bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nucleic acid aptamer application in diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer based on cell-SELEX technology
Authors: Chen Chan , Zhou Shan , Cai Yongqiang , Tang Faqing
Published: November 2017

Nucleic acid aptamers are a class of high-affinity nucleic acid ligands. They serve as “chemical antibodies” since their high affinity and specificity. Nucleic acid aptamers are generated from nucleic acid random-sequence using a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology. SELEX is a process of effectively selecting aptamers from different targets. A newly developed cell-based SELEX technique has been widely used in biomarker discovery, early diagnosis and targeted cancer therapy, particular at colorectal cancer (CRC). Combined with nanostructures, nano-aptamer-drug delivery system was constructed for drug delivery. Various nanostructures functionalized with aptamers are highly efficient and has been used in CRC therapeutic applications. In the present, we introduce a cell- SELEX technique, and summarize the potential application of aptamers as biomarkers in CRC diagnosis and therapy. And some characteristics of aptamer-targeted nanocarriers in CRC have been expatiated. The challenges and perspectives for cell-SELEX are also discussed.
High-performance Organic Photovoltaic Donor Polymers
Authors: Wadsworth Andrew , Baran Derya , Gorman Jeffrey , McCulloch Iain
Published: November 2017

The field of organic photovoltaics has advanced a great deal over the last decade, with device efficiencies now exceeding 11%. A large part of this success can be attributed to the development of donor polymer materials, from their humble beginnings as homopolymers to the highly tuned push–pull copolymer and terpolymer materials that are now being reported on a regular basis. Through the careful use of chemical modification, it has been possible to design and synthesize a wide variety of donor polymers, allowing optimization of both the optoelectronic and structural properties of the materials. In doing so, more favourable active layer blends have been achieved and therefore significant improvements in device performance have been observed. Herein we discuss how the chemical design of donor polymers for organic photovoltaics has led to the emergence of high-performance materials.
Fullerenes and New Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: November 2017

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted considerable attention and are regarded as a promising alternative for the conversion of solar energy to electricity. Electron acceptor materials are one of the key components of OSCs. During the past decade, acceptor materials for OSCs have made important progress. Fullerenes and their derivatives are the traditional choices and the most successful acceptor materials to date, while new acceptors, such as fused-ring electron acceptors, have become a new hotspot in research on OSCs. This chapter introduces and illustrates the history, development and latest progress of acceptor materials in vacuum-deposited and solution-processed OSCs.
Sizing sub-diffraction limit electrosprayed droplets by structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Hollerbach Adam , Logsdon David , Iyer Kiran , Li Anyin , Schaber J. Andy , Graham Cooks R.
Published: November 2017

Electrosprayed droplets are widely studied for their role in the formation of ions at atmospheric pressure.
Highly effective target converting strategy for ultrasensitive electrochemical assay of Hg2+
Authors: Lv Jin , Xie Shunbi , Cai Wei , Zhang Jin , Tang Dianyong , Tang Ying
Published: November 2017

An electrochemical sensing system based on a highly effective Hg2+ converting strategy and RCA has been developed for the ultrasensitive detection of Hg2+.
Photoionization of environmentally polluting aromatic chlorides and nitrides on the water surface by laser and synchrotron radiations
Authors: Sato Miki , Maeda Yuki , Ishioka Toshio , Harata Akira
Published: November 2017

The detection limits and photoionization thresholds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their chlorides and nitrides on the water surface are examined using laser two-photon ionization and single-photon ionization, respectively.
Multiplexed electrochemical immunoassay for two immunoglobulin proteins based on Cd and Cu nanocrystals
Authors: Tang Dianping , Ren Jingjing , Lu Minghua
Published: November 2017

Herein, a simple and feasible electrochemical immunosensing method for simultaneous voltammetric detection of two immunoglobulin proteins, human IgG (HIgG) and rabbit IgG (RIgG), was developed using two distinguishable signal-generation tags on the same electrode.
Sensitive and reliable paper-based glucose sensing mechanisms with smartphone readout using the L*a*b* color space
Authors: Baş Deniz
Published: November 2017

Paper-based assay platforms play an important role among rapid test methods.
Temperature dependent excited state relaxation of a red emitting DNA-templated silver nanocluster
Authors: Cerretani Cecilia , Carro-Temboury Miguel R. , Krause Stefan , Bogh Sidsel Ammitzbøll , Vosch Tom
Published: November 2017

The average fluorescence decay time of DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters is temperature dependent and could find applications in nanothermometry.
Folded short azapeptide for conformation switching-based fluorescence sensing
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Yan Xiao-Sheng , Li Xiao-Rui , Cao Jin-Lian , Li Zhao , Jiang Yun-Bao
Published: November 2017

Dipeptide-based amidothiourea (azapeptides) bearing folded β-turn structures were employed to build beacon-like fluorescent sensors signalled by pyrene exciplex or excimer dual emission to allow highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescence sensing of an anion able to bind to the structural moiety placed within the turn structure.
Controlling the length of self-assembled nanotubes by sonication followed by polymer wrapping
Authors: Ji Mingyang , Daniels Brian , Shieh Aileen , Modarelli David A. , Parquette Jon R.
Published: November 2017

In this work, we report that sonication, followed by polymer-wrapping, is an effective strategy to reduce the length of self-assembled nanotubes and suspend their propensity to self-heal into their elongated precursors.
Supramolecular block copolymers for gene delivery: enhancement of transfection efficiency by charge regulation
Authors: Yasen Wumaier , Dong Ruijiao , Zhou Linzhu , Huang Yu , Guo Dongbo , Chen Dong , Li Chuanlong , Aini Aliya , Zhu Xinyuan
Published: November 2017

A charge controlled supramolecular block copolymer exhibits significantly enhanced gene delivery efficacy in cancer cells without sacrificing the biocompatibility.
Correction: Novel chemical probes for the investigation of nonribosomal peptide assembly
Authors: Ho Y. T. Candace , Leng Daniel J. , Ghiringhelli Francesca , Wilkening Ina , Bushell Dexter P. , Kostner Otto , Riva Elena , Havemann Judith , Passarella Daniele , Tosin Manuela
Published: November 2017

Correction for ‘Novel chemical probes for the investigation of nonribosomal peptide assembly’ by Y. T. Candace Ho et al., Chem. Commun., 2017, 53, 7088–7091.
Isolated complexes of the amino acid arginine with polyether and polyamine macrocycles, the role of proton transfer
Authors: Avilés-Moreno Juan Ramón , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos , Martínez-Haya Bruno
Published: November 2017

Protonated arginine interacts with 12-crown-4 through the guanidinium side group. In the complex with the N-substituted analog cyclen, the dominant conformation is the result of the proton transfer from the carboxylic acid group of the amino acid to the macrocycle.
What factors determine the stability of a weak protein–protein interaction in a charged aqueous droplet?
Authors: Oh Myong In , Consta Styliani
Published: November 2017

Maintaining the interface of a weak transient protein complex transferred from bulk solution to the gaseous stateviaevaporating droplets is a critical question in the detection of the complex association (dissociation) constant by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).
An insight into intrinsic interfacial properties between Li metals and Li10GeP2S12 solid electrolytes
Authors: Chen Bingbing , Ju Jiangwei , Ma Jun , Zhang Jianjun , Xiao Ruijuan , Cui Guanglei , Chen Liquan
Published: November 2017

The interface of Li metals and Li10GeP2S12 solid electrolytes.
Floppy molecules as candidates for achieving optoelectronic molecular devices without skeletal rearrangement or bond breaking
Authors: Bâldea Ioan
Published: November 2017

Illumination can change the torsional angle of floppy molecules, a behavior that can be used to fabricate molecular photoswitches and photoresistances.
Non-noble metal-catalysed carbonylative transformations
Authors: Li Yahui , Hu Yuya , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: November 2017

The main achievements on non-noble metal (Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni) catalysed carbonylative transformations have been summarized and discussed.
Solid acids: potential catalysts for alkene–isoalkane alkylation
Authors: Singhal Shailey , Agarwal Shilpi , Arora Shefali , Singhal Naveen , Kumar Amit
Published: November 2017

Production of high-octane gasoline is important to improve upon the performance and hence economics of oil companies worldwide.
Selective conversion of lactic acid to acrylic acid over alkali and alkaline-earth metal co-modified NaY zeolites
Authors: Zhang Lili , Theng De Sheng , Du Yonghua , Xi Shibo , Huang Lin , Gao Feng , Wang Chuan , Chen Luwei , Borgna Armando
Published: November 2017

A high AA selectivity of 84% was achieved through an environmentally friendly and sustainable catalytic process.
Protein-templated gold nanoparticle synthesis: protein organization, controlled gold sequestration, and unexpected reaction products
Authors: Hart Cassidy , Abuladel Nouf , Bee Madeleine , Kreider Megan C. , CVitan Alexander C. , Esson Moira M. , Farag Andrew , Ibeh Trisha , Kalivas Eleni N. , Larco Daniel-Mario , Walker Long Andrew , Lymperopoulos Loukas , Mendel Zachary , Miles Nancy , Zareba Carly M. , Schwabacher James C. , Slucher Helen , Vinals Javier , Heddleston John M. , Li Wenyue , Fox Douglas M. , Hartings Matthew R.
Published: November 2017

Protein-based nanoparticle templating reactions show faster kinetics and novel products at low concentrations.
High adjuvant activity of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles and nanosheets in anti-tumour vaccine formulations
Authors: Yan Shiyu , Gu Wenyi , Zhang Bing , Rolfe Barbara E. , Xu Zhi Ping
Published: November 2017

OVA-CpG combined vaccines adjuvanted with both layered double hydroxide nanomaterials induced significantly stronger humoral and cell-medicated immune responses.
An ultra-small, multi-point, and multi-color photo-detection system with high sensitivity and high dynamic range
Authors: Anazawa Takashi , Yamazaki Motohiro
Published: November 2017

Fluorescence from four emission points is collimated by four lenses, split into four-color fluxes by four dichroic mirrors, and directly input into the image sensor.
Lab-on-capillary: a rapid, simple and quantitative genetic analysis platform integrating nucleic acid extraction, amplification and detection
Authors: Fu Yu , Zhou Xiaoming , Xing Da
Published: November 2017

A PDDA-modified functionalized capillary integrated with a liquid-based thermalization system is developed for genetic analysis in a simple and rapid format.
General oriented assembly of uniform carbon-confined metal oxide nanodots on graphene for stable and ultrafast lithium storage
Authors: Meng Jiashen , Liu Ziang , Niu Chaojiang , Xu Linhan , Wang Xuanpeng , Li Qi , Wei Xiujuan , Yang Wei , Huang Lei , Mai Liqiang
Published: November 2017

A series of uniform carbon-confined metal oxide nanodots on graphene were synthesized using a nicely-designed process, which displayed stable and ultrafast lithium storage.
Antipseudomonal activity enhancement of luminescent iridium(iii) dipyridylamine complexes under visible blue light
Authors: Sauvageot E. , Elie M. , Gaillard S. , Daniellou R. , Fechter P. , Schalk I. J. , Gasser V. , Renaud J.-L. , Mislin G. L. A.
Published: November 2017

The antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa of the biotin or glycoside derivative of iridium(iii)-dipyridylamine complexes is potentiated by blue light.
Green biosynthesis of CuO & Ag–CuO nanoparticles from Malus domestica leaf extract and evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant and DNA cleavage activities
Authors: Jadhav Mangesh S. , Kulkarni Sameer , Raikar Prasad , Barretto Delicia A. , Vootla Shyam Kumar , Raikar U. S.
Published: November 2017

The reactivity of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles of copper and silver towards in vitro study has been quantitatively investigated.
Fluorescence quenching-based signal amplification on immunochromatography test strips for dual-mode sensing of two biomarkers of breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Bo , Ma Wenjuan , Li Fuxin , Gao Weichen , Zhao Qian , Peng Weipan , Piao Jiafang , Wu Xiaoli , Wang Hanjie , Gong Xiaoqun , Chang Jin
Published: November 2017

A dual-mode biosensor for sensing two biomarkers in a single assay based on the magnetic enrichment and fluorescence-quenching.
Coupled flower-like Bi2S3 and graphene aerogels for superior sodium storage performance
Authors: Zhang Yu , Fan Lishuang , Wang Pengxiang , Yin Yanyou , Zhang XinYu , Zhang Naiqing , Sun Kening
Published: November 2017

Bi2S3/graphene aerogels as high rate performance anode material for sodium ion batteries.
Photopolymerization processes of thick films and in shadow areas: a review for the access to composites
Authors: Garra Patxi , Dietlin Céline , Morlet-Savary Fabrice , Dumur Frédéric , Gigmes Didier , Fouassier Jean-Pierre , Lalevée Jacques
Published: November 2017

The state of the art for the access to thick samples by photopolymerization processes as well as some perspectives are provided.
Vertical Bi2Se3 flake array as a Pt-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Han Manshu , Lu Shuang , Ma Jiangang , Xu Haiyang , Wang Yinglin , Zhang Xintong , Liu Yichun
Published: November 2017

Vertical Bi2Se3 flake arrays work as counter-electrode in DSSCs due to its high electrical conductivity and abundance of catalytic active sites.
Smart anti-corrosion self-healing zinc metal-based molybdate functionalized-mesoporous-silica (MCM-41) nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Alipour Katayoon , Nasirpouri Farzad
Published: November 2017

Smart corrosion-resistant zinc-based composite coatings containing mesoporous silica (MCM-41), impregnated with molybdate are introduced as a metal based self healing material.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-(2-(adamantane-1-yl)-1H-indol-5-yl)-3-substituted urea/thiourea derivatives as anticancer agents
Authors: Hu Hongyu , Lin Chunrong , Ao Mingtao , Ji Yufen , Tang Bowen , Zhou Xiaoxiao , Fang Meijuan , Zeng Jinzhang , Wu Zhen
Published: November 2017

A series of novel 2,5-disubstituted indole derivatives were synthesized. Compounds 7n, 7s, and 7w induced Nur77-expression in a time- and dose- dependent manner in H460 cells. Furthermore, Nur77 served as a critical mediator for the anticancer action of 7s.
Detection methods for Pseudomonas aeruginosa: history and future perspective
Authors: Tang Yongjun , Ali Zeeshan , Zou Jun , Jin Gang , Zhu Junchen , Yang Jian , Dai Jianguo
Published: November 2017

The current review summarized and analyzed the development of detection techniques forPseudomonas aeruginosaover the past 50 years.
Blended additive manipulated morphology and crystallinity transformation toward high performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Dan , Li Chongwen , Zhang Cuiping , Wang Zaiwei , Zhang Huawei , Tian Jintao , Pang Shuping
Published: November 2017

The morphology and crystallinity of MAPbI3thin films were regulated using blended-additive engineering for high performance perovskite solar cells.
Diastereodivergent asymmetric Michael-alkylation reactions using chiralN,N′-dioxide/metal complexes
Authors: Kuang Yulong , Shen Bin , Dai Li , Yao Qian , Liu Xiaohua , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: November 2017

A diastereodivergent asymmetric cascade Michael-alkylation by switching the alkylation step of intramolecular trapping of the aza-ortho-xylylene intermediate or direct SN2 substitution has been developed.
The price of flexibility – a case study on septanoses as pyranose mimetics
Authors: Sager Christoph P. , Fiege Brigitte , Zihlmann Pascal , Vannam Raghu , Rabbani Said , Jakob Roman P. , Preston Roland C. , Zalewski Adam , Maier Timm , Peczuh Mark W. , Ernst Beat
Published: November 2017

Interacting with lectins, mannose can be mimicked with seven-membered ring analogues but at the price of a substantial entropy penalty.
Revealing how molten salts promote CO2 capture on CaO via an impedance study and sorption kinetics simulation
Authors: Huang Liang , Xu Chunming , Ren Rongzheng , Zheng Qianwen , Wang Zhenhua , Louis Benoît , Wang Qiang
Published: November 2017

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses were utilised to explore the oxygen ion conductivity of alkali metal salts promoted CaO.
Halogen-induced internal heavy-atom effect shortening the emissive lifetime and improving the fluorescence efficiency of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters
Authors: Xiang Yepeng , Zhao Yongbiao , Xu Nan , Gong Shaolong , Ni Fan , Wu Kailong , Luo Jiajia , Xie Guohua , Lu Zheng-Hong , Yang Chuluo
Published: November 2017

A halogenating electron acceptor is demonstrated as a feasible strategy for shortening emissive lifetimes while improving the fluorescence efficiency of TADF emitters.
Structure-based discovery of cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitors
Authors: Martin Mathew P. , Endicott Jane A. , Noble Martin E.M.
Published: November 2017

The cell fate-determining roles played by members of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) family explain why their dysregulation can promote proliferative diseases, and identify them as potential targets for drug discovery in oncology and beyond. After many years of research, the first efficacious CDK inhibitors have now been registered for clinical use in a defined segment of breast cancer. Research is underway to identify inhibitors with appropriate CDK-inhibitory profiles to recapitulate this success in other disease settings. Here, we review the structural data that illustrate the interactions and properties that confer upon inhibitors affinity and/or selectivity toward different CDK family members. We conclude that where CDK inhibitors display selectivity, that selectivity derives from exploiting active site sequence peculiarities and/or from the capacity of the target CDK(s) to access conformations compatible with optimizing inhibitor–target interactions.
Molecular recognition of ternary complexes: a new dimension in the structure-guided design of chemical degraders
Authors: Hughes Scott J. , Ciulli Alessio
Published: November 2017

Molecular glues and bivalent inducers of protein degradation (also known as PROTACs) represent a fascinating new modality in pharmacotherapeutics: the potential to knockdown previously thought ‘undruggable’ targets at sub-stoichiometric concentrations in ways not possible using conventional inhibitors. Mounting evidence suggests these chemical agents, in concert with their target proteins, can be modelled as three-body binding equilibria that can exhibit significant cooperativity as a result of specific ligand-induced molecular recognition. Despite this, many existing drug design and optimization regimens still fixate on binary target engagement, in part due to limited structural data on ternary complexes. Recent crystal structures of protein complexes mediated by degrader molecules, including the first PROTAC ternary complex, underscore the importance of protein–protein interactions and intramolecular contacts to the mode of action of this class of compounds. These discoveries have opened the door to a new paradigm for structure-guided drug design: borrowing surface area and molecular recognition from nature to elicit cellular signalling.
Effect of spectrum sensing and transmission duration on spectrum hole utilisation in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Nam Haewoon
Published: November 2017

This study presents the trade‐off between probability of spectrum hole utilisation (PSHU) and sensing time duration of secondary user (SU) in cognitive radio networks. On the basis of the analytical formulations of PSHU, it is shown that there exist an optimal sensing time duration and the optimal length of time frame for a given mean idle time of primary user (PU). Unlike the existing works, a frame structure of SUs with a fixed length of time frames is considered. The effect of both sensing and transmission time of SUs over PSHU is considered simultaneously. As increasing sensing time duration to improve the probability of detection for PU's presence or absence leads to a reduction in transmission time, which may further decrease PSHU. The numerical and simulation results show that using the optimal sensing time duration (which leads toward the optimal reduction in transmission time) and the optimal length of time frame provides the maximum PSHU.
Multiple features extraction and selection for detection and classification of stator winding faults
Authors: Haroun Smail , Seghir Amirouche Nait , Touati Said
Published: November 2017

In this study, a new effective approach for detection and classification of stator winding faults in induction motors is presented. The approach is based on current analysis. It uses multiple features extraction techniques, where Park transform, zero crossing time signal, and the envelope are extracted from the three‐phase stator currents. Then, statistical features are calculated from time and frequency domains of each extracted signal. The Features selection techniques (ReliefF, minimum redundancy and max relevancy, and support vector machine approach based on recursive feature elimination) are used to select from the extracted features the most relevant ones. As a classifier, the self‐organising map neural network is used. The proposed procedure is experimentally studied using stator current signals obtained from various faulty cases and a healthy induction motor at different load variations. The experimental results verify that the proposed strategy is able to distinguish the faulty cases from the healthy ones. Also, it effectively identifies the faulty phase in addition to the extent of the fault.
Decentralised load frequency control for power systems with communication delays via active disturbance rejection
Authors: Fu Caifen , Tan Wen
Published: November 2017

A decentralised load frequency control (LFC) for multi‐area power systems with communication delays is studied. Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method is adopted to handle the communication delays. First the conventional ADRC is tuned via the bandwidth method and it is shown that the achievable performance for delayed systems is no better than proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers. Then a modified ADRC structure is discussed and it is shown that the achievable performance is limited by the controller bandwidth. In order to improve the performance, a method to tune the parameters of ADRC is proposed via the internal model control method. Simulation results show that the proposed method is easy to apply and can achieve good damping performance.
Improvement of an electro‐thermal model of SiC MPS diodes
Authors: Starzak Łukasz , Stefanskyi Andrii , Zubert Mariusz , Napieralski Andrzej
Published: November 2017

This study presents improvements introduced in a behavioural electro‐thermal model of silicon carbide merged PIN‐Schottky (SiC MPS) diodes, aimed at a better representation of device characteristics for a more accurate prediction of power dissipation. In the electrical domain, the junction capacitance model has been thoroughly validated with a new parameter extraction procedure, yielding realistic values of the turn‐off charge as well as current and voltage waveforms for various operating conditions, which is crucial for dynamic loss evaluation. The validity of the thermal sub‐model has been extended by reflecting the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity. As a result, temperature evolution on both the long and short time scales is properly computed, providing correct on‐state voltage drop and on‐state power loss results. Device behaviour with a heat sink attached is also correctly simulated.
Recent Progress on Radical Decarboxylative Alkylation for Csp3–C Bond Formation
Authors: Bao Hongli , Li Yajun , Ge Liang , Muhammad Munira
Published: November 2017

Radical decarboxylation has emerged as an attractive method for the formation of C–C bonds starting from easily accessible carboxylic acids. In this review, we attempt to bring the readers up to date in this rapidly expanding field. Specifically, we will cover recent advances in Csp3–C bond formation via the radical decarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids and their activated forms, such as N-hydroxyphthalimide esters (NHP esters), alkyl diacyl peroxides, alkyl peresters, and aryliodine(III) dicarboxylates. The scope and limitation of these transformations will be discussed, highlighting gaps in knowledge and research and examining the mechanisms underlying radical decarboxylation. We aim to make this review a stepping stone for further development in this field.

1 Introduction

2 Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

3 N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters (NHP Esters)

4 Alkyl Diacyl Peroxides

5 Alkyl Peresters

6 Aryliodine(III) Dicarboxylates

7 Conclusion
Stereospecific Nickel-Catalyzed Borylation of Secondary Benzyl Pivalates
Authors: Martin R. , Martin-Montero R. , Krolikowski T. , Zarate C. , Manzano R.
Published: November 2017

A stereoselective nickel-catalyzed direct borylation of enantioenriched secondary benzyl pivalates is described. This methodology is characterized by an intriguing cooperativity of simple nickel and copper salts to promote the targeted C–B bond formation under mild reaction conditions. Unlike classical SN2-type processes, this protocol occurs with a neat retention of configuration, resulting in synthetically versatile benzyl boronic esters with excellent stereochemical fidelity.
C–S Bond Alkynylation of Diaryl Sulfoxides with Terminal Alkynes by Means of a Palladium–NHC Catalyst
Authors: Yorimitsu Hideki , Yoshida Yuto , Nogi Keisuke
Published: November 2017

Sonogashira–Hagihara-type alkynylation of diaryl sulfoxides with unactivated terminal alkynes has been developed. With a combination of a palladium–NHC catalyst and LiOtBu as a base, a series of diaryl sulfoxides were converted into the alkynylated products via C–S bond cleavage.
Evaluation of the Relation Between Omentin-1 and Vitamin D in Postmenopausal Women With or Without Osteoporosis
Authors: Dikker Okan , Bekpinar Seldag , Ozdemirler Gul , Uysal Mujdat , Vardar Muberra , Atar Sevgi , Usta Murat , Huner Berrin
Published: November 2017

Introduction Crosstalk between bone and adipose tissues is implicated in several pathologic conditions related to bone metabolism. Omentin-1, a 34-kD protein, is released from omental adipose tissue. A few studies indicated the effect of omentin-1 on bone health and bone mineral density (BMD) and the interaction of omentin-1 with vitamin D. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between omentin-1, vitamin D, and BMD in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis compared with non-osteoporotic counterparts.

Materials and methods Forty postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP), 40 counterparts without OP, and 30 premenopausal women were enrolled. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry results, body mass index, and some demographic and biochemical data were recorded. Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Serum omentin-1 was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results Omentin-1 levels tended to increase in both postmenopausal women groups compared with the control group, but this increase was significant only in women with osteoporosis. Vitamin D levels were not different between the groups. When women were categorized according to vitamin D levels, women with normal vitamin D levels had significantly higher omentin-1 levels. A positive correlation was found between omentin-1 and vitamin D levels in all groups (r=0.197, p=0.041, n=110).

Conclusion The tendency to an increase in omentin-1 levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis may be due to a physiologic compensation against bone loss after menopause. The linear relationship between omentin-1 and vitamin D suggests that adipose tissue is one of the target tissues for the vitamin D effect.
Plasma Free Fatty Acids Metabolic Profile Among Uyghurs and Kazaks With or Without Type 2 Diabetes Based on GC-MS
Authors: Ma Xiao-li , Meng Lei , Li Lin-lin , Ma Li-na , Mao Xin-min
Published: November 2017

Free fatty acids (FFAs) participate in a variety of physiological functions. FFAs are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Uyghurs and Kazaks have a different prevalence of T2DM, which cannot be explained by traditional risk factors. This study aimed to examine FFAs as potential biomarkers to distinguish between healthy and T2DM Uyghurs and Kazaks. This was a prospective study conducted at the Xianjiang Medical University from 01/2007 to 06/2010 in Uyghurs and Kazaks. The subjects were grouped as T2DM patients (Uyghurs: n=39; Kazaks, n=21) and controls (Uyghurs: n=35; Kazaks, n=40). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were used to study the FFA profiles between Uyghurs and Kazaks with T2DM. PLS-DA analysis showed that among Kazaks, T2DM patients had lower C22:6, C18:3 n-6, and C20:3 n-6, but higher C22:0 levels compared with controls. Among Uyghurs, the most important variables to discriminate T2DM patients from controls were higher C22:6 and C20:4 n-6, and lower C22:0, C14:1, C18:3 n6, and C20:3 n6. Kazaks and Uyghurs displayed different FFA profiles between patients with T2DM and controls. These results suggest different risk factors and pathogenesis of T2DM between Kazaks and Uyghurs.
Crossing between the Great Wall of China and the “Great” Trump Wall
Authors: Yang Mimi
Published: November 2017

Can a border wall really deter invaders and crossers alike, while defending, unifying, and maintaining the “purity” of the culture that it encircles? The first Chinese emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210 BC) and his successors in the following dynasties tried to achieve the purpose; the Great Wall of China testifies timelessly to such epic efforts. Have the Chinese rulers succeeded? The question has become increasingly daunting and unanswerable as history unfolds and evolves. Ironically, over more than two millennia, the piecemeal erection of the Great Wall has indeed sequenced a ‘wall-DNA’ in a cultural blueprint. Fast forwarding to the 21st century America, we find ourselves asking the same questions when President Trump vows to build a “great, great” wall, physical and impenetrable on the US-Mexico border. The Trump Wall is designed to stop Mexican illegal immigrants entering the US so that Americans’ interests will be protected, English language will not be “contaminated”, and American values will not be challenged. The Trump wall sets out to delineate what America is and thus attempts to “make America great again”. In an intercultural engagement, this article decodes a wall-DNA in American culture, argues that the Trump wll is more of a mental construct than a physical one, and calls for a redefinition of a 21st century American cultural identity, in front of the Trump Wall.
Attosecond-scale absorption at extreme intensities
Authors: Savin A. F. , Ross A. J. , Serzans M. , Trines R. M. G. M. , Ceurvorst L. , Ratan N. , Spiers B. , Bingham R. , Robinson A. P. L. , Norreys P. A.
Published: November 2017

A novel non-ponderomotive absorption mechanism, originally presented by Baeva et al. [Phys. Plasmas 18, 056702 (2011)] in one dimension, is extended into higher dimensions for the first time. This absorption mechanism, the Zero Vector Potential (ZVP), is expected to dominate the interactions of ultra-intense laser pulses with critically over-dense plasmas such as those that are expected with the Extreme Light Infrastructure laser systems. It is shown that the mathematical form of the ZVP mechanism and its key scaling relations found by Baeva et al. in 1D are identically reproduced in higher dimensions. The two dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are then used to validate both the qualitative and quantitative predictions of the theory.
A novel optical rotary encoder with eccentricity self-detection ability
Authors: Li Xuan , Ye Guoyong , Liu Hongzhong , Ban Yaowen , Shi Yongsheng , Yin Lei , Lu Bingheng
Published: November 2017

Eccentricity error is the main error source of optical rotary encoders. Real-time detection and compensation of the eccentricity error is an effective way of improving the accuracy of rotary optical encoders. In this paper, a novel rotary optical encoder is presented to realize eccentricity self-detection. The proposed encoder adopts a spider-web-patterned scale grating as a measuring standard which is scanned by a dual-head scanning unit. Two scanning heads of the dual-head scanning unit, which are arranged orthogonally, have the function of scanning the periodic pattern of the scale grating along the angular and radial directions, respectively. By this means, synchronous measurement of angular and radial displacements of the scale grating is realized. This paper gives the details of the operating principle of the rotary optical encoder, developing and testing work of a prototype. The eccentricity self-detection result agrees well with the result measured by an optical microscope. The experimental result preliminarily proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optical encoder.
Using periodic orbits to compute chaotic transport rates between resonance zones
Authors: Sattari Sulimon , Mitchell Kevin A.
Published: November 2017

Transport properties of chaotic systems are computable from data extracted from periodic orbits. Given a sufficient number of periodic orbits, the escape rate can be computed using the spectral determinant, a function that incorporates the eigenvalues and periods of periodic orbits. The escape rate computed from periodic orbits converges to the true value as more and more periodic orbits are included. Escape from a given region of phase space can be computed by considering only periodic orbits that lie within the region. An accurate symbolic dynamics along with a corresponding partitioning of phase space is useful for systematically obtaining all periodic orbits up to a given period, to ensure that no important periodic orbits are missing in the computation. Homotopic lobe dynamics (HLD) is an automated technique for computing accurate partitions and symbolic dynamics for maps using the topological forcing of intersections of stable and unstable manifolds of a few periodic anchor orbits. In this study, we apply the HLD technique to compute symbolic dynamics and periodic orbits, which are then used to find escape rates from different regions of phase space for the Hénon map. We focus on computing escape rates in parameter ranges spanning hyperbolic plateaus, which are parameter intervals where the dynamics is hyperbolic and the symbolic dynamics does not change. After the periodic orbits are computed for a single parameter value within a hyperbolic plateau, periodic orbit continuation is used to compute periodic orbits over an interval that spans the hyperbolic plateau. The escape rates computed from a few thousand periodic orbits agree with escape rates computed from Monte Carlo simulations requiring hundreds of billions of orbits.
Crack initiation and potential hot-spot formation around a cylindrical defect under dynamic compression
Authors: Ma Xiao , Li Xinguo , Zheng Xianxu , Li Kewu , Hu Qiushi , Li Jianling
Published: November 2017

In recent decades, the hot-spot theory of condensed-phase explosives has been a compelling focus of scientific investigation attracting many researchers. The defect in the polymeric binder of the polymer-bonded explosive is called the intergranular defect. In this study, the real polymeric binder was substituted by poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as it is transparent and has similar thermodynamic properties to some binders. A set of modified split Hopkinson pressure bars equipped with a time-resolved shadowgraph was used to study the process of crack initiation and potential hot-spot formation around a cylindrical defect in PMMA. The new and significant phenomenon that the opening-mode crack emerged earlier than the shearing-mode crack from the cylindrical defect has been published for the first time in this paper. Furthermore, a two-dimensional numerical simulation was performed to show the evolution of both the stress field and the temperature field. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experiment. Finally, the law of potential hot-spot formation is discussed in detail.
Transmission properties and physical mechanisms of X-ray communication for blackout mitigation during spacecraft reentry
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Li Huan , Li Yanlong , Hang Shuang , Tang Xiaobin
Published: November 2017

Recent advances in X-ray science have witnessed the X-ray communication (XCOM), a new revolutionary technology first proposed by NASA since 2007. In combination with the advanced modulated X-ray source, XCOM shows a promising prospect for helping to alleviate the occurrence of inevitable blackout communication by using the regular radio frequency (RF) signal, paving the way towards realizing real-time communication during spacecraft reentry into atmosphere. Here, we acquired the detailed information of electron density distribution of plasma sheath encountered during vehicle reentry through Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. Based on these derived parameters, Finite-difference Time-domain method was employed to investigate the transmission properties of X-rays through the plasma sheath, and the results indicated that X-ray transmission was not influenced by the reentry plasma sheath at different reentry altitudes and spacecraft surface positions compared with RF signal. In addition, 2D Particle-In-Cell simulation was also adopted to provide deeper insight into the transmission properties and physical mechanisms of X-ray carrier propagating through the plasma sheath, and results showed that the transmission coefficient was over 0.994 and the observation of plasma channel effect was also an important signature, which was of great importance to X-ray propagating through the plasma sheath.
Coverage dependent molecular assembly of anthraquinone on Au(111)
Authors: DeLoach Andrew S. , Conrad Brad R. , Einstein T. L. , Dougherty Daniel B.
Published: November 2017

A scanning tunneling microscopy study of anthraquinone (AQ) on the Au(111) surface shows that the molecules self-assemble into several structures depending on the local surface coverage. At high coverages, a close-packed saturated monolayer is observed, while at low coverages, mobile surface molecules coexist with stable chiral hexamer clusters. At intermediate coverages, a disordered 2D porous network interlinking close-packed islands is observed in contrast to the giant honeycomb networks observed for the same molecule on Cu(111). This difference verifies the predicted extreme sensitivity [J. Wyrick et al., Nano Lett. 11, 2944 (2011)] of the pore network to small changes in the surface electronic structure. Quantitative analysis of the 2D pore network reveals that the areas of the vacancy islands are distributed log-normally. Log-normal distributions are typically associated with the product of random variables (multiplicative noise), and we propose that the distribution of pore sizes for AQ on Au(111) originates from random linear rate constants for molecules to either desorb from the surface or detach from the region of a nucleated pore.
Electromagnetic characteristics of systems of prolate and oblate ellipsoids
Authors: Karimi Pouyan , Amiri-Hezaveh Amirhossein , Ostoja-Starzewski Martin , Jin Jian-Ming
Published: November 2017

The present study suggests a novel model for simulating electromagnetic characteristics of spheroidal nanofillers. The electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of prolate and oblate ellipsoids in the X-band frequency range is studied. Different multilayered nanocomposite configurations incorporating carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, and carbon blacks are fabricated and tested. The best performance for a specific thickness is observed for the multilayered composite with a gradual increase in the thickness and electrical conductivity of layers. The simulation results based on the proposed model are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The effect of filler alignment on shielding efficiency is also studied by using the nematic order parameter. The ability of a nanocomposite to shield the incident power is found to decrease by increasing alignment especially for high volume fractions of prolate fillers. The interaction of the electromagnetic wave and the fillers is mainly affected by the polarization of the electric field; when the electric field is perpendicular to the equatorial axis of a spheroid, the interaction is significantly reduced and results in a lower shielding efficiency. Apart from the filler alignment, size polydispersity is found to have a significant effect on reflected and transmitted powers. It is demonstrated that the nanofillers with a higher aspect ratio mainly contribute to the shielding performance. The results are of interest in both shielding structures and microwave absorbing materials.
Spectroscopic characterization of the complex of vinyl radical and carbon dioxide: Matrix isolation and ab initio study
Authors: Ryazantsev Sergey V. , Tyurin Daniil A. , Feldman Vladimir I. , Khriachtchev Leonid
Published: November 2017

We report on the preparation and vibrational characterization of the C2H3⋯CO2 complex, the first example of a stable intermolecular complex involving vinyl radicals. This complex was prepared in Ar and Kr matrices using UV photolysis of propiolic acid (HC3OOH) and subsequent thermal mobilization of H atoms. This preparation procedure provides vinyl radicals formed exclusively as a complex with CO2, without the presence of either CO2 or C2H3 monomers. The absorption bands corresponding to the ν5(C2H3), ν7(C2H3), ν8(C2H3), ν2(CO2), and ν3(CO2) modes of the C2H3⋯CO2 complex were detected experimentally. The calculations at the UCCSD(T)/L2a level of theory predict two structures of the C2H3⋯CO2 complex with Cs and C1 symmetries and interaction energies of −1.92 and −5.19 kJ mol−1. The harmonic vibrational frequencies of these structures were calculated at the same level of theory. The structural assignment of the experimental species is not straightforward because of rather small complexation-induced shifts and matrix-site splitting of the bands (for both complex and monomers). We conclude that the C1 structure is the most probable candidate for the experimental C2H3⋯CO2 complex based on the significant splitting of the bending vibration of CO2 and on the energetic and structural considerations.
Surface effect investigation on multipactor in microwave components using the EM-PIC method
Authors: Li Yun , Ye Ming , He Yong-Ning , Cui Wan-Zhao , Wang Dan
Published: November 2017

Multipactor poses a great risk to microwave components in space and its accurate controllable suppression is still lacking. To evaluate the secondary electron emission (SEE) of arbitrary surface states on multipactor, metal samples fabricated with ideal smoothness, random roughness, and micro-structures on the surface are investigated through SEE experiments and multipactor simulations. An accurate quantitative relationship between the SEE parameters and the multipactor discharge threshold in practical components has been established through Electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell (EM-PIC) simulation. Simulation results of microwave components, including the impedance transformer and the coaxial filter, exhibit an intuitive correlation between the critical SEE parameters, varied due to different surface states, and multipactor thresholds. It is demonstrated that it is the surface micro-structures with certain depth and morphology that determine the average yield of secondaries, other than the random surface relieves. Both the random surface relieves and micro-structures have a scattering effect on SEE, and the yield is prone to be identical upon different elevation angles of incident electrons. It possesses a great potential in the optimization and improvement of suppression technology without the exhaustion of the technological parameter.
Effect of magnetic field on the phase transition in a dusty plasma
Authors: Jaiswal S. , Hall T. , LeBlanc S. , Mukherjee R. , Thomas E.
Published: November 2017

The formation of a self-consistent crystalline structure is a well-known phenomenon in complex plasmas. In most experiments, the pressure and rf power are the main controlling parameters in determining the phase of the system. We have studied the effect of the externally applied magnetic field on the configuration of plasma crystals, suspended in the sheath of a radio-frequency discharge using the Magnetized Dusty Plasma Experiment device. Experiments are performed at a fixed pressure and rf power where a crystalline structure is formed within a confining ring. The magnetic field is then increased from 0 to 1.28 T. We report on the breakdown of the crystalline structure with the increasing magnetic field. The magnetic field affects the dynamics of the plasma particles and first leads to a rotation of the crystal. At a higher magnetic field, there is a radial variation (shear) in the angular velocity of the moving particles which we believe to lead to the melting of the crystal. This melting is confirmed by evaluating the variation of the pair correlation function as a function of magnetic field.
Study of SiGe oxidation kinetics for preferential SiO2 formation under a low O2 pressure condition
Authors: Song Woojin , Toriumi Akira
Published: November 2017

We have studied the oxidation kinetics of SiGe as parameters of O2 pressure and temperature. This paper first discusses the SiGe oxidation experimentally and thermodynamically. It was found that Si was predominantly oxidized in the Si0.5Ge0.5 oxidation under lower O2 pressures. This fact is thermodynamically reasonable, but the Ge remaining after Si oxidation may be a big concern in terms of SiGe gate stacks, because it should form defects at the interface or inside the SiO2 film. Therefore, it is critically important to understand how the Ge atoms behave after the SiO2 formation. Second, the GeO2/Si reaction, which might be a key part to well controlled SiGe gate stacks in the preferential SiO2 formation, is discussed. Two kinds of metallic Ge formation kinetics at the SiGe interface in the annealing of GeO2/Si are conjectured: One is the metallic Ge diffusion into the Si substrate and the other is the Ge precipitation at the interface, which should be avoided for improving the SiGe interface properties. The experimental results indicate that the former case is made possible by annealing under the low O2 pressure condition in a very thin SiO2 formation region.
Substrate’s surface electrons disrupt molecular self-assembly
Authors: Wolverton Mark
Published: November 2017

Researchers using STM find that the structure of self-assembling monolayers can vary greatly depending on molecular surface coverage and the electronic structure of the substrate.