bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of composite indicator of Ukraine’s international reserves adequacy
Authors: Makarenko Mykhaylo , Gordieieva Daria
Published: December 2016

This paper develops an indicator for estimating international reserves adequacy in Ukraine taking into account its unique characteristics. The proposed indicator was constructed based on the modification of IMF adequacy metric by changing weighting coefficients of potential balance of payments vulnerabilities based on historical data for Ukraine and by the inclusion of import as an additional component. In comparison to the IMF metric our indicator implies greater international reserves. This is due to the fact that balance of payments of Ukraine is very sensitive to current account shocks such as worsening terms of trade so our indicator except import component has increased weighting coefficient of export earnings. Also, compared to the IMF metrics our indicator provides more weighting coefficients of the other portfolio liabilities and the money supply that represents the sensitivity to financial account shocks. Reduced weighting coefficient of the short-term debt could be explained by the partial refinancing of external debt. This new indicator suggests that the accumulated levels of reserves of Ukraine have been inadequate at 1 April 2015.
Economic miracles: Valuable economic lessons for developing nations
Authors: Maune Alexander
Published: December 2016

This article, a literature review of Israel`s economic miracles, examines the secrets behind the transformation of Israel, a Start-up Nation slightly smaller than New Jersey or Wales born in 1948 with a population of around seven million, to become an Innovation Nation with more companies listed on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) outside the United States of America. The article further examines the unique conditions existing in Israel which are luring technology companies and global investors. On the whole, it was established that Israel has managed to achieve economic development through its innovativeness that has come as a result of many factors some of which are discussed in this article. The author broadens the context of his conclusions by taking into consideration some of the concluding remarks by Israel `s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu`s 2014, Davos World Economic Forum address. This article will go a long way in influencing government policy implementation. This article has therefore business and academic value.
Ethics, codes of conduct, morals and professionalism as a bulwark against corruption and unethical conduct in the public sector: A case of South Africa
Authors: Brauns Melody , Mdlazi David
Published: December 2016

This paper endeavours to critically examine ethics in South Africa especially after the first democratic elections and later developments. Such an analysis will inevitably overspill to the quality of service delivery and participation. As such there is a need for ethics to be re-examined and investigate how this may be used to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the South African government service. Much has been written on ethics and their relevance to the public sector organisations. Indeed they are critical for service delivery for both sectors namely, private and public sectors. This paper will trace the origins and development of ethics and their relationship with other associated terms such as morals, codes of conduct and relate same to the guidelines emanating from the South African Constitution Act (Act 108 of 1996). Once this objective has been achieved the position of ethics to our daily lives from individual and citizenship perspective will be explored. By such investigation it is envisaged to reposition ethics to our working environment as a vehicle that supports and fuels accelerated quality decision-making and service delivery. In that way it will be possible to locate the area of responsibility and accountability in the public sector. One will also examine the power-authority-responsibility triangle relative to ethics, ethical conduct, codes of conduct, and professionalism and indicate how these can be effectively applied to address issues of violation of human right through fundamental deprivation of critical services and products.
Arbitrage potential in the Eurex order book – evidence from the financial crisis in 2008
Authors: Schober Peter , Wagener Martin
Published: December 2016

In this paper we investigate the valuation efficiency of the Eurex market for DAX single stock options. As a measure of arbitrage potential we use an adapted version of Stoll’s put-call parity model. By calculating deviations from the theoretical fair put and call prices before and during the financial crisis in 2008, we find evidence for a decrease in market’s valuation efficiency. Valuation efficiency is even worse for German financial stocks for which short selling was restricted. Although considerable profit opportunities are found, only a small number turn out to be profitable after transaction costs are considered. Our research complements the existing research by investigating American type stock options on a fully electronic exchange in both, volatile and stable markets.
Regular functions with values in a noncommutative algebra using Clifford analysis
Authors: Lim Su , Shon Kwang
Published: December 2016

We construct a noncommutative algebra C(2) that is a subalgebra of the Pauli
matrices of M(2;C), and investigate the properties of solutions with values
in C(2) of the inhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann system of partial differential
equations with coefficients in the associated Pauli matrices. In addition, we
construct a commutative subalgebra C(4) of M(4;C), obtain some properties of
biregular functions with values in C(2) on in C2 x C2, define a J-regular
function of four complex variables with values in C(4), and examine some
properties of J-regular functions of partial differential equations.
Nils Christie: On the periphery but in the centre
Authors: Walkate Sandra
Published: December 2016

Nils Christie?s contribution to criminology and victimology has been
profound. This article traces the roots of contemporary concerns with
critical and cultural victimology to his work. Alongside this his insightful
comments on public criminology also have some resonance with current
victimological pre-occupations. It is evident from this analysis that without
his voice some of the contemporary concerns of critically informed and
engaged victimology would be absent, for which we owe him a huge debt.
Dangerous victimology: My lessons learned from Nils Christie
Authors: Pemberton Antony
Published: December 2016

This article first discusses the key concepts of Nils Christie?s
victimological-oriented work drawn from ?Conflicts as property? (1977) and
?The ideal victim? (1986). Using international criminal justice as an
example, it demonstrates the enduring importance of Christie?s insights to
victimology. Subsequently the paper offers a three-fold critique of
Christie?s work. First, the stereotype of the ideal victim is confronted with
the bodies of literature on the justice motive and the phenomenon of framing.
Second, Christie?s views on the role of the state in ?Conflicts as Property?
are discussed against the backdrop of libertarian and communitarian theories
of political philosophy. Third, the notion that ?crime does not exist? is
rebutted using a victimological perspective.
"Social horror": A critical analysis of ideological and poetic function of the motive of victim in the contemporary Serbian film
Authors: Kronja Ivana
Published: December 2016

This paper analyses achievements of Serbian cinematography after 2000, which
narrative strategies and visual aesthetics are focused on the issues of
violence and victims in the context of social despair, post-communist
transition and ongoing global value crisis. Films made by Mladen Djordjevic
Life and Death of a Porn Gang (2009), Srdjan Spasojevic A Serbian Movie
(2010), and Marko Novakovic Menagerie (2012) integrate these complex
characteristics of disintegration of Serbian community and dysfunctional
state system into their cinematic poetics. These films present examples of
radical film aesthetics, which, through strategies of making things unusual,
and the influence of underground, pornography and horror on the realistic
drama, speak about permanently traumatised Serbian society. They directly
connect collective political state and the domain of personal, family,
intimate and sexual, controversially relying on the images and narratives of
gender misogyny and the violence it produces and its victims. The paper
critically approaches these issues from the gender- feminist perspective.
Would you Snap up the Deal?: A Study of Consumer Behaviour under Flash Sales
Authors: Shi Savannah Wei , Chen Ming
Published: December 2016

Flash sales refer to an emerging e-commerce practice in which a firm offers one or more products/service at a substantial discount within limited time. Macro-economic environment (residential areas), demographic (age, income and occupation) and ad media decision may collectively affect purchase behaviour on flash-sale websites. This study investigates the unique characteristics of consumer behaviour under flash sales in developing countries, based on large-scale survey data from a major flash-sale website in China. We find that purchase behaviour differs substantially across regions and, within each region, purchase propensity is moderated by income. Regional marketing strategy is therefore of great importance. Contrary to our expectations, flash-sale websites are less likely to attract impulse purchase. Rather, consumers who make more purchases exhibit higher levels of cautiousness. TV commercials and social media are currently the major ad media, yet shopping engines and search engines should not be overlooked.
Investigating Market Research Ethics
Authors: Yallop Anca C. , Mowatt Simon
Published: December 2016

In academic and practitioner literature, codes of ethics are generally understood to act as a mechanism guiding and ensuring ethical behaviour. However, this premise has not yet been thoroughly explored. Using a qualitative research approach this study examines the tools used in ethical decision-making by New Zealand marketing research practitioners, with a focus on client relationships. Participants reported on their awareness, familiarity, and use of professional and organisational codes of ethics. In particular, information was sought on how ethical issues were dealt with when they arose in their relationships with clients. This empirical research focused on the effects of different variables and emerging constructs, and the interplay between them, on ethical decision-making in client relationships. The paper concludes with a discussion of research contributions, implications for the practice of marketing research, and future research opportunities.
Cultural Embeddedness of Products
Authors: Jakubanecs Alexander , Supphellen Magne
Published: December 2016

This paper develops a measurement of culture on the product category level, called the cultural embeddedness of products (CEP) scale, and progresses the scale in accordance with standard procedures. It defines CEP as the degree to which a product is connected with ethnic/national culture. The centrality of national/ethnic identity and culture, and its meanings for individuals, lead us to propose CEP as predictive of consumer attitudes and intentions. In particular, we posit that CEP plays a role for local products and potential brands, similar to that played by perceived brand globalness for global brands. We validate a two-dimensional CEP scale in two cultures – American and Norwegian – and find that the scale exhibits good psychometric qualities in both. We also present the particularly consistent effects of the ethnic identity relevance dimension of CEP on attitudes and purchase intentions through perceived product quality. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for marketing research theory and practice.
How to Mix Brand Placements in Television Programmes to Maximise Effectiveness
Authors: Dens Nathalie , De Pelsmacker Patrick , Goos Peter , Aleksandrovs Leonids
Published: December 2016

This research, based on 20 brand placement campaigns for 17 brands in 11 Belgian entertainment shows, uses the mixture modelling technique to identify the optimal mix of brand placement types in a programme. It determines the ideal proportions of prop placements (branded products that are put on display during the programme, without active interaction between the product and a person), interactive placements (placements that entail interaction between a branded product and a person), and look-and-feel placements (branding elements that are visually incorporated in the scenery of the programme) to maximise brand attitude and brand recall. Controlling for programme connectedness, brand attitude is maximised when all brand placements in a programme are interactive. The optimal mix for brand recall is more diverse, and changes for consumers with different viewing frequencies. For light viewers, 39% interactive and 61% prop placements should be used. For consumers with high viewing frequency, a relatively larger proportion should be allocated to interactive placements (44%).
A Comparison of Self-organising Maps and Principal Components Analysis
Authors: Das Gopal , Chattopadhyay Manojit , Gupta Sumeet
Published: December 2016

This paper attempts to compare self-organising maps (SOM) and principal components analysis (CPA) by applying them to the marketing construct ‘retail store personality’. Data were collected for the retail store personality construct via a validated scale from previous studies that had used the mall intercept technique. A total of 367 people responded, of whom 353 were found to be valid for data analysis. Data were analysed using CPA and SOM; both methods gave comparable clustering results, although the results for SOM were quite conclusive. In addition, we found that SOM complemented PCA by providing visual clustering results far superior to those of PCA. SOM can be used to further analyse PCA data using visual clustering features; both could be used in tandem. Although SOM have been used in a number of studies in marketing, this is the first paper to compare PCA and SOM on terms of application to the marketing construct ‘retail store personality’.
Young Syrian Consumer Styles
Authors: Ramadan Reem
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to explore the decision-making styles of Syrian young adults, and to examine the cross-cultural applicability of the Consumer Style Inventory (CSI) to an Arab population. Its aim is to advance understanding of contemporary consumer behaviour in the Arab world. Participants in the study described were undergraduate students at Damascus University and the results confirmed a six-factor consumer decision-making style. Social motivation was found to be an important factor for consumption. Syrians were more likely to relate to a brand or product to the extent where a cognitive match existed between an individual's self-concept and a positive value-expressive attribute. In addition, brand names formed cognitive reflections of product quality rather than formal assessments of quality in products. The results of this study could help in generalising theories developed in western societies to Arab populations, as well as in the better understanding of Arab consumer decision-making styles. Practical implications for practitioners and international marketers are also proposed.
Exploring the past Behaviour of New Brand Buyers
Authors: Tanusondjaja Arry , Trinh Giang , Romaniuk Jenni
Published: December 2016

This research examines the retrospective buying behaviour of customers acquired by a new brand, both at category and brand level. New brand launches are risky endeavours for marketers, as many fail to attract a sustainable customer base. We examine new brand launches in six packaged goods categories in the UK, across a wide range of brand and category conditions, including premium brands and private labels. The results show that, in the pre-launch period, buyers of a new brand are more likely to have been heavier (more frequent) category buyers and, where applicable, heavier buyers of a parent brand. However, despite disproportionately drawing from heavy category buyers, the buyers of new launches tend to become only light brand buyers. This suggests that new brands are more likely to ‘slip’ into the repertoire of heavy category or parent brand buyers. This research contributes to our understanding of repertoire formation in packaged goods categories. It also has implications for the pre-testing of new launches and the scheduling of marketing activities.
Boy Scouts and the British World: Autonomy within an Imperial Institution, 1908–1936
Authors: Johnston Scott
Published: December 2016

This article argues that the Boy Scout movement, despite its British provenance, was not a monolithic pillar of imperial sentiment during the interwar years. In fact, the Boy Scout movement in Canada acted less like an imperial imposition than it did as an outlet for Canadian autonomy. Using three moments of transatlantic contention within the organization as case studies, this article demonstrates the existence and shape of competing understandings of Britishness, especially those held by the movement's founder, Robert Baden-Powell, and Canadian administrator James Robertson. For Baden-Powell, Britishness leant itself to conformity; for Robertson, it justified independent action. These varying notions of Britishness never undermined the axiomatic belief in the benefit of the British World system, but did compete for prominence within that system. Robertson's Canadian Boy Scout administration resisted centralization by Baden-Powell's Imperial Headquarters, emphasizing the autonomy of the dominion in place of a central authority.
Two Expatriate English Instructors in China: Their Experiences, and Perspectives of Local Students and Teachers
Authors: Shi Ling
Published: December 2016

This study explores how two expat English writing instructors in Chinese universities teach and reflect on their role, as well as how their students, colleagues, and administrators perceive the role and teaching of the two expats. Findings illustrate that both expats worked hard to teach the English academic writing style they were familiar with. One (Allan) did so by adopting a “Chinese style” of lecturing and the other (Barbra) did so by focusing on process-oriented writing activities. Students, however, complained about a lack of interaction in Allan’s classes and a planned curriculum in Barbra’s classes. The Chinese professors believed that the expat teachers, without knowing students’ needs for a combination of systematic knowledge learning and interactive classroom teaching, are disadvantaged over the local Chinese teachers. The study, by illustrating how the local and expat participants are “otherized,” suggests that the two parties should exchange views to discuss better practice and to avoid stereotyping.
Pegida as a European Far-Right Populist Movement
Authors: Druxes Helga , Simpson Patricia Anne
Published: December 2016

Historian Geoff Eley argues that the idea of Europe has contracted from the ideal of a pluralistic community with the potential to integrate cultural “Others” to a “narrowly understood market-defined geopolitical drive for the purposes of competitive globalization.” Global deregulation, he states, has produced streams of labor migrants and the tightening of Europe’s external borders, while the economic expansion of Europe to more member countries since 1992 has opened up new divisions and inequalities among them. Aftereffects from the break-up of the East bloc can be felt in the escalation of antiminority violence in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as “the smouldering slow burn of the legacies of colonialism” in Western Europe. These diverse pressures and anxieties coalesce on the spectral figure of the Islamic fundamentalist at Europe’s gates.
“Racism Is Not An Opinion”: Muslim Responses to Pegida and Islamophobia in Germany
Authors: Machtans Karolin
Published: December 2016

Islamic organizations in Germany find themselves in a dilemma. On the one hand, they feel the need to take a public stance on the acts of violence committed by Muslim terrorists worldwide. On the other hand, they also feel the need to speak up against the growing Islamophobia in Germany, propagated by movements such as Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamization of the Occident (Pegida). As Islamic organizations in Germany band together, they appear to the German public as a homogeneous group unified by religious and ethnic affiliation, not recognized in their diversity. Hence, the external pressure exerted by German populists and sensationalist media that foment Islamophobia creates the risk of inadvertently reinforcing what one seeks to combat: namely, the stereotype of a monolithic and static entity that Muslims in Germany do not in fact represent. Moreover, the perceived need to speak with one voice might silence necessary debates among the different Islamic associations in Germany.
Past and Future Spatial Growth Dynamics of Chihuahua City, Mexico: Pressures for Land Use
Authors: Prieto-Amparán Jesús , Pinedo-Alvarez Alfredo , Villarreal-Guerrero Federico , Pinedo-Alvarez Carmelo , Morales-Nieto Carlos , Manjarrez-Domínguez Carlos
Published: December 2016

In this study, the transitions of land use that occurred in the urban and peripheral areas of Chihuahua City, Mexico, were determined for the period 1989–2014. Landsat TM and OLI scenes, as well as the method of Markov Chains (MC) were used. Grasslands and Shrublands were the land uses that experienced the highest pressures for land use. Grasslands occupied 23.5% of the area in 1989, decreasing to 16.01% in 2014. Likewise, Shrublands were reduced from 54.53% to 48.06%. The areas occupied by Croplands, Oak forest, Water bodies and Riparian vegetation stayed in general constant. In contrast, the urban area increased from 13.6% to 28.6% of the total area studied. In addition, projections of land use for 2019 and 2024 were generated through the method of MC and Cellular Automata (CA). According to the projections, validated with an agreement of 0.90, the Human settlements would continue to expand, occupying 38.57% by 2019 and almost half of the studied territory (47.33%) by 2024. The ecosystems with the highest pressure for land use change will continue to be the Grasslands and Shrublands. By 2024, the former would lose 15.8% while the latter would lose 16.7% of the area. These methods are valuable for urban planning and the results could support growth plans for Chihuahua City, Mexico, with a sustainable approach.
Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Gard : Compléments aux Ptéridophytes
Authors: Aubin Pierre , Boudrie Michel
Published: December 2016

Grace à des prospections approfondies, de nouvelles données sont indiquées et de nouveaux taxons pour le département sont mentionnés.
Etudes sur la Basse Moulouya (Maroc oriental). I. Les Coléoptères carabiques de l'embouchure (Caraboidea)
Authors: Chavanon Guy , Chavanon Louis
Published: December 2016

Nous donnons la liste commentée des 48 espèces de carabiques que nous avons récoltées dans les divers milieux de l'embouchure de la Moulouya (Nord-Est du Maroc), suivie d'une brève analyse.
De la découverte de l'autunite à l'épopée nucléaire
Authors: Chermette Alexis
Published: December 2016

Joseph-François de Champeaux (1775-1845), Ingénieur des Mines chargé d'inventorier les richesses minérales de Saône-et-Loire, découvre l'autunite en 1800 vers St Symphorien de Marmagne. Sa découverte a été le point de départ de l'une des plus grandes révolutions scientifiques et industrielles de tous les temps.
Cyrtoclytus capra Germar en Béarn : de la larve à l'insecte (Coleoptera Cerambycidae)
Authors: Maliverney Pierre
Published: December 2016

La collecte et l'élevage des larves est un excellent moyen pour obtenir de nombreux longicornes. Encore faut-il les déterminer, ce qui est peu aisé pour les Cerambycinae aux caractères spécifiques principaux non sclérifiés. D'où l'intérêt du recours à la biologie : même si de nombreux clytes ont un mode de vie larvaire voisin, il semble que Cyrtoclytus capra recherche du bois plus tendre et plus humide pour son développement.
Identification des mâles de Tenthredo asperrima Lacourt et de Tenthredo ignobilis Klug (Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Lacourt Jean
Published: December 2016

Le mâle de Tenthredo asperrima Lacourt, inconnu et celui de Tenthredo ignobilis Klug, confondu avec celui de T. atra, sont identifiés. Tenthredo nevadensis Lacourt n. stat. est considéré comme bonne espèce et non comme sous-espèce de Tenthredo atra L. Enfin, une clé de détermination des mâles de Tenthredo du groupe atra est établie
Les Apions de France (Coleoptera Curculionidae) : Notes complémentaires et corrigenda
Authors: Ehret Jean-Marie
Published: December 2016

L'auteur complète les tableaux d'identification des Apions de France publiés en 1990. Des formes nouvelles sont séparées, la nomenclature et les répartitions sont précisées.
Inventaire des Hemiptera Heteroptera du département du Lot
Authors: Matocq Armand , Tussac Hubert
Published: December 2016

L'inventaire des Hemiptera Heteroptera du département du Lot (dont on rappelle la physionomie très diversifiée) comprend 346 espèces. Pour chacune sont mentionnés le nombre, la date et le lieu de capture, suivis éventuellement d'un commentaire.
Présence de Phoracantha semipunctata F. dans le sud de la France : une menace pour les eucalyptus (Coleoptera Cerambycidae)
Authors: Berger Pierre
Published: December 2016

Phoracantha semipunctata F. a été trouvé en nombre dans les Alpes-Maritimes, à Vallauris, pendant l'été 1992. Cette espèce, déjà signalée de Corse, fait désormais partie de la faune de la France continentale et menace gravement les plantations d'eucalyptus. Les spécimens récoltés présentent une assez grande variabilité, notamment de taille. Le comportement de l'insecte adulte et les dégâts observés sont décrits.
Interactions between cyclodextrins and cellular components: Towards greener medical applications?
Authors: Leclercq Loïc
Published: December 2016

In the field of host–guest chemistry, some of the most widely used hosts are probably cyclodextrins (CDs). As CDs are able to increase the water solubility of numerous drugs by inclusion into their hydrophobic cavity, they have been widespread used to develop numerous pharmaceutical formulations. Nevertheless, CDs are also able to interact with endogenous substances that originate from an organism, tissue or cell. These interactions can be useful for a vast array of topics including cholesterol manipulation, treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, control of pathogens, etc. In addition, the use of natural CDs offers the great advantage of avoiding or reducing the use of common petroleum-sourced drugs. In this paper, the general features and applications of CDs have been reviewed as well as their interactions with isolated biomolecules leading to the formation of inclusion or exclusion complexes. Finally, some potential medical applications are highlighted throughout several examples.
METERWAVELENGTH SINGLE-PULSE POLARIMETRIC EMISSION SURVEY
Authors: Mitra Dipanjan , Basu Rahul , Maciesiak Krzysztof , Skrzypczak Anna , Melikidze George I. , Szary Andrzej , Krzeszowski Krzysztof
Published: December 2016

We have conducted the Meterwavelength Single-pulse Polarimetric Emission Survey to study the radio emission properties of normal pulsars. A total of 123 pulsars with periods between 0.1 and 8.5 s were observed in the survey at two different frequencies: 105 profiles at 333 MHz, 118 profiles at 618 MHz, and 100 pulsars at both. In this work we concentrate primarily on the time-averaged properties of the pulsar emission. The measured widths of the pulsar profiles in our sample usually exhibit the radius-to-frequency mapping. We validate the existence of lower bounds for the distribution of profile widths with pulsar period (P), which is seen for multiple definitions of the width, namely, a lower boundary line (LBL) at 2.°7P
−0.5 with width measured at 50% level of profile peak, an LBL at 5.°7 P
−0.5 for 10% level of peak, and an LBL at 6.°3P
−0.5 for width defined as 5σ above the baseline level. In addition, we have measured the degree of linear polarization in the average profile of pulsars and confirmed their dependence on pulsar spin-down energy loss (

E

˙

). The single-pulse polarization data show interesting trends, with the polarization position angle (PPA) distribution exhibiting the simple rotating vector model for high-

E

˙

pulsars, while the PPA becomes more complex for medium- and low-

E

˙

pulsars. The single-pulse total intensity data are useful for studying a number of emission properties from pulsars like subpulse drifting, nulling, and mode changing, which are being explored in separate works.
POLARIZED LINE FORMATION IN NON-MONOTONIC VELOCITY FIELDS
Authors: Sampoorna M. , Nagendra K. N.
Published: December 2016

For a correct interpretation of the observed spectro-polarimetric data from astrophysical objects such as the Sun, it is necessary to solve the polarized line transfer problems taking into account a realistic temperature structure, the dynamical state of the atmosphere, a realistic scattering mechanism (namely, the partial frequency redistribution—PRD), and the magnetic fields. In a recent paper, we studied the effects of monotonic vertical velocity fields on linearly polarized line profiles formed in isothermal atmospheres with and without magnetic fields. However, in general the velocity fields that prevail in dynamical atmospheres of astrophysical objects are non-monotonic. Stellar atmospheres with shocks, multi-component supernova atmospheres, and various kinds of wave motions in solar and stellar atmospheres are examples of non-monotonic velocity fields. Here we present studies on the effect of non-relativistic non-monotonic vertical velocity fields on the linearly polarized line profiles formed in semi-empirical atmospheres. We consider a two-level atom model and PRD scattering mechanism. We solve the polarized transfer equation in the comoving frame (CMF) of the fluid using a polarized accelerated lambda iteration method that has been appropriately modified for the problem at hand. We present numerical tests to validate the CMF method and also discuss the accuracy and numerical instabilities associated with it.
THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT: BIASES IN z > 1.46 REDSHIFTS DUE TO QUASAR DIVERSITY
Authors: Denney K. D. , Horne Keith , Brandt W. N. , Grier C. J. , Ho Luis C. , Peterson B. M. , Trump J. R. , Ge J.
Published: December 2016

We use the coadded spectra of 32 epochs of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Reverberation Mapping Project observations of 482 quasars with z > 1.46 to highlight systematic biases in the SDSS- and Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS)-pipeline redshifts due to the natural diversity of quasar properties. We investigate the characteristics of this bias by comparing the BOSS-pipeline redshifts to an estimate from the centroid of He ii
λ1640. He ii has a low equivalent width but is often well-defined in high-S/N spectra, does not suffer from self-absorption, and has a narrow component which, when present (the case for about half of our sources), produces a redshift estimate that, on average, is consistent with that determined from [O ii] to within the He ii and [O ii] centroid measurement uncertainties. The large redshift differences of ∼1000 km s−1, on average, between the BOSS-pipeline and He ii-centroid redshifts, suggest there are significant biases in a portion of BOSS quasar redshift measurements. Adopting the He ii-based redshifts shows that C iv does not exhibit a ubiquitous blueshift for all quasars, given the precision probed by our measurements. Instead, we find a distribution of C iv-centroid blueshifts across our sample, with a dynamic range that (i) is wider than that previously reported for this line, and (ii) spans C iv centroids from those consistent with the systemic redshift to those with significant blueshifts of thousands of kilometers per second. These results have significant implications for measurement and use of high-redshift quasar properties and redshifts, and studies based thereon.
GENERALIZED MULTI-POLYTROPIC RANKINE–HUGONIOT RELATIONS AND THE ENTROPY CONDITION
Authors: Scherer Klaus , Fichtner Horst , Fahr Hans Jörg , Röken Christian , Kleimann Jens
Published: December 2016

The study aims at a derivation of generalized Rankine–Hugoniot relations, especially that for the entropy, for the case of different upstream/downstream polytropic indices and their implications. We discuss the solar/stellar wind interaction with the interstellar medium for different polytropic indices. Moreover, we concentrate on the situation when the polytropic index changes across hydrodynamical shocks. First, we use a numerical monofluid approach with a constant polytropic index in the entire integration region to show the influence of the polytropic index on the thickness of the helio-/astrosheath and on the compression ratio. Second, the Rankine–Hugoniot relations for a polytropic index changing across a shock are derived analytically, particularly including a new form of the entropy condition. In application to the/an helio-/astrosphere, we find that the size of the helio-/astrosheath as a function of the polytropic index decreases in a monofluid model for indices less than

and increases for higher ones and vice versa for the compression ratio. Furthermore, we demonstrate that changing polytropic indices across a shock are physically allowed only for sufficiently high Mach numbers and that in the hypersonic limit the compression ratio depends only on the downstream polytropic index, while the ratios of the temperature and pressure as well as the entropy difference depend on both the upstream and downstream polytropic indices.
ON THE FORMATION OF MOLECULAR CLUMPS IN QSO OUTFLOWS
Authors: Ferrara A. , Scannapieco E.
Published: December 2016

We study the origin of the cold molecular clumps in quasar outflows, recently detected in CO and HCN emission. We first describe the physical properties of such radiation-driven outflows and show that a transition from a momentum- to an energy-driven flow must occur at a radial distance of

. During this transition, the shell of swept-up material fragments due to Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities, but these clumps contain little mass and are likely to be rapidly ablated by the hot gas in which they are immersed. We then explore an alternative scenario in which clumps form from thermal instabilities at

, possibly containing enough dust to catalyze molecule formation. We investigate this process with 3D two-fluid (gas+dust) numerical simulations of a kpc3 patch of the outflow, including atomic and dust cooling, thermal conduction, dust sputtering, and photoionization from the QSO radiation field. In all cases, dust grains are rapidly destroyed in

years; and while some cold clumps form at later times, they are present only as transient features, which disappear as cooling becomes more widespread. In fact, we only find a stable two-phase medium with dense clumps if we artificially enhance the QSO radiation field by a factor of 100. This result, together with the complete destruction of dust grains, renders the interpretation of molecular outflows a very challenging problem.
CONSTRAINT ON THE INFLOW/OUTFLOW RATES IN STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT z ∼ 1.4 FROM MOLECULAR GAS OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Seko Akifumi , Ohta Kouji , Yabe Kiyoto , Hatsukade Bunyo , Akiyama Masayuki , Tamura Naoyuki , Iwamuro Fumihide , Dalton Gavin
Published: December 2016

We constrain the rate of gas inflow into and outflow from a main-sequence star-forming galaxy at

by fitting a simple analytic model for the chemical evolution in a galaxy to the observational data of the stellar mass, metallicity, and molecular gas mass fraction. The molecular gas mass is derived from CO observations with a metallicity-dependent CO-to-H2 conversion factor, and the gas metallicity is derived from the Hα and [N ii]λ 6584 emission line ratio. Using a stacking analysis of CO integrated intensity maps and the emission lines of Hα and [N ii], the relation between stellar mass, metallicity, and gas mass fraction is derived. We constrain the inflow and outflow rates with least-chi-square fitting of a simple analytic chemical evolution model to the observational data. The best-fit inflow and outflow rates are ∼1.7 and ∼0.4 in units of star formation rate (SFR), respectively. The inflow rate is roughly comparable to the sum of the SFR and outflow rate, which supports the equilibrium model for galaxy evolution; i.e., all inflow gas is consumed by star formation and outflow.
ALMA SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY IN THE HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD: THE INFRARED EXCESS OF UV-SELECTED z = 2–10 GALAXIES AS A FUNCTION OF UV-CONTINUUM SLOPE AND STELLAR MASS
Authors: J. Bouwens Rychard , Aravena Manuel , Decarli Roberto , Walter Fabian , da Cunha Elisabete , Labbé Ivo , E. Bauer Franz , Bertoldi Frank , Carilli Chris , Chapman Scott , Daddi Emanuele , Hodge Jacqueline , J. Ivison Rob , Karim Alex , Le Fevre Olivier , Magnelli Benjamin , Ota Kazuaki , Riechers Dominik , R. Smail Ian , van der Werf Paul , Weiss Axel , Cox Pierre , Elbaz David , Gonzalez-Lopez Jorge , Infante Leopoldo , Oesch Pascal , Wagg Jeff , Wilkins Steve
Published: December 2016

We make use of deep 1.2 mm continuum observations (12.7 μJy beam−1 rms) of a 1 arcmin2 region in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field to probe dust-enshrouded star formation from 330 Lyman-break galaxies spanning the redshift range z = 2–10 (to ∼2–3 M
⊙ yr−1 at 1σ over the entire range). Given the depth and area of ASPECS, we would expect to tentatively detect 35 galaxies, extrapolating the Meurer z ∼ 0 IRX–β relation to z ≥ 2 (assuming dust temperature T

d
 ∼ 35 K). However, only six tentative detections are found at z ≳ 2 in ASPECS, with just three at >3σ. Subdividing our z = 2–10 galaxy samples according to stellar mass, UV luminosity, and UV-continuum slope and stacking the results, we find a significant detection only in the most massive (>109.75
M
⊙) subsample, with an infrared excess (IRX = L
IR/L
UV) consistent with previous z ∼ 2 results. However, the infrared excess we measure from our large selection of sub-L
∗ (<109.75
M
⊙) galaxies is

 ± 0.34 (bootstrap and formal uncertainties) and

 ± 0.18 at z = 2–3 and z = 4–10, respectively, lying below even an IRX–β relation for the Small Magellanic Cloud (95% confidence). These results demonstrate the relevance of stellar mass for predicting the IR luminosity of z ≳ 2 galaxies. We find that the evolution of the IRX–stellar mass relationship depends on the evolution of the dust temperature. If the dust temperature increases monotonically with redshift (

) such that T

d
 ∼ 44–50 K at z ≥ 4, current results are suggestive of little evolution in this relationship to z ∼ 6. We use these results to revisit recent estimates of the z ≥ 3 star formation rate density.
THE ALMA SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY IN THE HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD: IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECTRAL LINE INTENSITY MAPPING AT MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS AND CMB SPECTRAL DISTORTIONS
Authors: Carilli C. L. , Chluba J. , Decarli R. , Walter F. , Aravena M. , Wagg J. , Popping G. , Cortes P. , Hodge J. , Weiss A. , Bertoldi F. , Riechers D.
Published: December 2016

We present direct estimates of the mean sky brightness temperature in observing bands around 99 and 242 GHz due to line emission from distant galaxies. These values are calculated from the summed line emission observed in a blind, deep survey for spectral line emission from high redshift galaxies using ALMA (the ALMA spectral deep field observations “ASPECS” survey). In the 99 GHz band, the mean brightness will be dominated by rotational transitions of CO from intermediate and high redshift galaxies. In the 242 GHz band, the emission could be a combination of higher order CO lines, and possibly [C ii] 158 μm line emission from very high redshift galaxies (z ∼ 6–7). The mean line surface brightness is a quantity that is relevant to measurements of spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background, and as a potential tool for studying large-scale structures in the early universe using intensity mapping. While the cosmic volume and the number of detections are admittedly small, this pilot survey provides a direct measure of the mean line surface brightness, independent of conversion factors, excitation, or other galaxy formation model assumptions. The mean surface brightness in the 99 GHZ band is: T

B
 = 0.94 ± 0.09 μK. In the 242 GHz band, the mean brightness is: T

B
 = 0.55 ± 0.033 μK. These should be interpreted as lower limits on the average sky signal, since we only include lines detected individually in the blind survey, while in a low resolution intensity mapping experiment, there will also be the summed contribution from lower luminosity galaxies that cannot be detected individually in the current blind survey.
PHOTOMETRIC AND ASTROMETRIC VAGARIES OF THE ENIGMA STAR KIC 8462852
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. , Goldin Alexey
Published: December 2016

We apply a principal component analysis (PCA)-based pre-whitening method to the entire collection of main Kepler mission long-cadence data for KIC 8462852 spanning four years. This technique removes the correlated variations of instrumental origin in both the detected light curves and astrometry, resolving intrinsic changes in flux and image position of less than 100 ppm and 1 mas, respectively. Beside the major dips in the light curve during mission quarters 8 and 16, when the flux dropped by up to 20%, we confirm multiple smaller dips across the time span of observation with amplitudes ranging from 0.1% to 7%. A variation of flux with a period of 0.88 day and a half-amplitude of approximately 90 ppm is confirmed in the PCA-cleaned data. We find that the phase of the wave is steady over a 15 month interval. We confidently detect a weak variability-induced motion (VIM) effect in the cleaned astrometric trajectories, when the moment-based centroids shift synchronously with the flux dips by up to 0.0008 pixels on the detector. The inconsistent magnitude and direction of VIM effects within the same quarter point at more than one source of photometric variability in the blended image. The 0.88 day periodicity comes from a different source, not from the target star KIC 8462852. We discuss a possible interpretation of the bizarre properties of the source as a swarm of interstellar junk (comets and planetoids) crossing the line of sight to the star and its optical companions at approximately 7 mas yr−1.
THE UNIVERSAL “HEARTBEAT” OSCILLATIONS IN BLACK HOLE SYSTEMS ACROSS THE MASS-SCALE
Authors: Wu Qingwen , Czerny Bozena , Grzedzielski Mikolaj , Janiuk Agnieszka , Gu Wei-Min , Dong Ai-jun , Cao Xiao-Feng , You Bei , Yan Zhen , Sun Mou-Yuan
Published: December 2016

The hyperluminous X-ray source (HLX-1, peak X-ray luminosity

) near the spiral galaxy ESO 243-49, which underwent recurrent outbursts within a period of ∼400 days, is possibly the best candidate for an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). The physical reason for this quasiperiodic variability is still unclear. We explore the possibility of radiation-pressure instability in the accretion disk by modeling the light curve of HLX-1, and find that it can roughly reproduce the duration, period, and amplitude of the recurrent outbursts in HLX-1 with an IMBH of

. Our result provides a possible mechanism to explain the recurrent outbursts in HLX-1. We further find a universal correlation between the outburst duration and the bolometric luminosity for the black hole (BH) sources with a very broad mass range (e.g., X-ray binaries, HLX-1, and active galactic nuclei), which is roughly consistent with the prediction of radiation-pressure instability of the accretion disk. These results imply that “heartbeat” oscillations triggered by radiation-pressure instability may appear in different-scale BH systems.
IDENTIFICATION OF NEODYMIUM IN THE APOGEE H-BAND SPECTRA
Authors: Hasselquist Sten , Shetrone Matthew , Cunha Katia , Smith Verne V. , Holtzman Jon , Lawler J. E. , Prieto Carlos Allende , Beers Timothy C. , Chojnowski Drew , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , García-Hernández D. A. , Hearty Fred R. , Majewski Steven R. , Pereira C. B. , Placco Vinicius M. , Villanova Sandro , Zamora Olga
Published: December 2016

We present the detection of 10 lines of singly ionized neodymium (Nd ii, Z = 60) in H-band spectra using observations from the SDSS-III Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey. These lines were detected in a metal-poor ([Fe/H] ∼ −1.5), neutron-capture element-enhanced star recently discovered in the APOGEE sample. Using an optical high-resolution spectrum, we derive a Nd abundance for this star using Nd ii lines with precise, laboratory-derived gf values. This optical abundance is used to derive log(gf) values for the H-band lines. We use these lines to rederive Nd ii abundances for two more metal-rich, s-process enhanced stars observed by APOGEE and find that these lines yield consistent Nd ii abundances, confirming the Nd enhancement of these stars. We explore the region of parameter space in the APOGEE sample over which these lines can be used to measure Nd ii abundances. We find that Nd abundances can be reliably derived for ∼18% of the red giants observed by APOGEE. This will result in ∼50,000 Milky Way stars with Nd ii abundances following the conclusion of APOGEE-2, allowing for studies of neutron-capture element abundance distributions across the entire Milky Way.
THE EFFECT OF GRAVITATION ON THE POLARIZATION STATE OF A LIGHT RAY
Authors: Ghosh Tanay , Sen A. K.
Published: December 2016

In the present work, detailed calculations have been carried out on the rotation of the polarization vector of an electromagnetic wave due to the presence of a gravitational field of a rotating body. This has been done using the general expression of Maxwell’s equation in curved spacetime. Considering the far-field approximation (i.e., the impact parameter is greater than the Schwarzschild radius and rotation parameter), the amount of rotation of the polarization vector as a function of impact parameter has been obtained for a rotating body (considering Kerr geometry). The present work shows that the rotation of the polarization vector cannot be observed in the case of Schwarzschild geometry. This work also calculates the rotational effect when considering prograde and retrograde orbits for the light ray. Although the present work demonstrates the effect of rotation of the polarization vector, it confirms that there would be no net polarization of an electromagnetic wave due to the curved spacetime geometry in a Kerr field.