bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Omics Analysis of Glioblastoma Cells’ Sensitivity to Oncolytic Viruses
Authors: Lipatova Anastasiya V. , Soboleva Alesya V. , Gorshkov Vladimir A. , Bubis Julia A. , Solovyeva Elizaveta M. , Krasnov George S. , Kochetkov Dmitry V. , Vorobyev Pavel O. , Ilina Irina Y. , Moshkovskii Sergei A. , Kjeldsen Frank , Gorshkov Mikhail V. , Chumakov Peter M. , Tarasova Irina A.
Published: October 2021

Oncolytic viruses have gained momentum in the last decades as a promising tool for cancer treatment. Despite the progress, only a fraction of patients show a positive response to viral therapy. One of the key variable factors contributing to therapy outcomes is interferon-dependent antiviral mechanisms in tumor cells. Here, we evaluated this factor using patient-derived glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cultures. Cell response to the type I interferons’ (IFNs) stimulation was characterized at mRNA and protein levels. Omics analysis revealed that GBM cells overexpress interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and upregulate their proteins, similar to the normal cells. A conserved molecular pattern unambiguously differentiates between the preserved and defective responses. Comparing ISGs’ portraits with titration-based measurements of cell sensitivity to a panel of viruses, the “strength” of IFN-induced resistance acquired by GBM cells was ranked. The study demonstrates that suppressing a single ISG and encoding an essential antiviral protein, does not necessarily increase sensitivity to viruses. Conversely, silencing IFIT3 and PLSCR1 genes in tumor cells can negatively affect the internalization of vesicular stomatitis and Newcastle disease viruses. We present evidence of a complex relationship between the interferon response genes and other factors affecting the sensitivity of tumor cells to viruses.
The Continuum of Thyroid Disorders Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Still Many Pending Queries
Authors: Deligiorgi Maria V. , Sagredou Sofia , Vakkas Lampros , Trafalis Dimitrios T.
Published: October 2021

Background: Until more data are available to shed light on the thyroid disorders related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) implemented for the treatment of hematological malignancies, the decision-making is guided by pertinent data derived mostly from solid tumors. Methods: The present review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the thyroid disorders related to ICPi, namely to inhibitors of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death (PD) 1 (PD-1), and the ligand of the latter (PD-L1). Results: With the increasing recognition of ir thyroid disorders, many outstanding issues have emerged. Ir thyroid disorders are reminiscent of, but not identical to, thyroid autoimmunity. Interclass and intraclass ICPi differences regarding thyroid immunotoxicity await interpretation. The available data concerning the predictive value of thyroid autoantibodies for the development of ir thyroid disorders are inconclusive. Mounting data indicate an association of ir thyroid disorders with ICPi efficacy, but a causative link is still lacking. The path forward is a tailored approach, entailing: (i) the validation of tumor-specific, patient-specific, and ICPi-specific predictive factors; (ii) appropriate patient selection; (iii) the uncoupling of antitumor immunity from immunotoxicity; (iv) a multidisciplinary initiative; and (v) global registry strategies. Conclusions: Untangling and harnessing the interrelationship of immuno-oncology with endocrinology underlying the ir thyroid disorders will yield the optimal patient care.
Sulfatase-2 Regulates Liver Fibrosis through the TGF-β Signaling Pathway
Authors: Nakamura Ikuo , Asumda Faizal Z. , Moser Catherine D. , Kang Yoo Na N. , Lai Jin-Ping , Roberts Lewis R.
Published: October 2021

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which drive liver fibrosis via the production and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). We aimed to elucidate the mechanistic role of sulfatase-2 (SULF2) in liver fibrosis. To this end, we induced liver fibrosis in wild-type (WT) and SULF2 knockout (Sulf2-KO) mice (6–8 weeks-old) via bile duct ligation (BDL), intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or thioacetamide (TAA). The levels of fibrosis in the liver sections were assessed via Sirius red and Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and hydroxyproline. To evaluate the interaction between TGF-β and SULF2, we transfected human HSCs with scrambled control shRNA and shRNA constructs targeting SULF2 and measured α-SMA expression following treatment with TGF-β1 ligand. We show here that knockout of SULF2 significantly decreases collagen content, as well as bands of bridging fibrosis, as demonstrated by Sirius red, Masson’s trichrome and α-SMA staining after BDL, CCl4 and TAA injection in Sulf2-KO versus WT mice. In all three models of liver fibrosis, we observed significantly lower levels of hydroxyproline in the Sulf2-KO mice compared to the WT mice. HSCs with reduced levels of SULF2 failed to significantly express α-SMA and collagen type I following treatment with TGF-β1. Furthermore, SULF2 co-localizes with TGFBR3 and the in vitro knockdown of SULF2 in HSCs decreases the release of TGF-β1 from TGFBR3. Together, these data suggest that SULF2 regulates liver fibrosis via the TGF-β signaling pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of SULF2 may represent a novel therapeutic approach to improve liver fibrosis.
New Developments in the Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Targeting, and Treatment of H3K27M-Mutant Diffuse Midline Glioma
Authors: Argersinger Davis P. , Rivas Sarah R. , Shah Ashish H. , Jackson Sadhana , Heiss John D.
Published: October 2021

H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are rare childhood central nervous system tumors that carry a dismal prognosis. Thus, innovative treatment approaches are greatly needed to improve clinical outcomes for these patients. Here, we discuss current trends in research of H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma. This review highlights new developments of molecular pathophysiology for these tumors, as they relate to epigenetics and therapeutic targeting. We focus our discussion on combinatorial therapies addressing the inherent complexity of treating H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas and incorporating recent advances in immunotherapy, molecular biology, genetics, radiation, and stereotaxic surgical diagnostics.
Relationship between the Risk of Gastric Cancer and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet According to Different Estimators. MCC—Spain Study
Authors: Álvarez-Álvarez Laura , Vitelli-Storelli Facundo , Rubín-García María , Aragonés Nuria , Ardanaz Eva , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Obón-Santacana Mireia , Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , Salas-Trejo Dolores , Tardón Adonina , Moleón José Juan Jiménez , Alguacil Juan , Chirlaque María Dolores , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz , Pollán Marina , Kogevinas Manolis , Martín Vicente
Published: October 2021

The aim was to assess the effect of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, measured with five different indexes, on the risk of gastric cancer. Data come from the multicase-control study MCC—Spain, which included 354 gastric cancer cases and 3040 controls with data on diet. We used five indexes to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean diet and assess the association between each pattern with the risk of gastric cancer, using multivariate logistic regression. The analyses were performed for the whole set of gastric cancer cases, by anatomical location (cardia and non-cardia) and by histological type (intestinal and diffuse). According to the used index, a high adherence protects one from gastric cancer (between 48% (aOR = 0.52; CI 95% = 0.28–0.94) and 75% (aOR = 0.25; CI 95% = 0.12–0.52)), from non-cardia (between 48% (aOR = 0.52; CI 95% = 0.36–0.75) and 65% (aOR = 0.35; CI 95% = 0.23–0.52)), and from the intestinal type (between 41% (aOR = 0.59; CI 95% = 0.36–0.95) and 72% (aOR = 0.28; CI 95% = 0.16–0.50)), but not from the diffuse type. In conclusion, high adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern is a protective factor for the risk of gastric cancer, with greater adherence leading to greater protection.
COVID-19 Presentation and Outcomes among Cancer Patients: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Péron Julien , Dagonneau Tristan , Conrad Anne , Pineau Fanny , Calattini Sara , Freyer Gilles , Perol David , Sajous Christophe , Heiblig Maël
Published: October 2021

It has been suggested that cancer patients are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and at higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease and fatality. This study’s objectives were to measure the excess risk of mortality and morbidity of patients with cancer among patients hospitalized for a SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to identify factors associated with the risk of death and morbidity among cancer patients. All first cancer patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the two main hospitals of the Lyon area were included. These patients were matched based on age, gender, and comorbidities with non-cancer control patients. A total of 108 cancer patients and 193 control patients were included. The severity at admission and the symptoms were similar between the two groups. The risk of early death was higher among cancer patients, while the risk of intubation, number of days with oxygen, length of stay in ICU, and length of hospital stay were reduced. The main factors associated with early death among cancer patients was the severity of COVID-19 and the number of previous chemotherapy lines. The outcomes appear to be driven by the severity of the infection and therapeutic limitations decided at admission.
The Risk of Malignancies in Celiac Disease—A Literature Review
Authors: Pelizzaro Filippo , Marsilio Ilaria , Fassan Matteo , Piazza Francesco , Barberio Brigida , D’Odorico Anna , Savarino Edoardo V. , Farinati Fabio , Zingone Fabiana
Published: October 2021

Celiac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Considering that CeD affects approximately 1% of the Western population, it may be considered a global health problem. In the large majority of cases, CeD has a benign course, characterized by the complete resolution of symptoms and a normal life expectancy after the beginning of a gluten-free-diet (GFD); however, an increased risk of developing malignancies, such as lymphomas and small bowel carcinoma (SBC), has been reported. In particular, enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), a peculiar type of T-cell lymphoma, is characteristically associated with CeD. Moreover, the possible association between CeD and several other malignancies has been also investigated in a considerable number of studies. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge about the associations between CeD and cancer, focusing in particular on EATL and SBC, two rare but aggressive malignancies.
REV1 Inhibition Enhances Radioresistance and Autophagy
Authors: Ikeh Kanayo E. , Lamkin Erica N. , Crompton Andrew , Deutsch Jamie , Fisher Kira J. , Gray Mark , Argyle David J. , Lim Won Y. , Korzhnev Dmitry M. , Hadden M. Kyle , Hong Jiyong , Zhou Pei , Chatterjee Nimrat
Published: October 2021

Cancer therapy resistance is a persistent clinical challenge. Recently, inhibition of the mutagenic translesion synthesis (TLS) protein REV1 was shown to enhance tumor cell response to chemotherapy by triggering senescence hallmarks. These observations suggest REV1’s important role in determining cancer cell response to chemotherapy. Whether REV1 inhibition would similarly sensitize cancer cells to radiation treatment is unknown. This study reports a lack of radiosensitization in response to REV1 inhibition by small molecule inhibitors in ionizing radiation-exposed cancer cells. Instead, REV1 inhibition unexpectedly triggers autophagy, which is a known biomarker of radioresistance. We report a possible role of the REV1 TLS protein in determining cancer treatment outcomes depending upon the type of DNA damage inflicted. Furthermore, we discover that REV1 inhibition directly triggers autophagy, an uncharacterized REV1 phenotype, with a significant bearing on cancer treatment regimens.
Absolute and Relative Handgrip Strength as Indicators of Self-Reported Physical Function and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors: The EFICAN Study
Authors: Esteban-Simón Alba , Díez-Fernández David M. , Artés-Rodríguez Eva , Casimiro-Artés Miguel Á. , Rodríguez-Pérez Manuel A. , Moreno-Martos Herminia , Casimiro-Andújar Antonio J. , Soriano-Maldonado Alberto
Published: October 2021

Background: Although breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent type of cancer in the world, its high survival rate implies that many people live long after the treatments and face their side effects. The physical function (PF) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people surviving BC decreases significantly, which makes important to identify markers that may be associated with a better health status and prognosis. Previous studies suggest that handgrip strength (HGS) and HGS relative to the body mass index (rHGS) are good indicators of PF and HRQoL in different populations. However, it is unknown whether this applies to BC survivors. This study aimed to evaluate the association of HGS and rHGS with PF and HRQoL in this population. Methods: Sixty female BC survivors participated. Handgrip strength was assessed with a dynamometer. Arm volume was estimated and upper limb impairments, as well as cancer-related fatigue, depression, life satisfaction and HRQoL, were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Results: Higher levels of HGS and rHGS were associated with higher levels of HRQoL, lower cancer-related fatigue, and fewer problems with the affected arm. Conclusions: These results suggest that HGS may be a good indicator of self-reported PF and HRQoL in female BC survivors.
Tumor Size >5 cm and Harvested LNs <12 Are the Risk Factors for Recurrence in Stage I Colon and Rectal Cancer after Radical Resection
Authors: Jung Hye-Sol , Ryoo Seung-Bum , Lim Han-Ki , Kim Min Jung , Moon Sang Hui , Park Ji Won , Jeong Seung-Yong , Park Kyu Joo
Published: October 2021

Recurrence can still occur even after radical resection of stage I colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify subgroups with a high risk for recurrence in the stage I CRC. We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data of 1952 patients with stage I CRC after radical resection between 2002 and 2017 at our institute. 1398 (colon, 903 (64.6%), rectum, 495 (35.4%)) were eligible for analysis. We analyzed the risk factors for recurrence and survival. During the follow-up period (median: 59 months), 63 (4.6%) had a recurrence. The recurrence rate of rectal cancer was significantly higher than that of colon cancer (8.5% vs. 2.3%). Left-sided tumors, T2, tumor size >5 cm, and lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors of colon cancer recurrence. Male, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ≥2.5 ng/mL, and harvested lymph nodes (LNs) <12 were independently associated with recurrence of rectal cancer. Recurrence affected OS (5-year OS: 97.1% vs. 67.6%). Despite curative resection, survival sharply decreased with recurrence. The risk factors for recurrence were different between colon and rectal cancer. Patients with a higher risk for recurrence should be candidates for more aggressive surveillance, even in early-stage CRC.
Key Regulators of Autophagosome Closure
Authors: Jiang Wenyan , Chen Xuechai , Ji Cuicui , Zhang Wenting , Song Jianing , Li Jie , Wang Juan
Published: October 2021

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, in which cytoplasmic components are sequestered within double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes and then transported into lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. Over 40 conserved autophagy-related (ATG) genes define the core machinery for the five processes of autophagy: initiation, nucleation, elongation, closure, and fusion. In this review, we focus on one of the least well-characterized events in autophagy, namely the closure of the isolation membrane/phagophore to form the sealed autophagosome. This process is tightly regulated by ESCRT machinery, ATG proteins, Rab GTPase and Rab-related proteins, SNAREs, sphingomyelin, and calcium. We summarize recent progress in the regulation of autophagosome closure and discuss the key questions remaining to be addressed.
Calsequestrin 1 Is an Active Partner of Stromal Interaction Molecule 2 in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Jeong Seung Yeon , Oh Mi Ri , Choi Jun Hee , Woo Jin Seok , Lee Eun Hui
Published: October 2021

Calsequestrin 1 (CASQ1) in skeletal muscle buffers and senses Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). CASQ1 also regulates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) by binding to stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). Abnormal SOCE and/or abnormal expression or mutations in CASQ1, STIM1, or STIM2 are associated with human skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscle diseases. However, the functional relevance of CASQ1 along with STIM2 has not been studied in any tissue, including skeletal muscle. First, in the present study, it was found by biochemical approaches that CASQ1 is bound to STIM2 via its 92 N-terminal amino acids (C1 region). Next, to examine the functional relevance of the CASQ1-STIM2 interaction in skeletal muscle, the full-length wild-type CASQ1 or the C1 region was expressed in mouse primary skeletal myotubes, and the myotubes were examined using single-myotube Ca2+ imaging experiments and transmission electron microscopy observations. The CASQ1-STIM2 interaction via the C1 region decreased SOCE, increased intracellular Ca2+ release for skeletal muscle contraction, and changed intracellular Ca2+ distributions (high Ca2+ in the SR and low Ca2+ in the cytosol were observed). Furthermore, the C1 region itself (which lacks Ca2+-buffering ability but has STIM2-binding ability) decreased the expression of Ca2+-related proteins (canonical-type transient receptor potential cation channel type 6 and calmodulin 1) and induced mitochondrial shape abnormalities. Therefore, in skeletal muscle, CASQ1 plays active roles in Ca2+ movement and distribution by interacting with STIM2 as well as Ca2+ sensing and buffering.
iPSC-Derived Gaucher Macrophages Display Growth Impairment and Activation of Inflammation-Related Cell Death
Authors: Messelodi Daria , Bertuccio Salvatore Nicola , Indio Valentina , Strocchi Silvia , Taddia Alberto , Serravalle Salvatore , Bandini Jessica , Astolfi Annalisa , Pession Andrea
Published: October 2021

Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by β-glucosidase enzyme deficiency and substrate accumulation, especially in cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Typical features of the disease are the unrestrained activation of inflammatory mechanisms, whose molecular pathways are still unclear. To investigate biological mechanisms underlying the macrophage activation in GD, we derived iPSCs from a healthy donor and a GD patient line and differentiated them into hematopoietic progenitors. While GD iPSCs are able to efficiently give rise to CD33+/CD45+ myeloid progenitors, the maturation towards the CD14+/CD163+ monocyte/macrophages fate resulted enhanced in the GD lines, that in addition displayed a decreased growth potential compared to control cells either in semisolid or in liquid culture. The GD lines growth impairment was associated with a significant upregulation of RIPK3 and MLKL, two key effectors of necroptosis, the inflammation related cell death pathway. The activation of necroptosis, which has already been linked to neuronopathic GD, may play a role in the disease proinflammatory condition and in the identified cell growth defects. Understanding the GD macrophage role in the alteration of mechanisms linked to cellular metabolism imbalance, cell death and inflammation are crucial in identifying new ways to approach the disease.
A New Induction Method for the Controlled Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Frozen Sections
Authors: Tadokoro Susumu , Tokuyama-Toda Reiko , Tatehara Seiko , Ide Shinji , Umeki Hirochika , Miyoshi Keiko , Noma Takafumi , Satomura Kazuhito
Published: October 2021

Considering that every tissue/organ has the most suitable microenvironment for its functional cells, controlling induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation by culture on frozen sections having a suitable microenvironment is possible. Induced PSCs were cultured on frozen sections of the liver, the brain, the spinal cord, and cover glasses (control) for 9 days. The iPSCs cultured on the sections of the liver resembled hepatocytes, whereas those on sections of the brain and the spinal cord resembled neuronal cells. The percentage of hepatocytic marker-positive cells in the iPSCs cultured on the sections of the liver was statistically higher than that of those in the iPSCs cultured on the sections of the brain and the spinal cord or on cover glasses. In contrast, the iPSCs cultured on the sections of the brain and the spinal cord revealed a high percentage of neural marker-positive cells. Thus, iPSCs can be differentiated into a specific cell lineage in response to specific factors within frozen sections of tissues/organs. Differentiation efficacy of the frozen sections markedly differed between the iPSC clones. Therefore, our induction method could be simple and effective for evaluating the iPSC quality.
NLRP3 Activation and Its Relationship to Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Preeclampsia and Pharmacological Interventions
Authors: Nunes Priscila Rezeck , Mattioli Sarah Viana , Sandrim Valeria Cristina
Published: October 2021

Preeclampsia (PE) is a specific syndrome of human pregnancy, being one of the main causes of maternal death. Persistent inflammation in the endothelium stimulates the secretion of several inflammatory mediators, activating different signaling patterns. One of these mechanisms is related to NLRP3 activation, initiated by high levels of danger signals such as cholesterol, urate, and glucose, producing IL-1, IL-18, and cell death by pyroptosis. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS), act as an intermediate to activate NLRP3, contributing to subsequent inflammatory cascades and cell damage. Moreover, increased production of ROS may elevate nitric oxide (NO) catabolism and consequently decrease NO bioavailability. NO has many roles in immune responses, including the regulation of signaling cascades. At the site of inflammation, vascular endothelium is crucial in the regulation of systemic inflammation with important implications for homeostasis. In this review, we present the important role of NLRP3 activation in exacerbating oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Considering that the causes related to these processes and inflammation in PE remain a challenge for clinical practice, the use of drugs related to inhibition of the NLRP3 may be a good option for future solutions for this disease.
Adenosine Receptor Antagonists to Combat Cancer and to Boost Anti-Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Franco Rafael , Rivas-Santisteban Rafael , Navarro Gemma , Reyes-Resina Irene
Published: October 2021

Extracellular adenosine accumulates in the environment of numerous tumors. For years, this fact has fueled preclinical research to determine whether adenosine receptors (ARs) could be the target to fight cancer. The four ARs discovered so far, A1, A2A, A2B and A3, belong to the class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and all four have been involved in one way or another in regulating tumor progression. Prompted by the successful anti-cancer immunotherapy, the focus was placed on the ARs more involved in regulation of immune cell differentiation and activation and that are able to establish molecular and functional interactions. This review focuses on the potential of A2A and A2B receptor antagonists in cancer control and in boosting anti-cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The article also overviews the ongoing clinical trials in which A2AR and A2BR ligands are being tested in anti-cancer therapy.
The Importance of Domestic Space in the Times of COVID-19
Authors: Aresta Marco , Salingaros Nikos
Published: October 2021

This essay discusses a deep malaise of contemporary architecture, made more obvious by experiencing COVID-19 lockdowns for several months. Evidence-based arguments urge society to improve human health and well-being by re-considering the design of interior and exterior spaces. So far, predictions of how design will “improve” after COVID-19 just continue business-as-usual, ignoring accumulated evidence. Yet, the negative emotional experience of families cooped up during the pandemic reveals the failure of the standard approach to designing spaces. An architecture that adapts to human biology and psychology starts with the relatively new understanding of people interacting unconsciously with their environment and broadens it. A traditional design toolkit, augmented by the latest technology, can generate healing spaces as judged by their ability to enhance users’ subjective well-being. We recommend implementing specific design innovations to achieve this goal—replacing industrial-minimalism with biophilic and neuro-based design and using documented patterns that trigger feelings of happiness in users.
The Impact of the Mechanical Modification of Bacterial Cellulose Films on Selected Quality Parameters
Authors: Betlej Izabela , Salerno-Kochan Renata , Jankowska Agnieszka , Krajewski Krzysztof , Wilkowski Jacek , Rybak Katarzyna , Nowacka Malgorzata , Boruszewski Piotr
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the effect of the homogenization of bacterial cellulose particles and their reintegration into a membrane on the mechanical and physical parameters of the films produced from them in relation to films made of native cellulose (not subjected to the homogenization process). Bacterial cellulose was obtained from a culture of microorganisms forming a conglomerate of bacteria and yeast, called SCOBY. The research has shown that the mechanical modification of bacterial cellulose contributes to an increase in the elongation of the material. Modified polymer films were characterized by a higher Young’s modulus and a much higher breaking force value compared to native cellulose. The mechanical modification of cellulose contributed to an increase in hygroscopicity and changes in water vapor permeability. The obtained results may provide significant information on the methods of modifying bacterial cellulose, depending on its various applications.
Non-Linear Numerical Modelling of Sustainable Advanced Composite Columns Made from Bamboo Culms
Authors: Richardson Cameron , Mofidi Amir
Published: October 2021

The present article uses the finite element analysis (FEA) software ABAQUS to model a bamboo-based advanced composite column for construction. Different numerical models were analysed to be able to predict the behaviour of a bamboo-based composite column tested by the same group. Bamboo-based composites maintain the inherent excellent mechanical properties of raw bamboo whilst adding a certain degree of processing and engineering. Thus, the composite individual samples are more consistent and reliable when compared with their raw counterparts. A buckling analysis is carried out to determine the response of the composites to axial compressive loading. Different modelling elements and imperfection parameters were implemented separately in different FEA models so that the efficacy of each could be established and suggestions could be made with regard to the modelling elements and size of imperfection that should be used in future models. The results are compared to empirical findings, giving insights into the quality of results that can be obtained using numerical modelling. This also allowed for an evaluation of the methods and assumptions applied in the model. The load at rupture and displacements obtained by the numerical model were comparable to the experimental findings, with only minor differences observed.
On General Data Protection Regulation Vulnerabilities and Privacy Issues, for Wearable Devices and Fitness Tracking Applications
Authors: Ioannidou Irene , Sklavos Nicolas
Published: October 2021

Individual users’ sensitive information, such as heart rate, calories burned, or even sleep patterns, are casually tracked by smart wearable devices to be further processed or exchanged, utilizing the ubiquitous capabilities of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. This work aims to explore the existing literature on various data privacy concerns, posed by the use of wearable devices, and experimentally analyze the data exchanged through mobile applications, in order to identify the underlying privacy and security risks. Emulating a man-in-the-middle attack scenario, five different commercial fitness tracking bands are examined, in order to test and analyze all data transmitted by each vendor’s suggested applications. The amount of personal data collected, processed, and transmitted for advertising purposes was significant and, in some cases, highly affected the network’s total overhead. Some of the applications examined requested access for sensitive data driven device functionalities, such as messaging, phone calling, audio recording, and camera usage, without any clear or specific reason stated by their privacy policy. This paper concludes by listing the most critical aspects in terms of privacy and security concerning some of the most popular commercial fitness tracking applications.
Textile-Reinforced Concrete Versus Steel-Reinforced Concrete in Flexural Performance of Full-Scale Concrete Beams
Authors: Alrshoudi Fahed
Published: October 2021

The effectiveness of textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) and steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) in the flexural performance of rectangular concrete beams was investigated in this study. To better understand TRC behaviour, large-scale concrete beams of 120 × 200 × 2600 mm were tested and analysed in this work. Cover thickness, anchoring, and various layouts were all taken into consideration to assess the performance of beams. In addition, bi-axial and uni-axial TRC beams and SRC beams were classified according to the sort and arrangement of reinforcements. The findings showed that anchoring the textiles at both ends enhanced load resistance and prevented sliding. The ultimate load of the tow type of textile reinforcement was higher, attributed to the increased bond. Variations in cover thickness also change the ultimate load and deflection, according to the findings. Consequently, in this investigation, the ideal cover thickness was determined to be 30 mm. Furthermore, for the similar area of reinforcements, the ultimate load of TRC beams was noted up to 56% higher than that of the SRC control beam, while the deflection was roughly 37% lower.
Preparation of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Based on Rod-Shaped Micro-Structure Induced by Nanosecond Laser
Authors: Li Zhi , Xue Gang , Wu Yanming , Wang Xinghua , Pan Hengpei
Published: October 2021

Solid–liquid frictional resistance is mainly attributed to the adhesion caused by the boundary layer effect. Superhydrophobic surfaces are expected to be an effective method to reduce frictional resistance. In this paper, a rod-shaped micro-structure was prepared on surfaces of Al alloy (5083) and Ti alloy (TC4) by line-by-line scanning with nanosecond laser. The inherent properties of the metal materials—such as their coefficient of thermal conductivity (CTC) and specific heat capacity (SHC)—had a major influence on the surface morphology and shape size of the rod-shaped micro-structure. Both two metals showed apparent oxidation on their surfaces during laser ablation, however, the degree of surface oxidation of the Al alloy was greater than that of the Ti alloy due to its more fragmentary rod-shaped micro-structure. The laser-treated surfaces could turn from hydrophilic to hydrophobic or even superhydrophobic after being left in the air for 20 days, which might be caused by the adsorption of low-surface energy matter in the air. In addition, the contact angle of the Al alloy was larger than that of the Ti alloy, which is due to the larger ratio of height to width of the micro–nano composite rod-shaped micro-structure on the surface of the Al alloy.
Study on Gemological Characteristics of Blue Sapphires from Baw-Mar Mine, Mogok, Myanmar
Authors: Chen Siming , Tan Honglin , Zhang Cun , Teng Yajun , Zu Endong
Published: October 2021

This paper employs an X-ray powder crystal diffractometer (XRD), an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrometer (UV-Vis-NIR), a Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and a laser Raman spectrometer to systematically investigate the gemological characteristics of blue sapphires from Baw-mar mine, Mogok, Myanmar. The results show that the FTIR spectra and UV-Vis-NIR spectra of the sapphire from this mine are significantly different from those of sapphires from other origins, which can be used to identify sapphires from this mine. The main crystal structure of the mineral sapphire from Baw-mar mine is corundum. The predominant chemical elements are Al and O, and the color-causing elements are Fe, Ti, V, and Ni. The characteristic ultraviolet absorption peak appears at 418 nm, which is mainly caused by the d-d transition of V3+ ions. The intensity change of the 946 nm ultraviolet absorption peak indicates that the presence of Ni2+ ions may aggravate the gray tone of sapphire and reduces its transparency. Compared with sapphires from other origins, sapphires from this mine have three characteristic infrared peaks of kaolinite at 930, 1025, and 1110 cm−1, of which the single peak at 930 cm−1 is attributed to -OH translation, and the double peaks at 1025 and 1110 cm−1 are attributed to the Si-O stretching vibration. The peaks at 369, 410, 437, 565, 633, and 739 cm−1 in the Raman spectra are attributed to [AlO6] octahedron vibration. Our work provides insight into detailed spectroscopy data of blue sapphires from this mine and the identification of sapphires from different origins through spectroscopic characteristics.
Thermal Energy Storage Materials (TESMs)—What Does It Take to Make Them Fly?
Authors: Gunasekara Saman Nimali , Barreneche Camila , Inés Fernández A. , Calderón Alejandro , Ravotti Rebecca , Ristić Alenka , Weinberger Peter , Ömur Paksoy Halime , Koçak Burcu , Rathgeber Christoph , Ningwei Chiu Justin , Stamatiou Anastasia
Published: October 2021

Thermal Energy Storage Materials (TESMs) may be the missing link to the “carbon neutral future” of our dreams. TESMs already cater to many renewable heating, cooling and thermal management applications. However, many challenges remain in finding optimal TESMs for specific requirements. Here, we combine literature, a bibliometric analysis and our experiences to elaborate on the true potential of TESMs. This starts with the evolution, fundamentals, and categorization of TESMs: phase change materials (PCMs), thermochemical heat storage materials (TCMs) and sensible thermal energy storage materials (STESMs). PCMs are the most researched, followed by STESMs and TCMs. China, the European Union (EU), the USA, India and the UK lead TESM publications globally, with Spain, France, Germany, Italy and Sweden leading in the EU. Dissemination and communication gaps on TESMs appear to hinder their deployment. Salt hydrates, alkanes, fatty acids, polyols, and esters lead amongst PCMs. Salt hydrates, hydroxides, hydrides, carbonates, ammines and composites dominate TCMs. Besides water, ceramics, rocks and molten salts lead as STESMs for large-scale applications. We discuss TESMs’ trends, gaps and barriers for commercialization, plus missing links from laboratory-to-applications. In conclusion, we present research paths and tasks to make these remarkable materials fly on the market by unveiling their potential to realize a carbon neutral future.
Structural Properties and Dielectric Hysteresis of Molecular Organic Ferroelectric Grown from Different Solvents
Authors: Balashova Elena , Levin Aleksandr A. , Fokin Alexander , Redkov Alexey , Krichevtsov Boris
Published: October 2021

A comparative analysis of crystal structure, Raman spectra, and dielectric hysteresis loops was carried out for organic ferroelectric crystals of 2-methylbenzimidazole (MBI) grown from ethanol (MBIet), acetone (MBIac), deuterated acetone (MBId-ac), or prepared by sublimation from gas phase (MBIgas). Raman spectroscopy shows identical frequencies of molecular vibrations in all studied crystals, proving the same molecular structure. At the same time, a detailed analysis of the asymmetry of the powder XRD reflection profiles indicates the presence of nano-scaled regions with the same MBI symmetry and crystal structure but slightly different sizes and unit cell parameters. The formation of the MBI modifications is associated with possible penetration of solvent molecules into the voids of the MBI crystal structure. Dielectric hysteresis loops in MBIet and MBId-ac crystals at room temperature demonstrate significantly different values of coercive fields Ec. Analysis of hysteresis loops within the framework of the Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibashi (KAI) model shows that the polarization switching in MBId-ac occurs much faster than in MBIet crystals, which in the KAI model is associated with different values of the characteristic frequency ω0 and the activation field Ea of the domains wall motion.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer at a Canadian Academic Center: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Kasymjanova Goulnar , Anwar Aksa , Cohen Victor , Sultanem Khalil , Pepe Carmela , Sakr Lama , Friedmann Jennifer , Agulnik Jason S.
Published: October 2021

The large burden of COVID-19 on health care systems worldwide has raised concerns among medical oncologists about the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the impact of COVID-19 on lung cancer diagnosis and treatment before and during the COVID-19 era. New lung cancer diagnoses decreased by 34.7% during the pandemic with slightly more advanced stages of disease, there was a significant increase in the utilization of radiosurgery as the first definitive treatment, and a decrease in both systemic treatment as well as surgery compared to the pre-COVID-19 era. There was no significant delay in starting chemotherapy and radiation treatment during the pandemic compared to pre-COVID-19 time. However, we observed a delay to lung cancer surgery during the pandemic time. COVID-19 seems to have had a major impact at our lung cancer center on the diagnoses and treatment patterns of lung cancer patients. Many oncologists fear that they will see an increase in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in the coming year. This study is still ongoing and further data will be collected and analyzed to better understand the total impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our lung cancer patient population.
Estrogen Receptors in Colorectal Cancer: Facts, Novelties and Perspectives
Authors: Ditonno Ilaria , Losurdo Giuseppe , Rendina Maria , Pricci Maria , Girardi Bruna , Ierardi Enzo , Di Leo Alfredo
Published: October 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer-related death in both sexes worldwide. As pre-menopausal women are less likely to develop CRC compared to age-matched men, a protective role for estrogens has been hypothesized. Indeed, two isoforms of nuclear estrogen receptors (ER) have been described: ERα and ERβ. While the binding of 17beta-estradiol to ERα activates anti-apoptotic pathways, the interaction with ERβ activates caspase-3, inducing apoptosis. In this regard, several pieces of evidence show that ERβ tends to be under-regulated in advanced adenomas and CRC, with an opposite trend for ERα. Furthermore, ERβ stimulation slows adenomatous polyp growth and modulates relevant CRC pathways. Based on such considerations, dietary modulation of ER is promising, particularly in subjects with genetic predisposition for CRC. Nevertheless, the main limitation is the lack of clinical trials on a large population scale.
RELIEF: A Digital Health Tool for the Remote Self-Reporting of Symptoms in Patients with Cancer to Address Palliative Care Needs and Minimize Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Bhargava Ravi , Keating Bonnie , Isenberg Sarina R. , Subramaniam Saranjah , Wegier Pete , Chasen Martin
Published: October 2021

The lack of timely symptom reporting remains a barrier to effective symptom management and comfort for patients with cancer-related palliative care needs. Poor symptom management at home can lead to unwanted outcomes, such as emergency department visits and death in hospital. We developed and evaluated RELIEF, a remote symptom self-reporting app for community patients with palliative care needs. A pilot feasibility study was conducted at a large, community hospital in Ontario, Canada. Patients self-reported their symptoms each morning using validated clinical symptom measures and RELIEF would alert for worsening or severe symptoms. RELIEF alerts were monitored by palliative care nurses who would then contact patients to determine if appropriate clinical intervention could be initiated to avoid unnecessary emergency department visits. A total of 20 patients were recruited to use RELIEF for two months. Patients completed 80% of daily self-report assessments; 133 alerts were trigged, half of which required clinical intervention. No patient visited the emergency department for symptom management during the study. Clinical staff estimated five emergency department visits were avoided because of RELIEF—saving an estimated cost of over CAD 60,000. RELIEF is a feasible and acceptable method for the remote monitoring of patients with palliative care needs through regular symptom self-reporting.
Growth and Yield of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum According to Soil Management in Agroforestry Systems: A Case Study in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Sales Agust , de Oliveira Neto Sílvio Nolasco , de Paiva Haroldo Nogueira , Leite Helio Garcia , Siviero Marco Antonio , Vieira Sabrina Benmuyal
Published: October 2021

Studies on applying of soil management practices in the management of paricá and the effects on growth and yield are essential to auxiliary its cultivation and would allow us to inform management and conservation decisions to reconciliate biodiversity, wellbeing, and sustainable production. This case study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of paricá at different soil management practices, including consortium with an agricultural production, in the Brazilian Amazon. Paricá was implanted, consorted with soybean in the first year, and maize in the second, in a 5 × 2 m spacing. The treatments T1 = subsoiling, basal dressing, top-dressing, inoculation of microorganisms and consortium with soybean/maize were applied. In T2, T3, T4, and T5, we applied the same practices of T1, except subsoiling (T2), basal dressing (T3), top-dressing (T4) and inoculation of microorganisms (T5). T6 was the control, which used none of these practices, including the consortium with soybean/maize. The results indicate that the highest rate of plant survival occurred in T2, while T3 and T4 promoted greater intraspecific competition, compromising the growth in dbh and the yield (m3 ha−1) of plants in future ages. Growth in dbh and th and the yield of plants in the soybean/maize consortium period was higher in T2 and T6. In future ages, the dbh and yield of plants demonstrated higher growth trends in T6, T1, and T5. Agroforestry practices of soil management influence the growth and yield of paricá plants. However, there is a tendency for greater growth and yield for paricá plants cultivated in the absence of agroforestry practices for soil management proposed in this case study. When opting for AFS (paricá intercropped with soybean and maize), it is recommended for paricá a subsoiling, fertilization, and inoculation of microorganisms.
Health Profile of Australian Adolescents with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Le Tran Tuan Anh , Ware Robert S. , Denny Simon , Lennox Nicholas , McPherson Lyn , Harley David
Published: October 2021

Background: Data on the health of adolescents with intellectual disability are scarce. This study describes carer-reported symptoms, chronic illnesses, level of functioning, and behaviour among Australian adolescents with intellectual disability. We compare students attending mainstream and special schools. Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire data were obtained from a cohort of 592 adolescents (10–21 years) with intellectual disability attending school and living in South-East Queensland, Australia, in May 2007. We analysed data from a subset (176) who completed a health check before visiting their general practitioners. Results: Adolescents had significant health needs, and those in special education schools had worse health than those from mainstream schools. There was a discrepancy between the prevalence of significant psychopathology detected via the short form Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC-P24) and psychiatric conditions reported by carers. Conclusions: Given the significant health needs of this population, carefully designed and targeted programs, potentially including medical visits to these schools, are needed.
Computational Power of Asynchronously Tuned Automata Enhancing the Unfolded Edge of Chaos
Authors: Gunji Yukio-Pegio , Uragami Daisuke
Published: October 2021

Asynchronously tuned elementary cellular automata (AT-ECA) are described with respect to the relationship between active and passive updating, and that spells out the relationship between synchronous and asynchronous updating. Mutual tuning between synchronous and asynchronous updating can be interpreted as the model for dissipative structure, and that can reveal the critical property in the phase transition from order to chaos. Since asynchronous tuning easily makes behavior at the edge of chaos, the property of AT-ECA is called the unfolded edge of chaos. The computational power of AT-ECA is evaluated by the quantitative measure of computational universality and efficiency. It shows that the computational efficiency of AT-ECA is much higher than that of synchronous ECA and asynchronous ECA.
Many-Body Localization and the Emergence of Quantum Darwinism
Authors: Mirkin Nicolás , Wisniacki Diego A.
Published: October 2021

Quantum Darwinism (QD) is the process responsible for the proliferation of redundant information in the environment of a quantum system that is being decohered. This enables independent observers to access separate environmental fragments and reach consensus about the system’s state. In this work, we study the effect of disorder in the emergence of QD and find that a highly disordered environment is greatly beneficial for it. By introducing the notion of lack of redundancy to quantify objectivity, we show that it behaves analogously to the entanglement entropy (EE) of the environmental eigenstate taken as an initial state. This allows us to estimate the many-body mobility edge by means of our Darwinistic measure, implicating the existence of a critical degree of disorder beyond which the degree of objectivity rises the larger the environment is. The latter hints the key role that disorder may play when the environment is of a thermodynamic size. At last, we show that a highly disordered evolution may reduce the spoiling of redundancy in the presence of intra-environment interactions.