bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiotoxicity: Insights from Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Su Qingqing , Fu Min , Xiao Wanli , Zhao Huan , Yu Yang , Feng Jianguo , Liu Yulin , Wan Ying , Yu Yajun , Zhang Chunxiang
Published: August 2024

Male patients have a higher risk of cardiotoxicity following doxorubicin (DOX) treatment than female patients. However, how this difference occurs at the transcriptome level remains unclear, and the mechanisms underlying these differences are understudied. This study aimed to describe the transcriptional patterns of males and females after DOX treatment and explore the possible mechanisms of sexual differences in DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. Following DOX treatment, male mice exhibit more severe heart damage than female mice. Transcriptome analysis of mice with and without DOX treatment showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are significantly different between males and females. The majority of DEGs are sex‐specific, and more DEGs are identified in males than females. A number of genes, including the oxidation‐related genes Gdf15 and Rbm3, exhibited altered expression either in males or females. Some other genes, including the ferroptosis‐related gene Cd74, changed their expression levels in both sexes, but at different scales. Biochemical experiments suggested that cardiomyocyte oxidation and ferroptosis may contribute to the sexual dimorphism of DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity. In summary, this study shows that, after exposure to DOX, males and females respond differently regarding the expression of hundreds of genes, including Gdf15, Rbm3, and Cd74, possibly explaining the sexual differences in DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity.
In Situ Synthesis of Hierarchical Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O@ZIF‐67/WO3 With High Humidity Immunity and Response to H2S Sensing
Authors: Gui Yanghai , Wu Jintao , Zhao Di , Tian Kuan , Zhao Shuaishuai , Guo Huishi , Qin Xiaoyun , Qin Xiaomei , Guo Dongjie , Wang Yun
Published: August 2024

H2S gas sensors with facile preparation, low detection limits, and high selectivity are crucial for environmental and human health monitoring. However, it is difficult to maintain a high response of H2S gas sensors under high humidity in practical applications. To face this dilemma, a layer‐by‐layer growth method is applied to in situ prepare a nanostructured Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O/WO3 coated by a hydrophobic hierarchical ZIF‐67 as the H2S sensor. This novel composite exhibits excellent humidity immunity without sacrificing the excellent sensitivity and selectivity of H2S. At a low operating temperature of 90 °C, a remarkable response value of 1052.3 to 100 ppm H2S has been achieved, which is 779 and 9.36 times higher than that of pure WO3 and Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O/WO3, respectively. More importantly, an 82.2% relative response value remains at a high humidity of 75%RH. The sensing mechanisms are investigated using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), which revealed that the reaction products are H2O and SO2. The high humidity immunity and fast response of the Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O@ZIF‐67/WO3 demonstrate the layer‐by‐layer in situ synthesis method holds the potential application for the development of high‐performance WO3‐based H2S sensors.
A LDH‐Derived Metal Sulfide Nanosheet‐Functionalized Bioactive Glass Scaffold for Vascularized Osteogenesis and Periprosthetic Infection Prevention/Treatment
Authors: Bian Yixin , Hu Tingting , Zhao Kexin , Cai Xuejie , Li Mengyang , Tan Chaoliang , Liang Ruizheng , Weng Xisheng
Published: August 2024

Periprosthetic infection and prosthetic loosing stand out as prevalent yet formidable complications following orthopedic implant surgeries. Synchronously addressing the two complications is long‐time challenging. Herein, a bioactive glass scaffold (BGS) functionalized with MgCuFe‐layered double hydroxide (LDH)‐derived sulfide nanosheets (BGS/MCFS) is developed for vascularized osteogenesis and periprosthetic infection prevention/treatment. Apart from the antibacterial cations inhibiting bacterial energy and material metabolism, the exceptional near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) photothermal performance empowers BGS/MCFS to eliminate periprosthetic infections, outperforming previously reported functionalized BGS. The rough surface topography and the presence of multi‐bioactive metal ions bestow BGS/MCFS with exceptional osteogenic and angiogenic properties, with 8.5‐fold and 2.3‐fold enhancement in bone mass and neovascularization compared with BGS. Transcriptome sequencing highlights the involvement of the TGF‐β signaling pathway in these processes, while single‐cell sequencing reveals a significant increase in osteoblasts and endothelial cells around BGS/MCFS compared to BGS.
Multi‐Tissue Integrated Tissue‐Engineered Trachea Regeneration Based on 3D Printed Bioelastomer Scaffolds
Authors: Song Xingqi , Zhang Peiling , Luo Bin , Li Ke , Liu Yu , Wang Sinan , Wang Qianyi , Huang Jinyi , Qin Xiaohong , Zhang Yixin , Zhou Guangdong , Lei Dong
Published: August 2024

Functional segmental trachea reconstruction is a critical concern in thoracic surgery, and tissue‐engineered trachea (TET) holds promise as a potential solution. However, current TET falls short in fully restoring physiological function due to the lack of the intricate multi‐tissue structure found in natural trachea. In this research, a multi‐tissue integrated tissue‐engineered trachea (MI‐TET) is successfully developed by orderly assembling various cells (chondrocytes, fibroblasts and epithelial cells) on 3D‐printed PGS bioelastomer scaffolds. The MI‐TET closely resembles the complex structures of natural trachea and achieves the integrated regeneration of four essential tracheal components: C‐shaped cartilage ring, O‐shaped vascularized fiber ring, axial fiber bundle, and airway epithelium. Overall, the MI‐TET demonstrates highly similar multi‐tissue structures and physiological functions to natural trachea, showing promise for future clinical advancements in functional TETs.
Liraglutide Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing via Myo1c/Dock5
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Chunlin , Kang Changjiang , Zhu Jiaran , He Qingshan , Li Hongwei , Tong Qiang , Wang Min , Zhang Linlin , Xiong Xin , Wang Yuren , Qu Hua , Zheng Hongting , Zheng Yi
Published: August 2024

Non‐healing diabetic wounds and ulcer complications, with persistent cell dysfunction and obstructed cellular processes, are leading causes of disability and death in patients with diabetes. Currently, there is a lack of guideline‐recommended hypoglycemic drugs in clinical practice, likely due to limited research and unclear mechanisms. In this study, it is demonstrated that liraglutide significantly accelerates wound closure in diabetic mouse models (db/db mice and streptozotocin‐induced mice) by improving re‐epithelialization, collagen deposition, and extracellular matrix remodeling, and enhancing the proliferation, migration, and adhesion functions of keratinocytes. However, these effects of improved healing by liraglutide are abrogated in dedicator of cytokinesis 5 (Dock5) keratinocyte‐specific knockout mice. Mechanistically, liraglutide induces cellular function through stabilization of unconventional myosin 1c (Myo1c). Liraglutide directly binds to Myo1c at arginine 93, enhancing the Myo1c/Dock5 interaction by targeting Dock5 promoter and thus promoting the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of keratinocytes. Therefore, this study provides insights into liraglutide biology and suggests it may be an effective treatment for diabetic patients with wound‐healing pathologies.
Bidirectional Phase Transformations in Multi‐Principal Element Alloys: Mechanisms, Physics, and Mechanical Property Implications
Authors: Sun Jiayi , Li Heqing , Chen Yujie , An Xianghai
Published: August 2024

The emergence of multi‐principal element alloys (MPEAs) heralds a transformative shift in the design of high‐performance alloys. Their ingrained chemical complexities endow them with exceptional mechanical and functional properties, along with unparalleled microscopic plastic mechanisms, sparking widespread research interest within and beyond the metallurgy community. In this overview, a unique yet prevalent mechanistic process in the renowned FeMnCoCrNi‐based MPEAs is focused on: the dynamic bidirectional phase transformation involving the forward transformation from a face‐centered‐cubic (FCC) matrix into a hexagonal‐close‐packed (HCP) phase and the reverse HCP‐to‐FCC transformation. The light is shed on the fundamental physical mechanisms and atomistic pathways of this intriguing dual‐phase transformation. The paramount material parameter of intrinsic negative stacking fault energy in MPEAs and the crucial external factors c, furnishing thermodynamic, and kinetic impetus to trigger bidirectional transformation‐induced plasticity (B‐TRIP) mechanisms， are thorougly devled into. Furthermore, the profound significance of the distinct B‐TRIP behavior in shaping mechanical properties and creating specialized microstructures c to harness superior material characteristics is underscored. Additionally, critical insights are offered into key challenges and future striving directions for comprehensively advancing the B‐TRIP mechanism and the mechanistic design of next‐generation high‐performing MPEAs.
Amorphous Hydrated Tungsten Oxides with Enhanced Pseudocapacitive Contribution for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Electrochromic Energy Storage
Authors: Zhuang Dongsheng , Zhang Zhixuan , Weng Jingbo , Wang Junyi , Zhang Hongliang , Cheng Wei
Published: August 2024

Tungsten oxides suffer from sluggish ion diffusion kinetics, limited ion storage capacity, and inadequate stability within the aqueous zinc ion electrolyte, thereby constraining their applicability in electrochromic energy storage devices (EESDs). Here, the amorphous hydrated tungsten oxide films with large optical modulation, fast response speed, large capacity, and high cycling stability are reported, enabled by tuning the contents of structural water and adjusting the pH value of aqueous zinc ion electrolyte. The enhancement of the electrochromic and ion storage performance is mainly due to the introduction of structural water which triggers pseudocapacitive behavior dominated by surface redox reaction, resulting in high electrochemical activity and fast electrochemical kinetics. Meanwhile, the relatively low pH value ensures the chemical stability of the hydrated tungsten oxide film, in synergy with surface redox that avoids ion trapping, leading to extraordinary cycling stability of up to 13000 cycles, marking the state‐of‐the‐art stability for tungsten oxide‐based materials in aqueous electrolyte. Based on the hydrated tungsten oxide films, high‐capacity and stable large‐size EESDs are constructed with the capability of visually monitoring energy status, recovering energy, and regulating light. This work provides a simple yet effective strategy for enhancing the performance of tungsten oxide‐based aqueous zinc ion EESDs.
A novel model for tracking copolymerization kinetics: Sequence structure quality evaluation
Authors: Zhang Si‐Qi , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Jin Jie , Luo Zheng‐Hong
Published: August 2024

Precise control over sequence structure in copolymers is essential for chemical product engineering. The complexity of sequence structures results in the challenging characterization of monomer sequences. Herein, a chemical composition model (CD model) is developed to record the distribution density of monomers in the chain segment, where the deviation of the chemical composition function between a copolymer and its ideal sequence structure can directly map the sequence structure quality. The application of the CD model in randomly generated virtual copolymers demonstrates that the model has great sensitivity and discrimination to evaluate sequence structures accurately. Furthermore, the CD model is combined with the kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm to explicitly track the evolution of sequence structure quality in the copolymerization process. The CD model provides an insight into the evolution of sequence structure, which is conducive to building the bridge between molecular structure and properties for the development of chemical product engineering.
Global characteristics and outcomes of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A study of the worldwide network for blood and marrow transplantation (WBMT)
Authors: Garderet Laurent , Gras Luuk , Koster Linda , Baaij Laurien , Hamad Nada , Dsouza Anita , Estrada‐Merly Noel , Hari Parameswaran , Saber Wael , Cowan Andrew J. , Iida Minako , Okamoto Shinichiro , Takamatsu Hiroyuki , Mizuno Shohei , Kawamura Koji , Kodera Yoshihisa , Ko Bor‐Sheng , Liam Christopher , Ho Kim Wah , Goh A. Sim , Tan S. Keat , Elhaddad Alaa M. , Bazarbachi Ali , Chaudhry Qamar un Nisa , Alfar Rozan , Bekadja Mohamed‐Amine , Benakli Malek , Ortiz Cristobal Augusto Frutos , Riva Eloisa , Galeano Sebastian , Bass Francisca , Mian Hira S. , McCurdy Arleigh , Wang Feng Rong , Meng Ly , Neumann Daniel , Koh Mickey , Snowden John A. , Schönland Stefan , McLornan Donal P. , Hayden Patrick John , Sureda Anna , Greinix Hildegard T. , Aljurf Mahmoud , Atsuta Yoshiko , Niederwieser Dietger
Published: August 2024

Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) is a commonly used treatment in multiple myeloma (MM). However, real‐world global demographic and outcome data are scarce. We collected data on baseline characteristics and outcomes from 61 725 patients with newly diagnosed MM who underwent upfront AHCT between 2013 and 2017 from nine national/international registries. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS), relapse incidence (RI) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM). Median OS amounted to 90.2 months (95% CI 88.2–93.6) and median PFS 36.5 months (95% CI 36.1–37.0). At 24 months, cumulative RI was 33% (95% CI 32.5%–33.4%) and NRM was 2.5% (95% CI 2.3%–2.6%). In the multivariate analysis, superior outcomes were associated with younger age, IgG subtype, complete hematological response at auto‐HCT, Karnofsky score of 100%, international staging scoring (ISS) stage 1, HCT‐comorbidity index (CI) 0, standard cytogenetic risk, auto‐HCT in recent years, and use of lenalidomide maintenance. There were differences in the baseline characteristics and outcomes between registries. While the NRM was 1%–3% at 12 months worldwide, the OS at 36 months was 69%–84%, RI at 12 months was 12%–24% and PFS at 36 months was 43%–63%. The variability in these outcomes is attributable to differences in patient and disease characteristics as well as the use of maintenance and macroeconomic factors. In conclusion, worldwide data indicate that AHCT in MM is a safe and effective therapy with an NRM of 1%–3% with considerable regional differences in OS, PFS, RI, and patient characteristics. Maintenance treatment post‐AHCT had a beneficial effect on OS.
Exploring the Impact of Ring Mobility on the Macroscopic Properties of Doubly Threaded Slide‐Ring Gel Networks
Authors: Oh Jongwon , Liu Guancen , Kim Hojin , Hertzog Jerald E. , Nitta Natsumi , Rowan Stuart J.
Published: August 2024

The integration of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) into polymeric materials has led to the development of mechanically interlocked polymers (MIPs). One class of MIPs that have gained attention in recent years are slide‐ring gels (SRGs), which are generally accessed by crosslinking rings on a main‐chain polyrotaxane. The mobility of the interlocked crosslinking moieties along the polymer backbone imparts enhanced properties onto these networks. An alternative synthetic approach to SRGs is to use a doubly threaded ring as the crosslinking moiety, yielding doubly threaded slide‐ring gel networks (dt‐SRGs). In this study, a photo‐curable ligand‐containing thread was used to assemble a series of metal‐templated pseudo[3]rotaxane crosslinkers that allow access to polymer networks that contain doubly threaded interlocked rings. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of these dt‐SRGs with varying size of the ring crosslinking moieties were investigated and compared to an entangled gel (EG) prepared by polymerizing the metal complex of the photo‐curable ligand‐containing thread, and a corresponding covalent gel (CG). Relative to the EG and CG, the dt‐SRGs exhibit enhanced swelling behavior, viscoelastic properties, and stress relaxation characteristics. In addition, the macroscopic properties of dt‐SRGs could be altered by “locking” ring mobility in the structure through remetalation, highlighting the impact of the mobility of the crosslinks.
Enantio‐ and Regioconvergent Nickel‐Catalyzed Etherification of Phenols by Allylation to Access Chiral C(sp3)−O Allyl Aryl Ethers
Authors: Brösamlen Daniel , Neb Daniel , Oestreich Martin
Published: August 2024

An enantio‐ and regioconvergent allylation of phenols under nickel catalysis with an α‐/γ‐regioisomeric mixture of racemic silylated/germylated allylic chlorides is reported. The silyl/germyl group governs the regioselectivity, and the transformation affords enantiomerically enriched unsymmetrical 1,3‐disubstituted allyl aryl ethers with excellent regiocontrol in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Notably, no nickel‐mediated C−O bond activation is observed at room temperature. The synthetic value of these densely functionalized silicon‐containing building blocks is demonstrated in a series of chemoselective transformations, including a [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement for the construction of an α‐chiral silane.
The Dialuminene AriPr8AlAlAriPr8 (AriPr8=C6H‐2,6‐(C6H2‐2,4,6‐iPr3)2‐3,5‐iPr2)
Authors: Lehmann Annika , Queen Joshua D. , Roberts Christopher J. , Rissanen Kari , Tuononen Heikki M. , Power Philip P.
Published: August 2024

Careful analysis of the crystals formed in the reduction of AriPr8AlI2 (AriPr8=C6H‐2,6‐(C6H2‐2,4,6‐iPr3)2‐3,5‐iPr2) with sodium on sodium chloride showed them to contain the long sought‐after dialuminene AriPr8AlAlAriPr8 (1) that forms alongside the previously characterized alanediyl :AlAriPr8. The single crystal X‐ray structure of 1 revealed a nearly planar, trans‐bent C(ipso)AlAlC(ipso) core with an Al−Al distance of 2.648(2) Å. The molecular and electronic structure of 1 are consistent with an Al−Al double dative interaction augmented with diradical character and stabilized by dispersion interactions. Density functional theory calculations showed that the reactivity of :AlAriPr8 with dihydrogen involves 1, not :AlAriPr8, as the reactive species. In contrast, the reaction of :AlAriPr8 with ethylene gave two products, the 1,4‐dialuminacyclohexane AriPr8Al(C2H4)2AlAriPr8 (2) and the aluminacyclopentane AriPr8Al(C4H8) (3), that can both form from the aluminacyclopropane intermediate AriPr8Al(C2H4). Although the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of 1 with two equivalents of ethylene was also calculated to be exergonic, it is likely to be kinetically blocked by the numerous isopropyl substituents surrounding the Al−Al bond. Attempts to fine‐tune the steric bulk of the terphenyl ligand to allow stronger Al−Al bonding were unsuccessful, leading to the isolation of the sodium salt of a cyclotrialuminene, Na2[AlAriPr6]3 (4), instead of AriPr6AlAlAriPr6.
Ultrasonic‐Driven Coordination Polymer Based on the Building Block [CuI (CN)4]3− and Heptane‐1,7‐diamine as a Luminescence Sensor and Efficient Catalyst for Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Saleh Dalia I. , Alhashmialameer Dalal , Mahmoud Samy F. , Etaiw Safaa Eldin H.
Published: August 2024

The coordination polymer {[Cu6(CN)6]·HPD}n, CP1; (HPD = heptane‐1,7‐diamine) was prepared and characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and elemental analyses. The copper atoms are coordinated by C ≡ N ligands, and both exhibit tetrahedral geometry. Cu1 and Cu2 create the pretty unique cluster structure of two quadruple [Cu2(μ3‐CN)2] units exhibiting coprophilic interaction. The building blocks [Cu3(CN)3]2 form fused distorted rectangular rings surrounded with the [Cu2(μ3‐CN)2] motifs exhibiting wide voids to accommodate the guest HPD. The structure of 1 indicates the formation of channels with dimensions 5.121–8.469 Ǻ which extend three‐dimensionally creating fused cavity morphology with different shapes. CP1 was utilized as an efficient sensor for selective quantitative estimation of metal ions (Co2+) and explosives (NB). Advanced oxidation process (AOP) was used as an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of the antibiotic meloxicam (MEL) utilizing AOP in the presence of H2O2 as an oxidant. Scavenge experiments, reusability of catalyst 1, and mechanism of oxidation were also discussed.
Imparting of Nearly Superparamagnetic Properties to Cryogel Scaffolds With Mesoporous MNPs for Magneto‐Sensitive Tissue Engineering Strategies
Authors: Demir Didem , Ulusal Fatma , Ulusal Hasan , Ceylan Seda , Dağlı Sibel , Özdemir Nalan , Tarakçıoğlu Mehmet
Published: August 2024

This work reports the assembly of mesoporous iron oxide nanoparticles (meso‐MNPs) with cryogel scaffolds composed of chitosan and gelatin. Meso‐MNPs with a particle size ranging from 2 and 50 nm, a surface area of 140.52 m2 g−1, and a pore volume of 0.27 cm3 g−1 were synthesized on a porous SiO2 template in the presence of PEG 6000 followed by leaching of SiO2. Different ratios of meso‐MNPs were successfully incorporated into chitosan:gelatin cryogels up to an amount equivalent to the entire amount of polymer. The morphological structure and physicochemical properties of the cryogels were directly affected by the amount of MNPs. VSM curves showed that all composite cryogels could be magnetized by applying a magnetic field. In the context of the safety of magnetic cryogel scaffolds for use in biomedicine, it is important to note that all values are below the exposure limit for static magnetic fields, and according to cytotoxicity data, scaffolds containing meso‐MNPs showed nontoxicity with cell viability ranging from 150% to 275%. In addition, microbial analysis with gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria showed that the scaffolds exhibited activity against these bacteria.
Economic freedom and corporate carbon emissions: International evidence
Authors: Ren Xiaohang , Li Wenqi , Cheng Xu , Zheng Xinwei
Published: August 2024

A global consensus exists emphasizing the need to curtail carbon emissions to preserve the environment and promote sustainable development. In this study, we investigate the impact of economic freedom on corporate carbon emissions. We show that economic freedom negatively impacts corporate carbon emissions based on a panel dataset of 2,932 companies from 24 countries between 2004 and 2019. We also identify the underlying mechanisms involving resource utilization and industrial agglomeration. Additionally, we provide compelling evidence that carbon emissions reduction also boosts future economic performance. We also find that the effect of economic freedom on corporate carbon emissions is evident in companies facing elevated financial distress risks, high tax burdens, low financing constraints, and where the CEO serves on the board of directors. Moreover, we find that the escalation in economic freedom exhibits a notably stronger restraining effect on corporate carbon emissions in developed countries relative to developing nations. Overall, our findings contribute to a robust theoretical framework and provide valuable policy insights for the global effort to reduce carbon emissions.
Comprehensive analysis of diagnosis and treatment in 99 cases of abdominal Schwannoma
Authors: Fan Shaoqing , Wang Haiqian , Sun Xuemei , Gai Chunyue , Liang Ce , Wang Guiying , Niu Wenbo
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Schwannoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor. In this study, we analyzed clinicopathologically 99 schwannomas.This retrospective study delves into the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical dimensions of abdominal schwannomas.

Results

A cohort of 99 cases, comprising 4 malignant and 95 benign schwannomas, was meticulously examined. Clinical analysis revealed a notable gender distribution (1:1.7, male to female) and an average age of 58.5 years. The majority of cases were asymptomatic. A cohort of 99 cases, comprising 4 malignant and 95 benign schwannomas, was meticulously examined. Clinical analysis revealed a notable gender distribution (1:1.7, male to female) and an average age of 58.5 years. The majority of cases were asymptomatic. Tumor sizes ranged from 0.5 to 30 cm, with distinct locations in the stomach for most benign cases and the abdomen/small intestine for malignancies. Initial misdiagnoses were frequent. Pathological evaluations revealed distinct features, including Antoni A and B patterns, spindle cells, and lymphatic sheath structures in benign schwannomas. Malignant cases exhibited atypical cells, ulcers, and invasive growth. Immunohistochemical markers, such as S100, SOX10, and vimentin, consistently demonstrated positivity by contributing to accurate diagnoses. Treatment outcomes indicated a poor prognosis in malignant cases, with overall survival ranging from 10 to 41 months. Conversely, benign cases displayed no recurrence or metastasis during follow‐up, despite atypical behaviors.

Conclusion

This study underscores the rarity of abdominal schwannomas and underscores the need for a comprehensive diagnostic morphology and immunohistochemistry. SOX10 emerges as a crucial and specific marker for accurate diagnosis. Further research is imperative to refine diagnostic protocols and enhance our understanding of the clinical behavior of abdominal schwannomas.
Introducing yoga‐integrated psychotherapy (YiP): A discussion paper
Authors: Childs‐Fegredo Jasmine
Published: August 2024

Despite a plethora of treatments available for alleviating mental health issues, it has been reported that interventions, as they stand, are simply just not good enough (Kalin, Am. J. Psychiatry, 176, 2019, 885). Increasing figures of suicides are published each year, most recently standing at over 49,000 in the United States. Contested arguments continue in the field of psychotherapy with regard to finding the ‘best’ treatments for mental health issues. Recently, there have been calls for mental health practitioners and researchers to move towards innovation by asking different questions and creating new methods, albeit underpinned by rigorous scientific investigation. One such method currently being adopted with promising outcomes is the integration of mind–body techniques, such as yoga, into mental health treatments. Yoga is an ancient practice which provides a holistic system of healing and complementary philosophy to western understandings of the human mind. Like psychotherapy, yoga seems to work with unconscious processes, which can enable long‐term change. Combined with psychotherapeutic discovery, novel treatment models which incorporate both yoga and psychotherapy could therefore be provided. Yoga‐integrated psychotherapy (YiP), as a new model of treatment, could enhance outcomes for clients presenting with a range of difficulties as it aims to work with these methods as well as transdiagnostic understandings of distress. Additionally, YiP underscores the importance of a humanistic approach, which values the uniqueness of individuals and their subjective understandings of distress. Promising data from a recent pilot study of a YiP model in which participants describe the approach as ‘life changing’ form the basis of this discussion paper. The question arising is whether a humanistic and yoga‐integrated approach to psychotherapy could assist in enhancing client outcomes.
99mTc(I)‐Labeled His‐Tagged Proteins: Impact in the Development of Novel Imaging Probes and in Drug Discovery
Authors: Martins Sofia A. , Correia João D. G.
Published: August 2024

Technetium‐99 m (99mTc) remains the cornerstone of nuclear medicine for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) due to its widespread availability and chemical and physical features. Its multiple oxidation states allow for the design and production of radiopharmaceuticals with versatile properties, namely in terms of pharmacokinetic profile. 99mTc(V) is the most common oxidation state, but 99mTc(I) gained traction after the pioneering work of Alberto and colleagues, which resulted in the introduction of the organometallic core fac‐[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+. This core is readily available from [99mTcO4]− and displays three labile water molecules that can be easily swapped for ligands with different denticity and/or donor atoms in aqueous environment. This makes it possible to radiolabel small molecules as well as high molecular weight molecules, such as antibodies or other proteins, while assuring biological activity. Direct radiolabelling of those proteins with fac‐[99mTc(CO)3]+ under mild conditions is accomplished through incorporation of a polyhistidine tag (His‐tag), a commonly used tag for purification of recombinant proteins. This review aims to address the direct radiolabelling of His‐tagged macromolecules with fac‐[99mTc(CO)3]+ for development of molecular imaging agents and the impact of this technology in the discovery and development of imaging and/or therapeutic agents towards clinical application.
Enzyme Fueled Dissipative Self‐assembly of Guanine Functionalized Molecules and Their Cellular Behaviour
Authors: Bhowmik Sourav , Rit Tanmay , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Das Apurba K.
Published: August 2024

Generally, an esterase lipase enzyme can hydrolyze specific substrates called esters in an aqueous solution. Herein, we investigate how a G‐quadruplex self‐assembly affects the hydrolysis equilibrium in reverse. The biocatalyst, lipase, activates the individual building‐blocks through fuel consumption, causing them to undergo a higher degree of self‐organization into nanofibers within spheres. We have synthesized five peptide‐lipid‐conjugated guanine base functionalized molecules to explore how the equilibrium can be shifted through reverse hydrolysis. Among these, NAC5 self‐assembled into a G‐quadruplex structure which has been confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques. The wide‐angle powder XRD, ThT dye binding assay and circular dichroism study is carried out to support the presence of the G‐quadruplex structure. The biocatalytic formation of nanofibers enclosed spheres is analyzed using CLSM, FE‐SEM and HR‐TEM experiments. Additionally, we assess the biocompatibility of the enzyme fueled dissipative self‐assembled fibers enclosed spheres, as they have potential applications as a biomaterial in protocells. MTT assay is performed to check the cytotoxicity of G‐quadruplex hydrogel, using HEK 293 and McCoy cell lines for viability assessment. Finally, the utility of the novel NAC5 hydrogel as a wound repairing biomaterial is demonstrated by cell migration experiment in a scratch assay.
Assessing sociodemographic and regional disparities in Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score uptake
Authors: Mukand Nita H. , Chirikova Ekaterina , Lichtensztajn Daphne , Negoita Serban , Aboushwareb Tamer , Bennett John , Brooks James D. , Leppert John T. , Chung Benjamin I. , Li Christopher , Schwartz Stephen M. , Gershman Susan T. , Insaf Tabassum , Morawski Bozena M. , Stroup Antionette , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Doherty Jennifer A. , Petkov Valentina I. , Zambon Joao Paulo , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Cheng Iona
Published: August 2024

Background

The Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score (ODX‐GPS) is a gene expression assay that predicts disease aggressiveness. The objective of this study was to identify sociodemographic and regional factors associated with ODX‐GPS uptake.

Methods

Data from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results registries on men with localized prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 3 + 3 or 3 + 4, PSA ≤20 ng/mL, and stage T1c to T2c disease from 2013 through 2017 were linked with ODX‐GPS data. Census‐tract level neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) quintiles were constructed using a composite socioeconomic score. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations of ODX‐GPS uptake with age at diagnosis, race and ethnicity, nSES, geographic region, insurance type, and marital status, accounting for National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk group, year of diagnosis, and clustering by census tract.

Results

Among 111,434 eligible men, 5.5% had ODX‐GPS test uptake. Of these, 78.3% were non‐Hispanic White, 9.6% were Black, 6.7% were Hispanic, and 3.6% were Asian American. Black men had the lowest odds of ODX‐GPS uptake (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.76). Those in the highest versus lowest quintile of nSES were 1.64 times more likely (95% CI, 1.38–2.94) to have ODX‐GPS uptake. The odds of ODX‐GPS uptake were statistically significantly higher among men residing in the Northeast, West, and Midwest compared to the South.

Conclusions

Disparities in ODX‐GPS uptake by race, ethnicity, nSES, and geographical region were identified. Concerted efforts should be made to ensure that this clinical test is equitably available.
A guide to large data sets for population‐based cancer research: Strengths, limitations, and pitfalls
Authors: Martin Allison N. , Chan Norine W. , Cheung Dillon C. , Fong Zhi Ven
Published: August 2024

With the proliferation of cancer research based on large databases, misalignment of research questions and data set capabilities is inevitable. Nationally maintained databases are appealing to cancer researchers because of the ease of access to large amounts of patient data available for analysis and risk estimation. Data sets that are commonly used in cancer research include the National Cancer Database, the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) program of the National Cancer Institute, the SEER–Medicare database, the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project databases, among others. Each data set has pros and cons with respect to variable availability and the ability to analyze cancer‐specific outcomes. It is critical for researchers to understand the strengths and limitations of each database. Changing variable definitions, the length of postoperative data collection, and the availability of patient‐reported outcomes or social determinants of health data are examples of factors that researchers must consider when selecting a data set for research purposes. For the current review, the authors summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various national data sets for cohort studies in cancer populations.
RNA extended interventional nucleic acid longitudinal study: Clinical performance of Aptima messenger RNA HPV testing in cervical cancer screening with a 9‐year follow‐up
Authors: Granados Rosario , Duarte Joanny A. , Luján David R. , Gutierrez‐Pecharromán Ana M. , Solís Isabel , Molpeceres Lourdes , Bajo Paloma , Palencia Elsa , Martín Nuria
Published: August 2024

Background

There is a need for additional longitudinal studies with the Aptima messenger RNA human papillomavirus test (AHPV) to support the safety of extended screening intervals. RNA‐based extended interventional nucleic acid (REINA) provides relevant information on the clinical performance of AHPV.

Methods

This is a longitudinal prospective analysis of 1538 participants after AHPV and liquid‐based cytology (LBC) co‐test complemented with REINA interventional protocol with a second co‐test 4 years after negative screening on 2000 women. Diagnostic accuracy and cumulative risks for CIN2+ up to 9 years were calculated for all test combinations.

Results

Sensitivity and specificity for CIN2+ were 96.9% and 88.0% for AHPV and 72.3% and 92.0% for LBC. Negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) of AHPV were 99.9% and 23.6%. The 5‐ and 9‐year risks of AHPV‐negative women were 0.4% and 1.0% (CIN2+) and 0.3% and 0.7% (CIN3+), a 73% and 64% lower risk than with negative LBC (p ≤ .002). REINA participants with an AHPV‐positive result at second co‐test after a negative AHPV in first round had a significantly lower 5‐year risk of CIN2+ (11.1%) than AHPV‐positive women with unknown HPV history (29.5%).

Conclusions

Currently, this constitutes the longest European longitudinal study with AHPV testing in screening population. It reveals 99.9% NPV and a significant protective effect of a previous negative test 5 years after a new HPV infection. These findings support the safety of Aptima for screening intervals beyond 5 years. The risk of disease is lower 9 years after a negative AHPV test than 3 years after a negative LBC. High specificity and PPV of Aptima may benefit controlling overtreatment and colposcopy referrals.
Prognostic impact of shift to low visceral fat mass after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Onishi Sachiyo , Tajika Masahiro , Tanaka Tsutomu , Yamada Keisaku , Inaba Yoshitaka , Abe Tetsuya , Muro Kei , Shimizu Masahito , Niwa Yasumasa
Published: August 2024

Background

Based on the JCOG1109 trial, it is suggested that the combination of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil (DCF) could potentially become a standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen, alongside the conventional 5‐fluorouracil and cisplatin (CF) therapy, for esophageal cancer. However, there are few reports on the impact of body composition changes associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy on prognosis.

Aim

Our study aimed to explore the effect of different neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens on body composition during treatment and the impacts of body composition changes on their prognosis.

Methods and results

This is a retrospective study of 215 patients with advanced thoracic esophageal cancer who had surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2013 to 2019. Computed tomography scans were performed before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy to assess body composition. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated by dividing total skeletal muscle mass at the 3rd lumbar level by the square of height, while visceral and subcutaneous fat masses were measured at the level of umbilicus. Patients in the lowest 25% of both sexes were classified into the low visceral fat and low subcutaneous fat groups, respectively. Of the patients enrolled, 178 were male and 37 were female. Among them, 91 had clinical Stage II disease, and 124 had clinical Stage III disease. Additionally, 146 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy CF, and 69 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy DCF. Comparing the DCF and CF groups, the DCF group consisted of significantly younger patients (p < .01), a higher proportion of males (p = .03), and a greater number of clinical Stage III cases (p < .01). However, although percent change in SMI and visceral fat mass was not significantly different between two regimens, percent change in subcutaneous fat mass was significant in the DCF group. The major prognostic factors for patients undergoing surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for thoracic esophageal cancer were clinical Stage III, transition to low visceral fat, and response rating (SD/PD), while the specific neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen did not significantly influence the outcomes.

Conclusion

This study suggests that prevention of the shift to low visceral fat throughout the neoadjuvant chemotherapy process should improve patient outcomes.
Efficacy and Safety of 125I Seed Implantation in the Treatment of Pelvic Recurrent Cervical Cancer Following Radiotherapy: A Single‐Arm Meta‐Analysis of Chinese Patients
Authors: Wang Yunxin , Ma Yuhong , Zou Lijuan , Lei Hongwei , Teng Yun , Ye Fuxiu , Zhang Feng , Zhang Haichen
Published: August 2024

Background

The study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 125I seed implantation in the treatment of pelvic recurrent cervical cancer following radiotherapy. This meta‐analysis was registered in PROSPERO. We looked up relevant studies in the databases of CNKI, Wanfang, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The endpoint measures include the objective response rate, disease control rate, progression‐free survival, overall survival, and adverse events.

Recent Fidings

The meta‐analysis included six studies and a total of 246 patients. The pooled ORR of tumor response was 63%, and the DCR was 87%. The median PFS was 9.09 months, and the median OS was 13.46 months. The incidence of adverse events of Grade ≥III was 6%.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this meta‐analysis confirmed that 125I seed implantation has a good local control rate and high safety in the treatment of pelvic recurrent cervical cancer following radiotherapy, and can be used as a remedial treatment for pelvic recurrent cervical cancer following radiotherapy to prolong the survival time of patients.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO: CRD42023423857
Factors Influencing Adherence to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy After Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Johnsson Aina , von Wachenfeldt Anna
Published: August 2024

Background

Women with newly diagnosed hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer are offered adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET). Despite the survival benefits of the therapy, a significant proportion of breast cancer patients do not adhere to the anti‐hormonal medication.

Aims

The purpose of this study was to analyse demographic, social, psychological and treatment‐related factors influencing whether women diagnosed with early‐stage breast cancer were adherent to offered therapy.

Materials and Methods

This was a long‐term retrospective, medical record study, supplemented with a questionnaire, including 81 women. Data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register were used to examine adherence. The women were followed for 5 years of offered AET.

Results

Out of 81 women, 67 (83%) were adherent (hade taken out 80% or more of the recommended dose), 10 (12%) were Partially Adherent and 4 (5%) never accepted AET. At baseline, the Never‐Adherent group members were younger, more often considered themselves healthy and seemed much more satisfied with their lives. Baseline factors that positively affected adherence were satisfaction with the vocational situation (p = 0.023) and satisfaction with family life (p = 0.040). Cumulative musculoskeletal side effects were more frequently reported among women in the Adherent group than Partially Adherent women, after both 12 and 60 months (p = 0.018 and p = 0.011, respectively). There was also a significant difference in reported cumulative psychological side effects (p = 0.049) in disfavour of the Adherent group. Moreover, according to the questionnaire where the women retrospectively were asked which side effects, they experienced during the treatment period; sexual desire was significantly lower in the Adherent group (p = 0.0402) than in the Partially Adherent group.

Conclusion

It is important to consider a woman's life situation, to support those who otherwise would not be able to complete AET and to help all women relieve side effects during AET. It should be investigated why some women did not start the recommended therapy.
Supermolecule‐Opitimized Defect Engineering of Rich Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbons for Advanced Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Juan , Qin Fangfang , Zuo Pingping , Shen Wenzhong
Published: August 2024

Pitch‐based porous carbons with adjustable surface chemical property and controllable pore structure are regarded as promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs), while its disordered carbon matrix and microstructure as well as insufficient surface defects often result in low Zn2+‐storage capacity and poor rate capability of ZIHCs. Herein, a synergetic strategy of self‐assembled supermolecule and enriched defective carbon engineering was developed to achieve ultrahigh edge‐nitrogen doping for ZIHCs. The crystallite defects and surface structure of porous carbon could be effectively achieved through grafting electronegative oxygen‐containing small molecules and high‐level nitrogen‐containing functional groups between modified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and supermolecule framework. The optimized three‐dimensional carbon structure delivered high capacity of 218 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, fast charge/discharge capability, enhanced energy density (165.4 Wh kg−1) and superior cycling stability (95 % retention after 10000 cycles as cathode of ZIHCs). This provided new insight into the controllable synthesis of carbon cathodes for ZIHCs and expects to prepare functional porous carbon by supermolecules and special precursors.
Anthropometric measures and long‐term mortality in non‐ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Questioning the obesity paradox
Authors: Butt Jawad H. , Thune Jens Jakob , Nielsen Jens C. , Haarbo Jens , Videbæk Lars , Gustafsson Finn , Kristensen Søren L. , Bruun Niels E. , Eiskjær Hans , Brandes Axel , Hassager Christian , Svendsen Jesper H. , Høfsten Dan E. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Schou Morten , Pehrson Steen , Packer Milton , McMurray John J.V. , Køber Lars
Published: August 2024

Aims

Although body mass index (BMI) is the most commonly used anthropometric measure to assess adiposity, alternative indices such as the waist‐to‐height ratio may better reflect the location and amount of ectopic fat as well as the weight of the skeleton.

Methods and results

The prognostic value of several alternative anthropometric measures was compared with that of BMI in 1116 patients with non‐ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) enrolled in DANISH. The association between anthropometric measures and all‐cause death was adjusted for prognostic variables, including natriuretic peptides. Median follow‐up was 9.5 years (25th–75th percentile, 7.9–10.9). Compared to patients with a BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (n = 363), those with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 had a higher risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular death, although this association was only statistically significant for a BMI ≥35 kg/m2 (n = 91) (all‐cause death: hazard ratio [HR] 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–2.48; cardiovascular death: HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.69–3.58). Compared to a BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 (n = 24) was associated with a numerically, but not a significantly, higher risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular death. Greater waist‐to‐height ratio (as an exemplar of indices not incorporating weight) was also associated with a higher risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular death (HR for the highest vs. the lowest quintile: all‐cause death: HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.53–2.92; cardiovascular death: HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.49–3.15).

Conclusion

In patients with non‐ischaemic HFrEF, there was a clear association between greater adiposity and higher long‐term mortality.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00542945.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Cascade Radical Cyclization for Difluorochroman‐4‐Ones Via Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complexes
Authors: Wang Wei‐Feng , Song Qin‐Hua
Published: August 2024

The research of electron donor‐acceptor complex has developed fast in the field of photochemistry. Herein, the green and efficient metal‐free visible‐light‐promoted synthesis of difluorochroman‐4‐ones has been achieved with 2‐(allyloxy)arylaldehyde and bromodifluoroacetamide, which is driven by noncovalent interactions between 2‐(allyloxy)arylaldehyde/N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylene diamine (TMEDA) and bromodifluoroacetamide/TMEDA. By precisely optimizing the electron donor and reaction solvent, a wide range of structurally diverse difluorochroman‐4‐ones, including aryl amide, aliphatic amide and ester groups, were obtained in up to 76 % yields. This strategy offers the benefits of simple operation, good yields, high atomic economy and broad applicability, providing an essential complement to traditional approaches for the preparation of chroman‐4‐one skeletons without any transition metals, photocatalysts or oxidants.
Tandem Knoevenagel‐Aldol Cyclization Towards Di and Trisubstituted Pyridines: Use of Malonaldehyde and Diethyl Malonate for the Synthesis of Indolizine
Authors: Dorai Sandya Tambi , Chandrashekharappa Sandeep
Published: August 2024

An effective method for the construction of a multi‐functionalized pyridine motif of indolizine using the [4+2] annulation pathway involves tandem Knoevenagel‐aldol cyclization as a critical step in the process. The production of an indolizine scaffold with a hydroxy group at the C6 position and an ethyl ester/aldehyde group at the C7 position was successfully accomplished using this approach with an excellent yield, with the use of a reagent that contains active methylene and operates under mild conditions. This straightforward and simple protocol allows extensions of the core moiety in a quick and dependable manner.