bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotational excitation and de-excitation of interstellar chloronium cation in collisions with helium atoms
Authors: Mehnen Bilel , Hendaoui Hamza , Ajili Yosra , Al-Mogren Muneerah Mogren , Żuchowski Piotr , Hochlaf Majdi
Published: March 2024

Chloronium, H2Cl+, is detected in astrophysical media. It is key chemical intermediate for understanding of the physical chemistry of chlorine species there. At present, we compute the collision rates for the rotational excitation and de-excitation of ortho- and para-H2Cl+ colliding with He for T ≤ 150 K, relevant for the interstellar medium (ISM) conditions. Prior to that, we generated the 3D interaction potential of the weakly bound H2Cl+-He complex along the Jacobi coordinates. For electronic structure computations, we used a post-Hartree-Fock explicitly correlated method at the CCSD(T)-F12/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The analytical expansion of this potential was incorporated into close coupling computations of the cross-sections for the rotational excitation and de-excitation of ortho- and para-H2Cl+ colliding with He and for collision kinetic energies Ek ≤ 1000 cm−1. The rates were obtained after averaging these cross-sections over a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of kinetic energies. Our data show that the ∆j=∆ka=∆kc=−1 de-excitation transitions exhibit the largest values, in particular those used to identify this cation in the surveys. Besides, our results should help for determining more accurate abundances of H2Cl+ in the ISM and thus better modelling the chlorine chemistry there.
Formation of super-Mercuries via giant impacts
Authors: Dou Jingyao , Carter Philip J , Leinhardt Zoë M
Published: March 2024

During the final stage of planetary formation, different formation pathways of planetary embryos could significantly influence the observed variations in planetary densities. Of the approximately 5000 exoplanets identified to date, a notable subset exhibits core fractions reminiscent of Mercury, potentially a consequence of high-velocity giant impacts. In order to better understand the influence of such collisions on planetary formation and compositional evolution, we conducted an extensive set of smoothed particle hydrodynamics giant impact simulations between two-layered rocky bodies. These simulations spanned a broad range of impact velocities from 1 to 11 times the mutual escape velocity. We derived novel scaling laws that estimate the mass and core mass fraction of the largest post-collision remnants. Our findings indicate that the extent of core vaporization markedly influences mantle stripping efficiency at low impact angles. We delineate the distinct roles played by two mechanisms – kinetic momentum transfer and vaporization-induced ejection – in mantle stripping. Our research suggests that collisional outcomes for multilayered planets are more complex than those for undifferentiated planetesimal impacts. Thus, a single universal law may not encompass all collision processes. We found a significant decrease in the mantle stripping efficiency as the impact angle increases. To form a 5 M⊕ super-Mercury at 45°, an impact velocity over 200 km s−1 is required. This poses a challenge to the formation of super-Mercuries through a single giant impact, implying that their formation would favour either relatively low-angle single impacts or multiple collisions.
PAPipe: A Pipeline for Comprehensive Population Genetic Analysis
Authors: Park Nayoung , Kim Hyeonji , Oh Jeongmin , Kim Jinseok , Heo Charyeong , Kim Jaebum
Published: March 2024

Advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have led to a substantial increase in the availability of population genetic variant data, thus prompting the development of various population analysis tools to enhance our understanding of population structure and evolution. The tools that are currently used to analyze population genetic variant data generally require different environments, parameters, and formats of the input data, which can act as a barrier preventing the wide-spread usage of such tools by general researchers who may not be familiar with bioinformatics. To address this problem, we have developed an automated and comprehensive pipeline called PAPipe to perform nine widely used population genetic analyses using population NGS data. PAPipe seamlessly interconnects and serializes multiple steps, such as read trimming and mapping, genetic variant calling, data filtering, and format converting, along with nine population genetic analyses such as principal component analysis, phylogenetic analysis, population tree analysis, population structure analysis, linkage disequilibrium decay analysis, selective sweep analysis, population admixture analysis, sequentially Markovian coalescent analysis, and fixation index analysis. PAPipe also provides an easy-to-use web interface that allows for the parameters to be set and the analysis results to be browsed in intuitive manner. PAPipe can be used to generate extensive results that provide insights that can help enhance user convenience and data usability. PAPipe is freely available at https://github.com/jkimlab/PAPipe.
Splicing analysis of STAT3 tandem donor suggests non-canonical binding registers for U1 and U6 snRNAs
Authors: Kramárek Michal , Souček Přemysl , Réblová Kamila , Grodecká Lucie Kajan , Freiberger Tomáš
Published: March 2024

Tandem donor splice sites (5′ss) are unique regions with at least two GU dinucleotides serving as splicing cleavage sites. The Δ3 tandem 5′ss are a specific subclass of 5′ss separated by 3 nucleotides which can affect protein function by inserting/deleting a single amino acid. One 5′ss is typically preferred, yet factors governing particular 5′ss choice are not fully understood. A highly conserved exon 21 of the STAT3 gene was chosen as a model to study Δ3 tandem 5′ss splicing mechanisms. Based on multiple lines of experimental evidence, endogenous U1 snRNA most likely binds only to the upstream 5′ss. However, the downstream 5′ss is used preferentially, and the splice site choice is not dependent on the exact U1 snRNA binding position. Downstream 5′ss usage was sensitive to exact nucleotide composition and dependent on the presence of downstream regulatory region. The downstream 5′ss usage could be best explained by two novel interactions with endogenous U6 snRNA. U6 snRNA enables the downstream 5′ss usage in STAT3 exon 21 by two mechanisms: (i) binding in a novel non-canonical register and (ii) establishing extended Watson–Crick base pairing with the downstream regulatory region. This study suggests that U6:5′ss interaction is more flexible than previously thought.
A comparison of the epidemiology of kidney replacement therapy between Europe and the United States: 2021 data of the ERA Registry and the USRDS
Authors: Stel Vianda S , Boenink Rianne , Astley Megan E , Boerstra Brittany A , Radunovic Danilo , Skrunes Rannveig , Ruiz San Millán Juan C , Slon Roblero Maria F , Bell Samira , Ucio Mingo Pablo , ten Dam Marc A G J , Ambühl Patrice M , Resic Halima , Rodríguez Arévalo Olga Lucia , Aresté-Fosalba Nuria , Tort i Bardolet Jaume , Lassalle Mathilde , Trujillo-Alemán Sara , Indridason Olafur S , Artamendi Marta , Finne Patrik , Rodríguez Camblor Marta , Nitsch Dorothea , Hommel Kristine , Moustakas George , Kerschbaum Julia , Lausevic Mirjana , Jager Kitty J , Ortiz Alberto , Kramer Anneke
Published: March 2024

Background

This paper compares the most recent data on the incidence and prevalence of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), kidney transplantation rates, and mortality on KRT from Europe to those from the United States (US), including comparisons of treatment modalities (haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and kidney transplantation (KTx)).

Methods

Data were derived from the annual reports of the European Renal Association (ERA) Registry and the United States Renal Data System (USRDS). The European data include information from national and regional renal registries providing the ERA Registry with individual patient data. Additional analyses were performed to present results for all participating European countries together.

Results

In 2021, the KRT incidence in the US (409.7 per million population (pmp)) was almost 3-fold higher than in Europe (144.4 pmp). Despite the substantial difference in KRT incidence, approximately the same proportion of patients initiated HD (Europe: 82%, US: 84%), PD (14%; 13%, respectively), or underwent pre-emptive KTx (4%; 3%, respectively). The KRT prevalence in the US (2436.1 pmp) was 2-fold higher than in Europe (1187.8 pmp). Within Europe, approximately half of all prevalent patients were living with a functioning graft (47%), while in the US, this was one third (32%). The number of kidney transplantations performed was almost twice as high in the US (77.0 pmp) compared to Europe (41.6 pmp). The mortality of patients receiving KRT was 1.6-fold higher in the US (157.3 per 1000 patient years) compared to Europe (98.7 per 1000 patient years).

Conclusions

The US had a much higher KRT incidence, prevalence, and mortality compared to Europe, and despite a higher kidney transplantation rate, a lower proportion of prevalent patients with a functioning graft.
How can inhibition of glucose and sodium transport in the early proximal tubule protect the cardiorenal system?
Authors: Vallon Volker
Published: March 2024

What mechanisms can link the inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the early proximal tubule to kidney and heart protection in patients with and without type 2 diabetes? Due to physical and functional coupling of SGLT2 to other sodium and metabolite transporters in the early proximal tubule (including NHE3, URAT1), inhibitors of SGLT2 (SGLT2i) reduce reabsorption not only of glucose, inducing osmotic diuresis, but of other metabolites plus of a larger amount of sodium than expected based on SGLT2 inhibition alone, thereby reducing volume retention, hypertension and hyperuricemia. Metabolic adaptations to SGLT2i include a fasting-like response, with enhanced lipolysis and formation of ketone bodies that serve as additional fuel for kidneys and heart. Making use of the physiology of tubulo-glomerular communication, SGLT2i functionally lower glomerular capillary pressure and filtration rate, thereby reducing physical stress on the glomerular filtration barrier, tubular exposure to albumin and nephrotoxic compounds, and the oxygen demand for reabsorbing the filtered load. Together with reduced gluco-toxicity in the early proximal tubule and better distribution of transport work along the nephron, SGLT2i can preserve tubular integrity and transport function and, thereby, glomerular filtration rate in the long-term. By shifting transport downstream, SGLT2i may simulate systemic hypoxia at the oxygen sensors in the deep cortex/outer medulla, which stimulates erythropoiesis and, together with osmotic diuresis, enhances hematocrit and thereby improves oxygen delivery to all organs. The described SGLT2-dependent effects may be complemented by off-target effects of SGLT2i on the heart itself and on the microbiome formation of cardiovascular-effective uremic toxins.
Global health status and fatigue score in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant diffuse glioma grades 2 and 3: A longitudinal population-based study from surgery to 12-month follow-up
Authors: Gómez Vecchio Tomás , Rydén Isabelle , Ozanne Anneli , Blomstrand Malin , Carstam Louise , Smits Anja , Jakola Asgeir Store
Published: March 2024

Background

At the group level, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with IDH-mutant diffuse glioma grades 2 and 3 seems to remain stable over time. However, clinical experience indicates that there are patients with unfavorable outcomes on key HRQoL subdomains. The aim of this longitudinal population-based study, following patients over a period of 12 months from surgery, was to describe individual-level data on global health status and fatigue score and explore possible predictors of deterioration.

Methods

All patients undergoing surgery for presumed glioma grades 2 or 3 at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital during 2017–2022, were screened for the study. Patients were invited to complete the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer core questionnaires and brain module at baseline, 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Data is reported with respect to minimal clinical important difference (MCID).

Results

We included 51 patients with IDH-mutant diffuse glioma grades 2 or 3. There was no difference in group-level data of either global health status or fatigue score from baseline to the 12-month follow-up (P-value > .05). Unfavorable individual changes (beyond MCID) in global health status and fatigue score were observed in 12 and in 17 patients, respectively (23.5% and 33.3%). A lower proportion of proton radiotherapy was found in patients with unfavorable changes in fatigue (10/15, 66.7%) compared to all other patients undergoing radiotherapy (22/23, 95.7%, P-value .03).

Conclusions

Deterioration beyond MCID was seen in approximately one-third of patients. Changes in global health status could not be predicted, but changes in fatigue may be influenced by tumor-targeted and symptomatic treatment.
Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors in the Era of Antiretroviral Drugs With a Low Metabolic Toxicity Profile
Authors: Montes Maria Luisa , Busca Carmen , Espinosa Nuria , Bernardino José Ignacio , Ibarra-Ugarte Sofia , Martín-Carbonero Luz , Moreno Cristina , Macias Juan , Rivero Antonio , Cervero-Jiménez Miguel , González-García Juan
Published: March 2024

Objective

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen dramatically. Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), chronic disease (now >15 cases/1000 in the general population worldwide) and long-term exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) can alter metabolic processes early, favoring insulin resistance and T2DM. We retrospectively studied the incidence of T2DM and associated factors in the Cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network, a prospective cohort of PLHIV enrolled at diagnosis and before initiation of ART.

Methods

PLHIV were aged >18 years and ART naive at inclusion. The incidence of new diagnoses of T2DM after initiation of ART (per 1000 person-years) was calculated. Predictors of a diagnosis of T2DM were identified by a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for statistically significant and clinically relevant variables.

Results

Cumulative incidence was 5.9 (95% CI, 5.1–6.7) per 1000 person-years, increasing significantly in persons aged >50 years to 14.4 (95% CI, 10.4–19.3). Median time to diagnosis of T2DM was 27 months. Only age and higher education were significant. Interestingly, higher education was associated with a 33% reduction in the incidence of T2DM. Having received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate + (lamivudine or emtricitabine) + rilpivirine was almost significant as a protective factor (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, .24–1.01; P = .05).

Conclusions

The incidence of T2DM in PLHIV in Spain was high, especially in persons aged >50 years. Age was the factor most closely associated with onset, and educational level was the factor most associated with reduced risk. We highlight the lack of association between HIV-related factors and T2DM and show that, within nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, rilpivirine could prove more benign for metabolic comorbidities.
Serial Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Aspergillus Galactomannan and Treatment Response in Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Friedman Daniel Z P , Theel Elitza S , Walker Randall C , Vikram Holenarasipur R , Razonable Raymund R , Vergidis Paschalis
Published: March 2024

We studied patients diagnosed with aspergillosis based on positive bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) Aspergillus galactomannan (GM) who had follow-up BAL sampling within 180 days. GM trend and clinical outcome were concordant in only 60% (30/50). While useful for the initial diagnosis, BAL GM trending does not always correlate with treatment response.
Esophageal Candidiasis–Associated Hospitalizations: Declining Rates and Changes in Underlying Conditions, United States, 2010–2020
Authors: Gold Jeremy A W , Benedict Kaitlin
Published: March 2024

In a nationally representative hospital discharge database, esophageal candidiasis–associated hospitalization rates per 100 000 population steadily declined from 17.0 (n = 52 698, 2010) to 12.9 (n = 42 355, 2020). During this period, a decreasing percentage of EC-associated hospitalizations involved HIV and an increasing percentage involved gastroesophageal reflux disease, diabetes, and long-term steroid use.
Protracted and Progressive Crustal Melting during Continental Collision in the Pamir and Plateau Growth
Authors: Tang Gong-Jian , Wyman Derek A , Dan Wei , Wang Qiang , Liu Xi-Jun , Yang Ya-Nan , Gadoev Mustafo , Oimahmadov Ilhomjon
Published: March 2024

Determining crustal melting in parallel with geodynamic evolution provides critical information on plateau crustal thickening and uplift. Here we investigate the timing and duration of crustal melting through in situ analysis of zircon U–Pb ages, trace elements and Hf–O isotopes, and whole-rock elements and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes for the granites and high-grade metamorphic rocks from the Pamir Plateau. Zircon dates record protracted crustal melting for both Central Pamir (43–33 and 22–12 Ma) and South Pamir (28–10 Ma). The Pamir Cenozoic granites are characterized by significant elemental and isotopic heterogeneity. The elemental variability within the Pamir Cenozoic granites is dominantly attributed to fractional crystallization of K-feldspar and plagioclase with subordinate biotite from a variably fractionated melt, and the accumulation of early crystallized feldspar during magma ascent. Peritectic mineral entrainment and accessory mineral crystallization had some influence on the geochemical characteristics of the garnet-bearing leucogranite dikes. Zircon Hf isotopes and whole-rock Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes show secular variations for both Central and South Pamir granites. The Central Pamir granites show a mild decrease in whole-rock ƐNd(t) values from Eocene (−4.3 to −4.9) to Miocene (−6.2 to −7.7), and the zircon ƐHf(t) values decrease from c. 40 Ma (+2 to −5) to c. 10 Ma (−4 to −8). In contrast, the South Pamir granites have highly variable whole-rock Sr–Nd–Hf (87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.7053 to 0.7830; ƐNd(t) = −31.5 to +0.2; ƐHf(t) = −40.0 to +8.2) and zircon Hf isotopes (ƐHf(t) = −31.7 to +7.5) and display a strong decrease in ƐNd(t) and ƐHf(t) values from c. 25 Ma to c. 13 Ma. Geochemical and isotopic data indicate that both the Central and South Pamir experienced crustal melting from juvenile lower crust to ancient lower-middle crustal materials, and Indian crustal materials were incorporated into the melt region of the South Pamir leucogranites from c. 20 Ma. Our study highlights a causal link between a chain of events that includes magma underplating induced by lithosphere thinning and slab breakoff, lithosphere delamination and underthrusting of Indian lithosphere, and formation of the Cenozoic granites in Pamir. This series of processes are incorporated here into a comprehensive model for the geodynamic evolution of the Pamir during the India–Asia collision.
Transcription factor NtNAC56 regulates jasmonic acid-induced leaf senescence in tobacco
Authors: Chang Wei , Zhao Huina , Chen Hongqiao , Jiao Guixiang , Yu Jing , Wang Bing , Xia Haiqian , Meng Boyu , Li Xiaodong , Yu Mengna , Li Shengting , Qian Mingchao , Fan Yonghai , Zhang Kai , Lei Bo , Lu Kun
Published: March 2024

Leaf senescence is a vital aspect of plant physiology and stress responses and is induced by endogenous factors and environmental cues. The plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factor family influences growth, development, and stress responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and other species. However, the roles of NACs in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf senescence are still unclear. Here, we report that NtNAC56 regulates leaf senescence in tobacco. Transgenic plants overexpressing NtNAC56 (NtNAC56-OE) showed induction of senescence-related genes and exhibited early senescence and lower chlorophyll content compared to wild-type (WT) plants and the Ntnac56-19 mutant. In addition, root development and seed germination were inhibited in the NtNAC56-OE lines. Transmission electron microscopy observations accompanied by physiological and biochemical assays revealed that NtNAC56 overexpression triggers chloroplast degradation and reactive oxygen species accumulation in tobacco leaves. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that NtNAC56 activates leaf senescence-related genes and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway genes. In addition, the JA content of NtNAC56-OE plants was higher than in WT plants, and JA treatment induced NtNAC56 expression. We performed DNA affinity purification sequencing to identify direct targets of NtNAC56, among which we focused on LIPOXYGENASE 5 (NtLOX5), a key gene in JA biosynthesis. A dual-luciferase reporter assay and a yeast one-hybrid assay confirmed that NtNAC56 directly binds to the TTTCTT motif in the NtLOX5 promoter. Our results reveal a mechanism whereby NtNAC56 regulates JA-induced leaf senescence in tobacco and provide a strategy for genetically manipulating leaf senescence and plant growth.
A small molecule MST1/2 inhibitor accelerates murine liver regeneration with improved survival in models of steatohepatitis
Authors: Watkins Ryan , Gamo Ana , Choi Seung Hyuk , Kumar Manoj , Buckarma EeeLN , McCabe Chantal , Tomlinson Jennifer , Pereya David , Lupse Blaz , Geravandi Shirin , Werneburg Nathan W , Wang Chen , Starlinger Patrick , Zhu Siying , Li Sijia , Yu Shan , Surakattula Murali , Baguley Tyler , Ardestani Amin , Maedler Kathrin , Roland Jason , Nguyen-Tran Van , Joseph Sean , Petrassi Mike , Rogers Nikki , Gores Gregory , Chatterjee Arnab , Tremblay Matthew , Shen Weijun , Smoot Rory
Published: March 2024

Dysfunctional liver regeneration following surgical resection remains a major cause of postoperative mortality and has no therapeutic options. Without targeted therapies, the current treatment paradigm relies on supportive therapy until homeostasis can be achieved. Pharmacologic acceleration of regeneration represents an alternative therapeutic avenue. Therefore, we aimed to generate a small molecule inhibitor that could accelerate liver regeneration with an emphasis on diseased models, which represent a significant portion of patients who require surgical resection and are often not studied. Utilizing a clinically approved small molecule inhibitor as a parent compound, standard medicinal chemistry approaches were utilized to generate a small molecule inhibitor targeting serine/threonine kinase 4/3 (MST1/2) with reduced off-target effects. This compound, mCLC846, was then applied to preclinical models of murine partial hepatectomy, which included models of diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). mCLC846 demonstrated on target inhibition of MST1/2 and reduced epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition. The inhibitory effects resulted in restored pancreatic beta-cell function and survival under diabetogenic conditions. Liver-specific cell-line exposure resulted in Yes-associated protein activation. Oral delivery of mCLC846 perioperatively resulted in accelerated murine liver regeneration and improved survival in diet-induced MASH models. Bulk transcriptional analysis of regenerating liver remnants suggested that mCLC846 enhanced the normal regenerative pathways and induced them following liver resection. Overall, pharmacological acceleration of liver regeneration with mCLC846 was feasible, had an acceptable therapeutic index, and provided a survival benefit in models of diet-induced MASH.
Losing ground: business power, standardized assets and the regulation of land acquisition taxes in Germany and Sweden
Authors: Doose Hanna
Published: March 2024

Previous literature on the nexus between land, finance and business power has not systematically analysed the role of the liquidity of businesses’ assets. Combining process tracing with a comparative design, this study contributes a perspective on the role of standardized assets for business power. It investigates land acquisition tax reforms asking why institutional landowners’ structural and instrumental power was successful in Sweden but not in Germany. In Germany, a reform was passed in 2021 which disadvantages the private market institutional landowners compared to their public counterparts. This study argues that the standardization of landed property as liquid stock enabled publicly listed property companies to unite with other stock market actors, increasing their power resources and allowing them to successfully promote their interests due to the liquidity demands of their assets. This stands in contrast to the poorer reception of the liquidity of private market actors in their land-related transactions.
The Charge of the Light Cy-près
Authors: Sanderson Harry , Goldberg Samuel
Published: March 2024

The cy-près doctrine empowers courts to rescue funds held on a frustrated charitable trust by applying them to a different purpose. In Zedra Fiduciary Services (UK) Ltd v HM Attorney General [2023] EWCA Civ 133, the Court of Appeal upheld a decision applying the funds of a substantial and unusual charitable trust towards relieving the UK’s national debt. In this article, we offer a brief history of the trust before considering the Court of Appeal’s judgment. We argue that the decision is justified, but reveals flaws in legislative reforms, which have sought to create more flexibility in the doctrine.
Exploring the relationship between environment and brain morphology in anurans: a comparative phylogenetic approach
Authors: Rodrigues Maycon Vitor , de Carvalho-e-Silva Sergio Potsch , Rödel Mark-Oliver , de Mello Bezerra Andressa
Published: March 2024

The correlation of ecological and behavioural characteristics with morphological features of brain structures has been recurrently corroborated for different vertebrate taxa, such as mammals, birds, and fishes. Here, we asked whether such correlations can also be detected in amphibians, an animal group of great interest due to its great behavioural and ecological diversity. We analysed the shape of two brain regions, cerebellum and optic tectum, of 67 species from 32 families of the order Anura (frogs and toads), applying 2D geometric morphometrics in a phylogenetic context. We found species that share similar environments and daily patterns have a similarly shaped cerebellum and optic tectum, with diurnal and arboreal species with more varied brain shapes. We did not find a correlation between activity mode or lifestyle with shape for both brain regions; however, we found that shared ancestry had an influence in their evolution. Future studies including a higher number of species from each ecological group, and from more families, would help to better clarify whether the patterns found here are a general rule for anurans.
Impacts of the Ban on the Soil-Applied Fumigant Methyl Bromide
Authors: Rosskopf Erin , Gioia Francesco Di , Vincent Isaac , Hong Jason , Zhao Xin
Published: March 2024

The loss of the soil fumigant methyl bromide (MeBr) and adoption of soil fumigant alternatives has been challenging for farmers, particularly for those crops in which pathogens previously controlled by MeBr have emerged as significant problems, but it has resulted in some unanticipated benefits for the scientific community and the environment. Applauded as one of the most effective environmental agreements to date, the universally accepted Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances has had a significant impact on the environment, reducing the release of halogenated compounds from anthropogenic sources enough to mitigate global warming by an estimated 1.1°C by 2021. The funding associated with various MeBr transition programs has increased collaboration across scientific disciplines, commodity groups, industry, and regulatory agencies. Chemical alternatives and improved application strategies, including the development of gas-retentive agricultural films, coupled with sound efficacy data and grower ingenuity have resulted in the sustained production of many of the impacted crops; although there has been some loss of acreage and value, particularly for Florida fumigated crops, for some, value has continued to increase, allowing production to continue. The loss of a single, broad-spectrum tool for pest control has led to a deeper understanding of the specific pest complexes impacting these at-risk crops, as well as the development of new, biologically based management tools for their control while increasing our understanding of the role of the soil microbiome in pest control and crop production.
Renal Congestion in Heart Failure: Insights in Novel Diagnostic Modalities
Authors: Dimitriadis Kyriakos , Damianaki Aikaterini , Bletsa Evanthia , Pyrpyris Nikolaos , Tsioufis Panagiotis , Theofilis Panagiotis , Beneki Eirini , Tatakis Fotis , Kasiakogias Alexandros , Oikonomou Evangelos , Petras Dimitrios , Siasos Gerasimos , Aggeli Konstantina , Tsioufis Konstantinos
Published: March 2024

Heart failure is increasingly prevalent and is estimated to increase its burden in the following years. A well-reported comorbidity of heart failure is renal dysfunction, where predominantly changes in the patient’s volume status, tubular necrosis or other mechanical and neurohormonal mechanisms seem to drive this impairment. Currently, there are established biomarkers evaluating the patient’s clinical status solely regarding the cardiovascular or renal system. However, as the coexistence of heart and renal failure is common and related to increased mortality and hospitalization for heart failure, it is of major importance to establish novel diagnostic techniques, which could identify patients with or at risk for cardiorenal syndrome and assist in selecting the appropriate management for these patients. Such techniques include biomarkers and imaging. In regards to biomarkers, several peptides and miRNAs indicative of renal or tubular dysfunction seem to properly identify patients with cardiorenal syndrome early on in the course of the disease, while changes in their serum levels can also be helpful in identifying response to diuretic treatment. Current and novel imaging techniques can also identify heart failure patients with early renal insufficiency and assess the volume status and the effect of treatment of each patient. Furthermore, by assessing the renal morphology, these techniques could also help identify those at risk of kidney impairment. This review aims to present all relevant clinical and trial data available in order to provide an up-to-date summary of the modalities available to properly assess cardiorenal syndrome.
Long-term Change of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome in Survivors of Rectal Cancer: Longitudinal Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: He Siqi , Zhang Jinquan , Wang Runxian , Li Li , Sun Weipeng , Wang Jianping , Deng Yanhong , Liang Weiwen , Dou Ruoxu
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Postoperative bowel dysfunction, also known low anterior resection syndrome, is common in rectal cancer survivors and significantly impacts quality of life. Although long-term longitudinal follow-up is lacking, improvement of the syndrome is commonly believed to happen only within the first two years.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to depict the longitudinal evolvement of low anterior resection syndrome beyond 3 years and explores factors associated with the change.

DESIGN:

Longitudinal long-term follow-ups were performed for the single center with the largest cohort within the multi-center FOWARC randomized controlled trial.

SETTING:

A quaternary referral center.

PATIENTS:

Individuals diagnosed with rectal cancer who received long-course neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, followed by sphincter-preserving radical proctectomy.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS:

Change of low anterior resection syndrome score and stoma status.

RESULTS:

Of the 220 patients responding to the first follow‐up at a median of 39 months, 178 (80.9%) responded to the second follow-up after a median of 83 months. During the interval, mean low anterior resection syndrome score improved from 29.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.3–30.7) to 18.6 (95% CI 16.6–20.6). 56 (31.5%) patients reported improvement from major to no/minor severity, and 6 (3.4%) patients had new stoma due to severe bowel dysfunction. Neoadjuvant radiation (p = 0.016) was independently and negatively associated with improvement of the score.

LIMITATIONS:

Loss of follow-up during the long-term follow-ups.

CONCLUSION:

Most rectal cancer survivors with low anterior resection syndrome continued to improve beyond 3 years after proctectomy. Neoadjuvant radiation was negatively associated with long-term improvement of low anterior resection syndrome. See Video Abstract.
A Retrospective Study for Labia Minora Reduction by Serrated-shaped Resection
Authors: Wang Shou-Jie , Xu Kai , Chen Xiao-Ling , Shi Bang-Hui , Wang Hui , Wu Li-Hong , Chen Chun-Ye
Published: March 2024

Background:

The demand for genital plastic surgery has increased dramatically among female patients globally. Although various labia minora reduction procedures have been applied with different indications, advantages, and disadvantages, none has been universally accepted as the best method. So, we presented an innovative strategy for this increasingly demanded reconstructive procedure.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, we included 29 patients seen between November 2020 and May 2023 with hypertrophic labia minora. The patients with hypertrophic labia minora after serrated-shaped resection were included for analysis. Patient satisfaction and complications were evaluated through the follow-up after the operation.

Results:

Patients with a mean age of 27.1 years (range 19–47 y) performed labia minora reduction via serrated-shaped resection. One patient experienced incision dehiscence, requiring additional surgical revision. One patient experienced postoperative cosmetic asymmetry and also performed secondary repair surgery. One patient experienced urinary retention, which was relieved after urinary catheterization. High overall patient satisfaction has been achieved after a median follow-up of 6.7 months (range 1–24 months). No flap necrosis, sexual dysfunction, or hypertrophic scarring has been reported.

Conclusions:

Results suggested that serrated-shaped resection is a novel technique for repairing hypertrophic labia minora with high efficiency and satisfaction. The procedure could effectively improve the appearance of the labia minora and reduce complications.
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis to Gelatin during Alveolar Bone Grafting for Cleft Palate
Authors: Gehring Michael B. , Freedman Jonathan D. , Wolfe Brandon , French Brooke M. , Khechoyan David Y.
Published: March 2024

Intraoperative anaphylaxis can be life threatening. Anaphylaxis to gelatin-based topical hemostatic agents is an underrecognized hypersensitivity. To date, only 21 cases of intraoperative anaphylaxis have been reported for gelatin-based hemostatic agents. In this article, we report the case of a 10-year-old male patient who sustained anaphylaxis after the use of Gelfoam during harvest of a bone graft. Rapid diagnosis and treatment of intraoperative anaphylaxis is imperative to prevent adverse outcomes. Referral to an allergist for identification of the allergen and appropriate notation in the medical record are paramount to avoid future anaphylactic events. Surgeons should avoid gelatin-based hemostatic agents, such as Gelfoam, in patients with reported intolerance of gelatin-based foods and medicines.
Bilateral Hematoma Following Air Travel after Breast Augmentation: A Cautionary Tale and Literature Review
Authors: Kyriazidis Ioannis , Antoniou Antonios , Demiri Efterpi , Pavlidis Leonidas , Papas Athanasios
Published: March 2024

In this study, we report a rare incidence of bilateral hematoma following air travel in a patient who had recently undergone breast augmentation surgery. The case underscores the potential risks associated with flying shortly after such procedures. Through a literature review, we aimed to explore the incidence rates and highlight the need for further research in this area. This case report aims to raise awareness among healthcare professionals and patients about the need for cautious post-surgical travel planning to mitigate the risk of similar complications.
Microsurgical Practice with Use of Smartphone Camera as the Microscopic Field
Authors: Johnson Elise A. , Johnson R. Michael
Published: March 2024

Accessibility of microsurgical equipment is a major barrier to proper training of surgeons before live patient free flap surgery. A technique is presented that uses a smartphone camera as the microscopic field, eliminating the need for an expensive operative microscope for surgical practice. A convenient and cost-effective simulation protocol could reduce the time frame of the microsurgery learning curve. Furthermore, the use of the smartphone video function may allow improved feedback by mentors, improving access and communication between microsurgical teachers and learners. The PocketSuture smartphone stand is a commercially available device that allows the smartphone camera to be used as magnification. The proposed education protocol included suture practice, vessel dissection, and free tissue transfer in nonliving animal models, with vessel anastomosis and patency confirmation performed with a smartphone camera for field magnification. Video of the suturing technique allowed feedback from the mentor. A progressive suturing protocol leading to the ability to perform microsurgical anastomosis on nonliving animal models was developed. The basic costs for the stand, instrument set and suture were less than $500. The PocketSuture smartphone stand can be used for microsurgical training with real-time video for plastic surgery learners with limited access to microscopes and local mentors.
Effects of Marijuana Use in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Free Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Al-Saghir Tala , Vraa Alexander , Sawar Kinan , Jacobsen Gordon , Evangelista Maristella S. , Atisha Dunya
Published: March 2024

Background:

Marijuana use has been associated with vascular inflammation and clotting, resulting in endothelial damage and arteritis. As marijuana use rises in the United States, few studies have evaluated its impact on surgical outcomes and wound healing in free flap breast reconstruction.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing abdominal free flap breast reconstruction between 2016 and 2022 at a large metropolitan healthcare system was performed. Patient demographics, comorbidities, procedural details, and complications were analyzed. Minor complications were defined as skin or fat necrosis not requiring intervention, nipple loss, any wound requiring management in the clinic, hematoma, and seroma. Major complications were defined as reoperation, flap loss, cardiac or thromboembolic events, and hospital readmission. Active marijuana users were those with marijuana use within 12 weeks of surgery.

Results:

In total, 168 patients underwent 276 deep inferior epigastric artery-based flaps for breast reconstruction. There were 21 active marijuana users. There were no significant differences in patient demographics, cancer treatment, or minor and major complications. However, there were higher rates of active nicotine use (P = 0.001) and anxiety/depression amongst active marijuana users (P = 0.002). Active users had higher rates of bilateral breast reconstruction (P = 0.029), but no significant differences in other operative details.

Conclusions:

Active marijuana use of unknown frequency may be safe in patients undergoing breast free flap reconstruction. Advising marijuana abstinence preoperatively may not alter patient outcomes. Further studies of greater sample size are needed to evaluate marijuana’s impact on outcomes associated with breast reconstruction using free flap.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Lacrimal Gland Botulinum Toxin Using the TEARS Score
Authors: Hunt Samantha Vicki , Schulz Christopher Brian , Malhotra Raman
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Botulinum toxin (BoNTA) lacrimal gland injections are one treatment option for managing epiphora. Outcomes for epiphora in existing studies are subjective and lack grading. This study utilized validated grading instruments to evaluate the efficacy of BoNTA lacrimal gland injections.

Methods:

Prospective study evaluating the TEARS score and quality of life in patients receiving incobotulinum toxin (Xeomin) lacrimal gland injections for epiphora. Epiphora was graded using the TEARS score. Quality of life was evaluated using the watery eye quality of life score. Etiology, benefit duration, complications and additional injections were recorded.

Results:

Of the 28 patients, (median age 67.5 years), 19 (68%) had facial palsy gustatory epiphora (GE). Median effect duration was 13 weeks. Improvements in tearing frequency (T), clinical effects (E), and activity limitation (A) were seen in 57%, 57%, and 71% of patients, respectively. Median watery eye quality of life score improved from 42.4/100 ± 10.1 to 10.6 ± 15.5 (p < 0.001). Alongside crocodile tears, reflex tearing R-scores improved in 68% of patients with GE vs. 11% with non-GE causes (p = 0.004618). In total 89% of patients with GE and 56% with non-GE requested repeat injections. Self-reported percentage improvement ranged from 0% to 100% (median 60%, interquartile range 10%–76.25%).

Conclusions:

This is the first study reporting the outcomes of BoNTA lacrimal gland injections using validated TEARS and watery eye quality of life scores. Clinical and quality of life improvements are seen in most patients. Patients with GE achieve an additional improvement in dry eye-related reflex tearing alongside crocodile tears which both improve with BoNTA. TEARS data supports using BoNTA in these patients and is a useful validated grading instrument for epiphora.
Contemporary Perioperative Outcomes of Open Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Testicular Cancer
Authors: Qian Zhiyu , D'Andrea Vincent D. , Xiao Boyuan , Kielhofner Jane , Yim Kendrick , Stone Benjamin V. , Alkhatib Khalid Y. , Mossanen Matthew , Preston Mark , Steele Graeme S. , Clinton Timothy N.
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is an essential component of multimodal treatment of testicular cancer. The latest data on the perioperative outcomes of RPLNDs performed using the open approach (O-RPLND) dates back over a decade. We report our contemporary institutional perioperative outcomes with O-RPLND.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent O-RPLND between 2013 and 2022 across our institution. Clinical and demographic data were reviewed and recorded. Descriptive statistics and univariate analysis were performed with patients stratified according to primary RPLND and post-chemotherapy RPLND (PC-RPLND).

Results:

Our cohort included a total of 144 men. Seventy-seven percent of all cases were PC-RPLND. The PC-RPLND cohort showed higher preoperative clinical stages (81% vs 26% above cN1, P < .001; 41% vs 1% Stage 3, P < .001). PC-RPLND pathologies were more likely to be teratoma and necrosis or fibrosis (43% vs 6% and 39% vs 33%, P < .001). Estimated blood loss was significantly higher in the PC-RPLND group (291 vs 125 cc, P = .004). Operative time was longer for PC-RPLND (242 vs 196 minutes, P = .011). Length of stay and 30-day readmission rate were not significantly different between groups and averaged 4.3 days and 12%, respectively. Our most common complication was ileus (5%), followed by chyle leak (3%).

Conclusions:

While PC-RPLND becomes prominent for treating advanced testicular cancer, our recent data suggest positive perioperative results with O-RPLND. With long-term outcome data needed to appropriately select patients for robotic RPLND, O-RPLND in experienced hands continues to improve its outcome and remains the standard approach in the modern era.
The efficacy and safety of tonifying-kidney and invigorating-blood circulation (Bushen-Huoxue) formula on renal fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Liang Weijie , Lu Haiyun , Wu Jiandi , Luo Xiuwen , Kang Zhi , He Qian , Jiang Chenglong
Published: March 2024

Background:

The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing and the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) in end-stage renal disease is attributed to the development of various CKD. One of the treatments for RIF is an oral treatment known as Bushen-Huoxue (BSHX), which stimulates blood circulation and tonifies the kidney. Randomized controlled trials of BSHX treatment of RIF have been reported, but their efficacy and safety have not been comprehensively examined. Therefore, our study aims to describe the efficacy and safety of oral application of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula of BSHX on treating RIF in CKD by systematic analysis and meta-analysis.

Methods:

A total of 13 databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Wanfang China database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and China’s Conference Papers Database and China Dissertation database will be searched from inception to July 2023. In addition, other suitable search strategies will be used as well to complete this review. All randomized controlled trials that use the BSHX formula for RIF to apply TCM treatments externally for CKD will be included. The eligible studies will be selected to enroll by 2 independent researchers following a predetermined protocol. The review manager software (Rev-Man 5.3) will be used to assess the risk of bias, reporting bias, and data synthesis.

Result:

We will compile and discuss the recent examples of the TCM BSHX formula treatment for RIF in CKD.

Conclusion:

We will provide strong evidences for evaluating the efficacy and safety of the TCM BSHX formula treatment for RIF in CKD.
Deferoxamine in the management of COVID-19 adult patients admitted to ICU: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Almutary Abdulaziz M. , Althunayyan Saqer , Bagalb Amal S. , Mady Ahmed F. , Alenazi Latifa , Mumtaz Shahzad A. , Al-Hammad Zahrah , Abdulrahman Basheer , Al-Odat Mohammed A. , Mhawish Huda , Aletreby Waleed Th. , Altartouri Maymouna , Memish Ziad A.
Published: March 2024

Background:

COVID-19 infection is associated with high mortality, and despite extensive studying the scientific society is still working to find a definitive treatment. Some experts postulated a beneficial role of Deferoxamine.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of COVID-19 adult patients admitted to the ICU who received deferoxamine to those who received standard of care.

Methods:

Prospective observational cohort study, in the ICU of a tertiary referral hospital in Saudi Arabia to compare all-cause hospital mortality between COVID-19 patients who received deferoxamine and standard of care.

Results:

A total of 205 patients were enrolled, with an average age of 50.1±14.3, 150 patients received standard of care only, and 55 patients received deferoxamine additionally. Hospital mortality was lower in deferoxamine group (25.5 vs. 40.7%, 95% CI=1.3–29.2%; P=0.045). Clinical status score upon discharge was lower in deferoxamine group (3.6±4.3 vs. 6.2±4, 95% CI: 1.4–3.9; P<0.001), as was the difference between discharge score and admission score (indicating clinical improvement). More patients admitted with mechanical ventilation were successfully extubated in the deferoxamine group (61.5 vs. 14.3%, 95% CI: 15–73%; P=0.001), with a higher median ventilator-free days. There were no differences between groups in adverse events. Deferoxamine group was associated with hospital mortality [odds ratio=0.46 (95% CI: 0.22–0.95); P=0.04].

Conclusions:

Deferoxamine may have mortality and clinical improvement benefits in COVID-19 adults admitted to ICU. Further powered and controlled studies are required.