bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of competing plants under plant-soil feedback
Authors: Senthilnathan Athmanathan , D'Andrea Rafael
Published: September 2023

Plant-soil feedback (PSF), the reciprocal interaction between plants and
their soil environment, is a fundamental ecological process that
influences coexistence and functional structure in plant communities.
Current theory establishes that PSF may enhance diversity or lead to
exclusion depending on whether soil conditioning disproportionately
benefits heterospecific or conspecific individuals. However, a more
complete picture of the impact of PSF requires understanding how PSF
synergizes with competition. To that end, here we propose an integrated
mathematical model combining trait-based competition and soil-explicit
PSF. Contrary to the current paradigm, we find that soil conditioning
that disproportionately favors conspecific individuals can cause
coexistence. Additionally, we show that priority effects are common when
soil-conditioning species differ in their edaphic preferences. These
effects can allow species with large differences in competitive ability
to coexist under certain soil conditions. Our results provide testable
predictions tying community-level functional patterns in plant
communities to PSF and competition.
Cool roofs could be most effective at reducing outdoor urban temperatures in London compared with other roof top and vegetation interventions: a mesoscale urban climate modelling study
Authors: Brousse Oscar , Simpson Charles H. , Zonato Andrea , Martilli Alberto , Taylor Jonathon , Davies Michael , Heaviside Clare
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive studies comparing impacts of building and street levels
interventions on air temperature at metropolitan scales are still
lacking despite increased urban heat-related mortality and morbidity. We
therefore model the impact of 9 interventions on air temperatures at 2 m
during 2 hot days from the summer 2018 in the Greater London Authority
area using the WRF BEP-BEM climate model. We find that on average cool
roofs most effectively reduce temperatures (~ -1.2°C),
outperforming green roofs (~ 0°C), solar panels
(~ -0.3°C) and street level vegetation
(~ -0.3°C). Application of air conditioning across
London increase air temperatures by ~ +0.15°C but
related energetic consumption could be covered by energy production from
solar panels. Current realistic deployments of green roofs and solar
panels are ineffective at large scale reduction of temperatures. We
provide a detailed decomposition of the surface energy balance to
explain changes in air temperature and guide future decision-making.
Cost of Illiquidity: Marketability and Liquidity Discounts in a Margrabe Exchange Option Framework
Authors: Abbott Ashok Bhardwaj
Published: September 2023

Market declines of 2008–2009 and 2022–2023 brought renewed attention to the issue of illiquidity and the attendant costs faced by the stockholders. Margrabe exchange option-based models have been employed widely for estimating the cost of illiquidity (price risk). These models estimate the exchange ratio for two assets where the future price of both assets is unknown. Treating one of the assets as a numeraire, or currency in which the other asset is priced, simplifies the model and makes it easily tractable. Some authors have ignored this distinction, leading to inflated estimates for illiquidity discounts (sometimes exceeding 100 percent, a logical fallacy). In this paper, I present a uniform framework (the Margrabe exchange option) comparing the estimated cost of illiquidity under different information asymmetry assumptions. Empirical results presented are consistent with the theoretical predictions in that the expected rank order for estimated costs under different formulations is preserved.

JEL Classifications: C52; D47; D82; G13; K22.
Identification of solidification cracking using multiple sensors and deep learning in laser overlap welded Al 6000 alloy
Authors: Shin Jeonghun , Kang Sanghoon , Kim Cheolhee , Hong Sukjoon , Kang Minjung
Published: September 2023

Solidification cracking, one of the most critical weld defects in laser welding of Al 6000 alloys, occurs at the final stage of solidification owing to shrinkage of the weld metal and deteriorates the joint strength and integrity. The filler metal can control the chemical composition of the weld metal, which mitigates solidification cracking. However, the chemical composition is difficult to control in autogenous laser welding. Temporal and spatial laser beam modulations have been introduced to control solidification cracking in autogenous laser welding because weld morphology is one of the factors that influences the initiation and propagation of solidification cracking. Solidification cracks generate thermal discontinuities and visual flaws on the bead surface. In this study, a high-speed infrared camera and a coaxial charge-coupled device camera with an auxiliary illumination laser (808 nm) were employed to identify solidification cracking during laser welding. Deep learning models, developed using two sensor images of a solidified bead, provided location-wise crack formation information. The multisensor-based convolutional neural network models achieved an impressive accuracy of 99.31% in predicting the crack locations. Thus, applying deep learning models expands the capability of predicting solidification cracking, including previously undetectable internal cracks.
Reflexões sobre a inovação orientada para a sustentabilidade nos serviços de saúde
Authors: Froehlich Cristiane , Oliveira Marisol Silveira de , Nodari Cristine Hermann
Published: September 2023

O objetivo do estudo consiste em uma reflexão teórica sobre como a inovação orientada para a sustentabilidade (IOS) pode ser desenvolvida no contexto dos serviços de saúde. O formato do trabalho é um ensaio teórico baseado em pesquisa em periódicos que compõem a base de dados Scopus, utilizando os filtros Negócios, Gestão e Contabilidade. Dentre as contribuições do estudo, podemos citar a identificação dos fatores relacionados à adoção da IOS no contexto da saúde, destacando os principais e necessários aspectos para o desenvolvimento do SOI neste segmento. Pode-se propor um esquema conceitual de SOI, demonstrando que o caminho para se tornar uma organização sustentável passa pela articulação de processos de forma estratégica, o que envolve a necessidade de adotar um modelo de negócio sustentável que coloque a geração de valor da organização por meio do IOS.
Social innovation in waste management in residential buildings
Authors: Aligleri Lilian , Santos Doubek Lopes Camila , Lourenço Rodrigues Caio Victor , Pereira de Sampaio Cláudio
Published: September 2023

A large number of Brazilian municipalities still need to develop models and arrangements that enhance the disposal and proper destination of materials, especially in homes at large residential buildings that increasingly occupy the metropolises and the urban landscape.  Thus, from the theoretical perspective of social innovation, this paper presents a proposal for structuring multi-selective waste collection for residential condominiums that include the design of a multi-selective waste segregation system in the form of a Center, an environmental education program to stimulate new behaviors and separation habits of residents, and the structuring of new channels for the disposal of sorted materials. The construction of the model took place collaboratively, in a multi-stakeholder approach, including researchers from various areas of knowledge, cooperatives of waste pickers, and representatives of business associations constituted to fulfill the reverse logistics of materials, managers, and residents of residential condominiums. The social innovation presented proposes new dynamics and structures to improve logistics efficiency and the recovery of the economic value of the material, as well as the ability for the action of society and the socio-productive inclusion of waste pickers.
On the Essence of the Soul I
Authors: Kalligas Paul , Koutras Nickolaos
Published: September 2023

This chapter highlights Plotinus' first attempt to discuss the theme of the soul that occurs in his treatise “On the Immortality of the Soul” (IV 7 [2]), where all the broader, fundamental characteristics pertaining to its nature were laid down. It looks at the question of the nature of the soul, specifying its precise place in Plotinus' ontological system by clarifying its mode of being and direct import of its position in the ontological hierarchy. It also describes the composition of the soul that is included in the psychogony of the Timaeus. The chapter explores the cosmic Soul that is portrayed to compose constituents that are the intermediate between an indivisible and a divisible entity. It establishes that the way in which the soul is present in the body is radically different from that of a simple accidental attribute.
On the Descent of the Soul into Bodies
Authors: Kalligas Paul , Koutras Nickolaos
Published: September 2023

This chapter talks about the descent of individual souls from their heavenly natural habitat, which was considered one of the best-known themes in the history of Platonism. It points out how the theme of the descent of the soul assumed the form of variations on the interpretation of the relevant passage from the Phaedrus myth. It also cites Iamblichus's De anima, which provides a doxographical overview of relevant views on employing the image of “descent.” The chapter highlights Macrobius' Commentarium in Somnium Scipionis, which implies that the souls pass through two “solar gates” in the heavens. It explains how something divine in nature and akin to the intelligible beings can descend into the realm of materiality and come into any kind of contact with it.
If All Souls Are One
Authors: Kalligas Paul , Koutras Nickolaos
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines Plotinus' early treatise “If All Souls Are One,” which represents his first systematic attempt to tackle a problem that had been plaguing Platonism since its inception. It addresses the question of how the souls that constitute a unity simultaneously retain their individuality as independent supra-sensible substances, even during the disembodied stage of their existence. It also highlights the conviction that the essential unity that connects all souls to one another forms the basis for the emergence of a multitude of phenomena that characterize psychical life. The chapter details how unity suggests that all souls represent the same “mode of being,” that they together constitute a unitary ontological hypostasis. It looks at Plato's Timaeus and its psychogony that hint that both the cosmic Soul and individual souls are fashioned by the Demiurge out of the same mixture of ingredients.
On the Origin and Order of the Beings
Authors: Kalligas Paul , Koutras Nickolaos
Published: September 2023

This chapter reviews the notorious question of how a principle that is unitary can give rise to the boundless variety of the lower hypostases and to the boundless variety of the psychical world. It elucidates certain aspects of the issue on principle that are crucial in rendering more palpable and comprehending the dynamic nature of Plotinus' ontological system. It also introduces hypostases that were understood as successive stages of an unceasing procession that constitute a unitary and cohesive vital current that endlessly feeds all ontological levels. The chapter attempts to gain a comprehensive view of all the gradients of the ontological system, which is one of the most characteristic themes in Plotinus' philosophy. It emphasizes the mobility and dynamism that hold together the hypostases, regarding them as making up a unitary manifestation of the inexhaustible dynamism of the first principle of all things.
On the Knowing Hypostases and
Authors: Kalligas Paul , Koutras Nickolaos
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the question of self-knowledge that occupied ancient Greek thought since its inception as it was amply attested by the celebrated Delphic injunction “know thyself.” It considers self-knowledge as a moral incitement to become aware of the existence of specific limitations in the abilities mortals possess and the concomitant need that each must adjust pursuits and ambitions to the measure imposed by limitations. It also describes self-knowledge as an epistemological demand to reveal and comprehend the individual's deeper nature and cognitive abilities. The chapter focuses on specific stages of the evolutionary course that appears more likely to have shaped Plotinus' ideas on the matter of self-knowledge. It cites Alcibiades, 127e9–130d6, which highlights the discussion of self-knowledge on the nature of the knowing subject and the conclusion that it is nothing other than the soul.
On Intellect, the Forms, and Being
Authors: Kalligas Paul , Koutras Nickolaos
Published: September 2023

This chapter analyzes the treatise that represents Plontinus' earliest attempt to introduce his theory on the Intellect. It focuses on the epistemological aspect of Intellect, without going into details on ontological matters such as the derivation of Intellect from a source that is superior to it. It also addresses the questions on whether Intellect exists, whether it is separable, whether it is identical with Being, and in what manner are Forms present in intelligible Essence. The chapter details the Platonic condemnation of those who lead lives devoted to the senses, their actions guided solely by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. It describes a category of people that attempt to move toward higher values but are unable to perceive them clearly as they are materialists and fail to apprehend their supra-sensible nature.
“Throwing Themselves upon the Political Barricades”
Authors: Chowning Margaret
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the entry of Catholic women into national politics amidst mid-century petition campaigns. In Mexico, Catholic women's associations played important roles in the process by which women moved from encouraging local piety to entering national politics through active petitioning. The chapter details the importance of petitioning in colonial and nineteenth-century Mexico by referencing the major 1856 campaign. During the 1856 petition campaign, the church and the Catholic press permitted women to act politically without their husbands' permission, which then challenged the notion that husbands ruled their wives and that politics was inappropriate for women. The chapter considers the perspectives of liberals and conservatives concerning the role of women in family and politics.
Epilogue
Authors: Chowning Margaret
Published: September 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the militant and highly visible Catholic activism in the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s. It highlights the importance of religion in the development of cultural and political divides. Meanwhile, Catholic women had been politically aware and active since the late 1840s. For Catholic women in Mexico, the era of the Reform was the major turning point due to the state's commitment to a secular state, secular education, a secular regime of property ownership, and promoting secular culture. The chapter details the feminization of religion in Mexico in line with the emergence of Catholic women's political activism.
Introduction
Authors: Spence Sarah
Published: September 2023

This introductory chapter provides an overview of how the history and culture of Sicily join with the myth of Proserpina to help poets shape a narrative of Western empire, from Roman antiquity through the Middle Ages. The poets studied here draw on Cicero, either directly or indirectly. All are engaged in the process of debating the nature of effective government, whether it be the Roman Empire rising during the time of Vergil and Ovid, the changing empire in the time of Claudian, or the new vision of imperium Dante proposes in the Commedia. In every case, Sicily offers a setting for negotiating empire: it is as important that these texts take place on Sicily as it is that they bear only a passing resemblance to the Sicily of their day. At the same time, the myth of Proserpina not only remains identified with the island, but offers in its narrative a means for revising the very shape of empire.
Purgatorio , Etna, and the Empire of Love
Authors: Spence Sarah
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes how Dante's Purgatorio can be approached as a poem where interpretation and negotiation are skills that are gradually acquired in aid of progress toward an imperium of the future. As the central canticle in the Divina Commedia, this part of the poem focuses on those who have been saved but cannot immediately enter Paradiso. The mountain of Purgatory is composed of seven terraces, after ante-Purgatory, and the penitents find themselves on the terrace that corresponds to their greatest vice, in the process of redeeming themselves from their sin. Dante's progress up the mountain is marked by two complementary motivations: a force toward redemption and a force toward clarity through poetic echoing and citation. The chapter then considers the strong resonances between Dante's progress and the return of Proserpina.
Conclusion
Authors: Spence Sarah
Published: September 2023

This concluding chapter reviews the argument that Cicero's identification of Sicily as the province that defined empire marked it as a location for Latin discussions of empire. In medieval texts, Sicily becomes identified with the passage to the future through redemption but also with the recovery of a past, be it the imperium of Augustus in Dante's hands or the recovery of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. There the return of Proserpina renegotiates the relationship between the present and the past based on an interest in redeeming that past in the future, but always with the awareness of the violence that has led to that point. It offers a version of empire that through compromise neither ignores nor glorifies what preceded empire but, instead, turns to the past in the spirit of renegotiation. In the end, Sicily helps create empire by its resistance to it, while Proserpina stands as the embodiment both of the pre-imperial world and of the promise of a renegotiation that acknowledges her story in its entirety.
Violent Victors
Authors: Daly Sarah Zukerman
Published: September 2023

One of the great puzzles of electoral politics is how parties that commit mass atrocities in war often win the support of victimized populations to establish the postwar political order. This book traces how parties derived from violent, wartime belligerents successfully campaign as the best providers of future societal peace, attracting votes not just from their core supporters but oftentimes also from the very people they targeted in war. The book combines case studies of victim voters in Latin America with experimental survey evidence and new data on postwar elections around the world. It argues that, contrary to oft-cited fears, postconflict elections do not necessarily give rise to renewed instability or political violence. The book demonstrates how war-scarred citizens reward belligerent parties for promising peace and security instead of blaming them for war. Yet, in so casting their ballots, voters sacrifice justice, liberal democracy, and social welfare. Proposing actionable interventions that can help to moderate these trade-offs, the book links war outcomes with democratic outcomes to shed essential new light on political life after war and offers global perspectives on important questions about electoral behavior in the wake of mass violence.
Violent-Victors Theory of Political Behavior after War
Authors: Daly Sarah Zukerman
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents the theory of how war outcomes influence electoral performance through party strategies and voter behavior. It outlines how war-winning, and war-losing parties devise their respective programs and platforms, reckon with the violent past, build and target their constituencies, and retain and recruit or expel members of their elites. It also delineates how voters emerging from war evaluate parties' competencies and formulate their political attitudes and behavior. The chapter details how the outcome of the war shapes how parties reckon with the ghosts from their past, script their programs, construct their constituencies, select their candidates, and propagate their messages to own the salient security issue and garner votes after large-scale violence in war. It shows how the strategies of parties and voters emerging from civil war produce a generalizable pattern of votes for belligerent successor parties with significant implications for peace, democracy, justice, and governance.
Implications for Postwar Peace, Justice, Democracy, and Governance
Authors: Daly Sarah Zukerman
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the implications of elections of bloodstained parties for war recurrence, transitional justice, democracy, and governance. It reviews the new global data that reveal not only whether a conflict resumed but reinitiated the fighting. It also shows that postwar elections increase the chance of renewed war if there is an inversion or reversal of the military balance of power after war. The chapter uses the Civil War Successor Party cross-national dataset with information on amnesties and liberal democracy in an analysis that suggests the tragic trade-offs between peace and justice, and between peace and liberalism. It assesses an original database of 784 paramilitary mayors, based on over 42,000 pages of Colombian Supreme Court sentencing documents, to compare the administrations of paramilitary mayors who barely won with those who barely lost the elections along dimensions of security and public goods outcomes.
Conclusion
Authors: Daly Sarah Zukerman
Published: September 2023

This chapter specifies avenues for future research on political behavior and security, and beyond the temporal and geographic scope. It touches on the policy implications for practitioners aiming to prevent atrocities and to promote peace, liberalism, and human rights after violence. It also highlights how interventions aimed at buttressing the balance of power, reducing the urgency of security issues, bolstering nonbelligerent parties, and countering historical distortion may speed up the normalization of politics, dampening the perverse electoral potency of war outcomes, and amplifying opportunities for justice and democracy after war. The chapter reviews the elections that shaped postwar political order, wherein citizens tend to elect peace, but at a sacrifice of justice, liberalism, and social welfare. It emphasizes that it does not matter how much violence the perpetrators committed, nor whether they were associated with the government or with the rebels, incumbent or opposition, political right or political left.
Apostrophe, Animation, and Racism
Authors: Jackson Virginia
Published: September 2023

This chapter emphasizes apostrophe, the Romantic figure of address that has been so central to modern lyric theory, in the work of Plato's fellow American Romantics John Pierpont, Frederick Douglass, James Monroe Whitfield, and George Moses Horton. The chapter examines how apostrophe created fictions of both speaker and addressee. Such fictions may appear benign or even world-making, but in apostrophic poetic address (such as “Mneme, begin”), the absent, dead, or inanimate entity addressed is therefore made present, animate, and anthropomorphic. The chapter defines apostrophe as a form of ventriloquism through which the speaker throws voice, life, and human form into the addressee, turning its silence into mute responsiveness. For Black poets in the nineteenth century, such interpellation felt—for good reason—like erasure rather than expression. As Black poets wrote poems that foregrounded the hazards of interpellation that Romantic apostrophe posed, poems that often took the figure of apostrophe itself as their subject, the chapter underlines that they signified on the process of lyricization as it was unfolding, changing the direction of that process by making it metalyrical from the beginning.
Deep Time: A Counterhistory
Authors: Heringman Noah
Published: September 2023

This introductory chapter argues that the concept of deep time has many possible histories. By choosing the mid-eighteenth century as a starting point, the chapter aims to show how deep time became associated with earth history in the first place, expanding its conceptual domain to include colonial natural history, oral tradition, and scientific romance—all frontiers of the expanded time horizon associated with modernity. These mid-eighteenth-century accounts of structural relationships within the earth's material are indispensable for a construction of deep time that becomes associated with geology. Deep time is supposed to be the time of the other, the not-human, outside history. But as a way of imagining the cosmos, it has a history much older than geology and broader than the field of European ideas.
How Brokers Cultivate Clients
Authors: Auerbach Adam Michael , Thachil Tariq
Published: September 2023

This chapter surveys slum leaders across the study cities of Jaipur and Bhopal. The chapter reveals several striking facts about slum brokers in the study cities. First, slum brokers are ordinary residents of humble means who assume positions of leadership by virtue of their own efforts. Second, India's slum brokers represent a remarkable diversity of castes and religions. Third, the vast majority of slum brokers in the sample have a connection to a political party. Here, the chapter examines the self-reported political activities of the sampled slum brokers. Finally, the chapter shows that nearly eighty-eight percent of the slum brokers in the sample were men.
Introduction
Authors: mcnamee lachlan
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces the concept of colonialism. It starts with the process of Papua New Guniea gaining independence in 1975 after an inverted decolonization process. The term colonization is a phenomenon hard-wired into states and the resource needs of capitalism. Meanwhile, the identities of settler and indigene, or colonized and colonizer, are contextual and are based on one's relationship to power (the state). The chapter then considers how racial ideologies are malleable enough to be able to rationalize the interests and actions of those in power. It explains that constraining the space for colonization will ultimately result in economic development creating a demographic space for decolonization.
People
Authors: Wen Xin
Published: September 2023

This chapter paints a portrait of the people who, according to the Dunhuang documents, traveled long distances for the state. It shows that, instead of a small coterie of trained bureaucrats, envoys traveling through Dunhuang included Buddhist monks and laypeople, kings and slaves, men and women, and people of diverse (Han Chinese, Tibetan, Sogdian, Uyghur, and Khotanese) cultural backgrounds. The chapter argues that they almost never journeyed alone, but banded into diplomatic missions of a dozen to more than a hundred members. These diplomatic missions were frequent and routinized, and involved a significant percentage of the population of Central Eurasian states like Dunhuang and Turfan. These travelers, through their numerous journeys, integrated the states and people of medieval Eastern Eurasia into a tight-knit network. While there is no accounting of how many people in Dunhuang traveled as envoys, the chapter suggests that serving as an envoy of the state was a common profession, practiced with routinized regularity and involving a significant percentage of the population in Dunhuang.
Seven Hypotheses
Authors: Enquist Magnus , Ghirlanda Stefano , Lind Johan
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents seven hypotheses about human and animal intelligence. It talks about recent advances in machine learning that have led to a new understanding of animal intelligence in terms of associative learning, although sometimes its at odds with common views. It also investigates animal intelligence that consists of a sophisticated interplay between genetic predispositions and learning and is superior to human intelligence in many situations. The chapter points out how human intelligence depends on internal reorganization of information and needs culture to succeed. It examines the human evolutionary transition that is based on genetic changes that improved sequential information processing and increased mental flexibility.
Expanding (and Impeding) Expulsion
Authors: Dorin Rowan
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores how late medieval legal scholars and ecclesiastical authorities began to question the limits of the church's traditional opposition to the expulsion of Jews in light of new ideas about Jewish usury and new interpretations of legal doctrine. Could canon law—long a bulwark against expulsions of Jews—instead require them? By the fifteenth century, with calls for expulsion resurgent throughout Germany and Italy, the popes themselves would begin to weigh in on this topic. Their conflicting responses vividly reveal the role of law and legal reasoning in both furthering and impeding expulsion's expanding embrace. Moreover, the impact of these shifts would be felt even in the halls of the Alhambra in 1492, as the Catholic Monarchs deliberated over the fate of Spain's Jews.
Introduction
Authors: Haveman Heather A.
Published: September 2023

This introductory chapter provides an overview of organizations, which are bounded collections of people and material, financial, and information resources. Organizations are of interest to scholars in so many different fields because they have an enormous impact on social life, wielding tremendous power, distributing innumerable benefits, and inflicting enormous damage. It is only through organizations that large-scale planning and coordination in modern societies—for the state, economy, and civil society—become possible. To understand the world we inhabit, then, we must appreciate the power and scope of organizations. The chapter then looks at the formal and informal features of organization. Formally, organizational structures divide people into work groups and link them together so their efforts will yield more than their individual capacities. Informally, organizations' cultures and patterns of social relations both reflect and often transcend their formal structures.
Plato
Authors: Boegehold Alan L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores some passages from Platonic dialogues. Plato in composing his dialogues saw and heard his characters speaking. This use of imagination is especially evident in the so-called dramatic parts of some early and middle dialogues. These are the sections in which speakers are moving themselves to places or becoming acquainted or setting the tone of the ensuing discussion. Socrates' demonstration in the Meno requires him to illustrate his demonstrative adjectives. Once this picture is established, it is easier to picture nods and other expressive body movements in, e.g., Apology, Crito, Symposium, and Republic, where deliberate ellipses in syntax may emulate the speech patterns of an actual person, one who was in Plato's mind as he composed.
The Genesis of a Global Artistic Subfield
Authors: Buchholz Larissa
Published: September 2023

This chapter elaborates on the three global transformations which have affected key institutions for the mediation of contemporary art at the relatively autonomous pole. It examines how the historical confluence of these developments in the early twenty-first century produced an expanded institutional and cultural infrastructure that enabled the genesis of a global artistic subfield. As the chapter highlights, agents from both central and peripheral regions around the world entered increasing exchanges and symbolic struggles, which gradually eroded the legitimacy of the old international order in contemporary art and led to the construction of a new kind of symbolic capital. This new capital demonstrates a fundamental shift toward a global logic in the field, which has become dynamically engaged with questions of cosmopolitanism, a decentering of dominant Western perspectives, and the contributions of artists, mediators, and institutions from more “peripheral” countries. In focusing on these three transformations, the chapter stresses that these developments were particularly influential for incorporating players and artifacts from national and regional art fields that were previously more disparate into a shared global framework. What emerged in the millennium's first decade was a global subfield for the specific cultural mediation of contemporary art—with its own institutions, discourses, and stakes—that cannot simply be reduced to an aggregate of national or regional art circuits.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBJECTIVE ATTITUDES TOWARDS DISEASES IN MODERN ADOLESCENTS OF DIFFERENT GENDER IDENTITY
Authors: Ельникова Оксана Евгеньевна , Колосова Ирина Геннадьевна
Published: September 2023

Статья посвящена изучению особенности субъективного отношения к болезни представителей современной молодежи с различной полоролевой, гендерной идентичностью. Представлены результаты диагностического исследования взаимосвязи полоролевой идентичности и типов отношения к болезни. В качестве методологической базы, рассматривается биопсихосоциальная модель, в рамках которой при характеристике состояния здоровья учитывает в первую очередь психологические факторы. Отмечается, что актуальные тенденции развития общества диктуют настоятельную необходимость рассмотрения таких понятий как «болезни» и «здоровья» в первую очередь не с физиологической точки зрения, но как некое психологическое состояние человека. Приводится анализ исследований, доказывающий, что носители разных гендерных ролей демонстрируют совершенно иные модели поведения в том числе и в сфере здоровьясбережения. Полученные экспериментальные результаты позволяют заключить, что модель поведения обусловлены полоролевой идентичностью и в ситуации отражения тех или иных симптомов болезни учет психологических характеристик личности, в частности, влияние субъективного отражение своего социального пола, при построении лечебного процесса болезни любой нозологии просто необходим.

This article examines how young people with different gender identities perceive disease and how their attitudes toward disease might be influenced by their gender roles. The study presents the results of a diagnostic analysis examining the relationship between gender identity and different ways of thinking about disease. The study draws on the biopsychosocial model, emphasizing psychological factors in health assessment. It is found that current trends in social development view the concepts of “disease” and “health” not only as physiological states but also as psychological states. The research analyzes studies showing that individuals with different gender roles have completely different behavioral patterns, including health protection. The experimental results obtained suggest that behavioral patterns are influenced by gender identity. When considering specific disease symptoms, it is essential to consider the individual’s psychological characteristics, especially the effects of his or her subjective perception of social gender. This consideration is very important in formulating the therapeutic approach to various disease conditions.
Capturing the teaching of English oral skills in an Indonesian university: classroom activities and pedagogical challenges
Authors: Puspitasari Evi , Dewi Melliana Fitria Eka
Published: September 2023

In the context of English as a foreign language, listening and speaking skills are frequently discussed in isolation. In fact, to improve students' language mastery, the skills had better be taught in an integrated way. This research aimed to unveil activities for teaching oral skills that teachers implemented and discussed their challenges in the implementation. The data of this case study were obtained by observing three classes and interviewing three university teachers who taught integrated listening and speaking skills in an English language education department of a university in Indonesia. To analyze data gained from the interview, we used open, analytical, axial, and selective coding to identify the emerged themes using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that discussion, information gap, role play and simulation, and oral presentation were applied in the classrooms. The study also revealed that the challenges of applying the activities come not only from the students' side, such as their anxieties, low participation, and tendency to use their first language, but also from the teachers' part regarding their classroom management skills. Those findings implied that the success of oral skill instruction is achievable through various activities that involve students' listening and speaking skills at once.
Teachers’ orchestration of semiotic resources in EFL classrooms: a multimodal analysis
Authors: Mustofa M. Ibnu , Riswanto Riswanto , Putra Pebri Prandika
Published: September 2023

Teaching is an activity involving semiotic resources beyond verbal language. Therefore, more studies investigating what semiotic resources are employed and how they are utilized within EFL classroom settings are needed. This study sought to explore the types of semiotic resources employed by two EFL teachers in Indonesia and the roles of these semiotic resources in teaching activities. Through a qualitative case study, two EFL teachers in Bandung and Medan, Indonesia, were purposively selected. Data collection was through a semi-structured interview and document analysis. A six-phase of thematic analysis was employed to analyze the interview results, while a three-step of skimming, reading, and interpretation was used to analyze the documents. This study found that spoken language, pictures, videos, proxemics, gestures, head movements, gaze, and music were the semiotic resources used by both teachers in their teaching. The findings also demonstrated that these semiotic resources were used in the opening, delivering, and closing of the class, explaining learning content, performing interactions with students, checking the students' progress, managing classroom order, showing appreciation, and conducting evaluations. This study implies the crucial roles of all stakeholders in education to help EFL teachers in multimodal knowledge and practical strategy to create better teaching outcomes.
Measurement, Modelling, and Appli cation of Lubricant Properties at Extreme Pressures
Authors: Wingertszahn Patrick , Schmitt Sebastian , Thielen Stefan , Oehler Manuel , Magyar Balázs , Koch Oliver , Hasse Hans , Stephan Simon
Published: September 2023

Lubricants play a central role in many technical applications, e.g. in bearings and gears as well as in machining processes. In such applications, lubricants are exposed to extreme conditions in the contact area. In lubrication gaps, the pressure can reach values up to 5 GPa. The thermophysical properties of lubricants, and in particular the viscosity, at such extreme conditions have an important influence on the friction and wear behavior of a tribosystem. Accordingly, reliable lubricant property models are a prerequisite for accurate tribological simulations, e.g. elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) simulations. Presently, the vast majority of experimental thermophysical property data are only available up to 1 GPa. Thus, reliable and robust models with strong extrapolation capabilities to higher pressure are required. In this work, viscosity measurements of squalane in a temperature range be tween 20 °C and 100 °C and pressures up to 1 GPa were carried out. Based on that data, a physical model for the viscosity was developed. The model is built by combining a molecular-based equation of state with the so-called entropy scaling approach. Finally, we demonstrate how this fluid property model can be favorably integrated in an EHL simulation by an application programming interface (API). The novel hybrid modeling approach is promising for future applications.
Numerical Study on Anisotropic EHL Contacts with Short Fiber Reinforced Polymers
Authors: Lengmüller Moritz , Maier Enzo , Lohner Thomas , Stahl Karsten
Published: September 2023

Fiber-reinforced materials feature transversely isotropic elasticity. Although its influence on pressures, shapes, and sizes has been studied extensively for dry contacts, the transferability to lubricated contacts is fragmented. This numerical study investigates how the content and orientation of short fibers in fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) affect elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) of point contacts. Material properties are modeled with Tandon-Weng homogenization. For EHL modeling, a fully coupled approach based on finite element discretization is used. Results on hydrodynamic pressure and film thickness as well as material stress distribution are analyzed. It is shown that the combination of fiber content and orientation defines the effective contact stiffness that determines the contact shape, size, and film thickness. The following extended abstract is an excerpt from the publication “Effect of Transversely Isotropic Elasticity on Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Point Contacts” (https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14173507) that is based on the awarded thesis “Numerical Study on Anisotropic TEHL Contacts with Short Fiber Reinforced Polymers”)
Ekspressiya faktora ATOH1 induciruet bystruyu differencirovku iPSK v nejronnom napravlenii
Authors: Степанов А. И. , Путляева Л. В. , Дидыч Д. А. , Галиакберова А. А. , Гурская Н. Г. , Лукьянов К. А.
Published: September 2023

Izuchenie inducirovannyh plyuripotentnyh stvolovyh kletok cheloveka (iPSK) i sozdanie tekhnologij ih prakticheskogo ispol'zovaniya — odno iz samyh naukoemkih napravlenij sovremennyh biomedicinskih issledovanij. Nesmotrya na potencial primeneniya iPSK v personalizirovannoj medicine i v sozdanii kletochnyh modelej zabolevanij razlichnoj etiologii, ispol'zovanie iPSK ostaetsya krajne slozhnym. Tak, mezhkletochnaya geterogennost' iPSK pri otsutstvii effektivnyh sposobov opredeleniya identichnosti i ocenki sushchestvenno zatrudnyaet vosproizvodimost' podobnyh issledovanij. Cel'yu raboty bylo sozdat' liniyu iPSK, nesushchuyu gen transkripcionnogo faktora ATOH1 pod kontrolem sistemy indukcii ekspressii Tet-One, gen fluorescentnogo belka TagBFP i gen ustojchivosti k puromicinu dlya selekcii kletok. V rabote ispol'zovali metody molekulyarnogo klonirovaniya, lentivirusnuyu transdukciyu, kul'tivirovanie kletok, immunofluorescentnoe okrashivanie i fluorescentnuyu mikroskopiyu. Sozdannaya kletochnaya model' pozvolit analizirovat' sostoyanie edinichnyh kletok i, sledovatel'no, imeet bol'shoj prakticheskij potencial kak dlya laboratornyh, tak i dlya medicinskih issledovanij.
Sejarah Pakaian Adat Masyarakat Kajang Kabupaten Bulukumba (Studi Etnografi Komunikasi)
Authors: Ikram Ikramullah Mahdi , Mau Muliadi , Arianto Arianto
Published: September 2023

This research was conducted in Tanah Toa Village, Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi, which until now still adheres to the beliefs of its ancestors, one of which is wearing all-black clothes which are considered sacred and sacred. This research method is descriptive qualitative and uses an ethnographic communication approach. Data was collected by means of observation, interviews, literature and documentation. The purpose of this study was to describe the history and traditions of the Ammatoa Kajang ethnic community's traditional clothing, Bulukumba Regency. The results of this research on the history and traditions of the Kajang tribe's traditional clothing are a marker of the cultural identity of the Ammatoa ethnic community, which illustrates the belief that humans are born from the realm of darkness until the end of their lives they also return to the realm of darkness. Carrying out the Ammatoa ancestral tradition as the highest customary leader who also used traditional clothing in the past, reflecting adherence to customary law (Pasang) especially the principle of attallasa' kamase-mase or living modestly/simplely, representing equality for everyone before God (Turiek Akra 'na), a sense of equality and a shared destiny.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Tanah Toa Kecamatan Kajang Kabupaten Bulukumba Sulawesi Selatan yang sampai saat ini masih memegang erat keperyaan para leluhurnya, salah satunya yaitu menggunakan pakain serba hitam yang dianggap sebagai pakaian yang suci dan sakral. Metode penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan etnografi komunikasi. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, kepustakaan dan dokumentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendiskripsikan sejarah dan tradisi pakaian adat komunitas etnik Ammatoa Kajang Kabupaten Bulukumba. Hasil penelitian ini pada sejarah dan tradisi pada pakaian adat suku kajang merupakan penanda identitas kultural komunitas etnik Ammatoa, yang menggambarkan kepercayaan bahwa manusia terlahir dari alam kegelapan hingga akhir hayatnya juga kembali ke alam kegelapan. Melaksanakan tradisi leluhur Ammatoa sebagai pimpinan adat tertinggi yang juga menggunakan pakaian adat di masa lalu, mencerminkan ketaatan pada hukum adat (Pasang) khususnya prinsip attallasa’ kamase-mase atau hidup bersahaja/sederhana, merepresentasikan kesamaan derajat bagi setiap orang di depan tuhan (Turiek Akra’na), rasa persamaan dan senasib sepenanggungan.
Pengumpulan Alat Bukti Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang dari Hasil Korupsi (Studi Kasus Polda Sulawesi Selatan)
Authors: Rungngu Paul Lole Landoroy Palimbong , Mirzana Hijrah Adhyanti , Muin Audyna Mayasari
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze the process of proving money laundering that originates from corruption cases, which focuses on investigative actions in terms of efforts and obstacles faced by investigators by using data collection techniques, namely library research and field research, the data obtained is then analyzed qualitatively and described descriptively. The results of the study show that, (1) Investigators Find Allegations of Money Laundering Crimes, Receive Reports of Money Laundering Crimes from the Public, Carry out Investigations, Carry out Investigations, Submission of Case Files to Public Prosecutors (2) Obstacles faced by Investigators in handling cases include legal and statutory problems, overlapping authorities to investigate money laundering crimes, difficulties in finding evidence and problems with law enforcement/or investigator factors.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses pembuktian tindak pidana pencucian uang yang bersumber dari kasus korupsi, yang terfokus pada tindakan penyidikan dalam hal upaya serta kendala yang dihadapi penyidik dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan, data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis kualitatif dan diuraikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, (1) Penyidik Menemukan Adanya Dugaan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang, menerima Laporan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang dari Masyarakat, Melaksanakan Penyelidikan, Melaksanakan Penyidikan, Penyerahan Berkas Perkara Kepada Jaksa Penuntut Umum (2) Hambatan yang dihadapi Penyidik dalam penanganan kasus meliputi masalah hukum dan Undang–Undang, tumpang tindihnya kewenangan penyidikan tindak pidana pencucian uang, Kesulitan dalam menemukan barang bukti serta masalah faktor penegak hukum / atau penyidik.