bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cariotipo de Leptodactylus insularum (Anura: leptodactilidae (Barbour, 1906) presente en un fragmento de bosque seco tropical de la región caribe colombiana
Authors: González T. Henry , Correa M. Mileidys , Márquez M. Moisés , MORENO R. ALBERTO , BELLO L YESIT
Published: June 2018

Colombia es uno de los países con mayor biodiversidad en especies de anuros, sin embargo, muchos de ellos se encuentran en una situación vulnerable. Esta situación tiene el agravante que para la mayoría de los mismos se desconoce la riqueza genética y las posibles variaciones entre biotopos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar el cariotipo de Leptodactylus insularum presente en un fragmento de BsT la región Caribe (Colombia). Para realizar esto se utilizó técnica de SCHIMID (1978) y para la clasificación cromosomal se utilizó los parámetros de LEVAN et al. (1964). L. insularum presentó un numero modal de n=11 y 2n=22, con formula cromosómica M+4SM+sM+5M. Este resultado varia con respecto a la fórmula del L. insularum presente en la región Andina (Colombia) la cual es 2M+SM+M+ST+M+SM+4M, sin embargo, estas diferencias pueden estar asociadas a aspectos biogeográficos, por lo que al mantenerse separadas físicamente estas poblaciones, podrían haber acumulado mutaciones estructurales en sus cromosomas mediante posibles eventos de inserción o deleción. Un aspecto importante es que los especímenes que componen este género presentan de forma general un similar número cromosómico.
Frecuencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en burros criollos (Equus africanus asinus) en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Herrera B. Yonairo , Vergara A. Jheremmys , Ensuncho H. Carlos , Causil V. Luis
Published: June 2018

El presente estudio fue diseñado con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en burros criollos (Equus africanus asinus) del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo transversal. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 47 predios entre los meses de agosto y noviembre de 2015. Se recolectaron muestras coprológicas y se empleó la técnica de flotación, examinándose 144 muestras, De las 144 muestras examinadas 136 (94,44%) resultaron positivas al menos para algún género de parásito. Las frecuencias encontradas fueron de Trichostrongylus spp. 91,67%, Strongylus spp. 68.06%, Strongyloides westeri 66,67%, Parascaris equorum 9,72%, Anoplocephala perfoliata 5,56% y Eimeria spp. 2,78%. Se pudo concluir que existe una elevada presencia de nematodos en comparación con los cestodos y protozoarios, encontrados en los asnos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia.
Estudio comparativo de parámetros composicionales y nutricionales en leche de vaca, cabra y búfala, Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Ocampo G. Ricardo , Gomez A. Caterine , Restrepo V. Diego , Cardona C. Henry
Published: June 2018

La leche es un líquido secretado por las hembras de todas las especies de mamíferos, la cual es utilizada principalmente para satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales de la cría recién nacida. Es una fuente importante de carbohidratos, lípidos, proteínas, vitaminas y minerales. A lo largo de la historia en varios países se ha caracterizado la composición y calidad nutricional de la leche de numerosas especies de mamíferos, especialmente las que han sido domesticadas. Sin embargo en Colombia no hay suficiente información en lo que respecta a leches producidas por especies no vacunas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la composición y evaluar la calidad nutricional de las leches de vaca, cabra y búfalo. La leche de búfala presento valores más altos para parámetros tales como la proteína (4,07%), grasa (7,23%), lactosa (5,06%), solidos totales (16,81%) y solidos no grasos (9,91%) que las leches de cabra y vaca, lo cual la convierte en una excelente alternativa para la producción y transformación de productos. De otro lado la leche de cabra presento el mayor contenido de grasa poliinsaturada (0,1298 g/100g) comparadas con las leches de vaca y búfala, lo que la hace más digestible y saludable para el consumo humano. Todo lo anterior llevó a la conclusión de que cada uno de estos tipos de leche tiene características particulares que las hacen más o menos digestibles y adecuadas para la fabricación de productos lácteos, lo cual determina las ventajas y desventajas de cada una de las especies.
Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico reflexivo a través de la enseñanza de la historia en Benguela
Authors: Luís Wafunga Âurea Augusto , Rodríguez-García Antonio-Manuel , Fuentes Cabrera Arturo
Published: June 2018

El pensamiento crítico y reflexivo es una característica necesaria para los docentes en el contexto actual. A partir de la observación y la experiencia como docentes en el Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Educación de Benguela de la Universidad de Katyavala Buíla vemos que la ilustración de la historia en la Licenciatura de Enseñanza de la Historia contribuye poco al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y reflexivo. Esto es un aspecto muy relevante si tenemos en cuenta la necesidad de formar a buenos docentes críticos y reflexivos que sean capaces de promover un pensamiento crítico en sus estudiantes de manera que cuestionen los diferentes contextos sociales. El estudio que aquí presentamos consistió en analizar el pensamiento crítico-reflexivo a través de la enseñanza de la historia. Para ello se utilizó la observación no participante y un cuestionario. La información recogida mostró que los encuestados señalan una baja contribución de la enseñanza de la historia al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y reflexivo. De este modo, se necesitan adapotar nuevas estrategias metodológicas con el fin de promover habilidades tales como: el análisis, la crítica, la reflexión, el razonamiento y la comprensión de los problemas en un entorno histórico.
Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico a través de la competencia comunicativa en la Educación Superior
Authors: Balaguer Fábregas M. Carme , Pujol Valls Maria , Graell Martín Mariona
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un programa de investigación transversal para analizar el desarrollo del aprendizaje de los estudiantes que cursan la formación inicial de maestros de Educación Infantil. A lo largo de la carrera los estudiantes tienen que formarse en diferentes competencias que les permitan convertirse en buenas personas y buenos profesionales. Pero, ¿cuál es el proceso a través del que los estudiantes pasan a asumir el pensamiento crítico y las competencias comunicativas que les permitirán ser maestros? ¿Cuál es la forma como los estudiantes autoregulan sus aptitudes lingüísticas, orales y escritas? ¿Son conscientes y críticos con su propio aprendizaje en esta materia? En este proyecto se quiere observar el proceso que nuestros estudiantes siguen para desarrollar estas cuestiones. A través de procesos reflexivos, se plantea el estudio de los procesos metacognitivos que permiten la cristalización de los conocimientos y las habilidades lingüísticas. Se prevé una investigación durante un período de 2 años. La metodología que se va a implementar es un modelo longitudinal mixto (cualitativo, cuantitativo) que se espera que aporte informaciones sobre la percepción de los estudiantes de grado de Educación Infantil, sobre el desarrollo de su competencia lingüística y comunicativa. En este artículo concretamente se pretende describir el diseño de la investigación, el instrumento elaborado y los primeros resultados de naturaleza cualitativa de los que se desprende la necesidad de mejorar los procesos de reflexión de los estudiantes de grado de Educación Infantil.
Antidepressant drugs for older patients on polypharmacy: a systematic review reveals best evidence for sertraline
Authors: Stuhec Matej , Serra-Mestres Jordi
Published: June 2018

Objectives

There is almost no data on antidepressant prescribing in older adults treated with polypharmacy, although this population represents approximately 50% of older patients. These patients are frequently excluded from double-blind randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses and existing treatment guidelines. The main aim of this paper was to identify data on antidepressant prescribing in depressed older adults on polypharmacy using a systematic review.

Methods

Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and other clinical trials in Medline/PubMed without language limitation (-2017) were searched to identify those with older depressed patients on polypharmacy. Only elderly patients (>65 years as mean) were included. Only approved antidepressants were included.

Results

The systematic search identified 26 different clinical trials, although only one clinical open label trial with sertraline met the final inclusion criteria. This sertraline trial indicated the absence of clinically important drug-drug interactions and confirmed the effectiveness and safety of sertraline in routine clinical practice. Heterogeneity in this trial was high in almost all the categories except attrition and reporting bias.

Conclusions

Sertraline has the highest evidence level in older adults with depression on polypharmacy. According to the results of this review and due to a low number of appropriate trials, a basic understanding of psychopharmacology is the possible approach to avoid serious problematic drug combinations in these patients. Newer RCTs are also urgently needed. This is the first systematic review including patients treated with polypharmacy, and therefore, its results are important in the field of evidence-based medicine.
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT GERMPLASM OF BRASSICA JUNCEA AGAINST OROBANCHE AEGYPTIACA
Authors: TABREIZ AHMAD KHAN GULWAIZ AKHTER,
Published: June 2018

Among the major weed groups that cause huge economic losses to important cropping systems, Orobanche species are greatly devastating. Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) is a parasitic weed causing major yield loss in many field and vegetable crops and is a serious threat to Indian mustard. In this study, severalgenotypes of Indian mustard were screened in order to identify resistant genotypes against O. aegyptiaca. In the greenhouse conditions, genotypes were different in the degree of susceptibility to Broomrape. Attachment number, emergence number, and dry matter of parasitic broomrape were affected by biomass of genotype. A significant impact of the parasitism onto the dry weight of all infected mustard genotype with variable degree was observed. Broomrape attachment was observed in all the cultivated genotypes with Pusa mustard 24 being the most susceptible with the greatest number of emerged Orobanche shoots. In contrast, no emergence shoots were observed in four out of the fifteen genotype viz., Pusa Jaikisan, Pusa bold, Pusa Vijay and Pusa mustard 26 which have less attachment number and emergence number. These genotype appear to be interesting for our objectives.
Una avanzadilla malograda: colonización oficial y propiedad inmueble en el protectorado español de Marruecos (1912-1956)
Authors: Marchán Jesús ,   Universitat Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona
Published: June 2018

From a perspective of land management and occupation, this article focusses on the impact of the officially-sponsored colonization of the Spanish Protectorate of Northern Morocco (1912-1956). Using sources in the Archivo General de la Administración and the protectorate’s Bulletin of Acts and Decrees to examine farming activities and property rights, this research mainly analyzes the land distribution work of the specialized Spanish institutions that were introduced into northern Morocco. Our starting point is that Spanish colonialism in Morocco was poorly planned and insufficiently prepared, resulting in negative consequences for the agricultural efforts of the Spanish colonist farmers. Spanish society had a distorted or biased view of the Moroccan people around the year 1900, which undermined the efficacy of colonial action even though misinformation gradually diminished in the following decade. The war against the Rif resistance movement and the continuous lack of financial means contributed to the failure of this initiative. It had an especially negative impact among settlers, who were largely unsuccessful on their farms and in many cases never received the promised official support or resources
A new method for analysing the efficiency of cutting inserts
Authors: Sipos Sándor
Published: June 2018

The operational productivity and the economic efficiency of turning, drilling and milling inserts can be expressed by cutting performance. This complex definition is composed of several main and supplementary features, therefore it is not possible to characterise it by only one indicator. In the present article a new method will be introduced, being able to measure and compare the productive efficiency of turning inserts: the four most important features will be summarised in one indicator. The procedure has a low time requirement, it is built on instrumental investigations, so it does not require great financial and material expenses, it makes possible to use the tools in an optimal way, according to the four aspects, investigated by us, and to qualify the inserts in many ways. The so called complex efficiency indicator serves to measure the effectiveness of innovation, too. The procedure, developed by us, has already been used successfully in case of tools, produced by leading companies and having different functions, design and materials.
A Probabilistic Extension of Action Language BC+
Authors: Lee Joohyung , Wang Yi
Published: June 2018

We present a probabilistic extension of action language BC+. Just like BC+ is defined as a high-level notation of answer set programs for describing transition systems, the proposed language, which we call pBC+, is defined as a high-level notation of LPMLN programs---a probabilistic extension of answer set programs. We show how probabilistic reasoning about transition systems, such as prediction, postdiction, and planning problems, as well as probabilistic diagnosis for dynamic domains, can be modeled in pBC+ and computed using an implementation of LPMLN.
A Survey of Advances in Epistemic Logic Program Solvers
Authors: Leclerc Anthony , Kahl Patrick
Published: June 2018

Recent research in extensions of Answer Set Programming has included a renewed interest in the language of Epistemic Specifications, which adds modal operators K ("known") and M ("may be true") to provide for more powerful introspective reasoning and enhanced capability, particularly when reasoning with incomplete information. An epistemic logic program is a set of rules in this language. Infused with the research has been the desire for an efficient solver to enable the practical use of such programs for problem solving. In this paper, we report on the current state of development of epistemic logic program solvers.
Measuring Disagreement among Knowledge Bases
Authors: Potyka Nico
Published: June 2018

When combining beliefs from different sources,
often not only new knowledge but also conflicts arise.
In this paper, we investigate how we can measure the disagreement
among sources. We start our investigation with disagreement measures
that can be induced from inconsistency measures in an automated way.
After discussing some problems with this approach,
we propose a new measure that is inspired by the $\eta$-inconsistency measure.
Roughly speaking, it measures how well we can satisfy all sources simultaneously.
We show that the new measure satisfies desirable properties,
scales well with respect to the number of sources and illustrate its applicability
in inconsistency-tolerant reasoning.
Yetiştiricilikte Alternatif Gübre Olarak En Çok Tercih Edilen İki Salyangoz (Helix aspersa ve Achatina fulica) Gübresinin Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri
Authors: DOĞANTÜRK Mahmut , GÜRLEK Mustafa Emre
Published: June 2018

Organik
tarım üretiminin kontrollü bir biçimde yapılması, kullanılacak organik gübrenin
kolay ulaşılabilir ve maliyetinin düşük olmasının istenilmesi gibi nedenler
mevcut organik gübrenin kalitesini artırmak ve alternatif organik gübre
geliştirmek üzerine bilimsel çalışmalara ilgiyi artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada
Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi salyangoz çiftliğinde üretimi yapılan Helix aspera ve Achatina fulica türü salyangozların gübrelerinin fiziksel ve
kimyasal özellikleri incelenmiş ve gübrelerin pH’ları 6,1 ile 6,6 arasında
değiştiği, Helix aspera türü
salyangozun nem miktarı %46,20±1,10, Achatina
fulica türü salyangozun gübresini nem miktarı ise %45,26±1,19 olarak tespit
edilmiştir. Örneklerdeki toplam azot miktarı
Helix aspera türü için %12,05±0,34, Achatina
fulica türü için ise %9,39±0,40 olarak tespit edilmiştir (Dumatherm,
Gerhardt metodu). Salyangoz gübre örneklerinin P, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu ve Na
element icerikleri indüktif eşleşmiş plazma optic emisyon spektrometresi
(ICP-OES) cihazı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Helix
aspera türü gübre örnekleri için P 6,65±0,01 mg/kg, Mg 3,94±0,01 mg/kg, K 9,16±0,03
mg/kg, Ca 13,05±0,25 mg/kg, Zn 39,28±1,28, Mn 36,95±0,25 mg/kg, Fe 98,04±0,51
mg/kg, Cu 13,41±0,24 mg/kg, Na 169,18±3.21 mg/kg, Achatina fulica türü salyangoz gübre örneklerinde ise için P 7,42±0,01
mg/kg, Mg 4,24±0,01 mg/kg, K 7,19±0,03 mg/kg, Ca 18,53±0,35 mg/kg, Zn 77,36±1,41
mg/kg, Mn 109,73±0,25 mg/kg, Fe 34,84±0,20 mg/kg, Cu 64,33±0,23 mg/kg, Na 27,71±1,49
mg/kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Salyangoz gübresi üzerine çok fazla çalışma bulunmaması,
organik gübre literatürüne katkı sağlamakta ve alternatif organik gübre
talebine karşılama potansiyeli olması bakımından çalışmanın önemini
arttırmaktadır.
Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kascing (bekas cacing) yang difermentasi dengan dosis yang berbeda dalam kultur Spirulina sp
Authors: Muliani Muliani , Ayuzar Eva , Amri Muhammad Chairul
Published: June 2018

Spirulina sp adalah salah satu pakan alami yang umum digunakan dalam kegiatan pemeliharaan larva ikan dan udang. Penambahan pupuk kascing sebagai sumber nutrien diduga dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kelimpahan sel Spirulina sp. Adapun manfaat dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber informasi untuk masyarakat dan instansi terkait dalam membudidayakan pakan alami Spirulina sp. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 25 Februari-16 Maret 2017 di Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau Ujong Batee, Kecamatan Mesjid Raya, Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Provinsi Aceh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non-faktorial yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Adapun dalam penelitian ini adalah perlakuan A (media kultur kascing 0,7 gr/l), perlakuan  B (media kultur kascing 0,8gr/l), perlakuan C (media kultur kascing 0,9gr/l), perlakuan D (kontrol  menggunakan pupuk UREA, ZA, TSP, Fecl, EDTA dan vitamin B12). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan pupuk kascing untuk meningkatkan kelimpahan sel Spirulina sp memberikan pengaruh sangat berbeda nyata dengan F Hitung (35,75) F Tabel0.01(7.59) terhadap kelimpahan rata-rata sel Spirulina sp akan tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh berbeda nyata terhadap puncak populasi Spirulina sp dengan F hitung (2.59) F Tabel0.05 (4.07) terhadap puncak populasi Spirulina sp.Spirulina sp is one of the most common natural food used in the culture activities of fish and shrimp larvae. The addition of vermicompost as a nutrient source was thought to be used to increase the abundance of Spirulina sp cells.The benefits of this research was expected to be a source of information for the public and related agencies in cultivating natural food Spirulina sp.This research was conducted on February 25 - March 16, 2017 at Hatchery Cultivation Brackish Water Center of Ujong Batee,Mesjid Raya, Aceh Besar, Aceh.The research method used was experimental method with non factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications.In this research, treatment A (culture media vermicompost 0,7 gr/L), treatment B (culture media vermicompost 0,8 gr/L), treatment C (culture media vermicompost 0,9 gr/L), treatment D (control by using fertilizer UREA, ZA, TSP, Fecl, EDTA and vitamin B12).The results showed that the use of vermicompost to increase the abundance of Spirulina sp cells gave significant different effect with F Count (35,75) F Table 0.01 (7.59) to the average abundance of spirulina sp cells but did not give significant different effect to the peak Spirulina sp population with F Count (2.59) F Table 0.05 (4.07) against peak population Spirulina sp.
Tripartite Structures in Schoenberg’sA Survivor from Warsaw
Authors: Argentino Joe R.
Published: June 2018

Arnold Schoenberg’s Holocaust cantataA Survivor From Warsaw, op. 46 features tripartite parallelisms between his self-penned text and his highly-charged music. Tripartite structures permeate all aspects of this Holocaust cantata. Schoenberg’s text includes three languages, utilizes three points of view, and key words or text descriptors are repeated three times. The three languages, three points of view, and tripartite text descriptors are consistent with tripartite elements in the music ofA Survivor from Warsaw. The music that accompanies Schoenberg’s highly-charged text contains form-defining small- and large-scale cycles that consistently feature some form of a [0,4,8] trichord. The omnipresence of the [0,4,8] trichord and tripartite divisions throughoutA Survivor form Warsawsymbolically represent God’s presence throughout the work.
Eternity in Each Moment
Authors: Fillerup Jessie
Published: June 2018

This paper suggests that Ravel’s “Le Gibet” fromGaspard de la nuit(1909) features temporal and formal innovations that anticipate those found in Debussy’sJeux(1913) and Stravinsky’sSymphonies of Wind Instruments(1920). The analysis combines voice-leading techniques with Stockhausen’s notion of “moment form” (further developed by Jonathan Kramer), revealing multiply directed temporal strategies that assert points of stasis, nonlinearity, continuity, and discontinuity. In the poem by Aloysius Bertrand that inspired Ravel’s music, the poetic devices typical of French Romanticism contrast with Ravel’s distinctly modern approach to musical temporality, which explores both durational and spatial models of time.
Introduction
Authors: Sheehy August , Steinbeck Paul
Published: June 2018

During the AMS/SEM/SMT conference in November 2012, the SMT Interest Group on Improvisation and its affiliate group, the SEM Special Interest Group for Improvisation, co-organized a joint session on improvisation studies. Six panelists, two each from AMS, SEM, and SMT, presented position papers on a variety of topics including historical improvisation practices, contingency and stylistic evolution, and the analysis of improvisation. George E. Lewis then delivered a response to the panelists’ papers. Here we present all seven papers as a colloquy.
Renaissance Improvisation and Musicology
Authors: Cumming Julie E.
Published: June 2018

Understanding the role of improvisation in Renaissance polyphony has transformed the author’s musicology in five areas: compositional process; analysis of Renaissance music; style change; pedagogy; and Renaissance culture.
Contemplating the Concept of Improvisation and Its History in Scholarship
Authors: Nettl Bruno
Published: June 2018

This short group of remarks touches on several important matters: It provides a critique of the concept and term “improvisation” as it has been used in the history of scholarship; it briefly traces the changing concept of improvisation in the history of musicology (including ethnomusicology and music theory); and it ends with suggestions for future research, particularly as it concerns intercultural comparative study.
Improvisation, Analysis, and Listening Otherwise
Authors: Sheehy August
Published: June 2018

This essay asks what it would mean to conceive of music analysts as improvisers. Drawing on Derek Bailey’s observations on improvised music and performance, Lydia Goehr’s distinction betweenimprovisation impromptuandimprovisation extempore,and elements of David Lewin’s analytic work, I argue that such a conception returns continually to the relationship between the analyst and the analyzed work as it unfolds in real time, i.e., in listening. Rather than placing moments of heard music within ana prioritheoretical frame, which I call “idiomatic listening,” analysis-as-improvisation resists the idea of stability suggested by theories of music. I suggest that analysis-as-improvisation thereby reflects part of what analysis has historically accomplished as well as the goals analysts implicitly pursue.
Hollywood Cadences
Authors: Lehman Frank
Published: June 2018

Cadences are one of the most powerful tools at a film composer’s disposal. The structure and placement of a cadence can shape the emotional arc of a scene, accentuate narratival information, and manipulate generic expectations. Drawing from theories of film genre and cadential definition from Altman (1999) and Caplin (2002), I explore several cinematically significant “cadential genres”—harmonic routines arising through the convergence of independent musical phenomena that together project a punctuative function. Through processes of attribute substitution and subtraction, a cadential genre can adapt to shifting scoring practices and generic expectations.

I showcase four such cadential genres. The mixed plagal cadence imports transcendent harmonic associations from the Romantic era. Phrasal “mickey mousing” arises through cadential synchronization, as shown in an analysis of Korngold’s Robin Hood. The subtonic half cadence is strongly linked with a specific film genre: the Western. Through analysis of Jerome Moross’s subtonic-saturated scores and subsequent adapted and abstracted usages, I show the value of the generic approach to style-based analysis. Lastly, I inspect the chromatically modulating cadential resolution (CMCR): the strategy of initiating a diatonic cadence in one key only for the dominant to discharge onto the tonic of a chromatically related key. Through a variety of intrinsic and contextual traits describable by linear, transformational, and cognitive models, I explain the strong association of CMCRs with cinematic evocations of wonderment. This is illustrated through a case study of Williams’s Jurassic Park.
Crossing Over with Brad Mehldau’s Cover of Radiohead’s “Paranoid Android”
Authors: Rusch René
Published: June 2018

This paper explores the intertextual relationships between popular music songs and their jazz adaptations, or “covers.” In a jazz adaptation of a pop song, the improvisatory sectionwedged between two more or less complete statements of the pop songforms the crux of the jazz performance. Improvisation affords musicians an opportunity to create something new out of an existing musical work and, as I suggest in this paper, has the potential to transform the expression perceived in the popular song’s lyrics and musical structure. Using Brad Mehldau’s live solo piano performance of Radiohead’s “Paranoid Android” (1997) from his promotional albumDeregulating Jazz([1999] 2000) as a case in point, I show how his adaptation both highlights the motivic repetitions in the original rock song and heightens the song’s expressions of anxiety and apprehension.

The article unfolds in two sections. The first section provides an overview of Radiohead’s “Paranoid Android” as a means to ground my discussion of Mehldau's recording. Here I consider how the rock song’s musical content can be heard as the analog of its lyrical content. In the second section, I explore the intertextual relationships that emerge between Mehldau's adaptation and Radiohead's rock song, drawing from my transcriptions and analyses of both musical texts.
Timing and Meter in Mande Drumming from Mali
Authors: Polak Rainer , London Justin
Published: June 2018

This paper focuses on two pieces, “Ngòn Fariman” and “Bire,” representatives of two ethnically and regionally specific styles of Mande dance music from Mali, Bambara and Khasonka drumming. After introducing their performance contexts, instrumentation, and the basic roles of each part in their respective ensembles (i.e., the core metrical accompaniment, the piece-determining “hook,” and the improvising and regulative lead drum), timing data from several performances of each piece are analyzed, providing evidence of discrete categories of beat subdivision (Long vs. Short) as well as evidence of expressive variations within each category. The effects of a large-scale structural acceleration, characteristic of Malian drumming, and the presence of performer-specific microtiming patterns are also assessed. The implications of subdivision timing in Mande drumming for more general theories of metric well formedness are discussed, and we argue that such theories require a broader sense of (a) how non-isochrony may be integrated into a metrical framework, and (b) how metric theories need to reflect level-specific aspects of well-formedness. We also posit that the timing of beat subdivisions in Mande drumming have analogs in other music, most notably the “swing ratio” in jazz.
Convergence Points in Conlon Nancarrow’s Tempo Canons
Authors: Nemire Julie A.
Published: June 2018

A major structural feature of Conlon Nancarrow’s tempo canons, in which canonic material moves at different speeds in different voices, is the places where the musical lines converge to a simultaneous attack. These convergence points can vary in importance and function, and, depending on the type of canon being used in the piece, there may be only one or two convergence points per piece, or many. This paper considers the work of Nancarrow scholars such as Kyle Gann, Margaret Thomas, and the current author, examines the features of convergence points in Nancarrow’s tempo canons, and illustrates the many ways they are used in his Studies for Player Piano. Attention is also paid to compositional choices made by Nancarrow regarding where opportunities for convergences would occur (i.e., points of simultaneity), and how these might be manipulated, emphasized, de-emphasized, or avoided. The discussion of convergence points leads to an analysis of Study No. 27, Nancarrow’s last acceleration canon.
Total Voice Leading
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: June 2018

The total voice leading between sets X and Y is defined as the complete collection of ordered pc intervals formed between the pcs in X and the pcs in Y. These interval multisets (imultisets) describe the sonic signature of the motion from X to Y, and they always have the property of transpositional combination. In some cases, the same total voice leading may be produced by different pairs of X and Y (Cohn 1988 refers to this as “multiple parentage”). In such cases, the total voice leading may remain the same even though the generating chords differ.
Genus, Species and Mode in Vicentino’s 31-tone Compositional Theory
Authors: Wild Jonathan
Published: June 2018

This article explores the pitch structures developed by Nicola Vicentino in his 1555 treatise L’Antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica. I examine the rationale for his background gamut of 31 pitch classes, and document the relationships among his accounts of the genera, species, and modes, and between his and earlier accounts. Specially recorded and retuned audio examples illustrate some of the surviving enharmonic and chromatic musical passages.
Derivation of Operation Rule for Ilisu Dam
Authors: Ali Ahmed Abdul-Sahib Mohammed , Abed Zahra'a Hakim
Published: June 2018

Tigris River water that comes from Turkey represents the main water resource of this river in Iraq. The expansion in water river implementations has formed a source of trouble for the workers in the water resources management field in Iraqi. Unfortunately, there is no agreement between Iraq and Turkey till now to share the water of this international river. Consequently, the optimal operation of water resources systems, particularly a multi-objective, multi-reservoir, is of the most necessity at the present time.

 In this research two approaches, were used the dynamic programming (DP) approach and simulation model to find the optimal monthly operation of Ilisu Dam (from an Iraqi point of view) through a computer program (in Q. Basic language) to find the optimum monthly release and storage by adopting an objective function that minimizes the release and storage losses (penalty). The historical inflow data of 588 months from (Oct. 1961 to Sep. 2009) formed the input data to the optimization models. Storage rule curves for the reservoir at (lower, mean, upper) of (10%, 50%, and 90%), respectively, were found according to the results of the optimized operation. A simulation model was developed to operate the system using these rule curves.
Determining and Predicting the Water Demand Dynamic System Model Mapping Urban Crawling and Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Techniques and GIS
Authors: Khudair Basim Hussein , Sadeq Noor Sameer , Mahmoud Raghad Sameer
Published: June 2018

The problem of rapid population growth is one of the main problems effecting countries of the world the reason for this the growth in different environment areas of life commercial, industrial, social, food and educational. Therefore, this study was conducted on the amount of potable water consumed using two models of the two satellite and aerial images of the Kadhimiya District-block 427 and Al-Shu,laa district-block 450 in Baghdad city for available years in the Secretariat of Baghdad (2005, 2011,2013,2015). Through the characteristics of geographic information systems, which revealed the spatial patterns of urban creep by determining the role and buildings to be created, which appear in the picture for the year 2008, 2013, 2015, respectively, compared to buildings and residential areas allocated in 2005. Comparison of each year before to estimate the number the population is the bidder in these years. The amount of water consumed in this period has also been obtained to estimate the amount of water produced for sanitation. The knowledge of growing buildings, increasing population and percentage of increase in the amount of water consumed. Geographic information systems reveal spatial patterns of civilian creep by measuring dimensions in new urban expansion areas from city middle and roads. In various years and in order to knowledge changes that have occurred in particular in the built-up areas, and the urban analyze congestion for periods of lagging and the growth prediction of urban area in the coming years.
The challenges of doing gender research in developing countries
Authors: Ntata Pierson R. T. , Biruk Chrystal
Published: June 2018

We aim to illustrate how the tenor and character of the initial importation of the concept of gender into the Malawian context continues to impact, construct, and pose challenges to the study of gender in Malawi. Ultimately, we argue that complex and ethnographically grounded approaches to studying gender in Malawi may serve as a corrective to a long legacy of conceptual imperialism that has ramifications for both the researched and researchers in Malawi.
Close but not too close. Distant but not too distant
Authors: Oltedal Siv
Published: June 2018

In this explorative and comparative article a suitable social distance in the client-social worker relationship will be in focus. When do clients need a social worker “as if she is a friend” and when do they appreciate a professional “as if she is a stranger”? How does context have an impact on what we see as legitimate relationships? We will be listening to voices on these issues from poor single mothers and social workers in five countries – Australia, USA, Canada, Russia and Norway.
The use of Triangulation in Social Sciences Research
Authors: Hussein Ashatu
Published: June 2018

This article refers to a study in Tanzania on fringe benefits or welfare via the work contract1 where we will work both quantitatively and qualitatively. My focus is on the vital issue of combining methods or methodologies. There has been mixed views on the uses of triangulation in researches. Some authors argue that triangulation is just for increasing the wider and deep understanding of the study phenomenon, while others have argued that triangulation is actually used to increase the study accuracy, in this case triangulation is one of the validity measures. Triangulation is defined as the use of multiple methods mainly qualitative and quantitative methods in studying the same phenomenon for the purpose of increasing study credibility. This implies that triangulation is the combination of two or more methodological approaches, theoretical perspectives, data sources, investigators and analysis methods to study the same phenomenon.However, using both qualitative and quantitative paradigms in the same study has resulted into debate from some researchers arguing that the two paradigms differ epistemologically and ontologically. Nevertheless, both paradigms are designed towards understanding about a particular subject area of interest and both of them have strengths and weaknesses. Thus, when combined there is a great possibility of neutralizing the flaws of one method and strengthening the benefits of the other for the better research results. Thus, to reap the benefits of two paradigms and minimizing the drawbacks of each, the combination of the two approaches have been advocated in this article. The quality of our studies on welfare to combat poverty is crucial, and especially when we want our conclusions to matter in practice.
THE EFFECTS OF CABLE CHARACTERISTICS ON MAXIMUM OVERVOLTAGE IN COMBINED OVERHEAD/CABLE LINES PROTECTED BY SURGE ARRESTERS
Authors: Alizadeh Reza , Mirzaie Mohammad
Published: June 2018

Â This paper presents the calculation of maximum lightning overvoltage for a transmission system consisting of overhead lines in combination with an underground power cable. For this purpose, a 132 kV overhead transmission line combined with an underground cable is considered. This combined line has been protected by surge arresters. EMTP-RV and MATLAB software are used to conduct the modeling, simulation and calculation works. Lightning strikes on the tower top and results in large over-voltages appearing along overhead lines and cable. Underground cable characteristics have significant effects on maximum lightning over-voltages. Therefore, the three characteristics considered for these effects are: (i) cable length; (ii) cable core resistivity, (iii) cable sheath resistivity. Tower footing resistance effect is also included in the computer simulation. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini berkenaan tentang pengiraan takat maksimum voltan kilat berlebihan bagi sistem transmisi melibatkan kabel atas kepala termasuk kabel tenaga bawah tanah. Bagi tujuan ini, talian kabel penghantaran atas kepala 132 kV termasuk kabel bawah tanah telah diambil kira. Kombinasi kabel ini dilindungi dengan penahan lonjakan voltan tenaga. Perisian EMTP-RV dan MATLAB telah digunakan untuk membuat model, simulasi dan kerja-kerja pengiraan. Panahan petir di atas puncak bangunan merupakan penyebab utama voltan berlebihan muncul bersama talian atas kepala dan kabel. Ciri-ciri kabel bawah tanah merupakan faktor penyumbang utama ke atas voltan berlebihan daripada kilat. Oleh itu, tiga kes telah diambil kira sebagai penyumbang voltan berlebihan: (i) panjang kabel; (ii) rintangan teras kabel, (iii) rintangan sarung kabel. Kesan rintangan tapak bangunan turut diambil kira dalam simulasi komputer.
PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM) WITH NICKEL ADDED DIELECTRIC FLUID
Authors: KHAN AHSAN ALI , Al Hazza Muataz Hazza faizi
Published: June 2018

In this study, the effect of nickel powder mixed dielectric fluid on Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) performance of mild steel has been carried out. Peak current, tool/electrode diameter and concentration of powder are the process parameters. The process performance is measured in terms of material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and surface roughness (SR). The experiment has been designed using a Full Factorial in Design of Experiment (DOE) software. The research outcome is to identify the important process parameters that maximize MRR and minimize TWR and SR. The experiment has been carried out using 2 levels of current (3.5 A and 6.5 A), tool diameters (14 mm and 20 mm) and Nickel powder concentrations (0 g/l and 6 g/l). The weight of the mild steel work piece and copper electrode are measured before and after each run. Based on the results, current is the most significant parameter affecting MRR, TWR, and SR. It was also found that with added nickel powder in the dielectric fluid, the tool life is longer and surface roughness of the work piece is improved. Furthermore, it was shown that both MRR and TWR increased with the increase in tool diameter. However, SR was improved as tool diameter increased but its effect was not very significant. ABSTRAK: Dalam kajian ini, mutu keberhasilan campuran serbuk nikel cecair dielektrik pada Sisa Mesin Elektrik (EDM) ke atas besi ringan telah dijalankan. Arus tertinggi, alat/diameter elektrod dan ketumpatan serbuk adalah parameter kawalan. Pencapaian proses diukur dari segi kadar penyingkiran bahan (MRR), kadar penggunaan alat (TWR) dan kekasaran permukaan (SR). Eksperimen ini direka bentuk dengan menggunakan perisian Faktorial Penuh dalam Rekaan Eksperimen (DOE). Hasil kajian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kepentingan parameter kawalan yang mengoptimumkan MRR, meminimumkan TWR dan SR. Eksperimen ini dijalankan pada 2 peringkat arus elektrik (3.5 A dan 6.5 A), diameter alat (14 mm dan 20 mm) dan ketumpatan serbuk nikel (0 g/l and 6 g/l). Berat bahan uji seperti besi ringan dan elektrod tembaga diukur pada sebelum dan selepas setiap ujian. Berdasarkan keputusan, arus elektrik adalah faktor paling ketara yang mempengaruhi MRR, TWR, dan kekasaran permukaan. Turut didapati pada setiap pertambahan serbuk Nikel ke dalam cecair dielektrik, jangka hayat alat turut bertambah dan kekasaran permukaan pada bahan uji turut bertambah baik. Selain itu, kedua-dua MRR dan TWR bertambah dengan setiap pertambahan diameter alat. Sebaliknya, kekasaran permukaan bertambah baik dengan pertambahan diameter alat tetapi kesannya tidak ketara.
AMORPHOUS STRUCTURE IN CU-ZN-V-AL OXIDE COMPOSITE CATALYST FOR METHANOL REFORMING
Authors: Mahmud Mohd Sabri , Yaakob Zahira , Mohamad Abu Bakar , Wan Daud Wan Ramli , Dai Viet Vo Nguyen
Published: June 2018

Cu-Zn-V-Al oxide composite catalysts were prepared using a co-precipitation method to investigate hydrogen and carbon monoxide yield of a methanol reforming reaction. The mass compositions of metals were initially determined on the Simplex Centroid statistical design. The effects of various metal compositions on the physicochemical properties of the catalyst were studied via X-ray diffractogram (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) analyses, and reaction. XRD revealed crystals in the samples. Crystalline CuO in Cu30V30Al40 formed with the addition of zinc oxide at the metal loading below 30 wt%. A combination of zinc oxide and vanadia, however, had no Zn-V complex crystal but its scanning electron microscopy image showed the formation of string structures (AS). The catalyst that contained the AS exhibited a broad hydrogen reduction peak in the TPR analysis. Vanadium at a loading below 40 wt% with various zinc and cuprum compositions also formed small ASs and exhibited single TPR peaks. A reaction yield study revealed the optimum compositions of metal oxides when the data was fitted by response surface plots. The catalysts with high content of AS were not at the peaks however. Cu-Zn based catalysts showed the highest hydrogen yield for the reaction temperature of between 150 oC to 225 oC and vanadia-promoted catalyst with AS only appeared to be the optimum catalyst at the higher temperature. ABSTRAK: Mangkin komposit oksida Cu-Zn-V-Al disediakan menggunakan kaedah pemendakan bersama untuk mengkaji hasil hidrogen dan karbon monoksida daripada tindak balas pembentukan semula metanol. Komposisi jisim logam-logam dikenal pasti terlebih dahulu menggunakan reka bentuk statistik Simplex Centroid. Pelbagai kesan komposisi logam terhadap sifat-sifat mangkin kimia-fizikal dikaji menerusi analisis-analisis pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan program penurunan suhu teratur (TPR), dan tindak balas kimia. Hasil analisis XRD menzahirkan kristal pada sampel-sampel. Hablur CuO terbentuk dalam Cu30V30Al40 dengan penambahan zink oksida pada muatan logam kurang daripada 30% berat. Gabungan zink oksida dan vanadia walau bagaimanapun tidak menghasilkan hablur kompleks Zn-V, namun imbasan imej mikroskop elektron menunjukkan pembentukan struktur tetali (AS). Mangkin yang mengandungi AS menunjukkan penurunan puncak hidrogen yang lebar dalam analisis TPR. Vanadium pada muatan berat logam kurang daripada 40% berbanding komposisi zink dan kuprum juga membentuk AS kecil dan menghasilkan puncak-puncak TPR tunggal. Hasil tindak balas kajian menunjukkan komposisi optimum oksida logam apabila data ujikaji dipadankan dengan menggunakan plot permukaan respon. Mangkin yang mempunyai kandungan AS tertinggi bagaimanapun tidak berada pada puncak. Mangkin berasaskan Cu-Zn menunjukkan hasil hidrogen tertinggi bagi suhu tindak balas antara 150 oC hingga 225 oC dan mangkin yang ditambah vanadia bersama AS pula muncul sebagai mangkin optimum pada suhu lebih tinggi.
OPTIMIZATION OF RED PIGMENT PRODUCTION BY MONASCUS PURPUREUS FTC 5356 USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: M. Said Farhan , Hamid Nor Farhana Binti
Published: June 2018

Factors such as environmental conditions and nutrients are significant for successful growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Manipulations of the factors are the most effective way to stimulate the growth of the microorganism, which can be used to optimize the yield of a product. In this study, Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the production of red pigment by Monascus purpureus FTC 5356 using the petioles of oil palm fronds (OPF) as a substrate in solid state fermentation (SSF). The data was analyzed using Design Expert Software. The optimum combination predicted via RSM was confirmed through experimental work. The interactions between three variables such as initial moisture content (%), initial pH value (pH), and peptone concentration (%) were studied and modelled. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the optimal conditions for red pigment production 47 AU/g with the biomass of 425.1 mg/g was at 55% initial moisture content, 3% of peptone, and at pH 3.Â  The RSM results showed that the initial pH value had a significant effect on red pigment production (P-value <0.05). The validation of these results was also conducted by fermentation with predicted conditions and it was found that there was a discrepancy of 0.39% between the values of the experimental result and those of the predicted values. ABSTRAK: Keadaan persekitaran dan nutrien merupakan faktor-faktor penting dalam pertumbuhan mikroorganisma. Manipulasi faktor-faktor tersebut adalah kaedah terbaik bagi meningkatkan pertumbuhan mikroorganisma dan mengoptimumkan penghasilan produk. Kajian ini mengguna pakai Rekaan Gabungan Pusat (CCD) melalui Kaedah Tindak balas Permukaan (RSM) bagi penghasilan pigmen merah optimum oleh Monascus purpureus FTC 5356 menggunakan batang pelepah kelapa sawit (OPF) sebagai perumah dalam proses penapaian pepejal (SSF). Data telah dianalisis menggunakan perisian Design Expert. Gabungan parameter optimum seperti cadangan RSM telah disahkan secara eksperimen. Interaksi antara tiga pemboleh ubah seperti kandungan lembapan awal (%), nilai pH awal (pH), dan kepekatan pepton (%) telah dikaji dan dimodelkan. Analisis statistik menunjukkan penghasilan optimal pigmen merah adalah pada 47 AU/g dengan biomas sebanyak 425.1 mg/g, pada 55% lembapan awal, 3% pepton dan pada pH 3. Hasil keputusan RSM menunjukkan pH awal memberikan kesan signifikan kepada penghasilan pigmen merah (nilai P <0.05). Pengesahan analisis juga telah dijalankan melalui proses penapaian dan hasil ujikaji mendapati 0.39% lebih tinggi daripada nilai jangkaan.