bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Transmission‐Reflection‐Integrated Coding Metasurface for Full‐Space Electromagnetic Wavefront Manipulation
Authors: Yin Tao , Ren Jian , Zhang Bing , Li Puchu , Luan Yuchen , Yin Yingzeng
Published: August 2023

Reconfigurable metasurfaces exhibit the capability of flexibly controlling electromagnetic (EM) waves, and the real‐time manipulation of tailored EM wavefront in full‐space is one of the steadily increasing interests. This paper proposes a reconfigurable transmission‐reflection‐integrated (TRI) coding metasurface, combining the functionalities of reconfigurable transmission and reflection metasurfaces. The meta‐particle is composed of a multilayer structure integrated with three positive‐intrinsic‐negative (PIN) diodes. By dynamically controlling the states of these diodes with the direct‐current (DC) bias voltage from a field‐programmable‐gate‐array (FPGA), meta‐particles achieve switching between transmission mode and reflection mode and independently modulate phase response. Metasurfaces can manipulate the reflected and transmitted wavefront by array encoding, allowing for full‐space control of the EM wavefront. Additionally, this paper demonstrates various functions implemented on this metasurface, including mode switching, beam scanning, shaping, focusing, and spatial scattering. As a proof of concept, a metasurface array prototype is fabricated and experimented. The simulation and measurement results agree well, confirming the effective ability of reconfigurable TRI metasurfaces to manipulate EM waves throughout full‐space. The proposed reconfigurable TRI coding metasurface opens the door for flexible wavefront control in the full‐space domain, with broad application prospects in areas such as microwave imaging, EM stealth, and smart radomes.
Perovskite Relaxor‐Dependent Contributions to Piezoelectric Power Generation of Multiple PZT Tape‐Based Cantilever Structures at Nonresonant Frequency
Authors: Kim Byeong Kon , Park Kwan Sik , Key Sung Hun , Cho Yong Soo
Published: August 2023

Piezoelectric energy harvesters based on Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (PZT) ceramics have been extensively studied for various low‐power applications. Herein, unprecedented multiple‐harvester structures with record‐breaking performance are proposed for targeting nonresonant‐frequency or extremely low‐frequency applications. Exceptional combinations of PZT with three different relaxor materials, namely, Pb(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PCN), Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PNN), and Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZN), are systematically investigated in terms of their structural changes and piezoelectricity. Following the optimization of the PCN–PZT, PNN–PZT, and PZN–PZT systems in terms of piezoelectricity and power generation, a few device structures are designed using the advantages of each system. For example, the highest g31 composition of 0.2PCN–0.8PZT is combined with the highest d31 of 0.4PZN–0.6PZT to maximize the power generation in the two‐parallel‐tape structure. Multilayer harvester structures with up to four layers are also evaluated to correlate the enhanced voltage and current with the layer thickness and effective area for surface‐charge polarization. The four‐layer 0.4PZN‐0.6PZT unimorph cantilever demonstrates exceptional energy‐harvesting performance of ≈535.9 µW, corresponding to the record power density of ≈10 mW cm−2 g−2 Hz−1 at 2 Hz. The outstanding outcome is believed to be a benchmark for various nonresonant‐frequency applications.
Highly Ordered Hierarchical Porous Single‐Atom Fe Catalyst with Promoted Mass Transfer for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Jia Chen , Zhao Yong , Song Shuang , Sun Qian , Meyer Quentin , Liu Shiyang , Shen Yansong , Zhao Chuan
Published: August 2023

Electrocatalysts are crucial to drive the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) which lower the energy barrier, tune the intricate reaction pathways and suppress competitive side‐reaction. Beyond the efficient active sites and advantageous local environment, a rapid mass transfer ability is also crucial for the catalyst design. However, it is rare that research has been done to investigate in detail the mass transfer process in CO2RR, and expose the underlying relationship between mass transfer and final performance. Here, a single‐atom Fe‐N‐C catalyst is shown with a highly ordered porous substrate containing hierarchical micropores, mesopores, and macropores. Such a delicate porous structure significantly facilitates the mass transfer process toward the isolated Fe sites, achieving excellent CO2RR performance, especially in the limited mass transfer region in a H‐cell with a maximum CO partial current density of ‐19 mA cm−2. Operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and relevant distributed relaxation times analysis reveal the rapidly decreased mass transfer resistance with the increase of reduction potential. The Lattice Boltzmann method with Discrete Element method (LBM‐DEM) simulations are further performed to exhibit the origin of enhanced CO2RR performance from the facilitated gas diffusion process.
Impact of work schedule characteristics on teacher mental health and burnout symptoms while remote working
Authors: Cavallari Jennifer M. , Garza Jennifer L. , Charamut Natalie R. , Szarka Cheyenne , Perry Spencer D. , Laguerre Rick A. , Sanetti Lisa M. H. , Dugan Alicia G.
Published: August 2023

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, teachers quickly shifted to remote teaching with many teachers experiencing increased work demands with limited resources, affecting both mental health and work.

Methods

Within a cross‐sectional study, we evaluated the relationship between one type of work demand, non‐standard work schedule characteristics, and depressive and burnout symptoms in kindergarten through 8th grade U.S. teachers working remotely in May 2020. We further assessed the impact of COVID‐19 and work resources. Work schedule characteristics were self‐assessed across six domains on a 5‐point frequency scale from always (1) to never (5). We used multilevel Poisson models to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

In fully adjusted models, frequently working unexpectedly was associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (PR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07–1.31, p < 0.01), high emotional exhaustion (PR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05–1.30, p < 0.01), and high depersonalization (PR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.02–1.92, p = 0.03). Remote work resources were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms (PR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79–0.98, p = 0.02). There was a linear association between low coworker support and a low sense of personal accomplishment (PR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.53–0.87, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Frequently having to work unexpectedly while remote teaching was associated with symptoms of depression and burnout during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Workplaces should support predictable working times to lessen the disruption caused by unexpected work to promote worker well‐being.
Prospective associations of psychosocial work factors with sickness absence spells and duration: Results from the French national working conditions survey
Authors: Bertrais Sandrine , Pineau Elodie , Niedhammer Isabelle
Published: August 2023

Background

Some psychosocial work factors are associated with sickness absence, however little information is available on the associations of various psychosocial work factors and multiple exposures with sickness absence spells and duration, and gender differences.

Methods

Data were from the French working conditions survey conducted on a nationally representative sample of the working population. The study sample included 17,437 employees (7292 men, 10,145 women) followed from 2013 to 2016 and/or from 2016 to 2019. Occupational exposures (20 psychosocial work factors, 4 working time/hours factors, 4 physical work exposures) were measured at the beginning of each follow‐up period. Hurdle and multinomial models were used to study the associations with the number of days and spells of sickness absence.

Results

Most of the psychosocial work factors predicted the risk of at least 1 day of sickness absence. Stronger associations were found among women than men for some factors. Psychosocial work factors were more likely to predict the number of spells than the number of days of sickness absence. Some physical work exposures predicted sickness absence spells and days, whereas shift work in women predicted the risk of at least 1 day of sickness absence. Dose–response associations were found between multiple psychosocial work exposures and sickness absence spells, and between multiple physical exposures and sickness absence spells and days.

Conclusion

Comprehensive prevention policies oriented toward the whole psychosocial and physical work environment should be useful to reduce sickness absence among men and women.
Artificial intelligence for diagnostic and prognostic neuroimaging in dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Borchert Robin J. , Azevedo Tiago , Badhwar AmanPreet , Bernal Jose , Betts Matthew , Bruffaerts Rose , Burkhart Michael C. , Dewachter Ilse , Gellersen Helena M. , Low Audrey , Lourida Ilianna , Machado Luiza , Madan Christopher R. , Malpetti Maura , Mejia Jhony , Michopoulou Sofia , Muñoz‐Neira Carlos , Pepys Jack , Peres Marion , Phillips Veronica , Ramanan Siddharth , Tamburin Stefano , Tantiangco Hanz M. , Thakur Lokendra , Tomassini Alessandro , Vipin Ashwati , Tang Eugene , Newby Danielle ,   The Deep Dementia Phenotyping (DEMON) Network, Ranson Janice M. , Llewellyn David J. , Veldsman Michele , Rittman Timothy
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) and neuroimaging offer new opportunities for diagnosis and prognosis of dementia.

Methods

We systematically reviewed studies reporting AI for neuroimaging in diagnosis and/or prognosis of cognitive neurodegenerative diseases.

Results

A total of 255 studies were identified. Most studies relied on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. Algorithmic classifiers were the most commonly used AI method (48%) and discriminative models performed best for differentiating Alzheimer's disease from controls. The accuracy of algorithms varied with the patient cohort, imaging modalities, and stratifiers used. Few studies performed validation in an independent cohort.

Discussion

The literature has several methodological limitations including lack of sufficient algorithm development descriptions and standard definitions. We make recommendations to improve model validation including addressing key clinical questions, providing sufficient description of AI methods and validating findings in independent datasets. Collaborative approaches between experts in AI and medicine will help achieve the promising potential of AI tools in practice.

Highlights

There has been a rapid expansion in the use of machine learning for diagnosis and prognosis in neurodegenerative disease

Most studies (71%) relied on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset with no other individual dataset used more than five times

There has been a recent rise in the use of more complex discriminative models (e.g., neural networks) that performed better than other classifiers for classification of AD vs healthy controls

We make recommendations to address methodological considerations, addressing key clinical questions, and validation

We also make recommendations for the field more broadly to standardize outcome measures, address gaps in the literature, and monitor sources of bias
Association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with dementia‐related and non–dementia‐related mortality among postmenopausal women: A secondary competing risks analysis of the women's health initiative
Authors: Titcomb Tyler J. , Richey Phyllis , Casanova Ramon , Phillips Lawrence S. , Liu Simin , Karanth Shama D. , Saquib Nazmus , Nuño Tomas , Manson JoAnn E. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Liu Longjian , Wahls Terry L. , Snetselaar Linda G. , Wallace Robert B. , Bao Wei
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD‐related dementias (ADRD) are leading causes of death among older adults in the United States. Efforts to understand risk factors for prevention are needed.

METHODS

Participants (n = 146,166) enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative without AD at baseline were included. Diabetes status was ascertained from self‐reported questionnaires and deaths attributed to AD/ADRD from hospital, autopsy, and death records. Competing risk regression models were used to estimate the cause‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the prospective association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with AD/ADRD and non‐AD/ADRD mortality.

RESULTS

There were 29,393 treated T2DM cases and 8628 AD/ADRD deaths during 21.6 (14.0–23.5) median (IQR) years of follow‐up. Fully adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of the association with T2DM were 2.94 (2.76–3.12) for AD/ADRD and 2.65 (2.60–2.71) for the competing risk of non‐AD/ADRD mortality.

DISCUSSION

T2DM is associated with AD/ADRD and non‐AD/ADRD mortality.

Highlights

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD)/AD and related dementias (ADRD) mortality compared to the competing risk of non‐AD/ADRD mortality among postmenopausal women.

This relationship was consistent for AD and ADRD, respectively.

This association is strongest among participants without obesity or hypertension and with younger age at baseline, higher diet quality, higher physical activity, higher alcohol consumption, and older age at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Benzotriazole‐Based 3D Four‐Arm Small Molecules Enable 19.1 % Efficiency for PM6 : Y6‐Based Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Tang Ailing , Wang Helin , Wang Zongtao , Du Mengzhen , Guo Qiang , Guo Qing , Zhou Erjun
Published: August 2023

A third component featuring a planar backbone structure similar to the binary host molecule has been the preferred ingredient for improving the photovoltaic performance of ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, we explored a new avenue that introduces 3D‐structured molecules as guest acceptors. Spirobifluorene (SF) is chosen as the core to combine with three different terminal‐modified (rhodanine, thiazolidinedione, and dicyano‐substituted rhodanine) benzotriazole (BTA) units, affording three four‐arm molecules, SF‐BTA1, SF‐BTA2, and SF‐BTA3, respectively. After adding these three materials to the classical system PM6 : Y6, the resulting ternary devices obtained ultra‐high power‐conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.1 %, 18.7 %, and 18.8 %, respectively, compared with the binary OSCs (PCE=17.4 %). SF‐BTA1‐3 can work as energy donors to increase charge generation via energy transfer. In addition, the charge transfer between PM6 and SF‐BTA1‐3 also acts to enhance charge generation. Introducing SF‐BTA1‐3 could form acceptor alloys to modify the molecular energy level and inhibit the self‐aggregation of Y6, thereby reducing energy loss and balancing charge transport. Our success in 3D multi‐arm materials as the third component shows good universality and brings a new perspective. The further functional development of multi‐arm materials could make OSCs more stable and efficient.
Balancing Interfacial Reactions through Regulating p‐Band Centers by an Indium Tin Oxide Protective Layer for Stable Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Meng Yahan , Wang Mingming , Xu Jingwen , Xu Kui , Zhang Kai , Xie Zehui , Zhu Zhengxin , Wang Weiping , Gao Pengfei , Li Xiangyang , Chen Wei
Published: August 2023

Metallic zinc (Zn) is considered as one of the most attractive anode materials for the post‐lithium metal battery systems owing to the high theoretical capacity, low cost, and intrinsic safety. However, the Zn dendrites and parasitic side reaction impede its application. Herein, we propose a new principle of regulating p‐band center of metal oxide protective coating to balance Zn adsorption energy and migration energy barrier for effective Zn deposition and stripping. Experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that benefiting from the uniform zincophilic nucleation sites and fast Zn transport on indium tin oxide (ITO), highly stable and reversible Zn anode can be achieved. As a result, the I−Zn symmetrical cell achieves highly reversible Zn deposition/stripping with an extremely low overpotential of 9 mV and a superior lifespan over 4000 h. The Cu/I−Zn asymmetrical cell exhibits a long lifetime of over 4000 cycles with high average coulombic efficiency of 99.9 %. Furthermore, the assembled I−Zn/AC full cell exhibits an excellent lifetime for 70000 cycles with nearly 100 % capacity retention. This work provides a general strategy and new insight for the construction of efficient Zn anode protection layer.
Mechanochemical Release of Fluorophores from a “Flex‐activated” Mechanophore
Authors: Yang Fan , Geng Ting , Shen Hang , Kou Yan , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo , Chen Yulan
Published: August 2023

Optical force probes that can release force‐dependent and visualized signals with minimal changes in the polymer main chains under mechanical load are highly sought after but currently limited. In this study, we introduce a flex‐activated mechanophore (FA) based on the Diels–Alder adduct of anthracene and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylatea that exhibits turn‐on mechanofluorescence. We demonstrate that when FA is incorporated into polymer networks or in its crystalline state, it can release fluorescent anthracenes through a retro‐Diels–Alder mechanochemical reaction under compression or hydrostatic high pressure, respectively. The flex‐activated mechanism of FA is successfully confirmed. Furthermore, we systematically modulate the force delivered to the mechanophore by varying the crosslinking density of the networks and the applied macroscopic pressures. This modulation leads to incremental increases in mechanophore activation, successive release of anthracenes, and quantitative enhancement of fluorescence intensity. The exceptional potential of FA as a sensitive force probe in different bulk states is highlighted, benefiting from its unique flex‐activated mode with highly emissive fluorophore releasing. Overall, this report enriches our understanding of the structures and functions of flex‐activated mechanophores and polymeric materials.
Dual Lewis Acid‐Base Sites Regulate Silver‐Copper Bimetallic Oxide Nanowires for Highly Selective Photoreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methane
Authors: Deng Shimao , Wang Ranhao , Feng Xuezhen , Zheng Renji , Gong Shaokuan , Chen Xihan , Shangguan Yangzi , Deng Lili , Tang Huan , Dai Hao , Duan Lele , Liu Chengyuan , Pan Yang , Chen Hong
Published: August 2023

Highly selective photoreduction of CO2 to valuable hydrocarbons is of great importance to achieving a carbon‐neutral society. Precisely manipulating the formation of the Metal1⋅⋅⋅C=O⋅⋅⋅Metal2 (M1⋅⋅⋅C=O⋅⋅⋅M2) intermediate on the photocatalyst interface is the most critical step for regulating selectivity, while still a significant challenge. Herein, inspired by the polar electronic structure feature of CO2 molecule, we propose a strategy whereby the Lewis acid‐base dual sites confined in a bimetallic catalyst surface are conducive to forming a M1⋅⋅⋅C=O⋅⋅⋅M2 intermediate precisely, which can promote selectivity to hydrocarbon formation. Employing the Ag2Cu2O3 nanowires with abundant Cu⋅⋅⋅Ag Lewis acid‐base dual sites on the preferred exposed {110} surface as a model catalyst, 100 % selectivity toward photoreduction of CO2 into CH4 has been achieved. Subsequent surface‐quenching experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations verify that the Cu⋅⋅⋅Ag Lewis acid‐base dual sites do play a vital role in regulating the M1⋅⋅⋅C=O⋅⋅⋅M2 intermediate formation that is considered to be prone to convert CO2 into hydrocarbons. This study reports a highly selective CO2 photocatalyst, which was designed on the basis of a newly proposed theory for precise regulation of reaction intermediates. Our findings will stimulate further research on dual‐site catalyst design for CO2 reduction to hydrocarbons.
Structural variety of Co2+, Ni2+, Pd2+, and Pt4+ complexes of a hydrazone based on Girard's T: Synthesis, spectroscopic, molecular docking simulation on CTX‐M‐14 β‐lactamase, and theoretical (DFT) studies
Authors: Hassan Eman A. , Mostafa Mohsen M. , Smith Stacey J. , Harrison Roger , Youssef Magdy M. , Al‐Assy Waleed H.
Published: August 2023

The reaction of ethyl isothiocyanate with Girard's T affords a new hydrazone named 2‐(2‐N,N,N‐trimethyl‐2‐oxoethane‐1‐auminium chloride [EtGT]). Its structure was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Also, the isolations and characterizations of new metal complexes with EtGT were confirmed by elemental analyses, IR, UV‐visible, magnetic measurements, 13C‐NMR, 1H‐NMR, and thermal analyses. IR spectra suggest that the ligand acts as a bidentate coordinating either via the carbonyl oxygen and the nitrogen atom of the hydrazine group or through the sulfur (C=S and/or C‐S) and the NH groups. The computational estimation of EtGT and its complexes were approved with the Gaussian 09 W program in DFT/B3LYP. DPPH and ABTS are two free radical scavenger tests that were utilized in order to evaluate the antioxidant potential of complexes in vitro. Furthermore, the biological effectiveness of the ligand and its complexes against bacteria varieties Gram (+ve) and Gram (−ve) bacteria was in vitro investigated. Also, antifungal action was investigated utilizing inhibition zone diameter. Moreover, the ligand and its complexes also exhibited a broad spectrum of DNA degradation effects, as measured by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cyclic voltammetry of Co2+ with different concentrations was measured experimentally. Molecular docking is exercised to examine the inhibitor characteristics of complexes through binding propensity with CTX‐M‐14 β‐lactamase (Class A).
Commentary: Visual Cultures, Publication Technologies, and Legitimation in the Life Sciences**
Authors: Nyhart Lynn K.
Published: August 2023

This paper comments on five articles in the special issue “Circulating Images in the Life Sciences.” It sees the papers as unified by two themes. The first is their attention to the processes of legitimation. The second is the embedding of the images in textual cultures, which changed over time from the mid‐nineteenth century to the very recent past, most notably with the recent advent of digital culture.
The efficacy of online jigsaw puzzling for mental well‐being in older adults: A pilot study
Authors: Brandt Karen R. , Rota Milena , Cooper Mick
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The aim of the present research was to test the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial comparing five consecutive days of regular online jigsaw puzzling (JP) against a no‐treatment control group in improving mental well‐being outcomes in older adults.

Methods

Eighteen older adults (65–80 years) were randomly assigned to either the JP (9) or control (9) group and completed a range of mental health and well‐being measures for five consecutive days. We assessed recruitment rates, completion rates and participants' experiences of the intervention.

Results

Recruitment issues meant that 18 of the 32 intended participants took part in the trial. All participants completed the trial. Qualitative analysis indicated that participants experienced the JP intervention as accepted, with indications of enhanced enjoyment and self‐esteem at study completion.

Conclusion

The present pilot study indicates that testing the efficacy of JP is feasible. A full‐scale clinical trial of this intervention should be considered, which can determine the efficacy of the JP intervention.
Thiamine deficiency unrelated to alcohol consumption presented with urinary retention and Wernicke's encephalopathy: A case report
Authors: Uchi Takafumi , Konno Shingo , Kihara Hideo , Sugimoto Hideki
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Thiamine deficiency can present with rare neurological symptoms such as urinary retention, along with common symptoms like ataxia and decreased limb muscle strength. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to improve symptoms and prevent complications.
Two novel gene mutations identified in a child with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis complicated with bronchitis obliterans: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Meiyu , Gao Man , Liu Yuhuan , Wang Kun , Zhou Siyan , Jing Haoran , Yin Guo , Meng Fanzheng
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

We reported a case of a 7‐year‐old boy with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) and detected two novel compound heterozygous mutations of solute carrier family 34 member 2 (SLC34A2), EXON:2–6 duplication and c.1218 (EXON:11) C > A (p. Phe406Leu). His symptoms were nonspecific. Chest computed tomography (CCT) showed bronchiectasis, a mosaic feature, and extensive calcifications in both lungs. In addition, bronchoscopy showed bronchitis obliterans which has rarely been reported as a complication in the literature. This case aimed to explore the mechanism of PAM and emphasize the role of gene analysis in diagnosing rare pediatric diseases. Finally, we undertook a review of the current literature containing SLC34A2 gene mutations to update the gene mutation spectrum of PAM.
Phosphorus‐Doped Porous Carbon Coated Graphite Felt as An Efficient and Reusable Cathode for Electro‐Fenton Degradation of Parabens
Authors: Shen Jia , Zhu Yating , Zhou Fengmei , Wang Luyu , Guo Manli , Cao Yujuan
Published: August 2023

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are currently drawing significant attention due to their environmental impact. Electro‐Fenton, one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), is an efficient and comprehensive technology to degrade all kinds of organic pollutants, but the degradation efficiency relies on cathode material. In this work, phosphorus‐doped porous carbon material coated graphite felt (P‐GF) was prepared by adopting phytic acid as a phosphorus source through high temperature solid‐state method. The microstructure and the elements composition of this fabricated material were investigated by SEM, BET and XPS. With phosphorus doping and plenty of carbon porous structures, the hydrophilicity and infiltrating property of the P‐GF had been greatly improved. The prepared P‐GF material enhanced the electrochemical reduction of O2 and could significantly enhance the yield of H2O2. It was used as a cathode to degrade pollutants under a constant potential, and methylparaben (MePa) was chosen as a research model for optimizing the experimental conditions and analyzing the possible degradation pathway. The P‐GF cathode achieved an excellent ability of degrading nearly 100 % of methylparaben within 3 h. The simultaneous removal ability of the P‐GF to four parabens was impressed. Additionally, the P‐GF material exhibited outstanding reusability.
A 3D Covalent Organic Framework with In‐situ Formed Pd Nanoparticles for Efficient Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Feng Jing‐Dong , Zhang Wen‐Da , Liu Yong , Han Wang‐Kang , Zhu Ruo‐Meng , Gu Zhi‐Guo
Published: August 2023

Non‐platinum noble metals are highly desirable for the development of highly active, stable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts for fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. However, how to improve the utilization of non‐platinum noble metals is an urgent issue. Herein, a highly efficient catalyst for ORR was prepared through homogeneous loading of Pd precursors by a domain‐limited method in a three‐dimensional covalent organic framework (COF) followed by pyrolysis. The morphology of the Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) was well maintained after carbonization, which was attributed to the rigid structure of the 3D COF. Thanks to the uniform distribution of Pd NPs in the carbon, the catalyst exhibited a remarkable half‐wave potential of 0.906 V and a Tafel slope of 70 mV dec−1 in 0.1 M KOH, surpassing the commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.863 V and 75 mV dec−1). Furthermore, a maximum power density of 144.0 mW cm−2 was achieved at 252 mA cm−2, which was significantly higher than the control battery (105.1 mW cm−2). This work not only provides a simple strategy for in‐situ preparation of highly dispersible metal catalysts in COFs, but also offers new insights into the ORR electrocatalysis.
Ganz schön verkalkt
Authors: Tetsch Larissa
Published: August 2023

Viele Lebewesen produzieren Strukturen aus Kalk. Dabei entstehen Protonen, die aus den Zellen ausgeschleust werden müssen, um eine Übersäuerung der Zellen und eine Umkehr der Reaktion zu vermeiden. Die dafür genutzten Protonenkanäle wurden erst vor wenigen Jahren entdeckt.
Lysyl Oxidases as Targets for Cancer Therapy and Diagnostic Imaging
Authors: Löser Reik , Kuchar Manuela , Wodtke Robert , Neuber Christin , Belter Birgit , Kopka Klaus , Santhanam Lakshmi , Pietzsch Jens
Published: August 2023

The understanding of the contribution of the tumour microenvironment to cancer progression and metastasis, in particular the interplay between tumour cells, fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix has grown tremendously over the last years. Lysyl oxidases are increasingly recognised as key players in this context, in addition to their function as drivers of fibrotic diseases. These insights have considerably stimulated drug discovery efforts towards lysyl oxidases as targets over the last decade. This review article summarises the biochemical and structural properties of theses enzymes. Their involvement in tumour progression and metastasis is highlighted from a biochemical point of view, taking into consideration both the extracellular and intracellular action of lysyl oxidases. More recently reported inhibitor compounds are discussed with an emphasis on their discovery, structure‐activity relationships and the results of their biological characterisation. Molecular probes developed for imaging of lysyl oxidase activity are reviewed from the perspective of their detection principles, performance and biomedical applications.
Selective wakeup for parallel forward engines under variable load towards energy conservation in IP routers
Authors: Shahul Hamead Haja Moinudeen , Mirnalinee Thanga Nadar Thangathai , Kavipriya Dhandapani
Published: August 2023

Recent studies have shown that a large amount of energy consumption in the communication medium occurs at the data processing plane. The data plane executes the forwarding decisions in the routers and switches. Through initial studies, the line card was identified as the most granular component of the router and later forward engine, a sub component of line card has been recognized as the most power intensive component of routers. Fundamental techniques like link rate adaption, sleep and wake‐up have been imposed to reduce the energy at line cards and forward engines. On the other hand, router's architectures undergo drastic changes like empowering data plane with parallel processing due to the rise of gigabit routers. In this paper, to increase the degree of local autonomy and better energy savings, we have adopted the parallel processing design and imposed a variable amount of traffic on different line cards. The existing parallel forward engines perform load balancing in synchronous manner. In our design, asynchronous behavior is imposed such that every line card could independently decide to wake up or turn off their forward engine based on the traffic parameters. We have done simulations and witnessed increased energy savings (average sleeping time) without compromising the completion of lookup process.
A two‐stage parallel method on GPU based on hybrid‐compression‐format for diagonal matrix
Authors: Cui Huanyu , Wang Nianbin , Han Qilong , Wang Ye , Li Jiahang
Published: August 2023

SpMV (Sparse matrix‐vector multiplication) is an important computing core in traditional high‐performance computing and also one of the emerging data‐intensive applications. For diagonal sparse matrices, it is frequently necessary to fill in a large number of zeros to maintain the diagonal structure as for using DIA (Diagonal) storage format. The fact that filling with zeros may consume additional computing and memory resources, will certainly lead to degradation of the parallel computing performance of SpMV, further causing computing and storage redundancy. To solve the deficiencies of the DIA format, a Two‐stage parallel SpMV method is presented in this paper, which can reasonably distribute the data of diagonal matrix and irregular matrix to different CUDA kernels. As different corresponding compression methods are particularly designed for different matrix forms, a partition‐based hybrid format of DIA and CSR (HPDC) is therefore adopted in the two‐stage method to ensure load balancing among computing resources and continuity of data access on the diagonal. Simultaneously, a standard deviation among blocks is used as a criterion to obtain the optimal number of blocks and distribution of data. The experimental data were implemented in the Florida data set. Compared to DIA, cuSPARSE‐CSR, HDC, and BRCSD, the execution time of the Two‐stage method is shortened by 4, 3.4, 1.9, and 1.15, respectively.
Personality disorder traits, maladaptive schemas, modes and coping styles in participants with complex dissociative disorders, borderline personality disorder and avoidant personality disorder
Authors: van der Linde Robin P. A. , Huntjens Rafaële J. C. , Bachrach Nathan , Rijkeboer Marleen M.
Published: August 2023

Objective

The schema mode model offers a new conceptualisation of complex dissociative disorders (CDD) as it explains shifts between identities as shifts between schema modes. Furthermore, in this model CDD is conceived as personality pathology, incorporating core features of personality disorders. This study tested the assumptions of this schema mode model of CDD.

Method

Questionnaires measuring personality disorder traits, schemas, schema modes and coping styles were filled out by patients with CDD, borderline personality disorder and avoidant personality disorder (N = 210), and their scores on the various constructs were compared.

Results

Participants with CDD were characterised by specific schizoid, schizotypal, borderline and avoidant personality traits and early maladaptive schemas in the domains of disconnection and rejection and over‐vigilance and inhibition. The most pronounced schema modes were the dysfunctional parent modes, avoidant coping modes and the vulnerable child mode. For coping styles, no differences were found between the diagnostic groups.

Conclusion and discussion

On all outcome measures participants with CDD scored at the level of personality disorders and showed a unique pattern different from participants with borderline and avoidant personality disorder. This suggests that CDD shows features akin to a personality disorder. A clinical implication is that an adapted form of schema therapy might present a viable treatment option for CDD.
TRPA1 Antagonist LY3526318 Inhibits the Cinnamaldehyde‐Evoked Dermal Blood Flow Increase: Translational Proof of Pharmacology
Authors: Bamps Dorien , Blockeel Anthony James , Dreesen Erwin , Marynissen Heleen , Laenen Jolien , Van Hecken Anne , Wilke August , Shahabi Shahram , Johnson Kirk W. , Collins Emily Catherine , Broad Lisa M. , Phillips Keith G. , de Hoon Jan
Published: August 2023

Transient receptor potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel expressed by sensory neurons, where it mediates pain signaling. Consequently, it has emerged as a promising target for novel analgesics, yet, to date, no TRPA1 antagonists have been approved for clinical use. In the present translational study, we utilized dermal blood flow changes evoked by TRPA1 agonist cinnamaldehyde as a target engagement biomarker to investigate the in vivo pharmacology of LY3526318, a novel TRPA1 antagonist. In rats, LY3526318 (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) dose‐dependently reduced the cutaneous vasodilation typically observed following topical application of 10% v/v cinnamaldehyde. The inhibition was significant at the site of cinnamaldehyde application and also when including an adjacent area of skin. Similarly, in a cohort of 16 healthy human volunteers, LY3526318 administration (10, 30, and 100 mg, p.o.) dose‐dependently reduced the elevated blood flow surrounding the site of 10% v/v cinnamaldehyde application, with a trend toward inhibition at the site of application. Comparisons between both species reveal that the effects of LY3526318 on the cinnamaldehyde‐induced dermal blood flow are greater in rats relative to humans, even when adjusting for cross‐species differences in potency of the compound at TRPA1. Exposure‐response relationships suggest that a greater magnitude response may be observed in humans if higher antagonist concentrations could be achieved. Taken together, these results demonstrate that cinnamaldehyde‐evoked changes in dermal blood flow can be utilized as a target engagement biomarker for TRPA1 activity and that LY3526318 antagonizes the ion channel both in rats and humans.
Implementing a constructive struggle approach: Insights from a training program for security forces prior to executing a government evacuation policy in the context of a protracted conflict
Authors: Gilad Ziv , Raz‐Rotem Michal , Harpaz Amikam , Omer Haim
Published: August 2023

This article describes the contribution and insights of adopting practices that support a strategy of non‐violent resistance, and a constructive conflict approach (constructive struggle) that endeavors to minimize physical and psychological harm, and prevent escalation that leads to destructive conflict. It describes the exposure of security forces to such practices in the context of the protracted Israeli‐Palestinian conflict. The article demonstrates how interactions attended by high tensions and resistance can be conducted constructively, in contrast with similar situations in the past, when use of force and authority was considered legitimate, even though it frequently resulted in worsened relations between the sides to the conflict. Specifically, the article focuses on the case of a training program that was created for the evacuating forces prior to implementation of the Disengagement Plan. It also describes insights on the complex interactions between the sides (security forces versus settlers), with emphasis on the tools that helped them successfully execute their task, and prevent escalation of the conflict.
Leveraging AI‐enabled 6G‐driven IoT for sustainable smart cities
Authors: Gera Bhavya , Raghuvanshi Yuvraj Singh , Rawlley Oshin , Gupta Shashank , Dua Amit , Sharma Parjanay
Published: August 2023

Many scholastic researches have begun around the globe about the competitive technological interventions like 5G communication networks and its challenges. The incipient technology of 6G networks has emerged to facilitate ultrareliable and low‐latency applications for sustainable smart cities which are infeasible with the existing 4G/5G standards. Therefore, the advanced technologies like machine learning (ML), block chain, and Internet of Things (IoT) utilizing 6G network are leveraged to develop cost‐efficient mechanisms to address the issues of excess communication overhead in the present state of the art. Initially, the authors discussed the key vision of 6G communication technologies, its core technologies (such as visible light communication [VLC] and THz), and the existing issues with the existing network generations (such as 5G and 4G). A detailed analysis of benefits, challenges, and applications of blockchain‐enabled IoT devices with application verticals like Smart city, smart factory plus, automation, and XR that form the key highlights for 6G wireless communication network is also presented. In addition, the key applications and latest research of artificial intelligence (AI) in 6G are discussed facilitating the dynamic spectrum allocation mechanism and mobile edge computing. Lastly, an in‐depth study of the existing open issues and challenges in green 6G communication network technology, as well as review of solutions and potential research recommendations are also presented.
Recent developments in targets for ischemic foot disease
Authors: Golledge Jonathan , Thanigaimani Shivshankar , Barratt Kristen S. , Fadini Gian Paolo
Published: August 2023

Diabetes is a key risk factor for ischaemic foot disease, which causes pain, tissue loss, hospital admission, and major amputation. Currently, treatment focuses on revascularisation, but many patients are unsuitable for surgery and revascularisation is frequently unsuccessful. The authors describe recent research in animal models and clinical trials investigating novel medical targets for ischaemia, including theories about impaired wound healing, animal models for limb ischaemia and recent randomised controlled trials testing novel medical therapies. Novel targets identified in animal models included stimulating mobilisation of CD34+ progenitor cells through upregulating oncostatin M or microRNA‐181, downregulating tumour necrosis factor superfamily member 14, or activating the Wingless pathway. Within the ischaemic limb vasculature, upregulation of apolipoprotein L domain containing 1, microRNA‐130b or long noncoding RNA that enhances endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression promoted limb blood supply recovery, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis. Similarly, administration of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators riociguat or praliciguat or 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA thiolase inhibitor trimetazidine promoted blood flow recovery. Translating pre‐clinical findings to patients has been challenging, mainly due to limitations in clinically translatable animal models of human disease. Promising results have been reported for administering plasmids encoding hepatocyte growth factor or intra‐arterial injection of bone marrow derived cells in small clinical trials. It remains to be seen whether these high resource therapies can be developed to be widely applicable. In conclusion, an ever‐expanding list of potential targets for medical revascularisation is being identified. It is hoped that through ongoing research and further larger clinical trials, these will translate into new broadly applicable therapies to improve outcomes.
Report of the ILAE SUDEP Task Force on national recommendations and practices around the world regarding the use of wearable seizure detection devices: A global survey
Authors: Zelano Johan , Beniczky Sandor , Ryvlin Philippe , Surges Rainer , Tomson Torbjörn ,   the ILAE SUDEP Task Force
Published: August 2023

Wearable seizure detection devices have the potential to address unmet needs of people with epilepsy. A recently published evidence‐based international guideline recommends using such devices for safety indications in patients with tonic–clonic seizures (TCS). Our objective was to map existing guidelines and clinical practices at national level. We conducted a survey of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) chapters regarding national recommendations and practical circumstances for prescribing seizure detection devices, and another survey of physicians in the ILAE constituency anywhere in the world, concerning their views and practices regarding recommendations for and prescription of such devices. Fifty‐eight ILAE chapters (response rate 48%) and 157 physicians completed the surveys. More than two‐thirds of responding countries do not have standards on wearables for seizure detection, although they indicated availability of such devices. The most often recognized indications were safety and objective seizure quantification. In nearly half of countries, devices are purchased by patients or caregivers, and either lack a uniform reimbursement scheme (41%) or patients pay the full cost for the device (48%). Tonic–clonic seizure frequency, nocturnal seizures, and previous injuries were the main factors that influenced the surveyed physicians to recommend wearable seizure detection devices. Our results document the need to implement international clinical practice guidelines at national level and to consider these when deciding upon reimbursement of seizure detection devices.
Social context‐aware macroscopic routing scheme for opportunistic network
Authors: B R Sreenivasa , Lahza Husam , G Nandini , Shawly Tawfeeq , Alsheikhy Ahmed A. , K R Naveen Kumar , M Hassan Fareed Lahza
Published: August 2023

Opportunistic networks (OppNets) have attracted widespread attention as wireless technologies have advanced. OppNets are widely used in delay‐tolerant applications because they route messages using a store‐carry‐forward mechanism. Recently, socially aware routing has been increasingly modeled for message dissemination in OppNets, where the message is routed selectively through cooperative nodes based on user interests; however, routing becomes extremely difficult as node density and data size increase. However, the current method fails to reduce data redundancy, message overhead, delay, and improve performance efficiency. To address the issues, this article proposes social context‐aware microscopic routing (SCAMR) for OppNets. SCAMR uses cluster‐based communication, novel social‐context association mapping, and an improved lost packet retrieval mechanism with minimal messaging overhead. In this work, the experiment was performed by considering three scenarios: varying node size, varying buffer size, and varying time‐to‐live size. The experimental results show that the SCAMR scheme improves delivery ratio by 71.25%, 67.87%, 69.18%, reduces delay by 33.93%, 26.68%, 35.36%, reduces the number of hop nodes (i.e., messaging overhead) by 77.84%, 71.53%, 76.04% over existing approaches namely, SCARF (SoCial‐Aware Reliable Forwarding Technique for Vehicular Communications), SRS (secure routing strategy), and EDT (effective data transmission) considering different scenarios, respectively.
Dioscoreae Rhizoma starch improves chronic diarrhea by regulating the gut microbiotas and fecal metabolome in rats
Authors: Zhang Qing , Zhang Xu , Wang Qing , Chen Suiqing
Published: August 2023

Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) has been used as food and medicine to treat diarrhea for thousands of years. This article aimed to elucidate the potential mechanism of Dioscoreae Rhizoma starch in alleviating chronic diarrhea induced by rhubarb based on gut microbiotas and fecal metabolome. The administration of the Dioscoreae Rhizoma aqueous extracts, crude polysaccharides, and starch could improve diarrhea and alleviate intestinal injury in chronic diarrhea rats. The Dioscoreae Rhizoma starch displayed the most apparent effect on regulating intestinal microbiotas by increasing the abundance and diversity of microbiotas. At the genus level, there were 17 changed intestinal microbiotas in model rats, and the treatment with Dioscoreae Rhizoma starch regulated 11 microbiotas. Metabolomics analysis revealed that Dioscoreae Rhizoma starch could regulate abnormal fecal metabolites to alleviate diarrhea, and these metabolites are involved in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; tyrosine metabolism; vitamin B6 metabolism; and purine metabolism. This study will contribute to the further research and development of Dioscoreae Rhizoma starch.
Characterization of thin metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells fabricated through atmospheric Plasma spraying
Authors: Tsai Chun‐Huang , Yang Chang Shiang , Chang Chunliang , Fu Cheng‐Yun , Han Min‐Fang , Wu Szu‐Han
Published: August 2023

In this study, thin molybdenum‐containing, nickel‐based metal‐supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS‐SOFCs) were fabricated through atmospheric plasma spraying and then characterized. We investigated the change in cell performance associated with the reduction of the Ni–Mo support layer thickness from 200 to 80 µm and reduction of the substrate sintering temperature from 1200 to 1000°C. At a cell voltage of 0.6 V, the measured maximum power density values of a 50 × 50 mm2 MS‐SOFC were 313, 581, 890, and 1098 mW cm−2 at 600, 650, 700, and 750°C, respectively. A 100 × 100 mm2 (commercial‐size) MS‐SOFC and an assembled single‐cell MS‐SOFC stack exhibited electric output power values of approximately 33 and 39 W at 700 and 750°C, respectively, and an effective electrode area of 81 cm2. In a long‐term stability test, the commercial‐size cell and single‐cell stack exhibited a degradation rate of approximately 1% after 1000 h of operation at a current density of 250–300 mA cm−2 and temperature of 700°C. Moreover, a five‐cell MS‐SOFC stack demonstrated a stack power of 180.85 W at 3.792 V (446.5 mW cm−2 at 0.758 V) and 750°C.