bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consideration of hydraulic limitations in setting the mode parameters of combined piercing the holes
Authors: Vasilevskaya Svetlana
Published: November 2019

The paper considers the hydrodynamic limitations in the combined machining, caused by the non-rigidity of the tubular cathode-tool. It is shown that increasing the inertia moment of the cathode-tool cross section is possible only in decreasing the diameter of the hole for pumping the electrolyte. It should be noted that reducing the diameter of the hole increases the hydrodynamic losses of the electrolyte flow in the hydraulic path and, as a result, leads to a significant reduction in the range of the mode regimes. Thus, to implement the combined piercing of deep holes of small diameter, it is necessary to quantify the hydrodynamic limitations in using the tubular cathode-tool of significant length to establish the mode parameters.
Determination of system connections of hot rolled steel sheet manufacturing process
Authors: Shiriaeva Elena , Polyakova Marina
Published: November 2019

System analysis is used to state links between input and output parameters of any technical system taking into consideration flows of material, energy, and information. This approach makes it possible to find effective ways for improvement of technical system parameters. The paper presents results of system analysis application for multioperational technological process steel sheet of hot rolling. Structural scheme of metal sheet hot rolling process is presented based on principles of system analysis. Hot rolling technological operations such as workpiece heating, hot rolling, cooling, and coiling are presented as subsystems. Due to the obtained schemes metal sheet parameters are stated which have to be controlled during each technological operation of hot rolling technological process. The obtained results can be used as the basics for mathematical modeling of steel sheet hot rolling operation in order to get the final product with the required set of properties.
Tumorrisiken nach Organtransplantation
Authors: Thorban Stefan , Matevossian Edouard
Published: November 2019

Seit Beginn der Organtransplantation in Deutschland vor fast 40 Jahren steigt die Zahl der Langzeittransplantierten und damit das Tumorrisiko für die Empfänger. Tumorgenese und Tumorinzidenz bei verschiedenen Tumorentitäten werden insbesondere unter dem Aspekt der Langzeitimmunsuppression untersucht. Notwendige Screeningverfahren, Prävention und Risikofaktoren bei den einzelnen Tumortypen werden analysiert sowie Therapieempfehlungen untersucht. Im Gespräch mit dem Patienten sind der Verlust der Lebensqualität mit einem möglichem Transplantatverlust unter der Therapie gegenüber der zu erwartenden Lebenserwartung zu erörtern.
Extremitätentransplantation
Authors: Enechukwu Anieto Onochie Matthias , Mett Tobias R. , Vogt Peter M. , Krezdorn Nicco
Published: November 2019

Die Entwicklung der letzten 20 Jahre hat die technischen wie immunologischen Voraussetzungen geschaffen, komplexe Rekonstruktionen amputierter Extremitäten mittels allogener Transplantation möglich zu machen. Dabei sind diese Eingriffe inzwischen aus dem Stadium eines experimentellen therapeutischen Eingriffs zu einer klinisch etablierten Rekonstruktionsmöglichkeit erwachsen. Aufgrund der lebensqualitätsspendenden, aber nicht lebensrettenden Natur dieser Eingriffe müssen die möglichen Risiken und Komplikationen, die aus einem solchen Eingriff erwachsen, sowie der lebenslang notwendigen Immunsuppression, kritisch und individuell evaluiert werden. Aus diesem Grund ist die Indikation auch nur bei Patienten mit bilateraler Verletzung zu stellen. Eine erfolgreiche Transplantation kann den Patienten jedoch dann eine deutliche Verbesserung der sensorischen und motorischen Fähigkeiten mit relevanter Verbesserung der Lebensqualität ermöglichen und sollte daher als Therapieoption bei selektiven Patienten mitbedacht werden.
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease of the stomach – a challenging differential diagnosis in suspected gastric cancer
Authors: Probst Andreas , Schaller Tina , Sommer Florian , Geissler Bernd , Agaimy Abbas , Messmann Helmut , Märkl Bruno
Published: November 2019

Background Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) can involve different organs and is diagnosed by a combination of clinicopathological features, including storiform fibrosclerosis infiltrated by numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells that frequently forms tumor-like lesions with or without associated obliterative phlebitis. Involvement of the stomach is rare and can occur as part of a multiorgan involvement of IgG4-RD or as isolated gastric involvement.

Case report We report 2 female patients with therapy-refractory gastric ulcers associated with gastric wall thickening and lymphadenopathy that were highly suggestive of gastric cancer or lymphoma. Biopsies failed to confirm a diagnosis, and IgG4-RD was diagnosed only after surgical resection in both patients. The previous literature on gastric IgG4-RD is summarized and shows different characteristics in patients with multiorgan IgG4-RD and isolated gastric IgG4-RD. As reported for autoimmune pancreatitis type 1, patients with multiorgan IgG4-RD are mainly elderly men with frequently elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. In contrast, isolated gastric IgG4-RD predominantly affects female patients with normal serum IgG4 levels. Surgical resection is commonly performed due to the clinical suspicion of malignancy and the absence of findings indicative of IgG4-RD on biopsy. Today, diagnosis is confirmed histopathologically only after resection.

Conclusion IgG4-RD should be taken into account when gastric malignancy is suspected endoscopically or radiologically and biopsies fail to confirm the presence of a malignancy (especially subepithelial tumors or refractory gastric ulcers). Serum IgG4 concentrations are insufficient to confirm localized gastric IgG4-RD. Diagnostic workups need to be improved to avoid unnecessary surgical resections with the attendant potential morbidity and mortality.
Laccaridione C, a Bioactive Polyketide from the Fungus
Montagnula sp.
Authors: Almeida Celso , Mackenzie Thomas Andrew , González-Menéndez Víctor , de Pedro Nuria , Pérez-Victoria Ignacio , Crespo Gloria , Martín Jesús , Genilloud Olga , Vicente Francisca , Cautain Bastien , Reyes Fernando
Published: November 2019

The new polyketide laccaridione C (1) was obtained by bioassay-guided
isolation of organic extracts of the fungal strain CF-223743, isolated from dung
collected in a forest of Grand Comoros Island. Its structure was established
using spectroscopic methods, namely HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR. The new compound was
tested against seven cancer cell lines, evidencing effective activity against
melanoma (A2058) with an IC50 of 13.2 µM, and an
increased activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) with an IC50 of
3.7 µM. The strain CF-223743 was taxonomically identified as
Montagnula sp. based on ITS/28S analysis
Room-Temperature, Base-Mediated Selective Synthesis of 2-(Arylamino)ethanols and 2-Aryloxyethanols
Authors: Sonawane Rahul B. , Sonawane Swapnali R. , Rasal Nishant K. , Jagtap Sangeeta V.
Published: November 2019

A simple and efficient protocol for base-mediated selective synthesis of 2-(arylamino)ethanols from primary aromatic amines and 2-aryloxyethanols from phenols, promoted by K2CO3 has been achieved under mild conditions. Even in presence of excess alkyl halide, selective mono-N-alkylation has been achieved. Tolerance of a variety of functional groups is demonstrated by 15 examples of selective N-alkylation of aromatic amines and 19 examples of O-alkylation of phenols. The efficacy of the protocol is demonstrated by the formal synthesis of Ticlopidine­®, Vildagliptin®, Quetiapine®, and Gemfibrozil®.
Clinical Tolerance of In-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Administration of Rotavirus Vaccine
Authors: Briggs-Steinberg Courtney , Aboudi David , Hodson Gabrielle , Shah Shetal
Published: November 2019

Objective This article determines the tolerance of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)-based administration of RV5 in premature infants. This article also aims to compare the rate of clinically significant adverse events after RV5 immunization to the standard 2-month shot series and to historical controls who were not immunized.

Study Design This is a retrospective case–control study of 201 premature infants immunized with RV5. Infants were evaluated for clinically significant events 7 days before and after immunization and were compared with events after the 2-month shot series and to 189 historical controls. Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar's test were used for all paired analysis.

Results There was no increase in number of infants with clinically significant adverse events when comparing after RV5 to prior to RV5, after the 2-month shot series, or to the historical controls.

Conclusion RV5 is well tolerated in premature infants and does not result in clinically significant adverse events when administered in NICU-hospitalized infants.
Acute Kidney Injury is Associated with Poor Lung Outcomes in Infants Born ≥32 Weeks of Gestational Age
Authors: Starr Michelle C. , Boohaker Louis , Eldredge Laurie C. , Menon Shina , Griffin Russell , Mayock Dennis , Askenazi David , Hingorani Sangeeta ,   on behalf of the Neonatal Kidney Collaborative
Published: November 2019

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between acute kidney injury (AKI) and lung outcomes in infants born ≥32 weeks of gestational age (GA).

Study Design Secondary analysis of infants ≥32 weeks of GA in the assessment of worldwide acute kidney injury epidemiology in neonates (AWAKEN) retrospective cohort (n = 1,348). We used logistic regression to assess association between AKI and a composite outcome of chronic lung disease (CLD) or death at 28 days of age and linear regression to evaluate association between AKI and duration of respiratory support.

Results CLD occurred in 82/1,348 (6.1%) infants, while death occurred in 22/1,348 (1.6%); the composite of CLD/death occurred in 104/1,348 (7.7%). Infants with AKI had an almost five-fold increased odds of CLD/death, which remained after controlling for GA, maternal polyhydramnios, multiple gestations, 5-minute Apgar's score, intubation, and hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 4.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2–7.4; p < 0.0001). Infants with AKI required longer duration of respiratory support (count ratio = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.23, p = 0.003) and oxygen (count ratio = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.22–1.68, p < 0.0001) compared with those without AKI.

Conclusion AKI is associated with CLD/death and longer duration of respiratory support in infants born at ≥32 weeks of GA. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the pathophysiologic relationship.
Proportion of Retinopathy of Prematurity That Was Treated across Regions in the United States
Authors: Cayabyab Rowena G. , Song Ashley , Ramanathan Rangasamy , Friedlich Philippe , Lakshmanan Ashwini
Published: November 2019

Objectives Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading preventable cause of blindness in children worldwide. Major eye and visual problems are strongly linked to ROP requiring treatment. Objectives of the study are to: (1) evaluate the trends and regional differences in the proportion of treated ROP, (2) describe risk factors, and (3) examine if treated ROP predicts mortality.

Study Design Retrospective data analysis was conducted using the Kids' Inpatient Database from 1997 to 2012. ROP was categorized into treated ROP (requiring laser photocoagulation or surgical intervention) and nontreated ROP. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results Out of 21,955,949 infants ≤ 12 months old, we identified 70,541 cases of ROP and 7,167 (10.2%) were treated. Over time, the proportion of treated ROP decreased (p = < 0.001). While extremely low birth weight infants cared for in the Midwest was associated with treated ROP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 29.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.64–79.34), black race (aOR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.51–0.64) care for in the birth hospital (aOR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.41–0.48) was protective. Treated ROP was not associated with mortality.

Conclusion The proportion of ROP that is surgically treated has decreased in the United States; however, there is variability among the different regions. Demographics and clinical practice may have contributed for this variability.
Method and apparatus for measuring the stability of large lateral transfer retroreflectors through a single optical port
Authors: Bakalski Ivelin , Lyons James , Sinha Pranay
Published: November 2019

Achieving precise alignment between spatially separated optical axes is a challenging problem in optical applications such as boresighting, rangefinding, laser tracking, and optical beam delivery. The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) developed for NASA’s Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite-II (ICESat-2) mission launched in 2018 was one such application where the alignment of the transmitter laser beam to the receiver telescope is critical for the operation of the instrument. This paper discusses a novel approach for verifying the stability of high-precision beam pointing in the conditions of the Thermal Vacuum (TVAC) test, developed for ATLAS testing at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. It includes a method and an optical assembly that enables measuring tiny variations in the pointing of the beams of a large lateral transfer retroreflector through a single optical access port such as a TVAC chamber window. The method can be applied for verifying the alignment of optical beams separated by extended distances of tens of meters in vacuum.
Don’t go chasing artificial waterfalls: Artificial line limits and cascading failures in power grids
Authors: Bourne J. , O’Sullivan A. , Arcaute E.
Published: November 2019

Research on cascading failures in power-transmission networks requires detailed data on the capacity of individual transmission lines. However, these data are often unavailable to researchers. Consequently, line limits are often modeled by assuming that they are proportional to some average load. However, there is scarce research to support this assumption as being realistic. In this paper, we analyze the proportional loading (PL) approach and compare it to two linear models that use voltage and initial power flow as variables and are trained on the line limits of a real power network that we have access to. We compare these artificial line-limit methods using four tests: the ability to model true line limits, the damage done during an attack, the order in which edges are lost, and accuracy ranking the relative performance of different attack strategies. We find that the linear models are the top-performing method or are close to the top in all the tests we perform. In comparison, the tolerance value that produces the best PL limits changes depending on the test. The PL approach was a particularly poor fit when the line tolerance was less than two, which is the most commonly used value range in cascading failure research. We also find indications that the accuracy of modeling line limits does not indicate how well a model will represent grid collapse. The findings of this paper provide an understanding of the weaknesses of the PL approach and offer an alternative method of line-limit modeling.
Decomposition characteristics of C4F7N/CO2 mixture under AC discharge breakdown
Authors: Zhang Boya , Li Chenwei , Xiong Jiayu , Zhang Ziyue , Li Xingwen , Deng Yunkun
Published: November 2019

Recently, the C4F7N/CO2 mixture has been highly considered as a promising SF6 alternative due to its low greenhouse effect and excellent electrical performance. Apart from its dielectric strength and arc-quenching capability, the decomposition characteristics of C4F7N/CO2 also play an important role in its future applications in gas-insulated electrical equipment. Therefore, decomposition experiments of the C4F7N/CO2 mixture were carried out under multiple AC discharge breakdowns by using a needle-to-plate electrode configuration. The compositions of the gas mixture before and after breakdowns were detected by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The results show that a trace amount of C3HF7 exists in the C4F7N product; the decomposition of the C4F7N/CO2 mixture mainly produces CO, CF4, CO2, C2F4, C2F6, C3F8, CF3CN, C3F6, C4F6, C4F10, C2F5CN, C2N2, HCN, C2F3CN, and HF. As the number of breakdowns increases, the content of most decomposition products increases significantly, while the content of C3HF7 decreases. The possible formation pathways of the decomposition products were determined, and the corresponding reaction enthalpies were calculated by quantum chemistry calculation. Relevant results not only reveal the decomposition characteristics of C4F7N/CO2 under AC breakdowns but also help us to better understand the corresponding physicochemical mechanisms, which will provide a good reference for stable operation and safe maintenance in applications.
Crosstalk in microwave SQUID multiplexers
Authors: Mates J. A. B. , Becker D. T. , Bennett D. A. , Dober B. J. , Gard J. D. , Hilton G. C. , Swetz D. S. , Vale L. R. , Ullom J. N.
Published: November 2019

Low-temperature detector technologies provide extraordinary sensitivity for applications ranging from precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background to high-resolution, high-rate x-ray, and γ-ray spectroscopy. To utilize this sensitivity, new instruments are being built, and new instruments are imagined, with ever greater pixel counts, but the scale of these instruments is limited by the capability of the readout electronics. Microwave SQUID multiplexing addresses the needs of these future instruments, exploiting gigahertz of bandwidths of coaxial cables and broadband components to combine hundreds to thousands of signals on a single readout line. A key feature of any multiplexer is the level of crosstalk between input channels. This crosstalk can degrade the sensitivity of the instrument, introduce systematic error, or simply confound data analysis. In this letter, we explain the primary mechanisms of crosstalk in a microwave SQUID multiplexer, calculate and measure their magnitude, and consider their effect and methods of mitigation.
Viscoelastic and dynamic properties of polymer grafted nanocomposites with high glass transition temperature graft chains
Authors: Peng Wei , Ranganathan Raghavan , Keblinski Pawel , Akcora Pinar , Ozisik Rahmi
Published: November 2019

The viscoelastic and dynamic properties of dynamically asymmetric polymer-grafted nanocomposites (PGNs) are studied via molecular dynamics simulations. The model PGN is made up of two chains having a large glass transition temperature (Tg) difference, where the grafted chains have the higher Tg. The viscoelastic and dynamic properties were studied at temperatures between the Tgs of the graft and matrix polymers as a function of the average brush height. Simulation results showed that the static and dynamic properties of the glassy brush played an important role in reinforcing the overall nanocomposite. Although the bare nanofiller containing nanocomposite showed increased shear storage moduli compared to the neat low-Tg polymer, PGNs presented the greatest increases in the shear storage modulus. In addition, the shear storage modulus increased with increasing average brush height, reaching a maximum value at the brush height limit. Analysis of the simulation results revealed that the reinforcement of the shear storage modulus was mainly related to the slowing down of the dynamics of matrix polymer chains. The following mechanisms were identified that were responsible for this effect: (i) High-Tg grafted chains act as obstacles for matrix polymer chains. (ii) With increasing average brush height, grafted and matrix chains form a well-mixed morphology at the nanofiller interface, which leads to further slowing down of the matrix chain dynamics. (iii) Finally, at the brush height limit, grafted chains form a stiff and immobile percolated network, which leads to the observed maximum in the shear storage modulus.
Scalable and customizable arbitrary waveform generator for superconducting quantum computing
Authors: Lin Jin , Liang Fu-Tian , Xu Yu , Sun Li-Hua , Guo Cheng , Liao Sheng-Kai , Peng Cheng-Zhi
Published: November 2019

Superconducting quantum processors are manufactured based on a semiconductor process, which makes qubit integration possible. At the same time, this kind of qubit exhibits high-performance fidelity and decoherence time and requires a programmable arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). This paper presents the implementation of an AWG with a sampling rate of two-gigabit samples per second as well as 16-bit vertical resolution digital-to-analog converters. The AWGs are designed for a scaled-up usage scenario by integrating them with separate microwave devices onto a single backplane. A special waveform sequence output controller is designed to realize seamless waveform switching and arbitrary waveform generation. The jitter of multiple AWG channels is around 10 ps, and the integral nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity are both about 2 least significant bits. This customizable AWG has been used in several superconducting quantum processors, and the result of multiple qubits’ measurement verifies that the AWG is qualified for controlling tens of superconducting qubits.
Three-dimensional simulation of tracer transport dynamics in formations with high-permeability channels or fractures: Estimation of oil saturation
Authors: Khirevich Siarhei , Patzek Tadeusz W.
Published: November 2019

We simulate flow and dispersion of tracers in three-dimensional fractured geometries obtained with Voronoi tessellations. “Fractures” are generated and discretized using a parallel in-house code. These “fractures” can also be regarded as the high-permeability flow paths through the rock or a network of the “super-k” channels. The generated geometry contains multiply-connected matrix and fracture regions. The matrix region represents a porous rock filled with solid, water, and oil. Tracers diffuse in both regions, but advection is limited only to the fractures. The lattice-Boltzmann and random-walk particle-tracking methods are employed in flow and transport simulations. Mass-transfer across the matrix–fracture interface is implemented using the specular reflection boundary condition. Tracer partitioning coefficients can vary among the tracer compounds and in space. We use our model to match a field tracer injection test designed to determine remaining oil saturation. By analyzing the time-dependent behavior of the fully resolved, three-dimensional “fracture”–matrix geometry, we show that the industry-standard approach may consistently overestimate remaining oil saturation. For a highly heterogeneous reservoir system, the relative error of the field-based remaining oil estimates may exceed 50%.
Vortex shedding patterns in flow past a streamwise oscillating square cylinder at low Reynolds number using dynamic meshing
Authors: Raut Harshal S. , Dixit Harish N.
Published: November 2019

We present a two-dimensional numerical study for uniform flow past a streamwise oscillating square cylinder at a Reynolds number of 200. To overcome the limitations with an oscillating inlet flow as used in earlier studies, a dynamic meshing feature is used to oscillate the cylinder. A parametric study is carried out by varying amplitude and frequency of cylinder oscillation. Two symmetric modes, named here as S-II-I and S-IV-D, have been found. In S-II-I mode, a pair of vortices are shed symmetrically on each side of the cylinder in one cycle (S-II mode), and in S-IV-D mode, two pairs of vortices of opposite sense are shed on each side of the cylinder. A vortex flapping mode has also been obtained for low to moderate amplitude and frequency ratios. A new mode of vortex shedding termed the “vortex dipole” mode is found and involves the alternate arrangement of vortex pairs unlike the zigzag arrangement of single vortices in a Kármán vortex street. As in most nonlinear oscillators, vortex shedding becomes chaotic when forced sufficiently strongly and is usually associated with nonlinear interactions between competing frequencies. Many modes observed in the current study become chaotic when the peak cylinder velocity becomes comparable with the inlet velocity. The 0-1 test for chaos is applied to the time series of lift coefficient to show that the signals are truly chaotic. We also observe chaos due to mode competition when shedding transitions from an antisymmetric to symmetric modes.
Temperature field model and control strategy in gravity casting process
Authors: Fan Qigao , Zhuang Xiangpeng , Zhu Yixing , Li Yueyang , Xie Linbo , Pan Peng , Peng Ran
Published: November 2019

Temperature control is one of the most important processes during aluminum (Al) alloy engine cylinder head product casting. An improper temperature control may result in no uniformity and microstructure defects in casting parts and give rise to high defect ratio. In this paper, a mathematical model with high nonlinearity, strong coupling, and less uncertainty is developed for the solidification process in Al alloy casting. The interfacial heat transfer coefficient is combined with the mold structure comprehensively to build the temperature-structure model, and the characteristics of the uncertainty conversion are also used in order to achieve optimal temperature control during the solidification process. The cloud model integrated with Proportion-Integral-Differential (PID) temperature control system enables evaluation of the uncertainty conversion quantitatively. By inputting the temperature error and the temperature error rate, the PID inference is output through the cloud inference engine to achieve the optimal temperature curve. The superiority of the control algorithm was verified on a customized experimental platform with the temperature control system. Compared with manual operation and traditional PID control, the result shows that the error of the cloud model control is lower than the manual operation and traditional PID control. The experimental results also suggest that the performance of our cloud model is better than that of the manual operation model and the traditional PID control model regarding to stability and controllability.
Millimeter/sub-mm spectroscopy of the CrBr radical in the high spin X6Σ+ state
Authors: Herman T. J. , Keogh J. P. , Ziurys L. M.
Published: November 2019

The millimeter/submillimeter spectrum of the CrBr radical has been recorded in the frequency range of 220–300 GHz using direct absorption techniques, utilizing a new instrumental design. This study is the first spectroscopic investigation of this radical species by any method. CrBr was synthesized in a DC discharge by the reaction of chromium vapor, produced in a Broida-type oven, with Br2CH2 in argon. Six to nine rotational transitions were measured for four isotopologues of this molecule in their natural abundances, 52Cr79Br, 52Cr81Br, 53Cr79Br, and 53Cr81Br. Each transition was found to consist of six distinct fine structure components, indicating a 6Σ+ ground electronic state, as observed for CrF and CrCl. Lines originating in the v = 1 and 2 vibrational states were recorded for 52Cr79Br and 52Cr81Br as well. The spectra were analyzed using a Hund’s case (b) Hamiltonian, and rotational, spin-spin, and spin-rotation parameters were determined. The third-order spin-rotation constant γs and the fourth order spin-spin term θ were necessary for the analysis; these parameters are thought to play a role in states with high multiplicities. Equilibrium parameters were also derived for the CrBr; a bond length of re = 2.337 282 (30) Å and a vibrational constant of ωe ≅ 300 cm−1 were determined. The sign and magnitude of the spin-spin and spin-rotation constants suggest the presence of nearby 4Π and 6Π excited states in CrBr, lying ∼9000 cm−1 above the ground state. The new instrument design, employing more compact, free-space optics utilizing an offset ellipsoidal mirror, facilitated these measurements.
The effects of multipactor on the quality of a complex signal propagating in a transmission line
Authors: Wong Patrick Y. , Lau Y. Y. , Zhang Peng , Jordan Nicholas , Gilgenbach Ronald M. , Verboncoeur John
Published: November 2019

Multipactor is a much studied resonant AC discharge that is harmful to microwave components and circuits. There is substantial current interest in this topic because of its threat to satellite communications. In this paper, an analytical transmission line model is presented to assess the effects of multipactor, should it happen, on the distortion of a signal. The model is applicable to any input signal (analog or digital) once the electron multipactor current it causes is specified. Examples using planar and coaxial transmission lines are given on a simple dynamical model of the multipactor current. Single and multitone signals are treated, with some results presented in the In-phase and Quadrature plots.
Shear-induced non-monotonic viscosity dependence for model red blood cell suspensions in microvessels
Authors: Liao Chih-Tang , Chen Yeng-Long
Published: November 2019

The cell-free layer thickness of an aggregating red blood cell (RBC) suspension in a rectangular microchannel is investigated by hybrid fluid-particle numerical modeling. Several factors affect the suspension viscosity, cell-free layer thickness, and the cell aggregate distribution. These include the hematocrit, vessel size, red cell stiffness, aggregation interaction, and shear rate. In particular, the effect of the shear rate on the cell-free layer thickness is controversial. We found that the suspension viscosity increases along with a decrease in the cell-free layer thickness as the shear rate increases for aggregating model RBCs at low shear rates. At moderate to high shear rates, the cell-free layer thickness increases with the increasing shear rate from medium to strong shear flow for both 10% and 20% red blood cell suspensions.
Picosecond electron trapping limits the emissivity of CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Lai Runchen , Wu Kaifeng
Published: November 2019

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as enabling materials for optoelectronics and photonics. A parameter essential for these applications is the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of these NCs. Despite being generally conceived as “defect-tolerant,” perovskite NCs often have PL QYs significantly lower than unity, particularly for CsPbCl3 NCs with QYs typically lower than 10%. Postsynthetic treatments by (pseudo)halide salts were found to effectively improve the PL QYs, but the exact role played by the treatments (i.e., passivating electron and/or hole trapping sites) remains unclear. Here, we performed a side-by-side comparison between as-prepared and treated CsPbCl3 NCs using transient absorption and time-resolved PL measurements of sub-ps time resolution. We clearly identify ps electron trapping as the dominant channel impairing the PL QYs of as-prepared CsPbCl3 NCs. Electron trapping is effectively alleviated in the halide salt treated NCs. These insights should allow for rational improvement of the emissivity of perovskite NCs for the above-mentioned applications.
Single molecule force spectroscopy of a streptomycin-binding RNA aptamer: An out-of-equilibrium molecular dynamics study
Authors: Baptista Luis A. , Netz Paulo A.
Published: November 2019

Here, we investigate the unfolding behavior of a streptomycin-binding ribonucleic acid (RNA) aptamer under application of force in shear geometry. Using Langevin out-of-equilibrium simulations to emulate the single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) experiment, we were able to understand the hierarchical unfolding process that occurs in the RNA molecule under application of stretching force and the influence of streptomycin modifying this unfolding. Subsequently, the application of the Jarzynski equality to the force profiles obtained in the pulling simulations shows that the free energies for individual systems and the difference of unfolding free energy upon streptomycin binding to the RNA free aptamer are in fair agreement with the experimental values, obtained through SMFS by Nick et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B 120, 6479 (2016)].
Characterization of Sc/Mg multilayers with and without Co barriers layers for x-ray spectroscopy in the water window range
Authors: Jonnard Philippe , Wu Meiyi , Le Guen Karine , Giglia Angelo , Koshmak Konstantin , Huang Qiushi , Zhang Zhe , Wang Zhanshan , Estève Imène , Menguy Nicolas , Doisneau Béatrice
Published: November 2019

We characterize the nanoscale periodic Sc/Mg two-layer, Sc/Mg/Co trilayers, and the Sc/Co/Mg/Co quadrilayer designed as dispersive elements for x-ray spectroscopy in the nitrogen K range (390 eV). The samples are prepared by magnetron sputtering with Mg and Sc layers being a few nanometers thick and Co layers being of subnanometric thickness. We apply nondestructive (x-ray reflectivity and x-ray fluorescence in a standing wave mode) and destructive (transmission electron microscopy) techniques to obtain a relevant description of the deposited stacks. It turns out that a strong interdiffusion takes place in the two-layer leading to poor reflective properties. Interdiffusion also occurs in the trilayers and quadrilayer but between the Sc and Co layers. These systems can be considered as periodic ScCo/Mg two-layers with well-defined layers. As a consequence, the Sc/Co/Mg/Co multilayer is found interesting to use for spectroscopy as a reflectance of 32% is expected in the N K range in the water-window range.
Magnetic shield provides field stability for ultracold atomic gas experiments
Authors: Gasparini Allison
Published: November 2019

In ultracold atomic physics, precision experiments require low-magnetic-noise environments. This magnetic shield reduces noisy environmental magnetic field by 5 orders of magnitude.
Molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance gene YrH922 in a derivative of wheat (Triticum aestivum)–Psathyrostachys huashanica
Authors: Fang Zhengwu , Sun Cai , Lu Tao , Xu Zhi , Huang Wendi , Ma Dongfang , Yin Junliang
Published: November 2019

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Erikss (Pst), is one of the most damaging diseases in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) globally. Breeding for genetic resistance is the most effective, economical and ecologically sustainable method to control the disease. The wheat line H922-9-12, developed from a cross between Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng and T. aestivum, was highly resistant to nine Pst races in tests at the seedling stage. To characterise and map the stripe rust resistance gene(s) in H922-9-12, segregating populations were developed by crossing H922-9-12 with the susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169. When tested with Pst race CYR34, the stripe rust resistance in H922-9-12 was shown to be controlled by a single dominant gene, provisionally designated YrH922. A linkage map was constructed with five simple sequence repeat, six expressed sequence tag (EST) and two sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers. YrH922 was located on chromosome 3BL and was 2.7 and 3.4 cM proximal to EST-STS (sequence-tagged site) markers BE517923 and BE471045, respectively. The flanking marker BE517923 in marker-assisted selection for the gene can be used to improve stripe rust resistance on breeding programs.
Education of the medical profession to facilitate delivery of transgender health care in an Australian health district
Authors: Arora Maansi , Walker Kaete , Luu Judy , Duvivier Robbert J. , Dune Tinashe , Wynne Katie
Published: November 2019

Transgender individuals who desire medical transition need to access care through their local healthcare system. This is the first study to explore the perceptions of the community and attitudes of healthcare providers towards the delivery of transgender health care in an Australian context. An anonymous survey was conducted of trans and gender-diverse community members; and physicians and trainees in the Hunter New England Local Health District of New South Wales, Australia. Community members were surveyed about their healthcare experiences. Medical students, GPs and hospital physicians were surveyed on their attitudes towards the delivery of transgender health care before and after a 1-h education session that included the lived experience of a community member. Community members expressed a need for increased education for healthcare providers in transgender medicine. Following the intervention, significantly more healthcare providers felt confident to facilitate transgender health care for adults, adolescents and children; and more healthcare providers agreed that medical and surgical treatment should be offered to transgender patients if desired. The positive safety profile of treatment was felt to be the most persuasive factor for the provision of care. Healthcare providers identified a need for health education in transgender medicine; easy access to evidence-based resources; and local referral pathways as key strategies to improving transgender health care.
Perspectives on the development and incorporation of assisted reproduction in the equine industry
Authors: Squires E. L.
Published: November 2019

Marked changes in equine breeding technologies have occurred over the past 25 years. Although there have been numerous reviews on assisted reproduction techniques for horses, few publications include the acceptance and impact of these techniques on the horse industry. In this review, several techniques are discussed, with an emphasis on how they developed in the horse industry and altered equine reproductive medicine. Embryo transfer has become a widely used technology, allowing multiple foals to be produced per year. Embryos can be collected, cooled or frozen, and shipped to a distant facility for transfer into recipient mares. Failure to obtain embryos from some mares stimulated the development of oocyte collection and transfer. Oocyte technologies became more practical when intracytoplasmic sperm injection was developed in the early 2000s. There are now facilities across the world that routinely produce embryos invitro. Cryopreservation of oocytes has lagged because of limited success, but embryo cryopreservation is commonplace. Techniques such as sex-sorted semen, superovulation and genetic diagnosis of embryos are not widely used, and they will require more development before they are established in the horse industry in a cost-efficient manner.
Effects of the root morphological characteristics of different herbaceous species on soil shear strength and soil anti-scourability in the dry-hot valley region of South-western China
Authors: Zhang Su , Xiong Dong-hong , Wu Han , Yuan Yong , Liu Lin , Li Wan-xin , Su Zheng-an
Published: November 2019

Planting vegetation in the dry-hot valley region of South-western China has proven to be an effective measure for controlling the development of gullies. However, the mechanisms responsible for this effectiveness remain unclear. In this study, five plots, each containing a different herbaceous species, were chosen to explore the effects of their root morphological characteristics on soil shear strength and soil anti-scourability. Our results showed a significant difference among the root morphological characteristics of the five species. In addition, the soil shear strengths of the vegetated plots were greater than that of the bare plot. This study demonstrated a significant positive correlation for root weight density among the different plots. Moreover, the runoff sediment was logarithmically related to time, and the root volume density was linearly related to soil anti-scourability, although exponentially related to soil detachment rate. These findings improve the understanding of the effects of different root morphological characteristics on soil shear strength and soil anti-scourability. We expect that these research results will provide a theoretical background for further study of plant species selection during the practice of soil and water conservation in the dry-hot valley region of South-western China.
‘Matt & Mrs Connor is with me now. They are only beginning to learn the work of the camp’
Authors: Amador-Moreno Carolina P.
Published: November 2019

The history of Ireland has been shaped by emigration. During the most intensive period of migration, many Irish travelled to
North America, but considerable numbers were also destined for other parts of the world, including Latin America. During the nineteenth
century, Argentina became one of the Latin-American destinations, with 40–45,000 Irish emigrants settling there (Murray 2004). Many of those settlers kept in touch with family and friends through letters that can now be studied for
linguistic purposes. The letters, which are part of the Corpus of Irish English Correspondence, provide interesting insights
into how Irish English (IrE) was preserved in a non-English speaking environment, sometimes for generations. The descendants of these settlers
gradually switched to Spanish, and transfer features from Spanish are attested in the corpus.

Taking a historical sociolinguistic perspective, this chapter analyses the presence of some IrE features in the correspondence
produced by the Irish-Argentines, and it raises some issues in relation to how borrowing can be an indicator of the creation of new language
identities in an post-colonial context. The chapter also draws attention to the value of emigrant letters for the study of language variation
and change.
Grammatical variation in nineteenth-century Irish Australian letters
Authors: Hickey Raymond
Published: November 2019

A large section of the early settler population in Australia came from Ireland and many of these individuals wrote back home
reporting on conditions in the colony and/or advising relatives and friends on emigration. This private correspondence shows a large number
features known from present-day vernacular varieties of Irish English but also some features which have disappeared in the meantime. Given the
authenticity of the letters examined here an investigation is particularly useful when tracing the development of specific features in the past two centuries.
Virtually all such features were not adopted into the emerging supraregional form of Australian English, the precursor of the present-day
homogenous variety. One of the main assumptions here is that the specifically Irish features were stigmatised as indexical of low-status
emigrants and hence avoided by following generations Irish-descent Australians.
When constructions meet context
Authors: Lu Wei-lun
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the synchronic polysemy of the Mandarin construction hai. Drawing on authentic and contextualized examples of spoken language, I propose that hai prototypically functions as an indicator that the ensuing proposition refers back to some relevant presupposition in prior discourse, which is either explicitly stated or inferable. With this contrastive alignment of two propositions, the reading of hai as ‘temporal continuance’ emerges naturally by way of pragmatic inferencing. In other words, I demonstrate that the various meanings identified in previous studies arise from an interplay between hai’s schematic sense and discourse pragmatics. This study presents not only a unified account for the synchronic polysemy of hai, but also has significance for the study of constructions in discourse.
A corpus-based study of subjectification and the disposal construction in modern Mandarin
Authors: Li Yuchen , Liu Zhengguang
Published: November 2019

The BA construction, also known as the ‘disposal’ construction, is a morphosyntactic phenomenon unique to the Chinese language. Based on the findings of a collexeme analysis of corpus data and in line with subjectification proposed by Langacker, we provide evidence that the BA-pattern and the BA-GE-pattern constitute different constructions and we uncover the dynamic processes of meaning change regarding the concept of ‘disposal’ in the two constructions. The BA construction does indeed focus on the description of disposal events, whereas, in the BA-GE construction, the objective meaning of ‘disposal’ is backgrounded and the speaker’s subjective perspective becomes foregrounded. Such changes in conceptual construal demonstrate the importance of subjectification, a crucial cognitive tool in the construction of meaning and syntactic structure.
Spanish and Palenquero
Authors: Lipski John M.
Published: November 2019

The Afro-Colombian creole language Palenquero, spoken in the village of San Basilio de Palenque, has been in contact with its historical lexifier, Spanish, for several centuries. The lexicons of the two languages are more than 90% cognate, including complete identity (based on the local vernacular variety of Spanish) and predictable phonological modifications resulting from the historical development of Palenquero in contact with Kikongo and other Central African languages, in addition to some less predictable correspondences. Previous research has demonstrated that Palenquero-Spanish bilinguals are influenced by key grammatical items in on-line (real-time) identification of the language of an utterance (all-Spanish, all-Palenquero, or mixed). The present study examines the role of regular Palenquero-Spanish phonotactic correspondences in facilitating language identification by Palenquero-Spanish bilinguals. Three experiments provide data: a single-word language identification task, an on-line rapid language identification task, and an on-line processing task in which participants signal points of transition between Palenquero and Spanish. The results point to a subtle but real role for Palenquero-Spanish phonological predictability in language identification, with enhanced importance for young L2 Palenquero speakers. More generally, the observations are relevant to other revitalization efforts that involve a minority language substantially cognate with the dominant language. The data from L2 Palenquero speakers suggest that sociophonetic awareness can aid in bootstrapping emergent grammatical competence in the minority language.
Au sujet d’une nouvelle histoire littéraire francophone transnationale
Authors: Cedergren Mickaëlle
Published: November 2019

This article considers the Francophone literary canon based on a transnational reception study. It focuses
on the circulation of French language literature within the Swedish academic system during the last thirty years. A longitudinal
empirical study of bachelor and doctoral dissertations in French between 1986 and 2016 allows the author to examine the dynamics
of canon formation and renewal, as well as the role of universities in this process, particularly in regard to the creation of a
canon of Francophone literary works. In response to recent scholarly anthologies which have debated the Francophone canon, this
study is able to confirm the existence of Francophone classics. Finally, it is argued that further reception studies focusing on
areas outwith the Francophone literary system will be of prime importance if the question of the Francophone canon is to be fully
assessed beyond the immediate context of the Hexagone.
Free NPs as units in Finnish
Authors: Helasvuo Marja-Liisa
Published: November 2019

This article focuses on free NPs, i.e. noun phrases that are grammatically not part of any clause but form units of their own. Using the methodology of discourse-functional and interactional linguistics, I analyze the morphosyntactic, prosodic and interactional features of free NPs in conversational Finnish. With its rich morphological marking, Finnish provides an interesting perspective on free NPs: Morphosyntactic features, together with semantics, are crucial in determining the status of an NP as a clausal constituent or a free NP. The prosodic analysis shows that the majority of free NPs show clear prosodic boundaries, signalled for example by speaker change, coherent intonation contour, pause or pitch reset. Free NPs serve various interactional functions, such as making assessments or disambiguating referents. These are functions which operate on something already established in the discourse. Free NPs, however, can also initiate something new for example by making requests or introducing new topics.