bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Federal Regulatory Burdens in the Beer Value Chain
Authors: Malone Trey , Chambers Dustin
Published: March 2017

While the literature has discussed the impacts of specific regulations in the broader marketplace, nothing has been published that identifies the total number of federal regulatory restrictions imposed upon an entire agribusiness value chain. This letter uses a dataset generated via machine learning methods to count the total number of federal regulations imposed on the beer value chain. We show that 94,212 federal regulatory constraints influenced the beer value chained in 2012, with the majority of constraints being imposed at the brewery level. [EconLit citations: D04, I18, O12]
Copy number variation in 19 Italian multiplex families with autism spectrum disorder: Importance of synaptic and neurite elongation genes
Authors: Lintas Carla , Picinelli Chiara , Piras Ignazio Stefano , Sacco Roberto , Brogna Claudia , Persico Antonio M.
Published: March 2017

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is endowed with impressive heritability estimates and high recurrence rates. Its genetic underpinnings are nonetheless very heterogeneous, with common, and rare contributing variants located in hundreds of different loci, each characterized by variable levels of penetrance. Multiplex families from single ethnic groups represent a useful means to reduce heterogeneity and enhance genetic load. We screened 19 Italian ASD multiplex families (3 triplets and 16 duplets, total N = 41 ASD subjects), using array‐CGH (Agilent 180 K). Causal or ASD‐relevant CNVs were detected in 36.6% (15/41) of ASD probands, corresponding to 36.8% (7/19) multiplex families with at least one affected sibling genetically positive. However, only in less than half (3/7) of positive families, affected siblings share the same causal or ASD‐relevant CNV. Even in these three families, additional potentially relevant CNVs not shared by affected sib pairs were also detected. These results provide further evidence of genetic heterogeneity in ASD even within multiplex families belonging to a single ethnic group. Differences in CNV burden may likely contribute to the substantial clinical heterogeneity observed between affected siblings. In addition, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicates that most potentially causal or relevant ASD genes detected in our cohort belong to nervous system‐specific categories, especially involved in neurite elongation and synaptic structure/function. These findings point toward the existence of genomic instability in these families, whose underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms deserve further scrutiny.
The evidence‐based rationale for physical therapy treatment of children, adolescents, and adults diagnosed with joint hypermobility syndrome/hypermobile Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Authors: Engelbert Raoul H.H. , Juul‐Kristensen Birgit , Pacey Verity , de Wandele Inge , Smeenk Sandy , Woinarosky Nicoleta , Sabo Stephanie , Scheper Mark C. , Russek Leslie , Simmonds Jane V.
Published: March 2017

New insights into the phenotype of Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS) and Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome‐hypermobile type (hEDS) have raised many issues in relation to classification, diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. Within the multidisciplinary team, physical therapy plays a central role in management of individuals with hypermobility related disorders. However, many physical therapists are not familiar with the diagnostic criteria, prevalence, common clinical presentation, and management. This guideline aims to provide practitioners with the state of the art regarding the assessment and management of children, adolescents, and adults with JHS/hEDS. Due to the complexity of the symptoms in the profile of JHS/hEDS, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is adopted as a central framework whereby the umbrella term of disability is used to encompass functions, activities and participation, as well as environmental and personal factors. The current evidence‐based literature regarding the management of JHS/hEDS is limited in size and quality and there is insufficient research exploring the clinical outcomes of a number of interventions. Multicenter randomized controlled trials are warranted to assess the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of interventions for children and adults. Until further multicenter trials are conducted, clinical decision‐making should be based on theoretical and the current limited research evidence. For all individuals diagnosed with JHS/hEDS, international consensus and combined efforts to identify risk profiles would create a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms and the potential for optimizing health care for affected individuals. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The international consortium on the Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
Authors: Bloom Lara , Byers Peter , Francomano Clair , Tinkle Brad , Malfait Fransiska ,   on behalf of the Steering Committee of The International Consortium on the Ehlers‐Danlos Syndromes
Published: March 2017

Since 1998, two developments have led to concerns that the EDS nosology needs to be substantially revised. The first development was the clinical and molecular characterization of several new EDS variants, which substantially broadened the molecular basis underlying EDS. The second was the growing concern, in the absence of genetic diagnosis, that the hypermobile type of EDS had an expanded phenotype, may be genetically heterogeneous, and that the diagnostic criteria currently in use were inadequate. Furthermore, there is a dire need for the development of guidelines for management for each type of EDS to allow both the specialist and the generalist to care for affected individuals and their families. We have been meeting together as an international consortium over the past 2 years to establish these new criteria and management and care guidelines © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brazilin Inhibits Prostatic Acidic Phosphatase Fibrillogenesis and Decreases its Cytotoxicity
Authors: Li Ming , Dong Xiaoyan , Liu Yang , Sun Yan
Published: March 2017

A 39‐amino acid peptide fragment that is derived from prostatic acidic phosphatase (PAP), PAP248–286, is secreted in large amounts in human semen and forms amyloid fibrils. These fibrils can capture HIV virions and increase the attachment of virions to target cells; as such, they are called a “semen‐derived enhancer of virus infection” (SEVI). Therefore, the inhibition of the formation of PAP248–286 amyloid fibrils is of great significance. Herein, we demonstrate that brazilin effectively inhibits PAP248–286 aggregation. The inhibitory effect increases with increasing brazilin concentration. Thioflavin T fluorescence assays and TEM observations confirmed that a few fibrils formed when brazilin was present with PAP248–286 in an equimolar concentration. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that brazilin inhibited the secondary structural transitions from α‐helices and random coils into β‐sheets. Cytotoxicity assays showed that brazilin significantly decreased the cytotoxicity of the fibrils at 0.01 mmol L−1. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that hydrophobic interactions were the main driving force for the binding of brazilin to the PAP248–286 monomer (dissociation constant, 4.03 μmol L−1), and that the binding affinity of brazilin for the fibrils was at least three orders of magnitude lower than that for the monomer. These results indicate that brazilin holds great potential as a small‐molecule agent against SEVIs.
Studie zum aktuellen Nachhaltigkeitsverständnis von Facility‐Management‐Unternehmen
Authors: Čadež Ivan , Wapelhorst Vincent , Tiessen Annette
Published: March 2017

Nachhaltigkeit wird in der Bau‐ und Immobilienwirtschaft im Wesentlichen durch die Untersuchung der Nachhaltigkeit von Gebäuden bewertet. Für eine gesamtheitliche Nachhaltigkeitsbetrachtung sollte jedoch neben der Nachhaltigkeit des Gebäudes auch die Nachhaltigkeit der Prozesse und der damit verbundenen Beteiligten im Bau, bei der Planung und im Betrieb berücksichtigt werden [1–3].

Bisher hat Nachhaltigkeit bei Facility‐Management‐Unternehmen (FM‐Unternehmen) wenig Bedeutung, auch wenn bereits erste Nachhaltigkeitszertifizierungen durchgeführt wurden. In einer deutschlandweiten Studie wurde das aktuelle Nachhaltigkeitsverständnis von FM‐Unternehmen untersucht; dabei wurden insbesondere die wesentlichen Gründe und Hemmnisse für eine Nachhaltigkeitszertifizierung erfragt.

Die Ergebnisse der Studie belegen, dass Nachhaltigkeit für die FM‐Unternehmen von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist. Vor allem das Erkennen von Schwachstellen bei Prozessen und die Imageverbesserung der FM‐Unternehmen sind Gründe für eine Nachhaltigkeitszertifizierung. Dennoch führen die Unsicherheit über den Kosten‐ und Zeitaufwand sowie den wirtschaftlichen Nutzen dazu, dass sich FM‐Unternehmen aktuell noch nicht in großer Zahl zertifizieren lassen.

Handlungsbedarf besteht vor allem bei der Kommunikation des wirtschaftlichen Nutzens sowie des Kosten‐ und Zeitbedarfs, der mit der Nachhaltigkeitszertifizierung verbunden ist. Darüber hinaus sollten bereits durchgeführte Zertifizierungen veröffentlicht werden.
The Enhancing Effect of Overconfidence on Subsequent Learning Performance: Potential Mediation Effects of Dissatisfaction and Effort
Authors: Bi Yanling , Liu Pei , Li Shu , Zhang Baoshan
Published: March 2017

Three studies were conducted to investigate whether individuals whose performance on a learning task fell short of their previous overconfident self‐assessment would apply more effort on a subsequent task to resolve their dissatisfaction and thereby achieve better subsequent performance than individuals who made accurate or underconfident self‐assessments. Specifically, Study 1 and Study 2 used overestimation, and Study 3 used overplacement to predict subsequent performance by measuring students' self‐assessments before the first task, their level of dissatisfaction with their actual performance on that task, the effort they applied in learning, and their performance on the subsequent task. Furthermore, Study 3 divided the participants randomly into a false feedback group (the control group) and a real feedback group (the experimental group). The results showed that when controlling for prior performance, participants who were more overconfident tended to express greater dissatisfaction and increase more effort to achieve their desired outcomes when they perceived a gap between their desired performance and their actual performance. Notably, they achieved better subsequent performance, whereas those in the control group who were overconfident neither applied more effort in subsequent learning nor increased their subsequent performance when they received “unbiased feedback.” The implications of these findings for education are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI perfusion for differentiating between melanoma and lung cancer brain metastases
Authors: Hatzoglou Vaios , Tisnado Jamie , Mehta Alpesh , Peck Kyung K. , Daras Mariza , Omuro Antonio M. , Beal Kathryn , Holodny Andrei I.
Published: March 2017

Brain metastases originating from different primary sites overlap in appearance and are difficult to differentiate with conventional MRI. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI can assess tumor microvasculature and has demonstrated utility in characterizing primary brain tumors. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of plasma volume (Vp) and volume transfer coefficient (Ktrans) derived from DCE‐MRI in distinguishing between melanoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases. Forty‐seven NSCLC and 23 melanoma brain metastases were retrospectively assessed with DCE‐MRI. Regions of interest were manually drawn around the metastases to calculate Vpmean and . The Mann–Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) were performed to compare perfusion parameters between the two groups. The Vpmean of melanoma brain metastases (4.35, standard deviation [SD] = 1.31) was significantly higher (P = 0.03) than Vpmean of NSCLC brain metastases (2.27, SD = 0.96). The values were higher in melanoma brain metastases, but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P = 0.12). Based on ROC analysis, a cut‐off value of 3.02 for Vpmean (area under curve = 0.659 with SD = 0.074) distinguished between melanoma brain metastases and NSCLC brain metastases (P < 0.01) with 72% specificity. Our data show the DCE‐MRI parameter Vpmean can differentiate between melanoma and NSCLC brain metastases. The ability to noninvasively predict tumor histology of brain metastases in patients with multiple malignancies can have important clinical implications.
Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and recurrent tetany: Gitelman syndrome in a Chinese pedigree and literature review
Authors: Xia Ming‐Feng , Bian Hua , Liu Hong , Wu Hui‐Juan , Zhang Zhi‐Gang , Lu Zhi‐Qiang , Gao Xin
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical Message

Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease mostly associated with loss‐of‐function mutations of the SLC12A3 gene and featured by clinical hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and histologically hypertrophy of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. A novel homozygous mutation (p.Arg399Pro) at the extracellular domain of SLC12A3 was found and correlated with the severe clinical manifestations.
Persistent left superior vena cava in atrial septal defect sinus venosus type: diagnosis with saline contrast echocardiography—a case series
Authors: Rio Purwati Pole , Mumpuni Hasanah , Anggrahini Dyah Wulan , Dinarti Lucia Kris
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical Message

Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava (PLSVC) should be suspected if we find dilatation of coronary sinus. Sophisticated imaging is not always available in each health care provider. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with agitated saline injections through the left and right antecubital veins provides a simple, and inexpensive, but effective study for a rapid bedside diagnosis of PSLVC.
Drug interaction between tacrolimus and nilotinib in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia after renal transplant
Authors: Onaka Takashi , Takahashi Naoto , Miura Masatomo , Yonezawa Akihito
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical Message

Nilotinib, a BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is a known inhibitor of CYP3A4 and could increase the concentration of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. An immunosuppressive drug for nilotinib‐treated patients following transplant should be administered with careful pharmacokinetic monitoring because of its interaction with nilotinib.
Electrochemiluminescence of Water‐Soluble Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers Conjugated with Multiple Ru(II) Tris(bipyridine) Moieties
Authors: Lee Hyein , Kim Joohoon
Published: March 2017

Intense electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of water‐soluble dendritic conjugates, which are poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers conjugated with multiple Ru(II) tris(bipyridine) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+, where bpy=2,2’‐bipyridine) units on the periphery, is demonstrated in the absence of any additional co‐reactant. The ECL results were investigated by taking into account the co‐reactant effect of PAMAM dendrimers. The water‐soluble dendritic conjugates were synthesized by derivatizing amine‐terminated 4th‐generation PAMAM dendrimers (G4‐NH2) through covalent linkages with [Ru(bpy)3]2+‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide esters. Interestingly, the synthesized dendritic conjugates alone exhibit significantly enhanced oxidative‐reduction ECL, that is, an approximate nine‐fold increase compared to conventional ECL obtained from corresponding aqueous mixtures of free G4‐NH2 dendrimers and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complexes.
Application of Fiber‐Optic Measurement Technology for Minimally‐Invasive Measurements of Temperature Profiles in Reactors
Authors: Stegehake Carolin , Grünewald Marcus
Published: March 2017

Die Temperatur ist eine wichtige Messgröße in technischen Prozessen, da nahezu alle mechanischen, elektrischen, magnetischen und optischen Stoffeigenschaften sowie die Selektivität in chemischen Reaktoren temperaturabhängig sind. Die faseroptische Messtechnik ermöglicht eine gering‐invasive, gleichzeitige Temperaturerfassung an zahlreichen Messstellen entlang einer Sensorfaser und wird zur Aufnahme von Temperatur‐ und Dehnungsprofilen eingesetzt. In diesem Beitrag wird stellvertretend ihre Anwendung bei der heterogenen Gasphasenkatalyse in Festbettreaktoren diskutiert.
Influences on the Properties of Spray Polymerization Products
Authors: Franke Katharina , Moritz Hans‐Ulrich , Pauer Werner
Published: March 2017

Die Sprühpolymerisation vereint Formgebung, Trocknung, chemische Reaktion und Zerkleinerung in einem einzelnen Prozessschritt und spart damit Prozesskosten und ‐zeit. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einsatz eines Schwingblendensprühkopfes als Modellzerstäubungssystem in Abhängigkeit von der Zerstäuberluftmenge diskutiert und die resultierende Partikelgrößenentwicklung bestimmt. Für die Sprühpolymerisation von teilneutralisierter Acrylsäure werden der Einfluss von Neutralisationsgrad, Prozesstemperatur und Gaszusammensetzung auf Partikelmorphologie, Restfeuchte und Restmonomeranteil bestimmt.
Investigation of Hydrodynamics in Biogas Digesters with Oval Geometry by Instrumented Flow Followers
Authors: Reinecke Sebastian Felix , Jobst Karin , Hampel Uwe
Published: March 2017

Es wurden instrumentierte strömungsfolgende Sensorpartikel mit magnetischer Positionsdetektion in einer Studie der Hydrodynamik von neuartigen, ovalen Biogasreaktoren im Labor‐ und Technikumsmaßstab eingesetzt. Die Sensorpartikel erfassen autonom die makroskopischen Strömungsvorgänge in den Reaktoren. Die gemessenen Daten der Sensorpartikel liefern vertikale Aufenthaltsprofile und Partikelumlaufzeitverteilungen. Anhand dieser Informationen werden die ovalen Reaktoren hinsichtlich der Durchmischung und der Suspensionseigenschaften bewertet und verglichen.
Logical Experimental Design and Execution in the Biomedical Sciences
Authors: Holder Daniel J. , Marino Michael J.
Published: March 2017

Lack of reproducibility has been highlighted as a significant problem in biomedical research. The present unit is devoted to describing ways to help ensure that research findings can be replicated by others, with a focus on the design and execution of laboratory experiments. Essential components for this include clearly defining the question being asked, using available information or information from pilot studies to aid in the design the experiment, and choosing manipulations under a logical framework based on Mill's “methods of knowing” to build confidence in putative causal links. Final experimental design requires systematic attention to detail, including the choice of controls, sample selection, blinding to avoid bias, and the use of power analysis to determine the sample size. Execution of the experiment is done with care to ensure that the independent variables are controlled and the measurements of the dependent variables are accurate. While there are always differences among laboratories with respect to technical expertise, equipment, and suppliers, execution of the steps itemized in this unit will ensure well‐designed and well‐executed experiments to answer any question in biomedical research. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Talking to students about alternative accommodations
Authors: Hamblet Elizabeth C.
Published: March 2017

It can be challenging when accommodations students have used in the past or that have been recommended for newly diagnosed students seem inappropriate. Perhaps they seem to overaccommodate students' level of impairment or can actually create unforeseen consequences for students, or disability services providers may think that there is a different accommodation that may be more effective for the student. The problem can be that students see these accommodations as critical to their success. So how do you talk to them about this?
Summative and formative assessments: Do we accommodate both?
Authors: Meeks Lisa M. , Jain Neera R.
Published: March 2017

Disability services providers and faculty often ask whether accommodations should be provided for informal or formal formative assessments. Formative assessments are intended to provide students with feedback to guide improvement in skills or knowledge and may be collected and recorded as benchmarks for performance. Unlike summative assessments, which are usually graded and thus interpreted as high stakes (e.g., exams, the Objective Structural Clinical Examination), formative assessments are thought to carry low or no stakes for students. For this reason, some suggest that accommodations are not needed. However, accommodations are provided to address a barrier in the educational environment, and as such should not be limited to summative activities.
Support students on the autism spectrum as they gain independence
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: March 2017

Kathleen Viezel, Ph.D., is the director of the COMPASS program at Fairleigh Dickinson University, Metropolitan Campus. Viezel entered academia as an early‐career psychologist and was drawn to the two‐year COMPASS program, which supports students at FDU with autism and Asperger's syndrome, after completing a postdoctoral fellowship with the Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities program.
Service dogs, emotional support animals, student employees
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: March 2017

Students with disabilities who have service dogs or emotional support animals sometimes work part‐time for their schools as paid employees. During work, it is their status as employees, not as students, that determines their right to job‐related accommodations, including claims to bring animals into their workplace. Whether work‐related accommodations for student employees fall within the purview of disability services offices or human resources offices, institutions should understand the differences in governing law. A summary of relevant federal law follows; state law may provide greater rights. For specific legal advice, consult school counsel.
What every leader needs to know to thrive in a new role
Authors: Potts Hilary
Published: March 2017

A leader's entry into a new role is often overlooked or shortchanged because of the multitude of business initiatives aimed at achieving results. Now more than ever, leaders require a clear game plan to excel in the transition and make meaningful contributions in the new role.
Seven years of workplace drug testing in Italy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rosso Gian Luca , Montomoli Cristina , Morini Luca , Candura Stefano M.
Published: March 2017

In Italy, Workplace Drug Testing (WDT) has been compulsory by law for specific categories of workers since 2008, offering the opportunity to compare studies conducted within a single regulatory framework. The aims of this paper are to estimate the overall prevalence of WDT positivity (at screening survey) among Italian workers and evaluate the percentage of true and false positives at confirmation analysis. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the scientific literature on WDT in Italy from January 2008 to March 2015 was carried out, according to the MOOSE guidelines. A random effects model was utilized to calculate pooled prevalence. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using sensitivity test and subgroup analysis. The overall meta‐analytical prevalence of positivity at WDT among Italian workers was 1.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–1.7%]. It was significantly lower among workers screened with an on‐site test (1%; 95% CI = 0.5–1.5%), compared with a bench‐top test (1.7%; 95% CI = 1.3–2.1%). Nine studies provided data on false positives at the screening test, with a combined prevalence estimate ‐ calculated on positive cases – of 30% (95% CI = 16–44%). In Italy, the number of true positives at first‐level workplace drug testing is low, while the frequency of false positives is relatively high. A revision of the Italian legislation on the subject seems advisable. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lichen acclimation to changing environments: Photobiont switching vs. climate‐specific uniqueness in Psora decipiens
Authors: Williams Laura , Colesie Claudia , Ullmann Anna , Westberg Martin , Wedin Mats , Büdel Burkhard
Published: March 2017

Unraveling the complex relationship between lichen fungal and algal partners has been crucial in understanding lichen dispersal capacity, evolutionary processes, and responses in the face of environmental change. However, lichen symbiosis remains enigmatic, including the ability of a single fungal partner to associate with various algal partners. Psora decipiens is a characteristic lichen of biological soil crusts (BSCs), across semi‐arid, temperate, and alpine biomes, which are particularly susceptible to habitat loss and climate change. The high levels of morphological variation found across the range of Psora decipiens may contribute to its ability to withstand environmental change. To investigate Psora decipiens acclimation potential, individuals were transplanted between four climatically distinct sites across a European latitudinal gradient for 2 years. The effect of treatment was investigated through a morphological examination using light and SEM microscopy; 26S rDNA and rbcL gene analysis assessed site‐specific relationships and lichen acclimation through photobiont switching. Initial analysis revealed that many samples had lost their algal layers. Although new growth was often determined, the algae were frequently found to have died without evidence of a new photobiont being incorporated into the thallus. Mycobiont analysis investigated diversity and determined that new growth was a part of the transplant, thus, revealing that four distinct fungal clades, closely linked to site, exist. Additionally, P. decipiens was found to associate with the green algal genus Myrmecia, with only two genetically distinct clades between the four sites. Our investigation has suggested that P. decipiens cannot acclimate to the substantial climatic variability across its environmental range. Additionally, the different geographical areas are home to genetically distinct and unique populations. The variation found within the genotypic and morpho‐physiological traits of P. decipiens appears to have a climatic determinant, but this is not always reflected by the algal partner. Although photobiont switching occurs on an evolutionary scale, there is little evidence to suggest an active environmentally induced response. These results suggest that this species, and therefore, other lichen species, and BSC ecosystems themselves may be significantly vulnerable to climate change and habitat loss.
Modeling activity patterns of wildlife using time‐series analysis
Authors: Zhang Jindong , Hull Vanessa , Ouyang Zhiyun , He Liang , Connor Thomas , Yang Hongbo , Huang Jinyan , Zhou Shiqiang , Zhang Zejun , Zhou Caiquan , Zhang Hemin , Liu Jianguo
Published: March 2017

The study of wildlife activity patterns is an effective approach to understanding fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes. However, traditional statistical approaches used to conduct quantitative analysis have thus far had limited success in revealing underlying mechanisms driving activity patterns. Here, we combine wavelet analysis, a type of frequency‐based time‐series analysis, with high‐resolution activity data from accelerometers embedded in GPS collars to explore the effects of internal states (e.g., pregnancy) and external factors (e.g., seasonal dynamics of resources and weather) on activity patterns of the endangered giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Giant pandas exhibited higher frequency cycles during the winter when resources (e.g., water and forage) were relatively poor, as well as during spring, which includes the giant panda's mating season. During the summer and autumn when resources were abundant, pandas exhibited a regular activity pattern with activity peaks every 24 hr. A pregnant individual showed distinct differences in her activity pattern from other giant pandas for several months following parturition. These results indicate that animals adjust activity cycles to adapt to seasonal variation of the resources and unique physiological periods. Wavelet coherency analysis also verified the synchronization of giant panda activity level with air temperature and solar radiation at the 24‐hr band. Our study also shows that wavelet analysis is an effective tool for analyzing high‐resolution activity pattern data and its relationship to internal and external states, an approach that has the potential to inform wildlife conservation and management across species.
Environmental watering for vegetation diversity outcomes must account for local canopy conditions
Authors: Capon Samantha J. , Balcombe Stephen R. , McBroom James
Published: March 2017

Hydrology is widely considered to be the dominant driver of understorey vegetation dynamics in arid and semiarid riparian ecosystems. Consequently, environmental watering is often a key approach to restoring and promoting riparian vegetation diversity. Few studies however have considered the role of local factors, for example, shading or litter accumulation, on vegetation responses to flow and how these may influence the outcomes of watering actions. Knowledge concerning modifying effects of local canopy factors on vegetation responses to watering is needed to guide environmental water planning (e.g., setting objectives and targets) and delivery (e.g., timing and duration of managed flows). We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effects of shade and litter, and their interaction, on plant communities establishing from riparian soil seed banks, collected from the northern Murray–Darling Basin, under a range of hydrological conditions. We found that shade had a positive influence on the abundance, diversity, and reproduction of establishing plant communities under dry conditions but a negative, or null effect, under wet conditions. Litter exerted strong negative effects on plant community metrics under all hydrological conditions. Some understorey species emerged as hardy generalists capable of establishment under a range of conditions whereas others had more specific requirements. Our results highlight the importance of canopy structure for riparian understorey vegetation diversity and dynamics at both local and landscape scales. Land and water management practices seeking to protect or restore vegetation diversity in these systems must therefore take such local factors into account when planning and evaluating interventions.
Effect of eplerenone in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: potential effect modification by abdominal obesity. Insight from theEMPHASIS‐HFtrial
Authors: Olivier Arnaud , Pitt Bertram , Girerd Nicolas , Lamiral Zohra , Machu Jean‐Loup , McMurray John J.V. , Swedberg Karl , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Collier Timothy J. , Pocock Stuart J. , Rossignol Patrick , Zannad Faiez , Pizard Anne
Published: March 2017

Aims

An excessive production of aldosterone influences outcome in patients with heart failure (HF) and in obese patients. Findings from laboratory studies suggest that chronic aldosterone blockade maybe more beneficial in abdominally obeseHF‐prone rats. In the current study, we investigated if the clinical response to a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in mildly symptomaticHFpatients varied by abdominal obesity.

Methods and results

A total of 2587NYHAclassII, reduced ejection fractionHF(HFrEF) patients enrolled in theEMPHASIS‐HFtrial were randomly assigned to eplerenone and placebo. In thispost hocanalysis, patients were categorized according to waist circumference (WC) (normal ifWC< 102 cm in men and < 88 cm in women; abdominal obesity ifWC≥ 102 cm in men and ≥ 88 cm women). The potential statistical interaction between the treatment andWCwas assessed on the primary endpoint of death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization forHFand other secondary endpoints. Over a median follow‐up of 21 months, a significant benefit of eplerenone for the primary outcome was noted in both normal [hazard ratio (HR) 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61–0.98,P= 0.03] and increased (HR0.48, 95%CI0.37–0.63,P< 0.0001)WCsubgroups, but the latter patients appeared to receive greater benefit than patients with normalWC(Pfor interaction = 0.01). This suggests a significant quantitative (treatment effect varies in magnitude by subgroup, but is always in same direction) rather than a qualitative interaction (direction of the treatment effect varies by subgroup) between eplerenone andWCin the adjusted analysis. Mean doses of eplerenone, blood pressure and serum potassium changes and adverse events were similar betweenWCsubgroups.

Conclusion

InEMPHASIS‐HF, eplerenone improved outcomes inHFrEFpatients with and without abdominal obesity, although the benefit appeared to be more pronounced among those with abdominal obesity. The findings are potentially hypothesis generating and need to be replicated in otherHFrEFpopulations.
Modeling electrokinetics in ionic liquids
Authors: Wang Chao , Bao Jie , Pan Wenxiao , Sun Xin
Published: March 2017

Using direct numerical simulations, we provide a thorough study regarding the electrokinetics of ionic liquids. In particular, modified Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations are solved to capture the crowding and overscreening effects characteristic of an ionic liquid. For modeling electrokinetic flows in an ionic liquid, the modified Poisson‐Nernst‐Planck equations are coupled with Navier–Stokes equations to study the coupling of ion transport, hydrodynamics, and electrostatic forces. Specifically, we consider the ion transport between two parallel charged surfaces, charging dynamics in a nanopore, capacitance of electric double‐layer capacitors, electroosmotic flow in a nanochannel, electroconvective instability on a plane ion‐selective surface, and electroconvective flow on a curved ion‐selective surface. We also discuss how crowding and overscreening and their interplay affect the electrokinetic behaviors of ionic liquids in these application problems.
Electroosmotic flow measurements in a freely suspended liquid film: Experimhents and numerical simulations
Authors: Hussein Sheik Abdulkadir , Bandulasena Himiyage Chaminda Hemaka , Starov Victor , Trybala Anna
Published: March 2017

Fluid flow profiles in free liquid films stabilised by anionic and cationic surfactants under an external electric field were investigated. Depthwise velocity fields were measured at the mid region of the free liquid film by confocal micron‐resolution particle image velocimetry and corresponding numerical simulations were performed using Finite Element Method to model the system. Depthwise change in velocity profiles was observed with electroosmotic flow dominating in the vicinity of the gas–liquid and solid–liquid interfaces while backpressure drives fluid in the opposite direction at the core of the film. It was also found that the direction of the flow at various sections of the films depends on the type of surfactant used, but flow features remained the same. Numerical simulations predicted the flow profiles with reasonable accuracy; however, asymmetry of the actual film geometry caused deviations at the top half of the computational domain. Overall, electroosmotic flow profiles within a free liquid film are similar to that of the closed‐end solid microchannel. However, the flow direction and features of the velocity profiles can be changed by selecting various types of surfactants. The free liquid films thickness was selected to match dimensions of foam Plateau border. Hence, these findings will be useful in developing a separation system based on foam electrokinetics.
Postcombustion CO2 capture using diethylenetriamine (DETA) solvent in a pilot‐plant test bed compared to monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent
Authors: Gao Jie , Yin Jun , Zhu Feifei , Chen Xin , Tong Ming , Kang Wanzhong , Zhou Yanbo , Lu Jun
Published: March 2017

The performance of CO2 absorption into diethylenetriamine (DETA) solvent and CO2 desorption from rich DETA solvent were experimentally investigated in a lab‐scale CO2 capture test bed. And the results were compared with monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent, which is a standard solvent for CO2 capture in industry. Also, effects of solvent concentration, lean CO2 loading, lean solvent temperature, solvent flow rate and flue gas flow rate on the absorption performance of DETA and MEA solvent, and effects of lean CO2 loading and solvent flow rate on the regeneration performance of DETA and MEA solvent were studied. The results showed that DETA had a faster CO2 absorption rate and a higher CO2 cyclic capacity than MEA solvent. And to strip the same amount of CO2, DETA needed less regeneration energy than MEA solvent. In addition, the results also showed that key operating parameters of absorber and stripper had large effects on the performance of CO2 absorption and desorption. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1131–1138, 2017
[TC2015] applicability of medium boiling fraction of flash pyrolysis condensates in phenolic resins
Authors: Conrad Stefan , Westermeyer Jan , Schulzke Tim
Published: March 2017

Fossil‐based phenol is used to a large extend to produce phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resins, which are most commonly applied in engineered wood products such as plywood. Pyrolysis oil from straw pyrolysis might be a suitable bio‐based substitute for such applications. By staged condensation of flash pyrolysis vapors, a phenolic monomers concentrated fraction could be produced. This fraction was used for the production of several PF resins with different recipes and degrees of substitution. Resulting resins were analyzed for free formaldehyde and dynamic viscosity as well as being characterized by curing behavior within a differential scanning calorimetry experiment. Finally, tensile strength specimen samples were made for testing according DIN EN 205. Bioresin tensile strength was found to lay in the range of 7–8 N/mm2, which is below but close to the minimum value of 10 N/mm2 for wood adhesive application. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 662–667, 2017
Electrospun biodegradable microfibers induce new collagen formation in a rat abdominal wall defect model: A possible treatment for pelvic floor repair?
Authors: Glindtvad Cecilie , Chen Menglin , Vinge Nygaard Jens , Wogensen Lise , Forman Axel , Danielsen Carl Christian , Taskin Mehmet Berat , Andersson Karl‐Erik , Axelsen Susanne Maigaard
Published: March 2017

Half of the female population over age 50 years will experience pelvic organ prolapse. We suggest a new approach based on tissue engineering principles to functionally reconstruct the anatomical structures of the pelvic floor. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanical performance and effect on collagen and elastin production of a degradable mesh releasing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Implantation of biodegradable mesh with or without bFGF in their core has been conducted in 40 rats in an abdominal wall defect model. Samples were explanted after 4, 8, and 24 weeks, and tested for mechanical properties and the composition of connective tissue. The study showed an increase in mRNA expression for collagen‐I (p = 0.0060) and collagen‐III (p = 0.0086) in the 4 weeks group with bFGF. The difference was equalized at 8 and 24 weeks. No difference was found at any time for protein amount for collagen‐I, collagen‐III, and fibronectin. The amount of collagen decreased from 4 to 24 weeks but the fraction of collagen increased. The maximal load of the newly formed tissue showed no effect of bFGF at any time. Exclusively, histology showed a limited ingrowth of collagen fibers after 4 weeks with bFGF but signs of elastin fibers were seen at 24 weeks. The investigation showed that a biodegradable mesh promotes tissue formation with a promising strength. The mesh with bFGF did not represent any advantage on either long or short term in comparison to the mesh without bFGF. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 680–688, 2018.
Cartilage-Specific Autophagy Deficiency Promotes ER Stress and Impairs Chondrogenesis in PERK-ATF4-CHOP–Dependent Manner
Authors: Kang Xiaomin , Yang Wei , Feng Dongxu , Jin Xinxin , Ma Zhengmin , Qian Zhuang , Xie Tianping , Li Huixia , Liu Jiali , Wang Ruiqi , Li Fang , Li Danhui , Sun Hongzhi , Wu Shufang
Published: March 2017

Autophagy is activated during nutritionally depleted or hypoxic conditions to facilitate cell survival. Because growth plate is an avascular and hypoxic tissue, autophagy may have a crucial role during chondrogenesis; however, the functional role and underlying mechanism of autophagy in regulation of growth plate remains elusive. In this study, we generated TamCartAtg7–/– (Atg7cKO) mice to explore the role of autophagy during endochondral ossification. Atg7cKO mice exhibited growth retardation associated with reduced chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and increased chondrocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, we observed that Atg7 ablation mainly induced the PERK-ATF4-CHOP axis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in growth plate chondrocytes. Although Atg7 ablation induced ER stress in growth plate chondrocytes, the addition of phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a chemical chaperone known to attenuate ER stress, partly neutralized such effects of Atg7 ablation on longitudinal bone growth, indicating the causative interaction between autophagy and ER stress in growth plate. Consistent with these findings in vivo, we also observed that Atg7 ablation in cultured chondrocytes resulted in defective autophagy, elevated ER stress, decreased chondrocytes proliferation, impaired expression of col10a1, MMP­13, and VEGFA for chondrocyte differentiation, and increased chondrocyte apoptosis, while such effects were partly nullified by reduction of ER stress with PBA. In addition, Atg7 ablation-mediated impaired chondrocyte function (chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis) was partly reversed in CHOP–/– cells, indicating the causative role of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP axis of the ER stress response in the action of autophagy deficiency in chondrocytes. In conclusion, our findings indicate that autophagy deficiency may trigger ER stress in growth plate chondrocytes and contribute to growth retardation, thus implicating autophagy as an important regulator during chondrogenesis and providing new insights into the clinical potential of autophagy in cartilage homeostasis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluation of myocardial microcirculation using intravoxel incoherent motion imaging
Authors: Mou Anna , Zhang Chen , Li Mengying , Jin Fengqiang , Song Qingwei , Liu Ailian , Li Zhiyong
Published: March 2017

Purpose

To explore whether cardiac magnetic resonance‐intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (MR‐IVIM) is feasible for the clinical evaluation of myocardial microcirculation.

Materials and Methods

The study included 30 patients (with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or combined diabetes and hypertension) and 34 healthy volunteers. MR‐IVIM with a maximum gradient strength of 50 mT/m was performed on the left ventricular short axis (apex, middle, and base), using multiple b values (0–500 s/mm2) on a 3.0T MR scanner. MR‐IVIM parameters of the left ventricle included apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)slow, ADCfast, and f (fraction of ADCfast). With a double‐blind design, the image quality and IVIM parameters were assessed by two cardiovascular radiologists at 1‐month intervals. Participants were stratified into two groups (failure or success), based on criteria for success of MR‐IVIM acquisition. The heart rate of each participant was recorded.

Results

The success rates for image acquisition were 68.23% (131/192) overall, with the healthy group (74.51% [76/102]) significantly higher than the patient group (61.11% [55/90]). The mean heart rate was significantly higher in the failure group than the success group. The two radiologists were comparable in quality evaluations of the images (kappa = 0.82). Both the interobserver and intraobserver reliability for IVIM parameters were excellent for patients and healthy volunteers (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.8). However, the left ventricle myocardial ADCfast of each patient group was significantly lower than that of the healthy volunteers.

Conclusion

MR‐IVIM could noninvasively assess human myocardial microcirculation, but challenges remain before this method can be applied in the clinic.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1818–1828.
The opinions of radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists and radiation therapists regarding technology in health care: a qualitative study
Authors: Aarts Sil , Cornelis Forra , Zevenboom Yke , Brokken Patrick , van de Griend Nicole , Spoorenberg Miriam , ten Bokum Wendy , Wouters Eveline
Published: March 2017

Introduction

New technology is continuously introduced in health care. The aim of this study was (1) to collect the opinions and experiences of radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists and radiation therapists regarding the technology they use in their profession and (2) to acquire their views regarding the role of technology in their future practice.

Methods

Participants were recruited from five departments in five hospitals in The Netherlands. All radiographers, nuclear medicine therapists and radiation therapists who were working in these departments were invited to participate (n = 252). The following topics were discussed: technology in daily work, training in using technology and the role of technology in future practice. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using open and axial coding.

Results

A total of 52 participants (57.7% radiographer) were included, 19 men and 33 women (age range: 20–63). Four major themes emerged: (1) technology as an indispensable factor, (2) engagement, support and training in using technology, (3) transitions in work and (4) the radiographer of the future. All participants not only value technological developments to perform their occupations, but also aspects such as documentation and physical support. When asked about the future of their profession, contradictory answers were provided; while some expect less autonomy, others belief they will get more autonomy in their work.

Conclusion

Technology plays a major role in all three occupations. All participants believe that technology should be in the best interests of patients. Being involved in the implementation of new technology is of utmost importance; courses and training, facilitated by the managers of the departments, should play a major role. Only when a constant dialogue exists between health care professionals and their managers, in which they discuss their experiences, needs and expectations, technology can be implemented in a safe and effective manner. This, in turn, might positively influence quality of care.
Do Decision Variables Improve Microfinance Efficiency? A Stochastic Frontier Analysis for African Countries
Authors: Kendo Sandra
Published: March 2017

Microfinance institutions that aim to increase their asset size and financial performance boost their efficiency when they make financial innovations, improve client follow‐up, and monitor the projects they support to limit the risk of failure.
Exploring the Determinants of Crowdfunding: The Influence of the Banking System
Authors: Paulet Elisabeth , Relano Francesc
Published: March 2017

The development of European crowdfunding is directly connected to the prevalent structure of the banking system in the different member states.
The Different Ways of Collaboration between a Retail Bank and Crowdfunding
Authors: Attuel‐Mendès Laurence
Published: March 2017

Banks, aware of the arrival of a new kind of competitor for entrepreneurial venture funding, begin to collaborate with crowdfunding platforms in different ways.