bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) and Effective Coughing on Respiratory Rate Changes in COPD Patients
Authors: Sawitri Atri Mega , Yuniarti Enny Virda , Pratiwi Rizky Meuthia
Published: January 2025

Background: COPD is a chronic obstructive disease that causes breathing resistance, resulting in an increase in respiratory frequency. To reduce shortness of breath in COPD patients, independent nursing interventions can be carried out, one of which is providing a combination of Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) techniques. In addition to loosening and relieving the respiratory tract.Purpose: this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) and effective coughing in reducing respiratory rate among patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).Methods: using a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach, 30 COPD patients from Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Regional General Hospital were recruited via purposive sampling technique obtained as many as 30 people. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out by observing the value of respiratory rate before and after giving ACBT and effective cough. Data analysis using paired T-test.Results: the results showed a significant decrease in respiratory rate after the intervention (mean pre-test: 24.97, post-test: 22.97; p 0.001). These findings suggest that ACBT combined with effective coughing is an effective nursing intervention to manage respiratory symptoms in COPD patients.Conclusion: the conclusion is that there is an effect of the combination of Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) and Effective Coughing on changes in repiratory rate in COPD patients.
Efektivitas Variasi Lama Waktu Pengukusan pada Titik Didih 100°C dalam Menurunkan Kadar Formalin pada Tahu Putih
Authors: Nurhaliza Vidiya , Amaliyah Nurul , Lukmitarani Ratih
Published: January 2025

Badan POM menemukan 22 sarana produksi tahu dan mie basah di DKI Jakarta, Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Barat, Kalimantan Timur, Riau, dan Sumatera Barat yang menyalahgunakan formalin sebagai pengawet makanan pada periode Januari hingga Juni 2022. Mengonsumsi makanan berformalin menyebabkan iritasi, gangguan saraf pusat, pencernaan, pernapasan, hingga kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan efektivitas berbagai lama waktu pengukusan pada titik didih 100°C untuk menurunkan kadar formalin pada tahu putih. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pre-experiment dengan desain static group comparison. Sampel berupa 24 buah tahu putih non-formalin di pedagang X Pasar Wage Purwokerto yang direndam larutan formalin 2% selama 30 menit, kemudian dikukus selama 0, 40, 50, dan 60 menit pada titik didih 100°C dengan 6 replikasi. Hasil rata-rata kadar formalin tahu putih dengan pengukusan 0 menit sebesar 350,202 ppm, 40 menit sebesar 346,393 ppm, 50 menit sebesar 341,333 ppm, dan 60 menit sebesar 330,976 ppm. Hasil uji annova one way terdapat perbedan yang signifikan dalam penurunan kadar formalin pada tahu putih yang dikukus pada titik didih 100°C selama 0, 40, 50, dan 60 menit (p-value 0,000). Pengkusan selama 60 menit menurunkan kadar formalin sebesar 5,47% atau 19,225 ppm, 50 menit sebesar 2,52% atau 8,868 ppm, dan 40 menit sebesar 1,08% atau 3,809 ppm. Berbagai variasi lama waktu pengukusan pada titik didih 100°C memiliki efektivitas yang berbeda dalam menurunkan kadar formalin dengan pengukusan selama 60 menit dinilai yang paling efektif. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan metode pengukusan dengan wadah terbuka untuk hasil penurunan kadar formalin yang lebih optimal
E=mc² Is Not a Relativistic Formula
Authors: Ma Qing-Ping
Published: January 2025

The mass-energy formula \(E = mc^{2}\) is thought to be derived by Einstein from special relativity. The present study shows that Maxwell’s electromagnetic momentum \(P = E/c\) and the Newtonian momentum \(P = mv\) imply this formula. It can be derived from classical physics with _c_ as the constant velocity of light in its medium, ether. The present study demonstrates that this classical physics-based formula is also correct in other inertial frames that move relative to the ether frame. In contrast, Einstein’s derivation in 1905 is logically flawed as a relativistic proof because 1) it ignored that the difference rather than the sum of the emitted energy between the opposite directions affects the kinetic energy of the emitting object and made incorrect assumptions; 2) its mass and energy are measured in different reference frames whereas the mass-energy equivalence should be for mass and energy measured in the same reference frame; 3) its result is an approximation and valid only at low velocity whereas the term relativistic usually means “also correct at high velocity.” Einstein’s nonrelativistic derivation in 1946 is incorrect from a relativistic point of view because it ignores the relativistic effects in the moving (observed) frame. It is unnecessary from a classical point of view because it uses the two classical equations \(P = mv\) and \(P = E/c\), from which \(E = mc^{2}\) can be obtained directly. Therefore, \(E = mc^{2}\) is a classical rather than a relativistic formula. The relativistic formula that Einstein should have derived from his thought experiments is \(E = E_{0}/\sqrt{1 - v^{2}/c^{2}} = m_{0}c^{2}/\sqrt{1 - v^{2}/c^{2}}\) derived by Laue and Klein, which corresponds to the relativistic mass-velocity equation derived by Lorentz.
X-ray wagons in the fight against tuberculosis after World War II: primary source analysis and presentation of chosen iconography
Authors: Rosner-Leszczyński Kacper
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the history of X-ray wagons whose service contributed to improving the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. The main aim of the paper is to analyse the surviving sources and present a contributory study that will draw the attention of researchers to the role of X-ray wagons in post-war Poland. The paper uses selected press titles, documents and witness accounts. The article is supplemented by a rich iconography found during a research in the State Archive in Wrocław (Archiwum Państwowe we Wrocławiu) and in the press. Due to the research, it has been possible to reconstruct – at least partially – the appearance, equipment and operation of X-ray wagons in post-war Poland. The study carried out in this article paves the way for further, more extensive studies.
Results of the Online Survey "On the State of Using Historical Sources in Teaching History in High School": Analytical Report (Electronic Edition)
Authors:   The Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Moroz Petro , Moroz Iryna ,   The Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine
Published: January 2025

The analytical report examines the state of using historical sources in teaching history in high school. The report is based on the results of surveys, questionnaires, and interviews conducted with history teachers. The findings of the study enabled the authors to formulate a set of methodological recommendations for teachers, curriculum developers, and authors of history textbooks.
Ba’ḍu Al-Namādzij Fi Istikhdām Al-Kalimāt Al-Mutaqāṭi’ah Ligharaḍ Istiẓhāri Al-Mufrodāt
Authors: Budi Firmansah Setia Budi , Rohanda Rohanda
Published: January 2025

The vocabulary is considered the learner's capital for the target language in terms of speaking, communicating, or conversing in it. The problem that learners often face in this regard is the difficulty of retrieving the vocabulary they need when speaking. They often struggle to find a suitable word that expresses the meaning in their minds. This problem must be addressed as quickly as possible so as not to discourage the learner from practicing speaking. To that end, this study was conducted using a qualitative approach, including desk and field research. Data for this study was collected by observing the reality at Mafaza Institute in Indonesia during the education process, as well as through documenting relevant books and articles. After conducting this study, researchers concluded that the use of crosswords could provide learners with the ability and skill to speak, thus overcoming the major obstacle of difficulty in retrieving vocabulary while speaking. Additionally, crosswords can help prevent boredom among learners and boost their enthusiasm for learning. It is recommended in this study that every teacher craft crosswords based on the vocabulary taught in the classroom rather than just copying and pasting ready-made crosswords from the internet, which often do not align with students' needs. The purpose is to train and practice learners in retrieving vocabulary, making it easier for them to express themselves when speaking, and allowing them to engage in dialogue with friends or teachers more effectively.
Musykilatu Ta’limi Mahaarati Al-Qiraati min’Awaamili ghairu Al-Lughawiyyati wa Hululiha Fii Ta’liimi Al-Lughati Al-‘Arabiyati Fii Madarasah Al-Insan Al-Ibda’iyah
Authors: Muharomi Syahrul , Sanah Siti
Published: January 2025

Problematics in Arabic language learning is a very important aspect to know in order to achieve the objectives of Arabic language learning effectively, this study aims of identifying and analyzing the problematics of learning maharah qira'ah (reading skills) in Arabic language learning at Insan Kreatif School from a non-linguistic point of view. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with an analytic descriptive approach with (case study), data collection techniques in this study are observation, interview, and documentation. This study found that in addition to linguistic factors, there are a number of non-linguistic factors that play a significant role in the difficulties faced by students. These factors include low student motivation, lack of support from the family environment, limited supporting facilities and infrastructure, and the use of learning media that has not been optimized. Through observations and interviews with teachers and students, this study shows that by overcoming these non-linguistic barriers, the Arabic learning process can be significantly improved. The results of this study are expected to contribute in formulating more effective strategies to improve Arabic reading skills in similar schools.
Keywords: reading skills, problems, non-linguistic.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Instability on the Disclosure of Information about Financial Instruments
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Karzun Daniil
Published: January 2025

In the conditions of state of war and high macroeconomic instability, the strengthening of the influence of the financial-economic and socio-political crisis and other negative phenomena, the development of financial markets largely depends on using effective financial instruments. This will make it possible to increase the stability of economic entities in situations of uncertainty and risk accompanying their economic activity at all stages, to increase their own efficiency and to use the opportunities that arise due to the processes of globalization and digitalization of the economy and society. At the same time, the issue of accounting and evaluation of financial instruments is complicated due to the imperfection of the legislative and regulatory framework, incomplete consistency of international and domestic accounting and reporting standards, and the lack of skills in the effective use of the latest financial instruments.
The purpose of the article is to reveal the impact of financial instruments on information disclosure in conditions of macroeconomic instability, taking into account economic prerequisites and the latest approaches to improving their accounting and evaluation. The research was conducted by using the methods of systematic and comparative analysis, classification, economic analysis, and logical generalization. The analysis of scientific works in the field of application of financial instruments, domestic and foreign statistics made it possible to confirm the hypothesis regarding the need to take into account the influence of modern economic conditions on the development of financial instruments, the need for their transformation in accordance with the requirements of digitalization, globalization and active international cooperation.
It has been proven that today the level of globalization is growing at a rapid pace, the impact of environmental, social and management risks is increasing, inflation indices, exchange rates and discount rates of the National Bank of Ukraine are marked by significant fluctuations, increasing the degree of uncertainty of the functioning of economic entities. Financial risks are high, including credit, market (interest, currency, inflation, political) and liquidity risks. It was established that in today's conditions it is advisable to improve approaches to accounting and evaluation of financial instruments, to assess the degree of influence and probability of occurrence of risks in the financial sphere, to focus on the best global practices, to activate and harmonize cooperation in the financial sector.
Modern Determinants of the Development of Economic Entities in the Conditions of a Smart Environment
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Viunyk Olha , Kirichenko Olha ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: January 2025

The paper is devoted to the determination of the specifics of the functioning of economic entities in the conditions of a smart environment and the identification of key determinants of the formation and development of such an environment in the conditions of modern realities. The rapid development of globalization processes and the digital transformation of the economy and society, the active use of the latest technologies, due to the achievements of Industry 4.0, the urgent need to ensure the balance of economic, social and environmental priorities in the process of conducting economic activities have been determined as a key determinants.
The article provides the requirements for the goals and tasks of management under the condition of applying the smart approach, such as their compliance to be specific, measurable, assignable, realistic and time-related. The most common categories related to the introduction of the smart approach are systematized: smart economy, smart specialization, smart city, smart education, smart grid (intelligent energy system), smart farm, and smart taxation. The peculiarities of the formation of each of them and the directions of application at the modern stage were considered. The importance of acquisition by economic entities of such properties as flexibility and adaptability, which allows adapting in the best way to rapid changes in the external and internal environment, to resist the challenges and risks of a turbulent state, has been established.
The areas of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of economic entities in the conditions of a smart environment were substantiated: the implementation of digitalization achievements, the use of the latest technologies, the implementation of sustainable development priorities, the development of human potential, energy efficiency, the economical use of resources, the transformation of the management system and business processes, interaction with stakeholders, development of public-private partnership, implementation of foreign experience, information protection, inclusiveness.
Exploring the Potential of Magnetic Fields on Plant Growth as Monitoring Agricultural Success
Authors: SAKTI KALISA SEFANDA  , Vina Zulviana Nafilla  , Probo Anggara  , Sudarti  , Kendid
Published: January 2025

The physical field created by an electrically charged object is called an electromagnetic field. This research aims to determine the impact of using magnetic fields on crop productivity and quality in order to achieve success in agriculture. The type of research used is qualitative with the method of literature review or literature review relevant to the research title. The results showed that the comparison of several previous studies. The results of checking soil conditions using magnetics to increase agricultural yields and the potential influence of magnetic fields on plant growth. This research will provide readers with a deeper understanding of how magnetic fields can affect plants.
Analysis of the implementation of the recommendations of international organizations on the status of teachers in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Baishev University, Balmagambetova V.M. , Kakhanov A.S. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2025

The topic of this article is devoted to the study of specialized Kazakh and foreign legal acts, and norms related to the regulation of the status of university teachers. The legal issues of the status of teachers in the system of higher education are becoming relevant worldwide, in all states, including the Republic of Kazakhstan. In this regard, the Republic of Kazakhstan systematically raises the issue of the need to improve the status of teachers of higher education, which affects the quality of higher education. The relevance of the topic is also highlighted by the 1998 World Declaration on Higher Education for the Twenty-First Century. This article presents an analysis of the legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan that regulate the status of teachers of higher education institutions. In addition, the article proposes a new draft of the Kazakh law: "On the status, powers and encouragement of the teacher of higher education institution", in order to improve the status of the country's teaching staff. Features, structure of the status of teachers in the system of higher education are studied in the context of Kazakhstan law and public international law. The recommendations of international organizations in the issue of raising the status of teaching staff have been studied. In addition, some international documents dealing with the status of teachers were analyzed.
Legal issues in joint developments of South Korea and Kazakhstan in the field of subsoil use
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zharmakhanbetova B.A. , Saktaganova A.B. ,   A.K. Kussayinov Eurasian Humanitarian Institute, Saktaganova I.S. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2025

South Korea and Kazakhstan are actively developing cooperation in the field of subsoil use, seeking to combine their resources and technological capabilities for mutually beneficial partnership. Kazakhstan, which has rich mineral reserves, attracts investments and the experience from South Korea for the effective management and development of its natural resources. At the same time, South Korea, which needs stable supplies of raw materials, gets access to Kazakh resources, which contributes to the diversification of its sources of raw materials and strengthening economic security. The key areas of cooperation are the exploration and production of oil, natural gas, rare earth elements and other minerals. Joint projects include the creation of modern mining enterprises, the introduction of advanced technologies and the exchange of experience in the field of environmentally sound subsoil use. Both States are also working to create favorable conditions for investments and develop a regulatory-legal framework that promotes long-term and sustainable development of the subsurface use sector. Such cooperation allows Kazakhstan to improve infrastructure and attract modern technologies, which contributes to the sustainable development of the national economy. For South Korea, the partnership with Kazakhstan opens up new opportunities to expand its presence in the international resource market and strengthen economic ties with Central Asia.
CSR and Financial Fraud: Board Gender and Audit Committee Expertise as Moderating
Authors: Fatul Lathiifah Ofii , Fuad Fuad
Published: January 2025

Financial statement fraud negatively impacts for the company, both materially and immaterially, including reduced stakeholders trust. The highlights the need for transparency through CSR reports. CSR represent the company’s transparency and reduce fraud. However, oportunistic managers may exploit CSR as a tool to conceal fraudulent actions. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between CSR disclosure and financial statement fraud, as well as the moderating effects of gender diversity on boards of commissioners and committee expertise. This study is a quantitative approach with a population of state-owned companies listed on IDX from 2019 to 2023. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, which resulted in 20 companies. The analysis methods were panel data logistic regression and MRA using the Eviews 12 software. The results indicated that CSR disclosure positively influences financial statement fraud. Gender diversity on the board does not moderate this relationship, while audit committee with financial expertise weakens the relationship between CSR disclosure and financial statement fraud. The findings contribute to agency theory and provide practical implications for companies and investors in identifying potential fraud related to CSR activities. The novelty of this research is the addition of two moderating variables.
Uji Moderasi Kontrol Perilaku Konsumen Dalam Hubungan Kepercayaan E-Retail Dan Niat Belanja Daring
Authors: Setyaning Alldila Nadhira Ayu
Published: January 2025

Pesatnya pertumbuhan e-commerce, tantangan membangun kepercayaan terhadap platform daring, dan keterbatasan penelitian sebelumnya yang jarang memfokuskan pada karakteristik unik Gen Z di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Hal ini kemudian menimbulkan isu penting dalam memahami pengaruh kepercayaan terhadap niat belanja daring pada Gen Z di Indonesia, dengan kontrol perilaku sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepercayaan terhadap niat belanja daring dengan kontrol perilaku sebagai variabel moderasi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah dengan uji Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) dengan melibatkan 200 responden dari Gen Z di Indonesia. Data dianalisis untuk menguji validitas, reliabilitas, dan model struktural melalui nilai outer loading, Average Variance Extracted (AVE), dan R-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat belanja daring, dan kontrol perilaku juga secara langsung berpengaruh signifikan terhadap niat belanja daring. Namun, pengaruh moderasi kontrol perilaku dalam hubungan antara kepercayaan dan niat belanja daring tidak signifikan. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi teoritis dan praktis terkait pentingnya kepercayaan dan kontrol perilaku konsumen dalam meningkatkan niat belanja daring, serta mengidentifikasi keterbatasan kontrol perilaku sebagai moderator dalam konteks ini.
Algorithm for Semantic Network Generation from Texts of Low Resource Languages Such as Kiswahili
Authors: Mohamed Abdulrahman , Hadullo Kennedy
Published: January 2025

Processing low-resource languages, such as Kiswahili, using machine learning is difficult due to lack of adequate training data. However, such low-resource languages are still important for human communication and are already in daily use and users need practical machine processing tasks such as summarization, disambiguation and even question answering (QA). One method of processing such languages, while bypassing the need for training data, is the use semantic networks. Some low resource languages, such as Kiswahili, are of the subject-verb-object (SVO) structure, and similarly semantic networks are a triple of subject-predicate-object, hence SVO parts of speech tags can map into a semantic network triple. An algorithm to process raw natural language text and map it into a semantic network is therefore necessary and desirable in structuring low resource languages texts. This algorithm tested on the Kiswahili QA task with up to 78.6% exact match.
Convolution Neural Network Approach for Single Image Super Resolution
Authors: Lajja Dave  , Neha Patel  , Nayana Suresh
Published: January 2025

The goal of Super-Resolution (SR) is to generate a higher-resolution image from lower-resolution input images. High-resolution images offer more pixel density, thus capturing finer details of the original scene. Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR) seeks to restore a high-resolution image from a single low-resolution input, which is a significant challenge in computer vision. This process involves using the low-resolution image as the input and the high-resolution image as the reference, with the SR model producing the predicted high-resolution output. This paper proposes a neural network-based approach utilizing convolutional layers to improve Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and reduce processing time compared to traditional methods. The architecture consists of a convolutional layer, a max-pooling layer, and a reconstruction layer.
An Integrated Hybrid Model for Cyber Threat Intrusion Detection for Satellite Ground Station Networks Using Transformers and Random Forest.
Authors: Waibi Brian  , S R Raja
Published: January 2025

Satellite Ground Station Networks (SGSN) facilitate communication services for critical infrastructure in space systems. These networks can seamlessly integrate with diverse space and ground systems. However, the dynamic rise of cyber threats and attacks in the NewSpace era has underscored the critical need for robust intrusion detection systems (IDS) in satellite ground station networked environments which face unique security and privacy challenges. Traditional learning techniques such as statistics and knowledge-based techniques have limitations: they cannot be easily modified, they cannot identify new malicious attacks, low accuracy, and high false alarms. Additionally, the scarcity of effective security data sets and the constantly evolving nature of intrusion attacks hinder the development of comprehensive and adaptive IDS solutions. These issues necessitate improved accuracy and effectiveness of IDS to detect new and emerging threats, vital in preventing data breaches or potential shutdowns of satellite systems. An integrated hybrid IDS model leveraging RF and Transformer is proposed to optimize the detection performance of malicious activities in network traffic. The Proposed model exploits the self-attention mechanism of the Transformer model to select important features from the augmented dataset and is then trained using the Random Forest model to enhance the early detection accuracy of various intrusion attacks, including Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks and Benign (Normal) data. An empirical experiment is conducted using publicly available datasets such as Satellite Terrestrial Integrated Network (STIN), and CSE-CIC-IDS2018, and the integrated hybrid model attains 99.90% overall weighted accuracy better than individual models of Transformer and Random Forest (RF). The results validate that the proposed method effectively detects various types of DDoS attacks and Benign (Normal) traffic and thus can be integrated into SGSNs.
Characterization of Hybrid Nano Fluid Synthesized from Silica and Lanthania Nanoparticles Dispersed in Nitric acid
Authors: Dr. K. Fazlur Rahman  , Praveen B.M
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, manufacturing industries demand lucrative, sustainable, and environment-friendly coolant materials to boost machining performance of difficult-to-cut materials. In machining process, the interaction of the tool with the workpiece generates higher temperatures, more friction, and consequently variation in its heat distribution. The metal shearing happens while machining and huge amount of mechanical energy is converted into heat energy due to the materialization of the chip. The most common method of boosting the machining efficiency of superalloys is the application of lubricants. It increases lifetime of tool and increase efficiency of machining methods. However, these methods may cause the ecological threats. Recently, scholars have proposed some methods alternative to conventional lubrication/cooling systems to support green manufacturing. Application of hybrid nano-lubricants handles the above problems as it delivers better permanence, heat transfer property, and greater surface-to-volume proportion without contaminating the atmosphere for machining superalloys. This research proposes a method for the synthesizing hybrid nano-lubricants by adding silica (SiO2) and Lanthania (La2O3) nano additives. This hybrid nano-lubricants is synthesized through the chemical wet synthesis technique without using powerful polar solvents. Variations in the crystalline configuration of Lanthania and deviations in surface features of binary oxides are studied for different composition of the Silica with Lanthania. Different samples of Si to La molar ratios of 0:1, 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.3:1, and 0.4:1 are analyzed through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) examination. By evaluating the thermophysical characteristics of all the samples, this research chooses LaSi0.3 as the optimum specimen to synthesize nano-lubricants for machining superalloys. Then, the derived sample is dispersed in nitric acid (HNO3) to prepare Silica/Lanthania /Nitric acid lubricant.
Operational Performance of AKDP Route Network in Gorontalo: A Comparative Meta-Analysis Study of AKDP Route Network in Indonesia
Authors: Anton Kaharu  , Arrafi Himatul Gude  , Mohammad Yusuf Tuloli
Published: January 2025

Public transportation is one of the important components in a regional transportation system. The intra-provincial city transportation (AKDP) routes in Gorontalo are the object of research in this study. This study aims to analyze the operational performance of AKDP routes in Gorontalo by considering several important variables, namely load factor, travel speed, headway, average waiting time, travel time, and frequency. This study also compares the results of the analysis with the results of the meta-analysis of the operational performance of public transportation in Indonesia. The results of the study are expected to provide insight for improving the public transportation system, especially in Gorontalo, as well as provide recommendations for more efficient and sustainable transportation policies.
Usage of Phytohormones for Aseptic Regeneration of Two Medicinal Important Plant Species, Adhatoda Vasica and Aloe Vera
Authors: Sanjay Kumar
Published: January 2025

Two plants species Aloe vera and Adhatoda vasica belongs to family Liliaceae (Asphodelaceae) and Acanthaceae respectively. Present study was carried out to establishment of systematics protocol for ascetic, in-vitro regeneration of these plants using different concentration of phytohormones specifically cytokinin and auxin. The experimental result indicates percentages of regeneration was maximum in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium with combination of 3mg/l BAP and 0.75mg/l NAA in Aloe barbadensis for direct shoot induction and 4mg/l BAP with 1mg/l NAA for indirect shoot regeneration, while in Adhatoda vasica highest percentage of shoot induction observed in 1 mg/l BAP and 0.2mg/l NAA. MS medium with combination of 1mg/l IBA was found to be best for the root induction in both the plant species.
Pengaruh Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap QOL Pasien Skizofrenia: Systematic Review
Authors: Tsanifiandi Fauzi , Fitryasari Rizki , Iskandar Iskandar , Astuti Trihaningsih Puji , Hidayati Nurul
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Patients with schizophrenia experience symptoms that affect their quality of life such as working, socializing, and other daily activities. Families have the main task of caring for patients when they are sick. This systematic review aims to investigate QoL in schizophrenia patients who receive family support during the treatment process.
Methods: Springer Link, Pubmed, Sage Journal, and Science Direct databases were used for literature search. The literature used was published within the last 5 years that examined family support on QoL of patients with schizophrenia. Articles were read and analyzed using the PRISMA procedure to guide this review.
Results: The literature search yielded 375 research articles, 11 of which were included after multiple selections in the systematic review. Overall, patients with schizophrenia when supported by their families had significantly higher QoL. Family support influenced QoL on the constructs of social interaction, psychological status and functional ability in patients with schizophrenia.
Conclusion: Further research is needed on the development of interventions that utilize family support through family empowerment in its implementation.application of this therapy. Future CBT programs can focus on developing the content of CBT by utilizing the internal and external factors of adolescents based on the findings of this study.

Key words: family support, quality of life, schizophrenia
O cravo brigou com a rosa: uma análise da violência doméstica e de gênero no Brasil
Authors: Anadão Karina Lino
Published: January 2025

Essa pesquisa consiste em uma análise documental qualitativa de uma amostragem de 32 mulheres de 15 a 70 anos, usuárias de um Centro de Referência Especializado em Assistência Social (CREAS) do município de Presidente Prudente, em razão da violência doméstica, com o objetivo de estabelecer a prevalência tipificada (violência física, psicológica, moral, sexual, patrimonial) e média da idade das mulheres, através da análise dos dados contidos nos prontuários do ano de 2024. A violência contra a mulher é um fenômeno global, que ocorre nas diversas classes sociais, gerações, etnias, e que pode ser definida como qualquer ato ou conduta que baseada no gênero cause morte, dano ou sofrimento físico, mental e especificamente no Brasil os números são alarmantes: onde uma mulher é morta a cada duas horas, e só no ano de 2023 foram registrados 1467 feminicídios no Brasil, sendo de extrema relevância estudos e pesquisas sobre o tema. Como resultado encontrou-se uma prevalência de mulheres pardas, com maior prevalência de violência psicológica, seguida da violência física em números absolutos. Políticas públicas precisam ser implementadas dentro do perfil de mulheres encontrado em pesquisas como essa.
ВПЛИВ МІЖСЕКТОРАЛЬНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ НА СТІЙКІСТЬ ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ЕЛІТ І РОЗВИТОК ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ВЛАДИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Назарчук Олександр
Published: January 2025

У статті розглянуто вплив міжсекторальної взаємодії на стійкість політичних еліт і розвиток державної влади в Україні. Підкреслено, що така взаємодія забезпечує адаптацію політичних структур до швидкозмінного суспільного контексту та сприяє сталому розвитку. Особливу увагу приділено аналізу відносин між державним, громадським і приватним секторами, що мають важливу роль у підтримці соціальної стабільності та демократичного розвитку. Проаналізовано, як війна з Росією підсилює потребу в консолідації зусиль усіх секторів для забезпечення стабільності, підвищення довіри до політичних інститутів і посилення легітимності влади. Зазначено, що в умовах воєнної агресії міжсекторальна взаємодія є не лише бажаною, але й необхідною умовою ефективного функціонування держави. Зокрема, висвітлено роль консультацій із громадськістю, громадських рад, експертних груп та інших механізмів взаємодії політичних еліт і громадянського суспільства, які сприяють підвищенню прозорості державних процесів і формуванню політик, орієнтованих на потреби суспільства. Підкреслено переваги таких інструментів, як можливість врахування різних поглядів, залучення громадськості до процесу ухвалення рішень, а також зменшення ризиків суспільної напруженості шляхом відкритого діалогу. Водночас зазначено, що існують і певні недоліки цих механізмів, зокрема складність досягнення консенсусу між різними інтересами, що може уповільнювати процес прийняття рішень. Особливу увагу приділено аналізу впливу громадянського суспільства на формування політичного порядку денного й забезпечення підзвітності політичних еліт. Така взаємодія є важливим фактором сприяння демократизації державної влади, протидії корупції та зміцнення громадської довіри. У статті також наголошено на важливості подальшого розвитку механізмів участі громадянського суспільства у процесах управління, що, зі свого боку, сприятиме посиленню стійкості політичних еліт і забезпеченню сталого розвитку країни.
Conceptual Metaphor Analysis on ‘The Greatest Showman’ Soundtrack Album
Authors: Kartika Melina Dewi , Rayvinsi Siuli  , Candi Kris Zai  , Oey Leonardo
Published: January 2025

Music serves as a medium of communication through words that rhyme, accompanied by the sounds of instruments to enhance enjoyment. Lyrics often use rhyming sentences and are frequently crafted using metaphors. Metaphors play a significant role in music creation, as they simplify complex ideas into messages that are easier to understand. The interpretation of metaphors, however, depends on their context, which can lead to varying meanings. This study aims to analyze metaphorical lines in music and explore their intended meanings. Focusing on the album from The Greatest Showman, a film of the same name, the study examines four selected songs: "A Million Dreams," "From Now On," "This is Me," and "Rewrite the Stars." These songs were chosen for their rich lyrical content and meaningful metaphors. The analysis identifies the use of conceptual metaphors as a key element in the lyrics, showing how they convey profound and relatable messages. The findings of this study highlight the prevalence and importance of conceptual metaphors in musical lyrics. They serve not only as artistic tools but also as bridges for listeners to connect emotionally with the music. By breaking down the metaphors in these four songs, the study provides insights into how simple yet powerful messages are conveyed through metaphorical expressions, making the lyrics resonate deeply with audiences.
A központi jogszabályok kihirdetésének garanciális kérdései a magyar fejlődés-történetben a kiegyezés korától napjainkig
Authors: Bíró Péter
Published: January 2025

A jogszabályok kihirdetésének garanciális kérdéseként érdemes szólni a kihirdetésnek a jogszabályok közjogi érvényessége tekintetében betöltött szerepéről, a kihirdetés és a hatálybalépés kapcsolatáról, a jogszabályok tartalmának a címzettjeivel való közléséről, továbbá a helyreigazítás témaköréről. A fenti területek a XIX. század második felétől napjainkig terjedő magyar fejlődéstörténetben permanensen lényegesek voltak azzal együtt, hogy a részleteik tekintetében a politikai-társadalmi szemléletben és a normatív szabályozásban időnként megjelentek újabb elemek.
Pengembangan Sistem Penerimaan Barang Berbasis Android Pada Suatu Perusahaan
Authors: Zulafin Nur Rosyidah  , Heru Supriyono
Published: January 2025

Era digital yang terus berkembang menjadi bagian penting bagi perusahaan modern, namun ketidakefisienan dalam proses manual penerimaan barang menjadi hambatan dalam transformasi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengatasi masalah tersebut melalui aplikasi "ReceivApp" yang dikembangkan menggunakan Android Studio dan Firebase. Aplikasi ini menonjolkan hasil tampilan sistem yang mudah digunakan, dengan memanfaatkan fitur pemindaian QR kode untuk pencatatan yang cepat dan akurat. Selain itu, kemudahan dalam pencarian data barang turut mempermudah proses penerimaan barang. Pengujian menggunakan metode black box mencakup fitur-fitur utama seperti pemindaian QR, edit, delete, dan pencarian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan operasional dan akses data real-time. "ReceivApp" berhasil mengoptimalkan proses penerimaan barang, menandai langkah inovatif untuk meningkatkan efisiensi operasional perusahaan dalam era digital.
Pengaruh Tingkat Kematangan Sistem Terhadap Niat Penggunaan Keberlanjutan Aplikasi SRIKANDI
Authors: Valentino M. Jerry Aditya , Putra Apriansyah
Published: January 2025

Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) di Indonesia saat ini menjadi sebuah jawaban atas kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap sistem pemerintahan dengan layanan publik yang lebih modern, terbuka, dan efisien. Aplikasi SRIKANDI menjadi salah satu wujud pemerintah dalam menjalankan SPBE di Indonesia, terutama dalam bidang pengarsipan surat antar instansi pemerintahan. Kematangan sistem merupakan sebuah faktor penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemanfaatan sebuah sistem aplikasi dalam menunjang kinerja suatu lembaga, terutama jika dilihat dari segi niat pengguna (user). Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Model Kematangan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (United Nation Maturity Model) dan Model Konfirmasi Harapan (Expectation Confirmation Model). United Nation Maturity Model merupakan teori yang digunakan oleh Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk menilai penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik berdasarkan empat faktor yaitu Emerging, Enhanced, Transactional, Connected. Expectation Confirmation Model merupakan teori untuk meneliti niat penggunaan keberlanjutan sebuah sistem yang terdiri atas empat faktor yaitu Perceived Usefulness, Confirmation, Satisfaction, dan IS Continuance Intention, dalam penelitian ini IS Continuance Intention  diambil sebagai faktor.
Design and Build Applications for Choice of Vocational Schools Using the Simple Additive Weighting Method
Authors: Sisrayanti  , Rizal Fahmi , Ambiyar
Published: January 2025

The fact that the problem of incompatibility of majors and educational backgrounds of students is one of the factors in the problems of education in Indonesia. This is of particular concern to the world of education, including vocational education. To enter education, especially at the Vocational High School (SMK) level, students are required to choose a major according to their interests and talents. However, many students are not aware of their abilities. Consequently, the objective of this research is to develop an Android application tailored for Vocational High Schools, employing the Simple Additive Weighting technique. The methodology employed here is the Research and Development (R&D) approach utilizing the 4D development model. The outcome of this investigation yields an application that serves as a valuable tool for both educators and students in making informed decisions regarding their choice of majors in Vocational High Schools
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Sekolah Berbasis Website Dengan Pengujian Website Vulnerability dan Acceptance Testing
Authors: Firdaus Falih Rizqullah
Published: January 2025

SMA Negeri 1 Lirik terletak di Kecamatan Lirik, Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu, Riau, dan merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan tingkat Sekolah Menengah Atas. Sekolah ini dikenal memiliki berbagai pencapaian baik dalam bidang akademik maupun non-akademik, seperti program Tahfidz, musik, dan paskibra. Namun, untuk saat ini SMA Negeri 1 Lirik belum memiliki situs website untuk dipublikasikan karena tidak ada pemeliharaan situs website pada sekolah ini. Oleh karena itu, sistem informasi sekolah dibuat untuk memungkinkan setiap siswa mengakses situs website dengan mudah. Sistem yang akan dibangun menggunakan metode waterfall. PHP digunakan sebagai bahasa pemrograman, MySQL sebagai database, dan Framework codeigniter sebagai software pendukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat membantu SMA Negeri 1 Lirik dalam menyebarkan informasi positif kepada masyarakat dan memudahkan siswa, guru, dan warga sekolah dalam mengakses informasi terkait sekolah. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian sistem informasi sekolah berbasis website yang menggunakan metode Website Vulnerability Testing memiliki 2 peringatan tingkat sedang dan 2 peringatan informasi. Sedangkan Acceptance Testing pada pengujian Blackbox menunjukkan bahwa sistem informasi beroperasi dengan semestinya dan pengujian System Usability Scale (SUS) yang diperoleh dari kuisioner mendapatkan skor sebesar 71,583. Kesimpulan berdasaran hasil pengujian, bahwa sistem informasi berbasis website ini berfungsi dengan baik dan diterima oleh sekolah.
The Chain of Emergencies: Routinisation of the Migration Emergency Governance in Lithuania and Poland in 2020–2023
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Poland, Krępa Mateusz , Jakniunaite Dovile ,   Vilnius University, Lithuania, Pachocka Marta ,   University of Warsaw, Poland, Naranovich Ksenia ,   SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the governance of emergencies in Lithuania and Poland from 2020 to 2023, focusing on how multiple crises, namely, the COVID-19 pandemic, the humanitarian crisis on the border with Belarus, and the inﬂux of Ukrainians ﬂeeing a full-scale Russian invasion were handled. In response to these events, both countries introduced measures aimed at governing human mobility. In this study, drawing on security practices and discourse research, the authors analyse how the governments proceeded from one emergency to another. The analysis explores the interplay between emergency governance, populism, and technocracy, focusing on the concept of “routinisation” – i.e., how temporary emergency responses become permanent governance strategies. While both countries faced similar challenges, their responses diverged, with Poland’s populist government emphasizing militarised border controls and a narrative of protecting sovereignty, and Lithuania adopting a more technocratic approach, striving to maintain the proper functioning of the state. However, the overall difference between these two countries was more modest than it could be presumed; both states converged in their management of the migration emergencies, increasingly normalising restrictive measures. By comparing legislative and discursive strategies, this paper highlights how emergency governance evolved from improvisation to ﬁxed policies, raising questions about the implications for democratic governance and migration policies.
Bein útgjöld og útgjaldabyrði heimilanna vegna heilbrigðisþjónustu
Authors: Vilhjálmsson Rúnar
Published: January 2025

Tilgangur
Bein útgjöld heimila vegna heilbrigðisþjónustu hafa áhrif á aðgengi að
heilbrigðisþjónustunni. Rannsóknin athugar þróun heilbrigðisútgjaldanna
og hvort einstakir samfélagshópar verji hærri upphæðum og beri þyngri
útgjaldabyrðar en aðrir.
Aðferð
Byggt er á niðurstöðum úr heilbrigðiskönnun meðal Íslendinga 18
ára og eldri sem fram fór vorið 2023. Þátttakendur komu úr netpanel
Félagsvísindastofnunar og þjóðskrárúrtaki. Svarendur voru alls 5.482 og
heimtur tæp 50%. Niðurstöður heilbrigðiskönnunarinnar voru bornar
saman við niðurstöður eldri heilbrigðiskannana meðal Íslendinga
á aldrinum 18-75 ára sem fram fóru á árunum 1998, 2006 og 2015.
Meðalútgjöld heimila vegna heilbrigðismála og útgjaldabyrði (hlutfall
heilbrigðisútgjalda af ráðstöfunartekjum heimilis) voru borin saman milli
samfélagshópa og ára.
Niðurstöður
Sjá má samfellda raunhækkun útgjalda íslenskra heimila vegna
heilbrigðismála á tímabilinu frá 1998 til 2022. Hlutdeild einstakra
útgjaldaliða hefur jafnframt breyst og hefur hlutdeild læknisþjónustu,
sjúkraþjálfunar og sálfræðiþjónustu í heildarútgjöldum heimilanna aukist
en hlutdeild tannlæknisþjónustu, lyfja, tækja og annarra lyfjabúðarvara
minnkað. Hlutfall heilbrigðisútgjalda af ráðstöfunartekjum heimilanna
(útgjaldabyrði) hefur í heild ekki hækkað á undanförnum árum.
Útgjöldunum er þó verulega misskipt milli samfélagshópa. Hæst er hlutfall
heilbrigðisútgjalda af ráðstöfunartekjum á heimilum ungfullorðinna
og einhleypra, á stærri heimilum og á heimilum einstæðra foreldra,
einstaklinga utan vinnumarkaðar, grunnskólamenntaðra, lágtekjufólks og
einstaklinga sem glíma við langvinna sjúkdóma og örorku.
Ályktanir
Þótt útgjaldabyrði íslenskra heimila vegna heilbrigðisþjónustu hafi í heild
ekki hækkað á undanförnum árum er verulegur munur á útgjaldabyrðinni
eftir samfélagshópum. Útgjaldahlutföll í ýmsum hópum Íslendinga
eru há sem ógnað getur aðgengi að heilbrigðisþjónustunni. Í húfi er
grundvallarmarkmið íslenska heilbrigðiskerfisins um sem jafnast aðgengi
að þjónustunni.
Lykilhugtök
Bein heilbrigðisútgjöld, samfélagshópar, notkun heilbrigðisþjónustu,
aðgengi að heilbrigðisþjónustu