bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of drought adaptive traits in maize synthetic populations
Authors: Bekavac Goran , Purar Bozana , Jockovic Djordje
Published: July 2008

Maize breeders consider tolerance to drought as an important criterion in commercial breeding programs. Two traits, stay green and anthesis-silking interval seem to be closely associated with drought tolerance. The main objective of this study was to obtain estimates of means, variability, heritability and estimates of genetic correlations for several traits in two maize synthetic populations. S1 progenies were evaluated in an incomplete block design in four environments. Large genetic variability existed for all traits in both populations but highest variability was found for anthesis-silking interval. Strong, highly significant correlations between drought adaptive traits and grain moisture may cause some undesirable correlative response throughout cycles of selection.
Identification of sterile cytoplasm (CMS) in maize by using specific mtDNA primers
Authors: Ignjatovic-Micic Dragana , Nikolic Ana , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Vancetovic Jelena , Lazic-Jancic Vesna
Published: July 2008

Thirty sources of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) from Maize Gene Bank "Zemun Polje", distributed among Yugoslav OP varieties, have been tested for the presence of particular type of cytoplasm by a single seed multiplex PCR approach with specific primer pairs for T, C and S type cytoplasm. Combination of three pairs of primers in a single PCR reaction, corresponding to the chimeric regions of mtDNA sequences specific for each type of CMS, allowed reliable identification of the major CMS types. Dominant presence of S type cytoplasm was detected. For sources where there is no clear identification of the type of CMS (absence of the PCR band) there is a reasonable doubt that it could be a new, yet unidentified type of CMS.
Stability parameters of commercial maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids
Authors: Babic Vojka , Babic Milosav , Delic Nenad
Published: July 2008

Many authors showed the possibility of developing highly yielding and stable hybrids. The assumption was that commercial maize hybrids were characterized not only by the level of average yield bat also by their stability. Fifteen commercial maize hybrids of medium late and late FAO maturity groups (400-700) were used in the present study. The two-year four-replicate trials were set up in six locations according to the randomized complete-block design. Stability parameters were determined after the method of EBERHART and RUSSEL (1966), in which the genotype was considered stable if it had a high average yield, a coefficient of regression of approximately 1.0 and deviation from regression as small as possible. The obtained results show that early maturity hybrids responded better to more modest growing condition and had a greater deviation from regression, while late maturity hybrids had a coefficient of regression closer to unity and they generally better responded to improved growing conditions.
Results of poplar clone testing in field experiments
Authors: Orlovic Sasa , Pilipovic Andrej , Galic Zoran , Ivanisevic Petar , Radosavljevic Nenad
Published: July 2008

Growth vigor of 7 poplar clones was researched, i.e. 5 candidate clones for registration (B-81, B-229, PE 19/66, 182/81 and 129/8) and 2 clonal cultivars (1-214 and "Pannonia") which had been registered earlier. The taxonomy of the study poplar clones was as follows: B-81 (Populus deltoides), B-229 (Populus deltoides), PE 19/66 (Populus deltoides), 182/81 (Populus deltoides), 129/81 (Populus x euramericana), 1-214 (Populus x euramericana) and "Pannonia" (Populus x euramericana). The research was performed in three field experiments established in 2002 on the area of the Forest Estate Sremska Mitrovica. Although the experiments were established with several planting spaces, the first information indicate that the candidate clone PE 19/66 had the greatest vigor on the optimal soil types (humofluviosol and fluvisol loamy form), while the candidate clone B-81 had the advantage on the less favored soil type (meadow black soil on loess alluvium). Based on the attained diameters and heights, it can be concluded that these are the successfully established plantations and that the candidate clones showed significant genetic potentials, which points to the fact that in future the production of poplar wood volume can be significantly increased.
The study of populations of hazelnut c. Avelana L. and Turkish hazelnut C. Colurna L. and their selection
Authors: Miletic Rade , Mitrovic Milisav , Rakicevic Milan , Blagojevic Miladin , Karaklajic-Stajic Zaklina
Published: July 2008

Properties of populations of hazelnut C. avelana L. and Turkish hazelnut C. colurna L. in different regions of Serbia were studied over 1998 - 2005. Round-fruit selections suitable for candy industry were concurrently singled out. Populations of hazelnut and Turkish hazelnut are characterized by small or medium large fruits with round shape index and kernel index ranging from 0.77 - 0.89 and 0.78 - 0.84 respectively. Singled out selections of hazelnut and Turkish hazelnut have averagely medium large fruits and kernel. Round shape index of fruits and kernel of hazelnut amount to 0.98 (1.01 - 0.91) and 0.99 (1.00 - 0.96) respectively, whereas the same parameter in Turkish hazelnut amounts to 0.99 (0.99 - 0.97) and 0.98 (0.98 - 0.97). Average fruit weight of the singled out selections is 1.79 g (hazelnut) and 1.74 g (Turkish hazelnut). Average kernel mass is 0.75 - 0.70 g. i.e. kernel ratio in hazelnut and Turkish hazelnut amounts to 41% and 40.2% respectively. The mineral matter content in the kernel of the selections amounted to 2.4% and 2.3% respectively. Raw proteins content ranged from 13.8% - 12.4% respectively, and oil content ranged from 47.7 - 50.2% respectively. The majority of indicators under in situ conditions suggest that all selections singled out from the population deserve attention with objective of more intensified propagation and wider introduction into commercial production. It particularly refers to the round shaped kernel which is the most suitable for the candy industry. .
Variability and relationship among cuttings' rooting characters for eastern cottonwood
Authors: Kovacevic Branislav , Guzina Vojislav , Kraljevic-Balalic Marija , Ivanovic Mile
Published: July 2008

The influence of genotype, year and genotype x year interaction on variation of 14 characters of hardwood cutting rooting ability in field conditions, as well as relationship among them was examined in four dates of observation during the first half of vegetation period for fifteen genotypes of Populus deltoides Bartr. are presented. The influence of year rose throughout the examined period, while influence of genotype x year interaction was usually weak. Most of characters had high heritability in second date of observation (second half of May). Beside total number of first-order roots, results signify number of roots on middle and basal part of cutting, as well as shoot characters (number of leaves and shoot height), while characters describing wound roots (roots on basal cut) appeared insignificant. Examined characters were grouped according to PCA(Principal Component Analysis) in two groups, defined by number of roots in the middle part of cutting and number of roots on basal part of cutting. .
Biological and pomological properties of some walnut selections from the native population
Authors: Mitrovic Milisav , Miletic Rade , Rakicevic Milan , Blagojevic Miladin , Glisic Ivana
Published: July 2008

The paper presents major biological and pomological properties of walnut selections singled out from the region of Central and Eastern Serbia over 2002-2005. The selections are abundant croppers of extremely high vigour. The vegetation cycle begins mainly in the third decade of April, whereas flowering and inflorescence formation occur in first decade of May. Fruits ripen in the third decade of September. These selections are extremely resistant or resistant to low winter temperatures and resistant to moderately resistant to Gnomonia leptostyla. The fruits are mainly medium large or large with fruit weight ranging from 14.0 - 11.3 g. The kernel is light colored or yellow of good or very good taste, with high kernel ratio (50.0 - 45.1%). The majority of these selections have high oil content (68.2 - 61.8%) and medium raw protein content (18.3 - 15.4%). All the stated selections should be taken into consideration in respect of collection establishment and deserve to be excessively introduced into production upon testing under the respective conditions. .
The effects of the parents’ genotype on susceptibility to leaf curl (Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul) of vineyard peach hybrid seedlings
Authors: Zec Gordan , Colic Slavica , Jankovic Zoran , Djurovic Snezana
Published: July 2008

Leaf curl is one of the peach diseases with the most economically important impact, because very strong infection can cause total defoliation. Susceptibility to a leaf curl was examined from the period 1994-1998 in a collection of selected vineyard peach genotypes and newly peach and nectarine cultivars. Selected low susceptible genotypes (vineyard peach GR/65/87 and processing peach Villa Ada) were used in cross-pollination with differently susceptible genotypes. The process produced more than 250 seedlings of F1 progeny from few combinations of the parents. Susceptibility of hybrid seedlings to the leaf curl pathogen was investigated several years in the open field, without application of pesticide. More types of inheritance of examined characteristic were determinate in the progenies from different combinations of the parents. The results agree with polygenic inheritance. .
Capacities for population-genetic variation and ecological adaptations
Authors: Marinkovic Dragoslav , Kekic Vladimir
Published: July 2008

In contemporary science of population genetics it is equally complex and important to visualize how adaptive limits of individual variation are determined, as well as to describe the amount and sort of this variation. Almost all century the scientists devoted their efforts to explain the principles and structure of biological variation (genetic, developmental, environmental, interactive, etc.), basing its maintenance within existing limits mostly on equilibria proclaimed by Hardy-Weinberg rules. Among numerous model-organisms that have been used to prove these rules and demonstrate new variants within mentioned concepts, Drosophila melanogaster is a kind of queen that is used in thousands of experiments for almost exactly 100 years (CARPENTER 1905), with which numerous discoveries and principles were determined that later turned out to be applicable to all other organisms. It is both, in nature and in laboratory, that Drosophilids were used to demonstrate the basic principles of population-genetic variation that was later applied to other species of animals. In ecological-genetic variation their richness in different environments could be used as an exact indicator of the status of a determined habitat, and its population-genetic structure may definitely point out to a possibility that specific resources of the environment start to be in danger to deteriorate, or to disappear in the near future. This paper shows clear-cut differences among environmental habitats, when populations of Drosophilidae are quantitatively observed in different wild, semi-domestic and domestic environments, demonstrating a highly expressed mutual dependence of these two parameters. A crucial approach is how to estimate the causes that determine the limits of biological, i.e. of individual and population-genetic variation. The realized, i.e. adaptive variation, is much lesser than a total possible variation of a polygenic trait, and in this study, using a moderately complex gene-enzyme system, is estimated to be smaller than 0.2%. For an allozymic system based on 9 loci at three D. melanogaster chromosomes, the estimate is that chromosomal types are reduced, on the average, to ca. 3% during meiotic divisions, and that available gene-enzyme combinations are reduced further 15 times in gamete selection. So finalized metabolic or adaptive developmental programs are emphasized to be the basic targets of Darwinian selection, rather than chromosomes or individual genes, that are involved in these programs.
Genetic and phenotypic correlations between oil content and morphological traits in high oil maize population NSU1
Authors: Sreckov Zorana , Bocanski Jan , Ivanovic Mile
Published: July 2008

In this paper we are studied correlations between grain yield and oil content, on one side, and morphological traits of plant and ear, on the other side, in two testcross maize populations. In testcross combination NSU1 ? 568/II NS, oil content had positive genetic correlation with all studied traits. At the second studied population, NSU1 ? B73, oil content had positive correlation only with ear height and ear length, while correlation between oil content and plant height and kernel row number were negative. Between other studied traits, at 568/II testcrosses, the strongest relationship was found between plant and ear height, and at B73 testcrosses between plant height and ear length. In NSU1 ? 568/II NS, oil content had positive phenotypic correlations with all traits, except, with a kernel row number. In the second studied population, phenotypic correlations between oil content and all traits (except ear length) were negative. The highest value of phenotypic correlation between another studied traits, in NSU1 ? 568/II NS testcross combination, was found between plant and ear height, and in NSU1 ? B73, between plant height and kernel row number. .
Breeding approaches in simultaneous selection for multiple stress tolerance of maize in tropical environments
Authors: Denic M. , Chauque P. , Fato P. , Senete C. , Mariote D. , Haag W.
Published: July 2008

Maize is the principal crop and major staple food in the most countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. However, due to the influence of abiotic and biotic stress factors, maize production faces serious constraints. Among the agro-ecological conditions, the main constraints are: lack and poor distribution of rainfall; low soil fertility; diseases (maize streak virus, downy mildew, leaf blights, rusts, gray leaf spot, stem/cob rots) and pests (borers and storage pests). Among the socio-economic production constraints are: poor economy, serious shortage of trained manpower; insufficient management expertise, lack of use of improved varieties and poor cultivation practices. To develop desirable varieties, and thus consequently alleviate some of these constraints, appropriate breeding approaches and field-based methodologies in selection for multiple stress tolerance, were implemented. These approaches are mainly based on: a) Crossing selected genotypes with more desirable stress tolerant and other agronomic traits; b) Using the disease/pest spreader row method, combined with testing and selection of created progenies under strong to intermediate pressure of drought and low soil fertility in nurseries; and c) Evaluation of the varieties developed in multi-location trials under low and "normal" inputs. These approaches provide testing and selection of large number of progenies, which is required for simultaneous selection for multiple stress tolerance. Data obtained revealed that remarkable improvement of the traits under selection was achieved. Biggest progress was obtained in selection for maize streak virus and downy mildew resistance, flintiness and earliness. In the case of drought stress, statistical analyses revealed significant negative correlation between yield and anthesis-silking interval, and between yield and days to silk, but positive correlation between yield and grain weight per ear.
The study of chromosomal inversion polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura over years in two different habitats from mountain Goc
Authors: Andjelkovic Marko , Stamenkovic-Radak Marina , Kurbalija Zorana , Kenig Bojan , Rasic Gordana , Savkovic Vuk , Kalajdzic Predrag , Savic Tatjana , Savic Marija
Published: July 2008

We analyzed changes in the genetic structure of two ecologically distinct populations of Drosophila subobscura by assessing inversion polymorphism parameters for over years. The frequencies of gene arrangements on all five chromosomes show variability in each population. Several chromosomal arrangements appeared for the first time in both populations. Significant difference in the overall distribution of gene arrangements between first and last year of study (1998/2006) in beach wood population of D. subobscura is found for chromosome A (a sex chromosome) and autosomes J and E, while in oak wood population the overall frequency of gene arrangements differ for autosomes J, E and O. The present significant changes of the particular gene arrangements are specific for each population and result in significant differences in comparisons at the level of individual chromosomes between years of study. Although overall heterozygosity remained unchanged over the years in beech habitat, it is significantly reduced in oak population in the fourth year. The obtained results indicate that population structure may significantly depend on short-term and long-term microclimatic changes in habitats. Based on the results to date, monitoring of microevolutionary changes using D. subobscura and its relatives seems a promising way to study the effects of global changes. .
The genetics of diabetes
Authors: Barjaktarovic Nada
Published: July 2008

Pathogenesis of diabetes is still a mystery for medicine, the real challenge currently being the identification of genetic factors and specific mutations that cause the disease. Heterogeneity of diabetes hampers research, only a few loci inside the human genome being correlated with predisposition for disease till now. Insulin-dependent diabetes - IDDM (T1DM) develops through autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. HLA complex on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21), where very important genes responsible for immunological condition of the person are located, plays a very important role in genetic predisposition for T1DM. Beside this region, there are also other loci in the human genome (on chromosomes 1, 2 and 11) where a correlation with T1DM has been shown. Correlation between HLA systems and T1DM was first described for class I alleles, but recently attention has been drawn to class II loci which seem to be the cause of primary predisposition for T1DM. In the case of non-insulin-dependent diabetes - NIDDM (T2DM), the situation proved to be even more complex. Only a few genetic loci on chromosomes 11, 13 and 20 and MODY variant on chromosomes 7 and 12 have been identified by now. There are two theories about genetic basis of T2DM: the first stipulates that the genetic predisposition is determined through numerous loci, each individually responsible for a small part of predisposition; the second claims that there are a limited number of "major" genes probably functioning on a polygenic basis. Further research in this area is definitely needed to enable an accurate calculation of the risks of the disease and possible consequences during a lifetime of a person.
Identification of chromosome regions determining kernel high oil content in maize (Zea mays L.) Synthetic populations
Authors: Markovic Ksenija , Ignjatovic-Micic Dragana , Saratlic Goran , Lazic-Jancic Vesna
Published: July 2008

Chromosome regions determining kernel high oil content were identified by RFLP analysis of individual plants from C0 and C9 selection cycles of two maize synthetic populations -DS7u and YuSSSu. Identification of chromosome regions was done with informative RFLP markers (that were identified with BSA earlier) using a single plant approach - analysis of individual plants. This analysis revealed the number of plants carrying alleles that endured frequency alterations during selection process. Statistical analysis (?2 test) revealed chromosome regions that comprise putative QTLs affecting expression of kernel high oil content of analyzed maize populations. Four regions on chromosomes 1, 6, 7 and 8 were identified in both DS7u and YuSSSu populations. Additional four regions on chromosome 4, 9 and 10 were detected only in DS7u population.
Antigenotoxic effect of plant extracts
Authors: Knezevic-Vukcevic Jelena , Vukovic-Gacic Branka , Simic Draga
Published: July 2008

This report reviews our study of antigenotoxic compounds from medicinal and aromatic plants performed over several years. The studies of this type are aimed at understanding the protective mechanisms which may be relevant for the primary prevention of cancer and other mutation-related diseases. Antigenotoxic potential in this study is estimated with prokaryotic and eukaryotic tests measuring spontaneous and induced mutations, recombination, mutagenic repair, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei. Our results indicate that monoterpenoids from sage act as modulators of DNA repair pathways, whereas sage antioxidants interfere with metabolic activation enzymes. The potential use of sage extracts in cancer prevention is discussed.
Genetic variability of maize pathogens in Serbia
Authors: Stankovic Slavica , Levic Jelena , Ivanovic Dragica
Published: July 2008

Variability of some maize pathogens was identified in the last 50 years of research in Serbia, mostly by their cultural characteristics and susceptibility of test genotypes and only in some cases by determination of mating types, vegetative compatibility or biochemical methods. Although more advanced methods that can determine within population variability at the molecular level were developed, they are still not applied in research in Serbia. The highest variability was determined for maize leaf pathogens - Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs (2 races) and Bipolaris zeicola (Stout) Shoemaker (2 races), although this variability is significantly lower than the variability of the same pathogens found in the world. Researches conducted with the aim to determine mating types and vegetative compatibility of the Fusarium species, a maize root and stalk pathogen, indicated their high variability in Serbia. Considering the pathogen ability to adapt easily and quickly to new genotypes, agro-ecological conditions and crop practice, a constant surveillance of parasite divergence and epidemiology is necessary in order to avoid detrimental consequences on maize yield and quality.
Variability of peroxidase activity and heavy metal content in the needles of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) half-sib lines
Authors: Isajev Vasilije , Radotic Ksenija
Published: July 2008

Enzyme activity of peroxidases of total proteins and heavy metal contents were studied in the needles of eight different half-sib lines of Austrian pine. The samples were taken from a fourteen-year-old seedling seed orchard on Jelova Gora (near Uzice). The results of this study show the pronounced variability of the concentration of total proteins, heavy metal concentration and enzyme activity of peroxidases in the study Austrian pine half-sib lines. This infers that proteins have different levels of expression in individual Austrian pine lines. Also the enzyme of peroxidases shows different activity depending on the genetic constitution of the trees of the analysed half-sib lines, because based on the seed orchard size and the planting pattern, it can be assumed that the effect of external factors is reduced to a minimum. The peroxidases present as soluble in the apoplast or with covalent bond to cell wall, have an important role in lignification, suberisation, healing of injuries, defence against pathogens and atmospheric pollutants.
Nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heterosis and inbreeding depression in Amaranthus
Authors: Pandey R.M.
Published: July 2008

Combining ability, heterosis and inbreeding depression were estimated in grain amaranths for ten characters. Non-additive genetic variance was predominant for majority of characters in both F1 and F2 generations. The parent AG-21 was good general combiner for yield/plant also showed high GCA effects for panicles/plant and harvest index in both F1 and F2 generations. Seven characters, the best F2s on the basis of SCA involves one parent with high GCA effect and the other with poor or average GCA effects. The hybrids which exhibited highest heterosis also showed high inbreeding depression. Heterosis over better parent was highest for economic grain yield (145.047%), followed by panicles/plant (113.675%), panicle length (33.656%) and grain weight/panicle (23.566%).
Proteins in seed and seedlings of selected Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) trees as genetic markers tolerant to drought
Authors: Mataruga Milan , Isajev Vasilije , Konstantinov Kosana , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Danicic Vanja
Published: July 2008

A precondition necessary for creation and selection of genotypes tolerant of stress conditions is a study of physiological, biochemical and molecular bases of their adaptive reaction to stress. The study includes 40 lines of free pollination originating from 5 provenances: Sutjeska, Visegrad, Tara, Teslic and Durmitor (B&H, Serbia and Montenegro). Two populations were selected from each provenance, i.e.: 5 lines of free pollination represent the population growing on the cliffs and 3 lines of free pollination represent the population growing at the best site of Austrian pine. Specific characteristics of the studied provenances, populations, and free pollination lines were confirmed by the analyses in the salt-soluble proteins. The identical protein composition was proved in a small number of cases in the replicates of the same free pollination line, which indicates a high intra-line variability, which can be the result of the effect of father, as well as of heterozygosity of mother trees. The analyses of protein composition of seed showed considerable differences at provenance level. Inter-line, population and provenance differences, and also, the interaction between the origin and drought factor, were recorded for 9-day-old seedlings germinated in induced drought conditions and in normal conditions.
Polymorphism of Gli-D1 alleles of Kragujevac’s winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Knezevic Desimir , Novoselskaya-Dragovich Aleksandra
Published: July 2008

Composition of gliadins encoded by Gli-D1 allele as well polymorphisms of Gli-D1 allele investigated in 25 wheat cultivars by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoregrams obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used for estimation variability of gliadin components and identification of gliadin blocks. Five gliadin blocks encoded by different alleles at Gli-D1 locus were apparently expressed and identified. Gliadin blocks differed according to number of components and their molecular mass. Variability of determined block components indicates that existing polymorphisms of gliadins alleles. Frequency of identified 5 alleles at Gli-D1 locus was in ratio from 4% to 52%. The highest frequency of b allele and the of g allele was found.
Polygenic and miltufactorial disorders
Authors: Pajovic Snezana
Published: July 2008

Many factors influence our susceptibility to disease. These include our stress load, our environment and the toxins we absorb from it, the total number of infectious agents we are exposed to as well as our underlying genetic susceptibility to these diseases. Multifactorial is the term given to the mode of transmission shown by a large number of diseases which show familial clustering but which is not in accord with any recognized pattern of single gene inheritance. These diseases include several common congenital malformations and acquired disorders of childhood and adult life. The underlying genetic mechanism is thought to involve interaction of relatively large numbers of genes - hence oligogenic or polygenic - with environmental factors. The ultimate cause of Alzheimer?s (AD) is unknown. Genetic factors are suspected, and dominant mutations in three different genes have been identified that account for a much smaller number of cases of familial, early -onset AD. For the more form of late onset AD, ApoE is the only repeatedly confirmed susceptibility gene. Coronary artery disease is well-recognized complication of several single-gene disorders involving lipid metabolism. Over 20 genes have been proposed as candidates for polygenic coronary artery disease. These include genes which control lipid metabolism, blood pressure, clotting, and fibrinolysis.
Morphological and pomological traits variability of almond genotypes from Slankamen hill population
Authors: Colic Slavica , Zec Gordan
Published: July 2008

Almond production in Serbia is much lower then needs and possibilities and its growing are limited on garden plots. Short period of biological rest is characteristic of almond tree. Because of that its growth can be successful only in some locations in Serbia. One of such places is Slankamen hill, where almost every garden plot has almond seedlings. Spontaneous almond population from Slankamen hill has great variability of morphological and pomological traits. After several years of visiting this location and evaluating of more than 300 almond seedlings, 20 genotypes with good and regular cropping have been selected. During the 2003-06, their morphological and pomological traits were examined. Description was given on the basis of almond descriptor (G?LCAN, 1985). The research, selection and collection of almond genotypes from this locality should contribute expansion of almond tree growing area in Serbia. Genotypes 1 and 19 with medium fruit and regular crop, as well as the late-blooming genotypes 29 and 13 were selected.
Variability components and heritability of pomological and chemical characteristics in sour cherry clones of cultivar Montmorency
Authors: Fotiric Milica , Nikolic Dragan , Rakonjac Vera
Published: July 2008

In 12 sour cherry clones of cultivar Montmorency 5 pomological (fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, stone weight and fruit stem length) and 4 chemical characteristics (soluble solid content, total acid content, invert sugar content and total sugar content) were investigated. Based on results of analysis of variance for all examined characteristics, variability components, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and coefficient of heritability in a broader sense were calculated. Considering components of total variability, year represented the component that caused variability of majority examined characteristics in the highest percentage. Coefficients of genetic variation showed that in investigated clones total acid content varied the least (CVg = 1.79%), and the most fruit weight (CVg = 11.41%). The lowest phenotypic varying was determined for fruit length (CVf = 4.01%) but the highest for fruit weight (CVf = 13.86%). Coefficient of heritability was the highest for stone weight (h2 = 70.27%), and the lowest for total acid content (h2 = 7.73%).
Selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and evaluation of its fruits usability as biologically valuable food
Authors: Mratinic Evica , Fotiric Milica
Published: July 2008

To carry out domestication, five genotypes (B1, B2, R, VG and RK) were isolated from natural populations by selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). The most prominent biological-technological characteristics were studied during fruit flowering and ripening. Flowering proceeded in the period from mid-April to the 1st decade of June, while ripening lasted from the 1st decade of August to the 1st decade of October. The largest inflorescences were found in genotype R (14.32 cm in diameter). The highest number of berries per inflorescence (on average, 280), the largest berry (on average, 0.21 g), and the best fruit quality (17.19% dry matter, 11.50% sugars, 35 mg vitamin C, and 2.58 g/l total colored matter) were all demonstrated by genotype VG. In all isolated genotypes fruit demonstrated biologically high quality, which makes it a good raw material desirable for diverse forms of processing. Its high yield level, pronounced resistance to disease agents and pests, as well as adaptability to adverse conditions are a recommendation for organic-based production.
Genetic parameters of yield and morphological fruit and stone properties in apricot
Authors: Mratinic Evica , Rakonjac Vera , Milatovic Dragan
Published: July 2008

Yield, fruit and stone weight and dimensions were studied in 24 apricot cultivars over a four-year period, to determine components of variability, heritability and genetic and phenotypic correlations. The analysis of the components of total variance evidenced that genetic differences between cultivars determined to the highest percentage the variability of fruit height and stone weight and dimensions, whereas the variation of yield, and fruit weight, breadth and thickness was predominantly determined by ecological factors. The values of heritability coefficients, in a broader sense, were found to be relatively high for fruit and stone weight and dimensions (88-93%), and medium for yield (48%). It was established by correlation analysis that all genetic and phenotypic coefficients of correlation between fruit and stone weight and dimensions were positive and statistically very significant. Yield was in a very significant, positive genetic correlation with a majority of studied characters except for fruit breadth. However, the phenotypic coefficients of correlation between those properties were not statistically significant.
Interrelationship between yield and yield related traits of spring canola (Brassica napus L.) genotypes
Authors: Ivanovska Sonja , Stojkovski Cane , Dimov Zoran , Marjanovic-Jeromela Ana , Jankulovska Mirjana , Jankuloski Ljupco
Published: July 2008

The research was conducted in order to determine yield related characters which are more effective as selection criteria than yield itself. Three spring canola (Brassica napus L.) genotypes have been investigated for plant height, number of primary branches (including the main raceme), number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per pod and 1000 seed weight and their correlations with seed yield per plant. Seed yield had highest correlation with number of pods per plant (r= 0.935 and r= 0.973 in Skopje and Strumica, respectively), followed by seed weight per pod (r= 0.693 and r= 0.729) and 1000 seed weight (r= 0.627 and r= 0.680). Path coefficient analysis was used to identify the direct and indirect effect of studied characters on seed yield. Number of pods per plant (p=0.759 and p=0.877 for Skopje and Strumica, respectively) and seed weight per pod (p=0.216 and p=0.225) had the highest direct effect on seed yield in both locations followed by 1000 seed weight (p=0.056 and p=0.010). The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.943.
Characterization of maize inbred lines based on molecular markers, heterosis and pedigree data
Authors: Srdic Jelena , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Pajic Zorica , Filipovic Milomir
Published: July 2008

Information about the genetic diversity of inbred lines is essential in planning maize breeding programmes. Utilization of diverse parents in the process of hybridization has the greatest influence on producing high yielding hybrids. The aim of this research was to determine genetic diversity of ten maize inbred lines of different origin on the basis of protein and RAPD markers and to compare these results with pedigree and grain yield heterosis data. Results of genetic distances, based on protein and RAPD markers were similar and in concurrence with the date on the origin of inbreds. Usefulness of protein and RAPD markers for assigning inbreds to heterotic groups was examined by the cluster analysis. Cluster analysis based on protein markers, RAPD and heterosis showed clear grouping of lines into two main heterotic groups. Only few deviations were noticed, and those among inbreds not belonging to those heterotic groups. According to the observed results it could be concluded that grouping of inbred lines based on molecular markers, generally agrees with their pedigrees and that clusters are representatives of heterotic groups. Very high and highly significant estimate of rank correlation coefficient between RAPD and heterosis (0,876**) also confirmed that.
Variability of technological quality components in winter wheat
Authors: Zecevic Veselinka , Knezevic Desimir , Micanovic Danica
Published: July 2008

Ten winter wheat cultivars created in Small Grains Research Centre of Kragujevac (KG-56, Srbijanka, Studenica, Takovcanka, KG-56S, KG?100, Toplica, Levcanka, Gruza, and Tara) were grown at experimental field during four years. Variability of bread-making quality properties (sedimentation value, gluten content and quality, and rheological flour and dough properties) was investigated. The sedimentation value was determined by Zeleny method, gluten content by standard method, and rheological flour and dough properties by Farinograph. Quality components depended significantly of genotype and environment factors. Obtained results have shown that the highest value of sedimentation in average was at KG-56S cultivar (61.8ml). Sedimentation in all investigated cultivars was at the level of the first quality class. Wet gluten are characterized by good physical properties, and on average ranged from 25.6% (KG-100) to 36.3% (Gruza). Wheat technological quality depended predominantly of genetic potential of cultivar, and it was on the level of A2-B2 quality group. The highest impact of phenotypic variance belonged to genotype for sedimentation value, wet gluten content and rheological flour and dough properties, while for water absorption belonged to genotype-year interaction.
Breeding aspects of low temperature tolerance in wheat
Authors: Hristov Nikola , Mladenov Novica , Kondic-Sipka Ankica
Published: July 2008

Wheat resistance to low temperatures is complex in nature and dependant on variety as well as on interaction with the environment. In unfavorable conditions for hardening, even varieties resistant to cold may exhibit higher susceptibility to low temperatures. Over a two-year period (2003-04), tests were conducted in cold chamber at-15?C lasting 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours. The 23 wheat varieties analyzed were divided into four groups according to year of release. In the first group, which was mostly made up of foreign introductions, the average plant survival rate across treatments was 87%. The different origins of the varieties from this group were a significant factor behind the differences in their resistance levels. The second group, comprised of the first domestic varieties, had an average plant survival rate of 89%, while the third, containing the dominant varieties from the 1980s, had a plant survival rate of 88.4% on average. In the fourth group, consisting mostly of varieties that are currently commercially grown in the country, the average plant survival rate was 86.6%. Thanks to high temperatures present during the process of hardening, there was greater plant damage and percent winterkill in the second year than in the first. The resistance of the varieties to low temperatures has been maintained at a level enabling successful and stable production under the cold temperature stress conditions of southeastern Europe.
The polymorphism of ETR1 gene in autochthonous apple cultivars
Authors: Maric Sladjana , Boskovic Radovan , Lukic Milan
Published: July 2008

Ethylene is a plant hormone, which plays an important role in the ripening of climacteric fruits such as the apple. We studied allelic polymorphism of the ETR1 gene, encoding ethylene receptor, in 23 autochthonous apple cultivars. The polymorphism was revealed by combining the gene specific PCR and restriction of PCR product. Four alleles of the ETR1 gene (a, b, c and d) were detected, and their possible association with the fruit storage ability examined.
Assessing wheat performance using environmental information
Authors: Dodig Dejan , Zoric Miroslav , Knezevic Desimir , Dimitrijevic Bojana , Surlan-Momirovic Gordana
Published: July 2008

The partial least squares (PLS) regression model was applied to wheat data set with objective to determining the most relevant environmental variables that explained biomass per plant and grain yield genotype x environment interaction (GEI) effects. The data set had 25 wheat genotypes (20 landraces + 5 cultivars) tested for 4 years in two different water regimes: rainfed and drought. Environmental variables such as maximum soil temperature at 5 cm in April and May, soil moisture in the top 75 cm in March, and sun hours per day in May accounted for a sizeable proportion of GEI for biomass per plant. Similar results were obtained for grain yield: maximum soil temperature at 5 cm in April, May and June, and sun hours per day in May were related to the factor that explained the largest portion (>38%) of the GEI. Generally, wheat landraces are able to better exploit environments with higher temperatures and lower water availability during vegetative growth (March-June) than cultivars.
Evaluation of wheat Rht genes using molecular markers
Authors: Tosovic-Maric Biljana , Kobiljski Borislav , Obreht Dragana , Vapa Ljiljana
Published: July 2008

Using STSs and SSR markers, three worldwide the most important major height reducing genes, Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht8 were evaluated in this paper. In the analysed set of hexaploid wheat, composed of 172 genotypes originated from more than 20 countries, Rht-B1b, Rht- D1b and Rht8 were found in 40%, 22% and 62% of cases, respectively. In genotype groups of domestic and foreign origin, the highest difference in allele frequency was determined in the case of Rht8, which was more frequent in domestic genotypes (78, 3%). The Rht-B1b was dominantly present in foreign germplasm (57, 6%). Portion of Rht-D1b was almost equal with 22, 6% in domestic and 21, 2% in foreign varieties. Obtained results and accepted methodology for detection of these three, the most important Rht genes, represent great start point for Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) for high yielding wheat genotypes in agro climatic conditions of Serbia and Mediterranean area. .
Marker assisted selection in BMQ related breeding programs
Authors: Obreht Dragana , Kobiljski Borislav , Djan Mihajla , Vapa Ljiljana
Published: July 2008

Implementation of marker assisted selection (MAS) in bread making quality (BMQ) oriented breeding programs could allow genetic potential assessment of genotypes prior to their phenotypic evaluation. The mechanisms underlying some quality traits in wheat are now understood. This knowledge, coupled with the availability of the DNA sequences of the genes encoding gluten proteins and the wide application of the PCR, has enabled the design of diagnostic DNA markers for these quality traits. Bread wheat breeding programs developed in Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad have originated a wide range of quality cultivars with strong flours and hard grain texture. During twenty years, in the process of bread-making quality prediction, composition of HMW glutenin subunits were analyzed beside standard technological parameters. However, in order to improve our breeding strategies new generations of PCR-based BMQ related markers were included in selection programs. This paper provides an overview of diagnostic DNA markers that are currently in use in foreign and domestic wheat selection programs. .
A nine-base pair deletion distinguishes two En/Spm transposon alleles in maize: Their genetic activity and molecular description
Authors: Menssen Adriane , Peterson Peter
Published: July 2008

Two En/Spm-transposable element alleles of the A1 locus in maize (Zea mays) are described. One of the alleles is al-m (papu), (PETERSON, 1961). The distinctive phenotype of this allele is characterized with pale and purple sectoring amidst large areas of no sectoring. The other allele, al-m (Au), appears full colored but is heavily mutating and expresses large colorless areas. These two alleles differ in the frequency of derivative products [al-m( papu)-colorless and pale exceptions vs al- m(Au)-mostly colorless exceptions]. A molecular description is provided in an attempt to explain these differences in phenotypes and derivative products. A nine-base-pair deficiency in Exon 2 of the A1 locus of the a1- m (papu) allele originated following the origin of this allele and this deficiency is likely responsible for the differential phenotypes. The possible origin of this nine-base-pair deletion is discussed. .
Nutrigenomics
Authors: Pajovic Snezana
Published: July 2008

Nutritional genomics, or nutrigenomics, is a promising multidisciplinary field that focuses on studying the interactions between nutritional factors, genetic factors and health outcomes. Its goal is to achieve more efficient individual dietary intervention strategies aimed at preventing disease, improving quality of life and achieving healthy aging. Scientific progress in nutrition, medical and food sciences is having an increasingly profound impact on consumer's approach to nutrition. There is a growing awareness that many chronic diseases are caused by unbalanced diet. In addition to disease prevention, the role of food as an agent for improving health has been proposed and a new class of food, so called functional food, has come into being. This term is used to indicate a food that contains some health-promoting components and not only traditional nutrients. From this point of view we could argue that many nutritional products belong to the family of functional food replete with bioactive peptides, antioxidants, probiotic bacteria, highly absorbable calcium, conjugated linoleic acid and other biologically active components. Knowledge gained from comparing diet/gene interactions in different populations may provide information needed to address the larger problem of global malnutrition and disease. .
Structural integration of separation and reaction systems: I. Integration of stage-wise processes
Authors: Mitrovic Milan
Published: July 2008

The structural integration of separation processes, using multifunctional equipment, has been studied on four stage-wise liquid-liquid separations extraction, absorption, distillation, adsorption and on some combinations of these processes. It was shown for stage - wise processes that the ultimate aim of equipment integration is 3-way integration (by components by steps and by stages) and that membrane multiphase contactors present concerning the equipment optimal solutions in many cases. First, by using partially integrated equipment and, later by developing fully integrated systems it was experimentally confirmed that structural 3-way integration produces much higher degrees of component separations and component enrichments in compact and safe equipment.
Modern catalysis in the synthesis of some pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals
Authors: Petrovic Slobodan , Misic-Vukovic Milica , Mijin Dusan
Published: July 2008

Catalysis in the synthesis of Pharmaceuticals and line chemicals nowadays becomes more and more important. Synthesis that minimizes wastes is important from the economical aspect, as well as from the environmental aspect. "Green chemistry" or "green technology" is an effort to protect the environment by increasing the efficiency of the overall synthetic processes in the chemical industry by minimizing or eliminating wasteful by-products. Modern catalytic methods in the synthesis of some Pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals are discussed such as phase-transfer catalysis, biocatalysis asymmetric catalysis and, generally, solid-phase chemistry.