bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety factors in wall thickness calculation of rectification columns
Authors: Petronić Sanja , Čolić Katarina , Jarić Arko , Ćurčić Nebojša , Burzić Zijah , Sofijanić Svetozar
Published: February 2022

Gas rectification columns are a very important part of each onshore plant. Their sudden failures cause huge losses on a daily basis, while fluid leakage can be very dangerous to people and environment. For that reason, the proper design of the column is of huge importance, among the others safety factors as well. In this paper, the wall thickness measure is presented with the aim to calculate corrosion rate and remaining life of rectification columns. The minimum required column wall thickness was calculated according to the most commonly used international standard and the obtained difference was analyzed.
Perceived discrimination and psychological well-being among immigrants living in Greece: Separation as mediator and interdependence as moderator
Authors: Kateri Evangelia , Papastylianou Donna , Karademas Evangelos
Published: February 2022

The present study was based on the rejection-identification model regarding migrants acculturation. Personal perceived discrimination, acculturation attitudes, self-construal, and psychological well-being were examined simultaneously in Albanian and Indian immigrants residing in Greece (N = 233). It was hypothesized that perceived discrimination would be related negatively to immigrants’ psychological well-being, both directly and indirectly. A positive relationship was expected between perceived discrimination and separation and a negative relationship between discrimination and integration, or assimilation. It was, also, expected a positive relationship of perceived discrimination to interdependent self-construal and a negative relationship to independent self-construal. Furthermore, it was examined the mediating role of separation in the association of perceived discrimination with psychological well-being and the moderating role of interdependent self-construal in the association of perceived discrimination with psychological well-being. According to the results, perceived discrimination was positively related to separation and negatively to integration, but was related neither to independent nor to interdependent self-construal. Perceived discrimination was, also, positively related to depression directly and indirectly. Fewer depressive symptoms were reported by those immigrants who face discrimination but also select separation. Immigrants with high levels of interdependence, also, do seem to be protected from depression and anxiety. The interpretation of these findings signifies that, when immigrants who perceive discrimination choose separation from the host country, they may reduce their depression feelings, by fitting into relationships with in-group members. Interdependence and the perception of immigrants self as a social unit, also, may act protectively for their psychological well-being, enhancing the identification with the in-group, as well.
How can students’ entrepreneurial intention be increased? The role of psychological capital, perceived learning from an entrepreneurship education program, emotions and their relationships
Authors: Chevalier Séverine , Calmé Isabelle , Coillot Hélène , Le Rudulier Karine , Fouquereau Evelyne
Published: February 2022

Entrepreneurship education has become a major focus of interest for researchers and national policy makers to encourage students to pursue entrepreneurial careers. The research on entrepreneurship education–entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) has yielded mixed results, and indicates the need to focus on antecedents of EI. More precisely, the aim of this paper was to examine antecedents of students’ EI in French entrepreneurship education programs. Participants were 460 French university undergraduates. Structural equation modeling results revealed that students’ Psychological Capital (PsyCap) had a significant positive relationship with perceived learning from the program and a significant negative relationship with negative emotions related to entrepreneurial actions. They also show that PsyCap indirectly enhanced EI. More precisely, students with high PsyCap learned more from the program in terms of perceived skills and knowledge and in turn had a higher EI. Moreover, students with high PsyCap had less entrepreneurial action-related doubt, fear and aversion, which also increased EI. This decrease in negative emotions can be explained notably by what students perceived they had learned from the program. This article concludes with the implications of these findings for future research and practical applications.
Trudinger-type inequalities on Musielak-Orlicz-Morrey spaces of an integral form
Authors: Ohno Takao , Shimomura Tetsu
Published: February 2022

Our aim in this paper is to give Trudinger-type inequalities for Riesz potentials of functions in Musielak-Orlicz-Morrey spaces of an integral form over non-doubling metric measure spaces. Our result are new even for the doubling metric measure setting. As a corollary, we give Trudinger-type inequalities on Musielak-Orlicz-Morrey spaces of an integral form in the framework of double phase functions with variable exponents.
Representability of the local motivic Brouwer degree
Authors: Quick Gereon , Strand Therese , Wilson Glen Matthew
Published: February 2022

We study which quadratic forms are representable as the local degree of a map $f \colon \mathbb{A}^n \to \mathbb{A}^n$ with an isolated zero at $0$, following the work of Kass and Wickelgren who established the connection to the quadratic form of Eisenbud, Khimshiashvili, and Levine. Our main observation is that over some base fields $k$, not all quadratic forms are representable as a local degree. Empirically the local degree of a map $f \colon \mathbb{A}^n \to \mathbb{A}^n$ has many hyperbolic summands, and we prove that in fact this is the case for local degrees of low rank. We establish a complete classification of the quadratic forms of rank at most $7$ that are representable as the local degree of a map over all base fields of characteristic different from $2$. The number of hyperbolic summands was also studied by Eisenbud and Levine, where they establish general bounds on the number of hyperbolic forms that must appear in a quadratic form that is representable as a local degree. Our proof method is elementary and constructive in the case of rank 5 local degrees, while the work of Eisenbud and Levine is more general. We provide further families of examples that verify that the bounds of Eisenbud and Levine are tight in several cases.
Affine and formal abelian group schemes on $p$-polar rings
Authors: Bauer Tilman
Published: February 2022

We show that the functor of $p$-typical co-Witt vectors on commutative algebras over a perfect field $k$ of characteristic $p$ is defined on, and in fact only depends on, a weaker structure than that of a $k$-algebra. We call this structure a $p$-polar $k$-algebra. By extension, the functors of points for any $p$-adic affine commutative group scheme and for any formal group are defined on, and only depend on, $p$-polar structures. In terms of abelian Hopf algebras, we show that a cofree cocommutative Hopf algebra can be defined on any $p$-polar $k$-algebra $P$, and it agrees with the cofree commutative Hopf algebra on a commutative $k$-algebra $A$ if $P$ is the $p$-polar algebra underlying $A$; a dual result holds for free commutative Hopf algebras on finite $k$-coalgebras.
KDM6B interacts with TFDP1 to activate P53 signaling in regulating mouse palatogenesis
Authors: Guo Tingwei , Han Xia , He Jinzhi , Feng Jifan , Jing Junjun , Janečková Eva , Lei Jie , Ho Thach-Vu , Xu Jian , Chai Yang
Published: February 2022

Epigenetic regulation plays extensive roles in diseases and development. Disruption of epigenetic regulation not only increases the risk of cancer, but can also cause various developmental defects. However, the question of how epigenetic changes lead to tissue-specific responses during neural crest fate determination and differentiation remains understudied. Using palatogenesis as a model, we reveal the functional significance of Kdm6b, an H3K27me3 demethylase, in regulating mouse embryonic development. Our study shows that Kdm6b plays an essential role in cranial neural crest development, and loss of Kdm6b disturbs P53 pathway-mediated activity, leading to complete cleft palate along with cell proliferation and differentiation defects in mice. Furthermore, activity of H3K27me3 on the promoter of Trp53 is antagonistically controlled by Kdm6b, and Ezh2 in cranial neural crest cells. More importantly, without Kdm6b, the transcription factor TFDP1, which normally binds to the promoter of Trp53, cannot activate Trp53 expression in palatal mesenchymal cells. Furthermore, the function of Kdm6b in activating Trp53 in these cells cannot be compensated for by the closely related histone demethylase Kdm6a. Collectively, our results highlight the important role of the epigenetic regulator KDM6B and how it specifically interacts with TFDP1 to achieve its functional specificity in regulating Trp53 expression, and further provide mechanistic insights into the epigenetic regulatory network during organogenesis.
Sciatica Reveling Thigh Hydatidosis
Authors: Iken Maryem , Boussaidane Mohamed , Lmimouni1 Badr , Boussouga Mostapha
Published: February 2022

Primary hydatid disease of musculoskletal system represents 1–4 % of all locations, and can take on the appearance of a soft tissue tumor. We present here a case of 62 year old man who developped a soft swelling of Posterior aspect of the thigh with distal sciatica of the left lower limb. Ultrasonography reinforced by MRI suspected an hydatid cysts diagnosis. Serologic test (ELISA) was positive. Patient underwent total surgical removal of all cystic formations, with adjunctive postoperative Mebendazole chemotherapy (15 mg/kg/day) for three months. At 03 years follow-up, patient was free of pain and had total functional recovery without local recurrence of the disease.
GaborNet: investigating the importance of color space, scale and orientation for image classification
Authors: Rimiru Richard M. , Gateri Judy , Kimwele Micheal W.
Published: February 2022

Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is the cornerstone of today’s image retrieval systems. The most distinctive retrieval approach used, involves the submission of an image-based query whereby the system is used in the extraction of visual characteristics like the shape, color, and texture from the images. Examination of the characteristics is done for ensuring the searching and retrieval of proportional images from the image database. Majority of the datasets utilized for retrieval lean towards to comprise colored images. The colored images are regarded as in RGB (Red, Green, Blue) form. Most colored images use the RGB image for classifying the images. The research presents the transformation of RGB to other color spaces, extraction of features using different color spaces techniques, Gabor filter and use Convolutional Neural Networks for retrieval to find the most efficient combination. The model is also known as Gabor Convolution Network. Even though the notion of the Gabor filter being induced in CNN has been suggested earlier, this work introduces an entirely different and very simple Gabor-based CNN which produces high recognition efficiency. In this paper, Gabor Convolutional Networks (GCNs or GaborNet), with different color spaces are used to examine which combination is efficient to retrieve natural images. An extensive experiment using Cifar 10 dataset was made and comparison of simple CNN, ResNet 50 and GCN model was also made. The models were evaluated through a several statistical analysis based on accuracy, precision, recall, F-Score, area under the curve (AUC), and receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results shows GaborNet model effectively retrieve images with 99.68% of AUC and 99.09% of Recall. The results also shows different images are effectively retrieved using different color space. Therefore research concluded it is very significance to transform images to different color space and use GaborNet for effective retrieval.
Immune checkpoint expression and relationships to anti‐PD‐L1 immune checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapy efficacy in aged versus young mice
Authors: Garcia Myrna G. , Deng Yilun , Murray Clare , Reyes Ryan M , Padron Alvaro , Bai Haiyan , Kancharla Aravind , Gupta Harshita , Shen‐Orr Shai , Curiel Tyler J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Aging is the biggest cancer risk, and immune checkpoint (IC) inhibition (ICI) is a revolutionary cancer immunotherapy approach. Nonetheless, there are limited preclinical/clinical data regarding aging effects on ICI outcomes or age effects on IC expression in different organs or tumors.

Methods

Flow cytometry assessed IC on immune and non‐immune cells in various organs in young and aged BL6 mice. Comparisons: aged versus young naïve WT versus interferon‐γKO mice and WT challenged with B16F10 melanoma and treated with αPD‐1 or αPD‐L1 ICI. We co‐cultured young and aged T cells and myeloid cells in vitro and used OMIQ analyses to test cell–cell interactions.

Results

αPD‐1 ICI treated melanoma in young and aged hosts, whereas αPD‐L1 ICI was only effective in young. We found considerable, previously undescribed age effects on expression of various IC molecules participating in the ICI treatment, including PD‐1, PD‐L1, PD‐L2, and CD80, in distinct organs and in the tumor. These data help explain differential ICI efficacy in young and aged hosts. Host interferon‐γ influenced age effects on IC expression in both directions depending on specific IC molecule and tissue. IC expression was further affected by tumor challenge on immune, non‐immune, and tumor cells in tumor and other organs. In in vitro co‐culture, αPD‐1 versus αPD‐L1 distinctly influenced polyclonal T cells in young versus aged, suggesting mechanisms for distinct age‐related ICI outcomes.

Conclusion

Age affects IC expression on specific immune cells in an organ‐ and tissue‐specific manner. ICs were generally higher on aged immune cells. High immune‐cell PD‐1 could help explain αPD‐1 efficacy in aged. High co‐expression of CD80 with PD‐L1 on dendritic cells could help explain lack of αPD‐L1 efficacy in aged hosts. Factors other than myeloid cells and interferon‐γ also affect age‐related IC expression and T cell function, meriting additional studies.
Data on COVID payments' effect on overdose don't match the hype
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2022

A newly released study suggests that economic impact payments to individuals during the pandemic might have contributed to a surge in opioid overdose deaths, but the results are being portrayed to the public as having a much more dramatic impact. While the study paper from researchers at Bowling Green State University clearly states that the results don't indicate that the payments caused the rise in deaths, language in a news release from the Ohio Attorney General's Office implies a cause‐and‐effect relationship.
Deaths by intentional ODs increase among young people
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2022

Intentional drug overdose deaths — suicides — have increased in young people aged 15–24, according to a study published this month. The study also found women were more likely to die from intentional drug overdoses. Overall, deaths by suicide from drug overdose have declined. “Intentional Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States,” published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, found that the rates increased among:
Dual‐Redox Sites Guarantee High‐Capacity Sodium Storage in Two‐Dimension Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Jianming , Ye Minghui , Zhang Yufei , Tang Yongchao , Hu Xuanhe , He Jun , Li Cheng Chao
Published: February 2022

2D π‐d conjugated metal–organic frameworks (c‐MOFs) are promising anode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high intrinsic conductivity and stability in organic electrolytes. However, the development of c‐MOFs with multi‐redox sites to improve the overall performance of SIBs is highly desired but remains a great challenge. Herein, this work reports the electrochemically active hexaazatrinaphthylene‐based 2D π‐d c‐MOFs (HATN‐XCu, X = O or S) as advanced anode materials with dual‐redox sites for SIBs. The ordered porous and layer‐stacked structure can provide fast transmission and diffusion channels for ions along the stacking directions. Ex situ Fourier transformed infrared spectra together with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal the dual‐redox site storage mechanism of HATN‐XCu, namely, the continuous multi‐electron reactions occurring on the redox‐active CN group and [CuX4] unit, respectively. Based on the synergistic effect of dual‐redox sites, HATN‐OCu anode exhibits impressive reversible capacity (500 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and high‐rate performance (151 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). Significantly, a sodium‐ion full battery assembled using a HATN‐OCu anode and Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode also displays high‐rate performance (117 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and stable long‐cycle life (the capacity retention of 80% after 500 cycles at 2 A g−1).
Binder‐Free MoN Nanofibers Catalysts for Flexible 2‐Electron Oxalate‐Based Li‐CO2 Batteries with High Energy Efficiency
Authors: Qi Guicai , Zhang Junxiang , Chen Lin , Wang Bin , Cheng Jianli
Published: February 2022

Owing to the ultrahigh theoretical energy density and environmental friendliness of CO2 fixation, Li‐CO2 batteries are regarded as one of sustainable high‐energy‐density power sources for different applications including wearable electronics. Most of reported Li‐CO2 batteries utilize expensive, noble metal‐based catalysts via 4‐electron Li2CO3 as discharged products, leading to low energy efficiency, electrolyte side‐reaction, and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, a 2‐electron Li‐CO2 battery based on noble metal‐free and binder‐free MoN nanofibers on carbon cloth is fabricated with high energy efficiency and fast reaction kinetics. The fabricated batteries exhibit an initial median charge potential of low to 3.19 V with a potential gap of 0.36 V, high energy efficiency up to 88%, and >500 h cycle stability. Experimental and theoretical computation results demonstrate that Li2C2O4 as 2‐electron intermediate products are stabilized by delocalized electrons of Mo3+ in MoN to form the Mo–O coupling bridge, leading to reversible Li2C2O4 formation/decomposition accompanied with high energy efficiency and fast battery reaction. The batteries also show superior flexibility and stable power output under different deformations.
Genetically Engineered Nanohyaluronidase Vesicles: A Smart Sonotheranostic Platform for Enhancing Cargo Penetration of Solid Tumors
Authors: Xu Shuyu , Shi Xiaoxiao , Ren En , Zhang Jianzhong , Gao Xing , Mu Dan , Liu Chao , Liu Gang
Published: February 2022

Precise anti‐cancer therapy is hampered by aberrant tumor microenvironments (TME), which include the important features of the dense tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) and hypoxia. The capability of hyaluronidase (HAase) to degrade hyaluronic acid (HA), the main component of ECM, can prompt its rapid development in sonotherapeutics aimed at regulating the microenvironment. In this study, the authors design a bioengineering‐based smart enzymatic nanovesicle mHAase combined with purpurin 18 (P18) to form mHAase@nP18 that naturally anchors native HAase to the matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) cleavable peptide. This nanovesicle system demonstrates a high expression of HAase and drug loading capability of the sonosensitizer, purpurin 18, for dual‐mode fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging‐guided sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Notably, mHAase@nP18 shows enhanced enzyme stability and activity in comparison to free HAase owing to avoidance of the protein crown shield; meanwhile, the released HAase causes a further elevation of its activity for SDT in an MMP‐2‐dependent manner. In vitro and in vivo results indicate the mHAase@nP18 can greatly enhance tumor penetration and alleviate hypoxia via HA degradation, further causing a heightened SDT effect. This work provides a promising strategy of stimuli‐responsive bioengineering of cell membrane vesicles for effective TME modulation and enhanced therapeutic results.
Emerging Nanoporous Materials for Biomolecule Separation
Authors: Song Yongyang , Bao Han , Shen Xinyi , Li Xiuling , Liang Xinmiao , Wang Shutao
Published: February 2022

Biomolecule separation plays a vital role in downstream applications ranging from omics research, structure analysis, and drug purification to clinical diagnosis. Among all existing materials and technologies towards biomolecule separation, nanoporous materials take the leading place. To achieve efficient biomolecule separation, the interface of nanoporous materials is always modified with a monolayer containing specific functional groups. However, the monolayer modification strategy still encounters bottlenecks due to extremely low abundance of target biomolecules, strong interference from high‐abundance background biomolecules, similar characteristics of compounds, unspecific adsorption, et al. Recently, several emerging nanoporous materials, which are prepared without the monolayer modification process, have been reported for high‐efficient, high‐specific, and rapid biomolecule separation. In this review, the authors summarize the emerging nanoporous materials for biomolecule separation, mainly focusing on the design principle and separation performance that are different from classical nanoporous materials. First, the classic design strategy of monolayer modification is discussed and the recent progress with this aspect is introduced. Then, emerging nanoporous materials beyond monolayer modification are introduced. At last, future developments, challenges, and great promise of biomolecule separation nanoporous materials are discussed.
Supramolecular Engineering of Crystalline Fullerene Micro‐/Nano‐Architectures
Authors: Bao Lipiao , Xu Ting , Guo Kun , Huang Wenhuan , Lu Xing
Published: February 2022

Fullerenes are a molecular form of carbon allotrope and bear certain solubility, which allow the supramolecular assembly of fullerene molecules—also together with other complementary compound classes—via solution‐based wet processes. By well‐programmed organizing these building blocks and precisely modulating over the assembly process, supramolecularly assembled fullerene micro‐/nano‐architectures (FMNAs) are obtained. These FMNAs exhibit remarkably enhanced functions as well as tunable morphologies and dimensions at different size scales, leading to their applications in diverse fields. In this review, both traditional and newly developed assembly strategies are reviewed, with an emphasis on the morphological evolution mechanism of FMNAs. The discussion is then focused on how to precisely regulate the dimensions and morphologies to generate functional FMNAs through solvent engineering, co‐crystallization, surfactant incorporation, or post‐fabrication treatment. In addition to C60‐based FMNAs, this review particularly focuses on recently fabricated FMNAs comprising higher fullerenes (e.g., C70) and metallofullerenes. Meanwhile, an overview of the property modulation is presented and multidisciplinary applications of FMNAs in various fields are summarized, including sensors, optoelectronics, biomedicines, and energy. At the end, the prospects for future research, application opportunities, and challenges associated with FMNAs are proposed.
Machine‐Engineered Active Disorder for Digital Photonics
Authors: Kim Jungmin , Park Seungkyun , Yu Sunkyu , Park Namkyoo
Published: February 2022

Resolving spatial and temporal complexities in wave–matter interactions is essential for controlling the light behavior inside disordered and nonstationary systems and therefore achieving high capacity devices. Although these complexities have usually been studied separately, a few examples exploiting both degrees of freedom have derived intriguing phenomena such as hyper‐transport in evolving disorder and topological phenomena in synthetic dimensions. Here, engineering active disorder—disordered structures with external modulation—is proposed by employing deep neural networks. A functional regressor and a material evaluator are developed to enable inverse design of active disorder with target wave responses and evaluation of disordered structures according to the wave response controllability, respectively. By machine engineering deep‐subwavelength disorder including a phase change material, functional disorder for light is revealed, which leads to angle‐selective or broadband digital switching. A generative configuration of the neural network utilizing a single wave metric is also developed to realize a family of disordered structures with independent engineering of multiple wave properties, in contrast to the traditional engineering of disorder with a specific order metric. This approach establishes realization of reconfigurable devices by exploiting the spatiotemporal complexity in wave mechanics.
A March to Shape Optical Artificial Olfactory System toward Ultrasensitive Detection of Improvised Explosives
Authors: Zhang Tianshi , Hu Xiaoyun , Zu Baiyi , Dou Xincun
Published: February 2022

Improvised explosives (IEs) have been frequently used in explosion‐based terrorist attacks, and have aroused widespread concerns from governments to academic societies. Due to the fact that IEs mostly exist as solids, there is a pressing demand for sensors to adapt to acquire the information from the solid state. Chemical sensors usually comprise with probes designed based on the chemical properties of the analytes, and generate signals through specific chemical interactions, which would not be affected by the state of the target substance. Colorimetry and fluorescence, known for their intuitionistic (recognizable by human eyes), portable (independent of large‐scale analytical equipment), highly specific, sensitive, and environmental interference‐free characteristics, are commonly adopted optical chemical detection methods in materials analysis and environmental monitoring. Based on this, the exploration of optical artificial olfactory system, which mimics the working principle of natural olfactory system and acquires sensing signal by optical methods, has emerged to be a promising tool for IEs detection. Here, the basic working principle and the necessary components of optical artificial olfactory system are recommended, including probe molecule, array composition, pattern recognition and device construction. The potential development direction employing molecular recognition of IEs, generation, and acquisition methodology of optical signals are also prospected.
Inducible Regulatory T Cell Predicts Efficacy of PD‐1 Blockade Therapy in Melanoma
Authors: Shen Lujun , Wu Ying , Qi Han , Jiang Yiquan , Jin Jietian , Cao Fei , Chen Shuanggang , Yang Yuanzhong , Huang Tao , Song Ze , Chen Qifeng , Zhang Yinqi , Mo Jinqing , Li Dandan , Zhang Xiaoshi , Fan Weijun
Published: February 2022

Metastatic melanoma is a lethal disease with poor prognosis. Here, a patient is being studied with metastatic uveal melanoma whose liver metastases have heterogeneous response to PD‐1 inhibitor. The progressive disease (PD) lesion is found to have more than two times the abundance of inducible regulatory T cell (iTreg) compared with the complete response (CR) lesion. Based on public datasets, high abundance of pretreatment iTreg is found able to predict poor response to PD‐1 inhibitor and is correlated with unfavorable prognosis of patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma receiving PD‐1 blockade therapy. Further, based on single‐cell RNA sequencing data, the ratio of iTregs to CD8+T cells is found significantly increased from pretreatment to post‐treatment status in nonresponders, while no such changes are found among responders. In nonresponders, iTreg cells have increased expression of IL‐10 and maintained high expression of PRDM1. The top enriched pathway in iTregs includes Il6‐Jak‐Stat3 Signaling, Il2‐Stat5 Signaling, and Glycolysis. A series of targeted or small molecule drugs predicted by iTreg specific genes are introduced. This study provides an insight into the immune suppressive role of iTreg in immunotherapy for melanoma.
Thermodynamic and molecular insights into natural gas dehydration using choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Li Guoxuan , Liu Qinghua , Gui Chengmin , Lei Zhigang
Published: February 2022

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as promising green drying agents were first proposed to natural gas (NG) dehydration. In this work, choline chloride (ChCl)‐based DESs were prepared using ChCl as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and triethylene glycol (TEG), ethylene glycol (EG) or Urea as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs). To explore the potential application, methane (CH4) dehydration experiment was conducted to verify the dehydration performance using prepared DESs. The thermodynamic properties were predicted by COSMO‐RS model (Conductor‐like screening model for real solvents). The quantum chemistry calculation was applied to understand the separation mechanism at the molecular level. The absorption performance of H2O in DESs depends on the weak interaction between Cl atom (or N and O atom) of ChCl and H atom of H2O as well as the free volume of DESs. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation discloses the intermolecular interaction between HBA and HBD. This work makes the first multi‐scale analysis on NG dehydration using DESs.
Nonvolatile Capacitive Crossbar Array for In‐Memory Computing
Authors: Hur Jae , Luo Yuan-Chun , Lu Anni , Wang Tzu-Han , Li Shaolan , Khan Asif Islam , Yu Shimeng
Published: February 2022

Conventional resistive crossbar array for in‐memory computing suffers from high static current/power, serious IR drop, and sneak paths. In contrast, the “capacitive” crossbar array that harnesses transient current and charge transfer is gaining attention as it 1) only consumes dynamic power, 2) has no DC sneak paths and avoids severe IR drop (thus, selector‐free), and 3) can be fabricated on top of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) circuits for 3D‐stacking. For the first time, ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO) capacitive crossbar arrays are experimentally demonstrated. Asymmetry of the HZO electrode interfaces leads to small‐signal capacitance on/off ratio >110% that can achieve read‐disturb‐free operation. The vector matrix multiplication (VMM) experiments are conducted on the fabricated capacitive crossbar array, showing a linear weighted sum versus numbers of input or on‐state weight. The array‐level VMM operation could maintain weight pattern reprogramming after 1) thousands of 1 ms/3 V pulses and 2) an extrapolated 10‐year retention at 85 °C. Array‐level circuit simulation at 22 nm node shows the energy consumption of a capacitive crossbar array is 20–200× lower than the resistive crossbar array counterpart. Moreover, analog‐shift‐and‐add circuits are designed for multibit weight summation, achieving 16.6% less area and 26.9% lower energy consumption than digital‐shift‐and‐add circuits.
Extended familial risk of suicide death is associated with younger age at death and elevated polygenic risk of suicide
Authors: Coon Hilary , Shabalin Andrey , Bakian Amanda V. , DiBlasi Emily , Monson Eric T. , Kirby Anne , Chen Danli , Fraser Alison , Yu Zhe , Staley Michael , Callor William Brandon , Christensen Erik D. , Crowell Sheila E. , Gray Douglas , Crockett David K. , Li Qingqin S. , Keeshin Brooks , Docherty Anna R.
Published: February 2022

Suicide accounts for >800,000 deaths annually worldwide; prevention is an urgent public health issue. Identification of risk factors remains challenging due to complexity and heterogeneity. The study of suicide deaths with increased extended familial risk provides an avenue to reduce etiological heterogeneity and explore traits associated with increased genetic liability. Using extensive genealogical records, we identified high‐risk families where distant relatedness of suicides implicates genetic risk. We compared phenotypic and polygenic risk score (PRS) data between suicides in high‐risk extended families (high familial risk (HFR), n = 1,634), suicides linked to genealogical data not in any high‐risk families (low familial risk (LFR), n = 147), and suicides not linked to genealogical data with unknown familial risk (UFR, n = 1,865). HFR suicides were associated with lower age at death (mean = 39.34 years), more suicide attempts, and more PTSD and trauma diagnoses. For PRS tests, we included only suicides with >90% European ancestry and adjusted for residual ancestry effects. HFR suicides showed markedly higher PRS of suicide death (calculated using cross‐validation), supporting specific elevation of genetic risk of suicide in this subgroup, and also showed increased PRS of PTSD, suicide attempt, and risk taking. LFR suicides were substantially older at death (mean = 49.10 years), had fewer psychiatric diagnoses of depression and pain, and significantly lower PRS of depression. Results suggest extended familiality and trauma/PTSD may provide specificity in identifying individuals at genetic risk for suicide death, especially among younger ages, and that LFR of suicide warrants further study regarding the contribution of demographic and medical risks.
Moving beyond disclosure: Stages of care in preclinical Alzheimer's disease biomarker testing
Authors: Ketchum Fred B. , Chin Nathaniel A. , Grill Joshua , Gleason Carey E. , Erickson Claire , Clark Lindsay R. , Paulsen Jane S. , Kind Amy J.H.
Published: February 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) begins with an asymptomatic “preclinical” phase, in which abnormal biomarkers indicate risk for developing cognitive impairment. Biomarker information is increasingly being disclosed in research settings, and is moving toward clinical settings with the development of cheaper and non‐invasive testing. Limited research has focused on the safety and psychological effects of disclosing biomarker results to cognitively unimpaired adults. However, less is known about how to ensure equitable access and robust counseling for decision‐making before testing, and how to effectively provide long‐term follow‐up and risk management after testing. Using the framework of Huntington's disease, which is based on extensive experience with disclosing and managing risk for a progressive neurodegenerative condition, this article proposes a conceptual model of pre‐disclosure, disclosure, and post‐disclosure phases for AD biomarker testing. Addressing research questions in each phase will facilitate the transition of biomarker testing into clinical practice.
16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of gut microbiome in a mini‐pig diabetes model
Authors: Niu Miaomiao , Zhao Yuqiong , Xiang Lei , Jia Yunxiao , Yuan Jifang , Dai Xin , Chen Hua
Published: February 2022

Background

Currently, increasing attention is being paid to the important role of intestinal microbiome in diabetes. However, few studies have evaluated the characteristics of gut microbiome in diabetic miniature pigs, despite it being a good model animal for assessing diabetes.

Methods

In this study, a mini‐pig diabetes model (DM) was established by 9‐month high‐fat diet (HFD) combined with low‐dose streptozotocin, while the animals fed standard chow diet constituted the control group. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was performed to assess the characteristics of the intestinal microbiome in diabetic mini‐pigs.

Results

The results showed that microbial structure in diabetic mini‐pigs was altered, reflected by increases in levels of Coprococcus_3 and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, which were positively correlated with diabetes, and decreases in levels of the bacteria Rikenellaceae, Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, and Bacteroidales_RF16_group, which were inversely correlated with blood glucose and insulin resistance. Moreover, PICRUSt‐predicted pathways related to the glycolysis and Entner‐Doudoroff superpathway, enterobactin biosynthesis, and the l‐tryptophan biosynthesis were significantly elevated in the DM group.

Conclusion

These results reveal the composition and predictive functions of the intestinal microbiome in the mini‐pig diabetes model, further verifying the relationship between HFD, gut microbiome, and diabetes, and providing novel insights into the application of the mini‐pig diabetes model in gut microbiome research.
Binaphthalene Boronic Acid Sensor for Saccharides and d‐Fructose Determination in Beverages
Authors: Penavic Andrej , Radujevic Aco , Pushina Mariia , Anzenbacher Pavel
Published: February 2022

The presence of electron rich compounds such as amines added to the fluorescent methoxybinaphthalene boronic acid results in a dramatic increase in affinity of diols to the aryl boronic acid as well as in the augmented fluorescence response. This is likely the result of the change in boron geometry upon coordination with electron donor which facilitate the diols binding. Here, we demonstrate the role of amino alcohol additive in binding of saccharides by boronic acid‐based fluorescent sensor. We show that this strategy allows a poorly responsive sensor to become a highly sensitive probe for the detection of sugars, which could be used for classification of saccharides as well as for quantitative analysis in DMSO‐water solutions. The simple binaphthalene boronic acid sensor was particularly sensitive to d‐fructose (Ka=2.08×106), which allowed for identification of commercial sweetened beverages based on their d‐fructose content. The same method was successfully used for the quantitative analysis of d‐fructose in soft beverages.
Co (II), Ni (II), and Cu (II) complexes of 4,6‐bis(2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)methyl‐ene)hydrazono)ethyl)benzene‐1,3‐diol: Synthesis, spectroscopic, biological, and theoretical studies
Authors: Samy Fatma , Shebl Magdy
Published: February 2022

A new hydrazone ligand 4,6‐bis(2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)methyl‐ene)hydrazono)ethyl)benzene‐1,3‐diol (H4L; DHNAPH) was synthesized by the reaction of 4,6‐bis(1‐hydrazonoethyl)benzene‐1,3‐diol (NH2DAR) with 2‐hydroxy 1‐naphthaldehyde. Co (II), Ni (II), and Cu (II) complexes ([M2L(H2O)6].nH2O.mEtOH (M = Co, Ni or Cu;n= 0.5 or 1; andm= 0.5 or 0) of DHNAPH have been successfully synthesized. Characterization of DHNAPH and its complexes was performed by analytical, spectral (infrared [IR], mass, UV–Vis,1H NMR, and electron spin resonance [ESR]), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The analytical data, magnetic moments, and spectral studies recognized octahedral geometries for DHNAPH complexes. DHNAPH acts as a bis (dibasic tridentate) via (C=Nazomethineand 2 OH) with metal in complexes. The XRD patterns for DHNAPH and its complexes indicate crystalline nature of DHNAPH and its Cu complex. DHNAPH has triclinic system, while copper‐DHNAPH has a tetragonal system with different unit cell parameters. Theoretical studies showed that there is a good relation between experimental IR data and theoretical calculation. The activity of DHNAPH and its complexes against Hepatocellular carcinoma, fungi, and bacteria has been tested. The new complexes are more active than DHNAPH, and the highest antitumor activity was given by copper (II) complex, which showed lower IC50than that of Cisplatin. The DNA binding of DHNAPH and Cu‐DHNAPH has been investigated. Molecular docking studies showed that all the tested compounds show good binding scores revealing good fitting in between the DNA strands. There is an agreement between docking data and DNA binding results.
Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking, DNA cleavage properties, and antimicrobial activity studies of mixed ligand complexes
Authors: El‐Sonbati Adel Z. , Diab Mostafa A. , El‐Sayed Ahmed K. , Abou‐Dobara Mohamed I. , Gafer Aya A. F.
Published: February 2022

Cu (II), Ni (II), Co (II), and Mn (II) acetato in addition to Cu (II) chloro and nitrato mixed ligand complexes of 4‐([quinolin‐2‐yl]methyleneamino)‐1,2‐dihydro‐2,3‐dimethyl‐1‐phenylpyrazol‐5‐one (L), as a primary ligand and 2,4‐dihydroxy benzaldehyde (H2L), as a secondary ligand have been isolated. The structural features and geometrical arrangements of the synthesized mixed ligand complexes were identified by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), conductivity measurements, UV‐Vis spectra, magnetic moment measurements, X‐ray diffraction, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectral and thermogravimetric techniques studies of the mixed ligand complexes confirming the molar ratio 1:1:1 (primary ligand: M: secondary ligand) for Cu (II), Co (II), Mn (II), and UO2(II) chelates. The spectral techniques also confirmed the metal chelates have the formulae (Cu[H2L][L][X]2), where X = Cl−(1); NO3−(2); and (M[L][HL][OAc])YH2O, where M = Cu (II) (3), Co (II) (4); Y = 1, Mn (II) (5); Y = 1 and UO2(II) (6); Y = 2. The kinetic and thermodynamics parameters of the mixed ligand complexes at different decomposition steps were calculated using Coast‐Redfern and Horowiz‐Metzger methods. Also, the antimicrobial activities of ligands and their mixed ligand complexes were screened by Disc Diffusion method. It was found that all mixed ligand complexes (1–6) have high antibacterial activity againstKlebsiella pneumoniaethan penicillin G. By studying the molecular docking between the quinoline‐2‐carbaldehyde, the ligand and the receptors (Escherichia coli(PDB code: 3t88),Staphylococcus aureus(PDB code: 3q8u), lung cancer (PDB code: 1x2j), and colon cancer (PDB code: 2hq6)), it was found that the ligand is efficient compound for all the receptors than the quinoline‐2‐carbaldehyde. The DNA cleavage properties of the two ligands and their complexes have been investigated by gel electrophoresis and the results showed that complex (1) without H2O2and complex (6) with H2O2exhibited a significant partial oxidative cleavage among other complexes.
Suzuki–Miyaura arylation of 2,3‐, 2,4‐, 2,5‐, and 3,4‐dibromothiophenes
Authors: Baran Andrei , Babkova Mariia , Petkus Jana , Shubin Kirill
Published: February 2022

A convenient and general method for Suzuki–Miyaura double cross‐coupling of various dibromothiophenes was developed. Using a simple and cheap catalytic system Pd(OAc)2/PPh3 in 95% EtOH, various (hetero)arylboronic acids react with dibromothiophenes providing diarylthiophenes, useful in the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), in moderate to excellent yields. The overall efficiency of the catalytic process and slight excess of boronic acids allowed to suppress formation of side products and significantly simplify the purification of products.
Study on the performance of a novel hydrodynamic cavitation device for treatment of wastewater
Authors: Fu Shuangcheng , Lu Jian , Zhou Faqi , Yuan Huixin , Wang Yunbing , Dai Chaolei
Published: February 2022

A novel rotational hydrodynamic cavitation device (called WLAC, composed of rotor and stator) was designed for treatment of wastewater, as well as two other structures with different lead angle based on WLAC, namely, LLAC and HLAC. The velocity characteristics, cavitation number, cavitation bubbles distribution, and production capacity of the hydrodynamic cavitation device were analyzed. Experimental results showed that the concentration of ·OH increased with treatment capacity as the water was decomposed into ·OH and ·H due to cavitation, which indicated the feasibility of the designed cavitation. The high velocity was mainly distributed around movable teeth and decreased to both sides in WLAC but was distributed between the groove of fixed teeth in LLAC and HLAC, as well as the cavitation region. Meanwhile, the cavitation intensities of HLAC and LLAC were significantly higher than WLAC; especially, the cavitation bubbles generated by HLAC were 54% higher than those generated by WLAC. In addition, the production capacity of hydrodynamic cavitation device decreased with the increase of Re. Due to the stronger capability of cavitation cloud generation and suppression of short circuit flow, the HLAC had higher production capacity of cavitation. The results presented here may provide a workable reference regarding the cavitation generation mode on higher cavitation performance and production capacity for wastewater treatment.
Characterization of the incorporation of a granular medium into elastomer matrices during mixing process
Authors: Tembhurnikar Nikhil , Majesté Jean‐Charles , Martin Sylvain , Bonnefoy Olivier
Published: February 2022

Mixing of filler particles with elastomers is one of the most important steps in tire manufacturing process. Precipitated Silica (Si), as a filler, shows enhanced properties compared with carbon black when incorporated with an elastomer such as low rolling resistance, high wet grip performance, and high wear resistance. According to the standard rubber mixing process, the fragmentation of the filler particles in an elastomer during mixing must yield to breakage of particles to a size that enables homogenous mixing of the material. Hence, this experimental study is concerned with understanding the behavior of silica during its incorporation in the elastomer. Incorporation is done through shear forces present in the Internal Mixer. Different experimental methodologies are used to measure the particle size distribution. For free silica particles that have been fragmented but not incorporated, we use Laser granulometry. Silica embedded in elastomer is analyzed using X‐ray tomography. The results obtained suggest that free silica and silica embedded in elastomer follow erosion mechanism.
Dual function composite fibers of cellulose with activated carbon aerogel and carbide derived carbon
Authors: Kiefer Rudolf , Elhi Fred , Puust Laurits , Peikolainen Anna‐Liisa , Tamm Tarmo
Published: February 2022

Polymers of natural origin, especially cellulose, have risen to the focus of smart materials, and also energy storage materials' research as sustainable matrix alternatives. In this work, novel composites of cellulose with activated carbon aerogel (ACA) and carbide‐derived carbon (CDC) are demonstrated. The composites were formulated as fibers from regenerated cellulose (Cell). The electromechanical response as linear actuation in stress and strain of the fibers was studied in an organic electrolyte at low applied potentials in range of 0.55 to −0.8 V. Cyclic voltammetry and square wave potential steps were performed revealing for both composite fibers expansion at positive charging. The Cell‐ACA fibers showed a stronger response compared with Cell‐CDC, largely due to the particle structure, reflected in higher electronic conductivity. The chronopotentiometric measurements showed that Cell‐ACA also had the higher specific capacitance of the two of 47.5 F g−1. The dual‐function of Cell‐ACA and Cell‐CDC of electromechanical activity and energy storage capability can have potential in smart clothing applications.