bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor Unions and Workplace Safety
Authors: Li Ling , Rohlin Shawn , Singleton Perry
Published: September 2020

The authors examine the effect of labor unions on workplace safety. For identification, they exploit the timing and outcome of union elections, using establishments in which elections narrowly fail as a comparison group for establishments in which elections narrowly pass. Data on elections come from the National Labor Relations Board, and data on workplace safety come from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The results indicate that unionization had no detectable effect on accident case rates at the mean, but shifted downward the case-rate distribution below 2 cases per 100 full-time equivalent workers annually. The downward shift is most evident among larger bargaining units and manufacturing establishments. Results at the higher end of case-rate distribution are inconclusive.
Gauging Class and Caste differences in Mortality: The Indian Experience
Authors: Mishra Udaya S ,   Rinju , Panda Basant Kumar
Published: September 2020

This study is an exposition of class-caste based differences in mortality experience based on an indicator called household prevalence of death. It involves 75,432 death cases collected in National Family Health Survey-4, analysed using Relative Deprivation Index (RDI). We found, the prevalence of death found to be 11.8% in India, which varies across states and social and economic groups. The RDI values depict that the poorer households along with social group identities like schedule tribe and schedule caste households displayed a uniform disadvantage as regarding mortality across many states. The analysis offers evidence on differential experience of mortality across socio-economic identities. The evidence suggests poorer states having a marked disadvantage along with social and economic classes.
Challenging Adultism: Centering Youth as Educational Decision Makers
Authors: Bertrand Melanie , Brooks Maneka Deanna , Domínguez Ashley D.
Published: September 2020

Research indicates that youth, especially those facing injustice, such as youth of Color in urban settings, are essential participants in educational decision-making. However, due to adultism and intersecting forms of oppression, their inclusion is not the norm. Grounded in the concept of adultism and the tradition of storytelling, we address the following question: How can educational researchers and practitioners challenge the adultism that constrains youth’s participation in school- and district-level educational decision-making? We share stories about our experiences in urban schools, considering adultism at the interactional, institutional, and curricular levels. Our implications center on using critical reflexivity to challenge adultism.
From Neighbors to Partners: The Adoption of Interlocal Government Collaboration in the United States, 1977–2007
Authors: Rubado Meghan E.
Published: September 2020

Local governments in the United States frequently collaborate with neighboring localities for service provision despite the high costs of this strategy. Using the Institutional Collective Action (ICA) framework, this article argues that a key explanation of interlocal collaboration lies in the way local leaders learn from the behavior of neighboring jurisdictions that collaborate, which alters the transaction costs of their own potential collaborations. Using a data set of financial transfers for 35,000 jurisdictions over a 30-year span, the article shows that localities are more likely to collaborate when a larger share of their neighbors collaborated in the past.
Engaging Students in a Research Methods Writing Lab Online
Authors: Rice Lindsay , Alquist Jessica L. , Penuliar Michael , Donato Francesco V. , Price Mindi M.
Published: September 2020

Courses including lab- or experiential-based learning may shy away from an online lab format. Using an empirically driven approach, an online research methods in psychology lab section was developed and compared to a face-to-face lab section. Results indicated that there were no differences in student knowledge regarding the American Psychological Association style and in the quality of the term papers (as evaluated by independent coders). Although students did not know whether they would be in a face-to-face or online lab when they enrolled, at the end of the semester, students expressed a preference for the style of lab in which they were enrolled. Recommendations for presenting labs or experiential learning content in an online format are discussed.
No Disrespect: Student and Faculty Perceptions of the Qualities of Ineffective Teachers
Authors: Zayac Ryan M. , Poole Bryan D. , Gray Chance , Sargent Mary , Paulk Amber , Haynes Elise
Published: September 2020

Research examining excellence in teaching is extensive. Nevertheless, research examining the inverse—what constitutes poor or ineffective teaching—has not been as systematic. The current research addresses this gap in the literature by examining student and faculty perceptions of the qualities and behaviors of ineffective teachers. Students and faculty identified being disrespectful as the number one perceived quality of ineffective teachers. Both groups of respondents also agreed that having weak rapport was indicative of ineffective teachers. Overall, students had a tendency to focus more on the social aspects of the student–teacher relationship, whereas faculty focused more on professional competencies. These findings provide additional support on teaching misbehaviors to avoid both in and outside of the classroom.
Mutual affordances: the dynamics between social media and populism
Authors: Hopster Jeroen
Published: September 2020

In a recent contribution to this journal Paolo Gerbaudo has argued that an ‘elective affinity’ exists between social media and populism. The present article expands on Gerbaudo’s argument and examines various dimensions of this affinity in further detail. It argues that it is helpful to conceptually reframe the proposed affinity in terms of affordances. Four affordances are identified which make the social media ecology relatively favourable to both-right as well as left-wing populism, compared to the pre-social media ecology. These affordances are neither stable nor uniquely fixed: they change in concordance with ongoing technological developments and in response to political events. Even though these dynamics can be quick-moving, a fairly stable alliance of interests between social media and populism seems to have emerged over the last decade. This raises the plausibility that as long as the current social media ecology persists, populist tendencies will remain prevalent in politics.
Expression of Notch–Hif-1α signaling pathway in liver regeneration of rats
Authors: Li Yanshan , Xu Yunxiuxiu , Wang Ruomei , Li Wenxin , He Wenguang , Luo Xinxi , Ye Yibiao
Published: September 2020

Objective

To investigate whether the Notch–Hif-1α signaling pathway is involved in liver regeneration.

Methods

Rats were divided into two groups and treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of saline (control) or the gamma-secretase inhibitor, Fli-06, for 2 days. Two-thirds of the rat livers were resected and rats were later euthanized at specific time points post-resection to analyze the remnant livers. Each group's liver/body weight ratio was calculated, and immunostaining and western blotting were used to determine the cell proliferation marker, PCNA and Ki-67 expression. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to compare the mRNA expression of Notch homolog-1 ( Notch1), hairy and enhancer of split-1 ( Hes1), and vascular endothelial growth factor ( Vegf), and the protein expression of NICD and HIF-1α, respectively.

Results

The liver/body weight ratios and number of Ki-67- and PCNA-positive cells were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group, indicating lower levels of liver regeneration following the disruption of Notch signaling by Fli-06. The Hes1 and Vegf mRNA levels and NICD and HIF-1α protein expression levels were all down-regulated by Fli-06 treatment.

Conclusion

Notch–Hif-α signaling pathway activation plays an important role in liver regeneration, where it may contribute toward liver cell proliferation.
Physical performance and activity among older adults visiting primary healthcare centres in Riyadh
Authors: Bindawas Saad M. , Vennu Vishal , Alqarni Ayidh M. , Abdulrahman Tariq A.
Published: September 2020

Objective

To assess physical performance (PP) and physical activity (PA) among older adults visiting primary healthcare centres (PHCCs) in Riyadh.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, men and women (n = 74) aged ≥60 years were recruited from five PHCCs across Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 19 February and 6 August 2017. The Timed Up & Go test was used to assess PP. Self-reported PA was assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Means and standard deviations were used to describe PP and PA scores across genders. A two-tailed independent samples t-test was used to estimate mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between genders.

Results

Men scored significantly lower than women on PP (MD: 2.11, 95% CI: 0.59 to 3.64) and PA (MD: −46.1, 95% CI: −80.96 to −11.25). Significant gender differences were observed for leisure time activities (MD: 17.35, 95% CI: 3.29 to 31.40), light household activities (MD: –10.86, 95% CI: –16.19 to –5.53) and heavy household activities (MD: –6.48, 95% CI: –11.73 to –1.23).

Conclusions

Men show significantly lower PP and PA than women. There are gender differences in leisure time activities and in light and heavy household activities.
Relationship between aortic valve stenosis and the hemodynamic pattern in the renal circulation, and restoration of the flow wave profile after correction of the valvular defect
Authors: Bardelli Moreno , Cavressi Monica , Furlanis Giulia , Pinamonti Bruno , Leone Mariafontana , Albani Stefano , Korcova Renata , Fabris Bruno , Sinagra Gianfranco
Published: September 2020

Objective

The index of maximal systolic acceleration ([AImax]: maximal systolic acceleration of the Doppler waveform divided by peak systolic velocity) shows diagnostic accuracy in screening of renal artery stenosis. This study aimed to determine whether an upstream factor of resistance, such as aortic valve stenosis (AVS), can affect Doppler parameters detected in the peripheral arteries.

Methods

In this prospective study, we measured the AImax in non-stenotic renal interlobar arteries of 62 patients with AVS. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of severity of valvulopathy as follows: mild-to-moderate AVS (M-AVS; n = 24), intermediate AVS (I-AVS; n = 15), and severe AVS (S-AVS; n = 23) based on Nishimura’s criteria.

Results

The AImax in the renal parenchymal arteries was significantly lower in the S-AVS group (8.9 ± 3.6 s−1) than in the M-AVS (15.3 ± 3.8 s−1) and I-AVS groups (16.7 ± 5.2 s−1). The AImax was positively correlated with the aortic valve area and inversely correlated with the tranvalvular aortic pressure gradient. After aortic valve replacement, the AImax significantly increased from 10.7 ± 4.0 s−1 at baseline to 19.3 ± 4.4 s−1.

Conclusions

Proximal resistance can lead to diagnostic bias of Doppler parameters that are applied in the diagnosis of peripheral vasculopathies, particularly in renal artery stenosis.
Constitutive modelling of the mechanical response of a polycaprolactone based polyurethane elastomer: Finite element analysis and experimental validation through a bulge test
Authors: Rull Nahuel , Basnayake Asanka , Heitzmann Michael , Frontini Patricia M.
Published: September 2020

The mechanical behaviour of a high performance polycaprolactone based polyurethane elastomer (PCL) up to large strain levels, cyclic loading and equibiaxial stress has been assessed. The PCL can be categorised as a rubber-like material, thus, showing nonlinear stress-strain behaviour. The materials elastic network is based on a high molecular weight PCL polyol which gives the material its elastomeric behaviour similar to polyurethanes. In this work, mechanical testing capturing the major features of the stress-strain curve under different loading conditions is performed. Both, uni-axial loading-unloading curves and bulge test are thoroughly studied through the addition of digital image correlation (DIC) to measure the strain field. Results show the presence of hysteresis and loading configuration dependence. Then, two well-known hyperelastic constitutive models, the Arruda-Boyce eight-chain and Bergström-Boyce, were fitted to the uni-axial monotonic and cyclic test data and compared to the bulge test experimental results through finite element analysis (FEA) in Abaqus.
The Incidence of Kaplan Fiber Injury Associated With Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Marom Niv , Greditzer Harry G. , Roux Michael , Ling Daphne , Boyle Caroline , Pearle Andrew D. , Marx Robert G.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Kaplan fibers are distinct deep layers of the distal iliotibial band (ITB) that anchor the ITB to the distal femur and have a role in rotational stability of the knee. However, the incidence of Kaplan fiber injury in the setting of acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is unknown.

Purpose:

To determine the reliability of identifying and evaluating Kaplan fibers on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations based on previously reported characteristics and to report on the incidence of combined ACL and Kaplan fiber injuries based on MRI examinations.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients with an acute primary ACL tear who obtained a postinjury MRI scan at our institution and were treated with ACL reconstruction between January 1, 2007, and May 31, 2012, were identified from an institutional registry. Each patient’s postinjury MRI scan was reviewed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists, who identified Kaplan fibers and graded them as intact, injured, or not visualized. Intrarater reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and interrater reliability was measured using the kappa statistic.

Results:

A total of 72 patients were identified. For the proximal Kaplan fibers, 50% versus 58% were identified as injured, 32% versus 29% were identified as intact, and 18% versus 13% were not visualized by radiologist 1 and 2, respectively. For the distal Kaplan fibers, 46% versus 60% were identified as injured, 43% versus 28% were identified as intact, and 11% versus 12% were not visualized by radiologist 1 and 2, respectively. The ICC intrarater reliability measurements were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83-0.93) for proximal Kaplan fibers and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.51-0.78) for distal Kaplan fibers. The interrater reliability measurements for both radiologists showed substantial agreement (kappa = 0.7) for proximal Kaplan fibers and moderate agreement (kappa = 0.51) for distal Kaplan fibers.

Conclusion:

Kaplan fibers were visualized on MRI studies in the majority of cases, with substantial reliability for the proximal fibers and moderate reliability for the distal fibers. There was an associated injury to either the proximal or distal or both Kaplan fibers in the majority of acute primary ACL tears.
Stable Jobs or iPhones? The Dilemma of Innovation in Socialism
Authors: Tudoreanu Mihnea , Kotz David M.
Published: September 2020

Perhaps the greatest strength of capitalism has been its ability to promote sustained technological progress. A viable socialism must also promote sustained technological progress while avoiding the problems associated with technological change under capitalism. Socialism faces a fundamental dilemma regarding technological change and job security in that technological progress is inherently disruptive. As old technologies are superseded, product lines become obsolete, production processes are changed, and certain kinds of jobs are no longer needed. Thus, technological progress creates insecurity for jobholders. Even with an employment guarantee, the loss of one’s job may require retraining, changing careers, or moving to a new location. In this paper, we propose means for promoting technological advance under planned socialism while also providing meaningful employment security.
Control Balance, Personality Traits, Attachment, and Communication Styles Associated with Stalking
Authors: Sciarrotta Danika R. , Martin Luci A. , Rogers Richard
Published: September 2020

Stalking is associated with negative occupational, physical, social, and psychological consequences, yet little is known about who is at risk of being stalked. The purpose of the current study was to determine if individuals with experiences of being stalked have unique personality traits, attachment, and communication styles. Participants ( N = 180; 78% female, mean age = 24, SD = 8.18) completed an online, self-report survey utilizing a cross-sectional, correlational design. Results indicated that 21% ( N = 38) of participants reported experiences of being stalked. Those who had experienced stalking had a higher control deficit ( t = 3.99, p = .000), higher control surplus ( t = 2.14, p = .03), and lower general health scores ( t = –2.50, p = .01), as compared to participants who had not experienced stalking. Results also showed that those who had experienced stalking possessed higher scores of openness ( F = 5.41, p = .021), neuroticism ( F = 5.29, p = .023), and motivation to defer to a dominant partner ( F = 46.79, p = .000). A logistic regression revealed that higher scores on neuroticism, motivation to defer to a dominant partner, and extroversion were associated with an increased risk of being stalked, whereas higher scores on interpersonal deference, disequilibrium, and agreeableness decreased college students’ risk of being stalked (χ2 (11, N = 180) = 67.34, p < .001). Findings provide information that may be used to decrease the prevalence of stalking victimization and inform clinical treatment for victims of this crime.
Explaining Animal Abuse Among Adolescents: The Role of Speciesism
Authors: Bègue Laurent
Published: September 2020

Animal abuse is considered a significant marker of violence towards humans, and understanding its determinants is important. In this first large-scale survey on adolescent animal abuse carried out in France, we introduced and tested the relative explanatory power of a new variable potentially involved in animal abuse: speciesism, defined as the belief that humans are intrinsically more valuable than individuals of other species. In a school sample composed of 12,344 participants aged 13–18 years, we observed that 7.3% of participants admitted having perpetrated animal abuse. Consistent with existing studies, cats and dogs were the animals most often abused. Animal abuse was a solitary behavior approximately half of the time, and in 25% of instances it involved only another person. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that animal abuse was more frequent among males and that it occurred more often among adolescents with less positive family climate, lower support from friends, lower attachment to school, and with higher anxio-depressive symptomatology. As implied by the generalized deviance hypothesis, animal abuse was related to more deviant behavior such as drunkenness and bullying. Moreover, this study showed for the first time that animal abuse was higher among adolescents who endorsed speciesist attitudes. These results suggest that beyond psychopathological factors, normative beliefs regarding the value of animals and their human use may also be involved in animal mistreatment.
Unpacking the Meaning of Work for Individuals Living With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Millner Uma Chandrika , Rogers Erna Sally , Bloch Philippe , Costa William , Pritchett Sharon , Woods Tracy , Teixeira Carina , Hintz Kathryn
Published: September 2020

Individuals diagnosed with serious mental illnesses continue to experience work-related disparities despite the existence of evidence-based practices. Understanding the meaning of work among these individuals is key to developing interventions grounded in career development theory and practice. This qualitative inquiry adapted a consensual qualitative research approach and utilized a participatory component to conduct an in-depth exploration of the meaning of work among a national sample of young adults and older adults living with serious mental illness. The psychology of working perspective was applied to the results after analyses. Results revealed categories that clustered within four overarching domains pertaining to work as central to survival, social connectedness, self-determination, and mental health recovery as proposed by the theory. Implications for services, research, and policy are discussed.
The Role of Novel Bone Forming Agents in the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Authors: Patel Hansita B. , Lyerly Lynsie J. , Horlen Cheryl K.
Published: September 2020

Osteoporosis is a growing epidemic that leads to significant morbidity and mortality among the elderly population due to associated fractures that lead to disabilities and reduced quality of life. Bisphosphonates are well-established as a first-line and cost-effective treatment for osteoporosis. Unfortunately, clinicians are often uncertain as to how to select treatments when bisphosphonates are ineffective as initial treatment or contraindicated. Romosozumab and abaloparatide are 2 alternative agents that have been recently FDA approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk for fracture or patients who have failed or are intolerant to other osteoporosis therapies. Currently, the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) has no formal recommendations in regard to these 2 novel agents. The purpose of this review is to help guide pharmacists on how to ensure appropriate utilization of these 2 novel bone-forming agents as potential alternatives to bisphosphonate therapy by providing evidence-based recommendations according to the current literature and key counseling points.
A taxonomical model of general human and generic life skills
Authors: Bertelsen Preben
Published: September 2020

The aim of this article is to deal with the lack of concreteness in current theories about life projects and solution-focused activities regarding the capabilities and life skills through which such prospective life activities may be performed. A taxonomical model of domain- and level-specific generic and general human life task/life skill units will be outlined. This model is rooted in social and psychological domains given by prototypical theories in the field, and the article discusses how such a model, if implemented as an intervention tool in education, mentoring and counseling, may help avoid the pitfalls of ontological reductionism, system colonization, and essentialism.
Post-Brexit: Untangling the fishing mesh
Authors: van Rijn Thomas , Wakefield Jill
Published: September 2020

Fisheries is one of the key issues in the negotiations for an agreement between the UK and the EU on their future relationship. At the end of the transition period, the UK will have full sovereignty over its waters but the EU is demanding the continuation of the existing pattern of fishing as far as possible. This article untangles the different elements of the issue. It demonstrates the international legal requirements for the regulation of fishing that will have to be met by the UK. To meet its obligations with regard to access to and use of fish resources under international law, a close cooperation with the EU and other neighbouring countries will be necessary. As the EU negotiation position links a free trade agreement with an agreement on fisheries while the UK is seeking discrete trade and fisheries agreements, the position at the end of 2020 is very uncertain. The problems regarding the trade in fish and fishery products, customs duties and sanitary product standards will be examined. EU provisions on environmental standards and marine protected areas will in principle no longer be applicable in the UK, but marine environmental protection is an obligation of international law so the protection of the marine environment and ecosystems in UK waters post-Brexit will be considered. We conclude by considering whether Brexit will deliver anticipated benefits.
Using Picture Books as a Tool for Creating a Culturally Inclusive Elementary Music Classroom
Authors: Hall Suzanne
Published: September 2020

The use of picture books in the elementary music classroom not only promotes imaginative play but also contributes to exposure and involvement in the dramatic arts. Picture books can also assist teachers and students in developing cultural knowledge and help promote inclusivity in a meaningful way within the classroom. The inclusion of ethnically diverse children’s literature, in tandem with music activities and experiences, can cultivate an environment where students see themselves. Mini-lessons presented in the article offer examples of music and literature activities that reflect the various cultures that make up today’s classroom.
Detection and evaluation of barely visible impact damage in woven glass fabric reinforced polyamide 6.6/6 composite using ultrasonic imaging, X-ray tomography and optical profilometry
Authors: Miqoi N , Pomarede P , Meraghni F , Declercq NF , Guillaumat L , Le Coz G , Delalande S
Published: September 2020

The present experimental work investigates the response of woven glass fabric reinforced polyamide 6.6/6 subjected to drop weight impact loading. The main objective is the development and the introduction of a new experimental procedure/approach, based on different complementary detection techniques, that aims at investigating the damage induced by impact loading in thermoplastic woven fabric composites. The developed approach is intended to be generalized to other types of composite materials. The main idea is to assess all the experimental results obtained through the developed procedure with a direct investigation method. The latter consists in the Permanent Indentation (PI) measurement providing an indicator of the damage criticality in the composite sample. To this end, several non-destructive testing methods are carried-out and their experimental findings are analyzed and cross-linked. The identification of the different damage mechanisms, caused by the drop weight impact, is performed using X-Ray micro-computed tomography (µCT). C-scan ultrasonic investigation is conducted according to two types: transmission and reflection for the detection of the impact damage and the identification of the induced degradation area. B-scan imaging are then obtained through specific post-processing of the impacted surface to extract the permanent indentation (PI). The latter is validated through surface flatness measurement using the highly resolved 3D optical profilometry. The correlation between the X-Ray tomography results and the permanent indentation measurement is then established. It correlates the PI level with the damage mechanisms of a barely visible impact damage (BVID) in woven glass reinforced polyamide 6.6/6 composite.
The Association of ICH Exclusion Criteria With Mortality and Disability Rates in ICH Patients Receiving 4F-PCC for Anticoagulation Reversal
Authors: Zaeem Maryam , Porter Blake A. , Delibert Samantha , Jones Courtney M. C. , Acquisto Nicole M.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) exclusion criteria in the landmark four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) trial have not been incorporated into clinical practice and incremental predictive ability is unknown.

Objectives:

Evaluate the association of meeting at least 1 ICH exclusion criterion with the composite end point in-hospital mortality and modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 5 or 6. Determine the number and combination of criteria associated with poor outcomes.

Methods:

Retrospective review of adult ICH patients who received 4F-PCC for anticoagulant reversal. Patient demographics, ICH exclusion criteria, in-hospital mortality, disability, and disposition were collected. χ2 Analysis and logistic regression were used to assess differences between patients with and without ICH exclusion criteria.

Results:

Data from 167 patients were analyzed: 103 (61.7%) met at least 1 ICH exclusion criterion. The composite end point occurred more in those with at least 1 ICH exclusion criterion (74.8% vs 39%; P < 0.0001). Presence of 2 or more ICH exclusion criteria was associated with higher odds of the composite end point, higher mRS score, and long-term care facility disposition ( P < 0.0001). Glasgow Coma Scale score <7 and at least 1 other ICH exclusion criterion had negative effects on composite end point and mortality: 95% to 100% and 85% to 100%, respectively.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Patients meeting at least 1 ICH exclusion criterion had greater death/disability compared with those who did not. More ICH exclusion criteria were associated with higher rates of death, disability, and worse disposition. These data may aid in developing optimal 4F-PCC use criteria.
Logged in While Locked Down: Exploring the Influence of Digital Technologies in the Time of Corona
Authors: Thorndahl Kathrine Liedtke , Frandsen Lasse Nørgaard
Published: September 2020

Based on a collaborative endeavor, we present an autoethnographic textual collage of three fictionalized narrative accounts produced as a result of an amalgam of personal experiences encountered during the corona pandemic. The narrative accounts serve as illustrating examples of and critical reflections on how the pandemic and the increased use of digital technologies during the pandemic have affected the experience of reality and (trans)formed thinking and social relations alike. The crisis invites us to reflect on how the current confinement saturated with the ubiquitous presence and influence of digital technologies can be used as an occasion for large-scale reflections.
Effects of particle size on structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of potato residue from starch isolation and quality characteristics of residue-based starch noodles
Authors: Waliullah Md. Hasan , Mu Taihua , Ma Mengmei , Chen Jingwang
Published: September 2020

The structural, physicochemical, and functional properties of potato residue with different mesh sizes (<180 µm, <150 µm, <106 µm, <75 µm, ultrafine) obtained from starch isolation were investigated, and its effects on the shear strength, tensile strength, cooking time, and in vitro digestibility of 5% potato residue-based starch noodles were further compared. The results showed that the protein, ash, dietary fiber, water holding capacity, and water solubility of fractionated potato residue were decreased with decreasing particle size, while the starch, fat, polyphenols, and α-amylase activity inhibition ratio were increased. Ultrafine particles exhibited the highest phenolic content (2.26 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent/g), glucose adsorption capacity (7.03 mmol/g), cholesterol adsorption capacity (16.54%), and better performance on starch noodles formulation. However, oil holding capacity and microstructure did not show any significant differences. Therefore, potato residues with desired particle sizes could be successfully used to develop fiber-enriched food products for reducing food waste.
Thrombosis of the Renal Vein and Inferior Vena Cava Associated With Placental Fetal Vascular Malperfusion in a Neonate Exposed to Methadone Maintenance Therapy In Utero
Authors: Guerrero J C , Kim Joseph , Santi Mariarita , Ruchelli Eduardo , Carreon Chrystalle Katte
Published: September 2020

Methadone, an opioid agonist, is the recommended treatment for pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD). Fetal/neonatal autopsy findings as well as placental changes in the setting of maternal OUD or methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) are not well-characterized. Here we present a case of a neonate who had exposure to MMT while in utero and died shortly after birth and was subsequently found to have multifocal calcified renal vein thrombosis, a recent inferior vena cava thrombus, and placental features of fetal vascular malperfusion at autopsy.
Being a social worker in the unrecognized villages in Israel
Authors: Alhuzail Nuzha Allassad , Ibrahim Mahajne
Published: September 2020

This qualitative study presents the experiences of social workers whose clients are the inhabitants of unrecognized Bedouin Arab villages in Israel. Bedouin Arabs are an indigenous people, a minority population residing throughout Israel. Half of those in the south of the country inhabit villages that are not recognized by the authorities. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted over two years by both researchers with 25 social workers, recruited by the snowball method. The interview guidelines included one open-ended question and 10 more-specific questions.

Findings

The findings provide perspectives on postcolonial social work and social work with indigenous peoples. The social workers report that they are caught between their personal values and professional values, between Israeli law and the institutional aggression against their clients –which greatly limits their ability to fulfil their professional role. They say they are working in a “grey area” in which the policy is unclear. This adds another layer of complexity to their work but also allows for freedom and creativity. The findings point to a lack of suitable intervention programs.

Applications

Learning about the experience of social workers in conflict areas Learning about the experience of social workers in a clash of values Learning about the significance of unclear policy and its implications for the functioning of social workers in conflict areas.
Justice & its motives: On Peter Vanderschraaf’s Strategic Justice
Authors: Weithman Paul
Published: September 2020

Peter Vanderschraaf’s Strategic Justice is a powerful elaboration and defense of what he calls ‘justice as mutual advantage’. Vanderschraaf opens Strategic Justice by observing that ‘Plato set a template for all future philosophers by raising two interrelated questions: (1) What precisely is justice? (2) Why should one be just?’. He answers that (1) justice consists of conventions which (2) are followed because each sees that doing so is in her interest. These answers depend upon two conditions which Vanderschraaf calls Baseline Consistency and Negative Mutual Expectations. I contend that the plausibility of the first condition depends upon principles which are prior to Vanderchraaf’s conventions of justice and that the second condition does not account for the interest Vanderschraaf must think we take in those principles. I therefore worry that Vanderschraaf does what he accuses other theorists of justice as mutual advantage of doing: going outside the bounds of justice as mutual advantage. To lay the groundwork for his conditions, Vanderschraaf analyzes the circumstances of justice. I argue that, his claims to the contrary notwithstanding, he does not take the circumstances to be the kind of conditions Hume takes them to be, but that he has good reason to do so.
Dual cantilever creep and recovery behavior of sisal/hemp fibre reinforced hybrid biocomposites: Effects of layering sequence, accelerated weathering and temperature
Authors: Senthilkumar K , Subramaniam S , Ungtrakul Thitinun , Kumar T Senthil Muthu , Chandrasekar M , Rajini N , Siengchin Suchart , Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar
Published: September 2020

In this work, the influence of weathering on the creep behavior of the sisal (SSSS), hemp (HHHH), and their hybrid composites (HSSH, and HSHS) was investigated. Composites were exposed to accelerated weathering for 2222 h, which replicates conditions equivalent to 1 year of outdoor exposure. Bio-epoxy based composites were fabricated by the hot press technique. Creep study was performed in a dynamic mechanical analyzer under the dual cantilever creep mode at 30 °C and 50 °C testing temperature under a load of 5 N. The creep-recovery behavior of the weathered composite specimens was evaluated and compared with the unweathered specimens. The investigation revealed that creep strain decreased with the incorporation of the sisal and hemp fibres into the bio-epoxy matrix. The experimental creep response of the composites was also in good agreement with the analytical results from Burger’s model. Both the weathering and testing conditions at elevated temperature (50 °C) had a significant impact on the creep resistance of the composites. The creep resistance of the hybrid composites was found to be dependent on the layering sequence. HSHS configuration almost displayed similar creep properties before and after weathering. HSSH configuration was found to have lower creep resistance after weathering. Scanning electron microscopy was used out to examine the fibre-matrix interface of the composites.
Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Single Case Study
Authors: Salvatore Giampaolo , Bianchi Lorena , Buonocore Luisa , Disturco Nadia , Macbeth Angus , Manfredi Nicoletta , Ottavi Paolo , Popolo Raffaele , Proto Maria Grazia , Dimaggio Giancarlo
Published: September 2020

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe disease, characterized by severe instabilities in identity, affect and relationships. Clinical improvement of BPD can be facilitated by psychotherapy aimed at tackling multiple specific cross-modality impairments and their patterns of interaction: impaired sense of self, maladaptive interpersonal schemas, impaired metacognition, emotion dysregulation and impulsivity. Herein, we describe the steps in the treatment of a young woman meeting the criteria for with BPD with paranoid traits, successfully treated with Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy, a treatment based on comprehensive assessment of domains. In the initial phase, treatment focused on promoting emotion regulation, integrating opposing patient representations of the therapist, enhancing metacognition, and increasing focus on the maladaptive schema that elicited dysregulated behaviors. Later in therapy, treatment focused on supporting the patient to realize her ideas about self and others were schema-driven; and improving metacognitive capacity to understand others’ minds. General implications for psychotherapy of BPD are discussed.
Impact of burner plenum acoustics on the sound emission of a turbulent lean premixed open flame
Authors: Herff S , Pausch K , Nawroth H , Schlimpert S , Paschereit CO , Schröder W
Published: September 2020

The acoustic field of a turbulent lean cpremixed open flame is numerically investigated by a hybrid method solving the Navier-Stokes equations in a large-eddy simulation formulation and the acoustic perturbation equations. The interaction of acoustic modes of a burner plenum and the turbulent flame is analyzed with respect to the sound emission of the flame. It is investigated if a simplified computation yields a good broadband agreement of the sound pressure spectrum with experimental measurements. The results of two numerical setups, i.e., the first configuration consists of the burner plus the plenum geometry while in the second configuration the plenum is neglected, which is often done in technical applications due to computational efficiency reasons, are compared with experimental findings. It can be concluded that the plenum has a pronounced impact on the dynamics and combustion noise of the open flame. To be more precise, the comparative juxtaposition of the numerical and experimental results shows a good agreement only for the full burner-plenum computation since the interaction of the acoustic quarter-wave modes of the burner plenum with the jet flow has to be captured. The interaction of these quarter-wave modes with the flow is analyzed and the acoustic response to heat release fluctuations of the flame of the full burner-plenum computation is compared to that of the simplified burner computation, in which the plenum acoustics is neglected. Due to the excitation by the plenum acoustics, the jet flow of the full burner plenum contains higher turbulent kinetic energy and the flame is excited at several additional frequencies which result in distinct peaks in the acoustic spectrum and a higher overall sound pressure level.
Three-dimensional analysis of lateral cortical hinge in medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy: A computational simulation study of adult cadavers
Authors: Jung Gu-Hee , Lee Kyung-Ho , Wang Lih
Published: September 2020

Purpose:

The objective of this study was to improve the three-dimensional (3D) understanding of optimal lateral cortical hinge in medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) via a computational cadaveric simulation of actual size.

Methods:

The computed tomography data of 117 adult cadavers were imported into Mimics® software to design 3D models of tibia and fibula. To simulate the MOWTHO, a virtual cutting plane was developed inside the safe zone based on established landmarks. After splitting and distracting through the cutting plane, the 10-mm cylinder (Ø 30 mm; height 10 mm) was placed vertically to be occupied properly in the nonosteotomized lateral cortex. The cross points between the round cylinder and cutting plane represented the anterior and posterior hinge points, which were used to validate the 3D position and direction of cortical hinge.

Results:

A 10-mm cylinder did not violate the proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) and the protruding segment of the condylar area was less than 2 mm in 115 models. The connecting line between anterior and posterior hinge points was an average of 12.1° (range 0–24.1°, SD 4.64) to the lateral side. In the nonoverlapping anteroposterior projection between proximal fibula and tibia, the posterior hinge point was laid over the PTFJ as close as possible. Based on free 360° rotation and magnification without any tilt, no posterior cortical disruption of PTFJ was observed while securing a minimum width of 10 mm.

Conclusion:

If the posterior hinge point was placed immediately above the PTFJ without involvement, the nonosteotomized portion carried sufficient width greater than 10 mm, despite lateral rotation at an average hinge direction of 12.1°.
Influence of Laser and Ozone Pretreatment on the Shear Bond Strength of Fissure Sealants: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Çelik Neslihan , Yapar Merve Is¸can , Karalar Buket , Kılıç Münevver
Published: September 2020

Aim:

To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of 3 fissure sealants used alone and with ozone and laser pretreatment.

Materials and Methods:

For the SBS test, the flattened enamel surfaces of 90 healthy third molars were randomly divided into nine groups ( n  =  10 for each groups), based on different sealants (BeautiSealant, Fuji Triage, and Grandio Seal) and pretreatment conditions (no pretreatment, pretreatment with ozone, and pretreatment with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet [Nd:YAG laser]). Ozone was applied for 30 s in caries superficial mode, and Nd:YAG laser was applied for 60 s. After the pretreatment procedures, sealants were placed inside a mold on the enamel surface. SBS was measured with a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were applied to determine the difference between the groups (α  = 0.05).

Results:

The lowest SBS was observed in the Fuji triage group. Nd:YAG laser and ozone did not affect the SBS of BeautiSealant. However, significant differences were determined in the Fuji triage and Grandio Seal groups after pretreatment procedures ( P  < .05).

Conclusion:

Ozone and laser can be employed to disinfect fissures before BeautiSealant application.
Formalizing a Residency Mentorship Program with a “Business of Medicine” Curriculum
Authors: Sampat Ajay , Larson Danielle , Culler George , Bega Danny
Published: September 2020

Background:

Mentorship is critical for achieving success in academic medicine and is also considered one of the core professional competencies for residency training. Despite its importance, there has been a decline in the mentor-mentee relationship, largely due to time constraints and lack of clear guidelines for productive discussions. We provide a mentorship curriculum with an easily adoptable workbook which may serve as a guide for programs seeking more formalized mentorship opportunities.

Methods:

We created a mentorship curriculum that was divided into 4 quarterly sessions, each with topics to facilitate career guidance and development, and to provide insight into the practical aspects of business of medicine. The mentorship pilot curriculum was implemented during the 2017 to 2018 academic year. Specific questions were provided to stimulate reflection and appropriate discussion between resident mentee and faculty mentor. A post-curriculum survey was distributed to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction of the curriculum.

Results:

A total of 23 residents participated in this pilot project. A majority had not had any formal teaching related to the business aspects of medicine (82%). Upon completion of the curriculum, most residents felt several topics were sufficiently covered, and a majority were satisfied with the course and relationship developed with their mentor (87%).

Conclusions:

Our pilot curriculum provides a model to address a knowledge gap in the practical aspects of medicine while simultaneously enhancing residency mentorship. The one-year course was generally well-received by residents and can serve as a model to other academic residency programs with similar challenges and goals.
High D-dimer plasma concentration in systemic sclerosis patients: Prevalence and association with vascular complications
Authors: Furtado Sofia , Dunogué Bertrand , Jourdi Georges , Chaigne Benjamin , Chibah Aziza , Legendre Paul , Mouthon Luc
Published: September 2020

Objective:

To determine the frequency of elevated D-dimer plasma concentration (>500 ng/mL) in patients with systemic sclerosis and evaluate its association with systemic sclerosis–specific microvascular and macrovascular complications.

Methods:

Retrospective observational study of patients with systemic sclerosis followed in a tertiary referral center with at least one measurement of D-dimer between 2010 and 2018.

Results:

A total of 214 patients were analyzed. Mean age at inclusion was 55.1 ± 14.7 years; 180 (84.1%) were female; 74 (34.6%) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Anti-Scl70 and anti-centromere antibodies were positive in 74 (34.6%) and 75 (35.0%) patients, respectively. D-dimer level was elevated in 93 (43.5%) patients, independently of cutaneous subtype (44.6% in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis vs 42.9% in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, p = 0.81). At least one microvascular complication was found in 108 (50.5%) patients: 105 (49.1%) with previous or current digital ulcers, 6 (2.8%) with renal crisis, and 4 (1.9%) with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Microvascular complications were more frequent in patients with elevated D-dimer (57.0% vs 45.5%, p = 0.09), significantly so after exclusion of patients with a history of cancer and/or venous thromboembolism (60.5% vs 44.8%, p = 0.04). Macrovascular complications were detected in 15 (7.0%) patients and were associated with a high D-dimer level (11.8% vs 3.3%, p = 0.03). Over a median follow-up of 2.3 years [1.1–3.3] after D-dimer measurement, new macrovascular complications occurred only in patients with high D-dimer (n = 8).

Conclusion:

High D-dimer levels are frequently found in systemic sclerosis patients and seem to be associated with the occurrence of macrovascular and microvascular complications after adjustment for confounding factors.
Book review: N. G. Jayal, A. Prakash and P. K. Sharma, Local Governance in India: Decentralization and Beyond
Authors: Husain Zeeshan
Published: September 2020

N. G. Jayal, A. Prakash and P. K. Sharma, Local Governance in India: Decentralization and Beyond. New Delhi: OUP, 2006, 426+XV pp., ₹695 (Hardcover). ISBN: 9780195692969.