bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
25 years of Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research (CIDRR): A modern bibliometric and Altmetrics network analysis
Authors: Sabri Hamoun , Nava Paolo , Barootchi Shayan , Tavelli Lorenzo , Monje Alberto , Nart José , Wang Hom‐Lay , Saleh Muhammad H. A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Since its establishment in 1999, the journal of Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research (CIDRR) has consistently disseminated notable clinical and translational research within the domain of oral implantology. As the journal approaches its milestone 25th anniversary, this study endeavors to systematically delineate the publication trends, level of evidence, and bibliometric indices characterizing the initial quarter‐century of CIDRR's scholarly activity. Notably, the investigation adopts a contemporary methodology by incorporating Altmetric analysis, thereby enriching the evaluation with an assessment of the broader societal and online impact of the published research.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed in SCOPUS and PubMed to access the bibliographic data of all articles published in the journal from 1999 to 2024. Additionally, Altmetric database was used to obtain social media attention scores (AAS). Journal's overall performance via impact factor and quartile range was assessed. Most cited papers were identified and the most prolific authors, institutions and countries and the collaboration networks among those were assessed. The level of evidence of all articles was determined based on Oxford level of evidence scale. All articles were categorized based on their major topic in the field of implant dentistry.

Results

Throughout its first 25 years of activity, CIDRR published 1912 articles with an annual growth rate of 2.67% and consistently being ranked at Q1 quartile in “Dentistry (miscellaneous)” and “Oral Surgery” journal categories. When clinical studies are considered, level I and II evidence constituted 22.82% and 11.82% of all articles, respectively. Sweden, the USA, and Italy as well as Göteborgs Universitet, Sahlgrenska Akademin. and Malmö Högskola were the most prolific countries and institutions respectively. “Implant system/design/characteristics,” “Bone Augmentation,” and “Implant Prosthesis” were the top most investigated topics.

Conclusions

The examination of the journal's initial 25 years highlighted that CIDRR has surpassed similar dental research journals in publishing a greater number of high‐level evidence articles. It also showcased diverse country‐ and author‐collaboration networks. However, the journal's social media presence is still evolving. This article, presenting a comprehensive overview of the journal's scientometric and bibliographic activities, serves as a valuable reference for researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders, offering insights into both traditional and contemporary perspectives.
BabyOSCAR: Support for measuring underlying coordination of spontaneous movements in infancy
Authors: Heathcock Jill
Published: May 2024

This commentary is on the original articles by Maziero Barbosa et al., Sukal‐Moulton et al., and Peyton et al. on pages 1502–1510, 1511–1520, and 1521–1528 of this issue.
Evidence for a role of synchrony but not common fate in the perception of biological group movements
Authors: Cracco Emiel , Papeo Liuba , Wiersema Jan R.
Published: May 2024

Extensive research has shown that observers are able to efficiently extract summary information from groups of people. However, little is known about the cues that determine whether multiple people are represented as a social group or as independent individuals. Initial research on this topic has primarily focused on the role of static cues. Here, we instead investigate the role of dynamic cues. In two experiments with male and female human participants, we use EEG frequency tagging to investigate the influence of two fundamental Gestalt principles ‐ synchrony and common fate ‐ on the grouping of biological movements. In Experiment 1, we find that brain responses coupled to four point‐light figures walking together are enhanced when they move in sync vs. out of sync, but only when they are presented upright. In contrast, we found no effect of movement direction (i.e., common fate). In Experiment 2, we rule out that synchrony takes precedence over common fate by replicating the null effect of movement direction while keeping synchrony constant. These results suggest that synchrony plays an important role in the processing of biological group movements. In contrast, the role of common fate is less clear and will require further research.
Temporal and regional expression changes and co‐staining patterns of metabolic and stemness‐related markers during glioblastoma progression
Authors: Kubelt Carolin , Gilles Lea , Hellmold Dana , Blumenbecker Tjorven , Peschke Eva , Will Olga , Ahmeti Hajrullah , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Jansen Olav , Lucius Ralph , Synowitz Michael , Held‐Feindt Janka
Published: May 2024

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are characterized by high heterogeneity, involving diverse cell types, including those with stem‐like features contributing to GBM's malignancy. Moreover, metabolic alterations promote growth and therapeutic resistance of GBM. Depending on the metabolic state, antimetabolic treatments could be an effective strategy. Against this background, we investigated temporal and regional expression changes and co‐staining patterns of selected metabolic markers [pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 1/2 (PKM1/2), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), monocarboxylate transporter 1/4 (MCT1/4)] in a rodent model and patient‐derived samples of GBM. To understand the cellular sources of marker expression, we also examined the connection of metabolic markers to markers related to stemness [Nestin, Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4)] in a regional and temporal context. Rat tumour biopsies revealed a temporally increasing expression of GLUT1, higher expression of MCT1/4, Nestin and KLF4, and lower expression of PKM1 compared to the contralateral hemisphere. Patient‐derived tumours showed a higher expression of PKM2 and Nestin in the tumour centre vs. edge. Whereas rare co‐staining of GLUT1/Nestin was found in tumour biopsies, PKM1/2 and MCT1/4 showed a more distinct co‐staining with Nestin in rats and humans. KLF4 was mainly co‐stained with GLUT1, MCT1 and PKM1/2 in rat and human tumours. All metabolic markers yielded individual co‐staining patterns among themselves. Co‐staining mainly occurred later in tumour progression and was more pronounced in tumour centres. Also, positive correlations were found amongst markers that showed co‐staining. Our results highlight a link between metabolic alterations and stemness in GBM progression, with complex distinctions depending on studied markers, time points and regions.
Causal association between circulating inflammatory cytokines and intracranial aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: He Qiang , Wang Wenjing , Xiong Yang , Tao Chuanyuan , Ma Lu , You Chao
Published: May 2024

Background and purpose

The causal association between inflammatory cytokines and the development of intracranial aneurysm (IA), unruptured IA (uIA) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) lacks clarity.

Methods

The summary‐level datasets for inflammatory cytokines were extracted from a genome‐wide association study of the Finnish Cardiovascular Risk in Young Adults Study and the FINRISK survey. The summary statistics datasets related to IA, uIA and SAH were obtained from the genome‐wide association study meta‐analysis of the International Stroke Genetics Consortium and FinnGen Consortium. The primary method employed for analysis was inverse variance weighting (false discovery rate), supplemented by sensitivity analyses to address pleiotropy and enhance robustness.

Results

In the International Stroke Genetics Consortium, 10, six and eight inflammatory cytokines exhibited a causal association with IA, uIA and SAH, respectively (false discovery rate, p < 0.05). In FinnGen datasets, macrophage Inflammatory Protein‐1 Alpha (MIP_1A), MIP_1A and interferon γ‐induced protein 10 (IP_10) were verified for IA, uIA and SAH, respectively. In the reverse Mendelian randomization analysis, the common cytokines altered by uIA and SAH were vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MIP_1A, IL_9, IL_10 and IL_17, respectively. The meta‐analysis results show that MIP_1A and IP_10 could be associated with the decreased risk of IA, and MIP_1A and IP_10 were associated with the decreased risk of uIA and SAH, respectively. Notably, the levels of VEGF, MIP_1A, IL_9, IL_10 and TNF_A were increased with uIA. Comprehensive heterogeneity and pleiotropy analyses confirmed the robustness of these results.

Conclusion

Our study unveils a bidirectional association between inflammatory cytokines and IA, uIA and SAH. Further investigations are essential to validate their relationship and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Rapid identification of Ripersiella (= Rhizoecus) hibisci (Kawai & Takagi, 1971) (Hemiptera: Rhizoecidae) with TaqMan probe‐based real‐time PCR
Authors: Rizzo D. , Moriconi M. , Carli M. , Stabile I. , Zubieta C. G. , Marrucci A. , Ranaldi C. , Palmigiano B. , d'Agostino A. , Guastini M. , Gilli G. , Bartolini L. , Miele F. , Bernardo U. , Rossi E.
Published: May 2024

Ripersiella hibisci (Kawai & Takagi, 1971) is a root mealybug included in the EPPO A1 list of pests recommended for regulation and an EU A1 Quarantine pest list (Annex IIA). This pest causes damage to several species of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous ornamental and foliage potted plants, especially bonsais. The underground location of R. hibisci makes its detection difficult during phytosanitary controls, and moreover, it can be confused with other non‐regulated species of mealybugs (e.g. Planococcus citri, P. ficus, Rhizoecus falcifer, Rhizoecus dianthi). Thus, a molecular test based on real‐time PCR was designed for rapid and unambiguous identification of this mealybug. Analytical sensitivity, analytical specificity, repeatability and reproducibility of the test were assessed as part of the validation. The test showed 100% analytical specificity (exclusivity and inclusivity), allowing the target to be distinguished from all non‐target species tested (exclusivity); the inclusivity was demonstrated, validating the test on different populations of the pest. The molecular test is an efficient tool for the identification of the root mealybug R. hibisci (in its various life stages), which is particularly useful when a rapid screening of samples is needed to limit or avoid the introduction of the pest.
The histological spectrum and immunoprofile of head and neck NUT carcinoma: A multicentre series of 30 cases
Authors: Viswanathan Kartik , Hahn Elan , Dogan Snjezana , Weinreb Ilan , Dickson Brendan C , MacMillan Christina , Katabi Nora , Magliocca Kelly , Ghossein Ronald , Xu Bin
Published: May 2024

Background and aim

Head and neck nuclear protein of testis carcinoma (HN‐NUT) is a rare form of carcinoma diagnosed by NUT immunohistochemistry positivity and/or NUTM1 translocation. Although the prototype of HN‐NUT is a primitive undifferentiated round cell tumour (URC) with immunopositivity for squamous markers, it is our observation that it may assume variant histology or immunoprofile.

Methods

We conducted a detailed clinicopathological review of a large retrospective cohort of 30 HN‐NUT, aiming to expand its histological and immunohistochemical spectrum.

Results

The median age of patients with HN‐NUT was 39 years (range = 17–86). It affected the sinonasal tract (43%), major salivary glands (20%), thyroid (13%), oral cavity (7%), larynx (7%), neck (7%) and nasopharynx (3%). Although most cases of HN‐NUT (63%) contained a component of primitive URC tumour, 53% showed other histological features and 37% lacked a URC component altogether. Variant histological features included basaloid (33%), differentiated squamous/squamoid (37%), clear cell changes (13%), glandular differentiation (7%) and papillary architecture (10%), which could co‐exist. While most HN‐NUT were positive for keratins, p63 and p40, occasional cases (5–9%) were entirely negative. Immunopositivity for neuroendocrine markers and thyroid transcription factor‐1 was observed in 33 and 36% of cases, respectively. The outcome of HN‐NUT was dismal, with a 3‐year disease specific survival of 38%.

Conclusions

HN‐NUT can affect individuals across a wide age range and arise from various head and neck sites. It exhibits a diverse spectrum of histological features and may be positive for neuroendocrine markers, potentially leading to underdiagnosis. A low threshold to perform NUT‐specific tests is necessary to accurately diagnose HN‐NUT.
Characteristics of mountain vs. lowland dairy products
Authors: Ungureanu‐Iuga Mădălina , Surdu Ioan , Necula Doru
Published: May 2024

Besides the clean environment, mountain pastures are important sources of bioactive compounds that contribute to the quality of dairy products resulting from animals grazing there. This review aimed to compare the main differences among mountain and lowland dairies in terms of chemical composition, physical and sensory properties and microflora. The most important factors influencing final product properties are the biodiversity of pastures and the abundance of plants in terpenes and fatty acids, farm practices, animal breeds and climatic conditions. Differences between dairies from lowland and mountain products were observed regarding the sensory profile, microflora and nutritional and functional value. The comparisons of the results presented in the literature concluded that some mountain dairies presented more than 50% higher content of terpenes compared to lowland products. Furthermore, the amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were more than 15% greater in mountain products compared to lowland ones, conjugated linoleic acids more than 35%, n−6 and n−3 PUFA more than 10%, while the saturated fatty acids content was reported to be more than 3% lower in mountain dairies. In conclusion, mountain dairy products can be distinguished from lowland ones, especially by their content of terpenes and fatty acid profile, along with the microflora which are influenced by livestock management.
Christ the Mediator and Head of Angels in Calvin's Theology
Authors: Rankin Arthur
Published: May 2024

Though Calvin is averse to theological speculation, he is the first to claim that Christ is Mediator and Head of Angels. This often‐overlooked office is present consistently throughout the various editions of the Institutes and can be found in his treatises, commentaries, catechism, and various sermons. This paper argues that Christ's mediation of angels is a form of ontological mediation that serves as the logical foundation for his redemptive mediation of the Elect. Sin is an intensification of a preexisting problem that requires the Son to be the medius and Mediator between God and creation because of his unique position in the Trinitarian taxis as the begotten one. This overlooked office places Calvin's theology of mediation in a greater cosmic context where the triune God is uniting all things to himself typified in the angels and the Elect.
Understanding the mechanism of safety attitude mitigates the turnover intention novice nurses via the person‐centred method: A theory‐driven, deductive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zheng Xutong , Liu Huan , Zhang Man , Yang Zhen , Dong Yong , Qin Zhuzhu , Tao Xiubin , Zhang Xiancui , Wang Aiping
Published: May 2024

Aim

Examine profiles of safety attitudes among novices and explore whether profiles moderate the occupational identity–turnover pathway.

Background

Novice nurses face unique challenges in adopting positive safety attitudes, which influence outcomes like turnover. However, past research found only average levels of safety attitudes among novices, ignoring possible heterogeneity. Exploring whether meaningful subgroups exist based on safety perspectives and factors shaping them can provide insights to improve safety attitudes and retention.

Design

This study was designed as a cross‐sectional investigation.

Methods

Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were first conducted, followed by latent profile analysis. We then carried out univariate analysis and ordinal multinomial regression to explore the factors shaping the different profiles. Finally, we examine the moderating effect of nurses' safety attitudes with different latent profiles on the relationship between professional identification and turnover intention.

Results

A total of 816 novice nurses were included. Three profiles were identified: high, moderate and low safety attitudes – higher attitudes were associated with lower turnover intention. Interest in nursing, health status, identity and turnover predicted profile membership. Moderate profile had a stronger buffering effect on the identity–turnover link versus high profile.

Conclusion

Multiple safety attitude profiles exist among novice nurses. Certain factors like interest in nursing and occupational identity are associated with more positive safety profiles. Targeting these factors could potentially improve safety attitudes and reduce turnover among novice nurses. The moderating effects suggest that tailored interventions matching specific subgroups may maximize impact.

Impact

Assessing subgroup attitudes enables tailored training for novices' specific needs, nurturing continuous improvement. Supporting early career development and role identity may strengthen retention intentions.
Location and caller familiarity influence mobbing behaviour and the likely ecological impact of noisy miners around colony edges
Authors: Kern Julie M. , McDonald Paul G.
Published: May 2024

Mobbing is a widespread, vocally coordinated behaviour where species approach and harass a threat. The noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala) is a notorious native Australian honeyeater, well‐known for its hyperaggressive mobbing. Numerous studies have identified negative impacts of their mobbing behaviour, highlighting the exclusion of competitors from colony areas and the resulting loss of woodland‐bird biodiversity. Despite this, few studies have investigated mobbing itself, and our understanding of the factors which influence its expression remains limited. Here, we use a field‐based playback experiment to investigate whether mobbing responses vary in relation to colony borders and caller familiarity. Noisy miners were more likely to respond, reacted more quickly and responded more strongly to mobbing calls broadcast inside as opposed to outside the colony. These behavioural differences likely arise from variation in the relative costs and benefits of responding. When noisy miners did mob outside the colony, more individuals joined in response to unfamiliar as opposed to familiar callers. Our results reveal that noisy miner mobbing may not be as indiscriminate as often assumed, with caller familiarity and location influencing this behaviour. We suggest there are benefits to greater consideration of the factors impacting noisy miner mobbing behaviour.

Keywords: Avian biodiversity, interspecific aggression, mobbing behaviour, noisy miner, vocal communication
Brexit Rhapsody: Exploring Patterns of Issue Salience in the Negotiations
Authors: Moloney David , Jensen Mads Dagnis
Published: May 2024

This study revisits the salience of the Brexit negotiations using an advanced Decision‐Making in the European Union (EU) methodology to assess the relative importance of 20 key issues amongst the EU27 member states, the European Commission and the UK. Unlike earlier studies that suggest more uniform salience levels, except for the UK, our analysis identifies eight clusters of actors influenced by their political, economic and geographical contexts. These differences in salience levels have been conducive to logrolling, which likely supported a unified EU stance and a successful agreement with the UK. Additionally, our research quantitatively confirms the UK's distinct salience position, highlighting its isolation and reducing its ability to use divisive negotiation tactics. These findings offer insights into both the dynamics of past Brexit negotiations and ongoing EU–UK policy developments. They contribute to the analysis of Brexit and international negotiations in general by systematically exploring salience in high‐level diplomatic negotiations.
Development of real‐time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and RPA combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assays for the rapid and sensitive detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3
Authors: Li Yingying , Li Ruifan , Mo Xubing , Wang Yingying , Yin Jiyuan , Bergmann Sven M. , Ren Yan , Pan Houjun , Shi Cunbin , Zhang Defeng , Wang Qing
Published: May 2024

In this issue, we established rapid, cost‐effective, and simple detection methods including recombines polymerase amplification with lateral flow dipstick (RPA‐LFD) and real‐time RPA for cyprinid herpesvirus 3(CyHV‐3), and evaluated their sensitivity, specificity, and applicability, the real‐time RPA method could achieve sensitive diagnosis of CyHV‐3 within 1.3 copies per reaction, respectively. The real‐time RPA method is 10‐fold more sensitive than RPA‐LFD method. The exact number of CyHV‐3 can be calculated in each sample by real‐time RPA. The sera from koi also can be tested in these methods. In addition, no cross‐reaction was observed with other related pathogens, including carp oedema virus (CEV), spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), cyprinid herpesvirus 1(CyHV‐1), cyprinid herpesvirus 2(CyHV‐2), type I grass carp reovirus (GCRV‐I), type II GCRV (GCRV‐II), type III GCRV (GCRV‐III), and Aeromonas hydrophila.
The impact of base design and restoration type on the resin consumption, trueness, and dimensional stability of dental casts additively manufactured from liquid crystal display 3D printers
Authors: Tseng Chih‐Wei , Lin Wei‐Shao , Sahrir Citra Dewi , Lin Wei‐Chun
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of two base types and three restoration designs on the resin consumption and trueness of the 3D‐printed dental casts. Additionally, the study explored the dimensional stability of these 3D‐printed dental casts after 1 year of storage.

Materials and methods

Various types of reference dental casts were specifically designed to represent three types of dental restoration fabrications, including full‐arch (FA), long‐span (LS), and single‐unit (SU) prostheses. The reference casts were digitized with a dental laboratory scanner and used to create flat and hollow base designs (N = 18) for the 3D‐printed study casts. The 3D‐printed study casts were digitized and evaluated against their corresponding references immediately after 3D printing and again after 1 year of storage, with the trueness quantified using the root mean square error (RMSE) at both time points. Volumes of resin used were recorded to measure resin consumption, and the weights of the 3D‐printed study casts were also measured. The data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA and a Tukey post hoc test, α = 0.05.

Results

Volumetric analysis showed the flat‐base design had significantly higher resin consumption with weights for the FA group at 42.51 ± 0.16 g, the LS group at 31.64 ± 0.07 g, and the SU group at 27.67 ± 0.31 g, as opposed to 26.22 ± 1.01 g, 22.86 ± 0.93 g, and 20.10 ± 0.19 g for the hollow designs respectively (p < 0.001). Trueness, assessed through two‐way ANOVA, revealed that the flat‐base design had lower RMSE values indicating better trueness in the LS (54 ± 6 µm) and SU (59 ± 7 µm) groups compared to the hollow‐base design (LS: 73 ± 5, SU: 99 ± 11 µm, both p < 0.001), with no significant difference in the FA group (flat‐base: 50 ± 3, hollow: 47 ± 5 µm, p = 0.398). After 1 year, the flat‐base design demonstrated superior dimensional stability in the LS (flat base: 56 ± 6 µm, hollow base: 149 ±45 µm, p < 0.001) and SU groups (flat base: 95 ± 8 µm, hollow base: 183 ±27 µm, p < 0.001), with the FA group showing no significant difference in the base design (flat base: 47 ± 9, hollow base: 62 ± 12 µm, p = 0.428).

Conclusions

The hollow‐base design group showed lower resin consumption than the flat‐base design group. However, the flat‐base designs exhibited superior trueness and less distortion after 1 year of storage. These findings indicate that despite the higher material usage, flat‐base designs provide better initial accuracy and maintain their dimensional stability over time for most groups.
Influence of gender on periodontal outcomes: A retrospective analysis of eight randomized clinical trials
Authors: Castro dos Santos Nidia , Westphal Miriam R. , Retamal‐Valdes Belen , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Figueiredo Luciene Cristina , Faveri Marcelo , Shibli Jamil , Soares Geisla , Miranda Tamires , Fermiano Daiane , Borges Ivan , Goncalves Cristiane , Tanaka Caio Junji , Teles Flavia , Goodson Max , Hasturk Hatice , Van Dyke Thomas , Ehmke Benjamin , Eickholz Peter , Nickles Katrin , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Meyle Joerg , Kocher Thomas , Kim Ti‐Sun , Doyle Helio , Feres Magda
Published: May 2024

Aims

To explore the influence of gender on periodontal treatment outcomes in a dataset of eight RCTs conducted in Brazil, United States, and Germany.

Methods

Clinical parameters were compared between men and women with stages III/IV grades B/C generalized periodontitis at baseline and 1‐year post‐therapy, including scaling and root planing with or without antibiotics.

Results

Data from 1042 patients were analyzed. Men presented a tendency towards higher probing depth (p = .07, effect size = 0.11) and clinical attachment level (CAL) than women at baseline (p = .01, effect size = 0.16). Males also presented statistically significantly lower CAL gain at sites with CAL of 4–6 mm at 1‐year post‐therapy (p = .001, effect size = 0.20). Among patients with Grade B periodontitis who took antibiotics, a higher frequency of women achieved the endpoint for treatment (i.e., ≤4 sites PD ≥5 mm) at 1 year than men (p < .05, effect size = 0.12).

Conclusion

Men enrolled in RCTs showed a slightly inferior clinical response to periodontal therapy in a limited number of sub‐analyses when compared to women. These small differences did not appear to be clinically relevant. Although gender did not dictate the clinical response to periodontal treatment in this population, our findings suggest that future research should continue to explore this topic.
A causal trait model for explaining foliar water uptake capacity
Authors: Matos Ilaíne Silveira , Rifai Sami Walid , Gouveia Walquíria Felipe , Oliveras Imma , Mantuano Dulce , Rosado Bruno H. P.
Published: May 2024

Questions

Plants largely vary in their capacity for foliar water uptake (FWU), that is, the capacity to increase leaf water content by directly absorbing water from leaf‐wetting events. Climate change will reduce leaf wetting and increase drought events. Therefore, we need a better understanding of the underlying traits and mechanisms that facilitate FWU.

Location

Seasonally dry tropical montane grasslands in Brazil (Campos de Altitude).

Methods

We measured FWU and leaf traits related to wettability, surface conductance, water potential and water storage on up to 55 plant species. By using Direct Acyclic Graph theory and Bayesian modelling, we tested how those leaf traits affect FWU.

Results

We found that stomatal conductance largely explained interspecific variation in FWU, which was also favoured in species with hydrophilic leaves, high cuticular conductance, more negative leaf water potentials, low dry‐matter content, isohydric behaviour, and more elastic cell walls.

Conclusions

Due to the existence of trade‐offs, not all species exhibit an optimal combination of traits that favours FWU. Instead, co‐occurring species have achieved a similar capacity for FWU through distinct trait combinations. Consequently, species engaged in FWU may exhibit differential vulnerabilities to climate change as they can cope with drought using other strategies beside FWU.
Temporal variations in meibomian gland structure—A pilot study
Authors: Swiderska Kasandra , Blackie Caroline A. , Maldonado‐Codina Carole , Fergie Martin , Read Michael L. , Morgan Philip B.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To investigate whether there is a measurable change in meibomian gland morphological characteristics over the course of a day (12 h) and over a month.

Methods

The study enrolled 15 participants who attended a total of 11 study visits spanning a 5‐week period. To assess diurnal changes in meibomian glands, seven visits were conducted on a single day, each 2 h apart. For monthly assessment, participants attended an additional visit at the same time of the day every week for three consecutive weeks. Meibography using the LipiView® II system was performed at each visit, and meibomian gland morphological parameters were calculated using custom semi‐automated software. Specifically, six central glands were analysed for gland length ratio, gland width, gland area, gland intensity and gland tortuosity.

Results

The average meibomian gland morphological metrics did not exhibit significant changes during the course of a day or over a month. Nonetheless, certain individual gland metrics demonstrated notable variation over time, both diurnally and monthly. Specifically, meibomian gland length ratio, area, width and tortuosity exhibited significant changes both diurnally and monthly when assessed on a gland‐by‐gland basis.

Conclusions

Meibomian glands demonstrated measurable structural change over short periods of time (hours and days). These results have implications for innovation in gland imaging and for developing precision monitoring of gland structure to assess meibomian gland health more accurately.
Preparation of Ag@3D‐TiO2 Scaffolds and Determination of its Antimicrobial Properties and Osteogenesis‐promoting Ability
Authors: Liu Tiansheng , Yang Guijun , Li Tong , Wang Qi , Liu Houjiang , He Fang
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The micro‐nano structure of 3D‐printed porous titanium (Ti) alloy with excellent performance in avoiding stress shielding and promoting bone tissue differentiation provides a new opportunity for the development of bone implants, but it necessitates higher requirements for bone tissue differentiation and the antibacterial properties of bone implants in clinical practice.

Methods

This study investigated the preparation, antimicrobial properties, and osteogenesis‐promoting ability of the 3D printed porous Ti alloy anodic oxidized Ag‐carrying (Ag@3D‐TiO2) scaffolds. The 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D‐Ti), anodized 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D‐TiO2), and Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were synthesized using electron beam melting. The antimicrobial properties of the scaffolds were examined using antibacterial tests and their cytocompatibility was assessed using a cell proliferation assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. In vitro cellular assays were used to investigate the effects of the scaffold microstructural features on cell activity, proliferation, and osteogenesis‐related genes and proteins. In vivo animal experiments were used to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and osteogenesis‐promoting abilities of the scaffolds.

Results

The Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds exhibited sustained anti‐microbial activity over time, enhanced cell proliferation, facilitated osteogenic differentiation, and increased extracellular matrix mineralization. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL‐I), and osteocalcin (OCN)‐related genes and proteins were upregulated. In vivo animal implantation experiments, the anti‐inflammatory effect of the Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were observed using histology, and a large amount of fibrous connective tissue was present around it; the Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were more bio‐compatible with the surrounding tissues compared with 3D‐Ti and 3D‐TiO2; a large amount of uniformly distributed neoplastic bone tissue existed in their pores, and the chronic systemic toxicity test showed that the 3D‐Ti, 3D‐TiO2, and Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds are biologically safe.

Conclusion

The goal of this study was to create a scaffold that exhibits antimicrobial properties and can aid bone growth, making it highly suitable for use in bone tissue engineering.
Writing opacity: Going beyond pseudonyms with spirit portraiture
Authors: Peacock Vita
Published: May 2024

What does it mean to go beyond pseudonyms? Building on fieldwork with privacy and data protection advocates in Germany, this article incorporates ethical imperatives coming from within and beyond the field, to develop a different mode of writing it calls spirit portraiture. This entails characterizing natural persons, without including any personal data through which they could be re‐identified, with or without the use of computing. Drawing on three ethnographies that already go beyond pseudonyms, it repositions the axis of representation away from revelation and concealment—that pivots around a monist notion of empirical truth—towards opacity and legibility—that pivots instead around its own point of intervention.
“Everything I Have Seen There, That I Know …”: Witnessing the Colombian armed conflict through refugees’ narratives of implication
Authors: Ackerman Alana
Published: May 2024

In this article, I engage with the predicament of witnessing as a condition for persecution and displacement. I argue that observing violence during war is a critical form of implication. In the context of the Colombian armed conflict, members of armed groups often threaten the lives of those who observe their acts of violence, producing a chain of terror that extends outward from the original moment of witnessing. This chain of violence collapses a supposed distinction between the witness‐as‐observer (testis) and the witness‐as‐survivor (superstes). In a global context of exclusionary asylum and immigration systems, this article provides an expansive understanding of why some people face persecution and are forced to flee their homes and cross international borders. Through an ethnography of refugees’ experiences witnessing and subsequently surviving persecution in Colombia, this article contributes to anthropological scholarship on displacement, refuge, asylum, and witnessing.
Identifying physiological indicators of the cognitive, thermal, and combined (cognitive‐thermal) stress conditions
Authors: Carrizosa‐Botero Susana , Roldán‐Rojo Tatiana A. , Rendón‐Vélez Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Physiologically based stress detection systems have proven to be effective in identifying different stress conditions in the body to determine the source of stress and be able to counteract it. However, some stress conditions have not been widely studied, including thermal stress, cognitive stress, and combined (thermal–cognitive) stress conditions, which are frequently encountered in work or school environments. In order to develop systems to detect and differentiate these conditions, it is necessary to identify the physiological indicators that characterize each of them. The present research aims to identify which physiological indicators (heart rate, respiratory rate, galvanic skin response, and local temperature) could differentiate different stress conditions (no‐stress, cognitive stress, thermal stress, and combined (thermal–cognitive) stress conditions). Thirty participants were exposed to cognitive, thermal, and combined stress sources while recording their physiological signals. The findings indicate that both mean heart rate and mean galvanic skin response identify moderate thermal and cognitive stress conditions as distinct from a no‐stress condition, yet they do not differentiate between the two stress conditions. Additionally, heart rate uniquely identifies the cognitive–thermal stress condition, effectively distinguishing this combined stress condition from the singular stress conditions and the no‐stress condition. Mean local temperature specifically signals thermal stress conditions, whereas mean respiratory rate accurately identifies cognitive stress conditions, with both indicators effectively separating these conditions from each other and from the no‐stress condition. This is the first basis for differentiating thermal and cognitive stress conditions through physiological indicators.
Two new HLA‐DQB1*03:02:01 variants with substitutions in intron 2: HLA‐DQB1*03:02:01:19 and ‐DQB1*03:02:01:21
Authors: Gil‐Etayo Francisco Javier , Arroyo‐Sánchez Daniel , Niño Ramírez Jairo Eduardo , Vicente Parra Ariadna , Tejeda Velarde Amalia
Published: May 2024

Two different single nucleotide substitutions in intron 2 give rise to novel HLA‐DQB1*03:02:01 alleles.
Tailoring cytomegalovirus prophylaxis based on T cell immunity panel assessment in kidney transplant patients at high risk of cytomegalovirus
Authors: Servais Abigail M. , McMullen John S. , Bowen Riley , Kleiboeker Steven B. , Ulloa Isabelle , Duncan Kara , Miles Clifford D
Published: May 2024

Background

Valganciclovir prophylaxis against cytomegalovirus (CMV) is recommended for solid organ transplant recipients, but is associated with drawbacks, including expense and leukopenia. Our center adopted a strategy of serial assessment with a CMV‐specific T cell immunity panel (CMV‐TCIP) and cessation of valganciclovir prophylaxis upon demonstration of adequate CD4+ responses in kidney transplant patients at high risk of CMV disease.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed adult recipients of a kidney or pancreas transplant between August 2019 and July 2021 undergoing serial CMV‐TCIP monitoring. Included patients were considered high risk for CMV, defined by donor positive (D+)/recipient negative (R−) CMV IgG serostatus, or recipient positive (R+) patients who received induction with a lymphocyte‐depleting agent. Prophylaxis was discontinued after a patient's first CMV‐specific CD4+ T cell value of ≥0.20%. Risk of clinically significant CMV infection (csCMVi) in those who underwent early discontinuation of CMV prophylaxis and predictors of CMV T cell immunity were analyzed.

Results

Of 54 included patients, 22 stopped prophylaxis early due to CMV‐specific CD4+ T cell immunity at a median of 4.7 (IQR: 3.8–5.4) months after transplant. No instances of csCMVi were observed in the 22 patients who had prophylaxis discontinued early, of whom 19/22 were CMV R+ and 3/22 were CMV D+/R−. Donor/recipient CMV serostatus was predictive of immunity (p <.001).

Conclusion

Early discontinuation of valganciclovir prophylaxis in patients with CMV CD4+ T cellular immunity appears safe and potentially beneficial in this preliminary series, especially in R+ patients. Further study is warranted, given that truncated prophylaxis may yield patient‐level benefits.

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Broué's abelian defect group conjecture for blocks with cyclic hyperfocal subgroups
Authors: Hu Xueqin , Zhang Kun , Zhou Yuanyang
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we prove that the hyperfocal subalgebra of a block with an abelian defect group and a cyclic hyperfocal subgroup is Rickard equivalent to the group algebra of the semidirect of the hyperfocal subgroup by the inertial quotient of the block. In particular, the hyperfocal subalgebra is a Brauer tree algebra, which is analogous to the structure of blocks with cyclic defect groups. As a consequence, we show that Broué's abelian defect group conjecture holds for blocks with cyclic hyperfocal subgroups.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Relaxation Behavior of Power Plant Flange Connections Under Steady State and Transient Conditions
Authors: Kettler Kevin , Klenk Andreas , Weihe Stefan
Published: May 2024

An essential part of today's power plants are flanges, for example, as connection between turbine housings and pipes. They allow for revisions, inspections, and maintenance measures. Ongoing changes toward higher amounts of renewable energy sources leading to higher demands in flexibility to counterbalance weather-related fluctuations. This flexibility leads to changing load types with more frequent warm and hot starts, causing uncertainties for the design and the determination of maintenance intervals of bolted flange connections. In this context, results of a recently finished research project and ongoing numerical investigations are presented. Tests were conducted on a model of an IP turbine flange under near-to-service loads, such as internal pressure and temperature, using a test rig allowing heating on the flange's inner surface. Concerning different influences on the stress relaxation behavior, results are shown for tests with martensitic and nickel-based bolted joints. The total test time of 5000 h for each bolted joint consist of 2000 h under steady-state conditions and 3000 h under transient conditions. Comparisons of the results with the martensitic and nickel-based bolted joint show an opposite creep strain distribution in the bolt and flange. In addition, a significant influence of the already existing creep deformation from previous load periods can be observed. Comparative simulations with a modified Graham–Walles creep model are carried out. The results confirm the differences in creep behavior with both bolted joints and reproduce the observed influence of the previous creep deformation.
Performance Analysis and Clinical Evaluation of an Automated Tool for Plantar Threshold Sensitivity Assessment in a Non-Diabetic Control Population
Authors: Castellano Vitale Kyle , Commander Jon , Burch Thomas , Burch Hayden , Remy Jessica , Harman Benjamin , Zabala Michael E.
Published: May 2024

Neuropathy is associated with sensation loss in the extremities. Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments are common tools used to assess an individuals' sensation perception. It has long been characterized using hand-applied Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments, however they are subjected to clinician biases and material deviations, and other factors that affect the reproducibility to administer a consistent amount of contact force on the plantar surface. A tool was developed to automate this testing protocol and to more accurately determine an individual's threshold sensitivity at various locations on the plantar surface. Individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) were classed as control subjects. They were evaluated using a hand applied monofilament and the automated tool. The device accuracy of the automated tool was first determined, followed by subject's threshold sensitivity at each location. Twenty-six locations were evaluated per person between 0.35 and 10.0 grams-force. A threshold sensitivity index norm was calculated based on the threshold sensitivity at each location per individual and was plotted against age, body mass index, ankle brachial index, fasting blood sugars, and HbA1c. The device demonstrated accuracy with an absolute error less than or equal to 0.4 grams-force at most locations. Age showed the strongest relationships to sensation loss. As age increased sensitivity to touch decreased. The automated tool was shown to be effective in determining an individual's threshold sensitivity in individuals without DM2. The calculation of the threshold sensitivity index norm was useful to classify sensation loss. The automated tool has the potential to effectively diagnosis neuropathy and document disease progression.
Epitaxial growth and characterization of GaAs (111) on 4H-SiC
Authors: Das Subhashis , M. Eldose Nirosh , Stanchu Hryhorii , Maia de Oliveira Fernando , Benamara Mourad , Mazur Yuriy I. , Chen Zhong , Mantooth Alan , Salamo Gregory J.
Published: May 2024

SiC is an indirect bandgap semiconductor with material properties ideal for power electronics but not so much as an optical emitter. Meanwhile, gallium arsenide (GaAs) is a material known for high-performance optical devices due to its direct bandgap and carrier lifetime. Integrating GaAs with silicon carbide (SiC) can result in the best of both materials. However, integrating the two presents a significant challenge due to the large lattice mismatch between the two materials. In this paper, we investigate the growth of high-quality GaAs directly on 4H-SiC and on AlAs/4H-SiC substrates. The thin films were characterized using key techniques for structural and optical analyses, such as x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The 3D-island nature of growth of GaAs directly on SiC results in weak in-plane correlation with the substrate but high photoluminescence. This was demonstrated with an observed PL intensity comparable to the PL observed from a GaAs substrate with a similar buffer layer. Introduction of a thin AlAs nucleation layer results in improved wetting of the substrate, better in-plane correlation with substrate, and overall improved crystalline quality and is now under further study.
Atomic layer etching in HBr/He/Ar/O2 plasmas
Authors: Hao Qinzhen , Elgarhy Mahmoud A. I. , Kim Pilbum , Nam Sang Ki , Kang Song-Yun , Donnelly Vincent M.
Published: May 2024

Atomic layer etching of Si is reported in a radio frequency (RF) pulsed-power inductively coupled (ICP) plasma, with periodic injections of HBr into a continuous He/Ar carrier gas flow, sometimes with trace added O2. Several pulsing schemes were investigated, with HBr injection simultaneous with or alternating with ICP power. The product removal step was induced by applying RF power to the substrate, in sync with ICP power. Etching and dosing were monitored with optical emission spectroscopy. Little or no chemically enhanced ion-assisted etching was observed unless there was some overlap between HBr in the chamber and ICP power. This indicates that HBr dissociative chemisorption deposits much less Br on Si, compared with that from Br created by dissociation of HBr in the ICP. Chemically assisted etching rates nearly saturate at 2.0 nm/cycle as a function of increasing HBr-containing ICP dose at −75 VDC substrate self-bias. The coupled effects of O2 addition and substrate self-bias DC voltage on the etching rate were also explored. Etching slowed or stopped with increasing O2 addition. As bias power was increased, more O2 could be added before etching stopped.
Hydroacoustic study of fin whales around the Southern Wake Island: Type, vocal behavior, and temporal evolution from 2010 to 2022
Authors: Zhu Juan , Wen Lianxing
Published: May 2024

The progress of fin whale study is hindered by the debate about whether the two typical type-A and type-B calls (characterized by central source frequencies of 17–20 Hz and 20–30 Hz, respectively) originate from a single fin whale or two individual fin whales. Here, hydroacoustic data is employed to study the type, vocal behavior, and temporal evolution of fin whale calls around the Southern Wake Island from 2010 to 2022. It is identified that (1) type-A and type-B calls come from two individuals based on the large source separation of the two calls through high-precision determination of source location; (2) type-A fin whales exhibit vocal influence on type-B fin whales, where type-B fin whales become paired with type-A calls and vocalize regularly when type-A fin whales appear, and type-A fin whales always lead the call sequences; and (3) some type-A fin whales stop calling when another type-A fin whale approaches at a distance of about 1.6 km. During 2010–2022, type-A calls occur every year, whereas type-B calls are prevalent only after November 2018. A culture transmission is proposed from type-A fin whales to type-B fin whales and/or a population increase of type-B fin whales in the region after November 2018.
A Study of the Effects of Motor Experience on Neuromuscular Control Strategies During Sprint Starts
Authors: Pan Zhengye , Liu Lushuai , Sun Yuan , Ma Yunchao
Published: May 2024

Much of the current research on sprint start has attempted to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of elite athletes to provide guidance on the training of sprint technique, with less attention paid to the effects of motor experience gained from long-term training on neuromuscular control characteristics. The present study attempted to investigate the effect of motor experience on the modular organization of the neuromuscular system during starting, based on he clarification of the characteristics of muscle synergies during starting. It was found that exercise experience did not promote an increase in the number of synergies but rather a more focused timing of the activation of each synergy, allowing athletes to quickly complete the postural transition from crouching to running during the starting.