bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetically Engineered Resveratrol‐Enriched Rice Inhibits Neuroinflammation in Lipopolysaccharide‐Activated BV2 Microglia Via Downregulating Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase‐Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Pathway
Authors: Subedi Lalita , Baek So-Hyeon , Kim Sun Yeou
Published: December 2018

Resveratrol, a natural stilbenoid, is produced by several plants, especially grape vines. Its strong potency against obesity, metabolic disorders, vascular disease, inflammation, and various cancers has already been reported. Large amounts of wine or grapes need to be consumed to obtain the amount of resveratrol required for biological activity. Pure resveratrol at concentrations as low as 10 μM induces cytotoxicity to normal cells. To overcome these limitations, we prepared genetically modified resveratrol‐enriched rice (RR). We previously reported the strong antiaging potential of RR against ultraviolet B/reactive oxygen species‐induced toxicity in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). As aging is characterized by neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, we further evaluated the role of RR against LPS‐induced neuroinflammation. RR inhibited nitric oxide production and the expression of inflammatory proteins such as iNOS and COX‐2. RR significantly modulated mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling, activator protein AP‐1 signaling, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) mediated transcription of inflammatory proteins via inhibition of NF‐κB translocation, IkB phosphorylation, and proinflammatory cytokine productions such as interleukin IL‐6, IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). These findings show that the strong antineuroinflammatory effects of RR can be beneficial for aging‐mediated neurodegenerative conditions as well as disorders of the central nervous system caused by neuroinflammation.
Retinal and Preretinal Hemorrhages in a Patient Receiving Hyper-CVAD Chemotherapy for T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Peddada Krishi , Weiss Stephanie J. , Kumar Shaina , Malik Deepika
Published: December 2018

Hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and dexamethasone (Hyper-CVAD) is an important chemotherapeutic regimen for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. We present a case of a 23-year-old male with T-cell ALL and visual acuity of 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye who developed significant changes in his vision after starting Hyper-CVAD therapy. The patient initially presented with cotton wool spots in the fundus shortly after starting the regimen. After going through the induction phase of chemotherapy, he had a sudden decline in his vision to light perception in the left eye. Posterior segment exam revealed retinal ischemia and multilayered hemorrhages in both eyes as well as a large preretinal hemorrhage obscuring the fovea in the left eye. Labs associated the appearance of these hemorrhages with a significant decrease in hemoglobin and a platelet count of 5 K/μL. A Nd:YAG laser applied in the left eye at the posterior hyaloid face allowed blood to drain into the vitreous cavity and brought the patient’s visual acuity back to baseline. Hyper-CVAD is an aggressive chemotherapy regimen that can cause severe thrombocytopenia secondary to myelosuppression. Frequent retinal evaluations and timely intervention is advisable in these cases as extensive intraretinal hemorrhages may cause irreversible damage.
Lactic Acid Accumulation in the Tumor Microenvironment Suppresses 18F-FDG Uptake
Authors: Türkcan Silvan , Kiru Louise , Naczynski Dominik J. , Sasportas Laura S. , Pratx Guillem
Published: December 2018

The process by which tumor cells take up 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is heterogeneous and influenced by a multitude of factors. In mouse tumor grafts, the core of the tumor often presents lower FDG uptake than the periphery. Whether this pattern is caused by the intrinsic avidity of individual cells for FDG, the density of viable cells in the tumor, or the perfusion of the radiotracer remains unknown. In this study, we used radioluminescence microscopy to measure FDG uptake in single cells isolated from the core and periphery of the tumor and found that differences in FDG uptake persist on the level of single cells. Single cells from the core of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 tumors grafts took up 26% to 84% less FDG than those from the periphery. These differences were observed in mice with large tumors (>8 mm diameter) but not in those with smaller tumors. To explain the origin of these differences, we examined the influence of three microenvironmental factors on FDG uptake. Hypoxia was ruled out as a possible explanation because its presence in the core would increase and not decrease FDG uptake. Higher cell proliferation in the periphery was consistent with higher FDG uptake, but there was no evidence of a causal relationship. Finally, lactate was higher in the core of the tumor, and it suppressed FDG uptake in a dose-dependent fashion. We therefore conclude that lactic acidosis—the combination of lactate ion buildup and acidic pH—can increase the heterogeneity of FDG uptake in MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 tumor grafts.

Significance:

Analysis of single cells from heterogeneous tumors reveals the role played by the tumor microenvironment, lactic acidosis in particular, on the uptake by tumor cells of 18F-FDG, a PET imaging agent.
Mosaic Y Loss Is Moderately Associated with Solid Tumor Risk
Authors: Loftfield Erikka , Zhou Weiyin , Yeager Meredith , Chanock Stephen J. , Freedman Neal D. , Machiela Mitchell J.
Published: December 2018

Mosaic loss of the Y chromosome (mLOY) in peripheral leukocytes is a somatic event in which a fraction of leukocytes have lost the entire Y chromosome. The frequency of mLOY increases with age and may reflect poor genomic maintenance as well as clonal imbalances in normal immune function, making mLOY an attractive candidate marker for cancer risk. Here, we investigated the relationship between mLOY and incident cancer in a large sample of 207,603 cancer-free men from the UK Biobank, in which 13,895 men developed an incident solid tumor during follow-up. We identified mLOY by scanning for deviations in genotyping array log R intensity ratios across the male-specific chromosome Y region. Overall, we detected low proportions of cells with mLOY in 3,358 (1.6%) men and high proportions of mLOY in 524 (0.3%) men. We found an association of mLOY with overall solid tumor incidence using both low and high mLOY thresholds [HRlow = 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI)low, 1.07–1.30; Plow = 0.001; HRhigh = 1.36; 95% CIhigh, 1.09–1.71; Phigh = 0.007] and more specifically we observed an association with lung cancer (HRhigh = 2.25; 95% CIhigh, 1.36–3.71; Phigh = 0.002). Stronger associations were observed without adjustment for smoking, suggesting that smoking is an important confounder of tumor incidence. It is unlikely that mLOY is a major mediator of the effect of cigarette smoking on cancer risk, as mLOY was observed in only a small fraction of smokers who developed cancer. In summary, mLOY was modestly associated with incidence of solid tumors in the UK Biobank, although for some cancer subtypes these findings may reflect residual confounding by smoking.

Significance:

Evidence from the UK Biobank indicates mosaic chromosome Y loss in leukocytes is moderately associated with increased incidence of select solid tumors.
Glutamate Supply and Metabolism in Infants
Authors: Koletzko Berthold
Published: December 2018

Glutamate (Glu) is the most abundant amino acid (AA) in human milk. Available information on Glu supply and metabolism was reviewed, based on an electronic literature search. In 22 cross-sectional global studies with 4,747 women, free Glu increases with lactation duration and contributes to about 38% of total and 63% of dispensable milk AA. Based on these data, a typical breastfed infant obtains a mean free Glu intake of 35.7 mg/kg body weight (bw; upper end of the normal range 134.6 mg/kg), while precisely collected longitudinal data indicate mean intakes of 40 mg/kg and upper range intakes of 70.2 mg/kg. Mean intakes with cows’ milk formula at median concentrations are 0.7 mg/kg (upper range 1.0 mg/kg) and with extensive protein hydrolysate formula 171.7 mg/kg bw (upper range 249.8 mg/kg bw), with no indication of untoward effects. Infants almost entirely utilize dietary Glu in splanchnic organs, with no appreciable effect on plasma Glu concentrations. Estimated free Glu intakes in breastfed infants are up to 4.5-fold higher than the acceptable daily intake (ADI) set by the European Food Safety Authority for the total population including infants, and the respective intakes of infants fed a formula based on an extensive protein hydrolysate are up to 8.3-fold higher. There is no reason to assume that feeding human milk or an extensive protein hydrolysate infant formula would be unsuitable or unsafe for infants. Setting an ADI below the range of the normal intake with a safe diet in generally healthy individuals, that is, below 250 mg/kg per day, seems inappropriate.
Monosodium Glutamate in the Diet Does Not Raise Brain Glutamate Concentrations or Disrupt Brain Functions
Authors: Fernstrom John D.
Published: December 2018

The non-essential amino acid glutamate participates in numerous metabolic pathways in the body. It also performs important physiologic functions, which include a sensory role as one of the basic tastes (as monosodium glutamate [MSG]), and a role in neuronal function as the dominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Its pleasant taste (as MSG) has led to its inclusion as a flavoring agent in foods for centuries. Glutamate’s neurotransmitter role was discovered only in the last 60 years. Its inclusion in foods has necessitated its safety evaluation, which has raised concerns about its transfer into the blood ultimately increasing brain glutamate levels, thereby causing functional disruptions because it is a neurotransmitter. This concern, originally raised almost 50 years ago, has led to an extensive series of scientific studies to examine this issue, conducted primarily in rodents, non-human primates, and humans. The key findings have been that (a) the ingestion of MSG in the diet does not produce appreciable increases in glutamate concentrations in blood, except when given experimentally in amounts vastly in excess of normal intake levels; and (b) the blood-brain barrier effectively restricts the passage of glutamate from the blood into the brain, such that brain glutamate levels only rise when blood glutamate concentrations are raised experimentally via non-physiologic means. These and related discoveries explain why the ingestion of MSG in the diet does not lead to an increase in brain glutamate concentrations, and thus does not produce functional disruptions in brain. This article briefly summarizes key experimental findings that evaluate whether MSG in the diet poses a threat to brain function.
ГИСТЕРОСКОПИЯ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ГИПЕРПРОЛИФЕРАТИВНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ЭНДОМЕТРИЯ
Authors: Kornatskaya A. G. , Vovk I. B. , Gorban N. E. , Raksha I. I.
Published: December 2018

Цель исследования – уточнить некоторые технические особенности использования гистероскопического метода в клинической практике, провести анализ результатов гистероскопии с последующим патогистологическим заключением для изучения клинической картины многообразия гиперпролиферативной патологии.

Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на базе отделения планирования семьи и оперативной реабилитации репродуктивной функции женщин ГУ «Институт педиатрии, акушерства и гинекологии имени академика Е. М. Лукьяновой НАМН Украины». Были проанализированы истории болезней 1177 пациенток репродуктивного возраста с наличием верифицированного диагноза «Полип тела матки». Обследуемые женщины находились в репродуктивном возрасте – от 20 до 49 лет, и в среднем он был равен (36,1±2,54) года.

Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. При патогистологическом исследовании структуры гиперпролиферативной патологии эндометрия у данных пациенток выявлены следующие показатели. Изолированная гиперпролиферативная патология эндометрия – полип был верифицирован у 289 (24,55 %) женщин. У 321 (27,27 %) больной полип эндометрия сочетался с гиперпролиферативным заболеванием матки – с лейомиомой матки, при этом в половине случаев – у 162 (50,47 %) пациенток лейомиома имела субмукозную локализацию и была удалена во время проведения хирургической манипуляции. Сочетание полипа тела матки с аденомиозом отмечено у 255 (21,67 %) больных. У 181 (15,38 %) пациентки с полипом тела матки диагностировано сочетание лейомиомы матки с аденомиозом. Указанные выше данные безоговорочно свидетельствуют о том, что при верификации полипа тела матки следует крайне внимательно отнестись к вопросу обследования состояния миометрия у таких больных с целью обнаружения возможных начальных патологических изменений, что имеет решающее значение для выбора дальнейшей тактики ведения такого случая и обуславливает необходимость индивидуализированного подхода.

Выводы. 1. Являясь «золотым стандартом», гистероскопическая полипэктомия «See-and-Treat» имеет высокий уровень как клинической, так и экономической выгоды у пациенток гинекологического профиля, в том числе и с нарушенной репродуктивной функцией.

Изотоническая жидкостная среда при проведении гистероскопии является приоритетным выбором, не вызывая гипонатриемии, хотя имеется широкий арсенал разрешенных к использованию сред, о котором необходимо знать.

Гистероскопия имеет высокий уровень диагностической точности для ряда гиперпролиферативных процессов эндометрия, включающих и полип тела матки.

Сочетанная гиперпролиферативная патология матки составляет 67,4 % среди пациенток с полипами тела матки, что указывает на необходимость тщательного обследования таких пациенток с целью выбора тактики лечения и индивидуального подхода.
СПІВПРАЦЯ ПАЦІЄНТСЬКИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ ТА ЛІКАРСЬКИХ АСОЦІАЦІЙ У НАДАННІ ДОПОМОГИ ДІТЯМ З РІДКІСНОЮ ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ
Authors: Boyarchuk O. R. , Hlushko K. T. , Koshmanyuk M. V. , Kinash M. I.
Published: December 2018

Мета дослідження – оцінити міжнародний та вітчизняний досвід співпраці пацієнтських організацій і професійних лікарських асоціацій, показати їх вплив на організацію медичної допомоги дітям з різноманітною патологією.

Некомерційні організації, що об’єднують хворих чи їх представників, захищають права пацієнтів і підтримують власне їх самих та їх сім’ї. Часто вони є єдиним джерелом поширення інформації про захворювання, особливо якщо це стосується дітей з рідкісною орфанною патологією. Некомерційні батьківські організації – важливий елемент підтримки сімей, в яких діти потребують особливого догляду та лікування. Саме особистий досвід переживання захворювання допомагає іншим людям опанувати себе та ситуацію, що виникла. Часто лише наявність такої організації є рушійною силою в проведенні досліджень щодо вивчення рідкісної патології. На сьогодні представників пацієнтських організацій запрошують на конференції різного рівня. Вони беруть участь у прийнятті важливих рішень, які направлені на покращення якості життя пацієнтів із рідкісними та хронічними захворюваннями. На прикладі пацієнтських організацій дітей і дорослих із первинними імунодефіцитами та з розщілиною хребта і гідроцефалією показано основні ланки їх роботи та співпрацю з лікарськими асоціаціями в регіоні, Україні й світі. Діяльність пацієнтських організацій також спрямована на сприяння підвищенню стандартів медичного обслуговування пацієнтів, науковому та практичному вирішенню сучасних завдань у різних галузях медицини, задоволенню медичних та організаційних потреб фахівців. Залучення представників пацієнтських організацій до організації охорони здоров’я є важливим аспектом у реформуванні системи охорони здоров’я та формуванні розвитку медичної сфери залежно від потреб пацієнта. Пошук літератури здійснювали за допомогою баз даних PubMed, GoogleScholar та CyberLeninka.
ХАРАКТЕР РАННІХ ГЕСТАЦІЙНИХ УСКЛАДНЕНЬ У ВАГІТНИХ ІЗ ХРОНІЧНИМИ ГАСТРИТАМИ
Authors: Zherebak N. М. , Gnatko O. P. , Skuriatina N. G.
Published: December 2018

Мета дослідження – визначити за даними ретроспективного аналізу характер і частоту ранніх гестаційних ускладнень вагітності в жінок із хронічними гастритами.

Матеріали та методи. Клініко-статистичний аналіз був здійснений за результатами оцінки медичної документації 200 вагітних, з яких 100 жінок (1 група) мали вказівки на наявність хронічного гастриту і 100 пацієнток (2 група) були без нього. В рамках аналізу оцінювали соціальний, гінекологічний, репродуктивний анамнез, наслідки попередніх вагітностей, перенесені захворювання, перебіг даної вагітності і результати її завершення. Статистичний аналіз результатів проводився в пакеті MedStat (2004–2017). Для кількісних ознак розраховувалося середнє значення і стандартне відхилення показника, для порівняння між групами використаний критерій Стьюдента. Для якісних ознак розраховувалася їх частота (%), порівняння частот проводилося за критерієм хі-квадрат. Для кількісної оцінки клінічного ефекту розраховувався показник відносного ризику (ВР) і його 95 % довірчий інтервал (95 % ДІ). Критичний рівень значущості прийнятий за 0,05.

Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Вік вагітних коливався від 19 до 45 років. Середній вік вагітних із хронічними гастритами склав (29,8±5,6) року, у 2 групі – (30,5±5,9) року, тобто статистично значущої різниці не було (р>0,005). В 1 групі було 30,0 % першовагітних і 70,0 % повторновагітних жінок, у 2 групі, відповідно, 44,0 % і 56,0 %. При проведенні порівняння даних гінекологічного та репродуктивного анамнезу статистично значущої різниці між групами не виявлено (p>0,05). Частота і характер екстрагенітальної патології в двох групах були порівнянні (p<0,05 за всіма патологіями). При проведенні аналізу характеру і частоти ранніх гестаційних ускладнень у вагітних двох груп виявлено статистично значимо (p=0,006) велику частоту для пацієнток 1 групи проявів раннього гестозу (блювання вагітних). Частота загрози переривання вагітності для пацієнток із хронічними гастритами була вищою (p=0,04), ВР=2,0 (95 % ДІ 1,1–3,8) порівняно з пацієнтками без них. Для вагітних 1 групи також була вищою (p<0,001) частота самовільного викидня, ВР=8,5 (95 % ДІ 3,1–23) порівняно з пацієнтками 2 групи. Статистично значимої різниці частоти завмирання вагітності не виявлено (p>0,05).

Висновок. У вагітних із хронічними гастритами достовірно вища частота ранніх гестаційних ускладнень, особливо таких форм, як блювання вагітних, загроза переривання вагітності й самовільний викидень, порівняно з вагітними, які не мають гастритів.
Mucocele eroding maxillary sinus wall as an incidental finding in Cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Chen Ricardo The , Shidomi Felipe Seizo Ioshitaqui , Munhoz Luciana , Arita Emiko Saito
Published: December 2018

Mucoceles are locally-expansive, slow-growing benign lesions that are generated from obstructed seromucous glands in the sinonasal mucosa. It has a cystic aspect and leads to sinus opacification. Patients usually present non-specific opacification and, in rare cases, enlarged mucoceles can lead to bone destruction through the compression of sinus surrounding bone walls. This report shows the case of a female patient without any clinical complaints who presented an evident opacification in her left maxillary sinus eroding the sinus wall, which was noticeable by means of panoramic radiograph, aside from maxillary sinus wall thinning and destruction, demonstrated through cone beam computed tomography examinations. The main diagnosis hypothesis was mucocele, as confirmed by the patient’s otolaryngologist. As the presence of any inflammatory disease in the maxillary sinus contraindicates sinus augmentation, the patient was referred to otorhinolaryngy treatment before implant rehabilitation.
Decreased Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Type 2
Authors: Thalgott Jérémy H. , Dos-Santos-Luis Damien , Hosman Anna E. , Martin Sabrina , Lamandé Noël , Bracquart Diane , Srun Samly , Galaris Georgios , de Boer Hetty C. , Tual-Chalot Simon , Kroon Steven , Arthur Helen M. , Cao Yihai , Snijder Repke J. , Disch Frans , Mager Johannes J. , Rabelink Ton J. , Mummery Christine L. , Raymond Karine , Lebrin Franck
Published: December 2018

Background:

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia type 2 (HHT2) is an inherited genetic disorder characterized by vascular malformations and hemorrhage. HHT2 results from
ACVRL1
haploinsufficiency, the remaining wild-type allele being unable to contribute sufficient protein to sustain endothelial cell function. Blood vessels function normally but are prone to respond to angiogenic stimuli, leading to the development of telangiectasic lesions that can bleed. How
ACVRL1
haploinsufficiency leads to pathological angiogenesis is unknown.

Methods:

We took advantage of
Acvrl1
+/−
mutant mice that exhibit HHT2 vascular lesions and focused on the neonatal retina and the airway system after
Mycoplasma pulmonis
infection, as physiological and pathological models of angiogenesis, respectively. We elucidated underlying disease mechanisms in vitro by generating
Acvrl1
+/−
mouse embryonic stem cell lines that underwent sprouting angiogenesis and performed genetic complementation experiments. Finally, HHT2 plasma samples and skin biopsies were analyzed to determine whether the mechanisms evident in mice are conserved in humans.

Results:

Acvrl1
+/−
retinas at postnatal day 7 showed excessive angiogenesis and numerous endothelial “tip cells” at the vascular front that displayed migratory defects. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1; Flt-1) levels were reduced in
Acvrl1
+/−
mice and HHT2 patients, suggesting similar mechanisms in humans. In sprouting angiogenesis, VEGFR1 is expressed in stalk cells to inhibit VEGFR2 (Flk-1, KDR) signaling and thus limit tip cell formation. Soluble VEGFR1 (sVEGFR1) is also secreted, creating a VEGF gradient that promotes orientated sprout migration.
Acvrl1
+/−
embryonic stem cell lines recapitulated the vascular anomalies in
Acvrl1
+/−
(HHT2) mice. Genetic insertion of either the membrane or soluble form of VEGFR1 into the ROSA26 locus of
Acvrl1
+/−
embryonic stem cell lines prevented the vascular anomalies, suggesting that high VEGFR2 activity in
Acvrl1
+/−
endothelial cells induces HHT2 vascular anomalies. To confirm our hypothesis,
Acvrl1
+/−
mice were infected by
Mycoplasma pulmonis
to induce sustained airway inflammation. Infected
Acvrl1
+/−
tracheas showed excessive angiogenesis with the formation of multiple telangiectases, vascular defects that were prevented by VEGFR2 blocking antibodies.

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrate a key role of VEGFR1 in HHT2 pathogenesis and provide mechanisms explaining why HHT2 blood vessels respond abnormally to angiogenic signals. This supports the case for using anti-VEGF therapy in HHT2.
Five-Year Clinical Outcome and Valve Durability After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Didier Romain , Eltchaninoff Hélène , Donzeau-Gouge Patrick , Chevreul Karine , Fajadet Jean , Leprince Pascal , Leguerrier Alain , Lièvre Michel , Prat Alain , Teiger Emmanuel , Lefevre Thierry , Tchetché Didier , Carrié Didier , Himbert Dominique , Albat Bernard , Cribier Alain , Sudre Arnaud , Blanchard Didier , Rioufol Gilles , Collet Frederic , Houel Remi , Dos Santos Pierre , Meneveau Nicolas , Ghostine Said , Manigold Thibaut , Guyon Philippe , Cuisset Thomas , Le Breton Herve , Delepine Stephane , Favereau Xavier , Souteyrand Geraud , Ohlmann Patrick , Doisy Vincent , Lognoné Thérèse , Gommeaux Antoine , Claudel Jean-Philippe , Bourlon Francois , Bertrand Bernard , Iung Bernard , Gilard Martine
Published: December 2018

Background:

The FRANCE-2 registry (French Aortic National Corevalve and Edwards) previously reported good early- and medium-term clinical and echocardiographic efficacy for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. We here report 5-year follow-up results from the registry.

Methods:

The registry includes all consecutive patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis in France. Follow-up is scheduled at 30 days, 6 months, then annually from 1 to 5 years. Clinical events were defined according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium criteria, and hemodynamic structural valve deterioration (SVD) was defined according to the consensus statement by the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions.

Results:

Between January 2010 and January 2012, 4201 patients were enrolled in 34 centers. Five-year vital status was available for 95.5% of patients; 88.1% had clinical evaluation or died. Overall, at 5 years, all-cause mortality was 60.8% (n=2478; 95% CI, 59.3% to 62.3%). The majority of cardiovascular events occurred in the first month after valve implantation, and incidence remained low thereafter, at <2% per year up to 5 years, except for heart failure. The rate of heart failure was 14.3% at 1 year, then decreased over time to <5% per year. In cumulative incidence function, the rates of severe SVD and moderate/severe SVD at 5 years were 2.5% and 13.3%, respectively. Mortality did not differ between patients with or without severe SVD (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.47–1.07;
P
=0.1). Finally, in the population of patients with severe SVD, 1 patient (1.7%) experienced a stroke, and 8 patients presented ≥1 heart failure event (13.3%).

Conclusions:

The 5-year follow-up results of the FRANCE-2 registry represent the largest long-term data set available in a high-risk population. In surviving patients, the low rate of clinical events and the low level of SVD after 1 year support the long-term efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in both types of transcatheter prosthesis featuring in the registry.
Long‐Term Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Complications in Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease): A Multicenter Study of 224 Patients
Authors: Le Joncour Alexandre , Soudet Simon , Dupont Axelle , Espitia Olivier , Koskas Fabien , Cluzel Philippe , Hatron Pierre Yves , Emmerich Joseph , Cacoub Patrice , Resche‐Rigon Matthieu , Lambert Marc , Saadoun David ,   for the French Buerger's Network
Published: December 2018

Background

Data regarding long‐term outcome of patients with thromboangiitis obliterans are lacking and most series come from India and Japan. In this study, we assess long‐term outcome and prognostic factors in a large cohort of thromboangiitis obliterans.

Methods and Results

Retrospective multicenter study of characteristics and outcomes of 224 thromboangiitis obliterans patients fulfilling Papa's criteria were analyzed. Factors associated with vascular events and amputations were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 38.5 (32–46) years, 51 (23.8%) patients were female, and 81.7% were whites. After a mean follow‐up of 5.7 years, vascular events were observed in 58.9%, amputations in 21.4%, and death in 1.4%. The 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year vascular event‐free survival and amputation‐free survival were 41% and 85%, 23% and 74%, and 19% and 66%, respectively. Ethnic group (nonwhite) (hazard ratio 2.35 [1.30–4.27]
P
=0.005) and limb infection at diagnosis (hazard ratio 3.29 [1.02–10.6]
P
=0.045) were independent factors of vascular event‐free survival. Factor associated with amputation was limb infection (hazard ratio 12.1 [3.5–42.1],
P
<0.001). Patients who stopped their tobacco consumption had lower risk of amputation (
P
=0.001) than those who continued.

Conclusions

This nationwide study shows that 34% of thromboangiitis obliterans patients will experience an amputation within 15 years from diagnosis. We identified high‐risk patients for vascular complications and amputations.
Clinical Decision Support for Peripheral Artery Disease: Answering the Call
Authors: Monteleone Peter P. , Shishehbor Mehdi H.
Published: December 2018

See Article by
Arruda-Olson et al
Apostles of Wilderness: American Indians and Thoreau's Theology of the Wild
Authors: Willsky-Ciollo Lydia
Published: December 2018

This article examines the development of Henry David Thoreau's theology of the wild through his engagement with American Indians. Thoreau believed that for peoples' souls to survive being cut off physically from wilderness, they must cultivate this wilderness within–a feat they must learn–and appropriate–from indigenous peoples.
Radical Orthodoxy: William Goodell and the Abolition of American Slavery
Authors: Gowler Steve
Published: December 2018

This essay examines the impact of New Divinity theology on the thought of abolitionist William Goodell. Over a 50-year career of ceaseless writing and speaking, he maintained that the central ideas of Samuel Hopkins and Jonathan Edwards Jr., what he called “radical orthodoxy,” comprised the moral foundation of immediate abolitionism.
First record of Opuntia rioplatense (Cactaceae) for the Brazilian Flora
Authors: KÖHLER MATIAS , FONT FABIÁN , SOUZA-CHIES TATIANA T.
Published: December 2018

The genus Opuntia Miller (1754) (Cactaceae Juss., Opuntioideae K.Schum., Opuntieae DC.) is native to the Americas, where is distributed from southern Argentina to Canada (Anderson 2001), and represents one of the largest genus of Cactaceae with ca. 150 species (see e.g., Stuppy 2002). Members of Opuntia shares a combination of peculiar morphological traits, including shrubs or trees with flattened photosynthetic stem shoots (cladodes), areoles with large smooth or retrorsely barbed spines and glochids, reduced and small caducous leaves , rotaceous diurnal flowers with inferior ovaries inner the pericarpels and stigma plurilobed, stamens with thigmonasty, reticulate semitectate pollen, and seeds covered by a sclerified funicular aril (Buxbaum 1953, Anderson 2001, Stuppy 2002, Hunt 2006, Majure & Puente 2014, Majure et al. 2017).
Annotated checklist and illustrated key to braconid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of economically important fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Brazil
Authors: MARINHO CLÁUDIA F. , COSTA VALMIR A. , ZUCCHI ROBERTO A.
Published: December 2018

The braconid parasitoids of fruit-infesting flies have been more intensively studied from the middle to late 1990s, when taxonomic research was restarted in Brazil. At the same time, efforts toward the biological control of fruit flies intensified, and an exotic species, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, was introduced. In the decade 2010, another exotic species, Fopius arisanus, was introduced, and two new species of Doryctobracon were described.  Currently, 12 species of braconids from the subfamilies Alysiinae (two species) and Opiinae (10 species) are associated with fruit flies of economic importance in Brazil, two of which are introduced species. More than half of the species belong to the genus Doryctobracon, with D. areolatus (Szépligeti) the most widely distributed species in Brazil.
Asian Americans: Eurogamy by Asian Women
Authors: Mishra Neha
Published: December 2018

In the diverse American population, racial prejudice still remains a disturbing actuality. With the ever-increasing rate of Asians in the United States having better jobs, better income, and better education, Asian American women have never been at a better bargaining point to move their social standing in the society at a higher rank and aspire toward true assimilation. Intermarriage via selective desired traits that can help the Asian American woman trump their racial limitations, hence disadvantages. Okamoto’s theoretical perspective to develop a boundary approach to the conventional winnowing hypothesis, intermarriage becomes an indicator of integration. Hall’s eurogamy premise posits that most important of such desirable traits of prospective men being Euro-American can help Asian women blur the racial differences, hence bring them to the mainstream. This study suggests that in United States, there exists still substantial homogamy and in the absence of homogamy there is a similar pattern of exogamy, or more specifically eurogamy among Asian American women depicting and showing a clear tendency to marry up. It suggested that eurogamy is likely to continue as a means to marry up. Thus, there will be a continuation of said increase as the population of younger, better educated, independent Asian American women expands, hence resulting in the perfect marital assimilation.
Biracial American Colorism: Passing for White
Authors: Harris Keshia L.
Published: December 2018

Biracial Americans constitute a larger portion of the U.S. population than is often acknowledged. According to the U.S. Census, 8.4 million people or 2.6% of the population identified with two or more racial origins in 2016. Arguably, these numbers are misleading considering extensive occurrences of interracial pairings between Whites and minority racial groups throughout U.S. history. Many theorists posit that the hypodescent principle of colorism, colloquially known as “the one drop rule,” has influenced American racial socialization in such a way that numerous individuals primarily identify with one racial group despite having parents from two different racial backgrounds. While much of social science literature examines the racial identification processes of biracial Americans who identify with their minority heritage, this article focuses on contextual factors such as family income, neighborhood, religion, and gender that influence the decision for otherwise African/Asian/Latino/Native Americans to identify as White.
Is Olfactory Epithelium Biopsy Useful for Confirming Alzheimer’s Disease?
Authors: Godoy Maria Dantas Costa Lima , Fornazieri Marco Aurélio , Doty Richard L. , Pinna Fábio de Rezende , Farfel José Marcelo , Santos Glaucia Bento dos , Molina Mariana , Ferretti-Rebustini Renata E. L. , Leite Renata E. P. , Suemoto Claudia K. , Grinberg Lea T. , Pasqualucci Carlos A. G. , Voegels Richard Louis , Nitrini Ricardo , Jacob Filho Wilson
Published: December 2018

Objectives:

The clinical symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are preceded by a long asymptomatic period associated with “silent” deposition of aberrant paired helical filament (PHF)-tau and amyloid-beta proteins in brain tissue. Similar depositions have been reported within the olfactory epithelium (OE), a tissue that can be biopsied in vivo. The degree to which such biopsies are useful in identifying AD is controversial. This postmortem study had 3 main goals: first, to quantify the relative densities of AD-related proteins in 3 regions of the olfactory neuroepithelium, namely, the nasal septum, middle turbinate, and superior turbinate; second, to establish whether such densities are correlated among these epithelial regions as well as with semi-quantitative ratings of general brain cortex pathology; and third, to evaluate correlations between the protein densities and measures of antemortem cognitive function.

Methods:

Postmortem blocks of olfactory mucosa were obtained from 12 AD cadavers and 24 controls and subjected to amyloid-beta and PHF-tau immunohistochemistry.

Results:

We observed marked heterogeneity in the presence of the biomarkers of tau and amyloid-beta among the targeted olfactory epithelial regions. No significant difference was observed between the cadavers with AD and the controls regarding the concentration of these proteins in any of these epithelial regions. Only one correlation significant was evident, namely, that between the tau protein densities of the middle and the upper turbinate ( r = .58, P = .002).

Conclusion:

AD-related biomarker heterogeneity, which has not been previously demonstrated, makes comparisons across studies difficult and throws into question the usefulness of OE amyloid-beta and PHF-tau biopsies in detecting AD.
Posterior Maxillary Sinus Wall: A Landmark for Identifying the Sphenoid Sinus Ostium
Authors: Dedhia Raj D. , Hsieh Tsung-yen , Rubalcava Yecenia , Lee Paul , Shen Peter , Steele Toby O. , Strong E. Bradley
Published: December 2018

Importance:

Safe entry into sphenoid sinus is critical in endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery. A number of surgical landmarks have been used to identify the sphenoid sinus ostium during endoscopic endonasal surgery with variable reliability and intraoperative feasibility.

Objective:

To determine if the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus is a reliable landmark to determine the depth of the sphenoid sinus ostium during anterior to posterior dissection.

Design, Setting, and Participants:

Prospective study of adult patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery between August 2016 and September 2017. Measurements were made intraoperatively between the depth of the posterior maxillary sinus wall and sphenoid sinus ostium.

Main Outcomes and Measures:

The primary measurement is the distance between the depth of the posterior maxillary sinus wall and sphenoid sinus ostium. Additional data points included age, gender, surgical indication, and primary versus revision endoscopic sinus surgery.

Results:

Forty-five patients (38% male, 62% female) with an average age of 56 were enrolled, resulting in 88 operated sides. The average distance between the depth of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus and the sphenoid ostium was 1.5 mm ± 1.4 mm. The most common position of the sphenoid sinus ostium was posterior to the level of the posterior maxillary sinus wall (54%), followed by same level (23%) and anterior (23%). There was no significant difference between different disease states ( P = .75) and between primary and revision cases ( P = .13).

Conclusions and Relevance:

The posterior wall of the maxillary sinus serves as an adjunctive intraoperative landmark to determine the depth of the sphenoid sinus ostium. While the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus approximates the depth of the sphenoid sinus ostium, the relative position is variable and can be anterior or posterior.
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder
Authors: Andrews Gavin , Bell Caroline , Boyce Philip , Gale Christopher , Lampe Lisa , Marwat Omar , Rapee Ronald , Wilkins Gregory
Published: December 2018

Objective:

To provide practical clinical guidance for the treatment of adults with panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder in Australia and New Zealand.

Method:

Relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials were identified by searching PsycINFO, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases. Additional relevant studies were identified from reference lists of identified articles, grey literature and literature known to the working group. Evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations were formulated by synthesising the evidence from efficacy studies, considering effectiveness in routine practice, accessibility and availability of treatment options in Australia and New Zealand, fidelity, acceptability to patients, safety and costs. The draft guidelines were reviewed by expert and clinical advisors, key stakeholders, professional bodies, and specialist groups with interest and expertise in anxiety disorders.

Results:

The guidelines recommend a pragmatic approach beginning with psychoeducation and advice on lifestyle factors, followed by initial treatment selected in collaboration with the patient from evidence-based options, taking into account symptom severity, patient preference, accessibility and cost. Recommended initial treatment options for all three anxiety disorders are cognitive–behavioural therapy (face-to-face or delivered by computer, tablet or smartphone application), pharmacotherapy (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor together with advice about graded exposure to anxiety triggers), or the combination of cognitive–behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy.

Conclusion:

The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder provide up-to-date guidance and advice on the management of these disorders for use by health professionals in Australia and New Zealand.
Circular Business Model Transformation: A Roadmap for Incumbent Firms
Authors: Frishammar Johan , Parida Vinit
Published: December 2018

To achieve positive economic, environmental, and social benefits, many incumbent manufacturing firms attempt to apply circular economy principles to their business practices. However, these firms often struggle to change their existing linear business models to circular models because the steps required for successful transformation are still poorly understood. Based on a multiple case study of eight business model transformation journeys, this article proposes a roadmap for circular business model transformation. It provides a step-by-step process to enable circular transition, allowing companies to meet environmental, social, and financial objectives and proactively address sustainability.
The concept of ‘the everyday’: Ephemeral politics and the abundance of life
Authors: Guillaume Xavier , Huysmans Jef
Published: December 2018

Against the background of a continuing interest in the everyday in international relations, this article asks what kind of analytics upon and within the world mobilises one through the concept of the everyday and what consequences this may have for thinking about politics. In particular, it explores a conception of the the everyday that foregrounds the abundance of human life and ephemeral temporalities. The abundance of life invites a densification of politics combined with an emphasis on displacing levels or scales by associative horizontal relations. The ephemeral introduces a conception of temporality that foregrounds the political significance of fleeting practices and the emergent nature of life. When applied to politics, this conception of the everyday performs politics as emergent, as possibilities that are not already defined by fixing what politics can possibly be. The order of politics is then understood as an immanently precarious succession of situations and practices in which lived political lives remain inherently aleatory, momentary and emergent rather than as an order of mastering the political. The concept of the everyday, thus draws attention to the immanent elusiveness and fragility of politics as it loses its ground, its referent.
Toward an Indigenous, Decolonizing School Leadership: A Literature Review
Authors: Khalifa Muhammad A. , Khalil Deena , Marsh Tyson E. J. , Halloran Clare
Published: December 2018

Background: The colonial origins of schooling and the implications these origins have on leadership is missing from educational leadership literature. Indeed little has been published on decolonizing and indigenous ways of leading schools. Purpose: In this article, we synthesize the literature on indigenous, decolonizing education leadership values and practices across national and international spaces that have been informed to various degrees by colonial models of schooling. Methodology: Through a review of the research and keywords including colonialism, educational leadership, indigenous communities, and decolonization, we identify two overarching themes. Findings: First, we found that the literature revealed a critique of the way in which Westernized Eurocentric schooling serves as a tool of imperialism, colonization, and control in the education of Indigenous peoples. Second, we discovered that the literature provided unique, but overlapping worldviews that situate the values and approaches enacted by Indigenous leaders throughout the globe. Within this second theme, we identify five strands of an Indigenous, Decolonizing School Leadership (IDSL) framework that can contribute to the development and reflection of school leadership scholars and practitioners. Specifically, we found that the five consistent and identifiable strands across IDSL include prioritizing Indigenous ancestral knowledge, enacting self-reflection and self-determination, connecting with and empowering the community, altruism, and spirituality as expressed through servant leadership, and inclusive communication practices. Conclusion: Based on the identified worldviews and values, we conclude by offering insights on the structure and policy of post-colonial schooling, as well as implications for the theory, research and practice needed to reclaim the co-opted contributions of Indigenous leaders in ways that decenter Western colonial approaches to leadership.
Problematizing the authentic self in conceptualizations of emotional dissonance
Authors: O’Brien Elaine , Linehan Carol
Published: December 2018

With exhortations to be ‘your authentic self’ proliferating in workplaces what does this mean for emotion and identity management at work? This article explores the relationship between emotional labour and identity. It focuses on the tension or ‘emotional dissonance’ that can be experienced when a job role requires the display of organizationally appropriate emotions. Experiences of emotional dissonance are examined through in-depth interviews and diary study with human resource professionals. We tease out the contradictions participants are immersed in, the affective sensemaking they engage in about such contradictions and demonstrate the individual’s capacity for multiple selves to address contextual demands. From this, a new conceptual lens on emotional dissonance is proposed. Conventional conceptualizations view dissonance as a clash between ‘real’ and ‘false’ emotion predicated on an authentic self that is transmuted in organizational settings. Our theoretical contribution is to argue that emotional dissonance arises from the struggle to construct a situationally salient self in the face of conflicting emotions and loyalties to competing selves and values. The struggle in emotional labour is not with ‘the truth of oneself’ but rather with identifying which self to foreground in a given situation.
Cost-effectiveness of a free drug program for schizophrenia in Beijing, China
Authors: Yan Fang , Yang Yang , Huang Qingzhi , Chen Yun , Jia Peiqi , Chen Wendong , Ma Xin
Published: December 2018

Background:

Beijing municipal government launched a Free Drug Program (FDP) in 2013 to reduce the financial burden of schizophrenia patients.

Objectives:

To assess the cost-effectiveness of a FDP designed for schizophrenia patients in Beijing, China.

Methods:

In all, 2007 schizophrenia patients enrolled in an FDP (FDP group) and 2001 schizophrenia patients who were not enrolled (non-FDP group) were randomly selected for a cross-sectional survey in August 2015. The study sought to develop a cost-effectiveness model to assess the FDP from the societal perspective in Beijing, China. Scenario analyses explored the potential strategies to further improve the cost-effectiveness of the FDP.

Results:

The FDP group was associated with lower socioeconomic status and more advanced disease than the non-FDP group (unemployment rate: 48.8% vs 37.3%, p < .001; disability rate: 91.2% vs 64.1%, p < .001; overall comorbidity rate: 34.9% vs 28.8%, p < .001). The two groups exhibited similar disease severity and quality of life. However, the FDP group was associated with significantly lower direct medical costs (coefficient –.342, p = .003) and indirect costs (coefficient –.473, p < .001) than the non-FDP group. The base case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per gained quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for the FDP group relative to the non-FDP group was 1.480 times of 2015 China’s gross domestic product per capita. Home drug delivery and long-lasting injection treatment could reduce the ICER for the FDP group relative to the non-FDP group by 57.8% and 29.8%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The FDP was attractive to schizophrenia patients with lower socioeconomic status and more advanced disease. The cost-effectiveness of the FDP was acceptable and could be further improved by home drug delivery and long-lasting injection treatment.