bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular components of tumor microenvironment: understanding their role in lymphatic metastasis of tumors
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Li Zehui , Sun Xiangyu , Men Wanfu , Xu Yan
Published: December 2024

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death in cancer patients. Tumor cells primarily spread through the hematogenous and lymphatic system. The underlying mechanisms of hematogenous metastasis have been well described over the past few decades. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in lymphatic metastasis is still at an early stage. Tumor microenvironment (TME), primarily consisting of T cells, B cells, tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils, and cancer-associated fibroblasts, has been implicated in the development of lymphatic metastasis. Recent studies have been reported that the dynamic and complex interplay between these cellular components of TME has great effects on lymphatic metastasis. Here, we discussed the paradoxical roles of these cellular component within the TME during lymphatic metastasis, as well as potential therapeutic opportunities to re-educate these cells within the TME to have anti-tumorigenic effects.
Bibliometric analysis of nanotechnology in spinal cord injury: current status and emerging frontiers
Authors: Gu XiaoPeng , Zhang SongOu , Ma WeiHu
Published: December 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of nanotechnology on the treatment and recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI), a condition that has profound global effects on physical and psychological health.

Methods

We utilized the Web of Science Core Collection to obtain bibliometric data. With the tools such as VOSviewer and CiteSpace, we conducted a comprehensive review of 422 relevant publications to identify research trends and influential works in the field of nanotechnology applied to SCI.

Results

The analysis revealed significant contributions from both China, Sweden and the United States, and pinpointed inflammation, apoptosis, and nano-drug delivery as the primary areas of focus in current research, with emerging trends evident in recent literature.

Conclusion

Nanotechnology hold great potential to revolutionize the treatment of SCI through targeted therapeutics and modulation of pathological processes. This study provided valuable insights into the evolving landscape of SCI research, underscoring the importance of continuous innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration.
NGF-mediated crosstalk: unraveling the influence of metabolic deregulation on the interplay between neural and pancreatic cancer cells and its impact on patient outcomes
Authors: Trentini Francesca , Agnetti Virginia , Manini Martina , Giovannetti Elisa , Garajová Ingrid
Published: December 2024

Neural invasion is one of the most common routes of invasion in pancreatic cancer and it is responsible for the high rate of tumor recurrence after surgery and the pain generation associated with pancreatic cancer. Several molecules implicated in neural invasion are also responsible for pain onset including NGF belonging to the family of neutrophins. NGF released by cancer cells can sensitize sensory nerves which in turn results in severe pain. NGF receptors, TrkA and P75NTR, are expressed on both PDAC cells and nerves, strongly suggesting their role in neural invasion. The crosstalk between the nervous system and cancer cells has emerged as an important regulator of pancreatic cancer and its microenvironment. Nerve cells influence the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and these interactions are important for cancer metabolism reprogramming and tumor progression. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the interaction between nerves and pancreatic cancer cells and its impact on cancer metabolism.
Exploratory review on the effect of Astragalus mongholicus on signaling pathways
Authors: Xu Lou Inmaculada , Yu Xinyi , Chen Qilan
Published: December 2024

Background

Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae; Astragali radix] (AM), a traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) botanical drug, has been used for centuries and is gaining growing recognition in medical research for its therapeutic potential. The currently accepted scientific name is Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, with Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge recognized as a taxonomic synonym. This review explores the most relevant scientific studies on AM, focusing on its chemical composition, mechanisms of action, and associated health benefits.

Main body

AM is commonly used in clinical practice to treat diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, oncological processes, lipid metabolism disorders, and ulcerative colitis. Recent research has investigated its potential as a product for anti-aging purposes. These therapeutic effects are attributed to the interactions of bioactive metabolites such as Astragaloside IV, Formononetin, and polysaccharides, with various signaling pathways, leading to the activation or inhibition of gene expression. This review aims to map the signaling pathways affected by these metabolites and their effects on different pathologies. Studies suggest that these metabolites act on signaling pathways such as TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, RNA expression, and tumor receptors. However, further research is necessary to validate the findings in human trials with better methodological quality.

Conclusion

AM is rich in bioactive metabolites that interact with various signaling pathways, modulating diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, lipid metabolism disorders, and ulcerative colitis. Although promising, the majority of the studies are conducted in vitro and animal models, and more rigorous human trials are needed to determine the therapeutic potential of AM.
Safety of ACEI/ARB use in the early (<3 months) post kidney transplant period: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Dahai , Li Jin , Zeng Guanglan , Tang Maozhi
Published: December 2024

Background

Data about the safety of ACEI/ARB use in early (<3 months) posttransplant period are restricted and remain controversial.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis included searches of PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL from inception to 31 November 2023, for studies to compare the safety (transplant outcomes and postoperative complications) of ACEI/ARB with non-ACEI/ARB (other antihypertensive medications) initiation in early post kidney transplant period.

Results

Of 1,247 citations identified, 13 eligible studies involving 1919 patients were enrolled for analyses. In short- or long-term observations, there were no differences on pooled serum creatinine between ACEI/ARB and non-ACEI/ARB groups whether initiated within 1 or 1–3 months posttransplant, however, initiation of ACEI/ARB within the first month posttransplant had an advantage effect on the mean creatinine clearance. Early initiation of ACEI/ARB posttransplant reduced the risks of patient death (RR 0.60, p = 0.009) and graft loss (RR 0.54, p = 0.0002). For postoperative complications, there were no significant differences in acute rejection risk (RR 0.87, p = 0.58), delayed graft function risk (RR 1.00, p = 0.93), hemoglobin level (MD -0.32 mg/Dl, p = 0.46) or urinary protein excretion (MD -0.10 g/24 h, p = 0.16) between two groups. However, the ACEI/ARB group had higher incidence of hyperkalemia (RR 2.43, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Early initiation of ACEI/ARB within 3 months posttransplant proved to be basically safe and has renal function recovery benefits, however, hyperkalemia needs to be noted.
Potential of the CLARA test facility for VHEE radiotherapy research
Authors: Angal-Kalinin Deepa , Boogert Stewart , Jones James Kevin
Published: December 2024

The Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications (CLARA) is a test facility at the STFC Daresbury Laboratory, which is capable of delivering ultra-bright electron bunches of up to 250 MeV beam energy. A new beam line has been designed to maximise the exploitation of the CLARA facility in a variety of scientific fields, including novel acceleration and new modalities of radiotherapy. In this paper, we present the specification and design of this beam line to explore the possibilities of pursuing R&D in very high-energy electron (VHEE) radiotherapy and VHEE with FLASH radiotherapy. We describe the beam line design, including the flexibility of the beam optics to focus the beam in a range of locations and present results from preliminary start-to-end simulations using Monte Carlo tracking codes. We highlight advantages of this beam line, including rapid access to the shielded experimental hutch and the possibilities for the installation of different experimental setups in two dedicated chambers. The beam line includes focussing magnets, extensive diagnostics, and allows in-air installation within the experimental beam line. The facility will allow an experimental programme towards addressing many outstanding issues related to this new radiotherapy modality. We also describe the available flexibility in beam parameters for both conventional dose rates and those entering into the FLASH regime. The possibility of both living cells and treatment planning studies is anticipated to be conducted at this world-class facility.
Assessing different models to predict the growth and development of pepper plants under water deficits
Authors: Zhu Jun , Zhang Yuanda , Yang Guangxian , Liu Shuxian
Published: December 2024

To construct pepper development simulation models under drought, experiments of water capacities of 45–55%, 55–65%, 65–75% or 75–85% and exposure (2, 4, 6 or 8 d) (Exp. 1 & 2), of 50–60%, 60–70% or 70–80% and exposure (3, 5, and 7 d) (Exp. 3) were conducted with “Sanying” pepper. Physiological development time (PDT), product of thermal effectiveness and PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) (TEP) and growing degree days (GDD) were used to simulate growth under various treatments in Exp. 1. Plant development was influenced by the severity and drought duration. Mild water deficits (65–75% for 2–6 d or 55–65% for 2–4 d) accelerated development, while severe water deficits (65–75% for 8 d, 55–65% for 6–8 d or 45–55% for 2–8 d) delayed development. The PDT gave the highest coefficient of determination (R2, 0.89–0.94) and the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE, average of 1.03–1.50 d) and relative error (RE, average of 1.60–1.88%) for simulating three growth periods (Exp. 2). It was therefore used to construct growth models under water capacity of 45–85% over 2–8 d with spline, cubic, makima, linear, and nearest interpolation. Validation in Exp. 3 indicated that the spline model was optimal, having the highest R2 (0.96–0.97) and the lowest RMSE (average of 1.31–1.75 d) and RE (average of 1.18–2.06%). The results of the study can help producers to optimize water management and to develop drought strategies for production.
Simulating water and salt changes in the root zone of salt–alkali fragrant pear and the selection of the optimal surface drip irrigation mode
Authors: Li Yanjie , Gong Ping , He Xinlin , Liu Hongguang , Li Zhijie , Li Ling , Wang Chunxia , Xu Qiang , Chen Quan , Wei Jie , Lin Ping , Yu Xuyong
Published: December 2024

Faced with the increasingly serious problem of water scarcity, developing precise irrigation strategies for crops in saline alkali land can effectively reduce the negative effects of low water resource utilization. Using a model to simulate the dynamic changes in soil water and salt environment in the root zone of fragrant pear trees in saline alkali land, and verifying them from a production practice perspective with comprehensive benefits as the goal, can optimize the irrigation amount and irrigation technology elements of saline alkali fruit trees, broaden the comprehensive evaluation perspective of decision-makers, and have important significance for improving the yield and production efficiency of forestry and fruit industry in arid and semi-arid areas worldwide. In this study, a two-year field experiment based on three irrigation levels (3000, 3750, and 4500 m3·ha−1) and four emitter discharge rates (1, 2, 3, and 4 L·h−1) was conducted in Xinjiang, China. The root zone soil water content (SWC) and soil salinity content (SSC) dynamics were simulated during the fertility period of fragrant pear using the numerical model HYDRUS-2D and field data. The results showed that the R2, root mean squared error (RMSE), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) of the HYDRUS-2D simulated soil water content (SWC) (soil salinity content SSC) reached 0.89–0.97 (0.91–0.97), 0.02–0.16 cm3·cm-3 (0.22–1.54 g·kg−1), and 0.76–0.95 (0.68–0.96), respectively, indicating the strong performance of the model. A positive correlation was observed between the irrigation amount and soil infiltration depth. Moderately increasing irrigation amount could effectively leach soil salinity at a depth of 80–100 cm and maintain a water and salt environment in the main root zone of 0–80 cm, benefiting the growth and development of the main root system of fragrant pear, as well as the yield and quality of above-ground fruits. The irrigation amount and emitter discharge were optimized and quantified based on multi-objective optimization methods, normalization processing, and spatial analysis methods to maximize yield, fruit weight, soluble solids, and net profits. When the yield, fruit weight, soluble solids, and net profits simultaneously reached 90% of their maximum value, the irrigation amount and emitter discharge ranges were 4274–4297 m3·ha−1 and 3.79–3.88 L·h−1, respectively. Our study provides new insights into regulating soil water and salt environmental factors in the saline fragrant pear root zone and assessing the impact of soil water and salt management under precision irrigation strategies, and profoundly influences decision-making for irrigation of forest fruits in saline arid zones based on a production practice perspective.
Environmental determinants of intraspecific variation in five functional traits of Pinus yunnanensis Franch
Authors: Song Xinrui , Liu Ying , Yu Dongli , Li Shuting , Gao Wuchao , Zeng Hong , Cao Dongyu , Zhou Shixing , Cui Xinglei
Published: December 2024

Pinus yunnanensis Franch. is a native species in southwestern China, characterized by high polymorphism. However, the environmental drivers of intraspecific variation in its functional traits remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the relationships between five functional traits (bark thickness, tree height, leaf dry matter content, leaf length, and specific leaf area) and habitat conditions across 20 populations, representing three varieties: var. yunnanensis (the original variety), var. pygmaea, and var. tenuifolia. Our experiments aimed to determine whether the functional traits varied among the three varieties under different environmental conditions. As specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content showed no significant correlations with any environmental factors, we focused our analysis on the remaining three traits. Using random forest models, we assessed the significance of each environmental factor and found the following: Temperature seasonality was a key determinant of tree height; soil particle size (clay and sand) had the strongest influence on bark thickness; and for leaf length, precipitation during the driest quarter was the most important factor. These findings offer insights into the variation in functional traits of P. yunnanensis and enhance our understanding of its adaptation to diverse environments.
Toward workforce integration: enhancements in adaptive behaviors and social communication skills among autistic young adults following vocational training course
Authors: Lousky Yael , Selanikyo Efrat , Tubul-Lavy Gila , Ben-Itzchak Esther
Published: December 2024

Background

Cognitively able autistic adults demonstrate low rates of employment due to social and vocational challenges. The current study aimed to examine changes in various areas among autistic young adults who participated in the ‘Roim Rachok’ (‘Looking Ahead’ in Hebrew) Training Course (RRTC). The course prepares young autistic adults for integration into military service as vocational soldiers.

Methods

The study included 49 autistic participants who completed the RRTC in one of three vocational fields: Digital (n = 19), Technical (n = 9), and Visual (n = 21). Evaluations at the beginning and end of the course included adaptive behavior (Adaptive Behavior Assessment Scale 2nd Edition [ABAS-II]), autism symptom severity (Social Responsiveness Scale 2nd Edition [SRS-II]), and communication skills (Faux Pas; Empathy Quotient [EQ]; Friendship Quality Scale; Conversation task based on Yale in vivo Pragmatic Protocol [YiPP]).

Results

The results revealed a significant Time effect for the self-reported ABAS-II conceptual, social, and practical subdomains, EQ empathy quotient subdomain, Faux Pas, and SRS-II social communication interaction scores. Accordingly, participants reported increasing their adaptive skills, emotional empathy, and the ability to detect and interpret awkward statements, and decreased in their social communication interaction symptoms, following the RRTC. No significant Time x Group interaction was found for any of the examined measures, meaning similar trends were observed in all three vocational groups.

Conclusion

Following the RRTC, participants reported significant improvements in areas essential for their future integration as soldiers in the military and as employees in the vocational world. Implications of the study findings are discussed.
Psychiatric disorders in patients with benign and malignant sinonasal tumors: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhan Guang-Ye , Wang Hui-Fang , Wang Dong-Fang , Wen Yi-Hui , Zhong Hua , Wen Wei-Ping , Li Jian , Peng Liang
Published: December 2024

Objective

To assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in patients with benign and malignant sinonasal tumors.

Materials and methods

Pretreatment patients with sinonasal tumors were prospectively recruited on the rhinology ward of a tertiary hospital from July 2021 to March 2022. The electronic questionnaire which contains the rhinological symptom scale, the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) was filled out by patients at admission. The associations between the scores of symptom/SNOT-22 and psychometric tests were assessed by the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and simple linear regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the SNOT-22 score in predicting psychiatric disorders.

Results

Thirteen patients with benign sinonasal tumors and 15 patients with malignant sinonasal tumors were recruited. The benign and malignant groups did not differ significantly regarding symptomatology and mental wellbeing. Of the total patients, 9 were at risk of depression (PHQ-9 > 4), 10 were at risk of anxiety (GAD-7 > 4), 11 were at risk of insomnia (ISI > 7), and 11 were at risk of SSD (PHQ-15 > 4). The overall symptom, facial pain/pressure, postnasal drip, and SNOT-22 scores were positively associated with scores of psychometric tests. Patients with a high SNOT-22 score (>18) are likely to be affected by comorbid psychiatric disorders. When interpreting the results of this study, it should be noted that screening tools, not diagnostic tools, were used to identify psychiatric risk.

Conclusion

Depression, anxiety, insomnia, and SSD are prevalent in patients with sinonasal tumors. Otolaryngologists should have a low threshold to ask the patient about psychiatric symptoms, especially for patients with an SNOT-22 score > 18.
Overcoming mental health challenges in higher education: a narrative review
Authors: Hyseni Duraku Zamira , Davis Holly , Arënliu Aliriza , Uka Fitim , Behluli Vigan
Published: December 2024

Background

Mental health among higher education students is a critical public health concern, with numerous studies documenting its impact on student well-being and academic performance. However, comprehensive research on the factors contributing to mental health deterioration, including barriers to seeking psychological help, remains insufficient. Gathering evidence on this topic is crucial to advancing policies, advocacy, and improving mental health services in higher education.

Objective

This review explores the unique challenges faced by vulnerable student groups and highlights the factors influencing student well-being and academic engagement, including those exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The review also addresses barriers to accessing mental health services across various regions and provides evidence-informed recommendations for improving mental health policies and services in higher education, covering both well-researched and underexplored contexts.

Methods

This narrative review synthesizes findings from over 50 studies on mental health in higher education. A targeted search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus for studies published between 2013 and 2023. Data were analyzed through a deductive thematic content analysis approach, focusing on key predetermined themes related to student well-being, barriers to mental health services, and recommendations for policy improvements.

Results

Several factors influence the mental health of higher education students, with vulnerable groups—including women, minorities, socioeconomically disadvantaged, international, and first-year students—experiencing higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Factors that impact students’ well-being and academic performance include academic pressure, financial stress, lack of social support, isolation, trauma, lack of inclusive practices, and pandemic-related stressors. Institutional barriers, inconsistent well-being measures, data-sharing issues, and regulatory limitations hinder students’ access to mental health services, while stigma and lack of trust in mental health professionals impede care.

Conclusion

Improving mental health strategies in higher education requires enhancing mental health services, addressing socioeconomic inequalities, improving digital literacy, standardizing services, involving youth in service design, and strengthening research and collaboration. Future research should prioritize detailed intervention reports, cost analyses, diverse data integration, and standardized indicators to improve research quality and applicability.
Cognition in elite soccer players: a general model
Authors: Habekost Thomas , Ovesen Jacob , Madsen Jes Buster
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a general model of the cognitive processes involved in each play situation of soccer at the elite level. Theoretically the model draws on general frameworks from cognitive psychology and neuroscience, in particular the affordance competition hypothesis and the reward prediction error theory. The model includes three functional stages: situational assessment, action selection and execution, and outcome assessment. The three stages form a perception-action cycle that corresponds to a single play situation. The cognitive processes operating at each functional stage are described and related to soccer research by a review of 52 empirical studies. The review covers the main cognitive processes that have been studied in soccer research: visual orientation and attention, pattern recognition, anticipation, working memory, action selection and decision making, executive control processes, as well as behavioral and cognitive learning. The model accommodates the wide variety of findings in the empirical literature and provides a general organizing frame for cognitive soccer research at the elite level. The influence of emotional and stress-related factors on cognition are also discussed. Four general limitations of the existing soccer research are identified, and suggestions for future studies include development of more naturalistic and interventional study designs. By specifying the different cognitive processes in soccer and their dynamic interactions the model has many applied perspectives for soccer training at the professional level. Overall, the paper presents the first integrated process model of cognition in elite soccer players with implications for both research and practice.
Validation of the Turkish version of the Chronic Stress Scale: assessing social role-related stressors and their impact on psychopathology
Authors: Yapici Eser Hale , Ertuna Defne , Yalcinay-Inan Merve , Kurt Sabitay Imren , Balli Muhammed , Kilciksiz Can Misel , Kucuker Mehmet Utku , Kilic Ozge , Ercan A. Cenk , Guclu Oya , Aydemir Ömer
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Chronic social-role-related stress plays a crucial role in the development and progression of mental and medical disorders, making it an important factor to consider. This study aimed to translate and validate The Chronic Stress Scale (CSS) adapted by Turner for a Turkish population and explore its role in depression, anxiety, and perceived stress.

Methods

A total of 524 participants (mean age 31.59 years, 68% women) were recruited from Koç University and Basaksehir Cam Sakura City Hospitals, including 260 from the general population and 264 with depressive or anxiety disorders. The 51-item CSS was translated into Turkish and validated through reliability and validity analyses, including Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory factor analysis, and correlations with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14).

Results

The Turkish CSS showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90) and identified 13 dimensions of chronic stress (partner, children, work, loneliness, finances, workload, debt, relationship inoccupancy, family health, residence, family, ex-partner, and others). Dimensions were named based on the content of the items included. Significant correlations were found between CSS and BDI (r = 0.611, p < 0.001), BAI (r = 0.558, p < 0.001), and PSS-14 (r = 0.222, p < 0.001). Discriminant validity revealed significant score differences between clinical and general populations.

Conclusion

The Turkish CSS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing chronic social role-related stressors, supporting its use for both research and practice.
The relationship between parental smartphone dependence and elementary students’ internet addiction during the COVID-19 lockdown in China: the mediating role of parent–child conflict and the moderating role of parental roles
Authors: Long Chunlan , Liu Junjie , Wu Yupan , Liu Siyang
Published: December 2024

During the COVID-19 lockdown in China, the shift of family members’ work and study to online platforms accelerated internet proliferation and led to a growing prominence of internet addiction among younger age groups, posing a threat to individual and societal health development. Previous research has primarily focused on upper-grade elementary students, with relatively less attention given to younger age groups, resulting in insufficient representativeness of the elementary student samples. Additionally, research exploring how parental addictive behaviors are associated with the mechanisms of internet addiction among elementary students has been limited, which affects the development of scientifically based and effective intervention measures for addressing internet addiction in this population. This study, grounded in Family Systems Theory, explores the associative mechanisms between parental smartphone dependence and elementary students’ internet addiction, specifically examining the mediating role of parent–child conflict and the moderating role of parental roles. Using a convenience sampling method, questionnaires were administered to parents from two elementary schools, resulting in 433 valid responses. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that parental smartphone dependence is associated with elementary students’ internet addiction and that this association is further influenced by the mediating role of parent–child conflict. Additionally, parental roles moderate the relationships between parental smartphone dependence and parent–child conflict, as well as between parent–child conflict and elementary students’ internet addiction. Compared to mothers, fathers’ smartphone dependence is more significantly correlated with parent–child conflict, and conflicts initiated by fathers are more strongly associated with elementary students’ internet addiction. This may be related to China’s traditional “male breadwinner, female homemaker” family culture. Mothers typically assume more parenting responsibilities and establish closer emotional bonds with their children, serving as a protective factor against internet addiction. Therefore, it is recommended that parents reduce smartphone dependence to avoid parent–child conflicts, and that fathers increase their involvement in parenting activities to build stronger emotional connections with their children, thereby fostering healthier internet use behaviors among elementary students. The findings provide valuable insights for developing effective family-based interventions to address internet addiction in children.
Mindfulness and CBT: a conceptual integration bridging ancient wisdom and modern cognitive theories of psychopathology
Authors: Beshai Shadi
Published: December 2024

With the rapid expansion of mindfulness and its incorporation into the “third wave” of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), there has been evident confusion about what mindfulness is and how it relates to this broader category of interventions. In this article, I define mindfulness and CBT, and differentiate them while highlighting their substantial overlap. Specifically, I discuss the Buddhist Psychological Model and how it relates to the foundational cognitive model, demonstrating the common threads that run across these seemingly disparate philosophies. I use depression throughout as the exemplar disorder through which these connections are highlighted. This is all in the hope of helping clinicians and scientists see the common ground across these modalities and comprehend how and why mindfulness has come to be associated with the “third wave” of CBT. Ultimately, the aim of this brief article is to showcase the breadth of CBT, its concordance with ancient philosophical thought and wisdom, and to demonstrate why mindfulness has been and continues to be effectively integrated into CBT to address a wide range of mental health concerns and fortify efforts toward wellbeing.
Retrospective evaluation of novel serum inflammatory biomarkers in first-episode psychiatric disorders: diagnostic potential and immune dysregulation
Authors: Qiu Min , Zhang Chenkai , Zhang Haiqing , Chen Hao , Lei Yingjia , Li Ping , Zhang Shaochuan
Published: December 2024

Background

This study assessed the diagnostic capabilities of eight inflammatory biomarkers in first-episode schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and depression (D), examining their differential expression across these psychiatric disorders. The markers studied include neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), lymphocytes/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (LHR), monocytes/HDL ratio (MHR), neutrophils/HDL ratio (NHR), and platelets/HDL ratio (PHR).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study involving 335 individuals with SCZ, 68 with BD, 202 with D, and 282 healthy controls (C) to evaluate hematologic parameters from untreated patients and controls.

Results

Significant differences in biomarker levels were found between patient groups and controls. Logistic regression analysis indicated that NHR and MHR (p < 0.001), as well as LHR and NLR (p < 0.01), were predictive factors for SCZ. MHR was a predictive factor for BD (p < 0.05). NHR (p < 0.01) and MHR (p < 0.001) were predictive factors for distinguishing between D and C. The area under the curve (AUC) value of the NHR + MHR + NLR composite index model for the SCZ group was 0.846 (p < 0.001). In the BD group, the AUC value for the MHR was 0.816 (p < 0.001). The D group’s combined AUC value of NHR + MHR was 0.824 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study highlights the diagnostic value of inflammatory biomarkers in distinguishing SCZ, BD, and D based on their differential expression.
New eye tracking metrics system: the value in early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Wang Raymond Kong , Kwong Kenneth , Liu Kevin , Kong Xue-Jun
Published: December 2024

Background

Eye tracking (ET) is emerging as a promising early and objective screening method for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but it requires more reliable metrics with enhanced sensitivity and specificity for clinical use.

Methods

This study introduces a suite of novel ET metrics: Area of Interest (AOI) Switch Counts (ASC), Favorable AOI Shifts (FAS) along self-determined pathways, and AOI Vacancy Counts (AVC), applied to toddlers and preschoolers diagnosed with ASD. The correlation between these new ET metrics and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) scores via linear regression and sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off scores were assessed to predict diagnosis.

Results

Our findings indicate significantly lower FAS and ASC and higher AVC (P<0.05) in children with ASD compared to their non-ASD counterparts within this high-risk cohort; the significance was not seen in total fixation time neither pupil size (p > 0.05). Furthermore, FAS was negatively correlated with ADOS-2 total scores and social affect (SA) subscale (p < 0.05). Among these new ET metrics, AVC yielded the best sensitivity 88-100% and specificity 80-88% with cut off score 0.305-0.306, followed by FAS and ASC to separate ASD from non-ASD for diagnosis.

Conclusions

This study confirms the utility of innovative ET metrics—FAS, AVC, and ASC—which exhibit markedly improved sensitivity and specificity, enhancing ASD screening and diagnostic processes.
Effects of smoking cessation on individuals with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Zihan , Qiu Yifan , Ji Xiang , Dong Liang
Published: December 2024

Objective

Despite smoking being a significant risk factor in the occurrence and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), no comprehensive analysis has been conducted to determine the potential benefits of smoking cessation for patients with established COPD or identify specific indicators that may be improved. The aim of our meta-analysis was to elucidate the positive impact of smoking cessation on COPD.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang and VIP databases to identify studies that met our eligibility criteria from inception up to 1, May 2024. Data were extracted independently by two authors and pooled using a random-effects model. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results

Preliminary screening of publications gave a total of 13,460 documents after which the repetitive and non-compliant studies were removed. Eventually, 11 studies were included for follow-up analysis. The pooled results showed that cessation of smoking produced significant improvements in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)% predicted (MD = 6.72, 95% CI, 4.55–8.89, P < 0.001; I2 = 53%), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (MD = 6.82, 95% CI, 5.09-8.54, P < 0.001; I2 = 0%), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) (MD = −0.49, 95% CI, −0.95–−0.02, P = 0.040; I2 = 73%), 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) (MD = 64.46, 95% CI 14.60-114.32, P = 0.010; I2 = 94%), partial oxygen pressure (MD = 1.96, 95% CI, 1.03-2.89, P < 0.001; I2 = 0%), mortality (RR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.56-1.00, P = 0.05; I2 = 44%).

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis presented suggestive evidence that smoking cessation offered significant benefits to COPD patients, notably in the improvement of specific key indicators of pulmonary function (FEV1% predicted, FEV1/FVC), alleviating symptoms, enhancing exercise tolerance, and could reduce mortality.

PROSPERO registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022384123.
Depression in middle-aged and older adults with hearing loss: the use and construction of a nomogram tool
Authors: Liu Qiankun , Zhou Zhongtao , Xu Yang , Pang Jiaxue , Zeng Chunlu , Ma Xiaoqing , Li Pengyao , Li Ma , Huang Juju , Xie Hui
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aims to explore the influencing factors of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adult patients with hearing loss and to construct a nomogram risk prediction model.

Methods

A total of 2,729 middle-aged and older adult patients with hearing loss from the community were selected as the study subjects. Single-factor and multifactorial stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to screen influencing factors. Based on these predictive factors, a nomogram prediction model was constructed. The model’s efficacy was validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and 1,000 bootstrap resamples.

Results

Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that age, gender, pain, cognitive abilities, daily living abilities, sleep duration, and self-rated health status are the main influencing factors for depressive symptoms. Based on these factors, the constructed nomogram model demonstrated good calibration (χ2 = 3.367, p = 0.909), with an AUC value of 0.741 (95% CI: 0.723–0.759), and a sensitivity of 0.683, showing good discriminative ability and accuracy.

Conclusion

The incidence of depressive symptoms is relatively high among middle-aged and older adult individuals with hearing loss. The model developed in this study can effectively identify middle-aged and older adult patients with hearing loss who are at risk of depressive symptoms. This provides strong empirical support for the early detection, diagnosis, and intervention of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adult patients with hearing loss.
Research on the innovation of early warning mechanisms of major public health emergencies for poverty alleviation and marginal populations: a case study of Fujian Province
Authors: Huang Haitang , Teng Jianlun , Li Qingshui
Published: December 2024

Poverty alleviation is critical for sustainable development. Establishing a major public health emergency warning and prevention mechanism for poverty alleviation and marginal populations can effectively determine the overall risk situation and primary risk components in diverse regions. It is conducive to formulate specific policies for risk prevention and control of public health emergencies to prevent the occurrence of poverty relapses. Expert evaluation method is used to grade the risk impact and risk probability. Combined with the Borda ordinal value method to rank the importance of risk factors, a judgment matrix is constructed. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method is used to determine the weight of the risk module. And the impact risk of major health emergencies on poverty alleviation and marginal populations is comprehensively evaluated based on the quantified value of the risk impact level. The results indicate that the production and operation risks and unemployment risks in the case area have a relatively significant impact on poverty alleviation and marginal populations. Different regional government forces and regional economic development characteristics may also form different risk weights. Therefore, risk warning models should match government development and regional development goals and be established based on the characteristics of different regions. Effective risk control mechanisms and policies can only be developed based on the characteristics and behavioral traits of different populations in the region.
The impact of the development level of rural e-commerce on the depressive symptoms among rural older adult individuals
Authors: Xie Xiaofeng , Wei Siying , Zhu Ling , Gan Xiaoting , He Yong , Wang Rui
Published: December 2024

Background

In the context of China, where the demographic trend of population aging intertwines with the rapid advancement of information digitalization, rural older adult individuals, who are part of a vulnerable population, are witnessing a deteriorating depression status. The proliferation of rural e-commerce, which fuels the digital economic revolution in rural areas, is concurrently affecting the depressive symptoms among rural older adult individuals.

Methods

This study uses longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and applies a multi-period Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to explore how rural e-commerce affects the depressive symptoms among rural older adult individuals.

Results

The findings indicate that the development of rural e-commerce can indeed improve the depressive symptoms among rural older adult individuals, with a particularly pronounced effect on those residing in the eastern and central regions of China, as well as those who do not live with their children. The mechanism analysis indicates that e-commerce improves depressive symptoms among rural older adult individuals by enhancing social interaction frequency and increasing financial support by children.

Conclusion

Based on these insights, we recommend a targeted approach to implementing e-commerce policies in rural areas, focusing on innovative methods to improve the depressive symptoms among rural older adult individuals.
Reimagining hospital management: the balanced scorecard as a catalyst for employee retention and organizational excellence
Authors: Guo Feng , Huang Ying Sophie , Nemoto Moeki
Published: December 2024

Employee turnover in healthcare institutions is a critical issue affecting both quality of care and organizational costs. This study examines the potential impact of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a communication tool on employee turnover rates in a Japanese hospital setting. A case study of Bethlehem Garden Hospital in Tokyo, Japan, was conducted to examine turnover rates before and after the implementation of BSC. The study also compares these rates to industry averages in Japan and the United States. The results show a significant reduction in turnover rates from 23.6% in 2015 to 3.4% in 2023 following the implementation of BSC, which is lower than both national and international industry averages. This reduction corresponded with increased employee engagement scores. The study suggests that the BSC when effectively implemented and communicated, can help reduce turnover by improving organizational alignment, employee engagement, and trust. Although the single case study design limits generalizability, these findings provide valuable insights into the potential of BSC as a strategic tool for addressing turnover in healthcare settings. Future research directions are suggested to validate these findings further in diverse healthcare environments.
Endocrine disruptors and bladder function: the role of phthalates in overactive bladder
Authors: Liu Li , Li Xia , Hao Xuexue , Xu Zhunan , Wang Qihua , Ren Congzhe , Li Muwei , Liu Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2024

Background

Phthalates, widely used as plasticizers, are pervasive environmental contaminants and endocrine disruptors. Their potential role in overactive bladder (OAB) pathogenesis is underexplored, necessitating further investigation into their impact on OAB using large-scale epidemiological data.

Methods

This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2011 to 2018. A weighted multivariable logistic regression model was employed to examine the relationship between urinary phthalate concentrations and OAB. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore differences in associations across various subgroups. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to investigate the potential non-linear relationship between urinary phthalate concentrations and OAB. Additionally, Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) analysis was performed to explore the overall effects and interactions of phthalate mixtures.

Results

In the multivariable logistic regression model fully adjusted for confounding variables, higher concentrations of MBzP and MiBP were associated with an increased risk of OAB, particularly in the highest tertiles (MBzP: OR = 1.401, 95% CI: 1.108–1.771; MiBP: OR = 1.050, 95% CI: 1.045–1.056). Subgroup analysis found that subgroup characteristics did not have a significant moderating effect on the association between phthalates and OAB. RCS analysis revealed a linear relationship between both MBzP and MiBP and OAB. BKMR analysis confirmed a positive overall effect of phthalate mixtures on OAB risk, with MBzP identified as the major contributing factor.

Conclusion

In our study cohort, a positive correlation between urinary phthalate concentrations and OAB was observed, necessitating further research to validate and refine this conclusion.
Food insecurity among displaced populations in Armenia during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Authors: Majnoonian Araz , Tamamian Carine , Ovanesian Musheh , Al-Rousan Tala
Published: December 2024

Background

The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict resulted in displacement of approximately 90,000 ethnic Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities in the region. This study investigated food insecurity among displaced populations and host communities in Armenia during the conflict.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data obtained from the 2020 REACH ARM Database Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA), which was conducted across six Armenian provinces. The original data collection was designed to assess humanitarian needs in Armenia in the aftermath of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In this analysis, we examined the associations between displacement status and two outcomes of interest: the household’s ability to purchase food and reduced portion sizes. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed for each food security outcome.

Results

The study sample included 1,309 households, with most male heads (68.1%), an age distribution mostly under 50 years (81.2%), a majority having general education (55.7%) and higher education (22.8%), and 74.0% not employed. 134 households (10.2%) were displaced and staying in collective centers, 658 households (50.3%) were displaced and staying with family or friends, and 517 households (39.5%) that were not displaced but hosting displaced people. Displaced individuals staying in collective centers had 3.89 times higher odds of reporting a reduced ability to purchase food compared to non-displaced individuals (aOR: 3.89, CI: 2.396.45). Additionally, displaced individuals staying with friends or family had 2.5 times higher odds of experiencing food purchasing difficulties (aOR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.87–3.42). Households in debt and those with children and lactating women also faced higher food insecurity risks. Similarly, displaced individuals in collective centers had 1.94 times the odds of reducing portion sizes (aOR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.12–3.29). Female-headed households and households with lactating women also experienced higher rates of portion size reduction, while higher-income households were less likely to face such issues.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the critical need for targeted humanitarian interventions to address food insecurity among displaced populations in conflict settings. Displaced individuals, especially those in collective centers, faced higher risks of food insecurity, compounded by household vulnerabilities such as debt, children, and lactating women. Female-headed households were particularly affected, necessitating gender-sensitive humanitarian interventions.