bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of chromium from chromium-contaminated soil and physiological response of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) on treatments of biochar and mycorrhizae
Authors: Herliana Okti , Ahadiyat Yugi R , Cahyani Wilis , Anwar A H Syaeful
Published: October 2022

Food safety and soil degradation were the reasons to treat contaminated soil. Shallots are high-value commodities, so cultivation is carried out intensively. Continuous use of agrochemicals can cause heavy metal contamination. This study aimed to investigate chromium removal, physiological characters, and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) on biochar and mycorrhizae application on chromium-contaminated soil. A pot experiment was conducted at the screen house ex-farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University. The treatments tested consisted of two factors. The first factor was biochar dosage (B) consisting of 4 levels, i.e., B0 = without biochar, B1 = 1.2 g biochar kg-1 of soil, B2 = 2.4 g biochar kg-1 of soil, and B3 = 4.8 g biochar kg-1 of soil. The second factor was mycorrhizae inoculation consisting of 3 levels, i.e., M0 = without mycorrhizae, M1 = 0.1 g mycorrhizae kg-1 of soil, M2= 0.2 g mycorrhizae kg-1 of soil. The twelve treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the application of 1.2 g, 2.4 g, and 4.8 g biochar kg-1 of soil had been able to increase plant height and the percentage of root infection. The application of mycorrhizae 0.1 g and 0.2 g mycorrhizae kg-1 of soil was able to increase plant height, percentage of root infection, and plant tissue P uptake. Both applications of biochar and mycorrhizae increased plant height and the percentage of root infection by mycorrhizae.
Land management and crop cover effect on soil erosion in the humid lowlands of Beles River Sub-Basin, North-Western Ethiopia
Authors: Molla Getnet Asfawesen , Desta Gizaw
Published: October 2022

Soil erosion is the most devastating environmental crisis in Ethiopia where the loss of soil from cultivated land is almost seven times the tolerable limit; specifically, Nitisol is very susceptible to erosion. To investigate the response of land management and cropping practices on sediment loss, a field experiment was conducted under natural environment on Nitisol of Pawi area. Nine treatments combining two tillage methods (zero and conventional), four crop covers (continuous maize, continuous soya bean, rotated maize, and maize soya bean intercrop), and continuous bare fallow as control were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result showed that land management and crop cover significantly affect soil loss. Cultivation of crops without soil disturbance with full residue retention reduced soil loss by 6%, 36%, 36%, and 44% under soya bean, rotated maize, maize soya bean intercropping, and maize, respectively. Similarly, maize crop reduces soil loss by 34% under zero tillage management. Compared with conventionally managed maize crops, sediment concentration was also reduced by 14%, 17%, and 31%, maize with zero tillage, rotated maize with zero tillage, and maize soya bean intercropping with zero tillage, respectively. Except for zero-tilled maize soya bean intercropping and rotated maize, the seasonal soil loss was above the tolerable soil loss level of Ethiopia (2-10 t ha-1). This indicates there is a need for other management practices like physical and agronomic soil conservation methods to lower soil loss rates below the tolerable limit. Generally, zero tillage with greater crop cover is an appropriate approach to reduce soil loss by improving soil hydrological properties without negatively affecting grain yield. To understand and quantify the long-term impact of tillage and crop cover on soil health and productivity in Ethiopia long-term study is needed as this study was based on one-year data from four years of permanent plots.
School Bullying: The Intolerable Evil in Children’s Growth
Authors: Zhou Longjun
Published: October 2022

As a result of the fundamental economic, cultural, and social transformations of the past several years, the structure and order of society face the challenge of a perpetually growing anomie. In education, the growing occurrence of school bullying is exemplified by the perpetrators’ younger ages and use of violence, as well as the aggravated consequences. The alarming prevalence of school bullying has not only aroused the attention of the public and the media but also prompted increased academic debate and study on the subject.
Studying the Effects of Organic and Hydraulic Shock Loads on the Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) By Using GPS-X Mathematical Model
Authors: Jamal Mabrouki
Published: October 2022

Membrane-based systems (MBR) used in wastewater treatment have many advantages over conventional activated sludge processes. They have proven to be very effective in removing organic and inorganic contaminants as well as biological entities from water. The objective of this work is to propose an optimal operation of the bioreactor after having detailed in the relationships between the nature of the sludge, its conditions is obtaining the performance of the membrane using a simulation software (GPS-X). The effects of organic and hydraulic shock loads on the MBR system were also studied. The GPS-X simulation program was used in this study to simulate the membrane bioreactor setup. The BOD removal system we used was 78%. In addition, the MBR system has a significant capacity due to the hydraulic shock load of the operation and the process efficiency for the MBR installation due to this shock load based on BOD removal was reduced up to 65%. The MBR system has a good ability to handle the organic shock loads of the operation with no significant loss in treatment efficiency. The treatment efficiency of the MBR system, due to organic shock loads based on BOD removal, decreased slightly to 80%, however, it is shown how their properties determine the extent of sludge fouling in the membrane. Based on these results, operational conditions favoring a reduction of fouling are proposed.
Monitoring and Evaluation of the Performance of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems for the Treatment of the Central Danone Plant
Authors: Toufik Rachiq , Karima Azoulay , Imane Bencheikh , Jamal Mabrouki , Khadija El-Moustaqim , Naif Al-Jadabi , Souad El Hajjaji , Sabir Rahal
Published: October 2022

The objective of the present work is to monitor and control the physicochemical quality of the osmosis water that feeds the dairy industry in our case the Danone plant (DP) "Factory of Salé", for good production and use without no risk. The drilling water treatment and purification technique applied in the Danone plant is reverse osmosis. The approach of this membrane technique at a pressure gradient, allows obtaining good quality water for use in the various activities of the plant. During a 30-day period, we tested the pH, conductivity, alkalinity, hydrometric title, total alkalinity, chlorides content and chlorine content on water drawn from the borehole, the 1μ filter output, the treated output A and the treated water. The results of the experimental analyzes generally comply with the standards imposed within the plant, with the exception of a few days where cleaning of the membranes is necessary.
The Efficiency of Educational and Healthcare public expenditures in Kosovo: A Data Envelopment Analysis Technique
Authors: Elshani Alban , Pula Lekë
Published: October 2022

This paper evaluates the performance and efficiency of the government public expenditure in the education and health sectors in the emerging economies context, specifically comparing Kosovo with the Western Balkan countries. The indicators of education and health sectors were used to assess a Public Sector Performance Index (PSP) and the Public Sector Efficiency Index (PSE). Also, this study uses the nonparametric method DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to evaluate the input-output oriented efficiency. This study finds that education score of performance ranges from 0.43 which is the minimum to 1.48 which is the maximum. And in the health sector, the PSP score ranges from 0.81 which is the minimum to 1.09 which is the maximum. Kosovo ranks 41st out of 42 countries in this sample, in terms of the education sector, with a performance index of 0.67, which is 37% below the average of 1.00, whilst in terms of the health sector it ranks 39th out of 42 countries in the sample.In the analysis of the input output efficiency model in the education sector, the results show that the countries included in the study achieve an efficiency of 76.69 and it means that countries can reduce relevant public expenditure by 23.3% and maintain the same level of PSP in the education sector. Kosovo is assessed in this analysis as an inefficient country. The value of the input-oriented index is 40.24, which means that Kosovo can achieve the same level of performance in the education sector by using 60% less relative public expenditure, whilst, on the other hand, the input-output efficiency results for the health sector show that the efficiency score for countries is 47.64, and denotes that the countries in the sample could reduce 53% in health expenditure to achieve the same performance in the health sector. Thus, Kosovo compared to other countries in the sample is within the limits of production opportunities and uses public expenditure on health and education inefficiently.
Interaction of protoporphyrinix (PPIX) and 5-amino levulinic acid (ALA) in nanoemulsion
Authors: Iwunze Maurice O
Published: October 2022

Nanoemulsion is an interesting and unique fluid system in that it is used to solubilize both ionic and non-ionic molecules. Because of its uniqueness it has been used as a medium for drug delivery. It is therefore used in this work to study the interaction of Protoporphyrin (PPIX) and 5-Amino levulinic acid (ALA). While ALA is a distant precursor of PPIX, PPIX itself is not only a precursor of Heme but also a photosensitizer in the modality of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). Both compounds are used use in PDT regimen. A steady-state fluorescence technique is used for the study of the interaction of these very important biological compounds. It is found that ALA quenches the fluorescence of PP IX in nanoemulsion. This observed quenching is diffusion controlled. The bimolecular quenching constant, kq, was determined as 2.86x 1010/M-s with an interaction constant, Ka, of 4.48 x 105 with the free energy of interaction, ΔGa of -32.234kJ/mole.
Ukraine in the 19th century: populace and empires
Authors:   Institute of History of Ukraine, Shandra Valentyna , Arkusha Olena ,   Institute of History of Ukraine
Published: October 2022

he history of Ukrainian populace living under two monarchies — Habsburg and Romanov — during the “long nineteenth century” that spans the period in European history from the Great French Revolution to the World War I is reflected. Geopolitical changes caused by the disappearance of the Hetmanate, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Crimean Khanate from the European map, the incorporation of their territories into the Austrian and Russian empires are traced. The peculiarities of relations between imperial power and local communities are described, in particular, attitude to religion as an important component of identity, the use of their potentials in imperial interests, first of all for the military seizure of new territories. Against all odds, Ukrainians managed to preserve their own cultural and intellectual space where the comprehension of reality, ways to change it and seeking Ukraine’s place in the world were occurring, which has become the key to all-Ukrainian unity. For a wide audience.
Amber Beads from Slavic Early Medieval Sites: Analysis of the Source Base
Authors:   PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Early Slavic Archaeology, the Institute of Archaeology of the NAS of Ukraine, Volodarets-Urbanovych Yaroslav , Nesterovskyi Viktor ,   Prof., Dr. Hab., Director of the Geological Museum of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University
Published: October 2022

In the article amber beads from Slavic sites of the early Middle Ages are presented. A catalogue was compiled, which included information on 21 archaeological monuments and complexes. These locations are divided into three regions of concentration. Such finds come from the hoards of Martynivka and Pastyrske circles and the Pastyrske hill-fort, inhumated burials (Mokhnach, Balaklia) and the hill-forts of the Kolochyn culture. According to the number of finds, the monuments and complexes can be divided into six groups (fig. 2): 1 — the number of finds is unknown; 2 — with the number of finds from one to eight beads; 3 — complexes with the number of finds of about one and a half dozen copies of amber beads; 4 — with about 20 beads; 5 — a burial from Balaklia, where 30 beads were found; 6 — a burial from Mokhnach with 117 items. At least 285 amber beads come from Slavic monuments. However, the number of finds in some of the complexes is unknown. Only 132 items are defined typologically. As a result of morphological analysis, seven types were identified based on general outlines, which were divided into variants based on the section (fig. 3; Table 2). All of these types were found in the hoards of Martynivka and Pastyrske circles, on the sites and in complexes associated with these two chronological groups. Only the materials of Demydivka settlement indicate the beginning of the existence of type 1 within the second half of the 5th — beginning / first half of the 6th centuries. Amber beads are not typical for the materials of previous Proto-Slavic archaeological cultures. They are known only on a few monuments of the Kyiv culture (Table. 3; fig. 11). Finds of amber beads are unknown for the materials of the Volyntseve, Romny and Raiky cultures. Amber beads appear only in Kyivan Rus period. The analysis and comparison of beads from two complexes — Khyttsi hoard and the collection of Kolomak region were carried out. An analysis of scientific publications, the geological situation of the region and direct research of artefacts by laboratory methods allows us to draw the following conclusions: - amber from all the monuments may be of local origin or imported from the deposits of the Right-Bank of the Dnipro River; - processing of amber was carried out by local craftsmen. To do so, they used a grinding stone (sandstone) and a polishing material (clay), which was applied to a cloth or felt. Holes were drilled mechanically using a metal flattened at the end of the needle. The shape of the beads generally depended on the primary morphology of the found amber fragments and did not differ in complexity. The most time-consuming, in our opinion, is a round disk-shaped one, since for its manufacture it was necessary to obtain a flat, even surface on both sides.
Cocklebur in the Archaeological Chronicle of Ukraine
Authors:   Ph D, Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Archaeology, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Horbanenko Serhii
Published: October 2022

In the article, data on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) finds from the archaeological sites of modern Ukraine is collected and organized. Three of them come from the Scythian period sites. The first find (Bilsk, Poltava Oblast) comes from random sample. Two more finds (Tsyrkuny and Novoselivka, Kharkiv Oblast) are represented by prints on clay objects. They were discovered as a result of a purposeful inspection of ceramics in order to search for palaeoethnobotanical materials. Two other items were found on ancient Rus sites, where burnt material was collected. In the first case (Manzheliia, Poltava Oblast) the material was examined during the classical excavations. Palaeoethnobotanical remains were in clearly visible accumulations. In the second case (Peresopnytsia, Rivne Oblast) the material was obtained by soil flotation. The territory of modern Ukraine is located at the crossroads of land routes and waterways of Eurasia. It is a part of the path of constant migration from Asia to Europe. We can assume that at least in the early Iron Age, due to the nomads, the common cocklebur had already reached the territory of modern Ukraine. The earlier appearance of this plant in the area can be considered purely hypothetically, only on the grounds that in the western territories it was discovered at the sites of the end of the Bronze Age / beginning of the Early Iron Age. According to isolated materials from the Scythian period sites and from ancient Rus dwellings in Peresopnytsia, it is difficult to assume something about the use of common cocklebur. According to the materials from Manzhelia (several dozens of fruits), it is possible to presume purposeful collecting of cocklebur, probably as a medicinal plant. The presented findings are important for the restoration of the penetration history of common cocklebur into Europe.
Ventilator Management in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Elgin Timothy G. , Berger Jennifer N. , Thomas Brady A. , Colaizy Tarah T. , Klein Jonathan M.
Published: October 2022

Advances in ventilation strategies for infants in the NICU have led to increased survival of extremely preterm infants. More than 75% of infants born at less than or equal to 27 weeks’ gestation require initial mechanical ventilation for survival due to developmental immaturity of their lungs and respiratory drive. Various ventilators using different technologies and involving multiple management strategies are available for use in this population. Centers across the world have successfully used conventional, high-frequency oscillatory and high-frequency jet ventilation to manage respiratory failure in extremely preterm infants. This review explores the existing evidence for each mode of ventilation and the importance of individualizing ventilator management strategies when caring for extremely preterm infants.
Paternal Perinatal Depression in Modern-Day Fatherhood
Authors: Chavis Antwon T.
Published: October 2022

Postpartum depression in new mothers has become a widely recognized public health concern. Paternal perinatal depression (PPND) and the mental health of fathers in the perinatal period continues to receive significantly less public attention. Overall prevalence rates of up to 25% have been documented in first-time fathers. The presence of maternal depression, unsatisfactory couple relationships, and certain psychosocial and biological risk factors are associated with poor paternal bonding and increased depression risk. Depressed fathers experience excessive self-criticism, restlessness, irritability, and aggression rather than low mood. Depression in new fathers can lead to drug and alcohol abuse, food behavior disorders, and lack of impulse control. PPND leads to developmental delay, mental health disorders, and emotional or behavioral problems in the offspring. PPND may also adversely affect a child’s ability to learn new information, with lasting intellectual and scholastic consequences. There currently are no official criteria to diagnose PPND, and neither are there validated screening tools available to fathers. A family-focused approach should be considered in place of the historically gender-focused mood assessment. Nontraditional interventions such as Internet communities, e-therapy, or group workshops are shown to combat a father’s contextual understanding of therapy. Group therapy with integrated cognitive behavioral therapy can address masculine norms surrounding the parenting roles of fathers and can help cultivate support networks that are otherwise absent among new dads. PPND is ideally addressed by the adoption of a father-inclusive model of care that shifts the parenting paradigm and provides emotional and parenting support to men as they experience their new role as dad.
Cerebral Palsy: Current Concepts and Practices in Musculoskeletal Care
Authors: Sheu Jonathan , Cohen Dorian , Sousa Ted , Pham Kelly L. D.
Published: October 2022

Cerebral palsy is a neurologic disorder characterized by a spectrum of motor and cognitive deficits resulting from insults to the developing brain. The etiologies are numerous and likely multifactorial; an increasing portion of cases may be attributable to genetic causes, although the exact mechanisms responsible remain poorly understood. Major risk factors include intrauterine stroke and prematurity and neonatal infection, trauma, and hypoxia, which may occur in the prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal period. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) is a widely used tool to establish a child’s level of function and to guide treatment; however, additional metrics are necessary to formulate long-term prognoses. Goals of care are to maximize function and independence, which directly correlate with overall quality of life, and family participation is key to establishing goals early in treatment. Nonpharmaceutical treatments include physical, occupational, and speech therapy, as well as bracing, equipment, and technology. There is a breadth of medical interventions for managing hypertonia, including medications, botulinum toxin injections, intrathecal baclofen pumps, and selective dorsal rhizotomy. Orthopedic interventions are indicated for symptomatic or progressive musculoskeletal sequelae. Treatments for dysplastic hips and/or hip instability range from soft tissue releases to bony procedures. Neuromuscular scoliosis is managed with posterior spinal fusion because bracing is ineffective against these rapidly progressive curves. The degree of care varies considerably depending on the child’s baseline GMFCS level and functional capabilities, and early screening, diagnosis, and appropriate referrals are paramount to initiating early care and maximizing the child’s quality of life.
Role of high-resolution ultrasonography in the evaluation of the tibial and median nerves in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Ranjan Tanu , Chandak Shruti , Malhotra Ankur , Aggarwal Arjit , Haria Jigar , Singla Deepak
Published: October 2022

Aim: To evaluate and measure the mean cross-sectional area of the tibial and median nerves in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and to study the association between high-resolution ultrasonographic findings in diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the duration of illness, glycosylated haemoglobin values, random blood sugar levels, and aesthesiometry (using monofilament examination). Material and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among 63 patients who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and underwent ultrasound and monofilament examinations. The cross-sectional area of the median nerve of the dominant hand and the tibial nerves was calculated on ultrasound examination. Results: The mean cross-sectional area of the median and tibial nerves was higher in patients with poor glycaemic control, with the mean cross-sectional area of the median nerve being 10.9, 12.8, 13.0, and 12.9 mm2 at various points in the leg in cases where the monofilament examination was negative, as compared to 7.30, 7.78, 7.91, 7.87 mm2 in patients with positive monofilament examination results. There was a significant positive correlation between the cross-sectional area of the tibial and median nerves and HbA1c, duration of diabetes, aesthesiometry, and random blood sugar levels. With an increase in HbA1c, duration of diabetes, and random blood sugar levels, there was a corresponding increase in the cross-sectional area of the nerves. These findings helped us to identify diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Conclusions: High-resolution ultrasonography along with aesthesiometry and HbA1c values can be an effective and easily available tool for detecting changes secondary to diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The method has a potential to replace or substitute nerve conduction tests in the near future.
Correlation of sonographic parameters with renal function in patients with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease
Authors:   Department of Radiodiagnosis, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India, Garg Aborishi , Jhobta Anupam ,   Department of Radiodiagnosis, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India, Kapila Sumala ,   Department of Radiodiagnosis, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India, Rathour Devesha ,   Department of General Surgery, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
Published: October 2022

Aims: To correlate sonographic renal parameters (mean renal cortical thickness, length and volume) with renal functions in patients with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease. To predict the best renal parameter correlating with renal functions in patients with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease. Material and methods: A hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla, in 78 adults with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease visiting the hospital from December 2019 to November 2020. Results: A statistically significant positive correlation was found between eGFR and mean renal length, mean renal cortical thickness, and mean renal volume (p <0.001).The strongest correlation was shown between mean renal volume and eGFR (r = 0.90, r2 = 0.82; p-value <0.001). Conclusions: Renal volume and cortical thickness should be considered along with traditional renal parameters.
Domain Adaptation and Multi-Domain Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation: A Survey
Authors: Saunders Danielle
Published: October 2022

The development of deep learning techniques has allowed Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models to become extremely powerful, given sufficient training data and training time. However, systems struggle when translating text from a new domain with a distinct style or vocabulary. Fine-tuning on in-domain data allows good domain adaptation, but requires sufficient relevant bilingual data. Even if this is available, simple fine-tuning can cause overfitting to new data and catastrophic forgetting of previously learned behaviour.
We survey approaches to domain adaptation for NMT, particularly where a system may need to translate across multiple domains. We divide techniques into those revolving around data selection or generation, model architecture, parameter adaptation procedure, and inference procedure. We finally highlight the benefits of domain adaptation and multidomain adaptation techniques to other lines of NMT research.
Нарративный анализ спроса на инновации в российской экономике
Authors: Вольчик Вячеслав Витальевич , Фурса Елена Владимировна
Published: October 2022

В статье анализируются нарративы акторов российской инновационной системы (бизнес, государственное управление, академические организации), в которых отражаются значимые идеи и убеждения о формировании спроса на инновации, а также причинно-следственные связи, которые могут соотноситься или противоречить экономическим теориям. Для качественного нарративного исследования была использована база данных, состоящая из 43 рейтинговых средств массовой информации и интернет-ресурсов, которые были отобраны в системе «Медиалогия». На основе этой базы данных было выявлено 229 нарративов, посвященных проблемам низкого спроса на инновации. Проведенный анализ позволил выделить пять групп протомоделей, представляющих собой упрощенные объяснительные модели, которые содержат информацию о социальном контексте, факторах, причинах и механизмах формирования низкого спроса на инновации в России: наличие значительных трансакционных издержках при взаимодействии бизнеса и академических организаций; отсутствие достаточных стимулов российского бизнеса к активной инновационной деятельности; отсутствие воспроизводящихся эффективных механизмов раскрепощения, стимулирования и восходящей имплементации низовых инициатив акторов российской инновационной системы; низкая эффективность реализации трех функций институтов российской инновационной системы (поддержание стабильности осуществления трансакций, защита прав собственности и снижение трансакционных издержек); дефицит доверия между акторами российской инновационной системы.
Программа «Дальневосточный гектар»: ритуализация машины развития
Authors: Журавская Татьяна Николаевна , Рыжова Наталья Петровна
Published: October 2022

В статье анализируется программа «Дальневосточный гектар» как пример ритуализированной бюрократической машины развития. Рассматривается эмпирический вопрос, почему этот противоречивый проект, вызывающий всеобщий скепсис, преподносится официальными властями как модельный и успешный. Авторы обращаются к альтернативной схеме анализа ритуалов, предложенной К. Хамфри и Дж. Лэйдлоу, которые отказываются от поиска смысла ритуального действия в пользу ритуализации как механизма легитимации власти. Теоретически авторы расширяют аргумент Дж. Фергюсона о проектах развития как антиполитических машинах, утверждая, что проекты необязательно ведут к деполитизации несправедливого распределения ресурсов и вопросов бедности. Показано, что, хотя формальные индикаторы говорят об успешности реализации программы, все же корректно характеризовать ее термином «провал». Несмотря на все усилия, добиться массового переселения на восток и значимых инвестиций в землю не удалось. Спустя два года после начала реализации программы демографическая повестка постепенно ушла в тень, уступив место идее «жить и работать на своей земле». Показано, что при этом реальные практики освоения земли отличаются от активно обсуждаемых и продвигаемых операторами. Анализируя образ Дальнего Востока и дальневосточников, а также разрыв формируемого образа программы и реальных практик (не)освоения земли, авторы приходят к выводу, что программа превращается в бюрократический ритуал, легитимирующий присутствие центральной власти на периферии. Эмпирические данные получены в ходе полевых исследований, проводимых авторами с 2016 года в южных регионах Дальнего Востока (интервью, этнография); помимо этого, авторы используют также первичные данные о заявках, открытые источники и официальные документы.
Защищающиеся. Оборонительные функции сообществ в городских конфликтах (на материалах г. Новосибирска)
Authors: Скалабан Ирина Анатольевна , Сергеева Зоя Николаевна , Лобанов Юрий Сергеевич
Published: October 2022

С ускорением развития крупных городов усиливается сопротивление жителей изменениям, воспринимаемым ими как угроза идентичности и качеству жизни. Оно осуществляется в широком диапазоне стратегий – от пассивных (закрытие территории и сообщества) до активных (конфликт). Неприятие изменений усиливает оборонительные функции действующих сообществ и стимулирует появление оборонительных (защищающихся) сообществ. Статья посвящена поиску теоретических рамок изучения и исследованию их сущности, видов и маркеров как специфических субъектов городских конфликтов. Эмпирическим материалом для анализа послужили 101 кейс городских конфликтов в Новосибирске за последние 10 лет, 40 интервью участников и экспертов, контент-анализ медиаресурсов и тематических городских и локальных пабликов. Под оборонительным сообществом в статье понимается активная группа жителей, которые объединяются для защиты локального социального, физического пространства или города в целом от изменений, не соответствующих представлениям его членов о желательном текущем состоянии или развитии. Их характерной чертой является превалирование негативных целей (ориентация на избегание нежелательных будущих состояний) над позитивными (достижение осознанно желательных будущих состояний). Основными триггерами городских конфликтов, способствующими актуализации оборонительных функций, становятся проекты в сфере девелопмента, городского хозяйства и благоустройства. Исследование показало, что вероятность возникновения оборонительных сообществ выше в социально и территориально изолированных пространствах с устойчивыми внутрипоколенными связями жителей, экономически благополучным населением, высоким образовательным уровнем и образом «прекрасного прошлого». Будучи сообществами проекта, оборонительные сообщества строятся вокруг достижения конкретной цели, и прекращение их активности по завершении проекта представляется вполне естественным. Однако накопленный совместный опыт, сплоченность ядра сообщества, персональные характеристики лидеров открывают возможности для сохранения устойчивости, а наличие гибкой структуры, ядра и широкой группы поддержки позволяет реагировать новыми конфликтами на вновь возникающие угрозы либо включаться в процессы развития территории, становясь источником гражданской и социальной компетентности горожан.
Экономика усыновления: любовь и/или деньги
Authors: Галиндабаева Вера Валериевна , Карбаинов Николай Иванович
Published: October 2022

В статье рассматривается, как работает экономика усыновления в России, или, другими словами, как происходят экономические обмены между приемными родителями и детьми, когда нормативно поощряется альтруистическое поведение, а извлечение экономической прибыли стигматизируется. Эмпирическая база исследования включает 88 полуструктурированных интервью, дневник наблюдения, документы и фотоматериалы по теме исследования. Опираясь на концепт реляционной работы В. Зелизер, авторы анализируют экономические обмены между членами приемных семей и выделяют две основные реляционные комбинации, которые складываются в приемных семьях: квазиродительскую и контрактную. Экономические обмены в квазиродительской комбинации происходят в логике долгосрочных взаимоотношений, а в контрактных, наоборот, в краткосрочной логике. Квазиродительские реляционные комбинации складываются в большинстве семей независимо от формы устройства ребенка. Исследование показало, что материальные мотивы к созданию приемных семей не противоречат установлению близких эмоциональных отношений между приемными родителями и детьми.
Oral health status and treatment needs of soft drink factory workers of Bareilly City: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Nandita Gautam , Ankita Chandak , Isha Saxena , Shaurya Upadhyay , Vaitarni Garg
Published: October 2022

Background: General health is closely related to oral health. Communication is made simpler and a person’s dignity and individuality are enhanced by optimum dental health. The working conditions of soft drink industry employees affected their oral health. Objective: To determine the level of oral condition and treatment requirements for soft drink employees in Bareilly City. Method: 175 employees of soft drink factories participated in cross-sectional research. The individuals gave their informed consent and we received ethical approval. The 2013 WHO Oral Health Assessment Form for Adults was used to get the findings. Results: The findings indicate a higher frequency of oral health issues among soft drink industry workers, including dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal pockets, loss of attachment, fluorosis and tooth erosion. Conclusion: According to the survey, these soft drink industry employees have poor oral health and require more dental care than usual.
Online Scaffolding Strategies: Case Studies of Asian EFL Learners in an Academic Writing Course
Authors: Kitjaroonchai Nakhon , Phutikettrkit Chomphunut
Published: October 2022

The article reported a case study investigating the scaffolding strategies of twelve Asian EFL learners in four small groups’ scaffolding strategies during two online collaborative writing (OCW) tasks in a composition course using Google Docs as a writing platform. Of interest was how EFL learners with different L1 scaffold each other while co-constructing OCW tasks, and also if scaffolding strategies used       during OCW tasks influence writing performance. Data collection included pre-test and post-test writing, two OCW tasks on descriptive and argumentative essays, learners’ use of scaffolding and non-scaffolding negotiations during OCW tasks observed through Google Docs revision history, and student reflection. The findings showed that learners in small groups employed both scaffolding and non-scaffolding dialogues to jointly construct their OCW tasks by giving advice, providing suggestions, responding to questions or requests, asking questions, or clarifying ideas. Learners who contributed more texts directed their team and initiated both scaffolding negotiations and non-negotiations while performing group work. The study results also revealed that members who employed more scaffolding negotiations during their OCW processes likely produced a better quality of writing in their post-test. Nevertheless, these findings indicated that members in small groups benefited from both scaffolding and non-scaffolding negotiations as they helped in task revisions. The findings contributed to research that has investigated online scaffolding strategies in EFL learners’ collaborative writing tasks.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence, Bio Terrorism and Corporate Culture in Society: A Post-Modernist Critique on ‘Windup Girl’
Authors: Priyadharshini S. Sarayu , Patchainayagi S.
Published: October 2022

Bio Terrorism is a form of terrorism in which biological agents such as pathogens, fungi, viruses, and toxins are deliberately unleashed onto the world in order to kill a wide range of humans. Bio punk theory investigates the ramifications that are most commonly associative to the rapid advances made in the field of biotechnology, synthetic biology, and agricultural biotechnology. Bio Punk is the futuristic derivative of cyberpunk theory, subgenre of science fiction. Paolo Bacigalupi's "Windup Girl" depicts the impact of corporate culture and how an advance in biotechnology eventually leads to bioterrorism. This article delves into the topic of Artificial Intelligence, bioterrorism, corporate culture, and its impact on people and society.
Maritime Lexicon as Language Identity of Coastal Community in Tuban Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sartini Ni Wayan , Sanubarianto Salimulloh T.
Published: October 2022

The coastal community of Tuban Regency has a distinctive language identity. This language identity becomes a distinguishing element with the surrounding speech community. It appears in the marine lexicon they use. This study aims to examine the linguistic identity by describing (1) the linguistic situation of the community, (2) the marine lexicon, which is their language identity, and (3) the relationship between the lexicon and its socio-cultural conditions in terms of Redfield's theory. The researcher collected data by observation and interviews in an ethnolinguistic framework to achieve this. The results of the study show (1) the linguistic situation of the coastal community of Tuban Regency has Mataraman Javanese as their mother tongue but is interfered with Arek Javanese and Madurese languages. (2) The naming of fish, ship parts, fishing equipment and fishing activities becomes a marine lexicon as a marker of the language identity of the speech community. (3) The marine lexicon is also a link to the socio-cultural conditions of coastal communities following Redfield's theory, namely coastal communities in small town areas that are developing. However, these coastal communities do not develop in harmony with the surrounding social communities.
Inequity in access to vaccines: the failure of the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ugalde Antonio , Hellmann Fernando , Homedes Núria
Published: October 2022

This article summarizes the strategies used to rapidly develop COVID-19 vaccines and distribute them globally, with an emphasis on vaccines developed in western nations. It is based on interviews and information gathered regarding the response to the pandemic, both from international organizations and official documents from Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico. While vaccine development has been hailed as successful, their global distribution has been highly unequal. We look at how the pandemic succeeded in mobilizing large quantities of government resources, and how citizens volunteered their bodies so that clinical trials could be completed quickly. However, patents prevented the expansion of manufacturing capacity, and the governments of a few wealthy countries prioritized the protection – and in some cases overprotection – of their citizens at the expense of protecting the rest of world’s population. Among the major beneficiaries of the global response to the pandemic are the leading vaccine companies, their executives, and investors. The article concludes with some of the lessons learned in this process.
Carbon/NiO Compositional Fibers
Authors: Mansurov Z.A. , Smagulova G.T. , Imash A.A. , Taurbekov A.T. , Elouadi B. , Kaidar B.B.
Published: October 2022

This article presents the results of the synthesis of carbon-NiO composite fibers. Fibers doped with NiO particles are of practical interest for applications in sensors, energy storage systems, photocatalysts, etc. Four-component initial fibers based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN), activated carbon (AC), coal tar pitch (CTP), and NiO particles were obtained. CTP was obtained by thermal treatment of coal tar, AC by carbonization of apricot kernels, NiO by solution combustion synthesis. PAN, CTP, and AC are a source of carbon, but each of them plays a specific role. PAN is the basis of carbon fibers and a fiber-forming material, CTP is a technogenic waste added to replace polymer particles, AC is an additive that could increase the carbon content and the porosity of the final fibers. The fibers were obtained using the electrospinning method, which makes it possible to use complex suspensions and obtain fibers of various diameters. PAN:CTP:AC:NiO fibers were obtained. Next, the processes of stabilization and carbonization of the fibers were carried out. The fibers at each stage were examined by scanning electron microscopy and EDAX. The result of the synthesis was carbon/NiO fibers with a diameter of 100‒300 nm. The resulting fibers are promising for practical applications due to the one-dimensional structure of the fibers and better adhesion between the fiber and NiO particles.
Hydrogen Production from Coal Industry Methane
Authors: Matus Е.V. , Ismagilov I.Z. , Mikhaylova E.S. , Ismagilov Z.R.
Published: October 2022

Coal industry methane is a fossil raw material that can serve as an energy carrier for the production of heat and electricity, as well as a raw material for obtaining valuable products for the chemical industry. To ensure the safety of coal mining, rational environmental management and curbing global warming, it is important to develop and improve methods for capturing and utilizing methane from the coal industry. This review looks at the scientific basis and promising technologies for hydrogen production from coal industry methane and coal production. Technologies for catalytic conversion of all types of coal industry methane (Ventilation Air Methane – VAM, Coal Mine Methane – CMM, Abandoned Mine Methane – AMM, Coal-Bed Methane – CBM), differing in methane concentration and methane-to-air ratio, are discussed. The results of studies on the creation of a number of efficient catalysts for hydrogen production are presented. The great potential of hybrid methods of processing natural coal and coal industry methane has been demonstrated.
Utilization of The Thrasher and Rice Mill Machines in Composition Function Learning: A Hypothetical Learning Trajectory Design
Authors: Masamah Ulfa , Sumardani Dadan
Published: October 2022

The study aims to design mathematics learning in composite function concepts with farm tools, which are thrasher and rice mill machines; this farm’s tool is used as to starting point in the learning process. The research method used is design research with a  preliminary design, design experiment, and analysis retrospective stages. This study describes the design of the thrasher and rice mill machine to facilitate a real contribution for student understanding of the composite function concept. The participant of this research is 10 eleventh-grade students from one of the senior high school in East Java. The results of this study reveal that students are able to make associations from the thrasher and rice mill machine through the determination of the input and output of the machines to the formula of the composite function concept. So, the stages in the learning trajectory have an important role in understanding the composition function concept from informal level to formal level and also make the study of mathematics more easy, simple, fun, and comfortable.
Intuition and Its Role in Students' Mathematical Reasoning Ability
Authors: Lestari Sri , Marom Saiful , Rochmad Rochmad
Published: October 2022

This study aims to find out more about intuition and its role in shaping students' mathematical reasoning abilities. In the discussion of the philosophy of mathematics intuition plays an important role. Intuition has been discussed by philosophers of mathematics for centuries. It is said that intuition is a provisional guess. In relation to mathematical reasoning ability, it is an indispensable ability for students because mathematical reasoning skills greatly contribute to the development of a set of 21st century skills. The method in this research is a library study approach. Researchers collect various references and sources, both international and national journals, books, and other articles related to the theme to be discussed. From the results of the discussion obtained intuition and mathematical reasoning ability are two things that complement each other in solving a mathematical problem. Intuition, which is a candidate for evidence, is then formally proven by mathematical reasoning with mathematical reasoning indicators. Intuitive processes direct the analytical process while quickly serving as a bridge in performing analytical reasoning. So if a person's intuition is good then his mathematical reasoning ability is also good. The potential of mathematical intuition in developing mathematical reasoning abilities is based on the theory that one component of intuition is reasoning
Gender Fiqh: Mobilization of Gender-Responsive Movement on Social Media
Authors: Nurjanah Siti , Nur Iffatin
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to reformulate the ijtihad of gender-responsive fiqh. Such ijtihad model is needed in order to respond to the developments and dynamics of life in the current contemporary era. Moreover, current social reality and condition are often associated with empowerment of and justice for women. Movements and responses toward women’s issues recently has been occurring quite monumentally on social media. Such movements represent a response toward media development, especially on social media platforms. This literature-based study collected data from literature studies and descriptive critical analysis. Through the critical analysis, this study found an interpretation of gender fiqh ijtihad model initiated through social media platforms.
Harmonization of Islam and human rights: judges’ legal arguments in rejecting child marriage dispensation in Sukadana, Indonesia
Authors: Nawawi M Anwar , Sulastri Sulastri , Edi Relit Nur , Setiawan Agus
Published: October 2022

This article analyzes the rejection of an application for child marriage dispensation at the Sukadana Religious Court, Indonesia. Normatively, building a family and preserving the lineage are human rights, but the judges reject the application for the marriage dispensation. This normative research used observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data. In rejecting the marriage dispensation, the Religious Court judges used two arguments: normative (fiqh rules) and juridical (regulations related to human rights). The legal arguments integrate Islamic values (benefits and avoiding disgrace) with human rights principles. They seek to protect the petitioners' human rights, especially children's rights. From the finding above, the researchers suggest that there is no conflict between Islam and human rights. Both harmonize in their value of protecting the citizens. This study has implications for the increased unregistered marriages that do not have legality.