bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanoencapsulación de compuestos bioactivos con actividad antioxidante de Justicia spicigera (Muicle) y Theobroma cacao L. (Cacao)
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA, Aguilar-Méndez Miguel Ángel , San Martín Martínez Eduardo ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA, Yáñez-Fernández Jorge ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Alimentaria-UPIBI, Navarro-Cerón Elisabeth ,   Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal (LANISAF), Universidad Autónoma Chapingo
Published: November 2020

En este trabajo, se elaboraron nanopartículas cargadas con extractos polifenólicos de Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) y Justicia spicigera (muicle). El contenido de fenoles totales del grano de cacao y el muicle se determinó usando el reactivo Folin-Ciocalteu y la actividad antioxidante se estimó usando los ensayos DPPH (2,2-difenil-2-picrilhidrazilo) y FRAP (reducción férrica / poder antioxidante). El proceso de nanoencapsulación se realizó mediante un nano-secador por aspersión utilizando pectina y aislado de proteína de suero como materiales de pared. Los resultados mostraron que fue posible obtener nanopartículas con morfología esferoidal homogénea y un tamaño promedio de aproximadamente 500 nm. Los experimentos in vitro, en los que se utilizó el método DPPH para evaluar la prevalencia de la capacidad inhibitoria de radicales libres de los extractos nanoencapsulados, indicaron que las eficiencias de carga para las nanopartículas cargadas con ambos extractos fueron aproximadamente del 56.53 % y 41.38 % para muicle y cacao, respectivamente; de la misma manera los resultados de FRAP fueron equivalentes respecto a la capacidad antioxidante.
La lanterne magique, une histoire indienne ?
Authors: d’Azevedo Amandine
Published: November 2020

Cet article envisage différentes pistes liées à la découverte d'un fonds de lanterne magique narrative, fictionnelle et mythologique en Inde. Déposé dans les archives du cinéma (NFAI) et oublié, ce fonds unique (une lanterne et plus de 200 plaques) soulève la question du pré-cinéma, du médium et de la circulation des imageries dans le champ visuel indien. Retracer l'histoire et le fonctionnement de cette lanterne, permet de croiser d'autres arts populaires (théâtre, peinture, cinéma) dans un contexte bien particulier (l'Inde coloniale). Cette lanterne offre par ailleurs des singularités, tant dans son approche du mouvement des images, de la construction du récit, que dans sa mise en place d'un spectacle magique, religieux et dévotionnel.
Eisenstein et le kabuki
Authors: Château Dominique
Published: November 2020

« Il semble que tous les arts aient, à travers les siècles, tendu vers le cinéma. Inversement le cinéma aide à comprendre leurs méthodes » a dit Eisenstein. Le kabuki participe de cette hypothèse, il vient joindre les arts dont l’approfondissement est censé bénéficier de la perspective de la théorie du montage. Réciproquement, dans les textes d’Eisenstein, ce théâtre japonais, traditionnel quoique toujours vivace, vient appuyer la théorie du montage cinématographique, anticipant même son extension au-delà du visuel. D’où une hésitation possible entre l’hypothèse que le kabuki est un modèle du cinéma et celle que le cinéma est un modèle du kabuki. Centrée sur les textes du cinéaste de 1928-1929 et sur les données disponibles relatives à la venue d’une troupe de kabuki en URSS en 1928 qui marque la rencontre d’Eisenstein avec ce type de spectacle, cette étude met en lumière le caractère intermédial du kabuki aux niveaux interne et externe, monosémiotique et polysémiotique, conduisant à une conception du montage comme art contrapuntique.
Adorno à Malibu : les enjeux critiques du slapstick, entre modernité technologique et résurgence « grotesque »
Authors: Guido Laurent
Published: November 2020

La réflexion sur le slapstick (appelé confusément « burlesque » en France), dans le sillage des perspectives tracées par Tom Gunning, s’est penchée sur les rapports entre le cinéma comique américain « muet » et son contexte technologique. Dans cette introduction on met en évidence les tensions qui ont pu apparaître dans le discours de critiques, théoriciens et artistes se réclamant souvent du marxisme qui furent fascinés par un « américanisme » reposant les bases mêmes de l’efficience capitaliste. Au sein du courant de la « théorie critique » – Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Siegfried Kracauer –, dont les propositions sur le cinéma et les médias suscitent depuis quelques années un indéniable regain d’intérêt, les positions sont contrastées. Si Benjamin estime qu’en exploitant leur essence mécanique les films comiques sont susceptibles de faire émerger une prise de conscience critique et militante au sein de la foule réunie dans la salle, pour Adorno, le rire qui éclate dans cette salle est aux antipodes d’une posture révolutionnaire : il est « rempli du pire sadisme bourgeois ». Avec l’exemple de Chaplin apparaît cependant un rire archaïque, dont les fondements anthropologiques sont antérieurs à l’avènement de la modernité technologique. Pour Hanns Eisler, la « division du travail » n’a rien à faire dans l’art chaplinien qui, retournant à des spectacles populaires non légitimés, est susceptible de « trouver accès à des énergies collectives » libératrices.
Les « deux » versions de The Gold Rush (la Ruée vers l’or)
Authors: Bordat Francis
Published: November 2020

Le 16 avril 1942, jour du 53e anniversaire de Charlie Chaplin, United Artists sort sur les écrans américains une réédition de la Ruée vers l’or (The Gold Rush) dont la version muette datait de 1925. Chaplin a passé presque un an (juin 1941 à avril 1942) à remonter et sonoriser son film. Ne pouvant plus utiliser le négatif du montage original, ni les interpositifs et les contretypes correspondants, à cause des faux raccords dus à l’extraction des cartons, il recourut aux prises conservées de la caméra no 2 (il tournait toujours avec deux caméras, par sécurité), et aux rushes inutilisés et archivés. Comme, pour des raisons techniques, les prises de la seconde caméra n’étaient pas tout à fait dans le même axe que celles de la première, des suppressions de plans ou de scènes durent être effectuées ; plus encore des raisons de forme et de fond intervinrent avec des conséquences esthétiques ou idéologiques analysées dans cet article, qui décrit précisément ce qui distingue les deux versions en particulier dans deux séquences clés. Enfin en retraçant par le menu les avatars du matériel de 1925 qui aurait dû être détruit selon les volontés de Chaplin, on parvient, de versions pirates en reconstructions, à la conclusions qu’il existe à ce jour cinq versions de The Gold Rush repérées.
Un rythme irrésistible : attraction et mimétisme corporel aux sources du dispositif cinématographique
Authors: Guido Laurent
Published: November 2020

Cet essai revient sur un motif bien connu du premier cinéma comique, où un mouvement d’ordre « contagieux », associé à de nouvelles formes de danse, se transmet mimétiquement d’un personnage à un autre. Déjà envisagé sous l’angle des pathologies, ce phénomène d’« imitation inconsciente » renvoie aussi au dispositif spectaculaire lui-même, ainsi qu’à des mécanismes perceptifs propres à l’activité des spectateurs, ce que révèle la prise en compte des conceptions du rythme corporel autour de 1900. Cette approche met en avant des problématiques moins liées aux traumatismes qu’à des enjeux de pouvoir, contribuant de ce fait à une réflexion sur les usages historiques et les conceptions théoriques de l’attraction.
« Dans quel ton jouons-nous ? », le métier de musicien d’orchestre de cinéma à Paris au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Pluquet Céline
Published: November 2020

Dans la Cinématographie Française de la fin des années 1910 et au cours des années 1920, Constant Larchet intervient sur la question de la musique au cinéma, en apportant de précieuses informations sur la pratique de musicien de salle de cinéma et sur le savoir-faire qu’elle requiert. Cette importance est confirmée par le tournant que prend un conflit social entre exploitants et musiciens durant l’été 1919 aboutissant à une grève. La standardisation de la pratique musicale dans les salles et la place centrale de l’orchestre, en particulier à Paris, renforcent le rôle du chef d’orchestre de cinéma dans l’élaboration du spectacle cinématographique. Devenu une figure publique, il participera notamment tout au long des années 1920 à la définition de la musique de cinéma et au cinéma, par la création d’adaptations musicales et d’un répertoire spécifiquement cinématographique. Cette étude révèle ainsi le processus d’institutionnalisation de la profession de musicien de salle de cinéma largement renforcé par les accords de 1919 qui serviront de référence durant les années 1920.
Formation of PEO-Coatings for Implants Materials
Authors: Nadaraia Konstantine V. , Pleshkova Arina I. , Piatkova Mariia A. , Imshinetsky Igor M. , Mashtalyar Dmitry V. , Plekhova Natalya G. , Sinebryukhov Sergey L. , Gnedenkov Sergey V.
Published: November 2020

The paper presents results of investigation of biocompatible coatings on VT1-0 commercially pure titanium formed using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method. The effects of samples with different surface treatment on the functional activity of cells innate immunity have been studied. The study of enzymes has showed the higher stimulation of cellular metabolism during the first hour of contact with the PEO-coating in comparison with the uncoated titanium. The smallest immunostimulatory influence has been obtained for PEO-coating. It has been established that PEO-layers on titanium affect the functional state of cellular processes accompanying bone mineralization.
Synthesis of Phosphate Phases on Polysaccharide Template
Authors: Silant'ev Vladimir E. , Egorkin Vladimir S. , Zemskova Larisa A. , Sinebryukhov Sergey L. , Gnedenkov Sergey V.
Published: November 2020

New method of synthesis of biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic composite materials based on polysaccharide chitosan and inorganic phosphate component will be presented in this work. Materials structure was changed by in situ transformation of phosphate phases. Transformation of initial precursors to hydroxyapatite as one of the most stable phosphate phase occurred as a result of thermal and alkaline treatment. XRD and SEM methods were applied to investigate structure and morphology of obtained samples.
Disruption of coniferophagous bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) mass attack using angiosperm nonhost volatiles: from concept to operational use
Authors: Huber Dezene P.W. , Fettig Christopher J. , Borden John H.
Published: November 2020

Although the use of nonhost plants intercropped among host crops has been a standard agricultural practice for reducing insect herbivory for millennia, the use of nonhost signals to deter forest pests is much more recent, having been developed over the past several decades. Early exploratory studies with synthetic nonhost volatile semiochemicals led to targeted electrophysiological and trapping experiments on a variety of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) across three continents. This work disclosed a suite of antennally and behaviourally active nonhost volatiles, which are detected in common across a range of coniferophagous bark beetles. It also established the fact that dispersing bark and ambrosia beetles detect nonhost signals while in flight and avoid nonhost trees without necessarily landing on them. Later work showed that groups of synthetic nonhost volatiles, sometimes combined with insect-derived antiaggregants, are effective in protecting individual trees and forest stands. Further work in this system may lead to the development of a variety of new and useful tactics for use in various integrated pest management strategies.
Position-Dependent Differential Targeting of Somatic Hypermutation
Authors: Zhou Julian Q. , Kleinstein Steven H.
Published: November 2020

Somatic hypermutation (SHM) generates much of the Ab diversity necessary for affinity maturation and effective humoral immunity. The activation-induced cytidine deaminase–induced DNA lesions and error-prone repair that underlie SHM are known to exhibit intrinsic biases when targeting the Ig sequences. Computational models for SHM targeting often model the targeting probability of a nucleotide in a motif-based fashion, assuming that the same DNA motif is equally likely to be targeted regardless of its position along the Ig sequence. The validity of this assumption, however, has not been rigorously studied in vivo. In this study, by analyzing a large collection of 956,157 human Ig sequences while controlling for the confounding influence of selection, we show that the likelihood of a DNA 5-mer motif being targeted by SHM is not the same at different positions in the same Ig sequence. We found position-dependent differential SHM targeting for about three quarters of the 38 and 269 unique motifs from more than half of the 292 and 1912 motif–allele pairs analyzed using productive and nonproductive Ig sequences, respectively. The direction of the differential SHM targeting was largely conserved across individuals with no allele-specific effect within an IgH variable gene family, but was not consistent with general decay of SHM targeting with increasing distance from the transcription start site. However, SHM targeting did correlate positively with the mutability of the wider sequence neighborhood surrounding the motif. These findings provide insights and future directions for computational efforts toward modeling SHM.
Essential Role of Neutrophils in the Protective Immune Response Induced by a Live Attenuated Leishmania Vaccine
Authors: Bhattacharya Parna , Dey Ranadhir , Saxena Ankit , Karmakar Subir , Ismail Nevien , Gannavaram Sreenivas , Dagur Pradeep K. , Satoskar Monika , Satoskar Sanika , De Paoli Silvia , Takeda Kazuyo , McCoy John Philip , Nakhasi Hira L.
Published: November 2020

No licensed vaccine exists against visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a disease caused by the Leishmania donovani parasite. We have previously reported both macrophages and dendritic cells play important role in the protection induced by a live attenuated centrin gene–deleted L. donovani (LdCen−/−) parasite vaccine. The role of neutrophils in orchestrating the initial innate response to pathogens is widely recognized. To investigate the early interaction of LdCen−/− with neutrophils, we immunized mice intradermally in the ear pinna with LdCen−/−. Compared with LdWT infection, LdCen−/− parasites induced higher recruitment of neutrophils to the ear dermis and ear draining lymph nodes (dLN) as early as 6–18 h after immunization, which were predominantly proinflammatory in nature. Neutrophils from ear dLN of LdCen−/−-immunized mice exhibited heightened expression of costimulatory molecules and attenuated expression of coinhibitory molecules necessary for higher T cell activation. Further phenotypic characterization revealed heterogeneous neutrophil populations containing Nα and Nβ subtypes in the ear dLN. Of the two, the parasitized Nα subset from LdCen−/−-immunized mice exhibited much stronger Ag-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation ex vivo. Adoptive transfer of neutrophils bearing LdCen−/− parasites induced an increased Th1 response in naive mice. Importantly, neutrophil depletion significantly abrogated Ag-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation in LdCen−/−-immunized mice and impaired protection against virulent challenge. Conversely, replenishing of neutrophils significantly restored the LdCen−/− -induced host-protective response. These results suggest that neutrophils are indispensable for protective immunity induced by LdCen−/− parasite vaccine.
Glycine 236 in the Lower Hinge Region of Human IgG1 Differentiates FcγR from Complement Effector Function
Authors: Brinkhaus Maximilian , Douwes Ruben G. J. , Bentlage Arthur E. H. , Temming A. Robin , de Taeye Steven W. , Tammes Buirs Matthias , Gerritsen Jacoline , Mok Juk Yee , Brasser Giso , Ligthart Peter C. , van Esch Wim J. E. , Verheesen Peter , de Haard Hans , Rispens Theo , Vidarsson Gestur
Published: November 2020

Abs of the IgG isotype mediate effector functions like Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis by Fc interactions with FcγRs and complement-dependent cytotoxicity upon IgG-Fc binding to C1q. In this study, we describe the crucial role of the highly conserved dual glycines at position 236–237 in the lower hinge region of human IgG, including the lack of one glycine as found in IgG2. We found several permutations in this region that either silence or largely abrogate FcγR binding and downstream FcγR effector functions, as demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance, Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays. Although the binding regions of FcγRs and C1q on the IgG-Fc largely overlap, IgG1 with a deletion of G236 only silences FcγR-mediated effector functions without affecting C1q-binding or activation. Several mutations resulted in only residual FcγRI binding with differing affinities that are either complement competent or silenced. Interestingly, we also found that IgG2, naturally only binding FcγRIIa, gains binding to FcγRI and FcγRIIIa after insertion of G236, highlighting the crucial importance of G236 in IgG for FcγR interaction. These mutants may become invaluable tools for FcγR-related research as well as for therapeutic purposes in which only complement-mediated functions are required without the involvement of FcγR.
Integrating the Water Framework Directive into the Habitats Directive: Analysis of distribution patterns of lacustrine EU habitats in lakes of Lombardy (northern Italy)
Authors: Bolpagni Rossano , Azzella Mattia M. , Agostinelli Chiara , Beghi Andrea , Bettoni Eugenia , Brusa Guido , De Molli Cristina , Formenti Riccardo , Galimberti Filippo , Cerabolini Bruno E.L.
Published: November 2020

The existence of strong potential synergies between the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Habitats Directive (HD) is widely acknowledged. Indeed, ensuring favourable conservation conditions for aquatic habitats and species of conservation concern is closely related to the achievement of a good ecological status in water bodies. However, since these two sets of European laws are generally applied without any coordination, an inefficient use of resources may adversely affect their goals. The main negative outcome is an increase in the cost of monitoring programs for collecting data in nature (i.e., physical and chemical parameters, species and habitats, plant communities). The use of macrophytes as a bioindicator, as imposed by the WFD, may instead help to integrate data on aquatic EU habitats and enhance knowledge of such habitats outside the Natura 2000 network. The aim of present study was to evaluate the usefulness of data collected in WFD monitoring surveys as a means of inferring the occurrence and the distribution of lacustrine aquatic habitats in countries belonging to the European Union (EU). The main aim of the analysis was to identify the depth gradient distribution of diagnostic macrophyte taxa in two EU habitats (3140, i.e., Chara-dominated benthic communities, and 3150, i.e., natural eutrophic lakes) using data collected in lakes in Lombardy (northern Italy), some of which are included in the Natura 2000 network (10 out 16). While recognizing the limitations of the data collected within the two frameworks, the results confirmed the marked usefulness of WFD data as a means of enhancing the knowledge available on lacustrine aquatic habitats in the EU. WFD data can actively help to improve the basic information on aquatic habitats, thereby more effectively supporting regional strategies for biodiversity conservation as well as recovery programs.
Cladocera resting egg banks in temporary and permanent wetlands
Authors: Panarelli Eliana A. , Nielsen Daryl , Holland Aleicia
Published: November 2020

Cladocerans are important filter-feeders transferring energy up the food web to different invertebrate and vertebrate predators. Along the flood period, cladocerans are one of the primary food sources for juvenile fish in floodplain. Resting egg banks allow cladoceran populations to overcome the environmental stress, related to several limnological changes, including complete drying of temporary wetlands. After drought, resting egg banks influence cladoceran community attributes during the cyclic and successional processes driven by episodic flood events. In this study we compared the taxonomic richness of active (from the water column) and dormant (from the sediment) Cladocera assemblages and analyzed the structure of resting egg banks, comparing the diversity, abundance and apparent viability/unviability of the eggs, between six temporary and six permanent wetlands, located along the Ovens River Floodplain, Victoria, Australia. The qualitative analysis shows higher taxonomic richness in active assemblages from temporary (24 taxa) than permanent (13 taxa) wetlands compared to dormant assemblages present in resting egg banks (9 taxa) from temporary and permanent wetlands. However, richness was influenced by taxonomic level of identification, with the majority of resting eggs only being identified to the taxonomic level of family (i.e. Chydoridae). Total taxa richness within egg banks was similar between wetland types, however, on average higher Shannon’s diversity of resting eggs was found within permanent (1.53) than temporary (0.82) wetlands. This is likely to be due to more stable wetlands not providing appropriate cues to trigger dormancy induction or breakage for specific populations, leading to higher values of evenness in permanent than temporary wetlands. Comparing permanent and temporary wetlands, higher abundance of resting eggs (more than four times) consisting of higher abundance of unviable eggs and similar viable egg abundance to permanent wetlands, was found within temporary wetlands, suggesting that the increased resting egg abundance in temporary wetlands is balanced by the losses due to factors such as predation, parasitism or other physical damage, during the terrestrial phase. Despite resistant outer shell structure, this study highlights that the damage to egg integrity is intensified in wetlands that undergo dry phases. Cladoceran resting egg banks represent the potential assemblage to recover after disturbance events such as drying, and information about these is important to ensure appropriate management and conservation of floodplain biodiversity.
The Recent non-marine ostracods of Tunisia: an updated checklist with remarks on their regional distribution patterns and ecological preferences
Authors: Marrone Federico , Pieri Valentina , Turki Souâd , Rossetti Giampaolo
Published: November 2020

Different lines of investigation have recently contributed to increasing the available knowledge about the invertebrates inhabiting inland waters of north Africa, but a comprehensive synopsis on Tunisian Ostracoda is missing to date. An updated checklist of Recent non-marine ostracods from Tunisia and data on their distribution is thus offered here, representing the most extensive survey on this crustacean group ever carried out in inland waters throughout the country. One-hundred-five sites covering various climate zones, from Mediterranean to desert areas, were sampled between 2002 and 2012. Most of the considered water bodies were temporary or ephemeral habitats, but a few permanent sites were sampled as well. Overall, 18 genera and 32 taxa of putative species rank were collected in the frame of this survey, among which nine species and five genera were new to Tunisian fauna. As a result of this study and based on previous investigations, nine families (Candonidae, Cyprididae, Cytherideidae, Darwinulidae, Ilyocyprididae, Leptocytheridae, Limnocytheridae, Loxoconchidae, Paradoxostomatidae), 29 genera and at least 45 species of non-marine ostracods are currently known for Tunisia, which thus prove to host the most diverse ostracod fauna among north African countries. The number of species occurring in a single sample varied from 1 to 4. The Eucypris virens complex was the most widespread taxon (58 records), followed by Heterocypris barbara (30 records), Heterocypris incongruens (22 records), and Sarscypridopsis aculeata (16 records). For some ostracod species, clear distributional gradients associated with different climatic conditions were observed. The affinities with adjacent Maghrebian ostracod faunas are discussed. This study confirms the crucial role played by marginal aquatic habitats for the conservation of biodiversity, in particular in arid and semi-arid regions.
Moored observations of turbulent mixing events in deep Lake Garda, Italy
Authors: Van Haren Hans , Piccolroaz Sebastiano , Amadori Marina , Toffolon Marco , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: November 2020

Deep water circulation and mixing processes are responsible for the transport of matter, nutrients and pollutants in deep lakes. Nevertheless, detailed continuous observations are rarely available. To overcome some of these deficiencies and with the aim of improving our understanding of deep mixing processes, a dedicated yearlong mooring comprising 100 high-resolution temperature sensors and a single current meter were located in the deeper half of the 344 m deepest point of the subalpine Lake Garda, Italy. The observations show peaks and calms of turbulent exchange, besides ubiquitous internal wave activity. In late winter, northerly winds activate episodic deep convective overturning, the dense water being subsequently advected along the lake-floor. Besides deep convection, such winds also set-up seiches and inertial waves that are associated with about 100 times larger turbulence dissipation rates than that by semidiurnal internal wave breaking observed in summer. In the lower 60 m above the lake-floor, however, the average turbulence dissipation rate is approximately constant in value year-around, being about 10 times larger than open-ocean values, except during deep convection episodes.
Alcune considerazioni etiche sul Liber Augustalis di Federico II di Svevia
Authors: Sgreccia Elio , Catananti Cesare , Pennacchini Maddalena
Published: November 2020

Il Liber Augustalis di Federico II di Svevia è una raccolta di leggi poco conosciuta da chi non sia uno studioso o un cultore di storia del diritto. Questa legislazione, altrimenti nota come “Costituzioni di Melfi”, contiene alcune norme di deontologia professionale e di polizia sanitaria che mostrano la lungimiranza dell’Imperatore Svevo. In questo lavoro gli Autori hanno ritenuto opportuno rivisitare esclusivamente le c.d. “leggi sanitarie” di Federico II, ossia undici titoli contenuti tutti nel III libro delle Costituzioni, dedicati alle questioni sanitarie. Una rilettura di queste norme si è rivelata utile in primo luogo perché esse regolamentano alcune problematiche che ancor oggi fanno discutere il legislatore e, in seconda istanza, perché hanno precorso i tempi nelle modalità in cui hanno affrontato certi contenuti, tant’è vero che le soluzioni indicate mantengono a tutt’oggi una validità nei principi sia dal punto di vista della regolamentazione deontologico-sanitaria sia dal punto di vista etico.
Mastering your fellowship (Online)
Authors: Naidoo Mergan , Mash Robert , Ross Andrew
Published: November 2020

The series, “Mastering your Fellowship”, provides examples of the question format encountered in the written Final Part A of the FCFP (SA) examination. The series is aimed at helping family medicine registrars prepare for this examination. Model answers are available online.
Depression among infertile women in Ogbomosoland
Authors: Oladeji S. A. , OlaOlorun A. D.
Published: November 2020

Background: Infertility is a major medical condition that affects many married couples globally and it has immense psycho-social impact on couples, especially in Africa where a high premium is placed on child-bearing. This study therefore determined the prevalence of and the factors associated with depression among infertile women in Ogbomoso, Southwest Nigeria.Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at the gynaecology clinic of the Bowen University Teaching Hospital using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to screen for and determine the severity of depression as well as assess the social functioning of the respondents. A total of 110 women with infertility were recruited. Data was analysed using SPSS® (version 20) with statistical significance set at less than 0.05.Results: The study found a depression prevalence of 52.7%. There was no significant association between the age group of therespondents (p = 0.889), their level of education (p = 0.731), years since marriage (p = 0.38), type of infertility (p = 0.873), number of living children (p = 0.226), sex of the children (p = 0.257) and depression. Depression was, however, significantly associated with impairment in social functioning of the respondents (p = 0.005).Conclusion: Depression is a very common co-morbidity in infertile women. It should not only be screened for among infertilewomen, but physicians attending to such women need to offer psycho-social support as part of care for these women.
Adult binge drinking: rate, frequency and intensity in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa
Authors: Owolabi Eyitayo Omolara , Ter Goon Daniel , Adeniyi Oladele Vincent , Seekoe Eunice
Published: November 2020

Background: Binge drinking (BD) is a significant risk factor for several acute and chronic illnesses, including injuries. This study examines the rate, frequency and intensity of BD in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM), South Africa.Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of 998 adults attending the three largest outpatient clinics in BCMM. Rate, frequency and intensity of BD were assessed using the WHO STEPwise questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out to determine the rate and determinants of binge drinking.Results: The overall rate of BD was 15.0%. Frequency and intensity of BD were 5.4 episodes per month and 13.4 drinks on one occasion, respectively. The study data showed that BD was commoner in males than females (24.0% vs. 10.8%). Smokers engagemore in BD than non-smokers (44.0% vs. 9.9%). In the analysis of socio-demographic variables, BD was commonest among students, age group 18–25 years, those never married and those on incomes between 2001 and 5000 Rand per month. In themultivariate logistic regression, after adjusting for confounders, only age less than 25 years (p 0.001) and male gender (p 0.001) were significant predictors of binge drinking. Also, male gender (p = 0.002) was significantly associated with frequency of BD. There was no significant gender variation in the intensity of BD. Only age and smoking were significantly associated with the intensity of BD.Conclusion: The rate of binge drinking was high among the study participants, and those who binge drink tend to do so frequently and at a high intensity. Women who binge drink also do so at a high intensity. There is a need for sensitisation campaigns and health advocacy talks on the dangers associated with binge drinking among young adults in this setting.
Medico-legal aspects regarding drunk driving: experience and competency in practice of community service doctors
Authors: Fouché L. , Bezuidenhout J. , Liebenberg C. , Adefuyea A. O.
Published: November 2020

Background: Drunk driving has been reported to increase the risk of road traffic accidents associated with death and severe injury. In South Africa, an increase in blood alcohol concentration of as little as 0.01 g per 100 ml above the legal limit may warrant criminal prosecution or the denial of an insurance claim for damages. However, multiple court cases have been withdrawn because of the incompetence of officials at various stages of the investigation. The scope of the mistakes range from poor scene handling to the incorrect handling of blood samples at the laboratory to eventual laboratory testing of blood samples. Using a group of community service doctors (CSDs) as a cohort study group, this study investigated the competency of medical graduates in relation to the medico-legal aspects of drunk driving.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire-based study was done with 150 CSDs. The questionnaire was administered in Afrikaans and English and was dispatched electronically via e-mail. All potential participants were contacted telephonically to obtain verbal consent. Results are displayed as percentages.Results: A response rate of 59.3% was achieved. The results obtained in this study confirm that some CSDs lack competency in handling medico-legal aspects relating to drunk driving, and are thus unable to serve the communities they have been assigned to adequately. Their lack of skills and knowledge suggests that the present undergraduate Clinical Forensic Medicine curriculum is inadequate.Conclusion: It would be beneficial to revise the curriculum for Clinical Forensic Medicine in undergraduate medical training to address the gap in knowledge and practice of various demands of forensic medicine required from new medical graduates and CSDs.
„Po grudniu ubiegłego roku”. Problematyka polityczna w szczecińskim miesięczniku społeczno-kulturalnym Spojrzenia (1971–1974)
Authors: Kristanova Evelina
Published: November 2020

“Following last December…”: Political Topics in the Local Socio-Cultural Monthly Spojrzenia (1971–1974) The paper presents Spojrzenia, a Szczecin-based socio-cultural monthly magazine, never analyzed in the literature before. The short-lived, local magazine was founded and published in the early years of Edward Gierek’s rule. The author attempts to scrutinize issues discussed in the monthly, with particular focus on political topics that reflected a new propagandist trend in the Polish People’s Republic. The research material consists of press sources reprinted in Spojrzenia and archival materials stored in the Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw and the Archives of the Institute of National Remembrance in Szczecin. The wide-ranging scope of subjects discussed in Spojrzenia was dominated by regional topics and texts promoting local writers and culture. An interesting initiative taken by the monthly’s editorial board was a series of articles entitled Literature versus Politics. Alas, the majority of journalists lost interest in writing developing that series after the Polish 1970 Strikes.
Treści oraz cele wychowawcze magazynów szkolnych dwudziestolecia międzywojennego na podstawie pism szkół żeńskich Dziś i Jutro oraz Młodzieńczy Lot
Authors: Zielińska Katarzyna Ewa
Published: November 2020

The Content and Educational objectives of the Interwar School Magazines Based on the Example of the Girls’ Schools Periodicals Today and Tomorrow (Dziś i Jutro) and Youthful Flight (Młodzieńczy Lot) The magazines of pre-war female schools provide knowledge about the development of a new community – girls attending secondary education, which was formed as a result of numerous education reforms after 1918. The article presents the results of a content analysis of two periodicals edited by middle school students from the 1920s and 1930s. The purpose of the research was to identify the most popular issues discussed in Today and Tomorrow (Dziś i Jutro) and Youthful Flight (Młodzieńczy Lot) periodicals. It revealed the directions and goals of the pre-war education of school girls and the educational program in the interwar period. From the author’s point of view, it can be considered a universal model for the formula of pre-war school magazines, edited by girls, which significantly supplemented the rich offer of magazines for young people of the interwar period.
Istotne pytania
Authors: Furman Wojciech
Published: November 2020

Kazimierz Wolny-Zmorzyński: Biblia a korzenie reportażu. Glosa do historii i teorii gatunku. Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2020, s. 189.
Twitter – narzędzie światowej polityki
Authors: Jas Michał
Published: November 2020

Łukasz Walewski: Wł@dza w sieci. Jak nami rządzą social media. Wyd. MANDO, Kraków 2020, s. 252.
KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA STRANE STRUČNE LEKSIKE KORPUSA BOGOSLOVSKIH NAUČNIH RADOVA NA SRPSKOM I ENGLESKOM JEZIKU / COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN PROFESSIONAL LEXICON OF THE CORPUS OF THEOLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC PAPERS IN SERBIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Authors: Knežević Ivana
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we will analyze the words from the corpus of theological scientific works in Serbian and English, which are taken over mainly from Greek, Latin and Hebrew. In the case where there are appropriate translations, we will carry out the comparative analysis and, in addition, provide the results of the statistical analysis.
Digital Archiving Policy
Authors: Journals EJMS
Published: November 2020

Digital Archiving Policy
Open Access Policy
Authors: Journals EJMS
Published: November 2020

Open Access Policy
Global Supply Chains in Response to COVID-19: Adopting a Real Options Mindset
Authors: Perez-Batres Luis A. , Treviño Len J.
Published: November 2020

Businesses and governments may have been overconfident in their ability to react efficiently to black swan consequences. COVID-19 levied unforeseen isolation and border closings threatening the survival of global supply chains and the bankruptcy of governments and organizations alike. As a response to this challenge, our proposal takes a real options approach to mitigate supply chain disruptions by developing regional partnerships outside of densely populated areas. Its inherent novelty is twofold: (1) it anticipates survival uncertainties by securing the continued production of goods and services worldwide and (2) it recognizes a change in the relationship’s dynamic between global and regional actors.
COVID-19 and International Diversification: A New Paradigm for Multinationals
Authors: DeGhetto Kaitlyn
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 has challenged longstanding assumptions about multinationals’ international diversification strategies. Unlike corruption or war, this new type of uncertainty is unavoidable. All countries are affected. And, throughout the pandemic, having a global workforce has created additional challenges related to managing diverse policies, resources, and cultures. Going forward, executives of multinationals will first and foremost consider business continuity when selecting investment locations. Multinationals, especially those in service-based industries, likely will scale down their global operations and focus on countries with infrastructures that support remote work and sustaining healthy populations. Key insights come from an executive who managed his firm’s COVID-19 response.
Pristup sadržajima o zavisnosti rezultatao od promene komponenata računskih operacija u udžbenicima matematike
Authors: Milinkovic Nenad , Maricic Sanja
Published: November 2020

Autori u radu skreću pažnju na metodički pristup sadr­žajima algebre koji se odnose na zavisnost rezultata od promene kompone­nata računskih operacija u mlađim razredima osnovne škole i ukazuju na potrebu da pristup ovim sadržajima ima polazište u realnim situacijama koje će biti modelovane i koje će predstavljati polazište za izvođenje generalizacija i simboličkih algebarskih notacija. U tom kontekstu akce­nat stavljaju na kontekstualni pristup učenju ovih sadržaja i razmatraju ulogu udžbenika matematike, kao osnove za učenje i oslonac učitelju u kon­cipiranju metodičkog pristupa u radu sa učenicima. Na uzorku udžbenika matematike za treći i četvrti razred osnovne škole organizovali su istraživanje, zasnovano na tehnici analize sadržaja, s ciljem da ispitaju koji pristup je dominantniji u uvođenju ovih sadržaja – kontekstualni ili nekontekstualni. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su značajne razlike u odabiru pristupa u uvođenju sadržaja u udžbenicima matematike, veza­nih za zavisnost, od isključive dominacije jednog pristupa do njihovog kombinovanja, kao i malu zastupljenost kontekstualno zasnovanih zadataka koji su predviđeni za vežbanje, utvrđivanje i primenu znanja.
Theatre and Drama in the Context of Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language within the Framemork of Language Teaching
Authors: ZEYREK Selin
Published: November 2020

Theatre and drama are fields with similar functionality in education, despite their practical differences. These disciplines are among the rare methods that are suitable for use in education because they contain all of the verbal-linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal-social, personal-inner, visual-spatial and musical-rhythmic features. It can be said to be effective in language learning and teaching in education with theatre and drama activities which are becoming increasingly common today. Theatre and drama activities, which combine bodily and cognitive interaction, offer multifaceted contributions to the learning-teaching process. Theatre and drama not only create social pluses on students, but also provide them with academic gains. It can be stated that theatre and drama will affect students ' language proficiency through in-class and out-of-class practices in language learning and teaching, especially in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. This study aims to draw attention to the positive aspects of theatre and drama in the context of teaching Turkish as a foreign language within the framework of Language Teaching.
PENSAR E FAZER A EDUCAÇÃO E FORMAÇÃO HUMANA EM TEMPOS DE CRISE
Authors: Nedel Oliveira Victor Hugo
Published: November 2020

Trata-se de resenha crítica da obra "Educação e formação humana: práticas de enfrentamento em tempos de crise", de organização de CARVALHO, Maria Vilani Cosme de; MARQUES, Eliana de Sousa Alencar; ARAUJO Francisco Antonio Machado e publicada em 2020, pela EDUFPI.
Anchored in Place: Rethinking the university and development in South Africa
Authors: Bank Leslie , Cloete Nico , van Schalkwyk François
Published: November 2020

Tensions in South African universities have traditionally centred around equity (particularly access and affordability), historical legacies (such as apartheid and colonialism), and the shape and structure of the higher education system. What has not received sufficient attention, is the contribution of the university to place-based development. This volume is the first in South Africa to engage seriously with the place-based developmental role of universities. In the international literature and policy there has been an increasing integration of the university with place-based development, especially in cities. This volume weighs in on the debate by drawing attention to the place-based roles and agency of South African universities in their local towns and cities. It acknowledges that universities were given specific development roles in regions, homelands and towns under apartheid, and comments on why sub-national, place-based development has not been a key theme in post-apartheid, higher education planning. Given the developmental crisis in the country, universities could be expected to play a more constructive and meaningful role in the development of their own precincts, cities and regions. But what should that role be? Is there evidence that this is already occurring in South Africa, despite the lack of a national policy framework? What plans and programmes are in place, and what is needed to expand the development agency of universities at the local level? Who and what might be involved? Where should the focus lie, and who might benefit most, and why? Is there a need perhaps to approach the challenges of college towns, secondary cities and metropolitan centers differently? This book poses some of these questions as it considers the experiences of a number of South African universities, including Wits, Pretoria, Nelson Mandela University and especially Fort Hare as one of its post-centenary challenges.
Pengaruh Kewajiban Pajak Tangguhan, Rasio Likuiditas Proksi Current Ratio Dan Rasio Profitabilitas Proksi Net Profit Margin Terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode
Authors: Pane Yonson
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Kewajiban Pajak Tangguhan, Current Ratio  dan Net Profit Margin berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba pada perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia sebanyak 53 perusahaan. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 12 perusahaan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kewajiban Pajak Tangguhan tidak berpengaruh terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba pada perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia, sedangkan Current Ratio  dan Net Profit Margin berpengaruh terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba pada perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil uji F menunjukkan bahwa variabel Kewajiban Pajak Tangguhan, Current Ratio  dan Net Profit Margin berpengaruh terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba pada perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel Pertumbuhan Laba dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel Kewajiban Pajak Tangguhan, Current Ratio  dan Net Profit Margin, sedangkan sisanya variabel Pertumbuhan Laba dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini seperti Debt to Assets Ratio.
Conflict of Government Policy in Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi Province
Authors: Pasinringi Andi , Darwis Darwis , Samad Muhammad Ahsan
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine how the policy conflict between the Regent and Deputy Regent of Tolitoli Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The basis of research is carried out with a qualitative approach, while the type of research is exploratory. This research was conducted in Tolitoli Regency with the basis of the problem being the conflict of Regent Moh. Saleh Bantilan with Deputy Regent ABD Rahman Hi. Buddin. In this study, it was found that the root causes of conflict were conflicts of political interest in policies and authority to organize the Bureaucratic Structure in the levels of the Tolitoli Regency Regional Government which occurred in the two periods 2010-2015 and 2015-2020. The data collection techniques used are; first, literature study, by searching literature and documents related to the scope of research. second, in-depth interviews with research informants who have been determined purposively. The results of the study revealed that there was a political policy conflict between the Regent, Moh. Saleh Bantilan with his representatives for two periods, in which Moh Saleh Bantilan monopolized the authority in carrying out his duties and functions as Regent whose authority is regulated in Regional Government Law Number 23 of 2014. And this Law does not explicitly and clearly regulate the powers and the obligations of regional heads and deputy regional heads. Thus, the Political Policy conflict occurred, as a result of the transactional political construction agreed upon by both parties when they were candidates for regent and deputy regent, and after being elected as Regent / Deputy Regent, there was a split between the Regent and his deputy. Regional Government bureaucracy does not work professionally.