bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological health among institutionalized senior citizens of Ernakulam district
Authors: Xavier Mary Ancy. N. , Usha V. K.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Institutionalized senior citizens are facing a lot of psychosocial issues, of which dementia and depression are the most common ones. The present study intends to assess psychological health (cognition, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, sleep quality, and quality of life) among institutionalized senior citizens of Ernakulam district.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 236 senior citizens residing at five selected old-age homes of Ernakulam district. Sociopersonal data sheet, Montreal cognitive assessment, Geriatric Depression Scale-Long Form, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and WHOQOL-OLD scale were used to collect data from the study participants.

Results:

The average age of participants was 71.01 ± 12.01. The mean scores of cognition and quality of life among participants were 15.80 ± 5.51 and 85.05 ± 20.25, respectively. While only 2.5% of participants reported normal cognition, 40.7% of participants had depression of varying severity. The majority of participants had moderate self-esteem (65.3%). About 36.4% were reported as poor sleepers and 15.2% of participants reported poor or very poor quality of life. Participants with high cognitive scores, high self-esteem, better sleep quality, and low depressive symptoms reported better quality of life. As expected, participants with high self-esteem reported less depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:

The goal of adding quality rather than quantity to lives can be achieved by focusing on the psychological health (cognition, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and sleep quality) of institutionalized senior citizens.
Designing the Smile in Complete Denture Patient: An Ingenious Approach
Authors: Shingane Shreyas , Rupam Swati , Pandey Sakshi , Singh Sanjeev , Sharma Saumya , Lath Vivek
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

This innovative technique determines the symmetry of anterior teeth arrangement discrepancies and ascertain the extension of the smile during the procedure of jaw relation procedure performed by prosthodontist.

Methods:

Smiling images of 20 patients were captured and analyzed using PicsArt© software. Facial midline, canine line, smile line, and other conventional factors were overlaid onto the photographs. Pre-designed smiles were extracted from previous designs and superimposed onto each patient’s photograph. The resulting images were systematically evaluated to enhance aesthetic outcomes, promoting attractiveness, encouraging patient satisfaction during jaw relation.

Results:

Patients were highly motivated on the day of jaw relation appointment. Prosthodontists were able to evaluate asymmetric smile, midline shift, extension of canines, and other discrepancies.

Conclusion:

Edentulous patients deserve a superior aesthetic and beautiful smile. Prosthodontist can now will be able to design smiles more easily and in less time before the appointment of try-in. At the same time, dentist will also be able to take approval from the patient regarding the appearance of the smile.
Prevalence, Severity, and Predictors of Apical Root Resorption Following Orthodontic Treatment: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Bhardwaj Kunal , Patel Nikita , Mengi Arvind , Ingole Ranu S. , Ahuja Gaurav , Butoliya Arti , Mehta Miral
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

To investigate the prevalence, severity, and predictors of apical root resorption following orthodontic treatment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the CBCT scans of 141 orthodontic patients (76 males and 65 females). CBCT images were meticulously assessed for the presence and severity of apical root resorption using standardized grading criteria.

Results:

The prevalence of apical root resorption was 45.4%. Among those with root resorption, 35.5% exhibited grade 1 resorption, while 10.8% showed grade 2 resorption. Sex was not significantly associated with the severity of root resorption (P = 0.312); however, age had a significant effect (P < 0.05). Younger age groups were more prone to severe root resorption. Additionally, the treatment duration was significantly correlated with the severity of root resorption (P = 0.021), with longer treatment durations associated with increased resorption severity.

Conclusion:

This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence, severity, and predictors of apical root resorption following orthodontic treatment using CBCT imaging. These findings highlight the importance of considering patient demographics and treatment duration in treatment planning to mitigate the risk of root resorption and enhance treatment outcomes.
In vitro Assessment of Novel Bioactive Compounds’ Anti-Inflammatory and Wound-Healing Properties for Adjunctive Treatment of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Ulcerations
Authors: Albakri Saud Naif , Sidhu Vivek Kumar , Reddy M. Pradeep , Jo Shiana , Verma Saloni , Prasad D Anupama
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Oral mucosal lesions and ulcerations, prevalent in various dental and systemic conditions, frequently result in considerable discomfort and healing delays. This study evaluates the potential of rosiglitazone and apigenin as adjunctive treatments, focusing on their anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties.

Materials and Methods:

A standardized three-dimensional human oral mucosal model was employed to assess the efficacy of rosiglitazone and apigenin. These compounds were applied in different concentrations and compared against a control group receiving no treatment. The primary outcomes measured were the reduction of inflammation, indicated by cytokine levels (IL-1β, TNF-α) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the rate of wound healing, evaluated through scratch assays and histological analysis over seven days.

Results:

Rosiglitazone exhibited a significant decrease in cytokine levels, with IL-1β and TNF-α reduced by 40% and 35%, respectively, at 200 μg/mL compared to the control. Apigenin showed a more pronounced reduction, decreasing both cytokines by 50% at a concentration of 250 μg/mL. In terms of wound healing, rosiglitazone and apigenin enhanced closure rates by 60% and 75%, respectively, significantly outperforming the control group, which exhibited only a 25% closure. Histological assessments confirmed increased cellular proliferation and reduced inflammatory infiltration in the treatment groups.

Conclusion:

Rosiglitazone and apigenin demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects, suggesting their potential utility as effective adjunctive treatments for oral mucosal lesions and ulcerations. These results support further clinical trials to verify their therapeutic efficacy and safety in human patients.
Effectiveness of Nanoparticles in Enhancing Bond Strength in Adhesive Dentistry
Authors: Kumar Ullash , Kumar Dewanshu , Gosai Khyati N , Dalal Dhanashree , Pragnya B , Nagarajan Sayeeganesh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

New opportunities for improving material qualities and clinical results have been created by the introduction of nanotechnology in dentistry. The ability of nanoparticles to strengthen the binding between adhesives used in restorative dentistry has drawn more attention. This is because successful and long-lasting dental procedures depend on strong adhesives. The purpose of this research is to determine if silica and zirconia nanoparticles may improve the bond strength of dental adhesives.

Materials and Methods:

The adhesive treatments applied to 60 removed human molars were separated into three groups at random: ordinary adhesive, adhesive combined with silica nanoparticles, and adhesive combined with zirconia nanoparticles. For both experimental groups, the nanoparticle concentration was normalized to 5% by weight. After being stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours, the bond strength was assessed using a universal testing equipment.

Results:

There were notable variations across the groups based on the bond strength tests. The silica nanoparticle group had an improved binding strength of 30 MPa, compared to an average bond strength of 22 MPa for the traditional adhesive group. At an average of 35 MPa, the zirconia nanoparticle group showed the strongest bond. A statistical study verified that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between each of the adhesives boosted with nanoparticles and the regular glue.

Conclusion:

Dental adhesives using silica and zirconia nanoparticles considerably improve binding strength over traditional adhesives. The exceptional binding strength of zirconia nanoparticles, in particular, raises the possibility of their practical use in adhesive dentistry to lengthen the lifespan of dental restorations.
Endometriosis Associated with Periodontal Disease: Two Case Reports
Authors: Halawani Shahad Mohammed , Alokaili Salah Nasser , Ajeebi Alhassan Mohammed , Koppolu Pradeep
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Endometriosis is a nonmalignant inflammatory condition characterized by the existence of estrogen-dependent endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Endometriosis and periodontal disease influence several processes, and traditionally, the mechanisms of each illness have been considered unconnected. Both are defined by chronic inflammatory diseases linked to a compromised immune response. The concurrent alteration of immune modulator levels in individuals with endometriosis and periodontal disease led us to examine this relationship in the case reports.
Student Perceptions of Concept Mapping as a Teaching Tool in Ayurvedic Education
Authors: Parwe Shweta , Nisargandha Milind , Kuchewar Vaishali
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

A concept map is a visual representation of knowledge that illustrates the relationships and propositions among various concepts.

Aim and Objective:

This study aimed to determine the effect of teaching and assess the perceptions of Ayurvedic undergraduate students through concept mapping.

Method and Material:

In this study, 48 students were included and divided into two groups. The topic for intervention was the mechanisms of Vaman (induced vomiting). Group A was taught through a didactic lecture, while Group B was taught using concept mapping, followed by a crossover of the groups. Students were provided with a structured and revalidated feedback form, and their perceptions were assessed using a five-point Likert scale.

Results:

Analysis of the feedback form indicated that students expressed greater satisfaction with the concept mapping teaching approach, attributing it to enhanced comprehension of the subject matter.

Conclusion:

Concept mapping can be an effective teaching tool for teaching complex concepts.
Surface Precision in Orthodontics: A Comprehensive Analysis of Interproximal Reduction Methods Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Sinha Abhishek , Surendran Sneha , Rashme Rashme , Subramani Savadamoorthi Kamatchi
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Interproximal reduction (IPR) is a common orthodontic procedure aimed at creating space between teeth for proper alignment.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to comprehensively evaluate and compare the impact of three distinct IPR methods on the surface roughness of mandibular teeth using atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Methods:

A total of 128 extracted human mandibular teeth were allocated evenly into three groups: Group A (manual IPR), Group B (rotary-disc IPR), and Group C (laser-assisted IPR). Each group underwent specific IPR procedures, and the surface roughness was evaluated using AFM. The study employed rigorous randomization and precise calibration of instruments.

Results:

The findings indicate that Group A (manual IPR) exhibited the smoothest surfaces, while Group C (laser-assisted IPR) demonstrated the highest surface roughness. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). Location-specific analysis highlighted variations across different areas of the interproximal surfaces.

Conclusion:

The choice of IPR method significantly influences the surface roughness of mandibular teeth. Manual IPR appears to yield the smoothest surfaces, while laser-assisted IPR may result in increased roughness. These findings have implications for clinical decision-making in orthodontic practices.
Comparative Analysis of CBCT vs Intraoral Radiography for Interproximal Caries Detection: A Prospective Diagnostic Study
Authors: Ganesan S. , Ramachandran Kavitha , Tirupati Nagaland , Gulzar Arishah , Benedict H. Cyril , Archana P. Sai
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral radiography are important imaging modalities for detecting interproximal caries, but their comparative diagnostic accuracy is not well established.

Objective:

This prospective clinical study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT and intraoral radiography in detecting interproximal caries.

Methods:

A cohort of 248 adult dental samples with suspected or diagnosed interproximal caries underwent both CBCT and intraoral radiography using standardized protocols. Participants with contraindications for CBCT and potential confounding factors were excluded.

Results:

The mean ages of participants in the CBCT and intraoral radiography groups were 35.4 and 34.8 years, respectively, with a balanced gender distribution. High agreement percentages between radiologists and consensus resolutions were observed. CBCT demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy with sensitivity (92.5%), specificity (89.3%), positive predictive value (87.2%), negative predictive value (91.1%), and overall diagnostic accuracy (90.6%). CBCT also showed higher image clarity (82%) and diagnostic confidence (88%) compared to intraoral radiography.

Conclusion:

CBCT offers enhanced diagnostic accuracy and image quality for detecting interproximal caries compared to intraoral radiography.
La huella de los autores grecolatinos en el Quijote: guía de referencias clásicas de la obra universal de Cervantes
Authors: Andino Sánchez Antonio de Padua
Published: December 2024

Cuando los filólogos alejandrinos editaron los textos griegos antiguos, crearon un canon y, con él, el concepto de lo clásico. Ese canon ya fue inspirador de la literatura latina y estaba presente en la transmisión de los textos grecorromanos durante la Edad Media. Pero fueron los humanistas del Renacimiento los primeros en distinguir netamente entre antiguos (griegos y romanos) y modernos (medievales). Los humanistas se trasladaban al tiempo antiguo para inspirarse y comprender (y perfeccionar así) su propia época: los antiguos iluminaban a los modernos.

Esta guía es una edición actualizada del trabajo que fue elaborado, dentro del programa de Doctorado La tradición clásica en el campo de la religiosidad y el mito, presentándose una versión del mismo como tesis doctoral, bajo el título «Las fuentes grecolatinas en el Quijote».
Resolving Chieftaincy Conflicts through Intercultural Dialogue: The Case of Bawku Interethnic Peace Committee in Northern Ghana
Authors: Gariba Joshua Awienagua , Ibrahim Sulley
Published: December 2024

The local turn in peace-building has emphasised the importance of the involvement of local people in therestoration of peace after violent conflicts. This encourages conflict parties to embrace interculturadialogue to address differences typically mobilised to escalate latent grievances into large-scale violence. This article contributes to this discussion by mainlyexploring the contribution of the Bawku Interethnic Peace Committee to peaceful co-existence in Bawku, a community in north-eastern Ghana with a traumatized history of chieftaincy conflict. It is based on empirical research conducted among key parties tothe conflict and members of the committee between 2020 and 2021. The paper draws on the interculturaldialogue concept to analyse and demonstrate how the committee incorporated ethnic inclusion and cross-cultural interactions, enabling it to ensure the warring parties directly engage and address latent grievances and prevent violent escalations. The findings show the Bawku Interethnic Peace Committee has strong potential to help preserve peace in Bawku. However, it can only undertake such an exercise satisfactorily provided the state shows strong desire for sustainable peace in Bawku. The paper concludes with an outline for policy and research response, demonstrating how the state can drive the Bawku conflict parties towards an exit from violence.
Dealing with learning uncertainties during COVID19 pandemic. Reflections of alone and unaccompanied refugee children in Uganda
Authors: Okimait David
Published: December 2024

This paper explores how alone and unaccompanied refugee children in a Ugandan refugee settlement reflected and dealt with the learning uncertainties that emerged during the coronavirus pandemic in Uganda. In the emergence of COVID-19, these refugee children from South Sudan once again found themselves amidst uncertainty regarding their future, especially their education, as they found themselves out of school for nearly two years due to the pandemic. This disruption was particularly challenging for unaccompanied refugee children who relied heavily on education as a pathway to pursue their life ambitions, and also to provide themwith a sense of stability. Having experienced over five years of their childhoods as refugees in Ugandan settlements, children demonstrated their resilience mechanisms. Notable among these was the ability to be absorbed into foster family systems, and themanufacture of new relations and re-connection with learning through the Ugandan education system. With such levels of childhood resilience, refugee children revealed that once again they were able to build dreams of a greater life ahead of them, which theylearning through the Ugandan education system. levels of childhood resilience, refugee children revealed that once again they were able to build dreams of a greater life ahead of them, which they believed stretched beyond their refugee status. Further, the children revealed different ways they negotiated their learning uncertainties; while some adapted to self-learning mechanisms and anticipatedthat schools would reopen soon, others believed that skipping a class or two was a way of recovering the lost school time.
Legal Frameworks for the Sustainable Use of Outer Space for Energy Security, Equity and Prosperity for All States
Authors: Oluwajobi Yewande F. , Oduniyi Oreoluwa Omotayo , Adewole Adetutu A. , Oluwajobi Akinjide O.
Published: December 2024

The world energy crisis is real and this has been caused, among many reasons, by overpopulation, international wars and natural disasters. The energy shortfall and the demand for more energy options have raised worries among active players in the energy sector. The current trend is to explore renewable energy resources; however, the energy class from outer space has yet to be explored and offers a wide range of alternatives. It is crucial to note that abundant energy can be extracted from the sun, and solar energy has previously been employed on the terrestrial earth to address some energy restrictions. However, weather fluctuations significantly reduce the usefulness of solar power. One significant disadvantage of exploring and using renewable energy from outer space is the necessity for an appropriate legal and administrative framework to regulate energy-tapping activities. This research examines the factors militating against the effective use of energy from outer space. It sheds light on environmental and health laws and human considerations. It also examined the Space Treaties and other relevant Laws regulating the activities carried out in outer space. The research makes recommendations on how to tap into the use of renewable energy from outer space.
Promoting Renewable Energy through a Decentralised Electricity Regulatory Framework – An Analysis of Nigeria’s Electricity Act 2023
Authors: Adeyemi Adebola
Published: December 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of energy production and consumption, Nigeria stands at a pivotal crossroad as it seeks to revolutionize its electricity sector by moving from the use of non-renewable energy sources to renewable sources while improving access, cost and resilience. To promote access to electricity, the paper evaluates the Electricity Act 2023, and discusses opportunities for developing an appropriate regulatory framework that will facilitate and promote the increased integration of renewable energy (RE) into Nigeria’s energy mix. The paper employs qualitative research method by examining the former and the existing electricity law in Nigeria and explores the extent that the regulatory framework promotes the integration of RE into the energy mix. The paper investigates secondary sources by analysing the improvements to the RE framework introduced by the Electricity Act 2023 and builds on decentralization approaches that encourages the involvement of State and local entities in governance and decision-making processes. It discusses specific RE provisions in the Electricity Act 2023 such as the renewable generation obligation and ties it to the opportunities and challenges with respect to increased RE integration in Nigeria’s energy mix. The paper concludes that decentralization could help in strengthening capacity building and technical competence at the state and local level and this is critical for promoting the integration of RE in Nigeria’s energy mix thereby increasing the prospects for meeting Nigeria’s climate commitments with the attendant benefits for the energy transition.
New Models for Eradicating Unsustainable Exploitation of Extractive Resources and Its Impact on the Host Communities in Nigeria
Authors: Fayomi Oluyemi O. , Adigun Olalekan W. , Zubair Zainab Abdulwahab
Published: December 2024

This article investigates the environmental, economic, and community impacts of unsustainable resource exploitation on Nigerian host communities. The paper looked into developing techniques for addressing the hazards caused by unsustainable extractive resource exploitation, including regulatory gaps, governance challenges, existing laws, and policy possibilities. Based on a thorough literature review and desk research, the article identifies weak regulatory enforcement and compliance as major issues for host communities. The study also observes that, while legislative measures like as the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021 and the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act (NMMA) 2007 provide a legal framework for controlling extractive industries, their implementation has usually been fraught with difficulties. The paper also mentions how the Nigerian government's environmental cleanup and restoration programs, community-based natural resource management, and oil companies' corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts have all contributed to alleviating some of the negative consequences. However, such initiatives typically fail due to incomplete integration and enforcement. To address the difficulties, we offered two policy options: a citizen-centric technology system and the localization/domestication of extractive methods.
Evaluation of vulvovaginal candidiasis and susceptibility patterns of isolates among married and unmarried women of childbearing age and the associated risk factors in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Ojen E. Michael , Njok Ntui Okam , Mbah Maurice , Akpan Nseobong Godwin , Ugar Luisa Ifu
Published: December 2024

Vulvovaginitis is an infection of the vulva and vagina. Candida species are common etiologic agents of vulvovaginitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate vulvovaginal candidiasis susceptibility patterns of isolates and the associated risk factors among women of childbearing age. This study was a cross-sectional study which took place between August 2023 to February 2024. A total of 250 women aged 16-45 years were randomly recruited for the study. Subjects were recruited from gynaecology and sexually transmitted infection clinic. High vaginal swab (HVS) was obtained from all the symptomatic subjects. Samples obtained were subjected to microscopy and culture. The isolates were identified by gram staining, germ tube test and Chrom agar Candida. Isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Baur Method. The antifungal agents tested include; Nystatin, voriconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin-B and itraconazole. The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was 39.2%. The age groups 16-20 years and 36-45 years had 0.0% and 0.0% infection rate respectively. Pregnant women had a higher infection rate (6.9%) than the non-pregnant women (4.7%). There was no statistically significant association between pregnant and non-pregnant women (X²= 2.42; p=0.99). Similarly, subjects with multiple sexual partners and those who had unprotected sex had the higher rate of infection, 9(8.8%) and 8(10.5%) respectively. There was statistically significant relationship between multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex with infection rate (x²=4.58; p=0.03; and x²= 6.28; p=0.01). Candida albicans was the predominant species with the prevalence of 67(68.3%) followed by C. tropicalis 16(16.3%). The range of susceptibility of the isolates to antifungal agents was 0.0% - 87%. Isolates of C. albicans were more susceptible to Nystatin (87.0%), followed by voriconazole (70.0%). The non-albicans species showed varying susceptibility rates ranging from 0.0% - 100%. The rank of potency of the antifungal agents against Candida isolates was Nystatin, > Voriconazole, > fluconazole, > amphotericin B > itraconazole.
Effect of quercetin on reproductive oxidative stress parameters induced by butylparaben in male Wistar rats
Authors: Adegoke Adebayo Olugbenga , George-Opuda Ibitoroko Maureen , Elechi-Amadi Kemzi Nosike , Udeme Iniabasi Emmanuel
Published: December 2024

Parabens such as butylparaben and methylparaben are commonly used as preservatives in many foods, cosmetics, toiletries and pharmaceuticals while Quercetin is a pigment found in many plants, fruits, and vegetables that helps fight free radicals. This study determined the effect of quercetin on reproductive oxidative stress parameters of male Wistar rats treated with butylparaben. Thirty Wistar rats divided into 6 groups of five (5) rats were administered 100mg/kg butylparaben (BP), 100mg/kg BP and 25mg/kg quercetin (Q), 100mg/kg BP and 50mg/kg Q, 100mg/kg BP and 100mg/kg Q, 100mg/kg BP and 200mg/kg Q respectively all dissolved in corn oil while control were fed rat diet with water ad libitum mixed with corn oil. The mixtures were administered thrice a week for 60 days. The rats were sedated, and the testes harvested, homogenized and used for malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) estimation using thiobarbituric acid, Ellman's, epinephrine and Rotruck et al methods respectively. The result of the study showed that MDA (μmol MDA/mg protein) was 3.29±0.11, 5.06±0.58, 3.38±0.03, 3.44±0.03, 3.43±0.07, 3.35±0.09; GSH (units/mg protein) was 20.69±0.31, 15.63±2.39, 18.20±0.69, 18.81±0.77, 21.58±1.44, 21.31±0.66; SOD (units/mg protein) was 84.26±3.55, 54.63±9.74, 78.52±7.59, 81.48±6.76, 85.19±3.70, 83.33±7.71 and GPx (units/mg protein) was 83.16±5.41, 49.79±2.89, 68.03±4.39, 102.04±9.33, 103.21±5.74, 105.9±4.05 at body weight 0.00, 100BP, 100BP+ 25Q, 100BP + 50Q, 100BP + 100Q, 100BP + 200Q respectively. The result has shown that quercetin caused reversal of changes in oxidative stress parameter induced by butylparaben.
Effect of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) gum on fasting lipid profile on female streptozotocin induced diabetes rats
Authors: Aiki G. , Dallatu M.K. , Abubakar I.A. , Suleiman N. , Wali U. , Ngaski A.A. , Bunza J.M. , Abubakar U.
Published: December 2024

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with prolonged hyperglycemia ranking top tenth global causes of death that is linked to malfunction of pancreatic beta cell, macrovascular and microvascular complications characterized by elevated blood lipid levels (hyperlipidemia) leading to lipotoxicity and susceptibility to dyslipidemia that is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. This study assessed the effect of ethanolic extract of Azadirichta indica gum on fasting lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetes albino rats. Thirty-six female albino rats were randomly assigned into six (6) groups, Group I was a positive control. Groups II and III were streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats administered 2.0 mL each of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of the ethanolic extract of A. indica gum respectively. Groups IV was a negative control while V and VI were non-diabetic rats administered 2.0 mL each of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of the ethanolic extract of A. indica. The results showed a decrease in total cholesterol, Triglyceride and Serum LDL-cholesterol concentration (mmol/L) and an increase in HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L), that was statistical significant (p<0.05) after analysis using One Way independent ANOVA in JMP software version 11, and Dunnett's Post hoc test for comparison back to control. The outcome of this study indicates that A. indica gum possesses potential in mitigating hyperlipidemia and preventing lipotoxicity that is related to complications of diabetes. This improvement suggests its consideration in the management of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. Study can also be done on dose optimization of A. indica gum for maximum therapeutic benefit while minimizing potential side effects coupled with further clinical studies following positive outcome observed in the animal models.
A review on the trend of Medical Laboratory Scientists training in Africa
Authors: Abidemi Muhibi Musa , Foloranmi Olaniyan Mathew , Opeyemi Muhibi Mutmainah
Published: December 2024

This review examines the evolution, challenges, and future directions for strengthening Medical Laboratory Scientist training in Africa. Well-trained professionals are crucial for effective healthcare delivery. This analysis highlights the historical context, current state, and ongoing challenges in Medical Laboratory education across the continent. Medical Laboratory Scientists play a vital role in patient care by informing diagnosis, identifying infectious diseases, ensuring blood safety, and enabling public health initiatives. Training has progressed from the colonial-era on-site instruction to formal university programs and diploma courses. Recent efforts include curriculum revisions, accreditation systems, and technology integration. Current challenges include infrastructure limitations, access to laboratories and technology, faculty and workforce shortages, and graduate retention hinder training effectiveness. Emerging practices like virtual microscopy, simulation training, and international partnerships are improving training methods. Strengthening training requires infrastructural development, industry collaboration, continuous improvement cycles, technology integration, and curriculum harmonization. Transforming Medical Laboratory training requires establishing strong regulatory bodies, strategic plans, standardized curricula, practical training opportunities, and increased funding.
Validity of semi-structured questionnaire for prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus infections among women of reproductive age
Authors: WApary Ezbon , Cham Akway M. , Seriano Oromo F
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Hepatitis B is a viral disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This virus increasingly infects the population each year. The evidence focusing on the validity of a research tool in the South Sudan context is scant. This study examined the validity of the questionnaire for prevalence and risk factors of HBV infection among women of reproductive age in South Sudan. 
Method: The study adapted a quantitative cross-sectional research design. Nine panelists were selected. Twenty-nine items of two key constructs, demographic characteristics and health behaviours, were assessed and analysed using formula 1 (Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio) and formula 2 (Lawshe’s Content Validity Index) built-in Power Pivot of Microsoft Office 365. 
Results: Twenty-nine questions of the constructs surpassed the content validity ratio threshold value of 0.78. Thus, we maintained these questions in the final semi-structured questionnaire. The demographic characteristic construct’s overall content validity index (CVI) was 0.926, and the health behaviour construct was 0.928.
Conclusion: This study validated the semi-structured questionnaire for assessing the prevalence and risk factors of HBV infection among women of reproductive age in South Sudan. This tool identified the essential items in this health domain. Therefore, it should assist researchers in collecting data related to hepatitis B.
Attitudes of university students in Sudan towards digital mental health
Authors: Mustafa Sara Hassan , Mohammed Elsir Abdelmutaal , Makkawi Salma Taha , Mohammed Yassin Youssif
Published: December 2024

Introduction: University students are particularly vulnerable to mental health illnesses. Access to mental health services in Sudan is limited. Digital mental health presents a promising approach that young people widely accept. The study aimed to assess the attitude of university students in Sudan toward digital mental health. 
Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among university students in Khartoum using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Data were collected between June 19 and July 30, 2022. 
Results: Four hundred and thirty-two responses to the questionnaire were received, with a mean age of 20.37 years. Overall, 95.1% of respondents were willing to search online for mental health information, and 71.1% were willing to try a mental health teleconsultation. The perceived barriers to digital mental health included a preference for traditional consultations (35.6%) and a lack of trust in online providers (18.8%). 
Conclusion: Digital mental health has the potential to play a significant role in increasing access to mental health care for university students in Sudan.
From affection to infection: Understanding the risks of kissing infants: A review
Authors: Lazim Husam Hussein
Published: December 2024

Although it’s a typical and loving gesture, kissing newborns carries a considerable danger because it could spread infections. Due to immature immune systems and incomplete vaccination histories, newborns are especially susceptible to respiratory viruses like influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), bacterial pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Group A Streptococcus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Despite the risks, many parents and other caretakers are ignorant of them and frequently permit intimate contact with guests who might be unintentionally carriers of infectious pathogens. This overview looks at the several infections that can spread by kissing, the possible effects on a newborn’s health, and the precautions experts advise taking to reduce the dangers.
Nutritional Composition of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis (Velvet bean) Seeds Grown in Nanyumbu District, Tanzania
Authors: Boniface Florence , Nnungu Stephen I. , Washa Washa B.
Published: December 2024

In tropical countries, Mucuna seeds have been utilized to promote better health and ensure a stable food supply. The use of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis seeds in Tanzania has prompted an evaluation of the nutritional composition of two common cultivars grown in the Nanyumbu district. Mucuna seed samples (black-reddish brown and black-greyish) were collected and analyzed for their nutritional content using standard extraction and spectrophotometric techniques. Data analysis was conducted using GraphPad InStat 3.0 software, with a t-test employed to compare means at a 95% confidence level. The results indicated that the differences in nutritional parameters between the black-reddish brown and black-greyish Mucuna seeds were not significant (P > 0.05), except for crude lipid and carbohydrate content. The protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, vitamin C, beta carotene, lycopene, and energy content ranged from 48.13% to 46.50%, 2.13% to 1.39%, 26.75% to 23.12%, 15.99% to 14.51%, 3.23% to 3.21%, 0.98 to 0.84 mg/g, 0.011 to 0.004 mg/100 mg, 0.006 to 0.0058 mg/100 mg, and 1303.7 to 1243.1 kJ/100 g, respectively. Both cultivars of Mucuna seeds exhibit dietary qualities that can be explored as alternative food sources for the malnourished population in the country.
Exploring Dependence of Rapid Thermal Annealed Ag/ITO Bilayer Films Properties on the Systematic Ag Layer Thickness Increment for Bifacial CZTS Solar Cell Application
Authors: Ollotu Emmanuel R , Nyarige Justine , Samiji Margaret E , Mlyuka Nuru R , Diale Mmantsae
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the impact of Ag layer thickness on the properties of rapid thermal annealed Ag/ITO bilayer films, aimed at addressing conductivity loss in ITO substrates used as a back contact for optoelectronic applications, such as bifacial CZTS solar cells. Ag layers of varying thickness (10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, and 40 nm) were sputter-deposited onto a commercially acquired ITO-coated glass substrate and rapidly thermally annealed. The samples’ characterization was performed using AFM, XRD, four-point probe, Hall Effect measurements, and UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometry. Results indicated that thinner Ag layers exhibited relatively stable surfaces with uniformly distributed grains, smaller roughness, and higher electrical conductivity due to increased carrier mobility and concentration. The XRD analysis showed a preferential delafossite AgInO₂ structure for thinner Ag layers. Optical measurements revealed that the sample with thinner Ag layers had lower solar transmittance and bandgap narrowing, while thicker layers showed bandgap broadening. The samples had bandgaps within reported ITO bandgaps (3.38 to 4.15 eV). Ag/ITO films with thinner layers achieved a high average transmittance of 76%, lower sheet resistance of  and enhanced micro-strain and crystallite size properties. These results suggest that thinner Ag/ITO bilayer films hold potential for use in optoelectronic applications, particularly as back contacts in bifacial CZTS solar cells.
The right tool for the job: matching active learning techniques to learning objectives
Authors: Jacobson Sarah A. , Zhang Luyao , Zhu Jiasheng
Published: December 2024

Active learning comprises techniques that engage students in the construction of understanding. Different techniques may work best for different learning objectives. We study students’ perceptions of some active learning techniques (including a Python simulation and a game) and traditional techniques (such as lecture). Students engage actively with them all, though more with those influential in course grades and with some active learning techniques. They particularly enjoy most active learning techniques. All techniques are rated as effective for each learning objective, but to varying extents. Traditional techniques like exams are rated highest for remembering concepts (associated with lower order cognitive skills). In contrast, some active learning techniques are rated highest for objectives related to higher order cognitive skills, including learning to conduct research, though lectures performed surprisingly well for these objectives. Other technique-objective matches are intuitive. Our results imply that a mix of techniques may be optimal in course design.
Sujet du désir/ sujet du féminisme. Notes sur la division du sujet de #MeToo
Authors: Berger Anne E.
Published: December 2024

#MeToo hails the comeback of the decried “subject of feminism”: if not women as unified subjects, at least women subjects united across class, race, and even sexual orientation dividing lines, through the common experience of sexual violence at the hands of men. It warns us, then, it seems, against taking too quick a break from feminism. The outcry, and its repeated occasions, sound like a vindication of Catharine Mackinnon’s understanding of sexuality as a universal apparatus of male domination. Yet, a closer look at some of the scenes leading up to the drama that now goes by this name, complicates the matter at stake. Domination and seduction may overlap where sexuality is concerned, causing the subject of desire and the “subject of feminism” to split, but they needn’t coincide. A new theory – and practice – of seduction may be called for in order to bridge the gap between the two “subjects”.
Qu’est-ce que l’art ? Prostitution
Authors: Brassard Léonore
Published: December 2024

Both in social discourse and in the work of many artists, an association has been repeatedly made between Literature (mainly through its publication) and prostitution. This article aims to explore this commonplace. Starting with Charles Baudelaire’s famous line from Fusée: “What is Art? Prostitution”, it unfolds this paradigmatical association through numerous literary and philosophical texts. The article then attempts to displace the meaning of the association from the cliché that links the artist to the “idea” of a prostitute, to the relationship between the reader and the text. In this manner, the article links Literature and prostitution together to question the ideal of the contractual.
Od darowizny i sprzedaży po zastaw i sprzedaż z prawem odkupu. Tytuły prawne dzierżenia wójtostw w królewskich miastach w Małopolsce (połowa XIV–połowa XVI w.)
Authors: Mikuła Maciej
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to trace the evolution of the legal titles under which aldermanships were possessed in royal towns in the period from the mid-14th to the mid-16th centuries. As the analysis of royal documents shows, interest in increasing control over the turnover of aldermanships can be noted as early as the reign of the first two Jagiellonian kings. This is confirmed by the increased frequency of the clause of obligatory royal consent in alienation. However, control of turnover was only the first step in a deeper evolution to move away from divided ownership to pledge and sale with a right of repurchase. These latter legal titles provided the monarch with greater freedom in the trading of aldermanships, thereby enabling him to use aldermanic property to reward merit and for broader personal political purposes.
Słownictwo politycznych tożsamości w aktach sejmików koronnych z lat 1572–1691
Authors: Rutkowski Szymon
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on vocabulary related to political identity of the Polish Crown’s nobility in sejmik acts. These sources often mention identities related to particular territories, the larger whole (the Commonwealth, ojczyzna – “fatherland”, korona – “the Crown”) and one’s legal estate, while religious and ethnic identities are fairly rarely referenced. The linguistic changes are presented through consecutive 40-year divisions of the time frame under study. In the period until 1611 the word korona, as well as terms related to abstract political ideals, appear more often compared to subsequent decades. With time, references to local identities increasingly dominate mentions of the larger ones. The period 1612–1651 is a time of increased attention to the ojczyzna and signs of civic mobilization. The period after 1651 confirms the domination of the word rzeczpospolita over ojczyzna and korona, as well as a focus on bureaucratic functions and military survival of the polity. Word collocations serve as evidence to criticize anachronistic understanding of terms related to country identity in modern times (kraj, państwo, naród – “nation”, which contrary to popular depictions of the period signifies person’s descent more than any sovereign whole). The study shows the array of identity-related terms of the Commonwealth as a system of interrelated concepts, coalescing around the vision of political gathering of palatinates (at the sejm) and the citizens-brethren.
Georreferenciación y visualización de itinerarios con Recogito y Visone
Authors: Calarco Gabriel , Riande Gimena del Río
Published: December 2024

En este tutorial aprenderás sobre tecnologías de anotación, georreferenciación y visualización de datos en un flujo de trabajo con dos softwares gratuitos que se han venido desarrollando al interior de la comunidad global de humanistas digitales, Recogito y Visone. No exploraremos todas las posibilidades de estas herramientas, sino que apenas usaremos las que nos permitirán visualizar un itinerario sobre un mapa.
importância da mística para o diálogo inter-religioso
Authors: Ronsi Francilaide Queiroz , Machado Ferreira Marcelino Paulo
Published: December 2024

Para uma sociedade ricamente plural em experiências religiosas, na qual nos encontramos, é evidente que a construção de um ambiente harmonioso entre as religiões, os religiosos e os não crentes seja uma exigência para manter a boa convivência. Na busca por promover o diálogo entre as religiões, o documento Diálogo e Anúncio, do Pontifício Conselho para o Diálogo Inter-religioso, apresenta quatro formas que apontam para esse fim. Nesse artigo, a partir de uma das formas apresentadas pelo documento Diálogo e Anúncio, “o diálogo da experiência religiosa”, abordaremos a mística como um fecundo lugar para o encontro entre as religiões; e, depois de uma aproximação de seu conceito, de apontar a mística como um impulso para o diálogo, encontraremos no testemunho de vida de Simone Weil uma experiência que rompe fronteiras e abre um fecundo caminho para o diálogo inter-religioso.
Actitudes del estudiantado hacia la Perspectiva de género en la Benemérita y Centenaria Escuela Normal de Jalisco
Authors: Zepeda Acero Diego Samuel , Nájera Cedillo Martha Cecilia , Abarca Navarro Víctor Alejandro
Published: December 2024

Este capítulo presenta un análisis realizado a través de un grupo focal sobre las actitudes hacia la perspectiva de género en un grupo de estudiantes de una escuela Normal pública que han completado un trayecto formativo denominado “Género y Educación” compuesto por cuatro cursos en formato virtual. Se examina en primer lugar la importancia del papel del docente en la transformación de los entornos educativos para promover la igualdad de género y erradicar toda forma de violencia. Luego, se detalla la estructura general del trayecto, incluyendo los aspectos clave de cada curso y la metodología utilizada, para posteriormente ahondar en la conceptualización de las actitudes, considerándolas como fenómenos complejos e identificando sus componentes esenciales: cognición, afecto y conducta. En el grupo focal, se exploran específicamente los motivos de elección del trayecto formativo, las expectativas de formación, la experiencia previa en educación básica en relación con el género, las áreas de mejora de la formación, así como las opiniones sobre cada curso. Finalmente, se analiza el impacto personal y profesional de la participación en este proceso formativo. Este enfoque permitió identificar pautas para la mejora del servicio educativo, así como los avances y desafíos relacionados con la Perspectiva de Género en la escuela Normal.