bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classical swine fever virus inhibits serine metabolism-mediated antiviral immunity by deacetylating modified PHGDH
Authors: Li Xiaowen , Huang Yaoyao , Liu Xueyi , Zhang Lihong , Wang Xinyan , Zhao Feifan , Zou Linke , Wu Keke , Chen Wenxian , Qin Yuwei , Zeng Sen , Li Bingke , He Yintao , Song Yiwan , Li Zhaoyao , Fan Jindai , Zhao Mingqiu , Yi Lin , Ding Hongxing , Fan Shuangqi , Chen Jinding
Published: August 2024

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), an obligate intracellular pathogen, hijacks cellular metabolism to evade immune surveillance and facilitate its replication. The precise mechanisms by which CSFV modulates immune metabolism remain largely unknown. Our study reveals that CSFV infection disrupts serine metabolism, which plays a crucial role in antiviral immunity. Notably, we discovered that CSFV infection leads to the deacetylation of PHGDH, a key enzyme in serine metabolism, resulting in autophagic degradation. This deacetylation impairs PHGDH’s enzymatic activity, reduces serine biosynthesis, weakens innate immunity, and promotes viral proliferation. Molecularly, CSFV infection induces the association of HDAC3 with PHGDH, leading to deacetylation at the K364 site. This modification attracts the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF125, which facilitates the addition of K63-linked ubiquitin chains to PHGDH-K364R. Subsequently, PHGDH is targeted for lysosomal degradation by p62 and NDP52. Furthermore, the deacetylation of PHGDH disrupts its interaction with the NAD
+
substrate, destabilizing the PHGDH-NAD complex, impeding the active site, and thereby inhibiting
de novo
serine synthesis. Additionally, our research indicates that deacetylated PHGDH suppresses the mitochondria-MAVS-IRF3 pathway through its regulatory effect on serine metabolism, leading to decreased IFN-β production and enhanced viral replication. Overall, our findings elucidate the complex interplay between CSFV and serine metabolism, revealing a novel aspect of viral immune evasion through the lens of immune metabolism.

IMPORTANCE

Classical swine fever (CSF) seriously restricts the healthy development of China’s aquaculture industry, and the unclear pathogenic mechanism and pathogenesis of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are the main obstacle to CSF prevention, control, and purification. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the molecular mechanism of CSFV and host interplay, to search for the key signaling pathways and target molecules in the host that regulate the replication of CSFV infection, and to elucidate the mechanism of action of host immune dysfunction and immune escape due to CSFV infection for the development of novel CSFV vaccines and drugs. This study reveals the mechanism of serine metabolizing enzyme post-translational modifications and antiviral signaling proteins in the replication of CSFV and enriches the knowledge of CSFV infection and immune metabolism.
Complete genome sequence of
Pseudomonas fluorescens
IMGN2 isolated from undisturbed soil
Authors: Ryu Hyeonmin , Kim Soomin , Kim Yeongjun , Han Jeong A. , Kim Eun Yu , Lee Ho-Seok
Published: August 2024

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Pseudomonas fluorescens
IMGN2, highlighting its biocontrol and plant growth-promoting capabilities. The genome analysis reveals genetic features that contribute to its potential in agricultural biotechnology, including genes related to secondary metabolite synthesis and plant-microbe interactions.
The Tectonic Inversion Prediction in Fold-and-Thrust Belts by Using Numerical Modeling
Authors: Zaidi S. F. A. , Ahsan N.
Published: August 2024

This research investigates tectonic inversion in rifted continental margins, specifically focusing on the interaction between foreland sediment deposits and fold-and-thrust belts during orogeny. Using numerical modeling with ANSYS-2023 R1 software and a Maxwell-type viscoelastic rheology, the study explores positive inversion in petroleum basins, revealing insights into the evolution of inverted basins. The research emphasizes the role of pre-existing extensional fault systems in controlling thrust faults, delving into the reactivation of faults and uplift of the hanging wall during tectonic compression. The study highlights diverse structural patterns associated with tectonic inversion in sub-thrust regions of fold-and-thrust belts, including anticlines, back-thrusts, fault propagation folds, pop-up, and an inversion-related fracture pattern. Results demonstrate the critical influence of rheological properties in fault reactivation and deformational styles during tectonic inversion. Comparisons with natural case studies, like the Helvetic nappes in Switzerland, validate the predictive capability of numerical models for tectonic inversion structures in different geological settings, including the Kohat-Potwar Fold and Thrust Belt in Pakistan. We find important of understanding interplay between geological structures and rheological properties for accuracy of predicting evolution of inverted basins. The deeply study of tectonic inversion are extending to optimizing exploration efforts and interpreting structural complexities in petroleum exploration, providing valuable insights for reservoir prediction and fold-and-thrust belt structural evolution.
Transport of critically ill children to paediatric intensive care units in the UK and Ireland: 2013–2022
Authors: Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Wood Dora , Draper Elizabeth , Palmer Lyn , Feltbower Richard , Buckley Hannah L , Griksaitis Michael J , Lutman Daniel Henry , Kanaris Constantinos , O’Shea Deirdre , Seaton Sarah E
Published: August 2024

Objective

To explore the trends and changes in the transport of children to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) between 2013 and 2022.

Design

Retrospective analysis of routinely collected data.

Patients

Children transported for care in a PICU in the UK and Ireland aged<16 years.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and main results

There were 43 058 transports to a PICU involving 36 438 children from 2013 to 2022 with the majority of children requiring only one transport. The number of transports increased from 4131 (2013) to 4792 (2022). Over the study period the percentage of children aged under 1 year who were transported decreased from 50.2% to 45.2% and similarly, the percentage who were invasively ventilated also decreased from 81.1% to 70.2%. Conversely, the use of non-invasive ventilation during transports increased slightly from 4.0% to 7.0%. The percentage of transports where a parent was able to accompany the child increased over time (2013: 66.2% to 2019: 74.9%), although there were reductions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and requirements for social distancing (2020: 52.4%).

Conclusions

We have demonstrated an increased use of specialist paediatric transport services and changes in the PICU population over time. Routine data collection from the transport services provide a means to measure improvements and changes over time in the service provided to critically ill children and young people who need transport to the PICU.
Health And Performance Promotion in Youth (HAPPY) hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised trial: comparison of two strategies to implement an injury prevention exercise programme in Danish youth handball
Authors: Møller Merete , Nygaard Andersen Lotte , Möller Sören , Kongsted Alice , Juhl Carsten B , Roos Ewa M
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate if a combination of an online and onsite implementation strategy was superior to an online-only strategy in enhancing the use of an injury prevention exercise programme (IPEP) and in reducing the risk of shoulder, knee and ankle injuries in youth community handball players (age 11–17) over a handball season.

Methods

In this 30-week hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster randomised type 3 study, 20 youth handball clubs were randomly assigned 1:1 to either a combined online and onsite implementation strategy (coach workshop using the health action process approach behaviour change model and health service provider (HSP) support) or an online-only strategy (control group). The primary implementation outcome was coach-reported adherence, measured as the average IPEP exercise usage by the team over 30 weeks. The primary effectiveness outcome was player-reported handball playing time to any new handball-related shoulder, knee and ankle injuries, reported weekly using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems.

Results

We enrolled 63 coaches (27% women) and 945 players (mean age 14.5 years, 55% girls). Intention-to-treat analyses showed no statistically significant difference between implementation strategies in adherence (between-group difference 1.4, 95% CI −0.5 to 3.4) or in cumulative injury risk (between-group difference 5.5% points, 95% CI −2.2 to 13.1).

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that in youth community handball, a combined online and onsite implementation strategy, including a coach workshop and HSP support, was not superior to an online-only strategy regarding adherence to an IPEP or in reducing shoulder, knee and ankle injury risk.

Trial registration number

NCT05294237.
Digital disease management programme reduces chronic gastrointestinal symptoms among racially and socially vulnerable populations
Authors: Bravata Dena , Liu Hau , Colosimo Meghan M , Bullock Alexander C , Commons Erin , Pimentel Mark
Published: August 2024

Objective

Considerable disparities exist in access to gastrointestinal (GI) care and digestive outcomes across gender, racial, and socioeconomic groups. We evaluated (1) whether adults with chronic GI symptoms from diverse demographic groups would use a digital digestive care programme and (2) the effects of participation on GI symptom severity and other patient-reported outcomes.

Methods

Access to a digital digestive chronic care programme was provided to participants regardless of prior digestive diagnoses or symptoms for 90 days. The intervention included GI symptom tracking, personalised medical nutrition therapy, GI-specific health coaching, and targeted education on common GI symptoms. We assigned a Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) score to each participant according to their home address and compared baseline and end-intervention symptoms and other patient-reported outcomes by gender, race/ethnicity, and SVI.

Results

Of the 1936 participants, mean age was 43.1 years; 67% identified as white/Caucasian, 11% Asian/Pacific Islander, 6% Hispanic/Latinx, 7% black/African American, and 7% of multiple races. Participants of all demographic groups used the app symptom logging, reviewed educational materials, and interacted with their care team and reported similar statistically significant improvements in GI symptoms (by the end of the intervention, 85% improved, p<0.05). Participants reported feeling greater control of their health (83%), better able to manage their digestive symptoms (83%), increased happiness (76%), and greater productivity at work (54%), with black/African Americans and Native Americans most likely to report these changes.

Conclusion

We conclude that a digital GI disease management programme may be of value in reducing disparities in access to GI care.
Living labs for migrant health research: the challenge of cocreating research with migrant population and policy makers
Authors: Giménez Laura , Evangelidou Stella , Gresle Anne-Sophie , de la Torre Leonardo , Ubalde-López Mònica , Recasens Oriol , Muñoz Eva , Pinazo Maria Jesus , Requena-Méndez Ana
Published: August 2024

The need for the public to take an active role in scientific research is becoming increasingly important, particularly in health-related research. However, the coexistence and alignment of scientific and citizen interests, needs, knowledge and timing is not straightforward, especially when involving migrant populations. To conduct impactful research, it becomes also essential to consider the perspectives of policymakers, thereby adding a layer of complexity to the processes.

In this article we address the experience of a living lab created in a research institution and supported by the city council and a local foundation, in which we developed three experiences of patient and public involvement (PPI): (1) accessing to comprehensive care for people at risk of Chagas disease; (2) strategies towards improving access and quality of mental healthcare services in migrants; (3) promoting healthy and safe school environments in vulnerable urban settings.

These three challenges provided an opportunity to delve into diverse strategies for involving key stakeholders, including migrant populations, expert researchers and political actors in health research. This article offers insights into the successes, challenges, and valuable lessons learnt from these endeavours, providing a vision that can be beneficial for future initiatives. Each living lab experience crafted its unique governance system and agenda tailored to specific challenge scenarios, giving rise to diverse methods and study designs.

We have found that the management of the cocreation of the research question and the institutional support are key to building robust PPI processes with migrant groups.
Health insurance, social safety net and maternal health service utilisation in Pakistan: a population based cross-sectional study
Authors: Shah Nadia , Zaheer Sidra , Iram Uzma
Published: August 2024

Objective

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of health insurance and social safety net programmes on maternal health service utilisation (MHSU) in Pakistan.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Settings

Data were obtained from Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2017–2018.

Participants

Out of 12 364 Pakistani ever-married women aged 15–49 years included in the survey sample, 7752 were included in the study.

Main outcome measures

Three response variables (antenatal care (ANC) by skilled attendants (<4 visits=inadequate vs 4 or more visits=adequate), health facility-based delivery (home vs health) and postnatal care (yes vs no) were combined to assess MHSU. Health insurance was derived from the question ‘are you covered with any health insurance?’ and social safety net was derived from enrolment in social safety net programmes. Logistic regression analyses were conducted, and results were reported as ORs with 95% CIs. Results of adjusted logistic regression models were fit to control for individual and community-level factors.

Result

Prevalence of social safety net was larger than health insurance (7.7% vs 2.0%) while attendance of ANC+4, facility-based delivery and postnatal care was 48.5% (n=3760), 65.9% (n=5097) and 22.6% (n=1745) respectively, among respondents. Women were twice more likely to access maternal health services when they were covered by health insurance (adjusted OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.19 to 5.74, p<0.017) after adjusting for age at marriage, education level, wealth index, rural/urban area, parity, employment, empowerment status, exposure to media, visits and distance to health facility while no significant association of social safety net programmes with MHSU was found.

Conclusion

Expanding access to health insurance can provide comprehensive coverage for maternal healthcare services. Social safety net programmes can be made conditional, subject to regular health checkups for mothers and children to improve maternal and child health outcomes.
Associations between dimensions of the social environment and cardiometabolic health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abreu Taymara C , Beulens Joline WJ , Heuvelman Fleur , Schoonmade Linda J , Mackenbach Joreintje D
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The social environment (SE), that is, the social relationships and social context in which groups of people live and interact, is an understudied element of the broader living environment which impacts health. We aim to summarise the available evidence on the associations between SE and cardiometabolic disease (CMD) outcomes.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection were searched from inception to 28 February 2024.

Eligibility criteria

We included studies for which determinants were SE factors such as area-level deprivation and social network characteristics and outcomes were type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases incidence and prevalence.

Data extraction and synthesis

Titles and abstracts and full text were screened in duplicate. Data appraisal and extraction were based on the study protocol published in PROSPERO. Methodological quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We synthesised the data through vote counting and meta-analyses.

Results

From 10 143 records screened, 281 studies reporting 1108 relevant associations are included in this review. Of the 384 associations included in vote counting, 271 (71%) suggested that a worse SE is associated with a higher risk of CMD. 14 meta-analyses based on 180 associations indicated that worse SE was associated with increased odds of CMD outcomes, with 4 of them being statistically significant. For example, more economic and social disadvantage was associated with higher heart failure risk (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61; n=18; I2=95%). With the exception of two meta-analyses for men, meta-analysed sex-specific associations consistently showed results in the same direction as the overall meta-analyses.

Conclusion

Worse SE seems to be associated with increased odds of CMD outcomes, although certain SE dimensions are underexplored in relation to CMD.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021223035.
Circadian blood pressure variability and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients at Nekemte Town public Hospitals, West Oromia, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Itana Teferi Babu , Tadelle Amanuel , Legesse Bruck Tesfaye , Hailu Alemu Merga , Abebe Samuel Taddese
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aimed to assess the pattern of circadian blood pressure variability (CBPV) and associated factors among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients admitted to Nekemte Town public Hospitals.

Design

A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 CKD patients from 01 October to 02 December 2022. Comparisons were performed between the groups using an independent t-test for CBPV (24-hour blood pressure (BP), daytime BP and night-time BP). The dipping pattern was compared by the χ2test. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with non-dipping patterns in patients with hypertensive CKD (HCKD).

Setting

Two public hospitals in the Nekemte town, Western Ethiopia.

Participants

The participants were two independent groups. Group I (HCKD=65) and group II (normotensive CKD (NCKD)=65).

Results

The mean 24-hour SD of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly different between HCKD and NCKD patients, 10.17±6.12 mm Hg versus 0.5.4±2.7 mm Hg, respectively (95% CI 0.02 to 1.77, p=0.043). The prevalence of SBP non-dippers was greater among HCKD than NCKD patients (83% vs 63%). Mean 24-hour SBP (95% CI 1.50 (1.15 to 1.96), p=0.003) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (95% CI 2.92 (1.21 to 47.06), p=0.038) were independently associated with non-dipping SBP in HCKD patients.

Conclusion

Compared with NCKD patients, HCKD patients had significantly greater CBPV. Compared with dippers, non-dippers had a lower mean eGFR.
Breast cancer research gaps: a questionnaire-based study to determine overall priorities and compare the priorities of patients, the public, clinicians and scientists
Authors: Wilson Rebecca Louise , Boundouki George , Jackson Richard J , Dave Rajiv V , Harvey James R , Wray Julie , Ballance Laura , Henderson Julia R , Duxbury Paula , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Appanah Vivienne , Kirwan Cliona C
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aims to prioritise the themes identified from the three gap analyses performed by a combination of scientists, clinicians, patients and members of the public to determine areas in breast cancer care where research is lacking. We also aimed to compare the priorities of areas of agreed research need between patients, the public, clinicians and scientists.

Design

A cross-section of patients, public, clinicians and scientists completed a prioritisation exercise to rank the identified themes where research is lacking in breast cancer care.

Participants

Patients, clinicians and scientists who have experienced, managed or worked in the field of breast cancer and members of the public.

Methods

The research areas identified in the Breast Cancer Campaign, Association of Breast Surgery and North West Breast Research Collaborative gap analyses were outlined as 22 themes in lay terminology. Patients, members of the public, clinicians and scientists were invited to complete the prioritisation exercise, on paper or electronically, ranking the themes from 1 to 22. Comparisons were made with arithmetic mean ranking.

Results

Of the 510 prioritisation exercises completed, 179 (35%) participants were patients, 162 (32%) public, 43 (8%) scientists and 122 (24%) clinicians. The theme ranked of highest priority overall was ‘better prevention’ (arithmetic mean rank 6.4 (SE 0.23)). ‘Better prevention’ was ranked top or second by patients, public and clinicians (7 (0.39), 4.7 (0.34) and 6.8 (0.5), respectively), however, scientists ranked this as their sixth most important factor (7.7 (0.92)). The public and clinicians had good agreement with patients (r=0.84 and r=0.75, respectively), whereas scientists had moderate agreement with patients (r=0.65). Certain themes were ranked significantly differently by participant groups. Compared with clinicians, patients prioritised research into ‘alternative to mammograms’, ‘diagnostic (cancer) blood test’ and ‘rare cancers’ (OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.5), p=0.002, OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.5), p=0.004 and OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.8), p=0.03). Compared with scientists, patients deprioritised ‘better laboratory models’ (OR 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.8), p=0.01).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that patients, public, clinicians and scientists have different research priorities, with scientists being a particular outlier. This highlights the need to ensure the engagement of patients and public in research funding prioritisation decisions.
Protocol for a mixed-methods study to explore implementation outcomes of the Phone-based Interventions under Nurse Guidance after Stroke (PINGS-II) across 10 hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Amuasi John , Agbogbatey Melvin Katey , Sarfo Fred , Beyuo Alexis , Agasiya Patrick , Adobasom-Anane Austin , Newton Sylvester , Ovbiagele Bruce
Published: August 2024

Background

Stroke survivors are at a substantially higher risk for adverse vascular events driven partly by poorly controlled vascular risk factors. Mobile health interventions supported by task shifting strategies have been feasible to test in small pilot trials in low-income settings to promote vascular risk reduction after stroke. However, real-world success and timely implementation of such interventions remain challenging, necessitating research to bridge the know-do gap and expedite improvements in stroke management. The Phone-based Interventions under Nurse Guidance after Stroke (PINGS-II) is a nurse-led mHealth intervention for blood pressure control among stroke survivors, currently being assessed for efficacy in a hybrid clinical trial across 10 hospitals in Ghana compared with usual care. This protocol aims to assess implementation outcomes such as feasibility, appropriateness, acceptability, fidelity, cost and implementation facilitators and barriers of the PINGS-II intervention.

Methods and analysis

This study uses descriptive mixed methods. Qualitative data to be collected include in-depth interviews and FGDs with patients who had a stroke on the PINGS-II intervention, as well as key informant interviews with medical doctors and health policy actors (implementation context, barriers and facilitators). Data will be analysed by thematic analysis. Quantitative data sources include structured questionnaires for clinicians (feasibility, acceptability and appropriateness), and patients who had a stroke (fidelity and costs). Analysis will include summary statistics like means, medians, proportions and exploratory tests of association including χ2analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was obtained from the Committee for Human Research Publication and Ethics at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. Voluntary written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. All the rights of the participants and ethical principles guiding scientific research shall be adhered to. Findings from the study will be presented in scientific conferences and published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. A dissemination meeting will be held with relevant agencies of the Ghana Ministry of Health, clinicians, patient group representatives, and non-governmental organisations.
Patient, family and caregiver engagement in diabetes care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Chamoun Dita , Ramasamy Mathankki , Ziegler Carolyn , Yu Catherine H , Wijeyesekera Pauline , Advani Andrew , Pritlove Cheryl
Published: August 2024

Introduction

New treatments and technologies have advanced diabetes care; however, diabetes continues to have a major impact on the daily lives of affected individuals, especially among equity-deserving groups. Evidence from patient engagement literature suggests that involving diverse patients in healthcare can create cost-effective improvements and enhanced efficiency in care that has high patient acceptability and numerous health benefits, as well as improved provider satisfaction. A scoping review will be conducted to provide a cohesive and comprehensive understanding of patient engagement practices and the resulting outcomes.

Methods and analysis

The review will follow the recommendations for the conduct of scoping reviews developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Review Methodology Group. The review will include English-language literature published between 1 January 1990 and the present, searched through MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (Ovid), International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), Sociological Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), Scopus, Social Sciences Citation Index and Campbell Collaboration; hand searches; and grey literature. Literature that describes conceptualisations of engagement, methods/strategies for engagement and/or evaluations of engagement across different levels of diabetes care, including direct care, organisational design and governance and policymaking will be included. The review will encompass quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Research that is secondary, published in languages other than English, or not specifically focused on patient engagement will be excluded. Screening and extraction will be completed by two independent reviewers and conflicts will be resolved by discussion or a third reviewer, with piloting at each step. Studies will be analysed through descriptive numerical summary and content analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical or safety considerations are pertinent to this work. The results will be disseminated to patients/patient advocacy groups, diabetes organisations, clinicians, researchers, decision-makers and policymakers by way of summary documents, infographics, meeting presentations and through peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number

The protocol has been registered with Open Science Framework:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KCD7Z.
Development and implementation determinants of competency frameworks for mental health clinicians and service providers working with youth: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Boateng Rhonda , Karim Fairuz , Bielecki Joanna , Batt Alan M , Gajaria Amy , Munce Sarah , Rac Valeria E
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Despite high prevalence, access to mental healthcare for Canadian youth is limited, with less than 20% receiving adequate treatment. Marginalised and at-risk youth face particular challenges, including cultural misunderstandings, long wait times and negative care experiences. A competency framework for mental health clinicians working with youth can be a tool to increase the capacity of the health workforce to deliver culturally responsive care. This scoping review aims to comprehensively summarise the existing literature on competency frameworks for mental health clinicians and youth service providers, assessing how these frameworks align with culturally responsive care and examining their development, evaluation and implementation methods.

Methods and analysis

This review protocol is guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines and registered with the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EY7NF). The search strategy, developed with an Information Specialist, comprises a three-step process: preliminary searches in two databases, expansion of the search across Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CENTRAL and dissertations and theses databases and examination of reference lists and hand-searching for additional sources. The search strategy was reviewed using the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies checklist. Eligible English language articles will be selected through title and abstract screening (level 1) and full-text review (level 2). The search dates are 18 July and 21 August 2023, as well as 19 January 2024. Data from eligible articles will be extracted in duplicate and independently using a data extraction form. The data will then be summarised descriptively and qualitatively using content analysis mapped to the four evidence-based conceptual frameworks and presented in a table.

Ethics and dissemination

As the scoping review involves gathering and describing existing literature, it is exempt from ethical approval requirements. The findings of this scoping review will be presented at relevant local and international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings will also be disseminated and shared with professional organisations to enhance healthcare workforce capacity and drive systemic change. Furthermore, the findings will be used to inform doctoral work and future mental health and health education research related to underserved youth.
Reducing refusals of care through improved personal care interactions between caregivers and people with dementia: protocol for a realist synthesis
Authors: Backhouse Tamara , Killett Anne , Bratches Reed WR , Mioshi Eneida
Published: August 2024

Introduction

People with dementia develop progressive difficulties conducting basic activities of daily living, often requiring considerable assistance from caregivers. Many people with dementia, particularly in the advanced stages, can refuse assistance with care leading to difficult interactions. The ways in which refusals of care can be best reduced are unknown. Using a realist approach, this study aims to develop and refine evidence-based programme theories showing which mechanisms of interventions contribute to reducing refusals of care between caregivers and people with dementia, in which contexts, how and why.

Methods and analysis

The realist synthesis will be conducted in three iterative stages.

Stage 1 will develop initial programme theories through secondary analysis of caregivers and persons with dementia interviews and observations, a preliminary exploratory literature review and team discussions. After initial programme theory development, the focus of the synthesis will be decided by the study team.

Stage 2 will involve conducting focused, iterative and targeted literature searches to test and refine our initial programme theories considering the evidence for each setting: hospital, care home, home care and family. Data synthesis will use a realist lens to examine what works for whom in what circumstances and how, and organise related evidence to context-mechanism-outcome configurations whenever possible.

Stage 3 will use stakeholder interviews to explore reactions to the programme theories and enhance validity after integration of these findings, recommendations and conclusions will be developed.

Ethics and dissemination

The NHS Social Care Research Ethics Committee has approved the interview stage of this study (REC reference: 24/IEC08/0007; IRAS project ID: 338274). Informed consent will be obtained from all interviewees prior to data collection. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and accessible information for key stakeholders.

PROPSPERO registration number

CRD42024496072.
Improving uptake of colorectal cancer screening by complex patients at an academic primary care practice: a feasibility study
Authors: Desponds Charlotte , Ducros Cyril , Rochat Carine , Galassini Laure , Bodenmann Patrick , Grazioli Veronique S , Plys Ekaterina , von Plessen Christian , Gouveia Alexandre , Selby Kevin
Published: August 2024

Background

Regular screening reduces mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC). The Canton of Vaud, Switzerland, has a regional screening programme offering faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) or colonoscopy. Participation in the screening programme has been low, particularly among complex patients. Patient navigation has strong evidence for increasing the CRC screening rate.

Design and objective

This feasibility study tested patient navigation performed by medical assistants for complex patients at an academic primary care practice.

Baseline measurements

A review of 328 patients’ medical charts revealed that 51% were up-to-date with screening (16% within the programme), 24% were ineligible, 5% had a documented refusal and 20% were not up-to-date, of whom 58 (18%) were complex patients.

Intervention (February 2023 to May 2023)

We tried to help complex patients participate in the screening programme using either in-person or telephone patient navigation. Each intervention was piloted by a physician-researcher and then performed by a medical assistant. Based on the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance framework, we collected: Intervention participation and refusal, screening acceptance and completion and both patients and medical assistant acceptability (ie, qualitative interviews).

Results

Only 4/58 (7%) patients participated in the in-person patient navigation test phase due to scheduling problems. All four patients accepted a prescription and 2/4 (50%) completed their test. We piloted a telephone intervention to bypass scheduling issues but all patients refused a telephone discussion with the medical assistant. At two months after the last intervention, the proportion of patients up-to-date increased from 51% to 56%.

Conclusion

Our overall approach was resource-intensive and had little impact on the overall participation rate. It was likely not sustainable. New approaches and reimbursement for a specific patient navigator role are needed to increase CRC screening of complex patients.
Reference values for reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent in healthy Chinese children under 5 years and its associations with various blood parameters
Authors: Tung Keith Tsz Suen , Chen Chen , Chiu Yung Tuen , So Hung Kwan , So Chi Chiu , Ip Patrick
Published: August 2024

Background

Reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent (RET-He) is a useful tool for evaluating recent iron usage irrespective of inflammatory status. This study aims to establish a reference for RET-He among Hong Kong healthy children under the age of 5 years and to investigate the association between RET-He and various blood parameters.

Methods

A total of 946 children aged 2–48 months from July 2019 to December 2022 were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The RET-He and other haematological parameters were measured by the haematology analyser from Sysmex XN-9100/XN-1500. The ferritin test was performed with the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Interval 2.5th percentile to 97.5th percentile represented the normal RET-He ranges. Linear multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relation between RET-He and various blood parameters. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the sensitivity and specificity of RET-He in identifying iron deficiency.

Results

The RET-He in the study population was approximately normally distributed. The age-specific lower limit of RET-He ranges from 25.81 pg (25–36 months) to 27.15 pg (13–24 months). RET-He was found to be lower in the age group 2–6 months (mean=29.47 pg) and 7–12 months (mean=29.41 pg). Changes in RET-He and haemoglobin in relation to age were observed in both sexes (both p<0.001). RET-He was influenced by age, some red blood cell parameters and reticulocyte concentrations (all p<0.05). A cut-off value of RET-He ≤27.8 pg was determined for identifying iron deficiency.

Conclusions

RET-He levels varied with age, with a relatively lower level in infants than in other age groups. The value below the age-specific lower limit of the reference range of RET-He can be used as a limit for preliminary iron-deficiency screening.
Assessing the health impacts of parenthood on people with cystic fibrosis: the HOPeCF prospective cohort protocol
Authors: Kazmerski Traci M , Stransky Olivia M , Lee MinJae , Prangley Kelly A , Jain Raksha , Georgiopoulos Anna M , Shaw Daniel S , Taylor-Cousar Jennifer
Published: August 2024

Introduction

People with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living longer and healthier lives with a growing number considering and pursuing parenthood. The decision of whether to become a parent is complex for people with CF, and CF is a major factor in reproductive decision-making. Unfortunately, in people with CF who become parents, there are no prospective studies of disease trajectory, no data on the impact of parenthood on mental health, disease self-management, or quality of life, and no research regarding non-genetic parenthood.

Methods and analysis

Health Outcomes of Parents with CF (HOPeCF) is a prospective, multicentre observational cohort study which will enrol 146 new parents with CF of children less than 5 years of age. The primary aim of this 60-month study is to assess the rate of lung function decline as impacted by mental health, parental stress and responsibility, and the use of CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators. In addition, we will conduct dyadic interviews with a subset of study participants and their key supports (partner/family/friend) to inform future interventions.

Ethics and dissemination

This longitudinal, observational multicentre study is a necessary and timely step in understanding parental health outcomes in CF and will provide data essential for care guidance to people with CF, their partners, and healthcare providers. The University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board approved this study (STUDY23080161). As people with a variety of paediatric-onset chronic diseases are living longer and considering parenthood, these results may have widespread applicability and will be distributed at international meetings and submitted to peer-reviewed journals.
Physiological and perceptual responses of wearing a dryrobe for rewarming after passive cold-water immersion in men
Authors: Read Dale B , Flood Tess R , Harwood Amy E , Dos’Santos Thomas , Weakley Jonathon J S , Evans Gethin H
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To investigate the physiological and perceptual responses to wearing a dryrobe for rewarming after passive cold-water immersion (CWI).

Methods

15 unhabituated healthy Caucasian men (age: 28.9 (5.4) years) attended the laboratory on three occasions and performed passive CWI (14°C) for 30 min followed by 15 min of rewarming wearing either a dryrobe, towel or foil blanket while positioned in front of fans replicating a 10 mph wind. Physiological (deep body temperature, skin temperature and heart rate) and perceptual (thermal sensation and thermal comfort) variables were measured.

Results

At 15 min post-immersion, deep body temperature was higher in the dryrobe condition (mean: 37.09 (SD: 0.49)°C) compared with the foil blanket (36.98 (0.64)°C) and towel (36.99 (0.49)°C) (p<0.001). On average across the 15 min post-immersion period, the dryrobe increased skin temperature to the greatest degree (18.9 (1.0)°C, +2.4°C), compared with the foil blanket (18.1 (1.2)°C, +1.8°C, p=0.034) and the towel (16.6 (1.2)°C, +1.3°C, p<0.001). Average heart rate across the 15 min post-immersion period was lower when wearing the dryrobe (dryrobe: 74 (10) b.min−1, foil blanket: 78 (6) b.min–1and towel: 82 (14) b.min−1(p=0.015). Thermal sensation and thermal comfort were higher at all post-immersion time points in the dryrobe compared with the foil blanket and towel.

Conclusions

During the rewarming period following CWI, physiological and perceptual responses are improved when wearing clothing that combines an insulative layer with a vapour barrier, such as the dryrobe compared with a towel or foil blanket. This might have future implications for safety recommendations during rewarming.
“I’d rather do that (Knee Control) than be injured and not able to play”: a qualitative study on youth floorball players’ and coaches’ perspectives of how to overcome barriers for injury prevention exercise programme use
Authors: Åkerlund Ida , Sonesson Sofi , Lindblom Hanna , Hagelin Eric , Carlfjord Siw , Hägglund Martin
Published: August 2024

This study explored youth floorball players’ and coaches’ perspectives on using the injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs)Knee ControlorKnee Control+(Knee Controlprogrammes) and how to overcome barriers to programme use. We used a qualitative design with eight semistructured focus group discussions, six with players, 11–17 years old (n =42) and two with coaches (n =12). Data analysis followed the principles of qualitative content analysis. Three main categories emerged: challenges related to preventive training, promoting factors and solutions to facilitate the use of preventive training. To overcome barriers, players and coaches gave examples of how to tailor preventive programmes, such as adding joyful sport specific components. Player-perceived improved performance, with increased strength and speed from the preventive training, could be a promoting factor to increase motivation and enable IPEP use. Players and coaches offered examples of how to adapt and progress the preventive training by progressing gradually and choosing exercises that fit the team. Coaches emphasised that preventive training is important but difficult to prioritise in time-limited training sessions. Coaches’ suggestions to overcome barriers were through collaboration and support from other coaches, to start using the IPEP at an early age, to keep it simple and motivating the players with, for example, positive role models. Players found theKnee Controlexercises boring but necessary for injury prevention. Sometimes, coaches felt uncertain of their competence to use theKnee Controlprogrammes and wished for support from the federation, club and other coaches. Players and coaches shared ideas on how to overcome barriers to IPEP use, such as to increase players’ motivation, having a good structure, setting up routines for preventive training and to tailor the preventive training to the team. These findings can be used to further develop practical workshops and recommendations for programme use for players and coaches in youth team ball sports.
Exploring the relationship between low energy availability, depression and eating disorders in female athletes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Halioua Robin , Wasserfurth Paulina , Toepffer Désirée , Claussen Malte Christian , Koehler Karsten
Published: August 2024

Objective

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the role of low energy availability (LEA) in the interplay between depression and disordered eating/eating disorders (DE/EDs) among female athletes. The International Olympic Committee consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) identified depression as both an outcome of LEA and a secondary risk factor for REDs. However, the direct link between LEA and depression has yet to be fully established.

Methods

We assessed 57 female athletes participating in weight-sensitive sports at different levels of competition training at least four times a week. Assessment was conducted using laboratory analyses, clinical interviews and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 questionnaire. Participants were recruited through various channels, including German sports clubs, Olympic training centres, social media platforms and the distribution of flyers at competitions. Indicators of LEA were defined if at least two of the following three physiological indicators were present: menstrual disturbances, suppressed resting metabolic rate and suppressed thyroid hormones. Logistic and linear regression analysis were used to examine the relationship between LEA, depression and DE/ED.

Results

The lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders was 29.6%. 19% of the participants were diagnosed with an ED, and an additional 22.6% exhibited DE.

LEA was not significantly associated with either lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders or current depressive symptoms. However, a significant association was found between depression and DE/ED in terms of both lifetime prevalence and current depressive symptoms. DE/ED increased the probability of lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders by 34% (19%–49%) compared with normal eating behaviour.

Conclusion

We found no evidence that LEA is an independent factor for depression in female athletes. Its association with LEA and REDs appears to occur primarily in the presence of DE/ED.
Differences in the technical performance of heading between men and women football players during FIFA World Cup 2022 and FIFA Women’s World Cup 2023 matches
Authors: Peek Kerry , Georgieva Julia , Serner Andreas , Orest Filip
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To compare the incidence of headers, attempted headers, and other head impacts, and the difference in heading descriptors, including technical performance, between men and women in a purposive sample of FIFA World Cup 2022 (FWC22) and FIFA Women’s World Cup (FWWC23) matches.

Methods

Video analysis of all observed headers, attempted headers and other head impacts during eight FWC matches (FWC22 (n=4); FWWC23 (n=4)) where the same national teams competed. Heading descriptors (including ball delivery method, purpose of the header and involvement of other players) and technical performance of each header (including controlled or uncontrolled header, use of upper body, point of head contact) were analysed using negative binomial regression analyses with men as the reference group (reported as incidence rate ratios (IRR)). Timing of eye closure was analysed using a t-test; α-error, p=<0.05.

Results

From 973 head impacts, 845 (87%) were headers (FWC22 mean 5.0 headers/player/match, FWWC23 mean 4.6 headers/player/match), 93 (10%) were attempted headers and 35 (4%) were unintentional head impacts. When compared with men, women were less likely to perform controlled headers (73% vs 83%, IRR 1.20, p=0.01), use their foreheads (IRR 2.36, p=<0.001) and their upper body during the header (80% vs 88%, IRR 1.29, p=0.005). Women also closed their eyes earlier before the header (1.91 vs 1.56 frames, d=0.41, p=0.002).

Conclusion

There were significant differences in heading technique between women and men, which could be important to address in training to improve heading performance and potentially reduce short-term and long-term burden of heading.