bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation on Pain Behaviour and Oxidative Stress in the Thalamus: Role of Tualang Honey Supplementation
Authors:   Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mohd Shafie Anis Syahirah , Abd Aziz Che Badariah ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Long Idris ,   School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Siran Rosfaiizah ,   Neuroscience Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor, Malaysia, Noordin Liza ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

Background: Insufficient sleep alters the body’s physiological functions. This study investigated whether oxidative stress (OS) in the thalamus was correlated with the pain behaviour score in the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-deprived rat model. Methods: Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study (n = 6): i) control; ii) REM sleep-deprived rats for 72 h (REMsd); iii) REM sleep-deprived rats for 72 h pretreated with Tualang honey (REMsd-H) and iv) tank control (TC). Following the intervention, 1% formalin was injected on the right hind paw and pain behaviour was recorded for 1 h. OS markers of glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the thalamus were measured. Results: REM sleep deprivation increased pain behaviour scores in phase II of the formalin test with decreased GSH, GR, SOD and CAT. The MDA level was significantly higher in the REMsd compared to REMsd-H. There was an inverse correlation between pain behaviour scores and GSH, GR and SOD levels. A positive correlation was found between the pain behaviour score and the MDA level. Conclusion: OS levels were significantly correlated with the pain behaviour score in the REMsd rats. Tualang honey administration reduced pain behaviour score and OS in the thalamus.
Determinants of Depression among Malay Single Mothers Living in Community in Perak, Malaysia
Authors:   Klinik Kesihatan Lekir, Perak, Malaysia, Yee Theng Lau , Abdul Rahman Razlina ,   Klinik Rawatan Keluarga, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Ismail Shaiful Bahari ,   Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

Background: Being a single mother is challenging. Many single mothers developed depression, but some managed to survive. This study aimed to determine the proportion of depression among single mothers living in community and its associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved conveniently sampled 213 Malay single mothers living in community in Perak, Malaysia. A Malay version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 was used to determine significant depression at a cut-off point of 10. Malay version of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS-M) and Brief-Coping with Problems Experienced (COPE) scales were used to assess support and coping strategies. Results: The proportion of depression among Malay single mothers in this study was 20.2% (95% CI: 15.0, 26.2). Previous history of depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 10.27; 95% CI: 2.18, 48.35; P = 0.003) and coping by using self-blame (aOR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.77; P < 0.001) increased the risk of depression. Active coping (aOR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.96; P = 0.027) and use of emotional support (aOR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.84; P = 0.002) is protective of depression. Conclusion: There was a high proportion of depression among Malay single mothers living in the community. Personal history of depression and type of coping strategies used significantly influenced the occurrence of depression among these single mothers. Providing guidance to acquire adaptive coping strategies is a crucial preventive measure.
Atomic-scale characterization of the oxidation state of Ti in meteoritic hibonite: Implications for early solar system thermodynamics
Authors: Zanetta Pierre-Marie , Manga Venkateswara Rao , Chang Yao-Jen , Ramprasad Tarunika , Weber Juliane , Beckett John R. , Zega Thomas J.
Published: April 2022

Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) in chondritic meteorites are composed of refractory minerals thought to be the first solids to have formed in the solar nebula. Among them, hibonite, nominally CaAl12O19, holds particular interest because it can incorporate significant amounts of Ti into its crystal structure in both Ti3+ and Ti4+ oxidation states. The relative amounts of these cations that are incorporated reflect the redox conditions under which the grain formed or last equilibrated and their measurement can provide insight into the thermodynamic landscape of the early solar nebula. Here we develop a new method for the quantification of Ti oxidation states using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to apply it to hibonite.

Using a series of Ti-bearing oxides, we find that the onset intensity of the Ti L2,3 edge decreases with increasing Ti-oxidation state, which is corroborated by simulated Ti-oxide spectra using first-principles density-functional theory. We test the relationship on a set of synthetic hibonite grains with known Ti4+/ΣTi values and apply the developed method on a hibonite grain from a compact type A inclusion in the Northwest Africa (NWA) 5028 CR2 carbonaceous chondrite. The STEM-EELS data show that the chondritic hibonite grain is zoned with a Ti4+/ΣTi ratio ranging from 0.78 ± 0.04 to 0.93 ± 0.04 over a scale of 100 nm between the core and edge of the grain, respectively. The Ti substitution sites are characterized by experimental and calculated high-angle annular-dark-field (HAADF) images and atomic-level EEL spectrum imaging. Simulated HAADF images reveal that Ti is distributed between the M2 and M4 sites while Mg sits on the M3 site. Quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows that this grain is also zoned in Al and Ti. The Mg distribution is not well correlated with that of Ti and Ti4+/ΣTi at the nanoscale.

The spatial decoupling of the element composition and Ti-oxidation states suggests a multistage evolution for this hibonite grain. We hypothesize that Ti and Mg were incorporated into the structure during condensation at high temperature through multiple reactions. Transient heating, presumably in the solar nebula, adds complexity to the crystal chemistry and potentially redistributed Ti and Mg. Concurrently, the formation of oxygen vacancies as a result of a reducing gas, led to the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+. The multiple defect reactions occurring in this single hibonite crystal preclude a simple relationship between the Ti4+/ΣTi and the fO2 of formation. However, moving forward, these measurements are fundamental inputs for modeling of the thermodynamic conditions under which hibonite formed in the early solar nebula.
The NaCl-CaCO3 and NaCl-MgCO3 systems at 6 GPa: Link between saline and carbonatitic diamond forming melts
Authors: Shatskiy Anton , Podborodnikov Ivan V. , Fedoraeva Anastasia S. , Arefiev Anton V. , Bekhtenova Altyna , Litasov Konstantin D.
Published: April 2022

The frequent occurrence of chlorides and carbonates in the form of microinclusions of melts or high-density fluid (HDF) in diamonds and igneous minerals of kimberlites worldwide generates genuine interest in their phase diagrams under pressure. Here, we present the first experimental results on the phase relations in the NaCl-CaCO3 and NaCl-MgCO3 systems at 6 GPa in the range 1000–1600 °C performed using a multi-anvil press. We found that both systems have the eutectic type of phase diagrams. The subsolidus assemblages are represented by halite + aragonite and halite + magnesite. Halite-aragonite eutectic is situated just below 1200 °C and has a composition of 40 wt% NaCl and 60 wt% CaCO3. Halite-magnesite eutectic is located at 1300 °C and has a composition of 72 wt% NaCl and 28 wt% MgCO3. The halite melting point was established at 1500 °C. Complete miscibility between carbonate and chloride liquids was observed up to 1600 °C. The results support the hypotheses that saline HDF is either a low-temperature derivative or precursor of mantle carbonatite HDF. The data also do not exclude an alternative hypothesis, according to which saline HDF are formed as a result of the reduction of the carbonate component of chloride-containing carbonatite melts to diamond.
On one source of information on Dutch, Danish and Swedish literature in Germany and Russia in the 1830s in the context of the formation of the canon of world literature
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House), Russian Academy of Sciences, Koreneva Marina
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the book by the famous German literary historian O. L. B. Wolff (1799–1851), The Fine Literature of Modern Europe (1832), in which an attempt was made for the first time to create a canon of European literature, which at that moment was a substitute for the non-existent canon of world literature. This article provides a comparative study of Dutch, Danish, and Swedish literatures in this work, which introduced Dutch, Swedish, and Danish authors Little-known at the time to the general reading public outside their own countries. The introduction of this forgotten source allows us to reconstruct the criteria for evaluating “Northern” literatures within the circle of “major” European literatures and to identify a “set” of those writers who, from the author’s perspective, deserved some attention and could therefore form a canon for the literatures described, which only partially coincides with the modern canon. Of particular interest is the comparison of the German text of the book with its Russian translation, published in 1835, which contains elements of a veiled polemic with the German scholar, manifested not only in cuts made and the stylistic treatment of Wolff ’s value judgements, but also in replacing certain sections by texts of Russian origin whose authorship was established for the first time in the article. The juxtaposition of the original text and its Russian translation demonstrates a discrepancy of perceptions about the hierarchy of specific literatures within the constitutive canon of the period and the translator’s desire to place Russian literature at the forefront, which he saw eclipsing the literatures of the Netherlands, Sweden, and Denmark.
Social Certificate for State (Municipal) Services in the Social Spheres: To the Question of the Legal Nature
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Filatova U.B.
Published: April 2022

One of the actual directions of the modern legislation development in Russia remains legal provision of social sphere transition from state to private sector of economy. Along with the new legal phenomenon – social entrepreneurship – a number of other legal categories requiring theoretical understanding have appeared. This article analyzes the legal nature of the social certificate for public municipal services in the social sphere. According to the law, the social certificate is a registered document certifying the right of the consumer of services or his legal representative to choose a provider of social services in a certain volume and on certain conditions, as well as in the cases established by regulatory legal acts of a certain quality and the right of the provider of services to receive from the appropriate budget of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation funds for financial support (compensation) of costs associated with the provision of the relevant state (municipal) service. Due to the fact that the process of providing social services is regulated by both social and civil legislation, the study of the legal nature of the certificate for rendering services in the social sphere is carried out through the analysis of similar legal structures characteristic of both public (housing certificate, certificate for the right to receive maternity capital) and private law (securities, gift certificate). The author substantiates the conclusion that the certificate for the provision of state (municipal) services in the social sphere can be characterized as an obligation of option type with a number of features determined by the specifics of services that constitute the subject of this contract.
Heavy metals contamination in water, sediments and fish of freshwater ecosystems in Pakistan
Authors: Afzaal Muhammad , Hameed Saman , Liaqat Iram , Ali Khan Amir Amanat , abdul Manan Hafiz , Shahid Raja , Altaf Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Freshwater ecosystems are being contaminated by heavy metal pollution. The primary source of contamination is wastewater discharged from urban, industrial, and agricultural facilities. The contaminated water contains hazardous amounts of heavy metals mixed in the freshwater ecosystem, causing deleterious impacts on marine life and humans. This review paper highlights the contamination of the freshwater ecosystem of Pakistan with heavy metals. Heavy metals' concentration in sediments, water, and fish were assessed in the food chain, and their relationship with sites and sources was explored. It was observed that heavy metals present in freshwater and sediments bio-accumulate into fish organs. It was also found that some parts of freshwaters such as the rivers Ravi, Chenab, Kabul, and Indus were highly contaminated, and they imposed negative impacts on fish and human health. The River Ravi, receiving a huge amount of industrial and sewage wastewater from urban centers and industries of Central Punjab, was highly contaminated compared to other rivers of Pakistan. The ecosystem health of River Indus was the best among all the rivers of Pakistan due to the enormous volume of water flow and less number of industrial units along with it. Freshwater fish of the rivers Indus, Chenab, and Jhelum are consumable for humans. The presence of heavy metals also causes social, environmental, and economic problems. Therefore, the wastewater should be treated before discharge into freshwater streams and rivers to lessen the harmful impacts of heavy metals on marine life and human beings.
Invasive and Pharmacological Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Scoping
Review
Authors: Sagris Marios , Tzoumas Andreas , Kokkinidis Damianos G. , Korosoglou Grigorios , Lichtenberg Michael , Tzavellas Georgios
Published: April 2022

The annual occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is 300,000-600,000 cases in the United
States and 700,000 in Europe. VTE includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of upper or lower extremities, superior and inferior vena cava thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism (PE) as well. The primary treatment of
DVT includes oral anticoagulation to prevent the progression of the thrombus and decrease the risk of pulmonary embolism. Depending on the symptoms, more invasive treatments can be applied to target the iliofemoral
thrombus and its removal. However, less emphasis is given to acute symptomatology, early recovery of function, quality of life improvement, and the individualized likelihood of developing post-thrombotic syndrome.
While invasive therapy has been used to enhance the acute management of iliofemoral DVT, our knowledge
about the overall outcomes associated with the invasive treatment of VTE is still limited. In this review, we illustrate the available data on pharmacological and endovascular management of iliofemoral VTE, including
therapies such as catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), mechanical thrombectomy (PMT), and pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis (PCDT).
Effect of the Ruan Jian Qing Mai Recipe on Wound Healing in Diabetic
Mice and Prediction of its Potential Targets
Authors: Yao Guangtao , Cao Yemin , Zhang Jiange , Zhang Pei , Wang Zefeng , Shi Yongjia
Published: April 2022

Background:

The “Ruan Jian Qing Mai (RJQM) recipe” is a traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM), which has been found to have significant curative effects on diabetic ulcers in the
clinic for a long time. Previous research has shown that RJQM can improve diabetic skin wound
healing and promote angiogenesis. However, the active ingredients of the RJQM recipe and its
pharmacological mechanism of treatment for diabetic skin wound healing still remain unclear.This
study aims to investigate the effect of the RJQM recipe on diabetic wound healing, and to identify
the possible active ingredients and their mechanism.

Method:

First, a skin injury model was established in diabetic mice, and wound healing was evaluated
by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
(RT-qPCR), and western blot analysis. Second, the chemical constituents of the RJQM recipe
were analyzed and identified by ultra pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLCMS).
Finally, the possible targets of drug treatment for diabetic skin injury were analyzed by network
pharmacology and verified by in vitro experiments using cell culture.

Results:

(1) In the full-thickness skin injury model, the skin wound healing rate and healing area
were significantly increased in mice treated with the RJQM recipe compared with those of the
model group. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the RJQM recipe could increase
the expression of VEGF protein and promote the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle
cells and the formation of microvessels, and RT-qPCR results found that the mRNA expression of
angiogenesis-related factors in the RJQM recipe group was significantly higher than that in the
model group. (2) A total of 25 compounds were identified by UPLC-MS. (3) According to the results
of network pharmacology, the therapeutic effect of the RJQM recipe on diabetic skin injury
may be related to S6 (quercetin), S1 (typhaneoside), S18 (isoliquiritigenin), protein kinase B-α
(Akt1), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), insulin-like growth factor I receptor
(IGF1R), vascular endothelial growth factor-a (VEGF-a), signal transducer and activator of
transcription-3 (STAT3) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling
pathways. Based on the predictions by network pharmacology, we proved that the drug could treat
diabetic skin damage by activating the PI3K-Akt-VEGF signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

The RJQM recipe promotes the formation of granulation tissue during the process of
wound healing and exerts a good therapeutic effect on diabetic skin wound healing.
Current Drug Targets for Gut Microbiota Biocorrection during the
SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sinelnikov Mikhail Y. , Sankova Maria V. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Oganesyan Marine V. , Bakhmet Anastasia A. , Gavryushova Lilia V. , Sankov Sergey V.
Published: April 2022

The gut microbiota are known to play an important role in maintaining the body’s home-ostasis and increasing its immunoresistance. Their role has not been well defined in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenetic relationship between gut microbiota, immunological reactivity disruption and microbiota pathologies with the new coronavirus infec-tion's course in order to substantiate the use of current drugs correcting gut microbiota during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

Electronic databases of WHO Infection Control, Global Health, Sci-enceDirect, Elsevier, CDC infection diseases database, Google Academy, "Scientific electronic li-brary eLIBRARY.RU", MEDLINE, CyberLeninka, Embase, PubMed-NCBI, RSCI, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were used for this analytical research.

Results:

The research results showed normal gut microbiota as one of the important components of a multilevel immune defense system. The intestinal microbiota support the notion of initial activa-tion and readiness in order to induce a quick response to the invasion of pathogens, including RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. Current research suggests that the intestinal microbiota play an im-portant role in the pathogenesis and predetermination of disease severity in COVID-19. By produc-ing essential metabolites and neutralizing toxic substrates, symbionts regulate the functioning of all organs and systems, maintaining the body’s homeostasis and immunological responses. Intestinal microbiota disorders determine the postvaccination anti-COVID immunity's efficacy, specifically the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of this infection. This is done by stimulating a local intestinal immune response via secretory immunoglobulins and the acquired immunity of the microbiome. The high prevalence of dysbiosis within the populous indicates the necessity of regular gut microbiota biocorrection during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Our systematic review of current biopreparations correcting gut microbiota provides a valuable reference to the practicing clinicians to quickly specify and develop a wide variety of medicines, assess their capabilities, and choose the optimal treatment for patients at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusion:

Current data support the notion that gut microflora biocorrection may help increase population immunity and preserve public health during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Potential Option for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability
of Highly Soluble and Poorly Permeable (BCS Class III) Drugs
Authors: Sangeetha S.  , Sri Rekha M.  , Seetha Devi A.
Published: April 2022

Oral administration of drug is the most preferred one among the other routes for the majority
of clinical applications. As compared to the parenteral method of administration, it has potential benefits
such as increased patient compliance, fewer problems, and reduced treatment costs. Regardless of
these factors, inadequate bioavailability owing to poor solubility or permeability limits the therapeutic
effectiveness of orally given drugs. Though most current research focuses on BCS II (drugs with low
solubility and high permeability), BCS III (drugs with high solubility and low permeability) also has
poor oral bioavailability due to their limited permeability across lipid membranes and is usually administered
through the parenteral route. The need for an oral alternative to parenteral administration has
prompted a renewed focus on the development of innovative dosage forms that support the absorption
of medicines that are poorly permeable through the intestinal epithelium. Because of their unique sizedependent
feature in enhancing transmembrane permeability, ability to incorporate both lipophilic and
hydrophilic drugs and biocompatible nature of components, the use of nanoparticles for improving drug
bioavailability has been a focus of current study in the field of drug delivery in recent years. The lipidbased
nanoparticle method presents a potential new avenue for manufacturing BCS Class III medicines
with enhanced bioavailability, as poor permeability is the main issue for these agents. This research
aims to assess the potential of lipid nanoparticles for improving the oral bioavailability of medicines
with permeability-restricted oral absorption, such as pharmaceuticals in Biopharmaceutical Classification
System (BCS) class III.
Oral Candidiasis and Novel Therapeutic Strategies: Antifungals, Phytotherapy,
Probiotics, and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Contaldo Maria , Di Stasio Dario , Romano Antonio , Fiori Fausto , Della Vella Fedora , Rupe Cosimo , Lajolo Carlo , Petruzzi Massimo , Serpico Rosario , Lucchese Alberta
Published: April 2022

Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic infection of the oral mucosa sustained by fungi of the
genus Candida. Various Candida species, with a predominance of C. albicans, normally a saprophyte of
the oral cavity, may become virulent and infect the oral mucosa with variegated clinical presentation, in
case of imbalance of the oral microbiota, the presence of local predisposing factors and systemic conditions
that weaken the immune system. Conventionally, oral candidiasis eradication is done with the help
of antifungal drugs. However, the growing phenomena of drug resistance and the increase in infections
sustained by non-albicans species being less responsive to common antifungals have orientied researches
towards the experimentation of alternative therapies. The present review considered the most promising
alternative therapeutic proposals. The use of plant derivatives with phytotherapy is a promising
option, such as probiotics, to rebalance the oral microbiota in case of dysbiosis. Finally, antimicrobial
photodynamic therapy (aPDT), with highly selective fungicidal activity and free of side effects, is also
being studied as a powerful alternative to drug administration. All these therapies are alternatives or
supportive to the conventional treatment of recurrent and non-drug-responsive forms of oral candidiasis.
However, further studies are needed to define the most active compounds, the efficacy of the therapies
compared with the conventional ones, and the planning of regulated and standardized protocols.
Metformin-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus' Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khattab Rabie , Albannawi Mayar , Alhajjmohammed Dua'a , Alkubaish Zainab , Althani Roqiuah , Altheeb Latifa , Ayoub Hala , Mutwalli Hiba , Altuwajiry Hussah , Al-Sheikh Rasha , Purayidathil Tunny , Abuzaid Omar
Published: April 2022

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most globally common chronic diseases.
Metformin is the most popular prescribed medication for the treatment of diabetes. Studies
suggest that metformin is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, which may impart adverse
health complications.

Objective:

This review screens the literature to clarify the effect of metformin on vitamin B12 deficiency
among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods:

Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate, and Semantic Scholar, were searched for the
association between metformin intake and vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
using relevant keywords and their combinations. Selected studies were those conducted on
patients taking metformin with no vitamin B12 supplement. Nineteen studies (fifteen observational
studies and four randomized controlled trials) met the inclusion criteria. These studies were assessed
for design, setting, study population, and overall quality.

Results:

There is a positive correlation between metformin intake and vitamin B12 deficiency.
This has been accompanied by increased homocysteine and decreased folate levels. Despite the refuting
of the findings, most studies showed that higher doses of metformin were strongly associated
with lower vitamin B12 levels, while the duration of treatment was not.

Conclusion:

Regular measurement of vitamin B12 levels during long-term metformin treatment is
recommended. A clear policy should be in place to illuminate the importance of this screening in
preventing vitamin B12 deficiency complications. Taking therapeutic supplements or injections of
vitamin B12 along with a vitamin B12-rich diet may decrease the incidence of its deficiency in diabetic
patients taking metformin.
Decoding the Mechanism of Drugs of Heterocyclic Nature against Hepatocellular
Carcinoma
Authors: Sugunan Sinoy , Nath Lekshmi R. , Kumar Ayana R , L Anitha , Nair Bhagyalakshmi , Mathew Bijo
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer and accounts for
~90% of cases, with an approximated incidence of >1 million cases by 2025. Currently, the backbone of HCC therapy
is the oral multi-kinase inhibitor, Sorafenib, which consists of a Pyridine heterocycle ring system. This review highlights
the introspective characteristics of seven anticancer drugs of heterocyclic nature against HCC along with their
structural activity relationships and molecular targets.

Methods:

Literature collection was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, and Cross ref. Additional
information was taken from the official website of the FDA and GLOBOCAN.

Key findings/ Results:

Based on the available literature, approved heterocyclic compounds show promising results
against HCC, including Sorafenib (Pyridine), Regorafenib (Pyridine), Lenvatinib (Quinoline), Cabozantinib (Quinoline),
Gemcitabine (Pyrimidine), 5-Fluorouracil (Pyrimidine)and Capecitabine (Pyrimidine), their mechanism of action
and key aspects regarding its structural activity were included in the review.

Conclusion:

Heterocyclic compounds represent almost two-thirds of the novel drugs approved by FDA between 2010
and 2020 against Cancer. This review summarizes the clinical relevance, mechanism of action, structural activity relationship,
and challenges of the seven available anticancer drugs with heterocyclic ring systems against HCC.
CDC25B Inhibition by Menadione: A Potential New Therapeutical Approach
Authors: Ribeiro Helem Ferreira , Sant’ Anna Carla de Castro , Kato Valdenira de Jesus Oliveira , de Sousa Brasil Rafael Maia , Bona Amanda Braga , da Costa Danielle Feio , Lima Isamu Komatsu , Soares Paulo Cardoso , Guimarães Ana Paula Araújo , de Assumpção Paulo Pimentel , Burbano Rommel Rodriguez
Published: April 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of tumor and the third leading cause of cancer death
worldwide. The evolution of gastric carcinogenesis is still poorly understood and, for this reason, preclinical research
protocols were established that included the development of gastric cancer cell lines and the establishment of models of
gastric carcinogenesis in non-human primates such as Sapajus apella. A comprehensive literature search was performed
in relevant databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar to identify studies related to the
topic. After an in-depth study of these reports, significant data were collected and compiled under appropriate headings.
The main result of the studies carried out by the group on GC is the demonstration of the MYC gene overexpression
as a common phenomenon in stomach carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we revealed that reducing the expression of
the CDC25B gene, regulated by the MYC protein, is a therapeutic strategy against stomach tumors. This review article
reveals preclinical evidence that treatment with menadione in experimental models of gastric tumorigenesis, in vivo
and in vitro, inhibits the action of the phosphatase CDC25B and, consequently, prevents cell proliferation, invasion,
and migration.
Prevalence, Presentation and Outcome of Secondary Bloodstream
Infections among COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Samantaray Subhashree , Karan Priyabrat , Sharma Anuradha , Nag Vijayalakshmi , Dutt Naveen , Garg Mahendra Kumar , Bhatia Pradeep Kumar , Misra Sanjeev
Published: April 2022

Background:

The higher mortality rate in COVID-19 patients is still a concern. Though
some studies mention that elderly patients with co-morbidities are at higher risk of mortality, some
others report uneventful outcomes in young patients even without co-morbidities. Secondary bacterial
and fungal infections, especially with nosocomial pathogens are known to be associated with worse
outcome in the ongoing pandemic as well as in the previous viral outbreaks. In such a scenario, the
outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients can be improved by timely identification of secondary
infections using appropriate biomarkers and by following appropriate infection control measures to
prevent the spread of nosocomial pathogens.

Objective:

The study aims to find out the prevalence of bloodstream infections (BSI) among hospitalized
COVID-19 patients and to analyze their laboratory markers and outcome by comparing them with
those without BSI.

Methods:

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the prevalence of secondary BSI was determined
among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients by including 388 blood culture bottles collected from 293
patients, which were received in the microbiology lab within the study period.

Results:

The overall prevalence of BSI in COVID-19 patients was 39.5% (116/293), out of which
35.5% (104/293) infections were bacterial, and 4.1% (12/293) were fungal, while 8.9% (26/293) patients
grew contaminants, and 51.5% (151/293) were sterile. Common causative agents of secondary
BSI were found to be MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.9%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (8.8%) followed
by Candida species (4.1%). Patients with co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension and COPD
were at higher risk of developing BSI with significantly higher levels of sepsis markers such as Creactive
protein (CRP), procalcitonin, ferritin and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). The mortality rate was significantly
higher (60.2%) in patients with BSI compared to the group of patients without BSI.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest the necessity of early diagnosis of the secondary infections using
appropriate biomarkers and following proper infection control measures to prevent the spread of the
nosocomial infections and improve the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
A Clinically Validated, Broadly Active, Oral Viral Superinfection
Therapy Could Mitigate Symptoms in Early-stage COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Bakacs Tibor , Sandig Volker , Slavin Shimon , Gumrukcu Serhat , Hardy David , Renz Wolfgang , Kovesdi Imre
Published: April 2022

More than 200 viruses infect humans, but treatments are available for less than ten of them.
To narrow the gap between ‘bugs and drugs,’ a paradigm shift is required. The “one drug, one bug”
approach can be expanded to a “one drug, multiple bugs” strategy such that the host’s defense system
is targeted rather than the virus. Viral superinfection therapy (SIT) activates interferon genes’ natural,
antiviral defense system of host cells following exposure to viral infection, e.g., superinfection with an
attenuated infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) with the release of its double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
cargo inside host cells. An attenuated IBDV therapeutic vaccine has successfully treated hepatitis
A virus infection (HAV) in marmoset monkeys as well as acute hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections
(HBV/HCV) in 42 patients. SIT has also been shown to be safe and effective in four patients with
chronic HBV or HCV infection with hepatic decompensation. The proof-of-principle of SIT has also
been demonstrated in a 43-year-old male patient with COVID-19. Three doses of orally administered
IBDV (3x106 IU) alleviated most of his COVID-19 symptoms; even his sense of smell returned within
a week. Two additional COVID-19 patients responded similarly to oral treatment with IBDV. Furthermore,
a severe herpes zoster ophthalmicus outbreak with orbital edema responded to a combination
of acyclovir and 7 doses of IBDV (7x106 IU) within a few days. IBDV is simple to manufacture and
affordable, even in resource-limited settings. Acid-resistant IBDV can be orally administered in an
outpatient setting, providing simple dosing and high medication adherence. Under an Emergency Use
Authorization, the broad-spectrum IBDV drug candidate could be tested immediately in clinical trials
and rapidly distributed to millions of early-stage patients with COVID-19. The German Paul Ehrlich
Institute is currently supporting a phase I safety study for persons acutely infected with SARS‑CoV-2.
An expert team of the US National Institutes of Health-sponsored ACTIV public-private partnership
came to the conclusion that the IBDV drug candidate shows merit as a potential treatment for COVID-
19, and an FDA-approved clinical trial is in the pipelines in Los Angeles.
The Role of the Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites in the Pathogenesis
of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Yi
Published: April 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss, cognitive dysfunction
and dementia. It is a multifactorial disease involving a wide range of pathological factors that
have yet to be fully understood. As proposed by scientists and supported by a growing amount of evidence
in recent years, the gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s
disease via a constant bidirectional communication through the brain-gut-microbiota axis, which is a
multifunctional network involving the nervous system and the peripheral circulatory system. This
communication pathway facilitates the exchange of information and signals between the brain and the
gut, such as microbe-derived metabolites and neurotransmitters, which allows gut microbes to influence
the central nervous system. This review summarizes recent research findings on the pathological
risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease, the brain-gut-microbiota axis, the role of gut microbe-derived
products in neurological disorders, and clinical/preclinical studies investigating the role of the gut microbiota
in Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, some suggestions for future research are proposed.
The Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Loaded Soft Contact
Lens
Authors: Chew Jactty , Tong Tommy , Chua Mun Lok , Mungroo Mohammad Ridwane , Yap Yi Xing , Misran Misni , Gew Lai Ti
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Contact lenses coated with antibacterial agents may reduce the risk of microbial
keratitis; however, to the best of our knowledge, such contact lenses are not available on the market.

Methods:

We determined the ability of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs)-loaded soft contact lenses
to prevent the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Commercially acquired
sterile silicone hydrogel contact lenses were soaked in ZnO-NPs (˂50 nm) suspensions of various
concentrations, and the stability of the ZnO-NPs coating on contact lenses over 28 days was monitored
using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The cytotoxicity effects of ZnO-NPs on human corneal epithelial
cells were evaluated using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit.

Results and Discussion:

The results showed that the ZnO-NPs coating on contact lenses was optimal
from day seven onward. In the following assays, optimally, ZnO-NP-coated contact lenses were incubated
with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa suspensions (1 x 105 colony forming unit) for 24 hr at 37°C,
followed by enumeration using the plating method. Our data showed that 100 ppm of ZnO-NPs coating
on contact lenses reduced the adhesion of 69.9% and 74.6% of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa significantly
(p<0.05). The confocal laser scanning microscopic analyses were consistent with our bacterial
adhesion findings. Low cytotoxicity against human corneal epithelial cells was observed even at the
highest concentration of 300 ppm.

Conclusion:

This study provides insights into the potential role of ZnO-NPs in developing contact
lenses with antibacterial properties.
Anti-diabetic Potential of some Spices Commonly used in Diet with other Pharmacological Activities: A Review
Authors: Chowdhury Anita Rani , Kundu Sukalyan Kumar
Published: April 2022

Background::

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, the prevalence of which is increasing alarmingly throughout the world and imposes a serious impact on the health of the population as well as national economies. Effective management and primary prevention are essential to decrease the burden of diabetes faced by all nations. Although different therapies are available for diabetes, no known therapy can completely cure the disease, and many of them have a number of side effects with other limitations like long-term treatment, expensiveness, and less availability. Hence, the present review has given an emphasis on common dietary materials to find out a readily available source of anti-diabetic agents.

Objective:

The purpose of this work is to explore the anti-diabetic properties of certain spices which are most frequently used in Bangladesh and reported for their use in traditional treatment of diabetes and/or investigated scientifically for anti-diabetic activity.

Methods:

Two electronic databases, namely Pub Med and Google Scholar, were used for conducting a comprehensive search to collect information and data.

Results:

In this review, a total of 10 spices have been compiled with a brief description of their origin, part used, chemical constituents, mechanism of action, methods of experiment, model animals, and reported beneficial effects in diabetes with other pharmacological activities.

Conclusion:

The observed results of this study indicate the possibility of developing a therapeutic strategy called alternative and complementary medicine for the management of diabetes. The results also provide a starting point for researchers working with bioactive dietary plants with anti-diabetic potential.
Cutting-edge Nanotechnological Approaches for Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Bhattacharya Sankha , Agrawal Amaiyya
Published: April 2022

Lung cancer is the second leading cancer with a high rate of mortality. It can be treated using different intervention techniques such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgical removal, photodynamic therapy. All of these interventions lack specificity, which implies that it harms the normal cells adjacent to the infected ones. Nanotechnology provides a promising solution that increases the bioavailability of anticancer drugs at the tumor site with reduced toxicity and improved therapeutic efficacy. Nanotechnology also improved the way lung cancer is diagnosed and treated. Various types of nanocarriers like liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and different theranostic approaches are already approved for medical use, while various are under clinical and preclinical stages. This review article covers the details pertaining to lung cancer, types of overexpressed receptors, and cutting-edge nanocarriers used for treating lung cancer at its specific target.
Pengaruh Pengolahan Tanah Menggunakan Traktor dan Pupuk Organik terhadap Infiltrasi Tanah Andisol serta Produktivitas Kentang
Authors:   Universitas Jambi, H Henny , AR Arsyad ,   Universitas Jambi
Published: April 2022

Andisol merupakan tanah berbahan induk abu vulkan, umumnya gembur dan mudah diolah. Namun petani sayuran (terutama kentang) di Kecamatan Kayu Aro Barat, Kabupaten Kerinci mengolah tanah intensif menggunakan traktor. Hal ini dapat mempercepat penurunan kandungan bahan organik dan proses pemadatan tanah sehingga akan menurunkan infiltrasi dan produktivitas tanah. Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi intensitas pengolahan tanah menggunakan traktor terhadap infiltrasi tanah Andisol dan produktivitas kentang di Desa Kebun Baru, Kecamatan Kayu Aro Barat. Penelitian berupa eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan delapan perlakuan yaitu kombinasi intensitas pengolahan tanah dengan bajak (1, 2 dan 3 kali bajak menggunakan traktor) dengan pupuk kandang (5 dan 10 ton/ha), serta pengolahan tanah menggunakan cangkul. Setiap perlakukan diulang tiga kali (sebagai kelompok) pada petakan 6 m x 2 m pada lahan dengan kemiringan lereng 9%. Laju infiltrasi diukur dengan Double Ring Infiltrometer dan kapasitas infiltrasi diduga dengan Persamaan Horton. Data dianalisis dengan Uji-F dan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju dan kapasistas infiltrasi tanah serta produktivitas kentang pada lahan yang diolah dengan dua kali bajak relatif sama dengan di lahan yang diolah dengan dua kali pencangkulan, tetapi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan satu atau tiga kali bajak.
US Black Maternal Health Advocacy Topics and Trends on Twitter: Temporal Infoveillance Study
Authors: Grigsby-Toussaint Diana , Champagne Ashley , Uhr Justin , Silva Elizabeth , Noh Madeline , Bradley Adam , Rashleigh Patrick
Published: April 2022

Background

Black women in the United States disproportionately suffer adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes compared to White women. Economic adversity and implicit bias during clinical encounters may lead to physiological responses that place Black women at higher risk for adverse birth outcomes. The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) further exacerbated this risk, as safety protocols increased social isolation in clinical settings, thereby limiting opportunities to advocate for unbiased care. Twitter, 1 of the most popular social networking sites, has been used to study a variety of issues of public interest, including health care. This study considers whether posts on Twitter accurately reflect public discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic and are being used in infodemiology studies by public health experts.

Objective

This study aims to assess the feasibility of Twitter for identifying public discourse related to social determinants of health and advocacy that influence maternal health among Black women across the United States and to examine trends in sentiment between 2019 and 2020 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Tweets were collected from March 1 to July 13, 2020, from 21 organizations and influencers and from 4 hashtags that focused on Black maternal health. Additionally, tweets from the same organizations and hashtags were collected from the year prior, from March 1 to July 13, 2019. Twint, a Python programming library, was used for data collection and analysis. We gathered the text of approximately 17,000 tweets, as well as all publicly available metadata. Topic modeling and k-means clustering were used to analyze the tweets.

Results

A variety of trends were observed when comparing the 2020 data set to the 2019 data set from the same period. The percentages listed for each topic are probabilities of that topic occurring in our corpus. In our topic models, tweets on reproductive justice, maternal mortality crises, and patient care increased by 67.46% in 2020 versus 2019. Topics on community, advocacy, and health equity increased by over 30% in 2020 versus 2019. In contrast, tweet topics that decreased in 2020 versus 2019 were as follows: tweets on Medicaid and medical coverage decreased by 27.73%, and discussions about creating space for Black women decreased by just under 30%.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic may have spurred an increased focus on advocating for improved reproductive health and maternal health outcomes among Black women in the United States. Further analyses are needed to capture a longer time frame that encompasses more of the pandemic, as well as more diverse voices to confirm the robustness of the findings. We also concluded that Twitter is an effective source for providing a snapshot of relevant topics to guide Black maternal health advocacy efforts.
Framework and Practical Guidance for the Ethical Use of Electronic Methods for Communication With Participants in Medical Research
Authors: Kogetsu Atsushi , Kato Kazuto
Published: April 2022

Online communication with participants, including online recruitment, electronic informed consent, and data communication, is one of the fields to which information and communication technology (ICT) has been applied in medical research. Online communication provides various benefits, especially for genome research and rare disease research. However, ethical challenges that are derived from or exacerbated by online communication need to be addressed. Here, we present an overview of such ethical issues and provide practical guidance for the ethical implementation of ICT. We specify the ethical issues in the context of using online communication for medical research by an analysis based on the eight ethical principles for clinical research. Informed by this ethical context, we then develop a novel framework for the governance of medical research involving ICT, which consists of eight categories: five research processes (ie, design of research, recruitment, informed consent, data communication, and dissemination and return of results) and three overarching perspectives related to multiple processes of research (ie, access to research and online dialog, community involvement, and independent review). Finally, we present a practical guidance chart for researchers, patient partners, independent reviewers, and funding agencies. We believe that our study will contribute to the ethical implementation of online communication in medical research.