying a critical field of activities and developing a framework mix of strategic recommendations leading to the implementation of an effective planning process. Our results could aid in the prioritisation of key decisions towards a more in-depth understanding of how to set up a balanced IPAM, as well as to enable managers and decision-makers to focus on activities that can further pre-established aims and reach the goal of five-dimensional sustainability in terms of SD and good governance.
A Distance-deviation Consistency and Model-independent Method to Test the Cosmic Distance–Duality Relation
Authors: Zhou Chichun , Hu Jian , Li Maocai , Yin Xunchang , Fang Guanwen
Published: March 2021

A distance-deviation consistency and model-independent method to test the cosmic distance–duality relation (CDDR) is provided. This method is worthy of attention for two reasons. First, a distance-deviation consistency method is used to pair subsamples: instead of pairing subsamples with redshift deviations smaller than a value of, say,

. The redshift deviation between subsamples decreases with the redshift to ensure the distance deviation stays the same. The method selects more subsamples at high redshift, up to z = 2.16, and provides 120 subsample pairs. Second, the model-independent method involves the latest data set of 1048 SNe Ia and 205 strong gravitational lensing systems (SGLS), which are used to obtain the luminosity distances D

L
and the ratio of angular diameter distance D

A
, respectively. With the model-independent method, parameters of the CDDR, the SNe Ia light curve, and the SGLS are fitted simultaneously. The result shows that

and CDDR is validated at the 1σ confidence level in the form of

.
Search for Low-energy Electron Antineutrinos in KamLAND Associated with Gravitational Wave Events
Authors: Abe S. , Asami S. , Gando A. , Gando Y. , Gima T. , Goto A. , Hachiya T. , Hata K. , Hayashida S. , Hosokawa K. , Ichimura K. , Ieki S. , Ikeda H. , Inoue K. , Ishidoshiro K. , Kamei Y. , Kawada N. , Kishimoto Y. , Kinoshita T. , Koga M. , Maemura N. , Mitsui T. , Miyake H. , Nakamura K. , Nakamura K. , Nakamura R. , Ozaki H. , Sakai T. , Sambonsugi H. , Shimizu I. , Shirai J. , Shiraishi K. , Suzuki A. , Suzuki Y. , Takeuchi A. , Tamae K. , Ueshima K. , Wada Y. , Watanabe H. , Yoshida Y. , Obara S. , Kozlov A. , Chernyak D. , Takemoto Y. , Yoshida S. , Umehara S. , Fushimi K. , Ichikawa A. K. , Nakamura K. Z. , Yoshida M. , Berger B. E. , Fujikawa B. K. , Learned J. G. , Maricic J. , Axani S. N. , Winslow L. A. , Fu Z. , Ouellet J. , Efremenko Y. , Karwowski H. J. , Markoff D. M. , Tornow W. , Li A. , Detwiler J. A. , Enomoto S. , Decowski M. P. , Grant C. , O’Donnell T. , Dell’Oro S. ,   (KamLAND Collaboration)
Published: March 2021

We present the results of a search for MeV-scale electron antineutrino events in KamLAND coincident with the 60 gravitational wave events/candidates reported by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration during their second and third observing runs. We find no significant coincident signals within a ±500 s timing window from each gravitational wave and present 90% C.L. upper limits on the electron antineutrino fluence between 108 and 1013 cm−2 for neutrino energies in the energy range of 1.8–111 MeV.
Planets Across Space and Time (PAST). I. Characterizing the Memberships of Galactic Components and Stellar Ages: Revisiting the Kinematic Methods and Applying to Planet Host Stars
Authors: Chen Di-Chang , Xie Ji-Wei , Zhou Ji-Lin , Dong Subo , Liu Chao , Wang Hai-Feng , Xiang Mao-Sheng , Huang Yang , Luo Ali , Zheng Zheng
Published: March 2021

Over 4000 exoplanets have been identified and thousands of candidates are to be confirmed. The relations between the characteristics of these planetary systems and the kinematics, Galactic components, and ages of their host stars have yet to be well explored. To address these questions, we conduct a research project, dubbed Planets Across Space and Time (PAST). To do this, one of the key steps is to accurately characterize the planet host stars. In this paper, Paper I of the PAST series, we revisit the kinematic method for classification of Galactic components and extend the applicable range of velocity ellipsoid from ∼100 pc to ∼1500 pc from the Sun in order to cover most known planet hosts. Furthermore, we revisit the age–velocity dispersion relation (AVR), which allows us to derive kinematic ages with a typical uncertainty of 10–20% for an ensemble of stars. Applying the above revised methods, we present a catalog of kinematic properties (i.e., Galactic positions, velocities, and the relative membership probabilities among the thin disk, thick disk, Hercules stream, and the halo) as well as other basic stellar parameters for 2174 host stars of 2872 planets by combining data from Gaia, LAMOST, APOGEE, RAVE, and the NASA exoplanet archive. The revised kinematic method and AVR, as well as the stellar catalog of kinematic properties and ages, lay the foundation for future studies of exoplanets in space and time in the Galactic context.
Statistical Survey of Reservoir Phenomenon in Energetic Proton Events Observed by Multiple Spacecraft
Authors: Wang Yang , Lyu Dan , Xiao Boxi , Qin Gang , Zhong Yushui , Lian Lele
Published: March 2021

In this work, reservoir phenomenon in the decay phase of gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events are investigated with two Helios and the IMP 8 spacecraft from 1976 January to 1980 March and two STEREO and the SOHO spacecraft from 2010 January to 2014 September. Using these data, 62 reservoir events of solar energetic protons were identified, and the effects of perpendicular diffusion and magnetic mirroring on the formation of the reservoir phenomenon have been studied. We find that the reservoir events could be observed in almost all longitudes in the ecliptic at 1 au; thus, the perpendicular diffusion in interplanetary space is an important mechanism to explain the uniform distribution of SEPs. Furthermore, in the 1976 April 30 event, the effects of magnetic mirroring associated with an interplanetary coronal mass ejection were observed during the reservoir phenomenon. Therefore, the effects of magnetic mirroring could also help to form the reservoir phenomenon. This study could improve the understanding of the propagation of SEPs in interplanetary space.
Rigorous Theory for Secondary Cosmic-Ray Ionization
Authors: Ivlev Alexei V. , Silsbee Kedron , Padovani Marco , Galli Daniele
Published: March 2021

The energy spectrum of electrons produced in molecular gas by interstellar cosmic rays (CRs) is rigorously calculated as a function of gas column density N traversed by the CRs. This allows us to accurately compute the local value of the secondary ionization rate of molecular hydrogen,

, as a function of the local primary ionization rate, ζ

p
(N). The ratio

increases monotonically with N, and can considerably exceed the value of ≈0.67 commonly adopted in the literature. For sufficiently soft interstellar spectra, the dependence

versus N is practically insensitive to their particular shape and thus is a general characteristic of the secondary CR ionization in dense gas.
A ΔR ∼ 9.5 mag Superflare of an Ultracool Star Detected by the SVOM/GWAC System
Authors: Xin L. P. , Li H. L. , Wang J. , Han X. H. , Xu Y. , Meng X. M. , Cai H. B. , Huang L. , Lu X. M. , Qiu Y. L. , Wang X. G. , Liang E. W. , Dai Z. G. , Wang X. Y. , Wu C. , Zhang J. B. , Li G. W. , Turpin D. , Feng Q. C. , Deng J. S. , Sun S. S. , Zheng T. C. , Yang Y. G. , Wei J. Y.
Published: March 2021

We report the detection and follow-up of a superstellar flare GWAC 181229A with an amplitude of ΔR ∼ 9.5 mag on an M9-type star by SVOM/GWAC and the dedicated follow-up telescopes. The estimated bolometric energy E
bol is (5.56–9.25) × 1034 erg, which makes the event one of the most powerful flares seen on ultracool stars. The magnetic strength is inferred to be 3.6–4.7 kG. Thanks to sampling with a cadence of 15 s, a new component near the peak time with a very steep decay is detected in the R-band light curve, followed by the two-component flare template given by Davenport et al. An effective temperature of 5340 ± 40 K is measured by fitting a blackbody shape to the spectrum in the shallower phase during the flare. The filling factors of the flare are estimated to be ∼30% and 19% at the peak time and at 54 minutes after the first detection. The detection of this particular event with large amplitude, huge emitted energy, and a new component demonstrates that high-cadence sky monitoring cooperation with fast follow-up observations is very important for understanding the violent magnetic activity.
Transient Formation of Loops in the Core of an Active Region
Authors: Tripathi Durgesh
Published: March 2021

We study the formation of transient loops in the core of the AR 11890. For this purpose, we have used the observations recorded by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). For photospheric field configuration, we have used the line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms obtained from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. The transient is simultaneously observed in all the UV and EUV channels of AIA and the three slit-jaw images from IRIS. The coexistence of the transient in all AIA and IRIS SJI channels suggests the transient’s multithermal nature. The transient consists of short loops located at the base of the transient, as well as long loops. A differential emission measure analysis shows that the transient has a clumpy structure. The highest emission observed at the base is within the temperature bin of

. We observe the longer loops at a similar temperature, albeit very feeble. Using LOS magnetograms, we conclude that the magnetic reconnection may have caused the transient. Our observations further suggest that the physics of the formation of such transients may be similar to those of typical coronal jets, albeit in different topological configurations. Such multiwavelength observations shed light on the formation of hot plasma in the solar corona and provide further essential constraints on modeling the thermodynamics of such transients.
Modeling the in-orbit Background of PolarLight
Authors: Huang Jiahui , Feng Hua , Li Hong , Long Xiangyun , Yang Dongxin , Zeng Weihe , Wu Qiong , Jiang Weichun , Minuti Massimo , Costa Enrico , Muleri Fabio , Citraro Saverio , Nasimi Hikmat , Yu Jiandong , Jin Ge , Zeng Zhi , Zeng Ming , An Peng , Baldini Luca , Bellazzini Ronaldo , Brez Alessandro , Latronico Luca , Sgrò Carmelo , Spandre Gloria , Pinchera Michele , Soffitta Paolo
Published: March 2021

PolarLight is a gas pixel X-ray polarimeter mounted on a CubeSat, which was launched into a Sun-synchronous orbit in 2018 October. We build a mass model of the whole CubeSat with the Geant4 toolkit to simulate the background induced by the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) and high-energy charged particles in the orbit. The simulated energy spectra and morphologies of event images both suggest that the background measured with PolarLight is dominated by high-energy electrons, with a minor contribution from protons and the CXB. The simulation reveals that, in the energy range 2–8 keV, roughly 28% of background events are caused by energy deposited by a secondary electron with an energy of a few keV, in a physical process identical to the detection of X-rays. Thus, this fraction of the background cannot be discriminated from X-ray events. The background distribution is uneven on the detector plane, with an enhancement near the edges. The edge effect occurs because high-energy electrons tend to produce long tracks, which are discarded by the readout electronics unless energy is partially deposited near the edges. The internal background rate is expected to be around 6 × 10−3 counts s−1 cm−2 at 2–8 keV if an effective particle discrimination algorithm can be applied. This indicates that the internal background should be negligible for future focusing X-ray polarimeters with a focal size of the order of millimeters.
X-Ray Intraday Variability of the TeV Blazar PKS 2155–304 with Suzaku during 2005–2014
Authors: Zhang Zhongli , Gupta Alok C. , Gaur Haritma , Wiita Paul J. , An Tao , Lu Yang , Fan Shida , Xu Haiguang
Published: March 2021

We have examined 13 pointed observations of the TeV-emitting high synchrotron peak blazar PKS 2155−304, taken by the Suzaku satellite throughout its operational period. We found that the blazar showed large-amplitude intraday variabilities in the soft (0.8–1.5 keV) and the hard (1.5–8.0 keV) bands in the light curves. Spectral variability on intraday timescales is estimated using the hardness ratio. The blazar usually becomes harder when brighter and vice versa, following the typical behavior of high synchrotron peak blazars. The power spectral density analyses of 11 out of 13 light curves in the total energy (0.8–8.0 keV) are found to be dominated by red noise, with power-law spectral indices that span a large range, from −2.81 to −0.88. Discrete correlation function analyses of all the 13 light curves between the soft and the hard bands show that they are well correlated and peak at, or very close to, zero lag. This indicates that the emissions in soft and hard bands are probably cospatial and emitted from the same population of leptons. Considering fluxes versus variability timescales, we found no correlation on intraday timescales, implying that X-ray emission from PKS 2155−304 is not dominated by simple changes in the Doppler factor. We briefly discuss the most likely emission mechanisms responsible for the observed flux and spectral variabilities and place constraints on magnetic field strength and Lorentz factors of the electrons emitting the X-rays in the most likely scenario.
The Neupert Effect of Flare Ultraviolet and Soft X-Ray Emissions
Authors: Qiu Jiong
Published: March 2021

We model the Neupert effect that relates flare heating energy with the observed soft X-ray (SXR) emission. The traditional form of the Neupert effect refers to the correlation between the time-integrated hard X-ray or microwave light curve and the SXR light curve. In this paper, we instead use as the proxy for heating energy the ultraviolet (UV) emission at the footpoints of flare loops and modify the model of the Neupert effect by taking into account the discrete nature of flare heating, as well as cooling. In the modified empirical model, spatially resolved UV light curves from the transition region or upper chromosphere are each convolved with a kernel function characterizing the decay of the flare loop emission. Contributions by all loops are summed to compare with the observed total SXR emission. The model has successfully reproduced the observed SXR emission from its rise to decay. To estimate the heating energies in flare loops, we also employ the UV footpoint calorimeter (UFC) method that infers heating rates in flare loops from these UV light curves and models the evolution of flare loops with a zero-dimensional hydrodynamic code. The experiments show that a multitude of impulsive heating events do not well reproduce the observed flare SXR light curve, but a two-phase heating model leads to better agreement with observations. Comparison of the two models of the Neupert effect further allows us to calibrate the UFC method and improve the estimate of heating rates in flare loops continuously formed by magnetic reconnection throughout the flare evolution.
The Evolution of NGC 7465 as Revealed by Its Molecular Gas Properties
Authors: Young Lisa M. , Meier David S. , Bureau Martin , Crocker Alison , Davis Timothy A. , Topal Selçuk
Published: March 2021

We present ALMA observations of CO isotopologues and high-density molecular tracers (HCN, HCO+, CN, etc.) in NGC 7465, an unusually gas-rich early-type galaxy that acquired its cold gas recently. In the inner 300 pc, the molecular gas kinematics are misaligned with respect to all other galaxy components; as the gas works its way inward, it is torqued into polar orbits about the stellar kinematically decoupled core (KDC), indicating that the stellar KDC is not related to the current gas accretion event. The galaxy also exhibits unusually high 12CO/13CO line ratios in its nucleus but typical 13CO/C18O ratios. Our calculations show that this result does not necessarily indicate an unusual [12CO/13CO] abundance ratio but rather that 12CO (1–0) is optically thin due to high temperatures and/or large line widths associated with the inner decoupled, misaligned molecular structure. Line ratios of the higher-density tracers suggest that the densest phase of molecular gas in NGC 7465 has a lower density than is typical for nearby galaxies, possibly as a result of the recent gas accretion. All of the observed molecular properties of NGC 7465 are consistent with it having acquired its molecular (and atomic) gas from a spiral galaxy. Further detailed studies of the CO isotopologues in other early-type galaxies would be valuable for investigating the histories of those that may have acquired their gas from dwarfs. Finally, these ALMA data also show an unidentified line source that is probably a background galaxy similar to those found at z = 1–3 in blind CO surveys.
Deciphering the 3D Orion Nebula-IV: The HH 269 Flow Emerges from the Orion-S Embedded Molecular Cloud
Authors: O’Dell C. R. , Abel N. P. , Ferland G. J.
Published: March 2021

We have extended the membership and determined the 3D structure of the large (0.19 pc) HH 269 sequence of shocks in the Orion Nebula. All of the components lie along a track that is highly tilted to the plane of the sky and emerge from within the Orion-S embedded molecular cloud. Their source is probably either the highly obscured mm 9 source associated with a high N2H+ density core (more likely) or the more distant star COUP 632 (less likely). The former must be located in the photon dominated region (PDR) underlying the ionized surface of the Orion-S Cloud, while the latter would be embedded within the Orion-S Cloud. The flows seem to be episodic, with intervals of 1900–2600 yr or 700–2600 yr if COUP 632 is the source.
Eight-year Simultaneous Monitoring Observations of H2O and SiO Masers toward V627 Cas
Authors: Yang Haneul , Cho Se-Hyung , Yun Youngjoo , Yoon Dong-Hwan , Kim Jaeheon
Published: March 2021

Simultaneous monitoring observations of H2O 61,6 − 52,3 and SiO v = 1, 2, J = 1 → 0, v = 1, J = 2 → 1, J = 3 → 2 masers were performed toward the suspected D-type symbiotic star V627 Cas from 2011 October to 2020 March using the Korean Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network (KVN) single-dish telescopes. All spectra of the H2O masers showed highly redshifted emissions with respect to the stellar velocity of −52 km s−1 with high asymmetries. In addition, the spectra of the H2O maser showed three components which varied according to observational dates. On the other hand, the SiO v = 1, 2, J = 1 → 0 and v = 1, J = 2 → 1 masers exhibited a predominantly blueshifted emission in most epochs. The SiO v = 1, J = 3 → 2 maser has arisen around the stellar velocity from 2016 November 19 and shows a predominantly redshifted emission from 2018 June 15. We analyze time variations of the H2O and SiO maser intensities, their intensity ratios, peak and mean velocities, and full width zero power. Based on these analyses, the asymmetries of the H2O and SiO masers’ spectra in V627 Cas and the variation characteristics of the maser properties of the different maser lines are discussed. As a possible cause of asymmetries, the influence of a hot component located at the eastern part of the red giant can be suggested based on the KVN VLBI results. The differences in the variation characteristics of the maser properties may originate from the differences in their locations and excitation conditions.
Giant Radio Quasars: Sample and Basic Properties
Authors: Kuźmicz Agnieszka , Jamrozy Marek
Published: March 2021

We present the largest sample of giant radio quasars (GRQs), which are defined as having a projected linear size greater than 0.7 Mpc. The sample consists of 272 GRQs, of which 174 are new objects discovered through cross-matching the NRAO Very Large Array Sky Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey 14th Data Release Quasar Catalog (DR14Q) and confirmed using Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST) radio maps. In our analysis we compare the GRQs with 367 smaller, lobe-dominated radio quasars found using our search method, as well as with quasars from the SDSS DR14Q, investigating the parameters characterizing their radio emission (i.e., total and core radio luminosity, radio core prominence), optical properties (black hole masses, accretion rates, distribution in Eigenvector 1 plane) and infrared colors. For the GRQs and smaller radio quasars we find a strong correlation between [O III] luminosity and radio luminosity at 1.4 GHz, indicating a strong connection between radio emission and conditions in the narrow-line region. We spot no significant differences between GRQs and smaller radio quasars, however we show that most extended radio quasars belong to a quasar population of evolved active galactic nuclei with large black hole masses and low accretion rates. We also show that GRQs have bluer W2–W3 colors compared to SDSS quasars with FIRST detections, indicating differences in the structure of the dusty torus.
Modified Path-conservative HLLEM Scheme for Magnetohydrodynamic Solar Wind Simulations
Authors: Li Caixia , Feng Xueshang , Li Huichao , Wei Fengsi
Published: March 2021

The goal of the present work is to solve the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system of extended generalized Lagrange multiplier (EGLM) formulation with Galilean invariance (G-EGLM MHD equations) through a modified path-conservative HLLEM finite-volume method. A second-order least-squares reconstruction with Venkatakrishnan limiter is employed for state variables, and a solenoidality-preserving condition is considered for the magnetic field with the purpose of magnetic divergence cleaning. The two-stage Runge–Kutta time-integration method is utilized to advance the MHD governing equations. Compared with the original path-conservative HLLEM method, the modified method in this paper is shock stable and is able to adjust the diffusion according to the smoothness of the physical flow so as to automatically apply more diffusion near strong shocks and less in smooth regions near rarefaction waves and at contact discontinuities. Meanwhile, it can be robustly defined in the low plasma-β region. After several tests of smooth Alfvén wave, strong Lax, odd–even perturbation, and blast-wave problems, the large-scale structures of the solar corona for Carrington Rotation 2185 are numerically modeled in a six-component grid system of spherical coordinates with input from a Carrington rotation synoptic map provided by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. Numerical results show the model’s capability of producing a structured solar wind in agreement with the observations.
Data-driven Spectroscopic Estimates of Absolute Magnitude, Distance, and Binarity: Method and Catalog of 16,002 O- and B-type Stars from LAMOST
Authors: Xiang Maosheng , Rix Hans-Walter , Ting Yuan-Sen , Zari Eleonora , El-Badry Kareem , Yuan Hai-Bo , Cui Wen-Yuan
Published: March 2021

We present a data-driven method to estimate absolute magnitudes for O- and B-type stars from the LAMOST spectra, which we combine with Gaia DR2 parallaxes to infer distance and binarity. The method applies a neural network model trained on stars with precise Gaia parallax to the spectra and predicts K
s-band absolute magnitudes

with a precision of 0.25 mag, which corresponds to a precision of 12% in spectroscopic distance. For distant stars (e.g., >5 kpc), the inclusion of constraints from spectroscopic

significantly improves the distance estimates compared to inferences from Gaia parallax alone. Our method accommodates for emission-line stars by first identifying them via principal component analysis reconstructions and then treating them separately for the

estimation. We also take into account unresolved binary/multiple stars, which we identify through deviations in the spectroscopic

from the geometric

inferred from Gaia parallax. This method of binary identification is particularly efficient for unresolved binaries with near equal-mass components and thus provides a useful supplementary way to identify unresolved binary or multiple-star systems. We present a catalog of spectroscopic

, extinction, distance, flags for emission lines, and binary classification for 16,002 OB stars from LAMOST DR5. As an illustration, we investigate the

of the enigmatic LB-1 system, which Liu et al. had argued consists of a B star and a massive stellar-mass black hole. Our results suggest that LB-1 is a binary system that contains two luminous stars with comparable brightness, and the result is further supported by parallax from the Gaia eDR3.
Chromospheric Activity of M Stars Based on LAMOST Low- and Medium-resolution Spectral Surveys
Authors: Zhang Li-yun , Meng Gang , Long Liu , Shi Jianrong , Zhong Ming , Han Xianming L. , Misra Prabhakar , Wang Haifeng
Published: March 2021

We have used the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) low-resolution and medium-resolution spectroscopic surveys to explore the chromospheric statistical properties and variations of M stars. There are 738,477 LAMOST low-resolution spectra of 622,523 M stars. We have calculated equivalent widths of the Ca ii H&K, Hα, Hβ, Hγ, Hδ, He i D3, and Ca ii infrared triplet lines. Based on the Hα EWs, we found that 33,374 objects showed Hα emissions. We revised the relationship between the active fraction and spectral subtype, and confirmed that the active fractions increased from M0 to M3, and possibly declined from M4 to subsequent types. Among 86,005 objects with repeated spectra, 19,422 objects showed Hα variations. The variation fraction of stars with M4 and subsequent types with a fully convective envelope was higher than those of M0–M3 with a partially convective envelope. By combining the distances from Gaia, we have determined the positions of the M dwarfs in the catalog for M stars. The active fraction decreased rapidly in the height range of 0–400 pc above and below the Galactic plane, and maintained a steady trend in 400–1000 pc. We cross-matched the M catalog of the LAMOST low-resolution survey with LAMOST medium-resolution spectra. We obtained 272,181 spectra of 13,355 M objects and calculated the Hα EWs. Among them, 3813 stars show variations, which might be caused by chromospheric activity evolution with orbital phase or time. The Hα emission for 972 objects shows variations over short and long timescales, especially on short timescales of 20 minutes.