bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cold Brew Coffee: Consumer Acceptability and Characterization Using the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) Method
Authors: Heo JeongAe , Choi Kap Seong , Wang Shangci , Adhikari Koushik , Lee Jeehyun
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate consumers’ acceptability and perceived sensory attributes of cold brew coffee, which is increasing in popularity. A total of 120 consumers evaluated liking of 13 cold brew coffee samples and checked sensory attributes they perceived using the check-all-that-apply (CATA) method. Correspondence analysis identified characteristics of each cold brew sample and brewing methods, namely cold brew, coffee machine brewed but served cold, ready-to-drink, and purchased from a coffee shop. In addition, a reduced number of terms were reviewed for common-to-all cold brew samples (17 terms) and specific to each sample (48 terms), which also discriminated among samples. Furthermore, data on consumers’ liking were not influenced by caffeine contents and most of the volatile compounds, but chlorogenic acid and trigonelline contents were negatively related with sensory data. This study specifies the characteristics of cold brew coffee using the CATA method, shows consumers’ segmentation using acceptability, and investigates the relationship between sensory liking data and non-volatile, volatile compounds of coffee.
A Critical Review of Animal Models Used in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Pathophysiology
Authors: Skayneh Hala , Jishi Batoul , Hleihel Rita , Hamieh Maguy , Darwiche Nadine , Bazarbachi Ali , El Sabban Marwan , El Hajj Hiba
Published: August 2019

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most frequent, complex, and heterogeneous hematological malignancies. AML prognosis largely depends on acquired cytogenetic, epigenetic, and molecular abnormalities. Despite the improvement in understanding the biology of AML, survival rates remain quite low. Animal models offer a valuable tool to recapitulate different AML subtypes, and to assess the potential role of novel and known mutations in disease progression. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of select available AML animal models. These include the non-mammalian Zebrafish and Drosophila models as well as the mammalian rodent systems, comprising rats and mice. The suitability of each animal model, its contribution to the advancement of knowledge in AML pathophysiology and treatment, as well as its advantages and limitations are discussed. Despite some limitations, animal models represent a powerful approach to assess toxicity, and permit the design of new therapeutic strategies.
Work Fatigue in a Non-Deployed Military Setting: Assessment, Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes
Authors: Frone Michael R. , Blais Ann-Renee
Published: August 2019

Although work fatigue represents an important issue among military personnel in combat settings, little attention has been paid to work fatigue in the non-deployed setting. This issue was addressed by (a) validating the Three-Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory (3D-WFI) among non-deployed military personnel, (b) assessing the prevalence of work fatigue in a non-deployed setting, and (c) exploring several potential predictors and outcomes of work fatigue in this setting. Data came from a large national probability sample (N = 1375) of non-deployed Royal Canadian Air Force military personnel. Results demonstrated that the 3D-WFI provided a psychometrically sound assessment of physical, mental, and emotional work fatigue among military personnel, which was invariant across sex, age, military component, and military role. All three types of work fatigue were highly prevalent among military personnel in a non-deployed setting. In terms of predictors, job demands were positively associated, and distributive justice, perceived organizational support, physical activity and sleep quality were negatively associated with each type of work fatigue, whereas role ambiguity was positively associated with mental and emotional work fatigue, and interpersonal justice was negatively associated with physical and emotional fatigue. Abusive supervision and sleep quantity were unrelated to work fatigue. In terms of outcomes, the three types of fatigue were positively associated with workplace cognitive failures and work-to-family conflict. In contrast, mental and emotional work fatigue were negatively related to military morale and positively associated with turnover intentions. This study demonstrates that work fatigue is a critical issue among military personnel in non-deployed settings, and an essential issue for military policy development.
Changes in Psychological and Cognitive Outcomes after Green versus Suburban Walking: A Pilot Crossover Study
Authors: de Brito Junia N. , Pope Zachary C. , Mitchell Nathan R. , Schneider Ingrid E. , Larson Jean M. , Horton Teresa H. , Pereira Mark A.
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the acute effects of repeated walking sessions within green and suburban environments on participants’ psychological (anxiety and mood) and cognitive (directed-attention) outcomes. Twenty-three middle-aged adults (19 female) participated in a non-randomized crossover study comprised of once-weekly 50-min moderate-intensity walking sessions. Participants walked for three weeks in each of two treatment conditions: green and suburban, separated by a two-week washout period. Eleven participants completed green walking first and 12 suburban walking first. For each walk, we used validated psychological questionnaires to measure pre- and post-walk scores for: (1) mood, evaluated via the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS); (2) anxiety, assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S); and (3) directed-attention, measured using the visual Backwards Digit Span test (BDS). Repeated measures linear mixed models assessed pre- to post-walk changes within-treatment conditions and post-walk contrasts between-treatment conditions. Results indicated that anxiety decreased after green walking and increased after suburban walking (−1.8 vs. +1.1 units, respectively; p = 0.001). For mood, positive affect improved after green walking and decreased after suburban walking (+2.3 vs. −0.3 units, respectively; p = 0.004), and negative affect decreased after green walking and remained similar after suburban walking (−0.5 vs. 0 units, respectively; p = 0.06). Directed-attention did not improve from pre- to post-walk for either condition. Our results suggested that green walking may be more effective at reducing state anxiety and increasing positive affect compared to suburban walking.
The Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol Supplementation on Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in an Animal Model of Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate
Authors: Chin Kok-Yong , Wong Sok Kuan , Japar Sidik Fadhlullah Zuhair , Abdul Hamid Juliana , Abas Nurul Hafizah , Mohd Ramli Elvy Suhana , Afian Mokhtar Sabarul , Rajalingham Sakthiswary , Ima Nirwana Soelaiman
Published: August 2019

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease which primarily affects the articular cartilage and subchondral bones. Since there is an underlying localized inflammatory component in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, compounds like tocotrienol with anti-inflammatory properties may be able to retard its progression. This study aimed to determine the effects of oral tocotrienol supplementation on the articular cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (three-month-old) were randomized into five groups. Four groups were induced with osteoarthritis (single injection of MIA at week 0) and another served as the sham group. Three of the four groups with osteoarthritis were supplemented with annatto tocotrienol at 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day orally for five weeks. At week 5, all rats were sacrificed, and their tibial-femoral joints were harvested for analysis. The results indicated that the groups which received annatto tocotrienol at 100 and 150 mg/kg/day had lower histological scores and cartilage remodeling markers. Annatto tocotrienol at 150 mg/kg/day significantly lowered the osteocalcin levels and osteoclast surface of subchondral bone. In conclusion, annatto tocotrienol may potentially retard the progression of osteoarthritis. Future studies to confirm its mechanism of joint protection should be performed.
Design Features in Multiple Generations of Electronic Cigarette Atomizers
Authors: Williams Monique , Talbot Prue
Published: August 2019

The design of electronic cigarette (EC) atomizing units has evolved since their introduction over 10 years ago. The purpose of this study was to evaluate atomizer design in ECs sold between 2011–2017. Atomizers from 34 brands representing three generations of ECs were dissected and photographed using a stereoscopic microscope. Five distinct atomizer design categories were identified in first generation products (cig-a-like/cartomizer) and three categories were found in the third generation. Atomizers in most cig-a-like ECs contained a filament, thick wire, wire joints, air-tube, wick, sheath, and fibers, while some later models lacked some of these components. Over time design changes included an increase in atomizer size; removal of solder joints between wires; removal of Polyfil fibers; and removal of the microprocessor from Vuse. In second and third generation ECs, the reservoirs and batteries were larger, and the atomizing units generally lacked a thick wire, fibers, and sheath. These data contribute to an understanding of atomizer design and show that there is no single design for ECs, which are continually evolving. The design of the atomizer is particularly important as it affects the performance of ECs and what transfers into the aerosol.
Geospatial Disaggregation of Population Data in Supporting SDG Assessments: A Case Study from Deqing County, China
Authors: Qiu Yue , Zhao Xuesheng , Fan Deqin , Li Songnian
Published: August 2019

Quantitative assessments and dynamic monitoring of indicators based on fine-scale population data are necessary to support the implementation of the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda and to comprehensively achieve its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, most population data are collected by administrative units, and it is difficult to reflect true distribution and uniformity in space. To solve this problem, based on fine building information, a geospatial disaggregation method of population data for supporting SDG assessments is presented in this paper. First, Deqing County in China, which was divided into residential areas and nonresidential areas according to the idea of dasymetric mapping, was selected as the study area. Then, the town administrative areas were taken as control units, building area and number of floors were used as weighting factors to establish the disaggregation model, and population data with a resolution of 30 m in Deqing County in 2016 were obtained. After analyzing the statistical population of 160 villages and the disaggregation results, we found that the global average accuracy was 87.08%. Finally, by using the disaggregation population data, indicators 3.8.1, 4.a.1, and 9.1.1 were selected to conduct an accessibility analysis and a buffer analysis in a quantitative assessment of the SDGs. The results showed that the SDG measurement and assessment results based on the disaggregated population data were more accurate and effective than the results obtained using the traditional method.
Melatonin Modulation of Radiation and Chemotherapeutics-induced Changes on Differentiation of Breast Fibroblasts
Authors: González-González Alicia , García Nieto Enrique , González Alicia , Sánchez-Fernández Cristina , Alonso-González Carolina , Menéndez-Menéndez Javier , Gómez-Arozamena José , Cos Samuel , Martínez-Campa Carlos
Published: August 2019

Melatonin exerts oncostatic actions and sensitizes tumor cells to chemotherapeutics or radiation. In our study, we investigated the effects of docetaxel, vinorelbine, and radiation on human breast fibroblasts and its modulation by melatonin. Docetaxel or vinorelbine inhibits proliferation and stimulates the differentiation of breast preadipocytes, by increasing C/EBPα and PPARγ expression and by downregulating tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-11 expression. Radiation inhibits both proliferation and differentiation through the downregulation of C/EBPα and PPARγ and by stimulating TNFα expression. In addition, docetaxel and radiation decrease aromatase activity and expression by decreasing aromatase promoter II and cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) expression. Melatonin potentiates the stimulatory effect of docetaxel and vinorelbine on differentiation and their inhibitory effects on aromatase activity and expression, by increasing the stimulatory effect on C/EBPα and PPARγ expression and the downregulation of antiadipogenic cytokines and COX expression. Melatonin also counteracts the inhibitory effect of radiation on differentiation of preadipocytes, by increasing C/EBPα and PPARγ expression and by decreasing TNFα expression. Melatonin also potentiates the inhibitory effect exerted by radiation on aromatase activity and expression by increasing the downregulation of promoter II, and COX-1 and COX-2 expression. Our findings suggest that melatonin modulates regulatory effects induced by chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation on preadipocytes, which makes it a promising adjuvant for chemotherapy and radiotherapy sensibilization.
TUBB3 Reverses Resistance to Docetaxel and Cabazitaxel in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sekino Yohei , Han Xiangrui , Kawaguchi Takafumi , Babasaki Takashi , Goto Keisuke , Inoue Shogo , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Teishima Jun , Shiota Masaki , Yasui Wataru , Matsubara Akio
Published: August 2019

Recent studies have reported that TUBB3 overexpression is involved in docetaxel (DTX) resistance in prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to clarify the role of TUBB3 in DTX and cabazitaxel (CBZ) resistance, and cross-resistance between DTX and CBZ in PCa. We analyzed the effect of TUBB3 knockdown on DTX and CBZ resistance and examined the interaction between TUBB3 and PTEN. We also investigated the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) in DTX and CBZ resistance. TUBB3 expression was upregulated in DTX-resistant and CBZ-resistant cells. TUBB3 knockdown re-sensitized DTX-resistant cells to DTX and CBZ-resistant cells to CBZ. Additionally, TUBB3 knockdown re-sensitized DTX-resistant cell lines to CBZ, indicating that TUBB3 mediates cross-resistance between DTX and CBZ. Knockdown of TUBB3 enhanced PTEN expression, and PTEN knockout enhanced TUBB3 expression. LY294002 suppressed TUBB3 expression in DTX-resistant and CBZ-resistant cell lines. LY294002 re-sensitized DTX-resistant cell lines to DTX and CBZ-resistant cell lines to CBZ. These results suggest that TUBB3 is involved in DTX resistance and CBZ resistance. A combination of LY294002/DTX and that of LY294002/CBZ could be potential strategies for PCa treatment.
Correction: Wan et al. Circadian Regulation of Alternative Splicing of Drought-Associated CIPK Genes in Dendrobium catenatum (Orchidaceae). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 688
Authors: Wan Xiao , Zou Long-Hai , Zheng Bao-Qiang , Wang Yan
Published: August 2019

We would like to submit several corrections to our published paper “Circadian Regulation of Alternative Splicing of Drought-Associated CIPK Genes in Dendrobium catenatum (Orchidaceae)” [...]
From Extraction to Advanced Analytical Methods: The Challenges of Melanin Analysis
Authors: Pralea Ioana-Ecaterina , Moldovan Radu-Cristian , Petrache Alina-Maria , Ilieș Maria , Hegheș Simona-Codruța , Ielciu Irina , Nicoară Raul , Moldovan Mirela , Ene Mihaela , Radu Mihai , Uifălean Alina , Iuga Cristina-Adela
Published: August 2019

The generic term “melanin“ describes a black pigment of biological origin, although some melanins can be brown or even yellow. The pigment is characterized as a heterogenic polymer of phenolic or indolic nature, and the classification of eu-, pheo- and allo- melanin is broadly accepted. This classification is based on the chemical composition of the monomer subunit structure of the pigment. Due to the high heterogeneity of melanins, their analytical characterization can be a challenging task. In the present work, we synthesized the current information about the analytical methods which can be applied in melanin analysis workflow, from extraction and purification to high-throughput methods, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass-spectrometry or pyrolysis gas chromatography. Our thorough comparative evaluation of analytical data published so far on melanin analysis has proven to be a difficult task in terms of finding equivalent results, even when the same matrix was used. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of prior knowledge of melanin types and properties in order to select a valid experimental design using analytical methods that are able to deliver reliable results and draw consistent conclusions.
Synthesis of New Quinoline-Piperonal Hybrids as Potential Drugs against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: de Oliveira C. Brum Juliana , Neto Denise Cristian F. , de Almeida Joyce Sobreiro F. D. , Lima Josélia Alencar , Kuca Kamil , França Tanos Celmar C. , Figueroa-Villar José D.
Published: August 2019

Six quinoline-piperonal hybrids were synthesized and evaluated as potential drugs against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Theoretical analysis of the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of the compounds suggest that they present good oral bio-availability and are also capable of penetrating the blood–brain barrier, qualifying as leads for new drugs against AD. Evaluation of their inhibitory capacity against acetyl- and butyrilcholinesterases (AChE and BChE) through Ellmann’s test showed that three compounds present promising results with one of them being capable of inhibiting both enzymes. Further docking studies of the six compounds synthesized helped to elucidate the main interactions that may be responsible for the inhibitory activities observed.
T and B Cells in Periodontal Disease: New Functions in A Complex Scenario
Authors: Figueredo C.M. , Lira-Junior R. , Love R.M.
Published: August 2019

Periodontal disease is characterised by a dense inflammatory infiltrate in the connective tissue. When the resolution is not achieved, the activation of T and B cells is crucial in controlling chronic inflammation through constitutive cytokine secretion and modulation of osteoclastogenesis. The present narrative review aims to overview the recent findings of the importance of T and B cell subsets, as well as their cytokine expression, in the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease. T regulatory (Treg), CD8+ T, and tissue-resident γδ T cells are important to the maintenance of gingival homeostasis. In inflamed gingiva, however, the secretion of IL-17 and secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT) by activated T cells is crucial to induce osteoclastogenesis via RANKL activation. Moreover, the capacity of mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) to produce cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, might indicate a critical role of such cells in the disease pathogenesis. Regarding B cells, low levels of memory B cells in clinically healthy periodontium seem to be important to avoid bone loss due to the subclinical inflammation that occurs. On the other hand, they can exacerbate alveolar bone loss in a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-dependent manner and affect the severity of periodontitis. In conclusion, several new functions have been discovered and added to the complex knowledge about T and B cells, such as possible new functions for Tregs, the role of SOFAT, and MAIT cells, as well as B cells activating RANKL. The activation of distinct T and B cell subtypes is decisive in defining whether the inflammatory lesion will stabilise as chronic gingivitis or will progress to a tissue destructive periodontitis.
Comprehensive Analysis of LncRNA Reveals the Temporal-Specific Module of Goat Skeletal Muscle Development
Authors: Ling Yinghui , Zheng Qi , Sui Menghua , Zhu Lu , Xu Lina , Zhang Yunhai , Liu Ya , Fang Fugui , Chu Mingxing , Ma Yuehui , Zhang Xiaorong
Published: August 2019

A series of complex processes regulate muscle development, and lncRNAs play essential roles in the regulation of skeletal myogenesis. Using RNA sequencing, we profiled the lncRNA expression during goat (Capra hircus) skeletal muscle development, which included seven stages across fetal 45 (F45), 65 (F65), 90 (F90), 120 (F120), 135 (F135) days, born for 24 h (B1) and 90 (B90) days. A total of 15,079 lncRNAs were identified in the seven stages, and they were less conservative with other species (human, cow, and mouse). Among them, 547 were differentially expressed, and they divided the seven stages into three functional transition periods. Following weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), five lncRNA modules specific for developmental stages were defined as three types: ‘Early modules’, ‘late modules’, and ‘individual-stage-specific modules’. The enrichment content showed that ‘early modules’ were related to muscle structure formation, ‘late modules’ participated in the ‘p53 signaling pathway’ and other pathways, the F90-highly related module was involved in the ‘MAPK signaling pathway’, and other pathways. Furthermore, we identified hub-lncRNA in three types of modules, and LNC_011371, LNC_ 007561, and LNC_001728 may play important roles in goat skeletal muscle. These data will facilitate further exploration of skeletal muscle lncRNA functions at different developmental stages in goats.
Quasi 3D Nacelle Design to Simulate Crosswind Flows: Merits and Challenges
Authors: Yeung Alex , Vadlamani Nagabhushana Rao , Hynes Tom , Sarvankar Sumit
Published: August 2019

This paper studies the computational modelling of the flow separation over the engine nacelle lips under the off-design condition of significant crosswind. A numerical framework is set up to reproduce the general flow characteristics under crosswinds with increasing engine mass flow rate, which include: low-speed separation, attached flow and high speed shock-induced separation. A quasi-3D (Q3D) duct extraction method from the full 3D (F3D) simulations has been developed. Results obtained from the Q3D simulations are shown to largely reproduce the trends observed (isentropic Mach number variations and high-speed separation behaviour) in the 3D intake, substantially reducing the simulation time by a factor of 50. The agreement between the F3D and Q3D simulations is encouraging when the flow either fully attached or with modest levels of separation but degrades when the flow fully detaches. Results are shown to deviate beyond this limit since the captured streamtube shape (and hence the corresponding Q3D duct shape) changes with the mass flow rate. Interestingly, the drooped intake investigated in the current study is prone to earlier separation under crosswinds when compared to an axisymmetric intake. Implications of these results on the industrial nacelle lip design are also discussed.
Motor Evoked Potentials as Potential Biomarkers of Early Atypical Corticospinal Tract Development in Infants with Perinatal Stroke
Authors: Kowalski Jesse L. , Nemanich Samuel T. , Nawshin Tanjila , Chen Mo , Peyton Colleen , Zorn Elizabeth , Hickey Marie , Rao Raghavendra , Georgieff Michael , Rudser Kyle , Gillick Bernadette T.
Published: August 2019

Diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) after perinatal stroke is often delayed beyond infancy, a period of rapid neuromotor development with heightened potential for rehabilitation. This study sought to assess whether the presence or absence of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could be an early biomarker of atypical development within the first year of life. In 10 infants with perinatal stroke, motor outcome was assessed with a standardized movement assessment. Single-pulse TMS was utilized to assess presence of MEPs. Younger infants (3–6 months CA, n = 5, 4/5 (80%)) were more likely to present with an MEP from the more-affected hemisphere (MAH) compared to older infants (7–12 months CA, n = 5, 0/5, (0%)) (p = 0.048). Atypical movement was demonstrated in the majority of infants with an absent MEP from the MAH (5/6, 83%) compared to those with a present MEP (1/4, 25%) (p = 0.191). We found that age influences the ability to elicit an MEP from the MAH, and motor outcome may be related to MAH MEP absence. Assessment of MEPs in conjunction with current practice of neuroimaging and motor assessments could promote early detection and intervention in infants at risk of CP.
The Prevalence of Incidental Endometriosis in Women Undergoing Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling for Clomiphene-Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hager Marlene , Wenzl René , Riesenhuber Sonja , Marschalek Julian , Kuessel Lorenz , Mayrhofer Daniel , Ristl Robin , Kurz Christine , Ott Johannes
Published: August 2019

To evaluate the incidence of endometriosis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients who did not present with any endometriosis symptoms and underwent laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) for clomiphene citrate (CC) resistance, 225 and 630 women with CC-resistant PCOS without classic endometriosis symptoms were included in a retrospective study and a meta-analysis, respectively. All women underwent LOD. The main outcome parameter was the prevalence of incidental endometriosis. Laparoscopy revealed endometriosis in 38/225 (16.9%) women (revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) stage I: 33/38, 86.8%; rAFS stage II: 5/38, 13.2%). When women with CC-resistant PCOS without endometriosis were compared, lower body mass index (BMI) and lower 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels were associated with the presence of endometriosis at laparoscopy (odds ratios (OR): 0.872, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI): 0.792–0.960; p = 0.005 and OR: 0.980, 95%CI: 0.962–0.999; p = 0.036; respectively). The inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis were fulfilled by 4/230 reports about LOD. After correction for study heterogeneity, the pooled prevalence of incidental endometriosis was 7.7% in women with CC-resistant PCOS. In conclusion, the rate of incidental endometriosis in women with CC-resistant PCOS might reflect the prevalence of asymptomatic endometriosis. All cases were affected by minimal or mild disease. Since the literature lacks reports on associated clinical outcomes, the relevance of this entity in such patients should be the subject of further studies.
Effect of Melt-Derived Bioactive Glass Particles on the Properties of Chitosan Scaffolds
Authors: Faqhiri Hamasa , Hannula Markus , Kellomäki Minna , Calejo Maria Teresa , Massera Jonathan
Published: August 2019

This study reports on the processing of three-dimensional (3D) chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds. On the one hand, chitosan, as a natural polymer, has suitable properties for tissue engineering applications but lacks bioactivity. On the other hand, bioactive glasses are known to be bioactive and to promote a higher level of bone formation than any other biomaterial type. However, bioactive glasses are hard, brittle, and cannot be shaped easily. Therefore, in the past years, researchers have focused on the processing of new composites. Difficulties in reaching composite materials made of polymer (synthetic or natural) and bioactive glass include: (i) The high glass density, often resulting in glass segregation, and (ii) the fast bioactive glass reaction when exposed to moisture, leading to changes in the glass reactivity and/or change in the polymeric matrix. Samples were prepared with 5, 15, and 30 wt% of bioactive glass S53P4 (BonAlive ®), as confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis. MicrO–Computed tomography and optical microscopy revealed a flaky structure with porosity over 80%. The pore size decreased when increasing the glass content up to 15 wt%, but increased back when the glass content was 30 wt%. Similarly, the mechanical properties (in compression) of the scaffolds increased for glass content up to 15%, but decreased at higher loading. Ions released from the scaffolds were found to lead to precipitation of a calcium phosphate reactive layer at the scaffold surface. This is a first indication of the potential bioactivity of these materials. Overall, chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds were successfully produced with pore size, machinability, and ability to promote a calcium phosphate layer, showing promise for bone tissue engineering and the mechanical properties can justify their use in non-load bearing applications.
Simulation of the Behavior of a Ship Hull under Grounding: Effect of Applied Element Size on Structural Crashworthiness
Authors: Prabowo Aditya Rio , Putranto Teguh , Sohn Jung Min
Published: August 2019

This work models the effect of an impact phenomenon—namely the interaction between seabed rock and a ship during its operations—on the ship structure. The collision between a tanker vessel with a conical rock is simulated, a scenario that is similar to the famous grounding of the Exxon Valdez oil tanker. The study uses finite element analysis to simulate numerical parameters that are related to structural response and the contours of the ship hull under impact loading. The traditional element-length-to-thickness (ELT) ratio of 10 is recommended in this work. ELT ratios in the range of 11 to 13 are shown to produce similar results in terms of internal energy, contact force, and structural acceleration. Additionally, the analysis time is reduced by approximately 20% for the recommended ELT ratio. This result is very helpful for researchers using finite element analysis to simulate ship accidents, since the mesh size or length of complex structures is used to maintain the efficiency and accuracy of the simulation results.
Place Attachment and Its Consequence for Landscape-Scale Management and Readiness to Participate: Social Network Complexity in the Post-Soviet Rural Context of Latvia and Estonia
Authors: Storie Joanna , Uusna Enri , Eglāja Zane , Laur Teele , Külvik Mart , Suškevičs Monika , Bell Simon
Published: August 2019

This paper uses the tripartite place attachment framework to examine six rural parishes across Estonia and Latvia. Existing analyses/frameworks on participatory processes often neglect the complexity of relationships that rural residents have to their local environments. From a qualitative analysis of face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with case study area inhabitants (23 interviews in Estonia and 27 in Latvia), we depict varying degrees of attachment of individuals to each other and to the place in which they live and their readiness to participate in terms of willingness and ability to participate in a landscape-scale management process. Attachment to the local area was strongest where the social ties were strongest, independent of their sociogeographical features. Social ties were strong where there were good family connections or strong religious or cultural institutions. Taking individual parishes and engaging inhabitants through in-depth interviews using place attachment analysis gives an overall perspective of life in that rural location. These findings reveal important connections within the communities with the potential for planners to engage with local inhabitants and possible barriers to participation.
Measuring Language Dominance in Early Spanish/English Bilinguals
Authors: Solís-Barroso Cecilia , Stefanich Sara
Published: August 2019

This paper analyzes the comparability of language dominance assessments with the purpose of determining whether they yield similar results. Language dominance is an important construct in the field of bilingualism as it allows for a more thorough classification of bilinguals and is thought to play a role in both bilingual production and perception. Yet, there is no unified methodology for assessing language dominance. To that end, we ask the following research question: Do different language dominance measures predict the results of one another? Twenty-nine Spanish/English early bilinguals completed four language dominance assessments. Results indicate that three of the four assessments are highly correlated with each other while the fourth, a repetition task, is not significantly correlated with any of the assessments. Further, twenty of the participants were categorized differently across the individual measures; the more “balanced” a bilingual was, the greater likelihood of being categorized differently. These results indicate that certain language dominance assessments are not comparable with one another and suggest that it could be the case they do not even measure the same variable.
Are AuPdTM (T = Sc, Y and M = Al, Ga, In), Heusler Compounds Superconductors without Inversion Symmetry?
Authors: Kautzsch Linus , Mende Felix , Fecher Gerhard H , Winterlik Jürgen , Felser Claudia
Published: August 2019

Heusler compounds with 2:1:1 stoichiometry either have a centrosymmetric Cu 2 MnAl structure or an Li 2 AgSb structure without a centre of inversion. The centrosymmetry is always lost in quaternary Heusler compounds with 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry and LiMgPdSn structure. This presents the possibility of realizing non-centrosymmetric superconductors in the family of Heusler compounds. The objective of this study is to search for and investigate such quaternary derivatives of Heusler compounds, particularly with respect to superconductivity. Several compounds were identified by carrying out calculations from first principles and superconductivity was observed in experiments conducted on AuPdScAl and AuPtScIn at the critical temperatures of 3.0 and 0.96 K, respectively. All investigated compounds had a valence electron count of 27, which is also the case in centrosymmetric Heusler superconductors.
Variability and Performance Study of the Sound Absorption of Used Cigarette Butts
Authors: Gómez Escobar Valentín , Rey Gozalo Guillermo , Pérez Carlos J.
Published: August 2019

There has been increasing interest in new sustainable materials that can be used as construction materials. Among them, sound-absorbing materials have an important role in both acoustical room conditioning and in room insulation. As a proposal for recycling, one of the most common residues in the world, cigarette butts, is studied. Samples were prepared with used cigarette butts as acoustical absorbent materials. Several samples were prepared and grouped by similarity. Variability analyses of the samples prepared in each group were performed. Moreover, the analysis of some possible influences on absorption properties, such as the length of butts, presence of burnt regions, presence of wrapping paper, etc., were analyzed. The results show the potentiality of this residue to be used as an acoustical absorbent since the absorption coefficients found are greater than 0.8 for frequencies over 2000 Hz. The observed variability in the study group and samples can be considered low, as it was below 2% for the major part of frequencies. Influences on the absorption coefficient, for both the length and status of the butts, were statistically confirmed.
Modeling and Control of IPMC Actuators Based on LSSVM-NARX Paradigm
Authors: Huang Liangsong , Hu Yu , Zhao Yun , Li Yuxia
Published: August 2019

Ionic polymer-metal composites are electrically driven intelligent composites that are readily exposed to bending deformations in the presence of external electric fields. Owing to their advantages, ionicpolymer-metal composites are promising candidates for actuators. However, ionicpolymer-metal composites exhibit strong nonlinear properties, especially hysteresis characteristics, resulting in severely reduced control accuracy. This study proposes an ionic polymer-metal composite platform and investigates its modeling and control. First, the hysteresis characteristics of the proposed Pt-electrode ionic polymer-metal composite are tested. Based on the hysteresis characteristics, ionic polymer-metal composites are modeled using the Prandtl-Ishlinskii model and the least squares support vector machine-nonlinear autoregressive model, respectively. Then, the ionic polymer-metal composite is driven by a random sinusoidal voltage, and the LSSVM-NARX model is established on the basis of the displacement data obtained. In addition, an artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed for accuracy optimization of the model parameters. Finally, an inverse controller based on the least squares support vector machine-nonlinear autoregressive model is proposed to compensate the hysteresis characteristics of the ionic polymer-metal composite. A hybrid PID feedback controller is developed by combining the inverse controller with PID feedback control, followed by simulation and testing of its actual position control on the ionic polymer-metal composite platform. The results show that the hybrid PID feedback control system can effectively eliminate the effects of the hysteresis characteristics on ionic polymer-metal composite control.
Benefits of Pilates in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Suárez-Iglesias David , Miller Kyle J. , Seijo-Martínez Manuel , Ayán Carlos
Published: August 2019

Pilates may be a beneficial method of exercise for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, no studies have critically reviewed the scientific evidence in this regard. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of Pilates as a rehabilitation strategy for PD. A systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus was conducted to identify studies related to the effect of Pilates on PD. The search timeframe ranged from the inception of each database to March 2019. The search resulted in the identification of four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four non-RCT studies. The methodological quality of the investigations ranged from poor to fair. The descriptive analysis of the eight investigations showed that Pilates resulted in beneficial effects on fitness, balance and functional autonomy. A subsequent meta-analysis on the four RCTs indicated that Pilates was more effective than traditional training programmes in improving lower limb function. Pilates can be safely prescribed for people with mild-to-moderate PD. Preliminary evidence indicates that its practice could have a positive impact on fitness, balance and physical function. Its benefits on lower-body function appear to be superior to those of other conventional exercises. Future randomized studies with greater samples are needed to confirm these observations.
Failure and Control of PCBN Tools in the Process of Milling Hardened Steel
Authors: Wang Guangyue , Zhou Xianliang , Wu Xuefeng , Ma Jing
Published: August 2019

The polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) milling tool can be used in the mold industry to replace cemented carbide tools to improve machining efficiency and quality. It is necessary to study the tool wear and failure mechanism to increase machining efficiency and extend tool life. Cr12MoV is used to analyze the failure form of PCBN tools in the interrupted cutting of hardened steels at low and high speed conditions in milling experiments. Experimental results show that the failure forms of PCBN tools include chipping and flank wear at low speed, and the failure modes at high speed are flank wear, the surface spalling of the rake face, and the fatigue failure on the flank face. The failure mechanism of different failure forms is analyzed by observing the surface morphology of the tool and using the theory of fracture mechanics. The results show that a high cutting speed should be selected to avoid the early damage of low speed and achieve better application of PCBN tools. At high cutting speed, tool failure is mainly caused by mechanical wear, diffusion wear, and oxidation wear. Moreover, a fatigue crack will occur at the cutting edge on the chamfered tool under thermal–mechanical coupling because of the intergranular fracture of the CBN grain and binder. A large area of accumulated fatigue damage may appear due to the influence of alternating mechanical stress and thermal stress. Finally, the control method to avoid tool failure is presented.
Geological Mapping and Characterization of Possible Primary Input Materials for the Mineral Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide in Europe
Authors: Kremer Dario , Etzold Simon , Boldt Judith , Blaum Peter , Hahn Klaus M. , Wotruba Hermann , Telle Rainer
Published: August 2019

This work investigates the possible mineral input materials for the process of mineral sequestration through the carbonation of magnesium or calcium silicates under high pressure and high temperatures in an autoclave. The choice of input materials that are covered by this study represents more than 50% of the global peridotite production. Reaction products are amorphous silica and magnesite or calcite, respectively. Potential sources of magnesium silicate containing materials in Europe have been investigated in regards to their availability and capability for the process and their harmlessness concerning asbestos content. Therefore, characterization by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and QEMSCAN® was performed to gather information before the selection of specific material for the mineral sequestration. The objective of the following carbonation is the storage of a maximum amount of CO2 and the utilization of products as pozzolanic material or as fillers for the cement industry, which substantially contributes to anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The characterization of the potential mineral resources for mineral sequestration in Europe with a focus on the forsterite content led to a selection of specific input materials for the carbonation tests. The mineralogical analysis of an Italian olivine sample before and after the carbonation process states the reasons for the performed evaluation. The given data serves as an example of the input material suitability of all the collected mineral samples. Additionally, the possible conversion of natural asbestos occurring in minerals as a side effect of the carbonation process is taken into consideration.
Stability of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3 Nanocrystals under Co-Stresses of UV Light Illumination and Temperature
Authors: Guo Weijie , Chen Nan , Xu Binbin , Lu Yijun , Li Bin , Wu Tingzhu , Cheng Qijin , Li Yang , Chen Jin , Lin Yue , Chen Zhong
Published: August 2019

Hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are among the candidates for color conversion materials in displays, especially in NC-based micro-light-emitting diode (micro-LED) displays. However, these NCs are still lacking long-term stability, which has hindered their large-scale applications. We mimic the working conditions, which include ultraviolet light illumination at 323 K and three different types of atmosphere (N2, vacuum, and air), respectively, to investigate the stability of CH3NH3PbBr3 NCs embedded in the polyvinylidene fluoride matrix. X-ray diffraction results indicate the generation of NH4Pb2Br5, which is produced from the encapsulated CH3NH3PbBr3 NCs in all three atmospheres, and the decomposition generates a large amount of accompanying interface defects at the surface area of NCs, resulting in the significant decrease of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity. This work highlights the stability-related mechanism of CH3NH3PbBr3 NCs under combined external stresses that mimic operating conditions. In addition, this work also suggests a new method for conducting aging tests and contributes to developing effective routes towards higher stability of perovskite NCs.
Of Older Mice and Men: Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Body Composition
Authors: Ribeiro Rosilene V. , Solon-Biet Samantha M. , Pulpitel Tamara , Senior Alistair M. , Cogger Victoria C. , Clark Ximonie , O’Sullivan John , Koay Yen Chin , Hirani Vasant , Blyth Fiona M. , Seibel Markus J. , Waite Louise M. , Naganathan Vasi , Cumming Robert G. , Handelsman David J. , Simpson Stephen J. , Couteur David G Le
Published: August 2019

Protein and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake are associated with changes in circulating BCAAs and influence metabolic health in humans and rodents. However, the relationship between BCAAs and body composition in both species is unclear, with many studies questioning the translatability of preclinical findings to humans. Here, we assessed and directly compared the relationship between circulating BCAAs, body composition, and intake in older mice and men. Body weight and body fat were positively associated with circulating BCAA levels in both mouse and human, which remained significant after adjustments for age, physical activity, number of morbidities, smoking status, and source of income in the human cohort. Macronutrient intakes were similarly associated with circulating BCAA levels; however, the relationship between protein intake and BCAAs were more pronounced in the mice. These findings indicate that the relationship between circulating BCAAs, body composition, and intakes are comparable in both species, suggesting that the mouse is an effective model for examining the effects of BCAAs on body composition in older humans.
Macronutrient Analysis of Target-Pooled Donor Breast Milk and Corresponding Growth in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Fu Ting Ting , Schroder Paige E. , Poindexter Brenda B.
Published: August 2019

The macronutrient composition of target-pooled donor breast milk (DBM) (milk combined strategically to provide 20 kcal/oz) and growth patterns of preterm infants receiving it have not been characterized. Caloric target-pooled DBM samples were analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy. Weekly growth velocities and anthropometric z-scores were calculated for the first 30 days and at 36 weeks corrected gestational age (CGA) for 69 very low birthweight (VLBW) infants receiving minimum one week of DBM. Samples contained mean 18.70 kcal/oz, 0.91 g/dL protein, 3.11 g/dL fat, 7.71 g/dL carbohydrate (n = 96), less than labeled values by 2.43 kcal/oz and 0.11 g/dL protein (p < 0.001). By week 3, growth reached 16.58 g/kg/day, 0.95 cm/week (length), and 1.01 cm/week (head circumference). Infants receiving <50% vs. >50% DBM had similar growth, but infants receiving >50% DBM were more likely to receive fortification >24 kcal/oz (83% vs. 51.9% in the <50% DBM group; p = 0.005). From birth to 36 weeks CGA (n = 60), there was a negative z-score change across all parameters with the greatest in length (−1.01). Thus, target-pooling does not meet recommended protein intake for VLBW infants. Infants fed target-pooled DBM still demonstrate a disproportionate negative change in length z-score over time.
Anthropometry, Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Human
Authors: Tur Josep A. , Bibiloni Maria del Mar
Published: August 2019

Anthropometry (from the Greek anthropos: human, and metron: measure) refers to the systematic collection and correlation of measurements of human individuals, including the systematic measurement of the physical characteristics of the human body, primarily body weight, body size, and shape [...]