bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Monolithic Crystal Filter for Citizen Band Transceivers
Authors: Ono Masaaki , Tanji Shigeo , Tominaga Hideki
Published: June 2007

This paper will describe a SSB 10.7 MHz IF filter for CB band transceivers employing an integrated capacitor circuit
and four dual mode Monolithic Crystal Filters (MCFs) of AT cut Quartz. With a narrow bandwidth of 2 × 10−4, an
insertion loss of less than 5 dB, and a low temperature coefficient of the center frequency of within ± 20 ppm over the
range of − 35 to + 65℃, this filter also meets mechanical shock‐resistance requirements. The integrated capacitor
circuit consists of thin film Ta2O5 capacitors and interdigital gap capacitors formed on both sides of a Fine Grain
Alumina (FGA) substrate. Four MCFs are directly soldered to the substrate of the integrated capacitor circuit,
allowing this filter to be made smaller and lighter and have better resistance to mechanical shock. Also important, the
manufacturing process is suitable for mass production.
Thick Film Circuits for Telecommunications Equipment
Authors: Grupen William B. , Cohen Howard M.
Published: June 2007

The use of thick film passive networks and hybrid integrated circuits by the Bell System is described in this paper.
Included is a discussion of how attributes of thick films such as a large resistance range, high power handling
capability, a bipolar capacitor and multilevel interconnection capability are used to provide a range of circuit
properties that supplement the properties available in a well‐established thin film technology. Design aids permitting
a rapid transition from an electrical schematic to a finished circuit, special laser trimming procedures and material
blending procedures are described for resistor networks. Also included are assembly and packaging techniques
suitable for high reliability and low cost manufacturing. Several hybrid integrated circuits which benefit from the use
of thick films are described in terms of their particular electrical or structural requirements. Included is a family of
power converter circuits illustrating the advantages of a modular approach to circuit design in which functional
resistor trimming provides a number of different circuit characteristics. Several applications involving the use of thick
films in combination with thin films to provide special hybrid circuit properties not available from thin films alone are
described. These and other possible uses of the two technologies in the same circuit are discussed in terms of
combining the best properties of each technology to provide higher reliability and lower circuit cost. Finally, the
future for the use of thick films in the Bell System is discussed.
Photochemical Image Formation Process for High Density PrintedCircuit Patterns
Authors: Takahashi Katsuhiro , Ikari Kunihiro , Kano Jiro , Takamura Tsutomu , Ueki Toshihiro , Yamaoka Tsuguo , Tsunoda Takahiro
Published: June 2007

A new method for fabricating high density printed circuit boards has been investigated. The procedure used for
photoselective metal deposition on the substrate consists of five steps: adhesion treatment, sensitization, nucleation,
fog inhibition and electroless metal deposition. An adhesive coated substrate was sensitized by introducing an aqueous
solution containig anthraquinone sulfonic acid sodium salts, reducible noble metal salts and alcohol. The sensitized
substrate was then exposed through a mask to a u.v. light. The noble metal nuclei produced by exposure were
developed by electroless copper deposition after rinsing with aqueous solutions containing complex agents.
Electrically‐conductive patterns thus obtained can be further intensified by second electroless plate making.
Response to Comments on Paper on Grain Boundary Scattering Model for Metals
Authors: Warkusz F.
Published: June 2007

The electrical conductivity of a polycrystalline metal film has been studied for a model in which the background scattering and grain boundary scattering are independent. The external surface electron scattering has been analyzed by assuming it to be independent of background scattering and thus the external surface scattering can be conveniently described with the Cottey method.
The Influence of the Area of a Thin Film Capacitor on the Breakdown Voltage
Authors: Berlicki T.
Published: June 2007

The dependence of the breakdown voltage on the capacitor area has been examined by measurements on Al‐Al2O3‐metal thin film capacitors. The relation of Ub = kA1/c has been found for the breakdown voltage v.s. area; where c is one of the parameters describing the Weibull type of distribution.
The Influence of Filter Parameters on the Response of Ceramic Filters Operating in the Thickness‐Twist Mode
Authors: Leppävuori S. , Ruuska P.
Published: June 2007

Starting with common equivalent circuits, computer programs have been designed to enable the calculation of filter responses from the parameters of the ceramic material and the dimensions of the electrodes. By varying the parameter values their effect on the filter response is shown. To test the calculated results a number of test filters have been made and their responses measured. The filter responses have behaved as predicted by the calculations. It has been possible to calculate the response of thickness‐twist mode filters with a centre frequency in the range 1 to 5 MHz, a bandwidth of 1 to 10%, a load impedance of 100 to 600 Ω and a comparatively linear phase response.
Three Dimensional Analytical Separation of Grain Boundary and Surface Scatterings in Polycrystalline Metal Films in the Case of Non Cubic Grains
Authors: Tellier C. R. , Pichard C. R. , Tosser A. J.
Published: June 2007

Analytical approximate expressions for the resistivity and its temperature coefficient of thin polycrystalline metal films have been derived by considering separately the contributions of the grain‐boundaries perpendicular to the x‐, y‐ and z‐axes. Provided that the grain‐boundaries act as moderately efficient scatterers reasonable deviations from the three‐dimensional model are obtained; an approximate model then seems convenient with which to perform the calculations of the strain coefficients of such fine‐grained films.
Thick Film Circuits: Present State and Future Development
Authors: Novotny J.
Published: June 2007

Thick film technology has been known for about 20 years. The technique of inks, printing, firing and trimming has grown in this time to a well established state of the art. This paper gives an overview of the status today and an outlook into the future, not only for thick film, but also for hybrids built out of thick film circuits with incorporation of additional components. The paper gives the main market figures and market segments for thick film applications and mentions the main reasons for this. New fields of applications for thick film will be found in the future where considerations like reliability, space savings and cost advantage are of importance.
Permanent Interconnection Technology Electronic Interconnections – the Printed Wiring Board
Authors: Lang I. G.
Published: June 2007

Modern manufacturing techniques which have been developed in respect of interconnection and packaging systems using printed circuit boards, are outlined. It is shown that these systems are capable of meeting present and future requirements for component mounting, including VLSI.
Piezoelectric Plastic Microphones
Authors: Grubb J. A.
Published: June 2007

Current types of microphones are described and compared with designs based on a bimorph diaphragm made from piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) film. A pressure operated microphone for telephone handsets has been fully developed. Polymer film diaphragms lend themselves to highly symmetrical designs so that both first and second order pressure gradient noise cancelling units have been based on them and compare well with the available alternatives.
The Problems of Selecting a Proper Microlithographic Imaging System
Authors: Ugray L. D.
Published: June 2007

Considering the increased importance of custom integrated circuits in electronic equipments and other products there is a research activity in Hungary to develop a “state‐of‐the‐art” semiconductor development laboratory for technology development and prototype circuit fabrication. The most significant parts of this laboratory are circuit design, mask making and wafer lithography. The problems associated with these three parts are discussed.
The Effect of Microelectronics on the National Telephone Network in Hungary
Authors: Házman István
Published: June 2007

The paper deals with the general construction of the telephone network and the role of microelectronics in its development, and gives a short description of the extension of telephone services by the new equipment in rural areas in Hungary.
Microwatt Switched Capacitor Circuit Design
Authors: Vittoz E.
Published: June 2007

The micropower CMOS implementation of the three basic components of switched capacitor circuits is discussed. Switches must be carefully designed to allow low voltage operation and compensation of clock feed‐through by dummy transistors. Matched capacitors can be implemented in single polysilicon technologies primarily designed for digital micropower circuits. Excellent micropower amplifiers are realized by using simple one‐stage circuits which take advantage of the special behaviour of MOS transistors in weak inversion. Noise is shown to be independent of current level which only influences the settling time. Various ways of improving the settling time while keeping a very low current drain are described. A method of calculating the noise of a biquadratic filter is followed by examples of a filter and of other switched capacitor circuits.
Gold Conductor Pastes for High Density Circuit
Authors: Kadota Shiro , Shibata Koshiro
Published: June 2007

High grade quality in fine‐line printability, non‐porosity of fired film and adhesion to substrate is required for gold conductor pastes applicable to multilayer or high density circuit. Many kinds of gold pastes were made by the changing of types and contents of main components such as gold powder, glass frit and organic vehicle. The important properties of the fired samples of the above pastes on alumina substrate and fired dielectric pastes were compared.

Gold paste of the mixed bond type was recognized as superior in adhesion to alumina substrate, while that of the fritless type was found superior in adhesion to the fired dielectric paste and wire bondability. It is possible to print line of 70 μm width and spacing by using these gold pastes. If suitable printing conditions including screen are chosen, even 50 μm line width and spacing can be made. Non‐porosity measured by means of the back light porosity test and low resistivity of the samples met the requirement for the high density circuit.

In this paper, various properties of the above mentioned gold pastes which are most suitable to two different type substrates will be described. Also the relation between the properties and compositions of the samples will be discussed.
Processing Considerations of Thick Film Devices With Multilayered Resistors
Authors: Sugishita Nobuyuki , Ikegami Akira , Endo Tsuneo
Published: June 2007

The results of a study into the fabrication of thick film multilayer devices which include resistors on and under the thick film dielectric layers are presented. Although the resistive values of the resistors under the dielectric change in the succeeding firing processes are influenced by the geometry of the resistors, the ratio of the resistivity change in resistors fabricated with the same sheet resistivity pastes and the same geometry is almost the same. The TCR of the resistors under dielectric layers is influenced mainly by the multi‐firing processes. The resistive values and TCR of the resistors on dielectric layers are relatively uninfluenced by the dielectric. The stability of these resistors including trimmed ones under long‐term thermal storage at 150℃ is compared with that of resistors on alumina substrates.
Reliability Considerations of Flip Chip Components for Automotive Electronic Applications
Authors: Sugiyama Keisuke , Bansaku Isao , Tsuzimoto Naoharu , Tachikawa Iwao
Published: June 2007

Electronic devices for automotive electronic applications have to be operated under extreme environmental conditions and therefore are required to have higher reliability compared with general electronic equipment. Recently automotive voltage regulators, ignition systems, etc. have been changing from mechanical constructions to electronic ones using thick film technology.

This paper presents results that shows that our flip chip IC technology can satisfy the high reliability requirements of automobile electronics.
Thick‐Film Laser Trimming Principles, Techniques and Recommendations
Authors: Conradt Ric , Marcus Lynne S.
Published: June 2007

Trimming plays an essential role in the manufacture of thick‐film resistor networks. The process used to define circuit elements on a substrate, based on silk‐screening techniques, is fast and inexpensive and has greatly increased the volume of manufactured devices. However, the same factors that contribute to making the screening process economical in terms of time and simplicity also present difficulties in creating consistently accurate devices. Because of inaccuracies and variations in the screening process, manufacturers cannot guarartee resistors to better than ±10 to 20% of the desired value. Trimming each resistor enables them to overcome the inherent limitations of the screening process and increase their yields of accurate and reliable devices. The laser has become an effective tool for trimming resistors because it is fast as well as accurate and can be controlled in order to produce consistent results. The following article discusses the objectives and principles behind laser trimming, the variables that affect the ability to produce an accurate trim, and different trimming techniques. It also offers recommendations for achieving optimum trimming speed and precision.
An abnormal ProC Global test result is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism independent of test sensitivity for protein C pathway abnormalities
Authors: Perez Patricia , Rapp Jocelyn , Adda Raphaël , Toulon Pierre
Published: June 2007

The ProC® Global assay is a clotting assay primarily developed to globally evaluate the functionality of the protein C (PC) pathway. It was shown to lack both sensitivity and specificity for PC pathway abnormalities, i.e. factor V Leiden mutation, PC and PS deficiency. The hypothesis that an abnormal test result could be associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) was evaluated in a case-control study. The proportion of reduced response was significantly higher in cases than in controls [n=71/139 (51.1%) vs. n=28/147 (19.0%); p<0.0001] and the same applied after exclusion of those subjects with any PC pathway abnormality [n=53/119 (44.5%) vs. n=25/143 (17.5%); p<0.0001]. An abnormal ProC® Global assay result was significantly associated with thrombosis both in the whole population (odds ratio [OR]=4.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.61–7.53) and in those subjects without any PC pathway abnormality (OR=3.70, 95%CI=2.16–6.66). The ProC® Global assay result was significantly lower in cases with idiopathic VTE than in those with secondary VTE (p<0.0001). No significant difference was observed when cases were classified according to the presence or absence of recurrent episodes. Moreover, a reduced response was found to be associated with VTE both in subjects with normal or elevated factor VIII (FVIII) level. In vitro, FVIII was found to play a critical role in the ProC® Global assay result as suggested by the significant trend toward decreasing response with increasing FVIII levels. In conclusion, our results suggest that an abnormal ProC® Global assay result is associated with an increased risk of VTE independently of its sensitivity for PC pathway abnormalities.
The A/T1381 polymorphism in the A1-domain of von Willebrand factor influences the affinity of von Willebrand factor for platelet glycoprotein Ibα
Authors: Szántó Tímea , Schlammadinger Ágota , Staelens Stephanie , De Meyer Simon , Freson Kathleen , Pareyn Inge , Vauterin Stephan , Hársfalvi Jolán , Deckmyn Hans , Vanhoorelbeke Karen
Published: June 2007

Many polymorphisms in vonWillebrand factor (VWF) have been reported and their association with VWF plasma levels or cardiovascular diseases has been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine whether the amino acid polymorphis mA/T1381 in the VWF A1-domain would affect VWF binding to platelet GPIbα. Sixty-one normal individuals were genotyped at the A/T1381 locus. Twenty-one A/A1381 homozygotes, 30 A/T1381 heterozygotes and 10 T/T1381 homozygotes were identified. Remarkably, when compared to VWF of A/T1381 and A/A1381 individuals, VWF of individuals carrying the T/T1381 variant showed an increased affinity for its platelet receptor GPIbα under static conditions, as reflected by an increased sensitivity to low concentrations of ristocetin or botrocetin. In addition, also the rVWF-T1381 demonstrated a higher affinity for GPIbα than rVWF-A1381. Interestingly, this enhanced affinity of the T/T variant over the A/T and A/A variant was, however, too subtle to affect platelet adhesion under physiological flow conditions, which fully corroborates the normal haemostatic phenotype of all individuals. We demonstrate that the VWF A/T1381 polymorphism plays an important role in inter-individual variability of the affinity of VWF for GPIbα, with T/T variants having a higher affinity than A/A and A/T variants, at least under static conditions in vitro. Further genetic linkage and association studies are necessary to establish whether the A/T1381 polymorphism could correlate with an increased risk of thrombotic events.
Investigation of Thr715Pro P-selectin gene polymorphism and soluble P-selectin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nagy Béla , Csongrádi Éva , Bhattoa Harjit Pal , Balogh István , Blaskó György , Paragh György , Káplár Miklós , Kappelmayer János
Published: June 2007

Increased levels of soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) have been shown in a number of different disorders, e.g. diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several studies have attempted to demonstrate the association of the most intensively examined variant of P-selectin gene polymorphism (Thr715Pro) with sP-selectin levels in healthy subjects and in CVD, but contradictory data have been reported.To clarify the effect of Pro715 allele on the sP-selectin levels in type 2 DM, we analysed this polymorphism in diabetic patients and compared these data with sP-selectin levels. Type 2 DM patients (n=119), 48 BMImatched non diabetic individuals – consisting mostly of overweight subjects – and 57 healthy volunteers were included in the study.TheThr715Pro polymorphism was analysed by PCR-RFLP, while sP-selectin levels were measured by ELISA. Significantly elevated sP-selectin levels were found in both DM and in overweight subjects compared to healthy controls. We confirmed previous reports that in healthy Pro715 allele carriers lower sP-selectin levels could be measured; however, this difference was only significant in case of lean subjects. No significant difference was detected in sP-selectin level among DM and overweight individuals according to this genotype. However, significant difference was observed in sP-selectin levels in older DM patients compared to younger ones,but these levels were not accounted for by the Thr715Pro polymorphism.We suggest that in type 2 DM individuals, the significantly elevated sP-selectin levels are not due to the Thr715Pro P-selectin gene polymorphism.
In-vitro profile and ex-vivo anticoagulant activity of the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and its orally active prodrug, dabigatran etexilate
Authors: Stassen Jean-Marie , Priepke Henning , Ries Uwe Joerg , Hauel Norbert , Wienen Wolfgang
Published: June 2007

Dabigatran is a reversible and selective, direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) undergoing advanced clinical development as its orally active prodrug, dabigatran etexilate.This study set out to determine the molecular potency and anticoagulant efficacy of dabigatran and its prodrug dabigatran etexilate.This was achieved through enzyme inhibition and selectivity analyses, surface plasmon resonance studies, platelet aggregation, thrombin generation and clotting assays in vitro and ex vivo.These studies demonstrated that dabigatran selectively and reversibly inhibited human thrombin (Ki: 4.5 nM) as well as thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (IC50: 10 nM), while showing no inhibitory effect on other platelet-stimulating agents.Thrombin generation in platelet-poor plasma (PPP), measured as the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was inhibited concentration-dependently (IC50: 0.56 μM). Dabigatran demonstrated concentration-dependent anticoagulant effects in various species in vitro, doubling the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and ecarin clotting time (ECT) in human PPP at concentrations of 0.23, 0.83 and 0.18 μM, respectively. In vivo, dabigatran prolonged the aPTT dose-dependently after intravenous administration in rats (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg) and rhesus monkeys (0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg). Dose- and time-dependent anticoagulant effects were observed with dabigatran etexilate administered orally to conscious rats (10, 20 and 50 mg/kg) or rhesus monkeys (1, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg), with maximum effects observed between 30 and 120 min after administration, respectively. These data suggest that dabigatran is a potent, selective thrombin inhibitor and an orally active anticoagulant as the prodrug, dabigatran etexilate.

Footnote: Parts of this study were presented at the XVIII Congress of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Paris, July 2001. Thromb Haemost 2001; 86 (Suppl): Abstracts P755, P763.

Institution where work was carried out: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &Co KG, 88397 Biberach, Germany.
Vitamin K: The coagulation vitamin that became omnipotent
Authors: Cranenburg Ellen , Schurgers Leon , Vermeer Cees
Published: June 2007

Vitamin K, discovered in the 1930s, functions as cofactor for the post-translational carboxylation of glutamate residues. Gammacarboxy glutamic acid (Gla)-residues were first identified in prothrombin and coagulation factors in the 1970s; subsequently, extra-hepatic Gla proteins were described,including osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein (MGP). Impairment of the function of osteocalcin and MGP due to incomplete carboxylation results in an increased risk for developing osteoporosis and vascular calcification, respectively, and is an unexpected side effect of treatment with oral anticoagulants. It is conceivable that other side effects, possible involving growth-arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) protein will be identified in forthcoming years. In healthy individuals, substantial fractions of osteocalcin and MGP circulate as incompletely carboxylated species, indicating that the majority of these individuals is subclinically vitamin K-deficient. Potential new application areas for vitamin K are therefore its use in dietary supplements and functional foods for healthy individuals to prevent bone and vascular disease, as well as for patients on oral anticoagulant treatment to offer them protection against coumarin-induced side effects and to reduce diet-induced fluctuations in their INR values.
Private sector participation in health and social care services in Scotland: assessing the risk
Authors: Asenova Darinka , Stein William , McCann Claire , Marshall Alasdair
Published: June 2007

The UK Government faces increased pressure to provide health and social care services more cheaply yet at a high level of quality. Increased private sector involvement in the funding and delivery of services is seen as a major part of the solution. When assessing the relative merits of approaches to private versus public sector provision, risk may be an important differentiator. This article explores some key points of comparison on risk issues and builds a framework for the assessment of risk-related issues. A twin case study approach is adopted: a care home for older people and a Private Finance Initiative (PFI) hospital. The analysis suggests that in the case of both private financing and of private delivery of health and social care services, the increased involvement of the private sector necessitates rigorous risk assessment and management.
The harmonization of government financial information systems: the role of the IPSASs
Authors: Benito Bernardino , Brusca Isabel , Montesinos Vicente
Published: June 2007

The publication of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs) in the field of governmental financial reporting has raised the necessity for a wide-ranging discussion about the harmonization of public sector accounting systems. The article has a double aim: to show the adoption or not of IPSASs in local and central government and to analyse the level of convergence between the different countries studied. In order to achieve these objectives, we carried out an empirical study, whose results allow us to show that while some accounting systems are very close to the IPSASs model, others are completely different. Nevertheless, we think that this could be a starting point and that in the near future countries could tend towards IPSASs more and more, which may be the most probable way to reach convergence accounting systems between them.
Les représentations sociales concernant la pluralisation religieuse en Suisse
Authors: Becci Irene , Bovay Claude
Published: June 2007

English

The authors of this article analyse the social representations of religious diversity in Switzerland and the expectations regarding the State in this sphere. Analysis of recent empirical data shows that the large majority of the population associates positively established churches with political power and expects the State to frame the social and political recognition of religious diversity. On the one hand, Christianity appears an important social, cultural, ethical and political reference for many people. On the other hand, the State is expected to regulate the ``other'' religions, in particular to limit the potential violence or destabilization that is commonly associated with them. According to the authors, this way of combining the religious and the political realm calls into question the privatization thesis and shows the need to rethink religious establishment when considering religious pluralization.

French

Les auteurs de cet article proposent une analyse des représentations sociales concernant la diversité religieuse en Suisse et les attentes à l’égard de l’état dans ce domaine. L’analyse empirique de données récentes montre que la grande majorité de la population associe positivement é glises établies et pouvoir politique, et attend de l’état qu’il encadre la reconnaissance sociale et politique de la diversité religieuse. D’un coté, le christianisme apparat comme une référence sociale, culturelle, éthique et politique importante pour une grande partie de la population. D’un autre coté, l’état est considéré comme le régulateur des ‘‘autres’’ religions, notamment pour limiter le potentiel de violence ou de déstabilisation sociale qui leur est associé. Selon les auteurs, cette manière de combiner religieux et politique questionne la thèse de la privatisation et pousse à penser conjointement pluralisation et établissement religieux.
The Limits of Inter-religious Dialogue and the Form of Football Rituals: The Case of Bosnia-Herzegovina
Authors: Sterchele Davide
Published: June 2007

English

The difficulties with interfaith dialogue are linked, at least in part, to the lack of ritual forms (consisting of rules, ceremonial idioms, liturgy, and repertoires of action) designed to unite and integrate the "meta-group "formed by the various religious communities. By means of ethnographic research conducted in Bosnia-Herzegovina, the author studied the mechanisms with which, under particular conditions, some forms of collective ritual were able to create opportunities for the re-integration of the Bosnian population, which had been profoundly divided after the terrible war of 1992–95. Comparing the forms of religious rituals and those of sports rituals–in particular, of football rituals–the author develops some considerations that can be applied to the general debate about inter-religious dialogue. The comparison brings to light some of the limits and difficulties that religious institutions encounter in giving life to an interfaith dialogue that directly and concretely involves the members of different communities.

French

Les difficultés du dialogue interconfessionnel sont liées, du moins en partie, au manque de formes rituelles (faites de règles, idiomes cérémoniels, liturgies et répertoires d’action) ayant pour but d’unifier et intégrer un ‘‘méta-groupe’’ d’individus qui appartiennent à des communautés religieuses différentes. A ` travers une enquěte ethnographique conduite en Bosnie-Herzégovine, l’auteur étudie les mécanismes par lesquels, dans certaines conditions, des rituels collectifs peuvent favoriser le processus de réintégration de la population bosniaque, profondément partagée suite à la guerre terrible de 1992–95. En faisant une comparaison entre rituels religieux et rituels sportifs, en particulier ceux du football, l’auteur développe des considérations qui peuvent s’appliquer au débat général sur le dialogue interconfessionnel. La comparaison montre certaines limites et difficultés des institutions religieuses lorsqu’elles tentent de mettre en place un dialogue qui engage directement et concrètement les membres des différentes communautés.
Juif et homosexuel, affiliations identitaires et communalisation
Authors: Gross Martine
Published: June 2007

English

How does one live a plural Jewish and homosexual identity, whose elements are in conflict? By means of a quantitative and qualitative survey—consisting of, on the one hand, an investigation by questionnaire distributed to the members and sympathizers of Beit Haverim, a gay and lesbian French Jewish group, and, on the other hand, interviews with religious homosexual Jews and testimonies collected through public discussion forums—it was possible to describe the variations of this dual identity of belonging.

French

Comment vit-on une identité plurielle affirmée, juive et homosexuelle, dont les éléments sont en décalage, voire en conflit? Une étude de terrain, quantitative et qualitative, constituée d’une part d’une enquěte par questionnaire auprès des membres et sympathisants du Beit Haverim, groupe juif gay et lesbien de France et d’autre part, d’entretiens avec des Juifs homosexuels religieux et de témoignages recueillis sur des forums publics de discussion, permet de décrire les déclinaisons de cette double appartenance identitaire.
Relationship between Fibrous Structure and Spunbond Process
Authors: Salvado Rita , Silvy Jacques , Dréan Jean-Yves
Published: June 2007

The structure of spunbonded nonwovens is characterized by a filament orientation distribution function that is a length-weighted density. This density was defined according to the `Equivalent Pore Model' and was experimentally determined by an optical method. The method permits a description of the anisotropy and the main direction of the fibrous network on both faces of the webs. Despite the lesser thickness, the spunbonded nonwovens presented a different organization of the filaments on the two faces. The conveyor face was more anisotropic than the upper one. The filament lay down process in the Perfobond technology was analyzed. The combined action of the velocities of the filaments, of the belt and of the air suction, influenced the structure, causing two important effects: a rotation of the filaments and a shear stress. The air suction velocity appears to be the most important variable, which controls the action of the belt.
Prolegomena to Scalometric Analysis of the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Barr George
Published: June 2007

This article prepares the way for a full scalometric analysis of the Hebrew Bible. It places on record the cumulative sum graphs of the books of the Hebrew Bible using the Masoretic punctuation, draws attention to certain features in these graphs and indicates some areas for future study.
Producing Forests
Authors: Porter Libby
Published: June 2007

In settler societies such as Australia, the colonial state actively produced its territory to secure it from its former Aboriginal owners. Imperial spatial technologies, including exploration, surveying, mapping, (re)naming, and classification of land and its potential uses, were the primary means of this activity. These were the early foundations of planning as a form of state-based action to secure the ordering of space, the production of knowledge about space, and the organizing of action within space. Through an examination of contemporary environmental planning and its historical roots, this article shows how planning practice continues to be structured by specifically colonial imaginings of place, which serve to continue the erasure of Aboriginal philosophies, knowledge, and relationships with place.
No Kinetic Interaction Between Levetiracetam and Cyclosporine: A Case Report
Authors: Franzoni Emilio , Sarajlija Jasenka , Garone Caterina , Malaspina Elisabetta , Marchiani Valentina
Published: June 2007

Levetiracetam is a new antiepileptic drug reported to be effective and well-tolerated in adults and children affected by epilepsy. Its lack of hepatic cytochrome metabolism is the theoretic basis for the absence of interactions with other drugs that follow this pathway. We present a 14-year-old girl who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation, followed by antirejection therapy including cyclosporine. Symptomatic occipital lobe epilepsy developed that was successfully treated with oxcarbazepine, but cyclosporine plasma levels decreased to below the antirejection threshold. Oxcarbazepine was replaced by levetiracetam. Levetiracetam did not affect the metabolism of cyclosporine, and cyclosporine plasma levels have remained in the therapeutic range up to now. The patient is still seizure-free and does not complain of any side effects after a 1-year follow-up. Further studies are necessary to confirm the lack of interactions between these drugs, which would make levetiracetam a useful therapeutic option in managing seizure control during antirejection therapy with cyclosporine.
Pontine Mass Presenting as Anxiety, Obsessions, and Severe Eating Problems: A Case Report
Authors: Oner Ozgur
Published: June 2007

Psychiatric symptoms are rarely reported as presenting symptoms in brainstem gliomas in children, with anxiety being the most common one. An 8-year-old girl patient had loss of appetite, weight loss, and difficulty in swallowing severe enough to warrant parenteral nutrition and hospitalization. Psychiatric examination revealed ego-dystonic obsessions related with choking and compulsory religious rituals. Symptoms partially responded to psychotropic treatment. However, because of unremitting hiccups and left-sided weakness, brain imaging was conducted, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a diffuse pontine mass. The possible explanations for the relationship between the pontine mass and the psychiatric symptoms are discussed.
Neurodevelopment in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants With Postnatal Subependymal Cysts
Authors: Chuang Yao-Chia , Lee Chia , Chiu Nan-Chang , Shu Chyong-Hsin , Hung Han-Yang , Kao Hsin-An , Chang Jui-Hsing
Published: June 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the neurodevelopmental outcome in very low birth weight infants with postnatal subependymal cysts. During a 3-year period, postnatal subependymal cysts were diagnosed by serial cranial ultrasound in 21 very low birth weight infants born prior to 33 weeks' gestation. These infants and 116 healthy very low birth weight controls were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 2 years of age. Preterm infants with postnatal subependymal cysts had a significantly lower Psychomotor Development Index ( P = .034) and were more likely than the normal group to have motor developmental delay (Psychomotor Development Index <70) ( P = .013). The findings indicate that postnatal subependymal cyst is a significant risk factor for impaired motor development in very low birth weight infants (odds ratio 5.73, 95% confidence interval 1.57—20.97).
Moya Moya Syndrome in a Child With Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency and Combined Prothrombotic Factors
Authors: Skardoutsou Angeliki , Voudris Konstantinos A. , Mastroyianni Sotiria , Vagiakou Eleni , Magoufis George , Koukoutsakis Peter
Published: June 2007

A 13-year-old Greek girl with pyruvate kinase deficiency and moya moya angiographic pattern is reported. She also had raised serum lipoprotein (a) concentration and was homozygous for the C677T mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. She presented with neonatal onset of anemia, hemolytic and aplastic crises, especially during infections, stroke, and also progressive motor and mental deterioration. A digital cranial angiography at 13 years revealed the typical angiographic findings of moya moya angiopathy. This is likely the first patient with pyruvate kinase deficiency and moya moya syndrome and also the combination of elevated serum lipoprotein (a) concentration and the C677T mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene to be reported. In patients with pyruvate kinase deficiency and moya moya syndrome, a search for raised serum lipoprotein (a) concentrations and the C677T mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene should be considered.
Extended-Release Formulations in Epilepsy
Authors: Verrotti Alberto , Salladini Carmela , Di Marco Giovanna , Pisciella Floriana , Chiarelli Francesco
Published: June 2007

In the past years, the extended-release antiepileptic drug formulations have been developed and then approved for the treatment of many types of epilepsy. Among these extended-release formulations of antiepileptic drugs, the main drugs are valproic acid, carbamazepine, and phenytoin. This review analyzes the chemical and structural characteristics of the extended-release formulations of these 3 antiepileptic drugs, analyzing their bioequivalence and the studies about their clinical use. The results of these studies are encouraging and suggest a good tolerability and efficacy of these extended-release formulations, although larger studies are needed.
Review of the Acuity Scoring Systems for the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Their Use in Quality Improvement
Authors: Marcin James P. , Pollack Murray M.
Published: June 2007

Acuity scoring systems quantitate the severity of clinical conditions and stratify patients according to presenting patient condition. In the pediatric intensive care unit, the complexity and number of clinical scoring systems are increasing as their applications for clinicians, health services researches, and quality improvement broaden. This article is a review of acuity scoring systems for the pediatric intensive care unit, including examples of scoring systems available, the methods used in assessing these tools, the ways in which these systems are used, and the utility of acuity scoring systems in accurate benchmarking. It is anticipated that with increasing health care costs and competition and increased focus on medical error reduction and quality improvement, the demands for risk-adjusted outcomes and institutional benchmarking will increase; therefore, as clinicians, academicians, and administrators, it is imperative that we be knowledgeable of the methods and applications of these acuity scoring systems to ensure their quality and appropriate use.
Gender Disparity in Failure Rate for Arterial Catheter Attempts
Authors: Eisen Lewis A. , Minami Taro , Berger Jeffrey S. , Sekiguchi Hiroshi , Mayo Paul H. , Narasimhan Mangala
Published: June 2007

We examined risk factors associated with failure of arterial catheterization in the medical intensive care unit of a large urban teaching hospital. We analyzed 92 consecutive arterial catheterizations by internal medicine house staff and critical care fellows. Of the 92 attempts, 26.1% were done on femoral arteries, and 73.9% were done on radial arteries. Failure, which occurred in 28% of attempts, was more common in female patients ( P < .001). The failure rate was 50.0% for attempts on femoral arteries and 20.6% on radial arteries. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in patients where the attempt failed ( P = .024). In univariate analyses, hemoglobin values were lower ( P = .028) and number of percutaneous punctures were higher ( P = .019) in patients where catheterization failed. After multivariate analysis, only gender and systolic blood pressure remained statistically significant. The strongest predictor of failure was female gender. A possible explanation not explored here could be smaller arterial size in female patients.
On Sustaining Critical Discourse with Mainstream Personality Investigators
Authors: Lamiell James T.
Published: June 2007

In an American Psychologist article published in 1981, the author of the present contribution began a critique of the epistemic tenets of the traditional individual differences framework for personality research, which has long dominated the field. Though at first that article and others published soon thereafter generated some needed critical discourse within the discipline, mainstream investigative practices remain now just as they have long been, and, in the meantime, the critical discourse itself has largely ceased. In the present contribution, the author relates his attempts to understand these developments through historical research into the roots of mainstream thinking. Given the nature and depth of these roots, the continuing resistance to change within the mainstream is more readily understood. Nevertheless, it is argued, the need for such change remains, and it is observed that in the prevailing intellectual climate of the discipline, such change still does not appear imminent.
The Affordances for Social Psychology of the Ecological Approach to Social Knowing
Authors: Good James M.M.
Published: June 2007

This paper examines the engagement of theory with mainstream social psychology in terms of developments in social cognition and perception. The particular focus is the development and reception of the `ecological' or `mutualist' approach to social perception and cognition. The introduction of some terms of central concern is followed by a brief review of some of the ontological and epistemological issues that have perplexed empirical studies of social knowing. This is followed by documentation and appraisal of attempts over the past twenty-five years to `socialize' ecological psychology and to address the role of language and culture in social knowing. The final section considers some of the conceptual and methodological constraints that have impeded the promulgation of an ecological perspective. Although ecological notions have failed to make much impact on the mainstream, it is concluded that the growing interest in embedded and embodied cognition suggests the continuing relevance of the ecological approach with its relational ontology and emphasis on the reciprocity of perception and action.
What's God Got to Do with It?—A Call for Problematizing Basic Terms in the Feminist Analysis of Religion
Authors: Goldenberg Naomi R.
Published: June 2007

My goal in this lecture is to continue the adventure of feminist thought about religion that has been going on for over 30 years now. It's a discursive adventure, isn't it? A bit like hiking through new terrain—we explore how far we can go today so that others who come after us can go even farther. Or, more optimistically, so that tomorrow we ourselves can go farther still in our own lifetimes. Of course, a metaphor like hiking breaks down over this point: when we hike we don't create the terrain—although we might change it just by passing through. The land has a thereness that our activities in discourse do not—or, rather, the thereness of discourse is of a different order. Our adventure as feminist theorists is one in which we have a large part in creating that which we explore.
Gesturing Towards Speech: Acts of Restoration and Remembrance
Authors: McPhillips Kathleen
Published: June 2007

This is the story of a woman, now long dead and almost forgotten, but for a crumbling gravesite overlooking the ocean at Bronte in Sydney and some small acts of remembrance that functioned to restore her voice ever so partially. The hint of her voice allowed genealogical traces to emerge and help heal the wounds of not only the individual family genealogy to which this woman was almost lost but also for the monumental primordial forgetting of women. The story of this woman whose life seems exceptionally different from my own, whom I never met, is re-told a hundred years after she lived and breathed, to heal deep ancestral wounds and give voice to the struggles of the living and in particular to us—their grand-daughters.
Mobbing Behaviors Encountered By Nurse Teaching Staff
Authors: Yildirim Dilek , Yildirim Aytolan , Timucin Arzu
Published: June 2007

The term `mobbing' is defined as antagonistic behaviors with unethical communication directed systematically at one individual by one or more individuals in the workplace. This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted for the purpose of determining the mobbing behaviors encountered by nursing school teaching staff in Turkey, its effect on them, and their responses to them. A large percentage (91%) of the nursing school employees who participated in this study reported that they had encountered mobbing behaviors in the institution where they work and 17% that they had been directly exposed to mobbing in the workplace. The academic staff who had been exposed to mobbing behaviors experienced various physiological, emotional and social reactions. They frequently `worked harder and [were] more organized' and `worked very carefully to avoid criticism' to escape from mobbing. In addition, 9% of the participants stated that they `thought about suicide occasionally'.
Compassion and Responsibility in Surgical Care
Authors: Torjuul Kirsti , Elstad Ingunn , Sørlie Venke
Published: June 2007

Ten nurses at a university hospital in Norway were interviewed as part of a comprehensive investigation into the narratives of nurses and physicians about being in ethically difficult situations in surgical units. The transcribed interview texts were subjected to a phenomenological-hermeneutic interpretation. The main theme in the narratives was being close to and moved by the suffering of patients and relatives. The nurses' responsibility for patients and relatives was expressed as a commitment to act, and they needed to ask themselves whether their responsibility had been fulfilled, that nothing had been left undone, overlooked or neglected, before they could leave the unit. When there was confirmation by the patients, relatives, colleagues and themselves that the needs of patients and relatives had been attended to in a morally and professionally satisfying manner, this increased the nurses' confidence and satisfaction in their work, and their strength to live with the burden of being in ethically difficult situations.