bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demand Simulation of Inter‐Regional Railway Passengers Considering Multi‐Mode Route Alternatives
Authors: SHIBATA MUNENORI , SUZUKI TAKAMASA , OKUDA DAIKI
Published: May 2017

This study attempts to develop a method for inter‐regional train demand estimation considering multi‐mode route alternatives. A special effort is made to avoid the path overlapping problem when using logit‐type route choice models by adopting the C‐logit type model. The characteristics of route choice behavior between multi‐mode and single‐mode routes are indicated on the basis of the original questionnaire survey data to reveal factors that apply to multi‐mode route choice. On the basis of these factors, the modified C‐logit type route choice model is applied to route choice behavior of inter‐regional passengers to take path overlapping problems in a multi‐mode inter‐regional transportation network into account. Compared to the classic logit‐type model, the developed model has a better performance, a conclusion drawn on the basis of Akaike's information criterion and the adjusted likelihood ratio. A sample demand simulation is then conducted to demonstrate how the developed model can be applied in practice. The result indicates that the developed model successfully estimated route choice behavior in a multi‐mode inter‐regional transportation network.
Modeling dynamics of native and invasive species to guide prioritization of management actions
Authors: Lohr Cheryl A. , Hone Jim , Bode Michael , Dickman Christopher R. , Wenger Amelia , Pressey Robert L.
Published: May 2017

Action to achieve biodiversity conservation is usually expensive, and resources are limited relative to conservation goals. Prioritizing management investment therefore is essential if important goals are to be achieved. New software, the “Islands DSS,” has been developed to prioritize the mix of management actions that will optimally mitigate biodiversity loss. Here, we present novel temporally dynamic models of species population growth, interaction, and management efficacy that have been incorporated into the software. We have analyzed the sensitivity of these models to uncertainty in four parameters: maximum rate of population growth (rmax), coefficient of species interaction (αij), quantity of food resources required to maintain species equilibrium (Ji), and the coefficient of management efficacy (θi). We focused on the projected abundance of species by simulating interactions among one to four species, both invasive and native, on a hypothetical arid‐tropical island that is 1000 ha in size and consists of five evenly distributed habitat types. Sensitivity analysis revealed significant variation in species abundance due to uncertainty in rmax (coefficient = 51.34; P < 0.001) and αij (Ni = −16.48; P = 0.43; Nj = −2.332; P = 2.00−16), a significant but potentially stabilizing effect of modeling multiple species simultaneously (coefficient = −65.80; P = 2.00−16), and mirroring by species response trajectories of threat mitigation trajectories. There are several benefits of using temporally dynamic models of species responses to threat mitigation in systematic conservation planning including increased accuracy in estimates of the cost of management; locally relevant understanding of lag‐times between threat establishment and unacceptable impacts on valued species; understanding of threat abundance and required intensity of control for biodiversity features to persist; site‐ and species‐specific understanding of time to eradication and threat recovery when management is interrupted; and an improved understanding of the opportunity cost, in terms of threat levels and responses of native species, for islands not selected for management. Our models and associated software are based on decades of ecological research, potentially useful in a wide range of situations, including islands, the mainland, and marine regions, and we suggest that they provide managers with novel and powerful tools to efficiently prioritize conservation actions via the new systematic conservation planning software, “Islands DSS.”
Assessing the risk of carbon dioxide emissions from blue carbon ecosystems
Authors: Lovelock Catherine E , Atwood Trisha , Baldock Jeff , Duarte Carlos M , Hickey Sharyn , Lavery Paul S , Masque Pere , Macreadie Peter I , Ricart Aurora M , Serrano Oscar , Steven Andy
Published: May 2017

“Blue carbon” ecosystems, which include tidal marshes, mangrove forests, and seagrass meadows, have large stocks of organic carbon (Corg) in their soils. These carbon stocks are vulnerable to decomposition and – if degraded – can be released to the atmosphere in the form of CO2. We present a framework to help assess the relative risk of CO2 emissions from degraded soils, thereby supporting inclusion of soil Corg into blue carbon projects and establishing a means to prioritize management for their carbon values. Assessing the risk of CO2 emissions after various kinds of disturbances can be accomplished through knowledge of both the size of the soil Corg stock at a site and the likelihood that the soil Corg will decompose to CO2.
“Accidental” urban wetlands: ecosystem functions in unexpected places
Authors: Palta Monica M , Grimm Nancy B , Groffman Peter M
Published: May 2017

“Accidental” urban wetlands are formed not through deliberate restoration or management activity, but as a product of land use and water infrastructure decisions by municipalities. Often formed in abandoned industrial, residential, or low‐lying commercial areas, where overland flows from storms and municipal water use accumulate, these ecosystems support wetland soils and plant communities. Research that we have conducted in the northeastern and southwestern US suggests that accidental wetlands are capable of counteracting anthropogenic eutrophication, providing habitats for important ecological communities, fostering biodiversity, and mitigating heat. Because the factors contributing to their formation are ubiquitous, accidental wetland systems are likely pervasive in urban landscapes, accounting for a substantial portion of aquatic habitat extent and influencing nutrient and water cycles within cities. They also provide ecosystem services at a fraction of the cost associated with more traditional environmental management efforts.
Mindfulness meditation regulates anterior insula activity during empathy for social pain
Authors: Laneri Davide , Krach Sören , Paulus Frieder M , Kanske Philipp , Schuster Verena , Sommer Jens , Müller‐Pinzler Laura
Published: May 2017

Mindfulness has been shown to reduce stress, promote health, and well‐being, as well as to increase compassionate behavior toward others. It reduces distress to one's own painful experiences, going along with altered neural responses, by enhancing self‐regulatory processes and decreasing emotional reactivity. In order to investigate if mindfulness similarly reduces distress and neural activations associated with empathy for others' socially painful experiences, which might in the following more strongly motivate prosocial behavior, the present study compared trait, and state effects of long‐term mindfulness meditation (LTM) practice. To do so we acquired behavioral data and neural activity measures using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an empathy for social pain task while manipulating the meditation state between two groups of LTM practitioners that were matched with a control group. The results show increased activations of the anterior insula (AI) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as well as the medial prefrontal cortex and temporal pole when sharing others' social suffering, both in LTM practitioners and controls. However, in LTM practitioners, who practiced mindfulness meditation just prior to observing others' social pain, left AI activation was lower and the strength of AI activation following the mindfulness meditation was negatively associated with trait compassion in LTM practitioners. The findings suggest that current mindfulness meditation could provide an adaptive mechanism in coping with distress due to the empathic sharing of others' suffering, thereby possibly enabling compassionate behavior. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4034–4046, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety and efficacy of current direct‐acting antiviral regimens in kidney and liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C: Results from the HCV‐TARGET study
Authors: Saxena Varun , Khungar Vandana , Verna Elizabeth C. , Levitsky Josh , Brown Robert S. , Hassan Mohamed A. , Sulkowski Mark S. , O'Leary Jacqueline G. , Koraishy Farrukh , Galati Joseph S. , Kuo Alexander A. , Vainorius Monika , Akushevich Lucy , Nelson David R. , Fried Michael W. , Terrault Norah , Reddy K. Rajender
Published: May 2017

Data outside of clinical trials with direct‐acting antiviral regimens with or without ribavirin as treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus in solid organ transplant recipients are limited. Liver transplant (LT), kidney transplant (KT), and dual liver kidney (DLK) transplant recipients from the Hepatitis C Therapeutic Registry and Research Network database, a multicenter, longitudinal clinical care treatment cohort, treated with direct‐acting antiviral regimens between January 1, 2014, and February 15, 2016, were included to assess safety and efficacy. Included were 443 posttransplant patients (KT = 60, LT = 347, DLK = 36); 42% had cirrhosis, and 54% had failed prior antiviral therapy. Most had genotype (GT) 1 (87% with 52% GT1a, 27% GT1b, and 8% GT1 no subtype) and were treated with sofosbuvir (SOF)/ledipasvir ± ribavirin (85%) followed by SOF + daclatasvir ± ribavirin (9%) and ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir ± ribavirin (6%). Rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) at 12 weeks were available on 412 patients, and 395 patients (95.9%) achieved SVR at 12 weeks: 96.6%, 94.5%, and 90.9% among LT, KT, and DLK transplant recipients, respectively. Ribavirin did not influence SVR rates and was more often used in those with higher BMI, higher estimated glomerular filtration rate and lower creatinine. Female gender, baseline albumin ≥3.5 g/dL, baseline total bilirubin ≤1.2 mg/dL, absence of cirrhosis, and hepatic decompensation predicted SVR at 12 weeks. Six episodes of acute rejection (n = 2 KT, 4 LT) occurred, during hepatitis C virus treatment in 4 and after cessation of treatment in 2. Conclusion: In a large prospective observational cohort study, direct‐acting antiviral therapy with SOF/ledipasvir, ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir, and SOF plus daclatasvir was efficacious and safe in LT, KT, and DLK transplant recipients; ribavirin did not influence SVR, and graft rejection was rare. (Hepatology 2017;66:1090‐1101).
Prediction of thrombophilia in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss using a statistical model
Authors: Wang Tongfei , Kang Xiaomin , He Liying , Liu Zhilan , Xu Haijing , Zhao Aimin
Published: May 2017

Objective

To establish a statistical model to predict thrombophilia in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL).

Methods

A retrospective case–control study was conducted at Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China, from March 2014 to October 2016. The levels of D‐dimer (DD), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (Fg), and platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were collected. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to analyze data from 158 UPRL patients (≥3 previous first trimester pregnancy losses with unexplained etiology) and 131 non‐RPL patients (no history of recurrent pregnancy loss). A logistic regression model (LRM) was built and the model was externally validated in another group of patients.

Results

The LRM included AA, DD, FDP, TT, APTT, and PT. The overall accuracy of the LRM was 80.9%, with sensitivity and specificity of 78.5% and 78.3%, respectively. The diagnostic threshold of the possibility of the LRM was 0.6492, with a sensitivity of 78.5% and a specificity of 78.3%. Subsequently, the LRM was validated with an overall accuracy of 83.6%.

Conclusion

The LRM is a valuable model for prediction of thrombophilia in URPL patients.
Contemporary psychology and women: A gender analysis of the scientific production
Authors: González‐Álvarez Julio , Cervera‐Crespo Teresa
Published: May 2017

Despite important advances made in recent decades, women are still underrepresented in science (less than 30% of authorships). This study presents a bibliometric analysis of all the Psychology articles published in 2009 included in the Web of Science database (Thomson Reuters) in order to examine the contribution of women in contemporary Psychology, their pattern of research collaboration, the scientific content and the scientific impact from a gender perspective. From a total of 90,067 authorships, gender could be identified in 74,413 (82.6%) of them, being 40,782 (54.8%) male authorships and 33,631 (45.2%) female authorships. These data corresponded to 24,477 (49.9%) individual men and 24,553 (50.1%) women, respectively. Therefore, Psychology presents gender parity in the number of authors, and a gender asymmetry in the number of authorships that it is much lower than in science in general and other specific scientific fields. In relative terms, women tend to be concentrated in the first position of the authorship by‐line and much less in the last (senior) position. This double pattern suggests that age probably plays a role in (partly) explaining the slight gender disparity of authorships.
Nonparametric methods and local‐time‐based estimation for dynamic power law distributions
Authors: Fernholz Ricardo T.
Published: May 2017

This paper introduces nonparametric econometric methods that characterize general power law distributions under basic stability conditions. These methods extend the literature on power laws in the social sciences in several directions. First, we show that any stationary distribution in a random growth setting is shaped entirely by two factors: the idiosyncratic volatilities and reversion rates (a measure of cross‐sectional mean reversion) for different ranks in the distribution. This result is valid regardless of how growth rates and volatilities vary across different economic agents, and hence applies to Gibrat's law and its extensions. Second, we present techniques to estimate these two factors using panel data. Third, we describe how our results imply predictability as higher‐ranked processes must on average grow more slowly than lower‐ranked processes. We employ our empirical methods using data on commodity prices and show that our techniques accurately describe the empirical distribution of relative commodity prices. We also show that rank‐based out‐of‐sample forecasts of future commodity prices outperform random‐walk forecasts at a 1‐month horizon.
Quantitative comparative analysis of the nasal chemosensory organs of anurans during larval development and metamorphosis highlights the relative importance of chemosensory subsystems in the group
Authors: Jungblut Lucas David , Reiss John O. , Paz Dante A. , Pozzi Andrea G.
Published: May 2017

The anuran peripheral olfactory system is composed of a number of subsystems, represented by distinct neuroepithelia. These include the main olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ (found in most tetrapods) and three specialized epithelia of anurans: the buccal‐exposed olfactory epithelium of larvae, and the olfactory recess and middle chamber epithelium of postmetamorphic animals. To better characterize the developmental changes in these subsystems across the life cycle, morphometric changes of the nasal chemosensory organs during larval development and metamorphosis were analyzed in three different anuran species (Rhinella arenarum, Hypsiboas pulchellus, and Xenopus laevis). We calculated the volume of the nasal chemosensory organs by measuring the neuroepithelial area from serial histological sections at four different stages. In larvae, the vomeronasal organ was relatively reduced in R. arenarum compared with the other two species; the buccal‐exposed olfactory epithelium was absent in X. laevis, and best developed in H. pulchellus. In postmetamorphic animals, the olfactory epithelium (air‐sensitive organ) was relatively bigger in terrestrial species (R. arenarum and H. pulchellus), whereas the vomeronasal and the middle chamber epithelia (water‐sensitive organs) was best developed in X. laevis. A small olfactory recess (likely homologous with the middle chamber epithelium) was found in R. arenarum juveniles, but not in H. pulchellus. These results support the association of the vomeronasal and middle chamber epithelia with aquatic olfaction, as seen by their enhanced development in the secondarily aquatic juveniles of X. laevis. They also support a role for the larval buccal‐exposed olfactory epithelium in assessment of oral contents: it was absent in X. laevis, an obligate suspension feeder, while present in the two grazing species. These initial quantitative results give, for the first time, insight into the functional importance of the peripheral olfactory subsystems across the anuran life cycle.
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Hantaan virus infection in four pregnant Chinese women
Authors: Ji Fanpu , Zhao Wenxuan , Liu Hailing , Zheng Hongbo , Wang Shengbang , He Caini , Wang Wenjun , Zhang Ruijuan , Bai Dan , Tian Changyin , Zhao Wenxue , Deng Hong
Published: May 2017

Hantavirus infection during pregnancy can influence both maternal and fetal outcomes. Here, we describe four cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in pregnant Chinese women. The HFRS put these women at increased risk for severe illness, despite the patients’ symptomologies in the onset phase were similar to those observed in non‐pregnant HFRS patients, such as fever, headache, nausea, and thrombocytopenia. Pregnant women appeared to have a more severe status, presenting with severe complications, such as hypervolemia and pulmonary edema. Nevertheless, with appropriate management, mothers with HFRS may carry to full‐term and breastfeeding maybe safe and feasible.
An RGB to RGBG conversion algorithm for AMOLED panel
Authors: Huang Chengqiang , Zhang Qi , Wang Hui , Feng Songlin
Published: May 2017

In this paper, an RGB‐to‐RGBG conversion algorithm based on the weighting factor (WF) has been proposed. The gray level of each RGBG sub‐pixel is represented by the weighted sum of the original gray levels. The weighting factors are adaptively calculated by minimizing the square error. Furthermore, the color fringing artifact is significantly improved by using this method. Peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of U component and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio of V component of the image processed by WF is larger than that processed by direct assignment and FRB. The mean square error of the image processed by the WF is 14% and 53% smaller than that of image processed by direct assignment and FRB, respectively. The proposed algorithm has been implemented on a field‐programmable gate array, and the displayed image has good visual effect.
Application of Ultrasound Elastography for Chronic Allograft Dysfunction in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Wang Zijie , Yang Haiwei , Suo Chuanjian , Wei Jifu , Tan Ruoyun , Gu Min
Published: May 2017

Interstitial fibrosis is the main characteristic of chronic allograft dysfunction, which remains the key factor affecting long‐term allograft survival after kidney transplantation. Ultrasound elastography (UE), including real‐time elastography, transient elastography, and acoustic radiation force impulse, has been applied widely in breast, thyroid, and liver diseases, especially in the assessment of liver fibrosis. Recently, numerous studies have reported the efficacy of UE methods in evaluating renal allograft fibrosis. This review aims to investigate the clinical applications, limitations, and future roles of UE in current clinical practice in light of changing management paradigms. In current clinical practice, UE methods, especially transient elastographic measurement, appear to be useful for ruling out fibrosis but do not have sufficient accuracy to distinguish between various stages of allograft fibrosis. Moreover, there remain considerable issues to be solved for the application of UE in kidney transplantation. Thus, UE methods cannot replace the crucial role of renal allograft biopsy in the diagnosis and evaluation of allograft fibrosis in kidney transplantation. Perhaps UE methods could be of more importance in the long‐term observation and evaluation of allograft fibrosis during follow‐up.
Addition of Color Doppler Sonography for Detection of Amniotic Fluid Disturbances and Its Implications on Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Odibo Imelda N. , Whittemore Brianna S. , Hughes Dawn S. , Simmons Pamela M. , Ounpraseuth Songthip T. , Magann Everett F.
Published: May 2017

Objectives

To determine whether color Doppler sonography increases the detection of pregnancies at risk for adverse outcomes.

Methods

Participants admitted to labor and delivery with the anticipation of a vaginal delivery underwent measurements of amniotic fluid volume (AFV) using amniotic fluid index (AFI) and single deepest pocket (SDP) techniques by grayscale followed by color Doppler sonography. Oligohydramnios was defined as an AFI of less than 5 cm or an SDP of less than 2 cm. Intrapartum and perinatal outcomes were compared between participants with a diagnosis of a low AFV by grayscale and color Doppler sonography.

Results

Over 42 months, 428 women were enrolled in the study. Color Doppler sonography resulted in lower AFV estimates (mean ± SD by the AFI, 10.7 ± 3.7 cm by grayscale sonography and 8.6 ± 3.6cm by color Doppler sonography; P < .0001). For the SDP, the mean AFVs were 4.6 ± 2.0 cm by grayscale sonography and 3.4 ± 1.4 cm by color Doppler sonography (P < .0001). The level of agreement between grayscale and color Doppler sonography in estimating the AFV was fair, with κ = 0.32 for the AFI and 0.28 for the SDP. Outcome measures of AFVs classified as low based on color Doppler sonography (normal by grayscale sonography) and those classified as low by grayscale sonography (low by color Doppler sonography) were compared. There was no difference in composite perinatal complications, mode of delivery, or composite neonatal complications.

Conclusions

The use of color Doppler sonography leads to the overdiagnosis of low AFVs and does not appear to increase the detection of pregnancies destined for adverse intrapartum or perinatal outcomes.
Distal Forearm Fracture Open Reduction–Internal Fixation: Sonographic Detection of Hardware Malalignment and Associated Tendon Injuries Missed by Radiography
Authors: Morgan Tara A. , Piper Samantha L. , Lattanza Lisa L. , Goldstein Ruth B. , Link Thomas , Motamedi Daria
Published: May 2017

Tendon injury is a known complication of distal radius fracture plate and screw fixation. Targeted musculoskeletal sonography is uniquely capable of assessing both tendon integrity and hardware abnormalities not recognized on radiographs. Each of the 3 patients described presented with pain after an open reduction–internal fixation following a distal forearm fracture. In each patient, radiographic findings, specifically the hardware position, were interpreted as normal. Important radiographically occult observations were subsequently made with sonography, including 3 proud screws and tendon injuries, all of which required surgical treatment. This case series demonstrates the clinical utility of musculoskeletal sonography in symptomatic patients after distal radius open reduction–internal fixation with negative radiographic findings. In our practice, sonography has been the most useful modality for precluding missing or delaying the diagnosis and treatment of these hardware complications. We advocate its use as an adjunct in any department performing musculoskeletal imaging.
A novel marine bioinvasion vector: Ichthyochory, live passage through fish
Authors: Guy‐Haim Tamar , Hyams‐Kaphzan Orit , Yeruham Erez , Almogi‐Labin Ahuva , Carlton James T.
Published: May 2017

Many species of Indo‐Pacific holobenthic foraminifera have been introduced and successfully established sustainable populations in the Mediterranean Sea over the past few decades. However, known natural and anthropogenic vectors do not explain how these species were introduced long distances from their origin. We present evidence for a novel marine bioinvasion vector explaining this long‐distance transport and introduction using both contemporary field and historical analyses. In 2015–2016, we found living specimens of 29 foraminiferal species in the fecal pellets of two Red Sea herbivorous rabbitfish—Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus in the Mediterranean. In our historical analysis, we found 34 foraminiferal species in preserved Red Sea rabbitfish specimens, dating between 1967 and 1975. In addition, we found congruent propagation patterns of the non‐indigenous rabbitfish and foraminifera, lagging 4–11 yrs between discoveries, respectively. Predation of marine benthos by non‐indigenous fish, followed by incomplete digestion and defecation of viable individuals, comprise the main introduction vector of these organisms into novel environments.
Wetting Transitions in Polymer Nanograss Generated by Nanoimprinting
Authors: Hönes Roland , Kondrashov Vitaliy , Huai Haosu , Rühe Jürgen
Published: May 2017

To study the transitions between wetting regimes on highly rough surfaces, the authors have fabricated a set of polymer nanograss surfaces with virtually identical geometry, but different surface chemistry by double replication. A common silicon master of the “black silicon” type, obtained by cryogenic SF6/O2 plasma etching, is used for all replications. Additionally, the same process is used to generate nanograss‐carrying, transferrable foils, and the authors show how to increase sample size by multiple lithography steps side by side on one support. This process proves generally applicable to soluble thermoplastics. Thus, by choosing polymers with different surface energy, all three possible wetting regimes on highly rough surfaces are realized—superwetting, superhydrophobicity, and the intermediate, sticky Wenzel regime. The locations of and the phenomena close to the transitions between these three wetting regimes are studied, based on dynamic contact angle measurements.

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Effects of Alterations to Ziegler–Natta Catalysts on Kinetics and Comonomer (1‐Butene) Incorporation
Authors: Aigner Paul , Averina Elena , Garoff Thomas , Paulik Christian
Published: May 2017

Various MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalysts are synthesized with the intention to influence polymerization performance and 1‐butene incorporation in an ethylene copolymer. Modifications are introduced during different steps in the synthesis process, namely support preparation, titanation, and catalyst workup. While multiple different effects are observed upon modification, heat treatment during titanation shows the greatest impact. Increasing the heat‐treatment temperature increases polymerization activity. More importantly, the 1‐butene distribution can be shifted toward a more homogeneous profile. The amount of 1‐butene incorporated is similar to both for short‐ and for very long‐chain molecules. This behavior has so far been known only from metallocene‐based polyethylene and suggests that active sites are distributed more homogeneously in the ZN catalyst.

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The State of Nonprofit Finance Research across Disciplines
Authors: Schatteman Alicia M. , Waymire Tammy R.
Published: May 2017

The single largest determinant of nonprofit organization success is financial sustainability. Yet the study of nonprofit finance spans multiple disciplines, creating barriers for new researchers to the field. To address this challenge, this study addresses three primary questions across disciplines: How much nonprofit finance research has been conducted, what is the content of this research, and what is the impact of this research? This systematic literature search revealed 619 nonprofit finance research articles in twenty‐seven journals published in the disciplines of nonprofit management, public administration, accounting, and economics and finance between 1970 and 2014. The vast majority (415 of the 619 identified articles) were published in nonprofit management journals (either Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly or Nonprofit Management & Leadership). Across disciplines, there is an emphasis on determinants of giving, but we note some variation; for example, there is more emphasis on government funding in journals outside of nonprofit management. The impact of this research is significant, with more than 32,630 citations, or an average of 52.71 times per article. The resulting bibliography may be helpful to researchers seeking to discern the status of extant nonprofit finance research across multiple disciplines.
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites reinforced with nanozirconia and PTFE: Mechanical and thermal behavior
Authors: Amrishraj D. , Senthilvelan T.
Published: May 2017

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites reinforced with varying contents of PTFE and nanozirconia have been prepared by employing twin screw extrusion technique followed by compression molding. Mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, impact strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus have been determined by conducting various mechanical tests according to corresponding ASTM test standards. Thermogravetic analysis (TG/DTA) has been carried out so as to study the thermal stability of the composites. Viscoelastic behavior of composites has been studied using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The results show that addition of nanoparticles has a positive influence on tensile and flexural behavior with appreciable reduction in impact strength. Addition of PTFE enhances the toughness of the materials, however other mechanical properties such as tensile strength and modulus decreases. Fractographs of the composites have been studied in Scanning Electron Microscope. TGA curves show that addition of both PTFE and nanozirconia improves the thermal stability of the composites. DMA studies reveal that addition of nanozirconia improves stiffness with reduction of damping properties, while addition of PTFE results in decrease of storage modulus. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1520–E1530, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
The three‐vessel and trachea view (3VTV) in the first trimester of pregnancy: an additional tool in screening for congenital heart defects (CHD) in an unselected population
Authors: De Robertis Valentina , Rembouskos Georgios , Fanelli Tiziana , Volpe Grazia , Muto Brunella , Volpe Paolo
Published: May 2017

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining the three‐vessel and trachea view (3VTV) in an unselected population undergoing first trimester screening for aneuploidy, and to investigate its role in the early detection of congenital heart defects (CHD).

Methods

Cardiac examination was performed by expert sonographers. Abnormal findings of 3VTV were classified in three different subgroups: number, size and spatial relationship of the vessels.

Results

We enrolled 6350 consecutive singleton pregnancies and included 5343 cases. Examination of 3VTV was feasible in 94% of cases. Fifty‐seven (1%) CHD were present in the study period; 24 cases were excluded because parents opted for termination of pregnancy. Of the remaining 33 cases, 25 were suspected at the first trimester and eight were detected only at the mid‐trimester. An abnormal 3VTV was suspected in 22 cases, and it was confirmed in 21. Five cases that were erroneously classified in the subgroup of abnormal vessel number were actually characterized by a diminutive size of one of the great arteries. The detection rate for CHD, including 4‐CV and 3VTV, was 75.8%.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that 3VTV is an easy plane to obtain by expert sonographers in an unselected population during first trimester. Typical suspicions include detection of abnormal number, size or spatial relationship of the vessels. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correcting hazard ratio estimates for outcome misclassification using multiple imputation with internal validation data
Authors: Ni Jiayi , Leong Aaron , Dasgupta Kaberi , Rahme Elham
Published: May 2017

Objective

Outcome misclassification may occur in observational studies using administrative databases. We evaluated a two‐step multiple imputation approach based on complementary internal validation data obtained from two subsamples of study participants to reduce bias in hazard ratio (HR) estimates in Cox regressions.

Methods

We illustrated this approach using data from a surveyed sample of 6247 individuals in a study of statin‐diabetes association in Quebec. We corrected diabetes status and onset assessed from health administrative data against self‐reported diabetes and/or elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) assessed in subsamples. The association between statin use and new onset diabetes was evaluated using administrative data and the corrected data. By simulation, we assessed the performance of this method varying the true HR, sensitivity, specificity, and the size of validation subsamples.

Results

The adjusted HR of new onset diabetes among statin users versus non‐users was 1.61 (95% confidence interval: 1.09–2.38) using administrative data only, 1.49 (0.95–2.34) when diabetes status and onset were corrected based on self‐report and undiagnosed diabetes (FBG ≥ 7 mmol/L), and 1.36 (0.92–2.01) when corrected for self‐report and undiagnosed diabetes/impaired FBG (≥ 6 mmol/L). In simulations, the multiple imputation approach yielded less biased HR estimates and appropriate coverage for both non‐differential and differential misclassification. Large variations in the corrected HR estimates were observed using validation subsamples with low participation proportion. The bias correction was sometimes outweighed by the uncertainty introduced by the unknown time of event occurrence.

Conclusion

Multiple imputation is useful to correct for outcome misclassification in time‐to‐event analyses if complementary validation data are available from subsamples. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bronchoscopy in children with tetralogy of fallot, pulmonary atresia, and major aortopulmonary collaterals
Authors: Sidell Douglas R. , Koth Andrew M. , Bauser‐Heaton Holly , McElhinney Doff B. , Wise‐Faberowski Lisa , Tracy Michael C. , Hanley Frank L. , Asija Ritu ,   On behalf of the Pulmonary Artery Reconstruction Program at Stanford University
Published: May 2017

Objective

Children with Tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary Atresia, and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals (TOF/PA/MAPCAs) undergoing unifocalization surgery are at risk for developing more postoperative respiratory complications than children undergoing other types of congenital heart surgery. Bronchoscopy is used in the perioperative period for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this study, we describe bronchoscopic findings and identify factors associated with selection for bronchoscopy.

Design

Retrospective case‐control.

Patients and Methods

All patients with TOF/PA/MAPCAs who underwent unifocalization surgery from September 2005 through March 2016 were included. Patients who underwent bronchoscopy in the perioperative period were compared to a randomly selected cohort of 172 control patients who underwent unifocalization without bronchoscopy during the study period.

Results

Forty‐three children underwent perioperative bronchoscopy at a median of 9 days postoperatively. Baseline demographics were similar in bronchoscopy patients and controls. Patients who underwent bronchoscopy were more likely to have a chromosome 22q11 deletion and were more likely have undergone unifocalization surgery without intracardiac repair. These patients had a longer duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU duration, and length of hospitalization. Abnormalities were detected on bronchoscopy in 35 patients (81%), and 20 (35%) of bronchoscopy patients underwent a postoperative intervention related to abnormalities identified on bronchoscopy.

Conclusion

Bronchoscopy is a useful therapeutic and diagnostic instrument for children undergoing unifocalization surgery, capable of identifying abnormalities leading to an additional intervention in over one third of patients. Special attention should be given to children with a 22q11 deletion to expedite diagnosis and intervention for possible airway complications.
All circular but different: Variation in patterns of Ukraine‐to‐Poland migration
Authors: Górny Agata
Published: May 2017

In many of the “newest” immigration countries of Central and Eastern Europe, temporary migration prevails and rates of migrants' settlement are low. This article examines variations in temporary migration patterns and what distinguishes migrants who choose “more permanent” time–space strategies in such temporary migration regimes. Taking Ukrainian migration to Poland as a case study, and applying cluster analysis to survey data from 2010, we propose an empirical typology of migrants based on parameters of their overall mobility history. The majority consists of circular migrants who can be described as either regular or intermittent circulants. Those who represent more permanent mobility patterns can be termed circular transmigrants and long‐term migrants. The latter are more likely than circulants to work outside agriculture, construction, and domestic services—seen as migrant sectors in Poland—and are less involved in family duties in Ukraine. Further, women are more likely than men to be involved in temporary migration for sustained time. The article contributes to the migration literature by proposing a typology of temporary migrants based on detailed parameters of their mobility and by examining how selected characteristics of migrants correlate with their mobility patterns in a temporary migration regime such as posed by Poland.
Thoughtflow: Standards and Tools for Provenance Capture and Workflow Definition to Support Model‐Informed Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Wilkins JJ , Chan PLS , Chard J , Smith G , Smith MK , Beer M , Dunn A , Flandorfer C , Franklin C , Gomeni R , Harnisch L , Kaye R , Moodie S , Sardu ML , Wang E , Watson E , Wolstencroft K , Cheung SYA ,   on behalf of the DDMoRe Consortium
Published: May 2017

Pharmacometric analyses are complex and multifactorial. It is essential to check, track, and document the vast amounts of data and metadata that are generated during these analyses (and the relationships between them) in order to comply with regulations, support quality control, auditing, and reporting. It is, however, challenging, tedious, error‐prone, and time‐consuming, and diverts pharmacometricians from the more useful business of doing science. Automating this process would save time, reduce transcriptional errors, support the retention and transfer of knowledge, encourage good practice, and help ensure that pharmacometric analyses appropriately impact decisions. The ability to document, communicate, and reconstruct a complete pharmacometric analysis using an open standard would have considerable benefits. In this article, the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Drug Disease Model Resources (DDMoRe) consortium proposes a set of standards to facilitate the capture, storage, and reporting of knowledge (including assumptions and decisions) in the context of model‐informed drug discovery and development (MID3), as well as to support reproducibility: “Thoughtflow.” A prototype software implementation is provided.
Optical characterization of Si‐doped metamorphic InGaAs with high indium content
Authors: Chen Xingyou , Gu Yi , Zhang Yonggang , Ma Yingjie , Xi Suping , Du Ben , Di Zengfeng , Ji Wanyan , Shi Yanhui
Published: May 2017

The optical properties of Si‐doped metamorphic InGaAs layers with electron concentration in the range of 3 × 1016 to 6 × 1018 cm−3 are investigated in detail. The 10 K photoluminescence spectrum of lightly doped metamorphic In0.81Ga0.19As showed a narrow sharp peak at 546 meV with a full width at half maximum of 17.1 meV, comparable to that of InP‐lattice‐matched In0.53Ga0.47As, which is an evidence of the good crystalline quality. In the temperature range of 10–300 K, only band‐to‐band transition was observed in both lightly Si‐doped In0.53Ga0.47As and In0.81Ga0.19As, while the band‐to‐band emission was overlapped by multiple transitions in heavily Si‐doped In0.81Ga0.19As. A marked blueshift and significant increase in the linewidth of photoluminescence at high doping level were observed due to the enhanced band filling as well as many body effects in the heavily Si‐doped high indium content material. The alloy disorder, caused by heavy Si doping, seriously degrades the crystalline quality and immensely reduces the possibilities of radiative recombination in In0.81Ga0.19As.
Thermal properties of metal matrix composites with planar distribution of carbon fibres
Authors: Oddone Valerio , Reich Stephanie
Published: May 2017

High thermal conductivity (TC) and a tunable coefficient of thermal expansion are essential properties for heat management materials operating in a wide temperature range. We combine both properties in a composite with a low‐density metal matrix reinforced with pitch‐based carbon fibres. The thermal conductivity of the metal matrix was increased by 50%, the thermal expansion coefficient was reduced by a factor of five. The samples were produced by powder metallurgy and have a planar random distribution of fibres, leading to high performance in two dimensions.

Surface of a metal matrix composite with 50% carbon fibre (CF) strengthening (optical microscope, 20× magnification).
Cranioplasty with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Granules and Supporting Mesh: Six-Year Clinical Follow-Up Results
Authors: Thesleff Tuomo , Lehtimäki Kai , Niskakangas Tero , Huovinen Sanna , Mannerström Bettina , Miettinen Susanna , Seppänen-Kaijansinkko Riitta , Öhman Juha
Published: May 2017

Several alternative techniques exist to reconstruct skull defects. The complication rate of the cranioplasty procedure is high and the search for optimal materials and techniques continues. To report long-term results of patients who have received a cranioplasty using autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) seeded on beta-tricalcium phosphate (betaTCP) granules. Between 10/2008 and 3/2010, five cranioplasties were performed (four females, one male; average age 62.0 years) using ASCs, betaTCP granules and titanium or resorbable meshes. The average defect size was 8.1 × 6.7 cm2. Patients were followed both clinically and radiologically. The initial results were promising, with no serious complications. Nevertheless, in the long-term follow-up, three of the five patients were re-operated due to graft related problems. Two patients showed marked resorption of the graft, which led to revision surgery. One patient developed a late infection (7.3 years post-operative) that required revision surgery and removal of the graft. One patient had a successfully ossified graft, but was re-operated due to recurrence of the meningioma 2.2 years post-operatively. One patient had an uneventful clinical follow-up, and the cosmetic result is satisfactory, even though skull x-rays show hypodensity in the borders of the graft. Albeit no serious adverse events occurred, the 6-year follow-up results of the five cases are unsatisfactory. The clinical results are not superior to results achieved by conventional cranial repair methods. The use of stem cells in combination with betaTCP granules and supporting meshes in cranial defect reconstruction need to be studied further before continuing with clinical trials.
Characterization of the Old Yellow Enzyme Homolog from Bacillus subtilis (YqjM)
Authors: Pesic Milja , Fernández‐Fueyo Elena , Hollmann Frank
Published: May 2017

Old Yellow Enzymes (OYEs) have become practical catalysts for the stereoselective trans‐hydrogenation of conjugated C=C‐double bonds. Despite their importance, in‐depth characterization of their kinetic parameters and factors influencing their activity and stability have largely been neglected in the past years. In this study, we close this gap for one of the most prominent OYEs, i. e. the OYE from Bacillus subtilis (YqjM).
Linked Data Notifications: A Resource-Centric Communication Protocol
Authors: Capadisli Sarven , Guy Amy , Lange Christoph , Auer Sören , Sambra Andrei , Berners-Lee Tim
Published: May 2017

In this article we describe the Linked Data Notifications (LDN) protocol, which is a W3C Candidate Recommendation. Notifications are sent over the Web for a variety of purposes, for example, by social applications. The information contained within a notification is structured arbitrarily, and typically only usable by the application which generated it in the first place. In the spirit of Linked Data, we propose that notifications should be reusable by multiple authorised applications. Through separating the concepts of senders, receivers and consumers of notifications, and leveraging Linked Data principles of shared vocabularies and URIs, LDN provides a building block for decentralised Web applications. This permits end users more freedom to switch between the online tools they use, as well as generating greater value when notifications from different sources can be used in combination. We situate LDN alongside related initiatives, and discuss additional considerations such as security and abuse prevention measures. We evaluate the protocol’s effectiveness by analysing multiple, independent implementations, which pass a suite of formal tests and can be demonstrated interoperating with each other. To experience the described features please open this document in your Web browser under its canonical URI: http://csarven.ca/linked-data-notifications.
An Analysis of Accountability Concepts for Open Development
Authors: Bentley Caitlin
Published: May 2017

Open development is the public, networked sharing of communication and information resources towards a process of positive social transformation. Open development likewise imposes a challenge, because new actors, practices and problems of inequality are introduced. Accountability at its core is meant to redress issues of power and inequality [1], thus offering potential to improve open development processes and initiatives. However, the distinct and innovative characteristics of open processes render some concepts of accountability inadequate. This article compares three purposes and perspectives on accountability for their relevance to open development. The purpose of which is to suggest future areas of research and theoretical development in this field.