bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A model for evaluation of information content high-latitude trajectory measuring complex
Authors: Kupriyanov N.A. , Logunov S.V. , Khegai D.K. , Sidorov B.P. , Shpak A.V.
Published: November 2021

The article considers the stages of creating a model for evaluating the informativeness of a high-latitude trajectory measuring complex, which allows calculating the amount of atmospheric errors in determining the parameters of target trajectories using the available measurements of the full electronic content. Based on the calculated values of atmospheric errors, the possibility of obtaining a measurement from the target in the next review period is determined and it is determined whether the trajectory will be reset, a false trajectory will be tied, or the truths of the target trajectories will be confused. The calculated relations and results of estimation of the conditional high-latitude trajectory measuring complex are presented.
Planar structures of nano-voids in volume of a crystal
Authors: Stepantsov E.A.
Published: November 2021

It was studied the possibility of solid phase intergrowth of optical Y-ZrO2 crystals with preliminarily developed one of their two contacting surfaces. The developing included creation of determined relief by argon ion beam milling through a mask with determined layout. The process of solid phase intergrowth of crystals with such developed surfaces was fulfilled in the same conditions, which were used at the similar procedure for crystals with undeveloped surfaces. During the process crystal samples were put together in contact in parallel crystallographic orientation along preliminary polished and etched surfaces. Then they were heated in vacuum up to temperature 1600°С. After that they were pressed to each other up to pressure 1.4 kN/mm2 for 4 hours with further cooling with rate 10°С/min down to room temperature. Decreasing of effective square of contacting surfaces on a value of total square of etched relief picture was taken into account at calculating of compression pressure. It was found out that solid phase intergrowth on undeveloped parts of the surfaces was realized with the same result, as it was in case of solid phase intergrowth of Y-ZrO2 crystals, the contacting surfaces of which had not been developed by Ar beam milling. It was shown that nano-voids is formed at the rest parts of the contacting surfaces of crystalline specimens during their solid phase intergrowth. As a result a planar structure of nano-voids is created in a volume of a crystal, fabricated by solid phase intergrowth of two crystalline samples with preliminarily developed surface of one of them by argon beam milling through special mask. It was demonstrated that a configuration of nano-voids planar structure corresponds to a picture of the relief of the developed crystal surface with precision not worse than +/- 1 µ. By chemical etching for dislocation holes of the crystal side surfaces, which are perpendicular to a plane of a planar structure of nano-voids, it was demonstrated that during of solid phase intergrowth process plastic deformation of the material did not have place even on micro-level, corresponding to thickness of etched relief. Full absence of even weak traces of plastic deformation in the zone of crystal specimen intergrowth is an explanation of so high precision correspondance of etched relief to configuration of planar structure of nono-voids. The shown results demonstrate the possibility of creation a planar structure of nano-voids inside of a crystal, corresponding to in advance determined picture with so high precision, that it gives new possibilities in designing of photonic devices.
Una hermana vengativa en la Corte de Lisboa: "El muerto disimulado" de Ángela de Azevedo
Authors:   Universidad de Burgos, Sánchez Ibñañez Francisco
Published: November 2021

En la segunda década del siglo XVII la mujer empieza a cobrar cierta presencia dentro del circuito del teatro comercial. Paulatinamente, las escritoras irán encontrando su espacio en un mundo cuya actividad económica es cada vez más compleja. Hasta entonces el pretexto para justificar las incursiones femeninas a través de la esfera literaria era reducir su radio de acción a los asuntos morales o religiosos. Esta es una circunstancia que no conviene omitir, pues cuando Feliciana Enríquez de Guzmán decide iniciar su carrera de dramaturga, se escuda en la perspectiva clasicista, sospechamos que para demostrar que su formación humanística no desmerecía en nada frente a la de cualquier hombre de letras.
Assessment of Public Services Quality in Libya
Authors: Kamba Dr. Ibrahim Noureddin , Elsharif Dr. Hasan M. Elarabi
Published: November 2021

One of the main dimensions of good governance, which was adopted by the World Bank, is to ensure government provides quality services to its citizens. This dimension is very essential for the implementation of government policies and programs. For this reason, the government has to be accountable to all of their people about their services if their quality is not good. This study adopted quantitative method for primary data collection through questionnaire survey. The results from the data which was gathered from the Libyan people revealed that the Libyan people disagree with the rule of law as it does not enhance provision of good quality services, and they have no trust for the current laws by the government because they are not accountable.  The reasons for their views were due to the fact that most of the laws are not just laws. The study recommended that there is need to ensure the independence of the legislative institution via the constitution of the state, and also ensure the independence of the judiciary in order to enhance the ability of the institution to work freely without pressure from the government.
Rising to the Challenge of COVID-19: Pivoting to Online and Project-Based Physiotherapy Student Placements in Contemporary Professional Settings
Authors: Lawton Vidya , Vaughan Rebecca , Jones Taryn M. , Pacey Verity
Published: November 2021

Online and project-based student placements in sport and corporate settings were incorporated within the Macquarie University Doctor of Physiotherapy following the restriction of face-to-face delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores student and educator perceptions of these placements, and analyses student performance results to provide future recommendations. The mixed-methods design included a student survey, semi-structured educator interviews and quantitative analysis of student assessment performance comparing 2020 to 2018/2019 cohorts. Quantitative survey data were described, with proportional differences between groups analysed. Open-ended survey responses and interview transcripts were thematically analysed, and integration of all results was performed. Themes derived from 24 student surveys highlighted that the learning experiences and skills required for online and project-based placements were varied and valuable. Analysis of 176 students’ performance showed differences between performance and applicability of assessment items in 2020 placements in comparison to previous years, although all students met performance requirements. Analysis of eight educator interviews identified that online and project-based placements changed experiences for all stakeholders and highlighted the need for enhanced educator and student communication and organisation for the placement to be successful. Online and project-based placements were considered a better reflection of contemporary work practices, producing valuable deliverables to the business. Three final integrated themes were identified regarding online and project-based elements of placements: learning experiences of students differed, skills for students and educators differed, and placements were representative of real-world work. A hybrid approach that incorporates both online and onsite placement time and includes a project-based component is recommended for future placements. Project-based and online elements provide genuine and valuable learning opportunities for physiotherapy students in preparation for real-world work.
Natural additives effects on some quality parameters of un-refined peanut oil
Authors:   University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Akinoso R , Ekaette IU ,   University of Uyo, Nigeria
Published: November 2021

Edible oils are widely utilized in diets as a major source of fat and a heat transfer medium during frying . Improvement on nutritive value is a major concern in edible oil industry. Therefore, objectives of this work were to investigate the effects of sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) and tomato fruit ( Lycopersicon esculentum. ) as additives on some physical and functional properties, nutritive values and stability of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) oil. Response surface methodology was employed to study effect of natural additives on peanut oil. The variables were additives ratio (5:0, 3:2, 2.5:2.5, 2:3, 0:5) of sweet pepper: tomato and incubation time (1, 1.5, 2.5, 4, 6 hrs). While the responses were oil iodine value, peroxide value, free fatty acid, saponification value, colour, viscosity, beta- carotene, vitamin E and vitamin K. The calculated means for iodine value, peroxide value, free fatty acid, saponification value, colour, viscosity, β -carotene, vitamin E and vitamin K were 105.39 ± 10.38 Wijs, 9.89 ± 2.81 m Eq kg -1 , 2.4 ± 1.13%, 166.1 ± 20.53 mgKOH/g, 0.16 ± 0.2 A, 0.02 ± 0.00 Nsm -2 , 788.3 ± 69.50 μg/100g, 12.7 ± 0.87μg/100g and 7.8 ± 0.59 μg/100g , respectively. Coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of models for iodine value, peroxide value, free fatty acid, colour, viscosity, β -carotene and vitamin E were 0.76, 0.91, 0.76, 0.89, 0.93, 0.97 and 0.84, respectively. Functional properties of the oil including iodine value and saponification value reacted differently to treatment. Iodine value was significantly (p<0.05) influenced while non- significant (p>0.05) effect was recorded for the saponification value. The treatments significantly (p<0.05) influence peroxide value and free fatty acid of the extracted oil. Physical properties of the peanut oil measured by colour and viscosity were significantly influenced by the treatment (p<0.05) . Nutritive values of the peanut oil which were beta -carotene and Vitamin E were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the treatments but Vitamin K was not significantly influenced.
Nutritional and sensory evaluation of food formulations from malted and fermented maize (Zea mays L.) fortified with defatted sesame (Sesamun indicum L.) flour
Authors:   University of Agriculture, Nigeria, Gernah DI , Ariahu CC , Ingbian EK
Published: November 2021

Malting and fermentation were investigated as simple technologies for improving the nutritional and organoleptic properties of maize/sesame food formulations. Various maize flour samples were blended with defatted sesame flour, by material balancing, to give four food formulations consisting of unmalted maize + defatted sesame flour (UMS), malted maize + defatted sesame (MMS), unmalted, fermented maize + defatted sesame flour (UFMS) and malted fermented maize + defatted sesame flour (MFMS), which all contained 16g protein and 9g fat/100g food. Four diets were formulated (by material balancing with a basal diet ) from the food formulations in addition to case in (milk protein), and Nutrend (a commercial complementary food produced from maize and soybeans) to give 10g protein/ 100g of each test diets , which were used for feeding trials with Wister albino rats . The protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein ratio (NPR), apparent digestibility (AD) and amino acid profile as well as organoleptic properties of the gruels prepared from the food formulations were evaluated. The PER values of malted and fermented products (2.16 for MMS and 2.06 for MFMS) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of unmalted products (1.86 for UMS and 1.59 for UFMS). The NPR and AD values followed a similar trend with 3.82 and 70.50% for UM S, 4.40 and 72.10% for MMS, 4.21 and 70.00% for UFMS and 4.47 and 71.50% for MFMS respectively. Malting and fermentation significantly (p<0.05) increased lysine content from 2.16g/16gN ( UFMS ) to 5.46g/16gN (MFMS) and tryptophan from 1.08g/16gN (UFMS) to 1.35g/16gN (MFMS). There was significant ( p < 0.05) difference in colour, taste and aroma for all the food formulations . Mean sensory scores ranged from 7.07 – 8.33 for UMS, 7.34 – 8.45 for MMS, 7.04 – 7.73 for UFMS and 6.82 – 7.74 for MFMS on a 9 – point hedonic scale. The unfermented products gave better acceptability than the fermented products in all the attributes; while the UFMS and MFMS (fermented products) did not show any significant difference in acceptability . The malted maize/sesame (MMS) blend therefore gave the best result with the highest acceptability and is therefore recommended for use as a complementary food .
The effect of integrated nutrition care intervention on the nutritional status of HIV/AIDS children in Kilifi District, Kenya
Authors:   National AIDS Control Council, Nairobi, Chesire EJ , Makokha A ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya, Yeri Kombe Y ,   Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya, Mwangi M ,   Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya
Published: November 2021

The right to adequate nutrition in children is essential for the attainment of high standards of health. The health and nutritional status of orphans and vulnerable children is important as it affects their growth, health and mental development. However, these children suffer from malnutrition as they have limited access to adequate food and proper health care. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of an integrated nutrition care intervention in improving the nutritional status of children aged 6 - 14 years orphaned and made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS in Kilifi District, Kenya. A longitudinal quasi-experimental study was carried out in selected households of two divisions of Kilifi District. Two-stage sampling was used to identify the target households. Random sampling was used to identify the study subjects. A sample of 276 children was included in the study for experimental (138) and control (138) groups drawn from 153 households. The data collected included anthropometry measurements, dietary intake and socio-demographic characteristics of the study children. The intervention measures of the study were food rations, health and nutrition education, Vitamin A supplementation and de-worming. The experimental group was put on all the intervention measures, whereas the control group was given Vitamin A supplements and de-worming tablets, given in all the three phases. Epi-Info Anthro’ software package was used to analyze anthropometry data. Nutri- survey package was used to compute the nutrient content of the children’s meals. In both study areas, 26.1% of the children were underweight and 17.8% were wasted at baseline. In the control group at baseline, underweight was 29.7% and 18.8% were wasted, whereas in the experimental group, underweight was 22.5% and wasting was 16.7%. At endline evaluation, the proportion of underweight children in the control group reduced insignificantly (p=0.203) from 29.7% to 22.6% and wasting reduced insignificantly (p=0.295) from 18.8% to 13.9%. Among the experimental group, there was significant reduction (p=0.007) of underweight children from 22.5% to 9.4%, and wasting reduced significantly (p=0.031) from 16.7% to 7.7%. There was significant reduction (p<0.05) in malnutrition among the children in the experimental group but no significant reduction (p>0.05) in the control group. There is need for food rations and nutrition education among orphans and vulnerable children to improve their nutritional status. These results can be used by policy makers to modify programmes targeting orphans and vulnerable children to assure their nutrition security and improve their quality of life.
Factors influencing knowledge and practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Nyando District, Kenya
Authors:   Great Lakes University of Kisumu (GLUK), Kisumu, Nyanga NM , Musita C , Otieno A , Kaseje D
Published: November 2021

The overall objective of this study was to determine factors influencing the knowledge and practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding1 (EBF) among lactating mothers with infants aged zero2 to six months at Ahero Sub District Hospital in Nyando District, Kenya. A cross- sectional design was conducted to 117 breastfeeding mothers at Ahero Sub-District Hospital at Maternal Child Health clinic; these were selected consecutively until the desired sample was attained. The independent variables were maternal education, marital status, both maternal and child age, maternal employment status, health factors (place of delivery and maternal chronic illness), and cultural beliefs while dependent variables included EBF practice and mothers’ knowledge of EBF3 (awareness of EBF and its benefits), pre lacteal feeds and exclusive breastfeeding consistency. Exclusiveness was measured in time initiated (30 minutes initiation after birth) Data were collected by trained enumerators who administered a structured questionnaire. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) by running frequencies and cross tabulation. Chi square test was used to check for strength of association between variables at 95% confidence level. The study found that there was low EBF practice (33%) in the area and this posed a great concern. It was established that marital status, employment, maternal education, place of delivery and both infant and mothers’ age were closely associated with knowledge and practice of EBF. Marital status and employment were strong predictors of both knowledge and practice which showed statistical significance of P= 0.02 and P=0.00, respectively. It was evident that family support is a key factor in the success of EBF with special focus on partner involvement. Actions to empower women and promotion of EBF campaign are recommended to achieve the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) and probably reduce infant mortality in the area. Further studies are required to assess the impact of a strong focused educational program (focused on building family support) on improving EBF rates.
Liplytic activity of some fungal species on castor oil
Authors:   Raw Materials Research and Development Council, Nigeria, Negedu A , Ameh JB ,   Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria, Umoh VJ , Atawodi SE
Published: November 2021

Castor seed is important because of the castor oil content (40 – 57%). The oil enjoys tremendous world demand in the pharmaceutical, paint, cosmetics, textile, leather, lubricant, chemical, plastic, fibre, automobile and engineering industries. Castor oil, aside being a renewable resource, it is biodegradable and eco- friendly. Agricultural products are natural habitats of fungi and these materials contain cellulose, hemi- cellulose, starch, oils and other complex organic compounds. The ability of the fungi to exist in these environment s largely depends on their ability to produce enzymes capable of breaking down the various organic materials to provide their nutrients. Castor seeds and castor oil are good sources of nutrients for fungal growth and development. Fungi are capable of producing lipases which can hydrolyze fats or oils to fatty acids thereby increasing the free fatty acids of the produce and this is a deteriorating effect. Lipid degradation takes place when seeds or their oils are damaged by improper storage conditions or are exposed to certain microorganisms. Studies were carried out on the ability of nine fungal species namely: Aspergillus tamari i Aspergillus chevallieri, Penicillium chrysogenum, Cephaliophora irregularis, Syncephalastrum racemosum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ruber, Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus niger to produce extracellular lipases in stationary liquid medium using quantitative and qualitative indices including, dry mycelia mass, free fatty acid and peroxide values. These studies showed that al l the mould species exhibited lipolytic activity to varying levels as confirmed by formation of blue halo round the fungal colonies. The highest level of lipolytic activity (96.88 % +1.12%) was produced by Aspergillus tamari . which was also characterized b y highest mycelia dry yield (2.54 mg/40ml + 0.20 mg/40ml), while Cephaliphora irregularis produced the least lipolytic activity (3.10 % + 0.18%). T he highest peroxide value (38.1 meq/kg + 1.17meq/kg) was obtained in the medium inoculated with Aspergillus tamarii while the least (6.20 meq/kg +0.58)meq/kg was with Aspergillus terreus after 30 days of storage. The study showed that Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus flavus grew well and readily caused lipolytic activity when cultured in medium containing castor oil as the only carbon source, suggesting that these fungal species contributed significantly to castor oil bio -deterioration.
Changer ses manières de faire agir autrui à l’occasion d’expériences significatives : le cas de managers
Authors: Vu Kim
Published: November 2021

Les attitudes envers autrui de sujets adultes ou de personnes ayant une position forte dans la vie professionnelle sont souvent considérées comme difficiles à changer. On constate cependant que dans certaines circonstances, notamment à l’occasion d’expériences significatives dans leur propre trajectoire, des changements importants d'attitude peuvent survenir dans leur manière de gérer et faire gérer leurs interactions avec autrui. Avec un travail empirique portant sur les témoignages de ces managers sur leurs interactions avec autrui, nous illustrons les processus et les activités qui caractérisent ce changement de soi dans la relation avec les autres. Si l’apprentissage peut être considéré comme une « transformation d’habitude d’activité » (Barbier 2011 : 32), nous sommes convaincue qu’une expérience significative peut déclencher un processus de changement dans les apprentissages dédiés aux compétences humaines qui permettent aux managers de s’adapter à diverses situations multipliées par le nombre de rôles qu’ils jouent dans chaque situation.
Enabling nursing students to have a voice in designing a learning resource to support their participation in a clinical placement
Authors:   University  of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, Mackay Maria , Jans Carley ,   University  of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, Dewing Jan ,   Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland, Congram Alicia ,   Ulladulla Endoscopy and Medical Centre, New South Wales, Australia, Hoogenboom Louise ,   Southern NSW Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia, King Tanya ,   Southern NSW Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia, Kostiainen Daniel ,   Southern NSW Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia, Ionna Ionna ,   Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
Published: November 2021

Background: There appears to be a gap in the literature with regard to nursing students’ participation in designing learning resources to prepare them for the reality of clinical placements. In addition, the existing research on preparation focuses on skills competency and overlooks the emotional preparation required to navigate the practice context, while preparation of early-year students is not prioritised. Aim: This study had two aims: to provide nursing students with processes and tools to give them a voice in the development of learning resources to prepare for clinical placement; and to address some of the power imbalances between nursing students and clinical supervisors. Methods: This action research study was undertaken collaboratively with students and academic staff as co-researchers and was underpinned by the theoretical perspectives of transformational learning and person-centredness. It used a range of creative methods, such as workshops, critical creativity and critical dialogue. Conclusion: Emotional connection and vulnerability were found to enhance healthful (supervisory) relationships. The co-researchers developed a Student-Led Conversation Form and a process to support students to undertake and lead a conversation with their clinical supervisors and create shared values. Significantly, emotional preparation for clinical placements was found to be important for nursing students facing the reality of practice. Implications for practice: • Innovative approaches to curriculum development are enabled when academic staff authentically engage with nursing students • First-year nursing students experience a sense of empowerment when they engage in student-led learning • Person-centred learning requires academic staff and nursing students to be challenged to develop emotional literacy skills
Hábitos de estudio y rendimiento académico: caso estudiantes de octavo grado 2017
Authors: Delgado Mora Martha Isabel , García Lamus Ubaldo
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo pretende demostrar de qué manera pueden influir los hábitos de estudio en el bajo o alto rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Además, el documento muestra los propósitos que se buscan al implementar algunas estrategias que coadyuven en la adquisición de hábitos de estudio para elevar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. El objetivo principal es identificar la incidencia que tienen los hábitos de estudio en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de grado octavo, en la asignatura Ciencias Naturales y Educación Ambiental, de la “Escuela Normal Superior Antonia Santos”, ENSAS, de Puente Nacional, Santander. Al respecto, se desarrolló una metodología de investigación acción con un enfoque mixto, el cual se basó en el estudio de categorías analizadas en el desarrollo de 6 guías relacionadas con: condiciones ambientales, planificación del estudio, comprensión lectora, velocidad lectora y memoria. Este trabajo posibilitó establecer la importancia de desarrollar unos buenos hábitos de estudio, por cuanto estos influyen notable y favorablemente en el desempeño de los estudiantes. Se comprobó que los hábitos de estudio están íntimamente relacionados con un buen desempeño escolar, contribuyen a la disminución del fracaso escolar y ayudan en la vida personal de los estudiantes.
“Filosofía para Niños en Samacá”
Authors: Zamora Niño Lenny Magnolia
Published: November 2021

El artículo aborda resultados relacionados con el proyecto titulado “Filosofía para niños una experiencia de pensamiento”, desarrollado en la Institución Educativa Técnica Nacionalizada de Samacá, sede rural Mamonal, con un grupo de niños de los niveles de preescolar y primero, con el objeto de apropiar estrategias pedagógicas desde la propuesta de Filosofía para Niños. Así, el trabajo se desarrolló desde el método inductivo, haciendo un estudio particular, a partir de dichos grupos educativos, apuntando a emitir conclusiones que puedan ser aplicadas de manera generalizada. En la misma forma, se trata de una investigación del tipo cualitativa, pues busca describir pormenorizadamente el estado actual de las cosas. Lo anterior se materializa con este producto, que en un principio presenta las fortalezas y dificultades, tomando como referente para propiciar acciones educativas el programa de filosofía para niños; una segunda parte, presenta la organización metodológica desde un enfoque cualitativo, fundamentada como investigación-acción, buscando soluciones a problemáticas planteadas, a partir de la práctica; por último, la discusión del trabajo invita a pensar y reflexionar sobre diversos conceptos filosóficos desde la perspectiva de los niños, generando grandes descentramientos al docente frente a las formas como se comprenden las relaciones pedagógicas y el acto educativo.
A model for fi nding the optimal routes for a combined route container train
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Hao Chang , Kochneva Daria Ivanovna ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the development of the model for finding an optimal route for a combined route container train (CRCT), i.e. a train with a designated route and schedule, en route from the initial to the final station without reforming of a rolling stock, but carrying out cargo handling operations for loading/unloading containers at intermediate stops of the route. It is proposed to call the optimal route of a CRCT, which provides the minimum delivery time while ensuring the targeted train loading on each section and with a set value of demand for container transportation at each point of the route. A software implementation of the model in the MS Excel environment is proposed using the built-in generalized reduced gradient algorithm.
Assessment of the safety of a passenger train with a crash system in case of emergency collisions based on numerical modeling
Authors:   AO “OKB “Novator”, Ryazanov Eldar M. , Pavlyukov Alexander E. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: November 2021

The article presents the stages of developing a model of an emergency collision of an electric train against an obstacle, considers the main issues of confirming the adequacy of the computer model, and also gives the results of numerical experiments that allowed us to evaluate the performance of the crash system of an electric train.
Methods of combating the formation of a tracing rut wear on the streets and roads of the Sverdlovsk region
Authors:   Ural State Forest Engineering University (USFEU), Danilov Vyacheslav V. , Tsarikov Aleksej A. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the issues of tracing rut formation on the roads of the Sverdlovsk region under the influence of studded tyres. Possible methods for combating the formation of tracing rut wear under various conditions are given.
Internações por uso de substâncias psicoativas no estado do Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Sales Larissa Lauriano , Campos Eugênio de Moura , Souza Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: investigar os coeficientes de incidência de internações hospitalares por álcool e outras drogas (IHAD) no Ceará. Método: estudo descritivo utilizando dados do Sistema de Internações Hospitalares, do período 2013-2017. Resultados: o coeficiente de IHAD foi de 25,4/100 mil, sendo mais alta entre homens. Entre homens a substância isolada mais associada à internação foi o álcool, entre mulheres a cocaína igualou-se ao álcool. Os coeficientes de IHAD aumentaram conforme a idade nas três primeiras faixas etárias investigadas, caindo na última. Conclusão: foram identificadas variações de gênero e de faixa etária, assim como a importância do álcool enquanto substância isolada associada à internação.
PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT MALAPARIDARI PROVENAN UJUNG KULON PADA UMUR 5 BULAN DIPERSEMAIAN
Authors:   Balai Besar Litbang Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan, Maria Hasnah Tri , Windyarini Eritrina , Leksono Budi , Adma Adinugraha Hamdan , Hakim Lukman
Published: November 2021

Malapari (Pongamia pinnata) is one of tree species belonging to Family of Leguminosae. Malapari seed oil were known as potential source for biofuel. The previous study showed that Provenance from Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon Banten had highest oil content among provenances in Java. Seed exploration was carried out to determine variations among families on oil content and growth performance. This study was conducted to determine the variation among families on growth performance at nursery level. The seedlings were used as planting stocks for Progeny Test establishment. This study was arranged in randomized completely block design with 50 families, 10 seedlings per plot and repeated in 4 blocks resulting the total number of observation units were 2000 seedlings. Seedling survival rate, growth performance (height, diameter, leave number), and sturdiness ratio was measured monthly up to 5 months after sowing. Analyses of variance was used to find out differences among families. Correlation among characters/parameters was analyzed by Pearson Correlation Analyses. The results showed that variations among families were found on seedling growthperformance. The seedling survival rate at the age of 5 months was 84.60% (26,70-100%) with an average growth of 47.10 cm (31,2-59,7 cm) in height, 5.49 mm (4,7-6,5 mm) in diameter, 8.56 for seedlings sturdiness and 15.4 (10,9-18,8) for leave number
Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Gene Expression and Biological Processes in Different Tissues of Pigs: A Review
Authors: Fanalli Simara Larissa , da Silva Bruna Pereira Martins , Petry Bruna , Santana Miguel Henrique de Almeida , Polizel Guilherme Henrique Gebim , Antunes Robson Carlos , de Almeida Vivian Vezzoni , Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro , Luchiari Filho Albino , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Balieiro Júlio Cesar de Carvalho , Reecy James Mark , Koltes James , Koltes Dawn , Cesar Aline Silva Mello
Published: November 2021

Studies on the influence of dietary components and their effects are fundamental for nutrigenomics, or the study of how nutrients can be cellular sensors, how they affect biological processes and gene expression in different tissues. Lipids are an important source of fatty acids (FA) and energy and are fundamental to biological processes and influence the regulation of transcription. Pigs are excellent model to study nutrigenomics, particularly lipid metabolism because the deposition and composition of FA in their tissues reflect the composition of FA in their diet. Recent studies show that FA supplementation is important in production systems, such as growing and finishing pigs, as it can improve the energy value of the feed, help reduce costs, improve animal welfare, and influence the nutritional value of the meat. Studies show that oleic (OA), linoleic (LA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids are associated with the regulation of transcription in tissues such as muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and brain. Other studies indicate that EPA and DHA are associated with changes in specific signaling pathways, altering gene expression and biophysical properties of membranes. This review, therefore, focuses on the current knowledge of the effects of dietary FA on production traits and gene expression.
Rock Acoustics of Diagenesis and Cementation
Authors: Carcione José M. , Gei Davide , Picotti Stefano , Qadrouh Ayman , Alajmi Mamdoh , Ba Jing
Published: November 2021

We simulate the effects of diagenesis, cementation and compaction on the elastic properties of shales and sandstones with four different petro-elastical theories and a basin-evolution model, based on constant heating and sedimentation rates. We consider shales composed of clay minerals, mainly smectite and illite, depending on the burial depth, and the pore space is assumed to be saturated with water at hydrostatic conditions. Diagenesis in shale (smectite/illite transformation here) as a function of depth is described by a 5th-order kinetic equation, based on an Arrhenius reaction rate. On the other hand, quartz cementation in sandstones is based on a model that estimates the volume of precipitated quartz cement and the resulting porosity loss from the temperature history, using an equation relating the precipitation rate to temperature. Effective pressure effects (additional compaction) are accounted for by using Athy equation and the Hertz-Mindlin model. The petro-elastic models yield similar seismic velocities, despite the different level of complexity and physics approaches, with increasing density and seismic velocities as a function of depth. The methodology provides a simple procedure to obtain the velocity of shales and sandstones versus temperature and pressure due to the diagenesis-cementation-compaction process.
Environmental Pollution to Blame for Depressive Disorder?
Authors: Segovia-Mendoza Mariana , Palacios-Arreola Margarita Isabel , Pavón Lenin , Becerril Enrique , Nava-Castro Karen Elizabeth , Amador Omar , Morales-Montor Jorge
Published: November 2021

Public concern has emerged about the effects of endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) on neuropsychiatric disorders. Preclinical evidence suggests that exposure to EDCs is associated with the development of the major depressive disorder (MDD) and could result in neural degeneration. The interaction of EDCs with hormonal receptors is the best-described mechanism of their biological activity. However, the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal adrenal axis has been reported and linked to neurological disorders. On the other hand, at a worldwide level and in Mexico, the incidence of MDD has recently been increasing. Of note, in Mexico, there are no clinical associations on blood levels of EDCs and the incidence of the MDD. Methodology: Thus, we quantified for the first time the serum levels of parent compounds of two bisphenols and four phthalates in patients with MDD. Results: The levels of di-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate (DEHP), butyl-benzyl-phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di-ethyl-phthalate (DEP), bisphenol A (BPA), and bisphenol S (BPS) were determined with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Results/ conclusion: We found significant differences between concentrations of BBP between controls and patients with MDD.
Benzaldehyde Attenuates the Fifth Stage Larval Excretory-Secretory Product of Angiostrongylus cantonensis-Induced Injury in Mouse Astrocytes via Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Chen Kuang-Yao , Chen Yi-Ju , Cheng Chien-Ju , Jhan Kai-Yuan , Wang and Lian-Chen
Published: November 2021

Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) are the main research targets for investigating the hosts and helminths interaction. Parasitic worms can migrate to parasitic sites and avoid the host immune response by secreting this product. Angiostrongylus cantonensisis an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that causes severe neuropathological damage and symptoms, including eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans. Benzaldehydes are organic compounds composed of a benzene ring and formyl substituents. This compound has anti-inflammatory and antioxidation properties. Previous studies showed that 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBA) can reduce apoptosis in A. cantonensis ESPs treated astrocytes. These results on the protective effect underlying benzaldehyde have primarily focused on cell survival. The study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and oxidative stress in astrocytes in A. cantonensis ESPs treated astrocytes and to evaluate the therapeutic consequent of 3-HBA and 4-HBA. First, we initially established the RNA-seq dataset in each group, including Normal, ESPs, ESPs+3-HBA, and ESPs+4-HBA. We also found that benzaldehyde (3-HBA and 4-HBA) can stimulate astrocytes to express ER stress-related molecules after ESP treatment. The level of oxidative stress could also be decreased in astrocytes by elevating antioxidant activity and reducing ROS generation. These results suggested that benzaldehyde may be a potential therapeutic compound for human angiostrongyliasis to support brain cell survival by inducing the expression levels of ER stress- and oxidative stress-related pathway.
Assessing Vegetation Decline due to Pollution from Waste Cycle Activities by a Multitemporal Remote-Sensing Approach
Authors: Mancino Giuseppe , Console Rodolfo , Greco Michele , Iacovino Chiara , Trivigno Maria Lucia , Falciano Antonio
Published: November 2021

The work consisted in identifying possible effects from heavy metals (HMs) pollution due to waste disposal activities in three potentially polluted sites located in Basilicata (Italy), where a release of pollutants with values over the thresholds allowed by the Italian legislation was detected. The potential variations in the physiological efficiency of vegetation have been analyzed through the multitemporal processing of satellite images. In detail, Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images were used to calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) trend over the years. Then, the multitemporal trends were analyzed using the median of Theil-Sen, a non-parametric estimator particularly suitable for the treatment of remote sensing data, being able to minimize the outlier effects due to exogenous factors. Finally, the subsequent application of the Mann-Kendall test on the trends identified by Theil-Sen slope allowed the evaluation of trends significance and, therefore, the areas characterized by the effects of contamination on vegetation. The application of the procedure to the three survey sites led to the exclusion of the presence of significant effects of HMs contamination on the vegetation surrounding the sites during the years of waste disposal activities.
Flexible, Biocompatible PET Sheets: a Platform for Attachment, Proliferation and Differentiation of Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Samanta Soumen , Gaad Diana , Cabet Eva , Lilienbaum Alain , Singh Ajay , Aswal Dinesh Kumar , Chehimi Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Transparent, flexible, biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets were modified by bioactive polymer-fibronectin top layers for the attachment of cells and growth of muscle fibers. Towards this end, PET sheets were grafted with 4-(dimethylamino)phenyl (DMA) groups from the in situ generated corresponding diazonium compound. The arylated sheets served as macro-hydrogen donors for benzophenone and the growth of poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) top layer by surface-confined free radical photopolymerization. The PET-PHEMA sheets were further grafted with fibronectin (FBN) through the 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole coupling procedures. The bioactive PET-PHEMA-I-FBN was then employed as a platform for the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of eukaryotic cells which after a few days gave remarkable muscle fibers, of ~120 µm length and ~45 µm thickness. We demonstrate that PET-PHEMA yields a fast growth of cells followed by muscle fibers of excellent levels of differentiation compared to pristine PET or standard microscope glass slides. The positive effect is exacerbated by crosslinking PHEMA chains with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate at initial HEMA/EGDMA concentration ratio = 9/1. This works conclusively shows that in situ generated diazonium salts provide aryl layers for the efficient UV-induced grafting of biocompatible coating that beneficially serve as platform for cell attachment and growth of muscle fibers. Beyond this work, diazonium coupling agents constitute the corner stone of next generation processes for building flexible platforms for cell adhesion and uses thereof.
Molecular Recognition by Pillar[5]arenes: Balance Between Hydrophobic and Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Gómez-González B. , García-Río L. , Basilio N. , Mejuto J.C. , Simal-Gandara J.
Published: November 2021

The formation of inclusion complexes between alkylsulfonate guests and a cationic pillar[5]arene receptor in water was investigated by NMR and ITC techniques. The results show the formation of host-guest complexes stabilized by electrostatic interactions and hydrophobics effects with binding constants of up to 107 M-1 for the guest with higher hydrophobic character. Structurally, the alkyl chain of the guest is included in the hydrophobic aromatic cavity of the macrocycle while the sulfonate groups are hold in the multicationic portal by ionic interactions.
MONITORING PROPOSAL OF THE SPECIES VIOLET CARPENTER BEE XYLOCOPA VIOLACEA IN POLAND
Authors:   Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland, ALEKSA Maria
Published: November 2021

The main purpose of this scientific publication is to present the suggested methods of monitoring the species violet carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea, which belongs to Hymenoptera of the bee family Apidae. Despite the fact that this insect is only partially protected under Polish national law, there are very few identified localities of these animals in Poland. The main problem related to the uncertainty of the number of the violet carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea is the lack of monitoring within national borders. The proposed method of population status assessment is based on the field research. These studies include the observations of many elements of the population and the environment and on predicting what are the prospects for protecting the violet carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea in Poland. The proposed method of population status assessment is based on the analysis of species presence and abundance and the proposed method of habitat status assessment is based on the analysis of area, food base, type of environment, elements of the habitat, the nature of the surroundings and habitat stability. The proposed methods can be also applied for Xylocopa valga, which can be easily confused with the violet carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea. What is the most important – regular monitoring may contribute to the recognition of other places of occurrence and will enable effective protection of the violet carpenter bee Xylocopa violacea in Poland.
Association Between Source of Treatment and Quality of Childhood Diarrhea Management Among Under-Five Children in Nigeria
Authors: Olorunsaiye Comfort Z. , Degge Hannah M. , Saigh Jiana
Published: November 2021

Background and Objective: Despite the availability of low-cost and effective interventions, diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of under-five morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. We assessed the relationships between the source and quality of treatment for children with diarrhea in Nigeria.
Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data on 3,956 under-five children with a recent diarrheal episode, from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. The outcome was quality of diarrhea management based on the administration of the following treatment recommendations: oral rehydration salt (ORS), zinc supplementation, increased oral fluids, and continued feeding. The exposure was the source of treatment (none; traditional/informal; public hospitals/health centers; private hospitals/clinics; and community-based services). Using adjusted, multivariable logistic regression, we estimated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to predict the factors related to the quality of diarrhea management.
Results: In all, only 1 in 5 children received all the four recommended diarrhea interventions. The odds of good quality diarrhea management were higher among children who received treatment in public hospitals/health centers, private hospitals/clinics, and community-based services compared to those of children who did not receive treatment (OR=2.52, 95% CI=1.89-3.34; OR=2.46, 95% CI=1.90-3.16; and OR=1.91, 95% CI=1.40-2.59, respectively). Compared to children whose parents did not seek treatment, the odds of receiving ORS ranged from 2.1 times (OR: 2.11, 95% CI=1.44-3.11) for seeking care in traditional/informal sources to 12.3 times (95% CI=8.81-17.15) in public hospitals/health centers. We observed similar trends for zinc supplementation. The odds of increased oral fluids were higher in public and private hospitals/clinics (OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.03-2.01 and OR=2.08, 95% CI=1.57-2.76, respectively). Across all settings, the odds of continued feeding were significantly lower among children who received treatment compared to children who did not receive treatment.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Our findings indicate poor quality diarrhea management across various treatment settings. Policies and programs that encourage caregivers to seek treatment and improve the quality of care may contribute to reducing childhood diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality in Nigeria.
 
Copyright © 2021 Olorunsaiye et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.