bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subversion of selective autophagy for the biogenesis of tombusvirus replication organelles inhibits autophagy
Authors: Kang Yuanrong , Lin Wenwu , Nagy Peter D.
Published: March 2024

Elaborate viral replication organelles (VROs) are formed to support positive-strand RNA virus replication in infected cells. VRO formation requires subversion of intracellular membranes by viral replication proteins. Here, we showed that the key ATG8f autophagy protein and NBR1 selective autophagy receptor were co-opted by Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and the closely-related carnation Italian ringspot virus. Knockdown of ATG8f or NBR1 in plants led to reduced tombusvirus replication, suggesting pro-viral function for selective autophagy. BiFC and proximity-labeling experiments showed that the TBSV p33 replication protein interacted with ATG8f and NBR1 to recruit them to VROs. In addition, we observed that several core autophagy proteins, such as ATG1a, ATG4, ATG5, ATG101 and the plant-specific SH3P2 autophagy adaptor proteins were also re-localized to TBSV VROs, suggesting that TBSV hijacks the autophagy machinery in plant cells. We demonstrated that subversion of autophagy components facilitated the recruitment of VPS34 PI3 kinase and enrichment of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine and PI3P phosphoinositide in the VRO membranes. Hijacking of autophagy components into TBSV VROs led to inhibition of autophagic flux. We also found that a fraction of the subverted ATG8f and NBR1 was sequestered in biomolecular condensates associated with VROs. We propose that the VRO-associated condensates trap those autophagy proteins, taking them away from the autophagy pathway. Overall, tombusviruses hijack selective autophagy to provide phospholipid-rich membranes for replication and to regulate the antiviral autophagic flux.
Critical intersections in popular culture
Authors: Piatti-Farnell Lorna , Prosser Ashleigh , Peaty Gwyneth
Published: March 2024

In this editorial, the editors introduce the 12.2 volume of The Australasian Journal of Popular Culture. The dynamic and interdisciplinary nature of the field is discussed with reference to the collection of articles within the volume, highlighting the malleability of popular culture in all its transdisciplinary forms. The editors provide a summary of the seven articles included in the volume, which collectively represent diverse critical discussions of the field across sociopolitical, socioeconomic and sociocultural artistic realms. The articles examine the evolving realms of the monstrous, the mythic, the heroic and the historical through various mediums like television, film, characters and historical moments. The editors then conclude by offering a summary of the three book reviews included in the volume.
Virtually identical: The digital zombi(e/i) in Isa Mazzei’s Cam (2018)
Authors: Gilmore Lauren , Rosler Daniel
Published: March 2024

Perhaps due to its relatively recent release, Cam has suffered a significant lack of scholarly attention. Critical and popular reception has focused on the film as a meditation on the darker sides of the internet, adopting a realist paradigm in which the doppelgangers infecting online sex workers are deepfakes and the product of virtual surveillance. In this study, we propose that the post-cinematic ethos of the film both invites and defies a clear interpretive framework for naming the anxieties it highlights. Identification of the monstrous, moreover, is invariably aligned with particular, historically implicated epistemological structures. Ultimately, we propose zombieism, particularly Lauro and Embry’s posthuman zombii as a productive lens through which to recalibrate our indexing of the labouring, digital (un)dead.
The Bondi Mermaids, Lyall Randolph and Bondi Beach 1960–2023
Authors: Brien Donna Lee
Published: March 2024

This article focuses on two aspects of popular culture. Principally, the article presents a history of a popular sculpture erected at Australia’s Bondi Beach in 1960. The narrative follows the genesis of the work, its removal, and subsequent attempts to restore the sculpture at different locations on Bondi Beach and in the adjacent Bondi Park. Based on archival research and material from the popular press, the article offers the first thorough account of the sculpture, highlighting debates around its form, its popularity with local residents, the often-overlooked significance of the work as a tourist attraction, and decades-long efforts to restore the work. Secondly, the article identifies the sculpture’s creator, Lyall Randolph, as an artist who enjoyed popular appeal in Australia at this time, despite never reaching the status of an ‘elite’ artist. Investigating the place of a popular artwork in the cultural and social history of Australia’s most iconic beach, the article contributes to both Bondi and Sydney’s eastern suburbs’ local history and knowledge about popular Australian artists.
Técnicas constructivas y otros usos del barro en la Edad del Hierro: El Turó de la Font de la Canya (Avinyonet del Penedès, Barcelona)
Authors: Pastor Quiles María , Belarte Maria Carme , Morer Jordi , López Reyes Dani
Published: March 2024

En este artículo presentamos los resultados del estudio de los elementos de tierra endurecida recuperados en el asentamiento de Turó de la Font de la Canya, situado en Avinyonet del Penedès, en la provincia de Barcelona. En este enclave se ha registrado una ocupación entre los ss. VII y II a. C., con distintas edificaciones y numerosas estructuras negativas. Esta investigación ha permitido sacar a la luz el empleo constructivo de diferentes materiales y técnicas centradas en el uso de la tierra, que convivieron en las edificaciones del asentamiento, desde las llamadas técnicas mixtas, al adobe. Además, el uso del barro se registra también en la manufactura de bienes no constructivos, como los elementos muebles. El estudio de este tipo de materiales revela la notable variabilidad por la que suelen caracterizarse, contando con un enorme interés para la investigación. También los desafíos en su interpretación, especialmente acusados para los procedentes de deposiciones secundarias, como en el caso que aquí se presenta.
A COVID-19 és az orosz-ukrán konfliktus hatása a vizsgált szervezetekre
Authors: Kőmüves Zsolt , Walter Virág , Szabó-Szentgróti Gábor , Dajnoki Krisztina , Kálmán Botond , Tóth Arnold , Módosné Szalai Szilvia , Poór József , Pató Gáborné Szűcs Beáta
Published: March 2024

Az elmúlt három évben a világ működése annyit változott, mint a megelőző évtizedekben összesen. A piaci folyamatok, rendszerek megváltozását egyértelműen két meghatározó jelenség irányította: a COVID-19 okozta pandémiás válság és az orosz-ukrán konfliktus. E két világesemény alapvető normákat változtatott meg, amelyek hatására a szervezeteknek stratégiát kellett váltaniuk. Jogosan vetődik fel tehát a kérdés: mit terveznek valójában a vizsgált szervezetek? Hogyan látják a válságot? Mi befolyásolja a reakciókat? A tanulmány célja annak bemutatása, hogy a két válság kezdeti szakaszában, miként gondolkodtak a szervezetek, képesek voltak-e felmérni a várható hatásokat, megtudták-e tervezni a megfelelő intézkedéseket? A szerzők empirikus kutatásának eredményei alapján a mikrovállalkozások pesszimizmusukat hajlamosak az egész gazdaságra kivetíteni. Megállapították, hogy szolgáltatásaik kevésbé függenek az ellátási láncok sérülésmentességétől. Továbbá a háború által kiváltott különböző intézkedéseik összefüggésben voltak a korábbi külkapcsolataikkal.
A Minority of Childhood Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction Persist Into Adulthood: A Risk-Factor Analysis
Authors: Jones Michael P. , Koloski Natasha A. , Walker Marjorie M. , Holtmann Gerald J. , Shah Ayesha , Eslick Guy D. , Talley Nicholas J.
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) may originate in childhood. There are currently limited data on persistence of DGBI into adulthood and risk factors for persistence. Furthermore, there are no data on this question from general practice, where the majority of DGBIs are diagnosed and managed. This study documents the proportion of childhood-diagnosed DGBIs that persisted into adulthood and what factors were associated with persistence.

METHODS:

General practice records were obtained for more than 60,000 patients whose medical record spanned both childhood and adulthood years. Patients with diagnosed organic gastrointestinal disorder were excluded. Medical records were also interrogated for potential risk factors.

RESULTS:

Eleven percent of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 20% of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) diagnosed in childhood had repeat diagnoses of the same condition in adulthood. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.02) was associated with persistence for IBS, while a childhood diagnosis of gastritis (OR 0.46) was risk-protective. Childhood non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (OR 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.56) was a risk factor for persistence in IBS. For FD, a childhood diagnosis of asthma (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.00–1.70) was a risk factor, as was anxiety for both IBS (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.00–1.54) and FD (OR 1.48 95% CI 1.11–1.97) with a similar finding for depression for IBS (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11–1.62) and FD (OR 1.88 95% CI 1.47–2.42).

DISCUSSION:

Childhood DGBIs persist into adulthood in 10%–20% of patients, suggesting that management monitoring should continue into adulthood. Those diagnosed with anxiety or mood disorders in childhood should receive particular attention, and prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children should be made judiciously.
Non-Hispanic Black Persons With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Have Lower Rates of Advanced Fibrosis, Cirrhosis, and Liver-Related Events Even After Controlling for Clinical Risk Factors and PNPLA3 Genotype
Authors: Samala Niharika , Xin Yuchen , Wilson Laura A. , Yates Katherine , Loomba Rohit , Hoofnagle Jay H. , Chalasani Naga ,   for the NASH Clinical Research Network
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is less frequent in non-Hispanic persons (NHB), but there are knowledge gaps in our understanding of disease severity and outcomes of NAFLD in NHB. We compared liver histology and clinical outcomes of NAFLD in non-Hispanic Black persons (NHB) and non-Hispanic White persons (NHW).

METHODS:

We compared liver histology and outcomes of 109 NHB and 1,910 NHW adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD participating in the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network observational studies. The relationship between self-reported NHB race/ethnicity and advanced fibrosis was assessed through multivariable logistic regression after controlling for clinical covariates and PNPLA3 genotype.

RESULTS:

NHB and NHW with NAFLD had similar NAFLD activity scores (NAS, 4.4 vs 4.3, P = 0.87) and proportions with definite metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (59% vs 58%, P = 1.0), but NHB had significantly lower rates of advanced fibrosis (22% vs 34%, P = 0.01) or cirrhosis (4.6% vs 12.1%, P = 0.010). Compared with NHW, NHB had significantly lower frequency of advanced fibrosis (Odds Ratio: 0.48, 95% Confidence Interval: 27–0.86, P = 0.01). In a comparison between 24 NHB and 655 NHW with advanced fibrosis, the NAS (5.6 vs 4.9, P = 0.01) and lobular inflammation grade (2.2 vs 1.7, P < 0.002) were significantly higher among NHB with advanced fibrosis. One NHB and 23 NHW died during follow-up (0.30 vs 0.28 per 100 person-year follow-up). Seven and zero liver-related deaths occurred in NHW and NHB with NAFLD, respectively.

DISCUSSION:

The risk of advanced fibrosis in NHB with NAFLD is significantly lower, after controlling for clinical risk factors and PNPLA3 genotype. Although their risk of advanced fibrosis was low, NHB with NAFLD and advanced fibrosis had higher NAS and lobular inflammation, indicating a difference in their relationship between necroinflammation and fibrosis.
Effectiveness of Tofacitinib in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Nationwide Veterans Administration Cohort Study
Authors: Khan Nabeel , Sundararajan Ramaswamy , Patel Manthankumar , Trivedi Chinmay , Yang Yu-Xiao
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION:

There is paucity of data on the effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib among elderly patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

METHODS:

Through a retrospective cohort study among the US National Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, we evaluated effectiveness among the elderly (≥65) and young (<65) patients with UC initiated on tofacitinib.

RESULTS:

Among 158 patients (53 elderly, 105 young), effectiveness at 12 months was 50.94% in the elderly and 33.33% in the young (P = 0.032).

DISCUSSION:

In a nationwide cohort of patients with UC initiating tofacitinib, effectiveness was seen in half of the elderly patients.
Analisis Total Padatan Tersuspensi (TSS) dan Nitrat (NO3-N), serta Penentuan Indeks Pencemaran di Perairan Pantai Rebo, Kabupaten Bangka
Authors: Aprilianti Wadiya , Yusuf Muh. , Wulandari Sri Yulina
Published: March 2024

Kegiatan penambangan timah inkonvensional (TI) di perairan Pantai Rebo, Kabupaten Bangka menyebabkan tingginya Total Padatan Tersuspensi (TSS) dan juga diperkirakan mempengaruhi kandungan unsur hara nitrat di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi TSS dan kandungan nitrat (NO3-N), tingkat hubungan antar kedua parameter tersebut serta indeks pencemaran (IP). Sampel diambil dengan metode purposive sampling  dengan memperhatikan lokasi dekat dan jauh dari area kegiatan penambangan. Uji konsentrasi TSS dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri dan uji konsentrasi nitrat dilakukan dengan metode reduksi kadmium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan TSS berada pada kisaran 22,30 - 45,50 mg/L, sementara konsentrasi nitrat berada pada kisaran 0,046 - 0,144 mg/L. Semakin jauh dari sumber pencemaran, nilai TSS cenderung relatif rendah, sedangkan kandungan konsentrasi nitrat cenderung mengikuti penyebaran konsentrasi TSS. Hasil hitung IP dikategorikan sebagai tercemar sedang. Nilai R2 mengindikasikan pengaruh TSS secara simultan terhadap nitrat sebesar 52,22%. Sementara koefisien korelasi (r) dengan nilai 0,7226 mengindikasikan hubungan antar kedua parameter tersebut kuat.
Důsledky rozdělení Československa na život obyvatelstva moravsko-slovenského pomezí
Authors: Rychlíková Magdalena
Published: March 2024

In 1992 the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic was divided on the basis of an agreement of political representations into two, quite independent states - the Czech Republic and Slovakia - with the validity on January 1, 1993. Due to this, the internal, regional bounds at the Slovak-Moravian border region become a state border. When the division of Czechoslovakia was being prepared, the population along both sides of the Moravian-Slovak border was persuaded that the new situation will not affect its day-to-day life, evidently on political grounds and in order to calm it down. However, the first period after the emergence of the new nations showed that it was not so. Problems arose in railway and bus traffic, postal service, financial questions (the separation of currency systems), bilateral employment, education, the health care system and the question of state citizenship. It appeared that the original political intention that the division will not, if possible, affect the population, was not fulfilled. Administrative, economic and communication obstacles have caused the two population groups to drift apart.
Robert Ehrmann: Strakoničtí souvěrci, Ze života Židů na malém městě.
Authors: Soukupová Blanka
Published: March 2024

A review of the book by Robert Ehrmann.
,,Mystika" a „magie"
Authors: Horský Jan
Published: March 2024

This report ls devoted both to the use of the term " mysticism" in the Czech historiography of the "Goll school" and the diffilculties encountered when applying social and cultural, and anthropological classification in historic work. Czech historians such as Vlastimil Kybal used the term "mysticism" in a meaning which is closer to the term "witchcraft" as used in sociological literature by Max Weber and current cultural anthropology. Kybal meant with "mysticism" associ­ation wilh God, incarnation in it, bul mediated through an act of sacrament and the subject matter of sacrament. This use differs from the work with the term "mysticism" as used, e.g., by Ernst Troeltsch. Vlastimil Kybal speaks about " mysticism" especially in connection wilh the demand of the frequent lay communion of altar sacrament as advocated by Jan Milíc z Kromeríze and Matej z Janova. The theme of frequent acceptation of altar sacrament is also a telling example of a diversity of cultural situations. lt enables, in fact, various "readings." There is, e. g., an interpretation stressing the "magic"  features of frequent lay acceptation of altar sacrament (incarnation into Christ, mediated by sensually perceived entity). This interpretation may be supported by the findings of František Šmahel about popular culture in thc pre-Hussite era. At the same time, the demand of frequent lay sacrament can be interpreted in relation to its "ethical" importance (stress on the sacrament only being accepted by a man purged from sins and given by a "moral" priest). This interpretation is in keeping with an older way of reviewlng the importance of the Hussitism.
Jazyk a školstvo národnostných menšin na Slovensku a v krajinách strednej Európy v 2. polovici 20. storočia
Authors: Nosková Helena
Published: March 2024

Někteří z účastníků konference se za necelé tři týdny setkali na mezinárodní konferenci, kterou pořádal Spoločenskovedný ústav SAV v Košicích. Pořádal ji nikoliv v Košicích, ale za přispění Nadace Friedricha Eberta ve středisku SAV ve Staré Lesné ve Vysokých Tatrách. Konference se konala ve dnech 28. - 30. 10. 1999 pod názvem Jazyk a školstvo národnostných menšín na Slovensku a v krajinách strednej Európy v 2. polovici 20. storočia. Účastnili se jí vědečtí pracovníci, představitelé státní a obecní správy z Rakouska, Maďarska, Ukrajiny, Běloruska, České republiky a Slovenské republiky. Tématem konference bylo národnostní školství národnostních menšin a jejich vzdělávání v mateřském jazyce. Nejspontánnější jednání se týkalo Romů, romštiny a vzdělávání v tomto jazyce. Úvodní referát Mileny Hilbschmanové z Indologického ústavu FF UK v Praze Inspirace pro jazykovou politiku ve vztahu k romštině poukázal na nové srovnávací metody v přístupu k jazyku menšin. Přítomní se dozvěděli o následcích tzv. kolonializovaného vědomí zasahujících vývoj jazyka některých menšin, mohli se seznámit s obdobnými problémy, které postihují s ohledem na vývin mateřského jazyka i další menšiny, např. Laponce. M. Hubschmanová stručně nastínila možnosti, které by mohly vést k rychlému vyrovnávání zanedbávaného jazyka a umožnily by minoritě rychlý vzdělanostní vzestup.
Vliv politické hranice na život obyvatelstva na moravsko-slovenském pomezí
Authors: Rychlíková Magdaléna
Published: March 2024

Holíč is situated on the other side of the border river Morava ř km from Hodonín, an industrial town with population of 28 000. Before the split of Czechoslovakia in 1992 about one quarter of the working-able people of Holíč worked in Hodonín because there were more and better paid jobs. Hodonín was offering more opportunities for sport and cultural activities. There were also specialized secondary schools which did not exist in Holíč. Because there was no language barrier the pupils from Holíč could attend schools in Hodonín. All these possibilities were strictly limited after 1 January 1993, when two independent states - the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic - came to existence. lt is true, that the border can be crossed al any place on lieu of the Identity card but this does not affect children under 15 years of age. Subsequently, the contacts of children from both towns is now limited. There is a special agreement allowing the citizens of one republic to work in the second one. Indeed, there is still a certain number of people from Holíč working in Hodonín, but to employ them means for an employer an extra paper work. Unemployment in Hodonín let to a decrease of number workers from Holíč to about 10 % pre-1993level. Public transport between Holíč and Hodonín was limited - there is now train connection only on working days, buses on weekends are only twice daily. Prices were increased and all discounts discontinued. Postal service is expensive and the mail goes via Brno and Bratislava which lakes from 5 to 8 days. Problems occured with transport of agricultural products and other items regardless that there is a custorns union between both republics. There are also problems connected with citizenship, pen­sions as well as health and social insurance.
Minority v minoritě a národnostní školství
Authors: Nosková Helena
Published: March 2024

ln the introduction the author looks at the position of Slovaks in the Czech Lands, whether they form an ethnic minority or whether they are subject to assimilation in the Czech environment. On the strength of data from field research she proves that modem ethnic minorities have lost the attributes which were signs of their ethnic life in the past. Given many changes in whole communities and the economic system, transformation of social structures, the demographic structure as well as migration movements there was the emergence of other minorities - cultural, social, and professional. She stresses that in the latter two new minorities there has been an interplay of minorities with the majority society, which has brought about acceleration integration. The researcher also pays attention to the specificities of Slovaks in Bohemia and arrives at the conclusion that differences were and still are given facts, that a substantial part of Slovaks has not moved to Bohemia from Slovakia, but from other countries such as Romania, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Subcarpathian Ruthenia and France. Just these fellow countrymen gave rise to significant cultural minorities in some Czech and Moravian regions which had a different cultural background than Slovaks coming to Bohemia directly from Slovakia. Moreover, they had their own ideas about the education of their children and their life in the Czech and Moravian environment. In the next part the author pays attention to the activities of Slovak politicians which focused on the creation of a certain status of Slovaks in Bohemia. They were to acquire the character of Slovak ethnic minority, although they were living on the territory of their own country. She explains why this intention was not fulfilled in the past and why it is being implemented at present. She analyzes the issue of ethnic education, centering not only on Slovaks, but also on the education in maternal tongue in the environrnent of the Gerrnan, Polish, Romany and Greek minorities. She brings information about the relevant civic associations of ethnic minorities and their work.
Víme, co si o nás Američané myslí?
Authors: Krblichová Jana
Published: March 2024

The author presents the results of the question How do you think Americans see Czechs and Czech society? The question was asked within a broadly conceived survey focusing on the view held by Czech students about U. S. nationals. It was conducted at three Prague secondary schools between 1998 and 1999. The questionnaire included 28 questions. The asked question How do you think Americans see Czechs and Czech society? reflected not only the ideas of Czech students, but also showed what students think of their own society. The idea about the Americans' view had four alternatives. There was an antipode of a belief in negative and positive views of Americans about Czech society. A bigger group said that Americans regard the Czech Republic as an underdeveloped, backward and primitive country. But there were also views saying that Americans are absolutely tolerant as they assess individuals, not nations or countries. Basically, there was the prevailing view that the Czech Republic is a country unknown for Americans, and Czechs a nation virtually non-existent for them.
Na pomezí života a společnosti
Authors: Janko Jan
Published: March 2024

In this century science has been accompanied by pseudo-scientific ideas, hypotheses, theories and applications. If the term "pseudoscience" was used, it was largely an emotional label: in fact, these signs were to a large extent based on older scientific ideas, belonging to the "treasury" of the world science and entirely in keeping with the contemporary notions in relevant scientific disciplines and in the community of their bearers. This study focuses on the views, theories and practical approaches which were developed at the boundary of sciences about life and social sciences and which influenced their further development in the intellectual history of the Czech Lands. lt is a complex set of doctrines and disciplines which were alternately described as eugenics, eubiotics, racial hygiene, social health and in many respects they were closely connected with the developing physical, cultural and social anthropology. They can be placed into a number of scientific disciplines about life or medicine, but they are also closely connected with technocratic tendencies which appeared in this country with a varying degree of successfulness and possibly also with social engineering. The time framework of the study is limited to the beginning of the 20th century and it ends in its middle; however, in some cases it crosses both bounds. In terms of space, the focus is reduced to the Czech Lands. However, it is necessary to highlight some vital contexts relating to the development abroad which, as one can expect, played an inspiring role in many respects. Relationships to the development of similar disciplines in neighbouring Germany were of special importance. One cannot erroneously believe that the development of scientific cognition and general education in the Czech Lands was able to avoid some contemporary illusions. Biologism - in the form it was described in a brief reflection of eugenics, eubiotics, social hygiene or biosociology - was among the disciplines which continued to develop in parallel with a more radical development and orientation in Germany, Great Britain and the USA. These disciplines often supplied required pseudo-arguments for racist attitudes in society, reacting to the relevant social order. Nevertheless, the hateful anti-Slov focus of the German racial hygiene constituted the main barrier, due to which the Czech eugenics did not set out on the same path as the German racial hygiene. A special place was assumed by anthropology, especially by its socially orientated part. Although we have highlighted here some phenomena, it will be still better to devote a case study to its development. This is why the author excuses himself for just a brief outline of the problem.
Apšereniš
Authors: Segerová Vendula
Published: March 2024

"Upsherenish" a yiddish word for "haircutting" is a beautiful custom marking the third birthday of a Jewish boy, as well as his formal introduction to Jewish education and practice. The Torah compares man to a tree. A tree and a person both grow from a small seed, extend branches, reach maturity, and bear fruit. During the first three years of a tree's life, its fruit may not be cut for use. So too, a little boy's hair is not cut during his first three years. The article is divided into seven parts. The first part explains from the religious and historic point of view the origin of the custom. Second part is about importance attached to the first haircutting ceremony. Parts three, four and five are about age of the boy that can vary, date and choice of the place of this beautiful Jewish tradition. Part six describes the structure of the ceremony. Before the ceremony is explained to the boy the importance of the three years birthday connected with the first haircutting and leaving the "pe´ot," wearing always the "kippa" and beginning of the age of education. During the ceremony all his hair is cut mostly by his father and present man. The final part of the article shows a first haircutting ceremony of the son of rabi of Chabad N.C. in Prague, June 2000. It describes the custom, the birthday party and also the reflection of this tradition by a non-chasidic Jews.
Výzkum etnické intolerance mezi žáky základních škol
Authors: Moravcová Mirjam
Published: March 2024

Institut základů vzdělanosti Univerzity Karlovy v Praze provedl v květnu a červnu roku 1998 rozsáhlé etnologické šetření postojů žáků základních škol k etnickým skupinám a národnostním menšinám, které žijí na území České republiky. Výsledky tohoto šetření, uskutečněného z podnětu Ministerstva školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy ČR ve 47 lokalitách Čech, Moravy a Slezska, byly následně v průběhu listopadu 1998 až března 1999 ověřovány dílčími hloubkovými výzkumnými sondami na dvou pražských školách.
Portréty z galerie Královské kolegiátní kapituly sv. Petra a Pavla na Vyšehradě
Authors: Novotná Hedvika
Published: March 2024

Již tradičně představila Vyšehradská kapitula v prostorách Lobkovcikého paláce část své bohaté sbírky výtvarných děl, která postupně procházejí restaurováním. Tentokrát šlo o podobizny některých děkanů, kanovníků a proboštů Vyšehradské kapituly. Výstavu připravil Denko Čumlivski a výtvarně realizoval Jan Duspěva.
Casanova v Čechách (Dvousté výročí úmrtí Giacomo Casanovy)
Authors: Barhoňová Vladislava
Published: March 2024

Národní muzeum ve spolupráci se Státním oblastním archivem a Státní památkovou péči uspořádalo výstavu u příležitosti ddvoustého výročí úmrtí italského dobrodruha a cestovatele, který byl zároveň typickým představitelem kultury 18. století, Giacoma Casanovy. Vzhledem k tomu, že posledních třináct let svého života strávil Giacomo Casanova v Čechách, kde je také pohřben, zaměřila se výstava hlavně na jeho vztahy k naší zemi.
Brain sodium sensing for regulation of thirst, salt appetite, and blood pressure
Authors: Hiyama Takeshi Y.
Published: March 2024

The brain possesses intricate mechanisms for monitoring sodium (Na) levels in body fluids. During prolonged dehydration, the brain detects variations in body fluids and produces sensations of thirst and aversions to salty tastes. At the core of these processes Nax, the brain's Na sensor, exists. Specialized neural nuclei, namely the subfornical organ (SFO) and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), which lack the blood–brain barrier, play pivotal roles. Within the glia enveloping the neurons in these regions, Nax collaborates with Na+/K+‐ATPase and glycolytic enzymes to drive glycolysis in response to elevated Na levels. Lactate released from these glia cells activates nearby inhibitory neurons. The SFO hosts distinct types of angiotensin II‐sensitive neurons encoding thirst and salt appetite, respectively. During dehydration, Nax‐activated inhibitory neurons suppress salt‐appetite neuron's activity, whereas salt deficiency reduces thirst neuron's activity through cholecystokinin. Prolonged dehydration increases the Na sensitivity of Nax via increased endothelin expression in the SFO. So far, patients with essential hypernatremia have been reported to lose thirst and antidiuretic hormone release due to Nax‐targeting autoantibodies. Inflammation in the SFO underlies the symptoms. Furthermore, Nax activation in the OVLT, driven by Na retention, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system via acid‐sensing ion channels, contributing to a blood pressure elevation.
Will COVID “encourage” B2B and data exchange engineering in logistic firms?
Authors: Šimek Libor , Cempírek Václav
Published: March 2024

The goal of this article is to develop recommendations to assist logistic companies in formulating their B2B deployment policies as part of their engineering infrastructure strategy. It is postulated that logistic firms are likely to integrate B2B into their organizational structure in order to obtain a competitive advantage. The research examines the situation not only in the period immediately prior (2006) and after (2010) the 2008–2009 economic crisis, but also over a longer period of the following years in order to discover an eventual impact of the crisis on B2B deployment (2014, 2018). The results obtained from the 2008–2009 economic crisis are then applied analogically to the current 2020 coronavirus economic recession, where they serve as a foundation for formulating B2B deployment policy recommendations. We ascertained that B2B deployment increases in time of intensified market competition due to an economic crisis or recession and this tendency persists even in a longer horizon after the macroeconomic instability culmination. B2B systems can thus act as a significant “tool” for enhancing business competitiveness, which may be crucial for their economic “survival.”
Parametric analysis of the influence of climatic factors on the formation of traditional buildings in the city of Al Najaf
Authors: Alhilo Intisar A. , Ismael Kamoona Ghada M.
Published: March 2024

One of the key variables that can affect energy consumption in a building is the shape of the structure. The current study aims to balance the using solar radiation (lighting, heating, and cooling) and energy consumption by analyzing climatic factors’ effect on building formation systems’ standards. The research shows the mechanism of reaching optimal solutions in building performance problems using evolutionary algorithms as a reliable strategy. By examining the formation of compact fabric elements, the mass of the building on the site is compared with the parametric model adapted to the context to find out the negatives and positives according to the heat gain for each. The research relied on analytical and descriptive methods to clarify the determinants. The analysis included three main axes, the urban characteristics, the urban climatic compatibility in the study area, and parametric analysis. According to the results, shaped building blocks can simultaneously enhance indoor daylight levels and energy performance. Using the framework as a reference model can increase the chances of solving complex urban design problems earlier and recommend sustainable building designs.
Investigation of hybrid chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber for MIR supercontinuum generation and optical communication
Authors: Jain Sandeep Kumar , Sharma Mohit Kumar , Vyas Sandeep
Published: March 2024

This study describes a wideband supercontinuum generation (SCG) in the mid-infrared range using a chalcogenide multi-material microstructured fiber design with significant non-linearity under optical communication. The fiber has a single core of As2Se3 and three rings of As2S5 rods arranged in hexagonal pattern in the AsSe2 cladding region. The reported PCF design has effective area and nonlinear coefficients as 59.4174 μm2 and 219.36 W−1 km−1 respectively at 5.3 μm pump wavelength. Additionally, it has a chromatic dispersion profile that is nearly zero and flattened over a large wavelength range of 5–15 µm, which is advantageous for broadband supercontinuum spectrum in the mid-infrared region. Specifically, with pulse width and pulse peak power of 200 fs and 10 kW, respectively, for a 100 mm fibre length, this research work illustrates the SCG that expands from 1000 nm to over 15,000 nm. These extremely nonlinear PCFs are robust contenders for applications that are nonlinear in nature, such as the generation of slow-light and supercontinuum.
Verification and validation optimization method for signal quality bits in digital control system application software of nuclear power plant
Authors: Wang Lingzhi , Wu Yichun
Published: March 2024

The digitalization enhances nuclear power plant (NPP) instrumentation and control (I&C) system performance, while simultaneously introducing safety and reliability challenges. To enhance the stability of distributed control system (DCS), and minimize the dangerous failure rate and safe failure rate of safety system, signal quality bits (SQBs) are widely used in NPP DCS to identify the validity of important signals. However, in the past decade or so, numerous unscheduled turbine shutdowns and/or reactor trips have resulted from incorrect SQB design or settings. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct optimization research on the design methods and setting principles of SQBs, establish an optimization method for DCS application software SQB verification and validation (V&V), then minimize DCS faults attributed to SQB. With the aim, this work conducts an in-depth investigation and analysis of the definition, design, setting and transmission of SQB in NPP. A specific optimization method for software V&V to conduct SQB on NPP safety DCS application software is proposed. Twelve concerns in the SQB V&V work are detailed. The reactor trip system ΔT protection logic is utilized as a case to illustrate the detail implementation process of this optimization method. This work provides an engineering technical reference and operational guidance for SQB software V&V, conducive to ensuring the safe and economical operation of NPPs.
Deciphering between enhanced light emission and absorption in multi-mode porphyrin cavity polariton samples
Authors: Odewale Elizabeth O. , Avramenko Aleksandr G. , Rury Aaron S.
Published: March 2024

It remains unclear how the collective strong coupling of cavity-confined photons to the electronic transitions of molecular chromophore leverages the distinct properties of the polaritonic constituents for future technologies. In this study, we design, fabricate, and characterize multiple types of Fabry-Pérot (FP) mirco-resonators containing copper(II) tetraphenyl porphyrin (CuTPP) to show how cavity polariton formation affects radiative relaxation processes in the presence of substantial non-Condon vibronic coupling between two of this molecule’s excited electronic states. Unlike the prototypical enhancement of Q state radiative relaxation of CuTPP in a FP resonator incapable of forming polaritons, we find the light emission processes in multimode cavity polariton samples become enhanced for cavity-exciton energy differences near those of vibrations known to mediate non-Condon vibronic coupling. We propose the value of this detuning is consistent with radiative relaxation of Herzberg-Teller polaritons into collective molecular states coupled to the cavity photon coherently. We contrast the feature stemming from light emission from the HT polariton state with those that occur due to polariton-enhanced light absorption. Our results demonstrate the landscape of molecular and photonic interactions enabled by cavity polariton formation using complex chromophores and how researchers can design resonators to leverage these interactions to characterize and control polaritonic properties.
Crystal structure of (8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-((4-(2-phenylpropyl)phenyl)ethynyl)-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one, C36H42O2
Authors: Li Xinling , Deng Weijie , Huang Yubing , Hu Jinhui , Li Yibiao
Published: March 2024

C36H42O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 4), a = 9.0092(8) Å, b = 9.4264(11) Å, c = 17.2712(16) Å, β = 96.156(8)°, V = 1458.3(3) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0509, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1272, T = 150.00(10) K.
Creating World Views: Work-Expenditure Calculations for Funnel Beaker Megalithic Graves and Flint Axe Head Depositions in Northern Germany
Authors: Wunderlich Maria , Müller Michael , Behrens Anja
Published: March 2024

The creation, maintenance, and modification of prehistoric built spaces and structural landscapes required communities that engaged and interacted collectively. Starting from the appearance of early monumentality and depositional behaviour in Funnel Beaker communities, we trace the variation in this phenomenon among three study areas in what is now northern Germany. In doing so, we build on a specific perspective and approach, namely that of work-expenditure calculations for megalithic graves and flint axe heads. In the process, variable dynamics of construction and deposition activities within the Early and Middle Neolithic are revealed, which we regard as differentiated translations of widespread impulses, adapted to the needs of different socio-cultural communities. The similar developments seen in flint axe head depositions and in the construction of megalithic monuments are indicative of evolving spaces of memory, landscapes of cooperative collaboration, and an increasing structuring of local environments that seem to follow a specific understanding of, and interaction with, space.
Pattern identification in data about unmodified waste eggshell application as an adsorbent for metal ion removal from aqueous media
Authors: Sics Pavels , Kalnina Daina , Levina Aviva
Published: March 2024

In recent years, a significant increase in the amount of research published about the application of eggshells for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions has been observed. The paper presents different aspects of metal adsorption from aqueous solutions on untreated eggshells. Pretreatment procedures and tested parameters for the adsorption differ significantly across all the reviewed data, providing a source of variance for the results. For untreated eggshells, the range of the reported BET surface area is from 0.07 m2/g to 8.941 m2/g. Correlation between particle size and BET surface area has been highlighted. Reported removal efficiencies for the untreated eggshell have been compared. Reported results show that eggshell is most employed for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Eggshell capacity to remove metal ions from the main group elements has also been demonstrated. While results look promising, not enough data are present to make reliable conclusions about its efficiency with other (mainly transition) metal ions – which makes it a possible research direction. Based on the reported data, multiple removal pathways are involved. Several eggshell modification methods and possibilities of creating new adsorbents using eggshells only as a part of the raw material have been assessed. Finally reported eggshell modification methods have been assessed and it is clear that to compare different material’s effectiveness as an adsorbent, comparing only materials adsorption capacities is insufficient. Certain environmental water pollution removal studies using adsorption demand further study, such as metal ion specification in aqueous solution, in different processing water, and even in wastewater.
The Politics of Covid-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Southeastern Europe
Authors: Glaurdić Josip , Lesschaeve Christophe
Published: March 2024

The execution of Covid-19 vaccination drives in former Yugoslavia’s successor states has been disappointing. The rapidly evolving literature on the Covid-19 pandemic suggests the levels of support for vaccination are correlated with education, trust in public-health institutions, and exposure to the negative economic and health effects of the pandemic. The explanations of the political foundations of vaccination hesitancy, however, need better empirical grounding. We shed light on this subject by analyzing the results of a survey conducted on more than six thousand respondents from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia, as well as a combination of public-health, economic, and sociodemographic data across more than five hundred municipalities in Croatia. Most notably, we find the political sources of vaccination hesitancy to be strongly related to people’s support for the ideas of political parties committed to nationalist populism.
“Till Corona Sets Us Apart”: Emerging Vaccination Risks among Serbian Parents in the Netherlands
Authors: Brujić Marija
Published: March 2024

In developed European Union (EU) countries, migrants are thought to be less likely to have their children fully vaccinated. To investigate this idea, this study examines parental perceptions of child vaccination during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is based on semi-structured interviews with 42 Serbian migrants in the Netherlands, conducted in the summer of 2020. The aim was to determine if the pandemic changed these parents’ attitudes towards the Dutch healthcare system and vaccination in general. The paper’s theoretical framework juxtaposes a “risk society” approach with a governmentality approach. The majority of the parents surveyed had had their children vaccinated according to the Dutch national vaccination programme. However, the study shows that many Serbian migrants had negative attitudes towards the then forthcoming SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. I therefore conclude that new vaccines, such as the Covid-19 vaccine, act as risk technologies which create a new “risk environment” rather than being perceived as preventive health measures.
Covid-19 Mortality Shock: Demographic and Economic Losses in Moldova
Authors: Kozlov Vladimir , Pahomii Irina , Gagauz Olga , Šmit Jelena
Published: March 2024

This contribution discusses the problem of Covid-19 demographic and economic losses in Moldova. Although the pandemic is now no longer in the headlines, it is essential to understand how severe it was in Southeastern Europe. To illustrate this, the present study uses the example of the Republic of Moldova as a country with relatively high excess mortality. The Covid-19 mortality pattern in Moldova appears typical for the Eastern European and post-Soviet countries, with a decline in life expectancy for 2020–2021 and a more substantial decline for women. One of the main explanations for this pattern is the failure of the vaccination campaign, partly due to the population’s lack of trust in the healthcare system. The National Transfer Accounts approach is suggested to estimate economic losses. As a reference country for comparing the pandemic losses in Moldova, the present study uses Serbia, which was also strongly affected by the pandemic.
Healthcare: Public Policies, Social Practices, and Individual Experiences. An Introduction
Authors: Mircheva Gergana , Popova Olga
Published: March 2024

This thematic section focuses on health as a multilayered political, economic, and cultural phenomenon. Based on case studies from Southeastern Europe, the four articles in the section pose research questions that are important for understanding the interplay between personal experiences of using healthcare services, trust in the healthcare system, and the governance of healthcare service provision in the region. The articles build on complementary perspectives on individual experiences of interacting with healthcare providers, social issues, and public health strategies, drawing a multidimensional “health map” with interrelated but sometimes diverging arguments. This allows a better understanding of the issues of health and illness in turbulent times of social crises and provides a conceptual basis for healthcare policies in Southeastern Europe.
Optimization of Data Quality Objective on Ammonia Nitrogen System in Water through ASTM Top-Down Approach for Independence Identical Distribution
Authors: Wang Douwen , Sun Zhijing , Zhang Weiqi , Ma Dongchang
Published: March 2024

Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) coming from the instantaneous effluent in urban water is something that is necessary to measure through routine testing. In order to reduce the long-term potentially harmful impacts to ecosystems and human health, we monitor the NH3-N system through an ASTM top-down approach. As the background effect treatments have been debated, the actual extraction efficiency (naturally existing matrix matched) may not be measured for unstable samples greatly fluctuated in wastewater. In this article, we do not spike the matrixes at multiple concentrations; instead, we directly use the parallel samples, within each level consistent differing from each other by up to 5 %. To determine whether the residual or pretreated results derived from the NH3-N system are under the independence identical distribution, we recommend using the more robust Anderson Darling (AD) hypothesis test for the confirmation. If the AD null hypothesis is held, we can believe that the reliability of NH3-N system is validated, and, under the site precision (sR′), incorporate all cumulative effects, even with the interaction and matrix, into the data quality objective (DQO) of the NH3-N system. Our DQO, with variations across all matrices, can be compared to the results obtained historically or subsequently, or with ASTM performance. Our final goal is to meet clients’ needs in a way that allows for operation of the NH3-N system that is consistent, impartial, and competent.