P0468RENAL OUTCOME AND MORTALITY OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN A THAI TERTIARY CARE CENTER
Authors: Janphram Chitimaporn , Kitiyakara Chagriya 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a common cause of End-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Asia and around the world. Most studies from renal registries have focused on the prevalence or clinical characteristics of patients with GN. Only a few registry-based data have focused on mortality and ESRD risks of different types of GN. There is limited data from low to middle income countries or from Southeast Asia. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the mortality and ESRD rates among patients with different types of GN referred for a kidney biopsy at a Thai tertiary care hospital.

Method

In this retrospective study, the data of patients (n=1,025) referred for a kidney biopsy at Ramathibodi Hospital from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2017 were reviewed. Patients were classified in to 11 different types of GN. Patient death and cause of death data was obtained from National Census office. ESRD data was obtained from the Thailand Nephrology Society ESRD registry which includes all patients on renal replacement therapies for greater than 3 months.

Results

Patients with inadequate specimen (n=66) or non-glomerular diseases (n=95) were excluded. Data from 864 patients with GN was analyzed. The age at kidney biopsy was 43.9 ± 16.8 years, median eGFR (CKD-EPI) was 42 (IQR 13-83) mL/min/1.73m2. The male:female ratio was 0.6. The prevalence of GN were: Lupus nephritis (26.8%), IgA nephropathy (18.2%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS 12.6 %), membranous nephropathy (11.9 %), diabetic nephropathy (10.8%), minimal change disease (9.7%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (4.3%), pauci-immune complex glomerulonephritis (2.3%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN 1.6%) and multiple myeloma (1.4%)

Median time follow up was 42 (IQR 23-62) months. Overall mortality was 13 %. Lupus nephritis accounted for highest proportion of all deaths (25%), followed by diabetic nephropathy (19.1%), FSGS (9%). Listed causes of deaths were: sepsis 22% and chronic kidney disease 8%. Mortality rates by disease were: multiple myeloma (50%), diabetic nephropathy (28.7%), MPGN (21.4%), pauci-immune complex GN (20%), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (15.8%), lupus nephritis (14.6%), membranous nephropathy (8.7%), FSGS (8.2%), minimal change disease (5.8%), IgA nephropathy (4.4%)

The incidence of ESRD was 14 %. LN accounted for the highest proportion (29%) of all ESRD, followed by IgA nephropathy (14%), and membranous nephropathy (13%). The rates of ESRD by disease were: multiple myeloma (33.3%), lupus nephritis (15%), membranous nephropathy (14.5%), minimal change disease (14.3%), MPGN (14.2%), IgA nephropathy (10.1%), FSGS (10.1%), diabetic nephropathy (7.4%), pauci-immune complex glomerulonephritis (5%), hypertensive nephroclerosis (2.6%).

Conclusion

Lupus nephritis is the most common GN and accounted for the highest proportion of all deaths and ESRD in this Thai cohort. IgA nephropathy is the most common primary GN and an important cause of ESRD, but the mortality rate is low compared to other GN. Membranous nephropathy has comparable prevalence to FSGS, but is a more important contributor to ESRD. Diabetic nephropathy has higher rate of mortality than ESRD. Multiple myleloma has the highest rate of both death and ESRD.