bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intramuscular Hemangioma of the Forearm with Phleboliths: A Case Report
Authors: Archana Muniswamy Reddy , Shivamurthy Archana , Shivanna Sunil
Published: July 2023

Intramuscular hemangiomas of the forearm are rare. Patients typically present with pain, discomfort, and progressive enlargement of the lesion. Diagnosis is often difficult due to their infrequency, deep location, and unfamiliar presentation. In this case report, we present a 47-year-old woman with an intramuscular hemangioma with phleboliths involving the forearm. The patient reported swelling in the right forearm for the past 20 years, which was insidious in onset, gradually progressive in size, and associated with dull aching pain. Upon examination, a soft 20×4 cm swelling was present over the right forearm involving the ulnar aspect, with a positive Tinel’s sign at mid-forearm level. Clinical differential diagnosis included lipomatosis, neurofibroma, and intramuscular hemangioma. On Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a heterogeneously enhancing serpentine lesion was noted involving the flexor compartment muscles of the right forearm. The patient underwent excision of the lesion, and histopathological examination confirmed intramuscular hemangioma. During the postoperative recovery period, all range of movements at the elbow joint and wrist were normal. No recurrence was noted up to two years of follow-up
Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario: An Innovative Model for Engagement and Equity-Based Considerations in Funding Allocations in Youth Mental Health
Authors: Henderson J. L. , Chiodo Debbie
Published: July 2023

This article describes the process used by Youth Wellness Hubs Ontario to integrate the rigour of conventional funding allocation processes with authentic engagement and equity-centred processes in youth mental health. This approach may provide a model for others aiming to implement equity and engagement funding allocation processes for integrated care.
Enhancing 2SLGBTQIA+ Student Support Through Practical Professional Development and Structured GSA Programming
Authors: Lapointe Alicia
Published: July 2023

This article explores how school staff may enhance their capacity to support and affirm 2SLGBTQIA+ youth by meaningfully participating in hands-on professional development and implementing structured mental health promotion and healthy relationships programming in gender and sexuality alliances or other educational venues.
Profit and Feasibility Analysis of Tilapia Cultivation Business in Floating Net Cages, Barito Kuala Regency
Authors: Lamo Akhmad , Mahyudin Idiannor , Agusliani Erma
Published: July 2023

Cultivators also have problems, namely reduced profits each time they harvest compared to previous years. The aim of the study was to analyze the benefits and feasibility of cultivating tilapia in floating net cages in Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan. This research was conducted in Marabahan District, City of Barito Kuala Regency, cultivating fish in floating net cages. The study used 2 respondents who were given floating net cage loan assistance from the government, but 1 respondent for feed and seeds came from their own funds. Tilapia aquaculture in floating net cages is said to be profitable if the revenue value is greater than the total expenditure. To analyze the feasibility of investing in floating net tilapia aquaculture in Barito Kuala district, calculations on investment criteria are used which include Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit Ratio (NBCR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results of the analysis of the calculation of profit (π) for tilapia cage business can be stated that the tilapia cage business of the two managers each generates profits in 3 (three) study periods, marked by the criteria TR > TC where the total business revenue is greater than the total costs incurred. issued for production. The results of the financial feasibility analysis of tilapia cage business from 2 (two) managers stated that they had met the business feasibility criteria in 3 (three) study periods. This can be seen from the Net Present Value which has a positive value and the Internal Rate of Return which is greater than the required interest rate.
KK Theory and K Theory for Type II Strings Formalism
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep , Roy Sanjeevan Singha , Sadhu Riddhima , Behera Ashis Kumar
Published: July 2023

Type-II emphasizing Type-II(B) in Ramond–Ramond Sector  has been analysed and computed from the Atiyah–Hirzebruch spectral sequence taking  sheets for the concerned values of and for for ; several varieties of K–Theories where a transitive approach has been shown from the KK–Theory to K–Theory to String Theory concerning Fredholm modules of Atiyah–Singer Index Theorem and the Baum–Connes conjecture with respect to the Hilbert–A, Hilbert–B  module and c*-algebras also in the reduced form taking Morita equivalence and the Kasparov composition product where extended relations has been provided between the equivalence of noncommutative geometry and noncommutative topology channelized through Poincaré Duality, Thom Isomorphism and Todd class.
Predictors of Bleeding after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Esa Kerols Safwat Ayob , Abdelhayi Ibtsam Khairat , Barbary Yasser El , Salama Mai Mohamed
Published: July 2023

Background: Acute coronary syndrome patient outcomes have been improved using early invasive techniques. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, location, and severity of bleeding in PCI-treated cases to identify patient risk profiles and increased bleeding occurrences.

Methods: This prospective observational study evaluated percutaneous coronary angiography in 80 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus who planned to undergo primary or elective PCI. The cases were separated into 2 groups; those who reported bleeding (n=11) and those who did not (n=69). All patients underwent physical examination, laboratory evaluation, 12-lead electrocardiography, and PCI.

Results: In univariate regression analysis, age (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.009 – 1.192), female gender (OR: 4.32, 95% CI: 1.157 – 16.131), history of peripheral arterial disease (OR: 7.31, 95% CI: 1.585 – 33.742), and femoral site of vascular access (OR: 9.6, 95% CI: 2.263 – 40.721) were independent predictors of major bleeding after PCI. In multivariate regression analysis, age (OR: 1.12, 95% CI:1.014 – 1.269), female gender (OR: 13.75, 95% CI: 1.983 – 161.2), history of peripheral arterial disease (OR: 43.38, 95% CI: 3.754 - 1042) and femoral site of vascular access (OR: 13.29, 95% CI: 2.233 – 128.5) were independent predictors of major bleeding after PCI.

Conclusions: Patients who reported bleeding after PCI had a significantly higher age, prevalence of female sex, serum creatinine, and transfemoral intervention before and after intervention compared to patients who did not report bleeding, while haemoglobin and transradial intervention before and after intervention were significantly lower in the bleeding cases than in the non-bleeding cases.
Perspectives of Secondary Metabolites in Reference to Vegetable Crops: A review
Authors: Kumar Lokesh , Bharti  , Goutam Etalesh , Choudhary Dipesh
Published: July 2023

Vegetables are known as protective food as they are a rich source of biologically active substances like vitamins, fibers, antioxidants, cholesterol-lowering compounds, etc. The discovery of many health-promoting compounds or nutrients was made possible through various experiments or some by chance in the past. During the time course, some novel technologies like chromatography, mass spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance came into known which enabled quantitative, and qualitative measurements of a wide range of plant metabolites. Flavonoids, phenolics, and glucosinolates are the secondary metabolites that are required in plant growth & development, and stress or defence mechanism. Aside from providing strength to a plant's immune system, such metabolites influence the nutritional quality, colour, taste, and smell of the food, as well as medicinal properties. This review intends to gather the scattered information available on the SMs which included their classification, structural differentiation, their potential roles in defence mechanisms, ecological adaptation, and available extraction techniques in reference to vegetable crops.
Rainfall-Runoff Modelling Using HEC-HMS Model, Remote Sensing and GIS in Middle Gujarat, India
Authors: Namwade Gangadhar , Trivedi M. M. , Tiwari Mukesh Kumar , Patel G. R.
Published: July 2023

Hydrological modeling is a widely used approach for estimating the hydrological response of a basin to precipitation. Floods are among the most catastrophic natural disasters in small urban watersheds, inflicting loss of life, massive property destruction, and a severe danger to the economy. As a result, appropriate modeling can be a useful tool in preventing and mitigating such flood hazards. Despite this, flash flood prediction remains one of the challenges of hydrological modeling in ungauged basins due to a lack of runoff observations.  This study aims to calibrate and validate the rainfall-runoff transformation model for Hathmati river sub watershed in the Sabarmati River basin using HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Centre Hydrology Modeling System). For the loss rate, SCS Curve Number method was selected while Clark Unit Hydrograph and SCS unit hydrograph was used for the transform method. The model is calibrated and verified using two rainfall-runoff events from 2006 and 2007 year The model calibration and validation efficiency were verified for both methods using the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), The coefficient of determination (R2), and the Percent Bias (PBIAS) As a result, the model calibration and validation were found to be satisfactory with the acceptable value of NSE between 0.869 to 0.914, with R2 0.901 to 0.947 and PBIAS from 9.76 to 14.8. it is observed that the model shows a very good correlation between simulated flow and observed flow. As a result, the model can be used to forecast river flow and aid in flood mitigation efforts to lessen their effects and associated costs. Additionally, the findings of this study can serve as guidelines for future assessments of the flood risk in the study area.
Effect of Sulphur on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties
Authors: Abhishek Vage , Mehera Biswarup , Kumar Prateek
Published: July 2023

The field experiment was conducted during kharif 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments, replicated thrice. The treatments consists of T1: MTU – 7029 + Sulphur 10Kg/ha, T2: MTU – 7029 + Sulphur 20Kg/ha, T3: MTU – 7029 + Sulphur 30Kg/ha, T4: BPT – 5204 + Sulphur 10Kg/ha, T5: BPT – 5204+ Sulphur 20Kg/ha, T6: BPT – 5204 + Sulphur 30Kg/ha, T7: ARIZE – 6444 + Sulphur 10Kg/ha, T8: ARIZE – 6444 + Sulphur 20Kg/ha, T9: ARIZE – 6444 + Sulphur 30kg/ha are used. The results showed that application of BPT – 5204 + Sulphur 30kg/ha, recorded significantly higher plant height (111.20 cm), number of tillers/plant (11.45), plant dry weight (53.07 g/plant), Crop Growth rate (16.07 g/m2/day) panicles/plant (17.00), number of grains per hill, panicle (100.69), Test weight (21.51 g), panicle length (20.20 cm), grain yield (5.62 t/ha), Straw yield (9.68 t/ha), Harvest index (36.72%) were recorded with the treatment of BPT – 5204 + Sulphur 30 kg/ha. The higher gross returns (Rs. 1,72.050.00/ha), net return (Rs. 1,12,790.00/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.90) was obtained in the treatment of BPT – 5204 + Sulphur 30 Kg/ha.
Evaluation of the Fertility Indices of Female Mice Exposed to Dimethoate and Beetroot Extract (Beta vulgaris)
Authors: Israel Emmanuela Jaja , Obulor Adetutu Olubunmi , Moslen Miebaka , Orlu Eme Efioanwan
Published: July 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate of the fertility indices of female mice exposed to Dimethoate and Beetroot Extract (Beta vulgaris).

Experimental Design: A completely randomized experimental design using standard methods for analysis. 

Location and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Animal house, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology of Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Port Harcourt, Nigeria. GPS 4o47'50''N 6o58'49''E. This study lasted for 21days.

Methodology: Thirty (30) sexually matured female mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (A-F) with 5 mice each. They were exposed for a period of 21 days to Dimethoate and 100% extract of Beta vulgaris. Group A was orally administered distilled water and rodent pellet only and acted as control. Group B was administered 20mg/kg/day of Dimethoate only. Group C was administered 5mg/kg/day of Dimethoate + 250mg/kg/day of 100% fresh extract of Beta vulgaris. Group D was administered 10mg/kg/day of Dimethoate + 250mg/kg/day of 100% fresh extract of Beta vulgaris. Group E was administered 15mg/kg/day of Dimethoate + 250mg/kg/day of 100% fresh extract of Beta vulgaris. Group F was administered 20mg/kg/day of Dimethoate + 250mg/kg/day of 100% fresh extract of Beta vulgaris.  At the end of the 21 days exposure the final weight of the mice in each group was taken and blood collected by ocular puncture for hormonal profiling. Hormones such as Prolactin, Progesterone, estradiol, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were analyzed based on the manufacturer’s instruction using Randox Monza assay kit. The females were then allowed to mate with fifteen unexposed males in ratio 2:1. At the end of 24 days and following successful parturition essential data were collected from the F1 animals.

Results: Results showed significant increase in body weight for groups that were co-administered Beta vulgaris as compared to Group B that was administered Dimethoate only. Litter size gradually decrease significantly from seven in the control to two in group B which received Dimethoate only. Reproductive hormones significantly increased in groups coadministered Beta vulgaris and Dimethoate compared with group B administered Dimethoate only.

It is thus deduced that B. vulgaris might increase fertility in experimental animals, while Dimethoate showed significant impact on the reproduction in female experimental animals by reducing the fertility indices, such as reproduction hormones, reduction in fetal implantation leading to low number of offspring (Litter size).
Heterodimensional Structure Switching Multispectral Stealth and Multimedia Interaction Devices
Authors: Shu Jin‐Cheng , Cao Mao‐Sheng , Zhang Yan‐Lan , Cao Wen‐Qiang
Published: July 2023

Lightweight and flexible electronic materials with high energy attenuation hold an unassailable position in electromagnetic stealth and intelligent devices. Among them, emerging heterodimensional structure draws intensive attention in the frontiers of materials, chemistry, and electronics, owing to the unique electronic, magnetic, thermal, and optical properties. Herein, an intrinsic heterodimensional structure consisting of alternating assembly of 0D magnetic clusters and 2D conductive layers is developed, and its macroscopic electromagnetic properties are flexibly designed by customizing the number of oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD) cycles. This unique heterodimensional structure features highly ordered spatial distribution, with an achievement of electron‐dipole and magnetic–dielectric double synergies, which exhibits the high attenuation of electromagnetic energy (160) and substantial improvement of dielectric loss tangent (≈200%). It can respond to electromagnetic waves of different bands to achieve multispectral stealth, covering visible light, infrared radiation, and gigahertz wave. Importantly, two kinds of ingenious information interaction devices are constructed with heterodimensional structure. The hierarchical antennas allow precise targeting of operating bands (S‐ to Ku‐ bands) by oMLD cycles. The strain imaging device with high sensitivity opens a new horizon for visual interaction. This work provides a creative insight for developing advanced micro–nano materials and intelligent devices.
Characterizing the Influence of Charge Extraction Layers on the Performance of Triple‐Cation Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Siekmann Johanna , Kulkarni Ashish , Akel Samah , Klingebiel Benjamin , Saliba Michael , Rau Uwe , Kirchartz Thomas
Published: July 2023

Selecting suitable charge transport layers and suppressing non‐radiative recombination at interfaces with the absorber layer is vital for maximizing the efficiency of halide perovskite solar cells. In this study, high‐quality perovskite thin films and devices are fabricated with different fullerene‐based electron transport layers and different self‐assembled monolayers as hole transport layers. Then, a comparative study of a significant variety of different electrical, optical, and photoemission‐based characterization techniques is performed to quantify the properties of the solar cells, individual layers, and, importantly, the interfaces between them. In addition, the limitations and problems of the different measurements, the insights gained by combining different methods, and the different strategies for extracting information from the experimental raw data, are highlighted.
Multiple Dynamic Bonds‐Driven Integrated Cathode/Polymer Electrolyte for Stable All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Jing , Deng Xuetian , Gao Yiyang , Zhao Yuanjun , Kong Xiangpeng , Rong Qiang , Xiong Junqiao , Yu Demei , Ding Shujiang
Published: July 2023

All‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered as the promising higher‐energy and improved‐safety energy‐storage systems. Nevertheless, the electrolyte‐electrodes interfacial issues due to the limited solid physical contact lead to discontinuous interfacial charge transport and large interfacial resistance, thereby suffering from unsatisfactory electrochemical performance. Herein, we construct an integrated cathode/polymer electrolyte for all‐solid‐state LMBs under the action of polymer chains exchange and recombination originating from multiple dynamic bonds in our well‐designed dynamic supramolecular ionic conductive elastomers (DSICE) molecular structure. The DSICE acts as polymer electrolytes with excellent electrochemical performance and mechanical properties, achieving the ultrathin pure polymer electrolyte thickness (12 μm). Notably, the DSICE also functions as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) cathode binders with enhanced adhesive capability. Such well‐constructed Li|DSICE|LFP‐DSICE cells generate delicate electrolyte‐electrodes interfacial contact at the molecular level, providing continuous Li+ transport pathways and promoting uniform Li+ deposition, further delivering superior long‐term charge/discharge stability (>600 cycles, Coulombic efficiency, >99.8 %) and high capacity retention (80 % after 400 cycles). More practically, the Li|DSICE|LFP‐DSICE pouch cells show stable electrochemical performance, excellent flexibility and safety under abusive tests.
Tracking an FeV(O) Intermediate for Water Oxidation in Water
Authors: Wei Xiang‐Zhu , Ding Tian‐Yu , Wang Yang , Yang Bing , Yang Qing‐Qing , Ye Shengfa , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: July 2023

High‐valent iron‐oxo species are appealing for conducting O−O bond formation for water oxidation reactions. However, their high reactivity poses a great challenge to the dissection of their chemical transformations. Herein, we introduce an electron‐rich and oxidation‐resistant ligand, 2‐[(2,2′‐bipyridin)‐6‐yl]propan‐2‐ol to stabilize such fleeting intermediates. Advanced spectroscopies and electrochemical studies demonstrate a high‐valent FeV(O) species formation in water. Combining kinetic and oxygen isotope labelling experiments and organic reactions indicates that the FeV(O) species is responsible for O−O bond formation via water nucleophilic attack under the real catalytic water oxidation conditions.
Bio‐based multilayer paperboard for sustainable packaging application
Authors: dos Santos Jackson Wesley Silva , Noletto Ana Paula Reis , de Azeredo Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro , de Carvalho Rosemary Aparecida , da Silva Classius Ferreira , Yoshida Cristiana Maria Pedroso
Published: July 2023

Bio‐based packaging materials are an emerging environment‐friendly alternative to conventional plastic food packaging materials, at least for some applications. The innovation of this work was to develop a sustainable cellulosic packaging material based on chitosan/palmitic acid/activated carbon coating with potential applications for single‐use food packaging. The study developed a multilayer paperboard (MPB), evaluating the effects of a paperboard surface coating by chitosan (2.0% w/w), palmitic acid (1.8% w/w), and activated carbon (1.2% w/w) applied in three coating layers. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of coated paperboard was reduced compared to uncoated paperboard, associated with the coating suspension filling of the pores of the cellulosic matrix, the palmitic acid hydrophobic characteristic, and the nonpolar nature of activated carbon (acted by repelling the vapor molecules of water). A grease resistance of Kit solution 11 of MPB was observed. The stiffness and elongation capacity increased, indicating the rigidity and flexibility of the MPB. The deposition of palmitic acid and activated carbon influenced the roughness increase. The biodegradability in the soil after 188 days of MPB was 55.01%, and the control (uncoated paperboard) was 69.38%. The coating did not impact the degradation behavior of cellulose.
Nowhere to hide: Sea turtle bycatch in Northwest Africa
Authors: de la Hoz Schilling Carolina , Diame Ahmed , Hernández Ríos Alfonso , Mingarro Mario , Jabado Rima W.
Published: July 2023

Fisheries bycatch is considered the largest threat to sea turtle populations globally. However, it has been challenging to assess the impact of bycatch on sea turtles in some regions such as Northwest Africa (i.e. Cabo Verde, Guinea, Guinea–Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal, Sierra Leone and The Gambia) owing to large data gaps. This hampers effective management actions and interferes with conservation efforts in the region.

Five sea turtle species occur in Northwest Africa (i.e. green turtle Chelonia mydas, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea, loggerhead Caretta caretta and olive ridley Lepidochelys olivacea). The region has regionally and globally important sea turtle nesting and foraging habitats and is a global fishing hotspot, with high and increasing fishing pressure.

Available information on sea turtle bycatch in Northwest Africa was compiled from peer‐reviewed and grey literature from 2010 onwards to determine the impact of artisanal and industrial fisheries (by gear type) on regional sea turtle populations and assess the level of threat to individual species.

All sea turtle species occurring in the region are impacted by bycatch. Reports suggest that green turtles and loggerheads have the highest bycatch rates, probably owing to their regional abundance and widespread distribution. Some of the potentially highest reported global bycatch rates (14,000–90,000 turtles/year/country) are noted, particularly in gillnets, longlines and handlines. However, further research is needed to understand mortality levels from artisanal fisheries and assess the impact of trawl fisheries operating in the region. Additional sources of mortality include deliberate capture for consumption or trade.

To strengthen regional sea turtle conservation and reduce sea turtle bycatch and mortality, urgent action is needed to implement and enforce national protection, establish a bycatch reduction framework (including gear modifications and spatio‐temporal closures), improve fisheries data collection and build capacity.
Early dynamic changes in iPSC oxygen consumption rate predict future cardiomyocyte differentiation
Authors: Nikitina Arina A. , Roysam Tanya , Kemp Melissa L.
Published: July 2023

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for reducing the mortality of cardiovascular disease by cellular replacement of infarcted cardiomyocytes (CMs). CM differentiation via iPSCs is a lengthy multiweek process and is highly subject to batch‐to‐batch variability, presenting challenges in current cell manufacturing contexts. Real‐time, label‐free control quality attributes (CQAs) are required to ensure efficient iPSC‐derived CM manufacturing. In this work, we report that live oxygen consumption rate measurements are highly predictive CQAs of CM differentiation outcome as early as the first 72 h of the differentiation protocol with an accuracy of 93%. Oxygen probes are already incorporated in commercial bioreactors, thus methods presented in this work are easily translatable to the manufacturing setting. Detecting deviations in the CM differentiation trajectory early in the protocol will save time and money for both manufacturers and patients, bringing iPSC‐derived CM one step closer to clinical use.
An idea to explore: Introduction to research methods
Authors: Basu Urmimala
Published: July 2023

A curriculum description of a general introductory biology course titled “Introduction to Research Methods” is presented here. The course aims to provide a glimpse of biomedical research to students who have had no or limited exposure to research to encourage them to do research as freshmen. Thus, this course aims to better equip and invoke interest of high school and college students to undertake research by addressing specific knowledge gaps, recruiting students from underserved communities, and promoting teamwork, community learning, and equity. The course covers in broad strokes key topics like forming a hypothesis, chemical safety, research practices, chemical calculations, cloning and so forth, that is useful for undergraduate trainees initiated to research. The course also aims to put each topic in a social context that provides room for contemplating science for young trainee scientists thus addressing the gap between science and society. Student feedback reveals a positive learning experience and self‐reported improvement of knowledge on the various topics taught. As a result, the concepts and pedagogical tools used in this course can be adapted to increase students' involvement and retainment in biomedical research from underrepresented communities.
Retracted: Personality traits that associate with sustainable behaviors perceived by individuals
Authors: Longlong Zhao
Published: July 2023

Introduction

There is relatively little research on the association between personality traits and sustainable behaviors. So, this research was designed to differentiate associations between the six personality traits and sustainable behaviors perceived by individuals.

Methods

A total of 1420 residents in a community of Nanjing participated in this survey. With the help of HEXACO‐60 and SBPI‐9, participants’ personality traits and the performance of sustainable behaviors perceived by individuals were measured. Subsequently, assisted by regression analysis, the quantitive relationship between HEXACO and sustainable behaviors perceived by individuals was explored.

Results

Honesty–humility (H–H), extraversion (X), consciousness (C), and openness to experience (O) are positively associated with sustainable behaviors perceived by individuals, whereas emotionality (E) and agreeableness (A) are negatively associated with it.

Conclusions

HEXACO have a significant association with sustainable behaviors perceived by individuals. Additionally, H–H, E, X, A, C, and O could explain 44.2% of changes in sustainable behaviors perceived by individuals.
Small Angle Scattering Techniques for the Study of Catalysts and Catalytic Processes
Authors: Herrera Facundo , Rumi Gonzalo , Steinberg Paula Y. , Wolosiuk Alejandro , Angelomé Paula C.
Published: July 2023

Small‐Angle Scattering (SAS) techniques are essential tools for the characterization of catalysts before, during and after catalytic reactions. Either based on X‐Rays (SAXS) or neutrons (SANS), they provide unique structural information that helps to understand catalytic processes at the nanoscale level, allowing a rational improvement of the catalysts design. In this review, we present the key aspects involved in the use of these techniques in the catalysis field. Firstly, we introduce some of the fundamentals of the techniques and describe their main features and their impact in the catalyst design. Then, we analyze key examples of the use of SAS to study catalysts’ structure through ex situ analysis, focusing on examples involving different porous materials and metallic nanoparticles. Afterwards, we discuss in situ and operando approaches for studying catalytical processes monitored using SAS. Finally, we present perspectives and challenges for the future use of SAS in the catalysis field.
Novel Identifier of Transitions in Bubble Columns Operated with Water and Aqueous Alcohol Solutions
Authors: Nedeltchev Stoyan , Marchini Sara , Schubert Markus , Hlawitschka Mark W. , Hampel Uwe
Published: July 2023

The accurate identification of the transition velocities Utrans in bubble columns (BCs) is important for their effective design, operation, and scale‐up. In this work, a novel parameter, namely, the new hybrid index (NHI), was developed and successfully applied to gas holdup and pressure fluctuations recorded in various BCs operated with water and aqueous solutions of alcohols (ethanol and propan‐2‐ol). The first Utrans was identified on the basis of a well‐pronounced local NHI minimum, whereas the second Utrans was distinguished by the point from which the NHI profile levels off. It was concluded that the main Utrans depend on the type of gas‐liquid system and sparger used. A set of several Utrans is reported.
Boric Acid Doping Improves Electrochemical Performance of [Ni0.9Co0.1](OH)2 Cathode for Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Su Yang , Ren Hai‐Lin , Zhao Shuai , Sun Ping‐Ping , Li Jia‐Qi , Wang Xiao‐Min
Published: July 2023

In this paper, [Ni0.9Co0.1](OH)2 precursor is used to dope H3BO3 to synthesize positive electrode material when mixing lithium in wet method, and to explore the best doping by testing the microscopic morphology and electrochemical performance of the positive electrode material amount and calcination temperature. After doping with B, the microstructure of the material is improved, and the primary crystal grains are oriented and agglomerated into a needle shape. This good crystal structure can slow down the generation of grain microcracks and mechanical fracture, and improve the cycle stability of the positive electrode material. After doping B, the discharge specific capacity was slightly improved. When the calcination temperature is 750 °C and the doping amount of B is 1.0 mol%, the first discharge specific capacity reaches 223 mAh g−1. More importantly, the capacity retention rate of the battery after 100 cycles has been greatly improved, from 74 % without doping B to 87 %.
Photothermally Enhanced Dual Enzyme‐mimic Activity of Gold‐Palladium Hybrid Nanozyme for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kang Yan , Li Chao , Shi Huali , Zhang Amin , Huang Chusen , Zhou Chaohui , Jia Nengqin
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Based on characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including acidity, hypoxia, inflammation and hydrogen peroxide overload, combined with emerging nanotechnologies, designing nanoplatforms with TME specificity/responsiveness for tumor treatment is a promising nanotherapeutic strategy. In this work, a multifunctional gold‐palladium bimetallic cascade nanozyme was constructed for effective photothermal‐enhanced cascade catalyzed synergistic therapy of tumors. The dumbbell‐like Au‐Pd bimetallic nanomaterial (Au NRs‐Pd@HA) was obtained by reducing palladium on gold nanorods with ascorbic acid (AA) and further modified with hyaluronic acid (HA). The introduction of HA brings biocompatibility and targeting properties. The zebrafish embryos model showed that Au NRs‐Pd@HA had good biocompatibility and low biotoxicity. Au NRs‐Pd@HA can induce catalytic conversion of glucose to generate H2O2 efficiently, and subsequently undergo cascade reaction to produce abundant ·OH radicals, exhibiting peroxidase‐like (POD‐like) and glucose oxidase‐like (GOD‐like) capabilities. The generated ·OH was a key factor for tumor ablation. Meanwhile, Au NRs‐Pd@HA exhibits good photothermal performance under 808 nm irradiation, in favor of photothermal therapy (PTT). Especially, the POD‐like and GOD‐like activities were significantly enhanced due to the photothermal effect. The synergistic PTT and photothermal‐enhanced nanozymes with cascade catalytic effect enabled efficient and safe cancer therapy.
Congenital coronary artery anomalies in sports medicine. Why to know them
Authors: Zeppilli Paolo , Bianco Massimiliano , Gervasi Salvatore F. , Cammarano Michela , Monti Riccardo , Sollazzo Fabrizio , Modica Gloria , Morra Lorenzo , Nifosì Francesco M. , Palmieri Vincenzo
Published: July 2023

The anomalous origin of a coronary artery (AOCA) is a challenging topic, due to its rarity, the complexity of the pathophysiological aspects, the clinical presentation (often silent), the difficulty of diagnosis, and the potential risk of causing acute cardiovascular events up to sudden cardiac death, particularly when triggered by heavy physical exercise or sport practice. Increasing interest in sport medical literature is being given to this topic. This paper reviews current knowledge of AOCAs in the specific context of the athletic setting addressing epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects, diagnostic work‐up, sports participation, individual risk assessment, therapeutic options, and return to play decision after surgery.
Numerical investigation of force and deflection of nanoneedle penetration into cell using finite element approach: Parameter study and experimental validation of results
Authors: Rostami M. , Ahmadian M. T.
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to develop a numerical methodology to investigate the penetration process of nanoneedles into cells and the corresponding force and indentation length. The finite element approach via the explicit dynamic method handles convergence difficulties in the nonlinear phenomenon. The cell is modeled as an isotropic elastic hemiellipsoidal shell with a thickness of 200 nm, which represents the lipid membrane and actin cortex, encapsulating cytoplasm that is regarded as an Eulerian body because of its fluid‐type behavior. Nanoneedles with diameters 400, 200, and 50 nm are considered for model development based on available experimental data. The Von Mises strain failure criterion is used for rupture detection. A parameter study using 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 kPa shows that Young's modulus of the HeLa cell membrane is about 5 kPa. Moreover, a failure strain of 1.2 chosen among 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, and 1.2 matches best the experimental data. In addition, a diameter study shows that the relations between force‐diameter and indentation length‐diameter are linear and polynomial, respectively. Furthermore, regarding the experimental data and by using contour of minimum principal stress around needle and an analytical equation for calculation of buckling force of a woven fabric, we proposed that for a given cell, membrane structural stability—a function of the coupled effect of Young's modulus and actin meshwork size—contributes directly to needle insertion success rate for that type of cell.
Chelating Agent‐Assisted‐Bi2WO6 Nanostructured Materials for Electron Transfer‐Driven Ultrafast Catalytic Reduction of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants
Authors: Barhoi Ashok , Khan Afaq Ahmad , Mahto Bhagirath , Bisoyi Akash , Hussain Sahid
Published: July 2023

We report a chelating agent‐assisted synthesis of Bi2WO6 nanomaterials using a facile hydrothermal method. The presence of a chelating agent (EDTA) influences the degree of crystallinity, morphology, and surface area of Bi2WO6. Analysis by electron microscopy revealed morphological changes of Bi2WO6 from flower‐like to multilayered disc‐like structures after introducing EDTA. The surface area of pristine Bi2WO6 NMs is significantly increased from 31 to 50 m2 g−1. We demonstrated the catalytic properties of Bi2WO6 and EDTA‐Bi2WO6 for 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), methyl orange (MO), congo red (CR), and [Fe(CN)6]3− reductions in the presence of NaBH4. It was observed that EDTA‐Bi2WO6 exhibited higher catalytic activity compared to the pristine Bi2WO6 NMs. The reduction reactions followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics and the rate constant values of EDTA‐Bi2WO6 for 4‐NP, MO, CR, and [Fe(CN)6]3− reductions were found to be 0.847, 0.584, 0.702, and 0.463 min−1, respectively. The reduction proceeds through electron transfer process over an EDTA‐Bi2WO6 catalyst in the presence of NaBH4. Furthermore, EDTA‐Bi2WO6 also showed ultrafast catalytic performance to dichromate (Cr2O72−) reduction, compared to pristine Bi2WO6. The EDTA‐Bi2WO6 catalyst could be recycled up to five times without undergoing a significant loss in activity.
Amorphous RuO2 Catalyst for Medium Size Carboxylic Acid to Alkane Dimer Selective Kolbe Electrolysis in an Aqueous Environment**
Authors: Wang Chong , Liu Kaixin , Jin Yangxin , Huang Shuquan , Chun‐Ho Lam Jason
Published: July 2023

The catalytic transformation of biomass‐derived volatile carboxylic acids in an aqueous environment is crucial to developing a sustainable biorefinery. To date, Kolbe electrolysis remains arguably the most effective means to convert energy‐diluted aliphatic carboxylic acids (carboxylate) to alkane for biofuel production. This paper reports the use of a structurally disordered amorphous RuO2 (a‐RuO2) that is synthesized facilely in a hydrothermal method. The a‐RuO2 is highly effective towards electrocatalytic oxidative decarboxylation of hexanoic acid and is able to produce the Kolbe product, decane, with a yield 5.4 times greater than that of commercial RuO2. A systematic study of the reaction temperature, current intensity, and electrolyte concentration reveals the enhanced Kolbe product yield is attributable to the more efficient oxidation of the carboxylate anions for the alkane dimer formation. Our work showcases a new design idea for establishing an efficient electrocatalysts for decarboxylation coupling reaction, providing a new electrocatalyst candidate for Kolbe electrolysis.
Analysis and design approach of wideband digital‐based feedforward ring oscillators
Authors: Arenas Julian , Moya Juan Sebastian , Roa Elkim
Published: July 2023

Multi‐protocol applications and complex systems‐on‐chip demand several clock sources to fulfill all data‐rate requirements. Among the different types of clock sources, LC oscillators dominate the high data‐rate communication standards where frequency stability is a major constraint. In contrast, ring oscillators are preferred for legacy support applications due to their wider tuning range and where stability is not a constraint. Since stability enhancement techniques have been already implemented to ring oscillators, increasing the tuning range of a single ring clock reference might fulfill a broad margin of data rates. This paper presents an analysis and a design approach of wideband digital‐based oscillators based on secondary feedforward paths to support most of the data‐rate requirements inside systems‐on‐chips. Here, we present the inclusion of these auxiliary loops as a tuning range enhancement technique to reduce the total number of required clock references. The presented analysis comprises piece‐wise functions able to accurately predict an FDRO oscillation frequency. Using the piece‐wise model, we present a  15,000 12‐track standard‐cell scalable feedforward oscillator. Auxiliary feedforward inverters allow a maximum 1.5 GHz frequency and a 3 tuning range enhancement while enabling a 100 kHz minimum oscillation frequency. The proposed oscillator occupies an area of 0.05 mm2in a 180 nm CMOS pure digital node and achieves a 41 ps@1.25 GHz RMS jitter of and a −121 dB FOM.
Pharmacological profile, phase I metabolism, and excretion time profile of the new synthetic cathinone 3,4‐Pr‐PipVP
Authors: Schwelm Hannes Max , Persson Mattias , Pulver Benedikt , Huß Max Vincent , Gréen Henrik , Auwärter Volker
Published: July 2023

1‐(2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐inden‐5‐yl)‐2‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)pentan‐1‐one (3,4‐Pr‐PipVP), a novel synthetic cathinone (SCat), was first identified in 2022 in Germany. The product was marketed as 1‐(bicyclo[4.2.0]octa‐1,3,5‐trien‐3‐yl)‐2‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐yl)pentan‐1‐one (3,4‐EtPV), a substance not covered by the German New Psychoactive Substances Act (NpSG). Although originally intended to be an exploratory new synthetic cathinone containing the novel bicyclo[4.2.0]octatrienyl function, the compound was subsequently confirmed to contain an indanyl ring system scheduled under generic legislation like the NpSG. However, it is one of only a few marketed SCats carrying a piperidine ring. Inhibition experiments involving norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin transporters showed that 3,4‐Pr‐PipVP was a low potency blocker at all three monoamine transporters compared to related substances such as MDPV. Additionally, pharmacokinetic data were collected from pooled human liver microsomes incubations and from the analysis of authentic urine samples received after oral administration of 5 mg 3,4‐Pr‐PipVP hydrochloride. Phase I metabolites were tentatively identified in vitro and in vivo using liquid chromatography−time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Main metabolites were formed by metabolic reduction of the carbonyl function with and without additional hydroxylations at the propylene bridge of the molecule. Keto‐reduced H2–3,4‐Pr‐PipVP and H2‐piperidine‐OH‐3,4‐Pr‐PipVP as well as aryl‐OH‐3,4‐Pr‐PipVP, and indanyl‐OH‐piperidine‐OH‐3,4‐Pr‐PipVP are suggested as most suitable biomarkers for the detection of 3,4‐Pr‐PipVP since they were detected for much longer than the parent compound. 3,4‐Pr‐PipVP could be detected for up to 21 h whereas its metabolites were detectable for up to about 4 days.
Specialization patterns in symbiotic associations: A community perspective over spatial scales
Authors: Rodríguez‐Arribas Clara , Martínez Isabel , Aragón Gregorio , Zamorano‐Elgueta Carlos , Cavieres Lohengrin , Prieto María
Published: July 2023

Specialization, contextualized in a resource axis of an organism niche, is a core concept in ecology. In biotic interactions, specialization can be determined by the range of interacting partners. Evolutionary and ecological factors, in combination with the surveyed scale (spatial, temporal, biological, and/or taxonomic), influence the conception of specialization. This study aimed to assess the specialization patterns and drivers in the lichen symbiosis, considering the interaction between the principal fungus (mycobiont) and the associated Nostoc (cyanobiont), from a community perspective considering different spatial scales. Thus, we determined Nostoc phylogroup richness and composition of lichen communities in 11 Nothofagus pumilio forests across a wide latitudinal gradient in Chile. To measure specialization, cyanobiont richness, Simpson's and d′ indices were estimated for 37 mycobiont species in these communities. Potential drivers that might shape Nostoc composition and specialization measures along the environmental gradient were analysed. Limitations in lichen distributional ranges due to the availability of their cyanobionts were studied. Turnover patterns of cyanobionts were identified at multiple spatial scales. The results showed that environmental factors shaped the Nostoc composition of these communities, thus limiting cyanobiont availability to establish the symbiotic association. Besides, specialization changed with the spatial scale and with the metric considered. Cyanolichens were more specialized than cephalolichens when considering partner richness and Simpson's index, whereas the d′ index was mostly explained by mycobiont identity. Little evidence of lichen distributional ranges due to the distribution of their cyanobionts was found. Thus, lichens with broad distributional ranges either associated with several cyanobionts or with widely distributed cyanobionts. Comparisons between local and regional scales showed a decreasing degree of specialization at larger scales due to an increase in cyanobiont richness. The results support the context dependency of specialization and how its consideration changes with the metric and the spatial scale considered. Subsequently, we suggest considering the entire community and widening the spatial scale studied as it is crucial to understand factors determining specialization.
Antibiotic use during pregnancy is linked to offspring gut microbial dysbiosis, barrier disruption, and altered immunity along the gut–lung axis
Authors: Alhasan Moumen M. , Hölsken Oliver , Duerr Claudia , Helfrich Sofia , Branzk Nora , Philipp Alina , Leitz Dominik , Duerr Julia , Almousa Yahia , Barrientos Gabriela , Mohn William W. , Gamradt Stefanie , Conrad Melanie L.
Published: July 2023

Antibiotic use during pregnancy is associated with increased asthma risk in children. Since approximately 25% of women use antibiotics during pregnancy, it is important to identify the pathways involved in this phenomenon. We investigate how mother‐to‐offspring transfer of antibiotic‐induced gut microbial dysbiosis influences immune system development along the gut–lung axis. Using a mouse model of maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy, we immunophenotyped offspring in early life and after asthma induction. In early life, prenatal‐antibiotic exposed offspring exhibited gut microbial dysbiosis, intestinal inflammation (increased fecal lipocalin‐2 and IgA), and dysregulated intestinal ILC3 subtypes. Intestinal barrier dysfunction in the offspring was indicated by a FITC‐dextran intestinal permeability assay and circulating lipopolysaccharide. This was accompanied by increased T‐helper (Th)17 cell percentages in the offspring's blood and lungs in both early life and after allergy induction. Lung tissue additionally showed increased percentages of RORγt T‐regulatory (Treg) cells at both time points. Our investigation of the gut–lung axis identifies early‐life gut dysbiosis, intestinal inflammation, and barrier dysfunction as a possible developmental programming event promoting increased expression of RORγt in blood and lung CD4+ T cells that may contribute to increased asthma risk.
Organoplatinum‐Bridged Cyclotribenzylene Dimers
Authors: Zhang Jing , Aribot Frédéric , Chambron Jean‐Claude , Zorn Nathalie , Leize‐Wagner Emmanuelle , Jean Marion , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Espinosa Enrique , Aubert Emmanuel
Published: July 2023

Cyclotribenzylenes (CTBs) combining carbonitrile (−CN) and alkyne (−C2H) substituents were synthesized as racemic mixtures and resolved by HPLC on chiral stationary phases. Two of these compounds were used to prepare platinum‐bridged CTB dimers, in which PtII is bound to the CTBs via Pt−alkynyl bonds in cis configuration. The organometallic complexes were examined by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, which indicated that they were obtained as mixtures of diastereoisomers (a meso or syn form and a pair of chiral or anti forms) when racemic CTBs were used. Enantiomerically pure complexes were prepared from resolved CTBs, which allowed us to distinguish the NMR signals of the chiral and meso forms in the diastereoisomeric mixtures. In certain conditions, the platinum complexes played the role of a pincer π‐alkynyl ligand for Cu(I) coming from the copper iodide used as a synthetic auxiliary. The Cu+ cations could be easily removed by treatment with NaCN, affording the mononuclear bis‐cyclotribenzylene complexes. These compounds failed to lead to metallo‐cryptophanes by coordination of two [M(dppp)]2+ complex subunits (M=Pd, Pt; dppp=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane), each to two carbonitrile substituents belonging to different CTBs, pointing to the superiority of the one pot self‐assembly processes for the preparation of metallo‐cryptophanes.