bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Positivity on Delivery Outcomes for Pregnant Women between 2020 and 2021: A Single-Center Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Palladino Raffaele , Balsamo Federica , Mercogliano Michelangelo , Sorrentino Michele , Monzani Marco , Egidio Rosanna , Piscitelli Antonella , Borrelli Anna , Bifulco Giuseppe , Triassi Maria
Published: December 2023

Despite the existing body of evidence, there is still limited knowledge about the impact of SARS-CoV-2 positivity on delivery outcomes. We aimed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in women who gave birth at the University Hospital “Federico II” of Naples, Italy, between 2020 and 2021. We conducted a retrospective single-center population-based observational study to assess the differences in the caesarean section and preterm labor rates and the length of stay between women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and those who tested negative at the time of labor. We further stratified the analyses considering the time period, dividing them into three-month intervals, and changes in SARS-CoV-2 as the most prevalent variant. The study included 5236 women with 353 positive cases. After vaccination availability, only 4% had undergone a complete vaccination cycle. The Obstetric Comorbidity Index was higher than 0 in 41% of the sample. When compared with negative women, positive ones had 80% increased odds of caesarean section, and it was confirmed by adjusting for the SARS-CoV-2 variant. No significant differences were found in preterm birth risks. The length of stay was 11% higher in positive cases but was not significant after adjusting for the SARS-CoV-2 variant. When considering only positive women in the seventh study period (July–September 2021), they had a 61% decrease in the odds of receiving a caesarean section compared to the fourth (October–December 2020). Guidelines should be implemented to improve the safety and efficiency of the delivery process, considering the transition of SARS-CoV-2 from pandemic to endemic. Furthermore, these guidelines should aim to improve the management of airborne infections in pregnant women.
Discontinuation of Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: Impact of Treatment Strategy and on Patients’ Health Status
Authors: Nakamaru Ryo , Ikemura Nobuhiro , Kimura Takehiro , Katsumata Yoshinori , Sherrod Charles F. , Miyama Hiroshi , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kanki Hideaki , Negishi Koji , Ueda Ikuko , Fukuda Keiichi , Takatsuki Seiji , Kohsaka Shun
Published: December 2023

Aims: The discontinuation of oral anticoagulants (OACs) remains as a significant concern in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF). The discontinuation rate may vary depending on management strategy, and physicians may also discontinue OACs due to concerns about patient satisfaction with their care. We aimed to assess the incidence of OAC discontinuation and its relationship to patients’ health in an outpatient AF registry. Methods and Results: From a multicenter registry for newly recognized AF patients (n = 3313), we extracted 1647 (49.7%) patients with OACs and a CHA2DS2-Vasc score of ≥2. Discontinuation was defined as sustained cessation of OACs within a 1-year follow-up. We examined predictors associated with discontinuation and its relations to health status defined by the AFEQT questionnaire. Of the 1647 patients, 385 (23.6%) discontinued OACs after 1 year, with discontinuation rates varying across treatment strategies (15.3% for catheter ablation, 4.9% for rhythm control with antiarrhythmic drugs, and 3.0% for rate control). Successful rhythm control was associated with discontinuation in the catheter ablation (OR 6.61, 95% CI 3.00–14.6, p < 0.001) and antiarrhythmic drugs (OR 6.47, 95% CI 2.62–15.9, p < 0.001) groups, whereas the incidence of bleeding events within 1 year was associated with discontinuation in the rate control group. One-year AFEQT scores did not significantly differ between patients who discontinued OACs and those who did not in each treatment strategy group. Conclusions: OAC discontinuation was common among AF patients with significant stroke risk but varied depending on the chosen treatment strategy. This study also found no significant association between OAC discontinuation and patients’ health status.
Small Intestinal Contrast Ultrasonography (SICUS) in Crohn’s Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Losurdo Giuseppe , De Bellis Margherita , Rima Raffaella , Palmisano Chiara Maria , Dell’Aquila Paola , Iannone Andrea , Ierardi Enzo , Di Leo Alfredo , Principi Mariabeatrice
Published: December 2023

The diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease (CD) is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, endoscopy, and imaging data. In Small Intestine Contrast Ultrasonography (SICUS), the ingestion of a macrogol solution as an oral contrast medium may optimize image quality. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of SICUS for CD. A literature search was performed in August 2023. We selected only studies where SICUS was compared to a technique that allows the assessment of the whole gastrointestinal tract, such as an MRE, a CT scan, or a surgical evaluation. We estimated pooled weighted sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio for positive and negative tests (PLR/NLR) of SICUS. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC) were drawn, and pooled areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Five studies with 325 CD patients were included. SICUS showed a pooled sensitivity for the diagnosis of 95% (95% confidence interval CI 89–99%), a specificity = 77% (95% CI 60–90%), and the AUC was 0.94. SICUS demonstrated a pooled sensitivity for strictures of 78% (95% CI 63–88%) and a specificity = 96% (95% CI 85–99%), with AUC = 0.93. For abscesses, SICUS demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 59–100%) and a specificity of 90% (95% CI 74–98%). Fistulae were detected with a pooled sensitivity of 77% (95% CI 46–95%) and a specificity of 92% (95% CI 75–99%). SICUS demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance compared to the gold standard despite some clinical scenarios (stenosis/fistulae) showing suboptimal diagnostic effectiveness.
Evaluation of Mechanical Versus Manual Root Canal Preparation in Primary Molars—A Comparative In Vitro Study
Authors: Schulz-Weidner Nelly , Wang Jiameng , Steinbart Jessica , Windfelder Anton G. , Krombach Gabriele A. , Krämer Norbert , Schlenz Maximiliane A. , Scherberich Jan
Published: December 2023

The endodontic treatment of primary teeth is to maintain the function of the tooth free of symptoms until its physiological exfoliation. A critical factor for success is how quickly and effectively the root canal preparation can be performed. Therefore, the aim of this comparative in vitro study was to analyze the efficiency of two mechanical root canal preparation systems FM (FlexMaster) and HF (HyFlex EDM) to manual KF (K-file) on extracted primary molars. A total of 45 teeth were divided into three groups (n = 15): KF (#15–35), FM (04#30) and HF (25/~ OneFile). Root canal preparation was performed, and the preparation time was measured. All root canals were non-destructively analyzed by micro-computed tomography in the cervical, middle and apical thirds before and after preparation with regard to the parameters of canal transport (in μm) and centering ratio (0–1). Statistical analysis was performed at a 5% significance level using non-parametric tests. HF caused the lowest canal transport in the apical third (p = 0.008). The centering ratio value of HF was significantly higher in the middle third of the root canals than in the other two groups (p < 0.01). The mean instrumentation time was significantly higher for KF (6.67 min) than for FM (4.69 min) and HF (4.03 min, p < 0.01). HF can be recommended for primary molar root canal treatment.
EMS Interventions during Planned Out-of-Hospital Births with a Midwife: A Retrospective Analysis over Four Years in the Polish Population
Authors: Strózik Mateusz , Wiciak Hanna , Szarpak Lukasz , Wroblewski Pawel , Smereka Jacek
Published: December 2023

Planned out-of-hospital births, facilitated by highly skilled and experienced midwives, offer expectant parents a distinct opportunity to partake in a personalized, intimate, and empowering birth experience. Many parents opt for the care provided by midwives who specialize in supporting home births. This retrospective study is based on 41,335 EMS emergency calls to women in advanced pregnancy, of which 209 concerned home birth situations documenting obstetrical emergencies over four years (January 2018 to December 2022), of which 60 involved the assistance of a midwife. Data were obtained from the Polish Central System for Emergency Medical Services Missions Monitoring, encompassing all EMS interventions in pregnant women. The most frequent reason for emergency calls for obstetrical emergencies with the assistance of a midwife was a failure to separate the placenta or incomplete afterbirth (18 cases; 30%), followed by perinatal haemorrhage (12 cases; 20%) and deterioration of the newborn’s condition (8 cases; 13%). Paramedic-staffed EMS teams conducted most interventions (43 cases; 72%), with only 17 (28%) involving the presence of a physician. Paramedics with extensive medical training and the ability to provide emergency care are in a unique position that allows them to play a pivotal role in supporting planned out-of-hospital births. The analysed data from 2018–2022 show that EMS deliveries in Poland are infrequent and typically uncomplicated. Continuing education, training, and adequate funding are required to ensure the EMS is ready to provide the best care. EMS medical records forms should be adapted to the specific aspects of care for pregnant patients and newborns.
A Direction-Preserved Vessel Trajectory Compression Algorithm Based on Open Window
Authors: Ma Lin , Shi Guoyou , Li Weifeng , Jiang Dapeng
Published: December 2023

Ship trajectory data can be used in most marine-related research, and most ship trajectory data come from AIS. The large number of ships and the short reporting period of AIS have resulted in a huge amount of ship trajectory data, which has caused a certain amount of pressure on the relevant research. This paper proposes a direction-preserved vessel trajectory compression method based on Open Window, which can effectively retain the direction change feature points while ensuring the position error. In addition, the method can work in both offline and online modes. Also, the velocity threshold and low-speed redundancy points problems are considered. In order to verify the effect of the proposed method and the adaptability of the method to different feature data, a parallel experiment was performed on port water and coastal water datasets. The results show that our method can compress vessel trajectories while retaining the feature points. Meanwhile, by comparing it with the compression method that is based on distance thresholds, the vessel trajectory compress time is drastically reduced by up to 87.3% in the port water data. The research in this paper provides a new method through which to compress vessel trajectories for research in marine-related fields on vessel trajectory.
Three-Dimensional Iterative Enhancement for Coverage Hole Recovery in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhang Lingli , Luo Chengming , Ge Xiyun , Cao Yuxin , Zhang Haobo , Xin Gaifang
Published: December 2023

The efficient coverage of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) has become increasingly important because of the scarcity of underwater node resources. Complex underwater environments, water flow forces, and undulating seabed reduce the coverage effect of underwater nodes, even leading to coverage holes in UWSNs. To solve the problems of uneven coverage distribution and coverage holes, a three-dimensional iterative enhancement algorithm is proposed for UWSN coverage hole recovery using intelligent search followed by virtual force. Benefiting from biological heuristic search algorithms, improved particle swarm optimization is applied for node pre-coverage. With the change in iteration times, the adaptive inertia weight, acceleration factor, and node position are constantly updated. To avoid excessive coverage holes caused by search falling into local optimum, underwater nodes are considered as particles in the potential field whose virtual forces are calculated to guide nodes towards higher coverage positions. In addition, based on the optimal node location obtained by the proposed algorithm, the monitoring area is divided based on the clustering idea. The underwater routing protocol DBR based on depth information is subsequently used to optimize node residual energy, and its average is calculated comprehensively and compared with the other three coverage algorithms using the DBR routing protocol. Based on the experimental data, after 100 iterations, the coverage rates for BES, 3D-IVFA, DABVF, and the proposed algorithm are 83.28%, 88.85%, 89.31%, and 91.36%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is further verified from the aspects of different node numbers, coverage efficiency, node movement trajectory, coverage hole, and average residual energy of nodes, which provides conditions for resource development and scientific research in marine environments.
Biomarkers and Strain Echocardiography for the Detection of Subclinical Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Anthracyclines
Authors: Bhagat Aditi A. , Kalogeropoulos Andreas P. , Baer Lea , Lacey Matthew , Kort Smadar , Skopicki Hal A. , Butler Javed , Bloom Michelle Weisfelner
Published: December 2023

The optimal surveillance and management strategies for breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline therapy are limited by our incomplete understanding of the role of biomarkers heralding the onset of cardiotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a temporal correlation between cardiac biomarkers and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline chemotherapy. Thirty-one females between 46 and 55 years old with breast cancer treated with anthracycline chemotherapy were prospectively enrolled. Cardiac biomarkers were correlated with echocardiography with speckle tracking at baseline, post-anthracycline therapy, and 6 months post-anthracycline chemotherapy. Subclinical cardiotoxicity was defined as ≥ 10% reduction in global longitudinal strain (GLS). There was a relative reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 10% in 5/30 (17%) and 7/27 (26%) patients post-anthracycline therapy and 6 months post-anthracycline therapy, respectively. Subclinical cardiotoxicity was noted in 8/30 (27%) and 10/26 (38%) patients post-anthracycline and 6 months post-anthracycline therapy, respectively. Baseline N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was the strongest predictor of LVEF (ρ = −0.45; p = 0.019), with post-therapy NT-proBNP values illustrating similar predictive value (ρ = −0.40; p = 0.038). Interim changes in suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) and galectin-3 correlated with a 6-month change in LVEF (ρ = −0.48; p = 0.012 and ρ = −0.45; p = 0.018, for ST2 and galectin-3, respectively). Changes in galectin-3 from baseline to mid-therapy paralleled changes in GLS. NT-proBNP, ST2, and galectin-3 correlate with reduced LVEF among breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline therapy. Additional trials focusing on a cardiac biomarker approach may provide guidance in the early diagnosis and management of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
VRAM Flap for Pelvic Floor Reconstruction after Pelvic Exenteration and Abdominoperineal Excision
Authors: Faur Ionut Flaviu , Clim Adelina , Dobrescu Amadeus , Prodan Catalin , Hajjar Rami , Pasca Paul , Capitanio Marco , Tarta Cristi , Isaic Alexandru , Noditi George , Nati Ionel , Totolici Bogdan , Duta Ciprian , Lazar Gabriel
Published: December 2023

Due to the still large number of patients diagnosed with pelvic neoplasms (colorectal, gynecological, and urological) in advanced stages right from the initial diagnosis, surgery represents the mainstay of treatment, often implying wide, eventually multi-organ resections in order to achieve negative surgical margins. Perineal wound morbidity, particularly in extralevator abominoperineal excision, leads to complications and local infection rates of up to 40%. Strategies to reduce postoperative wound complications are being pursued to address this issue. The VRAM flap remains the gold standard for autologous reconstruction after pelvic oncological resection; it was initially designed for abdominal wall defects and later expanded for large pelvic tissue defects. The flap’s application is based on its physical characteristics, including abundant tissue and a generous skin paddle, which effectively obliterates dead space after exenterations. The generous skin paddle offers good cosmetic and functional outcomes at the recipient site. This article describes the case of a patient histopathologically diagnosed with stage IIIA squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix who received multimodal onco-surgical treatment. The surgical mainstay of this treatment is pelvic exenteration. Pelvic reconstruction after this major surgery was performed using a vertical flap with the rectus abdominis.
The Arterial Axis Lesions in Proximal Humeral Fractures—Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Faur Cosmin Ioan , Nitu Razvan , Abu-Awwad Simona-Alina , Tudoran Cristina , Abu-Awwad Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Background: This comprehensive review delves into the nuanced domain of arterial axis lesions associated with proximal humeral fractures, elucidating the intricate interplay between fracture patterns and vascular compromise. Proximal humeral fractures, a common orthopedic occurrence, often present challenges beyond the skeletal realm, necessitating a profound understanding of the vascular implications. Methods: The study synthesizes the existing literature, presenting a collective analysis of documented cases and their respective clinical outcomes. The spectrum of arterial axis lesions, from subtle vascular compromise to overt ischemic events, is systematically examined, highlighting the varied clinical manifestations encountered in proximal humeral fractures. Diagnostic modalities, including advanced imaging techniques such as angiography and Doppler ultrasound, are scrutinized for their efficacy in identifying arterial axis lesions promptly. The review emphasizes the critical role of early and accurate diagnosis in mitigating the potential sequelae associated with vascular compromise, thereby underscoring the importance of a vigilant clinical approach. Results: Therapeutic strategies, ranging from conservative management to surgical interventions, are critically evaluated in the context of existing evidence. The evolving landscape of endovascular interventions and their applicability in addressing arterial axis lesions specific to proximal humeral fractures is explored, providing valuable insights for clinicians navigating the therapeutic decision-making process. Furthermore, the review addresses gaps in current knowledge and proposes avenues for future research, emphasizing the need for tailored, evidence-based guidelines in the management of arterial axis lesions in proximal humeral fractures. By consolidating current understanding and pointing towards areas warranting further exploration, this review contributes to the ongoing discourse surrounding the intricacies of vascular complications in orthopedic trauma. Conclusions: this comprehensive review provides a synthesized overview of arterial axis lesions in proximal humeral fractures, offering a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and educators alike. The findings underscore the multifaceted nature of these lesions and advocate for a holistic, patient-centered approach to their management.
Challenges to Implementing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
Authors: Li Qingyang , Ge Yingxue , Sayer Jeffrey A.
Published: December 2023

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has been a pivotal international instrument for global biodiversity conservation since 1992. The recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) aims to provide a pathway for the CBD for the present decade. However, the practicalities of land use and biodiversity conservation pose significant challenges. Drawing from diverse literature and reports, we identify nine implementation challenges for the GBF. These encompass harmonising conservation with sustainable development, integrating local values and indigenous knowledge, adopting a holistic landscape approach, and prioritising effective local governance. A shift from broad targets to explicit conservation metrics is vital. We propose strategies emphasising building institutional capacity for localised, participatory conservation and policy-making processes. This article offers suggestions for improving the GBF’s implementation and shaping future policy frameworks.
Community Resilience in Accessing Essential Service Facilities Considering Equity and Aging Demand: A Case of Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhang Xiaohe , Pan Haixiao
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 lockdown has deepened inequity among vulnerable groups, such as the elderly. Reducing inequity in access to essential service facilities is an effective way to improve community resilience in dealing with pandemics. In this research, three indexes were created to measure community resilience in accessing essential services. Specifically, we have considered the different walking capacity and different needs of the elderly and the general population. We selected Shanghai as the case for our research and analyzed the spatial patterns of both space-based and population-based essential service facilities. The Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient were used to measure the spatial equity. And, we attempted to reveal the relationships between the population density and three indexes through bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association. The results suggest that the Diversity Index enjoys the highest equity, followed by the Demand Accessibility Index, and the equity of the Per Capita Quantity Index is the lowest. Furthermore, the accessibility of essential services in urban areas is excellent, while in some suburban areas it is low. Our findings contribute valuable scientific insights for policy makers to strengthen community resilience and address inequities for immediate or long-term measures.
Profiling of Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Cervical Cancer Revealed PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway Overactivation and Heterogenic Tumor-Immune Microenvironments
Authors: Choi Yeseul , Ando Yu , Lee Donghyeon , Kim Na Young , Lee Olive E. M. , Cho Junghwan , Seo Incheol , Chong Gun Oh , Park Nora Jee-Young
Published: December 2023

Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is the presence of tumor emboli in the endothelial-lined space at the tumor body’s invasive edge. LVSI is one of three Sedlis criteria components—a prognostic tool for early cervical cancer (CC)—essential for indicating poor prognosis, such as lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, or shorter survival rate. Despite its clinical significance, an in-depth comprehension of the molecular mechanisms or immune dynamics underlying LVSI in CC remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigated tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) dynamics of the LVSI-positive group in CC. RNA sequencing included formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) slides from 21 CC patients, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Functional analysis and immune deconvolution revealed aberrantly enriched PI3K/Akt pathway activation and a heterogenic immune composition with a low abundance of regulatory T cells (Treg) between LVSI-positive and LVSI-absent groups. These findings improve the comprehension of LSVI TIME and immune mechanisms, benefiting targeted LVSI therapy for CC.
Serum Metabolomic Alteration in Rats with Osteoarthritis Treated with Palm Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Alone or in Combination with Glucosamine Sulphate
Authors: Ekeuku Sophia Ogechi , Tan Jen-Kit , Al-Saadi Hiba Murtadha , Ahmad Fairus , Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli , Arlamsyah Azlan Mohd , Japar Sidik Fadhlullah Zuhair , Abdul Hamid Juliana , Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman , Chin Kok-Yong
Published: December 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition with limited disease-modifying treatments currently. Palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) has been previously shown to be effective against OA, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. This study aims to compare serum metabolomic alteration in Sprague–Dawley rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA which were treated with palm TRF, glucosamine sulphate, or a combination of both. This study was performed on thirty adult male rats, which were divided into normal control (n = 6) and OA groups (n = 24). The OA group received intra-articular injections of MIA and daily oral treatments of refined olive oil (vehicle, n = 6), palm TRF (100 mg/kg, n = 6), glucosamine sulphate (250 mg/kg, n = 6), or a combination of TRF and glucosamine (n = 6) for four weeks. Serum was collected at the study’s conclusion for metabolomic analysis. The findings revealed that MIA-induced OA influences amino acid metabolism, leading to changes in metabolites associated with the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan as well as alterations in the metabolism of phenylalanine, tryptophan, arginine and proline. Supplementation with glucosamine sulphate, TRF, or both effectively reversed these metabolic changes induced by OA. The amelioration of metabolic effects induced by OA is linked to the therapeutic effects of TRF and glucosamine. However, it remains unclear whether these effects are direct or indirect in nature.
Risk Factors of Postoperative Acute Pancreatitis and Its Impact on the Postoperative Course after Pancreaticoduodenectomy—10 Years of Single-Center Experience
Authors: Gajda Magdalena , Grudzińska Ewa , Szmigiel Paweł , Czopek Piotr , Rusinowski Cezary , Putowski Zbigniew , Mrowiec Sławomir
Published: December 2023

Background: Clinically relevant acute postoperative pancreatitis (CR-PPAP) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complication that may lead to the development of local and systemic consequences. The study aimed to identify risk factors for CR-PPAP and assess the impact of CR-PPAP on the postoperative course after PD. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed data from 428 consecutive patients who underwent PD at a single center between January 2013 and December 2022. The presence of increased amylase activity in plasma, above the upper limit of normal 48 h after surgery, was checked. CR-PPAP was diagnosed when accompanied by disturbing radiological features and/or symptoms requiring treatment. We investigated the relationship between the occurrence of CR-PPAP and the development of postoperative complications after PD, and possible predictors of CR-PPAP. Results: The postoperative follow-up period was 90 days. Of the 428 patients, 18.2% (n = 78) had CR-PPAP. It was associated with increased rates of CR-POPF, delayed gastric emptying, occurrence of intra-abdominal collections, postoperative hemorrhage, peritonitis, and septic shock. Patients who developed CR-PPAP were more often reoperated (37.17% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.0001)) and had increased postoperative mortality (14.1% vs. 5.74%, p < 0.0001). Soft pancreatic parenchyma, intraoperative blood loss, small diameter of the pancreatic duct, and diagnosis of adenocarcinoma papillae Vateri were independent risk factors for CR-PPAP and showed the best performance in predicting CR-PPAP. Conclusions: CR-PPAP is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications after PD, worse treatment outcomes, and an increased risk of reoperation and mortality. Pancreatic consistency, intraoperative blood loss, width of the duct of Wirsung, and histopathological diagnosis can be used to assess the risk of CR-PPAP. Amylase activity 48 h after surgery > 161 U/L is highly specific in the diagnosis of CR-PPAP.
Morphometric and Molecular Analysis of Five-Spine Epidinium Morphotypes Taken from the Rumen of European Bison, Bison bonasus
Authors: Ivorová Silvia , Kopčaková Anna , Pristaš Peter , Kišidayová Svetlana
Published: December 2023

An important feature of ruminal ciliates is their phenotypic plasticity, which makes their identification difficult. The common manifestation of the phenotypic plasticity in rumen ciliates is a change in their cell size and caudal spination. We analyzed various morphotypes of Epidinium with five caudal processes (spines) taken from the rumen of European bison (Bison bonasus). In the study, the cluster analysis and K-means analysis of morphometric data could not distinguish very similar morphotypes of Epidinium with five caudal processes. However, the morphotype of E. parvicaudatum prevailed (70%). The DNA of four individual E. parvicaudatum was isolated successfully from formaldehyde-preserved samples. The partial 18S rDNA gene sequences (about 350–400 bp) were identical to Epidinium sequences in GenBank (E. caudatum, a one-spine morphotype, and E. cattanei, a five-spine morphotype). It can be assumed that these short sequences cannot distinguish the differences between the Epidinium morphospecies. Complete gene sequences from various hosts and various molecular markers are necessary to reveal the validity of the Epidinium five-spine species. In conclusion, classical morphology should be supplemented with molecular data when more morphotypes of the rumen ciliate species are present in samples.
Novel Techniques for Musculoskeletal Pain Management after Orthopedic Surgical Procedures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aldanyowi Saud N.
Published: December 2023

Effective postoperative pain management is critical for recovery after orthopedic surgery, but often remains inadequate despite multimodal analgesia. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on innovative modalities for enhancing pain control following major orthopedic procedures. Fifteen randomized controlled trials and comparative studies evaluating peripheral nerve blocks, local anesthetic infiltration, cryotherapy, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, adjunct medications, and other techniques are included. Thematic analysis reveals that peripheral nerve blocks and local anesthetic infiltration consistently demonstrate reduced pain scores, opioid consumption, and side effects versus conventional analgesia alone. Oral multimodal medications also show promise as part of opioid-sparing regimens. Adjunctive approaches like cryotherapy, music, and dexmedetomidine require further research to optimize protocols. Despite promising innovations, critical knowledge gaps persist regarding comparative effectiveness, optimal interventions and dosing, combination strategies, cost-effectiveness, and implementation. High-quality randomized controlled trials using standardized protocols are essential to guide the translation of enhanced multimodal regimens into clinical practice. This review provides a framework for pursuing research priorities and advancing evidence-based postoperative pain management across orthopedic surgeries.
Simulation of 316L Stainless Steel Produced the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process
Authors: Kaščák Ľuboš , Varga Ján , Bidulská Jana , Bidulský Róbert
Published: December 2023

Additive manufacturing is increasingly being used in the production of parts of simple as well as complex shapes designed for various areas of industry. Prevention of errors in the production process is currently enabled using simulation tools that have the function of predicting possible errors and, at the same time, providing a set of information about the behaviour of the material in the metal additive manufacturing process. This paper discusses the simulation processes of 316L stainless steel produced using the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. Simulation of the printing process in the Simufact Additive simulation program made it possible to predict possible deformations and errors that could occur in the process of producing test samples. After analysing the final distortion already with compensation, the simulation values of maximum deviation −0.01 mm and minimum −0.13 mm were achieved.
Biomass Pyrolysis-Derived Biochar: A Versatile Precursor for Graphene Synthesis
Authors: Plenča Karla , Cvetnić Sara , Prskalo Helena , Kovačić Marin , Cvetnić Matija , Kušić Hrvoje , Matusinović Zvonimir , Kraljić Roković Marijana , Genorio Boštjan , Lavrenčič Štangar Urška , Lončarić Božić Ana
Published: December 2023

Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon allotrope with a honeycomb structure, has emerged as a material of immense interest in diverse scientific and technical domains. It is mainly produced from graphite by mechanical, chemical and electrochemical exfoliation. As renewable energy and source utilization increase, including bioenergy from forest and woody residues, processed, among other methods, by pyrolysis treatment, it can be expected that biochar production will increase too. Thus, its useful applications, particularly in obtaining high-added-value products, need to be fully explored. This study aims at presenting a comprehensive analysis derived from experimental data, offering insights into the potential of biomass pyrolysis-derived biochar as a versatile precursor for the controlled synthesis of graphene and its derivatives. This approach comprehended the highest energy output and lowest negative environmental footprint, including the minimization of both toxic gas emissions during processing and heavy metals’ presence in the feedstock, toward obtaining biochar suitable to be modified, employing the Hummers and intercalation with persulfate salts methods, aiming at deriving graphene-like materials. Material characterization has revealed that besides morphology and structural features of the original wooden biomass, graphitized structures are present as well, which is proven clearly by Raman and XPS analyses. Electrochemical tests revealed higher conductivity in modified samples, implying their graphene-like nature.
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) of Thermoplastic-Based Filaments: Process and Rheological Properties—An Overview
Authors: Acierno Domenico , Patti Antonella
Published: December 2023

The fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, an extrusion-based 3D printing technology, enables the manufacture of complex geometrical elements. This technology employs diverse materials, including thermoplastic polymers and composites as well as recycled resins to encourage sustainable growth. FDM is used in a variety of industrial fields, including automotive, biomedical, and textiles, as a rapid prototyping method to reduce costs and shorten production time, or to develop items with detailed designs and high precision. The main phases of this technology include the feeding of solid filament into a molten chamber, capillary flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a nozzle, layer deposition on the support base, and layer-to-layer adhesion. The viscoelastic properties of processed materials are essential in each of the FDM steps: (i) predicting the printability of the melted material during FDM extrusion and ensuring a continuous flow across the nozzle; (ii) controlling the deposition process of the molten filament on the print bed and avoiding fast material leakage and loss of precision in the molded part; and (iii) ensuring layer adhesion in the subsequent consolidation phase. Regarding this framework, this work aimed to collect knowledge on FDM extrusion and on different types of rheological properties in order to forecast the performance of thermoplastics.
Corrosion-Resistive ZrO2 Barrier Films on Selected Zn-Based Alloys
Authors: Stambolova Irina , Stoyanova Daniela , Shipochka Maria , Boshkova Nelly , Simeonova Silviya , Grozev Nikolay , Avdeev Georgi , Dimitrov Ognian , Boshkov Nikolai
Published: December 2023

This work presents the enhanced corrosion resistance of newly developed two-layer composite coatings deposited on low-carbon steel: electrodeposited zinc alloy coatings (Zn–Ni with 10 wt.% Ni (ZN) or Zn–Co with 3 wt.% Co (ZC), respectively) and a top ZrO2 sol–gel layer. Surface morphology peculiarities and anti-corrosion characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle (WCA) measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) curves, corrosion potential (Ecorr), polarization resistance (Rp) measurements (for a prolonged period of 25 days) and open-circuit potential (OCP). The results were compared with the corrosion peculiarities of usual zinc coating. The zirconia top coatings in both systems were amorphous and dense, possessing hydrophobic nature. The experimental data revealed an increased corrosion resistance and protective ability of the ZC system in comparison to that of ZN due to its smooth, homogeneous surface and the presence of poorly crystallized oxides (ZnO and Co3O4), both later playing the role of a barrier for corrosive agents.
Numerical Linear Algebra for the Two-Dimensional Bertozzi–Esedoglu–Gillette–Cahn–Hilliard Equation in Image Inpainting
Authors: Awad Yahia , Fakih Hussein , Alkhezi Yousuf
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we present a numerical linear algebra analytical study of some schemes for the Bertozzi–Esedoglu–Gillette–Cahn–Hilliard equation. Both 1D and 2D finite difference discretizations in space are proposed with semi-implicit and implicit discretizations on time. We prove that our proposed numerical solutions converge to continuous solutions.
Meir–Keeler Fixed-Point Theorems in Tripled Fuzzy Metric Spaces
Authors: Yang Hui
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we first propose the concept of a family of quasi-G-metric spaces corresponding to the tripled fuzzy metric spaces (or G-fuzzy metric spaces). Using their properties, we give the characterization of tripled fuzzy metrics. Second, we introduce the notion of generalized fuzzy Meir–Keeler-type contractions in G-fuzzy metric spaces. With the aid of the proposed notion, we show that every orbitally continuous generalized fuzzy Meir–Keeler-type contraction has a unique fixed point in complete G-fuzzy metric spaces. In the end, an example illustrates the validity of our results.
Parameter Identification of the Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems with Multiplicative and Additive Noises Using the UD-Based State Sensitivity Evaluation
Authors: Tsyganov Andrey , Tsyganova Yulia
Published: December 2023

The paper proposes a new method for solving the parameter identification problem for a class of discrete-time linear stochastic systems with multiplicative and additive noises using a numerical gradient-based optimization. The constructed method is based on the application of a covariance UD filter for the above systems and an original method for evaluating state sensitivities within the numerically stable, matrix-orthogonal MWGS transformation. In addition to the numerical stability of the proposed algorithm to machine roundoff errors due to the application of the MWGS-UD orthogonalization procedure at each step, the main advantage of the obtained results is the possibility of analytical calculation of derivatives at a given value of the identified parameter without the need to use finite-difference methods. Numerical experiments demonstrate how the obtained results can be applied to solve the parameter identification problem for the considered stochastic system model.
Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method and Balanced Truncation for Parameter-Dependent Parabolic Problems
Authors: Jiang Shan , Cheng Yue , Cheng Yao , Huang Yunqing
Published: December 2023

We propose a generalized multiscale finite element method combined with a balanced truncation to solve a parameter-dependent parabolic problem. As an updated version of the standard multiscale method, the generalized multiscale method contains the necessary eigenvalue computation, in which the enriched multiscale basis functions are picked up from a snapshot space on users’ demand. Based upon the generalized multiscale simulation on the coarse scale, the balanced truncation is applied to solve its Lyapunov equations on the reduced scale for further savings while ensuring high accuracy. A θ-implicit scheme is utilized for the fully discretization process. Finally, numerical results validate the uniform stability and robustness of our proposed method.
Valuation of Commodity-Linked Bond with Stochastic Convenience Yield, Stochastic Volatility, and Credit Risk in an Intensity-Based Model
Authors: Jeon Junkee , Kim Geonwoo
Published: December 2023

In this study, we consider an intensity-based model for pricing a commodity-linked bond with credit risk. Recently, the pricing of a commodity-linked bond with credit risk under the structural model has been studied. We extend the result using an intensity-based model, stochastic volatility model, and stochastic convenience yield model. In the intensity-based model, the credit event by the counterparty occurs at the time of first jump in a stochastic Poisson process, in which intensity is modeled as the sum of two CIR prosesses. We assume that the underlying asset follows the stochastic volatility and convenience yield models. Using the measure change technique, we explicitly derive the commodity-linked bond pricing formula in the proposed model. As a result, we provide the explicit solution for the price of the commodity-linked bond with stochastic convenience yield, stochastic volatility, and credit risk as single integrations. In addition, we present several examples to demonstrate the effects of significant parameters on the value of commodity-linked bond using numerical integration. In particular, examples are provided, focusing on the behavior of prices based on effects of recovery rate.
Streptinone, a New Indanone Derivative from a Marine-Derived Streptomyces massiliensis, Inhibits Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Lee Hwa-Sun , Nagahawatta Dineth Pramuditha , Jeon You-Jin , Lee Min Ah , Heo Chang-Su , Park Sun Joo , Shin Hee Jae
Published: December 2023

Inflammatory diseases caused by air pollution, especially from particulate matter (PM) exposure, have increased daily. Accordingly, attention to treatment or prevention for these inflammatory diseases has grown. Natural products have been recognized as promising sources of cures and prevention for not only inflammatory but also diverse illnesses. As part of our ongoing study to discover bioactive compounds from marine microorganisms, we isolated streptinone, a new indanone derivative (1), along with three known diketopiperazines (2–4) and piericidin A (5), from a marine sediment-derived Streptomyces massiliensis by chromatographic methods. The structure of 1 was elucidated based on the spectroscopic data analysis. The relative and absolute configurations of 1 were determined by 1H-1H coupling constants, 1D NOESY, and ECD calculation. The anti-inflammatory activities of 1 were evaluated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, and qPCR. Compound 1 suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Therefore, compound 1 could potentially be used as an agent in the prevention and treatment of diverse inflammatory disorders caused by particulate matter.
Knowledge and Awareness of Stroke among the Elderly Population: Analysis of Data from a Sample of Older Adults in a Developing Country
Authors: Sakr Fouad , Safwan Jihan , Cherfane Michelle , Salameh Pascale , Sacre Hala , Haddad Chadia , El Khatib Sarah , Rahal Mohamad , Dia Mohammad , Harb Ahmad , Hosseini Hassan , Iskandar Katia
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: Stroke prevention has traditionally concentrated on research to improve knowledge and awareness of the disease in the general population. Since stroke incidents increase with age, there is a need to focus on the elderly, a high-risk group for developing the disease. This study aimed to examine the level of stroke awareness and knowledge, their predictors, and their source of information. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study targeted Lebanese senior citizens aged 65 years and above. A total of 513 participants enrolled in the study through a self-administered survey distributed using a snowball sampling technique. Results: Most participants had appropriate baseline knowledge (more than 75% correct answers) of stroke, including risk factors, alarming signs, and preventive measures. Better knowledge of disease risks was significantly associated with having a university degree (ORa = 1.609; p = 0.029). Participants who had previous ischemic attacks showed significantly lower knowledge of the alarming signs (ORa = 0.467; p = 0.036) and prevention measures (ORa = 0.427; p = 0.029). Those suffering from depression had better knowledge of stroke alarming signs (ORa = 2.060.; p = 0.050). Seeking information from pharmacists, physicians, or the internet was not significantly associated with better knowledge of stroke risks, alarming signs, and preventive measures. Conclusions: The present study showed that seniors had fair knowledge of stroke, despite gaps in stroke prevention measures. Healthcare providers could play a leading role in improving public health by educating seniors to enhance awareness about prevention measures, detecting alarming signs, and acting fast to save a life.
Performance of European and American Societies of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Guidelines for Prediction of Choledocholithiasis in Patients with Acute Biliary Pancreatitis
Authors: Černe Žan Peter , Sever Nejc , Strniša Luka , Plut Samo , Drnovšek Jan , Hanžel Jurij , Siuka Darko , Štabuc Borut , Drobne David
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: Up to one-third of patients with acute biliary pancreatitis also present with choledocholithiasis. Guidelines from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) for investigating suspected choledocholithiasis suggest endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with high-likelihood (ESGE)/high-probability (ASGE) predictors and endoscopic ultrasound in those with intermediate-likelihood (ESGE)/intermediate-probability (ASGE) predictors. Although both guidelines are similar, they are not identical. Furthermore, these algorithms were mainly developed from cohorts of patients without pancreatitis and are therefore poorly validated in a subset of patients with acute pancreatitis. We aimed to assess the performance of the ESGE and ASGE algorithms for the prediction of choledocholithiasis in patients with acute biliary pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 86 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary referral centre in the year 2020 due to acute biliary pancreatitis. Results: Choledocholithiasis was confirmed in 29/86 (33.7%) of patients (13 with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and 16 with endoscopic ultrasound). All 10/10 (100%) ESGE high-likelihood and 14/19 (73.7%) ASGE high-probability patients had choledocholithiasis. Only 19/71 (26.8%) patients with ESGE intermediate likelihood and 15/67 (22.4%) with ASGE intermediate probability had choledocholithiasis. Only 8/13 (61.5%) patients with the ASGE high-probability predictor of dilated common bile duct plus bilirubin > 68.4 µmol/mL had choledocholithiasis. Since this predictor is not considered high likelihood by ESGE, this resulted in a superior specificity of the European compared to the American guideline (100% vs. 91.2%). Following the American instead of the European guidelines would have resulted in five unnecessary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies and five unnecessary endoscopic ultrasound examinations. Conclusions: This retrospective analysis suggests that the European guidelines may perform better than the American guidelines at predicting choledocholithiasis in the setting of acute pancreatitis. This was because dilated common bile duct plus bilirubin > 68.4 µmol/mL was not a reliable predictor for persistent bile duct stones.