bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of weight-adjusted dose versus fixed dose ondansetron in preventing shivering following spinal anaesthesia for caesarean deliveries
Authors: Gicheru Moses , Mung’ayi Vitalis , Mir Samina , Kabugi Jimmie
Published: October 2020

Background: Spinal anaesthesia is an effective regional anaesthesia technique, which is preferred in almost 86% of caesarean sections in the United States and United Kingdom. Eighty percent of caesarean sections done at the Aga Khan University hospital are under spinal anaesthesia. Shivering is a common complication of spinal anaesthesia, it occurs in 40%-64% of patients after neuraxial anaesthesia. Shivering may cause maternal and fetal hypoxemia, maternal discomfort and a problem to the anaesthesiologists when it comes to monitoring the patient during caesarean sections. Ondansetron a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is effective in treatment and prevention of post-spinal anesthesia shivering. In published studies, use of a fixed dose in patients with different weights, masked the dose effect ondansetron in preventing shivering, such that not adjusting the dose according to the weight of patients’ resulted in a higher occurrence of shivering. No study has compared different doses of ondansetron in preventing shivering in parturient women who have had spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section.Objectives: To determine if a weight-adjusted dose is better than a fixed dose of ondansetron in preventing shivering following spinal anesthesia for caesarean delivery.Method: This was a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial of 124 women scheduled for elective caesarean surgery. The women were randomized into two equal groups. The intervention group received intravenous ondansetron weight adjusted dosing at 0.1mg/kg and the control group received a fixed dose of 4mg before spinal anesthesia. The occurrence and severity of shivering and other outcomes, such as headache, pruritus were assessed and recorded during the surgery and post-operative period. Results: A total of 124 patients were included in the study. Social demographic data and baseline vital signs did not differ significantly between the groups. Shivering was observed in 14 patients (22.6%) in the control group that received 4mg ondansetron and 7 patients (11.3%) in the intervention group that had 0.1mg/kg of ondansetron, but there was no statistical difference between the groups (p- value 0.090). The severity of shivering was greater in the control group compared to intervention group where patients who developed grade two shivering were 8.1% to 0% respectively. (P value 0.047).There was no difference in the occurrence of pruritus between the two groups. No patient required treatment for very severe shivering.Conclusion: This study, found that ondansetron weight adjusted dose at 0.1mg/kg, reduced the severity of shivering when compared to a fixed dose ondansetron at 4mg.Keywords: Weight-adjusted dose,fixed dose ondansetron, shivering, spinal anaesthesia, caesarean deliveries.
Indonesia basic health survey: self-medication profile for diarrhea with traditional medicine
Authors: Isnawati Ani , Gitawati Retno , Raini Mariana , Alegantina Sukmayati , Setiawaty Vivi
Published: October 2020

Background: In Indonesia, diarrhea is an endemic disease and often leads fatal and an outbreak potential. Diarrhea can occur for several days and often can be cured without any medication. Commonly, to treat diarrhea atthe first time is by doing self-medication. Basic health survey data in 2013 showed that 15.7% of Indonesian people kept and used traditional medicines (TM). Objective: This study was conducted to find out the characteristic of Indonesian people do for diarrhea self-medication. Method: We analyzes household data cross-sectionally from the 2013 basic health survey in 33 provinces and 497 cities in Indonesian. Data analysis included household characteristics, economic status, education, information of getting and keeping the TM, and status of the TM kept in households. Result: The result showed 89% of households store traditional medicines. Traditional diarrhea medicines were stored by 66.54% households in the urban, and were mostly obtained from traditional medicine store, stored for supply 55.86%, and used only if needed 50.65%. Conclusion: The study concluded that mostly people preferred to keep and use traditional Indonesian medicine produced by the TM national industry rather than others. Duration of use for self-medication in most of the households is thought to be appropriate.Keywords: Traditional medicine, diarrhea, self-medication.
Chronic HIV infection and health related quality of life in resource poor settings-an assessment from South East Nigeria
Authors: Laura Onyekonwu Chinwe , Chinyelu Onyeka Tonia , Chidimma Brenda Nwatu , Nkemdilim Ijoma Uchenna , Nneka Unaogu Ngozichukwu , Obinwanne Onwuekwe Ikenna , Ugwumba Fred , Rhoda Nwutobo Chidimma , Victoria Nwachukwu Chioma
Published: October 2020

Background: Health-related quality of life reflects a patient’s general subjective perception of the effect of an illness or in- tervention on physical, psychological and social aspects of daily life. HIV infection is a major public health problem especially in developing countries where poor health infrastructure and poverty are prevalent. This paper addresses the quality of life in patients with chronic HIV infection in South East Nigeria and addresses issues that may help improve the current situation.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, to assess patients with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) using a validated structured questionnaire (WHOQoL-BREF). Ethical clearance for the study was obtained. Study period was from October - December, 2017. Data obtained was analysed.

Results: A total of 389 HIV patients consented to the study. Over 70% were aged 18- 45 years and majority were females. Females had a higher quality of life score with respect to the domain of psychological health while males had a higher score with respect to the environmental domain. Older age and presence of co-morbidities were significantly associated with affectation of physical health while younger age was associated with affectation of psychological health domain.

Conclusion: HIV impairs the quality of life for affected individuals in South East Nigeria especially across the domains of physical and psychological health. No age group is spared. The presence of co-morbidities significantly reduces quality of life in these patients. Younger patients may require mental health services in the management of their disease.

Keywords: HIV; quality of life; South East Nigeria.
Distribution of genes encoding adhesins and biofilm formation capacity among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in relation to the antimicrobial resistance
Authors: A Kadry Ashraf , M Al-Kashef Nour , M El-Ganiny Amira
Published: October 2020

Background: Escherichia coli is the most predominant pathogen involved in UTIs. Mainly, fimbrial surface appendages are impli- cated in adherence to urothelium besides non-fimbrial proteins.

Objectives: To determine prevalence of genes encoding fimbrial and non-fimbrial proteins among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Furthermore, distribution of these genes and biofilm formation capacity were investigated in relation to antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility of 112 UPEC isolates was performed using disc diffusion method. ESBL production was confirmed by double disc synergy test. Genes encoding fimbrial and non-fimbrial proteins were detected using PCR and biofilm formation was investigated using microtitre plate assay.

Results: UPEC isolates exhibited high resistance against doxycyclines (88.39 %), β-lactams (7.14-86.6%), sulphamethoxaz- ole–trimethoprim (53.75%) and fluoro-quinolones (50%). Fifty percent of tested isolates were ESBL producers. PapGII gene was statistically more prevalent among pyelonephritis isolates. SfaS, focG and picU genes were statistically associated with flu- oro-quinolone (FQs) sensitive isolates and Dr/afaBC gene was statistically associated with ESBL production. Moreover, non- MDR isolates produced sturdier biofilm.

Conclusion: PapGII adhesin variant seems to have a critical role in colonization of upper urinary tract. There is a possible link between antimicrobial resistance and virulence being capable of affecting the distribution of some genes besides its negative impact on biofilm formation.

Keywords: Urinary tract infection; Escherichia coli; UPEC; adhesin genes; ESBL; biofilm.
Influence of gender on the distribution of type 2 diabetic complications at the obafemi awolowo teaching hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Enikuomehin Adenike , A Kolawole Babatope , D Soyoye Olubukunmi , O Adebayo Joseph , T Ikem Rosemary
Published: October 2020

Background: Sex specific differences appear particularly relevant in the management of type 2 DM.

Objective: We determined gender specific differences in cardio-metabolic risk, microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Four hundred type 2 diabetes patients, males and females, matched for age and disease duration were recruited from the diabetes clinic. Relevant clinical and laboratory information were obtained or performed.

Results: 190(47.5%) were male and 210 (52.5%) were female respectively. The mean age of the study population was 60.6 + 9.93 years. Women had higher prevalence of hypertension (and obesity. Mean total cholesterol was significantly higher in women but men were more likely to achieve LDL treatment goals than women (69.5% vs 59.0%, p<0.05). More women (47.1% & 31.4%) reached glycaemic goals of <10mmol/l for 2HPP and HBA1c of <7.0%. There were no gender differences in the distribution of microvascular and macrovascular complications (p>0.05) but women were more likely to develop moderate and severe diabetic retinopathy (p= 0.027).

Conclusion: Women with T2DM had worse cardiometabolic risk profile with regards to hypertension, obesity and lipid goals. Men achieved therapeutic goals less frequently than did women in terms of glycaemia. Microvascular and macrovascular com- plications occurred commonly in both sexes.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; gender; microvascular; macrovascular complication; cardiometabolic risks; glycaemic control.
Acute peritoneal dialysis in children with acute kidney injury at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria: a report of 12 months experience in a developing country
Authors: A Anigilaje Emmanuel , P Fashie Andrew , Odeyemi Babatunde , Yakubu Alfa
Published: October 2020

Background: Acute peritoneal dialysis (APD) is becoming a common modality of renal support in children with acute kidney injury (AKI) in developing countries.

Objectives: To describe the details of APD among children with AKI at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria

Methods: A retrospective review of children with AKI that had manual APD with an improvised nasogastric tubes from Jan- uary to December 2017

Results: Forty-three AKI cases were managed in the study period out of which 19 were treated with APD (dialysis access rate of 100%). Ten (52.6%) were males. Causes of AKI included sepsis in 9 (47.3%), hypovolaemia from diarrhoea in 4 (21.1%), acute glomerulonephritis in 3 (15.8%) and acute tubular necrosis from severe malaria fever in 3 (15.8%). Their ages ranged from 1 month to 72 months with a mean age of 30.9 months and a mean weight of 10.9 kilograms. Peri-catheter leakages (9, 47%), outflow obstruction (6, 31.6%), peritonitis (5, 26.3%), hyperglycaemia (4, 21.1%) and hypokalaemia (4, 21.1%) were the complications seen. Klebsiella species (4) and Staphylococcus aureus (1) were the bacteria isolated. Five of the 19 children died giving a mortality rate of 26.3%.

Conclusion: APD remains a lifesaving, cheap and affordable mode of renal replacement therapy in a developing country like Nigeria. Fortunately, complications from APD are also manageable and they should not discourage its use.

Keywords: Manual acute peritoneal dialysis; improvised acute peritoneal catheter; resource constrained setting.
Out-patient visits for gastrointestinal cancer at a quaternary South African hospital–trends and geospatial distribution
Authors: Moodley Yoshan , Madiba Thandinkosi
Published: October 2020

Background: This study sought to determine trends in out-patient visits for gastrointestinal cancer (GC) at a quaternary hospi- tal in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa; and identify geographical regions which contribute most to GC-related out-patient clinic utilization at this hospital.

Method: Data for GC-related outpatient visits over an 11-year period was obtained from the hospital’s administrative database. Trends were analyzed using simple regression and trend line analyses. Patient residential postal codes from the administrative database were used to determine the geospatial distribution of complex GC in KZN.

Results: Strong increasing trends in GC-related out-patient visits were noted for age >65 years old (R2=0.8014), male (R2=0.7020), female (R2=0.7292), lower GC (R2=0.7094), and rural residence (R2=0.7008). Moderate increasing trends in GC-related out-pa- tient visits were noted for age ≤65 years old (R2=0.6556), upper GC (R2=0.6498), and urban residence (R2=0.6988). The mag- nitude at which the number of out-patient visits increased was greater for urban residence when compared with rural residence (p=0.006). Urban centers and some regions along the North and South coast of KZN contributed the most toward GC-related out-patient visits.

Conclusion: Out-patient visits for complex GC in KZN are increasing. Several regions have been identified for anti-cancer interventions and decentralized out-patient services.

Keywords: Gastrointestinal cancer; out-patient visits; quaternary hospital; South Africa.
Periodontal and dental conditions of a school population in a volcanic region of Tanzania with highly fluoridated community drinking water
Authors: Miranda-Rius Jaume , Brunet-Llobet Lluís , Lahor-Soler Eduard , Mrina Ombeni , I Mashala Elias , J Mahande Michael
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Dental fluorosis is endemic in the Rift Valley in Africa, especially around volcanic areas, due to the high fluoride content in daily drinking water.

Objective: This study evaluates the oral health status and types of occlusion in a school population, and to assess the possible association between dental fluorosis and other pathologies such as decay, gingivitis and periodontitis.

Material and methods: An observational study of 581 individuals recruited from a public secondary school in Arusha, North- ern Tanzania was undertaken. The indices used were: the Silness & Löe Plaque Index, the Community Periodontal Index and the Decayed/Missing/Filled index. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed and a chi-square test was used to assess the associations between independent variables.

Results: Almost all the school children evaluated (96.73%) presented Angle class I dental occlusion, and 75.22% presented some degree of dental fluorosis. Most of the population (511, 87.95%) showed bleeding on probing. A moderate/high degree of some dental pathology (DMF score) was recorded in 14.46%. The association between dental fluorosis, gingival bleeding and tooth decay indicated a higher concentration of pathology in groups with more severe fluorosis (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In this large population sample, both tooth decay and gingivitis were significantly associated with moderate or severe dental fluorosis.

Keywords: Dental fluorosis; caries; periodontal disease; occlusion; community water fluoridation; socio-economic status.
The effects of different degrees of head-of-bed elevation on the respiratory pattern and drainage following thyroidectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yüksel Serpil , Deniz Öztekin Seher , Temiz Zeynep , Altun Uğraş Gülay , Şengül Emel , Teksöz Serkan , Sunal Nihal , Öztekin İlhan , Göksoy Ertuğrul
Published: October 2020

Background: The patient’s position is important for ensuring patient comfort and preventing complications after thyroidectomy.

Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the effects of different degrees of head-of-bed elevation (HOBE) on the respiratory pattern and drainage following thyroidectomy and to provide suggestions for evidence-based clinical practice.

Methods: The sample of this prospective, parallel arm, randomized controlled trial included 114 patients undergoing thyroidec- tomy in a university hospital in Turkey. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to supine 0° (baseline), 30° and 45° HOBE groups. Respiratory pattern including respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and dyspnea, and drainage including amount of drainage and hematoma formation were evaluated at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th hours following thy- roidectomy.

Results: The majority of the patients (83.3%) were female and 84.2% had undergone total thyroidectomy. The mean RR (18.47, 95% CI=17.85-19.09) of the patients in the supine 30° HOBE group at the 1st hour was significantly higher than that of the patients in the supine 0° group (17.32, 95% CI=16.88-17.76; p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the SpO2 values of the patients in the groups (p>0.05). The amount of drainage was significantly higher in the supine 0° group at the 2nd hour than that of the patients in the supine 45° HOBE group (5.92±5.18; 3.34±5.56 respectively; p<0.05). None of the patients in the groups had hematoma formation. While no patient in the supine 30° HOBE group had dyspnea, dyspnea occurred in 9 patients in the supine 0° group and in 3 patients in the supine 45° HOBE group.

Conclusion: This study showed that different HOBE positions resulted in clinically insignificant changes on the RR and amount of drainage during the first 4 hours following thyroidectomy but did not affect SpO2 value.

Keywords: Head-of-bed elevation; thyroidectomy; controlled trial.
Visual impairment and associated factors among primary school children in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Garedew Woldeamanuel Gashaw , Derese Biru Mohammed , Gensa Geta Teshome , Abera Areru Birhan
Published: October 2020

Background: Visual impairment is one of the major public health problems worldwide, especially in developing countries.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of visual impairment and its associated factors among school children in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in eight primary schools of Gurage Zone. A total of 1064 pupils, of whom589 boys and 475 girls were selected using multistage sampling technique. Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were collected using structured questionnaires and visual acuity was measured using Snellen’s chart. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors of visual impairment.

Results: The prevalence of visual impairment was 5.2%. Factors significantly associated with visual impairment were age group of 13-18 years (AOR = 9.44, 95% CI = 3.83 – 23.25), school grade level of 5- 8 (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.23 – 7.17), rural residents (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.22 – 5.54), family’s monthly income of less than 2000 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.08 – 7.61) and visually impaired parents (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.06 – 4.39).

Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of visual impairment was 5.2%.

Keywords: Visual impairment; primary school children; Gurage Zone; Southern Ethiopia.
Letter to the editor: A discrepancy between methods and the interpretation of results: a comment on Umar et al’s paper: Real time sonography as an anatomy teaching aid in undergraduate radiography institutions in Northern Nigeria
Authors: McKillup Steve
Published: October 2020

NIL.
A Comparison of the Digestibility of Two Complete Rations Containing Either Raw or Alkali-Treated Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Randel Paul F.
Published: October 2020

Two successive digestibility trials were conducted employing four Holstein steers and 8-day total fecal collection periods. Both rations studied had the same basic formula, differing only in that one contained raw bagasse, and the other, bagasse treated in a 2-percent NaOH solution. Feed intakes were restricted to 97 g. (about 83 g. of DM) per kg. of metabolic body weight. The mean apparent digestion coefficients determined in the treated-bagasse and raw-bagasse rations, respectively, were as follows: DM, 68.6 and 55.7; OM, 76.1 and 62.0; CP, 79.6 and 71.0; EE, 86.4 and 83.0; CF, 67.9 and 37.5; NFE, 77.6 and 64.6; TDN, 67.4 and 55.8; and calories, 74.0 and 58.9. The former ration contained 2.78 and the latter 2.27 Meal, of DE per kg. of DM. Excluding EE, all of these mean differences between rations were statistically significant; those for OM, CF, TDN and calories at P < .01, and those for DM, CP, NFE and DE at P < .05. Single samples of alkali-treated and raw bagasse were found to contain the following percentages: neutral-detergent fiber, 93.2 and 84.2; acid-detergent fiber, 75.6 and 58.0; lignin, 12.0 and 11.3; silica, 0.6 and 5.4; and in vitro DM digestibility, 51.1 and 31.9. The latter criterion was found to be 66.1 and 52.0 in single samples of the complete rations containing treated and raw bagasse, respectively.
EFFECTS OF MANGANESE DEFICIENCY ON LEAF CHLOROPHYLL AND CERTAIN ENZYMES IN SUGARCANE RAISED IN SAND CULTURE
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Alexander Alex G.
Published: October 2020

EFFECTS OF MANGANESE DEFICIENCY ON LEAF CHLOROPHYLL AND CERTAIN ENZYMES IN SUGARCANE RAISED IN SAND CULTURE
Lye Peeling of Citron (Citrus medica L.)
Authors: Cancel L. E. , Rivera-Ortiz José M. , De Montalvo Milagros R.
Published: October 2020

Peeling of citron (Citrus medica L.) by means of boiling lye-solutions was investigated. Good peeling resulted without need for hand-trimming when mature green citrons were subjected to any of the following: 6 minutes in a 10-percent, 5 minutes in a 15-percent, 3 minutes in a 20-percent, and 2 minutes in a 25-percent boiling lye solution. The average weight loss as peel under each of the above treatments was 19.4-, 19.0-, 19.6-, and 17.5- percent, respectively. For an acceptable operation tolerating some peel tissue remaining in the final product, the exposure/concentration ratio can be 5 minutes in 10-percent, 4 minutes in 15-percent, 2 minutes in 20-percent, and 1 minute in 25-percent boiling lye solution, with a corresponding increase in pulp yield which varied from 2.7 to 6.7 percent in these experiments. An increase in the time of exposure to lye-solutions increased the pH and decreased titrable acidity and color. No relationship was found between weight of fruit and volume of lye-solution necessary for good peeling. Citrons are peeled adequately when the solution or its foam makes contact with the fruit during treatment.
SUGAR LOSSES DURING THE POSTHARVEST WASHING OF SUGARCANE
Authors: Montalvo-Zapata Rafael , Alexander Alex G.
Published: October 2020

SUGAR LOSSES DURING THE POSTHARVEST WASHING OF SUGARCANE
Applicability of the Fertilizer-Yield Equation to Production of Sugar Per Acre in Puerto Rico
Authors: Mariota Trías F. , Capó B. G.
Published: October 2020

The fertilizer-yield equation was used to describe the relationship between the applications of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium-bearing materials and the yield in tons of sugar per acre in 33 sugarcane experiments carried out in various regions of Puerto Rico. Similar curves were obtained when the equation was fitted using data in tons of sugarcane per acre (1,2). The B values estimated tend to be low for potassium and calcium and generally high for nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium. C fluctuated from high to low values. This suggests it is more important to keep the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium near their optimum levels than potassium and calcium. The coefficients of determination ranged from very good to very poor fit. From the practical standpoint, sugarcane per acre data may be more convenient for use in estimating optimum fertilizer applications than sugar per acre data.
Effect of Heavy Rates of Fertilization on Beef Production and Carrying Capacity of Napier Grass Pastures over 5 Consecutive Years of Grazing Under Humid Tropical Conditions
Authors: Caro-Costas Rubén , Vicente-Chandler José
Published: October 2020

Intensively managed Napier grass pastures on steep slopes in the humid mountain region of Puerto Rico grazed by young growing cattle over a 5-year period, produced an average of 947,1,281 and 1,582 pounds of gain in weight per acre yearly when fertilized annually with 1,600, 2,800 and 4,000 pounds of 14-4-10 fertilizer per acre, respectively. The pastures carried the equivalent of 2.22-, 2.89- and 3.58 six-hundred-pound steers per acre throughout the year and produced 6,890, 8,960 and 11,100 pounds of total digestible nutrients per acre yearly at the 1,600-, 2,800- and 4,000- pound fertilizer levels, respectively. Daily gains per head were not affected by level of fertilization, and averaged 1.31 pounds. At the 4,000-pound fertilizer rate the pastures maintained a minimum of 3 head per acre and produced 1,582 of liveweight worth about $475 at current prices or $315 above fertilizer costs.
Effect of Nitrogen Rates, Harvest Interval and Cutting Heights on Yield and Composition of Star Grass in Puerto Rico
Authors: Caro-Costas Rubén , Abruña Fernando , Figarella Jacinto
Published: October 2020

The effect of nitrogen rates, length of harvest intervals, and cutting heights on the yield and composition of a Puerto Rico cultivar of Star grass were determined during 2 consecutive years. Dry matter yields increased with nitrogen rates at the two cutting heights tested. However, the response at the various harvest intervals tested (30, 45, 60 and 90 days) was dependent on cutting height. Low cut Star grass responded sharply up to 400 to 600 pounds of nitrogen depending on harvest interval. High cut Star grass responded sharply to 400 to 600 pounds of nitrogen depending on harvest interval. The crude protein yield and content increased up to the highest nitrogen rate tested at all harvest intervals and cutting heights. The percent nitrogen recovered in the forage was of the same magnitude as that obtained with other grasses. However, the nitrogen rates did not have a pronounced effect on the percent nitrogen recovered in the forage. The proportion of leaves to stems was not affected by nitrogen rates. Leaves were higher in protein content than the stems at all nitrogen rates and harvest intervals. Dry matter yields increased but protein content decreased as length of harvest interval increased from 30 to 90 days. Length of harvest interval did not affect the percent nitrogen recovered in the forage, but had a marked effect on chemical composition of the forage. The content of N, P and K decreased at both cutting heights and at all nitrogen rates as the length of the harvest interval increased from 30 to 90 days. The apparent digestibility of the forage decreased and lignin content increased as length of harvest interval increased. Star grass produced higher yields when cut low than high. The difference was more evident as the length of the harvest interval increased from 30 to 90 days.
SHELF-LIFE STUDIES OF PLANTAIN STICKS
Authors: Cruz José R. , González Miguel A.
Published: October 2020

SHELF-LIFE STUDIES OF PLANTAIN STICKS
Yields of 16 Arabica-type Coffee Varieties Grown Under Partial Shade and in Full Sunlight
Authors: Boneta García Elvin G. , Bosque Lugo Ramón
Published: October 2020

The productivity of 16 varieties of Arabica-type coffee, grown under intensive management in full sunlight and beneath shade trees, was determined at the Adjuntas Substation. A combined statistical analysis of five crops, grown under approximately 40-percent shade indicated that the best yielders were R-3, Harrar, Mundo Nuevo, N-50, Red Bourbon, Mibirizi, and S-16. Their average yields were 18.98,18.87,18.31,e 18.14,18.02,16.64, and 16.50 hundredweights of market coffee per acre, respectively, with no significant statistical differences among them. The average production of the other varieties were: Geisha, 15.18; Padang, 15.03; Zegui, 14.94; K.P. 228, 14.14; Red Caturra, 13.72; Puerto Rico Selection, 13.62; Villalobos, 12.74; Barbuck Sudan, 10.17; and Enrea, 9.76 hundredweights of market coffee per acre, respedtively. The combined statistical analysis of four crops of the same varieties grown under complete sun exposure revealed no significant statistical differences between the yields of Mundo Nuevo, R-3, Harrar, Mibirizi, S-16, Red Caturra, Red Bourbon, Zegui, Villalobos, and N-50, with 26.93, 24.58, 24.55, 23.77, 22.74, 21.74, 21.61, 21.52, 21.29, and 21.17 hundredweights of market coffee per acre, respectively, but the differences in production when compared to the remaining varieties were significantly high. The remaining varieties and their production were Puerto Rico Selection, 18.92; Padang, 17.79; Geisha, 15.52; Barbuck Sudan, 12.76; K.P. 228, 11.49, and Enrea 9.53 hundredweights of market coffee per acre, respectively. In general, higher yields were produced by the varieties when grown without shade. Much higher yields than the average production for the Island were obtained at both experimental sites (under and without shade) and most of the varieties produced over 200 pounds of market coffee 18 to 20 months after being transplanted to the experimental sites. Most of the intermediate-growth varieties gave a greater total yield for a period of 5 years than the semi-dwarf ones, which tended to give a higher yield in the first crop but were surpassed by the intermediate-growth varieties when the latter reached mature size.
Effect of Season and Plant Spacing on Yields of Intensively Managed Soybeans Under Tropical Conditions
Authors: Silva Servando , Vicente-Chandler José , Abruña Fernando , Rodríguez José A.
Published: October 2020

Soybeans of the Hardee variety planted at 20 inches X 3 1/2 inches yielded over 40 bushels per acre when planted from mid-February to mid-September. The highest yields, exceeding 60 bushels per acre, were obtained from May and June plantings and the lowest, about 20 bushels per acre, from December and January plantings with 90,000 plants per acre in all cases. Yields can be increased markedly during the winter by increasing populations to about 200,000 plants per acre. Higher yields were obtained with 20-inch X 3 1/2-inch than with 30- inch X 2 1/3-inch or 40-inch X 1 3/4-inch spacings. Bean size and protein and oil contents were unaffected by plant spacing or season of the year. It is possible to produce two crops of soybeans yearly in Puerto Eico with a combined yield of over 100 bushels (6,000 pounds) per acre containing about 2,500 pounds of dry protein and 1,300 pounds of oil. Three crops with a total yield of 160 bushels per acre yearly are theoretically possible.
A New Virus Disease of Papaya (Carica papaya) in Puerto Rico
Authors: Adsuar José
Published: October 2020

1. A mosaic virus disease of papaya (Carica papaya) causing yellow mottling, slight wrinkleness of the leaves, and oily spots on the stem but no extreme distortion and deformation of the leaves has been observed in the northwestern part of Puerto Rico near the town of Isabela. 2. The physical properties of the virus are: Thermal inactivation point, 60° C; dilution end-point, 1-100; and it is inactivated in about 72 hours at laboratory temperature (around 74° F.). The virus is not seed- nor soil-transmitted. 3. The virus has been transmitted mechanically thus far only to members of the family Cucurbitaceae belonging to the following genera: Cucumis, Luffa, Citrullus, Lagenaria and Melothria. It has not been possible to transmit mit the virus to plants of the following families: Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, Phytolacaceae, Malvaceae, Balsaminaceae, Leguminoseae, Scrophulariaceae, Mimosaceae, and Cesalpinaceae. 4 Cross-protection tests have demonstrated that the Isabela mosaic and the Puerto Rican southern coast papaya mosaic viruses are related. 5. Preliminary experiments indicate that the Isabela mosaic virus may be transmitted by the nematode Trichodorus christiei. 6. The results of extensive inoculation trials have shown that Carica candamarcensis Hook, is resistant to the Isabela mosaic virus.
EVALUACIÓN DE FACTORES DEL COMPORTAMIENTO CIUDADANO Y ACCESO A SERVICIOS RELACIONADOS CON LA VULNERABILIDAD DE CONTAGIO DEL SARS-COV-2 EN ECUADOR
Authors: Chiquito Karen , Monard Sara , Zhangallimbay Donald , Pérez Mariela
Published: October 2020

La pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 ha puesto en duda el manejo eficiente de los recursos por parte de las autoridades a nivel mundial provocando un colapso económico y sanitario. Estudios realizados en China, Estados Unidos y Canadá demuestran que factores socioeconómicos que influyen en el comportamiento ciudadano están relacionados con el incremento de la propagación de enfermedades virales como el coronavirus. En el presente estudio se evalúan factores socioeconómicos y su relación con la propagación del SARS-Cov2 en Ecuador. Se estimó un modelo de regresión múltiple por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios a nivel cantonal para diferentes períodos acumulados de tiempo. Los factores que fueron consistentes durante todos los períodos de estudio fueron el sector urbano y la distancia de Guayaquil con respecto al resto de los cantones. Además, las características de los sectores que presentaron una relación positiva con la tasa de contagios fueron aquellos en los que predominaba el contacto físico, como el sector de construcción, transporte y aquellos sin acceso a agua potable por tuberías. Desde el punto de vista social es importante conocer las características de vulnerabilidad con el fin de que las autoridades tomen las mejores decisiones respecto a las políticas públicas que se implementarán durante una emergencia sanitaria.
SOSYAL MEDYADA ÖRDEK SENDROMU: İNSTAGRAM ÜZERİNDEN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: GÜRSOY ATAR Özge , GÜRSOY ULUSOY Şebnem
Published: October 2020

Sosyal medya günümüzde son derece yaygın ve popülerliği gittikçe artan bir iletişim ortamıdır. Sosyal medyada bireyler kendilerini nasıl göstermek, sunmak istiyorsa o yönde paylaşımda bulunmaktadırlar. Stanford Üniversitesi’nde kişilerin hayatlarına dışarıdan bakıldığında hiç çaba göstermeden başarılı ve mutlu olduklarının görülmesine “ördek sendromu” tanımı yapıldı.

Çalışmanın temelini Goffman’ın Yayılan İzlenim Kuramı oluşturmaktadır. Goffman, günlük hayatın çoğu zaman daha gerçek ve genel olarak prova edilmeden sunulan performansları kapsadığını savunur. Goffman’a göre kişiler başkalarının karşısında bir performans ortaya koyarken performanslarını sürekli gözden geçirirler ve kendisini izleyenleri etkilemek için performanslarını idealize ve estetize ederler. Bu bağlamda Instagram’da bireyler kendilerini nasıl göstermek, sunmak istiyorsa o yönde paylaşımda bulunmaktadırlar. Çalışma kapsamında tüm Instagram gönderilerini takip edip incelemek olanaksızdır. Bu nedenle 20 aktif Instagram kullanıcısı rastgele seçilerek 18 Kasım 2019 – 25 Kasım 2019 tarih aralığı boyunca paylaşımları takip edilmiştir. Daha sonra bu kullanıcılar ile sosyal medya aracılığıyla haberleşerek hazırlanan sorular sorulmuştur. Bu sorulara verilen yanıtlar ve sosyal medya paylaşımları karşılaştırılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Kişilerin görselleri ve ismi, mahremiyetin zedelenmemesi amacıyla saklı tutulmuştur. Goffman’ın kuramsal temelini oluşturan parametreler temel alınarak, bireylerin kendilerini Instagram gönderileri aracılığıyla nasıl sunduklarına bakılarak daha sonra yapılan derinlemesine görüşme ile bu veriler karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda araştırmada Goffman’ın “Yayılan İzlenim Kuramı” temel alınarak sosyal medyada “ördek sendromu” varlığının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında tüm Instagram gönderilerini takip edip incelemek olanaksızdır. Bu nedenle 20 aktif Instagram kullanıcısı rastgele seçilerek, 18 Kasım 2019 – 25 Kasım 2019 tarih aralığı boyunca, paylaşımları takip edilmiş ve daha sonra yapılan derinlemesine görüşme ile bu veriler karşılaştırılmıştır.
Study of Hypoglycemia in Neonates with Low Birth Weight
Authors: Abrar Ahmed Siddique  , N.L Sridhar
Published: October 2020

Background: Glucose metabolism disorders are common in low birth weight (LBW) infants and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Neonatal hypoglycemia, a common metabolic problem, often goes unnoticed owing to lack of specific symptoms. Hypoglycemia both symptomatic and asymptomatic can lead to long term neurological sequelae. Therefore, it needs early management to prevent brain damage in a developing neonate.Subjects and Methods:This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with hypoglycemia in low birth weight infants. Design: A hospital-based prospective longitudinal study. Duration: One year (October 2017 – October 2018). Setting: Niloufer Hospital, Hyderabad. Participants: 50 LBW neonates with birth weight less than 2500 grams. Methods: Blood glucose values were measured at the age of 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after delivery which was independent of feeding time. Blood glucose value less than 40 mg/dl (2.2 mmol/l) was defined as hypoglycemia. For statistical analysis, SPSS software version 20 was used.Result:Out of 50 neonates, 15(30%) had one or more episode of hypoglycemia. Overall 22 episodes were recorded. Out of 15 hypoglycemic neonates 8(53.3%) were small for gestational age (SGA) and 7(46.7%) were AGA. Sepsis was significantly noticed after hypoglycemia. The pattern of blood glucose levels was significantly different among hypoglycemic babies and normoglycemic babies over first 72 hours.Conclusion:Hypoglycemia was frequent among low birth weight babies more so in SGA babies in first 24 hours.
A study on Effect of Nutrition Supplementation in Children Living With HIV at ART Centre- A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Muddana Narasimha Rao  , Ashish Ragireddy
Published: October 2020

Background: The nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS is related to morbidity and mortality and may predict the course of HIV infection and the management of these helps in recovery and maintenance of health status.Aims & objectives: The main aim of the current study toassess the nutritional status and nutritional supplementation in children with HIV at ART center.Subjects and Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted between May 2017 and May 2018 in a total of 100 children aged 1 to 18 years with proven HIV status attending ART centre. Each child included in the study was examined clinically and their anthropometric data was recorded. They were provided with a fixed nutrition supplementation of 2 scoops of protein powder and one serving of peanut chikki per day and they were followed up regularly. At the end of one year, they were examined clinically and their anthropometric data was recorded again. Result:In the present study, about 44% of subjects were males and 56% were females. Majority of the children (55%) fell in the age group of 11-15 years. 36% were on pre-ART and 64% were on ART.At the beginning of the study, 59% of children were stunted and 64% of the children had < 2 SD of BMI for age. According to WHO, Z scores could be calculated only for children less than 10 years of age. In this study, 34 children fell in this age group and 24 among them were underweight at the beginning of the study. Conclusion:After giving the nutritional supplementation for a period of one year, there was a statistically significant improvement in height-for-age, weight-for-age and the Z scores of height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age. Though there was an improvement in the mean values of BMI for age, this was not considered to be statistically significant. Finally, nutritional interventions should be tailored and assessed to improve growth, especially at time of ART initiation that could lead to an optimisation of their clinical response and survival of ART-treated children.
A Study of Midarm Circumference and Chest Circumference as a Predictor of Low Birth Weight
Authors: Mamta Nikhurpa  , Sucheta Munshi  , Dipti Shah
Published: October 2020

Background: 60–80% of neonatal deaths are due to low birth weight (LBW <2500 g) in developing countries.Aim & Objective:The objectives of this study was to identify a suitable anthropometric surrogate and to identify LBW babies in the resource limited settings like rural areas where 80–90% deliveries take place to screen the LBW babies.Subject and Method:This is a prospective observational study conducted in department of pediatrics of tertiary care hospital and medical college of western India. A total of 519 newborns were studied by random sampling method. BW and other anthropometric measurements were taken within 24 h of birth. Result:Mean birth weight significantlyincreases with increasing value of anthropometric measurement, all key anthropometric parameters were significantly correlated to each other. The correlation with birth weight is more for chest circumference (0.58)than mid upper arm circumference (0.54). Conclusion:CC is the better measurement to identify low birth-weight babies. Measurement of both MUAC and CC is of little additional value in predicting LBW babies. Chest circumference is a simple, quick, and valid screening tool for identifying LBW neonates in a community setting where there are problems of nonavailability of weighing scales.
Impact of Psychotherapy on School Performance in School Going Adolescent
Authors: Prerna Panwar  , Nutan Singh  , Ramesh Chand
Published: October 2020

Background: Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods particularly when based on interpersonal interaction to help a person to change behavior and overcome emotional problems like aggression, low self-esteem, anxiety .As a part of Psychotherapy,counseling is a learning oriented process which usually occurs in an interactive relationship with the aim of helping students to learn more about him or herself..Subjects and Methods:The study was conducted in department of Paediatrics Dr SushilaTiwari Hospital HaldwaniUttarakhand.It was a school based study and students of 9th and 10th class (13-17 years) with normal IQ were included.The result was analysed on the basis of a preformed questionnaire filled by children, teacher, parents before and after counseling and taking record of previous school performance.Result:150 students 39 female and 111 male  participated in the study.84.7% agreed that counseling sessions were helpful to them.72% students  have shown  good improvement in academic performance and 64% have shown increment of 6 to 10% marks.Conclusion:Counseling programmes create a positive impact on the academic performances, career choices, course selection, college and career planning. This study shows that use of excessive social media and poor concentration in studies are among the major causes of poor performances.
Pain Relief in Neonates
Authors: Krishnan Lalitha
Published: October 2020

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Anästhesie bei Operationen an Kopf und Hals
Authors: Fudickar Axel , Bein Berthold
Published: October 2020

Haben Sie Fragen zu Eingriffen an Kopf und Hals oder möchten Sie Ihr Wissen in diesem Bereich gezielt auffrischen, aber kein umfangreiches, teures Lehrbuch kaufen? Dann bietet Ihnen dieser Band aus der Reihe "Klinikalltag Anästhesie" genau die richtige Grundlage und vermittelt Ihnen unmittelbar umsetzbare Konzepte zur Durchführung von Narkosen in der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Hals-,Nasen- und Ohrenklinik, Augenheilkunde, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie.

Als weitere Schwerpunkte werden die in diesen Fachgebieten besonders wichtigen übergreifenden Themen Kommunikation, Kinderanästhesie, Atemwegsmanagement und Neuromonitoring in eigenen Kapiteln dargestellt.

Ihr Plus:

Kommunikation in der Anästhesie

Grundlegende Prinzipien und Notfälle in der Kinderanästhesie

Atemwegsmanagement

Neuromonitoring
Antibiotikatherapie in der Intensivmedizin 3. Auflage
Authors: Sakka Samir G. , Matten Jens
Published: October 2020

Antibiotika sicher, schnell und effizient verordnen

Patienten auf der Intensivstation sind in hohem Maße von Infektionen bedroht. Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass die Behandlung mit Antibiotika bei lebensbedrohlich kranken Patienten sofort erfolgen muss. Häufig bedeuten schon wenige Stunden Zeitverzögerung für die Patienten ein erhöhtes Sterblichkeitsrisiko. Intensivmediziner müssen daher schnellstens eine adäquate antiinfektive Therapie einleiten, ohne dabei die Therapiekosten aus den Augen zu verlieren.

Auch in der 3. überarbeiteten Auflage, ist es den Autoren gelungen, aktuelle Entscheidungshilfen für den intensivmedizinischen Klinikalltag zu geben.

Aus dem Inhalt:

- Neu: Aktuelle PEG-Leitlinie

- Substanzklassen / Wirkmechanismen

- Typische chirurgisch-intensivmedizinische Infektionen

- Therapieversager

- Perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe

- Antibiotikatherapie bei Niereninsuffizienz und Nierenersatztherapie

- Antiinfektive Therapie in der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit

- Antiinfektive Therapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

- Antiinfektive Therapie bei Übergewichtigen

-Therapiekosten
Repetitorium Kardiologie 5. Auflage
Authors: Pinger Stefan
Published: October 2020

Kompakte Darstellung der aktuellen Kardiologie

Das E-Book ist als Repetitorium für den klinischen Alltag konzipiert und eignet sich hervorragend zur Vorbereitung für die Facharztprüfung. Auf der Grundlage der klinisch relevanten Ergebnisse maßgeblicher Studien und Übersichtsarbeiten wurde die 5. Auflage komplett überarbeitet. Sie gibt den aktuellen Stand der Kardiologie klar strukturiert und übersichtlich wieder. Der Inhalt orientiert sich streng an der "evidenced based medicine" und den etablierten Leitlinien der Fachgesellschaften.

Gut gerüstet für den klinischen Alltag und die Facharztprüfung!
Student subjective wellbeing, school functioning, and psychological adjustment in high school adolescents: A latent variable analysis
Authors: Arslan Gökmen , Coşkun Muhammet
Published: October 2020

Well-being is a multi-faceted construct that encompasses all aspects of healthy and successful human functioning across multiple domains. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the predictive power of student subjective wellbeing on several specific adolescent school and psychological adjustment indicators: school achievement, academic satisfaction, prosocial behavior, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Participants included 223 adolescents, comprising of 54.9% girls, ranging in age from 13 to 18 years (M= 15.67, SD= 1.21). Findings from the LVPA indicated that student subjective wellbeing was significantly associated with youth school functioning and adjustment outcomes, ranging from small-to-large effect size (R2 range = .05 to .42). Student subjective wellbeing had the strongest predictive effect on prosocial behavior, followed by academic satisfaction, psychological health problems, and school achievement. With regard to the first-order models, school connectedness and joy of learning significantly predicted student academic satisfaction, prosocial behavior, and psychological adjustment problems. However, the predictive effect of these variables on student school achievement was non–significant. Educational purpose and academic efficacy were significant predictors of all adolescent outcomes. Taken together, these results suggest that student subjective wellbeing is an essential resource for improving youth academic functioning and psychological health.
MENGHADAPI KEBOHONGAN
Authors: Barus Armand
Published: October 2020

Berita bohong (hoax) yang tersebar mengenai diri pemazmur menciptakan perasaan sesak. Fitnah membuat kemuliaan pemazmur dinodai. Artinya reputasi pemazmur sebagai orang yang dikenal publik bergaul intim dan taat kepada Allah menjadi diragukan banyak orang. Melalui dan di dalam penderitaan pemazmur saat difitnah terlihat pergerakan pengenalan pemazmur akan Allah mulai dari Allah yang membenarkan dan berakhir pada Allah yang memberi sukacita dan Allah yang membiarkannya diam dengan aman. Perjalanan rohani tersebut mencerminkan perubahan suasana teks pada ayat 3, 6, dan 8 di mana suasana teks bergerak dari ratapan berubah menjadi pujian kemudian berubah menjadi ratapan dan berakhir dengan pujian.