bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resisting Development, Reinventing Modernity: Rural Electrification in the United States before World War II
Authors: Kline Ronald R.
Published: June 2023

The essay examines local resistance to the New Deal rural electrification program in the United States before World War II as a crucial aspect of socio-technical change. Large numbers of farm men and women opposed the introduction of the new technology, did not purchase a full complement of electrical appliances, and did not use electric lights and appliances in the manner prescribed by the goverment modernisers (the Rural Electrification Administration) and manufacturers. These acts of ‘transformative resistance’ helped to shape artefacts and social practices.
Disaster, Development and Governance: Reflections on the ‘Lessons’ of Bhopal
Authors: Rajan S. Ravi
Published: June 2023

The paper firstly uses the case study of the Bhopal gas disaster to understand why many scholars and activists seek alternatives to ‘big’ development. Secondly, it critically examines the claims that have been made in this regard in the literature in political ecology, science and technology studies and environmental governance, and in doing so, articulates a framework of questions for the next generation of research and advocacy.
The Liberation of Humanity and Nature
Authors: Katz Eric
Published: June 2023

What does the ‘liberation’ of nature mean? In this essay, I use a pragmatic methodology to (1) reject the idea that we need a metaphysical understanding of the nature of nature before we can speak of nature's liberation, and (2) explain the sense of liberation as being the continuation of human non-interference in natural processes. Two real life policy cases are cited as examples: beach restoration on Fire Island and rock climbing in designated wilderness areas.
Aesthetic Appreciation in the Artworld and in the Natural World
Authors: Fenner David E.W.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, I explore some parallels and dissimilarities between aesthetic appreciation that takes as its focus art objects and that which focuses on natural objects. I cover three areas. The first deals with general approach, whether a paradigm of engagement is more appropriate to environmental aesthetics than one of detachment and disinterest. The second theme is about preservation and whether the appropriate model is static or dynamic. The final theme is about environmental criticism and the application of aesthetic theory to arguments for preservation.
Participatory Modelling and the Local Governance of the Politics of UK Air Pollution: A Three-City Case Study
Authors: Yearley Steve , Cinderby Steve , Forrester John , Bailey Peter , Rosen Paul
Published: June 2023

In the last decade, many arguments have emerged for encouraging public participation in environmental policy making and management. While some have argued that, in democratic societies, people simply have a right to a participatory role, others base arguments for public participation on the idea that lay people may have access to knowledge which is unknown to officially sanctioned experts. Local people may count as experts about aspects of their neighbourhood or they may have insights into the behaviour of plant operators that is thought to give rise to pollution. This paper reports on a novel empirical approach to analysing and capturing such ‘lay’ understandings. This technique (‘participatory modelling'), developed in ESRC-funded work in the UK, uses community mapping exercises in urban centres to produce spatial representations of local knowledges about air pollution and related problems of noise and odour. In the paper the technique is outlined, presenting data from the three-city case study. The paper concludes by assessing the ways in which participatory modelling can contribute to the local governance of air quality.
Artefacts and Living Artefacts
Authors: Siipi Helena
Published: June 2023

The concept of an artefact is central to several bioethical arguments. In this paper, I analyse this concept with respect to living and also non-living entities. It is shown that a close relationship between bringing an entity into existence and its intentional modification is necessary for its artefactuality. The criterion is further improved by analyses of the nature of intentionality in artefact production and the differences between artefacts and their side-effects. Further, in order to clarify the meaning of the term ‘bring into existence’, issues related to sortal terms and functions of artefacts are considered. As the result of these analyses, the criterion for being an artefact is founded on the following double condition: (1) An entity x is an artefact only if x has been intentionally brought into existence by intentionally causing the coming artefact x to have certain properties. (2) An entity x is an artefact only if causing x to have certain properties has led x to have some new functions – that is, functions that are not present in the raw materials of x. The double condition is used for clarifying the status of several biotic entities such as gardens, commercial fields, polluted natural areas, ecosystems including alien species, restored ecosystems and transgenic organisms.
Is Environmentalism a Humanism?
Authors: Hinchman Lewis P.
Published: June 2023

Environmental theorists, seeking the origin of Western exploitative attitudes toward nature, have directed their attacks against ‘humanism’. This essay argues that such criticisms are misplaced. Humanism has much closer affinities to environmentalism than the latter's advocates believe. As early as the Renaissance, and certainly by the late eighteenth century, humanists were developing historically-conscious, hermeneutically-grounded modes of understanding, rather than the abstract, mathematical models of nature often associated with them. In its twentieth-century versions humanism also shares much of the mistrust of consumerism, instrumental reason, and ‘worldlessness’ that marks environmentalist literature. Nevertheless, humanism is indeed committed to the principle that human beings are and ought to be free, and opposes theoretical approaches that suppress freedom. Reconciling humanism and environmental-ism thus involves two steps: resisting the former's tendency to treat nature and freedom as metaphysical polarities, and drawing environmental theory away from flirtation with deterministic, biologistic worldviews. The essay concludes by suggesting Aldo Leopold's A Sand County Almanac as the paradigm case of environmental thought with roots in humanist approaches.
Towards an Adequate Environmental Virtue Ethic
Authors: Sandler Ronald
Published: June 2023

In this article I consider four concerns regarding the possibility of an environmental virtue ethic functioning as an alternative – rather than a supplement – to more conventional approaches to environmental ethics. The concerns are: (1) it is not possible to provide an objective specification of environmental virtue, (2) an environmental virtue ethic will lack the resources to provide critique of obtaining cultural practices and policies, (3) an environmental virtue ethic will not provide sufficient action-guidance, (4) an environmental virtue ethic cannot ground constraints on human activities regarding the natural environment. Each of these concerns makes a claim about the poverty of normative resources at the disposal of environmental virtue ethics. I defend a conception of environmental virtue – as a character virtue with the same normative standing as the conventional personal and interpersonal virtues – that enables an environmental virtue ethic with the wherewithal to address each of the concerns.
Learning in Sustainable Agriculture: Food Miles and Missing Objects
Authors: Iles Alastair
Published: June 2023

Industrial production imposes geographical, economic and cultural distances between producers and consumers. The concept of constituting ‘missing objects’ can help shrink these distances by enabling actors to engage in discourses and practices about contexts beyond what is materially present. Since the mid-1990s, food miles have emerged as an example of missing objects, representing the distance that agricultural products travel from the farm to the dining table, and the environmental effects of transportation. I analyse how consumers, farmers, activists, industry and policy-makers in the United States and Europe are building agency in making and using food miles.
Heidegger on Nature
Authors: Cooper David E.
Published: June 2023

The primary purpose of the paper is the broadly exegetical one of explaining and connecting Heidegger's many remarks, made in several different contexts of enquiry, on nature. The three main contexts are those of ontology, scientific methodology, and technology. After showing how Heidegger's central theses in these contexts are related to one another, I argue, in the final section, that his observations on scientific method are pivotal. Unless these are secured, his further claims about ontology and technology lose their essential support.
Economic Stratification and Environmental Management: A Case Study of the New York City Catskill/Delaware Watershed
Authors: Hoffman Joan
Published: June 2023

Long run success in watershed management requires understanding of how economic stratification and social values affect water quality protection. Feedback effects on water quality are produced by three aspects of economic well-being: income levels, quality of life and inequality, including the effects of gender based inequality. In the US emphasis on individualistic values leads to reliance on local and private policy solutions to social problems. Analysis of the context of New York City's internationally famous watershed agreement with communities 120 miles distant provides a case study of these relationships. The nature of economic stratification in these upstate communities and the insufficient response of social policies were an impediment to achieving New York City's water quality goals. As a consequence the City's watershed agreement contains direct economic aid to Watershed communities. The Agreement does not address all stratification issues. Some call for solutions beyond the local level and an approach that benefits from the European emphasis on community. It is in the interest of watershed managers to broaden the scope of their concerns to understand and support state and national programs which address problems created by economic stratification. The expansion of the European Union increases the relevance of these lessons for Europe.
Realms of Value: Conflicting Natural Resource Values and Incommensurability
Authors: Trainor Sarah Fleisher
Published: June 2023

Divergent values are often at the heart of natural resource conflict. Using discord over the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah, U.S.A. as a case study, I propose that values are perceived as incommensurate because they reflect different realms, with which there exist distinct concepts of what it means to value and distinct, irreducible forms of value expression. I further argue that collaborative, discursive processes are one way to account for plural values in policy and decision making without requiring a common metric, yet they are not without theoretical and practical challenges.
Environmentalism, a Secular Faith
Authors: Dunlap Thomas R.
Published: June 2023

Much of American environmentalism's passion and political power, as well as shortcomings and tactical failures, have their origin in the movement's demands for new attitudes toward nature as well as new laws and policies. A full understanding of environmentalism requires seeing it as a secular faith, movement concerned with ultimate questions of humans’ place and purpose in the world. This perspective explains much about its development, its emphasis on individual action, the vehemence of its opposition, and its political failure in the last generation. Comparisons with other national environmental movements, not considered here, constitute an important topic for further research.
Proposal for a Procedure for Measuring Logistics Performance
Authors: Terazzi Luís Fernando , de Camargo Junior João Batista
Published: June 2023

Considering that logistics is a strategic sector that reflects a competitive advantage, measuring logistic performance assertively helps this purpose. This research proposes a procedure for measuring logistical performance based on the experiences of a medium-sized furniture company in Brazil using a qualitative approach. The data were collected from semi-structured interviews with six employees. The proposed procedure for measuring logistical performance is composed of 11 processes, and its result has the potential to help organizations generate information for strategic decisions and accurate investments.
Gender Wage Gap among Rural Non-farm Sector Employees in India: Evidence from Nationally Representative Survey
Authors: Pattayat Shiba Shankar , Parida Jajati Keshari , Paltasingh Kirtti Ranjan
Published: June 2023

This article examines the gender-wise work participation rate and evaluates the wage disparity between male and female workers employed as either regular or casual employees in rural non-farm sectors. Based on the National Sample Survey data of 2004–2005 and 2019–2020, it is found that the gender inequality (against women) in employment opportunity is not only prevalent in the rural non-farm labour market but also on the rise during the last one and a half decades. The perceived difference in human capabilities between women and men and the non-availability of enough job opportunities could be a major driver of this inequality, apart from the existing social stigma in hiring the women in the rural labour market. This is reflected by the rise in the mean wage difference between two genders during 2004–2005 and 2019–2020. Both the mean and the quantile decomposition results suggest that a higher percentage of gender wage differentials is due to endowment components or labour productivity differences. Because of the existence of the ‘sticky floor’ phenomenon, the wage disparity is relatively larger at the bottom end of the earning distribution. But it reduces when we stride towards higher quintiles on the wage distribution. Hence, it is argued that policies aimed at enhancing the skill endowment of rural women can substantially reduce both the non-farm sector gender wage gap and the inequality in access to non-farm employment.
Book review: Preet S. Aulakh and Raveendra Chittoor, Coping with Global Institutional Change: A Tale of India’s Textile and Pharmaceutical Industries
Authors: Thomas Sibin Jerry , Tantri Malini L.
Published: June 2023

Preet S. Aulakh and Raveendra Chittoor, Coping with Global Institutional Change: A Tale of India’s Textile and Pharmaceutical Industries. Cambridge University Press, 2022, 230 pp., ₹950. ISBN: 9781009176330 (Hardback).
Work volition and career control in retail workers
Authors: Taylor Andrew J , Perera Harsha N , Hoare P Nancey , Salama Mary , McIlveen Peter
Published: June 2023

The Work Volition Scale (WVS) is a brief measure of the perceived capacity to make career decisions despite constraints; however, systematic validation of item responses to the scale is still in its infancy. The present article reports on research conducted to investigate the latent structure of WVS, its invariance across gender, and mean differences in work volition across income in a sample of retail workers. A bifactor structure of the WVS accounted for construct-relevant multidimensionality in scores due to the presence of general and specific volition dimensions. Tests of gender invariance revealed the equivalence of item loadings, thresholds, uniquenesses, and factor means. Support was also found for plausible latent mean differences in general volition across income, with retail workers earning high wages reporting greater volition than those earning low wages. Finally, evidence was obtained for theoretically meaningful relations of the general and specific volition dimensions with career control.
Risk Factors for Failure of Total Ankle Replacements: A Data Linkage Study Using the National Joint Registry and NHS Digital
Authors: Jennison Toby , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Lamb Sallie , Sharpe Ian , Goldberg Andy
Published: June 2023

Background:

Despite the increasing numbers of ankle replacements, there remains debate about which patients should undergo an ankle replacement, and there are limited studies analyzing risk factors for failure of an ankle replacement. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the risk factors for failure of total ankle replacements.

Methods:

A data linkage study combining the National Joint Registry (NJR) Data and NHS (National Health Service) Digital data was performed. The primary outcome of failure is defined as the removal or exchange of any components of the implanted device. Kaplan-Meier survival charts were used to illustrate survivorship. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to analyze potential risk factors for failures or ankle replacements.

Results:

The overall 5-year survival was 90.2% (95% CI 89.2%-91.1%). In multivariable (adjusted) Cox regression models, only age (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.97), body mass index (BMI; HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06), and underlying etiology (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.97) were associated with an increased risk of failure.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that younger patients and those with an increased BMI have an increased risk of failure of a primary ankle replacement. We also show that rheumatoid patients have higher survivorship than those with osteoarthritis.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Random vibration analysis of nonlinear structure with viscoelastic nonlinear energy sink
Authors: Hu Hongxiang , Chen Lincong , Qian Jiamin
Published: June 2023

Most engineering structures serve in complex and harsh dynamic environments and suffer from nonlinear vibrations generated by random excitations such as strong winds and waves, which need to be mitigated. To this end, a novel viscoelastic nonlinear energy sink (VNES) device is proposed for the vibration control of structures, whereby the random vibration of a nonlinear oscillator with a VNES device is analyzed in this paper. Specifically, the mathematical model of the structure-VNES is formulated. An approximate technique for the treatment of viscoelastic damping element modeled by the fractional derivative is developed, whereby an equivalent nonlinear system without fractional derivative is derived. The averaged Itô equations associated with the amplitude envelopes are then obtained by resorting to the stochastic averaging method. The closed-form solution of the stationary response is solved from the Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov (FPK) equation and verified by the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) data simultaneously. The effects of system parameters and noise intensity on the stationary response are sequentially examined. By comparing the VNES system to the case without attachment and one equipped with the commonly used tuned mass damper (TMD) device, the performance and robustness of the VNES are highlighted. The conclusions of this work may contribute to the efficacy of the application of the VNES in practice.
Location optimization standard of passive–active vibration isolation element for plate structures in next generation mobilities
Authors: Qiu Yang , Hong Dongwoo , Kim Byeongil
Published: June 2023

The automotive industry has transitioned from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) in recent years. Also essential to the development of the next generation are the enhancement of engine performance and production of lightweight vehicle bodies. Through this method, it is possible to increase vehicle output. However, as the vehicle’s excitation strength increases, structural noise and vibrations caused by the engine increase. Intelligent structure-based active mounting systems are widely used in the automotive industry to reduce vibration and noise. It can continuously control the dynamic characteristics of the mount system, enabling real-time control of active mounting systems. When determining the position of the active mounting system, it must be installed in the most efficient position possible. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the optimal placement criteria for an active mounting system consisting of a piezoelectric actuator and a rubber grommet. The lumped parameter model is used to model the plate structure with two hybrid mounting systems based on the source–path–receiver structure. In addition, the forces of two active mounts are calculated using static and dynamic approaches. When the calculated force on the hybrid mount system is relatively low, the location with the greatest vibration reduction can be determined, and this location can be regarded as the optimal location for the active mounting system. In addition, a feasibility test is conducted to validate the proposed criteria and validate the static and dynamic results. The findings indicate that the optimal location for the active engine mounting system can be determined.
The impact of a pharmacist-led oral anticancer clinic on medication adherence and laboratory monitoring
Authors: Megeed Ayaa , Magas Hannah , Accursi Mallory , Burant Christopher J , Hansen Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the impact that a pharmacist-managed oral anticancer clinic has on patient adherence to oral anticancer therapy in regard to medication adherence and adherence to lab monitoring.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was completed for patients prescribed abiraterone, enzalutamide, or ibrutinib within the study time period. The primary outcome was assessing medication adherence by comparing the medication possession ratio (MPR) before (Phase 1) and after (Phase 2) initiation of the pharmacist-led oral anticancer therapy clinic. The secondary outcome was assessing lab monitoring adherence by patients and providers in Phase 1 and Phase 2. This will be done by assessing whether labs were ordered at the appropriate time frame by oncology providers, as well as whether or not the patient came and got these labs drawn. This study will also examine outcomes related to the pharmacist-led oral anticancer therapy clinic (phase 2) for descriptive purposes.

Results

A total of 189 charts were analyzed with 134 excluded and 55 included (25 patients in phase 1 and 30 patients in phase 2). Independent sample t-test analyses revealed a statistically significant increase ( t(30.57) = −1.99; p = 0.027) in the MPR ratio between phase 1 (mean = 0.98, SD = 0.13) compared to phase 2 (mean = 1.04, SD = 0.08). For patient adherence to lab monitoring, there was a statistically significant improvement between phase 1 and phase 2 for patients on abiraterone (21.9% vs 67%; t(25) = −5.73; p < 0.001) and enzalutamide (35.7% vs. 90.5%; t(8) = −3.26; p = 0.006). However, for patients on ibrutinib, there was a slight decline in lab monitoring adherence between phase 1 and phase 2 but this effect was not statistically significant (56.2% vs. 51%; t(17) = 0.58; p = 0.283). Similar results were shown for provider adherence to lab monitoring. Descriptive outcomes showed that the pharmacist had, on average, 6.7 encounters per patient with the majority being phone and face-to-face appointments.

Conclusions

Data from this study demonstrated that a pharmacist-led oral anticancer clinic can improve MPR ratios and patient adherence to oral anticancer medication regimens. In addition, patient and provider lab monitoring adherence was improved for abiraterone and enzalutamide. Improvement in patient and provider lab monitoring adherence for ibrutinib was not shown, possibly due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, relatively small sample size, and retrospective nature of this study. The results of this study support that overall, a pharmacist-led oral anticancer clinic can significantly improve patient outcomes, which aligns with previous smaller studies that have shown similar benefits.
A Matter of Framing: Analyzing Value Communication in Sustainable Business Models
Authors: Norris Simon
Published: June 2023

Sustainable business models refocus value creation beyond customers only toward value creation for various other stakeholders and the natural environment as well. Extant literature acknowledges the importance of translating this stakeholder value into consumer value. However, the frames that could support this translation through different interpretations of stakeholder value are yet to be investigated. This article examines the frames that communicate the value created for other stakeholders as functional, emotional, social, and cost-related value to consumers. Based on the analysis of 17 cases, seven coexisting frames are synthesized based on the ways through which value is translated. These frames highlight the importance of emotional and social value in sustainable business models, contributing a richer understanding of value and how stakeholder value can be translated for consumers. In this regard, the article contributes a distinction between self-related and self-transcendent translations of stakeholder value into consumer value.
Framing Fear: An Analysis of the Fear-Based Framing Styles of Serial Homicide News Articles
Authors: Marceaux Hope , Jeanis Michelle N. , Stearns Ami E.
Published: June 2023

The portrayal of offenders and crime is often viewed through the framing of news stories in traditional media. This shaping of crime to fit preconstructed perspectives can result in the spread of fear-based ideals. This study assesses use of fear-based media framing in serial homicide news articles. Taking a mixed methods approach, results suggest prolific use of fear-based framing methods, with six dominant fear-based themes identified. Fear-based frames of provoking, dehumanizing, magnifying, validating, and sensationalizing fear were found and a new frame, sanctifying fear, was identified. Variability among use of frames by offender characteristics were also assessed.
Assessment of the Quality of Obstetric Services From the Perspective of Maternity Patients and Service Providers in a Tertiary Care Obstetric Unit in Lithuania
Authors: Katinaitė-Vaitkevičienė Justina , Patapas Aleksandras
Published: June 2023

Although largely focused on the patient, the provision of healthcare services is a 2-way process and its success hinges on the interactions between patients and physicians. Given the growing role of subjective, patient-dependent assessment of the quality of care received, which is increasingly influenced by the individual aspects of the interaction between patients and care providers, in addition to the explicitly measurable, objective assessment of the quality of care received based on clinical indicators, quality assessment of services should especially consider and explore the attitudes, needs and dynamics of all the parties involved in the healthcare process. This study was designed to assess the attitudes of maternity patients and healthcare providers towards the quality of obstetric care. A quantitative questionnaire survey was conducted in a tertiary level healthcare facility providing obstetric services in Lithuania. Research findings suggested that maternity patients rate both the technical and functional quality of obstetric services higher than the staff providing it. Midwives and obstetricians-gynaecologists view quality assurance as a complex process, rather than focus solely on quantitative indicators. Since midwives were rated slightly higher than physicians in terms of services they provide, it may be appropriate to ensure and encourage a wider use of midwife-only deliveries in low-risk births. A comprehensive assessment of the quality assurance aspects as viewed by the patients and the staff should be included in the regular quality assessments of healthcare facilities as one of the most informative assessment tools on the service quality.
Cross-cutting interaction, inter-party hostility, and partisan identity: Analysis of offensive speech in social media
Authors: Lyu Zeyu
Published: June 2023

This study utilizes social media data and deep-learning-based text classification methods to investigate cross-cutting interactions on social media. Our findings reveal that people are more likely to use offensive speech in response to content published by opposing partisans. Furthermore, we demonstrate how inter-party hostility is associated with the partisan identity of both the message sender and the target in the interaction. On one hand, the findings indicate that strong partisans and people who publicly assert their partisan identities tend to attack opposing partisans, suggesting a relationship between the salience of partisan identity and value defense mechanisms. On the other hand, strong partisans, especially politicians, are more likely to be the target of offensive speech from opposing partisans. The disparity in the extent of received offensive speech is argued to result from individuals’ tendency to maintain their partisan identification by expressing hostility toward representative individuals of opposing partisans.
To recommend or not recommend is the question: Does NPS predict word-of-mouth?
Authors: Schlosser Ann
Published: June 2023

The Net Promotor Score (NPS) is ubiquitous, relying on a single-item question to capture consumers’ word-of-mouth (WOM). The question asks consumers for their likelihood of recommending a brand to friends and colleagues. Despite its popularity and advantages over longer satisfaction surveys, NPS has potential weaknesses. Among them are that the NPS question (1) is double-barreled by asking in a single question for likelihood to recommend to friends and likelihood to recommend to colleagues, (2) focuses on recommendations, and thus, ignores consumers’ likelihood to spread negative WOM, and (3) ignores online WOM, which often involves recommendations to strangers rather than friends or colleagues. This paper empirically tests these three potential weaknesses of the NPS measure on the WOM conclusions derived from NPS. Specifically, three experiments vary whether NPS assesses likelihood to recommend to a friend and colleague in a single question (how NPS is currently measured) or in two separate questions. In addition, NPS is compared to responses to an explicit negative WOM question (intent to warn others about the brand). Moreover, across studies, the NPS is reported for a recent positive experience and either a recent negative experience or a recent mixed experience. NPS is also compared to likelihood to engage in online WOM in terms of posting an online review and the intended online rating. By examining these issues, this research sheds light on consumers’ interpretations of NPS, the factors that influence these interpretations, and how these factors affect NPS’ ability to predict negative WOM, online WOM, as well as satisfaction, loyal behavior, and WOM in general.
Multi-approach integration of ALS and TLS point clouds for a 3-D building modeling at LoD3
Authors: da Silva Ruiz Paulo Roberto , Almeida Claudia Maria de , Schimalski Marcos Benedito , Liesenberg Veraldo , Mitishita Edson Aparecido
Published: June 2023

Registering, documenting, updating, revitalizing, expanding, and renovating old urban buildings require proper documentation. The adoption of 3D survey techniques is essential to grant efficiency and agility to such purposes. This article discusses a multi-approach integration of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data collected by aerial and terrestrial platforms, meant for the 3D modeling of a building at Level of Detail 3. The selected building presents challenging elements for modeling, such as blocks with different heights and indented facades. It is located on the campus of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) in Curitiba, Brazil, on a site with irregular terrain and surrounded by trees, what made the terrestrial laser scanning process difficult. For its three-dimensional reconstruction, data from an Aerial Laser Scanning system were integrated with data from a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Based on the 3D modeling, an as-is Building Information Modeling model of the building’s exterior was created. To validate the results, measurements of the building were obtained by means of an Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) device and they were then compared with measurements extracted from the point cloud-based BIM model. The results demonstrate that there was a correspondence between the EDM and the LiDAR-derived measures, attaining a satisfactory statistical agreement. The article focuses on the accuracy of LiDAR models for the cadastral update of buildings, providing information for decision making in documentation projects and construction interventions. The main contribution of this work consists in a multi-approach workflow for delivering an effective and precise solution for accomplishing an as-is BIM documentation, highlighting advantages, drawbacks, and the potential of this set of methods for integrating multi-source LiDAR point clouds.
Cause for concern? The value of practical knowledge in professional education
Authors: Mæhre Kjersti Sunde , Hvitsten Bente Isabell Borthne , Halås Catrine Torbjørnsen
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper is to explore how practical knowledge can enhance higher education and Bildung for the human service professions. The paper sheds light on how governance reforms such as New Public Management have influenced higher education, where we argue that scientific rationality has weakened the professional’s autonomy and responsibility. The paper is based on the three authors’ experiences as university teachers and researchers from three different fields, namely, nursing, social work, and special education. By using Foucault’s theory of the panoptic gaze, the analysis shows what is at stake in professional practice, education, and research and introduces perspectives from practical knowledge as a more functional understanding, highlighting 1) that subjective experiences are not being legitimized, 2) the inherent knowledge of practice, and 3) evidence and valid knowledge.
Welcoming refugee children with a moral, rather than merely legal, right to education: Ideas for a cosmopolitan design of education
Authors: Rönnström Niclas , Roth Klas
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we argue for the moral and not merely the legal right to education for refugee children. National education in many countries is challenged by refugee flows and influx of displaced people. However, there is a tendency to think of refugee flows as isolated events rather than parts of the dynamics of a world society that national education systems needs to respond responsibly to and build capacity for. Consequently, there is a gap between the legal right to education for refugee children and its practical realization, and granting refugee children access to national education systems is becoming part of the problem and not only a solution to the de-territorializing and cosmopolitan challenges of refugee flows and displaced people. We argue that education for children of refugees’ need to meet with a cosmopolitan design of education in order to respond responsibly to the right to education for refugee children. In the first part, we discuss the legal right to education for refugee children, and moral challenges with regard to its practical realization in nation-centred school systems and schools. In the second part, we discuss de-territorializing effects of refugees in education by reviewing research on refugee education, refugee children’s experiences of education and by discussing refugee education in Sweden as a case. In the final part, we discuss ideas for a cosmopolitan design of education. We argue for a moral commitment to the education of refugee children in order for us to respond responsibly to their legal and moral rights and situation, but also to the legal and moral rights, and situations of those affected in host countries. We also argue for the importance of critical cosmopolitan imagination in education that does not restrict education to norms of national loyalty and national integration, or to economic norms of competitiveness and effectiveness.
Diagnostic Value and Prognosis Significance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination by Flow Cytometry in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Xue Lian , Shang Qianwen , Lu Aidong , Zuo Yingxi , Ding Mingming , Zhang Leping , Jia Yueping
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To explore the diagnostic value and the prognostic significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination by flow cytometry (FC) in children with central nervous system leukemia (CNSL). Method: This is a retrospective observational study. We select 986 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia from January 2012 to December 2018 as the research objects and analyze the sensitivity and specificity of different methods for diagnosing CNSL. The recurrence rate and survival rate of CNSL in different groups were compared. Results: Among the 986 cases, 31 cases (positive rate of 3.14%) were positive by FC, and the cytospin-based cytomorphology (CC) test was positive in 6 cases (positive rate of 0.61%). CC combined with FC might improve the diagnostic sensitivity (from 30% to 65%, 𝑥2 value was 5.143, P  =  .016). The 2-year event-free survival (EFS) of 31 FC  +  children was 59.5%  ±  9.2%, and that of 955 FC − children was 74.1%  ±  1.8% ( P  =  .004). The 2-year overall survival (OS) of the 2 groups were 63.6%  ±  9.7% and 80.2%  ±  1.5%, respectively ( P  =  .004). In order to exclude the influence of CNSL, we divided the patients into 3 groups: CNSL group and non-CNSL group with CSF FC + , FC − group. There was no significant difference in EFS between FC − group and non-CNSL group with FC  +  (2-year EFS were 74.1%  ±  1.8% and 68.7%  ±  9.8%, respectively, P  =  .142), and there was a significant difference in OS (2-year OS were 80.2%  ±  1.5% and 67.5%  ±  10.3%, respectively, P  =  .029). Conclusion: The test of FC combined with CC may improve the diagnostic sensitivity of CNSL. The EFS and OS of children with FC  +  are worse than those of children with FC −. However, for those patients with non-CNSL, but only FC  +  at the initial diagnosis, the EFS is not significantly affected by strengthening systemic chemotherapy and increasing the number of intrathecal injections.
A Call to Change Course for Established Epilepsy
Authors: Kadam Shilpa D.
Published: June 2023

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posw: A command for the stepwise Neyman-orthogonal estimator
Authors: Drukker David M. , Liu Di
Published: June 2023

Inference for structural and treatment parameters while having high-dimensional covariates in the model is increasingly common. The Neyman-orthogonal (NO) estimators in Belloni, Chernozhukov, and Wei (2016, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 34: 606–619) produce valid inferences for the parameters of interest while using generalized linear model lasso methods to select the covariates. Drukker and Liu (2022, Econometric Reviews 41: 1047–1076) extended the estimators in Belloni, Chernozhukov, and Wei (2016) by using a Bayesian information criterion stepwise method and a testing-stepwise method as the covariate selector. Drukker and Liu (2022) found a family of data-generating processes for which the NO estimator based on Bayesian information criterion stepwise produces much more reliable inferences than the lasso-based NO estimator. In this article, we describe the implementation of posw, a command for the stepwise-based NO estimator for the high-dimensional linear, logit, and Poisson models.
Visualizing uncertainty in a two-dimensional estimate using confidence and comparison regions
Authors: Eckert Maren , Vach Werner
Published: June 2023

Recently, Eckert and Vach (2020, Biometrical Journal 62: 598–609) pointed out that both confidence and comparison regions are useful tools to visualize uncertainty in a two-dimensional estimate. Both types of regions can be based on inverting Wald tests or likelihood-ratio tests. confcomptwo enables Stata users to draw both types of regions following one of the two principles for various two-dimensional estimation problems. The use of confcomptwo is illustrated by several examples.
Simultaneous tests and confidence bands for Stata estimation commands
Authors: Drukker David M.
Published: June 2023

Stata estimation commands that implement frequentist methods produce an output table that contains multiple tests and multiple confidence intervals. Presumably, the multiple tests and multiple confidence are designed to help determine which parameters are responsible for a possible rejection of the overall null hypothesis of no effect. When taken by itself, each test and each confidence interval provides valid inference about the null hypothesis of no effect for each parameter at the specified error rate. However, simultaneously using two or more of these tests or confidence intervals provides inference at an error rate that exceeds the one specified.

In this article, I discuss the sotable command, which provides p-values that are adjusted for the multiple tests and a confidence band that can be used to simultaneously test multiple parameters for no effect after almost all frequentist estimation commands. I also provide an introduction to the literature on simultaneous inference.
“How is it that Someone Like You: paragon, Damn Near Saint; Could Love this World so Damn Much but No One in It?”: Horizon Zero Dawn's Aloy and the Disruption of Hetero-Amatonormative Benevolent Sexism in Female-led Games
Authors: Allen Melissa L.
Published: June 2023

While recent data from the Entertainment Software Association indicates there is close to a 50/50 split in gender identification of gamers between men and women, the environment created by stereotypical depictions of women in games as well as negative community interactions continue creating a hostile environment for women who identify as gamers. Since the 2010s, the presence of female playable characters in major studio games began to appear with polarized reception. Horizon Zero Dawn (2017) and Horizon Forbidden West (2022) require players to assume the role of Aloy, a female machine hunter and outcast without a male playable character option. Using Glick and Fiske’s concept of benevolent sexism and the three frames outlined in Schröter and Thon’s video game narrative analysis framework (narrative, ludic, and social), Aloy's narrative was analyzed to highlight how it disrupts amatonormative benevolent sexism in female-led games.
Dimensions of Researcher Vulnerability in Qualitative Health Research and Recommendations for Future Practice
Authors: Sterie Anca-Cristina , Potthoff Sarah , Erdmann Anke , Burner-Fritsch Isabel Sophie , Oyine Aluh Deborah , Schneiders Mira L.
Published: June 2023

Vulnerability has typically been addressed in the context of research ethics from the point of view of participants, with a focus on how to prevent the potential or exacerbation of existing harm caused by the power and role asymmetries between researchers and participants. However, more recent approaches to research ethics question whether researchers are, by definition, located in a privileged position during the research process and safe from any kind of vulnerability. In line with this, we reflect on the dimensions of researcher vulnerability specific to studies using a qualitative methodology in health research. Our argument is that participants and researchers should be on the receiving end of efforts to implement ethical procedures and protection from harm. Based on the autoethnographic analysis of our experiences as qualitative health researchers, this paper aims to identify dimensions of researcher vulnerability, and draw out relevant recommendations for practice. The reflections upon which this paper is based emerged during a spring school focusing on research ethics in qualitative health research, during which we discussed situations from our own research experience which left us feeling vulnerable. We identify four dimensions related to the experience of vulnerability (reciprocity; emotional labor; application of ethical standards; reversed power asymmetries) and five crosscutting aspects relating to these dimensions (researching sensitive topics; researching in contexts of vulnerability, poverty and structural violence; being a novice; lacking adequate support; insufficient time and space for ethical reflexivity). Our recommendations address particular challenges for these dimensions, and center on the role of reflexivity, as one of the cornerstones for enabling ethical qualitative research practice, requiring us to acknowledge and address our own vulnerability and positionality. Autoethnographic exercises are particularly useful for zooming in on ethically important moments in research related to researcher vulnerability and fruitful for identifying resources to respond to such challenges in the future.
In Their Own Words: Exploring the Methodology and Ethics of Ethnotheatre in Qualitative Dementia Research
Authors: Capstick Andrea
Published: June 2023

This article discusses the development of two short plays based on qualitative data from separate research studies related to dementia, both of which were performed in the UK in 2022. The first drama ( Voices from the front line) is a relatively standard piece of verbatim theatre, based on interview data and written accounts from a research study about the experiences of the dementia workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–22. The second ( The Other Side of the Wall) is based on ethnographic data from a research study carried out with people with dementia living in long-term care, and it introduces elements of invention and absurdism. In both pieces, non-professional actors co-developed the performances, drawing on the spoken words of the original research participants. Using extracts and examples from the script development process, the article attempts to chart the developmental process for a novice ethnodramatist (although experienced dementia researcher) in meeting ethical, aesthetic and methodological challenges.
Spinal Cathepsin S promotes visceral hypersensitivity via FKN/CX3CR1/p38 MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Sun Pei , Lin Wei , Weng Yuxuan , Gong Jin , Huang Yang , Tang Ying , Lin Chun , Chen Aiqin , Chen Yu
Published: June 2023

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the typical representatives of chronic functional visceral pain that lacks effective treatment. Recently, attention has been given to the role of microglia in IBS, particularly the activation of spinal microglia and the subsequent release of Cathepsin S (Cat S), a proteolytic enzyme. However, the specific role of spinal Cat S in IBS remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-like rats by Cat S.

Methods

An IBS-like rat model was developed, and visceral sensitivity was tested via the electromyographic (EMG) response to colorectal distention (CRD) and pain threshold. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expressions of proteins. The effects of inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies on visceral pain and the downstream molecular expressions were detected. The open-field test was performed to evaluate locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviors in rats.

Results

We discovered that spinal Cat S was upregulated and colocalized with microglia in IBS-like rats. Treatment with LY3000328, a selective inhibitor of Cat S, dose-dependently down-regulated EMG amplitude and Fractalkine (FKN) expression, indicating that Cat S regulated visceral hypersensitivity via activating FKN in IBS-like rats. Furthermore, the expressions of FKN, CX3CR1, and p-p38 MAPK were elevated in IBS-like rats whereas inhibition of these molecules could alleviate visceral pain. Moreover, pharmacological inhibitor experiments suggested the activation of CX3CR1 by FKN facilitated p38 MAPK phosphorylation, which in turn promoted Cat S expression in IBS-like rats.

Conclusions

Neonatal adverse stimulation might enhance the expression of spinal microglial Cat S, thereby activating the FKN/CX3CR1/p38 MAPK pathway and lead to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-like rats. As a selective inhibitor of Cat S, LY3000328 could become a potential therapeutic option for IBS.