bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Temporal-Concept Drift Model for Sequential Recommendation
Authors: Thaipisutikul Tipajin
Published: June 2022

Recently, owing to the great advances in Web 2.0 and mobile devices, various online commercial services have emerged. Recommendation systems play an important role in dealing with abundant product information from massive numbers of online e-commerce transactions. Providing an accurate recommendation at the correct time to customers can contribute to a surge in business success. In this paper, an adaptive temporal-concept drift learning-based recommendation system, ATCRec, is developed for precisely tackling the sequential recommendation problem. We embed sequences of items into the latent spaces and learn both general preferences and sequential patterns concurrently via a recurrent neural network. Specifically, ATCRec captures dynamic changes in the temporal and concept drift contexts by modifying the gate units in a traditional recurrent neural network. The proposed model provides a unified and flexible network structure to learn and reveal the opaque variation of user preferences over time. We evaluate the robustness and performance of ATCRec on two real-world datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate that ATCRec consistently outperforms existing sequential recommendation approaches on various metrics. This indicates that integrating users' temporal information and concept drift variation through time are indispensable in improving the performance of recommendation systems.
Capturing Spatial Relationship Mapping Patterns between GPS Coordinates and Road Network Using Machine Learning and Partitioning Techniques
Authors: Boonchoo Thapana
Published: June 2022

Map matching is a technique used to identify which path a vehicle is travelling on in a road map. Since it is a crucial fundamental step for a wide range of transportation applications, many map-matching algorithms have been devised ranging from simple geometric calculation methods to more sophisticated methods. However, the study of spatial relationship patterns between GPS coordinates and road segments mapped with map-matching has not received enough attention from researchers. This paper presents a framework, called Proxy Map Matching (PMM), to learn such patterns using machine learning techniques. However, we find that solely employing machine learning techniques on such data is not sufficient to capture the patterns. Solving this problem that way results in an inaccurate proxy model. In PMM, we construct several proxy map matchers and assign them to each group of data based on their spatial proximity, thereby achieving accuracy improvement. An experiment on real-world data shows that the framework achieves above 85% accuracy with integration of machine learning techniques, and outperforms the methods which solely employ machine learning techniques significantly. Moreover, the proposed proxy model can perform very fast matching. For 14,177 GPS coordinate pairs per second, we achieve 88.4% accuracy.
Sensitivity Analysis of Switched Reluctance Motor for Potential Application in Electric Vehicles Considering Weight Factor
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Karunakaran , Srinivas Kandadai Nagaratnam
Published: June 2022

The switched reluctance motor (SRM), an environmentally friendly machine, is suitable for application in electric vehicles (EV) in recent days. This paper presents an SRM sensitivity analysis focussing on weight of the materials used for stator and rotor for use in electric vehicle application. Two SRM structures are considered, namely normal stator tooth and tapered stator tooth. Thirteen materials widely used in the SRM are considered for these two structures to perform the proposed sensitivity analysis. The major outputs of torque, speed, power, iron loss, efficiency, copper loss, and power factor are gathered through finite element analysis (FEA) simulation. Each of the 13 materials are examined for normal tooth and tapered tooth geometrical structures. The results are discussed, focusing on the fitness of the considered SRM structures for EV application. As weight-sensitive vehicles, the materials used in EVs are compared against the respective motor weights obtained through analysis to recommend the lightest motor for production.
An Advanced Neuro-Fuzzy Tuned PID Controller for Pitch Control of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Goyal Sachin , Deolia Vinay Kumar , Agrawal Sanjay
Published: June 2022

Modern power systems comprise a variety of generating systems, including conventional thermal power stations and advanced renewable generating sources, one contender being a wind energy conversion system (WECS). Blade pitch control is an important part of the highly non-linear WECS. Many control strategies have been proposed by researchers around the globe. Current research work focuses on developing a control structure for a non-linear pitch control system using an advanced neuro-fuzzy tuned PID (NF-PID) controller. This approach utilizes the simplicity of a PID controller and the power of a soft computing technique like neuro-fuzzy to handle non-linearity. The model in this study is developed on the MATLAB Simulink platform and the obtained simulation results satisfy the requirements of constant output power even if the wind speed input changes abruptly.
Challenges of Architectural Education Post Covid-19 Pandemic: Analytical Study of the Potentials and Problems Associated with Distant
Authors: El-husseiny Mennat-Allah
Published: June 2022

Architectural education is considered the cornerstone in the establishment of cities, through the contributions of today's architecture students who would be future architects providing built additions in cities. Accordingly, it is of extreme importance to regard how architecture students are founded from an ideological and practical point of view, which has been widely studied in regard to pedagogy realms. Thus, this paper aims to analyse the consequences of the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic on distant learning strategies applied to architectural programs. The paper aims to find answers to whether distant learning policies have affected the capabilities of graduates, and can e-learning provide solutions for future architectural education. The methodology adopted is a qualitative, analytical method, discussing the pros and cons of distant learning experiences during the past two years, on stakeholders of the educational process at Cairo University, Architecture Program. The research concludes with the potentials for future enhancement of e-learning experiences.
Discourse on Lost Pages of History: Architectural Works of Vasudev Kanitkar in Western India
Authors: Lavand Vaidehi , Khebudkar Onkar
Published: June 2022

Ample western historiographical resources are available to understand Colonial Architecture in India. Architectural language evolved during Colonial period in India was a collaborative effort of British Royal and Local engineers from several parts. The eclectic architectural language of British India is a product of the amalgamation of western models and eastern knowledge simultaneously. They worked in collaboration with Indian philanthropists, engineers, contractors and artisans. Much is available to read about royal engineers as pride for the British sovereign but contributions of local engineers who equally built colonial India are lost in the pages of history. This Paper tried to document and discuss works of local contractor Vasudev Kanitkar born in Baroda and worked at several places in Western India. With the help of archival resources and primary secondary surveys conducted this research paper compiles architectural contributions of Vasudev Kanitkar less known for his many landmark edifices he designed and built in western India.
Gender Quota and Women’s Needs in Urban Planning Practices by Local Councils: The Case of Ramallah Governorate in Palestine
Authors: Al-Bishawi Manal , Timraz Faten
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between gender quota and women’s needs in urban planning practices by local councils in Palestine which is considered to be a developed country, with a particular attention to Ramallah governorate. Most of the existing studies concerning this topic focus on the importance of gender quota in providing access for women to decision making process without considering well enough the role of gender quota in women’s effective participation in fulfillment of their needs and how this influences sustainability of the urban environment. Observations and interviews are used as two main methods. The result of this study showed that although gender quota supports women's access to decision-making process, it is not enough to guarantee the fulfillment of their needs, which restricted their use of the urban environment. Women’s awareness of their needs in addition to other obstacles, should be considered for the effectiveness of gender quota.
Adaptive Reuse as a Tool for Sustainability: Tate Modern and Bilgi University Cases
Authors: Tabak Pınar , Sirel Ayşe
Published: June 2022

Examples of “adaptive reuse” have started to be applied for giving new functions to the structures in the historical environment are commonly used in the world and in Turkey. According to the current planning practice, future applications should be done with consideration of different dimensions of sustainability. The aim of this study is to examine Tate Modern and Bilgi University Campus that used to have similar functions and were inhabited before restoration interventions in the sustainability framework. Both cases were refunctioned with adaptive reuse concept. The structures transformed from energy buildings to serve as art museum and educational/cultural functions. Cases were compared in terms of sustainability principles. Social, economic and ecologic benefits of physical interventions were asked on structures which couldn’t continue their original functions and functioned by adaptive reuse. Results support the positive impacts of adaptive reuse not only for the structures themselves but also for the environments they were located.
Cultural Entanglements in the Urban Fabric: A case of festivals in Old Dhaka and its impacts
Authors: Upama Kabir Khandoker , Anwar Sinha Mohammad Fuhad
Published: June 2022

The historic city center of Dhaka, Bangladesh also known as ‘Puran Dhaka’, holds a lot of history and heritage of the region. This historic site has constantly been neglected and urban development has been done without integrating this part of the city into the plans. As a result, the traditional festivals that take place here annually create a greater impact on the urban fabric of the whole city. This paper will attempt to look at the importance of these traditions, how these festivals influence the urban life of the community and identity, and whether or not it has any significant effect on the economy. Through the use of both primary (interviews with the residents) and secondary sources and SWOT analysis, this paper will attempt to identify the issues faced during these festivals. This paper will also try to suggest some basic remedies based on general comparisons between case studies of similar festivals celebrated globally.
The Effects of Developing Information Technologies on 21st Century Library Architecture
Authors: Nur Şanlı Seda , Sirel Ayşe
Published: June 2022

Changes began taking place in information storage, transmission and production as Information and Communications Technology started to develop from the mid-20th century onwards. changes in the field of information have affected the sources of information, and they have presented a new vision with new roles for libraries. This situation required libraries to be reinterpreted with design criteria that affect the function and architectural formation in order to adapt to the new roles. This study aimed to examine the new design criteria on how developments in Information and Communication Technologies affect the function and architectural formation of 21st century libraries and how they differentiate them from traditional libraries. Within the scope of the study, the functional and architectural design features of three next-generation library buildings selected from different countries were analysed within the scope of a set of new design criteria. As a result, it has been seen that the 21st century libraries present a new vision with integrated information technologies and architectures as per new design criteria. It has been determined this vision reflects a user-oriented design product that supports social, educational learning and teaching models and makes positive contributions to urban life with its new iconic architectures.
Architecture as a tool of financial power
Authors: Bortolotti Alberto
Published: June 2022

This essay aims to define the role of architecture as a bridge between spatialization and financialization processes which had characterized the neoliberal expansion of the economy during the last decades. According to the significant impact financialization had since the 1980s, architectural forms and spaces of financial power became a tool for celebrating a new social paradigm, so which are the main elements characterizing the use of these instruments? The research method of this essay discusses, on one hand, the role of international economic and political actors and, on the other hand, the function of architecture typologies, collective imaginaries and media spectacularization in design-making. Finally, through the analysis of the connections among architectural, urban and social aspects, the author argues that contemporary architecture has begun a tool for supporting and giving consensus to financial investments into the real estate market worldwide in order to realize great urban transformations.
Territorial Planning Between Governance and Local Development for a Better Quality of Life
Authors: Kamal Youcef , Rami Qaoud
Published: June 2022

Public action in terms of urban planning and development. Striving to geographically distribute the population and economic activities, to homogenize the territory, fragile and coveted which is experiencing significant changes, particularly in one of the Algerian cities Biskra as a case study. Evoking qualitative questions in relation to urban forms and developments requires setting frameworks for reflection, in particular in relation to the vocations to be given for future developments. This is how it goes without saying to promote touristic, agricultural agro-tourism vocations and, on the other hand, to propose urban and rural developments. It is also a question of fixing the methods of intervention on the urban space to achieve the beginnings of a quality of living environment. By using the method of analysis (historic-geographical) two levels of intervention are approached at the global level of the territory of the city and at the local level of the developments. The objectives to be achieved are: To highlight the means of local development, whether human or material, to have a better quality of life inside cities. Clarify the impact of developments on the morphology of the urban space for possible use in urban planning operations.
Effect of Indoor Operational Environment on Workers’ Well-Being in Industrial Buildings: The Case for Pharmaceutical Factory in Nigeria
Authors: Bawa John Agmada , Akande Oluwafemi Kehinde , Ayuba Philip
Published: June 2022

In 2021, the worth of the pharmaceuticals market across the globe was estimated and projected to $1.17 trillion resulting in increasing pharmaceutical factories. Yet, less attention is given to the indoor operational environment of these buildings and the impact on the workers’ well-being. To address these emerging concerns, this study investigated the indoor operational environment of pharmaceutical buildings. A field survey was conducted on purposively selected 14 pharmaceutical factory buildings in Southwestern Nigeria. Measurements of indoor environmental parameters were taken from the buildings with the aid of multifunctional air quality, and other handheld instruments. Findings show the presence of gaseous substances in the air within the production area and inadequate ventilation to dissolve and evacuate the gases which could negatively impact workers’ well-being. The study concludes that a multidisciplinary approach encompassing the stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry is critical to developing optimal design solutions for a well-designed pharmaceutical factory in Nigeria.
Nanotechnologies Brooding Smart and Economic Green Architecture
Authors: Al-Sharkawy Abd Al-Aziz S.
Published: June 2022

More than six decades ago, surprising nanotechnologies with its so effective dynamic research became the passage for approaching a dream of existing smart and economic tools with its accuracy of synergy. Nanotechnologies, currently, cover a multinomial discipline including construction industry. However, an economic assessment , proved that nanotechnology has a significant impact for resulting smart and economic construction. However, architecture as a core field in construction industry became more sustainable with nanotechnologies and their applications through the use of nanomaterial brooding smart and economic buildings that are so friendly with the hoped healthy environment. This results in green architecture with high durability, performance, energy efficiency, and safety. That green architecture having smart components with their self-senses, self-repairing and self-cleaning results in friendly usage and optimum sustainability. This paper highlights on the surprising effectiveness of nanotechnologies as a brooding facility for smart and economic green architecture
Investigating the Role of Vernacular Architecture as a Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Architecture in City Branding
Authors: Elahi Sarvin
Published: June 2022

Regarding the tough competition among cities to strengthen tourism industry, building specific identity with distinguishing features of the city has been further emphasized. Vernacular architecture as an eco-friendly architecture with minor impacts on the natural areas, through reflecting the community culture and characteristics of the environment, has the potential to promote the citys’ brand. In this research, the role of vernacular architecture in making city image has been investigated to provide in-depth knowledge in boosting city image, and the city of Masouleh in Iran has been considered as the case study. Regarding the qualitative nature of this project, in-person interview with main types of users (residents, Iranian tourists, and foreign tourists) has been used. Analyzing the results showed that key factors of vernacular architecture including natural landscape, sustainable design, unique local design, and cultural values have significant effects on city branding.
Form and Function in The Pearl-Qatar Artificial Island Development
Authors: Al-Amadi Dana , Major Mark David , Atour Raya M. , Al-Ansari Dalal Y. , Al-Maiki Nouf , A.A. Amleh Rozan , Mareeva Victoria , Mohammedsheriff Hamdi
Published: June 2022

ThePearl is an artificial island development in Doha, Qatar. Artificial island means land reclamation or landfill, creatingnew land from lakebeds, riverbeds, oceans, and seas. Doha grew rapidly over the last half century due to urbanizationand globalization. Most research focuses on (su b)urban expansion to the north, west, and south from its coastal originson Doha Bay. However, urban growth also occurred eastward through land reclamation projects from the Arabian Gulffor Al Corniche, the West Bay business district, Hamad International Airport, large parts of Lusail City, and The PearlQatar. We present a morphological study of urban form and function in The Pearl Qatar. It includes well establishedrepresentations such as figure-ground analysis, pedestrian sheds, ground level land uses, and active/inactive frontagesmapping. We argue there is a clear formal and spatial logic in the planning, intimately tied to The Pearl Qatar's socio-economic status as an exclusive residential area of Doha.
Promoting Sport Practice in Urban Public Space
Authors: Al-Taesh Najmaldin , Ujma-Waowicz Katarzyna
Published: June 2022

Participating in physical activities and sports in contemporary urban public spaces has increased and proven benefits for health and social well-being. The aim of this study was to overview and identify those aspects to promote sports practice in public spaces for everyone. This study finds that those aspects play an important role in increasing participation in sport for all in public spaces including integration of spatial sports facilities, organization, adaptation, and attractiveness. This study concludes by identifying existing evidence to increase participation in sport and practice and future policy that can help to ensure that demand for all sporting facilities in urban environments and redesign urban public spaces through inclusive design be able to adapt and organize different types of sports for all.
The typo-morphological facade of the catholic churches of S. Miguel, Azores
Authors: Antónia Vieira Maria , Sampayo Mafalda , Alves da Cunha João
Published: June 2022

This paper intends to present the research results that comprised a comparative facade analysis of 41 parish and non-parish Catholic churches on the island of S. Miguel, Azores, built during the 18th and 19th centuries. The research highlights the existence of a facade typology expressed in the formal similarities between them. The matrix composition and the ornamental elements present on the 63 churches' facades were analysed and studied in detail in 41 churches, mapped and characterised by the elements that compose them. These are grouped into categories, allowing to establish and synthesise a typology, called the micaelense model facade, according to the composition principles present in the facades. The analysis method, the reading of the forms of the churches' facades, and the metric survey of these were based on old and current photographic records, supported by a comparative analysis elaborated and organised from tables and synthetic schemes systematised in vector drawings (graphic representations made in CAD).
New Normal Third Places After COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Uthpala Hasini , Meetiyagoda Lakshika
Published: June 2022

This study examines the changes of third-place usage in the new normal era –immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic and explains the adaptation strategies of users in using the third places. This is qualitative research in which social media data is used to examine the change in third-place usage before the COVID-19 phase (normal era) and two phases during the new normal era. Mount Lavinia in Sri Lanka is considered for the empirical study. The results of the research found third-place usage in the first phase of the new normal era is lower, compared to the normal era and higher in the second-phase of the new normal era. This implies users adapting to the situation gradually, therefore, there is minimal impact to the new normal third-places. This research suggests planning attempts are necessary to enhance the resilience of third-places to face this sort of pandemic situation.
Vegetation and Its Impact According to User’s Perception: Case of North Land Use Plan of Guelma City
Authors: Teqwa Bechaa , Krimo Dahmani , Djamel Alkama
Published: June 2022

The vegetation takes a primordial place in the reflection on our urbanity for the balance of the ecosystem. Guelma, attractive Mediterranean city, by the picturesque character of its site, incites to discover it from the inside to better understand its urban landscape. In this same regard our study focuses on the north land use plan of the city. Today, the city is characterized by accelerated urbanization, which leads to the consumption of natural resources. One of the consequences of these phenomena is the deterioration of green substrates, by fragmentation of natural environments and agricultural areas. The objective is to show the role of vegetation in the satisfaction of the users of north land use plan of Guelma city, this can only be done through a survey of the various users of this city. Finally, recommendations dedicated to the proposal of the implementation of ecological planning to the management.
Application Of Genetic Algorithm Classification Approach to Study Urban Streets Morphology at Neighborhood Scale
Authors: Chahbi Mariame
Published: June 2022

Today’s cities worldwide are facing several new challenges with the spread of advanced digitalization and information technologies. As science and innovation are going digital, urban planning is highly concerned and should follow up with this global numerical transition. Urban planners should make use of the potential of new technologies to develop better and smarter urban forms responding to the new challenges and issues. The study uses artificial intelligence techniques based on genetic algorithms and supported by statistical data upon 20 indicators applied on 450 street segments in different urban fabrics in Fez city aiming to classify and simulate urban street morphology. Machine learning can have the power of solving complex issues that humans alone cannot. The results using the potential of Machine Learning techniques can be a framework for decision-makers to help them thinking about an intelligent planning process matching today challenges while taking advantages of new technologies.
Energy Self Sufficiency of a Tall Building with BIPV
Authors: Kim Jong Jin
Published: June 2022

This study is to test the reality of the big dream of zero-energy skyscrapers. The current state of energy demands of high-rise buildings was investigated. The amount of solar energy that can be harnessed from PV panels installed on the roofand the south façade of a Seagram size test bed building in New York was estimated. Comparing the quantities of solarenergy produced and the energy demand of the test bed building, the energy self-sufficiency of the building wasanalyzed. It was found that, with the current solar PV technology, building integrated PV systems can meet about 4.2%of the building's energy demand and 7.7% of its electricity demand. From this study, it was concluded that significantreduction in energy demand is a prerequisite for attaining zero energy large scale buildings.
Theories of Conservation and Scientific Restoration from Gustavo Giovannoni’s Point of View
Authors: Babazadeh Asbagh Narmin
Published: June 2022

“Gustavo Giovannoni” (1873–1947), the Italian architect, urban designer, and restorer who was born in Rome and studied Civil Engineering at the University of Rome, became the Professor of Architecture Department in 1905 and latterly the dean of the same university (1913–1935). He edited a set of regulations that were adopted in the “Athens Charter” later in 1913. His four main principles are restoration by consolidation, installation, liberation, completion, or renovation. Although he established a scientific centre for studying history of architecture and published several articles in various architectural journals, there is little literature about his biography and theories of conservation and scientific restoration. This article tries to enlighten how his theories affected the history of conservation. For this aim, his biography and theories are mentioned in detail. The methodology of this article is a qualitative survey using the reliable books of libraries and first-hand resources and references.
The Evaluation of The Identity Features / Characteristics at Urban Waterfront Zones; The Case of Terme
Authors: Çelik Nalbant Nur , Yerliyurt Bora
Published: June 2022

Coastal settlements generally have various geographical features compared to other settlements. The social and spatial change of the coast in such settlements is related to the "land use strategy" of this environment. These changes guide the settlements and bring them to be dynamic in the architecture and urban space during the historical process. This study is " obtained from the thesis named The Evaluation of The Identity Features /Characteristics at Urban Waterfront zones; The Case of Terme”. In this study, the role of the coastal zone, which acts as a border and threshold in the formation of urban identity, is discussed through the town of Terme, which has a stream running through it and has a coastline also. The survey study conducted in the area is analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis test. Along with these analyze, the effect of the coast on the urban identity was emphasized.
Towards Bikeability through Place Attachment Approach in Yogyakarta
Authors: Cahyanti Pita Asih Bekti , Fuad Achmad Hery , Ellisa Evawani
Published: June 2022

Cycling is energy-efficient transportation, free of carbon emissions, and is an active transportation embodiment of a healthy lifestyle. This study aims to understand the process of place attachment in cycling spaces. The objective of this research is to guide the design of attractive new bicycle point destinations and paths, increase the interest in cycling among city residents, and contribute to reducing carbon emissions in urban spaces. The research was conducted using a qualitative method with a place attachment theory approach and descriptive narrative analysis. Primary data collection was carried out by observing cyclists, cyclists' destinations, and interviews with cyclists & other actors. In addition, we do active participation as cyclists to get hands-on experience. This study reveals aspects of interaction, activity, memory, and experience as elements that play a role in place attachment at destination points and cycling routes in Yogyakarta.
Identifying Urban Public Spaces Through Substance and Surface Approaches
Authors: Rizqullah Afif Farhan , Fuad Achmad Hery
Published: June 2022

The provision of well-designed sidewalks in urban environments with mixed-use functions can increase pedestrian activity. This research aims to examine the role of substances and surfaces in the city's public space. The objective of this research is to create a city design guide for livable and interactive urban public spaces. The research was conducted using qualitative methods, the approach of Gibson (1979) about substance and surface, and the walking experience from Rapoport (1977); Jacobs (1993) was used in this study. Data collection was done by walking, direct observation, interviews, and visual documentation with photos, videos, and sketches. Analysis using descriptive narrative. This study reveals aspects of interaction, behavior, connection, and space use patterns in the city's public spaces as aspects that play a role in substance and surface. The presence of a substance on the vertical surface (facade) and horizontal surface (pedestrian way) can intervention with visitors to the store and make the pedestrian way function as a workspace. However, substances can also be a distraction in the human circulation space.
Marine Conservation and Promotion of Tourism: An Approach on Marine and Coastal Planning at Cat Island, Muscat, Oman
Authors: V. Evangelista Maria Lourdes , G. Florendo Irene , V. Romero Robert
Published: June 2022

Oman is a popular destination for tourists due to the leading fishing industry, which serves as a point of export to nearby countries. Additionally, the capital Muscat is one of the top tourist spots due to its increasing water activities. However, in the past decade, the unforgettable cyclone Gonu destroyed the beautiful sea habitat, one of the environmental stressors for the marine ecosystem. Furthermore, the anthropogenic stressors, such as berthing, scuba diving, and overfishing, yield a decrease in natural coral reefs. Cat Island, known to be one of the diving spots in Muscat, is vulnerable to coral reef declination. This research focused on analyzing the present condition of coral reefs at Cat Island in relation to environmental and human activities. Moreover, there were studies conducted regarding the physical status of the coral reefs identifying the stressor of coral reef degradation. As an outcome, it presented an imperative position towards marine and coastal planning by recommending policy enhancement and marine functional zoning in Cat Island. With this approach, these concepts can be used as a baseline in conducting research on another marine habitat in Muscat, Oman, which requires thorough study and future improvement.
From Picturesque Landscapes to Brand-new Cities: A Survey for Understanding the Effects of Protective Structures on Visitor Impression
Authors: Ceylan Büşra , Kocaman Pavlovic Nihan
Published: June 2022

In order to prevent the deterioration of immovable architectural artefacts unearthed in archaeological sites, it is observed that protective structures are applied. A considerable number of applications for both temporary and permanent protective structures have significant differences in terms of design, scale and material whereas the visitor impression is not particularly taken into account. In this study protective structures are classified according to their practice in the archaeological sites and a survey-based evaluation is revealed in which visitors indicate responses for their impressions. Furthermore, it has been stated that even though there are principles for new structures provisioned by international charters and regulations, there are not only professional approaches but also visitor impressions and experiences that should be considered as design criteria. In conclusion, the research points out the importance of engagement of visitors in the design process regarding the site effect of the protective structures.
Energy Efficiency Benchmarking: Review of Key Policies, Agencies, Program Developments in North Africa, Case of Algeria
Authors: Rahmani Soumia , Kaoula Dalel , Hamdy Mohamed
Published: June 2022

The energy efficiency benchmarking is an approved solution to achieve sustainability. Although the universal common challenges, North African countries still generate policies and frameworks governing energy efficiency in the building sector. This paper examines the key players in the energy efficiency benchmarking by diagnosing the existing energy agencies and institutions which contribute to that. The samples are from Algeria. The key programs in energy development are discussed with gaps in the timeline of the programs compared to the Malaysian key players in energy development. This work indicates the lack of continuity in such fields in R&D agencies, explains the gap in the regularities and the existence of protocols, and the absence of testing authorities for evaluation tasks, which guarantees compliance. This type of research will unveil another portal in building’s energy efficiency benchmarking field in Algeria and transpose it to all North African countries.
Watershed Segmentation Region-Based Criteria Applied to Thermographic Imagery Within the Water-Space
Authors: Coppola Antonio , Polverino Salvatore
Published: June 2022

The study is focused on the spectral emissivity of non-contact, active, and Non-Destructive Techniques (NDT), ground and aerial, to be implemented in conjunction with histogram equalizations, transform waveforms, and segmentation image analysis following object detection by template matching. Due to Electronic Data interchange (EDi), which mostly consists of volatile and unidentifiable stress agents in the digital environment, the malicious drivers are often under-recognized, i.e. non-IP based networking, that requires an urgent response in order to prevent alteration of the Internet of Things (IoT) supply-chain devices, by downgrading their performances or taking possession of their maneuverability. The research proposes: (1) a set of multi-scalar parametric evaluations, (2) an in-depth theory dissertation, (3) a versatile open-source strategy, and (4) a risk-management implementation concerning maritime cyber security. Due to the limits of research, the author has included a list of references that are susceptible to adaptation to the engaged novel open-source solutions, within the cited optimizations for the Green Build System of the Build Information Model (BIM) techniques. Moreover, because of Unmanned and Infrared systems cost, the work-study implements a licensed aerial dataset for research and a thermal ground camera possessed by the author.
Investigation of Urban Flood Management Principles within the Scope of Buffalo Bayou Watershed Rehabilitation Project
Authors: Dizdaroğlu Didem
Published: June 2022

In this study, the 20-year watershed rehabilitation master plan, which was prepared after the severe Allison storm in 2001 in the Buffalo Bayou watershed in the city of Houston, is examined in detail. For this purpose, a literature review is conducted on the concepts of watershed and watershed management. Then, the existing situation of the study area is presented, and the flood control strategies and rehabilitation practices proposed within the scope of the master plan are investigated. The environmental and social outcomes of the rehabilitation project are evaluated in the conclusion. In Turkey, floods and overflows are one of the most important disasters that cause material and moral damages. Central and local governments need to develop sustainable approaches for the protection of watersheds and the preparation of management plans. In this context, the Buffalo Bayou watershed rehabilitation project can be considered as a resource in taking supportive steps for sustainable watershed management in Turkey. This project and similar good practices will contribute to solve the social, economic and environmental problems in watersheds of Turkey.
Analysis of Cost and Benefit of Leakage Management in Isolated Metering Areas: Field Practices for Pilot Areas
Authors: YILMAZ Salih , FIRAT Mahmut
Published: June 2022

Operating cost in urban water management is the most important component that should be reduced for administrations. This study, it is aimed to analyze the cost of the methods applied in the management of non-surface leaks in distribution systems according to field data and to calculate the benefit resulting from the application of these methods. For this purpose, the Malatya water distribution system was chosen as the application area. In the application area, the costs of the inspections (crew, working hours and equipment) made by acoustic methods in the pilot isolated areas and the benefits of the detected leaks were analyzed in detail. Thus, the economic efficiency of the applied method and process is determined and monitored. It is understood that the studies will be inefficient if the costs of detecting faults that do not come to the surface are higher than the benefits to be obtained, especially in regions where the loss rate is low. In such areas, it is necessary to monitor flow and pressure changes, maintain the current situation and implement site inspections depending on the increase in leakage rate. It is thought that the outputs obtained from this study will contribute to technical personnel and decision-makers.
Karmaşık Uyumlanabilir Kentsel Sistemlere Doğru: Bir Literatür Analizi
Authors: Hayrullahoğlu Gizem , Varol Çiğdem
Published: June 2022

Son 30 yılda kentsel sistemler toplumların beklenti ve değişimlere ayak uydurabilmek için popüler bilimsel yaklaşımlarla yeniden ele alınmaktadır. Doğal ve sosyal sistemlerin kendini örgütleyen dinamiklerini anlayabilmek için kullanılan karmaşık uyumlanabilir sistem kuramı da bu araçlardan biridir. Bu çalışmada, kent planlama alanındaki bilimsel literatür, karmaşık uyumlanabilir kentsel sistem yaklaşımı bağlamında incelenmiştir. Web of Science ve SCOPUS’ta yapılan gelişmiş arama, eleme ve seçim sonucuna göre bulunan 49 bilimsel çalışmanın içeriği gözden geçirilmiştir. Sık tekrarlanan kelime analizi; iklim, su kaynakları ve kıyı alanları temalı çalışmaların uyumlanabilir sistem yaklaşımını gündemine aldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Öncü çalışmalar, uyumlanabilir sistem yaklaşımını çevresel ve ekolojik kentsel sorunların çözümüne katkıda bulunan bir araç olarak gördüğünden, yaklaşımın bu bağlamlarla ilişkilendirildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Mekânsal gelişim, turizm ve altyapı gibi araştırma alanları ise halen gelişim göstermektedir. Bilimsel çalışmalar, yaklaşımın kentsel sorunların karmaşıklığını anlayarak mekânsal planlara etki etme potansiyeli taşıyan, esnek bir araç olabileceğini ve farklı ölçek ve bağlamlar için kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.
Examination of the Urban Evolution Process of Dorylaion and Sultan Öyüğü (Sultanönü) Settlements in Eskişe
Authors: Yücel Ş. Baran , Türkan Kejanlı D. , Demet Aykal F.
Published: June 2022

Eskişehir is one of the important cities of Anatolia. Started from the early bronze age, the development evolution of the ancient Dorylaion settlement, which is the predecessor of the Eskişehir, has many breaking points in the historical process. The city, which was founded as Sultan Öyüğü (Sultan’s Hill), has entered a new development process since the 12th century and the present city of Eskişehir has developed around this settlement. In this study, it has been tried to reveal what kind of urban development process the city of Eskişehir has experienced since the oldest known settlement area. In this process, the effects of the ruling states on the development of the settlement were examined in a chronological process and the reasons for the preference of the first settlements of the cities, the states and their policies affecting the development of the cities, geographical guides, economic factors and the elements that reveal the urban development were evaluated comparatively. The aim of this study is to examine the development of the city of Eskişehir through two different settlements and to examine the evolution of the city with a comparative method.
Comparative Analysis of Housing Production Processes in the Context of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) in Urban Renewal Areas
Authors: Baghal Ayşegül , Çınar Çıtak Candan
Published: June 2022

Policies and strategies devoid of participatory planning principles applied in the urban transformation process; accelerated the formation of unplanned, unhealthy, and identity-less urban environments; It has caused the physical, socio-cultural, and psychological needs of people not to be adequately met. The main purpose of the study is to create a strategic framework by taking the housing production systems developed on a local and global scale, including all the actors that should be in the urban transformation areas, with the perspective of the Actor-Network Theory, by making comparative analyzes of the case studies in which the causal relationships are analyzed. ANT, which is one of the approaches to solving the social relations system, has been evaluated as a research methodology that can reveal the whole network of relations between the actors, objects, and things involved in the housing production process, and the examination of ANT-based housing production models is planned within the scope of the study. It is aimed to question the applicability in our country by researching housing production models in urban transformation areas and raising them to the global level based on the theoretical framework.
Mining for Strong Gravitational Lenses with Self-supervised Learning
Authors: Stein George , Blaum Jacqueline , Harrington Peter , Medan Tomislav , Lukić Zarija
Published: June 2022

We employ self-supervised representation learning to distill information from 76 million galaxy images from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Surveys’ Data Release 9. Targeting the identification of new strong gravitational lens candidates, we first create a rapid similarity search tool to discover new strong lenses given only a single labeled example. We then show how training a simple linear classifier on the self-supervised representations, requiring only a few minutes on a CPU, can automatically classify strong lenses with great efficiency. We present 1192 new strong lens candidates that we identified through a brief visual identification campaign and release an interactive web-based similarity search tool and the top network predictions to facilitate crowd-sourcing rapid discovery of additional strong gravitational lenses and other rare objects: github.com/georgestein/ssl-legacysurvey.
Phase-dependent Evolution within the Large Luminosity Range of 1A 0535+262 Observed by Insight-HXMT during 2020 Giant Outburst
Authors: Kong Ling-Da , Zhang Shu , Ji Long , Doroshenko Victor , Santangelo Andrea , Orlandini Mauro , Frontera Filippo , Li Jian , Chen Yu-Peng , Wang Peng-Ju , Chang Zhi , Qu Jin-Lu , Zhang Shuang-Nan
Published: June 2022

We have performed phase-resolved spectral analysis of the accreting pulsar 1A 0535+262 based on observations of Insight-HXMT during the 2020 type II outburst of the source. We focus on the two-dimensional dependence of the cyclotron resonance scattering features (CRSFs) along the outburst time and at different phases. The fundamental CRSF line (f-CRSF) shows different time- and phase-dependent behaviors. At higher luminosity, the phase profile of the f-CRSF energy changes from a single peak to double peaks, with the transition occurring at MJD 59185. On the contrary, the first harmonic CRSF (first CRSF) at ∼100 keV is only detected within a narrow phase range (0.8−1.0) accompanied by a shallow f-CRSF line. Based on these results, we speculate that when the source enters the supercritical regime, the higher accretion column height can significantly enhance the harmonic line at a narrow phase through an “anti-pencil” beam at a higher energy band. At the same time, it will also affect the behavior of the fundamental line.
Moringa oleifera Prevents In vivo Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis through Targeting Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Supriono Supriono , Kalim Handono , Permatasari Nur , Susianti Hani
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Moringa oleifera (MO) exhibits hepatoprotective properties and provides an anti-liver fibrosis effect. However, its mechanism related to the anti-liver fibrosis effect was still unclear.

AIM: The objective of this study was to explain the mechanism of liver fibrosis prevention by MO through hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The liver fibrosis model was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of 10% CCl4 twice a week at a one cc/kg BW dose for 12 weeks and followed by a quantity of 2 cc/kg BW for the past 2 weeks. Ethanol extract of MO leaves (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) was orally administered daily. Double immunofluorescence staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling analysis were applied to analyze the markers involved in HSCs activation and a-HSC apoptosis.

RESULTS: The results showed that the administration of MO could reduce transforming growth factor-β and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), increase the expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-receptor 2 and caspase-3, and increase the number of apoptosis a-HSCs.

CONCLUSION: This study showed that the ethanol extract of MO leaves could inhibit liver fibrosis by inhibiting HSCs activation and inducing of a-HSCs apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway.