bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dukungan Suami dalam Pemberian ASI Berhubungan Erat dengan Motivasi Menyusui Eksklusif pada Ibu
Authors: Timiyatun Endar , Oktavianto Eka
Published: September 2018

Exclusive breastfeeding is one program that is quite difficult to develop because it deals with various problems in social society. Until now exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Yogyakarta still has not reached the target expected. The factors that are suspected in this case is lack of exclusive breastfeeding motivation.One cause of this is husband support.  The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between husband’s support in giving brestfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy with mother’s exclusive breastfeeding motivation in Puskesmas Sewon II Bantul. The method of this research used non-experimental research with cross-sectional design. Respondents in this study were breastfeeding mothers who had infants <6 months in the work area at Puskesmas Sewon II Bantul. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The analytical test which was used was to know the relationship of chi-square test. The result was Husband's support for breastfeeding in the working area of Puskesmas Sewon II Bantul Yogyakarta was in the category of 47 people (58.8%). Motivation of exclusive majority breastfeeding mother in moderate category as many as 49 people (61.2%) and breastfeeding self-efficacy has middle category was 56 people (70%) .The result of correlation test between two variables got each p value <0.05. The conclusion was there was a relationship between husband’s support in breastfeeding with exclusive breastfeeding and mother’s exclusive breastfeeding motivation in Puskesmas Sewon II Bantul (p<0.05).
Study on the in vitro growth of Lily Sorbonne bulblet
Authors: Tran Thang Thanh , Tran Huong Thanh
Published: September 2018

In this study, the effects of light and dark condition, sucrose concentration, and plant growth regulators on the in vitro growth of bulblet from Lily Sorbonne shoot were studied. Morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in the bulblet growth were analyzed. Shoots in the light condition developed into plant while shoots in continuous darkness formed bulblet. Sucrose (90 g/L) increased the size of scale and starch accumulation of bulb. 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA 1,5 mg/L) stimulated the divison of parenchyma cell. The combination of 90 g/L sucrose and 1,5 mg/L BA in dark condition stimulated the division and size of the parenchyma cells, which increase the number and size of scales and size and weight of the bulblet. Respiratory rate, zeatin content and starch accumulation were increased in the bulblet growth. The correlation of light condition, sucrose concentration, plant hormone, respiration rate, starch accumulation, and bulblet growth were discussed. The combination of 90 g/L sucrose, 1.5 mg/L BA and 0.5 zeatin mg/L in dark strongly induced the growth of in vitro Lily bulblet, especially the number of scale.
Determination of the interface between insoluble environments using gamma scattering technique
Authors: Vo Nguyen Hoang , Tran Thanh Thien , Bui Quy Duc , Nguyen Minh Quoc , To Duy Hoang , Lo Son Thai , Chau Tao Van
Published: September 2018

In this study, we deploy and compare spectrum processing methods based on gamma scattering technique to determine the interface between insoluble fluids stored in the container. The gamma scattering measurement system included: a 5 mCi radioactive source of 137Cs, a cylindrical glass vase with a diameter of 6.5 cm containing the fluids, and a NaI(Tl) detector with a 7.62 × 7.62 cm scintillation crystal. The detector was arranged to obtain the scattered photon beam at the angle of 120o. Two of the three processing methods showed good results with the biggest difference of 5 mm. In addition, the results also show the feasibility of using SCA in gamma scattering measurement system to determine the interface between insoluble environments.
Study of the minimum detectable activity in gamma-ray spectrometry with various shielding configurations
Authors: Le Vuong Quang , Vo Nguyen Hoang , Huynh Chuong Dinh , Lau Phuc Minh , Tran Thanh Thien , Chau Tao Van
Published: September 2018

In the environmental radioactivity analyzing methods using gamma-ray spectrometry, the natural activities of radionuclides were required to be higher than the minimum detectable activity (MDA). To reduce MDA, one of the popular methods is to improve the ability of reducing the background radiation of the gamma-ray spectrometry. In this work, we designed the shielding configuration with 5 cm lead and 2 mm copper (thickness of walls and top). The MDAs of gamma-ray spectrometer were 2.6–4.24 times times for 40K (1460.8 keV), 232Th (208Tl- 2614.5 keV) and 238U (214Pb- 352 keV; 214Bi- 609.3 keV, 214Bi- 1764.5 keV). In the other hand, MDA for 238U with this shielding configuration is smaller than the activity of 238U inside surface soils in Vietnam. These results showed that the gamma spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector and this shielding configuration was suitable for measurements activity of 238U in the environmental samples.
Study on method of filtering noises from electroencephalography signals and its application for identification of several electroencephalography signals
Authors: Huynh Tuan Van , Huynh Vu Quang
Published: September 2018

Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals have usually been affected by different types of noise as 50 Hz noise, mechanical noise caused by body movements, heart disturbance, eye noise... In this paper, methods such as: independent component analysis (independent component analysis-ICA), discrete wavelet transform and design of digital filters, were used to filter the noises, to classify the basic components for EEG signals. Then the mean of energy value was calculated to identify the status of the EEG signals such as blink, thoughts, emotion, smoking and blood pressure. The results of calculations and simulations of signals EEG could demonstrate the efficiency of the method.
Kajian Sosiologi Perilaku Konservasi dengan Wanatani Wilayah Semi Arid Khatulistiwa (Studi Kasus: di Kecamatan Amarasi, NTT)
Authors: Yanti Rinda , Ibrahim Hasan
Published: September 2018

Kecamatan Amarasi, NTT berdasarkan letak garis lintangnya terletak di daerah khatulistiwa beriklim tropis dengan tipologi lahan kering beriklim kering (ekosistem semi arid). Tulisan ini menganalisis pengelolaan wanatani di Amarasi dalam  perilaku konservasi lahan. Secara konvensional kajian sosiologi menjelaskan tentang hubungan antarmanusia, tetapi belum banyak memasukan variabel lingkungan sebagai bahan kajian. Minimnya kajian sosiologi lingkungan mendorong penulis untuk menghadirkan artikel ini. Tujuan penulisan adalah menganalisis aspek sosial, khususnya perilaku konservasi yang mendukung pengelolaan wanatani  berkelanjutan sehingga kesejahteraan petani meningkat dan lingkungan hidup tetap  lestari.  Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif  dan analisis deskriptif berdasarkan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 6 dari 7 indikator kelembagaan memiliki kategori kurang (85.71%). Hal ini menggambarkan  bahwa  belum optimalnya  dukungan  sosial khususnya aspek kelembagaan menyebabkan pengelolaan wanatani di Amarasi belum berkelanjutan. Perilaku konservasi (Y) secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh frekuensi penyuluhan (X2). Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa penyuluhan yang sering dilakukan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan motivasi masyarakat untuk melakukan konservasi lahan. Sedangkan pengetahuan (X1), dan motivasi (X3) tidak berpengaruh nyata, artinya kedua variabel bebas tersebut aktif jika adanya frekuensi penyuluhan yang intensif tentang wanatani.
Toplumsal Cinsiyete Duyarlı Afet Risk Yönetimi
Authors: OKAY Nilgün , İLKKARACAN İpek
Published: September 2018

Afete dirençli toplumlar için afet risk
yönetiminin yaygınlaştırılmasını gerektirmektedir.  Toplumda mevcut olan sosyal
zarargörebilirlikler (kırılganlıklar) bir afet durumunda müdahaleyi daha
karmaşık hale getirmekte, iyileştirmeyi daha da zorlaştırmaktadır.  Toplumun bireylere kadın veya erkek olarak yüklediği sosyokültürel
roller ve sorumluluklar (toplumsal cinsiyet) bu kırılganlıkları arttırmakta
afet risklerini daha da yönetilemez hale getirmektedir.  Kadınları
afetlerde mağdur ve riskli gruplardan kabul eden genel yaklaşım bulunmaktadır.  Buna karşılık, toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı kapasite
ve yeteneklerini geliştirmeyi amaçlayan yaklaşımların daha başarılı olduğu saptanmıştır.  Bu makalede afet yönetiminin zarar azaltma,
hazırlık ve müdahale evrelerinde yapılan planlamaların toplumsal cinsiyet
bakımından yeniden gözden geçirilmesi, toplumsal cinsiyet duyarlığının geliştirilmesine yönelik stratejik planlama
önerileri tartışılmaktadır.
Application of Sepiolite-Poly(vinylimidazole) composite for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution: Isotherm and thermodynamics studies
Authors: Kara Ali , Kılıç Muhsin , Tekin Nalan , Dinibütün Nuray , Şafaklı Akif
Published: September 2018

For removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution, a
novel composite was prepared from 1-vinyl imidazole and sepiolite by the
technique of in-situ polymerization. Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution onto Sepiolite-Poly(vinylimidazole) composite has been studied at 277,
298, 318, and 338 K and the experimental data were analyzed using fourteen
isotherm models. The determination
coefficients (R2) were determined for each
isotherm analysis. The determination
coefficients demonstrated
that in general the accuracy of models to fit experimental data improves with
the number of parameters. The Langmuir model provided the best fit to the
experimental data among the two-parameter isotherms. The Toth model provided
the best fit to the data among the three-parameter models. Adsorption isotherm
modeling shows that the interaction of Cu(II) with Sepiolite-Poly(vinylimidazole) composite surface is localized to
monolayer sorption and adsorption is an endothermic process. Additionally, adsorption
experiments showed that Sepiolite-Poly(vinylimidazole) composite
can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal
of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution.
Bone Conduction as a Viable Alternative to Current Communications Systems in Fighter Cockpits
Authors: Bradke Brian S. , White Zackary , Poston Jennifer
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION: Effective voice communication is essential when operating aircraft. Because of the loud operating environment in fighter cockpits, it has been a challenge to provide effective communication while simultaneously protecting the hearing sense. The objective of this
study was to determine the feasibility of using bone conducting transducers (BCT) in place of legacy communications systems in fighter cockpits.METHODS: A military flight helmet was modified and outfitted with BCT and air-conducting speakers. BCT were independently tested against
air-conducting speakers using a clinical audiometer under three conditions: without earplugs, with earplugs, and with earplugs in the presence of 100-dB broad-spectrum noise. Three test subjects were given an audiological examination using tones of varying intensity ranging from 100 Hz to
8000 Hz. The lowest hearable intensity indicated by button press was recorded for each frequency.RESULTS: In the presence of 100-dB ambient noise, bone conducting transducers performed better than air-conducting speakers at all frequencies. Hearability of BCT by audiogram was, on
average, 10–20% lower intensity (dB) than air-conducting speakers.DISCUSSION: Currently, USAF pilots wear two layers of hearing protection; i.e., the helmet's integrated earcup and some form of ear plug (e.g., foam earplug or custom-molded earbud). Our results suggest that
bone conducting audio transducers may be better for layered hearing protection than air-conducting speakers when used with foam earplugs. Given the cost, complexity, and non-interoperability of custom-molded earphones, helmet-integrated bone conducting transducers and foam earplugs may be
a better option for sustained airborne operations.Bradke BS, White Z, Poston J. Bone conduction as a viable alternative to current communications systems in fighter cockpits. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(10):927–930.
Acoustic turbulence of second sound waves in superfluid helium
Authors: Efimov V B
Published: September 2018

The anomalously strong amplitude dependence of the second sound wave velocity allows experimentally studying the behavior of nonlinear waves in a linearly dispersive medium, the processes of energy transformation from single-frequency harmonic pumping into the high-frequency dissipation edge of the spectrum, and the formation and decay dynamics of direct and inverse energy cascades.
Nonlocal Damage Mechanics for Quantification of Health for Piezoelectric Sensor
Authors: Habib A. , Shelke A. , Amjad U. , Pietsch U. , Banerjee S.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a novel method to quantify the incubation of damage on piezoelectric crystal is presented. An intrinsic length scale parameter obtained from nonlocal field theory is used as a novel measure for quantification of damage precursor. Features such as amplitude decay, attenuation, frequency shifts and higher harmonics of guided waves are commonly-used damage features. Quantification of the precursors to damage by considering the mentioned features in a single framework is a difficult proposition. Therefore, a nonlocal field theory is formulated and a nonlocal damage index is proposed. The underlying idea of the paper is that inception of the damage at the micro scale manifests the evolution of damage at the macro scale. In this paper, we proposed a nonlocal field theory, which can efficiently quantify the inception of damage on piezoelectric crystals. The strength of the method is demonstrated by employing the surface acoustic waves (SAWs) and longitudinal bulk waves in Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) single crystal. A control damage was introduced and its manifestation was expressed using the intrinsic dominant length scale. The SAWs were excited and detected using interdigital transducers (IDT) for healthy and damage state. The acoustic imaging of microscale damage in piezoelectric crystal was conducted using scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM). The intrinsic damage state was then quantified by overlaying changes in time of flight (TOF) and frequency shift on the angular dispersion relationship.
Improved Current Doubler Rectifier
Authors: Antchev Mihail
Published: September 2018

It is widely accepted to examine and explain the functioning of the standard “Current Doubler Rectifier” as strictly symmetrical according to the electrical current through the two inductances. The present work challenges this consideration and proposes a new version of the electrical circuit diagram where the current symmetry is improved. The proposed circuit is called the “Improved Current Doubler Rectifier”.
25 Years of Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management: How Intergovernmental C&I Processes Have Made a Difference
Authors: Linser Stefanie , Wolfslehner Bernhard , Bridge Simon R. J. , Gritten David , Johnson Steven , Payn Tim , Prins Kit , Raši Rastislav , Robertson Guy
Published: September 2018

Growing concern about forest degradation and loss, combined with the political impetus supplied by the Earth Summit in 1992, led to the establishment of eleven intergovernmental, regional, and international forest-related processes focused on the use of criteria and indicators (C&I) for sustainable forest management (SFM). Up to 171 countries have participated in these processes to apply C&I frameworks as a tool for data collection, monitoring, assessment, and reporting on SFM and on achieving various forest-related UN Sustainable Development Goals. Based on an expert survey and literature analysis we identify six interlinked impact domains of C&I efforts: (1) enhanced discourse and understanding of SFM; (2) shaped and focused engagement of science in SFM; (3) improved monitoring and reporting on SFM to facilitate transparency and evidence-based decision-making; (4) strengthened forest management practices; (5) facilitated assessment of progress towards SFM goals; and (6) improved forest-related dialog and communication. We conclude that the 25-year history of C&I work in forestry has had significant positive impacts, though challenges do remain for the implementation of C&I and progress towards SFM. The work should be continued and carried over to other sectors to advance sustainability goals more broadly.
Effects of Clockwise and Counterclockwise Job Shift Work Rotation on Sleep and Work-Life Balance on Hospital Nurses
Authors: Shiffer Dana , Minonzio Maura , Dipaola Franca , Bertola Mattia , Zamuner Antonio Roberto , Dalla Vecchia Laura Adelaide , Solbiati Monica , Costantino Giorgio , Furlan Raffaello , Barbic Franca
Published: September 2018

Rotational shift work is associated with sleep disturbances, increased risk of cardiovascular and psychological disorders, and may negatively impact work–life balance. The direction of shift rotation (Clockwise, CW or counterclockwise, CCW) and its role in these disorders are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the shift schedule direction on sleep quantity and quality, alertness and work performance, and on work–life balance on hospital nurses. One-hundred female nurses, working a continuous rapid shift schedule in hospitals in the north of Italy, participated in this cross-sectional study. Fifty worked on CW rotation schedule (Morning: 6 a.m.–2 p.m., Afternoon: 2 p.m.–10 p.m., Night: 10 p.m.–6 a.m., 2 rest days) and fifty on CCW rotation (Afternoon, Morning, Morning, Night, 3 rest days). Data were collected by ad hoc questionnaire and daily diary. During the shift cycle CW nurses slept longer (7.40 ± 2.24 h) than CCW (6.09 ± 1.73; p < 0.001). CW nurses reported less frequently than CCW awakening during sleep (40% vs. 80%; p < 0.001), attention disturbance during work (20% vs. 64%; p < 0.001), and interference with social and family life (60% vs. 96% and 20% vs. 70%, respectively; p < 0.001). CCW rotating shift schedule seems to be characterized by higher sleep disturbances and a worse work–life balance.
Natural and Modified Montmorillonite Clays as Catalysts for Synthesis of Biolubricants
Authors: Luna Francisco , Cecilia Juan , Saboya Rosana , Barrera Deicy , Sapag Karim , Rodríguez-Castellón Enrique , Cavalcante Célio
Published: September 2018

In this study, natural and modified clays were evaluated as catalysts in an esterification reaction to obtain bio-based lubricants. The biolubricants are environmentally preferred to petroleum-based lubricants because they are biodegradable and non-toxic. Other advantages include very low volatility due to the high molecular weight and excellent viscosity properties with temperature variations. Modifications in natural clay were performed intending to obtain materials with different textural properties that could improve the reaction under study. The modified clays were obtained in two ways: by pillarization using Al13 Keggin polyoxocations or by acid treatments with H2SO4, HCl and HNO3. All samples were evaluated for the esterification reaction of fatty acids from castor oil (FACO) using 2-ethyl-hexanol. During the reaction step, a zeolite-based adsorbent was used for water removal to increase the reaction equilibrium conversion. Gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance were performed to ensure the formation of the products. The highest conversion of fatty acids to esters was obtained using pillared clays. Adding adsorbent in the reaction medium (10 g of 3A zeolite to 100 g of FACO), the conversion improved from 74–88 wt % after 6 h at 50 °C.
Stress-Induced Mucus Secretion and Its Composition by a Combination of Proteomics and Metabolomics of the Jellyfish Aurelia coerulea
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Mo Fengfeng , Jiang Guixian , Liang Hongyu , Ma Chaoqun , Li Tong , Zhang Lulu , Xiong Liyan , Mariottini Gian Luigi , Zhang Jing , Xiao Liang
Published: September 2018

Background: Jellyfish respond quickly to external stress that stimulates mucus secretion as a defense. Neither the composition of secreted mucus nor the process of secretion are well understood. Methods: Aurelia coerulea jellyfish were stimulated by removing them from environmental seawater. Secreted mucus and tissue samples were then collected within 60 min, and analyzed by a combination of proteomics and metabolomics using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), respectively. Results: Two phases of sample collection displayed a quick decrease in volume, followed by a gradual increase. A total of 2421 and 1208 proteins were identified in tissue homogenate and secreted mucus, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the mucus-enriched proteins are mainly located in extracellular or membrane-associated regions, while the tissue-enriched proteins are distributed throughout intracellular compartments. Tryptamine, among 16 different metabolites, increased with the largest-fold change value of 7.8 in mucus, which is consistent with its involvement in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway ‘tryptophan metabolism’. We identified 11 metalloproteinases, four serpins, three superoxide dismutases and three complements, and their presence was speculated to be related to self-protective defense. Conclusions: Our results provide a composition profile of proteins and metabolites in stress-induced mucus and tissue homogenate of A. coerulea. This provides insight for the ongoing endeavors to discover novel bioactive compounds. The large increase of tryptamine in mucus may indicate a strong stress response when jellyfish were taken out of seawater and the active self-protective components such as enzymes, serpins and complements potentially play a key role in innate immunity of jellyfish.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the Primary Prevention of Eczema in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Szajewska Hania , Horvath Andrea
Published: September 2018

Current guidelines recommend the use of probiotics to reduce the risk of eczema. It remains unclear which strain(s) to use. We systematically evaluated data on the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) supplementation prenatally and/or postnatally for the primary prevention of eczema. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched up to August 2018, with no language restrictions, for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and RCTs published afterwards. The primary outcome was eczema. For dichotomous outcomes, we calculated the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A random-effects model was used to pool data. Heterogeneity was explored using the I2 statistics. The GRADE criteria were used to assess the overall quality of evidence supporting the primary outcome. Seven publications reporting 5 RCTs (889 participants) were included. High to moderate certainty in the body of evidence suggests that LGG supplementation (regardless of the timing of administration) did not reduce the risk of eczema. There was also no consistent effect on other allergic outcomes. This meta-analysis shows that LGG was ineffective in reducing eczema. It does not support the general recommendation to use probiotics for preventing eczema, unless specific strains would be indicated.
The Effect of Lutein on Eye and Extra-Eye Health
Authors: Buscemi Silvio , Corleo Davide , Di Pace Francesco , Petroni Maria Letizia , Satriano Angela , Marchesini Giulio
Published: September 2018

Lutein is a carotenoid with reported anti-inflammatory properties. A large body of evidence shows that lutein has several beneficial effects, especially on eye health. In particular, lutein is known to improve or even prevent age-related macular disease which is the leading cause of blindness and vision impairment. Furthermore, many studies have reported that lutein may also have positive effects in different clinical conditions, thus ameliorating cognitive function, decreasing the risk of cancer, and improving measures of cardiovascular health. At present, the available data have been obtained from both observational studies investigating lutein intake with food, and a few intervention trials assessing the efficacy of lutein supplementation. In general, sustained lutein consumption, either through diet or supplementation, may contribute to reducing the burden of several chronic diseases. However, there are also conflicting data concerning lutein efficacy in inducing favorable effects on human health and there are no univocal data concerning the most appropriate dosage for daily lutein supplementation. Therefore, based on the most recent findings, this review will focus on lutein properties, dietary sources, usual intake, efficacy in human health, and toxicity.
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among School Children and Adolescents Living in Northern Italy and Unhealthy Food Behaviors Associated to Overweight
Authors: Archero Francesca , Ricotti Roberta , Solito Arianna , Carrera Deborah , Civello Federica , Di Bella Rosina , Bellone Simonetta , Prodam Flavia
Published: September 2018

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the differences in Mediterranean diet and its components among primary and secondary school children and adolescents living in northern Italy, and the associations with the weight status. Adherence was assessed by the KIDMED (Mediterranean Diet Quality Index) questionnaire on 669 subjects (6–16 years) attending five schools of Novara. The adherence was poor in 16.7%, average in 63.7%, and high in 19.6% of the students. Poor adherence was more frequent in primary than in secondary schools (20.7% vs. 13.7%, p < 0.04). Some unhealthy behaviors were more prevalent in younger children. Children of other ethnic origins had a mixed behavior, choosing both traditional healthy and unhealthy foods. Besides male gender and primary school, in Italian children, the risk of overweight was directly associated with eating at fast-food restaurants (OR: 1.890, CI 95% 1.002–3.563), and inversely with consumption of vegetables more than once a day (OR: 0.588, CI 95% 0.349–0.991), and olive oil at home (OR: 0.382, CI 95% 0.176–0.826). In children of other ethnic origins, this risk was associated with skipping breakfast (OR: 16.046, CI 95% 1.933–133.266), or consuming commercial baked good or pastries for breakfast (OR: 10.255, CI 95% 1.052–99.927). The overall KIDMED score correlated with height (β: 0.108; p < 0.005). Poor food quality is replacing the Mediterranean dietary pattern in children and adolescents, in particular among younger children. Because the risk of overweight was associated with different components of the Mediterranean diet depending on ethnic origins, tailored nutritional programs remain a need.
Remotely Estimating Beneficial Arthropod Populations: Implications of a Low-Cost Small Unmanned Aerial System
Authors: Xavier Shereen S. , Coffin Alisa W. , Olson Dawn M. , Schmidt Jason M.
Published: September 2018

Studies show that agricultural land requires investment in the habitat management of non-cropped areas to support healthy beneficial arthropods and the ecosystem services they provide. In a previous small plot study, we manually counted blooms over the season, and found that plots providing greater numbers of flowers supported significantly higher pollinator populations over that of spontaneous weed plots. Here, we examined the potential of deploying an inexpensive small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a tool to remotely estimate floral resources and corresponding pollinator populations. Data were collected from previously established native wildflower plots in 19 locations on the University of Georgia experimental farms in South Georgia, USA. A UAV equipped with a lightweight digital camera was deployed to capture images of the flowers during the months of June and September 2017. Supervised image classification using a geographic information system (GIS) was carried out on the acquired images, and classified images were used to evaluate the floral area. The floral area obtained from the images positively correlated with the floral counts gathered from the quadrat samples. Furthermore, the floral area derived from imagery significantly predicted pollinator populations, with a positive correlation indicating that plots with greater area of blooming flowers contained higher numbers of pollinators.
Increasing Weekend Effect in Ground-Level O3 in Metropolitan Areas of Mexico during 1988–2016
Authors: Hernández-Paniagua Iván Y. , Lopez-Farias Rodrigo , Piña-Mondragón José J. , Pichardo-Corpus Juan A. , Delgadillo-Ruiz Olivia , Flores-Torres Arnoldo , García-Reynoso Agustín , Ruiz-Suárez Luis G. , Mendoza Alberto
Published: September 2018

Here, we present an assessment of long-term trends in the O3 weekend effect (WE) occurrences and spread within the Mexico City (MCMA), Guadalajara (GMA), and Monterrey (MMA) metropolitan areas, which are the three largest metropolitan areas (MAs) of Mexico and concentrate around 33% of the total population in the country. Daytime averages and peak differences in O3 concentrations from weekdays to weekends were used as a proxy of WE occurrence. All MAs exhibited the occurrence of WE in all years at least in one monitoring site. Substantial differences in O3 daytime averages and peaks from weekdays to weekends have decreased over time in all MAs, and since 1998 and 2013 for the MCMA and GMA, respectively, higher O3 levels during weekends are typical during most of the year. The largest variations in the O3 WE were observed at downwind and urban core sites of the MCMA and GMA. Significant increasing trends (p < 0.05) in the O3 WE magnitude were observed for Sundays at all sites within the MCMA, with trends in annual averages ranging between 0.33 and 1.29 ppb O3 yr−1. Within the GMA, for Sundays, fewer sites exhibited increasing trends in the WE occurrence and at lower growth rates (0.32 and 0.48 ppb yr−1, p < 0.1) than within the MCMA, while within the MMA no apparent trends were observed in marked contrast with the MCMA and GMA. Our findings suggest that policies implemented have been successful in controlling weekday ground-level O3 within the MCMA and GMA, but further actions must be introduced to control the increases in the O3 WE magnitude and spread.
Agroforestry Standards for Regenerative Agriculture
Authors: Elevitch Craig R. , Mazaroli D. Niki , Ragone Diane
Published: September 2018

Agroforestry is increasingly being recognized as a holistic food production system that can have numerous significant environmental, economic, and social benefits. This growing recognition is paralleled in the USA by the budding interest in regenerative agriculture and motivation to certify regenerative practices. Current efforts to develop a regenerative agriculture certification offer an opportunity to consider agroforestry’s role in furthering regenerative goals. To understand this opportunity, we first examine how agroforestry practices can advance regenerative agriculture’s five core environmental concerns: soil fertility and health, water quality, biodiversity, ecosystem health, and carbon sequestration. Next, we review a subset of certification programs, standards, guidelines, and associated scientific literature to understand existing efforts to standardize agroforestry. We determine that development of an agroforestry standard alongside current efforts to certify regenerative agriculture offers an opportunity to leverage common goals and strengths of each. Additionally, we determine that there is a lack of standards with measurable criteria available for agroforestry, particularly in temperate locations. Lastly, we propose a framework and general, measurable criteria for an agroforestry standard that could potentially be implemented as a standalone standard or built into existing agriculture, forestry, or resource conservation certification programs.
Chiral Proportions of Nepheline Originating from Low-Viscosity Alkaline Melts. A Pilot Study
Authors: Hejl Ewald , Finger Friedrich
Published: September 2018

Chromatographic interaction between infiltrating solutions of racemic mixtures of enantiomers and enantiomorphic minerals with chiral excess has been proposed as a scenario for the emergence of biomolecular homochirality. Enantiomer separation is supposed to be produced by different partition coefficients of both enantiomers with regard to crystal faces or walls of capillary tubes in the enantiomorphic mineral. Besides quartz, nepheline is the only common magmatic mineral with enantiomorphic symmetry. It crystallizes from SiO2-undersaturated melts with low viscosity and is a promising candidate for chiral enrichment by autocatalytic secondary nucleation. Under liquidus conditions, the dynamic viscosity of silicate melts is mainly a function of polymerization. Melts with low concentrations of SiO2 (<55 wt%) and rather high concentrations of Na2O (>7 wt%) are only slightly polymerized and hence are characterized by low viscosities. Such melts can ascend, intrude or extrude by turbulent flow. Fourteen volcanic and subvolcanic samples from alkaline provinces in Africa and Sweden were chemically analyzed. Polished thin sections containing fresh nepheline phenocrysts were etched with 1% hydrofluoric acid at 20 °C for 15 to 25 min. Nepheline crystals suitable for a statistical evaluation of their etch figures were found in four samples. Crystals with chiral etch figures are mainly not twinned. Their chiral proportions in grain percentages of single crystals are close to parity in three samples. Only one sample shows a slight chiral excess (41.67% L-type vs. 58.33% D-type) but at a low level of significance (15 vs. 21 crystals, respectively).
Hot Dense Matter: Deconfinement and Clustering of Color Sources in Nuclear Collisions
Authors: Scharenberg Rolf P. , Srivastava Brijesh K. , Hirsch Andrew S. , Pajares Carlos
Published: September 2018

Within the first few microseconds from after the Big Bang, the hot dense matter was in the form of the Quark Gluon Plasm (QGP) consisting of free quarks and gluons. By colliding heavy nuclei at RHIC and LHC at a velocity close to the speed of light, we were able to create the primordial matter and observe the matter after expansion and cooling. In this report we present the thermodynamics and transport coefficients obtained in the framework of clustering of color sources in both hadron-hadron and nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. Multiparticle production at high energies can be described in terms of color strings stretched between the projectile and target. At high string density single strings overlap and form color sources. This addition belongs to the non-perturbative domain of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QGP) and manifests its most fundamental features. The Schwinger QED 2 mechanism produces color neutral q q ¯ pairs when color source strings break. Subsequent hardonization produces the observed hadrons. With growing energy and atomic number of the colliding nuclei the density of strings grows and more color sources form clusters in the transverse plane. At a certain critical density a macroscopic cluster appears, which marks the percolation phase transition. This is the Color String Percolation Model (CSPM). The critical density is identified as the deconfinement transition and happens at the hadronization temperature. The stochastic thermalization in p p and A-A is a consequence of the quantum tunneling through the event horizon introduced by the confining color fields, the Hawking-Unruh effect. The percolation approach within CSPM is successfully used to describe the crossover phase transition in the soft collision region. The same phenomenology when applied to both hadron-hadron and nucleus-nucleus collisions emphasizes the importance of color string density, creating a macroscopic cluster which identifies the connectivity required for a finite droplet of the QGP.
Community-Managed Water Supply Systems in Rural Uganda: The Role of Participation and Capacity Development
Authors: Etongo Daniel , Fagan G. Honor , Kabonesa Consolata , Asaba B. Richard
Published: September 2018

Over 85% of Uganda’s 34 million people depend on rural water supply systems and the current water and environment sector performance report (2017) reports an 84% functionality of rural water sources such as boreholes and shallow wells with a hand pump. Ensuring the continued operation of water points, and in keeping with participatory theory, the water user’s committees (WUCs) should also be a vehicle for empowering communities while bringing about greater equity of use. However, WUC members do not acquire the knowledge and skills they need by default but require different types of training. This study sought to evaluate community participation and capacity development in WUCs in relation to community-managed water supply systems. A shared dialogue workshop (SDW), as well as 642 randomly selected households across 17 villages in two Parishes in Lwengo district, southern Uganda were considered. Results indicated that 41.7% of surveyed households used an unprotected source while up to 30% had a member in a WUC. Fifty-two percent of households had never made any financial contributions to a WUC, while 34.6% did so on an ad hoc basis. This paper examines the relationship between participation, mobilization, and financial contributions. The chi-square test indicated mobilization has no impact on household financial contributions to a WUC. However, the majority of even those households that were mobilized made a payment only occasionally, and specifically when the source broke down. Additionally, the test result reveals that there is no difference between better off and relatively poor households in their contributions to a WUC, an indication that other factors influence such decisions. Training activities, especially on the operation and maintenance of water points and to undertake minor repairs, were mostly provided by non-governmental organizations (NGOs)/project staff. Abandoned boreholes, lack of rehabilitation activities, and loss of enthusiasm are all indications that the technical, financial, and institutional performance of community-managed water supply systems needs improvement.
Trend and Change-Point Analysis of Streamflow and Sediment Discharge of the Gongshui River in China during the Last 60 Years
Authors: Guo Li-Ping , Yu Qiang , Gao Peng , Nie Xiao-Fei , Liao Kai-Tao , Chen Xiu-Long , Hu Jian-Min , Mu Xing-Min
Published: September 2018

The Gongshui River basin exhibits one of the most serious soil erosion areas in southern China, and has always been the key control area of national soil and water conservation programs. This study used daily precipitation, streamflow, and sediment concentration data collected from 1957 to 2015 from the main hydrological stations of the Gongshui River to investigate streamflow and sediment discharge variations and their responses to precipitation and human activities. The Mann-Kendall and Pettitt’s test were used for trend and change-point detection. The double mass curve (DMC) method was employed to quantify the effects of precipitation change and human activities on hydrological regime shifts. The results showed insignificant trends of both annual precipitation and streamflow for all stations, while the sediment discharge of most stations exhibited significant decreasing trends. Change-point analyses revealed that all hydrologic stations except Mazhou had transition years. The estimation via DMC indicated that after the change point years, there was a rapid reduction in sediment discharge at Hanlinqiao, Fengkeng, Julongtan, Xiashan, and Chawu stations, but not at Mazhou, Ruijin, and Yangxinjian stations. Human activity provided a significantly greater contribution to sediment discharge than precipitation. The evidence clearly indicates that the degree and extension of conservation or destruction measures and the construction of large- and medium-sized reservoirs were the major factors significantly decreasing or increasing annual sediment discharge of the Gongshui River. This work could serve as the basis for decision making regarding river basin water resources management to estimate the effects of anthropogenic impacts on water and sediment discharge variations during the last few decades, thereby guiding adaptation and protection of the water resources of the Gongshui River flowing into the Poyang Lake.
Les grès rouges de l'Armutgôzlek Tepe : leur faune de Poissons (Antiarches Arthrodires et Crossoptérygiens) d'âge dévonien supérieur (Nappes d'Antalya, Taurides occidentales — Turquie — )
Authors: Janvier P. , Marcoux Jean
Published: September 2018

Le niveau de grès rouge à Poissons (Antiarches, Arthrodires et Crossoptérygiens) décrit ici appartient à l'une des unités occupant une position élevée dans l'édifice des Nappes d'Antalya (Nappe supérieure). Cette unité possède une série stratigra-phique paléozoïque (Ordovicien inférieur à Permien terminal) ; dont les caractéristiques permettent de la rapprocher des séries de la bordure alpine de la plateforme arabo-africaine (Syrie, Irak, Turquie du Sud-Est et "Axe calcaire du Taurus"). Cette première découverte de poissons dévoniens dans la chaîne taurique permet de prolonger à l'Ouest l'aire de répartition des faciès "Old Red Sandstone" de même âge, déjà connus en Iran.
Genèse des smectites messiniennes de Sicile, implications paléoclimatiques
Authors: Chamley Hervé , Giroud d'Argoud Ghislaine , Robert Christian M.
Published: September 2018

The clay mineralogy of Messinian sediments from several sections of Caltanissetta and Ciminna basins (Sicily) show the large extension of smectite facies in comparison with the under-and over-lying series (Tortonian, Pliocene). Messinian smectites are not related to the lithology (major and minor sequences, evaporites, tripoli, volcanic ash) and seem to be chiefly inherited from Messinian soils. Such an origin suggests a temperate-warm climate with contrasting wet and dry seasons. The rythmical character of the climate can contribute for explain the variable periodicity of Messinian deposits during the time.
La tectonique du bassin de Marseille à l'Oligocène
Authors: Guieu Gérard
Published: September 2018

The basin of Marseilles was formed on the site of a tectonic cicatrice resulting from late Eocene tangential movements. During the tangential tectonics, the jurassic and cretaceous layers has been strain torn at the back boundary of the over-thrusting mass of the Etoile mountain. Thus bared, the Triassic was in numerous points directly underlaid by oligocene deposits.

The filling of the basin consists of about 1.000 m thick continental sequence, with a detrital and lacustrine unit in the lower part, and coarse clastics in the upper part.

The tectogenesis of Marseilles' basin went on all over the oligocene period. Deformations of the bottom and of the edges, underlined by lacunas and ravinements, have alterned with subsident sedimentation episods.

The different stages of the tectonic units of the edges are assigned to several periods of the Oligocene. The whole evolution has been synthetised by retrotectonic profiles and paleogeographic sketches. These reconstitutions show that the Marseilles' basin area has been progressively reduced consequently to the up-rising of some of its edges during the middle Oligocene.

We also debate over the standing idea according to which the Marseilles' basin is a downdropped structure. It would be necessary to assume a 4.000 m subsidence which isuncompa-tible with its smalless and presence of Triassic and Permian lying shallow directly at the center of the basin and on its edges.

The sinking of the bottom under the pressure of very shallow water deposits cannot account for the indisputable subsidence. That one has been initiated by the void corresponding to a missing mesozoic formation. We find again these layers in Etoile overthrust, wich is a tectonic unit displaced on about 15 km to the North in comparison with Arc basin.

The tectonic cicatrice has evolved into synclinal depression under the influence of successive stresses. Important faults which occur all along the subsidence don't thus result from a passive sinking of the basin. Marseilles' basin area has been progressively reduced conse¬ quently to the up-rising of some of its edges during the middle Oligocene.

We also debate over the standing idea according to which the Marseilles' basin is a downdropped structure. It would be necessary to assume a 4.000 m subsidence which isuncompa-tible with its smalless and presence of Triassic and Permian lying shallow directly at the center of the basin and on its edges.

The sinking of the bottom under the pressure of very shallow water deposits cannot account for the indisputable subsidence. That one has been initiated by the void corres¬ ponding to a missing mesozoic formation. We find again these layers in Etoile overthrust, wich is a tectonic unit dis¬ placed on about 15 km to the North in comparison with Arc basin.

The tectonic cicatrice has evolved into synclinal depression under the influence of successive stresses. Important faults which occur all along the subsidence don't thus result from a passive sinking of the basin.
Stratigraphie du Cénomanien littoral de la marge Sud-Ouest du Bassin de Paris. L'exemple du sondage de Loudun
Authors: Damotte Renée Rivière , Durand Stéphane , Louail Jacques , Bellier Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2018

The study of a core, drilled near the town of Loudun (Vienne) has allowed the authors to follow the variations of micropaléontological association (Foraminifera, Ostracoda, Palynology) all along the Cenomanian succession of the Southwest part of the Paris Basin. The authors discuss the use of the microorganisms for stratigraphical subdivisions of the Cenomanian and for regional paleogeographical reconstructions.
Les Dyrosauridae (Crocodylia, Mesosuchia) des phosphates de l'Eocène inférieur de Tunisie : Dyrosaurus, Rhabdognatus, Phospliatosaurus
Authors: Buffetaut Éric
Published: September 2018

A revision of the crocodilians from the early Eocene (Ypresian) phosphates of southern Tunisia shows that they all belong to the family Dyrosauridae. Dyrosaurus choumowitchi Bergounioux and D. berneti Bergounioux are shown to be junior synonyms of D. phosphaticus (Thomas), while D. variabilis Bergounioux is considered as a nomen dubium. «Rhabdosaurus» acutirostris Bergounioux is referred to the genus Rhabdognathus Swinton. Phosphatosaurus gavialoides Bergounioux is a large dyrosaurid with a massive skull and a crushing dentition ; its cranial anatomy is described in detail. Dyrosaurus phosphaticus was doubtless a fish-eating form, as also possibly Rhabdognathus acutirostris, while Phosphatosaurus gavialoides may have fed on turtles.
L'Aquitanien du Cap Janet : jalon oriental de la transgression néogène
Authors: Colomb Emile , Anglada Roger , Catzigras France , Chateauneuf Jean-Jacques , Nury Denise
Published: September 2018

L'association faunistique trouvée dans les assises du Cap Janet montre le caractère précoce de la transgression néogène (Aquitanian) in this western part of the "Bassin de Marseille", Marseille et les nombreuses possibilités de corrélations biostratigraphiques offertes par la côte provençale.
Le passage Jurassique — Crétacé et le Crétacé inférieur de la région de Ghazir (Liban central)
Authors: Saint-Marc Pierre
Published: September 2018

The stratigraphie study of the late Jurassic and early Cretaceous of the Ghazfr area (N Beirut), completed by a detailed geological survey, precises the knowledge of these strata in central Lebanon. It appears that the Jurassic vulcanism, following a thick carbonate deposition and preceding the uplift of the Lebanon Mountains, begins in the Lower Kimmeridgian. The early Cretaceous of which the basal beds rest unconforma-bly on the latest Jurassic strata is characterized by a transgressive marine phase from ? Barremian to late Lower Aptian and by a regressive phase during the Upper Aptian.