bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Issues of Legal Status of Civil Servants of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Berdimuratova G.
Published: June 2024

This article discusses issues of the legal status of civil servants of the Republic of Uzbekistan. An analysis of the norms of official law establishing the special administrative and legal status of civil servants has been carried out. The author has examined a significant list of some features of the legal regulation of the institution of public service. The main concept of this article is that we considered the institution of public service from a systematic position. For example, the content of the concept of ‘public office’, ‘official legal relationship’, ‘position’, ‘official duties’ is revealed from the point of view of both normative content and the opinions of representatives of scientific doctrine.
Research of Integration of Innovations of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Educational Technologies
Authors: Yang Zhenni
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this article is devoted to the significance of the innovative use of artificial intelligence in modern education, the authors, based on an analysis of the literature, came to the conclusion that artificial intelligence can be used not only as a teaching tool, but also through the classroom, the media and others traditional learning aids. Artificial intelligence has powerful algorithms that can help educators better understand learning focus and break down educational content from multiple angles to help students quickly integrate and update course content. The article discusses the main applications of artificial intelligence in education as analysis criteria, as well as intelligent tutoring, educational data analysis, personalized learning paths, and virtual classroom creation as an innovative integrated classroom design. After discussion and analysis, the authors believe that artificial intelligence has great potential for innovation in teaching methodology and technology, it can enrich teacher teaching methods and improve teaching technology. By integrating traditional teaching methods and advanced artificial intelligence algorithms, artificial intelligence cannot only help teachers improve the effectiveness of teaching, but also to analyze the content of classes and optimize the choice of teaching sequence.
Experimental Innovation Research on the Influence of Project-based Learning PBL and Virtual Reality Technology on Teaching Methods of Teachers
Authors: Tian Kaige
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the pedagogical theory of project-based learning and the use of virtual reality technology in software learning as a comprehensive area of research. Based on numerous virtual reality use cases and in-depth analysis of modular learning, the article aims to help teachers enrich teaching methods and evaluate student success. They highlight the importance of combining virtual reality technology with the project-based learning method to increase the effectiveness of the educational process. They emphasize that this helps teachers diversify their teaching methods and helps students learn better and become more effective in their studies. The article also discusses the standards for using virtual reality technology in education and offers training scenarios for its effective use. Strategies for collaboration between teachers and students are analyzed, as well as the use of virtual reality to create new forms of learning and increase interest in the educational process. Finally, the article summarizes experimental innovations in project-based learning and virtual reality, emphasizing their importance for stimulating student interest in learning and improving educational outcomes. =
Revival of Islam Post-Soviet Period in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Kurbanova A.
Published: June 2024

The relationship between national and religious in state building, the concept of secularism and democracy in the conditions of the Muslim majority are analyzed. The growing influence of Islam on many areas of social and political relations was a completely natural consequence of the collapse of the USSR and the ideology of atheism. The democratic path of development of Kyrgyzstan, relative freedom of religion, and the opening of borders create conditions where Islam not only returns the role it lost in society over 70 years, but also embraces new spheres of influence in which its impact cannot be ignored. -
LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH TASK-BASED SYNCHRONOUS COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION
Authors: MUKHTAR Suhaila , NIK MOHD ALWI Nik Aloesnita , ALI Fatimah , MAT DAUD Nor Shidrah , KASSIM Asiah , IBRAHIM Ainol Haryati , MAT DAUD Nuraihan
Published: June 2024

A limited number of studies have been conducted on the influence of task features on language production in computer-mediated communication (CMC) environments despite the role of tasks on the language production of L2 students who are mostly non-native speakers (NNSs). Among the prominent hypotheses on the relationship between tasks and language production are the Cognition Hypothesis and the Trade-Off Hypothesis. The current study examined the effect of task structure on student language production in terms of syntactic complexity and fluency in CMC environments. A one-shot design study involved 46 NNS undergraduates in Malaysia and Japan. The respondents were divided into two groups: (1) respondents who performed the task with task structure (+TS) and (2) respondents who performed the task without task structure (-TS). The data were then analysed using a t-test. The present study supported the hypothesis positing that the utilisation of +TS contributes to an increase in syntactic complexity among NNSs, as well as the hypothesis proposing that the use of +TS results in improved fluency. The results also suggest examining additional variables related to task difficulty when designing tasks for CMC environments to assess their effects on fluency and syntactic complexity.
EFFECTS OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES ON THE RESEARCH SELF-EFFICACY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDENT TEACHERS
Authors: PHAN Nga Thi Tuyet
Published: June 2024

This study explored whether the incorporation of specific research activities into the syllabus could develop the research self-efficacy of a group of English language student teachers in Vietnam who belong to a demographic group currently underrepresented in self-efficacy literature. It also attempted to understand the perceived effects of the intervention on students’ research self-efficacy. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design and a mixed-methods methodology. Pre- and post-questionnaires along with weekly reflective journal entries were used as data tools. Results indicate that due to their involvement in the intervention, the students in the experimental group displayed a stronger sense of research self-efficacy compared to those in the control group. The students in the experimental group gradually developed their self-efficacy owing to a growth in research knowledge and skills and a therapeutic research-training environment. The findings of the study are informative to the design, refinement, and optimization of future interventions that facilitate the effects of research experiences, knowledge, and skills on undergraduates’ research self-efficacy beliefs.
PROJECT-BASED LEARNING INTEGRATED WITH HIGHER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) ASSESSMENT TO ENHANCE THE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILLS IN THE EFL CLASSROOM
Authors: PURWATI Tuti , SETYARINI Sri , WALY Muchamad Muchibbuddin , SUMANTO Eko
Published: June 2024

This study examined the implementation of project-based learning (PBL) integrated with HOTS assessment in helping students develop their English-speaking skills. In addition, this study sought to explore the challenges faced by the teacher when implementing PBL with HOTS assessment. Using classroom action research (CAR) involving 32 ninth-grade students of a junior high school, qualitative and quantitative data were gathered in two cycles. The quantitative data were obtained via speaking tests whereas the qualitative data were acquired through interviews and observations. This research indicated that project-based learning through HOTS assessment helped the students hone their speaking skills as they had more chances to practise speaking. The students were more confident to speak in English. They actively participated during the discussion and could think creatively while performing the project. However, the teacher faced challenges as there were still students with a low mastery of vocabulary and a lack of participation in designing mini-drama scripts. PBL with HOTS assessment can be used as an alternative to facilitate students’ speaking practice in the EFL classroom.
EVALUATING STUDENTS’ VIEWS ON THE IMPORTANCE AND USEFULESSNESS OF CEFR IN SPEAKING TEST
Authors: CH’NG Looi-Chin , MAHMUD Farah Fadhliah , SAHARI Siti Huzaimah , ARSHAD Aqilah , GAFAR@ ABD GHAFFAR Siti Zuraina
Published: June 2024

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) is crucial for speaking tests as it provides a standardised framework to assess and gauge language proficiency accurately and consistently. This research evaluates ESL students’ awareness and perceived usefulness of the CEFR in group discussions. Data were obtained from 105 diploma students from UiTM Sarawak and UiTM Alor Gajah using an online questionnaire. The results indicate a moderate level of CEFR awareness, although opinions on its impact and role in language assessment and goal setting were varied. Respondents generally view CEFR-aligned speaking tests positively, showing a favourable perception of its usefulness. However, some have expressed concerns that these tests could be potential obstacles in their efforts to improve their language skills. The study highlighted the need for further education and training on CEFR-aligned assessments to enhance students’ comprehension and confidence in language proficiency development. It also emphasises the importance of designing assessments that help learners overcome potential barriers to improving language proficiency.
PEMBINAAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN BERBASIS FINTECH (FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY) DAN DIGITAL MARKETING DI SMK REAL BATAM
Authors: Sitorus David Humala , Omposunggu Hermaya , Poniman Poniman , Rustam Triana Ananda , Marlina Neni , Wage Sunarto
Published: June 2024

Revolusi industri 4.0 menuntut lulusan SMK untuk memiliki keterampilan kewirausahaan dan pemasaran digital yang mumpuni. SMK Real Batam sebagai salah satu sekolah yang fokus pada pengembangan kewirausahaan bagi siswanya, menyelenggarakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat (PKM) dengan tema "Pembinaan Kewirausahaan Berbasis Fintech (Financial Technology) dan Digital Marketing". Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membekali siswa dengan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam memanfaatkan teknologi keuangan dan pemasaran digital untuk menunjang usaha mereka. Metode yang digunakan dalam PKM ini adalah pelatihan, pendampingan, dan mentoring. Materi pelatihan meliputi pengenalan fintech, penggunaan aplikasi fintech untuk transaksi keuangan, strategi pemasaran digital, dan pembuatan konten media sosial. Pendampingan dan mentoring dilakukan untuk membantu siswa dalam menerapkan ilmu yang telah mereka pelajari. Hasil dari PKM ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam memanfaatkan fintech dan digital marketing. Siswa juga menunjukkan antusiasme dan motivasi yang tinggi untuk memulai usaha mereka sendiri. Diharapkan dengan kegiatan PKM ini, siswa SMK Real Batam dapat menjadi wirausahawan yang sukses di era digital.
Host specificity and zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in wild rodents from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province of China
Authors: Zhao Wei , Sun Lijie , Liu Li , Jiang Aiying , Xiao Qiang , Tan Feng
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Wild rodents can serve as reservoirs or carriers of E. bieneusi, thereby enabling parasite transmission to domestic animals and humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of E. bieneusi in wild rodents from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province of China. Moreover, to evaluate the potential for zoonotic transmission at the genotype level, a genetic analysis of the isolates was performed.

Methods

A total of 486 wild rodents were captured from two provinces in China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the vertebrate cytochrome b (cytb) gene in the fecal DNA of the rodents to detect their species. The genotype of E. bieneusi was determined via PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The examination of genetic characteristics and zoonotic potential requires the application of similarity and phylogenetic analysis.

Results

The infection rates of E. bieneusi in the four identified rodent species were 5.2% for Apodemus agrarius (n = 89), 4.5% for Cricetulus barabensis (n = 96), 11.3% for Mus musculus (n = 106), and 38.5% for Rattus norvegicus (n = 195). Infection was detected at an average rate of 17.4% among 486 rodents. Of the 11 identified genotypes, nine were known: SHR1 (detected in 32 samples), D (30 samples), EbpA (9 samples), PigEbITS7 (8 samples), HNR-IV (6 samples), Type IV (5 samples), HNR-VII (2 samples), HNH7 (1 sample), and HNPL-V (1 sample). Two novel genotypes were also discovered, NMR-I and NMR-II, each comprising one sample. The genotypes were classified into group 1 and group 13 via phylogenetic analysis.

Discussion

Based on the initial report, E. bieneusi is highly prevalent and genetically diverse in wild rodents residing in the respective province and region. This indicates that these animals are crucial for the dissemination of E. bieneusi. Zoonotic E. bieneusi-carrying animals present a significant hazard to local inhabitants. Therefore, it is necessary to increase awareness regarding the dangers presented by these rodents and reduce their population to prevent environmental contamination.
Pacemaker-induced atrial fibrillation reconsidered—associations with different pacing sites and prevention approaches
Authors: Kreimer Fabienne , Gotzmann Michael
Published: June 2024

The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is significantly higher in patients with pacemakers than in the general population, which could be due to patient characteristics and the diagnostic tool of the pacemaker in detecting atrial high-rate episodes and subclinical AF, but also to the pacemaker itself providing AF-promoting conditions. It is well known that high ventricular pacemaker burden increases the likelihood of AF occurrence. However, the sites of atrial and ventricular pacing may also influence the risk for AF. The conventional sites for atrial and ventricular pacing are in the right atrial appendage and in the right ventricular apex. However, growing evidence suggests that alternative pacing sites may be superior for the prevention of AF. Bachmann bundle pacing, for example, promotes interatrial excitation conduction, resulting in atrial synchronicity and a shorter total atrial activation time, which may be preventive for the occurrence of AF. Moreover, in recent years, new ventricular pacing sites have come into focus with His bundle and left bundle branch pacing. In addition to the hemodynamic and electrophysiological cardiac benefits, these new options may also offer benefits in the prevention of AF. This review provides an overview of pacing-induced AF mechanisms and the association with different pacing sites, as well as approaches for prevention of pacing-induced AF, highlighting different sites and modes of atrial pacing and the newer sites of ventricular pacing.
Glycemic variability through the perspective of the glycemia risk index and time in range and their association with glycated hemoglobin A1c in pediatric patients on sensor-augmented pump therapy
Authors: Bukara-Radujkovic Gordana , Miljkovic Vesna
Published: June 2024

Introduction

From the introduction of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in treatments of type 1 diabetes, particularly its integration with insulin pumps, there has been a quest for new parameters that describe optimal glycemic control. As of the consensus reached in 2019, the ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) has become the standard, with time in range (TIR) emerging as a fundamental parameter for metabolic control assessment. However, with technological advancements, new parameters, such as the glycemia risk index (GRI), have been introduced and clinically utilized. Therefore, exploring the relationships between traditional and novel parameters to understand metabolic control comprehensively is imperative.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted at the Pediatric Clinic of the University Hospital of the Republic of Srpska Banja Luka between January and July 2023. The participants were randomly selected, with the inclusion criteria specifying an age greater than eight years and a diabetes type 1 duration exceeding two years. All participants were required to use a sensor-augmented insulin pump for the next three months (90 days), irrespective of prior use, with the suspend-before-low option activated.

Results

Of the 35 participants, 30 completed the study, 14 (46.7%) of whom were male. The mean age of the subjects was 14.90 ± 2.88 years, and the mean duration of diabetes was 7.83 ± 4.76 years. Over the 90-day period, HbA1c increased to an average of 7.31%. The analysis revealed significant effects of TIR (β=-0.771) and GRI (β=0.651) on HbA1c. Furthermore, GRI and TIR strongly correlated (β=-0.953).

Discussion and conclusion

New parameters generated from the ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) can help clinicians create a complete picture of a patient’s metabolic control in relation to HbA1c levels. Additionally, the GRI is a mathematically tailored parameter that incorporates all components of the ambulatory glucose profile and demonstrates strong correlations with laboratory-measured HbA1c and TIR. The GRI potentially can become a valuable statistical parameter for evaluating and managing patients in routine clinical practice.
LoadNet: enhancing energy storage system integration in power system operation using temporal convolutional and recurrent models with self-attention
Authors: Liu Minggang , Hu Xiaoxu
Published: June 2024

Introduction: In the context of the evolving energy landscape, the efficient integration of energy storage systems (ESS) has become essential for optimizing power system operation and accommodating renewable energy sources.

Methods: This study introduces LoadNet, an innovative approach that combines the fusion of Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models, along with a self-attention mechanism, to address the challenges associated with ESS integration in power system operation. LoadNet aims to enhance the management and utilization of ESS by effectively capturing the complex temporal dependencies present in time-series data. The fusion architecture of TCN-GRU in LoadNet enables the modeling of both short-term and long-term dependencies, allowing for accurate representation of dynamic power system behaviors. Additionally, the incorporation of a self-attention mechanism enables LoadNet to focus on relevant information, facilitating informed decision-making for optimal ESS operation. To assess the efficacy of LoadNet, comprehensive experiments were conducted using real-world power system datasets.

Results and Discussion: The results demonstrate that LoadNet significantly improves the efficiency and reliability of power system operation with ESS. By effectively managing the integration of ESS, LoadNet enhances grid stability and reliability, while promoting the seamless integration of renewable energy sources. This contributes to the development of a more sustainable and resilient power system. The proposed LoadNet model represents a significant advancement in power system management. Its ability to optimize power system operation by integrating ESS using the TCN-GRU fusion and self-attention mechanism holds great promise for future power system planning and operation. Ultimately, LoadNet can pave the way for a more sustainable and efficient power grid, supporting the transition to a clean and renewable energy future.
Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis identifies SLC25A4 as a key predictor of prognosis in osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Yinghui , Zhang Wenyan , Feng Shaojie , Xing Yuanxin , Wang Tianjiao , Huang Nana , Li Ka , Zhang Aijun
Published: June 2024

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) is highly malignant and prone to local infiltration and distant metastasis. Due to the poor outcomes of OS patients, the study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OS and explore their role in the carcinogenesis and progression of OS.

Methods

RNA sequencing was performed to identify DEGs in OS. The functions of the DEGs in OS were investigated using bioinformatics analysis, and DEG expression was verified using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The role of SLC25A4 was evaluated using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and then investigated using functional assays in OS cells.

Results

In all, 8353 DEGs were screened. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated these DEGs showed strong enrichment in the calcium signaling pathway and pathways in cancer. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed ten hub genes were related to the outcomes of OS patients. Both SLC25A4 transcript and protein expression were significantly reduced in OS, and GSEA suggested that SLC25A4 was associated with cell cycle, apoptosis and inflammation. SLC25A4-overexpressing OS cells exhibited suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion and enhanced apoptosis.

Conclusion

SLC25A4 was found to be significantly downregulated in OS patients, which was associated with poor prognosis. Modulation of SLC25A4 expression levels may be beneficial in OS treatment.
Integrative analysis of blood transcriptome profiles in small-cell lung cancer patients for identification of novel chemotherapy resistance-related biomarkers
Authors: Yang Fang , Fan Jinhua , Yang Runxiang , Cun Yupeng
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Chemoresistance constitutes a prevalent factor that significantly impacts thesurvival of patients undergoing treatment for smal-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Chemotherapy resistance in SCLC patients is generally classified as primary or acquired resistance, each governedby distinct mechanisms that remain inadequately researched.

Methods

In this study, we performed transcriptome screening of peripheral blood plasma obtainedfrom 17 patients before and after receiving combined etoposide and platinum treatment. We firs testimated pseudo-single-cell analysis using xCell and ESTIMATE and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), then performed network analysis to discover key hub genes involved in chemotherapy resistance.

Results

Our analysis showed a significant increase in class-switched memory B cell scores acrossboth chemotherapy resistance patterns, indicating their potential crucial role in mediatingresistance. Moreover, network analysis identifed PRICKLE3, TNFSFI0, ACSLl and EP300 as potential contributors to primary resistance, with SNWl, SENP2 and SMNDCl emerging assignificant factors in acquired resistance, providing valuable insights into chemotherapy resistancein SCLC.

Discussion

These findings offer valuable insights for understanding chemotherapy resistance and related gene signatures in SCLC, which could help further biological validation studies.
Seasonal and interannual variabilities of the thermal front east of Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Zhang Lin , Sun Ruili , Li Peiliang , Ye Guanqiong
Published: June 2024

Based on satellite-observed and reanalysis data, this study investigates a thermal front east of the Gulf of Thailand (TFEGT) during the winter from 1982 to 2021. TFEGT exhibits distinct seasonal and interannual variation, emerging in December, peaking in February, gradually diminishing in March, and completely dissipating in April. Notably, the occurrence probability, area, and intensity of the thermal front are significantly higher in January and February compared with December and March. Through the application of a mixed temperature equation, we identify that geostrophic advection, driven by wind-induced western boundary current in the South China Sea (SCS), plays a crucial role in the formation of the TFEGT. In winter, the prevailing northeast monsoon propels the western boundary current through wind stress curl, causing the southward transport of cold water from north to south. This cold water encountered warm water within the Gulf of Thailand (GoT), leading to the formation of TFEGT. Furthermore, the interannual variation of TFEGT is closely associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In El Niño (La Niña) years, the northeast monsoon weakens (enhances), resulting in a weaker (stronger) western boundary current, ultimately influencing the weakening (enhancement) of TFEGT.
Long-lasting improvements in episodic memory among subjects with mild cognitive impairment who received transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive treatment and telerehabilitation: a multicentre, randomized, active-controlled study
Authors: Manenti Rosa , Baglio Francesca , Pagnoni Ilaria , Gobbi Elena , Campana Elena , Alaimo Cristina , Rossetto Federica , Di Tella Sonia , Pagliari Chiara , Geviti Andrea , Bonfiglio Natale Salvatore , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Cimino Vincenzo , Binetti Giuliano , Quartarone Angelo , Bramanti Placido , Cappa Stefano F. , Rossini Paolo Maria , Cotelli Maria
Published: June 2024

Background

In recent years, an increasing number of studies have examined the potential efficacy of cognitive training procedures in individuals with normal ageing and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Objective

The aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the efficacy of the cognitive Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System (VRRS) combined with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to placebo tDCS stimulation combined with VRRS and (ii) to determine how to prolong the beneficial effects of the treatment. A total of 109 subjects with MCI were assigned to 1 of 5 study groups in a randomized controlled trial design: (a) face-to-face (FTF) VRRS during anodal tDCS followed by cognitive telerehabilitation (TR) (clinic-atDCS-VRRS+Tele@H-VRRS); (b) FTF VRRS during placebo tDCS followed by TR (clinic-ptDCS-VRRS+Tele@H-VRRS); (c) FTF VRRS followed by cognitive TR (clinic-VRRS+Tele@H-VRRS); (d) FTF VRRS followed by at-home unstructured cognitive stimulation (clinic-VRRS+@H-UCS); and (e) FTF cognitive treatment as usual (clinic-TAU).

Results

An improvement in episodic memory was observed after the end of clinic-atDCS-VRRS (p < 0.001). We found no enhancement in episodic memory after clinic-ptDCS-VRRS or after clinic-TAU.

Moreover, the combined treatment led to prolonged beneficial effects (clinic-atDCS-VRRS+Tele@H-VRRS vs. clinic-ptDCS-VRRS+Tele@H-VRRS: p = 0.047; clinic-atDCS-VRRS+Tele@H-VRRS vs. clinic-VRRS+Tele@H-VRRS: p = 0.06).

Discussion

The present study provides preliminary evidence supporting the use of individualized VRRS combined with anodal tDCS and cognitive telerehabilitation for cognitive rehabilitation.

Clinical trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03486704?term=NCT03486704&rank=1, NCT03486704.
Microglial Piezo1 mechanosensitive channel as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ikiz Erol D. , Hascup Erin R. , Bae Chilman , Hascup Kevin N.
Published: June 2024

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that control brain development, maintain neural environments, respond to injuries, and regulate neuroinflammation. Despite their significant impact on various physiological and pathological processes across mammalian biology, there remains a notable gap in our understanding of how microglia perceive and transmit mechanical signals in both normal and diseased states. Recent studies have revealed that microglia possess the ability to detect changes in the mechanical properties of their environment, such as alterations in stiffness or pressure. These changes may occur during development, aging, or in pathological conditions such as trauma or neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss microglial Piezo1 mechanosensitive channels as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The structure, function, and modulation of Piezo1 will be discussed, as well as its role in facilitating microglial clearance of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins implicated in the pathology of AD.
A novel approach to treating post-stroke depression: administration of Botulinum Toxin A via local facial injection
Authors: Feng Xiao-Yan , Shen Ting-Ting , Wu Qian-Chang , Wang Jun , Ni Ping , Liu Jing , Zhou Xu-Ping , Hu Hua , Luo Wei-Feng
Published: June 2024

Background

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a frequent complication following a stroke, characterized by prolonged feelings of sadness and loss of interest, which can significantly impede stroke rehabilitation, increase disability, and raise mortality rates. Traditional antidepressants often have significant side effects and poor patient adherence, necessitating the exploration of more suitable treatments for PSD. Previous researchers and our research team have discovered that Botulinum Toxin A (BoNT-A) exhibits antidepressant effects. Therefore, our objective was to assess the efficacy and side effects of BoNT-A treatment in patients with PSD.

Methods

A total of 71 stroke patients meeting the inclusion criteria were allocated to the two group. 2 cases were excluded due to severe neurological dysfunction that prevented cooperation and 4 cases were lost follow-up. Ultimately, number of participants in the BoNT-A group (n = 32) and Sertraline group (n = 33). Treatment efficacy was evaluated 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-treatment.

Results

There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups (p > 0.05). Both groups exhibited comparable treatment efficacy, with fewer side effects observed in the BoNT-A group compared to the Sertraline group. BoNT-A therapy demonstrated significant effects as early as the first week (p < 0.05), and by the 12th week, there was a notable decrease in neuropsychological scores, significantly lower than the baseline level. The analysis revealed significant differences in measurements of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) (F(770) = 12.547, p = 0.000), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) (F(951) = 10.422, p = 0.000), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) (F(1385) = 10.607, p = 0.000), and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) (F(1482) = 11.491, p = 0.000).

Conclusion

BoNT-A treatment effectively reduces depression symptoms in patients with PSD on a continuous basis.
Application of novel non-invasive ophthalmic imaging to visualize peripapillary wrinkles, retinal folds and peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures associated with elevated intracranial pressure
Authors: Graven-Nielsen Michaela , Dubra Alfredo , Dodd Robert L. , Hamann Steffen , Moss Heather E.
Published: June 2024

Background

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, for which clinically useful non-invasive measures have been elusive, in some cases due to their inadequate sensitivity and specificity. Our aim was to evaluate novel non-invasive ophthalmic imaging of selected pathological features seen in elevated ICP, namely peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS), peripapillary wrinkles (PPW) and retinal folds (RF) as potential biomarkers of elevated ICP.

Methods

This single-center pilot study included subjects with untreated or incompletely treated high ICP. The retinas of these subjects were evaluated with averaged en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT retinal cross-sections (OCT B-scans), adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO), and fundus photos.

Results

Seven subjects were included in the study. 6 subjects with high ICP (5 idiopathic intracranial hypertension, 1 medication induced, 30.8 ± 8.6 years, 75% female, 5 with papilledema) and 1 control (20–25 years) were included. PHOMS, PPW and RF were present in all subjects with papilledema, but neither in the high ICP subject without papilledema nor in the control subject. Averaged en-face OCT scans and AOSLO were more sensitive for PPW and RF than OCT B-scans and commercial fundus photos.

Conclusion

PPW, RF and PHOMS volume have potential as non-invasive biomarkers of ICP. Novel imaging modalities may improve sensitivity. However, lack of automated image acquisition and processing limits current widespread adoption in clinical settings. Further research is needed to validate these structures as biomarkers for elevated ICP and improve clinical utility.
A lightweight network architecture for traffic sign recognition based on enhanced LeNet-5 network
Authors: An Yuan , Yang Chunyu , Zhang Shuo
Published: June 2024

As an important part of the unmanned driving system, the detection and recognition of traffic sign need to have the characteristics of excellent recognition accuracy, fast execution speed and easy deployment. Researchers have applied the techniques of machine learning, deep learning and image processing to traffic sign recognition successfully. Considering the hardware conditions of the terminal equipment in the unmanned driving system, in this research work, the goal was to achieve a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that is lightweight and easily implemented for an embedded application and with excellent recognition accuracy and execution speed. As a classical CNN architecture, LeNet-5 network model was chosen to be improved, including image preprocessing, improving spatial pool convolutional neural network, optimizing neurons, optimizing activation function, etc. The test experiment of the improved network architecture was carried out on German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) database. The experimental results show that the improved network architecture can obtain higher recognition accuracy in a short interference time, and the algorithm loss is significantly reduced with the progress of training. At the same time, compared with other lightweight network models, this network architecture gives a good recognition result, with a recognition accuracy of 97.53%. The network structure is simple, the algorithm complexity is low, and it is suitable for all kinds of terminal equipment, which can have a wider application in unmanned driving system.
Ectopic parathyroid adenoma on sternocleidomastoid muscle: a case report
Authors: Shan HuiMin , Jiang ZhenPeng , Xu Jin , Li JingFa , Zhu XuSheng
Published: June 2024

A 54-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a left neck mass. Enhanced CT and ultrasound examinations revealed a lesion in the left sternocleidomastoid muscle. The patient undergone right thyroid lobe resection 8 years ago. Interestingly, the lesion on the sternocleidomastoid muscle, along with the left lobe of the patient’s thyroid, visually appears to form a displaced and complete thyroid in the early Tc-99m-MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy. Combined with Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy and abnormal PTH and blood calcium levels, the consideration was given to the lesion in the sternocleidomastoid muscle as an ectopic parathyroid adenoma. Subsequent surgical pathology confirmed this suspicion.
Identification of anoikis-related gene signatures and construction of the prognosis model in prostate cancer
Authors: Kang Wanying , Ye Chen , Yang Yunyun , Lou Yan-Ru , Zhao Mingyi , Wang Zhuo , Gao Yuan
Published: June 2024

Background

One of the primary reasons for tumor invasion and metastasis is anoikis resistance. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) serves as a harbinger of its distant metastasis. However, the role of anoikis in PCa biochemical recurrence has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

Differential expression analysis was used to identify anoikis-related genes based on the TCGA and GeneCards databases. Prognostic models were constructed utilizing LASSO regression, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Moreover, Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (GSE70770 and GSE46602) were applied as validation cohorts. Gene Ontology, KEGG and GSVA were utilized to explore biological pathways and molecular mechanisms. Further, immune profiles were assessed using CIBERSORT, ssGSEA, and TIDE, while anti-cancer drugs sensitivity was analyzed by GDSC database. In addition, gene expressions in the model were examined using online databases (Human Protein Atlas and Tumor Immune Single-Cell Hub).

Results

113 differentially expressed anoikis-related genes were found. Four genes (EEF1A2, RET, FOSL1, PCA3) were selected for constructing a prognostic model. Using the findings from the Cox regression analysis, we grouped patients into groups of high and low risk. The high-risk group exhibited a poorer prognosis, with a maximum AUC of 0.897. Moreover, larger percentage of immune infiltration of memory B cells, CD8 Tcells, neutrophils, and M1 macrophages were observed in the high-risk group than those in the low-risk group, whereas the percentage of activated mast cells and dendritic cells in the high-risk group were lower. An increased TIDE score was founded in the high-risk group, suggesting reduced effectiveness of ICI therapy. Additionally, the IC50 results for chemotherapy drugs indicated that the low-risk group was more sensitive to most of the drugs. Finally, the genes EEF1A2, RET, and FOSL1 were expressed in PCa cases based on HPA website. The TISCH database suggested that these four ARGs might contribute to the tumor microenvironment of PCa.

Conclusion

We created a risk model utilizing four ARGs that effectively predicts the risk of BCR in PCa patients. This study lays the groundwork for risk stratification and predicting survival outcomes in PCa patients with BCR.
Unveiling the “hidden quality” of the walnut pellicle: a precious source of bioactive lipids
Authors: Abbattista Ramona , Feinberg Noah G. , Snodgrass Isabel F. , Newman John W. , Dandekar Abhaya M.
Published: June 2024

Tree nut consumption has been widely associated with various health benefits, with walnuts, in particular, being linked with improved cardiovascular and neurological health. These benefits have been attributed to walnuts’ vast array of phenolic antioxidants and abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, recent studies have revealed unexpected clinical outcomes related to walnut consumption, which cannot be explained simply with the aforementioned molecular hallmarks. With the goal of discovering potential molecular sources of these unexplained clinical outcomes, an exploratory untargeted metabolomics analysis of the isolated walnut pellicle was conducted. This analysis revealed a myriad of unusual lipids, including oxylipins and endocannabinoids. These lipid classes, which are likely present in the pellicle to enhance the seeds’ defenses due to their antimicrobial properties, also have known potent bioactivities as mammalian signaling molecules and homeostatic regulators. Given the potential value of this tissue for human health, with respect to its “bioactive” lipid fraction, we sought to quantify the amounts of these compounds in pellicle-enriched waste by-products of mechanized walnut processing in California. An impressive repertoire of these compounds was revealed in these matrices, and in notably significant concentrations. This discovery establishes these low-value agriculture wastes promising candidates for valorization and translation into high-value, health-promoting products; as these molecules represent a potential explanation for the unexpected clinical outcomes of walnut consumption. This “hidden quality” of the walnut pellicle may encourage further consumption of walnuts, and walnut industries may benefit from a revaluation of abundant pellicle-enriched waste streams, leading to increased sustainability and profitability through waste upcycling.
Effects of artificial management on culm properties of Dendrocalamus brandisii
Authors: Yan Yingdan , Yang Chuanfei , Wu Yufang , Liu Jiaxin , Wang Shuguang
Published: June 2024

The artificial cultivation and management were extensively carried out in Dendrocalamus brandisii stands. However, the influences of artificial management on the anatomical and chemical characteristics of the bamboo culms were unknown. In this study, the fiber morphology, chemical composition and sugar accumulation of the D. brandisii culms with management and without management were compared in order to determine the influences of artificial management on bamboo culms. The results indicated that artificial management had a significant influence on the fiber morphology, resulting in shorter fiber length, larger L/T ratio, and smaller W/Lu value. However, the management not only increased the contents of moisture, ash, SiO2, and extractive, but also increased the holocellulose contents and decreased the lignin contents, as compared to those without management. Moreover, the management significantly increased the endogenous carbohydrates storage in the culms so as to improve the shoot production. The bamboos under management conditions could still be utilized as a raw material for papermaking. This provided a theoretical basis for the artificial management of D. brandisii stands.
Unraveling the impact of water deficit stress on nutritional quality and defense response of tomato genotypes
Authors: Wadood Ayesha , Hameed Amjad , Akram Saba , Ghaffar Maria
Published: June 2024

Water deficit stress triggers various physiological and biochemical changes in plants, substantially affecting both overall plant defense response and thus nutritional quality of tomatoes. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant defense response and nutritional quality of different tomato genotypes under water deficit stress. In this study, six tomato genotypes were used and subjected to water deficit stress by withholding water for eight days under glass house conditions. Various physiological parameters from leaves and biochemical parameters from tomato fruits were measured to check the effect of antioxidant defense response and nutritional value. Multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) was used for the selection of genotypes with improved defense response and nutritional value under water deficit stress condition. Results indicated that all physiological parameters declined under stress conditions compared to the control. Notably, NBH-362 demonstrated resilience to water deficit stress, improving both defense response and nutritional quality which is evident by an increase in proline (16.91%), reducing sugars (20.15%), total flavonoids (10.43%), superoxide dismutase (24.65%), peroxidase (14.7%), and total antioxidant capacity (29.9%), along with a decrease in total oxidant status (4.38%) under stress condition. Overall, the findings suggest that exposure to water deficit stress has the potential to enhance the nutritional quality of tomatoes. However, the degree of this enhancement is contingent upon the distinct genetic characteristics of various tomato genotypes. Furthermore, the promising genotype (NBH-362) identified in this study holds potential for future utilization in breeding programs.
Exploring the recycled water acceptance based on the technological perspective of UTAUT2: a hybrid analytical approach
Authors: Xu Xiao-Yu , Hu Yi-Bo , Gao Ya-Xuan , Jia Qing-Dan
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The development of advanced sewage technologies empowers the industry to produce high-quality recycled water, which greatly influences human’s life and health. Thus, this study investigates the mechanism of individuals’ adoption of recycled water from the technology adoption perspective.

Methods

Employing the mixed method of structural equation modeling and artificial neural network analysis, we examined a research model developed from the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) framework. To examine the research model, this study employs a leading web-survey company (Sojump) to collect 308 valid samples from the residents in mainland China.

Results

The structural equation modeling results verified the associations between the six predictors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, environmental motivation, and price value), individuals’ cognitive and emotional attitudes, and acceptance intention. The artificial neural network analysis validates and complements the structural equation modeling results by unveiling the importance rank of the significant determinants of the acceptance decisions.

Discussion

The study provides theoretical implications for recycled water research and useful insights for practitioners and policymakers to reduce the environmental hazards of water scarcity.
Drug–drug interaction and initial dosage optimization of aripiprazole in patients with schizophrenia based on population pharmacokinetics
Authors: Zhang Cun , Jiang Lei , Hu Ke , Zhang Yi-Jia , Han Jing , Chen Jin , Bulubu  , Dong Boling , Shi Hao-Zhe , He Su-Mei , Yu Ting-Ting , Chen Xiao , Wang Dong-Dong
Published: June 2024

Background

The present study aimed to investigate the drug–drug interaction and initial dosage optimization of aripiprazole in patients with schizophrenia based on population pharmacokinetics.

Research design and methods

A total of 119 patients with schizophrenia treated with aripiprazole were included to build an aripiprazole population pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed effects.

Results

The weight and concomitant medication of fluoxetine influenced aripiprazole clearance. Under the same weight, the aripiprazole clearance rates were 0.714:1 in patients with or without fluoxetine, respectively. In addition, without fluoxetine, for the once-daily aripiprazole regimen, dosages of 0.3 and 0.2 mg kg−1 day−1 were recommended for patients with schizophrenia weighing 40–95 and 95–120 kg, respectively, while for the twice-daily aripiprazole regimen, 0.3 mg kg−1 day−1 was recommended for those weighing 40–120 kg. With fluoxetine, for the once-daily aripiprazole regimen, a dosage of 0.2 mg kg−1 day−1 was recommended for patients with schizophrenia weighing 40–120 kg, while for the twice-daily aripiprazole regimen, 0.3 and 0.2 mg kg−1 day−1 were recommended for those weighing 40–60 and 60–120 kg, respectively.

Conclusion

This is the first investigation of the effects of fluoxetine on aripiprazole via drug–drug interaction. The optimal aripiprazole initial dosage is recommended in patients with schizophrenia.