bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two distinct ship emission profiles for organic-sulfate source apportionment of PM in sulfur emission control areas
Authors: Fossum Kirsten N. , Lin Chunshui , O'Sullivan Niall , Lei Lu , Hellebust Stig , Ceburnis Darius , Afzal Aqeel , Tremper Anja , Green David , Jain Srishti , Byčenkienė Steigvilė , O'Dowd Colin , Wenger John , Ovadnevaite Jurgita
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Source apportionment quantitatively links pollution to its source but can be difficult to perform in areas like ports where emissions from shipping and other port-related activities are intrinsically linked. Here we present the analysis of aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) data using combined organic and sulfate ion positive matrix factorisation (PMF) during an intensive measurement campaign in Dublin Port. Two main types of ship emissions were identified by this technique: sulfate-rich (S-Ship) and organic-rich (O-Ship). The S-Ship emissions were attributed to heavy fuel oil use and are characterised by particles with standard V/Ni ratios from 2.7–3.9 and a large fraction of acidic sulfate aerosol. The O-Ship emissions were attributed to low-sulfur fuel types and were comprised mostly of organic aerosol (OA) with the V/Ni ratios ranging only from 0–2.3. O-Ship plumes occurred over 3 times more frequently than S-Ship plumes during the measurement period. A third minor ship emission factor (X-Ship) was resolved by PMF but not clearly attributable to any specific fuel type. Overall, ship plumes had PM1 concentrations in the range 4–252 µg m−3, with extreme concentrations usually lasting for 5–35 min. Despite their short duration, shipping emission plumes were frequent and contributed to at least 28 % of PM1 (i.e. 14 % O-Ship, 12 % S-Ship, and 2 % X-Ship). Moreover, hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and black carbon could also originate, in part, from shipping-related activities such as ferry traffic and heavy-goods vehicles, suggesting that the overall contribution of shipping activity to ambient PM1 is likely higher, upwards of 47 %.
Impact of meteorology and aerosol sources on PM2.5 and oxidative potential variability and levels in China
Authors: Liu Jiemei , Christensen Jesper H. , Ye Zhuyun , Dong Shikui , Geels Camilla , Brandt Jørgen , Nenes Athanasios , Yuan Yuan , Im Ulas
Published: September 2024

Abstract. China has long-term high PM2.5 levels, and its oxidative potential (OP) is worth studying as it may unravel the impacts of aerosol pollution on public health better than PM2.5 alone. OP refers to the ability of PM2.5 to induce oxidative stress (OS). OP and PM2.5 are influenced by meteorological factors, anthropogenic emission sources, and atmospheric aging. Although their impact on PM2.5 has been studied, OP measurements only recently became available and on a limited scale, as they require considerable technical expertise and resources. For this, the joint relationship between PM2.5 and OP for a wide range of meteorological conditions and emission profiles remain elusive. Towards this, we estimated PM2.5 and OP over China using the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) system with meteorological input from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. It was found that higher values of PM2.5 and OP were primarily concentrated in urban agglomerations in the central and eastern regions of China, while lower values were found in the western and northeastern regions. Furthermore, the probability density function revealed that about 40 % of areas in China had annual average PM2.5 concentrations exceeding the Chinese concentration limit. For OP, 36 % of the regions have OP below 1 nmolmin-1m-3, 41 % have OP between 1 and 2 nmolmin-1m-3, and 23 % have OP above 2 nmolmin-1m-3, which are in line with previous measurement studies. Analysis of the simulations indicates that meteorological conditions contributed 46 % and 65 % to PM2.5 concentrations and OP variability, respectively, while anthropogenic emissions contributed 54 % and 35 % to PM2.5 concentrations and OP variability, respectively. The emission sensitivity analysis also highlighted the fact that PM2.5 and OP levels are mostly determined by secondary aerosol formation and biomass burning.
UAV-based in situ measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes over complex natural ecosystems
Authors: Bolek Abdullah , Heimann Martin , Göckede Mathias
Published: September 2024

Abstract. This study presents an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) platform used to resolve horizontal and vertical patterns of CO2 and CH4 mole fractions within the lower part of the atmospheric boundary layer. The obtained data contribute important information for upscaling fluxes from natural ecosystems over heterogeneous terrain and for constraining hot spots of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This observational tool, therefore, has the potential to complement existing stationary carbon monitoring networks for GHGs, such as eddy covariance towers and manual flux chambers. The UAV platform is equipped with two gas analyzers for CO2 and CH4 that are connected sequentially. In addition, a 2D anemometer is deployed above the rotor plane to measure environmental parameters including 2D wind speed, air temperature, humidity, and pressure. Laboratory and field tests demonstrate that the platform is capable of providing data with reliable accuracy, with good agreement between the UAV data and tower-based measurements of CO2, H2O, and wind speed. Using interpolated maps of GHG mole fractions, with this tool we assessed the signal variability over a target area and identified potential hot spots. Our study shows that the UAV platform provides information about the spatial variability of the lowest part of the boundary layer, which to date remains poorly observed, especially in remote areas such as the Arctic. Furthermore, using the profile method, it is demonstrated that the GHG fluxes from a local sources can be calculated. Although subject to large uncertainties over the area of interest, the comparison between the eddy covariance method and UAV-based calculations showed acceptable qualitative agreement.
Leaf habit drives leaf nutrient resorption globally alongside nutrient availability and climate
Authors: Sophia Gabriela , Caldararu Silvia , Stocker Benjamin David , Zaehle Sönke
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves can significantly affect ecosystem nutrient cycling, making it an essential process to better understand long-term plant productivity under environmental change that affects the balance between nutrient availability and demand. Although it is known that nutrient resorption rates vary strongly between different species and across environmental gradients, the underlying driving factors are insufficiently quantified. Here, we present an analysis of globally distributed observations of leaf nutrient resorption to investigate the factors driving resorption efficiencies for nitrogen (NRE) and phosphorus (PRE). Our results show that leaf structure and habit, together with indicators of nutrient availability, are the two most important factors driving spatial variation in NRE. Overall, we find higher NRE in deciduous plants (65.2 % ± 12.4 %, n=400) than in evergreen plants (57.9 % ± 11.4 %, n=551), likely associated with a higher share of metabolic N in leaves of deciduous plants. Tropical regions show the lowest resorption for N (NRE: 52.4 % ± 12.1 %), and tundra ecosystems in polar regions show the highest (NRE: 69.6 % ± 12.8 %). At the same time, the PRE is lowest in temperate regions (57.8 % ± 13.6 %) and highest in boreal regions (67.3 % ± 13.6 %). Soil clay content, N and P atmospheric deposition (globally available proxies for soil fertility), and mean annual precipitation (MAP) play an important role in this pattern. The statistical relationships developed in this analysis indicate the important role of leaf habit and type for nutrient cycling and guide improved representations of plant-internal nutrient recycling and nutrient conservation strategies in vegetation models.
The Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern New England and New York during and at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum: a cosmogenic-nuclide chronology
Authors: Balter-Kennedy Allie , Schaefer Joerg M. , Balco Greg , Kelly Meredith A. , Kaplan Michael R. , Schwartz Roseanne , Oakley Bryan , Young Nicolás E. , Hanley Jean , Varuolo-Clarke Arianna M.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. We present 40 new 10Be exposure ages of moraines and other glacial deposits left behind by the southeastern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) in southern New England and New York, summarize the regional moraine record, and interpret the dataset in the context of previously published deglaciation chronologies. The regional moraine record spans the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), with the outermost ridge of the terminal complex dating to ∼ 26–25 ka, the innermost ridge of the terminal complex dating to ∼ 22 ka, and a series of smaller recessional limits within ∼ 50 km of the terminal complex dating to ∼ 21–20.5 ka. The chronology generally agrees with independent age constraints from radiocarbon and glacial varves. A few inconsistencies between ages from cosmogenic-nuclide measurements and those from other dating methods are explained by geological scatter, where several bedrock samples and boulders from the outer terminal moraine exhibit nuclide inheritance, while some exposure ages of large moraines are likely affected by postdepositional disturbance. The exposure age chronology places the southeastern sector of the LIS at or near its maximum extent, from ∼ 26 to 21 ka, which is broadly consistent with the LGM sea-level lowstand, local and regional temperature indicators, and local summer insolation. The net change in LIS extent, represented by this chronology, occurred more slowly (< 5 to 25 m yr−1) than the subsequent retreat through the rest of New England, consistent with a slow general rise in insolation and modeled summer temperature. We conclude that the major pulse of LIS deglaciation and accelerated recession, recorded by dated glacial deposits north of the moraines discussed here, did not begin until after atmospheric CO2 increased around 18 ka, marking the onset of Termination I.
End User Applications for Ocean Forecasting: present status description
Authors: Novellino Antonio , Arnaud Alain , Schiller Andreas , Wan Liying
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The direct benefit of developing ocean forecasting systems and in improving the accuracy of the predictions is practically demonstrated through downstream applications. These systems are considered pillars of the Blue Economy, offering potential for economy, environmental sustainability, creation of new job opportunities and actively supporting decision making. In this paper, the authors outline the main sectors currently benefiting from ocean model products, reviewing the state-of-the-art and potential use for societal activities, management and planning.
Identifying airborne snow metamorphism with stable water isotopes
Authors: Wahl Sonja , Walter Benjamin , Aemisegger Franziska , Bianchi Luca , Lehning Michael
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Wind-blown snow is a frequent phenomenon in high-elevation and polar regions which impacts the surface energy and mass balance of these areas. Loose surface snow gets eroded and transported by wind, which influences the snow particles' physical properties (size, shape, optical properties) that determine the characteristics of the emerging wind-impacted snowpack layer. During airborne snow transport, the governing processes happen on the micro-scale while the particles are transported over long distances. The unfolding processes and the evolution of the particles' physical properties are thus difficult to observe in situ. Here, we used cold-laboratory ring wind tunnel experiments as an interim solution to study the governing processes during airborne snow transport with stable water isotopes as tracers for these micro-scale processes. Repeated analysis of airborne-sampled snow by micro-computed tomography (µCT) documented a growing and rounding of snow particles with transport time, with a concurrent decrease in specific surface area. Stable water isotope analysis of airborne snow and water vapour allowed us to attribute this evolution to the process of airborne snow metamorphism. The changes observed in the snow isotopic composition showed a clear isotopic signature of metamorphic deposition, which requires particle–air temperature gradients. These results question the validity of the thermal-equilibrium assumption between particles and air inside the saltation layer of wind-blown snow events, where the conditions are similar to the ones found in the wind tunnel. Our results thus refine the understanding of the governing processes in the saltation layer and suggest that the snow's isotopic composition can inform on local wind-blown snow events as the original snow isotope signal gets overprinted by airborne snow metamorphism. Within transport times of 3 h, we observed changes in the isotope signal of airborne snow of up to +1.47 ‰ in δ18O, ±5.7 ‰ in δD, and −6.1 ‰ in d-excess. Thus, airborne snow metamorphism has the potential to influence the climate signal stored in snow and ice core stable water isotope records.
Compromiso con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, desempeño económico y recursos humanos
Authors: Licandro Oscar , Ortigueira-Sánchez Luis Camilo , Barrueta Pinto Mark Christhian
Published: September 2024

El creciente compromiso de las empresas con el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Agenda 2030 de Naciones Unidas plantea la interrogante sobre cuáles son los beneficios que las empresas pueden obtener de ese compromiso. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la relación entre ese compromiso y la generación de dos tipos de beneficios para las empresas: los económicos y los relacionados con el desempeño de los recursos humanos. Se utilizó información relevada mediante un cuestionario, que fue respondido por una muestra de empresas que participaron en un programa de autoevaluación de la Responsabilidad Social Empresaria. El cuestionario incluye indicadores sobre: 1) aplicación de prácticas específicas relacionadas con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible; 2) desempeño corporativo (económico y en materia de recursos humanos); 3) protección de los intereses de los accionistas y de la sostenibilidad de la empresa. Para validar los índices construidos con base en los indicadores se utilizó el Alfa de Cronbach y el análisis factorial. La relación entre ellos se estudió mediante correlaciones simples y correlaciones parciales. Se encontró correlación positiva entre compromiso con esos objetivos y desempeño corporativo, y que ese compromiso no implica desproteger los intereses de los accionistas o poner en riesgo la sostenibilidad de la empresa. Además de contribuir al desarrollo en este campo de investigación, estos resultados aportan argumentos a las instituciones que promueven la Agenda 2030 y a los directivos de empresas interesados en involucrar a sus empresas con esta agenda.
Resiliencia y competencias emprendedoras de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Midolo-Ramos Wilfredo Román , Cornejo-Condori Yaneth María , Vera-Ballón Ernesto Luis
Published: September 2024

El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la relación de la resiliencia y las competencias emprendedoras de los estudiantes universitarios en sus tres dimensiones (interpersonales, sistémicas e instrumentales). La metodología utilizada para el estudio fue de una investigación no experimental de enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo relacional y transversal, se aplicó un cuestionario para la muestra aleatoria de 438 estudiantes universitarios (n=35; α=0.962) se aplicaron pruebas de validez y confiabilidad, análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio a través del modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales de cuadrados mininos parciales AMOS 24, además de un análisis multigrupo para explorar la heterogeneidad de la resiliencia y de las competencias emprendedoras. Los resultados muestran una relación entre la resiliencia y las competencias emprendedoras: con Comp. Interpersonales al 53.6%, con Comp. Sistémicas al 65.4% y con Comp. Instrumentales al 53.6% (correlación de Rho de Spearman). Se concluye que hay una correlación positiva entre la resiliencia y las competencias emprendedoras corroborado por Caldera Montes et al. y Riso Risquez et al. quienes en su investigación concluye que los estudiantes universitarios obtienes altos niveles de resiliencia, la mayor correlación se produce con las competencias sistémicas.
Benchmarking: la llave para desbloquear el potencial de la educación virtual universitaria
Authors: Rojas Carrasco Oscar , Vivas Escalante Amely , Doria Velarde Adán
Published: September 2024

El presente trabajo busca examinar el uso del benchmarking como una herramienta estratégica para elevar los estándares de calidad en los servicios educativos en universidades de educación a distancia. La investigación adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo para la recopilación y el análisis de datos, realizando un estudio comparativo entre dos universidades en Chile. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo con diseño no experimental transversal, permitiendo la recolección y análisis de datos numéricos para describir las características y tendencias actuales de la educación virtual universitaria en el país. El análisis comparó las mejores prácticas nacionales, considerando criterios como las tasas de retención y graduación en programas virtuales, la satisfacción de estudiantes y egresados con la educación virtual y la calidad de los recursos y materiales didácticos virtuales. Este estudio evidencia el valor del benchmarking como una herramienta efectiva para promover mejoras significativas en los procesos educativos y subraya la importancia de adaptar las mejores prácticas a las necesidades particulares de cada institución.
Producción de noticias sobre la llegada de personas migrantes por mar a costas españolas: el caso de las Islas Baleares
Authors: Ruiz Aranguren María
Published: September 2024

Este artículo explora las estrategias comunicativas de los periodistas y los gabinetes institucionales ante la llegada de migrantes por mar a costas españolas a través de un estudio de caso: las Islas Baleares. Para ello se toman como punto de partida los estudios sobre medios y las aproximaciones críticas a la performatividad de las fronteras. Los resultados indican que se publica información numérica, seriada y de fuente única en el caso de las instituciones, reactiva en el caso de las organizaciones gestoras y condicionada por procesos institucionales de securitización de las migraciones en el caso de los periodistas. Estos últimos centran su labor en la reproducción del número de llegadas y en el despliegue procedimental asociado a la ley de extranjería, por lo que se genera un efecto informativo redundante sobre los procedimientos de «gestión de la inmigración». El estudio muestra la necesidad de analizar la representación mediática de las migraciones atendiendo a su gobernanza.
Gendered disinformation in Spanish-language fact-checking: origin, methodology, and perspectives
Authors: Pérez Pereiro Marta , Moreno Gil Victoria , Salgado de Dios Francesc
Published: September 2024

The recent surge in disinformation targeting gender themes poses a substantial threat to women’s equality in democratic systems. This study investigates the efforts of three fact-checking platforms prominent in Ibero-America (Maldita.es and Newtral in Spain and Chequeado in Argentina) in countering antifeminist fake news. Employing a dual methodology, we conducted a content analysis of pieces published on gender issues over one year and semi-structured interviews with representatives from these platforms. The findings unveil a consistent production of texts addressing contemporary feminist affairs. Disinformers target both the feminist movement and its historical grievances, including gender-based violence. Fact checks emerge as the primary format for combating these hoaxes, with explainers gaining against increasingly complex disinformation narratives. The verification methodology emphasizes consulting official sources and expert testimony. Interviewees acknowledge that there is still much progress to be made in gender-related fact-checking.
«José Luis Martínez Albertos: “Estudios nació como revista artesanal guiada por la intuición periodística”».
Authors: Martínez Albertos José Luis
Published: September 2024

José Luis Martínez Albertos (Vigo, 1930) nació justo el año en que Manuel Graña publicó sus memorables Ejercicios y orientaciones de Periodismo. Algo se veía venir. Durante el bachillerato (que constaba entonces de siete cursos), fue corresponsal del diario Baleares. Al acabar la carrera de Derecho, Martínez Albertos viaja a Madrid y se matricula en la Escuela Oficial de Periodismo. Comienza entonces su inmersión en el ejercicio profesional. Escribe en la revista La actualidad española («ahí me fogueé como reportero», cuenta) y algo más tarde en Nuestro Tiempo, fundada por Antonio Fontán en 1954 y en la que José Luis Martínez Albertos es director entre 1962 y 1963. Después de trabajar como redactor jefe en El Diario de Navarra y El Correo Español, puso en marcha y dirigió el diario La Provincia. En 1968, el Tribunal de Orden Público llegó a pedir para él seis años y un día de cárcel por «difusión de noticias peligrosas» en la revista El Mundo, de Barcelona. Esas «noticias peligrosas» estaban relacionadas con un simple reportaje sobre el sindicato Comisiones Obreras, considerado «subversivo» por el régimen franquista.
News production on the arrival of migrants by sea to Spanish coasts: the case of the Balearic Islands
Authors: Ruiz Aranguren María
Published: September 2024

This article explores the communicative strategies of journalists and institutional offices onthe arrival of migrants by sea to Spanish coasts through a case study: the Balearic Islands. For this purpose,media studies and critical approaches to the performativity of borders are taken as a starting point. Theresults indicate the emission of numerical, serialized and single source information in the case of theinstitutions, reactive in the case of the managing organizations and conditioned by institutional processes ofsecuritization of migrations in the case of journalists, who focus their work on the reproduction of the numberof arrivals and on the procedural deployment associated with the immigration law, generating a redundantinformative effect on the procedures of “immigration management”. The study shows the need to analyze themedia representation of migration in terms of its governance.
Las cooperativas agroalimentarias de segundo grado de nueva generación. Un estudio de casos
Authors: Meliá Martí Elena , Juliá Igual Juan Francisco , Lajara-Camilleri Natalia
Published: September 2024

En los últimos años se han intensificado los procesos de concentración en las cooperativas agroalimentarias en España buscando una mayor dimensión que les permita mejorar las rentas de sus socios agricultores vía reducción de costes por economías de escala, mejora en la posición negociadora en los mercados por operar con un mayor volumen, o por la ampliación en el número de servicios ofertados. Uno de los escollos que suelen encontrar estos procesos es la reticencia de los socios a perder la identidad jurídica de las cooperativas lo que ha propiciado que sea la fórmula de la cooperativa de segundo grado el instrumento más utilizado. Este trabajo describe una variante de esta fórmula, que hemos denominado cooperativa de segundo grado de nueva generación, en la que se integran todos los procesos operativos de las cooperativas socias bajo una única gestión, extendiendo los beneficios de escala. Este estudio ilustra el modelo mediante la descripción de tres casos de cooperativas que han adoptado esta fórmula. A través de entrevistas a los presidentes y directivos de las cooperativas implicadas se identifican ventajas y dificultades y se constata una mejora en la satisfacción de los socios vía incremento en la liquidación final del producto entregado.
1. KẾT HỢP DEXMEDETOMIDINE VÀ KETAMIN ĐỂ AN THẦN TỰ THỞ CHO BỆNH NHÂN NHI ĐANG THỰC HIỆN THÔNG TIM: KẾT QUẢ BAN ĐẦU TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI TRUNG ƯƠNG VIỆT NAM
Authors: Hằng Nguyễn Thị Thu , Nam Đỗ Văn , Hà Nguyễn Thị Ngọc , Minh Đỗ Thanh , Trang Hoàng Thị Thu , Anh Nguyễn Thị Vân , Huệ Vũ Thị , Anh Nguyễn Ngọc , Phúc Nguyễn Xuân , Tuyên Hà Ngọc
Published: September 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá ban đầu hiệu quả và sự an toàn của việc kết hợp Dexmedetomidine và Ketamin trong việc an thần tự thở cho bệnh nhi mắc bệnh tim bẩm sinh cần thông tim.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu theo nhóm quan sát từ ngày 1/6/2024 đến ngày 31/7/2024 trên bệnh nhi mắc bệnh tim bẩm sinh chỉ định thông tim. Kết hợp tiêm tĩnh mạch Dexmedetomidine 2 mg/kg trong 10 phút, Ketamin 1 mg/kg; duy trì bằng tiêm Dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg/giờ và Ketamin 1 mg/kg/giờ, điều chỉnh liều dựa trên phản ứng của bệnh nhân để đạt mục tiêu an thần tự thở với mức Ramsay 6, gây mê kèm gây tê tại chỗ. Theo dõi ảnh hưởng của thuốc đến mức độ an thần trong quá trình can thiệp, nhịp tim, huyết áp trung bình, tần suất thở, nồng độ CO2 tận cùng, độ bão hòa oxy trong máu ngoại vi, thang đo Stewards trong thời gian hồi phục và các tác dụng không mong muốn.
Kết quả: Tổng cộng có 32 bệnh nhân từ 4 tháng đến 16 tuổi được đưa vào nghiên cứu, 60% có suy tim từ độ III trở lên, thời gian thông tim trung bình là 100,09 ± 51,68 (40-250) phút, thời gian gây mê trung bình là 121,18 ± 53,30 (55-280) phút. Có 7/32 trường hợp nhịp chậm xoang cần điều trị bằng Atropine, trong đó 3 trường hợp do kích thích ống thông, và 3 trường hợp là nhịp chậm trong phòng hồi phục. Không có bệnh nhân nào tăng hoặc giảm huyết áp đến mức cần điều trị. Các chỉ số hô hấp đều trong giới hạn cho phép, không có bệnh nhân nào cần hỗ trợ hô hấp. Thời gian bệnh nhân tỉnh khi gọi là 85,20 ± 34,32 (10-160) phút; thời gian bệnh nhân mở mắt tự nhiên là 105,46 ± 54,55 (15-320) phút, 34% bệnh nhân được thêm Ketamin do di động trong quá trình can thiệp nhưng không có bệnh nhân nào phải chuyển sang gây mê toàn thân; chỉ có 1 bệnh nhân bị buồn nôn/nôn trong phòng hồi phục, không ghi nhận tác dụng không mong muốn khác.
Kết luận: Sự kết hợp giữa Dexmedetomidine và Ketamin trong thông tim ở trẻ em có hiệu quả an thần tốt, duy trì hô hấp tự phát của bệnh nhân và an toàn.
12. BÁO CÁO CA LÂM SÀNG ĐẶT VÀ RÚT NỘI KHÍ QUẢN KHÓ THÀNH CÔNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN PHẪU THUẬT CHUYỂN VẠT DO UNG THƯ XƯƠNG HÀM TRÊN PHỨC TẠP
Authors: Dung Đào Thị Kim , Hoa Phí Thị
Published: September 2024

Kiểm soát đường thở ở bệnh nhân phẫu thuật ung thư xương vùng hàm mặt có chuyển vạt xa đặt ra nhiều thách thức cho các bác sỹ gây mê hồi sức. Để bảo đảm an toàn cho bệnh nhân, cần có chiến lược rõ ràng, phương pháp tiếp cận hợp lý và hiệu quả.
Ung thư xương vùng hàm mặt gây những thay đổi lớn về giải phẫu đường hô hấp trên gây khó khăn cho việc đặt nội khí quản và rút nội khí quản sau phẫu thuật. Đặc biệt, rút nội khí quản khó khăn và tiềm ẩn nhiều rủi ro, biến chứng khiến cho chỉ định mở khí quản thường được lựa chọn sau phẫu thuật ung thư lớn vùng hàm mặt. Tuy nhiên, việc mở khí quản cũng tiềm ẩn nhiều rủi ro như rối loạn chức năng nuốt, sẹo hẹp khí quản… ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng cuộc sống của bệnh nhân. Vì vậy luôn cân nhắc giữa việc mở khí quản ngay sau phẫu thuật và việc trì hoãn, đánh giá rút nội khí quản khi đủ tiêu chuẩn, nhằm tránh cho bệnh nhân can thiệp đường thở qua mở khí quản.
Đây là trường hợp đặt và rút nội khí quản khó trên bệnh nhân ung thư xương hàm trên tại Khoa Gây mê 2, Bệnh viện Hữu Nghị Việt Đức.
13. NHỒI MÁU NÃO SAU PHẪU THUẬT NỘI SOI KHỚP VAI TƯ THẾ NGỒI: BÁO CÁO CA LÂM SÀNG
Authors: Minh Phạm Quang , Sơn Nguyễn Văn , Hoài Vũ Thu , Ba Nguyễn Thị Thu
Published: September 2024

Nhồi máu não là một biến chứng nghiêm trọng trong những phẫu thuật sử dụng tư thế ngồi nói chung và đặc biệt là phẫu thuật khớp vai nói riêng. Tư thế ngồi, hay còn gọi là tư thế “ghế bãi biển”, ngày càng được phẫu thuật viên sử dụng thường xuyên vì sự ưu việt của trường phẫu thuật và giảm tỷ lệ tổn thương đám rối cánh tay do lực kéo. Tuy nhiên, tỷ lệ các biến chứng huyết động do tư thế tăng lên, trong đó nhồi máu não hệ quả của việc hạ huyết áp kéo dài ảnh hưởng đến nguồn cung cấp oxy cho não.
Chúng tôi báo cáo một trường hợp nhồi máu não nghiêm trọng sau mổ, bệnh nhân nam 50 tuổi được phẫu thuật nội soi khớp vai, tư thế ngồi, có tiền sử cao huyết áp điều trị thường xuyên, không rõ hẹp động mạch cảnh. Sau khi khởi mê ổn định và thay đổi tư thế từ nằm sang ngồi, huyết áp giảm, xử lý bằng bù dịch và sử dụng Ephedrine trong 5 phút, huyết áp dần ổn định và quay về mức huyết áp của bệnh nhân trước khởi mê. Quá trình phẫu thuật và duy trì mê sau đó diễn ra tương đối thuận lợi với huyết áp dao động thấp hơn 10% so với huyết áp nền. Sau quá trình thoát mê và rút ống nội khí quản, chúng tôi đánh giá thấy bệnh nhân kích thích, có dấu hiệu thất ngôn, liệt thần kinh VII trung ương phải và liệt nửa người phải. Phim chụp MRI có hình ảnh thiếu máu não diện rộng bán cầu trái và hẹp động mạch cảnh trong trái đoạn tận. Bệnh nhân được chuyển sang trung tâm đột quỵ theo dõi, sau 2 tuần điều trị, tri giác và vận động đã cải thiện nhưng chức năng thần kinh không phục hồi hoàn toàn.
33. ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ GÂY MÊ VÀ CHẤT LƯỢNG HỒI TỈNH CỦA DESFLURANE TRONG PHẪU THUẬT U NÃO
Authors: Yến Trịnh Thị , Đồng Trịnh Văn
Published: September 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả trong gây mê và chất lượng hồi tỉnh của Desflurane so với Sevofurane trong phẫu thuật u não.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, thử nghiệm lâm sàng, ngẫu nhiên có đối chứng, được tiến hành trên 60 bệnh nhân ASA I-II, Glasgow 15 điểm được chỉ định phẫu thuật u não. Các bệnh nhân được chia ngẫu nhiên làm 2 nhóm: nhóm Desflurane (n = 30) được duy trì mê bằng Desflurane nồng độ 6-7%, nhóm Sevoflurane (n = 30) được duy trì mê bằng Sevofurane nồng độ 1,5-2% để duy trì BIS 40-60. Đo thời gian từ lúc ngừng thuốc mê đến khi tự thở, gọi mở mắt và rút ống nội khí quản. Đánh giá sự thay đổi về huyết động, đau, nôn, buồn nôn sau mổ.
Kết quả: Thời gian hồi tỉnh của nhóm Desflurane nhanh hơn nhóm Sevoflurane: thời gian tự thở của nhóm Desflurane là 6,2 ± 2,0 phút so với 7,5 ± 1,5 phút của nhóm Sevoflurane, thời gian gọi mở mắt của nhóm Desflurane là 7,8 ± 1,9 phút so với 10,2 ± 2,1 phút của nhóm Sevoflurane, thời gian rút nội khí quản của nhóm Desflurane là 9,1 ± 2,1 phút so với 13,3 ± 2,5 phút của nhóm Sevoflurane. Tuy nhiên không có sự khác biệt giữa hai nhóm về tỷ lệ đau, nôn, buồn nôn, rét run hoặc biến cố về huyết động giữa hai nhóm.
Kết luận: Bệnh nhân được duy trì mê bằng Desflurane có thời gian rút nội khí quản nhanh hơn so với Sevofurane nhưng không có sự khác biệt về huyết động cũng như biến cố hồi tỉnh giữa hai nhóm.
Contextual pain conditioning protocol design in Humans – a combination of behavioral and physiological measurements using immersive Virtual Reality
Authors:   Central Integration of Pain, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, France, A Caldichoury ,   University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France, C Perchet ,   Central Integration of Pain, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, France,   University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France, Larrea L Garcia ,   Central Integration of Pain, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, France,   University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France, M Frot ,   Central Integration of Pain, INSERM, U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, France,   University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
Published: September 2024

Contextual pain conditioning is the process of associating a specific painful experience to its emotional and environmental context.
Traducción de datos duros científicos a incidencia socioambiental en México
Authors: Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel Jorge Alejandro , Monroy Becerril Dulce María , Martínez Rodríguez María Concepción , Ramírez Escamilla Héctor Guadalupe , Domínguez Solís Diego , Camacho Vera Alejandro Daniel , Martínez Cuevas María del Carmen , Marcelino Aranda Mariana , Muñoz Sánchez Christian , Martínez Díaz Esteban , Hakizimana Eugene , Rosales Vivar Roberto , Barrueta Durán Lucio , Romo Rico Daniel , Alvarado Cardona Miguel , Colmenero Robles José Aurelio , Pardo Santos Obed
Published: September 2024

La presente obra expone ante los lectores en 8 capítulos cómo los datos científicos que son generados en las diversas investigaciones son capaces de incidir en la sociedad cuando estos son interpretados contextualmente; se enseña cómo se pueden conectar todos los diferentes actores para generar capacidades que promuevan el cambio desde abajo con una base científica como brújula de la acción global para solucionar los diferentes problemas locales y nacionales. El presente libro abona a la importancia de darle vida a los datos científicos para lograr un bienestar en la sociedad, cumpliendo con esto la misión básica de la ciencia.
An Analysis of Representative Speech Acts in Selected Subordinate Courts of Law in Kenya
Authors: J. Omwancha, , K. Odhiambo, , J. Ombati,
Published: September 2024

The court serves as a tool for enforcing the law and delivering justice to the populace. In Kenya, subordinate courts play a crucial role in the administration of justice, handling a wide range of cases that affect the lives of citizens. Speech acts encompass a diverse range of communicative functions, including assertions, requests, promises, and declarations, each of which holds unique significance within the legal framework. Hence, this paper seeks to examine the representative speech acts in selected Kenyan courts of law. This study used a total of 12 cases collected during the examination and cross-examination phases of courtroom trials. Data was analysed to show the instances of occurrence of representative speech acts and their functions in subordinate Kenyan courts of law. The study came up with three types of representative speech acts: assertives, descriptives and statements. Assertives were the most prevalent in the selected Kenyan courts of law discourse.
Antik Yunan’dan Viyana Kongresi’ne Avrupa Diplomasi Tarihinde Elçiler
Authors: Ultan Sönmez Mehlika Özlem
Published: September 2024

Diplomasi günümüze kadar birçok dönüşüm geçirmiş ve sürekli çeşitlenerek gelişim göstermiştir. Başlangıçta sadece ad hoc (geçici) diplomasi uygulamaları kullanılırken, zaman içerisinde başka diplomasi türleri ortaya çıkmış ve 15. yüzyıldan itibaren sürekli diplomasi uygulamaları başlatılmıştır. Diplomasi kavramının ve tarihinin geçirdiği bu evrim, diplomasinin yürütücüleri olarak kabul edilen elçilerin de dönemin koşullarına göre sürekli değişim göstermesine yol açmıştır. Çalışmada Avrupa diplomasi tarihi kapsamında, Antik Yunan döneminden modern diplomasinin başlangıcı olarak kabul edilen 1815 Viyana Kongresi dönemine kadar olan dönemde elçilerin değişimi ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizinden yararlanarak, Antik Yunan’dan başlayarak, Roma İmparatorluğu, Bizans İmparatorluğu, 15 ve 16. yüzyıllarda İtalya ve son olarak da 17. ve 18. yüzyıllarda Fransa’daki diplomasi uygulamalarını dönemin kendine has koşulları çerçevesinde ortaya koymaya çalışacaktır. Her bir uygarlık ve yönetim döneminde, elçilerin görevli oldukları devletlerin ticaret ya da tarım ile uğraşan devletler olmalarının getirdiği farklılıkların, elçilerin seçim niteliklerinde ne gibi değişimlere sebep olduğu incelenip değerlendirilecektir. Bütün bu bilgiler ışığında çalışma, tarihsel olarak elçilerin nitelikleri, görevleri, hak ve yükümlülükleri ile sahip olmaları gerekli görülen meziyetlerin süreç içerisindeki değişimini ortaya koymaya çalışacaktır.
NSGA-II simheuristic to solve a multi-objective flexible flow shop problem under stochastic machine breakdowns
Authors: Rodríguez-Espinosa Daniel Felipe , Cruz-Vargas Daniela , Delgado-Merchán Daniel Esteban , Gonzalez-Estupiñán David Hernando , González-Neira Eliana María
Published: September 2024

This study proposes a simheuristic that hybridizes NSGA-II with Monte Carlo simulation to address a stochastic flexible flow shop problem featuring stochastic machine breakdowns. In real-world scenarios, machine breakdowns frequently occur, resulting in negative impacts such as time loss, late deliveries, decreased productivity, and order accumulation. Therefore, this study considers the times between failures and times to repair as stochastic parameters. Multiple objectives are concurrently addressed, including expected makespan, expected tardy jobs, and the standard deviation of tardy jobs. A mathematical model was formulated for the deterministic version of the problem and separately solved for the minimization of tardy jobs and the minimization of makespan in small instances. Subsequently, the proposed simheuristic was executed for both small and large instances. The results demonstrate that the NSGA-II simheuristic enhances outcomes across all objective functions compared to the simulation of optimal solutions provided by the mathematical models in small instances, yielding average GAPs of -16.64%, -21.87%, and -53.33% for expected tardy jobs, expected makespan, and standard deviation of tardy jobs, respectively. Furthermore, the simheuristic outperforms the simulation of solutions given by seven dispatching rules, showcasing average improvements of 48.01%, 48.18%, and 95.63% for the same objectives, respectively.
Performance measurement: Key performance indicators as drivers in assessing risk and improving value in the services sector
Authors: Almasarweh Mohammad Salameh , AlHassan Hanadi lbrahim , Mustafa Sohail Mohamad Bani , Al-Hamad Abd Al-Salam Ahmad , Nawasra Maher , Ahmad Ahmad Y. A. Bani , Alsmad Lama Ahmad
Published: September 2024

The research investigated the relationship among Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), risk assessment capabilities and value creation in service sector firms. The study also sought to examine the effect of KPI`s components on risk assessment & value capitalisation, and how they either facilitate or hinder implementation, monitoring and continuous improvement processes. In this context, a quantitative cross-sectional research design was applied using an online survey of shared middle and senior managers in service organizations. After filtering, the final version of segmented sample included a total of 215 respondents engaged in different service businesses. The analysis was determined using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that all components of KPIs have significant positive relationships with risk assessment and value improvement outcomes First, performance drivers were found to be the most significant predictor of both constructs. As such, the results show that both risk assessment and value improvement had a positive effect on implementation/monitoring processes which in turn enabled continuous improvements. Performance measurement, risk management and value creation in service organizations: A performance at-risk-based conceptual model. The results have numerous managerial, practical and policy implications for the service sector. This drives home the necessity of creating integrated KPI systems that include risk assessment and value improvement factors. In building on existing theory, the study is of substantial interest in that it provides empirical evidence for these organizational mechanisms related to service organizations. Resilient Organizations in the Service Sector picture of Resilience across Performance Management with KPIs, Risk Assessment and Value Creation strategies offering a comprehensive foundation for sustainable organizational success.
KAJIAN NUTRISI DAUN SINGKONG SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH FERMENTASI
Authors: Kamal Uyun Hendri Satria , Bakhtiar Amri , Nurdin Hazli
Published: September 2024

Daun singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) adalah salah satu sayuran yang digunakan oleh suku Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat, Indonesia. Selain sebagai sayuran, daun singkong telah dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber bioflavonoid rutin, sedangkan ampasnya difermentasi menjadi “daun singkong tempe”. Nilai gizi tempe daun singkong menunjukkan kandungan protein yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan sebelum fermentasi dari 23,06% menjadi 28,55% ;, sedangkan kandungan lemak menurun dari 10,72% menjadi 8,07%, serta karbohidrat (serat kasar) menurun dari 61,45% menjadi 57,76%. Diharapkan tempe daun singkong dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber protein untuk perbaikan gizi masyarakat.
In vitro MTT Assay to Evaluate Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rat Brain Synaptosomes
Authors: R. Dhande Swati , R. Patil Vijay
Published: September 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are a common upshot of synaptosomal mitochondrial malady. The brain synaptosomes are rich in synaptosomal proteins that play an essential part in neuronal activity. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex dysfunction is a common factor in the generation of free radicals. Neurotoxins such as rotenone led to neuronal cell death as a virtue of a vicious cycle of causing mitochondrial dysfunction, which releases free radicals, and free radicals further lead to more intense mitochondrial damage. The MTT assay is widely used to quantify the viable cells which reduces the MTT into its violet-coloured formazan. The current article focuses on standardizing the acceptable concentration of rotenone, which can be used to screen various test drugs for neuroprotective activity. The four different concentrations i.e., 25, 50, 100 and 200µl of rotenone (1mM) were selected for the study. It was found that 50 and 100µl of rotenone (1mM) was more effective in causing significant and up to 50 percent of mitochondrial disruption. Thus, the invitro MTT assay along with the rotenone induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain synaptosome can be successfully used to screen potential neuroprotective agents.
Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Garcinol Isolated from Garcinia maingayi Hook and Molecular Modeling Studies
Authors: Hartati Sri , Artanti Nina , Sari Lucyta , Ernawati Teni
Published: September 2024

This study aims to isolate the active compound in the n-hexane fraction of G. maingayi stem bark and evaluate its bioactivity. Isolation was carried out using conventional column chromatography methods. Structural elucidation of the compounds was characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-ESI-MS/MS spectroscopy. The pure compound isolated was garcinol in the form of pale yellow needle crystals with a molecular weight of QTOF LC-ESI-MS/MS m/z [M+H]+ = 603.3710 and [M+Na]+ = 625.3710 and the molecular formula C38H50O6. Garcinol's bioactivity was determined by an antioxidant activity assay using the DPPH method and proliferative inhibition of MCF-7 breast cancer cells using the MTT method. The antioxidant and anticancer activity of MCF-7 garcinol is quite strong, with IC50 values of 16.44 and 19.13µg/mL. Garcinol can bind to the α-estrogen receptor ERT, according to molecular docking studies. These findings suggest that garcinol, with a binding energy of -6.24kcal/mol and an inhibition constant of 26.7µM, plays an important role in the interaction with human α-estrogen receptors.
Application of Box Behnken Design for Development of Paliperidone Solid Dispersion using Fluid Bed Processing: Formulation and Characterization
Authors: Surawase R.K. , Baheti K.G. , Dehghan M.H.
Published: September 2024

Background: In order to enhance the solubility of Paliperidone, a solid dispersion was formulated. The investigation outlines the application of the Box-Behnken design to optimize the processing variables of a fluid bed processor, aiming to achieve the most efficient results with the minimum number of tests. Poor water solubility, limited bioavailability, and effective manufacturing techniques serve as the foundation for formulation development. Methods: A solid dispersion was prepared through a combination of fluid bed processing and solvent evaporation. The study explored into the impacts of various independent factors viz. spray rate, atomization pressure, and inlet temperature on the compressibility index, particle size, solubility and dissolution of the pure drug, physical mixture and solid dispersion. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy was employed to assess the melting state, internal structure and surface morphology of the solid dispersion. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffractometry, and differential scanning calorimetry, were conducted to provide comprehensive insights into the characteristics of the formulation. Results: The solid dispersion of paliperidone prepared by a fluid bed processor, exhibited a smooth and spherical structure. The saturation solubility reached 261.25 µg/ml of paliperidone by adjusting the independent variables namely inlet temperature (57.50°C), spray rate (1.75 rpm), and atomization air pressure (2.25 Mpa). Notably, the drug release study revealed that 96.78% of paliperidone was released from solid dispersion within 60 minutes Conclusion: Solid dispersion of paliperidone prepared by using Boxbehken design showed improved solubility.
Cytotoxic Marine Terpenes from Hypnea valentiae inhibit cell viability and migration of TNBC cells under In vitro conditions
Authors: Mariyam S. Jazeera , Mahaboob Begum S.M. Fazeela
Published: September 2024

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive type of breast cancer which surpassed the death rate of lung cancer. Hence, discovery of new effective drugs is of immediate clinical need. The objective of the study was to identify and isolate terpenoids from the marine red alga Hypnea valentiae and study its potential cytotoxic and anti-invasive properties in TNBC cell line. The alga was extracted using ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extract (HVEA) was separated by column chromatography. The isolated fractions F1 and F2 were characterized by GC-MS. Followed by this F1 and F2 were analyzed for their cytotoxic activity under in vitro conditions in MDA MB 231 cell line using cell proliferative assay and their antimetastatic activity was determined by scratch assay. The outcomes of GC-MS analysis showed that F1 was a terpenoid n-hexadecenoic acid and F2 was a mixture of tetradecanoic acid, n-hexadecenoic acid, cyclohexanol 1-ethnyl carbamate and caryophyllene oxide. The results of in vitro studies showed that HVEA, F1 and F2 exhibited cytotoxicity in MDA-MB 231 cells with IC50 of 10µg/ml, 15µg/ml and 25µg/ml respectively. Further the findings of scratch assay (24hrs) showed that HVEA, F1 and F2 prevented the invasion of cells into the wound area. Overall, the findings of the current investigation suggest that HVEA and isolated terpenoids have potential activity against the survival and invasion of TNBC cells. Hence these compounds may find prominent application in cancer therapy that can be obtained from marine algae.
Investigating the Role of Beta vulgaris L Extract in Treating Anemia and Enhancing Muscle Coordination in Experimental Models
Authors: S. Khot Vidyarani , T. Kumbhar Subhash
Published: September 2024

This research was conducted to study the effects of Beta vulgaris L (Beetroot) aqueous extract (BRAE) on both anemia and muscle coordination. Beetroot has been renowned for its abundant nutrient profile making it a promising candidate for diverse health benefits. In this research, we explore the impact of Beetroot aqueous extract (BRAE) on muscle coordination, its potential as an anti-anemic agent, and antioxidant properties. Results of preliminary phytochemical screening of BRAE showed presence of different phytoconstituents. Antioxidant activity of BRAE was confirmed by DPPH assay. BRAE at 400mg/kg dose showed significantly augment in the hematological parameters which includes erythrocyte count, blood hemoglobin level and hematocrit percentage. In anemia where the oxygen carrying capacity of blood gets reduced, because of less oxygen supply to muscle cells the physical performance also decreases. To evaluate this phenomenon, two models of muscular coordination namely, rota rod apparatus and grip strength measurement were used. Administration of 400 mg/kg dose of BRAE showed remarkable progress in the time spent on rotating rod indicating muscle strengthening effect and boosted grip strength. These findings could contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches and dietary supplements to improve overall health and well-being.