bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Flexible and Biodegradable Piezoelectric‐Based Wearable Sensor for Non‐Invasive Monitoring of Dynamic Human Motions and Physiological Signals
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Hoseyni Seyed Morteza , Das Ritu , Awais Muhammad , Basdogan Ipek , Beker Levent
Published: May 2023

Recent progress in flexible sensors and piezoelectric materials has enabled the development of continuous monitoring systems for human physiological signals as wearable and implantable medical devices. However, their non‐degradable characteristics also lead to the generation of a significant amount of non‐decomposable electronic waste (e‐waste) and necessitate a secondary surgery for implant removal. Herein, a flexible and biodegradable piezoelectric material for wearable and implantable devices that addresses the problem of secondary surgery and e‐waste while providing a high‐performance platform for continuous and seamless monitoring of human physiological signals and tactile stimuli is provided. The novel composition of bioresorbable poly(l‐lactide) and glycine leads to flexible piezoelectric devices for non‐invasive measurement of artery pulse signals in near‐surface arteries and slight movement of the muscle, including the trachea, esophagus, and movements of joints. The complete degradability of piezoelectric film in phosphate‐buffered saline at 37 °C is also shown. The developed pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 13.2 mV kPa−1with a response time of 10 ms and shows good mechanical stability. This piezoelectric material has comparable performance to commonly used non‐degradable piezoelectric materials for measuring physiological signals. It can also be used in temporary implantable medical devices for monitoring due to its degradable nature.
Electrical Conductivity and Photodetection in 3D‐Printed Nanoporous Structures via Solution‐Processed Functional Materials
Authors: Xia Kai , Dong Zheqin , Sun Qing , Debastiani Rafaela , Liu Sida , Jin Qihao , Li Yang , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Gumbsch Peter , Lemmer Uli , Eggeler Yolita M. , Levkin Pavel A. , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo
Published: May 2023

3D‐printed conductive structures are highly attractive due to their great potential for customizable electronic devices. While the traditional 3D printing of metal requires high temperatures to sinter metal powders or polymer/metal composites, low or room temperature processes will be advantageous to enable multi‐material deposition and integration of optoelectronic applications. Herein, digital light processing technology and inkjet printing are combined as an effective strategy to fabricate customized 3D conductive structures. In this approach, a 3D‐printed nanoporous (NPo) polymeric material is used as a substrate onto which a nanoparticle‐based Ag ink is printed. SEM and X‐ray nano computed tomography (nanoCT) measurements show that the porous morphology of the pristine NPo is retained after deposition and annealing of the Ag ink. By optimizing the deposition conditions, conductive structures with sheet resistance <2 Ω sq−1 are achieved when annealing at temperatures as low as 100 °C. Finally, the integration of an inkjet‐printed photodetector is investigated based on an organic semiconductor active layer onto the NPo substrate. Thus, the potential of this approach is demonstrated for the additive manufacturing of functional 3D‐printed optoelectronic devices.
Unclonable MXene Topographies as Robust Anti‐Counterfeiting Tags via Fast Laser Scanning and Siamese Neural Networks
Authors: Jing Lin , Si Huachun , Chen Tianle , Hsiao Li‐Yin , Yang Haochen , Little Joshua M. , Li Kerui , Li Shuo , Xie Qian , Chen Po‐Yen
Published: May 2023

An ideal anti‐counterfeiting technology is desired to be unclonable, nondestructive, mass‐producible, and accompanied with fast and robust authentication under various external influences. Although multiple anti‐counterfeiting technologies have been reported, few meet all of the above‐mentioned features. Herein, a mechanically driven patterning process is reported to produce higher dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene topographies in a scalable yet unclonable manner, which can be used as anti‐counterfeiting tags. By using a high‐speed confocal laser microscopy, the complex topographies can be extracted within one minute and then reconstructed into 3D physical unclonable function (PUF) keys. Meanwhile, a Siamese neural network model and a feature‐tracking software are built to achieve a pick‐and‐check strategy, enabling highly accurate, robust, disturbance‐insensitive tag authentication in practical exploitations. The 3D PUF key‐based anti‐counterfeiting technology features with several advances, including ultrahigh encoding capacities (≈10144 000‐107 800 000), fast processing times (<1 min), and high authentication accuracy under various external disturbances, including tag rotations (≈0°‒360°), tag dislocation(s) in x(y) directions (≈0%‒100%), tag shifts in z‐direction (≈0%‒28%), tag tilts (≈0°‒5°), differences in contrasts (20%‒60%) and laser power (6.0‒9.0 µW). The anti‐counterfeiting technology promises information security, encoding capacity, and authentication efficiency for the manufacturer‐distributor‐customer distribution processes.
Second Harmonic Generation in Exfoliated Few‐Layer ReS2
Authors: Song Ying , Shan Yuwei , Wang Weiming , Chang Kainan , Zheng Ze , Shi Zhiming , Li Dabing , Cheng Jin Luo
Published: May 2023

The second harmonic generation (SHG) is systematically investigated in mechanically exfoliated, few‐layer ReS2 samples. The stacking orders are identified as (AA)nA and (ABy)nA for (2n+1)‐layer samples and (AA)n and (ABy)n for 2n‐layer samples. The layer structure A stands for that of a monolayer, and the layer structure By is mirror to A followed by a one‐tenth unit cell translation along the mirror axis, that is, the b‐axis of the crystal. Only the even‐layer samples with (ABy)n stacking order are SHG active. After carefully extracting the effective bulk susceptibility for SHG, it is found that the spectra are greatly enhanced as the fundamental photon energy matches exciton levels. The polarization dependence is strongly anisotropic, and each susceptibility component shows very different wavelength dependence. The results demonstrate that few‐layer ReS2, with its unique SHG, can be considered as an ideal platform for fundamental research in anisotropic nonlinear optics.
Manipulating Photoisomerization Rate of Triphenylethylene Derivative through Metal Coordination for Irradiation Time‐Dependent Information Encryption
Authors: Zhang Diankun , Zhang Ye , Gong Weijie , Li Jiangang , Liu Shujuan , Ma Yun , Zhao Qiang
Published: May 2023

Achieving on‐demand control of responsive behaviors of photochromic molecules is important for advanced photonic applications, but it remains a challenge. In this work, a triphenylethylene‐based molecule, 5‐(2,2‐bis(4‐fluorophenyl)vinyl)‐5″‐methyl‐2,2″‐bipyridine (1), which can undergo open‐to‐closed isomerization under 365 nm irradiation, is designed and synthesized. Importantly, on‐demand acceleration or deceleration of photoisomerization rate over a wide range (kUV = 0.00584–0.06299 s−1) is achieved by coordination of 1 with different metal salts. Furthermore, more precise manipulation of the photoisomerization rate is achieved by changing the counterions of the 1‐based metal complex. Eventually, taking advantage of distinctly different photoisomerization rates of 1 and its corresponding metal complexes, high‐level irradiation time‐dependent information encryption and anticounterfeiting applications have been demonstrated.
Microfluidic Fabrication of Highly Efficient Hydrogel Optical Fibers for In Vivo Fiber‐Optic Applications
Authors: Fitria Gea , Kwon Mina , Lee Haeni , Singh Arti , Yoo Kiyoung , Go Yeonjeong , Kim Jeesu , Kim Ki Su , Yoon Jinhwan
Published: May 2023

Although efficient light delivery is required for various biomedical applications, the high stiffness of traditional silica‐based optical fibers limits their in vivo usage. In this study, highly deformable and stretchable soft optical fibers are prepared based on the mechanically tough hydrogels of a double network (DN) structure comprising covalently crosslinked acrylamide and ionically crosslinked alginate using a microfluidic device. Owing to the optimized chemical composition, the core/cladding structure, and the mechanical robustness of the prepared hydrogel optical fibers, highly efficient optical delivery is achieved even at highly deformed and elongated states. Furthermore, the microfluidic device further allowed the formation of dual‐core, novel architectures for hydrogel optical fibers. With the aid of the dopamine moiety included in the cladding, the hydrogel optical fibers attached strongly to all surfaces tested. Light delivery is further confirmed by implantation in the biological tissues. The high light‐guiding performance of the developed hydrogel optical fibers enables them to replace the conventional silica optical fibers used in UV/Vis, fluorescence, and photoacoustic spectroscopies. To demonstrate their in vivo fiber‐optic application potential, they are placed inside mice, and the excitation and emission of the generated fluorescence signals are detected.
Quaternary AgInP2S6: A Prospective Robust van der Waals Semiconductor for High‐Speed Photodetectors and their Application in High‐Temperature‐Proof Optical Communications
Authors: Ye Qiaojue , Deng Zexiang , Yi Huaxin , Wang Wan , Lu Jianting , Ma Yuhang , Huang Wenjing , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Ma Churong , Du Chun , Zou Yichao , Yao Jiandong , Yang Guowei
Published: May 2023

The emergence of graphene has opened the prelude of extensive research on 2D layered materials. Especially, the diverse crystal structures and exceptional physical properties of multielement van der Waals semiconductors have provided a brand‐new platform for the implementation of novel optoelectronic devices. In this study, for the first time, the optoelectronic properties of a newly emerged quaternary van der Waals semiconductor, namely silver indium phosphorus sulfide (AgInP2S6), have been systematically investigated. It is revealed that the AgInP2S6 photodetector exhibits a fast response rate with the response/recovery time down to ≈1/2 ms. In addition, the AgInP2S6 device demonstrates stable photoswitching operation even under a high working temperature of up to 160 °C in the ambient environment without using any specific protection means, and the photoswitching characteristic is also well reserved after a 10‐h continuous heating at 150 °C in air. Profiting from the strong immunity to environmental thermal disturbance, a proof‐of‐concept high‐temperature optical communication application is demonstrated. In conclusion, this study provides an intriguing paradigm for the realization of the next‐generation optoelectronic devices against extreme working circumstances, which contributes to further broadening the scope of application of 2D material photodetectors in the upcoming future (e.g., space communication and tracking).
Efficient Charge Transfer in Narrowband Organic Photodiodes Based on Self‐Assembled Heterojunction for Spectrally Selective Photodetection and Imaging
Authors: Wang Zhenhui , Wang Yueyue , Liu Manyu , Xu Meili , Jiang Zhixiang , Gao Yuanhong , Meng Hong , Wang Xinwei
Published: May 2023

Spectrally selective photodetection has been used in many areas where only band‐specific optical signals are aimed to be detected. Organic photodiodes (OPDs) based on internal light depletion mechanisms have been utilized to realize narrowband photodetection. However, the fabrication of the photoactive layers by conventional solution methods can result in the deterioration of the underneath organic depletion layers and cause high‐density defect states at their interface. Herein, a new approach is presented to realize efficient charge transfer by adopting a self‐assembly strategy to prepare donor/acceptor bulk heterojunctions as the photoactive layers for narrowband OPDs. This method is able to prepare highly smooth, phase‐uniform, and low‐defect‐density thin films with controlled thickness. With this strategy, a narrowband near‐infrared OPD centered at 760 nm with a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of around 60 nm, peak external quantum efficiency of 49%, and peak specific detectivity of over 1013 Jones under −5 V is achieved. Multiple material combinations for the depletion and photoactive layers are examined, and the results show the effectiveness to realize the spectrally selective photodetection (from 740 to 900 nm) in general. More importantly, the narrowband OPDs can be integrated into a matrix for imaging, which demonstrates the mass‐scale fabrication feasibility of these OPDs.
Bandgap Engineering for Ultralow‐Voltage Operation of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Satoh Chinatsu , Okada Takuya , Oono Taku , Sasaki Tsubasa , Shimizu Takahisa , Fukagawa Hirohiko
Published: May 2023

The minimum voltage required for a light‐emitting diode (LED) to emit light has been suggested to depend on the bandgap of the emitter. However, the correlation between the bandgap of the emitter and the operating voltage in organic LEDs (OLEDs) has remained unclear because OLEDs require a complex multilayer configuration that includes many materials other than the emitter. Here, a simple equation describing the minimum voltage required for OLED operation, expressed by using the bandgap of the emitter and other energies relevant to OLEDs, is reported. The equation is derived from the characteristics of simple‐structure OLEDs consisting of only electron‐donating (D) and electron‐accepting (A) molecules showing exciplex emission from the green to near‐infrared regions. The minimum voltage required for OLED operation is demonstrated to be more than 0.7 V lower than the emitter's bandgap divided by the elementary charge. The relatively high exciton binding energy, which is unique to organic materials, contributes to lowering the operating voltage. On the basis of these findings, D/A molecules have been newly designed for the ultralow‐voltage operation of OLEDs, and green and blue OLEDs that emit light at ≈1.5 V are realized via triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion.
Retraction: High‐Efficiency, Blue, Green, and Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Triple Cation Perovskite
Authors: Kim Hyeong Pil , Kim Jeongmo , Kim Byung Soon , Kim Hyo‐Min , Kim Jeonggi , bin Mohd Yusoff Abd. Rashid , Jang Jin , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja
Published: May 2023

Adv. Optical Mater. 2017, 5, 1600920

https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201600920

The above article, published online on 2 February 2017 in Wiley Online Library (https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201600920), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, Anja Wecker, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. An initial concern on atypical noise patterns in Figure 3 and Figure S1 was raised by third parties. An expert analysis of the requested raw data has revealed clear signatures of data manipulation. As a result, the conclusions of this study are considered not reliable.
Regiodivergent C−H Annulation of Imines with Unsymmetrical Alkynes Using Transient Directing Alcohols via Rh(III) Catalysis
Authors: Liu Bairong , Chen Yabo , Liang Qixin , Liang Yuyao , Liu Bifu , Liu Yuan , Gao Yang , Chen Qian , Huo Yanping , Li Xianwei
Published: May 2023

Regiodivergent [3+2] and [4+2] C−H annulation of imines and imidate esters with unsymmetrical alkynes has been achieved under Rh(III) catalysis. Further transformation of the aldehyde and TMS functionality on the indene products is also demonstrated. The current work highlights the alcohols‐directed multiple C−H annulation of imines and imidate esters, leading to diverse fused heterocycles.
Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Thioesters from Malonic Acid Half Thioesters and Aldehydes
Authors: Kawasaki Shun , Akagawa Kengo , Kudo Kazuaki
Published: May 2023

A decarboxylative condensation of malonic acid half thioesters (MAHTs) with aldehydes catalyzed by benzylammonium trifluoroacetate has been developed for the synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated thioesters. The reaction of aromatic aldehydes and sterically non‐demanding aliphatic aldehydes proceeded smoothly at room temperature in DMF in a stereo‐ and regioselective manner. Besides the unsubstituted malonate, 2‐fluoro‐ and 2‐methylmalonates could be employed as a nucleophile. Use of the present catalyst could avoid nonproductive protiodecarboxylation of MAHTs.
Selective C−H Acyloxylation of Sulfides/Disulfides Enabled by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Wu Shuang , Chen Yiyun
Published: May 2023

Herein, we report the α−C−H acyloxylation of sulfides and disulfides enabled by hypervalent iodine(III) reagents via photoredox catalysis. The methoxylbenziodoxole derivatives serve as the hydrogen atom transfer agent, the mild oxidant, and the acyloxylation source in the reaction. External nucleophiles can also be introduced to the α−C−H of sulfides. The reaction applies to various aryl and alkyl sulfides including methionine peptide derivatives. Disulfides are applicable for the first time with excellent chemoselectivity and functional group compatibility.
Water Flow‐Induced Energy Harvesting Exploiting Stacked Graphene Oxide Membranes
Authors: Lezzoche Antonio , Aixalà‐Perelló Anna , Pedico Alessandro , Laurenti Marco , Raffone Federico , Lamberti Andrea
Published: May 2023

Energy harvesting from water flow or evaporation is recently reported exploiting carbon‐based materials. The water‐carbon dualism is at the base of this phenomenon thanks to a charge redistribution at the liquid/solid interface. Many kinds of approaches and nanomaterials are proposed for this purpose. The main properties under investigation are the surface functionalization and the porosity of carbon‐based materials. In this context, the exploitation of a stacked graphene oxide (GO) membrane as layered nanochannels for water flow energy harvesting is proposed. At the best of this study's knowledge, GO membranes are never reported for this application. The flow is spontaneously induced by both capillarity and evaporation when part of the membrane is incubated in water. In this study, zero‐energy is externally provided allowing sustainable energy production without sub‐products. Different GO membranes are tested for this purpose reaching a maximum open circuit voltage of ≈450 mV and maximum current of ≈100 nA.
Passive and Wireless All‐Textile Wearable Sensor System
Authors: Galli Valeria , Sailapu Sunil Kumar , Cuthbert Tyler J. , Ahmadizadeh Chakaveh , Hannigan Brett C. , Menon Carlo
Published: May 2023

Mobile health technology and activity tracking with wearable sensors enable continuous unobtrusive monitoring of movement and biophysical parameters. Advancements in clothing‐based wearable devices have employed textiles as transmission lines, communication hubs, and various sensing modalities; this area of research is moving towards complete integration of circuitry into textile components. A current limitation for motion tracking is the need for communication protocols demanding physical connection of textile with rigid devices, or vector network analyzers (VNA) with limited portability and lower sampling rates. Inductor–capacitor (LC) circuits are ideal candidates as textile sensors can be easily implemented with textile components and allow wireless communication. In this paper, the authors report a smart garment that can sense movement and wirelessly transmit data in real time. The garment features a passive LC sensor circuit constructed of electrified textile elements that sense strain and communicate through inductive coupling. A portable, lightweight reader (fReader) is developed for achieving a faster sampling rate than a downsized VNA to track body movement, and for wirelessly reading sensor information suitable for deployment with a smartphone. The smart garment–fReader system monitors human movement in real‐time and exemplifies the potential of textile‐based electronics moving forward.
Logistics of Bone Mineralization in the Chick Embryo Studied by 3D Cryo FIB‐SEM Imaging
Authors: Raguin Emeline , Weinkamer Richard , Schmitt Clemens , Curcuraci Luca , Fratzl Peter
Published: May 2023

During skeletal development, bone growth and mineralization require transport of substantial amounts of calcium, while maintaining very low concentration. How an organism overcomes this major logistical challenge remains mostly unexplained. To shed some light on the dynamics of this process, cryogenic focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy (cryo‐FIB/SEM) is used to image forming bone tissue at day 13 of a chick embryo femur. Both cells and matrix in 3D are visualized and observed as calcium‐rich intracellular vesicular structures. Counting the number of these vesicles per unit volume and measuring their calcium content based on the electron back‐scattering signal, the intracellular velocity at which these vesicles need to travel to transport all the calcium required for the mineral deposited in one day within the collagenous tissue can be estimated. This velocity at 0.27 µm s−1 is estimated, which is too large for a diffusion process and rather suggests active transport through the cellular network. It is concluded that calcium logistics is hierarchical and based on several transport mechanisms: first through the vasculature using calcium‐binding proteins and the blood flow, then active transport over tens of micrometers through the network of osteoblasts and osteocytes, and finally diffusive transport over the last one or two microns.
Implementation of a North American pediatric emergency medicine simulation curriculum using the virtual resuscitation room
Authors: Leung James S. , Foohey Sarah , Burns Rebekah , Bank Ilana , Nemeth Joe , Sanseau Elizabeth , Auerbach Marc
Published: May 2023

Background

Simulation provides consistent opportunities for residents to practice high‐stakes, low‐frequency events such as pediatric resuscitations. To increase standardization across North American residency programs, the Emergency Medicine Resident Simulation Curriculum for Pediatrics (EM ReSCu Peds) was developed. However, access to high‐quality simulation/pediatric expertise is not uniform. As the concurrent COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated new virtual simulation methods, we adapted the Virtual Resus Room (VRR) to teach EM ReSCu Peds. VRR is an award‐winning, low‐resource, open‐access distance telesimulation platform we hypothesize will be effective and scalable for teaching this curriculum.

Methods

EM residents completed six VRR EM ReSCu Peds simulation cases and received immediate facilitator‐led teledebriefing. Learners completed retrospective pre–post surveys after each case. Learners and facilitators completed end‐of‐day surveys. Primary outcomes were learning effectiveness measured by a composite of the Simulation Effectiveness in Teaching Modified (SET‐M) tool and self‐reported changes in learner comfort with case objectives. Secondary outcome was VRR scalability to teach EM ReSCu Peds using a composite outcome of net promoter scores (NPS), resource utilization, open‐text feedback, and technical issues.

Results

Learners reported significantly increased comfort with 95% (54/57) of EM ReSCu Peds–defined case objectives (91% cognitive, 9% psychomotor), with moderate (Cohen's d 0.71, 95% CI 0.67–0.76) overall effect size. SET‐M responses indicated simulation effectiveness, particularly with debriefing. Ninety EM residents from three North American residency programs were taught by 59 pediatric faculty from six programs over 4 days—more than possible if simulations were conducted in person. Learners (39) and faculty (68) NPS were above software industry benchmarks (13). Minor, quickly resolved, technical issues were reported by 18% and 29% of learners and facilitators, respectively.

Conclusions

Learners and facilitators report that the VRR is an effective and scalable platform to teach EM ReSCu Peds. This low‐cost, accessible distance simulation intervention could increase equitable, global access to high‐quality pediatric emergency education.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of α‐Iminonitriles via Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Liu Wen‐Hao , Liu Run‐Jiao , Liu Xing‐Yuan , Zhao Han‐Qing , Xia Zi‐Hao
Published: May 2023

A reaction of imidazo[1,2‐α]pyridine and Zhdankin reagent (IBA‐N3) is described for the synthesis of α‐iminonitriles via visible light photoredox catalysis. A series of substituted α‐iminonitriles were efficiently prepared in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. This transformation goes through a radical ring‐opening process to furnish the corresponding products. Notably, the reaction does not require toxic cyanide reagents, expensive metal photocatalysts and excessive oxidants.
Diagonal‐couplet gaits on discontinuous supports in Japanese macaques and implications for the adaptive significance of the diagonal‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet gait of primates
Authors: Goto Ryosuke , Kinoshita Yuki , Shitara Tetsuya , Hirasaki Eishi
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Diagonal‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet (DSDC) gaits have been proposed as an adaptation to travel on discontinuously arranged arboreal branches. Only a few studies have examined primate gait adjustment to support discontinuity. We analyzed the gaits of Japanese macaques walking on the “ground” and two discontinuous conditions, “circle” and “point,” to better understand the advantages of DSDC gaits on discontinuous supports.

Materials and Methods

Seventy‐eight vertical posts, each with a circular upper surface, were arranged in four rows at a spacing of 200 mm. The diameter of the circular upper surface was 150 mm (“circle condition”) or 50 mm (“point condition”). We calculated the limb phase, duty factor, and time interval from hindlimb touchdown to ipsilateral forelimb liftoff. The supports the fore‐ and hindlimbs landed on during walking were identified in the circle and point condition.

Results

The macaques predominantly used DSDC gaits in the ground and circle conditions and lateral‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet (LSDC) gaits in the point condition. The macaques usually placed their hindlimbs on the same supports as their ipsilateral forelimbs during the gait cycle.

Discussion

Japanese macaques overlapped the ipsilateral fore‐ and hindlimb stance phase in all DSDC and some LSDC gaits to proximate the ipsilateral limbs on the discontinuous support, allowing the forelimb to guide the hindlimb placement to the support. The overlap duration of the ipsilateral limb stance phases may be extended by DSDC gaits longer than by LSDC gaits, allowing for a direct pass of the support being held by the prehensile hand to the prehensile foot.
Multifunctional Device for Circular to Linear Polarization Conversion and Absorption
Authors: Liao Si‐yuan , Qiao Zhen , Sui Jun‐yang , Zhang Hai‐feng
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a metastructure multifunctional device for circular‐to‐linear polarization conversion (PC) and perfect absorption is proposed in which the electrical conductivity of the silicon material is controlled by light, thus changing the function of the device. The paper also explores three methods of optimizing bandwidth and their mechanisms, which are analyzed by means of current and energy density diagrams. The unit structure of this device adopts a 2 × 2 array, which is used for differentiated reflection of circular polarization waves, and forms linear polarization waves after reflection. In the other state, ultrawideband absorption can be achieved by changing the conductivity of silicon by external optical pumping, and the bandwidth is widened by inserting air resonators. In general, the device can form a PC at 0.89–1.31 THz with a relative bandwidth of 38% when there is no illumination. The resulting linear polarization wave has an axial ratio greater than 19 dB. When the silicon is excited by light resulting in a stable conductivity of around 9000 S m−1, the absorption band is 0.89–2.01 THz, the relative bandwidth is 77%, and the absorption rate is above 90%. This device can be used for communication, electromagnetic cloaking, and modulation.
New Radical Route and Insight for the Highly Efficient Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Integrated with Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Yin‐Feng , Qi Ming‐Yu , Conte Marco , Tang Zi‐Rong , Xu Yi‐Jun
Published: May 2023

Benzimidazoles are a versatile class of scaffolds with important biological activities, whereas their synthesis in a lower‐cost and more efficient manner remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a conceptually new radical route for the high‐performance photoredox coupling of alcohols and diamines to synthesize benzimidazoles along with stoichiometric hydrogen (H2) over Pd‐decorated ultrathin ZnO nanosheets (Pd/ZnO NSs). The mechanistic study reveals the unique advantage of ZnO NSs over other supports and particularly that the features of Pd nanoparticles in facilitating the cleavage of the α‐C−H bond of alcohols and adsorbing subsequently‐generated C‐centered radicals hold the key to turning on the reaction. This work highlights a new insight into radical‐induced efficient benzimidazole synthesis pairing with H2 evolution by rationally designing semiconductor‐based photoredox systems.
Molecular Flytraps Held Together by Platinum–Platinum Intermetallic Bonds
Authors: Soto Miguel A. , Chaudhry Mohammad T. , Matharu Gunwant K. , Lelj Francesco , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: May 2023

Metal‐metal bonds have rarely been explored as active elements in supramolecular assemblies despite their unique potential to introduce responsive behavior. In this report, a dynamic molecular container composed of two cyclometalated Pt units is constructed using Pt−Pt bonds. This molecule—the flytrap—has a flexible jaw composed of two [18]crown‐6 ethers that can adapt their shape to bind large inorganic cations with sub‐micromolar affinity. Along with the spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization of the flytrap, we report its photochemical assembly, which allows the capture of ions and their transport from solution to the solid state. In addition, we have been able to recycle the flytrap to regenerate its starting material due to the reversible nature of the Pt−Pt bond. We believe that other molecular containers and materials for harvesting valuable substrates from solution could be assembled using the advances presented here.
Evidence of a Uranium‐Paddlewheel Node in a Catecholate‐Based Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Knapp Julia G. , Wang Xijun , Rosen Andrew S. , Wang Xingjie , Gong Xinyi , Schneider Matthew , Elkin Tatyana , Kirlikovali Kent O. , Fairley Melissa , Krzyaniak Matthew D. , Wasielewski Michael R. , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Snurr Randall Q. , Farha Omar K.
Published: May 2023

The interactions between uranium and non‐innocent organic species are an essential component of fundamental uranium redox chemistry. However, they have seldom been explored in the context of multidimensional, porous materials. Uranium‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a new angle to study these interactions, as these self‐assembled species stabilize uranium species through immobilization by organic linkers within a crystalline framework, while potentially providing a method for adjusting metal oxidation state through coordination of non‐innocent linkers. We report the synthesis of the MOF NU‐1700, assembled from U4+‐paddlewheel nodes and catecholate‐based linkers. We propose this highly unusual structure, which contains two U4+ ions in a paddlewheel built from four linkers—a first among uranium materials—as a result of extensive characterization via powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), sorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), in addition to density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Improvement of flame retardancy and thermal stability of highly loaded low density polyethylene/magnesium hydroxide composites
Authors: Yücesoy Aykut , Balçik Tamer Yasemin , Berber Hale
Published: May 2023

This study aims to enhance the flame retardant efficiency and thermal stability of low density polyethylene (LDPE) by using halogen‐free inorganic additives. To prepare the highly loaded flame retardant polymer composites, LDPE melt mixes with magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate at different weight ratios using a twin‐screw extruder. The composites are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, crystallinity degree, tensile strength, morphological analysis, limiting oxygen index and UL‐94 vertical burning test. An optimum MH/MC weight ratio of 60/40 provides satisfactory composite properties with increased maximum thermal degradation temperature from 472.3 to 483.5°C, the highest LOI value of 32.5% and a UL‐94 V‐0 rating without melt dripping. The homogeneity of this composite is improved by using a polymeric compatibilizer, MAH‐g‐PE and an enhancement in tensile strength, elongation at break and elastic modulus values of 33.68%, 33.02% and 23.55%, respectively, are obtained. In order to create synergism between the flame retardant additives, 1, 3 and 5 wt% zinc borate is added to the composite system. The incorporation of 5 wt% ZB causes a significant delay in the thermal decomposition of MH with an improvement of 51.8°C in maximum degradation temperature. This composite also exhibits a satisfactory flame retardant grade with a UL‐94 V‐0 rating.
Improved interfacial polarization of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) composite with BaTiO3@polyaniline core‐shell fiber
Authors: Liao Pengwei , Ye Huijian , Xu Lixin
Published: May 2023

With the advantages of self‐healing and high breakdown, polymer film is the promising candidate in next‐generation dielectric capacitor. However, the energy density of polymer dielectrics needs to be further improved for the film capacitor with superior energy storage performance. It is particularly important to explore the energy loss mechanism under external electric field based on the interfacial effect in polymer composite. In this work, the energy storage capability of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) composite with core‐shell BaTiO3@polyainline (BTO@PANI) fiber has been investigated. The electrical conductivity of BTO@PANI is regulated by controlling acid concentration in microemulsion polymerization. The dielectric constant of 0.1 wt% composite increases to 27.7 with low dielectric loss of 0.0576 at 10 kHz. The released energy density of 0.1 wt% composite reaches 10.03 J/cm3 with charge–discharge efficiency of 70.5% at 300 MV/m. The core‐shell BTO@PANI fibers are served as the trapping sites of charge carriers, which contributes to the formation of microcapacitor in composite. As an interactive channel, PANI fiber provides diffusion paths for the charge carriers, thus conducting the polarized response of composite. Polymer composite with fibrous structure demonstrates large polarization, and this work sheds light on the energy loss related to the conductivity of interface in polymer dielectric film.
Crossover from Positive to Negative Spin Hall Signal in a Ferromagnetic Metal Induced by the Magnetization Modulated Interface Effect
Authors: Zhu Zhaozhao , Liu Ruixi , Zhang Ying , Liu Yi , Yuan Zhe , Cai Jian‐Wang
Published: May 2023

The spin Hall effect and its inverse (SHE/ISHE), describing the charge‐to‐spin interconversion, are of critical importance to the fundamental physics involving spin‐orbit coupling and the application of spintronic devices. These phenomena in nonmagnetic materials are reasonably understood after extensive studies. In ferromagnetic metals, however, the fundamental issue of generation and transport of pure spin current, especially the interplay of charge‐to‐spin interconversion and magnetization, is as‐yet poorly understood. Here, direct experimental evidence for the sign change in ISHE by injecting a spin current from Y3Fe5O12 into a Fe film via a Cu spacer is reported. The sizable negative ISHE signal (VISHE) in nanometer‐thick Fe films reverses its sign with a comparable magnitude when Fe magnetization is varied from a longitudinal to transverse orientation with respect to spin current polarization. With decreasing Fe thickness, this negative longitudinal VISHE increases rapidly to a larger positive value in magnitude. The opposite spin Hall angles for longitudinally and transversely polarized spin currents are reproduced by first‐principles transport calculations and the sign change is attributed to the anisotropic contribution at the ferromagnetic interface. This work lays a firm foundation for manipulating spin‐to‐charge interconversion with an extra degree of freedom of magnetization orientation through ferromagnetic metals.
Imidazopyridine chalcones as potent anticancer agents: Synthesis, single‐crystal X‐ray, docking, DFT and SAR studies
Authors: Soumyashree Dilip Kamble , Reddy Dinesh Shrikant , Nagarajaiah Honnappa , Naik Lohit , Savanur Hemantkumar Mohanchand , Shilpa Choradi Devendrappa , Sunitha Kumari Mayanna , Shanavaz Hamzad , Padmashali Basavaraj
Published: May 2023

New imidazopyridine–chalcone analogs were synthesized through the Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction. The newly synthesized imidazopyridine‐chalcones (S1–S12) were characterized using spectroscopic and elemental analysis. The structures of compounds S2 and S5 were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. The global chemical reactivity descriptor parameter was calculated using theoretically (DFT‐B3LYP‐3‐211, G) estimated highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital values and the results are discussed. Compounds S1–S12 were screened on A‐549 (lung carcinoma epithelial cells) and MDA‐MB‐231 (M.D. Anderson‐Metastatic Breast 231) cancer cell lines. Compounds S6 and S12 displayed exceptional antiproliferative activity against lung A‐549 cancer cells with IC50 values of 4.22 and 6.89 µM, respectively, compared to the standard drug doxorubicin (IC50 = 3.79 μM). In the case of the MDA‐MB‐231 cell line, S1 and S6 exhibited exceptionally superior antiproliferative activity with IC50 of 5.22 and 6.50 μM, respectively, compared to doxorubicin (IC50 = 5.48 μM). S1 was found to be more active than doxorubicin. Compounds S1–S12 were tested for their cytotoxicity on human embryonic kidney 293 cells, which confirmed the nontoxic nature of the active compounds. Further molecular docking studies verified that compounds S1–S12 have a higher docking score and interacted well with the target protein. The most active compound S1 interacted well with the target protein carbonic anhydrase II in complex with pyrimidine‐based inhibitor, and S6 with human Topo IIα ATPase/AMP‐PNP. The results suggest that imidazopyridine‐chalcone analogs may serve as new leads as anticancer agents.
Chaos, expansion, and contraction: The information worlds of depression patients during theCOVID‐19 pandemic lockdown
Authors: Bao Xin , Ke Ping
Published: May 2023

Although there have been several studies of people's information behaviors during the COVID‐19 epidemic, the information practices of a specific group of people—those with depression—have been neglected. This study reports on qualitative interviews with 24 participants to explore the information practices of people living with depression during the pandemic lockdown. We use the theory of information worlds and the concept of transition to understand the phases of chaos, expansion, and contraction that the information worlds of this group present during the lockdown, and examine the interrelationship between the information worlds and the individual's transition experiences during specific periods. Our results show that, first, emotion, body, and embodiment play key roles in the individual's information worlds, while individuals' information practices are regulated by the economic environment, group norms, and other social circumstances. Second, government‐level information, the volunteer community, social media, and nonhuman objects further impact participants' information practices. We suggest that health management strategies need to have different priorities at different stages of the transition, and attention should be paid to the provision of emotional information support systems during the pandemic lockdown.
A longitudinal degradation set‐up for calendar aging of lithium‐ion batteries in view of sparse experimental data
Authors: Schmitz Christian , Kamps Udo , Kateri Maria
Published: May 2023

A class of linear models for describing the capacity paths of lithium‐ion batteries (LIB) is proposed in case of sparse data from a calendar aging experiment. This way the reliability of LIB is monitored and modeled based on degradation data. The introduced family of models allows for random effects and includes tuning parameters, both of which make it a powerful tool for modeling LIB capacities. Because of sparsity of data, a procedure for simulating degradation data based on the model fitted on the sampled data is discussed and illustrated. The robustness of such models against misspecification in terms of tuning parameters is assessed by a simulation study.
Outcomes of robotic modified Freyer's prostatectomy in an Australian patient cohort
Authors: Okullo Alfin , Saad Jeremy , Ashrafi Darius , Bagheri Nasser , Haxhimolla Hodo
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The study aims to demonstrate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of robotic simple prostatectomy (RSP) using the modified Freyer's approach in an Australian patient cohort. Although RSP is performed in several Australian centres, there is a paucity of published Australian data.

Methods

We reviewed prospectively collected perioperative and outcomes data for patients who underwent a robotic modified Freyer's prostatectomy (RMFP) from June 2019 to March 2022. Statistics were completed using SPSS statistics v27.0 and reported as mean and range with a p value of <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

There were 27 patients who underwent RMFP over the study period with a mean age of 67 years and prostate volume of 159.74 cc (100–275). The mean console time was 168 min (122–211), blood loss of 233 ml (50–600) and average length of hospital stay of 3.8 days (3–8). The preoperative versus postoperative outcome means were as follows: serum prostate‐specific antigen was 9.69 versus 1.2 ng/mL, IPPS score was 17.1 versus 1.25, quality of life (QOL) score 3.4 versus 0.4, postvoid residual volume: 223.6 versus 55.9 ml, Q‐max 7.86 versus 29.6 ml/s. These were all statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean weight of resected tissue was 74 g (43–206) with 25 patients having benign histopathology and two being diagnosed with prostate cancer (Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 and 3 + 4 = 7). No patients returned to theatre or required a blood transfusion.

Conclusions

Data from our patient cohort demonstrate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of RMFP for benign prostatic hyperplasia in an Australian patient cohort. Our outcomes compare favourably with published studies on RSP.
Effects of video self‐modeling on the preference and reinforcer value of toys for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Livingston Cynthia , Samaha Andrew , Hranchuk Kieva , DePaolo Karie
Published: May 2023

A primary characteristic of autism spectrum disorder includes restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior. Because having few preferred items and activities can lead to social, communicative, and educational barriers, it is important to increase the number of preferred stimuli in the individual's environment. One way to do this is through conditioned reinforcement via observation. Such procedures involve the acquisition of a skill or change in behavior as a result of indirect contact (i.e., observation) with contingencies received by others. While conditioning through observation has been shown to be effective, one novel approach is video self‐modeling. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of video self‐modeling on the preference and reinforcer value of toys for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.
Characterisation of the E. coli HMS174 and BLR host cell proteome to guide purification process development
Authors: Disela Roxana , Bussy Olivier Le , Geldhof Geoffroy , Pabst Martin , Ottens Marcel
Published: May 2023

Mass‐spectrometry‐based proteomics is increasingly employed to monitor purification processes or to detect critical host cell proteins in the final drug substance. This approach is inherently unbiased and can be used to identify individual host cell proteins without prior knowledge. In process development for the purification of new biopharmaceuticals, such as protein subunit vaccines, a broader knowledge of the host cell proteome could promote a more rational process design. Proteomics can establish qualitative and quantitative information on the complete host cell proteome before purification (i.e., protein abundances and physicochemical properties). Such information allows for a more rational design of the purification strategy and accelerates purification process development. In this study, we present an extensive proteomic characterisation of two E. coli host cell strains widely employed in academia and industry to produce therapeutic proteins, BLR and HMS174. The established database contains the observed abundance of each identified protein, information relating to their hydrophobicity, the isoelectric point, molecular weight, and toxicity. These physicochemical properties were plotted on proteome property maps to showcase the selection of suitable purification strategies. Furthermore, sequence alignment allowed integration of subunit information and occurrences of post‐translational modifications from the well‐studied E. coli K12 strain.
Purification processes of live virus vaccine candidates expressed in adherent Vero cell lines via multimodal chromatography in flowthrough mode
Authors: Konstantinidis Spyridon , Poplyk Murphy R. , Ma Wanli (Justin) , Reilly Devan , Zhang Young , Wang Jamin , Thompson Rachel , Stiving Alyssa , Winters Michael A. , Wang Sheng‐Ching , Kristopeit Adam
Published: May 2023

Live virus vaccine (LVV) purification, employing chromatography, can be challenged by low binding capacities and elution yields. Alternatively, processes relying solely on enzymatic digestion steps and size‐based membrane separations can be limited by suboptimal reduction of process related impurities and poorly scalable unit operations. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of flowthrough mode chromatography and an ultrafiltration/diafiltration (UF/DF) unit operation delivers a purification process for two different LVV candidates, V590 and Measles, expressed in adherent Vero cells. For V590, chromatography with mixed mode cation exchange resins returned final product yields of ∼50% and logarithmic reduction values (LRVs) of 1.7–>3.4 and 2.5–3.0 for host cell DNA (hcDNA) and host cell proteins (HCPs), respectively. For Measles, chromatography with mixed mode anion exchange resins returned final product yields of ∼50% and LRVs of 1.6 and 2.2 for hcDNA and HCPs, respectively. For both V590 and Measles processing, the employed resins cleared a key HCP, fibronectin, which could foul the UF/DF unit operation, and thusly enabling it to further reduce HCPs and to formulate the final LVV products. This integrated purification process utilizes the complementary action of the two unit operations and its applicability across LVVs supports its consideration for their processing.