bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antonin Artaud et la traversée du miroir : les glossolalies comme détournement de la psychanalyse
Authors: PHILIPPE MAXIME
Published: August 2024

Glossolalia, parts of an invented language that Antonin Artaud begins to include in his writings after 1943, are closely connected in their inception to his translation into French of Lewis Carroll’s
Through the Looking-Glass
. During this experience of translation, the mirroring situation of the art-therapy process in which Artaud is participating, allows him to oppose psychiatric practice and to challenge the definition of the subject that it tries to impose on him. Moreover, glossolalic parts reflect ironically psychiatric symptomatology, which draws from psychoanalytical theory. Both through his artistic experimentations and through his experience of psychiatric treatment, Artaud actually gained a relative knowledge about psychiatric and psychoanalytical theories. Therefore, this article argues that, in his comments about his translations, about his glossolalic parts or about his creative practice, he parodies these theories whose misconceptions he exposes and that he contradicts.
Multiple Clues for Dayside Aerosols and Temperature Gradients in WASP-69 b from a Panchromatic JWST Emission Spectrum
Authors: Schlawin Everett , Mukherjee Sagnick , Ohno Kazumasa , Bell Taylor J. , Beatty Thomas G. , Greene Thomas P. , Line Michael , Challener Ryan C. , Parmentier Vivien , Fortney Jonathan J. , Rauscher Emily , Wiser Lindsey , Welbanks Luis , Murphy Matthew , Edelman Isaac , Batalha Natasha , Moran Sarah E. , Mehta Nishil , Rieke Marcia
Published: August 2024

WASP-69 b is a hot, inflated, Saturn-mass planet (0.26 M
Jup) with a zero-albedo equilibrium temperature of 963 K. Here, we report the JWST 2–12 μm emission spectrum of the planet consisting of two eclipses observed with NIRCam grism time series and one eclipse observed with the MIRI low-resolution spectrometer (LRS). The emission spectrum shows absorption features of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide, but no strong evidence for methane. WASP-69 b’s emission spectrum is poorly fit by cloud-free homogeneous models. We find three possible model scenarios for the planet: (1) a scattering model that raises the brightness at short wavelengths with a free geometric albedo parameter; (2) a cloud-layer model that includes high-altitude silicate aerosols to moderate long-wavelength emission; and (3) a two-region model that includes significant dayside inhomogeneity and cloud opacity with two different temperature–pressure profiles. In all cases, aerosols are needed to fit the spectrum of the planet. The scattering model requires an unexpectedly high geometric albedo of 0.64. Our atmospheric retrievals indicate inefficient redistribution of heat and an inhomogeneous dayside distribution, which is tentatively supported by MIRI LRS broadband eclipse maps that show a central concentration of brightness. Our more plausible models (2 and 3) retrieve chemical abundances enriched in heavy elements relative to solar composition by 6× to 14× solar and a C/O ratio of 0.65–0.94, whereas the less plausible highly reflective scenario (1) retrieves a slightly lower metallicity and lower C/O ratio.
Oblique Electrostatic Solitary and Supersolitary Waves in Earth’s Magnetosheath
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Varghese Steffy Sara , Saini Nareshpal Singh , Kourakis Ioannis
Published: August 2024

Nonlinear electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) are routinely detected at various regions of Earth’s magnetosphere using the Wideband Data plasma wave receivers mounted on board the Cluster satellite(s). This mission has facilitated the observation and analysis of ESW characteristics, such as amplitude and temporal duration within the magnetosheath, while concurrently determining the density and temperature profiles of energetic electrons. These electron parameters, in conjunction with data from ion experiments, have served as input for the ion-acoustic solitary wave model developed in this article, with the ambition to contribute to the understanding of ESW generation mechanisms. Assuming as the starting point a plasma system comprising inertial ion fluid and kappa-distributed electron populations of different temperatures (i.e., “cold” and “hot” electrons), a nonperturbative approach has been adopted to investigate the existence and properties of solitary waves. A thorough parametric investigation has scrutinized the existence conditions for such localized structures in terms of the plasma configuration parameters. An interesting aspect emerges from the analysis, namely, the possibility for the coexistence of positive and negative polarity structures associated with ion-acoustic modes, in fact, manifested as simultaneously occurring positive polarity supersolitary waves and negative polarity regular solitary waves. Furthermore, our study has investigated the combined effect of the magnetic field strength, electron density, and suprathermal electron statistics on wave dynamics. The outcomes of this research are in agreement with observed electrostatic wave phenomena in the magnetosheath region, thus underscoring the intrinsic relevance of electrostatic supersolitary structures in data obtained by Cluster and other satellite missions.
Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Petrova Lora , Andreevska Kalina , Parvova Iva , Petkova Valentina
Published: August 2024

In recent years, incretin mimetics have become an important part of type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. We performed a literature search of scientific publications in MEDLINE and Central Library of Medicine databases by predefined keywords for the period 2004 to 2023 containing information for the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists. The systematic review is in accordance with the PRISMA standard and the PICOS tool. There is strong evidence to support the use of GLP-1 agonists in overweight or obese patients who have cardiovascular disease, impaired renal function or are at high risk of hypoglycaemia. The safety profiles of all representatives of this class are similar. Semaglutide and Tirzepatide demonstrated the highest efficacy in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) - 1.70% and 2.37%, respectively. We found the superiority of GLP-1 receptor agonists over other antidiabetic medicinal prodycts in terms of HbA1c reduction and weight loss without the risk of hypoglycemic episodes.
Analysis of Data Splitting on Streamflow Prediction using Random Forest
Authors: Puri Diksha , Sihag Parveen , Thakur Mohindra Singh , Jameel Mohammed , Chadee Aaron Anil , Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla
Published: August 2024

This study is focused on the use of random forest (RF) to forecast the streamflow in the Kesinga River basin. A total of 169 data points were gathered monthly for the years 1991–2004 to create a model for streamflow prediction. The dataset was allotted into training and testing stages using various ratios, such as 50/50, 60/40, 70/30, and 80/20. The produced models were evaluated using three statistical indices: the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the correlation coefficient (CC). The analysis of the models' performances revealed that the training and testing ratios had a substantial impact on the RF model's predictive abilities; models performed best when the ratio was 60/40. The findings demonstrated the right dataset ratios for precise streamflow prediction, which will be beneficial for hydraulic engineers during the water-related design and engineering stages of water projects.
Refined matrix completion for spectrum estimation of heart rate variability
Authors: Lu Lei , Zhu Tingting , Tan Ying , Zhou Jiandong , Yang Jenny , Clifton Lei , Zhang Yuan-Ting , Clifton David A.
Published: August 2024

Heart rate variability (HRV) is an important metric in cardiovascular health monitoring. Spectral analysis of HRV provides essential insights into the functioning of the cardiac autonomic nervous system. However, data artefacts could degrade signal quality, potentially leading to unreliable assessments of cardiac activities. In this study, we introduced a novel approach for estimating uncertainties in HRV spectrum based on matrix completion. The proposed method utilises the low-rank characteristic of HRV spectrum matrix to efficiently estimate data uncertainties. In addition, we developed a refined matrix completion technique to enhance the estimation accuracy and computational cost. Benchmarking on five public datasets, our model shows effectiveness and reliability in estimating uncertainties in HRV spectrum, and has superior performance against five deep learning models. The results underscore the potential of our developed matrix completion-based statistical machine learning model in providing reliable HRV spectrum uncertainty estimation.
A Virtual Reality Game to Promote the Role of a Healthy Diet in Male Reproduction
Authors: Bolognesi Elena , Moretti Elena , Masini Maurizio , Signorini Cinzia , Santalucia Vincenzo , Collodel Giulia
Published: August 2024

This paper presents gaming as an alternative way of transmitting information compared to traditional academic methods. New technologies provide an opportunity, and in particular, virtual reality gaming allows users to have an immersive, personifying, intuitive, and engaging experience useful in visualizing complex concepts. Questionnaires were administered to secondary school students to extrapolate relevant information regarding the role of diet on sperm quality following the experience of the virtual reality game “Oxistress.” This game allows participants to understand in a playful and recreational way how the presence of reactive oxygen species can damage spermatozoa and how adequate diet choices provide ammunition in the form of antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids to protect and repair spermatozoa. The results suggest that virtual reality (VR) may represent an important way to improve knowledge of scientific topics. Further studies will be necessary, involving larger populations with different basic knowledge as well as checks on whether the information acquired remains in memory after months.
Where Is the Teacher in Data Analytics in Education?
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Buu Cat , Karunaratne Thashmee
Published: August 2024

COVID-19 has changed the mindset of many teachers from traditional education to online education. The increased use of learning management systems is leveraging opportunities for increased use of learner data to draw insights about the learners and the learning environment. However, typically learners are the primary beneficiaries, while teachers are quite invisible in the research of data analytics in education, although both are equally important. Thus, this paper aims to position teachers in the spotlight by differentiating between these current two definitions of learning analytics (LA) and teaching analytics (TA) and evaluating the applicability and maturity of existing analytics solutions to support teachers in making decisions on teaching and learning. A systematic literature review was conducted in relevant scientific fields. The results showed clear evidence to distinguish TA from LA and that there are only a few TA solutions and frameworks that can be applied widely or in reality. Evaluating TA solutions and frameworks needs to be attentively considered. This paper also contributes a comprehensive TA process framework that encapsulates the missing elements in the previous models and adds the recent highlights raised in the fields. The implications for research and practice are also discussed.
A Hybrid-Transformer-Based Cyber-Attack Detection in IoT Networks
Authors: Al-Haboosi Imad Tareq , Bassant M. Elbagoury  , Salsabil El-Regaily  , El-Sayed M. El-Horbaty
Published: August 2024

The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) is significant in today’s world and opens up new opportunities for several organizations. IoT solutions are proliferating in fields such as self-driving cars, smart homes, transportation, and healthcare, and new services are constantly being created. Over the previous decade, society has seen a significant expansion in IoT connectivity. In reality, IoT connectivity will expand in a variety of domains over the next few years. Various problems must be overcome to permit effective and secure operations. However, growing connections increase the potential for cyber-attacks since attackers can exploit the broad network of linked devices. Artificial intelligence (AI) detects and prevents cyber assaults by constantly developing and adjusting to new threats and weaknesses. In this study, we offer a novel cyber-detection model for IoT networks based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) transformers. The study aims to enhance the system’s ability to identify and detect cyberattacks, new and sophisticated assaults, and its performance. The experimental study findings, using a new cybersecurity CICIoT2023 dataset, show that the CNN-Transformer model can detect IoT hazards with an overall accuracy of 99.49%. In identifying hazardous activity, MLP accuracy is 99.39%, while XGBoost-pipeline accuracy is 99.40%.
Ensemble CNN Model for Computer-Aided Knee Osteoarthritis Diagnosis
Authors: Bhateja Vikrant , Dubey Yatndeep , Maurya Navaneet , Yadav Vikash Kumar , Shrivastava Sarika , Azar Ahmad Taher , Haider Zeeshan , Amin Syed Umar , Khan Zafar Iqbal
Published: August 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifaceted ailment posing challenges in its diagnosis and treatment due to the intricate nature of the disease. Particularly, Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) significantly impacts the knee joint, manifesting through symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and limited movement. Despite its prevalence and debilitating effects, early detection of KOA remains elusive, often hindered by subjective diagnostic methods and the absence of reliable biomarkers. This research aims to address these challenges by leveraging deep learning techniques and ensemble methodologies for accurate KOA classification using knee X-ray images. This paper utilized a dataset sourced from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), comprising a large collection of knee X-ray images graded according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system. The proposed design methodology involves preprocessing the input X-ray images and training multiple pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, including ResNet50, InceptionResNetV2, and Xception to classify KOA severity grades. Additionally, this work introduced an ensemble model by combining predictions from these base models to improve overall performance of the Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the ensemble approach, outperforming individual algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and balanced accuracy. However, challenges persist in accurately distinguishing between adjacent KL grades, particularly grades#1 and #2, highlighting the need for further refinement. Notably, the proposed CAD model showcases superior predictive accuracy compared to various state-of-art methods, offering a promising avenue for early KOA diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies.
Flood Risk Level Analysis Based on Community Perception and Expert Team Perception
Authors: Febrianti Dian , Rinaldy Rinaldy , Mawardi Edi , Farizal Teuku , Satria Andrisman , Wilis Ruhelena
Published: August 2024

Floods that occur in Pasie Mesjid Village, Meurebo District, West Aceh Regency are increasing every year. This research was conducted to determine the risk factors that cause flooding and priority weights in an effort to minimize flood risk using the Likert Scale and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) methods. The results of research using the Likert scale method show the perception of the people of Pasi Mesjid Village who live in the riverbank area that they need to relocate. The results of public perception became recommendations for 3 expert teams on Water Resources (SDA) PUPR, BPBD (Regional Disaster Management Agency) and the Expert Team from the Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Teuku Umar University), by determining the priority weight for overcoming flood problems using the AHP method. Based on the research results, the analysis of the two methods shows that relocation is the most important thing in flood management efforts in Pasie Mesjid Village
Student Perceptions of the Undergraduate Learning Process
Authors: Savitri E. A. , Novitasari A. , Arfiyanti M. P. , Romadhoni .
Published: August 2024

No abstract available
Characterization of Turbo, a TLR Ligand-based Adjuvant for Glycoconjugate Vaccines
Authors: Alugupalli Kishore R
Published: August 2024

Many bacterial polysaccharide vaccines, including the typhoid Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) and tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate (MCV4) vaccines, do not incorporate adjuvants and are not highly immunogenic, particularly in infants. I found that endotoxin, a TLR4 ligand in ViPS, contributes to the immunogenicity of typhoid vaccines. Because endotoxin is pyrogenic, and its levels are highly variable in vaccines, I developed monophosphoryl lipid A, a nontoxic TLR4 ligand–based adjuvant named Turbo. Admixing Turbo with ViPS and MCV4 vaccines improved their immunogenicity across all ages and eliminated booster requirement. To understand the characteristics of this adjuvanticity, I compared Turbo with alum. Unlike alum, which polarizes the response toward the IgG1 isotype, Turbo promoted Ab class switching to all IgG isotypes with affinity maturation; the magnitude of this IgG response is durable and accompanied by the presence of long-lived plasma cells in the mouse bone marrow. In striking contrast with the pathways employed by alum, Turbo adjuvanticity is independent of NLPR3, pyroptotic cell death effector Gasdermin D, and canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation mediated by Caspase-1 and Caspase-11, respectively. Turbo adjuvanticity is primarily dependent on the MyD88 axis and is lost in mice deficient in costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40, indicating that Turbo adjuvanticity includes activation of these pathways. Because Turbo formulations containing either monophosphoryl lipid A or TLR2 ligands, Pam2CysSerLys4, and Pam3CysSerLys4 help generate Ab response of all IgG isotypes, as an adjuvant Turbo can improve the immunogenicity of glycoconjugate vaccines against a wide range of bacterial pathogens whose elimination requires appropriate IgG isotypes.
When ‘Discharge Against Medical Advice’ (DAMA) rhymes with potential child neglect: a 10-year analysis in a tertiary care center
Authors: Sadler Kim , Albalawi Mohammed Merazeeq , Abudari Gassan , Khan Saadiya , Alhuthil Raghad Tariq , Alyami Hamad Hussain , AlHarbi Atheer Hani , Badran Rakan Hazem , Balhmar Abdulaziz Omar
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Taking into account parents’ privileged knowledge of their children, clinicians trust them to make the best decisions for their care. However, sometimes, their choices may appear misaligned with the child’s best interest, such as when “Discharge Against Medical Advice” (DAMA) occurs. In some instances, a DAMA will rhyme with a form of child maltreatment.

Method

This retrospective study analyzes all pediatric cases of DAMA presenting red flags for medical neglect from a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia over 10 years (January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022). The red flags were: 1) being an infant, 2) being vitally or clinically unstable, 3) refusing potential life-saving treatments, 4) presenting signs of physical, sexual, emotional abuse, or neglect, or 5) anticipating long-term consequences to forgo treatments. Data were retrieved from medical records.

Results

A total of 159 cases were identified with 47.2% females and a median age of 3.6 years. 57.9% were under 5 years. At baseline, 26.4% were medically free, and 73.6% had a significant or chronic illness. The most frequent reason for the encounter was an elective admission (44%). The most frequent red flag for neglect identified during DAMA was being “vitally or clinically unstable” (72.2%).

Conclusion

Clinicians may feel hesitant to disagree with parental care decisions which may make them worry as it may affect the trust between them. However, children are vulnerable, and all efforts should be made to ensure they get the required care. At times, this involves contacting Child Protection Services.
A Randomized Comparative Study of Ultrasound-guided Femoral Nerve Block Versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for Reducing Pain Associated with Positioning for Spinal Anesthesia in Patients with Proximal Femur Fracture
Authors: Bansal Kanupriya , Khandelwal Mamta , Beniwal Sonali , Darshan N. , Bhat Shilpa , Choudhary Rajbala
Published: August 2024

Context:

Peripheral nerve blocks are widely accepted as the gold standard for providing perioperative and postoperative analgesia in lower limb surgeries.

Aims:

This study aimed to determine which block is better in terms of onset of action among ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block (USG FNB) and ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block (USG FICB) for positioning for spinal anesthesia in patients operated for proximal femur fracture and find the total duration of analgesia, total consumption of rescue analgesics, and complications.

Settings and Design:

This was a prospective, randomized, comparative, interventional, single-blinded study.

Subjects and Methods:

Patients in Group A (n = 43) were administered USG FNB with 15 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine and patients in Group B (n = 43) were administered USG FICB with 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine. The primary objective was to find out which nerve block was better in reducing pain associated with a sitting position for spinal anesthesia, and the secondary objective was to find the difference in the mean time of first rescue analgesia.

Statistical Analysis:

Data analysis was done using the Student’s t-test and Chi-square tests.

Results:

Before block administration, patients in Group A had a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of 7.65 ± 0.75, and patients in Group B had a VAS score of 7.79 ± 0.74 (P = 0.389). The primary objective was to achieve VAS < 3. It was 3 min in Group A and 5 min in Group B (P = 001). The secondary objectives were the duration of postoperative analgesia in Group A was 330.58 ± 28.16 min and in Group B was 482.33 ± 19.89 min (P < 0.001). The mean value of tramadol consumption in 24 h in both the study groups was comparable (P = 1.000). The anesthesiologist satisfaction score, patient satisfaction score, and proportion of side effects in both study groups were comparable.

Conclusion:

USG FICB is more efficacious. Although the onset of action delays by 2 min, it provides longer postoperative analgesia compared to USG FNB.
Nutritional assessment in the elderly on chronic haemodialysis in subsaharan Africa
Authors: Mbengue Mansour , Kane Mariéme , Om’ndus Carolyn K. , Keita Niakhaleen , Diagne Seynabou , Tshabayembi Jatt , Sow Ibrahima , Kitane Cheikh M. F. , Faye Maria , Lemrabott Ahmed Tall , Ka El Hadji Fary , Niang Abdou
Published: August 2024

Background

Nutritional disorders and metabolic dysfunctions are numerous and common in chronic kidney disease. They frequently lead to malnutrition, however, these complications are worsened as chronic kidney disease progresses and becomes more significant at the dialysis stage. The aim of this study was to compare nutritional assessment according to the Seven-Point Subjective Global Assessment with that according to anthropometric parameters in elderly people on hemodialysis.

Patients and Methods

This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study over 1 month from 01 August 2020 to 31 August 2020 in 10 hemodialysis centers in Dakar, in elderly people on chronic hemodialysis. Nutritional assessment was performed according to Seven-Point Subjective Global Assessment and anthropometric parameters.

Results

There were 92 patients included, 52 women and 40 men. The mean age of the patients was 66.05 ± 5.48 years. Anorexia was present in 48.91% of patients. The average body mass index was 23.75 ± 3.77 kg/m². The average body fat percentage was 34.99 ± 5.32%. The mean brachial circumference was 28.49 ± 3.99 cm. The mean brachial muscle circumference was 21.85 ± 3.14 cm. With 7-point SGA assessment, there were 14.10% of patients with mild to moderate malnutrition and no patients with severe malnutrition. In bivariate analysis, the 7-point SGA was correlated with the presence of anorexia (P = 0.001), body mass index (P = 0.001), brachial muscle circumference (P = 0.030), and brachial circumference (P = 0.010).

Conclusion

We found that Seven-Point Subjective Global Assessment was correlated with anthropometric parameters for nutritional assessment in elderly people on hemodialysis.
Malnutrition among Egyptian hemodialysis patients: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed M. , ElKazaz Amr M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Malnutrition commonly affects hemodialysis (HD) patients. Malnourished HD patients have increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition among Egyptian hemodialysis patients.

Material and methods

This is a cross-sectional study carried out on ESRD patients with regular HD. All participants were subjected to detailed history taking and complete physical examination. Assessment of nutritional status was done using subjective global assessment (SGA). Anthropometric measures included mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skin fold (TSF), and body mass index (BMI) assessment.

Results

One hundred thirty patients with a mean age of 55.2 ± 12.6 years, completed the study. The mean duration of HD was 4.51 ± 3.68 years. The mean SGA was 12.1 ± 3.9. Malnutrition was present in 34 (26.2%) patients [mild to moderate (23.8%), severe (2.4%)]. Patients had a mean BMI of 25.69 ± 4.5 kg/m2, a mean MAC of 25.9 ± 4.9 cm, and a mean TSF of 18.1 ± 8.9 mm. There was a significant negative correlation between malnutrition and mid arm circumference and serum Na with P value of 0.003 and 0.012, respectively. Patients with malnutrition had a significantly longer duration on HD (P=0.004), lower Kt/V (P=0.040), lower serum albumin (P=0.007), lower BMI (P=0.002), less MAC (P=0.002), less TSF (P=0.002).

Conclusions

Malnutrition is common in HD patients with a significant inverse correlation with mid arm circumference and serum Na. Malnourished patients had a longer duration on HD, lowered serum albumin, BMI, dialysis adequacy and anthropometric measures.
Diagnostic Clinical Tool in Trauma Patients to Rule out Thoracolumbar Fracture
Authors: Atique Sajid , Mekkodathil Ahammed , Siddiqui Tariq , Mathradikkal Saji , Ahmed Khalid , Al-Ani Mushreq , Kanbar Ahad , Alaieb Abubaker , Hakim Suhail , Younis Basil , Ajaj Ahmed , Guerrero Aldwin , Masood Maarij , Khoschnau Sherwan , Hammo Abdel Aziz , Abdurraheim Nuri , Abdelrahman Husham , Peralta Ruben , Nabir Syed , Al-Hilli Shatha , El-Menyar Ayman , Al-Thani Hassan
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The primary objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the clinical decision tool (CDT) in trauma patients, providing a comparable ability to rule out thoracolumbar (TL) fractures as traditional imaging methods. The goal is to facilitate early clearance of the TL spine without an immediate requirement for radiological tests, thereby minimizing unnecessary utilization of TL-spine imaging.

Methods:

A prospective, observational study was conducted on trauma patients with suspected TL injury. To achieve early TL clearance, the CDT assessed criteria such as absence of pain, tenderness, and pain-free axial movement and flexion. The study enrolled alert trauma patients with thoracic and/or lumbar spine injuries, defined by the Glasgow Coma Scale of 15. The study excluded patients not aligning with CDT criteria, such as those who received intravenous opioid analgesia within 4 h and those unable to stand due to suspected pelvic or lower limb injuries.

Results:

Following the completion of the CDT steps, there were 31 true negative cases, signifying the absence of TL fractures according to both CDT and imaging studies. The sensitivity of the CDT was 99.38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 96.59%–99.98%), specificity 9.1% (95% CI: 6.30%–12.73%), negative predictive value (NPV) 96.87% (95% CI: 81.02%–99.56%), positive predictive value (PPV) 34.19% (95% CI: 33.38%–35.00%), negative likelihood ratio (LHR) 0.07 (95% CI: 0.01–0.49), and positive LHR 1.09 (95% CI: 1.06–1.13). The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, negative LHR, and positive LHR varied with each step in the CDT. Notably, the overall sensitivity was high; however, the stepwise sensitivity decreased, albeit with an improvement in specificity with each further step in the tool. The overall sensitivity in the study cohort (n = 500) was high; however, the stepwise sensitivity decreased, albeit with an improvement in the specificity.

Conclusions:

The CDT to rule out TL fracture is a feasible bedside stepwise tool in fully awake trauma patients after a thorough clinical neurological examination on arrival. The tool could help Level II or III trauma centers avoid secondary triage to the higher center.
Role of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Singh Gurvinder , Aloona Satpal , Bains Maneesh , Bains Rajneesh
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of mean platelet volume (MPV) in 50 AKI patients. Blood samples were collected according to KDIGO guidelines, and complete blood counts, including MPV, were analyzed. Significant differences in MPV were observed among patients who recovered with or without dialysis and those who expired. A statistically significant difference was present in between the mean platelet count of patients recovered without dialysis, recovered with dialysis, and the expired patients. The Area Under Curve (AUC) for MPV scores was as high as 0.842. Indicating that in up to 84% of the pairs (death-survival) the models correctly estimated that the probability of survival was higher than that of death. MPV had an optimum cutoff point of score value <9.60 with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 91.11%. These findings suggested that MPV could serve as a cost-effective and superior tool to creatinine in early AKI detection.
Knowledge, Attitude, Beliefs, and Practice Related to Concussion Injury Among Sports Physical Therapists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Almansour Ahmed M. , Alamri Mohammed A. , Alrashdi Naif Z. , Miraj Mohammad
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:

Sport-related concussions (SRC) are estimated to affect more than 55 million individuals annually. Physical therapists ought to have fundamental knowledge regarding the evaluation and treatment of SRC. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the physical therapists regarding SRC management in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

The cross-sectional study enrolled 83 sports physical therapist who had atleast undergraduate degree and above in physical therapy from Riyadh region. The participants who worked outside the Riyadh region were excluded. A validated adopted questionnaire was used to evaluate the outcome measures.

Results:

The study showed that sport physical therapists have a good understanding and knowledge about concussions having 3.91 ± 0.98 scores on the five-point Likert scale. In addition, participants were able to recognize concussion signs and symptoms correctly; however, they felt that they lacked confidence to make a decision regarding return to play.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed important knowledge gaps regarding the utilization of concussion severity scales, management of youth concussion, and/or the use of neurological imaging modalities for diagnosing concussion cases.
Assessment of Long-Term Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Authors: Gabhale Sanjay D. , Bagrecha Mahavir Satishchand , Dash Mitali , Sheikh Zeeshan , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Imran Rangraze , Satheesh Tharini
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory condition portrayed by persistent airflow limitation and correlated symptoms. Despite advances in treatment, COPD remains a significant global health burden, necessitating ongoing research to understand its long-standing impact on pulmonary function and quality of life (QoL).

Methods:

This longitudinal research enrolled 200 COPD and followed them over a 5-year period. Baseline assessments included spirometry to measure forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), along with standardized questionnaires assessing QoL. Follow-up assessments were conducted annually, and statistical analysis was performed to examine changes in pulmonary function and QoL over time.

Results:

Significant declines in FEV1 and FVC were observed at each follow-up time point compared to the baseline, indicating progressive deterioration in lung function. QoL scores, as assessed by the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire and the COPD Assessment Test, also worsened progressively over the research period.

Conclusion:

Current conclusions underscore the progressive nature of COPD, highlighting the importance of proactive management strategies aimed at preserving lung function and improving QoL. Early intervention and ongoing monitoring are essential in optimizing outcomes for COPD subjects and reducing the disease burden on individuals and healthcare systems.
Impact of Parental Involvement on Child Compliance During Dental Procedures
Authors: Bagavathy Kala , Pratiksha  , Bhanawat Nilesh , Mukundan P.E. , Nasyam Fazil A. , Mujoo Sheetal , Syed Afroz K.
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Effective management of child behavior during dental procedures is crucial for successful treatment outcomes and promoting oral health. Parental involvement has been recognized as a key factor influencing child compliance in various healthcare settings, but its specific impact on child compliance during dental appointments remains understudied.

Methods:

A cross-sectional clinical research involving 100 children scheduled for routine dental treatments. Parental involvement was categorized as high, moderate, or low based on the level of parental presence and interaction during the dental appointment. Child compliance was assessed using a validated behavior rating scale, evaluating factors such as cooperation, anxiety, and disruptive behavior during the dental procedure. Statistical analysis, including correlation analysis and ANOVA, was performed to determine the association between parental involvement and child compliance.

Results:

The results revealed a significant correlation between parental involvement and child compliance (P < 0.05). Children with high levels of parental involvement demonstrated greater compliance during dental procedures compared to those with moderate or low levels of parental involvement. Specifically, children with high parental involvement exhibited lower levels of anxiety, reduced disruptive behavior, and greater cooperation with the dental team.

Conclusion:

This research provides evidence of the positive impact of parental involvement on child compliance during dental procedures in pediatric patients. Higher levels of parental presence and interaction were associated with improved child behavior and cooperation, highlighting the importance of parental involvement in promoting positive oral health behaviors and facilitating successful dental treatments. These findings underscore the need for tailored interventions targeted at enhancing parental involvement and optimizing child compliance in the dental setting.
Comparative Evaluation of Clinical and Microbiological Assessment of Caries Excavation Using Conventional, Smart Bur, Chemomechanical Method and ErCr:YSGG Laser
Authors: Kini Annapoorna , Kothari Prerana , Sujith R. , Shetty Nithin , Varughese Blesy K. , Kasargod Sheetal C.
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Caries removal efficacy in terms of microbiological burden using Tungsten Carbide Bur No. 330, Polymer bur, BRIX 3000, and ErCr:YSGG Laser.

Methods:

Class I open dentinal caries was selected and divided into four groups (n = 15) depending on caries excavation methods. Group I: Tungsten carbide (TC) No 330-bur; Group II: Polymer bur (Smart bur); Group III: Brix 3000 gel; Group IV: Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er:Cr:YSGG) laser. Two samples of carious material, before and after caries excavation, were taken and cultured on blood agar plates. Multiple comparison of mean CFUs/ml between different groups was done using Dunn’s post
hoc test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:

Group I showed significantly lesser mean CFUs/ml followed by Group IV as compared to Group II and Group III.

Conclusion:

Within the parameters and limitations of the present study, ErCr:YSGG laser can be a helpful aid as a minimally invasive method of caries excavation.
Exploring the Link between Sleep Disorders and Ocular Health: A Comprehensive Clinical Study
Authors: Deepankar  , Kumar Sunil , Mahato Rohit K. , Kiran Neha
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Sleep disorders and ocular conditions are prevalent health concerns with significant impact on the quality of life. However, the relationship between them remains underexplored. Additionally, therapeutic interventions targeting both sleep and eye health are explored.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 500 participants aged between 30 and 65 years, recruited from an outpatient clinic specializing in sleep disorders and ophthalmology. Participants underwent comprehensive assessments including polysomnography for sleep disorders diagnosis and ophthalmic examinations for ocular condition evaluation. Sleep quality was assessed using standardized questionnaires, while ocular health was evaluated through clinical examination, including measurements of intraocular pressure, tear film break-up time, and retinal imaging. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression models to determine associations between sleep disorders and ocular conditions, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results:

Among the participants, 35% were diagnosed with sleep apnea, 25% with insomnia, 20% with dry eye syndrome, 15% with glaucoma, and 10% with diabetic retinopathy. Significant associations were found between sleep disorders and ocular conditions. Participants with sleep apnea were more likely to have dry eye syndrome (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8–3.4, P < 0.001) and glaucoma (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3–2.5, P = 0.002). Similarly, insomnia was associated with dry eye syndrome (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5–3.1, P < 0.001) and diabetic retinopathy (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.3, P = 0.012).

Conclusion:

This study highlights the significant association between sleep disorders and ocular conditions, suggesting a potential bidirectional relationship.
Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Periodontal Dressings: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Akhter Fatema
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Periodontal dressings play a crucial role in post-operative management of periodontal surgeries by protecting surgical sites and promoting wound healing. Biocompatibility evaluation is essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these materials. This study aims to assess the biocompatibility of periodontal dressings through an in vitro approach.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, three commercially available periodontal dressings were evaluated for their biocompatibility. The Dressings were Dressing A: Coe-Pak™ Dressing B: Barricaid® and Dressing C: PeriAcryl®. Human gingival fibroblast cells were cultured and exposed to extracts of the dressings using the MTT assay to assess cell viability. Additionally, cell morphology and attachment were observed under a microscope. The experiment was conducted in triplicate for each dressing.

Results:

The MTT assay revealed that Dressing A exhibited the highest cell viability with an absorbance value of 0.8 ± 0.1, followed by Dressing B with a value of 0.6 ± 0.2 and Dressing C with a value of 0.5 ± 0.1. Microscopic analysis showed normal cell morphology and attachment in cells exposed to Dressing A and Dressing B extracts, while cells exposed to Dressing C exhibited slight detachment and irregular morphology.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that Dressing A and Dressing B demonstrate favorable biocompatibility profiles, as evidenced by higher cell viability and normal cell morphology.
Assessing the Impact of Different Levels of Parental Involvement in the NICU on Neonatal Outcomes and Parental Mental Health
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Das Kiran Shankar , Ranjan Abhishek , Sahu Shyam Sundar , Lakra Priya Shalini , Kumar Abhijit
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Parental involvement in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been recognized as crucial for neonatal outcomes and parental mental health.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted, involving 300 neonates admitted to the NICU over 1 year. Parental involvement was categorized into three levels: high, moderate, and low, based on the frequency and intensity of parental participation in neonatal care. Neonatal outcomes including the length of hospital stay, incidence of complications, and parental mental health outcomes measured through standardized scales were compared among the three groups.

Results:

Neonates with high parental involvement had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay (mean difference = 5 days, P < 0.001) compared to those with moderate or low involvement. Complication rates were also lower in the high involvement group (20%) compared to moderate (35%) and low (45%) involvement groups. Parental mental health scores were the highest in the high involvement group (mean score = 75), followed by moderate (mean score = 60) and low (mean score = 45) involvement groups.

Conclusion:

Higher levels of parental involvement in the NICU are associated with improved neonatal outcomes and better parental mental health.
Diet and Caries-associated Bacteria in Severe Early Childhood Caries An In vitro Study
Authors: Pidamale Raghavendra , Chauhan Prem S. , Singh Raghavendr , Imran MD , Prakash Roopan , Kuppusamy Kasthuripriya
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) is a prevalent oral health issue among young children, often associated with specific caries-associated bacteria. This in vitro study investigates the impact of diet on the growth and activity of caries-associated bacteria in S-ECC.

Materials and Methods:

Plaque samples of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species were procured from laboratory. The samples were exposed to different dietary conditions, including high-sugar, high-carbohydrate, and control diets. The growth kinetics of caries-associated bacteria, including S. mutans and Lactobacillus species, were monitored using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and colony-forming unit (CFU) assays.

Results:

Under high-sugar conditions, the growth of S. mutans increased by 50% compared to the control group, as evidenced by qPCR analysis. Lactobacillus species also exhibited a significant increase in CFU counts in response to high-carbohydrate diets, showing a 40% rise compared to controls.

Conclusion:

This in vitro study highlights the influence of diet on the proliferation of caries-associated bacteria in severe early childhood caries. High-sugar and high-carbohydrate diets contribute to the growth and activity of S. mutans and Lactobacillus species, exacerbating the progression of dental caries in affected children.
Assessing the Efficacy of Early versus Late Orthodontic Intervention in the Management of Class II Malocclusion: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Kaje Ramya , Rashme Rashme , Manimegalan Priya , Vundela Rajashekar R. , Saidalavi Shahanaz K , Jadhav Avantika Vijaysingh
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Class II malocclusion is a common orthodontic issue characterized by the excessive protrusion of the upper teeth relative to the lower teeth. Early intervention during mixed dentition has been advocated to guide skeletal growth and potentially reduce the severity of malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:

A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of early (before the pubertal growth spurt) versus late (after the pubertal growth spurt) orthodontic intervention in managing Class II malocclusion. A cohort of 100 patients diagnosed with Class II malocclusion was divided into two groups: early intervention group (n = 50) and late intervention group (n = 50). Treatment outcomes including changes in overjet, molar relationship, and cephalometric measurements were assessed before and after orthodontic treatment.

Results:

In the early intervention group, the mean reduction in overjet was 5.2 mm (SD = 1.3), while in the late intervention group, it was 3.8 mm (SD = 1.6). The improvement in molar relationship was greater in the early intervention group (mean change = 4.5 mm, SD = 1.1) compared to the late intervention group (mean change = 3.1 mm, SD = 1.4). Cephalometric analysis revealed significant differences in skeletal and dental parameters between the two groups, with greater improvements observed in the early intervention group.

Conclusion:

Early orthodontic intervention shows superior efficacy in managing Class II malocclusion compared to late intervention. Early treatment leads to greater reductions in overjet, improvements in molar relationship, and favorable changes in skeletal and dental parameters. These findings underscore the importance of timely orthodontic intervention, particularly during the mixed dentition stage, for optimal management of Class II malocclusion.
Prevalence and Pattern of Mandibular Condensing Osteitis Lesions in Saudi Population at Qassim Region
Authors: Abdelhafeez Manal M. , Alrasheed Felwah M.
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Condensing osteitis (CO) is a common radiopaque lesion observed in the jaws, often detected incidentally on panoramic radiographs. Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of CO is essential for early detection and appropriate management.

Objective:

To determine the prevalence and characteristics of condensing osteitis among the Saudi population in the Qassim region.

Methods:

A retrospective study was conducted using 876 digital panoramic radiographs. The presence of CO was identified based on specific radiographic features, and data were collected regarding gender, age, lesion localization, lesion shape, and associated dental status.

Results:

The prevalence of CO was found to be 2.3% (n = 20) in the study population, with a higher predilection in females (1.4%) compared to males (0.9%). The most commonly affected age group was 30–39 years for males and 10–19 and 30–39 years for females. The mandibular molar region was predominantly affected (90%), with a ‘U’ shape observed in 55% of the lesions. Root canal treatment was the most commonly associated dental status (75%), followed by deep caries (20%) and large restorations (5%).

Conclusion:

The study highlights a 2.3% prevalence of CO in the Saudi population of the Qassim region, with a higher predilection in females and a predominant localization in the mandibular molar region. Dental practitioners should be vigilant in identifying CO, especially in at-risk populations, to facilitate timely diagnosis and appropriate management.