bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Polymethinic Chain Substitution on the Two‐Photon Absorption Cross‐section of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes
Authors: Guarin Cesar A. , Mendoza‐Luna Luis Guillermo , Galicia‐López Juan F. , Haro‐Poniatowski Emmanuel , Díaz‐Ponce Javier Alejandro , Hernández‐Pozos José Luis
Published: May 2023

The effect on the two‐photon absorption of heptamethine cyanines (HMCy) upon polymethinic chain substitution is explained via measurements with a femtosecond laser and time‐dependent/density functional theory calculations. An analysis of the optical properties of several HMCy is presented, emphasizing the similarities and differences between IR780 and HITC (used as a case study of HMCy), mainly by analyzing meso‐substitution and investigating the effect of intermediate structures between both molecules. The two‐photon absorption cross‐section of HITC diluted in methanol was measured, yielding a peak of 1838 GM at 830 nm. Spectroscopic and electronic structure computational data show that the change of polymethine chain substituents significantly affects excited state S4 of the molecules, modulating their transition moment and relative energy which, together with changes in the molecular geometry, govern non‐linear absorption.
Hydrophobic Modification of the α‐Hemihydrate Phosphogypsum (α‐HH) Surface by Myristic Acid
Authors: Yuan Xue‐Mei , Xie Hui‐Juan , Fan Zhi‐Yu , Zhou Lan , Wen Zhu , Tao Wen‐Liang , Nie Deng‐Pan , Wu Yi‐Yi
Published: May 2023

Phosphogypsum is widely used as a filler. However, gypsum fillers exhibit poor water resistance, compromising the performance of subsequent products. To address this issue, we modified α‐hemihydrate phosphogypsum (α‐HH) with myristic acid (ΜΑ), a low surface energy material used to prepare super hydrophobic (SHP) surfaces. The MA concentration, temperature, and modification time were optimized using a Box‐Behnken experimental design method. The surface properties, microstructure, and thermal stability of the modified powders were characterized using contact angle measurements, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectrum, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), and thermal gravimetry‐differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC). Additionally, we discussed the hydrophobic modification mechanism of the modified α‐HH. The modified α‐HH/MA prepared with 11.0×10−4 mol L−1 MA at 60 °C for 60 min exhibited high hydrophobicity. During modification, MA bound to the calcium ions on the surface of α‐HH to form calcium myristate, thereby forming a hydrophobic film. The thermal stability of α‐HH was improved by MA modification. The modified powder maintained high hydrophobicity even at 250 °C.
Synthesis and Virtual Screening of Pyrazolothiazole Conjugates as Promising SARS‐CoV‐2 Inhibitors
Authors: Seliem Amal F.
Published: May 2023

The current coronavirus outbreak has highlighted the significance of continuing to develop novel antiviral agents. The SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (Mpro), essential for virus replication, has been recognized as a potential target for developing novel COVID‐19 therapeutics. Herein, we report synthesizing a series of pyrazolothiazole conjugates andin silicomolecular docking screening of their interactions with the COVID‐19 protease 6LU7 protein. The new hybrids were obtained by condensing substituted pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde withN‐phenyl‐hydrazinecarbothioamide and subsequent refluxing with selected α‐haloketones in a basic medium. The structures of the novel pyrazolothiazoles were fully verified by FTIR,1H NMR,13C NMR, and elemental analyses. Molecular docking and free energy analyses using the MM/GBSA approach revealed that5 a–cand7 a–cformed stable interactions within the protease 6LU7 pocket, thus, could be potential inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Drug Design, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Indole Class HIV‐1 NNRTIs Explored with QSAR and Topomer Search
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhang Yanjun , Wang Zhonghua , Jiang Huifang , Xu Jie , Xiong Fei
Published: May 2023

HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) as one of the key targets for the treatment of HIV, and in recent years a series of indole class non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) with potent anti‐HIV‐1 properties have been reported. In this paper, Topomer CoMFA model with reliable validation results (q2=0.809, R2=0.983, R2pred=0.870) for exploring the quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) of the inhibitors. And the relationship between molecular structures and activities were further analysed using the contour plots. The Topomer search technique was employed to search and then designed novel compounds with stronger inhibitory effects. Molecular docking showed that the residue LYS101, GLU138 and ILE180 played a key role, meanwhile, the stability of the docking results was verified by molecular dynamics simulations (MD). Finally, the calculated results of the binding free energy calculations agree with the predictions of the model, further validating the reliability of the proposed model.
Silicon Phthalocyanines as Anti‐infectious, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Agents
Authors: Yenilmez H. Yasemin , Farajzadeh Nazli , Tollu Gülşah , Kuşçulu Nilgün Güler , Bahar Dilek , Özdemir Sadin , Bayır Zehra Altuntaş
Published: May 2023

This study reports the synthesis of three silicon phthalocyanines (SiPc1–3) bearing 2‐dimethylaminoethoxy, 2‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethoxy, or 2‐{2‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethoxy}ethoxy on axial positions. Also, their quaternized derivatives (SiPcQ1–3) were prepared. The effect of ligand length on the biological features of water‐soluble silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcQ1–3) was investigated. The highest antimicrobial activity was obtained 32 μg/mL for SiPcQ1 against double‐distilled water, E. hirae, and E. faecalis. The growth inhibition percentages of compounds SiPcQ1–3 were obtained 100 %, 100 %, and 85.14 %, respectively. The highest biofilm inhibition activity was obtained 86.16 % for 250 mg/L SiPcQ3 against S. aureus. The E. coli growth inhibition activities of 50 mg/L compounds SiPcQ1–3 ranged from 60.17 % to 87.53 % and their activities increased (73.46 %–95.37 %) by the enhancement of the concentration. The E. coli viability inhibition activities of SiPcQ1–3 were concentration‐dependent. The DNA cleavage and binding properties of SiPcQ1–3 were studied using pBR322 DNA and CT‐DNA, respectively. Besides, the toxicity of SiPcQ1–3 was examined against the human colon cancer cell line (DLD‐1). The IC50 values of compounds (SiPcQ1–3) were obtained between 10.12 and 27.06 μM in the dark, however, these values were calculated between 12.32 and 22.17 μM under the light. SiPcQ3 exhibited the highest in vitro anticancer activity against the tested cell.
Mild Photothermal‐Stimulation Based on Injectable and Photocurable Hydrogels Orchestrates Immunomodulation and Osteogenesis for High‐Performance Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wu Minhao , Liu Huifan , Zhu Yufan , Chen Feixiang , Chen Zhe , Guo Liangyu , Wu Ping , Li Gailing , Zhang Chong , Wei Renxiong , Cai Lin
Published: May 2023

A photoactivated bone scaffold integrated with minimally invasive implantation and mild thermal‐stimulation capability shows great promise in the repair and regeneration of irregularly damaged bone tissues. Developing multifunctional photothermal biomaterials that can simultaneously serve as both controllable thermal stimulators and biodegradable engineering scaffolds for integrated immunomodulation, infection therapy, and impaired bone repair remains an enormous challenge. Herein, an injectable and photocurable hydrogel therapeutic platform (AMAD/MP) based on alginate methacrylate, alginate‐graft‐dopamine, and polydopamine (PDA)‐functionalized Ti3C2 MXene (MXene@PDA) nanosheets is rationally designed for near‐infrared (NIR)‐mediated bone regeneration synergistic immunomodulation, osteogenesis, and bacterial elimination. The optimized AMAD/MP hydrogel exhibits favorable biocompatibility, osteogenic activity, and immunomodulatory functions in vitro. The proper immune microenvironment provided by AMAD/MP could further modulate the balance of M1/M2 phenotypes of macrophages, thereby suppressing reactive oxygen species‐induced inflammatory status. Significantly, this multifunctional hydrogel platform with mild thermal stimulation efficiently attenuates local immune reactions and further promotes new bone formation without the addition of exogenous cells, cytokines, or growth factors. This work highlights the potential application of an advanced multifunctional hydrogel providing photoactivated on‐demand thermal cues for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Intelligent ion gels: Design, performance, and applications
Authors: Gao Naiwei , Pan Caofeng
Published: May 2023

Intelligent ion gels, which possess highly tunable mechanical, electrical, and stimulus‐responsive properties, have emerged as powerful candidates in the field of artificial intelligence, telemedicine, and health monitoring. To enrich the functionality of ion gels, it is critical to explore the link between the structure and function of ion gels. In this review, we provide an overview of the synthesis path and functional derivatives of ion gels. The conformational relationships of ion gels have been discussed, such as the effect of structure on electrical conductivity as well as sensing properties. From the perspective of stimulus response, the role of ion gels in areas such as bionic haptics, neural devices, artificial muscles, and intelligent displays has also been explored. It is possible that smart ion gels will open up a new horizon in the upcoming smart era, especially after the current challenges are resolved.
Regulation of perovskite oxides composition for the efficient electrocatalytic reactions
Authors: Li Jianyi , Yao Yaxiong , An Li , Wu Shanshan , Zhang Nan , Jin Jing , Wang Rui , Xi Pinxian
Published: May 2023

The benefits of perovskite oxides include their low cost, customizable composition, ordered atomic structure, and extremely flexible electronic structure. They are the ideal substitute for precious metal catalysts in various electrocatalytic reactions. However, the initial activity of perovskite oxides is often quite limited, which is extremely related to their crystal structure and electronic structure. In this regard, component regulation is the simplest and most effective strategy to increase their stability and catalytic activity. In this review, we briefly outline the recent progress in the modulating component of perovskite oxides to enhance their catalytic properties. The outline was categorized according to the sites in the ABO3‐type perovskite structure, including A‐site, B‐site, and O‐site regulation. Finally, potential research directions aimed at modulating of perovskite oxide constituents are discussed.
Fabrication of Efficient Perovskite Solar Minimodules with a High Geometric Fill Factor of 96% via a Nanosecond Laser
Authors: Yu Guomu , Wang Chao , Li Jing , Zhu Hao , Huang Fuzhi
Published: May 2023

The low‐cost perovskite solar cell has become the next‐generation photovoltaic. However, compared to the high efficiency of the small‐area perovskite solar cells, the large‐area perovskite solar modules (PSMs) have still been struggling for the performance. In addition to preventing the decline in quality of each functional layer after upscaling, another key point is to construct a high geometric filling factor (GFF) for an efficient PSM. Herein, a “back‐scribing” technique is developed by using a low‐cost nanosecond laser scribing from the back side of substrates. The “back‐scribing” technology can clean up the scribing channels greatly, enabling an effective connection with a small damaged area. With precise control of the laser parameters for the scribing of P1, P2, and P3, a high GFF of 96% is achieved, resulting in a high power conversion efficiency of 19.97% with an aperture area of 16 cm2 for the PSM. By this means, the efficiency loss is minimized (<10%) when upscaling a small device to a large‐area solar module.
Precise Tuning Near‐Infrared Photothermal Conversion of Ternary Cocrystals via Supramolecular Interactions
Authors: Wen Xinyi , Chen Ye-Tao , He Jiaxing , Wang Bing , Ye Xiaoting , Guo Yan , Ni Shaofei , Chen Shunli , Phillips David Lee , Dang Li , Li Ming-De
Published: May 2023

Effective utilization of solar energy through cocrystal strategy is still a considerable challenge. Herein, the ternary cocrystal strategy is subtly applied to broaden the absorption of cocrystals, resulting in an efficient solar photothermal conversion (PTC). Specifically, the donors of triphenylene (T) and perylene (P) and guest molecules anthracene (AT), pyrene (PY), and perylene (P) are self‐assembled with 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) to obtain five ternary cocrystals (AT‐T‐TCNQ, PY‐T‐T‐TCNQ, AT‐P‐TCNQ, PY‐P‐TCNQ, and P‐P‐TCNQ). The PTC of ternary cocrystals can be regulated by changing the number of benzene rings of donor and guest molecules, which may be attributed to the π–π and C–H···π intermolecular interactions. Femtosecond transient absorption and excited‐state theoretical calculations confirm that the intense π–π stacking interactions facilitate the light‐harvesting capability, while the weak C–H···π interactions are conducive to molecular stacking loosening and thus facilitate the rotation of C(C ≡ N)2, which promotes nonradiative transition to achieve the efficient PTC. As expected, the PTC efficiencies of AT‐T‐TCNQ, PY‐T‐TCNQ, AT‐P‐TCNQ, PY‐P‐TCNQ, and P‐P‐TCNQ are 59.62%, 63.07%, 81.72%, 79.06%, and 87.72%, respectively, under 808 nm irradiation. Due to the P‐P‐TCNQ having excellent near‐infrared PTC efficiency, it is applied in a solar‐driven interfacial heating evaporation system, gaining a decent evaporation efficiency (83.1%).
Can men find health through their gadgets?
Authors: Lobo Loy
Published: May 2023

Data from internet‐connected medical devices could provide the means for the next revolution in medicine. Health care apps accessed through smartwatches and other digital devices can improve access to a range of services and provide valuable health insights. However, there will be challenges in analysing the huge quantities of data generated as well as issues of ownership.
Efficacy of different bowel preparation regimen volumes for colorectal cancer screening and compliance with European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy performance measures
Authors: Theunissen Felix , Lantinga Marten Alexander , ter Borg Pieter C. J. , Ouwendijk Rob J. T. , Siersema Peter D. , Bruno Marco J. ,   the Trans. IT foundation study group
Published: May 2023

Background

Various volumes of bowel preparation are used in clinical practice. There is conflicting data on the effectiveness of individual regimens. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and compliance of currently used bowel preparations with the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) performance measures using data of the Dutch nationwide colorectal cancer screening (CRC) program.

Methods

In a prospective, multicenter endoscopy database, we identified all CRC screening colonoscopies performed in 15 Dutch endoscopy centers from 2016 to 2020. We excluded procedures without documented bowel preparation or the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) score. Bowel preparation regimens were categorized into three groups, that is, 4‐L (polyethylene glycol (PEG)), 2‐L (2‐L PEG with ascorbic acid) and ≤1‐L volumes (sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate, 1L‐PEG with sodium sulfate and ascorbic acid or oral sulfate solution). European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy performance measures included adequate BBPS score (≥6) (>90%), cecal intubation rate (CIR, >90%), adenoma detection rate (ADR, >25%) and polyp detection rate (PDR, >40%). Logistic regression was performed to identify predictive factors for adequate BBPS and patient discomfort.

Results

A total of 39,042 CRC screening colonoscopies were included. Boston Bowel Preparation Scale scores, CIR, ADR and PDR for 4L, 2L and ≤1L regimens all met the minimum ESGE performance measures standards. However, an adequate BBPS score was more frequently seen with 2L regimens (98.0%) as compared to 4L (97.1%) and ≤1L regimens (97.0%) (p < 0.001), respectively. In addition, CIR was higher for ≤1L (98.4%) versus 4L (97.7%) and 2L (97.9%) regimens (p = 0.001), ADR higher for lower volume (≤1L (60.0%) and 2L (61.2)) versus higher volume (4L (58.6%)) regimens (p < 0.001), and PDR higher for ≤1L (70.0%) and 2L (70.8%) versus 4L (67.2%) regimens (p < 0.001). Boston Bowel Preparation Scale for ≤1L regimens was higher when combined with bisacodyl (97.3%) than without (95.6%) (p < 0.001). Overall, bisacodyl use was independently associated with higher patient discomfort (odds ratios = 1.47, confidence intervals = 1.26–1.72).

Conclusions

Despite variations in bowel preparation volumes, all regimens meet the minimum ESGE performance measures for bowel preparation and other quality parameters. Boston Bowel Preparation Scale can be further improved if ultra low volume regimens are combined with bisacodyl. The choice for either bowel preparation volume can therefore be based on volume‐tolerance and patient preference.
Prevalence and detection rate of major congenital heart disease in twin pregnancies in Denmark
Authors: Bouazzi M. , Jørgensen D. E. S. , Andersen H. , Krusenstjerna‐Hafstrøm T. , Ekelund C. K. , Jensen A. N. , Sandager P. , Sperling L. , Steensberg J. , Sundberg K. , Vejlstrup N. G. , Petersen O. B. B. , Vedel C.
Published: May 2023

Objective

To investigate the national prevalence and prenatal detection rate (DR) of major congenital heart disease (mCHD) in twin pregnancies without twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)‐associated CHD in a Danish population following a standardized prenatal screening program.

Methods

This was a national registry‐based study of data collected prospectively over a 10‐year period. In Denmark, all women with a twin pregnancy are offered standardized screening and surveillance programs in addition to first‐ and second‐trimester screening for aneuploidies and malformation, respectively: monochorionic (MC) twins every 2 weeks from gestational week 15 and dichorionic (DC) twins every 4 weeks from week 18. The data were retrieved from the Danish Fetal Medicine Database and included all twin pregnancies from 2009–2018, in which at least one fetus had a pre‐ and/or postnatal mCHD diagnosis. mCHD was defined as CHD requiring surgery within the first year of life, excluding ventricular septal defects. All pregnancy data were pre‐ and postnatally validated in the local patient files at the four tertiary centers covering the entire country.

Results

A total of 60 cases from 59 twin pregnancies were included. The prevalence of mCHD was 4.6 (95% CI, 3.5–6.0) per 1000 twin pregnancies (1.9 (95% CI, 1.3–2.5) per 1000 live births). The prevalences for DC and MC were 3.6 (95% CI, 2.6–5.0) and 9.2 (95% CI, 5.8–13.7) per 1000 twin pregnancies, respectively. The national prenatal DR of mCHD in twin pregnancies for the entire period was 68.3%. The highest DRs were in cases with univentricular hearts (100%) and the lowest with aortopulmonary window, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, Ebstein's anomaly, aortic valve stenosis and coarctation of the aorta (0–25%). Mothers of children with prenatally undetected mCHD had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) compared to mothers of children with a prenatally detected mCHD (median, 27 kg/m2 and 23 kg/m2, respectively; P = 0.02).

Conclusions

The prevalence of mCHD in twins was 4.6 per 1000 pregnancies and was higher in MC than DC pregnancies. The prenatal DR of mCHD in twin pregnancies was 68.3%. Maternal BMI was higher in cases of prenatally undetected mCHD. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Pericarditis caused by Proteus mirabilis in sheep
Authors: Najd Ghahremani Abolfazl , Abdollahi Mostafa , Shokrpoor Sara , Ashrafi Tamai Iraj
Published: May 2023

Pericarditis means inflammation in the pericardial sac. Pericarditis is divided into three categories based on morphology, including fibrinous, purulent, and constrictive. In the present study, a 7‐month‐old male Ghezel breed sheep was examined for low weighting rate for three months. Tachypnea, tachycardia, heart friction sound, absence of fever and normal appetite were recorded in the clinical examination. In the patient's history, there was a history of perforated chest trauma behind the left scapula about three months ago. After the echocardiography examination and bacteriology procedures, purulent pericarditis caused by Proteus mirabilis was diagnosed. The bacterium was analysed using genome sequencing and new strain called Abhar114 was diagnosed. This is the first report of pericarditis caused by Proteus mirabilis in sheep.
Holographic thermal propagator for arbitrary scale dimensions
Authors: Bajc Borut , Lugo Adrián R.
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Using the AdS/CFT correspondence we model the behaviour of the two-point correlator of an operator with arbitrary scale dimension ∆ in arbitrary spacetime dimension d for small but non-zero temperature. The obtained propagator coincides in the low temperature regime with the known result for d = 4 for large ∆ at the order Td as well as with the Td and T2d terms of the exact all order result for d = 2. Furthermore, for arbitrary d we explicitly write down the expression for the order Td of the propagator for arbitrary ∆, and present a conjecture for the order T2d in the large ∆ limit.
Exploring Higgs-photon production at the LHC
Authors: Biswas Tisa , Datta Anindya
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We have investigated the signal for physics beyond the Standard Model via Higgs plus photon final state, hitherto unobserved at the LHC, in the framework of Standard Model Effective Field Theory. Using the relevant dimension-6 operators, we probe two distinct classes of interactions, based on the Lorentz structure of Higgs couplings to gauge bosons and fermions. To begin with, constraints on the Wilson coefficients of these operators have been derived from existing experimental data. We then focus on the hadronic decay of the Higgs boson to two bottom quarks in the boosted regime, leading to a high pT fat-jet recoiling against a hard photon. Following a CMS Run II search for a heavy resonance decaying into a Higgs boson and a photon, a detailed signal and background analysis for this channel has been done and limits on the relevant Wilson coefficients have been obtained. By performing a cut-based analysis, we identify some kinematic observables that distinguish between signal and SM background. Minimum values of the Wilson coefficients that will yield 3σ signal significance at the 14 TeV run of the LHC with 3000 fb−1 data, have been obtained. A multivariate analysis using a boosted decision tree and exploiting the jet substructure techniques further help to isolate the regions of phase space where the contribution of SMEFT driven signal is significantly enhanced. Finally, we briefly discuss the parameter dependencies and interpretations of the allowed values of the coefficients on a particularly interesting UV complete model namely, the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.
RG flows and stability in defect field theories
Authors: Carreño Bolla I. , Rodriguez-Gomez D. , Russo J. G.
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We investigate defects in scalar field theories in four and six dimensions in a double-scaling (semiclassical) limit, where bulk loops are suppressed and quantum effects come from the defect coupling. We compute β-functions up to four loops and find that fixed points satisfy dimensional disentanglement — i.e. their dependence on the space dimension is factorized from the coupling dependence — and discuss some physical implications. We also give an alternative derivation of the β functions by computing systematic logarithmic corrections to the Coulomb potential. In this natural scheme, β functions turn out to be a gradient of a ‘Hamiltonian’ function $$ \mathcal{H} $$
H
. We also obtain closed formulas for the dimension of scalar operators and show that instabilities do not occur for potentials bounded from below. The same formulas are reproduced using Rigid Holography.
Lepton-flavoured scalar dark matter in Dark Minimal Flavour Violation
Authors: Acaroğlu Harun , Agrawal Prateek , Blanke Monika
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We study a simplified model of lepton-flavoured complex scalar dark matter set up in the Dark Minimal Flavour Violation framework. In this model the Standard Model is extended by a scalar dark matter flavour triplet and a charged fermionic mediator, through which dark matter couples to the right-handed charged leptons of the Standard Model. This interaction is parameterized by a new 3 × 3 coupling matrix λ. Consistent with the field content of the model, also the Standard Model’s approximate flavour symmetry is extended to include an additional global U(3) associated with the dark matter flavour triplet. In addition to the Standard Model Yukawa couplings, the new coupling matrix λ is assumed to constitute the only source that violates this extended symmetry. We analyse the parameter space of this model by investigating constraints from collider searches, lepton flavour violating decays, the observed dark matter relic density, and direct as well as indirect dark matter detection experiments. By performing a combined analysis of all constraints we find that restrictions from lepton flavour violating decays, the observed relic density and dark matter nucleon scattering are dominant. The combination of the latter two renders limits from collider searches irrelevant while indirect detection constraints are weak due to a p-wave suppression of the annihilation rate. We conclude that lepton-flavoured scalar dark matter has a rich phenomenology and is a viable dark matter candidate.
Toward random tensor networks and holographic codes in CFT
Authors: Chandra Jeevan , Hartman Thomas
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In holographic CFTs satisfying eigenstate thermalization, there is a regime where the operator product expansion can be approximated by a random tensor network. The geometry of the tensor network corresponds to a spatial slice in the holographic dual, with the tensors discretizing the radial direction. In spherically symmetric states in any dimension and more general states in 2d CFT, this leads to a holographic error-correcting code, defined in terms of OPE data, that can be systematically corrected beyond the random tensor approximation. The code is shown to be isometric for light operators outside the horizon, and non-isometric inside, as expected from general arguments about bulk reconstruction. The transition at the horizon occurs due to a subtle breakdown of the Virasoro identity block approximation in states with a complex interior.
TCFHs, IIB warped AdS backgrounds and hidden symmetries
Authors: Grimanellis L. , Papadopoulos G.
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We present the twisted covariant form hierarchies (TCFHs) on the internal spaces of all type IIB warped AdS backgrounds. As a result we demonstrate that the form bilinears on the internal spaces satisfy a generalisation of the conformal Killing-Yano equation. We also explore some of the properties of the TCFHs, like for example the holonomy of the TCFH connections. In addition, we present examples where the form bilinears generate hidden symmetries for particle probes propagating on the internal spaces of some AdS backgrounds. These include the maximally supersymmetric AdS5 solution as well as some of the near horizon geometries of intersecting IIB branes.
Nanoarchitectonics of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites reinforced with Cu–Al–Zn-alloy for ultrasonic array transducers’ fabrication
Authors: Barakat Mirham A. Y. , El-Sabbagh Salwa H. , Mohamed Wael S. , Mahmoud Doaa S.
Published: May 2023

In response to the continuous demand for industry progress and the need for low-cost alternative materials that have superior properties than the present ones, a new coupling agent was used to treat composites, which were used as new backing materials in ultrasonic array transducers. In array transducers, back-echo reverberation to the piezoelectric elements occurs, so backing materials are critical in reducing these echoes. The Cu–Al–Zn-alloy was treated with a coupling agent before being incorporated into ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) composites. Cu–Al–Zn-alloy/EPDM composites were assessed using rheometric, mechanical, and morphological properties. The division of cu-alloy at the EPDM matrix was visualized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). TGA and DSC techniques were used to study the thermal characterization of the EPDM composites. As a result, the treated Cu-alloy improved the thermal, mechanical, and morphological characteristics of EPDM composites. Ultrasonic measurements ensured the composites' effectiveness as backing materials in ultrasonic array transducers. Furthermore, the composites’ properties were similar to those of the most commonly used epoxy/tungsten backing material. Finally, linear ultrasonic-phased array transducers were fabricated using Cu–Al–Zn-alloy/EPDM composites. They had a low signal-to-noise ratio, and this ensured the effectiveness of Cu–Al–Zn-alloy/EPDM composites as backing materials.
A novel risk prediction nomogram for early death in patients with resected synchronous multiple primary colorectal cancer based on the SEER database
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Zhao Liang , Hu Yanpeng , Deng Kai , Ren Wanbo
Published: May 2023

Background

Synchronous multiple primary colorectal cancer (SMPCC) involves the simultaneous occurrence of 2 or more independent primary malignant tumors in the colon or rectum. Although SMPCC is rare, it results in a higher incidence of postoperative complications and mortality compared to patients with single primary colorectal cancer (SPCRC).

Methods

The clinical factors and survival outcomes of SMPCC patients registered on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2000 and 2017 were extracted. The patients were divided into the training and validation cohorts using a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors for early death. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC). A decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical utility of the nomogram and standard TNM system.

Results

A total of 4386 SMPCC patients were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to the training (n = 3070) and validation (n = 1316) cohorts. The multivariate logistic analysis identified age, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, T stage, N stage, and M stage as independent risk factors for all-cause and cancer-specific early death. The marital status was associated with all-cause early death, and the tumor grade was associated with cancer-specific early death. In the training cohort, the nomogram achieved a C-index of 0.808 (95% CI, 0.784–0.832) and 0.843 (95% CI, 0.816–0.870) for all-cause and cancer-specific early death, respectively. Following validation, the C-index was 0.797 (95% CI, 0.758–0.837) for all-cause early death and 0.832 (95% CI, 0.789–0.875) for cancer-specific early death. The ROC and calibration curves indicated that the model had good stability and reliability. The DCA showed that the nomogram had a better clinical net value than the TNM staging system.

Conclusion

Our nomogram can provide a simple and accurate tool for clinicians to predict the risk of early death in SMPCC patients undergoing surgery and could be used to optimize the treatment according to the patient's needs.
Multiskaliger Ansatz zur Lebensdauerabschätzung von Wälzlagern mit Hilfe des lokalen Ermüdungsmodells nach Fatemi-Socie
Authors: Foko Foko Flavien , Rüth Lukas , Koch Oliver , Sauer Bernd
Published: May 2023

Ein multiskaliger Ansatz zur Lebensdauerabschätzung von Wälzlagern wird vorgestellt und auf Innenringe von Zylinderrollenlagern des Typs NU 1006 angewendet. Aus einer Systemmodellierung auf der Makroebene werden die im Wälzkontakt wirkenden Kräfte bestimmt. Die mikroskaligen Kontaktsimulationen erfolgen in einem Halbraum-Kontaktmodell. Die Spannungen auf dem Innenring werden unter Berücksichtigung der plastischen Deformationen bestimmt und in den lokalen Ermüdungsansatz nach Fatemi-Socie zur Lebensdauerabschätzung eingesetzt. Drei Lastfälle: 3,8, 3,5 und 2,5 GPa als maximale Pressung im Kontakt Wälzkörper-Innenring werden dabei simulativ untersucht. Die simulierten und experimentell ermittelten Eigenspannungen und Ermüdungslebensdauern zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung.
Immersive and desktop virtual reality in virtual fashion stores: a comparison between shopping experiences
Authors: Ricci Marina , Evangelista Alessandro , Di Roma Annalisa , Fiorentino Michele
Published: May 2023

With the high growth and prosperity of e-commerce, the retail industry needs to explore new technologies that improve digital shopping experiences. In the current technological scenario, Virtual Reality (VR) emerges as a tool and an opportunity for enhancing shopping activities, especially for the fashion industry. This study explores whether using Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) technologies enhances the shopping experience in the fashion industry compared to Desktop Virtual Reality (DVR). A within-subject experiment was carried out involving a sample of 60 participants who completed a simulated shopping experience. In the first mode (DVR), a desktop computer setup was used to test the shopping experience using a mouse and keyboard for navigation. The second mode (IVR) exploited a Head-Mounted Display (HMD), and controllers, that allowed navigation while seated on a workstation to avoid sickness. Participants had to find a bag in the virtual shop and explore its features until they were ready to purchase it. Post-hoc measures of time duration of the shopping experience, hedonic and utilitarian values, user experience, and cognitive load were compared. Results showed that participants experienced higher hedonism and utilitarianism in the IVR shop compared to DVR. The cognitive load was comparable in both modes, while user experience was higher in IVR. In addition, the time duration of the shopping experience was higher in IVR, where users stayed immersed and enjoyed it for longer. This study has implications for fashion industry research, as the use of IVR can potentially lead to novel shopping patterns by enhancing the shopping experience.
A Particularist Approach to Arguments by Analogy
Authors: Alhambra José
Published: May 2023

In this article I defend what I call a ‘particularist approach to arguments by analogy.’ Particularism is opposed to generalism, which is the thesis that arguments by analogy require a universal principle that covers cases compared and guarantees the conclusion. Particularism rejects this claim and holds that arguments by analogy operate on particular cases. I elaborate on two ideas that support this position. On the one hand, I contend that an analogy can be seen as a parallelism of argumentative relationships, drawing on the distinction between similarity and analogy (Gentner 1983) and on the meta-argumentative account of arguments by analogy (Woods and Hudak 1989). On the other hand, I argue that universal principles are not necessary neither for the analysis nor the evaluation of arguments by analogy (Govier 1989) and that, rather than being a requirement, they can be seen as by-products of good analogies.
A multi-level modeling approach to guide management of female feral hogs in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Authors: Buderman Frances E. , Helm Patrick J. , Clark Joseph D. , Williamson Ryan H. , Yarkovich Joseph , Mullinax Jennifer M.
Published: May 2023

We trapped, anesthetized, and fit 16 female feral swine (Sus scrofa) with Global Positioning System (GPS) collars in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) to develop predictive summer and winter models for more effective population control efforts. Given the highly diverse habitat and topography in GRSM and the spatial extent of our dataset, we employed Step Selection Function (SSF) to evaluate resource selection at the 3rd-order level and Resource Selection Function (RSF) models at the 2nd-order level for both summer and winter seasons. The summer SSF and RSF models suggested relatively similar levels of selection, whereas the winter models differed by method. We created a straightforward consensus model to better visualize the agreement and constraints of each set of models. In summer, feral swine used lower slopes regardless of elevation, especially those closer to human-dominated spaces such as along paved and gravel roadways. In winter, feral swine maintained preference for lower slopes but preferred oak-dominated forest areas and selection for human development was less than in summer. Wildlife managers can use these models to better focus feral swine surveillance and management in GRSM. Managers can identify areas of high use by season and plan control activities that are both accessible and highly efficient. The combination and consensus framework presented here can be applied to other systems where species’ habitat selection may result in incongruous results across different levels of selection or seasons of interest.
Protected area coverage has a positive effect on koala occurrence in Eastern Australia
Authors: Terraube J. , Gardiner R. , Hohwieler K. , Frère C.H. , Cristescu R.H.
Published: May 2023

Protected areas (PAs) are crucial conservation tools implemented worldwide to conserve biodiversity. Although PAs can positively impact wildlife populations, their ecological outcomes vary substantially depending on PA management and governance. Recent calls have highlighted the need to better assess the role of area-based conservation in preventing biodiversity loss. This is crucial to improve PA effectiveness in order to meet global biodiversity goals. Here we take advantage of a unique dataset composed of 2230 surveys conducted with koala detection dogs across Eastern Australia, to assess how protection status affected the occurrence of a threatened specialist folivore. We assessed if coverage of protected forest influenced koala presence or absence at two spatial scales (1 and 3 km), for (i) strictly and (ii) all protected areas. We also investigated if PA effects were explained by differences in habitat composition (percentage of secondary forest) between protected and unprotected areas. Taking confounding factors into account, we showed that forest protection (all IUCN categories) had a significant positive effect on koala occurrence, which increased by ~ 10% along the forest protection gradient. Contrarily, koala occurrence was not affected by strictly protected areas. In addition, adding the percentage of secondary forests in our models did not modify the statistical effect of PAs on koala occurrence, suggesting that forest composition is not the driver of the observed difference along the protection gradient. Our results contribute to a broader understanding of the effects of PAs on a threatened marsupial and call for further attention to assessments of PA effectiveness in Eastern Australia, a global biodiversity hotspot.
Serial changes of the side-branch ostial area after single crossover stenting with kissing-balloon inflation
Authors: Fujimura Tatsuhiro , Okamura Takayuki , Nagoshi Ryoji , Murasato Yoshinobu , Yamawaki Masahiro , Miyazaki Yosuke , Akase Hideaki , Ono Shiro , Serikawa Takeshi , Hikichi Yutaka , Norita Hiroaki , Nakao Fumiaki , Sakamoto Tomohiro , Shinke Toshiro , Shite Junya
Published: May 2023

Purpose

We aimed to investigate the serial change of the side-branch ostial area (SBOA) depended on the wire-position before Kissing-balloon inflation (KBI) in the single-stent strategy for bifurcation lesions separately in the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and in non-LMCA.

Methods

Patients who underwent a single-stent KBI for a bifurcation lesion and had OCT images at the timing of the rewiring, at the post-procedure, and at the 9-month follow-up were extracted from the 3D-OCT Bifurcation Registry, which is a multicenter-prospective registry of patients with a percutaneous coronary intervention for a bifurcation lesion under OCT guidance. The SBOA was measured by dedicated software, and the rewiring position at the side-branch ostium after crossover stenting was assessed by three-dimensional-optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT). The optimal rewiring was defined as link-free-type and distal rewiring. The relationship between the optimal rewiring and the serial change of the SBOA was investigated separately in LMCA and non-LMCA cases.

Results

We examined 75 bifurcation lesions (LMCA, n = 35; non-LMCA, n = 40). The serial changes of the SBOA with the optimal rewiring were not significantly different regardless of LMCA and non-LMCA (LMCA:3.96 to 3.73 mm2, p = 0.38; non-LMCA:2.16 to 2.21 mm2, p = 0.98), whereas the serial changes of the SBOA with the sub-optimal rewiring were significantly reduced (LMCA:6.75 to 5.54 mm2, p = 0.013; non-LMCA:2.28 mm2 to 2.09 mm2, p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in clinical events between the optimal and sub-optimal rewiring group regardless of the LMCA and non-LMCA.

Conclusion

The side-branch ostial area dilated with the optimal rewiring position in a bifurcation lesion treated with single crossover stenting and kissing-balloon inflation was preserved regardless of whether the bifurcation was in the LMCA or a non-LMCA.
On the evaluation of outlier detection and one-class classification: a comparative study of algorithms, model selection, and ensembles
Authors: Marques Henrique O. , Swersky Lorne , Sander Jörg , Campello Ricardo J. G. B. , Zimek Arthur
Published: May 2023

It has been shown that unsupervised outlier detection methods can be adapted to the one-class classification problem (Janssens and Postma, in: Proceedings of the 18th annual Belgian-Dutch on machine learning, pp 56–64, 2009; Janssens et al. in: Proceedings of the 2009 ICMLA international conference on machine learning and applications, IEEE Computer Society, pp 147–153, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLA.2009.16). In this paper, we focus on the comparison of one-class classification algorithms with such adapted unsupervised outlier detection methods, improving on previous comparison studies in several important aspects. We study a number of one-class classification and unsupervised outlier detection methods in a rigorous experimental setup, comparing them on a large number of datasets with different characteristics, using different performance measures. In contrast to previous comparison studies, where the models (algorithms, parameters) are selected by using examples from both classes (outlier and inlier), here we also study and compare different approaches for model selection in the absence of examples from the outlier class, which is more realistic for practical applications since labeled outliers are rarely available. Our results showed that, overall, SVDD and GMM are top-performers, regardless of whether the ground truth is used for parameter selection or not. However, in specific application scenarios, other methods exhibited better performance. Combining one-class classifiers into ensembles showed better performance than individual methods in terms of accuracy, as long as the ensemble members are properly selected.
The influence factors of students' transferable skills development in Blended-Project-Based Learning environment: a new 3P model
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Zhu Wanxia
Published: May 2023

Based on the existing 3P model, this paper constructed a new 3P model under the blended-project-based learning (BPBL) environment, used the course teaching data to verify this model, and revealed the potential factors that affect the learning process and learning outcomes. The results showed that the presage variables of academic motivation and course design positively affect the process variables of blended learning experience and learning engagement, respectively. The presage variable of academic motivation and the process variable of learning engagement positively affect the product variable of transferable skill development, respectively. In blended-project-based learning, it is necessary to enhance students' sense of experience and engagement by improving their academic motivation and optimizing course design, thereby promoting the development of students' transferable skills. This study has certain implications for optimizing blended-project-based teaching and promoting the development of students' team work ability, demonstration skills, management skills, and other transferable abilities.
Posterior capsule dynamics during femtosecond laser lens fragmentation
Authors: Bellucci Carlo , Mora Paolo , Tedesco Salvatore Antonio , Bellucci Roberto , Gandolfi Stefano
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The dynamics of the posterior capsule during femtosecond laser lens fragmentation has received little attention in the literature. We analysed the movements of the posterior capsule to identify the rupture risk factors, if any, and to suggest possible modification of the laser spot energy pattern during fragmentation.

Materials and methods

Posterior capsule ruptures during fragmentation were identified over a 10-year period of femtosecond laser use. In addition, the dynamics of the posterior capsule were identified through the real-time swept-source OCT lateral view available during the surgeries.

Results

Out of the 1465 laser cataract procedures performed, we recorded 1 case of posterior capsule rupture during lens fragmentation, which was caused by eye movement that was detected but ignored by the surgeon. Three types of posterior capsule dynamics were identified, all related to a gas bubble formation during the first part of the lens fragmentation. In eyes with a hard nucleus, the concussion of the posterior capsule was evident, however, with no capsule rupture.

Discussion

Maintaining good docking throughout the whole procedure seems important in avoiding a posterior capsule cut by the femtosecond laser. In addition, a Gaussian pattern of spot energy is suggested when fragmenting hard cataracts.