bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Could authors really write in XML one day?
Authors: Flynn Peter
Published: July 2013

The learning curve for non-markup-expert authors to start writing and editing structured documents in XML is steep, and there are some specific barriers to the acceptance of editor interfaces (Flynn2006). In exploring the reasons behind these barriers, we identified some changes that could be made to common interfaces to improve acceptability (Flynn2009).

This paper presents the results of usability tests on the modifications, and suggests how some aspects of structured editing software could be adapted to extend their use into additional areas and markets.

This research is being submitted for a PhD in the Department of Applied Psychology, UCC (Human Factors Research Group).
Decision making in XSL-FO formatting
Authors: Graham Tony
Published: July 2013

XSL-FO has a very linear processing model that has served it well, but very often it is necessary to make decisions on what will be in the formatted output based on the sizes of the formatted output, and XSL 1.1 as defined does not let you do that. This paper looks at what's needed to be done to get that sort of decision making into XSL-FO processing today and at some possible future developments.
General Architecture for Generation of Slide Presentations, including PowerPoint, from arbitrary XML Documents
Authors: Kimber Eliot
Published: July 2013

PowerPoint slide decks are often required for training content authored in XML. Until recently, this was difficult for many users. With the development of the Apache POI library, it is now possible to reliably generate PowerPoint documents with a minimum of implementation effort. This paper presents a general architecture for generating slide presentations of any format from XML of any sort through the use of an intermediate format that abstracts the general structure of PowerPoint-type presentations. This general architecture allows the same source to potentially produce PowerPoint, Slidey, PDF, or any other presentation-optimized format from the same source with a minimum of implementation effort. The paper focuses on the specific challenge of producing PowerPoint using this architecture.
The Case for Authoring and Producing Books in (X)HTML5
Authors: Kleinfeld Sanders
Published: July 2013

In this paper, I argue that HTML5 offers unique advantages to authors and publishers in comparison to both traditional word processing and desktop publishing tools like Microsoft Word and Adobe InDesign, as well as other markup vocabularies like DocBook and AsciiDoc. I also consider the drawbacks currently inherent in the HTML5 standard with respect to representing long-form, structured text content, and the challenges faced in adopting HTML5 as the source format for book authoring and publishing workflows. Finally, I discuss the development of HTMLBook, a new open, HTML5-based XML standard expressly designed to surmount these challenges and facilitate the use of HTML5 for the authoring and production of both print and digital book content.
Fat Markup: Trimming the Myth one calorie at a time
Authors: Lee David
Published: July 2013

We all know that XML is "fat" and JSON is the "thinner", "faster", "smaller", "better" markup. We know this to be true because we've been told it over and over. It's "obvious" and "inherently true" because XML has redundant end tags, namespaces, entities and other extra "pounds of fat" that JSON doesn't have. But where is the science supporting this? What are the facts and what is myth? When people make design and architecture decisions it should be supported by facts not speculation. In this paper I show the results of an ongoing series of real world tests of Markup performance in browsers across a wide variety of devices, browsers and operating systems and attempt to quantify markup performance with experimental results and maybe trim the fat myth one calorie at a time.
Modeling overlapping structures
Authors: Marcoux Yves , Sperberg-McQueen Michael , Huitfeldt Claus
Published: July 2013

The problem of overlapping structures has long been familiar to the structured document community. In a poem, for example, the verse and line structures overlap, and having them both available simultaneously is convenient, and sometimes necessary (for example for automatic analyses). However, only structures that embed nicely can be represented directly in XML. Proposals to address this problem include XML solutions (based essentially on a layer of semantics) and non-XML ones. Among the latter is TexMecs HS2003, a markup language that allows overlap (and many other features).

XML documents, when viewed as graphs, correspond to trees. Marcoux M2008 characterized overlap-only TexMecs documents by showing that they correspond exactly to completion-acyclic node-ordered directed acyclic graphs. In this paper, we elaborate on that result in two ways.

First, we cast it in the setting of a strictly larger class of graphs, child-arc-ordered directed graphs, that includes multi-graphs and non-acyclic graphs, and show that — somewhat surprisingly — it does not hold in general for graphs with multiple roots. Second, we formulate a stronger condition, full-completion-acyclicity, that guarantees correspondence with an overlap-only document, even for graphs that have multiple roots.

The definition of fully-completion-acyclic graph does not in itself suggest an efficient algorithm for checking the condition, nor for computing a corresponding overlap-only document when the condition is satisfied. We present basic polynomial-time upper bounds on the complexity of accomplishing those tasks.
Some Assembly Required
Authors: McDonough Jerome
Published: July 2013

The semantics of XML markup is a perennial topic of discussion among markup enthusiasts, but these discussions often focus at the level of the meaning of a tag within a document, or within a document collection. Such discussions also have an inherent assumption of looking at the meaning of a tag at the moment. Employment of XML markup and machine ontologies for long-term digital preservation raises question of how meaning of tags may alter over time and how tags meaning may differ depending on the agent interpreting the tag. This paper discusses the Preserving Virtual Worlds project on the preservation of computer games and the semantic issues that arose in trying to use XML and OWL ontologies for long-term digital preservation.
Marking up changes to ISO standards: A case study
Authors: Mitchell Tristan , Whitaker Nigel
Published: July 2013

The ISO Standards Tags Set (ISOSTS) is a customization of NISO’s Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS) developed for the International Standards Organization for authoring standards documents.

As part of the authoring workflow used at ISO, they required the capability to produce redline publications of a document in order to show changes between different versions of a given standard. Alongside Typefi, who provided the functionality for publishing the marked XML into PDF with redlining, we provided our XML comparison toolset to detect and mark the changes as required.

This paper discusses some of the issues we faced while completing this work, including the representation of changes in the XML, comparison of tables, ignoring text formatting changes, and the use of processing instructions. The paper also looks at the pros and cons of various format design decisions that can have an impact on the suitability of that format to support good comparison.
Processing XForms in HTML5-Enabled Browsers
Authors: Niedl Tobias , Brüggemann-Klein Anne
Published: July 2013

Forms technology for the World Wide Web has developed along two lines. The XForms strain has worked for a cleaner separation of concerns and supports more complex bindings between user interface and data. The HTML strain has focused on the user interface, defining new widgets and in HTML5 adding type definitions to form elements to enable native in-form validation. Some XForms implementations translate XForms elements into HTML widgets plus executable code. But HTML5 also defines new Javascript APIs browsers should support. The new facilities of HTML5-enabled browsers can be used to support XForms near-natively. We explain how.
Markup and Canada's National Model Building Codes
Authors: Nordin Brent
Published: July 2013

This paper offers up a brief publishing oriented view of the Canadian National Building Codes since their first release in 1941 and continues on to describe current work in maintaining the Codes documents and their XML content.
Programming in XPath 3.0
Authors: Novatchev Dimitre
Published: July 2013

While XPath is universally considered the critical intersection of XSLT and XQuery, until recently it lacked some essential capabilities of a full-pledged programming language.

Although not obvious from the W3C specifications, this paper demonstrates some of the new, crucial features of XPath 3.0 that make it a truly complete, standalone, modern XML programming language.

Among others, the benefits of host-language-independent XPath 3.0 programming include the elimination of the need for redundant “per host language” programming and the ability to specify XPath callable units with true copy and paste portability between different host languages, such as XSLT and XQuery.
The XML info space
Authors: Rennau Hans-Jürgen
Published: July 2013

XML-related standards imply an architecture of distributed information which integrates all accessible XML resources into a coherent whole. Attempting to capture the key properties of this architecture, the concept of an info space is defined. The concept is used as a tool for deriving desirable extensions of the standards. The proposed extensions aim at a fuller realization of the potential offered by the architecture. Main aspects are better support for resource discovery and the integration of non-XML resources. If not adopted by standards, the extensions may also be emulated by application-level design patterns and product-specific features. Knowledge of them might therefore be of immediate interest to application developers and product designers.
RESTful Service Description Language (RSDL)
Authors: Robie Jonathan , Cavicchio Rob , Sinnema Rémon , Wilde Erik
Published: July 2013

RESTful Service Description Language (RSDL) is an XML vocabulary for designing and documenting hypermedia-driven RESTful Services. RSDL takes a purist hypermedia-driven approach to REST design, requiring that a service have a single entry point, and focusing the design on resources, links, and media types.
What, when, where? Spatial and temporal annotations with XStandoff
Authors: Stührenberg Maik
Published: July 2013

We describe an extension for the generalized standoff approach XStandoff to describe spatial information over non-textual primary data objects. A use case for this kind of markup is the annotation of multimodal documents, that is text-image combinations.
Customizing a general purpose XML editor: oXygen's authoring environment
Authors: Bina George
Published: July 2013

oXygen started in 2001 as an IDE for XML and XML related technologies but after some years our users wanted to be able to edit XML documents not only as text, in the source mode, but also in a way that will be non-intimidating for non-technical people. As a result of that, we introduced in 2007 support for visually editing XML documents. The rendering is based on CSS and we allow also custom actions to be defined through configuration or through Java coding, XSLT or XQuery scripts, etc. With CSS extensions we introduced also form based controls and actions directly in the user interface, thus making possible to quickly create interfaces for editing XML documents that completely hide the underlying XML structure and allow people to edit XML without seeing any of the XML markup.
XForms generation: a real world example
Authors: Sigaud Éric , Tailhurat Romain , Cotton Franck , van der Vlist Éric
Published: July 2013

INSEE runs a lot of surveys and needs to make them available on different media: paper questionnaires, specialized survey software or web forms. As part of an overall effort of rationalization of its information system, INSEE recently initiated the construction of a central statistical metadata repository and of a generic platform for survey data collection. We describe in this paper a pathfinder operation that draws from these two important projects and aims at automating the generation of web questionnaires from metadata models. We explain the business justification of this approach and the technological choices made, especially the utilization of XForms. The generation process is described in detail and the lessons learned from this operation are depicted.
ProX: XML for interfacing with XML for processing XML (and an XForm to go with it)
Authors: Nordström Ari
Published: July 2013

The process XML or ProX for short was introduced to create an abstraction layer around running XProc pipelines. While XProc is XML, running XProc pipelines using an actual engine involves a lot more, usually batch or shell scripts that configure the engine and whatever inputs and options, etc, that the pipeline defines, which is something of a pain. Offering the resulting configuration options to an end user in a GUI is difficult at best and a nightmare for any conscientious developer.

This paper describes an XML-based abstraction layer that defines all those configuration options. The XML is made available to the user so s/he can configure the pipeline and whatever options it has, and save the configured process as an instance that is then converted to a shell script that runs the configured pipeline, greatly simplifying the configuration.
A notion of continuity in discrete spaces and applications
Authors: Capraro Valerio
Published: July 2013

We propose a notion of continuous path for locally finite metric spaces, taking inspiration from the recent development of A-theory for locally finite connected graphs. We use this notion of continuity to derive an analogue in Z2 of the Jordan curve theorem and to extend to a quite large class of locally finite metric spaces (containing all finite metric spaces) an inequality for the ℓp-distortion of a metric space that has been recently proved by Pierre-Nicolas Jolissaint and Alain Valette for finite connected graphs.
Gravity wave influence on NLC: experimental results from ALOMAR, 69° N
Authors: Wilms H. , Rapp M. , Hoffmann P. , Fiedler J. , Baumgarten G.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The influence of gravity waves on noctilucent clouds (NLC) at ALOMAR (69° N) is analyzed by relating gravity wave activity to NLC occurrence from common-volume measurements. Gravity wave kinetic energies are derived from MF-radar wind data and filtered into different period ranges by wavelet transformation. From the data set covering the years 1999–2011 a direct correlation between gravity wave kinetic energy and NLC occurrence is not found. I.e., NLC appear independently of the simultaneously measured gravity wave kinetic energy. In addition, gravity wave activity is divided into weak and strong activity as compared to a 13 yr mean. The NLC occurrence rates during strong and weak activity are calculated separately for a given wave period and compared to each other. Again, for the full data set no dependence of NLC occurrence on relative gravity wave activity is found. However, concentrating on 12 h of NLC detections during 2008, we do find an NLC-amplification with strong long-period gravity wave occurrence. Our analysis hence confirms previous findings that in general NLC at ALOMAR are not predominantly driven by gravity waves while exceptions to this rule are at least possible.
Erosion control blankets, organic amendments and site variability influenced the initial plant community at a limestone quarry in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
Authors: Cohen-Fernández A. C. , Naeth M. A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Season of seeding and soil amendment with manure mix, wood shavings and erosion control blankets were evaluated over two growing seasons to determine their effect on soil properties and native grass establishment at a Canadian limestone quarry and lime processing plant. A season (fall, spring) of soil amending and seeding did not significantly affect revegetation or soil properties. Site characteristics such as slope, aspect, initial soil nutrients and surrounding plant communities influenced early plant community development and overall effects of soil treatments. Erosion control blankets resulted in the highest seeded plant cover and the lowest non-seeded plant cover despite not significantly changing soil chemical properties. Total nitrogen and carbon significantly increased establishment of seeded grasses and non-seeded species. Increased nitrogen and carbon in the constructed soils were best achieved through addition of manure. Wood shavings did not favour establishment of vegetation and resulted in similar, and in some cases less, vegetation than the controls. Assisted revegetation increased plant cover from < 6 to 50% and reduced cover of non-seeded species. Amendments that modified both chemical and physical soil conditions were best to increase vegetation establishment in the harsh conditions of the quarry.
A trend-preserving bias correction – the ISI-MIP approach
Authors: Hempel S. , Frieler K. , Warszawski L. , Schewe J. , Piontek F.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Statistical bias correction is commonly applied within climate impact modelling to correct climate model data for systematic deviations of the simulated historical data from observations. Methods are based on transfer functions generated to map the distribution of the simulated historical data to that of the observations. Those are subsequently applied to correct the future projections. Here, we present the bias correction method that was developed within ISI-MIP, the first Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project. ISI-MIP is designed to synthesise impact projections in the agriculture, water, biome, health, and infrastructure sectors at different levels of global warming. Bias-corrected climate data that are used as input for the impact simulations could be only provided over land areas. To ensure consistency with the global (land + ocean) temperature information the bias correction method has to preserve the warming signal. Here we present the applied method that preserves the absolute changes in monthly temperature, and relative changes in monthly values of precipitation and the other variables needed for ISI-MIP. The proposed methodology represents a modification of the transfer function approach applied in the Water Model Intercomparison Project (Water-MIP). Correction of the monthly mean is followed by correction of the daily variability about the monthly mean. Besides the general idea and technical details of the ISI-MIP method, we show and discuss the potential and limitations of the applied bias correction. In particular, while the trend and the long-term mean are well represented, limitations with regards to the adjustment of the variability persist which may affect, e.g. small scale features or extremes.
SEGMENTATION OF HERITAGE BUILDING BY MEANS OF GEOMETRIC AND RADIOMETRIC COMPONENTS FROM TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING
Authors: Aitelkadi K. , Tahiri D. , Simonetto E. , Sebari I. , Polidori L.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Nowadays, the terrestrial laser scanning represents an integral source of data for cultural heritage 3D storage and access through digital communication tools. The achievement of 3D models requires the implementation of several tasks such as segmentation. Segmentation is the key step during the point cloud processing where all homogeneous areas are identified, which describe a building facade. Usually, a large part of the segmentation approach focuses on the geometric information contained in the point cloud data by exploiting mathematical representation of a parametric surface. However, due to the complexity of the architecture, such segmentation does not suffice. Henceforth, other approaches turn to the use of color and laser intensity components. Although a variety of algorithms have been developed in this sense, problems of over-segmentation or under-segmentation are observed. In this context, we propose a new approach for point cloud segmentation aiming at a more accurate result. This approach relies on all the components of a colored point – both geometric and radiometric – combining the RGB values, laser intensity and geometric data. Our process begins with the extraction of homogeneous planar segments using the RANSAC algorithm. Next, the result is subjected to a radiometric-based segmentation, first through color similarity as one of the homogeneity criteria of a region growing algorithm, then through the use of intensity similarity for segment fusion. Experiments are performed on a facade presenting an example of Moroccan classical architecture located in Casablanca's Medina. Results show the importance of integrating all point cloud components, both geometric and radiometric.
THE METRIC DOCUMENTATION OF CHAM TOWERS IN VIETNAM BY SPHERICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Fangi G. , Malinverni E. S. , Tassetti A. N.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The Università Politecnica delle Marche is charged of the study, survey and documentation of the Chan towers in Vietnam. The towers are spread near the coastline from latitude 16° 30', to latitude of 10° 56'. The Champa civilization flourished from 8th century till 17th century produced the Cham towers, places of religious worship. The ancient Cham people created a developed culture expressed in the architecture in the towers, which were Buddhist temples. Roughly there are six different architectonic styles and two different layouts in plan. One lay-out is that one main tower is surrounded by smaller service buildings, like walls, doors, gates; the other layout is a set of three aligned towers. We carried out the documentation with three different techniques, laser scanning, dense point clouds generation with SfM (Structure from Motion) algorithm, and mainly by Panoramic Spherical Photogrammetry (PSP). Laser scanning is indeed the best instrument but sometimes its availability is very limited for different practical and logistic reasons. The point cloud generation produced good results, but it has some problems and limitations of management too. On the other hand PSP is very quick technique in the taking phase, but the restitution is rather slow. PSP is suitable for a good metric documentation, making the Cham tower project the main project of documentation executed with spherical photogrammetry.
UNWRAPPING HIGHLY-DETAILED 3D MESHES OF ROTATIONALLY SYMMETRIC MAN-MADE OBJECTS
Authors: Rieck B. , Mara H. , Krömker S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Rotationally symmetric objects commonly occur at archæological finds. Instead of creating 2D images for documentation purposes by manual drawing or photographic methods, we propose a method based on digitally colored surface models that are acquired by 3D scanners, thereby including color information. We then transform these highly-detailed meshes using simple geometrical objects such as cones and spheres and unwrap the objects onto a plane. Our method can handle curved vessel profiles by dividing the surface into multiple segments and approximating each segment with a cone frustum that serves as an auxiliary surface. In order to minimize distortions, we introduce a simple quality measure based on distances of points to a fitted cone. We then extend our method to approximately spherical objects by fitting a sphere on the surface of the object and applying a map projection, namely the equirectangular projection known from cartography. Our implementation generates true-to-scale images from triangular meshes. Exemplary results demonstrate our methods on real objects, ranging from small and medium-sized objects such as clay cones from the Ancient Orient and figural friezes of Greek vessels to extremely large objects such as the remains of a cylindrical tower of Heidelberg Castle.
EVALUATION OF GIS AND BIM ROLES FOR THE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT OF HISTORICAL BUILDINGS
Authors: Saygi G. , Agugiaro G. , Hamamcıoğlu-Turan M. , Remondino F.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. An architectural heritage object carries heterogeneous and multi-layered information beyond physical characteristics. It requires an integrated representation of various types of information for understanding and management prior to the decision-making process of conservation. This requirement is a twofold manner consisting of representation and management processes. There exists a variety of approaches for representation of heritage objects in digital three-dimensional (3D) environment, but the selection of the appropriate one according to the needs is crucial. On one hand, there have been recently great attempts to adopt Building Information Modeling (BIM) for historical buildings. Nevertheless, the related works in the topic focus mainly on pre-processing of data, such as the integration of born-digital material into a BIM environment and the creation of parametric objects according to historical building characteristics. As the information management of a historical building requires enhanced attribute management and integration of different datasets, further investigation on the BIM capabilities in management terms is crucial. On the other hand, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have great potentials in exploring spatial relationships, but their potential in 3D representation is still somehow limited. The paper reviews and evaluates the roles of BIM and GIS, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages for integration, retrieval and management of heterogeneous data in the context of historical buildings.
POSITIONING IN TIME AND SPACE – COST-EFFECTIVE EXTERIOR ORIENTATION FOR AIRBORNE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PHOTOGRAPHS
Authors: Verhoeven G. , Wieser M. , Briese C. , Doneus M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Since manned, airborne aerial reconnaissance for archaeological purposes is often characterised by more-or-less random photographing of archaeological features on the Earth, the exact position and orientation of the camera during image acquisition becomes very important in an effective inventorying and interpretation workflow of these aerial photographs. Although the positioning is generally achieved by simultaneously logging the flight path or directly recording the camera's position with a GNSS receiver, this approach does not allow to record the necessary roll, pitch and yaw angles of the camera. The latter are essential elements for the complete exterior orientation of the camera, which allows – together with the inner orientation of the camera – to accurately define the portion of the Earth recorded in the photograph. This paper proposes a cost-effective, accurate and precise GNSS/IMU solution (image position: 2.5 m and orientation: 2°, both at 1σ) to record all essential exterior orientation parameters for the direct georeferencing of the images. After the introduction of the utilised hardware, this paper presents the developed software that allows recording and estimating these parameters. Furthermore, this direct georeferencing information can be embedded into the image's metadata. Subsequently, the first results of the estimation of the mounting calibration (i.e. the misalignment between the camera and GNSS/IMU coordinate frame) are provided. Furthermore, a comparison with a dedicated commercial photographic GNSS/IMU solution will prove the superiority of the introduced solution. Finally, an outlook on future tests and improvements finalises this article.
CONNECTING WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATIONS AND MONITORING WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE SILK ROADS CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Vileikis O. , Dumont B. , Serruys E. , Van Balen K. , Tigny V. , De Maeyer P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Serial transnational World Heritage nominations are challenging the way cultural heritage has been managed and evaluated in the past. Serial transnational World Heritage nominations are unique in that they consist of multiple sites listed as one property, distributed in different countries, involving a large diversity of stakeholders in the process. As a result, there is a need for precise baseline information for monitoring, reporting and decision making. This type of nomination requires different methodologies and tools to improve the monitoring cycle from the beginning of the nomination towards the periodic reporting. The case study of the Silk Roads Cultural Heritage Resource Information System (CHRIS) illustrates the use of a Geographical Content Management System (Geo-CMS) supporting the serial transnational World Heritage nomination and the monitoring of the Silk Roads in the five Central Asian countries. The Silk Roads CHRIS is an initiative supported by UNESCO World Heritage Centre (WHC) and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO), and developed by a consortium headed by the Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation (RLICC) at the KULeuven. The Silk Roads CHRIS has been successfully assisting in the preparation of the nomination dossiers of the Republics of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan and will be used as a tool for monitoring tool in the Central Asian countries.
TLS DATA FOR 2D REPRESENTATION AND 3D MODELING. DIFFERENT APPROACHES TESTED IN THE CASE OF SAN GIOVANNI IN SALUZZO (CN) ITALY
Authors: Bonfanti C. , Chiabrando F. , Rinaudo F.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanners) data today represents one of the most attractive ways to face the metric survey of an architectural object. When a restoration project is needed not many restorers are used to managing 3D models and traditional graphic results such as plans and sections are usually required. The paper defines a correct balance between the use of traditional (manual and total station) and TLS techniques in order to satisfy the usual requirements for the metric survey of an architectural object in order to obtain a complete 2D documentation of the San Giovanni Church in Saluzzo (Cn)– Italy that would be used for the restoration both of the decorative apparatus and of the structure of the church. Furthermore using the acquired 3D data some tests on commercial and open-source software for 3D modeling purpose are realised. The paper deals first of all with the followed methodology for the 2D documentation starting from 3D data. Moreover an analysis and a comparison between different software packages for the 3D modeling phase is reported.
COMBINED GEOMETRIC AND THERMAL ANALYSIS FROM UAV PLATFORMS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Brumana R. , Oreni D. , Van Hecke L. , Barazzetti L. , Previtali M. , Roncoroni F. , Valente R.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The aim of this work is to study the value and potential of UAV technology as an instrument for documenting and analyzing a heritage site on both the detailed scale and the wider territorial scale. In particular, this paper will focus on the application of an UAV platform on the archeological site of Isola Comacina (Comacina Island), in the Lago di Como (Lake Como, Lombardy, Northern Italy). The work considers the advantages of different metric scales and the use of both RGB and thermal imagery, along with other terrestrial data (total station measurements and laser scans), in order to arrive at a working heritage information model. In particular, the archaeological remains on Isola Comacina have been intensively studied before by standard techniques but unfortunately no wider context is provided. A part of the research is the investigation of new methodologies offered by accurate geometric reconstructions combined with thermal imagery acquired by means of UAV platforms, e.g. the support of this type of imagery to discover rock formations partially buried.
MONUMENT DAMAGE INFORMATION SYSTEM (MONDIS): AN ONTOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CULTURAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Cacciotti R. , Valach J. , Kuneš P. , Čerňanský M. , Blaško M. , Křemen P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Deriving from the complex nature of cultural heritage conservation it is the need for enhancing a systematic but flexible organization of expert knowledge in the field. Such organization should address comprehensively the interrelations and complementariness among the different factors that come into play in the understanding of diagnostic and intervention problems. The purpose of MONDIS is to endorse this kind of organization. The approach consists in applying an ontological representation to the field of heritage conservation in order to establish an appropriate processing of data. The system allows replicating in a computer readable form the basic dependence among factors influencing the description, diagnosis and intervention of damages to immovable objects. More specifically MONDIS allows to input and search entries concerning object description, structural evolution, location characteristics and risk, component, material properties, surveys and measurements, damage typology, damage triggering events and possible interventions. The system supports searching features typical of standard databases, as it allows for the digitalization of a wide range of information including professional reports, books, articles and scientific papers. It also allows for computer aided retrieval of information tailored to user's requirements. The foreseen outputs will include a web user interface and a mobile application for visual inspection purposes.
THE 3D DOCUMENTATION OF PROJECTED WOODEN WINDOWS (THE ROSHANS) IN THE OLD CITY OF JEDDAH (SAUDI ARABIA) USING IMAGE-BASED TECHNIQUES
Authors: Alitany A. , Rebondo E. , Adas A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The Roshan represents one of the most characteristic aspects of traditional architecture in Hejaz (Saudi Arabia) and a frequent feature in most of the Historical Jeddah's heritage buildings. The old city has witnessed continued degradation recently, which has caused the loss its traditional architecture and hundreds of these projected wooden windows. Documentation is a major step towards heritage preservation, whether threatened by man-made or natural factors. However, due to the absence of specialists and experts an architectural database of the Roshans does not exist. Surveying these architectural elements is a very laborious and difficult process when using conventional methodologies including the laser sensors approach mainly due to the onsite limitations. Establishing an architectural database of the Roshans is the main objective in this research paper, based on the continuous development of data capture and modelling methodologies that allows the accurate recording of even the most complex and intricate details and patterns which are typically found in Roshans. Recent advances in image based techniques (digital close-range photogrammetry and computer vision) such as the semi-automated solutions of Dense Stereo Matching (DSM) and 3D modelling software has offered an accurate, inexpensive and practical solution to surveying, documenting and reconstructing these architectural heritage features. In this paper the application of these methods is tested and evaluated on the Roshans in the old city of Jeddah.
Ultrasound-based density determination via buffer rod techniques: a review
Authors: Hoche S. , Hussein M. A. , Becker T.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The review presents the fundamental ideas, assumptions and methods of non-invasive density measurements via ultrasound at solid–liquid interface. Since the first investigations in the 1970s there has been steady progress with regard to both the technological and methodical aspects. In particular, the technology in electronics has reached such a high level that industrial applications come within reach. In contrast, the accuracies have increased slowly from 1–2% to 0.15% for constant temperatures and to 0.4% for dynamic temperature changes. The actual work reviews all methodical aspects, and highlights the lack of clarity in major parts of the measurement principle: simplifications in the physical basics, signal generation and signal processing. With respect to process application the accuracy of the temperature measurement and the presence of temperature gradients have been identified as a major source of uncertainty. In terms of analytics the main source of uncertainty is the reflection coefficient, and as a consequence of this, the amplitude accuracy in time or frequency domain.
Economics of scholarly communication in transition
Authors: Morrison Heather
Published: July 2013

Academic library budgets are the primary source of revenue for scholarly journal publishing. There is more than enough money in the budgets of academic libraries to fund a fully open access scholarly journal publishing system. Seeking efficiencies, such as a reasonable average cost per article, will be key to a successful transition. This article presents macro level economic data and analysis illustrating the key factors and potential for cost savings.
COMPARISON OF STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF TWO STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBERS FILLED WITH CARBON BLACK, CARBON–SILICA DUAL-PHASE FILLER, AND SILICA
Authors: Ma Jian-Hua , Zhao Su-He , Zhang Li-Qun , Wu You-Ping
Published: July 2013

Heat buildup, wet skid resistance (WSR), wear resistance (WR), and cutting and chipping resistance (CCR) of carbon black (CB), carbon–silica dual-phase filler (CSDPF), and silica-filled two kinds of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) were investigated. For the same SBR systems, the composite filled with silica exhibited the lowest heat generation and highest WSR performance, whereas it showed the worst WR and CCR among the three composites. The CSDPF-filled composite obtained a balanced overall performance. Rubber processing analyzer (RPA) strain sweep results showed that the CSDPF-filled composite exhibits the lowest Payne effect, which is related to filler networking in the rubber matrix. Solid-state 1H low-field NMR demonstrated that the sequence of the filler–rubber interaction of the composites was CB > CSDPF > silica. Bis-(3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl)-tetrasulfide increased the cross-link density of the silica-filled composite. For the composites with different fillers, the lower filler network structure and higher cross-link density result in the lowest heat generation of silica-filled composite, and the strongest filler–rubber interaction leads to the best WR and CCR performances of the CB-filled composite. Filled SBR5025 composites exhibited better WR, lower heat buildup, and worse CCR than filled SBR1712 composites with the same filler.
The influence of non-living mulch, mechanical and thermal treatments on weed population and yield of rainfed fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Fontanelli M. , Raffaelli M. , Martelloni L. , Frasconi C. , Ginanni M. , Peruzzi A.
Published: July 2013

Weed control is often a major limitation for vegetable crops, since compared to arable crops fewer herbicides are available and the crops are more sensitive to weeds. Field experiments were carried out in the province of Pisa (Central Italy) to determine the effect of two different mulches (black biodegradable plastic film and wheat straw) and mechanical and thermal treatments on weed population and yield of rain-fed fresh market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Rolling harrow, flaming machine and precision hoe for weed control, which were either built, enhanced or modified by the University of Pisa were used separately (mechanical-thermal strategy) or in combination with a straw mulch (mechanical-thermal-straw strategy). These two innovative strategies were compared with the traditional farming system, which uses a biodegradable plastic mulch film. The strategies were compared in terms of machine performance, weed density, total labour requirement, weed dry biomass, and crop fresh yield at harvest. The total operative time for weed control was on average ~25 h ha-1 for the two systems, which included mulching, and over 30 h ha-1 for the mechanical-thermal strategy. The three strategies controlled weeds effectively, with only 30 g m-2 in each treatment. Tomato yield, however, was 35% higher for strategies that included mulching (both biodegradable film and straw).
Short communication. Presence, quantification and phylogeny of Israeli acute paralysis virus of honeybees in Andalusia (Spain)
Authors: Vicente-Rubiano M. , Kukielka D. , De las Heras A. I. , Sanchez-Vizcaino J. M.
Published: July 2013

This study aimed to assess the possible relationship between the presence of Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) of honeybees and disease symptoms development at the colony level, to describe the IAPV load in field colonies and to illustrate phylogenetic relationships between IAPV isolates in Andalusia (Spain). Presence and load of IAPV was studied in 96 colonies from all provinces in Andalusia. Epidemiological surveys were performed in all the colonies to assess their sanitary status. IAPV was found in 13.5% of the sampled colonies, and no association was observed between the presence of IAPV and disease symptoms at the colony level. An average IAPV load was established in 4.9•105 genome equivalent copies per bee. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Andalusian isolates belong to a different lineage to a previously described isolate found in Valencia (2010). The results of this study will help us understand the epidemiology and effect of IAPV on Spanish colonies.
Development of two portable patternators to improve drift control and operator training in the operation of vineyard sprayers
Authors: Gil E. , Landers A. , Gallart M. , Llorens J.
Published: July 2013

Spray drift can be defined as the quantity of plant protection product that is carried out of the sprayed area by the action of air currents during the application process. Efficacy of pesticide applications in orchards and vineyards is highly dependent on matching the canopy characteristics with the liquid distribution on a vertical plane, this being influenced by the type of sprayer, the nozzle orientation and air outlet adjustment. Two simple vertical patternators were designed and developed with the express purpose to be used in field conditions for the adjustment of vineyard canopy sprayers. Three different orchard sprayers were selected for comparative field trials of two new patternators with an already commercially available portable vertical patternator designed at University of Turin (Italy). The objective was to evaluate their efficiency in terms of spray recovery, symmetry and repeatability. Results show the ability of the two prototypes to measure the vertical distribution of liquid, as well as the important similarities between the liquid distribution profiles obtained with both patternators in comparison to the reference one. Trials conducted with the three different orchard sprayers show the suitability of this kind of tool, not only for research purposes but also for training activities and as part of the sprayer calibration process. Important benefits from both an economic and a sustainable point of view can be obtained regarding adequate liquid distribution according to the crop characteristics, this being especially interesting in field conditions.
Simulating improved combinations tillage-rotation under dryland conditions
Authors: Soldevilla-Martinez M. , Martin-Lammerding D. , Tenorio J. L. , Walter I. , Quemada M. , Lizaso J. I.
Published: July 2013

Crop simulation models allow analyzing various tillage-rotation combinations and exploring management scenarios. This study was conducted to test the DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) modelling system in rainfed semiarid central Spain. The focus is on the combined effect of tillage system and winter cereal-based rotations (cereal/legume/fallow) on the crop yield and soil quality. The observed data come from a 16-year field experiment. The CERES and CROPGRO models, included in DSSAT v4.5, were used to simulate crop growth and yield, and DSSAT-CENTURY was used in the soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen (SN) simulations. Genetic coefficients were calibrated using part of the observed data. Field observations showed that barley grain yield was lower for continuous cereal (BB) than for vetch (VB) and fallow (FB) rotations for both tillage systems. The CERES-Barley model also reflected this trend. The model predicted higher yield in the conventional tillage (CT) than in the no tillage (NT) probably due to the higher nitrogen availability in the CT, shown in the simulations. The SOC and SN in the top layer only, were higher in NT than in CT, and decreased with depth in both simulated and observed values. These results suggest that CT-VB and CT-FB were the best combinations for the dry land conditions studied. However, CT presented lower SN and SOC content than NT. This study shows how models can be a useful tool for assessing and predicting crop growth and yield, under different management systems and under specific edapho-climatic conditions.
Sort communication. Genotype × environment interaction analysis in two chickpea RIL populations
Authors: Carreras J. , Rubio J. , Flores F. , Millan T. , Gil J.
Published: July 2013

In order to introduce new chickpea germplasm in Argentina, two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations F6:7 of twenty lines, each one derived from crosses between kabuli and desi types, were evaluated for yield components in different sites and years. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis was applied to study the performance of different genotypes in different environments. Genotype (G), environment (E) and GE interaction effects were highly significant in both populations for seeds/plant, yield/plant and seed size (100-seed weight). Large differences were observed between the two populations for seeds/plant and seed size. We recommend that some genotypes from these two populations with good performance in a range of environments could be used to introduce new germplasm to the Argentine chickpea breeding programme. The significant GE interactions seem to be related to differences between two geographical areas (Salta and Córdoba/San Luis), at different latitudes and altitudes. These results suggest that these regions should be considered as different macro-environments from the point of view of the chickpea breeding programme.
Effect of different fertilization strategies on nitrogen balance in an outdoor potted crop of Osteospermum ecklonis (DC.) Norl. ‘Purple Red’ under Mediterranean climate conditions
Authors: Narvaez L. , Caceres R. , Marfà O.
Published: July 2013

Fertilization management and meteorological conditions can affect leachate composition and the balance of nitrogen (N) added during the cultivation of ornamentals. The main objectives of this study were to estimate the N balance components and to establish relationships between the N concentration in leachates and meteorological variables when different fertilization strategies are used in an outdoor potted crop of Osteospermum ecklonis (DC.) Norl. ‘Purple Red’. Two fertilizations strategies, i.e. continuous fertigation (NS) and incorporated controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), were applied to the crop. The treatments were two NS doses (NO3-N concentration in each NS, NS-A: 154 mg L-1 and NS-B: 112 mg L-1) and two CRF doses (CRF-C: 5.0 g L-1 of substrate and CRF-D: 2.5 g L-1 of substrate). The N loss by leaching was higher in the NS-A treatment than in the other ones (1.1 g pot-1, 11% of total available N). The amount of N accumulated by the plants was higher in the NS treatments than in the CRF treatments (average 2.5 g pot-1, 29.5% of total available N). However the efficiency of use of N was the greatest in the CRF-D treatment (23.9 g dry matter produced g-1 N supplied). About 50% of the total available N was measured in the substrate in all treatments (average 3.8 g pot-1). The concentration of N in the leachates for the two CRF treatments did not correlate with the substrate temperature or precipitation. The N released from the CRF matched the nutritional requirements of the plants better than the N applied by continuous fertigation.