bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the depth of trade agreements matter for trade in services?
Authors: Guillin Amelie , Rabaud Isabelle , Zaki Chahir
Published: September 2023

In recent years, deep trade agreements have spread around the world and gone beyond tariff reductions. We aim to test whether the depth of agreements fosters trade in services. To do so, we use a structural gravity‐type model and build new indicators of the depth of agreements based on the number of articles that are legally enforceable and that are related to trade in services. We show that, while only the deepest trade agreements raise trade in services, the quality of institution determines how deep agreements affect both the intensive (measured by the quantity of trade) and extensive margins of trade (measured by the number of service products exported and the share of the most exported service product in total services exports). This result is more pronounced for some service provisions and is robust after we control for the endogeneity of deep trade agreements. Finally, our results also hold for the Middle East and North Africa countries that we examine as an example of an emerging region that has a comparative advantage in services but whose most of the trade agreements are rather shallow.
Finite Element Simulation of Compressing an Additively Manufactured Mesostructure
Authors: Schmitz Anne
Published: September 2023

Numerical modeling is a useful approach for answering research questions that are either difficult or inefficient to answer experimentally. The goal of this study was to develop a validated numerical model of a stereolithography (SLA) manufactured mesostructure to predict compression behavior. A three-dimensional (3D) model was created for an 80 × 80 × 20 mm compression block. ANSYS was used to simulate compression testing of this structure. The lower plate of the structure was fixed while a vertical displacement was prescribed on the upper plate. The base material was modeled using a linearly elastic, isotropic material derived from Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio, and the ultimate tensile strength. The base material was varied to represent three different SLA polymers from Formlabs (i.e., three different models of the same geometrical structure). The shape of the force–displacement curves and compression force values agreed well between the model and previously collected experimental data. However, this agreement was limited to stiffer materials and only up to 10 mm of compression. This may be where the structure shifts from elastic to plastic behavior and some lattice structures fracture. This simulation tool can be used in the future to predict and optimize the behavior of this lattice structure but only while operating elastically.
Outlook on Industry-Academia-Government Collaborations Impacting Medical Device Innovation
Authors: Tanaka Martin L. , Lopez Orlando
Published: September 2023

The nature of collaborations between industry, academic, and government entities are discussed by the authors who together have significant experience in all three of these sectors. This article examines the intricacies and coordination needed between different stakeholder environments toward successful medical device innovation. The value of different types of collaboration models is illustrated through examples and the author's perspectives on current opportunities, challenges, and future outlook.
Comparison of Load-Sharing Responses Between Graded Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy and Conventional Fusion Using Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Yoganandan Narayan , Choi Hoon , Purushothaman Yuvaraj , Vedantam Aditya , Harinathan Balaji , Banerjee Anjishnu
Published: September 2023

Following the diagnosis of unilateral cervical radiculopathy and need for surgical intervention, anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (conventional fusion) and posterior cervical foraminotomy are common options. Although patient outcomes may be similar between the two procedures, their biomechanical effects have not been fully compared using a head-to-head approach, particularly, in relation to the amount of facet resection and internal load-sharing between spinal segments and components. The objective of this investigation was to compare load-sharing between conventional fusion and graded foraminotomy facet resections under physiological loading. A validated finite element model of the cervical spinal column was used in the study. The intact spine was modified to simulate the two procedures at the C5–C6 spinal segment. Flexion, extension, and lateral bending loads were applied to the intact, graded foraminotomy, and conventional fusion spines. Load-sharing was determined using range of motion data at the C5–C6 and immediate adjacent segments, facet loads at the three segments, and disk pressures at the adjacent segments. Results were normalized with respect to the intact spine to compare surgical options. Conventional fusion leads to increased motion, pressure, and facet loads at adjacent segments. Foraminotomy leads to increased motion and anterior loading at the index level, and motions decrease at adjacent levels. In extension, the left facet load decreases after foraminotomy. Recognizing that foraminotomy is a motion preserving alternative to conventional fusion, this study highlights various intrinsic biomechanical factors and potential instability issues with more than one-half facet resection.
Damage-Induced Softening of the Sclera: A Pseudo-Elastic Modeling Approach
Authors: Colmenarez Jose A. , Zhai Yingnan , Mendoza Valentina Ochoa , Dong Pengfei , Nunes Kenia , Suh Donny , Gu Linxia
Published: September 2023

The biomechanical properties of the sclera such as the stiffness, anisotropic behavior, and nonlinear stress–strain relationship have been extensively investigated for the pathogenesis study of ocular diseases. Even so, scarce mechanical investigations have been conducted on the damage in the sclera when subjected to large and repetitive deformations. Hence, the aim of this study is to quantify microstructural damage of the posterior and anterior sclera, through mechanical testing and model fitting. We performed uniaxial mechanical tests on scleral strips dissected from African green monkeys. Samples were subjected to strain-driven cycles of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% to evaluate the damage behavior commonly known as the Mullins effect. Experimental results showed qualitative changes in the stress–stretch curves when higher loading cycles were applied. A pseudo-elastic model accurately captured the curve trends across all tested samples, as indicated by a coefficient of determination above 0.96 and a subsequent finite element analysis (FEA) validation. Damage evolution and resultant permanent set demonstrated that considerable microstructural failure was attainable even at small strain levels and that the inherent plasticity had a similar contribution to stress-softening as the Mullins effect. Computed material and damage properties are expected to provide a broader understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ocular diseases and the development of more effective approaches for their treatment.
Graphene Conductive Polymer Paper-Based Biosensor for Interleukin-6 Detection in Human Serum
Authors: Rahman Md Ashiqur , Islam Nazmul , Freeman Robert , Ashraf Ali
Published: September 2023

Biosensing technology has advanced significantly in recent years because of its wide applications in healthcare and biomolecule detection. However, fabricating a biosensor that will be rapid, sensitive, inexpensive, simple, and selective can be challenging. In this study, we fabricated a paper-based biosensor using conductive polymers (CPs) and graphene to detect Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human serum. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out and the images indicated that flat graphene nanoflake (GNF) sheets are connected to the fibrous structure of cellulose. We used 20 μL of human serum and 2 μL of IL-6 antigen concentration to measure the electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using Autolab potentiostat (PGSTAT302N). A typical three-electrode method was preferred over the two-electrode method for better accuracy, and the sensor was connected through an adapter to the potentiostat. The paper-based biosensor detected in the range of 2 pg/mL to 20 μg/mL (the solution was prepared by serial dilution method), and the charge transfer resistance (Rct) increases linearly with the concentration (899 Ω–964 Ω). The limit of detection (LOD) of IL-6 detection was ∼16 pg/mL for our biosensor. Thus, using a portable, simple, sensitive, and inexpensive paper-based biosensor can be a great platform to detect early-stage cancer biomarkers.
Modeling and Simulation of Robotic Palpation to Detect Subsurface Soft Tissue Anomaly for Presurgical Assessment
Authors: Bhattacharjee Abhinaba , Loghmani M. Terry , Anwar Sohel
Published: September 2023

Surgical Haptics is an emergent field of research to integrate and advance the sense of robotic touch in laparoscopic tools in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery. Haptic feedback from the tooltip and soft tissue surface interaction during robotic palpation can be leveraged to detect the texture and contour of subsurface geometry. However, precise force modulation of the robotic palpating probe is necessary to determine stiff inclusions of the anatomy and maneuver successive manipulation tasks during surgery. This paper focuses on investigating the layered deformations associated with different force profiles involved in manipulating the superficial anatomy of soft tissues during dynamic robotic palpation to determine the underlying anomaly. A realistic three-dimensional (3D) cross-sectional soft tissue phantom with anatomical layers and tumor, as an anomaly, is designed, modeled, and analyzed to examine the effects of oriented palpating forces (0–5 N) of a 7 DOF robot arm equipped with a contoured palpation probe. Finite element static structural analysis of oriented robotic palpation on the developed 3D soft tissue phantoms (with and without anomaly) reveals the soft tissue layer deformations and associated strains needed to identify presence of stiffer inclusions or anomaly during Robotic palpation. The finite element analysis study shows that the difference in deformations of soft tissue layers (e.g., underlying myofascial layers) under stiffer inclusions at different force levels can facilitate haptic feedback to acquire information about subsurface tumors. The deformation variations are further compared to assess better palpation orientations for subsurface anomaly detection.
Simulation and Experimental Validation of Alternate Pathways of Impulse Noise Conduction Into the Inner Ear
Authors: Tan X. Gary , Chen YungChia , O'Shaughnessy Thomas J.
Published: September 2023

Recent data from heavy weapons training and breaching exercise environments suggest that protection of the ear canal alone may not be sufficient to prevent detrimental effects of blast-induced impulse noise on the Warfighter. This work is to elucidate alternate pathways of impulse noise penetration into the inner ear, including through the soft tissues of the head and bone conduction, gain insight into the fundamental mechanism(s) of blast induced hearing loss and validate the computational model with experiment. We have exposed the instrumented head model to impulse noise events generated via a shock tube (sound pressure level > 140 dB) to identify the role of bone conduction in pressure build up in the inner ear. Concurrently, we have developed a finite element (FE) model of the head to simulate the biomechanical response of the ear to impulse noise. The loading condition applied to the model to characterize the biomechanical effects in the ear is derived from notional weapons firing incidents. We have also developed an inner ear model to analyze the dynamic behavior of the basilar membrane when subjected to skull vibration stimulated by an impulse noise event. Using the simulated motion of the basilar membrane, we attempted to establish the relationship between the impulse noise and possible auditory disruption outcomes to the inner ear.
Converging Jet Impingement for Enhanced Liquid Cooling
Authors: Whitt Reece , Estrella Rafael , Huitink David
Published: September 2023

Jet impingement cooling is an advanced thermal management technique for high heat flux applications. Standard configurations include single, axisymmetric jets with orifice, slot, or pipe nozzles. This choice in nozzle shape, number of jets, and jet inclination greatly influences the turbulence generated by fluid entrainment due to differences in initial velocity profiles and location of secondary stagnation points. Regarding high power electronics with integrated jet impingement schemes, turbulence, and heat transfer rates must be optimized to meet the extreme cooling requirements. In this study, the heat transfer rates of dual inclined converging jets are investigated experimentally. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of different jet schemes with respect to geometrical parameters including nozzle pitch, incline angle, and nozzle-to-target plate spacing. A parametric experimental investigation is performed as a point of comparison using a modular, additively manufactured jet setup. Computational simulations are used to evaluate the effect of jet configuration on stagnation pressure associated with maximum heat transfer rates, and an empirical Nusselt number model is provided. The results show the effects of convergence height on jet behavior and the associated impacts on heat transfer.
Extending the Pressure-Time Method to Pipe With Variable Cross-Section With Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations
Authors: Neyestanaki Mehrdad Kalantar , Dunca Georgiana , Jonsson Pontus , Cervantes Michel J.
Published: September 2023

The flowrate in hydraulic turbines can be measured using the pressure-time method specified by the IEC 60041 standard. This method assumes a one-dimensional (1D) flow and is limited to straight pipes with a uniform cross section and specific restrictions on length (L > 10 m) and velocity (U × L > 50 m2 s−1). However, in low-head hydropower plants, the intake typically has a variable cross section and small length, making it challenging to use this method. This paper presents the development of a methodology that extends the applicability of the pressure-time method for variable cross section by using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D CFD). A combination of 3D CFD and 1D pressure-time methods is employed iteratively to estimate the kinetic energy correction factor. The obtained time-dependent values are then used in the 1D pressure-time method to calculate the flowrate. The new methodology is applied with experiments performed on a test rig with a reducer. The obtained results illustrate the significantly different kinetic energy correction factor obtained than those obtained using constant or quasi-steady assumptions. The proposed methodology changes the mean deviation compared to the reference flowmeter from −0.83% (underestimation of flowrate) to ±0.1%, increasing the method's accuracy.
A Descriptive Study Using Rasch Analysis and Hypothesis Testing to Evaluate the Psychometric Properties of the UMOVE Mobility Screen Tested With Hospitalized Older Adults
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Boltz Marie , Wells Chris L. , Galik Elizabeth , Kuzmik Ashley , McPherson Rachel
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the UMOVE Mobility Screen in older adults living with dementia using a Rasch analysis and hypothesis testing. The UMOVE Mobility Screen (UMOVE) focuses on nine activities: following commands, muscle strength, and basic functional mobility tasks. Trained evaluators completed assessments on 244 patients, the majority of whom were female (62%), and White (71%). Based on Rasch Analysis, there was evidence of good item and person reliability (indexes > 0.80), good INFIT statistics, and only one item fitting the model based on OUTFIT statistics. Validity was supported based on hypothesis testing. There was no evidence of Differential Item Functioning between races and genders. Item mapping raised concerns about the spread of the items across the full spectrum of mobility assessed in the UMOVE Mobility Screen. Future testing should consider adding some easier and some more difficult items.
Comparing Online and In-Person Delivery of a Fall Prevention Exercise Program for Older Adults
Authors: Pitre Vanessa , Sénéchal Martin , Bouchard Danielle R.
Published: September 2023

Exercise is the single most effective strategy to reduce the risk of falls. Online classes have grown in popularity, but the benefits of online classes remain unknown. Zoomers on the Go is a peer-led 12-week exercise program offered twice weekly to adults 50+ years old. The main outcome was lower body strength measured by the 30-s chair stand test. Other outcomes included dropout, attendance, balance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and perceived health. A total of 74 participants (age 66.3 ± 7.1 years) in the online group and 84 participants in the in-person group (age 67.3 ± 7.2 years) completed the program, with attendance for the online group. Both groups significantly improved their 30-s chair stand, cardiorespiratory fitness, and balance (p < .001) with no difference in functional benefits between groups. The in-person group improved their perceived health and significantly reduced levels of stress and depression, while no such changes were observed in the online group.
Developing Adaptive Planning Skills by Preservice Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Cho Kyuil , Tsuda Emi , Ward Phillip , Chey Won Seok
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study examined how physical education preservice teachers (PSTs) developed adaptive skills in the planning of the lessons in the 5 weeks of an introductory physical education method course using the practice-based teacher education framework. Method: Twenty-two PSTs edited three lesson plans over the 5 weeks. A total of 150 lesson plans were analyzed using descriptive statistics to explore (a) the total number of adaptations, (b) the total number of adaptations made to core practices, and (c) the types of adaptations. Findings: The PSTs made a wide-ranged number of adaptations from lesson plan one to three (one [median = 38.50, range 6–101]; two [median = 49.00, range 14–184]; three [median = 38.00, range 18–97]). They made adaptations most frequently in providing clear instruction and type two adaptations (refine). Conclusions: The results support the use of pedagogical approaches within the practice-based teacher education framework effective in developing PSTs’ adaptive competence in lesson plans.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Life Skills Scale for Physical Education
Authors: Vahdani Mohsen , Cronin Lorcan , Rezasoltani Najmeh
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Life Skills Scale for Physical Education (P-LSSPE). Method: During Study 1, which included four translators, eight physical education experts, and 45 physical education students, the LSSPE was translated and adapted into Persian, and its content validity was assessed. Study 2 assessed evidence for the factorial validity and reliability of the scale with a sample of 1,004 students. Study 3, which included 462 students, assessed nomological validity evidence. Results: In Study 1, the content validity analyses indicated that the P-LSSPE items and their dimensions were clear in language, practical in application, and represented the life skills in question. In Study 2, a bifactor confirmatory factor analysis model was the best representation of the data and provided evidence for the construct validity of the scale. In Study 3, evidence for the nomological validity of the P-LSSPE was provided, with the correlation coefficients indicating that teacher autonomy support was associated with students’ development of all eight life skills and total life skills. Discussion/Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this research suggest that the P-LSSPE can be used to accurately measure the life skills development of Iranian physical education students.
Retouched and Remarkable: Female Athletes in La Culture Physique (1904) as Historical and Visual Documentation
Authors: Ozerkevich Rachel
Published: September 2023

In 1904, Edmond Desbonnet launched La Culture Physique, a magazine that presented itself as scientific and entertaining in its promotion of strength athletes. La Culture Physique prioritized photomechanical imagery to demonstrate the visual merits of the conditioned human body. A surprising number of women feature in nearly each month’s issue. The magazine represented these athletes using a number of editing techniques that made their bodies seem remarkably muscular and yet conventionally feminine. But the specific formal qualities of the publication—such as paper quality, printing technology, and size—helped mask the work that went into making its subjects appear real. La Culture Physique is one of very few extant sources wherein the muscularity of specific women is promoted alongside men’s during a period when gender disparity was deeply engrained in French society. La Culture Physique worked within and at times pushed against dominant French cultural values articulated around concepts of gender and belonging, using a set of tools that packaged its contents and form as works of art: as legible, desirable, and collectable. This paper demonstrates that these same tools also helped the publication maintain its veneer of authority. La Culture Physique has yet to be examined from an art historical perspective. This paper seeks to remedy this by arguing that La Culture Physique’s 1904 issues are a crucial source of historical and visual documentation for scholars interested in how women participated and were represented in early French physical culture.
Time like geodesics for five-dimensional Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström anti-de Sitter black holes
Authors: González P. A. , Olivares Marco , Vásquez Yerko , Villanueva J. R.
Published: September 2023

The time like structure of the five-dimensional Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström anti-de Sitter black holes is studied in detail. Different kinds of motion are allowed and studied by using an adequate effective potential. Then, by solving the corresponding equations of motion, several trajectories and orbits are described in terms of Weierstraß  elliptic functions and elementary functions for neutral particles.
Shadow of rotating and twisting charged black holes with cloud of strings and quintessence
Authors: Zahid Muhammad , Rayimbaev Javlon , Sarikulov Furkat , Khan Saeed Ullah , Ren Jingli
Published: September 2023

Testing gravity theories is an important and interesting issue in relativistic astrophysics using astrophysical observations. In recent years, Event horizon telescope collaboration provided valuable data from shadow of supermassive black holes located at the center of the galaxies Milky Way and Meissner 87, which may help to get information about the spacetime around the black holes. In this work, first, we consider rotating black hole solution for charged black hole with the NUT charge in the presence of clouds of strings, and study the event horizon properties of spacetime around rotating twisting and charged black holes in the cloud of strings and quintessential fields. The null geodesics of the spacetime is derived and the shadow case, radius of the shadow of the black and its distortion, due to the effects of the black hole spin, also analyzed. It is obtained that gravitational effects of black hole charge and quintessential field compensate each other and the rotating black hole’s shadow can be circular. We obtain constraints on charge and spin parameters of supermassive black holes Sgr $$\hbox {A}^*$$

A
∗

and $$\hbox {M87}^*$$

M87
∗

using observational data from their shadow (size and observational angle) for various values of the NUT charge, cloud of strings and quintessential field parameters. Moreover, we also investigate gravitational capture cross-section for electromagnetic waves and emission rate of the black hole radiation energy through Hawking evaporation.
Application of Financial Big Data Analysis Method Based on Collaborative Filtering Algorithm in Supply Chain Enterprises
Authors: Wang Tao , Song Tianbang
Published: September 2023

At present, the financial situation of China’s supply chain finance is still relatively unstable, and there are still some problems between supply chain enterprises and banks such as asymmetric information, insufficient model innovation and high operational risks. Based on this, this paper proposes and constructs a risk control model of financial big data analysis based on collaborative filtering algorithm. The purpose of this study is to realize the resource integration of supply chain enterprises and optimize the logistics chain, financial chain and information chain through the analysis of financial big data based on collaborative filtering algorithm, provide quality services for supply chain enterprises and good support for solving the financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises. In order to verify the feasibility of the model, an experimental analysis is carried out. The experimental results show that this model has good scalability and operability, and the algorithm itself also has good scalability. The results of empirical analysis further verify that the design method in this paper has a good recommendation effect in terms of matching degree and user satisfaction. Compared with other risk control models, it is more practical and feasible. This research has certain practical significance for the financial management of supply chain enterprises.
Detection of Banking Financial Frauds Using Hyper-Parameter Tuning of DL in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Upreti Kamal , Vats Prashant , Srinivasan Aravindan , Daya Sagar K. V. , Mahaveerakannan R. , Charles Babu G.
Published: September 2023

When income, assets, sales, and profits are inflated while expenditures, debts, and losses are artificially lowered, the outcome is a set of fraudulent financial statements (FFS). Manual auditing and inspections are time-consuming, inefficient, and expensive options for spotting these false statements. Auditors will find great assistance from the use of intelligent methods in the analysis of several financial declarations. Now more than ever, victims of financial fraud are at risk since more and more individuals are using the Internet to conduct their financial transactions. And the frauds are getting more complex, evading the protections that banks have put in place. In this paper, we offer a new-fangled method for detecting fraud using NLP models: an ensemble model comprising Feedforward neural networks (FNNs) and Long Short-Term Memories (LSTMs). The Spotted Hyena Optimizer is a unique metaheuristic optimization technique used to choose weights and biases for LSTM (SHO). The proposed method takes inspiration from the law of gravity and is meant to mimic the group dynamics of spotted hyenas. Mathematical models and discussions of the three fundamental phases of SHO — searching for prey, encircling prey, and at-tacking prey — are presented. We build a model of the user’s spending habits and look for suspicious outliers to identify fraud. We do this by using the ensemble mechanism, which helps us predict and make the most of previous trades. Based on our analysis of real-world data, we can confidently say that our model provides superior performance compared to state-of-the-art approaches in a variety of settings, with respect to both precision and.
DDoS Attacks Detection with Half Autoencoder-Stacked Deep Neural Network
Authors: Benmohamed Emna , Thaljaoui Adel , Khediri Salim El , Aladhadh Suliman , Alohali Mansor
Published: September 2023

With the growth in services supplied over the internet, network infrastructure has become more exposed to cyber-attacks, particularly Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, which can easily cause the disruption of services. The key factor for fighting against these attacks is the earlier separation and detection of the traffic in networks. In this paper, a novel approach, named Half Autoencoder-Stacked DNNs (HAE-SDNN) model, is proposed. We suggest using a Stacked Deep Neural Networks (SDNN) model. as a deep learning model, in order to detect DDoS attacks. Our approach allows feature selection from a preprocessed dataset using a Half AutoEncoder (HAE), resulting in a final set of important features. These features are subsequently used to train the DNNs that are stacked together by applying Softmax layer to combine their outputs. Experiments were performed on a benchmark cybersecurity dataset, named CICDDoS2017, containing various DDoS attack types. The experimental results demonstrate that the introduced model attained an overall accuracy rate of 99.95%. Moreover, the HAE-SDNN model outperformed existing models, highlighting its superiority in accurately classifying attacks.
A Reference Architecture of Human Cyber-Physical Systems – Part III: Semantic Foundations
Authors: Damm Werner , Fränzle Martin , Kerscher Alyssa J. , Laine Forrest , Bengler Klaus , Biebl Bianca , Hagemann Willem , Held Moritz , Hess David , Ihme Klas , Kacianka Severin , Lehnhoff Sebastian , Luedtke Andreas , Pretschner Alexander , Rakow Astrid , Rieger Jochem , Sonntag Daniel , Sztipanovits Janos , Schwammberger Maike , Schweda Mark , Trende Alexander , Unni Anirudh , Veith Eric
Published: September 2023

The design and analysis of multi-agent human cyber-physical systems in safety-critical or industry-critical domains calls for an adequate semantic foundation capable of exhaustively and rigorously describing all emergent effects in the joint dynamic behavior of the agents that are relevant to their safety and well-behavior. We present such a semantic foundation. This framework extends beyond previous approaches by extending the agent-local dynamic state beyond state components under direct control of the agent and belief about other agents (as previously suggested for understanding cooperative as well as rational behavior) to agent-local evidence and belief about the overall cooperative, competitive, or coopetitive game structure. We argue that this extension is necessary for rigorously analyzing systems of human cyber-physical systems because humans are known to employ cognitive replacement models of system dynamics that are both non-stationary and potentially incongruent. These replacement models induce visible and potentially harmful effects on their joint emergent behavior and the interaction with cyber-physical system components.
Unified Learning from Demonstrations, Corrections, and Preferences during Physical Human–Robot Interaction
Authors: Mehta Shaunak A. , Losey Dylan P.
Published: September 2023

Humans can leverage physical interaction to teach robot arms. This physical interaction takes multiple forms depending on the task, the user, and what the robot has learned so far. State-of-the-art approaches focus on learning from a single modality, or combine some interaction types. Some methods do so by assuming that the robot has prior information about the features of the task and the reward structure. By contrast, in this article, we introduce an algorithmic formalism that unites learning from demonstrations, corrections, and preferences. Our approach makes no assumptions about the tasks the human wants to teach the robot; instead, we learn a reward model from scratch by comparing the human’s input to nearby alternatives, i.e., trajectories close to the human’s feedback. We first derive a loss function that trains an ensemble of reward models to match the human’s demonstrations, corrections, and preferences. The type and order of feedback is up to the human teacher: We enable the robot to collect this feedback passively or actively. We then apply constrained optimization to convert our learned reward into a desired robot trajectory. Through simulations and a user study, we demonstrate that our proposed approach more accurately learns manipulation tasks from physical human interaction than existing baselines, particularly when the robot is faced with new or unexpected objectives. Videos of our user study are available at
https://youtu.be/FSUJsTYvEKU
.
Quantum Communication Complexity of Linear Regression
Authors: Montanaro Ashley , Shao Changpeng
Published: September 2023

Quantum computers may achieve speedups over their classical counterparts for solving linear algebra problems. However, in some cases—such as for low-rank matrices—dequantized algorithms demonstrate that there cannot be an exponential quantum speedup. In this work, we show that quantum computers have provable polynomial and exponential speedups in terms of communication complexity for some fundamental linear algebra problems if there is no restriction on the rank. We mainly focus on solving linear regression and Hamiltonian simulation. In the quantum case, the task is to prepare the quantum state of the result. To allow for a fair comparison, in the classical case, the task is to sample from the result. We investigate these two problems in two-party and multiparty models, propose near-optimal quantum protocols, and prove quantum/classical lower bounds. In this process, we propose an efficient quantum protocol for quantum singular value transformation, which is a powerful technique for designing quantum algorithms. We feel this will be helpful in developing efficient quantum protocols for many other problems.
System Auditing for Real-Time Systems
Authors: Bansal Ayoosh , Kandikuppa Anant , Hasan Monowar , Chen Chien-Ying , Bates Adam , Mohan Sibin
Published: September 2023

System auditing is an essential tool for detecting malicious events and conducting forensic analysis. Although used extensively on general-purpose systems, auditing frameworks have not been designed with consideration for the unique constraints and properties of Real-Time Systems (RTS). System auditing could provide tremendous benefits for security-critical RTS. However, a naive deployment of auditing on RTS could violate the temporal requirements of the system while also rendering auditing incomplete and ineffectual. To ensure effective auditing that meets the computational needs of recording complete audit information while adhering to the temporal requirements of the RTS, it is essential to carefully integrate auditing into the real-time (RT) schedule.

This work adapts the Linux Audit framework for use in RT Linux by leveraging the common properties of such systems, such as special purpose and predictability.Ellipsis, an efficient system for auditing RTS, is devised that learns the expected benign behaviors of the system and generates succinct descriptions of the expected activity. Evaluations using varied RT applications show thatEllipsisreduces the volume of audit records generated during benign activity by up to 97.55% while recording detailed logs for suspicious activities. Empirical analyses establish that the auditing infrastructure adheres to the properties of predictability and isolation that are important to RTS. Furthermore, the schedulability of RT tasksets under audit is comprehensively analyzed to enable the safe integration of auditing in RT task schedules.
A Systematic Review of MRI Studies and the “Emotional paiN and social Disconnect (END)” Brain Model of Suicidal Behavior in Youth
Authors: Tymofiyeva Olga , Reeves Katherine W. , Shaw Chace , Lopez Eric , Aziz Sepehr , Max Jeffrey E. , Yang Tony T.
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Risk of suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviors greatly increases during adolescence, and rates have risen dramatically over the past two decades. However, few risk factors or biomarkers predictive of suicidal ideation or attempted suicide have been identified in adolescents. Neuroimaging correlates hold potential for early identification of adolescents at increased risk of suicidality and risk stratification for those at high risk of suicide attempt. Methods. In this systematic review, we evaluated neural regions and networks associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in adolescents derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. A total of 28 articles were included in this review. Results. After descriptively synthesizing the literature, we propose the Emotional paiN and social Disconnect (END) model of adolescent suicidality and present two key neural circuits: (1) the emotional/mental pain circuit and (2) the social disconnect/distortion circuit. In the END model, the emotional pain circuit—consisting of the cerebellum, amygdala, and hippocampus—shows similar aberrations in adolescents with suicidal ideation as in those with a history of a suicide attempt (but to a smaller degree). The social disconnect circuit is unique to adolescent suicide attempters and includes the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the temporal gyri, and the connections between them. Conclusion. Our proposed END brain model of suicidal behavior in youth, if confirmed by future prospective studies, can have implications for clinical goals of early detection, risk stratification, and intervention development. Treatments that target emotional pain and social disconnect may be ideal interventions for reducing suicidality in adolescents.
Naqshbandīs and the Muslim Brotherhood: Diaspora and the Rise of the Political Islam in Modern Turkey
Authors: Ertürk Ömer F.
Published: September 2023

The secularizing reforms of the republican elites in modern Turkey encountered Islamic resistance orchestrated by Naqshbandīs, who were declared enemies of the regime, repressed, and banned. The literature on how Turkish Islamists and the Naqshbandiyya have responded to republicans predominantly deals with either how they withdrew into a sort of diaspora or how they submitted and/or adapted to the republican regime. The consensus has been that Naqshbandīs played a role in inhibiting the infiltration of radical Islamic ideologies in modern Turkey. However, there is a lacuna in the literature on the Naqshbandī diaspora outside Turkey and its cooperation with transnational Islamic movements in building networks of resistance to secularism. Addressing this gap, this paper argues that some Naqshbandīs evaded republican surveillance and bans by creating an Egypt-based diasporic community, developing an Islamic cadre intended to eventually re-Islamize the Turkish state, its politics and society. Based on the memoirs and biographies of the prominent figures of the diaspora in Cairo, the study uncovers the connection between the Naqshbandiyya and other Islamic transnational movements, principally the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, at the ideological and institutional levels from the 1920s to the 1980s, to show how this cadre emerged and subsequently shaped the character of Islamism in modern Turkey.
Recognition and Redistribution in Aristotle’s Account of Stasis: a Response to Our Critics
Authors: Cairns Douglas , Canevaro Mirko , Mantzouranis Kleanthis
Published: September 2023

We reply to the objections raised in Polis 40 (2023) by Ryan Balot and Manuel Knoll to our original paper ‘Recognition and Redistribution in Aristotle’s Account of Stasis’, published in Polis 39 (2022). We argue that Knoll is correct in arguing that Aristotle distinguishes between democratic views of distributive justice and his own, but wrong to argue that this wholly resolves a tension in Aristotle’s exposition between views of democratic justice as, in one sense, based on equality ‘according to worth’ and in another based on arithmetic equality. Balot, we contend, misconstrues our original argument when he represents us as claiming that, according to Aristotle, the injustice which leads agents to engage in stasis exists entirely in their own minds. We did not and do not hold that view and therefore (pace Balot) are in no way committed to any of its alleged implications. Balot’s misunderstanding on that point entails a wholesale misrepresentation of our original argument.
Writing as Pharmakon and the Limits of Law in Plato’s Statesman, Phaedrus, and Laws
Authors: Trotz-Liboff Leo
Published: September 2023

In the Statesman and Phaedrus Plato addresses the problem inherent to law of how a general rule can be applied appropriately to particular circumstances. Previous scholarship has shown the connection between these dialogues’ critiques of written law and writing, a similarity this paper argues extends to the comparison of writing to a pharmakon (‘drug’) in both dialogues. Furthermore, close textual analysis shows that the Stranger’s discussion of measure in the Statesman parallels Socrates’ concept of ‘logographic necessity’ in the Phaedrus according to which the parts of a perfect writing cohere like limbs within an organism. Logographic necessity and measure raise the possibility of overcoming the weakness of writing and written law respectively. Ultimately, the Laws recapitulates these issues to reveal an insuperable gap between legal and philosophic writing. Envisioning the ideal of perfect law is, however, necessary to see how law falls short of what philosophy as Platonic dialogue achieves.
Diffusion of Political Ideas between Ancient India and Greece: Early Theories of the Origins of Monarchy
Authors: Linderborg Otto H.
Published: September 2023

This investigation examines the question of whether the similar theories of the origins of monarchy encountered in certain early Greek and Indian literary sources should be taken as evidence of cross-cultural diffusion of political ideas. The paper argues against the alternative explanation, according to which the similarity in form in the Greek and Indian versions of the kingship theory is rooted in similar social processes, by exposing how the earliest extant Greek version of the theory seems to build on a prototype most closely mirrored in one early Indian source.
Cicero, Caesar, and the End of Cicero’s Imperium
Authors: Zarecki Jonathan P.
Published: September 2023

This article argues that Cicero laid down his imperium in Brundisium in September 47 after Caesar had, in a meeting between the two men, granted Cicero permission to retain his imperium and title of imperator for as long as Cicero wished to do so. Instead of accepting Caesar’s offer, Cicero instead immediately repudiated it, laid down his imperium in the city of Brundisium, and went immediately to Tusculum to begin a second period of political retirement. Caesar’s offer and his return to Italy in the autumn of 47 gave Cicero an excuse to consider expired the SCU of 7 January 49 and, by immediately renouncing his imperium, perform, under the cover of his now-fulfilled obligation to the Pompeians, a calculated personal statement of political independence.
That Unexpected Margin of Capital
Authors: Hulme Peter
Published: September 2023

For many years, a weapon in the armory of those advocating for Eric Williams’s thesis that the profits from slavery helped finance the Industrial Revolution in Britain has been a speech made by Winston Churchill making that very point. Williams himself referred to the speech in 1942, as did George Padmore in 1953, but neither provided chapter and verse. Subsequently, a whole raft of commentators has followed suit, but always only via a reference to Williams or Padmore. This research note provides the original date and context for Churchill’s words.
Effect of Fast-Track Surgery Nursing Intervention Combined with Probiotic Nutrition Therapy on Children During the Peri-Operative Period of Thoracoscopic Lobectomy
Authors: Tang Wen , Song Liqing , Yang Hui
Published: September 2023

This study aims to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of fast-track surgery (FTS) nursing intervention and probiotic nutrition therapy in children during the peri-operative period of precise thoracoscopic lobectomy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a total of 479 children
who underwent the surgery at the pediatric department of the West China Hospital, Sichuan University between January 2011 and January 2018. The patients were divided into two groups: the traditional rehabilitation group (A, n = 78) and the rapid rehabilitation group with FTS and probiotic
nutrition therapy (B, n = 401). No significant differences were observed in general information and the incidence of postoperative complications (P >0.05). However, the B group had significantly reduced early out-of-bed activity time, early resumption of oral feeding time,
intubation duration, and length of hospital stay (P <0.05). Furthermore, patients in the B group had higher nutritional indexes compared to those in the A group. The levels of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the B group were higher, while the levels of Enterobacterium
and Enterococcus were lower than those in the A group. Additionally, the patients and their families in the B group exhibited higher levels of nursing satisfaction (P <0.05). The combination of FTS nursing intervention and probiotic nutrition therapy improved peri-operative
outcomes without increasing the incidence of complications. Therefore, our findings support the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of thoracoscopic lobectomy with FTS care in pediatric patients, highlighting its potential as a promising surgical intervention.
Effects of Ammonia Nitrogen, Nitrite and pH on Embryo In Vitro Incubation of Red Crayfish
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Li Gang , Bao Yongjun
Published: September 2023

As an important economic aquatic animal, red crayfish’s reproduction and incubation can affect its breeding efficiency. With aquaculture developing, the study of factors affecting aquaculture species growth has gradually become an important research direction. To study the effects
of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and pH on red crayfish embryos, the In Vitro incubation experiment of red crayfish embryos was conducted. The residual module was used to design the embryo counting method of red crayfish. And different ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and PH gradients were set
to analyze the hatching rate and emergence rate of red crayfish’s embryo development.When conducting research method performance testing, the training loss value of the research method decreased to 84 after 200 iterations. On the 6th day in an ammonia nitrogen environment, the number
of water microbiota was only 4.74 M. The emergence rate of red crayfish decreases to a lower level when the ammonia nitrogen concentration is above 0.6 mg/L. The emergence rate of red crayfish decreased with the increase of nitrite concentration, and decreased to 0 when the nitrite concentration
reached 1.25 mg/L. When the pH value of water body is 8.1, the emergence rate of red crayfish reaches the highest value of 68.92%. Ammonia nitrogen and nitrite concentration will inhibit the In Vitro hatching of crayfish embryos, and the appropriate PH value can improve the emergence
rate of crayfish hatching In Vitro.