bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of methane in the Lena Delta and Buor-Khaya Bay, Russia
Authors: Bussmann I.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The Lena River is one of the largest Russian rivers draining into the Laptev Sea. The permafrost areas surrounding the Lena are predicted to thaw at increasing rates due to global temperature increases. With this thawing, large amounts of carbon – either organic or in the gaseous forms carbon dioxide and methane – will reach the waters of the Lena and the adjacent Buor-Khaya Bay (Laptev Sea). Methane concentrations and the isotopic signal of methane in the waters of the Lena Delta and estuary were monitored from 2008 to 2010. Creeks draining from permafrost soils produced hotspots for methane input into the river system (median concentration 1500 nM) compared with concentrations of 30–85 nM observed in the main channels of the Lena. No microbial methane oxidation could be detected; thus diffusion is the main process of methane removal. We estimated that the riverine diffusive methane flux is 3–10 times higher than the flux from surrounding terrestrial environment. To maintain the observed methane concentrations in the river, additional methane sources are necessary. The methane-rich creeks could be responsible for this input. In the estuary of Buor-Khaya Bay, methane concentrations decreased to 26–33 nM. However, within the bay no consistent temporal and spatial pattern could be observed. The methane-rich waters of the river were not diluted with marine water because of a strong stratification of the water column. Thus, methane is released from the estuary and from the river mainly by diffusion into the atmosphere.
A stochastic model for the polygonal tundra based on Poisson–Voronoi diagrams
Authors: Cresto Aleina F. , Brovkin V. , Muster S. , Boike J. , Kutzbach L. , Sachs T. , Zuyev S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Subgrid processes occur in various ecosystems and landscapes but, because of their small scale, they are not represented or poorly parameterized in climate models. These local heterogeneities are often important or even fundamental for energy and carbon balances. This is especially true for northern peatlands and in particular for the polygonal tundra, where methane emissions are strongly influenced by spatial soil heterogeneities. We present a stochastic model for the surface topography of polygonal tundra using Poisson–Voronoi diagrams and we compare the results with available recent field studies. We analyze seasonal dynamics of water table variations and the landscape response under different scenarios of precipitation income. We upscale methane fluxes by using a simple idealized model for methane emission. Hydraulic interconnectivities and large-scale drainage may also be investigated through percolation properties and thresholds in the Voronoi graph. The model captures the main statistical characteristics of the landscape topography, such as polygon area and surface properties as well as the water balance. This approach enables us to statistically relate large-scale properties of the system to the main small-scale processes within the single polygons.
A HIERARCHICAL IMAGE MATCHING METHOD FOR STEREO SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Yan F. , Wang W. , Liu S. , Chen W.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Image matching is an essential and difficult task in digital photogrammetry and computer vision. This paper presents a triangulationbased hierarchical image matching algorithm for stereo satellite imagery. It uses a coarse-to-fine hierarchical strategy and combines feature points and grid points to provide a dense, precise and reliable matching result. First, some seed points are extracted at the top level of image pyramid using the SIFT algorithm with RANSAC approach to remove mismatches and enhance robustness. These points are used to construct an initial triangulation. Then, feature point and grid point matching are conducted based on the triangle constraint. In the process of hierarchical image matching, the parallaxes from upper levels are transferred to levels beneath with triangle constraint and epipolar geometrical constraint. At last, outliers are detected and removed based on local smooth constraint of parallax. Also, bidirectional image matching method is adopted to verify the matching results and increase the number of matched points. Experiments with ALOS images show that the proposed method has the capacity to generate reliable and dense matching results for surface reconstruction from stereo satellite imagery.
ADAPTIVE SPATIAL FILTERING OF INTERFEROMETRIC DATA STACK ORIENTED TO DISTRIBUTED SCATTERERS
Authors: Zhang Y. , Xie C. , Shao Y. , Yuan M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Standard interferometry poses a challenge in non-urban areas due to temporal and spatial decorrelation of the radar signal, where there is high signal noise. Techniques such as Small Baseline Subset Algorithm (SBAS) have been proposed to make use of multiple interferometric combinations to alleviate the problem. However, the interferograms used in SBAS are multilooked with a boxcar (rectangle) filter to reduce phase noise, resulting in a loss of resolution and signal superstition from different objects. In this paper, we proposed a modified adaptive spatial filtering algorithm for accurate estimation of interferogram and coherence without resolution loss even in rural areas, to better support the deformation monitoring with time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique. The implemented method identifies the statistically homogenous pixels in a neighbourhood based on the goodness-of-fit test, and then applies an adaptive spatial filtering of interferograms. Three statistical tests for the identification of distributed targets will be presented, applied to real data. PALSAR data of the yellow river delta in China is used for demonstrating the effectiveness of this algorithm in rural areas.
Data fusion of high-resolution satellite imagery and GIS data for automatic building extraction
Authors: Guo Z. , Luo L. , Wang W. , Du S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Automatic building extraction in urban areas has become an intensive research as it contributes to many applications. High-resolution satellite (HRS) imagery is an important data source. However, it is a challenge task to extract buildings with only HRS imagery. Additional information and prior knowledge should be incorporated. c A new approach building extraction is proposed in this study. Data sources are QuickBird imagery and GIS data. The GIS data can provide prior knowledge including position and shape information, and the HRS image has rich spectral, texture features. To fuse these two kinds of features, the HRS image is first segmented into image objects. A graph is built according to the connectivity between the adjacent image objects. Second, the position information of GIS data is used to choose a seed region in the image for each GIS building object. Third, the seed region is grown by adding its neighbor regions constrained by the shape of GIS building. The performance is evaluated according to the manually delineated buildings. The results show performance of 0.142 in miss factor and detection percentage of 89.43% (correctness) and the overall quality of 79.35%.
Analysis of the French insurance market exposure to floods: a stochastic model combining river overflow and surface runoff
Authors: Moncoulon D. , Labat D. , Ardon J. , Onfroy T. , Leblois E. , Poulard C. , Aji S. , Rémy A. , Quantin A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The analysis of flood exposure at a national scale for the French insurance market must combine the generation of a probabilistic event set of all possible but not yet occurred flood situations with hazard and damage modeling. In this study, hazard and damage models are calibrated on a 1995–2012 historical event set, both for hazard results (river flow, flooded areas) and loss estimations. Thus, uncertainties in the deterministic estimation of a single event loss are known before simulating a probabilistic event set. To take into account at least 90% of the insured flood losses, the probabilistic event set must combine the river overflow (small and large catchments) with the surface runoff due to heavy rainfall, on the slopes of the watershed. Indeed, internal studies of CCR claim database has shown that approximately 45% of the insured flood losses are located inside the floodplains and 45% outside. 10% other percent are due to seasurge floods and groundwater rise. In this approach, two independent probabilistic methods are combined to create a single flood loss distribution: generation of fictive river flows based on the historical records of the river gauge network and generation of fictive rain fields on small catchments, calibrated on the 1958–2010 Météo-France rain database SAFRAN. All the events in the probabilistic event sets are simulated with the deterministic model. This hazard and damage distribution is used to simulate the flood losses at the national scale for an insurance company (MACIF) and to generate flood areas associated with hazard return periods. The flood maps concern river overflow and surface water runoff. Validation of these maps is conducted by comparison with the address located claim data on a small catchment (downstream Argens).
Social play or social cheating? Another face of sociability in social network games
Authors: De Andrade e Silva Suen
Published: July 2013

This paper explores ideas of cheating and cooperative play in social network games. Despite being criticised for their supposed simplistic and exploitative nature, social network games have created a new game phenomenon, and have demanded a rethinking in the very meaning of social play. Through both empirical analysis of the Facebook game The Sims Social and participant observation of communities of players in Facebook, the paper discusses how social interactions performed within and around the game transform play in a complex articulation of cooperative and transgressive practices, and what implications it might have for the business model underlying social network games at large.
Examining the Internet as a Strategic Corporate Communication Tool in Public Relations Practice
Authors: Jacobs Nkem , Iyamabo Jeremiah , Otubanjo Olutayo
Published: July 2013

The Internet as an innovative platform housing multiple channels of communication is largely responsible for the presence of businesses on the web space. As a result, businesses soon find themselves in a position, not only to feed Internet channels with content but also to manage the content vis-à-vis content on other platforms. In the context of the Nigerian financial services industry, this calls the attention of public relations (PR) practitioners who are positioned in the corporate affairs department to manage the image of the financial institutions they represent. The objective of this study, therefore, was to gain an understanding of the contributions in the literature with respect to the Internet as a communicative tool for businesses. Although the literature has little or no evidence from Nigerian markets, theoretical arguments indicate many uses of the Internet for business communication by PR practitioners resulting in a new communication model proposed by Hoffman & Novak (1996). An attempt to situate these theoretical positions within a local context led the researchers to carry out a pilot study which revealed that there is a gap between internet channels initiated by business and the business objective of opening up such channels. As a result, there is a tendency of such channels to target the wrong audience – calling for the need for further research with empirical evidence.
Rejoinder to Dennis C. Hardin:
Authors: Bissell Roger E.
Published: July 2013

The author reiterates his thesis that the motivation for power lust in liberals, conservatives, and totalitarians cannot be explained by “metaphysical importance” (or even, as per Hardin's suggestion, “superior metaphysical importance”) of economic or noneconomic activity per se, but only by the metaphysical fear that voluntary action in one or both of these realms evokes in statists of whatever stripe. Rand actually made both of these arguments, but only the latter has psychological explanatory power and plausibility in terms of Rand's discussion of the benevolent and malevolent universe premises, and thus is to be preferred over the former.
Magneto-Optical Properties and Size Effect of Ferromagnetic Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Kaihara Terunori , Mizuguchi Masaki , Takanashi Koki , Shimizu Hiromasa
Published: July 2013

We investigated the magneto-optical (MO) effect with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) on ferromagnetic metal (Fe and Co) nanoparticles. We estimated the electric-field enhancement of the ferromagnetic metal nanoparticles caused by LSPR based on Mie scattering theory and compared it with that of Au nanoparticles. The electric-field enhancement of the ferromagnetic metal nanoparticles was 15–17, which is half of that of the Au nanoparticles. In order to explain the calculated results, we prepared ferromagnetic metal nanoparticles by a self-assembly process. We measured the optical transmission spectra and Faraday effect of the ferromagnetic nanoparticles. Although remarkable MO enhancement was not observed, we found characteristic MO spectra and a peak shift at wavelengths longer than 800 nm in samples whose thickness was less than 6 nm. We numerically investigated the size effect and reproduced the experimental results. We concluded that localized plasmons of ferromagnetic metal nanoparticles can produce electric-field enhancement, but the enhancement is not enough to increase the MO effect, and that the MO effect of nanosized ferromagnetic metals could be influenced by size effects rather than by LSPR.
TiN Deposition and Process Diagnostics using Remote Plasma Sputtering
Authors: Yang Wonkyun , Kim Gi-Taek , Lee Seunghun , Kim Do-Geun , Kim Jong-Kuk
Published: July 2013

The discharge voltage–current characteristics and the optical diagnostics of a remote plasma sputtering system called by high density plasma assisted sputtering source (HiPASS) were investigated. The remote plasma was generated by the hollow cathode discharge (HCD) gun and was transported to the target surface by external electromagnet coils. This showed a wide process window because the sputtering voltage and current could be individually controlled. The ion density and energy distribution could be also controlled unlike the conventional magnetron sputtering. Titanium nitride films were deposited under different sputtering voltage. The high voltage mode induced the high ionization ratio of the sputtered atoms and the high ion energy toward the substrate. That resulted in the enlarged grain size, and the preferred orientation toward (220). Eventually, this optimized condition of HiPASS obtained the best hardness of TiN films to be about 48 GPa at the sputtering voltage of -800 V.
Gestures in Instructional Animations: A Helping Hand to Understanding Non‐human Movements?
Authors: de Koning Björn B. , Tabbers Huib K.
Published: July 2013

Recent research on dynamic visualizations suggests that these visualizations are effective for learning human movements such as knot tying or paper folding. Using embodied theories of cognition, this study investigated whether learning non‐human movements from a dynamic visualization can also be enhanced by grounding these movements in the learner's motor system. University students viewed an animation on lightning formation, and followed the animation's movements with gestures, saw an on‐screen human hand follow the movements or saw an arrow follow the movements. Results showed that observing an on‐screen human hand following the movements in the animation, but not actually performing these movements, enhanced retention and transfer performance compared with watching the animation without gestures. This suggests that observation of human hand movement in animation‐based instruction, which plays an important role in learning of procedural‐motor tasks, can also improve people's learning from other dynamic systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Facile Method to Improve the Photocatalytic and Lithium‐Ion Rechargeable Battery Performance of TiO2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Xia Ting , Zhang Wei , Murowchick James B. , Liu Gao , Chen Xiaobo
Published: July 2013

TiO2 has been well studied as an ultraviolet (UV) photocatalyst and electrode material for lithium‐ion rechargeable batteries. Recent studies have shown that hydrogenated TiO2 displayed better photocatalytic and lithium ion battery performances. Here it is demonstrated that the photocatalytic and battery performances of TiO2 nanocrystals can be successfully improved with a facile low‐temperature vacuum process. These TiO2 nanocrystals extend their optical absorption far into the visible‐light region, display nanometer‐scale surface atomic rearrangement, possess superoxide ion characteristics at room temperature without light irradiation, show a 4‐fold improvement in photocatalytic activity, and has 30% better performance in capacity and charge/discharge rates for lithium ion battery. This facile method could provide an alternative and effective approach to improve the performance of TiO2 and other materials towards their practical applications.
Precipitation of hydroxyapatite at 37 °C in a meso oscillatory flow reactor operated in batch at constant power density
Authors: Castro Filipa , Ferreira António , Rocha Fernando , Vicente António , Teixeira José António
Published: July 2013

A meso oscillatory flow reactor (meso‐OFR) was successfully applied for the precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles. Mixing efficiency of the mesoreactor operated batchwise in a vertical tube was evaluated at constant power density, by monitoring variation of hue values upon mixing both spatially and temporally. The best operating conditions for fast mixing and a more homogeneous reaction medium were verified for f = 0.83 Hz and x0 = 4.5 mm. HAp precipitation was then carried out under these conditions at 37 °C for different mixing Ca/P molar ratios. HAp nanoparticles with a mean size (d50) of about 67 nm and a narrow size distribution were obtained. Furthermore, the obtained results show the advantages of the meso‐OFR over a stirred tank batch reactor due to the production, about four times faster, of smaller and more uniform HAp nanoparticles. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4483–4493, 2013
Prehistory in a nutshell: a Lapita‐age nut‐cracking stone from the Arawe Islands, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Lentfer Carol , Matthews Peter J. , Gosden Chris , Lindsay Sue , Specht Jim
Published: July 2013

Organic residue on a stone artefact recovered from the Makekur Lapita site (FOH) on Arawe Island in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, was sampled and dated. The residue is identified as endocarp fragments of a Canarium species nutshell, most likely Canarium indicum L. The artefact, which is made from coralline limestone, is interpreted as a nut‐cracking anvil. AMS dating places its use at approximately 2800 calBP, in Middle–Late Lapita times, and provides the first direct confirmation of Lapita‐age use of nut‐cracking tools. The careful shaping of the tool, combined with ethnographic comparisons, suggests that it was made and used for preparation of special food, possibly for feasting associated with ritual or other ceremonial activities.
Darumbal voyaging: intensifying use of central Queensland's Shoalwater Bay islands over the past 5000 years
Authors: McNiven Ian J. , De Maria Nicole , Weisler Marshall , Lewis Tara
Published: July 2013

Island archipelagos of the tropical coast of central Queensland include the most distant offshore islands used by Aboriginal Australians. Excavations on Collins, Otterbourne and High Peak Islands, located up to 40 km from the mainland, reveal evidence of offshore voyaging and marine specialisation in the Shoalwater Bay region for at least 5200 years. A time lag of up to 3000 years between island formation and systematic island use may reflect delayed development of key marine resources. Expansion of island use commencing around 3000–3500 years ago is linked to population increases sustained by synchronous increases in marine resources. Occupational hiatuses variously between 1000 and 3000 years ago are associated with increased ENSO activity. Intensified island use within the past 1000 years is primarily a social phenomenon associated with continuing demographic pressures and the development of more coastally and marine‐focused mainland groups, with settlement patterns increasingly encompassing adjacent islands. The viability of risky offshore canoe voyaging was underwritten by two key high‐return subsistence pursuits – hunting green turtles and collecting turtle eggs. In addition to subsistence and quartz quarrying, a key motivation for island visitation may have been socially restricted (e.g. ceremonial) practices.
Knowledge popularity in a heterogeneous network: Exploiting the contextual effects of document popularity in knowledge management systems
Authors: Sha Xiqing , Ting‐Ting Chang Klarissa , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Chenghong
Published: July 2013

In organizations, the amount of attention that user‐generated knowledge receives in knowledge management systems (KMSs) may not imply its potential for benefiting organizational activities in terms of accelerating innovation and product development. To optimize the utilization of knowledge in organizations, it is crucial to identify factors that influence knowledge popularity. From a network perspective, this study proposes a model to evaluate knowledge popularity by investigating 2 attributes of contextual information (i.e., authors and tags) that are embedded in a heterogeneous knowledge network, and how they interact to impact knowledge popularity. Objective data obtained through the interaction history of a KMS in a global telecommunication company was applied to test the hypotheses. This paper contributes to the extant literature on knowledge popularity by identifying contextual attributions of knowledge, and empirically tests the impact of their interactions on knowledge popularity.
Neural Network On‐Line Modeling and Controlling Method for Multi‐Variable Control of Wastewater Treatment Processes
Authors: Qiao Jun‐fei , Han Guang , Han Hong‐gui
Published: July 2013

A neural network on‐line modeling and controlling method (NNOMC) is proposed in this paper for multi‐variable control of wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs). According to the approximating character of the feedforward neural network (FNN), a modeling FNN is proposed to simulate and decouple WWTPs. Then, an FNN controller for multi‐variable control of WWTPs is designed. Moreover, the stability of the NNOMC method is proven in a general inference via the limitation of the learning rate of the FNN. Finally, this proposed NNOMC method is used in the international benchmark of WWTPs. The results show the NNOMC method owns both better approximating and controlling performance.
Optimal Tracking for State‐Dependent Coefficient Factorized Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Ornelas‐Tellez Fernando , Rico J. Jesus , Ruiz‐Cruz Riemann
Published: July 2013

This paper pressents an infinite‐horizon optimal controller, based on a state‐dependent Riccati equation approach to solve the tracking for nonlinear systems. The synthesized control law comes from solving the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation for state‐dependent coefficient factorized nonlinear systems. The proposed controller results in a state feedback optimal control law plus a time varying term, which minimizes a quadratic performance index. In order to illustrate the tracking to a desired reference, the proposed optimal control law is applied to two systems with practical applications: the Van der Pol oscillator and a doubly fed induction generator. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.
Finite Time Stability Analysis of Switched Systems with Stable and Unstable Subsystems
Authors: Chen Guopei , Yang Ying , Pan Qingnian
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we study the finite time stability of nonlinear switched systems consisting of both stable and unstable subsystems. First, the finite time stability of systems is studied using the activation time of the subsystems. We show that if the total activation time of unstable subsystems is relatively small compared with that of finite time stable subsystems, then finite time stability of switched systems is guaranteed. Second, the finite time stability of systems is studied based on the comparison principle. We show that if the comparison system is finite time stable, then the finite time stability of switched systems is guaranteed. Finally, a concrete application is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Biogas upgrading – technology overview, comparison and perspectives for the future
Authors: Bauer Fredric , Persson Tobias , Hulteberg Christian , Tamm Daniel
Published: July 2013

The utilization of biogas produced from organic materials such as agricultural wastes or manure is increasing. However, the raw biogas contains a large share of carbon dioxide which must be removed before utilization in many applications, for example, using the gas as vehicle fuel. The process – biogas upgrading – can be performed with several technologies: water scrubbing, organic solvent scrubbing, amine scrubbing, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), and gas separation membranes. This perspective presents the technologies that are used commercially for biogas upgrading today, recent developments in the field and compares the technologies with regard to aspects such as technology maturity, investment cost, energy demand and consumables. Emerging technologies for small‐scale upgrading and future applications of upgraded biogas such as liquefied biogas are also discussed. It shows that the market situation has changed rapidly in recent years, from being totally dominated by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) and water scrubbing to being more balanced with new technologies (amine scrubbing) reaching significant market shares. There are significant economies of scale for all the technologies investigated, the specific investment costs are similar for plants with a throughput capacity of 1500 Nm3 raw biogas per hour or larger. Biogas production is increasing in Europe and around the globe, and so is the interest in the efficient use of upgraded biogas as vehicle fuel or in other applications. The market for biogas upgrading will most likely be characterized by harder competition with the establishment of new upgrading technologies and further optimization of the mature ones to decrease operation costs. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Optimization of oncogene expression through intra‐population competition
Authors: Ferreira Joshua P. , Wang Clifford L.
Published: July 2013

Although functional roles have been assigned to many genes, e.g. those involved in cell‐cycle regulation, growth signaling, or cancer, considerably less is known about the quantitative relationship between gene expression levels and outcome. We devised an intra‐population competition to study oncogene dosage. Cell populations were engineered to express a range of H‐Ras oncogene levels. Cells with different levels of H‐Ras then “competed” for an increased share of the total cell population. Using flow cytometry to track the population composition over time, we determined the relationship between the different H‐Ras oncogene expression levels and the net proliferation rate. Under culture conditions in which wild‐type Ras activation was suppressed, we found that increased and maximal net proliferation occurred when the H‐Ras G12V oncogene was expressed at a level 1.2‐fold that of wild‐type Ras. As the H‐Ras G12V expression levels increased above this optimal level, proliferation rates decreased. Our findings suggest that the tumor evolution process may optimize gene expression levels for maximal cell proliferation. In principle, engineered intra‐population competitions can be used to determine proliferation rates associated with the level of any ectopically expressed gene. The approach also may be used to determine proliferation rates associated with different cell species in a heterogeneous population or to improve the proliferation rate of a cell line. We also envision that the tracking of intra‐population competitions could be utilized to investigate the evolution of tumors in the body.
Size and structure of Chlorella zofingiensis/FeCl3 flocs in a shear flow
Authors: Wyatt Nicholas B. , O'Hern Timothy J. , Shelden Bion , Hughes Lindsey G. , Mondy Lisa A.
Published: July 2013

Flocculation is a promising method to overcome the economic hurdle to separation of algae from its growth medium in large scale operations. However, understanding of the floc structure and the effects of shear on the floc structure are crucial to the large scale implementation of this technique. The floc structure is important because it determines, in large part, the density and settling behavior of the algae. Freshwater algae floc size distributions and fractal dimensions are presented as a function of applied shear rate in a Couette cell using ferric chloride as a flocculant. Comparisons are made with measurements made for a polystyrene microparticle model system taken here as well as reported literature results. The algae floc size distributions are found to be self‐preserving with respect to shear rate, consistent with literature data for polystyrene. Three fractal dimensions are calculated which quantitatively characterize the complexity of the floc structure. Low shear rates result in large, relatively dense packed flocs which elongate and fracture as the shear rate is increased. The results presented here provide crucial information for economically implementing flocculation as a large scale algae harvesting strategy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 3156–3163. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analyses of anticancer drugs by capillary electrophoresis: a review
Authors: Ali Imran , Haque Ashanul , Wani Waseem A. , Saleem Kishwar , Al Za'abi Mohammed
Published: July 2013

Capillary electrophoresis is a fast, inexpensive and low detection limit technique for the analysis of anticancer drugs. It has been used to analyze various anticancer drugs in biological samples, pharmaceutical preparations and environmental matrices. It has also been used to detect various cancer biomarkers in cancer patients. The present article describes the state‐of‐the art of capillary electrophoresis for the analyses of anticancer drugs. Various drugs discussed belong to several groups such as antimitotic agents, nucleoside analogs, antibiotics, topoisomerase inhibitors and DNA intercalating agents. In addition, efforts have also been made to discuss sample preparation, applications of capillary electrophoresis in genomic research, optimization and future perspectives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an LC‐MS/MS method for quantification of kadsurenone in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zhang Nan , Li Rui , Yu Haiyao , Shi Dan , Dong Ning , Zhang Sixi , Wang Helei
Published: July 2013

A sensitive and rapid LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of kadsurenone in rat plasma using lysionotin as the internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted from rat plasma with acetonitrile and separated on a SB‐C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d.; 1.8 µm) at 30 °C. Elution was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of methanol–water–formic acid (65:35:0.1, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.30 mL/min. Detection and quantification for analytes were performed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization m/z at 357.1 → 178.1 for kadsurenone, and m/z 345.1 → 315.1 for IS. Calibration curves were linear over a concentration range of 4.88–1464 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantification of 4.88 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracies and precisions were <8.9%. The LC‐MS/MS assay was successfully applied for oral pharmacokinetic evaluation of kadsurenone using the rat as an animal model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable Development Strategies for Product Innovation and Energy Efficiency
Authors: Gerstlberger Wolfgang , Præst Knudsen Mette , Stampe Ian
Published: July 2013

The interaction between product innovation and companies’ activities aimed at improving the energy efficiency of production facilities has been relatively little studied, but is of great relevance to society and companies given the strong focus of governments on grand challenges like climate change, green innovation technologies, and environmental problems in general. This paper utilizes the 2009 European Manufacturing Survey for the Danish sub‐sample including 335 manufacturing firms. Through factor analysis, this paper confirms three main areas of focus of new product development: efficiency considerations, market attention, and greening of innovation. Logistic regression analysis demonstrates that while market attention is important for the development of new products, green aspects of innovation and efficiency considerations are important for production companies wanting to improve their energy efficiency. When these models are combined, the results highlight that energy efficiency moderates the effect of market attention to new product development. This paper therefore finds that aligning product innovation and energy efficiency is a complex and intertwined process – focusing on one may have indirect detrimental effects on the other. These results point to the conclusion that researchers and practitioners in innovation management have to consider more carefully the specificities and interactions of different types of products and process innovations and their environmental implications, and must formulate new, more sustainable managerial practices combining energy efficiency and product innovation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Positive Consequences of False Memories
Authors: Howe Mark L. , Garner Sarah R. , Patel Megan
Published: July 2013

Previous research is replete with examples of the negative consequences of false memories. In the current research, we provide a different perspective on false memories and their development and demonstrate that false memories can have positive consequences. Specifically, we examined the role false memories play in subsequent problem‐solving tasks. Children and adults studied and recalled neutral or survival‐relevant lists of associated words. They then solved age‐normed compound remote associates, some of whose solutions had been primed by false memories created when studying the previous lists. The results showed that regardless of age: (a) survival‐related words were not only better recollected but were also more susceptible than neutral words to false memory illusions; and (b) survival‐related false memories were better than neutral false memories as primes for problem‐solving. These findings are discussed in the context of recent speculation concerning the positive consequences of false memories, and the adaptive nature of reconstructive memory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Two Novel Borate Compounds MgInBO4 and MgIn7/8B7/8O29/8.
Authors: Li H. K. , Cai G. M. , Fan J. J. , Jin Z. P. , Zhou T. T. , Chen X. L.
Published: July 2013

The new title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of MgO, In2O3, and H3BO3 (1080—1190 °C, 36 h) and their crystal structures are determined by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Electrical Properties of a New Tin Vanadium Selenide.
Authors: Atkins Ryan , Disch Sabrina , Jones Zachary , Haeusler Ines , Grosse Corinna , Fischer Saskia F. , Neumann Wolfgang , Zschack Paul , Johnson David C.
Published: July 2013

The intergrowth compound (SnSe)1.15VSe2 is prepared from the elements by physical vapor deposition using the modulated elemental reactant technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Stacking Variants and Superconductivity in the Bi—O—S System.
Authors: Phelan W. Adam , Wallace David C. , Arpino Kathryn E. , Neilson James R. , Livi Kenneth J. , Seabourne Che R. , Scott Andrew J. , McQueen Tyrel M.
Published: July 2013

The new compounds Bi2OS2 (I) and Bi3O2S3 (II) are prepared from mixtures of Bi2S3, Bi2O3, and S (430—520 °C, 10—17 h) and characterized by powder XRD and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Two New Phases Discovered in the PbO—Fe2O3—P2O5 System.
Authors: El Hafid Hassan , Velazquez Matias , Perez Olivier , El Jazouli Abdelaziz , Pautrat Alain , Decourt Rodolphe , Veron Emmanuel , Viraphong Oudomsack , Delmas Claude
Published: July 2013

PbFe3O(PO4)3 (I) powder is prepared by co‐precipitation from an aqueous solution of Pb(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, and (NH4)2HPO4 at 120 °C (precipitate heating to 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Decoration of Sulfur with Porous Metal Nanostructures: An Alternative Strategy for Improving the Cyclability of Sulfur Cathode Materials for Advanced Lithium—Sulfur Batteries.
Authors: Tao Xinyong , Chen Feng , Xia Yang , Huang Hui , Gan Yongping , Chen Xiaorong , Zhang Wenkui
Published: July 2013

Pt@S nanostructures are prepared from mixtures of pristine sulfur microparticles (obtained from aqueous mixtures of sodium polysulfide, ZnCl2, and H2O2), aqueous H2PtCl6, and NaBH4 solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: Germanium Sulfide (II and IV) Nanoparticles for Enhanced Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries.
Authors: Park Jeunghee , et al. et al.
Published: July 2013

Crystalline, orthorhombic GeS and GeS2 nanoparticles are synthesized by gas phase laser photolysis of stoichiometric mixtures of GeMe4 and H2S followed by thermal annealing at 350 °C for 0.5—2 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu2(OH)PO4, a Near‐Infrared‐Activated Photocatalyst.
Authors: Wang Gang , Huang Baibiao , Ma Xiangchao , Wang Zeyan , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Dai Ying , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan
Published: July 2013

Microcrystals of the title compound are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous solutions of stoichiometric amounts of Cu(NO3)2 and Na2HPO4 (pH 7, autoclave, 120 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ln3FeGaQ7: A New Series of Transition‐Metal Rare‐Earth Chalcogenides.
Authors: Yin Wenlong , Wang Wendong , Kang Lei , Lin Zheshuai , Feng Kai , Shi Youguo , Hao Wenyu , Yao Jiyong , Wu Yicheng
Published: July 2013

The compounds Ln3FeGaQ7 (Ln: Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Q: S; Ln: Nd, Gd, Dy, Q: Se) are prepared by solid state reactions of Ln, Fe, Ga2Q3, and Q (sealed silica tube, 1323—1373 K, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Suppression of Intersite Charge Transfer in Charge‐Disproportionated Perovskite YCu3Fe4O12.
Authors: Yamada Ikuya , et al. et al.
Published: July 2013

The new title perovskite is synthesized from a mixture of YCu3Fe4O10.5 and KClO4 (Pt capsule, 15 GPa, 1273 K, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling: Activation of C—H Bonds by a Cooperative Bimetallic Catalyst System.
Authors: Cao Weidi , Liu Xiaohua , Peng Ruixue , He Peng , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: July 2013

A combination of nickel and iron salts with a chiral proline‐derived N,N′‐dioxide ligand is an efficient catalytic system for the asymmetric cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of cyclic β‐ketoesters with xanthene.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study on the Substituent Effects of Norbornadiene Derivatives in Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Hu Jun , Yang Qingjing , Yu Lu , Xu Jianbin , Liu Shanshan , Huang Chao , Wang Lin , Zhou Yongyun , Fan Baomin
Published: July 2013

Employing a series of norbornadiene derivatives as substrates, the effects of various substituents on the Ir‐catalyzed [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with arylacetylenes are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidative 1,2‐Shift in 1,1′‐Disubstituted Olefins Using Arene(iodo)sulfonic Acid as the Precatalyst and Oxone as the Oxidant.
Authors: Purohit Vikram C. , Allwein Shawn P. , Bakale Roger P.
Published: July 2013

The new methodology provides concise access to homobenzylic ketones with electron‐donating substituents from disubstituted olefins (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Ultrasmall Iron(0) Nanoparticles as Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Unsaturated C—C Bonds.
Authors: Kelsen Vinciane , Wendt Bianca , Werkmeister Svenja , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias , Chaudret Bruno
Published: July 2013

Monodisperse iron nanoparticles of about 2 nm size are prepared and tested as a heterogeneous catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkenes, dienes, and alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Convenient N‐Formylation Protocol in Water‐Containing Solvents.
Authors: Aleiwi Bilal A. , Mitachi Katsuhiko , Kurosu Michio
Published: July 2013

A new protocol is developed for the N‐formylation of amines and amino acids with formic acid in the presence of water‐soluble peptide coupling additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Alkynylation of N‐Sulfonylamides versus Amides and Carbamates — Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrazines.
Authors: Aubineau Thomas , Cossy Janine
Published: July 2013

Benziodoxol (II) is found to be a good and chemoselective alkynylating reagent for N‐tosyl amides, such as (I), (IV) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral NCN Pincer Rhodium(III) Complexes with Bis(imidazolinyl)phenyl Ligands: Synthesis and Enantioselective Catalytic Alkynylation of Trifluoropyruvates with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Wang Tao , Niu Jun‐Long , Liu Shuang‐Liang , Huang Juan‐Juan , Gong Jun‐Fang , Song Mao‐Ping
Published: July 2013

The new chiral title catalyst can be applied to the synthesis of a wide range of different substituted and optically active propargylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Alkynylation of Densely Functionalized Monofluorinated Derivatives: C(sp3)—C(sp) Coupling.
Authors: Kamlar Martin , Putaj Piotr , Vesely Jan
Published: July 2013

The alkynylation of nucleophilic fluorocarbons (II) with hypervalent iodine compound (I) is developed using a cinchona alkaloid derivative as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Whole Cells in Enantioselective Reduction of tert‐Butyl Acetoacetate.
Authors: Ramos Aline de Souza , Ribeiro Joyce Benzaquem , Lopes Raquel de Oliveira , de Souza Rodrigo Octavio Mendonca Alves
Published: July 2013

Several microorganism strains are tested in the enantioselective reduction of tert‐butyl acetoacetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N,N′‐Disulfonylamidines from Sulfonamides and Alkynes by a Two‐Step, One‐Pot Reaction with Nonafluorobutanesulfonyl Azide.
Authors: Suarez Jose Ramon , Kwiczak Joanna , Grenda Katarzyna , Jimeno M. Luisa , Chiara Jose Luis
Published: July 2013

The novel and simple title reaction affords the different substituted products (IV) and (VI) from available sulfonamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Alkylation of Bis(triflyl)methane Through Self‐Promoting Formation of Easily Isolable 1,1‐Bis(triflyl)alkenes.
Authors: Yanai Hikaru , Egawa Saki , Taguchi Takeo
Published: July 2013

Self‐promoting condensation of title agent (II) with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (I) provides dienes (III), whereas aliphatic aldehydes (VII) give unusual β,γ‐unsaturated sulfones (VIII) as the major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Cyclopropanation of α‐Bromochalcone with Diethyl Malonate Promoted by K2CO3.
Authors: Sun Yongxian , Yang Gaosheng , Shen Yue , Hua Zan , Chai Zhuo
Published: July 2013

Besides good yields for the exclusive formation of the trans‐isomers (III), this Michael‐initiated ring closure reaction also provides the first access to the cis‐isomers (IV) of the depicted densely substituted cyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Direct Alkenylation of sp3(C—H) Bonds via Decarboxylation of Cinnamic Acids under Ligand‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yang Hailong , Yan Hong , Sun Peng , Zhu Yan , Lu Linhua , Liu Defu , Rong Guangwei , Mao Jincheng
Published: July 2013

A novel ferrocene‐catalyzed decarboxylative C(sp2)—C(sp3) coupling reaction via C—H functionalization is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient and Green Protocol for the Michael Addition of Malonates, Diketones and β‐Keto Esters to the Nitrostyrenes.
Authors: Agarwal Jyoti , Naganaboina Ram Tilak , Peddinti Rma Krishna
Published: July 2013

A novel method for the rapid synthesis of functionalized nitroalkanes by addition of less reactive carbon nucleophiles to various trans‐β‐nitrostyrenes under solvent‐free reaction conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported L‐Prolinol‐Based Catalysts for the Enantioselective Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to N‐(Diphenylphosphinyl)imines.
Authors: Almansa Raquel , Collados Juan F. , Guijarro David , Yus Miguel
Published: July 2013

The polymeric ligand can be recovered and reused up to six times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Method of Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Tribromides and Investigation of Catalytic Role of Benzyltrimethylammonium Tribromide in Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Dey Madhudeepa , Dhar Siddhartha Sankar , Kalita Mukul
Published: July 2013

Benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide is used as an efficient catalyst for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Chloro‐3‐oxoesters by Reaction of the Dianion of Ethyl 2‐Chloroacetoacetate with Electrophiles.
Authors: Specowius Verena , Rahn Thomas , Adeel Muhammad , Reim Stefanie , Feist Holger , Saghyan Ashot S. , Langer Peter
Published: July 2013

Title compounds [(III), (V), and (VII)] as well as 2‐alkylidenetetrahydrofuran (IX) are synthesized by regioselective reaction of the dianion of ester (I) with halides [(II), (IV), or (VIII)] or aldehydes (VI), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilized on Nano‐Silica Triazine Dendritic Polymer (Pdnp‐nSTDP): An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling and Heck Reactions.
Authors: Isfahani Amir Landarani , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Mirkhani Valiollah , Khosropour Ahmad R. , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Kia Reza
Published: July 2013

The new title catalyst shows high activity for the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling and the Heck reaction by using low loadings.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiocontrolled Hydroarylation of (Trifluoromethyl)acetylenes in Superacids: Synthesis of CF3‐Substituted 1,1‐Diarylethenes.
Authors: Alkhafaji Haider M. H. , Ryabukhin Dmitry S. , Muzalevskiy Vasiliy M. , Vasilyev Aleksander V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Shastin Alexey V. , Nenajdenko Valentine G.
Published: July 2013

Vinyl cations are generated from aryl(trifluoromethyl)acetylenes using superacids such as TfOH or FSO3H.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid Approach Toward Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Triarylpent‐2‐ene‐1,5‐diones Catalyzed by KF/Al2O3 and PEG‐400 Using Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Song Mingzhi , Fan Chuangang
Published: July 2013

A fast and environmentally benign approach for the transformation of triarylpyrylium salts to 1,3,5‐triarylpent‐5‐ene‐1,5‐diones under microwave irradiation is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Alkynylcarboxylic Acids with Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides.
Authors: Reddy Police Vishnuvardhan , Srinivas Pottabathula , Annapurna Manne , Bhargava Suresh , Wagler Jorg , Mirzadeh Nedaossadat , Kantam Mannepalli Lakshmi
Published: July 2013

The applied catalyst is prepared in three steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Indenones via Oxidation and Cyclization of 2‐(2‐Arylethynylphenyl)acetonitriles.
Authors: Chen Xuxing , He Qian , Xie Yuyuan , Yang Chunhao
Published: July 2013

A facile one‐pot two‐step synthesis of functionalized indenones [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Asymmetric Aldol Addition—Isomerization of α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Butyrolactam with Aryl α‐Ketoesters: Synthesis of MBH‐Type Products.
Authors: Zhang Jinlong , Liu Xihong , Ma Xiaojuan , Wang Rui
Published: July 2013

The title reaction affords Morita—Baylis—Hillman type adducts containing a quaternary stereocenter in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.