bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling in Earth system science up to and beyond IPCC AR5
Authors: Hajima Tomohiro , Kawamiya Michio , Watanabe Michio , Kato Etsushi , Tachiiri Kaoru , Sugiyama Masahiro , Watanabe Shingo , Okajima Hideki , Ito Akinori
Published: December 2014

Changes in the natural environment that are the result of human activities are becoming evident. Since these changes are interrelated and can not be investigated without interdisciplinary collaboration between scientific fields, Earth system science (ESS) is required to provide a framework for recognizing anew the Earth system as one composed of its interacting subsystems. The concept of ESS has been partially realized by Earth system models (ESMs). In this paper, we focus on modeling in ESS, review related findings mainly from the latest assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and introduce tasks under discussion for the next phases of the following areas of science: the global nitrogen cycle, ocean acidification, land-use and land-cover change, ESMs of intermediate complexity, climate geoengineering, ocean CO2 uptake, and deposition of bioavailable iron in marine ecosystems. Since responding to global change is a pressing mission in Earth science, modeling will continue to contribute to the cooperative growth of diversifying disciplines and expanding ESS, because modeling connects traditional disciplines through explicit interaction between them.
Model‐Independent Evaluation of Tumor Markers and a Logistic‐Tree Approach to Diagnostic Decision Support
Authors: Ni Weizeng , Huang Samuel H. , Su Qiang , Shi Jinghua
Published: December 2014

Sensitivity and specificity of using individual tumor markers hardly meet the clinical requirement. This challenge gave rise to many efforts, e.g., combing multiple tumor markers and employing machine learning algorithms. However, results from different studies are often inconsistent, which are partially attributed to the use of different evaluation criteria. Also, the wide use of model‐dependent validation leads to high possibility of data overfitting when complex models are used for diagnosis. We propose two model‐independent criteria, namely, area under the curve (AUC) and Relief to evaluate the diagnostic values of individual and multiple tumor markers, respectively. For diagnostic decision support, we propose the use of logistic‐tree which combines decision tree and logistic regression. Application on a colorectal cancer dataset shows that the proposed evaluation criteria produce results that are consistent with current knowledge. Furthermore, the simple and highly interpretable logistic‐tree has diagnostic performance that is competitive with other complex models.
Effects of Skin Surface Temperature on Photoplethysmograph
Authors: Jeong In Choel , Yoon Hyungro , Kang Hyunjeong , Yeom Hojun
Published: December 2014

Photoplethysmograph (PPG) has been widely used to investigate various cardiovascular conditions. Previous studies demonstrated effects of temperature of the measurement environment; however, an integrated evaluation has not been established in environments with gradual air temperature variation. The purpose of this study is to investigate variations and relationships of blood pressure (BP), PPG and cardiovascular parameters such as heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR), by changing skin surface temperature (SST). Local mild cooling and heating was conducted on 16 healthy subjects. The results showed that local SST changes affected Finometer blood pressures (Finger BP), PPG components and TPR, but not the oscillometric blood pressure (Central BP), HR, SV and CO, and indicated that temperature must be maintained and monitored to reliably evaluate cardiovascular conditions in temperature‐varying environments.
Survey of the Hymenoptera Fauna in a "Caatinga" Area in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Daniell Rodrigo Rodrigues , Guimarães Jorge Anderson , Araujo Elton Lucio , Lara Rogéria Inês Rosa , Perioto Nelson Wanderley
Published: December 2014

The aim of this study was to carry out a survey of the fauna of the Hymenoptera families in an area of Caatinga in Mossoró, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The samplings were carried out with Malaise traps, active between 6th of February and 6th of March, 2007 and between 13th March and 14th April, 2008. A total of 5,057 Hymenoptera, belonging to 12 superfamilies and 36 families, were collected. The most abundant superfamilies were: Chalcidoidea (1,206 specimens/23.85% of the total), Vespoidea (886/17.52%), Ichneumonoidea (837/16.55%) and Platygastroidea (801/15.84%) and the most abundant families were: Platygastridae (801/15.84%), Braconidae (616/12.18%), Pteromalidae (583/11.53%), Figitidae (454/8.98%), Pompilidae (444/8.78%) and Formicidae (268/5.30%). The data obtained allow us to affirm that the Caatinga encompasses substantial family richness of Hymenoptera and that renewed effort is necessary to sample its fauna in a more extensive way.

Levantamento da Fauna de Hymenoptera em uma Área de Caatinga do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil

Resumo. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar levantamento das famílias de himenópteros presentes em área de Caatinga em Mossoró, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas com armadilhas Malaise, entre 6 de fevereiro e 6 de março de 2007 e 13 de março e 14 de abril de 2008. Foram coletados 5.057 himenópteros pertencentes a 12 superfamílias e 36 famílias. As superfamílias mais abundantes foram: Chalcidoidea (1.206 exemplares/23,85% do total), Vespoidea (886/17,52%), Ichneumonoidea (837/16,55%) e Platygastroidea (801/15,84%) e as famílias mais abundantes foram: Platygastridae (801/15,84%), Braconidae (616/12,18%), Pteromalidae (583/11,53%), Figitidae (454/8,98%), Pompilidae (444/8,78%) e Formicidae (268/5,30%). Os dados obtidos demonstram grande riqueza de famílias de himenópteros na Caatinga e que estudos adicionais são necessários para estabelecer a riqueza desta fauna de forma mais extensiva.
Modular form as a curatorial practice
Authors: Marczewska Kaja
Published: December 2014

This article discusses a curatorial approach to authorship as a model for thinking about what I describe as an iterative modular poem, a poetic text composed of appropriated segments. As a response to contemporary proliferation of literary and artistic works created by iterative means, i.e. through acts of appropriation, remixing and remediation, the article is an attempt at putting forward ‘the curatorial’ as an emerging paradigm of writing for the twenty-first century. The article approaches established paradigms of authorship, creativity and originality as inadequate with respect to contemporary experimental poetic practices to suggest a shift from creating to collecting and curating as a possible alternative model for thinking about instances of iterative creative writing. The argument focuses on Robert Fitterman’s Holocaust Museum (2011) as an example of an iterative modular poem and a text emblematic of such curatorial approach to authorship.
Excerpt from The Fundamental Questions
Authors: Weichbrodt Gregor , Bennett Vicki
Published: December 2014

Who am I? Where do I come from? What is my purpose in Life and what happens when I die? For centuries people have tried to come up with answers regarding the fundamental questions of life. Then the Internet was invented and these questions have finally been answered – by users. The book The Fundamental Questions captures these questions in an inspiring record of epic proportions where every individual verse becomes a mantra of a mind-expanding collective thought. It reminds us, that one single answer is never the answer. Thousands of user profiles from the web were parsed, matched according to four questions and sorted in an alphabetical order.
Richtlinien zur barrierefreien Gestaltung virtueller Klassenzimmer für Blinde / Guidelines for the Accessible Design of Virtual Classrooms for the Blind
Authors: Köhlmann Wiebke
Published: December 2014

E-Learning kann den Zugang zu Lernmaterialien für Lernende mit Behinderung erleichtern. Jedoch treten insbesondere für blinde Nutzer Barrieren bei der Verwendung visuell dominierter synchroner Lernarrangements auf. Die vorhandenen barrierefreiheitsfördernden Funktionen erleichtern die Teilnahme blinder Nutzer, können jedoch eine gleichberechtigte Verwendung nicht garantieren. Dieser Artikel fasst eine Produktanalyse virtueller Klassenzimmer zusammen und stellt einen funktionalen Katalog mit Richtlinien an für blinde Nutzer zugängliche virtuelle Klassenzimmer vor.
A note on the functional distribution of ille in Late Latin
Authors: Pieroni Silvia
Published: December 2014

This paper deals with the distribution of adnominal ille in Late Latin. While the literature on the topic is substantial, the aim of the paper is not to seek attestations of ille which foreshadow its article or article-like function, but simply to look for some functional properties that allow for its future development as a marker of definiteness. Moreover, this paper aims at considering the distribution of ille in the context of the propositional structure taken as a whole. The Peregrinatio Aetheriae is first analysed, as a privileged text for looking at a redundant use of adnominal ille. In this text, the frequency of occurrences of adnominal ille appears to be linked to the frequency of presentative structures: in particular, ille is often found within post-verbal noun phrases which, even while fulfilling the subject function, combine a predicative and/or rhematic function with the argumental one, precisely as in existential and presentative structures. The hypothesis may thus be suggested that ille occurs as a marker of nominative nominals which occur in “atypical” combinations of syntactic and pragmatic functions and in correlation with a marked linear order. In a second step, this analysis is checked against a further corpus, drawn from St. Augustine’s Confessiones where, again, ille is found either as a marker of nominals which, in addition to functioning as arguments, have a predicative and rhematic value, or as a marker of nominals which occur in propositional structures where other nominal (or adjectival) elements are involved as predicates as well.
Probabilistic representations of matrix variate skew normal models
Authors: Ning Wei
Published: December 2014

Azzalini [Scand. J. Stat. 12 (1985), 171–178] first introduced the skew normal
distribution family with a shape parameter λ, and then
extended this family by adding an additional shape
parameters ξ. Basic properties of these two families were
studied. Henze [Scand. J. Stat. 13
(1986), 271–275] gave the probabilistic representations for
these two families by interpreting it as the linear combination of a
normal random variable with another normal random variable truncated
at the origin and several properties were illustrated. Chen and
Gupta [Statistics 39 (2005), no. 3, 247–253] extended the skew normal distribution family to the
matrix variate and proposed the moment generating function and the
quadratic form of the matrix variate skew normal models. Motivated
by these results, we first study the probabilistic representation
for the matrix variate skew normal models and several properties.
Then we define the extended skew normal model of the matrix variate,
and give the probabilistic representation for this family and its
extension.
To Be or not to Be: Band-Like Transport in Quantum Dot Solids
Authors: Scheele Marcus
Published: December 2014

Recent experimental data on charge carrier transport in quantum dot
solids is analyzed in light of the question whether band-like
transport is the most plausible mechanism to account for the observed
behavior. Upon reviewing some physical fundamentals of
temperature-activated hopping, small polaron hopping and band-like
transport, it is established that a combined approach of different
experimental methods is required to achieve a satisfactory degree of
unambiguousness to address this question. In doing so, at least one
example is identified for which a high degree of supporting evidence
exists that transport is in fact diffusive. It is highlighted that
temperature-dependent Hall Effect measurements play an important role
in this respect.
Calidad de vida y medio ambiente: residuos sólidos y bienestar en tres escuelas de la cuenca alta del río la Sabana, Acapulco, Guerrero, México
Authors: Cañedo-Villareal Roberto , Barragán Mendoza María del Carmen , Olivier Salomé Branly , Júarez-Romero Octaviano
Published: December 2014

Este artículo presenta resultados de investigación respecto a la clasificación de residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) generados por tres escuelas (primaria, secundaria y bachillerato) de la cuenca alta del río La Sabana, en Acapulco, México. Además identifica el nivel de vida de las familias de los estudiantes de dichas escuelas y la calidad de vida (INCAVI) de un grupo representativo del “Kilómetro 42”. La clasificación in situ de los RSU se hizo bajo las normas oficiales mexicanas; el nivel de vida se determinó de acuerdo con la regla AMAI 10X6 y el INCAVI, con  la técnica de la comisión Stiglitz del gobierno francés. La primaria reportó la generación de 620 kg por ciclo escolar-1 de RSU, 5,7 kg per cápita, principalmente papel (25%); la secundaria, 1295 kg, 10,5 kg per cápita, y residuos de jardinería (13%); mientras que el bachillerato reportó 1196 kg, 11,5 kg per cápita, y plástico rígido (26%). Respecto al nivel de vida, clasificado en seis estratos, el 65% de familias de la escuela primaria está entre el primero y el segundo, 30% entre tercero y cuarto, y 5% entre quinto y sexto; de la secundaria, 21%, 68,4% y 10,6%; del bachillerato, 64,7%, 35,3% y 0%; consideradas las tres escuelas: 50%, 44,6% y 5,4%, respectivamente. Respecto a la percepción personal de calidad de vida, el 50% de las personas la considera buena, 31,3% mala y 18,8% muy mala; con el INCAVI resulta: 31,3% buena, 62,5% mala y 6,3% muy mala. Esto es una percepción positiva ante condiciones de vida escasas.
O fazer da enfermeira no sistema local de saúde: individual ou coletivo?
Authors: Assis Marluce Maria Araújo
Published: December 2014

Este ensaio consiste em uma reflexão teórica acerca do fazer da enfermeira no Sistema Local de Saúde (SILOS), permitindo compreender (ainda que provisoriamente) se o espaço que vem sendo ocupado pela mesma, na "porta de entrada" dos serviços de saúde, tem possibilitado uma construção ideológica de sua ação social, enquanto sujeito coletivo ou individual. Assim, procuramos nos pautar teoricamente no pensamento de Testa (1995) e apontamos o SILOS, enquanto um espaço social de transformação do Sistema de Saúde. Discutimos também, as relações vivenciadas no cotidiano da organização institucional, tentando entender o processo de produção de sujeitos sociais, focalizando a enfermeira nesta construção.
Alteração da saturação de oxigênio durante aspiração endotraqueal no cliente¹
Authors: Saleh Carmen Mohamad Rida , Yokomizo Marlene Setsuko
Published: December 2014

O propósito do estudo foi verificar se há ou não variação da saturação de oxigênio, durante a aspiração endotraqueal, em pacientes adultos, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 17 a 70 anos, portadores de afecções neurológicas, neurocirúrgicas e abdominais, excluídos os portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Foram utilizadas sondas de aspiração endotraqueais de calibre 12,14 e 16, nas quais foram observadas discretas variações na saturação de O2. Em termos de adequação do uso da melhor sonda, considerou-se as sondas de calibre 12 e 14 como de melhor manuseio para o profissional, na técnica de aspiração, e que proporcionam certo conforto ao paciente.
Caracterizando a atividade do pesquisar na época de sua introdução: segundo depoimentos de enfermeiras
Authors: Ricci Waleska Zafred
Published: December 2014

O interesse em desenvolver este trabalho surgiu a partir de trabalho anterior (Ricci, 1994) que versou sobre o significado da pesquisa científica para alunos dos Cursos de Farmácia e Enfermagem. Após a conclusão deste houve a necessidade de conhecer a evolução histórica da pesquisa científica destacando a época e fatores predisponentes ao seu desenvolvimento. Tem-se como objetivo reconstituir a evolução histórica da pesquisa em enfermagem, buscando em que momento houve seu desenvolvimento na profissão, e identificar os reflexos da introdução da pesquisa no ensino e assistência na opinião de enfermeiras docentes. Para realizar a coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista semi-estruturada. A população deste estudo foi composta por enfermeiras docentes que vivenciaram a época de 60/70. A princípio obteve-se uma lista com o nome de nove enfermeiras, mas, de acordo com o referencial teórico, no decorrer das entrevistas foram de saturando os dados obtidos e a amostra final constou de 4 enfermeiras. Apresenta-se a definição dos temas gerados a partir da análise dos depoimentos das enfermeiras. A análise realizada possibilitou a descoberta de dois temas: INICIANDO A PESQUISAR, TENDO NECESSIDADE DE SE ATUALIZAR. Os dados revelaram as dificuldades que as enfermeiras-docentes vivenciaram na época coincidente da introdução da pesquisa e da pós-graduação. Observamos que as colocações apresentadas por aquelas enfermeiras são as mesmas colocadas hoje pelas enfermeiras assistenciais que desejam realizar investigação (Cassiani, 1994). Entretanto a diferença fundamental está no fato de que para as docentes houve exigência e para as assistenciais parte-se de uma necessidade interna que nem sempre encontra apoio e estímulo do serviço.
Enfermagem, um serviço de qualidade? O paciente responde
Authors: Rocha Joceli P. S. da , Borges Juciqueli B. L , Inácio kátia Lopes , Barcella Raquel Cristine
Published: December 2014

Sendo a qualidade uma preocupação atual em vários setores produtivos, buscamos estudá-la no âmbito do serviço de enfermagem, considerando o ponto de vista do paciente. Para isso, foi elaborado um questionário que foi respondido por 45 pacientes internados no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). Ficou demonstrado que na maior parte das vezes o serviço de enfermagem é considerado satisfatório, embora existam críticas por parte dos clientes e melhorias a serem instituídas.
Definição operacional da qualidade da assistência de enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um Hospital-Escola
Authors: Dreyer Elisabeth
Published: December 2014

A finalidade deste estudo foi a elaboração de normas e critérios válidos de qualidade da assistência de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), com base na estratégia de avaliação de Donabedian. 18 normas e 219 critérios foram redigidos por um grupo de enfermeiras assistenciais da UTI de um hospital-escola, seguindo um protocolo estabelecido. Ato. contínuo, foram avaliados por quatorze enfermeiras experts em JJTI de outros cinco centros paulistas, através de um questionário escrito. Os resultados evidenciaram uma boa aceitação dos critérios, sendo que somente um foi rejeitado. Isso mostrou que as enfermeiras da UTI e as experts dos diversos centros implicados têm concepções semelhantes da qualidade da assistência de enfermagem em UTI. A definição operacional obtida constitui uma base para um instrumento de medida da qualidade. A participação das enfermeiras assistências a todo o processo é recomendada.
Competências profissionais e modernidade organizacional: coerência ou contradição?
Authors: Kilimnik Zélia Miranda , Sant'anna Anderson de Souza , Luz Talita Ribeiro da
Published: December 2014

Este artigo investiga, por meio de estudo de campo envolvendo a aplicação de 220 questionários, a percepção de pós-graduandos e pós-graduados em telecomunicações, acerca da demanda por competências profissionais e do grau de modernidade das políticas de gestão das organizações em que atuam. Como referencial teórico, fez-se uso da abordagem de modernidade organizacional (Eboli, 1996), assim como de revisão de abordagens sobre competência, realizada por Sant'anna (2002). Quanto aos resultados, encontrou-se um elevado grau de demanda pelo conjunto das competências avaliadas, que, entretanto, apresentou uma fraca correlação com o grau de modernidade organizacional percebido, cujos escores revelaram-se mais baixos, indicando que a exigência por profissionais dotados de competências cada vez mais abrangentes não tem sido acompanhada por uma modernidade de políticas e práticas organizacionais.
A remuneração flexível comocomponente da gestão de salários
Authors: Martins Sérgio Silveira , Veriano Carlos Evangelista
Published: December 2014

Apontada por diversos autores como uma das alternativas para os problemas da gestão tradicional de salários, a participação nos lucros e/ou resultados (PLR) pode ser vista como a principal forma de remuneração flexível no país. De acordo com essa perspectiva, o presente trabalho analisa os programas de PLR definidos pelos programas e acordos coletivos arquivados nas entidades sindicais dos trabalhadores metalúrgicos da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, mais especificamente na área de atuação do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Metalúrgicos de Betim. Ao analisar esses acordos, nota-se que é possível identificar alguns pontos convergentes por meio da identificação das características mais adotadas nesses acordos, tais como a participação nos resultados, a vigência de um ano, o pagamento efetuado em duas parcelas, o critério de pagamento (abono/prêmio fixo e proporcionalidade ao salário) e a existência de metas estratégicas e disciplinadoras.
Interfaces das mudanças hospitalaresna ótica da enfermeira-gerente
Authors: Brito Maria José Menezes , Melo Marlene Catarina de Oliveira Lopes , Monteiro Plínio Rafael Reis , Costa Janaína Oliveira
Published: December 2014

O atual contexto de transformação e instabilidade social e econômica implica profundas reestruturações nos hospitais. Tendo em vista as mudanças observadas nessas organizações e a ocupação de cargos gerenciais por enfermeiras, este estudo de natureza qualitativa buscou: caracterizar as principais mudanças em hospitais privados de médio e grande porte de Belo Horizonte; identificar os determinantes internos e externos à organização que influenciam os modelos de gestão; e conhecer os principais fatores que interferem no cotidiano das gerentes. Foram estudados 19 hospitais e entrevistadas 29 enfermeiras em cargos gerenciais. Os resultados indicam mudanças estruturais, estratégicas, culturais, tecnológicas, humanas e políticas. Os modos de gestão foram influenciados pela dinâmica organizacional, pela formação profissional das gerentes e pelas especificidades da função gerencial. O Sistema Único de Saúde foi apontado como o principal fator externo que interfere na organização. O cotidiano das gerentes foi influenciado por fatores organizacionais e fatores profissionais.
Una valigia caduta in mare: Jaume Serra Hunter e la "Scuola di Barcellona"
Authors: Fioraso Nazzareno
Published: December 2014

Nella storiografia filosofica spagnola non esiste, probabilmente, una definizione ambigua e problematica come quella che riguarda la cosiddetta "Scuola di Barcellona". La tesi principale di questo articolo è che tale scuola non giunse mai a nascere, ma ne esistette soltanto una forma embrionale che non poté maturare perché, in conseguenza della situazione politica venutasi a creare con la guerra civile (1936-1939), i suoi componenti si dispersero nell'esilio. Ciò nonostante, è possibile riconoscere alcuni tratti comuni, seppur labili e (forse) non sostanziali, nella diaspora degli intellettuali catalani che rendono possibile definirla, con le dovute cautele, "Scuola di Barcellona". Tali caratteristiche comuni si possono far risalire a colui che, in un certo senso, fu il fondatore della scuola, essendo il principale maestro delle nuove leve filosofiche della Catalogna all'inizio del XX secolo: Jaume Serra Hunter.
Study of cement pastes rheological behavior using dynamic shear rheometer
Authors: Teixeira J. E. S. L. , Sato V. Y. , Azolin L. G. , Tristão F. A. , Vieira G. L. , Calmon J. L.
Published: December 2014

Concrete, in its fresh state, has flow characteristics that are crucial to its proper launch and densification. These characteristics are usually measured through empirical testing as the slump test, but this test does not quantify completely the material behavior. Since this material is characterized as a Bingham fluid, it is essential the study of its rheological behavior to verify its properties even in fresh state. The use of classical rheology has been employed by the scientific community to obtain rheological parameters determinants to characterize this material, such as yield stress, plastic viscosity and evolution of shear stress to shear rate. Thus, this present study aims to determine the rheological behavior of different cement pastes produced with cement CP III 40 RS, varying between them the hydration periods (20 and 60 min), the water-cement ratio (0.40, 0.45 and 0.50) and the use or not of additive. Samples were assayed by flow test to determine the rheological parameters showing the effect of the variables mentioned above in these parameters.
Federalism and bioethics: Women's health and the regulation of oocyte donation
Authors: Von Hagel Alisa
Published: December 2014

The absence of comprehensive federal oversight of human biotechnologies in the United States continues to stimulate academic discourse on the relative merits of European-style regulatory agencies as compared to the current, decentralized approach. Many American bioethicists support the latter, maintaining that the key features of federalism—policy experimentation and moral pluralism—allows for the efficient regulation of these complex and contentious issues. This paper examines state-level regulation of oocyte donation to assess claims regarding the superiority of this decentralized regulatory approach. Further, this paper introduces an additional element to this examination of state law, which concerns the degree to which the health and safety of key participants is addressed at the state level. This inquiry assesses one facet of fertility medicine and biomedical research law, oocyte donation, an analysis that can be used to inform the broader discourse regarding the regulation of human biotechnologies and bioethical issues by the states.
Formulation and Quality Evaluation of Extruded Product From Composite Blend of Maize, Sorghum and Ricebean
Authors: Lamichhane Bandana , Ojha Pravin , Paudyal Bhupendra
Published: December 2014

This research work was based on formulation of cereal based extruded product utilizing the underutilized grains of Nepal i.e. sorghum (white variety) and ricebean (yellow variety). The formulation having 76% maize, 15% sorghum and 9% ricebean was found best through sensory analysis. While further variation in grit particle size ranging from 550 μm to 1190 μm, the product formulated with average particle size of 1090 μm was found to have best. The optimum grit size was selected by sensory analysis, chemical analysis and physico-chemical analysis. The expansion value for product of 1090 μm grit size was maximum 3.88±0.36, and minimum value 3.02±0.14 for smaller particle size 550 μm. The density was minimum, 80.46±12.72 kg/m3 for product of 1090 μm grit size and maximum, 175.33±11.89 kg/m3 for product of 550 μm grit size. The soluble fiber, β-glucan, WAI (water absorption index) and WSI (water soluble index) were found to be 6.52±0.61 % (db), 9.77±0.52 and 21.48±0.82 respectively for final product of grit size 1090 μm. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11748 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (40-45), 2013
Development and quality assessment of functional probiotic yoghurt drink from sweet cream buttermilk
Authors: Chapagain Kshiteej , Karki Tika Bahadur , Ojha Pravin
Published: December 2014

A new functional yoghurt drink consisting of banana and honey was developed from Sweet Cream Buttermilk (SCBM)and its physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics were assessed with respect to plain and skim milk yoghurt drinks. Storage stability of drinks prepared by using standard probiotic culture of lactobacillus acidophilus (La5) was determined in terms of acidity, strain viability and consumer acceptability of final products. In corporation of banana and honey decreased post acidification and increased the carbohydrate (13.15-13.37%), proteins (2.23-2.25%) and ash content (0.53%). It was observed that the total solid content was increased from 5.72±0.17 % in plain yoghurt drink (PYD) to 16.39±0.07% in skim milk based drink (SYD) and 16.38±0.04% in buttermilk based drink (BYD). Greater count of probiotic cells was observed in Buttermilk based yoghurt drink (5.9*108 CFU/ml) than in Skim milk based yoghurt drink (1.4*108 CFU/ml) at the end of 30 days of refrigerated storage. Fifty percent of the consumer preferred refrigerated Buttermilk based yoghurt drink for 27 days. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11750   J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (52-59), 2013
Sulfonamides and Penicillin Residue in Market Milk
Authors: Thapaliya Manish , Karki Tika B. , Sedai Damodar
Published: December 2014

The present study was conducted at laboratory of Veterinary Standards and Drug Administration Office, Tripureshwor, Kathmandu in the month of October to December 2007 with aim of determining the prevalence and level of sulfonamide and penicillin residue semi-quantitatively in market milk samples from Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur and Kavrepalanchowk districts. All the samples were processed using standard procedure given in the protocol of the rapid residue test kit provided by the Division of Food, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. The prevalence of antibiotic residue was found to be 17.3% (n=26) of the total of 150 samples collected. Out of the total samples 12% (n=18) were found to contain penicillin residue and 5.3% (n=8) were found to contain sulfonamide residue. Sulfonamide residue was detected in the range of 0-1 ppb in 6 samples and 2-4 ppb in 2 samples. Similarly, penicillin residue was found in the range of 0-1 ppb in 14 of the samples and 2-4 pbb in 4 samples. The residues level detected were below their MRLs as set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The occurrence of the antibiotic residue in the tested milk samples was compared whether it differs from district to district. Statistically, there was no significant difference on the occurrence of the antibiotic residue in the tested milk from district to district. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11751 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (60-64), 2013
Contamination of Street Food by Salmonella in Chittagong City
Authors: Khan M. S. I. , Haque M. R. , Jhorna D. E. , Begum M. R.
Published: December 2014

The study was conducted to determine the contamination of Salmonella for different types of street foods in different places of Chittagong city area. A total of 76 shops from where 120 food samples of ten types were collected. Microbiological examination of Salmonella was done after dividing the foods into two categories of dry and wet foods where overall about 28% samples were positive. In case of wet food, salad shows the highest contamination of 58% flowed by water, chicken raw meat and raw milk makes up 50%, 42% and 33% respectively. For wet food, vegetable role and egg chop show the same 25% contamination where kabab and beef stick were not contaminated. A chi-square (χ2) test was used to examine the equality of observed proportions for each item of food where significant difference among the observed proportion for Salmonella (Chi-square = 82.67; p-value<0.01) for different items of food were observed and an odds ratio (OR) was measured of association between an exposure and an outcome where the probability of contamination of Salmonella in dry food was lower than wet food (OR=0.17 and CI: 0.07 to 0.44). The comparatively high bacteria in wet samples indicated contamination from water, practice of inadequate hygienic measures, mishandling, improper storage, inadequate cooking and above all unhygienic condition of the retail shops. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11758 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (81-83), 2013
Effectiveness of Ondansetron versus Metoclopramide in Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: Chhetry M , Thakur A , Basnet P , Joshi R , Sangraula H , Majhi S , Uprety D K
Published: December 2014

Aims: The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous ondansetron as compared to intravenous metoclopramide in hyperemesis gravidarum. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with hyperemesis gravidarum were randomized to receive either intravenous ondansetron or intravenous metoclopramide according to randomization group, till they started tolerating orally along with supportive therapy and various treatment parameters were compared. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the number of doses of intravenous medication used (three doses of ondansetron vs four doses of metoclopramide; p value 0.77), weight changes (ondansetron - 0 kg vs. metoclopramide – 1 kg; p value 0.11) during treatment, duration of intravenous fluids (ondansetron – 24 hours vs. metoclopramide- 24 hours; p value 0.48) in the two groups. The duration of hospital stay of the patients in the two groups was comparable (ondansetron - 3 days vs. metoclopramide - 3 days; p value 0.83).Conclusions: Metoclopramide and ondansetron appear to be equally effective to treat hyperemesis gravidarum. Although this was a prospective randomized controlled study, it had a small sample size and the results should be confirmed in a larger and powered study.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11753
Obstetric Hysterectomy and Maternal Survival
Authors: Baral J , Gurung G , Rana A , Manandhar B , Manandhar R , Sharma J
Published: December 2014

Aims: This study was done to analyze the cases of obstetric hysterectomy and maternal complications and survival after that. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from the review of records   of the near miss, maternal mortality, cesarean audit and operation theater record of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu from 2057-2071 BS. Results: Fourteen maternal survival resulted following total of 19 obstetric hysterectomy, subtotal hysterectomy being the procedure of choice in 11 cases, emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) being performed in abundance (18/19) in comparison to an elective peripartum hysterectomy, which was undertaken in a single case of placenta percreta, and inclusive of latter were four cases of morbid placental adhesion, a placenta increta and two placenta accreta. Eight out of 19 cases had vaginal delivery and rest had cesarean section. Among seven cases of cesarean hysterectomy 3 were done for placenta previa with accreta one case each done for abruptio placentae  and placenta accreta and two cases were done for extra placental causes. Among four cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomy (EPH), which were relaparotomy followed by hysterectomy, three cases were done for complication of cesarean section and one done for uterine atonicity. Four cases of spontaneous vaginal deliveries needed peripartum hysterectomy two of them were complicated by morbid placental adhesion placenta increta (1), placental percreta (1), two cases were vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Seven cases of uterine rupture had undergone peripartum hysterectomy.   Conclusions: Obstetric hysterectomy is a lifesaving surgical procedure for maternal survival whenever necessary and mandates a quick decision making process, however in consideration of younger age and low parity or nulliparity, the best obstetric governance and services must foresee not to let mothers meet such situation necessitating organ removal and to enjoy potential reproductive life cycle.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11759
Analysis of Obstetric Near Miss Cases of Different Health Facilities of Electoral Constituency Two of Arghakhanchi District
Authors: Manandhar S R , Manandhar D S , Adhikari D , Shrestha J R , Rai C , Rana H , Paudel M
Published: December 2014

Aims: This study was done to identify and analyze obstetric near miss cases at health facilities of electoral constituency number 2 (EC 2) of Arghakhanchi district, Nepal. Methods: After receiving one day training on identifying obstetric near miss cases, health facility staff of EC 2 of Arghakhanchi district filled up WHO derived obstetric near miss forms for eight months duration. Causes of obstetric near miss cases were identified and analyzed in SPSS 16. Results: There were 31 obstetric near miss cases reported from different health facilities of EC 2 of Arghakhanchi. The commonest cause of obstetric near miss was Post-partum Hemorrhage (85%, n=26) followed by obstructed labor and ante partum hemorrhage (6%, n= 2) each. The leading cause of PPH was retained placenta/placental tissue in 55% cases (14) followed by atonic uterus (27%, n= 7). Two fifth of the mothers (39%, n=12) developed complication during labor. The most common complication developed after labor was hemorrhage. Conclusions: This study highlighted PPH as the most common serious obstetric problem in the health facilities and indicates the need for provision of blood transfusion at the health facility at least at Arghakhanchi. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11760
Vault Haematoma after Vaginal Hysterectomy
Authors: Batish A , Sathiyathasan S , Jeyanthan K
Published: December 2014

Electronic searches of literature published between 1980 and 2014 were undertaken using MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL, and the Cochrane Database of Systemic reviews. Search items included:  haematoma, hysterectomy, morbidity, ultrasound. The incidence of vault hematomas varied from 25- 59 % in various studies. Small hematomas can be managed conservatively and large and infected hematomas need incision and drainage. However various studies found no correlation between the presence of a collection and indices of postoperative morbidity. Also routine scan was not indicated. The incidence of vault hematomas is due to inadequate haemostasis and refining the surgical technique significantly reduces the risk of vault hematomas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11768
Fetal Transcerebellar Diameter/ Abdominal Circumference Ratio as a Gestational Age Independent Parameter for Fetal Growth
Authors: Jha A , Joshi B , Pradhan S
Published: December 2014

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy of trans-cerebellar diameter / abdominal circumference (TCD/AC) ratio to assess fetal growth. The ratio of TCD with head circumference (HC) and biparietal diameter (BPD) was also determined. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study involving 442 women with uncomplicated singleton gestation between 15-40 weeks. Protocol included obtaining the BPD, HC, TCD and AC in conventional planes  and obtaining ratio of TCD with other biometric parameters.Results: We were able to visualize the cerebellum in about 93% of scans. The TCD/ AC ratio remained nearly constant throughout gestational age and was 0.138. The mean TCD/HC ratio was 0.124 and mean TCD/BPD ratio was 0.476.Conclusions: TCD/HC and TCD/BPD ratio showed a small increase towards the completion of gestation while TCD/AC ratio remained nearly constant throughout gestational age. TCD/AC ratio is reliable as a gestational age independent parameter of fetal growth.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11770
The Two-Component Model for Calculating Total Body Fat from Body Density: An Evaluation in Healthy Women before, during and after Pregnancy
Authors: Forsum Elisabet , Henriksson Pontus , Löf Marie
Published: December 2014

A possibility to assess body composition during pregnancy is often important. Estimating body density (DB) and use the two-component model (2CM) to calculate total body fat (TBF) represents an option. However, this approach has been insufficiently evaluated during pregnancy. We evaluated the 2CM, and estimated fat-free mass (FFM) density and variability in 17 healthy women before pregnancy, in gestational weeks 14 and 32, and 2 weeks postpartum based on DB (underwater weighing), total body water (deuterium dilution) and body weight, assessed on these four occasions. TBF, calculated using the 2CM and published FFM density (TBF2CM), was compared to reference estimates obtained using the three-component model (TBF3CM). TBF2CM minus TBF3CM (mean ± 2SD) was −1.63 ± 5.67 (p = 0.031), −1.39 ± 7.75 (p = 0.16), −0.38 ± 4.44 (p = 0.49) and −1.39 ± 5.22 (p = 0.043) % before pregnancy, in gestational weeks 14 and 32 and 2 weeks postpartum, respectively. The effect of pregnancy on the variability of FFM density was larger in gestational week 14 than in gestational week 32. The 2CM, based on DB and published FFM density, assessed body composition as accurately in gestational week 32 as in non-pregnant adults. Corresponding values in gestational week 14 were slightly less accurate than those obtained before pregnancy.
Architectural Insight into Inovirus-Associated Vectors (IAVs) and Development of IAV-Based Vaccines Inducing Humoral and Cellular Responses: Implications in HIV-1 Vaccines
Authors: Hassapis Kyriakos , Stylianou Dora , Kostrikis Leondios
Published: December 2014

Inovirus-associated vectors (IAVs) are engineered, non-lytic, filamentous bacteriophages that are assembled primarily from thousands of copies of the major coat protein gp8 and just five copies of each of the four minor coat proteins gp3, gp6, gp7 and gp9. Inovirus display studies have shown that the architecture of inoviruses makes all coat proteins of the inoviral particle accessible to the outside. This particular feature of IAVs allows foreign antigenic peptides to be displayed on the outer surface of the virion fused to its coat proteins and for more than two decades has been exploited in many applications including antibody or peptide display libraries, drug design, and vaccine development against infectious and non-infectious diseases. As vaccine carriers, IAVs have been shown to elicit both a cellular and humoral response against various pathogens through the display of antibody epitopes on their coat proteins. Despite their high immunogenicity, the goal of developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1 has not yet materialized. One possible limitation of previous efforts was the use of broadly neutralizing antibodies, which exhibited autoreactivity properties. In the past five years, however, new, more potent broadly neutralizing antibodies that do not exhibit autoreactivity properties have been isolated from HIV-1 infected individuals, suggesting that vaccination strategies aimed at producing such broadly neutralizing antibodies may confer protection against infection. The utilization of these new, broadly neutralizing antibodies in combination with the architectural traits of IAVs have driven the current developments in the design of an inovirus-based vaccine against HIV-1. This article reviews the applications of IAVs in vaccine development, with particular emphasis on the design of inoviral-based vaccines against HIV-1.
Le complexe d'Œdipe, cristallisateur du débat psychanalyse/anthropologie
Authors: Smadja Éric
Published: December 2014

Le complexe d’Œdipe, et la question de son universalité, a cristallisé un ensemble de méconnaissance, distorsions, escamotages, défiance et malentendus qu’ont pu exprimer les anthropologues à l’encontre de la psychanalyse, selon des modalités différentes, en fonction des écoles de pensée et des auteurs, dès le début de leur rencontre et encore jusqu’à présent. Aussi, la représentation du complexe d’Œdipe construite par les anthropologues pourrait s’affirmer comme paradigmatique de celle qu’ils ont pu élaborer au sujet de la psychanalyse. Nous proposons donc d’aborder les conditions historiques et épistémologiques d’instauration de ce débat conflictuel, puis de le développer suivant un fil chronologique depuis ses sources jusqu’aux années 1950-1960, tout en distinguant trois aires culturelles majeures : la Grande-Bretagne, les États-Unis d’Amérique et la France. Dans la suite, nous formulons quelques remarques et commentaires puis suggérons quelques hypothèses offrant quelque intelligibilité sur cette histoire conflictuelle.
L'espace, le temps, la réalité, la causalité… tout serait-il à repenser ?
Authors: Vidal Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2014

En quoi la physique des particules élémentaires concerne-t-elle la psychanalyse et singulièrement l’épistémologie psychanalytique, dès lors que le groupe entre dans son champ d’expérience clinique et de recherche ? Qu’est-ce qui légitime cette attention et fonde cette réflexion si on entend s’inscrire et se maintenir dans l’unité épistémique de la psychanalyse (celle de l’inconscient) ? Comment penser les corrélations ou conjonctions de subjectivités et par conséquent le contre-transfert comme « l’outil le plus précieux » et même « l’instrument de connaissance par excellence » dans la pratique analytique ? Qu’est-ce qui assure la légitimité et les conditions de son maniement ? Dire ou prétendre que quelque chose passe de l’inconscient de l’un à l’inconscient de l’autre nous contraint à nous poser la question de savoir : quelle est cette chose et comment s’effectuent ce passage ou ces échanges ? Comment rendre compte de l’ appareillage psychique groupal des subjectivités, des transmissions psychiques intragroupales, intergénérationnelles, voire transgénérationnelles… ? Quelles hypothèses peut-on faire sur la nature de la psyché pour que cela même dont nous faisons l’inévitable constat (dans la clinique) soit théoriquement concevable ? La physique quantique qui établit l’existence d’une dimension non physique dans la matière et remet en cause notre conception de la réalité, de l’ espace , du temps , de la causalité revient en effet à détruire les bases les plus solides de la physique traditionnelle, de la science en général et même de l’entendement humain. Elle nous introduit dans un monde qui n’obéit pas aux lois de la physique classique.
L'actualité des processus dans le psychodrame psychanalytique de groupe
Authors: Duez Bernard , Duez Christiane
Published: December 2014

Les auteurs montrent que le cadre est un lien discret, un processus immobile en potentialité. Après une comparaison entre la configuration du cadre dans le dispositif de la cure et la configuration du cadre dans le psychodrame psychanalytique de groupe, ils s’étayent sur trois vignettes cliniques prises dans des situations institutionnelles différentes : un psychodrame pour préadolescents dans une consultation de pédopsychiatrie, un psychodrame auprès d’adolescentes délinquantes dans un foyer de semi-liberté, un psychodrame de formation à la conduite du psychodrame psychanalytique de groupe. À partir de ces exemples, ils montrent comment la coprésence de plusieurs participants, de multiples formes de figuration confère à ce dispositif une figurabilité spécifique qui, plus que le dispositif de la cure, fait apparaître le lien dynamique entre cadre, dispositif, et figurabilité. Ce dispositif favorise la mise en travail du transfert sur le lien. Ils soulignent en conclusion les implications dans la conduite de l’interprétation.