bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human action recognition using support vector machines and 3D convolutional neural networks
Authors: Latah Majd
Published: July 2017

Recently, deep learning approach has been used widely in order to enhance the recognition accuracy with different application areas. In this paper, both of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) and support vector machines approach were employed in human action recognition task. Firstly, 3D CNN approach was used to extract spatial and temporal features from adjacent video frames. Then, support vector machines approach was used in order to classify each instance based on previously extracted features. Both of the number of CNN layers and the resolution of the input frames were reduced to meet the limited memory constraints. The proposed architecture was trained and evaluated on KTH action recognition dataset and achieved a good performance.
Indicators of an “Immigrant Advantage” in the Writing of L3 French Learners
Authors: Knouzi Ibtissem , Mady Callie
Published: July 2017

Grounded in the cross-linguistic influence(s) (CLI) literature, this study used objective measures to compare the use of English, lexical richness and syntactic complexity, and grammatical accuracy and fluency in the texts of three groups of Grade 6 French immersion students: Canadian-born anglophones (C-A), Canadian-born multilinguals (C-M), and immigrant multilinguals (I-M). Findings identified use of English, vocabulary richness, and grammatical accuracy as the discriminating variables that had the most effect on the quality of writing of the three groups. The differences in performance on these specific writing aspects were most salient between the C-A and I-M groups. We propose that, in our data, the social status of immigrants might have a more profound influence on a student’s approach to language learning and investment than that of being multilingual, and that this can translate directly in certain areas of language performance.
Big Tax Data and Economic Analysis: Effects of Personal Income Tax Reassessments and Delayed Tax Filing
Authors: Messacar Derek
Published: July 2017

Amid an increasing reliance on administrative tax data for economic analysis, the extent to which such data are confounded by income tax reassessments and delayed tax filing requires examination. This article provides novel insight into this issue using population records of initial and delayed Canadian tax filers for 1990–2010. The results show that 3.5 percent to 4.8 percent of tax filers delay filing their returns each year. However, the consequences of this behaviour are generally small and do not bias estimates of income distributions, aggregate statistics, or inequality. These findings inform discourse about the relative merits of using administrative versus survey data in economic analysis.
Long-Term Effect of Universal Helmet Law Changes on Motorcyclist Fatal Crashes: Comparison Group and Empirical Bayes Approaches
Authors: Lee Jaeyoung , Abdel-Aty Mohamed , Wang Jung-Han , Lee Chanyoung
Published: July 2017

A motorcyclist helmet is considered important safety equipment because it prevents or minimizes head and brain injuries, which are often fatal. Hence, in the 1960s and 1970s, most of the states in the United States enacted the universal helmet law (UHL) requiring all motorcyclists to wear helmets. Many researchers have examined the effect of the helmet law changes by using before-and-after studies and found that repealing the law had a negative effect on motorcyclists. In this study, the authors have attempted to explore the long-term impacts of repeal and reinstatement of the UHL by using 13 to 16 years of data. A before-and-after study with a comparison group and empirical Bayes methods was adopted to account for the passage of time and its effect on other factors such as exposure, maturation, trend, and regression-to-the-mean bias. A range of safety performance functions was developed on the basis of counties and parishes, and the expected fatal motorcycle crashes were calculated. The results showed that the UHL repeal still had significant effects on motorcycle fatal crash counts even 7 to 12 years after the repeal of the law. The crash modification factors showed that the UHL repeal increased the number of motorcycle fatal crashes by 15% to 41%, whereas reinstatement of the UHL decreased it by 21% to 27%. It is expected that the results from this study could be helpful for state policy makers to clearly understand the effects of the UHL on reducing motorcycle fatal crashes.
Heavy-Vehicle Crash Rate Analysis: Comparison of Heterogeneity Methods Using Idaho Crash Data
Authors: Anderson Jason , Hernandez Salvador
Published: July 2017

Studies investigating crash rates by roadway classification are few and far between and even more rare if extended to focus on heavy vehicles. This study explored and compared two advanced econometric methods—random-parameter Tobit regression and latent class Tobit regression—to determine contributing factors for heavy-vehicle crashes per million vehicle miles traveled while accounting for the unobserved heterogeneity present in crash data. The increasing crash rates in Idaho, crash proportion by roadway classification, and available data made an ideal case study. Empirical results show that although the random-parameter Tobit regression model provides better insight into heavy-vehicle crash rates than the fixed-parameter approach, the latent class Tobit regression model is the preferred methodology for the given data set. Traffic volumes, roadway characteristics, and traffic control devices were among the variables found to be statistically significant. Results from this study provide an alternate framework to account for heterogeneity while identifying key factors by roadway classification that influence heavy-vehicle crash rates. The illustrated framework and analysis by roadway classification can provide guidance to transportation agencies and policy makers and prompt future studies to include a latent class analysis, analysis by road classification, or both.
Extracorporeal perfusion – reduced to a one-way infusion
Authors: Taeger Christian D. , Friedrich Oliver , Horch Raymund E. , Drechsler Caroline , Weigand Annika , Hopf Fabio , Geppert Carol I. , Münch Frank , Birkholz Torsten , Wenzel Carina , Geis Sebastian , Prantl Lukas , Buchholz Rainer , Präbst Konstantin
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal perfusion (EP) is moving into focus of research in reconstructive and transplantation medicine for the preservation of amputates and free tissue transplants. The idea behind EP is the reduction of ischemia-related cell damage between separation from blood circulation and reanastomosis of the transplant. Most experimental approaches are based on a complex system that moves the perfusate in a circular course. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In this study, we aimed to evaluate if a simple perfusion by an infusion bag filled with an electrolyte solution can provide acceptable results in terms of flow stability, oxygen supply and viability conservation for EP of a muscle transplant. The results are compared to muscles perfused with a pump system as well as muscles stored under ischemic conditions after a one-time intravasal flushing with Jonosteril. RESULTS: With this simple method a sufficient oxygen supply could be achieved and functionality could be maintained between 3.35 times and 4.60 times longer compared to the control group. Annexin V positive nuclei, indicating apoptosis, increased by 9.7% in the perfused group compared to 24.4% in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, by decreasing the complexity of the system, EP by one-way infusion can become more feasible in clinical situations.
Indonesia-Madagascar partnership in agricultural linkages (impartial) aims for sustainability
Authors: Widodo Y , Harnowo D , Gasikara H , Malala A
Published: July 2017

Starting in 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) through the Program of Third Country Experts (TCE) invited Indonesian scientists to be involved in the development endeavors for African Countries, including Madagascar especially in attempt to increase productivity of rice as main staple food of Malagasy. Initiation of bilateral cooperation between Indonesia and Madagascar had been stimulated from JICA-TCE, furthermore for developing Indonesian soybean to Madagascar from 2013 to 2015. Madagascar and many African Countries are grouped into the countries requesting global aid for taming hunger as declared under Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ended 2015 that continued into Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. Fortunately, there is a similarity of languages in Indonesia and Madagascar East and West Africa as heritage from the ancient voyage before western occupation or even Before Christ (BC) era as reflected in the relief at wall of Borobudur a Buddhist temple in Magelang Central Java Indonesia. Based on historical background, there is an opportunity to propose Indonesia- Madagascar Partnership in Agricultural Linkages (IMPARTIAL) as a new alliance for attaining sustainable development in developing countries at the southern hemisphere. Implementing agricultural innovation to provide adequate food and renewable energy for daily modern livelihood is a key to attain sustainability.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 21-31, June, 2017
Possibility of recovering fusarium wilt affected eggplants by Trichoderma
Authors: Adhikary MC , Begum HA , Meah MB
Published: July 2017

The efficacy of Trichoderma suspension on the recovery of fusarium wilt infected eggplant was studied at Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm during July 2014 to April 2015. Suspension of Trichoderma asperellum CP (IPM 33) (5.8×107 CFU ml-1) was applied to rhizosphere soils of eggplants @ 0, 20 and 40 ml plant-1. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae was inoculated to flowering and fruiting stages of healthy plants by soil drenching method 48 hrs before and after application of Trichoderma suspension. Observations were made on the severity and recovering of wilting. The eggplant variety BAU Begun 1 was found resistant to fusarium wilt while other two varieties BAU Begun 2 and Dohazari G showed susceptible reaction. Pre-inoculation application of Trichoderma @ 40 ml plant-1 significantly reduced the severity of the disease. The vulnerability to fusarium wilt was higher at flowering stage of eggplant. Thus, the experimental results have opened up a possibility of using Trichoderma suspension over conventional farming inputs for sustainable and organic production of eggplant.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 38-42, June, 2017
The Mathematical Model of Smooth and Striated Spaces and the Connectivity Problem
Authors: Calamari Martin
Published: July 2017

The mathematical model of smooth and striated spaces in Deleuze and Guattari's A Thousand Plateaus essentially rests on Riemann's manifold theory and Lautman's account of Riemannian spaces. In this paper I provide a detailed analysis of Lautman's account, arguing, however, that to discern its intricacies, and particularly what I shall call the connectivity problem, it is crucial to consider the fundamental work of Élie Cartan. This allows to address three key problems of Deleuze and Guattari's model: (1) the heterogeneity and homogeneity of spaces, and the local/global duality; (2) the connectivity of spaces and the intrinsic/extrinsic duality; and (3) the translatability of spaces and their concrete mixes. As a result, Lautman's and Cartan's philosophical-mathematical questioning proves decisive to Deleuze and Guattari's appropriation of Riemann's theory, and thus the mathematical model of smooth and striated spaces.
The Anticipations of Sensation: Deleuze and Kant on the Intensive Ground of Sensible Experience
Authors: Ables Brenton
Published: July 2017

For all their differences, the transcendental philosophies of Kant and Deleuze converge on the need for a principle of the determination of what is given to sensation. This principle, the point of contact between the determined and undetermined, would be a ground of sensation and therefore of all outer experience. For both Kant and Deleuze, this ground can be localised in intensity as the degree of force of the real. But it is Deleuze's unique combination to show that depth, the matrix of intensity, serves as a ground only insofar as it is also an ungrounding.
Towards a Deleuzian Theory of Translation
Authors: Kelly James
Published: July 2017

This paper uses Lawrence Venuti's writings on foreignising translation as a point of departure to examine the relevance of Deleuze's work to the discipline of translation studies. It begins by using Deleuze's earlier work to define translation as a problem of difference, drawing on concepts such as the simulacrum, the Virtual and the Actual, before using ideas from his collaborative works with Guattari, such as the minor and the nomad, to consider more practical aspects in terms of language. It concludes by introducing the concept of the texture of prose as a means to apply these ideas to literary texts.
First detections of gravitational waves emitted from binary black hole mergers
Authors: Reitze D H
Published: July 2017

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration carried out the inaugural ‘O1’ observing run from September 12, 2015 through January 19, 2016 using the newly commissioned Advanced LIGO interferometers located in Hanford,WAand Livingston, LA. During theO1 run and the O2 run currently underway, three definitive detections of gravitational waves have occurred, each produced during the mergers of binary stellar mass black holes. A fourth candidate gravitational-wave event was identified, also likely produced from a binary black hole merger. The detected gravitational waveforms allow for the inference of the intrinsic astrophysical parameters of the merging binary systems, as well as the resulting black hole produced by the mergers. The first detect detections of gravitational waves confirm the existence of binary black hole systems and have profound implications for astrophysics using gravitational waves as a new and powerful probe of the universe.
Modified Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Optimized Operation Model for Stand-Alone CCHP Microgrid
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhou Lidong , Wang Bo , Wang Zheng , Shafie-khah Miadreza , Catalão João
Published: July 2017

The optimized dispatch of different distributed generations (DGs) in stand-alone microgrid (MG) is of great significance to the operation’s reliability and economy, especially for energy crisis and environmental pollution. Based on controllable load (CL) and combined cooling-heating-power (CCHP) model of micro-gas turbine (MT), a multi-objective optimization model with relevant constraints to optimize the generation cost, load cut compensation and environmental benefit is proposed in this paper. The MG studied in this paper consists of photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), fuel cell (FC), diesel engine (DE), MT and energy storage (ES). Four typical scenarios were designed according to different day types (work day or weekend) and weather conditions (sunny or rainy) in view of the uncertainty of renewable energy in variable situations and load fluctuation. A modified dispatch strategy for CCHP is presented to further improve the operation economy without reducing the consumers’ comfort feeling. Chaotic optimization and elite retention strategy are introduced into basic particle swarm optimization (PSO) to propose modified chaos particle swarm optimization (MCPSO) whose search capability and convergence speed are improved greatly. Simulation results validate the correctness of the proposed model and the effectiveness of MCPSO algorithm in the optimized operation application of stand-alone MG.
Development of a Magnetostrictive FeNi Coated Surface Acoustic Wave Current Sensor
Authors: Tong Jie , Jia Yana , Wang Wen , Wang Yang , Wang Shiyue , Liu Xinlu , Lei Yuqing
Published: July 2017

A magnetostrictive FeNi-coated surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based current sensor was proposed in this work. The weak remanence and hysteresis effect of the FeNi itself contributes to suppress the asymmetry in sensor response at increasing and decreasing current. The sensor response was simulated by solving the coupled electromechanical field equation in layered structure considering the magnetostrictive effect and an approach of effective dielectric constant. The effects from the aspect ratio and thickness of the FeNi film on sensor response were analyzed to determine the optimal design parameters. Differential oscillation structure was used to form the sensor, in which, the FeNi thin film was deposited along the SAW propagation of the sensor chip by using RF magnetron sputtering. The magnetostrictive effect of the FeNi coating induced by the magnetic loading generates the perturbation in SAW velocity, and corresponding oscillation frequency. High sensitivity of 10.7 KHz/A, good linearity and repeatability, lower hysteresis error of 0.97% were obtained from the developed prototype 150 MHz SAW FeNi coated current sensor.
Parameterization of the Aerosol Upscatter Fraction as Function of the Backscatter Fraction and Their Relationships to the Asymmetry Parameter for Radiative Transfer Calculations
Authors: Moosmüller Hans , Ogren John A.
Published: July 2017

Simple analytical approximations for aerosol radiative forcing generally contain the aerosol upscatter fraction (the fraction of scattered light that is scattered into the upper hemisphere), while ambient measurements generally yield the backscatter fraction, and theoretical calculations of scattering phase functions often yield the asymmetry parameter. Therefore, simple analytical relationships and parameterizations relating these three parameters are very valuable for radiative transfer calculations. Here, we review published parameterizations, mostly based on the Henyey-Greenstein phase function, and evaluate their goodness and range of validity. In addition, we give new parameterizations that are valid over the full range of backscatter fractions that are possibly encountered in the ambient atmosphere (i.e., 0 to 0.5).
A Support Vector Machine Hydrometeor Classification Algorithm for Dual-Polarization Radar
Authors: Roberto Nicoletta , Baldini Luca , Adirosi Elisa , Facheris Luca , Cuccoli Fabrizio , Lupidi Alberto , Garzelli Andrea
Published: July 2017

An algorithm based on a support vector machine (SVM) is proposed for hydrometeor classification. The training phase is driven by the output of a fuzzy logic hydrometeor classification algorithm, i.e., the most popular approach for hydrometer classification algorithms used for ground-based weather radar. The performance of SVM is evaluated by resorting to a weather scenario, generated by a weather model; the corresponding radar measurements are obtained by simulation and by comparing results of SVM classification with those obtained by a fuzzy logic classifier. Results based on the weather model and simulations show a higher accuracy of the SVM classification. Objective comparison of the two classifiers applied to real radar data shows that SVM classification maps are spatially more homogenous (textural indices, energy, and homogeneity increases by 21% and 12% respectively) and do not present non-classified data. The improvements found by SVM classifier, even though it is applied pixel-by-pixel, can be attributed to its ability to learn from the entire hyperspace of radar measurements and to the accurate training. The reliability of results and higher computing performance make SVM attractive for some challenging tasks such as its implementation in Decision Support Systems for helping pilots to make optimal decisions about changes inthe flight route caused by unexpected adverse weather.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Treating Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury: An Evaluation of Current Evidence
Authors: Yue John , Burke John , Upadhyayula Pavan , Winkler Ethan , Deng Hansen , Robinson Caitlin , Pirracchio Romain , Suen Catherine , Sharma Sourabh , Ferguson Adam , Ngwenya Laura , Stein Murray , Manley Geoffrey , Tarapore Phiroz
Published: July 2017

The prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is 20%–50%, and disorders of mood and cognition may remain even after recovery of neurologic function is achieved. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) block the reuptake of serotonin in presynaptic cells to lead to increased serotonergic activity in the synaptic cleft, constituting first-line treatment for a variety of neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review investigates the utility of SSRIs in treating post-TBI disorders. In total, 37 unique reports were consolidated from the Cochrane Central Register and PubMed (eight randomized-controlled trials (RCTs), nine open-label studies, 11 case reports, nine review articles). SSRIs are associated with improvement of depressive but not cognitive symptoms. Pooled analysis using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale demonstrate a significant mean decrease of depression severity following sertraline compared to placebo—a result supported by several other RCTs with similar endpoints. Evidence from smaller studies demonstrates mood improvement following SSRI administration with absent or negative effects on cognitive and functional recovery. Notably, studies on SSRI treatment effects for post-traumatic stress disorder after TBI remain absent, and this represents an important direction of future research. Furthermore, placebo-controlled studies with extended follow-up periods and concurrent biomarker, neuroimaging and behavioral data are necessary to delineate the attributable pharmacological effects of SSRIs in the TBI population.
Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors (PMRs) in Water Treatment: Configurations and Influencing Factors
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Shen Zhi-Peng , Shi Lei , Cheng Rong , Yuan Dong-Hai
Published: July 2017

The lack of access to clean water remains a severe issue all over the world. Coupling photocatalysis with the membrane separation process, which is known as a photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR), is promising for water treatment. PMR has developed rapidly during the last few years, and this paper presents an overview of the progress in the configuration and operational parameters of PMRs. Two main configurations of PMRs (PMRs with immobilized photocatalyst; PMRs with suspended photocatalyst) are comprehensively described and characterized. Various influencing factors on the performance of PMRs, including photocatalyst, light source, water quality, aeration and membrane, are detailed. Moreover, a discussion on the current problems and development prospects of PMRs for practical application are presented.
Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Knowledge of Obesity and Diabetes among Adolescents in Chennai, South India
Authors: Panuganti Pranati , Mehreen T.S. , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Mohan Viswanathan , Mayer-Davis E. , Ranjani Harish
Published: July 2017

The Obesity Reduction and Awareness of Non-communicable disease through Group Education (ORANGE) Phase II program, is a school-based intervention aimed at healthy lifestyle practices for sixth and seventh grade adolescents (n = 2345) attending private (n = 1811) and government (n = 534) schools in Chennai. The objectives of this paper are (a) to describe the intervention activities and their outcomes qualitatively and (b) to report changes in body mass index (BMI) of the intervention group participants. This intervention strategy used a teacher-peer-training model in each school for long-term sustainability of the lessons learned from this program. During each intervention session, teachers led a classroom discussion on the health topic of interest, and peers facilitated small-group learning activities. Anthropometric measurements of participants were assessed pre- and post-intervention. We found government school students perceived hygienic actions (e.g., drinking clean water, taking baths daily) as healthy habits for preventing diabetes, whereas private school students associated an expensive lifestyle (e.g., eating at restaurants, riding a car) with diabetes prevention. Overall, the mean post-intervention BMI (18.3 kg/m2) was in the normal range compared to the pre-intervention BMI (17.7 kg/m2) (p < 0.0001). These results suggest that future interventions should be tailored for adolescents from different socio-economic groups while acknowledging their varied perceptions.
Lattice Site of Rare-Earth Ions in Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate Probed by OH− Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Kovács László , Kocsor Laura , Szaller Zsuzsanna , Hajdara Ivett , Dravecz Gabriella , Lengyel Krisztián , Corradi Gábor
Published: July 2017

Rare-earth (RE = Er3+, Nd3+, or Yb3+) ion-doped stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals were grown by the Czochralski and the high-temperature top-seeded solution growth methods. For the 0.22–0.87 mol% concentration range of the RE oxides in the melt/solution, in addition to the well-known hydroxyl (OH−) vibrational band in undoped stoichiometric LiNbO3, a new infrared absorption band was observed at about 3500 cm−1, similar to the case of the trivalent optical damage resistant (ODR) dopants In3+ and Sc3+. By comparing the frequencies and polarization dependences of the bands to those detected for ODR ion containing crystals, they are attributed to the stretching vibration of OH− ions in RE3+Nb-OH− complexes. Consequently, above a given concentration threshold, some of the rare-earth ions are assumed to occupy niobium sites in the LiNbO3 lattice. The same model is also suggested for RE-doped congruent LiNbO3 crystals containing over-threshold (>5 mol %) amounts of the Mg-co-dopant.
Toward a Theory of Industrial Supply Networks: A Multi-Level Perspective via Network Analysis
Authors: Zuo Yi , Kajikawa Yuya
Published: July 2017

In most supply chains (SCs), transaction relationships between suppliers and customers are commonly considered to be an extrapolation from a linear perspective. However, this traditional linear concept of an SC is egotistic and oversimplified and does not sufficiently reflect the complex and cyclical structure of supplier-customer relationships in current economic and industrial situations. The interactional relationships and topological characteristics between suppliers and customers should be analyzed using supply networks (SNs) rather than traditional linear SCs. Therefore, this paper reconceptualizes SCs as SNs in complex adaptive systems (CAS), and presents three main contributions. First, we propose an integrated framework of CAS network by synthesizing multi-level network analysis from the network-, community- and vertex-perspective. The CAS perspective enables us to understand the advances of SN properties. Second, in order to emphasize the CAS properties of SNs, we conducted a real-world SN based on the Japanese industry and describe an advanced investigation of SN theory. The CAS properties help in enriching the SN theory, which can benefit SN management, community economics and industrial resilience. Third, we propose a quantitative metric of entropy to measure the complexity and robustness of SNs. The results not only support a specific understanding of the structural outcomes relevant to SNs, but also deliver efficient and effective support to the management and design of SNs.
Stable Vortices in a Continuously Stratified Ocean with Thin Active Layer
Authors: Benilov Eugene
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a model which yields examples of stable vortices in a continuously stratified rotating fluid, thus providing a possible explanation of the observed longevity of oceanic eddies. The model is based on two assumptions. Firstly, the ocean comprises a thin upper (active) layer and a thick lower (passive) one, with large and small vertical gradients of density, respectively. Secondly, the Rossby number is small, justifying the use of the geostrophic and quasi-geostrophic approximations for the active and passive layers (the two are treated differently because the vortex-induced displacement of the isopycnal surfaces is comparable to the depth of the active layer, but is much smaller than that of the passive one). Using the asymptotic equations derived on the basis of the above assumptions, we prove a stability criterion and thus identify a class of stable vortex profiles. This class is much wider than the one following from the standard requirement that the potential vorticity be monotonic in the whole bulk of the fluid.
Time-Resolved Characterization of Dynamic Tribochemical Processes for Dicationic Imidazolium Ionic Liquid
Authors: Nevshupa Roman , Conte Marcello , Guerra Silvia , Roman Elisa
Published: July 2017

Dynamic tribochemical processes for dicationic ionic liquid containing a geminal imidazolium cation head group bridged by a poly(ethylene glycol) and a bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion were studied using time-resolved mechanically stimulated gas emission mass-spectrometry (MSGE-MS). In comparison with similar monocationic imidazolium ionic liquids with short alkyl or long polyether side chains, the dicationic ionic liquid had a lower coefficient of friction on Ti6Al4V alloy and smoother behavior. The analysis of volatile decomposition products suggested multiple tribochemical reactions in which both anionic and cationic moieties are involved. The tribochemical degradation of cations was mainly through the detachment of the side and bridging chains from the imidazolium head groups. The absence of volatile products containing nitrogen implies that the imidazole group remained unchanged. Hydrogen and water desorption were attributed to the reactions of hydrogen fluoride being a product of anion degradation with titanium and titanium oxide, respectively.
Preparation and Characterization of Soybean Oil-Based Polyurethanes for Digital Doming Applications
Authors: Pantone Vincenzo , Laurenza Amelita , Annese Cosimo , Comparelli Roberto , Fracassi Francesco , Fini Paola , Nacci Angelo , Russo Antonella , Fusco Caterina , D’Accolti Lucia
Published: July 2017

Polyurethane-resin doming is currently one of the fastest growing markets in the field of industrial graphics and product identification. Semi-rigid bio-based polyurethanes were prepared deriving from soybean oil as a valuable alternative to fossil materials for digital doming and applied to digital mosaic technology. Bio-resins produced can favorably compete with the analogous fossil polymers, giving high-quality surface coatings (ascertained by SEM analyses). In addition, polyurethane synthesis was accomplished by using a mercury- and tin-free catalyst (the commercially available zinc derivative K22) bringing significant benefits in terms of cost efficiency and eco-sustainability.
Performance of Poly(lactic acid) Surface Modified Films for Food Packaging Application
Authors: Siracusa Valentina , Dalla Rosa Marco , Iordanskii Alexey
Published: July 2017

Five Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film samples were analyzed to study the gas barrier behavior, thermal stability and mechanical performance for food packaging application. O2, CO2, N2, N2O, and C2H4 pure gases; Air; and Modified Atmosphere (MA, 79% N2O/21% O2) were used to analyze the influence of the chemical structure, storage temperature and crystalline phase on the gas barrier behavior. The kinetic of the permeation process was investigated at different temperatures, ranging from 5 °C to 40 °C. Annealing thermal treatment on the samples led to the crystalline percentage, influencing especially the gas solubility process. Thermal properties such as Tg and χc, and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and modulus were remarkably improved with surface PLA modification. A more pronounced reinforcing effect was noted in the case of metallization, as well as improved gas barrier performance. Tensile testing and tensile cycling tests confirmed the rigidity of the films, with about a 20% loss of elasticity after 25 cycles loading.
Effects of Laser Offset and Hybrid Welding on Microstructure and IMC in Fe–Al Dissimilar Welding
Authors: Casalino Giuseppe , Leo Paola , Mortello Michelangelo , Perulli Patrizia , Varone Alessandra
Published: July 2017

Welding between Fe and Al alloys is difficult because of a significant difference in thermal properties and poor mutual solid-state solubility. This affects the weld microstructure and causes the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs). The present study aims to explore the weld microstructure and those compounds over two different technologies: the laser offset welding and the hybrid laser-MIG (Metal inert gas) welding. The former consists of focusing the laser beam on the top surface of one of the two plates at a certain distance (offset) from the interfaces. Such a method minimizes the interaction between elevated temperature liquid phases. The latter combines the laser with a MIG/MAG arc, which helps in bridging the gap and stabilizing the weld pool. AISI 316 stainless steel and AA5754 aluminum alloy were welded together in butt configuration. The microstructure was characterized and the microhardness was measured. The energy dispersive spectroscopy/X-ray Diffraction (EDS/XRD) analysis revealed the composition of the intermetallic compounds. Laser offset welding significantly reduced the content of cracks and promoted a narrower intermetallic layer.
Digital PCR: Endless Frontier of ‘Divide and Conquer’
Authors: Liao Peiyu , Huang Yanyi
Published: July 2017

Digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is becoming ever more recognized amid the overwhelming revolution in DNA quantification, genomics, genetics, and diagnostics led by technologies such as next generation sequencing and studies at the single-cell level. The demand to quantify the amount of DNA and RNA has been driven to the molecular level and digital PCR, with its unprecedented quantification capability, is sure to shine in the coming era. Two decades ago, it emerged as a concept; yet one decade ago, integration with microfluidics invigorated this field. Today, many methods have come to public knowledge and applications surrounding digital PCR is mounting. However, to reach wider accessibility and better practicality, efforts are needed to tackle the remaining problems. This perspective looks back at several inspiring and influential digital PCR approaches in the past and tries to provide a futuristic picture of the trends of digital PCR technologies to come.
Structural Characterization of Cholestane Rhamnosides from Ornithogalum saundersiae Bulbs and Their Cytotoxic Activity against Cultured Tumor Cells
Authors: Iguchi Tomoki , Kuroda Minpei , Naito Rei , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Matsuo Yukiko , Yokosuka Akihito , Mimaki Yoshihiro
Published: July 2017

Previous phytochemical studies of the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, an ornamental perennial plant native to South Africa, resulted in the isolation of 29 new cholestane glycosides, some of which were structurally unique and showed potent cytotoxic activity against cultured tumor cell lines. Therefore, we aimed to perform further phytochemical examinations of methanolic extracts obtained from Ornithogalum saundersiae bulbs, isolating 12 new cholestane rhamnosides (1–12) and seven known compounds (13–19). The structures of the new compounds (1–12) were identified via NMR-based structural characterization methods, and through a sequence of chemical transformations followed by spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds (1–19) and the derivatives (1a and 6a) against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells was evaluated. Compounds 10–12, 16, and 17 showed cytotoxicity against both HL-60 and A549 cells. Compound 11 showed potent cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 0.16 µM against HL-60 cells and induced apoptotic cell death via a mitochondrion-independent pathway.
Electronic Spectroscopy of Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Derivatives in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets
Authors: Slenczka Alkwin
Published: July 2017

Phthalocyanine and porphyrin were among the first organic compounds investigated by means of electronic spectroscopy in superfluid helium nanodroplets. Superfluid helium nanodroplets serve as a very gentle host system for preparing cold and isolated molecules. The uniqueness of helium nanodroplets is with respect to the superfluid phase which warrants the vanishing viscosity and, thus, minimal perturbation of the dopant species at a temperature as low as 0.37 K. These are ideal conditions for the study of molecular spectra in order to analyze structures as well as dynamic processes. Besides the investigation of the dopant species itself, molecular spectroscopy in helium droplets provides information on the helium droplet and in particular on microsolvation. This article, as part of a special issue on phthalocyanines and porphyrins, reviews electronic spectroscopy of phthalocyanine and porphyrin compounds in superfluid helium nanodroplets. In addition to the wide variety of medical as well as technical and synthetical aspects, this article discusses electronic spectroscopy of phthalocyanines and porphyrins in helium droplets in order to learn about both the dopant and the helium environment.
Effects of P-Glycoprotein on the Transport of DL0410, a Potential Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer Agent
Authors: Pang Xiaocong , Wang Lin , Kang De , Zhao Ying , Wu Song , Liu Ai-Lin , Du Guan-Hua
Published: July 2017

In our study, we attempted to investigate the influences of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on DL0410, a novel synthetic molecule for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment, for intestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability in vitro and related binding mechanisms in silico. Caco-2, MDCK, and MDCK-MDR1 cells were utilized for transport studies, and homology modelling of human P-gp was built for further docking study to uncover the binding mode of DL0410. The results showed that the apparent permeability (Papp) value of DL0410 was approximately 1 × 10−6 cm/s, indicating the low permeability of DL0410. With the presence of verapamil, the directional transport of DL0410 disappeared in Caco-2 and MDCK-MDR1 cells, suggesting that DL0410 should be a substrate of P-gp, which was also confirmed by P-gp ATPase assay. In addition, DL0410 could competitively inhibit the transport of Rho123, a P-gp known substrate. According to molecular docking, we also found that DL0410 could bind to the drug binding pocket (DBP), but not the nucleotide binding domain (NBD). In conclusion, DL0410 was a substrate as well as a competitive inhibitor of P-gp, and P-gp had a remarkable impact on the intestine and brain permeability of DL0410, which is of significance for drug research and development.
Multifunctional Cinnamic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Peperidou Aikaterini , Pontiki Eleni , Hadjipavlou-Litina Dimitra , Voulgari Efstathia , Avgoustakis Konstantinos
Published: July 2017

Our research to discover potential new multitarget agents led to the synthesis of 10 novel derivatives of cinnamic acids and propranolol, atenolol, 1-adamantanol, naphth-1-ol, and (benzylamino) ethan-1-ol. The synthesized molecules were evaluated as trypsin, lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation inhibitors and for their cytotoxicity. Compound 2b derived from phenoxyphenyl cinnamic acid and propranolol showed the highest lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition (IC50 = 6 μΜ) and antiproteolytic activity (IC50 = 0.425 μΜ). The conjugate 1a of simple cinnamic acid with propranolol showed the higher antiproteolytic activity (IC50 = 0.315 μΜ) and good LOX inhibitory activity (IC50 = 66 μΜ). Compounds 3a and 3b, derived from methoxylated caffeic acid present a promising combination of in vitro inhibitory and antioxidative activities. The S isomer of 2b also presented an interesting multitarget biological profile in vitro. Molecular docking studies point to the fact that the theoretical results for LOX-inhibitor binding are identical to those from preliminary in vitro study.
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz, a New Cultivar with Antiproliferative Potential in a Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cell Line
Authors: Salazar-Aguilar Sandra , Ruiz-Posadas Lucero , Cadena-Iñiguez Jorge , Soto-Hernández Marcos , Santiago-Osorio Edelmiro , Aguiñiga-Sánchez Itzen , Rivera-Martínez Ana , Aguirre-Medina Juan
Published: July 2017

The Sechium edule Perla Negra cultivar is a recently-obtained biological material whose progenitors are S. edule var. nigrum minor and S. edule var. amarus silvestrys, the latter of which has been reported to have antiproliferative activity against the HeLa P-388 and L-929 cancer cell lines. The present study aimed to determine if the methanolic extract of the fruit of the Perla Negra cultivar had the same biological activity. The methanolic extract was phytochemically characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography (CC), identifying the terpenes and flavonoids. The compounds identified via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were Cucurbitacins B, D, E, and I for the terpene fractions, and Rutin, Phlorizidin, Myricetin, Quercetin, Naringenin, Phloretin, Apigenin, and Galangin for the flavonoid fractions). Biological activity was evaluated with different concentrations of the methanolic extract in the HeLa cell line and normal lymphocytes. The methanolic extract inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells (IC50 1.85 µg·mL−1), but the lymphocytes were affected by the extract (IC50 30.04 µg·mL−1). Some fractions, and the pool of all of them, showed inhibition higher than 80% at a concentration of 2.11 µg·mL−1. Therefore, the biological effect shown by the methanolic extract of the Perla Negra has some specificity in inhibiting tumor cells and not normal cells; an unusual feature among molecules investigated as potential biomedical agents.
Vaccination with Recombinant Baculovirus Expressing Ranavirus Major Capsid Protein Induces Protective Immunity in Chinese Giant Salamander, Andrias davidianus
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyuan , Zhang Xinglang , Han Yahui , Jia Qiuhong , Gao Hongwei
Published: July 2017

The Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (CGSIV), belonging to the genus Ranavirus in the family Iridoviridae, is the causative agent of an emerging infectious disease causing high mortality of more than 90% and economic losses in Chinese giant salamanders in China. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus-based vaccine expressing the CGSIV major capsid protein (MCP) was developed and its protective immunity in Chinese giant salamanders was evaluated. The recombinant Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrosis virus (AcNPV), expressing CGSIV MCP, designated as AcNPV-MCP, was generated with the highest titers of 1 × 108 plaque forming units/mL (PFU/mL) and confirmed by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assays. Western blot analysis revealed that the expressed MCP reacted with mouse anti-MCP monoclonal antibodies at the band of about 53 kDa. The results of IIF indicated that the MCP was expressed in the infected Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells with the recombinant baculovirus, and the Chinese giant salamander muscle cells also transduced with the AcNPV-MCP. Immunization with the recombinant baculovirus of AcNPV-MCP elicited robust specific humoral immune responses detected by ELISA and neutralization assays and potent cellular immune responses in Chinese giant salamanders. Importantly, the effective immunization conferred highly protective immunity for Chinese giant salamanders against CGSIV challenge and produced a relative percent of survival rate of 84%. Thus, the recombinant baculovirus expressing CGSIV MCP can induce significant immune responses involving both humoral and cell-mediated immunity in Chinese giant salamanders and might represent a potential baculovirus based vaccine candidate for Chinese giant salamanders against CGSIV.
Acquired Ulcero-Mutilating Bilateral Acro-Osteopathy (Bureau-Barrière Syndrome)
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Mangarov Hristo , Lozev Ilia , Pidakev Ivan , Lotti Torello , Wollina Uwe , Gianfaldoni Serena , Semkova Kristina , Lotti Jacopo , França Katlein , Batashki Atanas
Published: July 2017

We present a 35-year-old male patient with Bureau-Barrière syndrome. Bureau-Barrière syndrome is an ulcero-mutilating acropathy almost invariably associated with excessive alcohol intake. It presents with a triad of trophic skin changes with recurrent ulcerations, bone lesions and nerve damage. The clinical presentation includes chronic painless plantar ulcerations with periulcerous hyperkeratosis, hyperhidrosis, livedoid skin colour, nail dystrophy, widening and infiltration of the toes and common interdigital mycoses. Other non-specific skin changes related to the alcohol consumption are commonly observed as well. The condition affects mainly middle-aged men suffering from alcoholism. Often a bilateral location at the lower limb of male alcoholics has been described, as in our patient. Successful treatment of the Bureau-Barrière syndrome requires an interdisciplinary approach. Cessation of alcohol intake and smoking is of paramount importance.
Pigmented Paraaxillary Located "Complex" Basal Cell Carcinoma Imitating clinically irritated Melanocytic Lesion - Succesfull Surgical Approach in Bulgarian Patient
Authors: Voicu Cristiana , Mihai Mara , Lupu Mihai , Patterson James W. , Koleva Nely , Wollina Uwe , Lotti Torello , Lotti Jacopo , França Katlein , Batashki Atanas , Gianfaldoni Serena , Bakardzhiev Ilko , Mangarov Hristo , Tchernev Georgi
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequently encountered neoplasm worldwide. While nodular BCC is the most frequent clinical subtype, other forms of BCC, such as superficial, cystic, morpheiform, infiltrative, and pigmented may also be encountered.CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 67-year-old male with a relatively well-defined infiltrative, pigmented plaque with multiple colours and peripheral growth situated in the right axillary region. The histopathologic examination performed after complete surgical excision of the tumour revealed a complex pigmented BCC with macronodular, fibroepithelioma-like, cystic, focally infiltrative and basosquamous features.CONCLUSION: Uncommon locations of BCCs in sun-protected areas such as the axillary region require a higher degree of suspicion for diagnosis. The complex histology of the presented case, including subtypes with differing biologic attributes, emphasises the importance of histopathological examination in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of BCC.