bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deception Processing by Third-Party Observers: The Role of Speaker Intent
Authors: Meek Scott W. , Bunde James , Phillips-Meek Michelle C. , Vendemia Jennifer M. C.
Published: August 2018

Deception studies typically focus on the deceiver (or the deceived), with lie detection of paramount concern. Consequently, little attention has been paid to the experience of third-party observers of deceptive communications. In the current study, therefore, we investigated the impact of deception priming on the subsequent information processing of outsiders, with a primary focus on the intent to deceive. Participants read pairs of stories (A and B) depicting everyday interpersonal interactions. In Story A, a phrase was rendered truthful, intentionally deceptive, or unintentionally misleading by context. In Story B, this same phrase was initially presented ambiguously, but followed by a sentence revealing it to be intentionally deceptive. Reading about an intentionally deceptive (as opposed to truthful) speaker (Experiment 1) and an unintentionally deceptive (as opposed to unintentionally misleading) speaker (Experiment 2) in Story A primed faster reading of the “deception” sentence in Story B. These results support the possibility of deception priming and suggest that observers are sensitive to intent (and not mere falsity) when exposed to misinformation scenarios.
‘Data found us’: A critique of some new materialist tropes in educational research
Authors: Petersen Eva Bendix
Published: August 2018

New materialist and posthuman research methodologies are quickly gaining traction in educational research. According to its proponents, new materialism takes us to radically new places of praxis as it reconfigures central notions such as data, researcher positioning and critique. Here I consider how the notion of ‘data’ is invoked in an example of new materialist research by education scholars. Through this critique, I come to question the extent to which the approach constitutes a reconfiguration or whether, instead, it is continuous with some old and problematic tropes. I wonder if the positioning of data as supremely agentic elides the new materialist insistence on intra-action and discuss some of the implications of that including the depoliticisation it entails.
The posthumanist tabula rasa
Authors: Rekret Paul
Published: August 2018

This article offers an examination of posthumanist epistemology. Building on wider claims that `posthumanist' theorists risk disavowing the historicity of their concepts, the article asks why the posthumanist image of the researcher has proven attractive to humanities and social sciences scholarship in recent years. In examining this question the article suggests that posthumanist epistemology is premised upon a claim to the innocence of knowledge, a notion that the article traces back to the origins of modern philosophy in the work of John Locke and his view of the mind as a blank slate. Such an analysis will serve to underline the argument that claims to innocence are themselves strategically deployed epistemic tools that have political implications.
An unapologetic feminist response
Authors: Banerjee Bidisha , Blaise Mindy
Published: August 2018

In the spirit of reformulating notions of critique, this response builds on the creative research experimentation that the authors enacted to consider air differently. The authors continue to be lured by generosity, curiosity, surprise, and wonder and suggest two feminist responses that relate to and generate knowledge in alternative ways. Two experimentations (collective experimental story writing and erasure poetry) are offered to readers with the aim of activating new thinkings, doings, and relations with air.
A survey of international medical volunteers’ experiences of working with Voluntary Service Overseas in Ethiopia
Authors: McCauley Mary , Amado Yohannes , van den Broek Nynke
Published: August 2018

Many skilled medical professionals from high-income countries volunteer to work in poor-resource settings. There is, however, little research to assess the views and experiences of such healthcare providers. Our study sought to explore this among Voluntary Service Overseas volunteers working in Ethiopia for one year. An online survey was distributed to all returned international medical volunteers one year after their return to their base country. Most felt that they had impacted the local community in which they worked and reported a positive experience, recommending this to friends or family, but there was a small subgroup whose experience was otherwise. We believe there is a need for more comprehensive, systematic and robust monitoring in order to evaluate the outcomes of medical volunteers’ placements.
How Your Power Affects My Impression of You
Authors: Orghian Diana , de Almeida Filipa , Jacinto Sofia , Garcia-Marques Leonel , Santos Ana Sofia
Published: August 2018

In the present article, we investigate how a person’s power affects the way we infer traits from their behavior. In Experiment 1, our results suggest that, when faced with behavioral descriptions about others, participants infer both positive and negative traits about powerless actors, whereas for powerful and control (power irrelevant) actors, only positive but no negative traits are inferred, an effect we call the benevolence bias. In the second experiment, (a) we replicate this effect, (b) we show that it does not depend on the specific traits used in Experiment 1, and (c) we show that it is also detected when an implicit measure of inferences is used. Experiment 3 further shows that this effect generalizes to a more generic power manipulation. Theoretical explanations for these findings are discussed.
Native Americans and the Catholic Phase in Puritan Missionary Writing
Authors: Thifault Paul
Published: August 2018

This essay analyzes the comparisons that English Puritans often made between European Catholics and Native Americans in narratives of encounter between missionaries and the Wampanoag people from the 1640s and 1650s. Despite the virulence of English anti-Catholicism at the time, Puritans often subtly embraced what they saw as the Catholic-like qualities of indigenous people and presented them as signs of the eventual success of the Protestant mission. By investigating these rhetorical maneuvers, the essay spotlights the literary sophistication of these tracts and their efforts to imagine a Scripture-based Indian Protestantism before the existence of the Massachusett Bible.
An Iconic Image: Henry Ward Beecher in Puck Magazine
Authors: Marks Patricia
Published: August 2018

Henry Ward Beecher, the influential pastor of Plymouth Church in Brooklyn until his death in 1887, became an iconic figure in Puck magazine during its first decade. Beecher, who was involved in the Tilton marital scandal, was satirized in word and graphics by editor and cartoonist Joseph Keppler for both his womanizing and his politics. A study of Puck’s response to Beecher from 1877 to 1887 exemplifies the magazine’s crusade against dishonesty and attempt to safeguard public morals as it followed in the steps of its mascot Puck, proclaiming “What Fools These Mortals Be!”
Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of SNPs from Genome‐Wide Association Studies of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Vukovic Vladimir , Stojanovic Jovana , Vecchioni Alessia , Pastorino Roberta , Boccia Stefania
Published: August 2018

Objective

Various genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) identified new head and neck cancer (HNC) susceptibility loci, although the evidence has not been systematically summarized. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analyses of the GWASs to identify the most commonly reported genetic loci associated with a risk of HNC.

Data Sources

We searched the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, and GWAS databases to retrieve eligible studies, in English or Italian, published until June 1, 2017.

Review Methods

Only GWASs reporting data on the association between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and HNC were included. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Q‐Genie tool. Random‐effect meta‐analyses were performed considering only SNPs with at least 1 significant result from the included articles, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

Seven studies of case‐control design were included in the review. Five studies on nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in Chinese, reporting on 27 different SNPs, were included in meta‐analyses. Results show that 6 SNPs (rs2076483, rs2975042, rs9258122, rs29232, and rs9510787) had an increased pooled estimates for A risk alleles (OR [95% CI]: 1.55 [1.36‐1.77], 1.90 [1.69‐2.14], 1.47 [1.31‐1.65], 1.52 [1.32‐1.76], and 1.22 [1.13‐1.31], respectively) while G risk allele of rs3129055 reported an OR of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.33‐1.67).

Conclusion

Our systematic review identified 5 SNPs located on chromosome 6 (rs2076483, rs2975042, rs3129055, rs9258122, and rs29232) and 1 (rs9510787) on chromosome 13 as significantly associated with an increased risk of NPC in Chinese.
Risk Factors for Posttracheostomy Tracheal Stenosis
Authors: Li Michael , Yiu Yin , Merrill Tyler , Yildiz Vedat , deSilva Brad , Matrka Laura
Published: August 2018

Objective

To determine the incidence of posttracheostomy tracheal stenosis and to investigate variables related to the patient, hospitalization, or operation that may affect stenosis rates.

Study Design

A combined retrospective cohort and case‐control study.

Setting

Tertiary care academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

A total of 1656 patients who underwent tracheostomy at a tertiary care medical center from January 2011 to November 2016 were reviewed for evidence of subsequent tracheal stenosis on airway endoscopy or computed tomography. Forty‐three confirmed cases of posttracheostomy tracheal stenosis (PTTS) were compared with a subgroup of 319 controls. Factors including medical comorbidity, type and setting of tracheostomy, and hospitalization details were analyzed.

Results

Five‐year incidence of PTTS was 2.6%. Obesity was the sole demographic factor associated with stenosis. Hospitalization‐related variables associated with stenosis included tracheostomy after 10 days of orotracheal intubation and endotracheal tube cuff pressure ≥30 mm H2O. The surgical variables associated with higher rates of stenosis included percutaneous technique and insertion of an initial tracheostomy tube size >6. Bjork flap creation was negatively associated with stenosis. In multivariable analysis, obesity and insertion of tracheostomy tube size >6 were identified as risk factors.

Conclusion

Greater than 10 days of orotracheal intubation prior to tracheostomy and endotracheal tube cuff pressure ≥30 mm H2O were associated with greater rates of subsequent tracheal stenosis. The only patient‐related factor associated with tracheal stenosis was obesity. Surgical variables associated with increased rates of subsequent stenosis included placement of a tracheostomy tube size >6, use of percutaneous technique, and failure to create a Bjork flap.
Impact of PET/CT on Staging and Treatment of Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jorgensen Jeffery B. , Smith Russell B. , Coughlin Andrew , Spanos William C. , Lohr Michele M. , Sperry Steven M. , Militsakh Oleg , Zitsch Robert P. , Yueh Bevan , Dooley Laura M. , Panwar Aru , Galloway Tabitha L. I. , Pagedar Nitin A.
Published: August 2018

Objective

To understand the effects of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) evaluation on patients with previously untreated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with clinical evidence of regional lymph node involvement.

Study Design

Prospective blinded study.

Setting

Tertiary care cancer center.

Subjects and Methods

Informed consent was obtained and data collected from 52 consecutive previously untreated patients with HNSCC and clinical evidence of cervical metastasis. All patients underwent conventional evaluation for HNSCC and whole body PET/CT. Data were evaluated by 5 independent reviewers, who performed TNM staging per the American Joint Committee on Cancer (seventh edition) manual and proposed a treatment plan prior to viewing, and after reviewing, PET/CT. Cases where at least 3 of 5 reviewers agreed were considered significant.

Results

There were 0 patients for whom review of the PET/CT altered the T‐class assessment (95% CI, 0‐6.8), 12 (23.1%) for whom PET/CT altered N classification (95% CI, 12.5‐34.5), and 2 (3.8%) for whom PET/CT altered the M classification (95% CI, 0.5‐13.2). For 5 patients (9.6%), overall stage was altered per PET/CT review (95% CI, 3.2‐21). For 3 patients (5.8%), PET/CT findings prompted reviewers to alter treatment recommendations (95% CI, 1.2‐15.9).

Conclusion

When added to more conventional patient evaluation, PET/CT results in changes to the TNM categories, but overall staging and treatment were less frequently affected. Whether PET/CT should be used routinely for patients with stage III and IV HNSCC is still subjective and merits further study.
A Comparison of Laser‐Protected Endotracheal Tubes
Authors: Burns James A. , Adlard Stephen D. , Kobler James B. , Tynan Monica A. , Petrillo Robert H. , Tracy Lauren F.
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To compare the physical characteristics of 3 laser‐protected endotracheal tubes (LPETs) commonly used in endoscopic laser surgery. To report potential intraoperative problems related to LPET use and suggest practical solutions.

Study Design

Comparative analysis.

Setting

Academic laboratory.

Subjects and Methods

Physical characteristics of the Mallinckrodt Laser‐Flex (MTL), Medtronic Laser‐Shield II (ML‐II), and Rusch LaserTubus (RL) were compared. The effect of bending LPETs on airflow resistance was estimated with a pressure transducer. The force required to pull each tube through the glottis and the pressure exerted during this maneuver were measured in a fresh cadaveric human larynx.

Results

The design features and physical characteristics of LPETs differ, including varying balloon‐tip lengths. Bending LPETs to acute angles caused significant pressure increase within the RL tube (Δ 3.42 cm H2O) and minimal change within the ML‐II (Δ 0.12 cm H2O) and MTL (Δ 0.21 cm H2O) tubes. The average force required to pull the RL (48.12 g, P =. 003) and MTL (282.4 g, P =. 001) tubes through the glottis was 7.6× and 44.5× greater than that for the ML‐II (6.39 g). When pulled through the vocal folds, the ML‐II cuff exerted no detectable pressure, whereas higher pressures were measured for the RL (2.2 cm H2O) and MTL (6.5 cm H2O) tubes.

Conclusion

The ML‐II tube had the most favorable characteristics, with minimal pressure during extubation and resistance to kinking. The RL tube kinks readily with a resultant increase in resistance to airflow. The MTL tube extends farther into the trachea due to a relatively elongated balloon‐tip configuration. Future LPET designs should incorporate features that avoid intraoperative difficulties related to airway protection and ventilation.
Cultivating and Recruiting Future Otolaryngology Residents: Shaping the Tributary
Authors: Chang C. W. David , Gray Stacey T. , Malekzadeh Sonya , Dobratz Eric J. , Schaitkin Barry M. , Teng Marita S. , Thorne Marc C. , Abaza Mona M.
Published: August 2018

The future vibrancy, relevancy, and strength of our specialty depend on cultivating a pipeline of resident otolaryngologists who embody what our society wishes to become. In attracting, seeking, and nourishing physicians of all stripes, we offer several considerations regarding medical student education and the residency selection process.
Gullah-Geechee settlement patterns from slavery to freedom: Investigation of a Georgia plantation slave quarter
Authors: Botwick Bradford
Published: August 2018

Gullah-Geechee is a creole culture that emerged among enslaved African Americans in the coastal Southeastern United States. Modern material expressions of this culture include a distinctive settlement type, the family compound, consisting of loosely clustered residences and outbuildings. The arrangement of these settlements resembles colonial slave quarters but differs from antebellum “slave rows.” Gullah-Geechee family compounds existed by the mid-20th century, but their origin, time depth, and evolution from linear quarters are unclear. Archaeological study of the Wilson–Miller plantation slave quarter near Savannah, occupied over most of the 19th Century, indicated that the Gullah-Geechee residential compound appeared soon after Emancipation. The study also suggested that communal outdoor space was important in maintaining cultural practices that were expressed in both colonial and post-Emancipation settlement patterns.
The Stuff That Verbal Person-Centered Support Is Made of: Identifying Linguistic Markers of More and Less Supportive Conversations
Authors: Cannava Kaitlin E. , High Andrew C. , Jones Susanne M. , Bodie Graham D.
Published: August 2018

Although the functions of messages varying in verbal person centeredness (PC) are well-established, we know less about the linguistic content that differentiates messages with distinct levels of PC. This study examines the lexicon of different levels of PC comfort and seeks to ascertain whether computerized analysis can complement human coders when coding supportive conversations. Transcripts from support providers trained to enact low, moderate, or high levels of PC were subjected to the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionary. Results reveal that several categories in the LIWC dictionary vary systematically as a function of conversational PC level. LIWC categories, particularly pronouns, social process, cognitive process, anxiety, and anger words, reliably predict which level of the PC hierarchy an interaction represents based on whether a conversation was designed to be high, moderate, or low in PC. The implications are discussed in the context of the lexicon of conversations that vary in PC.
Cities and planetary repair: The problem with climate retrofitting
Authors: Knuth Sarah
Published: August 2018

In the 2010s, major US initiatives framed urban retrofitting as a decarbonization solution. These programs address an obtrusive legacy of industrial capitalism: its built environments shed energy and emissions when they fall into disrepair. Political ecology and economy have been slow to engage retrofitting, an absence that is conspicuous as these fields take on planetary repair as a conceptual provocation and turn in mainstream conservation. This paper explores US retrofitting as a distinctive material repair practice, one born as an energy poverty program amid the scarcity fears of the 1970s Energy Crisis but seeing a renaissance today as a program for green capitalist growth. I interrogate two economies of repair now emerging around retrofitting, energy market and cleantech aspirations to make energy efficiency a resource and articulated efforts to sell retrofits as new green value for real estate development and investment. Such urban revaluation efforts join an expanding array of green gentrification schemes today. Paradoxically, even as would-be green entrepreneurs are drawn to these seemingly intangible and “clean” forms of waste and value-in-waiting, retrofitting presents intransigent materialities. Its decarbonization ambitions demand not just profit-generating urban repair today but large-scale urban maintenance into the future. This need confronts longstanding efforts to render US cities and built environments flexible to recurrent creative destruction in service of ongoing economic growth. Such logics of de/revaluation and essential disposability permit concurrent US programs for gentrification and urban abandonment today. However, decarbonization requires a more substantial confrontation with capitalist ruination-as-usual.
Design of morphing wing with surface discontinuity
Authors: Tarnowski Andrzej , Goetzendorf-Grabowski Tomasz
Published: August 2018

Aircraft wing morphing or radical shape change in flight has long been the subject of inquisitive research around the world. It happens because morphing ensures optimal adaptation to any flight conditions such as take-off, cruise, landing and other manoeuvres. The current state of material engineering is not yet in a position to provide adequate technologies to achieve such significant changes in the wing’s shape as morphing requires, though interesting progress can be observed. This article presents a new concept of the wing morphing, which potentially circumvents problems related to the elastic deformation of the wing structure. The first part of this article presents the principle of the operation and capabilities of the morphing wing, while the second part focuses on preparation for investigation of its numerical aerodynamic characteristics as groundwork to wind tunnel research.
Challenges of water and sanitation service co-production in the global South
Authors: Moretto Luisa , Faldi Giuseppe , Ranzato Marco , Rosati Federica Natalia , Ilito Boozi Jean-Pierre , Teller Jacques
Published: August 2018

Co-production of water and sanitation services, especially in the global South, implies that recipients of a service play a fundamental role in managing water resources. In the context of citizen–government synergies, service recipients are more than consumers, and (co)-production alters their involvement in the service production process, with respect to their relationships with both the natural resources and the delivery process. Our hypothesis is that a meaningful understanding of co-production for water and sanitation services is only possible through an interdisciplinary approach that takes into account natural and social dimensions. The objective is to develop a possible new conceptualization of service co-production that can foster a renewed citizenship while taking into account the risks of urban fragmentation.
Extraordinary Altruists Exhibit Enhanced Self–Other Overlap in Neural Responses to Distress
Authors: Brethel-Haurwitz Kristin M. , Cardinale Elise M. , Vekaria Kruti M. , Robertson Emily L. , Walitt Brian , VanMeter John W. , Marsh Abigail A.
Published: August 2018

Shared neural representations during experienced and observed distress are hypothesized to reflect empathic neural simulation, which may support altruism. But the correspondence between real-world altruism and shared neural representations has not been directly tested, and empathy’s role in promoting altruism toward strangers has been questioned. Here, we show that individuals who have performed costly altruism (donating a kidney to a stranger; n = 25) exhibit greater self–other overlap than matched control participants ( n = 27) in neural representations of pain and threat (fearful anticipation) in anterior insula (AI) during an empathic-pain paradigm. Altruists exhibited greater self–other correspondence in pain-related activation in left AI, highlighting that group-level overlap was supported by individual-level associations between empathic pain and firsthand pain. Altruists exhibited enhanced functional coupling of left AI with left midinsula during empathic pain and threat. Results show that heightened neural instantiations of empathy correspond to real-world altruism and highlight limitations of self-report.
Tournament leave-pair-out cross-validation for receiver operating characteristic analysis
Authors: Montoya Perez Ileana , Airola Antti , Boström Peter J , Jambor Ivan , Pahikkala Tapio
Published: August 2018

Receiver operating characteristic analysis is widely used for evaluating diagnostic systems. Recent studies have shown that estimating an area under receiver operating characteristic curve with standard cross-validation methods suffers from a large bias. The leave-pair-out cross-validation has been shown to correct this bias. However, while leave-pair-out produces an almost unbiased estimate of area under receiver operating characteristic curve, it does not provide a ranking of the data needed for plotting and analyzing the receiver operating characteristic curve. In this study, we propose a new method called tournament leave-pair-out cross-validation. This method extends leave-pair-out by creating a tournament from pair comparisons to produce a ranking for the data. Tournament leave-pair-out preserves the advantage of leave-pair-out for estimating area under receiver operating characteristic curve, while it also allows performing receiver operating characteristic analyses. We have shown using both synthetic and real-world data that tournament leave-pair-out is as reliable as leave-pair-out for area under receiver operating characteristic curve estimation and confirmed the bias in leave-one-out cross-validation on low-dimensional data. As a case study on receiver operating characteristic analysis, we also evaluate how reliably sensitivity and specificity can be estimated from tournament leave-pair-out receiver operating characteristic curves.
Improving Rehabilitative Care of Methamphetamine Users in Germany: The Expert’s Perspective
Authors: Hoffmann Laura , Buchenauer Lisa , Schumann Nadine , Schröder Sara Lena , Martin Olaf , Richter Matthias
Published: August 2018

Methamphetamine is one of the most frequently used drugs worldwide. In Germany, methamphetamine use has greatly increased in recent years, presenting the rehabilitative treatment system with new challenges. In this study, we identified deficits and possibilities for optimization in the field of medical rehabilitation. A total of 39 interviews and two focus groups with experts along the treatment course of methamphetamine users were conducted. Our analyses indicate that methamphetamine users are more difficult to treat compared with patients who consume other drugs. They are more likely to be associated with problematic characteristics and behaviors than other rehabilitants. Several health care deficits were revealed: too short rehabilitation treatment, no specific or differentiated therapy concepts, lack of capacity for education and vocational training, lack of outpatient options, and insufficient facilities for parents and children. Findings indicate that inadequate rehabilitation is being provided for methamphetamine users in Germany, indicating a need to adapt treatment for this group.
Loss, Meaning-Making, and Coping After the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: DeGroot Jocelyn M. , Carmack Heather J.
Published: August 2018

Hillary Rodham Clinton was heralded by news outlets and political pundits as the clear frontrunner and expected winner of the 2016 U.S. Presidential election. Her election loss to Republican Donald Trump was not only surprising, for many voters, it was devastating. Guided by the death studies literature about meaning-making after a loss, the purpose of this study was to explore how voters who were disappointed by the results of the election made sense of the experience. Two hundred participants completed an online open-ended questionnaire about their feelings and coping methods for the loss. Participants framed Clinton’s loss as similar to the death of a loved one or the ending of a relationship. Participants utilized various coping strategies to deal with their grief, ranging from engaging in political activism to completely shutting themselves off from others. These findings have a number of implications for communication scholars and grief practitioners.
mHealth Applications for Children and Young People With Persistent Pain: A Scoping Review
Authors: Schults Jessica , Cooke Marie , Richards Julianne , Theodoros Joanne , Andresen Elizabeth , Paterson Rebecca , Alcock Mark
Published: August 2018

Persistent pain is a global health care issue affecting more than 30% of children and young people. mHealth applications delivered using smartphones, are an innovative method to engage children in pain self-management. This article outlines the evidence concerning the development, implementation, and evaluation of mHealth apps for these children in terms of feasibility, acceptability, and impact on important pain outcomes such as quality of life and health care utilization.
Confronting the Digital: Doing Ethnography in Modern Organizational Settings
Authors: Akemu Onajomo , Abdelnour Samer
Published: August 2018

Digital technologies pervade modern life. As a result, organizational ethnographers must contend with informants interacting in face-to-face and digitally mediated encounters (e.g., through email, Facebook Messenger, and Skype). This overlap of informants’ digital and physical interactions challenges ethnographers’ ability to demonstrate authenticity and multivocality in their accounts of contemporary organizing. Drawing on recent theorizing about the nature of digital artifacts and two cases of ethnographic fieldwork, we argue that digital artifacts afford ethnographers different modes of being co-present with research participants: digital as archive and digital as process. We offer guidelines to researchers on how to deploy these modes of co-presence in order to improve authenticity and multivocality in ethnographic studies of modern organizations. We also explore the implications for methodological concerns such as ethics, analytical choice, and reflexivity.
Too Good to Be True? Boundary Conditions to the Use of Downward Social Comparisons in Service Recovery
Authors: Antonetti Paolo , Crisafulli Benedetta , Maklan Stan
Published: August 2018

Evidence shows that downward social comparisons (DSCs), messages delivered by frontline employees describing how service experiences turned out even worse for others, can reduce customers’ anger following a service failure. This study contributes to the literature on DSCs and service recovery by highlighting pitfalls associated with the use of these messages in service recovery and showing the conditions necessary for their effectiveness. Building on persuasion knowledge theory, we show that customers draw manipulative inferences about DSCs because of the perceived bias associated with the source of the message and the implicit derogation of a competitor that DSCs entail. To reduce inferences of manipulative intentions, frontline employees should both accompany DSC messages with intense apologies and use self-derogation to reduce the perception that they are criticizing another firm. Past claims on the generalized effectiveness of DSCs need to be revised. Managers should craft social comparison messages carefully to avoid negative reactions from customers. Our research indicates that once adapted to address these concerns, DSCs can be an effective recovery strategy among individuals with a strong need for social comparison information.
Associations of Oxidative Phosphorylation–Related Genes With Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi-Chun , Chen Chiung-Mei , Lee Yun-Shien , Chang Kuo-Hsuan
Published: August 2018

Background:

Pathway analysis demonstrated associations between deep intracerebral hemorrhage (DICH) and the genetic risk score of complex IV of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway in whites. This study investigated the related genetic variations in the DICH population in Taiwan. Candidate variants were selected from the prior report by the following criteria: (1) nuclear genes encoding mitochondria complex IV, (2) genetic effect >1.08, (3) global minor allele frequency >0.01. Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms fitted in the selection criteria, which were mainly involved in Cox assembly, including Cox10, Cox15, and Cox18, and one structural gene, Cox7C. Associations were tested with adjustment of multiple covariables. Permutation testing of 1000 replicates was performed for empirical estimates.

Results:

This study enrolled 336 patients and 379 controls. Compared with whites, the Taiwan population has higher minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs4308511, rs767844, and rs221592 and lower MAF of rs8079640. There was no variation of rs16949067 in the Taiwan population. When adjusting for the traditional risk factors, rs221592 G allele was associated with DICH risk in women under additive (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-2.3, P = .04) and recessive models (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.2-6.9, P = .013). In an additive fashion, a poor 30-day outcome was associated with rs4308511 T allele (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3, P = .014) and rs9891372 C allele (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.05-2.8, P = .024) in all subjects and in men (rs4308511, OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2-2.7, P = .008; rs9891372, OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1-3.8, P = .02).

Conclusions:

The results showed ethnic disparities in the complex IV–related genes. COX18-rs221592 G allele was associated with female DICH risks. COX7C-rs4308511 T allele was an independent risk of poor outcome in men.
Seismic behaviour of fibre-reinforced-polymer- and steel-strengthened timber connections
Authors: Yang Jia-Qi , Smith Scott T , Wang Zhenyu
Published: August 2018

In the event of a seismic attack, the structural integrity of moment-resisting timber frames in the joint region may become compromised and hence the joint may not be able to transfer bending moment around the frame. Often, replacement of a damaged joint is not an option and hence efficient but effective strengthening and repair schemes for such joints are necessary. This article reports the results of 15 tests on 10 metal dowel-type moment-resisting timber connections subjected to monotonic or cyclic loading. Joints are either strengthened or repaired with epoxy, fibre-reinforced polymer composites or steel plates. The ability of the test joints to resist the imposed cyclic loading is presented in the context of hysteresis responses. Recommendations for strengthening and repair interventions are made based on strength, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation and damping characteristics of the test joints.
Risk Factors Associated With Low Back Pain in Golfers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Smith Jo Armour , Hawkins Andrew , Grant-Beuttler Marybeth , Beuttler Richard , Lee Szu-Ping
Published: August 2018

Context:

Low back pain is common in golfers. The risk factors for golf-related low back pain are unclear but may include individual demographic, anthropometric, and practice factors as well as movement characteristics of the golf swing.

Objective:

The aims of this systematic review were to summarize and synthesize evidence for factors associated with low back pain in recreational and professional golfers.

Data Sources:

A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases through September 2017.

Study Selection:

Studies were included if they quantified demographic, anthropometric, biomechanical, or practice variables in individuals with and without golf-related low back pain.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Data Extraction:

Studies were independently reviewed for inclusion by 2 authors, and the following data were extracted: characterization of low back pain, participant demographics, anthropometrics, biomechanics, strength/flexibility, and practice characteristics. The methodological quality of studies was appraised by 3 authors using a previously published checklist. Where possible, individual and pooled effect sizes of select variables of interest were calculated for differences between golfers with and without pain.

Results:

The search retrieved 73 articles, 19 of which met the inclusion criteria (12 case-control studies, 5 cross-sectional studies, and 2 prospective longitudinal studies). Methodological quality scores ranged from 12.5% to 100.0%. Pooled analyses demonstrated a significant association between increased age and body mass and golf-related low back pain in cross-sectional/case-control studies. Prospective data indicated that previous history of back pain predicts future episodes of pain.

Conclusion:

Individual demographic and anthropometric characteristics may be associated with low back pain, but this does not support a relationship between swing characteristics and the development of golf-related pain. Additional high-quality prospective studies are needed to clarify risk factors for back pain in golfers.
Linking Stressful Experiences and Psychological Problems: The Role of Self-Esteem
Authors: de Moor Elisabeth L. , Hutteman Roos , Korrelboom Kees , Laceulle Odilia M.
Published: August 2018

Stressful experiences have repeatedly been related to psychological problems. The current study extends previous work on stress and psychological problems by examining the link between stressful experiences and both internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems. Additionally, individual differences are investigated by testing the moderating role of self-esteem. Questionnaire data of 750 adolescents aged 12–18 were collected and analyzed using multiple regression analyses. Analyses were controlled for sex and socioeconomic status. Results indicated that adolescents who report more stressful experiences are more likely to experience both INT and EXT problems, and these relationships were stronger for adolescents with low self-esteem. Post hoc analyses (e.g., different thresholds for determining stressful experiences) support the robustness of our findings. The findings on self-esteem emphasize the importance of taking individual differences into account in the relation between stressful experiences and psychological problems. The results can be seen as a next step in cross-sectional research.
The effects of knee joint angle on neuromuscular activity during electrostimulation in healthy older adults
Authors: Gavin James P , Cooper Meryl , Wainwright Thomas W
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Electrostimulation devices stimulate the common peroneal nerve, producing a calf muscle-pump action to promote venous circulation. Whether knee joint angle influences calf neuromuscular activity remains unclear. Our aim was to determine the effects of knee joint angle on lower limb neuromuscular activity during electrostimulation.

Methods

Fifteen healthy, older adults underwent 60 min of electrostimulation, with the knee joint at three different angles (0°, 45° or 90° flexion; random order; 20 min each). Outcome variables included electromyography of the peroneus longus, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis and discomfort.

Results

Knee angle did not influence tibialis anterior and peroneus longus neuromuscular activity during electrostimulation. Neuromuscular activity was greater in the gastrocnemius medialis ( p = 0.002) and lateralis ( p = 0.002) at 90°, than 0° knee angle. Electrostimulation intensity was positively related to neuromuscular activity for each muscle, with a knee angle effect for the gastrocnemius medialis ( p = 0.05).

Conclusion

Results suggest that during electrostimulation, knee joint angle influenced gastrocnemii neuromuscular activity; increased gastrocnemius medialis activity across all intensities (at 90°), when compared to 0° and 45° flexion; and did not influence peroneus longus and tibialis anterior activity. Greater electrostimulation-evoked gastrocnemii activity has implications for producing a more forceful calf muscle-pump action, potentially further improving venous flow.
A Case of Recurrent Bacterial Meningitis Due to Retained 54-Year-Old Ureterodural Anastomosis
Authors: D’Assumpcao Carlos , Sandhu Ahana , Heidari Arash , Froush Arman G. , Hillyer Shahab , Chen Joseph , Ragland Alan
Published: August 2018

Ventriculoperitoneal shunts are the current treatment of choice for congenital hydrocephalus. It is rare for physicians to see patients with alternative types of shunting devices. Lumboureteral shunts, once popular from the 1940s to 1960s, decompress via the genitourinary system. Immediate complications were dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, infection, and the sacrifice of a functional kidney. Long-term complications include retrograde meningitis due to urinary tract infections. Three shunt types have been documented: polyethylene, silicone rubber, and ureterodural anastomosis. Routine imaging cannot detect a ureterodural anastomosis, and if suspected, computed tomography myelogram is needed for confirmation. This article presents the case of a man with long-standing ureterodural anastomosis that required ligation after recurrent episodes of acute meningitis secondary to urinary retention.
Cognitive Social Simulation for Policy Making
Authors: Sun Ron
Published: August 2018

Cognitive social simulation is at the intersection of cognitive modeling and social simulation, two forms of computer-based, quantitative modeling and understanding. Cognitive modeling centers on producing precise computational or mathematical models of mental processes (such as human reasoning or decision making), while social simulation focuses on precise models of social processes (such as group discussion or collective decision making). By combining cognitive and social models, cognitive social simulation is poised to address issues concerning both individual and social processes. To better anticipate the implications of policies, detailed simulation enables precise analysis of possible scenarios and outcomes. Thus, cognitive social simulation will have practical applications in relation to policy making in many areas that require understanding at both the individual and the aggregate level.
Pharmacists’ Knowledge of Veterinary Pharmacotherapy and the Impact of an Educational Intervention
Authors: Young Natalie W. , Royal Kenneth D. , Park Mina , Davidson Gigi S.
Published: August 2018

Background: To date, there is very limited data regarding pharmacists’ preparedness to handle animal prescriptions. No previous studies exist examining the impact of a veterinary-pharmacy–focused educational intervention. Objective: To assess pharmacists’ baseline knowledge of veterinary pharmacotherapy, as relevant to their professional responsibilities, and assess the impact of a piloted educational program. Methods: Two studies were conducted. The first study involved a statewide assessment of pharmacists’ knowledge of veterinary pharmacotherapy; the second study assessed the impact of an educational intervention to improve pharmacists’ veterinary pharmacotherapy knowledge base. Participants in the pilot study were assessed via pretest and posttest. Results: The statewide sample of participants (n = 602) received a mean score of 5.9 (SD = 2.6) on a 17-item questionnaire. There were no discernible differences in participants’ knowledge based on the subject matter of the question (pathophysiology, dosing, counseling, compounding, legality, and toxicology). Using the same 17-item questionnaire, pilot study participants (n = 60) received a mean score of 5.2 (SD = 2.4) on the pretest and 16.6 (SD = 0.7) on the posttest. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a substantial portion of pharmacists lack the knowledge needed to process and dispense the veterinary prescriptions most commonly encountered in community pharmacies. Furthermore, this study shows that implementation of an educational intervention can increase pharmacists’ knowledge of core concepts necessary to safely care for animal patients.
Inherited Breast Cancer in Nigerian Women
Authors: Zheng Yonglan , Walsh Tom , Gulsuner Suleyman , Casadei Silvia , Lee Ming K. , Ogundiran Temidayo O. , Ademola Adeyinka , Falusi Adeyinka G. , Adebamowo Clement A. , Oluwasola Abideen O. , Adeoye Adewumi , Odetunde Abayomi , Babalola Chinedum P. , Ojengbede Oladosu A. , Odedina Stella , Anetor Imaria , Wang Shengfeng , Huo Dezheng , Yoshimatsu Toshio F. , Zhang Jing , Felix Gabriela E.S. , King Mary-Claire , Olopade Olufunmilayo I.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Among Nigerian women, breast cancer is diagnosed at later stages, is more frequently triple-negative disease, and is far more frequently fatal than in Europe or the United States. We evaluated the contribution of an inherited predisposition to breast cancer in this population.

Patients and Methods

Cases were 1,136 women with invasive breast cancer (mean age at diagnosis, 47.5 ± 11.5 years) ascertained in Ibadan, Nigeria. Patients were selected regardless of age at diagnosis, family history, or prior genetic testing. Controls were 997 women without cancer (mean age at interview, 47.0 ± 12.4 years) from the same communities. BROCA panel sequencing was used to identify loss-of-function mutations in known and candidate breast cancer genes.

Results

Of 577 patients with information on tumor stage, 86.1% (497) were diagnosed at stage III (241) or IV (256). Of 290 patients with information on tumor hormone receptor status and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, 45.9% (133) had triple-negative breast cancer. Among all cases, 14.7% (167 of 1,136) carried a loss-of-function mutation in a breast cancer gene: 7.0% in BRCA1, 4.1% in BRCA2, 1.0% in PALB2, 0.4% in TP53, and 2.1% in any of 10 other genes. Odds ratios were 23.4 (95% CI, 7.4 to 73.9) for BRCA1 and 10.3 (95% CI, 3.7 to 28.5) for BRCA2. Risks were also significantly associated with PALB2 (11 cases, zero controls; P = .002) and TP53 (five cases, zero controls; P = .036). Compared with other patients, BRCA1 mutation carriers were younger ( P < .001) and more likely to have triple-negative breast cancer ( P = .028).

Conclusion

Among Nigerian women, one in eight cases of invasive breast cancer is a result of inherited mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, or TP53, and breast cancer risks associated with these genes are extremely high. Given limited resources, prevention and early detection services should be especially focused on these highest-risk women.
Ethnicity-Specific Skeletal Muscle Transcriptional Signatures and Their Relevance to Insulin Resistance in Singapore
Authors: Tan Amelia Li Min , Langley Sarah R , Tan Chee Fan , Chai Jin Fang , Khoo Chin Meng , Leow Melvin Khee-Shing , Khoo Eric Yin Hao , Moreno-Moral Aida , Pravenec Michal , Rotival Maxime , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Velan S Sendhil , Venkataraman Kavita , Chong Yap Seng , Lee Yung Seng , Sim Xueling , Stunkel Walter , Liu Mei Hui , Tai E Shyong , Petretto Enrico
Published: August 2018

Context

Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity differ among ethnic groups in Singapore, with the Malays more obese yet less IR than Asian-Indians. However, the molecular basis underlying these differences is not clear.

Objective

As the skeletal muscle (SM) is metabolically relevant to IR, we investigated molecular pathways in SM that are associated with ethnic differences in IR, obesity, and related traits.

Design, Setting, and Main Outcome Measures

We integrated transcriptomic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses in 156 healthy subjects representing three major ethnicities in the Singapore Adult Metabolism Study.

Patients

This study contains Chinese (n = 63), Malay (n = 51), and Asian-Indian (n = 42) men, aged 21 to 40 years, without systemic diseases.

Results

We found remarkable diversity in the SM transcriptome among the three ethnicities, with >8000 differentially expressed genes (40% of all genes expressed in SM). Comparison with blood transcriptome from a separate Singaporean cohort showed that >95% of SM expression differences among ethnicities were unique to SM. We identified a network of 46 genes that were specifically downregulated in Malays, suggesting dysregulation of components of cellular respiration in SM of Malay individuals. We also report 28 differentially expressed gene clusters, four of which were also enriched for genes that were found in genome-wide association studies of metabolic traits and disease and correlated with variation in IR, obesity, and related traits.

Conclusion

We identified extensive gene-expression changes in SM among the three Singaporean ethnicities and report specific genes and molecular pathways that might underpin and explain the differences in IR among these ethnic groups.