bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DESTINADAS ÀS MICROEMPRESAS E EMPRESAS DE PEQUENO PORTE NO PERÍODO DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Laranjo Glenda Margareth Oliveira , Rovai Armando Luiz
Published: February 2022

As Micro e Pequenas Empresas contribuem para os desenvolvimentos econômicos, sociais e políticos das nações. Essa contribuição é percebida na realidade cotidiana, resultante da representatividade que as micro e pequenas empresas possuem na geração de empregos, produção e comercialização de bens e serviços que suprem as necessidades básicas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento e a dinâmica da economia. Em vista disso, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o impacto da pandemia no contexto das microempresas e empresas de pequeno porte e as principais políticas públicas que visam minimizar os impactos econômicos causados pela pandemia a estes negócios.
ARBITRAGEM E RECUPERAÇÃO JUDICIAL: A COMPETÊNCIA PARA DELIBERAÇÃO DE AUMENTO DO CAPITAL SOCIAL
Authors: Montes Netto Carlos Eduardo , Scavazzini Felipe Barbi , Ferreira Olavo Augusto Vianna Alves
Published: February 2022

A arbitragem e a recuperação judicial envolvem direitos patrimoniais disponíveis. Nessa perspectiva, em tese, a via arbitral pode ser utilizada para dirimir os conflitos incidentais à recuperação judicial. O presente estudo busca analisar, diante da escassez de pesquisas sobre o assunto, se o Tribunal Arbitral é competente para dirimir os conflitos societários envolvendo a deliberação de aumento de capital social previsto no plano de recuperação judicial aprovado pelos credores, se o ato constitutivo da recuperanda contiver cláusula compromissória. Optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa exploratória com a utilização de revisão bibliográfica e da análise qualitativa dos dados a fim de se cumprir esse objetivo, verificando-se a competência do Tribunal Arbitral nesta hipótese.
O IMPACTO DAS NORMAS DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS PESSOAIS NOS SOCIAL CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT
Authors: Lelis Henrique Rodrigues , Coelho Fernando Da Cruz , Lemos Junior Eloy Pereira
Published: February 2022

Esta pesquisa explora os efeitos que as novas leis de proteção de dados pessoais implantadas no Brasil e na União Europeia podem provocar na atividade empresarial. Para isto, foi realizado um estudo de caso entre 08 empresas que operam com Social-CRM, realizando uma análise da conformidade de seus sistemas de gestão de dados digitais com o determinado pelas de proteção de dados pessoais. Exploratória quanto ao objetivo, de natureza qualitativa, objeto tratado a partir de um estudo de caso com amostra não probabilística, coleta de dados a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, observação assistemática e  análise de conteúdo como técnica de análise de dados. Demonstra que a efetividade da lei de proteção de dados pessoais irá depender mais de como o processo de tomada de decisão ocorre dentro das organizações do que do processo de fiscalização do estado. Que sistemas de Social-CRM e compliance digital são temas correlatos e indivisíveis e precisam operar de forma colaborativa. É um estudo transdisciplinar entre direito digital e marketing, contribuindo para uma melhor compreensão dos impactos da lei geral de proteção de dados dentro dos sistemas de gestão empresariais modernos, cada vez mais dependentes do tratamento de dados digitais pessoais para tomada de decisão estratégica. Também contribui para o amadurecimento das teorias ligadas ao compliance digital e Social-CRM, na medida que permitem a visualização de problemas legais concretos.
Phenol compound content and antibacterial activity of gaharu leaf extract products (Aquilaria malaccensis)
Authors: Budi Santoso  , Neni Anggraini  , Kiki Yuliati  , Aldila Din Pangawikan
Published: February 2022

Gaharu leaf extract produces yield extraction, phenol compound, and antibacterial activity in diverse quantities. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of the extraction method and type of solvent on the extractability of the polyphenol component and the antibacterial activity of gaharu leaves. Extraction was done through maceration and Soxhlet methods by using solvents of hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The extraction result showed that the highest yield value of 18.4% was found on the treatment of a combination of ethanol solvent and Soxhlet method. The total content of phenol and tannin of gaharu leaf extract was in the range of 11.2 to 18.62mg. mL-1 and 12.82 to 13.41%, respectively. Antibacterial activity of gaharu leaf extract on the Gram-positive test of Staphylococcus aureus was higher than that of the Gram-negative test of Escherichia coli having a value of zone of inhibition in the range of 5.33 to 6.33 mm and 4.00 to 5.00 mm, respectively.
Correlation of biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds with the vigor of Agonandra brasiliensis seedlings in northern Amazonia
Authors: Araújo Montenegro Raiovane , Smiderle Oscar José , Das Graças Souza Aline
Published: February 2022

The goal of this study was to determine and correlate the main morphometric characteristics of fruits, seeds, and seedling vigor of Agonandra brasiliensis, in Roraima. The design was completely randomized with three treatments, consisting of six replications with 20 seeds. The treatments established were three classes of seeds: T1 - small seeds (S = 1.50-1.69 g); T2 - medium seeds (M = 1.70-1.89 g) and T3 - large seeds (L = 1.90-2.09 g). The variables evaluated were: length; diameter; the fresh mass of fruits and seeds; percentage, speed (in index) and average time of emergence, length of roots and aerial part; number of leaves; fresh, dry and total seedling mass; seedling lignification index; root/shoot ratio and dry root/shoot ratio and correlations between all studied variables. The fresh mass of the fruit of Agonandra brasiliensis has a high positive correlation with the mass of seeds. Small seeds of Agonandra brasiliensis exhibit a higher percentage of emergence in the conditions of the northern Amazon.
La critique textuelle des Actes des Apôtres : l'évolution des données externes
Authors: Simonet Jean-Louis
Published: February 2022

Le but de l’article est de faire le point sur l’évolution des données externes pertinentes pour la critique textuelle des Actes des Apôtres, de la tradition directe ou indirecte, en grec, en latin et en syriaque, et de discuter la façon dont les données nouvelles ont été (ou non) exploitées. L’auteur tente une première évaluation de l’editio critica maior de Münster. Pour le latin, après une prise en compte des recherches effectuées par H.A.G. Houghton et par l’équipe de l’édition digitale de Mayence, l’auteur expose quelques résultats de ses recherches sur l’apport des lectionnaires latins et des citations patristiques latines. Pour le syriaque, l’auteur s’attarde plus particulièrement sur les citations patristiques, et dialogue avec des articles antérieurs d’A. Vööbus, de P.J. Williams et S. Brock.
Qu’est-ce qui se cache derrière un apparat critique ? Rm 5,1 ou pourquoi il faut continuer à faire de la critique textuelle
Authors: Burnet Régis , Detal Pierre-Édouard
Published: February 2022

Pourquoi les reconstructions critiques actuelles du texte grec de Rm 5,1 portent-elles ἔχομεν et non ἔχωμεν ? Sans un détour par la critique textuelle, il est difficile de percevoir combien les consensus philologiques sont parfois fragiles. La lecture actuelle – suivie par les grandes traductions contemporaines dans les langues vernaculaires – ne repose finalement que sur une sorte de coup de force réalisé au XVIe siècle pour faire passer une lecture assez minoritaire et qui s’oppose à toute la tradition. La raison précise de ce choix est assez obscure, et mériterait une véritable histoire de la réception de ce verset paulinien.
Esther im neuaramäischen Dialekt des Turabdin: Sachau Syr. 247
Authors: Atas Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Au 19ème siècle, E. Sachau se rendit en Syrie et en Mésopotamie où il rencontra des locuteurs de dialectes modernes de l'araméen. Il chargea ceux-ci d'écrire et de traduire un certain nombre de textes dans leurs dialectes. L'un deux, Ešaʿyo, traduisit pour lui plusieurs textes bibliques en néo-araméen turoyo, dont le livre d'Esther, à partir de la version syriaque Peshitta et de la traduction arabe des missionnaires protestants Smith et Van Dyck. Le présent article présente une editio princeps ainsi qu'une transcription raisonnée de ce texte et de nombreuses notes, au sujet de la Vorlage du traducteur. Bien que ce texte nous fournisse des informations sur le Turoyo du 19ème siècle, il faut rester prudent dans les conclusions qu'on pourrait en tirer car il s'agit d'une traduction pleine de syriacismes et d'arabismes.

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Im 19. Jahrhundert reiste E. Sachau nach Syrien und Mesopotamien, wo er Sprecher moderner aramäischer Dialekte traf. Er beauftragte sie, eine Reihe von Texten zu verfassen und in ihre Dialekte zu übersetzen. Einer von ihnen, Ešaʿyo, übersetzte für ihn mehrere biblische Texte ins Turoyo-Neuaramäische, darunter das Buch Esther, aus der syrischen Peschitta und der arabischen protestantischen Übersetzung von Smith und Van Dyck. Der vorliegende Artikel präsentiert eine editio princeps sowie eine lateinische Transkription dieses Textes mit zahlreichen Anmerkungen, die sich auf der vom Übersetzer befolgten Vorlage beziehen. Obwohl dieser Text Aufschluss über das Turoyo des 19. Jahrhunderts gibt, sollte man bei seinen Schlussfolgerungen vorsichtig sein, da es sich eine Übersetzung voller Syrismen und Arabismen handelt.
Veterinaria Ugaritica : observations sur le lexique des textes hippiatriques en ougaritique
Authors: Beaujard Emmanuel
Published: February 2022

La médecine vétérinaire dans le Proche-Orient antique est peu documentée par nos sources. Outre quelques textes akkadiens, quatre tablettes en langue ougaritique témoignent d’un bref traité vétérinaire en circulation à Ougarit (Ras Shamra) à la fin du deuxième millénaire av. J.-C. Les éditions critiques de Chaim Cohen et Daniel Sivan (1983 revue en 1996), puis de Denis Pardee (1985), accompagnées chacune d’une traduction et d’un commentaire, ont permis une meilleure connaissance de ces textes. Cet article entend donner au lecteur un aperçu de leur contenu et des difficultés méthodologiques soulevées par leur étude.
Coptic Months in Islamic Years. The use of the fiscal year (al-sana al-ḫarāǧiyya) in Fatimid Egypt (969-1171 CE) against the background of Arabicisation and Islamisation
Authors: Den Heijer Johannes
Published: February 2022

This study investigates the combination of Coptic months on the one hand, and years that refer to the chronology of Islam on the other, especially in the so-called fiscal (ḫarāǧ) year, in documentary and narrative sources from Egypt, with a focus on Copto-Arabic historiography. The main research question is that of the correlation between the choice of calendar (Coptic, fiscal, Islamic) and religious identity (Christian, Muslim). After a discussion on the problem of a lunisolar year in early Islamic Egypt, some documentary texts (Arabic papyri) from the first three centuries following the Arab conquest are analysed. The rest of the paper concentrates on the Fatimid period (969-1171 CE), when the ḫarāǧ year was given an official status. Again, the confessional prosopography in documentary texts is compared to the choice of system for naming months and counting years. The final section investigates the calendars used in a selected part of the Arabic History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, the official history of the Coptic Church.
Une représentation particulière du dieu de l’Orage au sanctuaire de Yazılıkaya
Authors: Van Quickelberghe Étienne
Published: February 2022

Dans cette étude, nous proposons une nouvelle identification du relief n° 41 du sanctuaire hittite de Yazılıkaya (Turquie). Ce relief représente un dieu de l’Orage très ressemblant visuellement au relief de Çağdın. Dans un premier temps, l’article présentera le contexte géographique et archéologique du sanctuaire. Dans un second temps, la stèle de Çağdın et le relief 41 de Yazılıkaya seront comparés avec minutie. Après avoir analysé les hypothèses d’identification antérieures du relief 41, une nouvelle hypothèse sera avancée, en lien avec notre analyse du toponyme TONITRUSURBS dans la documentation glyphique. Enfin, nous terminerons cet article en évoquant la méthodologie de travail des chercheurs ayant proposé d’identifier le sanctuaire hittite avec un calendrier luni-solaire grandeur nature.
Political nonprofits and dark money in Alabama education politics
Authors: Baser Sean M.
Published: February 2022

The proliferation of political nonprofit organizations since the Citizens United decision has undoubtedly reshaped American politics. These interest groups have spent hundreds of millions of dollars in recent state and federal elections. Yet, little is known about how these organizations influence higher education politics and the extent to which higher education leaders rely on political nonprofits to increase state support and tilt policy decisions in their favor. To that end, this descriptive case study analysis explores the purpose and activities of a short-lived political nonprofit organization in Alabama, the Alabama Association for Higher Education (AAFHE). Using publicly available data, I developed a follow-the-money scheme to illustrate the activities of the AAFHE and its affiliates. Findings suggest that leaders of the University of Alabama System established the AAFHE to sustain and obtain resources through political contributions and lobbying at the state and federal levels. The AAFHE employed several direct and indirect lobbying strategies to secure state and federal resources for higher education institutions in Alabama, primarily those within the University of Alabama System. The study highlights the ethical and practical challenges campus leaders face when using political nonprofits to advance institutional goals.
The forms of consuming and making sense of the music heritage: The retro in popular music
Authors: Soylu Bağçeci Fulya
Published: February 2022

The concept of the retro marketing which has an important role in commercializing the popular culture heritage is a strategy that constitutes the popular culture’s validity and continuity via the music productions evoking its periodic conditions. This strategy which is made up by means of the historical climate of the popular music, various music productions, artist or popular characters creates a kind of commercial meaning areas by utilizing the effect the music’s effect on the masses on the purpose of managing and directing these meanings inclusive of some various expectations. At this point, while the nostalgic meaning contents which trace to the life-world of the past have become the income materials, the dimension reflecting on the side of the audience is related to the world of the meaning based on the social, historical, cultural perspectives and popular culture. However, the semantic quality drawn attention here is reinterpreting the life conditions of the past with the modern-day perspective, producing and constructing the retrospective meaning with the modern-day current thought rather than the realities at the periods of time which indicate the past. In the study, it is focused on the music heritage which has passed from the repeated filter of the retro marketing concept, and the commercial, social and individual reflections of the retrospective thought forms that have occurred on the basis of music.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Popüler müzik mirasının ticarileştirilmesinde önemli bir rol oynayan retro pazarlama konsepti, popüler kültürün dönemsel koşullarını çağrıştıran müzik üretimleri üzerinden geçerliliğini ve sürekliliğini oluşturan bir stratejidir. Popüler müziğin tarihsel iklimi, çeşitli müzik üretimleri, sanatçı ya da popüler karakterler kanalıyla oluşturulan bu strateji, anlam üretme, bu anlamları çeşitli beklentiler dahilinde yönetme ve yönlendirme amacıyla müziğin kitleler üzerindeki etkisinden faydalanarak bir nevi ticari anlam sahaları yaratır. Bu noktada geçmişin yaşam dünyasına uzanan nostaljik anlam içerikleri ticari cephede birer rant malzemesi olurken dinleyici cephesine yansıyan boyut, toplumsal, tarihsel, kültürel perspektiflerle ve popüler kültüre dayalı anlam dünyasıyla bağlantılıdır. Ancak burada dikkat çekilen anlamsal nitelik, geçmişin yaşam koşullarını bugünün perspektifiyle yeniden yorumlamak ve geçmişe işaret eden zaman dilimlerindeki gerçekliklerden ziyade bugünün güncel düşüncesiyle geriye dönük anlam üretmek ve inşa etmektir. Çalışmada retro pazarlama konseptinin yinelenen süzgecinden geçen popüler müzik mirasına odaklanılmış ve müzik üzerinden oluşan geçmişe dönük düşünce biçimlerinin ticari, toplumsal ve bireysel yansımaları betimsel bir karakterle incelenmiştir.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR PERILAKU JUMANTIK TERHADAP KEPADATAN JENTIK DI WILAYAH BINAAN GERAKAN SATU RUMAH SATU JUMANTIK PUSKESMAS CANDILAMA KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Nariswara Reyzi Hanandita , Yuliawati Sri , Kusariana Nissa , Hestiningsih Retno
Published: February 2022

Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang telah banyak dilakukan upaya pengendalian penularannya, namun penularan penyakit ini tetap terjadi. Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) ditularkan oleh virus dengue melalui nyamuk betina jenis Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. Angka kejadian dan angka kematian penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Kota Semarang tahun 2019 mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya. Pembentukan Gerakan Satu Rumah Satu Jumantik (GSRSJ) oleh Pemerintah Kota Semarang belum efektif dengan adanya wilayah Gerakan Satu Rumah Satu Jumantik yang memiliki Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) yang rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor perilaku jumantik dengan kepadatan larva di wilayah binaan Gerakan Satu Rumah Satu Jumantik Puskesmas Candilama Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan September-Oktober 2020. Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh jumantik di wilayah binaan Puskesmas Candilama. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner dan data yang berasal dari dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah faktor perilaku yang berhubungan dengan kepadatan jentik adalah pengetahuan (p-value = 0,02), sikap (p-value = 0,01), dan praktek (p-value = 0,00). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku merupakan faktor-faktor perilaku jumantik yang berhubungan dengan kepadatan jentik di wilayah binaan Gerakan Satu Rumah Satu Jumantik Puskesmas Candilama Kota Semarang.
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN OBAT PADA MASA PANDEMI DI PUSKESMAS SERING KECAMATAN MEDAN TEMBUNG
Authors: Gurning Fitriani Pramita , Siregar Sarah Fadhila , Siregar Ummi Rahmah , Rusmayanti Ridha , Nurhasanah Fitria
Published: February 2022

Drug management is a series of activities related to the aspects of planning, procuring, receiving, storing, destroying, controlling, recording and reporting drugs. During the Covid-19 pandemic, many activities were hampered, especially in drug management. This study aims to describe the management of drug management in the health center often in the sub-district of Medan Tembung. This type of research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The number of informants in this study were 3 people consisting of the head of the puskesmas, the person in charge of the pharmacy and the pharmacy staff. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews and direct observation. The results showed that the management of medicines had not been implemented properly in accordance with Permenkes number 74 of 2016 concerning standards of pharmaceutical services at Puskesmas. During a pandemic, the number of patient visits at the health center has often decreased drastically so that the planning and procurement of medicines that are prepared and available are many that are not used and even have expired in 2021. It can be concluded that the distribution and recording and reporting are in accordance with the drug management standards at the Puskesmas. However, planning, procurement and storage are not in accordance with existing standards. It is expected that the puskesmas will often pay attention to and follow the established management guidelines.
A machine learning approach to identify hand actions from single-channel sEMG signals
Authors: Savithri Chanda Nagarajan , Priya Ebenezer , Rajasekar Kevin
Published: February 2022

Surface Electromyographic (sEMG) signal is a prime source of information to activate prosthetic hand such that it is able to restore a few basic hand actions of amputee, making it suitable for rehabilitation. In this work, a non-invasive single channel sEMG amplifier is developed that captures sEMG signal for three typical hand actions from the lower elbow muscles of able bodied subjects and amputees. The recorded sEMG signal detrends and has frequencies other than active frequencies. The Empirical Mode Decomposition Detrending Fluctuation Analysis (EMD–DFA) is attempted to de-noise the sEMG signal. A feature vector is formed by extracting eight features in time domain, seven features each in spectral and wavelet domain. Prominent features are selected by Fuzzy Entropy Measure (FEM) to ease the computational complexity and reduce the recognition time of classification. Classification of different hand actions is attempted based on multi-class approach namely Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS–DA) to control the prosthetic hand. It is inferred that an accuracy of 89.72% & 84% is observed for the pointing action whereas the accuracy for closed fist is 81.2% & 79.54% while for spherical grasp it is 80.6% & 76% respectively for normal subjects and amputees. The performance of the classifier is compared with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and an improvement of 5% in mean accuracy is observed for both normal subjects and amputees. The mean accuracy for all the three different hand actions is significantly high (83.84% & 80.18%) when compared with LDA. The proposed work frame provides a fair mean accuracy in classifying the hand actions of amputees. This methodology thus appears to be useful in actuating the prosthetic hand.
Nachweis von Anrissen in der Randzone von Hochleistungsbauteilen mit Wirbelstromtechnik und induktiv angeregter Thermografie
Authors: Reimche W. , Bernard M. , Bombosch S. , Scheer Chr. , Bach Fr.-W.
Published: February 2022

Kurzfassung

Die hohen Anforderungen, die an Hochleistungsbauteile gestellt werden, erfordern prozessbegleitend zunehmend den Einsatz zerstörungsfreier Prüftechniken, um zu einer Qualitätssicherung in der Fertigung zu kommen. Zur Inline-Fehlerprüfung von randzonenvergüteten Bauteilen wurden spezielle Wirbelstrom-Scantechniken und Thermografieverfahren mit kurzzeitiger induktiver Anregung entwickelt und eingesetzt.

Entwickelt wurden eine spezielle Wirbelstromsonde zur Einzelzahn-Fehlerprüfung schrägverzahnter Zahnräder und eine an die Bauteilgeometrie angepasste Wirbelstrom-Scantechnik zum Nachweis von Schmiedefehlern, Härte- und Ermüdungsrissen im Stirnflächen-, Wellen- und Zahnkranzbereich. Zur Schadensfrüherkennung unter Betriebsbedingungen wurde eine Wirbelstromtechnik entwickelt und eingesetzt, mit der eine Riss- und Grübchenbildung unter Umlaufbedingungen empfindlich nachgewiesen und in seiner Entwicklung verfolgt werden kann.

Als eine neue bildgebende Technologie zur schnellen Fehlerprüfung der Randzone profilierter Bauteile wurde ein Thermografieverfahren mit kurzzeitiger induktiver Anregung entwickelt. Unter optimierten Prüfparametern werden Oberflächenfehler in der Randzone profilierter Bauteile mit einer hohen Fehlerempfindlichkeit und Fehlerauflösung bildhaft in ihrem Verlauf nachgewiesen. ▪
Activated sludge bio-aerobic process to treat sugar industry effluent
Authors: Gondudey Shreyas , Gupta Vandana , Ghosh Prabir , Chaudhari Pramesh Kumar
Published: February 2022

The sugar industry effluent (SIE) is characterized as high organic load. The aim of this study is to treat SIE by bio-aerobic process in batch and continuous mode in bio-aeration reactor. In batch process, effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) in terms of effluent fill volume, and in continuous process, effect of HRT in terms of effluent feed rate was studied. In batch process, HRT of 2.5 d (fill volume = 0.8 dm3) was found to be the best and in continuous process, HRT of 1.37 d (feed rate = 133 mL/h) was found to be the best. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction by bio oxidation followed first order kinetics with respect to COD and the rate constant (K) was evaluated as 5.197 d−1. The sludge yield coefficient (a) and sludge endogenous oxidation coefficient (b) were also evaluated from sludge formation studies, which are 0.4 (gm VSS produced/g COD removed) and 0.1 (g VSS oxidized/day. g MLVSS in the aeration basin), respectively. In continuous process, the COD reduction of 83.12% of 4800 mg/dm3 and BOD reduction of 88.70% of 1240 mg/dm3 were obtained at HRT = 1.37 d. The results of the experiments show the SBR process to be an effective process for the treatment of SIE.
Associations between diabetes-related distress and predicted cardiovascular complication risks in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Young Clipper F. , Mullin Rachael , Moverley Joy A. , Shubrook Jay H.
Published: February 2022

Context

Diabetes-related distress (DRD) is experienced by nearly 50% of people with diabetes at any given time in their diagnosis. The effects of low socioeconomic status (SES) and lacking access to resources can increase DRD. In addition, cardiovascular (CV) complications associated with diabetes are associated with higher DRD scores.

Objectives

This study evaluated the associations between DRD and predicted CV risks in participants with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 234 individuals with low SES who were Medi-Cal (California version of Medicaid) beneficiaries and sought medical care at a safety-net clinic system. The Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) questionnaire assessed DRD levels. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Risk Engine was utilized to predict 10-year risks for coronary heart disease (CHD), fatal CHD, stroke, and fatal stroke. A multivariate linear regression model was constructed between the two variables, including other variables to control for potential confounding factors, for assessing the associations.

Results

After controlling for potential confounders, participants’ total PAID questionnaire scores were significantly associated with their 10-year predicted fatal CHD risks (B=0.060, 95% CI: [0.00084, 0.12], p=0.047).

Conclusions

After controlling for covariates, DRD levels exhibited a significant association with increased 10-year predicted fatal CHD risks in patients with type 2 diabetes and lower SES. Screening for DRD and provision of appropriate psychosocial interventions may reduce the risks of CHD in those with type 2 diabetes.
Impact of timing of preoperative gabapentin administration on postoperative somnolence
Authors: Ghaith Summer , Quillen Jaxon K. , Mead-Harvey Carolyn , Buras Matthew R. , Wasson Megan N.
Published: February 2022

Context

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal protocol aimed to improve quality of postoperative recovery, minimize complications, and optimize overall self-regulation. Preoperative gabapentin decreases postoperative pain but can be associated with prolonged postoperative somnolence and respiratory depression risk. Although it is known that gabapentin affects the postoperative course, it is unclear if the timing of preoperative administration affects this finding.

Objectives

This study aims to assess the optimal preoperative timing for gabapentin administration in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery to minimize postoperative somnolence risk.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study evaluated patients who underwent major gynecologic surgery and received preoperative gabapentin. Patients were grouped based on timing from gabapentin administration to surgical incision (<4 h group vs. ≥4 h group). Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were abstracted and compared. Univariate associations between the timing of gabapentin administration and the patient and surgical characteristics and outcomes were tested utilizing two-sample equal-variance t-tests, linear model ANOVA, or Fisher’s exact tests. Associations between the timing of gabapentin administration and the time until the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) score of 0 were modeled utilizing linear regression, adjusted for age, initial postoperative anesthesia care unit (PACU), RASS score, and postoperative narcotics.

Results

Each group contained 127 patients. Demographics were similar except for age (<4 h group mean=44.2 years; ≥4 h group mean=40.5 years; p=0.021), chronic pain (<4 h group=17.6%; ≥4 h group=43.3%; p<0.001), and surgical indication (<4 h group=pelvic pain [29.1%]; ≥4 h group=pelvic pain [51.2%]; p=0.007). The <4 h group had a similar postoperative narcotic administration (<4 h group mean morphine milligram equivalents [MME]=3.667; ≥4 h group mean MME=4.833; p=0.185). The minutes from surgical closure until the patient received a RASS score of 0 and initial PACU pain score (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]) were similar. The initial PACU oxygen administration volume, hours from surgical closure until the patient transitioned to room air, and initial PACU respiratory rate were similar. The PACU duration, admission secondary to somnolence, and initial PACU Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score showed no difference. Postoperative nausea/vomiting was decreased in the ≥4 h group (<4 h group=24.4%; ≥4 h group=13.4%; p-value=0.036), and urinary retention (<4 h group=14.2%; ≥4 h group=5.5%; p-value=0.033) was decreased in the ≥4 h group.

Conclusions

The timing of gabapentin administration less than or more than 4 h preoperatively in patients ≥18 years does not significantly affect postoperative somnolence or respiratory depression. Further, it does not have a significant effect on GCS scores or VAS scores.
Charities & Discrimination: Is Charity Law Always a Better Solution than Public Policy?
Authors: Murray Ian
Published: February 2022

Discrimination by charities raises questions about the appropriate extent of equality regulation and has implications for government outsourcing through charities and for the provision of tax concessions. Professor Parachin has recently provided a justification for denying the application of public equality norms to charities through the public policy test of charity law. This paper builds on that work by considering whether liberal societies might, however, have good grounds to apply public equality norms to charities in circumstances such as the provision of outsourced government services, state enforcement of egoistic giving, or where doing so is a proportionate means to prevent harm.
EQUITY CROWDFUNDING SUCCESS: AN EXAMINATION OF TITLE II OFFERINGS
Authors: HAYES SUZANNE , DORITY BREE L. , BORCHERS SARAH J.
Published: February 2022

Equity crowdfunding (ECF) is a relatively new financing model in the United States
(U.S). Many investors and small business owners are exploring this new avenue of capital
formation; however, it is a research area that is relatively unexplored due to the
limited availability of data. This paper examines factors related to campaign funding
success for companies seeking capital under Title II of the JOBS Act. Using a Tobit
regression we find that firms which report their equity capitalization raise a higher
percentage of their campaign ask. A lower minimum target amount is identified as a
second factor related to funding success. This study also shows that firms not reporting
a tagline raise a larger percent of their offer, underscoring the importance of quality
text descriptions. In addition, we find that economic conditions such as equity market
sentiment are important to ECF success.
Less is more: reliability and measurement error for three versions of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11, TSK-13, and TSK-17) in patients with high-impact chronic pain
Authors: Eiger Bettina , Errebo Mette , Straszek Christian Lund , Vaegter Henrik Bjarke
Published: February 2022

Objectives

The Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) is a valid and reliable tool to assess somatic focus and activity avoidance in patients. Currently, the test-retest reliability and measurement error for the Danish version is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC) for three Danish lengths of the TSK in patients with chronic pain.

Methods

Waiting-list patients (n = 77) completed the TSK-17 twice from home with a test interval between 7 and 14 days. Based on COSMIN recommendations, the test-retest reliability was estimated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1), and measurement error in terms of standard error of measurement (SEMagreement) and SDC95% were calculated.

Results

All three versions showed good test-retest reliability with ICC2,1-values (CI95%) of 0.86(0.79–0.91), 0.88(0.82–0.92) and 0.87(0.81–0.92) for the TSK-17, TSK-13, and TSK-11. The SEM-values were 3.08, 2.42 and 2.10 respectively and SDC95%-values were 8.53, 6.71 and 5.82.

Conclusions

The Danish versions of TSK-11, TSK-13 and TSK-17 showed good to excellent test-retest reliability. SEM and SDC95% values in patients with chronic pain are reported. The TSK-11 did not show systematic bias between test and retest and may be preferred to minimize responder burden.
“The Selling of American Girls”
Authors: Gwin Catherine Christensen
Published: February 2022

This article examines how white slave narratives in California helped inscribe social, cultural, and institutional divides at the U.S.-Mexico border during the Progressive Era. The predicament of American prostitution in Mexicali and Tijuana amplified fears of interracial sex, which readily translated into hysteria over white slavery throughout California. Consequently, concerned citizens decried the so-called trafficking of American girls at the border and contributed to growing demands for a more rigid international boundary. As such, this panic over white slavery and the “protection of white womanhood” helped construct both figurative and literal borders between the United States and Mexico between 1910 and 1930, an era recognized by scholars as a critical moment in the social reordering of California’s nonwhite inhabitants. Analysis of local newspapers, club records, vice reports, reformers’ correspondence, and government documents reveal that the ascription of racial difference rested upon lurid portrayals of sexual deviance in border towns—particularly among African Americans and the Chinese. Such representations colored the Mexican border, and perhaps Mexicans themselves, as menacing to both American women and the nation itself. These stories galvanized support for closing and fortifying the U.S.-Mexico line early in the century.
“The Walls Have Fallen”
Authors: Selassie I W. Gabriel
Published: February 2022

In 2021, June 19 (Juneteenth) became a federal holiday commemorating the emancipation of enslaved people of African descent in the United States. Prior to Juneteenth gaining official status, January 1 (Emancipation Day) was the de facto national holiday on which African Americans celebrated the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation and the end of slavery. From 1863 until the late twentieth century, African Americans throughout the nation celebrated what the black-owned journal The Elevator called “the greatest event in the history of the Colored people of America.” While several scholarly works focus on Emancipation Day celebrations throughout the United States, these studies have largely ignored how black westerners celebrated what was essentially “independence day” for African Americans.

This essay examines Emancipation Day celebrations in the African American communities of San Francisco, Sacramento, and Los Angeles. Emancipation Day celebrations illustrate how black Californians in the state’s largest African American communities used ritualized celebration and public dialogue to construct their new civic identities as free black men and women. Emancipation Day celebrations provided black Californians opportunities to testify to their aspirations as members of the American polity, and to their vision of themselves as upholders of liberty and beacons of freedom in post–Civil War America. Black Californians forthrightly used public commemorations of the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation to illustrate black community consciousness through the spirit of public festivals and civic celebrations, otherwise known as “public festive culture.” These public rituals did more than celebrate liberty: they legitimated black freedom and citizenship, honored the memory of Abraham Lincoln as God’s servant, and elaborated a political ethos powerful enough to unify African Americans as members of the American polity.
Stoned
Authors: Chesney Peter Sebastian
Published: February 2022

This article discusses a case study from my dissertation, “Drive Time,” which I am now expanding into a historical monograph. As a sensory historian, I am rereading the Watts rebellion of 1965, an event that officials, at the time, dismissed as “insensate.” By beginning with sensory data points, like the trajectories of the rocks that protesters threw, I foreground patterns of intentionality and meaning making that local law enforcement and others discounted or completely missed. For instance, protesters selectively pelted cars with white drivers and selected white-owned businesses for looting and burning. Local officials repeatedly focused attention on the intoxicated driver, who emerged as a racialized figure despite both statistical and anecdotal evidence that white Angelenos—especially police officers—also exhibited high rates of intoxication and even heavy substance use. As a book, I hope that Drive Time will illustrate the ways that historians can use historical evidence regarding sensation to reveal, for example, the level of consciousness (relative impairment) exhibited by drivers and others in such historical turning points as the Watts rebellion.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Hutan Gambut Baning Sintang
Authors: YPandayu Putra Harits Yowansyah , Yanti Ari Hepi , Riyandi Riyandi
Published: February 2022

Research about bird species diversity in Nature Park of Peat Forest Baning Sintang was conducted in December 2018 to February 2019. This study aims to obtain information about bird species diversity in four types area Nature Park of Peat Forest Baning Sintang and influence of vegetation, noise levels and human activities for bird species diversity. Data collection is done by determining the point and time of observation, observation of bird diversity, vegetation, measuring environment parameters, noise levels and human activities. The results of data collection were analyzed to description analysis and PCA. The results showed 32 species of birds and 989 birds were found. The highest diversity index is the primary forest type area (H '= 2.51) and the lowest diversity index is the residential type area (H' = 0.62). Based on PCA analysis, humidity is the most influential environmental factor in primary forest, while noise is the most influential environmental factor in residential.

Keywords: diversity; bird; Baning Sintang Forest, keanekaragaman; burung; Hutan Baning Sintang

 

Penelitian tentang Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Hutan Gambut Baning Sintang telah dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018 sampai Februari 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis burung di empat tipe kawasan TWA Hutan Gambut Baning Sintang dan  pengaruh vegetasi, tingkat kebisingan dan aktivitas manusia terhadap keanekaragaman jenis burung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menentukan titik dan waktu pengamatan, pengambilan data keanekaragaman dan kekayaan burung, vegetasi, mengukur parameter lingkungan, tingkat kebisingan dan aktivitas manusia. Hasil pengumpulan data dianalisis dan dihubungkan dengan analisis deskripsi dan PCA. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan 32 jenis burung dan 989 ekor burung yang ditemukan. Indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi berada di tipe penutupan lahan hutan primer (Hâ€™ = 2,51) dan indeks keanekaragaman terendah berada di tipe penutupan lahan pemukiman (Hâ€™ = 0,62). Berdasarkan analisis PCA, kelembaban adalah faktor lingkungan yang paling berpengaruh di hutan primer, sedangkan suara adalah faktor lingkungan yang paling berpengaruh di pemukiman.

Keywords: diversity; bird; Baning Sintang Forest, keanekaragaman; burung; Hutan Baning Sintang
LA PROTECCIÓN PENAL FRENTE A LA MINERÍA ILEGAL: LOS MODELOS DE COLOMBIA, PERÚ, BOLIVIA Y ECUADOR
Authors: Roma Valdés Antonio
Published: February 2022

La minería ilegal constituye un importante problema en naciones como Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia y Colombia, con graves afectaciones al medio ambiente y que tiene repercusiones en materias sensibles como la trata de personas o la financiación de grupos criminales organizados. La legislación penal de estos estados descansa su aplicación en la sanción de los actos mineros desarrollados sin la autorización administrativa en el marco de leyes que no siempre son claras y se extiende a supuestos como la aportación de financiación o medios peligrosos a los mineros. Sin embargo, las leyes penales de los estados no son siempre uniformes. Además, se dificulta la cooperación judicial internacional y existen limitaciones para la actuación de los ministerios públicos y las autoridades policiales de las distintas naciones afectadas.
El Ministerio Fiscal como especial garante en la prueba de inteligencia: la intensificación de su autonomía
Authors: Gutiérrez Begoña
Published: February 2022

En el presente artículo se trata de explorar, sobre la base de instituciones jurídicas previas, las posibilidades de que el Ministerio Fiscal pueda intensificar su rol de interlocutor con las Cortes Generales cuando en un proceso penal concurra prueba de inteligencia, de modo tal que se ponderen con mayor precisión los bienes jurídicos protegidos, buscando un mejor equilibrio entre las garant´ías de la persona encartada y el secreto de Estado.
La responsabilidad de proteger y las nuevas guerras: ¿una herramienta frente a los actores violentos no estatales?
Authors: Schreinmoser Christoph Rudolf
Published: February 2022

En los últimos decenios, los actores armados no estatales han adquirido una importancia cada vez mayor para las relaciones internacionales y la seguridad internacional. Esto va acompañado de una nueva categoría de conflictos armados, las nuevas guerras, que se caracterizan por una multitud de actores estatales, no estatales e híbridos, su carácter global y una economía sumergida descentralizada. En estos nuevos conflictos, la población civil se ha convertido en el principal objetivo de la violencia armada. Esto plantea importantes desafíos al orden internacional y al derecho internacional, ya que éstos se han desarrollado principalmente con respecto a los Estados como monopolistas del uso de la fuerza. La responsabilidad de proteger, cuyo objetivo es proteger a la población civil de las violaciones sistemáticas y graves de los derechos humanos, puede ser un instrumento útil para la gestión sostenible de esos conflictos. Sin embargo, para que esto sea posible, la aplicación del principio debe ser fundamentalmente rediseñada. En lugar de campañas de bombardeo desde el aire, se necesita un enfoque integral que combine las capacidades militares y civiles. Las intervenciones deben tener un carácter más policial y apoyar a los agentes locales para permitir una reforma sostenible de los Estados afectados. La atención debe centrarse en (re)establecer el estado de derecho y crear una economía legítima y social. Ese enfoque, que sitúa la seguridad humana en el centro y combina elementos de abajo arriba con el apoyo internacional, también podría contribuir a una solución a largo plazo del actual conflicto armado en Yemen, que actualmente representa una de las mayores crisis humanitarias del mundo. Sin embargo, esto requiere un replanteamiento por parte de los actores internacionales involucrados en el conflicto y un enfoque más proactivo por parte del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas.
Proceso de Paz en Colombia. El camino hacia una paz imperfecta
Authors: SAENZ DE SANTA MARIA GÓMEZ CESAR
Published: February 2022

El 24 de noviembre de 2016 se firmó el Acuerdo de Paz entre el gobierno de Colombia y las FARC-EP con el que se puso fin un conflicto que había durado más de 50 años. La firma del Acuerdo no solo daba fin a las hostilidades, sino que pretendía abrir la puerta a la reforma de muchos aspectos sociales que se encontraban en el origen del conflicto. Tres años después, los avances en las reformas propuestas han sido limitados y se mantienen muchos de los factores en los que la confrontación enterraba sus raíces. A la conflictividad social y política no resuelta por el Acuerdo, se une la presencia de grupos armados organizados que solapan y complementan sus actividades con estructuras del crimen organizado transnacional, comprometiendo la seguridad y actuación del Estado de acuerdo con el modelo de insurgencia criminal. La combinación del conjunto de todos estos factores genera una falta de estabilidad que crea ciertas dudas sobre la viabilidad de la paz en Colombia a medio y largo plazo.
Europos Sąjungos vidaus rinkos laisvių ir konkurencijos taisyklių poveikis Lietuvos sveikatos apsaugos sistemos organizavimui ir reguliavimui
Authors:   , Janeckaitė Rūta
Published: February 2022

The impact of the European Union internal market freedoms and competition rules on the organisation and regulation of the Lithuanian system of health protection
FIRST RECORD OF Crematogaster carinata (FORMICIDAE) NESTING IN THE FRUITS OF Macropsychanthus (LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEAE)
Authors: Fonseca-Cortés Andrés , Sanabria-Baquero Esteban
Published: February 2022

Most of the ants that are associated with plants usually nests in vegetative organs such as stems, leaves o petioles. Aiming to contribute to the plant-insect interactions, we report the first record of Crematogaster carinata nesting inside the fruits of Macropsychanthus comosus. We did fieldwork in two localities of department of Antioquia and one of the Bolivar department, we opened 32 pods and determined the insects inside them. We found Crematogaster carinata and a beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) inside. 15 of the 32 pods had ants (47 %), but only seven of them had queens (22 %). The ants left the falling pods. The beetle larvae drilled 15 seeds (14 %). This report points the importance of the research in legume-insect interactions, ant-behavior, trophic webs, and trade-off relationships research.
TEORÍA CELULAR EN LOS CURSOS DE BOTÁNICA DE FRANCISCO BAYÓN EN LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA (1868-1875)
Authors: Marquínez Xavier , Muñoz-Durán  Joao , Usaquén William
Published: February 2022

La fundación de la Universidad Nacional de los Estados Unidos de Colombia en 1867 ocurre casi una década después de la publicación del origen de las especies de Darwin (1859) y de la publicación de Die Cellular pathologie de Virchow (1859), textos representativos de las dos teorías básicas que sustentan la biología moderna: la teoría de evolución por selección natural y la teoría celular. Analizando las fuentes históricas primarias y secundarias determinamos que en la Escuela de Ciencias Naturales se enseñó entre 1868 y 1875 la teoría celular. El curso de botánica de Francisco Bayón (1868) explicó esta teoría, incluyendo las propuestas de Schleiden, Mirbel, Möhl y Unger; así como los procesos de polinización y fecundación de las plantas. La desactualización en algunos aspectos se explica porque las fuentes principales de Bayón son textos editados en España y Francia y por la ausencia de traducciones de los trabajos pioneros que surgían en Alemania. La Escuela de Ciencias Naturales dio un paso desde la historia natural hasta la biología moderna al incluir en sus cursos la teoría celular.