bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Descriptive study of how proportioning marks determines the performance of nursing students in a pharmacology course.
Authors: Doggrell Sheila
Published: December 2020

Background: In programs with higher proportions of marks allocated to ongoing assessment, the students have higher overall marks than those with a lower proportion allocated to assessment. Little or no attention has been made to how the allocation affects the academic success of students in individual courses. The purpose of this study was to determine how the allocation of marks to examinations, tutorials and an assignment affects the performance of nursing students in a pharmacology course. Methods: For students who passed a pharmacology course (i) the marks for examinations and ongoing assessment (tutorials and/or an assignment) were compared, and (ii) regression line and correlation analysis was undertaken to determine any association between these marks. In addition, for completing students, modelling was undertaken to determine the effects of changing the allocation of marks on passing and failing rates. Results: Nursing students who passed a pharmacology course obtained significantly lower marks in examinations than ongoing assessment, and for the ongoing assessment, lower marks in the assignment than tutorials. Regression line analysis showed that the marks in ongoing assessment (tutorials and/or the assignment) versus examination marks were a poor line-fit. The correlation coefficients between ongoing assessment and examinations were weak to moderate. A high percentage of students passed the course (> 90%) and, modelling for completing students, showed that decreasing the marks for examination would have led to slightly more students passing the pharmacology course with higher grades. In contrast, increasing the marks for examination would have dramatically decreased the number of students passing the course, and their grades. Conclusions: The allocation of marks can have a major effect on student performance. As ongoing assessment is only a weak or moderate indicator of performance in examination this has implications for students who rely on passing examinations for their advancement. For instance, nursing students in some countries (e.g. USA) are required to pass examinations prior to registration, whereas in others (e.g. Australia) they are not. Consideration needs to be given as to whether it is appropriate for nursing students who fail examinations to pass courses/programs.
Quality of Nursing Education Programme in the Philippines: Faculty Members Perspectives 
Authors: Appiah Stella
Published: December 2020

Background: The subject of continuous improvement in the quality of nursing education programme is an extremely sensitive issue worldwide, particularly in the Philippines where a high number of trained registered nurses are exported to both developed and developing countries. The assessment of the quality of nursing education programme is usually measured using pass rates in licensure examinations by several government organizations. However, few studies have indicated that various categories of faculty members view the quality of nursing programmes differently, this study probed further and determined whether the quality of nursing education programme differs according to the profile of faculty members in Philippines colleges of higher education. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study design was employed in this study. One hundred and eight-five (185) faculty members in fifteen (15) higher educational institutions were selected for the research using purposive-census sampling. The study was carried out from January 1 to June 30, 2017. Close-ended structured questionnaires based on study objectives were used to collect data. Frequency and percentages were used to analyse the profile of faculty members whereas weighted means from a four Likert’s scale was used to interpret the extent of perceived quality of nursing education programme.Results: Majority, 39% and 46% of faculty members had 1-5 years’ clinical experience and 6-10 years of teaching experience respectively. Faculty members strongly agreed with a grand weighted mean of 3.84 out of 4.00 that nursing education programme is of good quality in the Philippines and is synonyms with other universities in the world. Teaching experience of faculty members showed significant relations in the quality of mission/vision/goals/objectives (p-value=0.008), curriculum and instruction (p-value=0.038), administration of nursing programme (p-value=0.025), faculty development programme (p-value=0.003), physical structure and equipment (p-value=0.016), student services (p-value=0.017), admission of students (p-value=0.010) and quality assurance system (p-value=0.009).Conclusion: Faculty members strongly perceived nursing education programme to be of good quality in this study. Teaching experience of instructors showed a significant relationship with the quality of nursing education programme in all the quality assessment indicators. However, clinical experience and job category of faculty members rather showed that the quality of nursing education programme is the same throughout all the higher educational institutions. The study implies that the teaching experience of faculty members is a strong predictor of quality of nursing education programme and employing faculty experienced in teaching is substantial for the continuous improvement of nursing education programme.
MiR-200c/FUT4 axis prevents the proliferation of colon cancer cells by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Cong Jinchun , Yang Chuanjia , Xia Zhixiu , Gong Jian , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2020

Background: MicroRNA(miR)-200c has been widely reported to be involved in colon cancer progress. However, the mechanisms of miR-200c in regulating tumor metastasis and growth remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of miR-200c targets fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4) on the proliferation of colon cancer. Methods: The miR-200c and FUT4 mRNA levels in LoVo and SW480 cells were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Further, miR-200c mimic, FUT4 siRNA and FUT4 mimic were transfected into cells, separately. Cell counting kit-8, plate colony formation and transwell assays were used to analyse the cells biological behaviour.. Immunofluorescence was used to analyse the Ki-67 expression Moreover, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins were detected by western blots. A double luciferase experiment was performed to confirm the relationship between miR-200c and FUT4. In vivo , tumour growth and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins were also analysed. Results: In vitro, the expression of miR-200c and FUT4 were negatively correlated in LoVo and SW480 cells (correlation coefficients were -0.9046 and -0.9236, respectively). MiR-200c overexpression inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of LoVo and SW480 cells by downregulating FUT4. The Ki67-positive cells and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway-related proteins were reduced in the miR-200c overexpression and FUT4 silencing groups. A dual luciferase reporting system identified FUT4 as the target of miR-200c. The results in vivo were further confirmed the foundation of cells study. Conclusions: In summary, miR-200c overexpression inhibits proliferation of colon cancer targeting FUT4 to downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which promises molecular targets to inhibit metastasis for colon cancer therapy.
A feasibility study of uninhabited aircraft systems for rapid and cost-effective plant stress monitoring at green stormwater infrastructure facilities
Authors: Prettyman Kery , Babbar-Sebens Meghna , Parrish Christopher E. , Babbar-Sebens Jeremy Matthew
Published: December 2020

Vegetation health monitoring is key to identifying early signs of water stress, pollutant-induced toxicity, and plant diseases in green urban stormwater facilities. However, rigorous monitoring to collect accurate quantitative data is an expensive and time-consuming process. This paper examines the feasibility of using uninhabited aircraft systems (UAS), in comparison to standard ground-based methods, for monitoring biomass and primary production in two bioswale cells at an urban stormwater facility. Implementation of the UAS-based approach involved flight planning in an urban area to meet resolution requirements of bioswale imagery obtained from near-infrared and red-green-blue cameras. The resulting normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) estimated from UAS data was tracked over a 2-month period during the transition from spring to summer, showing the spatial distribution of NDVI and the change in vegetation coverage areas over time. In comparison, ground-based measurements of the fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) presented multiple practical challenges during implementation in the field, leading to over- and underestimates of intercepted PAR. Overall, UAS-derived NDVI was found to be a valuable reflectance-based, vegetation health-monitoring methodology that can be used by utilities and cities for practical, cost-effective, and rapid assessment of vegetation stress and for long-term maintenance in green stormwater facilities.
Essential elements and standards for their contents in drinking water
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, 2 Semashko Str., Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation, Sinitsyna O.O. , Plitman S.I. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, 2 Semashko Str., Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation, Ampleeva G.P. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, 2 Semashko Str., Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation, Gil'denskiol'd O.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, 2 Semashko Str., Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation, Ryashentseva T.M. ,   Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, 2 Semashko Str., Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Certain essential and conditionally essential natural elements (selenium, chromium, iodine, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, fluorine, lithium, silicon, boron, and bromine) are standardized in terms of their contents in drinking water as per sanitary-toxicological parameters of adverse health effects. Our research goal was to determine a contribution made by drinking water into supplying a human body with essential natural elements as well as to substantiate the necessity to update standards regarding these substances. We applied calculation models for dose equivalents of essential elements MPC (maximum permissible concentration), MPC calculations for these substances basing on a necessary 20 % contribution made by drinking water into reference doses, and calculation of non-carcinogenic health risks due to essential elements occurrence in specific drinking water sources with these elements being distributed into different groups as per similar effects produced on certain organs and systems in a body. We took existing drinking water sources containing 6 essential elements with similar effects as an example and applied a procedure for assessing non-carcinogenic health risks. Acting nickel and selenium MPC do not supply a body with an optimal daily intake whereas their determined MPC are not only harmless but also conform to the minimum necessary intake dose. At the same time neither acting lithium MPC nor its calculated one taking into account risk assessment based on internationally accepted reference doses doesn’t provide the minimum necessary daily intake into a human body. When boron and vanadium are contained in drinking water in a concentration close to their MPC, then their 20 % contribution into the reference dose is exceeded (71.4 % and 164.7 % accordingly). Introduction of these essential elements with food can become a factor that determines non-carcinogenic risk level.
Filozofia systemu zarządzania środowiskiem wg PN-EN ISO 14001: 1998
Authors: Czartoszewski Jacek W.
Published: December 2020

The author discusses attributes, requirements, and effects which was ligated by application environmental management systems and presents putting in practice ISO 14001 in Poland. The author considers also philosophical bases of sustainable development idea and philosophy of Total Quality Management [TQM ] and British norms BS 7750.
Problemy symulowania "sztucznego środowiska" habitatu z perspektywy sozopsychologii kosmicznej
Authors: Terelak Jan F.
Published: December 2020

The article tries to develop a theoretical and methodological basis for modeling human being's artificial environment in spaceships. The author, as a founder of "cosmic sozopsychology" understands this as a subdiscipline of sozopsychology, underlines the necessity to build a safety barrier to maintain and protect human life in an extreme cosmic environment. It demands a very detailed knowledge of man ecology including upper and bottom limits of tolerance for stressful factors existing in space. These aims are very useful for flight simulators. Among others, there are very important so-called "ecological imitators" of human work and human existence on board spaceships. The detailed knowledge of all stress factors has systematic character, including objective and subjective interactions within the human-environment system.
Mistyka uwięziona w etyce, czyli Alberta Schweitzera mistyka etycznego zjednoczenia z bytem
Authors: Jarosz Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Streszczenie jest niedostępne.
Z jakimi wartościami do Unii Europejskiej?
Authors: Michnowski Lesław
Published: December 2020

Streszczenie jest niedostępne.
Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant versus Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection for Treatment of Non-Proliferative Diabetic Macular Edema: A Prospective, Randomized and Blinded Trial
Authors: Mishra Sanjay Kumar , Sinha Shruti , Chauhan Ravi , Kumar Ashok
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

In the working age population, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is the
most common cause of visual loss.

Purpose:

The present study is aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of intravitreal injection of
Ranibizumab (IVR) versus intravitreal Dexamethasone implant (IVD) in patients with DME in a
tertiary care centre upto 4 months.

Methods:

This is a comparative, prospective, randomized study that was done on 140 patients with
macular edema confirmed on optical coherence tomography (OCT). IVD group received Ozurdex®
(Allergan, Inc, Ireland) while the IVR group received Lucentis® (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland); the
groups were followed up at day-1 and weeks 4, 8, 12, 16. Patients were divided into Group A, in
which patients were given 3 doses (monthly) of IVR 0.3 mg in 0.05 ml (n=70). Group B patients
were given a single dose of IVD implant 0.7 mg (n=70).

Results:

The mean number of injections given was 1 Ozurdex® per patient vs. 3 Lucentis® per patient.
The maximum reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) with IVD was 167.8 μm and
138.8μm in the 2nd and 3rd months, respectively, with IVR. The mean best-corrected visual acuity
(BCVA) in the 4th month was 0.34 logMAR and 0.33 logMAR, in IVD and IVR groups, respectively,
with consistent improvement. Patients with 0-5 letters, 6-10 letters and 10-15 letters, and >15
letters visibility in IVD group were 9.5, 20.6, 4.8, 6.4%, and 20.4, 18.8, 20.3 20.3% in IVR groups,
respectively. The maximum intraocular pressure (IOP) rise with IVD was found to be 16 mmHg in
2 patients (3.17%). IOP rise >10 mmHg was observed in 14/63 patients (22.22%); the majority of
patients indicated a high rise at 2nd month with all returning to baseline by 4th month. No reports of
infectious endophthalmitis or new cataracts were detected in either of the treated groups.

Conclusion:

Both intravitreal Ranibizumab injection and Dexamethasone implants were found to
be safe and effective in lowering CMT and improving BCVA at the 4-month follow up in patients
with DME. Since there was no recurrence of CMT in the Dexamethasone implant group, we
suggest that early administration before the 4th month may indicate superior efficacy over the
ranibizumab injection. Further randomized trials in a large sample size with a longer period follow-
up would be performed to justify the obtained results in the present study.
Skrining Fitokimia dan Penetapan Kandungan Total Fenolik Ekstrak Daun Tumbuhan Sapu-Sapu (Baeckea frutescens L.)
Authors: Septia Ningsih Dewi , Henri Henri , Roanisca Occa , Gus Mahardika Robby
Published: December 2020

Tumbuhan sapu-sapu (Baeckea frutescens L.) merupakan salah satu jenis keanekaragaman hayati yang tumbuh dan persebarannya cukup banyak di Indonesia. B. frutescens L diketahui memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder aktif yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat, antibakteri, dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada B. frutescens L. Metode yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi dilanjutkan dengan pengujian fitokimia kualitatif yang terdiri dari tujuh pengujian yakni uji fenol, tanin, flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, steroid dan terpenoid serta pengujian kuantitatif yakni pengujian total fenolik ekstrak B. frutescens L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa didapatkan persentase bobot rendemen ekstrak daun B. frutescens L. sebesar ekstrak n-heksan 5,39%, ekstrak etil asetat 14,54% dan ekstrak etanol yakni 19,81%. Hasil pengujian fitokimia kualitatif menujukkan senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung di dalam tumbuhan B. frutescens L. yakni pada ekstrak n-heksan hanya terdapat senyawa steroid dan pada ekstrak etil asetat terdapat senyawa fenolik, tanin, flavonoid, dan alkaloid. Selain itu, pada ekstrak etanol terdapat senyawa fenolik, tanin, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, dan alkaloid. Pengujian total fenolik ekstrak daun tumbuhan B. frutescens L. untuk pelarut etil asetat yakni 0,24% dan pelarut etanol yakni sebesar 0,14% dihitung terhadap senyawa fenol asam galat. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi untuk penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pemanfaatan kandungan metabolit sekunder B. frutescens L.
The Effects of Downloading a Government-Issued COVID-19 Contact Tracing App on Psychological Distress During the Pandemic Among Employed Adults: Prospective Study
Authors: Kawakami Norito , Sasaki Natsu , Kuroda Reiko , Tsuno Kanami , Imamura Kotaro
Published: December 2020

Background

Downloading a COVID-19 contact tracing app may be effective in reducing users’ worry about COVID-19 and psychological distress.

Objective

This 2.5-month prospective study aimed to investigate the association of downloading a COVID-19 contact tracing app, the COVID-19 Contact Confirming Application (COCOA), released by the Japanese government, with worry about COVID-19 and psychological distress in a sample of employed adults in Japan.

Methods

A total of 996 full-time employed respondents to an online survey conducted May 22-26, 2020 (baseline), were invited to participate in a follow-up survey August 7-12, 2020 (follow-up). A high level of worrying about COVID-19 and high psychological distress were defined by baseline and follow-up scores on a single-item scale and the Kessler 6 (K6) scale, respectively. The app was released between the two surveys, on June 17. Participants were asked at follow-up if they downloaded the app.

Results

A total of 902 (90.6%) of 996 baseline participants responded to the follow-up survey. Among them, 184 (20.4%) reported that they downloaded the app. Downloading of the contact tracing app was significantly negatively associated with psychological distress at follow-up after controlling for baseline variables, but not with worry about COVID-19.

Conclusions

This study provides the first evidence that using a government-issued COVID-19 contact tracing app may be beneficial for the mental health of employed adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Clinical Advice by Voice Assistants on Postpartum Depression: Cross-Sectional Investigation Using Apple Siri, Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Microsoft Cortana
Authors: Yang Samuel , Lee Jennifer , Sezgin Emre , Bridge Jeffrey , Lin Simon
Published: December 2020

Background

A voice assistant (VA) is inanimate audio-interfaced software augmented with artificial intelligence, capable of 2-way dialogue, and increasingly used to access health care advice. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common perinatal mood disorder with an annual estimated cost of $14.2 billion. Only a small percentage of PPD patients seek care due to lack of screening and insufficient knowledge of the disease, and this is, therefore, a prime candidate for a VA-based digital health intervention.

Objective

In order to understand the capability of VAs, our aim was to assess VA responses to PPD questions in terms of accuracy, verbal response, and clinically appropriate advice given.

Methods

This cross-sectional study examined four VAs (Apple Siri, Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, and Microsoft Cortana) installed on two mobile devices in early 2020. We posed 14 questions to each VA that were retrieved from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) patient-focused Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on PPD. We scored the VA responses according to accuracy of speech recognition, presence of a verbal response, and clinically appropriate advice in accordance with ACOG FAQ, which were assessed by two board-certified physicians.

Results

Accurate recognition of the query ranged from 79% to 100%. Verbal response ranged from 36% to 79%. If no verbal response was given, queries were treated like a web search between 33% and 89% of the time. Clinically appropriate advice given by VA ranged from 14% to 29%. We compared the category proportions using the Fisher exact test. No single VA statistically outperformed other VAs in the three performance categories. Additional observations showed that two VAs (Google Assistant and Microsoft Cortana) included advertisements in their responses.

Conclusions

While the best performing VA gave clinically appropriate advice to 29% of the PPD questions, all four VAs taken together achieved 64% clinically appropriate advice. All four VAs performed well in accurately recognizing a PPD query, but no VA achieved even a 30% threshold for providing clinically appropriate PPD information. Technology companies and clinical organizations should partner to improve guidance, screen patients for mental health disorders, and educate patients on potential treatment.
Preserved Inhibitory Control Deficits of Overweight Participants in a Gamified Stop-Signal Task: Experimental Study of Validity (Preprint)
Authors: Schroeder Philipp Alexander , Lohmann Johannes , Ninaus Manuel
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Gamification in mental health could increase training adherence, motivation, and transfer effects, but the external validity of gamified tasks is unclear. This study documents that gamified task variants can show preserved associations between markers of behavioral deficits and health-related variables. We draw on the inhibitory control deficit in overweight populations to investigate effects of gamification on performance measures in a web-based experimental task.

OBJECTIVE

This study tested whether associations between inhibitory control and overweight were preserved in a gamified stop-signal task (SST).

METHODS

Two versions of an adaptive SST were developed and tested in an online experiment. Participants (n=111) were randomized to 1 of the 2 task variants and completed a series of questionnaires along with either the gamified SST or a conventional SST. To maximize its possible effects on participants’ inhibitory control, the gamified SST included multiple game elements in addition to the task itself and the stimuli. Both variants drew on the identical core mechanics, but the gamified variant included an additional narrative, graphical theme, scoring system with visual and emotional feedback, and the presence of a companion character. In both tasks, food and neutral low-poly stimuli were classified based on their color tone (go trials), but responses were withheld in 25% of the trials (stop trials). Mean go reaction times and stop-signal reaction times (SSRT) were analyzed as measures of performance and inhibitory control.

RESULTS

Participants in the gamified SST had longer reaction times (803 [SD 179] ms vs 607 [SD 90] ms) and worse inhibitory control (SSRT 383 [SD 109] ms vs 297 [SD 45] ms). The association of BMI with inhibitory control was relatively small (r=.155, 95% CI .013-.290). Overweight participants had longer reaction times (752 [SD 217] ms vs 672 [SD 137] ms) and SSRTs (363 [SD 116] ms vs 326 [SD 77] ms). Gamification did not interact with the effect of overweight on mean performance or inhibitory control. There were no effects of gamification on mood and user experience, despite a negative effect on perceived efficiency.

CONCLUSIONS

The detrimental effects of heightened BMI on inhibitory control were preserved in a gamified version of the SST. Overall, the effects of overweight were smaller than in previously published web-based and laboratory studies. Gamification elements can impact behavioral performance, but gamified tasks can still assess inhibitory control deficits. Although our results are promising, according validations may differ for other types of behavior, gamification, and health variables.
Drivers of Acceptance of COVID-19 Proximity Tracing Apps in Switzerland: Panel Survey Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: von Wyl Viktor , Höglinger Marc , Sieber Chloé , Kaufmann Marco , Moser André , Serra-Burriel Miquel , Ballouz Tala , Menges Dominik , Frei Anja , Puhan Milo Alan
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Digital proximity tracing apps have been released to mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus known to cause COVID-19. However, it remains unclear how the acceptance and uptake of these apps can be improved.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the coverage of the SwissCovid app and the reasons for its nonuse in Switzerland during a period of increasing incidence of COVID-19 cases.

METHODS

We collected data between September 28 and October 8, 2020, via a nationwide online panel survey (COVID-19 Social Monitor, N=1511). We examined sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with app use by using multivariable logistic regression, whereas reasons for app nonuse were analyzed descriptively.

RESULTS

Overall, 46.5% (703/1511) of the survey participants reported they used the SwissCovid app, which was an increase from 43.9% (662/1508) reported in the previous study wave conducted in July 2020. A higher monthly household income (ie, income >CHF 10,000 or >US $11,000 vs income ≤CHF 6000 or <US $6600 [reference]: odds ratio [OR] 1.92, 95% CI 1.40-2.64), more frequent internet use (ie, daily [reference] vs less than weekly: OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.85), better adherence to recommendations for wearing masks (ie, always or most of the time [reference] vs rarely or never: OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15-0.52), and nonsmoker status (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01-1.71) were associated with an increased likelihood for app uptake. Citizenship status (ie, non-Swiss citizenship vs. Swiss [reference]: OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43-0.87), and language region (French vs Swiss German [reference]: OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46-0.80) were associated with a lower likelihood for app uptake. Further analysis in a randomly selected subsample (n=712) with more detailed information showed that higher levels of trust in government and health authorities were also associated with a higher likelihood for app uptake (ie, high vs low [reference] trust: OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.58-6.22). The most frequent reasons for app nonuse were lack of perceived benefit of using the app (297/808, 36.8%), followed by the lack of a compatible phone (184/808, 22.8%), and privacy concerns (181/808, 22.4%).

CONCLUSIONS

Eliminating technical hurdles and communicating the benefits of digital proximity tracing apps are crucial to promote further uptake and adherence of such apps and, ultimately, enhance their effectiveness to aid pandemic mitigation strategies.
An Automated Method To Enrich Consumer Health Vocabularies Using GloVe Word Embeddings and An Auxiliary Lexical Resource (Preprint)
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed , Gauch Susan , Salman Omar , Alqahatani Mohammed
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Clear language makes communication easier between any two parties. A layman may have difficulty communicating with a professional due to not understanding the specialized terms common to the domain. In healthcare, it is rare to find a layman knowledgeable in medical jargon which can lead to poor understanding of their condition and/or treatment. To bridge this gap, several professional vocabularies and ontologies have been created to map laymen medical terms to professional medical terms and vice versa.

OBJECTIVE

Many of the presented vocabularies are built manually or semi-automatically requiring large investments of time and human effort and consequently the slow growth of these vocabularies. In this paper, we present an automatic method to enrich laymen's vocabularies that has the benefit of being able to be applied to vocabularies in any domain.

METHODS

Our entirely automatic approach uses machine learning, specifically Global Vectors for Word Embeddings (GloVe), on a corpus collected from a social media healthcare platform to extend and enhance consumer health vocabularies (CHV). Our approach further improves the CHV by incorporating synonyms and hyponyms from the WordNet ontology. The basic GloVe and our novel algorithms incorporating WordNet were evaluated using two laymen datasets from the National Library of Medicine (NLM), Open-Access Consumer Health Vocabulary (OAC CHV) and MedlinePlus Healthcare Vocabulary.

RESULTS

The results show that GloVe was able to find new laymen terms with an F-score of 48.44%. Furthermore, our enhanced GloVe approach outperformed basic GloVe with an average F-score of 61%, a relative improvement of 25%.

CONCLUSIONS

This paper presents an automatic approach to enrich consumer health vocabularies using the GloVe word embeddings and an auxiliary lexical source, WordNet. Our approach was evaluated used a healthcare text downloaded from MedHelp.org, a healthcare social media platform using two standard laymen vocabularies, OAC CHV, and MedlinePlus. We used the WordNet ontology to expand the healthcare corpus by including synonyms, hyponyms, and hypernyms for each CHV layman term occurrence in the corpus. Given a seed term selected from a concept in the ontology, we measured our algorithms’ ability to automatically extract synonyms for those terms that appeared in the ground truth concept. We found that enhanced GloVe outperformed GloVe with a relative improvement of 25% in the F-score.
Impact of Mobile Health Devices for the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Biersteker Tom E , Schalij Martin J , Treskes Roderick W
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia, and its prevalence is increasing. Early diagnosis is important to reduce the risk of stroke. Mobile health (mHealth) devices, such as single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) devices, have been introduced to the worldwide consumer market over the past decade. Recent studies have assessed the usability of these devices for detection of AF, but it remains unclear if the use of mHealth devices leads to a higher AF detection rate.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of the research was to conduct a systematic review of the diagnostic detection rate of AF by mHealth devices compared with traditional outpatient follow-up. Study participants were aged 16 years or older and had an increased risk for an arrhythmia and an indication for ECG follow-up—for instance, after catheter ablation or presentation to the emergency department with palpitations or (near) syncope. The intervention was the use of an mHealth device, defined as a novel device for the diagnosis of rhythm disturbances, either a handheld electronic device or a patch-like device worn on the patient’s chest. Control was standard (traditional) outpatient care, defined as follow-up via general practitioner or regular outpatient clinic visits with a standard 12-lead ECG or Holter monitoring. The main outcome measures were the odds ratio (OR) of AF detection rates.

METHODS

Two reviewers screened the search results, extracted data, and performed a risk of bias assessment. A heterogeneity analysis was performed, forest plot made to summarize the results of the individual studies, and albatross plot made to allow the P values to be interpreted in the context of the study sample size.

RESULTS

A total of 3384 articles were identified after a database search, and 14 studies with a 4617 study participants were selected. All studies but one showed a higher AF detection rate in the mHealth group compared with the control group (OR 1.00-35.71), with all RCTs showing statistically significant increases of AF detection (OR 1.54-19.16). Statistical heterogeneity between studies was considerable, with a Q of 34.1 and an I2 of 61.9, and therefore it was decided to not pool the results into a meta-analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the results of 13 of 14 studies support the effectiveness of mHealth interventions compared with standard care, study results could not be pooled due to considerable clinical and statistical heterogeneity. However, smartphone-connectable ECG devices provide patients with the ability to document a rhythm disturbance more easily than with standard care, which may increase empowerment and engagement with regard to their illness. Clinicians must beware of overdiagnosis of AF, as it is not yet clear when an mHealth-detected episode of AF must be deemed significant.
PENILAIAN MAKRO ARSIP: DASAR HUKUM, METODE DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA
Authors: Agniya Ursa , Mayesti Nina
Published: December 2020

Penilaian arsip merupakan salah satu kegiatan utama dalam sistem pengelolaan arsip. Meski tidak dijelaskan secara langsung, penilaian arsip di Indonesia dilakukan dalam rangka melakukan kegiatan penyusutan arsip, maka dari itu dalam melakukan penilaian arsip haruslah berpedoman pada undang-undangan yang berlaku. Penilaian makro arsip merupakan penilaian yang bersifat top-down dimana arsiparis atau pengelola arsip tidak lagi menilai arsip sebagai sebuah akhir dari proses kegiatan organisasi atau bottom-up. Penilaian makro merupakan sebuah pendekatan untuk penilaian arsip dan membahas mengenai teknik penilaian dan penilaian makro pada tingkat teoritis yang tujuan utamanya bukan wacana teoritis tetapi lebih ke eksplorasi metodologi. Dalam implementasinya, arsiparis banyak yang menerapkan metodologi penilaian makro namun kebanyakan melakukan modifikasi dalam penerapan yang sebenarnya. Singkatnya, sebagian kecil arsiparis arsip publik telah secara sadar dan berhasil menerapkan pendekatan ini secara teoritis konsisten. Terlepas dari hasil untuk saat ini, karakter implementasi penilaian makro menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah teori penilaian makro dengan sendirinya merupakan dasar yang kuat untuk standardisasi.
Lagu-Lagu Yang Terlupakan
Authors: Darajat Irfan Rizky , Waluyo Waluyo
Published: December 2020

Musik merupakan produk budaya yang penting bagi masyarakat. Dari musik yang berkembang di masyarakat tercermin perkembangan kebudayaan dalam suatu bangsa pula. Presiden Sukarno bahkan pernah mengatur jenis musik seperti apa yang cocok atau tidak cocok dengan kepribadian bangsa. Untuk itu, pengelolaan arsip musik menjadi satu hal penting untuk diperhatikan, karena di dalamnya terkandung memori kolektif bangsa, sekaligus identitas dan karakter bangsa. Beberapa lembaga informasi milik negara mengelola arsip yang berhubungan dengan musik dalam kerangka pemaknaannya masing-masing. Tidak sedikit pula muncul organisasi-organisasi independen yang mengelola bahan pustaka dan arsip musik Indonesia secara mandiri. Lantas, bagaimana studi kearsipan memaknai arsip musik dan bagaimana pengelolaannya? Bagaimana pemaknaan dan pengelolaan arsip musik di Indonesia? Dan bagaimana lembaga informasi yang mengelola arsip musik (baik yang dikelola oleh negara maupun mandiri) ini kemudian saling terhubung atau justru saling terpisah? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan studi pustaka. Penelitian ini akan bertempat di Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, Perpustakaan Nasional, Lokananta, dan Irama Nusantara. Penelitian ini juga akan melacak beberapa komunitas mandiri dari masyarakat yang telah kerja-kerja pengarsipan musik Indonesia, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pijakan awal untuk dapat membayangkan adanya kerja pengarsipan musik Indonesia yang berkesinambungan
Prospective Cohort Study of Renin-Angiotensin System Blocker Usage after Hospitalized Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Brar Sandeep , Liu Kathleen D. , Go Alan S. , Hsu Raymond K. , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Coca Steven G. , Garg Amit X. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Ikizler T. Alp , Kaufman James , Kimmel Paul L. , Parikh Chirag R. , Siew Edward D. , Ware Lorraine B. , Zeng Hui , Hsu Chi-yuan ,   for the ASsessment, Serial Evaluation, and Subsequent Sequelae in Acute Kidney Injury (ASSESS-AKI) study investigators
Published: December 2020

Background and objectives

The risk-benefit ratio of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy after AKI may be altered due to concerns regarding recurrent AKI. We evaluated, in a prospective cohort, the association between use (versus nonuse) of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and the subsequent risk of AKI and other adverse outcomes after hospitalizations with and without AKI.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We studied 1538 patients recently discharged from the hospital who enrolled in the multicenter, prospective ASSESS-AKI study, with approximately half of patients experiencing AKI during the index hospitalization. All participants were seen at a baseline visit 3 months after their index hospitalization and were categorized at that time on whether they were using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers or not. We used multivariable Cox regression, adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, eGFR, urine protein-creatinine ratio, and use of other medications, to examine the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use and subsequent risks of AKI, death, kidney disease progression, and adjudicated heart-failure events.

Results

The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers was 50% (386/769) among those with AKI during the index hospitalization and 47% (362/769) among those without. Among those with AKI during the index hospitalization, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use was not associated with a higher risk of recurrent hospitalized AKI (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.13). Associations between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker use and death, kidney disease progression, and adjudicated heart-failure events appeared similar in study participants who did and did not experience AKI during the index hospitalization (all interaction P values >0.05).

Conclusions

The risk-benefit ratio of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy after hospital discharge appears to be similar regardless of whether AKI occurred during the hospitalization.
Remote Patient Healthcare surveillance system based real-time vital signs
Authors: Alsahi Qunoot N. , Marhoon Ali F. , Hamad Ali H.
Published: December 2020

Today many people suffering from health problems like dysfunction in lungs and cardiac. These problems often require surveillance and follow up to save a patient's health, besides control diseases before progression. For that, this work has been proposed to design and developed a remote patient surveillance system, which deals with 4 medical signs (temperature, SPO2, heart rate, and Electrocardiogram ECG. An adaptive filter has been used to remove any noise from the signal, also, a simple and fast search algorithm has been designed to find the features of  ECG signal such as Q,R,S, and T waves.  The system performs analysis for medical signs that are used to detected abnormal values. Besides, it sends data to the Base-Station with a data block (ECG signals) that contains the problem.  In addition, it generates an alarm to the physicians via ringing up mobile and SMS to overcome the internet disconnected. Also, the system has been designed to achieve precision, low cost, and low energy consumption. Three types of sensors has been used in this work, ECG, SPo2, and temperature sensors. Also, a sim800L GSM module has been used for communications,  the main controller in this work is ESP32 unit.
ASSESSMENT ON IMPACT OF COVID 19 PANDEMIC ON FEAR AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AMONG SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION
Authors: NYAYAKAR SREEJA , M. MUTHUKUMAR , MOOTHI LATHA SREE
Published: December 2020

Objective: To assess the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on fear and socioeconomic status among the south Indian population.

Methods: A prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 18-year old and older people who are willing to fill the online form were included in the study. People who are not willing to fill the form and those who filled the forms incompletely were excluded from the study. Microsoft Excel was used for recording and analyzing the data of recruited subjects. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to calculate the average and standard deviation.

Results: In total 476 respondents were included in the study to make the results. From the 476 respondents, 53.9% were males and 43.4% were females, 43.4% of individuals were satisfied with family life, 31.7% of individuals were satisfied with their salary, 37.3% of individuals were satisfied with their economic position, 55.2% of individuals were satisfied with their health and 50.4% of individuals were satisfied with their life in general.

Conclusion: Our study concludes that young students are showing more interest in online surveys among other general populations and data concludes that fear about the infection was less among the study population. More than half of the participants are concerned about their salary and most of the participants are not feared about their family life and their health.
Grupos raciais em portadores de tuberculose pulmonar de Salvador - Bahia
Authors: Nunes Elenaide , Aragão Ilia , Pereira Luciana , Tavares-Neto José
Published: December 2020

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Editorial
Authors: Machado Maria Auxiliadora Macedo de Lima
Published: December 2020

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O silêncio dos inocentes III: o cuidado aos psicopatas e degenerados no hospício São João de Deus
Authors: Jacobina Ronaldo R.
Published: December 2020

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Evolução da mortalidade por causas violentas em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: De Carvalho Rosely Cabral
Published: December 2020

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Associação do sistema de histocompatibilidade humano (HLA) com doenças endócrinas auto-imunes
Authors: Alves Crésio
Published: December 2020

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Estudo da utilização de serviços de saúde púnlica por maẽs e crianças no primeiro ano de vida - Centro de Saúde Escola de Botucatu - SP
Authors: Prearo Alice Yamashita
Published: December 2020

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Editorial
Authors: Rêgo Rita de Cássia Franco , Pena Paulo Gilvane Lopes
Published: December 2020

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Educação em saúde e a prática do aleitamento materno: um relato de experiência
Authors: Fonseca-Machado Mariana de Oliveira , Parreira Bibiane Dias Miranda , Goulart Bethania Ferreira , De Castro Ana Carolina Carneiro , Furlan Diógenes Amauri Gonçalves , Ferreira de Souza Erika Camargos , De Melo Nathalia Borges , Carneiro Garcia-Zapata Patrícia Gabriella Rocha , Nascimento Renata Pereira
Published: December 2020

Objetivou-se relatar as experiências de extensão universitária em atividades educativas, sobre aleitamento materno, com gestantes em acompanhamento pré-natal. As atividades grupais foram desenvolvidas no ambulatório de ginecologia e obstetrícia da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, de fevereiro a julho de 2011, com aproximadamente 350 gestantes e seus acompanhantes. Os 32 encontros pautaram-se na relação dialógica, valorizando experiências individuais e utilizando recursos e instrumentos pedagógicos. Alguns temas trabalhados foram: benefícios do aleitamento materno; mitos e tabus; intercorrências mamárias; técnica da amamentação; cuidados pessoais da lactante; uso de medicamentos durante a amamentação; retorno ao trabalho e direitos da mulher que amamenta; amamentação na primeira hora de vida; produção láctea; ordenha manual; características do leite materno; manejo do aleitamento materno em situações especiais. As atividades educativas voltadas ao aleitamento materno devem pautar-se na troca mútua, como uma tentativa de superar a transmissão vertical de conhecimentos.
EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE NOS MUNICÍPIOS: A FORMAÇÃO NA LÓGICA DE COMPETÊNCIA.
Authors: Chirelli Mara Quaglio
Published: December 2020

RESUMO: A educação permanente em saúde tem sido um grande desafio na transformação da realidade das práticas profissionais e da organização do trabalho. Relata-se a experiência da construção do desempenho dos integrantes do Núcleo de Educação Permanente de uma região de saúde do interior do estado de São Paulo. Essa construção, a partir do referencial da competência dialógica, por meio de ciclos pedagógicos, juntamente com a Metodologia da Problematização, proporcionou o movimento dialógico entre o mundo do trabalho e o processo de formação dos profissionais de saúde; contribuiu para a reflexão e transformação da prática; facilitou as discussões no campo de conhecimento dos participantes, resultando na construção coletiva dos desempenhos dos integrantes desse núcleo. Conclui-se que o processo agregou conhecimentos relevantes para o desempenho destes profissionais na implantação e na manutenção do processo de Educação Permanente nos serviços de saúde.
VÍNCULO E RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO COMO DISPOSITIVOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DO CUIDADO NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Coelho Leal Árias Amorim Anne Caroline , Araújo Assis Marluce Maria , Santos Adriano Maia
Published: December 2020

Estudo objetivou a análise do vínculo-responsabilização das equipes deSaúde da Família em um cenário do recôncavo baiano, Brasil, em 2009. Técnicasde coleta de dados: entrevista semiestruturada e observação sistemática. Sujeitosdo estudo: grupo I (18 trabalhadores de saúde), grupo II (9 usuários), grupo III(2 gestores). Os resultados revelaram que o primeiro contato do usuário com a unidadeé realizado na recepção, espaço privilegiado para utilização das tecnologias leves,manifestado de forma tensa e conflitante, porém com potencialidade para construirnovas formas de acolher o usuário. O processo terapêutico ocorre de distintasmaneiras: consulta clínica, atendimento de urgência, retornos programados, educaçãoem saúde, visitas domiciliares, reuniões de equipe e desta com a comunidadeou mediante encaminhamentos externos a outros serviços da rede. Contudo, asequipes imprimem diferentes formas de “atenção” na porta de entrada, ficando nadependência do comprometimento dos sujeitos e do desenvolvimento ou não dovínculo-responsabilização.
PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO E OCUPACIONAL DE TRABALHADORES COM LER/DORT: ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO
Authors: Negri Júlia Raquel , Cerveny Gislaine Cecília de Oliveira , Montebelo Maria Imaculada de Lima , Teodori Rosana Macher
Published: December 2020

Analisou-se o perfil sociodemográfico e ocupacional de trabalhadores comlesões por esforços repetitivos (LER) ou disfunções osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho(DORT) em Piracicaba, São Paulo, avaliando-se a associação desse perfil com a ocorrênciade dor, bem como a associação de risco para LER/DORT. Dados de 1.007 prontuáriosforam submetidos à análise descritiva (p<0,05). A LER/DORT predominou em mulheres, naidade produtiva, com baixo grau de instrução e baixos salários, com função de doméstica,cozinheira, serviços gerais, auxiliar de produção e costureira; a dor predominou no membrosuperior e estava associada à função, ao gênero feminino, ao baixo grau de instrução e aoestado civil; houve associação de risco entre organização e ergonomia no trabalho e dor nomembro superior. A compreensão das relações do trabalhador com o ambiente de trabalho ecom o trabalho pode favorecer medidas de vigilância e promoção de saúde.