bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum categories for quantum logic
Authors: Васюков Владимир Леонидович
Published: October 2019

The paper is the contribution to quantum toposophy focusing on the abstract orthomodular structures (following Dunn-Moss-Wang terminology). Early quantum toposophical approach to "abstract quantum logic" was proposed based on the topos of functors $\mathsf{[E,Sets]}$ where $\mathsf{E}$ is a so-called orthomodular preorder category – a modification of categorically rewritten orthomodular lattice (taking into account that like any lattice it will be a finite co-complete preorder category). In the paper another kind of categorical semantics of quantum logic is discussed which is based on the modification of the topos construction itself – so called $quantos$ – which would be evaluated as a non-classical modification of topos with some extra structure allowing to take into consideration the peculiarity of negation in orthomodular quantum logic. The algebra of subobjects of quantos is not the Heyting algebra but an orthomodular lattice. Quantoses might be apprehended as an abstract reflection of Landsman's proposal of "Bohrification", i.e., the mathematical interpretation of Bohr's classical concepts by commutative $C^*$-algebras, which in turn are studied in their quantum habitat of noncommutative $C^*$-algebras – more fundamental structures than commutative $C^*$-algebras. The Bohrification suggests that topos-theoretic approach also should be modified. Since topos by its nature is an intuitionistic construction then Bohrification in abstract case should be transformed in an application of categorical structure based on an orthomodular lattice which is more general construction than Heyting algebra – orthomodular lattices are non-distributive while Heyting algebras are distributive ones. Toposes thus should be studied in their quantum habitat of "orthomodular" categories i.e. of quntoses. Also an interpretation of some well-known systems of orthomodular quantum logic in quantos of functors $\mathsf{[E,QSets]}$ is constructed where $\mathsf{QSets}$ is a quantos (not a topos) of quantum sets. The completeness of those systems in respect to the semantics proposed is proved.
Use of potentially inappropriate medication and polypharmacy in older adults: a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Thorell Kristine , Midlöv Patrik , Fastbom Johan , Halling Anders
Published: October 2019

Background: Potential inappropriate medications (PIM) have an increased risk for adverse drug reactions (ADR) in an older adult population. With increasing age, multimorbidity is growing along with the use of medications. For several years, polypharmacy has been found to increase in western societies. Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of ADR. In this study, we analysed the prevalence of PIM in an older adult population and in different strata of the variables age, gender, number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy and how that prevalence changed over time.

Methods: This is a registry based repeated cross-sectional study including two cohorts. Individuals aged 75 or older listed at a primary care centre in Blekinge on the 31st March 2011 (cohort 1) or on the 31st December 2013 (cohort 2) were included in the respective cohorts. Using a chi2 test, the two cohorts were compared on the variables age, gender, number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy. Use of five or more medications at the same time was the definition for polypharmacy.

Results: Use of PIM decreased from 10.60% to 7.04% (p-value 0.000) between 2011 and 2013, while prevalence of five to seven chronic conditions increased from 20.55% to 23.66% (p-value 0.000). Use of PIM decreased in all strata of the variables age, gender number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy. Except for age 80 to ≤ 85 and males, where it increased, prevalence of polypharmacy was stable in all strata of the variables.

Conclusions: Use of potentially inappropriate medications had decreased in all variables between 2011 and 2013. Polypharmacy does not increase significantly compared to the rest of the population.
Feasibility and Desirability of Scaling up Community –based Health Insurance (CBHI) in rural communities in Uganda. Lessons from Kisiizi hospital CBHI scheme.
Authors: AYEBAZIBWE ALEX KAKAMA
Published: October 2019

Background
Community-based health Insurance (CBHI) schemes have been implemented world over as initial steps for National Health Insurance. The CBHI concept developed out of a need for financial protection against catastrophic health expenditure to the poor after failure of other health financing mechanisms. CBHI schemes reduce out-of-pocket payments, and improve access to healthcare services in addition to raising additional revenue for health sector.

Kisiizi hospital CBHI scheme has 41,500 registered members since 1996, organised in 210 community associations known as ‘Bataka’ or ‘Engozi’ societies. Members pay annual premium fees and a co-payment fee before service utilisation.
This Study aimed at exploring the feasibility and desirability of scaling up CBHI in Rubabo County, with objectives of; exploring community perceptions and determining acceptability of CBHI, identifying barriers and enablers to scaling up CBHI and documenting lessons regarding CBHI expansion in a rural community.

Method: Explorative study using qualitative methods. Key informant interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were used in data collection. Twenty two key informant interviews were conducted using semi-structured questionnaires. Three FGD for scheme members and three for non-scheme members were conducted. Data was analysed using thematic approach.
Results :
Scaling up Kisiizi hospital CBHI is desirable because: it conforms to the government social protection agenda, conforms to society values, offers a comprehensive benefits package, and is a better healthcare financing alternative for many households.

Scaling up Kisiizi hospital CBHI is largely feasible because of a strong network of community associations, trusted quality of services at Kisiizi Hospital, affordable insurance fees, and trusted leadership and management systems. Scheme expansion faces a few obstacles: long distances and high transport costs to Kisiizi hospital, low levels of knowledge about insurance, overlapping financial priorities at household level and inability of some households to pay insurance fees.

Conclusions
CBHI implementation requires the following considerations: Conformity with society values and government priorities, a comprehensive benefits package, trusted quality of healthcare services, affordable fees, and trusted leadership and management systems.

Key words
Community-based Health Insurance, Universal Health Coverage, Health financing, Enrolment
A snapshot of factual bitterness of elderly Indians: It’s time to act
Authors: Gupta Manoj Kumar , Raghav Pankaja , Gautam Vaishali , Choudhary Yachana , Ladha Nikhilesh
Published: October 2019

Background Elderly people suffer with diverse morbidities which comes with advancement in age. There is paucity of national and regional level studies to highlight the burden of various morbidities among elderly population in a comprehensive manner, which is of paramount importance for further fine tuning of policies and strategies for geriatric people in the country. The primary objective of the study was to screen the rural elderly people for major morbidity issues, and to find out their association with sociodemographic variables.Methods This community based study was conducted in rural area of Jodhpur, India. WHO’s 10-minute comprehensive screening tool was used for screening of geriatric giants. Other tools used were; SNELLEN chart, Dementia Assessment by Rapid Test (DART), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), weighing machine and stadiometer for calculating BMI, glucometer for random capillary blood sugar, and digital sphygmomanometer. Data was analyzed using SPSS v.23, and inferences were drawn using chi-square & t-test.Results Depression and dementia were found in 45.4% and 36.2% of elderly people, respectively. Age was a significant predictor for both. Functional disability in any form was prevalent among 73.7% people. Eighteen participants were either had history of falls for ≥2 times in past one year or were unsteady on examination. Nearly half were having impaired hearing and/or vision. As much as 44% of the elderly were either overweight or obese. More than one third of the participants were found hypertensive. One fourth were found with >140mg/dl random capillary blood sugar. Opium addiction was quite rampant in the study area (21.1%).Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive picture of regional level estimate of major geriatric morbidities in India. These findings reinforce the need to reform the healthcare delivery for elderly people in India, and rethink in the direction of improving their quality of life.
Genital viral infections in clinical practice: effectiveness of complex treatment
Authors: Nazarova N. M. , Attoeva D. I. , Dovletkhanova E. R. , Prilepskaya V. N.
Published: October 2019

Recurrent genital herpes and anogenital warts differ in etiological factor and clinical presentation. The main objectives afflicting the gynecologist are to lengthen the period of remission as long as practicable and reduce recurrence rates of genital warts. The article presents the analysis of the effectiveness and safety of the complex therapy for recurrent genital herpes and anogenital (venereal) warts.
Uterine leiomyoma and IDA. Variant of preoperative preparation
Authors: Tikhomirov A. L. , Sarsaniya S. I.
Published: October 2019

The article considers the features of Fe deficite anemia in patients with uterine fibroid. Their own studies of preoperative management of such patients using the drug of bivalent iron and selective protein modulator in progesterone receptors are presented.
Hormonal and ultrasound features of formation of feto-placental complex in women with beneficial tumours of the uterus
Authors: Khamidullina E. F. , Davidyan L. Yu. , Kasymova D. R. , Bogdasarov A. Yu.
Published: October 2019

The purpose and objectives of the study is to identify the hormonal, biochemical and ultrasound features of the gestation course in women with beneficial tumours of the uterus. Results. We conducted a complete clinical examination and prospective observation of 182 pregnant women. Of which, 98 puerperas with a verified diagnosis of uterine fibroids and/or endometriosis, which developed before gestation, but did not prevent the onset of pregnancy, were included into the main group. The comparison group included 84 women with physiological pregnancy. The studies showed that 14 pregnant women in the main group had C677T (Ala222Val) T/T mutation, while only 2 women in the comparison group had a decrease in enzyme activity due to genetic mutation. Accordingly, the homocysteine level was almost 3 times lower in the comparison group than in the main group. The women with hyperhomocisteinemia (HHC) and uterine fibroid in the main group showed the lowest estriol level and hCG level, while women without HHC had higher estriol level and hCG levels. It was found that almost all patients with HHC had subclinical hypothyroidism. Ultrasound imaging and biochemical tests at the beginning of the 2nd trimester: no ultrasound markers of fetal anomalies were identified in women from both groups; however, signs of retrochorial hematoma were detected in 57 women from the main group, which was confirmed by clinical manifestations and previous ultrasound imaging in earlier gestation periods. Conclusion. Thus, placenta formation in women with HHC and uterine fibroids is accompanied by relative hormonal insufficiency, which is clinically manifested as a threat of miscarriage in the early stages, but carrying a child is possible due to appropriate management of a patient as part of the preserving therapy. However, the issue of preventing the development of fetoplacental insufficiency is a valid one for further investigation.
Modern opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (in aid of a practitioner)
Authors: Dovletkhanova E. R. , Abakarova P. R.
Published: October 2019

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common vaginal infections, representing 40% to 50% of all cases of infectious vulvovaginitis. Between 70-75% of sexually active women experience at least one episode of VVC in their lifetime, and 8-10% of adult women have recurrent VVC. The treatment of VVC remains as one of the most pressing challenges of gynecology. The share of recurrent disease event rates remains high, despite the modern medicines used to treat various forms of VVC.
Treatment of the vaginal disbiotic disorders in pregnant women before delivery
Authors: Tyutyunnik V. L. , Balushkina A. A. , Mikhailova A. A. , Kan N. E.
Published: October 2019

The urgency of the problem of vaginal infection is determined by its highest prevalence in the structure of obstetric-gynecological morbidity. Currently, the share of diseases of the lower genital tract associated with quantitative unbalance conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of bacterial and fungal origin vagina, which occur in 40-65% of pregnant women. Carried out a sufficient number of studies showing the role of vaginal microbiocenosis dysbiotic violations in the development of pathology of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum infectious complications. It is known, that for vaginal infections and dysbiosis significantly more often increases the risk of chronic placental insufficiency, premature birth, low birth weight and postpartum endometritis, wound infection. In connection with the above, it is important to timely diagnose microflora disorders using clinical and laboratory research methods, followed by adequate etiotropic therapy. Timely and effective treatment of vaginal dysbiosis in pregnant women before delivery reduces the risk of postpartum infectious complications.
Male infertility treatments: clinical overview
Authors: Korneev I. A.
Published: October 2019

The article provides an overview of studies of antioxidant properties of the components contained in AndroDoz, as well as the results of using AndroDoz biocomplex, due to which infertile men showed an increase in concentration, motility and percentage of sperm with a normal form in the ejaculate, a decrease in sperm DNA fragmentation and an increase in pregnancy rates after using assisted reproductive technologies, as well as getting pregnant naturally. Due to absence of adverse events and side effects, AndroDoz can be recommended to a wide range of patients with pathozoospermia and idiopathic infertility.
Comorbid patient with GERD and cardiovascular disease receiving antiplatelet therapy. The possibilities of choosing a proton pump inhibitor on a case study
Authors: Pakhomova I. G.
Published: October 2019

The high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its frequent pathogenetic relationship with various comorbid diseases and conditions lead to polypragmasia and the development of undesirable adverse reactions. Treatment premorbidly disorders requires high clinical expertise and breadth of knowledge in the field of related disciplines that allows you to efficiently prescribe the appropriate drug therapy. It is important to emphasize that a patient with cardiovascular disease often receives antiplatelet therapy, including double, which can lead to adverse reactions from the upper gastrointestinal tract (due to the peculiarities of the mechanism of action of antiplatelet drugs), including from the esophagus, provoking the development or deterioration of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are used for the prevention and treatment of these adverse events on the part of the gastrointestinal tract. Effective drug therapy for GERD also includes the administration of these drugs. However. Given the polymorbidity of patients and polypragmasia, the practitioner should strive to prescribe drugs with the lowest risk of drug interactions. These requirements are met by PPI rabeprazole, the metabolism of which is predictable. The use of this drug is presented in a clinical case.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Challenge of Our Time. Based on the proceedings of the «Man and Medicine» Congress and 3rd Gastrosammit
Authors: Evsyutina Yu. V.
Published: October 2019

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Cholestasis syndrome in a comorbid patient: diagnostic difficulties
Authors: Vinnitskaya E. V. , Khaymenova T. Yu. , Saliev K. G. , Skibkina E. S. , Absandze K. G. , Sandler Yu. G.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the review article is to demonstrate generalized ideas on the classification and diagnosis of cholestasis syndrome of various etiologies, to consider the possibility of using laboratory and instrumental research methods in real clinical practice in a comorbid patient. The main provisions. According to the mechanism of development, cholestasis is conditionally divided into intrahepatic and extrahepatic, as well as a mixed type. Extrahepatic cholestasis develops with mechanical obstruction of the main extrahepatic or main intrahepatic ducts. Intrahepatic cholestasis as a result of a number of diseases, such as acute viral hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, drug damage to the liver, amyloidosis of the liver. In real clinical practice, a combination of several etiological factors leading to the development of cholestasis is possible in a comorbid patient. A clinical observation is given when, in a patient with gallstone disease, melanoma and ulcerative colitis, after excluding a number of possible causes of cholestasis, autoimmune cross syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), was diagnosed, which allowed the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy with 48 mg corticosteroid (per day) and the preparation of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) exhol at a dose of 1500 mg per day. Regardless of the cause of intrahepatic cholestasis, UDCA remains the drug for the treatment of first-line cholestatic lesions. Conclusion. Only a consistent methodological approach, taking into account all the possible causes of cholestasis, can lead to a correct diagnosis and timely adequate treatment in each case.
The role of dietary fiber in the correction of digestion and constipation of various etiologies
Authors: Plotnikova E. Yu. , Gracheva T. Yu. , Sinkovа M. N. , Isakov L. K.
Published: October 2019

Psyllium is a predominantly soluble fiber among other natural plant-based dietary fiber used in food and pharmaceuticals and is sold as a laxative fiber. Isphagula (lat. ispaghula)– international nonproprietary name of a medicine of «psyllium». Accordingly to ATX belongs to the group of «Laxatives», subgroup «A06AC «Laxatives increasing volume of intestinal contents» (Bulking laxatives) and has the following code and name: «A06AC01 «Ispaghula» (plantain oval seeds)». Isphagula is a medical dietary fiber; in the context of gastrointestinal problems in terms of «ispaghula» and «psyllium» are synonymous. Psyllium flour has virtually no digestible carbohydrates. This fact is a significant advantage of psyllium over oat bran, in which such carbohydrates are more than 60%. A distinctive feature of psyllium is that it is almost completely (80–85%) consists of fiber (about 70% of which is soluble), which in contact with water turns into a soft gel. Only 1 gram of fiber ground fiber flour is able to absorb up to 45 ml of water. In the colon, psyllium is resistant to fermentation, remains intact in the feces and significantly increases the water content in the feces, providing a laxative effect. Psyllium softens hard stools in constipation, normalizes loose stools in diarrhea, and normalizes stool shape in patients with IBS, relieving gastrointestinal symptoms. Dietary supplement «Fitomucil® Norm» contains 4.5 g of psyllium (Plantago psyllium), and dry pulp of prunes (Prunus domestica) – 0.5 g. This combination of psyllium and prunes can be widely used in patients with constipation and other functional digestive disorders in different age groups, including pregnant and lactating women, as a first-line remedy.
A Novel Prediction of Quaternary Structural Type of Proteins with Gene Ontology
Authors: Xiao Xuan , Chen Wei-Jie , Qiu Wang-Ren
Published: October 2019

Background:

The information of quaternary structure attributes of proteins is very important
because it is closely related to the biological functions of proteins. With the rapid development
of new generation sequencing technology, we are facing a challenge: how to automatically
identify the four-level attributes of new polypeptide chains according to their sequence information
(i.e., whether they are formed as just as a monomer, or as a hetero-oligomer, or a homo-oligomer).

Objective:

In this article, our goal is to find a new way to represent protein sequences, thereby improving
the prediction rate of protein quaternary structure.

Methods:

In this article, we developed a prediction system for protein quaternary structural type in
which a protein sequence was expressed by combining the Pfam functional-domain and gene ontology.
turn protein features into digital sequences, and complete the prediction of quaternary structure
through specific machine learning algorithms and verification algorithm.

Results:

Our data set contains 5495 protein samples. Through the method provided in this paper,
we classify proteins into monomer, or as a hetero-oligomer, or a homo-oligomer, and the prediction
rate is 74.38%, which is 3.24% higher than that of previous studies. Through this new feature extraction
method, we can further classify the four-level structure of proteins, and the results are also
correspondingly improved.

Conclusion:

After the applying the new prediction system, compared with the previous results, we
have successfully improved the prediction rate. We have reason to believe that the feature extraction
method in this paper has better practicability and can be used as a reference for other protein
classification problems.
In silico Characterization of a Candidate Protein from Aphid Gelling Saliva with Potential for Aphid Control in Plants
Authors: Khan Rao Sohail Ahmad , Ali Zainab , Niazi Adnan Khan , Carolan James C. , Wilkinson Thomas L.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Sheath or gelling saliva, secreted during feeding by aphids, is a hard material that
supports the piercing mouthparts and remains in the plant after feeding. Solidification or gelling of the saliva
might be due to the composition of amino acids in the constituent proteins, many of which probably interact
with plant defenses.

Objective :

The complete complement of proteins in the gelling saliva are still unknown, although one sheath
protein (SHP) has previously been identified as a potential candidate protein to control aphid feeding, but its
structure and its physiochemical role remains obscure. The current study provides structural information and
biochemical properties of the aphid sheath protein.

Methods:

The Sheath protein encoding gene was amplified from cDNA of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)
through PCR using specific gene primers. Sequence was in silico characterized by using EXPASY, Berkeley
Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP) Neural Network Promoter Prediction, BioEdit, Mega7, ProtParam, Phyre
server, 3D LigandSite SMART, MEME and GSDS programs, available online.

Results:

BLASTp analysis revealed that the sequenced gene was identical (100%) to the sequence from
Acyrthosiphon pisum, with 87% identity to Metpolophium dirhodum and 84% identity to Sitobion avenae.
Phylogenetically monocot feeders such as M. dirhodum and S. avenae are in a sister taxa to dicot feeders. In
silico analysis of the sequence revealed that sheath protein has a molecular weight of 144 kDa and 50% of the
protein is composed of only six amino acids, i.e., threonine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine and
tyrosine. The computed IP value revealed that sheath protein is acidic in nature. Ligand binding sites for sheath
protein were predicted on residues 1123 and 1125 (isoleucine and glutamine, respectively). Metallic heterogens
are also present in sheath protein that are iron, zinc and magnesium, respectively.

Conclusion :

It is conceivable that variation in the salivary gene sequences may reveal important biological
information of relevance to the insect-plant interaction. Further exploration of insect salivary proteins, their
composition and structure will provide powerful information, especially when these proteins are interacting with
plant proteins, and specific information about the sheath protein, which is interacting with plants at a
molecular/cellular level, will be important to progress strategies aimed specifically against sucking pests such as
aphids.
Expression Level of MiRNA-126 in Serum Exosomes of Allergic Asthma Patients and Lung Tissues of Asthmatic Mice
Authors: Zhao Meizhen , Li Yu-Pei , Geng Xiao-Rui , Zhao Miao , Ma Shi-Bo , Yang Yu-Huang , Deng Zu-Hui , Luo Li-Mei , Pan Xin-Quan
Published: October 2019

Background:

To investigate MiRNA-126 amounts in serum exosomes from allergic asthma patients as
well as lung tissues of asthmatic mice, evaluating the expression of its target gene DNMT1 in mouse specimens.

Methods:

MiRNA-126 amounts in serum exosomes from asthmatic patients were detected by real-time PCR. The
mouse model of allergic asthma was established by OVA-sensitization, and allergic symptoms were recorded; serum
IL-4 and sIgE level evaluation (ELISA), broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count and H&E staining were
performed to assess airway inflammation. MiRNA-126 and DNMT1 levels in the lung of asthmatic and control mice
were detected by real-time PCR; DNMT1 protein levels were detected by immunoblot.

Results:

MiRNA-126 amounts in peripheral blood exosomes from patients with allergic asthma were significantly
higher than that of healthy volunteers (P<0.05). The frequencies of scratching of both sides of the nose and sneezing
were elevated within 10 min of excitation in asthmatic rats compared with controls. Meanwhile, OVA-sIgE and IL-4
levels were significantly higher in asthmatic animals than controls (P<0.05). In the asthma group, narrowed bronchial
lumen and thickened wall were observed, and bronchial and peripheral vessels showed overt inflammatory cell infiltration.
Eosinophil, neutrophil and mast cell amounts in the BALF of asthmatic mice were significantly higher than
control values. Furthermore, lung miRNA-126 expression in asthmatic mice was significantly higher than that of
controls. Finally, DNMT1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower in asthmatic animals compared with
controls (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

MiRNA-126 is highly expressed in serum exosomes from allergic asthma patients and lung tissues of
asthmatic mice, suggesting that it may be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.
Recent Advances in Inhaled Formulations and Pulmonary Insulin Delivery Systems
Authors: Liu Haofan , Shan Xiaosong , Yu Jiaojiao , Li Xin , Hu Liandong
Published: October 2019

Insulin (INS) therapy played a great role in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes to regulate
blood glucose levels. Although hypodermic injection was commonly used for insulin delivery, it
had some disadvantages such as pain, needle phobia and the risk of infection. Therefore, pulmonary
insulin delivery had been developed as an alternative method to overcome the therapeutic challenges in
recent years since pulmonary insulin administration showed great improvements in rapid action and
circumvention of first-pass hepatic metabolism. This review described the most recent developments in
pulmonary insulin administration. Firstly, the structure and physiology of the lung cavity were introduced.
Next, the advantages and disadvantages of pulmonary administration were discussed. Then
some new dosage forms for pulmonary insulin were investigated including carriers based on surfactants
and carriers based on polymers. Finally, innovate insulin inhalers and formulations were also described.
Actigraphy for Assessing Light Effects on Sleep and Circadian Activity Rhythm in Alzheimer's Dementia: A Narrative Review
Authors: Canazei Markus , Turiaux Julian , Huber Stefan E. , Marksteiner Josef , Papousek Ilona , Weiss Elisabeth M.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is often accompanied by severe sleep problems and circadian rhythm disturbances which may to some extent be attributed to a dysfunction in the biological clock. The 24-h light/dark cycle is the strongest Zeitgeber for the biological clock. People with AD, however, often live in environments with inappropriate photic Zeitgebers. Timed bright light exposure may help to consolidate sleep- and circadian rest/activity rhythm problems in AD, and may be a low-risk alternative to pharmacological treatment.

Objective & Method:

In the present review, experts from several research disciplines summarized the results of twenty-seven light intervention studies which used wrist actigraphy to measure sleep and circadian activity in AD patients.

Results:

Taken together, the findings remain inconclusive with regard to beneficial light effects. However, the considered studies varied substantially with respect to the utilized light intervention, study design, and usage of actigraphy. The paper provides a comprehensive critical discussion of these issues.

Conclusion:

Fusing knowledge across complementary research disciplines has the potential to critically advance our understanding of the biological input of light on health and may contribute to architectural lighting designs in hospitals, as well as our homes and work environments.
Pengaruh Kuat Arus Listrik Pengelasan Terhadap Kekerasan Lapisan Lasan pada Baja ASTM A316
Authors: Prayitno Dody , Hutagalung Harry Daniel , Aji Daisman P.B.
Published: October 2019

Seat and plug are components of control valve that are always in friction contact. The plug usually wears out. One of the efforts in battling this wear is hardfacing, a process of cladding the base metal to increase its surface hardness using SMAW. This research is aimed to investigate the effect of welding current on weld surface hardness. The experiments used stainless steel (ASTM A316) for the plug materials and Stellite 6, which was an electrode with 3.2 mm in diameter, for the filler metal. Flat welding position was used. The current was varied from 120 A to 140 A and then to 160 A. Results of the hardness tests done on the weld surface show that when the welding current was increased from 120 A to 140 A, it increased the surface hardness from 465 HV to 514.7 HV. Subsequent current increase from 140 A to 160 A decreased the surface hardness from 514.7 HV to 423 HV.Sebuah control valve memiliki seat dan plug yang selalu bergesekan, sehingga plug sering mengalami keausan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi keausan dengan cara hardfacing, yaitu penambahan material (cladding) pada logam induk dengan maksud meningkatkan kekerasan permukaan. Penambahan material dapat dilakukan dengan pengelasan SMAW, dimana salah satu parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap kekerasan lapisan lasan adalah besarnya arus listrik pengelasan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh arus listrik pengelasan terhadap kekerasan lapisan lasan. Metode penelitian dimulai dengan menyiapkan baja tahan karat (ASTM A316) digunakan sebagai material plug dan material stillite 6 sebagai material penambah yang berupa berupa elektroda berdiameter 3.2 mm. Pengelasan dengan posisi datar dengan variasi arus pengelasan adalah 120 A, 140 A dan 160 A. Hasil pengujian kekerasan menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan arus lasan dari 120 A ke 140 A meningkatkan kekerasan permukaan lasan  dari 465 HV menjadi 514.7 HV. Peningkatan arus lasan berikutnya dari 140 A ke 160 A menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kekerasan permukaan lasan dari 514.7 HV menjadi 423 HV.
Pengembangan Modul Elektronik Berbasis 3D Pageflip Professional Mata Kuliah Gambar Teknik di Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin
Authors: Nopriyanti Nopriyanti
Published: October 2019

This study aims to: (1) develop an electronic module based on 3D Pageflip Professional for Engineering Drawings course, (2) assess the quality of the electronic modules. The model the research is research and development (R&D). The electronic module was validated by learning media experts and learning material experts. The research subject was the 32 students of mechanical engineering education study program of FKIP UNSRI. The study concludes that: (1) the electronic module that is based on 3D Pageflip Professional for Engineering Drawing Course is appropriate to use for learning process; (2) the quality of the product is very good. The assessment from the experts resulted in a score of 85 for the display aspect (very good), 51 for the learning process aspect (good), and 54 for the learning material aspect. Whereas, from the students, it is 956 (very good) for the display aspect, 684 for the learning process aspect, and 847 for the content aspect (very good)Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan Modul Elektronik Berbasis 3D Pageflip Professional pada mata kuliah Gambar Teknik di Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin, (2) mengetahui kualitas Modul Elektronik Berbasis 3D Pageflip Professional pada mata kuliah Gambar Teknik di Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin FKIP Unsri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D). Validasi modul elektronik ini dilakukan oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Subjek uji coba penelitian ini adalah 32 mahasiswa program studi pendidikan teknik mesin FKIP UNSRI. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) produk modul Elektronik Berbasis 3D Pageflip Professional pada mata kuliah Gambar Teknik layak untuk digunakan; (2) Kualitas produk modul elektronik ini sangat baik, hasil penilaian ahli media dan ahli materi ditinjau dari aspek tampilan 85 (sangat baik), aspek pembelajaran 51 (baik), dan aspek materi 54 (baik). Sedangkan hasil penialaian peserta didik uji coba lapangan pada aspek tampilan sebesar 956 (sangat baik), pada aspek pembelajaran sebesar 684 (sangat baik),  dan pada aspek isi sebesar 847 (sangat baik).
Optimalisasi Uji Tingkat Kompetensi di SMK untuk Meningkatkan Soft Skill Lulusan
Authors: Kartowagiran Badrun
Published: October 2019

Competency level test (UTK) is a specific level competency test conducted by an education unit using a Government standard table of specifications. This is an extra task for the education unit, adding load to an already fully-load unit. Without special attention, it is possible that UTK is merely just a label, and just for routine. For vocational high schools, UTK is carried out through the National Examination which is also the final level of competency test. UTK optimization is an all-out effort to make the UTK instruments and its implementation have high quality standards. This will ensure that the graduates’ qualifications meet the standards and the students also have required soft skills. Efforts in producing high quality UTK test questions are done by tightening of content validity, predictive validity, and the reliability of UTK test questions. The method is called the ICC interrater and Cohen Kappa. The optimization of UTK is able to improve soft skills because the students are encouraged to meet the competency standards of hard work, tenacity, earnest, hard work, responsibility and punctuality.Uji tingkat kompetensi merupakan uji kompetensi pada tingkat tertentu yang dilakukan oleh satuan pendidikan dengan menggunakan kisi-kisi yang disusun oleh Pemerintah. Kegiatan ini menambah tugas bagi satuan pendidikan, sehingga beban sekolah terlalu besar. Apabila tidak ada perhatian khusus, tidak menutup kemungkinan UTK hanya sekedar label, bahkan asal jalan. Untuk SMK, UTK dilakukan melalui UN yang berarti juga merupakan uji kompetensi akhir jenjang. Optimalisasi UTK adalah usaha keras agar instrumen dan pelaksanaan UTK berkualitas tinggi sehingga kualifikasi lulusannya kompetensi pengetahuan dan keterampilan sesuai standar yang telah ditentukan dan memiliki soft skill. Upaya untuk menghasilkan soal UTK yang berkualitas tinggi dilakukan dengan cara memperketat validitas isi, validitas prediktif, dan memperketat reliabilitas soal UTK. Metode yang digunakan yaitu interrater ICC dan Cohen Kappa. Optimalisasi TUK mampu meningkatkan softskill karena siswa didorong lulus sesuai standar kompetensi sehingga siswa didorong lebih ulet, sungguh-sungguh, kerja keras, tanggung jawab dan menghargai waktu.
Uso de curvas de polarización para entender el transporte de iones a través de una membrana de intercambio iónico
Authors: Torres Rodríguez Luz María , Montes Rojas Antonio , Vázquez Rodríguez Guadalupe , Pérez Díaz Estefanía
Published: October 2019

La electrodiálisis es un proceso electroquímico de separación muy usando en la industria y en remoción de contaminantes presentes en agua, por lo que es muy importante entender los fenómenos asociados a este proceso. Sin embargo, se han publicado pocos estudios enfocados a facilitar su comprensión. Por estas razones, en este trabajo se propone emplear curvas de polarización para estudiar cómo afecta al transporte de un ión a través de una membrana de intercambio iónico (MII), la concentración del ión y su carga; y la incrustación de sales insolubles en la membrana.
Fecundidad en la adolescencia: una breve revisión de literatura
Authors: Díaz-Hernández Raymer
Published: October 2019

El contenido de este trabajo resume la literatura existente, tanto en la ciencia económica como en otras disciplinas de las ciencias sociales, relacionada con la fecundidad en la adolescencia en general y para República Dominicana, específicamente. En síntesis, se establecen dos características generales sobre los trabajos de investigación: 1) la fecundidad adolescente es un fenómeno que afecta particularmente a las adolescentes de estratos socioeconómicos más bajos; 2) dados los resultados mixtos sobre las distintas políticas públicas que buscan reducir la fecundidad adolescente, no existe consenso sobre cuál de estas es la mejor. Se concluye con las investigaciones más recientes, que sugieren enfocar las políticas públicas de reducción de la fertilidad en la adolescencia hacia la promoción de estilos de vida distintos a la maternidad, por ejemplo, en la obtención de mayores niveles educativos. También se sugieren posibles temas de estudio relacionados con la fecundidad en la adolescencia en República Dominicana.
Penelantaran Isteri oleh Suami sebagai Sebab Perceraian (Studi Kasus di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Tapaktuan)
Authors: Hanapi Agustin , Risma Bina
Published: October 2019

Salah satu penyebab perceraian adalah penelantaran yang dilakukan oleh suami terhadap isteri sehingga isteri menuntut perceraian di pengadilan. Namun hal ini terjadi di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Tapaktuan dimana ada beberapa kasus penelantaran isteri sehingga menyebabkan perceraian. Berdasaran kasus tersebut Skripsi ini meneliti tentang Penelantaran Isteri Oleh Suami Sebagai Sebab Perceraian. Adapun cara pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah Library research (Penelitian Pustaka), yaitu penelitian dengan mengambil data-data dari kepustakaan. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis melalui metode analisis deskriptif. Adapun penyebab terjadinya penelantaran di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Tapaktuan adalah Mabuk, Meninggalkan salah satu pihak, Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT), Cacat badan, Perselisihan dan pertengkaran terus menerus, Jiwa/Mental, Pihak ketiga, Tidak tanggungjawab dan Ekonomi. Dasar hukum terdapat dalam surat ar-Rum ayat 21, Dan Menurut Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1975, Pasal 19, menyebutkan, salah satunya jika antara suami isteri terus menerus terjadi perselisihan dan pertengkaran dan tidak ada harapan akan hidup rukun dalam rumah tangga dan salah satunya pihak meninggalkan pihak lain selama 2 (dua) tahun berturut-turut tanpa izin pihak lain dan tanpa alasan yang sah atau karena hal lain di luar kemampuannya.
Studi Pemikiran Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah tentang Ḥakam dan Relevansinya dengan Mediasi di Pengadilan Agama
Authors: Hasballah Khairuddin , Rahmadani Rahmadani
Published: October 2019

Ulama berbeda pendapat tentang maksud ḥakam dan otoritasnya dalam ketentuan QS. An-Nisā’ ayat 35 terkait menyelesaikan perselisihan suami-istri. Masalah yang ingin diteliti adalah bagaimana makna ḥakam menurut Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, bagaimana otoritas ḥakam dalam menyelesaikan sengketa suami-istri menurut Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah, dan bagaimana relevansi pemikiran Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah tentang ḥakam dengan mediasi di Pengadilan Agama. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa makna ḥakam menurut Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah yaitu hakim. Maksud ḥakam bukan dimaknai sebagai wakil atau orang kepercayaan dari keluarga laki-laki atau perempuan. Ketentuan QS. An-Nisā’ ayat 35 menunjukkan makna yaitu dua orang ḥakam sebagai hakim yang menyelesaikan perselisihan masing-masing suami-istri. Otoritas ḥakam dalam menyelesaikan sengketa suami-istri  menurut Ibnu Qayyim al-Jauziyyah yaitu diberi kewenangan untuk tetap menyatukan hubungan pernikahan suami-istri yang berselisih, atau bisa juga memutuskan dengan menceraikan keduanya. Terdapat bagian-bagian tertentu yang tampak sama dan relevan antara pemikiran Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah tentang ḥakam dengan konsep mediasi di Pengadilan Agama. Kesamaan dan relevansi keduanya adalah terletak dari pihak yang menjadi juru damai, yaitu sama-sama ditentukan bukan dari pihak keluarga. Namun perbadaannya yaitu terkait dengan otoritas mediator dan ḥakam. Menurut Ibn Qayyim, ḥakam diberi kewenangan untuk memutuskan dengan menceraikan keduanya. Sementara dalam konsep mediasi, seorang mediator hanya bertugas mendamaikan dan tidak ada kewenangan untuk menceraikan.
Putusan Talak Raj’i pada Kasus Poliandri: Analisis Hukum Islam terhadap Putusan Hakim Mahkamah Syar’iyah Jantho Nomor 216/Pdt.G/2015/MS-JTH
Authors: Abbas Syahrizal , Mutia Datul
Published: October 2019

Poliandri adalah sistem perkawinan dimana seorang wanita mempunyai suami lebih dari satu orang dalam waktu bersamaan. Al-qur’an dan Hadits melarang tindakan poliandri. Namun kenyataannya, ditemukan kasus poliandri di kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya cerai talak pada Mahkamah Syari’iyah Jantho dalam putusan Nomor 216/Pdt.G/2015/MS-JTH. Dalam perkara ini suami menceraikan isterinya karena melakukan poliandri.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dasar pertimbangan Hakim dalam memutus talak raj’i karena poliandri. Pada sisi lain, penelitian ini juga menggali pandangan hukum Islam dan hukum positif terhadap perkara talak raj’i karena poliandri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi pustaka (library research). Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa hakim menjatuhkan talak raj’i terhadap isteri yang melakukan poliandri di dasarkan pada larangan Al-quran dan Hadits tentang poliandri. Di samping itu, hakim juga mempertimbangkan kemaslahatan anak Pemohon dan Termohon yang masih dibawah umur yang sangat membutuhkan kasih sayang penuh dari kedua orangtuanya. Tindakan hakim ini sejalan dengan hukum positif dan hukum Islam. Untuk mengantisipasi munculnya praktek poliandri di masyarakat, di sarankan kepada  pihak KUA dan tokoh agama agar memberikan pembinaan dan bimbingan perkawinan sehingga tidak terjadi pelanggaran hukum. Di sarankan juga kepada pemerintah untuk membuat regulasi yang dapat mencegah munculnya hukum poliandri dan mengatur hukuman kepada pelaku poliandri.
Istrian and Dalmatian Towns – Urban Space and the Elites
Authors: Mlacović Dušan , Mogorović Crljenko Marija , Doblanović Šuran Danijela
Published: October 2019

The authors focus on the issue of urban elites in two Adriatic cities, Rab and Rovinj, which differ in their origins and development alike. Rab is an ancient civitas, while Rovinj was classified as a terra in the Venetian administrative system. The two cities also differ in the amount of their preserved written sources. Whereas the medieval sources for Rovinj are only sporadic, for Rab there are a number of notarial books from the late Middle Ages, which allows for a different approach to the spatial identification of urban elites than in Rovinj’s case. Based on the available sources, the paper compares the development, significance, and status of urban elites in both cities
Economic Consequences of Corporate Governance Disclosure: Evidence from the 2006 SEC Regulation on Related-Party Transactions
Authors: Hope Ole-Kristian , Lu Haihao (Ross)
Published: October 2019

This paper examines economic consequences of a 2006 Securities and Exchange Commission regulation that mandated public firms to disclose their governance policies on related-party transactions (RPTs). Employing hand-collected RPT data for S&P 1500 firms, we find that the initiation of RPT governance disclosure significantly reduces the occurrence of RPTs, and that the reduction in RPTs is negatively associated with the implied cost of capital (ICC) and positively related to Tobin's Q. These effects are more pronounced for low-monitored firms and for firms with RPTs that are more likely to be opportunistic. We further find that firms with a formal written policy, a designated committee to review and approve RPTs, or more extensive disclosure on RPT governance benefit in terms of lower ICC.
Detection of Flagellin Gene of Enteric Isolates of Salmonella typhi Using PCR in Baghdad Governorate
Authors: Khazaal Saba saadoon
Published: October 2019

The study was conducted to study the virulence gene (Flagellin gene) of Salmonella typhi. Stool samples were collected from adults patients, their age ranging from (15 – 60 ) years of the both sexes who suffering from diarrhea and visited AL- Yrmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Governorate for the period between March to September 2017. The samples were transferred in cold boxes to the laboratory. In order to confirm the diagnosis, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was tested to diagnose the Flagellin gene responsible for the virulence of the bacteria. We conclude from the present study that flagellin gene in S. typhi is responsible for pathogenicity in this bacteria.
anemia as public health problem among child under five years age
Authors: Ahmed Shatha
Published: October 2019

Anemia has a serious consequences effects on child growth, development, and survival. Analytical, cross-sectional, non-probability co nvenient study done with sampling of 240 children aged less than five years (6-60 months) which was conducted in five primary health care centers in Al-Resafa sector and two pediatric hospitals in Baghdad city (Central child hospital and Ibn Al-Baldi hospital). The study started from 1st March till 31 of August 2017. The data was collected by direct interview with parent using special questionnaire to obtain information. The results of the study revealed that the age of child is known to be a important and a significant factor associated with anemia 38.3% of the anemic child were at 13-24 months age, 56.3% were male, 60.9% mother age were ≥ 20, 35.8% of mother had primary degree of education, 77.5% of them were unemployed, 68.7% had anemia during pregnancy, 45.8% of family income of anemic child were intermediate, 64.2% of family drinking untreated water, 59.6% had pad sewage system, 73.7% of them sometime eating meat and egg. The study showed no significant differences between anemia in children and anthropometric measures. Other results showed that 69.5% of child had continuous breast feeding, 81.7% had no history of cow milk consumption, 40.8% given complementary feeding at age of > 4 months, 74.2% had no history of consumption of fortified milk. Regarding causes of anemia iron deficiency was the major causes in 67.9% of child under five years age