bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Animal Health, Management, and Foodborne Pathogens in Beef Feedlots
Authors: Dargatz David A. , Wagner Bruce A. , Loneragan Guy H. , Garber Lindsey P. , Hill George W. , Wineland Nora E.
Published: February 2023

The USDA's National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) has been conducting benchmark studies of the livestock industries since the late 1980's. Through 2001 there have been studies of swine (n=3), dairy (n=2), beef cow-calf (n=2), beef feedlot (n=2), catfish (n=l), layers (n=l), sheep (n=l) and equine (n=l).

A stratified random sample of feedlot operations with at least 1000 head capacity in the 12 leading cattle feeding states1 was selected for participation in the Feedlot '99 study. Cattle from feedlots with 1000 head or more capacity in these 12 states accounted for 81.9% of fed cattle marketings for 1999. Operators of selected feedlots were contacted for a series personal interviews to collect information on health and management of cattle in their feedlot. In addition, operators were offered the opportunity to participate in activities that required the collection of water, feed or feces.
Male Reproductive Surgery
Authors: Hull Bruce L.
Published: February 2023

Although male reproductive surgery can be very rewarding, it is overall a bad area to do surgery. To have a successful outcome there must be complete freedom of movement. The area is prone to post operative swelling and the area is contaminated, which increases the risk of post operative infection. Post operative infection leads to abscesses which lead to secondary adhesions as they heal. With these factors in mind a guarded prognosis is in order and these surgeries should only be considered on valuable animals.

Urogenital surgery requires a lot of time, not only from a surgical standpoint, but also extended time out of service post-operatively. Depending on the surgical procedure at least 30 days of sexual rest is recommended. In most cases this removes a bull from the program for an entire breeding season.

Tranquilizers should be avoided when performing urogenital surgery as many of them cause the penis and prepuce to prolapse. Prolapse increases edema to the injured part and may lead to secondary trauma. Therefore, if tranquilization is necessary it should be done lightly and with caution.
Responses of On-site Slaughterhouse Screening Tests After Administration of Ceftiofur
Authors: Robb Edward J. , Brown Scott A. , Payne Michael
Published: February 2023

Responses of three on-site slaughterhouse screening tests, along with the FSIS - USDA Post-Screening Multiple Bioassay, are described. On-site tests include the CAST, STOP and FAST.

Kidney, liver and muscle were obtained from lactating dairy cattle after the last of five intramuscular injections of ceftiofur sodium* administered at 24-hour intervals at a dose of 2.2 mg or 1.1 ceftiofur equivalents (CE) per kg of bodyweight (0.5-1.0 mg/lb). Animals were slaughtered at 12 hours or five or 10 days.
Influence of Arrival Weight, Season and Calf Supplier on Survival in Holstein Beef Calves on a Calf Ranch
Authors: Moore D. A. , Sischo W. M. , Festa D. , Reynolds J. , Holmberg C. , Atwill E. R.
Published: February 2023

Large calf ranches rear neonatal cattle for veal or dairy beef. Dairy beef ranches purchase bull calves from multiple sources and with questionable colostrum intake histories. They need information to help with calf purchasing strategies and on-farm management practices to avoid losses. It was the purpose of this project to describe factors associated with mortality in neonatal calves raised on a large calf ranch.
Treatment of Cows with Retained Fetal Membranes with Ceftiofur
Authors: Drillich M. , Beetz O. , Pfützner A. , Sabin M. , Sabin H. -J. , Heiwieser W.
Published: February 2023

Retention of fetal membranes occurs after 5 to 15% of calvings. One of the most common treatments is the manual removal of the retained membranes and a local antibiotic treatment. An additional systemic therapy with antibiotic drugs is recommended for cows with a body temperature ~39.5°C. (103.1 °F). However, efficiency of manual removal and local antibiotic treatment is under discussion. The objective of this study was to compare this common treatment of retained fetal membranes to a protocol without manual removal or local intrauterine administration of antiobiotics, but use of ceftiofur as a systemic antibiotic treatment in case of elevated temperature.
Association of Prepartum Plasina Non-esterified Fatty Acid Concentration with Retained Placenta in Multiparous Holstein Cows
Authors: Conner T. , Herdt T. H. , Neuder L.
Published: February 2023

Nutritional management of dairy cows during the dry period influences risk of peripartum disease. Means of rapidly monitoring nutritional status and the effectiveness of prepartum diets, prior to the development of disease, are needed by the dairy industry. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration is a potential means of monitoring energy status in late gestation cows. High plasma NEFA concentration is associated positively with the incidence of peripartum disease dairy cows.1,3 The objective of this project was to determine, via multivariate analysis, the relationship between prepartum plasma NEFA concentration and risk of retained placenta (RP) in dairy cows.
Effects of Endometritis at the Beginning of the Breeding Period on Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows
Authors: Hammon Douglas S. , Holyoak G. Reed , Jenson Justin , Bingham Howard R.
Published: February 2023

Diagnosis of bovine endometritis by traditional methods, such as rectal palpation or observation of vaginal discharge, is subjective and lacks sensitivity. However, the value of endometrial cytology in diagnosis of bovine endometritis has been established. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of endometritis, diagnosed by endometrial cytology, on reproductive performance in dairy cows.
Association of Lameness in Dairy Cattle with Other Diseases
Authors: Janssen Dorothee , Guard Charles L. , Warnick Lorin
Published: February 2023

Lameness has been recognized as a frequently occurring disease syndrome in dairy cattle. The dimensions of the problem are immense. Consider that, according to Greenough and Vermunt,4 a herd should be considered a "problem herd" when the yearly incidence has surpassed 10%-while multiple studies show yearly incidences between 14% and 25% not to be uncommon.1,2,3,5 Not only is lameness a major animal welfare concern; its likely impact on productivity and development of concurrent diseases makes it an important economic factor. The results presented here propose to illuminate the correlation between lameness and other diseases in two large herds in New York state.
Microbial Safety of Ceftiofur and its Metabolites
Authors: Kotarski Susan F. , Hornish Rex E. , Smolenski Walter J. , Salmon Sarah A. , Brown Scott A. , Kausche Fabian , Robb Edward J.
Published: February 2023

Ceftiofur is a late-generation, injectable cephalosporin developed solely for veterinary therapeutic use. During the 12 years of field use, surveys suggest that the incidence of veterinary and food-borne pathogens with decreased susceptibility to ceftiofur is still very low. This paper assesses the microbiological safety of ceftiofur with respect to current susceptibility patterns of pathogens, and inherent chemical and biological factors that aid in maintaining its effectiveness.
Continuing Education Program to Teach Early Pregnancy Diagnosis by Ultrasound in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Heuwieser W. , Pfrang C. , Hallmann T.
Published: February 2023

Reducing days open is an important goal in dairy reproductive management. Cows that are not pregnant have to be re-inseminated as soon as possible. Pregnancy diagnosis in cattle has been based on rectal palpation from day 35 and 32 post-insemination (pi) in cows and heifers, respectively. Due to progress in technology, early pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasound became available from day 29 pi and 25 pi in cows and heifers, respectively. However, intensive training is required to achieve high accuracy in those stages. The objective of this project was to develop an interactive multimedia program to teach early pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasound in dairy cows and heifers. With the program, practitioners and veterinary students can shorten the training time and acquire experience in this diagnostic method.
Evaluation of ECF™ (Early Conception Factor) Dip Stick Test for Cattle
Authors: Beachnau Bruce A. , Luchsinger John , Beaumont Shannon L.
Published: February 2023

The ECF assay is a lateral-flow assay intended to identify non-pregnant cows shortly after insemination or breeding. It can be run on serum or fresh-milk samples collected 48 hours to 15 days after the cow is bred. The test uses monoclonal-polyclonal antibody dipstick methodology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and user friendliness of the ECF test.
Daily Gain and Incidence of Scours in Holstein Calves fed Milk Replacers Supplemented with Antibiotics or Enteroguard®
Authors: Donovan D. C. , Franklin S. T. , Chase C. C. L. , Prezler H. , Hippen A. R.
Published: February 2023

To control infection by enteric pathogens in preweaned calves, antibiotics, oligosaccharides, or probiotics are often included in milk replacers.
Left Displaced Abomasum
Authors: DesCôteaux Luc , Woods-Lavoie Eve , Cecyre André , Larouche Yves , Rioux Robert , Dubreuil Pascal
Published: February 2023

An observational study was conducted from October 1998 to April 2000 on 215 cows diagnosed with left displaced abomasums (LDA) to evaluate risk factors associated with success of the toggle pin fixation procedure (n=108) and the omentopexy (n=107).
Independent Evaluation of a Lactating Dairy Cow Model
Authors: Hanigan M. D. , Standaert F. E. , Reutzel L. , Weakley D. C.
Published: February 2023

A comprehensive mechanistic model of the lactating cow has been described by Baldwin and coworkers (Baldwin, 1995). Over the past year, we have undertaken enhancements to that model in an attempt to address deficiencies. Such work has led to significantly better fits to a reference data set (Hanigan et al, J Dairy Sci, 2001). The work described herein represents a challenge of that model with independent data.
Use of Daily Postpartum Temperatures to select Dairy Cows for Treatment with Systemic Antibiotics
Authors: Kristula Michaela , Smith Billy
Published: February 2023

Prevention, and early detection and treatment, of postpartum disease are of economic benefit because of the potential to restore the cow to productivity sooner. Recording rectal temperatures has been widely adapted in protocols to monitor postpartum dairy cows because it is inexpensive and easy to implement. The objective of the following study was to obtain descriptive statistics on daily postpartum temperatures on 1,042 dairy cows.
Factors Associated with Off-flavours in Milk in Prince Edward Island Dairy Herds
Authors: Mounchili A. , Wichtel J. , Dohoo I. , Halliday L. , Keefe G. , VanLeeuwen J. , Gottshall-Pass K. , Sampson R.
Published: February 2023

Absence of off-flavours in milk is a major factor in consumer acceptance of milk and milk products. In the last three years, the Prince Edward Island (PE.I.) dairy industry has been facing considerable economic loss due to the development of off-flavours in milk. Review of the literature on off-flavours, even though voluminous (mainly referring to oxidized and rancid milk), provides little insight as to why outbreaks suddenly occur in certain localities, and how best to predict and avoid their occurrence. While many herd- and farm-level factors have been associated with off-flavours in milk in the literature, these associations are rarely based on controlled epidemiologic studies. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the factors associated with the production of off-flavoured milk and to elaborate practical management control strategies.
Study of the Economic Losses Due to Bovine Paratuberculosis in Two Herds Around Tehran
Authors: Nadalian M. Gh.
Published: February 2023

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic, granulomatous enteritis and a contagious bacterial disease of the intestinal tract. Johne's disease is characterized by delayed onset and variable expression of clinical signs, including intermittent diarrhea, emaciation and sometimes submandibular edema.

Economic losses associated with Johne's disease relate to many factors, including decreased milk production and weight, increased susceptibility to other diseases, loss of genetic potential and export market and increased calving interval. Mastitis and infertility in infected cattle also are higher than in non-infected cattle but results are inconsistent. Total losses were estimated to exceed $105 billion annually for the dairy industry in the United States.4,5
Relative Risk of Liver Failure in Dairy Cows with Left Abomasal Displacement
Authors: Rehage J. , Kaske M. , Scholz H.
Published: February 2023

Dairy cows with left abomasal displacement (LDA) are in substantial negative energy balance and mobilize considerable amounts of non-esterified fatty acids. Thus, fatty liver is a common hepatic disorder in LDA cows. Results of a previous study showed that approximately 4-5% of LDA cows referred to our clinic for surgical correction of abomasal displacement died or were sacrified due to liver coma. We found not only cows with severe fatty liver but also cows with moderate or even mild fatty liver affected by liver failure. Characteristically, cows with liver failure showed typical clinical signs of a hepatic encephalopathy (general depression, ataxia, recumbency or coma) and a low plasma amino acid ratio (Val+Leu+Ile/Phe+Tyr), low plasma cholesterol concentrations and high plasma levels of ammonia, total bilirubin and hepatic enzymes.

Thus, aim of the study was to calculate the risk of liver failure of dairy cows with LDA related to the hepatic triglyceride content.
Longitudinal Study of the Prevalence, Incidence and Duration of Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 by Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Smith D. R. , Moxley R. A. , Folmer J. D. , Younts S. M. , Khaitsa M. , Gray J. T. , Hinkley S. , Hungerford L. L. , Klopfenstein T. J.
Published: February 2023

Escherichia coli O157:H7 appears ubiquitous to pens of feedlot cattle; however, the percentage of cattle shedding the organism within different feedlot pens has been observed to vary widely over time and space.1 The objective of this study was to describe the variability of E. coli O157:H7 fecal shedding within contiguous pens of cattle over the course of the feeding period.
Comparison of Pre- and Postpartum Performance of Holstein Dairy Cows Having either a Single or Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Van Saun Robert J.
Published: February 2023

Cows calving with twins are often associated with a myriad of health problems and subsequent poor productive and reproductive performance. Financial losses associated with a twin pregnancy stem from lost replacements, disease costs, reproductive inefficiency, and increased culling. With the twinning rate increasing in many dairy herds, any practice reducing disease prevalence, reproductive problems, or both in cows with twins will help to minimize financial losses during the subsequent lactation. However, minimal comparative data are available to address metabolic or nutritional factors, which may be responsible for the myriad of health problems associated with a twin pregnancy. Data from a previous study were used to determine if animal performance measures over the transition period were different between single- and twin-pregnancy cows.
Body Temperature in Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Madler Terry L.
Published: February 2023

Body temperature is often used as an indicator of animal health status. In addition, body temperature can be used as a measure of heat stress, which occurs during the summer months and significantly impacts cattle performance and well-being. In a series of heat stress management and handling studies, tympanic temperatures (TT), an indicator of body temperature, were obtained in unrestrained feedlot cattle. In management studies, restricting feed intake to 85% of ad libitum lowered TT approximately 0.9 °F (0.5 °C), even after the period of feed restriction ended. Sprinkling feedlot surfaces was more effective in cooling cattle if sprinkling was done in the morning versus in the afternoon. Also, during hot days, TT of black-hided cattle can be over 0.9 °F (0.5 °C) greater than TT of white-hided cattle. In handling studies, moving cattle through working facilities requires an expenditure of energy causing an elevation of average body temperature between 0.5 and 1.4 °F (0.3 and 0.8 °C), depending on the ambient conditions. Effects of cattle movement and handling on body temperature needs to be taken into account when evaluating animal health studies. In addition, strategies designed to reduce the detrimental effects of heat stress while maintaining animal productivity need to be implemented. Furthermore, minimal handling of cattle during hot days is recommended for promoting animal well-being and comfort.
Lighting the Way to Optimal Cow Performance
Authors: Dahl Geoffrey E.
Published: February 2023

Management of lighting in dairy housing has recently received interest as a method to improve production. In addition, recent evidence suggests that photoperiod manipulation can be used to enhance disease resistance, especially during the dry period. As with any management approach, there are certain guidelines that require consideration for successful implementation. This review covers the biology of photoperiod responses in cattle, impacts on production and health, and suggestions for implementation.
What Goes In Must Come Out
Authors: Satter Larry
Published: February 2023

Phosphorus (P) stimulates growth of algae in freshwater lakes and streams. The loss of P to surface runoff from fields that contain excess P are typically greater than from fields managed to supply adequate but not excessive P for crop growth. As dairy operations have increased in size, manure application rates of P have often exceeded plant uptake of P, resulting in elevated soil test P. High levels of P in lactating cow diets exacerbates the problem, since P fed in excess of the cow's requirement is excreted in the feces in a largely soluble form. Removing excess P from dairy diets not only reduces P content of manure, but sharply reduces the amount of soluble P excreted, thus reducing risk of surface runoff. Most lactating dairy cow diets can have their P content reduced by 20%. This results in a 25-30% reduction in P content of manure, and a similar reduction in the amount of land required to accommodate the manure.
Energy Levels in Transition Diets
Authors: Varga Gabriella A.
Published: February 2023

Dry matter intake may decrease 10 to 30% during the period three weeks prior to calving. During the last 3 weeks prior to calving it is recommended that the energy density be in the range of 1.5 to 1.6 Meal NE/kg dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) in the range of 13-14%, nonfiber carbohydrate between 33 and 38% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 32-50%. More information is needed regarding the metabolizable protein and energy needs of the fetus, placenta, fetal fluids, uterus and mammary gland during the dry period. Proper formulation of rations for protein, energy density, fiber and nonforage fiber carbohydrates will help to increase intake prior to calving. Management of body condition and cow comfort are also critical to assure an excellent transition program.
Antimicrobial Peptides and Surfactant Proteins
Authors: Ackerman Mark R. , Brogden Kim A. , McCray P. B.
Published: February 2023

Although some vaccines and antibiotics have been very effective in preventing and treating respiratory disease, they have not been fully satisfactory. Recently, components of the innate immune system have been increasingly appreciated for their role in host defense against microbial pathogens. These molecules include lysozyme and lactoferrin, but recent work in cattle, sheep, man and other species have identified new classes of peptides expressed by respiratory epithelial cells that have potent microcidal activity in nanogram quantities. These peptides, termed antimicrobial peptides (AMP), include defensins, cathelicidins and anionic peptides. Some are expressed continuously whereas expression of others is stimulated by infection/inflammation. In calves, we have found that two AMP from the defensin family, tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) and lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), are expressed in the newborn and increased in response to Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica infection. In contrast, sheep beta defensin-1 (SBD-1) is not induced by infection and, in fact, appears decreased during viral infection with paramyxovirus-3 (PI-3). Decreased SBD-1 by Pl-3 may increase the lung's susceptibility to secondary infections or re-infections. Other innate defense molecules include proteins released with lung surfactant. Surfactant protein A and D (SAD) can opsonize and aggregate respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and activate alveolar macrophages. Preliminary work suggests that chronic bacterial infections result in reduced SpA and SpD expression and we are currently assessing SAD expression in response to Pl-3 and RSV. A long-term goal of our work is to identify ways to up-regulate expression of AMP and/or surfactant proteins in the neonate and at times of stress in older animals in order to reduce microbial colonization. Other investigators are seeking ways to utilize AMP's as a new class of antibiotics.
Longitudinal Study to Describe the Presence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella spp in Feedlot Cattle Pens
Authors: Smith D. R. , Moxley R. A. , Hinkley S. , Klopfenstein T. J.
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to use a novel diagnostic strategy to describe the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp in pens of feedlot cattle over the course of the feeding period.
Diagnostic Testing for Johne's Disease in the Cow-Calf Herd
Authors: Checkley Sylvia , Waldner Cheryl , Campbell John , Appleyard Greg , Clark Edward , Janzen Eugene
Published: February 2023

Investigators collected fecal and tissue samples from 40 animals culled from a high prevalence Johne's herd. All of these samples were collected at the slaughterhouse and processed in the laboratory by a standardized technique. Culture of feces and histology of ileum, cecum, colon and mesenteric lymph nodes was performed by an experienced blinded pathologist. The prevalence of MAP for all tissues and agreement between tissue findings and culture of feces will be reported.
Herd Level Indicators for the Prediction of High-Risk Dairy Herds for Subclinical Ketosis
Authors: Duffield Todd , Bagg Randal
Published: February 2023

While several tests and surrogate measures have been developed for diagnosing subclinical ketosis at the individual cow level, herd-level indicators to predict which herds might benefit from increased surveillance and enhanced preventive practices could be extremely useful to veterinarians. This project investigated the usefulness of potential herd-level indicators for predicting high-risk herds for subclinical ketosis.
Metabolic Predictors of Disease in Transition Dairy Cows
Authors: LeBlanc Steven , Duffield Todd , Leslie Ken
Published: February 2023

Risk factors for retained placenta (RP) and displaced abomasum (DA) are well described, but significant gaps remain in understanding their pathogenesis. This field study investigated metabolic tests available in clinical practice to identify cows at increased risk of RP and DA
Effect of a Novel Salmonella Vaccine on Performance in a Large Expansion Dairy
Authors: Emery Daryll , Straub Darren , Slinden Larry , Sandstrom Jim
Published: February 2023

A novel subunit vaccine, consisting of a highly purified composition of Siderophore Receptor Proteins (SRPs) and Porins derived from Salmonella dublin and Salmonella typhimurium was administered to two groups of lactating cows in a large expansion dairy under controlled conditions.
Evaluation of Teat Cleanliness after Use of a Powered Mechanical Teat Scrubber
Authors: Johnson A. , Rapnicki P. , Stewart S. , Godden S. , Barka Noah
Published: February 2023

This study compared teat cleanliness between two methods of udder preparation: a manual prep routine or a powered mechanical teat scrubber (CLIN-TEAT System, Westfalia, Surge Inc, Naperville, IL).
Coenzyme Q10 for Enhancing Physical Activity and Extending the
Human Life Cycle
Authors: Bjørklund Geir , Semenova Yuliya , Gasmi Amin , Ruwan Indika Neluwa-Liyanage , Hrynovets Ihor , Lysiuk Roman , Lenchyk Larysa , Uryr Taras , Yeromina Hanna , Peana Massimiliano
Published: February 2023

Background:

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an enzyme family that plays a crucial
role in maintaining the electron transport chain and antioxidant defense. CoQ10 is the
most common form of CoQ in humans. A deficiency of CoQ10 occurs naturally with aging
and may contribute to the development or progression of many diseases. Besides, certain
drugs, in particular, statins and bisphosphonates, interfere with the enzymes responsible
for CoQ10 biosynthesis and, thus, lead to CoQ10 deficiency.

Objectives:

This article aims to evaluate the cumulative studies and insights on the topic
of CoQ10 functions in human health, focusing on a potential role in maintaining physical
activity and extending the life cycle.

Results:

Although supplementation with CoQ10 offers many benefits to patients with cardiovascular
disease, it appears to add little value to patients suffering from statin-associated
muscular symptoms. This may be attributed to substantial heterogeneity in doses and
treatment regimens used.

Conclusion:

Therefore, there is a need for further studies involving a greater number of
patients to clarify the benefits of adjuvant therapy with CoQ10 in a range of health conditions
and diseases.
Predictors of Quality of Life in Women with Premature Ovarian
Insufficiency
Authors: Shabani Fatemeh , Montazeri Maryam , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: February 2023

Background::

Women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) have more difficulty
concerning their physical and psychological health, indicating a need to provide adequate psychosocial
and clinical support for these women to minimize the repercussion of this diagnosis on their activities
and quality of life.

Objective::

To determine the predictors of quality of life in women with premature ovarian insufficiency
(POI).

Methods::

This cross-sectional study was performed on 130 women with POI in Tabriz in 2021 by
convenience sampling. Data were collected using the socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire,
Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Beck depression scale (BDI), female sexual function
index (FSFI), and the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL). The adjusted
general linear model was used to estimate the impact and determine the relationship between
independent variables (socio-demographic characteristics, anxiety, depression, and sexual function)
and dependent variables (quality of life and its domains).

Results::

The mean total score of quality of life was 46.3 (SD: 18.3) out of 0 to 100. The lowest mean
score belonged to the social relations domain (35.6 (17.0)), and the highest mean score belonged to the
physical health domain (40.0 (16.0)). Sexual function was one of the predictors of overall quality of
life score, and all its domains except environmental health. Depression was one of the predictors of
psychological health. Education was also a predictor of psychological and environmental health.

Conclusion::

Sexual function and mental health are directly related to the quality of life of women
with POI.
Effect of Natural Plant Products on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Varshney Himanshi , Siddique Yasir Hasan
Published: February 2023

Background::

Plants and their extracts like ginger, garlic, Curcuma, Salvia, and Ginkgo are
best known for their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory responses. These plants have shown their
anti-Alzheimer’s properties in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Their diverse phytochemicals play a
protective role against amyloid-beta-induced neurotoxicity and improve cognitive and learning impairments.
These plants have a wide range of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids,
phenols, glycosides, terpenoids, coumarins, and saponins. These chemicals scavenge the free radicals,
lower the amyloid burden, improve memory dysfunction, and inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity.
Some of the clinical trials and animal-based studies suggested the protective role of these plants and
their extract mentioned in the literature.

Methods::

The articles for this review were majorly searched from popular search engines, viz, Google
Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus.

Results::

Medicinal plants improve cognitive and memory impairments by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
activity and scavenging free oxygen species by activating superoxide dismutase, catalase, and GSH activity.
The plant extracts reduce amyloid insult by inactivating the beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving
enzyme (BACE). The inactivation of Caspase 3 and 9 reduces apoptosis. Furthermore, the stimulation
of microglial cells and astrocyte reduce inflammation by lowering chemokines and interleukins.

Discussion::

The medicinal plants help to reduce AD pathogenesis by controlling different pathways
and could be used as a therapeutic agent against the symptoms.
Stereospecific Total Synthesis of Putaminoxin 1 by Ring Closing Metathesis
and Enantioselective Epoxidation
Authors: Shekhar Vanam , Sudhakar Chithaluri , Veerareddy Nagireddy
Published: February 2023

The stereoselective synthesis of putaminoxin 1, a biologically active natural phototoxic lactone has been synthesized from (R)-2-Propyloxirane and Hex-5-en-1-ol. The synthesis involves Jacobsen’s hydrolytic kinetic resolution and ring-closing metathesis as the key steps.
COVID-19 - Novel Short Term Prediction Methods
Authors: Raju Sanjay , B.S. Rishiikeshwer , T. Aswin Shriram , G.R. Brindha , B. Santhi , N. Bharathi
Published: February 2023

The recent outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2), also called COVID-19, is a major global health problem due to an increase in mortality and morbidity. The virus disturbs the respirational process of a human being and is highly spreadable. The current distressing COVID-19 pandemic has caused heavy financial crashing and the assets and standards of the highly impacted countries being compromised. Therefore, prediction methods should be devised, supporting the development of recovery strategies. To make accurate predictions, understanding the natural progression of the disease is very important.

The developed novel mathematical models may help the policymakers and government control the infection and protect society from this pandemic infection. Due to the nature of the data, the uncertainty may lead to an error in the estimation. In this scenario, the uncertainty arises due to the dynamic rate of change based on time in the infectious count because of the different stages of lockdowns, population density, social distancing, and many other reasons concerning demography. The period between exposure to the virus and the first symptom of infection is large compared to other viruses. It is mandatory to follow the infected persons.

The exposure needs to be controlled to prevent the spreading in the long term, and the infected people must be in isolation for the above-mentioned period to avoid short-term infections. Officials need to know about the long-term scenario as well as the shortterm for policymaking. Many studies are focusing on long-term forecasting using mathematical modelling. For the short-term prediction, this paper proposed two algorithms: 1) to predict next-day count from the past 2 days data irrespective of population size with less error rate and 2) to predict the next M days based on the deviation of the rate of change in previous N-days active cases.

The proposed methods can be adopted by government officials, researchers, and medical professionals by developing a mobile application. So that they can use it whenever and wherever necessary. The mobile health (M-Health) App. helps the user to know the status of the pandemic state and act accordingly.
Intrusion Detection in IoT Based Health Monitoring Systems
Authors: Ahil M.N. , Vanitha V. , Rajathi N.
Published: February 2023

The internet of things (IoT) is making its impact in every possible field like
agriculture, healthcare, automobile, traffic monitoring, and many others. Especially in
the field of healthcare, IoT has numerous benefits. It has introduced the concept of
remote monitoring of patients with the help of IoT devices. These devices are turning
out to be a game-changer and are helping healthcare professionals monitor patients and
suggest recommendations with the help of data obtained from connected devices or
sensors. Telemedicine, which helped provide remote medical services to patients, has
gained importance, especially during this COVID-19 pandemic. It has helped the
patients have online consultations with the doctor during the lockdown period,
decreasing the need for unwanted hospital visits during pandemic times. Since these
IoT-related networks are used daily, from health monitoring wearables to smart home
systems, they must be protected against security threats. Thus, intrusion detection
System is significant in identifying intrusions over an IoT network. intrusion detection
Systems can be deployed by utilizing Machine Learning, and deep learning approaches.
This paper aims to implement various algorithms on the BoT-IoT dataset. Moreover,
their performance measures are compared and analyzed.
Machine Learning Methods For Intelligent Health Care
Authors: Kalaivani K. , Valarmathi G. , Kalaiselvi T. , Subashini V.
Published: February 2023

The headway of man-made reasoning techniques overlays the methods
toward shrewd medical services by growing new ideas, for example, Machine learning.
This part presents an outline of Machine learning procedures applied to brilliant
medical services. AI procedures are regularly applied to brilliant well-being to
empower Artificial knowledge based on a current innovative improvement to medical
care. Moreover, the section likewise presents difficulties and openings in Machine
adapting, especially in the medical services space and near examination of different AI
techniques.
Secure Medical Data Transmission In Mobile Health Care System Using Medical Image Watermarking Techniques
Authors: Santhi B. , Priya S.
Published: February 2023

Medical information is maintained in a digital format, like scanned images
along with patient information. In the mobile health care system, digitized medical
information is transmitted to remote specialists for diagnosis purposes. The remote
specialists verify the patient medical information using mobile or other devices and
suggest the treatment. During medical data transmission, through unsecured media,
there is a chance to modify the medical data by the attacker. It leads to the wrong
diagnosis and affects the patient's entire life. So there is a need for secure medical data
transmission in mobile healthcare to protect medical information from unauthorized
users or intruders. The medical image watermarking technique is required to protect
medical information in mobile healthcare. To withstand various medical image
watermarking attacks, this chapter discusses two different types of robust medical
image watermarking techniques in mobile healthcare. First, an intelligent-based
medical image watermarking technique is discussed to protect the medical data in a
secured manner during the electronic patient information embedding part. After
embedding the patient information in the medical image, the generated watermarked
medical image looks like an original medical image. So the attacker knows the visual
existence of the medical data during its transmission. To avoid this, the second
technique, i.e., the visual medical image encryption technique, is discussed. The mobile
healthcare system uses the intelligent medical image watermarking technique and
visual medical image encryption for the secure transmission of medical information. 
Smartphone-Based Real-Time Monitoring and Forecasting of Drinking Water Quality using LSTM and GRU in IoT Environment
Authors: Murugan V. , Jeba Emilyn J. , Prabu M.
Published: February 2023

Water quality plays an important role in human health. Contamination of
drinking water resources causes waterborne diseases like diarrhoea and even some
deadly diseases like cancer, kidney problems, etc. The mortality rate of waterborne
diseases is increasing every day and most school children get affected to a great extent.
Real-time monitoring of water quality of drinking water is a tedious process and most
of the existing systems are not automated and can work only with human intervention.
The proposed system makes use of the Internet of Things (IoT) for measuring water
quality parameters and recurrent neural networks for analysing the data. An IoT kit
using raspberry pi is developed and connected with a GPS module and proper sensors
for measuring pH, temperature, nitrate, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. The measured
water quality data can be sent directly from raspberry pi to the database server or
through the mobile application by QR code scanning. Recurrent Neural Network
algorithms namely Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit
(GRU) are used for forecasting water quality. Results show that analysis made using
GRU is much faster than LSTM, whereas prediction of LSTM is slightly more accurate
than GRU. The data is categorized as poor, moderate, or good for drinking and it can
be accessed using smartphones through mobile application. In general, the proposed
system produces accurate results and can be implemented in schools and other drinking
water resources.
Pengaruh Pemberian Tablet Konvensional Kasein Yogurt Susu Kambing Terhadap Akumulasi Residu Dioksin dan Kerusakan Jaringan Musculus Pectoralis Pada Ayam Broiler Yang Dipapar Dioksin
Authors: Anjani Godelva Permata , Haskito Ajeng Erika Prihastuti , Roosdiana Anna , Pratiwi Herlina , Mahdi Chanif
Published: February 2023

Dioksin merupakan turunan dari Polychlorinated trichloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins (TCDDs) yang bersifat lipofilik dan bioakumulasi. Dioksin mampu berikatan dengan Aryl hydrocarbon Receptors maupun Transforming Growth Faktor Beta, sehingga sitokrom P450 teraktivasi dan memicu kerusakan jaringan. Kasein yogurt susu kambing merupakan sumber peptida bioaktif dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh tablet konvensional kasein yogurt susu kambing terhadap kadar residu dioksin dan kerusakan jaringan musuculus pectoralis ayam broiler yang terpapar dioksin. Penelitian ini menggunakan 18 ekor ayam broiler berusia 21 hari, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, terdiri atas: 1) Kelompok negatif (tanpa perlakukan); 2) Kelompok positif (TCDD 50 ng/kg pakan/hari); 3) Kelompok terapi (TCDD 50 ng/kg pakan/hari + tablet konvensional kasein yogurt susu kambing 750 mg/ekor peroral). Kadar residu dioksin diukur dengan metode spektrofotometri-UV diolah sebagai data kuantitatif dianalisa dengan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dilanjutkan Uji Tukey. Histopatologi musculus pectoralis diwarnai dengan menggunakan metode pewarnaan Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) dan diamati secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan analisa statistik pemberian tablet konvensional kasein yogurt susu kambing memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata (p>0.05) pada penurunan kadar residu dioksin, namun data pengukuran residu dioksin menunjukkan bahwa adanya penurunan kadar residu dioksin sebesar 18,20%. Pemberian tablet konvensional kasein yogurt susu kambing juga terbukti dapat memperbaiki kerusakan jaringan musculus pectoralis ayam broiler (Gallus domesticus) yang dipapar dioksin dengan mengurangi jumlah jaringan ikat perimisium yang mengalami penebalan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian tablet konvensional kasein yogurt susu kambing tidak memberi pengaruh yang signifikan untuk menurunkan kadar residu TCDD dan dapat memperbaiki kerusakan histopatologi musculus pectoralis ayam broiler (Gallus domesticus) yang dipapar dioksin.
Sex Ratio Fetus Hasil Inseminasi Buatan Menggunakan Semen Beku Dosis Tunggal dan Dosis Ganda pada Sapi Friesian Holstein
Authors: Azmi Dandy Ulul , Yekti Aulia Puspita Anugra , Susilawati Trinil
Published: February 2023

Usaha sapi perah membutuhkan pedet betina untuk replacement. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sex ratio fetus hasil IB menggunakan semen beku dosis tunggal dan dosis ganda, mengetahui proporsi spermatozoa X dan Y dalam semen beku dan konfirmasi proporsi spermatozoa X dan Y dengan sex ratio fetus hasil IB. Materi dalam penelitian ini adalah 43 ekor fetus dari 100 ekor induk hasil IB semen beku dosis tunggal dosis dan 40 ekor fetus dari 98 ekor induk hasil IB semen beku dosis ganda menggunakan semen beku sapi FH. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung dengan menghitung persentase jenis kelamin fetus hasil IB menggunakan alat ultrasonografi (USG) dan proporsi spermatozoa X dan Y dalam semen beku. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semen beku memiliki persentase proporsi spermatozoa X sebesar 49,70% dan spermatozoa Y sebesar 50,30%. Jenis kelamin fetus yang berhasil di identifikasi hasil IB menggunakan semen beku dosis tunggal dosis adalah fetus betina sebesar 72,89% dan fetus jantan 27,11%, sedangkan pada hasil IB menggunakan semen beku dosis ganda mendapatkan hasil fetus Betina 69,33% dan fetus jantan 30,67%. Sehingga kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sex ratio fetus betina hasil IB lebih tinggi daripada jenis kelamin fetus jantan.
Evaluasi Penambahan Buah Pare (Momordica Charantia) Pada Pakan Terhadap Penampilan Produksi Ayam Pedaging
Authors: Judin Sira , Datta Frans Umbu , Lazarus Edwin J. L.
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengidentifikasi efektivitas dan level penggunaan ekstrak daun kersen (Muntingia calabura) terhadap mortalitas cacing Haemonchus contortus secara in vitro. Desain penelitian menggunakan eksperimen secara in vitro menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini dirancang dalam 6 perlakuan, dimana setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 ekor cacing Haemonchus contortus betina sehingga terdapat 24 unit percobaan. Perlakuan yang diuji yakni R0 = Obat cacing albendazole 0,05 gram (control +) + 25 ml NaCl 0,9%. R1: Air suling 25 ml (control -) R2 : Ekstrat daun muda kersen (EDMK) 15 mg + 25 ml NaCl 0,9%. R3: Ekstrat daun muda kersen (EDMK) 30 mg + 25 ml NaCl 0,9%. R4: Ekstrat daun muda kersen (EDMK) 45 mg + 25 ml NaCl 0,9%, dan R5: Ekstrat daun muda kersen (EDMK) 60 mg + 25 ml NaCl 0,9%. Variabel yang diamati yakni daya anthelmentik pada cacing, Haemonchus contortus, uji daya ovicidal cacing Haemonchus contortus, uji daya larvasida, panjang larvasida pasca perlakuan dan tingkat kerusakan vulva flap periode larvasida. Hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa penggunaan ekstrak daun kersen berpengaruh positif terhadap daya anthementik cacing H. contortus, dan memiliki pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap daya ovisidal cacing H. contortus, daya larvasida dan panjang larvasida pasca perlakuan memiliki pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,01), serta dapat merusak organ reproduksi dan melisiskan cacing H. contortus. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak daun kersen dapat menghambat perkembangan cacing H. contortus, daya larvasida, panjang larvasida serta dapat melisiskan cacing H. contortus.
Change of optical properties of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals of CsPbCl-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Br-=SUB=-3-x-=/SUB=-, alloyed with Yb-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- ions, when carrying out an anion exchange reaction
Authors: Tatarinov D. A.  , Sokolova A. V.  , Danilov D. V.  , Litvin  A. P.
Published: February 2023

Alloying of perovskites nanocrystals by lanthanoids makes it possible to produce materials that luminesce effectively in both visible and near infrared spectra. In the present work, the influence of the width of the forbidden zone on the optical properties of the inorganic perovskites nanocrystals CsPbClxBr3-x alloyed by ions Yb3+ is investigated. For changing the chemical composition of nanocrystals, an anionic exchange method is used by adding bromide dodecyltrimethylammonium. As a result of the gradual substitution of chlorine ions with bromine ions, the forbidden area of nanocrystals is narrowed, resulting in a change in the spectral position of the optical transitions, the quantum output of photoluminescence in the near and infrared spectral ranges and the attenuation of photoluminescence. When the width of the forbidden area reaches 2.54 eV, the total quantum output of photoluminescence reaches 72%. Keywords: pervoskite nanocrystals, alloying, ytterbium, photoluminescence, anionic exchange.
Analysis and analytical modeling of Air, N-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, O-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- and CO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- broadening coefficients of Water Vapor Lines in the 380-26000 cm-=SUP=--1-=/SUP=- Spectral Range
Authors: Starikov V.I.
Published: February 2023

The analysis of the available experimental data on the H2O line broadening coefficients by air, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide in the spectral range 380-26000 cm-1 is carried out. The analysis is based on the application of the analytical model γ(sur), which depends on the fitting parameters. N=4110, N=757, N=658 and N=688 air, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide broadening coefficients derived from the fitted parameters agree with measurements with an average accuracy of 7.2%, 11.6%, 7.6% and 7.1%, respectively. In a simultaneous analysis of N=5525 air, nitrogen and oxygen broadening coefficients an average accuracy is 9.2%. The parameters of the analytical model γ(sur) may be recommended in the γ calculations of H2O lines with rotational quantum numbers J≤20, Ka≤15 for any vibrational band from the mentioned spectral range Keywords: water vapor, Air, N2,O2 and CO2 broadening coefficients.
Photoluminescence of sapphire irradiated by low-energy electrons and ions
Authors: Zykova E.Yu.  , Ozerova K.E.  , Tatarintsev A.A.  , Turkin A. N.
Published: February 2023

Photoluminescence (PL) of sapphire single crystals as received and preirradiated by low energy Ar+ ions and electrons has been studied to reveal a relationship between sapphire charging under electron beam irradiation and radiation-induced defect formation. The photoluminescence spectra were obtained using a confocal microscope excitation wavelength of 445 nm as well as by a nonconfocal method with excitation at a wavelength of 355 nm. The lines observed in PL spectra for all samples are associated with both intrinsic and impurity defects. It has been established that preliminary ion irradiation leads to disordering of the near-surface region of the sample resulting in a significant increase in the photoluminescence intensity. Preliminary electron irradiation can lead to a change in the charge state of defects that initially exist in the crystal. Keywords: radiation-stimulated defects, sapphire photoluminescence, ion and electron irradiation.
Approach to the approximation of the transfer characteristic and correlation response of Fourier holography scheme
Authors: Pavlov A. V.  , Gauge A. O.  , Alekseev A. M.
Published: February 2023

An approach for approximating the transfer characteristic and response in the +1th order of diffraction of a 4f Fourier holography scheme by a Gaussian-like model as applied to image processing with power-law spatial-frequency power spectra is proposed. The relations between the parameters of the approximation models and the reference image spectra are found by numerical simulation depending on the reference spectrum exponent. The approximation errors and the possibility of their optimization in the required range of spatial frequencies, determined by the nonlinearity of the exposure characteristics of holographic recording media, are shown. The validity of the approach is confirmed by comparing the results of numerical simulation with experimental data. Keywords: holography, Fourier transform, spatial frequency spectrum, impulse response, recording media, exposure characteristic.