bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recursive dynamic regression‐based two‐stage compensation algorithm for dynamic economic dispatch considering high‐dimensional correlation of multi‐wind farms
Authors: Xie Min , Ke Shaojia , Xiong Jing , Cheng Peijun , Liu Mingbo
Published: November 2018

Large‐scale wind farms connected to the power grid have brought great challenges to power‐system dispatch. In this study, an improved two‐stage compensation stochastic optimisation algorithm based on recursive dynamic regression is proposed to solve the day‐ahead dynamic economic‐dispatching problem considering the high‐dimensional correlation of multiple wind farms. First, a copula function is used to describe the correlation of high‐dimensional wind farms. Second, a two‐stage compensation stochastic‐optimisation algorithm is proposed to convert the dynamic economic‐dispatching model to a two‐stage model with mutual iteration by decoupling the conventional and stochastic variables. In this decoupled model, the calculation of the expected compensation cost is critical and usually limited by the dimension of the correlated wind farms, which leads to inefficient convergence and long computation times. To solve those problems, a recursive dynamic multivariable linear regression method based on global least squares is proposed to improve the two‐stage stochastic optimisation algorithm. This improved two‐stage compensation algorithm overcomes the dimensional disaster of traditional stochastic optimisation methods and can solve the dynamic economic dispatching problem considering the high‐dimensional correlation of multiple wind farms. Finally, the practicability and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are verified by the examples of an IEEE118 system and an actual provincial system.
Diversity of supernovae and impostors shortly after explosion
Authors: Boian I. , Groh J. H.
Published: November 2018

Observational surveys are now able to detect an increasing number of transients, such as core-collapse supernovae (SN) and powerful non-terminal outbursts (SN impostors). Dedicated spectroscopic facilities can follow up these events shortly after detection. Here we investigate the properties of these explosions at early times. We use the radiative transfer code CMFGEN to build an extensive library of spectra simulating the interaction of supernovae and their progenitor’s wind or circumstellar medium (CSM). We have considered a range of progenitor mass-loss rates (Ṁ = 5 × 10−4−10−2 M⊙ yr−1), abundances (solar, CNO-processed, and He-rich), and SN luminosities (L = 1.9 × 108 − 2.5 × 1010 L⊙). The models simulate events approximately one day after explosion, and we assume a fixed location of the shock front as Rin = 8.6 × 1013 cm. We show that the large range of massive star properties at the pre-SN stage causes a diversity of early-time interacting SN and impostors. We identify three main classes of early-time spectra consisting of relatively high-ionisation (e.g. He II and O VI), medium-ionisation (e.g. C III and N III), and low-ionisation lines (e.g. He I and Fe II/III). They are regulated by L and the CSM density. Given a progenitor wind velocity υ∞, our models also place a lower limit of Ṁ ≳ 5 × 10−4 (υ∞/150 km s−1) M⊙ yr−1 for detection of CSM interaction signatures in observed spectra. Early-time SN spectra should provide clear constraints on progenitors by measuring H, He, and CNO abundances if the progenitors come from single stars. The connections are less clear considering the effects of binary evolution. Nevertheless, our models provide a clear path for linking the final stages of massive stars to their post-explosion spectra at early times, and guiding future observational follow-up of transients with facilities such as the Zwicky Transient Facility.
E-Mental Health: Trends, Chancen und Risiken in der
Versorgung
Authors: Zipfel Stephan , Junne Florian , Ringwald Johanna , Giel Katrin
Published: November 2018

Die Digitalisierung erfasst auch den Gesundheitsbereich und insbesondere die
Psychotherapie. Digitale eHealth-Applikationen im Bereich der Psychiatrie,
Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie entwickeln sich rasant. Neben
Qualitätssicherung, Datenschutz und Persönlichkeitsrechten sollten Veränderungen
in der Beziehungsgestaltung durch diese Medien kritisch reflektiert werden.
Blended Psychotherapy – verzahnte Psychotherapie: Das Beste
aus zwei Welten?
Authors: Baumeister Harald , Grässle Cora , Ebert David D. , Krämer Lena V.
Published: November 2018

Psychotherapie und Digitalisierung – zwei scheinbar unvereinbare Begriffe, die
jedoch zunehmend in einem Atemzug verwendet werden. Von der „One size fits
all“-Prophezeiung bis zum Untergang der Versorgung psychisch erkrankter Menschen
findet eine teils hoch emotionale und oftmals wenig wissenschaftlich fundierte
Diskussion statt. Verzahnte Psychotherapie kann ein Ansatz sein, der beide
Welten verbindet.
Wo die Seele aufblüht
Authors: Kemmel Markus
Published: November 2018

Im Interview erzählt der 57-jährige Michael Schmitz, der seit 2002 in einer
Außenwohngruppe lebt, wie er durch diese Wohnform mehr Lebensqualität gewonnen
hat und bei seiner Arbeit als Gärtner Kraft tankt.
Strategisches Bildungsmanagement
Authors: Weißkerber Maria , Kolbe Harald
Published: November 2018

Die Arbeit mit psychisch kranken Rechtsbrechern ist häufig herausfordernd. Um für
die stetig wachsenden Anforderungen gewappnet zu sein, benötigen die Mitarbeiter
im Maßregelvollzug Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen, in denen ihre Handlungskompetenzen
erweitert werden. Wie diese Bildungsangebote aussehen können, stellen wir am
Beispiel der LWL-Akademie für Forensische Psychiatrie vor.
Dance Functional Outcome Survey: Development and Preliminary Analyses
Authors: Bronner Shaw , Urbano Igor
Published: November 2018

The Dance Functional Outcome Survey (DFOS) was developed as a self-report questionnaire for healthy and injured ballet and modern dancers, focusing on the low back and lower extremities. Our aim was to determine factor analysis and internal consistency of the 16 items and to investigate test-retest and equivalence reliability and validity of the DFOS compared to three orthopedic outcomes instruments. Data were collected from 80 healthy and injured adult ballet and modern pre-professional and professional dancers. DFOS Likert-type and visual analog scales were completed twice within 4–9 days to study test-retest reliability. The Cincinnati Knee Rating System, Olerud and Molander Foot-Ankle Questionnaire, and Oswestry Disability Index were used to assess concurrent validity using intraclass correlation coefficients in SPSS, p<0.05. To determine instrument dimensions and internal consistency of the items, we conducted exploratory factor analysis and calculated Cronbach’s α in JASP. DFOS demonstrated single factor loading and high Cronbach’s α; high test-retest repeatability and equivalence reliability (r=0.74–0.99) and acceptable criterion validity compared to the orthopedic outcomes instruments (r≥0.67). These results support further study of a revised 14 item Likert-version DFOS for repeatability, validity and responsiveness.
Free IGF-1, Intact IGFBP-4, and PicoPAPP-A are Altered in Acute Myocardial Infarction Compared to Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Healthy Controls
Authors: Anastasilakis Athanasios , Koulaxis Dimitrios , Upadhyay Jagriti , Pagkalidou Eirini , Kefala Nikoleta , Perakakis Nikolaos , Polyzos Stergios , Economou Fotios , Mantzoros Christos
Published: November 2018

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its binding proteins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated components of the IGF-1 system in circulation at the time of acute MI and following reperfusion in relation to levels of stable CAD patients and controls. Patients with MI (MI Group, n=31) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were compared to patients with stable CAD subjected to scheduled PCI (CAD Group, n=40) and controls with symptoms mimicking CAD without stenosis in angiography (Control Group, n=43). The number and extent of stenosis were recorded. Total and free IGF-1, total and intact IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and -4, pico-Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A (PAPP-A), and the known markers ALT, AST, CK and CK-MB were measured at baseline and 6 or 24 h after the intervention. Patients with MI had higher free IGF-1 (p=0.003) and PAPP-A (p=0.011), but lower intact IGFBP-4 (p=0.006) compared with patients with stable CAD or healthy controls. None of the investigated molecules changed following reperfusion or correlated with the extent of stenosis. AST (p<0.001), CK (p<0.001) and CK-MB (p<0.001), were also higher. Free IGF-1, intact IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A could predict MI, but with lower accuracy than CK-MB. In conclusion, free IGF-1 levels are higher in MI compared to CAD patients and controls and this could result from increased cleavage of its binding protein IGFBP-4 by the higher PAPP-A levels. Free IGF-1, intact IGFBP-4, and/or PAPP-A are inferior to CK-MB as predictors or markers of myocardial damage.
Metal- and Solvent-free Synthesis of Functionalized Dihydrooxa­zolo[3,2-a]indoles by One-Pot Tandem Assembly of 3H-Indoles and Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Trofimov Boris , Oparina Ludmila , Kolyvanov Nikita , Ushakov Igor , Mal’kina Anastasiya , Vashchenko Alexander
Published: November 2018

The reaction of 3H-indoles with tertiary propargylic alcohols to give functionalized dihydrooxazolo[3,2-a]indoles in good to excellent yields has been developed. This metal- and solvent-free, one-pot tandem assembly proceeds under mild conditions (22–60 °C) and is regio- and stereoselective: either the Z- or E-isomers (relative to the double bond) are alternatively formed depending on other functionalized substituents on the propargylic alcohols.
Methotrexate Therapy for Ectopic Pregnancies: A Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: Ozyuncu Ozgur , Tanacan Atakan , Duru Sinem Ayse , Beksac Mehmet Sinan
Published: November 2018

Objective Our aim is to demonstrate the importance of methotrexate (MTX) therapy for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy (EP).

Methods This retrospective study consisted of 99 patients (72 tubal EPs, 20 pregnancies of unknown location (PUL), 4 cesarean section (CS) scar EPs and 3 cervical EPs) treated with MTX.

Results Methotrexate therapy was successful in 68.5% of EPs. There were statistically significant differences between the MTX success and failure groups based on ultrasonographic findings, patient complaints, gestational week and serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) values. The MTX success rates in PUL and tubal pregnancies were 95% and 61.1%, respectively. The MTX success rates in single-dose, two-dose and multi-dose protocol groups were 86.9%, 28.6% and 40%, respectively. All cervical and CS scar ectopic pregnancies were treated successfully with MTX therapy.

Conclusion Methotrexate might be the first-line treatment option for EPs under certain conditions. Physicians must be more cautious in cases with higher hCG values, the presence of abdominal-pelvic pain, the presence of fetal cardiac activity, larger gestational sac (GS) diameters, and more advanced gestational weeks according to the last menstrual period.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes after Attempted External Cephalic Version among Women with One Previous Cesarean Delivery
Authors: McLaren Rodney , Atallah Fouad , Fisher Nelli , Minkoff Howard
Published: November 2018

Objective This study was aimed to evaluate success rates of (1) external cephalic version (ECV) among women with one prior cesarean delivery (CD) and (2) maternal and neonatal outcomes after ECV among women with prior CD.

Study Design Two linked studies using U.S. Natality Database were performed. First we performed a retrospective cohort comparing ECV success rates of women with prior CD and women without prior CD. Then we compared the outcomes of TOLACs (trial of labor after cesarean delivery) that occurred after ECV with those that occurred without ECV. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adverse outcomes.

Results A total of 715 women had ECV after 36 weeks with prior CD and 9,976 had ECV without prior scar. ECV success rate with scar was 80.6% and without scar was 86.4% (p < 0.001). Seven hundred and sixteen women underwent TOLAC after ECV attempt and 234,617 underwent TOLAC without a preceding attempt. Women with preceding version had increased risks of maternal transfusion (1 vs. 0.4%, adjusted OR [odds ratio]: 2.48 [95% CI (confidence interval): 1.17–5.23]), unplanned hysterectomy (0.4 vs. 0.06%, adjusted OR: 6.90 [95% CI: 2.19–21.78]), and low 5-minute Apgar's score (2.5 vs. 1.5%, adjusted OR: 1.76 [95% CI: 1.10–2.82]).

Conclusion Women with prior CD may have a decrease in the rate of successful ECV. While the absolute risks are low, ECV appears to increase risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes among women undergoing a trial of labor.
Research on a kind of self-compensation variable-clearance sealing hydraulic cylinder with a thin shell structure
Authors: Li Yuanhui , Chen Kuisheng , Zhan Congchang , Fu Liandong
Published: November 2018

Hydraulic cylinder is the most typical hydraulic actuator. The traditional sealing ring used in hydraulic cylinder produces the friction which greatly affects the high speed performance of the hydraulic cylinder. Researchers tried to improve the situation by improving sealing material and structure. But the problem between friction and leakage is not solved radically. Then a kind of high speed hydraulic cylinder with low friction was developed. The constant clearance seal technology was employed in this hydraulic cylinder. This hydraulic cylinder with constant clearance seal has the characteristics of low friction and fast speed. However, the internal leakage always exists, and the hydraulic cylinder volume efficiency is obviously decreased with the working pressure increasing. There is a contradiction between the sealing performance and working pressure in the hydraulic cylinder. To solve the above problems, we propose a kind of self-compensation variable-clearance sealing hydraulic cylinder. The compensation mechanism, compensation effect and adaptability of variable clearance seal are studied. The load analysis model of the piston lip in flow field is established. These provide theoretical basis and technical support for design and manufacture. Then the optimization method of the piston structure of variable clearance hydraulic cylinder is studied. Three different types of piston structures are proposed. And the piston structure with the best sealing effect is determined by the comparison of the study. The test platform is developed. Measure methods are adopted to measure the static and dynamic internal leakage respectively. The validity of the theoretical research is verified through tests.
Documenting the process of developing the Victorian voluntary assisted dying legislation
Authors: O'Connor Margaret M. , Hunt Roger W. , Gardner Julian , Draper Mary , Maddocks Ian , Malowney Trish , Owler Brian K.
Published: November 2018

Many countries across the world have legislated for their constituents to have control over their death. Commonalities and differences can be found in the regulations surrounding the shape and practices of voluntary assisted dying (VAD) and euthanasia, including an individual’s eligibility and access, role of health professions and the reporting. In Australia there have been perennial debates across the country to attempt legislative change in assisting a terminally ill person to control the ending of their life. In 2017, Victoria became the first state to successfully legislate for VAD. In describing the Victorian process that led to the passage of legislation for VAD, this paper examines the social change process. The particular focus of the paper is on the vital role played by a multidisciplinary ministerial advisory panel to develop recommendations for the successful legislation, and is written from their perspective.

What is known about the topic?
VAD has not been legal in an Australian state until legislation passed in Victoria in 2017.

What does this paper add?
This paper describes how the legislation was developed, as well as the significant consultative and democratic processes required to get the bill to parliament.

What are the implications for practitioners?
In documenting this process, policy makers and others will have an understanding of the complexities in developing legislation. This information will be useful for other Australian jurisdictions considering similar legislative changes.
An experimental study of children’s comprehension of lexical and productive causatives in Japanese
Authors: Yamakoshi Kyoko , Miura Kaori , Jorinbo Hanako , Angata Kayoko , Yamasaki Kaori
Published: November 2018

This article experimentally investigates children’s comprehension of causative constructions in Japanese and compares the acquisition of lexical and productive causatives in Japanese. The results of our experiments show that children correctly comprehend direct causative meanings of lexical causative verbs quite early, but that they often misinterpret indirect causative meanings of productive causatives, which suggests that the acquisition of indirect causative meanings of productive causatives is delayed. We suggest the delay of the acquisition of productive causatives is due to children’s misplacement of the causative morpheme sase in the structure of productive causatives, which is compatible with the analysis of children’s natural speech data in Murasugi and Hashimoto (2004) and Murasugi, Hashimoto and Fuji (2007).
Parsing Chinese relative clauses with structural and non-structural cues
Authors: Chen Zhong , Hale John
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a word-by-word computational model of incremental processing difficulty in human sentence comprehension. In particular, it discusses the processing of Chinese relative clauses guided by both structural preferences and frequencies of non-structural features like animacy. The information-theoretic metric Entropy Reduction (Hale, 2003, 2006) mirrors the disambiguation effort which readers spend on each word and links theories of parsing to observed measurements in reading experiments, including the so-called animacy effect in psycholinguistic studies (Wu, Kaiser & Anderson 2012).
The inexorable spread of 〈ou〉 in Romanized Japanese
Authors: Vance Timothy J.
Published: November 2018

When the Japanese government adopted new guidelines for representing words in kana (basically moraic phonograms) in 1946, a few mismatches between spelling and modern Tokyo pronunciation remained. One was using 〈う〉 (u) as the default representation for the second half of the long vowel /oH/ (/H/ = length). In official romanization, /ou/ is 〈ou〉 and /oH/ is 〈ō〉, 〈ô〉, or 〈oo〉, but the most popular romanization for /oH/ is now 〈ou〉, partly because most computer users input Japanese text by typing romanization that matches kana spelling. This paper will propose that kana spelling, abetted by romanized input, might induce future speakers to adopt /ou/ as the underlying form in many words that, for now, still have /oH/.
French experiencer verbs and the Universal Freezing Hypothesis
Authors: Borga Jason , Snyder William
Published: November 2018

The Universal Freezing Hypothesis (UFH) of Snyder and Hyams (2015) predicts that the developmental time course of English be-passives follows from younger children’s inability to make exceptions to the Freezing Principle, required for smuggling derivations, where mature speakers can. Recent research (Belletti & Rizzi, 2012) indicates that Object-Experiencer (OE) verbs, but not Subject-Experiencer (SE) verbs, require smuggling. We use French to test the resulting prediction of the UFH: mastery of French OE verbs should be late, after age 4, but SE verbs are mastered much earlier. Analysis of longitudinal spontaneous-speech data from 11 children acquiring French indicates that OE verbs are infrequent in children’s speech prior to age 4, while SE verbs are present earlier, usually by age 2.
Clitic omission in bilingual Portuguese-Spanish acquisition
Authors: Nardelli Marina Cestari , Lobo Maria
Published: November 2018

This study investigates clitic omission in Portuguese-Spanish bilingual children, comparing them to monolingual children. Children in the target group were simultaneous bilinguals between 3 and 5 years old, living in Portugal and attending a Spanish school. Bilinguals were administered two versions of a production test, which elicited clitics in three different contexts: (i) accusative third person in simple sentences; (ii) accusative third person in adjunct islands; (iii) reflexive third person in simple sentences. Results show that the rates of omission in the bilinguals’ Spanish are higher than in Spanish monolinguals, but bilinguals distinguish the two languages and the different contexts: omission is higher in Portuguese than in Spanish, and higher with accusatives in simple sentences than in the other contexts.
Subject position in Spanish as a heritage language in the Netherlands: External and internal interface factors
Authors: van Osch Brechje , Sleeman Petra
Published: November 2018

This study investigates Spanish heritage speakers in the Netherlands concerning their knowledge of three factors influencing subject position in Spanish: verb type, focus and definiteness. The results of a scalar acceptability judgment task show that heritage speakers have monolingual-like knowledge of the effects of verb type and focus, but not of the effect of definiteness of the subject. We interpret the vulnerability of the definiteness factor as partial support for the second version of the Interface Hypothesis, which predicts the syntax-discourse/pragmatics interface to be particularly vulnerable compared to the syntax-semantics interface. The heritage speakers moreover overgeneralize postverbal subjects, a finding that we tentatively attribute to cross-linguistic influence from Dutch.
On the comprehension of recursive nominal modifiers in child Romanian
Authors: Sevcenco Anca , Avram Larisa
Published: November 2018

We investigate the comprehension of recursive locative adnominal PPs and subject RCs by Romanian monolinguals with a view to weighing the role of language specific properties (overt functional category encoding recursion and definiteness of the modified DP) in the acquisition of recursive structures. Our data show that comprehension of recursive nominal modifiers is delayed. Romanian 5- and 7-year-olds randomly assign a recursive or a conjunctive interpretation to recursive nominal modifiers. The availability of overt recursion markers in both modification structures is reflected in the absence of a main effect of structure; PP and RC modifiers are equally vulnerable. Our data suggest that children acquire recursive nominal modifiers late across languages, but language specific properties may determine the acquisition path.
Sugar Transporter Protein 1 (STP1) contributes to regulation of the genes involved in shoot branching via carbon partitioning in Arabidopsis
Authors: Otori Kumi , Tanabe Noriaki , Tamoi Masahiro , Shigeoka Shigeru
Published: November 2018

We previously demonstrated that alterations in sugar partitioning affect the expression of genes involved in hormone biosynthesis and responses, including BRANCHED1 (BRC1), resulting in enhanced shoot branching in transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing cyanobacterial fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-II in the cytosol (AcF). The exogenous treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with sugars showed the same transcript characteristics, indicating that sugars act as a signal for branching. We also found that the reductions induced in BRC1 expression levels in wild-type plants by the sugar treatments were suppressed in the knockout mutant of sugar transporter 1 (stp1-1). Intracellular sugar contents were similar in stp1-1 and wild-type plants following the sugar treatments, suggesting that STP1 acts as a factor for the regulation of shoot branching depending on extracellular sugar contents.

Abbreviations: BRC1: BRABCHED1; FBP/SBPase: fructose-1,6-/sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase; Glc: glucose; HXK: hexokinase; SnRK1.1/AKIN10: SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 1.1; Suc: sucrose; SnRK1: sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase; STP: sugar transporter protein
The kinetics of ageing in dry-stored seeds: a comparison of viability loss and RNA degradation in unique legacy seed collections
Authors: Fleming Margaret B , Hill Lisa M , Walters Christina
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims

Determining seed longevity by identifying chemical changes that precede, and may be linked to, seed mortality, is an important but difficult task. The standard assessment, germination proportion, reveals seed longevity by showing that germination proportion declines, but cannot be used to predict when germination will be significantly compromised. Assessment of molecular integrity, such as RNA integrity, may be more informative about changes in seed health that precede viability loss, and has been shown to be useful in soybean.

Methods

A collection of seeds stored at 5 °C and 35–50 % relative humidity for 1–30 years was used to test how germination proportion and RNA integrity are affected by storage time. Similarly, a collection of seeds stored at temperatures from −12 to +32 °C for 59 years was used to manipulate ageing rate. RNA integrity was calculated using total RNA extracted from one to five seeds per sample, analysed on an Agilent Bioanalyzer.

Results

Decreased RNA integrity was usually observed before viability loss. Correlation of RNA integrity with storage time or storage temperature was negative and significant for most species tested. Exceptions were watermelon, for which germination proportion and storage time were poorly correlated, and tomato, which showed electropherogram anomalies that affected RNA integrity number calculation. Temperature dependencies of ageing reactions were not significantly different across species or mode of detection. The overall correlation between germination proportion and RNA integrity, across all experiments, was positive and significant.

Conclusions

Changes in RNA integrity when ageing is asymptomatic can be used to predict onset of viability decline. RNA integrity appears to be a metric of seed ageing that is broadly applicable across species. Time and molecular mobility of the substrate affect both the progress of seed ageing and loss of RNA integrity.
Connectivity of Frontoparietal Regions Reveals Executive Attention and Consciousness Interactions
Authors: Martín-Signes Mar , Paz-Alonso Pedro M , Chica Ana B
Published: November 2018

The executive control network is involved in the voluntary control of novel and complex situations. Solving conflict situations or detecting errors have demonstrated to impair conscious perception of near-threshold stimuli. The aim of this study was to explore the neural mechanisms underlying executive control and its interaction with conscious perception using functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging. To this end, we used a dual-task paradigm involving Stroop and conscious detection tasks with near-threshold stimuli. A set of prefrontal and frontoparietal regions were more strongly engaged for incongruent than congruent trials while a distributed set of frontoparietal regions showed stronger activation for consciously than nonconsciously perceived trials. Functional connectivity analysis revealed an interaction between executive control and conscious perception in frontal and parietal nodes. The microstructural properties of the middle branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus were associated with neural measures of the interaction between executive control and consciousness. These results demonstrate that conscious perception and executive control share neural resources in frontoparietal networks, as proposed by some influential models.
From logics of formal inconsistency to logics of formal classicality
Authors: Omori Hitoshi
Published: November 2018

One of the oldest systems of paraconsistent logic is the set of so-called C-systems of Newton da Costa, and this has been generalized into a family of systems now known as logics of formal inconsistencies by Walter Carnielli, Marcelo Coniglio and João Marcos. The characteristic notion in these systems is the so-called consistency operator which, roughly speaking, indicates how gluts are behaving. One natural question then is to ask if we can let not only gluts but also gaps be around and generalize the notion of consistency into classicality. This is already considered by Andréa Loparić and da Costa in the style of C-systems. The aim of this paper is to develop a family of systems that generalizes the system of Loparić and da Costa which may be called logics of formal classicality.
Calculating turbulent transport tensors by averaging single-plume dynamics and application to dynamos
Authors: Zhou Hongzhe , Blackman Eric G
Published: November 2018

Transport coefficients in turbulence are comprised of correlation functions between turbulent fluctuations and efficient methods to calculate them are desirable. For example, in mean-field dynamo theories used to model the growth of large-scale magnetic fields of stars and galaxies, the turbulent electromotive force is commonly approximated by a series of tensor products of turbulent transport coefficients with successively higher order spatial derivatives of the mean magnetic field. One ingredient of standard models is the kinematic coefficient of the zeroth-order term, namely the averaged kinetic pseudo-tensor $\boldsymbol \alpha$, that converts toroidal to poloidal fields. Here we demonstrate an efficient way to calculate this quantity for rotating stratified turbulence, whereby the pre-averaged quantity is calculated for the motion of a single plume, and the average is then taken over an ensemble of plumes of different orientations. We calculate the plume dynamics in the most convenient frame, before transforming back to the lab frame and averaging. Our concise configuration space calculation gives essentially identical results to previous lengthier approaches. The present application exemplifies what is a broadly applicable method.
Slavery and Fear
Authors: Sharples Jason T.
Published: November 2018

The extreme violence of Atlantic slavery made it a system of fear. From slaving vessels off the coast of Africa to interior regions of the American continents, masters deliberately terrorized enslaved people through whipping, family separation, and rape in attempts to control them. That use of terror inadvertently sowed the seeds of masters’ own fear of their slaves. Out of self-preservation, enslaved people used subtle forms of resistance that could not easily be ascribed to them but about which masters were glancingly aware. Masters worried that in time, if poison, witchcraft, or arson did not consume them, enslaved people would answer overt violence with overt violence through insurrection. Masters erected legal and policing apparatuses whose wellspring was their own fear and that permitted them within the confines of their homes to terrorize enslaved individuals with impunity. In this system of fear, masters’ dread of insurrection often led them to use even greater brutality, such as torture, dismemberment, and burning at the stake, to assert control after rebellions or even to preemptively quash uprisings that were rumored to be coming. With all of this violence, those masters, slaves, and onlookers who paused to consider its religious implications found themselves variously anxious about their eternal souls, fearful of God’s vengeance on society, or all too willing to inflict spiritual terror on others. In the end, slavery’s system of fear influenced two of the greatest political transformations of the early modern Atlantic world: the Age of Revolutions and the abolition of slavery. This bibliography pulls together selected examples of scholarship that addresses this system of fear in slavery. The Portuguese, French, and Spanish Americas are all represented here, but the sheer depth of Anglo-American slavery’s historiography means that it has explored this theme more directly. Nevertheless, readers who are looking for fear would surely find it between the lines of almost any scholarship on slavery. This bibliography begins with a sampling of conceptual work on the history of emotions in general—a relatively new field—and some exemplary treatments of fear in studies of slavery, race, and power.
Post-Conflict Reconciliation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region
Authors: Khoury Amal
Published: November 2018

While there is a growing consensus on the importance and necessity of reconciliation for achieving sustainable peace in societies emerging from conflict, there is no agreement on what it actually means or how it could be reached. Scholars and practitioners have defined reconciliation both as a process and a goal that occurs on different levels, individual, interpersonal, intergroup, institutional, national, and international. Simply defined, reconciliation is the restoration of friendly relations. It involves developing a shared vision of an interdependent and fair society; acknowledging and dealing with the past; building positive relationships; changing cultures and attitudes that promote violence and divisions; and promoting substantial social, economic, and political structural changes. Lederach and Galtung, two of the main scholar practitioners in the field of peace and conflict studies, linked reconciliation to the concept of positive peace and emphasized the importance of relationships and healing in post-conflict societies. Reconciliation, which remains a contested concept in the debate on transitional justice and is very difficult to measure empirically, is central to conflict transformation. There are different mechanisms for reconciliation involving retributive justice (trials), truth telling (truth and reconciliation commissions), amnesties, reparations, apologies, and forgiveness, to name a few. This bibliography focuses on post-conflict reconciliation efforts in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA). The history and experience of the MENA countries with reconciliation is diverse, as will become clear from the literature. It also has been limited and faces several challenges.
Indigenous Politics and Representation in Latin America
Authors: Centellas Miguel
Published: November 2018

There is surprisingly limited political science scholarship on indigenous political participation and representation in Latin America, per se. While research on Latin America’s indigenous peoples has experienced a boom in recent years—and has long been a staple among anthropologists and sociologists—most of that work takes a decidedly cultural, rather than institutional, approach. That is, there are relatively few works on “ethnic parties” (their electoral performance, their role in legislatures, etc.) of the kind familiar to those who study ethnic politics in India or Europe. Moreover, the existing literature is heavily concentrated in a handful of country cases. This presents a tremendous opportunity for future scholarship, as well as a challenge. The challenges derive primarily from the lack of data on many basic indicators of indigenous participation and representation beyond the aggregate level or from ethnographic studies. Another challenge comes from the thorny issue of how to address mestizaje (the centuries-old blending of European and indigenous cultures) which complicates racial and ethnic categories that drive most theories about “ethnic” politics. The fact that most Latin American countries have overwhelmingly mestizo majorities—and few have sizeable geographically concentrated indigenous communities—also complicate things. A key way in which political scientists have tended to study “ethnic” political participation and representation has been through the study of “ethnic” parties, which are rare in Latin America. Additionally, much of the scholarship on ethnic political mobilization has tended to focus on “successful” cases like Bolivia and Ecuador or cases with vibrant indigenous movements like Mexico or Guatemala, with few studies of ethnic or indigenous politics in other countries, especially countries with very small indigenous populations, such as Brazil or Argentina.
Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones)
Authors: Marcoux Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2018

Amiri Baraka (born Everett LeRoi Jones) (b. 1934–d. 2014) is one of the most important African American artists and intellectuals. He was a poet, critic, essayist, musicologist, playwright, novelist, and brilliant polemicist who sought to expose through his work the historical ravages of racism and oppression. He began his literary career as part of the Beat scene on the Lower East Side of New York, where he met the poet Allen Ginsberg and developed friendships with Black Mountain School artists like the influential Charles Olson and New York school poet Frank O’Hara. After the assassination of Malcolm X in 1965, Baraka, who had already been wrestling with his identity and his responsibility as a black artist, left Hettie Jones and moved uptown to Harlem to found, along with Askia Touré and others, the Black Arts Repertory Theatre and School (BARTS), the first initiative of the Black Arts Movement (BAM). The movement was the artistic wing of Black Power and attempted to define the function of black history and culture in developing a consciousness capable of resisting the lure of acculturation and assimilation. This newly raised consciousness, Baraka believed, would lead to the theorization of a black aesthetic, a functional writing politics devised to reflect the full extent of the African American experience. In 1967, he changed his name from LeRoi Jones to the Bantu Muslim name Imamu Ameer Baraka (later Amiri Baraka); this change was inspired by his time at San Francisco State University and his relationship with Maulana (Ron) Karenga and the cultural nationalist association US Organization. After the collapse of BARTS, Baraka returned to his hometown of Newark, where he continued his cultural work with his wife Amina at the Spirit House, later rejecting cultural nationalism in favor of Third World Marxism, while still maintaining the grassroots dimension of BAM. Whether it is in the early poems of Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note (1960), the musicology of Blues People (1963), Black Music (1967) and The Music (1987), plays like Dutchman (1964), the more politically inflected poetry of Black Magic (1969) and It’s Nation Time (1970) or the historiographical projects of “In the Tradition” (1982) and Wise Why’s Y’s (1995), Baraka remained committed both to poeticizing his people and to proposing innovative ways of voicing his displeasure with power structures. His poetic avant-gardism, his astute political prose, and his performance poetics make him the most important figure of the black cultural vanguard to have emerged from the turbulent 1960s.
The incentive and efficiency effects of affirmative action: does envy matter?
Authors: Sultana Rezina
Published: November 2018

This paper introduces envy into the study of affirmative action (AA) policies. Envy is defined as occurring when people have the same income with different abilities or with equal abilities have different incomes because of unequal access to employment opportunities—which occurs both under adverse and compensatory-discrimination. I analyse how envy, when there is discrimination, interacts with incentive for individuals to make productivity-enhancing investment and thereby affects economic efficiency. A policymaker maximizes the expected utility of the population taking into account the trade-off between fairness or equity (no-envy) and efficiency. An exclusive equal opportunity policy (EOP) that forestalls envy would allocate skilled jobs in a manner skewed towards the historically advantaged group. I study the conditions under which AA is fairness-improving in access to ‘good’ jobs and the implications for efficiency in job allocation between ex ante advantaged and disadvantaged groups.
Predictive Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability and Implicit Encoding of Movement Probability in Schizophrenia
Authors: Dupin Lucile , Carment Loïc , Guedj Laura , Cuenca Macarena , Krebs Marie-Odile , Maier Marc A , Amado Isabelle , Lindberg Påvel G
Published: November 2018

The ability to infer from uncertain information is impaired in schizophrenia and is associated with hallucinations and false beliefs. The accumulation of information is a key process for generating a predictive internal model, which statistically estimates an outcome from a specific situation. This study examines if updating the predictive model by the accumulation of information in absence of feedback is impaired in schizophrenia. We explored the implicit adaptation to the probability of being instructed to perform a movement (33%-Go, 50%-Go, or 66%-Go) in a Go/NoGo task in terms of reaction times (RTs), electromyographic activity, and corticospinal excitability (CSE) of primary motor cortex (M1). CSE was assessed at two time points to evaluate prediction of the upcoming instruction based on previously accumulated information: at rest (preceding the warning signal) and at the Go/NoGo signal onset. Three groups were compared: patients with schizophrenia (n = 20), unaffected siblings (n = 16), and healthy controls (n = 20). Controls and siblings showed earlier movement onset and increased CSE with higher Go probability. CSE adaptation seemed long-lasting, because the two CSE measures, at least 1500 ms apart, strongly correlated. Patients with schizophrenia failed to show movement onset (RT) adaptation and modulation of CSE. In contrast, all groups decreased movement duration with increasing Go probability. Modulation of CSE in the anticipatory phase of the potential movement reflected the estimation of upcoming response probability in unaffected controls and siblings. Impaired modulation of CSE supports the hypothesis that implicit adaptation to probabilistic context is altered in schizophrenia.
Elevating ATP‐binding cassette transporter G1 improves re‐endothelialization function of endothelial progenitor cells via Lyn/Akt/eNOS in diabetic mice
Authors: Shi Ying , Lv Xue , Liu Yanan , Li Bochuan , Liu Mingming , Yan Meng , Liu Yajin , Li Qi , Zhang Xuejiao , He Shuang , Zhu Mason , He Jinlong , Zhu Yan , Zhu Yi , Ai Ding
Published: November 2018

Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) dysfunction contributes to diabetes‐induced delay in endothelium repair after vessel injury, prominently associated with diabetic cardiovascular complications such as neointima formation. ATP‐binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) promotes cholesterol efflux to HDL, which may favorably affect EPC function. However, whether ABCG1 improves EPC function, especially in diabetes, remains unknown. Here we investigated the role of ABCG1 in EPCs by using Tie2‐mediated ABCG1 transgenic (Tie2‐ABCG1Tg)mice. Mice were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes mellitus. As compared with wild‐type (WT) mice, in Tie2‐ABCG1Tg mice, diabetes‐impaired EPC migration and tube formation were reversed. In vitro gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies further revealed that ABCG1‐overexpressing EPCs showed increased migration and tube formation and differentiation via the Lck/Yes‐related novel protein tyrosine kinase /Akt/endothelial NO synthase pathway by enhancing cellular cholesterol efflux. Finally, type 1 and type 2 diabetic mouse models with arterial injury were intravenously injected with labeled EPCs from WT or Tie2‐ABCG1Tg mice. Re‐endothelialization in diabetic mice was improved to a greater extent by injection of ABCG1‐overexpressing than WT EPCs. Our study demonstrated that ABCG1 in EPCs improved repair after vascular injury in diabetes by increasing EPC function such as migration, tube formation and differentiation, and subsequent re‐endothelialization. ABCG1 might be a promising therapeutic target for diabetes‐associated vascular diseases.—Shi, Y., Lv, X., Liu, Y., Li, B., Liu, M., Yan, M., Liu, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, X., He, S., Zhu, M., He, J., Zhu, Y., Zhu, Y., Ai, D. Elevating ATP‐binding cassette transporter G1 improves re‐endothelialization function of endothelial progenitor cells via Lyn/Akt/eNOS in diabetic mice. FASEB J. 32, 6525–6536 (2018). www.fasebj.org
Overlooked adenocarcinoma of the scalp
Authors: Elefteriou-Kokolis Elena , Danielsen Randy , Kokolis Rodamanthos Nicholas
Published: November 2018

An apocrine adenocarcinoma of the scalp is a rare diagnosis in internal medicine. The article reviews the pathophysiology of the diagnosis and new, nonsurgical treatment options including radiation therapy and topical chemotherapy treatments.
A Road Map for Attending to Medical Students’ Professionalism Lapses
Authors: Mak-van der Vossen Marianne C. , de la Croix Anne , Teherani Arianne , van Mook Walther N.K.A. , Croiset Gerda , Kusurkar Rashmi A.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

To develop a road map for educators attending to medical students’ professionalism lapses, aiming to offer an empirical base for approaching students who display such lapses.

Method

Between October 2016 and January 2018, 23 in-depth interviews with 19 expert faculty responsible for remediation from 13 U.S. medical schools were conducted about the way they handle students’ professionalism lapses. Three researchers independently completed three rounds of coding. Data collection, coding, and analysis were performed in a constant comparative process. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to develop an explanatory model for attending to students’ professionalism lapses.

Results

Based on participants’ descriptions, the authors developed a three-phase approach for attending to professionalism lapses. In phase 1, experts enacted the role of concerned teacher, exploring the lapse from the student’s perspective. In phase 2, they functioned as supportive coach, providing feedback on professionalism values, improving skills, creating reflectiveness, and offering support. In phase 3, if the student did not demonstrate reflectiveness and improvement, and especially if (future) patient care was potentially compromised, participants assumed an opposite role: gatekeeper of the profession.

Conclusions

An explanatory model for attending to professionalism lapses that fits in the overarching “communities of practice” framework was created. Whereas phase 1 and 2 aim at keeping students in the medical community, phase 3 aims at guiding students out. These findings provide empirical support to earlier descriptive, opinion-based models and may offer medical educators an empirical base for attending to students who display professionalism lapses.