bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of the PROMIS in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Scott Elizabeth J. , Westermann Robert , Glass Nathalie A. , Hettrich Carolyn , Wolf Brian R. , Bollier Matthew J.
Published: May 2018

Background:

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is designed to advance patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments by utilizing question banks for major health domains.

Purpose:

To compare the responsiveness and construct validity of the PROMIS physical function computer adaptive test (PF CAT) with current PRO instruments for patients before and up to 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Initially, 157 patients completed the PROMIS PF CAT, Short Form–36 Health Survey (SF-36 physical function [PF] and general health [GH]), Marx Activity Rating Scale (MARS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS activities of daily living [ADL], sport, and quality of life [QOL]), and EuroQol–5 dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 2 years after ACL reconstruction. Correlations between instruments, ceiling and floor effects, effect sizes (Cohen d), and standardized response means to describe responsiveness were evaluated. Subgroup analyses compared participants with and without additional arthroscopic procedures using linear mixed models.

Results:

At baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months, the PROMIS PF CAT showed excellent or excellent-good correlations with the SF-36 PF ( r = 0.75-0.80, P < .01), KOOS-ADL ( r = 0.63-0.70, P < .01), and KOOS-sport ( r = 0.32-0.69, P < .01); excellent-good correlation with the EQ-5D ( r = 0.60-0.71, P < .01); and good correlation with the KOOS-QOL ( r = 0.52-0.58, P < .01). As expected, there were poor correlations with the MARS ( r = 0.00-0.24, P < .01) and SF-36 GH ( r = 0.16-0.34, P < .01 ). At 2 years, the PROMIS PF CAT showed good to excellent correlations with all PRO instruments ( r = 0.42-0.72, P < .01), including the MARS ( r = 0.42, P < .01), indicating frequent return to preinjury function. The PROMIS PF CAT had the fewest ceiling or floor effects of all instruments tested, and patients answered, on average, 4 questions. There was no significant difference in baseline physical function scores between subgroups; at follow-up, all groups showed improvements in scores that were not statistically different.

Conclusion:

The PROMIS PF CAT is a valid tool to assess outcomes after ACL reconstruction up to 2 years after surgery, demonstrating the highest responsiveness to change with the fewest ceiling and floor effects and a low time burden among all instruments tested. The PROMIS PF CAT is a beneficial alternative for assessing physical function in adults before and after ACL reconstruction.
Population Health and Cost-Effectiveness Implications of a “Treat All” Recommendation for HCV: A Review of the Model-Based Evidence
Authors: Cipriano Lauren E. , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D.
Published: May 2018

The World Health Organization HCV Guideline Development Group is considering a “treat all” recommendation for persons infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We reviewed the model-based evidence of cost-effectiveness and population health impacts comparing expanded treatment policies to more limited treatment access policies, focusing primarily on evaluations of all-oral directly acting antivirals published after 2012. Searching PubMed, we identified 2,917 unique titles. Sequentially reviewing titles and abstracts identified 226 potentially relevant articles for full-text review. Sixty-nine articles met all inclusion criteria—42 cost-effectiveness analyses and 30 models of population-health impacts, with 3 articles presenting both types of analysis. Cost-effectiveness studies for many countries concluded that expanding treatment to people with mild liver fibrosis, who inject drugs (PWID), or who are incarcerated is generally cost-effective compared to more restrictive treatment access policies at country-specific prices. For certain patient subpopulations in some countries—for example, elderly individuals without fibrosis—treatment is only cost-effective at lower prices. A frequent limitation is the omission of benefits and consequences of HCV transmission (i.e., treatment as prevention; risks of reinfection), which may underestimate or overestimate the cost-effectiveness of a “treat all” policy. Epidemiologic modeling studies project that through a combination of prevention, aggressive screening and diagnosis, and prompt treatment for all fibrosis stages, it may be possible to virtually eliminate HCV in many countries. Studies show that if resources are not available to diagnose and treat all HCV-infected individuals, treatment prioritization may be needed, with alternative prioritization strategies resulting in tradeoffs between reducing mortality or reducing incidence. Notably, because most new HCV infections are among PWID in many settings, HCV elimination requires unrestricted treatment access combined with injection transmission disruption strategies. The model-based evidence suggests that a properly constructed strategy that substantially expands HCV treatment could achieve cost-effective improvements in population health in many countries.
Acromial Fractures in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Clinical and Radiographic Analysis
Authors: Werthel Jean-David , Schoch Bradley S , van Veen Steven C , Elhassan Bassem T , An Kai-Nan , Cofield Robert H , Sperling John W
Published: May 2018

Background

The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of acromial stress fractures in a population of reverse shoulder arthroplasties (RSA) and determine potential risk factors for fracture.

Patients and Methods

Between August 2004 and December 2013, 1082 primary RSA were performed at a single institution. Twelve (1.11%) patients were diagnosed with a postoperative acromial stress fracture. This group was case-matched to a control group of 48 shoulders. Clinical and radiographic risk factors for fracture were assessed.

Results

Compared to controls, fractures were less satisfied with their outcome despite equivalent American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, pain scores, and range of motion. Osteoporosis was significantly associated with acromial fractures ( P = .027). A smaller lateral offset of the greater tuberosity, greater arm lengthening, and a thinner acromion were more common in the fracture group ( P = .026, P = .004, and P = .008, respectively).

Conclusions

In summary, postoperative acromial stress fractures appear to be incidental lesions with little influence on the outcome after RSA. The combination of a thin acromion and superior migration of the humeral head increase the risk of acromial fracture. Lateralized designs that do not excessively verticalize the deltoid line of pull on the acromion may decrease the risk of postoperative acromial fractures.
Identification of patients with hemoglobin SS/Sβ0 thalassemia disease and pain crises within electronic health records
Authors: Singh Ashima , Mora Javier , Panepinto Julie A.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

The algorithms have high sensitivity and specificity to identify patients with hemoglobin SS/Sβ0 thalassemia and acute care pain encounters. Codes conforming to common data model are provided to facilitate adoption of algorithms and standardize definitions for EHR-based research.
Notch-1 Signaling Activation and Progesterone Receptor Expression in Ectopic Lesions of Women With Endometriosis
Authors: Brown Dustin M , Lee Hsiu-Chi , Liu Shi , Quick Charles M , Fernandes Lorenzo M , Simmen Frank A , Tsai Shaw-Jenq , Simmen Rosalia C M
Published: May 2018

Context

Progesterone (P) resistance is a hallmark of endometriosis, but the underlying mechanism(s) for loss of P sensitivity leading to lesion establishment remains poorly understood.

Objective

To evaluate the association between Notch-1 signaling activation and P resistance in the progression of endometriosis.

Design

Case control study; archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

Setting

University hospitals (United States, Taiwan).

Patients

Women with endometriosis; human endometrial stromal cell line (HESC).

Intervention

Eutopic endometria (EU) and ectopic lesions (ECs) were collected from surgically diagnosed patients. Archived tissue sections of EU and ECs were identified. HESCs were treated with N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) and valproic acid (VPA) to, respectively, suppress and induce Notch-1 activation.

Outcome Measures

Tissues were analyzed for Notch Intra-Cellular Domain 1 (NICD1) and progesterone receptor (PGR) protein expression by immunohistochemistry and for transcript levels of NICD1 target genes HES1, PGR, and PGR-B by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. DAPT- or VPA-treated HESCs with and without P cotreatment were evaluated for cell numbers and for PGR, HES1, and PGR target gene DKK1 transcript levels.

Results

Nuclear-localized stromal NICD1 protein levels were inversely associated with those of total PGR in EU and ECs. Stromal ECs displayed higher HES1 and lower total PGR and PGR-B transcript levels than EU. In HESCs, DAPT reduction of NICD1 decreased cell numbers and increased PGR transcript and nuclear PGR protein levels and, with P cotreatment, maintained P sensitivity. Conversely, VPA induction of NICD1 decreased PGR transcript levels and, with P cotreatment, abrogated P-induced DKK1 and maintained HES1 transcript levels.

Conclusions

Aberrant Notch-1 activation is associated with decreased PGR that contributes to P resistance in endometriosis.
miR-133 mediated regulation of the hedgehog pathway orchestrates embryo myogenesis
Authors: Mok Gi Fay , Lozano-Velasco Estefania , Maniou Eirini , Viaut Camille , Moxon Simon , Wheeler Grant , Münsterberg Andrea
Published: May 2018

Skeletal myogenesis serves as a paradigm to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying exquisitely regulated cell fate decisions in developing embryos. The evolutionary conserved miR-133 family of microRNAs is expressed in the myogenic lineage, but how it acts remains incompletely understood. Here we performed genome-wide differential transcriptomics of miR-133 knock-down (KD) embryonic somites, the source of vertebrate skeletal muscle. This revealed extensive downregulation of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway components: patched receptors, Hedgehog interacting protein, and the transcriptional activator, Gli1. By contrast Gli3, a transcriptional repressor, was de-repressed and confirmed as a direct miR-133 target. Phenotypically, miR-133 KD impaired myotome formation and growth by disrupting proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition and epithelialization. Together this suggests that miR-133 mediated Gli3 silencing is critical for embryonic myogenesis. Consistent with this idea we found that activation of Shh signalling by either purmorphamine, or KD of Gli3 by antisense morpholino (MO) rescued the miR-133 KD phenotype. We identify a novel Shh/MRF/miR-133/Gli3 axis that connects epithelial morphogenesis with myogenic fate specification.
Monetary Policy and Exchange Rate: Effects on Disaggregated Prices in a FAVAR Model for Brazil
Authors: Rocha Lima Elcyon Caiado , Martinez Thiago Sevilhano , Cerqueira Vinícius Santos
Published: May 2018

This paper investigates the effects of monetary and exchange rate shocks on disaggregated prices of the Brazilian Consumer Price Index (IPCA), from 1999 to 2011, using a factor-augmented vector autoregressive model (FAVAR). We estimate the model with Bayesian techniques, and construct impulse-response functions using sign restrictions over the responses of macroeconomic variables. The main results are: a) taking into account the weights, 50% of the rates of price change at the sub-items level fell after a monetary shock and 40% rose after exchange rate's shock; b) only 0.3% of the sub-items showed price puzzle for monetary shocks and 4.7% for exchange rate shocks; c) macroeconomic shocks are more persistent than series-specific shocks; d) for the sub-itens, series-specific shocks are the main determinants of the variance, but macro shocks are more influent over aggregated series e) the answers are different according to the sector considered.
СТРУКТУРА МЕТОДА ВОСПИТАНИЯ И ЕЕ ПРОГНОСТИЧЕСКАЯ ФУНКЦИЯ
Authors: Gaifutdinov Azat Minabutdinovich , Gaifutdinova Tatyana Viktorovna
Published: May 2018

Цель. Статья посвящена слабо изученному вопросу в теории воспитания – структуре методов воспитания. Предметом анализа выступает содержание методов воспитания. Авторы ставят целью определение способа строгой фиксации и описания метода, основных элементов структуры метода воспитания и ее видов.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образует историко-педагогический анализ, теоретическое обобщение и интерпретация результатов педагогических и историко-педагогических исследований, метод аналогии.Результаты. Авторы на основе изучения содержания методов воспитания определяют основные элементы их структуры: характер действий, последовательность их выполнения, результат применения метода. Предлагается единый подход к описанию методов, который включает: цель (планируемые результаты применения данного метода воспитания); исходные данные (возраст учащихся и др. особенности); характер действий; действия (приемы метода) и последовательность их выполнения. Определяется один из трех основных видов структуры метода воспитания на основе характера действий метода на практике: линейная, циклическая или разветвляющаяся.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере педагогического проектирования и организации воспитательного процесса, научно-педагогического поиска и подготовки педагогических кадров.
ENVOLVIMENTO DO ESTUDANTE E TAMANHO DA ESCOLA: UM ESTUDO COMPARADO ENTRE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS NA CIDADE DO RECIFE
Authors: Carmo Erinaldo Ferreira , Barroso Ravenna Merêncio Oliveira
Published: May 2018

Envolvimento do estudante e tamanho da escola: um estudo comparado entre escolas públicas na cidade do Recife
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O COTIDIANO EM UMA TURMA DE ACELERAÇÃO
Authors: Coelho Andressa Batista , Pinto Dandara Ribeiro , Biondo Franco Gomes , Piubel Thays Merolla
Published: May 2018

Este texto tem como objetivo compartilhar a experiência do grupo de pesquisa e extensão ConPAS – Conversas entre Professores: Alteridades e Singularidades – formado por docentes e graduandos de diversas licenciaturas, ambos da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. A partir da vivência do grupo em uma escola municipal da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, o texto apresenta algumas considerações a partir de duas perspectivas: formação docente inicial e continuada; e práticas escolares cotidianas. Tais reflexões tratam do que foi experienciado pelo grupo durante o ano em que acompanhou uma turma do Programa Acelera Brasil, elaborado pelo Instituto Ayrton Senna. O texto propõe refletir acerca da falta de efetividade de um modelo de educação pautado na parceria público-privada e na centralidade do material didático, avaliando de que maneira essa conjuntura repercute na autonomia docente e nos sujeitos-alvo dessa política, os estudantes, reforçando a identidade do fracasso escolar.
FRICÇÕES DE UMA TRAMA PEDAGÓGICA: O CONHECIMENTO SE CONSTRÓI NO ENCONTRO COM O MUNDO
Authors: Pereira Dilson Miklos
Published: May 2018

O artigo apresenta um recorte da pesquisa em curso no doutorado e integra uma das ações desenvolvidas no âmbito do Projeto Arqueologia de Saberes, Imagens e Afetos, uma experiência que aflora narrativas, imagens e sentidos no espaço da disciplina Arte e Educação, do Curso de Pedagogia de uma instituição de ensino superior do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.  A ação pedagógica oportunizada, em questão, foi a apropriação de um objeto prosaico da sociedade de consumo: um marcador de texto que reproduz a imagem gráfica de uma obra da artista plástica e escritora Sonia Lins. Walter Benjamin, Mikhail Bakhtin, Fayga Ostrower e Gilles Deleuze iluminam o percurso, possibilitando uma leitura que evidencia uma estética do cotidiano e o encontro com o outro e com o mundo.  As narrativas discentes, que emergem dessa experiência estética e ética, revelam uma diversidade de olhares e capturas simbólicas. No cerne, o exercício de uma humanidade que contesta ações e valores que brutalizam o sujeito nos diversos contextos da vida.
Indian novice nurses' perceptions of their role in caring for women who have experienced intimate partner violence
Authors: Gandhi Sailaxmi , Poreddi Vijayalakshmi , Nikhil Reddy SS , Palaniappan Marimuthu , Math Suresh Bada
Published: May 2018

Background:

intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant health problem and a gross violation of the human rights of women. Nurses play an important role in providing support for these women. There is limited research on nurses' understanding and perceptions of their role in caring for women with IPV issues in India.

Aim:

to assess novice nurses' perceptions of self-efficacy, educational preparedness and their role in this area. Methods: this was a cross-sectional descriptive survey carried out among a convenience sample of novice nurses (n=83) at a tertiary care centre using self-reported questionnaires.

Results:

a majority of the subjects were confident and had adequate knowledge in dealing with women who have experienced IPV. A significantly positive relationship was found between educational preparedness and self-efficacy and attitudes towards nurses' roles in caring for these women.

Conclusion:

novice nurses were confident and held positive attitudes towards women who experienced IPV. Yet their self-efficacy in caring for these patients could be improved through continuing education and there is an urgent need to integrate comprehensive training on IPV to improve clinical competencies, including how to refer women for further support.
Framing unpopular policies and creating policy winners: the role of heresthetics
Authors: Drew Joseph , Fahey Glenn
Published: May 2018

This article deals with a critical challenge for policymakers: how can political actors become policy winners in areas where they have previously experienced resounding losses? To address this puzzle, the article develops William Riker's concept of heresthetic, which describes how clever actors can disrupt the equilibrium of the political opposition by re-framing people's choices in such a way that they are inclined to contribute to their cause. Specifically, we propose a new analytical framework that enables scholars to trace and explain the various strategies available to politicians who seek to advance seemingly detrimental or risky policies in circumstances of uncertainty and complexity. This is applied to the surprising case of education reforms advanced by Australia's Liberal–National Coalition. In doing so, the article affirms the importance of vicarious instruction for aspiring herestheticians, the media, and the citizens whom they seek to manipulate.
LABORATORY EVALUATION ON PERFORMANCE OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC MORTAR PIPE CULVERTS
Authors: Shi Huawang , Wei Lianyu
Published: May 2018

This paper investigated the performance and behaviour of glass fiber reinforced plastic mortar (FRPM) pipes under different loading conditions. FRPM pipes with inner diameter of 1500 mm were prefabricated in factory. Mechanics performance testing (ring and axial compressive strength and elastic modulus), stiffness and fatigue test were carried out in laboratory. Ring stiffness test provided pipe stiffness (PS) which is a function of geometry and material type of pipe through parallel plate loading test (PPLT). The fatigue test and micro-structure measure method were used to evaluate the durability effects of FRPM under repeated compression load. Results indicated that FRPM pipes had better mechanic performances as the road culverts under soils. It may be helpful for the design and construction of FRPM culverts.
La construcción del ethos del investigador en educación: La perspectiva de estudiantes
Authors: Yurén Teresa , García Luis Enrique , Ramírez Evelyn Moctezuma , Agüero Silvia Briseño , Escalante Ana Esther
Published: May 2018

Los cuerpos académicos (CA) son grupos de investigación formados en México a principios del presente siglo en el marco de una política de desarrollo del profesorado de educación superior, que tienen a su cargo posgrados para formar investigadores. Indagamos acerca de lo que estudiantes de posgrado en el campo de la educación opinan acerca de lo que hacen los/as profesores/as integrantes de esos CA para ayudarles a conformar el ethos de un investigador. Entrevistamos 67 estudiantes de posgrado en el campo de la educación (43 mujeres y 24 hombres) de tres universidades. Seguimos una metodología cualitativa que combina la etnografía con la teoría fundamentada y utilizamos el software Atlas ti para sistematizar la información.  Encontramos que los estudiantes consideran que basta con apropiarse de la eticidad (valores y pautas de conducta) para actuar éticamente y consideran la tutoría del profesor ético como clave en ese proceso. No aluden a estrategias para ayudarles a: tomar decisiones en relación con valores o normas en conflicto (juicio moral), juzgar problemas de equidad (juicio prudencial) y asumir responsabilidad en relación con el futuro de la humanidad. Esto revela que el apoyo que brindan los CA para construir el ethos del investigador es insuficiente.
A Differential UWB Quasi-Yagi Antenna with A Reconfigurable Notched Band
Authors: Wei Feng , Zou Xin Tong , Wang Xin Yi , Li Bin , Zhao Xi Bei
Published: May 2018

A compact differential ultra-wide band (UWB) planar quasi-Yagi antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a balanced stepped-impedance microstrip-slotline transition structure, a driver dipole and one parasitic strip. A wide differential-mode (DM) impedance bandwidth covering from 3.8 to 9.5 GHz is realized. Meanwhile, a high and wideband common-mode (CM) suppression can be achieved by employing the balanced stepped-impedance microstrip-slotline transition structure. It is noted that the DM passband is independent from the CM response, which can significantly simplify the design procedure. In addition, a reconfigurable sharp DM notched band from 5.6 to 6.7 GHz is generated by adding one pair of quarter-wavelength varactor-loaded short-circuited stubs adjacent to the microstrip line symmetrically. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the design, two prototypes of the antennas are designed, fabricated, and measured. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed.
Insect assemblages and their preference for Lupinus albus and L. luteus
Authors: Nikolova I. , Georgieva N.
Published: May 2018

While lupin has undergone extensive research to ascertain its suitability for growth as forage or grain legume crop, the present trend is for research to be centered on its applicability in the seed protein and oil industry. Study of the literature showed that no intensive study of the lupin insect fauna had been carried out in Bulgaria. The purpose of this study was to identify the insect assemblages associated with Lupinus albus and L. luteus, as well as the insect preference for them. Thrips sampling was made by the tapping-method, aphids were directly counted on the plants and the composition and population density of other species were recorded by sweepings. Insect fauna was studied for the first time in Bulgaria. The fauna was represented on L. albus by 64 species, belonging to eight orders, 28 families and 57 genera, including 23 beetles, 25 hemipteras, five thrips, three butterflies, three bees, one leaf aphid, two grasshoppers, one leafminer and one green lacewing. L. luteus had similar species composition but was less preferred by insects. The use of lupin cultivars with shorter and intense reproductive periods, with a lower content of crude protein and phosphorus, would give an environmentally friendly protection against insect pests, which would be suitable for an organic production system.
Thermal properties variations in unconsolidated material for very shallow geothermal application (ITER project)
Authors: Sipio Eloisa Di , Bertermann David
Published: May 2018

In engineering, agricultural and meteorological project design, sediment thermal properties are highly important parameters, and thermal conductivity plays a fundamental role when dimensioning ground heat exchangers, especially in very shallow geothermal systems. Herein, the first 2 m of depth from surface is of critical importance. However, the heat transfer determination in unconsolidated material is difficult to estimate, as it depends on several factors, including particle size, bulk density, water content, mineralogy composition and ground temperature. The performance of a very shallow geothermal system, as a horizontal collector or heat basket, is strongly correlated to the type of sediment at disposal and rapidly decreases in the case of dry-unsaturated conditions. The available experimental data are often scattered, incomplete and do not fully support thermo-active ground structure modeling. The ITER project, funded by the European Union, contributes to a better knowledge of the relationship between thermal conductivity and water content, required for understanding the very shallow geothermal systems behaviour in saturated and unsaturated conditions. So as to enhance the performance of horizontal geothermal heat exchangers, thermally enhanced backfilling material were tested in the laboratory, and an overview of physical-thermal properties variations under several moisture and load conditions for different mixtures of natural material was here presented.
Local convergence for an eighth order method for solving equations and systems of equations
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , George Santhosh
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study is to extend the applicability of an eighth convergence order method from thek−dimensional Euclidean space to a Banach space setting. We use hypotheses only on the first derivative to show the local convergence of the method. Earlier studies use hypotheses up to the eighth derivative although only the first derivative and a divided difference of order one appear in the method. Moreover, we provide computable error bounds based on Lipschitz-type functions.
Dry-Land Resistance Training Practices of Elite Swimming Strength and Conditioning Coaches
Authors: Crowley Emmet , Harrison Andrew J. , Lyons Mark
Published: May 2018

Crowley, E, Harrison, AJ, and Lyons, M. Dry-land resistance training practices of elite swimming strength and conditioning coaches. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2592–2600, 2018—No research to date has investigated dry-land resistance (RT) training practices of elite swimming strength and conditioning coaches. This is the first comprehensive study exploring dry-land RT training practices in swimming. The aims of this study were to examine (a) the dry-land RT training practices and exercises used by elite swimming strength and conditioning coaches and (b) the rationale provided by coaches about their practices and prescription of specific dry-land RT training exercises. Twenty-three (n = 21 males, n = 2 females) elite swimming strength and conditioning coaches, from Ireland (n = 7), Great Britain (n = 5), Australia (n = 6), and the United States of America (n = 5) were recruited through their specific national governing bodies. Coaches completed an online questionnaire consisting of 7 sections; subject information, informed consent, coach's biography, coach education, current training commitments, dry-land RT training practices and exercises, and additional information. The results showed that coaches had varying levels of experience, education and worked with different level swimmers. A total of 95 dry-land RT training exercises were used by the coaches across 4 different dry-land RT training practices (warm-up, circuit training, traditional RT training and plyometrics). Traditional RT training (87%) was the most commonly practiced. The pull-up and squat were the most popular dry-land RT training exercises used by elite swimming strength and conditioning coaches. Future research needs to focus on exploring the specificity and the transfer of RT training exercises to swimming performance.
High- vs. Low-Intensity Fatiguing Eccentric Exercise on Muscle Thickness, Strength, and Blood Flow
Authors: Hill Ethan C. , Housh Terry J. , Smith Cory M. , Keller Joshua L. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O.
Published: May 2018

Hill, EC, Housh, TJ, Smith, CM, Keller, JL, Schmidt, RJ, and Johnson, GO. High- vs. low-intensity fatiguing eccentric exercise on muscle thickness, strength, and blood flow. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 33–40, 2021—The purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute effects of equal volumes of fatiguing high- vs. low-intensity eccentric muscle actions on changes in muscle thickness, echo intensity, muscle blood flow, and adipose thickness. Eighteen men (mean ± SD = 23.2 ± 3.0 years) performed eccentric peak torque (PT) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) trials before (pretest), immediately after (posttest), and 5 minutes after (recovery) performing randomly ordered fatiguing eccentric, isokinetic (180°·s−1) muscle actions of the elbow flexors at 40% (72 repetitions) or 80% (36 repetitions) of eccentric PT. Muscle thickness, exercise-induced edema, muscle blood flow, and adipose thickness were also assessed via ultrasound at pretest, posttest, and recovery. There were no intensity-specific effects on the patterns of responses for eccentric PT, MVIC, muscle thickness, echo intensity, muscle blood flow, or adipose thickness. There were, however, effects across time that decreased from pretest to posttest and from pretest to recovery for eccentric PT (21.5 and 13.0%), MVIC (14.6 and 5.8%), and adipose thickness (10.0 and 6.0%), but increased for muscle thickness (7.6 and 5.9%), echo intensity (13.7 and 9.9%), and muscle blood flow (129.6 and 90.1%) (collapsed across 40 and 80%). These findings indicated that when matched for exercise volume, there were no intensity-related effects on the increases in muscle thickness, echo intensity, muscle blood flow, or the decreases in eccentric PT, MVIC, and adipose thickness after fatiguing eccentric muscle actions. Therefore, exercise volume, independent of exercise intensity and number of repetitions, may be a mediating factor of muscle fatigue and performance during eccentric muscle actions.
Female Coaches in Strength and Conditioning—Why So Few?
Authors: O'Malley Lynne Marie , Greenwood Sallie
Published: May 2018

A SUBSTANTIAL ISSUE IN SPORTING PROFESSIONS TODAY, INCLUDING ELITE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING, IS SEX IMBALANCE. ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN'S ROLES ARE COMPLEX AND INSTITUTIONALLY ENTRENCHED, CONTRIBUTING TO BARRIERS TO WOMEN'S SUCCESS. ALTHOUGH REAL ISSUES STILL EXIST FOR TODAY'S ELITE FEMALE STRENGTH COACHES, MURMURINGS OF CHANGE ARE AUDIBLE. FURTHER RESEARCH ON WHY SEX IMBALANCE IN STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING MATTERS AS WELL AS THE CREATION OF A CULTURE WHERE WOMEN FEEL INCLUDED AND WANTED IS PART OF THE SOLUTION. THIS ARTICLE WILL FOCUS ON WOMEN IN STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING, AND SITUATES IT WITHIN A BROADER SOCIAL CONTEXT.
Mechanistic and Economic Impacts of Using Asphalt Rubber Mixtures at Various Vehicle Speeds
Authors: Souliman Mena I. , Abd El-Hakim Ragaa , Davis Mark , Gc Hemant , Walubita Lubinda
Published: May 2018

In the application of hot-mix asphalt pavement (HMA), tension at the bottom of the HMA layer creates one of the most challenging distresses to pavement structures, fatigue cracking. Adding rubber to the asphalt mix can extend the life of a pavement and provide an end use for old tires that would otherwise end up in a landfill. It is already known that the initial construction cost of an asphalt rubber mix will be higher than that of a conventional mix. However, the purpose of this article is to investigate if the reduced layer thickness and improved fatigue life will offset the initial cost. After completing a mechanistic analysis using the FHWA software package named 3D Move (University of Nevada, Reno, NV), the pavement thickness required to last for 50,000,000 cycles (the estimated endurance limit) was found to be much less for asphalt rubber mixes as opposed to the reference HMA. The cost to construct one lane mile of the reference mix pavement designed for 113 kph traffic was $190,031, while the cost for asphalt rubber mix at the same speed came out to be $187,629. This is a $2,402 difference. Additionally, the cost to construct 1.6 km of lane of the reference mix and asphalt rubber mix for four more different vehicle speeds was calculated. Overall, analysis showed that Asphalt Rubber (AR) modified asphalt mixtures exhibited significantly lower cost of pavement per 1,000 cycles of fatigue life per mile compared to the conventional HMA mixture.
Small-Strain and Large-Strain Modulus Measurements with a Consolidation Device
Authors: Zhao Yi , Mahmood Nabeel S. , Coffman Richard A.
Published: May 2018

By using a back-pressure saturated, constant rate-of-strain consolidation device with bender elements (BP-CRS-BE), values of large-strain constrained modulus (M) and small-strain shear modulus (Gmax) were obtained from tests performed on kaolinite soil specimens. The methodology and procedures that were utilized to obtain values of M, Gmax, large-strain shear modulus (G), drained Poisson’s ratio (ν), horizontal effective stress (σh′), vertical effective stress (σv′), specific volume (v), coefficient of lateral earth pressure during unloading (K0,UL), and drained friction angle (ϕ′) are discussed herein. The following five observations were made. (1) The Gmax values increased with increasing values of σv′ and decreased with increasing values of the overconsolidation ratio (OCR). (2) The Gmax values that were obtained by utilizing correlations and the large-strain BP-CRS-BE testing data (identified as GmaxCRS,p′), which were back-calculated by considering the modulus reduction, matched the Gmax values that were obtained from the bender element measurements within the BP-CRS-BE device (Gmax,BE). (3) The ν values increased with increasing σv′ values but decreased with the increasing void ratio (e) values. (4) The K0,UL values increased with increasing OCR values. (5) The ϕ values that were calculated for the soil that was tested within the BP-CRS-BE device by using the K0,UL-OCR data that were obtained from the BP-CRS-BE device (21.2°, 16.0°, and 24.7°) were similar to the ϕ′ values that were obtained from modified Mohr-Coulomb diagram from triaxial tests on the same soil (20.7°).
Critical Intercultural Mentoring and Allying
Authors: Eguchi Shinsuke , Collier Mary Jane
Published: May 2018

In this essay, we write about our collaborative experiences with faculty mentoring/allying relationships using autoethnography. From two different locations of academic faculty standing, we articulate that faculty mentoring/allying relationships can be sites of critical intercultural communication praxis in which differences informed by historical and existing power relations are productively discussed and acknowledged. However, these are easier to talk about than to practice. Thus, we share our continuing struggle to complicate the notion of faculty mentoring/allying and offer our experiences as complex, fluid, multiple, and contextual productions and constitutions of differences.
“Bibliografía. Obras Publicadas en el Extranjero Acerca de la República de Costa Rica Durante el Siglo XIX”. Notas Compiladas y Ordenadas por el Prof. Paul Biolley Matthey (1902)
Authors: Díaz Bolaños Ronald Eduardo , Solano Chaves Flora Julieta
Published: May 2018

El texto, “Bibliografía. Obras publicadas en el extranjero acerca de la República de Costa Rica durante el siglo XIX” fue una de las primeras recopilaciones de literatura científica realizada en el país por el Prof. Paul Biolley Matthey (1862-1908), uno de los profesores suizos radicados en el territorio costarricense al finalizar la década de 1880. Para ello, el compilador debió consultó centenares de textos, muchos de ellos publicados en revistas científicas especializadas en geografía, zoología, botánica y ornitología.
La producción de vehículos de memoria colectiva y su recepción como problema metodológico en el contexto de la mundialización.
Authors: Abarca Hernández Oriester
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar algunos problemas metodológicos relacionados con recepción de los vehículos oficiales (producidos por el estado) de la memoria colectiva; también expone el problema del reduccionismo en que algunos trabajos historiográficos incurren al asumir al estado-nación como marco único de referencia.
Privacidad y protección de datos: un análisis de legislación comparada
Authors: Chen Mok Susan
Published: May 2018

El trabajo presenta un análisis de la privacidad y protección de datos desde la perspectiva del comercio electrónico. Se presenta los principios y las garantías de protección de datos que deben prevalecer y su aplicación e interpretación en un ambiente de comercio electrónico. Se realiza un análisis comparativo de las normas constitucionales, leyes y proyectos relacionados con la temática de privacidad y protección de datos de seis países latinoamericanos: Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México y Perú. Se presenta la jurisprudencia aplicada por la Sala Constitucional costarricense en esta materia. Y por último se realiza un análisis del Proyecto de Ley 15178 Ley de Protección de la Persona Frente al Tratamiento de sus Datos Personales de Costa Rica presentando sus aciertos, vacíos y recomendaciones.
Análisis del Impacto en Costa Rica de los Ciclones Tropicales Ocurridos en el Mar Caribe desde 1968 al 2007
Authors: Alfaro Martínez Eric J. , Quesada Román Adolfo , Solano Chaves Flora Julieta
Published: May 2018

El estudio de la actividad de los ciclones tropicales, así como su caracterización histórica en la región centroamericana, es una prioridad para apoyar las actividades de mitigación del impacto que estos fenómenos provocan en las diversas zonas del istmo. Basado en lo anterior, en este trabajo se definen para Costa Rica, los años de alto o bajo impacto por el paso de ciclones tropicales en el Caribe considerando variables asociadas a la trayectoria del evento, la permanencia del mismo cerca del istmo y la frecuencia de los fenómenos en la cuenca. El análisis mostró que la mayor probabilidad de ocurrencia de los ciclones tropicales cerca de América Central se presenta durante el trimestre agosto-setiembre-octubre. Se observó también, que durante los años que mostraron altas ocurrencias de ciclones cerca de América Central, el Atlántico Tropical Norte presentó campos con anomalías positivas en la temperatura superficial del mar y la humedad relativa en 700 hPa, y negativas en la presión media al nivel del mar. Además, Costa Rica posee una rica fuente en información sobre desastres de origen natural que afectaron directamente centros poblacionales y diversos sectores socio-económicos, como el agropecuario, energía y transporte, entre otros. Esto permitió el detalle de los desastres sufridos en Costa Rica por ciclones tropicales durante las últimas cuatro décadas. El trabajo indicó que la tendencia encontrada en el reporte anual de impactos por eventos hidrometeorológicos, no puede ser explicada totalmente por efectos climáticos, lo que hace necesario incluir variables de otro tipo, como las socio-económicas.
Reconstrucción histórica de dos Áreas Naturales Protegidas en México
Authors: Órdoñez Díaz María De Jesús Hermenegilda
Published: May 2018

Con el presente trabajo presentamos dos áreas naturales protegidas, ubicadas en dos regiones ecológicas y culturales representativas de la biodiversidad de México: Zona Protectora Forestal Cañadas de Contreras Distrito Federal y la reserva de Biosfera, Sierra de Huautla Morelos. Aplicando el enfoque de metabolismo social, etnográfico y cualitativo se evalúa la evolución de la propiedad en nuestro país y su relación con los procesos demográficos y socioeconómicos. A partir de información documental, cartográfica y de entrevistas individuales y talleres se hizo la reconstrucción histórica de las dos regiones naturales para saber cómo la tenencia de la tierra ha afectado y afecta el modo de apropiación y percepción de los recursos naturales que se detentan en las dos regiones.
“El nacimiento de una ciencia” La arqueología mexicana durante el porfiriato
Authors: Ramírez Sámano María Del Rocío
Published: May 2018

Comenzar un texto con un título tan debatible como es el de pensar el momento en el cuál se dael “nacimiento” de una ciencia, en este caso de la arqueología en México, pone de manifiesto lanecesidad de replantear el papel de esta disciplina científica en la historia mexicana, sobre todopor la utilización que esta disciplina ha tenido por parte del aparato del poder para formular undiscurso de tipo nacionalista, para de esta manera poder pensar el momento en el que “nació”dicha ciencia en el país. Al hacer una revisión historiográfica respecto a la manera en que seha visto la arqueología en México, pude percatarme de la inmensa laguna que sobre el temaexiste en la época denominada porfiriato1, momento clave para dicha disciplina, pues duranteel gobierno de Porfirio Díaz, un poco más de 30 años, se llevaron a cabo los primeros trabajosarqueológicos con apoyo gubernamental, creándose la primera zona arqueológica en México;por lo que podemos decir que fue la primera vez que se hizo arqueología mexicana y, sobretodo, se creó una infraestructura para institucionalizarla. Por ello el objetivo de esta ponenciaes analizar el papel que jugo la arqueología durante el porfiriato, su institucionalización a partirde la promulgación de leyes de protección de monumentos arqueológicos, de la creación dela Inspección General de Monumentos Arqueológicos de la República Mexicana, que con eltiempo desembocaría en le Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; así como el desempeñode Leopoldo Batres al frente de dicha Inspección.
El primer seguro social de Costa Rica
Authors: Zamora Zamora Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2018

Durante la primera parte del siglo XIX Costa Rica pasó de ser Provincia del Reino de Guatemala,a Estado de la Federación Centroamericana y, finalmente República independiente. BraulioCarrillo fue una figura dominante de esta trasformación. Estos cambios políticos impulsaron lasideas de desarrollo nacional para lo cual era necesario estimular el comercio internacional. Estatrasformación puso de manifiesto la necesidad de mejorar la infraestructura vial, concretamentela construcción de un camino desde el interior del país hacia el Caribe. El gobierno propuso en1839 el proyecto de construcción de “El Camino a Matina”, lugar cercano al Puerto de Moín,iniciando su construcción en 1840. Las malas condiciones ambientales produjeron estragos enla salud de los trabajadores lo que condujo a la creación de un sistema para atender a quienesenfermaban. Este reporte analiza la creación de este modelo de atención sanitaria exclusivopara los trabajadores de El Camino a Matina cuyos elementos de obligatoriedad, prepago,financiamiento compartido, riesgos laborales y prestaciones en dinero le dan características deun seguro social rudimentario. Los hechos relatados revisten interés ya que ocurrieron variasdécadas antes del surgimiento de los seguros sociales en Alemania.
La Pachamama: Remedios y Hierberas
Authors: REINOSO G. ALFONSO PATRICIO
Published: May 2018

El proceso de mixtificación producido entre la cultura española y las culturas autóctonasno hicieron desaparecer los conocimientos, que, se han transmitido de generación engeneración. En tal circunstancia, el estudio etnomédico presentado, resalta y rescata valoresignorados y desconocidos actualmente, los que toman importancia dentro de la medicinaalternativa confundida maliciosamente con la brujería.El cariz manipulatorio de especies, a lo largo de la historia ha chocado con quienesdetentaban y detentan la estimación negativa de las sesiones de curación; sin embargo,es meritorio reconocer el empeño de instituciones públicas y privadas y de profesionalesde la medicina científica, en la valoración del saber médico tradicional, presentada comocomplementaria de la medicina moderna.El texto a consideración vuestra tiene dos partes. La primera aborda los fundamentosteóricos sobre la Pachamama como dadora de vida, la generación de las enfermedades trasla ruptura del equilibrio hombre-naturaleza y la restitución de ese orden; y, la segundacentra su análisis en el proceso de formación de las curanderas, sus métodos de diagnóstico yexpulsión de las enfermedades del cuerpo del paciente y el uso de la herbolaria y farmacopea endémica para el tratamiento. El estudio se enriquece con las fotos tomadas durante la ejecución del trabajo de campo y al final con un glosario de términos Kichua-Cañari.
Las teorías educativas; retos y consecuencias para la Universidad latinoamericana.
Authors: Toledo Lara Gustavo
Published: May 2018

América Latina comprende un conjunto de países con dinámicas sociales de historia reciente. Lajuventud de su vida republicana da pie, a que sea proclive a una evolución social permanente,en constante cambio. Las teorías educativas exportadas de otras latitudes, han traído comoconsecuencia que dentro de las políticas educativas nacionales, se evoque la necesidad de unaeducación superior socialmente pertinente, y que además, se asegure que es posible el nacimientode teorías socioeducativas latinoamericanas. El debate político venezolano cambia a partir de lainstauración de la democracia representativa en enero de 1958. Se habla de reforma en momentospolíticos álgidos, como por ejemplo la reforma universitaria dada para 1970. Esta acción fuecriticada y rechazada por la comunidad universitaria, y el gobierno de entonces, decide censurar,allanar y cerrar la Universidad Central de Venezuela. La universidad no puede mantenerseincólume ante los cambios que ocurren fuera de sus aulas.
Trasfondo familiar y mercado ocupacional de los profesionales de la danza en Costa Rica, finales del siglo XX y principios del XXI.
Authors: Peralta Fallas Margarita
Published: May 2018

Esta investigación tiene como fin analizar el origen familiar y el mercado ocupacional de losbailarines de danza en Costa Rica, tanto de finales del siglo XX como de principios del XXI.Por lo tanto, la problemática a abordar en este trabajo busca responder principalmente quiéneseran los bailarines o bailarinas que conformaban las compañías de danza en Costa Rica en losperíodos de tiempo antes citados.Los objetivos a desarrollar en este estudio son los siguientes. El objetivo general buscaanalizar la composición socio-económica y ocupacional de los profesionales de la danza de1980 al 2007. A partir de este objetivo general surgen cuatro objetivos específicos que pretendenestablecer la procedencia socio-económica y geográfica de los bailarines de danza de lascompañías nacionales, analizar comparativamente el mercado ocupacional público y privado,poniendo énfasis en las condiciones laborales (horario, salario y beneficios sociales) de ambosmercados y su estacionalidad, estudiar las otras opciones laborales no relacionadas con danzaque desarrollan estos bailarines y por último determinar las perspectivas a futuro de este mercadoocupacional.