bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The church as a HIV-competent faith community: An assessment of Christian AIDS Bureau for Southern Africa�s Churches, Channels of Hope training
Authors: Landman Christina
Published: August 2014

Julian M�ller has envisioned the praxis of theology, from a postfoundational point of view,to develop in two movements: engagement in a community that leads to �real contextualoutcomes� and the establishment of new traditions as deconstructed discourses that movebeyond single communities. This article assesses the Churches, Channels of Hope (CCoH)training of the Christian AIDS Bureau for Southern Africa (CABSA) in terms of the two criterialaid down by M�ller. Firstly, do they successfully train their facilitators to skilfully empowertheir faith communities to become competent in dealing with people living with HIV? Inother words, does the CCoH training lead to �real contextual outcomes�? Secondly, are thedeconstructed social discourses put in place by the CCoH training that focus on the �new�Christian values of human worthiness and agency able to constitute a contra-culture that willmove beyond the boundaries of specific contexts? After the CCoH facilitator�s manual and areport on the facilitators� reaction to the training course have been studied, it was found thatthe CCoH training embodies �HIV competency� in practices and discourses that can indeedbe called �contextual� as well as �contra-cultural� although they lack some much-needed skillsin reading the Bible from a non-fundamentalist point of view and conducting their impactstudies in a more sophisticated and non-reductionist way.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article wants to make acontribution to HIV discoursing over a wide range of disciplines. The lifestyle changes andspiritual healing of the CCoH training that is assessed here inform the fields of counselling,life skills, law and gender. The proposed contra-culture and alternative discourses at staketouch on the fields of primary, secondary and, indeed, tertiary education.
Religion in the public sphere and the well-being of the poor: A practical theological perspective
Authors: Pieterse Hennie J.C.
Published: August 2014

This article forms part of my research participation at the University of South Africa in the project Religion, health and well-being in Southern Africa: Practical theological perspectives. All the themes we are addressing in this project are public issues. Therefore the basic question in this project pertains to where and how religion, in this case Christian religion, is involved in public discourses and actions regarding problems in public life in South Africa. The specific research question in this article is: what effects do congregational projects by church members, directed to the poor, have on their experience of well-being? Congregational projects by church members directed to the poor are public actions by people with religious motivation addressing a public problem in South Africa. Therefore, these projects and their effects on the experience of well-being by the poor are religious actions in the public sphere. Firstly, I have conceptualised religion as well as the well-being of the poor in South Africa. The relationship between religion and well-being amongst the poor is then addressed. The conceptualisation has directed the formulation of half-structured interview questions in a qualitative empirical research in a sample from a population of pastors and their congregations who are practicing congregational projects directed at the poor in their vicinities. From the analysis of the contents of the interview, data categories have been formulated, which could then be phrased into a conceptual framework of the effects of these projects on the well-being of the poor. This research is an exercise in public practical theological research.
Homo viator
Authors: Vos Cas
Published: August 2014

Homo viator. This article investigates the uniqueness of a metaphor. The golden thread throughout this article is the contemplation of a metaphor as a journey. The creative thinking of Paul Ricoeur, Johan Degenaar, Bertie du Plessis and Adelia Carstens on the metaphor is recognised and explored in this article. Julian M�ller�s use of the metaphor as journey is also discussed. The metaphor as a journey in Homeros, the Old Testament as well as the New Testament is investigated. The binding force of metaphors in language is also considered. The essence and expressiveness of a metaphor are explained by means of several different examples. The destination of this journey finds its conclusion in a poem.
An epistemology of facilitation: A Julian M�ller story
Authors: Pienaar H. Elmo
Published: August 2014

The article furthered an epistemology of facilitation. It was created through bringing into focus broad movements in Julian M�ller�s theoretical academic development. Rather than explaining at length the epistemological concepts characterising M�ller�s theoretical development � rightly because of the importance of narrative in Julian M�ller�s work � the article sought to link a social psychological dimension of both M�ller and the author to these concepts. Resulting from M�ller�s work, the author regarded a narrative approach, social constructionism and postfoundationalism as important epistemological conversational partners in practical theological facilitation.
Panente�sme as �n funksionele, induktiewe konstruk in die gesprek tussen die teologie en die (natuur)wetenskap
Authors: Buitendag Johan
Published: August 2014

Panentheism: A functional and inductive endeavour in the dialogue between science and religion. Panentheism is an approach that gains more and more popularity in both systematic and practical theology, as well as in philosophy. But what lies at the heart of panentheism? Could panentheism be the key to a valid contemporary understanding of God and creation? This article aims at illuminating the richness of panentheism whilst at the same time exploring whether this construct could enhance the interdisciplinary dialogue. The author of this article departs from the premise that it is the task of systematic theology to understand reality in a collective enterprise, together with other disciplines and even other sciences. A constructive empiricism could, when combined with the notion of social constructionism, lead to an understanding of reality where reality is more than mere idealistically conceived. Truth is therefore to be replaced with a pragmatic but value-laden concept of understanding. Therefore panentheism and both epistemology and ontology have to be reconsidered. It is the opinion of the author that panentheism can enrich both the dialogue between disciplines as well as the interaction between practical and systematic theology. However, panentheism then has to be even more radical and steer clear of the traditional meaning of space and time.
Merkers vir �n eietydse prakties-teologiese ekklesiologie
Authors: Schoeman Willem J.
Published: August 2014

Markers for a contemporary practical theological ecclesiology. Faith communities, especially congregations, are defined and described in a number of ways. Congregations are, for example, more than the working ability of the minister or the financial contributions of its members, but these two aspects are sometimes directly or indirectly used to define a congregation. The demand for a practical theological ecclesiology requires a specific description of a congregation that is more than the abovementioned aspects. The contextualisation of the Christian faith challenge congregations to play a missional role in the community and society. Moral-ethical challenges, the lack of a critical public presence and serious social problems constitute an imperative for the reconsideration of the role of congregations. Empirical research suggests that congregations are mostly working with an �own� internal agenda. Not enough attention, and sometimes little attention, is being paid to matters beyond the congregational boundaries. Is this a sound ecclesiology? This article aims to propose guidelines along which a relevant contextual and practical theological ecclesiology can be developed.
The narrative turn in practical theology: A discussion of Julian M�ller�s narrative approach
Authors: Dreyer Jaco S.
Published: August 2014

The importance of narrative for practical theology is today widely recognised, both nationally and internationally. There is, however, disagreement amongst practical theologians regarding the scope and role of narrative in practical theological methodology. The practical theologian Julian M�ller made, and continues to make, an important contribution to the methodology of practical theology through his narrative approach. The aim of this article was to contribute to the ongoing methodological discussion about the scope and role of narrative approaches in practical theology. M�ller�s narrative approach was discussed against the backdrop of the narrative turn in the human and social sciences. It was concluded that M�ller�s narrative approach reveals some of the key tensions in practical theological methodology. His metaphorical narrative approach, as a representative of the poetic pole in the methodological debate, helps to guard practical theology from losing its transformative orientation and its vital connection with religious practice. Embracing a variety of approaches could help practical theologians to steer between the Scylla of a one-sidedly scientific practical theology and the Charybdis of the triumph of the immediacy of praxis.
The Bochner–Schoenberg–Eberlein Property and Spectral Synthesis for Certain Banach Algebra Products
Authors: Kaniuth Eberhard
Published: August 2014

Associated with two commutative Banach algebras A and B and a character θ of B is a
certain Banach algebra product A ×θB, which is a splitting extension of B by A. We investigate two topics for the algebra A ×θB in relation to the corresponding ones of A and B. The first one is the Bochner–Schoenberg–Eberlein property and the algebra of Bochner–Schoenberg–Eberlein functions on the spectrum, whereas the second one concerns the wide range of spectral synthesis
problems for A ×θB.
Nitrous oxide emissions from a commercial cornfield (Zea mays) measured using the eddy-covariance technique
Authors: Huang H. , Wang J. , Hui D. , Miller D. R. , Bhattarai S. , Dennis S. , Smart D. , Sammis T. , Reddy K. C.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Increases in observed atmospheric concentrations of the long-lived greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O), have been well documented. However, information on event-related instantaneous emissions during fertilizer applications is lacking. With the development of fast-response N2O analyzers, the eddy covariance (EC) technique can be used to gather instantaneous measurements of N2O concentrations to quantify the exchange of nitrogen between the soil and atmosphere. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of a new EC system, to measure the N2O flux with the system, and finally to examine relationships of the N2O flux with soil temperature, soil moisture, precipitation, and fertilization events. We assembled an EC system that included a sonic anemometer and a fast-response N2O analyzer (quantum cascade laser spectrometer) in a cornfield in Nolensville, Tennessee during the 2012 corn growing season (4 April–8 August). Fertilizer amounts totaling 217 kg N ha−1 were applied to the experimental site. The precision of the instrument was 0.066 ppbv for 10 Hz measurements. The seasonal mean detection limit of the N2O flux measurements was 2.10 ng N m−2 s−1. This EC system can be used to provide reliable N2O flux measurements. The cumulative emitted N2O for the entire growing season was 6.87 kg N2O-N ha−1. The 30 min average N2O emissions ranged from 0 to 11 100 μg N2O{-}N m−2 h−1 (mean = 257.5, standard deviation = 817.7). Average daytime emissions were much higher than night emissions (278.8 ± 865.8 vs. 100.0 ± 210.0 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1). Seasonal fluxes were highly dependent on soil moisture rather than soil temperature, although the diurnal flux was positively related to soil temperature. This study was one of the few experiments that continuously measured instantaneous, high-frequency N2O emissions in crop fields over a growing season of more than 100 days.
Ash plume top height estimation using AATSR
Authors: Virtanen T. H. , Kolmonen P. , Rodríguez E. , Sogacheva L. , Sundström A.-M. , de Leeuw G.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. An algorithm is presented for the estimation of volcanic ash plume top height using the stereo view of the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) aboard Envisat. The algorithm is based on matching top of the atmosphere (TOA) reflectances and brightness temperatures of the nadir and 55° forward views, and using the resulting parallax to obtain the height estimate. Various retrieval parameters are discussed in detail, several quality parameters are introduced, and post-processing methods for screening out unreliable data have been developed. The method is compared to other satellite observations and in situ data. The proposed algorithm is designed to be fully automatic and can be implemented in operational retrieval algorithms. Combined with automated ash detection using the brightness temperature difference between the 11 and 12 μm channels, the algorithm allows efficient simultaneous retrieval of the horizontal and vertical dispersion of volcanic ash. A case study on the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull in 2010 is presented.
Spring bloom community change modifies carbon pathways and C : N : P : Chl a stoichiometry of coastal material fluxes
Authors: Spilling K. , Kremp A. , Klais R. , Olli K. , Tamminen T.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Diatoms and dinoflagellates are major bloom-forming phytoplankton groups competing for resources in the oceans and coastal seas. Recent evidence suggests that their competition is significantly affected by climatic factors under ongoing change, modifying especially the conditions for cold-water, spring bloom communities in temperate and arctic regions. We investigated the effects of phytoplankton community composition on spring bloom carbon flows and nutrient stoichiometry in multi-year mesocosm experiments. Comparison of differing communities showed that community structure significantly affected C accumulation parameters, with highest particulate organic carbon (POC) build-up and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release in diatom-dominated communities. In terms of inorganic nutrient drawdown and bloom accumulation phase, the dominating groups behaved as functional surrogates. Dominance patterns, however, significantly affected C : N : P : Chl a ratios over the whole bloom event: when diatoms were dominant, these ratios increased compared to dinoflagellate dominance or mixed communities. Diatom-dominated communities sequestered carbon up to 3.6-fold higher than the expectation based on the Redfield ratio, and 2-fold higher compared to dinoflagellate dominance. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental report of consequences of climatically driven shifts in phytoplankton dominance patterns for carbon sequestration and related biogeochemical cycles in coastal seas. Our results also highlight the need for remote sensing technologies with taxonomical resolution, as the C : Chl a ratio was strongly dependent on community composition and bloom stage. Climate-driven changes in phytoplankton dominance patterns will have far-reaching consequences for major biogeochemical cycles and need to be considered in climate change scenarios for marine systems.
A global finite-element shallow-water model supporting continuous and discontinuous elements
Authors: Ullrich P. A.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. This paper presents a novel nodal finite element method for either continuous and discontinuous elements, as applied to the 2-D shallow-water equations on the cubed-sphere. The cornerstone of this method is the construction of a robust derivative operator which can be applied to compute discrete derivatives even over a discontinuous function space. A key advantage of the robust derivative is that it can be applied to partial differential equations in either conservative or non-conservative form. However, it is also shown that discontinuous penalization is required to recover the correct order of accuracy for discontinuous elements. Two versions with discontinuous elements are examined, using either the g1 and g2 flux correction function for distribution of boundary fluxes and penalty across nodal points. Scalar and vector hyperviscosity operators valid for both continuous and discontinuous elements are also derived for stabilization and removal of grid-scale noise. This method is validated using three standard shallow-water test cases, including geostrophically balanced flow, a mountain-induced Rossby wave train and a barotropic instability. The results show that although the discontinuous basis requires a smaller time step size than that required for continuous elements, the method exhibits better stability and accuracy properties in the absence of hyperviscosity.
Integrated assessment of global water scarcity over the 21st century under multiple climate change mitigation policies
Authors: Hejazi M. I. , Edmonds J. , Clarke L. , Kyle P. , Davies E. , Chaturvedi V. , Wise M. , Patel P. , Eom J. , Calvin K.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Water scarcity conditions over the 21st century both globally and regionally are assessed in the context of climate change and climate mitigation policies, by estimating both water availability and water demand within the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), a leading community-integrated assessment model of energy, agriculture, climate, and water. To quantify changes in future water availability, a new gridded water-balance global hydrologic model – namely, the Global Water Availability Model (GWAM) – is developed and evaluated. Global water demands for six major demand sectors (irrigation, livestock, domestic, electricity generation, primary energy production, and manufacturing) are modeled in GCAM at the regional scale (14 geopolitical regions, 151 sub-regions) and then spatially downscaled to 0.5° × 0.5° resolution to match the scale of GWAM. Using a baseline scenario (i.e., no climate change mitigation policy) with radiative forcing reaching 8.8 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A1Fi emission scenario) and three climate policy scenarios with increasing mitigation stringency of 7.7, 5.5, and 4.2 W m−2 (equivalent to the SRES A2, B2, and B1 emission scenarios, respectively), we investigate the effects of emission mitigation policies on water scarcity. Two carbon tax regimes (a universal carbon tax (UCT) which includes land use change emissions, and a fossil fuel and industrial emissions carbon tax (FFICT) which excludes land use change emissions) are analyzed. The baseline scenario results in more than half of the world population living under extreme water scarcity by the end of the 21st century. Additionally, in years 2050 and 2095, 36% (28%) and 44% (39%) of the global population, respectively, is projected to live in grid cells (in basins) that will experience greater water demands than the amount of available water in a year (i.e., the water scarcity index (WSI) > 1.0). When comparing the climate policy scenarios to the baseline scenario while maintaining the same baseline socioeconomic assumptions, water scarcity declines under a UCT mitigation policy but increases with a FFICT mitigation scenario by the year 2095, particularly with more stringent climate mitigation targets. Under the FFICT scenario, water scarcity is projected to increase, driven by higher water demands for bio-energy crops.
The role of retrospective weather forecasts in developing daily forecasts of nutrient loadings over the southeast US
Authors: Oh J. , Sinha T. , Sankarasubramanian A.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. It is well known in the hydrometeorology literature that developing real-time daily streamflow forecasts in a given season significantly depends on the skill of daily precipitation forecasts over the watershed. Similarly, it is widely known that streamflow is the most important predictor in estimating nutrient loadings and the associated concentration. The intent of this study is to bridge these two findings so that daily nutrient loadings and the associated concentration could be predicted using daily precipitation forecasts and previously observed streamflow as surrogates of antecedent land surface conditions. By selecting 18 relatively undeveloped basins in the southeast US (SEUS), we evaluate the skill in predicting observed total nitrogen (TN) loadings in the Water Quality Network (WQN) by first developing the daily streamflow forecasts using the retrospective weather forecasts based on K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) resampling approach and then forcing the forecasted streamflow with a nutrient load estimation (LOADEST) model to obtain daily TN forecasts. Skill in developing forecasts of streamflow, TN loadings and the associated concentration were computed using rank correlation and RMSE (root mean square error), by comparing the respective forecast values with the WQN observations for the selected 18 Hydro-Climatic Data Network (HCDN) stations. The forecasted daily streamflow and TN loadings and their concentration have statistically significant skill in predicting the respective daily observations in the WQN database at all 18 stations over the SEUS. Only two stations showed statistically insignificant relationships in predicting the observed nitrogen concentration. We also found that the skill in predicting the observed TN loadings increases with the increase in drainage area, which indicates that the large-scale precipitation reforecasts correlate better with precipitation and streamflow over large watersheds. To overcome the limited samplings of TN in the WQN data, we extended the analyses by developing retrospective daily streamflow forecasts over the period 1979–2012 using reforecasts based on the K-NN resampling approach. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2Q-daily) of the daily streamflow forecasts, we computed the potential skill (R2TN-daily) in developing daily nutrient forecasts based on the R2 of the LOADEST model for each station. The analyses showed that the forecasting skills of TN loadings are relatively better in the winter and spring months, while skills are inferior during summer months. Despite these limitations, there is potential in utilizing the daily streamflow forecasts derived from real-time weather forecasts for developing daily nutrient forecasts, which could be employed for various adaptive nutrient management strategies for ensuring better water quality.
Seasonal forecasting of fire over Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Spessa A. C. , Field R. D. , Pappenberger F. , Langner A. , Englhart S. , Weber U. , Stockdale T. , Siegert F. , Kaiser J. W. , Moore J.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Large-scale fires occur frequently across Indonesia, particularly in the southern region of Kalimantan and eastern Sumatra. They have considerable impacts on carbon emissions, haze production, biodiversity, health, and economic activities. In this study, we demonstrate that severe fire and haze events in Indonesia can generally be predicted months in advance using predictions of seasonal rainfall from the ECMWF System 4 coupled ocean–atmosphere model. Based on analyses of up-to-date and long series observations on burnt area and rainfall, and tree cover, we demonstrate that fire activity is negatively correlated with rainfall, and is positively associated with deforestation in Indonesia. There is a contrast between the southern region of Kalimantan (high fire activity, high tree cover loss and strong non-linear correlation between observed rainfall and fire) and the central region of Kalimantan (low fire activity, low tree cover loss and weak non-linear correlation between observed rainfall and fire). The ECMWF seasonal forecast provides skilled forecasts of burnt area with several months lead time explaining at least 70% of the variance between rainfall and with burnt area. Results are strongly influenced by El Niño years which show a consistent positive bias. Overall, our findings point to a high potential for using a more physical-based method for predicting fires with several months lead time in the tropics, rather than one based on indexes only. We argue that seasonal precipitation forecasts should be central to Indonesia's evolving fire management policy.
Impact of a 30% reduction in Atlantic meridional overturning during 2009–2010
Authors: Bryden H. L. , King B. A. , McCarthy G. D. , McDonagh E. L.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation comprises warm upper waters flowing northward, becoming colder and denser until they form deep water in the Labrador and Nordic Seas that then returns southward through the North and South Atlantic. The ocean heat transport associated with this circulation is 1.3 PW, accounting for 25% of the maximum combined atmosphere–ocean heat transport necessary to balance the Earth's radiation budget. We have been monitoring the circulation at 25° N since 2004. A 30% slowdown in the circulation for 14 months during 2009–2010 reduced northward ocean heat transport across 25° N by 0.4 PW and resulted in colder upper ocean waters north of 25° N and warmer waters south of 25° N. The spatial pattern of upper ocean temperature anomalies helped push the wintertime circulation 2010–2011 into record-low negative NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) conditions with accompanying severe winter conditions over northwestern Europe. The warmer temperatures south of 25° N contributed to the high intensity hurricane season in summer 2010.
Characterisation of the magmatic signature in gas emissions from Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica
Authors: Moussallam Y. , Peters N. , Ramírez C. , Oppenheimer C. , Aiuppa A. , Giudice G.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The equilibrium composition of volcanic gases with their magma is often overprinted by interaction with a shallow hydrothermal system. Identifying the magmatic signature of volcanic gases is critical to relate their composition to properties of the magma (temperature, fO2, gas-melt segregation depth). We report measurements of the chemical composition and flux of the major gas species emitted from Turrialba volcano during March 2013. Measurements were made of two vents in the summit region; one of which opened in 2010 and the other in 2012. We determined an average SO2 flux of 2.40 ± 0.75 kg s−1 using scanning ultraviolet spectroscopy, and molar proportions of H2O, CO2, SO2, HCl, CO and H2 gases of 94.16, 4.03, 1.56, 0.23, 0.003 and 0.009%, respectively, by open-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and a multi-species gas sensing system. Together, these data imply fluxes of 41, 4, 0.2, 2 × 10−3 and 5 × 10–4 kg s−1 for H2O, CO2, HCl, CO and H2 respectively. Although H2S was detected, its concentration could not be resolved. HF was not detected. The chemical signature of the gas from both vents was found to be broadly similar. Following the opening of the 2010 and 2012 vents we found limited to negligible interaction of the magmatic gas with the hydrothermal system has occurred and the gas composition of the volcanic plume is broadly representative of equilibrium with the magma. The time evolution of the gas composition, the continuous emission of large quantities of SO2 and the physical evolution of the summit area with new vent opening and more frequent eruptions all point towards a continuous drying of the hydrothermal system at Turrialba's summit at an apparently increasing rate.
Magma storage and plumbing of adakite-type post-ophiolite intrusions in the Sabzevar ophiolitic zone, NE Iran
Authors: Jamshidi K. , Ghasemi H. , Troll V. R. , Sadeghian M. , Dahren B.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Subduction-related adakite-type intrusive rocks emplaced into the late Cretaceous-Paleocene Sabzevar ophiolite zone, NE Iran, range from Mg-andesite to rhyodacite in composition. Here we investigate the magma supply system to these subvolcanic intrusive rocks by applying thermobarometric mineral and mineral-melt equilibrium models, including amphibole thermobarometry, plagioclase-melt thermobarometry and clinopyroxene-melt barometry. Based on the results of these thermobarometric models, plagioclase crystallized dominantly at pressures of ~ 350 (468–130) MPa, while amphiboles record both low pressures (~ 300 MPa) and very high pressures (> 700 MPa) of crystallization. The latter is supported by the calculated pressures for clinopyroxene crystallization (550 to 730 MPa). The association of amphibole with clinopyroxene and no plagioclase in the most primitive samples (Mg-andesites) is consistent with amphibole fractionation from very hydrous magmas at deep crustal levels of the plumbing system, which may have been a key process to intensify adakite-type affinities in this rock suite. Barometry, combined with frequent disequilibrium features, such as oscillatory-zoned and sieve-textured plagioclase crystals with An-rich overgrowths in more evolved samples, imply final magma differentiation occurred in an open upper crustal magma system that developed progressively stronger compositional modifications during high-level magma storage.
The effects of Justice Oriented Service Recovery on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in Retail Banks in Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Efrem Sisay
Published: August 2014

The principal objective of this study is to investigate the effects of justice oriented service recovery on customer satisfaction in retail banks in Ethiopia. It also attempts to assess how recovery satisfaction in turn affects customer loyalty.  In order to realize the research objectives, data were collected through survey questionnaire from a total of 400 customers who have experienced service failures and recovered by the banks during the past one year.  The study utilizes the instrument developed by Tax et al. (1998). Findings reveal that, perceived justice namely procedural justice, interactional justice and distributive justice were found to be positively related to recovery satisfaction.  Recovery satisfaction is also positively related with customer loyalty.
Examining Overreaction in Indian Stock Market for Quarterly News
Authors: Khatua Sitangshu , Pradhan Hemant Kumar
Published: August 2014

Market Overreaction is a very familiar and age-old craze amongst traders. Pigou (1929) defined it as a ‘conducting rod along which an error of optimism or pessimism, once generated, propagates itself about the business world.’ The question of whether or not Indian stock prices market is overreacted during any stock-specific news is best answered by a comprehensive and concurrent analysis of the various tests and data available while using the event study.This study wants to address the impact of size, volatility and asymmetry in the terms of investors’ overreaction to the firm-specific news not only individually but also jointly. The outcome of this study helps to solve the problem concerning the extent to which quarterly announcements have informational content, and whether the investors are affected by the signals. The present study substantiates the policy recommendation for the market players as well as for the analysts in estimating earning announcement events under different market condition and different market capitalization value of the firm.
Regulators Throughout American History Have Been Reluctant To Regulate Cigars And The FDA Still Is Today, But Why?
Authors: Warren Kenneth F
Published: August 2014

In this article I explore the history of cigar regulation, going back to colonial times, yet focusing on the current regulatory climate. I review the different regulations imposed on tobacco products throughout American history, concluding that government regulators were never particularly serious about regulating tobacco products until the release of the 1964 Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health.  However, I point out that this Report was so obsessed with the health hazards of cigarettes that it actually had the unintended consequence of promoting In the long run the increased consumption of cigars. Today, health organizations show intense frustration with the FDA’s current refusal to regulate cigars, even though the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act gave the FDA regulatory jurisdiction over cigars. But applying a totality of circumstances test, looking at the politics, economics, and even the lack of enough credible health studies on cigars, I conclude, somewhat surprisingly, that there are very good reasons why the FDA should probably not at this time jump into the regulatory arena and impose the same sort of tough regulations on cigars as imposed on cigarettes.
Acute Limb Ischaemia Due to Focal Brachial Artery Aneurysms Complicating Brachiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula Ligation: Two Recent Case Reports
Authors: Bahia Sandeep S. , Tomei Francesca , Ozdemir Baris A. , Chemla Eric S.
Published: August 2014

Introduction

True brachial artery aneurysms are rare, typically occurring secondary to trauma. In this report, we describe two recent cases of patients who presented acutely with upper limb ischaemia due to brachial artery aneurysms. Both patients presented many years after brachiocephalic arteriovenous (AV) fistula ligation in the ipsilateral limb.

Report

Two male patients, aged 60 and 63 years, respectively, were seen acutely with symptoms of upper limb ischaemia. They had both undergone ligation of AV fistulae many years earlier having received functioning transplants. Subsequently, both patients were found to have true brachial artery aneurysms, which were bypassed in both instances using great saphenous vein grafts.

Discussion

Patients undergoing ligation of AV fistulae should receive interval surveillance imaging to detect potential aneurysmal dilatation of upper limb vessels. Little is known about the incidence of aneurysm formation after AV fistula ligation; given the increasing number of patients undergoing dialysis, and hence the burgeoning number of patients who may receive transplants, it is important that upper limb ischaemia is pre-empted by appropriate follow-up.
Defining Marriage
Authors: Forsyth Andrew
Published: August 2014

What is marriage? The U.S. Supreme Court's recent decisions on same-sex marriage beg the question for courtroom and public square alike. For Robert P. George—the intellectual leader of the fight against same-sex marriage—“marriage” only makes sense when it is “conjugal”: the comprehensive, bodily union of a man and a woman. I disagree. But I do so not on the hitherto standard “constructivist” basis that marriage is “just what we say it is” but in morally realistic terms George might recognize. I argue that multiple ends and norms—consent, property, friendship, and goods beyond the couple—better explain the institution than does George's unitary conjugal view.
Research Note: Corporate Social Responsibility and Equity Financing in the Global Tourism Industry
Authors: Feng Zhi-Yuan , Wang Ming-Long , Huang Hua-Wei
Published: August 2014

This paper examines whether the performance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects the cost of equity capital for the tourism industry, and whether there are any regional and cultural differences in this respect. Using data from a global sample of tourism-related firms, the authors find that, on average, CSR performance is associated with a lower cost of equity for firms in Western countries, but not for firms in Asian countries. The results suggest that there are different concerns with regard to CSR investment for tourism-related firms in different regions, due to the variations in investors' perceptions, culture, institutional environment and managerial beliefs.
IDEÓLOGOS BRASILEIROS NA FOLHA DE S. PAULO: ANÁLISES QUANTITATIVA E QUALITATIVA DE TEXTOS PUBLICADOS NO JORNAL DURANTE O ANO DE 2008
Authors: Valente Viana Arouche Patrício Tássia
Published: August 2014

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo fazer análises quantitativa e qualitativa dos textos publicados na Folhade S. Paulo em 2008 em que foram citados os ideólogos Caio Prado Jr., Sérgio Buarque de Holanda eGilberto Freyre. Aborda o jornalismo como campo social mediador de outros campos sociais. Trabalha ateoria da conotação e os mitos, a partir de Roland Barthes, para falar sobre a ideologia no discursojornalístico. Faz um levantamento de textos publicados e utiliza o método comparativo para analisá-los.Conclui comentando a permanência dos três autores na mídia impressa brasileira, mais precisamente naFolha de S. Paulo.
IMPRENSA FEMINISTA NO CONTEXTO DAS LUTAS DAS MULHERES: ATIVISMO MIDIÁTICO, CIDADANIA E NOVAS FORMAS DE RESISTÊNCIA
Authors: WOITOWICZ Karina Janz
Published: August 2014

Entender a mídia alternativa produzida pelo movimento feminista como um espaço de construção de discursos contra-hegemônicos e de identidades de resistência. Essa é a proposta do presente artigo, que parte de uma reflexão sobre os usos e as apropriações da comunicação no feminismo para demarcar alguns limites e contribuições da mídia nas disputas políticas travadas pelo movimento a partir dos anos 1990. Tendo como objeto quatro publicações periódicas editadas por organizações feministas no Brasil – os jornais Fêmea, do Centro Feminista de Estudos e Assessoria; Fazendo Gênero, do grupo Transas do Corpo; Jornal da Rede, da Rede Feminista de Saúde, Direitos Sexuais e Direitos Reprodutivos; e Folha Feminista, da Sempreviva Organização Feminista –, busca-se observar as orientações editoriais que marcam o discurso da mídia alternativa, bem como identificar temas, fontes, formatos e características presentes na imprensa feminista. No trabalho, são enfocadas as lutas que pautam a mídia feminista e as estratégias de comunicação que integram as ações do movimento, projetando identidades políticas e tematizando a cidadania feminina.
A FRAMING ANALYSIS DE GOFFMAN E SUA APLICAÇÃO NOS ESTUDOS EM COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Hangai Luis Antonio
Published: August 2014

O texto é uma resenha do livro "Os quadros da experiência social: uma perspectiva de análise", de Erving Goffman. A obra em inglês, publicada em 1974, ganhou versão para o português brasileiro somente em 2012 por meio da Editora Vozes. Nela o autor elabora a perspectiva metodológica do enquadramento – mais conhecida como framing analysis – que desencadeou uma série de mudanças no pensamento sociológico durante a segunda metade do século XX. Seus postulados influenciaram novas linhas de pesquisa em áreas diversas como a comunicação, mobilização social, arte e política.
AVALIAÇÃO DO TRATAMENTO PRESERVATIVO DE TALISCAS DE BAMBU COM ÁCIDO PIROLENHOSO
Authors: Beraldo Antonio Ludovico , Matsuoka Jessica Harue
Published: August 2014

A baixa resistência natural do bambu ao ataque de organismos xilófagos constitui uma das principais limitações ao seu pleno uso. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do ácido pirolenhoso no tratamento preservativo de taliscas de bambu-gigante contra fungos deterioradores. Para tal, foi realizado um ensaio de apodrecimento acelerado em laboratório com taliscas testemunhas (sem tratamento) e taliscas tratadas com o produto diluído em água fervente nas concentrações 0%, 5%, 10%, 20% e 30%, adotando-se tempos de imersão 15, 45, 90 e 180 minutos. As taliscas de bambu foram testadas após 6 e 16 semanas de exposição. Foram efetuadas inspeções visuais nas taliscas e aplicados ensaios não destrutivos de perda de massa e por ultrassom (6 e 16 semanas) e ensaios de flexão estática (após 16 semanas). Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios não destrutivos não evidenciaram o efeito dos fatores testados (tipo de solo, duração do tratamento e concentração da solução) nessas propriedades. A análise visual indicou apenas um ataque superficial nas taliscas, não evidenciando perda de massa. No ensaio de flexão estática, verificou-se o efeito favorável da duração do tratamento nos módulos de elasticidade (Em0) e de ruptura (MOR). O tipo de solo (natural ou estéril) não apresentou influência no módulo de elasticidade, enquanto que a concentração da solução não influenciou o módulo de ruptura.Palavras-chave: Bambu-gigante; biodeterioração; fungos deterioradores. AbstractEvaluation of preservative treatment of bamboo strips with pyroligneous acid. Bamboo presents a low natural resistance to decay, which constitutes one of the major limitations to its use. This study aims to evaluate pyroligneous acid effect against fungal bamboo deterioration through an accelerated laboratory decay with testing reference (without treatment) and treated specimens with the product diluted in boiling water at (0%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 30%) in different immersion times (15, 45, 90, and 180 minutes). Bamboo splits were evaluated after 6 and 16 weeks of exposure. Visual inspections and non-destructive tests (mass loss and ultrasound at 6 and 16 weeks) and bending (after 16 weeks) were applied to the bamboo strips. Results of the non-destructive tests did not allow to detect the effect of the factors (soil type, immersion time and solution concentration) on these properties. Only a superficial attack was observed by visual inspection, which did not denote mass loss. Immersion time shows a positive effect on modulus of elasticity (Em0) and on modulus of rupture (MOR). Moduli of elasticity and rupture were not influenced by soil type (sterile or natural), or by the concentration of the solution, respectively.Keywords: Giant bamboo; biodeterioration; fungi decay.
CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Eucalyptus grandis UTILIZANDO LODO DE ESGOTO, FIBRA DE COCO E PALHA DE CAFÉ IN NATURA
Authors: CALDEIRA MARCOS VINICIUS WINCKLER , Gonçalves Elzimar De Oliveira , Trazzi Paulo André , Delarmelina William Macedo , Rocha Rafael Luiz Frinhani
Published: August 2014

ResumoO presente estudo teve como objetivo testar a utilização de lodo de esgoto e resíduos orgânicos na composição de substratos para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. O experimento foi conduzido no Viveiro Florestal do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UFES, em Alegre, ES, constituindo-se de delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis repetições e 10 tratamentos: 100% LE, 80% LE + 20% FC, 60% LE + 40% FC, 40% LE + 60% FC, 20% LE + 80% FC, 80% LE + 20% PCN, 60% LE + 40% PCN, 40% LE + 60% PCN, 20% LE + 80% PCN, e uma testemunha 100% SC. Foram realizadas análises químicas e físicas dos tratamentos e aos 90 dias após a semeadura determinaram-se as características morfológicas das plantas. Os resultados indicaram que a densidade aparente, a porosidade total, a macro e microporosidade, o pH, a disponibilidade de água, K, P, Ca, Mg e sais solúveis foram influenciados pela maior ou menor proporção de lodo de esgoto, fibra de coco ou palha de café in natura. O tratamento 80% LE + 20% PCN apresentou os maiores valores de altura, diâmetro do coleto, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca radicular e massa seca total.Palavras-chave: Biossólido; fibras vegetais; eucalipto; características morfológicas. AbstractGrowth of seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis using sewage sludge, coconut fiber and straw of coffee in natura. The present study aimed to test the use of sewage sludge and organic waste in substrate composition for the production of seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. The experiment was conducted at the Forest Nursery Center for Agricultural Sciences UFES in Alegre, ES. It was developed in completely randomized design with six replications and 10 treatments 100% LE, 80% LE + 20% FC, 60% LE + 40% FC, 40% LE + 60% FC, 20% LE + 80% FC, 80% LE + 20% PCN, 60% LE + 40% PCN, 40% LE + 60% PCN, 20% LE + 80% PCN, and a witness 100 % SC. Analyses of chemical and physical treatments, and at 90 days after sowing we determined the morphological characteristics of the plants. The results indicated that bulk density, total porosity, macro and microporosity, pH, availability of water, K, P, Ca, Mg, and soluble salts were influenced by a greater or lesser proportion of sewage sludge, coir straw or fresh coffee. Treatment 80 % LE +20 % PCN presented the highest values of height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass.Keywords: Biosolids; plant fibers; eucalyptus; morphological characteristics.
EROSÃO HÍDRICA EM PLANTIO DE PINUS, EM ESTRADA FLORESTAL E EM CAMPO NATIVO
Authors: De Oliveira Luciane Costa , Bertol Ildegardis , Campos Mari Lucia , Mecabô Junior José
Published: August 2014

Santa Catarina é o terceiro exportador de produtos florestais, com 320 mil ha (11%) das florestas plantadas brasileiras. Somente na região de Lages, SC, existem 70 milhões de árvores de pinus plantadas, o que faz dessa região a terceira do mundo em área florestada com essa espécie, atrás de Finlândia e Suécia. O trabalho objetivou quantificar a erosão hídrica durante 17 meses (entre setembro de 2009 e janeiro de 2011), sob chuva natural, em reflorestamento de pinus com diferentes idades, em uma estrada de uso florestal e em campo nativo, no município de Campo Belo do Sul, SC, na empresa “Florestal Gateados” Ltda., em que a enxurrada foi coletada com uma Roda Coshocton. As perdas de água por escoamento superficial foram de 6 mm no pinus de três anos, de 13 mm no campo nativo, de 23 mm no pinus de 10 meses e 157 mm no pinus de 26 anos, consideradas muito baixas em relação à precipitação ocorrida no período experimental, que foi de 2.040 mm, enquanto que na estrada florestal as perdas de água foram de 928 mm, consideradas altas. Quanto às perdas de solo, elas foram de 8 kg.ha-1 no pinus de três anos, 28 kg.ha-1 no campo nativo, 40 kg.ha-1 no pinus de 26 anos e 74 kg.ha-1 no pinus de 10 meses, também consideradas muito baixas em relação à tolerância de perda de solo, enquanto que na estrada florestal as perdas de solo foram de 22.000 kg.ha-1, consideradas altas.Palavras-chave: Perdas de solo e água; Roda Coshocton; reflorestamentos. AbstractHidric erosion in pinus culture, in forestry road and native grassland. Santa Catarina is the third Brazilian state in exporting forestry products, with 320,000 hectares (11%) of Brazilian forests. Only in Lages there are 70 millions of pinus trees, and it is the third region with the greater density forested area in the world, just losing to Finland and Sweden. This research had as objective to quantify rainfall erosion during 17 months (from September, 2009 to January, 2011), under natural rain, in pinus reforestation areas with different ages, in a forestry road and natural grasslands, in Campo Belo do Sul/SC - Florestal Gateados Ltda., where the runoff was collected by Coshocton wheels. Water loss by runoff was 6 mm for three years-old pinus, 13 mm for natural grasslands, 23 mm for ten months-old pinus trees and 157 mm for 26 years-old pinus; all of them were considered small due to the rainfall which occurred during the experiment period (2.040 mm); however, in the forestry road, water loss was considered higher (928 mm). In relation to soil losses, those were 8 kg.ha-1 for three years-old pinus, 28 kg.ha-1 for natural grasslands, 40 kg.ha-1 for 26 years-old pinus and 74 kg.ha-1 for ten months-old pinus trees; all of them were considered small in relation to the tolerance of soil loss; however, in the forestry road, soil loss was considered higher (22.000 kg.ha-1).Keywords: Soil and water losses; Coshocton weels; reforestation.