bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mineral chemistry of MUSES‐C Regio inferred from analysis of dust particles collected from the first‐ and second‐touchdown sites on asteroid Itokawa
Authors: Nakamura Tomoki , Nakato Aiko , Ishida Hatsumi , Wakita Shigeru , Noguchi Takaaki , Zolensky Michael E. , Tanaka Masahiko , Kimura Makoto , Tshuchiyama Akira , Ogami Toshihiro , Hashimoto Takahito , Konno Mitsuru , Uesugi Masayuki , Yada Toru , Shirai Kei , Fujimura Akio , Okazaki Ryuji , Sandford Scott. A. , Ishibashi Yukihiro , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Ueno Munetaka , Kawaguchi Junichiro
Published: February 2014

The mineralogy and mineral chemistry of Itokawa dust particles captured during the first and second touchdowns on the MUSES‐C Regio were characterized by synchrotron‐radiation X‐ray diffraction and field‐emission electron microprobe analysis. Olivine and low‐ and high‐Ca pyroxene, plagioclase, and merrillite compositions of the first‐touchdown particles are similar to those of the second‐touchdown particles. The two touchdown sites are separated by approximately 100 meters and therefore the similarity suggests that MUSES‐C Regio is covered with dust particles of uniform mineral chemistry of LL chondrites. Quantitative compositional properties of 48 dust particles, including both first‐ and second‐touchdown samples, indicate that dust particles of MUSES‐C Regio have experienced prolonged thermal metamorphism, but they are not fully equilibrated in terms of chemical composition. This suggests that MUSES‐C particles were heated in a single asteroid at different temperatures. During slow cooling from a peak temperature of approximately 800 °C, chemical compositions of plagioclase and K‐feldspar seem to have been modified: Ab and Or contents changed during cooling, but An did not. This compositional modification is reproduced by a numerical simulation that modeled the cooling process of a 50 km sized Itokawa parent asteroid. After cooling, some particles have been heavily impacted and heated, which resulted in heterogeneous distributions of Na and K within plagioclase crystals. Impact‐induced chemical modification of plagioclase was verified by a comparison to a shock vein in the Kilabo LL6 ordinary chondrite where Na‐K distributions of plagioclase have been disturbed.
The Christian Life: In Addition to Augustine and Aquinas
Authors: Healy Nicholas M.
Published: February 2014

The paper offers an alternative to the prevailing “discipleship” model of the Christian life that requires self-transformation, considerable effort and self-sacrifice, and tends to make negative judgements against those who fail to live according to the model. The model is illustrated by the example of Thomas Aquinas. A second, complementary model is drawn from the role of the crowds, who followed Jesus in the Gospels. With the help of Karl Barth's account of vocation, the second model makes it possible for the church to consider those who, for certain reasons, do not live in accord with the discipleship model to be considered good Christians, rather than unsatisfactory ones.
Augustine, Aquinas and the Culture Wars
Authors: McDade John
Published: February 2014

Augustine and Aquinas are points of reference in the so-called “culture wars” about how Christianity should think of its relation to modern liberal culture. “Postmodern Augustinian Thomists” (PATs) appeal to Augustine for their choice of a dialectical relation to liberalism, and those nicknamed “Whig Thomists” are more ready to see an alignment between liberal democratic capitalism and Aquinas’ view of politics. In this paper, some points relating to how Augustine thinks of “the City of God” form the basis of a consideration of the way PATs argue for their position.
Why We Still Need Augustine
Authors: Price Richard
Published: February 2014

St Augustine has been the most influential single voice in the history of western Christianity. Those in quest of a new theology often find it necessary to begin by criticizing him. This is fair enough; but a Christianity conscious of its past cannot discard him. This is clear in ecumenical dialogue with the Churches of the Reformation: their theology is hugely indebted to Augustine, and dialogue between them and Catholics must often return to him as their common source. Augustine lived in an age, like our own, where Christian values were not dominant in society, and where a Christian active in society had to show readiness to compromise in order to maximize the common good. To this we can relate his teaching on sexuality, where he accepted that the Church had to tolerate sexual behaviour within marriage that did not satisfy the strict letter of Christian morality but was often necessary for marital harmony. Here again was an area where the Church had to recognize a secular sphere with its own character and needs. Augustine's teaching on the prime importance of harmony in society went together with a lack of belief in human progress that contrasts sharply with the recent teaching of Gaudium et spes; but it is the latter that, fifty years after the Council, begins to look dated. The Church must maintain a constant dialogue with tradition. Within that tradition Augustine's place cannot be contested.
The bone marrow niche, stem cells, and leukemia: impact of drugs, chemicals, and the environment
Authors: Greim Helmut , Kaden Debra A. , Larson Richard A. , Palermo Christine M. , Rice Jerry M. , Ross David , Snyder Robert
Published: February 2014

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a unique population of somatic stem cells that can both self‐renew for long‐term reconstitution of HSCs and differentiate into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), which in turn give rise, in a hierarchical manner, to the entire myeloid and lymphoid lineages. The differentiation and maturation of these lineages occurs in the bone marrow (BM) niche, a microenvironment that regulates self‐renewal, survival, differentiation, and proliferation, with interactions among signaling pathways in the HSCs and the niche required to establish and maintain homeostasis. The accumulation of genetic mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities within cells of the partially differentiated myeloid lineage, particularly as a result of exposure to benzene or cytotoxic anticancer drugs, can give rise to malignancies like acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Better understanding of the mechanisms driving these malignancies and susceptibility factors, both within HPCs and cells within the BM niche, may lead to the development of strategies for prevention of occupational and cancer therapy–induced disease.
The Prevalence of Sinus Rhythm in Patients with “Permanent” Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: ZIEGLER PAUL D. , SAKAGUCHI SCOTT , SIMONS GRANT R. , KOEHLER JODI L. , WARMAN EDUARDO
Published: February 2014

Background

The term “permanent” atrial fibrillation (AF) is generally used to describe the rhythm status of patients for whom cardioversion has failed or attempts to restore normal sinus rhythm (NSR) have ceased. However, the rhythm status of such patients is typically assessed by symptoms or intermittent monitoring, and therefore categorization may be imprecise.

Methods

We evaluated the presence of NSR among patients who were identified by their physicians as having permanent AF and who underwent prior insertion of a cardiac rhythm management device in the OMNI study. Patients with a dual‐ or triple‐chamber device (pacemaker, implantable cardiac defibrillator, or cardiac resynchronization therapy) and ≥30 days of device data were studied. We tabulated the percentage of follow‐up days spent entirely in NSR, entirely in AF, or in both NSR and AF.

Results

A total of 69 patients met inclusion criteria and were followed for 767 ± 479 days. More than 73% of patients experienced ≥1 entire day in NSR. On average, 38.2% of days were spent entirely in NSR, 11.8% of days were spent in a combination of NSR and AF, and only 50.0% of days were spent entirely in AF. The median daily AF burden during follow‐up was 14.6 [1.1–23.7] hours/day.

Conclusions

NSR is common in many device patients thought to have permanent AF, suggesting that continuous arrhythmia monitoring could be useful in identifying permanent AF patients who may benefit from renewed rhythm control efforts. Alternatively, some permanent AF patients undergoing atrioventricular nodal ablation may benefit from dual‐chamber devices due to likely periods of NSR.
Knowing‐Wh and Embedded Questions
Authors: Parent T.
Published: February 2014

Do you know who you are? If the question seems unclear, it might owe to the notion of ‘knowing‐wh’ (knowing‐who, knowing‐what, knowing‐when, etc.). Such knowledge contrasts with ‘knowing‐that’, the more familiar topic of epistemologists. But these days, knowing‐wh is receiving more attention than ever, and here we will survey three current debates on the nature of knowing‐wh. These debates concern, respectively, (1) whether all knowing‐wh is reducible to knowing‐that (‘generalized intellectualism’), (2) whether all knowing‐wh is relativized to a contrast proposition (‘contrastivism about knowing‐wh’), and (3) whether the context‐sensitivity of knowing‐wh is a semantic or purely pragmatic phenomenon (‘contextualism vs. invariantism about knowing‐wh’).
Poverty and Welfare Measurement on the Basis of Prospect Theory
Authors: Jäntti Markus , Kanbur Ravi , Nyyssölä Milla , Pirttilä Jukka
Published: February 2014

This paper examines the measurement of social welfare, poverty, and inequality, taking into account features that have been found to be important welfare determinants in behavioral economics. Most notably, we incorporate reference‐dependence, loss aversion, and diminishing sensitivity—aspects emphasized in Prospect Theory—to social welfare measurement. We suggest a new notion of equivalent income, the income level with which the individual would be as well off, evaluated using a standard concave utility function, as he actually is, evaluated with a reference‐dependent utility function. We examine the differences between standard poverty and inequality measures based on observed income and measures that are calculated based on equivalent income. These differences are illustrated using household‐level panel data from Russia and Vietnam.
Do Non‐Enforceable Contracts Matter? Evidence from an International Lab Experiment
Authors: Cappelen Alexander W. , Hagen Rune Jansen , Sørensen Erik Ø. , Tungodden Bertil
Published: February 2014

Many verifiable contracts are impossible or difficult to enforce. This applies to contracts among family and friends, contracts regulating market transactions, and sovereign debt contracts. Do such non‐enforceable contracts matter? We use a version of the trust game with participants from Norway and Tanzania to study repayment decisions in the presence of non‐enforceable loan contracts. Our main finding is that the specific content of the contract has no effect on loan repayment. Rather, the borrowers seem to be motivated by other moral motives, which contributes to explaining why they partly fulfill non‐enforceable contracts. We also show that some borrowers violate the axiom of first‐order stochastic dominance when rejecting loan offers. This seems partly to be due to negative reciprocity, but may also reflect that there are individuals who have a preference for not accepting something referred to as a “loan.”
Satisfaction with care and rehabilitation among people with stroke, from hospital to community care
Authors: Tholin Helena , Forsberg Anette
Published: February 2014

Background

Despite recent improvements in Swedish stroke care some patients still experience a lack of support and follow‐up after discharge from hospital. In order to provide good care according to the National Board of Health and Welfare, systematic evaluations of stroke care must be performed. Quality indicators in the national guidelines could be useful when measuring quality of care in all parts of the stroke care chain.

Aim

To investigate how people with stroke experienced their care, rehabilitation, support, and participation from hospital to community care.

Method

Qualitative interviews were performed with 11 people in 2009–2010 covering their experiences of care, rehabilitation, support, and participation. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.

Result

The interviewees were satisfied with their hospital care, but reported both positive and negative experiences of the continuing care. Most of them appreciated intense, specific, and professional rehabilitation, and had experienced these qualities in the rehabilitation they received in most parts of the stroke care chain. Those who received support from the community services expressed satisfaction with the staff, but also felt that autonomy was lost. Several did not feel involved in the health care planning, but instead relied on the judgement of the staff.

Conclusion

To ensure high quality throughout the whole stroke care chain, people with stroke must be invited to participate in the care and the planning of care. To offer evidence‐based stroke rehabilitation, it is important that the rehabilitation is specific, intense, and performed by professionals, regardless of where the rehabilitation is performed. A changed view of the patient's autonomy in residential community services should be developed, and this process must start from the staff and residents.
Hypertension in Hemodialysis Patients: An Opinion‐Based Update
Authors: Shafi Tariq , Waheed Sana , Zager Philip G.
Published: February 2014

Hypertension is highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients but its management remains a matter of debate. In this review, we discuss the observational studies on the association of blood pressure with outcomes, measurement of blood pressure in hemodialysis patients and present an opinion‐based approach to treating hypertension.
Direct Democracy and Political Trust: Enhancing Trust, Initiating Distrust–or Both?
Authors: Bauer Paul C. , Fatke Matthias
Published: February 2014

This study investigates the relationship between direct democracy and political trust. We suggest a solution to the controversy in research centering on positive versus negative effects of direct democracy by analytically differentiating between the availability of direct democratic rights and the actual use of those rights. Theoretically, greater availability of direct democratic rights may enhance political trust by increasing citizens' perception that political authorities can be controlled as well as by incentivizing political authorities to act trustworthily. In contrast, the actual use of the corresponding direct democratic instruments may initiate distrust as it signals to citizens that political authorities do not act in the public's interest. We test both hypotheses for the very first time with sub‐national data of Switzerland. The empirical results seem to support our theoretical arguments.
A practical introduction to medical statistics
Authors: Scally Andrew J
Published: February 2014

Key content

A few key principles are introduced that need to be understood before inferential statistical procedures can be applied or interpreted.

The ‘inputs’ and ‘outputs’ of a generalised univariate statistical analysis are outlined.

The greater value of interval estimation, over significance testing, is emphasised.

Distinction is made between statistical significance and clinical importance.

Examples of commonly used two‐group analyses for independent samples are explained and discussed.

Learning objectives

To understand the principles underpinning the application of inferential statistical methods.

To be able to interpret and apply a few commonly used statistical procedures.

To identify when parametric and non‐parametric tests are suitable to apply to data.

To distinguish between an odds ratio and a risk ratio.

Ethical issues

A study that is statistically flawed is ethically flawed.
Toward a Multidimensional Model of Athletes’ Commitment to Coach-Athlete Relationships and Interdependent Sport Teams: A Substantive-Methodological Synergy
Authors: Jackson Ben , Gucciardi Daniel F. , Dimmock James A.
Published: February 2014

Drawing from a three-factor model of organizational commitment, we sought to provide validity evidence for a multidimensional conceptualization designed to capture adolescent athletes’ commitment to their coach–athlete relationship or their team. In Study 1, 335 individual-sport athletes (Mage = 17.32, SD = 1.38) completed instruments assessing affective, normative, and continuance commitment to their relationship with their coach, and in Study 2, contextually modified instruments were administered to assess interdependent-sport athletes’ (N = 286, Mage = 16.31, SD = 1.33) commitment to their team. Bayesian structural equation modeling revealed support for a three-factor (in comparison with a single-factor) model, along with relations between commitment dimensions and relevant correlates (e.g., satisfaction, return intentions, cohesion) that were largely consistent with theory. Guided by recent advancements in Bayesian modeling, these studies provide a new commitment instrument with the potential for use and refinement in team- and relationship-based settings and offer preliminary support for a conceptual framework that may help advance our understanding of the factors underpinning individuals’ engagement in sport.
A Factor XIIa Inhibitory Antibody Provides Thromboprotection in Extracorporeal Circulation Without Increasing Bleeding Risk
Authors: Larsson Magnus , Rayzman Veronika , Nolte Marc W. , Nickel Katrin F. , Björkqvist Jenny , Jämsä Anne , Hardy Matthew P. , Fries Marion , Schmidbauer Stefan , Hedenqvist Patricia , Broomé Michael , Pragst Ingo , Dickneite Gerhard , Wilson Michael J. , Nash Andrew D. , Panousis Con , Renné Thomas
Published: February 2014

Blocking the enzyme that initiates the intrinsic coagulation pathway protects against thrombosis in bypass systems and does not cause excess bleeding in vivo.
Chylous ascites as a consequence of idiopathic pancreatitis
Authors: Baban Chwanrow Karim , Murphy Michael , O'Sulleabháin Cristóir , O'Hanlon Deirdre
Published: February 2014

Chylous ascites (chyloperitoneum) is a rare clinical condition, characterized by an accumulation of lymph fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Most commonly it is associated with abdominal malignancy (usually lymphoma). We present an unusual case of a woman who developed a persistent pseudocyst and recurrent chylous ascites following acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Two rare manifestations of Q fever: splenic and hepatic abscesses and cerebral venous thrombosis, with literature reviewma non troppo
Authors: Gomes Manuel Mendes , Chaves Andreia , Gouveia Ana , Santos Lèlita
Published: February 2014

Q fever is a zoonosis caused byCoxiella burnetii. It often manifests as a flu-like syndrome; other common manifestations are pneumonia, hepatitis and endocarditis. Its course may be acute or chronic. The authors present two clinical cases of Q fever with rare manifestations. Case 1: A 55-year-old man admitted due to abdominal pain, diarrhoea and fever. Blood tests showed elevated transaminases, low platelets and elevated C reactive protein, with normal white cell counts; abdominal ultrasound showed splenic and hepatic abscesses. Serologies toC burnetiiwere positive (1:640), leading to the diagnosis of Q fever with splenic and hepatic abscesses. Case 2: A 47-year-old man admitted due to headache after sneezing, with unstable gait and vertigo. A brain tomography showed cerebral venous thrombosis. After an exhaustive investigation, antibodies toC burnetiiwere found and were undoubtedly positive (1:5120), leading to the diagnosis of Q fever. Both patients were treated with oral doxycycline.
Acquired hemophilia A as a cause of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Authors: McCain Stephen , Gull Sadaf , Ahmad Jawad , Carey Declan
Published: February 2014

A 71-year-old man presented to the emergency department with his first episode of hematemesis. He was anemic and coagulopathic on admission, and became hemodynamically unstable requiring surgical intervention to control the bleeding. Prior to surgery, he required 100% plasma exchange with human plasma derived prothrombin complex concentrate (Octaplex) as the exchange fluid. At induction of anesthesia, he received tranexamic acid, prothrombin complex concentrate, and platelets. At the time of knife to skin, he was given coagulation factor VIIa intravenously as a bolus. This treatment was on the recommendation of the hematology team who suspected a diagnosis of acquired hemophilia on the basis of his history and coagulation screen. His bleeding was controlled and a diagnosis of acquired hemophilia A was confirmed in the postoperative period. This was managed with immunosuppressive therapy, and at the 2 year follow-up he remains well and is off all treatment.
Morphological variation in populations of Disa uniflora (Diseae: Orchidaceae) in the southwestern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Balfour D. A. , Linder H. P.
Published: February 2014

Measurements of sixteen floral and vegetative morphological features of individuals from seven groups of populations of Disa uniflora Berg. (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) in the mountains of the southwestern Cape Province of South Africa were used to analyze patterns of intraspecific variation. Each population group had between one and three populations, and each population had between 2 and 30 (mean, 21) individuals. The data were analyzed using multivariate statistical clustering methods. The covariance biplot analysis indicated the patterns of variation, while the phenetic methods were used to test correlations between the patterns of variation and geographical isolation and altitudinal variation. The results are interpreted in the light of competing hypotheses on ecological versus gene-flow models driving interpopulational divergence. Variation was found to be largely between mountain blocks, whereas both geographical distance and altitudinal differences were found to be significantly correlated with the variation patterns. Conservation implications for D. uniflora as well as other Cape species are discussed. Key words: geographic variation analysis, Orchidaceae, intrapopulation variation.
Cold-induced elongation and division in radicle cells of Pirus Malus embryos
Authors: Real Mercedes , Bouvier-Durand Michelle
Published: February 2014

Mitoses and elongation occurred concomitantly during the first days of germination in apple (Pirus Malus L.) radicle cells only when embryos were previously cold stimulated. The radicle cells in nonstimulated embryos did not elongate or enter the S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle (the 2C level was estimated to 5 pg per nucleus). Accordingly, nuclear areas did not increase in the absence of cold treatment, whereas they doubled in size when embryos were cold stimulated and cultured to germinate. This increase in nuclear size can be considered a specific event in the pathway to germination. In nonstimulated embryos, nucleoli did not exhibit vacuolation and did not develop a granular component as they did in the germinating embryos after 3 days. Ultrastructural aspects of the chromatin itself were difficult to correlate with germination, since nuclei remained relatively homogeneous in structure during this process as well as during the breaking of dormancy. Key words: Radicle growth, embryo dormancy, microspectrophotometry, cell cycle, nuclear activation, ultrastructure.
Mycoparasitism of teliospores of Ustilago bullata by an oomycete
Authors: Roberson Robert W. , Luttrell E. S. , Fuller Melvin S.
Published: February 2014

The mycoparasitism of teliospores of the smut fungus Ustilago bullata was discovered by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Large, multinucleate chlamydospores germinated, producing hyphae that directly penetrated the walls of mature teliospores after forming an appressorium-like structure. Invagination of the exosporium at the point of penetration suggested mechanical penetration of this outer spore wall layer. The inner endosporium layer was fibrillar in appearance, with irregular electron-transparent regions suggesting enzymatic degradation. The cytoplasm and endosporium of parasitized teliospores were completely disintegrated, leaving only the spiny exosporium layer distributed throughout the sorus. Hyphae of the mycoparasite emerged from the teliospore shell, and their tips penetrated surrounding teliospores. TEM characteristics of the parasite confirmed oomycetous affinities. Pythium vexans was isolated from smutted tissue collected at the same time as tissue used for TEM observations. Pythium vexans was able to parasitize U. bullata teliospores in culture. Key words: hyperparasitism, ultrastructure, smut, Pythium, host–parasite relationships, infection.
ON THE DECAY AND EMISSION OF HEAVY FUNDAMENTAL STRINGS
Authors: KAWAMOTO SHOICHI
Published: February 2014

We review the properties of highly excited states in string theory with a focus on the decay process. We first survey the decay of a fundamental string with various setups. We then discuss the decay rate of averaged excited states of superstrings and obtain the emission spectrum which takes a form of thermal radiation. We finally examine the emission spectrum in the context of the black hole/string correspondence à la Susskind.
MONOPOLE CONDENSATION AND MASS GAP IN SU(3) QCD
Authors: CHO Y. M.
Published: February 2014

We demonstrate the monopole condensation in SU(3) QCD. We first discuss the gauge independent and Weyl symmetric Abelian (Cho-Duan-Ge) decomposition of the SU(3) QCD, and present a new gauge invariant integral expression of the one-loop effective action which has no infrared divergence. Integrating it gauge invariantly imposing the color reflection invariance ("the C-projection") we show that the effective potential generates the stable monopole condensation which generates the mass gap.
MATRIX MODELS AND LARGE-N BEHAVIOR
Authors: KLAUDER JOHN R.
Published: February 2014

Following the procedures by which O(N)-invariant real vector models and their large-N behavior have previously been solved, we extend similar techniques to the study of real symmetric N×N-matrix models with O(N)-invariant interactions. Proper extensions to N = ∞ are also established. While no 1/N-expansions are involved in our analysis, a brief comparison of our procedures with traditional 1/N-expansion procedures is given.
FAST CALCULATION OF 8 × 8 INTEGER DCT IN THE SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF H.264/AVC
Authors: ZARGARI FARZAD , GHORBANI SEDIGHE
Published: February 2014

In order to achieve higher compression performance the fidelity range extension (FRExt) amendment was added to the H.264 advanced video coding (AVC) standard. It uses both 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 integer discrete cosine transform (DCT) adaptively in the high profiles. This led to additional complexity of the initial version of the H.264/AVC encoder which had substantially high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm which reduces the computational complexity for software implementation of horizontal 8 × 8 integer DCT by more than 25%. Simulation results indicate 22% reduction in the computation time by using the proposed algorithm.
THERMAL DISCORD AND NEGATIVITY IN A TWO-SPIN-QUTRIT SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: LI XIAO-JING , JI HUI-HUI , HOU XI-WEN
Published: February 2014

The characterization of quantum discord (QD) has been well understood only for two-qubit states and is little known for mixed states beyond qubits. In this work, thermal quantum discord is studied for a qutrit system in different magnetic fields, where classical correlation and entanglement negativity are calculated for comparison. It is shown that the discord is more robust against temperature than the negativity. For a suitable region of magnetic field and its direction, the discord is non-zero while the negativity is zero. When the system is at a lower temperature, these three quantities, however, display a similar behavior for the varied field and direction, and their discontinuities come from crossovers between different ground states in the system. Moreover, the inequality between the quantum and classical correlations depends upon the system parameters as well as the temperature. In particular, both correlations are equal at a suitable field, direction, and temperature. Remarkably, such an equality remains for a strong field in the antiparallel direction, while both correlations in two-qubit systems are identical for any antiparallel field and temperature. These are useful for quantum information and understanding quantum correlations in qutrit mixed states.
Metaideals in Commutative Rings
Authors: Andruszkiewicz R. R.
Published: February 2014

New examples of metaideals in commutative rings are constructed. It is proved that metaideals of a commutative ring form a sublattice of the lattice of all subrings, and for any subring A of a commutative ring P, there exists the largest subring Mid P (A) (called metaidealizer) in which A is a metaideal. Metaidealizers in several cases are described.
Near-Ring Radicals and Class Pairs
Authors: Godloza L. , Groenewald N. J. , Olivier W. A.
Published: February 2014

For near-ring ideal mappings ρ1and ρ2, we investigate radical theoretical properties of and the relationship among the class pairs (ρ1: ρ2), [Formula: see text] and (ℛρ2: ℛρ1). Conditions on ρ1and ρ2are given for a general class pair to form a radical class of various types. These types include the Plotkin and KA-radical varieties. A number of examples are shown to motivate the suitability of the theory of Hoehnke-radicals over KA-radicals when radical pairs of near-rings are studied. In particular, it is shown that [Formula: see text] forms a KA-radical class, where [Formula: see text] denotes the class of completely prime near-rings and [Formula: see text] the class of 3-prime near-rings. This gives another near-ring generalization of the 2-primal ring concept. The theory of radical pairs are also used to show that in general the class of 3-semiprime near-rings is not the semisimple class of the 3-prime radical.
Witt Rings and Permutation Polynomials
Authors: Zhang Qifan
Published: February 2014

Let p be a prime number. In this paper, the author sets up a canonical correspondence between polynomial functions over ℤ/p2ℤ and 3-tuples of polynomial functions over ℤ/pℤ. Based on this correspondence, he proves and reproves some fundamental results on permutation polynomials mod pl. The main new result is the characterization of strong orthogonal systems over ℤ/plℤ.
Finite Non-abelian Simple Groups Which Contain a Non-trivial Semipermutable Subgroup
Authors: Zhang Qinhai , Wang Lifang
Published: February 2014

A subgroup H of a group G is called semipermutable if it is permutable with every subgroup K of G with (|H|,|K|)=1, and s-semipermutable if it is permutable with every Sylow p-subgroup of G with (p,|H|)=1. In this paper, we classify all finite non-abelian simple groups which contain a non-trivial semipermutable (s-semipermutable) subgroup. As a corollary of our main result, we give a complete answer to an unsolved problem in group theory proposed by V.S. Monakhov in 1990.
On Semigroups of e-Quasi-type
Authors: He Yong
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we describe the semigroups satisfying the implication e2=e⇒exyey=exy and answer an open question raised by Guo, Shum and Zhu in 1999.
A Characterization of Finite Simple Groups by the Degrees of Vertices of Their Prime Graphs
Authors: Moghaddamfar A. R. , Zokayi A. R. , Darafsheh M. R.
Published: February 2014

If G is a finite group, we define its prime graph Γ(G) as follows. The vertices of Γ(G) are the primes dividing the order of G and two distinct vertices p, q are joined by an edge, denoted by p~q, if there is an element in G of order pq. Assume [Formula: see text] with primes p1<p2<⋯<pkand natural numbers αi. For p∈π(G), let the degree of p be deg (p)=|{q∈π(G)|q~p}|, and D(G):=( deg (p1), deg (p2),…, deg (pk)). In this paper, we prove that if G is a finite group such that D(G)=D(M) and |G|=|M|, where M is one of the following simple groups: (1) sporadic simple groups, (2) alternating groups Apwith p and p-2 primes, (3) some simple groups of Lie type, then G≅M. Moreover, we show that if G is a finite group with OC (G)={29.39.5.7, 13}, then G≅S6(3) or O7(3), and finally, we show that if G is a finite group such that |G|=29.39.5.7.13 and D(G)=(3,2,2,1,0), then G≅S6(3) or O7(3).
Some Structure Properties of the Cyclic Fuzzy Group Family
Authors: Aktaş Hacı , Çağman Naim
Published: February 2014

In crisp environment, the notion of cyclic group on a set is well known. We study an extension of this classical notion to the fuzzy sets to define the concept of cyclic fuzzy subgroups. By using these cyclic fuzzy subgroups, we then define a cyclic fuzzy group family and investigate its structure properties.
Δ′-Reflexive Modules and Cogen(P)-Linear Compactness
Authors: Xin Lin
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we introduce the notion of Δ′-reflexive modules. We investigate the reflexive modules with respect to a partial cotilting (bi)module and obtain a connection between Δ′-reflexive modules and Cogen(P)-linearly compact modules. The main results generalize the results on reflexive modules with respect to a cotilting bimodule.
The Largest Lengths of Conjugacy Classes of Finite Groups
Authors: He Liguo , Qian Guohua
Published: February 2014

Let bcl (G) denote the largest conjugacy class length of a finite group G. In this note, we prove that if bcl (G)<p2 for a prime p, then |G:Op(G)|p≤p.
The Dimension of the Cohomology Groups of the Orlik–Solomon Algebras
Authors: Pearson Kelly Jeanne , Zhang Tan
Published: February 2014

The Orlik–Solomon algebra is a graded algebra defined by the partially ordered set of subspace intersections of the hyperplanes in an arrangement. Define the cohomology of an Orlik–Solomon algebra as that of the complex formed by its homogeneous components with the differential defined via multiplication by an element of degree one. The dimension of the cohomology of the Orlik–Solomon algebra in dimension one has been determined by Libgöber and Yuzvinsky. Using similar techniques, we study the dimension of the cohomology groups of the Orlik–Solomon algebra in higher dimensions under the special case where the element of degree one which defines the multiplication is concentrated under an element of the intersection lattice of codimension two. We provide computational methods for the dimension of the second cohomology group.
Quasi-Perfect Sequences and Hadamard Difference Sets
Authors: Ooms Alfons I. , Qiu Weisheng
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we prove that a binary sequence is perfect (resp., quasi-perfect) if and only if its support set for any finite group (not necessarily cyclic) is a Hadamard difference set of type I (resp., type II); and we prove that the kernel of any nonzero linear functional (or the image of any linear transformation A with dim ( Ker A) = 1) on the linear space GF(2m) over the field GF(2) (excluding 0) is a cyclic Hadamard difference set of type II using Gaussian sums; and we prove that the multiplier group of the above difference set is equal to the Galois group Gal (GF(2m) / GF(2)); and we mention the relationship between the Hadamard transform and the irreducible complex characters.
A Note on the σ-Covers of Finite Soluble Groups
Authors: Jamali Alireza , Mousavi Hamid
Published: February 2014

A cover for a finite group is a set of proper subgroups whose union is the whole group. For a finite group G, we denote by σ (G) the least positive integer n such that G has a cover of size n. This paper deals with the covers of a finite soluble group G having σ (G) elements of maximal subgroups.
Representations of the Quantized Weyl Algebra Associated to the Quantum Plane
Authors: Lin Shangyuan , Wu Yuezhu
Published: February 2014

In this paper, some new modules over the rank two quantized Weyl algebra are presented. The isomorphism classes among these modules are also determined.
A Note on Dedekind and ZPI Modules
Authors: Tekir Ünsal
Published: February 2014

Let R be a domain. A non-zero R-module M is called a Dedekind module if every submodule N of M such that N ≠ M either is prime or has a prime factorization N=P1P2… PnN*, where P1, P2, … Pn are prime ideals of R and N* is a prime submodule in M. When R is a ring, a non-zero R-module M is called a ZPI module if every submodule N of M such that N ≠ M either is prime or has a prime factorization. The purpose of this paper is to introduce interesting and useful properties of Dedekind and ZPI modules.
Convolution Rings
Authors: Veldsman Stefan
Published: February 2014

The notion of a convolution type is introduced. Imposing such a type on a ring gives the corresponding convolution ring. Under this umbrella, a wide variety of ring constructions can be covered, including polynomials, matrices, incidence algebras, necklace rings, group rings and quaternion rings. Here the influence of the convolution type on the corresponding convolution ring is investigated, in particular on the existence of homomorphisms and ideals.
Idealiser Rings of Injective Dimension One
Authors: Chatters A. W.
Published: February 2014

We study a certain type of prime Noetherian idealiser ring R of injective dimension 1, and prove for instance that the idempotent ideals of R are projective and that every non-zero projective ideal of R is uniquely of the form UE for some invertible ideal U and idempotent ideal E of R. Formulae are given for the number of idempotent ideals of R and the number of orders which contain R.
Extensions of Generalized Armendariz Rings
Authors: Hong Chan Yong , Kwak Tai Keun , Rizvi S. Tariq
Published: February 2014

A ring R is called Armendariz if whenever the product of any two polynomials in R[x] over R is zero, then so is the product of any pair of coefficients from the two polynomials. Such rings have been extensively studied in literature. For a ring endomorphism α, we introduce the notion of α-Armendariz rings by considering the polynomials in the skew polynomial ring R[x; α] in place of the ring R[x]. A number of properties of this generalization are established, and connections of properties of an α-Armendariz ring R with those of the ring R[x; α] are investigated. In particular, among other results, we show that there is a strong connection of the Baer property and the p.p.-property (principal ideals are projective) of the two rings, respectively. Several known results follow as consequences of our results.
Structure of Weakly Externally Commutative Semigroups
Authors: Stevanović Nebojša , Protić Petar V.
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we deal with the concept of weakly externally commutative semigroups. We give some basic properties of weakly externally commutative semigroups and describe them as various extensions of commutative semigroups.
Affine Lie Algebra Modules and Complete Lie Algebras
Authors: Gao Yongcun , Meng Daoji
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we first construct some new infinite dimensional Lie algebras by using the integrable modules of affine Lie algebras. Then we prove that these new Lie algebras are complete. We also prove that the generalized Borel subalgebras and the generalized parabolic subalgebras of these Lie algebras are complete.
Injective Endomorphisms of the Baumslag–Solitar Group
Authors: Kochloukova Dessislava H.
Published: February 2014

We study the injective endomorphisms φ of the Baumslag–Solitar group G(n,m)= 〈a,t | t-1 ant=am〉 for n, m ∈ ℤ∖{0} such that n, m ≠ ± 1, and show that φ (a) ∈ ∪ i ∈ ℤ∖{0} (ai)G. The proof is based on the Bass–Serre theory of graphs of groups.
On Supersolubility of Some Finite Factorizable Groups
Authors: Jaraden Jehad Jumah , Al-Dababseh Awni Faez
Published: February 2014

It is proved that a finite group G=AB is supersoluble provided that A and B are such supersolube subgroups of G that every cyclic subgroup of A permutes with every Sylow subgroup of B and if in return every cyclic subgroup of B permutes with every Sylow subgroup of A.
Relatively Semiregular Modules
Authors: Wang Yongduo
Published: February 2014

The notion of δ-semiregular modules is introduced in terms of δ-small submodules. It is shown that a ring R is a δ-semiregular ring if and only if RR is a δ-semiregular module, if and only if RR is a δ-semiregular module, if and only if every finitely presented module has a direct-projective δ-cover.
A Normal Form and the Term-linearity of Affine Spaces over GF(3)
Authors: Cho Jung R. , Kim Woo Hyun
Published: February 2014

An algebra is called term-linear if every term is equal to a linear term or a constant and every n-ary linear term is essential. The term-linearity is a generalization of the linearity of polynomials over ordinary linear algebras or vector spaces. In this paper, as a sequel to a previous paper, we present an explicit normal form for terms over an affine space over GF(3) by binary trees, which shows that the word problem for affine spaces over GF(3) is solvable. Using this normal form, we count the number of all essentially n-ary linear terms and apply the Csákány formula to show that an affine space over GF(3) is term-linear.
Complete Cohomologies and Some Homological Invariants
Authors: Asadollahi Javad , Salarian Shokrollah
Published: February 2014

There is a complete cohomology theory developed over a commutative noetherian ring in which injectives take the role of projectives in Vogel's construction of complete cohomology theory. We study the interaction between this complete cohomology, that is referred to as [Formula: see text]-complete cohomology, and Vogel's one and give some sufficient conditions for their equivalence. Using [Formula: see text]-complete functors, we assign a new homological invariant to any finitely generated module over an arbitrary commutative noetherian local ring, that would generalize Auslander's delta invariant. We generalize the results about the δ-invariant to arbitrary rings and give a sufficient condition for the vanishing of this new invariant. We also introduce an analogue of the notion of the index of a Gorenstein local ring, introduced by Auslander, for arbitrary local rings and study its behavior under flat extensions of local rings. Finally, we study the connection between the index and Loewy length of a local ring and generalize the main result of [11] to arbitrary rings.
A Characterization of P-Compatible Varieties
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Denecke Klaus , Wismath Shelly L.
Published: February 2014

P-Compatibility is a hereditary property of identities which generalizes the properties of normality and externality of identities. Chajda characterized the normalization of a variety by an algebraic construction called a choice algebra. In this paper, we generalize this characterization to the least P-compatible variety P(V) determined by a variety V for any partition P using P-choice algebras. We also study the clone of (strongly) P-compatible n-ary terms of a variety V, and relate identities of this clone to (strongly) P-compatible hyperidentities of the variety V.
On the Number of Constituents of Products of Characters
Authors: Loukaki Maria , Moretó Alexander
Published: February 2014

It has been conjectured that if the number of distinct irreducible constituents of the product of two faithful irreducible characters of a finite p-group, for p ≥ 5, is bigger than (p + 1)/2, then it is at least p. We give a counterexample to this conjecture.
Dual Wreath Product Structure of Right C-rpp Semigroups
Authors: Guo Xiaojiang , Ren Chenchen , Shum K. P.
Published: February 2014

The concept of wreath product of semigroups was initiated by Neumann in 1960, and later on, his concept was used by Preston to investigate the structure of some inverse semigroups. Recently, we start to investigate the structure of left C-rpp semigroups by using wreath products. In this paper, we modify the wreath product to “dual wreath product” so that we can study the structure of right C-rpp semigroups. We prove that a semigroup is a right C-rpp semigroup if and only if it is the dual wreath product of a right regular band and a C-rpp semigroup. Our theorem provides new insight to the structure of right C-rpp semigroups. In particular, a recent result given by Ren and Shum for right C-rpp semigroups is strengthened and enriched.
Further Results on K0-Groups with Ordered Structure
Authors: Lu Xinmin , Qin Hourong
Published: February 2014

This paper is a continuation of our previous work [10]. By GAERS-1, we denote the class of generalized abelian exchange rings with stable range 1. In this paper, we first prove that for any ring R ∈ GAERS-1 and any ideal I of R, K0(R/I) is an archimedean ℓ-group, which is a natural generalization of [10, Theorem 5.3]. As applications, we establish explicit characterizations for the K0-simplicity of such rings in the sense of [3], and investigate the norm completeness of their K0-groups. Finally, we characterize the primitive idempotents in R by K0(R) with ordered structure, from which we can further determine completely the structure of K0(R).
Homogeneous Construction of the Toroidal Lie Algebra of Type A1
Authors: Lian Haifeng , Chen Cui , Wen Qinzhu
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we consider an analogue of the level two homogeneous construction of the affine Kac–Moody algebra [Formula: see text] by vertex operators. We construct modules for the toroidal Lie algebra and the extended toroidal Lie algebra of type A1. We also prove that the module is completely reducible for the extended toroidal Lie algebra.
Weyl Type Non-Associative Algebras Using Additive Groups I
Authors: Choi Seul Hee , Nam Ki-Bong
Published: February 2014

A Weyl type algebra is defined in the book [4]. A Weyl type non-associative algebra [Formula: see text] and its restricted subalgebra [Formula: see text] are defined in various papers (see [1, 3, 11, 12]). Several authors find all the derivations of an associative (a Lie, a non-associative) algebra (see [1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 12]). We define the non-associative simple algebra [Formula: see text] and the semi-Lie algebra [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. We prove that the algebra is simple and find all its non-associative algebra derivations.
Some Rigidity Results for Highest Order Local Cohomology Modules
Authors: Dibaei Mohammad T. , Yassemi Siamak
Published: February 2014

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, 𝔞 an ideal of R, and M a finitely generated R-module of finite Krull dimension n. We describe the (finite) sets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of primes associated and attached to the highest local cohomology module [Formula: see text] in terms of the local formal behaviour of 𝔞.
On Unit Groups in Modular Group Algebras of Abelian Groups with Totally Projective Components
Authors: Danchev Peter V.
Published: February 2014

We prove that if the p-reduced abelian group G is a special countable extension of its totally projective p-component of torsion Gp and R is a perfect commutative unitary ring of prime characteristic p, then the group S(G) of all normed p-units in the group algebra RG modulo Gp, that is, S(G)/Gp, is totally projective. Our result strengthens both classical results obtained by May and Hill–Ullery.
The General PBW Property
Authors: Li Huishi
Published: February 2014

For ungraded quotients of an arbitrary ℤ-graded ring, we define the general PBW property, that covers the classical PBW property and the N-type PBW property studied via the N-Koszulity by several authors (see [2–4]). In view of the noncommutative Gröbner basis theory, we conclude that every ungraded quotient of a path algebra (or a free algebra) has the general PBW property. We remark that an earlier result of Golod [5] concerning Gröbner bases can be used to give a homological characterization of the general PBW property in terms of Shafarevich complex. Examples of application are given.