bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacist-Provided Pharmacogenetic Point-of-Care Testing Consultation Service: A Time and Motion Study
Authors: Bright David R. , Klepser Michael E. , Murry Logan , Klepser Donald G.
Published: February 2018

Background: With recent advances in pharmacogenomics (PGx) comes the potential to customize medication use based on genetic data. Support for PGx has found practical limitations in terms of workflow and turnaround time of a test. However, with the expansion of point-of-care testing (POCT) in pharmacy practice models comes opportunity for PGx testing in the pharmacy setting. Objective: The purpose of this study is to quantify the amount of time spent during each step of a PGx POCT encounter in a community pharmacy setting. Methods: A time and motion study was conducted using a mock community pharmacy space for a simulated PGx-focused encounter to manage antiplatelet therapy following hospital discharge. PGx POCT was conducted using the Spartan RX instrument. Simulated patient encounters were divided into 7 categories. Time spent in each step, as well as total time spent, was tracked. Results: A total of 54 simulated PGx POCT encounters took place with an average time of 9.49 minutes (SD ± 1.38 minutes). Instrument run time adds 60 minutes to the total time required to obtain a result. Duties that could be performed by an appropriately trained pharmacy technician totaled 6.86 minutes. Conclusions: PGx POCT would require 9.49 minutes of pharmacy staff hands-on time for the encounter, which could be reduced to 2.64 minutes of pharmacist time with appropriate pharmacy technician involvement. Time requirements for PGx POCT are similar to that of community pharmacy–based immunizations. Future studies could explore how practice could change if PGx testing were routinely performed in the pharmacy.
The Role of Echocardiography in Determining the Method of Ablation for the Treatment of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A Literature Review
Authors: Cone Abigail Krystal
Published: February 2018

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting approximately 1 out of every 250 people. It is associated with thrombus formation in the left atrium, decreased cardiac output, and deterioration of the myocardium. There are multiple treatments available for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. This literature review will assess the benefits, risks, and complications associated with radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation, which utilize heat and freezing mechanisms, respectively. The review will also assess the role of echocardiography in determining which treatment, if any, is appropriate for atrial fibrillation.
Single-agent ibrutinib in treatment-naïve and relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a 5-year experience
Authors: O’Brien Susan , Furman Richard R. , Coutre Steven , Flinn Ian W. , Burger Jan A. , Blum Kristie , Sharman Jeff , Wierda William , Jones Jeffrey , Zhao Weiqiang , Heerema Nyla A. , Johnson Amy J. , Luan Ying , James Danelle F. , Chu Alvina D. , Byrd John C.
Published: February 2018

Key Points

Our 5-year experience shows sustained single-agent efficacy of ibrutinib in CLL patients, with complete response rates increasing over time. Long-term ibrutinib was well tolerated with no new safety signals; rates of grade ≥3 cytopenias decreased with continued therapy.
Markers of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction predict COPD in middle-aged subjects
Authors: Ricci Fabrizio , Wollmer Per , Engström Gunnar , Fedorowski Artur , Hamrefors Viktor
Published: February 2018

Autonomic dysfunction is commonly observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may relate to the known comorbidity with coronary artery disease (CAD). We hypothesised that clinical markers of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction predict COPD in the population, independently of CAD.

In a population-based cohort of 24 768 subjects (mean age 45 years) without baseline airflow obstruction, we analysed the cross-sectional relationship of one-minute orthostatic systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) changes and resting heart rate with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Cox regression models were used to analyse the association of orthostatic SBP and DBP changes (SBP/DBP decrease) and resting heart rate with incident COPD over a 32-year follow-up.

Baseline orthostatic SBP decrease (p=0.020) and DBP decrease (p=0.001) were associated with reduced FVC, whereas resting heart rate was associated with reduced FVC and FEV1(p<0.001). After adjustment for smoking and baseline lung function, SBP decrease predicted COPD (hazard ratio (HR) 1.10 per 10 mmHg, 95% CI 1.03–1.18). Resting heart rate predicted COPD among smokers (HR 1.11 per 10 beats-per-minute increase, 95% CI 1.05–1.18). Results were similar in subjects without CAD.

Subtle signs of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction may precede the development of COPD in middle-aged subjects. This association is independent of the relationship between cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and CAD.
Improving hydrocarbon exploration with pore pressure assisted earth-model building
Authors: Liu Yangjun (Kevin) , O’Briain Michael , Hunter Cara , Jones Laura , Saragoussi Emmanuel
Published: February 2018

In shale-dominated clastic lithology environments, a rock-physics model relating velocity and pore pressure (PP) can be calibrated and used to convert velocity to PP properties. The crossvalidation between velocity and overpressure, which follows the geology, can be used to better understand the model, help to build an initial velocity model, and allow selecting tomography solutions with more confidence. The velocity model developed using this approach is more plausible and more suitable for subsequent PP analysis. We highlight the application of this method in areas with poor seismic illumination and insufficient well control.
Introduction to this special section: Induced seismicity
Authors: Birkelo Brad , Ellsworth William , Roche Steve , van der Baan Mirko
Published: February 2018

In the last several years, significant progress has been made in elevating the understanding of induced seismicity as it relates to oil and gas operations. Much of the initial work in response to increased anthropogenic seismicity in the United States and Canada that began in 2009 served to document the phenomena and provide the link between the effect and the potential causes. We are now entering a second phase of research in which work is being done on many fronts — some assessing early models and assumptions on earthquake triggering, others testing potential practical risk mitigation tools, and a few documenting case histories that are beginning to shine a light on the details of the processes.
Five key lessons gained from induced seismicity monitoring in western Canada
Authors: Karimi Sepideh , Baturan Dario , Yenier Emrah
Published: February 2018

In response to induced seismicity observed in western Canada, existing public networks have been densified and a number of private networks have been deployed to closely monitor induced earthquakes associated with oil and gas operations in the region. Over the past three years, we generated an unprecedented volume of seismic data from monitoring induced seismicity for some of the most active operators in western Canada. This rich data set can be used to understand preexisting geologic structures, the activation mechanisms and probabilities, and seismological attributes of the resultant ground motions. Acknowledging that the primary goal of private networks is assisting operators in making operational decisions, these insights can play key roles in improving the accuracy of event magnitudes, ground-motion predictions, and hazard estimates, which successively can be used for developing effective risk management strategies.
DGS to sponsor 24th annual 3D Seismic Symposium
Authors: Purcell Mary Sue
Published: February 2018

The 24th annual 3D Seismic Symposium, sponsored by the Denver Geophysical Society (DGS), will take place 6 March 2018 in Denver, Colorado. This year's theme will be “Integrated geoscience for the future.” The keynote speaker is slated to be Jesse Sommer of Armstrong Oil and Gas, who will present on Armstong's multibillion-barrel discovery at Pikka Field on Alaska's North Slope. The planned kick-off speaker will be Tom Smith of Geophysical Insights, discussing machine learning and its ability to augment — not replace — seismic interpretation.
The place of psychoanalysis in French psychiatry
Authors: Botbol Michel , Gourbil Adeline
Published: February 2018

France is known as one of the countries where psychoanalysis still holds an important position in various fields, and specially in psychiatry. Is it a ‘culture bound syndrome' of French society, or, more seriously, a particularity that could be useful in other contexts as well? Through consideration of the role psychoanalysis is playing in French psychiatry, this paper will try to review this particularity and its interactions with the organisation and values of psychiatry in France, both in the public services and in private practice.
Prediction of electroconvulsive therapy response and remission in major depression: meta-analysis
Authors: van Diermen Linda , van den Ameele Seline , Kamperman Astrid M. , Sabbe Bernard C.G. , Vermeulen Tom , Schrijvers Didier , Birkenhäger Tom K.
Published: February 2018

Background

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered to be the most effective treatment in severe major depression. The identification of reliable predictors of ECT response could contribute to a more targeted patient selection and consequently increased ECT response rates.

Aims

To investigate the predictive value of age, depression severity, psychotic and melancholic features for ECT response and remission in major depression.

Method

A meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. A literature search identified recent studies that reported on at least one of the potential predictors.

Results

Of the 2193 articles screened, 34 have been included for meta-analysis. Presence of psychotic features is a predictor of ECT remission (odds ratio (OR) = 1.47,P= 0.001) and response (OR = 1.69,P< 0.001), as is older age (standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.26 for remission and 0.35 for response (P< 0.001)). The severity of depression predicts response (SMD = 0.19,P= 0.001), but not remission. Data on melancholic symptoms were inconclusive.

Conclusions

ECT is particularly effective in patients with depression with psychotic features and in elderly people with depression. More research on both biological and clinical predictors is needed to further evaluate the position of ECT in treatment protocols for major depression.

Declaration of interest

None.
Plasma IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Concentration Has an Inverse Association With Birth Weight in Prepubertal Children
Authors: Nordman Henrikki , Voutilainen Raimo , Antikainen Leena , Jääskeläinen Jarmo
Published: February 2018

Context

Birth size has an impact on later cardiometabolic risk that is strongly related to low-grade inflammation.

Objective

To evaluate plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) concentrations in relation to birth size and cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in prepubertal children.

Design

A cohort study. Anthropometric data were recorded. Fasting blood samples were collected for plasma analyses of IL-1ra, alanine transaminase, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, triglyceride, glucose, and serum analyses of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations.

Participants

Forty-nine large for gestational age (LGA), 56 appropriate for gestational age, and 23 small for gestational age (SGA) children at 5 to 8 years of age were examined.

Main Outcome Measures

Differences in IL-1ra concentrations among the birth-size groups and associations between IL-1ra and other metabolic markers were assessed.

Results

Body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS)-adjusted plasma IL-1ra concentrations were highest in the SGA- and lowest in the LGA-born children (P = 0.015). Age- and sex-adjusted IL-1ra concentrations had strongest associations with BMI SDS (P < 0.001) and hs-CRP (P < 0.001, also when further adjusted for BMI SDS).

Conclusions

Prepubertal children born SGA had the highest and those born LGA the lowest IL-1ra concentrations in this study cohort. Most associations found between IL-1ra and the studied metabolic parameters were weight related, but the association with hs-CRP remained strong after adjustment for BMI. It seems that at prepuberty, SGA children have a stronger inflammatory state than LGA children and may thus be at a greater risk for later metabolic disturbances.
Gemin4is an essential gene in mice, and its overexpression in human cells causes relocalization of the SMN complex to the nucleoplasm
Authors: Meier Ingo D. , Walker Michael P. , Matera A. Gregory
Published: February 2018

Gemin4 is a member of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein complex, which is responsible for the assembly and maturation of Sm-class small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). In metazoa, Sm snRNPs are assembled in the cytoplasm and subsequently imported into the nucleus. We previously showed that the SMN complex is required for snRNP import in vitro, although it remains unclear which specific components direct this process. Here, we report that Gemin4 overexpression drives SMN and the other Gemin proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Moreover, it disrupts the subnuclear localization of the Cajal body marker protein, coilin, in a dose-dependent manner. We identified three putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) motifs within Gemin4, one of which is necessary and sufficient to direct nuclear import. Overexpression of Gemin4 constructs lacking this NLS sequestered Gemin3 and, to a lesser extent Gemin2, in the cytoplasm but had little effect on the nuclear accumulation of SMN. We also investigated the effects of Gemin4 depletion in the laboratory mouse, mus musculus. Gemin4 null mice die early in embryonic development, demonstrating that Gemin4 is an essential mammalian protein. When crossed onto a severe SMA mutant background, heterozygous loss of Gemin4 failed to modify the early postnatal mortality phenotype of SMA type I (Smn−/−;SMN2+/+) mice. We conclude that Gemin4 plays an essential role in mammalian snRNP biogenesis, and may facilitate import of the SMN complex (or subunits thereof) into the nucleus.
Do Physicians Respond to the Costs and Cost-Sensitivity of Their Patients?
Authors: Carrera Mariana , Goldman Dana P. , Joyce Geoffrey , Sood Neeraj
Published: February 2018

We use individual level data on purchases of cholesterol-lowering drugs to study the responses of physicians and patients to variation in the cost of drugs. In a sample of first-time statin prescriptions to employees from 12 Fortune 500 firms, we find that co-pay variation across plans has a small effect on the choice of drug, and this effect does not vary with patient income. After the highly publicized patent expiration of Zocor, however, prescriptions for this drug increased substantially, especially for lower income patients. Our analysis suggests that physicians can perceive the price sensitivity of their patients and adjust their initial prescriptions accordingly, but only in response to a large and universal price change. (JEL D14, G22, I11, I13, L65)
The Effect of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs on Opioid Utilization in Medicare
Authors: Buchmueller Thomas C. , Carey Colleen
Published: February 2018

The misuse of prescription opioids has become a serious epidemic in the United States. In response, states have implemented Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs), which record a patient’s opioid prescribing history. While few providers participated in early systems, states have recently begun to require providers to access the PDMP under certain circumstances. We find that “must access” PDMPs significantly reduce measures of misuse in Medicare Part D. In contrast, we find that PDMPs without such provisions have no effect. We find stronger effects when providers are required to access the PDMP under broad circumstances, not only when they are suspicious. (JEL H75, I11, I12, I18)
Ο εμπορικός χάρτης της βυζαντινής Θεσσαλονίκης: ιχνηλατώντας τις αγορές της πόλης από τον 9ο αιώνα έως την οθωμανική κατάκτηση.
Authors: ΡΑΠΤΗΣ (Konstantinos Th. RAPTIS) Κωνσταντίνος Θ.
Published: February 2018

Με βαση περιορισμένα αρχαιολογικά δεδομένα και αναφορές σε κείμενα της βυζαντινής περιόδου επιχειρείται η ανίχνευση των περιοχών της βυζαντινής Θεσσαλονίκης, στις οποίες αναπτυσσόταν περισσότερο ή λιγότερο οργανωμένη εμπορική δραστηριότητα και αφετέρου η σκιαγράφηφη, έστω και θολά, του εμπορικού χάρτη της πόλης από την μέση βυζαντινή περίοδο έως την Οθωμανική κατάκτηση.
Cross-cultural interaction and convergence in the hospitaller states. The case of the cult of Saint Panteleemon in Telos
Authors: PAPANIKOLAOU (Πρόδρομας ΠΑΠΑΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ) Prodromos
Published: February 2018

Η μικρή λιτανική εικόνα από το μοναστήρι του Αγίου Παντελεήμονα της Τήλου, πιθανότατα έργο τοπικού εργαστηρίου, αξιολογείται σε συνδυασμό με άλλεςκαλλιτεχνικές ενδείξεις, τόσο ζωγραφικές όσο και αρχιτεκτονικές, υπό το πρίσμα της λατρείας του αγίου Παντελεήμονα. Η ανάπτυξη της λατρείας του στα τέλη του 15ου αιώνα πιθανολογείται ότι αποτέλεσε σημείο σύγκλισης μεταξύ Ελλήνων και Λατίνων στη Ρόδο.
Carobs in productive animal nutrition
Authors: KOTROTSIOS (Ν. ΚΟΤΡΩΤΣΙΟΣ) N. , CHRISTAKI (Ε. ΧΡΗΣΤΑΚΗ) E. , BONOS (Ε. ΜΠΟΝΟΣ) E , FLOROU-PANERI (Π. ΦΛΩΡΟΥ-ΠΑΝΕΡΗ) P.
Published: February 2018

The carob tree belongs to the nutrient plants and it is known since antiquity as a native plant of Greece. Its scientific name Ceratonia siliqua, originates from the Greek word "keraton" which means "horn", and which indicates the shape of its fruit. The carob tree is an evergreen, long-lived, polygamous, monoecious or dioecious. It is easily cultivated and thrives in all types of soil, except the humid and non-affluent. The wood, the bark and the leaves of carob have different uses. The fruit of the carob tree, the carob, is a lobe and it is 10-30 cm long and 2-3 cm wide with a brown and leathery exocarp and a fleshy and juicy mesocarp, in which 8 to 16 oval, flattened, hard and shiny reddish seeds are enclosed. The collection of the fruits must be finished before the winter rains. The fruits fall from the tree by themselves or by caning. A 6 years old carob tree can produce 2.25 kg carobs, while a 12 years old tree can produce 45 kg or more. The annual Greek carob production for the year 2005 was 14,816 tons, while the average yield was 9.8 kg/tree. The world carob production is about 315,000 tons/year. The carobs have low total fat and crude protein content, but high sugar content. The carobs' characteristic odor is due to their isobutyric acid content (1.3%). Furthermore, they include an unusually large amount of tannins, 16-20% of which are polyphenols and 27-50% of which are bound with cellulose. The tannins are a complex group of secondary metabolites of plants and are separated from other polyphenol compounds due to their ability to create sediment with proteins. The presence of tannin in feed reduces the nutrients' digestibility and has a negative effect on body weight gain. However, tannins can also have positive effects depending on their biological potency, because they have the ability to prevent bacterial, fungal and yeast growth. Carobs and their by-products have a considerable fibre content (average 8%) and therefore they can be included in supplementary ruminant rations up to 20% - 30%. Experiments carried out by adding carobs in broiler feeds resulted in decreased body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio, probably because of the high cellulose and tannin content of the carob. Nevertheless, if the broiler's ration is enriched with fats or oils and synthetic amino acids, these birds show normal weight gain, but with a high feed conversion ratio. The carobs can be included up to 10% - 20% in the ration of pigs. Also, since the carobs have high sugar content, they can increase the feed consumption of the piglets and they can replace other sugar feeds with high sugar content (dextrose, starch, milk powder) without adversely affecting the feed intake. Greece produces a considerable quantity of carobs every year, therefore a part of this production could be utilized as animal feed
The sunflower oil and the sunflower meal in animal nutrition
Authors: BONOS (Ε. ΜΠΟΝΟΣ) E. , CHRISTAKI (Ε. ΧΡΗΣΤΑΚΗ) E. , FLOROU-PANERI (Π. ΦΛΩΡΟΥ-ΠΑΝΕΡΗ) P.
Published: February 2018

The sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family. It is grown primarily for its seeds, the sunflower oil and the sunflower meal obtained from it, but also as an ornamental plant, as feed and as fuel. The sunflower seed is comprised from the husk on the outside and the kernel on the inside, whereas depending on the oil content it is categorised in two varieties, one with low oil content (average 25%) and another with high oil content (40% - 51%). The sunflower oil is high in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and plant sterols and low in saturated fatty acids. The fatty acids composition of the sunflower oil depends mainly on the variety of the sunflower seeds and thus the sunflower oil is categorised in linoleic sunflower oil or classic (with high polyunsaturated fatty acids content), oleic sunflower oil or High-oleic (with a high monounsaturated fatty acids content) and middle oleic sunflower oil or NuSun (with an intermediate oleic acid content). It is marketed as raw oil or refined oil. The sunflower oil is added to the rations of farm animals in order to increase their energy content and to meet their essential fatty acids needs. Nowadays, many researchers study its effect on the composition of milk, meat and eggs produced from farm animals, in order to obtain characteristics more desirable for the human consumers, such as higher concentration of unsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, as well as higher concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The sunflower meal is the main byproduct of the sunflower seeds after oil extraction. Sunflower meal may differ in color and texture, as well as in their chemical composition, depending on the variety of the sunflower, the degree of hull removal and the method of treatment. The crude fiber content varies from 12% to 32%, the crude protein from 24% to 44% and the ether extract from 1% to 10%. It also contains a significant amount of vitamins and non-starch polysaccharides. The sunflower oil and the sunflower meal can be used in the nutrition of both monogastric animals and ruminants.
Water quality and fish diseases
Authors: VATSOS (Ι.Ν. ΒΑΤΣΟΣ) I. N. , ANGELIDIS (Π. ΑΓΓΕΛΙΔΗΣ) P.
Published: February 2018

Certain water quality parameters are known to cause serious problems to fish, especially when they are living under intensive farming conditions. These problems range from discomfort of fish to heavy mortalities and factors, such as the fish species, the time and level of exposure and the synergic effect of other coexisting stressful conditions, play an important role. In addition, when these parameters are outside the preferable for each fish species range, they can induce stress to fish, compromising their immune system and making them vulnerable to many opportunistic pathogens. Oxygen is, probably, the main limiting factor under farming conditions and when its levels are below the preferable range for any fish species, many morphological, as well as physiological alterations develop. Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the water usually coexist with decreased levels of oxygen and can cause respiratory acidosis and nephrocalcinosis. The latter is characterized by the development of granulomas in many internal organs and urolithiasis. Ammonia usually causes problems under intensive farming conditions, especially when the wateris recirculated and the pH is high. Increased levels of ammonia in the water can cause extensive alterations in the gills and degenerative changes in the liver and kidney. Gas supersaturation of the water, depending on the level of saturation and the time of exposure, can result in the gas bubble disease. Formation of bubbles in the eyes, skin and gills and extensive necrotic areas inmany organs due to gas emboli are the main findings caused by this disease. Many contaminants in the water can, also, create serious problems to fish. Fin erosion, epidermal hyperplasia or papilloma and degenerative and necrotic alterations in many internalorgans are common findings observed in fish on many cases of water pollution. Many of the factors mentioned above, as well as others, such as nutrition and bad management, can result in abnormal development of the body offish, when exposed at their early life stages. Due to farming conditions, cultured fish tend to exhibit increased rate of body malformation compared to wild ones. Careful design of the facilities, use of specialized equipment and, probably, application of genetic selection program can minimize or even eliminate the effects these water parameters have on the cultured fish.
Predisposing factors of sheep lameness
Authors: GELASAKIS (Α.Ι. ΓΕΛΑΣΑΚΗΣ) A. I. , VALERGAKIS (Γ.Ε. ΒΑΛΕΡΓΑΚΗΣ) G. E. , ARSENOS (Γ. ΑΡΣΕΝΟΣ) G.
Published: February 2018

Lameness is a major health problem in sheep flocks worldwide. It is associated with reduced productivity and welfare of lame animals within a flock. The consequences of lameness on production have been studied in meat and wool producing breeds, but the available research studies are limited. In dairy breeds of sheep the problem has not been investigated. Lameness can be the result of many causes, but it is mostly associated with foot lesions. With the exception of systemic diseases, a number of predisposing factors seem to dictate the epidemiology of lameness. Here, these factors are grouped in two major categories: a) genetic factors that are attributed to individual animals and b) environmental factors that affect the prevalence of lameness within the flock. In this review, different approaches to counteract those factors are presented. In principle, appropriate genetic selection, together with the implementation of preventive measures, could reduce the negative consequences of those factors. Nutrition is a fundamental factor associated with the health of the foot and the animal in general. Hence, the formulation of a balanced rationis crucial, because deficiencies in specific nutrients, involved in the keratinization of hoof wall, could predispose to lameness. The latter could be also associated with inappropriate housing conditions (e.g. bedding, ventilation). In particular, moisture has been identified as an important predisposing factor for foot lesions. Flock management (e.g. foot trimming, foot bathing), particularly in intensively reared sheep, can also affect the prevalence of lameness. Moreover, the implementation of biosecurity measures at farm level could eliminate the possibility of infectious footrot from purchased animals. In conclusion, the implementation of any preventive measures against the predisposing factors of lameness implies that the farmer is aware of the importance and the consequences of lameness in his flock. The role of the veterinarian is also important. The veterinarian should not focus only on the diagnosis and the treatment of lame animals, but should also try to educate the farmer on the epizootiology of the problem.
Investigation on the relationship between population synthesis of the honeybee stocks reared in Crete and their resistance to the tracheal mite Acarapis woodi, Rennie
Authors: LIAKOS (Β. ΛΙΑΚΟΣ) B.
Published: February 2018

The population synthesis of honey bee breeds reared in Crete by crossbreeding among the native race Apis mellifera adami, Ruttner, the Macedonian bee Apis mellifera macedonica, Ruttner, and the Italian bee Apis mellifera ligustica, Spinal, was determinated. The probable relationship between population synthesis and resistance to tracheal mite Acarapis woodi, Rennie, of these breeds was also investigated. Samples of 50 bees were taken from 45 colonies of an apiary, infested with acarine disease, in which the bees showed a great diversity in their morphological characteristics and were examined as regards: a) the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the sampled bees, and b) the number of infested colonies, the prevalence, the unilateral or bilateral infection and the parasite intensity of thoracic tracheas, from every sample infested by Acarapis woodi. After examination the colonies were classified in four groups, according to morphological and morphometric characteristics that hade the majority of the bees in each sample: Group I, hybrids of Apis mellifera macedonica, group II, hybrids of Apis mellifera ligustica, group III, hybrids of "bright yellow" type of Apis mellifera ligustica, and group IV, diversiform hybrids. From the tracheas examinations it was detected that: the population synthesis affects the resistance of bee colonies. Bee colonies of group I showed the highest resistance. On the contrary, those of group III showed the lowest. Bee colonies of the two other groups showed relatively high resistance but less high than that of A. m. macedonica.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood - associated outbreaks
Authors: SOLOMAKOS (Ν. ΣΟΛΩΜΑΚΟΣ) N. , PEXARA (Α. ΠΕΞΑΡΑ) A. , GOVARIS (Α. ΓΚΟΒΑΡΗΣ) A.
Published: February 2018

Among the 30 species of the genus Vibrio, only 13 of them are pathogenic to humans. All pathogenic vibrios have been reported to cause foodborne diseases, although Κ parahaemolyticus is considered the most important pathogenic Vibrio. V parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium that occurs naturally in aquatic environments worldwide. The pathogen caused sporadic diarrhoea mainly associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood up to recent years. Since 1996, the incidence of V. parahaemolyticus infections has increased dramatically. V. parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood associated bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States and of the half foodborne outbreaks in some Asian countries. This increase in incidence has been related to the emergence of the 03:K6 serovar. The pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains can produce a thermostable direct hemolysin or a thermostable direct hemolysin-related hemolysin, which arc encoded by the tdh and trh genes, respectively. Vibrio parahaemolyticus has not been included in the microbiological criteria of E.U. Food legislation, probably because the risk by this pathogen was considered rather low in liurope. However, climate changes favour the growth of the pathogen in seawater. Recent studies in Spain and France have shown that V. parahaemolyticus infections from seafood consumption have been increased. The emergence of the pathogen in liurope is of public health concern and emphasizes the importance of microbiological surveillance and control programs for V, parahaemolyticus.
Factors influencing HACCP implementation in the food industry
Authors: MILIOS (Κ. ΜΗΛΙΟΣ) K. , DROSINOS (Ε. ΔΡΟΣΙΝΟΣ) E. H. , ZOIOPOULOS (Π.Ε. ΖΩΪΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) P. E.
Published: February 2018

HACCP application in food processing plants could improve food safety and lead to a reduction of food-borne diseases. Apparent lack of HACCP implementation in several food businesses may be due to presence of various technical barriers. The aim of this review is to explore the lists of motives and barriers to implementation of the HACCP system as outlined in the published literature and to evaluate respective impact. Lack of awareness of HACCP, no perceived benefits, lack of training, management regressions, variability of production lines and individuality of each product, variability of the consumers’ demands and small size of an enterprise have been found to have negative effects on implementation and performance of a HACCP system. Also, costs of development, as well as application and maintenance of the system seem to constitute a severe constraint. According to the authors’ opinion, lack of management commitment, in addition to lack of personnel training and costs are the main constraints to appropriate implementation of HACCP.On the other hand, motivation for HACCP application provides an improvement of processing procedures’ efficiency, decrease of recalls, regulatory demands, enhancement of firm reputation, costs reduction, customers’ demands, previous experiences with food safety issues, trained staff and management decision. Finally, legislation cannot provide adequate motivation for appropriate HACCP implementation, so that market motivation is, in our view, the key factor that can lead to management commitment.
Prevalence of failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins in Holstein calves in Northern Greece and association with management practices
Authors: PANOUSIS (Ν. ΠΑΝΟΥΣΗΣ) N. , KRITSEPI- KONSTANTINOU (Μ. ΚΡΙΤΣΕΠΗ-ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ) M. , KALAITZAKIS (Ε. ΚΑΛΑΪΤΖΑΚΗΣ) E. , GIADINIS (Ν. ΓΙΑΔΙΝΗΣ) N. , VALERGAKIS (Γ.Ε. ΒΑΛΕΡΓΑΚΗΣ) G. E.
Published: February 2018

Objectives of the present study were to estimate prevalence of failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins in dairy calves in Northern Greece and to investigate factors potentially associated with it. Four hundred and thirty seven clinically healthy calves in 30 farms were included in the study. Age of calves was 18 h to 7 d. Animals were blood sampled and serum total protein concentrations were measured by a refractometer. Two thresholds of total protein concentration were used: 5.2 or 5.5 g dL 1. At calf level, an animal was considered to have failure of passive transfer of immunoblobulins when total protein concentrations were lower than the above thresholds. At herd level, a herd was considered to have failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins when >20% of sampled calves had total protein concentration was <5.2 or <5.5 g dL-1.Moreover, data on health management on the farm were collected in a purpose-built questionnaire. At 5.2 g dL-1, 20% of the calves and 40% of the herds were considered to have failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins; when the 5.5 g dL-1 threshold was used, respective prevalences were 26% and 53%. At herd level, mean blood serum total protein concentration tended to be positively affected by a short interval between birth and first colostrum meal, by maintenance of a stock of frozen colostrum and by establishment of a close-up group of dry cows. At calf level, the same factors had a statistically  significant positive effect on blood serum total protein concentration. Moreover, quantity of colostrum received by calves and colostrum condition were also positively related with blood serum total protein concentration. In conclusion, failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins is a common problem in Holstein calves in Northern Greece. Increased prevalence of the problem implies that increased efforts and management practices need to be applied to ensure the adequate transferof maternal immunoglobulins to newborn calves. Also, it becomes obvious from all the above findings that many farmersare not well informed for management practices that have to implement to ensure adequate amounts of immunoglobulins tonewborn calves. Hence, dissemination of knowledge concerning best management practices for achieving adequate passiveimmunity is considered to be of significant importance.
Rabbit-assisted interventions in a Greek kindergarten
Authors: LOUKAKI (Κ. ΛΟΥΚΑΚΗ) K. , KOUKOUTSAKIS (Π. ΚΟΥΚΟΥΤΣΑΚΗΣ) P.
Published: February 2018

Objective of the study was to confirm efficacy of intervention by means of a rabbit. We studied and recorded reactions of pupils and personnel in the presence of a rabbit in a comprehensive-type kindergarten. We selected a group of 39 clinically healthy pupils, 2.5- to 4-year-old, who were attending the kindergarten and used relevant weighted questionnaires for pupils and teachers. In the presence of the animal, pupils’ ability of socializing, communicating and expressing emotions increased significantly. Teachers also found the results of the intervention particularly positive. It is concluded that rabbit intervention in a public kindergarten is feasible, low cost and does not require specialized personnel. The rabbit is a popular animal, familiar to children, hence the intervention was successful and effective as similar interventions with dogs, providing the chance to children to learn and become accustomed to animals.
Practical bone marrow cytology in the dog and cat
Authors: MYLONAKIS (Μ.Ε. ΜΥΛΩΝΑΚΗΣ) M. E. , HATZIS (Α. ΧΑΤΖΗΣ) A.
Published: February 2018

In companion animal medicine, bone marrow (BM) aspiration cytology is a cost-effective diagnostic tool, which provides excellent morphological detail of cells and infectious agents. The major indications for BM aspiration include unexplained clinical manifestations (e.g., fever, body weight loss), persistent hematological or biochemical abnormalities (e.g., anemia, leukocytosis), diagnosis and/or staging of malignancies (e.g., lymphoma, mast-cell tumor), diagnosis of important infectious diseases such as leishmaniosis (Leishmania infantum) and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis) and evaluation of canine iron stores. Complications associated with BM aspiration are rare and the equipment and supplies required minimal, hence accounting for the popularity of this procedure in the clinical setting compared to BM core biopsy. This review focuses on the technical details pertaining to the collection of BM aspirate material, including the usual anatomic sites for sampling, the equipment required, the preparation of the animal, the aspiration technique and the BM material processing for good quality slide preparation. The description of the cellular population normally anticipated in the BM of the dog and cat and the systematic approach in evaluating and interpreting the BM cytological findings are also highlighted. In the last part of this review, the current classification guidelines for the canine and feline BM malignancies are briefly outlined.
Suspected toxicity by biological waste and air sac nematode infestation in a free-living peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus)
Authors: AZMANIS (Π.Ν. ΑΖΜΑΝΗΣ) P. N. , KRAUTWALD-JUNGHANNS M.-E. , SCHMIDT V.
Published: February 2018

This case report describes an uncommon complex of mortality in a free living peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus). The bird was found rinsed with biologic waste and the integument was mildly inflamed. No respiratory signs were detected at first. In addition, no alterations were detected during. During orthopaedic, neurologic, ophthalmologic and radiographic examinations. Parasitological pharyngeal and faecal examination revealed Capillaria spp. and Serratospiculum spp. eggs. The therapeutic scheme included stress reduction, supportive therapy with fluids, antifungals, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic agents and nutritional management. Cleaning with dishwashing gel to remove the biological waste took place, but its removal was partial. Despite the intensive care, the patient developed respiratory distress and succumbed on the fifth day of hospitalization. Pathological examination revealed adult Serratospiculum tendo parasites in the air sacs and Capillaria spp. in the large intestine. Bacteriological and mycological cultures revealed significant growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the skin, heart, lung, liver, kidney and intestine and a mild presence of Candida albicans in the large intestine. Their probable role was judged as secondary. Mild multifocal haemorrhages with heterophilic and lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, fibrin and rod‑like bacteria were detected in the skin histopathologically, confirming the clinical integument inflammation. Cause of death was asphyxia caused by oedema, haemorrhages and blood congestion of the lung. The contribution of S. tendo in the initial spill event and case evolution is discussed. This unusual case highlights the complexity of the wildlife cases, with which avian or small animal clinicians (consulting rehabilitation centres or falconers) might be confronted. Although the application of ancillary  and advanced diagnostic tools, the in-depth knowledge of the species and the intensive monitoring are important, this might lead to an unrewarding outcome. Financial constraints in wildlife casualty cases urge the critical choice of diagnostic, therapeutic and post-mortem laboratory testing. Serratospiculum tendo should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute respiratory distress in free-living peregrine falcons, presented in rehabilitation centres or in private practise by falconers in Greece and Europe.
Morphometric evaluation of relevant radiographic parameters of the forefeet of clinically normal donkeys (Equus αsinus)
Authors: EL-SHAFAEY E. A. , SALEM M. G. , MOSBAH E. , ZAGHLOUL A. E.
Published: February 2018

This study provides a standard database of morphometric evaluation of the digital bone and hoof parameters of the forefeet of clinically normal donkeys using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) software programme, as a means to improve diagnosis and clinical decision-making regarding foot lameness in equine practice. Thirty orthopedically sound donkeys were included in this study. For each donkey forefoot, lateromedial (LM) and dorsopalmar (DP) radiographs were obtained with the foot in a vertical position. A total of 26 digital bone and hoof parameters obtained from the LM and DP radiographs were evaluated through repeated measurements of the same digitalized radiograph by three operators using DICOM software. Data of the morphometric radiographic parameters of the forefeet were statistically analyzed for the frequency distribution and calculation of the intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation (CVs) of the reproducibility of the measured parameters. Mean ± SD of digital bone and hoof parameters were significantly different among the measurements obtained for the 26 parameters. However, intra-assay and interassay CVs for digital bone and hoof parameters measurements did not differ significantly between the three examiners. In conclusion, morphometric evaluation of the radiographic parameters of the forefeet in clinically normal donkeys, establishes a reference data base correspondingly for the donkey different to those accepted for the horse.
Interspecies transmission of Rotaviruses among ruminants, dogs and humans: Current facts and remarks
Authors: VALIAKOS G. , CHATZOPOULOS D. C. , TSOKANA C. N.
Published: February 2018

Rotaviruses are considered to be a major cause of diarrhoea to humans as well as a wide variety of animals and may cause serious economic losses in livestock animals, especially swine and ruminants. This fact, along with the genetic diversity that characterizes members of the Rotavirus group, raised concerns regarding the potential of virus interspecies transmission among various species of animals and humans. Regarding the presence and the epidemiology of Rotaviruses in ruminants in association with closely related humans and dogs, research is limited and few data have been presented in recent years. In this review we present all the latest information regarding the distribution of genotypes of Rotavirus strains in ruminants, dogs and humans.
Perinephric pseudocyst in a cat: management by ultrasound-guided drainage
Authors: ADAMAMA-MORAITOU K. K. , PARDALI D. , VAFIADIS I. , PATSIKAS M. N. , PRASSINOS N. N.
Published: February 2018

A 15-year-old castrated DSH cat was presented with a sudden onset of abdominal distension of 10 days duration. Polyuria/polydipsia, sporadic vomiting and weight loss were also mentioned by the owners. Distension of the cranial abdomen was observed on admission, and two smooth masses were palpated in the abdomen. Mild anemia and azotemia were detected on hematological and biochemical testing. Plain lateral and dorsoventral radiographic views of the abdomen were compatible with renomegaly. Ultrasonography revealed the presence of fluid surrounding both kidneys, and analysis of the accumulated fluid confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral subcapsular transudative perinephric (perirenal) pseudocysts. The precise etiology of pseudocysts formation in our cat could not be identified. Emphasis is placed on their development, due to the coexisting chronic kidney disease, but also to other causes. Although surgical or laparoscopical resection of the cyst wall is generally recommended, owners of this cat elected periodical ultrasound-guided drainage of the perinephric fluid. This might be a reasonable decision, due to its advanced age and the macroconcurrent moderate chronic kidney disease. The long term outcome was favorable, with permanent remission of the perinephric pseudocysts after only three evacuations. The cat died, approximately 20 months after the initial presentation, due to deterioration of chronic kidney disease, and perinephric pseudocysts could not be detected clinically at that time.
Tenacibaculosis in aquaculture farmed marine fish
Authors: GOURZIOTI (Ε. ΓΟΥΡΖΙΩΤΗ) E. , KOLYGAS (M.N. ΚΟΛΥΓΑΣ) M. N. , ATHANASSOPOULOU (Φ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) F. , BABILI (Β. ΜΠΑΜΠΙΛΗ) V.
Published: February 2018

Tenacibaculosis is a limiting factor of the culture of many farmed marine fish worldwide. In marine fish species, the main etiological agent of the disease is the bacterium Tenacibaculum maritinun. The disease is responsible for high mortalities in intensive aquaculture farms. The infection can cause external pathological signs and lesions to the fish, such as ulcers, hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions on the skin, fins and tail, hemorrhagic stomatitis and corrosion of the tail and fins. In the present review information is provided regarding Tenacibaculum maritinun strains that infect farmed marine fish, the disease, the causative agent, host species, clinical symptoms, methods of diagnosis, pathogenesis of infection, the treatment and prevention of the disease.
The Art of War: harnessing the epigenome against cancer
Authors: Nye Jonathan , Melters Daniël P. , Dalal Yamini
Published: February 2018

Histone chaperones are indispensable regulators of chromatin structure and function. Recent work has shown that they are frequently mis-regulated in cancer, which can have profound consequences on tumor growth and survival. Here, we focus on chaperones for the essential H3 histone variants H3.3 and CENP-A, specifically HIRA, DAXX/ATRX, DEK, and HJURP. This review summarizes recent studies elucidating their roles in regulating chromatin and discusses how cancer-specific chromatin interactions can be exploited to target cancer cells.
КЛАСТЕРЫ: ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПРИРОДА И ОСНОВНЫЕ РАЗНОВИДНОСТИ
Authors: Solopova Nadezhda Vladimirovna
Published: February 2018

В эпоху глобализации экономики в разных странах мира, и с развитой экономикой, и только развивающихся, широко распространено создание кластеров. Образование кластера дает возможность входящим в него предприятиям использовать потенциал новых технологий, увеличивать сферу своей деятельности, развивать деловые отношения с интересующими партнерами, привлечь грамотных квалифицированных работников. Применение в экономике региона кластерного подхода даст возможность повысить конкурентоспособность региона, отрасли, и государства. В статье приведены определения кластера, предложенные зарубежными и отечественными учеными, рассмотрены виды и классификация кластеров. Представлено авторское определение кластера.Цель – уточнить организационно-экономическую природу кластера на основе анализа существующих подходов к ее определению.Метод и методология проведения работы: статья носит обзорный характер и демонстрирует различные взгляды на исследуемую проблему.Результаты: уточнение понятия «кластер».Область применения результатов: представленная информация дает познавательно-обучающийся обзор теории кластеров, применима для обучения в учебных учреждениях по экономическим направлениям, а также для лиц заинтересованных в создании кластера.