bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTACTIC DEFECT AND HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA
Authors: LORENTE F. , FONTAN G. , RODRIGUEZ M. C. GARCÍA , ALBA J. , OJEDA J. A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lorente, F., Fontán, G., García Rodriguez, M. C., Alba, J. and Ojeda, J. A. (Service of Immunoallergy, Department of Paediatrics and Department of Pathology, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain). Neutrophil chemotactic defect and hypogammaglobulinemia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:699, 1980.—A 15‐months‐old boy developed agranulocytosis after administration of Chloramphenicol and Amynopirine. In spite of total hematological recovery, the patient's immunological study disclosed a persistent neutrophil chemotactic defect and hypogammaglobulinemia. Other studies of specific and non‐specific immunity were normal. Neutrophil adherence, random and random stimulated mobility were always within the normal range. The presence of chemotactic inhibitors was discarded. In vitro incubation of his neutrophils with Cytochalasin B at 0.1 µg/ml final concentration, reversed the chemotactic abnormality suggesting a possible cell membrane defect.
FREE FATTY ACID AND KETONE BODY METABOLISM DURING EXERCISE IN DIABETES
Authors: WAHREN JOHN , HAGENFELDT LARS
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Wahren, J. and Hagenfeldt, L. (Department of Clinical Physiology, Huddinge Hospital, Stockholm, and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 283: 39, 1980.—In diabetic patients the metabolic response to physical exercise is to a large extent determined by the degree of insulin deficiency at the onset of exercise. Thus, in well‐controlled insulin‐treated patients with mild hyperglycaemia and no or minimal ketonemia the utilization of FFA, blood glucose and glycogen by working muscle is similar to that of healthy subjects, and exercise is accompanied by a fall in blood glucose levels. In contrast, patients in poor metabolic control with marked hyperglycaemia, elevated FFA levels and hyperketonemia may respond to exercise with a further rise in FFA, ketone levels and blood glucose, reflecting augmented rates of adipose tissue lipolysis and hepatic ketogenesis. The accelerated rate of ketogenesis seen during exercise continues unabated in diabetics but not in healthy subjects during the post‐exercise recovery period, thereby contributing to the development of post‐exercise ketosis. These considerations underscore the importance of adequate insulin administration in connection with exercise in diabetic patients.,
EXPERIENCES FROM A WINTER CAMP FOR TEENAGE DIABETICS
Authors: ÅKERBLOM H. K. , KOIVUKANGAS T. , ILKKA J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Åkerblom, H. K., Koivukangas, T. and Ilkka, J. (Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland). Experiences from a winter camp for teenage diabetics. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 283: 50, 1980—Experiences are described from a winter, camp, where the main purpose was to show the campers how to handle diet and insulin in connection with strenuous, repeated exercise. Twelve diabetics, aged 12–17 years attended a 7 days long winter camp. The relative decrease in the daily insulin dose vs. pre‐camp dose was 11.8±1.6% (mean±S.E.), and the relative increase in caloric intake was 31±4%. The balance of diabetes was in most cases fair to good at the start of the camp and remained unchanged. No severe hypoglycemias occurred. The physical fitness index improved during the camp (t‐test, paired comparison, P< 0.005), and the campers gained self‐confidence.
B‐CELL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN DIABETIC AND NON‐DIABETIC CHILDREN
Authors: HEDING L. G. , LUDVIGSSON J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Heding, L. G. and Ludvigsson, J. (Novo Research Institute, DK‐2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark and the Department of Pediatrics, Linköping University, S‐581 85 Linköping, Sweden). B‐cell response to exercise in diabetic and non‐diabetic children. Acta Pediatr Scand, Suppl. 283: 57, 1980.—20 non‐diabetic and 11 insulin dependent diabetic (IDD) children underwent short time (20 min) bicycle ergometer exercise followed by a 10 min rest period. Glucose, IRI, C‐peptide and proinsulin were determined prior to and at the end of the exercise, and again after 10 min rest. While no significant change in mean glucose was observed during exercise in the non‐diabetics, significant decreases were observed in IRI, C‐peptide and proinsulin. After 10 min rest glucose as well as the three B‐cell secretory products increased significantly. The change in glucose was Significantly (p<0.001) correlated to the change in IRI. In the resting period IRI rose more than C‐peptide in some subjects. IRI even rose without simultaneous rise in C‐peptide indicating a release of tissue bound IRI. The group of IDD children did not show any significant changes in glucose and total IRI, while the endogenous insulin, as measured by C‐peptide, did show a fall during exercise. The same was found for proinsulin. The lack of increased endogenous secretion during the rest period was most likely due to suppression of B‐cell due to hyperinsulinism and lack of increased glucose concentrations during the rest period.
QUALITATIVE CYTOLOGY OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AS AN INDICATOR OF NEONATAL BRAIN DAMAGE AND PSYCHOMOTOR OUTCOME
Authors: DALENS B. , BEZOU M. J. , RAYNAUD E. J. , COULET M. , GAULME J.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Dalens, B., Bezou, M. J., Raynaud, E. J., Coulet, M., and Gaulme, J. (Clinique Médicale Infantile and Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hotel‐Dieu, Clermont‐Ferrand, France). Qualitative cytology of cerebrospinal fluid as an indicator of neonatal brain damage and psychomotor outcome. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:161, 1981. –The authors report a double blind study on 57 full‐term neonates prospectively subjected to clinical, electroen‐cephalographical, cerebrospinal fluid and developmental examinations. Usual neonatal pleiocytosis depends on histiomonocytic cells which probably are a reflection of constant small brain damage during delivery. Infants suffering neurological sequelae at age one are recognizable as early as the 60th to 84th hours of life in view of persisting high histiomonocytic counts greater than 10 M. elements/1) and granulocytic peaks (greater than 2 M. elements/1) in clear samples. This method is then of interest, despite its invasive nature and limits (traumatic punctures, time‐limits).
CONCENTRATIONS OF CSF PROTEINS AS A MEASURE OF BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER FUNCTION AND SYNTHESIS OF IgG WITHIN THE CNS IN ‘NORMAL’ SUBJECTS FROM THE AGE OF 6 MONTHS TO 30 YEARS
Authors: EEG‐OLOFSSON O. , LINK H. , WIGERTZ A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Eeg‐Olofsson, O., Link, H. and Wigertz, A. (Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden). Concentrations of CSF proteins as a measure of blood brain barrier function and synthesis of IgG within the CNS in ‘normal’ subjects from the age of 6 months to 30 years. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:167, 1981. –Concentrations of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum have been studied in 105 ‘normal’ subjects divided into age groups 0.5–5, 6–15, 16–20, and 21–30 years in order to obtain reference values for information concerning blood brain barrier damage and synthesis of immunoglobulins within the central nervous system (CNS). CSF/serum albumin ratio is superior to CSF total protein as a test of the blood brain barrier function. The IgG synthesis rate per 24 hours and IgG index [CSF/serum IgG ratio]: [CSF/serum albumin ratio] reflect the presence of IgG synthesis within the CNS. The variables reflecting the blood brain barrier function increased with age, the upper values of the CSF/serum albumin ratio being 4.0, 4.9, 6.7, and 6.5 for the mentioned age groups respectively. The upper values for the CSF IgG index reamined rather constant in relation to age at 0.62,0.68,0.64, and 0.63 respectively. An index value of less than 0.70 and an IgG synthesis of less than 10 mg/24 hours seem to be appropriate upper values as refereneces. Only about 1–2 ml of CSF and 0.5 ml serum are required for the analyses including cell counting and determinations of IgA and IgM index values as well as of glucose and lactate.
Clinical Follow‐up and Parental Attitudes Towards Neonatal Screening
Authors: SVEGER T. , THELIN T.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Sveger, T. and Thelin, T. (Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). Four‐year‐old children with α1‐antitrypsin deficiency. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:171, 1980. –Two hundred thousand infants born in Sweden between November 1972 and September 1974 were screened at birth for a,‐antitrypsin (a, AT) deficiency. At age 4 years 172 of 183 children with a, AT deficiency were examined and compared with 80 randomly selected control children. The children with a, AT deficiency had the following Pi types: 118 PiZ, 50 PiSZ, 2 PiZ‐, 1 PiS‐, and 1 PiFZ. Two PiZ children have severe liver cirrhosis and 1 PiZ boy had died of aplastic anemia. Abnormal levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (S‐ALAT) were found in one PiSZ and 47 PiZ children. Upper and lower respiratory infections, otitis, eczema, urinary infections or complications of child diseases did not occur more often in children with α1 AT deficiency than in controls. More parents of α1 AT deficient children had stopped smoking and their fathers smoked significantly less. Forty parents of children with α1 AT deficiency PiZ answered a questionnaire concerning their reaction to, knowledge about and attitudes towards neonatal screening for α1 AT deficiency. Many parents reported having reacted with lack of understanding, shock or depression upon learning that the child had α1 AT deficiency. About 4 years later 44 % reported still lack of understanding, and 18 % depression or feelings of guilt. About two‐thirds had not fully understood why a, AT deficiency had been identified, despite the fact that they had seen their doctor 3–4 times for check‐ups and counselling since birth.
POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION IN PRE‐TERM AND FULL‐TERM INFANTS
Authors: APERIA ANITA , BROBERGER OVE , ELINDER Göran , HERIN PETER , ZETTERSTRöUM ROLF
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Aperia, A., Broberger, B., Klinder, G., Herin, P. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm and Huddinge Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden). Postnatal deveopment of renal function in preterm and full‐term infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:183, 1981. –This study has been designed to examine the effect of gestational age (GA) on the postnatal development of renal function and has been performed in pre‐term (PT) infants (GA=30–34 weeks) and in full‐term (FT) infants (GA=39–41 weeks). Postnatal age has ranged from 1–35 days. From 8 hour urine samples collected after spontaneous voiding and a capillary blood sample, determinations have been made of the clearance of creatinine (CCr), the fractional excretion of β2‐microglobulin (FEβ2) and the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa). In some infants receiving fluid parenterally, simultaneous determinations were made of the clearance of creatinine and inulin. As judged from this study, CCr is a reliable indicator of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR was almost the same in newborn PT and FT, but from 0.3–1 week of age GFR increased significantly more rapidly in FT than in PT. From 1–5 weeks of age GFR increased at approximately the same rate in PT and FT infants. The absolute value for GFR in 3–5 weeks old infants was lower in PT than in FT. FEβ2 was higher in PT than in FT infants during the entire first month of life and FENa was higher in PT than in FT infants during the first week of life, suggesting a glomerular tubular imbalance at least at the level of the proximal tubule in PT infants. It is concluded that different stages of maturation will alter the preconditions for the renal adaptation to extrauterine life during at least the first month of life. Therefore special attention must be paid to the limited renal function in PT during their entire first month of life.
PLASMA NEUROTENSIN IN TERM AND PRETERM NEONATES
Authors: LUCAS A. , AYNSLEY‐GREEN A. , BLACKBURN A. M. , ADRIAN T. E. , BLOOM S. R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lucas A.1, Aynsley‐Green, A.1, Blackburn, A. M.2, Adrian, T. E.2 and Bloom, S. R.2 (1University Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, and 2Hammersmith Hospital, London, England). Plasma neurotensin in term and preterm neonates. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:201, 1981. –The new ileal peptide neurotensin has not been studied hitherto in the human neonate. Plasma concentrations of neurotensin were measured by radioimmunoassay in 276 healthy term or preterm infants either at birth or pre‐ or post‐prandially during the neonatal period. In addition, a group of 10 6‐day‐old preterm infants were studied who had never been enterally fed on account of hyaline membrane disease. Plasma neurotensin values were obtained also in 12 healthy fasting adults. Term infants had higher plasma neurotensin concentrations than preterm infants at birth. Both groups showed a significant postnatal surge in basal (pre‐prandial) neurotensin concentrations exceeding adult values, but no postnatal neurotensin elevation was found in the unfed group. In preterm infants, who were studied further into the neonatal period than term infants, there was a progressive increase in the rise of neurotensin following a milk feed, with a massive neurotensin response by 24 days of age. In 6‐day‐old term infants, the neurotensin response to bottle feeding was significantly greater than to breast feeding. These findings add further weight to the concept that neurotensin may be of physiological importance as a gut hormone. The high neurotensin levels and large feed responses seen in neonates may indicate a unique role for neurotensin in early life.
BILIRUBIN, RESERVE ALBUMIN FOR BINDING OF BILIRUBIN AND pH IN PLASMA DURING PHOTOTHERAPY (ORDINARY AND DOUBLE LIGHT) OF TERM NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: EBBESEN F.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Ebbesen, F. (Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). Bilirubin, reserve albumin for binding of bilirubin and pH in plasma during phototherapy (ordinary and double light) of term newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:223, 1981. –Forty‐five term newborn infants with uncomplicated hyperbilirubinaemia were treated continuously with phototherapy for 24 hours. Twenty‐eight infants received double light treatment and 17 infants ordinary phototherapy. During both treatments a significant decrease in the serum unconjugated bilirubin concentration, a significant increase in the serum reserve albumin concentration for binding of bilirubin determined by the [14C] MADDS method, and a significant decrease in the index of serum bilirubin toxicity occurred. The changes in these parameters were significantly greater during the double light treatment than during the ordinary phototherapy. During the treatment the fall in index was constant. No significant change in plasma pH was seen. Thus, the study gives further evidence that the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy is reduced by phototherapy and that double light treatment is in the respect superior to ordinary phototherapy. Prior to phototherapy the molar ratio in serum of unconjugated bilirubin plus reserved albumin for binding of bilirubin to albumin was only 0.60, on average, and during the treatment the increase in the serum reserve albumin concentration was less than the decrease in the serum bilirubin concentration. This can be explained either by the presence in infant serum of an unknown ligand interfering competitively or allosterically in the binding of MADDS and bilirubin to albumin, or by the existence of a foetal albumin with a lower affinity for MADDS than adult albumin.
Effects on Control and Growth
Authors: JANSEN M. , WIT J. M. , BRANDE J. L. VAN DEN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Jansen, M., Wit, J. M. and Van den Brande, J. L. (Departments of Paediatrics, Universities of Rotterdam and Utrecht, the Netherlands). Reinstitution of mineralo‐corticoid therapy in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Effects on control and growth. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:229, 1981. –The results of reintroduction of mineralocorticoid substitution therapy (9‐α‐fluorohydrocortisone) in five children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency are described. All children had shown a salt‐losing syndrome in infancy, but were off mineralocorticoids during several years; at the start of this study they all had elevated plasma renin activity (PRA). Four of them had increased and fluctuating pregnanetriol excretion during the year preceding reintroduction of mineralocorticoids, indicating poor control despite substantial substitution with hydrocortisone: 26±1.9 mg/m2/day (mean±S.E.M.). Reintroduction of mineralocorticoid therapy at ages 5.0–9.4 years resulted in a marked improvement of control, significant reduction in hydrocortisone requirements (to 17.6±1.4 mg/m2/day) and improvement in linear growth. The data suggest that, in all children with CAH and elevated PRA, continuation throughout childhood of mineralocorticoid therapy in addition to glucocorticoid therapy is necessary for optimal control and linear growth.
NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN HEMOPHILIA
Authors: LUTSCHG J. , VASSELLA F.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Lütschg, J. and Vassella, F. (Department of Child Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Berne, Switzerland) Neurological Complications in Hemophilia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:235, 1981. –The clinical data of 59 patients with hemophilia A or B are reviewed. Intracranial bleeding was observed in 6 patients and a minor bleeding episode was assumed in a further 8 patients. Neurosurgical evacuation of the hematoma was necessary in 2 cases and the remaining patients were treated solely with factor VIII or IX. In 10 patients a peripheral nerve lesion was observed, paresis of the femoral nerve being the most frequent (5 cases). Two patients showed a lesion of the lumbar and sacral plexus, 2 patients a lesion of the radial nerve and one patient a lesion of the cutaneous femoris lateralis nerve.
3‐HYDROXY‐3‐METHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A LYASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: SHILKIN R. , WILSON G. , OWLES E.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Shilkin, R., Wilson, G. and Owles, E. (Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia). 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl Coenzyme A lyase deficiency: follow‐up of first described case. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:265, 1981. –We report the progress of a child with a defect in leucine metabolism due to a deficiency of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl Coenzyme A lyase activity. This child was reported briefly in 1976 when the abnormality was first suspected at which time he was 7 months old. He is now aged 4 years 7 months and appears to be well and developing satisfactorily. His diet has been difficult to control and the biochemical defect is extremely sensitive to small amounts of leucine in the diet.
ACRODERMATITIS ENTEROPATHICA
Authors: OHLSSON A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Ohlsson, A. (Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Acrodermatitis enteropathica. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:269, 1981. A six‐month‐old Saudi boy with acrodermatitis enteropathica confirmed by low serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase levels is described. Both the patient and a sibling developed acrodermatitis enteropathica while entirely breastfed. The mother had low serum zinc levels. Cranial computed tomography initially showed marked central and cortical “atrophy” that improved on treatment with zinc sulphate. The importance of zinc for normal brain growth and function is well known and the improvement on cranial computed tomography could be explained by improved myelination.
EVALUATION OF A NATION‐WIDE NEONATAL METABOLIC SCREENING PROGRAMME IN SWEDEN 1965–1979
Authors: ALM J. , LARSSON A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Aim, J. and Larsson. A. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Goran's Children's hospital, and the PKU Section, Department of Bacteriology, National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden). Evaluation of a nation‐wide neonatal metabolic screening programme in Sweden 1965–1979. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:601,.–In Sweden, neonatal screening for phenylketonuria was started in 1965 and a total of 1326000 infants were studied up to 1979. During various periods of time, screening was also carried out for galactosaemia, hereditary tyrosinaemia, histidinaemia, and homocystinuria. In screening for phenylketonuria and galactosaemia no false‐negative results were obtained and the incidences were 1/30850 and 1/81100, respectively. In screening for hereditary tyrosinaemia only 1 out of 6 patients was identified by screening and the incidence was 1/106 710. Two cases of histidinaemia were detected, which corresponds to an incidence of 1/36 840. Both children developed normally without any treatment. No child with homocystinuria was detected in the screened population of more than 300 000 newborn infants. A screening programme involving phenylketonuria and galactosaemia was considered to be optimal among the tested disorders.
ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA IN SWEDISH CHILDREN 1973–1978
Authors: GUSTAFSSON G. , KREUGER A. , DOHLWITZ A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Gustafsson, G., Kreuger, A. and Dohlwitz, A. (Departments of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, and County Hospital, Nykoping, Sweden). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Swedish children 1973–1978. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:609,.–Three hundred and sixty‐seven children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have been diagnosed in Sweden 1973–1978, 345 of whom were treated according to the national uniform regimens of the Swedish Child Leukemia Group (SCLG). The patients were classified into an SR (standard risk) and an IR (increased risk) group. Remission was obtained in 354 patients (96%). With 12–84 months observation time the total survival was 54% and the diseasefree survival 44 %. A more intensive cytostatic regimen in the induction period increased considerably the diseasefree survival for the SR and to some extent also for the IR patients. Relapses were significantly more common in the IR group in spite of a more intensive cytostatic regimen. The most decisive IR criteria were B‐LPK and age at diagnosis. Prognosis was significantly worse for boys in all groups. After 3 years in CCR treatment was discontinued in 95 out of 246 children (38%) of whom 19 later relapsed (20%)
GASTRIC EMPTYING IN INFANTS FED HUMAN MILK OR INFANT FORMULA
Authors: CAVKLL B.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Cavell, B. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Gastric emptying in infants fed human milk or infant formula. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:639,.–Gastric emptying of meals of human milk or infant formula was studied in 17 healthy infants aged 4 weeks to 6 months using a marker dilution technique. In the 24 studies performed gastric emptying followed a hiphasic pattern in 11 and a linear pattern in 12 studies. The average gastric half‐emptying time for meals of human milk was 48 min, and for meals of infant formula 78 min. After 1 hour an average of 29.5 ml of human milk and 22.7 ml of infant formula per 0.1 m2 of body surface area had emptied from the stomach.
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION ON SERUM RESERVE ALBUMIN FOR BINDING OF BILIRUBIN AND INDEX OF SERUM BILIRUBIN TOXICITY
Authors: EBBESEN F.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Ebbesen F. (Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). Effect of exchange transfusion on serum reserve albumin for binding of bilirubin and index of serum bilirubin toxicity. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:643,.–Seventeen newborn infants, who received their first exchange transfusion due to hyperbilirubinaemia and/or rhesus haemolytic disease, were studied. The exchange transfusions were performed with fresh, citrated blood. During the exchange transfusion a marked increase in the serum reserve albumin concentration for binding of bilirubin measured by the [,4C]‐MADDS method was observed, followed by a smaller decrease after the transfusion. Plasma pH increased both during and after the exchange transfusion. During the exchange transfusion a drastic fall in index of serum bilirubin toxicity was observed, followed by a smaller increase after the transfusion. Citrate was not found to interfere in the binding of bilirubin to albumin. The results are in agreement with the clinical finding that an exchange transfusion performed with fresh, citrated blood effectively reduces the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy. The ratio in serum of binding albumin, i.e. bilirubin plus reserve albumin, to total albumin failed to be increased by the exchange transfusion, and a decrease occurred after the transfusion. These findings indicate the presence in infant serum of non‐binding albumin. Donor albumin with intact binding potential is partly transformed into the non‐binding variety in the course of one hour after the transfusion. In the most severely rhesus sensitized infant a drastic decline of the serum albumin binding capacity was seen during the first day of life.
INFANTS WITH LOW RATE OF WEIGHT GAIN
Authors: KRISTIANSSON B. , KARLBERG J. , FÄLLSTRÖIM S. P.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Kristiansson, B., Karlberg, J. and Fällström, S. P. (Department of Paediatrics I, University of Göteborg, Sweden). Infants with low rate of weight gain. I. A study of organic fractors and growth patterns. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:655,.–To evaluate the clinical significance of low rate of weight gain 81 infants were investigated with a deviation of weight corresponding to a decrease of at least one S.D.‐score of weight attained in the current Swedish growth chart. In 28 patients this decrease was of organic origin, notably intestinal disease. Three different growth variables were compared: attained weight (transformed to S.D.‐score), change in S.D.‐score of attained weight per time unit (= rate of change of deviation in S.D.‐score/year) and rate of weight gain in kg/year (transformed to S.D.‐score). Twenty‐two of 28 infants with organic diseases had a subnormal rate of weight gain whereas only 12 attained subnormal weight for age. The use of rate of weight gain is the most sensitive growth variable and is far better than the use of attained weight as an indicator of ill‐health. Change in S.D.‐score of attained weight for screening purposes give good agreement with rate of weight gain, provided that age is taken into account.
INFANTS WITH LOW RATE OF WEIGHT GAIN
Authors: KRISTIANSSON B. , FÄLLSTRÖM S. P.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Kristiansson, B. and Fällström, S. P. (Department of Paediatrics I, University of Göteborg, Sweden). Infants with low rate of weight gain. II. A study of environmental factors. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:663,.–Eighty‐one infants were investigated to evaluate the clinical significance of low rate of weight gain. An organic etiology was found in 28 infants. The remaining infants were analysed with special respect to their psychosocial environment. Growth was assessed by rate of weight gain. Thirty‐four infants had subnormal rates. Comparisons were made with 18 infants with low but normal rates and a control group of 72 infants. Several psychosocial risk factors were overrepresented in infants with subnormal rate of weight gain such as unemployment, ill‐health in fathers, dependence on social welfare etc. No significant differences were found in perinatal factors except for birth weight. The magnitude of the load of adverse factors within the family was measured as a score. A significant negative correlation was found between the score obtained and the rate of weight gain.
WORK OF BREATHING, INTRA‐THORACIC PRESSURE AND CLINICAL FINDINGS IN A GROUP OF BABIES WITH BRONCHIOLITIS
Authors: STOKES G. M. , MILNER A. D. , GROGGINS R. C.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Stokes, G. M., Milner, A. D. and Groggins, R. C. (Department of Child Health, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK). Work of breathing, intrathoracic pressure and clinical findings in a group of babies with bronchiolitis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:689,.–Total work of breathing was measured on 55 occasions on 26 babies with acute bronchiolitis using a respiratory jacket to measure tidal volume and a naso‐gastric tube to record oesophageal pressure. Work of breathing was increased six‐fold on average and on one occasion exceeded forty times the expected. Approximately 40 % of the intra‐thoracic pressure swing was positive relative to atmospheric. It was not possible to correlate the work of breathing measurements with detailed clinical assessments.
SERUM INDOMETHAC1N CONCENTRATIONS AFTER INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION TO PRETERM INFANTS WITH PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
Authors: PETERSEN STEN , CHRISTENSEN NIELS CHRISTIAN , JENSEN KAREN MØLLER , RYSSING ERIK
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Petersen, S., Christensen, N. C, Jensen, K. M. and Ryssing, E. (Departments of Neonatology and Paediatrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, and Dumex Ltd., Copenhagen, Denmark). Serum indomethacin concentrations after intravenous administration to preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:729,.–Six preterm infants with PDA received 14 treatments with indomethacin 0.2 mg/kg intravenously. Auscultatory and echocardiographic assessment indicated closure of the duct in 2, partial closure in 2, and no effect in 2 infants. The mean serum concentration of indomethacin was: 15 min after the first injection 1314 ng/ml, after 1 hour 970 ng/ml, after 6 hours 718 ng/ml, and after 24 hours 388 ng/ml. The mean half‐life of indomethacin in the serum was 20 hours (range 9–50 hours). Side effects in all infants were hyponatraemia, decreased urinary output, decreased urinary sodium excretion, and weight gain. One infant had transient thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. By intravenous administration of indomethacin in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg to preterm infants a sufficiently high serum concentration is obtained shortly after the injection. To maintain a high serum concentration for a longer period it is recommended to give a second dose of 0.2 mg/kg after 6 hours and if necessary a third dose of 0.1 mg/kg 24 hours after the first dose.
INFANTILE SPASM AND TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS
Authors: HAGLUND MONICA , BERGVALL ULF , THEORELL KLAS , TROELL STAFFAN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Haglund, M., Bergvall, U., Theorell, K. and Troell, S. (Departments of Paediatrics and Diagnostic Radiology, Huddinge Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden). Infantile spasm and tuberous sclerosis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:751,.–During the years 1976–78, infantile spasm was diagnosed in a total of 12 children. In 4 of these patients the diagnosis tuberous sclerosis was established with the aid of computed tomography (CT). The advantages of CT examination in children with infantile spasm is discussed, especially the possibility to detect tuberous sclerosis at an early stage.
BLOOD PESTICIDE CONCENTRATION IN MOTHERS AND THEIR NEWBORN INFANTS: Relation to Prematurity
Authors: PROCIANOY RENATO S. , SCHVARTSMAN SAMUEL
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Procianoy, R. S. and Schvartsman, S. (Departments of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, and Universidade de Säo Paulo, Säo Paulo, Brazil). Blood pesticide concentration in mothers and their newborn infants. Relation to prematurity. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 925, 1981.‐An association between high DDT cord blood levels and prematurity was investigated. Pregnant women with good health and nutritional condition, negative history of past occupational exposure to DDT and absence of recent exposure to DDT were investigated as well as their appropriate for gestational age neonates. A total of 54 maternal‐infant pairs were studied and divided in two groups: A‐term deliveries (30 pairs), B‐preterm deliveries (24 pairs). There was no difference in DDT blood levels between pregnant women of both groups. There was, however, a significant difference in DDT cord blood levels between term and preterm infants, as well as between maternal and neonatal blood levels in both groups. DDT cord blood levels correlated negatively with infants' birth weights. We suggest that there is an association between prematurity and high DDT cord blood levels in a non‐occupationally exposed population and the amount of fetal adipose tissue is an important factor determining the cord blood level of this pesticide. We cannot rule out a cause‐effect association between high DDT cord blood level and prematurity.
GROWTH and METABOLIC and HORMONAL PROFILES DURING TRANSPYLORIC and NASOGASTRIC FEEDING IN PRETERM INFANTS
Authors: MILNER R. D. G. , MINOLI I. , MORO G. , RUBECZ I. , WHITFIELD M. F. , ASSAN R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Milner, R. D. G., Minoli, I., Moro, G., Rubecz, I., Whitfield, M. F. and Assan, R. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Sheffield, England; Unita Neonatale di Terapia Intensiva, Istituto Ospedaliero Provinciate per la Maternita, Milan, Italy and Hotel Dieu, Paris, France). Growth and metabolic and hormonal profiles during transpyloric and nasogastric feeding in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:9, 1981. The effect of transpyloric and nasogastric feeding on the blood concentration of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, alanine, insulin, pancreatic and total glucagon was determined in 20 preterm infants. The babies were studied on the last day of transpyloric feeding and the first and fifth days of ensuing nasogastric feeding. In 9 infants hourly measuer‐ments of hormones and metabolites were made at 1000,1100,1200,1300 and 1400 hours. The blood concentrations of glucose, alanine, pancreatic and total glucagon were stable, the concentration of the other metabolites and insulin, less so. No significant difference in mean metabolite or hormone concentration was noted by time of day or type of feeding. Measurements made on the fifth day of nasogastric feeding showed no significant differences from those at the time of changeover. The infants were clinically well and growing normally at the time of study, but had low plasma insulin and high plasma glucagon concentrations. We conclude (i) the site of presentation of milk in the gastrointestinal tract has no effect on the circulating concentration of selected metabolites and hormones in the preterm infants, (ii) the preterm infant grows at a normal rate with a plasma insulin/glucagon ratio that in the adult would be expected to favour catabolism.
BLOOD PRESSURE IN DANISH CHILDREN and ADOLESCENTS
Authors: IBSEN K. KAAS
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ibsen, K. Kaas (University Paediatric Clinic, Children's Hospital, Fugle‐bakken, Copenhagen, Denmark). Blood pressure in Danish children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:27, 1981.–Blood pressure was measured in 946 Danish schoolchildren aged 7 to 18 years. The children had been randomly selected and serve as an urban reference population. Blood pressure was measured in 52 different schools, with the same Random‐Zero‐Sphygmomanometer, and all pressures were measured by the same person, under standardized conditions, to eliminate as many sources of error and uncertainties as possible. For both sexes an age‐dependent significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed. For both the systolic and the diastolic pressures, significant differences in blood presure measured before and after blood testing were observed.
SENSITIVITY TO EXOGENOUS INSULIN and RELEASE OF ENDOGENOUS INSULIN IN HYPOPITUITARY NON‐HYPOGLYCEMIC CHILDREN TREATED WITH HGH
Authors: CICOGNANI A. , SALARDI S. , MAZZANTI L. , CACCIARI E. , PIRAZZOLI P. , ZAPPULLA F. , BERNARDI F. , BERGAMASCHI R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Cicognani, A., Salardi, S., Mazzanti, L., Cacciari, E., Pirazzoli, P., Zappulla, F., Bernardi, F. and Bergamaschi, R. (The Department of Paediatrics, University of Bologna, Italy). Sensitivity to exogenous insulin and release of endogenous insulin in hypopituitary non‐hypoglycemic children treated with hGH. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:47, 1980.–Twenty‐one prepubertal patients treated with hGH for periods ranging from 5 to 62 months, 5 untreated prepubertal patients and 12 normal, prepubertal patients were examined. All were given an oral glucose tolerance test with blood glucose determination and continuous i.v. glucose tolerance test with measurement of blood glucose and insulin. In the latter test the integrals of the blood glucose and insulin curves were calculated. The treated patients were also divided into groups on the basis of their height age/weight age ratio (<1 and >1), chronological age (under 10 and over 10 years) and type of deficiency (isolated or multiple). 15 of the 21 treated patients underwent an insulin test after various treatment periods and again one month after suspension of the treatment. The integrals of the curves for fall in glucose, the maximum per cent fall in glucose and the minimum glucose level attained were calculated. Two of the 21 patients showed chemical diabetes in the oral glucose tolerance test. The average glucose levels after the oral test for the treated and untreated patients, subdivided and not into groups according to chronological age, height age/weight age ratio and isolated or associated deficiency, did not differ from those of the control group. The glucose‐curve integrals for the i.v. test were higher in the treated patients who were over 10 years. The average value of the insulin‐curve integrals for the normal patients was higher than that for the whole group of treated patients, than the untreated group and than the treated, hypopituitary patients with an isolated GH deficiency. The average insulin‐curve integrals for the patients with a height age/weight age ratio <1 were higher than that for patients with a ratio >1. The normal patients with a ratio ‐ 1 showed higher values than those with a ratio 1. The last two groups showed higher values than those for the analogous groups of treated patients. The integral for the treated patients over 10 years was less than that for the analogous group of normal patients. The average integrals for the curve expressing fall in glucose during the insulin test, just as for the maximum per cent fall, did not change significantly after the therapy was suspended. The minimum glucose level reached during the test performed one month after the suspension of therapy was lower than that determined during treatment.
WHO COLLABORATIVE BREAST FEEDING STUDY
Authors: LARSSON B. , SLORACH S. A. , HAGMAN U. , HOFVANDER Y.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Larsson, B., Slorach, S. A., Hagman, U. and Hofvander, Y. (Food Research Department, National Food Administration, Uppsala, and Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). WHO Collaborative Breast Feeding Study: II. Levels of lead and cadmium in Swedish human milk, 1978–1979. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:281, 1981.–Individual samples of human milk collected in Uppsala at 3 months post partum (18 samples) and 6 months post partum (23 samples) from 21–35‐year‐old healthy mothers were analysed for lead and cadmium by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The median lead content in the 41 samples was 2 µg/kg fresh weight (range 0.5–9.0 µg/kg), and the median cadmium level was 0.1 µg/kg. There were no appreciable differences between the 3‐month and 6‐month samples as regards lead or cadmium levels. The calculated median weekly intakes of lead and cadmium by the 3‐month‐old infants (who received nothing else except breast milk) were approx. 2 µg and 0.1 µg/kg body‐weight, respectively. There is no reason to believe that these low intakes of lead and cadmium constitute any risk to the health of the child. The intake of these metals by the breast‐fed infant is likely to be the same as or somewhat lower than that of infants fed human milk substitutes and certainly less than that of children fed cereal‐based infant foods.
CHANGING PATTERN OF COW'S MILK INTOLERANCE: An Analysis of the Occurrence and Clinical Course in the 60s and mid‐70s
Authors: VERKASALO M. , KUITUNEN P. , SAVILAHTI E. , TIILIKAINEN A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Verkasalo, M., Kuitunen, P., Savilahti, E. and Tiilikainen, A. (Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland). Changing pattern of cow's milk intolerance. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 289, 1981.–The rapid changeover to commercial adapted infant formulae which took place in Finland between 1973 and 1975 was studied as a factor in the occurrence of severe intestinal cow's milk intolerance (CMI). Of infants treated for CMI in 1962‐73, ninety‐three percent (25/27) were on homemade or unadapted formulae. The admission rate for CMI in these years was 0.22/1 000 liveborn infants breast fed less than six months. During 1974‐77 the corresponding figure was 0.56, with 85 % of the patients (18/26) on adapted cow's milk formulae. The patients treated before 1974 had a longer symptomatic period before admission, greater growth retardation and more severe intestinal damage than those seen during and after 1974. This is believed to reflect mainly the increasing awareness of CMI on the part of both laymen and the medical profession. In the history of 2/3 of the patients at least one of the following conditions was noted: non‐breast feeding, infectious gastroenteritis, praematurity, 21‐trisomy, prior intra‐abdominal surgery, Hirschsprung's disease, and atopic disease in family members. The long follow‐up averaging over four years revealed four patients with coeliac disease. In one of these the proximal jejunal mucosa was normal after two years on gluten‐containing diet, but he showed a mucosal relapse as late as between 2 to 4 years on normal diet.
THE ROLE OF ACTIVE SODIUM AND POTASSIUM TRANSPORT IN HYPONATREMIC STATES IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: SIGSTRöM L.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Sigström, L. (Department of Paediatrics I, University of Goteborg, östra Sjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden). The role of active sodium and potassium transport in hyponatremia states in infancy and childhood. Acta Psediatr Scand, 70:353, 1981.–Erythrocytes from 14 infants and children with serum sodium concentrations of 125 mmol/1 or less were analyzed for total and Na+, K+‐ATPase, sodium and potassium content and ATP concentrations to evaluate the role of active Na+‐K+ transport in hyponatremia. In six out of nine patients, with a duration of hyponatremia of more than 48 hours low Na+, K ‐ATPase activities and high erythrocyte sodium concentrations and Na+‐K+ ratios were found indicating that a decreased Na+, K+‐ATPase activity leading to an increased intracellular accumulation of sodium ions may have reduced the extracellular sodium concentration. Three subjects with large sodium losses had high Na+, K+‐ATPase activities and normal erythrocyte sodium concentrations. In five cases of hyponatremia with a duration of less than 24 hours the variables indicating active Na+‐K+ transport were normal. The therapeutic implications with sodium substitution and the use of drugs affecting active Na+‐K+ transport are discussed.
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF NEPHROPATHIC CYSTINOSIS: Pregnancy at Risk Ascertained through Heterozygote Diagnosis of Parents
Authors: BOMAN HELGE , SCHNEIDER JERRY A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Boman, H. and Schneider, J. A. (Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA). Prenatal diagnosis of nephropathic cystinosis: Pregnancy at risk ascertained through heterozygote diagnosis of parents. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:389, 1981.–The biochemical diagnosis of cystinosis in a deceased girl was made indirectly through the demonstration of heterozygote values of free‐cystine contents in leukocytes from both parents. Amniocentesis was performed on the mother in the 16th week of two subsequent pregnancies. Amniotic fluid cell lysate from the first fetus had 6–8 times normal levels of radioactivity in the cystine band determined by a 35S‐cystine pulse labeling method followed by high voltage electrophoresis on paper. Values for the cystine contents in various organs of the affected fetus are given. The second fetus was found to be not affected, and this was subsequently confirmed by the birth of a healthy child. The results of the laboratory analyses in these two cases were available to the parents 21 and 23 days following amniocentesis, respectively. The interruption of the first pregnancy was performed in the 19th week. This was 4 and 6 weeks earlier, respectively, than in the two previously reported induced abortions of affected fetuses, and should increase the acceptability of the present method for prenatal diagnosis of nephrophatic cystinosis.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM BILIRUBIN AND RESERVE ALBUMIN FOR BINDING OF BILIRUBIN DURING PHOTOTHERAPY OF PRETERM INFANTS
Authors: EBBESEN F.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Ebbesen, F. (Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). The relationship between serum bilirubin and reserve albumin for binding of bilirubin during phototherapy of preterm infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:405, 1981.–Thirty‐four preterm newborn infants suffering from uncomplicated hyperbilirubinaemia were studied. The infants received ordinary phototherapy continuously during 48 hours. The serum unconjugated bilirubin concentration decreased significantly during the treatment, and a significant correlation between the changes in the serum bilirubin concentration and the changes in the serum reserve albumin concentration for binding of bilirubin measured by the [14C]MADDS method was found. The regression coefficients were ‐0.50 and ‐0.48 after 24 and 48 hours of treatment, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy is reduced by phototherapy in preterm infants.
EFFECT OF PHOTOTHERAPY ON ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE PROTEINS OF FULL‐TERM AND PREMATURE HUMAN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: SATO H. , KASHIWAMATA S. , KUROYANAGI M. , YAMASAKI Y.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Sato, H., Kashiwamata, S., Kuroyanagi, M. and Yamasaki, Y. (Departments of Perinatology and Morphology, Institute for Developmental Research, and Department of Neonatology, Central Hospital, Aichi Prefectural Colony, Aichi, Japan). Effect of phototherapy on erythrocyte membrane proteins of full‐term and premature human newborn infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:409, 1981.–Erythrocyte membrane proteins of premature and full‐term newborn infants were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis before and after phototherapy for about 21 hours at the irradiation energy of 7.3±103 erg/cm2/sec. There were no qualitative and quantitative differences in the pattern of membrane proteins before and after phototherapy in these infants.
TRACE METALS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: VAN CAILLIE‐BERTRAND M. , DE BIÉVILLE F. , NEIJENS H. , KERREBIJN K. , FERNANDES J. , DEGENHART H.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Serum zinc and copper concentration, 24 hrs urinary zinc and copper excretion, plasma selenium and red blood cell glutathione peroxidase activity were measured in 13 cystic fibrosis patients aged 6 to 15 years. The mean serum zinc value ± S. D. (17.3 μmol/1 ± 4.6) did not differ from that of the control group (17.9 μmol/1 ± 3.1). Urinary zinc excretion in 12 out of 13 patients was within the normal range (1.53‐13.8 μmol/24 hrs). The mean serum copper ± S. D. (23.8 μmol/1 ± 4.2) was not significantly elevated as compared to the value found in the control group (19.2 μmol/1 ± 3.5), but 4 children, including 1 with documented portal hypertension, showed an urinary copper excretion >0.94 μmol/24 hrs (normal: 0.16‐0.80 μmol/24 hrs). Mean plasma selenium ± S. D. (0.84 μmol/1 ± 0.25) was significantly reduced as compared to the control group (1.0 μmol/1 ± 0.15) (p<0.05). The correlation between selenium concentration and RBC glutathione peroxidase activity was significant (p<0.01). A negative correlation was also found between plasma selenium and 24 hrs faecal fat excretion (p<0.05). It is concluded that CF children with severe dysfunction of the exocrine pancreas are at increased risk to develop symptoms of subclinical or manifest zinc and/or selenium deficiency. Appropriate supplementation should therefore systematically be considered.