bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disparities in funding for Nobel Prize awards in medicine and physiology across nationalities, races, and gender
Authors: Neikirk Kit , Vue Zer , Vue Neng , Barongan Taylor , Vang Chia , Beasley Heather K. , Marshall Andrea G. , Kirabo Annet , Wanajalla Celestine N. , Smith Nathan , Morton Derrick , Shuler Haysetta D. , Hinton Antentor
Published: January 2024

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine has been awarded to numerous individuals for their outstanding contributions. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the Nobel Prize recipients, focusing on gender, race, and nationality. We observe that an alarming disparity emerges when we examine the underrepresentation of Black scientists among Nobel laureates. Furthermore, trends in nationalities show how Americans make up the majority of Nobel Prize winners, while there is a noticeable lack of gender and racial minority winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. Together, this highlights the importance of diversity and inclusion in scientific achievement. We offer suggestions and techniques, including funding opportunities and expanding nominators, to improve the gender, racial, and geographical diversity of Nobel Prizes.
Speaking up for the invisible minority: First‐generation students in higher education
Authors: Kamalumpundi Vijayvardhan , Silvers Sophielle , Franklin Latisha , Neikirk Kit , Spencer Elsie , Beasley Heather K. , Wanajalla Celestine N. , Vue Zer , Crabtree Amber , Kirabo Annet , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Damo Steven M. , McReynolds Melanie R. , Odie Latanya Hammonds , Murray Sandra A. , Zavala Maria Elena , Vazquez Arnaldo Diaz , Hinton Antentor
Published: January 2024

A first‐generation college student is typically defined as a student whose biological parent(s) or guardian(s) never attended college or who started but did not finish college. However, “first‐generation” can represent diverse family education situations. The first‐generation student community is a multifaceted, and intersectional group of individuals who frequently lack educational/financial resources to succeed and, consequently, require supportive environments with rigorous mentorship. However, first‐generation students often do not make their identity as first‐generation students known to others due to several psychosocial and academic factors. Therefore, they are often “invisible minorities” in higher education. In this paper, we describe the diverse family situations of first‐generation students, further define “first‐generation,” and suggest five actions that first‐generation trainees at the undergraduate/graduate stages can engage in to succeed in an academic climate. We also provide suggestions for mentors to accommodate first‐generation students' unique experiences and equip them with tools to deliver intentional mentoring practices. We hope that this paper will help promote first‐generation student success throughout the academic pipeline.
Exercise training response according to baseline ferrokinetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A substudy of the TRAINING‐HF trial
Authors: Palau Patricia , López Laura , Domínguez Eloy , de La Espriella Rafael , Campuzano Raquel , Castro Almudena , Miñana Gema , Fernández‐Cisnal Agustin , Sanchis Juan , Núñez Julio
Published: January 2024

Background

Iron deficiency (ID) is associated with impaired functional capacity in patients with heart failure (HF), even in those with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of baseline ferrokinetics on peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2) improvement after a 12‐week physical therapy programme in patients with stable HFpEF.

Methods

This study is a post‐hoc sub‐analysis of a randomized clinical trial in which 59 stable patients with HFpEF were randomized to receive a 12‐week programme of inspiratory muscle training (IMT), functional electrical stimulation (FES), IMT + FES or usual care (UC) to evaluate change in peakVO2 (NCT02638961). Serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) determinations were assessed at baseline. ID was defined as ferritin <100 ng/mL and/or TSAT <20% if ferritin was within 100–299 ng/mL. We used a linear mixed regression model to analyse between‐treatment changes in peakVO2 across ferrokinetics status at 12 and 24 weeks.

Results

The mean age was 74 ± 9 years, and 36 (61%) had ID. The mean of peakVO2 was 9.9 ± 2.5 mL/kg/min. The median of ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) was 91 (50–181) ng/mL and 23% (16–30), respectively. A total of 52 patients completed the trial (13 patients per arm). Compared with those patients on UC, patients allocated to any of the active arms showed less improvement in peak VO2 when they showed ID (P‐value for interaction <0.001), lower values of ferritin (P‐value for interaction <0.001), or TSAT (P‐value for interaction <0.001).

Conclusions

Ferrokinetics status plays an essential role in modifying the aerobic capacity response to physical therapies in patients with HFpEF. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Families' experiences accessing care after genomic sequencing in the pediatric cancer context: “It's just been a big juggle”
Authors: Vuocolo Blake , Gutierrez Amanda M. , Robinson Jill O. , Recinos Alva M. , Desrosiers Lauren R. , Majumder Mary A. , Bernini Juan Carlos , Gill Jonathan , Griffin Timothy , Tomlinson Gail E. , Vallance Kelly , McGuire Amy L. , Parsons D. Williams , Plon Sharon E. , Scollon Sarah
Published: January 2024

Access to genomic sequencing (GS) and resulting recommendations have not been well described in pediatric oncology. GS results may provide a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) diagnosis that warrants screening and specialist visits beyond cancer treatment, including testing or surveillance for family members. The Texas KidsCanSeq (KCS) Study evaluated implementation of GS in a diverse pediatric oncology population. We conducted semi‐structured interviews (n = 20) to explore experiences of KCS patients' families around learning about a CPS diagnosis and following up on recommended care. We used qualitative content analysis to develop themes and subthemes across families' descriptions of their experiences accessing care and to understand which factors presented barriers and/or facilitators. We found participants had difficulty differentiating which follow‐up care recommendations were made for their child's current cancer treatment versus the CPS. In families' access to follow‐up care for CPS, organizational factors were crucial: travel time and distance were common hardships, while coordination of care to streamline multiple appointments with different providers helped facilitate CPS care. Financial factors also impacted families' access to CPS‐related follow‐up care: having financial assistance and insurance were facilitators for families, while costs and lack of insurance posed as barriers for patients who lost coverage during transitions from pediatric to adult care, and for adult family members who had no coverage. Factors related to beliefs and perceptions, specifically perceiving the risk as less salient to them and feeling overwhelmed with the patient's cancer care, presented barriers to follow‐up care primarily for family members. Regarding social factors, competing life priorities made it difficult for families to access follow‐up care, though having community support alleviated these barriers. We suggest interventions to improve coordination of cancer treatment and CPS‐related care and adherence to surveillance protocols for families as children age, such as care navigators and integrating longitudinal genetic counseling into hereditary cancer centers.
Issues, challenges, and future perspectives of genetic counseling in Republic of Korea: Perspectives of laboratory physicians based on a 2022 survey
Authors: Seo Soo Hyun , Kim Namhee , Yoo Jongha , Kim Do‐Hoon , Kim Jieun , Huh Jungwon , Kong Sun‐Young , Seo Eul Joo ,   The committee of Genetic Counseling in Korean Society for Genetic Diagnostics (KSGD)
Published: January 2024

The field of genetic counseling (GC) in the Republic of Korea has evolved from a single medical doctor's clinic to a multidisciplinary service with medical geneticists and non‐medical professionals working as a team. Here, we assessed the current status of GC in the Republic of Korea based on professional surveys from the perspective of laboratory physicians. An electronic survey was designed and conducted, with the respondents being 50 certified laboratory physicians who were members of the Korean Society for Genetic Diagnostics. Among the 50 respondents, 12 (24%) operated GC clinics. The number of sessions and cases of GC have been on the rise over the last few years, and counseling for cancer genetics was the most common request. Most respondents considered a good understanding of the genetic test and the ability to interpret the test results as strengths of laboratory physicians as medical geneticists, while the lack of clinical experience was a weakness. Education programs regarding laboratory physicians' needs should be provided for high‐quality counseling. Lastly, improving the efficiency of GC by strengthening the workforce through a multidisciplinary team is necessary.
MRI Gadolinium‐Based Contrast Media: Meeting Radiological, Clinical, and Environmental Needs
Authors: Bendszus Martin , Laghi Andrea , Munuera Josep , Tanenbaum Lawrence N. , Taouli Bachir , Thoeny Harriet C.
Published: January 2024

Gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) are routinely used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They are essential for choosing the most appropriate medical or surgical strategy for patients with serious pathologies, particularly in oncologic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. However, GBCAs have been associated with an increased risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with renal failure, as well as the possibility of deposition in the brain, bones, and other organs, even in patients with normal renal function. Research is underway to reduce the quantity of gadolinium injected, without compromising image quality and diagnosis. The next generation of GBCAs will enable a reduction in the gadolinium dose administered. Gadopiclenol is the first of this new generation of GBCAs, with high relaxivity, thus having the potential to reduce the gadolinium dose while maintaining good in vivo stability due to its macrocyclic structure. High‐stability and high‐relaxivity GBCAs will be one of the solutions for reducing the dose of gadolinium to be administered in clinical practice, while the development of new technologies, including optimization of MRI acquisitions, new contrast mechanisms, and artificial intelligence may help reduce the need for GBCAs. Future solutions may involve a combination of next‐generation GBCAs and image‐processing techniques to optimize diagnosis and treatment planning while minimizing exposure to gadolinium.

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Relative importance of global warming, the IPO, and the AMO in surface air temperature and terrestrial precipitation
Authors: Xu ChengYu , Tao Li , Rong YiNeng , Xu Chuan
Published: January 2024

The relative importance of oceanic modes to global surface air temperature (SAT) and terrestrial precipitation during 1934–2020 was investigated using a variety of statistical and dynamical system methods. Through singular spectrum analysis, we present the distribution of decadal (10–20‐year), multidecadal (20–50‐year), and secular (>50‐year) variabilities of global SAT and terrestrial precipitation anomalies. Three sea surface temperature modes were identified by singular value decomposition that affect the low‐frequency variabilities of global SAT and terrestrial precipitation anomalies—namely, global warming (GW), the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The relative importance GW, the IPO, and the AMO in SAT and terrestrial precipitation was obtained through a normalized multivariate information flow analysis. Besides a high information flow percentage (60%) from GW to global SAT, especially over the northern Indian Ocean and tropical West Pacific, information flow from the AMO to the northwestern Pacific was also found. In terms of terrestrial precipitation, a large area with a wet trend was found over Eurasia at mid‐to‐high latitudes, and this trend was especially remarkable in the boreal winter half‐year (November–April), as compared with that in the boreal summer half‐year (May–October). By employing artificial neutral networks with a self‐organized map to cluster the key patterns of vertically integrated water vapour flux, we found that the synoptic circulation related to the wet trend is characterized by westerly flow that transports water vapour from the northeastern Atlantic to Eurasia, which is favourable for precipitation there both in the boreal winter and summer half‐year.
Dermatological manifestations in the intensive care unit of a third‐level hospital
Authors: Méndez‐Flores Silvia , Mireles‐Alvarez Cynthia Andrea , Barrera‐Godinez Alejando , Dominguez‐Cherit Judith
Published: January 2024

Background

Dermatologic diseases are common in patients being treated in intensive care units (ICU). However, due to the seriousness of the patient's condition, skin diseases take a backseat, although these are sometimes the cause of the greatest deterioration. Very few studies focusing on these dermatoses have been undertaken.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and spectrum of dermatological disorders in patients treated in a medical ICU of a tertiary care centre.

Methods

This was a descriptive study conducted over a period of 8 months. All the patients admitted to the medical ICU were examined for the presence of any pre‐existing or newly developed dermatological disorder. Dermatological disorders were initially classified into infective and noninfective. Patients with dermatological findings were classified into two groups: those who survived and those who died; they were compared with each other with respect to age and sex distribution, length of ICU stay and dermatological findings.

Results

Out of 776 cases admitted to the ICU during the study period, dermatological disorders were observed in 164 (21.13%) cases. Life‐threatening dermatological disorders were seen in 3.05% of cases. Twenty‐nine (17.68%) patients with dermatological findings died. Among these cases, infectious dermatological disorders were significantly less common, while no significant difference was observed for reactive dermatological disorders.

Conclusions

Dermatological disorders in ICU are common and have a wide spectrum. They often need treatment and may be indicative of underlying potentially fatal systemic illness. Besides, a subset of cutaneous lesions may develop in response to various medical interventions, immunosuppression and immobility. Knowledge of such dermatoses is thus essential, both for the intensivist and dermatologist.
Recent Progress in the Endosomal Escape Mechanism and Chemical Structures of Polycations for Nucleic Acid Delivery
Authors: Mehta Mohit J. , Kim Hyun Jin , Lim Sung Been , Naito Mitsuru , Miyata Kanjiro
Published: January 2024

Nucleic acid‐based therapies are seeing a spiralling surge. Stimuli‐responsive polymers, especially pH‐responsive ones, are gaining widespread attention because of their ability to efficiently deliver nucleic acids. These polymers can be synthesized and modified according to target requirements, such as delivery sites and the nature of nucleic acids. In this regard, the endosomal escape mechanism of polymer–nucleic acid complexes (polyplexes) remains a topic of considerable interest owing to various plausible escape mechanisms. This review describes current progress in the endosomal escape mechanism of polyplexes and state‐of‐the‐art chemical designs for pH‐responsive polymers. The importance is also discussed of the acid dissociation constant (i.e., pKa) in designing the new generation of pH‐responsive polymers, along with assays to monitor and quantify the endosomal escape behavior. Further, the use of machine learning is addressed in pKa prediction and polymer design to find novel chemical structures for pH responsiveness. This review will facilitate the design of new pH‐responsive polymers for advanced and efficient nucleic acid delivery.
A Review in Polymers for Fluid Loss Control in Drilling Operations
Authors: Li Ao , Gao Shangdong , Zhang Guiqing , Zeng Yinan , Hu Yangyang , Zhai Runsha , Dong Anjie , Zhang Jianhua
Published: January 2024

The ever‐increasing consumption of fossil energy highlights the urgent need to develop technologies to ensure the efficient drilling and exploration of oil and gas resources mainly distributed in deep layers. The complex geological conditions in deep formations with the feature of high temperature, high pressure, and high salinity result in high requirements for the performance of drilling fluids. Various additives are demonstrated to decide the physicochemical properties and functional characteristics of water‐based drilling fluids. As one of the most widely used additives in water‐based drilling fluids, various polymeric filtrate reducers play an important role in minimizing fluid loss, maintaining wellbore stability, ensuring drilling safety and efficiency as well as avoiding formation damage. Herein the design, preparation, and applications of polymer‐based filtrate reducers for fluid loss control in drilling operation are comprehensively summarized. The spotlight is centered on the design strategies and structure–property–performance relationships of polymeric filtrate reducers to minimize fluid loss under high temperature, high pressure, and high salinity conditions. Future perspectives for achieving excellent comprehensive performance are also discussed to motivate new strategies and technologies to design and develop high‐performance drilling fluids with optimal rheological and filtration properties.
Polyacetylene‐Based Asymmetric Bicyclic Polymer by Blocking‐Cyclization Technique
Authors: Ma Cuihong , Wang Hao , Sun Ruyi , Liao Xiaojuan , Han Huijing , Xie Meiran
Published: January 2024

A rare asymmetric bicyclic polymer containing different length of conjugated polyacetylene segments is synthesized by metathesis cyclopolymerization‐mediated blocking‐cyclization technique. The size of each single ring differs from each other, and the unique cyclic polymer topology is controlled by adjusting the feed ratio of monofunctional monomer to catalyst. The topological difference between linear and bicyclic polymers is confirmed by several techniques, and the visualized morphology of asymmetric bicyclic polymer is directly observed without tedious post‐modification process. The photoelectric and thermal properties of polymers are investigated. This work expands the pathway for the derivation of cyclic polymers, and such unique topological structure enriches the diversity of cyclic polymer classes.
Investigation of product quality and advertising: Government intervention in advertising
Authors: Park Soohoon , Lee Pyoungsoo , Yoo Seung Ho
Published: January 2024

We investigate the joint operations and marketing decisions of a manufacturer under government intervention in advertising. We introduce four possible intervention scenarios: no government intervention, proactive intervention to maximize social welfare, proactive intervention to protect consumer rights, and reactive intervention by imposing penalties. We obtain the firm's best joint decision on product quality and advertising in response to the government's intervention. The investigation results reveal that there is no one‐size‐fits‐all strategy. The goal of consumer protection can damage the total welfare of society, while the pursuit of social welfare harms consumer rights. The government needs to carefully consider not only the characteristics of products and consumer markets to determine how it intervenes but also the effect of its policies on overall performance. It is recommended to control misleading advertising by imposing penalties reactively. By imposing penalties differently, consumer rights can be protected, while enhancing the total welfare of society. The investigation results also have important implications for business managers. There is a best mix of operations and marketing decisions that properly responds to each government policy and achieves the best profit performance.
The role of Toll‐like receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders: Immunopathology, treatment, and management
Authors: Saleki Kiarash , Alijanizadeh Parsa , Javanmehr Nima , Rezaei Nima
Published: January 2024

Neuropsychiatric disorders denote a broad range of illnesses involving neurology and psychiatry. These disorders include depressive disorders, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, headaches, and epilepsy. In addition to their main neuropathology that lies in the central nervous system (CNS), lately, studies have highlighted the role of immunity and neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are innate receptors that act as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems via adaptor proteins (e.g., MYD88) and downstream elements; TLRs are classified into 13 families that are involved in normal function and illnesses of the CNS. TLRs expression affects the course of neuropsychiatric disorders, and is influenced during their pharmacotherapy; For example, the expression of multiple TLRs is normalized during the major depressive disorder pharmacotherapy. Here, the role of TLRs in neuroimmunology, treatment, and management of neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed. We recommend longitudinal studies to comparatively assess the cell‐type‐specific expression of TLRs during treatment, illness progression, and remission. Also, further research should explore molecular insights into TLRs regulation and related pathways.
B‐almost periodic solutions in finite‐dimensional distributions for octonion‐valued stochastic shunting inhibitory cellular neural networks
Authors: Huo Nina , Li Yongkun
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we consider a class of octonion‐valued stochastic shunting inhibitory cellular neural networks with delays. First, we give an estimate of the distance between two different moments of finite‐dimensional distributions of a stochastic process. Then, based on this and by using fixed point theorems and inequality techniques, we establish the existence and global exponential stability of Besicovitch almost periodic (
‐almost periodic for short) solutions in finite‐dimensional distributions for this kind of networks. Our results are new even if the networks we consider in the paper are real‐valued ones. At the same time, the method proposed in this paper can be applied to study the existence of Besicovitch almost periodic solutions in finite‐dimensional distributions for other types of stochastic neural networks. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
Influence of a Surgical Mask on Voice Analysis in Dysphonic Patients During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Mehta Rupal , Mat Quentin , Maniaci Antonino , Lelubre Christophe , Duterme Jean‐Pierre
Published: January 2024

Objective

COVID‐19 has radically changed medical practice. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of surgical mask (SM) on voice quality analyzes in a group of patient with different common benign vocal organic pathologies.

Study Design

A cross‐over study.

Setting

A group of 20 patients with different organic benign vocal pathologies was recruited from the ENT consultation of the University Hospital of Charleroi in Belgium.

Methods

On the day of the assessment, each subject underwent an endonasal laryngeal videostroboscopy followed by a voice analysis (VA) with and without a new SM. The following parameters were analyzed: fundamental frequency, maximum frequency, range in amplitude and frequency of the voice, jitter and maximum phonatory time.

Results

In this research, we showed that VA can be performed with an SM while not changing the measured vocal parameters. These results also suggest that for the same individual a VA performed before the pandemic without SM could be compared to one with a SM to follow the patient's evolution of his or her voice quality.

Conclusion

The wearing of an SM during VA should always be recommended in case of immunodeficiency, a contagious disease of the patient or during a (new) pandemic.
Prediction and adjustment of elastic properties in three‐dimensional orthogonal woven composites through dual‐scale modeling
Authors: Jing Kunkun , Zhou Hui , Wang Hao , Yan Hongyu , Xie Suchao
Published: January 2024

Three‐dimensional (3D) orthogonal woven composites can overcome the drawback of weak interlaminar strengths in traditional laminated composites and exhibit excellent resistance to out‐of‐plane impact, however, the significant difference in properties in the in‐plane orthogonal direction will limit the potential range of application thereof. Predicting elastic properties and exploring methods of adjustment are therefore of paramount importance. Using computed tomography (CT) scanning to obtain detailed parameter models, a corresponding dual‐scale model of microscopic representative volume element (RVE) and mesoscopic RVE was established, and the accuracy of the model was experimentally validated, which can predict the elastic properties of materials. In addition, the influences of the yarn fiber volume fraction and weaving distance on elastic properties were evaluated using the elastic modulus visualization method, and a formula integrating these two factors is provided for adjustment of the in‐plane orthogonal Young's modulus.

Highlights

Experimentally validated microscale and mesoscale RVE models were established.

The influences of factors on elastic properties were visualized.

The relationship between Young's modulus and influencing factors was derived.

A reliable strategy for adjusting the in‐plane Young's modulus was proposed.
Surface saturation current densities of perovskite thin films from Suns‐photoluminescence quantum yield measurements
Authors: Chin Robert Lee , Soufiani Arman Mahboubi , Fassl Paul , Zheng Jianghui , Choi Eunyoung , Ho‐Baillie Anita , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Trupke Thorsten , Hameiri Ziv
Published: January 2024

We present a simple yet powerful analysis of Suns‐photoluminescence quantum yield measurements that can be used to determine the surface saturation current densities of thin film semiconductors. We apply the method to state‐of‐the‐art polycrystalline perovskite thin films of varying absorber thickness. We show that the non‐radiative bimolecular recombination in these samples originates from the surfaces. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate and quantify non‐linear (bimolecular) surface recombination in perovskite thin films.
Cell Size Effects and Distinct Current Conduction Behaviors for Hafnium‐Oxide‐Based Selectors with Vanadium as Top Electrode
Authors: Chen Po-Hsun , Lin Chih-Yang , Yeh Tsung-Han , Shou Cheng-Yun
Published: January 2024

Selector devices have been incorporated in the resistance random access memory to realize one‐selector‐one‐resistor device for the achievement of high‐density storage applications. Among many possible materials for selector devices, the metal–insulator transition mechanism of the vanadium oxide (VOx) is interesting due to its formation under the influence of temperature. Previous studies have also indicated that VOx is formed after high‐temperature annealing. Herein, the V/HfO2/TiN with different deice cell sizes is investigated. After the forming process, devices with small cell sizes can exhibit threshold switching (TS) characteristics, while devices with large cell sizes can show resistive switching property. Electrical measurements of DC and AC operations are also conducted to verify stable TS characteristics for selector applications. The current fitting method and the computer‐aid simulation are also carried out to compare different current conduction behaviors of devices with large and small cell sizes, which indicates that heat plays an important role in the formations of VOx layer of the V/HfO2/TiN device.
Pharmacokinetic study of osilodrostat and identification of mono‐hydroxylated metabolite in equine plasma for the purpose of doping control
Authors: Ishii Hideaki , Ishikawa Yuhiro , Mizobe Fumiaki , Nomura Motoi , Yamanaka Takashi , Tanabe Sohei , Nagata Shun‐ichi , Yamada Masayuki , Leung Gary Ngai‐Wa
Published: January 2024

Rationale

Osilodrostat is an inhibitor of 11‐beta‐hydroxylase (CYP11B) and is used for the treatment of Cushing's disease but also categorized as an anabolic agent. The use of osilodrostat is prohibited in horseracing and equestrian sports. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first metabolic study of osilodrostat in equine plasma.

Methods

Potential metabolites of osilodrostat were identified by differential analysis using data acquired from pre‐ and post‐administration plasma samples after protein precipitation with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/ESI–HRMS). [Correction added on 27 January 2023, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, “C–HRMS” was changed to “LC/ESI–HRMS” in this version.] For quantification of osilodrostat, a strong cation exchange solid‐phase extraction was employed, and the extracts were analyzed using LC/ESI–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI–QqQ‐MS/MS) to establish its elimination profile. Such extracts were further analyzed using LC/ESI–HRMS to investigate the detectability of osilodrostat and its identified mono‐hydroxylated metabolite over a 2‐week sampling period.

Results

Mono‐hydroxylated osilodrostat was identified based on the differential analysis and mass spectrometric interpretations, and it was found to be the most abundant metabolite in plasma. Elimination profile of osilodrostat in plasma was successfully established over the 24‐h post‐administration period. Both osilodrostat and its mono‐hydroxylated metabolite were detected up to the last sampling point at 2 weeks using HRMS, and osilodrostat could be confirmed up to 8‐day post‐administration with its reference material using HRMS as well.

Conclusions

For doping control, screening of both the parent drug osilodrostat and its mono‐hydroxylated metabolite in equine plasma would be recommended due to their extended detection windows of up to 2 weeks. Given the availability of reference material for potential confirmation in forensic samples, osilodrostat is considered the most appropriate monitoring target.
Apremilast is a Potentially Useful Treatment for Severe Palmoplantar Pustulosis with Extra-Palmoplantar Symptoms
Authors: Fukushima-Nomura Ayano , Takamiyagi Saeko , Kakuta Risa , Ito Yoshihiro , Hirai Ikuko , Umemoto Junichi , Hanaoka Hironari , Kaneko Yuko , Tanese Keiji
Published: January 2024

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting the palms and soles. In rare cases, severe patients develop acute extra-palmoplantar lesions often accompanied by arthralgia. Such cases with extensive symptoms often necessitate systemic treatments with variable efficacy and potential side effects. Apremilast, known for its broad immune response modulation, presents promise as a therapeutic option for severe PPP with joint and extra-palmoplantar lesions. This case highlights apremilast as a potential systemic treatment for such cases with minimal side effects.
A Case of Dupilumab-Induced Psoriasis-Like Eruption Treated with Baricitinib
Authors: Kinoshita Yuki , Imanishi Hisayoshi , Oshimo Tomoko , Tsuruta Daisuke
Published: January 2024

Dupilumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor alpha chain that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signalling. It is one of the systemic treatments for patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), which provides favourable safety and efficacy. We report a case of psoriasis-like eruption induced by dupilumab as an adverse effect in a patient with AD, immediately remitted after switching to baricitinib, which inhibits JAK1/2. Moreover, the atopic skin lesion also simultaneously went into remission upon baricitinib treatment. Baricitinib could be a favourable option for patients with AD who develop dupilumab-induced psoriasis-like eruption.
Composition‐Dependent NiS‐Enriched FeNi2S4/ZnCr2O4 Catalyst for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Begum Nazrana , Biswas Rathindranath , Roy Ayan , Ahmed Imtiaz , Thakur Pooja , Haldar Krishna Kanta
Published: January 2024

Transition metal sulfide and oxide nanomaterials are gaining popularity as catalysts for electrochemical water splitting because of their cost effectiveness, durability, and stability without using noble metals. Our study focuses on a hybrid electrocatalyst, NiS‐enriched FeNi2S4/ZnCr2O4, which is synthesized in two steps by sol‐gel followed through thermal decomposition in an aqueous solution by a hydrothermal process. We investigated its potential application in the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Powder X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses were used to determine the chemical composition and structure. The results showed that the FeNi2S4 structure has an enriched NiS phase. Additionally, the morphology of the synthesized FeNi2S4/ZnCr2O4 was revealed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). Under alkaline (1 M KOH) conditions, the FeNi2S4/ZnCr2O4 hybrid nanostructure showed a low overpotential value of 295 mV (Tafel slope, 59 mV dec−1) for OER activities due to the synergistic effects of FeNi2S4 and ZnCr2O4. Furthermore, the hybrid nanostructure demonstrated its long‐term stability and efficiency as an electrocatalyst for OER activities, surpassing previously reported superior electrocatalysts and state‐of‐the‐art materials.
Chemoselectivity Inversion of Responsive Metal–Organic Frameworks by Particle Size Tuning in the Micrometer Regime
Authors: Abylgazina Leila , Senkovska Irena , Engemann Richard , Bönisch Nadine , Gorelik Tatiana E. , Bachetzky Christopher , Kaiser Ute , Brunner Eike , Kaskel Stefan
Published: January 2024

Gated adsorption is one of the unique physical properties of flexible metal–organic frameworks with high application potential in selective adsorption and sensing of molecules. Despite recent studies that have provided some guidelines in understanding and designing structural flexibility for controlling gate opening by chemical modification of the secondary building units, currently, there is no established strategy to design a flexible MOF showing selective gated adsorption for a specific guest molecule. In a present contribution it is demonstrated for the first time, that the selectivity in the gate opening of a particular compound can be tuned, changed, and even reversed using particle size engineering DUT‐8(Zn) ([Zn2(2,6‐ndc)2(dabco)]n, 2,6‐ndc = 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylate, dabco = 1,4‐diazabicyclo‐[2.2.2]‐octane, DUT = Dresden University of Technology) experiences phase transition from open (op) to closed (cp) pore phase upon removal of solvent from the pores. Microcrystals show selective reopening in the presence of dichloromethane (DCM) over alcohols. Crystal downsizing to micron size unexpectedly reverses the gate opening selectivity, causing DUT‐8(Zn) to open its nanosized pores for alcohols but suppressing the responsivity toward DCM.
Kinetics Conditioning of (Electro) Chemically Stable Zn Anode with pH Regulation Toward Long‐Life Zn‐Storage Devices
Authors: Guo Yalan , Li Zhengang , Niu Ben , Chen Heng , Qiao Yu , Min Yulin , Wang Xin
Published: January 2024

The safety, low cost, and high power density of aqueous Zn‐based devices (AZDs) appeal to large‐scale energy storage. Yet, the presence of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and chemical corrosion in the AZDs leads to local OH− concentration increasement and the formation of ZnxSOy(OH)z•nH2O (ZHS) by‐products at the Zn/electrolyte interface, causing instability and irreversibility of the Zn‐anodes. Here, a strategy is proposed to regulate OH− by introducing a bio‐sourced/renewable polypeptide (ɛ‐PL) as a pH regulator in electrolyte. The consumption of OH− species is evaluated through in vitro titration and cell in vivo in situ attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy at a macroscopic and molecular level. The introduction of ɛ‐PL is found to significantly suppress the formation of ZHS and associated side reactions, and reduce the local coordinated H2O of the Zn2+ solvation shell, widening electrochemical stable window and suppressing OH− generation during HER. As a result, the inclusion of ɛ‐PL improves the cycle time of Zn/Zn symmetrical cells from 15 to 225 h and enhances the cycle time of aqueous Zn‐ I2 cells to 1650 h compared to those with pristine electrolytes. This work highlights the potential of kinetical OH− regulation for by‐product and dendrite‐free AZDs.
Supramolecular/Dynamic Covalent Design of High‐Performance Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive from Natural Low‐Molecular‐Weight Compounds
Authors: Luo Sha , Wang Na , Pan Yanjuan , Zheng Bo , Li Fenfang , Dong Shengyi
Published: January 2024

Adhesive materials have played an essential role in the history of humanity. Natural adhesives composed of low‐molecular‐weight monomers have been overshadowed by modern petroleum‐based glues. With the development of green economy, the demand for eco‐friendly materials has increased. Herein, two natural biocompatible compounds, namely thioctic acid (TA) and malic acid (MA), are selected to prepare a high‐performance pressure‐sensitive adhesive poly[TA‐MA]. This adhesive can be quantitatively obtained via a simple mixing and heating process. Poly[TA‐MA] shows interesting and useful properties, including reversible flexibility, high elongation, and good self‐healing, owing to its dynamic polymerization pattern and reversible cross‐linking behavior. Poly[TA‐MA] exhibits excellent adhesion performance under various extreme conditions, such as at low temperatures and in hot water. High values of shear strength (3.86 MPa), peel strength (7.90 N cm−1), loop tack (10.60 N cm−1), tensile strength (1.02 MPa), and shear resistance (1628 h) demonstrate the strong adhesive effect of poly[TA‐MA]. Additionally, TA can be regenerated in the monomer forms from poly[TA‐MA] with high recovery rate (>90%). Meanwhile, strong anti‐bacterial behavior of poly[TA‐MA] is recorded. This study not only reported a new pressure‐sensitive adhesive but also fully displayed the feasibility of using natural small molecules to achieve robust surface adhesion.
A Distinctive Insight into Inorganic Sonosensitizers: Design Principles and Application Domains
Authors: Qin Wen , Yang Qiaoling , Zhu Chunyan , Jiao Rong , Lin Xia , Fang Chao , Guo Jiaming , Zhang Kun
Published: January 2024

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) as a promising non‐invasive anti‐tumor means features the preferable penetration depth, which nevertheless, usually can't work without sonosensitizers. Sonosensitizers produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of ultrasound to directly kill tumor cells, and concurrently activate anti‐tumor immunity especially after integration with tumor microenvironment (TME)‐engineered nanobiotechnologies and combined therapy. Current sonosensitizers are classified into organic and inorganic ones, and current most reviews only cover organic sonosensitizers and highlighted their anti‐tumor applications. However, there have few specific reviews that focus on inorganic sonosensitizers including their design principles, microenvironment regulation, etc. In this review, inorganic sonosensitizers are first classified according to their design rationales rather than composition, and the action rationales and underlying chemistry features are highlighted. Afterward, what and how TME is regulated based on the inorganic sonosensitizers‐based SDT nanoplatform with an emphasis on the TME targets‐engineered nanobiotechnologies are elucidated. Additionally, the combined therapy and their applications in non‐cancer diseases are also outlined. Finally, the setbacks and challenges, and proposed the potential solutions and future directions is pointed out. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed horizon on inorganic sonosensitizers, and will arouse more attentions on SDT.
Optoelectrical Modeling of Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple‐Junction Solar Cells: Toward the Practical Efficiency Potential
Authors: Restat Luis , Messmer Christoph , Heydarian Maryamsadat , Heydarian Minasadat , Schoen Jonas , Schubert Martin C. , Glunz Stefan W.
Published: January 2024

Perovskite‐based triple‐junction solar cells offer the potential for highly efficient and cost‐effective photovoltaic energy conversion. This article aims to provide a roadmap for the optical properties of perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple‐junction cells. A comprehensive optoelectrical model for the perovskite/perovskite/silicon structure is developed in Sentaurus TCAD. The optical part of the model is validated by measurements of a triple‐junction solar cell. As the electrical characterization is an ongoing process, the electrical properties are assumed to be nonlimiting, which enables us to translate the optical improvement steps into efficiency potentials. A first improvement step lies in adjusting the thicknesses of the perovskite layers to achieve current matching between both perovskite subcells. Using perovskites with bandgaps optimized for planar surfaces, it would be possible to increase the photocurrent density to 13.3 mA cm−2 and the efficiency to 41.9%. It is shown that by implementing a fully textured structure and using the best available materials, a short‐circuit current of 14.1 mA cm−2 and an open‐circuit voltage of 3.48 V with an efficiency of 44.3% are possible assuming idealized electrical properties. This can be regarded as a practical efficiency potential for this kind of triple‐junction technology.
Model‐based digital twins of medicine dispensers for healthcare IoT applications
Authors: Sartaj Hassan , Ali Shaukat , Yue Tao , Moberg Kjetil
Published: January 2024

Healthcare applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) are often safety‐critical, thus, require extensive testing. Such applications are often connected to smart medical devices from various vendors. System‐level testing of such applications requires test infrastructures physically integrating medical devices, which is time and monetary‐wise expensive. Moreover, applications continuously evolve, for example, introducing new devices and users and updating software. Nevertheless, a test infrastructure enabling testing with a few devices is insufficient for testing healthcare IoT systems, hence compromising their dependability. In this paper, we propose a model‐based approach for the creation and operation of digital twins (DTs) of medicine dispensers as a replacement for physical devices to support the automated testing of IoT applications at scale. We evaluate our approach with an industrial IoT system with medicine dispensers in the context of Oslo City and its industrial partners, providing healthcare services to its residents. We study the fidelity of DTs in terms of their functional similarities with their physical counterparts: medicine dispensers. Results show that the DTs behave more than 92% similar to the physical medicine dispensers, providing a faithful replacement for the dispenser.
An application of systems thinking to group‐based organisations
Authors: Panda Debadutta Kumar
Published: January 2024

This study conceptualised self‐help groups (SHGs) from the behavioural systems perspective. It adopted the grounded theory approach for data collection and analysis; and the development of structural frameworks through causal inferences. The behavioural system of the SHGs had psychological and behavioural input (interest, motivation, intention, value, belief and need), psychological and behavioural process (adaptability, receptibility and cognitive ability), psychological and behavioural output (social behaviour, psychological behaviour, economical behaviour and ecological behaviour), and environment (macroeconomic environment, policy environment, social–cultural–political environment of village, and institutional environment of the village). The psychological and behavioural input, process, and output exhibited interdependencies. The conceptual categories within them showed causal interactions. The study provided a new lens to the debate on self‐help group‐based microentrepreneurship and group dynamics. The study found the systemic approach of SHG functioning and the peer pressure mechanisms built upon psychological and behavioural characteristics.
Dissection of the potential immunomodulatory activity materials and mechanism of Wu Shen Wan (a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription) based on in vivo substances profiling and network pharmacology
Authors: Zhang Haiqiang , Han Jinqin , Li Qiao , Nie Jianing , Han Luanwei , Yu Yang , Lv Chongning , Lu Jincai
Published: January 2024

In the present study, a comprehensive strategy based on substances profiling in vivo and network pharmacology method was applied to screen out the potential immunomodulatory activity substances and mechanism of Wu Shen Wan. As a result, a total of 121 constituents were identified or tentatively characterized, including 26 flavonoids, 16 alkaloids, 10 tanshinones, four diterpenes, seven iridoid glycosides, eight coumarin, 18 phenolic acids, 29 ginsenosides, and three others. Moreover, 57 prototypes were clearly screened out in rat plasma and urine after ingestion of Wu Shen Wan. The Wu Shen Wan exhibited immunomodulatory effects via significantly increasing the phagocytic activity of macrophages and inducing the release of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin 6 in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the network pharmacology results showed that the top 20 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes clusters were enriched, such as mitogen‐activated protein kinases pathway. This is the first systematic study on the chemical constituents of Wu Shen Wan. The analytical method features a quick and comprehensive dissection of the chemical composition and provides a basis for exploring its immunomodulatory effects.