bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and difference of APOBEC‐induced mutations in the TpCpW context of HBV DNA between HCC and non‐HCC
Authors: Ren FengLing , Li WeiNa , Xiang An , Wang Li , Li Meng , Guo YanHai
Published: August 2019

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is vulnerable to editing by human apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide‐like (APOBEC) cytidine deaminases. However, the distribution of APOBEC‐induced mutations on HBV DNA is not well characterized. To this end, we obtained the HBV DNA sequence of HBV‐infected individuals with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC and non‐HCC groups, respectively) from NCBI database and calculated the rapo values of APOBEC‐induced TpCpW→TpKpW mutation prevalence in HBV DNA. The results showed that the APOBEC‐induced mutations were mainly distributed in the minus strand of non‐HCC‐derived HBV DNA (rapo = 2.04), while the mutation on the plus‐strand was weaker (rapo = 0.99). There were high APOBEC‐induced mutation regions in the minus strand of HBV DNA 1 to 1000 nucleotides (nts) region and in the plus‐strand of HBV DNA 1000 to 1500 nts region; the mutations in the 1 to 1000 nts region were mainly TpCpW→TpTpW mutation types (total T/G: 111/18) and a number of these were missense mutations (missense/synonymous: 35/94 in P gene, 17/15 in S gene, and 5/10 in X gene). The difference between minus to plus‐strand rapo of HCC‐derived HBV DNA (1.96) was greater than that of the non‐HCC group (1.05). The minus‐strand rapo of HCC‐derived HBV DNA regions 1000 to1500nts and 1500 to 2000 nts (rapo = 4.2 and 4.2) was also higher than that of the same regions of non‐HCC‐derived HBV DNA (rapo = 1.2 and 1.1). Finally, the ratio of minus to plus‐strand rapo was used to distinguish HCC‐derived HBV DNA from non‐HCC‐derived HBV DNA. This study unraveled the distribution characteristics of APOBEC‐induced mutations on double strands of HBV DNA from HCC and non‐HCC samples. Our findings would help understand the mechanism of APOBECs on HBV DNA and may provide important insights for the screening of HCC.
Holographic display technology based on liquid crystal device
Authors: Wang Di , Liu Chao , Lin Shu‐Feng , Wang Qiong‐Hua
Published: August 2019

Holographic display technology can reconstruct the same images of the original objects exactly, which has played a more and more important role and become the goal of the three‐dimensional display. As liquid crystal devices can modulate the polarization state of light, they have been widely used in the holographic display to modulate the phase and amplitude of information. Among them, liquid crystal spatial light modulator and liquid crystal lens are two important devices in the holographic diffraction. In this paper, several liquid crystal devices have been introduced and the holographic display technologies based on these liquid crystal devices have been discussed. The merits and demerits of these technologies based on the liquid crystal devices have been analyzed, and the outlook of the holographic display is given in the end.
Dispersal of juvenile bobcats in a recolonizing population
Authors: Hughes Abigail M. , Reding Dawn M. , Tucker Stephanie A. , Gosselink Todd E. , Clark William R.
Published: August 2019

Natural recolonization of bobcat (Lynx rufus) populations in the midwestern United States presents challenges for managers with limited knowledge of the species’ population dynamics in a highly fragmented agricultural landscape. Dispersal is a component of population dynamics of a recolonizing population, which is likely influenced by landscape features. To better understand population expansion, we examined dispersal characteristics of juvenile (<2 yr) bobcats in recently recolonized south‐central Iowa, USA, from 2003–2009. We radio‐collared and tracked dispersal fates of 61 individuals (34 males, 27 females), with 29 (22 males, 7 females) dispersing by approximately 2 years of age and the rest remaining philopatric. Most (65%) juvenile males dispersed, whereas only 26% of females dispersed. Initiation of dispersal varied, but none occurred in July–August. Dispersal duration ranged from 4–240 days. Average age at dispersal was 16.9 ± 1.1 (SE) months. Dispersal was most prevalent in an east‐west direction and straight‐line distances ranged from 6.6–203.2 km ( = 57.9 km). On average, males dispersed 44 km farther than females. Land cover composition was similar in natal and post‐dispersal core ranges and consisted predominantly (70%) of forest and grassland. Lower abundance of forest and grassland in areas north of the study area may ultimately limit the ability of juvenile bobcats to successfully disperse and expand throughout the Corn Belt of Iowa. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Displacement of the Facial Nerve by Deep Parotid Lobe Lesions in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Maddalozzo John , Johnston Douglas R. , Isaac Andre , Bhushan Bharat , Rastatter Jeffrey C.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To describe and investigate facial nerve displacement in deep lobe parotid lesions in children and to determine clinical and radiographic predictors of abnormal facial nerve position.

Methods

Retrospective case review of children who underwent total parotidectomy for deep lobe parotid lesions at a tertiary care center between January 2014 and December 2017. Aberrant facial nerve trajectory was defined as ascension of the nerve at an angle of 45° or greater. Elongation was defined as the main trunk >2 cm in length. Patient demographics, radiographic, pathologic results, postoperative nerve weakness, and intraoperative nerve findings were collected. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test and Fisher's exact test were used to assess the associations between variables of interest and facial nerve position.

Results

A total of 20 patients were included. The mean age was 7.7 ± 5 years. The most common pathologies were lymphatic malformation, pleomorphic adenoma, and first branchial cleft cyst. Twelve out of twenty (60.0%) patients had abnormal intraoperative facial nerve position. There was no significant difference in distribution of pathologies between those with or without an abnormal intraoperative nerve position (P = .41). Neither radiographic lesion size nor distance between the lesion and proximal portion of the facial nerve (mastoid tip) were associated with abnormal facial nerve position intraoperatively.

Conclusion

Pediatric deep lobe parotid lesions can displace the facial nerve and distort its anatomy in a posterior lateral direction, in approximately 60% of patients. Statistical analysis of increased numbers of patients to further define predictors of aberrant nerve course is warranted.

Level of Evidence

4.
Injectable Polypeptide Hydrogel Depot System for Assessment of the Immune Response–Inducing Efficacy of Sustained Antigen Release Alone
Authors: Asai Daisuke , Fukuda Tadashi , Morokuma Kazunori , Funamoto Daiki , Yamaguchi Yuko , Mori Takeshi , Katayama Yoshiki , Shibayama Keigo , Nakashima Hideki
Published: August 2019

Vaccines typically contain an antigen, delivery system (vehicle), and adjuvant, all of which contribute to inducing a potent immune response. Consequently, design of new vaccines is difficult, because the contributions and interactions of these components are difficult to distinguish. Here, it is aimed to develop an easy‐to‐use, non‐immunogenic, injectable depot system for sustained antigen release that will be suitable for assessing the efficacy of prolonged antigen exposure per se for inducing an immune response. This should mimic real‐life infections. Recombinant elastin‐like polypeptides with periodic cysteine residues (cELPs) are selected, which reportedly show little or no immunogenicity, as carriers and tetanus toxoid (Ttd) as an antigen. After subcutaneous injection of the mixture, cELP rapidly forms a disulfide cross‐linked hydrogel in situ, within which Ttd is physically incorporated, affording a biodegradable antigen depot. A series of Ttd‐containing hydrogels is examined. A single injection induces high levels of tetanus antibody with high avidity for at least 20 weeks in mice. The chain length of cELP proves critical, whereas differences in hydrophobicity has little effect, although hydrophilic cELPs are more rapidly biodegraded. This system's ability to distinguish the contribution of sustained antigen release to antibody induction should be helpful for rational design of next‐generation vaccines.
Effects of Reactivity Ratios on Network Topology and Thermomechanical Properties in Vinyl Ester/Styrene Thermosets: Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Huang Ming , Abrams Cameron
Published: August 2019

Styrene‐based thermoset polymers using vinyl ester crosslinkers offer the potential ability to tune material properties via control of network topology, measured primarily by the distribution of poly(styrene) molecular weight between vinyl esters. Clearly, demonstrating a relationship between topology and properties in the glassy state has so far proven difficult using experimental approaches. Here, an approach to control network topology in molecular simulations of randomly crosslinking systems via relative reactivity is presented. Several models of nearly fully cured (vinyl ester)/styrene (VE/ST) thermosets at fixed monomer composition but with a large range of distributions of molecular weight between crosslinks, Mc, are generated. It is found that fully cured VE/ST thermosets have glass transition temperatures and glassy Young's moduli that are insensitive to Mc distributions at fixed monomer composition. Using extreme cases of relative reactivity, it is also established that glassy‐state thermomechanical properties are sensitive to the overall density of crosslinks.
On the formation of gap solitons in nonlinear electromagnetic metamaterials
Authors: Porfyrakis Polykarpos , Tsitsas Nikolaos L. , Frantzeskakis Dimitri J.
Published: August 2019

A nonlinear (Kerr‐type) electromagnetic metamaterial, characterized by a double‐Lorentz model of its frequency‐dependent linear effective dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability, is considered. The formation of gap solitons in the low‐ and high‐frequency band gaps of this metamaterial is investigated analytically. Evolution equations governing the gap solitons, of the form of a nonlinear Klein‐Gordon and a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, are obtained, and the structure of their solutions is discussed.
Ultra‐high‐frequency wideband circularly polarized crossed‐dipole antenna with wide axial‐ratio beamwidths for SATCOM applications
Authors: Li Chao , Yan Ze‐Hong , Liu Ying , Hu Wei
Published: August 2019

In this study, an ultra‐high‐frequency (UHF) wideband circularly polarized (CP) crossed‐dipole antenna with wide axial‐ratio beamwidth (ARBW) is proposed for SATCOM applications. The antenna is composed of two pairs of dipoles with umbrella‐shaped arms, and they are fed by a feeding network to generate CP radiation. Two pairs of parasitic patches are introduced symmetrically between the dipole arms and the ground plane. Due to coupling of the dipoles, currents can be induced on to the metal patches, which can not only decrease the antenna volume by increasing the current path of the dipole arms, but also additional radiation can be provided to enhance the ARBW. A prototype of proposed antenna was fabricated and measured. The measured results indicate that it operates at the UHF band ranging from 280 to 420 MHz, with a –10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 40.5% and a 3‐dB AR bandwidth of 42%. Furthermore, the antenna exhibits a 3‐dB ARBW of more than 190°within a wide operating band of 23.1%.
Direct noninvasive 1H NMR analysis of stream water DOM: Insights into the effects of lyophilization compared with whole water
Authors: Whitty Stephanie D. , Waggoner Derek C. , Cory Rose M. , Kaplan Louis A. , Hatcher Patrick G.
Published: August 2019

NMR spectroscopy is widely used in the field of aquatic biogeochemistry to examine the chemical structure of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Most aquatic DOM analyzed by proton NMR (1H NMR) is concentrated mainly by freeze‐drying prior to analysis to combat low concentrations, frequently <100 μM C, and eliminate interference from water. This study examines stream water with low dissolved organic carbon content by 1H NMR with a direct noninvasive analysis of whole water using a water‐suppression technique. Surface waters, collected from the headwaters of the Rio Tempisquito, Costa Rica, were examined directly, and the spectral characteristics were compared with those of the traditional preanalysis freeze‐drying approach revealing significant differences in the relative intensity of peaks between the whole water and freeze‐dried DOM. The freeze‐dried DOM required less time to obtain quality spectra, but several peaks were missing compared with the spectra of whole water DOM; notably the most dominant peak in the spectrum constituting roughly 10% of the DOM. The stream water DOM showed an increase in the relative intensity of aliphatic methyl and methylene groups and a decrease in carbonyl, carboxyl, and carbohydrate functionalities after freeze‐drying. The results of this study show that freeze‐drying alters the original composition of DOM and thus freeze‐dried DOM may not represent the original DOM. The information gained from whole water analysis of stream water DOM in a noninvasive fashion outweighs the attraction of reduced analysis times for preconcentrated samples, particularly for studies interested in investigating the low molecular weight fraction of DOM.
Correlates of successful transition in young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Darbari Isha , Jacobs Emily , Gordon Olivia , Weiss Diane , Winship Kim , Casella James F. , Strouse John J. , Takemoto Clifford M.
Published: August 2019

The transition period from pediatric care to adult care for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Identification of risk factors for unsuccessful transition may aid in developing strategies to improve the transition process and health outcomes in this population. We examined factors associated with unsuccessful transition from pediatric to adult care for patients with SCD at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. We found that public insurance and increased hospitalization rates were associated with poor transition to adult care. The findings provide possible areas of intervention.
Differential Chloroplast Proteomics of Temperature Adaptation in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) Microshoots
Authors: Morkūnaitė‐Haimi Šarūnė , Vinskiene Jurgita , Stanienė Gražina , Haimi Perttu
Published: August 2019

Temperature stress is one of the most common external factors that plants have to adapt to. Accordingly, plants have developed several adaptation mechanisms to deal with temperature stress. Chloroplasts are one of the organelles that are responsible for the sensing of the temperature signal and triggering a response. Here, chloroplasts are purified from low temperature (4° C), control (22° C) and high temperature (30° C) grown Malus x domestica microshoots. The purity of the chloroplast fractions is evaluated by marker proteins, as well as by using in silico subcellular localization predictions. The proteins are digested using filter‐aided sample processing and analyzed using nano‐LC MS/MS. 733 proteins are observed corresponding to published Malus x domestica gene models and 16 chloroplast genome ‐encoded proteins in the chloroplast preparates. In ANOVA, 56 proteins are found to be significantly differentially abundant (p < 0.01) between chloroplasts isolated from plants grown in different conditions. The differentially abundant proteins are involved in protein digestion, cytoskeleton structure, cellular redox state and photosynthesis, or have protective functions. Additionally, a putative chloroplastic aquaporin is observed. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014212.
Role of Capped Oleyl Amine in the Moisture‐Induced Structural Transformation of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Sandeep K. , Gopika K. Y. , Revathi M. R.
Published: August 2019

The moisture‐induced structural decomposition of lead halide perovskites is the major challenge in solar cells and light‐emitting diodes based on perovskites as the active material. The presence of moisture results in the structural conversion of cubic 3D CsPbBr3 nanocrystals to 2D CsPb2Br5 nanosheets before its decomposition to PbBr2. The capping agent used, oleyl amine, plays a crucial role in this structural transformation. The presence of moisture converts the capping agent, oleyl amine, to its salt, which transforms the 3D CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals to 2D CsPb2Br5 nanosheets. Further, these CsPb2Br5 nanosheets decompose to trigonal PbBr2, in the presence of higher amounts of water. Also, the amount of capping agent, oleyl amine, plays an important role in the rate of moisture‐induced structural transformations. The rate of decomposition increases with the amount of oleyl amine used as a result of the reaction of water with the excess ligands. By revealing the exact mechanism of the structural alterations in the presence of water, new design strategies can be used to prevent the decomposition of perovskites.
Protective effects ofGinkgo bilobaL. against natural toxins, chemical toxicities, and radiation: A comprehensive review
Authors: Omidkhoda Seyedeh Farzaneh , Razavi BiBi Marjan , Hosseinzadeh Hossein
Published: August 2019

Nowadays in our developing and industrial world, humans' health or even their life is threatened by exposure to poisons. In this situation, detecting a protective compound could be helpful and interesting. In the present article, we collected and reviewed all studies, which have been conducted so far about the protective effects ofGinkgo bilobaL. (GB), one of the most ancient medicinal tree species, against toxicities induced by chemical toxic agents, natural toxins, and also radiation. In overall, investigations showed that GB exerts the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antigenotoxicity effects in different toxicities. There are also some special mechanisms about its protective effects against some specific toxic agents, such as acetylcholine esterase inhibition in the aluminium neurotoxicity or membrane‐bond phosphodiesterase activation in the triethyltin toxicity. Ginkgolide A was the most investigated active ingredient of G.bilobaleaf extract as a protective compound against toxicities, which had the similar effects of total extract. A few clinical studies have been conducted in this field, which demonstrated the beneficial effects of GB against toxic agents. However, the promising effects of this valuable herbal extract will practically remain useless without carrying out more clinical studies and proving its effects on human beings.
Static output feedback control of switched systems with quantization: A nonhomogeneous sojourn probability approach
Authors: Cheng Jun , Park Ju H. , Zhao Xudong , Cao Jinde , Qi Wenhai
Published: August 2019

The present work deals with the problem of static output feedback control for discrete‐time switched systems (SSs) with quantization effects. Different from the existing results on SSs, a more general model with respect to a new switching rule (SR) is explored by utilizing a nonhomogeneous sojourn probability approach. Both control input and measured output are quantized by the mode‐dependent static logarithmic quantizers, respectively. To decrease the conservatism and eliminate the coupling parameters, a descriptor technology is employed in the static output feedback control scheme. In the framework of the time‐dependent SR, sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the mean square stability of resulting systems. Finally, an example is expressed to demonstrate the applicability and validity of the developed theoretical results.
Active sustainability actors: A life course approach
Authors: Koistinen Katariina , Teerikangas Satu , Mikkilä Mirja , Linnanen Lassi
Published: August 2019

There is an increasing interest in the role of actors in the pursuit of sustainability transitions. In this paper, we adopt a life course perspective to explore active sustainability actors. To this end, we interviewed 16 professionals across private, public, and third sectors in Finland. The paper's main implication is in introducing a life course perspective to the study of active sustainability actors. Second, we propose a grounded model of active actors' sustainability engagement. The model details sustainability agency formation and maintenance dynamics. Going forward, our findings are a call for further research on sustainability agency, be it in its engagement, via life courses, or via the study of different actor types.
Bcl2-Expressing Quiescent Type B Neural Stem Cells in the Ventricular–Subventricular Zone Are Resistant to Concurrent Temozolomide/X-Irradiation
Authors: Cameron Brent D. , Traver Geri , Roland Joseph T. , Brockman Asa A. , Dean Daniel , Johnson Levi , Boyd Kelli , Ihrie Rebecca A. , Freeman Michael L.
Published: August 2019

The ventricular–subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the mammalian brain is a site of adult neurogenesis. Within the V-SVZ reside type B neural stem cells (NSCs) and type A neuroblasts. The V-SVZ is also a primary site for very aggressive glioblastoma (GBM). Standard-of-care therapy for GBM consists of safe maximum resection, concurrent temozolomide (TMZ), and X-irradiation (XRT), followed by adjuvant TMZ therapy. The question of how this therapy impacts neurogenesis is not well understood and is of fundamental importance as normal tissue tolerance is a limiting factor. Here, we studied the effects of concurrent TMZ/XRT followed by adjuvant TMZ on type B stem cells and type A neuroblasts of the V-SVZ in C57BL/6 mice. We found that chemoradiation induced an apoptotic response in type A neuroblasts, as marked by cleavage of caspase 3, but not in NSCs, and that A cells within the V-SVZ were repopulated given sufficient recovery time. 53BP1 foci formation and resolution was used to assess the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Remarkably, the repair was the same in type B and type A cells. While Bax expression was the same for type A or B cells, antiapoptotic Bcl2 and Mcl1 expression was significantly greater in NSCs. Thus, the resistance of type B NSCs to TMZ/XRT appears to be due, in part, to high basal expression of antiapoptotic proteins compared with type A cells. This preclinical research, demonstrating that murine NSCs residing in the V-SVZ are tolerant of standard chemoradiation therapy, supports a dose escalation strategy for treatment of GBM. Stem Cells  2019;37:1629–1639
Phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical lady ferns (Athyriaceae), with a description of Ephemeropteris, gen. nov.
Authors: Moran Robbin C. , Garrison Hanks Judith , Sundue Michael
Published: August 2019

We carried out a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Neotropical lady ferns (Athyrium s.str. and Anisocampium) using five plastid markers. We found two major results. First, three Neotropical species (Anisocampium skinneri, Athyrium palmense, A. tejeroi) formed a clade, and this clade was sister to the rest of Athyrium. The three members of this clade differ from Athyrium s.l. by creeping rhizomes with internodes 1–2 mm long, and rhizome apices that protrude beyond the current season's cluster of leaves. Also, the leaves are distichously arranged, lack trophopods, have petiole bases broadly U‐shaped in transverse section, and bear thin, membranous laminae. We recognize this clade as a new genus, Ephemeropteris, and provide three new combinations: E. palmensis, E. skinneri, and E. tejeroi. The name of the new genus is derived from the seasonal production of its leaves, which are produced during the wet season and die back (i.e., are ephemeral) at the beginning of the dry season. Ephemeropteris is largely restricted to the Pacific side of Central America, a region that exhibits a marked dry season from November to May. We provide a key to the seven genera (including Ephemeropteris) we now recognize in the Athyriaceae, and a taxonomic treatment of the three species of Ephemeropteris. The treatment includes descriptions, illustrations, nomenclatural data, specimens cited, and a dot‐distribution map. Our second major result from the phylogenetic analysis is that the remaining three Neotropical species of Athyrium s.str. are polyphyletic. One of our seven samples was resolved in the A. filix‐femina clade (sect. Athyrium), to which all species of Neotropical Athyrium were previously assumed to belong to. Our six other samples of Neotropical Athyrium were resolved in A. sect. Mackinnoniana, previously construed as entirely Asian.
Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) recommendations for establishing a hematopoietic cell transplantation program (Part I)
Authors: Pasquini Marcelo C. , Srivastava Alok , Ahmed Syed Osman , Aljurf Mahmoud , Atsuta Yoshiko , Doleysh Carol , Galeano Sebastian , Gluckman Eliane , Greinix Hildegard , Hale Gregory , Hari Parameswaran , Hashmi Shahrukh K. , Kamani Naynesh , Laughlin Mary J. , Niederwieser Dietger , Seber Adriana , Szer Jeffrey , Snowden John A. , Biesen Koen Van , Watry Paula , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Apperley Jane
Published: August 2019

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a highly complex procedure that requires a dedicated multidisciplinary team to optimize its safety. In addition, institutions may have different needs regarding indications based on regional disease prevalence or may have an interest in developing specialized services. Yet, structured recommendations are not commonly available. Here, the Transplant Center and Recipient Issues Standing Committee for the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) organized a structured review of all pertinent elements to establish a transplant program. First, we solicited components from committee members and grouped them in domains (infrastructure, staff, cell processing laboratory, blood banking, laboratory, radiology, pharmacy, HLA testing, ancillary services and quality). Subsequently, reviewers scored all elements on a 7-point scale, from an absolute requirement (score of 1) to not required (score of 7). An independent group of five experienced transplant physicians reviewed the rankings. Minimum requirements to establish any HCT program were identified among elements with mean score of ≤2.0, and specific elements for allogeneic and autologous HCT were identified. Mean scores >2.0–4.0 were classified as preferred recommendation, and mean scores of >4.0 to ≤7.0were considered ideal recommendations for advanced and complex types of transplantation. This structured set of recommendations guides the prioritization of minimum requirements to establish a transplant program and to set the path for expansion and further development.
Introduction to Electrodynamics
Authors: Griffiths David J.
Published: August 2019

This well-known undergraduate electrodynamics textbook is now available in a more affordable printing from Cambridge University Press. The Fourth Edition provides a rigorous, yet clear and accessible treatment of the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory and offers a sound platform for explorations of related applications (AC circuits, antennas, transmission lines, plasmas, optics and more). Written keeping in mind the conceptual hurdles typically faced by undergraduate students, this textbook illustrates the theoretical steps with well-chosen examples and careful illustrations. It balances text and equations, allowing the physics to shine through without compromising the rigour of the math, and includes numerous problems, varying from straightforward to elaborate, so that students can be assigned some problems to build their confidence and others to stretch their minds. A Solutions Manual is available to instructors teaching from the book; access can be requested from the resources section at www.cambridge.org/electrodynamics.
The Coxford LectureHonour, Oaths, and the Rule of Law
Authors: Horwitz Paul
Published: August 2019

Impersonality is frequently invoked as a core element of the rule of law. In this article, I discuss a troika of values and institutions–office, honour, and the oath–that provide deeply personal springs for the conduct of judges and other office-holders. In so doing, these institutions make possible the sort of impersonality valued by the rule of law. A focus on office emphasizes the importance of duty rather than power. Honour is the desire to be well thought of by others, and the internalized desire to deserve to be thought well of by others, especially one’s peers. Honour is often treated as an obsolete value that has been superseded by dignity. But it remains an essential force, providing judges and other office-holders with a source of energy and agency that motivates them to fulfil the duties of their office with virtue and excellence. The oath serves as a linchpin that connects the individual to the office and the office-holder to the commitment to serve honourably. Taken together, this troika of institutions encourages the faithful and energetic performance of one’s judicial office in a modern democratic constitutional society. Thinking about the rule of law this way encourages us to shift our focus from power to duty, and from doctrine to character and virtue. It encourages us to revive and revise honour rather than abandon it. It helps show that an impersonal “government of laws and not men” is and ultimately must be deeply personal.
Research on National Disaster Life Support Course in China
Authors: Tang Lujia , Pan Shuming , Chen Ying , Tang Hongmei , Li Xuejing
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

To provide scientific, theoretical support for the improvement of medical disaster training, we systematically analyzed the National Disaster Life Support (NDLS) Course and established a training curriculum with feedback based on the current status of disaster medicine in China.

Methods:

The gray prediction model is applied to long-term forecast research on course effect. In line with the hypothesis, the NDLS course with feedback capability is more scientific and standardized.

Results:

The current training NDLS course system is suitable for Chinese medical disasters. After accepting the course training, audiences’ capabilities were enhanced. In the constructed GM (1,1) model prediction, the developing coefficients of the pretest and the posttest are 0.04 and 0.057, respectively. In light of the coefficient, the model is appropriate for the long-term prediction. The predicted results can be used as the basis for constructing training closed-loop optimization feedback. It can indicate that the course system has a good effect as well.

Conclusions:

According to the constructed GM model, the NDLS course system is scientific, practical, and operational. The research results can provide reference for relevant departments and be used for the construction of similar training course systems.
COALTERNATIVE COALGEBRAS
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE HELENA , BARREIRO ELISABETE , SÁNCHEZ JOSÉ M. , CALVO CARLOS SONEIRA
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we define a Cayley–Dickson process for k-coalgebras proving some results that describe the properties of the final coalgebra, knowing the properties of the initial one. Namely, after applying the Cayley–Dickson process for k-coalgebras to a coassociative coalgebra, we obtain a coalternative one. Moreover, the first coalgebra is cocommutative if and only if the final coalgebra is coassociative. Finally we extend these results to a more general approach of D-coalgebras, where D is a k-coalgebra, presenting a class of examples of coalternative (non-coassociative) coalgebras obtained from group D-coalgebras.
Dietary dilemmas over fats and cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Lovegrove Julie A.
Published: August 2019

CVD remains the greatest cause of death globally, and with the escalating prevalence of metabolic diseases, including type-2 diabetes, CVD mortality is predicted to rise. While the replacement of SFA has been the cornerstone of effective dietary recommendations to decrease CVD risk since the 1980s, the validity of these recommendations have been recently challenged. A review of evidence for the impact of SFA reduction revealed no effect on CVD mortality, but a significant reduction in risk of CVD events (7–17%). The greatest effect was found when SFA were substituted with PUFA, resulting in 27% risk reduction in CVD events, with no effect of substitution with carbohydrate or protein. There was insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials to conclude upon the impact of SFA replacement with MUFA on CVD and metabolic outcomes. However, there was high-quality evidence that reducing SFA lowered serum total, and specifically LDL-cholesterol, a key risk factor for CVD, with greatest benefits achieved by replacing SFA with unsaturated fats. The exchange of SFA with either PUFA or MUFA, also produced favourable effects on markers of glycaemia, reducing HbA1c, a long-term marker of glycaemic control. In conclusion, the totality of evidence supports lowering SFA intake and replacement with unsaturated fats to reduce the risk of CVD events, and to a lesser extent, cardiometabolic risk factors, which is consistent with current dietary guidelines.
The effect of infant-directed speech on early multimodal communicative production in Spanish and Basque
Authors: DE PABLO Irati , MURILLO Eva , ROMERO Asier
Published: August 2019

We analyzed the effect of infant-directed speech (IDS) on multimodal communicative production of children at the beginning of the second year of life in two different languages: Spanish and Basque. Twelve Spanish and twelve Basque children aged between 12 and 15 months observed two versions of an audiovisual story: one version was narrated with IDS and the other with adult-directed speech (ADS). We analyzed the use of gaze and the communicative behaviors produced by children. The time spent looking at the story increases in the IDS condition regardless of the language of the narration. Children produced more multimodal communicative behaviors while watching the IDS version both in Spanish and in Basque. These results suggest that IDS increases attention and social engagement promoting joint attention episodes.
How to Make the Passions Active: Spinoza and R.G. Collingwood
Authors: Douglas Alexander
Published: August 2019

Most early modern philosophers held that our emotions are always passions: to experience an emotion is to undergo something rather than to do something. Spinoza is different; he holds that our emotions – what he calls our ‘affects’ – can be actions rather than passions. Moreover, we can convert a passive affect into an active one simply by forming a clear and distinct idea of it. This theory is difficult to understand. I defend the interpretation R.G. Collingwood gives of it in his book, The Principles of Art. An affect, it turns out, is passive when it is ambiguous whether we or somebody else is the subject of the affect. An affect is active when we fully accept the affect as our own. Here, I outline Collingwood's interpretation and then develop it further.
THE POLISH-SAXON EPISODE IN THE LIFE OF GREGOR JOSEPH WERNER
Authors: PACZKOWSKI SZYMON
Published: August 2019

Musicological literature devoted to the life and works of Gregor Joseph Werner (1693–1766) has remained very limited. Researchers have usually been motivated to discover more about him for two reasons: the fact that from 1728 he was Kapellmeister at the court of the Esterházy princes in Eisenstadt, and that while there he met and worked with the great Joseph Haydn. It is no exaggeration to claim that Werner is usually mentioned only because of this association: he has found his way into music history on account of his connection with Haydn. However, this approach leaves too much room for a superficial assessment of Werner's achievements as a composer. Haydn valued his music and commented on it favourably. His private music collection included Werner's Good Friday oratorios and arrangements of the Lamentations of Jeremiah. In a striking testament to the respect he had for Werner's music, Haydn also arranged six of Werner's fugues for string quartet, writing his own musical introductions, and published them with Artaria in Vienna in 1804 as VI Fugen in Quartetten auf zwey Violin, Viola und Violonzell von G. J. Werner Weyland Kapelmeister S. D. des Fürsten N. Esterházy etc. / Aus besonderer Achtung gegen diesen berühmten Meister nun herausgegeben von dessen Nachfolger J. Haydn, a volume dedicated to Prince Nicholas Esterházy II.
Editorial introduction to ‘Collectivist planning’ by Michael Polanyi (1940)
Authors: Hodgson Geoffrey M. , Polanyi Michael
Published: August 2019

After an esteemed academic career as a chemist, Michael Polanyi switched to the social sciences and made significant contributions to our understanding of the nature and role of knowledge in society. Polanyi's argument concerning knowledge led him to emphasise the vital importance of decentralised mechanisms of adjustment and coordination, including markets. His article ‘Collectivist Planning’ (1940) enters into debates about the possibility (or otherwise) of centrally planning scientific and economic activity. This early article also foreshadows post-war debates within the Mont Pèlerin Socierty (formed in 1947) concerning the economic role of the state and the future of liberalism.
Investigation of circular polarization technique inQ-slot antenna
Authors: Abed Amer T. , Singh Mandeep S. J. , Jawad Aqeel M.
Published: August 2019

This paper describes and analyzes a new technique used inQ-slot antenna to generate circular polarization (CP). The CP characteristics were investigated carefully by studying the surface current distribution, the phase difference between the left hand circular polarization (LHCP) and right hand circular polarization (RHCP) at some resonant frequencies, and the measured values of the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). Normal arms (E1andE2) were cut in the upper elliptical feeding strip line to form an open-mouth structure. The armsE1andE2were made equal in length and set perpendicular to each other to have normal electric fields, leading to the generation of CP radiation. A formula was modified for the dual resonant frequenciesf1,f2of the modesTM010andTM001. The measured values of the ARBW indicated that the antenna has a wide ARBW of 4.8–5.93 GHz, which is approximately 52% of the 3rd operating band of 4.7–6.8 GHz. The wide ARBW in a small size indicated that the design of theQ-slot antenna overcame the limits of designing antennas with wide ARBW in small size and low profile. A formula for normalized field was driven according to the complementary of theQ-slot antenna.
Depressive symptoms and sleep problems as risk factors for heart disease: a prospective community study
Authors: Deschênes S. S. , Burns R. J. , Graham E. , Schmitz N.
Published: August 2019

Aims

The goals of the present study were to examine the associations between depressive symptoms, sleep problems and the risk of developing heart disease in a Canadian community sample.

Methods

Baseline data were from the CARTaGENE study, a community health survey of adults aged 40–69 years in Quebec, Canada. Incidence of heart disease was examined inN= 33 455 participants by linking survey data with administrative health insurance data. Incident heart disease was identified using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, 9th or 10th edition (ICD-9 and ICD-10) diagnostic codes for heart disease. Sleep problems were assessed with diagnostic codes for sleep disorders within the 2 years preceding the baseline assessment. Average sleep duration was assessed by self-report. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire.

Results

In total, 2448 (7.3%) participants developed heart disease over an average follow-up period of 4.6 years. Compared to those without depressive symptoms and with no sleep disorders, those with elevated depressive symptoms and a sleep disorder (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.83–3.69), those with depressive symptoms alone (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.25–1.57) and those with sleep disorders alone (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.03–1.73) were more likely to develop heart disease. Test of additive interaction suggested a synergistic interaction between depressive symptoms and sleep disorders (synergy index = 2.17 [95% CI 1.01–4.64]). When sleep duration was considered, those with long sleep duration and elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to develop heart disease than those with long sleep alone (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.37–2.28; and HR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.99–1.36, respectively).

Conclusions

Depression and diagnosed sleep disorders or long sleep duration are independent risk factors for heart disease and are associated with a stronger risk of heart disease when occurring together.
Rückschau auf 10 Jahre interdisziplinäre Stomatologie-Sprechstunde an den Universitätszahnkliniken in Basel
Authors: Hitz Lindenmüller Irène , Itin Peter , Lambrecht J. Thomas , Gassner Sarah
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung. Niedergelassene Zahnärzte treffen im Verlauf ihres Berufslebens eher selten auf pathologische Mundschleimhautbefunde. Diese richtig einzuordnen, ist selbst für spezialisierte Oralchirurgen auf den ersten Blick nicht immer einfach. Aus diesem Grund ist es sinnvoll, Stomatologie-Sprechstunden an spezialisierten zahnmedizinischen Zentren anzubieten. An diesen werden dank der Überweisungen Mundschleimhautveränderungen häufiger gesehen und damit schneller und sicherer diagnostiziert und therapiert. Da Befunde an der Schleimhaut auch Hinweise auf Erkrankungen der Haut und den allgemeinen Gesundheitszustand der Patienten liefern können, ist bei komplexen Krankheitsbildern eine interdisziplinäre Abklärung notwendig und sinnvoll. Oralchirurgen, Mund-Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgen, Dermatologen und Otorhinolaryngologen der Universitätszahnkliniken Basel und des Universitätsspitals Basel beurteilen in einer seit 1996 etablierten interdisziplinären Stomatologie-Sprechstunde gemeinsam komplexe Krankheitsbilder bezüglich Anamnese und Klinik, veranlassen die erforderlichen diagnostischen Massnahmen und legen gemeinsam die Behandlung fest. Im Rahmen einer Dissertation wurden die Resultate der interdisziplinären Stomatologie-Sprechstunde aus den Jahren 2003 – 2013 aufgearbeitet und werden im Folgenden vorgestellt.
Treatment of the antiphospholipid syndrome with direct oral	anticoagulants
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert , Langer Florian , Kalka Christoph , Konstantinides Stavros , Klamroth Robert , Oldenburg Johannes , Schellong Sebastian , Scholz Ute , Stücker Markus , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard
Published: August 2019

Summary. The antiphospholipid-syndrome (APS) is one of the most severe forms of thrombophilia, which may not only lead to recurrent venous but also to arterial thromboembolic events (TE), and to severe pregnancy complications, respectively. APS is defined by clinical symptoms and specific laboratory findings: 1. Lupus anticoagulant (LA), 2. anticardiolipin-antibodies (ACA), and 3. β2-Glycoprotein I-antibodies (β2GPI-Ab). All test results have to be confirmed after at least 12 weeks. The thrombotic risk is highest, if all 3 test groups are positive. It must be pointed out that the presence of UFH, VKA or DOACs may lead to false positive LA-test results; the addition of a specific absorber after blood sampling may provide reliable results in the presence of DOACs. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing warfarin and rivaroxaban (TRAPS-trial) including only high-risk patients with triple positive APS was terminated early because of an increased rate of TE in patients treated with rivaroxaban [19 %, mostly arterial, compared to 3 % with warfarin (HR 7.4;1.7–32.9)]. Subsequently, a warning letter was issued by the pharmaceutical manufacturers of DOACs, including a warning of DOAC use in APS-patients, particularly in triple-positive high-risk patients. Conclusions: 1. Clinical suspicion of APS requires careful diagnostic testing. Because of inadequate diagnostic workup, many patients may not even have an APS, and these patients could be adequately treated with a DOAC. 2. Patients with single or double positive antiphospholipid antibodies but without positive LA may have a comparably low thrombotic risk and may also be treated with a DOAC in venous TE – sufficient evidence for that conclusion is not yet available but is suggested by the results of meta-analyses. 3. Triple positive patients or those with APS who suffered from arterial thromboembolism have a very high recurrence risk of thrombosis; the TRAPS-Study shows that these patients should be treated with VKA instead of a DOAC.
Validierung des QbMini Tests zur Diagnose der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) bei fünfjährigen Kindern
Authors: Labarga Sara Zaplana , Hoberg Kathrin , Hamadache Salsabil , Günther Thomas
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: ADHS tritt bei 2 %-8 % aller Vorschüler auf. Zur Diagnose von ADHS im Vorschulalter gibt es derzeit nur wenige Verfahren. Ziel dieser Studie war die Validierung des psychometrischen Verfahrens QbMini Test für das Vorschulalter. Dieser PC-gestützte Test erfasst Aufmerksamkeit und Impulsivität anhand eines Daueraufmerksamkeitstests, während die Hyperaktivitätsmessung über eine Infrarotkamera erfolgt. Methodik: Der QbMini Test wurde mit 95 5-jährigen Kindern mit und ohne ADHS durchgeführt. Die Eltern füllten symptomspezifische Verhaltensbögen für ADHS aus. Ergebnisse: Der QbMini Test erfasst die drei Hauptsymptome von ADHS. Aus dem Vergleich des QbMini Tests mit den Verhaltensbogen ergaben sich insbesondere für den Faktor Hyperaktivität signifikante Korrelationen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die ersten Daten sprechen dafür, dass der QbMini Test in der ADHS-Diagnostik im Vorschulalter eine gute Ergänzung zu den bestehenden Verfahren ist.
The Effects of Exposure to Positive Gender Stereotypes on	Women’s and Men’s Performance in Counter-Stereotypical Tasks and	Pursuit of Agentic and Communal Goals
Authors: Kahalon Rotem , Shnabel Nurit , Becker Julia C.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Two studies examined the effects of exposure to positive gender stereotypes on performance in counter-stereotypical domains and pursuit of agentic and communal goals. Exposure to stereotypes about women’s communality (Study 1, N = 108) led to impaired math performance among women, regardless of their math identification. Exposure to stereotypes about men’s agency (Study 2, N = 129) led to impaired performance in a test of socio-emotional ability among men high in domain identification. Moreover, among women with high math identification, exposure to the communality stereotype increased the pursuit of agentic goals. Among men, exposure to the agency stereotype tended to decrease the pursuit of communal goals. These results are consistent with accumulating evidence for the “dark side” of positive stereotypes, yet, for women, they also point to active attempts to counteract them.