bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival Analysis of Recovery of Weight Among Low Birth Weight Infants in Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Statistics, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia, Lelisa Firafnah , Sisay Kibralem ,   Department of Statistics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia, Tesfaye Fedasa ,   Department of Statistics, Wallaga University, Nakamte, Ethiopia, Banbeta Akalu ,   Department of Statistics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Published: December 2023

Background: Globally, it has been known that around 15.5% of infants were below the normal level of weight at their birth and 95% of these infants lived in developing countries. Objectives: The study aimed to model time to normal weight from low weight among low weight infants delivered at Jimma University Medical Center Methods: The retrospective data from all the admitted follow up of low birth weight (LBW) infants, from September 1,2020 to March 30,2022 in JUMC is used in this study. By assessing the overall goodness of fitted models, log-logistic accelerated failure time model which can fit the data well and had smallest akaike information criterion value were selected as the appropriate fit model. Results: Out of 325 LBW infants 286 (88%) were recovered from LBW and 39 (12%) censored. The most important predictors of time to normal weight at 0.05 level of significance were place of residence [φ =0.877 (95% CI: 0.808-0.952)], multiple birth [φ =1.459 (95% CI: 1.316-1.617)],gender [φ =0.870 (95% CI: 0.809-0.936)], history of abortion [φ =1.296 (95% CI: 1.165-1.441)],preterm birth [φ =1.172 (95% CI: 1.070-1.285)], maternal age 20-34 [φ =0.813 (95% CI: 0.727-0.909)] and maternal age >34 [φ =0.798 (95% CI: 0.694-0.917)], ANC follow up [φ =0.816 (95%CI: 0.755-0.883)] and weight at birth 1000-1500 gm [φ =0.773 (95% CI: 0.658-0.910)] and weight at birth 1500-2500 gm [φ =0.700 (95% CI: 0.602-0.815)]. Conclusion: Log-logistic AFT model fits the data well in analyzing time to normal weight among LBW infants data. The duration of time to normal weight of LBW infants significantly affected by the infants’ place of residence, birth status, history of abortion of mothers, gender, preterm, maternal age, number of ANC visits and weight at birth. Therefore, special emphasis should be given for infants who are female, rural place of residence, multiple birth, prematurely birth, infants born from teenage mothers, mother have an abortion, mother have not regular ANC follow up and infants who had <1000 gm birth weight to improve the duration of LBW. The estimated median duration of LBW was 10 days.
The application of negative pressure wound treatment in oncoplastic breast surgery
Authors: Zangeneh Akram , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi
Published: December 2023

After breast surgery, wound complications are not uncommon. In patients with breast cancer, delayed wound healing may cause poor cosmesis and postpone the start of adjuvant therapy. Since there is now disagreement about the use of preventive negative pressure dressings in closed wounds following breast surgery, the goal of our research was to examine the literature regarding the usefulness of negative pressure wound management in oncoplastic breast surgery.
The evaluation of personnel leasing as a flexible work model in professional satisfaction among nurses and in the quality of provided nursing care
Authors:   University Medical Centre Knappschaft, Bochum, Germany, Kolokythas Apostolos , Noula Maria ,   Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus, Nikitara Monica ,   Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus, Roupa Zoe ,   Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
Published: December 2023

Healthcare represents a critical employment sector, recognized for its dynamism in development and future prospects. Continuous evolution in this field necessitates reforms to achieve economically efficient and higher quality health services. Despite the shortage of nursing staff, there is a growing importance of personnel scheduling as a form of employment within the sector. Despite the potential instability associated with this work arrangement, it offers relief from temporary absences from the workplace. However, concurrently, there arises the possibility of negative impacts on the quality of nursing care, especially concerning coherence and coordination in patient care delivery. Methodology: A literature review was conducted by searching data in scientific databases such as PubMed and SpringerLink, seeking information available up until November 2023.
Effects of Vitamin B 12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Survivors of Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Pervaiz Anusha , Alamgir Wasim , Hashmat Asif , Mansoor Eisha , Jadoon Shehrbano , Saleem Ibrar , Ahmed Naveed
Published: December 2023

Background: Hemorrhagic stroke often leads to significant cognitive deficits in survivors. Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in neurological functions, suggesting its potential in cognitive recovery post-stroke. This retrospective cohort study explored the impact of Vitamin B12 supplementation on cognitive function in hemorrhagic stroke survivors, a subject that holds substantial importance in stroke rehabilitation and patient care.
Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of Vitamin B12 supplementation in improving cognitive function, as measured by MMSE and MoCA scores, in adults who have recently survived a hemorrhagic stroke.
Methods: The study included 75 adults diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke within the last six months. Participants were administered a daily oral dose of 1000 mcg of Vitamin B12 for three months. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at the start and end of the supplementation period. Additionally, Vitamin B12 levels were measured at baseline and after three months to gauge the physiological uptake of the supplement.
Results: The study observed significant improvements in cognitive function, with the MMSE score increasing by an average of 2.2 (p=0.0463) and the MoCA score by 5.8 (p=0.0410). There was also a notable average increase of 400 pg/mL in Vitamin B12 levels (p<0.05). The supplementation was generally well-tolerated, with only 8% of participants reporting minor adverse effects, a rate not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The study provides preliminary evidence that Vitamin B12 supplementation may positively impact cognitive function in survivors of hemorrhagic stroke. However, due to the study's limitations, further extensive research is necessary to corroborate these findings and to deepen our understanding of the role of Vitamin B12 in post-stroke cognitive recovery.
Prevalence and Detection of Genotyping of Hepatitis C Virus in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Bilal Muhammad Ahsan , Ali Fatima , Farooq Omair , Yousaf Zainab , Mohsin Muhammad Shams ur Rehman
Published: December 2023

Background: Hepatitis C virus is a significant global health distress, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. HCV is a disease that spreads through blood and mostly affects the liver. The condition may resolve on its own or progress to cirrhosis, fibrosis, or liver cancer. Chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis are at an increased risk for acquiring HCV infection due to cross contamination in dialysis units, blood transfusion, and kidney transplant. The aims of the study were to determine the genotypes among patients of HCV undergoing hemodialysis.
Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and types of HCV genotypes in hemodialysis patients.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the HCV positive patients undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled. Samples were collected from the dialysis unit of Farooq Hospital Lahore. RT-PCR was performed to determine the HCV genotypes. This study was conducted on patients of both genders and all age groups. Chi-square test was performed to assess any significant correlation between HCV genotypes in all age groups and both genders.
Results: In this study out of a total of 80 hemodialysis patients, 19 (23.8%) were females and 61 (76.3%) were males. The most common genotype observed was 3 (72.5%) followed by 1a (12.5%), 1(10.0%) and 1b (5.0%).
Conclusion: The current study revealed that the genotype 3 of HCV as the most frequent genotypes in the hemodialysis patients of our population with most patients in the age group of <60 years.
Comparison of Efficacy of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy between Supracostal and Subcostal Access in Patients with Renal Stone
Authors: Ayub Muhammad Zaheer Ud Din , Ahmed Irfan , Saeed Khalid , Ahmed Naeem , Bajwa Kamran Munir , Saleem Amjad
Published: December 2023

Background: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a prevalent surgical procedure for the treatment of large renal stones. The choice between supra-costal and sub-costal access is pivotal in optimizing patient outcomes. This study provides an in-depth comparison of these two approaches, contributing to the evolving discourse in urological surgery.
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of supra-costal and sub-costal access in PCNL for the treatment of renal stones.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Urology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, from May to October 2023. Sixty-four patients with renal stones larger than 2cm were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the access point: supra-costal (Group A) and sub-costal (Group B). Variables such as age, gender, duration of surgery, stone size, clearance rate, and complications were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.
Results: The average age of participants was 37.20 ± 13.0 years, with surgery duration averaging 45.75 ± 4.98 minutes. The majority of participants were male (59.4%). Stone clearance rates were high in both groups (93.8% in Group A and 90.6% in Group B), with no statistically significant difference (P-value > 0.05). Complication rates were 9.4% in Group A and 15.6% in Group B, also showing no significant difference.
Conclusion: Both supra-costal and sub-costal accesses in PCNL are effective for renal stone clearance, with comparable success rates and complication profiles. The choice between these approaches can be based on individual patient anatomy and surgeon preference. Further research could explore long-term outcomes and patient-specific factors influencing the choice of access point.
Gender Labour Discrimination in the Higher Education System: A Case of Georgia
Authors: Paresashvili Nino , Okruashvili Nanuli , Pirtskhalaishvili Dea , Tikishvili Mzia
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Discrimination, especially gender discrimination, is one of the main challenges of the modern labour market. Even though different countries have appropriate policies as well as the desire and readiness of society, gender discrimination remains an unsolved problem in all spheres of activity. Although women's participation and educational opportunities have increased, and they are actively involved in academic activities, according to research, the level of discrimination in this field remains high. The management apparatus of organizations should take into account the fact that discrimination is not only a violation of the country's legislation but also has a negative impact on both the image of the organization and its final results.
Aim and tasks. This research aims to identify gender discrimination in the higher education system and provide solutions using Georgia.
Results. The study aims to outline gender discrimination issues in Georgia and its impact on people's personal lives and health. A total of 759 respondents employed at a higher educational institution were interviewed. Despite the fact that the government of Georgia has developed legislative reforms to eliminate discrimination, the results of the study revealed significant problems in the higher education system of Georgia in terms of gender discrimination. Part of them state that they were victims of discrimination most often at the workplace. The results revealed that gender discrimination affected people's health and personal lives.
Conclusions. Managers must consider many factors to achieve the intended results for an organisation. However, one of the most essential challenges for enhancing employee labour productivity is the creation of a place to work, where the issue of discrimination plays a significant role. Attention was also focused on the factors causing discrimination, to which managers should pay attention to take appropriate measures. The study analysed how men and women perceive the conflicts caused by discrimination in the labour market. Also, it revealed the perception and vision of the ways of solving these conflicts among women and men.
The Monitoring of the Livestock Product Market for the Formation of Food Security
Authors: Misiuk Mykola , Zakhodym Maryna , Borkovska Valentyna , Balla Inna
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The imbalance of the livestock product market due to significant challenges, such as large-scale military actions, reduced purchasing power, and changes in citizens' diets, presents other threats to food security. The influx of threats leads not only to a significant differentiation in the balance of demand and supply for meat and meat products by regions and strata of the population but also to a significant dynamism of the entire livestock market. This determines the need for changes in the methodology for monitoring and evaluating dynamic changes in the parameters affecting the production and consumption of livestock products.
Aim and tasks. This study aims to establish the peculiarities of monitoring the livestock market under significant dynamic changes in the main parameters affecting production and consumption volumes. The objectives of this study were to establish integral trends in the production of the main types of livestock products and to develop a mathematical model for evaluating the balance of production and consumption of livestock products.
Results. A break in the trend of stability of the pig and poultry population in 2021 and the continuation of the long-term trend of reduction in the cattle population was established, as evidenced by changes in the number of animals from 2023 to 2021: for cattle, by 20%; for pigs, by 16%; and for poultry, by 11%. This indicates that significant short-term fluctuations in influencing factors cause the production and consumption forecasts to be irrelevant. The influence of threats determines the deformation of markets for the production and consumption of livestock. This necessitates assessing dynamic changes in parameters affecting the volume of production and consumption of livestock products and the prompt formation of forecasts.
Conclusions. The developed mathematical model for assessing the balance of production and consumption of livestock products allows for considering dynamic changes in the main parameters of influence, which ensures the relevance of forecasts. This will enable prompt implementation of measures to regulate food security.
Mbi ndarjen në rrokje të grupeve dyshe të bashkëtingëlloreve në pozicionin ndërzanor
Authors: Xhaferaj Artan
Published: December 2023

Në fushën e fonetikës së shqipes, një prej çështjeve mjaft të ndërlikuara është ndarja fonetike e fjalëve në rrokje. Një trajtim i zgjeruar për këtë ç’është është bërë nga Dodi (2004), i cili, falë njohjes së sigurt të literaturës bashkëkohore, ka evidentuar qartazi edhe të metat e teorive kryesore të rrokjes, mbështetur në materialin e gjuhës shqipe. Por, me gjithë punën e kryer dhe rezultatet e rëndësishme që janë arritur, pozicionet e gjuhëtarëve për ndarjen fonetike të fjalëve në rrokje janë të ndryshme. Një nga këto arsye është së në literaturën gjuhësore nuk ka një përkufizim konstant për rrokjen si njësi gjuhësore. Në këtë trajtesë për ndarjen e fjalëve në rrokje do të mbështetim disa rregulla ekzistuese duke sjellë argumente të reja e duke bërë disa plotësime për t’i bërë ato më bindëse, duke synuar përmirësimin, thjeshtimin dhe zbatimin e tyre në praktikë. Do të përqendrohemi te kufiri rrokjesor, kur kemi dy bashkëtingëllore midis zanoresh, duke u mbështetur te parimi i sonoritetit të tingujve (Sonority Sequencing Principle), ligji i kontaktit të rrokjes (Syllable Contact Law), parimi i përndarjes (Dispersion Principle) dhe parimi i maksimalizimit të onsetit të rrokjes (Maximum Onset Principle). Gjithashtu, do të sjellim fakte konkrete që vënë në dyshim vlerën e rregullës fonotaktike, sipas së cilës kur kemi dy a më shumë bashkëtingëllore midis zanoresh, ato shkojnë bashkë, në qoftë se në gjuhë ekzistojnë fjalë që fillojnë me e atë grup bashkëtingëlloresh.
Struktura leksikore dhe struktura ekspresive e gjuhës njerëzore
Authors: Mita Josif
Published: December 2023

Sintaksë do të thotë ndërtim fjalish: si grupohen fjalët bashkë për të ndërtuar sintagma dhe fjali. Në greqishte syntaxis do të thotë të vësh bashkë. Kur themi të vësh bashkë, nuk është e njëjtë sikur të vëmë bashkë tullat për të bërë një mur ose frutat dhe sheqerin për të bërë reçel. Të folurit është një proces shumë i ndërlikuar. Koncepti të vësh bashkë kuptohet më mirë në muzikë. Muzika ka një sintaksë kombinatore, sepse këtu notat vendosen bashkë në një mënyrë shumë të përcaktuar. Notat në muzikë janë si fjalët e gjuhës. Tangoja, valsi, ose vallet e popujve të ndryshëm kanë sintaksën e tyre, kanë një mënyrë të veçantë për të vendosur gjërat së bashku. Marler-i1 dallon sintaksën fonologjike dhe sintaksën leksikore. Sipas tij, të vësh gjërat bashkë zbatohet së pari në fonologji. Fonologjia vendos fonemat bashkë për të bërë rrokjet e strukturuara. Çdo gjuhë ka sintaksën e saj fonologjike ose modelet e tingujve. Në fonologji, njësitë në vetvete të vendosura së bashku nuk kanë asnjë kuptim. P.sh., fonema /m/ në vetvete nuk ka kuptim. Po kështu edhe fonemat e tjera. Si pasojë, rrokjet që formohen nga fonemat nuk e marrin kuptimin e tyre nga këto të fundit, sepse thamë që fonemat në vetvete nuk kanë kuptim. Emri mal nuk e merr kuptimin nga kuptimet e brendshme të të tri fonemave /m/, /a/ dhe /l/. Sintaksa fonologjike është vendosja bashkë e gjërave pa kuptim për të formuar njësi më të mëdha. Këngët e zogjve, këngët e balenave etj. janë sintaksë fonologjike. Pra, është e mundshme që ndonjë aftësi sintaksore fonologjike të zhvillohet tek këto qenie të gjalla pavarësisht nga kuptimi.
Hajri Shehu, “Studime për leksikun dhe për leksikografinë e sotme shqipe”, ASA, IGJL, Tiranë, 2015, 364 f.
Authors: Feka Thanas
Published: December 2023

Përmbledhja “Studime për leksikun dhe për leksikografinë e sotme shqipe” e prof. dr. Hajri Shehut përfshin mbi pesëdhjetë artikuj, pothuajse të gjithë të botuar në revistat shkencore “Studime filologjike”, “Gjuha jonë”, “Gjuha shqipe” etj. Tematika e saj është: I. Çështje të leksikut popullor me vlerë letrare potenciale; II. Çështje të fjalëformimit në gjuhën shqipe; III. Çështje të sintagmatikës; IV. Çështje të kulturës së gjuhës; V. Kritikë leksiko-logjike; VI. Kritikë leksikografike etj. Siç shihet, studimet dhe artikujt mbulojnë një tematikë të gjerë e të larmishme.
Besnikëri dhe fantazi në pasqyrimin e epokës dhe figurës së Skënderbeut në letërsinë Arbëreshe
Authors: Kodra Klara
Published: December 2023

Problemi i pasqyrimit të epokës dhe figurës së Skënderbeut në letërsinë arbëreshe është marrë në shqyrtim nga studiues të ndryshëm si Markianoi, Gualtieri, Shuteriqi, Xhaxhiu, gjithashtu edhe nga ne në artikuj, kumtesa, studime. Ky problem po shihet tani në dritë të re duke vështruar raportin midis pasqyrimit të realitetit historik në kuptimin e mimesisit (riprodhimit sa më besnik të këtij realiteti) dhe shndërrimit artistik në bazë të idealit të shkrimtarëve. Besnikëria e ngushtë ndaj historisë nuk është e domosdoshme në një krijim letrar të llojit historik, po në kushtet e sotme lexuesi më i përgatitur nuk e pranon më deformimin arbitrar të historisë nga ana e shkrimtarëve në bazë të fantazisë së tyre (pasqyrim ngjarjesh të paqena, heshtje ndaj ngjarjeve reale, idealizim i tepruar apo mitizim i figurave historike apo nxirje e tyre). Natyrisht duhet të kihen parasysh poetikat e atyre drejtimeve letrare që i japin më tepër vend fantazisë dhe idealizimit, siç ishte në fakt romantizmi në letërsinë arbëreshe, pra caqet estetike. Nga ana tjetër nuk duhet të lihet mënjanë as çështja e varfërisë apo pasaktësisë së burimeve historike. Trajtimi i epokës dhe figurës së Skënderbeut në letërsinë e arbëreshëve të Italisë pati dy burime kryesore: historinë e Skënderbeut të Barletit dhe këngët popullore të cilat e trajtuan epokën dhe figurën e heroit në frymën e Rinashimentos evropiane dhe estetikës së folklorit, pra të idealizuara ndonëse ekziston një thelb objektiv, meqenëse është fjala për një rast ku realiteti ia kalon së tepërmi fantazisë, madje fantazisë së shkrimtarëve, i kërkohet të jetë në lartësinë e këtij realiteti të madhërishëm siç ishte lufta e një populli të vogël kundër një superfuqie të armatosur me armatimet më të fuqishme të kohës dhe bashkimi i një kombi të përçarë për një çerek shekulli. S’duhet harruar edhe roli i kësaj lufte në shpëtimin e Europës dhe kulturës së saj dhe meritat e atij udhëheqësi që e bëri të mundur.
Rapsodi të pabotuara të f. A. Santorit: cikli “Kënka jushtërore” (këngët e luftës)
Authors: Bruci Merita , Neziri Zeqirja
Published: December 2023

Në këtë editio princeps të ciklit të rapsodive “Kënka jushtërore” mbledhur e përpunuar nga F. A. Santori do të hedhim dritë mbi një aspekt pak apo aspak të njohur të një shkrimtari shumë prodhimtar arbëresh të shekullit XIX, kontributi i të cilit pak përmendet e mbahet parasysh: Franqisk Anton Santori. Synojmë njëherazi të rivlerësojmë dhe t’u japim zë edhe materialeve që ruan arkivi i Institutit të Gjuhësisë dhe të Letërsisë, duke ia paraqitur studiuesve dhe lexuesve të interesuar1.
Arumanisht në kodikun e kostë Cepi-Vithkuqaritof “Albanian Hellenophony”
Authors: Demiraj Bardhyl
Published: December 2023

Objekt i punimit tonë është një përmendore shkrimi arumanisht e viteve 20 të shekullit XIX, e cituar si e tillë relativisht herët, por që ka mbetur ende e panjohur përkatësisht e paregjistruar në trashëgiminë e kulturës së shkrimit arumun. Shkruajmë qëllimisht “relativisht herët” duke dashur t’i mëshojmë faktit, se nuk është aspak shkruesi i këtyre radhëve ai që i tërheq vëmendjen i pari lexuesit për praninë e saj në këtë trashëgimi sado modeste, që gëzojmë sot prej traditës së shkrimit arumun në kohë dhe hapësirë. Andaj kemi po aq të drejtë të mëtojmë se kjo përmendore i ka anashkaluar regjistrimit të saj në këtë trashëgimi për arsye që mbeten ende për t’u sqaruar.
Price Theory in Ancient India
Authors: Marla Kalyani
Published: December 2023

In the present world, due to black marketing and the profit moto of capitalists, consumers are facing major problems with purchases of any kind. To get control over the high price, the government need to take some measures in the view of the common people. In this scenario, we like to revisit our ancient systems where the administration has been admired greatly. The present paper describes some of the measures of Artha sastra, which may be adaptable even in today’s world.
4-Amino-3-Hydrazino-1,2,4-Triazolium 5-Nitrotetrazolate: A High-Density Energetic Materials
Authors: He Kaiqiang , Zhu Simin , Ge Weiwei , Yang Liu , Li Yinghui
Published: December 2023

4-Amino-3-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazolium 5-nitrotetrazolate (AHT·NT): an energetic nitrogen-rich salt was preparedand fully characterized by1H,13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), andelemental analysis. AHT·NT crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system in Monoclinic crystal system P2 (1) /c group. By including two molecular moieties in the unit cell, the calculated density is 1.789 g·cm-3. There are extensive hydrogen bonding interactions between the cation and the anion form acomplex 3D network.The heat of formationwas calculated with the Gaussian 03suite of programs. AHT·NT exhibit promising detonation performances (pressure: 31.0 GPa; velocity:8831 m·s-1; EXPLO 5.05) that exceedthose of conventional TNT. Impactsensitivity was also determined byhammer tests and resulted at4.5 J. AHT·NT exhibit reasonablephysical properties, such as good thermal (Td = 164.9°C), and reasonable impact sensitivities, making this salt potential energetic material.
The Gender Gap in Undergraduate Economics: A Scoping Review on Contributing Factors
Authors: Zhang Aijia
Published: December 2023

The “women in economics” problem has become well-known within and beyond the economics profession in recent years. A greater representation of women and diversity in economics is necessary and beneficial at various levels. To explore the question of the underrepresentation of women in economics majors, this review identifies and evaluates literature exploring the factors contributing to the proportion of women majoring in economics at US colleges and universities. The contribution of this paper is to organize and clarify the existing knowledge exploring why women are underrepresented in economics at the undergraduate level. At the end of the paper, recommendations for future literature and research are made.
Research on Bionic Climbing Robot Based on Gait Analysis
Authors: Li Jiayi
Published: December 2023

In order to replace humans performing hazardous tasks in complex high-altitude environments, we have designed a two-armed modular bionic robot with clawing, climbing and mobility capabilities for high-altitude tasks in agriculture, forestry and construction. In this paper, a five-degree-of-freedom climbing modular robot with the ability to maneuver between poles in space is presented and analyzed. Three types of climbing gaits is designed and compared in the ADAMS simulation environment based on the torques required by the main joints and the energy consumed by the robot to climb the poles in different directions. The simulation results are the basis for planning the gait of the robot during climbing.
Optimizing Resources to Address STEM Gender Disparities in Western China
Authors: Wan Xiang (Oscar)
Published: December 2023

This research elucidates gender inequality in STEM fields in western China, leveraging extensive data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) encompassing 20,000 students from 112 schools. It explores disparities in educational outcomes and aspirations in STEM, framed by gender and economic backgrounds. The study employs a conceptual framework and optimization model to categorize schools by location and rank and propose an equitable resource allocation method to mitigate gender gaps. By focusing on optimizing resource distribution to address disparities, this study contributes to fostering a diverse and inclusive STEM environment, offering insights for policy improvements and interventions aimed at promoting gender and economic equity in education in China.
Preface: 2nd International Conference on Advances in Materials, Machinery, Electrical Engineering (AMMEE 2023)
Authors: Zhong Jiayi , Sikora Axel
Published: December 2023

The 2nd International Conference on Advances in Materials, Machinery, Electrical Engineering (AMMEE 2023) held at the city of Tianjin, China, during October 30-31, 2023, and provides two days' focus on the science and technology that are the basis for mechanical engineering and industrial informatics. The theme of the plenary session is “Materials, Machinery, Electrical Engineering” featuring invited speakers who will further explore this topic that is so significant for materials, machinery, electrical engineering. Concurrent sessions and a poster session will cover a wide range of topics and issues, including both contributed papers and special sessions developed on specific themes, all with a central focus of materials, machinery, electrical engineering.

This 2nd MMEE received a total of 58 submissions. And 22 submissions have been accepted by our reviewers. By submitting a paper to this AMMEE conference, the authors agree to the review process and understand that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts will be reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the conference committee, who will give detailed comments and-if the submission gets accepted-the authors submit a revised version that takes into account this feedback. All papers are reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declare their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers do not know each other's identities, nor do the authors receive information about who has reviewed their manuscript.

We would like to express their sincere appreciation and thanks to all the members of the AMMEE 2023 Conference Technical Program Committee for their tremendous efforts. They are indebted to the referees for their constructive comments on the papers. Without their dedication, it was impossible to have a successful AMMEE 2023 and a high quality volume of the conference proceedings.

Jiayi Zhong and Axel Sikora

Conference Organizing Committee

Wuhan, China
Deep learning based on rolling bearing fault diagnosis method
Authors: Liu Nianyun , Song Weiwei
Published: December 2023

With the continuous development of industrial automation, rolling bearings play a crucial role in many fields as key mechanical components, and the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings have great significance. This paper discusses a deep learning based rolling bearing fault diagnosis method, aiming to improve the accuracy and efficiency of fault detection. Firstly, the vibration signals of rolling bearings are pre-processed to extract the feature information that helps fault diagnosis. Then, the features were automatically learned and classified by using BP neural network. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the method were verified through experiments. Compared with the traditional fault diagnosis method, the deep learning-based rolling bearing fault diagnosis method has higher accuracy and practicality, which provides strong support for the fault detection and preventive maintenance of rolling bearings.
On the Application of Big Data in Smart Transformation Enterprises
Authors: Ge Shan
Published: December 2023

The arrival of the digital informationization era heralds the issue of technological innovation in the intelligent transformation of enterprises, for different scenarios and different cases, the application of big data plays an important role in the accumulation of massive data, the issue of the reliability of the data and the form of data transformation with the transformation of the enterprise has undergone a significant change in the data processing software platform, and strive to deal with the accuracy and efficiency of the data is a multitude of Enterprises plan to achieve the goal, under the general software of big data, the introduction of data information software platform is undoubtedly an important initiative in today's society in order to meet the massive data research. This paper summarizes the development and application of data information software platforms on the basis of awards, data as a prerequisite, put forward for intelligent platforms to monitor the systematic approach to the integration of the Sqoop framework in the Hadoop platform for the enterprise to formulate an intelligent data monitoring indicators of the processing model.
Effect of cadmium ions on photosystem II oxygen evolution
Authors:   Photobioenergetics Laboratory,
            Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education
            of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Karimli Esmira , Safarova Parvin ,   Photobioenergetics
            Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science
            and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Feyziyev Yashar ,   Photobioenergetics
            Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science
            and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of the study of the effect of cadmium (CdSO4) ions
on photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity. The presence of Cd2+ ions in the medium
was found to significantly inhibit the oxygen evolution in the thylakoid membranes,
indicating a clear correlation between the concentration of Cd2+ ions and the inhibition
of PSII photochemical activity. Additionally, the study identified that this inhibition
is strongly dependent on the pH level of the medium. The inhibition of PSII
photochemical activity occurred quickly at low cadmium concentrations (1.0-30 mM). The
study also observed that the inhibition of O2 evolution by Cd2+ ions was time-dependent,
with a rapid 20-40% inhibition of oxygen evolution occurring when adding Cd2+. The
photochemical activity of PSII was inhibited slowly during long-term incubation. The
findings imply that PSII contains at least one high-affinity cadmium binding site.
Keywords: Cadmium, photosynthesis, photosystem II, oxygen evolution
Study of some physiological changes during the combined effects of TYLCV and
drought stresses in a local tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotype
Authors:   Bioadaptation Laboratory,
            Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education
            of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Mirzayeva Samra , Huseynova Irada ,   Bioadaptation Laboratory,
            Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education
            of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Published: December 2023

Global warming and drought, which are considered the main problems of our time,
seriously damage the rural economy. Long-term drought manifests itself prominently in
plant-pathogen relationships. The Vatan genotype infected with the tomato yellow leaf
curl virus (TYLCV) showed tolerance to drought. Complex host-pathogen interactions are
the basis of tomato plant response to combined biotic and abiotic stresses. According to
the experiments, the tomato plant infected with TYLCV saves the plant from being
destroyed by the pathogen during extreme drought, which helps to prevent crop loss. The
amount of dry biomass in the leaves of the tomato plant increased during virus
infection. The rate of RWC decreased in TYLCV-infected leaves. The content of
photosynthetic pigments leads to a decrease in stressed tomatoes. Considering these,
crop loss can be prevented by using plants resistant to TYLCV in seasons of water
deficit, which is very important from an economic point of view. Keywords: Solanum
lycopersicum L., drought, tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Bemisia tabaci, host
plant-virus interaction, combined stress
Assessing phosphoglycolate phosphatase activity in C3 cereals: unveiling insights
into photosynthesis and stress response
Authors:   Laboratory of Enzymology of
            Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation, Institute of Molecular Biology &
            Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of
            Azerbaijan, Orujova Taliyya , Gurbanova Ulduza ,   Laboratory of Enzymology of
            Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation, Institute of Molecular Biology &
            Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of
            Azerbaijan, Bayramov Shahniyar ,   Laboratory of Enzymology of
            Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation, Institute of Molecular Biology &
            Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of
            Azerbaijan, Guliyev Novruz ,   Laboratory of Enzymology of
            Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation, Institute of Molecular Biology &
            Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of
            Azerbaijan
Published: December 2023

The article sheds new light on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that
connect plant respiration, photosynthesis, and photorespiration. The activity of the
main enzyme of the photorespiratory C2 cycle, a major pathway of plant primary
metabolism 2-Phosphoglycolate (2PG) phosphatase (PGLP; EC 3.1.3.18) was studied in the
leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare
L.) genotypes that differ in drought tolerance and belong to the C3 pathway of
photosynthesis. The highest PGLP activity was detected in Barakatli 95, Gobustan,
Dayanatli and Garabag 22 genotypes. The obtained results revealed that Gobustan and
Garabagh 22 genotypes can be cultivated in rainfed and semi-arid regions, and can be
used as a starting material for creating stress-tolerant varieties in practical breeding
programs. Keywords: Drought stress, 2-Phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGLP), C3 cereals,
plant breeding
Ukrainian universities at the time of war: From occupation to temporary relocation
Authors: Tsybuliak Natalia , Suchikova Yana , Gurenko Olha , Lopatina Hanna , Kovachov Sergii , Bohdanov Ihor
Published: December 2023

Introduction: This paper presents a deep analysis of the impact of the Russian occupation on the activities of Berdyansk State Pedagogical University in Ukraine. This reflection sheds light on numerous challenges faced by the university community under occupation due to the the Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, particularly emphasizing human rights violations and academic freedom. Methods: Utilizing a qualitative research approach, this study employs document analysis, online surveys, and semi-structured interviews. Results: The findings reveal a profound impact of war and occupation on academic and physical freedom. We share the experiences of staff and students during life under occupation, which are filled with fear of violent actions by the occupiers. Berdyansk State Pedagogical University had to adapt to changing conditions, transitioning to a digital educational platform and decentralizing its structure while concurrently fulfilling its third mission: social service and support of the university community and Berdyansk local community.Discussion: Our research-reflective piece calls for immediate intervention and further research toward developing effective strategies to protect the rights of staff and students of higher educational institutions in conditions of war and occupation. We urge the academic community, civil society orgnisations, international orgnisations, and governments to direct their efforts to protect the rights of academic communities during war and occupation. Conclusions provide a critical view of the catastrophic consequences for academic communities and science if timely measures are not taken. Keywords: war, Ukraine, university, occupation, relocation, educational process, scientific work, higher education.
Retina Damar Segmentasyonunda Sinir Mimarisi Arama için Farklı Kodlama Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: KUŞ Zeki , KİRAZ Berna
Published: December 2023

Retinal kan damar segmentasyonu diyabetik retinopati ve yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonu gibi göz hastalıklarının tespiti ve incelemesi açısından kritik bir görevdir. U-şekilli derin sinir ağlarının bu görev için başarılı sonuçlar verdiği bilinmektedir; fakat bu ağların optimize edilmesi gereken bir çok hiper-parametresi bulunmaktadır. Bu ağların otomatik bir şekilde optimizasyonu ve aranması için birçok sinir mimarisi arama (SMA) çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. SMA çalışmaları incelendiğinde seçilen kodlama şemalarının üretilen ağların karmaşıklığını ve performansını doğrudan etkilediği görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, retinal kan damar segmentasyonu için sunduğumuz iki SMA çalışmasında (UNAS-Net ve MedUNAS) önerilen kodlama şemalarının performansları herkese açık olarak yayınlanan iki farklı retinal kan damar segmentasyonu veri kümesi üzerinde karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında, önerilen her iki yöntemin temel alınan U-Net'ten 25 kata kadar daha az parametre ile tüm ölçütler açısından daha iyi performans gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, UNAS-Net ve MedUNAS'ın SMA çalışmaları arasında en az parametre ile yüksek rekabetçi sonuçlar elde edebildiği gösterilmiştir.
Using Machine Learning to Classify Stratigraphic Layers of Snow According to the Snow Micro Pen Device
Authors: Frolov Denis Maksimovich , Seliverstov Yurii Germanovich , Koshurnikov Andrei Viktorovich , Gagarin Vladimir Evgen'evich , Nikolaeva Elizaveta Sergeevna
Published: December 2023

The observation of snow cover by the staff of the Geographical Faculty of Moscow State University of the meteorological observatory has long been researched. This article describes the snow accumulation features and the snow cover's stratigraphy. The third cyclone arrived in Moscow on the night of December 14. There had been a large number of snowdrifts since the beginning of the snow accumulation, and the 49 cm mark was recorded at the MSU weather station. The difficulties of classifying layers in the snow column have been investigated by many glaciologists, something that is also considered in this paper. Machine learning methods were used to classify stratigraphic layers in the snow column according to measurements from the snow micro pen device. The ice crystal shapes within the snow column, resulting from metamorphism (rounded, faceted, thawed), exhibit variations in both density and parameters derived from the snow micro pen device data processing. Specifically, MPF(N) represents the average resistance force, SD(N) denotes its standard deviation, and cv signifies its covariance. This diversity allows for the categorization of processed device data and the incorporation of new measurement data without relying on direct manual drilling results. The obtained device data underwent thorough processing. Through comparison with data from direct snow stratigraphy surveys, the stratigraphic layers of the snow column were classified. Subsequently, utilizing the classified data of the device's stratigraphic layers, K-nearest neighbors clustering enabled the classification of new data obtained from the device without the need for additional manual surveys in the future.
Investigating the content of microplastics and other extraneous particles in Polish bottled water
Authors: Aleksander-Kwaterczak Urszula , Gaj Dominika , Stelmach Alex , Wróbel Tomasz P.
Published: December 2023

Bottled water has enjoyed a global increase in popularity since it is generally perceived to be superior in quality to tap water and necessary when tap water is non-potable. As a result, ensuring that it meets the requisite quality standards is of vital importance. This work aims to examine the content of solid particles, including microplastics, in bottled water available in Polish stores. The second aspect is the preliminary determination of the influence of the water gassing process, together with thermal and light factors, on the content of particles in the water. The number of particles was counted by colour and shape, with the number ranging from 87 to 188 per litre of water; on average, there were 136 ±32 particles per litre of water, demonstrating that water from disposable plastic bottles is contaminated with various substances. The difference in the number of particles may be due to the origin of the waters, the processes they were subjected to prior to bottling, the properties of the bottles as packaging, and the conditions and length of storage and transport. Additional Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed that about 75% of the particles were polymers, and 50% of them were plastics. Particularly alarming is the fact that the bottled waters mostly contained microplastic particles (MP) of smaller sizes, the kind which is recognized as being the most dangerous to human health. In the study, most particles were in the form of irregular shapes, which may indicate that they come from the destruction of waste or plastic products. This is also indicated by the domination of colourless particles. More particles were found in waters exposed to high and low temperatures than in waters stored at room temperature, potentially indicating that storage conditions for drinking water are important. Taking into account the results obtained, increasing attention should be paid to the health risks posed by such microplastics and there is a clear need to introduce legal regulations on the matter. The lack of any legal guidelines or unified standards in the field of MP research means that the results are not always representative, and it also makes it difficult to compare the results from different studies.
PERCEPCIONES DE LAS ENFERMERAS DE ONCOLOGÍA INFANTIL RELACIONADAS CON EL PERFIL, CAPACITACIÓN, EMOCIONES Y REACCIONES EN LA VALORACIÓN DEL NIÑO CON DOLOR
Authors: Lucero Carvacho Yudett Solange , Alcayaga Rojas Claudia Andrea , González Rodríguez Rina Yolanda
Published: December 2023

El cáncer es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en la niñez y la adolescencia. Tanto el impacto biopsicosocial y espiritual que produce, puede llevar al niño a experimentar dolor y sufrimiento. OBJETIVO: Comprender aspectos comunes percibidos por la enfermera oncológica y como se relacionan en la valoración de un niño con dolor. MÉTODO: se trató de un estudio cualitativo con diseño de teoría fundamentada de datos según referencial metodológico de Strauss y Corbin. Por medio de muestreo teórico fueron seleccionados 13 participantes profesionales de enfermería pertenecientes a diferentes hospitales de Santiago de Chile. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad. El estudio se rigió por medio de los criterios de credibilidad, confirmabilidad y fidelidad de Guba y Lincoln. Los datos recolectados fueron transcritos posterior a cada entrevista y analizados en tres etapas: codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. RESULTADOS: para las enfermeras que trabajan en el área de oncología infantil, es central el cuidado entregado en el proceso de enfermedad del niño hospitalizado por cáncer, considerando aspectos como el perfil de las profesionales, las emociones, la capacitación, las reacciones frente a un niño con dolor y las relaciones que existe entre ellos. CONCLUSIONES: Existen aspectos que resultan común en las enfermeras que se desempeñan en oncología infantil y que producto de las relaciones existentes entre ellos, pueden inclinar a las profesionales a reconocer el dolor en los niños con cáncer desde diversas perspectivas.
La experiencia estética como propedéutica a la experiencia de Dios
Authors: Beroch Maria Aracoeli
Published: December 2023

En distintas obras de Edith Stein se encuentran alusiones y algunas reflexiones sobre el ámbito estético, generalmente integradas en otros temas. Este ámbito implica para Stein las nociones de arte, artista, lo bello y sus características, indicaciones sobre las reacciones del espectador ante objetos bellos y/o artísticos y, en fin, Dios como belleza y autor de lo bello en la creación. Se evidencia que en el pensamiento de Stein la estética no implica sólo la reflexión sobre el objeto bello (natural o manufactura humana) sino también el punto de vista del sujeto que se relaciona con la belleza.

El artículo se propone, en un primer momento, reconstruir lo que Stein entiende por experiencia estética a partir de distintas pistas textuales y testimonios personales de la pensadora alemana. La noción de experiencia no es unívoca y esto se refleja también al aplicar la noción a este ámbito de estudio. En un segundo momento, sobre todo a partir de los escritos steinianos de la etapa del período cristiano, se presentan algunos textos donde se verifica que la experiencia estética abre paso a lo ético y sobre todo a lo religioso, permitiendo así una experiencia de Dios.