bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on Resilience. A Teacher’s Professional Learning Journey
Authors: Fokaidou Marianna , Loizidou Pavlina Hadjitheodoulou
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study is to describe and reflect on the route a teacher followed to implement an inquiry-basedprofessional learning cycle in her everyday practice and form a conceptual framework for teacher professionallearning on resilience. The teacher acted as a researcher and worked with a facilitator to explore the experience ofthree twelve-year-old migrant students with high learning performance in an urban school in Cyprus. Diverse aspectsconsidered as important determinants for their educational success and resiliency were explored through case studyresearch. The data were analysed and three main categories related to resilience were formed: emotional resistance,development of responsibility and sense of belonging. The main findings of the exploratory study were used as thecornerstone for school-based teacher professional learning focusing on methods, approaches and aspects that couldbe applied in order to strengthen all students and enhance positive impact on students’ achievement.
Religious Education and Societal Development: The Nigerian Context
Authors: Paul Okwuchukwu Azuakor
Published: August 2019

The present writer is drawn to write on this topic based on the realization that the Nigerian society seems to be onethat is bereft of the practicalisation of the ideal standards of virtues. There is apparent lack of objective measures ofrightness and wrongness of actions, especially in the present dispensation, irrespective of the so much toutedreligiosity of Nigerians. A particular action is regarded (by implication and praxis) as right when performed bypersons of a particular religion, tribe and party affiliation, but as an abomination when performed by some otherpersons. This beats one’s imagination to the core, especially given the fact that the religio-tribal considerationsappear to be the major driving force. This paper is therefore interested in the contents of the religious education ofthe various major religious types and how these contents that are imbibed by their adherents aid or mar thedevelopment of the Nigerian society. It was discovered, through personal observations and through the tools ofanalytical and deductive reasoning via library research methodology, that certain aspects of certain religiousteachings have great positive impact on societal cohesion which leads to development in the Nigerian society whilesome others rather sow the seed of discord, injustice, hate and rancor that have led to killings, oppressions andupsurges that have characterized the Nigerian social space for decades on end and have drastically militated againstsocial development of Nigeria. Recommendations include: religious education must consider the virtue of justice, itmust adhere to the demands of rationality, it must be universalizable and not myopic, it must be dynamic, and it mustbe morally honest and must proceed from right conscience rather than a sick conscience.
Geotechnical aspects of the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake
Authors: Cubrinovski Misko , Bradley Brendon , Wotherspoon Liam , Green Russell , Bray Jonathan , Wood Clint , Pender Michael , Allen John , Bradshaw Aaron , Rix Glenn , Taylor Merrick , Robinson Kelly , Henderson Duncan , Giorgini Simona , Ma Kun , Winkley Anna , Zupan Josh , O’Rourke Thomas , DePascale Greg , Wells Donnald
Published: August 2019

The 22 February 2011, Mw6.2-6.3 Christchurch earthquake is the most costly earthquake to affect New Zealand, causing 181 fatalities and severely damaging thousands of residential and commercial buildings, and most of the city lifelines and infrastructure. This manuscript presents an overview of observed geotechnical aspects of this earthquake as well as some of the completed and on-going research investigations. A unique aspect, which is particularly emphasized, is the severity and spatial extent of liquefaction occurring in native soils. Overall, both the spatial extent and severity of liquefaction in the city was greater than in the preceding 4th September 2010 Darfield earthquake, including numerous areas that liquefied in both events. Liquefaction and lateral spreading, variable over both large and short spatial scales, affected commercial structures in the Central Business District (CBD) in a variety of ways including: total and differential settlements and tilting; punching settlements of structures with shallow foundations; differential movements of components of complex structures; and interaction of adjacent structures via common foundation soils. Liquefaction was most severe in residential areas located to the east of the CBD as a result of stronger ground shaking due to the proximity to the causative fault, a high water table approximately 1m from the surface, and soils with composition and states of high susceptibility and potential for liquefaction. Total and differential settlements, and lateral movements, due to liquefaction and lateral spreading is estimated to have severely compromised 15,000 residential structures, the majority of which otherwise sustained only minor to moderate damage directly due to inertial loading from ground shaking. Liquefaction also had a profound effect on lifelines and other infrastructure, particularly bridge structures, and underground services. Minor damage was also observed at flood stop banks to the north of the city, which were more severely impacted in the 4th September 2010 Darfield earthquake. Due to the large high-frequency ground motion in the Port hills numerous rock falls and landslides also occurred, resulting in several fatalities and rendering some residential areas uninhabitable.
Performance of steel storage racks in the Darfield earthquake
Authors: Connor Ian
Published: August 2019

The author inspected 18 racking installations at various food storage facilities in Christchurch for damage from the 4th September 2010 Darfield Earthquake. The type of racking installations and damage suffered are listed with some photographs of specific damage. The damage ranged from minor to complete collapse with large product loss. Although inspection access was limited, the collapse mechanism for racking installations is assessed and suggested. The damage inspected indicated some variation in the application of design approaches and potential areas where the behaviour of rack structures may not have been fully understood during design. General conclusions are drawn from the damage inspections, and suggestions offered for the refinement and improvement of racking design approaches.
Damage states and cyclic behaviour of drywalls infilled within RC frames
Authors: Tasligedik A.S. , Pampanin S. , Palermo A.
Published: August 2019

Drywalls are the typical infill or partitions used in new structures. They are usually located within structural frames and/or between upper and lower floor slabs in buildings. Due to the materials used in their construction, unlike masonry blocks, they can be considered as light non-structural infill/partition walls. These types of walls are especially popular in New Zealand and the USA. In spite of their popularity, little is known about their in-plane cyclic behaviour when infilled within a structural frame. The cause of this lack of knowledge can be attributed to the typical assumption that they are weak non-structural elements and are not expected to interact with the surrounding structural system significantly. However, recent earthquakes have repeatedly shown that drywalls interact with the structure and suffer severe damage at very low drift levels. In this paper, experimental test results of two typical drywall types (steel and timber framed) are reported in order to gather further information on; i) their reverse cyclic behaviour, ii) inter-storey drift levels at which they suffer different levels of damage, iii) the level of interaction with the surrounding structural frame system. The drywall specimens were tested using quasi-static reverse cyclic testing protocols within a full scale precast RC frame at the Structures Laboratory of the University of Canterbury.
Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) and seismic damage resistant technology
Authors: Palermo Alessandro , Mashal Mustafa
Published: August 2019

Although New Zealand bridges performed well structurally during recent Canterbury earthquakes, some critical arterial routes lost their functionality. Life Safety is still our primary objective but nowadays we are moving towards new societal needs which also, at minimum, aim to limit business disruption. Building designers are already moving towards low-damage system technology for both structural and non-structural components. Bridge engineers have to inherit those enhanced concepts and technologies. In fact, in order to protect the economy and save lives, it is vital that bridges remain drivable after a natural disaster, such as an earthquake. More importantly asset managers and networks’ owners want rapid response, design flexibility, quick construction and limited maintenance costs. This should be possible to be achieved by contractors and designers with limited budgets. In very populated urban centres or a critical network location and moderate-to-high seismicity an Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) technology which combines durable materials and low-damage technology, seems to be the only viable solution to minimize traffic disruption during the bridge life. The American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) started in 2002 a long-term strategic bridge plan which aims to cover all these issues. Similar research strategy was initiated in Japan, Taiwan and Europe which is slowly going towards adaptation of ABC as a standard bridge practice. The question would be what is New Zealand vision for the next twenty-thirty years? This paper aims to overview the current international trends and challenges and gives innovative concepts which can be contextualized for New Zealand bridges.
Preliminary observations from biaxial testing of a two-storey, two-by-one bay, reinforced concrete slotted beam superassembly
Authors: Muir C.A. , Bull D.K. , Pampanin S.
Published: August 2019

Displacement incompatibility between reinforced concrete moment frames and precast flooring systems has been shown experimentally, and in historical earthquakes, to be an area of concern. Plastic hinge formation necessitates beam damage and the resulting elongation of the beam reduces the seating length of the floor, exacerbates the floor damage and induces unanticipated force distributions in the system. In severe cases this can lead to collapse. The slotted beam is a detail that protects the integrity of the floor diaphragm, respects the hierarchy of strengths intended by the designer and sustains less damage. The detail provides the same ductility and moment resistance as traditional details, whilst exhibiting improved structural performance. This is achieved with only a subtle change in the detailing and no increase in build cost. This paper briefly presents the development of the slotted beam in reinforced concrete. The design and construction of a large scale reinforced concrete slotted beam superassembly is described. The experimental method used to undertake biaxial quasi-static testing is introduced. Preliminary observations from the experiment are presented. It is shown that the reinforced concrete slotted beam is a viable replacement for the traditional monolithic detail. Extremely promising structural performance and significantly reduced damage compared to monolithic reinforced concrete details is presented.
Performance of Reinforced Earth® bridge abutment walls in the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes
Authors: Wood John H. , Asbey-Palmer Donald E.
Published: August 2019

Reinforced Earth bridge abutment walls were subjected to strong ground shaking in one or more of the earthquakes in the Canterbury earthquake sequence of September 2010 to December 2011. Although the walls at three sites were subjected to ground motions of intensity greater than the design level none of the walls were damaged by the earthquakes. The paper describes the earthquake design procedure used for the Reinforced Earth abutment walls and back-analyses carried out after the earthquakes to investigate their performance. Calculations based on probable material strengths rather than the dependable design values, and assuming no strip corrosion, gave critical accelerations to initiate sliding movements of the walls that were about 20% greater than predictions based on the design parameters. No significant outward movements of the walls were observed following the earthquakes. This was consistent with the predicted critical acceleration levels for the walls in their condition at the time of the earthquakes.
The Belt and Road Policy and Traditional Chinese Culture
Authors: Zheng Wei , Feng Qing-Xiang
Published: August 2019

Since the 18th CPC national congress, the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered into a new era. In the new context of development, Chinese President Xi Jinping has put forward the Belt and Road Policy. The Belt and Road Policy is not only a major decision for China to promote regional economic integration and international economic and trade exchanges, but also a project to spread traditional Chinese culture. The Belt and Road Policy initiative bears the mission of spreading the Chinese civilization and building a community with a shared future for humanity. It attempts to provide a set of Chinese solutions to the bottleneck of global development and demonstrates the cultural confidence of the CPC.
Interpreting Chinese Culture-Loaded Sayings: A Case Study of Press Conference of Two Sessions
Authors: Wu Jin
Published: August 2019

As an indispensable means to elaborate on China’s development momentum and to set up global image, interpretation of press conference for Two Sessions presents the study essence of international publicity translation and the key problems lie in the culture-loaded expression translation. In light of the Functional Linguistics and Functionalist translation theory, the top-down hierarchic problem-solving approach is adopted for the original analysis. The target-oriented perspective aims at acquiring adequate version instead of equivalence between the source and target. The past decade example extractions cover the interpretation of the four-character set phrases, colloquial expressions, quotations and proverbs. Nine frequently-used interpretation types are concluded and analyzed in terms of the intended function and addressees’ reception environment by comparing the source and target cultures. Statistic results show that the compatibility between the two cultures may account for, to some extent, the method selection for interpreting practice in question. The more compatible of the relationship between the two cultures, the more tendency of preserving the original cultural image, and the more literal forms will be employed. And the larger the cultural distance, the more adjustments and adaptions would be adopted. With due consideration of the intentional function and addressees’ background, the versions may be readily accepted.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language and Literature Studies, Vol. 9, No. 3
Authors: Ding Alice
Published: August 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language and Literature Studies, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2019.
Supply Chain Management Model in Digital Quality Assurance for ASEAN University Network Quality Assurance (AUN-QA)
Authors: Kaewngam Attiyaporn , Chatwattana Pinanta , Piriyasurawong Pallop
Published: August 2019

This research aims were to (1) design the supply chain management model in digital quality assurance for ASEAN quality assurance network (AUN-QA), and (2) assess the suitability of the supply chain management model. The sample group consisted of five experts in the field of information technology and communication for education and quality assurance of the ASEAN university network. Data analysis was the average mean and standard deviation. The research was found that (1) supply chain management model consists of six components: 1) Applicant, 2) University, 3) Graduate, 4) Employers, 5) Satisfaction, and 6) Feedback. (2) The results from experts agreement of the supply chain management model was a high level. It showed that the supply chain management model could be used to develop digital quality assurance for AUN-QA.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2
Authors: Sun Barbara
Published: August 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 11, No. 3
Authors: Sun Barbara
Published: August 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Psychological Studies, Vol. 11, No. 3
Public Expectations from Political Office Holders on Good Governance in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu M. Kolawole , Ikedinma Hope Amoge , Livinus Nwaugha , Olanrewaju Salaam Rasak
Published: August 2019

This study examines the expectations of the electorates from political office holders, using Oyo state as a case study. It also finds out how feasible the expectations are, and if political office holders are able to meet such expectations. The study equally examines the factors that aid and prevent such expectations from being met and discusses the impact of the expectations on good governance in the study area. Primary data was sourced with a self structured questionnaire administered on 150 respondents drawn from electorates, public officials/elected officials and civil society organizations across the 33 local government areas of Oyo State, analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS) and interpreted in percentages and frequency distribution. The secondary data was sourced from books, journals, newspapers publications and internet materials, and content analyzed. The study revealed that people have varied expectations but same on medical facilities, poverty alleviation, security of lives and property, education and economic development. The study also revealed that political office holders are aware of the expectations of the people through the mass media, social media and direct contact but do not meet them. The study found that adequate fund and manpower are key factors that help political office holders to meet up with the expectations and that lack of funds; inadequate manpower, corruption, and influence of political godfathers are hindrances to meeting up with the expectations of the electorates. It also found that public expectations have impact on good governance and that the impact is a positive one.
Legal Protection for Creditors in Money Loans Agreement Lending with Constitutional Court's Decision No. 69 / PUU-XIII / 2015
Authors: Hendrawan Daniel , Andersen Christian , Tjasa Theodora Novia
Published: August 2019

In Indonesia, the Marriage Agreement has long been valid and regulated in the legislation in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. Marriage Agreement regulates marriage property. In Article 29 paragraph (1) Law Number 1 Year 1974 concerning Marriage stipulates that marriage agreements must be made before the marriage takes place, but in 2015 the Constitutional Court issued Decision Number 69 / PUU-XIII / 2015 concerning changes to Article 29 paragraph (1), paragraph (3), and paragraph (4) of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage which states that the Marriage Agreement can be made before, at the time of, and after the marriage takes place. The Constitutional Court ruling raises questions from various parties about how the legal consequences of the Marriage Agreement made after the marriage took place and what legal protection can be given to third parties on the Marriage Agreement which was made after the marriage took place.

This study uses a normative juridical research method that is descriptive analytical based on the merging of primary, secondary and tertiary data acquisition. The results of this study indicate that the legal consequences of the Marriage Agreement made after the marriage took place will have legal consequences for the parties themselves, assets, and also for third parties. Legal protection that can be given to creditors is to pay attention to the element of good faith in each loan agreement making so that creditors will be protected by themselves, if one of the parties making the loan agreement has bad faith, the loan agreement will automatically be canceled law because it does not meet the objective requirements.

The author's hope for this research is that the government can provide further regulation regarding the Constitutional Court Decision Number 69 / PUU-XIII / 2015 so that the public gets legal certainty in the implementation of the Decision and for the community the writer recommends restraint in carrying out the Decision until the regulation further from the government. Finally, the authors hope that this research can benefit the world of legal development in Indonesia.
Security Measures and Liability Measures in Loan Agreements
Authors: Khabirov Artur Ilfarovich , Khamitova Gulnara Mullanurovna
Published: August 2019

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation regulates the use of various measures to protect violated rights and interests: first, these include universal methods for protecting civil rights (article 12 of the Civil Code); second, these include provisions of Chapter 25 of the Civil Code regarding the liability for violating one's obligations; both of them jointly comprising the institution of protection of civil rights. This article studies the issue of consequences for violating a party's duties under a loan agreement. The article differentiates safeguarding measures and liability measures to be used in case of an offense. The article also makes a conclusion regarding whether such differentiation is appropriate. Based on such differentiation, we analyze Paragraph 1 of Chapter 42 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Legal Culture, Legal Worldview, and Legal Awareness of Subjects in Philosophical and Culturological Discourse
Authors: Andreeva Olga A. , Mordovtsev Andrei Yu. , Shtompel Oleg M. , Timofeeva Alla A. , Shuaipov Magomedrasul M.
Published: August 2019

This article points out and addresses problematic issues related to the nature of the legal culture, legal worldview, and legal awareness of legal entities. Within the framework of the philosophical-legal and cultural discourse, the authors of the study reveal the existing “semantic layers” regarding the essence of legal culture, its structure and manifestations, as well as the determining influence on the content of the legal world outlook, methods (forms) and results of dissemination of legal information. The article involves theoretical and methodological aspects of studying the national legal culture and legal consciousness, developed by various representatives of the Russian classical legal and philosophical-legal schools (I.A. Iliin, N.S. Trubetskoi, N.N. Alekseev and others).
Dichotomy of Declarative and Real Regional Politics in Modern Russia
Authors: Kozlov Leonid E. , Volynchuk Andrei B.
Published: August 2019

The main subject of consideration in this article is the problem of regional policy implementation in modern Russia, which is studied on the example of the Russian Far East. The Russian experience of regional politics clearly traces the dichotomy of declarative and real regional politics. The dualism of declarative goals reflected in the public documents of regional policy and real goals naturally leads to the discrepancy between the planned and real results of regional policy. The causes and results of this phenomenon are analyzed in this article. The authors proceed from the fact that there may exist a course hidden from the public, which is not formalized in public documents and does not directly correlate with the acute problems of peripheral region development in any country actively pursuing regional policy. This approach can be applied to any large country where there is a noticeable difference between the goals and results of regional policy.
Digitization of Law: Some Problematic Aspects
Authors: Khamitovich Valeev Damir , Gaptraufovich Nuriev Anas
Published: August 2019

This article reveals the important practical importance of academic cooperation between legal doctrine and achievements of technical laboratories in terms of defining “points of growth” in questions of digitalization of law and development of legal tools aimed at regulating the technogenic factor on the one hand and legal support of “game-changing” results in a in the conditions of digital economy on the other hand. The important role of the transformation of social regulators, designed to regulate the “infrastructural” and “institutional” incorporation of “digital” technologies into the existing legal system, is noted. The current place of the Russian Federation on readiness for the digital economy is subject to, among other things, insufficient theoretical study as a result of the regulatory framework, which often does not act as a platform for growth, but rather contains many gaps - which have to be overcome at the expense of law enforcement practice. The article notes that the trend of “digitalization” of Russian law is closely linked to the need to maintain the ecosystem of the digital economy and to identify “growth points” and enforce their urgent character based on the state’s resource base, defines a positive agenda for “digitalization” of Russian law and raises a number of questions for the Russian science. It is concluded that one of the topical issues in the framework of the “digitalization” of Russian law is legal robotics, which is perceived as the automation of workflows, the existence of interrelated algorithms of actions aimed at generating a predictable result based on some initial simulated and prescribed situation and maximum robotization of legal processes. Using the example of the Kazan Federal University, which proclaimed the promotion of innovative development of the focus areas of the Russian Federation as one of its missions, the achievements obtained as a result of the interaction of legal doctrine and technical laboratories are revealed.
The Role of Private Law in the Regulation of Educational Relations
Authors: Kobchikova Elena Vasilievna , Makarov Timofey Grigorievich
Published: August 2019

In this article prepared by Kobchikova E.V. and Makarov T.G., the connection between private law with educational relations is considered; it is stated that educational relations are characterized by the presence of public and private components in them. The work gives a detailed description to civil relations in the sphere of education, explores the concept of educational service, and considers the place of an agreement for rendering paid educational services among other service agreements. The authors of the article note that this agreement, just like the majority of civil law contracts, is a bilaterally binding one, i.e., both parties (educational institution and student) are bound with mutual obligations. In accordance with the principles of private law regulations, educational relations are regulated by the parties to the agreement for rendering fee-based educational services, based on the legal equality of the parties. Thus, the subjects of educational relations may create rights and obligations for themselves, as well as to change and terminate them. The authors note that agreements in the sphere of professional education allow students developing independence in learning, thus letting them controlling their educational experience in accordance with their needs and interests. All this points to the significant role of private law in the regulation of educational relations.
About Prospects of Participation of Russia in the Convention on the International order of Alimony Recovering of 2007
Authors: Akhmetyanova Zamira Asrarovna , Nizamieva Olga Nikolaevna , Novikova Inna Igorevna
Published: August 2019

The article analyzes the prospects for the possible participation of the Russian Federation in the Convention on the International order of alimony recovering and Other Forms of Family Maintenance in 2007. Identified factors contributing to the ratification of the Convention, as well as circumstances that create certain difficulties. Among the first are: universality of the Convention; compliance of many provisions of the Convention with the norms of family, civil procedural legislation and legislation on enforcement proceedings of the Russian Federation; the existence of a real mechanism that facilitates the effective alimony recovering abroad, and thereby satisfies the vital needs of needy family members. Among the factors of a “restraining nature”, some differences were noted in the provisions of the Convention and Russian legislation regarding entities entitled to alimony. In addition, Russia's accession to the Convention may require a review of national legislation on the provision of free legal aid. However, the system of reservations and declarations of amendment or cancellation of the rules provided for in the Convention allows to mitigate the constraints. As a result, it was concluded that for the Russian Federation, ratification of this Convention will have a greater effect and will solve the problem of receiving alimony from abroad.
On the Essence of Authorities Provided by Russian Federation to Interstate Association
Authors: Khurmatullina Alsu Machmutovna , Malyi Aleksandr Fedorovich
Published: August 2019

The trend of interstate association development, which is actively spreading in the modern world, entails many questions that require explanation at the theoretical level. Increasingly, the issue of the state right constitutionality to participate in such associations began to be raised with the transfer of part of its authority to the associations. With the implementation of this right, the problem of preserving the sovereignty of the union state appears. These issues are considered in the article on the example of participation of the Russian Federation in the Eurasian Economic Union. In this regard, the article describes the conditions under which it is possible to transfer some part of state powers to the supranational level. Various doctrinal approaches to the study of the concept of “authority”, “the authority of the Russian Federation” are also given.

The use of such research methods as comparative legal, system-structural, formal-legal allowed the author to conclude that the transfer of part of the powers of the Russian Federation to the EAEU is constitutional and the legal nature of the interstate association itself.
Implementing a Person's Right to Privacy When Using Their Biometric Material
Authors: Khurmatullina Alsu Machmutovna , Sultanov Evgeniy Batyrovich , Amirova Rimma Rashitovna , Smirnova Olga Mikhailovna
Published: August 2019

The significance of regulating people's personal data in the context of implementing each person's right to privacy of personal life and family life becomes especially crucial for the purposes of ensuring biogenetical safety of people in Russia. This requires raising the issue of implementing the right to privacy in the context of the biotechnological revolution. The special legal significance of this issue in the Russian Federation is connected with the passing of such laws as the Law "On personal data" and the Law "On state genome registration in the Russian Federation".

This article analyzes the legal status of biometric personal data. We note the need for legal regulation of the protection of biometric information as confidential data.

The results of this research are based on using the following methods: universal dialectical method of scientific cognition, as well as general scientific methods based on it (description, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, analogy, generalization) and specific scientific methods (comparative law method, systematic structural method and formal law method).
The Doctrine’s Role in the Field of Legal Regulation of Public Relations: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Abdullin Adel , Gilmullin Ainur
Published: August 2019

The paper contains a comprehensive analysis of the legal doctrine’s role in the field of legal regulation of public relations arising in modern public law practice. The theoretical and legal features of the legal doctrine are revealed. In particular, conclusions are drawn confirming the arguments that the legal doctrine allows building clear guidelines for the practice of lawmaking, enforcement of the right, and especially law enforcement and that the doctrine acts as a scientifically based criterion for the legitimacy, rationality, and effectiveness of states. Special attention is paid to the historical aspects of the legal doctrine development which have significance and influence on the formation and development of international and domestic law.

Particular attention of the authors of the paper is drawn to the place and role of legal doctrine in international legal practice. The paper notes that the legal doctrine manifestation in the activities of modern states can be observed in such functions as prognostic, evaluation, regulatory, methodological, world outlook and ideological function. In addition, it is noted that the doctrine plays an important role in the activities of the UN International Court of Justice, where the doctrines of the most qualified specialists are often used in making decisions and drawing up advisory opinions; in the development of international treaties at international conferences and in international organizations, etc. Specific examples of the legal doctrine manifestations in the activities of the ECHR are given.
Social and Legal Technologies in the System of Legal Policy
Authors: Voronin Maxim Valerevich , Przhilenskiy Igor Vladimirovich
Published: August 2019

The article considers the problem of implementing of legal policy as a social technology. The authors compare the concepts of social and legal technology as a set of elements in achieving the goal, and also consider systematicity as the main property of these technologies. The systematic approach is presented both at the decision-making level and at the stages of its legislative execution and practical application in the process of implementing of legal norms.

The implementation of legal policy led to the dynamics of legislative changes in recent years. Various state institutions have been reformed and actually reorganized to work on the basis of new principles. Moreover, the reforms of recent years are determined not only and not so much by objective ideological transformations associated with the transition to democracy, the implementation of international law, but also by a change in the technological paradigm of management and implementation of political processes. The actions of the executive and legislative branches, as well as the entire process of legal proceedings in courts of various levels, are considered in the article as unique social technologies, all of which are systemic in nature. The authors conclude that the consistency of power, social and legal technologies serves as a vehicle for political legal strategy, and also allows you to express the functionality of the main legal institutions.
The Nature of the Political Interaction between Israel and Saudi Arabia in the 21st Century
Authors: Penkovtsev Roman Vladimirovich , Gafurov Timur Vasilevich , Shibanova Natalia Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2019

This paper considers the issue of interaction between two states, which are largely political antagonists: Israel and Saudi Arabia. The nature of the interaction between these states on the world political arena is of serious scientific and practical interest. Contrary to popular stereotypes, Israel maintains relations with many countries of the Arab world, and Saudi Arabia is no exception. It should be noted that a certain rapprochement of positions between these states occurred due to the activation on the geopolitical map of the Middle East of such an actor as Iran, which in the 21st century energetically implements its nuclear program, accelerates economic development programs, and is generally focused on strengthening its role and places in the international arena. The US position represented by the administrations of B. Obama and D. Trump influenced to a large extent the process of intensifying interaction between Israel and Saudi Arabia, which stimulated the rapprochement of the positions of these two states on the “Syrian” and “Iranian” problems. In addition, it is worth paying attention to the establishment of similar positions between Israel and Saudi Arabia on the "Palestinian issue. "
French Policy in the Sphere of Tourism
Authors: Kolupaeva Ekaterina Vladislavovna , Galimzyanova Liliya Rifhatovna
Published: August 2019

In this paper we present the current situation of France in the field of tourism and describe the main state organizations that carry on business in the sphere of tourism development in the French Republic. We also give examples of the main events delivered by these institutions for the sustainable development of the tourism industry in France. Today in France there are several state structural units that are full of vitality in this direction. Of these, the following departments and organizations were considered: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development; Ministry of Commerce and Finance; Interagency Committee on Tourism, Tourism Promotion Council, Atout France, etc.

Thanks to the active work carried out at the state level, France today holds one of the leading positions among the countries to be most frequently visited by tourists. Moreover, the results of this smart policy are the annual income from the development of the tourism industry in France, which, in turn, significantly affects the economic welfare of the country.

Thus, a carefully thought-out state policy in the field of tourism has a favorable effect on the socio-economic condition of the country as a whole.
Agreements Signed by Korea in the XIX Century
Authors: Karamova Yuliya Yurisovna , Alikberova Alfiya Rafisovna
Published: August 2019

As a result of the relaxation of the self-isolation policy of the Korean state, the Ganghwa treaty with Japan was signed in 1876. In the same year, the "Rules for trade" and the "Additional articles for the 1876 Treaty" were signed as well, which gave Japanese citizens exterritoriality, opened ports for trade with Japan, allowed them to rent land and more. The American-Korean treaty of peace, friendship, trade and navigation of 1882, the British-Korean (1883), German-Korean (1883), French-Korean (1886) and Russian-Korean (1884) treaties were signed as well, all with similar provisions. When signing agreements with the Korean state, Western countries such as Germany, USA, England etc. applied to China for a letter of recommendation. However, Russia followed a different strategy. Russian diplomat K. I. Veber, authorized to negotiate with the Korean government and sign the Russian-Korean treaty, negotiated directly with King Gojong. South Korean historiographers have different opinions regarding the above treaties signed by Korea with the Western powers.
Analysis of the Jurisdiction of the Courts of First Instance of Turkey
Authors: Zainashev Ravil R. , Gilmanov Idris M. , Gilmanov Muhamat M.
Published: August 2019

The article presents three periods from the history of the legal system of Turkey, the knowledge of which will allow for objective scientific research. Indeed, each period has contributed to the development of the judicial system. Of particular importance will be the attitude of the legislator to the justice of the peace in criminal matters with a maximum sentence of up to 1 year in prison. The latter since 2014 were abolished and their load was redistributed to a higher authority. France did likewise, which also rejected justice of the peace.

In addition, this study addresses the issues of the accelerated process, which was either introduced or canceled. In Russia, a simplified legal procedure has been successfully applied. Most European countries apply simplified the legal procedure to criminal offenses for which the maximum sanction of punishment is up to five years in prison. In Turkey, a simplified legal procedure was applied to criminal offenses with a maximum sentence of up to 2 years in prison. Despite a small sanction and tendencies in other countries to introduce simplified procedures, the Turkish legislator refused this practice.
Information Support of Youth Policy as a Factor of Formation of the Social Capital and Political Attitudes of the Young Generation
Authors: Morozova Galina Viktorovna , Gavrilov Artur Romanovich , Yakupov Bulat Ildarovich
Published: August 2019

If we sum up the tasks facing the Russian state in relation to the young generation, then all of them are associated with its harmonious inclusion in the social and political development of the country. At the normative level, the current need is declared for young people to form active citizenship and democratic political culture, which is possible only in a constant and equal dialogue between the authorities and young people. Ensuring the interaction of the younger generation with the political elite presupposes the existence of certain conditions - the creation and effective functioning of the information infrastructure of youth policy, as well as the conduct of an open active information policy.

The article describes the results of a study of the political status of students of the capital of Tatarstan - Kazan, in particular, such parameters as youth interest in political information, trust in the sources of this information, and political participation. Together with the data of secondary studies, this made it possible to characterize the youth sector of political communication, identify the existing difficulties in the interaction of the government and youth, in particular, identify some difficulties in receiving and disseminating political information among the youth, which impede the development of a democratic political culture and the accumulation of social capital of the young generation.
The Traditional State as a Specific Form of Political Organization
Authors: Liubashits Valentin Ya. , Razuvaev Nikolai V. , Fedorova Natalia V. , Trigub Georgii Ia. , Soloviev Oleg V.
Published: August 2019

The article analyzes the traditional state as a historical, political, legal, and cultural phenomenon that has had a fundamental impact on the transformation of the socio-political organization of society, on the legal and socio-cultural development of modern social systems. The authors argue that the traditional state should be characterized as a specific form of the political, legal, social, and cultural organization since it contains all the institutions that provide for the management of various processes in society, and has the operating forms and mechanism of its preservation and reproduction. In addition, the work shows that the traditional state forms special legal regimes, as well as forms of socio-political integrity. The authors prove that the specificity of the traditional state as a historical type has manifested in a whole series of system characteristics (functions, structure, and forms) incomparable in full with the organizational features of other historical types of states, primarily the modern state.
Armed On-board Protection of Dutch Vessels: Not Allowed Yet But Probably Forthcoming
Authors: Mevis Paul , Eckhardt Sari
Published: August 2019

Armed On-board Protection of Dutch Vessels: Not Allowed Yet But Probably Forthcoming

This article provides an overview of the developments about the armed on-board protection of Dutch vessels under Dutch law. The Dutch position has changed over the years. In 2011, the starting point was that private security companies (PSCs) are not to be allowed. It was expected that adequate protection of Dutch vessels could be provided by vessel protection detachments (VPDs). Although not considered as an absolute statutory bar, the state monopoly on force was considered the main argument against PSCs. After optimising the use of VPDs and given the development in other countries, the approach changed into a ‘VPS, unless …’-approach. Under the new Protection of Merchant Shipping Act that is expected to come into force in the second half of 2019, PSCs can be employed only if no VPS is available. This article gives an overview of the argumentation in this change of view over the years. It also explores the headlines, criteria and procedures of the new law and some other topics, including the position of the master under the upcoming law. In line with the other country reports, it enables the comparative study in the last article of this special issue.
Evaluation of septas in maxillary sinus with cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Laçin Nihat , İzol Bozan Serhat
Published: August 2019

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa (MSS) in a Turkish population, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).  

Methodology: The CBCT images of 350 untreated patients (178 male, 172 female ranging in age between 18 and 65) were included in this study. The presence or absence of MSS was determined in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes by considering gender and side. For statistical evaluation, a chi‐square test was used to determine any differences in the prevalence of MSS with significance set at 5%. 

Results: MSSs were observed in 201 out of 700 sides (28.71%) and 141 out of 350 patients (40.28%), of which, 70 were in males and 71 in females. MSS were also observed in a higher prevalence on the bilateral side. (17.14%). Female patients showed higher prevalence (41.27%) than the male patients (39.32%).

Conclusion: MSS was observed in 40.28% of examined Turkish subjects and detected more frequently in females and on the bilateral side.

 

How to cite this article: Laçin N, İzol BS. Evaluation of septas in maxillary sinus with cone-beam computed tomography. Int Dent Res 2019;9(2):41-5.

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Analysis of whether or not the alveolar palatine bone thickness of the central incisors is sufficient for implants of 3 mm and 3.5 mm thickness using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Üner Devrim Deniz , İzol Bozan Serhat
Published: August 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the alveloar palatine bone thickness of the maxillary central incisors using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Material and Methods: This study used the CBCT images of 480 patients (240 male – 240 female). In order to determine bone thickness, measurements were made on the program perpendicularly to the long axis of the tooth at 3 points selected from the 3, 6 and 9 mm apical or the enamel-cement border in parallel to the long axis of the central teeth.

Results: For the left central teeth, the mean palatine bone thickness was found for the coronal, medial and apical regions as 1.48 mm, 3.09 mm and 5.13 mm, respectively, while these values were respectively 1.35 mm, 2.95 mm and 5.10 mm for the right side.

Conclusion: Considering that there should be a bone of at least 1 mm thickness on socket walls for immediate implantation, it was determined that palatine bone thickness is not sufficient by itself for immediate implantation. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the palatine alveloar bone thickness that was observed in women was thinner than that in men.

 

How to cite this article: Üner DD, İzol BS. Analysis of whether or not the alveloar palatine bone thickness of the central incisors is sufficient for implants of 3 mm and 3.5 mm thickness using cone-beam computed tomography. Int Dent Res 2019;9(2):51-7.

 

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.