bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of Bujold Studies
Authors: Lee Regina Yung , McCormack Una
Published: January 2021

This introductory essay provides the context for the present volume, establishing Lois McMaster Bujold as a multiple award-winning writer of science fiction and fantasy worthy of scholarly attention; providing an overview of extant scholarship; and identifying the twin aims of the book, to extend scholarship on Bujold’s fantasy novels, and to account for the wealth of cultural production inspired by Bujold’s corpus (e.g. fan fiction, fan discussion or meta, and the GURPS: Vorkosigan role-playing game in depth). The essay concludes by identifying gaps that might be fruitfully explored in ‘Bujold Studies’: perspectives from Indigenous science fiction studies on The Sharing Knife series; critical engagement with wider scholarship on race in sf; analysis of artworks inspired by Bujold’s writing, both ‘official’ cover art and fan art; and comparative analysis of her reception beyond Anglophone countries, particularly the immense fannish engagement from Eastern Europe.
The History of Scholarship on Lois McMaster Bujold’s Science Fiction and Fantasy
Authors: Reid Robin Anne
Published: January 2021

This chapter provides a comprehensive and chronological bibliographic survey of scholarship on Lois McMaster Bujold from 1995 onwards. The chapter is structured chronologically to show changes in the scholarship on Bujold’s work and, in addition, includes selected online articles to demonstrate that Bujold’s readers are engaged with the same issues as the academics: genre, gender politics, and feminisms. The chapter shows the broad areas of scholarly consensus that exist: primarily, the agreement that Bujold’s work subverts, reverses, or complicates the genre conventions of space opera, military sf, and medievalist fantasy. The primary area of disagreement is shown to be the question of feminism in her work. The chapter is explicitly feminist in that the scholar writing the essay is a feminist specializing in feminist and gender theories and speculative fiction who applies those intellectual frameworks in this essay. It therefore pays close attention to citation practices, and puts on record the extent to which the first work on Bujold’s science fiction and fantasy was done by women scholars working in disability, feminist, and gender studies as well as the extent to which their work makes up the majority of the current scholarship.
Murderous Cars, Space Bikes, and Alien Bicycles in the Golden Age
Authors: Withers Jeremy
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on several works from the ‘Golden Age’ of the 1950s in which bicycles prominently appear. After first examining cars and walking in some works by Ray Bradbury, the discussion turns to a novel by Robert A. Heinlein, a novelette by Poul Anderson, and a short story by Avram Davidson. This chapter argues that these three texts favor portrayals of ‘low-tech’ bicycles as pragmatic, reliable machines worthy of continued use and appreciation, and of bicycles as potent pieces of technology capable of inspiring awe.
Star Trek Discovers Women
Authors: Chambers Amy C.
Published: January 2021

Women scientists are often seen as anomalous exceptions in the fictional (and indeed real) world of white, male dominated scientific research. Even in the supposedly race and gender blind future of Star Trek, a black woman science specialist is considered revolutionary. Science and technology are a backdrop for the Star Trek universe. The theory and practice that gives the narrative a spectacular speculative frame is often perceived as neutral (or at least benevolent) as Starfleet explores the universe. Star Trek idealises science and the scientist, and throughout much of its history the science future it imagines has been distinctly white and male. This chapter argues that Star Trek has historically given women the space to be scientists, but Discovery goes further than previous entries into the canon by taking a black woman scientist from the margin to the centre of the story and offering a future when neither race nor gender present a barrier.
Veins and Muscles of the Universe
Authors: Meinecke Lisa
Published: January 2021

This chapter aims to analyse narratives of non-human and human agency and their embeddedness in the interconnectivity of the mycelial network in Star Trek: Discovery. It argues that the mycelium can be considered rhizomatic in structure, leaning on Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's explorations in their A Thousand Plateaus (2004). Neither Lt. Stamets nor the Tardigrade are able to connect Discovery to the network in innocence. Both trouble the mycelium’s fragile balance. Thus, the framework of the rhizome will be applied to trace transhumanist trauma and resilience in order to contextualise the mycelial network against the foil of the Borg, the other major instance of interconnectedness in the Star Trek universe.
‘The Redundancy of Copious Nothings’
Authors: Tegan Mary Beth
Published: January 2021

Eighteenth-century critics commonly used birth topoi to ridicule writing they believed to be uninspired or imitative, but their attacks on the bad form and excesses of women’s novels were particularly pointed. Novels were not so much authored as begotten—through suspect feminized spaces like the circulating library and the automatic reproduction of formulaic fiction. Such judgments were felt keenly by women writers, as evidenced by Frances Burney’s anxiety about the fate of her second offspring, Cecilia, and her prefatory allegory of authorial corruption at the Temple of Vanity. Vanity, it was suggested, was not only the motivating force behind women novelists’ endeavors, it might also be fostered through the reading of sentimental fiction. This essay explores the transmission of affect between women readers and writers, reframing the creative and destabilizing powers of vanity to argue that copious nothings divert readers and writers’ attention from domestic cares, disrupting the projections of masculine prerogative.
Dancing with Ghosts in ‘Isabella; or, The Pot of Basil’
Authors: Hofkosh Sonia
Published: January 2021

This essay reads the intimacy between persons and things dramatized in Keats’s poem as a haunting that at once enacts and acts against normative states of being or orders of experience. Drawing on Hazlitt’s invocation of the past as “alive and stirring with objects” in conjunction with the political resonance of the ghost dance Gayatri Spivak summons in her response to Derrida’s Spectres of Marx, this reading aims to depathologize Isabella’s intense attachment to the pot of basil by reflecting on the potential for resistance or transformation within the practices of everyday life, including within the repetitions and returns that constitute our own everyday practices as readers of Keats’s poem.
Werewolf Wollstonecraft
Authors: Washington Chris
Published: January 2021

The judicial bestiary at the heart of eighteenth-century politics has long been evident in Enlightenment social contract debates, as Michel Foucault’s and Giorgio Agamben’s theories of biopolitics show. In this essay, I argue that Wollstonecraft is nonetheless the first thinker of ‘true’ werewolf out-lawry in her final novel, Maria, Or the Wrongs of Woman and in her letters to Godwin. In the novel, Wollstonecraft leverages what we now call new materialism as a feminist critique of heteropatriarchal society. Wollstonecraft’s new materialist thinking also scrambles gender across even human and nonhuman distinctions. To counter microcosmic familial and macrocosmic state heteropatriarchy, Wollstonecraft theorizes what I am calling, following the example of wolves and werewolves, not a family but a ‘pack’. The pack manifests as new spacetimes through what Karen Barad terms “quantum entanglements” that produce love between subjects and subjects but that never strives to reproduce binaristic pairings that reproduce the sovereign family. A pack, as Wollstonecraft’s texts demonstrate, emerges from processes of co-creation that iterate new subjects and objects without dynamic power structures structured around stable gender identities or human and nonhuman power relations.
Radical Self-education and First Authorship
Authors: Hunnekuhl Philipp
Published: January 2021

Chapter one argues that, between 1790–95, the teenage Robinson was the epitome of the British ‘juvenile enlightenment’ (Kathryn Gleadle). Barred from the English universities because of his Dissenting allegiance – orthodox Presbyterian turning liberal Unitarian – he became, with the help of Colchester Dissenters and their libraries, a self-taught polymath. In early 1795, he published his first article, entitled ‘On the Essential and Accidental Characteristics of Informers’, in the radical Norwich journal The Cabinet. In an original move based on David Hume’s logic and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s approach to the law, Robinson here urges his readers to divert to the law the hatred with which informers (people passing information on to the authorities) are commonly met. This chapter analyses in detail Robinson’s unpublished manuscript diaries and earliest surviving correspondence, and explores the ingenious ways in which he engaged with the on-going ‘Revolution Controversy’ (Marilyn Butler).
Literary afterlives and Casement’s queer ghost
Authors: Garden Alison
Published: January 2021

The introduction establishes the historical, cultural and theoretical contexts and frameworks that guide the monograph. While the aim of this study is to engage with and entertain the illuminating possibilities of Casement’s notoriously amorphous legacy, rather than attempt to assert any definitive biographical narrative, tracing the contours of Casement’s extraordinary life is necessary if we are to fully appreciate the complex contradictions that shaped Casement’s existence. To this end, a concise but thorough overview of Casement’s life is offered in the first part of the introduction in order to lay important foundations for the project’s literary discussion and analysis.
Queer nationalism and colonial Ireland
Authors: Garden Alison
Published: January 2021

This chapter turns to James Joyce’s Ulysses (1922) and Jamie O’Neill’s At Swim, Two Boys (2001) to examine their (meta)modernist engagements with Casement and Ireland’s queer (post)colonial politics. Casement is mentioned by name in both texts and is a figure that can be read, in many ways, as embodying Ireland’s own peculiar relationship to empire and anti-colonial nationalism. Both novels depict Irish nationalism as a curiously queer phenomenon and rereading Ulysses through Jamie O’Neill’s novel reveals a latent homoerotic energy in the Irish revolutionary generation and Irish nationalism more broadly.
Wanted? Coming to the Canadas, 1798–1830
Authors: McGaughey Jane G.V.
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores themes of war, migration, gender, and sectarian conflict between 1798 and 1830. It questions how the 1798 Irish Rising factored into some emigrants’ motivations for coming to Canada in the decades that followed. The Rising also affected how these new arrivals were associated with presumptions of Irish aggression and disloyalty. Many United Empire Loyalists in Upper Canada expressed particular concerns about the violent tendencies of new Irish immigrants and the importation of Irish sectarian conflict to British North America. The chapter then examines the influence of James and Alexander Buchanan, brothers from the north of Ireland in the colonial establishment who decided which Irish immigrants would be most welcome in the Canadas. The chapter closes with the case studies of the Richards and Tackaberry families on their journeys from Co. Wexford to Upper Canada after the War of 1812.
The Irish Hero
Authors: McGaughey Jane G.V.
Published: January 2021

This chapter is a case study of James FitzGibbon, the “Irish Everyman” of Upper Canada. He was one of the best-known Irishmen in the Canadas in the first half of the nineteenth century, with a sterling public reputation for heroism, physical courage, and gentlemanly conduct during his lifetime. A protégé of General Sir Isaac Brock and a noted officer during the War of 1812, FitzGibbon later was a famous mediator between Irish Catholic immigrants and the colonial establishment and a ‘one-man riot squad’ when threats of Irish violence turned into actual altercations. After the 1840s, however, he became a mostly forgotten figure, in part perhaps because his representations of Irish manliness and heroism were so thoroughly traditional. This chapter is the first to explore his importance to his fellow Irishmen in the Canadas and to the colonial establishment through ethnic and gendered paradigms.
Shiners on the River
Authors: McGaughey Jane G.V.
Published: January 2021

This chapter investigates the activities of the Shiners, a notorious band of Irish Catholic lumberjacks in the Ottawa Valley who haunted the public imagination as the very worst representation of Irish male violence in the Canadas. Their criminal activities included rape, arson, assault, battery, and murder. They were led by Peter Aylen, an Irishman who had risen to the heights of economic and social power in the timber business. Aylen wanted to destroy his French Canadian and Orange rivals, and used his teams of lumbermen to achieve these aims on either side of the Ottawa River. The chapter recounts many of the Shiners’ worst crimes within a framework of gendered violence and uses contemporary comparisons with the Irish in Australia and the United States in order to place the Shiners’ infamy within a broader transnational context.
Halloween: How It Came into the World
Authors: Leeder Murray , Leeder Murray
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses how Halloween (1978) was developed and created. John Carpenter's name appears above the title on Halloween, but the project existed before he came on board. Independent film producer Irwin Yablans rightly claims the mantle of ‘The Man Who Created Halloween’, the title of his 2012 autobiography. The project reached Carpenter with the tentative title The Babysitter Murders before it became Halloween shortly thereafter; but Carpenter is still quick to credit Yablans for conceiving the title and the concept. Yablans' marketing and distribution ingenuity played a large role in securing Halloween's success but it went far beyond anyone's expectations, reportedly making back its original budget sixty-fold in its initial release alone. It seems apparent that Halloween was uniquely positioned to benefit from overlapping currents in the New Hollywood, the American independent cinema, ‘youth cinema’, and the horror film. Halloween was also well positioned to benefit from a new wave of academic interest in the horror film.
A Very Sinister Doctor and a Cosmic Monster
Authors: Leeder Murray , Leeder Murray
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on the character of Dr. Sam Loomis, Michael Myers's psychiatrist. Loomis's only accomplishments in the film Halloween (1978) are entirely outside of his training as a psychiatrist, and may even run counter to it. Terms like ‘psychopath’, ‘schizophrenic’, and ‘neurotic’ appear nowhere in Halloween, and even ‘catatonic’ appears only in the extended television cut. All of Loomis's therapeutic methods have not allowed him to understand, let alone help, Michael, and the psychiatric establishment around him has done little to recognise and prepare for the threat that he rightly feels Michael represents. Loomis provides a link to another tradition of horror fiction, in which doctors and scientists investigate and confront monsters and supernatural phenomena. His character is also reminiscent of the tormented scholars who prove to be some of the more capable protagonists in H.P. Lovecraft's short stories. Though John Carpenter's work is probably more dependent on a ‘homocentric’ worldview than Lovecraft, Lovecraft's mode of cosmic indifferentism provides a framework for addressing the old question of what motivates Michael, while reconsidering the film within the generic framework of cosmic horror.
Broder Singers
Authors: Seigel Amanda (Miryem-Khaye)
Published: January 2021

This chapter focuses on Yiddish popular songs that developed strongly in the second half of the nineteenth century. It clarifies that many of the Yiddish songs were produced by the popular itinerant bards known as Broder singers, who took their name from the city of Brody, a frontier town in nineteenth-century Galicia. It also explains the “Broder singer” as a generic term for performers who provided musical entertainment with short skits and limited use of costumes, make-up, and staging. The chapter describes the nature of the Broder singer's performances. It also recounts how the Broder singers disappeared by the 1930s but left behind a corpus of recordings that has been revived in recent years.
‘Jewish Musicians are the Crowning Achievements of Foreign Nations’
Authors: Riegel Julia
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the treatment of the Jewish identity of various composers by the Yiddish folklorist and music critic, Menachem Kipnis. It describes Kipnis as a small, energetic man with a soft but beautiful singing voice and considered one of the most popular Jewish folklorists of interwar Poland. It also looks into Kipnis' book World-Famous Jewish Musicians, a collection of biographies of nineteenth-century composers with a Jewish background. The chapter examines the contradictions and idiosyncrasies of World-Famous Jewish Musicians compared with Kipnis's other works. It seeks to understand the balance Kipnis struck between praise for Jewish composers and quasi-nationalist emphasis on their Jewishness on the one hand, and his work as a folklorist in Poland, collecting songs from traditional, Yiddish-speaking Jews on the other.
Jewish Music Organizations in Interwar Galicia
Authors: Jakubczyk-ŚlĘczka Sylwia
Published: January 2021

This chapter provides a comprehensive account of Jewish musical organizations in interwar Galicia. It investigates the various types of Jewish musical organizations and how they implemented their cultural policies. It also shows the wealth and variety of the musical life of the Jewish communities from the four south-eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic: Lwów, Kraków, Stanisławów, and Tarnopol. The chapter looks into the goal of the Jewish Music Society in Lwów in order to unite the local Jewish musical community and represent the Jewish community in the city's musical life. It analyzes different musical interests and visions of society's cultural role that explain the different activities of symphony orchestra, choir, mandolin orchestra, and chamber orchestra.
Bava Goes Fashion
Authors: Curti Roberto , Curti Roberto
Published: January 2021

This chapter recounts Mario Bava's seventh official solo feature film as a director, a present-day thriller set in the world of high fashion titled The Atelier of Death (L'atelier della morte). It also mentions Bava's two other Gothic horror movies released in Italy in the summer of 1963 that were destined primarily for foreign markets, especially in America. It discusses I tre volti della paura starring Boris Karloff and Mark Damon, and La frusta e il corpo with Christopher Lee and Daliah Lavi. The chapter describes Bava's debut film La maschera del demonio in 1960, which distributed overseas by American International Pictures under the title Black Sunday. It points out how the Italian film industry had increasingly been involved in bilateral and multinational co-productions since the first agreement signed with France in 1949.
On Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts
Authors: Curti Roberto , Curti Roberto
Published: January 2021

This chapter analyzes the baroque complexity of the murder scenes in Blood and Black Lace (6 donne per l'assassino). It explains how the film was modelled after Alfred Hitchcock, who had always given great importance to elaborate murder sequences in his works. It also mentions the film Caccia all'uomo that was directed by Mario Bava's friend, Riccardo Freda, which was a stunning anticipation of what would be found in the forthcoming gialli. The chapter talks about Bava's Blood and Black Lace that reprised the emphasis on the crescendo which precedes death and multiplied it while amplifying the atrocity of the killing itself. It describes the murder sequence of the film that was characterised by a well-defined environment and has its own specificity regarding the characteristics of the victim, such as the ways of her dispatching and the murder weapon.
From the Page to the Screen
Authors: Curti Roberto , Curti Roberto
Published: January 2021

This chapter concentrates on the 10-page synopsis of “Soggetto cinematografico” and the 156-page script for the film The Atelier of Death (L'atelier della morte), which were both credited to Marcello Fondato and Giuseppe Barillà. It points out that the synopsis was printed on October 1, 1963, while the script is not dated and it's uncertain if it is indeed the definitive draft. It also explains how the screenplay is preceded by a list of the main characters with their physical and behavioural traits itemized, which nonetheless will not be developed or even ignored in the film. The chapter illustrates how Mario Bava simply followed the indications in the script for the film Blood and Black Lace (6 donne per l'assassino) without adding anything to the characters. It stresses that the idea of the comparison with mannequins, a leitmotiv that was maintained through the entire Blood and Black Lace, was absent in the script.
How to Read The Cantos—Rapallo
Authors: Bacigalupo Massimo
Published: January 2021

Rapallo, near Genoa, is the town where Pound spent most of his life, 1924-1972. Its bay and the surrounding hills and hamlets are constantly presented in The Cantos, often allusively. By looking at this major setting of the poem we find clarity in passages which appear obscure and discover in Pound a major landscape poet, especially fond of the local farmers with their immemorial customs and rituals.
Poet as Anthropologist—“European Paideuma”
Authors: Bacigalupo Massimo
Published: January 2021

In 1939 Pound was planning a finale for The Cantos that would present religious elements. In the process he wrote a paper, “European Paideuma,” which remained unpublished because of the war. This article is reprinted here and mined for the rich information it offers about notions and particular rituals alluded to in The Cantos.
“I wish he would explain his explanation”
Authors: Bacigalupo Massimo
Published: January 2021

Pound occasionally provided explications of his Cantos and of his general view of them, rationalizing what was more like an intuitive process. This chapter surveys his general statements on the poem and explications of single passages. His comments are compared with Wallace Stevens’s extensive explications to his correspondents, revealing the different approaches to explication of the two poets. Both finally believed that explanations were superfluous. For Stevens it was the reader’s response that counted, whatever the intention of the poet, while Pound believed he was writing for insiders who had taken the trouble to follow his instructions and reading lists and shared his attitudes.
European Peace in Pieces?
Authors: Davison Claire
Published: January 2021

The “Scrapbook Series” was a popular, long-running BBC broadcast launched in the late 1920s; conceived as a ‘microphone medley’ or ‘sonic pageant’, it revisited the acoustic highlights since the advent of recording technology. This remarkable audio documentary provides the starting-point for this Chapter, which explores essential links between cooperative broadcasting policies, Woolf’s heightened acoustic sensibility in the 1930s, and the era’s awareness of itself as being, for the first time in history, dimensioned by reiterable sound. Retracing the evolution of the European Broadcasting Union via sound archives, wave-length legislation, and primetime BBC programmes, the chapter charts the richest, most overlooked experiments in cultural diplomacy on air, designing a safer, more harmonious Europe which linked common listeners at home via the boldly trans-European resonance of music.
Goldie’s “War and Peace”
Authors: Froula Christine
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the influences of Futurist aesthetics and music, Aristophanes's comedy “Peace,” and Beethoven's “Ode to Joy” in Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson's unpublished 1914 play “War and Peace,” the prologue of which was performed at the Omega Club using Winifred Gill's puppets in spring 1917 as a benefit for Belgian refugees.
Virginia Woolf, Carnal Hermeneutics, and Democratic Reading
Authors: Mildenberg Ariane
Published: January 2021

“The Particle and the Wave” (2015), an audio/video/text performance by artist Himali Singh Soin and musician David, traces the distances between 1,265 semicolons in Woolf’s The Waves and creates sound waves as Soin performs over a video scroll-through of Woolf’s novel with improvised marginalia. The semicolons in The Waves are integral to the composition of this novel’s music, capturing the rhythm of life, thought, relations and expression. Spurred on by Soin and Tappeser’s performance and drawing upon the related fields of carnal hermeneutics, postcritique, and phenomenology, this chapter argues that the semicolons in Woolf’s The Waves have a pacifist quality that transgresses and subverts disembodied and hierarchical reading practices, articulating a space beyond dichotomies and welcoming a form of “democratic reading” that brings to light the anti-imperialist and pacifist form of Woolf’s novel.
“Very Slowly into My Own Tongue”
Authors: Palmer Andrew
Published: January 2021

This chapter considers how the modernist form of Woolf’s work brought about a reimagining of the politician. In Three Guineas, Woolf identifies politics as ‘the profession that is most closely connected with war’. However, while her critique of patriarchy takes aim at generals, judges, dons and archbishops, its comments about politicians are more conflicted. In an essay framed as a response to the question “How in your opinion are we to prevent war?”, the very group whose failings most directly cause war is never directly attacked. This elision echoes her mixed feelings about her husband Leonard’s parliamentary candidacy, and expresses her recognition that Parliament, though ‘ridiculous’, may also be an instrument of change – a possibility that distinguishes it from the other institutions of patriarchy.
“Cry with the Pack and Kill What We Fear”
Authors: Wright E. H.
Published: January 2021

After the Great War, women playwrights began to write drama addressing the consequences of war for women, the home front and for humanity as a whole and positing strategies for ways in which future wars might be prevented. This essay explores the work of these women playwrights and makes comparisons between their dramas and Woolf’s thinking about war in her novels and Three Guineas. Woolf and playwrights such as Vernon Lee, Cicely Hamilton, Muriel Box, Olive Popplewell and Elizabeth Rye ask us to examine nationalism as a catalyst for conflict and to take up the position of ‘outsiders’ in order to question our place in supporting future wars. In light of this, the essay will also address form, particularly pageantry as a mode that all these authors use to undermine the central purpose of pageantry which is to create the group cohesion that these writers believe leads to conflict.
Des bacheliers professionnels en STAPS sans illusions, mais « motivés »
Authors: Danner Magali , Érard Carine , Guégnard Christine
Published: January 2021

Des bacheliers professionnels déjouent les statistiques en s’orientant vers l’université. Cet article souligne le poids des engagements sportifs sur des parcours vers l’enseignement supérieur, les (dés)orientant vers des études en sciences et techniques des activités physiques et sportives (STAPS). Loin d’être dans l’illusion notamment d’une possible conversion de compétences sportives en réussite académique, ces bacheliers atypiques évoquent très largement leur orientation risquée et/ou osée. Ces jeunes, qui tentent d’échapper au destin social associé à leur baccalauréat, sont toutefois animés par une autre croyance tenace, celle de l’importance de la « motivation ».
Langage non sexiste et antiféminisme en Allemagne
Authors: Hergenhan Jutta , Ecochard Adèle , Durand Mathilde
Published: January 2021

Depuis le début de l’année 2018, le langage non sexiste constitue l’une des principales polémiques qui ébranlent l’opinion publique en Allemagne. Outre les arguments linguistiques, cette polémique comporte de nombreuses références aux discours antiféministes et « antigenre ». Il semblerait donc que les débats sur le langage non sexiste soient bien plus étroitement liés qu’il n’y paraît aux débats actuels sur les politiques d’égalité des sexes. Notre analyse d’une sélection des principales prises de position contre le langage non sexiste, publiées principalement dans la presse écrite libérale et conservatrice, souligne la nécessité d’approfondir davantage les liens entre ces discours et l’antiféminisme actuel.
Le genre de la nation et le x de la question
Authors: Paz Diego , Pelúcio Larissa , Borba Rodrigo
Published: January 2021

Cet article vise à analyser le contexte de guérilla linguistique autour du genre dans le Brésil contemporain. Deux phénomènes nous intéressent : d’une part, l’utilisation du titre de presidenta par Dilma Rousseff, une stratégie de féminisation d’un terme et d’une position politique historiquement masculine ; puis l’utilisation de la lettre x comme terminaison de genre neutre, une stratégie de rupture du système linguistique hétérocispatriarcal et binaire du portugais qui est devenu visible dans l’espace public ces dernières années. Ces phénomènes nous permettent d’entrevoir que « le x de la question », dans le cas du Brésil, n’est que l’expression d’une panique morale vis-à-vis de la puissance politique du concept de genre.
« Être d’ici et de là-bas ». La circulation transnationale et transgénérationnelle de la famille Vázquez
Authors: Mulet Pascual Margalida
Published: January 2021

Cet article décrit la vie matérielle et l’économie solidaire d’une famille constituée de trois foyers répartis entre La Havane, l’est de l’île et Miami. Les déplacements des uns et des autres à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de Cuba offrent des variations expérimentales pour décrire notamment quelle part des cultures et des visions du monde migre ou se reconstruit avec les changements de milieu et les franchissements de frontières.
Être préparé à rencontrer l’imprévu
Authors: Houdayer-Robert Françoise , Rossi Massimiliano , Gargiulo Marcela
Published: January 2021

Le xxi e  siècle signe l’entrée dans l’ère de la médecine génomique qui véhicule la promesse d’une médecine personnalisée susceptible de transformer le paradigme médical et d’offrir à l’avenir des soins sur mesure, à la fois en termes de diagnostic, de pronostic et de traitement. Aujourd’hui, le séquençage de l’intégralité de l’ adn d’un individu ne posant plus de problèmes techniques ni économiques, sa finalité devient un sujet sociétal engageant une réflexion éthique citoyenne. Nous souhaitons ici discuter de l’émergence de nouvelles pratiques en génétique qui concernent les données dites secondaires issues des analyses génomiques ou exomiques. L’accès à ces données pourrait à l’avenir être proposé, par exemple, à une famille dont l’enfant présente des troubles du neurodéveloppement. Ces données seraient susceptibles de révéler au sein de la famille l’existence de facteurs de prédisposition à des maladies cardiaques ou oncologiques, pour lesquelles des mesures préventives ou curatives pourraient éventuellement être proposées. Ces pratiques sont d’actualité aux États-Unis, mais font encore débat en Europe. Nous souhaitons interroger ici comment les résultats des données secondaires peuvent être subjectivés par le consultant et sa famille, et s’ils offrent véritablement au patient et à ses apparentés les conditions nécessaires pour un avenir plus ouvert ou à l’inverse davantage subi. Cela nous amènera à distinguer la notion de destin non modifiable de celle de destinée qui, à l’inverse, est toujours à créer dans une temporalité ouverte à l’irréductible contingence de l’avenir.
Le défi du pluralisme ethnoculturel pour l’éthique de la santé publique
Authors: Massé Raymond
Published: January 2021

L’éthique de la santé publique a connu un développement marqué au cours des dernières décennies tant au niveau de ses fondements théoriques que du spectre des enjeux sanitaires auxquelles elle s’adresse. Toutefois, une problématique transversale à ces problématiques sanitaires et à ces enjeux éthiques n’a fait l’objet que de très peu d’analyses : l’ajustement des politiques de santé publique au pluralisme ethnoculturel. En dépit de la diversification ethnique croissante et irréversible dans les sociétés pluralistes contemporaines, et malgré la montée des communautarismes et des fondamentalismes religieux, un malaise profond semble poindre, au regard des réticences à aborder franchement ces problématiques. Les enjeux soulevés par ce pluralisme des croyances et des pratiques dans les champs de la prévention et de la promotion de la santé sont généralement masqués par des analyses en termes d’inégalités sociales et économiques et de précarité. Au mieux, on reconnaîtra des difficultés à ajuster ces politiques à la réalité des « immigrants », considérés comme un groupe homogène et en opposition à un « nous » tout aussi mal défini. S’impose alors une réflexion sur les défis, les conditions et les limites de l’élaboration d’une éthique de la santé publique qui serait sensible à la pluralité ethnoculturelle.
Who draws the line? La mission impossible du juge laïque, un regard de politiste
Authors: Proeschel Claude
Published: January 2021

Les demandes d’exemptions au nom de la liberté religieuse connaissent depuis une vingtaine d’années, particulièrement aux États-Unis, un renouvellement dans leur nature et leur étendue. Exprimant le plus souvent le refus d’être complice d’un acte moralement contestable selon ses convictions, mais commis potentiellement par un autre, elles rompent avec la pratique traditionnelle de l’objection fondée sur le refus d’une action directe. Le juge, à qui il revient ici de se prononcer sur la conciliation du commun et du particulier, a, dans cette mission, un double rapport à la laïcité. Il lui appartient d’opérationnaliser celle-ci, en en appliquant, dans son interprétation, les principes au cas présent, autrement dit de participer de la fabrique de la laïcité, en en précisant les significations et implications. Mais il lui revient aussi de pratiquer les principes de la laïcité dans son opération d’interprétation. Les nouvelles formes d’objection le confrontent plus particulièrement à la question des limites de compétence, tout comme celle de sa légitimité à les dire. Il s’agit bien ici de dessiner la frontière entre ce qui est religieux et ce qui ne l’est pas, entre ce qui donne lieu à protection au nom de la liberté religieuse et ce qui ne la donne pas, de dire ce qui est soustrait à l’ingérence du juge, domaine des convictions dont il s’assurera uniquement de la sincérité. Nous tenterons dans cet article, à travers l’analyse d’arrêts récents rendus par les Cours américaines, Cour Suprêmes ou Cours d’appel de circuit, décisions consacrées à ces formes extensives de la demande d’objection, de soulever quelques-uns des principaux défis posés au juge en la matière. La place accordée par le juge américain à la subjectivité personnelle, l’importance de la référence au souci de neutralité et/ou aux exigences du pluralisme dans les justifications employées, en font un terrain d’observation privilégié.
Génie, héros ou saint : remarques sur la « grandeur » selon Péguy
Authors: de Vitry Alexandre
Published: January 2021

Nous examinons successivement différentes formes de la « grandeur » chez Péguy, en prêtant d’abord attention aux contradictions de l’idée de « génie », entre individualisme et inscription collective, puis en mettant l’accent sur la continuité de l’héroïsme et de la sainteté, tous deux orientés vers la cité et le « temporel ». Nous présentons ensuite quelques aspects de la christologie de Péguy, qui permettent de comprendre la façon paradoxale dont se fonde la sainteté, et concluons par la figure du « chroniqueur », pièce modeste mais nécessaire pour que toute « grandeur » puisse se communiquer, et peut-être le moyen pour Péguy de résoudre les apories qu’il rencontrait dans la figure du « génie ».
Sampled-data integral control of multivariable linear infinite-dimensional systems with input nonlinearities
Authors: Gilmore Max E. , Guiver Chris , Logemann Hartmut
Published: January 2021

A low-gain integral controller with anti-windup component is presented for exponentially stable, linear, discrete-time, infinite-dimensional control systems subject to input nonlinearities and external disturbances. We derive a disturbance-to-state stability result which, in particular, guarantees that the tracking error converges to zero in the absence of disturbances. The discrete-time result is then used in the context of sampled-data low-gain integral control of stable well-posed linear infinite-dimensional systems with input nonlinearities. The sampled-date control scheme is applied to two examples (including sampled-data control of a heat equation on a square) which are discussed in some detail.
University-Wide Online Learning During COVID-19: From Policy to Practice
Authors: Tuaycharoen Nuengwong
Published: January 2021

During Thailand’s COVID-19 lockdown, all university in the country must continue their classes in the Summer Semester with on-line format. This article described our university’s policy and practice to support university-wide on-line learning. Our support system included a Learning Management System, a teaching guideline for our instructors, an on-line training course for instructors, a quality control process, and a teaching assessment to obtain feedbacks from students. Due to the rushing nature of the situation, many instructors could not finish all teaching preparation before the semester started. However, the results showed that the students satisfied with their on-line classes with the average score of 4.54 from 5-point Likert Scale.
Les SCOP d’architecture : un modèle de coopération ?
Authors: Delaunay Fanny , Gourvennec Estelle
Published: January 2021

Dans le champ de la fabrique urbaine, la récurrence de l’emploi des termes « collaboration », « coopération » ou encore « participation » atteste d’une nouvelle injonction de modèles en « co ». Renvoyant à l’idée de faire en commun, leur déclinaison concrète reste floue. Cet article propose d’apporter un point d’éclairage sur un segment d’agences d’architecture ayant fait le choix d’exercer sous le modèle coopératif. L’analyse des idéaux propres à la structuration en SCOP et les scènes qui expriment leur spécificité révélera ce qu’engage la « collaboration » dans vie d’une agence.
Entre Avignon et Paris : la double agence Franque au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Gaillard Béatrice
Published: January 2021

L’objet de cette étude est de présenter les lieux, le fonctionnement et la stratégie des agences Franque à Avignon et à Paris. Alors que les fonds de ces cabinets ont été dispersés et perdus, l’analyse s’appuie sur la lecture de sources privées, notamment une correspondance et un journal qui nous font entrer dans l’intimité et le quotidien de ces architectes. Ces documents nous permettent également de comprendre comment ils ont su s’entourer pour répondre aux nombreuses commandes qu’ils recevaient. Leurs collaborateurs furent nombreux, notamment dans leur cabinet pour élaborer plans, dessins et contrats, mais aussi sur les chantiers, dont la conduite fut supervisée par des associés de confiance.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis presenting as hoarseness and mass lesion
Authors: Spalgais Sonam , Thinles Tsewang , Mrigpuri Parul , Kumar Raj
Published: January 2021

A 46-year male, ex-smoker presented with cough and hoarseness for 2-3 months. The CECT chest revealed a left upper lobe mass. BAL was negative for AFB, GeneXpert, and malignant cells. The bronchial biopsy showed granuloma with no caseation and infiltration of lymphoid cells. The ultrasound abdomen was normal. The patient was started on prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg. He improved clinic-radiologically. Ex-smoker, middle-aged man with hoarseness and mass lesion on CECT chest is highly suspicious of lung malignancy. Pulmonary sarcoidosis should be kept in the differential diagnosis of unexplained hoarseness and mass lesion as the disease has diverse presentations.
Validation of a Commercially Available Markerless Motion-Capture System for Trunk and Lower Extremity Kinematics During a Jump-Landing Assessment
Authors: Mauntel Timothy C. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Pietrosimone Brian , Marshall Stephen W. , Hackney Anthony C. , Padua Darin A.
Published: January 2021

Context

Field-based, portable motion-capture systems can be used to help identify individuals at greater risk of lower extremity injury. Microsoft Kinect-based markerless motion-capture systems meet these requirements; however, until recently, these systems were generally not automated, required substantial data postprocessing, and were not commercially available.

Objective

To validate the kinematic measures of a commercially available markerless motion-capture system.

Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 20 healthy, physically active university students (10 males, 10 females; age = 20.50 ± 2.78 years, height = 170.36 ± 9.82 cm, mass = 68.38 ± 10.07 kg, body mass index = 23.50 ± 2.40 kg/m2).

Intervention(s)

Participants completed 5 jump-landing trials. Kinematic data were simultaneously recorded using Kinect-based markerless and stereophotogrammetric motion-capture systems.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Sagittal- and frontal-plane trunk, hip-joint, and knee-joint angles were identified at initial ground contact of the jump landing (IC), for the maximum joint angle during the landing phase of the initial landing (MAX), and for the joint-angle displacement from IC to MAX (DSP). Outliers were removed, and data were averaged across trials. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs [2,1]) to assess intersystem reliability and the paired-samples t test to examine mean differences (α ≤ .05).

Results

Agreement existed between the systems (ICC range = −1.52 to 0.96; ICC average = 0.58), with 75.00% (n = 24/32) of the measures being validated (P ≤ .05). Agreement was better for sagittal- (ICC average = 0.84) than frontal- (ICC average = 0.35) plane measures. Agreement was best for MAX (ICC average = 0.77) compared with IC (ICC average = 0.56) and DSP (ICC average = 0.41) measures. Pairwise comparisons identified differences for 18.75% (6/32) of the measures. Fewer differences were observed for sagittal- (0.00%; 0/15) than for frontal- (35.29%; 6/17) plane measures. Between-systems differences were equivalent for MAX (18.18%; 2/11), DSP (18.18%; 2/11), and IC (20.00%; 2/10) measures. The markerless system underestimated sagittal-plane measures (86.67%; 13/15) and overestimated frontal-plane measures (76.47%; 13/17). No trends were observed for overestimating or underestimating IC, MAX, or DSP measures.

Conclusions

Moderate agreement existed between markerless and stereophotogrammetric motion-capture systems. Better agreement existed for larger (eg, sagittal-plane, MAX) than for smaller (eg, frontal-plane, IC) joint angles. The DSP angles had the worst agreement. Markerless motion-capture systems may help clinicians identify individuals at greater risk of lower extremity injury.
Gait Biomechanics in Individuals Meeting Sufficient Quadriceps Strength Cutoffs After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Pietrosimone Brian , Davis-Wilson Hope C. , Seeley Matthew K. , Johnston Christopher , Spang Jeffrey T. , Creighton R. Alexander , Kamath Ganesh M. , Blackburn J. Troy
Published: January 2021

Context

Quadriceps weakness is associated with disability and aberrant gait biomechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Strength-sufficiency cutoff scores, which normalize quadriceps strength to the mass of an individual, can predict who will report better function after ACLR. However, whether gait biomechanics differ between individuals who meet a strength-sufficiency cutoff (strong) and those who do not (weak) remains unknown.

Objective

To determine whether vertical ground reaction force, knee-flexion angle, and internal knee-extension moment differ throughout the stance phase of walking between individuals with strong and those with weak quadriceps after ACLR.

Design

Case-control study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Individuals who underwent unilateral ACLR >12 months before testing were dichotomized into strong (n = 31) and weak (n = 116) groups.

Main Outcome Measures

Maximal isometric quadriceps strength was measured at 90° of knee flexion using an isokinetic dynamometer and normalized to body mass. Individuals who demonstrated maximal isometric quadriceps strength ≥3.0 N·m·kg−1 were considered strong. Three-dimensional gait biomechanics were collected at a self-selected walking speed. Biomechanical data were time normalized to 100% of stance phase. Vertical ground reaction force was normalized to body weight (BW), and knee-extension moment was normalized to BW × height. Pairwise comparison functions were calculated for each outcome to identify between-groups differences for each percentile of stance.

Results

Vertical ground reaction force was greater in the weak group for the first 22% of stance (peak mean difference [MD] = 6.2% BW) and less in the weak group between 36% and 43% of stance (MD = 1.4% BW). Knee-flexion angle was greater (ie, more flexion) in the strong group between 6% and 52% of stance (MD = 2.3°) and smaller (ie, less flexion) between 68% and 79% of stance (MD = 1.0°). Knee-extension moment was greater in the strong group between 7% and 62% of stance (MD = 0.007 BW × height).

Conclusions

Individuals with ACLR who generated knee-extension torque ≥3.0 N·m·kg−1 exhibited different biomechanical gait profiles than those who could not. More strength may allow for better energy attenuation after ACLR.
Where have the others gone? Impact of lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic on patient populations undergoing Computed Tomography imaging in a public tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Kawthalkar Ameya Shirish , Somani Shradha Dilip , Bhalde Rucha Prafulla
Published: January 2021

Context: As a response to the CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, India announced a nation-wide lockdown effective from March 25, 2020. Recent media reports and published studies from Western countries indicate a decrease in patients presenting to hospitals with stroke, acute coronary syndromes, and other emergencies. Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the lockdown on the number of patients undergoing Computed Tomography (CT) in a public tertiary care hospital in India, and thus indirectly assess the effect of the lockdown on medical conditions other than COVID-19. Settings and Design: Retrospective observational study. Materials and Methods: Analysis of the CT reports from the hospital’s PACS for the first three months of lockdown was performed and compared with those of the month prior to the imposition of the lockdown. Statistical Analysis Used: Frequency tables and percentages were calculated. Results: There was a 70% decrease in the number of total CTs in the first three months of lockdown compared to the month prior to lockdown. There was a decrease in CTs performed for various conditions such as tuberculosis follow up (decreased by 98%), brain infarcts, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (decreased by 40%), and baseline CTs for neoplasms (decreased by 73%). CTs for trauma also decreased by 64% with a decrease in patients involved in road traffic accidents undergoing CT. Conclusion: Our study highlights the impact of the lockdown on medical conditions other than COVID-19 in India, with a substantial decrease in the number of patients undergoing CTs for a variety of conditions.