bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burnout and Work Engagement in Occupational Therapists
Authors: Poulsen Anne A , Meredith Pamela , Khan Asaduzzaman , Henderson Julie , Castrisos Veronica , Khan Shanchita R
Published: March 2014

Introduction:

Work engagement, characterized by vigour, dedication, and absorption, is often perceived as the opposite of burnout. Occupational therapists with burnout feel exhausted and disengaged from their work. This study aims to investigate demographic and work-related psychosocial factors associated with burnout and work engagement.

Method:

A cross-sectional postal survey of 951 occupational therapists was conducted.

Findings:

Two models representing factors associated with burnout (F(15,871) = 28.01, p < .001) and work engagement (F(10,852) = 16.15, p < .001) accounted for 32.54% and 15.93% of the variance respectively. Burnout and work engagement were inversely associated (χ2(n = 941) = 55.16, p < .001).

Conclusion:

Factors associated with burnout and work engagement were identified. The variables associated with burnout included: low psychological detachment from work during out-of-work hours, low income satisfaction, perceived work overload, difficulty saying ‘no’, < 10 years' experience, low frequency of having a ‘belly laugh’, and not having children. High levels of work engagement were reported by therapists with the following: low psychological detachment from work, high income satisfaction, postgraduate qualifications, > 40 hours work/week, high frequency of having a ‘belly laugh’, and having children. Understanding the factors associated with burnout and work engagement provides prerequisite information to inform strategies aimed at building healthy workforces.
The Model of Human Occupation's Usefulness in Relation to Sustainable Development
Authors: Wagman Petra
Published: March 2014

There is general agreement that global climate changes are one of the greatest threats to humanity. Therefore, occupational therapists should use their knowledge about occupations to contribute to the ecological aspect of sustainable development. Similarly, when working with clients, therapists' occupational perspective can expand to include an ecological dimension. A conceptual framework would be valuable and, while empirical research is required, it would appear that the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) is useful in this context.
Relationship of Body Weight to Maintenance Cyclosporine A Dose in Canine Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Cohen Loren , Zabel Sonja , Rosychuk Rod A.W.
Published: March 2014

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a commonly prescribed and effective therapy for canine atopic dermatitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between patient body weight and CsA dosing. Seventy-seven cases of canine atopic dermatitis managed between 2000 and 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. Duration of CsA therapy was at least 16 wk. Groups analyzed included the study population as a whole, those treated with only CsA, and those treated with both CsA and metoclopramide. The division between small and large dogs was set at 15 kg. Descriptive analysis, two-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlations, and a Student t test were used to analyze data. There were no significant differences between CsA dose and body weight regardless of method of analysis. Concurrent corticosteroid use, other medication use, and pruritus score were also analyzed over the study period. There was a significant decrease in CsA dose, corticosteroid dose, medication score, and pruritus score between the time points for all patients, but no significant relationship between those changes and body weight. These study findings suggest that differential CsA dosing is not warranted based on body weight.
Clinical Outcome for MCTs of Canine Pinnae Treated with Surgical Excision (2004–2008)
Authors: Schwab Timothy M. , Popovitch Catherine , DeBiasio John , Goldschmidt Michael
Published: March 2014

Canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common cutaneous neoplasm in the dog. It has been suggested that MCT in certain locations may behave in a more biologically aggressive fashion than MCTs located in others; however, no published data are available for MCTs of canine pinnae treated with surgical excision. A retrospective study of 28 animals with surgical excision of MCTs of pinnae was completed with a medical record review and follow-up questionnaire to the operating veterinarian. The effect of tumor grade, clean or dirty excision, cartilage penetration, and mitotic index (MI) on local recurrence and survival time (ST) was evaluated. There was local recurrence in one dog with a grade 2 MCT and in seven of eight dogs with grade 3 MCTs. The median ST of animals with grade 1 and 2 MCTs was not reached, whereas the median ST of animals with grade 3 MCTs was 10 mo. There was no statistical association between histologically clean and dirty margins and either local recurrence or ST. A prolonged disease free interval without local recurrence may be achieved with local excision of grade 1 and 2 MCTs. Animals with grade 3 MCTs had a uniformly poor outcome with short times to local recurrence and death.
A Pilot Comparison of Limited Versus Large Fluid Volume Resuscitation in Canine Spontaneous Hemoperitoneum
Authors: Hammond Tara N. , Holm Jennifer L. , Sharp Claire R.
Published: March 2014

Treatment for hemorrhagic shock secondary to a spontaneous hemoperitoneum includes restoration of IV volume and surgical control of hemorrhage. This study was designed to determine if limited fluid volume resuscitation (LFVR) with hypertonic saline (HS) and hyperoncotic fluids (hydroxyethylstarch [HES]) results in more rapid cardiovascular stabilization in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum versus conventional resuscitation (CR) with large volume resuscitation. Eighteen client-owned dogs presenting in hemorrhagic shock with a spontaneous hemoperitoneum were enrolled. Dogs were randomized to be fluid resuscitated with up to 90 mL/kg of an isotonic crystalloid (CR group) or up to 8 mL/kg of 7.2% Na chloride (i.e., HS) combined with up to 10 mL/kg of 6% HES. Measurements of vital signs, lactate, packed cell volume (PCV), total solids (TS), and blood pressure were made at standard time points. The primary end point was time to stabilization of hemodynamic parameters (measured in min). Dogs in the LFVR group achieved hemodynamic stabilization significantly faster (20 min; range, 10–25 min) than those in the CR group (35 min; range, 15–50 min; P = .027). Future studies are warranted to further investigate potential benefits associated with LFVR in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum.
Effects on Consumer Welfare of Visitor Satisfaction with Recreation Information Availability: A Case Study of the Allegheny National Forest
Authors: Cho Seong-Hoon , Bowker J.M. , Roberts Roland K. , Kim Seunggyu , Kim Taeyoung , Lambert Dayton M.
Published: March 2014

This research quantifies changes in consumer welfare due to changes in visitor satisfaction with the availability of information about recreational sites. The authors tested the hypothesis that an improvement in visitor satisfaction with recreation information increases the number of visits to national forests, resulting in increased consumer welfare. They tested the hypothesis with a travel cost model for the Allegheny National Forest using data from the National Visitor Use Monitoring (NVUM) programme. An ex ante simulation suggests that annual per capita consumer welfare increased when highly satisfactory recreation information was available. The findings, along with the expected costs of providing better recreation information, may be a useful reference for recreation site managers who wish to increase the number of visits in an economically effective way.
Het glibberige pad van contracteren in de brandstoffenbranche
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M.
Published: March 2014

In deze Actualia staan twee arresten van de Hoge Raad in de procedure tussen BP en Benschop centraal. Deze arresten gingen over de mededingingsrechtelijke toelaatbaarheid van exclusieve afnameovereenkomsten. De Hoge Raad onderstreept het belang van scherp contracteren en het in acht nemen van onder meer de Groepsvrijstellingsverordening. Daarnaast bevestigt de Hoge Raad dat een mededingingsrechtelijke nietigheid zich niet leent voor conversie en dat de nietigheid algeheel of partieel kan zijn. Dat laatste is een kwestie van uitleg, waarbij ook de inhoud van de overeenkomst een rol zal spelen.
Modeling maximum daily temperature using a varying coefficient regression model
Authors: Li Han , Deng Xinwei , Kim Dong‐Yun , Smith Eric P.
Published: March 2014

Relationships between stream water and air temperatures are often modeled using linear or nonlinear regression methods. Despite a strong relationship between water and air temperatures and a variety of models that are effective for data summarized on a weekly basis, such models did not yield consistently good predictions for summaries such as daily maximum temperature. A good predictive model for daily maximum temperature is required because daily maximum temperature is an important measure for predicting survival of temperature sensitive fish. To appropriately model the strong relationship between water and air temperatures at a daily time step, it is important to incorporate information related to the time of the year into the modeling. In this work, a time‐varying coefficient model is used to study the relationship between air temperature and water temperature. The time‐varying coefficient model enables dynamic modeling of the relationship, and can be used to understand how the air‐water temperature relationship varies over time. The proposed model is applied to 10 streams in Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia using daily maximum temperatures. It provides a better fit and better predictions than those produced by a simple linear regression model or a nonlinear logistic model.
ZnFe2O4‐C/LiFePO4‐CNT: A Novel High‐Power Lithium‐Ion Battery with Excellent Cycling Performance
Authors: Varzi Alberto , Bresser Dominic , von Zamory Jan , Müller Franziska , Passerini Stefano
Published: March 2014

An innovative and environmentally friendly battery chemistry is proposed for high power applications. A carbon‐coated ZnFe2O4 nanoparticle‐based anode and a LiFePO4‐multiwalled carbon nanotube‐based cathode, both aqueous processed with Na‐carboxymethyl cellulose, are combined, for the first time, in a Li‐ion full cell with exceptional electrochemical performance. Such novel battery shows remarkable rate capabilities, delivering 50% of its nominal capacity at currents corresponding to ≈20C (with respect to the limiting cathode). Furthermore, the pre‐lithiation of the negative electrode offers the possibility of tuning the cell potential and, therefore, achieving remarkable gravimetric energy and power density values of 202 Wh kg−1 and 3.72 W kg−1, respectively, in addition to grant a lithium reservoir. The high reversibility of the system enables sustaining more than 10 000 cycles at elevated C‐rates (≈10C with respect to the LiFePO4 cathode), while retaining up to 85% of its initial capacity.
Interfacial polymerization of poly(2,5‐dimethoxyaniline) and its enhanced capacitive performances
Authors: Xiong Shanxin , Shi Yujing , Chen Shi , Li Jie , Wang Xiaoqin , Chu Jia , Gong Ming , Wu Bohua
Published: March 2014

The poly(2,5‐dimethoxyaniline) (PDMA) were synthesized through interfacial polymerization method using three various organic solvent/water reaction systems. As comparison with conventional chemical polymerized PDMA, the interfacial polymerization can produce uniform nanoparticular PDMA, especially for using high density (higher than water) solvent as organic phase. The capacitive performances of interfacial polymerized PDMA can be benefited from its uniform morphologies and loose packing structure. The specific capacitance of interfacial polymerized PDMA using carbon tetrachloride is 194 Fg−1 at current density of 50 mA cm−2, which has 59% enhancement over 122 Fg−1 of conventional PDMA at the same current density. The energy density of interfacial polymerized PDMA is 39 Wh kg−1 at current density of 5 mA cm−2 and the power density is 28,421 W kg−1 at current density of 50 mA cm−2. The energy density has improvement in different extent as comparison with that of conventional PDMA. The enhanced capacitive performances can be attributed to the increased ionic conductivity induced by the loose molecular packing structure and uniform morphology produced by the interfacial polymerization process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40666.
Are there common familial influences for major depressive disorder and an overeating–binge eating dimension in both European American and African American Female twins?
Authors: Munn‐Chernoff Melissa A. , Grant Julia D. , Agrawal Arpana , Koren Rachel , Glowinski Anne L. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Madden Pamela A.F. , Heath Andrew C. , Duncan Alexis E.
Published: March 2014

Objective

Although prior studies have demonstrated that depression is associated with an overeating–binge eating dimension (OE‐BE) phenotypically, little research has investigated whether familial factors contribute to the co‐occurrence of these phenotypes, especially in community samples with multiple racial/ethnic groups. We examined the extent to which familial (i.e., genetic and shared environmental) influences overlapped between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and OE‐BE in a population‐based sample and whether these influences were similar across racial/ethnic groups.

Method

Participants included 3,226 European American (EA) and 550 African American (AA) young adult women from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study. An adaptation of the Semi‐Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) was administered to assess lifetime DSM‐IV MDD and OE‐BE. Quantitative genetic modeling was used to estimate familial influences between both phenotypes; all models controlled for age.

Results

The best‐fitting model, which combined racial/ethnic groups, found that additive genetic influences accounted for 44% (95% CI: 34%, 53%) of the MDD variance and 40% (25%, 54%) for OE‐BE, with the remaining variances due to non‐shared environmental influences. Genetic overlap was substantial (rg = .61 [.39, .85]); non‐shared environmental influences on MDD and OE‐BE overlapped weakly (re = .26 [.09, .42]).

Discussion

Results suggest that common familial influences underlie MDD and OE‐BE, and the magnitude of familial influences contributing to the comorbidity between MDD and OE‐BE is similar between EA and AA women. If racial/ethnic differences truly exist, then larger sample sizes may be needed to fully elucidate familial risk for comorbid MDD and OE‐BE across these groups. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:375–382)
Capillary electrokinetic fractionation mass spectrometry (CEkF/MS): Technology setup and application to metabolite fractionation from complex samples coupled at‐line with ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: He Yu , Harir Mourad , Chen Guonan , Gougeon Regis D. , zhang Lan , Huang Xiayang , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe
Published: March 2014

Capillary electrokinetic fractionation (CEkF) is investigated as a new, simple, and robust approach for semipreparative and analytical sample analysis based on pKa‐dependant pH‐driven electrophoretic mobility. CEkF was optimized with contactless conductivity detection and conducted with 10 kV reverse voltage for 10 min, then coupled on/at‐line to ESI/MS. We propose a semi‐empirical model with 14 representative compounds based on the correlation between sample/medium pH regulating the partial charge, the electrokinetic loading of the capillary and intensity (I) of analytes. According to the model, an empirical function (I = f (pH)) could be derived to calculate the acid dissociation constant (pKa) of various model compounds based on their pH‐dependant MS intensity profiles with the RSD < 4.05. Using the ultrahigh‐resolution of ion cyclotron resonance Fourier transform MS, the pKa model was further illustrated in real samples into the structure prediction of important compounds in wine over two vintages. The established CEkF was successfully used to selectively fractionate sulfur compounds from the complex wine samples at pH 1.66. The proposed CEkF approach should allow in the future the simultaneous pKa evaluation of multiple constituents without complicated separation out of a complex mixture in metabolomics or environmental chemistry.
Mechanical and water absorption properties of municipal solid waste and banana fiber‐reinforced urea formaldehyde composites
Authors: Aseer J. Ronald , Sankaranarayanasamy K. , Jayabalan P. , Natarajan R. , Priya Dasan K.
Published: March 2014

In this study, hybrid composites of municipal solid waste (MSW)/banana fiber reinforced urea formaldehyde were prepared in different filler ratio. Mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strengths were investigated as a function of total volume fraction (Vf) of filler (MSW and banana fiber), relative volume fraction of MSW and banana fiber and its chemical modification. The mechanical properties were found to be high at 40% Vf of filler which indicates effective stress transfer between fiber and matrix. Then, composites with different volume ratios of MSW and banana fiber (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) are prepared by keeping total Vf of filler as 40%. It is observed that addition of banana fiber imparts better mechanical and thermal stability properties to composites. Also, banana fiber addition increased the water absorption properties of composites. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 211–221, 2015
Construction of an Immunochromatographic Determination System for N1,N12‐diacetylspermine
Authors: Moriya Shun‐suke , Hiramatsu Kyoko , Kimura Emi , Matsumoto Kyoichi , Kawakita Masao
Published: March 2014

Background

N1,N12‐diacetylspermine (DiAcSpm) is a recently identified tumor marker. Its concentration increases in the urine of cancer patients at early clinical stages. To utilize this characteristic feature and thus contribute to the early detection of cancer, we developed an immunochromatographic determination system for DiAcSpm.

Methods

We examined the factors that affect the performance and stability of our determination system, including antibody selection and the conditions for the formation of stably dispersed antibody‐coated gold nanoparticles. We then tested the performance of the system by determining the DiAcSpm concentration in human urine samples.

Results

We constructed an immunochromatographic strip using anti‐DiAcSpm antibody‐coated gold nanoparticles in the conjugate pad and an acetylspermine–protein conjugate (a DiAcSpm mimic) immobilized on the analyzing membrane. The use of the immunochromatographic strip and an immunochromato‐reader allowed for the quantitative determination of DiAcSpm in the range of 20 to 700 nM. The analytical values obtained by this method were well correlated with those determined by a colloidal gold aggregation procedure using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The immunochromatographic strip was stable for at least 8 weeks at 50°C.

Conclusions

A competitive immunochromatographic device for DiAcSpm determination was developed in this study. This simple device will contribute to increasing the opportunities for early cancer detection and timely care.
New Proposed Guidelines for Early Identification of Successful Myeloid and Erythroid Engraftment in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Yahng Seung‐Ah , Lee Jae Wook , Kim Yonggoo , Kim Myungshin , Oh Eun‐Jee , Park Yeon‐Joon , Lee Jong Wook , Cho Bin , Han Kyungja
Published: March 2014

Background

After hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), early detection of engraftment would be of critical value for clinicians. The aim of this study was to identify faster parameters for engraftment.

Methods

We evaluated blood cell parameters including complete blood count (CBC), differential counts, and various reticulocyte parameters in 115 patients who received HSCT (allogeneic, n = 93; autologous, n = 22) in the purpose of identifying possible improved laboratory guidelines for engraftment prediction.

Results and Conclusion

Days to white blood cell (WBC) count over 100 cells/μl with more than two‐fold increase from nadir after transplantation (proposed new WBC guideline) preceded absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >500 cells/μl by 1.7 days. Among erythroid parameters, the earliest marker for erythroid engraftment was high light scattering reticulocytes (HLR) >0.1 (proposed new red blood cell guideline), which preceded reticulocyte counts (RET) >1% and immature reticulocyte fraction >0.5 by 3.9 and 1.6 days, respectively. Among the clinical parameters compared, those with statistically significant influence on myeloid engraftment were donor type (P = 0.009) and conditioning intensity (P = 0.009). As for erythroid recovery, ABO incompatibility was the only significant factor. In conclusion, the new guidelines may ensure engraftment several days earlier than the conventional parameters, which may help clinicians for decision‐making on rescue therapy earlier.
Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Transforming Growth Factor β1, and Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients With Psoriasis Vulgaris: Their Correlation to Disease Severity
Authors: Meki Abdel‐Raheim M. A. , Al‐Shobaili Hani
Published: March 2014

Background

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), and nitric oxide (NO) have been reported to be contributory factors to the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between the levels of VEGF, TGF‐β1, and NO and psoriasis severity (as expressed by psoriasis area severity index, PASI).

Methods

Fifty‐eight patients with psoriasis vulgaris and twenty‐two controls were included in the study. The serum levels of VEGF and TGF‐β1 were estimated by ELISA technique. The serum levels of NO were determined by colorimetric method.

Results

The serum levels of VEGF, TGF‐β1, and NO were significantly higher in patients than controls. Moreover, the serum levels of the studied biochemical variables in patients with severe disease activity were significantly higher than mild cases. The duration of disease showed significant positive correlations with each VEGF (r = 0.35, P < 0.01) and TGF‐β1 (r = 0.41, P < 0.05). In addition, the PASI score was significantly positively correlated with VEGF (r = 0.65, P < 0.001), TGF‐β1 (r = 0.31, P < 0.05), and NO (r = 0.51, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

These findings suggest an association between psoriasis disease severity and serum levels of VEGF, TGF‐β1, and NO, which can be recognized as markers of the psoriasis severity. The modulation of their production may represent a therapeutic potential strategy for psoriasis.
Using standardized videos to validate a measure of handoff quality: The handoff mini‐clinical examination exercise
Authors: Arora Vineet M. , Berhie Saba , Horwitz Leora I. , Saathoff Mark , Staisiunas Paul , Farnan Jeanne M.
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND

The most recent iteration of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education duty‐hour regulations includes language mandating handoff education for trainees and assessments of handoff quality by residency training programs. However, there is a lack of validated tools for the assessment of handoff quality and for use in trainee education.

METHODS

Faculty at 2 sites (University of Chicago and Yale University) were recruited to participate in a workshop on handoff education. Video‐based scenarios were developed to represent varying levels of performance in the domains of communication, professionalism, and setting. Videos were shown in a random order, and faculty were instructed to use the Handoff Mini‐Clinical Examination Exercise (CEX), a paper‐based instrument with qualitative anchors defining each level of performance, to rate the handoffs.

RESULTS

Forty‐seven faculty members (14 at site 1; 33 at site 2) participated in the validation workshops, providing a total of 172 observations (of a possible 191 [96%]). Reliability testing revealed a Cronbach α of 0.81 and Kendall coefficient of concordance of 0.59 (>0.6 = high reliability). Faculty were able to reliably distinguish the different levels of performance in each domain in a statistically significant fashion (ie, unsatisfactory professionalism mean 2.42 vs satisfactory professionalism 4.81 vs superior professionalism 6.01, P < 0.001 trend test). Two‐way analysis of variance revealed no evidence of rater bias.

CONCLUSIONS

Using standardized video‐based scenarios highlighting differing levels of performance, we were able to demonstrate evidence that the Handoff Mini‐CEX can draw reliable and valid conclusions regarding handoff performance. Future work to validate the tool in clinical settings is warranted. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:441–446. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
The impact of left ventricular hypertrophy on survival in candidates for liver transplantation
Authors: Batra Sachin , Machicao Victor I. , Bynon John S. , Mehta Shivang , Tanikella Rajasekhar , Krowka Michael J. , Zacks Steven , Trotter James , Roberts Kari E. , Brown Robert S. , Kawut Steven M. , Fallon Michael B.
Published: March 2014

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) occurs in 12% to 30% of patients with cirrhosis; however, its prognostic significance is not well studied. We assessed the association of LVH with survival in patients undergoing a liver transplantation (LT) evaluation. We performed a multicenter cohort study of patients undergoing an evaluation for LT. LVH was defined with transthoracic echocardiography. The outcome of interest was all-cause mortality. LVH was present in 138 of 485 patients (28%). Patients with LVH were older, more likely to be male and African American, and were more likely to have hypertension. Three hundred forty-five patients did not undergo transplantation (212 declined, and 133 were waiting): 36 of 110 patients with LVH (33%) died, whereas 57 of 235 patients without LVH (24%) died (P = 0.23). After LT, 8 of 28 patients with LVH (29%) died over the course of 3 years, whereas 9 of 112 patients without LVH (8%) died (P = 0.007). This finding was independent of conventional risk factors for LVH, and all deaths for patients with LVH occurred within 9 months of LT. No clinical or demographic characteristics were associated with mortality among LVH patients. In conclusion, the presence of LVH is associated with an early increase in mortality after LT, and this is independent of conventional risk factors for LVH. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify factors associated with mortality after transplantation to improve outcomes. Liver Transpl 20:705-712, 2014. © 2014 AASLD.
Transcriptional regulators TRIM28, SETDB1, and TP53 are aberrantly expressed in porcine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization in comparison to in vivo‐ and somatic‐cell nuclear transfer‐derived embryos
Authors: Hamm Jennifer , Tessanne Kim , Murphy Clifton N. , Prather Randall S.
Published: March 2014

In vitro embryo production is important for research in animal reproduction, embryo transfer, transgenics, and cloning. Yet, in vitro‐fertilized (IVF) embryos are generally developmentally delayed and are inferior to in vivo‐derived (IVV) embryos; this discrepancy is likely a result of aberrant gene expression. Transcription of three genes implicated to be important in normal preimplantation embryo development, TRIM28, SETDB1, and TP53, was determined by quanitative PCR in IVF, somatic‐cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), parthenogenetic, and IVV porcine oocytes and embryos. There was no difference in TRIM28 or SETDB1 abundance between oocytes matured in vitro versus in vivo (P > 0.05), whereas TP53 levels were higher in in vitro‐matured oocytes. TRIM28 increased from metaphase‐II oocytes to the 4‐cell and blastocyst stages in IVF embryos, whereas IVV embryos showed a reduction in TRIM28 abundance from maturation throughout development. The relative abundance of TP53 increased by the blastocyst stage in all treatment groups, but was higher in IVF embryos compared to IVV and SCNT embryos. In contrast, SETDB1 transcript levels decreased from the 2‐cell to blastocyst stage in all treatments. For each gene analyzed, SCNT embryos of both hard‐to‐clone and easy‐to‐clone cell lines were more comparable to IVV than IVF embryos. Knockdown of TRIM28 also had no effect on blastocyst development or expression of SETDB1 or TP53. Thus, TRIM28, SETDB1, and TP53 are dynamically expressed in porcine oocytes and embryos. Furthermore, TRIM28 and TP53 abundances in IVV and SCNT embryos are similar, but different from quantities in IVF embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 552–556, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strong sp–d exchange coupling in ZnMnTe/ZnMgTe core/shell nanowires
Authors: Wojnar Piotr , Janik Elzbieta , Suffczyński Jan , Papierska Joanna , Szymura Małgorzata , Zaleszczyk Wojciech , Kret Sławomir , Kłopotowski Łukasz , Wojciechowski Tomasz , Baczewski Lech T. , Wiater Maciej , Karczewski Grzegorz , Wojtowicz Tomasz , Kossut Jacek
Published: March 2014

In this work, our recent progress in the growth and optical studies of telluride nanowire heterostructures containing a small molar fraction of magnetic Mn‐ions of only a few percent is overviewed. ZnMnTe/ZnMgTe core/shell nanowires (NWs) are grown by molecular beam epitaxy by employing the vapor‐liquid‐solid growth mechanism assisted with gold catalyst. The structures are studied by means of photoluminescence and microphotoluminescence in an external magnetic field. In the first step, however, an activation of the near band edge emission from ZnTe and ZnMnTe nanowires is described, which is achieved by coating the nanowires with shells made of ZnMgTe. The role of these shells is to passivate Zn(Mn)Te surface states. The incorporation of Mn ions into the crystalline lattice of ZnMnTe nanowires is manifested as a considerable blue shift of near band edge emission with increasing Mn concentration inside the nanowire cores, which reflects directly the increase of their energy gap. In an external magnetic field the near band edge emission exhibits a giant spectral redshift accompanied by an increase of the circular polarization of the emitted light. Both effect are fingerprints of giant Zeeman splitting of the band edges due to sp‐d exchange interaction between the band carriers and magnetic Mn‐ions. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vapor‐phase epitaxial growth of thick single crystal CdTe on Si substrate for X‐ray, gamma ray spectroscopic detector development
Authors: Niraula Madan , Yasuda Kazuhito , Yamashita Hayate , Wajima Yuto , Tsukamoto Yudai , Matsumoto Masahiko , Suzuki Yuta , Takai Noriaki , Tsukamoto Yuki , Agata Yasunori
Published: March 2014

We investigated MOVPE growth conditions to grow large‐area and thick single crystal CdTe layers with uniform material properties directly on (211) Si substrates to develop nuclear radiation detectors. We found that group VI/II precursor flow‐ratio as well as rapid thermal annealing performed by interrupting the growth at the initial stage has marked influence on the crystal quality. By using a VI/II precursor ratio of 3.0, and a 900 °C anneal performed in flowing hydrogen, we were able to achieve 1‐sq inch sized thick single crystal CdTe that showed uniform material properties and high crystal quality throughout the wafer. We further demonstrated that the grown crystals were suitable for fabricating nuclear radiation detector. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐exponential return time distributions for vorticity extremes explained by fractional Poisson processes
Authors: Blender R. , Raible C. C. , Lunkeit F.
Published: March 2014

Serial correlation of extreme midlatitude cyclones observed at the storm track exits is explained by deviations from a Poisson process. To model these deviations, we apply fractional Poisson processes (FPPs) to extreme midlatitude cyclones, which are defined by the 850 hPa relative vorticity of the ERA interim reanalysis during boreal winter (DJF) and summer (JJA) seasons. Extremes are defined by a 99% quantile threshold in the grid‐point time series. In general, FPPs are based on long‐term memory and lead to non‐exponential return time distributions. The return times are described by a Weibull distribution to approximate the Mittag–Leffler function in the FPPs. The Weibull shape parameter yields a dispersion parameter that agrees with results found for midlatitude cyclones. The memory of the FPP, which is determined by detrended fluctuation analysis, provides an independent estimate for the shape parameter. Thus, the analysis exhibits a concise framework of the deviation from Poisson statistics (by a dispersion parameter), non‐exponential return times and memory (correlation) on the basis of a single parameter. The results have potential implications for the predictability of extreme cyclones.
Youth Education for Social Responsibility
Authors: Dyck Robert
Published: March 2014

Social responsibility requires youth education that promotes it. This article addresses the problem of irresponsible, unjust social behavior from the perspective of its origins in the prevailing Prussian model of public education. It proposes an alternative partnership model that teaches collaborative, socially responsible behavior. We define socially responsible behavior in terms of five central issues of social justice. We also assert, with others, that transformative remedies must arise from collaboration between the victims of injustice and those who have the means to alter the educational models. We adduce several key insights from anthropology and the philosophy of value and meaning to support this objective. We conclude with several ideas concerning educational experiments that could help in the transformation of youth education models, including Venezuela's El Sistema, which uses orchestral music to teach collaborative life skills. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial normalization of ultrahigh resolution 7 T magnetic resonance imaging data of the postmortem human subthalamic nucleus: a multistage approach
Authors: Weiss Marcel , Alkemade Anneke , Keuken Max C. , Műller-Axt Christa , Geyer Stefan , Turner Robert , Forstmann Birte U.
Published: March 2014

In this paper, we describe a novel processing strategy for the spatial normalization of ultrahigh resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of small ex vivo samples into MNI standard space. We present a multistage scanning and registration method for data of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) obtained using ultrahigh 7 T MRI on four human postmortem brain samples. Four whole brains were obtained and subjected to multistage MRI scanning, corresponding to four different brain dissection stages. Data sets were acquired with an isotropic resolution of 100 μm enabling accurate manual segmentation of the STN. Spatial normalization to MNI reference space was performed, probability maps were calculated, and results were cross-checked with an independent in vivo dataset showing significant overlay. Normalization of results obtained from small tissue samples into MNI standard space will facilitate comparison between individual subjects, as well as between studies. When combining ultrahigh resolution MRI of ex vivo samples with histological studies via blockface imaging, our method enables further insight and inference as multimodal data can be compared within the same reference space. This novel technique may be of value for research purposes using functional MRI techniques, and in the future may be of assistance for anatomical orientation in clinical practice.
Overexpression of Aspergillus tubingensis faeA in protease-deficient Aspergillus niger enables ferulic acid production from plant material
Authors: Zwane Eunice N , Rose Shaunita H , van Zyl Willem H , Rumbold Karl , Viljoen-Bloom Marinda
Published: March 2014

The production of ferulic acid esterase involved in the release of ferulic acid side groups from xylan was investigated in strains of Aspergillus tubingensis, Aspergillus carneus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae. The highest activity on triticale bran as sole carbon source was observed with the A. tubingensis T8.4 strain, which produced a type A ferulic acid esterase active against methyl p-coumarate, methyl ferulate and methyl sinapate. The activity of the A. tubingensis ferulic acid esterase (AtFAEA) was inhibited twofold by glucose and induced twofold in the presence of maize bran. An initial accumulation of endoglucanase was followed by the production of endoxylanase, suggesting a combined action with ferulic acid esterase on maize bran. A genomic copy of the A. tubingensis faeA gene was cloned and expressed in A. niger D15#26 under the control of the A. niger gpd promoter. The recombinant strain has reduced protease activity and does not acidify the media, therefore promoting high-level expression of recombinant enzymes. It produced 13.5 U/ml FAEA after 5 days on autoclaved maize bran as sole carbon source, which was threefold higher than for the A. tubingensis donor strain. The recombinant AtFAEA was able to extract 50 % of the available ferulic acid from non-pretreated maize bran, making this enzyme suitable for the biological production of ferulic acid from lignocellulosic plant material.
Key amino acid residues for the endo‐processive activity of GH74 xyloglucanase
Authors: Matsuzawa Tomohiko , Saito Yuji , Yaoi Katsuro
Published: March 2014

Unlike endo‐dissociative‐xyloglucanases, Paenibacillus XEG74 is an endo‐processive xyloglucanase that contains four unique tryptophan residues in the negative subsites (W61 and W64) and the positive subsites (W318 and W319), as indicated by three‐dimensional homology modelling. Selective replacement of the positive subsite residues with alanine mutations reduced the degree of processive activity and resulted in the more endo‐dissociative‐activity. The results showed that W318 and W319, which are found in the positive subsites, are essential for processive degradation and are responsible for maintaining binding interactions with xyloglucan polysaccharide through a stacking effect.
The role of autophagy in the intracellular survival of Campylobacter concisus
Authors: Burgos-Portugal Jose A. , Mitchell Hazel M. , Castaño-Rodríguez Natalia , Kaakoush Nadeem O.
Published: March 2014

Campylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen that has been associated with gastrointestinal diseases. Given the importance of autophagy for the elimination of intracellular bacteria and the subversion of this process by pathogenic bacteria, we investigated the role of autophagy in C. concisus intracellular survival. Gentamicin protection assays were employed to assess intracellular levels of C. concisus within Caco‐2 cells, following autophagy induction and inhibition. To assess the interaction between C. concisus and autophagosomes, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed. Expression levels of 84 genes involved in the autophagy process were measured using qPCR. Autophagy inhibition resulted in two‐ to four‐fold increases in intracellular levels of C. concisus within Caco‐2 cells, while autophagy induction resulted in a significant reduction in intracellular levels or bacterial clearance. C. concisus strains with low intracellular survival levels showed a dramatic increase in these levels upon autophagy inhibition. Confocal microscopy showed co‐localization of the bacterium with autophagosomes, while transmission electron microscopy identified intracellular bacteria persisting within autophagic vesicles. Further, qPCR showed that following infection, 13 genes involved in the autophagy process were significantly regulated, and a further five showed borderline results, with an overall indication towards a dampening effect exerted by the bacterium on this process. Our data collectively indicates that while autophagy is important for the clearance of C. concisus, some strains may manipulate this process to benefit their intracellular survival.
The effects of goal progress cues: An implicit theory perspective
Authors: Mathur Pragya , Block Lauren , Yucel‐Aybat Ozge
Published: March 2014

Consumers often encounter goods and services that provide cues to mark their progress. We define the term “goal progress cues” to reflect the diverse category of cues that highlight progress towards a goal. Across a series of three studies, we show that entity theorists, who rely on cues that highlight completion in order to signal their abilities to others, evaluate tasks that include these cues more favorably than those that lack these features. In contrast, incremental theorists, who focus on improving competence, are impacted only by progress cues that highlight learning. We demonstrate these findings across a variety of goal pursuit contexts that represent a mix of customer‐centric (retail queues), service‐oriented managerial (sales calls), and personal achievement consumer product (mazes) domains using both behavioral and self‐reported measures. We conclude with a discussion about the theoretical and substantive implications of our findings.
Mass spectrometry based biomarker discovery, verification, and validation — Quality assurance and control of protein biomarker assays
Authors: Parker Carol E. , Borchers Christoph H.
Published: March 2014

In its early years, mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics focused on the cataloging of proteins found in different species or different tissues. By 2005, proteomics was being used for protein quantitation, typically based on “proteotypic” peptides which act as surrogates for the parent proteins. Biomarker discovery is usually done by non‐targeted “shotgun” proteomics, using relative quantitation methods to determine protein expression changes that correlate with disease (output given as “up‐or‐down regulation” or “fold‐increases”). MS‐based techniques can also perform “absolute” quantitation which is required for clinical applications (output given as protein concentrations). Here we describe the differences between these methods, factors that affect the precision and accuracy of the results, and some examples of recent studies using MS‐based proteomics to verify cancer‐related biomarkers.
Fluid injection into a confined porous layer
Authors: Pegler Samuel S. , Huppert Herbert E. , Neufeld Jerome A.
Published: March 2014

We present a theoretical and experimental study of viscous flows injected into a porous medium that is confined vertically by horizontal impermeable boundaries and filled with an ambient fluid of different density and viscosity. General three-dimensional equations describing such flows are developed, showing that the dynamics can be affected by two separate contributions: spreading due to gradients in hydrostatic pressure, and that due to the pressure drop introduced by the injection. In the illustrative case of a two-dimensional injection of fluid at a constant volumetric rate, the injected fluid initially forms a viscous gravity current insensitive both to the depth of the medium and to the viscosity of the ambient fluid. Beyond a characteristic time scale, the dynamics transition to being dominated by the injection pressure, and the injected fluid eventually intersects the second boundary to form a second moving contact line. Three different late-time asymptotic regimes can emerge, depending on whether the viscosity of the injected fluid is less than, equal to or greater than that of the ambient fluid. With a less viscous injection, the flow undergoes a slow decay towards a similarity solution in which the two contact lines extend linearly in time with differing prefactors. Perturbations from this long-term state are shown to decay algebraically with time. Equal viscosities result in both contact lines approaching the same leading-order asymptotic position but with a first-order correction to the distance between them that expands as $t^{1/2}$ due to gravitational spreading. For a more viscous injection, the distance between the contact lines approaches a constant value, with perturbations decaying exponentially. Data from a new series of laboratory experiments confirm these theoretical predictions.
Was wissen wir über guten Unterricht?
Authors: Helmke Andreas
Published: March 2014

Was macht den guten Lehrer, was erfolgreichen Unterricht aus? Wie oft ist diese Frage in der Vergangenheit bereits gestellt und diskutiert worden – insbesondere aus dem Blickwinkel der Allgemeinen Pädagogik und der Schulpädagogik. Seit langem bildet sie einen zentralen Gegenstand der empirischen Unterrichtsforschung und der Lehr-Lern-Forschung.
Was ist guter Unterricht?
Authors: Meyer Hilbert
Published: March 2014

Wer wünscht sich das nicht, guten Unterricht zu machen. Gerade bei Anfängern und Anfängerinnen existiert häufig Unsicherheit darüber, was einen guten Unterricht ausmacht. Der Wunsch nach einer abgesicherten Liste oder Katalog, wie denn dann erfolgreicher bzw. guter Unterricht aussieht, ist nachvollziehbar. Der folgende Beitrag entwickelt nicht nur solche Merkmale, sondern beschreibt auch Indikatoren, die für einen guten Unterricht sprechen. Darüber hinaus finden sich konkrete Hinweise für die methodische Umsetzung.
Zukunftswerkstatt „Pflege bildet sich“
Authors: Staudinger Claudia , Ibler Kerstin
Published: March 2014

Schülerinnen einer Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegeschule machen sich zum Thema „Pflegeausbildung in Theorie und Praxis“ Gedanken. Wo liegen aktuell die Probleme? Was wäre aus Schülersicht zu ändern? Wie würde eine „traumhafte“ Pflegebildung aussehen? Und unter welchen Umständen wäre dies realisierbar?
Synchronous precessional motion of multiple domain walls in a ferromagnetic nanowire by perpendicular field pulses
Authors: Kim June-Seo , Mawass Mohamad-Assaad , Bisig André , Krüger Benjamin , Reeve Robert M. , Schulz Tomek , Büttner Felix , Yoon Jungbum , You Chun-Yeol , Weigand Markus , Stoll Hermann , Schütz Gisela , Swagten Henk J. M. , Koopmans Bert , Eisebitt Stefan , Kläui Mathias
Published: March 2014

Magnetic storage and logic devices based on magnetic domain wall motion rely on the precise and synchronous displacement of multiple domain walls. The conventional approach using magnetic fields does not allow for the synchronous motion of multiple domains. As an alternative method, synchronous current-induced domain wall motion was studied, but the required high-current densities prevent widespread use in devices. Here we demonstrate a radically different approach: we use out-of-plane magnetic field pulses to move in-plane domains, thus combining field-induced magnetization dynamics with the ability to move neighbouring domain walls in the same direction. Micromagnetic simulations suggest that synchronous permanent displacement of multiple magnetic walls can be achieved by using transverse domain walls with identical chirality combined with regular pinning sites and an asymmetric pulse. By performing scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, we are able to experimentally demonstrate in-plane magnetized domain wall motion due to out-of-plane magnetic field pulses.
A dark-field light scattering platform for real-time monitoring of the erosion of microparticles by Co2+
Authors: Yang Hui , Liu Yue , Gao Peng Fei , Wang Jian , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: March 2014

Poly(p-phenylenediamine) (PpPD) microparticles were prepared by the reported methods with slight modification, and then used for the real-time monitoring the erosion reaction between PpPD microparticles and Co2+ with a dark-field microscopy imaging (iDFM) technique.
A simple and efficient approach to realize difunctionalization of arylketones with malonate esters via electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Gao Huihui , Zha Zhenggen , Zhang Zhenlei , Ma Huanyue , Wang Zhiyong
Published: March 2014

A facile difunctionalization of arylketones with malonate esters via electrochemical oxidation was achieved under mild conditions.
Soft-oxometalates beyond crystalline polyoxometalates: formation, structure and properties
Authors: Roy Soumyajit
Published: March 2014

Soft-oxometalates or soft states of oxometalates are discussed from the stand-points of their syntheses, structure, stabilization mechanism, reasons for formation and their interactions with sound and light leading to controlled motion and patterning.