bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cariprazine Augmentation in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression:
Data from a Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Teobaldi Elena , Pessina Enrico , Martini Azzurra , Cattaneo Carlo Ignazio , De Berardis Domenico , Martiadis Vassilis , Maina Giuseppe , Rosso Gianluca
Published: January 2024

Background:

Treatment-resistant bipolar depression is one of the leading problems in psychiatry
with serious consequences on patients functioning, quality of life and resource utilization.
Despite this, there is a lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria and treatment algorithms.

Objective:

The objective of the present study is to assess the acute effectiveness and tolerability of
cariprazine in the management of treatment resistant bipolar depression.

Methods:

This is a four weeks retrospective multicentric observational study on patients with treatment
resistant bipolar depression receiving cariprazine in augmentation to the current treatment.
Cariprazine dosage changed during the follow-up period according to clinical judgment. Since data
followed a non-normal distribution, non-parametric tests were used to pursue the analysis. The effectiveness
of cariprazine was assessed through the mean change in Hamilton Depression rating scale
(HAM-D) scores from baseline to endpoint. For missing values, a “Last Observation Carried Forward”
approach was applied

Results:

Fifty-one patients were enrolled. Four patients (7.8%) discontinued cariprazine mainly due to
adverse events. Mean cariprazine dose was 1.7 mg/day. The mean HAM-D score decreased significantly
from baseline (T0) to week 4 (T4) at each evaluation point. Fourty-five one percent of the patients
benefited of cariprazine add-on strategy: 23.5% achieved a clinical response and 21.6% were
remitters. Among the completers, 70.6% experienced at least one adverse event. All side effects were
mild to moderate.

Conclusion:

Cariprazine seems to be an effective and well tolerated option in the management of
patients with treatment resistant bipolar depression.
Effects of Salt Stress on the Growth and Nodulation of the Chickpea, Cicer Arietinum
Authors: Alqarni Abdullah Salim Mohammad
Published: January 2024

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most significant legume crop and good source of protein. The biggest obstacle currently facing agriculture is salt stress which damage soil fertility and constantly shifting abiotic stressors result in low chickpea yields. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to identify and characterize the Rhizobium isolates and its effect on salt (NaCl) stress. Total 281 isolates were isolated from rhizospheric soil samples fromTaif agriculture filed of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All isolates were showing same phenotypically shape size and morphology on YEMA. Only 7.47 % (21) of isolates were showing the biochemical characterization of Rhizobium. Only 10 (47.61%) of the 21 isolates exhibited nodulation in the chickpea under controlled condition. After the symbiosis establishment at 25 days the data clearly indicate that the dry weight of plant was increase at 50 and 75mM NaCl stress at four successive harvesting stages while at 100 mM decreases the accumulation of dry mass at the rate of 16.21%, 26.15%,10.97% and 13.04% in first, second, third and fourth harvesting stage respectively. With the salinity the root to shoot ratio increased at 0, 50 and 75mM at first, second and third harvesting. But decrease at 100mM NaCl at every harvesting stage. Nodule dry weight remains decrease under the salt stress conditions. Few isolates of Rhizobium exhibited good growth at high temperature and high pH. More research is needed to understand the Rhizobium isolates under abiotic stress conditions including salt stress to raise the better nitrogen fixers in the form of biofertilizer in harsh environment.
Characterization and Chemical Management of Cumin Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Charan Neekita D.
Published: January 2024

Cumin is the current leading currency earning crop in India, as per Agriwatch production estimate, Jeera production for 2021-22 marketing period is estimated at 391,291 MT, generating 8,600 crore rupees. Despite its importance, cumin is threatened by a serious, destructive disease called Cumin Wilt, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The disease’s impact has reduced income at both the household and national levels. The current study was carried out to look into chemical control strategies for the disease. The research was carried out from November to March (Rabi season) in Ravipura Kampa, Gujarat, India. Field observation of infected cumin wilt was followed by laboratory isolation, characterization of the causative agent, and assessment of the effects of various fungicides. In chemical management different fungicides were used. In laboratory tests, F. oxysporum, which is characterized by whitish mycelia growth and chlamydospores, was found to be the causative agent of the cumin wilting symptoms. There are two types of conidia: macro conidia and micro conidia. After 120 days of application, the tested chemical fungicides showed significant effects on the suppression of Fusarium wilt disease, thus enhancing cumin recovery. All the fungicides showed varying effects against F. oxysporum. This resulted in a complete stoppage of mycelial growth, followed by 5% EC formulation of Hexaconazole 2800 ppm, 50% WP CAPTAN3500ppm, Azoxystrobin 1600ppm, Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% w/w SC 1000 ppm, Epoxyconazole + Flyxapyroxald 3500 ppm, Isopropanol azole 4000 ppm, Mancozeb 5000 ppm, Pyarclostrobin 13.3%+ Epoxyconazole 5% EC 4000 ppm, and Tebuconazole 25.9% EC 2000 ppm reduced severity and accelerated recovery. These findings support the administration of these chemicals in the appropriate concentrations for timely disease management in the affected areas. Studies are being conducted to determine the effects of the chemicals used in order to improve and continue applications to combat the disease.
Isolation of Alkaline Protease from Fruit Waste and its Application as Detergent
Authors: T Indhumathi
Published: January 2024

The modernization of the society has made our environment face a series of changes. One among them is the enzymatic method produced by microorganisms from any waste. Considering the fruit waste globally several industrial uses have been fulfilled by the fruit waste. The most abundant enzyme now a days is protease from papaya waste isolated from Bacillus spp. Alkaline protease has been choosen for the detergent industries widely since it has pH range over 7.5. It performs more effectively in decomposing proteins. Since, it is stable over wide temperature and pH range. The aim of the study was to isolate alkaline protease enzyme from fruit waste and its applications as detergent against three different stains such as blood stain, banana stain and tea stain. Papaya fruit waste was used to extract protease enzyme to create a useful detergent for stain removal. The enzyme’s activity was tested at different pH and temperature, and the best results were obtained from three samples. The study suggests that alkaline protease enzyme from papaya waste is effective in removing protein stains and could help manage solid waste while being produced at lower temperature.
Using AI Text-to-Image Generation to Create Novel Illustrations for Medical Education: Current Limitations as Illustrated by Hypothyroidism and Horner Syndrome
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Burr Pierce , Young Tim Michael
Published: January 2024

Our research letter investigates the potential, as well as the current limitations, of widely available text-to-image tools in generating images for medical education. We focused on illustrations of important physical signs in the face (for which confidentiality issues in conventional patient photograph use may be a particular concern) that medics should know about, and we used facial images of hypothyroidism and Horner syndrome as examples.
Disability-adjusted life years for colorectal cancer in China, 2017-2030: a prevalence-based analysis focusing on the impact of screening coverage and application of local weights (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Yu Jie , Li Yan Jie , Wang Xin , Zhou Xin Yi , Yan Xin Xin , Wang Hong , Zhu Juan , Chen WanQing , Shi Ju Fang
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Most studies evaluated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on a set of generic disability weights (DWs), while this study aimed to apply local CRC-stage-specific DWs to estimate CRC-DALYs value in Chinese populations and considered the influence of local screening coverage of CRC.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to estimate CRC-DALYs in 2017 and predict CRC-DALYs in 2030 by local DWs of the clinical stage(I-IV) from the Chinese study, and also took into account the influence of changes of local screening coverage of CRC.

METHODS

A prevalence-based model was constructed using data from various sources. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were mainly estimated using cumulative prevalence data (based on CRC incidence rates, population number, and survival rates), stage-specific proportions of CRC, and DWs of the local population. Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated by the CRC mortality rates and standard life expectancies. Annual percent change (APC) from Joinpoint analyses was obtained to estimate CRC prevalence and mortality rates to 2030, and then to predict the DALYs for 2020, 2025, and 2030. Main assumptions were made for CRC screening coverage. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess the impact of population, DWs, and screening coverage on the results.

RESULTS

In Chinese populations in 2017, the estimated CRC-DALYs value was 4,303.3 thousand (11.8% for YLDs). If the CRC screening coverage in China (2.3%) remains unchanged, the overall DALYs in 2030 are predicted to increase by 37.2% (45.1% occurred to those aged 65+ years). More optimistically, the DALYs would then decrease by 0.7% in 2030 (from 5,902.5 thousand to 5,860.2 thousand) if the coverage rate can be increased to 25.0%. Sensitivity analysis showed that using local DWs would change the base-case values by ~5.7%.

CONCLUSIONS

Estimated CRC-DALYs in China using population-specific DWs were considerably lower (with a higher percentage of YLDs) than the GBD estimates (5,865.0 thousand, of 4.6% for YLDs), suggesting the impact of applying local parameters. Sustainable scale-up CRC screening needs to be in place to moderate the growth trend of CRC-DALYs in China.
A Scoping Review of Passive Behavioral Sensing for Studying Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults (Preprint)
Authors: Jain Felipe Ananda , Banerjee Sreya , Gutierrez-Ramirez Paulina , Ramirez Gomez Liliana A. , Pedrelli Paola , Origlio Julianne , Onnela Jukka-Pekka
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Smartphones and wearable devices are highly accessible technologies that hold promise for tracking treatable psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety. However, most studies of these devices focus on young and middle-aged adults. The global proportion of older adults aged sixty and above is growing rapidly and will reach more than 20% of the population by 2050, but older adults are significantly underrepresented in studies of passive digital sensing technologies. As mobile application therapies may increasingly use passive sensing to help guide therapeutic approaches, this research gap threatens equitable access to care.

OBJECTIVE

In this scoping review, we summarize the state of the evidence for using smartphone and wearable sensors to identify mental states in the older adult population. In particular, we aim to identify approaches for monitoring, sensing and predicting depressive and anxious symptoms in older adults using smartphone or wearable data, and to outline opportunities and challenges in this area of research.

METHODS

Comprehensive searches for studies that associated passive sensor data from smartphones and wearables with depressive or anxiety symptoms in older adults were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase database(s) from 2015, until August 2023. Articles were screened at the title and abstract level and at full text review by two reviewers. Studies that did not utilize passive sensing data, did not study older adult populations, or lacked quantitative measurement of depressive or anxiety symptoms, were excluded from the review. Both reviewers extracted data and conducted a descriptive analysis to map the available evidence. Any disagreements were resolved by consensus.

RESULTS

1245 articles were screened at the title and abstract level, of which 133 were also assessed at full text for eligibility. Out of the 133 articles filtered for full-text review, 41 studies were selected for inclusion in the final analysis. Among these, 36 studies used wearables sensors and only 4 studies employed smartphones for passive sensing. A substantial number of articles indicated an association between sedentary behavior, sleep duration and physical activity level, all measured from smartphone sensors or wearable devices, with severity of depressive or anxious symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

The present review provides an overview of the literature on the use of wearables and smartphones for studying depressive and anxiety symptoms in older adults and discusses the potential for new technologies to aid in the process. Limitations of the extant data include small sample sizes and under-representation of ethnic and racial minoritized groups. Further research on the role of passive sensor data for identifying and tracking depressive and anxious symptoms in older adults with larger samples is needed.
Public Maternal Health Dashboards in the United States: Descriptive Assessment (Preprint)
Authors: Callaghan-Koru Jennifer A , Newman Chargois Paige , Tiwari Tanvangi , Brown Clare C , Greenfield William , Koru Güneş
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Data dashboards have become more widely used for the public communication of health-related data, including in maternal health.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the content and features of existing publicly available maternal health dashboards in the United States.

METHODS

Through systematic searches, we identified 80 publicly available, interactive dashboards presenting US maternal health data. We abstracted and descriptively analyzed the technical features and content of identified dashboards across four areas: (1) scope and origins, (2) technical capabilities, (3) data sources and indicators, and (4) disaggregation capabilities. Where present, we abstracted and qualitatively analyzed dashboard text describing the purpose and intended audience.

RESULTS

Most reviewed dashboards reported state-level data (58/80, 72%) and were hosted on a state health department website (48/80, 60%). Most dashboards reported data from only 1 (33/80, 41%) or 2 (23/80, 29%) data sources. Key indicators, such as the maternal mortality rate (10/80, 12%) and severe maternal morbidity rate (12/80, 15%), were absent from most dashboards. Included dashboards used a range of data visualizations, and most allowed some disaggregation by time (65/80, 81%), geography (65/80, 81%), and race or ethnicity (55/80, 69%). Among dashboards that identified their audience (30/80, 38%), legislators or policy makers and public health agencies or organizations were the most common audiences.

CONCLUSIONS

While maternal health dashboards have proliferated, their designs and features are not standard. This assessment of maternal health dashboards in the United States found substantial variation among dashboards, including inconsistent data sources, health indicators, and disaggregation capabilities. Opportunities to strengthen dashboards include integrating a greater number of data sources, increasing disaggregation capabilities, and considering end-user needs in dashboard design.
Enhancing the innovation ecosystem: overcoming challenges to introducing information-driven technologies in healthcare (Preprint)
Authors: Reed Julie , Svedberg Petra , Nygren Jens
Published: January 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Amid increasing healthcare demands and resource limitations, improving healthcare systems has become critical. Information-driven technologies, such as data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI), present an opportunity to inform and enhance healthcare delivery at various levels. However, there is a gap between the potential of these technologies and their implementation in routine practice. Bridging this gap requires coordinated action among diverse ecosystem stakeholders, including healthcare organizations, industry, academia, and regulatory bodies.
This viewpoint describes the importance of understanding the wider innovation ecosystem to increase the chances of successful introduction of new information-driven technologies in healthcare. We draw on ecosystem thinking and insights on intervening in complex systems that highlight key challenges and suggest areas of research and practice that need to be addressed in order to enhance innovative ecosystem’s ability to introduce new technologies and achieve improvements in care.
Adopting a structured approach to make the innovation ecosystem explicit can emphasise how the efficiency and effectiveness of innovation ecosystems in healthcare can be enhanced grounded in co-investigation and co-creation. Establishing a collaborative environment is deemed essential for fostering a shared understanding and collectively addressing systemic challenges. We not only identify challenges but proposes a roadmap for stakeholders to navigate the complex landscape of healthcare innovation seamlessly integrating information-driven technologies into routine healthcare practice.
Evaluation of the efficacy of Ru-Yi-Jin-Huang-Saan on Colles’ fracture after surgery:
protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Lin Lien-Cheng , Wang Wei-Hsun , Chang Wei-Kai , Gao Jyun-Liang , Yang Ru-Chang , Hsu Po-Chi , Lo Lun-Chien
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Colles’ fracture, a common wrist injury, often requires surgical intervention. Post-surgery, patients may experience persistent pain and reduced wrist function, potentially resulting in long-term disability. In clinical practice, Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners frequently employ Ru-Yi-Jin-Huang-Saan (RYJHS) to treat such patients in Taiwan. RYJHS is a traditional Chinese herbal formula with a history spanning centuries, primarily utilized topically for the treatment of bone fractures and promotion of healing. However, there is currently a lack of substantial clinical evidence supporting its efficacy in the management of post-surgical Colles’ fractures. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating the clinical effectiveness of RYJHS.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of RYJHS in post-surgical Colles’ fracture cases. An additional objective is to provide an alternative treatment option for post-operative patients unable to take anti-inflammatory and pain relief medications.

METHODS

This is a protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred post-operative Colles’ fracture patients, aged between 20 and 80, will be recruited for this study. They will be randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group in a 1:1 allocation ratio. Both groups will receive standard post-operative Colles’ fracture treatment. The primary outcome measure will assess wrist functional recovery using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score. Secondary outcomes will include C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and ultrasound measurements of wrist swelling. All of these examinations will be assessed at baseline, 3 days later, and 6 days later after surgery. Additionally, the Dyshidrotic Eczema Area and Severity Index (DASI) will be used to monitor for adverse skin reactions.

RESULTS

The protocol was registered at Clinical Trials.gov on December 6, 2022. It was performed in accordance with the approved guidelines and regulations of the participating institutions. Recruitment began in May 2023. Data collection is expected to conclude in May 2025. Study completion is expected in December 2025.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first protocol discussing the assessment of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of topical traditional Chinese medicine in post-fracture surgical patients. The protocol will establish an integrated care model that combines both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine for post-fracture cases.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05638360
The Construction of Career Education in Senior High School under the Field Perspective
Authors: Ling Hairong , Cui Ruotong , Cui Junting , Wu Jing , Song Chunze
Published: January 2024

In the deep-seated transformation of senior high school education catalysed by the reform of the college entrance examination, the function of career education in senior high school has garnered attention. This paper examines career education in senior high school through the lens of Bourdieu's theory of the field. It is not only significant for theoretical reconstruction but also for re-understanding of methodology. It highlights the necessity of viewing the propelling role of capital and power, particularly cultural capital, from a relational perspective within its structural context. In addition, the process is examined in terms of the significance of the distinct habits that shaped its construction and practical logic. The career field in senior high school emphasize ‘value leadership’ and ‘personal growth’, moulding field habits through the interplay of relationships within the field and interactions with other fields, such as the ‘college field’ and the ‘workplace field’. This interaction contributes to the development of field behaviours and stimulates the psychological field's growth and transformation. It aids actors in generating their patterns of practice, thereby attaining the dual objectives of intellectual and social construction and development.
Research on the Improvement Path of Mixed Teaching Effect of Investment Banking based on System Dynamics
Authors: Hu Fang , Wang Leixin , Jiang Zidong , Hu Min
Published: January 2024

Taking “Investment Banking”, one of the core courses of college finance majors, as an example, this paper explores the way to improve the mixed teaching effect. By constructing a system dynamic model of the mixed teaching effect of Investment Banking, this paper finds that teaching organization and management ability have the greatest impact on the mixed teaching effect, and students’ perceived ease of use for mixed teaching has the greatest impact on the mixed teaching effect. The degree of accuracy of background teaching data monitoring of online learning platform, the degree of frontier of platform resources and the degree of richness of platform learning resources have significant and similar influence on the mixed teaching effect. From the three aspects of teachers’ teaching organization and management ability, students’ perceived ease of mixed teaching, and the quality of online learning platform, the mixed teaching effect of Investment Banking course can be effectively improved. Based on this, suggestions are put forward to provide references for promoting the construction of first-class undergraduate courses for finance majors.
Австралийский вектор монгольской миграции: основные параметры и тенденции
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation), Aktamov Innokentii G. , Vinokurova Anna V. , Orolmaa Munkhbat ,   Banzarov Buryat State University (24A, Smolin St., 670000 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation),   Far Eastern Federal University (10, Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation),   National University of Mongolia (1, Ikh Surguuli St., 14201 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
Published: January 2024

Goals. The article aims to characterize some key aspects of present-day migration from Mongolia to Australia. Materials and methods. The study employs a comprehensive methodology to analyze international and national statistics data from the United Nations, UNESCO, Governments of Australia and Mongolia, etc. It also involves discourse analyses of Russian-, Mongolian- and English-language print and online publications dealing with the migration of Mongolian citizens to Australia. Survey methods have proved as instrumental, e. g., expert surveys, informal interviews, and questionnaires. Field research was conducted in the summer of 2022. Results. The study reveals key characteristic features of Mongolian migration to Australia. Firstly, Mongolian migrants in Australia are a fastest growing group of foreign migrants. Currently, Australia is becoming an increasingly popular labor (third place after the Republic of Korea and the USA) and educational (fourth place after China, Korea and Japan) destination for Mongolian citizens. Secondly, the main driving force of labor migration from Mongolia to Australia is the economic motive; however, non-financial factors play an equally important role — low population density, similar to landscapes, high living standards and quality of life, favorable migration situation in the host society. Thirdly, educational migration from Mongolia to Australia, as well as labor migration, has a high potential, is associated with further employment prospects and professional self-realization for Mongolian citizens both at home and in the destination country. Labor and educational migration is stimulated by active special government programs within operating Australia-Mongolia agreements both in industrial/economic (primarily in mining) and humanitarian spheres (various scholarships, academic mobility). The countries anticipate an expansion of economic, cultural and educational cooperation, which shall make it possible to implement mutually beneficial projects.
Духовенство калмыков-казаков Дона в XVIII – первой половине XIX в.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Maksimov Konstantin N.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article discusses one understudied — though essential — issue from the history of Don Kalmyk Cossacks. It focuses on the shaping and development of the Buddhist clergy among Don Kalmyks in relation to the then official religious agenda of the Don Host. The examined period covers the earliest conversion of Kalmyks to Cossackhood and onwards throughout the 1840s, the latter years having witnessed a largest reform of Buddhist institutions and clerical hierarchies. Goals. The paper attempts an insight into adaptation practices once exercised by Kalmyks as a group with specific cultural and religious backgrounds in polyethnic environments, special attention be paid to how the Buddhist clergy developed and were subsequently incorporated into administrative and social structures of Don Cossacks. Results. The official religious policy within the Don Host was largely tolerant and sought to secure freedom of faith, modernize spiritual services by way of optimizing networks of khuruls and their staff, encouraging some professional training of the latter, introducing clerics into administrative structures and services as a special privileged community. The religious policy of Don authorities among Kalmyk Cossacks was distinguished by that the former tended to actively use a tool of faith in the latter’s further acculturation, education, sedentarization, and conversion to stationary economic practices.
Население Кумо-Манычской впадины эпохи средней бронзы: палеодемографический анализ (по материалам археологических раскопок на территории Республики Калмыкия 1965–2001 гг.)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Bembeeva Lyubov A. , Lidzhikova Tatyana V.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. This work is devoted to research of the population living on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia during the Middle Bronze Age. The object of the study was anthropological material from burials of the Catacomb culture excavated in the area of the Kuma-Manych depression, one of the landscape-geographical zones on the territory of the republic. The purpose of the study is a paleodemographic analysis of anthropological materials from four burial mounds: Eastern Manych, Chograisky, Ostrovnoy and Zunda Tolga. Materials and methods. The materials for the study were bone remains from the burial grounds of the Kuma-Manych depression, stored in the collections of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as data from a craniological series from the Vostochny Manych burial ground, stored in the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of St. Petersburg. The study used traditional anthropological methods, as well as programs developed for constructing mortality tables and assessing pathological conditions on bone remains. Results and conclusions. Research has shown that the population of the Kuma-Manych depression is similar in some paleodemographic indicators to synchronous groups living on the territory of the republic, which is expressed in the average age of death of the adult population and the sex ratio in the group. But it is distinguished by high rates of the final age cohort, a small difference in the average age of death in the male and female groups, which is not traditional for societies of that period. This work contributes to the introduction of new anthropological data into scientific circulation.
Калмыцко-казахские отношения в период откочевки калмыков из России в Китай в 1771 г.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista, 358000, Russian Federation), Tepkeev Vladimir T. , Kabuldinov Ziyabek E. ,   Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology (28, Shevchenko St., 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The history of eighteenth-century Kalmyk-Kazakh relations needs further detailed insights with the aid of newly discovered (and to be discovered) archival files. The turbulent interethnic contacts were integral to political challenges that were to be faced and solved by the Russian government. Goals. The article analyzes some newly discovered (introduced) archival material and attempts a comprehensive account of Kalmyk-Kazakh relations during the Dusty Migration of 1771. Materials. The work focuses on available files stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia, Historical Archive of Omsk Oblast, and messages contained in published document collections. Results. The study provides a quite detailed chronology of events characterizing Kalmyk-Kazakh relations throughout the mentioned campaign, which shall definitely prove instrumental in conducting further academic insights into the issue. Conclusions. The fact Kalmyks had raided livestock of the Junior Jüz Kazakhs in early 1770 did complicate Kalmyk-Kazakh relations on the eve of the Kalmyk Exodus. Khan Nuraly of the Junior Jüz was warning Russian authorities of the Kalmyks’ preparatory activities but his messages were never given serious attention to. Ubashi’s attempts to negotiate with Khan Nuraly ended in a failure since the latter was upholding a pro-Russian position and insisted that the Kalmyks should be immediately driven back into government-controlled lands. However, separate negotiations between Ablai and Ubashi proved more successful, and resulted in that Kalmyks did break through the Kazakh blockade towards China’s borders. The event aggravated the then split within Kazakh political elites, and the latter were never able to well and truly join efforts after the Dusty Migration.
Колчан XVII – середины XVIII вв. из собрания Тобольского историко-архитектурного музея-заповедника
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University (1, Pirogov St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Bobrov Leonid A. , Balyunov Igor V. ,   Tobolsk Reserve Museum of History and Architecture (1/4, Krasnaya Ploshchad, 626152 Tobolsk, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The paper examines a richly decorated leather quiver (ВО-73) housed at Tobolsk Reserve Museum of History and Architecture. This quiver has never been subject to scholarly research. Goals. The study aims to introduce the artefact into scientific circulation, date it, and clarify its cultural attribution. Results. The article reveals the quiver arrived in Tobolsk Governorate Museum in 1890 to mid-1891. Typologically, such quivers cluster with a wide range of Central Asian quivers dating to the mid-16th through mid-19th centuries CE, but differ from other Mongolian and South Siberian quivers on a number of construction and ornamental details, such as a high pointed back, massive upper ‘eye’ extended far forward, and absence of decorative metal plates on the outer side of the quiver (except for belt buckles and rivets on the edges). All quivers of this type known to date come from Southern Siberia, Southeast Kazakhstan, and Tibet, i.e. the regions invaded by Western Mongols — Oirats (Dzungars, Khoshuts, Dorbets, etc.) — in the 17th to mid-18th centuries. And the period when quivers of this type were used coincides with that of the Oirat domination across the aforementioned territories, which makes it possible to view such quivers as Oirat-type ones. Quivers produced by Tibetan craftsmen could be distinguished within this type due to Tibetan ornamental patterns, the latter quivers be referred to as Oirat-Tibetan ones. Oirat-type quivers may have emerged in the mid-16th to early 17th centuries across Western Mongolia, Southern Siberia, Southeast and East Kazakhstan. Quivers of this type could have arrived in Tibet with troops of Güshi Khan and his allies in the late 1630s, and are far less likely to have emerged in Tibet to be further disseminated by Oirats towards Southern Siberia and Southeast Kazakhstan. The quiver from Tobolsk Reserve Museum of History and Architecture is distinguished by mounting plates made (or ornamented) by a craftsman that tended to follow the Moslem cultural tradition. Conclusions. Our analysis of the quiver’s decorative elements and ornamental patterns suggests that the artefact was produced by an Oirat or Tibetan craftsman — to be later ornated by a Moslem jeweler. The quiver may have also been completely produced by a Central Asian craftsman in the Oirat style. Anyway, the customer was definitely a well-to-do Chakar (West Siberian) Kalmyk or Dzungar warrior. So, it was manufactured during the existence of Siberian and Central Asian Oirat states — in the 17th to mid-18th centuries. The quiver could have been delivered to Western Siberia as an item of trade, a diplomatic gift or a trophy of war.
Екатерина II как воплощение Белой Тары: обожествляли ли буряты Романовых?
Authors:   Nazarbayev University (53, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan), Tsyrempilov Nikolay V.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The tradition of worshipping the Russian Empress Catherine II by Buryat Buddhists as an earthly incarnation of the enlightened Buddhist deity White Tara is regarded as an established historical fact by researchers (and officials of Russia’s largest Buddhist organization ‘Buddhist Traditional Sangha of Russia’), and has never been questioned. Yet a careful analysis of Buryat written sources and Russian historical documents makes the statement somewhat problematic. Goals. The article attempts a comparative insight into a range of documentary, narrative and folklore sources in Buryat, Russian and Tibetan to clarify the issue of actual relationships between Buryat Buddhists and Catherine the Great. Results. The paper establishes that the statement insisting the title of Bandido Khambo Lama was recognized by Catherine II in 1767 goes back only to Buryat written sources — and is not corroborated by Russian historical documents. Our analysis of Russian-language sources, including letters and writings by Catherine II, makes it possible to surmise that the Empress’s attitude towards her ‘Lamaist’ subjects was dictated by her foreign policy plans in Asia and the Renaissance disregard for archaic cultures of ‘Siberian idolaters’ believed by eighteenth-century scholars to comprise Buryat Buddhists too. Insights into the surviving Buryat sources, including historical chronicles and biographies, also do not confirm the existence of a developed cult of venerating Catherine II as incarnate goddess White Tara. Nevertheless, such evidence has been preserved in Buryat song folklore and religious poetry but it should be borne in mind that, apparently, those are modern narratives dating from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It is the latter period that was characterized by the wide dissemination of the idea of the sanctity of the Romanov Dynasty in the eyes of Buddhists, which may have been backed by prominent opinion leaders of the Russian political establishment to further promote the concept of Russia’s expansion deep into Buddhist Asia.
О вариантах синхронических русских переводов калмыцкого письма конца XVII в.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Yarmarkina Galina M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Russian translations of Kalmyk official letters housed at Russia’s archives may serve as vivid historical sources both on seventeenth–eighteenth century Kalmyk-Russian relations — and on how translation studies emerged and developed in our country. So, archival files often contain draft translations with original revisions that somewhat show the shaping of the final text and the translation process at large. Materials and methods. The paper examines several Kalmyk-to-Russian synchronic translations of Kalmyk Tayiji Ayuka’s letter dated 21 February 1688. The variants are analyzed with due regard of why the translator would select certain lexemes, replace the already selected ones, and virtually ignore some quite sizeable fragments of the source text. The comparative method proves key to the study. Results. The comparative insight outlines the overall translation strategy: a synchronic translation does focus on the source text and articulate major messages contained therein — but is also replete with additional details. In general, the translation process in not reduced to copying the source text with the aid of target language means, and some distinctions of traced revisions attest to there may have been a transmitter of oral information, though written speech patterns did prevail. The lexical substitutions, corrections of word forms, changes in syntactic constructs clearly illustrate how the translator was making his way through the text.
Чусовой словарь из архива Г. Ф. Миллера: особенности и его значение для классификации мансийских диалектов
Authors:   Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS (25, Solzhenitsyn St., 109004 Moscow, Russian Federation), Kosheliuk Natalia A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article examines a dictionary of Mansi compiled from lexemes recorded along the Chusovaya River in the early-to-mid eighteenth century. The dictionary was discovered in G. F. Müller’s archives. Other available archives (e.g., those of A. J. Sjögren and P. S. Pallas) contain no mention of the dictionary. So, the only source referring to the latter is a 1958 article by Hungarian linguist J. Gulya that analyzes several Mansi words recorded in the eighteenth century across the Lower Tagil, Lower Tura, and Chusovaya river basins to determine a total of three distinct features inherent to the local Mansi dialects. A comparison of lexemes contained in G. F. Müller’s dictionary of Chusovaya Mansi against the ones published in J. Gulya’s work has yielded a number of discrepancies with the scholar’s conclusions. Goals. So, the paper compares Chusovaya Mansi against other Mansi dialects — Berezovo, Solikamsk, Cherdyn, Kungur, Upper Tura, and Karpinsky ones — recorded during the same period and in the same area. The most extensive description and analysis of the latter sources based on L. Honti’s classification are to be found in J. Normanskaya’s article titled ‘How the Classification of Mansi Dialects Was Changed (On the Material of the First Cyrillic Books and Dictionaries of the 18th and 19th Centuries)’ (2022). Materials and methods. The work employs the comparative and comparative historical methods to examine a variety of Mansi-language archival sources. Results. The paper reconsiders the data contained in J. Normanskaya’s publication for a comparative analysis, and shows that the Chusovaya Mansi dictionary does confirm the Russian researcher’s conclusions: Northern and Western Mansi dialect differences developed by L. Honti were non-existent or had only just appeared in the eighteenth century. However, the proto-Mansi *k>χ transition before back vowels identified by J. Normanskaya as the one and only feature exclusively characteristic of Northern Mansi dialects has not been confirmed in the Chusovaya dialect traditionally clustered within Western Mansi: it happens to contain the traditional Northern transition (chot ‘шесть’, chórom ‘три’).
Зоонимы арабо-персидского происхождения в башкирском языке и его диалектах
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics of the RAS (1/1, Bolshoi Kislovsky Lane, 1 25009 Moscow, Russian Federation), Ekba Zarema N.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The article attempts a first analysis of animal names of Arab-Persian origin in standard Bashkir and its dialects in their relation to other Turkic languages. Goals. The study aims to identify and systematize this lexical/thematic group of borrowings to Bashkir and its dialects, identify word-formation patterns of such borrowings, reveal how and when these lexemes appeared in Turkic languages. Materials and methods. The work explores a variety of available dictionaries to provide a most complete selection of animal names of Arab-Persian origin in standard Bashkir and its dialects. The employed research methods include the lexical/semantic and descriptive ones, those of structural, comparative and diachronic analysis, as well as the etymological method. Results. The paper introduces a comparative analysis of the mentioned zoonyms against ones traced in other Turkic (sometimes even Altaic at large) languages, provides insights into their etymologies, and determines approximate chronological boundaries of when the loanwords occurred in the Turkic languages. Our lexical/thematic classification efforts have yielded a number of name groups, such as ‘mammals’, ‘birds’, ‘fish’, ‘insects’ and others. Special attention is paid to Arab-Persian lexemes expressing common animal names. The following word-formation patterns for the examined zoonyms have been identified: 1) borrowings in the form of ready-made root stems be divided into subgroups, such as exotic names, culturally significant words, and medical terms; 2) composite combinations clustering within two subgroups, such as attributive constructions with ezāfe particles and ones without the latter (incl. compounding). So the study attests to the share of names borrowed to the Turkic languages via books are used only in standard Bashkir or considered outdated to be found only in classical Bashkir literary texts. However, the share of animal names introduced orally can be traced exclusively in dialects and have correspondences of Bashkir origin in the standard language.
Новые полевые и архивные данные к глоттохронологической классификации самодийских языков
Authors:   Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the RAS (25, Solzhenitsyn St., 109004 Moscow, Russian Federation), Normanskaja Julia V. ,   Institute of Linguistics of the RAS (1, Bolshoi Kislovsky Lane, 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Classification of the Samoyedic languages ranks among most popular topics of Uralistics in recent years, with at least six different perspectives — often in contradiction with one another — expressed by leading experts. In fact, there is no single subgroup of the Samoyedic languages on which all the authors would unanimously agree. Goals. The article attempts an analysis of word lists of the Samoyedic languages available on the LingvoDoc platform (lingvodoc.ispras.ru) — recorded from the last native speakers and collected from archives. Materials and methods. The LingvoDoc platform stores a total of 16 Samoyedic-language dictionaries (and text concordances) containing some basic vocabularies. Ten dictionaries were compiled from native speakers (Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, and Selkup dialects), while six others were derived from archival and published sources. They are processed using the glottochronology formula developed by S. Starostin. The LingvoDoc-based analysis yields 3D proximity degree graphs calculated depending on divergence time points of the Samoyedic language unity. Results. It has been determined that, from a glottochronological perspective, there was a certain proximity between Nenets, Enets, and Nganasan traditionally grouped into the North Samoyedic cluster, while Selkup, Mator, and Kamassian are regarded as South Samoyedic. However, these communities were short-lived enough, a longer period of unity be observed between Mator and Kamassian, and between Nenets and Enets. The highest number of words with no etymology in other basic vocabulary lists was found in Selkup dialects (up to 18 lexemes) and in the Nganasan language (13 words), which attests to their prolonged isolated existence. Conclusions. The current analysis supports the validity of the traditional classification of the Samoyedic languages. The involvement of materials from early Selkup texts provides more reliable evidence for delineating a South Samoyedic group.
Cross-Sectional Analysis of Expenditure on Fruits and Vegetables: A Comparison Between Low-Income and High-Income Households
Authors: Cheah Yong Kang , Su Tin Tin , Abdul Adzis Azira
Published: January 2024

The present study is the first to our knowledge to use quantile regressions to explore the effects of sociodemographic and household factors on consumption expenditure on fruits and vegetables (FV) among households of different income groups. Data from the Malaysian Household Expenditure Surveys 2014 and 2016 were used for pooled cross-sectional analyses. Quantile regressions were utilised to examine factors affecting household expenditure on FV at different ranges of the expenditure. Results showed that low-, medium- and high-income households headed by younger adults (< 60 years), females, less-educated individuals, Bumiputera and unemployed individuals spent less on FV compared with those headed by older adults (≥ 60 years), males, welleducated individuals, non-Bumiputera and employed individuals. Furthermore, there were positive relationships between quantiles of FV expenditure and household income, rural households, tobacco consumption, and health insurance spending. In conclusion, household heads’ sociodemographic characteristics and household profiles play an important role in influencing household expenditure on FV. Findings obtained in the present study can assist policymakers in formulating better intervention measures and assistance directed toward improving FV intake. Policymakers could consider subsidising FV purchases and promoting FV consumption among female-headed households. Additionally, health awareness programmes could target urban households with single and less-educated heads.