bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Hemiplegic Migraine Led to Persistent Hyperperfusion and Cortical Necrosis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hu Yacen , Wang Zhiqin , Zhou Lin , Sun Qiying
Published: October 2021

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare subtype of migraine characterized by aura of motor weakness accompanied by visual, sensory, and/or speech symptoms. Aura symptoms usually resolve completely; permanent attack-related deficit and radiographic change were rare. Here, we reported a case presented with progressively aggravated hemiplegic migraine episodes refractory to medication. He experienced two prolonged hemiplegic migraine attacks that led to irreversible visual impairment and cortical necrosis on brain MRI. Multimodal MRI during attack showed persistent vasodilation and hyperperfusion in the affected hemisphere associated with deterioration of clinical symptoms and worsening of brain edema. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was found on the patient. PFO closure resulted in a significant reduction of HM attacks. This case indicated that prolonged hemiplegic migraine attack could result in irreversible neurological deficit with radiographic changes manifested as cortical necrosis. Persistent hyperperfusion might be an important factor contributing to prolonged attack and persistent attack-related neurological deficit. We recommend screening for PFO in patients with prolonged or intractable hemiplegic migraine, for that closure of PFO might alleviate the attacks thus preventing the patient from disabling sequelae.
Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio: A Novel Predictive Marker of Disease Severity and Prognosis in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Zhang Jinwei , Li Yanfei , Zhou Yongyan , Wang Kaixin , Pan Chunyang , Zhao Yi , Xie Haojie , Duan Ranran , Gong Zhe , Jia Yanjie
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose: To investigate the association of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) with disease severity and prognosis in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).

Methods: This retrospective study included 125 patients with NMOSD. Demographic and clinical parameters, including the MHR, were assessed. The initial Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score and relapse rate were used to evaluate disease severity and prognosis, respectively. Correlations between MHR and disease severity and relapse rate were analyzed. The predictive value of MHR for prognosis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results: Compared with the low MHR group, the initial EDSS score (median 4.5 vs. 5.5%, P = 0.025) and relapse rate (51.61 vs. 30.16%, P = 0.015) were significantly higher in the high MHR group. MHR was positively correlated with the initial EDSS score (r = 0.306, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that MHR was significantly associated with severity (odds ratio = 7.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–57.82, P = 0.041), and it was a significant predictor of disease prognosis (hazard ratio = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.02–9.53, P = 0.046). The median relapse interval of the high MHR group was 24.40 months. When the MHR was higher than 0.565, the risk of relapse was high [sensitivity, 33.3%; specificity, 91.9%; area under the ROC curve, 0.642 (95% CI = 0.54–0.74, P = 0.007)].

Conclusion: MHR is a novel predictive marker of disease severity and prognosis in patients with NMOSD. Early monitoring and reduction of MHR may allow earlier intervention and improved prognosis.
Long Non-Coding RNA: A Potential Strategy for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Fang Yi , Sun Lingyu , He Ruonan , He Beihui , Zhang Shuo
Published: October 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC), being one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, endangers human health. Because the pathological mechanism of CRC is not fully understood, there are many challenges in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently drawn great attention for their potential roles in the different stages of CRC formation, invasion, and progression, including regulation of molecular signaling pathways, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, tumor metabolism, immunological responses, cell cycle, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review aims to discuss the potential mechanisms of several oncogenic lncRNAs, as well as several suppressor lncRNAs, in CRC occurrence and development to aid in the discovery of new methods for CRC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment.
Tumor Microenvironment–Responsive Polypeptide Nanogels for Controlled Antitumor Drug Delivery
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Chen Linjiao , Shi Qingyang , Zhao Qing , Ma Hongshuang
Published: October 2021

Tumor microenvironment–responsive polypeptide nanogels belong to a biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility, easily adjustable performance, biodegradability, and non-toxic properties. They are developed for selective delivery of antitumor drugs into target organs to promote tumor cell uptake, which has become an effective measure of tumor treatment. Endogenous (such as reduction, reactive oxygen species, pH, and enzyme) and exogenous (such as light and temperature) responsive nanogels can release drugs in response to tumor tissues or cells to improve drug distribution and reduce drug side effects. This article systematically introduces the research progress in tumor microenvironment–responsive polypeptide nanogels to deliver antitumor drugs and provides a reference for the development of antitumor nanoformulations.
Memristive Computation-Oriented Chaos and Dynamics Control
Authors: Ma Xu , Li Chunbiao , Wang Ran , Jiang Yicheng , Lei Tengfei
Published: October 2021

A variable boostable chaotic system and the Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model are applied for observing the dynamics revised by memristive computation. Nonlinearity hidden in a memristor makes a dynamic system prone to be chaos. Inherent dynamics in a dynamic system can be preserved in specific circumstances. Specifically, as an example, offset boosting in the original system is inherited in the derived memristive system, where the average value of the system variable is rescaled linearly by the offset booster. Additional feedback from memristive computation raises chaos, as a case, in the Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model the spiking behavior of membrane potential exhibits chaos with a relatively large parameter region of the memristor.
A Systematic Review of Negative Work Behavior: Toward an Integrated Definition
Authors: Verschuren Cokkie M. , Tims Maria , de Lange Annet H.
Published: October 2021

The objective of this systematic review was to identify the overlapping and unique aspects of the operationalizations of negative work behaviors (NWBs) to specify a new integrative definition of NWB. More specifically, we examined (1) how many operationalizations and conceptualizations of NWB can be identified, (2) whether these operationalizations can be categorized into facets, i. e., the nature of NWB, harm, actor types, and roles, with subcategories, (3) what the meaningful overlap in these operationalizations was, (4) whether the operationalizations tapped unique and meaningful elements, i.e., positive labels and dynamic processes, and (5) how the overlapping and unique elements of the operationalizations could be integrated into a new theory-based research model for NWB for future research. In the literature search based on the Prisma framework, Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, we identified k = 489 studies that met the inclusion criteria of our review. The results of these studies revealed 16 frequently studied NWB labels, e.g., bullying and aggression. Many of these could be categorized in the same way, namely, in terms of the type of behavior, type of harm, and type of actor involved in the NWB. In our new definition of NWB, we integrated the content of the overlapping and meaningful unique elements of the 16 labels.
Knowledge of Oral and Physical Manifestations of Anorexia Nervosa Among Polish Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Krukowska-Zaorska Agnieszka , Kot Katarzyna , Marek Ewa , Dura Włodzimierz , Safranow Krzysztof , Lipski Mariusz
Published: October 2021

Background: Anorexia nervosa is a psychosomatic disorder and is commonly associated with impaired oral health. Dentists can play a relevant role in the early diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. With the help of intra- and extraoral examinations and anamnesis, the dentist can detect characteristic signs and symptoms of this eating disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge regarding the oral and physical manifestations of anorexia nervosa among general dental practitioners and specialist dentists of Poland.

Material and Methods: A pretested online questionnaire consisting of a first part asking for the characteristics of the participant and a second part with 22 specific questions on their general knowledge of anorexia nervosa and knowledge of physical and oral manifestations of this eating disorder was used.

Results: A total of 369 dentists completed the questionnaire. The Polish dentists in this study reported sufficient knowledge regarding anorexia nervosa. However, younger dentists and general dental practitioners had relatively lower knowledge scores than other groups. The dentists mainly had difficulties with the oral symptoms of anorexia nervosa.

Conclusion: Despite Polish dentists having sufficient knowledge about anorexia nervosa in relation to the general symptoms of anorexia, there are deficits with regard to oral manifestations. Therefore, there is a need to increase continuing education in this field, which can improve early diagnosis of this disease by dental practitioners and referral to specialists for treatment.
The Mediating Role of Resilience and Extraversion on Psychological Distress and Loneliness Among the General Population of Tyrol, Austria Between the First and the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chernova Anna , Frajo-Apor Beatrice , Pardeller Silvia , Tutzer Franziska , Plattner Barbara , Haring Christian , Holzner Bernhard , Kemmler Georg , Marksteiner Josef , Miller Carl , Schmidt Martin , Sperner-Unterweger Barbara , Hofer Alex
Published: October 2021

Background: During the first 3 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal state of Tyrol, Austria had one of the strictest curfews in Austria and worldwide. The aim of the current study was to investigate the assumingly protective role of resilience and extraversion and its impact on mental health following such an uncertain and unpredictable situation.

Methods: Between the first and the second wave of the pandemic, adult residents of Tyrol were invited to participate in an online survey. Next to the assessment of sociodemographic and COVID-19-related variables the Brief-Symptom-Checklist, the Three-Item Loneliness Scale, the Resilience Scaled, and the Big Five Inventory were used to assess psychological distress, loneliness, resilience, and extraversion. Mediation analysis was used to investigate the role of resilience and extraversion in the context of age-, sex-, and partnership- related differences in psychological distress and loneliness.

Results: One hundred and forty-five participants took part in the survey (68.2% female). Overall, psychological distress and severe loneliness were more often detected in women and singles. They also were less resilient, while men and singles presented with a lower degree of extraversion. Study participants under the age of 30 experienced severe loneliness more frequently than older people, whereas psychological distress, resilience, and extraversion were comparable between age groups. Resilience significantly mediated the relationship between both study participants' sex and partnership situation on one hand and psychological distress and severe loneliness on the other. In addition, extraversion significantly mediated the relationship between participants' partnership situation and psychological distress.

Discussion: Our findings suggest that women, singles, and young people may be particularly affected by the measures and sequelae of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions promoting resilience and extraversion among these groups are urgently needed to foster mental health. Ideally, they can be utilized at home in case of renewed mobility restrictions or quarantine in the future.
NAD-Linked Metabolism and Intervention in Short Telomere Syndromes and Murine Models of Telomere Dysfunction
Authors: Stock Amanda J , Liu Yie
Published: October 2021

Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures that form protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. Short telomeres are a hallmark of aging and a principal defining feature of short telomere syndromes, including dyskeratosis congenita (DC). Emerging evidence suggests a crucial role for critically short telomere-induced DNA damage signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction in cellular dysfunction in DC. A prominent factor linking nuclear DNA damage and mitochondrial homeostasis is the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolite. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with DC and murine models with critically short telomeres exhibit lower NAD levels, and an imbalance in the NAD metabolome, including elevated CD38 NADase and reduced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and SIRT1 activities. CD38 inhibition and/or supplementation with NAD precursors reequilibrate imbalanced NAD metabolism and alleviate mitochondrial impairment, telomere DNA damage, telomere dysfunction-induced DNA damage signaling, and cellular growth retardation in primary fibroblasts derived from DC patients. Boosting NAD levels also ameliorate chemical-induced liver fibrosis in murine models of telomere dysfunction. These findings underscore the relevance of NAD dysregulation to telomeropathies and demonstrate how NAD interventions may prove to be effective in combating cellular and organismal defects that occur in short telomere syndromes.
Delayed-Onset PTSD and Coping Strategies of Chinese College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liao Zhenxin , Zhang Xueyan , Wang Yingwen , Wang Tingwei , Li Xinyu , Zhao Mingyi , Zhuang Quan
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and many Chinese college students both in China and abroad were house-quarantined. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and symptoms of delayed-onset post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and coping strategies among Chinese overseas and domestic college students during this pandemic. A questionnaire was opportunistically distributed to Chinese college students studying both domestically and abroad six months after the COVID-19 outbreak. The questionnaire consisted of IES-R, SCSQ, and SSRS. The average score of delayed-onset PTSD in our population was 21.411 (full mark, 88 points), which reflected a total high level of delayed-onset PTSD symptoms. Statistical differences were shown between students who have been back to universities during the pandemic or not in the hyperarousal dimension (p = 0.016). Three coping strategies were recognized to influence the respondent’s delayed-onset PTSD symptoms, and there was a significant correlation between social support and the coping strategies students chose. A moderate to high level of delayed-onset PTSD was observed among both Chinese overseas and domestic college students 6 months after the COVID-19 outbreak. The useful coping strategies and powerful social supports are significantly important to help them stay mentally healthy and alleviate delayed-onset PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
From Then to now: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Association of Southeastern Biologists
Authors: Hays Kimberly A. , Havran J. Christopher , Heard Matthew J. , Morris Ashley B. , Ovueraye Loretta
Published: October 2021

The Association of Southeastern Biologists was founded in 1937 with the goal of increasing the contact and collaboration between scientists in the southeastern United States (US). With the exception of two years during World War II and one year during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Association has met annually to promote research and education in the biological sciences by providing a student-friendly networking environment. In recent years, the Association has placed an increased focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion among elected and appointed leaders, among participants in the annual meeting, and in the development of funding and other opportunities for students. This work prompted us to review the history of our Association, including periods of racial segregation and inequity, and focus on our current efforts to promote access and inclusion by students and scientists from myriad underrepresented groups. In so doing, the past provides us with the opportunity to cast a vision for the future of the Association. In this paper, we seek to share the journey of the Association of Southeastern Biologists in this regard so that we may be transparent, exposing the missteps and amplifying the successes of our organization. We envision this work as a first step toward creating a more open and inclusive scientific community for the future.
Case Report: Simultaneous Resection of Bone Tumor and CAD/CAM Titanium Cranioplasty in Fronto-Orbital Region
Authors: Yashin Konstantin S. , Ermolaev Anton Yu. , Ostapyuk Mikhail V. , Kutlaeva Marina A. , Rasteryaeva Marina V. , Mlyavykh Sergey G. , Medyanik Igor A.
Published: October 2021

Background: Simultaneous resection of bone tumors in the fronto-naso-orbital region is a great challenge due to the need for adequate reconstruction of the facial skeleton. Pre-operative virtual planning of resection margins and the simultaneous fabrication of the cranioplasty using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology could allow combining the tumor resection and cosmetic restoration steps into a single procedure.

Methods: We present five consecutive cases of patients with bone tumors of the fronto-naso-orbital region. The indications for surgery included: (1) the presence of a major cosmetic defect; (2) progressive tumor growth. The histological examination revealed vascular malformation, hemangioma, and fibrous dysplasia in two cases. Tumor resection was performed with the help of a drilling template in form of a tumor. The computer-designed cranioplasty formed based on the non-involved side of the skull of the patient was manufactured. In one patient, the reconstruction was performed using two separate implants.

Results: The position of the implant fits in with pre-operative planning in two cases; in those cases, the additional trimming of the implant or bone defect was required. Good cosmetic outcomes were noted in all patients, and no complications occurred. No repeat surgery was necessary. The template has proved to have high application potential.

Conclusion: Simultaneous resection and CAD/CAM cranioplasty in the case of bone tumors in the fronto-orbital region is a promising technique with the aim of minimizing operation time and achieving a good esthetic outcome.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Dextrose Prolotherapy and Ozone in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Baygutalp Fatih , Çelik Mine , Öztürk Muhammet Uğur , Yayık Ahmet Murat , Ahıskalıoğlu Ali
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy, ozone therapy, and home exercise programs in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Seventy-five patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into three groups, with 25 in each group. At week 0 (baseline), week 3, and week 6, 12.5% dextrose (intraarticular and periarticular) was administered to the dextrose prolotherapy group. At week 0 (baseline), week 1, and week 2 15 μg/mL ozone (intraarticular and periarticular) was administered to the ozone therapy group. Both groups were also given a home exercise program. The third group was given a home-based exercise therapy program for 12 weeks. All groups were evaluated for VAS, WOMAC, TUG, ROM-active, and ROM-passive values at weeks 0 (baseline), 6, and 12. Ozone therapy more effectively improved VAS scores than dextrose prolotherapy and VAS and WOMAC scores than home-based exercise therapy in the 6th week. Ozone therapy also more effectively improved VAS and WOMAC-stiffness scores than dextrose prolotherapy and VAS, WOMAC, and ROM-active scores than home-based exercise therapy in the 12th week. Both dextrose prolotherapy and ozone therapy are effective in knee osteoarthritis treatment. Ozone therapy should be used in suitable cases rather than dextrose prolotherapy.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Operational Monitoring of Landfills
Authors: Filkin Timofey , Sliusar Natalia , Ritzkowski Marco , Huber-Humer Marion
Published: October 2021

This study justifies the prospect of using aerial imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for technological monitoring and operational control of municipal solid waste landfills. It presents the results of surveys (aerial imagery) of a number of Russian landfills, which were carried out using low-cost drones equipped with standard RGB cameras. In the processing of aerial photographs, both photogrammetric data processing algorithms (for constructing orthophotoplans of objects and 3D modeling) and procedures for thematic interpretation of photo images were used. Thematic interpretation was carried out based on lists of requirements for the operating landfills (the lists were compiled on the basis of current legislative acts). Thus, this article proposes framework guidelines for the complex technological monitoring of landfills using relatively simple means of remote control. It shows that compliance with most of the basic requirements for landfill operations, which are listed in both Russian and foreign regulation, can be controlled by unmanned aerial imagery. Thus, all of the main technological operations involving waste at landfills (placement, compaction, intermediate isolation) are able to be controlled remotely; as well as compliance with most of the design and planning requirements associated with the presence and serviceability of certain engineering systems and structures (collection systems for leachate and surface wastewater, etc.); and the state of the landfill body. Cases where the compliance with operating standards cannot be monitored remotely are also considered. It discusses the advantages of air imagery in comparison with space imagery (detail of images, operational efficiency), as well as in comparison with ground inspections (speed, personnel safety). It is shown that in many cases, interpreting the obtained aerial photographs for technological monitoring tasks does not require special image processing and can be performed visually. Based on the analysis of the available world experience, as well as the results of the study, it was concluded that unmanned aerial imagery has great potential for solving problems of waste landfill management.
Valuation of Pumped Storage in Capacity Expansion Planning—A South African Case Study
Authors: van Dongen Caroline , Bekker Bernard , Dalton Amaris
Published: October 2021

According to South Africa’s national energy policy, network penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE) generation will significantly increase by 2030. Increased associated network uncertainty creates the need for an additional flexible generation. As the planned VRE is mostly non-synchronous PV and wind generators, additional ancillary services will also be required. Pumped Storage (PS), which is a well-established flexible generation technology with fast ramping capability and the ability to contribute various ancillary services, could help integrate increased VRE penetration on the South African network. However, in the latest revision of South Africa’s energy policy, PS was left out in favor of gas turbines and batteries as favored flexible generation options. This paper explores the two-part hypothesis that PS was disadvantaged in the formulation of a national energy mix due to: (a) ancillary services provided by PS not being explicitly monetized in energy modeling software; (b) the uncertainties associated with project costing assumptions. The value of PS in terms of providing ancillary services is firstly explored using the international literature. Secondly, the impact of input-cost uncertainties is demonstrated by comparing pumped storage, gas turbines, and batteries using levelized cost of energy (LCOE) curves and the Tools for Energy Model Optimization and Analysis (Temoa), North Carolina State University, USA, optimization software. Based on LCOE calculations using revised cost assumptions, it is found that PS may indeed be preferential to gas turbines or batteries, particularly at large load factors. The authors hope that this research contributes to the scientific understanding of the role that PS can play in supporting the integration of generation from renewable sources for effective grid operations.
Non-Isothermal Vortex Flow in the T-Junction Pipe
Authors: Baranova Tatyana A. , Zhukova Yulia V. , Chorny Andrei D. , Skrypnik Artem , Popov Igor A.
Published: October 2021

The numerical simulation approach of heat carrier mixing regimes in the T-junction shows that the RANS approach is beneficial for a qualitative flow analysis to obtain relatively agreed averaged velocity and temperature. Moreover, traditionally, the RANS approach only predicts the averaged temperature distribution. This mathematical model did not consider the temperature fluctuation variations important for the thermal fatigue task. It should also be emphasized that unlike the LES approach, the steady RANS approach cannot express a local flow structure in intense mixing zones. Nevertheless, apparently the adopted RANS approach should be used for assessing the quality of computational meshes, boundary conditions with the purpose to take LES for further numerical simulation.
The Energy Landscape versus the Farming Landscape: The Immortal Era of Coal?
Authors: Markuszewska Iwona
Published: October 2021

This article explores the land use conflict. Coal exploitation precludes agricultural production and, as a result, mining-energy projects come across NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) opposition from the farming community. An investigation was carried out in two rural communes: Krobia and Miejska Górka in the Wielkopolska Region in Poland. The aim was to obtain an answer to the following questions: (1) if acting in the name of energy security, should we accept the state government interest and start exploitation of the lignite resource? (2) If acting in the name of landowners’ rights, should we accept the local community interest and maintain the current farming production? and (3) is it possible to reconcile the interests of the conflict beneficiaries? The following qualitative methods were used: keyword and content analysis of word data, such as scientific papers, legal documents, and parliamentary questions (PQs), while the discourse analysis was focused on the policy and procedural conflicts. In the results section, possible solutions for heading off the conflict are presented. The results contribute to an integrated understanding of conflicts over mining and farming land use.
Free-Piston Stirling Engine Technologies and Models: A Review
Authors: Perozziello Carmela , Grosu Lavinia , Vaglieco Bianca Maria
Published: October 2021

The Stirling engine is an alternative solution to produce cleaner energy in order to achieve the reduction of the fossil fuel consumption and the CO2 emissions. It comprises an external combustion engine that can convert any external heat source into mechanical power, through cyclic expansion and compression of a working gas in a closed-regenerative cycle, with or without driving mechanisms. The free-piston Stirling Engine is significantly preferred because of the absence of any mechanical linkage resulting in longer operating life, lower noise pollution, maintenance and vibration free, self-starting and high thermal efficiency. The aim of this paper is to summarize the research works on the free-piston Stirling engine technologies and models. First, the working principles of the free-piston Stirling engine are described, identifying different configurations. Then, several applications are presented. Finally, a detailed review of the models available in literature is given, pointing out the main assumptions and equations.
Energy Performance and Benchmarking for University Classrooms in Hot and Humid Climates
Authors: Litardo Jaqueline , Hidalgo-Leon Ruben , Soriano Guillermo
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the energy performance of a university campus in a tropical climate is assessed, and four mixed classroom buildings are compared using benchmarking methods based on simple normalization: the classic Energy Use Intensity (EUI), end-used based EUI, and people-based EUI. To estimate the energy consumption of the case studies, building energy simulations were carried out in EnergyPlus using custom inputs. The analysis found that buildings with more classroom spaces presented higher energy consumption for cooling and lighting than others. In comparison, buildings with a greater percentage of laboratories and offices exhibited higher energy consumption for plug loads. Nevertheless, differences were identified when using the people-based EUI since buildings with larger floor areas showed the highest values, highlighting the impact of occupant behavior on energy consumption. Given the fact that little is known about a benchmark range for university campuses and academic buildings in hot and humid climates, this paper also provides a comparison against the EUIs reported in the literature for both cases. In this sense, the identified range for campuses was 49–367 kWh/m2/year, while for academic buildings, the range was 47–628 kWh/m2/year. Overall, the findings of this study could contribute to identifying better-targeted energy efficiency strategies for the studied buildings in the future by assessing their performance under different indicators and drawing a benchmark to compare similar buildings in hot and humid climates.
Circ_0092367 Inhibits EMT and Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer via Regulating the miR-1206/ESRP1 Axis
Authors: Yu Shuo , Wang Min , Zhang Hang , Guo Xingjun , Qin Renyi
Published: October 2021

Gemcitabine is the first-line treatment for patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), yet most patients develop resistance to gemcitabine. Recent studies showed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have important regulatory roles in PC progression and chemoresistance. In this study, the ability of circRNA circ_0092367 to enhance gemcitabine efficacy was tested and the underlying molecular mechanism of circ_0092367 was investigated. The expression levels of circ_0092367, miR-1206, and ESRP1 were measured using qRT-PCR experiments. The effects of circ_0092367, miR-1206, and ESRP1 on PC cell lines exposed to gemcitabine were examined by CCK-8 assays. We performed luciferase assays to determine the relationship between circ_0092367 and miR-1206 and between miR-1206 and ESRP1. We demonstrated that circ_0092367 was significantly downregulated in PC tissues and cell lines, and a high expression of circ_0092367 was associated with improved survival in patients with PC. Gain- and loss-of-function assays revealed that circ_0092367 inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes and sensitized PC cells to gemcitabine treatment in vitro and in vivo. Cytoplasmic circ_0092367 could directly repress the levels of miR-1206 and thus upregulate the expression of ESRP1, thereby inhibiting EMT and enhancing the sensitivity of PC cells to gemcitabine treatment. Our findings show that circ_0092367 plays a crucial role in sensitizing PC cells to gemcitabine by modulating the miR-1206/ESRP1 axis, highlighting its potential as a valuable therapeutic target in PC patients.
A One-Year Longitudinal Study: Changes in Depression and Anxiety in Frontline Emergency Department Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Th’ng Francesca , Rao Kailing Adriel , Ge Lixia , Mao Desmond , Neo Hwee Nah , Molina Joseph Antonio De , Seow Eillyne
Published: October 2021

Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) fighting COVID-19 have been associated with depression and anxiety, but there is limited data to illustrate these changes over time. We aim to quantify the changes in depression and anxiety amongst Emergency Department (ED) HCWs over one year and examine the factors associated with these changes. In this longitudinal single-centre study in Singapore, all ED HCWs were prospectively recruited face-to-face. Paper-based surveys were administered in June 2020 and June 2021. Depression and anxiety were measured using DASS-21. The results of 241 HCWs who had completed both surveys were matched. There was significant improvement in anxiety amongst all HCWs (Mean: 2020: 2.85 (±3.19) vs. 2021: 2.54 (±3.11); Median: 2020: 2 (0–4) vs. 2021: 2 (0–4), p = 0.045). HCWs living with elderly and with concerns about infection risk had higher odds of anxiety; those living with young children had lower odds of anxiety. There was significant worsening depression amongst doctors (Mean: 2020: 2.71 (±4.18) vs. 2021: 3.60 (±4.50); Median: 2020: 1 (0–3) vs. 2021: 3 (0–5), p = 0.018). HCWs ≥ 41 years, living with elderly and with greater concerns about workload had higher odds of depression. HCWs who perceived better workplace support and better social connectedness had lower odds of depression. In summary, our study showed significant improvement in anxiety amongst ED HCWs and significant worsening depression amongst ED doctors over one year. Age, living with elderly, and concerns about workload and infection risk were associated with higher odds of depression and anxiety.
YouTube Doctors Confronting COVID-19: Scientific–Medical Dissemination on YouTube during the Outbreak of the Coronavirus Crisis
Authors: Buitrago Álex , Martín-García Alberto
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus crisis has highlighted the consumption of social media and online video platforms in search of an alternative discourse to that provided by traditional media. The objective of this article is to find an approach to education and scientific dissemination on COVID-19 present in the Spanish context of YouTube, focusing on the content analysis of audiovisual texts generated by creators from the medical and biomedical fields. A methodological orientation was used for this based on the Grounded Theory, which was applied to five case studies whose informative material on SARS-CoV-2 exceeded ten million views as of March 2021. The results reveal the existence of a group of medical professionals in the Spanish YouTube sphere who, since the COVID-19 outbreak, have been involved in the construction of an alternative discourse around the health crisis and its evolution that pursues a high standard of audiovisual quality, scientific rigor, and educational ability.
Development of a Computer Vision-Based Muscle Stimulation Method for Measuring Muscle Fatigue during Prolonged Low-Load Exposure
Authors: Jia Bochen , Kumbhar Abhishek Nagesh , Tong Yourui
Published: October 2021

Measuring muscle fatigue is one essential and standard method to quantify the ergonomic risks associated with prolonged low-load exposure. However, measuring muscle fatigue using EMG-based methods has shown conflicting results under low-load but sustained work conditions, e.g., prolonged sitting. Muscle stimulation technology provides an alternative way to estimate muscle fatigue development during such work conditions by monitoring the stimulation-evoked muscle responses, which, however, could be restricted by the accessibility and measurability of targeted muscles. This study proposes a computer vision-based method to overcome such potential restrictions by visually quantifying the muscle belly displacement caused by muscle stimulation. The results demonstrate the ability of the developed computer vision-based stimulation method to detect muscle fatigue from prolonged low-load tasks. Current results can be used as a foundation to develop a sensitive and reliable method to quantify the adverse effects of the daily low-load sustained condition in occupational and nonoccupational settings.
Influence of Palliative Care Training on Nurses’ Attitudes towards End-of-Life Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain
Authors: Chisbert-Alapont Encarna , García-Salvador Isidro , De La Ossa-Sendra María Jesús , García-Navarro Esperanza Begoña , De La Rica-Escuín Marisa
Published: October 2021

Aim: This study aims to assess the influence of training on nurses’ attitudes toward end-of-life care during the COVID-19 pandemic alarm state in Spain. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was carried out by means of an ad hoc questionnaire using Google Forms in April and May 2020. The score of attitudes toward end-of-life care was used, to which sociodemographic variables and training in palliative care were added. Methods: Data were collected from 238 nursing professionals who had cared for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 adult patients at the end-of-life stage in a hospital or nursing home. Results: Results showed that 51% of the nurses in the sample had training in palliative care. However, the percentage decreased to 38.5% among those who cared for COVID-19 patients and to 44.5% in those who cared for non-COVID-19 patients. In relation to attitudes about end-of-life care, more positive attitudes and a higher mean score were found in the trained group. Conclusions: Palliative care training is a key element in end-of-life care and is even more important in times of COVID-19. Impact: Although end-of-life accompaniment has been studied, few studies have included the influence of training on this during the pandemic. This study identifies key elements of accompaniment and training in a comparison of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients during the pandemic. In relation to attitudes toward end-of-life care, the results showed a more positive attitude and a higher mean score in the trained group (3.43 ± 0.37 versus 3.21 ± 0.32), the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001).
BHLHE41/DEC2 Expression Induces Autophagic Cell Death in Lung Cancer Cells and Is Associated with Favorable Prognosis for Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nagata Toshiyuki , Minami Kentaro , Yamamoto Masatatsu , Hiraki Tsubasa , Idogawa Masashi , Fujimoto Katsumi , Kageyama Shun , Tabata Kazuhiro , Kawahara Kohichi , Ueda Kazuhiro , Ikeda Ryuji , Kato Yukio , Komatsu Masaaki , Tanimoto Akihide , Furukawa Tatsuhiko , Sato Masami
Published: October 2021

Lung cancer constitutes a threat to human health. BHLHE41 plays important roles in circadian rhythm and cell differentiation as a negative regulatory transcription factor. This study investigates the role of BHLHE41 in lung cancer progression. We analyzed BHLHE41 function via in silico and immunohistochemical studies of 177 surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples and 18 early lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) cases. We also examined doxycycline (DOX)-inducible BHLHE41-expressing A549 and H2030 adenocarcinoma cells. BHLHE41 expression was higher in normal lung than in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and was associated with better prognosis for the overall survival (OS) of patients. In total, 15 of 132 LUAD tissues expressed BHLHE41 in normal lung epithelial cells. Staining was mainly observed in adenocarcinoma in situ and the lepidic growth part of invasive cancer tissue. BHLHE41 expression constituted a favorable prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.049) and cause-specific survival (p = 0.042) in patients with LUAD. During early LUSC, 7 of 18 cases expressed BHLHE41, and this expression was inversely correlated with the depth of invasion. DOX suppressed cell proliferation and increased the autophagy protein LC3, while chloroquine enhanced LC3 accumulation and suppressed cell death. In a xenograft model, DOX suppressed tumor growth. Our results indicate that BHLHE41 expression prevents early lung tumor malignant progression by inducing autophagic cell death in NSCLC.
Novel Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, Apitolisib (GDC-0980), Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Omeljaniuk Wioleta Justyna , Krętowski Rafał , Ratajczak-Wrona Wioletta , Jabłońska Ewa , Cechowska-Pasko Marzanna
Published: October 2021

Deregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling commonly exists in glioblastoma, making this axis an attractive target for therapeutic manipulation. Given that activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR promotes tumour growth, metastasis, and resistance to anticancer therapies, mTOR inhibitors show promise in the treatment of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, Apitolisib (GDC-0980), in A-172 and U-118-MG GBM tumour cell line suppression. It has been demonstrated that GDC-0980 induces time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis in investigated glioma cell lines. In our study, the strongest induction of apoptosis was exhibited in the A-172 line after 48 h of incubation with 20 µM GDC-0980, where we observed 46.47% of apoptotic cells. In conclusion, we first discovered that dual PI3K/mTOR blockade by GDC-0980 markedly suppressed survival of human GBM cells and induced apoptosis, independent of the ER stress-mediated DR5 activation. We suggest that GDC-0980, by exerting an inhibitory effect on PERK expression, may thus block its inhibitory effect on protein synthesis, leading to intensification of translation, and this may result in an increase in apoptosis. On the other hand, CHOP stimulates protein synthesis and increases apoptosis. These findings suggest that GDC-0980 may be a candidate for further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for anti-GBM therapy.
Exercise-Mediated Browning of White Adipose Tissue: Its Significance, Mechanism and Effectiveness
Authors: Mu Wang-Jing , Zhu Jie-Ying , Chen Min , Guo Liang
Published: October 2021

As a metabolic organ, adipose tissue plays an important role in regulating metabolism. In adults, most adipose tissue is white adipose tissue (WAT), and excessive expansion of WAT will lead to obesity. It is worth noting that exercise can reduce the fat mass. There is also a lot of evidence that exercise can promote the browning of WAT, which is beneficial for metabolic homeostasis. Multiple factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolites, nervous system, exerkines and lipolysis can facilitate exercise-mediated browning of WAT. In this review, the roles and the underlying mechanisms of exercise-mediated browning of WAT are summarized. The effects of different styles of exercise on the browning of WAT are also discussed, with the aim to propose better exercise strategies to enhance exercise-mediated browning of WAT, so as to promote metabolic health. Finally, the different reactivity of WAT at different anatomical sites to exercise-mediated browning is reviewed, which may provide potential suggestion for people with different fat loss needs.
The Role of Maternal Immune Activation in the Pathogenesis of Autism: A Review of the Evidence, Proposed Mechanisms and Implications for Treatment
Authors: Zawadzka Aleksandra , Cieślik Magdalena , Adamczyk Agata
Published: October 2021

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease that is characterized by a deficit in social interactions and communication, as well as repetitive and restrictive behaviors. Increasing lines of evidence suggest an important role for immune dysregulation and/or inflammation in the development of ASD. Recently, a relationship between inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported in the brain tissue of individuals with ASD. Some recent studies have also reported oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities in animal models of maternal immune activation (MIA). This review is focused on the hypothesis that MIA induces microglial activation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, a deleterious trio in the brain that can lead to neuroinflammation and neurodevelopmental pathologies in offspring. Infection during pregnancy activates the mother’s immune system to release proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and others. Furthermore, these cytokines can directly cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation, or activate resident immune cells, resulting in an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6. Proinflammatory cytokines that cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) may initiate a neuroinflammation cascade, starting with the activation of the microglia. Inflammatory processes induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that, in turn, may exacerbate oxidative stress in a self-perpetuating vicious cycle that can lead to downstream abnormalities in brain development and behavior.
Liquid Biopsy: A New Translational Diagnostic and Monitoring Tool for Musculoskeletal Tumors
Authors: Hadjimichael Argyris C. , Pergaris Alexandros , Kaspiris Angelos , Foukas Athanasios F. , Theocharis Stamatios E.
Published: October 2021

Soft tissue and bone sarcomas represent a group of aggressive neoplasms often accompanied by dismal patient prognosis, especially when distant metastases are present. Moreover, effective treatment can pose a challenge, as recurrences are frequent and almost half of patients present with advanced disease. Researchers have unveiled the molecular abnormalities implicated in sarcomas’ carcinogenesis, paving the way for novel treatment strategies based on each individual tumor’s characteristics. Therefore, the development of new techniques aiding in early disease detection and tumor molecular profiling is imperative. Liquid biopsy refers to the sampling and analysis of patients’ fluids, such as blood, to identify tumor biomarkers, through a variety of methods, including qRT-PCR, qPCR, droplet digital PCR, magnetic microbeads and digital PCR. Assessment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating free DNA (ctDNA), micro RNAs (miRs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), exosomes and exosome–associated proteins can yield a plethora of information on tumor molecular signature, histologic type and disease stage. In addition, the minimal invasiveness of the procedure renders possible its wide application in the clinical setting, and, therefore, the early detection of the presence of tumors. In this review of the literature, we gathered information on biomarkers assessed through liquid biopsy in soft tissue and bone sarcoma patients and we present the information they can yield for each individual tumor type.
Affinity Purification Coupled to Stable Isotope Dilution LC-MS/MS Analysis to Discover IgG4 Glycosylation Profiles for Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Michael X. , Su Ho-Hsuan , Shiao Ching-Ya , Chang Yu-Ting , Chang Ming-Chu , Kao Chih-Chin , Wang San-Yuan , Shih Hsi-Chang , Tsai I-Lin
Published: October 2021

Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is categorized as an IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), where a high concentration of plasma IgG4 is one of the common biomarkers among patients. IgG Fc-glycosylation has been reported to be potential biosignatures for diseases. However, human IgG3 and IgG4 Fc-glycopeptides from populations in Asia were found to be isobaric ions when using LC-MS/MS as an analytical tool. In this study, an analytical workflow that coupled affinity purification and stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS was developed to dissect IgG4 glycosylation profiles for autoimmune pancreatitis. Comparing the IgG4 and glycosylation profiles among healthy controls, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and AIP, the IgG4 glycosylations from the AIP group were found to have more digalactosylation (compared to PDAC) and less monogalactosylation (compared to HC). In addition, higher fucosylation and sialylation profiles were also discovered for the AIP group. The workflow is efficient and selective for IgG4 glycopeptides, and can be used for clinical biosignature discovery.