bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influences of macrosegregation, intermetallic particles, and dendritic spacing on the electrochemical behavior of hypoeutectic Al‐Cu alloys
Authors: Osório Wislei R. , Spinelli José E. , Boeira Alexandre P. , Freire Célia M. , Garcia Amauri
Published: July 2007

The purpose of this research is (1) to investigate the influence of Al2Cu intermetallic particles associated with the dendritic arm spacing on the corrosion resistance of different hypoeutectic Al‐Cu alloys and (2) to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of a hypoeutectic Al‐Cu alloy directionally solidified under unsteady‐state heat flow. The as‐cast samples were produced using vacuum arc remelting and vertical upward water‐cooled solidification. Microscopic examinations were carried out with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy + energy dispersiveX‐ray analyses. To evaluate the surface corrosion behavior of such alloys, all corrosion tests were performed in a 0.5‐M NaCl solution at 25°C using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique and potentiodynamic polarization curve analysis. Based on the tests, corrosion rate and impedance parameters were obtained. The present research has underlined the use of appropriate techniques of characterization for determining Al2Cu distribution, morphology, and fraction within the typical microstructures of Al‐Cu alloys. The experimental results have established correlations between the Al‐rich phase dendritic arm size, the intermetallic particles distribution in the eutectic mixture, the macrosegregation profile, and the resulting corrosion resistance. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetics of TmHU binding to DNA as observed by optical tweezers
Authors: Salomo Mathias , Keyser Ulrich F. , Kegler Kati , Gutsche Christof , Struhalla Marc , Immisch Claudia , Hahn Ulrich , Kremer Friedrich
Published: July 2007

The kinetics of binding for the histone‐like protein TmHU (from Thermotoga maritima) to DNA is analyzed on a single molecule level by use of optical tweezers. For the reaction rate a pronounced concentration‐dependence is found with an “all or nothing”‐limit which suggests the cooperative nature of the binding‐reaction. By analyzing the statistics of mechanically induced dissociation‐events of TmHU from DNA multiple reaction sites are observed to become more likely with increasing TmHU concentration. This is interpreted as a hint for a secondary organizational level of the TmHU/DNA complex. The reaction rate of TmHU binding to DNA is remarkably higher than that of the HU protein from Escherichia coli which will be discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trabecular bone microarchitecture is related to the number of risk factors and etiology in osteoporotic men
Authors: Legrand Erick , Audran Maurice , Guggenbuhl Pascal , Levasseur Régis , Chalès Gérard , Baslé Michel‐Félix , Chappard Daniel
Published: July 2007

Microarchitecture of trabecular bone is a very important component of bone quality in osteoporosis and a determinant of vertebral fracture in men with low bone mineral density (BMD). In contrast to women, male osteoporosis is, in most cases, secondary. The relationships between microarchitecture and different risk factors have never been evaluated in men. About 152 men with low BMD at the lumbar spine or hip (BMD, T‐score < −2.5) were included in this study. Risk factors were: age, BMI, alcohol intake, corticosteroid therapy, hypogonadism, and chronic diseases. Transiliac bone biopsies were obtained and histomorphometry was done on an image analyzer; the following parameters were measured: cortical thickness (Ct.Th), trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), separation (Tb.Sp) and number (Tb.N), interconnectivity Index (ICI), star volume of the bone marrow, and strut analysis with node and free‐end count. The 50 men with two risk factors had a lower BMD, lower Ct.Th and a significant higher star volume than those with one factor or idiopathic osteoporosis. The 26 men with at least three risk factors, had a lower BMD, a reduction of BV/TV and Ct.Th and a marked disorganization of the trabecular network (increased Tb.Sp, ICI, star volume, and free‐end to free‐end struts). The prevalence of vertebral fractures was higher in these patients. When the main risk factor was considered, a marked decrease in trabecular bone connectivity was observed in hypogonadic men. In osteoporotic men, higher the number of risk factors, lower the connectivity of trabecular network and higher the vertebral fracture risk. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attachment and entry of Candida famata in monocytes and epithelial cells
Authors: Pacheco María , Pisa Diana , García‐Gómez Patricia , Carrasco Luis , Juarranz Ángeles
Published: July 2007

Candida albicans is considered the main pathogenic yeast responsible for a multitude of infective disorders. However, other yeasts, such as Candida famata, are being recognized as potential emerging pathogens that cause several types of infections in humans and animals. Consequently, we have investigated the adhesion and internalization of Candida famata into monocytes and epithelial cells. The interaction of the yeast with the cells is very rapid and takes place during the first 15 min of injection. However, the affinity of the yeast for the cells varies, THP‐1 (human monocytes) being the highest and followed in decreasing order by HeLa (human carcinoma), HaCaT, and Pam‐212 (human and mouse keratinocytes, respectively). Heat inactivation or treatment with nystatin, significantly decreases yeast adhesion to cells. Immunofluorescence, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, reveals that cell lines are able to internalize C. famata. At 48 h after infection, most of the yeasts located inside cells appear degraded, but some yeasts recovered from lysed cells, were still viable. Adhesion and internalization of C. famata into HeLa cells were found to be lower than those of C. albicans and C. glabrata, but higher than those of S. cerevisiae. In addition, infection with C. famata results in actin microfilaments rearrangement. This article presents novel data in the interaction of this pathogenic yeast with mammalian cells. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible photoswitching enables single‐molecule fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy at high molecular concentration
Authors: Eggeling C. , Hilbert M. , Bock H. , Ringemann C. , Hofmann M. , Stiel A.C. , Andresen M. , Jakobs S. , Egner A. , Schönle A. , Hell S.W.
Published: July 2007

We demonstrate that photoswitchable markers enable fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy at high molecular concentration. Reversible photoswitching allows precise control of the density of fluorescing entities, because the equilibrium between the fluorescent ON‐ and the dark OFF‐state can be shifted through optical irradiation at a specific wavelength. Depending on the irradiation intensity, the concentration of the ON‐state markers can be up to 1,000 times lower than the actual concentration of the labeled molecular entity. Photoswitching expands the range of single‐molecule detection based experiments such as fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy to large entity concentrations in the micromolar range. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modification of aluminum chips for LDI mass spectrometry of proteins
Authors: Shmanai Vadim , Gontarev Sergey , Frey Simone K. , Schweigert Florian J.
Published: July 2007

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI TOFMS) combined with affinity chromatography on immobilized phenylboronic acid agarose gels was used for selective enrichment and detection of specifically modified proteins such as glycated proteins in complex biological samples. Physicochemical grafting of hydrophilic polymers on aluminum surface was developed to reduce nonspecific protein sorption and to create a proper support layer for a three‐dimensional affinity hydrogel. Grafted agarose allowed the fixation of three‐dimensional agarose hydrogel on the chip surface. Both pinched polymers and hydrogels were effectively derivatized. 3‐Aminophenylboronic acid (mPBA) was covalently immobilized as an affinity ligand to achieve specific binding of glycated plasma proteins. Alternatively, the affinity sorbent was immersed into the hydrogel to increase binding capacity. MALDI TOFMS was used to evaluate binding efficiency and molecular mass changes of human serum albumin due to glycation. Glycated proteins were captured directly on the chip with high selectivity and efficacy, and low nonspecific binding. Thus they could easily be characterized by MALDI TOFMS. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p‐Nitro‐N‐propylaniline/silica: Synthesis, characterization, and its application in matrix solid phase dispersion for multiresidue analysis of pesticides in carrots
Authors: Contieri Abad Fernanda , Winck Priscila Romero , Benvenutti Edilson Valmir , Carmo Ruaro Peralba Maria do , Bastos Caramão Elina , Alcaraz Zini Cláudia
Published: July 2007

A new material for matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) was synthesized – p‐nitro‐N‐propylaniline/silica (pNNPASi) by grafting reactions, characterized by elemental analysis and N2‐adsorption‐desorption isotherms, and tested for multiclass multiresidue analysis of pesticides in wet and freeze‐dried carrots. Results obtained applying this new solid phase sorbent to MSPD extraction of ten pesticides (trichlorphon, trifluralin, dicloran, chlorothalonil, prometryn, linuron, captan, procymidone, prochloraz, and deltametrin) in wet carrots showed better results than the ones obtained for freeze‐dried samples. Recoveries were in the range of 48–106% and precisions varied from 6 to 20% when wet samples were employed. Comparison between pNNPASi sorbent and C18 showed better performance of pNNPASi for eight out of ten pesticides tested. The LOQs show that the developed method can be used to detect the pesticides investigated in carrots at concentrations below the maximum residue levels (MRL) established by EU, USEPA, and National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Linuron, captan, prochloraz, and deltamethrin were found in at least one of the two commercial samples studied in concentrations above the LOQ of this method. Concentrations of the last three pesticides were above the European MRL in one of the commercial samples.
Elements of innovative cultures
Authors: Dombrowski Caroline , Kim Jeffrey Y. , Desouza Kevin C. , Braganza Ashley , Papagari Sridhar , Baloh Peter , Jha Sanjeev
Published: July 2007

Organizational culture is an important determinant of sustained innovativeness and financial performance. Though it is easy to appreciate the important role culture plays in making an innovation successful, it is difficult to change culture. One way of changing culture could be to identify elements of innovative culture and then imbibing the ones relevant to a given organization. In this paper, we have identified, based on past research, eight elements of organizational innovative culture: innovative mission and vision statements, democratic communication, safe spaces, flexibility, collaboration, boundary spanning, incentives, and leadership. We believe that assimilating these elements of organizational culture will enable organizations to support and sustain innovative activities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge transfer across borders: a process model
Authors: Evaristo J. Roberto
Published: July 2007

An expectation‐based process model of knowledge transfer across borders is proposed. The effectiveness of such transfer is postulated to be dependent on the alignment between individual and organizational expectations surrounding the transfer of knowledge. Individual expectations regarding transfer of knowledge are formed through bounded rational cost‐benefit considerations and moderated by culturally and context‐bound expectations. Practical suggestions on how to improve such alignment through specific implementation alternatives are offered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational culture and knowledge sharing at the United Nations: using an intranet to create a sense of community
Authors: Stoddart Linda
Published: July 2007

This paper describes the impact that the United Nations' (UN) intranet has had on enhancing internal communications in the organization during a period of organizational change, examining in particular the role of a community of content providers. The UN's intranet, called iSeek, was revamped and redesigned in 2005, just before the launch of a major UN reform package. An Internal Communications Unit (ICU) was set up to coordinate a more participatory and dynamic approach to communications and encourage dialog at all levels. A sense of community has been fostered by the creation of a network of focal points providing content across the organization worldwide, which was reinforced during a workshop organized to develop a strategy for the intranet. This community approach has helped encourage knowledge sharing and a transition toward a more collaborative organizational culture. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analysis of trust among globally distributed work teams in an organizational setting
Authors: Newell Sue , David Gary , Chand Donald
Published: July 2007

Regardless of whether a project team is located in the same workplace or distributed around the world, trust remains an important element deemed necessary to facilitate knowledge sharing and collaborative work. At the same time, distribution across sites presents challenges to trust building that are not present among co‐located teams. A further complicating factor in trust building among distributed teams is national culture. As we demonstrate, the impact of nationality can be increased when organizations put the distributed sites in a competitive frame. Using the Newell and Swan threefold typology of trust, this paper analyzes trust among IT work teams whose members are located at sites that are distributed in the United States, Ireland, and India. Our case analysis confirms the problematic nature of trust building among globally distributed teams. Specifically, we found that due to situational factors and socio‐psychological dynamics an ‘Us versus Them’ attitude prevails among the distributed sites. This paper concludes that the traditional approaches used by organizations to address the challenges of global collaboration are insufficient and that trust building in an organizational setting requires project managers to actively work on relationship management to minimize the impact of an inter‐group perspective. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Product line extensions: causes and effects
Authors: Axarloglou Kostas
Published: July 2007

In this paper, and using data from a sample of five US manufacturing industries, we study the implications of market demand growth on product line extensions and the effects of the latter on industry profit margins. Companies extend their product lines in response to expansions in market demand and this tends to depress profit margins in the industry. Finally, these results are quantitatively significant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Price variability and price dispersion in a stable monetary environment: evidence from German retail markets
Authors: Fengler Matthias R. , Winter Joachim K.
Published: July 2007

We investigate the relationship between inflation and price variation using highly disaggregated, weekly price data for consumption goods recorded in Germany during 1995, a low‐inflation period. We find a significant positive correlation between the rates of price change and price dispersion, both at the level of individual products and product groups. However, we find no correlation between the rates of price change and price variability. Together with results from similar studies, Tommasi (1993. Optimal Pricing, Inflation, and the Cost of Price Adjustment. MIT Press: London, Cambridge, MA; 485–511) and Parsley (1996. J. Money Credit Banking 28: 323–341), a remarkable pattern emerges: when aggregate nominal shocks are small, only price dispersion is correlated with price changes. As the rate of inflation rises, both variability and dispersion become affected. During hyper‐inflation, systematic movements of price dispersion seem to disappear. We conclude that price dispersion is best explained by micro‐economic frictions in price adjustment, whereas price variability appears to be related to costly price search and information problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculation of pattern in UTD method based on NURBS modeling with the source on surface
Authors: Nan Wang , ChangHong Liang , HaoBo Yuan
Published: July 2007

The UTD method with the source on convex surface which is usually used in the analysis and design of antennas especially conformal arrays on electrically large platforms is studied in this article where NURBS is introduced as way of modeling. Together with the information from ray‐tracing done before, the calculation of fields is presented which includes direct field in the lit region and creeping ray field in the shadow region. The method can be applied to arbitrary electrically large targets and the usefulness can be seen in the examples given. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2492–2498, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22727
Continuously tunable incoherent microwave photonic filter using a tunable Mach‒Zehnder interferometer as the slicing filter
Authors: Fu Hongyan , Chen Daru , Ou Haiyan , He Sailing
Published: July 2007

A continuously tunable incoherent microwave photonic filter employing a tunable Mach‐Zehnder interferometer (MZI) as the slicing filter is studied. By incorporating the optical variable delay line (OVDL), the frequency spacing of the MZI can be tuned continuously, which in turn makes the whole microwave photonic filter continuously tunable in a wide frequency range. The frequency response characteristics are studied and some simulation results are also given to optimize the present microwave photonic filter. Experimental results show the present filter has good frequency response characteristics and tuning linearity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2382–2386, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22732
New and accurate synthesis formulas for multilayer homogeneous coupling structure
Authors: Guney Kerim , Yildiz Celal , Kaya Sabri , Turkmen Mustafa
Published: July 2007

New, accurate closed‐form formulas for the synthesis of multilayer homogeneous coupling structure (MHCS) are presented. They are obtained by using a differential evolution algorithm (DEA), and are useful for the computer‐aided design (CAD) of MHCS. The average percentage error is found to be 0.38% for 1825 MHCS samples having different electrical parameters and physical dimensions, as compared with the results of the quasi‐static analysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2486–2489, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22743
Hybrid shaped ultra‐wideband antenna
Authors: Pei Qing‐Qi , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Yuan Tao , Zouhdi Saïd
Published: July 2007

A novel planar ultra‐wideband antenna with hybrid shapes of the patch and the ground is presented. Simulation and measurement have been performed. A much wider impedance bandwidth has been achieved by the hybrid design for potential application in future UWB. The measured radiation patterns show good omnidirectional performance across the operation bandwidth. The modulation and distortion of the transmitted pulse are also shown. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2412–2415, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22746
Experimental study on all optical coding and decoding of short pulses at 40‐Gbit/s
Authors: Chen Xiaogang , Huang Dexiu , Yuan Xiuhua , Xia Ge
Published: July 2007

A 7‐chip, 280‐Gchip/s quaternary phase‐shift code is assigned to short pulses after reflection from an encoder, the code is then recognized by a decoder. The encoder and decoder, consisting of superstructured fiber Bragg gratings (SSFBGs), are fabricated using the equivalent‐phase‐shift method; only ordinary phase masks and submicrometer precision in control are required. The quaternary phase encoding and decoding of short pulses at 40‐Gbit/s is experimentally demonstrated, and it is required in optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) systems and packet‐switched networks. Interchannel interference noise is also considered and evaluated; a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) within the receiver is introduced to suppress the interference noise as well as additive noise. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2409–2412, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22747
Dual band‐notched ultra‐wideband monopole antenna with an annular CPW‐feeding structure
Authors: Luo Ching‐Hsing , Lee Chien‐Ming , Chen Wen‐Shan , Tu Chih‐Ho , Juang Ying‐Zong
Published: July 2007

A dual band‐notched monopole antenna with an annular coplanar waveguides feeding structure for ultra‐wideband (UWB) application is proposed, in which the ring in the feeding structure is used to increase the impedance bandwidth, and two quarter‐wavelength tuning stubs inserted into the proposed feeding ring and radiating ring, respectively, creates two band‐notches at 5.15 and 5.75 GHz across the UWB frequency band from 2.6 to 12 GHz. The novel design is quiet compact and suitable for creating UWB antenna with dual narrow frequency notches. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2376–2379, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22748
Methods to excite circularly polarized waves for a quad‐unit
Authors: Chang The Nan
Published: July 2007

In this article, techniques to generate circularly polarized waves for a quad‐unit are investigated. The quad‐unit is offset‐fed by an open rectangular ring. It has been shown that both 3‐dB axial ratio and 10‐dB return loss bandwidths can be achieved up to 11%. With a large ring, we have a stable maximum beam at the bore‐sight direction. In experiments, it can provide a gain of 7 dBic at 5.5 GHz. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2372–2375, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22749
Tapered slotline antenna modification for radiation pattern improving
Authors: García E. , De Lera E. , Rajo E.
Published: July 2007

A novel structure of tapered slotline antenna is presented. Using “palm tree” shaped metallization cross‐polarization levels are improved. Also their influence on radiation pattern is considered. Matching performance is at least as good as a simple exponential tapered slotline (Vivaldi) antenna. Frequency coverage for return loss < −10 dB exceeded 5.5:1 (2.9–15 GHz) and measured gain reached values higher than 6 dB from 5 to 15 GHz. Radiation pattern is stable from 6 GHz to 12 GHz and cross‐polarization is below −20 dB for the 3–11 GHz band in the main direction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2590–2595, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22756
Compact highpass filter using complementary split ring resonator
Authors: Mondal Priyanka , Chakrabarty Ajay
Published: July 2007

In this letter complementary split ring resonator is proposed to design compact highpass filter. Highpass filtering is obtained by overlapping a left‐hand and a right‐hand (RH) transmission band. A fabricated prototype filter having cut‐off frequency (fc) of 1.8 GHz shows a maximum passband insertion loss less than 1.3 dB up to 3fc. Implementing area of the filter is smaller than 0.08 λg × 0.09 λg, λg being the guided wavelength at fc. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2470–2472, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22763
RETRACTED: Novel method for skirt response improvement of open‐stub low‐pass filter
Authors: Tseng Jan‐Dong , Liu Wei‐Ting
Published: July 2007

A direct circuit replacement method using interdigital low‐pass structure directly replaced all open stubs of odd‐order open‐stub low‐pass filter to achieve sharp skirt response. The characteristics of the interdigital structure are analyzed by lumped element equivalent circuits and investigated by full‐wave electromagnetic simulator, IE3D. These simulated results were then applied as a guideline for the replacement. Two open‐stub low‐pass filters were designed by this method to enhance the skirt response near 3‐dB cutoff frequency. The measured results show very good improvement on skirt response and the rejection level in stop band. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2434–2438, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22764
The calculation of dielectric dispersive models in THz range with GA
Authors: Zhu Wanhua , Li Chao , Zhang Guoqing , Fang Guangyou
Published: July 2007

In this article, the dielectric dispersive models in Terahertz range are determined with the classical dielectric theory and genetic algorithm (GA). Four samples' models, glass, plywood, spruce‐pine‐fir (SPE) wood and drywall, are established. And the models have been proved to have a good agreement with the experimental results measured by terahertz technology and terahertz time domain spectroscopy and other equipments. It is concluded that the determined models are effective in this frequency range, and GA is an effective tool for calculating the models' parameters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2540–2545, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22776
Iterative implementation of approximate solutions for electromagnetic scattering
Authors: Nakhkash Mansor
Published: July 2007

This article introduces a recursive formula, in which any approximate method can, iteratively, be incorporated to solve electromagnetic scattering problems. The use of extended Born approximation and quasi‐analytical approximation in this formula results in two series (algorithms), whose convergence properties are discussed. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate merits and the range of applicability of the new series. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2425–2429, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22781
A high gain, low noise WLAN receiver for dual if double downconversion application in 90‐nm RF CMOS
Authors: Chang Chieh‐Pin , Hou Jian‐An , Su Jionguang , Chen Ja‐Hao , Chen Chih‐Wei , Liou Tsyr‐Shyang , Wong Shyh‐Chyi , Wang Yeong‐Her
Published: July 2007

A high power gain, low noise WLAN receiver, using a 158 GHz fT 90‐nm RF CMOS technology for dual IF double downconversion system‐in‐package application is demonstrated. The proposed circuit could improve the design flexibility of back‐end stages due to its high power gain and low noise performances. The LNA and Mixer are biased at 1 V with 12.9 mA and 1.8 V with 5.5 mA, respectively. The proposed circuit delivers the double‐sideband noise figure of 2.68 dB, conversion gain of 36.24 dB, IIP3 of −25 dBm, IIP2 of 21.1 dBm, and LO‐IF isolation of −56.2 dB under the 1 dBm LO power, while maintaining the RF port and IF port return losses below −12.9 and −18.7 dB, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2422–2425, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22782
Simple analysis of printed annular slot antennas
Authors: Kucharski Andrzej A. , Borowiec Robert
Published: July 2007

The paper describes a simple procedure enabling analysis of annular slot antennas backed by a dielectric layer. The formulation assumes thin slot approximation, which, together with typical body‐of‐revolution scheme, allows to formulate the integral equations for modal magnetic current coefficients. Integrals of Green's functions appearing in the formulation are computed using mixed spatial/spectral method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2350–2354, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22785
Design of the novel DVB‐H antenna for mobile handheld terminal
Authors: Lee Jung N. , Park Jong K. , Yim Byoung J.
Published: July 2007

We have proposed a novel digital video broadcast for handheld (DVB‐H) antenna for mobile handheld terminal using a U‐shaped radiator and a simple matching circuit. The matching circuit consists of two chip capacitors and one chip inductor, and is used for achieving an improved impedance matching over the DVB‐H frequency band of 470–702 MHz. The proposed antenna was designed, fabricated, and measured. The proposed antenna covers the entire DVB‐H band for VSWR < 2.5. The simulated antenna gain varies from 2.1 to 2.8 dBi over the operating frequency range. The obtained radiation patterns are very close to those of a conventional dipole antenna. Details of the proposed antenna design and the simulated and measured results are presented and discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2345–2350, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22786
Internal printed loop‐type mobile phone antenna for penta‐band operation
Authors: Li Wei‐Yu , Wong Kin‐Lu
Published: July 2007

An internal printed loop‐type antenna comprising a driven monopole and a coupled strip for application in GSM850/GSM900/DCS/PCS/UMTS penta‐band operation is presented. The antenna is suitable to be printed on the system circuit board of the mobile phone and short‐circuited to the system ground plane to form as a loop‐type structure. The antenna provides two wide bands at about 900 and 1900 MHz to cover the GSM850/900 and DCS/PCS/UMTS bands, respectively. The lower band is generated by the driven monopole and coupled strip operated together as a half‐wavelength loop resonant structure. The upper band is formed by two resonant modes: the first one is the driven monopole operated alone as a quarter‐wavelength monopole and the second one is contributed from the driven monopole and coupled strip operated together as a one‐wavelength loop resonant structure. Details of the proposed antenna are presented and discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2595–2599, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22791
A novel reconfigurable microstrip antenna and its performance analysis in diversity reception system
Authors: Wu Yujiang , Nie Zaiping
Published: July 2007

A novel reconfigurable microstrip antenna with the capability of switching among four polarization senses is described. An analysis framework for assessing the performance of antenna selection diversity reception system with the proposed reconfigurable antenna is also presented for the first time. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2516–2519, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/mop.22795
Miniaturized microstrip meander‐line antenna with very high‐permittivity substrate for sensor applications
Authors: Liu Haiwen , Ishikawa Shohei , An An , Kurachi Satoshi , Yoshimasu Toshihiko
Published: July 2007

This article presents a compact microstrip meander‐line antenna for sensor network applications in the 290 MHz band. The antenna is fed by coplanar waveguide and its dimension is 15 mm × 15 mm × 2 mm. Because of the use of a very high relative permittivity substrate (εr = 90) and meander‐line structure simultaneously, the side length of the designed antenna is about λg/12 (λg is the guided wavelength) so that the circuit size is reduced greatly. Measurements verify that the proposed antenna has bandwidth of 12% at the resonant frequency of 293 MHz. Also, the radiation patterns measured at resonance frequencies are very close to omnidirectional in the E‐plane. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2438–2440, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22798
Sharp cut‐off, miniaturized metamaterial binomial microstrip low‐pass filter
Authors: Abid Ali , Zhirun Hu
Published: July 2007

A binomial low‐pass filter provides the flattest passband response but, slow attenuation transition. This letter presents a design for improving the roll‐off performance and reducing the size of the filter based on the negative‐ε property of complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs), whilst maintaining the filter passband performance. The measured results indicate that the proposed structure achieves a flat pass‐band with no ripples. Whilst also having a selectivity of 32 dB/GHz, which significantly exceeds the 17 dB/GHz selectivity of the conventional design. Furthermore, the proposed filter has reduced the filter size by 16%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2406–2409, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22799
Knee extensor fatigability after bedrest for 8 weeks with and without countermeasure
Authors: Mulder Edwin R. , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Gerrits Karin H. L. , Rittweger Joern , Felsenberg Dieter , Stegeman Dick F. , De Haan Arnold
Published: July 2007

We analyzed the effects of gravitational unloading on muscular fatigability and the effectiveness of resistive vibration exercise to counteract these changes. Changes in knee extensor fatigability as a consequence of 8 weeks of horizontal bedrest with or without daily resistive vibration exercise were evaluated in 17 healthy male volunteers. Bedrest increased fatigability (% decrease in maximal voluntary isometric torque per minute exercise) from −7.2 ± 0.5 to −10.2 ± 1.0%/min (P < 0.05), which was accompanied by a decline (of 52.0 ± 3.7%, P < 0.05) in muscle blood flow. Daily resistive vibration exercise training during bedrest prevented increases in fatigability (from −10.8 ± 1.8 to −8.4 ± 1.6%/min, P < 0.05), and mitigated the reduction in blood flow (decline of 26.1 ± 5.1%, P < 0.05). Daily resistive exercise may thus be suggested as an effective countermeasure during spaceflight and illness‐related prolonged bedrest to combat the detrimental changes in muscle endurance that result from gravitational unloading. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Anthropological and physicochemical investigation of the burnt remains of Tomb IX in the ‘Sa Figu’ hypogeal necropolis (Sassari, Italy) – Early Bronze Age
Authors: Piga G. , Malgosa A. , Mazzarello V. , Bandiera P. , Melis P. , Enzo S.
Published: July 2007

Excavations carried out in Tomb IX of the hypogeic necropolis of ‘Sa Figu’, near the village of Ittiri (Sassari, Italy), supplied burnt human bone remains and pottery unambiguously referred to the Early Bronze Age (characterised by the local culture of ‘Bonnannaro’). Besides the anthropological study, we have investigated and evaluated the possibility of a funerary cremation practice in Sardinian pre‐history, a subject that has previously not been considered from a scientific point of view. Making use of a calibration procedure based on X‐ray diffraction (XRD) line‐broadening analysis, related to the microstructural properties, it was possible to estimate the combustion temperature to which the fragmented bones were subjected. It was found that the studied bones reached temperatures varying from 400°C up to a maximum of 850°C. This spread of values suggested inhomogeneous combustion of the bones, which seems compatible with funerary cremation practices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The selling of the President 2004: a marketing perspective
Authors: O'Shaughnessy Nicholas J. , Henneberg Stephan C.
Published: July 2007

George W. Bush won the 2004 US Presidential election despite the facts of one thousand people losing their life in the Iraq war, the highest rate of increase in unemployment in 70 years and a vitriolic propaganda campaign (Michael Moore, etc.) against him. This case study seeks to explain the success through the prism of marketing theory and conceptual structures, that is, that the Bush team had a superior communications strategy and, within those parameters, superior marketing elements. Thus we seek to surface and integrate a number of causal explanations for his victory that arose from a political marketing orientation, specifically the offer of a ‘coherent narrative’; the conduct of a ‘permanent campaign’; more effective negative advertising (especially by pro‐Bush 527 groups), targeting and packaging; the success of the late campaign ‘big tent’ ploy. None of this however seeks to exclude the more purely political explanations for his success (located in such phenomena as the mobilization of the ‘Christian Right’ and the continuity to the aura attached to the ‘911 President’); nor is the application of marketing thought to political contexts treated uncritically.

A further aim is to introduce political marketing modes of analysis to a political science audience—not to present them as a new ‘correctness’, for they are certainly vulnerable to challenge, but rather to precipitate more of an intellectual exchange between these two disciplines.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the SELDI‐TOF MS technique for protein profiling of pancreatic islets exposed to glucose and oleate
Authors: Ortsäter Henrik , Sundsten Tea , Lin Jian‐Man , Bergsten Peter
Published: July 2007

The aim of the study was to evaluate the SELDI‐TOF MS technique for pancreatic islet research. Mouse islets were cultured at low or high glucose levels in the absence or presence of oleate and characterized by measuring insulin secretion and oxygen tension. Subsequently, the islets were protein profiled. Up to 200 different peaks could be detected in a single experiment with the majority of peaks corresponding to proteins with masses below 30 kDa. By combining different protein arrays, the number of detected peaks could be increased further. The optimal binding of islet proteins was achieved using the anionic exchange array and phosphate buffer (pH 6) when the binding of insulin was low, which allowed other less abundant proteins to be captured. When islets from different culture conditions were profiled and analyzed, in total 25 proteins were found to be oleate/glucose‐regulated. An oleate‐regulated protein was chosen for identification work, which was conducted by passive elution from SDS‐PAGE gels and subsequent in‐gel trypsin digestion and MALDI‐TOF MS. The protein was identified as peptidyl‐prolyl isomerase B (PPI‐B). In conclusion, the study demonstrates that SELDI‐technique can be used not only to obtain islet protein patterns but is also helpful in the subsequent identification of differentially expressed proteins.
5‐Nitrogenated‐naphthopyrans: toward photoinduced hydrogen‐bonded complexes
Authors: Sallenave Xavier , Delbaere Stéphanie , Vermeersch Gaston , Pozzo Jean‐Luc
Published: July 2007

A series of 3,3‐diphenyl‐3H‐naphtho[2,1‐b]pyrans substituted on 5‐position by various nitrogenated functional groups has been synthesized. The photochromic reaction between the pyranic closed form and their open forms has been studied using NMR and UV–Vis spectroscopies. The ability of the photoinduced carbonyl group to promote the formation of hydrogen‐bonded complexes has been compared within the series. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable silicon‐centered localized singlet 1,3‐diradicals XSi(GeY2)2SiX: theoretical predictions
Authors: Wang Yong , Ma Jing , Inagaki Satoshi
Published: July 2007

Some localized singlet 1,3‐σ‐diradicals, XSi(GeY2)2SiX, (X = H, CH3, SiH3, C(CH3)3, NH2 for X = F; Y = H, CH3, OH, NH2, SiH3 for X = H) are theoretically designed by the orbital phase theory, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations , the second order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and the complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) methods. The silicon‐centered singlet diradicals are more stable than the lowest triplets and than the bicylic σ‐bonded isomers if the isomers exist. The most stable singlet diradicals are not the π‐type diradicals, but the σ‐type diradicals where the radicals interact with each other through the SiGe bonds in the four‐membered rings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of nanoscale photochromic materials by vapor deposition method
Authors: Spangenberg Arnaud , Brosseau Arnaud , Metivier Rémi , Sliwa Michel , Nakatani Keitaro , Asahi Tsuyoshi , Uwada Takayuki
Published: July 2007

Vapor deposition method was used to obtain nanocrystals of N‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)‐4‐ aminopyridine (1) and N‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)‐4‐iodoaniline (2), and nanoscale thin layers (65 nm thick) of cis‐1,2‐dicyano‐1,2‐bis(2,4,5‐trimethyl‐3‐thienyl)ethene (3). Compound 3 was also deposited on a substrate previously covered by gold nanoparticles (Ø = 100 nm). Nanoscale crystals of 1 and 2 showed similarities with bulk crystals: they exhibit photochromic properties and they have similar shapes according to Atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigations. The thin layers of 3, with and without gold nanoparticles, showed light‐induced absorption change in the visible. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of the Li/Li+ couple in tetrahydrofuran at low temperatures (195–295 K)
Authors: Paddon Christopher A. , Jones Sarah E. Ward , Bhatti Farrah L. , Donohoe Timothy J. , Compton Richard G.
Published: July 2007

Kinetic and thermodynamic (formal potential) data relating to the synthetically useful Li/Li+ couple in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent at a range of temperatures (196–295 K) are reported. Formal potentials, $E_{\rm f}^{\rm 0} $ have been measured versus the standard reference electrode, ${\rm Fc}\left( {4\,{\rm mM}} \right)/{\rm Fc}^ + {\rm PF}_6^ - \left( {4\,{\rm mM})} \right)$ in THF. At 295 K the following data have been obtained using a mathematical model to simulate the electro‐deposition (metal deposition and growth kinetics) processes of lithium (Li) on a platinum microelectrode; a $E_{\rm f}^0 $ of −3.48 ± 0.005 V, ${\rm d}E_{\rm f}^0 /{\rm d}T$ = −9.2 (±0.5) × 10−4 V K−1, the standard electrochemical rate constant, k0 = 1 (± 0.1) × 10−4 cm s−1, transfer coefficient, α = 0.57 ± 0.03 and diffusion coefficient, D = 8.7 ± 0.1 × 10−6 cm2 s−1. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of unsymmetrical dimesogens containing 4‐heptylazobenzene
Authors: Mallia V. Ajay , Funahashi Masahiro , Tamaoki Nobuyuki
Published: July 2007

4‐Heptylazobenzene (HAB) has been covalently attached to cholesterol (Ch) by varying the methylene spacers and to cyanobiphenyl (CB) moiety with an octyl methylene linkage. Enhancement of short‐range translational correlations in the chiral nematic (N*) phase has been observed by the introduction of HAB moiety. HAB–Ch dimesogens exhibit chiral smectic C (SmC*), chiral smectic A (SmA*) and N* phases depending on the methylene spacer length. The dimesogen containing HAB–CB shows a SmA and an N phase. The HAB–Ch dimesogen with octyl methylene spacer shows co‐existence of multiple periodicities in its SmA* as well as in SmC* phases. A dramatic increase of >150 nm in the N* reflected wavelength shift (Δλ) with change in temperature has been observed for the HAB‐Ch dimesogen containing an octyl spacer compared to the similar dimesogen that does not have a heptyl side chain. Ferroelectric switching has been studied for a representative dimesogen containing HAB‐Ch having hexyl spacer in its SmC* phase, the spontaneous polarization value was determined to be 150 nC cm−2 (at 125 °C) by applying a triangular wave field. A reversible photochemical switching between SmA and N phases also has been reported for the dimesogen containing HAB–CB. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antielastase and free radical scavenging activities of compounds from the stems of Cornus kousa
Authors: Sultana Nasim , Lee Nam Ho
Published: July 2007

Bioassay‐guided investigation of the stems of Cornus kousa led to the isolation of 12 compounds such as four triterpenoids: betulinic acid (1), maslinic acid (2), arjunolic acid (3), 3‐isoarjunolic acid (4), four flavanoids; catechin (5), epi‐catechin (6), 2‐hydroxynaringenin (7), 2‐hydroxynaringenin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (8), two ellagic acid derivatives; 3,4,3′‐tri‐O‐methylellagic acid (9), 3,4‐di‐O‐methylellagic acid (10), a daucosterol (11) and a sucrose derivative; (3′‐O‐p‐coumaroyl)‐β‐d‐fructofuranosy‐(2?1)‐(6‐O‐p‐coumaroyl)‐α‐d‐glucopyranoside (12). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies as well as by comparison with available data in the literature. The free radical scavenging activity and elastase inhibition activity were investigated for the development of antiaging ingredients as a raw material for use in cosmetics. Among these compounds, compounds 1, 2 and 8 showed significant elastase inhibition activity and IC50 was 10.81 µg/mL, 21.21 µg/mL and 44.63 µg/mL, respectively, on porcine pancreatic elastase, whereas compounds 5, 6, 7 and 8 showed significant free radical scavenging activity and SC50 was 8.37 µg/mL, 9.31 µg/mL, 9.23 µg/mL and 17.45 µg/mL, respectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytoprotective effects of Bergenia ciliata Sternb, extract on gastric ulcer in rats
Authors: Kakub G. , Gulfraz M.
Published: July 2007

Bergenia ciliata is used for the treatment of stomach disorders in the folk medicine of some areas of South East Asia. This study was designed to evaluate its gastroprotective effects on ethanol/HCl, indomethacin and pylorus ligation‐induced gastric ulcers in rats. Doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg b/w of the aqueous and methanol extracts of the rhizome were administered 1 h after ulcerogenic treatment. The animals were killed 3 h later, their stomachs removed and the mean area of ulcer lesion was determined. The weight of mucus and gastric acidity were also measured. The aqueous extract decreased the ulcer lesion (p < 0.05) in all models to a greater extent than the methanol extract, but at the higher doses the effect was reduced. In addition, the antiulcer activity appears to be mediated via cytoprotective effects conferred by enhancement of the mucosal barrier, rather than by prevention of gastric acid secretion or the lowering of pH and acidity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of willow herb's (Epilobium angustofolium L.) antioxidant and radical scavenging capacities
Authors: Štajner D. , Popović B. M. , Boža P.
Published: July 2007

The present study investigated the antioxidative properties of root, leaf and stalk of Epilobium angustofolium L. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase), quantities of malonyldialdehyde, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and reduced glutathione and also the content of total flavonoids, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, vitamin C and soluble proteins were determined. The results indicate that extracts from all plant organs exhibited antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the leaves. Radical scavenging capacity (RSC), determined by DPPH assay, was highest in the leaves as well as total reducing power determined by FRAP assay. Lipofuscin ‘plant age pigments’ were also determined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.