bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fanless, Porous graphene-copper composite heat sink for micro devices
Authors: Rho Hokyun , Jang Yea Sol , Bae Hyojung , Cha An-Na , Lee Sang Hyun , Ha Jun-Seok
Published: April 2021

Thermal management in devices directly affects their performance, but it is difficult to apply conventional cooling methods such as the use of cooling liquids or fans to micro devices owing to the small size of micro devices. In this study, we attempted to solve this problem by employing a heat sink fabricated using copper with porous structures consisting of single-layer graphene on the surface and graphene oxide inside the pores. The porous copper/single-layer graphene/graphene oxide composite (p-CuGrGO) had a porosity of approximately 35%, and the measured pore size was approximately 10 to 100 µm. The internal GO was reduced at a temperature of 1000 ℃. On observing the heat distribution in the structure using a thermal imaging camera, we could observe that the p-CuGrGO was conducting heat faster than the p-Cu, which was consistent with the simulation. Furthermore, the thermal resistance of p-CuGrGO was lower than those of the p-Cu and pure Cu. When the p-CuGrGO was fabricated into a heat sink to mount the light emitting diode (LED) chip, the measured temperature of the LED was 31.04 ℃, which was less than the temperature of the pure Cu of 40.8 ℃. After a week of being subjected to harsh conditions, p-CuGrGO observed 95.24% light intensity, but the light intensity of pure Cu decreased to 66.04%. The results of this study are expected to be applied to micro devices for their effective thermal management.
Chronic COVID-19 / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) following the first pandemic wave in Germany and biomarkers associated with symptom severity
Authors: Kedor Claudia , Freitag Helma , Meyer-Arndt Lil , Wittke Kirsten , Hanitsch Leif , Zoller Thomas , Steinbeis Fridolin , Milan Haffke , Rudolf Gordon , Heidecker Bettina , Bobbert Thomas , Spranger Joachim , Heidecke Harald , Volk Hans-Dieter , Skurk Carsten , Paul Friedemann , Behrends Uta , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Scheibenbogen Carmen
Published: April 2021

A subset of patients has long-lasting symptoms after mild to moderate COVID-19. In a prospective observational cohort study we analysed clinical and laboratory parameters in 42 patients (29 female/13 male, median age 36.5 years) with persistent moderate to severe fatigue and exertion intolerance six months following COVID-19 referred to as Chronic COVID-19 Syndrome (CCS). Most patients were moderately to severely impaired in daily live. 19 patients fulfilled the 2003 Canadian Consensus Criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome referred to as CFS/CCS. Hand grip strength (HGS) was diminished in most patients. Association of several biomarker with key symptoms of physical and mental fatigue and post exertional malaise indicate low level inflammation and hypoperfusion as potential pathomechanisms.
Nanoparticles derived from insect exoskeleton modulates NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation in cervical cancer cell line model
Authors: Chakraborty Rituparna , Bose Ujjal , Pawaskar Goutam Mohan , Rao Satish BS , raval Ritu
Published: April 2021

Background: Immune evasion is an important hallmark of cancer progression and tumourigenesis. Among the cancer types, cervical cancer has very high global prevalence, severely affecting female reproductive health. Its preponderance is also observed in the Indian health sector. Results: The NLRP3 inflammasome, an intracellular complex regulates the innate immune activity and a variant gene of it has been significantly associated with cervical cancer development. We aimed to evaluate the potential role of our chitosan engineered nanoparticles (CSNP) and gallic acid conjugated chitosan (gCSNP), to modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex in cervical cancer cell lines to explore their novel physicochemical properties. The encapsulation of gallic acid (GA) with chitosan was performed using ion gelation method. The CSNP and gCSNP nanoparticles ranged between 155 - 181 nm as determined by zeta sizer. The conjugations were validated by FTIR and XRD analysis. In the cervical cell line model, CSNP suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in contrast to gCSNP at higher doses. Conclusion: In contrast to gCSNP, the CSNP not only demonstrated inhibitory effect on the expression of genes coding for the NLRP3 inflammasome complex (signal 1 – priming) but also decreased relative expression of gene involved in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex (signal 2 – activation). Conjugation of gallic acid reversed the immunosuppressor mimicking action of CSNP in cervical cancer cell line. Future research can reveal the immunomodulatory mechanism of CSNP may have its translational significance as potential treatment strategies targeting immune evasion as an important hallmark of cancer.
Integrative Bioinformatic and Functional Analyses of Potential Genes in Female Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Xianghai , Wang Hanli , Chen Xingwu , Lv Tangfeng
Published: April 2021

Objective: To explore the pathogenesis and prognostic biomarkers of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in female patients via a bioinformatic analysis and functional prediction of potential NSCLC-associated genes in females. Methods: Data for female patients with NSCLC were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. The DAVID online database was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, and STRING online software was used to perform protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. Next, the plug-in (M-CODE) was used to screen the key DEGs; the Oncomine database was analysed for IL6, EGF and MMP9 expression in NSCLC tissues and normal lung tissues and the Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to perform prognostic analyses of key DEGs. Finally, RT-PCR was used to verify the expression of key DEG in NSCLC cells. Results: A total of 500 DEGs were screened, and the functional and pathway enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly involved in cell proliferation, cell migration, and vasculature development regulation. The KEGG analysis showed that the pathways were primarily related to ECM-receptor interactions, protein digestion and absorption, and leukocyte transendothelial migration signalling. Three key DEGs were obtained by the PPI network analysis: IL6, EGF and MMP9. The expression of IL6 was low in NSCLC tissues, while that of EGF and MMP9 was high. IL6 and EGF may be biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of female patients with NSCLC. Compared with human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE), EGF and MMP-9 were high expressed in NSCLC cells. Conclusion: In female patients, IL6, EGF and MMP9 may be research targets for characterizing the pathogenesis of NSCLC, and IL6 and EGF may be biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of this cancer.
Dispatcher-assisted, compression-only bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation does not improve the outcomes of unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: An observational study with component analysis of rescue breath combination and dispatcher-assisted instruction
Authors: Ito Yoshinori , Inaba Hideo , Ushimoto Tomoyuki , Morita Hideki , Murasaka Kenshi , Wato Yukihiro
Published: April 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the effects of rescue breath and chest compression combinations in bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) with and without dispatch-assisted CPR (DA) on the outcomes between unwitnessed and bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).Design and Settings: This retrospective study analysed the prospectively collected data of 212,003 unwitnessed and 117,920 bystander-witnessed OHCA cases between 2014 and 2016 in Japan, with BCPR classification based on two clinical components (DA provision [with or without DA] and combination of breaths and compressions [standard or compression-only]).Main outcome measures: Neurologically favourable outcome at 1 monthResults: In univariate analysis, unwitnessed cases had no significant association of BCPR with the overall neurologically favourable outcome (provided vs not provided, 0.65% [686/106,152] vs 0.66% [694/105,851]) compared with bystander-witnessed cases (5.6% [3,538/62,814] vs 3.5% [1,911/55,106]). After BCPR classification by two clinical components, the outcome of unwitnessed cases was improved by standard BCPR with DA (0.88% [69/7,807], adjusted OR; 95% CI, 1.38; 1.05–1.81) and compression-only (1.04% [161/15,497], 1.49;1.23–1.80) and standard (1.18% [41/3,463], 1.71; 1.21–2.43) BCPR without DA, but not by compression-only BCPR with DA (0.52% [415/79,385], 0.88; 0.76–1.01). According to multivariable logistic regression analysis focusing on the two clinical components only in cases with BCPR, neurologically favourable outcomes were worse in DA provision (0.76; 0.60–0.97) but better in standard BCPR, (1.27; 1.01–1.60) without significant interaction (P = 0.16), in unwitnessed cases. In bystander-witnessed cases, DA provision was associated with better outcomes (1.27; 1.01–1.60), with significant interaction (P = 0.03).Conclusions: Compared with no BCPR, compression-only BCPR with DA does not improve the neurologically favourable outcomes, and standard BCPR without DA is ideal in unwitnessed OHCA cases. Education on standard CPR and chest compression-only CPR as an option should be maintained because numerous OHCA cases are not witnessed by bystanders.
Effect of a Precision Cryotherapy Device With Temperature- Adjustability on Mice With Lysophosphatidic Acid-Induced Pruritus
Authors: Kwack Mi Hee , Lee Seongjin , jung Han Jin , Ha Gi Ung , Kim Gun-Ho , Lee Weon Ju
Published: April 2021

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is known to cause a significant adverse impact on the quality of life of patients. Reducing chronic itch that has a complex mechanism is one of the most important challenges in AD treatment.Objective: To evaluate the effect of a temperature-adjustable cryotherapy device on mice with lysophosphatidic acid-induced pruritus.Methods: A temperature and time-adjustable cryotherapy device was used for the treatment of lysophosphatidic acid-induced pruritus of mice in the following conditions: −5℃, 0℃, or 5℃ for 5 sec, 10 sec, or 20 sec. Expression of itch-related biomarkers before and after modulation of temperature was investigated with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry.Results: Expression of itch-related biomarkers was decreased after modulation of temperature. For gene expression, all were decreased at 5℃ for 10 sec and 20 sec, and at 0℃ for 5 sec, 10 sec, and 20 sec. For protein expression, all were decreased at 5℃ for 10 sec and 20 sec, and at 0℃ for 5 sec and 10 sec.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the pruritus-relieving effect of the temperature-adjustable device on mice. This may provide some evidence for future studies on patients with mild AD.
Nurses’ experiences of the causes of their lack of interest in working in psychiatric wards: a qualitative study
Authors: Rahmani Narges , Mohammadi Eesa , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud
Published: April 2021

Background:The shortage of psychiatric nurses is a major healthcare challenge. Lack of interest (LOI) is a significant factor contributing to the shortage of psychiatric nurses. Nonetheless, there are limited studies in this area. The present study was conducted to explore nurses’ experiences of the causes of their LOI in working in psychiatric wards.Methods:This qualitative study was conducted in 2016–2019 using the content analysis approach. Participants were 27 nurses purposively recruited with maximum variation from the psychiatric wards of three referral hospitals in Iran. Data were collected via unstructured interviews and were concurrently analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach recommended by Graneheim and Lundman.Results:The causes of participants’ LOI in working in psychiatric wards were grouped into three main categories, namely inadequate professional skills for psychiatric care practice, negative public attitude towards psychiatric nurses, and concerns over patients.Conclusion: This study suggests that the causes of nurses’ LOI in working in psychiatric wards are not only personal, but also social and organizational. Findings help managers and authorities develop strategies to increase psychiatric nurses’ interest in working in psychiatric wards through improving their work conditions and professional knowledge and skills.
Green Anionic polymerization of vinyl acetate using Maghnite-Na + (Algerian MMT): Synthesis characterization and reactional mechanism
Authors: Cherifi Badia Imene , Belbachir Mohammed , Rahmouni Abdelkader
Published: April 2021

In this work, the green polymerization of vinyl acetate is carried out by a new method which consists in the use of clay called Maghnite-Na + as an ecological catalyst, non-toxic, inexpensive and recyclable by simple filtration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that Maghnite-Na + is successfully obtained after cationic treatment (sodium) on raw Maghnite. It is an effective alternative to replace toxic catalysts such as benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) which are mostly used during the synthesis of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) making the polymerization reaction less problematic for the environment. The synthesis reaction is less energetic by the use of recycled polyurethane as container for the reaction mixture and which is considered as a renewable material and a good thermal insulator which maintains the temperature at 0°C for 6h. The reaction in bulk is also preferred to avoid the use of a solvent and therefore to stay in the context of green chemistry. In these conditions, the structure of obtained polymer is established by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is also used to confirm the structure of PVAc. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that it is thermally stable and it starts to degrade from 330°C while Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that this polymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg = 50°C). The composition in PVAc/maghnite-Na+ (7wt% of catalyst) is the most tensile resistant with a force of 182 N and a maximum stress of 73.16 MPa, the most flexible (E = 955 MPa) and the most ductile (εr = 768 %)
Surgery to Remove Adrenocortical Oncocytic Carcinoma from an Asian Male with Scoliosis
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Huang Kai , Wang Yehua , Liu Dan , Gu Xiao
Published: April 2021

Background: Adrenocortical oncocytoma is a rare type of adrenocortical carcinoma. Its clinical characteristics and biological behaviour need to be further evaluated after the accumulation of cases.Case presentation: We report a case of adrenocortical oncocytic carcinoma in an Asian male with scoliosis. We performed an operation on this patient. Because the patient's scoliosis was limited during the operation and the tumor protruded into the chest, we decided to adopt open surgery in the supine position. During the operation, we found a tumor about 8 cm in diameter in the right adrenal region. There was local adhesion with the surrounding tissues. The surface blood vessels of the tumor were distended. After careful dissection and ligation of the blood vessels around the tumor, the adrenal tumor was completely dissociated and removed. The patient recovered well, and his hypertension was controlled after surgery. Pathological results confirmed the diagnosis of adrenocortical oncocytic carcinoma. Pathological features showed that the tumor cells were arranged in nests, with pathological mitosis, abundant cytoplasm, eosinophilia, and invasion of adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry showed that Ki67 index was more than 15%. Conclusions: The incidence rate of eosinophilic adrenocortical carcinoma is very low. CT scans and other imaging examination methods are not specific. For larger adrenal tumors, the diagnosis of this disease should be considered. For patients with adrenal cortical carcinoma who have not yet metastasized, we can achieve sound treatment effects and reduce recurrence by removing the tumor, retroperitoneal fat around the tumor and locoregional lymph nodes.
Assessing the validity of a cross-platform retinal image segmentation tool in normal and diseased retina
Authors: Alex Varsha , Motevasseli Tahmineh , Freeman William , Jayamon Jefy A , Bartsch Dirk , Borooah Shyamanga
Published: April 2021

Purpose-

To compare automated retinal image segmentation using cross-platform and proprietary software on images captured using Heidelberg HRA + OCT in normal and diseased eyes.
Methods-

Study of retinal layer segmentations of normal, intermediate dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (iAMD) and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) eyes performed using Heidelberg Spectralis HRA + OCT and automated OCT segmentation software Orion.
Results-

Orion was significantly better than Heidelberg in the segmentation of NFL and INL layers in normal eyes. Orion generated significantly better segmentation only for NFL in iAMD and for INL and OPL layers in DME eyes when compared to the ‘gold standard’ of manual segmentation. To understand where differences lay, we directly compared layer volumes between Orion and Heidelberg software. In normal eyes, all retinal layer volumes calculated by the two softwares were moderate-strongly correlated except OUTLY. In iAMD eyes, GCIPL, INL, ONL, INLY, TRV layer volumes were moderate-strongly correlated between softwares. In eyes with DME, all layer volume values were moderate-strongly correlated between softwares.
Conclusion

- Findings suggest that cross-platform Orion retinal layer segmentation software can be used reliably to study the retinal layers and compares well against manual segmentation and the commonly used proprietary software for normal eyes and in particular for diseased eyes.
Identification of Autophagy-Related Risk Signatures for the Prognosis, Diagnosis, and Targeted Therapy in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Dan Meng , Jin Hua , Zhang Xing , Yan Wenjing , Xia Qianqian , Shen Siyuan , Xie Shuqian , Cui Mengjing , Ding Bong , Gu Yun , Wang Shizhi
Published: April 2021

Background
To rummage autophagy-related prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in cervical cancer (CC).
Methods
The RNA-sequence and clinical information were from the TCGA and GTEx databases. We operated Cox regression to determine signatures related to overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) respectively. The diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness of prognostic biomarkers were further explored.
Results
We identified nine (VAMP7, MTMR14, ATG4D, KLHL24, TP73, NAMPT, CD46, HGS, ATG4C) and three risk signatures (SERPINA1, HSPB8, SUPT20H) with prognostic values for OS and RFS respectively. Six risk signatures (ATG4C、ATG4D、CD46、TP73、SERPINA1、HSPB8) were selected for qPCR. We screened five prognostic signatures(ATG4C, CD46, HSPB8, MTMR14, NAMPT) with diagnostic function through the GEO database. Correlation between our models and treatment targets certificated the prognostic score provided a reference for precision medicine.
Conclusions
We constructed OS and RFS prognostic models in CC. Autophagy-related risk signatures might serve as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
“LCAT Deficiency: a Systematic Review With the Clinical and Genetic Description of Mexican Kindred”
Authors: Mehta Roopa , Elías-López Daniel , Martagon Alexandro J. , Pérez-Méndez Oscar A , Sánchez Maria Luisa Ordóñez , Segura Yayoi , Tusié-Luna Maria Teresa , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
Published: April 2021

Background: LCAT deficiency is characterized by two distinct phenotypes, familial LCAT deficiency (FLD) and Fish Eye disease (FED). In this study the results of the first systematic review evaluating the ethnic distribution of LCAT deficiency are shown, with particular emphasis on Latin America with discussion of three Mexican-Mestizo probands. Methods:A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA Statement in Pubmed and SciELO. Articles which described subjects with LCAT deficiency syndromes and an assessment of the ethnic group to which the subject pertained, were considered for analysis. Results:The systematic review revealed 215 cases (154 FLD, 41 FED and 20 unclassified) pertaining to 33 ethnic/racial groups. There was no association between genetic alteration and ethnicity. The mean age of diagnosis was 42 ± 16.5 years, with FED identified later than FLD (55 ± 13.8 vs. 41 ± 14.7 years respectively). The prevalence of premature coronary heart disease was significantly greater in FED vs. FLD. In Latin America, 48 cases of LCAT deficiency have been published from six countries (Argentina (1 unclassified), Brazil (38 FLD), Chile (1 FLD), Columbia (1 FLD), Ecuador (1 FLD) and Mexico (4 FLD, 1 FED and 1 unclassified). Of the Mexican probands, one showed a novel LCAT mutation. Conclusion: The systematic review shows that LCAT deficiency syndromes are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. No association was confirmed between ethnicity and LCAT mutation. There was a significantly greater risk of premature coronary artery disease in FED compared to FLD. In FLD, the emphasis should be in preventing both cardiovascular disease and the progression of renal disease, while in FED, cardiovascular risk management should be the priority. The LCAT mutations discussed in this article are the only ones reported in the Mexican- Amerindian population.
Developing Patient Safety Standards for Quality Improvement in the NICUs: A Mixed-Methods Protocol
Authors: Shahkolahi Zahra , Irajpour Alireza , Jafari-Mianaei Soheila , Heidarzadeh Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Background

Neonatal intensive care unit is one of the accident-prone environments in the health care system. A range of structural and process factors threaten hospitalized infant safety in this unit. These factors are prevented by identifying safety needs and taking the right actions. In this regard, some countries in the world have developed standards. Developing standards based on current knowledge, available resources, and context that provide care, determine patient injury prevention requirements. Likewise, it can be a source for national development and application of guidelines, protocol, and laws. This study aims to develop patient safety standards in the Neonatal intensive care units of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Methods

This mixed methods study will apply the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment framework to develop patient safety standards. The first three phases are the focus of this study. Due to investigating the long-term effects, it doesn't consider Phase 4(Sustainment). In each of these phases, a set of activities takes place. Designing Phase 1 (Exploration) is based on the World health organization model to develop standards. Determining the validity and applicability of developing standards will be done in Phase2 (preparation) and Phase 3 (implementation), respectively.
Discussion

Patient safety standards from this study are developed based on valid evidence and a comprehensive theoretical view. Additionally, considering parents' roles and the interdisciplinary experts' views in the neonatal intensive care unit. In this regard, determining the minimum requirements to maintain patient safety and developing evidence-based practice will be improved efficiency and effectiveness and contributed to equitable and higher quality health care delivery. The application of developing standards will be improving patient safety and quality of health care in the neonatal intensive care units of Iran.
Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block as A Postoperative Analgesia for Total Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Mohamed Haytham El Sayed , Najar Fadheela Al , Awad Mohamed Nasr , Hassan Faten M
Published: April 2021

Background and aim: Total Abdominal Hysterectomy is a major invasive abdominal surgery which is accompanied with severe postoperative pain. Multimodal analgesia techniques can provide efficient analgesics coverage with minimal side effects, Quadratus Lumborum Block is an abdominal wall block which gives a good analgesic effect for abdominal surgery with lower pain score and less opioids requirements.Case presentation: A 67 years old female was scheduled to undergo total abdominal hysterectomy surgery, she had comorbidities; morbid obesity, bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, and hypothyroidism. We performed General Anesthesia and by the end of surgery, a Quadratus Lumborum Block was done ultrasound-guided technique.Conclusion: We successfully performed Quadratus Lumborum Block bilaterally which was able to provide a sufficient analgesic effect for Total Abdominal Hysterectomy surgery, giving our patient the opportunity of early ambulation and avoiding opioids side effects especially the respiratory adverse effect.
The effect of intravenous ketamine and pethidine on postoperative shivering in surgical patients under general anesthesia in Tikur anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Ganamo Geresu Gebeyehu , Girma Betelihem
Published: April 2021

Background

Postanesthesia shivering is one of the potential complications of anesthesia which may increase patient morbidity. Various methods have been employed to control postoperative shivering. This study assessed the effectiveness of prophylactic low-dose intravenous ketamine and pethidine for postoperative shivering after general anesthesia.
Methods and materials:

This prospective cohort study recruited 76 ASA I and II patients aged 18–65 years old and underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were grouped based on either ketamine 0.5mg/kg or pethidine 0.5 mg/kg having been administered by the anaesthetist in charge as a prophylaxis for postoperative shivering 20 minutes before completion of the surgery. The incidence and severity of postoperative shivering were compared between the two groups every 10 minutes until one hour postoperatively. The side effects of the study drugs were also compared between the two groups in the recovery room. Categorical data were analyzed with the Chi-Square test. Parametric and nonparametric data between the groups were analyzed using independent samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results

The incidence of shivering between the ketamine and pethidine groups was 11(28.2%) and 14(35.9%), respectively (p = 0.467). The severity of shivering was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.893). The occurrence of nausea and vomiting and sedation attributed to the drugs was significantly less in the ketamine group (p < 0.05). PACU stay duration and occurrence of hallucinations among the groups were comparable. (p > 0.05)
Conclusion and Recommendation:

This study revealed administering low-dose IV ketamine (0.5mg/kg) 20 minutes before completion of surgery reduced postoperative shivering as nearly equally as pethidine. The study also showed clinically better outcomes in favor of ketamine since it was associated with fewer side effects. Thus, we recommend low-dose IV ketamine 20 minutes before completion of surgery under general anesthesia to prevent postoperative shivering.
Simple efficient bounds for arcsine and arctangent functions
Authors: Bagul Yogesh J. , Dhaigude Ramkrishna M.
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to present new, simple and sufficiently sharp bounds for arcsine and arctangent functions. Some of the bounds are computationally efficient while others are efficient to approximate the integrals Int_{a}^{b} (arcsin x)/x dx and Int_{a}^{b} (arctan x)/x dx. As a matter of interest, several other sharp and generalized inequalities for (arcsin x)/x and (arctan x)/x are also established which are efficient to give some known and other trigonometric inequalities
Agriculture Adaptation to Consequences of Global Climate Changes
Authors: Galkin D. G.
Published: April 2021

The goal of the article is to work out recommendations aimed at providing sustainability of agriculture development on the level of national economy in conditions of changing climate. The agriculture development within the frames of traditional approach can be studied in two aspects: as a sector subjected to the global climate change impact; as a sector promoting climate change due to greenhouse gas emission. The authors showed that in regard to present trends scientific recommendations aimed at agriculture adaptation to climate changes are the most significant for Russia. On the basis of provided concepts they identified key lines in the said adaptation: to develop innovation connected with adaptation to consequences of climate changes; to upgrade the system of agro-insurance; to use methods of organic food production; to monitor and appraise adaptation of agriculture to climate changes; to introduce strategic planning of sustainable development and location of agricultural production. These lines should be realized on the basis of integrity, strategic orientation and scientific support of agricultural production. These lines can stabilize the level of key parameters of the sector in the long-term perspective.
Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Shaping Social Behavior in Higher School
Authors: Korotkov A. V.
Published: April 2021

The goal of the research is to attract attention to the problem of upbringing and to the necessity of improving theoretical and methodological support of the process of social upbringing of students in higher school oriented to shaping social behavior of students directly in the education institution that corresponds to the cultural level, standards and rules of this education institution. Legislative acts and academic publications concerning learners’ upbringing were used as sources of information. Certain categories and notions used in researching social upbringing and behavior have not been completely shaped, thus the present investigation was based on scientific methodology, which includes as one of its sections improvement and concretization of conceptual and categorical apparatus in this field of science. During the research in order to describe the process of shaping social behavior in higher school the authors used systematic, cybernetic approach implying modeling of the upbringing process in the form of model of managing the process of learner’s socialization assuming demand setting, monitoring results and correction of management by feedback. The research used elements of planning with development of the list of tasks and events aimed at managing the process of social behavior of student. As a result the conceptual and categorical apparatus was specified and formulated, which is necessary to describe the process of student’s socialization in education institutions, including such notions as social upbringing, socialization, social behavior, organizational behavior, behavior discipline, behavior code, behavior culture, organizational discipline; the model of managing the process of shaping social behavior of student was worked out in the form of the system with feedback; the list of tasks and events was developed to support the process of managing social behavior with assessment of their applicability in current situation. The obtained results can form the foundation for developing the mechanism of managing social behavior in university and can be used not only in higher school but also in other education institutions.
Viral Molecular Testing of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Adults with Suspected Central Nervous System Infection in an Italian University Hospital Laboratory: A Retrospective Study on 1462 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Basso Monica , Zago Daniela , Pozzetto Irene , Del Vecchio Claudia , Franchin Elisa , Dal Bello Federico , Pagni Silvana , . Maria , Biasolo Angela , Manganelli Riccardo , Palù Giorgio , Parisi Saverio Giuseppe
Published: April 2021

Background:

Generally, about half of the patients with central nervous system infections cases remain unexplained. Therefore, we aimed to describe which viruses were detected in unselected patients with a suspected central nervous system infection and the first diagnostic workflow in a university hospital laboratory.

Methods:

A comprehensive virus testing in cerebrospinal fluid with an in-house real-time PCR method was employed. Determining how many and which viruses to test was at the full discretion of the treating physician.

Results:

1462 patients were evaluated from 2011 to 2017 and 9 898 viral PCRs were made: 176 subjects (12%) had a positive result. There was great heterogeneity in the frequency of patients tested for each virus, ranging from 97.9% (1431 out of 1462) for herpes simplex virus (HSV) to 1.9% (28 out of 1462) for Parvovirus B19, positive in 1 patient. Enterovirus (EV) was the leading virus detected: the frequency was higher with respect to HSV (5.2% vs 2.4%, p=0.0004), varicella-zoster virus (VZV)(5.2% vs 2.9%, p=0.0052), human herpesvirus-6 (5.2% vs 1.7%, p=0.0014) and human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7)(5.2% vs 2.5%, p=0.0406). Both VZV (83.5%) and HSV (97.9%) were tested significantly more than EV (68.7%, p<0.0001) and HHV-7 (24.1%, p<0.0001): the latter had a positivity comparable to HSV and it was detected in younger patients (median age 29 years), as for EV (median age 35 years). There was no difference found in the age of positive subjects with respect to negative ones for the other viruses tested.

Conclusion:

EV was the fifth virus frequently included in the diagnostic workflow but the most frequently detected, mostly in subjects aged less 40, as HHV-7 was. Testing these two viruses in all younger patients could reduce the number of unknown etiology.
Ensino remoto: espaço de conexões em tempo de pandemia
Authors: Nogueira Janaina
Published: April 2021

Apresentar os principais desafios encontrados em 2020 durante o ensino remoto não é uma tarefa simples, uma vez que ainda estamos inseridos nesse contexto diferente da sociedade mundial. Pensar em resultados é algo prematuro. Conseguimos solucionar situações imediatas, mas não alcançamos o modelo ideal, pois com o passar dos dias fomos apenas nos organizando conforme as necessidades.  Contudo, iniciamos pesquisas que nos permitiram modificar as práticas pedagógicas. Nesse cenário, fomos “obrigados” a conhecer ferramentas digitais que há tempos já faziam parte do cotidiano dos alunos, mas estavam em processo de inserção nas atividades de aula. Sair da zona de conforto e reformular as aulas em propostas inovadoras e eficientes tem sido um processo desafiador, mas precisamos nos conectar. Trabalhar com ferramentas digitais, como os aplicativos Padlet e Kahoot, são exemplos positivos de práticas que favorecem a interação no ensino remoto. Assim, todo trabalho desenvolvido deve-se também ao apoio das equipes técnico-pedagógica das instituições de ensino às quais presto serviço, principalmente aos meus professores do curso de Mestrado do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Letras (PROFLETRAS), os quais me apresentaram a diversas práticas inovadoras de ensino e aprendizagem.
Formação de professores em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Alexandre Weiler Jaqueline Maria , Taborda Francieli Carvalho
Published: April 2021

A carga horária de trabalho dos professores no Brasil é muito elevada, e o tempo destinado em Lei para a formação continuada, apesar de existir, na prática não acontece com a qualidade que deveria por conta de inúmeros fatores. Entre esses fatores, está a dificuldade em reunir os professores para realizar a formação em grupo. Entretanto, durante o tempo de pandemia, foi criada a oportunidade de resolver o dilema da falta de tempo, tendo os aplicativos de reuniões remotas como solução para o problema crônico da dificuldade de conciliar os horários de todos. Sendo assim, este relato de experiência apresenta como um grupo de professores de uma instituição de Educação Infantil pública municipal, de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil, aproveitou o tempo de distanciamento social, imposto pela pandemia de COVID19, para começar a solucionar, no ambiente virtual, o problema da formação de professores. As narrativas da equipe, retiradas da plataforma virtual, apontam para a importância de um programa de formação continuada que dê conta das especificidades de cada instituição. Os excelentes resultados da experiência on-line evidenciam para a importância de se repensar espaços e tempos para que, de fato, os processos formativos sejam efetivados.
Flora del bosque tropical caducifolio en una zona con suelos yesosos y calcáreos de Colima, México
Authors: Harker Mollie , Hernández-López Leticia , Muñiz Castro Miguel Angel
Published: April 2021

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La microcuenca La Salada, ubicada al centro-sur de Colima, cubierta por bosque tropical caducifolio (BTC) sobre sustratos yesosos (74.5%) y calcáreos (25.5%), fue explorada por el eminente botánico Rogers McVaugh para la Flora Novo-Galiciana. Sin embargo, solo parte del material colectado ha estado disponible. El objetivo del trabajo fue documentar la diversidad de plantas vasculares de la zona, para evidenciar su relevancia biológica.
Métodos: Se realizaron una revisión bibliográfica y de material de herbario (IBUG y MICH) y colectas de campo para integrar la lista florística. Complementariamente se revisaron bases de datos electrónicas (IBdata y GBIF) para obtener registros de colectas en sitios de Colima con características ecológicas similares al área muestreada. Para comparar la diversidad del área con la de otros sitios con BTC se calculó el índice de diversidad taxonómica (IDT).
Resultados clave: Se registraron 408 taxones, 248 géneros y 78 familias de la flora de BTC de sustratos yesoso-calcáreos de Colima. Se presentan dos apéndices, uno se basa en registros del área muestreada por los autores y otro en registros de otras áreas yesoso-calcáreas de Colima obtenidos de bases de datos. Del área muestreada se registraron 368 taxones (incluyendo 16 infraespecíficos) de 233 géneros y 75 familias. Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae y Convolvulaceae son las familias más representadas (48% de los taxones). Los géneros más diversos son Euphorbia (13), Bursera (ocho), Ipomoea (siete) y Tillandsia (seis). De las especies registradas 39% (144) son endémicas de México y el área constituye la localidad tipo de 23. Se anotan 11 taxones no registrados antes para el estado de Colima. El valor IDT fue de 330.35 especies/ln área.
Conclusiones: La alta diversidad florística y endemismo de la zona, y la singularidad del sustrato yesoso, merecen la conservación de estos ecosistemas que están siendo impactados en Colima.
Examples of financing innovative projects
Authors: Wodzyńska Joanna , Czyżewski Rafał
Published: April 2021

This article was written in order to characterize the innovative activity of enterprises in terms of its financing sources. Obtaining sufficient fundsis a basic requirement for undertaking any investment activ- ity and it largely determines the further investment process and related decisions. An analysis of the available sources of financing indicates the interdependence between the innovation’s subject area and the structure of its financing. The functioning of two selected companies dealing with the implementation of innovative products will serve as an illustration of both the theoretical and practical aspects of financing innovative projects. Design and methodology The paper hypothesizes that the financing of modern innovations requires flexible conditions and high level of capital,as verified by literature review and analysis of innovative products and companies. The article consists of three parts. The first defines the concept of innovation and characterizes individual types of innovation: technological, organizational and social. Also discussed are the characteristic features of the phenomenon of innovation, the conditions shaping itand the impact it has on economic growth. The second part is a review of existing sources of capital and methods of raising it through market and public instruments. Also discussed are the conditions for the use of individual instruments, depend- ing on the stage of enterprise development, as well as their potential advantages and limitations from the entrepreneur’s point of view. The third part analyzes innovative products and companies responsible for their creation and devel- opment: the self-driving vehicle created by the American company Tesla Inc. and a thermographic tester for oncological diagnostics created by the Polish company BRASTER. Findings and implications Innovation belongs to the developing field of economy and economics. Statistical and econometric studies prove that, due to the significant risk level, innovation needs to be stimulated. Its development has a positive impact both on GDP growth and living conditions. However, in order to keep up with the technological frontier, it is necessary to under take appropriate actions serving to reduce the technological gap. This is why financing innovation is a complex process, requiring a flexible approach. And there is a considerable variety of financial instruments dedicated to innovations offered by market entities and by state institutions. This theoretical work is illustrated with examples of companies implementing technologically sophisticated products. Tesla Inc. finances work on the self-driving vehicle by increasing operational obligations, issuing debt securities, additional capital contributions and even the sale of CO2 emission rights. On the other hand, BRASTER SA, while working on introducing the oncological tester on the market, accumulated capital as a result of large issues of shares and taking out bank loans, which indicates that the company is just learning investment processes.
Tradycja placów zabaw w Polsce i Europie
Authors: Ostrowska-Tryzno Anna , Nałęcz Hanna , Pawlikowska-Piechotka Anna
Published: April 2021

W większości miast europejskich aż do XIX w. nie widziano potrzeby przeznaczenia dla dzieci specjalnych terenów do zabawy i wypoczynku. Od czasów antycznych zarówno w ogrodach prywatnych, jak i na terenach publicznych (wokół placów miejskich, świątyń) dzieci mogły bawić się swobodnie. W okresie nowożytnym potrzeba zapewnienia dzieciom i młodzieży odpowiednich warunków do aktywnego wypoczynku, traktowanego zarówno jako codzienna potrzeba wysiłku fizycznego, jak i sposób zagospodarowania świątecznego czasu wolnego w gronie rodziny i rówieśników – jest oczywista od niecałych 200 lat. Badacze przedmiotu nie są zgodni, co do dokładnej daty, jaką można przyjąć dla najstarszego placu zabaw. Najczęściej wskazywane są kolejne dekady XIX w.: w Europie – w Anglii rok 1859, w Niemczech 1860, a w krajach pozaeuropejskich – w USA 1887. Współczesne place zabaw, z jakimi mamy do czynienia na osiedlach naszych miast, znacząco już odbiegły zarówno programowo jak i funkcjonalnie od historycznych, pierwszych placów zabaw. Niemniej chyba warto przypomnieć te tradycje, ponieważ, pomimo niesprzyjających warunków, zarówno w okresie zaborów, w okresie II RP (1918– 1939), jak i trudnych powojennych latach odbudowy ze zniszczeń wojennych – polscy architekci i urbaniści, pedagodzy i wychowawcy, lekarze i działacze społeczni przywiązywali dużą wagę do zapewnienia dzieciom odpowiednio urządzonych terenów otwartych do wypoczynku i zabawy. Były to znaczące inicjatywy, nieustępujące osiągnięciom innych krajów europejskich, tworzące tradycję i dorobek, z którego mamy prawo być dumni.
Planowany rozwój energetycznych sieci przesyłowych w województwie mazowieckim
Authors: Gadomska Urszula , Gochnio Beata , Polak Elżbieta
Published: April 2021

Artykuł przedstawia zbiorcze zestawienie zamierzeń inwestycyjnych, dotyczących energetycznych sieci przesyłowych planowanych w województwie mazowieckim, które zostały określone w różnych dokumentach, obowiązujących na koniec 2018 r. Budowa i przebudowa linii elektroenergetycznych najwyższych napięć oraz gazociągów wysokiego ciśnienia z infrastrukturą towarzyszącą to inwestycje rządowe, realizowane przez przedsiębiorstwa energetyczne, funkcjonujące jako spółki skarbu państwa. Tylko część z planowanych przedsięwzięć (inwestycje ustalone w dokumentach przyjętych przez Sejm lub organy rządu) obligatoryjnie ujęta jest w planie zagospodarowania przestrzennego województwa. W ostatnich latach realizacja większości planowanych przesyłowych sieci energetycznych przebiega według procedur określonych w dwóch tzw. specustawach energetycznych: przesyłowej i gazowej. Zgodnie z ich zapisami, w sprawach związanych z wydaniem decyzji o ustaleniu lokalizacji inwestycji oraz o pozwoleniu na budowę, nie mają zastosowania przepisy o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym. Oznacza to możliwość realizacji zamierzeń nieujętych w dokumentach planistycznych – zarówno poziomu regionalnego, jak i gminnego. W związku z tym, że inwestycje energetyczne budzą wielkie protesty społeczne, zasadnym było opracowanie w tym zakresie kompleksowej informacji, która może zostać wykorzystana przez samorządy gminne w procesach negocjacji z przedsiębiorstwami energetycznymi oraz konsultacji z mieszkańcami i organizacjami pozarządowymi.
Оптические свойства фазопеременных материалов системы германий--сурьма-теллур составов Ge-=SUB=-14-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-29-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-57-=/SUB=- и Ge-=SUB=-15-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-15-=/SUB=-Te-=SUB=-70-=/SUB=- в дальнем инфракрасном диапазоне
Authors: Рыжов В.А. , Мелех Б.Т. , Казакова Л.П.
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Infrared absorption spectra of chalcogenide alloys of the GST system with the compositions Ge14Sb29Te57 and Ge15Sb15Te70 in the amorphous and crystalline state were measured and analyzed in the range of 20 – 400 cm– 1 (0.6 – 12 THz) at room temperature. Absorption at these frequencies is due to the manifestation of correlated torsional vibrations of structural units of the amorphous alloy and phonon modes of the crystal. The performed assignment of absorption bands and the revealed differences in the IR spectra make it possible to more confidently represent the possible molecular mechanism of reversible amorphous-crystalline transformations in the studied phase-changing materials
Зонная структура и процессы в электронной системе кристаллов (Bi-=SUB=-2-x-=/SUB=-Sb-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-)Te-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- (0<x<2) по данным оптических исследований в инфракрасном диапазоне
Authors: Степанов Н.П. , Калашников А.А. , Урюпин О.Н.
Published: April 2021

The decrease in the resonance frequency of plasma oscillations of free charge carriers omegap with increasing temperature observed in Bi2-xSbx (0 <x <2) p-type crystals can only be partially explained by an increase in the polarization background of the crystal ε-infinity. Analysis of the experimental data suggests that the temperature change in omegap observed in the range from 80 to 300 K is also due to a decrease in the ratio of the concentration of free charge carriers to their effective mass p / m *. This can be explained by an increase in the effective mass of carriers with increasing temperature, as well as by the process of hole redistribution between nonequivalent extrema of the valence band, the existence of which is confirmed by the regularities of the temperature change in the optical band gap observed in the reflection spectra of infrared radiation. Key words: semiconductors, plasma resonance, concentration, effective mass of free charge carriers, electrical conductivity, thermal and optical band gap.