bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kebutuhan Bahan Ajar Interaktif Berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) Pada Topik Elektrolisis
Authors: Ahmad Fauzi Syahputra Yani
Published: April 2024

Teaching materials are an important aspect of the implementation of the teaching and learning process. In the post-covid-19 era, students are used to learning not only during class hours but also outside class hours. Teaching materials that can be used in this case are digital-based teaching materials. This research aims to analyze students' needs for interactive teaching materials that integrate augmented reality technology. This type of teaching material is digital teaching material that can be installed on students' gadgets such as smartphones and laptops. Students can access and learn anywhere and anytime. This research belongs to the realm of mixed methods which combines quantitative and qualitative research. Based on the results of a closed questionnaire filled out by chemistry education students who carried out PLP in Langsa city and the students showed an average percentage of 76.32%. This percentage is included in the mostly needy category. These results are supported by the results of an open questionnaire distributed to chemistry education students who carry out PLP in Langsa city and students. The results of an open questionnaire filled out by chemistry education students who carry out PLP in Langsa city and students also provide information that studying the reactions that occur at the cathode and anode is one of the main problems in studying electrolysis. This is because students feel that this topic is something abstract, so teaching materials are needed that accommodate this topic to make it more real in the eyes of students. In this case, augmented reality technology is an alternative technology that can be used.
Analysis of Ascorbic Acid in Facial Serum Using the Uv-Vis Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Tanafasa Diana Tanafasa
Published: April 2024

Vitamin C atau yang disebut asam askorbat C₆H₈O₆ yang diketahui sebagai sumber antioksidan besar yang dapat dijumpai pada makanan dan minuman. Antioksidantersebut berperan untuk inactivator reaksi oksidasi dan radikal bebas. Penelitian yang kami lakukan kali ini menggunakan metode spektrofotometer (UV-VIS) nilai rata-rata absorbansi sampel adalah 0,401. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu kadar asam askorbat yang terkandung dalam serum wajah sebesar 1,96% (b/v).
Does Discrimination in Childhood Reduce Trust and Participation Among Adult Immigrants?
Authors: Fretheim Ingeborg Sofie , Bråten Ragnhild Haugli , Kjær Julie Willerslev , Holm Arne , Henriksen Guro Landsend
Published: April 2024

Trust is an important determinant of well-functioning democratic societies. Immigrants, however, often have lower trust than the majority population. Experienced discrimination might be a factor in reducing trust levels among immigrants. In this study, we use data from a survey of young adults in Norway to investigate the relationship between experienced discrimination in childhood and trust as an adult among immigrant minorities and the majority population. We also investigate how trust and experienced discrimination are related to attachment to Norway, participation in voluntary organizations, and employment. We find that experienced discrimination in childhood is related to lower levels of both social and institutional trust. Discrimination does not, however, affect levels of participation or employment. Our findings support the view of both institutional and social trust as dynamic concepts that are shaped through experiences in life. Further, our results indicate that discrimination is likely to contribute to lower levels of trust among minorities.
The 4-th conference on the current problems of ecological education “Ecological information and ecological culture” (within the framework of the Seventh World Professional Forum “The Book. Culture. Education. Innovations”): A review
Authors: Bychkova E. F.
Published: April 2024

The reviews of library ecological activities have been regularly published in the Scientific and Technical Libraries journal since 2002. The author discusses the 4-th conference on the current problems of ecological education ”Ecological information and ecological culture”. The theme of the year 2023 was “The libraries and noospheric thinking: The 160th anniversary of V. I. Vernadsky”. The participants explored in more depth the role of libraries in ecological education and promotion of sustainable development goals (SDGs), linking this vector to the role of libraries as the centers of socially valuable information, creative industries and areawide development.
Outcomes after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy across large B-cell lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Bourlon Christianne , Roddie Claire , Menne Tobias , Norman Jane , O’Reilly Maeve , Gibb Adam , Besley Caroline , Chaganti Sridhar , Arias Carlos Gonzalez , Jones Ceri , Dikair Abdalla , Allen Sharon , Seymour Frances , Osborne Wendy , Mathew Amrith , Townsend William , Patten Piers EM , Thoulouli Eleni , Abdulgawad Ahmed , Lugthart Sanne , Sanderson Robin , Kirkwood Amy A , Kuhnl Andrea
Published: April 2024

Not available.
La influencia del aprendizaje automático en el futuro del análisis de tiempo estático
Authors: Torres Tello Julio
Published: April 2024

Introducción. El Análisis de Tiempo Estático (ATS), fundamental en el diseño de circuitos integrados, implica evaluar el rendimiento temporal de circuitos digitales bajo diversas condiciones para cumplir ciertas restricciones, mediante simulación. A pesar de su importancia, el ATS tradicional enfrenta varias limitaciones a la hora de considerar en sus modelos la creciente complejidad del proceso de fabricación de circuitos integrados. La inclusión de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) se vislumbra como una solución prometedora para mejorar la precisión y eficiencia del ATS, reduciendo así los ciclos de diseño en la industria electrónica. Objetivo.  Estudiar la influencia que tiene en la actualidad, y que puede tener a futuro la inclusión de la IA para la optimización del ATS, y por lo tanto para reducir los ciclos de diseño en la industria de la electrónica. Metodología.  La IA se ha integrado en el Análisis de Tiempo Estático (ATS), mejorando la precisión y eficiencia al estimar retrasos, modelar variaciones de proceso y optimizar rutas y procesos de síntesis. Esta integración permite abordar la complejidad y variabilidad de los circuitos integrados modernos, acelerando la convergencia del diseño, reduciendo iteraciones y mejorando la calidad del diseño. Además, IA se aplica en la caracterización del modelo para ATS, utilizando simulaciones adaptativas para acelerar el proceso de verificación y reducir significativamente el tiempo de comercialización, crucial en la industria de semiconductores. En este artículo se hace una revisión del estado actual y las proyecciones a futuro del aporte de la IA en el ATS. Discusión. El futuro del ATS promete una serie de avances que buscan mejorar sus capacidades y abordar los desafíos emergentes en el diseño de circuitos integrados. Estos desarrollos incluyen una mayor integración con el Aprendizaje Automático (ML) para mejorar la precisión y eficiencia. Con la evolución hacia nodos de proceso más pequeños, el ATS deberá adaptarse para manejar la mayor complejidad y variabilidad introducida, posiblemente empleando algoritmos de ML más sofisticados. Además, se espera que el ATS se enfoque más en consideraciones de potencia y confiabilidad, incorporando métricas adicionales y análisis de datos más complejos, posiblemente con la ayuda de la IA, para garantizar la eficiencia energética y la robustez contra problemas de confiabilidad. Conclusión.  El futuro del ATS se perfila hacia una constante innovación y adaptación para satisfacer las cambiantes necesidades de la industria de semiconductores. Aprovechando avances tecnológicos y metodológicos, el ATS jugará un papel crucial en asegurar la entrega puntual de diseños de circuitos integrados de alto rendimiento y fiabilidad. Dada la capacidad de optimización y análisis de datos de la IA, su potencial revolucionario en el ATS es considerable, especialmente ante la creciente inclusión de requisitos cada vez más exigentes. Área de la ciencia: ingeniería electrónica.
Kraniyal ve spinal cerrahi uygulanan hastaların konfor düzeyi ve etkileyen faktörler
Authors: Kızılcık Özkan Zeynep , Dığın Figen , Koç Emine
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Cerrahi süreçte yaşanılan sorunlar hasta konforunun bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı, kraniyal ve spinal cerrahi uygulanan hastaların konfor düzeyi ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki araştırma, bir üniversite hastanesinin beyin ve sinir cerrahisi kliniğinde Ağustos 2022-Ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında 100 hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler Hasta Tanıtım Formu ve Perianestezi Konfor Ölçeği ile toplandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hastaların yaş ortalamasının 57.3±16.3 yıl olduğu belirlendi. Hastaların %61’i erkek, %71’i cerrahi deneyime sahipti. Hastaların Perianestezi Konfor Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 4.48±1.14 olarak belirlendi. Ağrı varlığına göre hastaların Perianestezi Konfor Ölçeği puan ortalamalarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklı olduğu bulundu. Sonuç: Kraniyal ve spinal cerrahi uygulanan hastaların konforlarının orta düzeyde olduğu belirlendi. Cerrahi hemşireleri hastaların konfor düzeylerini arttıracak müdahalelerde bulunmalıdır. Özellikle ameliyat sonrası ağrı kontrolünü sağlayarak hastalarının konforunu arttırmalıdır.
Analisis Pengendalian Kerusakan Kantong Pada Proses Pengantongan Pupuk ZA Plus dengan Metode SPC dan FMEA di PT. X
Authors: Ichsan Muhammad Rofi'ul , Jufriyanto Moh. , Rizqi Akhmad Wasiur
Published: April 2024

PT. X adalah anak perusahaan BUMN (Badan Usaha Milik Negara), produsen pupuk dan bahan kimia terlengkap di Indonesia. Selain bergerak dibidang jasa dan logistik, PT. X juga memproduksi dan jasa pengantongan untuk Pupuk ZA Plus. Adapun permasalahan yang sering perusahaan hadapi yaitu kantong pupuk yang rusak (defect) selama proses pengantongan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisa penyebab defect kantong pada proses pengantongan pupuk ZA Plus dan menentukan penyebabnya melalui penerapan pengendalian kualitas yang efektif dengan menggunakan metode SPC (Statistical Process Control) dan FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis). Hasil dari analisa SPC adalah masih terdapat data defect kantong yang keluar dari batas kendali (Out of Control). Sedangkan hasil analisa metode FMEA ditemukan bahwa penyebab defect yang paling kritis adalah seringnya jarum jahit yang slip, dengan nilai RPN sebesar 450. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, penelitian ini mengusulkan agar mengganti equipment mesin jahit yang sudah aus secara berkala dan terjadwal.
FEATURES OF NORMATIVE CONSOLIDATION OF EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH CONVICTS TO PUNISHMENTS NOT RELATED TO ISOLATION FROM SOCIETY
Authors: Popova Elena Jeduardovna
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the issues of normative consolidation of educational work with convicted persons to punishments not related to isolation from society. The analysis of the norms of the Penal Enforcement Code of the Russian Federation, as well as by-laws regulating the execution of such punishments and the use of corrective measures to convicts is carried out. The author comes to the conclusion about the heterogeneity and unsystematization of the norms that reveal the essence of the line of work of employees executing criminal penalties under study. The expediency of conducting scientific research in this area and the importance of modernization of penal enforcement legislation are stated.
IMPROVEMENT OF COMPULSORY MEASURES OF EDUCATIONAL INFLUENCE IN THE CRIMINAL LAW OF RUSSIA
Authors: Balzhmaa Gombo , Neshataev Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: April 2024

According to Article 90 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, one of the grounds for the use of coercive measures of educational influence is the commission of a crime of small or medium gravity. Taking into account statistical data on the state of juvenile delinquency for 2017-2021, the specific weight of the types of crimes under consideration in the total mass of registered crimes, international standards for the treatment of juvenile offenders, as well as the need to humanize criminal law policy, it is proposed to improve the institution under consideration by expanding the grounds for compulsory measures of educational influence. It is necessary to provide for the possibility of exemption from criminal liability of persons under the age of 18 for committing serious crimes that are not directed against life and health, public safety, as well as the peace and security of mankind. At the same time, in the case of exemption from criminal liability with the use of coercive measures of educational influence in the commission of a serious crime, it is proposed to establish a 5-year period for their application
The phenomenon of the criminal punishment system
Authors: Zvonov Andrey
Published: April 2024

The article examines the phenomenon of the system of criminal penalties, focuses on the opinions of scientists regarding the term of the system of criminal penalties, characterizing its features, and also analyzes these features through the prism of domestic experience. As a result of the conducted research, we agree with a group of scientists who consider the system of criminal penalties as a set of criminal penalties that are in a state of various forms of interaction with each other and other legal measures. Turning to the question of the signs of the system of punishments, the author notes their variability, dependence on the development of the state and law at the moment.
Features of the personality of a convict with a non-binary gender identity and problems of the safety of his stay in penitentiary institutions
Authors: Jakovleva Margarita , Klishkov Vladimir
Published: April 2024

The article examines the features of philosophical concepts in the field of androgyny as a stage of its genesis and androgynous discourse, as well as the current state of the problems of the institution of non-binary gender identity of a convicted person. The authors revealed the importance of biological sex for serving a sentence of imprisonment in Russia, reflected the legal problems of ensuring the personal safety of persons with the specified identity in the institutions of the penal system executing a sentence of imprisonment. At the present stage, there is a traditional contradiction between the need to respect the rights and freedoms of every person, to overcome the obvious social exclusion to persons with non-binary gender identity who have officially changed their gender identity (transgender), and the legal regulation of the legal aspects of serving sentences, ensuring personal safety in penitentiary institutions. In order to ensure the personal safety of persons with non-binary gender identity who have undergone a medical procedure of sexual reorientation, and the election of a penitentiary institution to serve a sentence of imprisonment on the appropriate gender basis, it is necessary to adopt legislative acts regulating relations in the field of serving sentences and ensuring the personal safety of these persons.
The problem of the concept and effectiveness of socially useful communication of the convict
Authors: Tereshenko Egor
Published: April 2024

At the present stage of the development of public relations in the field of execution of punishments related to isolation from society, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of the problems of maintaining socially useful ties by convicts serving sentences in the form of imprisonment. The positive impact exerted on convicts serving sentences in correctional institutions is an effective means of achieving the goals facing punishment in the form of imprisonment. However, due to insufficient legal support for the regulation of public relations in the field of execution of punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty, in the field of maintaining socially useful ties by convicts, this tool does not fully realize its potential in achieving the goals facing punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty. The purpose of the study is to formulate a theoretical justification for the need to introduce amendments to the penal enforcement legislation that will increase the effectiveness of the socially beneficial influence exerted on convicts by persons with whom convicts maintain ties; to create a system of criteria and indicators of the effectiveness of maintaining socially useful ties of convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the disclosure of the concept of «socially useful connection of a convict», the construction of a model for measuring the effectiveness of maintaining socially useful connections by convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment. The main part reveals the problems of maintaining socially useful connections by convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment. Attention is focused on the need to introduce a model for calculating the effectiveness of maintaining socially useful relationships by convicts. In conclusion, proposals have been put forward to amend the current penal enforcement legislation. A model is proposed for calculating the effectiveness of maintaining socially useful relationships by convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment.
Reciclaje de llantas: alternativa de materia prima para la construcción sostenible de pavimentos en la ciudad de Valledupar - Cesar.
Authors: Vanegas-Padilla Angelica Patricia , Castro-Cardona Maira Alejandra , Jiménez-Ferreira Natalia Andrea , Ortega-Sinning Eberto Rafael
Published: April 2024

La investigación surgió a partir de la necesidad de reducir el impacto ambiental y sanitario que ocasiona la inadecuada disposición de llantas y hules cuando llegan al final de su periodo de vida útil. Inicialmente, se llevó a cabo el acopio y reciclado de llantas y hules, que al pasar por un proceso de trituración se redujeron a partículas más pequeñas, dispuestas para la fabricación de arena plástica como alternativa para la producción de pavimento. La investigación estuvo comprendida mediante los resultados de la investigación físico, químicos y mecánicos de los distintos ensayos cuyo agregado fino se reemplazó por gránulos de caucho reciclado en diferentes porcentajes. Se evalúo cada dosificación realizando pruebas de masa unitaria, humedad, absorción, gravedad específica y resistencia a la compresión. Pruebas que permitieron determinar la viabilidad del uso de GCR como alternativa de materia prima en obras civiles, ofreciendo así una opción diferente para la sustitución del agregado fino en la elaboración de pavimento.
The research emerged from the need to reduce the environmental and health impact caused by the improper disposal of tires and rubber when they reach the end of their useful life. Initially, tire and rubber collection and recycling were carried out, and through a crushing process, they were reduced to smaller particles suitable for the production of plastic sand as an alternative for pavement construction. The research was comprehensively addressed through the physical, chemical, and mechanical results of various tests in which the fine aggregate was replaced by recycled rubber granules in different percentages. Each mixture was evaluated by conducting tests for unit mass, moisture content, absorption, specific gravity, and compressive strength. These tests allowed determining the feasibility of using recycled rubber granules as an alternative raw material in civil engineering projects, providing a different option for replacing fine aggregate in pavement production.
Potenciales conflictos por uso del suelo asociados a la subdivisión predial en el municipio de El Carmen de Viboral
Authors: Torres-Alape Juan Carlos , Toro-Martínez Melisa Katerina , Posada-Marín José Andrés
Published: April 2024

La subdivisión predial es el proceso que divide la propiedad privada, impactando las cargas urbanas y ambientales sobre el territorio El municipio antioqueño de El Carmen de Viboral ha experimentado la influencia acelerada de este proceso. Aunque, la subdivisión predial es regulada por la ley colombiana, sus efectos han sido poco asociados desde un punto de vista urbanístico y ambiental. Por esta razón, en esta investigación se realizó un análisis espacio temporal de la subdivisión predial en este municipio, buscando identificar potenciales conflictos por uso del suelo. Para esto, se analizaron 720 licencias, teniendo en cuenta su año de expedición y localización, que se interceptó con los usos reglamentados en el POT. Como conclusiones de esta investigación se pudo identificar 4 períodos diferentes, el aumento predial en la periferia del casco urbano y los potenciales conflictos de uso del suelo generados en áreas de protección.
Parcel subdivision is the process that divides private property, impacting urban and environmental burdens on the territory. The municipality of El Carmen de Viboral in Antioquia, Colombia, has experienced the accelerated influence of this process. Although parcel subdivision is regulated by Colombian law, its effects have been insufficiently associated from an urban and environmental perspective. For this reason, this research conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of parcel subdivision in this municipality, aiming to identify potential land use conflicts. To achieve this, 720 licenses were analyzed, taking into account their year of issuance and location, which were intersected with the regulated land uses in the zoning plan (POT). As conclusions of this research, four different periods were identified, showing an increase in parcel subdivision on the outskirts of the urban area and potential land use conflicts generated in protected areas.
RS/AS and nugget zone SEM analysis and mathematical equations for parameter optimization on friction stir welding tool
Authors: Meka Yugandhar , Kammar Prabhakar
Published: April 2024

In order to find the ideal process parameters, the friction stir welding (FSW) production process is combined with mathematical optimisation techniques in the current thesis. In terms of optimisation, the goals (or objectives) are process- related in that they define or represent how the process behaves. The Welding Institute (TWI),UK introduced the FSW process, which has been enhanced in this study, as a relatively new welding technology in 1991. In conclusion, because the process is solid-state and does not involve melting, many of the problems of conventional fusing welding techniques may be avoided. In the FSW process, two work pieces are submerged in a spinning tool. As a result of friction and plastic dissipation, the temperature rises to the point where the material is sufficiently softened to be mixed together, forming a weld. Involving solid material ow, heat transmission, thermal softening, recrystallization, and the production of residual stresses, the process is multiphysics in nature.
Perlindungan Hukum oleh Pemerintah terhadap Perkawinan Masyarakat Adat
Authors: Mujahidin Imamul Mujahidin
Published: April 2024

The traditional marriage of the Samin tribe in Kudus Regency shows that there are marriages that cannot be registered with the Population Administration. The researcher found that the Samin tribe in Kudus Regency could not register their marriage, thus preventing them from obtaining civil rights. The main reason is that the religious identity on the KTP is written in Islam even though basically they are not Muslims.

This study aims to identify the factors that influence the reluctance of the Samin people to register marriages and the village government's efforts to legalize Samin people's customary marriages in the form of registering marriages without involving state officials.

This research is a qualitative field research and the data were obtained systematically directly from the field. This research descriptively examines observation data, interview results, and documents.

After a thorough examination, it can be concluded that the Samin tribal marriage custom is not considered legally binding in Indonesia because it does not involve a marriage registrar. However, the decision of the Constitutional Court which is identified with Number 97/PUU-XIV/2016 has provided a glimmer of hope for the Indonesian nation by allowing the inclusion of "Belief in the One and Only God" in the KTP religion column. This decision has allowed the Samin tribe to legally register their marriages with the registry, according to their customs.
Rapid transformation in aquatic food value chains in three Nigerian states
Authors: Liverpool-Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Wineman Ayala , Amadi Mark Umunna , Gona Ayuba , Emenekwe Chukwuemeka Chinonso , Fang Ming , Olunuga Olawale , Onyeneke Robert Ugochukwu , Norbert Sunday , Adenike Taiwo Mayomi , Reardon Thomas , Belton Ben
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Nigeria is Africa’s most populous country, third largest fish producer, and second largest aquaculture producer. There have been numerous studies of aquaculture and fisheries in Nigeria, but no study to date has analyzed aquaculture and capture fisheries value chains together, while giving equal weight to all value chain segments and systematically capturing information on temporal trends in value chain structure, conduct, and performance. This paper does so.

Methods

We conducted a structured, qualitative, rapid reconnaissance survey of 180 actors from eight segments of the aquatic food value chain in three Nigerian states with contrasting geographies, Ebonyi, Kebbi, and Oyo.

Results

Results particularly important for future research and policy are as follows. (1) Partial vertical integration is a common feature of the organization of firms in all value chain segments, as a risk reduction strategy to overcome market imperfections and frictions. Scarcity and high cost of imported intermediate inputs is stimulating local innovation and import substitution manufacturing of feeds and fabricated items. (2) Inter-sectoral spillovers from the poultry industry have hastened the development of fish value chains, while improvements in power supply have enabled the expansion of cold storage capacity, facilitating the geographical lengthening of frozen fish value chains. (3) Rapid technological and/or institutional change is occurring in all value chain segments, including those usually viewed as traditional, such as processing and fishing. Logistics services are becoming more specialized and sophisticated, and digital communications technologies including social media play an increasingly important role in value chain coordination and marketing. (4) Increasing opportunity costs of time drive demand for convenience foods such as smoked and fried fish, which require little further preparation and can be stored at room temperature. Demand for farmed catfish is linked to growing consumption of food away from home at bars and restaurants. (5) Significant opportunities exist to improve the performance of value chains in terms of gender equity, environmental impacts, and food safety.
Electrophysiological and morphological modulation of neuronal-glial network by breast cancer and nontumorigenic mammary cell conditioned medium
Authors: Di Lisa Donatella , Cortese Katia , Chiappalone Michela , Arnaldi Pietro , Martinoia Sergio , Castagnola Patrizio , Pastorino Laura
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer is a significant global health concern, with the overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/ERBB2) being a driver oncogene in 20%–30% of cases. Indeed, HER2/ERBB2 plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and survival via a complex signaling network. Overexpression of HER2/ERBB2 is associated with more aggressive behavior and increased risk of brain metastases, which remains a significant clinical challenge for treatment. Recent research has highlighted the role of breast cancer secretomes in promoting tumor progression, including excessive proliferation, immune invasion, and resistance to anti-cancer therapy, and their potential as cancer biomarkers. In this study, we investigated the impact of ERBB2+ breast cancer SKBR-3 cell line compared with MCF10-A mammary non-tumorigenic cell conditioned medium on the electrophysiological activity and morphology of neural networks derived from neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our findings provide evidence of active modulation of neuronal-glial networks by SKBR-3 and MCF10-A conditioned medium. These results provide insights into the complex interactions between breast cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Further research is necessary to identify the specific factors within breast cancer conditioned medium that mediate these effects and to develop targeted therapies that disrupt this interaction.
Applying knowledge and experience from potato (Solanum tuberosum) to update genetic stability data requirements in the risk assessment for vegetatively propagated biotech crops
Authors: Pence Matthew G. , Koch Muffy , DeMond Jaylee , Rudgers Gary
Published: April 2024

Regulatory agencies require data on genetic stability as part of the safety assessment for biotech crops, even though the genetic stability of a plant is not necessarily an environmental, human or animal health safety concern. While sexual reproduction has the potential to introduce genomic variation in conventionally bred and biotech crops, vegetative propagation is genetically stable. In vegetatively propagated crops, meiosis does not occur thus limiting the number of homologous recombination events that could lead to chromosomal rearrangements in progeny plants. Genetic stability data is often, but should not be, an automatic requirement for the safety assessment of vegetatively propagated biotech crops. Genetic stability data from biotech potato events has demonstrated that vegetative propagation of potato tubers does not affect the stability of introduced DNA sequences or lead to loss of trait efficacy. The knowledge and experience gained from over 30 years of assessing the safety of biotech crops can be used by regulatory authorities to eliminate data requirements that do not address environmental, food or feed safety concerns. As a first step, regulators should consider removing requirements for genetic stability as part of the safety review for vegetatively propagated biotech crops.
Human patient derived organoids: an emerging precision medicine model for gastrointestinal cancer research
Authors: Yan Sicheng , He Yuxuan , Zhu Yuehong , Ye Wangfang , Chen Yan , Zhu Cong , Zhan Fuyuan , Ma Zhihong
Published: April 2024

Gastrointestinal cancers account for approximately one-third of the total global cancer incidence and mortality with a poor prognosis. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Most of these diseases lack effective treatment, occurring as a result of inappropriate models to develop safe and potent therapies. As a novel preclinical model, tumor patient-derived organoids (PDOs), can be established from patients’ tumor tissue and cultured in the laboratory in 3D architectures. This 3D model can not only highly simulate and preserve key biological characteristics of the source tumor tissue in vitro but also reproduce the in vivo tumor microenvironment through co-culture. Our review provided an overview of the different in vitro models in current tumor research, the derivation of cells in PDO models, and the application of PDO model technology in gastrointestinal cancers, particularly the applications in combination with CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, tumor microenvironment simulation, drug screening, drug development, and personalized medicine. It also elucidates the ethical status quo of organoid research and the current challenges encountered in clinical research, and offers a forward-looking assessment of the potential paths for clinical organoid research advancement.
Quantifying soil organic carbon after biochar application: how to avoid (the risk of) counting CDR twice?
Authors: Rathnayake Dilani , Schmidt Hans-Peter , Leifeld Jens , Bürge Diane , Bucheli Thomas D. , Hagemann Nikolas
Published: April 2024

Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage (PyCCS), which comprises the production of biomass, its pyrolysis, and the non-oxidative use of the biochar to create carbon sinks, has been identified as a promising negative emission technology with co-benefits by improving soil properties. Using biochar as a soil additive becomes increasingly common as farmers seek methods for soil improvement and climate change adaptation. Concurrently, there is growing interest in quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) at the level of individual plots to remunerate farmers for their good agricultural practices and the resulting (temporary) carbon dioxide removal (CDR). However, methods currently applied in routine analysis quantify SOC, irrespective of its speciation or origin, and do not allow to distinguish biochar-C from SOC. As certification of PyCCS-derived CDR is already established using another quantification method (i.e., analysis of biochar-C content, tracking and registration of its application, and offsetting of carbon expenditures caused by the PyCCS process), the analysis of biochar-C as part of SOC may result in double counting of CDR. Hence, the objectives of this review are (1) to compare the physicochemical properties and the quantities of biochar and SOC fractions on a global and field/site-specific scale, (2) to evaluate the established methods of SOC and pyrogenic carbon (PyC) quantification with regard to their suitability in routine analysis, and (3) to assess whether double counting of SOC and biochar C-sinks can be avoided via analytical techniques. The methods that were found to have the potential to distinguish between non-pyrogenic and PyC in soil are either not fit for routine analysis or require calibration for different soil types, which is extremely laborious and yet to be established at a commercial scale. Moreover, the omnipresence of non-biochar PyC in soils (i.e., from forest fires or soot) that is indistinguishable from biochar-C is an additional challenge that can hardly be solved analytically. This review highlights the risks and limits of only result-based schemes for SOC certification relying on soil sampling and analysis. Carbon sink registers that unite the (spatial) data of biochar application and other forms of land-based CDR are suggested to track biochar applications and to effectively avoid double counting.
Case Report: Abdominal surgery with the support of Impella (SURGELLA), a new frontier to be explored
Authors: Guarracini Stefano , Di Sebastiano Pierluigi , Di Mola Fabio Francesco , Di Renzo Raffaella , Mazzocchetti Lorenzo , Calafiore Antonio M. , Di Mauro Michele
Published: April 2024

A 74-year-old man with advanced heart failure was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and he underwent surgery. To maintain stable hemodynamics, the Impella CP device was used. The patient was weaned from the device shortly after surgery, and he had an uneventful postoperative course. This case may pave the way for non-procrastinating surgery in patients with poorly stable hemodynamics.
Confronting the bias towards animal experimentation (animal methods bias)
Authors: Krebs Catharine E. , Herrmann Kathrin
Published: April 2024

Laws and policies are in place around the world to promote the replacement and reduction of nonhuman animals in science. These principles are rooted not just in ethical considerations for animals, but also in scientific considerations regarding the limitations of using nonhuman animals to model human biology, health, and disease. New nonanimal research approaches that use human biology, cells, and data to mimic complex human physiological states and therapeutic responses have become increasingly effective and accessible, replacing the use of animals in several applications, and becoming a crucial tool for biomedical research and drug development. Despite many advantages, acceptance of these new nonanimal methods has been slow, and barriers to their broader uptake remain. One such barrier is animal methods bias, the preference for animal-based methods where they are not necessary or where animal-free methods are suitable. This bias can impact research assessments and can discourage researchers from using novel nonanimal approaches. This article provides an introductory overview of animal methods bias for the general public, reviewing evidence, exploring consequences, and discussing ongoing mitigation efforts aimed at reducing barriers in the shift away from animal use in biomedical research and testing.
Dispersion and fate of methane emissions from cold seeps on Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand
Authors: Law Cliff S. , Collins Charine , Marriner A. , Bury Sarah J. , Brown Julie C. S. , Rickard Graham
Published: April 2024

The influence of cold seep methane on the surrounding benthos is well-documented but the fate of dissolved methane and its impact on water column biogeochemistry remains less understood. To address this, the distribution of dissolved methane was determined around three seeps on the south-east Hikurangi Margin, south-east of New Zealand, by combining data from discrete water column sampling and a towed methane sensor. Integrating this with bottom water current flow data in a dynamic Gerris model determined an annual methane flux of 3 x 105 kg at the main seep. This source was then applied in a Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) simulation to visualize lateral transport of the dissolved methane plume, which dispersed over ∼100 km in bottom water within 1 year. Extrapolation of this approach to four other regional seeps identified a combined plume volume of 3,500 km3 and annual methane emission of 0.4–3.2 x 106 kg CH4 y-1. This suggests a regional methane flux of 1.1–10.9 x 107 kg CH4 y-1 for the entire Hikurangi Margin, which is lower than previous hydroacoustic estimates. Carbon stable isotope values in dissolved methane indicated that lateral mixing was the primary determinant of methane in bottom water, with potential methane oxidation rates orders of magnitude lower than the dilution rate. Calculations indicate that oxidation of the annual total methane emitted from the five seeps would not significantly alter bottom water dissolved carbon dioxide, oxygen or pH; however, superimposition of methane plumes from different seeps, which was evident in the ROMS simulation, may have localized impacts. These findings highlight the value of characterizing methane release from multiple seeps within a hydrodynamic model framework to determine the biogeochemical impact, climate feedbacks and connectivity of cold seeps on continental shelf margins.
The impact of school climate on academic burnout of Chinese students: the mediating effect of psychological capital
Authors: Tang Xiao-ling
Published: April 2024

Background

Students are in their teenage years during middle school, which is a period of acceleration and transition for individual physical and mental development. Therefore, junior high school students are easily influenced by their internal and external environment, leading to academic burnout. The main activity venue for middle school students in school homework is the external environment that affects their academic performance. Psychological capital is the student’s own resource and the external environment that affects their academic performance.

Aims

This study aims to explore the interrelationship among school atmosphere, psychological capital, and academic burnout, and construct a theoretical model among them. This study provides practical and feasible methods and guidance suggestions for educational institutions and teachers, helps students improve their mental health level, enhances the positive perception level of the school atmosphere, and alleviates their academic burnout.

Methods

Building upon previous research on school climate, psychological capital, and academic burnout, this study employed the following research tools: The Perceived School Climate Questionnaire (PSC), the Positive Psychological Questionnaire (PPQ), and the High School Students’ Academic burnout Scale. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1,267 students from three different regions of Chongqing, involving various types of junior high schools.

Results

The findings of this study demonstrate that both the external school climate and internal psychological capital exert an impact on academic burnout. A positive school climate can foster the development of psychological capital, subsequently enhancing academic performance. Additionally, psychological capital directly influences academic burnout. The higher the level of positivity is, the more pronounced the alleviating effect becomes. The school climate can directly affect academic burnout, and it can also indirectly affect academic burnout through the mediation of psychological capital, with psychological capital playing a partial mediating role.

Conclusion

To avoid academic burnout, schools should actively create a good school atmosphere and mobilize students’ learning enthusiasm; teachers should provide targeted psychological counseling to reduce students’ negative emotional perception; students should correct their learning attitude and recognize their own learning status.
Trends of the prevalence rate of central lymph node metastasis and multifocality in patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma after delayed thyroid surgery
Authors: Wang Pei , Dong Zhizhong , Zhao Shuyan , Su Yanjun , Zhang Jianming , Ma Yunhai , Diao Chang , Qian Jun , Cheng Ruochuan , Liu Wen
Published: April 2024

Background

Active surveillance has been an option for patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, whether delayed surgery leads to an increased risk of local tumor metastasis remain unclear. We sought to investigate the impact of observation time on central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and multifocal disease in patients with low-risk PTC.

Methods

Patients who were diagnosed with asymptomatic low-risk PTC, and with a pathological maximum tumor size ≤1.5 cm by were included. The patients were classified into observation group and immediate surgery group, and subgroup analyses were conducted by observation time period. The prevalence of CLNM, lymph node (LN) involved >5, multifocal PTC and bilateral multifocal PTC were considered as outcome variables. The changing trend and risk ratio of prevalence over observation time were evaluated by Mann-Kendall trend test and Logistics regression.

Results

Overall, 3,427 and 1,860 patients were classified to the observation group and immediate surgery group, respectively. Trend tests showed that decreasing trends both on the prevalence of CLNM and LN involved >5 over the observation time, but the difference was not statistically significant, and the prevalence of multifocal PTC and bilateral multifocal PTC showed the significant decreasing trends. After adjustment, multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference between observed and immediate surgery groups in the four outcome variables.

Conclusion

In patients with subclinical asymptomatic low-risk PTC, observation did not result in an increased incidence of local metastatic disease, nor did the increased surgery extent in patients with delayed surgery compared to immediate surgery. These findings can strengthen the confidence in the active surveillance management for both doctors and patients.
Optimal placement of distributed generation in power distribution system and evaluating the losses and voltage using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Jain Akanksha , Gupta S. C.
Published: April 2024

As the modern power system continues to grow in size, complexity, and uncertainty, traditional methods may occasionally prove insufficient in addressing the associated challenges. The improper location of distributed generation varies the voltage profile, increases losses and compromises network capacity. Machine learning algorithms predict accurate site positions, and network reconfiguration improves the capacity of the power system. The proposed algorithm is a hybrid of machine learning and deep learning algorithms. It cascades Support Vector Machine as the main model and uses Random Forest and Radial Neural Networks as classification algorithms for accurately predicting DG position. The non-linearity characteristics of the DG problem are directly mapped to the proposed algorithms. The proposed algorithm is employed on familiar test setups like the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus distribution systems using MATLAB R2017 as simulation software. The R-squared (R2) values for all parameters yield a value of 1, while the MAPE values are minimal for the proposed cascaded algorithm in contrast to other algorithms of LSTM, CNN, RNN and DQL.
Niche characteristics and dynamics of dominant species in arbor layer of 4hm2Pinus tabuliformis-Quercus wutaishansea mixed forest in Lingkong Mountain
Authors: Ni Lu , Guo Donggang , Zhang Quanxi , Li Yan , Hu Xiuqin , Li Yun , Feng Senxia
Published: April 2024

The ability of community species to adapt to the environment and use resources and the importance of species in the ecological system in time and space are generally represented by ecological niche. In order to study the niche characteristics and dynamic changes of the dominant species in the arbor layer of the 4hm2Pinus tabuliformis-Quercus wutaishansea mixed forest sample plot in Lingkong Mountain,and to gain a better understanding of the competition and coexistence among species in the sample plot, this study was conducted based on a typical community investigation. Four indices of important value, niche width, niche overlap, and niche similarity were chosen to calculate and analyze the niche characteristics and examine dynamic changes over a period of 10 years from 2011 to 2021. The results showed that: (1) In 2021, the important values for Quercus wutaishansea and Pinus tabuliformis were 19.906 and 13.906, respectively.The niche widths were 0.962 and 0.555, which showed difference compared to those in 2011. Both were much larger than other species, indicating that they occupied an absolutely dominant position in the community. (2) The mean values of niche overlap and similarity of dominant species in the arbor layer of the Lingkong Mountain sample plot have both increased over the past 10 years. Additionally, the species pairs with the highest overlap and similarity values have changed, suggesting an intensification of competition among these species.