bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Project Management in Iceland: The Path to a Profession - Paper 1 of 3
Authors: Ingason Helgi Þór , Friðgeirsson Þórður Víkingur , Jónasson Haukur Ingi
Published: August 2021

The birth of project management as discipline during the mid 20th century was not the birth of a profession, but rather an important enhancement of planning techniques to tackle temporary and timelimited endeavors. Project management has since evolved and matured to be currently recognized as an important international profession with unique accredited procedures, international standards, best practice references and theoretical platforms. Iceland is an interesting example of how the path to a profession is paved in a developed Western society. Entrepreneurs channeled international development into business-driven projects, and the academia followed the suit. Iceland currently has a thriving forum for project management as a professional discipline. This development is arguably best displayed by some impressive educational programs that were developed by path-finding consultants, within universities and post-graduate study lines, and in the increasing demand for professional project managers in most areas of public and private sectors. However, it is also noteworthy that in one specific domain Iceland is atypical among countries often seen as international benchmarks, e.g. Norway, the UK and Sweden, and that is the fractional public project governance framework, which might also explain why the Icelandic Project Management Association has not yet fully actualized its full potential as a professional leader for project management in Iceland.
Project Management in Iceland: Current and Future Importance of Project Management within the Icelandic Economy - Paper 2 of 3
Authors: Friðgeirsson Þórður Víkingur , Ingason Helgi Þór , Jónasson Haukur Ingi
Published: August 2021

The project management profession has evolved from being a simple technical approach to planning to becoming a full-fledged profession that plays an essential role within the global economy. This paper, which is the second of three under the general heading Project management in Iceland, looks at the importance of project management within Icelandic organizations and the Icelandic economy. The paper explores the developmental path of the project management profession, looks at the current state of affairs, and identifies possible future trends though two surveys conducted Iceland. This study reveals the importance of project management in Iceland, a developed Nordic country, as a proportion of its economy. The study indicates that close to one third of the Gross Value Added (GVA) in the Icelandic economy is based on project-related work. The study, furthermore, indicates that the importance and application of project management will increase in the near future. This sends a clear message to both industry and the public sector on what kind of strategic and tactical alignments and what kind of professional competences are needed for future economy and society. Furthermore, the study describes - and deploys - two methods that can be used to measure the importance and trends within the project management profession and as indicators of what has been named “projectification" of society.
Project Management in Iceland and Beyond: Expected Future Trends for Project Management and the Project Management Profession - Paper 3 of 3
Authors: Ingason Helgi Þór , Friðgeirsson Þórður Víkingur , Jónasson Haukur Ingi
Published: August 2021

In this third paper under the heading Project management in Iceland, future trends in the project management and within the project management profession are investigated and benchmarked against recent research in Germany on the same topic. Fourteen interrelated future trends were identified but neither prioritized nor relatively weighted. To detect the most important future trends of project management in Iceland, a two-round Delphi survey was arranged to rank them according to significance. The four most important future trends are: (1) Project-oriented organizations; (2) Project management being acknowledged and discussed in corporate boardrooms; (3) Increased complexity and how this affects projects, and (4) Professionalization of project management. An expert focus group was established to elaborate on these future trends.
Ísland í dag - Nærri tveimur áratugum síðar
Authors: Hjálmarsson Ólafur , Logadóttir Ásta , Alexandersson Kristinn , Jóhannsson Jóhann Björn
Published: August 2021

„Hvað felur verkfræðiráðgjöf í byggingareðlisfræði mannvirkja í sér og hvernig getur hún bætt hönnun?

Á undanförnum árum hefur umræða á Íslandi um rakaskemmdir og myglu í mannvirkjum færst í aukana. Fréttir af himinháum fjárhæðum sem varið er í viðgerðir og viðhald vegna þessa gætu útskýrt þessa vitundarvakningu sem og að fólk er meira meðvitað um slæm heilsufarsleg áhrif myglu. Talið er að fólk í Íslandi verji um 90% af tíma sínum innandyra og er flestum því ljóst mikilvægi þess að búa við fullnægjandi innivist og loftgæði í híbýlum sínu. Þörfin fyrir vatns- og rakaheld hús er því aðkallandi hér á landi."
Judicialização da Saúde no Brasil: categorização das fases decisionais a partir do Supremo Tribunal Federal e os impactos no Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília, Brasil, Cunha Jarbas , Farranha Ana ,   Grupo de Estudos Observatório de Políticas Públicas, Centro de Estudos Avançados de Governo e Administração Pública, Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de Brasília, Brasil
Published: August 2021

Pretende-se analisar as fases de decisão da judicialização da política pública de saúde no Brasil a partir da mais alta corte jurídica do país — o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). A seguir, relatam-se as críticas mais relevantes à excessiva judicialização da saúde, tentando, ao final, elencar alternativas para se discutir um possível programa de melhorias para a política pública de saúde, tendo como elemento principal o diálogo entre o Sistema de Justiça e o Sistema de Saúde brasileiros. A metodologia utilizada pode ser caracterizada como revisão de literatura de tipo narrativa, utilizando-se coleta de dados no sítio eletrônico do STF a partir da descrição de decisões judiciais, assim como revisão bibliográfico-doutrinária.
Construção de banco único de entregas finalísticas para a justiça eleitoral
Authors:   CePGP, Grupo Projectum, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasil, Silvério Júlia , Batista Luma ,   Grupo Projectum, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasil, Serrano André ,   Grupo Projectum, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasil, Meneses Pedro ,   CePGP, Grupo Projectum, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasil, Mendes Nara ,   Grupo Projectum, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasil, Britto Paulo ,   Grupo Projectum, PPGCont, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasil
Published: August 2021

A compreensão das atividades desenvolvidas pelos recursos humanos no poder público e a definição dos resultados a serem alcançados por meio dessas atividades são relevantes para uma melhor gestão da força de trabalho. O objetivo deste artigo é a construção de uma base de atividades para a justiça eleitoral. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com recorte transversal, em que o TSE foi considerado como órgão principal para a obtenção dos dados. Obtiveram-se 2.212 entregas agrupadas em 57 categorias de serviço. Verificou-se a necessidade de mais análises para a melhoria das descrições das entregas e propõe-se a continuação da análise das atividades identificadas. Por fim, verifica-se a construção de um panorama das atividades da justiça eleitoral, base comum para uma elaboração de política de gestão e uma avaliação de resultados. Como contribuições metodológicas, é possível apontar o desenvolvimento de um método de identificação de entregas nas organizações públicas.
Abordagens Epistemológicas e Pluralismo na Pesquisa em Contabilidade: para além do paradigma dominante
Authors:   FACE/Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasil, Bilhim João ,   Centro de Administração e Políticas Públicas, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Gonçalves Andréa ,   Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasil; Centro de Administração e Políticas Públicas, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Published: August 2021

O conhecimento científico dominante em contabilidade é reducionista e acarreta consigo os pressupostos ontológicos, epistemológicos e metodológicos da abordagem paradigmática em que se desenvolveu, ou seja, na sua esmagadora maioria não leva em conta o quadro conceitual, valores, crenças e entendimentos subjetivos em que os atores se movem. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é provocar uma reflexão sobre o paradigma teórico dominante na investigação em contabilidade, evidenciando a importância de abordagens alternativas. Do ponto de vista metodológico, será feito o levantamento do “estado da arte” da pesquisa em contabilidade, enquadrando-se esta pesquisa no tipo de ensaio teórico ou de revisão da principal literatura. Para tanto, assumiu-se como questão de partida — como enriquecer a informação contábil, através da contribuição dos paradigmas interpretativo e crítico, dadas as reconhecidas limitações epistemológicas das abordagens funcionalistas. Este artigo, partindo da tipologia desenvolvida por Burrel e Morgan (1979) — duas dimensões, quatro paradigmas —, revisita diferentes possibilidades epistemológicas e apresenta reflexões sobre a contribuição destas abordagens para a pesquisa identificando pressupostos, vantagens e limitações de cada um dos quatro paradigmas. Neste trabalho, chega-se à conclusão de que é um erro estigmatizar os diferentes paradigmas teóricos, pois todos são legítimos; apenas, as pesquisas em concreto, efetuadas nos seus respetivos paradigmas, podem ser boas ou más. Esta reflexão epistemológica é relevante para o atual debate na medida em que há políticas editoriais que recusam a publicação, independentemente, do valor intrínseco da pesquisa que não se enquadre no paradigma dominante (Baker e Bettner, 1997).
Epistemological Approaches and Pluralism in Accounting Research: beyond the dominant paradigm
Authors:   FACE/ University of Brasilia (UnB), Brazil, Bilhim João ,   Centre for Public Administration and Public Policies, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal, Gonçalves Andréa ,   University of Brasilia (UnB), Brazil; Centre for Public Administration and Public Policies, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal
Published: August 2021

The dominant scientific knowledge in accounting is reductionist and carries the ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions of the paradigmatic approach in which it was developed, i.e., in the overwhelming majority it does not take into account the conceptual framework, values, beliefs, and subjective understanding moved by the players. Thus, the aim of this article is to provoke a reflection on the dominant theoretical paradigms in accounting research, evidencing the importance of alternative approaches. From the methodological point of view, the “state of the art” of accounting research will be surveyed, fitting this research into the type of theoretical essay or review of the main literature. Therefore, it was assumed as a starting point — how to enrich accounting information, through the contribution of interpretive and critical paradigms, given the recognized epistemological limitations of functionalist approaches. This article, starting from the typology developed by Burrel and Morgan (1979) — two dimensions, four paradigms —, revisits different epistemological possibilities and presents reflections on the contribution of these approaches to research, identifying assumptions, advantages and limitations of each paradigm. In this article, we conclude that it is a mistake to stigmatize the different theoretical paradigms to the extent that all are legitimate; only concrete research, carried out in their respective paradigms, can be considered appropriate or not. This epistemological reflection is relevant to the current debate to the extent that there are editorial policies that refuse the publication, regardless of its intrinsic value, when research does not fit the dominant paradigms (Baker and Bettner, 1997).
Forms of organization of production activity of enterprises in terms of probabilistic nature of demand
Authors: Kuvaieva T.V , Pilova K.P
Published: August 2021

Purpose. To develop models describing forms of organization of production activity in terms of probabilistic nature of demand and determine their being effected by strategies of marketing interaction with the product consumers. Methodology. The theoretical models were based on classic models of mass service, methods of sales planning, and studies on rational strategies of marketing interaction of a consumer of limited-demand products, the need in which is of probabilistic nature. Such parameters as maximum (peak) involved production capacity and maximum warehouse capacity required in terms of predicted production volumes are taken as the criterion of effect of a strategy of the manufacturer-consumer marketing interaction. Findings. Certain dependences have been obtained making it possible to calculate the maximum (peak) involved production capacity depending on the predicted production volume, warehouse capacity, and organization of production activity of an enterprise. It has been shown that the organization of marketing interaction between a manufacturer and a consumer of limited-demand products, the need in which is of probabilistic nature, on the basis of marketing partnership strategy helps reduce considerably the peak loads of production facilities and warehouse capacity, which is necessary to maintain production activity of an enterprise. Originality. On the basis of a mass service theory, a form of organization of production activity of an enterprise is substantiated that manufactures goods of differentiated need and limited demand of probabilistic nature. It has been proved that a current marketing strategy of interaction between a manufacturer and consumer of such a product influences considerably the organization of production activity of an enterprise-manufacturer. A form of organization of production activity of an enterprise has been substantiated; in terms of organization of interaction with a consumer on the basis of marketing partnership relations, it helps reduce significantly the peak loads of production facilities and the involved warehouse capacity to store ready-made products. Practical value. The obtained results can be applied to plan the forms of organization of production activity of an enterprise that manufactures limited-demand products, the need in which is of differentiated nature, and to substantiate rational marketing interaction with a consumer of such kind of product.
Isolation and characterization of culturable actinobacteria associated with Polytrichum strictum (Galindez Island, the maritime Antarctic)
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine, Gromyko O. , Tistechok S. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine, Roman I. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine, Aravitska O. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine, Luzhetskyy A. ,   Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany, Parnikoza I. ,   State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine,   Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetic NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine, Fedorenko V. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
Published: August 2021

The main objective of the study is the evaluation of the diversity of actinobacteria associated with Polytrichum strictum — dominant species of widespread Antarctic Тall moss turf subformation and their characteristics as the producers of biologically active compounds. The actinobacterial isolates were isolated by direct inoculation, phenol pretreatment, and heated treatment. The cultural properties of the isolates were evaluated using diagnostic media. The antimicrobial activity of the isolates was determined by the point inoculations method. The phylogenetic analysis was based on sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. The biosynthetic genes screening was performed using polymerase chain reaction. A total of 23 actinobacterial isolates associated with P. strictum were isolated, the four identified genera being Streptomyces (7 isolates), Micromonospora (14 isolates), Kribbella (1 isolate), and Micrococcus (1 isolate). Eight psychrotrophic strains of all identified genera were identified. The optimal pH values for all isolates were in the range 6–10. Four isolates grew on the medium with 7.5% NaCl. A significant number of the isolates showed a wide range of enzymatic activities. Antagonists of a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms were found, including against multidrug-resistant strain of Candida albicans and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Some strains were active against phytopathogenic bacteria, namely three strains against Erwinia amylovora, one strain against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and one strain against Pectobacterium carotovorum. More than half of the isolates showed antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. The biosynthetic genes involved in synthesizing a wide range of bioactive compounds were found in more than 80% of isolates. Antarctic actinobacteria isolated in this study demonstrate potential as the producers of a wide range of biologically active compounds. Further studies of these actinobacteria may lead to the identification of previously unknown biologically active compounds.
Population features of Boeckella poppei in Lake Wujka, King George Island
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601,Ukraine, Trokhymets V. , Gorobchyshyn V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601,Ukraine,   State Institution Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143,Ukraine, Kozeretska I. ,   State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
Published: August 2021

The maritime Antarctic is one of the most interesting regions on planet where climate change can be observed to impact all components of its poor flora. Boeckella poppei is common in the maritime and continental Antarctic species of the copepod. The aim of the study was to check the local trends in the copepod's population density over summer. The samples were collected 23.12.05, 03.01.06 and 10.01.06 at the King George Island from the lake near the Polish Antarctic Station. The population density varied with strongly fluctuating ratios of different juvenile and generative developmental stages. We also analyzed the regularities reported by other authors. The sex structure of the population did not change during the study period with females much more numerous than males. The article discusses possible causes of this phenomenon.
Estrategia empresarial para minimizar las pérdidas de energía y su incidencia en los niveles de eficiencia energética y operativa de CNEL-EP
Authors: Alchundia-Bravo Jose , Mendoza-Saltos María
Published: August 2021

La estrategia empresarial es una metodología que busca alcanzar uno o varios objetivos por medio de un plan de acción en el cual se plantean los objetivos estratégicos para cada área funcional de la organización, la Corporación Nacional de Electricidad  (Cnel-Ep) cuenta con un plan estratégico y un modelo organizacional que se establece en la unidad administrativa denominada unidad de negocio, la cual tiene como misión administrar, ejecutar y supervisar los procesos técnico, comercial y administrativos coordinando con las respectivas Gerencias Corporativas la oportuna y eficiente prestación de los servicios de distribución y comercialización de energía eléctrica; por lo tanto, la Unidad de Negocio debe fortalecer la revisión del servicio público de distribución y comercialización de energía eléctrica, de alta calidad y confiabilidad para beneficio de los clientes especiales dentro de su zona de servicio, así como para la gestión de recaudación propia de la empresa, sobre la base de esto surge la interrogante ¿Cuáles con las estrategias empresariales utilizadas por Cnel-Ep Provincia de Manabí para minimizar las pérdidas de energía y para mejorar los niveles de eficiencia energética y operativa? Para darle respuesta se desarrolló la investigación con una metodología de nivel descriptiva, utilizando un diseño empírico con métodos como la aplicación de encuesta a empleados de la institución y a los clientes, con esto se pudo corroborar que las estrategias comerciales utilizadas sirven para la minimización de las pérdidas y para el mejoramiento de la eficiencia energética y operativa de Cnel-Ep Manabí.
Efectos del carbonato y bicarbonato en la resistencia a la corrosión en aceros API 5L con tratamientos térmicos de recocido, normalizado y bonificado
Authors: Castro-Cepeda Lidia , Moreno-Barriga Mónica , Noguera-Cundar Andres , Chulco-Yancha Jaime , Tacuri-Troya Jefferson
Published: August 2021

El presente documento describe los efectos de los carbonatos y bicarbonatos en la resistencia a la corrosión para aceros API 5L X42 y Grado B, dichos aceros se sometieron a tratamientos térmicos de recocido, normalizado y bonificado, para luego compararlos con el material de suministro buscando diferencias microestructurales, la formación de carbonatos o bicarbonatos se observa mediante técnicas microscópicas en el SEM. Para esta investigación, se realizaron ensayos de resistencia a la indentación (Dureza Vickers) e impacto (Máquina de ensayos Charpy PIC450), los ensayos de corrosión, se realizaron con una saturación de CO2 durante una hora al 99.9% de pureza, se utilizó una celda electroquímica, y un Potenciostato / Galvanostato PGSTAT204, y para el análisis se usó el Software NOVA 2.1. A partir de estos ensayos, se determinó que al realizar tratamientos térmicos, la dureza de los materiales mejora con respecto al material de suministro; en relación a la resistencia a la corrosión, el acero API 5L X42 normalizado presenta  una  mejora  del  2.54%  con  respecto  al material de suministro y  el  acero API 5L Grado  B
Mesa Redonda 5G en América Latina: ¿Presente, Futuro o Ciencia Ficción?
Authors: Sáez Yessica , Poveda Héctor , Céspedes Sandra , Navarro Cadavid Andrés , Giannattasio Gustavo , Piedras Graciela , Saucedo Bernal Alkin
Published: August 2021

La mesa redonda “5G en América Latina: ¿Presente, Futuro o Ciencia Ficción?” fue espacio destinado para conversar sobre la tecnología 5G y su despliegue en América Latina. Esto nos permitió colocar varios puntos sobre la mesa y discutir los mitos y realidades que rodean esta interesante temática. Un panel de expertos de la región presentó casos de estudio reales, con ejemplos puntuales, sobre las promesas y las decepciones de la red móvil de quinta generación, su relación con el WiFi y una visión de futuro más allá de esta tecnología.
CIÉNAGA DE LAS MACANAS: ANÁLISIS ESPACIO TEMPORAL 2015-2020
Authors: Santamaria Andrea , Serra Yvanna , De León Conrado , Fábrega Duque José
Published: August 2021

La ciénaga de las Macanas es el único humedal de agua dulce ubicado en las provincias centrales de Panamá, con un área protegida de aproximada de 867 ha. Es categorizada un Área de Recursos Manejados por el Ministerio de Ambiente, donde se practica turismo, ecología, ganadería, agricultura y avistamiento de aves. La falta de estudios y datos actualizados del humedal, no han permitido evaluar su actividad hídrica en cuanto al desempeño del espejo de agua a través de los años. Es de especial atención, hacer un mayor monitoreo y análisis de la data de precipitación y de escorrentía, siendo estas unas de las principales entradas del cuerpo de agua. Este estudió emplea imágenes satelitales Landsat, descargadas del USGS Survey (https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/). Los datos climatológicos fueron obtenidos de estaciones de ETESA y MIAMBIENTE. Se trabajará con la data recopilada en el lugar, para así promover la participación de actores claves interesados en un desarrollo sostenible de la zona. Los resultados preliminares indican la rápida pérdida de humedad en los suelos en la época seca (enero-abril); así como situaciones de inundación por las tormentas de julio y agosto, manteniéndose inundados los suelos en los meses de octubre y noviembre. Las situaciones extremas antes mencionadas, hacen de la Ciénaga de las Macanas una zona vulnerable, a la cual se le debe garantizar su seguridad hídrica.
Reinventando El Casco: Supermanzana en el Centro Histórico de Panamá
Authors: Caballero Haydee , Hidalgo Luis , Quijada-Alarcón Jorge
Published: August 2021

El Casco Antiguo de Panamá es un área con gran potencial para desarrollar una zona peatonal por ser el área de atracción de viajes. Para que este tipo de actividad se desarrolle de forma segura se propone analizar el sitio basado en criterios de supermanzana, iniciando con una transición en donde el peatón pueda desplazarse a través de las diferentes calles de manera libre y accesible sin importar su condición física, por ello se hace necesario evaluar el estado actual de la infraestructura vial. La metodología ha consistido en visitas de campo donde se reunió información sobre el reparto del espacio de forma que se pueda generar itinerarios atractivos para peatones; se han evaluado el estado de cada una de las veredas, su estado físico, anchos mínimos, alturas, su accesibilidad; y presencia o no de obstáculos que impidan la continuidad de estas de un punto a otro, también las características de las vías, la existencia de cruces seguros y señalizaciones, además de la gestión actual de los estacionamientos en zonas ilegales o zonas que impiden la movilidad peatonal y el sistema de rutas del transporte público. Los resultados describen las problemáticas actuales, en primer lugar, el tema de movilidad peatonal y ciclista por el poco espacio disponible en vía pública como consecuencia de los autos mal estacionados y la colocación de bolardos; seguido de la imposibilidad de libre movimiento para discapacitados efecto generado a causa de la inexistencia de rampas y barandales que no permiten la integración de este grupo.
INSPECCIÓN AL CICLO DE VIDA DE PROYECTOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN SOSTENIBLE: HACIA UNA HOJA DE RUTA BASADA EN BIOMIMETISMO Y ECONOMÍA CIRCULAR
Authors: Beermann Kimberly
Published: August 2021

El sector de la construcción es uno de los más influyentes que impactan en la economía, y se prevé su expansión a causa del crecimiento de la población de casi 300% al 2050, según el Plan Energético Nacional. Sin embargo, este debe trabajar en la transición hacia la sostenibilidad y resiliencia frente al cambio climático, ya que su crecimiento implica un alto consumo de recursos y contribución de gases de efecto invernadero. La necesidad de establecer prácticas y estrategias que abarquen la dimensionalidad de la sostenibilidad (ambiente, sociedad y economía) y que se trabaje por una economía circular, son inminentes. Actualmente se cuenta con poca orientación en el marco de referencia más allá de certificaciones, así como en planificación, gestión y herramientas de evaluación para su implementación. En diferentes estudios se varía el número de fases y consideraciones para los proyectos. Por eso el trabajo de investigación propone el desarrollo de hoja de ruta unificada, con definición fases, prácticas e indicadores basados en principios inspirados en la naturaleza como la biomímesis (palabras griegas: “bio” significa vida y “mimesis”, imitación) y enfocados en una economía circular, la cual fue validada por profesionales de la construcción donde se identificaron las fortalezas, oportunidades, destrezas y amenazas contando con un alto nivel de aceptación. Esto contribuye a fortalecer el campo de la gestión de proyectos de construcción sostenible y dejar un precedente para Panamá con los enfoques innovadores de la biomímesis y economía circular.
ESTUDIO DE ACCESIBILIDAD PEATONAL DE LA ZONA ENTRE LAS ESTACIONES DEL METRO DE PANAMÁ DE SANTO TOMÁS Y LOTERÍA
Authors: Mosquera Alfonso , Bethancourt Gabriel , Quijada-Alarcón Jorge
Published: August 2021

Las aceras de la Ciudad de Panamá no consideran que se brinde facilidad y seguridad a personas con o sin movilidad reducida. El desarrollo apresurado, densidad poblacional, limita la accesibilidad peatonal. Se busca mejorar la estructura existente, siendo zona de interés la red peatonal circundante al metro. El espacio es reducido y en su mayor parte asignado a los vehículos. El objetivo principal fue analizar las aceras de la zona tomando como referencia principal los parámetros establecidos por el SENADIS sobre al ancho de acera requerido para un tránsito óptimo y con esto, determinar rutas favorables. La recopilación de la información estructural y el estado de accesibilidad en las aceras a través de la investigación de campo buscó presentar y gestionar de forma visual el comportamiento sobre la movilidad y accesibilidad en la zona. Teniendo presente que se requiere mejorar el nivel de accesibilidad en la estructura existente, así como distinguir los segmentos en función de la accesibilidad que poseen. La metodología consistió en recopilar la información existente y evaluar el estado de accesibilidad conforme a variables previamente establecidas como: ancho mínimo de aceras, estado estructural, obstáculos, salubridad, señalizaciones y rampas. Se obtuvieron resultados tales como la cantidad de tramos óptimos, funcionales y deficientes. Así, como los tramos que cumplen con el ancho de accesibilidad, también se presentaron los tramos que albergan aguas negras, basura y obstáculos. De esta forma, se crearon mapas que permiten ver el estado de las aceras en tres categorías (óptimas, funcionales y deficientes) principalmente.
Digestividad anaeróbica en reactores batch de lodos orgánicos de la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Juan Díaz
Authors: Chen Angélica , Arias Judith , Deago Euclides
Published: August 2021

Los lodos orgánicos tienen la capacidad de generar biogás mediante procesos biológicos como la digestión anaeróbica, es por ello, que este artículo tiene el propósito de evaluar los lodos que son traídos de la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Juan Diaz y de esta manera determinar el potencial de generación de metano de los lodos municipales espesados y digeridos. Las mediciones se llevaron a cabo en el Laboratorio de Sistemas Ambientales de la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá utilizando el método manométrico a través del sistema OxiTop® por un período de incubación fue de 72 horas a una temperatura constante de 35ºC. Los ensayos se realizaron en triplicado mostrando un comportamiento similar en ambos casos, en donde se pudo conocer el comportamiento de los diferentes tipos de lodos, también se pudo observar que estos lodos tienen potencial para la generación de biogás.
Sistema de riego automatizado IoT aplicado en el cultivo del pepino (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Sanchez Eval , Sanchez Erick , Acosta Aris , González Edmundo
Published: August 2021

Se desarrollo un experimento en donde se implemento un sistema de riego automatizado IoT (T1) vs un riego manual (T2), se sembraron nueve plantas de pepino por cada sistema en sacos de cultivo de fibra de coco, para el riego automatizado se incorporo un mecanismo de riego por goteo y se instalo un tanque donde se añadió el agua y las soluciones nutritivas, el riego manual se realizó con un recipiente, se instaló un sensor de humedad del suelo y de humedad relativa, todos los datos se almacenaron en la aplicación web de ThingsSpeak para monitorear la humedad del sustrato y la humedad relativa, la cosecha de los pepinos se realizo en el día 64 de desarrollo de la planta.
Chronic oral administration of beta-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol affects myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression in adult mouse heart
Authors: Patiyal SN , Sharma S
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of chronic administration of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol (2 mg/kg body weight/day for a period of 30 days) on the major contractile protein (myosin) in the left ventricular muscle of the adult mouse heart. Separation of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms on 7.5 % glycerol SDS-PAGE and subsequent quantification of the gels by laser densitometry showed a 6.5-fold increase in the beta-isoform of MHC in the clenbuterol-treated group. The alpha : beta ratio of these two isoforms in the control group was 98.16+/-0.14 %: 1.83+/-0.14 %, whereas in the treated group it was 88.05+/-1.15 % : 11.95+/-1.15 %. Actomyosin ATPase activity assay demonstrated a significant (20 %) decline in ATPase activity of the tissue in the beta-agonist-treated group. These results suggest that chronic clenbuterol treatment is capable to induced the transformation of MHC isoforms increasing the slow beta-MHC isoform, which may contribute to the altered contractile mechanics of clenbuterol-treated hearts.
Early rehabilitation model shows positive effects on neural degeneration and recovery from neuromotor deficits following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lippert-Grüner M , Maegele M , Pokorný J , Angelov DN , Švestková O , Wittner M , Trojan S
Published: August 2021

This study used an experimental early rehabilitation model combining an enriched environment, multisensory (visual, acoustic and olfactory) stimulation and motor training after traumatic brain injury (via fluid-percussion model) to simulate early multisensory rehabilitation. This therapy will be used by brain injured patients to improve neural plasticity and to restore brain integration functions. Motor dysfunction was evaluated using a composite neuroscore test. Direct structural effects of traumatic brain injury were examined using Fluoro-Jade staining, which allows identification of degenerating neural cell bodies and processes. Animals in the rehabilitation model group performed significantly better when tested for neuromotor function than the animals in standard housing in the 7-day and 15-day interval after injury (7d: p=0.005; 15d: p<0.05). Statistical analysis revealed significantly lower numbers of Fluoro-Jade positive cells (degenerating neurons) in the rehabilitation model group (n=5: mean 13.4) compared to the standard housing group (n=6: mean 123.8) (p<0.005). It appears that the housing of animals in the rehabilitation model led to a clear functional increase in neuromotor functions and to reduced neural loss compared with the animal group in standard housing.
Hubungan Kekuatan Otot Lengan, Koordinasi Mata Tangan dan Fleksibilitas Pergelangan Tangan Terhadap Ketepatan Long Servis Bulutangkis
Authors: Mangngassai Ince Abdul Muhaemin , Syaiful Andi , Marsuki Marsuki
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besarnya hubungan antara kekuatan otot lengan, koordinasi mata tangan dan fleksibilitas pergelangan tangan terhadap ketepatan long servis bulutangkis. Metode yang digunakan adalah korelasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara kekuatan otot lengan terhadap ketepatan long servis bulutangkis rx1y= 0.779 dengan kontribusi sebesar 60.68%, (2) Terdapat korelasi yang sangat signifikan antara koordinasi mata-tangan terhadap ketepatan long servis bulutangkis dengan rx2y = 0.723 dengan kontribusi sebesar 52.57% (3) Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara fleksibilitas pergelangan tangan terhadap ketepatan long servis bulutangkis  rx3y = 0.822 dengan kontribusi sebesar 67.57%, dan (4) Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara kekuatan otot lengan, koordinasi mata tangan dan fleksibilitas pergelangan tangan terhadap ketepatan long servis bulutangkis dengan rx123y = 0.942 dengan kontribusi sebesar 88.73%.
Absence of CD11a Expression Identifies Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors via Competitive Neonatal Transplantation Assay
Authors: Karimzadeh Alborz , Varady Erika S. , Scarfone Vanessa M. , Chao Connie , Grathwohl Karin , Nguyen Pauline U. , Ghorbanian Yasamine , Weissman Irving L. , Serwold Thomas , Inlay Matthew A.
Published: August 2021

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are defined by their self-renewal, multipotency, and bone marrow (BM) engraftment abilities. How HSCs emerge during embryonic development remains unclear, but are thought to arise from hemogenic endothelium through an intermediate precursor called “pre-HSCs.” Pre-HSCs have self-renewal and multipotent activity, but lack BM engraftability. They can be identified functionally by transplantation into neonatal recipients, or byin vitroco-culture with cytokines and stroma followed by transplantation into adult recipients. While pre-HSCs express markers such as Kit and CD144, a precise surface marker identity for pre-HSCs has remained elusive due to the fluctuating expression of common HSC markers during embryonic development. We have previously determined that the lack of CD11a expression distinguishes HSCs in adults as well as multipotent progenitors in the embryo. Here, we use a neonatal transplantation assay to identify pre-HSC populations in the mouse embryo. We establish CD11a as a critical marker for the identification and enrichment of pre-HSCs in day 10.5 and 11.5 mouse embryos. Our proposed pre-HSC population, termed “11a- eKLS” (CD11a- Ter119- CD43+ Kit+ Sca1+ CD144+), contains allin vivolong-term engrafting embryonic progenitors. This population also displays a cell-cycle status expected of embryonic HSC precursors. Furthermore, we identify the neonatal liver as the likely source of signals that can mature pre-HSCs into BM-engraftable HSCs.
On the Treatment of Soil Water Stress in GCM Simulations of Vegetation Physiology
Authors: Vidale P. L. , Egea G. , McGuire P. C. , Todt M. , Peters W. , Müller O. , Balan-Sarojini B. , Verhoef A.
Published: August 2021

Current land surface schemes in weather and climate models make use of the so-called coupled photosynthesis–stomatal conductance (A–gs) models of plant function to determine the surface fluxes that govern the terrestrial energy, water and carbon budgets. Plant physiology is controlled by many environmental factors, and a number of complex feedbacks are involved, but soil moisture control on root water uptake is primary, particularly in sub-tropical to temperate ecosystems. Land surface models represent plant water stress in different ways, but most implement a water stress factor, β, which ranges linearly (more recently also curvilinearly) between β = 1 for unstressed vegetation and β = 0 at the wilting point, expressed in terms of volumetric water content (θ).  β is most commonly used to either limit A or gs, and hence carbon and water fluxes, and a pertinent research question is whether these treatments are in fact interchangeable. Following Egea et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2011, 151 (10), 1,370–1,384) and Verhoef et al. (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2014, 191, 22–32), we have implemented new β treatments, reflecting higher levels of biophysical complexity in a state-of-the-art LSM, Joint UK Land Environment Simulator, by allowing root zone soil moisture to limit plant function non-linearly and via individual routes (carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance, or mesophyll conductance) as well as any (non-linear) combinations thereof. The treatment of β does matter to the prediction of water and carbon fluxes: this study demonstrates that it represents a key structural uncertainty in contemporary LSMs, in terms of predictions of gross primary productivity, energy fluxes and soil moisture evolution, both in terms of climate means and response to a number of European droughts, including the 2003 heat wave. Treatments allowing ß to act on vegetation fluxes via stomatal and mesophyll routes are able to simulate the spatiotemporal variability in water use efficiency with higher fidelity during the growing season; they also support a broader range of ecosystem responses, e.g., those observed in regions that are radiation limited or water limited. We conclude that current practice in weather and climate modelling is inconsistent, as well as too simplistic, failing to credibly simulate vegetation response to soil water stress across the typical range of variability that is encountered for current European weather and climate conditions, including extremes of land surface temperature and soil moisture drought. A generalized approach performs better in current climate conditions and promises to be, based on responses to recently observed extremes, more trustworthy for predicting the impacts of climate change.
Enabling the Reuse of Long-Term Marine Biological Observations in Essential Variables Frameworks Through a Practical Approach
Authors: Zilioli Martina , Bergami Caterina , Carrara Paola , Fugazza Cristiano , Oggioni Alessandro , Pugnetti Alessandra , Tagliolato Acquaviva d’Aragona Paolo
Published: August 2021

Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) and Biological and Ecosystem Essential Ocean Variables (BioEco EOVs) are two cooperative conceptual frameworks which help harmonize and process multi-source marine biodiversity observations into robust indexes, in order to measure progress toward policy conservation goals. Long-term monitoring networks are encouraged to contribute to these frameworks by mobilizing historical times series which are suitable for detecting impacts of management policies. In this paper, we identify specific recommendations for increasing reuse in the EV frameworks of the biodiversity historical data collected and maintained by the Gulf of Venice (GOV) site, i.e., the monitoring facility that is selected as case study in the Italian Long-Term Ecological Research network (LTER-Italy). The recommendations are obtained through a practical approach comprising two phases. In the first phase, a literature review helps extract the guidelines for implementing the principles representing the most recent attempt to unify management of EBV and BioEco EOV data, i.e., Benson’s tenets. In the second phase, we compare the guidelines to the data management practices enacted by the selected monitoring site in order to recommend curation interventions. The outputs of the analysis are discussed in order to verify if the approach and the recommendations are general enough to be replicated in the marine component of monitoring networks to coordinate the LTER data contribution to the EV frameworks.
Spatial Analysis of Beaked Whale Foraging During Two 12 kHz Multibeam Echosounder Surveys
Authors: Kates Varghese Hilary , Lowell Kim , Miksis-Olds Jennifer , DiMarzio Nancy , Moretti David , Mayer Larry
Published: August 2021

To add to the growing information about the effect of multibeam echosounder (MBES) operation on marine mammals, a study was conducted to assess the spatial foraging effort of Cuvier’s beaked whales during two MBES surveys conducted in January of 2017 and 2019 off of San Clemente Island, California. The MBES surveys took place on the Southern California Antisubmarine Warfare Range (SOAR), which contains an array of 89 hydrophones covering an area of approximately 1800 km2over which foraging beaked whales were detected. A spatial autocorrelation analysis of foraging effort was conducted using the Moran’s I (global) and the Getis-Ord Gi∗(local) statistics, to understand the animals’ spatial use of the entire SOAR, as well as smaller areas, respectively, within the SOARBefore, During, andAfterthe two MBES surveys. In both years, the global Moran’s I statistic suggested significant spatial clustering of foraging events on the SOAR during all analysis periods (Before, During, andAfter). In addition, a Kruskal-Wallis (comparison) test of both years revealed that the number of foraging events across analysis periods were similar within a given year. In 2017, the local Getis-Ord Gi∗analysis identified hot spots of foraging activity in the same general area of the SOAR during all analysis periods. This local result, in combination with the global and comparison results of 2017, suggest there was no obvious period-related change detected in foraging effort associated with the 2017 MBES survey at the resolution measurable with the hydrophone array. In 2019, the foraging hot spot area shifted from the southernmost corner of the SOARBefore, to the centerDuring, and was split between the two locationsAfterthe MBES survey. Due to the pattern of period-related spatial change identified in 2019, and the lack of change detected in 2017, it was unclear whether the change detected in 2019 was a result of MBES activity or some other environmental factor. Nonetheless, the results strongly suggest that the level of detected foraging during either MBES survey did not change, and most of the foraging effort remained in the historically well-utilized foraging locations of Cuvier’s beaked whales on the SOAR.
Diversity of Deep-Sea Scale-Worms (Annelida, Polynoidae) in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone
Authors: Bonifácio Paulo , Neal Lenka , Menot Lénaïck
Published: August 2021

The polymetallic nodules lying on the seafloor of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) represent over 30 billion metric tons of manganese. A single mining operation has potential to directly impact approximately 200 km2 of the seabed per year. Yet, the biodiversity and functioning of the bentho-demersal ecosystem in the CCFZ remain poorly understood. Recent studies indicate a high species diversity in a food-poor environment, although the area remains poorly sampled. Undersampling is aggravated by a combination of low densities of fauna and high habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales. This study examines the Polynoidae, a diverse family of mobile polychaetes. Sampling with an epibenthic sledge and a remotely operated vehicle was performed during the cruise SO239 within the eastern CCFZ. Five areas under the influence of a sea surface productivity gradient were visited. Specimens were identified using morphology and DNA: (i) to provide a more comprehensive account of polynoid diversity within the CCFZ, (ii) to infer factors potentially driving alpha and beta diversity, and (iii) to test the hypothesis that epibenthic polychaetes have low species turnover and large species range. Patterns of species turnover across the eastern CCFZ were correlated with organic carbon fluxes to the seafloor but there was also a differentiation in the composition of assemblages north and south of the Clarion fracture. In contrast to the previous studies, patterns of alpha taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity both suggest that polynoid assemblages are the most diverse at Area of Particular Environmental Interest no. 3, the most oligotrophic study site, located north of the Clarion fracture. Without ruling out the possibility of sampling bias, the main hypothesis explaining such high diversity is the diversification of polynoid subfamily Macellicephalinae, in response to oligotrophy. We propose that macellicephalins evolved under extremely low food supply conditions through adoption of a semi-pelagic mode of life, which enabled them to colonise new niches at the benthic boundary layer and foster their radiation at great depths.