bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology of extrafloral nectaries of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae)
Authors: Poljuha Danijela , Uzelac Mirela , Zubin Ferri Tea , Damijanić Danijela , Šimunić Mihaela , Korovljević Hrvoje , Weber Tim , Sladonja Barbara
Published: November 2023

Background and Purpose: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Tree of Heaven) is a highly invasive, widespread, and widely investigated plant species native to the broader area of China. Extrafloral nectaries are major components of the A. altissima secretory system, but the knowledge of their morphology and role in the tree's physiology is limited. This research aims to explore the morphology of extrafloral nectaries, compare it to previous findings, and discuss their possible role and function.
Materials and Methods: Extrafloral nectaries on leaves have been monitored through different phases of leaf development, from June to August 2015 and 2022. The nectaries' morphology was investigated using Zeiss Axioscope 5 and BOECO BSZ-405 light microscopes, and FEG QUANTA 250 FEI scanning electron microscope, operating at 7 kV and pressure of 60–100 Pa, without samples pretreatment.
Results: Our investigation revealed the absence of earlier reported pores or ducts on the top of the glands. However, it supports one of the first, systematical investigations of A. altissima extrafloral nectaries conducted in Croatia a century ago, which was until recently forgotten by history. We evaluated our findings against prior theories and assessed the nectaries' potential role and purpose in disposing surplus sugars.
Conclusions: The nectar in A. altissima is not secreted via an opening on the leaves but rather through epidermal tissue tearing.
Application of thermal analysis methods in biology and medicine
Authors: Macan Jelena
Published: November 2023

Thermal analysis methods are widely used in the characterization of substances and materials in chemistry and engineering. But they also find their application in life sciences: biology and medicine. This paper exhaustively and critically reviews the application of the most commonly used thermal analysis methods for the characterization of organs and tissues of plants, animals, and humans. The methods are suitable for differentiating between several types of water in a cell, optimizing treatment, storage, or cultivation conditions, following plant or animal development, medical diagnostics and modelling, and more. Expertise developed in the characterization of synthetic materials and molecules can be transferred to that of biological tissues and biomolecules and opens a perspective for interdisciplinary research. Still, researchers should take into consideration the inherent complexity of biological samples, as well as inevitable changes when isolating the tissue from the living organism.
Tissue optical clearing methods for microscopy: A review of their application in neuroscience
Authors: Hamer Dominik , Petrinec Daniela , Berecki Monika , Glasnović Anton , Gajović Srećko
Published: November 2023

Recent advances in microscopy have enabled cellular-resolution imaging of thick tissue samples or even whole organs. The natural opacity of organs and tissues acts as a barrier to light penetration and must be removed to visualise structures of interest on a three-dimensional scale. Tissue optical clearing methods achieve sample transparency while also preserving fluorescently labelled epitopes. This innovative approach to sample preparation effectively enhances traditional histological sections and, with the aid of light sheet microscopy, enables optical sectioning and three-dimensional reconstruction of entire organs, even whole brains. Light sheet microscopy of optically cleared brain samples is a valuable method in neuroscience that is used in neuro-oncology, traumatic brain injury, ischemic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease research.In this review, we describe tissue optical clearing methods used to achieve optical transparency in brain samples. This quickly developing field has a significant potential for producing cutting-edge uses in neuroscience research.
A young researcher’s guide to three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy of living cells
Authors: Filić Vedrana , Weber Igor
Published: November 2023

Three-dimensional imaging of fast intracellular processes by fluorescence microscopy should provide decent spatial and high temporal resolution while minimizing fluorophore bleaching and cytotoxicity. We give a condensed introductory overview of three contemporary methods mostly used for imaging of living cells in 3D and compare their performance in terms of temporal and spatial resolution, imaging flexibility and specimen photodamage: point-scanning confocal microscopy, spinning-disc confocal microscopy, and lattice light-sheet microscopy. While point-scanning instruments are unsurpassed in terms of confocal performance, flexibility and configurability of their optical path, spinning-disc and lattice light-sheet optical designs excel in acquisition speed and low levels of light-inflicted specimen deterioration.
Beginners guide to sample preparation techniques for transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Dumančić Ena , Vojta Lea , Fulgosi Hrvoje
Published: November 2023

Background purpose: The revolution in microscopy came in 1930 with the invention of electron microscope. Since then, we can study specimens on ultrastructural and even atomic level. Besides transmission electron microscopy (TEM), for which specimen preparation techniques will be described in this article, there are also other types of electron microscopes that are not discussed in this review.
Materials and methods: Here, we have described basic procedures for TEM sample preparation, which include tissue sample preparation, chemical fixation of tissue with fixatives, cryo-fixation performed by quick freezing, dehydration with ethanol, infiltration with transitional solvents, resin embedding and polymerization, processing of embedded specimens, sectioning of samples with ultramicrotome, positive and negative contrasting of samples, immunolabeling, and imaging.
Conclusion: Such collection of methods can be useful for novices in transmission electron microscopy.
Celebrating 40 years of the Croatian Microscopy Society
Authors: Poljuha Danijela , Kovačević Goran
Published: November 2023

We are delighted to present a special issue of Periodicum biologorum,dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Croatian Microscopy Societyas an independent Society and the 40th anniversary of its foundation.
A utility of holistic health in shrimad bhagavad gita and patanjali Yog Sutra: A review
Authors: Negi Kavita , Tanushree  , Chaurasia Nandani
Published: November 2023

Stress, poor eating, smoking, drinking, drug use, and malnutrition contribute to an unhealthy lifestyle. A harmful lifestyle results in medical issues such as metabolic disorders, joint and bone disorders, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, obesity, and aggression. WHO states, "Health is a complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Recently, a fourth dimension of spiritual health has also been suggested but has failed to define it in a way that distinguishes it from religion. The clarifies coping strategies for a variety of life circumstances. The dialogue between Lord Krishna and Arjuna demonstrates constructive coping mechanisms. The purpose of all these spiritual paths is known as yogas, which include , which focuses on knowledge, , which emphasizes effort; and which emphasizes love and devotion. The recommends specific foods (Sattvic, Rajasic, and Tamasic) to help us maintain our compassion after consuming them. The Gita claims that Lord Krishna informed us of the consequences of eating particular foods. Simultaneously, practicing the develops a physically fit personality, emotionally stable, intellectually brilliant, and spiritually awakened nature. Patanjali mentions four propounds the or eight parts or limbs. This review highlighted the concepts of holistic health limited to , and the mentioned in the and in .
To review the properties of rice and wheat according to its types as in Ayurveda
Authors: Shisode Nileema
Published: November 2023

Rice and wheat are staple food of India. Now days, it is recommended to eat only small grains, protein rich food and pulses. As per Ayurveda, the food which is grown in our area, where we live is suitable for us. Ayurveda gives detail description about types of rice, its qualities according to cultivation, variety, cooking etc. This data is extracted from the major text of Ayurveda, charak, sushruta, vagbhat and also other important text such as bhavprakash, Kashyapsamhita, chakradatta, ayurved mahodadhi-a diet book, websites, research thesis etc. As all this data is scattered and difficult to understand it is compiled for the better understanding about our important staple food. Rice is a very important grain as per Ayurvda; to study qualities of rice and wheat according to it types is aim of this study. Rice grown in arid land with minimum water, Rice which is old for more than one year and less than 2 year is good for nourishment and also healthy for diabetes patients. Red rice has good medicinal value. Method to cook rice is also very important. Wheat and yava is recommended to use when they are new, as after aging they become less nutritious. This article will help to know more about varieties of rice, its properties, its effect on body, its use in different diseases, and specific action on human organs. This article will give new insight about rice and wheat to common man as well as researcher.
Prevalence of mental illness among women in an urban slum area of Jaipur: A cross- sectional study
Authors: Sinha Sweta , Sharma Shubham Mohan , Shrivastava Prabha , Bankwar Vishal
Published: November 2023

Gender has been described as a critical determinant of mental health and mental illness. Depression is not only the most common women's mental health problem, but may be more persistent in women than men.

To assess the burden of depression, anxiety and stress among women residing in urban slums of Jaipur and also to assess the factors affecting them.

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban field practice area among women aged 18-59 years with calculated sample size of 503. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-21 questionnaire was used to capture the primary outcomes—depression, anxiety, and stress. Data was analyzed using SPSS and MS Excel. The statistical significance was evaluated at 95% confidence level. The difference in proportions was compared using Chi-square test and p-value <0.05 was considered significant.

In our study, the overall, the prevalence of anxiety, stress and depression was 38.22%, 9.11%, and 18.61%, respectively which ranged from mild to extremely severe. There were meaningful correlations between probable factors like physical inactivity, poor sleep and generalized pain and DASS scores obtained by the participants.

The study showed that the prevalence of anxiety was higher compared to other DASS symptoms. The DASS symptoms were poorly associated to demographic characteristics of the study participants although amongst the separated and widowed females there was significant statistical association.
Efficacy of pranic healing for inch-loss
Authors: Renjhen Prachi , Jha Ravi Prakash , Thirani Saurabh
Published: November 2023

Pranic Healing is an ancient science and art of healing that uses Prana or Life force to heal the whole physical body. It is a no-drug, no-touch energy healing modality taught by Master Choa Kok Sui since 1987. The study aimed to assess if a single session of Pranic Healing can lead to inch loss.

An interventional study was conducted with 49 volunteers who desired waist circumference reduction. Baseline waist circumference measurements were collected from all participants. This was followed by a single 60-minute session of Distant Pranic Healing administered by a Certified Practitioner.

Waist circumference measurements were recorded immediately after the healing session. The data analysis showed that post-intervention there was a statistically significant reduction in the measured waist circumference for the study group for over 90% of the study participants. These results prove that Pranic Healing can aid as a modality for inch loss. It is remarkable to note that a reduction of waist circumference was achieved in a 60-minute Pranic Healing session without using any drugs, gadgets, or physical contact.
Tutorías en Iberoamérica: el desafío de acompañar trayectorias escolares diversas
Authors: Cappelletti Gachy , Savransky Natalia
Published: November 2023

Ante la crisis de aprendizajes dada por la pandemia, los gobiernos de América Latina y diversas organizaciones de la sociedad civil pusieron en marcha iniciativas de aprendizaje remoto, que variaron en función de las regiones y recursos disponibles. Este documento presenta orientaciones que pueden acompañar el diseño de iniciativas, como las tutorías, para acompañar trayectorias educativas y acelerar aprendizajes. Este texto ha sido elaborado considerando dos instancias de trabajo promovidas por el BID durante el año 2022: los encuentros sincrónicos de Comunidades de Práctica (CdP) entre 40 organizaciones que llevan adelante programas de tutorías en Iberoamérica, y la profundización en el análisis de 6 experiencias.
Research Insights: How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises’ Use of Online Banking?
Authors: Cerda Maikol , Cervantes David , Gertler Paul , Higgins Sean , Montoya Ana María , Parrado Eric , Serrano Carlos , Undurraga Raimundo , Yáñez-Pagans Patricia
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly accelerated the digitalization of micro, small, and medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Latin America. The shift from in-person to online banking transactions has been both significant and permanent, becoming more important not only during the lockdowns but also after the economic recovery. This digital transformation has been observed across all industries, firm sizes, and geographical locations, indicating a broad-based response to the pandemics challenges.
The Foundation of Coalition avenir Québec and Québec party politics in the second half of the 2010s - early 2020s
Authors: Akimov Yury
Published: November 2023

The article deals with the main trends in the Quebec provincial party politics in the second half of the 2010s – early 2020s. It shows the emergence and formation of the Coalition avenir Québec party along with the specificity of its ideology. It also analyses the changes in the balance of power in the provincial politics after the 2018 elections in National Assembly. Special attention is given to the attempts to reform the electoral system of Quebec. The author concludes that new long-term trends have appeared in provincial politics.
U.S. missile defense policy in the context of great power competition
Authors: Krivolapov Oleg O.
Published: November 2023

American missile defense in the late 1990s began to develop as a protection against the DPRK and Iran. Washington's official approach has evolved over twenty years. Currently, certain segments of the U.S. missile defense policy are officially linked with the confrontation against Russia and China. Even if the Russian or Chinese strategic nuclear forces, due to their size, will never be the main target for U.S. missile defense, the air components of the Chinese and Russian nuclear triads are already in the ‘crosshairs’ of U.S. missile defense. The overall strategy for the use of integrated air and missile defense is evolving. There are a number of features of the qualitative and quantitative development of regional missile defense systems to protect U.S. troops and their allies. The space component of missile defense, even without the creation of orbital missile defenses, is developing in a direction that can threaten strategic stability. The confrontation with North Korea and Iran because of the size of their missile arsenals makes it necessary to integrate offensive and defensive systems with each other. But it is precisely the confrontation with the Russia and China that makes the U.S. to unite offensive missiles, missile defense, air defense, and, in the long term, measures to protect their space assets through architecture of sensors of various types and battle management systems.
Overview of the evolution process of the Soviet and American ASAT weapons in the second half of the XX century
Authors: Petrova Irina
Published: November 2023

Russia and the United States have a long history of military-technical rivalry that began after World War II in Soviet-American relations and continues up to this day. This rivalry has been a momentum for the development of many types of military equipment and weapons, including, since the beginning of the space age, anti-satellite weapons. The article provides a detailed analysis of the emergence and development of anti-satellite warfare, their categories and variety of types, as well as technologies applicable in the creation of anti-satellite weapons. In addition, the article traces the relationship between the technologies for creating anti-missile defense and anti-satellite weapons, and also shows the influence on its implementation of both the domestic political course of each of the superpowers and the Soviet-American negotiations on arms control.
A New Paradigm of Integration of the Arab and Muslim Stratum of the U.S. Population
Authors: Shumilina Inna V.
Published: November 2023

The article comprehends the modern approach to the problem of immigrant assimilation in the United States. The focus of attention is the Arab-American diaspora, which is growing rapidly in numbers and is actively going through the difficulties of fitting the ethno-group into the domestic political context of the United States due to the specifics of the "legacy" of 9/11. It is this segment of the American population that most clearly demonstrates a departure from the classical "straightforward" assimilation, thus changing the strategy of the process, as well as the essence of the metaphor of the American "melting pot”.
Economic Effects of Investment in Defense Research and Development and its Impact on Productivity in Developed Countries
Authors: Giraldo Martinez Guillermo Alfonso , Flórez Zuluaga Jimmy Anderson , Morante Granobles Diego Fernando , Escobar Soto Jhon Fredy
Published: November 2023

This work is based on the hypothesis that a country’s technological development and innovation in the security and defense sector is a critical factor for developing high-tech industries and thus promoting the country’s competitiveness. This research seeks to establish a correlation between defense economics (DE), security investments in research and development (R & R&D), and the generation of value-added products in high-tech industries from 2009 to 2018, based on models used in the United States, China, and Japan. Quantitative, descriptive, and non-experimental research was implemented to conduct a statistical verification. This contributed to determining the connection between value-added productivity (VAP) indicators related to investments in R&D, the Competitiveness Index, value-added industries, and high-technology exports creating a correlation between the DE indicator and investments in research discovering positive relationships among these variables.
La relación del valor económico agregado (EVA) y el retorno del mercado accionario colombiano 2009 al 2020
Authors: Lezama Palomino Juan Carlos , Laverde Sarmiento Miguel Ángel , García Carrillo Jorge Fernando
Published: November 2023

Uno de los métodos aceptados para evaluar el desempeño de las empresas es el EVA, que es una medida que cuantifica la creación de valor que genera la empresa; se espera que a medida que se mejora el indicador, también lo haga la valoración de la empresa, de este modo, el valor de mercado aumenta. En este sentido, se han realizado trabajos para medir el efecto del eva en el comportamiento de los precios de las acciones con resultados dispares; sin embargo, no existe un consenso al respecto, pues los resultados han sido diferentes según el país, el periodo y las metodologías empleadas. La presente investigación analiza la relación del eva con los retornos del mercado accionario colombiano para el periodo 2009-2020, aplicando un análisis correlacional y un modelo econométrico; entre los principales resultados se encuentra que el sector que más ha creado valor en los últimos años es el sector financiero, y que el spread del eva presenta una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa con el NOPAT, ROE y ROIC. Además, se encontró que el eva no afecta el comportamiento de los retornos de los principales sectores que participan en la bolsa de valores de Colombia.
Emprendimiento y género en el posconflicto
Authors: Cifuentes García Cerbulo Andrés , Hoyos Bravo Alexandra , Gutiérrez González Sully Tatiana
Published: November 2023

En Colombia, después de cinco años de la firma del acuerdo de paz, es evidente que aún está en proceso el restablecimiento de la vida cotidiana de las víctimas de este conflicto. El emprendimiento se presenta como una herramienta que puede apoyar el empoderamiento económico que requiere esta población. Este artículo analizó los efectos de las competencias emprendedoras de las mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado en la probabilidad de crear un negocio. Para ello, este estudio utilizó un análisis descriptivo y empírico con base en los datos recolectados de mujeres que habitan los municipios de Buga y Tuluá en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se identificó que las variables de asumir riesgos (resiliencia e iniciativa en la dimensión del saber ser),las de exploración de oportunidades (autonomía y trabajo en equipo en la dimensión de saber hacer) y todas las variables propuestas en la dimensión de saber conocer son significativas en la propensión a emprender.
Modelo de costos colaborativo para la cadena de suministro del sector panificador
Authors: Vergara Mesa Gerardo Alexander , Vergara Mesa Jesús , Rincón Soto Carlos Augusto , Carranza Jiménez July Tatiana
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: proponer un modelo de costos híbrido colaborativo para la cadena de suministro del sector panificador en Colombia, conformado principalmente por MiPymes (micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas), los cuales no cuentan con un sistema integrado de costos que permita realizar mediciones, análisis, control y gestión estratégica, que facilite la supervivencia de las empresas participantes y su desarrollo conjunto. Metodología: se parte de un análisis bibliográfico, luego la metodología se fundamenta en un sistema de costos por procesos, con algunos elementos relevantes del costo, costeo estándar y precios de transferencia. El modelo incluye elementos relevantes en la medición horizontal en la cadena productiva que permiten hacer análisis cooperativo. Resultados: se presenta un ejemplo del modelo matemático apoyado en datos del estudio de caso, que genera indicadores de costos que pueden ser útiles para la gestión de la cadena productiva.
Basic Methods of Influence in social Advertisement
Authors:   Saratov State University, Solodovnikova A.N.
Published: November 2023

The article studies the basic methods of influence on the addressee in social advertisement, some of which are considered to be in common with those of commercial advertisement, others – specifically characteristic.
«Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends» by n.V. Gogol: the Idea of service and the Poetic Manner of Its Implementation
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kulakova T.A.
Published: November 2023

The article gives basic meaning components of service motif, identifies its role in the plot and composition of “Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends” and shows the transformation of the author-preacher image that is typical of didactic literature into a personified and many-sided image of a “good Christian”.
The Function of Memory in the Formation of national Identity in «England, England» by Julian Barnes
Authors:   Saratov State University, Gorbunova O.V.
Published: November 2023

The article studies the authenticity of the notion of Englishness and the elusive nature of personal memory, which are the most important themes in the novel by the famous English postmodernist Julian Barnes; it also shows how the narrative structure of memories exposes national identity as a construct.
John Fowles’ Essays on thomas Hardy
Authors:   Saratov State University, Garushyan S.A.
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the peculiarities and evolution of John Fowles’ essayistic style on the material of his essays devoted to Thomas Hardy, the great English novelist of the late Victorian age.
Service Quality and Performance Results through Customer Satisfaction at Small-Scale Hotels in Hanoi Area
Authors: Quoc Dat Nguyen , Thu Hang Nguyen
Published: November 2023

In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the hotel industry in Vietnam shows a strong recovery, businesses are continuously stepping up recruitment activities, expanding markets and increasing customer files. . The goal of the article is to clarify the impact of service quality on operational results through customer satisfaction. The research sample was collected by the author of the article from 119 survey questionnaires after 3 times distributing questionnaires to customers who used services at 5 small-scale hotels in the Hanoi area of ​​Vietnam. Using quantitative research on the PLS-SEM linear structural model on SPSS 20 and AMOS 20 software, the results have identified 3 groups of recommended solutions for hotel managers in meeting demand. customers and improve operational results, including: (i) Organizing hotel staff, foreign language training, and professional behavior; (ii) Invest in equipment and facilities suitable to customer needs in different stages; (iii) Increase customer responsiveness, especially through the internet channel.
Challenge to general law of data protection (GLDP) enforcement of informative self-determination
Authors: Silva Gabriela Buarque Pereira , Ehrhardt Júnior Marcos Augusto de Albuquerque
Published: November 2023

The present article approaches the paradigm of valuing consent to treat personal data as provided on the General Law of data Protection (GLDP), due to confrontation with its effectiveness, based on informative self-determination. At this point, some insufficiencies of the model to the adequate adjustment in fundamental rights and in alternatives feasible to implement the idea of informative self-determination will be assessed based on the deductive methodology of literature review. It is pointed out that the merely formal consent cannot be enough to free consent protection due to cognitive limitations, asymmetry among powers, need of service usufruct, use of technical terms, time shortage and difficulty to manage future risks. On the other hand, some trends are highlighted to mitigate this insufficiency, be it through information systems such as privacy by design, accountability, offer of paid premium services without counterpart of the indiscriminate assignment of data and other contextual analyses.
Violência, política de gênero e fake news
Authors: Bertolin Patrícia Tuma Martins , Alves Tamires Torres
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo abordar a violência política de gênero e as fake news. A priori, se fará uma análise do termo violência, nas suas dimensões direta, estrutural e cultural, para verificar a incidência no âmbito político, em relação as mulheres. Após, estudaremos a Lei nº 14.192, de 4 de agosto de 2021, que estabelece normas para prevenir, reprimir e combater a violência política contra a mulher. Por fim, passaremos a estudar a ocorrência da violência política contra a mulher nos meios digitais, com enfoque na desinformação e fake news, bem como os prejuízos ao pleito eleitoral, em consequência, à Democracia.
Democracia, participación y movimientos sociales como constructores de derechos humanos
Authors: Barragán Robles Vicente , Gándara Carballido Manuel
Published: November 2023

A la hora de hablar de democracia y de derechos humanos, partimos de un posicionamiento claro, no imparcial: desde el inicio entenderemos que los diferentes desafíos a los que la democracia se está enfrentando, se tejen alrededor de las diversidades de luchas que son reconocidas en los derechos humanos, entendidos estos como los resultados provisionales de procesos de lucha y que persiguen garantizar los bienes materiales e inmateriales que toda persona precisa para vivir. El texto que se presenta hará un recorrido sobre el diagnóstico del debilitamiento de las democracias liberales y las posibilidades de auge de los fascismos ante éstas. Se expondrán posibilidades de superación a partir de la profundidad en las prácticas democráticas, de procesos culturales emancipadores desde una visión crítica de los derechos humanos, en diálogo con la obra de Joaquín Herrera Flores.
Do direito fundamental de liberdade à responsabilidade: um diálogo entre roth e arendt
Authors: Siqueira Natercia , Sampaio Siqueira Marcelo
Published: November 2023

Este artigo aborda o extremismo discursivo prejudicial à política e à axiologia democrática, propondo-se a verificar as suas causas e o seu impacto na democracia. Analisa a obra de Arendt e a literatura de Roth para compreender o processo afetivo de autoengano, ausência do pensamento e delegação de responsabilidade que leva ao extremismo discursivo que, em alguma medida, responde pelo absurdo da ação humana. Conclui que a responsabilidade, mediante o pensamento, é fundamental para o resgate do diálogo que possibilita a efetiva vivência da política e da axiologia democráticas, devendo ser concebida como a outra face do direito à liberdade
Perspectiva democrática da política institucional de raça e gênero no judiciário brasileiro
Authors: Alencar Juliana , Paixão Silva Oliveira Liziane
Published: November 2023

A democracia em sociedades cuja relações estão constituídas na desigualdade de gênero e raça, passa a ser uma ficção quando essa não chega às portas das mulheres negras por dela não participarem ou mesmo, dela não usufruírem, assim, essa pesquisa analisará o caminho de ascensão da mulher negra na carreira do Judiciário e os efeitos nas políticas institucionais desenhadas à luz do recorte racial e das desigualdades raciais, de modo a compreender os arranjos institucionais capazes de fomentar a participação de mulheres negras nos espaços de poder no Judiciário, numa abordagem quali-quantitativa e explicativa, tendo como método, o raciocínio dedutivo.
Impacto do direito internacional nas ações afirmativas de gênero no direito eleitoral brasileiro
Authors: Botelho Sgadari Passeggi Anna Luisa , De Siqueira Mariana
Published: November 2023

Em que medida os compromissos internacionais assumidos pelo Brasil influenciaram o direito interno na promoção da participação das mulheres na política? O presente artigo analisa instrumentos internacionais e o impacto de sua incorporação na legislação eleitoral brasileira nos últimos 25 anos (1996 a 2021). As análises demonstram que o direito internacional impulsionou de forma decisiva a implementação de ações afirmativas de gênero, tanto pela via legislativa quanto judiciária. A despeito disso, a persistência da sub-representação demonstra que os avanços não foram suficientes para a solução da desigualdade de acesso das mulheres em cargos eletivos no país.
Função social da empresa e integridade corporativa: sistema regulatório e repercussões de sua inobservância do ponto de vista dos direitos e garantias constitucionais fundamentais
Authors: Zenkner Marcelo
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo faz uma análise da função social das empresas estabelecida na Constituição Federal brasileira para, a partir daí, estabelecer as verdadeiras dimensões da integridade corporativa como valor tutelado pela Lei nº 12.846/2013. A partir das relações estabelecidas entre a integridade corporativa e os direitos e garantias constitucionais fundamentais, traz aplicações práticas da Lei nº 12.846/2013, em relação à defesa da democracia, ao combate ao trabalho forçado e ao trabalho infantil, à defesa do meio ambiente e da sustentabilidade e ao combate ao “greenwashing”.
Costs and benefits of Euro adoption in Slovakia
Authors: Drachal Krzysztof
Published: November 2023

W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono historię wejścia Słowacji do strefy Euro. Przeanalizowano pierwsze efekty z przyjęcia nowej waluty na podstawie najnowszych danych z gospodarki. Celem badania było przedsyskutowanie spodziewanych korzyści, jak np. elimiacja ryzyka kursowego, spadek kosztów transakcyjnych, stabilność cen, wzrost wymiany handlowej i poprawa wiarygodności kredytowej. Te efekty oczekiwane dzięki przyjęciu euro zostały skonforntowane z bieżacymi danymi z rynku. Ostatecznie postawiona została hipoteza, mówiąca, że pozytywne efekty z przyjęcia nowej waluty są głównie skutkiem tego, że Słowacja jest małym krajem. Metodologia użyta w niniejszym opracowaniu oparta jest przede wszystkim na krytycznym przeglądzie literaturowym najnowszych publikacji.
Wykorzystanie elektronicznej wymiany danych w wybranych przedsiębiorstwach
Authors: Fajczak-Kowalska Anita
Published: November 2023

IT systems that use electronic data interchange standards significantly contribute to the development of companies. This is due to the possibility for increasing the efficiency of data processing, which in today's economic relations is the key to the smooth functioning of the market. The examples of companies that use EDI systems testify to the fact that the progressive computerization is a prerequisite for harmonious action, and more and more advanced solutions are highly convenient in terms of corporate governance generally understood.
Gospodarka na dopingu, czyli jak wywołać kryzys finansowy gospodarki
Authors: Kalinowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2023

The aim of this paper is empirical analysis of the Austrian theory which points that a monetary shock disturbs relative prices, such as the term structure of interest rates and leads to economic breakdown. Empirical evidence on Austrian Business Cycle is based on some economic crisises from 19th, 20th and 21st century. The paper also points out other than central bank`s monetary policy factors which affect the level of market interest rates.
Kryzys zadłużenia państw strefy Euro rozpatrywany jako zagadnienieo charakterze dylematu więźnia
Authors: Misztal Anna , Gasiński Wojciech
Published: November 2023

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badania dotyczącego kryzysu finansowego w strefie euro w oparciu o teorię gier. Autorzy artykułu przeprowadzając analizę skupiają się na sytuacji gospodarczej w Grecji i jej wpływie na dalsze funkcjonowanie strefy euro. Kryzys, z którym borykają się Grecy, jest wynikiem szybkiego wzrostu zadłużenia w tym kraju, spowodowanego brakiem zrównoważonego budżetu. Polityka Unii Europejskiej ukierunkowana na walkę z nadmiernym deficytem budżetowym stoi niejako w opozycji do dotychczasowych działań podejmowanych przez władze Grecji. Celem działań UE jest konieczność wprowadzenia restrykcyjnej polityki fiskalnej przez rząd Grecji, co może być w konflikcie z interesami greckich obywateli. Autorzy opracowania, stosując teorię gier, próbują znaleźć optymalne rozwiązanie w kontekście pojawiającego się konfliktu interesów. Artykuł przedstawia tylko możliwe warianty przebiegu kryzysu strefy euro, ale nie analizuje stopnia ich prawdopodobieństwa.
Dynamika zmiany PKB a wahania konsumpcji na przykładzie wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Rydarowska-Kurzbauer Joanna
Published: November 2023

The turn of century was full of dynamic and multi-dimensional changes in the global economy. The most spectacular phenomena may include financial crises. They exerted influence not only on the economy, in which they appeared, but as a result of deepening of globalization spread "infecting" others. The purpose of this article was an attempt to find similarities in the dynamics of changes in production and global demand that characterized the economy of selected European Union countries. From the viewpoint adopted for the choice of test method. Information on the selected countries were gathered by analysis of statistical data. The starting point was to show the dynamics of gross domestic product (GDP) in selected countries and to find similarities between them. In the next section, attention was focused on the changes in the component of aggregate demand: consumption and particularly on its correlation with the rate of change of GDP. For analysis and comparisons were selected following the economy: the economy of the European Union (represented by the euro area) and the economie of Central and Eastern Europe. For countries - representatives of Central and East European adopted mainly due to historical and geographical reasons, apart from Polish, Czech, Hungary and Slovakia. Completed a brief summary of the article indicating that the main conclusions of the analysis.
Elastyczność rynków pracy a bezrobocie w krajach Unii Europejskiej w okresie kryzysu
Authors: Siek Elżbieta
Published: November 2023

The goal of this paper is to compare the European Union member states regarding the flexibility of their labour markets and an essay to explain the meaning of the level of this flexibility in formation of changes that the labour market undergoes. In the article an analysis and evaluation of the flexibility level of the labour markets in the EU member states, utilising the indexes of the Employment Protection Legislation (EPL), sub-indexes of the economic freedom that concern the employees rights (labour freedom) and indexes of fiscal charge. Subsequently the shaping of the GDP growth speed, unemployment rate and work efficiency in 2008-2011 (quarterly) was presented. Also the evaluation of the mutual relations between these variables was made. An article ends with proper conclusions.
Idee liberalne w polskiej myśli ekonomicznej po II wojnie światowej do lat 70. XX wieku
Authors: Walasek Mateusz
Published: November 2023

The essay shows how in the era of central planning ideology, Polish economists expressed the conviction of the need to respect certain ideas of liberal economics. In the first part we present ideas of Adam Krzyżanowski and Edward Taylor - writers who were active before the war and were able to continue their work in early post-war period. In the next part it has been shown views of authors taking part in discussion about Central Board of Planning and in discussion about the law of value. Czesław Bobrowski, Włodzimierz Brus, Jan Mujżel, Józef Popkiewicz, Stefan Kurowski postulated implementation of market mechanism to planed economy, but in practice never propagated abandon of central planning nor privatization of production resources.
Sejmiki ziemi nurskiej 1780–1786
Authors: Filipczak Witold
Published: November 2023

The article concerns the sejmiks held in the land of Nur, which was a part of the Mazovian palatinate. The szlachta who arrived in the city of Nur elected envoys, deputies in the Crown Tribunal, candidates for the judiciary offices in the land of Nur, and found solutions to problems connected with self-government. Even though Mazovia was dominated by the royalist party, the sejmiks in Nur were very turbulent. In 1782 two elections connected with two offices were held simultaneously, which was against the law and thus gave rise to displeasure. The animosities between local szlachta activists made Stanisław August refrain from appointing people to some important offices in the land. The election of envoys for the sejm of 1786 was particularly tumultuous. The article includes an analysis of instructions for the representatives of the land of Nur in Parliament. It also dwells on the local political élites.
Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe „Nowe Wyzwolenie” w świetle sprawozdań Komitetów Wojewódzkich PPR i Wojewódzkich Komitetów PPS (czerwiec 1946 – styczeń 1947)
Authors: Skrzyński Tomasz
Published: November 2023

In the spring of 1946, a small part of the broadly understood PSL management concluded that in the view of the Communists’ determination and ruthlessness of the remaining in opposition made no sense any longer. Without their party superiors’ knowledge they established contacts with the authorities of the PPR and PPS. Since they had failed to convince the Supreme Council of PSL of their views, they began to publish a newspaper „The New Deliverance”. After their exclusion from the ranks of the legal opposition they formed a new political party. They argued that they would be the best representatives of the peasant’s interests in the country. They disassociate themselves from the PSL opposition tactic. They proclaimed to be in favor of the agreement and the cooperation on equal terms with PPR and being its allies which resulted in voting 3 times „Yes” in the referendum. They considered themselves to be the party standing, as far as their program was concerned, between SL and PSL, between the opposition and the government. The most important problem, however, was their credibility. PSL
„The New Deliverance” was used by Communists to make the independent peasant movement weaker (e.g., during the election campaign to the parliament), and the Socialists to expand their influence in the country.
The time for the departure from the ranks of the legal opposition was politically missed. The construction of the group was facilitated by the impunity of the falsified results of the referendum done by the Communists and the growing preelection terror of PPR. The weakest structures were created at the level of the party’s circles.
RELACJE SPOŁECZNE W OSIEDLACH GRODZONYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE ŁODZI
Authors: Tobiasz-Lis Paulina
Published: November 2023

Osiedla grodzone s obecnie jednym z najszerzej i najczę ściej dyskutowanych problemów polskich miast. Stanowi zjawisko o charakterze globalnym, jednak lokalne uwarunkowania społeczno-kulturowe decydują o ich specyfice. W Polsce są niekwestionowanym symbolem przemian społecznych, ekonomicznych i kulturowych, które dokonały się w ostatnim dwudziestoleciu. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, i oferty deweloperów prezentujące ich najnowsze inwestycje wychodzą naprzeciw wymaganiom klientów rynku nieruchomości, zapewniając dwie najważniejsze potrzeby: bezpieczeństwa i spokoju. Akcentują także prestiż zamieszkiwania w osiedlach typu gated communities, który w świetle literatury ma być drugim obok bezpieczeństwa motywem grodzenia się o charakterze globalnym. Ich mieszkańcami mają być przedstawiciele rodzącej się w Polsce tzw. klasy metropolitalnej, a więc ludzie młodzi, wykształceni, dobrze zarabiający i posiadający potrzeby, których nie zaspokoi blokowisko doby socjalizmu. W niniejszym opracowaniu zaprezentowano łódzkie osiedla zamknięte, jako terytorialny podsystem społeczny o charakterze wspólnotowym w mieście, wewnętrzne wzajemne relacje mieszkańców wobec siebie i wobec zajmowanego terytorium oraz relacje zewnętrzne wobec sąsiadów „zza bramy”. Wskazano zarówno przyczyny, ale przede wszystkim społeczne efekty „grodzenia się” uzyskane w trakcie prowadzonych badań. Badania społeczne przeprowadzone zarówno wewnątrz osiedli grodzonych, jak i w ich najbliższym sąsiedztwie pokazały, iż grodzenie przestrzeni miejskiej przyczynia się do dezintegracji terytorialnego systemu społecznego miasta, zwłaszcza w obrębie społecznych relacji zewnętrznych. Należy również poddać weryfikacji efekty grodzenia osiedli mieszkaniowych, których spodziewał się O. Newman definiując przestrzeń bronioną. Okazuje się bowiem, że chociaż kontakty sąsiedzkie mieszkańców osiedli typu gated communities można zakwalifikować do relacji kooperacji, to odbywają się one przede wszystkim poprzez sieć internetu, a realne więzi społeczne ulegają zdecydowanemu rozluźnieniu.
Comparison of Acute Toxicity Test of Cardamom Extract Combination and Curcuma with a Combination of Cardamom Extract and Galangal against Artemia salina Leach by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Method
Authors: Julian Rixzal Azis , Desiani Ekanita , Utami Primanitha Ria
Published: November 2023

Cardamom, ginger, and galangal are one of the plants that are often used as herbal medicine. Similar studies that have been carried out previously only conducted single extract tests and have not combined extracts, and compared the results of using two combinations of extracts. However, because there is a possibility of interactions between compounds in a single extract that can increase their toxic effects, it is necessary to conduct acute toxicity testing of the combination aimed at determining the potential toxicity. This study aims to determine the comparison of the potential acute toxicity of cardamom and curcuma extract combinations with cardamom and galangal extract combinations seen from LC50 values using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The research conducted was an experimental study, extracted by maceration method and using BSLT method for toxicity testing. In this study using 5 variations in concentration, but the concentration of extracts used in the combination of extracts is different, namely the combination of cardamom and curcuma extracts using variations in concentrations of 12.5ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, while the combination of cardamom and galangal extracts uses variations in concentrations of 500 ppm, 250 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 10 ppm. The LC50 value was obtained from the number of larvae that died after 24 hours of treatment with probit analysis.The results showed that the combination of cardamom extract and curcuma had a highly toxic level against Artemia salina Leach larvae with an LC50 value of 12.98 ppm, and a combination of cardamom extract (Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton) and galangal (Alpinia galanga L) had an LC50 of 18.08 ppm. The results showed that both combinations are highly toxic due to LC50 ≤ 30 ppm values.
Russian character in symbols and markers of folk ethnicity
Authors: Bauder Galina A. , Polunina Lyudmila I.
Published: November 2023

The main features of the Russian national character are analyzed, which allow expanding the horizons and range of humanitarian knowledge, contributing to the formation and strengthening of national culture in modern society. The factors that determined the specifics of the Russian national character formation are considered, among which dialectics stands out. The necessity of orientation of modern socio-economic transformations in the formation of the worldview and mentality of the Russian people is substantiated. The Russian character is examined in the symbols and markers of the national ethnic group, familiarity with which reflects one of the principles of the cultural description of the Russian language – the inclusion of maximum information that helps to reveal the cultural originality of the Russian language, representing the linguistic picture of the world. The dialectical nature of the features of the Russian national character is substantiated, which is reflected in the popular consciousness and traditional culture. This factor is not sufficiently reflected in the educational description of factual material in textbooks for universities and schools of secondary general education with Russian and other languages of instruction. Cultural knowledge as components of the Russian value system should be formed in the human mind and help supplement existing knowledge about the Russian language, national culture, Russian morality, which constitute the Russian value system, which generally contributes to the formation of such a stable concept as “Russian character”.