bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrated differential evolution of multi-population based on contribution degree
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Yang Hao , Xu Chunyu , Zeng Yunjie , Xu Guoqing
Published: July 2023

The differential evolution algorithm based on multi-population mainly improves its performance through mutation strategy and grouping mechanism. However, each sub-population plays a different role in different periods of iterative evolution. If each sub-population is assigned the same computing resources, it will waste a lot of computing resources. In order to rationally distribute computational resources, an integrated differential evolution of multi-population based on contribution degree (MDE-ctd) is put forth in this work. In MDE-ctd, the whole population is divided into three sub-populations according to different update strategies: archival, exploratory, and integrated sub-populations. MDE-ctd dynamically adjusts computing resources according to the contribution degree of each sub-population. It can effectively use computing resources and speed up convergence. In the updating process of integrated sub-populations, a mutation strategy pool and two-parameter value pools are used to maintain population diversity. The experimental results of CEC2005 and CEC2014 benchmark functions show that MDE-ctd outperforms other state-of-art differential evolution algorithms based on multi-population, especially when it deals with highly complex optimization problems.

Graphical abstract

An integrated differential evolution of multi-population based on contribution degree
Hermite–Hadamard-type Inequalities for $$\hbar$$-preinvex Interval-Valued Functions via Fractional Integral
Authors: Tan Yun , Zhao Dafang , Sarikaya Mehmet Zeki
Published: July 2023

We present a comprehensive study on Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for interval-valued functions that are $$\hbar$$
ħ
-preinvex, using the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral. Our research extends and generalizes some existing results found in the literature. In addition, we provide accurate proofs for the main theorems originally derived by Srivastava et al. in their publication titled “Hermite–Hadamard Type Inequalities for Interval-Valued Preinvex Functions via Fractional Integral Operators" (Int. J. Comput. Int. Sys. 15(1):8, 2022). Finally, we illustrate our findings through a practical example to demonstrate the validity of our results.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on Feature Extraction and Diagnosis Method of Gearbox Vibration Signal Based on VMD and ResNeXt
Authors: Dou Shuihai , Liu Yanlin , Du Yanping , Wang Zhaohua , Jia Xiaomei
Published: July 2023

Aiming at the nonlinear and non-stationarity of gearbox fault signals and the confusion among different fault categories, a gear fault diagnosis method combining variational mode decomposition, reconstruction and ResNeXt is proposed in this paper. In this paper, parameter K of VMD is determined according to the changing trend of sample entropy (SE), K modal components are obtained after decomposition, and the effective modal components are extracted and reconstructed according to Pearson autocorrelation coefficient, so as to remove redundant information from the original signal. Then the reconstructed signal is transformed by time–frequency and output two-dimensional time–frequency information, which is used as the input of ResNeXt model to extract the characteristics of different faults. Moreover, the model performance is improved by changing the learning rate decline rate, and a fault diagnosis model with high precision and good stability is established.
Quest for Identity
Authors: Rao Nitya
Published: July 2023

This book lays bare the reality of being an Adivasi in India today and beyond that a woman in a globalising world, building commonalities with the author's own personal experiences and life trajectory. The lived experiences of Santal women and men are unfolded here along with the political and economic changes after Jharkhand State was created. Using ethnographic methods, it weaves a multi-dimensional and multi-relational mosaic of the lives and livelihoods, the struggles for resources, gender identities and new narratives of citizenship. Ordinary peoples' everyday struggles for survival with dignity and respect form the core of the analyses. Rich in field insights, the gender lens adopted gives a fresh perspective to understanding issues of land and labour, indigenous identity, political aspirations and state relations. It contributes significantly to the slim literature on Adivasi development in Jharkhand and fills a gap in knowledge on gender relations.
Novelty and the demand for private regulation: Evidence from data privacy governance
Authors: Beaumier Guillaume
Published: July 2023

Private regulations are often presented as low-cost and flexible institutions that can act as policy incubators. In this article, I question under which conditions they go beyond legal compliance and experiment with new rules. Based on a content analysis of 126 data privacy regulations adopted between 1995 and 2016 in the European Union and the United States and thirty-five semistructured interviews, I show that most private regulations include no regulatory novelties. By disaggregating the temporal and spatial distribution of the few novelties, I add nuance to this overall finding and show that private regulations adopted in the United States before 2000 experimented more than others. I argue that this variation reflects the different demands for private regulation in the two jurisdictions and their evolution over time. In the European Union, the early adoption of privacy laws led public regulators and businesses to look for private regulations to reduce transaction costs and thus limited their interest in experimenting with new requirements. In the United States, businesses hoped to gain a first-mover advantage by including new data privacy rules in their private regulations. However, the growing use of private regulations to ease transnational data flows also led to their use as tools to reduce transaction costs.
Viscosity measurements of glycerol in a parallel-plate rheometer exposed to atmosphere
Authors: Ault Jesse T. , Shin Sangwoo , Garcia Allan , Perazzo Antonio , Stone Howard A.
Published: July 2023

Glycerol is a hygroscopic fluid that spontaneously absorbs water vapour from the atmosphere. For applications involving glycerol, care must be taken to avoid exposure to humidity, since its viscosity decreases quickly as water is absorbed. We report experimental measurements of the viscosity of glycerol in a parallel-plate rheometer where the outer interface is exposed to atmosphere. The measurements decrease with time as water is absorbed from the atmosphere and transported throughout the glycerol via diffusion and advection. Measured viscosities drop faster at higher relative humidities, confirming the role of hygroscopicity in the transient viscosities. The rate of viscosity decrease shows a non-monotonic relationship with the rheometer gap height. This behaviour is explained by considering the transition from diffusion-dominated transport in the narrow-gap regime to the large-gap regime where transport is dominated by inertia-driven secondary flows. Numerical simulations of the water absorption and transport confirm this non-monotonic behaviour. The experimental viscosity measurements show unexpectedly fast decreases at very small gap heights, violating the parallel-plate, axisymmetric model. We propose that this drop-off may be due to misalignment in the rheometer that becomes non-negligible for small gaps. Theoretical considerations show that secondary flows in a misaligned rheometer dominate the typical secondary inertial flows in parallel-plate rheometers at small gaps. Finally, simulations in a misaligned parallel-plate system demonstrate the same sharp drop-off in viscosity measurements at small gap heights. This modelling can be used to estimate the gap height where misalignment effects dominate the transient glycerol viscosity measurements.
“Where the Aura of a Tyrant Remains”: Absent Presence and Mnemonic Remains of Socialist-Era Monuments
Authors: Andrejevs Dmitrijs
Published: July 2023

This article is dedicated to the absent presence and mnemonic remains of the socialist-era monuments in eastern Europe. Mnemonic remains is a metaphor I employ in this paper to direct our attention to the physical absence of monuments after their removal. But it also speaks of a monument’s role in absentia, its continued existence in and its effects on the collective memory beyond its physical presence. The phenomenon, sporadically acknowledged but rarely subject of investigation in academic literature, is explored and illustrated through the lens of the removed V.I. Lenin monument in Riga. The absent monument, I contend, performs the function of a phantom monument, exerting mnemonic agency beyond its physical presence through its representational value for other memory projects. This is highlighted through the study of the proposed and completed, but never unveiled, monument to Konstantīns Čakste on the site of the former Lenin monument in Riga.
Elite Nationalism and the Crumbling of Multi-Ethnic Coexistence: Habsburg Dalmatia and the Language Question in the Wake of Italian Unification
Authors: Maritan Mario
Published: July 2023

The emergence of Italian nationalism in general, and in Habsburg Dalmatia in particular, has escaped any systematic theorizing in the field of nationalism studies. In the 1860s, changing geopolitical scenarios, resulting from the process of Italian unification, triggered a heated debate among Italian- and Slavic-speaking Dalmatian politicians and intellectuals over the introduction of equal status for the Italian language and Slavic-Dalmatian. Although Italian-speaking Dalmatians constituted a very tiny minority of the population of the Austrian province, the Italian language had a dominant role in public life as a legacy of previous Venetian colonial rule. While the majority of the Slavic-Dalmatian intelligentsia and political elites sought rights for the local Slavic language in public life without undermining the existence of Italian, Italian-speaking elites opposed measures aimed at language equality in their attempt to maintain their privileged position within Dalmatian society. In the same period, Niccolò Tommaseo emerged as the leading figure against any concessions to Slavs, thus distancing himself from his previous “multinational” ideas and igniting anti-Slavic Italian nationalism in the region. And the nationalist tropes used by Italian-speaking Dalmatians, Tommaseo included, mirrored the very same primordialist rhetoric of modern-day nationalist leaders, from Russia to China.
Avoidance loci and tropicalizations of real bitangents to plane quartics
Authors: Markwig Hannah , Payne Sam , Shaw Kris
Published: July 2023

We compare two partitions of real bitangents to smooth plane quartics into sets of 4: one coming from the closures of connected components of the avoidance locus and another coming from tropical geometry. When both are defined, we use the Tarski principle for real closed fields in combination with the topology of real plane quartics and the tropical geometry of bitangents and theta characteristics to show that they coincide.
Dilatation Eustachian tuboplasty with a Eustachian tube video endoscope and supporting balloon
Authors: Zhang Huasong , Zhang Qing , He Kunwu , Chen Minqi , Chen Yucheng , Su Dongliang , Tang Haobin , Lin Weifen , Chen Shuhua
Published: July 2023

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility and safety of employing a Eustachian tube video endoscope with a supporting balloon as a viable treatment and examination option for patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Methods

A study involving nine fresh human cadaver heads was conducted to investigate the potential of balloon dilatation Eustachian tuboplasty using a Eustachian tube video endoscope and a supporting balloon catheter. The Eustachian tube cavity was examined with the Eustachian tube video endoscope during the procedure, which involved the dilatation of the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube with the supporting balloon catheter.

Results

The utilisation of the Eustachian tube video endoscope in conjunction with the supporting balloon catheter demonstrated technical ease during the procedure, with no observed damage to essential structures, particularly the Eustachian tube cavity.

Conclusion

This newly introduced method of dilatation and examination of the Eustachian tube cavity using a Eustachian tube video endoscope and the supporting balloon is a feasible, safe procedure.
Strategic culture as a meaning-making system: towards a social semiotic account of multimodal cultural constraints in international relations
Authors: Fomin Ivan
Published: July 2023

The article reconsiders the notion of strategic culture using fundamental categories of general and social semiotics, which make it possible to systematise and instrumentalise this concept while preserving its broad scope. The proposed framework suggests a relationalist reconceptualisation of strategic culture based on Charles Peirce's semiotic theory, thereby helping to transcend the existing controversy about how culture-as-ideas, culture-as-artefacts, and culture-as-behaviour are related to each other in strategic culture. The suggested approach helps to clarify the problematic aspects of the notion of strategic culture by redefining strategic culture as a logonomic system (a system of rules of meaning-making) that constrains interactions in strategic affairs. Such reconceptualisation helps to study how strategic cultures are reproduced not only through verbal discourse but also through other artefacts and actions. Semiotic categories also make it possible to account for important distinctions between various elements of strategic culture and formulate principles that can guide the studies of this phenomenon. The article provides some examples from the Russian strategic culture to demonstrate how the proposed framework can be applied.
Evaluation of smart spray technology for postemergence herbicide application in row middles of plasticulture production
Authors: Buzanini Ana C. , Schumann Arnold , Boyd Nathan S.
Published: July 2023

Postemergence herbicides used to control weeds in the space between raised, plastic-covered beds in plasticulture production systems are typically banded, and herbicides are applied to weeds and to where weeds do not occur. To reduce the incidence of off-targeted applications, the University of Florida developed a smart-spray technology for row middles in plasticulture systems. The technology detects weed according to categories and applies herbicides only where the weeds occur. Field experiments were conducted at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Balm, FL, in fall 2021 and spring 2022. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of postemergence applications of diquat and glyphosate in row middles in jalapeno pepper fields when banded or applied with smart-spray technology. The overall precision of the weed detection model was 0.92 and 0.89 for fall and spring, respectively. The actuation precision achieved was 0.86 and 1 for fall and spring, respectively. No significant differences were observed between banded and targeted applications either with glyphosate or diquat in terms of broadleaf, grass, and nutsedge weed density. No significant pepper damage was observed with either herbicide or application technique. The smart-spray technology reduced herbicide application volume by 26% and 42% in fall and spring, respectively, with no reduction in weed control or pepper yield compared to a banded application. Overall, the smart-spray technology reduced the herbicide volume applied with no reductions in weed control and no significant effects on crop yield.
The Psychosocial and Physiological Effects of Choir-Singing in People with Dementia
Authors: Dawudi Milad , Schall Arthur , Tesky Valentina A. , Pantel Johannes
Published: July 2023

Abstract: We conducted a pilot study to assess the expected effects of regular choir-singing in persons with dementia. We measured psychosocial and physiological outcomes in the 19 choir members ( Mage = 76.95) with mild-to-moderate dementia. We evaluated the weekly choir rehearsals individually (situational measurements) and overall (pre-/posttests). Our data suggested significant increases in emotional well-being during the choir sessions and significant reductions in cortisol levels in saliva as an indicator of stress. Observations by the caregiving relatives confirmed the positive influence of choir-singing on participants’ emotional and communication behavior. The results of the pilot study reveal the therapeutic potential of choir-based music interventions in persons with dementia and show that these effects can be demonstrated in community-based singing programs.
Low‐Degree Melt Metasomatic Origin of Global Upper Mantle Fe Isotope Fractionation
Authors: Guo Pengyuan , Niu Yaoling , Sun Pu , Chen Shuo , Chen Yanhong , Duan Meng , Wang Xiaohong , Gong Hongmei
Published: July 2023

The upper mantle is heterogeneous in Fe isotope compositions, but the origin of the heterogeneity needs understanding. Recent studies on oceanic basalts demonstrate that the upper mantle Fe isotope heterogeneity results from low‐degree melt metasomatism. However, whether this hypothesis is of global significance needs testing in continental settings. Here we present an Fe isotopic study on intraplate continental alkali basalts from continental China, which are shown to have derived from upper mantle containing more metasomatized lithologies. The results show first‐order positive correlations of δ56Fe with indices of low‐degree melt metasomatism (e.g., [La/Sm]N), which, together with the so‐far published mid‐ocean ridge basalts data, define global trends, substantiating the global significance of low‐degree melt metasomatism in causing upper mantle Fe isotope variation. We, thus, suggest that low‐degree melt metasomatism is a globally effective process to preferentially concentrate heavy Fe isotopes in metasomatic lithologies at upper mantle conditions both today and in Earth's history.
Characteristics of Magnetic Reconnection With a Finite X‐Line Length
Authors: Huang Kai , Lu Quanming , Liu Yi‐Hsin , Lu San , Wang Rongsheng
Published: July 2023

The characteristics of magnetic reconnection with a finite x‐line length are studied using three‐dimensional (3D) particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations. We simulate two cases: anti‐parallel reconnection and guide field reconnection. In both cases, reconnection is triggered by an initial perturbation that is localized in the current direction, and then, an active reconnection region extending around 20 ion inertia length along the current direction is developed. In both cases, the electron inertia term plays an important role in balancing the reconnection electric field near the two edges of the x‐line along the current direction. On the ion drifting side, ions are heated while electron heating is not significant; while on the electron drifting side, electrons are heated while ion heating is weak. In the anti‐parallel case, the out‐of‐plane Hall magnetic field on the ion and electron drifting side of the reconnection region shows reversed polarization, while in the guide field case, the in‐plane Hall electric field shows reversed polarization. These features can be used as identifications for reconnection with a finite x‐line length during observations in the magnetotail, they also provide an estimation of the satellite location in the dawn‐dusk direction of the reconnection region.
Daily Plasmaspheric TEC Variations From COSMIC GPS Observations Based on RBF Neural Network‐Kriging Method
Authors: Shi Qiqi , Jin Shuanggen , Li Linlin
Published: July 2023

The low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite provides valuable direct observations for scientific investigation of the plasmasphere, while the plasmaspheric total electron content (PTEC) with a high temporal resolution cannot be precisely estimated due to fewer LEO satellites. In this paper, a novel joint method of radial basis function neural network—Kriging (RBF‐Kr) method is designed to construct the daily PTEC model using the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate Global Positioning System observations during the low (2009) and high (2013) solar activity years. Compared with the original RBF method, the RBF‐Kr method reduces the mean absolute error and root mean square error from 0.77 to 0.60 TEC unit (TECU) and 0.99 to 0.80 TECU, respectively. The correlation coefficient (Corr) increased from 0.90 to 0.94. Furthermore, daily PTEC variations show that the PTEC at low latitudes is evenly distributed during equinox periods. The South American‐Atlantic Ocean sector has a peak and trough in PTEC during the December and June solstices. A certain symmetrical distribution of PTEC is observed in the latitudinal direction, and the symcenter moves toward the summer hemisphere. The duration of extremal PTEC at 60°W is observed, which lasted up to more than 80 days around the December solstice. An obvious correlation between the solar flux and PTEC is found with up to 0.86, indicating that daily PTEC variations are mainly related to solar activities.
Generative AI as a Tool for Environmental Health Research Translation
Authors: Anderson Lauren B. , Kanneganti Dhiraj , Houk Mary Bentley , Holm Rochelle H. , Smith Ted
Published: July 2023

One valuable application for generative artificial intelligence (AI) is summarizing research studies for non‐academic readers. We submitted five articles to Chat Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT) for summarization, and asked the article's author to rate the summaries. Higher ratings were assigned to more insight‐oriented activities, such as the production of eighth‐grade reading level summaries, and summaries highlighting the most important findings and real‐world applications. The general summary request was rated lower. For the field of environmental health science, no‐cost AI technology such as ChatGPT holds the promise to improve research translation, but it must continue to be improved (or improve itself) from its current capability.
Siege in the Southern Stratosphere: Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Water Vapor Excluded From the 2022 Antarctic Polar Vortex
Authors: Manney Gloria L. , Santee Michelle L. , Lambert Alyn , Millán Luis F. , Minschwaner Ken , Werner Frank , Lawrence Zachary D. , Read William G. , Livesey Nathaniel J. , Wang Tao
Published: July 2023

We use Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) trace gas measurements to investigate whether water vapor (H2O) injected into the stratosphere by the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) eruption affected the 2022 Antarctic stratospheric vortex. Other MLS‐measured long‐lived species are used to distinguish high HTHH H2O from that descending in the vortex from the upper‐stratospheric H2O peak. HTHH H2O reached high southern latitudes in June–July but was effectively excluded from the vortex by the strong transport barrier at its edge. MLS H2O, nitric acid, chlorine species, and ozone within the 2022 Antarctic polar vortex were near average; the vortex was large, strong, and long‐lived, but not exceptionally so. There is thus no clear evidence of HTHH influence on the 2022 Antarctic vortex or its composition. Substantial impacts on the stratospheric polar vortices are expected in succeeding years since the H2O injected by HTHH has spread globally.
Deep Learning Improves GFS Wintertime Precipitation Forecast Over Southeastern China
Authors: Sun Danyi , Huang Wenyu , Yang Zifan , Luo Yong , Luo Jingjia , Wright Jonathon S. , Fu Haohuan , Wang Bin
Published: July 2023

Wintertime precipitation, especially snowstorms, significantly impacts people's lives. However, the current forecast skill of wintertime precipitation is still low. Based on data augmentation (DA) and deep learning, we propose a DABU‐Net which improves the Global Forecast System wintertime precipitation forecast over southeastern China. We build three independent models for the forecast lead times of 24, 48, and 72 hr, respectively. After using DABU‐Net, the mean Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSEs) of the wintertime precipitation at the three lead times are reduced by 19.08%, 25.00%, and 22.37%, respectively. The threat scores (TS) are all significantly increased at the thresholds of 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm day−1 for the three lead times. During heavy precipitation days, the RMSEs are decreased by 14% and TS are increased by 7% at the lead times within 48 hr. Therefore, combining DA and deep learning has great prospects in precipitation forecasting.
Grain‐Size Effects During Semi‐Brittle Flow of Calcite Rocks
Authors: Harbord Christopher , Brantut Nicolas , Wallis David
Published: July 2023

We study the role of grain size in the rheological behavior of calcite aggregates in the semi‐brittle regime. We conduct compressive triaxial deformation tests on three rocks, Solnhofen limestone, Carrara marble and Wombeyan marble, with grain sizes of 5–10, 200, and 2 mm, respectively, at pressures in the range 200–800 MPa and temperatures in the range 20–400°C. At all conditions, both strength and hardening rate increase with decreasing grain size. Flow stress scales with the inverse of grain size to a power between 1/3 and 2/3. For a given pressure and temperature, the typical strength of Solnhofen limestone (grain size 5–10 μm), is greater than that of Wombeyan marble, (grain size of around 2 mm), by about 200–300 MPa (i.e., around a factor of 2). Hardening rate decreases linearly with the logarithm of grain size. In situ ultrasonic monitoring reveals that P‐wave speed tends to decrease with increasing strain, and that this decrease is more marked at room temperature than at 200 and 400°C. The decrease in wave speed is consistent with microcracking, which is more prevalent at low temperature and low pressure. Microstructural observations reveal high twin densities in all deformed samples. Twin density increases with stress, consistent with previous datasets. Spatial distributions of intragranular misorientation indicate that twins are sometimes obstacles to dislocation motion, but this effect is not ubiquitous. Computed slip‐transfer statistics indicate that twins are typically weaker barriers to dislocation glide than grain boundaries, so that their effect on dislocation accumulation and hardening rates is likely smaller than the effect of grain size.
Accuracy of Finite Fault Slip Estimates in Subduction Zone Regions With Topographic Green's Functions and Seafloor Geodesy
Authors: Langer Leah , Ragon Théa
Published: July 2023

Until recently, the lack of seafloor geodetic instrumentation and the use of unrealistically simple, half‐space based forward models have resulted in poor resolution of near‐trench slip in subduction zone settings. Here, we use a synthetic framework to investigate the impact of topography and geodetic data distribution on coseismic slip estimates in various subduction zone settings. We calculate surface displacements in two synthetic topographic domains that have topography similar to that of Chile and Japan, respectively. We then attempt to image target slip distributions by using a Bayesian approach to solve for slip with two sets of Green's functions—one that accounts for topography and one that does not—and five sets of 50 or more observation points selected from the synthetic surface displacements. Three of these sets of observation points are entirely onland, and two include 5–10 seafloor geodetic sites. We find that the use of topographic Green's functions always improves inferred slip models, and with seafloor geodetic data, it enables an almost perfect recovery of a target slip model, even in the near‐trench region. Critically, our results demonstrate that it would be impossible for non‐topographic Green's functions to properly recover the true slip distribution, particularly in the near‐trench region. We also perform a parameter study with approximately 4,000 slip models estimated using a least‐square approach, and find that topographic Green's functions yield significantly more accurate slip models in cases where good data (well distributed and reasonably dense) are available, even in the absence of seafloor geodetic sites.
Perturbed epigenetic transcriptional regulation in AML with IDH mutations causes increased susceptibility to NK cells
Authors: Palau Anna , Segerberg Filip , Lidschreiber Michael , Lidschreiber Katja , Naughton Aonghus J. , Needhamsen Maria , Jung Lisa Anna , Jagodic Maja , Cramer Patrick , Lehmann Sören , Carlsten Mattias , Lennartsson Andreas
Published: July 2023

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are found in 20% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, only 30–40% of the patients respond to IDH inhibitors (IDHi). We aimed to identify a molecular vulnerability to tailor novel therapies for AML patients with IDH mutations. We characterized the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape with the IDH2i AG-221, using an IDH2 mutated AML cell line model and AML patient cohorts, and discovered a perturbed transcriptional regulatory network involving myeloid transcription factors that were partly restored after AG-221 treatment. In addition, hypermethylation of the HLA cluster caused a down-regulation of HLA class I genes, triggering an enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activation and an increased susceptibility to NK cell-mediated responses. Finally, analyses of DNA methylation data from IDHi-treated patients showed that non-responders still harbored hypermethylation in HLA class I genes. In conclusion, this study provides new insights suggesting that IDH mutated AML is particularly sensitive to NK cell-based personalized immunotherapy.
Clinical outcome of Mantle Cell Lymphoma patients with high-risk disease (high-risk MIPI-c or high p53 expression)
Authors: Scheubeck Gabriel , Jiang Linmiao , Hermine Olivier , Kluin-Nelemans Hanneke C. , Schmidt Christian , Unterhalt Michael , Rosenwald Andreas , Klapper Wolfram , Evangelista Andrea , Ladetto Marco , Jerkeman Mats , Ferrero Simone , Dreyling Martin , Hoster Eva
Published: July 2023

Currently, treatment allocation of patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is mainly based on age and medical fitness. The combined MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI-c) allows to predict prognosis using clinical factors (MIPI) and the Ki-67 index. However, high p53 expression as surrogate for TP53 alterations has demonstrated to be an independent predictor for poor outcome. We aimed to define a clear high-risk group based on the combination of MIPI, Ki-67 and p53 expression/TP53 alteration. A total of 684 patients from the prospective European MCL-Younger and MCL-Elderly trials were evaluable. The classification of high-risk disease (HRD) as high-risk MIPI-c or p53 expression >50% versus low-risk disease (LRD) as low, low-intermediate or high-intermediate MIPI-c and p53 expression ≤50% allowed to characterize two distinct groups with highly divergent outcome. Patients with HRD had significantly shorter median failure-free survival (FFS) (1.1 vs. 5.6 years, p < 0.0001) and overall survival (OS) (2.2 vs. 13.2 years, p < 0.0001) compared to those with LRD. These major differences were confirmed in two validation cohorts from the Italian MCL0208 and the Nordic-MCL4 trials. The results suggest that this subset of HRD patients is not sufficiently managed with the current standard treatment and is asking for novel treatment strategies.
Bone-inspired (GNEC/HAPAAm) hydrogel with fatigue-resistance for use in underwater robots and highly piezoresistive sensors
Authors: Lyu Chaoyang , Wen Bo , Bai Yangzhen , Luo Daning , Wang Xin , Zhang Qingfeng , Xing Chenyang , Kong Tiantian , Diao Dongfeng , Zhang Xi
Published: July 2023

A novel bone-inspired fatigue-resistant hydrogel with excellent mechanical and piezoresistive properties was developed, and it exhibited great potential as a load and strain sensor for underwater robotics and daily monitoring. The hydrogel was created by using the high edge density and aspect ratio of graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) nanomaterials to form a three-dimensional conductive network and prevent the expansion of microcracks in the hydrogel system. Multiscale progressive enhancement of the organic hydrogels (micrometer scale) was realized with inorganic graphene nanosheets (nanometer scale). The graphene nanocrystals inside the GNEC film exhibited good electron transport properties, and the increased distances between the graphene nanocrystals inside the GNEC film caused by external forces increased the resistance, so the hydrogel was highly sensitive and suitable for connection to a loop for sensing applications. The hydrogels obtained in this work exhibited excellent mechanical properties, such as tensile properties (strain up to 1685%) and strengths (stresses up to 171 kPa), that make them suitable for use as elastic retraction devices in robotics and provide high sensitivities (150 ms) for daily human monitoring.
Metabolically diverse microorganisms mediate methylmercury formation under nitrate-reducing conditions in a dynamic hydroelectric reservoir
Authors: Peterson Benjamin D , Poulin Brett A , Krabbenhoft David P , Tate Michael T , Baldwin Austin K , Naymik Jesse , Gastelecutto Nick , McMahon Katherine D
Published: July 2023

Brownlee Reservoir is a mercury (Hg)-impaired hydroelectric reservoir that exhibits dynamic hydrological and geochemical conditions and is located within the Hells Canyon Complex in Idaho, USA. Methylmercury (MeHg) contamination in fish is a concern in the reservoir. While MeHg production has historically been attributed to sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea, microorganisms carrying the hgcA gene are taxonomically and metabolically diverse and the major biogeochemical cycles driving mercury (Hg) methylation are not well understood. In this study, Hg speciation and redox-active compounds were measured throughout Brownlee Reservoir across the stratified period in four consecutive years (2016–2019) to identify the location where and redox conditions under which MeHg is produced. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on a subset of samples to characterize the microbial community with hgcA and identify possible links between biogeochemical cycles and MeHg production. Biogeochemical profiles suggested in situ water column Hg methylation was the major source of MeHg. These profiles, combined with genome-resolved metagenomics focused on hgcA-carrying microbes, indicated that MeHg production occurs in this system under nitrate- or manganese-reducing conditions, which were previously thought to preclude Hg-methylation. Using this multidisciplinary approach, we identified the cascading effects of interannual variability in hydrology on the redox status, microbial metabolic strategies, abundance and metabolic diversity of Hg methylators, and ultimately MeHg concentrations throughout the reservoir. This work expands the known conditions conducive to producing MeHg and suggests that the Hg-methylation mitigation efforts by nitrate or manganese amendment may be unsuccessful in some locations.
5-Iodotubercidin sensitizes cells to RIPK1-dependent necroptosis by interfering with NFκB signaling
Authors: Chauhan Chanchal , Kraemer Andreas , Knapp Stefan , Windheim Mark , Kotlyarov Alexey , Menon Manoj B. , Gaestel Matthias
Published: July 2023

Receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPK)-1 and -3 play crucial roles in cell fate decisions and are regulated by multiple checkpoint controls. Previous studies have identified IKK1/2- and p38/MK2-dependent checkpoints that phosphorylate RIPK1 at different residues to inhibit its activation. In this study, we investigated TNF-induced death in MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2)-deficient cells and found that MK2 deficiency or inactivation predominantly leads to necroptotic cell death, even without caspase inhibition. While RIPK1 inhibitors can rescue MK2-deficient cells from necroptosis, inhibiting RIPK3 seems to switch the process to apoptosis. To understand the underlying mechanism of this switch, we screened a library of 149 kinase inhibitors and identified the adenosine analog 5-Iodotubercidin (5-ITu) as the most potent compound that sensitizes MK2-deficient MEFs to TNF-induced cell death. 5-ITu also enhances LPS-induced necroptosis when combined with MK2 inhibition in RAW264.7 macrophages. Further mechanistic studies revealed that 5-ITu induces RIPK1-dependent necroptosis by suppressing IKK signaling in the absence of MK2 activity. These findings highlight the role for the multitarget kinase inhibitor 5-ITu in TNF-, LPS- and chemotherapeutics-induced necroptosis and its potential implications in RIPK1-targeted therapies.
Chirality control of a single carbene molecule by tip-induced van der Waals interactions
Authors: Cao Yunjun , Mieres-Perez Joel , Rowen Julien Frederic , Sanchez-Garcia Elsa , Sander Wolfram , Morgenstern Karina
Published: July 2023

Non-covalent interactions such as van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds are crucial for the chiral induction and control of molecules, but it remains difficult to study them at the single-molecule level. Here, we report a carbene molecule on a copper surface as a prototype of an anchored molecule with a facile chirality change. We examine the influence of the attractive van der Waals interactions on the chirality change by regulating the tip-molecule distance, resulting in an excess of a carbene enantiomer. Our model study provides insight into the change of molecular chirality controlled by van der Waals interactions, which is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms of chiral induction and amplification.
Confining charge-transfer complex in a metal-organic framework for photocatalytic CO2 reduction in water
Authors: Karmakar Sanchita , Barman Soumitra , Rahimi Faruk Ahamed , Rambabu Darsi , Nath Sukhendu , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: July 2023

In the quest for renewable fuel production, the selective conversion of CO2 to CH4 under visible light in water is a leading-edge challenge considering the involvement of kinetically sluggish multiple elementary steps. Herein, 1-pyrenebutyric acid is post-synthetically grafted in a defect-engineered Zr-based metal organic framework by replacing exchangeable formate. Then, methyl viologen is incorporated in the confined space of post-modified MOF to achieve donor-acceptor complex, which acts as an antenna to harvest visible light, and regulates electron transfer to the catalytic center (Zr-oxo cluster) to enable visible-light-driven CO2 reduction reaction. The proximal presence of the charge transfer complex enhances charge transfer kinetics as realized from transient absorption spectroscopy, and the facile electron transfer helps to produce CH4 from CO2. The reported material produces 7.3 mmol g−1 of CH4 under light irradiation in aqueous medium using sacrificial agents. Mechanistic information gleans from electron paramagnetic resonance, in situ diffuse reflectance FT-IR and density functional theory calculation.
Neuroinvasion and anosmia are independent phenomena upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 and its variants
Authors: de Melo Guilherme Dias , Perraud Victoire , Alvarez Flavio , Vieites-Prado Alba , Kim Seonhee , Kergoat Lauriane , Coleon Anthony , Trüeb Bettina Salome , Tichit Magali , Piazza Aurèle , Thierry Agnès , Hardy David , Wolff Nicolas , Munier Sandie , Koszul Romain , Simon-Lorière Etienne , Thiel Volker , Lecuit Marc , Lledo Pierre-Marie , Renier Nicolas , Larrous Florence , Bourhy Hervé
Published: July 2023

Anosmia was identified as a hallmark of COVID-19 early in the pandemic, however, with the emergence of variants of concern, the clinical profile induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection has changed, with anosmia being less frequent. Here, we assessed the clinical, olfactory and neuroinflammatory conditions of golden hamsters infected with the original Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain, its isogenic ORF7-deletion mutant and three variants: Gamma, Delta, and Omicron/BA.1. We show that infected animals develop a variant-dependent clinical disease including anosmia, and that the ORF7 of SARS-CoV-2 contributes to the induction of olfactory dysfunction. Conversely, all SARS-CoV-2 variants are neuroinvasive, regardless of the clinical presentation they induce. Taken together, this confirms that neuroinvasion and anosmia are independent phenomena upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using newly generated nanoluciferase-expressing SARS-CoV-2, we validate the olfactory pathway as a major entry point into the brain in vivo and demonstrate in vitro that SARS-CoV-2 travels retrogradely and anterogradely along axons in microfluidic neuron-epithelial networks.
Experimental study platform for electrocatalysis of atomic-level controlled high-entropy alloy surfaces
Authors: Chida Yoshihiro , Tomimori Takeru , Ebata Tomoaki , Taguchi Noboru , Ioroi Tsutomu , Hayashi Kenta , Todoroki Naoto , Wadayama Toshimasa
Published: July 2023

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted considerable attention to improve performance of various electrocatalyst materials. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between surface atomic-level structures and catalytic properties is essential to boost the development of novel catalysts. In this study, we propose an experimental study platform that enables the vacuum synthesis of atomic-level-controlled single-crystal high-entropy alloy surfaces and evaluates their catalytic properties. The platform provides essential information that is crucial for the microstructural fundamentals of electrocatalysis, i.e., the detailed relationship between multi-component alloy surface microstructures and their catalytic properties. Nanometre-thick epitaxially stacking layers of Pt and equi-atomic-ratio Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni, the so-called Cantor alloy, were synthesised on low-index single-crystal Pt substrates (Pt/Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni/Pt(hkl)) as a Pt-based single-crystal alloy surface model for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis. The usefulness of the platform was demonstrated by showing the outperforming oxygen reduction reaction properties of high-entropy alloy surfaces when compared to Pt-Co binary surfaces.
Effect of experimental hookworm infection on insulin resistance in people at risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Pierce Doris R. , McDonald Malcolm , Merone Lea , Becker Luke , Thompson Fintan , Lewis Chris , Ryan Rachael Y. M. , Hii Sze Fui , Zendejas-Heredia Patsy A. , Traub Rebecca J. , Field Matthew A. , Rahman Tony , Croese John , Loukas Alex , McDermott Robyn , Giacomin Paul R.
Published: July 2023

The reduced prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in countries with endemic parasitic worm infections suggests a protective role for worms against metabolic disorders, however clinical evidence has been non-existent. This 2-year randomised, double-blinded clinical trial in Australia of hookworm infection in 40 male and female adults at risk of type 2 diabetes assessed the safety and potential metabolic benefits of treatment with either 20 (n = 14) or 40 (n = 13) Necator americanus larvae (L3) or Placebo (n = 13) (Registration ACTRN12617000818336). Primary outcome was safety defined by adverse events and completion rate. Homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting blood glucose and body mass were key secondary outcomes. Adverse events were more frequent in hookworm-treated participants, where 44% experienced expected gastrointestinal symptoms, but completion rates were comparable to Placebo. Fasting glucose and insulin resistance were lowered in both hookworm-treated groups at 1 year, and body mass was reduced after L3-20 treatment at 2 years. This study suggests hookworm infection is safe in people at risk of type 2 diabetes and associated with improved insulin resistance, warranting further exploration of the benefits of hookworms on metabolic health.
Efficient urea electrosynthesis from carbon dioxide and nitrate via alternating Cu–W bimetallic C–N coupling sites
Authors: Zhao Yilong , Ding Yunxuan , Li Wenlong , Liu Chang , Li Yingzheng , Zhao Ziqi , Shan Yu , Li Fei , Sun Licheng , Li Fusheng
Published: July 2023

Electrocatalytic urea synthesis is an emerging alternative technology to the traditional energy-intensive industrial urea synthesis protocol. Novel strategies are urgently needed to promote the electrocatalytic C–N coupling process and inhibit the side reactions. Here, we report a CuWO4 catalyst with native bimetallic sites that achieves a high urea production rate (98.5 ± 3.2 μg h−1 mg−1cat) for the co-reduction of CO2 and NO3− with a high Faradaic efficiency (70.1 ± 2.4%) at −0.2 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the combination of stable intermediates of *NO2 and *CO increases the probability of C–N coupling and reduces the potential barrier, resulting in high Faradaic efficiency and low overpotential. This study provides a new perspective on achieving efficient urea electrosynthesis by stabilizing the key reaction intermediates, which may guide the design of other electrochemical systems for high-value C–N bond-containing chemicals.
Global hotspots of traded phylogenetic and functional diversity
Authors: Hughes Liam J. , Massam Mike R. , Morton Oscar , Edwards Felicity A. , Scheffers Brett R. , Edwards David P.
Published: July 2023

Wildlife trade is a multibillion-dollar industry1targeting a hyperdiversity of species2and can contribute to major declines in abundance3. A key question is understanding the global hotspots of wildlife trade for phylogenetic (PD) and functional (FD) diversity, which underpin the conservation of evolutionary history4, ecological functions5and ecosystem services benefiting humankind6. Using a global dataset of traded bird and mammal species, we identify that the highest levels of traded PD and FD are from tropical regions, where high numbers of evolutionary distinct and globally endangered species in trade occur. The standardized effect size (ses) of traded PD and FD also shows strong tropical epicentres, with additional hotspots of mammalian ses.PD in the eastern United States and ses.FD in Europe. Large-bodied, frugivorous and canopy-dwelling birds and large-bodied mammals are more likely to be traded whereas insectivorous birds and diurnally foraging mammals are less likely. Where trade drives localized extinctions3, our results suggest substantial losses of unique evolutionary lineages and functional traits, with possible cascading effects for communities and ecosystems5,7. Avoiding unsustainable exploitation and lost community integrity requires targeted conservation efforts, especially in hotspots of traded phylogenetic and functional diversity.