bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boolean network topologies and the determinative power of nodes
Authors: Wacker Bronson W , Velcsov Mihaela T , Rogers Jim A
Published: January 2020

Boolean networks have been used extensively for modelling networks whose node activity could be simplified to a binary outcome, such as on–off. Each node is influenced by the states of the other nodes via a logical Boolean function. The network is described by its topological properties which refer to the links between nodes, and its dynamical properties which refer to the way each node uses the information obtained from other nodes to update its state. This work explores the correlation between the information stored in the Boolean functions for each node in a property known as the determinative power (DP) and some topological properties of each node, in particular the clustering coefficient and the betweenness centrality. The DP of nodes is defined using concepts from information theory, in particular the mutual information. The primary motivation is to construct models of real-world networks to examine if the DP is sensitive to any of the considered topological properties. The findings indicate that, for a homogeneous network in which all nodes obey the same threshold function under three different topologies, the DP can have a negative correlation with the clustering coefficient and a positive correlation with the betweenness centrality, depending on the topological properties of the network. A statistical analysis on a collection of 36 Boolean models of signal transduction networks reveals that the correlations observed in the theoretical cases are suppressed in the biological networks, thus supporting previous research results.
Open system quantum thermodynamics of time-varying graphs
Authors: Minello Giorgia , Torsello Andrea , Hancock Edwin R
Published: January 2020

In this article, we present a novel analysis of time-evolving networks, based on a thermodynamic representation of graph structure. We show how to characterize the evolution of time-varying complex networks by relating major structural changes to thermodynamic phase transitions. In particular, we derive expressions for a number of different thermodynamic quantities (specifically energy, entropy and temperature), which we use to describe the evolutionary behaviour of the network system over time. Since in the real world no system is truly closed and interactions with the environment are usually strong, we assume an open nature of the system. We adopt the Schrödinger picture as the dynamical representation of the quantum system over time. First, we compute the network entropy using a recent quantum mechanical representation of graph structure, connecting the graph Laplacian to a density operator. Then, we assume the system evolves according to the Schrödinger representation, but we allow for decoherence due to the interaction with the environment in a model akin to Environment-Induced Decoherence. We simplify the model by separating its dynamics into (a) an unknown time-dependent unitary evolution plus (b) an observation/interaction process, and this is the sole cause of the changes in the eigenvalues of the density matrix of the system. This allows us to obtain a measure of energy exchange with the environment through the estimation of the hidden time-varying Hamiltonian responsible for the unitary part of the evolution. Using the thermodynamic relationship between changes in energy, entropy, pressure and volume, we recover the thermodynamic temperature. We assess the utility of the method on real-world time-varying networks representing complex systems in the financial and biological domains. We also compare and contrast the different characterizations provided by the thermodynamic variables (energy, entropy, temperature and pressure). The study shows that the estimation of the time-varying energy operator strongly characterizes different states of a time-evolving system and successfully detects critical events occurring during network evolution.
P115 Determination of waist circumference and correlation of waist-to-height ratio in adolescents as a prediction tool of high blood pressure
Authors: Kerimkulova A , Ospanova A S , Nurpeissova R G , Kamalbekova G M , Rymbaeva T H
Published: January 2020

Introduction

The obesity and overweight epidemic, together with increasing cardiovascular disease, represent a major health problem worldwide, and their occurrence in childhood and adolescence has increased in recent time.

Purpose

to assess the association of  waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) coefficient with occurrence rate in adolescents with high blood pressure.

Materials and methods

The results of a single-step cross-sectional study of teenagers aged 12-13 years studied in 12 secondary schools in our city (Kazakhstan) are presented. The study included adolescents in the amount of 1519 (average age, standard deviation 12.3 + 0.46 years). For representing the outcomes there were used  the measurement of weight, height, BMI, WC, WHtR and the blood pressure of adolescents. Criteria for BP: normal BP (SBP and DBP <89th percentile); high normal BP (SBP and DBP ≤90 and 94th percentile); arterial hypertension (SBP and DBP > 95th percentile). ROC analysis was used to study the relationship between WC, WHtR and BMI. The distinctive impact of  WC or WHtR on the development of these states was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC 95% CI).

Results

From 1519 studied teenagers of 12-13 years, boys were 49.1% (n = 745), girls 50.9% (n = 774). Population with normal BP composed 62.7%, normal raised BP - 24.8%, hypertension - 12.4%, WC˂90th percentile at 98.5% (n = 939). The distribution by sex was: girls are more likely to have abdominal obesity than boys, (χ²=19.940, df = 1, р˂0.001). An elevated level of  WHtR was detected in 7.6% (n = 115) of adolescents. Among boys were 7.7% (n = 57) and girls 7.5% (n = 58), χ²=0.013, df = 1, p = 0.908. ). Girls (10.8%) with high blood pressure have increase WC than boys (2.1%), χ²=26.689, df = 1, р˂0.001. Adolescents with high blood pressure have enhanced WHtR - 12.2% than adolescents with normal blood pressure (2.7%), χ²=27.518, df = 1, р˂0.001. Increase of WC > 90th percentile enhances with 4.5 times (95% CI: 2.44-8.53) and WHtR with 2.7 times (95% CI: 1.85-4.04) in adolescents with high blood pressure. WC (AUC = 832; 95% CI: 0.792-0.872) and WHtR (AUC = 0.812; 95% CI: 0.770-0.854was a better predictor of abdominal obesity than BMI. Conclusions. Indicators of  WC, WHtR indicating to the presence of abdominal obesity to identify risk factors for the development of high blood pressure. Participants with increase of  WC > 90th percentile were 4.5 times and WHtR were 2.7 times more likely to have high blood pressure.
P265 Infective endocarditis:think global, act local:changing trends in infective endocarditis-integrating antibiotic stewardship program: data from developing world
Authors: Patel N K , Ahmed H
Published: January 2020

Despite improvements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, both the incidence, severity & mortality of Infective Endocarditis (IE) seem to be unchanged.The pattern of  the disease in terms of host, agent & environment changing rapidly.The successful integration of antibiotic stewardship program along with the appropriate use of antibiotic agents has made a huge difference in the treatment strategy & cost reduction in patient care for IE. Materials & Methods: A single centre, retrospective & prospective study done between 2009 to 2018. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis was done as per the modified Duke’s Criteria. 355 patients were analysed and baseline demographic data with echocardiographic, microbiologic,complications, treatment & outcomes noted. All blood cultures processing was done with BACTEC and BacTAlert using standard precautions.Antibiotic stewardship program was initiated since February 2016 as per international protocol. Results: The mean age of the study population was 46.7+-3 years. Predominanlty streptococcus species ( 21.4%) was isolated in the culture.A definite rise in atypical (17.9%) organism was noted in 2018 over the period of study as compared to 2009 : Presence of Burkholderia, Candida, Atypical Mycobacterium spp increased. Despite the advances in diagnostic modalities,there has been no change in mortality associated with IE (10.3%) over the period of 2009-2018. There is a predominantly native Mitral Valve involvement (53.7%) & a definite rise in Prosthetic Valve endocarditis (19.6%) noted in the last 5 years. Conclusion:This study is the largest study & data on Infective Endocarditis so far from a single centre in a developing world with a study population of 355 patients. Risk factors for IE have changed over time.Newer paradigms in treating IE and integration of antibiotic stewardship program has successfully brought down the cost and increased care in this part of the developing world.

Changing trends : Organism Profile in IE Year Strept(%) Staph(%) Entero(%) Atypical(%) 2009 26.2 2.4 7.1 7.1 2011 24 8 12 16 2013 20 10 10 17.5 2015 27.3 12.7 3.6 20 2016 13.6 31.8 4.5 18.2 2017 27.6 13.8 10.3 34.5 2018 21.4 17.9 10.7 17.9

Abstract P265 Figure. Changing Epidemiological trends in IE
P266 Infective endocarditis: exploring geographical trends and comparing risk models in a multi-ethnic asian population
Authors: Kui S , Huang W T , Tan W X , Chai S C
Published: January 2020

Background

Host factors and complications have been associated with higher mortality in infective endocarditis (IE). We explored factors impacting mortality in our local multiracial Singapore population and validated the simplified risk score to predict 6-month mortality in IE developed by the International Collaboration on Endocarditis [ICE].

Methods

Using a retrospective registry of definite IE determined by the Duke’s criteria, we studied 116 IE cases diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2014. Baseline demographic, clinical and 6 month mortality data were collected. Logistic and Cox regression was used to study factors affecting 6 month mortality. A cut-off of p < 0.10 was used to determine factors to be put into the multivariable model.

Results

6 month mortality in the cohort was 26.7% [31/116]. Surgery during index hospitalization was performed in 20.7% [24/116] of the cohort. Significant factors affecting mortality include: [Host] diabetes mellitus, intravenous drug abuser, [IE characteristics] left sided valve regurgitation, nosocomial IE, [IE complications] persistent bacteremia, stroke and embolic phenomena. Surgery was significantly associated with lower risk of mortality.

The receiver operating curve(ROC) of the ICE simplified risk score is 0.84. Using the principle of parsimony, we compared our reduced model, removing variables (possible to state what are the variables removed to compare and contrast the 2 models) with p-value > 0.10, the ROC of our reduced model is 0.85 and difference between performance of both models were non-significant at p = 0.893. The goodness-of-fit of both models were demonstrated by non significant Hosmer-Lemeshow test. K-fold cross validation was also performed for internal validation of our reduced model.

Conclusions

6 month mortality after IE is 26.7% and is predicted by host factors, IE characteristics and complications. Surgery during the index hospitalization is associated with lower mortality. Our reduced IE model performed comparatively to the ICE risk score.
P280 Concomitant use of ivabradine and cyp3a4 inhibitors in critical cardiac patients
Authors: Mohamed Ariff A , Abd Hadi H , Nay T W , Thoulath M I , Jauhari Aktifanus A T , Mutaya S M , Ismail S N , Jafar N , Nalliah S , Khairuddin A
Published: January 2020

Background

In recent years there have been warnings concerning drug-induced life-threatening arrhythmias. Drug interactions can increase the risk of QT interval prolongation via interaction of pharmacokinetic mechanism. Some drugs such as Ivabradine does not affect the repolarization or affect the QT interval themselves. However, it can increase the risk of QT prolongation when taken with drugs that block the metabolic breakdown which inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme particularly. Predisposing factors of QT prolongation include female sex, age over 65 years, brady-arrhythmia, electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia), cardiac disease (congestive heart failure, ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation), impaired hepatic/renal function and hypothyroidism. 

Purpose

To assess potential Ivabradine – CYP3A4 inhibitor interactions in a Cardiac Critical Care Unit (CCCU). 

Method

We prospectively observed patients admitted at CCCU received Ivabradine and CYP3A4 inhibitor (QTprolonging agent) concomitantlyfrom Feb 2018 to July 2018 at National Heart Institute, Malaysia. We use a clinical drug decision support system (CDDSS) to identify the potential drug-drug interactions (PDDI) and assessed the likelihood of drug - drug interactions (DDI) using Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS). 

Results

Patients admitted at CCCU co-administered with Ivabradine and CYP3A4 inhibitors (amiodarone/azithromycin) were analyzed. The severity level for both potential Ivabradine – Azithromycin and Ivabradine – Amiodarone interactions were alerted by the CDDSS as Major. Total 10 (M = 70%) patients were screened. The mean age was ± 57 years old. They had no previous exposure to both or one of the medications before. All patients had underlying cardiac disease. The left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) ranged from 15% - 65%. Adverse drug event (ADE) occurred in 7 (70%) patients [Male = 5 (71%), Female = 2 (67%)]. 70% of patients had prolonged QT interval induced by Ivabradine – Amiodarone and Ivabradine – Azithromycin All patients had QTc interval < 500 ms before co-administration and had a change of ± 100 ms after coadministration. The onset of ADE ranged from day 2 to day 5 in all patients. One had life threatening arrhythmia; ventricular fibrillation and require defibrillator and another one patient had non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. The most common precipitating factor was underlying cardiac disease. All suspected precipitating drug was discontinued. DIPS revealed; 57% patients scored 9 points (highly probable DDI) and the rest scored between 5-7 points (probable DDI).

Conclusion

Ivabradine potentially associated to fatal arrhythmia when it is co-administered with CYP3A4 inhibitor. Hence, the physician should reconsider such combination within the correct clinical context to avoid cardiovascular deterioration especially in a critical care setting.
The associations of major foods and fibre with risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke: a prospective study of 418 329 participants in the EPIC cohort across nine European countries
Authors: Tong Tammy Y N , Appleby Paul N , Key Timothy J , Dahm Christina C , Overvad Kim , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Katzke Verena , Kühn Tilman , Boeing Heiner , Karakatsani Anna , Peppa Eleni , Trichopoulou Antonia , Weiderpass Elisabete , Masala Giovanna , Grioni Sara , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Boer Jolanda M A , Verschuren W M Monique , Quirós J Ramón , Agudo Antonio , Rodríguez-Barranco Miguel , Imaz Liher , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Engström Gunnar , Sonestedt Emily , Lind Marcus , Otten Julia , Khaw Kay-Tee , Aune Dagfinn , Riboli Elio , Wareham Nicholas J , Imamura Fumiaki , Forouhi Nita G , di Angelantonio Emanuele , Wood Angela M , Butterworth Adam S , Perez-Cornago Aurora
Published: January 2020

Aim

To investigate the associations between major foods and dietary fibre with subtypes of stroke in a large prospective cohort.

Methods and results

We analysed data on 418 329 men and women from nine European countries, with an average of 12.7 years of follow-up. Diet was assessed using validated country-specific questionnaires which asked about habitual intake over the past year, calibrated using 24-h recalls. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke associated with consumption of red and processed meat, poultry, fish, dairy foods, eggs, cereals, fruit and vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, and dietary fibre. For ischaemic stroke (4281 cases), lower risks were observed with higher consumption of fruit and vegetables combined (HR; 95% CI per 200 g/day higher intake, 0.87; 0.82–0.93, P-trend < 0.001), dietary fibre (per 10 g/day, 0.77; 0.69–0.86, P-trend < 0.001), milk (per 200 g/day, 0.95; 0.91–0.99, P-trend = 0.02), yogurt (per 100 g/day, 0.91; 0.85–0.97, P-trend = 0.004), and cheese (per 30 g/day, 0.88; 0.81–0.97, P-trend = 0.008), while higher risk was observed with higher red meat consumption which attenuated when adjusted for the other statistically significant foods (per 50 g/day, 1.07; 0.96–1.20, P-trend = 0.20). For haemorrhagic stroke (1430 cases), higher risk was associated with higher egg consumption (per 20 g/day, 1.25; 1.09–1.43, P-trend = 0.002).

Conclusion

Risk of ischaemic stroke was inversely associated with consumption of fruit and vegetables, dietary fibre, and dairy foods, while risk of haemorrhagic stroke was positively associated with egg consumption. The apparent differences in the associations highlight the importance of examining ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke subtypes separately.
Atmospheric infrasound generation by ocean waves in finite depth: unified theory and application to radiation patterns
Authors: De Carlo M , Ardhuin F , Le Pichon A
Published: January 2020

Between 0.1 and 0.5 Hz, infrasound signals recorded in the atmosphere are dominated by ocean-generated noise called microbaroms. Microbaroms propagate through the atmosphere over thousands of kilometres due to low absorption and efficient ducting between the ground and the stratopause. Different theoretical models have been developed to characterize the source of microbaroms, all based on the second-order nonlinear interaction of ocean waves. While early theories considered an infinite ocean depth and a source radiation depending on the acoustic wave elevation angle, other works have approximated the radiation pattern as a monopole, and found a considerable effect of the water depth. This paper reviews these models and extends the previous theories to the combined effects of both finite depth ocean and source directivity in both elevation and azimuth angles. It is found that the water depth has a negligible effect for the near-horizontally propagating acoustic waves that should dominate the measured microbarom records. Another important result is that the microbarom azimuthal variation can be highly directive locally, but it generally becomes isotropic when integrated over a realistic source region.
Data-driven control over short-period internal multiples in media with a horizontally layered overburden
Authors: Elison P , Dukalski M S , de Vos K , van Manen D J , Robertsson J O A
Published: January 2020

Short-period internal multiples, resulting from closely spaced interfaces, may interfere with their generating (bandlimited) primaries, and hence they pose a long-standing challenge in their prediction and removal. A recently proposed method based on the Marchenko equation enables removal of the entire overburden-related scattering by means of calculating an inverse transmission response. However, the method relies on time windowing and can thus be inexact in the presence of short-period internal scattering. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the impact of band-limitation on the Marchenko method. We show the influence of an incorrect first guess, and that adding multidimensional energy conservation and a minimum phase principle may be used to correctly account for both long- and short-period internal multiple scattering. The proposed method can currently only be solved for media with a laterally invariant overburden, since a multidimensional minimum phase condition is not well understood for truly 2-D and 3-D media. We demonstrate the virtue of the proposed scheme with a complex acoustic numerical model that is based on sonic log measurements in the Middle East. The results suggest not only that the conventional scheme can be robust in this setting, but that the ‘augmented’ Marchenko method is superior, as the latter produces a structural image identical to one where the finely layered overburden is missing. This is the first demonstration of a data-driven method to account for short-period internal multiples beyond 1-D.
4. The Single Family Court
Authors: Sendall Jane , Hodgson Roiya
Published: January 2020

This chapter is a short but important chapter. It provides an overview of the Single Family Court, which was created in April 2014. This is a huge change from when there used to be two family courts, magistrates’ and county court. It summarizes the effects of the Single Family Court and outlines who is involved in the judicial process within the new structure. It discusses how the allocation of cases within the Single Family Court are done by ‘gatekeepers’ and the new points of entry for cases. It outlines that the rules for allocation can be found in the Family Court (Composition and Distribution of Business) Rules 2014.
13. Pre-Marital Agreements
Authors: Sendall Jane , Hodgson Roiya
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the nature of pre-marital agreements (PMAs), advantages and disadvantages of PMAs, and the enforceability of them in proceedings for financial orders, and the potential developments in the enforceability of PMAs. It states that a PMA can sometimes be called an ante-nuptial agreement or pre-nuptial agreement and that it is essentially a contact made between two people before they get married. Various case-laws dealing with the issue of PMAs are presented. The negotiation and drafting of a PMA are outlined following case-law which provided guidance on this, but confirming that even if these steps are taken, it does not guarantee that a PMA will be followed by the courts.
17. Separation and Maintenance Agreements
Authors: Sendall Jane , Hodgson Roiya
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses the use of separation and maintenance agreements, the essential features of both types of agreements, and the advantages and disadvantages of separation and maintenance agreements. A separation or maintenance agreement can help parties avoid expensive and drawn-out litigation. Separation agreements essentially record that the parties wish to live apart and can include terms about children, property, and maintenance. Maintenance agreements deal with the payment of maintenance to or for the benefit of spouses, civil partners, or children, but do not deal with the separation of the parties. The form of separation and maintenance agreements is discussed, as well as enforcement.
19. Pensions in Financial Proceedings
Authors: Sendall Jane , Hodgson Roiya
Published: January 2020

This chapter covers pensions and pension orders available to the court. It discusses what a pension is, the pension as a financial instrument, and how a pension is valued. The cash equivalent transfer value (CETV) is explained. The chapter explains how pensions are dealt with following divorce or dissolution and the various options for pensions in financial proceedings. One of the options includes pension offsetting, which is the least complex option. The other two options that are discussed are pension attachment and pension sharing. It is explained that pension sharing was the solution to the problems and unpopularity of the pension attachment order.
25. Parental Responsibility
Authors: Sendall Jane , Hodgson Roiya
Published: January 2020

Parental responsibility (PR) is one of the most important concepts in the Children Act 1989. This chapter provides the definition of PR as taken from Section 3 of the Children Act 1989 and provides examples of what it actually is in relation to decisions and responsibilities that a parent may make on behalf of their child during their childhood. It discusses the nature and scope of PR, and how it is acquired. It covers the law on automatic parental responsibility; how unmarried fathers can acquire PR; and PR for non-natural parents. It also discusses termination of PR orders and agreements. Case-law is used to provide examples.
36. Protection under the Family Law Act 1996: Procedure
Authors: Sendall Jane , Hodgson Roiya
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses the procedure for obtaining orders under the Family Law Act 1996 without notice, on notice, and when enforcing orders. Proceedings are commenced using a Form FL401 and a statement in support. Proceedings are commenced in the family court. Funding is available for those eligible for CLS funding. The respondent should be personally served with the FL401 and the statement in support unless the application is to be made without notice. Police should be contacted if a non-molestation order is breached and if an occupation order has a power of arrest attached to it. Warrant of arrest and committal proceedings are also discussed.
37. Protection from Harassment
Authors: Sendall Jane , Hodgson Roiya
Published: January 2020

Family lawyers may be consulted by those who are being harassed or stalked by someone who is not an associated person. This chapter examines the law on harassment and the remedies available to clients not protected by the Family Law Act 1996. It explains the relevance of this area in relation to family law and details the Protection from Harassment Act 1997. This was enacted to assist those suffering harassment through stalking, antisocial behaviour, or racial harassment. Criminal liability for harassment, civil remedy for harassment, and restraining orders are also discussed, as well as how these all relate in family practice.
hp-FEM for the fractional heat equation
Authors: Markus Melenk Jens , Rieder Alexander
Published: January 2020

We consider a time-dependent problem generated by a nonlocal operator in space. Applying for the spatial discretization a scheme based on $hp$-finite elements and a Caffarelli–Silvestre extension we obtain a semidiscrete semigroup. The discretization in time is carried out by using $hp$-discontinuous Galerkin based time stepping. We prove exponential convergence for such a method in an abstract framework for the discretization in the spatial domain $\varOmega $.
Fibrolytic enzymes improve the nutritive value of high-moisture corn for finishing bulls
Authors: Salvo Pedro Augusto Ribeiro , Gritti Viviane C , Daniel João Luiz Pratti , Martins Leandro S , Lopes Fernanda , Santos Flavio Augusto Portela , Nussio Luiz Gustavo
Published: January 2020

Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) improve the energy availability of grains for nonruminant animals by reducing encapsulation of the endosperm nutrients within grain cell walls; however, these benefits are unknown in the treatment of corn-based silage for cattle. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of adding EFE at ensiling on the nutritive value of high-moisture corn (HMC) and snaplage (SNAP) for finishing Nellore bulls. The EFE dose was 100 g/Mg fresh matter in both HMC and SNAP. Diets were 1) a SNAP + HMC control (without enzyme addition); 2) SNAP + HMC EFE (with enzymes); 3) a whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) + HMC control (without enzyme addition); and 4) WPCS + HMC EFE (with enzymes). In addition to the silages, the diets were also composed of soybean hulls, soybean meal, and mineral–vitamin supplement. The statistical design was a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement of treatments, and the experiment lasted 122 d. For in situ and in vitro analyses, 2 cannulated dry cows were used. There was no interaction between the diets and EFE application (ADG, P = 0.92; DMI, P = 0.77; G:F, P = 0.70), and there was no difference between the SNAP and WPCS diets regarding the DMI (P = 0.53), ADG (P = 0.35), and feed efficiency (ADG:DMI, P = 0.83). Adding EFE to the HMC and SNAP at ensiling did not affect ADG but decreased DMI (P = 0.01), resulting in greater feed efficiency by 5.91% (P = 0.04) than that observed in animals fed diets without the addition of EFE. Addition of EFE to HMC resulted in reduced NDF content and increased in vitro and in situ DM digestibility compared with untreated HMC. No effects were found for the addition of EFE to SNAP. Fecal starch decreased with EFE application (P = 0.05). Therefore, the diet energy content (TDN, NEm, and NEg) calculated from animal performance increased (P = 0.01) with the addition of EFE to HMC. In conclusion, exchanging the NDF from WPCS with that from SNAP did not affect the performance of finishing cattle, whereas the addition of EFE to HMC at ensiling improved animal performance by increasing the energy availability of the grain.
Factors Affecting Disruption of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Using Aerosol Dispensers
Authors: Burks Charles S , Thomson Donald R
Published: January 2020

Mating disruption is used to help manage the navel orangeworm on approximately 200,000 ha of tree nut crops. Aerosol dispensers are the most common formulation, and all formulations use an incomplete pheromone blend consisting solely of (Z11,Z13)-hexadecadienal. Profile analysis (examination of capture and males in pheromone traps as a function of spatial density of dispensers) demonstrated a sharp drop of males captured with a very low density of dispensers, and then an approximately linear relationship between 90 and approaching 100% suppression. This near-linear portion of the profile includes both dispenser densities in which crop protection has been demonstrated, and densities in which it is unlikely. Suppression of males in pheromone traps was lost the next night after dispensers were removed, suggesting that the active ingredient was not persistent in the orchard environment. During most of the summer preharvest period, turning the dispensers off 1 or 2 h before the end of the predawn period of sexual activity provides the same amount of suppression of sexual communication as emission throughout the period of sexual activity. This suggests that encountering the pheromone from the mating disruption dispensers had a persistent effect on males. During the autumn postharvest period, only emission prior to midnight suppressed communication on nights on which the temperature fell below 19°C by midnight. These findings and the analysis will help manufacturers refine their offerings for mating disruption for this important California pest, and buyers of mating disruption to assess cost-effectiveness of competing offerings.
Psychosocial-Adjustment Needs of North Korean Refugee Youth from the Perspectives of Alternative-School Members
Authors: Myeong Hwayeon , Lee Ahlam , Park Eun-A , Gong Yea Eun , Kim MiHyang , Jo Hyunjung
Published: January 2020

Research has shown that North Korean refugee (NKR) youth who defected to South Korea are at high risk for multiple psychosocial-adjustment problems. However, little is known about the perceptions of these difficulties on the part of alternative-school community members who interact with them on a daily basis, although such perceptions could provide a rich description of the cultural and environmental aspects associated with these issues. Using a rapid ethnographic assessment, this study explored NKR youth’s psychosocial-adjustment needs from the perspectives of community members of alternative schools that offer NKR students not only education, but food, housing and 24-hour care without charge. Twenty-seven free listing interviews identified that NKR students suffer from three major psychosocial issues: (a) not feeling loved/lack of affection, (b) identity confusion and (c) communication issues/language difficulties. The subsequent seven key informant interviews revealed the perceived symptoms, causes and effects of the psychosocial issues identified and strategies used to cope with them.
The first Doppler imaging of the active binary prototype RS Canum Venaticorum
Authors: Xiang Yue , Gu Shenghong , Wolter U , Schmitt J H M M , Cameron A Collier , Barnes J R , Mittag M , Perdelwitz V , Kohl S
Published: January 2020

We present the first Doppler images of the prototypical active binary star RS Canum Venaticorum, derived from high-resolution spectra observed in 2004, 2016 and 2017, using three different telescopes and observing sites. We apply the least-squares deconvolution technique to all observed spectra to obtain high signal-to-noise line profiles, which are used to derive the surface images of the active K-type component. Our images show a complex spot pattern on the K star, distributed widely in longitude. All star-spots revealed by our Doppler images are located below a latitude of about 70°. In accordance with previous light-curve modelling studies, we find no indication of a polar spot on the K star. Using Doppler images derived from two consecutive rotational cycles, we estimate a surface differential rotation rate of ΔΩ = −0.039 ± 0.003 rad d−1 and α = ΔΩ/Ωeq = −0.030 ± 0.002 for the K star. Given the limited phase coverage during those two rotations, the uncertainty of our differential rotation estimate is presumably higher.
Detectability of embedded protoplanets from hydrodynamical simulations
Authors: Sanchis E , Picogna G , Ercolano B , Testi L , Rosotti G
Published: January 2020

We predict magnitudes for young planets embedded in transition discs, still affected by extinction due to material in the disc. We focus on Jupiter-sized planets at a late stage of their formation, when the planet has carved a deep gap in the gas and dust distributions and the disc starts to being transparent to the planet flux in the infrared (IR). Column densities are estimated by means of three-dimensional hydrodynamical models, performed for several planet masses. Expected magnitudes are obtained by using typical extinction properties of the disc material and evolutionary models of giant planets. For the simulated cases located at 5.2 au in a disc with a local unperturbed surface density of 127 $\mathrm{g} \, \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$, a 1MJ planet is highly extinct in the J, H, and Kbands, with predicted absolute magnitudes ≥ 50 mag. In the L and Mbands, extinction decreases, with planet magnitudes between 25 and 35 mag. In the Nband, due to the silicate feature on the dust opacities, the expected magnitude increases to ∼40 mag. For a 2MJ planet, the magnitudes in the J, H, and Kbands are above 22 mag, while for the L, M, and Nbands, the planet magnitudes are between 15 and 20 mag. For the 5MJ planet, extinction does not play a role in any IR band, due to its ability to open deep gaps. Contrast curves are derived for the transition discs in CQ Tau, PDS 70, HL Tau, TW Hya, and HD 163296. Planet mass upper limits are estimated for the known gaps in the last two systems.
On the origin of the peak of the stellar initial mass function: exploring the tidal screening theory
Authors: Colman Tine , Teyssier Romain
Published: January 2020

Classical theories for the stellar initial mass function (IMF) predict a peak mass that scales with the properties of the molecular cloud. In this work, we explore a new theory proposed by Lee and Hennebelle. The idea is that the tidal field around first Larson cores prevents the formation of other collapsing clumps within a certain radius. The protostar can then freely accrete the gas within this radius. This leads to a peak mass of roughly $10 \, M_{\mathrm{1LC}}$, independent of the parent cloud properties. Using simple analytical arguments, we derive a collapse condition for clumps located close to a protostar. We then study the tidal field and the corresponding collapse condition using a series of hydrodynamic simulations with self-gravity. We find that the tidal field around protostars is indeed strong enough to prevent clumps from collapsing unless they have high enough densities. For each newly formed protostar, we determine the region in which tidal screening is dominant. We call this the tidal bubble. The mass within this bubble is our estimate for the final mass of the star. Using this formalism, we are able to construct a very good prediction for the final IMF in our simulations. Not only do we correctly predict the peak, but we are also able to reproduce the high- and low-mass ends. We conclude that tidal forces are important in determining the final mass of a star and might be the dominant effect in setting the peak mass of the IMF.
Searching for super-Eddington quasars using a photon trapping accretion disc model
Authors: Pognan Quentin , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Sbarrato Tullia , Schawinski Kevin , Bertemes Caroline
Published: January 2020

Accretion on to black holes at rates above the Eddington limit has long been discussed in the context of supermassive black hole (SMBH) formation and evolution, providing a possible explanation for the presence of massive quasars at high redshifts (z ≳ 7), as well as having implications for SMBH growth at later epochs. However, it is currently unclear whether such ‘super-Eddington’ accretion occurs in SMBHs at all, how common it is, or whether every SMBH may experience it. In this work, we investigate the observational consequences of a simplistic model for super-Eddington accretion flows – an optically thick, geometrically thin accretion disc where the inner-most parts experience severe photon-trapping, which is enhanced with increased accretion rate. The resulting spectral energy distributions (SEDs) show a dramatic lack of rest-frame UV, or even optical, photons. Using a grid of model SEDs spanning a wide range in parameter space (including SMBH mass and accretion rate), we find that large optical quasar surveys (such as SDSS) may be missing most of these luminous systems. We then propose a set of colour selection criteria across optical and infrared colour spaces designed to select super-Eddington SEDs in both wide-field surveys (e.g. using SDSS, 2MASS, and WISE) and deep and narrow-field surveys (e.g. COSMOS). The proposed selection criteria are a necessary first step in establishing the relevance of advection-affected super-Eddington accretion on to SMBHs at early cosmic epochs.
Gamma-ray observations of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei
Authors: de Menezes Raniere , Nemmen Rodrigo , Finke Justin D , Almeida Ivan , Rani Bindu
Published: January 2020

The majority of the activity around nearby (z ≈ 0) supermassive black holes is found in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN), the most of them being classified as low-ionization nuclear emission regions. Although these sources are well studied from radio up to X-rays, they are poorly understood in γ-rays. In this work, we take advantage of the all sky-surveying capabilities of the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope to study the whole Palomar sample of LLAGN in γ-rays. Precisely, the four radio-brightest LLAGN in the sample are identified as significant γ-ray emitters, all of which are recognized as powerful Fanaroff–Riley I galaxies. These results suggest that the presence of powerful radio jets is of substantial importance for observing a significant γ-ray counterpart even if these jets are misaligned with respect to the line of sight. We also find that most of the X-ray-brightest LLAGN do not have a significant γ-ray and strong radio emission, suggesting that the X-rays come mainly from the accretion flow in these cases. A detailed analysis of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of NGC 315 and NGC 4261, both detected in γ-rays, is provided where we make a detailed comparison between the predicted hadronic γ-ray emission from a radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF) and the γ-ray emission from a leptonic jet-dominated synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. Both SEDs are better described by the SSC model, while the RIAF fails to explain the γ-ray observations.
The Ophiuchus stream progenitor: a new type of globular cluster and its possible Sagittarius connection
Authors: Lane James M M , Navarro Julio F , Fattahi Azadeh , Oman Kyle A , Bovy Jo
Published: January 2020

The Ophiuchus stream is a short arc-like stellar feature of uncertain origin located ∼5 kpc North of the Galactic centre. New proper motions from the second Gaia data release reconcile the direction of motion of stream members with the stream arc, resolving a puzzling mismatch reported in earlier work. We use N-body simulations to show that the stream is likely only on its second pericentric passage, and thus was formed recently. The simulations suggest that most of the disrupted progenitor is visible in the observed stream today, and that little further tidal debris is expected to lie beyond the ends of the stream. The luminosity, length, width, and velocity dispersion of the stream suggest a globular cluster (GC) progenitor substantially fainter and of lower surface brightness than estimated in previous work, and unlike any other known globulars in the Galaxy. This result suggests the existence of clusters that would extend the known GC population to fainter and more weakly bound systems than hitherto known. How such a weakly bound cluster of old stars survived until it was disrupted so recently, however, remains a mystery. Integrating backwards in time, we find that the orbits of Sagittarius and Ophiuchus passed within ∼5 kpc of each other about ∼100 Myr ago, an interaction that might help resolve this puzzle.
Trend filtering – I. A modern statistical tool for time-domain astronomy and astronomical spectroscopy
Authors: Politsch Collin A , Cisewski-Kehe Jessi , Croft Rupert A C , Wasserman Larry
Published: January 2020

The problem of denoising a 1D signal possessing varying degrees of smoothness is ubiquitous in time-domain astronomy and astronomical spectroscopy. For example, in the time domain, an astronomical object may exhibit a smoothly varying intensity that is occasionally interrupted by abrupt dips or spikes. Likewise, in the spectroscopic setting, a noiseless spectrum typically contains intervals of relative smoothness mixed with localized higher frequency components such as emission peaks and absorption lines. In this work, we present trend filtering, a modern non-parametric statistical tool that yields significant improvements in this broad problem space of denoising spatially heterogeneous signals. When the underlying signal is spatially heterogeneous, trend filtering is superior to any statistical estimator that is a linear combination of the observed data – including kernel smoothers, LOESS, smoothing splines, Gaussian process regression, and many other popular methods. Furthermore, the trend filtering estimate can be computed with practical and scalable efficiency via a specialized convex optimization algorithm, e.g. handling sample sizes of n ≳ 107 within a few minutes. In a companion paper, we explicitly demonstrate the broad utility of trend filtering to observational astronomy by carrying out a diverse set of spectroscopic and time-domain analyses.
HDAC8 cooperates with SMAD3/4 complex to suppress SIRT7 and promote cell survival and migration
Authors: Tang Xiaolong , Li Guo , Su Fengting , Cai Yanlin , Shi Lei , Meng Yuan , Liu Zuojun , Sun Jie , Wang Ming , Qian Minxian , Wang Zimei , Xu Xingzhi , Cheng Yong-Xian , Zhu Wei-Guo , Liu Baohua
Published: January 2020

NAD+-dependent SIRT7 deacylase plays essential roles in ribosome biogenesis, stress response, genome integrity, metabolism and aging, while how it is transcriptionally regulated is still largely unclear. TGF-β signaling is highly conserved in multicellular organisms, regulating cell growth, cancer stemness, migration and invasion. Here, we demonstrate that histone deacetylase HDAC8 forms complex with SMAD3/4 heterotrimer and occupies SIRT7 promoter, wherein it deacetylates H4 and thus suppresses SIRT7 transcription. Treatment with HDAC8 inhibitor compromises TGF-β signaling via SIRT7-SMAD4 axis and consequently, inhibits lung metastasis and improves chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancer. Our data establish a regulatory feedback loop of TGF-β signaling, wherein HDAC8 as a novel cofactor of SMAD3/4 complex, transcriptionally suppresses SIRT7 via local chromatin remodeling and thus further activates TGF-β signaling. Targeting HDAC8 exhibits therapeutic potential for TGF-β signaling related diseases.
ScaR—a tool for sensitive detection of known fusion transcripts: establishing prevalence of fusions in testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Zhao Sen , Hoff Andreas M , Skotheim Rolf I
Published: January 2020

Bioinformatics tools for fusion transcript detection from RNA-sequencing data are in general developed for identification of novel fusions, which demands a high number of supporting reads and strict filters to avoid false discoveries. As our knowledge of bona fide fusion genes becomes more saturated, there is a need to establish their prevalence with high sensitivity. We present ScaR, a tool that uses a supervised scaffold realignment approach for sensitive fusion detection in RNA-seq data. ScaR detects a set of 130 synthetic fusion transcripts from simulated data at a higher sensitivity compared to established fusion finders. Applied to fusion transcripts potentially involved in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), ScaR detects the fusions RCC1-ABHD12B and CLEC6A-CLEC4D in 9% and 28% of 150 TGCTs, respectively. The fusions were not detected in any of 198 normal testis tissues. Thus, we demonstrate high prevalence of RCC1-ABHD12B and CLEC6A-CLEC4D in TGCTs, and their cancer specific features. Further, we find that RCC1-ABHD12B and CLEC6A-CLEC4D are predominantly expressed in the seminoma and embryonal carcinoma histological subtypes of TGCTs, respectively. In conclusion, ScaR is useful for establishing the frequency of known and validated fusion transcripts in larger data sets and detecting clinically relevant fusion transcripts with high sensitivity.
Development of a person-centered interdisciplinary plan-of-care program for dialysis
Authors: Dorough Adeline , Forfang Derek , Murphy Shannon L , Mold James W , Kshirsagar Abhijit V , DeWalt Darren A , Flythe Jennifer E
Published: January 2020

Background

Dialysis care often focuses on outcomes that are of lesser importance to patients than to clinicians. There is growing international interest in individualizing care based on patient priorities, but evidence-based approaches are lacking. The objective of this study was to develop a person-centered dialysis care planning program. To achieve this objective we performed qualitative interviews, responsively developed a novel care planning program and then assessed program content and burden.

Methods

We conducted 25 concept elicitation interviews with US hemodialysis patients, care partners and care providers, using thematic analysis to analyze transcripts. Interview findings and interdisciplinary stakeholder panel input informed the development of a new care planning program, My Dialysis Plan. We then conducted 19 cognitive debriefing interviews with patients, care partners and care providers to assess the program’s content and face validities, comprehensibility and burden.

Results

We identified five themes in concept elicitation interviews: feeling boxed in by the system, navigating dual lives, acknowledging an evolving identity, respecting the individual as a whole person and increasing individualization to enhance care. We then developed a person-centered care planning program and supporting materials that underwent 32 stakeholder-informed iterations. Data from subsequent cognitive interviews led to program revisions intended to improve contextualization and understanding, decrease burden and facilitate implementation.

Conclusions

My Dialysis Plan is a content-valid, person-centered dialysis care planning program that aims to promote care individualization. Investigation of the program’s capacity to improve patient experiences and outcomes is needed.