bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysing the impact of short-term rentals
Authors:   Virgili University, Russo Antonio P , Valente Riccardo
Published: October 2023

We spoke to Dr Antonio Paolo Russo and Dr Riccardo Valente about the SMARTDEST project’s work in analysing the social impact of shortterm rentals, and the relationship between tourism and urban policy.
Looking at Europe’s social inequalities
Authors:   OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Halvorsen Rune
Published: October 2023

We spoke to Professor Rune Halvorsen about the work of the EUROSHIP project in building a deeper picture of social inequalities between countries and regions in Europe.
SHARE; a window into the ageing process
Authors:   Institute GmbH, Richter David
Published: October 2023

The SHARE infrastructure brings together health and socio-economic data on people over the age of 50 across 27 European countries and Israel, providing valuable insights into the ageing process, says Professor David Richter.
Reconsidering Western European Drama in the Light of Puppet and Marionette Plays
Authors:   Université Paul- Valéry Montpellier, Plassard Didier , Guidicelli Carole ,   University Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle
Published: October 2023

Didier Plassard and Carole Guidicelli of the PuppetPlays project are painstakingly piecing together the evidence, manuscripts and source material for puppet and marionette plays to create an open- access online platform.
Revolutionising Preterm Infant Care
Authors:   Eindhoven University of Technology, Van De Vosse FN
Published: October 2023

The Perinatal Life Support (PLS) project envisions a groundbreaking solution for extremely premature infants. Pioneered by an interdisciplinary consortium, the innovative system replicates the womb’s protective environment.
Probing the role of metabolites in the immune system
Authors:   Trinity College Dublin, O'Neill Luke
Published: October 2023

Metabolites play an important role in the immune response, beyond their function in making and breaking down molecules. Researchers in the Metabinnate project aim to shed new light on the role of several different metabolites in the immune system, work which could hold important implications for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, as Professor Luke O’Neill explains.
Factors that contribute to the gender gap in entrepreneurial self-confidence
Authors: Jennings Jennifer E , Dempsey Dianna
Published: October 2023

Factors that contribute to the gender gap in entrepreneurial self-confidence

A study by Professors Dempsey and Jennings offers key insights into why women tend to be less confident than men in their entrepreneurial ability. In a prior Open Access Government article, Dr Jennifer Jennings shared intriguing evidence (from a study conducted with Dr Zahid Rahman and Dr Dianna Dempsey) challenging prevailing beliefs that women are ‘under-confident’ in their entrepreneurial ability. Here, Professors Dempsey and Jennings share findings from a related investigation into the factors that can help explain why women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) nevertheless tends to be lower, on average, than men’s.
Train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio: The toxic risks of transporting hazardous chemicals
Authors: Badley Jessie R , Ryce Caleb , Lein Pamela J
Published: October 2023

Train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio: The toxic risks of transporting hazardous chemicals

The toxic risks of vinyl chloride have been debated for years, but a recent train derailment in the US brought this debate into the public eye, say Jessie R Badley, Caleb Ryce and Pamela J Lein. Three days after the 3 February 2023 derailment of a 50-car freight train in East Palestine, Ohio, emergency crews from Norfolk Southern, the chemical transportation company, made the decision to vent and burn toxic vinyl chloride from five tank cars to prevent an explosion. A black mushroom plume of toxic gas that could be seen for miles engulfed the town. The subsequent death of more than 43,000 aquatic animals living in the vicinity of East Palestine during the month after the controlled release prompted public concerns about drinking water and air contamination in not only East Palestine but also neighbouring communities since the East Palestine watershed empties into the Ohio River, which is a primary source of water for many municipalities.
THE POST-OPERATIVE ANALGESIC EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEFOPAM AND FENTANYL MIXTURE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SPINAL FUSION SURGERY
Authors: Nguyen Duy Anh , Tran Hoai Nam , Nguyen Ngoc Thach , Tran Van Khuong , Trinh The Nam , Vu Anh Dung
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the intravenous patient-controlled analgesic (PCA) effects of a combination of fentanyl and nefopam in patients who underwent spinal fusion surgery. Methods: 60 patients, who underwent spinal fusion surgery at the Spine Surgery Department, Military Hospital 103, from April to November 2022, were divided randomly into two groups: The F group (30 patients received fentanyl via intravenous PCA) and the NF group (30 patients received fentanyl and nefopam mixture via intravenous PCA). Patients in both groups were evaluated and compared for the pain level through the VAS (Visual Analog Scale), the Actual/Demand ratio (A/D), and the amount of post-operative fentanyl consumption. Results: The average VAS score of the patients in both groups at rest was < 4 and ranged from 2.3 - 4.2 during movement. The mean VAS score during movement after the first 24-hour period of the NF group was significantly lower than that of the F group (p < 0.05). The A/D ratio of the two groups at studied time points was > 75%; in which, the A/D ratio of the NF group was statistically significantly higher than that of the F group (p < 0.05). The amount of post-operative fentanyl consumption via PCA in the NF group was 646.17 ± 99.23mcg, 14.79% lower than in the F group (758.33 ± 138.42mcg), with p < 0.05. Conclusion: Intravenous PCA with the mixture of nefopam and fentanyl and with fentanyl alone are effective methods of analgesia after spine fusion surgery. The combination use of nefopam and fentanyl in PCA provided a better analgesia effect than using fentanyl alone.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ VI PHẪU ĐIỀU TRỊ GIÃN TĨNH MẠCH TINH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA XANH PÔN GIAI ĐOẠN 2020 - 2022
Authors: Nguyễn Minh An
Published: October 2023

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật điều trị giãn tĩnh mạch tinh vi phẫu tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Xanh pôn. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 58 bệnh nhân (BN) có giãn tĩnh mạch tinh được điều trị vi phẫu tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Xanh pôn. Kết quả: Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình là 60,6 ± 12,3 phút; Không có tai biến trong phẫu thuật; Biến chứng sau phẫu thuật chiếm 1,7%; Đau sau phẫu thuật mức độ 1 là 8,6%, mức độ 2 là 82,8%, mức độ 3 là 8,6%. Thời gian nằm viện trung bình là 2,8 ± 0,7 ngày. Kết quả tốt khi ra viện chiếm 98,3%, không có trường hợp tái phát. Đường kính tĩnh mạnh tinh trung bình sau phẫu thuật: 2,3 ± 0,4mm. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật điều trị giãn tĩnh mạch tinh bằng vi phẫu là phương pháp an toàn, hiệu quả với kết quả đánh giá sau mổ tốt là 98,3%.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VIÊM TỤY CẤP Ở BỆNH NHÂN TĂNG TRIGLYCERIDE
Authors: Hồ Chí Thanh , Inkhamphanh Bounthong , Nguyễn Huy Thông
Published: October 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và một số yếu tố liên quan ở bệnh nhân (BN) viêm tụy cấp (VTC) có tăng triglyceride (TG). Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 72 BN viêm tụy cấp có tăng TG tại Bệnh viện Quân y 103 từ tháng 01/2021 - 5/2023. Quy trình khám, chẩn đoán và điều trị được thực hiện thống nhất theo hướng dẫn của Hội phẫu thuật cấp cứu thế giới (WSES) năm 2019. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình là 42,8 ± 10,84, tỷ lệ nam giới là chủ yếu (80,6%), nghề nghiệp công chức là 47,2%; đau bụng chiếm 97,2%, buồn nôn chiếm 76,4%, lạm dụng rượu là 62,5%. Amylase máu trung bình là 675,1 ± 191,72 U/L, TG máu trung bình là 19,54 ± 16,54 mmol/L. VTC mức độ nặng là 22,2%, nồng độ TG máu không liên quan đến mức độ bệnh với p > 0,05. Kết luận: VTC tăng TG thường gặp ở nam giới, tiền sử lạm dụng rượu. Triệu chứng lâm sàng hầu hết gặp đau bụng, nôn, bụng trướng, khó thở. Nồng độ TG không liên quan đến mức độ bệnh.
The Creation of the Myth about the Failure of Georges Bizet’s Carmen. Following the Materials of the French Press of the Years 1875–1883
Authors:   Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory, Bulycheva Anna V. , Arutyunova Elena A. ,   Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory
Published: October 2023

The stage fate of Georges Bizet’s last opera Carmen has become surrounded by legends for a long time. For a long period of time in musicology in Russia and in other countries it was considered that the composition was received rather coldly by the critics, whereas the world premiere, which took place on March 3, 1875 resulted in a failure. An analysis of the articles published in the periodicals of 1875 reveals the erroneousness of this fact: the reviews of the first production of Carmen were almost unanimously positive, and not a single harshly negative review was published. In order to understand the reason for the origin of the myth about the opera’s failure, it is worth examining the critical articles published from the moment of its first production up to the revival of Carmen at the Opéra-comique in 1883. The nineteenth century became a time of flourishing of the French press. In Paris alone there were over a hundred newspapers and illustrated magazines, around sixty of which responded to the premiere of Carmen. Among the authors of the reviews there were both significant musicologists, composers and literati, as well as journalists whose names have remained unknown. Virtually every critical article examines important questions of the libretto, the score, the performance and the formatting. It follows from the materials of the press that after the first production the main criticism was expressed in regard to the chosen plotline and the libretto, while the music received quite favorable estimation. After Bizet’s death in June 1875, the opera remained under the steadfast attention of the public, continued to receive exuberant reviews and was withdrawn from the repertoire of the Opéra-comique after two successful seasons due to the requirement of renewing the repertoire. In 1883 Carmen returned to the Paris scene as a masterpiece acknowledged throughout the world, and it was particularly at the moment of the opera’s revival the myth began to form of the failure of its premiere. This legend, created by the directorate of the Opéra-comique for the sake of attracting the audiences’ attention, was quickly disseminated and fixated itself into the consciousness of the public and the critics. Not least important was the role played in its popularization by the effect of substitution of reminiscences and the image formed around Bizet of a romantic artist and an unrecognized genius, which predominated in the 19th century.
The Dancing Prometheus: Beethoven and Ballet
Authors:   Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory, State Institute for Art Studies, Kirillina Larissa V.
Published: October 2023

Beethoven’s music has frequently appeared in ballet productions in the 20th and early 21st centuries. However, his only full-scale ballet, Die Geschöpfe des Prometheus (1801), remains outside of the theatrical mainstream. Meanwhile, this work was important for both of its creators: the great choreographer Salvatore Viganò and Beethoven. The ‘Promethean’ line in Beethoven’s and Viganò’s legacy continued after the ballet’s premiere in 1801. A number of Beethoven’s works from 1801–1804 are united by the so-called ‘Promethean theme’ (the quotation or reminiscence from the final counterdance of the ballet). Viganò, not satisfied with the Vienna production of Prometheus of 1801, staged an expanded version of the ballet in Milan in 1813. In that performance, it became possible to accentuate the moments covert in the Vienna version: the striking analogies between the images of Prometheus and Christ. Being a good musician, Vigano used fragments of Beethoven’s other new works, besides Prometheus, in his ballets in Milan. Their artistic quests ran parallel to each other, although Beethoven never turned to the genre of the ballet afterwards. The magnificent orchestral score of Die Geschöpfe des Prometheus has taken on a life of its own. The ballet in its 1801 version was rarely staged during the 19th and the 20th centuries. However, there has been a revival of interest in it in the 21st century. In recent years, a number of stage incarnations of Beethoven’s ballet have appeared, in which the plot has undergone various transformations. Francesca Harper proposed a reading of the work by means of contemporary dance (2005, New York). At the same time, Helena Kazarova staged Die Geschöpfe des Prometheus in an authentic manner in 2016 (Czech Republic, Valtice Castle Theater). Another solution – a very ascetic and symbolist one – was proposed by Attila Egerhazy, who staged the ballet in 2017 by means of the Dance Center of the Prague Conservatory. Finally, in 2021 in Bologna, choreographer Monica Miniucchi created a performance based on Die Geschöpfe des Prometheus bearing very little resemblance to a traditional ballet, performed mainly by means of pantomime. All these endeavors show that Beethoven’s sole ballet is by no means a museum legacy of the past. It has the ability of becoming an organic part of contemporary musical theater.
STRATEGI KEPOLISIAN DALAM PENCEGAHAN PEREDARAN PERANGKAT TAK BERSERTIFIKAT DI WILAYAH HUKUM POLDA METRO JAYA
Authors: Maulana Miraj Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Peredaran perangkat tak bersertifikat di wilayah hukum Polda Metro Jaya merupakan isu yang semakin meresahkan. Kualitas dan keamanan perangkat tersebut menjadi pertanyaan serius, dan kehadiran perangkat tak bersertifikat dapat mengancam ketertiban masyarakat dan keamanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji strategi kepolisian dalam pencegahan peredaran perangkat tak bersertifikat di wilayah hukum Polda Metro Jaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengeksplorasi jurnal, buku dan informasi lain yang relevan dengan penelitian di Google Schoolar. Data yang telah terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dalam tiga tahapan yakni reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa strategi kepolisian dalam pencegahan peredaran perangkat tak bersertifikat di wilayah hukum Polda Metro Jaya dapat dikategorikan menjadi dua, yaitu strategi preventif dan respresif. Strategi preventif meliputi sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat, serta kerja sama dengan produsen perangkat elektronik. Sedangkan strategi represif meliputi operasi penertiban perangkat tak bersertifikat.
МЯСНАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ МОЛОДНЯКА КАЛМЫЦКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ОТ СЕЛЕКЦИИ СКОТА
Authors: Адушинов Дмитрий Семенович , Гордеева Анастасия Калистратовна , Михашенко Альберт Андреевич , Безруков Сергей Андреевич , Усманов Альберт Болатович
Published: October 2023

В настоящее время одной из основных задач агропромышленного комплекса Российской Федерации является обеспечение населения мясом, в частности говядиной, необходимо увеличивать объемы мясного производства. В последние годы при работе с калмыцкой породой стремятся создать животных с формами тела и соотношением отдельных органов и тканей, обеспечивающими наибольший выход мясной продукции самого лучшего качества. При отборе предпочтение отдают животным с хорошо развитыми спиной, крестцом и окороком. Селекционеры добиваются того, чтобы эти стати тела развивались в возможно более раннем возрасте (обычно их развитие затягивается). Одним из признаков скороспелости скота является отложение ими жира в сравнительно раннем возрасте. Эта способность у них гораздо лучше выражена, чем у скота молочных пород и имеют емкий пищеварительный тракт, облегчающий активное извлечение питательных веществ из корма.
СУЩНОСТЬ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПРОЦЕССНОГО ПОДХОДА В УПРАВЛЕНИИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕМ
Authors: Шаргородская Олеся Владимировна
Published: October 2023

Научная статья посвящена изучению сущности процессного подхода, как инструмента достижения поставленных целей предприятия. Определены показатели оценки эффективности применения подхода. Выявлены перспективы использования процессного подхода при управлении предприятием. Произведена сравнительная характеристика функционального и процессного подходов. Составлена схема процессного управления предприятием, регламентирующая основные принципы и преимущества процессного подхода в управлении предприятием.

The scientific article is devoted to studying the essence of the process approach as a tool for achieving the set goals of the enterprise. Indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the approach have been determined. The prospects for using the process approach in enterprise management have been identified. The comparative description of the functional and process approaches is made. The process management scheme for an enterprise has been drawn up, regulating the basic principles and advantages of the process approach in enterprise management.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПЕННЫХ РАСТВОРОВ В БУРЕНИИ И ОСВОЕНИИ НЕФТЯНЫХ И ГАЗОВЫХ СКВАЖИН В УСЛОВИИ АНОМАЛЬНО НИЗКОГО ПЛАСТОВОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Гелдиева Чынар Гуванчовна
Published: October 2023

В статье рассмотрен и проведен анализ использования пенных растворов в бурении и освоении нефтяных и газовых скважин в условиях аномально низкого пластового давления для предотвращения осложнений и кольматаций продуктивных горизонтов. Разработанная пенная система при применении в условиях аномально низкого пластового давления в нефтегазопромысловой практике, привела к интенсификации добычи нефти и газа путем воздействия на пласт, а также на призабойную зону. Данная статья может быть полезна при проектировании разработки нефтяных и газовых скважин при капитальном ремонте скважин с аномально низкими пластовыми давлениями с целью избежание осложнений и кольматаций продуктивных горизонтов.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НАПОЛНИТЕЛЕЙ И быстро затвердевающих тампонов ДЛЯ ЛИКВИДАЦИИ ПОГЛОЩЕНИЙ ПРИ БУРЕНИИ СКВАЖИН
Authors: Гелдиева Чынар Гуванчовна
Published: October 2023

В статье рассмотрено исследование применения наполнителей и быстро затвердевающих тампонов для ликвидации поглощений при бурение скважин. Приведено заключение лабораторных исследований по определению преимущества разработанных разных видов наполнителей в основном глинистого тампона, бентонитно-цементного тампона и тамон на полимерной основе. Данная статья может быть использована с целью предотвращения поглощений в процессе бурение и капитальном ремонте нефтяных и газовых скважин.
CORPORATE CULTURE AS A FACTOR IN ORGANIZATIONAL PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Шерстнева Кристина Владимировна
Published: October 2023

В статье рассматривается актуальность перспективного исследования корпоративной культуры организации как фактора развития персонала, описаны ее ключевые функции и области практического применения результатов исследования.

The article discusses the relevance of a long-term study of an organization's corporate culture as a factor in personnel development, describes its key functions and areas of practical application of the research results.
NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN CHẤN THƯƠNG XƯƠNG THÁI DƯƠNG TẠI THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ NĂM 2021-2023
Authors: Võ Văn Năm , Phạm Thanh Thế , Hồ Lê Hoài Nhân
Published: October 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Chấn thương xương thái dương là vấn đề thường gặp trong thực hành lâm sàng. Tuy nhiên, các tổn thương trong xương thái dương dễ bị bỏ sót do thường kèm tổn thương nội sọ. Hiện nay, chụp cắt lớp vi tính là phương tiện rất tốt để đánh giá các tổn thương trong xương thái dương. Tuy nhiên, có nhiều hệ thống phân loại đường vỡ. Hệ thống phân loại cổ điển chia thành vỡ dọc, vỡ ngang, vỡ hỗn hợp. Hệ thống phân loại dựa theo mê đạo xương chia thành vỡ tổn thương mê đạo xương và vỡ không tổn thương mê đạo xương. Mỗi hệ thống phân loại giúp tiên lượng các triệu chứng lâm sàng khác nhau. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và mối liên quan giữa các hệ thống phân loại đường vỡ với triệu chứng của bệnh nhân chấn thương xương thái dương tại thành phố Cần Thơ năm 2021-2023. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: 65 trường hợp chấn thương xương thái dương được điều trị tại Bệnh viện Tai Mũi Họng Cần Thơ và Bệnh viện Đa khoa Trung ương Cần Thơ. Kết quả: Đặc điểm lâm sàng: nghe kém 78,4%, liệt mặt 32,3%. Hình ảnh CLVT: tổn thương xương con 27,7%. Hệ thống phân loại cổ điển có mối liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê với tổn thương xương con (p<0,05). Trong khi đó, phân loại đường vỡ dựa theo mê đạo xương cho thấy mối liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê với nghe kém, liệt mặt (p<0,05). Kết luận: Chấn thương xương thái dương có biểu hiện lâm sàng và hệ thống phân loại đường vỡ đa dạng. Chụp cắt lớp vi tính có vai trò rất quan trọng để đánh giá các tổn thương trong xương thái dương. Hệ thống phân loại cổ điển giúp tiên lượng tổn thương xương con. Hệ thống phân loại dựa theo mê đạo xương giúp tiên lượng tốt các triệu chứng lâm sàng nghe kém, liệt mặt.
Finans Sektörünü Yapay Zekâ İle Birlikte Okumak: Yenilikler, Fırsatlar ve Engeller
Authors: Özdemir Ahmet
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışma yapay zekânın gelişim sürecinde finans araçlarında nasıl bir değişim ve yenilikler getirdiğiyle ilgilidir. Yapay zekâ bir yandan teknolojik bir gelişim içerisinde değerlendirilirken öte yandan etki sahası toplumsal ve ekonomik yaşantımızı da bütünüyle etkilemektedir. Yapay zekânın hızlı bir şekilde yaygınlaşması ve kullanım alanın çeşitlenmesi sonucu ekonomik faaliyetler bu değişime ayak uydurmak zorundadır. Özellikle finans sektöründe yapay zekâ kullanımı son yıllarda hızlı bir artış göstermiştir. Bu çağın gerekliliklerini yerine getirmekle birlikte kaynakların etkin ve verimli bir biçimde kullanılmasını kolaylaştırmak, şüpheli işlemleri minimize etmek veya ortadan kaldırmak, kullanıcı hizmeti ve memnuniyeti için yeni ürünler sunmak ve finans sektöründe kullanılan diğer tüm araçların işlevsel niteliklerini güçlendirmek gibi amaçlar etrafında yapay zekânın kullanım alanı betimlenebilir. Çalışma, sistematik bir literatür incelemesiyle yapay zekâ kullanım alanlarının ve örneklerinin bir açıklamasını sunmaktadır. Aynı zamanda yapay zekânın tarihsel bir izdüşümüyle birlikte çalışma yapay zekânın finans alanında hangi yeniliklere gebe olacağını da açıklamaktadır.
Halkla İlişkiler ve Finansal Teknoloji (FinTech)
Authors: Özaydın Haydar
Published: October 2023

FinTech, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisi alanında kaydedilen gelişmelerden tam anlamıyla yararlanabilen, hızla gelişen ve değişimin hızlı yaşandığı bir sektördür. Teknolojiyle birlikte yeni hizmetlerin ve iş modellerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik olanaklarda sunabilmektedir. FinTech’lerin yoğunlaşan rekabet ortamlarında benzerlerinden ayrışabilmeleri için halkla ilişkilerin yeteneklerine ihtiyacı vardır. Halkla ilişkiler ve dijital iletişim uygulamalarını dâhil ederek hedef kitlesiyle etkileşim kurarak, uyum sağlama ve yenilik yapma yeteneği, FinTech sektöründe faaliyet gösteren firmalar üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olabilecektir. FinTech pazarında yaşanan gelişmeler tüketicilerle, işletmelerle ve yatırımcı ilişkilerinde güvenlik, marka bilinirliği gibi pek çok kavramı gündeme getirmiş olup FinTech alanı için halkla ilişkiler ve uygulamalarının önemini arttırmıştır. Bu çalışma, finansal teknoloji (FinTech) sektörü için halkla ilişkiler stratejilerinin önemine değinmeye çalışarak FinTech ile halkla ilişkiler arasındaki ilişkiyi güncel gelişmeler ve literatürde yer alan çalışmalar bağlamında değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Halkla ilişkiler stratejileri ile finansal teknoloji konuları arasındaki ilişkiyi; güven, uyum, tüketici memnuniyeti, B2B ve B2C dinamiklerinin yanı sıra FinTech endüstrisindeki yatırımcı ilişkilerine de ışık tutmaya çalışmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra, finansal halkla ilişkiler alanında yatırımcı ilişkileri ve finansal iletişimin önemli yönleri de FinTech sektörü açısından incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Toplam Enerji Arzı İçerisindeki Payı: Türkiye İncelemesi
Authors: Yalkı Akiş
Published: October 2023

Enerji, tüm sektörlerin vazgeçilmez girdisi olduğu için gelişen teknoloji, artan nüfus ve yükselen hayat standartlarının da etkisiyle enerji talebi her geçen gün artış göstermekte ve yurt içi kaynakları hızla artan bu talebi karşılamakta yetersiz kalmaktadır. Günümüzde, enerji talebinin karşılanmasında hala fosil yakıtlar hakimdir. Ayrıca, Dünya’nın öncelikli problemi olan iklim değişikliğinin birinci sebebinin fosil yakıtlar olması nedeniyle de ülke politikalarında yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının önemi artmaktadır. Bu amaçla, bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin enerji kaynaklarının dağılımı analiz edilerek yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının toplan enerji arzı içerisindeki payı betimsel analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bu analizin sonuçlarına göre, yıllar itibariyle, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarında artış söz konusu olsa da aynı zamanda artan toplam enerji arzı dolayısıyla, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının toplam enerji arzı içerisindeki payında önemli bir değişiklik olmadığı görülmektedir. 1990 yılında %18,75 olan yenilenebilir enerji arzı payı, 2021 yılında %16,21 seviyesinde gerçekleşmiştir. Fosil enerji kaynaklarının payının ise, ortalama olarak %85,9 ile Türkiye’nin enerji arzında hakim olan konumunu korumaktadır. 1990 yılında %45,44 ile en büyük paya sahip petrolün yerini 2021 yılında %31,01 ile doğalgaza bırakması dikkat çekmektedir. Aynı şekilde, biyoyakıt ve atık enerji kaynaklarının %13,99 olan değeri %2,74’e düşerek yerini güneş ve rüzgar enerjisine bırakmıştır. Fosil yakıtlar ile yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kendi kaynakları arasında gerçekleşen bu geçiş dolayısıyla, Türkiye’nin enerji arzındaki yenilenebilir enerjinin payının değişmediği görülmektedir.
Bildiğimiz Büyümenin Sonu (mu)? İklim Krizi Çağında Döngüsel Ekonomi ve İktisat Politikası Arayışları
Authors: Kozal Özge
Published: October 2023

Büyümenin nasıl sağlanacağı, iktisat literatürünün en önemli tartışma alanlarının başında gelmekte ve sürekli yeni açılımlar kazanmaktadır. 1970’li yıllara kadar kalkınmanın, gelişmenin, modernleşmenin ön koşulu olarak görülen büyümenin, özellikle iklim krizi ve derinleşen eşitsizliklerle beraber eski mitsel rolünün sarsıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada da 21. yüzyılın yeni bilim paradigması olan bağlantısal bütünsellik kavrayışına referansla, iklim krizi çağında daha adil, kapsayıcı bir gelişme kavrayışına neden ihtiyaç duyulduğu yeniden tartışmaya açılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede ilk olarak, ekolojik krizin boyutları eşitsizlikler bağlamında incelenmekte, ardından döngüsel ekonomi modelinin ana hatları planlı küçülme tartışmalarıyla birlikte ele alınmaktadır. 21. yüzyıl için iktisat politikası üretirken dikkate alınması gereken noktaların tartışmaya açıldığı bu çalışma, döngüsel ekonominin daha adil ve kapsayıcı bir gelişme için bir yol haritası sunma potansiyelini vurgularken, politika yapıcılar için pratik öneriler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
CO2 Emisyonunu Etkileyen Göstergeler: Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Analizi
Authors: Fındıkçı Erdoğan Mefule
Published: October 2023

Sürdürülebilir bir kalkınma stratejisi oluşturulurken, ekonomik büyüme ve çevre koruma arasındaki denge kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu dengenin sağlana bilmesi için çevre ve ekonomik kalkınma ilişkisinin yön ve şeklinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Çevresel faktörler ekonomik, sosyal ve demografik göstergelerin bir yan etkisi olarak oluştuğu gibi bu göstergeleri de etkilemektedir. Özellikle son dönemlerde ortaya çıkan çevre kirliliği ve iklim değişikliğinin ekonomik, finansal, sosyal, demografik etkilerinin bireysel, kurumsal ve toplumsal sonuçları izlenmeden kaliteli gelişme ve kalkınma sürecinin tasarlanması mümkün gözükmemektedir. Bu bağlamda çevresel faktörleri etkileme ve etkilenme şeklinin belirlenmesi oluşturulacak politika kararları açısından yol gösterici bir niteliğe sahip olacaktır. Çalışmada, çevre kirliliğini etkileyen faktörlerin gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler bağlamında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çevre kirliliği göstergesi olarak literatürde sıklıkla ele alınan CO2 emisyonu kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada 2009-2020 dönemi için seçilmiş gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan 62 ülkenin verileri kullanılarak CO2 emisyonunu etkileyen göstergeler dinamik panel veri analizi yöntemi ile irdelenmiştir. Çalışmada kişi başına milli gelir, enerji yoğunluğu, yüksek teknoloji ihracatı ve nüfus göstergeleri ele alınırken ayrıca çalışmada küresel ekonomik faaliyetlerin sekteye uğradığı COVID-19 dönemi kukla değişken olarak modele dahil edilmiş ve dönemin CO2 emisyonuna etkisi incelenmiştir.  Çalışmada, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler açısından CO2 emisyonunun göstergelerden etkilenme yönünün farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir.
Ekonomik Büyüme ve Çevre Kirliliği: Türkiye için Bir Kuznets Eğrisi Analizi
Authors: Şeker Hilal
Published: October 2023

Sanayileşmenin artması, iklimsel değişiklikler, küreselleşme, kentleşme ve daha pek çok faktörün bir araya gelmesiyle çevre kalitesinin azalması, iktisat ve çevre bilimini yakınlaştırarak ekonomik faaliyetlerin çevre üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymak için yeni bir çalışma alanı oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Çevre kirliliği ve ekonomik faaliyetlerin birbiri üzerinde ne denli etkin olduğu, kalkınma iktisadı ile birlikte daha da dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. Petrol, enerji, kömür gibi doğal kaynak kullanımındaki artışlar çevresel bozulmayı hızlandırmış, kalkınmanın sürdürülebilirliği konusunda endişeleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye Ekonomisi için 1975-2018 dönemi yıllık verileri esas alınarak, ARDL Sınır Testi yardımı ile Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin geçerliliği, kuadratik form kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Modelde ekolojik ayak izi ve kişi başına düşen GSYİH arasındaki ilişkiler ortaya konmaya çalışılmış; bulgulara göre uzun dönemde Y, Y2 değişkenleri ile ekolojik ayak izi arasında sırasıyla pozitif ve negatif ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezini destekler niteliktedir. Ayrıca ARDL eş bütünleşme analizine ek olarak, bulguları güçlendirmek amacıyla Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testi yapılmış ve ekonomik büyümeden çevre kirliliğine doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulgulanmıştır.
Surgical treatment of respiratory tuberculosis patients in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Grischenko N. G. , Krasnov D. V. , Naryshkina S. L. , Skvortsov D. A.
Published: October 2023

The objective: to analyze the quality of phthisiosurgical care in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts monitored by Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute (NTRI).

Subjects and Methods. Statistical reports for 2019 from phthisiosurgical departments of 17 Russian regions within the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts were analyzed. The reports refl ected the initial period of the pandemic.

Results. The analysis of the quality of phthisiosurgical care in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts covered the areas monitored by Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute, the Russian Ministry of Health. The main performance rates of phthisiosurgical departments of 17 Russian regions are presented for 2019, they demonstrate a positive trend, and their facilities and resources have signifi cantly improved. The trend towards reduction of phthisiosurgical beds is observed in the regions, which may be due to the service centralization and improved access to surgical and high-tech care in federal institutions. Surgical departments possesses substantial reserves for increasing the number of surgeries, one of which is the revision of cohorts.
Caso clínico: plan de cuidados en paciente sometido a implantación de dispositivo reductor de seno coronario
Authors: Sanz López Verónica
Published: October 2023

La angina refractaria es aquel dolor crónico (> tres meses) relacionado con la isquemia miocárdica asociada a una enfermedad de las arterias coronarias que no cede a pesar del tratamiento, ya sea farmacológico o de revascularización percutánea o quirúrgica. Es un trastorno cada vez más frecuente debido a la disminución de la mortalidad asociada a la cardiopatía isquémica, a causa del avance tecnológico y del desarrollo del intervencionismo coronario percutáneo.
Cuando no es posible una nueva revascularización de las arterias coronarias ya sea de forma quirúrgica mediante bypass o percutánea con la implantación de stent, además de haber agotado todas las opciones del tratamiento farmacológico, surge un nuevo dispositivo (Reducer de la compañía World Medica) que reduce el flujo en el seno coronario y que favorece la circulación colateral, aumentando así la perfusión miocárdica y, por lo tanto, disminuyendo la angina de pecho refractaria, lo que conlleva un aumento de la calidad de vida del paciente.
Se describe el caso clínico de un varón de 66 años con diagnóstico de angina refractaria y al que se le va a realizar el implante de un dispositivo reductor del seno coronario. Tras realizarle la valoración de enfermería según los patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon, se elaboró un plan de cuidados teniendo como referencia la taxonomía de la Asociación Norteamericana de Diagnósticos de Enfermería, la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería y la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería. Se identificaron los siguientes diagnósticos: dolor crónico, intolerancia a la actividad, ansiedad y conocimientos deficientes, que tras la ejecución de las intervenciones se lograron la mayoría de los objetivos propuestos.

Palabras clave: angina de pecho, isquemia miocárdica, revascularización miocárdica, seno coronario, cuidados enfermeros.
The Process of Synthesizing Paracetamol Involves the Utilization of Acetic Anhydride to Acetylate p-Aminophenol
Authors: Sandrina Selly , Ahmad Fauzan
Published: October 2023

The acetylation process using acetic anhydride entails substituting a hydroxyl group (OH) on p-aminophenol with an acetyl group (-COCH3), resulting in the synthesis of paracetamol. In addition to acetic anhydride, this reaction necessitates the presence of a catalyst that enhances the reaction rate for improved efficiency. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the process of synthesizing paracetamol through the acetylation of p-aminophenol using acetic anhydride. The literature search was conducted using multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, Cochrane Libraries, and Google Scholar, to explore the synthesis of paracetamol through the acetylation of p-aminophenol using acetic anhydride. A sulfuric acid catalyst is often used to mix p-aminophenol with acetic anhydride in the process of making paracetamol. This approach is commonly employed in the synthesis of paracetamol. Colorimetric analysis, employing FeCl3 solution, is a widely utilized method in analytical chemistry for the identification of specific compounds. This approach relies on the observation and interpretation of color changes that occur during the reaction. The Rf value of 0.88, which is identical to that of pure paracetamol, confirms that the combination of p-aminophenol and acetic anhydride produces the most effective acetylation process with a yield of 59.5% and a high level of purity. The resulting product exhibits a melting point range of 169–170°C and an infrared spectrum that is indistinguishable from that of pure paracetamol.
Specific impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the profitability of logistics companies based in the Western Balkan countries
Authors: Tica Teodora , Vuković Bojana , Saković Dušan , Jakšić Dejan
Published: October 2023

The aim of this paper is to theoretically and empirically present the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on profitability. In difficult economic times caused by coronavirus, companies that supplied logistical services assisted other businesses in successfully conducting their daily business operations. On the other side, the pandemic has been a contributing factor in the massive interruption in transportation flows all over the world. The research was conducted on a sample of 798 active companies that operated within the logistics industry of the Western Balkans in the period from 2015 to 2020. An empirical research was performed using panel regression analysis. Evaluation of the fixed-effect models confirmed the existence of a positive and statistically significant impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the profitability expressed through return on total assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The results confirmed the specificity of the logistics industry, indicating that it is one of the few industries that have managed to achieve higher profitability during the crisis and recession brought by the pandemic in early 2020. Given that the logistics sector has played a vital role in supplying household supplies, medicines and medical equipment, the results could help logistics companies to further improve operational performance and risk management in pandemic situations, as well as to improve the resilience of their activities to future similar crises.
Taxes and income inequality in the European Union: A quantile regression approach
Authors: Vržina Stefan , Luković Stevan
Published: October 2023

This paper tests the role of taxes in reducing income inequality in the European Union members. Using Eurostat data on Gini coefficients in a 14-year period, a slight growing trend of income inequality is found. The main findings indicate that taxes have a negative and statistically significant impact on income inequality, though this impact is relatively weak. A quantile regression estimates suggest that the redistributive power of taxes is highest in the most unequal societies and vice versa. It implies that taxes reduce income inequality mostly in the early stages of government efforts toward reducing income inequality. In the paper it is argued that combating cross-border tax avoidance is of the first-order importance for reducing income inequality instead of increasing statutory tax rates or progressivity of taxes. Research results are robust to changes of sampling period and lagging independent variables.
Inspecting the influence of macroeconomic factors on stock returns: The case of Serbia
Authors: Đaković Miloš , Pjanić Miloš , Inđić Milica
Published: October 2023

In many developed economies, a stable financial market is the basis for the growth and development of a country's well-being. The movement of stock prices is, in many ways, a reflection of the development of the largest companies in a country. In this paper, we deal with the analysis of the impact of macroeconomic indicators such as inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates on stock prices on the stock market. The goal of the paper is a deeper understanding of how the movements of macroeconomic indicators affect the movement of stock prices and, at the same time, the economic growth of the largest companies. The analysis used monthly data on changes in inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates, together with the prices of shares of companies listed on the Belgrade Stock Exchange (BelexLine index) for the period from 2015 to 2021. The index itself contains a sample of 29 companies. The findings indicate the existence of a unidirectional relationship between interest rate changes and stock prices, and a bidirectional relationship between stock price changes and changes in inflation and interest rates. In addition to these two tests, the authors graphically show the impulse response of indicators as well as the decomposition of data variation, which indicates that the changes in stock price are explained mostly by the variance in the stock price itself. The results also indicate that the primary change of the BelexLine index to itself is positive, while in other periods there is a negative reaction, but at the end of the period, there is stabilization after the original occurrence of the shock.
Prevalence of dyslipidemia and the association with levels of TSH and T4 hormones among patients in south region of Jordan
Authors: Atrooz Omar , Hiresh Mazen , Dlewan Alghonmeen , Atrooz Mohammad , Hiresh Ghofran , Alasoufi Aseel , Atrooz Ihssan
Published: October 2023

Background: Glycolipid metabolism disorders (dysglycolipidemia) are characterized by elevated levels of glycolipid profile components and fasting blood glucose. Dysglycolipidemia are major threats to human health and life. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study is to estimate the prevalence of dysglycolipidemia and the existence of association of TSH and T4 and glycolipid profiles. Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from the medical laboratory of Ma'an Governmental Hospital. A total of 141 patients' results were collected (18-60 years). Differences in the glycolipidemic profiles according to age and sex and TSH and T4 were compared. Different statistical analyses were used to analyze the prevalence of dysglycolipidemia and the correlation with the levels of TSH and T4. Results: The study involved results of 141 patients (54.7% males and 45.3% females) in Ma'an Province (Jordan), who visited the internal medicine clinic at Ma'an Governmental Hospital. Patients have overweight and BMI of more than 25 kg/m2. The overall results of the prevalence of dyslipidemia indicated that patients have 42.5% of hypercholesterolemia, 48.2% of high LDL-C, 34.1% of hypertriglyceridemia, and 41.8% of low HDL-C. The prevalence of isolated lipid profiles showed that 10 patients have mixed dyslipidemia. The association of dyslipidemia with age indicated a positive significance between triglyceride and older people (≥40 years), while HDL levels have a significance with gender (p=0.025). The overall ANOVA model yielded non-statistical significant results between levels of any components of lipid profile and levels of TSH and T4 hormones. Welch test (p=0.036) showed positive significance between levels of fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels. Conclusions: Our results showed and confirmed the presence of a high percentage of hyperlipidemia in Ma'an province and there was no relationship with levels of TSH and T4. A relationship exists between levels of triglycerides and blood glucose concentrations.
Ornamented singing in the folk songs of the Slovaks in Stará Pazova, Serbia
Authors: Lomen Kristina
Published: October 2023

The traditional songs of the Slovaks in Stará Pazova in Vojvodina, Serbia, have several peculiarities. Their ornamentation is unusual not only in comparison with the folk songs of the other Slovak localities in Vojvodina, but also with the repertoire of Slovak songs in present-day Slovakia. After an overview of the documentation of ornamented singing in this locality, the author proposes a typology of the ornaments and specifies three ornamented styles. She points out their diversity when rendered by the older and the younger generation and discusses the genesis of ornamented singing in the Slovak folk songs of this locality.
Diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Stojanović Milanka , Stojčić Nadežda
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammatory reaction that causes autodigestion of the pancreas, edema, bleeding, and can lead to pancreatic necrosis and necrosis of the surrounding tissue. Since the initial symptoms of mild, moderate and severe pancreatitis are the same, doctors often cannot determine the severity of AP with certainty based on the first examination. Aim of the work: Numerous biomarkers have been studied as potential early predictors of the severity of this disease, so that treatment can be optimally adapted to prevent complications. The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the most important inflammatory markers that are used, or can potentially be used to determine the severity of acute pancreatitis. Inflammatory markers: Markers of inflammation in AP are: the hormone procalcitonin, then reactants of the acute phase such as C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, pentraxin 3; enzymes: polymorphonuclear elastase, phospholipase A2, myeloperoxidase; cytokines: interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a). Conclusion: The most frequently determined parameter in clinical practice is CRP, as a non-specific marker of inflammatory diseases. The disadvantage in determining this parameter is that the maximum serum value is reached only 72 hours after the onset of AP symptoms. Numerous biomarkers have proven to be more sensitive for determining the severity of AP, of which procalcitonin stands out, which has been widely used in recent years, for the early prognosis of the development of local complications and multiorgan failure in AP. Cytokine determination is increasingly part of clinical practice. The most commonly used IL-6 is a sensitive and specific marker for predicting organ failure in severe AP
ANALISIS KOMPARATIF TINGKAT KESEHATAN KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM DI KABUPATEN KAUR
Authors: Kresnawati Kresnanawati , Lestari Puji , Fitria Desi , Yusmaniarti Yusmaniarti
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan Koperasi Simpan Pinjam di Kabupaten kaur. Karena banyak ksp yang tidak melakukan Rapat Anggota Tahunan (RAT), melakukan pelanggaran terhadap ketentuan-ketentuan internal maupun eksternal koperasi, koperasi yang tidak melakukan aktivitas operasionalnya dan atas permasalahan tersebut maka koperasi akhirnya berstatus pasif dan harus dibekukan. Sehingga peneliti melakukan penelitian terhadap 8 koperasi sebgai sampel dan peneliti dapat menganalisis perbandingan antar koperasi  dilihat dari aspek Permodalan, Kualitas Aktiva Produktif, Manajemen, Efisiensi, Likuiditas, Kemandirian dan Pertumbuhan serta Jati Diri Koperasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan catatan laporan keungan koperasi simpan pinjam tahun 2017-2018. Data yang digunakan yaitu data kuantitatif dimana data tersebut didapat langsung dari masing-masing KSP. Dengan populasi sebanyak 74 ksp dan sampel sebanyak 8 ksp. Dalam pengumpulan datanya peneliti menggunakan metode dokumentasi, studi pustaka dan kuisioner sedangkan untuk teknik analisis data penelitian ini  dihitung menggunakan Rasio berdasarkan Peraturan Mentri Negara Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil Menengah Republik Indonesia Nomor: 06/Per/Dep.6/IV/2016 guna memperoleh skor tingkat kesehatan koperasi simpan pinjam. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesehatan KSP di Kabupaten Kaur yang berjumlah 8 Koperasi Simpan Pinjam pada tahun 2017, 6 KSP dengan Predikat Cukup Sehat dan 4 KSP dengan predikat Dalam Pengawasan. dan pada tahun 2018, 4 koperasi mendapat pedikat cukup sehat dan 4 koperasi lagi memiliki pedikat dalam pengawasan. Dari hasil penelitian ini ada beragam predikat yang diperoleh masing-masing ksp di kabupaten kaur ini bisa menjadi panduan untuk setiap koperasi agar mampu meningkatkan kinerjanya berdasarkan aspek yang dinilai dalam pengawasan agar kinerja koperasi tersebut bisa lebih bail lagi dan dapat bertahan lama menjalankan tujuannya.
IMPLEMENTASI KODE HUFFMAN DALAM APLIKASI KOMPRESI TEXT PADA LAYANAN SMS
Authors: Reswan Yuza , Agung Prabowo Dedy
Published: October 2023

Layanan SMS merupakan cara pengiriman pesan singkat dalam waktu cepat dengan relative murah, pesan singkat yang akan dikirimkan dengan kapasitas maksimal 140 byte untuk setiap pesan. Untuk mangatasi kesulitan penyampaian pesan dengan jumlah karakter banyak ataupun karakter dengan bit besar, maka dibuatlah suatu aplikasi untuk melakukan kompresi teks dengan menggunakan algoritma Huffman. Aplikasi kompresi SMS merupakan serangkaian proses yang berupa kompresi pengiriman, penerimaan dan, penampilan. Proses kompresi itu sendiri merupakan suatu proses encoding yang akan menjadikan suatu data atau teks memiliki bit lebih kecil dari biasanya. Proses encoding dengan kode Huffman merupakan kode yang dibentuk berdasarkan frekuensi, kekerapan, yang muncul untuk suatu karakter dengan kekerapan kecil. Pembentukan kode Huffman dimulai dengan suatu pohon Huffman. Proses ini dilanjutkan dengan melakukan proses encoding terhadap karakter tersebut sesuai dengan kode Huffman yang ada. Setelah tersampaikan proses decoding dilanjutkan agar pesan dapat di baca kembali.