bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Komposisi Soundtrack Epic “You See Big Girl” Karya Hiroyuki Sawano dalam Serial Animasi Attack on Titan
Authors: Muliani Metta
Published: April 2022

Action-fantasy merupakan genre yang diproduksi secara lebih meluas dalam industri perfilman dan cenderung menggunakan musik cinematic yang mampu menggambarkan suasana dan emosi pada dunia imajiner dalam film tersebut. Pemilihan You See Big Girl sebagai objek penelitian dikarenakan penataan musik cinematic yang megah, kesesuaiannya mengiringi suasana pertarungan pada narasi, juga sebagai musik mandiri yang dinikmati terlepas dari perannya mengiringi adegan. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis teknik pengolahan komposisi soundtrack You See Big Girl dengan mendeskripsikan elemen musik epic di dalamnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur, studi diskografi, dan observasi, serta pendekatan dengan teori Lehman dan Derrick Werlé untuk menganalisis elemen-elemen musik epic. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa You See Big Girl merupakan salah satu karya musik epic dengan penggunaan instrumen yang berkaitan dengan pertarungan dan peperangan, serta membangun peningkatan ketegangan dari suatu bagian ke bagian berikutnya melalui poliritmik, aksen marcato, big crescendo, sekuen, sudden silence yang mengakhiri periode kalimat, ostinato, dan abstract theme, untuk menggambarkan suasana megah, semangat, aksi pertarungan dan peperangan, serta kesan hebat melalui musiknya.AbstractEpic Soundtrack Composition Analysis "You See Big Girl" Works by Hiroyuki Sawano in Animated Series Attack on Titan. Action-fantasy are some movie genres that has the most expansive franchises in film industry and tend to use cinematic music to correlate the atmosphere and emotions of the movie’s imaginary universe. The analysis of You See Big Girl is due to its majestic cinematic music arrangement, its suitability in accompanying the battle scene, and also can be enjoyed as an independent track despite of its role in accompanying the scene. This qualitative descriptive research aims to analyze the musical composition technique by describing the epic musical element. This research contains of literature study, discography, and observation as the research methods, along with the approach of Lehman and Derrick Werlé’s examine on epic music to analyze the epic element. The result shows that the You See Big Girl is one of the various epic music with the use of battle and war instrument, as well as tension built gradually from a section to the following by the use of polyrhythm, marcato accent, big crescendo, sequence, sudden silence to ends the musical phrase, ostinato, and abstract theme, to portray a majestic, vibrant, war and battle scene, and the greatness through the music.Keywords: analysis; composition; animation; epic soundtrack; You See Big Girl
Kondakting Divertimento dalam F Mayor K.138 Karya W. A. Mozart
Authors: Garibaldi Pipin , Indrawan Andre
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini membahas kondakting sebagai interpretasi pertunjukan gerakan pertama Divertimento K.138 dalam F mayor karya Mozart. Penelitian ini didasarkan atas pengalaman mengajar mata kuliah kodakting pada program sarjana musik di Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan, Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta, sebagai permasalahan penelitiannya. Melalui observasi, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa beberapa mahasiswa dan lulusan kelas ini, bahkan yang telah berperan sebagai konduktor ternyata memiliki pemahaman yang tidak tepat tentang fungsi kondakting. Masalah pertama dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana mahasiswa dapat memperoleh pemahaman interpretasi yang lebih baik tentang Divertimento K.138 karya Mozart melalui analisis skor. Masalah kedua, bagaimana merancang implementasi pelaksanaan yang efektif untuk praktik kondakting. Penelitian ini berada dalam ruang lingkup penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan metode musikologi. Penelitian ini secara khusus mengungkapkan bahwa meskipun karya ini memiliki sukat 4/4 (common time) untuk penyajiannya, beberapa tempat pada skor ini perlu didekati dengan sukat duple time, atau pada aba-aba dua per dua. Penggunaan simbol panah yang mengarah secara vertikal dan horizontal di atas skor dapat membantu konduktor untuk mengionterpretasikan penyajian karya ini melalui gerakan kondakting yang efektif.AbstractThis study discusses conducting as a performance interpretation of the first movement of Mozart's Divertimento K.138 in F major. This study took a teaching experience in the conducting class at the undergraduate music program at the Faculty of Performing Arts, Yogyakarta Indonesian Institute of the Arts, as its research problems. Through observation, this study found that students of the class and its graduates, who have experience as a conductor, have an incorrect understanding of the conducting function. The first problem of this study is how students could gain a better understanding of Mozart's Divertimento K.138 through a score analysis. The second is how to design an effective conducting implementation for the work. The scope of this study is within the qualitative research by utilizing the musicological method approach. This research especially reveals that although this work requires a common time for its performance, several places in this score need to approach with the duple time direction, or on cue two by two. The use of arrow symbols pointing vertically and horizontally above the score can help conductors interpret this work's performance through effective conducting movements.Keywords: conducting analysis; Divertimento K.138; Mozart
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL ENHANCEMENT IN A BAFFLED RECTANGULAR CHANNEL WITH DIFFERENT FORMS OF OUTLET
Authors: Saha Sandip , Narayan Das Apurba , Raut Santanu
Published: April 2022

Analysis of the influence of different forms of channel outlet on the heat exchange hydro-thermal characteristics over a rectangular channel embedded with trapezoidal baffle has been made in this paper. Four different forms of the outlets, viz., (I) an outlet similar to the inlet (case-A), (II) two outlets in the upper and lower parts of the exit section (case-B and case-C) and (III) an outlet of length equal to 45% of the inlet (case-D) have been considered. The impact of the outlets has been investigated from the numerical standpoint using computational fluid dynamic software FLUENT, for a two-dimensional model. The results indicate that the thermal exchange rate substantially increases due to the presence of baffles and depends on the form of the outlet. Moreover, the present investigation shows that the position of the outlet and the mixing of nano-particles in the base fluid plays a significant role in the improvement of thermal exchange.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE SPARSE MATRICES STORAGE ROUTINES FOR LARGE FEM CALCULATIONS
Authors: Stevanović Dragoljub , Topalović Marko , Živković Miroslav
Published: April 2022

Efficient memory handling is one of the key issues that engineers and programmers face in developing software for numerical analysis such as the Finite Element Method. This method operates on huge matrices that have a large number of zero coefficients which waste memory, so it is necessary to save it and to work only with non-zero coefficients using so called "SPARSE" matrices. Analysis of two methods used for the improvement of "SPARSE" matrix creation is presented in this paper and their pseudo code is given. Comparison is made on a wide range of problem sizes. Results show that "indexing" method is superior to "dotting" method both in memory usage and in elapsed time.
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS OBSERVATION OF DISCRETENESS OF THE MASS DISTRIBUTION DURING NANOSCALE FRAGMENTATION
Authors: Mastilović Sreten
Published: April 2022

Molecular dynamics simulations of the rigid-anvil collision test are performed by using a two-dimensional computational setup that mimics the traditional ballistic Taylor test. In this extensively utilized computational setup, the slender nanoscale projectiles collide with a rigid wall with hypersonic striking velocities ranging from 3 km/s to 30 km/s. The projectiles used in these simulations are flat-ended, monocrystalline, nanoscale bars prepared at zero temperature. The Poisson hyper-exponential distribution with the logarithmic binning is used to capture the fragment mass (size) distribution under the constraint of the relatively small specimen size 15×100 nm. The objective is to highlight the occurrence of certain discreteness of the fragment mass distribution observed both in time (during the fragment debris evolution) and across the striking velocity field (for the final fragmentation states that correspond to the stationary distributions).
EXPERIMENTAL ELECTROCHEMOTHERAPY USING NOVEL DESIGN SINGLE NEEDLE DEVICE
Authors: Cvetković Aleksandar , Cvetković Danijela , Milašinović Danko , Jovičić Nemanja , Miailović Nikola , Nikolić Dalibor , Mitrović Slobodanka , Filipović Nenad
Published: April 2022

This is a feasibility study for the application of a novel concept of single-needle device for localized chemotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy has numerous and severe side effects. To conduct localized (electro)chemotherapy, we designed a novel device that does not currently exist on the market. Electrochemotherapy is based on the cell membranes temporary or permanent permeabilization using an electric current of defined characteristics. Electroporation can be reversible, when after a period of opened pores and membrane permeability increasing, membranes and cells return to their original state without damage. Electroporation can be an irreversible process when the pores on the membrane remain permanently open, electrolyte imbalance occurs resulting in cell death. Electrochemotherapy involves a combination of cytostatics and reversible electroporation, when pores on the cell membrane are temporarily opened and, during that short period, a large amount of cytostatic is entered into the cell, which is a macromolecule that would not normally penetrate the cell. After closing the pores, the cytostatic remains trapped in the cell in large quantities, multiplying its effect. In this paper, we present a feasibility study of electroporation application in irreversible mode without the use of cytostatics. Fresh porcine liver tissue was used to show that the constructed equipment was effective, thus opening the way for further investigations using reversible electroporation with the application of cytostatics, which would represent localized electrochemotherapy. We penetrated the virtual tumor area (liver metastases) with a specially designed needle with electrodes that generate an electric field and apply electroporation in the target tissue. We have shown that the constructed novel design single needle equipment for electroporation is effective on the experimental model of isolated porcine liver. Further steps in our study will be the testing of electrochemotherapy in an experimental animal model in vivo.
BLOOD FLOW IN ARTERIAL BIFURCATION CALCULATED BY TURBULENT FINITE ELEMENT MODEL
Authors: Nikolić Aleksandar , Topalović Marko , Simić Vladimir , Blagojević Milan
Published: April 2022

In this paper, turbulent fluid flow is analyzed using a two-equation turbulent finite element model that can calculate values in the viscous sublayer. Implicit integration of the equations is used for determining the fluid velocity, fluid pressure, turbulence, kinetic energy, and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy. These values are calculated in the finite element nodes for each step of the incremental-iterative procedure. Developed turbulent finite element model, with the customized generation of finite element meshes, is used for calculating complex blood flow problems. Analysis of results shows that a cardiologist can use the proposed tools and methods for investigating the hemodynamic conditions inside the bifurcation of arteries.
Hrishikesh: A Poem on Corrupted Landscape
Authors: Chakravarti Srinjay
Published: April 2022

This poem on the pilgrimage center of Hrishikesh set in a humid subtropical niche of the scenic Uttarakhand state, aims to capture the corruption of its cultural, religious and natural landscapes. Here, modernity — with its concomitant technologism — jostles for space with Hindu leitmotifs and traditions, causing pollution, ecological damage and environmental degradation. These are outcomes not just of distorted economic policies and skewed technological and developmental paradigms, but also the residuum of religious rituals, pollutants and garbage dumped into the holy Ganges.
Named after a form of the Hindu deity Vishnu, Hrishikesh, in Sanskrit, means “Lord of the Senses”. Nowadays, the town is more popularly known as Rishikesh (which means “the hair of a sage or ascetic”). This name, though etymologically erroneous, is not grammatically incorrect; it is, however, yet another pointer to the degeneration of the region’s pristinity. Here, not only is the natural environment under threat, but the rich traditions of Hinduism, too, are under assault from popular culture and mass consumerism. Such corruption is partly caused by the global yoga movement and the draw of international tourists who smoke cannabis on sacred riverbanks.
Wenn die Chemie nicht mehr stimmt. Gedanken eines Studenten
Authors: Jäckli Pekka
Published: April 2022

Leicht verkaterte Stimmung an vielen chemischen Instituten der Schweizer Hochschulen, sinkende Studentenzahlen und keine Trendwende in Sicht. Die Lehre in der Chemie scheint substanziellen Veränderungen entgegen zu gehen, denn ohne Studenten keine Diplomanden, keine Doktoranden, keine Post-Docs, keine Habilitierenden, keine Privatdozenten, keine Professoren, keine Hochschulchemie, keine chemische Industrie, kein Geld. Ganz einfach. Ganz einfach?
Design and Synthesis of Novel and Potent Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Authors: Branca Quirico , Jakob-Røtne Roland , Kettler Rolf , Röver Stephan , Scalone Michelangelo
Published: April 2022

Reversible and selective monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors (RIMA's) like moclobemide (Aurorix®) have rehabilitated the use of MAO inhibitors as drugs of choice in depression. Starting from the structure of moclobemide, we tried to identify novel types of MAO inhibitors by bioisosteric replacement of the amide group. 2-Aminomethyl-5-phenylpyrroles retained some in vitro activity and served as a starting point for the construction of restricted rotation analogues. 3,4-Dihydro-6-phenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines were the most interesting members of a family of 6-, 7-, and 8-phenyl-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and were subsequently optimized. A 'lipophilic linker' between phenyl and pyrrole ring proved exceedingly useful to improve affinity and led to the benzo[g]pyrazino[1,2-a]indole ring system. Synthetic procedures starting from substituted 1-tetralones allowed the synthesis of substituted derivatives of this ring system. Once the optimal substitution pattern had been identified, facile synthesis of derivatives was achieved from aromatic triflates by Stille or Suzuki coupling. In this series selective and reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitors as well as mixed MAO-A and B inhibitors were identified. Affinity of this compounds for MAO was in the nanomolar or even sub-nanomolar range (for monoamine oxidase-A). In conclusion, benzo[g]pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles have been identified as a new class of reversible and highly potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
Delivery of Chemically Modified Peptides and Proteins through the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Bickel Ulrich
Published: April 2022

Peptide- and protein-based signal substances serve important functions in our body. Neuropeptides are a class of neurotransmitters involved in specific communication in the peripheral and central nervous system. Therefore, natural and synthetic neuropeptides have potential significance
as neuropharmaceuticals. Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) represent another type of proteins which can be used potentially as diagnostic or therapeutic agents. However, the poor permeability of peptides and proteins through biological membranes (e.g. cell membranes) is among the principal
reasons, why these compounds have not yet gained the significance as neuroactive drugs in practice which theoretically could be expected from their bioactivity. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) consists of tightly sealed cell membranes and prevents the free access of large and/or hydrophilic
substances from blood to brain. There are, however, active uptake systems for some endogenous peptides and proteins present at the BBB, which may be exploited in a physiological approach of drug delivery to the brain. After an introduction to the physiology of the BBB, an overview of potential
strategies of drug delivery is given. The physiological approach is presented with examples, showing how peptides and proteins can be modified to achieve pharmacologically significant brain concentrations after systemic administration.
Die Fliege des Aristoteles
Authors: Benz Ernst
Published: April 2022

No abstract.
Engineering Highly Stable, Fluorescent and Non-toxic Cu Nanoclusters via Reaction Parameter Optimization
Authors: Busi Kumar Babu , Jyothi Kotha , Bandaru Shamili , Gantashala Jyothi Priyanka , Sheik Haseena , Bhamidipati Keerti , Puvvada Nagaprasad , Ravva Mahesh Kumar , Thondamal Manjunatha , Chakrabortty Sabyasachi
Published: April 2022

Metal Nanoclusters (NCs) composed of the least number of atoms (few to tens) became very attractive for their emerging properties owing to their ultrasmall size. Preparing copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) in an aqueous medium with high emission properties, strong colloidal stability, and low toxicity has been a long-standing challenge. Although they are earth-abundant and inexpensive, they are comparatively less explored due to their limitations such as ease of surface oxidation, poor colloidal stability, and high toxicity. To overcome these constraints, we established a facile synthetic route by optimizing the reaction parameters, especially altering the effective concentration of the reducing agent to influence their optical characteristics. The improvement of photoluminescence intensity and superior colloidal stability was modeled from a theoretical standpoint. Moreover, the as-synthesized Cu NCs showed a significant reduction of toxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models. The possibilities of using such Cu NCs as a diagnostic probe towards C. elegans were explored. Also, the extension of our approach towards improving the photoluminescence intensity of the Cu NCs on other ligand systems was demonstrated.
Hot-casting assisted liquid additive engineering for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Min Hanul , Hu Junnan , Xu Zhaojian , Liu Tianran , Khan Saeed-Uz-Zaman , Roh Kwangdong , Loo Yueh-Lin , Rand Barry
Published: April 2022

High-performance inorganic-organic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are often fabricated with a liquid additive such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) which retards crystallization and reduces roughness and pinholes in the perovskite layers. However, DMSO can be trapped during perovskite film formation and induce voids and undesired reaction byproducts upon later processing steps. Here, we show that we can reduce the amount of residual DMSO in as-spin-coated films significantly - by 30 times - through use of pre-heated substrates, or a so-called hot-casting method. Hot-casting increases the perovskite film thickness which allows us to reduce the perovskite solution concentration. By reducing the amount of DMSO in proportion to the concentration of perovskite precursors and using hot-casting, we are able to fabricate perovskite layers with improved perovskite-substrate buried interfaces by suppressing the formation of byproducts which increase trap density and accelerate degradation of the perovskite layers. The best-performing PSCs exhibit power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4% (23.0% stabilized efficiency) under simulated solar illumination. Furthermore, encapsulated devices showed considerably reduced post-burn-in decay of -0.84% of initial efficiency per 100 h, retaining more than 80% and 93% of their initial and post-burn-in efficiencies after 800 h of operation with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under high-power of ultraviolet-(UV-)containing continuous light exposure (overall power density of 1.1 sun with 2.6 times higher UV-region power density than AM 1.5G).
Dual-Band Electrochromism: Plasmonic and Polaronic Mechanisms
Authors: Tandon Bharat , Lu Hsin-Che , J. Milliron Delia
Published: April 2022

Electrochromic windows that dynamically absorb incident solar irradiation are envisioned as smart technology devices that can reduce power consumption in buildings and accelerate progress toward sustainable development. While regulating the visible light in interior spaces to suite the comfort of occupants, electrochromic windows also offer thermal control by controlling the flux of solar energy, including infrared radiation. The ability to selectively modulate visible and the infrared solar transmittance is denoted as dual-band electrochromism. Dual-band control can be achieved by employing materials that absorb light in different spectral regions when electrochemically charged, with light absorption due to either a polaronic or a plasmonic mechanism, depending on the charging conditions. In this perspective, we discuss how adopting a plasmonic or a polaronic approach can affect the performance of an electrochromic device in terms of different quantitative figures-of-merit, and the challenges and opportunities for designing better dual-band electrochromic devices in the future.
THEOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION REVISIT THE SHROUD IMAGE FORMATION BY RADIATIVE PROCESSES
Authors:   University of Messina, I-98166 Messina, FAZIO Giovanni , CALLIPARI Rosanna
Published: April 2022

For some decades several scientists have claimed the formation of the Shroud body image by the radiative hypotheses. These proposals have as a start the emission, by the corpse wrapped in the burial linen, of proton or electromagnetic radiation with the wavelengths of the far ultraviolet. From a theological point of view, these hypotheses must be discarded. In fact, the above proposal foresees a transcendental beginning, followed in compliance with the natural laws, hoping to find a result that justifies their initial hypothesis. The Miracles are done only by God, the Omnipotent. Also for Thomas Aquinas, a Doctor of the Church, the Divine intervention is instant. Therefore a description of these transcendental events, step by step, it is impossible. In line with Theology there is also the Ockham’s thought. It is not a physical law but a philosophical razor that still enjoys great consideration in the scientific world. Used in the case of Shroud Body Image Formation, the “Ockham’s razor” does not agree with the radiative hypotheses. The same occurs with the Religion. In fact, reading The Gospels, The Act of Apostles and The Letter, we must accept the initial absence of image.
FILOSOFIA INTERDISCIPLINARITĂȚII
Authors: CURIS Cecilia
Published: April 2022

The interdisciplinary approach in science is becoming more widespread today. It is gratifying that in the age of applied sciences, in which technology prevails, philosophy as the core of the humanities is restored to its status. Starting from the definition of philosophy that includes notions such as knowledge, values, reason, existence, mind, language, it is not surprising the attitude of modern man in relation to the rational approach of including this fundamental discipline in scientific research in any field. This reconceptualization is absolutely necessary for the progress of humanity starting from the assumption that no field of scientific research can exist without a series of methodological principles. Consequently, we can consider philosophy, the theoretical foundation of any science and more than that, a science applied, per se with resonance in everyday existence. What can be more important for the human being than explaining the meaning of life, the relationship with peers and the psychological motivation of its existence in this world?
ARGUMENTARE, ADEVĂR ȘI SEMNIFICAȚIE, SENS ȘI REFERINȚĂ
Authors: BUGIULESCU Marin
Published: April 2022

This article present the Gottlob Frege's conception of argument, truth and significance. The thought relation with truth or the meaning and reference. Argumentation, truth and significance, a current theme over the times, is an subject intrinsic to the logic and linguistic activity, ubiquitous in all spheres of human life. The theories are diverse, but all contribute to the understanding of argumentative practice, its strategies and provide the fundamental elements in identifying the mechanisms, techniques and intentions of argumentation. At the end of this article, is presented a Study of Case about the implications of argumentation in social media discourse.
İşyeri Arkadaşlığı İşe Adanmayı Kolaylaştırır mı İBB Sağlık ve Hıfzıssıhha Müdürlüğünde Bir İnceleme (Does Workplace Friendship Lead to Work Commitment An Investigation at the Health and Sanitation Directorate of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality)
Authors: Reyhan Ayşe , Kuşakcı Sümeyye
Published: April 2022

Araştırmanın amacı, çalışanların işyeri arkadaşlığı algısı ve işe adanmışlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin anlamlılığının incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla araştırmaya İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Sağlık ve Hıfzıssıhha Müdürlüğünde görev yapan 121 iş gören katılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında İşyeri Arkadaşlığı Ölçeği ve Utrecht İşe Adanmışlık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS programı üzerinde Faktör Analizi, Bağımsız Örnekler t-Testi, ANOVA ve Pearson Korelasyonu kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre katılımcıların işyerinde kurdukları arkadaşlıklara ilişkin değerlendirmeleri genel olarak olumludur. İşyeri arkadaşlığı cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum gibi demografik faktörlerden etkilenmezken; eğitim seviyesi ve çalışılan birim işyeri arkadaşlığı üzerinde anlamlı farklılıklara yol açmaktadır. Öte yandan katılımcıların işe adanmışlık düzeylerinin de yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yoğunlaşma, en düşük ortalamaya sahip alt boyut olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Medeni durum ve çalışılan birimin işe adanmışlığı anlamlı bir biçimde etkilediği görülmüştür. Son olarak, personelin algıladığı işyeri arkadaşlığı ile işe adanmışlık düzeyi arasında olumlu yönde ancak zayıf bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir.
İlhanlılar ve Halefleri Devrinde Tebriz Şehrinin Siyasi, Sosyal, Dini ve Kültürel Yapısı (XIII.-XV. Yüzyıllar) (Political, Social, Religious and Cultural Structal of The Tabriz in The Period of The Ilkhanids and Their Successors)
Authors: Bedirhan Yaşar
Published: April 2022

Moğolların Büyük Hanı Mengü (Möngke) 1253 yılında kurultay kararı ile kardeşi Hülâgû'yu İran, Irak, Suriye, Mısır, Kafkasya ve Anadolu'yu ele geçirip buraları kendisine tâbi bir "ilhan" (il+han "bölge hükümdarı") olarak idare etmek üzere görevlendirdi. Bu suretle başşehri Tebriz olmak üzere İran'da kurulan (1256) ve 1295 yılından itibaren tam bağımsız hale gelen devlet, Hülâgû'nun taşıdığı ilhan unvanına nispetle İlhanlılar adıyla anılmıştır. Bir Moğol devleti olarak ortaya çıkan İlhanlılar, siyasi olarak Cengiz Han’dan itibaren belirlenen hedefleri gerçekleştirmek için çalışmışlardır Özellikle başkent yaptıkları Tebriz şehri İlhanlılar ve ardılları için önemli bir sosyal ve ekonomik özelliğe sahiptir. İlhanlı hükümdarları Tebriz’in sosyal ve ekonomik yapısının yükselmesi için çok çalışmışlardır. Zaman zaman çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı dini ve sosyal hareketlerin canlı bir şekilde görüldüğü şehir, istila, isyan ve depremlerin neden olduğu nüfus kayıplarına da uğramıştır.
Epidemiological and Clinical Features of the First Cohort of Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19 in Bahrain
Authors: Jassim Ghufran , Naser2 Maryam
Published: April 2022

Background: This study investigates the clinical characteristics of the first confirmed cases of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Bahrain. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study including the first 247 confirmed cases in Bahrain. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from electronic medical records. Results: Mean Standard Deviation (SD) age of patients was 44.15 (16.5) years. More males were affected by the disease (61%; 151/274). Mean (SD) of the duration between confirmation and discharge was 9.8 (5.1) days. Of 247 patients, 4 deaths were reported (1.6%); 17.5% (24/137) showed a temperature of >37- on admission, with 4% (6/148) yielding an oxygen saturation of 94% or less. Leukopenia was reported in 36.8% of patients (63/171). One quarter of patients (25.5%) received oseltamivir, 24.7% received hydroxychloroquine sulfate (24.7%), and 1.2% received steroids. Conclusion: In this study, the authors have captured the epidemiological and clinical profiles of the first cases of COVID-19 pertaining to the first wave of the pandemic in Bahrain. The early strict measures may have contributed to the lower incidence as well as lower morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection in Bahrain. Major gaps in our knowledge of the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 and its prognosis, outcomes, and associated risk factors indicate the need for further research. Keywords: Bahrain, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemics, Coronavirus
Aqueous Misdirection Glaucoma Following Uneventful Cataract Surgery
Authors: Aldoseri Abdulaziz , Wagih Wael
Published: April 2022

Aqueous misdirection glaucoma is a rare post ophthalmic surgery complication. It is mostly encountered after a glaucoma filtration surgery, and less commonly comes after cataract extraction surgery. The clinical scenario usually appears immediately after the procedure, in which the intraocular pressure increases, the anterior chamber becomes flat or shallow, and the peripheral iridotomy is appropriate and patent. Several theories have been proposed to determine the pathologic background of this condition. This case report is a supplementary evidence to the mechanism involved in which an aqueous misdirection to the posterior segment of the eye is the etiology of the disease. Keywords: Anterior Chamber, Cataract, Glaucoma, Intraocular Pressure, Pseudophakia, Vitrectomy
Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Added to Tempeh against Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli
Authors: Prasetya Adelia , Dewi Lusiawati , Pramana Situmorang Risya
Published: April 2022

Tempeh (tempe) has been known to have antibacterial properties due to the presence of glycoprotein compounds, antimicrobial peptides, and flavonoids produced by the fungus Rhizopus spp. during the fermentation process. The addition of garlic powder is expected to increase the antibacterial activity of tempeh against contaminant bacteria. This research aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity, water content, and organoleptic properties (taste, aroma, and color) of tempeh with garlic powder supplementation. Garlic powder was added to the tempeh fermentation process with various concentrations of 0.15, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75%. Antibacterial activity, water content, and qualitative organoleptic tests were analyzed using paper disk diffusion, gravimetric, and questionnaire methods. The results showed that the addition of garlic powder in all treatments for Bacillus sp had shown an inhibitory activity with moderate strength with an inhibitory power of 0.15; 0.25; 0.50; and 0.75% respectively 8±1.71; 10±1.71; 7±0.96; 9±0.58. Meanwhile, Escherichia coli showed no inhibitory activity. The addition of garlic powder at a concentration of 0.25% reduced the water content to 58.25±0.03. In addition, the addition of garlic powder was not able to affect the color but was able to influence the aroma and taste of tempeh. Garlic powder was able to inhibit Bacillus sp with the best concentration of 0.25%; the addition of garlic powder can reduce the water content and affect the aroma and taste of tempeh.
Ability Test of IAA (Indole-3-Acetic Acid) Hormone-Producing Endophytic Bacteria from Lamongan Mangrove
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah , Lailatul Ayu Fadilah Risky , Izzatul Millah Annida , Nurhariyati Tri , Irawan Bambang , Ni’matuzahroh Ni’matuzahroh , Affandi Moch , Rini Nur Izza Zuhri Afifa , Watamtin Widhiya Eva , Salsabila Syarifah , Asrifah Ramly Zakia
Published: April 2022

Most of the plant-associated bacteria can synthesize active biological components of phytohormones such as auxin. This study aimed to examine the potency of 61 endophytic bacteria isolates from the mangroves at Kutang Beach, Lamongan in producing IAA hormone and to identify types of isolates effecting the concentration of IAA, morphological characteristics of isolates, as well as endophytic bacterial species that have the most potential to produce IAA hormone. Screening of endophytic bacteria isolates was performed using the colorimetric method and the production of IAA was carried out using the spectrophotometric method. IAA production by endophytic bacteria was analyzed descriptively and statistically. One-Way ANOVA was employed to determine the effect of the isolate type on the concentration of IAA. The most potential isolates to produce IAA hormone are identified by 16s rRNA gene marker. The screening results showed that 12 isolates of endophytic bacteria have the potential to produce IAA hormones (2.0-9.3 ppm), coded with LMG 7, 15, 31, 32, 43, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, and 63. The results of the One-Way ANOVA test suggested that the type of isolates did not affect the concentration of IAA produced by endophytic bacteria. The twelve isolates had different morphological characters and those were Gram-positive bacilli with cell sizes ranging from 1.5 µm - 3 µm. The highest concentration of IAA was produced by LMG 15 (9.3 ppm). LMG 15 was identified as Bacillus cereus strain LMG 15, having 99.33% similarity to Bacillus cereus strain IAM 12605.
Araceae Floristic and Potential Study in Bogor Botanical Gardens, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Asharo Rizal Koen , Novitasari Ayu , Azizah Sri Devi Nur , Saraswati Rahadian Ajeng , Setyaningsih Fani , Apriliani Puput , Priambodo Rizky , Pasaribu Pinta Omas , Rizkawati Vina , Usman Usman
Published: April 2022

Bogor Botanical Gardens is a conservation area that assists the preservation of flora in Indonesia, including the Araceae. Araceae is often used by the public as medicine, food sources, and ornamental plants. Therefore, the Araceae is often used as an interesting research object and conservation efforts have commenced maintaining its sustainability. The purpose of this research was to determine the species of living Araceae and the potential possessed by each living Araceae species in the conservation area of the Bogor Botanical Gardens. This research was conducted on 8-9 June 2021 to determine the diversity and potential of the Araceae in Bogor Botanical Gardens. The method used in this research is the exploring method and data analysis using descriptive method. The result of this research revealed there were 60 species of Araceae consisting of 25 genera. The genera with the highest number of species are Philodendron. Two species of them are Araceae which has a habitat in the waters. A total of 33 species are terrestrial and 25 are epiphytic plants. Araceae have many potentials, such as food, aromatic, medicine, flavoring, animal feed, and ornamental plants. More than 50% of the Araceae species were used as ornamental plants.
Real Harmonic Analysis on the Special Orthogonal Group
Authors: Lee Taeyoung
Published: April 2022

This paper presents theoretical analysis and software implementation for real harmonics analysis on the special orthogonal group. Noncommutative harmonic analysis for complex-valued functions on the special orthogonal group has been studied extensively. However, it is customary to treat real harmonic analysis as a special case of complex harmonic analysis, and there have been limited results developed specifically for real-valued functions. Here, we develop a set of explicit formulas for real-valued irreducible unitary representations on the special orthogonal group, and provide several operational properties, such as derivatives, sampling, and Clebsch-Gordon coefficients. Furthermore, we implement both of complex and real harmonics analysis on the special orthogonal group into an open source software package that utilizes parallel processing through the OpenMP library. The efficacy of the presented results are illustrated by benchmark studies and an application to spherical shape matching.
Mechanical behavior analysis of polymer stabilized gold ore tailings
Authors: Alelvan Giovanna Monique , Casagrande Michéle , Consoli Nilo
Published: April 2022

Chemical stabilization for mining tailings is a promising alternative to enable their use as construction materials. For this, it is necessary to evaluate the behavior of these composites to ensure minimum design requirements. This research aims to demonstrate that an addition of 15% of polymeric solution content, corresponding to 6% of polymer by tailings mass unit, can improve considerably the mechanical strength of gold ore mining tailings. To this end, unconfined compression and direct shear tests were conducted, indicating an increase in compressive and shear strength, especially with 28 days of curing time and at maximum dry unit weight. Microstructural and chemical tests were also performed, demonstrating that the tailings have silt-sized particles, mostly composed of quartz, muscovite, and kaolinite. Despite its granulometry, the tailings do not exhibit cohesive behavior and require to be considered perhaps as rock sediments. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis showed that the particles are lamellar, and a more stable arrangement contributes to the polymer’s performance as a binder. It was observed that the strength gain occurs due to polymer bond effect and to the matric suction.
TRADISI OGHEM DI SUMENEP (Studi Living Qur’an Penyelesaian Masalah Dengan Istikhara Mokka’ Oghem)
Authors: Sholeh Moh. Jufriyadi
Published: April 2022

As the holy book for Moslems and also the big miracle (Mukjizat Kubro) for prophet Muhammad, al-Qur’an has been a part of life for Moslem society that has many functions and penetrate in any parts of their life. It’s not only as the source of the study of Islamic law, al-Qur’an has been also fulfilling the part of tradition, culture and religion routines through their cultures. Al-Qur’an has been also being the parts of Moslem’s social activity, not only for religious activity. Reciting al-Qur’an is not only as a dialy routine activity that they hope reward from God, but also as an activity that they hope can treat any diseases and solve any problems for personal life, family or relatives and also social society. Along the times flow and many problems of life, Moslem society always do some efforts to make al-Qur’an as a media to solve their problems of life that it may come from a massive group or community or personal, not only a guideline of law and worship. Among the efforts to make al-Qur’an as media of problem solving in Moslem life is Mokka’ Oghem by using Al-Anbiya’. Al-Anbiya’  is a book that consists of the stories of prophets and preceding Moslems that has been told in al-Qur’an and tafsir . The tradition of Mokka’ Oghem has been used by Moslem society of Sumenep as the way to make a decision or istikhara when they face any problems or difficult choises.Many people give positif respond to the result of istikhara oghem, it's known when they help each other when one of them have any problem so that they attend oghem. So, the tradition of oghem is still exis until now.
THE USE OF SQ4R FOR IMPROVING READING SKILL: HOW SHOULD IT BE IMPLEMENTED?
Authors: Riska Ekawati Dian Tri , Dzulfikri Dzulfikri , Hasbullah Saiyidi
Published: April 2022

For senior high school students, understanding literature has become a struggle. Impaired vocabulary and prior knowledge, grammatical flaws, and poor reading methods were all important factors in reading. As a result, this study aims to use SQ4R as a technique for overcoming learners’ difficulties in learning reading, particularly those studying English in SMKN 1 Bakung. SQ4R is one of the most widely used acronyms (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review, and Reflect). The SQ4R reading method is aimed to engage kids in reading activities, encourage them to enjoy reading, and enhance their academic achievement as a result. Students should apply what they already know to assist them learn new material, according to SQ4R. This study employs Classroom Action Research (CAR) at XI TKJ, using data obtained from two instruments: a post-test and observation sheets. A total of 26 students participated in the study. The findings of this study show that after being taught the approach, students’ reading ability improves. The students acquire an average score of 55.4 in pre-test. Then, their average score increases to 63.3 in the first cycle. The average score climbs to 73.3 average scores in the second round. The success criteria for this study were that 75% of the students (19 students) got a score of 65.
The Gut Contents of the Squalius cii in a Permanently Interrupted River System, the Karamenderes River
Authors: PARTAL Nurbanu , YALÇIN ÖZDİLEK Şükran
Published: April 2022

The goal of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial distribution of the gut contents of Squalius cii specimens in a permanently interrupted Karamenderes River. The specimens were sampled at seven distinct locations along the Karamenderes River in summer 2012, autumn 2012, and spring 2013. The gut contents of a total of 157 specimens were examined. The data on the identified food organisms were quantified as the percentage of the index of relative importance (IRI%), niche breadth (BA), trophic level (TL), feeding intensity (Vacuity Index, VI), and food diversity (H’). In all seasons, the examined specimens were found to mostly feed on the members of the Insecta family in the river's upper section and on Bacillariophyceae and macrophytes in the lower section. The feeding intensity was found to be the highest in spring 2013, while the food diversity was realized to exhibit the highest value (2.21) at the Karaköy 1 site in summer 2012. The niche breadth of the examined specimens varied between 0.01 and 0.73, whereas their trophic levels ranged between 2.01 and 3.48. The S. cii specimens were fed on high-quality foods in the upper section of the dam.
The practical considerations of managing negative pressure
pulmonary edema for anesthesiologists – literature review
Authors: Mańkowski Wojciech , Radkowski Paweł , Onichimowski Dariusz , Dawidowska-Fidrych Justyna
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is an uncommon perioperative complication with a potentially fatal outcome. It is most predominant in young healthy men undergoing surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Due to its rare occurrence and uncharacteristic clinical presentation, it poses a potential diagnostic pitfall.

Aim

The purpose of this article is to present clinical characteristics and management of NPPE.

Material and methods

This paper is based on the available literature and the authors’ experience.

Results and discussion

Clinical presentation of NPPE is uncharacteristic and includes i.e. agitation, tachypnea, tachycardia, cyanosis and pink frothy sputum. Postponed extubation after general anesthesia is believed to be optimal in order to prevent NPPE as it minimizes asynchrony of muscle function reversal and probability of laryngospasm. Differential diagnosis includes and is not limited to pulmonary edema, aspiration pneumonia, anaphylaxis, septic shock, pulmonary embolism or exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Management of NPPE is symptomatic and focuses on symptomatic treatment and maintaining an open airway passage. Endotracheal intubation with low tidal volume ventilation of 6 mL/kg of ideal body weight with a plateau pressure of less than 30 cm H2O and high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may improve patients outcomes.

Conclusions

It is crucial for anesthesiologists to familiarize themselves with this phenomenon for early recognition and proper therapeutic decisions. It should be emphasized that under the highest risk of developing NPPE are young male patients and the most common cause is post-extubation laryngospasm.
Bucket-brigade Inspired Power Line Network Protocol for Sensed Quantity Profile Acquisition with Smart Sensors Deployed as a Queue in Harsh Environment
Authors: Santos Edval JP
Published: April 2022

Pressure and temperature profile are key data for safe production in oil and gas wells. In this paper, a bucket-brigade inspired sensor network protocol is proposed which can be used to extract sensed data profile from the nanoscale up to kilometer long structures. The PHY/MAC layers are discussed. This protocol is best suited for low data rate exchanges in small fixed-size packets, named buckets, transmitted as time-domain bursts among high-precision smart sensors deployed as a queue. There is only one coordinator, which is not directly accessible by most of the sensor nodes. The coordinator is responsible for collecting the measurement profile and send it to a supervisory node. There is no need for complex routing mechanism, as the network topology is determined during deployment. There are many applications which require sensors to be deployed as a long queue and sensed data could be transmitted at low data rates. Examples of such monitoring applications are: neural connected artificial skin, oil/gas/water pipeline integrity, power transmission line tower integrity, (rail)road/highway lighting and integrity, individualized monitoring in vineyard or re-foresting or plantation, underwater telecommunications cable integrity, oil/gas riser integrity, oil/gas well temperature and pressure profile, among others. For robustness and reduced electromagnetic interference, wired network is preferred. Besides in some harsh environment wireless is not feasible. To reduce wiring, communications can be carried out in the same cable used to supply electrical power.
Effects of Thermal Annealing on the Density of States in Low Voltage Operating Range, High Mobility, Hf-In-ZnO/HfO2 TFTs Fabricated at Temperatures below 200 oC
Authors: Hernandez Isai Salvador , Garduño Ivan , Cerdeira Antonio , Iñiguez Benjamin , Estrada Magali
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we report the effects of thermal annealing on Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) passivated, bottom gate thin film transistors, with amorphous hafnium oxide (HfO2) as gate dielectric and amorphous hafnium-indium-zinc oxide (a-HIZO) as semiconductor, fabricated at temperatures below 200 oC. It is shown that TFTs, with VTH =0.55 V, mFE>250 cm2/Vs, SS=200 mV/dec corresponding to Dit= 1x1012 cm-2eV-1 and Ion/Ioff>107, can be obtained, using a thermal annealing at 200 oC in N2, after the semiconductor layer is deposited. The dielectric constant of the HfO2 layer deposited by RF sputtering was 19.5, allowing devices to work within the operating voltage range of 2 V. An important increase of the field effect mobility is obtained, combining a high-k gate dielectric and a high carrier concentration a-HIZO layer, with a lower density of localized states.
Reliability analysis of gamma- and X-ray TID effects, on a commercial AlGaN/GaN based FET
Authors: Vilas Bôas Alexis Cristiano , Gabriel Alberton Saulo , Medina Nilberto , Ângelo Paulino Vitor , Assis Melo Marco Antonio , Baginski Santos Roberto , Giacomini Renato , Cavalcante Tássio , Galhardo Vaz Rafael , Junior Evaldo , Seixas Luis , Finco Saulo , Guazzelli Marcilei
Published: April 2022

In this work, measurements were taken to investigate the robustness of a GaN HEMT to TID by a 60CO Source. These results will be compared with a previous X-ray based work. The robustness was investigated through IxV curves and characteristic parameters of the irradiated device. The analysis included data acquired both from on- and off- state modes. The work concludes that the device is robust to TID, as it quickly recovered important parameters. Mainly, the on-state mode, which presented a better performance compared to the off-mode. An analogous behavior was seen for X-ray. Finally, the VTH values due to the TID, in this device is independent of the dose rate and the radiation source.