bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quo Vadis Epistemologia da Administração? Percurso atual e alguns direcionamentos futuros
Authors: Santos-Souza Humberto Reis dos , Jaime Pedro , Xavier Neto Oseas , Azevedo-Ferreira Maxwel
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é traçar um panorama da produção científica sobre epistemologia da administração nos últimos cinco anos a partir dos índices bibliométricos e da análise de citações e co-citações. Trata-se de uma pesquisa que utiliza a combinação da análise bibliométrica com a análise de conteúdo. Como principais resultados nota-se que autores brasileiros são produtores expoentes em epistemologia da administração no mundo, mas com pouca articulação internacional. Percebe-se, que áreas da administração como empreendedorismo e marketing estão buscando consolidação teórica em seus temas de pesquisa. A necessidade de aproximar a produção teórica em Administração das práticas de gestão também emerge dos achados. O estudo ainda apresenta o core das referências utilizadas nas pesquisas em epistemologia em administração. Como contribuição, oferece-se uma perspectiva sobre como caminham os estudos acerca desse tema no mundo, destacando o papel dos pesquisadores brasileiros, bem como, salientando a importância do tema no que tange ao rigor teórico/científico e a reflexividade necessária a uma ciência que não quer caminhar periférica.
CodedEvents: Optimal Point-Spread-Function Engineering for 3D-Tracking With Event Cameras
Authors: Metzler Chris , Shah Sachin , Chan Matthew , Cai Haoming , Chen Jingxi , Kulshrestha Sakshum , Singh Chahat Deep , Aloimonos Yiannis
Published: December 2024

This talk explores the fundamental limits of 3D tracking with PSF engineering and event cameras. We demonstrate existing phase masks are already near-optimal for localizing flashing point sources, but suboptimal for tracking moving objects.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Optical Topologies in Turbulence
Authors: Forbes Andrew
Published: December 2024

Light can be imbued with a topology, but is the topological invariant immune to turbulence? Here I outline how to find invariants in light's degrees of freedom for noise-free communication through turbulence.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Chip-Scale Atomic Devices: From Clocks to Brain Imaging and Beyond
Authors: Kitching John
Published: December 2024

Chip-scale atomic clocks and sensors combine elements of precision atomic spectroscopy, silicon micromachining and photonics technology to achieve good performance with small size and low power consumption. Recent advances will be discussed including compact optical clocks, micromachined atomic beam clocks.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm based optimization study of wide band model in infrared remote detection
Authors: Li Yihan , Hu Haiyang , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2024

A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the Multi-Scale Multi-Group Wide-Band model (MSMGWB) for the grouping strategy, Gaussian quadrature scheme, and reference temperature parameters in infrared remote detection computation.
Plasmonic Platforms for SERS Sensing
Authors: Pastoriza-Santos Isabel
Published: December 2024

This seminar will provide an overview of the latest results of the FunNanoBio Group in the Nanoplasmonic field with special emphasis on the fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures for (bio)sensing based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Characterization of different dietary fibers with Near-Infrared spectroscopy and wavelength ratio analysis
Authors: Tricanji Claudia , van den Berg Steven , Smeesters Lien
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate that near-infrared (NIR) reflection spectroscopy combined with a wavelength ratio analysis allows for consistent distinguishing different types of dietary fibers. This non-destructive dietary fiber analysis is promising for improved nutritional labeling.
Application of an Open-Path Broadband Source-Based Mobile Instrumentation for Greenhouse Gas Monitoring
Authors: Cristescu Simona , Krebbers Roderik , van Kempen Kees , Khodabakhsh Amir
Published: December 2024

Open-path spectroscopy using broadband coherent light sources can provide highly sensitive multispecies detection capability for various real-life applications. Using these systems, we present our recent results for monitoring gas emissions from a wastewater treatment plant.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Towards a non-destructive and sensitive food quality inspection using broadband diffuse reflection spectroscopy and machine learning
Authors: Smeesters Lien
Published: December 2024

Diffuse reflection spectroscopy (400nm–1700nm) offers a non-destructive and accurate food quality and safety evaluation. Optimal results are achieved after co-optimization of the spectroscopic measurement procedure and machine learning analysis, showing classification performances exceeding 92%.
Polarized microscopy based on liquid crystals and a polarization camera: new tools for studying oocytes
Authors: Restrepo-Martínez Alejandro , Alcalde Juan José , Betancur Giovanni Restrepo
Published: December 2024

A strategy combining liquid crystal retarders and a polarization camera with an optical microscope was developed. Results show of the meiotic spindle oocyte, indicating stage of maturation.
Broadband radiation source for infrared and terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Schossig Marco
Published: December 2024

New developments towards miniaturized and powerful infrared spectrometers are limited by the availability of appropriate components. A novel black-body radiation source with broadband emissivity in the infrared range is presented and compared to state-of-the-art sources.
Light-induced control of selective Bragg diffraction of the oblique helicoidal cholesteric
Authors: Gvozdovskyy Igor , Bogatyryova Halyna , Kasian Natalia , Lisetski Longin , Chornous Vitalii
Published: December 2024

It is known that the oblique helicoidal cholesteric structure (ChOH), which is formed in an alternating electrical field applied to the chiral nematic phase (N∗) at temperatures above the chiral twist–bend nematic phase (Ntb∗), can show selective Bragg reflection in the visible range of the spectrum. In this work, we study the effects of alternating electric field at different frequencies, as well as UV irradiation on the Bragg reflection of the ChOH structure of the Ntb∗-forming mixture containing a light-sensitive chiral azo-compound. It has been found that the ChOH structure shows two sequential states in the tuning of selective Bragg reflection at high and low electrical fields.
High-performance cavity-enhanced photoacoustic sensing
Authors: Pelini Jacopo , de Cumis Mario Siciliani , Wang Zhen , Russo Stefano Dello , Galli Iacopo , Garcia Inaki Lopez , Canino Maria Concetta , Roncaglia Alberto , Pastor Pablo Cancio , Akikusa Naota , Ren Wei , De Natale Paolo , Borri Simone
Published: December 2024

We present our most recent results on trace-gas detection with an intracavity cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic sensor. A full performance analysis is performed using a standard cantilever, and preliminary results exploiting alternative configurations are discussed.
PLIF for Space Technology and Exploration Applications
Authors: Rodrigues Neil S. , Danehy Paul M. , Tyrrell Olivia K. , Jiang Naibo , Hsu Paul , Hollis Brian R. , Korzun Ashley M. , Roy Sukesh
Published: December 2024

Highlights from recent PLIF test campaigns at large-scale NASA facilities and lab-scale developments are summarized. The measurements presented here have the potential to aid researchers in validating complex simulations and inform designs for spaceflight vehicles.
One-dimensional fs/ps coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in a post-shock environment
Authors: Elkowitz Laurie , Thompson Ryan J. , Dedic Chloe E.
Published: December 2024

Spatially resolved measurements of post-shock rotational temperatures in N2 and CO2 rich environments are performed using one-dimensional fs/ps coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. The spatially-dependent temperature rise associated with post-shock conditions are studied.
Laser Remote Microscopy for Insect Diversity Assessment
Authors: Brydegaard Mikkel
Published: December 2024

Recent insect decline prompts rapid online monitoring solutions with specificity for thousands of coexisting species. I demonstrate how microscopic and nanoscopic features of insects can aid differentiation of species and be retrieved with spectral lidar.
Deep Learning based Optical Flow Analysis of High-speed Flows
Authors: Zhang Daniel H. , Yang Zifeng
Published: December 2024

Two-dimensional Rayleigh scattering imaging is utilized to quantify the high-speed flow velocity by employing deep learning based optical flow analysis, along with density fields from Rayleigh scattering intensity profiles.
Application of High Energy KrF Excimer Laser for Shock Compression of Emerging Materials
Authors: Gonzales Manny , Bates Jason W. , Karasik Max , Weaver James L. , Velikovich Alexander K. , Aglitskiy Yefim
Published: December 2024

Direct absolute equation of state measurements for CH foams were obtained with direct drive laser shock compression at the NIKE KrF laser. Excimer lasers offer superior performance over glass architectures for extreme environment investigations.
Study on ion slicing of iron garnet magneto-optic materials for near and mid-infrared on-chip optical isolators
Authors: Jiang Renjie , Yang Xuan , Chen Jie , Shen Shiji , Zhou Shengming , Tian Yanna , Wang Jun
Published: December 2024

Achieving high-crystalline-quality, large-size iron garnet magneto-optic (MO) films on silicon substrates remains a critical challenge for CMOS-compatible on-chip non-reciprocal devices like isolators and circulators. In this study, we explored ion slicing on commercial yttrium iron garnet (YIG) crystals, bismuth-doped iron garnet (BIG), and newly developed YIG ceramics. After He+ ion implantation, wafer bonding and annealing, the BIG film on silicon was successfully fabricated, but its thickness and crystalline phase deviated from expectations. The underlying causes of these discrepancies were systematically investigated. In contrast, the YIG single crystals and ceramics showed blistering during annealing, which demonstrates their ion-slicing viability. Based on the magneto-optical constant dispersion relationships of the two materials, the nonreciprocal phase shift (NRPS) gap between BIG film on silicon and YIG film on silicon narrows significantly as the wavelength increases from 1.55 µm to 2.1 µm, dropping from 399% to 26%. As a proof of concept, we proposed a design for silicon-based TM-mode on-chip isolators at 1.5 µm and 2.1 µm using ion-sliced YIG ceramics, where the simulated insertion loss decreased from 2.78 dB to 0.35 dB due to the substantial reduction in material absorption with increasing wavelength. These results underscore the feasibility and promise of YIG ceramic ion slicing as a practical solution for CMOS-compatible on-chip isolators, particularly in the mid-infrared range.
Terahertz parametric detection using a lithium tantalate
Authors: Mine Sota , Tanaka Shiki , Kawase Kodo , Murate Kosuke
Published: December 2024

Terahertz (THz) parametric detection is a highly sensitive method that upconverts a THz wave into a near-infrared beam for detection. Lithium niobate has primarily been used as the nonlinear optical crystal in this approach. However, the frequency band with high parametric gain is limited, leading to increasing interest in other nonlinear optical crystals. Here, we demonstrate that lithium tantalate provides high-sensitivity detection at low frequencies, achieving a maximum improvement of 15 dB over the 0.8–1.5 THz band.
Manipulating continuous optical spectra in the wave vector domain by metalens
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Wenhao , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jingying , Wang Xinyu
Published: December 2024

Complete 2π cycling of a phase around a phase singularity leads to a rapid phase variation in the nearby zones and forms a sharp local k-vector peak. In this paper, the intensity distribution in the spatial domain is transformed into a k-vector distribution in the wave vector domain, and we prove that the local k-vector peak is generated at the point of minimum light field intensity. The local k-vector peak is sharper when the minimum point is closer to the phase singularity. The k-vector peak can be manipulated by controlling the minimum optical field intensity. A metalens is designed to generate sharp k-vector peaks for continuous wavelengths and linearly shift the positions of these peaks with the incident wavelength. This method transforms full-band continuous optical spectra from the spatial domain to the wave vector domain. The spectral resolutions over the wavelength range from 800 nm to 810 nm are less than 0.82 nm, and the optimal spectral resolution reaches 0.027 nm. This approach can be used in metasurface spectroscopy, providing what we believe to be a new way to improve spectral resolution.
Flip-GFDM Complexity Reduction for Power-Efficient Visible Light Communication System
Authors: Dhaam Haidar Zaeer , Ali Faris Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Visible light communication (VLC) has occurred as a promising solution to the limitations of traditional radio frequency systems, leveraging LEDs for high-speed, interference-free data transmission. However, optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques such as Flip-OFDM face challenges like high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and spectral inefficiency. This study introduces a novel Flip-GFDM waveform, named NH-Flip-GFDM, designed to reduce complexity. By eliminating Hermitian symmetry and halving the IFFT/FFT size, the proposed approach achieves significant computational savings, with about a 50\% reduction in complexity. Simulation results reveal that NH-Flip-GFDM maintains comparable symbol error rate (SER) and bit error rate (BER) performance to traditional Flip-GFDM while reducing PAPR by approximately 2 dB over Flip-OFDM. These improvements position NH-Flip-GFDM as a power-efficient and cost-effective solution for next-generation VLC systems.
Whispering-Gallery Mode Biosensor Based on Polystyrene Microspheres Doped with Carbon Dots
Authors: Soloveva E. O. , Kurassova K. , Bogdanov K. V. , Arefina I. A. , Dadadzhanov D. R. , Starovoytov A. A. , Toropov N. A.
Published: December 2024

Whispering gallery mode biosensors were obtained by impregnating polystyrene microspheres in carbon dots solution. Lasing was obtained in micospheres. Protein molecules were detected via frequency shifts of lasing lines.
Non-contact Bidirectional Lateral Displacement Sensor Based on Coherent Control of Vortex Beams
Authors: Yang Kang , Liu Shouju , Li Guoyu , Guo Huiyi , Wang Chao
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a non-contact lateral movement sensor utilizing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with two conjugated vortex beams. It features easy generation of vortex beams, high measurement precision and the capability of bidirectional movement sensing.
Terahertz Velocity and Spectroscopy Sensing with Self-mixing Interference of Quantum Cascade Lasers
Authors: Cai Jiaxuan , Xie Yan , Yang Ning , Chu Weidong , Wang Yingxin , Zhao Ziran
Published: December 2024

Coherence measurement system based on self-mixing interferometry with quantum cascade lasers could be employed for various of sensing applications, such as multi-target velocity and broadband terahertz spectroscopy sensing which are demonstrated in this work.
Characterization of Temperature Shifts in Terahertz Whispering Gallery Modes Utilizing Comb-Locked Spectroscopy
Authors: Müller Sebastian , Vogt Dominik Walter , Mayzlin Yuriy , Puppe Thomas
Published: December 2024

We present precision measurements of terahertz whispering gallery mode resonances using a novel comb-locked frequency domain spectrometer. Absolute long-term frequency stability and resolution allows to accurately resolve temperature shifts across multiple modes.
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based optical sensor for detection of urea in trace quantity
Authors: Chakraborty Sibashish , Dubey Satish Kumar
Published: December 2024

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detects ultratrace analytes rapidly and accurately. We demonstrate chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles that can detect urea up to 10–10 M with an enhancement factor of 1010 utilizing 785 nm laser source.
Transcriptome immune-regulatory differences between leprosy patients and type 1 reaction patients, before onset of symptoms
Authors: Correa-Macedo Wilian , Dallmann-Sauer Monica , Orlova Marianna , Manry Jeremy , Fava Vinicius M. , Huong Nguyen Thu , Ba Nguyen Ngoc , Van Thuc Nguyen , Thai Vu Hong , Schurr Erwin
Published: December 2024

Leprosy is a chronic disease of the skin and peripheral nerves caused by Mycobacterium leprae. A major public health and clinical problem are leprosy reactions, which are inflammatory episodes that often contribute to nerve damage and disability. Type I reversal reactions (T1R) can occur after microbiological cure of leprosy and affect up to 50% of leprosy patients. Early intervention to prevent T1R and, hence, nerve damage, is a major focus of current leprosy control efforts. In a prospective study, we enrolled and collected samples from 32 leprosy patients before the onset of T1R. Whole blood aliquots were challenged with M. leprae sonicate or media and total RNA was extracted. After a three-year follow-up, the transcriptomic response was compared between cells from 22 patients who remained T1R-free and 10 patients who developed T1R during that period. Our analysis focused on differential transcript (i.e. isoform) expression and usage. Results showed that, at baseline, cells from T1R-destined and T1R-free subjects had no main difference in their transcripts expression and usage. However, the cells of T1R patients displayed a transcriptomic immune response to M. leprae antigens that was significantly different from the one of cells from leprosy patients who remained T1R-free. Transcripts with significantly higher upregulation in the T1R-destined group, compared to the cells from T1R-free patients, were enriched for pathways and GO terms involved in response to intracellular pathogens, apoptosis regulation and inflammatory processes. Similarly, transcript usage analysis pinpointed different transcript proportions in response to the in-vitro challenge of cells from T1R-destined patients. Hence, transcript usage in concert with transcript expression suggested a dysregulated inflammatory response including increased apoptosis regulation in the peripheral blood cells of T1R-destined patients before the onset of T1R symptoms. Combined, these results provided detailed insight into the pathogenesis of T1R.
Factors associated with Onchocerca volvulus transmission after 20 years of community treatment with ivermectin in savanah and forest areas in Central African Republic: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Woromogo Sylvain Honoré , Garoua-Adjou Stéphanie Inesse , Ngouyombo Ange Donatien , Doyama-Woza Rodrigue Herman , Diemer Henri Saint Calvaire , Longo Jean de Dieu
Published: December 2024

The Central African Republic has endemic onchocerciasis in 20 health districts in savannah and forest areas. The country organised a mass distribution campaign of invermectin in 2023 through the National Onchocerciasis Control Programme. The objectives of this study were to identify factors of persistent Onchocerca volvulus transmission. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Bossangoa (savannah area) and Kémo (forest area) health districts. Using kelsey’formula 1600 respondents were recruited. Dependent variable is onchocerciasis status. Bivariate analysis was carried out to determine the differential risks for onchocerciasis infection, each variable being taken separately. The strength of statistical associations was measured by prevalence rates (PR) from log-binomial regression model and their 95% confidence intervals. Onchocerciasis prevalence is 26.45% in Bossangoa (95% CI = 23.76–29.14), and 14.79% (84/568) in Kémo (95% CI = 23.53–29.37). In both savannah and forest areas, the common factors incriminated in the transmission of onchocerciasis after several years of community distribution of ivermectin were: young age (PR = 2.44 (1.97–3.03), p < 0.001; 3.63 (2.32–5.70), p < 0.001 respectively), not taking ivermectin (PR = 2.31 (1.86–2.87), p < 0.001; 6.84 (4.42–10.57), p < 0.001 respectively), male sex (PR = 2.54 (2.04–3.16), p <0.001; 1.79 (1.19–2.69), p = 0.002 respectively), living near rivers and in rural areas. Despite efforts, the prevalence of onchocerciasis remained high in the 2 districts. The main factors incriminated in the persistence of transmission were failure to take ivermectin, male sex and young age. The National Onchocerciasis Control Programme needs to review its planning of activities, ensuring that the population is constantly made aware before drugs are distributed, and increasing the number of days of community-based distribution in order to improve therapeutic coverage.
Morbidity associated with schistosomiasis in adult population of Chókwè district, Mozambique
Authors: Serra João Tiago , Silva Carina , Sidat Mohsin , Belo Silvana , Ferreira Pedro , Ferracini Natália , Kaminstein Daniel , Thompson Ricardo , Conceiçao Claúdia
Published: December 2024

Background

Mozambique is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of schistosomiasis, although there is little data on the prevalence of disease and associated morbidity in the adult population. This study aimed to describe and characterize the morbidity associated with schistosomiasis in the adult population of Chókwè district and to explore the use of anamnestic questionnaires and urine dipsticks, as well as point-of-care ultrasound for urinary related findings, to better characterize disease prevalence and morbidity.

Methodology

Between April and October 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional study embedded within the Chókwè Health Research and Training Centre. Data were collected on sociodemographic variables, signs and symptoms for schistosomiasis and water related activities. Infection status was determined by urine filtration, Kato-Katz thick smear and DNA detection. Point-of care urinary tract ultrasonography was performed to assess structural morbidity associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection. Multivariate logistic regression was used to search for associations between risk factors, signs and symptoms, infection status and ultrasound abnormalities.

Principal findings

Our study included 1033 participants with a median age of 34 years old. The prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni and ultrasound detected urinary tract abnormalities were 11.3% (95% CI 9.5%-13.4%), 5.7% (95% CI 4.3%-7.5%) and 37.9% (95% CI 34.8%-41.2%), respectively. Of the 37.9% with urinary tract abnormalities, 14.5% were positive for Schistosoma haematobium. Reported hematuria in the last month (p = 0.004, aOR 4.385) and blood in the urine dipstick (p = 0.004, aOR 3.958) were markers of Schistosoma haematobium infection. Reporting lower abdominal pain (p = 0.017, aOR 1.599) was associated with ultrasound abnormalities.

Conclusion

Using microscopy and DNA analysis for both Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni in conjunction with urinary ultrasound abnormalities gives us several insights into correlations between disease prevalence (microscopic and anatomical) and demographic details in a high-risk population.
Enhancing lobaplatin sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma through inhibiting LDHA-targeted metabolic pathways
Authors: Yuan Siyu , Ou Wenjie , Mi Xuguang , Hou Junjie
Published: December 2024

Background and objective

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is associated with high incidence and mortality rates. Effective treatment options are limited due to the frequent development of multidrug resistance, making it crucial to identify new therapeutic targets and sensitizing agents. This study investigates the role of Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in enhancing the chemotherapy sensitivity of Lobaplatin (LBP) in LUAD.

Methods

Bioinformatics analyses were performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to assess LDHA expression in LUAD tissues. LUAD cell lines A549 and NCL-H1975 were treated with siRNA targeting LDHA and the small molecule inhibitor Oxamate. We measured changes in lactate production, ATP levels, NAD+ and pyruvate levels, and assessed cell viability. The chemotherapy sensitivity to Lobaplatin was evaluated, and key signaling pathways related to chemotherapy resistance were analyzed.

Results

The inhibition of LDHA resulted in a significant reduction in lactate production and ATP levels, along with an increase in NAD+ and pyruvate levels. These metabolic alterations led to decreased cell viability and enhanced sensitivity to Lobaplatin. The study identified the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as a critical mediator of this enhanced sensitivity, with reduced phosphorylation of AKT observed upon LDHA inhibition. Furthermore, the combination of LDHA inhibition and Lobaplatin treatment demonstrated a synergistic effect, significantly inhibiting tumor growth and highlighting the potential of LDHA as a therapeutic target to overcome drug resistance in LUAD.

Conclusion

Targeting LDHA and disrupting lactate metabolism and its signaling pathways can effectively enhance the sensitivity of LUAD to Lobaplatin, providing a promising approach to overcoming multidrug resistance. These findings offer valuable insights into developing new treatment strategies for lung adenocarcinoma, emphasizing the role of metabolic pathways in cancer therapy.
The effect of Internet use on body weight in Chinese adolescents: Evidence from a nationally longitudinal survey
Authors: Ma Junqi , Sheng Li
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents has been increasing steadily. This study aims to investigates the causal effect and underlying mechanisms between Internet use and body weight among Chinese adolescents. Using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) spanning from 2004 to 2015, the analytical sample includes 3054 participants (aged 11–19, 48% females). We exploit ordinary least squares (OLS) and two-stage least squares (2SLS) models, obtained causal effect of Internet use on body mass index (BMI), overweight and obesity among adolescents. We find a significant positive effect of Internet use on BMI (β = 0.499, p < 0.05) and probability of overweight (β = 0.061, p < 0.05). Specifically, Internet use increases BMI by 2.56%, and increases the probability of being overweight by 6.1%. But no evidence shows that Internet use significantly increases the probability of obesity (p > 0.1). The mechanism is that Internet use increases sedentary activities (mainly screen time) and food consumption behavior, which results in an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure that in turn increases BMI and overweight. Furthermore, the longer the time spent playing games online, the greater the probability of adolescents being overweight (β = 0.012, p < 0.1), whereas time spent watching movies online, surfing online, and chatting online is not significantly associated with body weight. Heterogeneity analyses show that the adverse effects of Internet use on adolescents’ body weight is more pronounced in rural areas and among the male group. This study suggests that reducing time spent playing games online, and increasing physical activity and cultivating healthy eating behaviour can reduce the risk of overweight and obesity in adolescents.
The relationship between lifecourse traumatic events and pain in an older rural South African population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Ting Ting , Payne Collin , Mall Sumaya , Tollman Stephen , Harling Guy
Published: December 2024

Background

Pain in older adults is an increasing concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with literature suggesting an association with past traumatic events (TEs) in high-income settings. We aim to investigate this relationship in a population-representative sample of older adults with high burden of TEs in a rural South African community.

Methods

The Health and Aging in Africa: A longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI) study collected data pain intensity, using the Brief Pain Inventory, and TEs with a 16-item questionnaire, from 2411 participants aged 40–79 in 2014–15. We used logistic regression models to test the association between TE exposure and self-reported pain status.

Results

TE experience was near-universal (99.1% experience of at least one), while 9.0% of participants reported current pain, of which 86.6% was moderate/severe. In multivariable regression, increased odds of moderate/severe pain was associated with more TEs of any kind (OR 1.08; 95%CI 1.02–1.15 per additional TE) and with past exposure to disasters, accidents and illnesses (men and women), violence in the community (women only) and social/family environment problems (men only)–but not with childhood or war-related TEs.

Conclusions

TEs were associated with pain even within a rural resource-limited setting where trauma experiences were extremely common. However, associations varied by TE type and sex. Interventions to prevent pain in older adults need to be targeted to block specific mechanisms that vary within even at-risk populations.
Revisiting the standard for modeling functional brain network activity: Application to consciousness
Authors: Grigis Antoine , Gomez Chloé , Frouin Vincent , Duchesnay Edouard , Uhrig Lynn , Jarraya Béchir
Published: December 2024

Functional connectivity (FC) of resting-state fMRI time series can be estimated using methods that differ in their temporal sensitivity (static vs. dynamic) and the number of regions included in the connectivity estimation (derived from a prior atlas). This paper presents a novel framework for identifying and quantifying resting-state networks using resting-state fMRI recordings. The study employs a linear latent variable model to generate spatially distinct brain networks and their associated activities. It specifically addresses the atlas selection problem, and the statistical inference and multivariate analysis of the obtained brain network activities. The approach is demonstrated on a dataset of resting-state fMRI recordings from monkeys under different anesthetics using static FC. Our results suggest that two networks, one fronto-parietal and cingular and another temporo-parieto-occipital (posterior brain) strongly influences shifts in consciousness, especially between anesthesia and wakefulness. Interestingly, this observation aligns with the two prominent theories of consciousness: the global neural workspace and integrated information theories of consciousness. The proposed method is also able to decipher the level of anesthesia from the brain network activities. Overall, we provide a framework that can be effectively applied to other datasets and may be particularly useful for the study of disorders of consciousness.
From clicks to calories: Online-to-offline food consumption and overweight and obesity
Authors: Zou Yuanyi , Lin Lin
Published: December 2024

The rise in online-to-offline (O2O) take-out food consumption has become a global urban phenomenon. While links between general fast-food consumption and increased risks of overweight and obesity are well-documented, the specific relationship with O2O take-out food has not been thoroughly examined. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating the impacts of take-out food consumption on the risks of being overweight and obese among urban residents. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between April and July 2022. 716 adult respondents from the metropolitan areas of Shanghai and Suzhou were recruited. Being overweight and obese were measured using self-reported weight and height. Frequencies and preferences of O2O take-out food consumption behaviors were measured using the validated questions designed based on Food Frequency Questionnaires and Dietary Screeners, respectively. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire’s short form measured the physical activity level. Cronbach’s alpha and Expletory Factor Analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the O2O take-out food-related dietary questions. Binary logistic regression models are developed to examine associations between O2O take-out food consumption behaviors and being overweight or obese, adjusting for individual factors, physical activity level, and non-O2O take-out food consumption. The results indicated a direct correlation between frequent O2O take-out consumption and higher risks of overweight and obesity (odds ratio 1.087, 95%CI 1.068~1.106). The preference for ordering Western-style fast-food positively contributed to being overweight and obese (odds ratio 1.071, 95%CI 1.046~1.095). Conversely, a preference for Chinese-style fast food initially appeared to reduce these risks, although the association diminished when accounting for fruit and vegetable consumption. This study represents a pioneering exploration into the effects of O2O take-out food on overweight and obesity. The study results identified an association between the habitual use of O2O take-outs and an increased propensity for being overweight and obese.
Impact of combined exercise on blood DNA methylation and physical health in older women with obesity
Authors: Dawangpa Atchara , Chitta Pitaksin , Rodrigues Guilherme da Silva , Iadsee Nutta , Noronha Natália Y. , Nonino Carla B. , Bueno Júnior Carlos R. , Sae-Lee Chanachai
Published: December 2024

This study examined the effects of a 14-week combined exercise program on blood DNA methylation (DNAm) and its potential biological pathways in normal-weight, overweight, and obese older women. A total of 41 participants were assessed at baseline, 7 weeks, and 14 weeks into the training. Their whole-blood DNAm profiles were measured using the Infinitum MethylationEPIC BeadChip, alongside physical and biochemical health evaluations. The results showed notable health improvements, with decreases in blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the overweight and obese groups. Blood triglycerides were reduced only in the overweight group. Physical performance also improved across all groups. At 14 weeks, 1,043 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were identified, affecting 744 genes. The genes were linked to biological processes, such as cellular metabolism, with significant pathway enrichment related to oxidative phosphorylation and chemical carcinogenesis. Additionally, the overweight group experienced significant reductions in methylation levels at eight lipogenesis-related genes. Protein EpiScore analysis revealed decreased levels of CCL11, VEGFA, and NTRK3 proteins at 14 weeks compared to baseline. Despite these significant molecular changes, there was no observable difference in DNAm age after the intervention. This study highlights how combined exercise can modify DNAm patterns in older women, particularly in lipogenesis-related genes, but suggests that further research is needed to understand the full implications for biological ageing.
Associations between dietary mycotoxins exposures and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a European cohort
Authors: Huybrechts Inge , Jacobs Inarie , Biessy Carine , Aglago Elom K. , Jenab Mazda , Claeys Liesel , Zavadil Jiri , Casagrande Corinne , Nicolas Genevieve , Scelo Ghislaine , Altieri Andrea , Fervers Beatrice , Oswald Isabelle P. , Vignard Julien , Chimera Bernadette , Magistris Maria Santucci de , Masala Giovanna , Palli Domenico , Padroni Lisa , Castilla Jesús , Jiménez-Zabala Ana , Frenoy Pauline , Mancini Francesca Romana , Ren Xuan , Sonestedt Emily , Vineis Paolo , Heath Alicia , Werner Mårten , Molina-Montes Esther , Dahm Christina C. , Langmann Fie , Huerta José María , Brustad Magritt , Skeie Guri , Schulze Matthias B. , Agudo Antonio , Sieri Sabina , Korenjak Michael , Gunter Marc J. , De Saeger Sarah , De Boevre Marthe
Published: December 2024

Mycotoxins have been hypothesized to contribute to a diversity of adverse health effects in humans, even at low concentrations. Certain mycotoxins are established human carcinogens, whereas for others research suggests potential carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary exposure to mycotoxins and hepatobiliary cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. EPIC questionnaire data were matched to mycotoxin food occurrence data compiled by the European Food Safety Authority to assess long-term dietary mycotoxin exposure (expressed as μg/kg body weight/day) and then relate them to the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 255) and biliary tract cancers (n = 273). Analyses were conducted using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Key food groups contributing to mycotoxin exposure were cereals and cereal-based products, vegetables, non-alcoholic beverages (including fruit juices) and fruits. Estimated intake of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives was positively associated with HCC risk (HRT3vsT1: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.18–3.05, p-trend <0.01). No statistically significant associations were found for the other mycotoxins. Further research to confirm our observations and investigate potential underlying mechanisms of these compounds is warranted. These data may provide evidence of HCC risks associated with higher dietary intake levels of DON, which has not yet been classified as a human carcinogen.
In vitro safety evaluation of dopamine D3R antagonist, R-VK4-116, as a potential medication for the treatment of opioid use disorder
Authors: Nandre Rahul M. , Newman Amy Hauck , Terse Pramod S.
Published: December 2024

R-VK4-116 is currently being developed as a medication to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). To characterize in vitro safety properties of R-VK4-116, metabolic stability in hepatocytes or liver microsomes, metabolite identification, metabolism/transporter-mediated drug interactions, lysosomal perturbation, mitochondrial toxicity, off-target enzyme effects, cellular and nuclear receptor functional assays, electrophysiological assays, CiPA, KINOMEscanTM, plasma protein binding, phospholipidosis and steatosis assays were performed. Overall, R-VK4-116 was metabolically stable in hepatocytes and microsomes. Four major metabolites were detected: two mono-oxidation products, one di-oxidation product, and one demethylated plus di-oxidation product. CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 were major contributors in R-VK4-116 metabolism. Further, R-VK4-116 did not induce/inhibit CYP enzymes. However, R-VK4-116 inhibited BCRP/P-gp, and showed antagonist effects on α1A(h), H1(h) and agonist effect on hGABAA∞1β2γ2 at 10 μM. R-VK4-116 inhibited hERG and Kir2.1 at a high concentration of 100 μM. KINOMEscanTM provided 5 hits (CHEK2, HPK1, MARK3, SRPK2 and TNK1) with Kds of >10 μM. Further, R-VK4-116 was bound to human, rat and dog plasma proteins (~83–93%). R-VK4-116 did not induce lysosome perturbation, mitochondrial toxicity, phospholipidosis, or steatosis at ≤10 μM. These results demonstrated that R-VK4-116 possesses favorable in vitro safety properties and supports further development as a potential medication for OUD.
Development and validation of a self-administered computerized cognitive assessment based on automatic speech recognition
Authors: Kong Hyun-Ho , Shin Kwangsoo , Yang Dong-Seok , Kim Aryun , Joo Hyeon-Seong , Oh Min Woo , Lee Jeonghwan
Published: December 2024

Existing computerized cognitive tests (CCTs) lack speech recognition, which limits their assessment of language function. Therefore, we developed CogMo, a self-administered CCT that uses automatic speech recognition (ASR) to assess multi-domain cognitive functions, including language. This study investigated the validity and reliability of CogMo in discriminating cognitive impairments. CogMo automatically provides CCT results; however, manual scoring using recorded audio was performed to verify its ASR accuracy. The mini–mental state examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive functions. Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the MMSE and CogMo results, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the test-retest reliability of CogMo, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis validated its diagnostic accuracy for cognitive impairments. Data of 100 participants (70 with normal cognition, 30 with cognitive impairment), mean age 74.6±7.4 years, were analyzed. The CogMo scores indicated significant differences in cognitive levels for all test items, including manual and automatic scoring for the speech recognition test, and a very high correlation (r = 0.98) between the manual and automatic CogMo scores. Additionally, the total CogMo and MMSE scores exhibited a strong correlation (r = 0.89). Moreover, CogMo exhibited high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.94) and ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.89 (sensitivity = 90.0%, specificity = 82.9%) at a cutoff value of 68.8 points. The CogMo demonstrated adequate validity and reliability for discriminating multi-domain cognitive impairment, including language function, in community-dwelling older adults.
Estimation of foveal avascular zone area from a B-scan OCT image using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Toyama Taku , Maruko Ichiro , Zhou Han Peng , Ikeda Miki , Hasegawa Taiji , Iida Tomohiro , Aihara Makoto , Ueta Takashi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The objective of this study is to estimate the area of the Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) from B-scan OCT images using machine learning algorithms.

Methods

We developed machine learning models to predict the FAZ area from OCT B-scan images of eyes without retinal vascular diseases. The study involved three models: Model 1 predicted the FAZ length from B-scan images; Model 2 estimated the FAZ area from the predicted length using 1, 3, or 5 horizontal measurements; and Model 3 converted the FAZ area from pixels to mm2. The models’ performance was evaluated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R2). The FAZ area was subsequently estimated by sequentially applying Models 1→2→3 on a new dataset.

Results

Model 1 achieved a MAE of 2.86, MSE of 17.56, and R2 of 0.87. Model 2’s performance improved with the number of horizontal measurements, with the best results obtained using 5 lines (MAE: 40.36, MSE: 3129.65, R2: 0.95). Model 3 achieved a MAE of 1.52e-3, MSE of 4.0e-6, and R2 of 1.0. The accuracy of FAZ area estimation increased with the number of B-scan images used, with the correlation coefficient rising from 0.475 (1 line) to 0.596 (5 lines). Bland–Altman analysis showed improved agreement between predicted and actual FAZ areas with increasing B-scan images, evidenced by decreasing biases and narrower limits of agreement.

Conclusions

This study successfully developed machine learning models capable of predicting FAZ area from OCT B-scan images. These findings demonstrate the potential for using OCT images to predict OCTA data, particularly in populations where OCTA imaging is challenging, such as children and the elderly. Future studies could explore the developmental mechanisms of the FAZ and macula, providing new insights into retinal health across different age groups.
Climate change and Vibrio vulnificus dynamics: A blueprint for infectious diseases
Authors: Jayakumar Jane M. , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime , Brumfield Kyle D. , Jutla Antarpreet S. , Colwell Rita R. , Cordero Otto X. , Almagro-Moreno Salvador
Published: December 2024

Climate change is having increasingly profound effects on human health, notably those associated with the occurrence, distribution, and transmission of infectious diseases. The number of disparate ecological parameters and pathogens affected by climate change are vast and expansive. Disentangling the complex relationship between these variables is critical for the development of effective countermeasures against its effects. The pathogen Vibrio vulnificus, a naturally occurring aquatic bacterium that causes fulminant septicemia, represents a quintessential climate-sensitive organism. In this review, we use V. vulnificus as a model organism to elucidate the intricate network of interactions between climatic factors and pathogens, with the objective of identifying common patterns by which climate change is affecting their disease burden. Recent findings indicate that in regions native to V. vulnificus or related pathogens, climate-driven natural disasters are the chief contributors to their disease outbreaks. Concurrently, climate change is increasing the environmental suitability of areas non-endemic to their diseases, promoting a surge in their natural populations and transmission dynamics, thus elevating the risk of new outbreaks. We highlight potential risk factors and climatic drivers aggravating the threat of V. vulnificus transmission under both scenarios and propose potential measures for mitigating its impact. By defining the mechanisms by which climate change influences V. vulnificus disease burden, we aim to shed light on the transmission dynamics of related disease-causing agents, thereby laying the groundwork for early warning systems and broadly applicable control measures.
Behind the veil: An archaeothanatological approach to possible shrouding in a medieval multi-faith cemetery from Santarém, Portugal.
Authors: Trombley Trent , Matias António , Agarwal Sabrina
Published: December 2024

Archaeothanatology has helped immensely to better understand complex burial dynamics and funerary treatment. Recently, scholars have employed this approach in attempts to reconstruct possible shrouding of corpses prior to interment, which often degrade entirely. This approach can potentially reveal funerary evidence of burial containers despite their archaeological absence. We employ a similar approach to test the possible employment of burial shrouds at the medieval site of Largo Cândido dos Reis in Santarém, Portugal. Given the multi-faith (Islamic and Christian) nature of the site, the site presents an opportunity to examine multi-faith community funerary patterns within the same geographic space. The shrouding of the corpse with ‘Yemeni cotton’ (kafan) if often cited as traditional to Islamic funerary treatment, yet confirmation of this has been difficult to identify archaeologically. Conversely, Christian funerary treatment does not canonically reference shrouding, but the presence of needles around the body in some burials suggest otherwise. We present an analysis of 119 individuals (70 Islamic, 49 Christian). Results suggest that while numerous Islamic burials show possible evidence of shrouding, the narrow and shallow construction of Islamic graves at the site likely complicate interpretations. Future work is needed to refine our understanding of lateral decubitus burials.
Reflexão sobre o fundamento da dignidade humana a partir da espiritualidade natural
Authors: Costa Meireles Marcos Vinicius da
Published: December 2024

Ao considerar a espiritualidade natural como centro de organização e estruturação na dinâmica do ser no mundo, motivado pela busca de sentido para a vida, este artigo reflete sobre o conceito de espiritualidade natural enquanto fundamento da dignidade da pessoa humana e sua possível relação com a promoção da qualidade da felicidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza teórico-bibliográfica que referenda os trabalhos de Viktor Frankl e Maria Glória Dittrich. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de uma reflexão mais profunda sobre a constituição do ser humano, como fonte de dignidade. Ressalta-se, ainda, a importância da dimensão espiritual para o bem-estar físico, emocional e social do indivíduo.