bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Opening on Load Carrying Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Slabs: Analytical Study
Authors: Hadi Waleed Khalid , Muttashar Majid
Published: August 2020

Most often cut an opening/s in existing concrete slab is essential because of late design requirements. The shape and size of the openings should be chose carefully. While experimental investigation and finite element analysis are difficult to conduct by field engineers, developing a simplified analytical method is important. This study presents an analytical method to examine the effect of opening on the area load capacity of square and rectangular slabs. Two factors were involved in the analysis to take in the account the shape of the slab and the opening. The aspect ratio between the long and short dimensions of slab mentioned by the variable (β), while the aspect ratio between the dimensions of opening is mentioned by the variable (α). The results show that openings have a significant effect on the area load capacity of concrete slabs. In addition, square openings have less effect on the load capacity of rectangular slabs, whereas, rectangular openings have a significant effect on the area load capacity of square slabs. Field engineers can use the presented equations in this study easily and effectively where an opening is required in an existing slab.
Crashworthiness behavior of aircraft sandwich structure with honeycomb core under bending load.
Authors: Sadiq S E , Bakhy S H , Jweeg M J
Published: August 2020

Sandwich structures have been widely used as lightweight composite parts in the aerospace and shipbuilding engineering for their high capacity of stiffness, strength and energy absorption. There are three different criteria in bending crashworthiness for sandwich structure, namely peak bending load, maximum deflection and energy absorption. In this paper, the crashworthiness criteria of sandwich structure were evaluated theoretically and numerically based on failure mode maps. A failure mode map for the loading under three-point bending was constructed, depicting the reliance of the failure mode and the load upon the ratio of the skin thickness to the span length and the relative density of honeycomb. The finite element models for the sandwich panel with a honeycomb core were developed and analyzed via Ansys soft-ware package. The obtained result elucidated a good agreement between these models and the theoretical solution, where the error ratio was not exceeded 5%.To explore the effect of honeycomb parameters on the crashworthiness criteria of sandwich structure, several parameters have been selected, including the core height, the size of cell and the thickness of cell wall. In order to obtain the optimum solution of crashworthiness, Design of Experiment (DOE) software with the technique of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used. Results showed that the optimum value of peak bending load (25310 N) as maximum, deflection as minimum (0.8976 mm) and energy absorption as maximum (9.9949 J) were found at 29.2424 mm core height, 5 mm cell size and 1 mm cell wall thickness. Finally, the present study provides a new basis for more studies upon the optimization of the crashworthiness of sandwich structures.
Path Planning Optimization of a Mobile Robot based on Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Abaas Tahseen Fadhel , Shabeeb Alaa Hassan
Published: August 2020

Motion planning is an important topic for researchers working in the field of autonomous robots, it finds an optimal feasible path from start to target point with avoiding the collision, this paper aims to improve motion planning of mobile robot by particle swarm optimization as a method for finding the collision-free optimal path. The objectives considered in this research for optimization are optimal static navigation path with taking into consideration the affect population size on performance for the algorithm to find the optimal path through various environments with population sizes 100, 80, 40, 20. The simulate and evaluate the proposed algorithm proved no strong affected to population size parameter on the optimal path length and its points, hence we can use a small population size for the minimum time in finding the optimal path between start point to goal point with colliding avoidance.
Experimental and numerical investigations for turbulent air flow characteristics of circular orifice plate
Authors: Abed N , Hassan H F , Al-Damook Amer , Khalil W H
Published: August 2020

The present work describes the airflow characteristics upstream and downstream of the circular orifice numerically using the standard k-ε model and RSM and experimentally employing hot-wire and Pitot tube devices to measure the flow velocities through a tube. An expectation has to bear in mind; the RSM performed well and predicted results in a good level of agreement against the experimental measurements found in preceding studies and the present experimental data as well. In terms of flow physics point of view, velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distribution are presented. Moreover, turbulent viscosity, Reynolds stresses (u2, v2, w2) are also considered. Furthermore, the contours of velocity, static pressure and turbulent kinetic energy are presented beside the wall shear stress and y+ profiles are illustrated to show the flow physics as well as to compare the results of two different turbulence models considered in this study employing Reynolds of 30000 and the ratio of orifice diameter to the pipe diameter of 0.5.
Analysis of Forming Complex Cup by Drawing Process
Authors: Mohammed Adnan I.
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to design and construct a deep drawing dies to produce a complex cup with eight vertices with the major diameter (41.5 mm) and the minor diameter (34.96 mm) and length (30 mm) using numerical simulation and experimental. Also, intended to study the influence of forming method on drawing load, distribution of thickness, and distribution of stress and strain along the wall of the cup were investigated. Two forming methods were used to accomplish this research. The first forming method, which is called the direct forming method in which the complex shape is performed by drawing the circular blank metal. The second forming method is called the converting method, in which the cylindrical cup is redrawn into a complex cup. The low carbon steel sheets (1008-AISI) of the thickness (0.7 mm) and diameter (80 mm) were utilized in this research. ANSYS Workbench 18.0 software in 3-D modeling was utilized to simulate the drawing processes. The results appear that the maximum punch load was with the first forming method (the complex cup is done by drawing the circular blank metal) and higher than the maximum punch load that occurred with the second forming method. The maximum thinning at cup curvature was subjected to the complex cup produced by the first method, especially in areas of convex and concave and more than the complex cups produced by the second forming method. The second forming method is the best method to produce a complex cup with the less thinning at cup curvature and more regular thickness, stress, and strains distribution.
Evaluation of Using the Ceiling and Wall Spots Ventilation System on Indoor Thermal Environment
Authors: Al-Shohani Wisam A. M. , Ahmed Ahmed Qasim , Khaleel Ahmed Jawad , Dakkama Hassan J. , Fayyad Tareq Hamid
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to enhance the local comfortable zone for the occupants in a small office room. The ceiling spot ventilation (CSV) system and the wall spot ventilation (WSV) system are proposed and investigated numerically to show the influence of these systems on the local thermal comfort and energy demand. Three different amounts of airflow rate are used in this investigation. A CFD model is employed to explain the behavior of indoor airflow and temperature distribution in each case study. The results show that, when using these systems as a main ventilation system will reduced the demand on fresh air and this will reduce the required load on cooling coil and saving more energy. Also, the results revealed that the wall spot ventilation (WSV) was provided a required local indoor thermal environment air for the occupant zone. Therefore, using this system will provide a comfortable local environment and enhance the air velocity distribution as well as saving more energy.
Microstructure and phase analysis of brazing bonds for stainless steel (AISI 316L and 431) to carbon steel (A516 G70) using a Ni–Si–B filler metal alloy
Authors: Ahmed Moussa A. , Hashim Fadhil A. , Al-Mohaisen Abdul Mohsin N.
Published: August 2020

Investigation the mechanism of brazing stainless steels (Austenitic stainless steel type 316L and martensitic stainless steel type 431) similar and dissimilar and also brazing them with carbon steel type A516 grade 70 to see the difference in bonding phases, the five specimen were brazed with Ni base filler metal with (4.5% Si and 3.2% B) using a furnace with protected gas (pure Argon) at constant holding time 10 min. The optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to study the joint microstructure, also the interdiffusion of the elements was examined by energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDS). While the reaction phases are identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The brazed joints showed continuous bonding between the filler alloy and the substrate, indicating to good wetting between the surfaces. EDS line and mapping scan shows The Nickel element which it’s at the filler metal alloy will be goes into the interface almost, because the stainless steels sides can handle it, also Cr element. While Si element will concentrate at the bond zone, finally Fe element Transfer through brazing zones easy. XRD test reveals that the bonding zone of the five specimen shows more the six types of phases which are Ni-Cr-Fe, Cr-Ni-Fe-C, SiC, Fe2B, Cr2B, and Cr-Fe-Ni-Mo.
Effect of sliver filler metal alloy on bonding structure for brazing Ni270 to Ductile cast iron
Authors: Looty Abbas F. , Hashim Fadhil A. , Hussein S K
Published: August 2020

Diffusion brazing mechanism of two dissimilar alloys Ni 270 and Ductile cast iron(DCI) by BAg-5 and BAg-7 filler metal with bonding time of 10 min was investigated. Shear strength test was performed to evaluate mechanical properties. The bonding phase for joining side nickel by using the two type of filler metal alloy BAg-5 and BAg-7 is the NiCu phase with shear strength about 70 Mpa, and the bonding phase for joining side ductile cast iron by using the two type of filler metal alloy BAg-5 and BAg-7 is the Fe3Si and SiC phase with shear strength about 40 Mpa. The joining of nickel 270 plate and ductile cast iron by using BAg-5 filler metal alloy shows an Eutectic structure at the middle of filler zone, which lead to great affinity between nickel element with copper. The optimum shear strength of 43 MPa was achieved for the bond made by BAg-7 filler metal.
Iraqi gasoline performance at low engine speeds
Authors: Allawi Mohammed Kadhim , Mejbel Mohanad Kadhim , Oudah Mahmood Hasan
Published: August 2020

Four grades of gasoline fuel – obtained from Iraqi oil refineries – are used in this research to investigate their performance in spark-ignition (SI) engines. These grades are RON 77, RON 82, RON 87, and RON 93. We used a four-stroke, four-cylinder SI engine laboratory rig to conduct the experiments and calculate the engine performance for each gasoline grade. We compared the experimental results with the predicted numerical simulations carried out using a well-known commercial software called Lotus Engine Simulation (LES). The numerical results obtained using LES show good agreement with experimental findings. A higher gasoline grade shows better engine performance than lower grades owing to its superior quality and purity, better combustion characteristics and performance, and lower amount of gasoline inclusions. Gasoline fuel RON 93 provided the best engine performance in comparison to the remaining grades. The variation between the numerical and experimental results in all tested conditions was below 3%.
Joining of Aluminium Alloy AA6061-T6 to PVC Polymer by Friction Stir Lap joining Process
Authors: Mohammed K A , Hussein S K , Khuder A H
Published: August 2020

The aim of this research is to join sheets of aluminium alloy AA6061-T6 of 1.5 mm thickness with polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) of 4 mm thickness by a friction lap technique. Drill holes of 3, 4 and 5 mm were produced in the AA6061 specimens and a lap joint arrangement was set up with the PVC sheet. Six parameters were used in this technique: hole diameter, tool diameter, number of holes, rotating speed, linear speed, and tool plunging depth. The shear test results at the holes were analyzed by a Minitab program with the aid of the Taguchi method. IR thermometer was used to measure the temperature distribution at the joint. The results indicated that all the samples failed with shearing the PVC at the aluminium hole without dislocation the polymer. The maximum shear force is 1850N. The joint shear force increased by increasing the plunging depth and rotation speed of the tool and decreased by increasing the hole numbers and diameter of the aluminium specimen. The hole diameter beside the rotating and the linear speed exhibited the highest effect on the joint shear strength. The developed temperature during the joining process was an effective parameter on the joints quality. The SEM tests indicated that the joining between the aluminium and polymers occurred by a mechanical interlocking at the common surfaces.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Toughness and Fatigue Behavior Strength of Steel CK45
Authors: Ibrahim Al-Zuhairi Haitham M , Hamza Asaad Khudhair , Mahdi Bahaa Sami , Al-Alkawi Hussain J M
Published: August 2020

The function of the axle drive shaft is to transfer the engine torque from the gearbox or differential gear to the wheels. It must also endure for all dynamic loads resulted from variations in angle or length during driving from contact the vehicle tire with road. Most problems with the axle drive shaft manifest themselves in the form of knocking noises when driving around tight corners, accelerating, or when the suspension is being compressed and extended where the drive shaft becomes weakened and more subject to stress failure due to dynamic torsion, tensile, shear, and compression. This work consists of effect of heat treatment type applied to the steels CK45 on the resulted behavior of the fatigue and toughness and study of these heat treatments on the microstructure and micro-hardness across the specimens depth. Where this heat treatable alloy usually used in drive-shafts in vehicles which exposed to a dynamic loads and the goal is to investigate the best relation between heat treatment and the service conditions. However, microstructural characterization and microhardness measurements revealed that the shaft belongs to medium carbon steel contains ferrite and pearlite, measuring the toughness for four heat treatments to obtain the best case and measuring the fatigue life of quenching case has better life compared to other cases. The oil quenching gives best toughness value of 30 Kj/m2 and the worst value obtained for as received one giving 7 Kj/m2 and the maximum fatigue life under stress of 375 MPa belonged to oil quenching treatment and it was 75000 cycles to failure while the as-received alloy reported 2000 cycles at failure. The S-N curve of the four cases based on Basquin formula with correlation factor (R2) close to one. And the water quenching steel alloy recorded higher curve component to other cases.
Numerical stress analysis for single-lap adhesive joint under thermo-mechanical load using non-linear material
Authors: Al-Ramahi Nawres J , Joffe Roberts , Varna Janis
Published: August 2020

A comprehensive stress analysis by means of Finite Element Method (FEM) for single-lap joint subjected to thermal and mechanical loads is presented in this paper. Simulation is used to predict the effect of residual thermal stresses (caused by difference of temperature of use and elevated temperature during the assembly of the joint) on stress distribution within adhesive layer. The residual thermal stresses are assigned to joint members as initial condition before the mechanical load is applied. The FEM model employs linear and nonlinear material model and accounts for geometrical nonlinearity. It is confirmed that the difference between the manufacturing and the ambient temperature results in high residual thermal stresses, especially in axial and lateral directions of the joint. The calculation of total stress as superposition of thermal and mechanical stresses works only for linear materials. Moreover, simultaneous application of temperature and mechanical load (applied strain in case of displacement controlled test) in FEM produces inaccurate results, since in real situation the strain is applied to already thermally loaded structure. It is also found that the residual thermal stresses may reduce the peel and shear stress concentration in the adhesive at the ends of overlap and the shear stress within the overlap.
Experimental Investigation of Hold Time Effect on Springback in V-Bending Sheet Metal Forming Process
Authors: Khleif Ali Abbar , Kashkool Lujain H , Hassoon O H
Published: August 2020

Springback is considering as one of the most common problems in metal forming processes, which poses an inaccuracy of product angle during assembling of parts. The estimation of the springback is difficult to predict for formed parts, since it depends on many factors such as the mechanical properties, the sheet thickness and the die angle. In this work, experimental investigation for different thickness and holding time have been studied and analysed. Samples of (Aluminium, brass, and C1004 Steel) specimens with 80 mm length, 50 mm width and 2, 3 and 6mm of thickness selected in this study. Using bending die with angle value (730 and 900) pulled three pieces of each different holding times. Three pieces for each metals were hold with three times (2, 4, 6 minutes). The results show that in a given thickness configuration, the springback reduced with increasing of the punch hold time for all thicknesses selected.
Investigation of Friction Stir Welding of AA2024-T4 Thin Sheets for Industrial Applications
Authors: Ridha Munaf Hashim , Alkhazraji Sohaib Khlil , Abdullah Isam Tareq
Published: August 2020

The welding of aluminum alloys thin sheets is a complicated process no matter what the technology used. A 2024-T4 AL sheets of 1.2mm thickness were welded using stir welding method and then examined for their mechanical and microstructure characteristics. The process included the use of specifically designed fixture along with cylindrical tool. Thin sheets welding of aluminum alloy is a complicated process either in conventional or newly developed methods. In this approach the friction stirs welding (FSW) is used. Tensile test and microstructure test were conducted to analyze final product properties. The cylindrical rotating tool was used to create a joint which is specifically useful in the welding of aluminum alloys in particular. It was found that All tested samples were defects free. Mechanical properties show that ultimate tensile strength of samples is below the base metal. Two rotational speed were applied (900 and 1400) rpm with welding feed rate of (20, 40 and 80) mm/min respectively. The tool has a 1.2mm diameter pin of 1 mm height and 8mm shoulder diameter. A rotation speed of (900) rpm and feed rate of (40) mm/min gave the best quality product in which an increase of (72%) in ultimate tensile strength was observed.
Mixed Convection Enhancement in a Rectangular Cavity by Triangular Obstacle
Authors: Afluq Shaalan Ghanam , Abas Siba Mohamed Abed Al , Jehhef Kadhum Audaa
Published: August 2020

Numerical modeling analysis of mixed convection heat transfer for air flow in a cavity with bottom local heat source and top inlet and outlet sections is studied. Also, the cavity equipped by vertical triangular obstacle on the top wall in order to enhancement the convection inside the cavity are researched. System of dimensionless stationary Navier-Stokes equations is solved numerically by discretizing the compositional domain into small grids. Mixed convection regimes are the viscous incompressible Newtonian fluid with Reynolds number range (800-1400) and the Grashof number ranged (105-108) and at fixed Prandtl number at (7.1). The pressure, temperature and velocity distributions characterizing the basic laws of viewed process. The results showed that the main circulating currents in different zones of the cavity is due to the effect of number of blocks and the presence vertical triangular obstacle on the top boundary of the cavity. The formation of thermal conditions in the region under study and the effect of low temperatures above the heated bottom wall on the circulation fluid flow in a cavity. Distribution pattern established velocity and temperature profile in centered sections depending on the height of vertical triangular obstacle. Also, the results showed that the Nusselt number increased by about 26% when increasing the height ratio of triangular obstacle to (h/H=0.5) with three blocks.
Evaluation of Green Supply Chain Management Practices Under Uncertainty Environment: Case Study in The Company for Batteries Industry
Authors: Faris Hiam Muhammad , Maan Harith Yarub
Published: August 2020

This work used a model of integrated the fuzzy set theory and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory to evaluate the green practices that can affect the green supply chain implementation in battery industry. The integrated fuzzy MCDM model is used to assess the GSCM performance in company based on green terms: green purchasing, green manufacturing, reverse logistic. Therefore, using fuzzy DEMATEL method to exploring the relationship between criteria and factors which affect other factors in GSCM. The hybrid approach presented an empirical analysis under linguistic preferences for the firm to find the critical practices that affected the GSCM performance and green practice implementation. The results showed that the economic performance and the revers logistic are the cause of the low environmental performance of the company and located in the cause group.
Effect of Sliding Speed on the Thermal Fields and Frictional Behaviours of Asbestos-free Frictional Materials Used for Dry Clutch System
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Salah , Senatore Adolfo , Abdullah Oday I. , Scuotto Nicola
Published: August 2020

Friction materials are utilized in systems that require explicit contact interaction between at least two components. The requirement to obtain successful frictions materials (high resistance for thermal and wear) is very difficult to such an extent that the market for friction devices is about seven billion dollars for each year. Common applications of the friction materials are automotive clutches and brakes systems where frictional materials play a significant role in these systems. In clutch systems, the tribological contact under sliding condition during the engagement maneuver is strongly affected by the frictional heat generated occurring in the system. Owing to the sliding between the contacting parts, this will lead to produce the mechanical energy losses, which are converted in heat with ensuing temperature increase. The magnitude of temperature rise depends on the complex interaction between frictional characteristics of materials, contact pressure, sliding speed, thermal properties of contacting materials. During the early stage of engagement of friction clutch, high energy is dissipated due to slipping between the contact surfaces. Hence, the surface temperature of the clutch elements is increased due to generated frictional heat. In turn, non-uniform deformation is produced which influence the pressure distribution and thermal field. In other word, the contact pressure and high temperatures will be concentrated in small area of the contact zone that accelerates premature failure of the clutch system. Unfortunately, only few literature works explore through experiments the influence of temperature and other influent variables on the frictional behaviour of the clutch facing materials. In this study, the effect of sliding speed on temperature field and frictional behaviour of ceramic clutch pad was investigated to find out the safely working zone of dry friction clutch systems.
A Simplified Algorithm for Detecting Power Recirculation within 1-Dof Multi-Entity Planetary Gear Trains
Authors: Hussen Hamed A. , Hussain Rahman A. , Esmail Essam L.
Published: August 2020

Because there is power recirculation around internal loops in many transmissions, an undesirable increase in tooth meshing loss can arise in the system which results in lower efficiency. A single graph is used to illustrate the power flow magnitudes and directions. A simple formula for detecting power circulation in one degree of freedom multi-entity parallel-connected planetary gear trains is developed. In the absence of friction, power recirculation mainly depends on the speed ratios of the individual entities that constitute the PGT. The main novelty of the current method is in its extreme simplicity.
Synthesis and characterization of porous zirconia parts by nonaqueous electrophoretic deposition technique
Authors: Salman A J
Published: August 2020

The technological effect of porous implants in biomedical applications has stepped up the look for advanced shaping tools. The present work was mostly concerned on create and control on porosity and surface roughness of zirconia structures that production by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. Distilled water is utilized in this study to help to create the porosity and increase the surface roughness by its addition in little amounts to ethanol suspension. The obtained porous structures were investigated using SEM and AFM analyses. The addition of water affected the properties of the alcohol suspension, reducing the pH and increasing the dielectric constant. The results show that even adding a small amount of water to an electrolytic suspension leads to gas release on the electrode. The resulted zirconia structures showed the 1 ml water addition was the ultimate value to create uniform pores on the deposited part in the case of 0.5 g zirconia powder volume.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polymer/Nickel Composites
Authors: Faeq L S
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the metal particles effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of polyester matrix composites. Nickel (Ni) particles were chosen as reinforcing constituents due to their well characterized mechanical and energetic properties. The effects of spatial distribution and volume fractions of the nickel particles on the mechanical behavior of polyester matrix castings has been examined by of reinforcing the polyester by 2,4,6,8,10 vol.% Ni which have been prepared using hand lay-out molding. Mechanical characteristics were the tensile properties; bending modulus of elasticity, shear stress and impact properties (fracture toughness and impact strength) has been studied. The results of the experimental work show an increase in the volume fraction of nickel particles to 10% led to increase in mechanical properties. While the thermal properties such thermal diffusivity, thermal diffusivity conductivity and specific heat capacity also affected by the incorporation of nickel powder to the matrix that increases slightly as the nickel content increases.
Monitoring and evaluation of the water pollution
Authors: Abdulrazzak Ibtihaj A. , Bierk Hussain , Abdulrazzaq Ali Abdulwahhab
Published: August 2020

The main purpose of this research is to control the water pollution through focusing on monitoring and evaluating of the water pollution. The components such as electronic device contains Arduino, sensors (total dissolved solids (TDS), temperature, and turbidity), liquid crystal display LCD, and electronic arm with servo motor have been employed to control the water quality. The evaluation of the water quality is paramount to the investigation and use of water and aiming to progress the realization of the phenomena which take place in the water environments. It is important to know the variables which affect the water bodies. This evaluation participates to the improvement of water quality and contribute to the fast and effective method for monitoring and displaying the water quality.
POX Controller and Open Flow Performance Evaluation in Software Defined Networks (SDN) Using Mininet Emulator
Authors: Noman Haeeder Munther , Jasim Mahdi Nsaif
Published: August 2020

Growing popularity of Internet demands for the agility as well as the flexibility of computer networks. Traditional networking system is unable to satisfy recent computing needs. Proprietary devices configured manually create an error-prone situation in addition they are incapable to fully utilize the capability of physical network infrastructure. This has resulted in the paradigm shift in the networking industry and it is known as Software defined networking. Advantages such as programmability, task virtualization and easy management of the network can be provided by employing SDN platform, on the other hand POX is defined as a Python based open source OpenFlow SDN Controller mainly used for faster development and prototyping of new network applications basically comes pre-installed with the mininet virtual machine. POX controller can turn dumb OpenFlow devices into hub, switch, load balancer and firewall devices. In this paper Performance metrics such as service Delay, utilized bandwidth, received packets and bytes were measured and recorded using network monitoring tools like iperf and D-ITG in order to analyze the functionality of the POX controller as well as to evaluate the operation performance of POX controller for SDN environment. The results of this research were the recommendation of using POX controller in for rapid development and prototyping of network control systems as well as being the framework for the interaction with Open Flow switches.
UWB Elliptical Antenna Using Fractal Geometry For Wireless Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Hammed Mayss Alreem N. , Fayadh Rashid A.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has been studied and its components and method of work. This small device is very important because it has a significant role in facilitating the process of imaging the digestive system. Since the capsule is a pictorial device, the most important part of it is the transmitter. It has been suggested to use the microstrip antenna due to its many advantages such as small size and easy design and others. The microstrip antenna was designed with ultra-wideband technology (UWB) by using fractal geometry. The proposed antenna has a return loss of - 1.1 at 5.78 GHz. Also, the radiation patterns are Omni-directional radiations over the UWB bandwidth.
Design of Mobile Healthcare Monitoring System Using IoT Technology and Cloud Computing
Authors: Al-Sheikh Mustafa A , Ameen Ibrahim A
Published: August 2020

This project presents an implementation of wearable, portable, low power consumption, real-time remote bio-signals monitoring system based on the internet of thing technology. This implementation provides an improved step-in remote health monitoring field. Numbers of people, who require health care increase year by year and the conventional bio-signals monitoring systems require patients’ attendance in person inside hospitals. This might cause an inefficient situation to take care of the patients, especially those who have critical and unstable health conditions. Therefore, internet technology along with modern electronic devices could offer promising solutions in this field. Based on that, this project utilizes a mobile application as an IoT platform to monitor remotely the live ECG signal, heart rate, SPO2, and the body temperature of patients. The signals are measured and processed by using a microcontroller-based device (Arduino). The main contribution of this paper is sending an electrocardiogram (ECG signal) to a specific smart mobile phone to be watched by a doctor. This assists in heart diseases diagnosing before the worst case can happen. Finally, the obtained results of this project are illustrated on both smartphone and personal computer (PC) as well.
Instant messaging security and privacy secure instant messenger design
Authors: Ali R M , Alsaad S N
Published: August 2020

Among many types of social network applications, instant messaging is one of the applications that consider the privacy and the security are two crucial features due to that data exchanged between users are often private and not for public. In this work, a secure Instant Messenger (IM) mobile application is designed and implemented. Many techniques are used to provide privacy and another to achieve security through suitable cryptographic method. The limited and varied specifications of users’ mobile devices are considered for implementing the concept of end-to-end encryption. The application also providing the main functions of instant messaging applications such as profile creation, access control management, and finding friend.
Using of Genetic algorithm to obtain proper Coordination of Directional overcurrent relays.
Authors: Abd Almuhsen Tahseen Ali , Sultan Ahmed Jasim
Published: August 2020

Transmission and distribution lines are the most parts in power systems affected by faults during their operation. Therefore, it is required to maintain suitable coordination between all the protection relays is used to protect them during faults. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to solve the coordination problems of the directional overcurrent relays (DOC) in interconnected systems. GA is used to obtain the optimum time multiplier setting (TMS) of these relays. A comparison has been made with previous work in literature to show the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm and the total operatination time of DOC in the network has been minimized. The results confirm the superior performance of the proposed algorithm and these results have been validated by using an electric transient and analysis program(ETAP).
A New Proposed Pendulum-Like with Attraction-Repulsion mechanism Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems
Authors: Abed I A , Koh S P , Sahari K S M , Tiong S K , Ali M M , Abdul Kadhim A A
Published: August 2020

This work aims to contribute to the domain of new modification in electromagnetism-like (EM) algorithm, which will be referred to in this work as pendulum-like with attraction-repulsion mechanism algorithm (PA). PA algorithm has been constructed with the purpose of solving inverse kinematics (IK) problem. The proposed new algorithm mimics the concepts of a simple physical pendulum and is derived as a local search in order to promote the performance of the EM algorithm. Comparisons between the suggested PA with the available algorithms, such as genetic algorithm (GA) and EM were conducted using two mathematical test functions. On top of the testing, the PA algorithm is tested to solve the problem of IK for a four degree-of-freedom (DOF) planar robot. The simulation results indicate that the PA algorithm outperforms other approaches in terms of accuracy and the speed of convergence through the errors and the decreasing of objective with iterations as mention in presented tables and figures, on top of being able to successfully solve the IK problem with multiple robot configurations.
Modeling and Anlysis for Diagnosis Skin Lesions using Modern Artificial Swarm Intelligence Techniques (MASITs)
Authors: Aljanabi Mohanad , Ajel Ahmed R. , Al-Azawi Aws , Abdul-Nab Rawaa A.
Published: August 2020

MASITs provides an optimum outcomes if it is not probable to become the solutions of huge inflexible optimization difficulties. Computerized investigation of skin lesions is a significant problem in data retrieval for medical imaging, it supports human experts to enhance their choice construction for rapid and accurate analysis of unhealthy nevi and other skin diseases. In this article, computerized investigation of skin lesions has been addressed, by an adjustment of controlling swarm intelligence system (Artifical Bee Colony{ABC}).The modified system is hybridized with a search technique for improved performance. Experimental outcomes on a level of medical images of early diagnosis skin lesions confirmation that this technique outclasses conventional mathematical approaches for the cases in the standard. It is identical good and regularly higher to advanced systems in the area in relationships of mathematical accuracy. The chief benefit of the proposed technique is that this diagnosis can segment skin lesions by resolve images. So, additional comprehensive features can be found from the segmented portion of the lesion, which in turn contributes on organization medical service accuracy.
Interval type-2 and type-1 Fuzzy Logic Controllers for congestion avoidance in internet routers
Authors: Kadhim Hanan M , Oglah Ahmed A
Published: August 2020

Active queue management (AQM) scheme is an important research area in congestion control. The AQM mechanism attains the congestion controller by regularize the length of queue from evaluation or dropping the packets at the moderate routers. In this paper the interval type-2 and type-1 fuzzy logic controller are designed to desist the congestion in the networks. Several evolutionary optimization algorithms are used to select the parameters of two controllers as particle swarm optimization (PSO), social spider optimization (SSO) and ant colony Optimization (ACO). The simulation of linearized model of TCP/AQM are introduced in MATLAB (R2018a). Results of the PID like fuzzy type-1controller is compared with PID like interval type-2 fuzzy controller (IT2-FLC) based on optimization algorithms in each controller and shows that IT2-FLC with SSO has been given the best result.
Implementation of the GPS microstrip circular patch antenna
Authors: Fadhil S. H. , Thaher R. H.
Published: August 2020

A new design of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) microstrip antenna for the military use at L2-band (1.227 GHz) is introduced. Some slots are etched in the circular patch of the designed antenna to enhance the reflection coefficient (i.e. S11≤ −10 dB). The patch was printed on epoxy substrate with relative dielectric constant εr = 4.3 and loss tangent (tanδ = 0.025) with overall dimensions (70×70×1.6) mm3. The antenna was manufactured and checked with the help of the Vector Analyzer Network (VNA). It was found that there is a reasonable acceptance between the simulation and practical results.
VoIP Performance Evaluation and Capacity Estimation Using different QoS Mechanisms
Authors: Refaet Ahmmed , Ahmed Muhanad A. , Aish Qais. , Jasim Ali K.
Published: August 2020

Data networks and new mobile networks (4G and 5G) deploy packet switching in their core networks. Due to this architecture VoIP protocols has a wide deployment in these environments. VoIP capacity and quality must be considered during VoIP protocols implementations. The aim of QoS mechanisms is to satisfy voice traffic requirements; this is deployed by using many tools like congestion management utilities, congestion avoidance utilities, and link fragmentation tools. Each tool has an impact on voice performance. Queuing is very important mechanisms in the traffic management system. Certain routers in data networks must deploy some QoS tools that control how different packets are temporally buffered until transmission on the interface. This paper studies the effect of different QoS tools on VoIP application performance and capacity via OPNET simulation. Also, the maximum VoIP capacity which gives accepted quality will be investigated.
Texture Analysis of Mammogram Using Histogram of Oriented Gradients Method
Authors: Farhan Athraa H. , Kamil Mohammed Y.
Published: August 2020

The second foremost reason for dying ladies all across the world is breast cancer. The possibilities of survival can be raises when cancer detects earlier; therefore, the mortality reduction. The radiologist used mammograms to recognize breast tumors at an early level. Since the mammograms have little contrast, hence, it is unclear to the radiologist to distinguish small tumors. A computer-aided detection system contributes to explaining mammograms and helps the radiologist to indicate the appearance of breast mass and discriminate among normal and abnormal tissue. In this research, we introduce a histogram of oriented gradients as a method of feature extraction and identify mass regions in mammograms. The features extraction from this method classified by a support vector machine. To improve the diagnosis ability, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization pre-processing system is utilized. Mini-MIAS database used to estimate this approach. The top accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained are 90%, 69%, 100%, respectively.
Modeling and Simulation of A Low Cost Perturb& Observe and Incremental Conductance MPPT Techniques In Proteus Software Based on Flyback Converter
Authors: Saleh Ameer L. , Obed Adel A. , Hassoun Zainab Abdullah , Yaqoob Salam J.
Published: August 2020

A photovoltaic (PV) panel that extracted the electrical energy from the sunlight energy is as nonlinear in nature with respect to the weather conditions such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature. Hence, the PV panel characteristics are exhibited a nonlinear P-V and I-V characteristics. Therefore, a one-point in the nonlinear PV characteristics at which the power is maximum. For this reason, the maximum power of the PV panel can be extracted using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique, the efficiency of the PV panel is increased. This MPPT technique is implemented using a suitable DC/DC converter linked with a corrected load resistance. In this paper, isolated flyback DC/DC converter is used to implement the MPPT techniques of low cost perturb& observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC) algorithms that represent the main controller in the PV system. The Proteus software is used to modeling and simulate the PV panel model that integrated with MPPT under variable cell temperature and solar irradiance and its control. Each technique is simulated with the PV model, flyback converter and a resistance load in order to the comparison between their performances. The results show that the P&O technique is tracked faster than the INC technique but the fluctuation is higher. On other hand, more power form the PV panel is obtained in INC technique which is lead to that the INC is more efficient than the P&O algorithm.
Blade Shape Optimization of Savonius Wind Turbine at Low Wind Energy by Artificial Neural network
Authors: Al-Shammari Sarah Ali , Karamallah Abdul Hassan , Aljabair Sattar
Published: August 2020

Recently, vertical axis wind turbine specially Savonius type due to their positive properties and capabilities have picked up a significant consideration. This article deals with the use of artificial neural network to predict optimum blade shape design for enhanced power coefficient value for savonius wind turbine at low wind speed numerically with commercial code software ANSYS-CFX. The simulations included the analysis of many models used to learn artificial neural network to predict the optimum blade shape of savonius wind turbine at wind speed 3m/s and tip speed ratio TSR of 0.8. The performance of optimal and conventional model is studied at wide range of TSR (0.2-1.2). The obtained enhancement ratio in power coefficient is 55%. The obtained results point out that optimal blade shape Savonius wind turbine is better than semicircular blade at rang of TSR (0.6-1.1) that mean is more suitable for applying in urban area environment where the complex condition and low wind speed range.
The effect of aspect ratio on heat transfer in a square cavity filled with a porous medium
Authors: Theeb M A
Published: August 2020

Two dimensional mathematical model of an enclosure filled with a porous medium and heated from the lower end with various values of the width to height ratio (aspect ratio) has been studied in the present article. A two dimensional free convection model has been solved numerically using finite difference technique to evaluate the streamlines, isotherm lines, and the average Nusslet number. The set values where; Rayleigh number of 106, Prandtl number of 0.72, and aspect ratio ranging from 1:4 to 4:1. The model has been validated and the results showed that the aspect ratio has a clear effect on the average Nusselt number and that increasing the flow rate for aspect ratio form 1:4 to 4:1.
Numerical Investigation of 2D Turbulent Flow past a Circular Cylinder at Lower Subcritical Reynolds Number
Authors: Sowoud K M , Al-Filfily A A , Abed B H.
Published: August 2020

The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the applicability of the standard k-ε turbulence model in engineering practice in the subcritical flow regimes. Also, examine the influence of Reynolds number variation on the flow characteristics are considered. The numerically simulation of the flow characteristics over a smooth uniform cross section circular cylinder with a diameter of 50 mm and 400mm span, placed horizontally perpendicular to the main flow direction at four different Reynolds numbers (Re) based on the cylinder diameter (D) and the undisturbed free-stream velocity in the range Re=(0.5,0.7,0.85 and 1.0) ×105 were performed. The simulated results of the flow properties such as flow stream velocity components, pressure distribution contours, pressure coefficient (Cp) and drag coefficient(CD) around the circular cylinder were consider. The numerical analysis obtain by CFD using ANSYS FLUNET (19.1) with K-ε turbulence model, for solving the 2D (ANSE) governing equation for tested model were consider. The present simulation results validation is obtained by comparing the converged results with published numerical and experimental data.
Determination of Wind Shear Coefficients and Conditions of Atmospheric Stability for Three Iraqi Sites
Authors: Resen Ali K , Khamees Ahmed B , Yaseen Saif F
Published: August 2020

The coefficient of wind shear at low and high frequencies, from diurnal and seasonal variations to disturbance caused by weather patterns, is subject to temporal fluctuations, but in many cases, the coefficient of wind shear assumed as a constant. This presumption causes major resource management errors, raises instability in projects and potentially affects the ability to control the wind turbines connected to the grid. Hourly average of 10 m wind speed with a standard (50 m) height employed to estimate the WSC with the well-known power equation for the wind profile law. This paper estimates WSC from wind speed data on three sites in Iraq. Monthly wind speed and wind direction changes were determined for these locations. The variations of WSC in one year are (0.23, 0.2, and 0.35) for Al-Shehabi, Al-Najaf, and Al-Fajer respectively. In the summer months (June to September) it is obvious that average wind speeds in all select areas increase while in other seasons they are almost decreasing. The WSC had neural diurnal and monthly variations. Due to the increased temperature at this period of year, WSC has decreased at mid-day, and this is valid for all studied site during the winter and summer days. The stability of atmosphere conditions was determined as stable, stable, and strongly stable for Al-Shehabi, Al-Najaf and Al-Fajer sites respectively.