bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
War, Marriage, Tournament: Scottish Politics and the Anglo-French War, 1448–1450
Authors: Brown Michael H.
Published: March 2019

The Scottish kingdom has often been portrayed as standing at the periphery of late medieval Europe. However, the events of 1448 to 1450 demonstrate that the Scots were capable of projecting their interests effectively at the courts of European rulers. These years witnessed the start of the final phase of the Hundred Years War culminating in the conquest of Normandy and Gascony by the French crown. Scottish historians have placed considerable stress on the marriage of King James II to Marie of Guelders in 1449 as an example of interactions between Scotland and European courtly life. This article demonstrates the interconnections between Anglo-Scottish warfare in the Borders, marriage diplomacy, the rapidly changing situation in the French kingdom, and the internal politics of Scotland. It shows that Scots and the Scottish kingdom were active participants in a wider political world at a defining point in European history.
Scotland and the Taxing Union, 1707–1815
Authors: Hoppit Julian
Published: March 2019

This article sketches the amounts of taxes collected in Scotland for central government between the Union of 1707 and the end of the Napoleonic wars, looking at the impact of the Union, change over time and comparisons with how much taxes were collected in the rest of Britain. Those findings are then generally explained with reference to tax policy, taxable capacity and the tax gap. Finally, how these findings affect our understanding of the Union state are considered. Contrary to many accounts, the Union did not immediately lead to much larger amounts of taxes being collected, nor to much money being sent to London. Rather it was from the 1780s that substantial change on both accounts took place, though even in 1815 the per capita tax take in Scotland was under a half that in England and Wales. Trying to resolve the tension between the principles of equality and equity enshrined in the Union treaty, tax policy was more sympathetic to Scotland's circumstances than is often allowed. Very speculatively, Scotland's taxable capacity appears to have been significantly less than England's, even as late as 1815. And while the revenue services were necessarily more costly in Scotland, probably greater relative poverty there also lowered tax compliance compared to England.
Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Mothers of Newborns Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Gaza Strip
Authors: Salah Motasem , Breaka Rania , Alkasseh Areefa
Published: March 2019

Objective: To determine the prevalence and level of anxiety and depression among mothers of newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units in Gaza Strip.
Methods: It is a cross-sectional study including 195 mothers who’s their neonates has been admitted to NICU at the three governmental hospitals in Gaza Strip between November 2017 to September 2018. Two psychological tests were applied, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. Collected data include sociodemographic profile for mother and neonates who include characteristic of mothers, number and types of deliveries, level of education, work status and family income. In addition, characteristics of neonates, gender, gestational age and birth weight, cause of admission and length of stay.
Results: The results of our study indicated that 50.8% of mothers have severe to very severe symptoms of anxiety, 38.5% of mothers have severe to very severe symptoms of depression. There was a statistically significant differences in levels of anxiety (p = 0.044) and levels of depression (p = 0.005) among mothers related to hospital. The mothers of preterm and low birth weight babies had higher levels of anxiety (p = 0.010, 0.026), but there were insignificant differences in levels of depression, while there were no insignificant differences in levels of anxiety and depression among mothers related to gender of neonate, cause of admission, and length of stay in NICU.
Conclusion: The effect of different maternal and neonatal factors on levels of anxiety and depression were examined and most of them revealed insignificant differences, which means that admission to NICU as a stressful event caused elevation in levels of anxiety and depression among mothers regardless of any other factors.
Approaching to the Essence of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Fan Xu , Jie Chen , Yushuang Deng , Linli Chen , Jing Yang , Zhongrui Ma , Jianping Yu , Jiayuan Peng , Shu Yang , Wenwen Li , Ronghua Xu
Published: March 2019

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a serious neuropsychic disease. It destroys person’s family relationship and social connections seriously. Latest WHO investigation disclosed nearly 4.4% of the population worldwide (approximately 322 million people) were being affected by MDD extensively [1]. While in China, Dong M, et al. reported the occurrence rate of suicide attempt during hospitalization and after the onset of MDD were 17.3% (95% CI: 12.4-23.7%) and 42.1% (95% CI: 26.1-60.0%) respectively [2]. Another research made by Grupta S, et al. announced MDD in urban China might be under-diagnosed and untreated [3].
Sources of Occupational Stress and Coping Strategies among Teachers in Borstal Institutions in Kenya
Authors: Margaret Kagwe , Simon Ngigi , Sabina Mutisya
Published: March 2019

Teaching has emerged as one of the most stressful professions in the last two decades. The need for knowledge for personal growth and national development puts pressure on the teachers to facilitate the achievement of these goals. Teachers in Borstal institutions are expected to teach and rehabilitate young convicts for re-integration into the society. The desire to find out sources of stress and coping strategies among teachers in Borstal institutions has necessitated an empirical study. The current study focuses on sources of occupational stress and coping strategies among teachers in Borstal institutions in Kenya. Phenomenology study design was used and purposive sampling in particular maximum variation was used to select the study participants. Results indicated that working conditions, living conditions and lack of resources were the main sources of stressors, while physical exercises, religious intervention, use of alcohol were among the coping strategies used. Lack of professional counseling services also emerged as a situation that lead to high stress levels.
Hypnic Jerks Associated with Insomnia
Authors: Sexton-Radek Kathy
Published: March 2019

A 38-year female fulltime working Optometrist presented to the Insomnia clinic with a history of six years of sleep onset insomnia. A complete history revealed medical conditions of hypertension, hypothyroidism controlled by prescribed medications. The patient had a good appetite and BMI of 28. She exercised by walking three afternoons per week. Her work shift varied in terms of start times: 9-5pm, 11-7pm or 1-9pm of which she had no control over. Corresponding to this, her bedtime varied from 11 to 11:45pm and wakeup times from 7-9am.
Writing a Personal Inventory as a Wakeful Suggestion
Authors: Edery Rivka A
Published: March 2019

Mental Health can be understood as the health of one’s life’s energy system. The field of psychology continues to provide valuable information, research and insight on the role and power of thought, both conscious and unconscious. Resentments, anger, and past hurts, not properly processed, contributes to depression, anxiety, stress, and a persistent sense of chronic loneliness in life. Specifically, relationships are the front lines in carrying the toll for one’s unprocessed resentments, both in perpetuating the same hurts on to others, or tragically ending up as the victim. It is possible that by conducting a Personal Inventory, one can begin to have insight into their personal character and the system from which they operate. The information and patterns garnered from such an analysis, can readily offer the open-minded individual with inspiring new insights and required actions, regarding their relationship trajectory.
Metodología de la investigación: desafío para docentes universitarios
Authors: Abrigo-Córdova Irma Eufemia
Published: March 2019

La propuesta se realiza en la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas de la Universidad Internacional del Ecuador extensión Loja, Colegio Militar Lauro Guerrero y algunas empresas de la localidad, se trata de aplicar de manera adecuada, lineamientos para el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación, que generen resultados significativos y permitan a los estudiantes poner en práctica conocimientos adquiridos, llevar a cabo un proceso de investigación, y a la vez, contribuir con la sociedad lojana, en la concientización de la solución de problemas que aquejan su diario vivir.   

 

En este contexto, se trabaja en la materia de métodos de investigación, diversos proyectos, durante el período académico octubre 2016 - febrero 2017, con la participación de 30 estudiantes.

 

Como estrategia de trabajo se aplicaron dos matrices: de consistencia o cuádrica, la cual establece la conexión y relación entre elementos claves y las fases, al empezar un proyecto de investigación, facilitando al investigador, llevar un orden y secuencia, en el mismo; y la matriz para la elaboración del instrumento de recolección de datos. Como resultado se concretaron tres proyectos.
A Comparison of Minimal Pharmacokinetic Models for an Anti-diabetic Agent
Authors: Mata May Anne E.
Published: March 2019

In diabetes studies, pharmacologists rely on statistical techniques tied with experimental results to describe the plasma concentration of an anti-diabetic agent. However, these sets of statistical information only provide minimal inference to the drug’s kinetics. To understand the effect of an anti-diabetic agent to a glucose-insulin system, it is necessary to predict its movement in the system over a specific time interval. In this study, a set of simple pharmacokinetic models was formulated to describe the dynamics of the plasma concentration of an anti-diabetic agent known as metformin. The models were fitted to empirical data via nonlinear regression analysis and were compared using Akaike information criterion to determine the most reasonable model and parameter estimates. The results reveal that models considering varying absorption rate have a promising fit. These models can be extended to multiple drug dosage cases and can be used to estimate rate constants associated to other anti-diabetic agents.

Read full article here.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATION THROUGH THE CREATIVE PERSONALITY OF THE TEACHER
Authors: Navickienė Vida , Sederevičiūtė-Pačiauskienė Živilė , Valantinaitė Ilona , Žilinskaitė-Vytienė Viktorija
Published: March 2019

The article focuses on the relationships of communication and educational processes, creativity aspects in the context of higher education. A creative personality of the teacher determines how smooth and efficient these relationships are. The results of the quantitative research (sample – 124 teachers) conducted at Lithuanian higher education institutions and coprehensively presented in the article reveal the attitude of Lithuanian higher education teachers towards the significance of communication in the educational process. Though higher education teachers have to possess various competences such as personal, communication, social, lifelong learning, methodological, planning, organisational, leadership and assessment ones, the respondents distinguished several most significant to them. The research revealed that teachers see personal and communication competences as the most important ones, which also reveal and substantiate close relationships of communication and educational processes. The relationship is enhanced by a creative personality of the teacher, his or her positive personal qualities and values. Higher education teachers not only perceive the significance of communication and educational competences in the educational process but also express a need for their continuous improvement.
The Proper-motion Field along the Magellanic Bridge: A New Probe of the LMC–SMC Interaction
Authors: Zivick Paul , Kallivayalil Nitya , Besla Gurtina , Sohn Sangmo Tony , van der Marel Roeland P. , del Pino Andrés , Linden Sean T. , Fritz Tobias K. , Anderson J.
Published: March 2019

We present the first detailed kinematic analysis of the proper motions (PMs) of stars in the Magellanic Bridge, from both the Gaia Data Release 2 catalog and from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys data. For the Gaia data, we identify and select two populations of stars in the Bridge region, young main-sequence (MS) and red giant stars. The spatial locations of the stars are compared against the known H i gas structure, finding a correlation between the MS stars and the H i gas. In the HST fields our signal comes mainly from an older MS and turnoff population, and the PM baselines range between ∼4 and 13 yr. The PMs of these different populations are found to be consistent with each other, as well as across the two telescopes. When the absolute motion of the Small Magellanic Cloud is subtracted out, the residual Bridge motions display a general pattern of pointing away from the Small Magellanic Cloud toward the Large Magellanic Cloud. We compare in detail the kinematics of the stellar samples against numerical simulations of the interactions between the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds, and find general agreement between the kinematics of the observed populations and a simulation in which the Clouds have undergone a recent direct collision.
Sub-Eddington Supermassive Black Hole Activity in Fornax Early-type Galaxies
Authors: Lee Nathan , Gallo Elena , Hodges-Kluck Edmund , Coté Patrick , Ferrarese Laura , Miller Brendan , Baldassare Vivienne , Plotkin Richard , Treu Tommaso
Published: March 2019

We characterize the incidence and intensity of low-level supermassive black hole activity within the Fornax cluster, through X-ray observations of the nuclei of 29 quiescent early-type galaxies. Using the Chandra X-ray Telescope, we target 17 galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope Fornax Cluster Survey, down to a uniform (3σ) limiting X-ray luminosity threshold of 5 · 1038 erg s−1, which we combine with deeper, archival observations for an additional 12 galaxies. A nuclear X-ray point source is detected in 11 out of 29 targets. After accounting for the low-mass X-ray binary contamination to the nuclear X-ray signal, the X-ray active fraction is measured at 26.6% ± 9.6%. The results from this analysis are compared to similar investigations targeting quiescent early types in the Virgo cluster, as well as the field. After correcting for the different mass distributions, the measured Fornax active fraction is less than the field fraction, at more than 3σ, confirming that the funneling of gas to the nuclear regions of cluster members is inhibited compared to those galaxies in the field. At the same time, we find no statistically significant difference between Fornax and Virgo galaxies, with only marginal evidence for a lower active fraction in Fornax (1σ); if real, owing to Fornax's higher galaxy number density, this could indicate that galaxy–galaxy interactions are more effective at gas removal than galaxy-gas effects.
The Effect of Suprathermal Protons in the Heliosheath on the Global Structure of the Heliosphere and Heliotail
Authors: Heerikhuisen Jacob , Zirnstein Eric J. , Pogorelov Nikolai V. , Zank Gary P. , Desai Mihir
Published: March 2019

In the interaction between the solar wind (SW) and the local interstellar medium, various processes create ions with energies up to ∼10 keV that are out of thermal equilibrium with the “core” population. Wave–particle interactions tend to isotropize the velocity distributions, but the collisionless nature of the SW precludes thermalization. Suprathermal protons can charge-exchange with interstellar hydrogen, producing energetic neutral atoms that are seen by the Interstellar Boundary EXplorer spacecraft. We have developed a model for the presence of several suprathermal populations in the SW downstream of the heliospheric termination shock. The model uses magnetohydrodynamics to satisfy the first three moments of the total ion distribution, and couples these through charge-exchange to neutral hydrogen, conserving mass, momentum, and energy in the combined system. The proton population is separated into a cool core and three suprathermal populations, and hydrogen atoms may charge-exchange with protons from any of those four populations. The phase-space properties of the pick-up ions are selected based on data and theoretical considerations. In this paper we quantify the impact of suprathermal protons on the global structure of the heliosphere by comparing our new model to a traditional Maxwellian fluid model, and a kappa-distribution model. We find that the differences in momentum and energy transfer rates from the protons onto neutral hydrogen between the models leads to different plasma properties in the heliotail, and also changes the size of the heliosphere. Including the energy-dependent charge-exchange cross section into the collision integrals reduces the magnitude of these differences.
Chandra Observations of the AS0295 Cluster
Authors: Pascut Aurelia , Hughes John P.
Published: March 2019

We present deep (205 ks) Chandra observations of the AS0295 binary merging cluster (z = 0.30). In the X-ray image, the secondary component is clearly visible as a surface brightness peak, while the primary cluster has a flatter distribution. We found cool gas (∼6 keV) associated with the secondary, while the central temperature of the primary does not deviate significantly from the mean temperature of the cluster of ∼9.5 keV. In the vicinity of the primary’s core we found the hottest region in the cluster accompanied by a surface brightness discontinuity. We propose that this region corresponds to a shock, for which we estimate a Mach number of

. We found other merger signatures such as a plume of cool gas emerging from the primary cluster and a cold front and a possible bow shock (Mach number of

) leading the secondary cluster. Based on the observed properties in comparison to binary merger simulations from the literature we propose for AS0295 a low-mass ratio, off-axis merging scenario, with the secondary close to the first apocenter. Comparison of our results with strong-lensing observations of AS0295 from Cibirka et al. shows an offset between the total mass peak and the bulk of the gas distribution in the primary cluster. The properties of the merger and the existence of the offset between mass peak and gas make AS0295 a promising candidate for the study of mergers involving non-cool core clusters and the nature of dark matter.
Estimation of an Equilibrium Model With Externalities: Post‐Disaster Neighborhood Rebuilding
Authors: Fu Chao , Gregory Jesse
Published: March 2019

We study the optimal design of subsidies in an equilibrium setting, where the decisions of individual recipients impose externalities on one another. We apply the model to the case of post‐Katrina rebuilding in New Orleans under the Louisiana Road Home rebuilding grant program (RH). We estimate the structural model via indirect inference, exploiting a discontinuity in the formula for determining the size of grants, which helps isolate the causal effect of neighbors' rebuilding on one's own rebuilding choices. We find that the additional rebuilding induced by RH generated positive externalities equivalent to $4950 to each inframarginal household whose rebuilding choice was not affected by the program. Counterfactual policy experiments find that optimal subsidy policies bias grant offers against relocation, with an inverse‐U‐shaped relationship between the degree of bias and the severity of damages from the disaster.
Pier Luigi Nervi: ingeniero, arquitecto y constructor
Authors: Iori T. , Poretti S.
Published: March 2019

Todos los trabajos de Nervi llevan el sello de sus cualidades únicas como ingeniero.

Al mismo tiempo, siempre estuvieron estrechamente relacionados con las condiciones culturales y sociales, tanto a nivel nacional como mun-dial, que cambiaron considerablemente durante su larga vida laboral (de los años veinte a los setenta): desde la Primera Guerra Mundial, pasando por la era fascista, hasta el entusiasta período de reconstrucción de la segunda posguerra, y los años de euforia económica hasta la crisis financiera de los setenta.

Por esta razón, al revisar sus obras, nos parece que Pier Luigi Nervi vivió no una, sino tres vidas en la que fue un arquitecto moderno, un constructor creador de un nuevo método de construcción y un arquitecto estrella internacional.

Tres vidas igualmente intensas que coexistieron, se superpusieron e interactuaron pero permanecieron independientes entre sí. Este artículo habla brevemente sobre las tres vidas de Nervi.
Estudio comparativo de la nitrocarburación de los aceros AISI 4340 y AISI 347 mediante el proceso Tenifer-QPQ®
Authors: Bellas Leornado , Castro Gemma , Mera Laura , Mier José L. , García Ana , Varela Angel
Published: March 2019

Este trabajo estudia las diferencias microestructurales y tribológicas de las capas formadas durante la nitrocarburación ferrítica del acero aleado AISI 4340 y la nitrocarburación austenítica del acero inoxidable estabilizado AISI 347. Las muestras se sometieron a distintos tiempos de inmersión en un baño de nitrocarburación (60, 75, 90, 105 y 120 min) a 580 ºC. Posteriormente se sometieron a un proceso de oxidación a 480 ºC para formar una capa de Fe3O4. Los estudios de la microestructura de la capa nitrocarburada se realizaron por microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), espectroscopía de dispersión de energías (EDS) y difracción de rayos X (XRD). Se estudió el desgaste y el coeficiente de fricción de las muestras nitrocarburadas y las muestras no tratadas mediante el ensayo pink-on disk. Los resultados muestran tres zonas bien diferenciadas en el acero AISI 4340: una capa de óxidos externa, una capa blanca o de combinación y zona de difusión. Sin embargo, no se detectó la presencia de la capa de combinación en el acero AISI 347. En ambos aceros, el coeficiente específico de desgaste (k) de las muestras nitrocarburadas fue aproximadamente treinta veces menor que el de las muestras de referencia.
Comparative study of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis (Scombridae) fishery stocks from the South Atlantic and western Indian oceans
Authors: Dahlet Lol I. , Downey-Breedt Nicola , Arce Gabriel , Sauer Warwick H.H. , Gasalla Maria A.
Published: March 2019

The skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, inhabits tropical and subtropical oceans the world over, and contributes substantially to total tuna catches. Both fishing pressure and anthropic influences affect skipjack populations, impacting on economic returns and investment. The present study analyses and compares spatial time series of catch and catch per unit effort (CPUE), of pole-and-line fishing of skipjack tuna from Brazil, South Africa and the Maldives. Both regional and inter-regional analyses were conducted for the period 1970-2014 in order to ultimately investigate potential associations between these fisheries, climatic conditions and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Correlation tests and spatial mapping tools were used. From 2004 to 2011, South African skipjack catches correlated positively with Brazilian ones and negatively with Maldivians. CPUEs from the Brazilian and Maldivian skipjack fisheries showed a significant positive correlation in the period 1982-1993. Yearly catches from all regions were strongly associated with the Northern Oscillation Index (p < 0.001), an ENSO index. This study reflects an effort to articulate an inter-regional appraisal of skipjack pole-and-line fisheries embedded in the context of a globally changing climate, in the face of which emerging economies are the most vulnerable. Evidence of common patterns influencing these fisheries should encourage international South-South cooperative management and understanding of the resource.
Reproductive cycle and gonadal development of Donax striatus (Bivalvia: Donacidae) on an Amazon sandy beach in northern Brazil
Authors: Gadelha Ewertton , Silva Elton , Silva Rosana , Rafael Shirley , Pamplona Fábio , Palheta Glauber , Melo Nuno
Published: March 2019

The reproductive cycle and gonadal development of Donax striatus from a sandy beach in Ajuruteua, Amazon region, were studied. Monthly sampling took place from March 2015 to April 2016. Histological analysis was performed on 420 individuals, and the oocyte diameters were determined from histological sections and used to determine the reproductive period. The population showed a balanced sex ratio (1:1) with a size at first maturity of 10.9 mm in males and 8.9 mm in females. The population showed r-strategist characteristics and continuous spawning, and the reproductive cycle showed no seasonal variation or significant relation with any environmental parameter. The organic matter was significantly higher in the rainy season. According to the generalized linear model analysis (GLM), only the condition index (CI) had a significant relationship with the organic matter of the sediment. The type of reproductive strategy adopted by D. striatus corroborates the global breeding hypotheses for species of tropical environments. For conservation, it should be recommended to harvest this species at a shell length above 13 mm.
Reconstruction of marine small-scale fisheries captures in the Canary Islands (NE Atlantic Ocean) from 1950 to 2010
Authors: Castro José J. , Divovich Esther , Delgado de Molina Acevedo Alicia , Barrera-Luján Antonio , Riera Rodrigo
Published: March 2019

Total marine fisheries catches within the exclusive economic zone of the Canary Islands, Spain, were reconstructed to include catches from the various small-scale artisanal fleets and their discards, as well as subsistence, recreational and other unreported catch. Total reconstructed catch was estimated at 38600 t in 1950, increasing to 81200 t in 1985, declining to approximately 43700 t year–1 in the early 2000s, and finally spiking to about 65300 t year–1 by the late 2000s. These catches coincide with a severe depletion of fish stocks, especially those of demersal species, due in part to fishing overcapacity in the artisanal sector, despite attempts to limit effort by the government. Spain only started to report catches to the FAO in 2006, and from 2006 to 2010 reconstructed catch was seven times the reported catch. Nearly 70% of this catch was from the recreational fishing sector, due in part to technological advancements and increased investments in the construction and improvement of secondary ports.
Evaluation of Homarus gammarus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Nephropidae) catches and potential in a Mediterranean small-scale fishery
Authors: Pere Anthony , Marengo Michel , Lejeune Pierre , Durieux Eric D.H.
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the exploitation pattern of the European lobster population in a fully representative small-scale fishery of the Mediterranean (Corsica, France) and to collect initial biological information on this species. Data were collected by scientific observers on board net fishing vessels for eight consecutive years from 2006 until 2013. Average annual catches were estimated at 6.7 t. Length frequencies indicated that exploitation focused on large individuals. Catch per unit of effort varied significantly as a function of month, fishing area and depth. Our approach to catch distribution revealed spatial heterogeneity with large catches in the south area. A fishery-independent survey was performed in 2013 and 2014 in west Cap Corse using 540 lobster traps; it showed an extremely low catch rate, confirming the low abundance for this area. This study provided new biological knowledge of a little-studied species in the Mediterranean.
Sur la destruction d’œuvres d’art au Moyen Âge
Authors: Wirth Jean
Published: March 2019

Dans la chrétienté latine à laquelle cet article se limite, l’iconoclasme byzantin a été rejeté tant par le pape que par le pouvoir carolingien. La législation canonique qui obligeait à entretenir les églises et interdisait l’aliénation de leurs biens, tout comme l’absence de censure des images, limitèrent considérablement les destructions. Comme à d’autres époques, les guerres provoquèrent des dégradations. Avant la fin du Moyen Âge, les actes iconoclastes perpétrés par des hérétiques semblent avoir été très limités. C’est la rénovation somptueuse des édifices et du mobilier existant qui est la principale cause de destructions, qui n’ont pas été menées de bon cœur, comme en témoigne la fréquence des remplois, souvent des portails entiers dans le cas de l’architecture. Cette situation durable entraîne un accroissement continu du patrimoine ecclésiastique et de son décor, avec un effet de saturation de plus en plus critiqué à la fin du Moyen Âge. Chez les lollards et les hussites, l’iconoclasme ressurgit, ouvrant la voie à celui de la Réforme.
Полиномиальная неинтегрируемость магнитных бильярдов на сфере и гиперболической плоскости
Authors: Bialy Misha L , Mironov Andrei Evgen'evich
Published: March 2019

В статье рассматривается магнитный бильярд в выпуклой области с гладкой границей на поверхности постоянной кривизны в постоянном магнитном поле. Исследуется вопрос о существовании интеграла движения, полиномиального по компонентам скорости. Доказано, что если такой интеграл существует, то граница области определяет несингулярную алгебраическую кривую в $\mathbb{C}^3$. Также доказано, что для области, отличной от геодезического диска, магнитный бильярд не допускает полиномиального интеграла для всех значений магнитуды магнитного поля за исключением, быть может, конечного числа. Для доказательства основных теорем этой работы мы вводим новую динамическую систему "внешний магнитный бильярд" на поверхности постоянной кривизны, которая "двойственна" магнитному бильярду. Переход к этой динамической системе позволяет применить к магнитному бильярду методы алгебраической геометрии.
Библиография: 30 названий.
Вещественно-нормированные дифференциалы: пределы на стабильных кривых
Authors: Grushevsky Samuel , Krichever Igor Moiseevich , Norton Chaya
Published: March 2019

В работе исследуется поведение вещественно-нормированных (ВН) мероморфных дифференциалов на римановых поверхностях при вырождении этих поверхностей. Мы описываем все возможные пределы ВН-дифференциалов на стабильной кривой, в частности, доказываем, что вычеты в нодальных точках даются решением соответствующей задачи Кирхгофа на двойственном графе кривой. Мы также доказываем, что пределы нулей ВН-дифференциалов образуют дивизор нулей подкрученного дифференциала, представляющего собой явно описанный набор ВН-дифференциалов на неприводимых компонентах стабильной кривой с полюсами порядка выше первого в некоторых нодальных точках.
Основным техническим средством, используемым в работе, является новый метод построения дифференциалов на гладких римановых поверхностях (применяемый здесь для ВН-дифференциалов, но имеющий бо́льшую общность) в окрестности фиксированной стабильной кривой в координатах вклейки (plumbing coordinates). При этом гладкая риманова поверхность рассматривается как дополнение к окрестности нодальных точек на стабильной кривой, граничные окружности которых попарно отождествлены. Задача построения дифференциала на гладкой римановой поверхности с предписанными особенностями сводится к построению дифференциалов с заданными "скачкáми" на линиях склейки (швах). Этот аддитивный аналог задачи Римана-Гильберта решается новым методом, в котором вместо ядра Коши на гладкой римановой поверхности, полученной вклейкой, итеративно используются интегралы с ядрами Коши на неприводимых компонентах стабильной кривой. Поскольку стабильная кривая фиксирована, для построенного дифференциала можно получить явные оценки, что позволяет провести точный анализ вырождения.
Библиография: 22 названия.
Comparison of Reported and Survey-Based Coverage in Onchocerciasis Programs over a Period of 8 Years in Cameroon and Uganda
Authors: Katabarwa Moses N. , Griswold Emily , Habomugisha Peace , Eyamba Albert , Byamukama Edson , Nwane Philippe , Khainza Annet , Bernard Lauri , Weiss Paul , Richards Frank O.
Published: March 2019

Mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin must reach a high treatment coverage (90% of the eligible population) if onchocerciasis is to be eliminated. Questions have been raised as to whether reported treatment figures reaching such high coverage are reliable. Sample surveys are proposed as the method of choice for “validating” reported coverage figures. The purpose of this study was to compare the district-level MDA coverage reported by programs with contemporaneous surveys of randomly selected respondents living in those same districts. Over an 8-year period, 19,219 households were selected using multistage random sampling; 38,433 adult male and female heads of those households were asked about their recent ivermectin MDA treatment experience. District coverage reports were considered “accurate” if they fell within the 95% CIs determined by the corresponding district’s survey. Ninety-eight treatment rounds were evaluated over an 8-year period. Overall, the reported coverage of 96.5% (range: 68–100%) was significantly higher than the 92.5% surveyed coverage (range: 62.1–99.6%, 95% CI: 91.9–93.2%). However, only 20% of districts reported significantly higher coverage than surveys, 68% of district program reports were judged as accurate, and 12% of districts reported significantly lower coverage figures than their corresponding surveys. Eighty-eight percent of districts reported coverage ≥ 90% threshold for success, compared with 97% of surveys that included 90% in their 95% CIs. We conclude that when analyzed statistically at the district level, most surveys verified the reported coverage.
Four-Weekly Benzathine Penicillin G Provides Inadequate Protection against Acute Rheumatic Fever in Some Children
Authors: de Dassel Jessica L. , Malik Halla , Ralph Anna P. , Hardie Kate , Remenyi Boglarka , Francis Joshua R.
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to identify recurrent acute rheumatic fever (ARF) episodes which occurred despite adherence to prophylactic benzathine penicillin G (BPG). Data from Australia’s Northern Territory were analyzed; ARF recurrences between 2012 and 2017 diagnosed while the person was prescribed BPG were identified. Days at risk (DAR)—median and interquartile range—preceding ARF onset were calculated. The timing of BPG doses was examined for individuals with no DAR. One hundred sixty-nine ARF recurrences were analyzed; median DAR in the previous 8 weeks before ARF onset was 29. Most recurrences occurred following > 7 DAR (87%). Eight recurrences (5%) occurred despite no DAR; all were aged less than 16 years at the time of their recurrence/s. Recurrent ARF most commonly occurs after delayed BPG doses, but in some cases, receiving every prescribed BPG dose on time did not prevent recurrent ARF. A method to identify high-risk individuals before recurrent ARF is needed.
Development of Spalling Estimation Model for Ball-Type Constant Velocity Joints
Authors: Kim DongHyuk , Kim Dongwan , Kim Taekyum , Kim Seong Han , Cho Jeonghyeon
Published: March 2019

In this study, the spalling issue in ball-type Constant Velocity Joints (CVJ) was investigated. As one of the most common types of outboard CVJ, a ball-type CVJ has spalling problems caused by fatigue at the internal contact points. It causes noise and vibration in vehicles, which results in CVJ failures. This study provides a spalling-estimation model for a ball-type CVJ, which was developed by the following five steps. First, the relative coordinates of the internal contact points between each component were established by forward kinematics. Second, the acting forces were calculated according to the results of the relative coordinate analyses and the vehicle driving conditions, and then normal pressure at the contact points was derived by Hertz contact theory. Third, the maximum sliding speeds at the contact points were also calculated using slip motion analyses. These normal pressure and maximum sliding speeds were used to estimate the shear stresses at the contact points. Fourth, experiment to evaluate spalling occurrence was carried out under several contact conditions. Lastly, a spalling estimation model was developed based on the reliability analysis with experiment data. The developed model was verified by testing a ball-type CVJ under actual driving condition. The verified spalling estimation model accurately predicts the spalling occurrences in various driving conditions.
Reliability and Validity of a Functional Cognition Screening Tool to Identify the Need for Occupational Therapy
Authors: Edwards Dorothy Farrar , Wolf Timothy J. , Marks Timothy , Alter Sarah , Larkin Victoria , Padesky Braeden L. , Spiers Meredith , Al-Heizan Muhammad O. , Giles Gordon Muir
Published: March 2019

Importance: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has identified the need to assess functional cognition as part of the postacute care planning process.

Objective: We examined the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of the Menu Task (MT) as a screening measure of functional cognition to assess the need for occupational therapy services.

Design: Cross-sectional study testing a convenience sample of community-dwelling older adults (n = 130) and adults hospitalized for elective orthopedic surgery (n = 60). The MT and four neuropsychological screening tests—the Brief Interview of Mental Status, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Trail Making Tests A and B, and an instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale—were administered.

Setting: Community-dwelling participants were tested at the University of Wisconsin occupational therapy program and in community settings. Hospitalized participants were tested at the University of Missouri Orthopedic Institute.

Participants: We recruited healthy community-dwelling adults in Madison, WI (community sample; n = 130) and patients hospitalized for elective orthopedic surgery in Columbia, MO (hospital sample; n = 60). Inclusion criteria were age 55 yr or older, living in the community, and willingness to be tested in English; for the hospital sample, participants had to be referred for elective orthopedic surgery requiring a hospital stay and be independent in activities of daily living before being admitted for surgery.

Results: We found significant differences between groups classified as impaired or not impaired on the basis of MT scores. Participants classified as impaired on the MT performed significantly less well than those classified as not impaired on the neurocognitive and IADL measures.

Conclusion: The reliability and validity of the MT were supported.

What This Article Adds: The American Occupational Therapy Association and the occupational therapy experts advising CMS have stressed the importance of a brief performance-based screening tool to identify people who need more comprehensive occupational therapy evaluation. The implementation of a functional cognition screening tool as part of the required CMS assessment protocol should greatly increase the number of patients referred for occupational therapy evaluation and treatment. The MT has the capacity to address the gap in the proposed CMS assessment of Medicare recipients across postacute care settings.
“Not all spaces are territories”: creating other possible urban worlds in and from Latin America – an interview with Raúl Zibechi
Authors: Streule Monika , Schwarz Anke
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In light of his most prominent book “Territories in Resistance”
(Zibechi, 2008), we conducted an interview with the researcher, journalist, and
activist Raúl Zibechi. A well-known Uruguayan columnist with various
Latin American newspapers, Zibechi was introduced to an English-speaking
audience when translations of two of his books were published in 2010 and
2012 (Zibechi, 2010, 2012a). Combining activism and research, he has been working with social
movements throughout Latin America since the 1980s. Socioterritorial
movements, the key concept around which much of Zibechi's work revolves, are
of particular interest for our theme issue “Contested Urban Territories:
Decolonized Perspectives”. Our interview revisits Zibechi's idea of the
emergence of new or other subjects through socioterritorial practices, and in
consequence, of socioterritorial movements as harbingers of possible urban
futures. In this context, the interview also explores links to the writings
of Carlos Walter Porto Gonçalves on “territory”, Henri Lefebvre on
“space”, and Frantz Fanon on “zones of being and non-being”. We
understand a conversation along these lines as a contribution to the ongoing
debate on a decolonialization of knowledge and knowledge production in the
field of urban studies.
The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET v2.0) for Improved Remote
Sensing Analysis of Coastal Flooding
Authors: Cohen Sagy , Raney Austin , Munasinghe Dinuke , Loftis Derek , Molthan Andrew , Bell Jordan , Rogers Laura , Galantowicz John , Brakenridge G. Robert , Kettner Albert J. , Huang Yu-Fen , Tsang Yin-Phan
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Remote sensing analysis is routinely used to map flooding extent either retrospectively or in near-real-time. For flood emergency response, remote sensing-based flood mapping is highly valuable as it can offer continued observational information about the flood extent over large geographical domains. Information about the floodwater depth across the inundated domain is important for damage assessment, rescue, and to prioritize relief resource allocation, but cannot be readily estimated from remote sensing analysis. The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET) was developed to augment remote sensing analysis by calculating water depth based solely on an inundation map with an associated Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The tool was shown to be accurate and was used in flood response activations by the Global Flood Partnership. Here we present a new version of the tool, FwDET v2.0, which enables water depth estimation for coastal flooding. FwDET v2.0 features a new flood boundary identification scheme which accounts for the lack of confinement of coastal flood domains at the shoreline. A new algorithm is used to calculate the local floodwater elevation for each cell, which improves the tool's runtime by a factor 15 and alleviates inaccurate local boundary assignment across permanent water bodies. FwDET v2.0 is evaluated against physically-based hydrodynamic simulations in both riverine and coastal case studies. The results show good correspondence, with an average difference of 0.18 m and 0.31 m for the coastal (using a 1-m DEM) and riverine (using a 10-m DEM) case studies respectively. A FwDET v2.0 application of using remote sensing derived flood maps is presented for three case studies. These case studies showcase FwDET v2.0 ability to efficiently provide a synoptic assessment of floodwater. Limitations include challenges in obtaining high-resolution DEMs and increases in uncertainty when applied for highly fragmented flood inundation domains.
Bias Crime Policing: 'The Graveyard Shift'
Authors: Mason Gail , Moran Leslie
Published: March 2019

Bias crime is crime that is motivated by prejudice or bias towards an attribute of the victim, such as race, religion or sexuality. Police have been criticised for failing to take bias crime seriously, and there is a pressing need to understand the reasons for this failure. This article aims to address this gap by presenting the results of the first empirical study of bias crime policing in the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW). Drawing on interviews with the NSW Police Force (NSWPF), the study found that sustainable reform in this domain has proven elusive. This can be attributed to a number of key challenges including reporting, recording, identification, framing, community engagement and leadership. The lessons that emerge from the findings have important ramifications for all police organisations.
On The Dynamic Dependence Between Oil Prices and Stock Market Returns: A Copula-GARCH Approach
Authors: Kouki Mondher , Massoud Samia Ben , Barguellil Achouak
Published: March 2019

This article investigates the conditional dependence structure between crude oil price and stock returns markets. Our empirical analysis relies on an asset pricing model that accommodates the asset return dependence through the copula functions. The obtained results indicate the superiority of our approach and show evidence of significant tail dependence of the returns in unstable financial environment.
Sistema automatizado para el control de procesos en el área de recursos humanos en la Institución FundeMujer
Authors: Borjas Martínez Brenda Johana , Rodríguez Rugama María Paola , López Gutiérrez Neidy Hassiell , Rizo Rodríguez Marlene
Published: March 2019

Este artículo está basado en la investigación titulada: “Sistema automatizado para el control de procesos en el área de recursos humanos en la Institución FundeMujer ubicada en el municipio de Estelí” cuyo propósito principal es implementar un sistema automatizado que permita realizar el control de asistencia, control de vacaciones y nómina de salario de los empleados, ya que este proceso actualmente se realiza de forma manual, lo que dificulta la entrega de información en el tiempo oportuno. Para la realización de este sistema se utilizó la metodología planteada por Roger Pressman, donde se propone el modelo de procesos evolutivos que se caracteriza por la manera en la que permite desarrollar versiones cada vez más completas del software y evolucionar poco a poco con el tiempo para su entrega final. El modelo de procesos evolutivos consta de cinco etapas: Comunicación, Plan rápido, Modelado, Diseño rápido, Construcción de prototipo, Desarrollo, entrega y retroalimentación. Se obtuvo como resultado un sistema funcional y completo, para ser utilizado en el área de recursos humanos de la institución Funde Mujer.
Sistema para gestión de procesos contables en una panadería
Authors: González Cruz Julio César , Rayo Agüero Cristian Rafael , Rizo Martínez Jorge Luis , Rizo Rodríguez Marlene
Published: March 2019

Este artículo se basa en el trabajo de investigación orientado a la implementación de un sistema automatizado para la gestión de los procesos contables en una panadería que permite una mayor agilización en los procesos de información. En la implementación de dicho sistema, se utilizó la metodología ágil SCRUM de desarrollo incremental, haciendo uso de algunas herramientas gráficas. Como resultado de esta investigación se obtuvo un sistema automatizado que facilita la realización de procesos contables como el manejo de inventario, cuentas por pagar y contabilidad de costos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron de utilidad para el cliente, ya que vio sus procesos agilizados y ahora genera sus informes con gran facilidad para la toma de decisiones administrativas en tiempo y forma.
¿Hasta dónde influyen las agendas internacionales en los sistemas educativos centroamericanos? Un marco teórico para su análisis
Authors: Salazar Vides Mónica E.
Published: March 2019

En este ensayo se propone un marco teórico para el estudio del influjo internacional sobre los procesos de reforma educativa en Centroamérica iniciados en los años noventa, a partir de las particularidades políticas y culturales de los contextos centroamericanos. Se hizo el ejercicio de poner en diálogo la corriente «internacional» y «cultural» de la economía política crítica de la educación para comprender la influencia de los organismos internacionales y sus agendas educativas en los procesos de reforma educativa, en función de las dinámicas históricas nacionales. En otras palabras, para entender por una parte, la interacción entre la globalización como capitalismo global, y los sistemas educativos nacionales centroamericanos como parte de los Estados-Nación; y por otra, las relaciones de poder entre los actores nacionales y su capacidad de agencia para hegemonizar ideológicamente a través del proceso de reforma educativa, una visión de sociedad y ciudadano en tanto clase, etnia, religión y género en un país.

Palabras claveReformas educativas en Centroamérica, sociología de la educación, economía política, globalización, hegemonía ideológica