bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On stable parameter estimation and short-term forecasting with quantified uncertainty with application to COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Smirnova Alexandra , Pidgeon Brian , Luo Ruiyan
Published: April 2022

A novel optimization algorithm for stable parameter estimation and forecasting from limited incidence data for an emerging outbreak is proposed.
The algorithm combines a compartmental model of disease progression with iteratively regularized predictor-corrector numerical scheme aimed at the reconstruction of case reporting ratio, transmission rate, and effective reproduction number.
The algorithm is illustrated with real data on COVID-19 pandemic in the states of Georgia and New York, USA.
The techniques of functional data analysis are applied for uncertainty quantification in extracted parameters and in future projections of new cases.
Hard-to-learn conjunctive expressions for advanced learners: a survey on storytelling in I-JAS
Authors: Sunakawa Yuriko
Published: April 2022

There are basic grammatical items that are difficult to learn even for advanced learners, although they are introduced early at the beginning of their learning. Conjunctive expressions that imply speakers’ subjective feelings such as suruto ‘then,’ sokode ‘then and there’ are one such item. We use storytelling data from the “International Corpus of Japanese as a Second Language” to investigate how Japanese native speakers and Japanese L2 learners whose first languages are Chinese and Korean use conjunctive expressions at the turning moments of a story. The results indicate that even learners at an advanced level do not use conjunctive expressions that native Japanese speakers do to make stories vivid and lively. We explain this phenomenon using the concept of “subjective construal.” We further consult previous research on Japanese teaching practices and consider how to instruct this type of expression.
Possible worlds theory, accessibility relations, and counterfactual historical fiction
Authors: Raghunath Riyukta
Published: April 2022

Possible Worlds Theory has commonly been invoked to describe fictional worlds and their relationship to the actual world. As an approach to genre, the relationship between fictional worlds and the actual world is also constitutive of specific text types. By drawing on the notion of accessibility relations, different genres can be classified based on the distance between their fictional worlds and the actual world. Maître, Doreen. 1983. Literature and possible worlds. Middlesex: Middlesex University Press for example, in what is considered the first attempt to adapt accessibility relations from logic to literary studies, distinguishes between four text types depending on the extent to which their fictional worlds can be seen as possible, probable, or impossible in the actual world. Developing Maître’s work, Ryan, Marie-Laure. 1991a. Possible worlds and accessibility relations: A semantic typology of fiction. Poetics Today 12. 553–576, c.f. Ryan, Marie-Laure. 1991b. Possible worlds, artificial intelligence, and narrative theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press) creates a comprehensive taxonomy of accessibility relations that may be perceived between fictional worlds and the actual world. This includes assuming compatibility with the actual world in terms of physical laws, general truths, people, places, and entities. Using her taxonomy, she then offers a typology of 13 genres to show how fictional worlds created by different genres differ from each other. As it stands, Ryan’s typology does not contain the genre of counterfactual historical fiction, but similar genres such as science fiction and historical confabulation are included. In this article, specific examples from counterfactual historical fiction are analysed to show why it is problematic to place these texts within the genres of historical confabulation or science fiction. Furthermore, as I show, Ryan’s typological model also does not account for some of the characteristic features of the genre of counterfactual historical fiction and as such the model cannot account for all texts within the genre. To resolve this issue, I offer modifications to Ryan’s model so it may be used more effectively to define and distinguish the genre of counterfactual historical fiction.
How do characters perceive their world? Representation of perception from traditional past-tense narrative to contemporary present-tense narrative
Authors: Shigematsu Eri
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates representation of perception in the novel. While many critics have great interests in the conceptual level of consciousness, namely characters’ thoughts, they have paid little attention to the perceptual level of consciousness. Characters’ perceptions are important, as they often lead to their cognitive activities, making up their experiences described in narrative. The narrative technique for representing perception that has been studied is what is called represented perception: a narrative technique for rendering a character’s perceptions without explicitly indicating his/her act of perception. However, as in the case of thought representation, there are more ways to represent fictional perception according to the degree of mediacy. This paper suggests a linguistic paradigm for perception representation, examining more mediate and im-mediate ways of representing perception with some historical insights, and reveals the varied importance of perception in the history of the novel.
Substitutional Accounting for Singular Terms: Some Problems and a Slightly More Kantian Solution for Brandom
Authors: Lewin Micah
Published: April 2022

This article grapples with Robert Brandom’s account of singular terms. I argue that neither Brandom’s answer to the question “What are singular terms?” nor his answer to the question “Why are there any singular terms?” works as they currently stand. Brandom’s substitution-inferential semantic account of what singular terms are fails to distinguish between the semantic role of singular terms and indefinite descriptions, and Brandom’s “expressive transcendental deduction” for why there are any singular terms fails to deciseively show that singular terms are expressively necessary for the use of logical vocabulary. Still, I then characterize how Brandom does have resources within his substitution-inferential semantics to give a better, revised answer to the question “What are singular terms?” that both fits programmatically within his framework and has a curious Kantian parallel. I leave the matter offering a Brandom-friendly replacement account for why there are any singular terms thus conceived for another occasion.
NORAD modulates miR-30c-5p-LDHA to protect lung endothelial cells damage
Authors: Zhou Yuhua , Chen Chunyan , Li Qingtian , Sheng Huiqiu , Guo Xiaokui , Mao Enqiang
Published: April 2022

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating human malignancy characterized by excessively uncontrolled inflammation and lung endothelial dysfunction. Non-coding RNAs play essential roles in endothelial protections during the pathological processes of ALI. The precise functions and molecular mechanisms of the lncRNA-NORAD-mediated endothelial protection remain obscure. This study reports NORAD was significantly induced in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Silencing NORAD effectively protected HPMECs against the LPS-induced cell dysfunction. In addition, RNA pull-down and luciferase assay validated that NORAD sponged miR-30c-5p, which showed reverse functions of NORAD in the LPS-induced cell injury of HPMECs. Furthermore, the glucose metabolism of HPMECs was significantly elevated under LPS stimulation which promoted the glucose consumption and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of HPMECs. Inhibiting NORAD or overexpressing miR-30c-5p suppressed glucose metabolism in HPMECs, leading to protective effects on HPMECs under LPS stimulation. The glycolysis key enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA), was subsequently identified as a direct target of miR-30c-5p. Finally, recovery of miR-30c-5p in NORAD-overexpressing HPMECs effectively overrode the NORAD-promoted glycolysis and impaired endothelial dysfunction under LPS stimulation by targeting LDHA. Summarily, we demonstrated a NORAD-miR-30c-5p-LDHA-glycolysis axis in the LPS-induced HPMECs dysfunction in vitro and in vivo, contributing to the development of anti-ALI therapeutic approaches.
COVID-19 fear, post-traumatic stress, growth, and the role of resilience
Authors: Fino Edita , Mema Denis , Treska Valbona
Published: April 2022

Understanding the factors through which pandemic fear may be associated not just with distress, but also with growth outcomes is crucial to informing interventions across population groups and cultural settings. To achieve this aim, in a cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between the fear of COVID-19, post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth while assessing the moderating role of trait resilience. Findings showed that fear of COVID-19 was associated with both stress and growth outcomes and that resilience was a significant moderator of these effects. Specifically, trait resilience acted as a buffer against post-traumatic stress and as a booster factor for appreciation for life. Given the imbalance between needs and resources in times of global pandemic, interventions promoting psychological wellbeing should leverage existing resources and consider psychological resilience as a valuable target to protect against negative and optimise positive outcomes.
The crystal structure of 1,3(4,1)-dipyridin-1-iuma-2(1,8)-diethynylanthracena-5(1,3)-benzenacyclohexaphane-11,31-diium bis(hexafluoridophosphate), C36H24F12N2P2
Authors: Hu Xia , Zeng Fei
Published: April 2022

C36H24F12N2P2, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.218(7) Å, b = 10.384(9) Å, c = 19.908(17) Å, α = 96.402(12)°, β = 91.216(12)°, γ = 101.161(12)°, V = 1655(2) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0685, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.2188, T = 296(2) K.
Mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of starch films incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles
Authors: Shapi’i Ruzanna Ahmad , Othman Siti Hajar , Basha Roseliza Kadir , Naim Mohd Nazli
Published: April 2022

The mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of tapioca starch films produced using a solvent casting method with varying concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs; 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35% w/w of solid starch) were investigated. The addition of 15% w/w CNP (size range: 20–50 nm) to the starch films (starch/CNP films) enhanced the tensile strength from 1.12 to 10.03 MPa (7.96-fold increment) and elongation at break from 67.00 to 90.77% (0.35-fold increment). However, the thermal stability of the starch films reduced slightly whereby the maximum degradation temperature decreased from 316.32 to 289.11°C (0.09-fold decrement) with the addition of CNP. The opacity of 15% w/w starch/CNP films increased from 8.07 to 14.67 due to the presence of CNP within the starch matrix that hinders the light transmission pass through the film. Furthermore, reductions in the water vapor permeability from 1.1 × 10−11 to 0.63 × 10−11 g/Pa h m (4-fold increment) and oxygen permeability from 7.38 × 10−3 to 3.59 × 10−3 cm3/m day Pa (0.51-fold increment) of the films were observed. Starch/CNP films fabricated in this work exhibit enhanced the mechanical and barrier properties, thus proving the promising potential to be employed as food packaging materials.
Long-term stability of ready-to-use epinephrine 0.02 mg/mL injection solution in 50 mL glass vials
Authors: Heeb Rita Marina , Erdnüß Frank , Reichhold Julia , Krämer Irene
Published: April 2022

Objectives

In adult intensive care patients, epinephrine is mostly administered by continuous injection with syringe pumps. The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical stability of pharmacy prepared ready-to-use epinephrine (E) 0.02 mg/mL injection solutions (total volume 50 mL) for assigning shelf-life.

Methods

E 0.02 mg/mL injection solution in 50 mL amber type l glass vials was produced batch-wise in the pharmacy department. Stability of the refrigerated (2–8 °C) product was investigated in real time over a period of 36 months by analyzing E concentrations, osmolality, pH, and sub-visible particles at predefined time-points. For E concentration measurements a stability-indicating, validated reversed-phase HPLC-PDA assay was used.

Results

The autoclaving process of E 0.02 mg/mL injection solution in 50 mL amber type I glass vials caused 5% loss of the active substance. The finished product remained stable over the study period of 36 months when stored refrigerated.

Conclusions

Batch-wise production of ready-to-use E injection solution 0.02 mg/mL in 50 mL amber glass vials was successfully implemented in our pharmacy department. According to the stability tests, a shelf-life of 36 months can be assigned to the finished product stored refrigerated. Studies concerning stability at room temperature would be useful.
Semi-endogenous Versus Schumpeterian Growth Models: A Critical Review of the Literature and New Evidence
Authors: Herzer Dierk
Published: April 2022

Several studies have tested semi-endogenous versus Schumpeterian growth models using different methodological approaches. This paper critically reviews these studies including their approaches and provides new evidence on this issue, by analyzing both time-series data from the United States and panel data from 19 OECD countries over the period 1980–2014. The review finds much support for Schumpeterian growth theory, but shows that all studies reviewed have several limitations. These limitations include conceptual problems associated with the use of the number/stock of patents as a measure of the flow/stock of knowledge, the possibility of spurious regressions due to non-stationary data, potential mismeasurement of R&D inputs due to possible interpolation and deflation errors, misspecification problems that can arise in difference models when variables are cointegrated, and potential spurious rejections of the unit root hypothesis for R&D intensity when the lag length in unit root tests is too small. The present study avoids these limitations and finds strong evidence in favor of semi-endogenous growth.
Lexical restrictions on grammatical relations in voice constructions (Northern Amis)
Authors: Bril Isabelle
Published: April 2022

Amis (Austronesian, Taiwan) displays a rich, partly symmetrical voice system and a split case-marking pattern which are selected and restricted by (i) verb classes whose basic diathesis correlates with semantic properties such as activities versus states, and (ii) by Aktionsart features (i.e., atelic activities versus telic accomplishment and achievements), which also denote degrees of patient affectedness. Referential features such as patient definiteness, and semantic features such as agent’s animacy and intentionality also bear on voice selection. This voice system offers alternate ways of encoding arguments within a bipartite case-marking pattern; it also promotes peripheral, non-core arguments to subject function via applicative voice constructions.
Causatives in the languages of the Volga-Kama Region
Authors: Bradley Jeremy , F. Gulyás Nikolett , Czentnár András
Published: April 2022

Turkic and Uralic languages of the Russian Volga-Kama Region share a strong preference for transitivization over detransitivization (in contrast to Russian), leading to wide usage of causative derivational suffixes. These tendencies are typical for Turkic and Uralic however and do not necessarily require a contact-linguistic explanation. However, microvariation in causative constructions in these languages and their dialects show convergence between unrelated or distantly related varieties – i.e., strong indicators of contact-induced convergence. This paper looks at such facets in three Uralic (Mari, Udmurt, Komi-Permyak) and two Turkic (Tatar, Chuvash) languages of the region.
Keine Liebe (mehr) in Religionspädagogik und Religionsunterricht? Theoretische Vernachlässigung und praktisches Interesse
Authors: Schweitzer Friedrich
Published: April 2022

Den Ausgangspunkt dieses Beitrags stellt die weitreichende Vernachlässigung von Liebe als Thema in der wissenschaftlichen Religionspädagogik dar. In einem ersten Schritt wird diese Vernachlässigung im Blick auf Veröffentlichungen im Bereich der wissenschaftlichen Religionspädagogik aufgezeigt, was zu einem widersprüchlichen Bild führt. Denn die theologische Grundlage der christlichen Religionspädagogik wird oft so beschrieben, dass sie die Erwartung weckt, dass Liebe im Zentrum des christlichen Verständnisses von Erziehung und Bildung steht (Liebe Gottes, Nächstenliebe, Feindesliebe, Selbstliebe). In einem zweiten Schritt werden Schulbücher und Unterrichtsmaterialien für den Religionsunterricht untersucht, um der These nachzugehen, dass die Praxis des Religionsunterrichts stärker dazu tendiert als die wissenschaftliche Religionspädagogik, Liebe als ein Zentralthema anzusehen. Diese These wird darüber hinaus vor dem Hintergrund empirischer Befunde im Blick auf das Interesse von Schüler:innen an Themen, die sich auf Liebe beziehen, diskutiert. Am Ende werden mögliche Gründe für die Spannung zwischen der Vernachlässigung von Liebe im wissenschaftlich-religionspädagogischen Diskurs und dem praktischen Interesse an diesem Thema vorgeschlagen.
Caravanserai middens on desert roads: a new perspective on the Nabataean–Roman trade network across the Negev
Authors: Bar-Oz Guy , Galili Roy , Fuks Daniel , Erickson-Gini Tali , Tepper Yotam , Shamir Nofar , Avni Gideon
Published: April 2022

Long-distance trade routes criss-crossed ancient Africa and Eurasia. Archaeological research has focused on the commodities in transit and the excavation of major centres located along these routes, with less attention paid to smaller caravanserai and evidence such as rubbish middens. The ‘Incense Route’ linked the Arabian Peninsula and Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, with activity peaking during the Nabataean and Roman periods. The authors present the results of test-pit excavations of middens at three small Nabataean–Roman desert caravanserai along the ‘Incense Route’. The assemblages recovered include material culture attesting to wide, inter-regional connections, combined with archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data illuminating the subsistence basis of the caravan trade.
Hypertrophic Effects of Single- Versus Multi-Joint Exercise of the Limb Muscles: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rosa Avery , Vazquez Gregory , Grgic Jozo , Balachandran Anoop T. , Orazem John , Schoenfeld Brad J.
Published: April 2022

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effects of single-joint (SJ) and multijoint (MJ) resistance exercises on muscle hypertrophy of the limb muscles. A systematic search was performed to identify randomized trials that directly compared hypertrophic changes between SJ and MJ resistance exercises, as well as combinations of the 2, in healthy adults. A total of 7 studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 10 nested comparisons. Meta-analysis indicated a trivial standardized point estimate with a relatively moderate precision for the confidence interval estimate. Subgroup analyses showed no effect on results when stratifying studies according to combined SJ + MJ versus MJ training alone, as well as under volume-equated or nonequated conditions. However, scrutiny of individual studies in conjunction with related indirect evidence collectively indicate that SJ exercise may provide the ability to preferentially hypertrophy muscular subdivisions, potentially promoting more complete muscle development. We conclude that current evidence indicates similar whole muscle hypertrophy between MJ and SJ training. There may be added benefit to combining SJ and MJ exercises for targeting individual aspects of a given muscle, although this hypothesis remains understudied. Future studies are needed to explore the effects of SJ and MJ exercises in resistance training on regional muscle hypertrophy.
The University Library as Bellwether: Examining the Public Role of Higher Education through Listening to the Library
Authors: Quinn Katherine
Published: April 2022

This article engages the university library with live debates concerning the transformation of higher education. Focused within the British context, the article draws together previously distinct literatures from sociology, studies in higher education, and library and information studies to argue that the library represents an untapped lens through which to understand the university, its interface with civil society, and efforts to retain and reenergise its civic role. Beyond being solely diagnostic, the library is introduced as a bellwether—an institution that can also incubate trends towards privatisation and against publicness in higher education. Through exploration of an unusual joint-use public-academic library in Britain which combines academic and public collections, staff, and communities, the article’s analysis highlights both the opportunities that this “disruptive” shared space provides and the challenges posed by such an arrangement. Examples explored include the encroachment of private academic institutions in public spaces, the increasing asymmetry of fortunes between public and academic bodies, and the consequences of new library management technologies on the temporality and integrity of the library, and by consequence, the university.
Pros and Cons of Digital Solutions for the Implementation of Freedom of Movement and Residence in the Schengen Area in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hryniewicka-Filipkowska Wioleta
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV–2 coronavirus, which emerged in Europe in January 2020, gave rise to restrictions by European Union Member States on freedom of movement and residence in the Schengen area. Individual actions by states mobilized the EU to take formal steps as well as to implement practical solutions to coordinate the efforts of all Member States. Digital solutions belong to the practical measures. Their implementation may bring potential benefits but is also associated with the possibility of potential risks. This article presents the basic assumptions of freedom of movement and residence in the Schengen area and their limitations by Member States justified by public health reasons. The characteristics of digital solutions for facilitating freedom of movement during the COVID-19 pandemic are then presented, taking into account their effectiveness. The paper concludes with a presentation of the benefits and potential risks associated with the implementation of selected digital solutions by the European Union.
Remote Trial and Remote Detention Hearing in Light of the ECHR Standard of the Rights of the Accused
Authors: Kulesza Cezary
Published: April 2022

This article concerns the compliance of the institutions of remote trials and remote detention hearings introduced to the CCP by the Polish ‘coronavirus act’ of 19 June 2020 with the ECHR standard on the rights of the accused. In the first part of the article, it is indicated that the ECtHR in its jurisprudence accepts that a trial in the form of a videoconference is not in principle contrary to the ECHR, provided, however, that there are compelling reasons to dispense with the traditional trial (main or appellate) and that the procedure of using a videoconference itself meets the requirements of a fair trial according to Article 6 ECHR and ensures the accused both effective personal participation in the trial and effective use of the services of a defence counsel, in particular the confidentiality of the lawyer’s contact with their client. The Covid-19 outbreak has changed European justice systems, and now videoconferencing in court proceedings is seen not only as an exceptional measure, but as possibly an effective part of the ordinary activity of courts. The analysis of the assumptions of remote trials in ordinary Polish criminal proceedings shows that this institution does not meet the standards of a fair trial, especially the standard of the effective participation of the defence counsel. In contrast, compared to a remote trial, a remote detention hearing in Poland has a wider scope of application and poses serious risks to the standards on deprivation of liberty (Article 5(3) and Article 3 ECHR) and effective defence (Article 6(3) ECHR). The possibility of using both forms of videoconferencing without the participation of a defence counsel and the permanent nature of the changes introduced are particularly worrying.
EFFICIENCY OF RHYTHMIC COLD EXPOSURES ON THE ACTIVITY OF PROTEINASES AND THEIR INHIBITORS IN RATS WITH ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT HYPERTENSION
Authors:   GD L.T. “Malaya National Institute of Therapy of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine,» Kharkiv, Ukraine, Samokhina L.M. , Lomako V.V. ,   nstitute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: April 2022

The aim of the work is to study the efficiency of rhythmic cold exposures (RCEs; 5 ± 1°C, frequency 0.1 Hz, 65 min) on the activities of proteinases, nontrypsin-like proteinases (NTLP), tripsininhibitory activity (TIA) α-1-proteinase inhibitor (α-1-PI) and α-2-macroglobulin (α-2-MG) in blood serum, tissues of the brain and internal organs in male rats with alcohol-dependent hypertension (ADH) by highly sensitive (10-9 – 10-10 g) enzymatic methods. ADH was modelled by chronic (for 10 months) alcoholization of rats by the «two-bottle» method. It was noted that ADH decreases the proteinases activity in tissues, maximally in the lungs, kidneys and heart (by 6, 7 and 10 times, respectively). RCEs promotes the proteinases activation, it is most pronounced in blood serum, kidneys and liver (20, 8 and 5 times, respectively), in intact rats – in the lungs (5 times). ADH decrease the NTLP activity in the liver by 10 times and less in the kidneys, which may be due to a violation of protein biosynthesis, and in the blood serum and brain tissues it increases, in the cerebral cortex by 10 times. RCEs promotes the NTLP activation, at ADH by 2-4 times, in the intact rats by 10 or more times. The ADH decreased the α-2-MG activity, it is most pronounced in the hypothalamus, lungs, kidneys by 100 times and less in the heart. RCEs promotes the α-2-MG activation: at ADH below the control level, in the intact rats – in the brain tissues and kidneys, which may be due to the participation of syn- and catatoxical adaptive mechanisms. The α-1-PI activity decreases at ADH and the background of RCEs, which is associated with a shift in the balance in the proteinase-proteinase inhibitor system. Thus, RCEs lead to reverse changes caused by ADH in rats, promote activation of proteinases, NTLP, α-2-MG, which is associated with the functioning of regulatory systems of the body, the development of hormesis, the formation of high resistance to external and internal stressors, expanding adaptive capabilities. At the same time, low TIA α-1-IP promotes activation of proteinases, NTLP.
Hemocoagulation factors of hemorrhagic complications in acute pancreatitis
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukrainе, Kolosovych I.V. , Hanol I.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukrainе
Published: April 2022

A feature of the severe condition of acute pancreatitis is the high risk of complications occurring in 50% of patients. The most dangerous are thrombohemorrhagic complications and arrosive bleeding, with late diagnosis of which mortality can reach more than 85%. The aim of the study was to determine early diagnostic criteria for the onset and development of bleeding in acute pancreatitis. The results of treatment of 82 patients with severe acute pancreatitis were analyzed. The patients were divided into the main group (with bleeding) (30 people) and the comparison group (without bleeding) (52 people). The parameters of hemocoagulation, α-amylase activity in peritoneal exudate and intra-abdominal pressure were assessed. The tPA activity and the level of TAT in the main group were of normative value and are vital for the group of individuals who are in the range of norms, as well as candidates for early markers for the diagnosis of bleeding. From the ROC analysis, the analysis determined the informativeness of the proposed indicators in the predicted bleeding. For tPA activity, the area under the ROC-curve (AUROC) became 0.942 (95% CI 0.889-0.995), the point of change is 4,5 IU/ml, for the TAT area under the ROC-curve (AUROC) it became 0.945 (95% DI 0.871-0.998), the change point is 11.5 ng/ml. We conclude that in patients with severe acute pancreatitis, a tPA activity level ≥4.5 IU/ml (sensitivity 90.2%, specificity 83.3%) and/or a TAT level ≥ 11.5 ng/ml (sensitivity 92.2%, specificity 83.3%) can be considered as a possible predictor of bleeding.
EFFECT OF TRIFLUOROPERAZINE AND SODIUM DECYL SULFATE ON POSTHYPERTENSIVE SHOCK OF HUMAN AND RABBIT ERYTHROCYTES
Authors:   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv? Ukraine, Yershova N.A. , Chabanenko O.O. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv? Ukraine, Shpakova N.М. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv? Ukraine, Nipot O.Е. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv? Ukraine, Orlova N.V. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv? Ukraine
Published: April 2022

The effects of trifluoroperazine and sodium decyl sulfate on posthypertonic shock of human and rabbit erythrocytes were studied. For this purpose, the level of hemolysis in posthypertonic shock and the percentage of potassium ions released from erythrocytes in dehydration and rehydration solutions in the presence of trifluoroperazine and sodium decyl sulfate were determined. It is shown that the protective effect of amphiphilic compounds is manifested at 0°C, but not at 37°C. There is a decrease in the level of hemolysis in a certain concentration range of each of the studied substances. It was found that human erythrocytes are more sensitive to the protective action of the studied amphiphilic compounds and are characterized by a wider range of protective concentrations. This could be explained by the different lipid composition of the erythrocyte membranes of the studied mammals. Measurement of the leak of potassium ions in dehydration and rehydration media in the presence of amphiphilic compounds suggested that the latter do not affect the permeability of the membrane of mammalian erythrocytes for potassium in posthypertonic shock. Based on the obtained results and literature data, it is assumed that the protective effects of trifluoroperazine and sodium decyl sulfate occur independenly of the formation of temporary defects in permeability for potassium ions, but involve an increase in the cell surface area due to the incorporation of amphiphilic molecules. This results to an increase in the critical hemolytic volume of erythrocytes and reduction in the level of damage during change from hypertonic conditions to isotonic ones.
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE EYE AND EYELIDS IN THE CASE OF PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Authors:   Kyiv Medical University, Ukraine, Veselovska N.M. ,   Ophthalmology Clinic of Kyiv City Hospital No. 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pyatiizbyantseva O.G. ,   Ophthalmology Clinic of Kyiv City Hospital No. 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zaporozhchenko I.B. ,   Kyiv Medical University, Ukraine,   Ophthalmology Clinic of Kyiv City Hospital No. 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, Veselovska Z.F. ,   Kyiv Medical University, Ukraine,   Ophthalmology Clinic of Kyiv City Hospital No. 1, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: April 2022

To conduct an analysis of the anterior surface of the eye in patients with the newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma in order to choose treatment with or without preservative. We evaluated the front surface of the eye in 46 patients (92 eyes) diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma: 20 men and 26 women aged from 58 to 80 years. The anterior surface of the eye was examined using an analyzer of the anterior eye. The signs of previously diagnosed dry eye syndrome (DES) with various manifestations of dysfunction of meibomian glands and complaints about dry eyes, foreign body sensation, lacrymation and blurred vision were reported in 39 patients (85%). Based on the examination results, preservative-free topical hypotensive medications were recommended for these 39 patients. In order to preserve visual functions and quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed POAG, it is advisable to conduct a preliminary assessment of the condition of the anterior surface of the eye when prescribing drug therapy in order to rationalize the choice of first-line drugs with or without preservative in accordance with the European recommendations of Diagnosis and Treatment for glaucoma.
COVID-19 INFECTION AND AUTOIMMUNE REACTIONS
Authors:   Institute of Neurosurgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lisyany N.I.
Published: April 2022

The review considers various mechanisms for the development of autoimmune complications after COVID-19 disease. The significance of hyperactivation of the immune system with impaired tolerance is analyzed in detail, the issues of molecular mimicry and antigenic similarity of virus and human epitopes are considered. High expression of some autoimmune antigens and high levels of autoantibodies to a wide range of human antigens have been shown. The cytotoxicity and blocking effect of specific antiviral antibodies on various cells and tissues of the body and the importance of viral antigens as co-stimulatory molecules for the activation of T- and B-lymphocytes are discussed separately. The review hypothesizes “postcovidal humoral autoimmunity” based on an autoimmune response to various antigens and auto antigens that may cause autoimmune diseases of COVID-19 infection.
Manufacturing of spur gears having normal teeth on different pressure angles by module disc milling cutter
Authors: Bodzás Sándor
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is the manufacturing analysis of five spur gear pairs where the initial geometric parameters are the same only the pressure angle is different. Firstly, the gears must be designed and modelled. After that, I analyse the modification of this geometric parameter for the manufacturing parameters of the pinion and the gear in the case of gear cutting by module disc milling cutter. Using this technology the one tooth cutting can repeat from tooth to tooth in the function of the number of teeth. I would like to find correlations between the pressure angle and the manufacturing parameters. For this purpose, I define the initial technological parameters and calculate necessary technological parameters for the manufacturing process in a general way. I also define the manufacturing parameters for the given gear geometries. This analysis is practical and theoretical at the same time since the results and the process can help the manufacturing engineers to develop the gear manufacturing processes and applying my results for similar manufacturing problems.
The effect of field independence on processing instruction on the acquisition of English passive by Iranian EFL learners
Authors: Naami Amir , Sahragard Rahman
Published: April 2022

This work reports on a classroom-based study that investigated the role of field independence in the effectiveness of processing instruction. From a high school in Iran, fifty six learners were recruited and randomly assigned to an experimental and a comparison group. The former was taught through processing instruction while the latter received traditional output-based instruction on English passive. A sentence-level interpretation task was used in a pretest-treatment-posttest design to measure instructional effects. The results illustrated that processing instruction significantly improved learners’ acquisition of the target structure, whereas the traditional instruction was not effective. Furthermore, no interaction was found between the learners’ field independence and their performance in the immediate and delayed posttests. This could be attributed to the unique characteristic of processing instruction and its systematic nature neutralising learners’ differences and consequently creating an optimum learning condition benefitting all the learners.
The relative effects of focus on form versus focus on forms on learning the second conditional in English
Authors: Pouresmaeil Amin , Gholami Javad
Published: April 2022

While previous research has found beneficial effects for form-focused instruction (FFI), there is still contention over the relative effectiveness of different types of FFI. This study investigated the effects of focus on form (FonF) and focus on forms (FonFs), as two FFI options, on developing EFL learners’ explicit and implicit knowledge of the English present unreal conditional. Learning was measured through two testing devices: discrete-point items and oral interviews. The results indicated that while both FonF and FonFs were effective in developing the learners’ explicit and implicit knowledge in both the short and long terms, they differed in the extent to which they fostered these types of knowledge. FonF was found to be more effective in developing the learners’ implicit knowledge, whereas FonFs was more beneficial in fostering their explicit knowledge. Moreover, it was found that time had a role in consolidation of the form in the FonF group.
A novel cascade approach to extract bioactive compounds from officinal herbs
Authors: Ding Yubin , Morozova Ksenia , Scampicchio Matteo , Morini Angelo , Ferrari Massimiliano
Published: April 2022

This research aims to compare a novel cascade extraction method with a conventional solid–liquid extraction method, both assisted by ultrasounds. The cascade extraction method consists of a sequential series of extractions performed with the same hydroalcoholic solvent, which is reused from one herb to the other. In practice, a hydroalcoholic solution is firstly used to extract one botanical herb. The resulting extract is then reused for the extraction of a second herb. The process is repeated as many times as the number of herbs composing the final formulation. The main advantage of this approach is firstly the lower need of solvents compared with the individual extraction procedures, where a fresh solvent is needed on each extraction step. Furthermore, extracts of the two methods (solid liquid vs cascade extraction) were characterized with several antioxidant assays (DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC). The results show that the solid–liquid extraction method achieves similar yields to total phenols and similar TAC in comparison to the extracts obtained by the cascade extraction method. Also, the HPLC analysis of the extracts showed that both methods lead to similar chromatographic profiles either when analyzed by an electrochemical detector (CoulArray) or by a spectrometric diode array detector (DAD). However, our findings support the idea that the cascade extraction method obtains extracts richer of minor peaks, showing a more complex bioactive profile. Such results could be explained considering that the solvent used during the series of cascade extractions was enriched not only by antioxidants but also by plant surfactants, like saponins, which increase the solvent solubility. Overall, this research shows that the cascade extraction method can not only provide officinal herb extracts with similar phenolic yield and antioxidant capacity than conventional solid–liquid extraction but also with a more complex bioactive profile compared to traditional solid–liquid extraction and with a minor consumption of solvents.
Türk Musikisi Keman Eğitimi Üzerine Yazılmış Üç Keman Metodu İncelemesi
Authors: NÜNÜKOĞLU Ali , NAYİR Aynur Elhan
Published: April 2022

Müzik eğitimi, eğitim gören kişiye müziksel davranışlar kazandırma ve bu davranışları giderek geliştirme ortamı sağlayan planlı, programlı ve yöntemli uygulanan bir süreçtir. Müzik eğitiminin en önemli boyutlarından biri çalgı eğitimidir. Çalgı eğitimi müzik eğitimi sürecinde kişiye müziksel davranışlar kazandıran, bu davranışları giderek geliştirme ortamı sağlayan planlı, programlı ve yöntemli uygulanan bir eğitimdir. Nitelikli bir keman eğitiminde öncelikle hedeflerin ve hedefe yönelik uygulamaların belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Müzik eğitimi içinde yer alan çalgı eğitimlerinden birisi de keman eğitimidir. Ülkemizde verilen keman eğitiminin bilimsel temellere dayanarak verilmesi ancak nitelikli keman metotlarıyla sağlanabilir. Türk Musikisinde 19. yy da meşk yöntemi giderek önemini yitirmiştir. Notanın kullanımı, meşk yönteminin sakıncalarından biri olan eser kaybını engellemiş fakat ancak bu yöntemle eşzamanlı olarak aktarılabilcek olan usül bilgisi, makam bilgisi, beste tekniği ve tavır gibi hususların aktarımına zarar vermiştir. Bu gelişmeler dikkate alınarak keman metotlarında Meşk yöntemi ve Meşk usulleri notaya aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Zaman içinde sosyal, ekonomik ve toplumsal değişmeler müzik eğitiminde de karşılığını bulmuştur. Ülkemizde 19. yüzyıla kadar geleneksel öğretim metotlarıyla yapılan çalgı eğitimi, artık yerini bilimsel öğretim yöntemlerine bırakmaya başlamıştır. Keman eğitimi ise hassasiyet gerektiren bir eğitimdir. Çünkü keman çalgısı hemen her toplumun müziğinde kendine yer edinmiş ve benimsendiği toplumlara göre icra farklılıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Ülkemizde hem Avrupa klasik keman eğitimi hem de Türk Musikisi keman eğitimi kabul görmektedir. Kendi öz musikimizde yapılan keman eğitimini daha yüksek mertebelere çıkarmak daha etkin ve doğru icra yapmak amacıyla Aydın ÖZDEN, Mustafa SUNAR ve Abdulkadir TÖRE’nin yazdığı metotlar içerik analizi ve uzman görüşleriyle toplanan veriler doğrultusunda incelenmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak metotların eksik ve güçlü yönleri ortaya konulmuş yeni yazılacak metotlara önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
ANTI-FATIGUE EFFICACY OF CROCIN IN MICE VIA REGULATION OF NRF-2/HO-1 PATHWAY-MEDIATED OXIDATIVE STRESS
Authors: Ming Liu , Xianchu Liu , Sha Li , Huan Peng
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fatigue is a manifestation of sub-health status, which causes serious negative effects in daily life. The antioxidant properties of crocin have been widely investigated in many diseases. However, no correlation between crocin and fatigue was reported. Objective: To verify the anti-fatigue efficacy of crocin in swimming-induced exhaustive time. Materials and Methods: In this study, mice were treated with crocin for 28 days to assess its anti-fatigue efficacy. Exhaustive time, fatigue-relevant biochemical indices, inflammatory cytokines, energy metabolism indicators, oxidation parameters, and the NRF-2/HO-1 pathway were analyzed to explore evidence of crocin in high-intensity exercise. Results: Our research indicated that crocin dramatically extended swimming-induced exhaustive time. In strenuous swimming, crocin clearly eliminated BLA and SUN to maintain internal environment homeostasis, while it markedly improved glycogen concentrations in the muscles and liver to promote energy reserves. Moreover, crocin visibly improved the inflammatory reaction, as represented by reductions in TNF-a and IL-6, promoting endurance capacity. In the muscles, crocin noticeably enhanced SDH and Na+K+-ATP activities to improve energy metabolism in strenuous swimming. Lastly, crocin markedly improved SOD and CAT activities via the NRF-2/HO-1 pathway to defend against oxidative stress-induced fatigue. Conclusions: Crocin provides oxidation resistance and can be developed into anti-fatigue nutriments. Evidence level II; Comparative prospective study.
RESISTED PLYOMETRIC EXERCISES INCREASE MUSCLE STRENGTH IN YOUNG BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Pamuk Omer , Hancı Erdal , Ucar Nehir , Hasanlı Nurlan , Gundogdu Aliye , Ozkaya Y. Gul
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: Training methods that increase muscle strength have an important effect on basketball. Objective: This study was planned to investigate the effect of a 12-week resisted plyometric training program for isokinetic muscle strength in young basketball players. Methods: Thirty-five male athletes who participate in regular basketball training were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the control group (C), the plyometric exercise group (P), and the resisted plyometric exercise group (RP). All the players participated in the standard basketball training program 5 days a week for 12 weeks. While the control group performed only standard basketball training, the P group and the RP group participated in plyometric and resisted plyometric exercise programs, respectively, 3 days a week. Vertical jump height and isokinetic muscle strength at 60, 180 and 300°s-1 were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Results: The plyometric and resisted plyometric training programs did not alter vertical jump performance. However, isokinetic muscle strength increased at all angles in the P and RP groups. Conclusion: Plyometric and resisted plyometric training programs applied for 12 weeks have a positive effect on muscle strength in young basketball players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
EFFECT OF MICT AND HIIT ON CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK AND BODY COMPOSITION IN OBESE BOYS
Authors: Leite Neiva , Pizzi Juliana , Menezes Junior Francisco José de , Tadiotto Maiara Cristina , Jesus Íncare Correa de , Corazza Patricia Ribeiro Paes , Schiavoni Durcelina , Mota Jorge , Radominski Rosana Bento
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased and is associated with the development of several chronic diseases. Moderate-intensity continuous training is recommended as the main exercise method for treating obesity. However, in overweight and obese individuals, high-intensity interval training models have similar or greater fat reduction potential than moderate-intensity continuous training. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic parameters, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese adolescent boys. Methods: Fifty-six obese boys, aged 10-16 years old, were included. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, body composition, oxygen consumption, glucose, insulin, and the lipid profile were assessed. Participants were assigned to moderate-intensity continuous training (n=20), high-intensity interval training (n=20), and control (n=16) groups. The moderate-intensity continuous training sessions consisted of 90 minutes of cycling/walking exercises and the high-intensity interval training sessions consisted of 15 minutes of warm-up, 15-18 minutes of interval exercises, and 15 minutes of cool-down. Both were performed three times a week. A two-way mixed-model factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used. Results: In the high-intensity interval training group, there was an increase in relative and absolute oxygen consumption and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure. However, in the moderate-intensity continuous training group, there were increases in relative oxygen consumption and high-density lipoproteins, as well as reductions in anthropometric measurements, fat mass, and triglycerides. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity continuous training may be a better protocol for the reduction of fat mass, anthropometric measurements, and improvement of the lipid profile, while high-intensity interval training may be more effective in improving blood pressure among obese boys. Both exercises improve cardiorespiratory fitness. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.