bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forage Performance and Soil Quality in Forage Systems under Organic Management in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Inwood Sarah E. Eichler , Bates Gary E. , Butler David M.
Published: June 2015

Interest is increasing in organic forage production and sod‐based rotations in the southeastern United States, but research‐based information is limited. A replicated field study was established to evaluate productivity and soil quality changes in five organically‐managed forage systems over 2 yr. Systems included four regionally‐adapted perennial systems and one warm‐ and cool‐season annual rotation: (i) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), (ii) red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), (iii) alfalfa/orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), (iv) red clover/orchardgrass, and (v) an annual system of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/crimson clover (T. incarnatum L.) followed by sorghum–sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor × S. bicolor var. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.]. Soil quality was compared to two annual vegetable systems, one managed organically and one managed conventionally. Poultry litter was applied to organically‐managed systems in September 2010 (9 Mg ha−1) and in September 2011 (4.5 Mg ha−1). Mean annual forage yield was greatest from wheat/crimson clover and sorghum–sudangrass (12.4 Mg ha−1 yr−1), intermediate from red clover, red clover/orchardgrass, and alfalfa/orchardgrass (10.0–10.3 Mg ha−1 yr−1), and least from alfalfa (7.6 Mg ha−1 yr−1). Soil C (total and particulate organic matter‐C) increased over 2 yr in all forage systems which were similar, and was in most cases significantly lower in vegetable systems. Soil N (total and particulate organic matter‐N) increased in all forage systems and was highest in alfalfa and treatments containing red clover, and lowest in vegetable systems. Results suggest these short‐term forage systems are viable options for regional organic rotations.
Retraction: Mohamaden W, Wang H, Guan H, Li J. Effect of potassium oxalate on liver function and kidney tissue of dogs (beagles). Arch biol sci. 2013;65(4):1363-70. DOI: 10.2298/ABS1304363M
Authors: Editorial E
Published: June 2015

This is a notice of retraction of the article: Effect of potassium oxalate on
liver function and kidney tissue of dogs (beagles), published in the Archives
of Biological Sciences in 2013, Vol. 65, Issue 4. The Editor-in-Chief has
been informed that this paper is a duplicate of an earlier paper: Mohamaden
W, Wang H, Guan H, Meng X, Li J. Effect of potassium oxalate injection on
serum and kidney tissue of beagle dogs. Life Sci J. 2013;10(2):1537-42. This
claim is correct and the results have already been presented in the article
published earlier. After confirmation of this fact, the Editor-in-Chief of
the Archives of Biological Sciences has decided to retract the paper
immediately. We apologize for this error.

 Link
to the retracted article <a
href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS1304363M">10.2298/ABS1304363M
Genotypic differences in growth and ions accumulation in soybean under NaCL salinity and water stress conditions
Authors: Khan MSA , Karim MA , Haque MM
Published: June 2015

Salt and water stress tolerance of the seven soybean genotypes viz. BARI Soybean 6, BD 2329, BD 2342, AGS 95, BGH 02026, Galarsum and BD 2331 were evaluated for their performance at 0 and 100 mM NaCl under well watered & water stress (watering with 70% depletion of available water at wilting) conditions at the Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur. The results indicated that all the growth parameters like plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and dry matter distribution in different plant parts of the genotypes sharply decreased when the plants were exposed to water stress, salt stress and, combined salt and water stress conditions. Among the genotypes reduction in dry matter production was the least in Galarsum and BD 2331 in both the salt stress and, the combined salt and water stress conditions. These genotypes also accumulated lower amount of Na+ and higher amount of K+ in leaf tissues under salt stress and, combined salt and water stress environments as compared to others.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 47-58
Allelopathic effect of Brassica on weed control and yield of wheat
Authors: Biswas PK , Morshed MM , Ullah MJ , Irin IJ
Published: June 2015

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to identify the allelopathic effect of Brassica species along with their incorporation methods to control weeds in wheat field. The experiment was assigned in a split-plot design where three cultivated Brassica spp. were in the main plot and five different ways of green Brassica biomass inclusion were in the sub-plot. Brassica crops were uprooted at 30 days after sowing (DAS) and incorporated to the soil @ 0.5 kg m-2 as per treatment. Wheat seeds were sown on December 04, 2007 using 20 cm line to line distance. Weeds e.g., Amaranthus spinosus, A. viridis, Lindernia procumbens, Heliotropium indicum, Polygonum hydropiper, Celosis argentina, Ageratum conyzoides, Brassica kaber and Digitaria ischaemum were not found in the wheat field. Significantly the highest weed dry matter (1.72 g m-2) was found in Brassica juncea plots at 30 DAS but in Brassica napus field (1.44 g m-2) at 50 DAS. The lowest weed dry matter at 30 DAS (0.89 g m-2) was recorded with total incorporation of Brassica biomass to the soil but 50% incorporation and 50% spreading at 50 DAS. The Brassica biomass spreading above ground, mixed with soil and 50% spreading + 50% mixed with soil resulted positively compared to other ways of biomass incorporation. The highest grain yield (3.83 t ha-1) of wheat was given by Brassica juncea when spreaded on the above ground soil.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 73-80
Effect of plant spacing and depth of USG placement on yield of Boro rice
Authors: Das S , Chaki AK , Sobhan N , Hossain MM , Arshad HM
Published: June 2015

Abstract not availableBangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(1): 103-106
Translating Lives: Ovid and the Seventeenth-Century Modernes
Authors: Taylor Helena
Published: June 2015

This essay argues that during the Quarrel of the Ancients and Moderns in late seventeenth-century Paris, the life of the ancient Roman poet, Ovid, held a particular appeal for the ‘Moderns’. Tracing the historiography of Ovid's life from his autobiographical Tristia through the Renaissance vitae Ovidii to the prefatory vies d'Ovide of the seventeenth century reveals that lives were synecdochic for ideological stances towards the representation and translation of the ancient world; and that there was a specific identification between the narration of Ovid's Life and ‘Modern’ approaches to such representation. It suggests that this was because Ovid had already inscribed the interpretation and appropriation of tradition that underpinned the Moderns' attitude towards classical culture into his own version of his life, hence his ‘translation’ into a proto-Moderne, a figure heralding paradigmatic change.
Coleman Barks' Versions of Rumi in the USA
Authors: Azadibougar Omid , Patton Simon
Published: June 2015

This paper examines Coleman Barks' English versions of Rumi to ask how he has rendered the original text and to explain the commercial success of his work in the American market. After describing the reception of Barks' versions and reflecting on the critiques of his work, we examine a translated poem from the Masnavi of Rumi as a sample case. This translation is marked by a transformation of poetic structure and substantial omissions from the source text. These features expose two conceptual tensions that interfere with Barks' work: the erotic content of a spiritual poem and the poem's elitist point of view. In this light we go on to discuss the translatability of literature and culture, challenges to world literature in translation, and the popularity of this version of Rumi in the USA.
Tungsten Data for Current and Future Uses in Fusion and Plasma Science
Authors: Beiersdorfer Peter , Clementson Joel , Safronova Ulyana
Published: June 2015

We give a brief overview of our recent experimental and theoretical work involving highly charged tungsten ions in high-temperature magnetically confined plasmas. Our work includes X-ray and extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy, state-of-the-art structure calculations, the generation of dielectronic recombination rate coefficients, collisional-radiative spectral modeling and assessments of the atomic data need for X-ray diagnostics monitoring of the parameters of the core plasma of future tokamaks, such as ITER. We give examples of our recent results in these areas.
Complications from Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Kang Kylie , Okoye Christian , Patel Ravi , Siva Shankar , Biswas Tithi , Ellis Rodney , Yao Min , Machtay Mitchell , Lo Simon
Published: June 2015

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has become a standard treatment option for early stage, node negative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients who are either medically inoperable or refuse surgical resection. SBRT has high local control rates and a favorable toxicity profile relative to other surgical and non-surgical approaches. Given the excellent tumor control rates and increasing utilization of SBRT, recent efforts have focused on limiting toxicity while expanding treatment to increasingly complex patients. We review toxicities from SBRT for lung cancer, including central airway, esophageal, vascular (e.g., aorta), lung parenchyma (e.g., radiation pneumonitis), and chest wall toxicities, as well as radiation-induced neuropathies (e.g., brachial plexus, vagus nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve). We summarize patient-related, tumor-related, dosimetric characteristics of these toxicities, review published dose constraints, and propose strategies to reduce such complications.
Variabilities in Rainfall Onset, Cessation and Length of Rainy Season for the Various Agro-Ecological Zones of Ghana
Authors: Amekudzi Leonard , Yamba Edmund , Preko Kwasi , Asare Ernest , Aryee Jeffrey , Baidu Michael , Codjoe Samuel
Published: June 2015

This paper examines the onset and cessation dates of the rainy season over Ghana using rain gauge data from the Ghana Meteorological Agency (GMet) over the period of 1970–2012. The onset and cessation dates were determined from cumulative curves using the number of rainy days and rainfall amount. In addition, the inter-annual variability of the onset and cessation dates for each climatic zone was assessed using wavelet analysis. A clear distinction between the rainfall characteristics and the length of the rainy season in the various climatic zones is discussed. The forest and coastal zones in the south had their rainfall onset from the second and third dekads of March. The onset dates of the transition zone were from the second dekad of March to the third dekad of April. Late onset, which starts from the second dekad of April to the first dekad of May, was associated with the savannah zone. The rainfall cessation dates in the forest zone were in the third dekad of October to the first dekad of November, and the length of the rainy season was within 225–240 days. The cessation dates of the coastal zone were within the second and third dekad of October, and the length of rainy season was within 210–220 days. Furthermore, the transition zone had cessation dates in the second to third dekad of October, and the length of the rainy season was within 170–225 days. Lastly, the savannah zone had cessation dates within the third dekad of September to the first dekad of October, and the length of rainy season was within 140–180 days. The bias in the rainfall onset, cessation and length of the rainy season was less than 10 days across the entire country, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was in the range of 5–25 days. These findings demonstrate that the onset derived from the cumulative rainfall amount and the rainy days are in consistent agreement. The wavelet power spectrum and its significant peaks showed evidence of variability in the rainfall onset and cessation dates across the country. The coastal and forest zones showed 2–8- and 2–4-year band variability in the onsets and cessations, whereas the onset and cessation variability of the transition and savannah zones were within 2–4 and 4–8 years. This result has adverse effects on rain-fed agricultural practices, disease control, water resource management, socio-economic activities and food security in Ghana.
HMC-MAC Protocol for High Data Rate Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Chalhoub Gerard , Diab Rana , Misson Michel
Published: June 2015

Using multiple channels in wireless sensor networks helps increase the overall throughput and avoid interferences. In addition, introducing multi-interface nodes further helps in increasing the packet delivery rate for those specific nodes. In this paper, we evaluate a channel allocation method based on neighborhood discovery up to 3 hops and a hybrid MAC protocol designed for high data rate wireless sensor networks. We propose a network segmentation that takes into consideration the existence of multi-interface sink in order to further increase to packet delivery ratio. Our protocol, called HMC-MAC, uses Time Devision Multiple Access (TDMA) for sequencing nodes activity, and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)/CA with Frequency Devision Multiple Access (FDMA) for simultaneous data exchange. We evaluated our method using NS2 simulator and results show that HMC-MAC protocol improves the overall network performance compared to other protocols especially with high data rate and burst traffic.
Characterization of the Particle Size Fraction associated with Heavy Metals in Suspended Sediments of the Yellow River
Authors: Yao Qingzhen , Wang Xiaojing , Jian Huimin , Chen Hongtao , Yu Zhigang
Published: June 2015

Variations in the concentrations of particulate heavy metals and fluxes into the sea in the Yellow River were examined based on observational and measured data from January 2009 to December 2010. A custom-built water elutriation apparatus was used to separate suspended sediments into five size fractions. Clay and very fine silt is the dominant fraction in most of the suspended sediments, accounting for >40% of the samples. Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Fe and Mn are slightly affected by anthropogenic activities, while Cd is moderate affected. The concentrations of heavy metals increased with decrease in particle size. For suspended sediments in the Yellow River, on average 78%–82% of the total heavy metal loading accumulated in the <16 μm fraction. About 43% and 53% of heavy metal in 2009 and 2010 respectively, were readily transported to the Bohai Sea with “truly suspended” particles, which have potentially harmful effects on marine organisms.
Metallic Burden of Deciduous Teeth and Childhood Behavioral Deficits
Authors: Chan Tony , Gutierrez Carolina , Ogunseitan Oladele
Published: June 2015

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 5%–8% of children in the U.S. (10% of males and 4% of females). The contributions of multiple metal exposures to the childhood behavioral deficits are unclear, although particular metals have been implicated through their neurotoxicity. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the body burden of Mn is positively correlated with ADHD symptoms. We also investigated the putative roles of Ca, Fe, Pb, and Hg. We collected shed molars from 266 children (138 boys and 128 girls) who lost a tooth between 11 and 13 years of age. The molars were analyzed for metals using ICP-OES. The third grade teacher of each child completed the Teacher’s Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBD) to produce a score for “Total Disruptive Behavior” and subscale scores for “Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder”, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, Inattention, and Oppositional/Defiant. The mean Mn, Fe, Pb and Ca concentrations found in teeth was 6.1 ± 5.7 µg/g, 22.7 ± 24.1 µg/g, 0.9 ± 1.4 µg/g, and 6.0 × 105 ± 1.6 × 105 µg/g, respectively. Hg was not detected. No significant association was found between Mn and behavioral deficits. Ca was significantly negatively associated, and Pb showed a significant positive association with Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, Inattention, and Oppositional/Defiant Disorders. These findings call into question the putative independent association of manganese exposure and behavioral deficits in children, when the balance of other metallic burden, particularly Ca and Pb burdens play significant roles.
An Open Source WebGIS Application for Civic Education on Peace and Conflict
Authors: Wirkus Lars
Published: June 2015

By developing an interactive open source-based WebGIS information portal on war and peace for the online services of the Federal Agency for Civic Education, the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) translates scientific knowledge into easily understandable and subsumable up-to-date information for the general public and young scholars. By aggregating globally scattered data and information on various peace- and conflict-related topics as well as presenting their spatial visualization through interactive maps, BICC contributes to a better understanding of peace and conflict processes. Users are invited to explore the relationship of various variables and their decisive roles in such processes.
Colorectal Cancer Classification and Cell Heterogeneity: A Systems Oncology Approach
Authors: Blanco-Calvo Moisés , Concha Ángel , Figueroa Angélica , Garrido Federico , Valladares-Ayerbes Manuel
Published: June 2015

Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease that manifests through diverse clinical scenarios. During many years, our knowledge about the variability of colorectal tumors was limited to the histopathological analysis from which generic classifications associated with different clinical expectations are derived. However, currently we are beginning to understand that under the intense pathological and clinical variability of these tumors there underlies strong genetic and biological heterogeneity. Thus, with the increasing available information of inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity, the classical pathological approach is being displaced in favor of novel molecular classifications. In the present article, we summarize the most relevant proposals of molecular classifications obtained from the analysis of colorectal tumors using powerful high throughput techniques and devices. We also discuss the role that cancer systems biology may play in the integration and interpretation of the high amount of data generated and the challenges to be addressed in the future development of precision oncology. In addition, we review the current state of implementation of these novel tools in the pathological laboratory and in clinical practice.
Alleged Detrimental Mutations in the SMPD1 Gene in Patients with Niemann-Pick Disease
Authors: Rhein Cosima , Mühle Christiane , Kornhuber Johannes , Reichel Martin
Published: June 2015

Loss-of-function mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) gene are associated with decreased catalytic activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and are the cause of the autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) types A and B. Currently, >100 missense mutations in SMPD1 are listed in the Human Gene Mutation Database. However, not every sequence variation in SMPD1 is detrimental and gives rise to NPD. We have analysed several alleged SMPD1 missense mutations mentioned in a recent publication and found them to be common variants of SMPD1 that give rise to normal in vivo and in vitro ASM activity. (Comment on Manshadi et al. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 6668–6676).
Biomedical Applications of Magnetically Functionalized Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanofibers
Authors: Lee Hwa-Jeong , Lee Sang , Uthaman Saji , Thomas Reju , Hyun Hoon , Jeong Yong , Cho Chong-Su , Park In-Kyu
Published: June 2015

Nanofibers are one-dimensional nanomaterial in fiber form with diameter less than 1 µm and an aspect ratio (length/diameter) larger than 100:1. Among the different types of nanoparticle-loaded nanofiber systems, nanofibers loaded with magnetic nanoparticles have gained much attention from biomedical scientists due to a synergistic effect obtained from the unique properties of both the nanofibers and magnetic nanoparticles. These magnetic nanoparticle-encapsulated or -embedded nanofiber systems can be used not only for imaging purposes but also for therapy. In this review, we focused on recent advances in nanofibers loaded with magnetic nanoparticles, their biomedical applications, and future trends in the application of these nanofibers.
Proteomic Analysis of Immature Fraxinus mandshurica Cotyledon Tissues during Somatic Embryogenesis: Effects of Explant Browning on Somatic Embryogenesis
Authors: Liu Chun-Ping , Yang Ling , Shen Hai-Long
Published: June 2015

Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) is a valuable hardwood species in Northeast China. In cultures of F. mandshurica, somatic embryos were produced mainly on browned explants. Therefore, we studied the mechanism of explant browning and its relationship with somatic embryogenesis (SE). We used explants derived from F. mandshurica immature zygotic embryo cotyledons as materials. Proteins were extracted from browned embryogenic explants, browned non-embryogenic explants, and non-brown explants, and then separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Differentially and specifically expressed proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify proteins involved in the browning of explants and SE. Some stress response and defense proteins such as chitinases, peroxidases, aspartic proteinases, and an osmotin-like protein played important roles during SE of F. mandshurica. Our results indicated that explant browning might not be caused by the accumulation and oxidation of polyphenols only, but also by some stress-related processes, which were involved in programmed cell death (PCD), and then induced SE.
Trehalose Analogues: Latest Insights in Properties and Biocatalytic Production
Authors: Walmagh Maarten , Zhao Renfei , Desmet Tom
Published: June 2015

Trehalose (α-d-glucopyranosyl α-d-glucopyranoside) is a non-reducing sugar with unique stabilizing properties due to its symmetrical, low energy structure consisting of two 1,1-anomerically bound glucose moieties. Many applications of this beneficial sugar have been reported in the novel food (nutricals), medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Trehalose analogues, like lactotrehalose (α-d-glucopyranosyl α-d-galactopyranoside) or galactotrehalose (α-d-galactopyranosyl α-d-galactopyranoside), offer similar benefits as trehalose, but show additional features such as prebiotic or low-calorie sweetener due to their resistance against hydrolysis during digestion. Unfortunately, large-scale chemical production processes for trehalose analogues are not readily available at the moment due to the lack of efficient synthesis methods. Most of the procedures reported in literature suffer from low yields, elevated costs and are far from environmentally friendly. “Greener” alternatives found in the biocatalysis field, including galactosidases, trehalose phosphorylases and TreT-type trehalose synthases are suggested as primary candidates for trehalose analogue production instead. Significant progress has been made in the last decade to turn these into highly efficient biocatalysts and to broaden the variety of useful donor and acceptor sugars. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the latest insights and future perspectives in trehalose analogue chemistry, applications and production pathways with emphasis on biocatalysis.
Fast Fourier-Based Phase Unwrapping on the Graphics Processing Unit in Real-Time Imaging Applications
Authors: Jeught Sam , Sijbers Jan , Dirckx Joris
Published: June 2015

Numerous imaging techniques measure data that are mathematically wrapped to the finite interval [−π, π], corresponding to the principle value domain of the arctangent function. A wide range of reconstruction algorithms has been developed to obtain the true, unwrapped phase by adding an integral multiple of 2π to each point of the wrapped grid. However, the phase unwrapping procedure is hampered by the presence of noise, phase vortices or insufficiently sampled digital data. Unfortunately, reliable phase unwrapping algorithms are generally computationally intensive and their design often requires multiple iterations to reach convergence, leading to high execution times. In this paper, we present a high-speed phase unwrapping algorithm that is robust against noise and phase residues. By executing the parallel implementation of a single-step Fourier-based phase unwrapping algorithm on the graphics processing unit of a standard graphics card, we were able to reduce the total processing time of the phase unwrapping algorithm to < 5 ms when executed on a 640 × 480-pixel input map containing an arbitrarily high density of phase jumps. In addition, we expand upon this technique by inserting the obtained solution as a preconditioner in the conjugate gradient technique. This way, phase maps that contain regions of low-quality or invalid data can be unwrapped iteratively through weighting of local phase quality.
Functional Genomics of the Aeromonas salmonicida Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen and A-Layer from Typical and Atypical Strains
Authors: Merino Susana , De Mendoza Elena , Canals Rocío , Tomás Juan
Published: June 2015

The A. salmonicida A450 LPS O-antigen, encoded by the wbsalmo gene cluster, is exported through an ABC-2 transporter-dependent pathway. It represents the first example of an O-antigen LPS polysaccharide with three different monosaccharides in their repeating unit assembled by this pathway. Until now, only repeating units with one or two different monosaccharides have been described. Functional genomic analysis of this wbsalmo region is mostly in agreement with the LPS O-antigen structure of acetylated l-rhamnose (Rha), d-glucose (Glc), and 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-mannose (ManN). Between genes of the wbsalmo we found the genes responsible for the biosynthesis and assembly of the S-layer (named A-layer in these strains). Through comparative genomic analysis and in-frame deletions of some of the genes, we concluded that all the A. salmonicida typical and atypical strains, other than A. salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica strains, shared the same wbsalmo and presence of A-layer. A. salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica strains lack wbsalmo and A-layer, two major virulence factors, and this could be the reason they are the only ones not found as fish pathogens.
Negative-Pressure Cavitation Extraction of Secoisolariciresinol Diglycoside from Flaxseed Cakes
Authors: Tian Hao , Li Wan-Yi , Xiao Dan , Li Zhi-Min , Wang Jian-Wen
Published: June 2015

The negative-pressure cavitation extraction (NPCE) technique was applied firstly to extract secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) from flaxseed cakes. The significant extraction parameters were screened by fractional factorial design (FFD). The optimal parameters were determined using the central composite design (CCD) with the two variables, NaOH amount and the liquid/solid ratio. The conditions of the extraction were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield and the extraction purity of SDG was 16.25 mg/g and 3.86%, respectively. The efficiency of NPCE was compared with that of conventional extraction methods. Our results demonstrated that NPCE was comparable to the well-known ultrasound-assisted extraction in term of extraction yield and purity. This extraction technique has advantages of less time-consuming, low solvent usage and high throughput capability.
Does Motivation for Exercise Influence Post-Exercise Snacking Behavior?
Authors: Dimmock James , Guelfi Kym , West Jessica , Masih Tasmiah , Jackson Ben
Published: June 2015

It is well established that regular exercise plays an important role in achieving a number of health and wellbeing outcomes. However, certain post-exercise behaviors, including the consumption of unhealthy high-calorie foods, can counteract some of the benefits of physical activity. There are at least three overlapping pathways through which exercise may increase the likelihood of consuming pleasurable but unhealthy foods: through impulsive cognitive processes, reflective cognitive processes, and/or physiological responses. It is argued in this paper that motivation toward exercise can influence each of these pathways. Drawing from literature from various domains, we postulate that controlled exercise motivation, as opposed to autonomous exercise motivation, is more likely to influence each of these pathways in a manner that leaves individuals susceptible to the post-exercise consumption of pleasurable but unhealthy foods.
Perfluoro-p-xylene as a New Unique Monomer for Highly Stable Arylene Main-Chain Ionomers Applicable to Low-T and High-T Fuel Cell Membranes
Authors: Hajdok Imre , Atanasov Vladimir , Kerres Jochen
Published: June 2015

In this study, we present the synthesis and the characterization of novel functionalized arylene main-chain ionomers based on perfluoro-p-xylene (PFX). The polymers were prepared by polycondensation of PFX and 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl or bisphenol 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-hexafluoropropane (bisphenol AF). After polymerization, the PFX unit was still able to undergo nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, which was used to introduce phosphonic acid groups into the polymer via a reaction with tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite. Furthermore, electrophilic sulfonation of these polymers was possible in the bisphenol unit when using H2SO4/SO3 as the sulfonation agent. The so-obtained water-soluble PFX-based polyelectrolytes showed excellent chemical stability and were blended with polybenzimidazoles. The blend membranes formed flexible and mechanically robust films with excellent chemical and thermal stabilities.
Using an OBCD Approach and Landsat TM Data to Detect Harvesting on Nonindustrial Private Property in Upper Michigan
Authors: Tortini Riccardo , Mayer Audrey , Maianti Pieralberto
Published: June 2015

Forest dynamics influence climate, biodiversity, and livelihoods at multiple scales, yet current resource policy addressing these dynamics is ineffective without reliable land use land cover change data. The collective impact of harvest decisions by many small forest owners can be substantial at the landscape scale, yet monitoring harvests and regrowth in these forests is challenging. Remote sensing is an obvious route to detect and monitor small-scale land use dynamics over large areas. Using an annual series of Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images and a GIS shapefile of property boundaries, we identified units where harvests occurred from 2005 to 2011 using an Object-Based Change Detection (OBCD) approach. Percent of basal area harvested was verified using stand-level harvest data. Our method detected all harvests above 20% basal area removal in all forest types (northern hardwoods, mixed deciduous/coniferous, coniferous), on properties as small as 10 acres (0.4 ha; approximately four Landsat pixels). Our results had a resolution of about 10% basal area (that is, a selective harvest removal of 30% could be distinguished from one of 40%). Our method can be automated and used to measure annual harvest rates and intensities for large areas of the United States, providing critical information on land use transition.
Evaluation of BRDF Archetypes for Representing Surface Reflectance Anisotropy Using MODIS BRDF Data
Authors: Zhang Hu , Jiao Ziti , Dong Yadong , Li Xiaowen
Published: June 2015

Bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) archetypes extracted from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) BRDF/Albedo product over the global Earth Observing System Land Validation Core Sites can be used to simplify BRDF models. The present study attempts to evaluate the representativeness of BRDF archetypes for surface reflectance anisotropy. Five-year forward-modeled MODIS multi-angular reflectance (MCD-ref) and aditional actual MODIS multi-angular observations (MCD-obs) in four growing periods in 2008 over three tiles were taken as validation data. First, BRDF archetypes in the principal plane were qualitatively compared with the time-series MODIS BRDF product of randomly sampled pixels. Secondly, BRDF archetypes were used to fit MCD-ref, and the average root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) over each tile were examined for these five years. Finally, both BRDF archetypes and the MODIS BRDF were used to fit MCD-obs, and the histograms of the fit-RMSEs were compared. The consistency of the directional reflectance between the BRDF archetypes and MODIS BRDFs in nadir-view, hotspot and entire viewing hemisphere at 30° and 50° solar geometries were also examined. The results confirm that BRDF archetypes are representative of surface reflectance anisotropy for available snow-free MODIS data.
Symmetry Extraction in High Sensitivity Melanoma Diagnosis
Authors: Guerra-Segura Elyoenai , Travieso-González Carlos , Alonso-Hernández Jesús , Ravelo-García Antonio , Carretero Gregorio
Published: June 2015

Melanoma diagnosis depends on the experience of doctors. Symmetry is one of the most important factors to measure, since asymmetry shows an uncontrolled growth of cells, leading to melanoma cancer. A system for melanoma detection in diagnosing melanocytic diseases with high sensitivity is proposed here. Two different sets of features are extracted based on the importance of the ABCD rule and symmetry evaluation to develop a new architecture. Support Vector Machines are used to classify the extracted sets by using both an alternative labeling method and a structure divided into two different classifiers which prioritize sensitivity. Although feature extraction is based on former works, the novelty lies in the importance given to symmetry and the proposed architecture, which combines two different feature sets to obtain a high sensitivity, prioritizing the medical aspect of diagnosis. In particular, a database provided by Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín was tested, obtaining a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 66.66% using a leave-one-out validation method. These results show that 66.66% of biopsies would be avoided if this system is applied to lesions which are difficult to classify by doctors.
A Multi-Criteria Model Selection Protocol for Practical Applications to Nutrient Transport at the Catchment Scale
Authors: Tuo Ye , Chiogna Gabriele , Disse Markus
Published: June 2015

Process-based models are widely used to investigate nutrient dynamics for water management purposes. Simulating nutrient transport and transformation processes from agricultural land into water bodies at the catchment scale are particularly relevant and challenging tasks for water authorities. However, few practical methods guide inexperienced modelers in the selection process of an appropriate model. In particular, data availability is a key aspect in a model selection protocol, since a large number of models contain the functionalities to predict nutrient fate and transport, yet a smaller number is applicable to specific datasets. In our work, we aim at providing a model selection protocol fit for practical application with particular emphasis on data availability, cost-benefit analysis and user’s objectives. We select for illustrative purposes five process-based models with different complexity as “candidates” models: SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model), GWLF (Generalized Watershed Loading Function), AnnAGNPS (Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution model) and HSPF (Hydrological simulation program-FORTRAN). The models are described in terms of hydrological and chemical output and input requirements. The model selection protocol considers data availability, model characteristics and user’s objectives and it is applied to hypothetical scenarios. This selection method is particularly formulated to choose process-based models for nutrient modeling, but it can be generalized for other applications which are characterized by a similar degree of complexity.
Problèmes de corrélation des niveaux quaternaires dans les piémonts nord-sahariens
Authors: Coque René , Rognon Pierre
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Après un rappel des caractéristiques géomorphologiques des piémonts nord-sahariens, les différents critères utilisés dans l'établissement de corrélations entre les niveaux et les formations quaternaires sont examinés d'un point de vue critique. Puis les problèmes de leurs corrélations sont posés en fonction de l'interférence des fluctuations climatiques et des aspects de la néotectonique, dont la connaissance a été renouvelée ces années dernières.
Présentation de l'exposition « A la découverte de la Terre »
Authors: Pelletier Monique , Pinchemel Philippe
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Les quatre thèmes de l'exposition « A la découverte de la Terre » sont : les anciennes représentations du monde, les plans militaires, le levé de carte traditionnel, les atlas de vulgarisation.
Géographie et Cartographie, réflexions historiques et épistémologiques
Authors: Pinchemel Philippe
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - History of geography and history of cartography have been often separated. The language of maps portrays, in a specific manner, the earth's surface by : the verticality of vision (substitute to aerial view), the projections, the choice of facts to map, the signs which express them. Geographical concepts proceed mostly from maps ; geographical space appears through three processes : toponymy, human mensuration, humanization. The original language of geography is the print of the societies on earth's surface ; the cartographic language is the transcription of this geographical writing.
Revue de travaux récents en volcanologie (A review of some volcanological publications)
Authors: Derruau Max
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - A review of recent books and publications about volcanology.
Volcanisme alcalin et phréatomagmatisme. Leur rôle dans la morphogénèse plio-quaternaire en basse Tafna (Algérie) (Alcaline volcanism and phreatomagmatism. Their contribution to plio-quaternary landform evolution in lower Tafna, Algeria)
Authors: Remaoun Khadidja
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The volcanic units of the Tafna area, Algeria, range from 4.5 M.A. to Lower Quaternary. Lava flows and phreatomagmatic features show various land forms : cones, maars, composite volcanoes, dissected tableland, lava flows dipping into maars, straight or arcuate dykes.
Processus d'érosion dans la caldera du Mont Usu (Japon) après les éruptions de 1977-1978 (Erosion processes in the caldera of Mount Usu, Japan, after the eruptions of 1977-1978)
Authors: Chinen Tamio
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Après les éruptions de cendres et de ponces de 1977-1978 du Mont Usu (Hokkaido), les processus d'érosion ont été modifiés dans la caldera pendant 4 ans. L'un des bassins-versants a connu un taux d'érosion extraordinairement élevé pendant ces 4 années. Le taux a diminué 3 ans après le dernier dépôt de téphra, mais avant la recolonisation végétale et la prise de mesures préventives contre l'érosion.
Les inondations et le calage en altitude des plates-formes des centrales nucléaires (Flood-hazard and nuclear power stations building)
Authors: Bréard Guy
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Les plates-formes de construction des centrales nucléaires sont calées en altitude en fonction des risques d'inondation calculés à partir des événements les plus pénalisants ramenés à leur fréquence millennale et majorés de 15 %. Pour éviter que ces remblais dans la zone d'écoulement des crues modifient la relation hauteur-débit pendant les hautes eaux et les crues, des recalibrages du lit mineur et des rescindements des berges et des îles sont réalisés. En milieu estuarien, les coefficients de marée et les surcotes, essentiellement liés à la houle et au vent (direction et force), sont également pris en compte. La surcote exceptionnelle de la nuit du 15 au 16 octobre 1987, dans l'estuaire de la Loire, est décrite.
L'impact de la crue et de l'inondation de fin mars 1973 sur le lit fluvial et la plaine alluviale de la basse Mejerda (The impact of the flood at the end of march 1973 upon the bed and alluvial plain of the lower Mejerda)
Authors: Bomer Bernard , Naoui Lofti
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Des documents nombreux permettent de préciser l'impact d'une crue exceptionnelle sur les modelés dans la partie aval du cours de la Mejerda (Tunisie) : tronçon fortement encaissé dans la plaine alluviale en amont, plaine deltaïque à pente forte en aval.
Les escarpements submergés de la Meseta ibérique (Evolution morphologique actuelle de formes structurales sous-marines) (The submarine escarpements of the iberian Meseta and their present evolution)
Authors: Regnauld Hervé , Rojouan F.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Submarine escarpments of the iberian meseta result of secondary distention and tertiary compressions. In some cases present evolution tends to increase their height by piling up new sediment at the top and digging new channels at their feet. Neotectonics play some part in Vigo mountain. Most of the present time evolution tends to lessen the escarpments height, by eroding or hurrying them. So the continental slope is prograding seaward as it progressively overwhelms escarpments.
Remarques sur la géomorphologie structurale des socles (Remarks concerning structural morphology in cratonic regions)
Authors: Battiau-Queney Yvonne
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Une définition des socles est proposée, qui met l'accent sur le style, l'ampleur et le rythme des déformations tectoniques, essentiellement verticales. A l'échelle des unités morphostructurales que sont les socles, ce sont les propriétés de la croûte continentale et les contraintes que supporte cette croûte qui commandent les mouvements verticaux et donc les grands traits du relief. La lithologie n'intervient qu'à l'échelle des formes moyennes. Les Iles Britanniques et la façade atlantique des Etats-Unis permettent d'étayer ces conceptions. La géologie de surface ne pouvant à elle seule expliquer les grands volumes topographiques, le géomorphologue doit s'intéresser aussi aux caractéristiques de la lithosphère sous- jacente, s'il veut comprendre les formes majeures.
Le glissement de La Valette (Barcelonnette) (The landslide of La Valette, near Barcelonnette)
Authors: Evin Michèle
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - An important landslide (1 km2) has been moving since 1982 above the little town of Barcelonnette (french Alps). It displaces 3 millions m3 of detritic material from flyschs and morainic formations, pushing down 600 000 m3 of mud and silt. These mass movements are triggered by rainfall and snowmelting. A permanent survey is assumed by the R.T.M., which tries and prevents damages.
Fortes pluies et érosion des sols. L'orage de mai 1988 dans la Sarthe (Heavy rains and soil erosion in the Sarthe, France)
Authors: Dufour Jeanne , Gravier Jacques , Larue Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - L'orage accompagné de pluies d'une exceptionnelle intensité survenu dans l'est de la Sarthe dans la nuit du 7 au 8 mai 1988 est étudié avec ses causes et ses conséquences : énormes coulées boueuses et vigoureuse érosion, surtout dans les sols sableux dépourvus de couverture végétale protectrice. L'essor des cultures de maïs et de tournesol inquiète d'autant plus que mai est un mois à risques en ce qui concerne le retour possible de grosses pluies orageuses.
La problématique (The problematic)
Authors: Wackermann Gabriel
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Les espaces frontaliers sont devenus des observatoires très sensibles aux changements géographiques. Depuis les positions figées reflétant une forte immobilité, et s' exprimant à travers des discontinuités multiples, jusqu'à la banalisation, voire la fossilisation, traduites par des continuités réelles, ils témoignent des enjeux et des bouleversements géopolitiques dont on a souvent sous-estimé les facettes culturelles.
La mosaïque socio-économique et culturelle du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Situation actuelle et défis (The social, economic and demographic impact of immigration in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg)
Authors: Gengler Claude
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg is an immigration area. With more than 100 000 foreign residents and more than 30 000 frontier workers you can say it's a real melting pot. This paper is going to present the demographic, the economic and the cultural impact represented by this presence. It is also developping some worrying problems posed by this phenomenon on both sides, the luxemburgish and the foreign one.
Terrain d'affrontement : la relecture d'une controverse scientifique (1902 - 1922) (Doing fieldwork : a scientific controversy in the french geography, 1902-1922)
Authors: Calbérac Yann , Hugonie Gérard
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Studying the controversy which opposed geographers not only to sociologists who claimed Durkheim 's legacy but also to an historian such as Lucien Febvre during the first two decades of the 20th century sheds light on the role played by fieldwork — as well as its polysemy as its complexity — in Vidal de La Blache 's founding works which legitimize geography as an academic subject.
Entre proximité et distance : le terrain pour le géographe urbain (Between proximity and distance : where do we place the field in urban geography)
Authors: Vieillard-Baron Hervé , Hugonie Gérard
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Ce texte a pour but de clarifier l'approche du terrain en géographie urbaine à partir d'un itinéraire singulier et de souligner les pièges que révèle une proximité non maîtrisée. En première analyse, le terrain apparaît comme l'espace des pratiques quotidiennes, le lieu de l'expérience et l'école de la vie. Mais ce terrain n'est pas un absolu; il dépend de celui qui l'appréhende. A peine perçu, il est déjà construit, délimité, théorisé... L'article répertorie ensuite les nécessaires procédures de mise à distance ; il montre enfin comment s'articulent en France le travail sur les terrains urbains sensibles et l'investissement sur le local.
Le « terrain » pour les géomorphologues français aujourd'hui (Fieldwork as viewed by french geomorphologists today)
Authors: Giusti Christian , Hugonie Gérard
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Le dépouillement de 43 questionnaires abordant (A) la définition de la géomorphologie et du terrain, (B) les aspects matériels de la pratique du terrain et (C) la méthodologie des observations permet de préciser les contenus que les géomorphologues français reconnaissent aujourd'hui à la notion polysémique de « terrain ». Au sens le plus large, le « terrain » est d'abord un cadre spatial : celui des espaces référents de la recherche. Ces espaces soumis à des grilles de lectures pré-définies deviennent producteurs de données : le « terrain » est alors un espace configuré par la pratique elle-même. La pluralité des outils conceptuels, des techniques d'étude, des pratiques, explique qu'un même « terrain » soit à l'origine d'objets construits très différents, a fortiori en contexte de « révolution scientifique » au sens de Kuhn.
Le « terrain » en géographie culturelle ou l'impératif d'un effort de théorisation (Fieldwork in cultural geography or the need for a theory)
Authors: Ghorra-Gobin Cynthia , Moriniaux Vincent , Hugonie Gérard
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - La géographie culturelle qui analyse les pratiques culturelles ainsi que les représentations sociales et culturelles des acteurs pour expliquer un paysage ou encore l'organisation spatiale d'une ville exige un travail de terrain. Toutefois une enquête menée en 2006 auprès de chercheurs français souligne leur faible intérêt pour le travail de terrain. D 'où l'impératif d'une théorisation du travail de terrain si on veut éviter à la géographie culturelle d'être assimilée aux « cultural studies ».