bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nominal Unification and Matching of Higher Order Expressions with Recursive Let
Authors: Schmidt-Schauß Manfred , Kutsia Temur , Levy Jordi , Villaret Mateu , Kutz Yunus
Published: May 2022

A sound and complete algorithm for nominal unification of higher-order expressions with a recursive let is described, and shown to run in nondeterministic polynomial time. We also explore specializations like nominal letrec-matching for expressions, for DAGs, and for garbage-free expressions and determine their complexity. We also provide a nominal unification algorithm for higher-order expressions with recursive let and atom-variables, where we show that it also runs in nondeterministic polynomial time. In addition we prove that there is a guessing strategy for nominal unification with letrec and atom-variable that is a trade-off between exponential growth and non-determinism. Nominal matching with variables representing partial letrec-environments is also shown to be in NP.
Sleep Disturbances, Changes in Sleep, and Cognitive Function in Low-Income African Americans
Authors: Troxel Wendy M. , Haas Ann , Dubowitz Tamara , Ghosh-Dastidar Bonnie , Butters Meryl A. , Gary-Webb Tiffany L. , Weinstein Andrea M. , Rosso Andrea L.
Published: May 2022

Background: Sleep problems may contribute to the disproportionate burden of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) among African Americans (AAs). Objective: To examine the role of sleep problems in contributing to cognitive function and clinically adjudicated cognitive impairment in a predominantly AA sample. Methods: This study (n = 216, 78.8% female; mean age = 67.7 years) examined associations between 1) the level (i.e., measured in 2018) and 2) change over time (from 2013 to 2018; n = 168) in actigraphy-assessed sleep with domain-specific cognitive function and clinically adjudicated cognitive impairment (2018) in a community-dwelling, predominantly AA (96.9%) sample. A comprehensive cognitive battery assessed global cognitive function (3MS) and domain-specific cognitive function (attention, visuo-spatial ability, language, delayed recall, immediate recall, and executive function) in 2018. Sleep was measured in 2013 and 2018 via actigraphy. Results: Higher sleep efficiency and less wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO; measured in 2018) were associated with greater attention, executive function, and visuospatial ability. Increases in sleep efficiency between 2013 and 2018 were associated with better executive function, language, immediate recall, and visuospatial ability, whereas increases in WASO (2013–2018) were associated with poorer attention, executive function, and visuospatial ability. Level or change in sleep duration were not associated with domain-specific cognitive function, nor were any sleep measures associated with clinically adjudicated cognitive impairment. Conclusion: In a predominantly AA sample of older adults, both the level and change (i.e., worsening) of sleep efficiency and WASO were associated with poorer cognitive function. Improving sleep health may support ADRD prevention and reduce health disparities.
A Cobalt-Containing Compound as a Stronger Inhibitor than Galantamine to Inhibit Acetylcholinesterase Activity: A New Drug Candidate for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
Authors: Kalari Mohadeseh , Abbasi Zeinab , Shasaltaneh Marzieh Dehghan , Khaleghian Ali , Moosavi-Nejad Zahra
Published: May 2022

Background: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) regulates the transmission of neural messages by hydrolyzing acetylcholine in synaptic spaces. Objective: The effects of many AChE inhibitors have been evaluated in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, but the present study examined a synthetic complex containing cobalt (SC) for the first time in the field of enzyme activity to evaluate enzyme inhibitory function. Methods: Ellman’s test was applied. AChE function was assessed in the presence of SC through docking and molecular dynamics analyses. The second structure of AChE was studied through circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Results: Several enzymatic methods were utilized for the kinetics of AChE, which indicated the non-Michaelis and positive homotropic behavior of AChE in the absence of inhibitors (Hill coefficient = 1.33). However, the existence of inhibitors did not eliminate this homotropic state, and even AChE had a more sigmoidal shape than the galantamine at the presence of SC. Based on the CD spectroscopy results, AChE structure changed in the existence of inhibitors and substrates. Bioinformatics analysis revealed SC bonding to the channel of active site AChE. The number of hydrogen bonds was such that the flexibility of the enzyme protein structure due to inhibitor binding reduced AChE function. Conclusion: The results reflected that AChE exhibited a non-Michaelis and positive homotropic behavior, leading to a more inhibitory effect on the SC than the galantamine. The positive homotropic behavior of AChE was intensified due to the alteration in AChE protein structure by binding SC to hydrophobic region in the active site pathway and impressing Trp84.
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Amyloid-β Deposition: The ARIC-PET Study
Authors: Wang Wendy , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Meyer Michelle L. , Hughes Timothy M. , Sullivan Kevin J. , Wong Dean F. , Lakshminarayan Kamakshi , Lutsey Pamela L.
Published: May 2022

We assessed whether carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is prospectively associated with amyloid-β (Aβ). 332 nondemented Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participants with carotid ultrasounds (1990–1992) and PET scans (2012–2014) were studied. Participants in the highest (versus lowest) cIMT tertile had 2.17 times the odds of elevated Aβ (95% CI: 1.15–4.11), after demographic and APOE ɛ4 adjustments. An interaction with APOE ɛ4 was observed (p = 0.02). Greater cIMT was associated with elevated Aβ independent of vascular risk factors among those with ≥1 APOE ɛ4 allele, but not in noncarriers. In this cohort, higher cIMT was associated with Aβ deposition 22 years later, particularly among APOE ɛ4 carriers.
Ensemble learning for monitoring process in electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Kłosowski Grzegorz , Rymarczyk Tomasz
Published: May 2022

This paper refers to a new resilient cyber-physical machine learning-based system that enables the generation of high-resolution tomographic images. The research object was a model of a tank filled with tap water. Using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) with 16 electrodes, the possibility of identifying inclusions inside the reservoir was investigated. A two-stage hybrid approach was proposed. In the first stage, three independent models were trained for the Elastic Net, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods. In the second stage, a k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) classification model was trained, that optimizes tomographic reconstructions by selecting the best method for each pixel, taking into account the specificity of a given measurement vector. Research has shown that applying the new concept results in a higher reconstruction quality than other methods used singly. It should be emphasized that our research is not intended to develop a new homogenous machine learning method. Instead, the goal is to invent an innovative, original, and flexible way to simultaneously use multiple machine learning methods for image optimization in industrial electrical impedance tomography.
Optimal solution of PM synchronous motor obtained by gravitational search algorithm
Authors: Cvetkovski Goga , Petkovska Lidija
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a novel approach to the efficiency improvement of permanent magnet synchronous motor using gravitational search algorithm as an optimization tool. The gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is a recently developed meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, which so far has proven to be quite suitable for solving power engineering optimization problems. The aim of this research work is to implement this novel optimization algorithm for the efficiency improvement of permanent magnet synchronous motor, where the objective function in the optimization process is the efficiency of the investigated motor. Comparative analysis of the initial and a number of optimized solutions of the motor model is performed.
Evaluation of magnetic properties of two kinds of permendurs by vector magnetic measurement
Authors: Kurosawa Yuji , Enomoto Yuji , Soda Naoya
Published: May 2022

Vector magnetic properties of various electrical steel sheets have been investigated by using a vector magnetic property measurement apparatus to select a magnetic material suitable as a motor core material. However, a magnetic material with a higher saturation magnetization than an electrical steel sheet is useful for increasing torque of a motor. Therefore, a permendur with higher saturation magnetization than an electrical steel sheet is selected as a measurement sample. It is known that a permendur does not have magnetic anisotropy. In this paper, vector magnetic properties of two kinds of permendurs made by VACUUMSCHMELZE (VAC) and Hitachi Metals are measured. Moreover, maximum magnetic field intensities and core losses of two kinds of permendurs to an inclination angle of magnetic flux density vector locus from rolling direction are evaluated for investigation of those magnetic anisotropies. As a result, differences of vector magnetic properties of two kinds of permendurs are revealed.
Study of magnetic force excitations in salient pole synchronous generators considering geometrical modifications by conformal mapping
Authors: Jansen Kevin , Kern Alexander , Mülder Christoph , Hameyer Kay
Published: May 2022

The simulation of electrical machines at the first design stage requires efficient methods to characterize among other properties its vibrational behavior. Particularly when considering both designed and parasitic geometrical modifications, magnetic circuit calculations of large-dimensioned machines by finite-element methods (FEM) are cumbersome. Semi-analytical approaches by means of conformal mapping are therefore useful to estimate the impact of several effects, such as asymmetric stator laminations, rotor pole shapes and air gap imperfections. No-load operation is studied and the presented approach is validated by FEM simulations. The aim of this work is to study force excitations by the magnetic air gap field in salient multi-pole synchronous generators deviating from ideal and symmetrical geometrical conditions by using conformal maps.
Analysis of the grain oriented electrical steel heterogeneities and their influence on the Epstein frame loss measurements
Authors: Corin Ronan , Lecointe Jean-Philippe , Demian Cristian , Blaszkowski Jonathan
Published: May 2022

The Epstein frame is a well-known standardized system used to characterize soft magnetic materials. The users of this device usually consider that all the strips of a same grade placed in the frame are homogeneous, and they do not take into account the potential impact of the heterogeneity of the sheets on the quality of the characteristics deduced from the measurements. The aim of this paper is to quantify the individual heterogeneity of Epstein samples of the same FeSi grade (BH curve, losses, permeability), and to analyze, by both experimental and numerical ways, if the layout of the sheets can impact the Epstein core losses.
A traffic flow forecasting method based on the GA-SVR
Authors: Zhan Aiyun , Du Fei , Chen Zhaozheng , Yin Guanxiang , Wang Meng , Zhang Yuejin
Published: May 2022

This paper uses support vector regression (SVR) to predict short-term traffic flow, and studies the feasibility of SVR in short-term traffic flow prediction. The short-time traffic flow has many influencing factors, which are characterized by nonlinearity, randomness and periodicity. Therefore, SVR algorithm has advantages in dealing with such problems. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the SVR, this paper uses genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the SVR and other parameters to obtain the global optimal solution. The optimal parameters are used to construct the SVR prediction model. This paper selects the traffic flow data of the Jiangxi Provincial Transportation Department database to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model.
The proSAAS Chaperone Provides Neuroprotection and Attenuates Transsynaptic α-Synuclein Spread in Rodent Models of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lindberg Iris , Shu Zhan , Lam Hoa , Helwig Michael , Yucer Nur , Laperle Alexander , Svendsen Clive N. , Di Monte Donato A. , Maidment Nigel T.
Published: May 2022

Background: Parkinson’s disease involves aberrant aggregation of the synaptic protein alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in the nigrostriatal tract. We have previously shown that proSAAS, a small neuronal chaperone, blocks aSyn-induced dopaminergic cytotoxicity in primary nigral cultures. Objective: To determine if proSAAS overexpression is neuroprotective in animal models of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: proSAAS- or GFP-encoding lentivirus was injected together with human aSyn-expressing AAV unilaterally into the substantia nigra of rats and motor asymmetry assessed using a battery of motor performance tests. Dopamine neuron survival was assessed by nigral stereology and striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) densitometry. To examine transsynaptic spread of aSyn, aSyn AAV was injected into the vagus of mice in the presence of AAVs encoding either GFP or proSAAS; the spread of aSyn-positive neurites into rostral nuclei was quantified following immunohistochemistry. Results: Coinjection of proSAAS-encoding lentivirus profoundly reduced the motor asymmetry caused by unilateral nigral AAV-mediated human aSyn overexpression. This was accompanied by significant amelioration of the human aSyn-induced loss of both nigral TH-positive cells and striatal TH-positive terminals, demonstrating clear proSAAS-mediated protection of the nigrostriatal tract. ProSAAS overexpression reduced human aSyn protein levels in nigra and striatum and reduced the loss of TH protein in both regions. Following vagal administration of human aSyn-encoding AAV, the number of human aSyn-positive neurites in the pons and caudal midbrain was considerably reduced in mice coinjected with proSAAS-, but not GFP-encoding AAV, supporting proSAAS-mediated blockade of transsynaptic aSyn transmission. Conclusion: The proSAAS chaperone may represent a promising target for therapeutic development in Parkinson’s disease.
Early Parkinson’s Disease Phenotypes Tailored by Personality, Behavior, and Motor Symptoms
Authors: Meira Bruna ,   for the Honeymoon study group, Lhommée Eugénie , Schmitt Emmanuelle , Klinger Hélène , Bichon Amélie , Pélissier Pierre , Anheim Mathieu , Tranchant Christine , Fraix Valérie , Meoni Sara , Durif Franck , Houeto Jean-Luc , Azulay Jean Philippe , Moro Elena , Thobois Stéphane , Krack Paul , Castrioto Anna
Published: May 2022

Background: Previous studies described a parkinsonian personality characterized as rigid, introverted, and cautious; however, little is known about personality traits in de novo Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and their relationships with motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Objective: To investigate personality in de novo PD and explore its relationship with PD symptoms. Methods: Using Cloninger’s biosocial model, we assessed personality in 193 de novo PD patients. Motor and non-motor symptoms were measured using several validated scales. Cluster analysis was conducted to investigate the interrelationship of personality traits, motor, and non-motor symptoms. Results: PD patients showed low novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, and normal reward dependence and persistence scores. Harm avoidance was positively correlated with the severity of depression, anxiety, and apathy (rs = [0.435, 0.676], p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with quality of life (rs = –0.492, p < 0.001). Novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence were negatively correlated with apathy (rs = [–0.274, –0.375], p < 0.001). Classification of patients according to personality and PD symptoms revealed 3 distinct clusters: i) neuropsychiatric phenotype (with high harm avoidance and low novelty seeking, hypodopaminergic neuropsychiatric symptoms and higher impulsivity), ii) motor phenotype (with low novelty seeking and higher motor severity), iii) benign phenotype (with low harm avoidance and high novelty seeking, reward dependence, and persistence traits clustered with lower symptoms severity and low impulsivity). Conclusion: Personality in early PD patients allows us to recognize 3 patients’ phenotypes. Identification of such subgroups may help to better understand their natural history. Their longitudinal follow-up will allow confirming whether some personality features might influence disease evolution and treatment.
Effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation therapy in patients with idiopathic Cerebellar Ataxia with Bilateral Vestibulopathy (iCABV)
Authors: Hassannia Fatemeh , Misale Priyanka , Sulway Shaleen , Olmos Gabriela Vergara , Dabiri Sasan , Ranalli Paul , Rutka John Alexander
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefit of vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) in the management of patients with idiopathic cerebellar ataxia with bilateral vestibulopathy (iCABV). BACKGROUND: iCABV is a hindbrain degenerative disorder with impairment of both central and peripheral vestibular pathways. There is combined failure of four compensatory eye movement systems including the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), optokinetic reflex, smooth pursuit and the visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR). Phenotypic presentation includes postural and gait instability, oscillopsia and dizziness with active head movement. The benefit of VRT in iCABV patients has not been established. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on a cohort of twelve patients diagnosed with iCABV in a multidisciplinary neuro-otology clinic. All participated in VRT and completed their suggested course of VRT. The following clinical measures were assessed before starting and after finishing VRT: 1) Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), 2) Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, 3) Catastrophization scale, 4) Positive Affective Negative Affective Score (PANAS), 5) Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and 6) Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance (mCTSIB). The number of falls historically was recorded in addition to gait speed (ft./sec). RESULTS: Following VRT, patients were found to have improved balance on mCTSIB (condition 4 : 7 vs 18 seconds, P = 0.04) and a better postural stability with a reduced number of falls (p = 0.01). No statistically significant improvement was seen in the DHI, ABC, Catastrophization scale, DGI, PANAS and gait speed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: iCABV patients who underwent VRT were found to have a better postural stability and reduced risk of falls. VRT was not found to significantly improve patients’ overall subjective perception of their symptoms or their psychological status.
Healthcare supply chain risk management in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: What is the current situation?
Authors: Senna Pedro , Reis Augusto da Cunha , Leão Santos Igor , Dias Ana Claudia
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Public hospital managers in Rio de Janeiro must deal with severe budget costs, which is the only source of income of public hospitals. In this sense, systematic supply chain risk management can contribute to identifying such risks, assessing their severity, and developing mitigating plans, or even revealing the lack of such plans. Private hospital networks must also map their risks since they are facing a diminishing of demand given that unemployment in Brazil, which is growing in the past years, generates an impossibility of affording private healthcare. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how supply chain risk management is being applied in healthcare supply chains from Rio de Janeiro – Brazil. This study considers supply chains located in the state of Rio de Janeiro. To accomplish this objective, we provide answers to two Research Questions: RQ1 - Is SCRM known as a concept among Rio de Janeiro healthcare supply chains? RQ2 - How are risk identification, risk assessment, and risk mitigation being implemented by companies from the healthcare supply chains in Rio de Janeiro – Brazil? METHOD: Our research design is based on four steps: i) Research design; ii) Case selection: iii) Data collection (11 cases selected); iv) Data analysis. RESULTS: The interviews revealed that SCRM is an entirely unknown concept among healthcare supply chains from Rio de Janeiro – Brazil. Managers have empirical knowledge of the risks, and they can identify the most hazardous risks and can come up with solutions to mitigate them, nevertheless, in many situations they do not have the authority or the manpower to implement the solutions, at most, managers implement local risk mitigation initiatives that do not consider the supply chains broader context. CONCLUSION: The healthcare organizations studied by this paper do not apply SCRM. They only apply local isolated solutions not considering a supply chain scope. This can become hazardous since isolated risk mitigation initiatives are often innocuous and have the potential to generate other risks.
Improvements in musculoskeletal symptoms, mental workload and mental fatigue: Effects of a multicomponent ergonomic intervention among call center workers
Authors: Sharifi Ali Seyed , Danesh Mojtaba Khosravi , Gholamnia Reza
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Call center workers are highly susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) as well as mental stress. Nonetheless, there has been a surprising paucity in the body of the research regarding interventions among call center workers. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of a multicomponent ergonomic intervention program on mental workload, mental fatigue and WRMSDs of call center employees. METHOD: A non-randomized interventional study with a single group pretest-posttest design was conducted among 84 call center workers of a private telecommunication company in the city of Tehran, Iran. At the baseline, data regarding WRMSDs prevalence, mental workload and mental fatigue were collected by means of standard Nordic, NASA-TLX and SOFI questionnaires, respectively. Then, subjects participated in a multifaceted intervention program including comprehensive office ergonomic training, work layout improvement, supervised on-site face to face visits, and provision of quality break time encompassing regular exercise program. Follow-up assessment was carried out after 6 months. RESULTS: After the intervention, prevalence of WMSDs in the neck (10%, P = 0.022), lower back (8.4%, P = 0.04), and knees (9.5%, P = 0.02) decreased significantly, while improvements in other body areas remained insignificant. Results also showed a significant decrease in overall score of mental demand (P = 0.000) as well as three of its subscales including performance (P = 0.02), effort (P = 0.001), and frustration (P = 0.025). Additionally, positive effect of the intervention was also observable on overall mental fatigue of call center workers (P = 0.016). As for its subscales, Lack of energy was reported to decrease meaningfully (P = 0.007) while lack of motivation did not change significantly (P = 0.240). CONCLUSION: Although the primary focus of many ergonomic interventions has remained to measure physical outcomes of the work place, our findings show that multicomponent interventions are indeed capable of boosting cognitive aspects of the work as well. The future studies should consider investigating such outcomes.
Understanding the role and importance of occupational therapy in mental health services in Morocco: Perspectives from mental health professionals
Authors: Zango-Martín Inmaculada , Nafai Said , El Ouazzani Sophia , Derkaoui Jamal , Stevens-Nafai Elizabeth , Codern-Bové Nuria
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND: Across the global landscape, mental health care still exhibits challenges because of the lack of human and professional resources to face its consequences. In Morocco, mental health problems affect mainly adolescents and young adults, with a clear impact on functional engagement in their daily lives. Occupational therapy, as a holistic and person-centered practice, may be an ideal mental health strategy to promote health and well-being through occupation, thereby enabling individuals to participate in regular daily activities. OBJECTIVE: To understand, from an intercultural perspective, the point of view of mental health professionals regarding the role and importance of occupation-based practices in Errazi Mental Health Hospital in Salé(Rabat) Morocco. METHOD: A qualitative research design was used for this study. Data collection consisted of semi-structured interviews with 12 mental health care professionals (non-occupational therapists). These results were used to gain an understanding of their perspectives regarding the main role of human occupation in mental health services in Morocco, and to incorporate an intercultural outlook in terms of occupational therapy. Data analysis was conducted in three phases, by following the grounded theory methodology. RESULTS: Two categories, “dimensions of occupation in Moroccan mental health” and “the interplay between traditional and western perspectives involving mental health” emerged from this research. Both categories included five subcategories. CONCLUSION: This study identifies how occupation-based services in Moroccan mental health care require considering not only the cultural perspective of mental health, and the sociocultural meaning rooted in occupations, but also the relevance of incorporating a community-centered approach. Moreover, it discusses how occupational therapy education in Morocco must incorporate an intercultural perspective of the therapy’s theory and practice.
A Mini-Review On MXene Based Textiles For Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Application
Authors: Nair Anandu M , Zachariah Suji Mary , Thomas Sabu
Published: May 2022

The proliferation of smart, compact, and highly integrated electronics resulted in new pollution termed electromagnetic interference (EMI). Therefore, flexible and lightweight shielding materials are considered important for controlling the catastrophic effects of electromagnetic waves. In this regard, MXene-based textiles (M-textiles) have been proved to be efficient for shielding applications owing to their conductivity, mechanical flexibility, easy coating capability, etc, whose applications range from everyday clothes to aerospace, from protective to automotive, and so on. This paper engirds from the basic theory of EMI shielding to the latest research in M-textiles covering in detail the synthesis protocol and mechanisms. Based on these developments, this review aims to impart certain valuable insights, multifunctional applications, and advancements in M-textiles in this field.
ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРИЧИН ПЕРЕРИВАННЯ АРВ-ТЕРАПІЇ ПІДЛІТКАМИ
Authors: СПІРІНА Тетяна , УМАНСЬКА Ксенія
Published: May 2022

На сьогодні наша країна посідає одне з перших місць серед країн європейського регіону за кількістю ВІЛ-позитивних осіб, що призводить до негативного впливу на соціальне та економічне життя суспільства: знижує середню тривалість життя, загострює проблеми бідності та соціальної нерівності. Підлітки визнані в Україні групою ризику щодо інфікування ВІЛ та визначаються ВООЗ як підлітки, які споживають ін’єкційні наркотики з використанням нестерильного ін’єкційного інструментарію; хлопці та дівчата, які практикують незахищені статеві контакти внаслідок сексуальної експлуатації, мають незахищений, навіть примусовий секс за винагороду. У статті автори наголошують, що антиретровірусна терапія, не знищує вірус, проте зупиняє розмноження ВІЛ, відновлює функції імунної системи, дозволяє продовжити і покращити якість життя. Також, у статті наголошено, що АРВ-терапія потребує чіткої самодисципліни та особистої відповідальності кожного підлітка, оскільки означає пожиттєвий прийом ліків, до яких має сформуватися прихильність аби лікування було ефективним. Пропуск або затримка прийому ліків може призвести до прогресування хвороби, передачі вірусу іншим людям, поганого самопочуття, розвитку важких захворювань і навіть смерті. Причин припинення, відмови або ж переривання АРВ-терапії підлітками, які живуть з ВІЛ, може бути безліч: наприклад, внутрішні/особисті причини (страхи, недостатня обізнаність щодо хвороби, терапії та наслідків переривання, негативні приклади близьких, побічні реакції організму від вживання ліків; несерйозне ставлення до лікування; неготовність до пожиттєвого прийому терапії, самостигматизація, недовіра до лікарів та фахівців соціальної сфери) та зовнішні, які не залежать від підлітків (стигматизоване суспільство, географічна незручність місця, де можна отримати АРВ-препарати, відсутність конфіденційного місця для консультацій із фахівцями).
АНАЛІЗ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ УМОВ ФОРМУВАННЯ ГОТОВНОСТІ ДО ПРЕВЕНТИВНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ
Authors: СУРГОВА Світлана , ФАЙЧУК Олена
Published: May 2022

Формування готовності до превентивної діяльності майбутніх соціальних працівників, актуально в умовах інтеграції системи вищої освіти України в європейський простір. Превентивний підхід розвивається в цілісній моделі з передовим надбанням європейського та вітчизняного досвіду – як єдиній моделі захисту прав людини на здоров’я і соціальний розвиток. На основі праксеологічного, особистісного і діяльнісного підходів, а також взаємозв’язку і взаємозалежності теоретичної та практичної підготовки майбутніх соціальних працівників були розроблені педагогічні умови для ефективного формування готовності до превентивної діяльності майбутніх соціальних працівників. Метою статті є аналіз ефективності педагогічних умов, що забезпечують формування готовності до превентивної діяльності майбутніх соціальних працівників. Завдання цієї статті – вивчити рівні готовності до превентивної діяльності майбутніх соціальних працівників до та після впровадження педагогічних умов та проаналізувати їх ефективність за допомогою відповідних методів. Відповідно до окреслених завдань були обрані та використані такі методи: педагогічне спостереження, зіставлення, узагальнення, бесіда, анкетування, опитування; шкалування; методика «Ціннісні орієнтації» (М. Рокич), «Емоційна стабільність» (Г. Айзенк), «Спрямованість особистості» (Є. Рогов), «Здатність до емпатії» (І. Юсупов), методикиа В. Бобрової і Н. Кузьмина (в основу якої покладено принцип матричної обробки результатів і шкала Лайкерта – визначення коефіцієнта готовності до діяльності). Завдяки системному підходу до експериментальної частини дослідження було встановлено, що рівень сформованості готовності до превентивної діяльності майбутніх соціальних працівників покращився: питома частка студентів з низьким рівнем значно зменшилась, а з високим – зросла. Ефективність запропонованих педагогічних умов підтверджена за допомогою статистичних методів.
СТАТИСТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ НАСЕЛЕННЯ У ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАДАХ
Authors: КОЛОСОК Андрій
Published: May 2022

Метою статті є аналіз соціального захисту населення в умовах територіальної громади та розробка рекомендацій щодо підвищення його ефективності на місцевому рівні. У статті досліджено практичні аспекти соціального захисту населення у новостворених територіальних громадах. Проаналізовано доходи загального фонду місцевих бюджетів, виявлену позитивну тенденцію до збільшення фінансового ресурсу сільських територіальних громад, що позитивно впливає на їх здатність забезпечувати необхідний рівень соціального захисту населення. Детально розглянуто сільські Боратинську, Зимнівську, Колодяжненську та Луцьку міську територіальні громади Волинської області. На їх прикладі, досліджено особливості фінансування соціальної сфери та надання соціальних послуг у сільській та міській територіальних громадах. Сформовано висновок, що децентралізація позитивно вплинула на соціальний захист населення, оскільки місцева влада краще розуміє наявні проблеми та раціональніше витрачає кошти на їх вирішення. Відмічено, що в соціальній сфері залишилась велика кількість досі не вирішених проблем. Розроблено пріоритетні напрямки покращення ефективності соціального захисту населення у територіальних громадах: впровадження Єдиної інформаційної системи соціальної сфери; фінансування системи соціальних послуг на паритетних засадах; профілактика виникнення складних життєвих обставин; формування додаткових джерел доходів у місцеві бюджети для фінансування соціально важливих видатків; вдосконалення нормативно-правової бази соціальної сфери; покращення матеріально-технічного забезпечення фахівців з соціальної роботи; розмежування функцій між структурними підрозділами соціальної сфери, усунення дублювань та протиріч; організація постійного навчання, стажування та підвищення кваліфікації фахівців з соціального захисту. Перспективи подальших досліджень вбачаються в аналізі результатів діяльності місцевих органів соціального захисту населення та пошуку шляхів підвищення ефективності їх функціонування.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ТА ВІТЧИЗНЯНИЙ ДОСВІД
Authors: КУЗЬМІНА Марія
Published: May 2022

У статті висвітлено сутність понять «компетентний», «професійна компетентність». Зауважено, що фахівець із соціальної роботи повинен поєднувати у собі як професійні компетентності, так і особистісні. Наведено відмінні риси формування професійних (фахових) компетентностей від загальних: відбувається за допомогою лише дисциплін професійного циклу; обов’язкове проходження навчальної та виробничої практики. Встановлено, що у визначеннях щодо поняття професійної компетентності вітчизняні та зарубіжні вчені вказують на її складові. Їх думки щодо складових структури професійної компетентності переважно збігаються. Розглянуто структуру особистісного розвитку соціального працівника. Узагальнення думок вчених дозволило розглянути професійну компетентність соціального працівника у таких аспектах: актуальне, діяльнісне психічне новоутворення особистості; особистісно-професійна характеристика; професійні здібності спеціаліста; результат освіченості спеціаліста. Враховуючи аналіз зарубіжної та вітчизняної літератури розроблено теоретичну модель формування професійної компетентності соціального працівника, що складається з наступних компонентів: цільового, мотиваційного, функціонального, змістовного, діяльнісного та результативно-корекційного. Синтезувавши результати дослідження, встановлено недоліки підготовки майбутніх соціальних працівників у контексті досліджуваної проблеми (проблема проектування освітнього маршруту з урахуванням пропозицій роботодавців та самих студентів; проблема професійної підготовки викладачів до організації освітнього процесу в рамках компетентнісного підходу; проблема переважання частки теоретичних знань над практичними вміннями; проблема організації змістовної практики студентів у різних установах соціальної сфери; недостатнього рівня сформованості соціально-проектних компетентностей).
Thermo-mechanical characterization of carbon-based ceramic foams for high temperature space application
Authors: Albano Marta , Nenarokomov Aleksey V. , Pastore Roberto , Budnik Sergey A. , Delfini Andrea , Alifanov Oleg M. , Marchetti Mario , Morzhukhina Alena V. , Titov Dmitry M. , Santoni Fabio , Piergentili Fabrizio , Netelev Andrey V.
Published: May 2022

The successful development of aerospace reusable launch vehicles (RLV) require to realize effective thermal protection systems (TPS) for preserving spacecraft integrity from the severe thermal loads during re-entry phase. To such an aim, due to the need of reducing payload transportation costs, applied research is driven towards lightweight materials with advanced thermo-mechanical properties. Space TPS are often based on sandwich structures, where the core material has the main function of thermal insulation. Ceramic porous materials, as carbon (C) and silicon carbide (SiC) foams, represent ideal candidates for application as structural TPS component, thanks to both low density and significant thermal stability at very high temperatures. The paper presents a joint experimental study of carbon-based ceramic foams proposed as sandwich’s core for TPS design. A full thermal characterization of commercial C- and SiC-foam materials is reported, including measurements of thermo-mechanical combined stress, temperature-induced outgassing behavior and heat transfer properties. These latter, in particular, are studied by means of a robust numerical technique, known as the inverse method, which allows to evaluate materials thermal conductivity and heat capacity over a wide range of temperatures, thus establishing the required material behavior for potential use in spacecraft TPS.
TikTok as a Platform for Marketing Campaigns: The effect of Brand Awareness and Brand Recall on the Purchase Intentions of Millennials
Authors: Gesmundo Mary Aubrey G. , Jordan Melvin Dave S. , Meridor Wee Hansei D. , Muyot Dainielle Vien , Castano Mary Caroline N. , Bandojo Agnes Jocelyn P.
Published: May 2022

Modern individuals create social networks to connect. A digital social landscape now exists within the society that enables interactions while providing convenience and efficiency. A social media platform called TikTok consists of comprehensive and diverse videos that empower users to upload and watch content as they desire. The researchers highly considered this feature which led them to explore the deliverance of marketing campaigns created on TikTok. In a more profound sense, since countless brands are scrutinizing TikTok to gather their consumers, the purpose and objectives of this study determined the effect of brand awareness and brand recall on the purchase intention of millennials. This study incorporated the Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action (AIDA) Model and Selective Exposure Theory (SET) to serve as the foundation of the analysis. The study employed descriptive causal analysis. The study surveyed a group of millennials, ranging from 25 to 40 years old, who currently reside in the Philippines' National Capital Region (NCR). The researchers distributed the survey through Google forms and then utilized frequency and percentage distribution, mean and standard deviation, and PLS-SEM to analyze the results. This study determined that marketing campaigns can largely input brand awareness among millennials compared to enhancing their brand recall. Furthermore, marketing campaigns trigger their purchase intention. This study is deemed a resource to business owners, marketing students and professionals, and academic institutions that hope to generate further information on the existence of TikTok and its marketing advantage.
Religar investigación y docencia: una estrategia de práctica educativa
Authors: Marín Uribe Rigoberto
Published: May 2022

Se comparten resultados de una experiencia que religa investigación y docencia en la construcción y aplicación de una estrategia de práctica educativa fundamentada en el pensamiento complejo y la transdisciplinariedad. La estrategia general de investigación se conforma por cuatro acercamientos: problémico, teórico, metódico y estratégico-pedagógico; estas aproximaciones organizan y conforman los resultados. El contexto planetario actual precisa reflexionar la realidad desde principios de complejidad y de transdisciplinariedad que permitan construir estrategias para enfrentar los problemas educativos complejos. Se considera que la difusión de lo teórico-conceptual sobre complejidad y transdisciplinariedad ha sido abundante para impulsar una reforma del pensamiento para el cambio educativo, pero no suficiente para que los profesores puedan realizarlo en su práctica educativa. En la ruta metodológica se construyó una estrategia de religación del bucle docencia-investigación. Se trabajó con un caso-estrategia, cuyos resultados se concatenaron en un proceso de investigación-acción-formación. Se concluye que la experiencia aporta a la religación, entendimiento, mejora y ecologización de prácticas educativas y de investigación desde el pensamiento complejo y transdisciplinar.
Las tecnologías de la información: su repercusión en el cuidado del medio ambiente
Authors: Núñez Moreno María Soledad , Martínez Chérrez Whymper Eduardo
Published: May 2022

Introducción. Las TIC traen significativos beneficios al medio ambiente, no obstante, tienen una huella ambiental, causando un impacto sobre el entorno, que debe tenerse en cuenta. Objetivo.  Establecer los criterios referentes a las TIC y su repercusión en el cuidado del medio ambiente, así como los beneficios y afectaciones que generan su uso. Metodología. En el estudio se utilizó una metodología descriptiva, no experimental. Basada en la revisión de la literatura y en métodos teóricos, los cuales permitieron establecer los criterios de búsquedas relacionados con el tema Resultados. 1. Estudios precedentes evidencian que se sobreestima la percepción que se tiene de las TIC como herramientas limpias, cuando realmente también causan un impacto sobre el entorno. 2. El uso de las TIC aporta beneficios al medio ambiente y a la sociedad, constituyendo herramientas fundamentales para la observación meteorológica y la predicción del cambio climático global. 3. Actualmente es perentorio ser consciente respecto al verdadero impacto que producen las TIC al medio ambiente, derivado de la extracción de minerales para sus componentes, así como un desproporcionado aumento de residuos tecnológicos que generan. 4. Se hace necesario la implementación y cumplimiento de políticas y medidas orientadas a la reducción del impacto ambiental que genera la utilización de las TIC, de conjunto con su concientización partiendo de la educación básica escolar hasta todos los niveles educativos. Conclusiones. Mediante la revisión sistemática realizada a la literatura, se evidenciaron las repercusiones que sobre el medio ambiente generan las TIC, relacionados con el desarrollo socioeconómico y los efectos del cambio climático, así como la huella ambiental que tiene, que causa un impacto sobre el entorno y la concientización y promulgación de políticas y medidas encaminadas a la reducción de este impacto ambiental.
Authoritarian Populism as a Response to Crisis: The Case of Brazil
Authors: AKGEMCİ Esra
Published: May 2022

This article demonstrates that the authoritarian populist strategy is most appealing when leaders create a sense of crisis and present themselves as having the only solution. The article underlines three performative methods of how Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil offered simple answers for a crisis and portrayed other political actors as the responsible ones to be removed. Firstly, nativism presents a conservative view on how politics should be structured by perceiving all “non-natives” as threatening. Secondly, messianism, the fetishism of Bolsonaro as a “messiah” who leads the way in the battle between “good” and “evil,” serves to reinforce the support of the Evangelist base against “PT members.” Finally, conspiracism provides an easy way to eradicate ambiguities and helps to fuel an antagonism against the “enemy.”
‘Rideaux rouges’: The Scene of Ideology and the Closure of Representation (Matter and Theatre in Althusser and Derrida)
Authors: Clément Mercier Thomas
Published: May 2022

As they make their way through Louis Althusser’s and Jacques Derrida’s texts, readers will cross innumerable curtains – ‘the words and things’, as Derrida says, as many fabrics of traces. These curtains open onto a multiplicity of scenes and mises en scène, performances, roles, rituals, actors, plays – thus unfolding the space of a certain theatricality. This essay traces Althusser’s and Derrida’s respective deployments of the theatrical motif. In his theoretical writings, Althusser’s theatrical dispositive aims to designate the practical and material dimension of the scenes of ideology, materially enacted through roleplays, performances, acts, or discourses. At the horizon: a scientific discourse on ideology or, later, a strategic intervention in the class struggle. This scientific and/or strategic orientation echoes Althusser’s definition of materialism: ‘no more storytelling’. But Derrida’s ‘closure of representation’ reminds us that there’s no presence – even the most ‘material’ – no ‘truth’ or ‘correctness’ – in theoretical or strategic terms – without effects of re-presentation, differential repetition, narrative reconstruction: theatricality and materiality suppose a force of resistance, a secret heterogeneity, curtain foldings. Hence the irreducible necessity of reading, storytelling, transformative interpretation. What are the implications for thinking inheritance and debt – for example, the one binding Althusser and Derrida, and us to them?
The Detour of Metaphor: Metaphor, Concept, and Strategy in Althusser and Derrida
Authors: Bralic Vicente Montenegro
Published: May 2022

Following some of the main arguments Derrida develops in ‘White Mythology’, in this article I propose an unexplored dialogue between Derrida and Althusser considering the use and the place that each of them gives to metaphor in their philosophical strategies. I give special attention to some rather isolated passages of ‘Elements of Self-Criticism’ and ‘Lenin and Philosophy’, where Althusser, against all evidence, seems to be quite aware of the importance of metaphor and mataphorization in every philosophical practice. As Balibar has argued, contrary to the metaphysical tradition, metaphor would not be the opposite but what anticipates the concept. In this sense, it is possible to observe how Althusser’s work has continuously put into practice – as the singular signature of his theoretical practice – something that I call the ‘detour of metaphor’ as a necessary ‘deviation’ for the production of new concepts. Without any evidence that Althusser may have known Derrida’s essay, I show how Althusser’s own theoretical work, one in which ‘metaphor’ as a philosophical theme appears to be rather anecdotic, is unexpectedly close to Derrida’s own positions concerning the margins of philosophy and its ‘outside’, the relation to the metaphysical tradition, and the importance of strategy in philosophy.
More's Life of Pico: a Christian Epicureanism?
Authors: Brooks Veronica
Published: May 2022

This essay examines More's engagement with Epicurean philosophy in his Life of Pico. In the Life, More enters the humanist debate on the possibility of a synthesis between Christianity and Epicureanism using Pico as a model. More's method imitates the eudaimonism of his classical sources insofar as it employs human happiness as a standard for examining the best way of life. In his evaluations of Pico, More uses the concept of the summum bonum and a hierarchy of human goods in order to show that Epicureanism mistakes the nature of the greatest good: in positing that the best life entails withdrawal from political community and social duties in order to enjoy the pleasures of philosophy, Epicureanism undermines the equanimity that it aims to achieve. As an alternative, More upholds the life of piety and Christian service as the source of “solid” happiness.