bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional significance of cortical bone distribution in anthropoid mandibles: An in vitro assessment of bone strain under combined loads
Authors: Daegling David J. , Hotzman Jennifer L.
Published: August 2003

Local variation in cortical bone thickness in the postcanine mandibular corpus appears to be stereotypical among anthropoids. Specifically, at sections under the molars, lingually situated cortical bone is typically thinner than that along the lateral aspect. This pattern applies despite phylogenetic, dietary, and allometric differences among the anthropoids sampled to date. Demes et al. (Food Acquisition and Processing in Primates [1984] New York: Plenum Press, p. 369–390) employed a theoretical analysis of mastication in Gorilla and Homo to argue that this pattern could be explained with reference to biomechanical stresses. Specifically, they proposed that the combined effects of torsion and direct shear on the working‐side corpus create a condition in which net stresses and strains are reduced along the lingual cortical plate. Demonstration of this effect would suggest a functional linkage between localized differences in bone mass and strain gradients in the facial skeleton. We conducted an empirical evaluation of the effects of the combined loads of torsion and direct shear in vitro on a sample of formalin‐fixed human mandibles. Rosette strain gages were affixed to the lateral and medial aspects of the corpus in each specimen, and surface strains were recorded separately under controlled torsional and occlusal loads, and under simultaneous application of these loads. The hypothesis that lingual strains are reduced under combined twisting and occlusal loads was generally supported; however, we observed reduction in surface strains at some sites along the lateral aspect of the corpus under these combined loads as well. These unexpected findings are attributable to unanticipated loading conditions imposed by occlusal forces, which result from sources of stress in addition to direct shear. These experiments provide provisional support for the hypothesis that superposed sources of bone strain produce large strain gradients between buccal and lingual aspects of the mandibular corpus, and that local variation in bone mass may be associated with these gradients. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dental caries and antemortem tooth loss in the Northern Peten area, Mexico: A biocultural perspective on social status differences among the Classic Maya
Authors: Cucina Andrea , Tiesler Vera
Published: August 2003

Dental caries and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL) are investigated in a Classic Maya sample obtained from the sites of Calakmul, Dzibanché, and Kohunlich (Mexico). This study aims at assessing the effect that sex and social status had on the prevalence of oral pathologies. The lack of a direct relationship between caries, AMTL, and age‐at‐death led us to interpret the results in terms of the biological, socioeconomic, and behavioral conditions prevailing in these ancient Maya settlements. Benefits related to sex and social status are evident in the frequency of carious lesions, which appear less frequently in elite males than in low‐status individuals of both sexes and in elite females. Individuals from problematic mortuary contexts and isolated bone assemblages, who could not be ascribed to any status group, showed the highest rates of caries. Sex discrimination in dietary preferences appears in the elite sample, while the homogeneity encountered between sexes in the low‐status segment suggests a more uniform access to resources. Tooth loss clearly distinguishes elite individuals from commoners, regardless of sex, with the former bearing a much higher rate of loss. In individuals from the undefined mortuary assemblages and sacrificial contexts, it was even more pronounced than in the other groups, although its interpretation is problematic due to a lack of associated funerary data. The overall evidence from oral pathologies is interpreted to be the result of deficient oral hygiene coupled with a softer and more refined diet in the high‐status population, particularly males. Whereas elite males' subsistence was apparently based more on animal proteins and relatively soft and refined foods, a diet relying on carbohydrates may account for the observed rate of oral pathologies in elite females and commoners. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of major histocompatibility complex class II compartments in cortical thymic epithelial cells
Authors: Arudchelvan Yamini , Nishimura Yukio , Tokuda Nobuko , Sawada Tomoo , Ueyama Yoshiya , Fukumoto Tetsuo
Published: August 2003

Previous studies have concentrated on elucidating the subcellular localization of major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules mainly in B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Despite very rich cell‐surface expression of MHC class II molecules by cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs), little is known regarding the expression of these molecules by cTECs at the subcellular level. In the present study we focused on the identification and characterization of MHC class II compartments (MIICs) in cTECs in situ by immunogold electron microscopy (IEM). We found that MHC class II molecules were located exclusively in the cytoplasmic vacuoles, and we identified these MHC class II molecule‐containing cytoplasmic vacuoles as MIICs in cTECs. These MIICs were immunopositive for early endosomal, late endosomal, and lysosomal markers. Moreover, in these MIICs, MHC class II molecules were colocalized with cathepsin L, H2‐DM, class II‐associated invariant chain (Ii), and class II‐associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP). Similarly, Ii molecules were colocalized with endosomal and lysosomal markers, cathepsin L, and H2‐DM in the vacuoles. Taken together, these results suggest that MIICs in cTECs represent conventional endocytic compartments. The colocalization of MHC class II molecule or Ii with cathepsin L and H2‐DM in the MIICs suggests that MIICs in cTECs may be sites of Ii degradation and peptide loading. Anat Rec Part A 274A:798–806, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatiotemporal pattern of commitment to slowed proliferation in the embryonic mouse heart indicates progressive differentiation of the cardiac conduction system
Authors: Sedmera David , Reckova Maria , DeAlmeida Angela , Coppen Steven R. , Kubalak Steven W. , Gourdie Robert G. , Thompson Robert P.
Published: August 2003

Patterns of DNA synthesis in the developing mouse heart between ED7.5–18.5 were studied by a combination of thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine labeling techniques. From earliest stages, we found zones of slow myocyte proliferation at both the venous and arterial poles of the heart, as well as in the atrioventricular region. The labeling index was distinctly higher in nonmyocardial populations (endocardium, epicardium, and cardiac cushions). Ventricular trabeculae showed lower proliferative activity than the ventricular compact layer after their appearance at ED9.5. Low labeling was observed in the pectinate muscles of the atria from ED11.5. The His bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fiber network likewise were distinguished by their lack of labeling. Thymidine birthdating (label dilution) showed that the cells in these emerging components of the cardiac conduction system terminally differentiated between ED8.5–13.5. These patterns of slowed proliferation correlate well with those in other species, and can serve as a useful marker for the forming conduction system. Anat Rec Part A 274A:773–777, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the development of periodontal Ruffini endings
Authors: Hoshino Natalia , Harada Fumiko , Alkhamrah Bashar Anas , Aita Megumi , Kawano Yoshiro , Hanada Kooji , Maeda Takeyasu
Published: August 2003

The periodontal Ruffini ending has been reported to show immunoreactivity for tyrosine kinase B (trkB), the high‐affinity receptor for brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in the periodontal ligament of the rat incisor. Furthermore, adult heterozygous BDNF‐mutant mice showed malformation and reduction of the periodontal Ruffini endings. To investigate further roles of BDNF in these structures, the development, distribution, and terminal morphology of Ruffini endings were examined in the incisor periodontal ligament of heterozygous and homozygous BDNF mutant mice, as well as in the wild‐type littermate by immunohistochemistry for protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, a general neuronal marker. A similar distribution and terminal formation of PGP 9.5‐immunoreactive nerve fibers was recognized in the periodontal ligament of all phenotypes at postnatal week (PW) 1. At this stage, the nerve fibers had a beaded appearance, but did not form the periodontal Ruffini endings. At PW2, the heterozygous and wild‐type mice started to show ramified nerve fibers resembling the mature shape of periodontal Ruffini endings. At PW3, the Ruffini endings occurred in the periodontal ligament of the wild‐type and heterozygous mice. While the Ruffini endings of the wild‐type mice appeared either ruffled or smooth, as reported previously, most of these structures showed a smooth outline in the heterozygous mice. The homozygous mice lacked the typical Ruffini endings at PW3. In the quantitative analysis, homozygous mice had the smallest percentages of PGP 9.5‐immunoreactive areas at the same postnatal periods, but there were no significant differences between wild‐type and heterozygous mice during PW1–3. These findings suggest a possible involvement of BDNF during the postnatal development and, in particular, the maturation of periodontal Ruffini endings. Furthermore, other neurotrophins may play a role in the development and/or early maturation of the periodontal nerve fibers, as indicated by the presence of nerve fibers in the BDNF‐homozygous mice. Anat Rec Part A 274A:807–816, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional differences in cortical bone organization and microdamage prevalence in Rocky Mountain mule deer
Authors: Skedros John G. , Sybrowsky Christian L. , Parry Todd R. , Bloebaum Roy D.
Published: August 2003

The limb bones of cursorial mammals may exhibit regional structural/material variations for local mechanical requirements. For example, it has been hypothesized that mineral content (%ash) and secondary osteon population density (OPD) progressively change from proximal (e.g., humerus) to distal (e.g., phalanx), in accordance with corresponding progressive changes in stress and mechanical/metabolic cost of functional use (both greatest in the distal limb). We tested this hypothesis in wild‐shot Rocky Mountain mule deer by examining transverse segments from mid‐diaphyses of medial proximal phalanges, principal metacarpals, radii, and humeri, as well as the lateral aspects of sixth ribs from each of 11 mature males. Quantified structural parameters included the section modulus (Z), polar moment of inertia (J), cortical area/total area ratio (CA/TA), bone girth, and cortical thickness. In addition, %ash and the prevalence of in vivo microcracks were measured in each bone. Thin sections from seven animals were further examined for OPD and population densities of new remodeling events (NREs). Results showed a significant progressive decrease in %ash from the humerus (75.4% ± 0.9%) to the phalanx (69.4% ± 1.1%) (P < 0.0001), with general proximal‐to‐distal increases in OPD and general decreases in J and Z. Thirteen microcracks were identified in the rib sections, and only two were observed in the limb bones. Although the ribs had considerably greater NREs, no significant differences in NREs were found between the limb bones, indicating that they had similar remodeling rates. Equivalent microcrack prevalence, but nonequivalent structural/material organization, suggests that there are regional adaptations that minimize microcrack production in locations with differences in loading conditions. The progressive proximal‐to‐distal decrease in %ash (up to 6%); moderate‐to‐high correlations between OPD, %ash, J, and CA/TA; and additional moderate‐to‐high correlations of these parameters with each bone's radius of gyration support the possibility that these variations are adaptations for regional loading conditions. Anat Rec Part A 274A:837–850, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidized LDL induces transcription factor activator protein‐1 in rat mesangial cells
Authors: Wu Zhao‐Long , Wang Yuan‐Cheng , Zhou Qin , Ge Yu‐Qiang , Lan Yang
Published: August 2003

It has been shown that oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL), through the activation of glomerular cells, stimulates pathobiological processes involved in monocyte infiltration into the mesangium. The underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study showed that ox‐LDL strongly induced AP‐1 binding activity in rat mesangial cells (RMCs) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, reaching the maximal activation at 250 μg ml−1 within 24 h. The results from mobility shift assays and Western blotting analysis revealed that this AP‐1 binding increase involved c‐Jun, but not c‐Fos. Moreover, this ox‐LDL‐increased AP‐1 binding was inhibited by several protein kinase (PK) inhibitors: the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Bisindolylmaleimide I, the cAMP‐dependent PK (PKA) inhibitor H89, and the tyrosine PK (PTK) inhibitor genistein. Protein phosphorylation represents mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. Therefore, we examined the role of ox‐LDL on the activation of mesangial cell JNK/SAPK, the only recognized protein kinase that catalyses phosphorylation of c‐Jun. The incubation of mesangial cells with ox‐LDL induced phosphorylation of JNK1/SAPK dose dependently, with the maximal response at 150 μg ml−1. This study demonstrates that multiple kinase activities are involved in the mechanism of ox‐LDL‐induced AP‐1 activation in mesangial cells, and ox‐LDL stimulates AP‐1 through JNK‐c‐Jun other than MEK‐c‐Fos signalling pathway. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of intracellular distribution and apoptosis involvement of the Ufd1l gene product by over‐expression studies
Authors: Amati Francesca , Condò Ivano , Conti Emanuela , Sangiuolo Federica , Dallapiccola Bruno , Testi Roberto , Novelli Giuseppe
Published: August 2003

UFD1L is the human homologue of the yeast ubiquitin fusion degradation 1 (Ufd1) gene and maps on chromosome 22q11.2 in the typically deleted region (TDR) for DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndromes (DGS/VCFS). In yeast, Ufd1 protein is involved in a degradation pathway for ubiquitin fused products (UFD pathway). Several studies have demonstrated that Ufd1 is a component of the Cdc48‐Ufd1‐Npl4 multiprotein complex which is active in the recognition of several polyubiquitin‐tagged proteins and facilitates their presentation to the 26S proteasome for protein degradation or even more specific processing. The multiprotein complex Cdc48‐Ufd‐Npl4 is also active in mammalian cells. The biochemical role of UFD1L protein in human cells is unknown, even though the interaction between UFD1L and NPL4 proteins has been maintained. In order to clarify this issue, we examined the intracellular distribution of the protein in different mammalian cells and studied its involvement in the Fas and ceramide factors‐mediated apoptotic pathways. We established that in mammalian cells, Ufd1l is localized around the nucleus and that it does not interfere with Fas‐and ceramide‐mediated apoptosis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of chiral recognition of bilayered phosphatidylcholine vesicles using a helicene probe:
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroko , Yoshida Maiko , Kobori Yuuki , Yamada Koh‐ichi
Published: August 2003

Incorporated into bilayered chiral phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles, 2‐hydroxymethyl[5]thiaheterohelicene (5HM) having a labile helix that functioned as a chirality probe, exhibited induced CD absorptions. The Cotton effects of these absorptions demonstrated opposite signs according to the difference in chirality of PC applied, indicating the chiral recognition of the vesicles. The vesicles formed by PCs with unsaturation or acyl chains shorter than dipalmitoyl‐PC (DPPC) exhibited a slightly stronger CD absorptions of 5HM, presumably because of an increase in the constraint by the vesicles. The phenomenon that an increase in fluidity results in a decrease in the CD intensity was examined by CD measurements at various temperatures. The vesicles formed with egg lecithin and bovine heart lecithin also induced CD absorptions of 5HM similar to those of (L)PC vesicles. The influence of cholesterol (Cho) and four kinds of analogs with different structures at the 3‐ or 5‐position of a Cho molecule on the CD intensities was investigated. Following addition of Cho, the CD intensities of 5HM decreased slightly in the (L)DPPC vesicles and increased moderately in the (D)DPPC vesicles. On the other hand, by addition of Cho analogs the CD intensities of 5HM were nearly unchanged in (L)DPPC vesicles and weakened moderately in the (D)DPPC vesicles. Chirality 15:703–708, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are patient and therapist characteristics associated with the use of defence interpretation in brief dynamic psychotherapy?
Authors: Hersoug Anne Grete , Bøgwald Kjell‐Petter , Høglend Per
Published: August 2003

Patient and therapist characteristics were explored as predictors of the use of defence interpretation in non‐manualized brief dynamic therapy (N = 38, max 40 sessions). Therapist interventions were rated with the Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scale in an early session (7th) and in the mid‐phase of therapy (16th session). Low quality of patients' interpersonal relationships (rated with Dynamic Scales) was associated with more interpretation early in the therapy. Therapists with greater experience gave more interpretation. The combination of more maladaptive defensive functioning (rated with Defence Mechanism Rating Scales) and low quality of working alliance was associated with a high proportion of interpretation. Differences between individual therapists accounted for 35% of the variance in interpretation early in therapy and 42% in the mid‐phase. Therapists gave significantly more interpretation in the mid‐phase compared to early in the therapy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A complementary codes‐based CDMA architecture for wideband mobile internet with high spectral efficiency and exact rate matching
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Hwa , Yeh Jun‐Feng
Published: August 2003

The future wireless communication systems ought to offer high spectral efficiency and flexibility to carry multimedia services with variable rate requirements. The data rate change should be made scalable, continuous and real‐time based to match exactly to what required in different content for conservation of precious bandwidth. The rate change in multiples of two, as implemented in the UMTS W‐CDMA standard, is clearly undesirable. In particular, the multiple access technique itself should support asymmetrical traffic in up‐ and down‐links to fit different connection modes of Internet‐based applications. This paper is to propose an innovative CDMA architecture based on complete complementary (CC) codes, which can address all above concerns. The architecture makes use of ‘offset‐stacked’ spreading modulation, based on which both high spectral efficiency and flexible rate matching are guaranteed. The proposed CC–CDMA system can support continuously alterable data rates, which can match exactly to the user demand without the need of complex ‘rate‐matching’ algorithms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of performance enhancing proxies in internet over satellite
Authors: Ehsan Navid , Liu Mingyan , Ragland Roderick J.
Published: August 2003

Performance enhancing proxies (PEPs) are widely used to improve the performance of TCP over high delay‐bandwidth product links and links with high error probability. In this paper we analyse the performance of using TCP connection splitting in combination with web caching via traces obtained from a commercial satellite system. We examine the resulting performance gain under different scenarios, including the effect of caching, congestion, random loss and file sizes. We show, via analysing our measurements, that the performance gain from using splitting is highly sensitive to random losses and the number of simultaneous connections, and that such sensitivity is alleviated by caching. On the other hand, the use of a splitting proxy enhances the value of web caching in that cache hits result in much more significant performance improvement over cache misses when TCP splitting is used. We also compare the performance of using different versions of HTTP in such a system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear and Helical Chains in Hydrothermally Synthesized Coordination Polymers [Co(bpdc)(H2O)2] and [Ni(bpdc)(H2O)3]·H2O Involving in situ Ligand Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Xian‐Ming , Wu Hai‐Shun , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: August 2003

Hydrothermal treatment of M(MeCO2)2 (M = Co or Ni) and 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione (pdon) resulted in two chain‐like coordination polymers [Co(bpdc)(H2O)2] and [Ni(bpdc)(H2O)3]·H2O. X‐ray single‐crystal structural analysis revealed that the organic reagent pdon was transformed in situ into 2,2′‐bipyridine‐3,3′‐dicarboxylate (bpdc). The different coordination modes concomitant with the difference of the dihedral angles between two bpdc pyridine rings results in simple linear chains and helical chains in 1 and 2, respectively. The one‐dimensional coordination chains of 1 and 2 are further extended into two‐dimensional supramolecular arrays by hydrogen‐bond interactions. A possible mechanism for the new hydrolysis reaction with the formation of bpdc under hydrothermal conditions was also discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Eu3+, Gd3+ and Tb3+ Complexes with 1,4,7,10‐Tetra(2‐glutaryl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane in Solution: EXAFS, Luminescence, Potentiometric Studies, and Quantum Calculations
Authors: Moreau Juliette , Guillon Emmanuel , Aplincourt Philippe , Pierrard Jean‐Claude , Rimbault Jean , Port Marc , Aplincourt Michel
Published: August 2003

The stability of the various complexes formed by racemic solutions of the title ligand (L) with Gd3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+ was investigated by potentiometry. The reaction of complexation proceeds through the quick formation of metastable species leading, after a slow reorganisation of the macrocycle, to thermodynamically stable complexes. The mean numbers of water molecules coordinated to the lanthanides were determined by luminescence and EXAFS spectroscopy. This last method, applied to solutions of complexes, allowed us to precisely determine the nature of the atoms that surround the metal atom and the distance between the lanthanide ion and the various ligands. These structural data that are in good agreement with the results found using quantum mechanics allow us to propose a reaction mechanism, from the hydrated lanthanide ion to the final stable complexes through intermediate species. The specific stability of these final complexes arises from the formation of transitory bonds between the metal ion and two pendant arms, which bear carboxylate groups. The stability constants of the final complexes have high values, close to those obtained with DOTA [log β110(EuL5−) = 24.01; log β110(GdL5−) = 24.03; log β110(TbL5−) = 23.97]. This induces a notable in vivo dissociation inertness, which is essential for a potential contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Rational Design, Synthesis and Crystal Structure Investigation of Hydrogen‐Bonded Coordination Polymers of Bicyclic Bis‐Lactam Dicarboxylates
Authors: Lenev Denis A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Kostyanovsky Remir G.
Published: August 2003

The crystal structures of the racemic coordination polymers (±)‐1 to (±)‐4 and the coordination dimers (±)‐6 and (±)‐7, containing molecular “brick walls” with inorganic coatings and molecular “brick walls” with mixed organic‐inorganic coatings, respectively, were predicted and verified on the basis of the zigzag R22(8) H‐bonded tape columnar packing motif of the purely organic racemic dialkyl 3,6‐dioxo‐2,5‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐1,4‐dicarboxylates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Homogeneous Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Trinuclear RhI‐OsIII‐RhI Complexes
Authors: Comba Peter , Mayboroda Andrey , Pritzkow Hans
Published: August 2003

Reaction of [Os(Hbiim)2(O=PPh3)2](NO3) (H2biim = 2,2′‐biimidazole) with [RhCl(cod)]2 (cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) or [Rh(OH)(cod)]2 yields biimidazolato‐bridged trinuclear RhI‐OsIII‐RhI complexes, which are highly efficient catalysts for the homogeneous hydrogenation of 1‐hexene and cyclohexene. The reactivity of the trinuclear compounds compared with the mononuclear subunits indicates that this is due to cooperative effects. This is confirmed by spectroscopic and electrochemical data. The solid‐state structure of [{RhCl(cod)}2(μ‐Hbiim)2{Os(O=PPh3)2}](NO3) was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Adducts of Schiff Bases with Tris(β‐diketonato)lanthanide(III) Complexes: Structure and Liquid‐Crystalline Behaviour
Authors: Binnemans Koen , Lodewyckx Katleen , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. , Van Deun Rik , Goderis Bart , Tinant Bernard , Van Hecke Kristof , Van Meervelt Luc
Published: August 2003

Adducts of the Schiff base 2‐hydroxy‐N‐octadecyloxy‐4‐tetradecyloxybenzaldimine with tris(β‐dibenzoylmethanato)lanthanide(III) complexes are described. The stoichiometry of the complexes is [Ln(dbm)3Lx], where Ln is a trivalent lanthanide ion (all lanthanides except Ce and Pm), Hdbm is dibenzoylmethane and L is the Schiff base; x = 2 for Ln = La−Er and x = 1 for Ln = Tm−Lu. The Schiff‐base ligands are in a zwitterionic form and coordinate through the phenolic oxygen only. The X‐ray single‐crystal structure of [La(dbm)3L′2] with L′ = N‐butyl‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzaldimine is described. The solution structure of lanthanum(III) complexes has been investigated by 1D and 2D 1H NMR techniques. Although the long‐chain Schiff‐base ligand and the tris(β‐dibenzoylmethanato)lanthanide(III) complexes are non‐mesomorphic, some of the adducts exhibit a monotropic smectic A phase. The mesomorphic behaviour depends on the lanthanide ion, in the sense that only a mesophase is observed for the series Ln = La−Eu, not for the heavier lanthanides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Cover Picture: Redox Chemistry of Actinide Ions in Wells−Dawson Heteropolyoxoanion Complexes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 16/2003)
Authors: Chiang Ming‐Hsi , Soderholm L. , Antonio Mark R.
Published: August 2003

The cover picture shows the multi‐faceted approach required to unravel the complicated electrochemistry presented by Wells−Dawson coordinated actinide (An) ions, [An(α‐2‐P2W17O61)2]n− (An = Th, U, Np, Pu, Am). These An‐polyoxometalate (POM) clusters contain two redox centers: the central An ion (magenta), except Th4+, and the ligands, (α‐2‐P2W17O61)10−, for which P is orange, W is black, and O is teal blue. The formal potentials of the An ions are extracted by in situ XANES (X‐ray absorption near edge structure) spectroelectrochemistry, using the Nernst formalism. This approach provides a unique avenue to quantifying the An redox response, because the multi‐redox active centers, together with the deep blue color of the ligands upon reduction, exclude more standard experiments. The Nernst approach to XANES data provides information about the electronic influence of POM complexation, which is of fundamental interest as related to correlated electron behavior and of practical significance to separations science in nuclear waste processing. Details are presented in the article by M.‐H. Chiang, L. Soderholm and M. R. Antonio on p. 2929 ff.
The improved surface gradient method for flows simulation in variable bed topography channel using TVD‐MacCormack scheme
Authors: Tseng Ming‐Hseng
Published: August 2003

This paper reports four different approaches to discretize the source terms for the simulation of one‐dimensional open‐channel flows with rapidly varied bottom topography using TVD‐MacCormack scheme. Compared with other high‐resolution shock‐capturing schemes, MacCormack‐type predictor–corrector method is easy to implement and does not present any additional difficulty in dealing with the source terms. To avoid the generation of artificial numerical waves, if the bottom topography shows strong variation, special treatment of the source terms is still required to eliminate or reduce the artificial numerical error caused by adding TVD corrections to the method. The computed results demonstrated that the improved surface gradient method is more suitable for simulating open‐channel flow with highly irregular bed topography by using the surface gradient instead of the depth gradient for TVD corrections and considering the balancing of the source terms and the flux gradients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nucleotides. Part LXXIII
Authors: Münch Ursula , Pfleiderer Wolfgang
Published: August 2003

The (2‐cyano‐1‐phenylethoxy)carbonyl (2c1peoc) group was developed as a new base‐labile protecting group for the 5′‐OH function in solid‐phase synthesis of oligoribonucleotides via the phosphoramidite approach. The half‐lives of its β‐elimination process by 0.1M DBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene) were determined to be 7–14 s by HPLC investigations. The 2′‐OH function was protected with the acid‐labile tetrahydro‐4‐methoxy‐2H‐pyran‐4‐yl (thmp) group, while the 2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethyl (npe) and 2‐(4‐nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl (npeoc) groups were used for the protection of the base and phosphate moieties. The syntheses of the monomeric building blocks, both phosphoramidites and nucleoside‐functionalized supports, as well as the build‐up of oligoribonucleotides by means of this approach are described.
Schneiderian first‐rank symptoms associated with fluvoxamine treatment: a case report
Authors: Ueda Nobuhisa , Terao Takeshi , Ohmori Osamu , Nakamura Jun
Published: August 2003

This communication describes a patient who developed Schneiderian first‐rank symptoms in the course of treatment with fluvoxamine. The patient, a 28‐year‐old man suffering from panic disorder, developed several first‐rank symptoms during fluvoxamine administration. These symptoms abated 1 week after fluvoxamine treatment was discontinued and haloperidol was started. Although haloperidol was discontinued, no further hallucinations or delusions occurred. This finding suggests that fluvoxamine can precipitate Schneiderian first‐rank symptoms in some susceptible patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of nizatidine on olanzapine‐associated weight gain in schizophrenic patients in Korea: a pilot study
Authors: Pae Chi‐Un , Kim Jung‐Jin , Lee Kyung‐Uk , Lee Chang‐Uk , Bahk Won‐Myong , Lee Soo‐Jung , Lee Chul , Paik In‐Ho
Published: August 2003

A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nizatidine on olanzapine‐associated weight gain (OAWG) in ten patients with schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder in Korea. Psychometric ratings with positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) were measured at baseline, week 4 and week 8; as were weight and body mass index (BMI). A combination of nizatidine for 8 weeks resulted in significant reversal of weight gain without worsening the psychopathology (weight: 3.5% and BMI: 3.7%). In line with studies of Western populations, an add‐on therapy of nizatidine could be an effective option for the control of weight gain in olanzapine‐treated patients in Korea. Our findings call for further evaluation of the effect of this drug on OAWG, with randomized placebo‐controlled studies, in Asian populations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An open trial of buspirone in the treatment of attention‐deficit disorder
Authors: Niederhofer Helmut
Published: August 2003

Objective

Medications such as clonidine have been shown to facilitate calming, to enhance frustration tolerance, and to reduce aggression in attention deficit disorder (ADD) patients. The use of buspirone was studied as an alternative because of its longer excretion half‐life, decreased sedative side effects and more selective binding profile.

Method

Eight psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with ADD were rated at baseline and while taking buspirone to determine its efficacy as a treatment for ADD. Comparisons of Wender‐Utah ratings within subject were used to measure behavioural changes in the subjects.

Results

During buspirone treatment, the patients' mean scores improved significantly overall and in hyperactivity, inattention and immaturity factors.

Conclusions

This preliminary study indicates that buspirone might be a beneficial and useful treatment of ADD, reducing hyperactive behaviours and enabling greater attentional ability with minimal side effects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why might language and motor impairments occur together?
Authors: Estil L.B. , Whiting H.T.A. , Sigmundsson H. , Ingvaldsen R.P.
Published: August 2003

A step‐wise methodology is employed in order to identify common neurological factors underlying motor and language impairments where they occur together. A sample of 15 5–10‐year‐old children with predetermined language impairment was tested comprehensively using the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Ability (ITPA) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). On the basis of these tests, only four of the sample were found to have generally poor performance both in psycholinguistic (particularly indexed by problems with visual closure and sound blending) and motor abilities (particularly indexed by manual dexterity problems—bimanual co‐ordination and drawing—and static balance. Further detailed examination of the findings fostered a number of plausible hypotheses to account for this communality. The viability of these different alternatives is discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic gastric volvulus and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in an infant
Authors: Anagnostara Athina , Koumanidou Chrissoula , Vakaki Marina , Manoli Eleni , Kakavakis Konstantinos
Published: August 2003

Chronic secondary mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis has rarely been mentioned in the general medical literature. We report the case of a 2‐month‐old boy whose clinical symptoms, which included distension of the stomach and projectile vomiting, suggested the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis but who was later diagnosed with chronic secondary mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus. Sonographic examination revealed findings consistent with a rotated stomach, and subsequent plain chest radiography demonstrated a left diaphragmatic eventration. An upper gastrointestinal series radiographic examination with barium contrast enhancement confirmed the diagnosis of mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus. Surgery was performed, and the boy recovered well. A follow‐up sonographic examination performed 3 months post‐operatively revealed no abnormalities. This case demonstrates that primary or secondary gastric volvulus, although rare in children, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients with a history of vomiting. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:383–386, 2003
Gray‐scale and Doppler characteristics of fibrous cortical defects in a child
Authors: Loberant Norman , Samovsky Maria , Papura Sorin
Published: August 2003

We report the case of a 9.5‐year‐old boy who underwent sonographic and radiographic examinations because of knee pain. Two fibrous cortical defects were discovered, in his right femur and left tibia; the femoral lesion was seen more easily on sonography than on radiography. On gray‐scale sonography, the lesions were characterized as a scalloped indentation of the cortical surface containing hypoechoic soft tissue. On color Doppler sonography, discrete vessels were found at the periphery and within the substance of the lesions, and on spectral Doppler analysis, low‐resistance arterial flow was detected in those vessels. Follow‐up examinations performed 10 and 19 months after our initial examination showed signs that the lesions were healing. The diagnosis of fibrous cortical defect was suggested by the gray‐scale and Doppler sonographic characteristics and confirmed on radiography. Although radiography is required to document these lesions if found incidentally on sonography, follow‐up examinations using only sonography may be feasible. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:369–374, 2003
Doppler evaluation of arterial complications of adult orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Vit Alessandro , De Candia Alessandro , Como Giuseppe , Del Frate Chiara , Marzio Andrea , Bazzocchi Massimo
Published: August 2003

Purpose

The aim of this study was to analyze the role of the resistance index (RI), systolic acceleration time (SAT), and spectral waveform's morphologic characteristics in the sonographic evaluation of the hepatic artery for early detection of stenosis or thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Methods

Arterial Doppler sonograms of 174 transplanted livers in 150 patients were analyzed for presence or absence of blood flow, RI, SAT, and peak systolic velocity. A qualitative evaluation of the spectral waveform morphologic characteristics was also made. In patients who had had abnormal findings on sonography, we compared those results with results obtained on multislice helical CT or angiography.

Results

At least 1 of the Doppler criteria for hepatic artery stenosis or thrombosis was identified in 25 of the transplants. The findings on multislice helical CT, angiography, or both confirmed the diagnosis of stenosis or thrombosis in 20 of the 25 cases: in 9 of 10 cases of absent hepatic arterial blood flow, 5 of 9 with an RI lower than 0.5, 6 of 7 cases with an SAT longer than 0.08 second, 10 of 11 cases of changes to a tardus‐parvus–like spectral waveform, and in the 1 case of a peak systolic velocity greater than 2 m/second.

Conclusions

The most accurate indicator of hepatic arterial stenosis or thrombosis was a change in the spectral waveform to a tardus‐parvus pattern, with 91% sensitivity and 99.1% specificity. Among the other parameters, an increase of the SAT value (> 0.08 second), when associated with the morphologic modification of the systolic peak, is a more reliable parameter than the RI for early detection of artery stenosis, especially when the type of anastomosis is unknown. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:339–345, 2003
Study of the potential electrochemical noise during corrosion process of aluminum alloys 2024, 7075 and pure aluminum
Authors: Cheng Y. L. , Zhang Z. , Cao F. H. , Li J. F. , Zhang J. Q. , Wang J. M. , Cao C. N.
Published: August 2003

Properties of the potential electrochemical noises (EN) generated during the corrosion process of aluminum alloys AA2024(T3), AA7075 (aged at 121°C/35 h + 160°C/20 h) and pure aluminum in 3wt% (mass fraction) NaCl solution were investigated in this study. During the initial stage of immersion, the EN amplitude of AA2024 is the largest while the EN amplitude of pure aluminum is negligible. The amplitude of the EN generated by these materials decreases with immersion time except the EN of AA2024 after extremely long immersion time (38 days in this study). Surface morphology corresponding to different stages of immersion and different types of EN were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis. The result shows that the micro‐galvanic cells formed by the constituent particles and the alloy matrix play an important role on the corrosion process of the aluminum alloys and the EN behaviors of AA2024, AA7075 and pure aluminum is proved to be strongly related to the type and intensity of corrosion process.
Numerische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Pulverpressen von Aluminium
Authors: Hanini K. , Doege E. , Schmidt‐Jürgensen R.
Published: August 2003

Die Auslegung und Optimierung pulvertechnologischer Umformverfahren basiert bisher zu einem großen Teil auf Erfahrungswissen. Die numerische Simulation bietet hierbei eine kosten‐ und zeitsparende Alternative. Besonders hat sich die Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) als leistungsfähiges Simulationsverfahren bewährt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird das Pulverpressen von Aluminiumpulver numerisch und experimentell untersucht. Hierbei wird das Drucker‐Prager‐Cap‐Modell verwendet, um das kompressible Verhalten des Pulvers abzubilden und mögliche Rissbildungen während des Pressvorgangs vorherzusagen. Durch Pressversuche werden die Materialkennwerte für dieses Modell hinsichtlich der Verdichtung und Verfestigung des Aluminiumpulvers ermittelt. Der Pressvorgang wird anhand ausgewählter Referenzbauteile simuliert. Von besonderem Interesse ist hierbei die Berechnung der Verteilung der relativen Dichte und die Vermeidung der Rissbildung durch Optimierung der Stempelkinematik.
Behaviour of (−Δ−k2−i0+)−1 outside fading obstacles, independant scattering hypothesis and applications
Authors: Dermenjian Yves , Jalade Emmanuel
Published: August 2003

This paper deals with the behaviour of k‐outgoing solutions of −Δu−k2u=f outside a fading soft obstacle. We extend an approach using the so‐called Lax–Phillips construction and the well‐known properties of the capacity of smooth obstacles. So, classical results are recovered in a straightforward manner. The previous approach enables us to consider the case of obstacles composed of many tiny spheres. Roughly speaking, we prove that the scattering amplitude is approximately the sum of the scattering amplitudes scattered by each isolated sphere, which is an alternative form of the first Born approximation. As a consequence, two inverse problems are solved. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eigenfunctions and Hardy inequalities for a magnetic Schrödinger operator in ℝ2
Authors: Alziary Bénédicte , Fleckinger‐Pellé Jacqueline , Takáč Peter
Published: August 2003

The zero set {z∈ℝ2:ψ(z)=0} of an eigenfunction ψ of the Schrödinger operator ℒ︁V=(i∇+A)2+V on L2(ℝ2) with an Aharonov–Bohm‐type magnetic potential is investigated. It is shown that, for the first eigenvalue λ1 (the ground state energy), the following two statements are equivalent: (I) the magnetic flux through each singular point of the magnetic potential A is a half‐integer; and (II) a suitable eigenfunction ψ associated with λ1 (a ground state) may be chosen in such a way that the zero set of ψ is the union of a finite number of nodal lines (curves of class C2) which emanate from the singular points of the magnetic potential A and slit the two‐dimensional plane ℝ2. As an auxiliary result, a Hardy‐type inequality near the singular points of A is proved. The C2 differentiability of nodal lines is obtained from an asymptotic analysis combined with the implicit function theorem. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new stereo‐analytical method for determination of removal blocks in discontinuous rock masses
Authors: Zhang Zixin , Kulatilake P. H. S. W.
Published: August 2003

The paper provides a new stereo‐analytical method, which is a combination of the stereographic method and analytical methods, to separate finite removable blocks from the infinite and tapered blocks in discontinuous rock masses. The methodology has applicability to both convex and concave blocks. Application of the methodology is illustrated through examples. Addition of this method to the existing block theory procedures available in the literature improves the capability of block theory in solving practical problems in rock engineering. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network reliability assessment in a random environment
Authors: Özekici S. , Soyer R.
Published: August 2003

In this paper we consider networks that consist of components operating under a randomly changing common environment. Our work is motivated by power system networks that are subject to fluctuating weather conditions over time that affect the performance of the network. We develop a general setup for any network that is subject to such environment and present results for network reliability assessment under two repair scenarios. We also present Bayesian analysis of network failure data and illustrate how reliability predictions can be obtained for the network. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 574–591, 2003
Scheduling jobs with piecewise linear decreasing processing times
Authors: Cheng T.C. Edwin , Ding Qing , Kovalyov Mikhail Y. , Bachman Aleksander , Janiak Adam
Published: August 2003

We study the problems of scheduling a set of nonpreemptive jobs on a single or multiple machines without idle times where the processing time of a job is a piecewise linear nonincreasing function of its start time. The objectives are the minimization of makespan and minimization of total job completion time. The single machine problems are proved to be NP‐hard, and some properties of their optimal solutions are established. A pseudopolynomial time algorithm is constructed for makespan minimization. Several heuristics are derived for both total completion time and makespan minimization. Computational experiments are conducted to evaluate their efficiency. NP‐hardness proofs and polynomial time algorithms are presented for some special cases of the parallel machine problems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 531–554, 2003
Improved multi‐level Newton solvers for fully coupled multi‐physics problems
Authors: Kim J. Y. , Aluru N. R. , Tortorelli D. A.
Published: August 2003

An algorithm is suggested to improve the efficiency of the multi‐level Newton method that is used to solve multi‐physics problems. It accounts for full coupling between the subsystems by using the direct differentiation method rather than error prone finite difference calculations and retains the advantage of greater flexibility over the tightly coupled approaches. Performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by solving a fluid–structure interaction problem. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A first prehistoric case of tuberculosis from Britain
Authors: Mays Simon , Taylor G. Michael
Published: August 2003

A likely case of tuberculosis in an Iron Age human burial from Dorset, England is described. Osteological examination and biomolecular study support the diagnosis. A radiocarbon determination indicates a date range for the burial of BC 400–230. This case represents the earliest reported case of tuberculosis from Britain, and indicates that the disease was present here prior to the Roman invasion. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteological evidence for the Battles of Zürich, 1799: a glimpse into soldiery of the past
Authors: Meyer C.
Published: August 2003

Four human skeletons probably could be attributed to people killed during the Battles of Zürich in 1799. Cranial and postcranial gunshot wounds are consistent with those made by black powder weapons using lead balls as ammunition. Additional finds include a probable case of Scheuermann's Disease and a pipe smoker's facet. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.