bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinction entre perversions sexuelles et perversions narcissiques
Authors: Germani Stéphanie
Published: March 2017

Dans la clinique de l’agir, nous sommes confrontés à des thématiques semblables : passage à l’acte, trouble du narcissisme, jouissance. Malgré le polymorphisme clinique des conduites déviantes et l’infinie diversité des configurations psychopathologiques au sein desquelles des conduites « hors limites » peuvent apparaître, un point semble faire l’accord : nombre des troubles correspondent moins à des troubles de la sexualité proprement dits qu’à des tentatives de « solutions défensives » par rapport à des angoisses majeures concernant le sentiment identitaire qui ne tient plus. À partir de ces observations, la perversion sexuelle s’écarte massivement de la problématique qui se cristallise dans la perversion narcissique.
La neutralisation du management public
Authors: Mongy Aymeric
Published: March 2017

La diffusion des savoirs et recettes affiliés au label du New Public Management au sein du secteur public pourrait être envisagée comme le résultat du renouvellement progressif du personnel local. L’étude d’administrations particulières montre en fait que ces nouvelles approches sont des enjeux de luttes et ne s’imposent que sous certaines conditions. L’article tente ainsi d’incarner les dynamiques de circulation de cette déclinaison du « souci de soi de l’État » par une analyse localisée des conflits, notamment générationnels, entre les différentes composantes des élites administratives au sein d’un conseil régional. Si les agents s’opposent bel et bien, le cadre institutionnel dans lequel leurs luttes prennent cours est marqué par la force de son exécutif. Dans ce contexte, le rapport aux savoirs managériaux semble moins devoir au profil de ses fonctionnaires qu’aux logiques structurantes du politique.
Gouverner les eaux souterraines au Maroc
Authors: Del Vecchio Kévin , Mayaux Pierre-Louis
Published: March 2017

Dans la plaine agricole du Saïss au Maroc, les pouvoirs publics affichent leur inquiétude face à la surexploitation des eaux souterraines. Ils ont élaboré un « contrat de nappe » pour en réguler les usages. Quel changement cet instrument représente-t-il vis-à-vis des politiques hydro-agricoles antérieures, qui étaient tournées vers la mobilisation de quantités d’eau toujours plus massives ? Cet article avance que l’objectif environnemental de préservation de la nappe souterraine a fourni une nouvelle justification à la poursuite de grands travaux d’aménagements des eaux de surface. Mais ceux-ci cohabitent désormais avec un mode de gestion libéral des eaux souterraines. L’État aménageur libéral s’accommode d’une perte, relative, de contrôle sur les dynamiques d’irrigation, dans la mesure où ces dynamiques lui paraissent gérables politiquement et, au moins sur le court terme, désirables économiquement. Mais ces complexes accommodements politiques s’opèrent au détriment d’une gestion durable des eaux souterraines.
Éditorial
Authors: Giblin Béatrice
Published: March 2017

La mer reste plus que jamais un enjeu géopolitique et géostratégique majeur, tant dans le domaine stratégique qu’écologique et économique. Hérodote a choisi de centrer ce numéro, d’une part, sur les grandes marines nationales et leurs objectifs et, d’autre part, sur un risque majeur qui en est à ses débuts, du moins pour ces formes autres que la piraterie : le terrorisme maritime. Les situations géopolitiques en ce début de XXI e siècle incitent les grands États à se doter de puissantes marines nationales à l’exemple de la Chine, de la Russie et de l’Inde, qui en font des outils indispensables à l’exercice de leur stratégie de puissance. Les mers et les océans étant devenus des enjeux stratégiques mais aussi économiques avec la maritimisation des transports. Il est logique qu’ils soient aussi devenus des cibles terroristes, en particulier les détroits et les littoraux des États qui sont incapables d’en assurer la sécurité. Le terrorisme maritime, qui a une longue histoire avec la piraterie, a encore de vastes perspectives de développement.
Menace sous les mers : les vulnérabilités du système câblier mondial
Authors: Morel Camille
Published: March 2017

Les câbles sous-marins sont devenus les vecteurs principaux de l’économie mondiale. Au service des télécommunications, du Web mais également de la transmission d’énergie, le réseau du fond des mers constitue désormais une infrastructure vitale pour la société. Finance, commerce, administration, armée ou encore population civile en dépendent. Or les menaces qui pèsent sur le réseau se font de plus en plus nombreuses. Jusque-là confronté à un certain nombre de risques définis, le système sous-marin est aujourd’hui victime de faits nouveaux. Doit-on s’inquiéter davantage de l’intégrité physique du réseau sous-marin et de ses acteurs qu’auparavant ? Cet article cherchera à identifier les vulnérabilités actuelles et à venir des câbles sous-marins. De la coupure militaire en temps de guerre à la piraterie, en passant par l’espionnage, la cyberattaque, le sabotage ou encore l’action terroriste... le risque d’attaque sur le réseau semble se diversifier chaque jour un peu plus, ce qui interroge ainsi la protection des câbles sous-marins.
La nouvelle géopolitique indienne de la mer : de l’océan Indien à l’Indo-Pacifique
Authors: Racine Jean-Luc
Published: March 2017

Longtemps focalisée sur la menace sino-pakistanaise le long de ses frontières himalayennes, l’Inde opère aujourd’hui une véritable redécouverte des enjeux maritimes, portée à la fois par l’essor de son économie et par l’évolution des paramètres stratégiques dans l’océan Indien et au-delà. Si l’expansion de sa marine marchande est à peine esquissée par le projet de rénovation de ses ports de commerce, l’effort porté sur sa marine de guerre est patent. Face aux avancées chinoises dans l’océan Indien, l’Inde développe une politique bilatérale et régionale avec les États maritimes de son voisinage proche ou étendu, et joue aussi, avec résolution mais prudence, la carte de l’Indo-Pacifique : garder autant que faire se peut sa marge d’autonomie stratégique, tout en intensifiant ses relations avec les grands acteurs (États-Unis, Japon, Australie) comme avec des pays tiers, du Vietnam aux îles Fidji.
Le Japon et la mer, grandeurs et limites
Authors: Pelletier Philippe
Published: March 2017

Le Japon considère son espace maritime de façon contrastée. La culture dominante, terrienne et citadine, a marginalisé sociologiquement et géographiquement les populations littorales vivant de la mer, lesquelles assurent cependant une grande partie de l’alimentation des Japonais. Mais la pêche japonaise qui s’est repliée sur sa ZEE est en déclin. Les litiges frontaliers surinsulaires donnent une importance géopolitique considérable au moindre îlot qui entoure l’archipel japonais, largement supérieure à tout intérêt économique.
Les rivalités navales dans le Golfe : acteurs et ressources
Authors: Samaan Jean-Loup
Published: March 2017

L’espace maritime du Golfe est un reflet des rapports de forces dans la région. Les États-Unis y maintiennent une suprématie navale sans rivale tandis que les Français et les Britanniques restent des acteurs influents. Mais si ces puissances occidentales demeurent fortement présentes, les marines des membres du Conseil de coopération du Golfe et de l’Iran se développent à leur tour. Enfin, les puissances asiatiques sont de plus en plus amenées à y déployer leurs moyens militaires en raison de leurs intenses échanges économiques avec le Golfe, sans que cela puisse à ce stade s’apparenter à un véritable rapprochement stratégique.
Partage de la mer et nouveaux conflits géopolitiques en Baltique
Authors: Escach Nicolas
Published: March 2017

Les réseaux de coopération qui se sont multipliés en mer Baltique depuis la chute du Rideau de fer conduiraient presque à la considérer comme un lac dépourvu de la moindre fracture. D’importants conflits s’y sont pourtant succédé, révélant sa situation stratégique à l’échelle européenne. La guerre froide l’a même érigée en no man’s land militarisé, confortant son rôle de glacis entre les deux blocs. Si la présence de l’Otan dans la zone semble désormais écarter la menace d’un futur conflit armé, des tensions de faible intensité, discontinues dans l’espace et le temps, s’accumulent. La mer Baltique représente un enjeu croissant pour ces nouvelles rivalités à mesure que s’accroît son appropriation. Les confrontations maritimes traduisent en Baltique un regain de conflictualité aux antipodes de l’image d’une gouvernance apaisée et exemplaire.
Réflexions sur la correspondance entre D’Alembert et Voltaire
Authors: Brandão Rodrigo
Published: March 2017

Le présent article propose quelques réflexions sur la correspondance entre Voltaire et D’Alembert en considérant d’une part l’impossibilité de saisir dans un article la complexité et la richesse d’une échange intellectuel de plus d’un quart de siècle et, d’autre part, le fait que la correspondance est l’instance où s’élabore l’amitié des deux philosophes. Après la présentation de certains aspects de la forme épistolaire pour les deux philosophes, on abordera quelques sujets traités dans plus de cinq cents lettres (l’édition de l’Encyclopédie, l’expulsion des Jésuites, l’affaire Calas et celle du chevalier de La Barre parmi d’autres). Ces deux moments préalables présentent les exigences d’une réflexion plus minutieuse et approfondie sur la forme et les contenus de cette correspondance. Finalement on propose une manière de comprendre cette amitié intellectuelle à partir des concordances et des discordances des deux philosophes, où D’Alembert semble prendre une distance plus critique vis‑à-vis du vieil écrivain. Leurs points de rapprochements et de distance démontrent la richesse des rapports entre les deux philosophes et leurs divergences expriment des conceptions différentes sur la manière de faire face aux abus politiques et sociaux de son temps ainsi que des réflexions opposées sur les rapports entre liberté et richesse.
Functional Urban Regions and Larger Urban Zones in Europe and Greece
Authors: Anagnostou Spyros
Published: March 2017

In the European Union, Functional Urban Regions are important to economic and spatial planning; so is the existence of statistical data at this spatial level, both for the European and the national policies. Still, most European countries, like Greece, have no official delimitations for these zones - and, consecutively, no socio-economic data produced at this level. “Larger Urban Zones”, created by Eurostat's Urban Audit represent the only proxy to FURs that could be used for comparable studies, but this would demand an effort for a better harmonization and for consequent statistical series.
Health Systems and Citizenship
Authors: Matos Ana Raquel , Serapioni Mauro
Published: March 2017

This chapter presents the characteristics of the southern healthcare systems, namely of Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece. It briefly identifies the main processes of health reform so that readers can understand the context in which experiences of participation in the health domain were developed.
Examining the Evolution of Agriculture Productivity in the European Union
Authors: Gioti-Papadaki Olga , Ladias Christos , Alexiadis Stilianos
Published: March 2017

This chapter examines agricultural productivity across 12 Member-States of the European Union. Time series techniques are employed. The results suggest that there is no uniform pattern across all EU countries. Few Member-States, nevertheless, follow a common evolution path.
State and Corruption
Authors: Savidou Art.
Published: March 2017

This chapter attempts to analyze the role of state and corruption through national and international aspects.
Efficiency Effects in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Kokkinou Aikaterini
Published: March 2017

Explaining the course of technical efficiency and determining factors which might affect it, have been for a long time, and continue to be, one of the most important topics of economic literature. In response to this most important question, and with the increase in data availability, economic literature has shown a resurgence of interest in testing and quantifying various theories of economic growth and explaining technical efficiency growth. The basic aim of this chapter is the analysis of supply chain management technical efficiency and benchmark logistic activities, regarding technical efficiency attainment levels. The related challenge is to define a robust approach towards empirical implementation and defining the most adequate and reliable methods to put into practice.
The Physical and Photocatalytic Properties of N-Doped TiO2 Polycrystalline Synthesized by a Single Step Sonochemical Method at Room Temperature
Authors: Sutanto Heri , Hidayanto Eko , Mukholit Mukholit , Wibowo Singgih , Nurhasanah Iis , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Published: March 2017

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of popular semiconductor materials that usually used for photocatalytic application. Recent studies show the improvement of TiO2 photocatalytic activity through nitrogen doping (N-doped TiO2). In this study, we focused on the synthesis and characterization of N-doped TiO2. Ultrasonic assisted synthesis or sonochemical method was used to prepare N-doped TiO2 polycrystalline powder under room temperature. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (DR-UV) were employed to evaluate physical properties of N-doped TiO2. XRD pattern exhibited that all samples have anatase crystalline phase and crystallite size decrease with increase of N dopant concentration. The absorbance spectra showed the slight shift toward higher wavelength (red shift) and from Kubelka-Munk function the band gaps were getting smaller with increase of N content. The increase of photocatalytic activity under solar radiation was achieved by N-doped TiO2 samples with highest efficiency about 81 % for 5% of N doping concentration.
Effect of Coating Adhesion on Turmeric Essential Oil Incorporated into Chitosan-Based Edible Coating
Authors: Ahmad M.H. , Yusof Noorsuhana Mohd , Jai Junaidah , Hamzah Fazlena
Published: March 2017

The main objective of this paper is to study the coating adhesion of edible coating incorporated with active ingredients from turmeric essential oil on cherry tomatoes. The effects of different concentrations (20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, and 0.75 μL) of turmeric essential oil into chitosan-based edible coating were evaluated. The sessile drop technique was applied to measure the contact angles on the surface of the tomatoes. The critical surface tension of the tomato was 18.36 mN/m, and its polar and dispersive component was 3.55 mN/m and 27.31 mN/m. The surface tension of the tomato was found to be 30.86 mN/m. All these surface tension were obtained from the Zisman plot method.
Effect of Replacing Carbon Black with Surfactant-Modified Natural Feldspar on Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Pinton Noel Jeffrey P. , Pajarito Bryan B.
Published: March 2017

The effect of replacing carbon black (CB) with surfactant-modified natural feldspar (SMNF) on hardness and tensile properties of natural rubber (NR) composites was studied using a simplex-lattice mixture design of experiment. SMNF was produced by treating natural feldspar (NF) with coconut diethanolamine (CDEA) and glycerol monostearate (GMS). Complete replacement of CB with SMNF based from CDEA or GMS decreased Shore A hardness and tensile stress at all elongations. NR composites reinforced with SMNF based from GMS exhibited higher mechanical properties than from CDEA which is attributed to the higher hydrophobicity factor of GMS. CDEA may also have aggregated on the surface of NF, resulting to poor filler dispersion and ineffective stress transfer.
The Morphology Effect on the Selectivity of SPEEK/ENR Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Wan Mohd Noral Azman W.N.E. , Jaafar Juhana , Salleh W.N.W. , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan , A Rahman Mukhlis , Aziz F. , Binti Yusof Norhaniza
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate the morphology effect of ENR-50 content on the conductivity and methanol permeability of SPEEK/ENR-50 membranes for DMFC application. Three different ratios (9.5:0.5, 8.5:1.5 and 7.5:2.5) of blended SPEEK/ENR-50 membranes were prepared via solution intercalation method. The cross sectional images of the all SPEEK/ENR-50 membranes studied by SEM shows an existence of ENR-50 droplets in SPEEK matrix which decrease in size with an increasing of ENR-50 content from 1.5 wt% to 2.5 wt%. The study of the performances of the blended membranes shows that the proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the membranes decrease with an increasing of ENR-50 content. However, the proton conductivity of the blended membrane with 0.5 wt% ENR-50 content (9.66x10-3 S cm-1) proven higher than pristine SPEEK but lower than Nafion 117. The barrier performance of all SPEEK/ENR-50 membranes was enhanced compared to the expensive Nafion 117 membrane and pristine SPEEK. Consequently, by incorporating ENR-50 content into SPEEK membrane, the selectivity of the membranes has considerably increased.
Physical Properties of CdSxTe1-x Thin Films Prepared by Close Spaced Sublimation Method
Authors: Gaewdang Thitinai , Wongcharoen Ngamnit
Published: March 2017

CdSxTe1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) thin films were prepared on clear quartz glass substrate by close spaced sublimation method using stoichiometric mixed powders of pure CdS and CdTe compounds. Crystal structure of CdSxTe1-x thin films was cubic structure with a preferential orientation of (111) plane when the S mole ratio less than 0.2. However, For the composition 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.8, the cubic and the hexagonal phases were found to coexist in the system and the films became less preferentially oriented whereas CdS thin films formed in the hexagonal phase with a preferential orientation of (002) plane. SEM micrographs showed the grain size decreased when the S content increased. As the S content increased, the energy gap value of CdSxTe1-x thin films varied from 1.48 eV (for CdTe) to 2.25 eV (for CdS). Dark electrical sheet resistance of CdSxTe1-x thin films decreased as a function of S content to minimum value about 2.24×107 Ω/sq for x=0.8 and then slightly increased to 4.13×107 Ω/sq for x=1.0. From the transient photoconductivity measurements, the highest photosensitivity value about 60.0 was obtained for the films with x = 0.8.
Implementing Thermomechanical Properties of 22MnB5 Steel during Hot Single-Point Incremental Forming
Authors: Al-Obaidi Amar , Kräusel Verena , Landgrebe Dirk
Published: March 2017

The strategy in manufacturing hardened parts used in car bodies is to tailor the mechanical properties. This is done by combining together a high-strength region and a high-toughness region to ensure the crash performance required. Other successive secondary operations such as trimming, joining and welding can be improved as a result of the tailoring process. In this work, the mechanical properties of 22MnB5 alloy sheet material produced by single-point incremental forming have been tailored. For this purpose, the sheets were locally heated by induction during the forming process and subsequently cooled. The sheet temperature was controlled by the CNC milling machine feed rate and induction power. As a result, the produced tailored parts consist of three different regions: ductile, transition and hardened regions. The Vickers hardness values were 583 HV1 and 175 HV1 for the hardened and ductile regions, respectively. The proposed application allows forming and quenching at the same time without transfer and to reduce the process time.
Microstructure and Wear Properties of High-Pressure Torsion Processed Iron
Authors: Kato Hirotaka , Todaka Yoshikazu
Published: March 2017

Microstructure and sliding wear properties of the sub-microcrystalline pure iron produced by an HPT process were investigated in detail. It was found the grains of pure iron were significantly refined to the submicron size range by an HPT process, and the Vickers hardness of HPT-processed specimens increased with increasing number of turns and distance from the center due to the grain refinement. A linear relationship between the hardness and the inverse square root of grain size (the Hall-Petch relationship) was realized. The HPT process clearly increased the wear resistance, and a linear correlation between the specific wear rate and the inverse of the Vickers hardness was found, which agreed with the Archard wear equation. The wear in SUJ2 ball wear tests was much higher than that in WC-Co ball wear tests owing to the high adhesion between the specimen materials.
Laser Melting of High Thermal Conductivity Steel (HTCS) Surface
Authors: Bariman Norhafzan , Aqida Syarifah Nur , Fauzun Fazliana
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a laser melting of high thermal conductivity steel (HTCS) dies for surface properties modification due to die failures during operations. Sample were cut from as-received die without any defect or crack. Melting process was conducted using Nd:YAG laser system with pulse mode at 50 W average power. The laser beam was defocused to a spot size of 1 mm on the sample surface. Parameters controlled in this study were peak power of 800 and 1200 W, and pulse repetition frequency of 80 and 90 Hz. Metallographic study and chemical composition analysis were conducted using Hitachi TM3030Plus scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDXS). Surface roughness was measured using Mitutoyo SURFTEST SJ-410 stylus profilometer. Hardness properties of the modified layer were characterized by Wilson Hardness tester at 100 N force. The metallographic study showed high porosity at partially melted zone (PMZ) area. From overall findings, laser processing parameter affected hardness properties and surface roughness of modified layer. Where the surface roughness value obtained is between 1.49 and 3.15 μm, while the hardness value is between 550.9 and 610.9 HV0.1. These findings are significant to parameters selection for hot stamping die surface repair and prolong its service.
Material Removal Model of Lap Grinding for Sapphire Substrate Based on Roughness Parameters
Authors: Lee Hyun Seop , Lee Taek Yung
Published: March 2017

Sapphire is one of difficult-to-machine materials because of its high hardness and brittleness. It can be used for an optical window or cover named as sapphire glass and a substrate for semiconductor circuits. Before preparing the required surface roughness of sapphire substrate, the geometrical shape should be retained through mechanical machining processes. The lapping and diamond mechanical polishing (DMP) are essentially used for achieving the required thickness and surface roughness of sapphire substrate prior to chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). In this study, we introduce a lap grinding process using fixed abrasives to substitute lapping and DMP. The material removal rates (MRRs) were measured under various machining conditions. The semi-empirical model on MRR was introduced based on the information of grinding pallet. This paper may provide a preliminary experimental study on the lap grinding of sapphire substrate.
Fabrication of Eco-Green Brick by Using of Vetiver Grass as Feldspar Replacement
Authors: Threrujirapapong Thotsaphon , Khanitchaidecha Wilawan , Channei Du Ang Dao , Nakaruk Auppatham
Published: March 2017

Vetiver grass is a widespread plant in Thailand. It has been used in several applications such as land erosion prevention, toxic pollutants removal, and environmental remediation. The chemical analysis provided that it mainly contained of >50% of potassium and ~20 wt% silicon. Since, the main element is potassium, then it is likely to be used as feldspar replacement in ceramic processing. The thermal analysis of vetiver grass also revealed that the vetiver grass can act as fluxing agents to form a glassy phase at low temperatures (600°C). The effect of vetiver percentage in ceramic processing on some physical and mechanical properties of ceramics were examined including, firing shrinkage, density, porosity, and bending stress. The results showed that with increasing the ratio of vetiver grass the density of sample decreased from 1.7 g/cm3 (without vetiver grass) to 1.1 g/cm3 (30 wt% of vetiver grass) at 600°C of firing temperature. The explanation was that during the firing process vetiver grass can generate CO2 from hydrocarbon decomposition, this CO2 created pores inside the sample, then the density was decreased and pore volume also increased. Meanwhile, the bending stress decreased from 3.6 MPa (without vetiver grass) to 0.5 MPa (30 wt% of vetiver grass) at 600°C of firing temperature. In summary, the results proved that the vetiver grass is a good candidate to be feldspar replacement in ceramic processing. In the other words, it can be one option for promoting environmental sustainability in term of waste and mining reductions.
Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete Using Dredged Marine Sand
Authors: Tang Wai Ching , Cui Hong Zhi
Published: March 2017

This paper reports an experimental investigation on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete using dredged marine sand (DMS). Two sources of DMS were used and the influence of water treatment prior to mixing concrete was studied. Compressive strength, tensile strength and elastic modulus of concrete with DMS were evaluated and compared with concrete made of river sand. The corrosion performance of reinforced concrete using sea dredged aggregate was examined by half-cell potential test. The results showed that the grading of DMS is suitable for concrete production. The compressive strength values of concrete specimens made with DMS are slightly higher than that of concrete made with RS. The water cleaning method is effective to minimize the chance of steel corrosion by reducing the chloride content in DMS aggregates. The results from half-cell potential test indicated that the potential values of specimens with DMS are comparable to that of specimens with RS and hence the possibility of corrosion is low. The study revealed that DMS soon after washing, could be used as an alternative to river sand.
The contribution of neuromuscular stimulation in elucidating muscle plasticity revisited
Authors: Pette Dirk , Vrbová Gerta
Published: March 2017

Studies carried out during the past 45 years on the effects of chronic low-frequency stimulation on skeletal muscle have revealed a multiplicity of adaptive changes of muscle fibres in response to increased activity. As reflected by induced changes in the metabolic properties, protein profiles of the contractile machinery and elements of the Ca2+-regulatory system, all essential components of the muscle fibre undergo pronounced changes in their properties that ultimately lead to their reversible transformation from fast-to-slow phenotype. The chronic low-frequency stimulation experiment thus allows exploring many aspects of the plasticity of mammalian skeletal muscle. Moreover it offers the possibility of elucidating molecular mechanisms that remodel phenotypic properties of a differentiated post-mitotic cell during adaptation to altered functional demands. The understanding of the adaptive potential of muscle can be taken advantage of for repairing muscle damage in various muscle diseases. In addition it can be used to prevent muscle wasting during inactivity and aging. Indeed, pioneering studies are still the sound grounds for the many current applications of Functional Electrical Stimulation and for the related research activities that are still proposed and funded.
Abstracts of the XIII Annual Meeting of the Interuniversity Institute of Myology | Assisi, Italy, October 13-16, 2016
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2017

Not available.
Healthcare in Low-Resource Settings: the long view for healthcare
Authors: Fasina Abiola
Published: March 2017

Not available.
Four Olethreutinae new to the Italian fauna from Tuscan-Romagnol Appennines (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
Authors: Trematerra P. , Colacci M.
Published: March 2017

Lobesia andereggiana (Herrich-Schäffer), Ancylis rhenana (Müller-Rutz), Eucosma agnatana (Christoph) and Lathronympha balearici Diakonoff (Lepidoptera, Olethreutinae) are reported for first time from the Italian fauna. The four species of Lepidoptera Tortricidae were collected from the Tuscan-Romagnol Appennines in the upper Acerreta Valley.
Sexual Harassment Training and Reporting in Athletic Training Students
Authors: Mansell Jamie , Moffit Dani M. , Russ Anne C. , Thorpe Justin N.
Published: March 2017

Context:

Sexual harassment is a growing concern in higher education. Athletic training students should feel safe in their programs, whether in the didactic or clinical setting. Though the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education creates standards to keep the students safe, there are none regarding sexual harassment training for athletic training students.

Objective:

To determine the rate of sexual harassment training in athletic training students, with a secondary purpose of determining, if indeed sexual harassment training occurs, whether it is associated with the college or university or is offered through an outside entity.

Design:

Survey.

Setting:

Online.

Patients or Other Participants:

Eight hundred eighty-five athletic training students (613 females, 272 males).

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Data were analyzed through SurveyMonkey, and the statistical software R. Frequency counts and percentages were determined. A Fisher exact test was run to determine if there was a relationship between the athletic training student's current knowledge and whether the athletic training student had received harassment training.

Results:

The study found that more than 50% of male and female athletic training students had not recieved sexual harassment training, whereas 75% of all respondents stated that they knew what resources were available to report issues of sexual harrassment. The odds of a person not knowing what resources were available to report harassment and not having training were 6 times the odds of those who had training and did not know what resources were available.

Conclusions:

Our study emphasizes the need for sexual harassment training in athletic training programs. Athletic training students need to know what sexual harassment is and who to report it to. Additionally, they should not feel threatened by reporting any instances of harassment.
Athletic Training Preceptors' Perceived Learning Needs Regarding Preceptor Development
Authors: Hankemeier Dorice A. , Kirby Jessica L. , Walker Stacy E. , Thrasher Ashley B.
Published: March 2017

Context:

Athletic training programs can develop their own content and mechanisms for developing preceptors. Ideally, preceptor development sessions should meet the needs of both the educational program and the preceptor; however, there is a gap in the existing literature regarding athletic training preceptors' perceived learning needs.

Objective:

To examine preceptors' perceived learning needs regarding preceptor development and determine if differences occur based on preceptor characteristics.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

Online survey platform Qualtrics.

Patients or Other Participants:

Seventy-nine preceptors (31.66 ± 8.63 years, male = 32, female = 47, years certified = 9.46 ± 8.27, years as preceptor = 6.08 ± 5.88) affiliated with professional programs in National Athletic Trainers' Association District 4.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The Preceptor Needs Assessment included 5 sections (Teaching and Learning in the Clinical Setting, Evaluating Students, Communication, Student Development, and Mentorship). Preceptors were asked to rate topics in each section on their perceived level of helpfulness (1 = not helpful, 2 = somewhat helpful, 3 = very helpful) if they were to be included in a preceptor development session. Descriptive statistics (ie, means) were used to examine the data, and differences in perceived needs based on demographic characteristics were assessed with χ2 analysis. Statistical significance was set a priori at P ≤ .05.

Results:

Topics in evaluating students (2.39 ± 0.47) and teaching and learning in the clinical setting (2.38 ± 0.41) were rated most helpful and concepts in mentorship (2.13 ± 0.59) least helpful. No significant differences in perceived helpfulness of any topics were noted in relation to participant characteristics, including years as a preceptor, clinical setting, and educational background (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Learning needs of preceptors do not appear to be based on years of experience, clinical setting, or educational background. Athletic training programs should aim to offer preceptor development related to teaching and learning in the clinical setting while specifically providing guidance on developing students' critical thinking skills and teaching clinical decision making.
Speech-language therapy for adolescents with written-language difficulties: The South African context
Authors: Erasmus Danel , Schutte Leani , Van der Merwe Melissa , Geertsema Salomé
Published: March 2017

Objective: To investigate whether privately practising speech-language therapists in South Africa are fulfilling their role of identification, assessment and intervention for adolescents with written-language and reading difficulties. Further needs concerning training with regard to this population group were also determined.Method: A survey study was conducted, using a self-administered questionnaire. Twenty-two currently practising speech-language therapists who are registered members of the South African Speech-Language-Hearing Association (SASLHA) participated in the study.Results: The respondents indicated that they are aware of their role regarding adolescents with written-language difficulties. However, they feel that South-African speech-language therapists are not fulfilling this role. Existing assessment tools and interventions for written-language difficulties are described as inadequate, and culturally and age inappropriate. Yet, the majority of the respondents feel that they are adequately equipped to work with adolescents with written-language difficulties, based on their own experience, self-study and secondary training. The respondents feel that training regarding effective collaboration with teachers is necessary to establish specific roles, and to promote speech-language therapy for adolescents among teachers.Conclusion: Further research is needed in developing appropriate assessment and intervention tools as well as improvement of training at an undergraduate level.
Revisiting the roles and responsibilities of speech-language therapists in South African schools
Authors: Wium Anna Maria , Louw Brenda
Published: March 2017

The role of speech-language therapists (SLTs) in schools in South Africa needs to be revisited based on the changing educational needs in the country. Th is article builds on a paper by Kathard et al. (2011), which discussed the changing needs of the country with regard to the role of SLTs working in schools. South African policy changes indicated a shift from supporting the child to supporting the teacher, but also place more emphasis on the support of all learners in literacy in an eff ort to address past inequities. Th is paper addresses several of the questions that emerged from Kathard et al. and explores the collaborative roles played by SLTs on four levels in the education context. Collaboration at the learner level (level 1) focuses on prevention and support, whereas collaboration at the teacher level (level 2) is described in terms of training, mentoring, monitoring and consultation. Collaboration can also occur at the district level (level 3), where the focus is mainly on the development and implementation of support programmes for teachers in areas of literacy and numeracy. Collaboration at the level of national and provincial education (level 4) is key to all other roles, as it impacts on policy. Th is last level is the platform to advocate for the employment of SLTs in schools. Such new roles and responsibilities have important implications for the preparation of future SLTs. Suggestions for curricular review and professional development are discussed. It is proposed that SASLHA responds to the changes by developing a position statement on the roles and responsibilities of SLTs in schools.
Configured ligature wire for quick conventional and overtie lingual archwire ligations
Authors: Priyaranjan Chakravorty B
Published: March 2017

Ligation of archwire to lingual bracket is a tedious and time-consuming process. Any excessive clinical working time on a lingually treated patient has a direct bearing on pain and discomfort experienced due to prolonged mouth opening. An aid to quick and efficient ligation is described below.
Two-phase orthodontic treatment in a unilateral cleft lip and palate patient with 1-year follow-up results
Authors: Dhole Prashant M. , Maheshwari Divya O.
Published: March 2017

Treatment of a patient with cleft lip and palate can be challenging. A 10-year and 10-month-old girl presented with uneven and crowded teeth. She had unilateral cleft lip and palate on left side for which she had undergone primary lip repair and palatoplasty when she was younger. On examination, she had concave facial appearance, crossbite of upper arch with reverse overjet of 2 mm, wits appraisal of 6 mm and impacted 23. She was treated with two-phase orthodontic treatment; growth modification appliances followed by fixed mechanotherapy. Total treatment time was 5 years. 1-year follow-up shows that results have been stable with good facial aesthetics and functional occlusion.
Global distribution of CO2 in the upper troposphere and stratosphere
Authors: Diallo Mohamadou , Legras Bernard , Ray Eric , Engel Andreas , Añel Juan A.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. In this study, we construct a new monthly zonal mean carbon dioxide (CO2) distribution from the upper troposphere to the stratosphere over the 2000–2010 time period. This reconstructed CO2 product is based on a Lagrangian backward trajectory model driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis meteorology and tropospheric CO2 measurements. Comparisons of our CO2 product to extratropical in situ measurements from aircraft transects and balloon profiles show remarkably good agreement. The main features of the CO2 distribution include (1) relatively large mixing ratios in the tropical stratosphere; (2) seasonal variability in the extratropics, with relatively high mixing ratios in the summer and autumn hemisphere in the 15–20 km altitude layer; and (3) decreasing mixing ratios with increasing altitude from the upper troposphere to the middle stratosphere ( ∼ 35 km). These features are consistent with expected variability due to the transport of long-lived trace gases by the stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation. The method used here to construct this CO2 product is unique from other modelling efforts and should be useful for model and satellite validation in the upper troposphere and stratosphere as a prior for inversion modelling and to analyse features of stratosphere–troposphere exchange as well as the stratospheric circulation and its variability.
On the spatio-temporal representativeness of observations
Authors: Schutgens Nick , Tsyro Svetlana , Gryspeerdt Ed , Goto Daisuke , Weigum Natalie , Schulz Michael , Stier Philip
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The discontinuous spatio-temporal sampling of observations has an impact when using them to construct climatologies or evaluate models. Here we provide estimates of this so-called representation error for a range of time and length-scales (semi-annually down to sub-daily, 300 to 50 km) and show that even after substantial averaging of data significant representation errors may remain, larger than typical measurement errors. Our study considers a variety of observations: ground-site remote sensing or in-situ (PM2.5, black carbon mass or number concentrations), satellite remote sensing with imagers or LIDARs (extinction). We show that observational coverage (a measure of how dense the spatio-temporal sampling of the observations is) is not an effective metric to limit representation errors. Different strategies to construct monthly satellite L3 data are assessed and temporal averaging of spatially aggregated observations (super-observations) is found to be the best, although it still allows for significant representation errors. Temporal collocation of data (only possible in the context of evaluating model data with observations) can be very effective at reducing representation errors even when spatial sampling issues remain (e.g. when using ground-sites). We also show that ground-based and wide-swath imager satellite remote sensing data give rise to similar representation errors although their observational sampling is different. Finally, emission sources and orography can lead to representation errors that are very hard to reduce even with substantial temporal averaging.
On the meaning of independence in climate science
Authors: Annan James D. , Hargreaves Julia C.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The concept of independence has been frequently mentioned in climate science research, but has rarely been defined and discussed in a theoretically robust and quantifiable manner. In this paper we argue that any discussion must start from a clear and unambiguous definition of what independence means and how it can be determined. We introduce an approach based on the statistical definition of independence, and illustrate with simple examples how it can be applied to practical questions. Firstly, we apply these ideas to climate models, which are frequently argued to not be independent of each other, raising questions as to the robustness of results from multi-model ensembles. We explore the dependence between models in a multi-model ensemble, and suggest a possible way forward for future weighting strategies. Secondly, we discuss the issue of independence in relation to the synthesis of multiple observationally based constraints on the climate system, using equilibrium climate sensitivity as an example. We show that the same statistical theory applies to this problem, and illustrate this with a test case, indicating how researchers may estimate dependence between multiple constraints.
Historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic emissions of reactive gases and aerosols from the Community Emission Data System (CEDS)
Authors: Hoesly Rachel M. , Smith Steven J. , Feng Leyang , Klimont Zbigniew , Janssens-Maenhout Greet , Pitkanen Tyler , Seibert Jonathan J. , Vu Linh , Andres Robert J. , Bolt Ryan M. , Bond Tami C. , Dawidowski Laura , Kholod Nazar , Kurokawa Jun-ichi , Li Meng , Liu Liang , Lu Zifeng , Moura Maria Cecilia P. , O'Rourke Patrick R. , Zhang Qiang
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We present a new data set of annual historical (1750–2014) anthropogenic chemically reactive gases (CO, CH4, NH3, NOX, SO2, NMVOC), carbonaceous aerosols (BC and OC), and CO2 developed with the Community Emissions Database System (CEDS). We improve upon existing inventories with a more consistent and reproducible methodology applied to all emissions species, updated emission factors, and recent estimates through 2014. The data system relies on existing energy consumption data sets and regional and country-specific inventories to produce trends over recent decades. All emissions species are consistently estimated using the same activity data over all time periods. Emissions are provided on an annual basis at the level of country and sector and gridded with monthly seasonality. These estimates are comparable to, but generally slightly higher than, existing global inventories. Emissions over the most recent years are more uncertain, particularly in low- and middle-income regions where country-specific emission inventories are less available. Future work will involve refining and updating these emission estimates, estimating emissions uncertainty, and publication of the system as open source software.
Modelling of sediment transport and morphological evolution under the combined action of waves and currents
Authors: Franz Guilherme , Delpey Matthias T. , Brito David , Pinto Lígia , Leitão Paulo , Neves Ramiro
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Coastal defence structures are often constructed to prevent beach erosion. However, poorly designed structures may cause serious erosion problems in the downdrift direction. Morphological models are useful tools to predict such impacts and assess the efficiency of defence structures for different scenarios. Nevertheless, morphological modelling is still a topic under intense research effort. The processes simulated by a morphological model depend on model complexity. For instance, undertow currents are neglected in coastal area models (2DH), which is a limitation for simulating the evolution of beach profiles for long periods. Model limitations are generally overcome by predefining invariant equilibrium profiles that are allowed to shift offshore or onshore. A more flexible approach is described in this paper, which can be generalised to 3D models. The present work is based on the coupling of the MOHID modelling system and SWAN wave model. The impacts of different designs of detached breakwaters and groynes were simulated in a schematic beach configuration following a 2DH approach. The results of bathymetry evolution are in agreement with the patterns found in the literature for several existing structures. The model was also tested in a 3D test case to simulate the formation of sandbars by undertow currents. The findings of this work confirmed the applicability of the MOHID modelling system to study sediment transport and morphological changes in coastal zones under the combined action of waves and currents. The same modelling methodology was applied to a coastal zone (Costa da Caparica) located at the mouth of a mesotidal estuary (Tagus Estuary, Portugal) to evaluate the hydrodynamics and sediment transport in calm water conditions and during events of highly energetic waves.
Surge dynamics and lake outbursts of Kyagar Glacier, Karakoram
Authors: Round Vanessa , Leinss Silvan , Huss Matthias , Haemmig Christoph , Hajnsek Irena
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The recent surge cycle of Kyagar Glacier, in the Chinese Karakoram, caused formation of an ice-dammed lake and subsequent glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) exceeding 40 million m3 in 2015 and 2016. GLOFs from Kyagar Glacier reached double this size in 2002 and earlier, but the role of glacier surging in GLOF formation was previously unrecognised. We present an integrative analysis of the glacier surge dynamics from 2011 to 2016, assessing surge mechanisms and evaluating the surge cycle impact on GLOFs. Over 80 glacier surface velocity fields were created from TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement), Sentinel-1A, and Landsat satellite data. Changes in ice thickness distribution were revealed by a time series of TanDEM-X elevation models. The analysis shows that, during a quiescence phase lasting at least 14 years, ice mass built up in a reservoir area at the top of the glacier tongue, and the terminus thinned by up to 100 m, but in the 2 years preceding the surge onset this pattern reversed. The surge initiated with the onset of the 2014 melt season, and in the following 15 months velocity evolved in a manner consistent with a hydrologically controlled surge mechanism. Dramatic accelerations coincided with melt seasons, winter deceleration was accompanied by subglacial drainage, and rapid surge termination occurred following the 2015 GLOF. Rapid basal motion during the surge is seemingly controlled by high water pressure, caused by input of surface water into either an inefficient subglacial drainage system or unstable subglacial till. The potential lake volume increased to more than 70 million m3 by late 2016, as a result of over 60 m of thickening at the terminus. Lake formation and the evolution of the ice dam height should be carefully monitored through remote sensing to anticipate large GLOFs in the near future.