bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Initial Prevalence Moderates Network-based Smoking Change
Authors: adams jimi , Schaefer David R.
Published: March 2016

We use an empirically grounded simulation model to examine how initial smoking prevalence moderates the effectiveness of potential interventions designed to change adolescent smoking behavior. Our model investigates the differences that result when manipulating peer influence and smoker popularity as intervention levers. We demonstrate how a simulation-based approach allows us to estimate outcomes that arise (1) when intervention effects could plausibly alter peer influence and/or smoker popularity effects and (2) across a sample of schools that match the range of initial conditions of smoking prevalence in U.S. schools. We show how these different initial conditions combined with the exact same intervention effects can produce substantially different outcomes—for example, effects that produce smoking declines in some settings can actually increase smoking in others. We explore the form and magnitude of these differences. Our model also provides a template to evaluate the potential effects of alternative intervention scenarios.
Multiple Chronic Conditions, Spouse’s Depressive Symptoms, and Gender within Marriage
Authors: Thomeer Mieke Beth
Published: March 2016

Multiple chronic conditions (i.e., multimorbidity) increase a person’s depressive symptoms more than having one chronic condition. Little is known regarding whether multimorbidity similarly increases the depressive symptoms of one’s spouse and whether this depends on type of condition, gender, or both spouses’ health status. Analysis of multiple waves of the Health and Retirement Study reveals husband’s number of chronic conditions is positively related to wife’s depressive symptoms when both spouses are chronically ill. The association between wife’s chronic conditions and husband’s depressive symptoms is weaker and less robust. Type of chronic condition also matters but which type depends on the gender and health status of both spouses. By highlighting key contexts where chronic conditions are connected to spousal depressive symptoms, this study identifies areas of vulnerability and urges researchers and clinicians to consider multimorbidity when designing and implementing interventions, along with gender, both spouses’ chronic conditions, and condition type.
From a perpetrator’s perspective
Authors: Smidt Hannah
Published: March 2016

Do international election observers deter or spur violence after election day? This article argues that only when conceptually and empirically distinguishing between violence by governments and opposition groups, can we assess the impact of international election observation. Disaggregating post-electoral violence uncovers that observers can deter governments from using force, but they have the opposite effect on opposition groups. When expecting criticism from observers, opposition leaders can easily deny their responsibility for violence by individual party militants, while weaponry and official insignia betray police and military involvement in violence and force the government to bear command responsibility. Governments also anticipate higher international costs for engaging in post-electoral violence than opposition groups, which are not usually targets of international punishment. On the other hand, international election observers unintentionally incite opposition groups to organize violence, as opposition groups seek to benefit from international attention and support that come with the presence of observers. Observers’ exposure of fraud reverses this differential effect: because governments expect international costs for election rigging anyway, observers cannot deter repression after highly fraudulent elections. But their alertness to electoral malpractice alleviates opposition groups’ incentives for post-electoral violence. Using data on 230 state-wide elections in Africa from 1990 to 2009, the analysis supports the observable implications of this argument. The findings of this article imply that international election observation missions make the post-electoral environment more peaceful when it comes to government repression after non-fraudulent elections. But observers ought to develop greater local expertise to identify opposition grievances before these groups resort to violence and be attentive to the possibility of increased repression after exposing cheating.
New life, old conspiracies: Pamuk’s parodic representations of Turkish conspiratorial logic in The New Life
Authors: Alver Ahmet
Published: March 2016

Taking as its starting point the recent condemnation by certain pro-government sectors of the Turkish press of author Orhan Pamuk as being a member of an ‘international literature lobby’,1 this article examines Pamuk’s exploration of conspiracy and counter-conspiracy as central facets of Turkish intellectual, social and literary life. The notion that shadowy ‘Western forces’ are trying to undermine an independent Turkish state is as embedded in Turkish cultural discourse as the idea that Islamists are trying to effect social change for a similar purpose. In The New Life, Pamuk exposed and parodied the logic of such conspiracies and counter-conspiracies, little knowing that within a decade he would become the focus of such arguments. This article examines that novel and unpicks the threads of conspiratorial logic that Pamuk demonstrates as being central to the Turkish identity, arguing that the ‘Janus Nation’ – a nation formed from the contradictions between East and West, secular and sacred, din and devlet – necessarily expresses itself in terms of the ‘other’.
Nietzsche’s concept of ressentiment as the psychological structure for Sartre’s theory of anti-Semitism
Authors: Remley William L.
Published: March 2016

Jean-Paul Sartre was among the first to address the ‘strange silence’ on the Jewish question in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War. In doing so, he influenced an entire generation of thinkers concerning not only anti-Semitism specifically, but all forms of racism generally. Yet what are the antecedents to Sartre’s polemic in Anti-Semite and Jew? In this paper, I argue that Nietzsche’s man of ressentiment forms the structural foundation for Sartre’s penetrating psychological analysis of the anti-Semite. Moreover, it is also my argument that both Nietzsche and Sartre advance similar solutions to the problem of ressentiment, which can only come about by overcoming the situation we are thrown into through a will to power. But this also means understanding oneself and in the end ‘making oneself in the face of all, and against all.’
Variable structure MPP controller for photovoltaic pumping system
Authors: Farhat Maissa , Barambones Oscar , Fleh Aymen , Sbita Lassad
Published: March 2016

This work is oriented to research performance in terms of optimal transfer of energy from a photovoltaic generator to a permeant magnet synchronous motor type used as a centrifuge pump driver. The performance improvement is done using a variable structure controller with sliding mode as a maximum power point tracker (MPPT). A stability analysis for the proposed MPPT is developed for a photovoltaic (PV) pumping system. The global stability of the variable structure algorithm is demonstrated by means of Lyapunov’s approach. The tracking algorithm leads the PV generator coordinates to the maximum power point by changing the pulse width modulation (PWM) signal frequency of the boost converter. The steady-state behaviour of the PV pumping system with variable structure control is characterized by a stable oscillation around the maximum power point. The effectiveness of the proposed MPPT scheme is demonstrated under internal and external disturbances.
Suitability of utilizing small horizontal axis wind turbines for off grid loads in eastern region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rehman S , Baseer MA , Meyer JP , Alam Md M , Alhems LM , Lashin A , Al Arifi N
Published: March 2016

Small wind turbines of 1–3, 5–10, and 15–20 kW rated powers are used to find out suitable and efficient turbines for power generation in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the effect of hub height on energy output and the plant capacity factor is investigated to recommend an optimal hub height to be used in the present case. To achieve the set objectives, hourly mean wind speed data measured at 20, 30, and 40 m and wind direction at 30 and 40 m during 13 September 2005 to 9 May 2010 have been utilized. The annual mean wind speed values were 5.73, 5.34, and 4.75 m/s at 40, 30, and 20 m with north-north west (NNW) prevailing wind direction. An increase of about 20.7% was estimated in wind speed measured at 40 m compared to that at 20 m. Wind turbines Fortis Passat—1.4 kW, Fortis Montana—5.8 kW, Fortis Alize—10 kW, and CF20—20 kW with annual energy and plant capacity factor of 7.015 MW h and 57.2%, 25.955 MW h and 51.08%, 42.603 MW h and 48.63%, and 54.674 MW h and 31.21% were the most efficient turbines for the chosen location, respectively. Highest percentage increase in annual energy yield was obtained for a mere change of 5 m from 15 to 20 m in hub height in the present case study. The next best annual energy yield was obtained while increasing hub height from 20 to 30 m.
Inequity Leads to Distress and a Reduction in Satisfaction: Evidence From a Priming Experiment
Authors: Sprecher Susan
Published: March 2016

Considerable research has shown that perceptions of inequity in relationships are associated with distress and relationship dissatisfaction, thus providing support for equity theory’s predictions. The evidence, however, is based primarily on correlational data, making it difficult to determine causality. The reverse causal direction could also explain the correlational findings—dissatisfaction could lead to perceptions of inequity. This study employed experimental priming, in which participants wrote a narrative about a past situation in their relationship, either an underbenefiting situation, an overbenefiting situation, or an equity situation (randomly assigned). Participants who were primed to think about a past underbenefiting inequity reported more distress than those who were primed to think about a past overbenefiting inequity; those who were primed for equity were the least distressed. In addition, the equity/inequity prime affected participants’ score on a satisfaction scale completed in regard to their current relationship. Those who wrote about a past underbenefiting inequity reported lower relationship satisfaction than those who wrote about either an equity or an overbenefiting inequity. The results of this study suggest that making salient inequity situations from one’s relationship may have negative effects on the relationship.
Working through exceptional space: The case of women migrant workers in Mae Sot, Thailand
Authors: Kusakabe Kyoko , Pearson Ruth
Published: March 2016

This article focuses on the borderland of Thailand with Myanmar and analyzes how Burmese women migrant workers are both victimized – Agamben’s homo sacer – by the exceptional space of the borderland, but also are able to actively utilize the opportunities afforded by the particular space of the border to juggle their responsibilities and life options. The article focuses on how women migrant workers arrange their healthcare, childcare and children’s education at the borderland of Mae Sot and in the centerland of Bangkok, and analyzes how they use the opportunities available at the border to manage these tasks. At the same time, the borderland leaves women with very weak protection against violence, cut off from their communities of origin, which offer both protection and control. Although borderlands can provide space for alternatives, this exceptional space compounded with a strict gender regime can pose serious restrictions on women’s agency.
Dual task cost of cognition is related to fall risk in patients with multiple sclerosis: a prospective study
Authors: Etemadi Yasaman
Published: March 2016

Objective:

To examine whether change in cognitive performance during dual task condition compared with a task in isolation, known as dual task cost, is related to fall risk of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Design:

Prospective cohort. During baseline assessment, data about balance, walking and cognitive performance of patients with multiple sclerosis were collected under a single and dual task condition. The dual task cost was calculated as a percentage of change in parameters from single to dual task conditions. Falls were recorded prospectively for six months and participants were classified as none/one time fallers and recurrent fallers (⩾2 falls). The association between dual task costs and fall status was evaluated by logistic regression.

Setting:

Balance research lab of university hospital.

Participants:

A total of 60 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Interventions:

Not applicable.

Main outcome measures:

The dual task cost of the center of pressure sway area, walking velocity and correct response rate were outcome measures for balance, walking and cognitive performance, respectively.

Results:

A total of 79 falls were reported by 38 of the participants who experienced one or more falls; 26 (43.3%) of them had recurrent falls. Dual tasking resulted in increased sway area and decreased walking velocity and correct response rate during walking (all p values <0.05). Logistic regressions showed that the dual task cost of the correct response rate during walking and walking velocity were associated with increased risk of recurrent falls ( P = 0.02, odds ratio = 1.34; confidence interval (CI) 1.04–3.74; P =  0.05, odds ratio = 1.23, CI = 1.02–4.45, respectively).

Conclusions:

The dual task cost of cognition was related to fall, which should be considered as a target for falls evaluation and prevention strategies.
Mood and Flow
Authors: Fink Lauren , Drake Jennifer E.
Published: March 2016

We examined the benefits of a single session of narrative and poetry writing to determine the immediate effects of each on mood and flow. Following a sad mood induction, we randomly assigned participants to a narrative versus poetry format and to an express versus a distract condition. We measured affect before and after writing and asked participants to complete a flow and enjoyment questionnaire after writing. The distract condition improved affect (by increasing positive and decreasing negative affect) more than did the express condition, regardless of writing format. The poetry format resulted in greater enjoyment than the narrative format, but flow did not differ by condition. Results show that, parallel to findings with drawing, writing to distract is a more effective means of mood improvement than writing to express, at least in the short term. Distraction appears to be the driving force leading to greater mood improvement, regardless of writing format.
No Difference on Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patellofemoral Cartilage Composition Between Patients With Patellofemoral Pain and Healthy Controls
Authors: van der Heijden Rianne A. , Oei Edwin H.G. , Bron Esther E. , van Tiel Jasper , van Veldhoven Peter L.J. , Klein Stefan , Verhaar Jan A.N. , Krestin Gabriel P. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. , van Middelkoop Marienke
Published: March 2016

Background:

Retropatellar cartilage damage has been suggested as an etiological factor for patellofemoral pain (PFP), a common knee condition among young and physically active individuals. To date, there is no conclusive evidence for an association between cartilage defects and PFP. Nowadays, advanced quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques enable estimation of cartilage composition.

Purpose:

To investigate differences in patellofemoral cartilage composition between patients with PFP and healthy control subjects using quantitative MRI.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients with PFP and healthy control subjects underwent 3.0-T MRI including delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage and T1ρ and T2 mapping. Differences in relaxation times of patellofemoral cartilage were compared between groups by linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, sports participation, and time of image acquisition.

Results:

This case-control study included 64 patients and 70 controls. The mean (±SD) age was 23.2 ± 6.4 years and the mean body mass index was 22.9 ± 3.4 kg/m2; 56.7% were female. For delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage, the mean T1GD relaxation times of patellar (657.8 vs 669.4 ms) and femoral cartilage (661.6 vs 659.8 ms) did not significantly differ between patients and controls. In addition, no significant difference was found in mean T1ρ relaxation times of patellar (46.9 vs 46.0 ms) and femoral cartilage (50.8 vs 50.2 ms) and mean T2 relaxation times of patellar (33.2 vs 32.9 ms) and femoral cartilage (36.7 vs 36.6 ms) between patients and controls. Analysis of prespecified medial and lateral subregions within the patellofemoral cartilage also revealed no significant differences.

Conclusion:

There was no difference in composition of the patellofemoral cartilage, estimated with multiple quantitative MRI techniques, between patients with PFP and healthy control subjects. However, clinically relevant differences could not be ruled out for T1ρ in the adolescent population. Retropatellar cartilage damage has long been hypothesized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of PFP, but study findings suggest that diminished patellofemoral cartilage composition is not associated with PFP.
The interaction between the cutting force and induced sub-surface damage in machining of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics
Authors: Jia Zhenyuan , Su Youliang , Niu Bin , Zhang Boyu , Wang Fuji
Published: March 2016

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) have the characteristics of non-homogeneity and anisotropy. Damage occurs frequently in machining of CFRPs, and it can seriously influence the performance of work piece. This study builds a finite element model for machining of CFRPs based on the constitutive relation with damage, the Hashin failure criterion, and the damage evolution. The continuous cutting processes of unidirectional CFRPs with various fiber orientations are simulated. Cutting forces and sub-surface damage are determined from simulations. Furthermore, machining experiments on unidirectional-CFRPs are performed. Cutting processes are monitored, and cutting forces are measured. An artificial neural network (ANN) force model is proposed by using the experimental data, and then simulation results of the cutting forces are validated by these of the ANN model. Cutting force increases when the fiber orientation varies from 0° to 135°. Fiber orientation is the critical factor affecting the cutting force and the sub-surface damage. More sub-surface damage occurs in a fiber orientation range of 90–135°. The primary reasons for the induced sub-surface damage include the damage evolution and the crack propagation of matrix caused by the cutting force. In addition, the effects of cutting parameters and tool geometries on the cutting force and the damage are discussed by simulations. The cutting force thus can be reasonably controlled to reduce the damage.
The application of prepared porous carbon materials: Effect of different components on the heavy metal adsorption
Authors: Song Min , Wei Yuexing , Yu Lei , Tang Xinhong
Published: March 2016

In this study, five typical municipal solid waste (MSW) components (tyres, cardboard, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic textile, toilet paper) were used as raw materials to prepare four kinds of MSW-based carbon materials (paperboard-based carbon materials (AC1); the tyres and paperboard-based carbon materials (AC2); the tyres, paperboard and PVC-based carbon materials (AC3); the tyres, paperboard, toilet paper, PVC and acrylic textile-based carbon materials (AC4)) by the KOH activation method. The characteristic results illustrate that the prepared carbon adsorbents exhibited a large pore volume, high surface area and sufficient oxygen functional groups. Furthermore, the application of AC1, AC2, AC3, AC4 on different heavy metal (Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cr3+) removals was explored to investigate their adsorption properties. The effects of reaction time, pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption capability of heavy metals were investigated. Comparisons of heavy metal adsorption on carbon of different components were carried out. Among the four samples, AC1 exhibits the highest adsorption capacity for Cu2+; the highest adsorption capacities of Pb2+ and Zn2+ are obtained for AC2; that of Cr3+ are obtained for AC4. In addition, the carbon materials exhibit better adsorption capability of Cu2+ and Pb2+ than the other two kind of metal ions (Zn2+ and Cr3+).
SimCity in the Community Planning Classroom
Authors: Terzano Kathryn , Morckel Victoria
Published: March 2016

This article has three objectives. It first examines whether the latest version of SimCity can achieve learning objectives related to systems thinking, problem solving, creativity, and regional understanding in the classroom. Second, it examines whether the game influences student interest in planning. Third, it considers whether the game impacts students’ perception of the discipline. Using instructor observation, students’ game creations, and surveys, we find that the game can achieve the aforementioned learning objectives, increase student interest, and increase the perception of planning as being creative and fun. The results have implications for instruction, student recruitment, and perceptions of the field.
Pornography, Sexual Coercion and Abuse and Sexting in Young People’s Intimate Relationships: A European Study
Authors: Stanley Nicky , Barter Christine , Wood Marsha , Aghtaie Nadia , Larkins Cath , Lanau Alba , Överlien Carolina
Published: March 2016

New technology has made pornography increasingly accessible to young people, and a growing evidence base has identified a relationship between viewing pornography and violent or abusive behavior in young men. This article reports findings from a large survey of 4,564 young people aged 14 to 17 in five European countries which illuminate the relationship between regular viewing of online pornography, sexual coercion and abuse and the sending and receiving of sexual images and messages, known as “sexting.” In addition to the survey, which was completed in schools, 91 interviews were undertaken with young people who had direct experience of interpersonal violence and abuse in their own relationships. Rates for regularly viewing online pornography were very much higher among boys and most had chosen to watch pornography. Boys’ perpetration of sexual coercion and abuse was significantly associated with regular viewing of online pornography. Viewing online pornography was also associated with a significantly increased probability of having sent sexual images/messages for boys in nearly all countries. In addition, boys who regularly watched online pornography were significantly more likely to hold negative gender attitudes. The qualitative interviews illustrated that, although sexting is normalized and perceived positively by most young people, it has the potential to reproduce sexist features of pornography such as control and humiliation. Sex and relationships education should aim to promote a critical understanding of pornography among young people that recognizes its abusive and gendered values.
Measuring Attitudes About Hate: Development of the Hate Crime Beliefs Scale
Authors: Cabeldue Mollimichelle K. , Cramer Robert J. , Kehn Andre , Crosby James W. , Anastasi Jeffrey S.
Published: March 2016

Employing the federal Hate Crimes Prevention Act (HCPA) of 2009 and other such legislation as a backdrop, the present study evaluated the nature of beliefs about hate-crime legislation, offenders, and victims. In addition, it investigated construct validity (i.e., political beliefs and prejudice) and predictive validity (i.e., blame attribution and sentencing recommendations). A total of 403 U.S. adults completed measures of prejudice and an initial pool of 50 items forming the proposed Hate Crime Beliefs Scale (HCBS). Participants were randomly assigned to read one of four hate-crime vignettes, which varied in regard to type of prejudice (racial-, sexual orientation-, transgender-, and religion-based prejudices) and then responded to blame and sentencing questions. Factor analyses of the HCBS resulted in four sub-scales: Negative Views (i.e., higher scores reflect negative views of legislation and minority group protection), Offender Punishment (i.e., higher scores suggest endorsement of greater punishment), Deterrence (i.e., greater scores denote support for hate-crime legislation as a deterrent of more violence), and Victim Harm (i.e., higher scores reflect pro-victim attitudes). Greater pro-legislation and pro-victim beliefs were related to liberal political beliefs and less prejudicial attitudes, with some exceptions. Controlling for a number of demographic, situational, and attitudinal covariates, the Negative Views sub-scale displayed predictive utility, such that more negative views of legislation/minority group protection were associated with elevated victim blame, as well as lower perpetrator blame and sentencing recommendations. Results are discussed in the context of hate-crime research and policy, with additional implications considered for trial strategy, modern prejudice, and blame attribution theory.
Depressive Symptoms, Cognition, and Everyday Function Among Community-Residing Older Adults
Authors: Brewster Glenna S. , Peterson Lindsay , Roker Rosalyn , Ellis Michelle L. , Edwards Jerri D.
Published: March 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the relationships among depressive symptoms, cognition, and functional performance in a community-based sample of older adults. Method: Older adults ( N = 885) from the Staying Keen in Later Life study completed tests of executive function, speed of processing, and memory. The Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale assessed depressive symptoms. The Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Test assessed participants’ everyday functional performance. Results: Depressive symptoms had significant associations with measures of executive function, speed of processing, memory, and everyday functional performance. Cognitive performance completely mediated the association between depressive symptoms and everyday function. Discussion: Among community-dwelling older adults, depressive symptoms were associated with impaired cognition across multiple domains, which detrimentally affected everyday function. Health care providers should be aware of these associations to monitor and manage changes in depressive symptoms and cognitive performance and thereby potentially mitigate functional decline.
Multi response optimization of cutting parameters in drilling of AISI 304 stainless steels using response surface methodology
Authors: Balaji M , Murthy BSN , Rao N Mohan
Published: March 2016

This study focused on the effect of drilling parameters such as helix angle, spindle speed and feed rate on surface roughness, flank wear and acceleration of drill vibration velocity. Using design of experiments, 18 experiments were conducted on AISI 304 steel with carbide twist drill bits. A laser Doppler vibrometer was used for online acquisition of cutter vibration data in the form of acousto optic emission signals. A fast Fourier transformer was used to convert the time domain signals into frequency domain. Response surface methodology was used to identify significant parameters in the analysis of surface roughness, flank wear and acceleration of drill vibration velocity. A multi response surface optimization technique was used to find out optimum drilling parameters. Helix angle of 25°, feed rate of 10 mm and spindle speed of 750 r/min were found to be optimum cutting parameters for minimization of surface roughness, flank wear and acceleration of vibration velocity.
Visual aids for safe operation of remotely piloted vehicles in the controlled air space
Authors: Giulietti Fabrizio , Pollini Lorenzo , Avanzini Giulio
Published: March 2016

The paper presents a set of visual aids for enhancing remote pilot perception of potential violations of allowed fly areas or conflicts with conventional air traffic when operating remotely piloted aerial vehicles. Assuming a video stream from an on-board camera is available to the remote pilot, visual aids are provided in a head-up display modality by means of reality augmentation techniques. The main visual element consists of a dynamic set of fences allowing for a safe aircraft separation away from no-fly zones and from neighboring vehicles. The shape of the fences is varied according to aircraft current speed and altitude, in order to allow for a sufficient safety margin, also in case of a loss-of-control accident. As a further visual aid, the predicted future position of the aircraft is determined and fence color is changed in order to highlight potential violations of the allowed operational area. The proposed methodology is validated by means of simulations in a reference operational scenario. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving pilot awareness.
An extension of the streamline curvature through-flow design method for bypass fans of turbofan engines
Authors: Acarer Sercan , Özkol Ünver
Published: March 2016

The two-dimensional through-flow modeling of turbomachinery is still one of the most powerful tools available to the turbomachinery industry for aerodynamic design, analysis, and post-processing of test data due to its robustness and speed. Although variety of aspects of such a modeling approach are discussed in the publicly available literature for compressors and turbines, not much emphasis is placed on combined modeling of the fan and the downstream splitter of turbofan engines. The current article addresses this void by presenting a streamline curvature through-flow methodology that is suitable for inverse design for such a problem. A new split-flow method for the streamline solver, alternative to the publicly available analysis-oriented method, is implemented and initially compared with two-dimensional axisymmetric computational fluid dynamics on two representative geometries for high and low bypass ratios. The empirical models for incidence, deviation, loss, and end-wall blockage are compiled from the literature and calibrated against two test cases: experimental data of NASA two-stage fan and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics of a custom-designed transonic fan stage. Finally, experimental validation against GE-NASA bypass fan case is accomplished to validate the complete methodology. The proposed method is a simple extension of streamline curvature method and can be applied to existing compressor methodologies with minimum numerical effort.
Importance of Quality in Health Care Sector
Authors: Gupta Khushboo Sabharwal , Rokade Varsha
Published: March 2016

Customer satisfaction is the most important parameter for judging the quality of service being provided by a service provider to the customer. Positive feedback from the customer leads to the goodwill of service providers in the market, which indirectly expands their business, whereas negative feedback makes it shrink. This theory is also applicable to health care providers. Nowadays, patients are aware of their rights in terms of health care services and the quality of health care services being delivered to them. There are various tools or indicators which are set to provide the quality of services for patients without any acquired infection. In this article, literature review has been done to study various tools given by distinct authors and customer satisfaction and quality indicators given by health organizations to measure quality in the health care sector.
From labour migration to labour mobility? The return of the multinational worker in Europe
Authors: Andrijasevic Rutvica , Sacchetto Devi
Published: March 2016

There is currently a large knowledge gap about intra-European labour migration. Commentators are caught up in a debate over whether such movement is best understood in terms of social dumping and hence a race to the bottom, or in terms of business opportunities and benefits for firms, states and mobile workers. The argument put forward in this article is that both approaches are inadequate in that they focus attention on a linear east-to-west Europe movement and discuss it from the vantage point of the state, businesses and trade unions in the country of destination. In order to gain a clearer understanding of emerging migration patterns in the enlarged Europe this article adopts mobility of workers as the analytical lens through which to examine the integration of labour markets as well as the tensions between capital, trade unions and labour to which mobility gives rise. Building on fieldwork conducted at Foxconn electronics assembly plants in the Czech Republic, the article suggests that the term ‘multinational’ worker is best suited to convey the experiences and practices of this emergent workforce.
Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma with systemic dissemination in a dog
Authors: Mineshige Takayuki , Kawarai Shinpei , Yauchi Takahiro , Segawa Kazuhito , Neo Sakurako , Sugahara Go , Kamiie Junichi , Hisasue Masaharu , Shirota Kinji
Published: March 2016

Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (CETL) is characterized by neoplastic T-cell infiltration of the epidermis, adnexal structures, and oral mucosa. The objective of this report was to describe the pathological findings of a canine case of terminal-stage CETL. A 10-year-old, mixed-breed, neutered male dog was presented with erosion of the oral mucosa and mucocutaneous junction. The dog was diagnosed with CETL with no evidence of metastasis. Despite chemotherapy, the dog was re-presented with oral pain, vomiting, and diarrhea, and died 17 months after the first visit to the hospital. A complete autopsy was performed. Histologic examination of the primary lesion and systemic organs was performed. Gross examination revealed an advanced-stage oral lesion. Distinct tumor formation was not observed in the primary sites and systemic organs. Histologically, the primary oral lesion was characterized by massive intraepithelial infiltration of a large number of neoplastic lymphocytes. The neoplastic cells in the metastatic sites also showed exclusive epitheliotropic proliferation in organs, including the trachea, tonsils, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, anal mucosa, liver, pancreas, kidneys, urinary bladder, prostate gland, ear canals, and auricular and ventral skin. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for CD3 and negative for CD20 as well as CD79α, supporting a diagnosis of CETL with systemic dissemination. In canine CETL with systemic signs, systemic metastasis should be considered even without evident mass formation. Neoplastic lymphocytes of CETL showed distinct epitheliotropism even in the systemic metastatic sites.
Investigation of cue-based aggregation in static and dynamic environments with a mobile robot swarm
Authors: Arvin Farshad , Turgut Ali Emre , Krajník Tomáš , Yue Shigang
Published: March 2016

Aggregation is one of the most fundamental behaviors and has been studied in swarm robotic researches for more than two decades. Studies in biology have revealed that the environment is a preeminent factor, especially in cue-based aggregation. This can be defined as aggregation at a particular location which is a heat or a light source acting as a cue indicating an optimal zone. In swarm robotics, studies on cue-based aggregation mainly focused on different methods of aggregation and different parameters such as population size. Although of utmost importance, environmental effects on aggregation performance have not been studied systematically. In this paper, we study the effects of different environmental factors: size, texture and number of cues in a static setting, and moving cues in a dynamic setting using real robots. We used the aggregation time and size of the aggregate as the two metrics with which to measure aggregation performance. We performed real robot experiments with different population sizes and evaluated the performance of aggregation using the defined metrics. We also proposed a probabilistic aggregation model and predicted the aggregation performance accurately in most of the settings. The results of the experiments show that environmental conditions affect the aggregation performance considerably and have to be studied in depth.
Place Matters, but Maybe Not in the Ways They Think It Does . . .
Authors: DeFilippis James
Published: March 2016

This article discusses the new edition of Place Matters, and uses it to discuss two primary problems in the accepted liberal narrative of segregation and spatial inequalities in metropolitan areas. The first is the over-emphasis on public policies as the cause of segregation and injustices. Such a narrative of causality lets the private market off the hook, and thereby makes transforming the market in ways that make it more equitable and just much more difficult. The second problem is that the book conceives of space and place in ways that are too simple, and therefore its analyses and policy proposals are not up to the tasks of understanding or addressing the complex relationships between space and justice.
Place Matters, and So Does Race
Authors: Thompson J. Phillip
Published: March 2016

Concerning the central thesis of Place Matters, I support the idea of regional equity and their analysis that place matters for people’s differing life prospects. However, to paraphrase Cornell West, I think “race matters” more than geography. It helps us understand why people of color, especially Blacks, are in places that became bad, and it is also why it is difficult to move Black people out of these places. Has the United States changed so much that White working-class suburbanites are ready to unite with Blacks and Latinos to force a more equitable distribution of resources from the wealthy suburbs? The current campaigns of Sanders and Clinton point in different directions on this question, yet it does not mean that the fight for regional governance can be avoided. Beyond the need to reduce gross inequalities within regions, regional governance and planning is sensible and effective from the perspective of transportation, health, housing, economic development, ecology, and politics.
Living Together in the Topological Home
Authors: Kallio Kirsi Pauliina
Published: March 2016

The article discusses the mundane politics of familial life from children’s perspectives and portrays the home as a relational space of subject formation and a context of everyday politics. The approach is based on an Arendt-inspired understanding of politics and a topological conception of spatiality that appreciates the intensity, frequency, and significance of social relations as being constitutive of political life. The article views the home as spatially finite yet open-ended in scale, resting upon and shifting by intersubjectively established and subjectively experienced spatial attachments. It therefore appears as a multifaceted context of development and practice that consists of people, places, ideas and things near and far, of kith and kin. The empirical analysis, based on an ethnographic research project, explores the plurality of children’s familial spatial attachments, the particularity of their familial subjectivities, and their active and developing political agencies in the “topological home.”
The Mezzanine
Authors: Shapiro Aaron
Published: March 2016

The history of urban design and urban planning is often conceptualized through a tension between top-down and bottom-up realizations of power. This binary is then mapped onto two ideal-type figures: the planner, with his privileged visuality from atop the skyscraper, and the flaneur, with his tactile and tactical routes through the streetscape. This article argues that the top-down/bottom-up dichotomy misses a fundamental location of power in spatial production: the mezzanine. The mezzanine is the strata of urban space located just above street level, but far below the perches of the planner’s eye. The article explores four mediations that occur on the mezzanine level: connectivity (utility poles, telephone wires, the grid), the management of mobility (traffic signs and signals), navigation (street signs, address systems), and surveillance (CCTV, street lights, eyes on the street). It argues that studies of material infrastructure located at the mezzanine complicate the top-down/bottom-up distinction.
The spoken and unspoken nature of child abuse in the miniseries Devil’s Playground: The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, the Catholic Church and television drama in Australia
Authors: Waddell Terrie , Jones Timothy W
Published: March 2016

In a departure from Fred Schepisi’s film The Devil’s Playground, the television sequel Devil’s Playground focuses on the cultural impact of priest child abuse. It will be argued that the prolific mainstream media coverage of these crimes before the series was made, and anticipated during its screening, lent a form of permission to green light the production. In focusing on Case 28 of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, this article will draw attention to the problematic nature of dramatising priest abuse in mainstream Australian television. While victims have willingly voiced graphic details of the sexual violence they experienced as children, after decades of silence, it is as if networks and producers are only now awkwardly grappling with these uncomfortable realities. In the process of sanitising such abusive behaviour, they reduce the degree of cruelty that survivors are intent on communicating.
A comparison of relative displacement fields between numerical predictions and experimental results in fretting contact
Authors: Juoksukangas J , Lehtovaara A , Mäntylä A
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a comparison is made between calculated and measured displacements from a complete contact fretting test device. An experimental technique based on digital image correlation was used to measure the local displacement field at the contact interface. The material of the fretting specimen and pads was quenched and tempered steel. The effect of test device compliances and rigid body movement was minimized by measuring displacements very close to the contact interface. The measured displacements were successfully compared to the computed displacements of a corresponding finite element model. The relative slip amplitude in partial slip conditions, slip distribution across the contact, length of the slip region, and accumulated slip distribution, were compared. Relative slip decreases markedly with increasing normal load and friction coefficient. The friction coefficient was calibrated and determined as a function of loading cycles of fretting fatigue tests with two normal loads. The friction coefficient was found to increase at the beginning of tests and stabilize after about 1000 cycles, which is in agreement with general observations.
A prospective comparison of telemedicine versus in-person delivery of an interprofessional education program for adults with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Kennedy Carol A , Warmington Kelly , Flewelling Carol , Shupak Rachel , Papachristos Angelo , Jones Caroline , Linton Denise , Beaton Dorcas E , Lineker Sydney , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah
Published: March 2016

Introduction

We evaluated two modes of delivery of an inflammatory arthritis education program (“Prescription for Education” (RxEd)) in improving arthritis self-efficacy and other secondary outcomes.

Methods

We used a non-randomized, pre-post design to compare videoconferencing (R, remote using telemedicine) versus local (I, in-person) delivery of the program. Data were collected at baseline (T1), immediately following RxEd (T2), and at six months (T3). Self-report questionnaires served as the data collection tool. Measures included demographics, disorder-related, Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale (SE), previous knowledge (Arthritis Community Research and Evaluation Unit (ACREU) rheumatoid arthritis knowledge questionnaire), coping efficacy, Illness Intrusiveness, and Effective Consumer Scale. Analysis included: baseline comparisons and longitudinal trends (R vs I groups); direct between-group comparisons; and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) analysis.

Results

A total of 123 persons attended the program (I: n = 36; R: n = 87) and 111 completed the baseline questionnaire (T1), with follow-up completed by 95% ( n = 117) at T2 and 62% ( n = 76) at T3. No significant baseline differences were found across patient characteristics and outcome measures. Both groups (R and I) showed immediate effect (improved arthritis SE, mean change (95% confidence interval (CI)): R 1.07 (0.67, 1.48); I 1.48 (0.74, 2.23)) after the program that diminished over six months (mean change (95% CI): R 0.45 (−0.1, 0.1); I 0.73 (−0.25, 1.7)). For each of the secondary outcomes, both groups showed similar trends for improvement (mean change scores (95% CI)) over time. GEE analysis did not show any meaningful differences between groups (R vs I) over time.

Discussion

Improvements in arthritis self-efficacy and secondary outcomes displayed similar trends for I and R participant groups.
An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of self-harm repetition and recovery in young adults
Authors: Wadman Ruth , Clarke David , Sayal Kapil , Vostanis Panos , Armstrong Marie , Harroe Caroline , Majumder Pallab , Townsend Ellen
Published: March 2016

Six young adults (aged 19–21 years) with repeat self-harm for over 5 years were interviewed about their self-harm, why they continued and what factors might help them to stop. Interpretative phenomenological analysis identified six themes: keeping self-harm private and hidden; self-harm as self-punishment; self-harm provides relief and comfort; habituation and escalation of self-harm; emotional gains and practical costs of cutting, and not believing they will stop completely. Young adults presented self-harm as an ingrained and purposeful behaviour which they could not stop, despite the costs and risks in early adulthood. Support strategies focused on coping skills, not just eradicating self-harm, are required.
Adolescent boys with an autism spectrum disorder and their experience of sexuality: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Dewinter Jeroen , Van Parys Hanna , Vermeiren Robert , van Nieuwenhuizen Chijs
Published: March 2016

This qualitative study explored how adolescent boys with autism spectrum disorder experience their sexuality. Previous research has demonstrated that sexuality is a developmental task for boys with autism spectrum disorder, as it is for their peers. Case studies have suggested a relation between autism spectrum disorder and atypical sexual development; empirical studies on this subject, however, are scant and inconsistent. This study is based on interviews with eight boys, aged 16–20 years, with Asperger’s disorder or autistic disorder. Interpretative phenomenological analysis of the data revealed three major themes relating to (a) how they experience sexual feelings, think about sexuality and think about themselves as sexual beings; (b) how they perceive messages relating to sexuality in their surroundings; and (c) how they experience finding and having a partner and partnered sex. We believe that attention to these themes is needed in assessment, education and further research.