bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARBORIZAÇÃO E ENXAMES POPULOSOS GARANTEM A TERMORREGULAÇÃO DO INTERIOR DO NINHO DE Apis melífera
Authors: Kill-Silveira Rafael , Ferreira Campos David , Silva Dionei José
Published: January 2021

Objetivou-se com este experimento identificar o local ideal da colmeia para se aferir a temperatura interna, e avaliar se a temperatura interna é afetada pelo tamanho da população de abelhas, e verificar se na região sudoeste do Estado de Mato Grosso o manejo de manter as colmeias sob ambiente arborizado no verão ou em pleno sol no inverno contribui para a homeostase térmica. O estudo foi conduzido no setor de apicultura da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT. Foram utilizadas 12 colmeias de Apis mellifera. Foram mensuradas as temperaturas no alvado e do ambiente e através de três furos, um na frente e outro a trás (ambos no centro), e o terceiro na parte de trás do lado direito inferior. Foram contados o número de quadros com crias (ovos, larvas e pupas). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis, e posteriormente foi empregado o pós-teste de Nemenyi, utilizando o pacote PMCMR do software R versão 3.6.1. Identificou-se que ao avaliar a termorregulação em abelhas deve-se mensurar a temperatura no interior do ninho, onde estão as crias. Enxames pouco populosos não mantêm a homeostase térmica, ficando sujeitos a morte ou abandono do local habitado. Para a região sudoeste do Estado de Mato Grosso a manutenção das colmeias à sombra de árvores no período quente do ano contribui para manter a temperatura dentro dos limites ótimos para Apis mellifera, no entanto, no inverno os enxames devem estar populosos para não sofrerem grandes variações de temperatura interna.
ESTRATÉGIAS TERRITORIAIS DE SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE PESCADORES NO DISTRITO DE SÃO JOÃO DO ABADE
Authors: De Sousa Hugo Pinon , Da Silva Christian Nunes , Da Silva João Marcio Palheta , Da Silva Edinael Pinheiro
Published: January 2021

A área de estudo da presente pesquisa, o distrito de São João do Abade, no município de Curuçá, no estado do Pará, Norte do Brasil, é um dos principais entrepostos pesqueiros da região. Com uma diversidade de frigoríficos, bem como de armazéns e do próprio mercado municipal, reúne as condições, para agregar relevância, no que concerne ao desenvolvimento do setor pesqueiro. Em Curuçá, pratica-se a pesca comercial de tipo artesanal, segundo o artigo 8°, § 1°, da Lei n° 11.959, de 29 de junho de 2009. Esta pesquisa partiu da premissa de que esses pescadores comerciais de tipo artesanal se dividem em dois grupos distintos, em Curuçá: os pescadores autônomos e os pescadores subordinados aos marreteiros, ao qual ambos vendem o seu pescado no distrito de São João do Abade. Para se manter e para sobreviver, enquanto segmento social na atividade de pesca, esses dois grupos desenvolvem estratégias territoriais e, para analisar essas ações pragmáticas e os conflitos entre os agentes envolvidos, utilizou-se, como metodologia investigativa deste estudo, o mapeamento participativo, com auxílio do sistema de posicionamento global (GPS), junto a esses atores sociais, somado com entrevistas estruturadas, com questionários e com registros fotográficos in loco da realidade da pesquisa.
Efecto de diferentes proporciones de luz LED azul:roja en plantas de chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
Authors: Mendoza Paredes Jorge Enrique , Castillo-González Ana María , Avitia-García Edilberto , García-Mateos María del Rosario , Valdéz-Aguilar Luis Alonso
Published: January 2021

El chile habanero es el cultivo hortícola de mayor im­portancia económica en la península de Yucatán. Este podría desarrollarse en ambiente controlado con iluminación LED y permitiría tener una producción continua, con un aumento exponencial de rendimiento y estar libre de plagas y enfer­medades. Los objetivos fueron evaluar el efecto de cinco proporciones de luz LED azul:roja y un testigo fluorescente sobre crecimiento en planta, concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos, compuestos fenólicos y nutrimental en hoja; germinación de polen, grosor de hoja, anatomía de ovario y antera de chile habanero ‘Mayan Ba’alché’ bajo condiciones controladas de crecimiento. Los resultados mostraron que los tratamientos no indujeron un efecto en crecimiento de plan­ta. La luz roja favoreció el rendimiento de frutos y frecuencia estomática. La luz roja monocromática favoreció la concen­tración de pigmentos fotosintéticos, Mg y Mn e indujo menor concentración de P y Cu. La luz azul monocromática favoreció la concentración de compuestos fenólicos. El testigo indujo mayor concentración de K entre algunos tratamientos LED e incrementó la germinación de polen y el grosor de hoja al igual que la luz azul monocromática. La anatomía de los óvu­los en ovarios y el polen en anteras no presentaron ningún efecto por los tratamientos.
Caracterización tecno-funcional de un concentrado proteínico obtenido de la semilla de mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Ulloa José Armando
Published: January 2021

Se evaluaron las propiedades funcionales de un concentrado proteínico de semilla de mango obtenido por extracción alcalina seguido de precipitación isoeléctrica. Los contenidos de proteína, grasa, cenizas y carbohidratos totales del concentrado proteínico fueron 70.04%, 4.03%, 3.82% y 22.11%, respectivamente, mientras que las capacidades de absorción de agua y aceite, capacidad de emulsificación y concentración mínima de gelificación fueron de 11.54 g/g proteína, 3.20 g/g proteína, 169.70 mL/g proteína y 3%. El valor de pH afectó la actividad y estabilidad de emulsión, capacidad y estabilidad de la espuma, así como la formación del gel del concentrado proteínico. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, el concentrado proteínico de la semilla de mango podría usarse como ingrediente en productos de panificación, carnes procesadas, mayonesa, aderezos para ensalada, jaleas y postres.
Genome-wide Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors Family in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Shende Rajendra Tukaram , Singh Reeva , Kumar Arun , Sengar Rakesh Singh
Published: January 2021

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is used as a protein source across the world. In plants WRKY transcription factors play an important role in regulation of stress resistance. An attempt was made to analyze WRKY genes in chickpea using genomic data. Methods: In this In Silico investigation during 2018-2019, to analyze the WRKY genes in chickpea using genomic data. iTak database are used to obtain gene data. Bioinformatics tools were used to analyzed the chickpea genomic data. Result: This study reported 61 Car WRKY genes, located on the seven main chromosomes of chickpea. Great variations were reported in terms of protein length, molecular weight, grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY) value and theoretical isoelectric points of Car WRKYs. Gene Structure Display Server (GSDS) demonstrated that the Car WRKY 56 gene lack introns. Phylogenetic analysis of Car WRKY proteins divided in three main groups (I, II and III); group II was divided into three subgroups like IIa, IIb and IIc. By this an attempt has made to provide novel information on Car WRKY genes to study abiotic stress mechanism in chickpea.
Effect of F2 Inter se Mating on Quantitative Traits Mean, Range, Variance and Heritability in Dolichos Bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet var. Lignosus)
Authors: . Chandrakant , Ramesh S. , Vaijayanthi P.V. , Rao A. Mohan , Shivakumar M.S.
Published: January 2021

Background: Pedigree method of breeding in predominantly self-pollinated crop like dolichos bean enable exploiting only fixable genetic effects as a result of rapid increase in homozygosis. One or a few cycles of inter-mating in F2 generation help create populations with high frequency of desired recombinants which otherwise cannot be realized in later generations. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the impact of inter se mating in F2 population on nine quantitative traits’ (QTs) mean and variability parameters. Methods: Randomly selected 20 pairs of a single cross-derived F2 plants with flowering synchrony were inter se mated. Progenies derived from 20 paired crosses (designated as BIP F3 progenies) and those (F3) derived from their 40 F2 parents were evaluated for 9 QTs. Statistics such as mean, absolute range (AR) and standardized range (SR), variance (σ2), additive genetic variance (σ2A) and narrow-sense heritability (NS-h2) were estimated. BIP F3 progenies were compared with those of F3 progenies for QTs mean, AR/SR, σ2, σ2A and NS-h2. Significance of differences between BIP F3 progenies and F3 progenies for mean and σ2 were examined using two-sample t test and Levene’s tests, respectively. Result: The random mating in F2 population was effective in increasing the means, variances, σ2A and NS-h2 of racemes plant-1, fresh pods node-1, fresh pods plant-1 and fresh pod yield plant-1 in dolichos bean. Considering that random mating followed by selfing is a method of genetic improvement for future breeding rather than for immediate use, our results suggest long-term genetic gain and better prospects of deriving superior pure-lines with desired traits/combination of traits from inter-mated population in dolichos bean.
Die wonderbare Heilige Gees én die Vader van liefde - 'n Missionêre teologie
Authors: Verster Pieter
Published: January 2021

Pieter Verster dra uit die ryk en ryp oesland van die Ou en Nuwe Testament ’n oorvloed gerwe. ’n Uitnemende geleerde is hier aan die woord. Die Persoon en werk van die Heilige Gees, die derde Persoon van God Drie-enig, word vars en nuut belig. Dit geld ook vir die skywer se ander sentrale teologiese insigte. Die boek getuig van ’n gedeë studie; dit is ’n meesterstuk. Dit sal nie slegs die vakkenner boei nie, maar elke leser sal deur die boek tot helderheid gelei word. Hierdie boek is soos ’n fontein helder murmelende water wat hoop aan dorstige en moedelose mense gee wat in die greep van armoede, korrupsie en rassisme vasgevang is. Met die boek staan Pieter Verster nie slegs nasionaal nie, maar ook internasionaal op die voorpunt van liggewende perspektiewe op die wese van en uitdagings aan die Missionêre Teologie. - Prof. Cas Vos Hierdie boek van Pieter Verster gee ’n indrukwekkende perspektief. Sending gaan daaroor om die blye boodskap te bring van Christus wat vir ons gekruisig is. Ons het ’n boodskap vir hierdie wêreld van COVID-19, van die korrupte politiek, van die armoede, van die misdaad, van sondige en moedelose mense. God beloof nie dat alles reg sal kom nie. Hy het hierdie werklikheid tot op die afskuwelikste gedeel. En Hy het daaraan, aan die konkrete werklikheid van Suid-Afrika van 2020, gesterf. Maar Hy het opgestaan, nie om nou alles reg te maak nie, maar sodat ons as ons sterf aan hierdie onheil steeds mag bely dat ons met Christus sal opstaan. Wanneer ons geen voortgang sien nie, moet ons nie moedeloos word nie: in die wêreld kan ons net ’n bietjie vir mekaar doen en het ons verdrukking, maar Hy het die wêreld oorwin: Christus leef en ons sal saam met Hom leef. Dis evangelie, ’n blye berig vir moedelose en hooplose mense. - Prof. Bram van de Beek
PROFITABILTAS MEMODERASI LIKUIDITAS DAN GROWTH OPPORTUNITY TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Retnasari Ati , Setiyowati Supami Wahyu , Irianto Mochamad Fariz
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine whether provitability is able to moderate the relationship of liquidity and growth to the value of the company. The value of the company is a value that reflects the credibility of the company in the eyes of the public, especially investors and prospective investors. The sample of this research is 58. This study uses multiple analyst regressions in the data analyst. The results showed that liquidity and growth had a negative effect on firm value. Profitability moderates the relationship of liquidity and growth to the value of the company.
FAKTOR PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII)
Authors: Salsabila Nadiah Ayu , Miranti Titis
Published: January 2021

Jakarta Islamic Index is a stock index in the IDX that can use as an alternative In Islamic investment. In choosing an investment object in Islamic stocks, it necessary to pay attention to the financial ratios and stock prices of companies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of financial ratios on stock prices on companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). The type of this research is quantitative. The population of 56 companies registered on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) for the 2012-2018 period with a sample of 11 companies. The analysis model use panel data regression using Eviews software. The type of data uses secondary data accessed through the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) website. The results showed that earning per share variable has a significant effect on stock prices. While the current ratio, debt to equity ratio, total assets turnover and net profit margin variables have no significant impact on stock prices. Simultaneously variables of current ratio, debt to equity ratio, total assets turnover, net profit margin and earning per share have significant effects on stock prices. The contribution of this research can use as a reference for companies to pay attention to financial ratios that affect stock prices.
PENGARUH SANKSI PERPAJAKAN DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK
Authors: Syafira Erika Zahra Afifah , Nasution R.
Published: January 2021

The porpuse of this research is to know the impact of tax penalties and the quality of service on taxpayer’s obedience. The data that used in this research is primary data that obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to sample that represent the criteria of the population. The population of this research is taxpayer of KPP Pratama Cikarang Selatan. As for the sample of this reaserch is 100 respondents, that determined by the slovin formula. The methods of this research for validity data is used validity test and reability test. To perevent any bias of use regretion models on research, then used a classical assumption test. The analysis technique that used is multiple regression analysis. For hypothetical test in this research used the t-test that is a partial test and F-test that is a simultaneous test. The result of this research is 1. The tax penalties have a positive and significant impact on taxpayer’s obedience 2. The quality of servis have a positive and significant impact in taxpayer’s obedience. 3. The tax penalties and the quality of service have impact in taxpayer’s obedience.
Uso de la realidad aumentada, gamificación y m-learning
Authors: Claros-Perdomo Danna Camila , Millán-Rojas Edwin Eduardo , Gallego-Torres Adriana Patricia
Published: January 2021

La realidad aumentada, la gamificación y m-learning ocupan hoy en día un lugar importante en la educación, dadas las ventajas que ha supuesto el uso de las tecnologías móviles, de manera independiente o en combinación con otros escenarios tecnológicos y los diferentes dispositivos que inciden en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las disciplinas o que sirven de puente para mejoras diversos procesos mediados por las TIC en la enseña y/o el aprendizaje. En este sentido el artículo que aquí se presenta, muestra un estudio analítico que se desarrolló bajo una metodología exploratoria, descriptiva de corte interpretativo de las categorías realidad aumentada, gamificación y m-learning, a partir de una caracterización en las bases de datos, se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las principales bases de datos tales como, Sciencedirect, Scopus y web Science, obteniendo 100 artículos de referencia. De esta manera se encontró que estas tres categorías determinadas como estrategias de enseñanza influyen significativamente en la motivación, el interés por el conocimiento, la retención y la comprensión de la información para el desarrollo de los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje. El método utilizado permitió desarrollar la descripción del panorama acerca del uso la realidad aumentada, m-learning y gamificación en la enseñanza básica, media y superior.
Heideggers Denken. Anmerkungen zur Rezeptionsgeschichte der Philosophie
Authors: Trawny Peter
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo parte de la afirmación de que la historia de la filosofía se ha objetualizado en escritos, obras y discursos, que constituyen la base de su recepción. Se indaga en segundo lugar si esta recepción permite captar lo más propio de lo que es la filosofía y no solamente la comprensión de la misma desde la perspectiva europea. Con base en este punto de partida se reflexiona en torno al carácter propio de la filosofía en Martin Heidegger, resaltando la influencia de ésta más allá de su recepción académico-institucional (caso de los Cuadernos negros, por ejemplo). Los puntos fundamentales que se enuncian al respecto son: a) no se puede decir que Heidegger tenga una filosofía, pues él mismo no admite etiqueta alguna, b) si la actividad filosófica se convierte en una profesión –se institucionaliza–, cuya técnica consiste en poner simplemente en relación la lectura de textos, se pierde allí lo que realmente debe acontecer: el pensar mismo, c) es por ello que con el pensar mismo no se trata de resultados alrededor del conocimiento, sino de caminos y encaminamientos (Be-Wegung), d) tal pensar no produce conceptos estables, sino términos que en el movimiento del pensar se transforman y conducen a neologismos, e) de esta manera el asunto del pensar es un Nicht-Sache o un Un-Sache, algo no señalable, f) en la pregunta por el sentido del ser se despliega el espacio y el tiempo en el que se puede encaminar el pensar.
Editorial
Authors: Rocha de la Torre Alfredo
Published: January 2021

.
New method for the numerical solution of the Fredholm linear integral equation on a large interval
Authors: Lemita Samir , Guebbai Hamza , Sedka Ilyes , Zine Aissaoui Mohamed
Published: January 2021

The traditional numerical process to tackle a linear Fredholm integral equation on a large interval is divided into two parts, the first is discretization, and the second is the use of the iterative scheme to approach the solutions of the huge algebraic system. In this paper we propose a new method based on constructing a generalization of the iterative scheme, which is adapted to the system of linear bounded operators. Then we don’t discretize the whole system, but only the diagonal part of the system. This system is built by transforming our integral equation. As discretization we consider the product integration method and the Gauss–Seidel iterative method as iterative scheme. We also prove the convergence of this new method. The numerical tests developed show its effectiveness.
Kabiru’s Value Survey: A New Optimized Method of Values Measurement
Authors: Abdullahi Kabir Bindawa
Published: January 2021

Qualitative and quantitative values estimation is a crucial aspect of social data science and plays a vital role in social and psychological research. Numerous methods of personal values measurement such as Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) and its re-modified versions have been proposed and invented, but many are challenged with one or more limitations. In this article, an alternative approach in a new paradigm of values measurement called Kabiru’s Value Survey (KVS) was proposed to measure the relative degree of importance or significance attached to particular value-actions of an individual(s) in a given population over a period. The methodological innovations in KVS unlike other existing methods of human value measurement include the use of habitually reported practices associated with a particular value-action in place of judging the series of Schwartz hypothetical statements, the use of multiple dependent variables rather than a single coded hypothetical statement. In terms of data analysis, a new approach of multivariate compression is introduced which merges the chain of multiple dependent variables into one coded scale. Psychometric result interpretation is also another innovative aspect of KVS methodology. Finally, the proposed methodology however solved some of the criticized limitations of the other methods of human value measurement.
Elevated Proportions of Activated Nk Cells at Diagnosis Predict a Favourable Prognosis in Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Lobinger Dominik , Gempt Jens , Sievert Wolfgang , Barz Melanie , Schmitt Sven , Nguyen Huyen , Stangl Stefan , Werner Caroline , Wang Fei , Wu Zhiyuan , Fan Hengyi , Zanth Hannah , Shevtsov Maxim , Pilz Mathias , Riederer Isabelle , Schwab Melissa , Schlegel Juergen , Multhoff Gabriele
Published: January 2021

Despite rapid progress in the treatment of many cancers, glioblastoma remains a devastating disease with dismal prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify immune-related biomarkers that more effectively predict outcome of glioblastoma. Since heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and IL-2 are known to increase the expression of activatory NK cell receptors, recognizing aggressive human tumor cells that present Hsp70 on their cell surface, extracellular Hsp70 levels were determined in glioma patients together with activatory NK cell receptors. All gliomas are membrane Hsp70-positive (mHsp70+) and high grade gliomas more frequently show an overexpression of Hsp70 in the nucleus and cytosol. Significantly increased extracellular Hsp70 levels are detected predominantly in glioblastomas with large necrotic areas. Overall survival (OS) is more favorable in patients with low Hsp70 serum levels indicating that a high Hsp70 expression is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Elevated frequencies of NK cells are associated with a more favorable outcome. Of caution, a glucocorticoid therapy reduces the prevalence of NK cells. In summary, elevated frequencies of Hsp70-reactive NK cells at diagnosis and lower Hsp70 levels predict a more favorable prognosis in glioblastoma patients.
Regeneration of Pinus Halepensis (Mill) through Organogenesis from Apical Shoot Buds
Authors: Pereira Cátia , Montalbán Itziar A. , Pedrosa Ana , Tavares Jéssica , Pestryakov Alexey , Bogdanchikova Nina , Canhoto Jorge , Moncaleán Paloma
Published: January 2021

Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis have been widely applied as the two main regeneration pathways in plant tissue culture. However, recalcitrance is still a main restriction in the clonal propagation of many woody species, especially in conifers. They undergo a “phase change” that leads to significant loss of organogenic and embryogenic capacity, thus reducing the responsive tissues or organs to juvenile material, and narrowing the competence window. In this sense, in vitro regeneration of mature conifer trees has been a long-cherished goal in many laboratories worldwide. In this work, apical shoot buds were used as explants for both organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in order to cloning mature trees of Aleppo pine. Reinvigorated axillary shoots were submitted to somatic embryogenesis induction through the manipulation of culture media, including the use of auxins such as 2,4-D and NAA, cytokinins (BA and kinetin) and phytosulfokine (50, 100 and 200 nM). Although somatic embryos could not be obtained, embryogenic-like tissue was produced followed by the appearance of actively proliferating non-embryogenic calli and differences between treatments were found, especially when phytosulfokine was added to the induction media. Organogenic system produced reinvigorated shoots from both BA treatments tested (22 and 44 µM), from juvenile somatic trees and adult trees, and ex-vitro acclimatized plants were developed.
Metabolite Transporter and Its Impact on Metabolic Engineering Approaches
Authors: Gomaa fadl Mostafa
Published: January 2021

Metabolite transport across cellular membranes is a key feature of living organisms. Specialized proteins or protein complexes mediate such transport processes and are accessible to genetic engineering approaches. This special issue will reflect on the different transport between cellular compartments. It will provide an overview about different transporter classes and metabolic engineering approaches in different organisms ranging from Bacteria to Eukarya. The transport mechanisms energetics of these compounds were thought little of, and most consideration was given to the designing of metabolic pathways. Gram-negative microbes discharge a wide scope of proteins whose capacities incorporate biogenesis of organelles, for example, pilli and flagella, supplement securing, destructiveness, and efflux of medications and different poisons. Six particular emission frameworks have been appeared to intervene protein send out through the inward and external layers of Gram-negative microbes. These pathways are exceptionally monitored all through the Gram-negative bacterial species. In Gram-positive microscopic organisms, discharged proteins are usually moved across the single layer by the Sec pathway or the two-arginine (Tat) pathway. Recently efforts focused on transporter and metabolite engineering, visualize the improvement and enhancement of microbial cell to pass such metabolites these metabolite carrier proteins are inserted into the inner membrane of mitochondria across the inner membrane, specialized carrier proteins are necessary that mediate the transport into and out of the mitochondrial matrix. Two main strategies for metabolic engineering in plants: the introduction of genes encoding new enzymes and the use of TFs controlling specialized metabolic pathways
Mobile Phones Facilitation of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Initiatives: Health Students Initial Perspectives
Authors: Barfi Kwaku , Nsiah-Asamoah Christiana , Twum Rosemary , Ainooson – Noonoo Daniel
Published: January 2021

Students are regarded as frequent users of mobile phones which has proven to be a convenient and acceptable method to promote healthy lifestyle. Students usually engage in relatively high levels of risky behavior and make unhealthy lifestyle choices, a study that investigates how health students access health information is necessary. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study which was undertaken among third-year nursing students from three nurses training institutions in Ghana. A total of 270 students participated in the study. Most of the respondents who were currently subscribers of the health messages reported that they usually received health information on reproductive health issues, nutrition, and practicing safe sex. Most of the health students revealed that they needed more information on safe sex, diet, managing weight, and stress management. The results also show that health students are likely to remember and share short messages with friends. The findings serve as an ‘eye-opener’ for health educators and mobile service providers concerning factors that should be taken into consideration when framing health text messages that will attract health students.
The Multiple Cellular Roles of SMUG1 in Genome Maintenance and Cancer
Authors: Raja Sripriya , Van Houten Bennett
Published: January 2021

Single-stand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase 1 (SMUG1) works to remove uracil and certain oxidized bases from DNA during base excision repair (BER). This review provides a historical characterization of SMUG1 and 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-hmdU) one important substrate of this enzyme. Biochemical and structural analyses provide remarkable insight into the mechanism of this glycosylase revealing SMUG1 has a unique helical wedge which influences damage recognition during repair. Rodent studies suggest that, while SMUG1 shares substrate specificity with another uracil glycosylase UNG2, loss of SMUG1 can have unique cellular phenotypes. This review highlights the multiple roles SMUG1 may play in preserving genome stability, and how the loss of SMUG1 activity may promote cancer. Finally, we discuss recent studies indicating SMUG1 has moonlighting functions beyond BER, playing a critical role in RNA processing including the RNA component of telomerase.
Genome Features of Asaia sp. W12 Isolated from the Mosquito Anopheles stephensi Reveal Symbiotic Traits
Authors: Chen Shicheng , Yu Ting , Terrapon Nicolas , Henrissat Bernard , Walker Edward
Published: January 2021

Asaia bacteria commonly comprise part of the microbiome of many mosquito species in the genera Anopheles and Aedes, including important vectors of infectious agents. Their close association with multiple organs and tissues of their mosquito hosts enhances the potential for paratransgenesis for delivery of anti-malaria or anti-virus effectors. The molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions between Asaia and mosquito hosts, as well as Asaia and other bacterial members of the mosquito microbiome, remained unexplored. Here, we determined the genome sequence of the strain W12 isolated from Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, compared them to other Asaia species associated with plants or insects, and investigated some properties of the bacteria relevant to their symbiosis with host mosquitoes. The assembled genome of strain W12 has a size of 3.94 MB, which is the largest among Asaia spp studied so far. At least 3,585 coding sequences were predicted. The insect-associated Asaia including strain W12 carried more glycoside hydrolase (GH) encoding genes (31 per genome) than those isolated from plants (22 per genome). W12 had the most predicted regulatory protein components (213) among the selected Asaia (ranging from 131 to 211), indicating its great capability to adapt to frequent environmental changes in the mosquito gut. Two complete operons encoding cytochrome bo3-type ubiquinol terminal oxidases (cyoABCD-1 and cyoABCD-2) were found in most of Asaia genomes, which possibly offer alternative terminal oxidases and allow the flexible transition of respiratory pathways. Genes involved in the production of acetoin and 2,3-butandiol have been identified in Asaia sp. W12.
A general framework of particle swarm optimization
Authors: Nguyen Loc
Published: January 2021

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an effective algorithm to solve the optimization problem in case that derivative of target function is inexistent or difficult to be determined. Because PSO has many parameters and variants, I propose a general framework of PSO called GPSO which aggregates important parameters and generalizes important variants so that researchers can customize PSO easily. Moreover, two main properties of PSO are exploration and exploitation. The exploration property aims to avoid premature converging so as to reach global optimal solution whereas the exploitation property aims to motivate PSO to converge as fast as possible. These two aspects are equally important. Therefore, GPSO also aims to balance the exploration and the exploitation. It is expected that GPSO supports users to tune parameters for not only solving premature problem but also fast convergence.
A Standard Model Neutrino Oscillation
Authors: Hayes Robert B.
Published: January 2021

This work argues the mass term in the neutrino wavefunction propagator is due to entanglement with its associated origins. The implication being that neutrino flavor is conserved in weak processes and shared among all particles emanating from the last interaction with a nucleon. In so doing, the neutrino mass propagator is real but not ascribed to the neutrino outside of entanglement. The proposed theory will be readily testable in that reactor and solar neutrinos will oscillate but both muon decay neutrinos and accelerator neutrinos created by pure lepton interactions will not oscillate..
Lepton Pair Production with Only One Charge Available - Neutrino
Authors: Lehto Ari
Published: January 2021

According to observations leptons are always produced in pairs. Both particles can be electrically charged, or just one, in which case the charged particle is accompanied by a particle specific neutrino. The period doubling process in nonlinear dynamical systems creates stable pair structures from the Planck units. The electron-positron pair is one of the stable structures, and the rest mass, electric charge and magnetic moment can be accurately calculated by the period doubling process. That the pair structure is stable means, that e.g., an electron and a positron are always born together. In the muon decay one of the pair is charged, while the other remains chargeless because there is only one charge available. It is suggested in this article that neutrino is the chargeless part of the lepton pair.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Clinically Important Outcome Values in Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Ueland Thomas E. , Disantis Ashley , Carreira Dominic S. , Martin RobRoy L.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Defining success in hip arthroscopy through patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) is complicated by the wide range of available questionnaires and overwhelming amount of information on how to interpret scores. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID), patient acceptable symptom state (PASS), and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) are collectively known as clinically important outcome values (CIOVs). These CIOVs provide benchmarks for meaningful improvement. The aims of this review were to update the evidence regarding joint-specific PROMs used for hip arthroscopy and to collate available CIOVs in this population.

Methods:

A systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase databases was performed to identify studies reporting measurement properties of PROMs utilized for hip arthroscopy. Metrics of reliability, validity, and responsiveness were extracted and graded according to an international Delphi study. Questionnaire interpretability was evaluated through CIOVs.

Results:

Twenty-six studies were reviewed. One study validated a novel questionnaire, 3 studies validated existing questionnaires, and 22 studies reported CIOVs. The most evidence supporting interpretability was found for the Hip Outcome Score (HOS, 11 studies), modified Harris hip score (mHHS, 10 studies), and International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHOT-12, 9 studies). Scores indicative of the smallest perceptible versus substantial clinically relevant changes were reported for the iHOT-12 (12 to 15 versus 22 to 28), iHOT-33 (10 to 12 versus 25 to 26), HOS-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL, 9 to 10 versus 10 to 16), HOS-Sports (14 to 15 versus 25 to 30), and mHHS (7 to 13 versus 20 to 23). Absolute postoperative scores indicative of an unsatisfactory versus a desirable outcome were reported for the iHOT-12 (below 56 to 63 versus above 86 to 88), iHOT-33 (below 58 versus above 64 to 82), HOS-ADL (below 87 to 92 versus above 94), HOS-Sports (below 72 to 80 versus above 78 to 86), and mHHS (below 74 to 85 versus above 83 to 95).

Conclusions:

Six questionnaires had reported clinically important outcome thresholds, with the HOS, mHHS, and iHOT-12 having the most information to support score interpretation. Thresholds for the HOS, mHHS, iHOT-12, and iHOT-33 describe desirable absolute PROM scores and minimum and substantial change scores within 5 years following hip arthroscopy. Despite substantial heterogeneity in calculation methodology, included cohorts, and follow-up time, available interpretability values could be meaningfully summarized.

Clinical Relevance:

In light of increasing use of PROMs in orthopaedics, a summary of the available CIOVs provides guidance for clinicians in mapping numerical scores from PROMs onto clinical benchmarks.
Periprosthetic Fractures Through Tracking Pin Sites Following Computer Navigated and Robotic Total and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Smith Tyler J. , Siddiqi Ahmed , Forte Salvador A. , Judice Anthony , Sculco Peter K. , Vigdorchik Jonathan M. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Springer Bryan D.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Use of computer-assisted navigation (CAN) and robotic-assisted (RA) surgery in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) both necessitate the use of tracking pins rigidly fixed to the femur and tibia. Although periprosthetic fractures through tracking pin sites are rare, there is a paucity of literature on this potential complication. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the current literature to assess the incidence and clinical outcomes of periprosthetic fractures through tracking pin sites following CAN and RA TKA and UKA.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases in April 2020. Studies were assessed for the presence of pin site fractures, fracture characteristics, and clinical outcomes.

Results:

Seventeen clinical studies (5 case series, 1 cohort study, and 11 case reports) involving 29 pin-related fractures were included for review. The overall incidence ranged from 0.06% to 4.8%. The mean time from index arthroplasty to fracture was 9.5 weeks (range, 0 to 40 weeks). The majority of fractures occurred in the femoral diaphysis (59%). Nineteen fractures (66%) were displaced and 10 (34%) were nondisplaced or occult. The majority of cases were atraumatic in nature or involved minor trauma and were typically preceded by persistent leg pain. A transcortical pin trajectory, large pin diameter (>4 mm), diaphyseal fixation, multiple placement attempts, and the use of non-self-drilling, non-self-tapping pins were the most commonly reported risk factors for pin-related periprosthetic fractures following CAN or RA TKA.

Conclusions:

Surgeons should maintain a high index of suspicion for pin-related fractures in patients with ongoing leg or thigh pain after CAN or RA TKA in order to avoid fracture displacement and additional morbidity. As CAN and RA TKA have unique complication risks, the debate regarding the value of technology-assisted TKA and its cost-effectiveness continues.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Políticas y Negocios para la Bioeconomía en ALC: Un proceso en marcha
Authors: Chavarría Hugo , Trigo Eduardo , Martínez Juan F.
Published: January 2021

A nivel productivo, desde hace más de 30 años diversos países de América Latina y el Caribe gestan modelos de negocios que transitan por diferentes vías de la bioeconomía. Hoy algunos de esos países son líderes en aplicaciones biotecnológicas para la agricultura, bioenergías, aprovechamiento de la biodiversidad y agricultura baja en carbono. En el ámbito político–institucional, el concepto de bioeconomía llegó a la región de la mano de proyectos impulsados por la cooperación europea, que permitieron avanzar en la sensibilización del tema. En paralelo, los países han desarrollado iniciativas y normativas para aquellos senderos de la bioeconomía de mayor potencial. Solo recientemente los países iniciaron la construcción de políticas y estrategias dedicadas específicamente a la bioeconomía. Además de los esfuerzos nacionales, la cooperación internacional ha desempeñado un papel importante en la promoción de iniciativas regionales para la construcción de bienes públicos y el aprovechamiento de buenas prácticas y lecciones aprendidas. Si bien en la región se han logrado avances importantes, el aprovechamiento de la bioeconomía requiere mayores esfuerzos destinados a la construcción de institucionalidad, políticas e instrumentos de mercados que no solo viabilicen negocios rentables, sino que también aseguren un marco de seguridad y sostenibilidad.
Current and Emerging Issues in Global Health: An Introduction to Special Journal Collection
Authors: Salihu Hamisu M. , Azuine Romuladus E.
Published: January 2021

We are thrilled to present this special collection of articles entitled “ Current and Emerging Issues in Global Health. ” This special collection pursued three main goals. First, the collection presents an opportunity for innovation. Second, it presents an opportunity to engage the field and community around a common theme. Finally, the collection provides a reality-check for the journal editors to support the field in evaluating the extent to which we have collectively attempted to confront the global maternal and child health (MCH) issues of our time regardless of where in the world we live. Unique to this special collection is the geographical spread of the article submissions. We have articles and contributions from researchers and research groups from three continents in a single edition: Africa, Asia and North America, making the articles opportunities for cross- fertilization of ideas across the global North and South. Public health is passing through a seismic transformation. Whether at the global, national, state, and local levels, disease outbreaks, patient demographics, and health technology have changed the global health landscape in a way never imagined. Our hope is that papers in this special collection will spark new ideas for invention, improved patient care, and transform population health.

Key words: • Global health • Maternal and child health • Father’s health • Mother’s health • Pediatrics • HIV/AIDS • MCH

 

Copyright © 2020 Salihu and Azuine. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com - mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Flow-Induced Vibration Analysis of Topside Piping at High Pressure
Authors: Emmerson Paul R. , Lewis Mike J. , Barton Neil A. , Orre Steinar , Lunde Knud
Published: January 2021

Flow-induced vibration (FIV) from high-velocity multiphase flow is a common source of vibration concern in process piping, potentially leading to fatigue failures and hydrocarbon leaks. A combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element (FE) modeling offers a potentially powerful tool for assessing and diagnosing multi-phase FIV problems in hydrocarbon-production piping systems.

Global energy consultancy Xodus Group performed FIV studies on an Equinor-operated topside production system, carrying multiphase flow at high-pressure (approximately 69 bara) conditions, where significant vibration was measured. The study assessed different vibration-simulation methodologies, combining FE analysis with forcing functions based on both correlations and CFD simulations. The aim was to gain a better understanding of the accuracy and limitations of calculation methods typically used to assess fatigue.

Calculating Multiphase FIV in Operational Pipework

While CFD FIV modeling methods have been well validated against low-pressure water-airflow under laboratory conditions (Emmerson et al. 2016a and 2016b), little has been published to show how well these techniques perform for operational hydrocarbon-production systems. As these systems usually operate at higher pressures with complex, live hydrocarbon fluids and water, the process conditions are often not well defined. They typically incorporate sev-eral features that could complicate the vibration-generation mechanisms such as long upstream pipelines, chokes, and convoluted combinations of pipe bends with complex support arrangements.

As part of the development of a new Energy Institute guidance document for subsea pipework, the project with Equinor was instigated following a joint industry project (JIP) established by Xodus, in collaboration with TNO and funded by six major operators, to improve techniques for estimating forcing functions in liquid-gas flows.

Vibration measurements were taken at various locations on a section of piping carrying multiphase flow at high-pressure conditions (approximately 69 bara) (Fig. 1). The forces were applied in harmonic, transient, and fluid structural interaction (FSI) simulations (directly coupled FE and CFD).

The topside piping arrangement consists of 16-in. schedule-100 piping, with a tee at the top of a riser section followed by six 90° and four 45° 1.5 R/D elbows and is reasonably well supported (as shown in Fig. 1).

The measurements provided the vibration velocity of the piping structure, and frequency spectra analysis was performed for comparison with the structural-response simulations. The main locations of interest are V4 and V5 as the measured vibration was the highest here. The peak vibration velocity at V4 is 4.7 mm/s and this occurs at 5.1 Hz in the EW-Y direction (Fig. 2), while at V5 the peak is 6.4 mm/s at 5.2 Hz.
Technology Focus: Well Integrity (January 2021)
Authors: Durham Craig
Published: January 2021

Integrity (noun): the condition of having no part or element wanting; unbroken state; material wholeness, completeness, entirety.

I don’t need to explain to readers of this journal why these definitions are important in relation to oil and gas wells. It is a life-of-well obligation that remains even after abandonment, and any responsible operator will have a dedicated well- integrity group advising asset managers with regard to these obligations.

While reviewing the abstracts for this feature, I was struck by the huge range of issues and challenges to maintaining “material wholeness” beyond the routine testing of tree and safety valves. That made me wonder why more drilling, completion, and production engineers do not spend at least part of their early career development in a well-integrity team.

A good way to learn how to design and operate a well that will last the test of time is to spend time evaluating the reasons why some wells do not. Anyone desiring to get a pretty good awareness of geology and geomechanics, casing and tubing design, drilling fluid and cementing practices, oilfield equipment material specification, design and testing, with some production engineering fluid temperature and pressure modeling thrown in, could do a lot worse than spend a year or two in a well-integrity department.

It might not seem the most cutting-edge role in the company, and many older wells have integrity issues that seem almost intractable, so it is perhaps natural that we are more interested in the shiny and new. But, if you have read this far, I would encourage you to read some of these papers and see how these authors have approached the issues as challenges to be faced, not shied away from.

And, because it’s that time of year for personal development planning and goal setting, why not work to attend once of the many well-integrity conferences, seminars, or talks organized by SPE each year? Better yet, for your own career material wholeness, why not consider a secondment to your well-integrity department?