bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detailed Physiological Characterization of the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Hispanic Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Xiang Anny H. , Kjos Siri L. , Takayanagi Miwa , Trigo Enrique , Buchanan Thomas A.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

To identify physiological and clinical variables associated with development of type 2 diabetes up to 12 years after pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Seventy-two islet cell antibody–negative nondiabetic Hispanic women had oral (oGTT) and intravenous (ivGTT) glucose tolerance tests, glucose clamps, and body composition assessed between 15 and 30 months after pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). They returned for oGTTs at 15-month intervals until they dropped out, developed diabetes, or reached 12 years postpartum. Cox regression analysis was used to identify baseline predictors and changes during follow-up that were associated with development of type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS

At baseline, relatively low insulin sensitivity, insulin response, and β-cell compensation for insulin resistance were independently associated with development of diabetes. During follow-up, weight and fat gain and rates of decline in β-cell compensation were significantly associated with diabetes, while additional pregnancy and use of progestin-only contraception were marginally associated with diabetes risk.

CONCLUSIONS

In Hispanic women, GDM represents detection of a chronic disease process characterized by falling β-cell compensation for chronic insulin resistance. Women who are farthest along at diagnosis and/or deteriorating most rapidly are most likely to develop type 2 diabetes within 12 years after the index pregnancy. Weight gain, additional pregnancy, and progestin-only contraception are potential modifiable factors that increase diabetes risk.
Glucose Excursions Between States of Glycemia With Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1)
Authors: Sosenko Jay M. , Skyler Jay S. , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Greenbaum Carla J. , Mahon Jeffrey , Rafkin Lisa E. , Cuthbertson David , Cowie Catherine , Herold Kevan , Eisenbarth George , Palmer Jerry P. ,   the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Study Group
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

We characterized fluctuations between states of glycemia in progressors to type 1 diabetes and studied whether those fluctuations are related to the early C-peptide response to oral glucose.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) from differing states of glycemia were compared within individuals for glucose and C-peptide. Dysglycemic OGTTs (DYSOGTTs) were compared with normal OGTTs (NLOGTT), while transient diabetic OGTTs (TDOGTTs) were compared with subsequent nondiabetic OGTTs and with OGTTs performed at diagnosis.

RESULTS

Of 135 progressors with four or more OGTTs, 30 (22%) went from NLOGTTs to DYSOGTTs at least twice. Area under the curve (AUC) glucose values from the second NLOGTT were higher (P < 0.001) than values from the first NLOGTT. Among 98 progressors whose DYSOGTTs and NLOGTTs were synchronized for the time before diagnosis, despite higher glucose levels (P < 0.01 at all time points) in the DYSOGTTs, 30- to 0-min C-peptide difference values changed little. Likewise, 30- to 0-min C-peptide difference values did not differ between TDOGTTs and subsequent (within 3 months) nondiabetic OGTTs in 55 progressors. In contrast, as glucose levels increased overall from the first to last OGTTs before diagnosis (P < 0.001 at every time point, n = 207), 30- to 0-min C-peptide difference values decreased (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Glucose levels fluctuate widely as they gradually increase overall with progression to type 1 diabetes. As glucose levels increase, the early C-peptide response declines. In contrast, glucose fluctuations are not related to the early C-peptide response. This suggests that changes in insulin sensitivity underlie the glucose fluctuations.
Importance of Time Spent Standing for Those at Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulceration
Authors: Najafi Bijan , Crews Ryan T. , Wrobel James S.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

Despite the high cumulative plantar stress associated with standing, previous physical activity reports of diabetic patients at risk of foot ulceration have not taken this activity into account. This study aimed to monitor spontaneous daily physical activity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients and examine both walking and standing activities as important foot-loading conditions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Thirteen DPN patients were asked to wear a body-worn sensor for 48 h. Body postures (sitting, standing, and lying) and locomotion (walking, number of steps, and postural transition) were extracted.

RESULTS

Patients daily spent twice as much time standing (13 ± 5%) as walking (6 ± 3%). They spent 37 ± 6% of time sitting and 44 ± 8% lying down. The average number of steps per day was 7,754 ± 4,087, and the number of walking episodes was 357 ± 167 with maximum duration of 3.9 ± 3.8 min.

CONCLUSIONS

The large portion of DPN patients' time spent standing with the feet loaded requires further consideration when treating and preventing foot ulcers.
Direct Ridership Model of Bus Rapid Transit in Los Angeles County, California
Authors: Cervero Robert , Murakami Jin , Miller Mark
Published: August 2010

A direct ridership model (DRM) for predicting bus rapid transit (BRT) patronage in Southern California is estimated. Attributes of bus stops and their surroundings constitute the data observations of DRMs and enable a fairly fine-resolution analysis to be carried out on factors that influence ridership. The best-fitting DRM revealed that service frequency strongly influenced BRT patronage in Los Angeles County. High intermodal connectivity, with both feeder bus routes and rail transit services, also significantly induced BRT travel. As population densities increased, so did BRT patronage, all else being equal. For exclusive-lane BRT services, high employment densities were also associated with high daily boardings. The strong statistical fit of the model bodes well for DRM as a platform for estimating BRT patronage in coming years.
Safety of Public Transportation Occupational Drivers: Risk Perception, Attitudes, and Driving Behavior
Authors: Ma Ming , Yan Xinping , Huang Helai , Abdel-Aty Mohamed
Published: August 2010

Public transportation plays a key role in providing transport services for the public in most cities of China. Safety is a top priority for improving the level of services of public transportation. This study aims to identify crash risk factors associated with demographic characteristics, driving-related experiences, and aberrant driving behaviors of the drivers of public transportation vehicles as well as to establish the influence of risk perception, risk-taking attitudes, and risky driving behaviors. The data used for analyses were obtained from a self-reported questionnaire survey carried out among 248 taxi and bus drivers in Wuhan, China. The results showed that drivers who both reported more tendencies toward aggressive violations and ordinary violations and had previously been involved in crashes were at high risk of crash involvement. Moreover, through the use of a structural equation model, it was found that drivers’ attitudes toward rule violations and speeding significantly affect risky driving behaviors. Two risk perception scales, likelihood of crash and concern, have indirect effects on risky driving behaviors through their influence on drivers’ attitudes toward rule violations and speeding. The significant risk factors and influential paths identified in this study are expected to result in better planning of road safety campaigns aimed at the occupational drivers in public transportation.
County-Level Crash Risk Analysis in Florida: Bayesian Spatial Modeling
Authors: Huang Helai , Abdel-Aty Mohamed A. , Darwiche Ali Lotfi
Published: August 2010

An increasing research effort has been made on spatially disaggregated safety analysis models to meet the needs of region-level safety inspection and recently emerging transportation safety planning techniques. However, without explicitly differentiating exposure variables and risk factors, most existing studies alternate the use of crash frequency, crash rate, and crash risk to interpret model coefficients. This procedure may have resulted in the inconsistent findings in relevant studies. This study proposes a Bayesian spatial model to account for county-level variations of crash risk in Florida by explicitly controlling for exposure variables of daily vehicle miles traveled and population. A conditional autoregressive prior is specified to accommodate for the spatial autocorrelations of adjacent counties. The results show no significant difference in safety effects of risk factors on all crashes and severe crashes. Counties with higher traffic intensity and population density and a higher level of urbanization are associated with higher crash risk. Unlike arterials, freeways seem to be safer with respect to crash risk given either vehicle miles traveled or population. Increase in truck traffic volume tends to result in more severe crashes. The average travel time to work is negatively correlated with all types of crash risk. Regarding the population age cohort, the results suggest that young drivers tend to be involved in more crashes, whereas the increase in elderly population leads to fewer casualties. Finally, it is confirmed that the safety status is worse for more deprived areas with lower income and educational level and higher unemployment rate in comparison with relatively affluent areas.
Model-Based Application of Abbreviated Injury Scale to Police-Reported Crash Injuries
Authors: Tarko Andrew P. , Bar-Gera Hillel , Thomaz Jose , Issariyanukula Apichai
Published: August 2010

The evaluation of crash severities and the estimation of crash costs are key elements in evidence-based traffic safety improvement programs. Police records include information on injury severity estimated at the scene either by a police officer or by a medical emergency unit. At a hospital, the accident injuries are examined and documented more thoroughly and thus provide a better basis for cost estimation. Using hospital injury data for priority ranking of transportation projects and in other decision-making processes requires linking medical and crash records. Unfortunately, only a modest portion of crash records can be linked to corresponding medical records, even if a person is hospitalized, because missing data hamper the linking process. This study proposes a new method to overcome these difficulties and to estimate the expected level of injury of individuals included in all police-reported crashes. This method is accomplished by developing statistical models based on the linked medical and crash records and by applying these models to the entire crash data set. A fundamental problem to overcome was the selectivity bias present in the linked data and caused by the injury criteria for directing individuals to hospitals. The concept and the development of the proposed method are presented. The method is illustrated with its components developed with Indiana linked data and applied to Indiana crash data for 2005 to 2006.
Rethinking Electronic Crash Data Collection Transmission Model: Conceptual Framework for Centralized Web-Based Crash Data Collection System
Authors: Bejleri Ilir , Carrick Grady , Wingfield Nathaniel
Published: August 2010

The traffic crash report completed at the roadside by a police officer is the staple for traffic safety analysis. Current systems that automate traffic crash reporting following the so-called transmission model do a good job of assisting officers and agencies with the task of documenting traffic crashes in the field. Typically, these systems use a computer application that is installed on the officer's laptop and collects traffic crash information and stores it for later transmission to a server or other storage system. Although these reports are a significant improvement over the traditional handwritten report, they still fall short of the full promise of automation. This study establishes the method and benefits of moving to a web-based system for traffic crash reporting in the field. A migration to the web-based approach could reduce effort and costs of data collection, improve timeliness and accuracy of crash data, bolster data integration, and improve training and the quality of the crash-reporting software.
Cognitive Corpus Linguistics: five points of debate on current theory and methodology
Authors: Arppe Antti , Gilquin Gaëtanelle , Glynn Dylan , Hilpert Martin , Zeschel Arne
Published: August 2010

Within cognitive linguistics, there is an increasing awareness that the study of linguistic phenomena needs to be grounded in usage. Ideally, research in cognitive linguistics should be based on authentic language use, its results should be replicable, and its claims falsifiable. Consequently, more and more studies now turn to corpora as a source of data. While corpus-based methodologies have increased in sophistication, the use of corpus data is also associated with a number of unresolved problems. The study of cognition through off-line linguistic data is, arguably, indirect, even if such data fulfils desirable qualities such as being natural, representative and plentiful. Several topics in this context stand out as particularly pressing issues. This discussion note addresses (1) converging evidence from corpora and experimentation, (2) whether corpora mirror psychological reality, (3) the theoretical value of corpus linguistic studies of ‘alternations’, (4) the relation of corpus linguistics and grammaticality judgments, and, lastly, (5) the nature of explanations in cognitive corpus linguistics. We do not claim to resolve these issues nor to cover all possible angles; instead, we strongly encourage reactions and further discussion.
The Corpus of Greek Texts: a reference corpus for Modern Greek
Authors: Goutsos Dionysis
Published: August 2010

This paper reports on the construction of a reference corpus for Modern Greek, the Corpus of Greek Texts (CGT), that is currently being developed at the University of Athens. In particular, it points out the need for an authoritative corpus of Greek in view of the limitations of existing attempts to compile corpora for the language. It also presents the aims and identity of CGT with particular reference to its structure (composition of data and text classification). Questions of corpus design, which are particularly important with respect to available resources for Greek, are considered in relation to the issue of representativeness in material selection. The phases of implementation of CGT compilation are presented in detail. Finally, the larger implications of the project are detailed and applications, as well as prospects for further development, are outlined. Special mention is made of linguistic research papers on aspects of Greek that have used CGT data.
Evaporative Gasoline Emissions and Asthma Symptoms
Authors: Gordian Mary Ellen , Stewart Alistair W , Morris Stephen S
Published: August 2010

Attached garages are known to be associated with indoor air volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study looked at indoor exposure to VOCs presumably from evaporative emissions of gasoline. Alaskan gasoline contains 5% benzene making benzene a marker for gasoline exposure. A survey of randomly chosen houses with attached garages was done in Anchorage Alaska to determine the exposure and assess respiratory health. Householders were asked to complete a health survey for each person and a household survey. They monitored indoor air in their primary living space for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes for one week using passive organic vapor monitoring badges. Benzene levels in homes ranged from undetectable to 58 parts per billion. The median benzene level in 509 homes tested was 2.96 ppb. Elevated benzene levels in the home were strongly associated with small engines and gasoline stored in the garage. High concentrations of benzene in gasoline increase indoor air levels of benzene in residences with attached garages exposing people to benzene at levels above ATSDR’s minimal risk level. Residents reported more severe symptoms of asthma in the homes with high gasoline exposure (16%) where benzene levels exceeded the 9 ppb.
Effects of Time Point Measurement on the Reconstruction of Gene Regulatory Networks
Authors: Yan Wenying , Zhu Huangqion , Yang Yang , Chen Jiajia , Zhang Yuanyuan , Shen Bairong
Published: August 2010

With the availability of high-throughput gene expression data in the post-genomic era, reconstruction of gene regulatory networks has become a hot topic. Regulatory networks have been intensively studied over the last decade and many software tools are currently available. However, the impact of time point selection on network reconstruction is often underestimated. In this paper we apply the Dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) to construct the Arabidopsis gene regulatory networks by analyzing the time-series gene microarray data. In order to evaluate the impact of time point measurement on network reconstruction, we deleted time points one by one to yield 11 distinct groups of incomplete time series. Then the gene regulatory networks constructed based on complete and incomplete data series are compared in terms of statistics at different levels. Two time points are found to play a significant role in the Arabidopsis gene regulatory networks. Pathway analysis of significant nodes revealed three key regulatory genes. In addition, important regulations between genes, which were insensitive to the time point measurement, were also identified.
Spondyloarthritis in a Pediatric Population: Risk Factors for Sacroiliitis
Authors: STOLL MATTHEW L. , BHORE RAFIA , DEMPSEY-ROBERTSON MOLLY , PUNARO MARILYNN
Published: August 2010

Objective.

Pediatric rheumatologists may have an opportunity to diagnose sacroiliitis in its early stages, prior to the development of irreversible radiographic changes. Early diagnosis frequently requires magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the use of which is limited by expense and requirement for sedation. We set out to identify features of juvenile spondyloarthritis (SpA) associated with the highest risk of sacroiliitis, to identify patients who may be candidates for routine MRI-based screening.

Methods.

We reviewed the charts of 143 children seen at Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children diagnosed with SpA based on the International League of Associations for Rheumatology criteria for enthesitis-related arthritis or the Amor criteria for SpA. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for sacroiliitis.

Results.

A group of 143 children were diagnosed with SpA. Consistent with the diagnosis of SpA, 16% had psoriasis, 43% had enthesitis, 9.8% had acute anterior uveitis, and 70% were HLA-B27+. Fifty-three children had sacroiliitis, of which 11 cases were identified by imaging studies in the absence of suggestive symptoms or physical examination findings. Logistic regression analysis revealed that hip arthritis was a positive predictor of sacroiliitis, while dactylitis was a negative predictor.

Conclusion.

Children with SpA are at risk for sacroiliitis, which may be present in the absence of suggestive symptoms or physical examination findings. The major risk factor for sacroiliitis is hip arthritis, while dactylitis may be protective. Routine screening by MRI should be considered in patients at high risk of developing sacroiliitis.
Anti-Th/To Are Common Antinucleolar Autoantibodies in Italian Patients with Scleroderma
Authors: CERIBELLI ANGELA , CAVAZZANA ILARIA , FRANCESCHINI FRANCO , AIRÒ PAOLO , TINCANI ANGELA , CATTANEO ROBERTO , PAULEY BRAD A. , CHAN EDWARD K.L. , SATOH MINORU
Published: August 2010

Objective.

Patients with scleroderma (systemic sclerosis; SSc) can be classified into subsets based on autoantibody profile and clinical features. Specificities such as anti-Th/To and anti-fibrillarin (U3RNP) are detectable mainly by immunoprecipitation (IP), which is not widely used in clinical laboratories. We examined the autoantibody profiles and clinical manifestations in a cohort of Italian patients with SSc, focusing on anti-Th/To and anticentromere (ACA) antibodies, associated with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc).

Methods.

Sera from 216 consecutive patients with SSc were tested for ACA (by indirect immunofluorescence), antitopoisomerase I (topo I; by counterimmunoelectrophoresis), and anti-RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII; by ELISA). Forty-one sera negative for these specificities were tested by IP analysis of proteins (35S-methionine labeled K562 cell extract) and RNA (silver staining).

Results.

Among 216 SSc patients analyzed, anti-topo I, ACA, and anti-RNAPIII were detected in 38% (81/216), 31% (67/216) and 7% (15/216), respectively. Among 41 sera negative for ACA, anti-topo I, and anti-RNAPIII and which were tested by IP, 14 were nucleolar stain-positive. Eight out of 14 (57%) showed anti-Th/To reactivity, but no anti-U3RNP was found. In comparison with ACA-positive patients, anti-Th/To-positive patients were younger (p = 0.0046) and more commonly were male (p = 0.0006). All 8 anti-Th/To-positive and all but one ACA-positive patients had lcSSc. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pericarditis were more frequent in anti-Th/To-positive patients.

Conclusion.

Anti-Th/To are common in antinucleolar antibody-positive Italian patients with SSc. Anti-Th/To and ACA patients had lcSSc, with excellent prognosis. The anti-Th/To group had frequent pericarditis and ILD, although impairment of pulmonary function appeared mild.
Influence ofCD40rs1883832 Polymorphism in Susceptibility to and Clinical Manifestations of Biopsy-proven Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ LUIS , CASTAÑEDA SANTOS , VÁZQUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ TOMÁS R. , MORADO INMACULADA C. , MARÍ-ALFONSO BEATRIZ , GÓMEZ-VAQUERO CARMEN , MIRANDA-FILLOY JOSÉ A. , NARVAEZ JAVIER , ORTEGO-CENTENO NORBERTO , BLANCO RICARDO , FERNÁNDEZ-GUTIÉRREZ BENJAMÍN , MARTÍN JAVIER , GONZÁLEZ-GAY MIGUEL A.
Published: August 2010

Objective.

To assess the potential association betweenCD40rs1883832 polymorphism and biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA). We also studied the influence of the polymorphism on phenotypic expression of this vasculitis, in particular the development of visual ischemic manifestations.

Methods.

Three hundred five Spanish patients with biopsy-proven GCA and 788 matched controls were assessed. DNA from patients and controls was obtained from peripheral blood. Samples were genotyped for theCD40rs1883832 C/T polymorphism using a predesigned TaqMan allele discrimination assay and by polymerase chain reaction amplification.

Results.

Patients with GCA showed a trend toward a higher frequency of the minor allele homozygote of rs1883832 (TT) compared to healthy controls (12.1% vs 8.3%, respectively; p = 0.05, OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.98–2.40). Also, a marginally significant increased frequency of the minor allele T was observed in patients with GCA who had visual ischemic manifestations (36.9%) compared to those without visual ischemic manifestations (27.7%; p = 0.04, OR 1.53, 95% CI 0.99–2.34). In this regard, patients with GCA carrying the minor allele T (either TT or TC) experienced visual ischemic manifestations more commonly than those carrying the CC genotype (58.5% vs 44.2%; p = 0.04, OR 1.78, 95% CI 0.99–3.22).

Conclusion.

Our results suggest a potential implication of theCD40rs1883832 C/T polymorphism in susceptibility to visual ischemic manifestations in individuals with biopsy-proven GCA.
Ce que les bébés nous ont appris : un parcours de recherche
Authors: Keen Clifton Rachel
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ Au cours des quarante dernières années, l’image que l’on s’est fait du bébé comme un organisme en interaction avec l’environnement a énormément évolué. Dans les années 1960, un nouveau courant de recherches centrées sur le bébé a vu le jour et s’est développé de manière continue jusqu’à maintenant. La représentation du bébé a passé d’un organisme qui réagit de manière purement réflexe à un être compétent, réceptif et sensible aux signaux de son milieu. La controverse reste active autour de la question de savoir quand, dans son développement, le bébé acquiert une connaissance spécifique des objets et des événements. Les recherches récentes montrent comment les nouveau-nés et les bébés orientent leur comportement dans des situations difficiles. Les connaissances acquises grâce aux recherches de ces quarante dernières années sont importantes et nous nous trouvons au seuil de nouvelles découvertes encore plus passionnantes.
Du codage visuel au codage verbal : le rôle de l'apprentissage de la lecture
Authors: Bourdin Béatrice
Published: August 2010

La présente étude est destinée à tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’apprentissage de la lecture conduit les enfants de 6-7 ans à utiliser préférentiellement le codage verbal pour mémoriser un matériel verbal présenté visuellement (images) alors qu’auparavant ils avaient recours à un codage visuel. Afin de tester cette hypothèse, deux expériences ont été réalisées. La première a pour but d’évaluer les effets de similarité phonologique et visuelle auprès d’enfants de maternelle et de cours préparatoire « bons » et « faibles » lecteurs. Les résultats indiquent, d’une part, que seuls les enfants de cours préparatoire présentent un effet de similarité phonologique et, d’autre part, que l’effet de similarité visuelle est aussi important chez les enfants de maternelle que chez les « faibles » lecteurs. La seconde expérience cherche à mettre en évidence la relation causale recherchée à partir d’une étude longitudinale. Celle-ci évalue les effets de ressemblance phonologique et visuelle chez des enfants de même âge chronologique mais scolarisés soit en maternelle soit en première année primaire, c’est-à-dire ayant débuté ou non l’apprentissage de la lecture. L’utilisation d’un codage verbal apparaît progressivement au cours de la première année de scolarisation pour être utilisée de manière préférentielle en fin d’année (au mois de juin). Les résultats de ces deux expériences suggèrent que l’apprentissage de la lecture favorise l’utilisation du codage verbal et de la boucle phonologique pour mémoriser un matériel verbal présenté visuellement.
S'adapter à un changement de but imprévu : étude développementale
Authors: Bordes Laurianne , Baldy René , Devichi Claude
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ Nous étudions le développement de la capacité d’enfants de 6, 8 et 10 ans à s’adapter à un changement de but imprévu. Le paradigme expérimental consiste à faire apprendre aux enfants un dessin modèle soit pour le dessiner, soit pour le reconnaître parmi d’autres dessins. La phase test consiste pour tous les enfants à dessiner. Nous évaluons les performances au dessin produit dans chaque condition (condition « congruence de but » : les sujets ont appris le dessin pour le dessiner et le dessinent, et condition « non-congruence de but » : les sujets ont appris le dessin pour le reconnaître mais le dessinent) puis nous nous intéressons à l’écart entre ces deux performances. Les résultats montrent que l’écart de performances est significatif à 8 ans. Ils suggèrent que la capacité à faire face à un changement imprévu semble être liée au format de la représentation (imagé vs  verbal) élaborée par les enfants pour coder le dessin au moment de l’apprentissage.
Effet de discussions à visée philosophique sur le processus de génération d'idées
Authors: Auriac-Slusarczyk Emmanuèle
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ Deux classes d’élèves de CE2 et CM1 ont bénéficié pendant une année scolaire de discussions régulières à visée philosophique. Cette pratique pédagogique innovante produit des effets concernant le processus de génération d’idées. Les compétences pragmatiques développées par les élèves prennent l’aspect d’une sur-utilisation des liens dialogiques entre idées générées. Certains élèves disposent naturellement de ces compétences et les mettent à profit comme s’il s’agissait d’un style, tandis que d’autres adoptent ce style de génération lorsqu’ils sont entraînés à discuter. On interroge le bien-fondé de cette sur-utilisation en termes de bénéfice ou d’obstacle en termes développementaux.
Qualité des liens affectifs parentaux perçus et détresse psychologique à l'adolescence
Authors: Picard Louis , Claes Michel , Melançon Claudiane , Miranda Dave
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ Cette étude longitudinale a examiné les relations entre la qualité des liens affectifs perçus avec les parents et la présence de symptômes de détresse psychologique au début de l’adolescence. Un échantillon de 356 adolescents a été rencontré annuellement durant trois ans. Un questionnaire a mesuré la perception de la sollicitude et du rejet de la part de la mère et du père, ainsi que la présence éventuelle de symptômes de détresse psychologique. Les résultats de l’analyse de régression hiérarchique indiquent que la qualité perçue des relations avec chacun des parents apporte une contribution significative à la présence de symptômes de détresse sur une période de trois ans. L’étude qui a permis d’estimer la valeur prédictive spécifique de la sollicitude et du rejet parental indique que la présence chez les adolescents d’un sentiment du rejet parental semble être particulièrement néfaste sur l’ajustement psychologique. Les analyses ont également permis d’évaluer le rôle de diverses variables comme le sexe, l’âge et la structure familiale sur les liens parentaux et la détresse psychologique à l’adolescence.
Les histoires à compléter pour l'étude des représentations d'attachement
Authors: Bretherton Inge
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ L’étude des représentations d’attachement de l’enfant a débuté dans les années 1980. S’inspirant des travaux de Main, Kaplan et Cassidy montrant des corrélations entre les réponses de l’enfant au test d’anxiété de séparation (SAT) et les comportements d’attachement avec la mère, Bretherton et Ridgeway ont proposé les histoires d’attachement à compléter (ASCT), reposant sur la narration d’histoires avec la manipulation de figurines, d’une façon proche de la psychothérapie par le jeu. Cette procédure, selon ses auteurs, devrait améliorer la compréhension des histoires et la production narrative. Une échelle de sécurité a été proposée, basée sur la qualité de la résolution des histoires, la cohérence et l’ouverture émotionnelle du narratif (à l’opposé de l’évitement émotionnel ou l’enchaînement chaotique des événements). Les scores de sécurité des enfants de 3 ans se sont trouvés corrélés avec les comportements effectifs observés lors de réunions avec la mère. La procédure ASCT a ensuite été validée lors de plusieurs autres études avec des enfants de 3 ans ainsi qu’avec des enfants plus âgés, ceci dans plusieurs pays. Certaines de ces études ont utilisé d’autres systèmes de codage, dimensionnels ou typologiques. Des corrélations ont été montrées avec les catégories d’attachement des mères, avec la représentation de soi de l’enfant ou encore avec ses compétences sociales. Dans l’ensemble, ces études tendent à confirmer l’idée que les histoires à compléter reflètent bien certains aspects des modèles internes opérants de « soi en relation avec les parents ».
Représentations d'attachement d'enfants et troubles du comportement à l'école maternelle
Authors: Ongari Barbara
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ Plusieurs recherches indiquent que les représentations d’attachement avec les figures parentales peuvent influencer la qualité des relations sociales et l’adaptation au contexte sociale pendant l’âge préscolaire (Wartner, Grossmann, Fremmer-Bombik, & Suess, 1994 ; Verschueren, Marcoen, & Scöefs, 1996 ; Verschueren & Marcoen, 1999). Cette étude porte sur l’analyse des MIO d’attachement d’enfants présentant des comportements troublés et difficultés d’adaptation sociale à l’école maternelle. Une tâche narrative (The Attachment Story Completion Task ; Bretherton, Ridgeway, & Cassidy, 1990) a été proposée à 77 enfants (âge moyen 4,7 ans), tandis que le profil socio-affectif (Dumas, La Frenière, Capuano, & Durning, 1997) a été rempli pour 32 d’ eux par leurs enseignantes afin d’évaluer leur adaptation sociale. Les principaux résultats indiquent que les enfants présentant modèles insécurisés ou désorganisés d’attachement montrent aussi leur difficulté à faire face d’une manière adéquate aux interactions quotidiennes avec les pairs et les enseignantes.
Spécificité des Modèles internes opérants : les représentations d'attachement au père et à la mère chez des enfants de 3 à 5 ans
Authors: Bacro Fabien , Florin Agnès
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ Dans cette étude, les représentations d’attachement au père et à la mère de 138 enfants âgés de 3 à 5 ans ont été explorées séparément afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure elles sont liées et si leur contenu diffère. La procédure de codage de la tâche des histoires à compléter (Bretherton  et al., 1990), mise au point par l’équipe de Lausanne (cf. Miljkovitch  et al., 2003 ; Miljkovitch & Pierrehumbert, 2008), a été adaptée afin d’évaluer les caractéristiques des représentations d’attachement aux deux parents. Les résultats traités par analyse factorielle ont permis de distinguer quatre caractéristiques : la collaboration de l’enfant au cours de la tâche, l’expression appropriée des affects et les représentations du soutien et de la disponibilité parentale. Les résultats des analyses de corrélations et de variance indiquent que les représentations d’attachement au père et à la mère sont liées, mais seulement en partie. Les enfants expriment davantage d’affects appropriés aux situations décrites dans les histoires en les complétant avec la mère ; les 5 ans, comparés aux 3 ans, se représentent leur père comme étant encore plus disponible que leur mère. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que les enfants construisent des représentations spécifiques des relations d’attachement au père et à la mère et conduisent à reconsidérer la façon dont il convient de les explorer.
Copie d'une figure complexe et attention exécutive à l'âge préscolaire
Authors: Danis Agnès , Lefèvre Cécile , Devouche Emmanuel , Serres Josette , Prudhomme Nathalie , Bourdais Cécile , Pêcheux M.-G.
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ La présente recherche concerne l’organisation de l’attention exécutive d’enfants d’âge préscolaire lorsqu’on leur demande de copier, puis de reproduire de mémoire, un modèle complexe. Le modèle utilisé est la figure de Rey B (1959) qui associe 11 éléments simples (cercle, croix, etc.) en fonction de relations d’inclusion ou d’intersection. Les enfants ont de 3 à 6 ans. Un premier article (Lefèvre et al., 2007) a analysé les performances. Ici on considère les cibles vers lesquelles s’oriente le regard (modèle, copie, expérimentateur et ailleurs) et telles qu’elles peuvent être appréhendées par un enregistrement vidéo. Deux résultats ressortent de cette analyse : même les plus jeunes enfants centrent principalement leur attention sur la tâche, et les regards vers les différentes cibles ne dépassent pas quelques secondes, même pendant l’activité graphomotrice. Si les performances sont classées en quatre niveaux (gribouillis, éléments isolés, contacts ou intersections), on observe des liaisons significatives entre performance et attention : les regards ailleurs n’apparaissent que chez les plus jeunes enfants, qui produisent des gribouillis ; quand les éléments sont séparés, on observe plus de regards au modèle et à l’expérimentateur que dans le profil moyen ; le groupe « contact » recouvre différents types d’exploration, et pourrait donc être une étape de transition, cependant que le groupe « sécance » explore beaucoup le modèle. On discute de l’intérêt d’une telle situation pour apprécier l’attention exécutive des jeunes enfants.
Le nouveau-né prématuré : un modèle pour l'étude du développement du comportement alimentaire
Authors: Mellier Daniel , Marret Stéphane , Soussignan Robert , Schaal Benoist
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉ La naissance prématurée est exemplaire pour comprendre les événements les plus précoces de la formation des comportements alimentaires. La succession des modes d’alimentation pour subvenir aux besoins nutritifs de l’enfant (alimentation continue ou discontinue ; passive par sonde ou active au sein/biberon ; lait humain ou artificiel ; alimentation par mère ou soignants) ponctue en effet les étapes de la coordination succion-déglutition-respiration et sa capacité à réguler ces événements. Le contexte particulier des prises alimentaires, peu propice à l’exposition à la variété sensorielle (en particulier chimiosensorielle), croisé avec les singularités des pratiques parentales, compose la trame de parcours différenciés d’un enfant à l’autre et, ce faisant, des risques de perturbations futures. L’article propose quelques réflexions sur ces aspects et défend l’intérêt de suivis longitudinaux capables de dessiner les parcours développementaux des conduites alimentaires.
Les députés gaullistes de Midi-Pyrénées, 1958-1978
Authors: Chiaradia Éric
Published: August 2010

Résumé Il y a dix-neuf députés gaullistes en Midi-Pyrénées de 1958 à 1978. À la différence de la IV e  République, ces hommes installent le gaullisme électoral dans une terre hostile mais surtout dans des bastions solides de l’Aveyron et du Tarn. À partir des référendums gaulliens victorieux de 1958 et de 1962, avec l’aide du charisme du général de Gaulle, avec leur profil de notable classique semblable à celui de leurs adversaires de gauche et acclimaté aux contraintes du terroir, ils s’imposent dans une région éloignée de la capitale.
Reconfigurable Weblabs Based on the IEEE1451 Std.
Authors: Costa Ricardo JGSN , Alves Gustavo RC , Rela Mário Zenha
Published: August 2010

Technology plays a double role in Education: it can act as a facilitator in the teaching/learning process and it can be the very subject of that process in Science & Engineering courses. This is especially true when students perform laboratory activities where they interact with equipment and objects under experimentation. In this context, technology can also play a facilitator role if it allows students to perform experiments in a remote fashion, through the Internet, in a so-called weblab or remote laboratory. No doubt, the Internet has been revolutionizing the educational process in many aspects, and it can be stated that remote laboratories are just an angle of that on-going revolution. As any other educational tool or resource, the i) pedagogical approach and the ii) technology used in the development of a remote laboratory can dictate its general success or its ephemeral existence. By pedagogical approach we consider the way remote experiments address the process by which students acquire experimental skills and link experimental results to theoretical concepts. In respect to technology, we discuss different specification and implementation alternatives, to show the case where the adoption of a family of standards would positively contribute to a larger acceptance and utilization of remote laboratories, and also to a wider collaboration in their development.
The Reaction Wheel Pendulum: An Interactive Virtual Laboratory for Control Education
Authors: García Arturo , Duro Natividad , Dormido Raquel , Dormido Sebastián
Published: August 2010

This paper describes a virtual laboratory which illustrates a real-world application of fundamental control principles: the Reaction Wheel Pendulum. The goal of the paper is to motivate students to learn in a practical way different fundamental aspects of control processes. The laboratory has been developed using the programming support provided by Easy Java Simulations, an open-source tool for teachers with limited programming skills who want to create Java applications and applets.
ASSESSMENT OF FATIGUE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE LUMBAR EXTENSOR MUSCLES AMONGST SMOKES
Authors: Kumar Gideon Praveen
Published: August 2010

Background: Smoking has a number of well-documented negative effects on health. The seemingly common knowledge is that smoking causes low back pain. Cigarette smoking is associated with poor physical fitness and reduced muscle strength.1The specific effects of smoking on the efficacy of the lumbar extensors have been previously investigated where individuals with chronic low back pain often have weaker lumbar extensor muscles.2Rigorous exercises, however, reverse this weakness.

Hypothesis: This study hypothesizes that cigarette smoking is associated with deficits in the lumbar extensor strength that make the back susceptible to mechanical stress and injury.

Study Design: Cohort study.

Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the isometric lumbar extensor strength before and after fatigue challenge amongst smokers and nonsmokers. A pre-test and post-test design was used to determine the differences in the lumbar extensor endurance between smokers and nonsmokers.

Results: The result of the study confirms a relationship between reduced lumbar extensor strength and cigarette smoking. The negative impact of smoking on lumbar extensors suggests increased susceptibility to lumbar injuries and thereby low back pain.

Conclusions: Smokers demonstrated reduced muscle strength and fatigability of the lumbar extensors and they may perhaps be vulnerable to lumbar spine injuries. The study also confirmed that spinal extension exercises increased the endurance time of the lumbar extensor muscles.
Organizational Semantic Webs
Authors: Fortier Jean-Yves , Kassel Gilles
Published: August 2010

The main subject tackled in this article is the use of knowledge technologies to develop corporate memories or (stated more generally) “organizational memories” (OMs) (Dieng, Corby, Giboin, & Ribière, 1999).
A Butterfly of Masterly Adroitness
Authors: Dyring Annagreta
Published: August 2010

The Aurora butterfly has elegant antennae. This butterfly was discovered by the botanist Carl Linnaeus from the Swedish Province of Småland. The Latin name is Anthocharis meaning beautiful flower. It should be said that women view the world differently from men. In general a woman has other premises, other experiences, maybe even other values. Therefore science needs women. In addition they are needed statistically as an expression of our renowned equality.
Services Rendered By Computers and Their Explications
Authors: Nissen Hans-Erik
Published: August 2010

The chapter addresses services rendered by message transforming functions of computer programs. It starts by critically looking at some earlier ways to explicate these. It then presents an alternative approach on which to base such explications. Applying this approach it suggests some explications. The chapter ends with some conclusions.
Connection, Coupling, and Persistence in Online Social Networks
Authors: Caldwell Barrett S.
Published: August 2010

The rise of multiple online social network sites represents a new set of opportunities for persons to develop and sustain a variety of personal and professional personas with increasing ranges of access. In some cases, these sites allow individuals to enable or re-establish connections with members of a social network that are separated over time and distance. For instance, the author’s children are now able to find friends from elementary school, and reconnect with them as they enter into adulthood, providing renewals of relationships from childhood that in past eras might have dissolved. One child is also demonstrating professional development in an online social network community for musicians. New rules and considerations for social interaction and management reflect changing uses of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in a richly integrated Information Society. These considerations can be described in terms of mathematical properties of coupling, persistence, and work functions associated with accessing, sharing, and transitioning among multiple social representations that evolve and diverge over time.
Convergent Media Policy Issues for the Developing World
Authors: Mansilla Eduardo Villanueva
Published: August 2010

ICT4D policies tend to present two problems: they are designed without consideration of the larger role ICT play in society, especially regarding communication and cultural issues; and they are based on local effects, not considering the potential society-wide effects. This paper analyses this set of issues and proposes an approach that shifts the focus from the institutional focus of policy making to societal considerations that include the potential for cultural development, with emphasis in the need for digital independence, not just in terms of infrastructure, but also of production and consumption of media products based on a dynamic and dialogic community of users.
Engaged Scholars, Thoughtful Practitioners
Authors: Dray Susan M.
Published: August 2010

The current schism between academia and practice exists for many understandable reasons, mostly to do with the very different incentives and life realities that each face. However, it represents a dangerous threat to the legitimacy of the field of user-centered design. This article first discusses the fundamental differences between academics and practitioners, and then suggests a variety of ways that we each can work to break down the barriers so that together we can advance the field.
Integrating ‘Designerly’ Ways with Engineering Science
Authors: de Vere Ian , Melles Gavin
Published: August 2010

The fields of design and engineering both contribute to product design and development. Increasingly design teams require an integrated approach in environments where mutual understanding and respect replace traditional professional rivalries. These new synergies both enhance communication and understanding between designers and engineers and lead engineering into new areas of professional activity. Engineers are integral to the product development process, but change in product development and manufacturing requires new responsibilities; design engineers must assume a greater role to achieve successful product realisation. However, to be effective engineers must develop new skills; creative design ability, understanding of societal and environmental impacts and a human-centred approach. These themes, not typically addressed by engineering curricula are evident in a new approach to engineering education - product design engineering. This chapter addresses issues confronting product design and development and examines the emergence of this new engineering professional in response.
Stimulating Creativity and Innovation in and Around Organisations
Authors: Sørensen Kirsten Bonde
Published: August 2010

Companies are moving from an industrial strategic paradigm into a new paradigm where value co-creation has become a key issue. There are different levels of value co-creation but until now co-creation has often been operating on the outer edges of a company’s value chain. We are, however, moving towards a veritable revolution where value creation will be the core activity of the organisation and customers will act as co-producers, co-creating values (Normann, 2001). This chapter outlines different approaches and developments related to co-creation, but emphasizes the capacity of a design approach. The chapter also defines the challenges of co-creation and reports experiences from ongoing research in a bank. In this example the designer is the facilitator of this organisational process – arranging conversations and debates about the values of the community (Buchanan, 2006). Co-creation is also seen as a kind of rhetorical design communication about values, and rhetorical analysis of values (Perelman, 1969), and motives (Burke, 1969) are applied. The chapter outlines experiences, possibilities and challenges from an ongoing co-creation process in a bank: design of artifacts for co-creation, the creative session with people (inside and outside the company), and analysis and transformation of the responses into a creative and useful tool for the bank. Finally future challenges and possibilities are discussed.