bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Relations’ Nomological Machines: The Neo-Neo Synthesis’s Tale of Law-Like Explanations
Authors: Lenine Enzo , Lyra Mariana
Published: January 2024

Objective/context: This article introduces debates on Nancy Cartwright’s concept of nomological machines applied to international relations theory. What the neo-neo synthesis claims as the essence of the international system is a set of conditions imposed upon international phenomena for the latter to fit into the theories themselves. It argues that the law-like explanations tailored by neorealism and neoliberalism are by no means a representation of the world as it is, but rather a predication of the world as these theories want it to be. Methodology: It critically reviews the foundations of neo-neo theories, suggesting a philosophical methodology by reframing the ontological terms of neorealism and neoliberalism based on the concept of nomological machines. Conclusions: This article contends that neo-neo theories could benefit from a capacities-oriented approach, which offers a less categorical understanding of how explanations of international phenomena are tailored, allowing alternative principles to provide invaluable insights about the international system. Originality: This paper innovates by intersecting the ideas of nomological machines with the metatheoretical debate on international relations, thus enabling theoretical improvement.
Influence of defect in perovskite solar cell materials on device performance and stability
Authors: Wang Jing , Gao Shan , Duan Xiang-Mei , Yin Wan-Jian ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,   College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS(SIEMIS), Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
Published: January 2024

Perovskite solar cell material becomes one of the most attractive light absorbing materials in the photovolatic field due toits unique photoelectric characteristics, especially the rapid improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency in the initial short period of time. However, in recent years, the growth of conversion efficiency has entered a slow stage, posing a challenge for subsequent development. In addition, the long-time stability of material has become a key barrier to widespread commerical applications. The emergence of these problems is closely related to the inevitable defects in the material in preparation process, because defect is usually regarded as one of the key factors hindering the improvement of photovolatic performance and materical stability. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the inherent defects of material is essential to improve cell efficiency and maintain long-time structural stability. In this paper, the effects of defects in perovskite material on photovolatic performance and stability are discussed in many aspects, including the traditional rigid defects, unconventional defects, complex defects, and ion migration. Second, this work also delves into how defects affect carrier lifetime and highlights their role in determining the overall cell performance. Such insights are very important in designing effective strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of defects on material performance and stability. Finally, we discuss the complex relationship between defects and structural stability, and recognize that the defects are a key factor affecting the long-term robustness of perovskite solar cells. The understanding of the mechanism behind the focus problems will help researchers achieve new ideas to improve the efficiency and duraibility of perovskite solar cell technology. Overall, this review not only provides the current state of knowledge on defects in perovskite materials, but also illustrates further research directions. By revealing the complex interplay between defects, photovoltaic performance and structural stability, researchers can find a way to break through the current limitations and realize the potential value of perovskite solar cell technology in the commercial applications. Thiswork aims to spark an in-depth discussion of this issue and further explore and innovate in this promising field.
Humour as an advertising resource: memes at the service of brands
Authors: González-Aguilar Juan Manuel , Feijoo Beatriz , Caluori Romina
Published: January 2024

In this study, we investigated the phenomenon of memes generated based on user-generated content (UGC) discourse about the Japanese electronic brand Casio. We collected 150 memes from various platforms and applied a quantitative content analysis methodology to determine the main characteristics of the memes. Additionally, we employed statistical techniques to identify patterns and relationships among the variables studied. The results revealed that user-generated content could be interpreted as an unintentional advertising strategy for the Casio brand. We observed significant similarities in the structure and themes of the memes, indicating a mutual influence among users. Furthermore, we found that mentioning the brand in one of Shakira’s songs significantly impacted the meme generation. These findings emphasise the importance of understanding and harnessing the unintentional advertising potential that arises from the interaction between popular culture and brands.
A Guide to People Management Practices Focused on the Circular Economy: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Gennaro Caroline Kühl , Simon Alexandre Tadeu , Lima Carlos Roberto Camello
Published: January 2024

Aims: The training and development of people is essential for the companies that want to adopt the Circular Economy, but little has been objectively discussed in the literature on the subject, leaving several gaps for research. Then, the main goal of this study is to identify the people management practices organizations must adopt for the circular economy to happen in their processes and businesses.

Study Design: Literature review and analytical assessment.

Place and Duration of Study: Estate of São Paulo, Brazil, companies, experts, and general literature, between June 2019 and July 2020.

Methodology: The study used a theoretical approach to people management practices in the general context as well as in the context of the Circular Economy. Then, a subjective analysis of the interpretation was performed to find correspondence between standard requirements and Circular Economy practices. Finally, a conceptual model was created.

Results: The Circular Economy was characterized as sustainable development, justifying the need for human resource management to be oriented toward the Circular Economy. It was shown that 20% of articles in the literature address the need for people management oriented towards the circular economy. The relationship of the thirty-one identified practices with the standard requirements was divided into four dimensions: Organizational Culture; People Development; Leadership; and Team Development. A conceptual model was built based on the identified practices and classified into the four dimensions.

Conclusion: The leading practices that best contribute to the Circular Economy context are divided into four dimensions and are recommended to be adopted for the successful transition to the Circular Economy. This research contributes to the human resources management in organizations transitioning to a Circular Economy and fills a gap in the development of people for such transition. Academically, it presents a contribution to the studies of people management in the context of Circular Economy for the changing organizations.
Market Efficiency and Price Spread in Jaipur District, India
Authors: Sharma K. B. , Tiwari Kuldeep , Jain Priyanka
Published: January 2024

“Price  spread  or farm  retail spread”  is  the  difference  between  the price paid by the consumers and the price received by the producer for an equivalent  quantity  of  farm  produce.  Sometime, this is called as gross marketing margin. The  marketing  margin  refers  to  the difference  between  the  price received  by  seller  at  a  particular  stage  of  marketing  and  the  price  paid by him at preceding stage of marketing during an earlier period. The  producer’s  net  share,  total  marketing  costs,  total  marketing margins,  consumer’s  price  and  price  spread  in  channel-III  are  given in Table 3. Table 3 reveals that, out of price of Rs 5765.00 per quintal paid by consumer,  chickpea  producer  got Rs 5102.00  per  quintal  which  accounted for  88.50  percent  share.  The  share  of  marketing  costs  paid  by  chickpea-producer, wholesaler-cum-commission agent  and  retailer  was  1.37,  2.05 and 0.49 percent of total consumer’s price, respectively. Total share of wholesaler-cum-commission agent was highest followed by chickpea-producer and retailer. Thus, total share of marketing cost of intermediaries in consumer’s price was 3.90 percent Agarwal et al 2015, Hazari et al. 2015.  Total  margin  earned  by middlemen, wholesaler-cum-commission agent and retailers was 5.60 and 1.94  percent  of  price  paid  by  consumer.  Wholesaler earned more as compare to retailer. So, total share of   market   intermediaries in consumer’s price was 7.55 percent.  Price spread in channel –I was Rs 660.00 per quintal which was 11.45 percent of consumer’s price Chavhal et al. 2014, Khorne 2014, Bondare et al .2014 and Kumar 2014.
Learning Media Development Photovoltaic (PV) Integration Data Communication Scalable Model with Internet of things (IoT)-Assisted Monitoring
Authors: Asmara Bambang Panji , Patang  , Purnamawati
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to create educational materials for Data Communication by combining photovoltaic (PV) technology with a scalable model and monitoring through the Internet of Things (IoT). The research assessed the feasibility of implementing photovoltaic integration and a scalable model to determine the energy usage level. Additionally, it developed a learning aid product (media trainer) that is valid, practical, and effective for learning, using IoT-assisted monitoring for data communication.

The focus of this study is on students who are using Network and Data Communication studying in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Gorontalo State University. The research will utilize media trainers as educational tools for learning purposes. The research methodology employed in this study involves the stages and steps outlined in the ADDIE development model. The validation of the product's quality feasibility has been conducted by a team of expert validators through the use of focus group discussions (FGDs). Using a methodology that involves analyzing data using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that the trainer media was deemed highly valid by a team of expert assessors, with an average total score of 3.82. Additionally, the formative assessment of the trainer media users yielded a score of 3.64, which was interpreted as highly practical. The results effectively demonstrated the difference in learning outcomes before and after using the product.
Influence of Parental Educational Levels on Children’s Hard Skills Development
Authors: Careemdeen Jalal Deen
Published: January 2024

Aims: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the intricate connection between parental educational levels and the development of hard skills among secondary school children in Sri Lanka. Specifically, the study aims to explore the disparities in hard skills based on both fathers' and mothers' highest educational levels, considering the nuanced interplay between these factors

Study Design:  The research employs a Two-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to examine the relationships between parental educational levels and hard skills development in secondary school children. The study utilizes a sample of 1350 participants, selected through stratified random sampling to ensure a diverse socioeconomic representation. The research design incorporates a structured questionnaire, validated for reliability, to assess students' perceptions of the enhancement of hard skills and socioeconomic status. The study is conducted in secondary schools across Sri Lanka. The duration of data collection spans a specified period to ensure comprehensive insights into the nuanced relationship between parental education and hard skills development among students.

Methodology: The research methodology involves administering a structured questionnaire to the selected sample, probing into students' perceptions of hard skills development and their socioeconomic backgrounds. Two-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) is employed to analyze the data, allowing for a detailed examination of disparities in hard skills based on both fathers' and mothers' highest educational levels.

Results: The findings reveal significant differences in students' hard skills based on the educational level of fathers, with those having tertiary-educated fathers exhibiting the highest mean scores. Surprisingly, the mother's highest education level does not yield significant differences in hard skills. Importantly, a significant interaction is observed between fathers' and mothers' educational levels, emphasizing their joint influence on students' educational well-being and the enhancement of hard skills.

Conclusion: This study underscores the crucial role of both parents' educational backgrounds in shaping the development of hard skills among secondary school children in Sri Lanka.
Efficacy of Formative Assessment Practices in Social Studies Instructions: A Case Study of Holy Child College of Education in Ghana
Authors: Bordoh Anthony
Published: January 2024

Assessment has become the foundation of all levels of education. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of formative assessment practices in Social Studies instructions at Holy Child College of Education in the Western Region of Ghana. A qualitative approach and a case study research design were adopted for this study. The case study focused on the teacher-trainee's views and roles of formative assessment in the teaching and learning process in Social Studies lessons. The population for this study included all seventy-five (75) final-year teacher-trainees offering a general programme for a Bachelor of Education in Social Studies in the Holy Child College of Education in the Western Region of Ghana. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to select the College of Education and participants for the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to sample the college and municipality in the Western Region. Twenty (20) teacher trainees on teaching practice were conveniently sampled for the study. A semi-structured interview guide was the main tool used in data collection. The data was analysed using the interpretative technique based on the themes arrived at during the data collection. It was revealed that assessment for learning is a gradual engagement that takes place endlessly throughout ongoing classroom learning activities to offer immediate feedback for assessors and assesses to close the gap identified in the ongoing learning situation. Therefore, mentoring institutions like the University of Education, Winneba, University of Cape Coast and others should collaborate with the Ghana Teacher Education Commission to organise continuous professional development for colleges of education teachers on efficacy and implementation of formative assessment.
The Impact/Role of Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesia: Remote Pre-Operative Assessment and Perioperative
Authors: Kazmi Sayed Athar Hussain
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence is a thriving field in the modern world today. Almost every other operation in today’s world is being integrated with the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Artificial Intelligence does not only include the automation of conventional processes, but also includes the introduction of several new programs and interactions that help make work easier for everyone.

The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into the realm of anesthesia, particularly in remote pre-operative assessment and perioperative care, brings forth a nuanced landscape of advantages and challenges. On the positive side, AI demonstrates remarkable efficiency and precision in the preoperative phase, rapidly analyzing extensive datasets to offer accurate insights into patient health and potential risks. Its expertise in predicting and struggling through anesthesia-related risks stands out, aiding healthcare professionals in anticipating challenges and allowing for personalized interventions. The capability to tailor anesthesia plans based on individual patient characteristics further adds a layer of sophistication, potentially optimizing administration and improving overall outcomes. In perioperative care, AI’s remote monitoring capabilities provide real-time insights into vital signs and potential complications, enabling patient safety through prompt responses. Additionally, AI serves as a valuable decision support system, offering recommendations and additional information for more informed decision-making.

This article shall review the scope of artificial intelligence within the field of anesthesia and would reflect upon how it has helped people living in remote areas access better healthcare facilities through its proposition.
Panel Vector Autoregressive Modeling of Macroeconomic Interaction in Nigeria, Ghana and Cameroon
Authors: Nwanneako Sabinus Nnamdi , Essi Isaac Didi , Tuaneh Godwin Lebari , Davies Iyai
Published: January 2024

Aims: The aim of this study is to apply Panel VAR (Vector Autoregressive) modeling and estimation to analyze the macroeconomic interaction and interdependence within the context of Nigeria, Ghana, and Cameroon. The study aims to understand the trends of key macroeconomic variables, namely gross domestic product (GDP), exchange rate, and foreign reserves.

Methodology: The study adopted three macroeconomic variables—GDP, exchange rate, and foreign reserve—and utilized annual secondary data from the World Bank spanning from 1960 to 2022. Pretests, including unit root and cointegration tests, were conducted on the variables. The panel unit root tests (Levin, Lin, and Chu t, Augmented Dickey-Fuller Fisher Chi-Square, and Phillips-Perron Fisher Chi-Square) indicated that the series had unit roots at levels but were stationary at first difference, implying integration of order one. The absence of co-integration in the panel co-integration test established the necessary conditions for estimating a panel vector autoregressive model.

Results: The trend analysis revealed that the variables were relatively low in the 1960s and 1970s but exhibited an increasing and fluctuating pattern afterward. Descriptive statistics showed variations among the countries, with Cameroon having higher GDP per capita and greater standard deviation, indicating more significant fluctuations. Ghana, in contrast, displayed lower per capita income with a lower standard deviation. The foreign exchange rate varied, with Cameroon having the highest and Ghana the lowest mean rates.Conclusion: The fixed effect model was estimated after the Hausman Test rejected the random effect model. The results indicated that foreign exchange rates had joint significance on GDP per capita, while foreign reserves did not. The study concludes that the economies of Nigeria, Ghana, and Cameroon are responsive to GDP per capita, foreign exchange rates, and foreign reserves. The policy implication is that economic practitioners in these countries should closely monitor these variables to anticipate changes in economic indicators. Therefore, the study recommends active monitoring of the economic variables used in this research to facilitate informed decision-making.
Effect of Foliar Application of Various Concentrations of NAA and GA3 on Fruiting, Yield and Quality Attributes of Ber cv. Banarasi Karaka, India
Authors: Priya Sheel , Dwivedi A. K. , Tripathi V. K. , Verma Somendra
Published: January 2024

To study the effect of foliar application of different concentrations of NAA and GA3 on fruiting, yield and quality of ber, an investigation was carried out in the Garden, Department of Fruit Science, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during the year 2021-22 on ber cv. Banarasi Karaka. Results of the investigation revealed that the significantly main effect among the spray of various concentrations of NAA 30 ppm results, maximum number of fruit set (165.50), minimum fruit drop (85.15%), maximum fruit retention (14.45%), fruit weight (18.32g), yield (44.02 kg/tree), volume (16.17cc), length (4.36cm), diameter (2.56cm), pulp weight (16.12g), total soluble solids (15.480Brix) and total sugars (10.32%) against control (water) treatment. Spray with various concentrations of GA3 showed significant results, having maximized number of fruit sets (160.00), minimum fruit drop (89.16%), maximum fruit retention (10.16%), weight (15.95g), yield (36.78kg/tree), volume (16.17cc), length (4.36cm), diameter (2.56cm), pulp weight (16.12g), total soluble solids (15.480Brix) and total sugars (10.32%) were recorded with spray of 30ppm GA3 against control (water spray) treatment. Interaction effect among various concentration of NAA and GA3 has significantly maximized with fruit retention (16.24%), volume (16.70cc), length (4.47cm), diameter (2.61cm), pulp weight (17.55g) and total sugars (10.59%), while non-significantly results showed highest number of fruit set (167.00), minimum fruit drop (83.76%), maximum fruit weight (19.40g), fruit yield (45.70 kg/tree) and total soluble solids (16.620Brix) with application of NAA and GA3 @ 30ppm against control (water spray) treatment. This study revealed that for realizing higher fruiting, fruit yield and quality of ber plants should be spread with GA3 and NAA @ 30ppm under north Indian plains of Uttar Pradesh.
Identification of Constraints in Poultry Farming in Reasi District of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Lal Banarsi , Azad M. S.
Published: January 2024

Poultry farming plays an important role in the livelihood for the farmers of hilly areas of Jammu & Kashmir. The hilly area farmers face a lot of constraints in poultry farming which affect their poultry birds productivity.   Poultry farming is an important occupation in Reasi district of J&K. To identify the constraints involved in poultry farming by the farmers residing in hilly areas, the   present study was conducted in the hilly district Reasi of Jammu and Kashmir which was selected purposively.   A sample of 120 poultry farmers was selected from the selected villages. The major constraints identified were lack of lack of poultry feed in some months of the year, high disease incidence and a lack of improved strains of poultry. The majority of poultry farmers opined that there is a need to encourage the farmers to grow Azolla specially in off-season, a need of subsidy of poultry feed, awareness-cum training on poultry farming and market channel for the sale of products(eggs and meat) for  better remunerative prices for the meat and eggs.
Antibiotic Sensitivity of Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Subclinical Mastitis of Dairy Cows in the Poro Region of the Ivory Cost
Authors: Kouaho F. H. , Toure A. , Gouro A. S. , Hulea A. , Gragnon G. B. , Herman V.
Published: January 2024

Subclinical mastitis is the most considered pathology in dairy farming and is responsible for economic losses in cows. The condition remains asymptomatic in dairy cows and treatment is mainly done without laboratory analysis. The objective of this work is to research bacterial causes of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and to study their sensitivity to certain antibiotics. Thus, this study was carried out in four departments (Korhogo, Sinématiali, Dikodougou and M'bengué) in the Poro region (Ivory Coast) from May to August 2022 in traditional farms on 288 neighborhood milk samples taken from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. The milk samples were analyzed using standard bacteriological isolation and identification techniques. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated on Baird-Parker potassium tellurite agar and mixed with egg yolk, Klebsiella spp isolated on MacConkey agar, Escherichia coli isolated on MacConkey, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated on TSA and King A agar, Micrococcus spp isolated on Chapman agar; then incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours. The identification of bacteria was carried out by standard methods (appearance of colonies, Gram staining, catalase test, coagula-associated oxidase test, etc.). The biochemical characteristics were studied using the API Bio Mérieux galleries (API Staph and API20E etc.) The sensitivity of the main germs isolated was tested against ten (10) antimicrobials including those used in the treatment of mastitis by veterinary clinicians in the region. from Poro.The bacteriological analysis were identified 43% of Gram-positive cocci in minority, with particulary 18% of Staphylococcus aureus. In majority, Gram-negative bacilli were detected at 57% with particulary 38% of Enterobacteria (Klebsiella spp and Escherichia coli). The antibiogram showed excellent sensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus to Gentamycin 100%, good sensitivity to chloramphenicol and neomycin at 90% then acceptable sensitivity to the Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole combination, to cefalexin of 80%. The coagulase negative staphylococcus (SCN) group revealed good sensitivity to Cefalexin and Gentamicin of (87.5%) and acceptable sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, Neomycin of (75%) each. On the other hand, Enterobacteria showed excellent resistance to Ampicillin, Spiramycin and Penicillin 100% and acceptable resistance to Gentamycin (95.84%). Remarkable resistance has been observed on the following antibiotics : Ampicillin, Penicillin and Colistin. This remarkable resistance was noted in Staphylococci (100% for Staphylococcus aureus and 87.5% for SCN) and Enterobacteria. Given these results, suggestions were made for the treatment and prevention of subclinical mastitis on farms in the Poro region (northern Ivory Coast).
Heterosis Exploration in Single-Cross Inbred Line Combinations of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Reddy Mudamala Syam Kishore , Delvadiya I. R.
Published: January 2024

This study evaluates 56 crosses generated through the Line × Tester mating pattern using seeds collected during the kharif season of 2022 from the Post Graduation research Farm at Lovely Professional University (LPU), Punjab's Post Graduate Research Farm during the 2022 kharif season. In addition to the hybrids, fifteen parent lines and one check were grown. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications in the 2023 kharif season. Significant disparities between the entries were found by analyzing the mean squares for 11 attributes. Out of all the crosses, the hybrid BPPT1 x BML20 showed the greatest standard heterosis; BML6 x BML3 ranked second in terms of grain yield per plant. Crucially, these hybrids showed noteworthy and desired standard heterosis for other characteristics as well as grain production, suggesting that they might lead to improved overall performance. Using heterosis in maize might result in better cross combinations, meeting the increasing demand for the grain due to its bioactive qualities. The results of this study can help breeders create robust and high yielding varieties of maize, promoting sustainable agriculture and guaranteeing food security in the face of changing environmental issues. The findings of this research can guide breeders in developing high yielding and resilient maize varieties, contributing to sustainable agriculture, and ensuring food security in the face of evolving environmental challenges.
Yield Maximization of Bt Cotton Through Agro-techniques
Authors: Gohil V. B. , Patel D. M. , Chaudhary M. M. , Gohil N. B. , Patel J. R.
Published: January 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the two consecutive kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, to study the yield maximization of Bt cotton through agro-techniques in loamy sand. The experiment consisted of four factors viz; spacing, topping, intercropping and sowing time with two levels in each treatment. The results of pooled data of 2 years revealed that Bt cotton sown at spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm recorded significantly higher plant height, crop growth rate as well as seed cotton and stalk yields, seed cotton equivalent yield, oil yield while significantly higher number of sympodial branches per plant, relative growth rate, number of brusted bolls per plant, weight of seed cotton per boll and seed cotton yield per plant with wider spacing of 120 cm × 60 cm. Topping carried out at 75 DAS remarkably improved growth and yield attributes, seed cotton and stalk yields, seed cotton equivalent yield, oil yield. All growth and yield attributes as well as seed cotton yield were recorded significantly higher without intercrop in Bt cotton. Though intercropping of greengram (additive series) in Bt cotton produced significantly higher seed cotton equivalent yield than no intercropping in pooled mean. Advance sowing of Bt. cotton on last week of May significantly produced significantly higher seed cotton yield and seed cotton equivalent S1T2I2D1 [Advance sowing (Last week of May) at plant spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm along with topping at 75 DAS and intercropping with greengram] gave significantly higher seed cotton equivalent yield as well as net returns and B: C ratio of Bt. cotton.
Effect of Fortified Humic Acid on Total Uptake of Primary Nutrients (NPK) by Mangalore Cucumber and NPK Status in Postharvest Soil
Authors: Jyothishree K. L. , Prakash S. S. , Suma R. , Shekar B. G. , Prakasha H. C. , Muthuraju R.
Published: January 2024

Field experiment was conducted from December (2022) to March (2023) at College of Agriculture, V. C. Farm. Mandya to study the effect of minerals (Ca, Fe and Zn) fortified humic acid on totalmajor nutrient (N P K) uptake by Mangalore cucumber and NPK status of soil after harvest of Mangalore cucumber. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with fifteen treatments, which involves foliar spray of humic acid (T3), fortified humic acid (T4 to T7) and inorganic salts (T8 to T11) at 30 and 45 DAS and soil application of fortified humic acid (T8 to T11) at the time of sowing. The data unveiled that foliar application of Ca, Fe and Zn (each @ 50 ppm) fortified humic acid @ 0.25 % (T7) at 30 and 45 DAS recorded significantly higher total uptake of nitrogen (53.89 kg ha-1), phosphorus (17.59 kg ha-1) and potassium (58.40 kg ha-1).Lowest available N, P2O5 and K2O status in soil after harvest of Mangalore cucumber has been noticed in absolute control 204.42 kg ha-1), 27.27 kg ha-1 and 204.65 kg ha-1, respectively and it was followed by treatment T7 which recorded available N, P2O5 and K2O status of 207.48, 49.87 and231.17 kg ha-1, respectively. The results suggested that two foliar spray of Ca + Fe + Zn fortified HA at 30 and 45 DAS along with PoP resulted in higher NPK uptake by Mangalore cucumber.
In-vitro Evaluation of Fungicides and Botanicals against Uromyces ciceris arietini Inciting Chickpea Rust Disease
Authors: Mukund Dawale , Narute T. K. , Sarnobat D. H. , Thakare Sirisha , Navale A. M.
Published: January 2024

Chickpea, commonly known as gram is one of the important pulse crops in India. The crop faces numerous disease attacks, resulting in losses to both quality and quantity. Among the diseases, rust caused by Uromyces ciceris arietinum, is a sporadic disease of chickpea. Considering the notoriority of disease A study was conducted at department of plant Pathology and Agril Microbiology, PGI MPKV, Rahuri during 2021-22 which aimed to assess the efficacy of fungicides against the pathogen causing rust disease under in vitro conditions. Among five fungicides, Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% w/w WG and Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% w/w SC were found cent per cent effective against U. ciceris arietini, which completely inhibited uredospore germination at all three concentrations, viz. 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm. However, Propiconazole 25% EC, Tebuconazole 25% EC and Hexaconazole 5% SC were found cent per cent effective against test pathogen only at 500 ppm. Among botanicals, Azadirachtin and Pongamia oil showed effective treatments to some extent. Maximum uredospore germination (63%) was recorded in control (Tap water).
Application of Activated Rice Husk for Adsorptive Bleaching of Groundnut Oil: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Andrea Dallacoasta Iyayosa , Abdulsalam Abdullahi , Aboje Alechenu Audu , Azeez Oluwatosin Sarafa
Published: January 2024

Kinetic, equilibrium and, thermodynamic studies of the bleaching of crude groundnut oil at optimized conditions were carried out using activated rice husk as an adsorbent for the bleaching process. The efficiency of bleaching was estimated by measuring the absorbance using a double- beam spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 450nm. The effects of adsorbent dosage, bleaching temperature and, contact time on the bleaching efficiency were studied. A directly proportional relationship was found between dosage and contact time and the bleaching efficiency while a bell curve was discovered for temperature increase. The surface area of the rice husk increased from

150.32 to 1450.32 m2/g while the pore volume decreased from 0.15524 to 0.12844 cm3/g after activation which was determined via a Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis and the results further validated by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images obtained. The kinetic data of the bleaching process were best described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model while the equilibrium adsorption isotherm analysis showed that the results from the Temkin isotherm were the most significant. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorptive bleaching process is feasible, spontaneous and, exothermic with a decrease in entropy. The enthalpy value also showed that the adsorption process is predominantly physisorption. This study has revealed that an effective adsorbent can be produced from rice husks under optimized process conditions.
Numerical Analysis Study on Seismic Performance of Semi-Rigid Steel Frame Infilled with Prefabricated Composite Wall Panels
Authors: Wu Tao , Zhang Zongmin
Published: January 2024

The semi-rigid connected steel frame has good displacement ductility and energy dissipation capacity, and the interaction between the traditional steel frame and the filled wall is the critical factor affecting its seismic performance. In this paper, for the semi-rigid steel frame, the composite wall panel and the frame are separated by foam concrete mortar, and the effective connection is achieved by the tensioned steel bar. The premature brittle failure of composite wall panels can be prevented using friction energy dissipation between wall panels. By using ABAQUS simulation method, a semi-rigid steel frame composite wall is established. The failure mode, hysteresis curve and skeleton curve of simulation and test are compared and analyzed, and the reliability of the model is proved. The finite element model with the different number of wall panels is established to analyze its influence on the seismic performance of the structure. The results show that the frame structure realizes the effective connection between the composite wall panel and the concrete-filled steel tube frame, which jointly resists the earthquake action and reduces the damage of the earthquake action to the filled wall. With the increase in the number of composite wall panels, the ultimate load decreases gradually. The initial stiffness of the four layers of wall panels is more significant and decreases rapidly. When the wall panel has three or four layers, the energy dissipation capacity of the specimen is the strongest. The two are relatively close, stable at 24.48, and the increase is 5.15% compared with the second layer of the wall panel, and the increase is 12.72% compared with the third layer of the wall panel.
Organic Hydrofluoro‐Olefins (HFOs) and Hydrochlorofluoro‐Olefins (HCFOs)
Authors: Glatt Christine M. , Mukhi Sandeep , Sodani Kamlesh
Published: January 2024

Refrigerants that were generally toxic and flammable in the early 1900s were eventually replaced with chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the early 1930s. Since then, they have undergone significant evolution, mostly driven by regulatory actions. The evolution pattern involves an initial phaseout of CFCs to hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) followed by hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and finally to the current products which include a double bond in their structure and are referred to as hydrofluoro‐olefins (HFOs) and hydrochlorofluoro‐olefins (HCFOs); the term hydro(chloro)fluoro‐olefins (H(C)FOs) is employed when referring to both HFOs and HCFOs. These chemicals were/are also used as foam‐blowing agents, solvents, and propellants. Unlike HFCs and HCFCs, which are saturated organic compounds, H(C)FOs are unsaturated organic compounds (olefins or alkenes) and are composed of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon (HFOs), or hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon (HCFOs). The evolution of these products has mostly been driven by regulatory actions that were aimed at addressing their environmental impact. Initial scrutiny was placed on their stratospheric ozone depletion effects and later on their impact on global warming. H(C)FOs are generally categorized as having zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low global warming potential (GWP) and are considered more environmentally friendly, making them suitable substitutes for CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs. The H(C)FOs reviewed in this chapter have relatively low toxicity and do not pose any health concerns for humans or the environment under normal use conditions. Toxicity datasets for a select number of substances have been reviewed by external scientific committees such as WEEL and ASHRAE as well as various regulatory bodies. Toxicological summaries of five representative commercial H(C)FOs are described in this chapter.
Controlled Sequential Assembly of DNA Nanoparticles Inside Cells Enabling Mitochondrial Interference
Authors: Yuan Meihe , Dong Yuhang , Lv Zhaoyue , Liu Jinqiao , Liu Mingxing , Xu Mengdi , Guo Xiaocui , Yao Chi , Yang Dayong
Published: January 2024

Developing artificial material systems to rationally interfere with organelles is emerging as a promising route to regulate the behaviors and fate of cells, thus providing new therapeutic strategies. Herein, a DNA nanoparticles (DNPs)‐based material system is reported, which achieves controlled sequential assembly inside cells, and realizes specific interference toward mitochondria. Two types of DNPs are synthesized via radical polymerization, followed with cascade hybridization chain reaction of hairpin DNA with Cyanine5 (Cy5) for mitochondrial targeting, and with complementary sequences for base pairing, respectively. DNPs with Cy5 (Cy5‐DNPs) first entered cells to target mitochondria, and the other DNPs with complementary sequences entered cells after an interval to sequentially assemble with Cy5‐DNPs into aggregates via base pairing. Mitochondrial interference is achieved, including increased reactive oxygen species, decreased membrane potential, abnormal elevation of Ca2+ level, decreased adenosine triphosphate, and attenuated cellular migration rate. In particular, by regulating the intervals of two types of DNPs entering cells, the mitochondrial interference degree is controllably modulated. This work achieves regulated organelles interference via the precise controlled self‐assembly of DNA nanostructures inside cells, which is envisioned to have great potential in precision biomedicine.
General Synthesis of Graphene/Metal Oxide Heterostructures for Enhanced Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Liu Wenjie , An Yabin , Zhang Xiong , Wang Lei , Li Chen , Xu Yanan , Zhang Xudong , Li Shani , Yi Sha , Gong Yue , Sun Xianzhong , Wang Kai , Ma Yanwei
Published: January 2024

Graphene/metal oxide (rGO/MOx) heterostructures hold great promise for energy storage, yet a full understanding of their synthesis remains elusive. Herein, a general, efficient, and scalable synthesis strategy is designed for the preparation of various rGO/MOx heterostructure materials featuring robust interfacial interactions. The heterogeneous nucleation growth mechanism of metal oxides on graphene is elucidated through ex situ characterization and theoretical simulation. The surface of graphene oxide (GO) is enriched with reactive oxygen‐containing functional groups, serving as potent nucleation sites that facilitate the rapid and heterogeneous nucleation of MOx grains. Simultaneously, a stable interface (C−O−M bond) is in situ formed between graphene and adsorbed metal ions during heat treatment, producing rGO/MOx heterostructure materials. Notably, the resultant rGO/CoO heterostructure material is employed as an anode and LiCoO2 as a cathode to assemble a soft packaging quasi‐solid‐state battery, which has demonstrated an impressive energy density of 341.4 Wh kg−1 and maintains outstanding capacity retention at 93.4% after 300 cycles at a 1C current. These findings provide valuable insights into the preparation and potential applications of rGO/MOx heterostructure materials for energy storage.
An Efficient Bias‐Free Si Photocathode Coupled BiVO4‐Triethanolamine Photoelectrochemical Fuel Cell for Simultaneous Pollutant Treatment and Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wang Zhaoqi , Liu Xiaolei , Mao Yuyin , Zhang Haipeng , Wang Peng , Zheng Zhaoke , Liu Yuanyuan , Dai Ying , Cheng Hefeng , Wang Zeyan , Huang Baibiao
Published: January 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) fuel cells that enable organic pollutants degradation while generating H2 are regarded as a viable approach in addressing global energy and environmental issues. Herein, an efficient PEC fuel cell is constructed using oxygen vacancy‐rich BiVO4 (OV:BiVO4) as the photoanode and triethanolamine (TEOA) pollutant as the fuel. Under AM 1.5 G, this OV:BiVO4–TEOA PEC fuel cell shows an ultra‐high photo‐driven current density of 20.40 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, which is superior to most reported PEC fuel cells. The Faradic efficiency of H2 production is about 97.26%, and no CO2 is released in the anode chamber due to the strong CO2 adsorption by excess TEOA. Further integration of a Pt/C cocatalyst coated Si photocathode in the OV:BiVO4–TEOA PEC fuel cell can achieve bias‐free H2 production with a current density of 10.17 mA cm−2. The experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal the importance of the robust complexation between the OV:BiVO4 photoanode and TEOA, which ensures thorough conversion of chemical energy in TEOA and high activity of the PEC fuel cell. This work will guide the design of efficient PEC fuel cells for simultaneous pollutant treatment and H2 production.
Photocatalytic Coupling of CH4 and CO2 to Ethanol on Asymmetric Ce−O−Zn Sites
Authors: Hao Shuya , Chen Yangshen , Peng Chen , Wang Huining , Wen Qianyou , Hu Cejun , Zhang Lijuan , Han Qing , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: January 2024

Partial oxidation of methane (CH4) to value‐added products is significantly challenging due to the highly inert chemical property of CH4 at ambient conditions and easy over‐oxidation into carbon dioxide (CO2) or carbon monoxide (CO) at elevated temperatures and pressures. Targeting this challenge, the efficient photocatalytic coupling of CO2 and CH4 into ethanol is demonstrated, using a cerium (Ce)‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalyst with abundant Ce─O─Zn units. Under light illumination, CO2 is adsorbed on the Ce atoms and photo‐reduced to CO, and CH4 is captured by the Zn atoms and photo‐oxidized to hydroperoxymethane (CH3OOH). The close proximity of Ce and Zn atoms on the Ce─O─Zn units allowed to further efficiently couple the as‐formed CO and CH3OOH into ethanol. Without additional Oxygen (O2) oxidant or sacrificial regent, the ethanol production rate reached 580 µmol g−1 h−1, substantially exceeding previously reports on photocatalytic CH4 oxidation. This work features to convert two greenhouse gases into value‐added chemicals with adjacent and asymmetric reaction sites, suggesting attractive potentials for CH4 and CO2 utilization.
Deciphering Unexplored Reversible Potassium Storage and Small Volume Change in a CaV4O9 Anode with In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Wu Yi , Wu Peijie , Tang Yushu , Fu Ruining , Cui Yujie , Chen Jing , Kübel Christian , Xu Feng
Published: January 2024

Vanadium‐based compounds are explored as promising electrode materials in lithium/sodium‐ion batteries exhibiting superior energy storage properties. However, similar attempts are rarely reported for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), in which the fundamental reaction mechanisms remain inexplicit. Herein, porous CaV4O9 nanobelts (NBs) are selected as a PIB anode to systematically investigate potassium storage mechanisms through in situ transmission electron microscopy. In situ measurements track overall electrochemical potassiation reactions of CaV4O9 and identify a polyphase state of V4O7, CaO, and K2O phases after potassiation. Unexpectedly, the potassiated products can be partially converted back to the original CaV4O9 phase with residual VO2 and CaO phases, which is different from the irreversible phase transformations in lithium/sodium storages of CaV4O9. Impressively, the cavities in NBs alternately disappear and appear with (de)potassiation, avoiding the drastic volume change and structural degradation of anodes. The reversible potassium storage and stable cycling are evaluated by electrochemical measurements and in situ X‐ray diffraction analysis. This work provides a paradigm by revisiting the existing anode materials in lithium/sodium‐ion batteries to seek out viable anodes for next‐generation PIBs.
Fatigue‐Resistant Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells
Authors: Kim Minju , Zhang Guogao , Jang Segeun , Lee Sanghyeok , Suo Zhigang , Kim Sang Moon
Published: January 2024

In a hydrogen fuel cell, an electrolyte membrane conducts protons, but blocks electrons, hydrogen molecules, and oxygen molecules. The fuel cell often runs unsteadily, resulting in fluctuating water production, causing the membrane to swell and contract. The cyclic deformation can cause fatigue crack growth. This paper describes an approach to develop a fatigue‐resistant polymer electrolyte membrane. The membrane is prepared by forming an interpenetrating network of a plastic electrolyte and a rubber. The former conducts protons, and the latter enhances fatigue resistance. The introduction of the rubber modestly reduces electrochemical performance, but significantly increases fatigue threshold and lifespan. Compared to pristine plastic electrolyte, Nafion, an interpenetrating network of Nafion and perfluoropolyether (PFPE) reduces the maximum power density by 20%, but increases the fatigue threshold by 175%. Under the wet/dry accelerated stress test, the fuel cell with the Nafion‐PFPE membrane has a lifespan 1.7 times that of a fuel cell with the Nafion membrane.