bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balancing fatherhood: Experiences of fatherhood among men with a difficult past
Authors: Herland Mari D , Hauge Mona-Iren , Helgeland Ingeborg M
Published: April 2014

This paper analyses how men who were delinquent as adolescents experience themselves as fathers. The men who took part in a longitudinal study, all in their 40s, had severe adjustment problems as teenagers, and thus have a past that causes uncertainty about their parenting abilities in the present. The paper analyses the men’s affective investments in their ways of being fathers. Four analytical categories that address the men’s fathering experiences were identified as significant in the interviews. First unsettling relations and distance from their own children, which for many of the men appeared as a recurring pattern that resembled the relationships they had with their own parents. Second, several men emphasised capacities such as personal traits or strength that made them able to make a break with the past. Third, the importance of support from others was also recognised, particularly being able to share parenthood with the children’s mother and for some, receiving help from child welfare services. Fourth, a key finding is that all the men, independent of whether they live with their children or not, experience a fragile point of balance, that is, incidents such as a relapse into drug abuse or a break in their relationship with the other parent strongly affect their relationships with their children. The difficulties these men experienced as youth intersect with their experiences of their own capacities as fathers in the present.
A study of atmosphere perceptions in a living room
Authors: Liu XY , Luo MR , Li H
Published: April 2014

An experiment has been carried out to investigate the effect of lighting on the perception of atmosphere in a living room, using three types of light sources: halogen, fluorescent and LED lamps. In a psychophysical experiment, 29 native Chinese observers assessed eight lighting conditions having different luminances and correlated colour temperatures. For each condition, 71 scales were employed using the categorical judgment method. Factor analysis identified two underlying dimensions: liveliness and cosiness. This agrees with those found by Vogels who used Dutch observers to assess atmosphere perception. Both observer groups also agreed that an increase of luminance would make the room more lively. However, there were also some disagreements such as a higher CCT source would make the room more lively for Chinese observers but less lively for Dutch observers.
The Development and Testing of SAfER
Authors: Hassall Maureen E. , Sanderson Penelope M. , Cameron Ian T.
Published: April 2014

Major industrial accidents still occur. Recent research suggests that to improve industrial safety we must design work systems that better support operators as they seek to control unexpected and unprecedented situations. A novel human factors technique called SAfER—Strategies Analysis for Enhancing Resilience—has been developed to help practitioners identify the range of strategies that human operators might use to manage expected, unexpected, and unprecedented situations. SAfER also helps practitioners identify design changes that should promote the selection of successful control strategies, as well as design changes that should prevent or tolerate the selection of any potential unsuccessful control strategies. Tests revealed that participants found SAfER to be a useful method capable of helping them identify novel insights and identify design changes that could help operators as they control systems across different operating situations. In future work, the usability of the SAfER method and software will be improved, and they will be tested in further industrial contexts.
Structural design and simulation analysis of a micro-silicon-based piezoelectric cantilever generator
Authors: Xiaozhen Du , Xiangwei Zeng , Gang Wang
Published: April 2014

The objective of this article is to simulate a piezoelectric cantilever beam generator with power harvesting from ambient vibration energy. This power device will act as the electrical energy supply of a micro-system, which can be used in inaccessible situations, to eliminate dependence on batteries. Optimization of the micro-silicon-based piezoelectric cantilever parameters was achieved by determining the most advantageous dimensions for the piezoelectric generator, while varying the beam length, width, thickness, proof mass weight and so on. The program also made sure that the piezoelectric cantilever beam structure’s natural frequency is equal to the desired input frequency from the ambient exciting vibration. In addition, a prototype miniature generator was fabricated with bulk silicon combined with etching.
Research on increasing silicon etch rate in deep wet etching with tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide etchant
Authors: Chen Dong , Liu ShiBin , Liang JinTao , Hou XiaoWei , Guo Bo , Yang ShangLin , Lv Hui
Published: April 2014

The etching characteristics of Si (1 0 0) in silicon deep wet etching with tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide solution, containing silicic acid and ammonium persulfate, were studied in this article. The phenomena associated with the addition of ammonium persulfate at intervals in tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide solution were analyzed, and the mechanism of interplay between ammonium persulfate and silicic acid for increasing etch rate was proposed. The influence of these phenomena on the etch rate and roughness of Si (1 0 0) was discussed. The addition of ammonium persulfate at a periodic interval of time to a tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide solution, especially at the temperature of 80 °C, resulted in remarkable ascending of silicon etch rate. The etch rate of Si (1 0 0) in tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide solution with adding ammonium persulfate at intervals was superior to the etch rate in tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide solution without adding ammonium persulfate at intervals. The highest etch rate of Si (1 0 0) (0.83 µm/min), calculated with the help of profiler, was achieved after etching in tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide solution with adding ammonium persulfate at an interval of 120 min. This method appears to be a good candidate in applications where high and stable etch rate is required in long-time etching.
Recovering the Human in Human Rights
Authors: Meyers Diana Tietjens
Published: April 2014

It is often said that human rights are the rights that people possess simply in virtue of being human – that is, in virtue of their intrinsic, dignity-defining common humanity. Yet, on closer inspection the human rights landscape doesn’t look so even. Once we bring perpetrators of human rights abuse and their victims into the picture, attributions of humanity to persons become unstable. In this article, I trace the ways in which rights discourse ascribes variable humanity to certain categories of people. I set the stage for my discussion of the human in relation to human rights by examining John Locke’s account of the justification for punishment. For Locke, in committing a crime one abrogates one’s humanity and forfeits one’s rights. Likewise, I argue, human rights discourse takes a scalar view of humanity. I consider victims of genocide who are dehumanized as helpless and passive, victims of state persecution who are super-humanized as righteously agentic, and perpetrators of genocide who are dehumanized as out-of-control beasts. In each case I use relevant testimony to argue that the scalar view of humanity is factually incorrect and morally deplorable. For genocide victims, I discuss testimony that Selma Leydesdorff gathered from women who survived the Srebrenica massacre. For a victim of persecution, I discuss Liao Yiwu’s memoire of his detention and imprisonment in China because of his artwork protesting the Tiananmen Square massacre. For perpetrators of genocide, I discuss testimony Jean Hatzfeld gathered from Hutu men who systematically murdered Tutsis in the Rwandan genocide. Finally, I apply my critique of dehumanized and super-humanized victims and dehumanized perpetrators to the problem of transnational trafficking in persons and argue that the view I advocate necessitates reforming immigration policy with respect to persons trafficked into forced labor.
Diagnosis and therapy for prostate tuberculosis
Authors: Kulchavenya Ekaterina , Brizhatyuk Elena , Khomyakov Victor
Published: April 2014

In its 2012 global report on tuberculosis, the World Health Organization estimated that 3–7% (range 2.1–5.2%) of new cases and 20% (range 13–26%) of previously treated cases had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (defined as tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates that are resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid). In many countries in Eastern Europe and central Asia, 9–32% of new patients and more than 50% of previously treated patients have multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Ninety-three patients with suspected prostate tuberculosis were enrolled in this study and all underwent prostate biopsy. This method allowed confirmation of diagnosis in 32 patients (34.4%): 23 by histology, six by culture and five by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (among them, two also had positive culture).

The efficiency of an optimized scheme for the therapy of prostate tuberculosis (the second part of the study) was estimated in 53 patients. The first group (25 patients) was treated with a standard scheme of chemotherapy; the second group (28 prostate tuberculosis patients) received ofloxacin in addition for 2 months during the intensive phase. The phase continuation in both groups was identical, with rifampicin and isoniazid administered for 6 months. Optimization of the standard therapy by additional administration of ofloxacin improved results of the treatment in 33.8% of patients.
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in breast cancer: targets, trials and biomarkers
Authors: Paplomata Elisavet , O’Regan Ruth
Published: April 2014

The phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a complicated intracellular pathway, which leads to cell growth and tumor proliferation and plays a significant role in endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Multiple compounds targeting this pathway are being evaluated in clinical trials. These agents are generally well tolerated and can be used in combination with targeted therapies, endocrine therapy or cytotoxic agents. The identification of subtypes of tumors more likely to respond to these therapeutics cannot be overemphasized, since breast cancer is a very heterogeneous malignancy. Activation of pathways such as KRAS and MEK can act as escape mechanisms that lead to resistance, thus a combination of agents targeting multiple steps of the intracellular machinery is promising. There is evidence that tumors with PIK3CA mutations are more sensitive to inhibitors of the PI3K pathway but this has yet to be validated. Large clinical trials with correlative studies are necessary to identify reliable biomarkers of efficacy.
Association of the Single-Limb Hop Test With Isokinetic, Kinematic, and Kinetic Asymmetries in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Xergia Sofia A. , Pappas Evangelos , Georgoulis Anastasios D.
Published: April 2014

Background:

Asymmetries persist after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Physical performance tests such as the single-limb hop test have been used extensively to assess return-to-sport criteria, as they reproduce dynamic athletic maneuvers.

Hypothesis:

The single-limb hop is associated with muscle strength and kinematic and kinetic asymmetries in ACLR patients 6 to 9 months after surgery.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Twenty-two men with ACLR (mean age, 28.8 ± 11.2 years) at 6 to 9 months (mean, 7.01 ± 0.93 months) after surgery completed isokinetic testing in 3 velocities (120, 180, and 300 deg/s) and a kinetic, kinematic, and functional evaluation of the single-limb hop test. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between the Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) of the single-limb hop distance and each of the outcome variables.

Results:

There were significant positive correlations between the LSI of the single-limb hop distance and the LSI of the peak extension torque at 120 deg/s ( P = 0.044, r = 0.37) and the peak extension torque at 180 deg/s ( P = 0.042, r = 0.38) as well as a negative correlation with the peak flexion torque at 180 deg/s ( P = 0.043, r = −0.38). The LSI of the single-limb hop test was not correlated with any kinetic or kinematic variable ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The findings of the present study demonstrate that distance LSI of the single-limb hop test correlates with isokinetic extension peak torque LSI but not kinetic and kinematic asymmetry.

Clinical Relevance:

The single-limb hop test can be used as an additional tool for the recognition of muscle strength asymmetries but not for kinetic or kinematic asymmetries 6 to 9 months after ACLR.
A School Nurse’s Guide to PowerPoint Presentations
Authors: Nowak Marian , Sayers Pat , Ashton Kathleen
Published: April 2014

In today’s educational environment, school nurses are often called upon to provide presentations utilizing electronic slides. A tool frequently utilized for presentations is PowerPoint. However, as with any instructional method, it is only as effective as the presenter who has designed the slides. A study conducted to evaluate professional PowerPoint slides is the focus of this article. After reviewing 1,732 slides and comparing them to best practices criteria, the researchers call attention to common errors in slide presentations. Additionally, the article provides guidance to school nurses in reinventing the art of providing powerful, interactive, and interesting presentations.
Phoning it in: Theory in mobile media and communication in developing countries
Authors: Pearce Katy E.
Published: April 2014

As 75 percent of the world’s mobile subscriptions are in developing countries, studies of use patterns are essential to broader understanding. However, scholars should engage with existing theory and literature in order to operate within a framework and expand readership. Rigorous and ethical research from a variety of methodological perspectives is encouraged.
Gregory Bateson gets a mobile phone
Authors: Steier Frederick
Published: April 2014

Concepts from Gregory Bateson are used to explore the ways that mobile media shape communication process in public and private spaces. His focus on patterns of relationship is used to offer insight into ways of understanding differences in behavior with mobile media as frame dilemmas.
Mobile gazing two-ways: Visual layering as an emerging mobile communication service
Authors: Katz James
Published: April 2014

The emerging era of mobile communication transcends the traditional privileging of text and voice to draw upon sensations of augmented reality, especially in terms of the visual domain. Thus one will be able to have new views of the local environment (mobile visual services). In terms of the former, the sense of sight is increasingly being brought to bear on the nexus of physical environment and digital information, yielding literally novel and unprecedented views. This article assesses examples of these services and the way they inter-mix previously separate domains, but also create new layers of monitoring of self and others. In particular, it notes conflicts at the levels of public policy and individual privacy and autonomy.
What’s mobile in mobile communication?
Authors: Jensen Klaus Bruhn
Published: April 2014

Interrogating the terminology of “mobile” communication, this article notes that media and communicative practices have been mobile for millennia. What’s mobile about cell phones and other current mobile media is a new range of contexts in which personally meaningful and socially consequential interactions become possible. Mobile media should be studied, above all, as resources of social action across physical space. Mobile media, further, provide the wider field of research with an opportunity to revisit the great divide between technologically mediated and embodied communication. Technologically mediated communication remains grounded in human bodies residing in local places. Humans can be understood as a first degree of media whose communicative and performative reach has been extended in time and space by historically shifting technologies.
Mobile media and communication: A new field, or just a new journal?
Authors: Campbell Scott W.
Published: April 2014

This journal represents a step forward in the development of mobile communication studies as a field. This field has been establishing itself through a number of other initiatives as well, including conferences, symposiums, edited books, listservs, and centers for research. Despite this momentum, little attention has been given to defining – and justifying – the field itself. This essay begins by questioning whether there really is, or should be, a distinct field of study for research and theory on mobile media and communication. I then proceed to address this question by highlighting themes in the literature that illustrate how mobile communication is distinct from other forms of mediated communication and information exchange, with correspondingly distinctive social consequences. The essay argues that there are indeed justifiable reasons for treating mobile communication studies as a field. However, like the technology itself, this field is – or at least should be – highly integrated with research and theory of media and communication more broadly.
Mobile social media: Future challenges and opportunities
Authors: Humphreys Lee
Published: April 2014

This article explores the future research opportunities and challenges of mobile social media. First, I problematize what constitutes the boundaries of mobile social media. Distinctions between location-based mobile social networks and non-location-based mobile social networks are established to suggest that the mobility of social media is in fact much broader than location alone. Second, several key theoretical questions are identified for future exploration, including micro, meso, and macro-level theories. Lastly, methodological challenges and opportunities are reflected upon and culminate in the call for multi-disciplinary programs of research to fully understand the role of mobile social media in the world today.
On mobile communication and youth “deviance”: Beyond moral, media and mobile panics
Authors: Lim Sun Sun
Published: April 2014

Cautionary voices have pointed to the apparent dangers that mobile media and communication pose for young people in the form of “deviant” activities such as sexting and mobile phone-facilitated bullying and criminal activity. Such incidents have ignited moral panics about the proliferation of mobile media because they are seen to facilitate emergent social/spatial interactions that are either unprecedented, or occurring on a scale not hitherto witnessed. While labelling concerns about youth deviance that is, in some measure, enabled or facilitated by mobile communications as “moral panics” is unproductive, it would be equally myopic to disregard the risks that mobile media can pose for youths in certain circumstances. This article critically examines the panic discourse surrounding youths and mobile media before reviewing research that suggests how mobile media can present risks for youths in particular contexts and milieus.
Mobile media and children
Authors: Haddon Leslie
Published: April 2014

This article explores a range of research issues relating to children and mobile media, including the potential growth of children’s screen time, the regulation of children’s use of these media, the challenge of managing increasing media options, effects on children’s perception of time, problems posed for parental surveillance and the domestication of mobile media within peer groups. All of these are viewed in the context of broader societal change, evolving norms of childhood and parenthood, cross-cultural variation and the existence of diversity amongst children and youth.
The place of the emplaced mobile: A case study into gendered locative media practices
Authors: Hjorth Larissa
Published: April 2014

In this inaugural issue of the timely Mobile Media & Communication journal, questions have been posed about the state of play for mobile communication now and in the future. Given the growing convergence between mobile, social and locative media, this requires a reassessment of mobile media and its relationship with place and intimacy. How are these convergent media platforms, contexts and practices shaping, and being shaped by, intimate cartographies of place? Drawing on a case study of location-based services, games and camera phone practices in South Korea, this paper explores the role of gendered visual cultures in the relationship between place and intimacy.
Do mobile technologies reshape speaking, writing, or reading?
Authors: Baron Naomi S.
Published: April 2014

With the growth of mobile communication technologies, we increasingly use portable devices to produce and read text that previously existed in hardcopy or on stationary screens. Voice recognition software now enables us to speak rather than write, potentially shifting the current dominance of texting over voice calls on mobile phones. This article describes contemporary studies of language use on mobile technologies and poses research questions for new investigations.
Merging mobile communication studies and urban research: Mobile locative media, “onscreen encounters” and the reshaping of the interaction order in public places
Authors: Licoppe Christian
Published: April 2014

This communication discusses how the use of locative media in urban public settings allows users to recognize one another’s proximity on screen. Such “on screen encounters” make simultaneously relevant the categories of passer-by and mobile user, thus creating a tension between an orientation towards civil inattention or engaging in focused, face-to-face interactions. Such a tension is characteristic of the interaction order of urban settings experienced as location- or proximity-aware “hybrid ecologies”.
Youth culture and mobiles
Authors: Goggin Gerard
Published: April 2014

The category of youth has been a strategically important focus in the development of mobile communication and media research. This paper reviews the themes and findings of the first phase of youth and mobile phone research, followed by a phase of new work just underway on youth and mobile media and mobile internet. It argues for the importance of an enlarged, interdisciplinary, and international perspective if we are to advance the field – and our understanding of youth and mobiles – as the technology is incorporated into the larger field of internet, social, and digital media.
The infrastructures of mobile media: Towards a future reseach agenda
Authors: Horst Heather A.
Published: April 2014

In this contribution to the inaugural issue of Mobile Media & Communication, I draw upon recent work on mobiles in the global south to illustrate how the ‘third wave’ of mobile communication research requires a renewed focus upon the political and economic dimensions of infrastructures and the subversion of the system by individuals, communities and organizations. Inspired by Susan Leigh Star’s seminal work on the importance of studying infrastructures, I suggest that mobile media scholarship should look to the changes in the technical, social, political, regulatory and other forms of infrastructures that the first two waves’ focus upon novel uses and consumers often rendered invisible.
Your smart phones are hot pockets to us: Context collapse in a mobilized age
Authors: Marvin Carolyn
Published: April 2014

A key guarantor of social trust and a necessary feature of democratic societies is a stable sense of social distance. Social distance is the cultural imaginary within which an individual’s coordinates of social status and contingent social location allow or inhibit contact with similarly and dissimilarly located others. The rearrangement of customary social distances by new communication technologies is a source of considerable social anxiety. In mobile communication, this context collapse is instigated by a distinctive combination of affordances: deep connectivity, the accelerated speed and volume of communicative exchange, enhanced social legibility and asymmetric communicative transparency. Robust and effective levels of social trust depend on a political will to build strong democratic accountability and civil rights guarantees into emerging mobile architectures. Identifying specific recalibrations of familiar social distances by regimes of mobile communication and assessing the effects of these recalibrations in democratic terms is a central task of mobile research.
Turning life into a game: Foursquare, gamification, and personal mobility
Authors: Frith Jordan
Published: April 2014

Location-based mobile games (LBMGs) are games that people play while moving through physical spaces. Research has shown that they can impact individuals’ experience of their surrounding space and their mobility decisions. Extending that research, this article looks at the gaming elements of the location-based social network (LBSN) Foursquare, analyzing how Foursquare’s gaming elements can impact people’s mobility decisions. Through an analysis of qualitative interviews, the goal of this study is to draw from the concepts of hybrid space, spatial legibility, and gamification to show how Foursquare’s gaming elements can add a playful layer to physical spaces and discuss the impacts of the application designers’ goal of turning “life into a game.”
The Martini Effect and Social Networking Sites: Early adolescents, mobile social networking and connectedness to friends
Authors: Quinn Sally , Oldmeadow Julian
Published: April 2014

The Martini Effect refers to being constantly connected to people through mobile devices; research into mobile phone use reports that its use may be related to feelings of connectedness. Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are becoming increasingly popular among early adolescents with the majority using them to stay in contact with existing friends. In addition, many adolescents use a range of mobile devices to access these sites. The present study compared feelings of belonging to the friendship group between SNS users who used a mobile device and those who did not. A self-report questionnaire was completed by 337 early adolescent SNS users (11–13 years, mean age = 12.28 years, SD = 0.73). Mobile device users were found to have significantly higher levels of belonging than non-mobile device users and this relationship was partially mediated by the frequency of use of SNSs. It is suggested that these mobile devices not only afford an opportunity for increased use of SNSs and therefore increased interaction with friends but that mobile device SNS users feel constantly connected to their friends.
Mobile phone usage as an indicator of solidarity: Israelis at war in 2006 and 2009
Authors: Schejter Amit M. , Cohen Akiba A.
Published: April 2014

This study presents a secondary analysis of real-time data of mobile phone usage in Israel during two recent wars – with the Lebanese Hezbollah in 2006 and with the Palestinian Hamas in Gaza in 2008/9. The data, provided by Cellcom Israel, the country’s largest mobile operator, enabled an analysis of real behavior patterns rather than relying on memories of people who may have been under stress or traumatized during the hostilities, hence unable to accurately recollect this information later on. During both wars, significant changes were noted in the way people used their mobile phones: There was a substantial decrease of calls originating from within a 10-kilometer region along the Israel-Lebanon border and mobile users also made significantly longer calls. However, the decrease in calls during the Lebanon War was more than double that of the decrease in the comparable region along the Gaza border. There was no significant change in the calling patterns of Israelis living outside the directly affected regions. These supposed differences in reaction to a crisis situation (which are congruent with previous mobile phone usage studies following suicide bombings) are analyzed, and questions regarding the validity of the myth of solidarity and bonding among Israelis are raised.
Smartphones, mobile social space, and new sociality in Korea
Authors: Lee Dong-Hoo
Published: April 2014

As mobile phones evolve into smartphones equipped with mobile operating systems, the modes of mobile communication are changing. When smartphones incorporate the Internet into their multimedia functions, they enable people to access various mobile social communication spaces in which existing forms of mobile communication, such as calls and text messages, coexist with forms of Internet communication such as instant messengers, emails, and social networking sites (SNSs) on the move. This study attempts to focus on the newly emerging mobile communication practices that have resulted from smartphones allowing people to access their SNSs anytime and anywhere. To understand how the mobility and immediate accessibility of smartphones have affected the communication practices of SNS, the study will pay particular attention to the use of Twitter via smartphones. This study will explore this through 49 Korean Twitter users’ everyday practices of communication and social interaction via their smartphones. Based on qualitative interview data, this study discusses how mobile social media forms a pseudo-aural space for volatile but self-expediential social networks and how it shapes a new sociality. It suggests that this sociality strays from existing social practices and has a new cultural significance.
Deliberate missed calls: A meaningful communication practice for seniors?
Authors: Fernández-Ardèvol Mireia
Published: April 2014

In this article I discuss the phenomenon of deliberated missed calls and their intentional use by senior mobile phone users in Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). Deliberate missed calls (DMC) are made with the intention that the receiver is not to answer them. Although this multiregional and multicultural practice is described in different countries, no specific study has been carried out on its use by the older population. To address this absence, this article explores the significance of using deliberate missed calls among seniors. There are three main conclusions. First, personal abilities and external support shape the way seniors use DMC. Second, seniors may abandon, or at least redefine, the use of deliberate missed calls if they change to a flat-rate contract. Finally, the focus on an already old innovation such as DMC allows us to observe the importance of accounting for the heterogeneity of older people if we are to properly analyze their mobile communication practices.
Where are you? Location talk in mobile phone conversations
Authors: Laursen Ditte , Szymanski Margaret H.
Published: April 2014

Conversational studies have shown that location cannot be considered as an external framework that shapes interaction; rather it is to be analyzed as a resource and an achievement in interaction (Schegloff, 1972). Building on a corpus of 93 recorded mobile phone conversations from the United States and Denmark, this article adds to current interaction research by investigating how location is produced, understood and socially accomplished via mobile phones. More specifically, we investigate how location talk operates in the opening sequences of the call. We find that location is an opening-relevant topic: speakers introduce it as the reason for the call and topicalize it following initial engagement. When referring to location, speakers predominately use two variations: inquiries (where are you), and reports of their whereabouts (I just got home). Further, speakers formulate their locations in two ways: location specific (I’m sitting on a train) or status of transit (we are on our way). In addition to open format where-are-you elicitations, location talk can take the form of a candidate (are you at Union street); candidate formulations show how speakers orient to the collaborative work of meeting up with one another and display knowledge about each other’s activities. Finally, we treat the case of reciprocal location inquiries and reports, where both caller and callee state their whereabouts, showing how location talk is sequence organized.
Social activities and mobile Internet diffusion: A search for the Holy Grail?
Authors: Damásio Manuel José , Henriques Sara , Teixeira-Botelho Inês , Dias Patrícia
Published: April 2014

Any technology adoption is shaped by a myriad of factors that sometimes conflict in their ultimate goals and outcomes. So is the case with mobile Internet (m-Internet) adoption and diffusion. This paper discusses this process from the stakeholders’ and users’ perspectives and confronts their understanding and attitudes towards this technology with three complementary theoretical models: network theory, activity theory, and the technology acceptance model (TAM).The study presents results for the use of m-Internet in a southern European country and frames those in light of the activities, here understood as effects of the network, undertaken by the users. We seek to assess whether individuals perform a different set of activities when using m-Internet and how different forms of access result in different network effects, adoption processes, and distinct forms of interaction. The depicted study involved a qualitative stage, consisting of a set of interviews to stakeholders of the mobile communications industry and a quantitative study that involved the survey of a nationally representative sample of individual users. The findings of these studies provide several contributions to the understanding of m-Internet adoption and diffusion and the role network effects play in them.
Texting, tweeting, and talking: Effects of smartphone use on engagement in civic discourse in China
Authors: Wei Ran
Published: April 2014

Media use and talking with others have been found to have positive effects on citizens’ civic participation according to Wyatt, Katz, and Kim (2000). Recent research links informational uses of the mobile phone to increased involvement in civic and political life. Building on this line of research, this study explores the effect of smartphone use on civil discourse engagement in China, with its nearly 900 million mobile phone users. Results reveal the smartphone’s role as an outlet of public information, which fosters political talk with others, but also suggest use of government-controlled traditional media stifles open civic discourse. Hierarchical regression analyses show that talking politics in private, extensive use of the smartphone, and mobile tweeting were positive predictors of engagement in online civic discourse.
Predictors of mobile sexting among teens: Toward a new explanatory framework
Authors: Campbell Scott W. , Park Yong Jin
Published: April 2014

This study posits a framework for conceptualizing the practice of adolescent sexting in order to help explain this behavior and inform decisions about whether and how to address it. Select theoretical propositions about the role of mobile communication in the “social emancipation” of youth were explicated and tested using a national survey of teens in the US. Drawing from this perspective, we hypothesized that sexting would be associated with levels of peer and family mobile connectivity, although in opposite ways, as well as parental control over the technology. As hypothesized, involvement in sexting was positively predicted by connectedness to peers through mobile communication and negatively predicted by connectedness to family. Although sexting was less likely with mobile connectedness to family, heavy-handed parental control over the technology was not a predictor. The discussion offers theoretical and practical implications of these and other findings, along with directions for future research.
A tethered generation: Exploring the role of mobile phones in the daily life of young people
Authors: Mihailidis Paul
Published: April 2014

The increasing global ubiquity of mobile phones has called into question their efficacy as dynamic tools for engagement and participation in daily life. While there is little argument in their growth as primary communication tools, scholars have actively debated their role as conduits for dynamic and diverse, information flow. This study explores how an international cohort of university students uses mobile phones for daily communication and information needs. In spring 2012, 793 students from 8 universities on 3 continents participated in a 24-hour mobile tracking exercise and reflection to answer the questions: How are college students using mobile phones for daily communication and information needs? and, how do college students perceive of the role of mobile phones for communication and information needs in their daily lives? The findings point to a population tethered to their mobile devices primarily through social networking apps, to the extent that they find it increasingly difficult to distinguish relationships that exist in their pockets from those that exist in their physical surroundings. While the participants acknowledged the diverse and participatory capacity of mobile devices, their dependence on the phone for connecting to peers left them skeptical of the phone’s efficacy for productive connectivity, vibrant communication, and diverse information consumption in daily life. The study concludes with suggestions for more inclusive and active engagement in the dynamic potential of phones that are not necessitated by a response to large-scale political or civil injustices.
Mobile social gambling: Poker’s next frontier
Authors: Albarrán Torres César , Goggin Gerard
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we provide a history, analysis, and theorization of the emergence of mobile social gambling—a new form of media and cultural practice that fuses “social gambling” and “social gaming,” with the affordances of mobile platforms and social networking sites. Through the use of apps in mobile devices, the consumption of risk is experiencing a shift from space-bound betting to itinerant practices that open new spaces for leisure and socialization. Focusing on a case study of the mobile app Zynga Poker, this paper attempts to identify and describe these “leakages” in the “magic circle” of gambling, which bring together social gaming and longstanding gambling cultures and practices. Our argument is that mobile gambling on smartphones and tablets extends earlier cultural practices associated with gambling activities such as poker, and much deeper into the realm of the everyday. The expansion of gambling practices into the realm of the everyday, however, poses manifold ethical, cultural, and political implications: the availability of gambling products to minors and other vulnerable populations; increased normalization of wagering as entertainment; and the merging of gambling and mobile gaming industries and markets. Digital gambling is a pressing area for future study in mobile media and communication.
Re-peasantization, Resistance and Subordination: The Struggle for Land and Agrarian Reform in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Bernardo Mançano
Published: April 2014

The process of re-peasantization in Brazil occurs primarily through the peasant struggle for land and agrarian reform. Adopting a geographic method and using territorialization as a central axis of study, this article analyzes the history of peasant formation, particularly focusing on the formation of the Landless Rural Workers’ Movement (MST), the peasant movement that has most contributed to the process of recreating the peasantry through land occupations. The process of re-peasantization occurring over the last 30 years is supported by data showing that more than a million families have been settled through agrarian reform. However, these fractional territorial gains have not eliminated the subordination of peasants by capitalized land rent. Using data from the most recent Agricultural Census, we highlight the situation of dependence to which Brazilian peasants are submitted. The hegemony of agribusiness has provoked a reflux in the peasant struggle for land and agrarian reform, which currently finds itself stagnant. The greatest challenge for peasant movements is the creation of a development model for their territories which would enable them to recuperate the process of re-peasantization.
Reproduction of the Chilean Peasantry under Neoliberalism
Authors: Cárcamo Raúl Holz
Published: April 2014

The continuous dispossession of the peasantry has been essential for the implementation of neoliberal reforms in the Chilean agricultural sector. This article focuses on Chile’s experience as an extreme case of neoliberal transformations. After describing the main reforms and public policies impacting peasants, their own response is discussed. The main argument is that despite such reforms, it is possible to observe new forms of peasant organization and production. In this sense, several organizational and productive experiences are briefly outlined. It concludes that this recent experience indicates a necessary and possible break with the dominant agribusiness arrangement, but apparently not sufficient to pursue a structural transformation of the food system.
New People, New Land and New Livelihoods: A Micro-study of Zimbabwe’s Fast-track Land Reform
Authors: Mkodzongi Grasian
Published: April 2014

This article utilizes empirical data gathered in the Mhondoro Ngezi district of Zimbabwe to highlight how the Fast-track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) implemented in 2000, allowed landless peasants to access better quality land and other natural resources. It focuses particularly on the way in which the land reform transformed a dualistic agrarian structure inherited at independence, dominated by large-scale farms, into a tri-modal structure, in favour of landless peasants predominantly from communal areas. The article argues that the FTLRP created opportunities for landless peasants to diversify livelihoods by allowing them greater mobility and access to land and natural resources, historically confined or enjoyed by a white farmer minority under the racialized bi-modal agrarian structure. This argument is derived from empirical evidence based on a case study of 185 households resettled under A1 (villagized) schemes at the formerly white-owned Damvuri Conservancy.
The Development Trap of Financial Capitalism: China’s Peasant Path Compared
Authors: Tsui Sit , Jie Du , Yonghai Lan , Xiaodan Dong , Wong Erebus , Tiejun Wen
Published: April 2014

On the basis of an understanding that the crises of core nations are being transferred to developing countries and thus globalized, this article highlights two issues, the ‘sovereignty externalities’ borne by developing countries and the ‘currency–strategy’ of the superpower in financial capitalism. These are the causes of the predicament with which developing countries are faced today. Furthermore, to illustrate how manufacturing countries bear the international institutional costs of global financialization, we further elaborate the ‘international competition smiling curve’. This article elaborates these theoretical issues with reference to China, South Africa and Venezuela.
Book Review: Fred Hendricks, Lungisile Ntsebeza and Kirk Helliker (2013). The Promise of Land: Undoing a Century of Dispossession in South Africa
Authors: Legassick Martin
Published: April 2014

Fred Hendricks, Lungisile Ntsebeza and Kirk Helliker (2013). The Promise of Land: Undoing a Century of Dispossession in South Africa, Johannesburg: Jacana, ISBN 978-1-4314-0816-0, pp. x + 376, R191.52.
Properties of co-extruded nanoclay-filled aliphatic nylon (PA6)/linear low-density polyethylene and aromatic nylon (MXD6)/ linear low-density polyethylene multilayer films
Authors: Fereydoon Maryam , Tabatabaei Seyed H , Ajji Abdellah
Published: April 2014

In this study, coextruded multilayer films with aliphatic (polyamide 6) and aromatic (poly (m-xylene adipamide)) nylons as well as their in-situ polymerized nanocomposites with 4 wt% nanoclay, as an oxygen barrier layer (core), and a linear low-density polyethylene, as a moisture barrier layer (skin), were produced and characterized. Five-layer films were prepared by cast coextrusion and rapidly cooled using an air knife. Dynamic rheological measurements showed that the selected materials can be coextruded with a minimum interfacial instability between the melt flows in the feed block. Type of crystals, crystallinity and thermal transitions of layers were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. The mechanical, optical, oxygen and water vapor barrier properties of the coextruded multilayer films were measured and discussed. Although the crystallinity of the poly (m-xylene adipamide) layer in the multilayer films was lower compared to the polyamide 6 layer, the impermeability to oxygen and water vapor was much better for the former multilayer films. In addition, substituting the neat polyamide 6 and poly (m-xylene adipamide) by their nanocomposites improved the oxygen barrier of the multilayer films by more than 50%. The series resistance model was not able to predict the barrier properties of the multilayer films due to the difference in polymer behavior for the single layer and multilayer, and boundary adjacent layer effects. The coextruded polyamide linear low-density polyethylene multilayer films showed higher toughness, tear and flex crack resistance compared to the poly (m-xylene adipamide)/linear low-density polyethylene samples. The pristine poly (m-xylene adipamide)-based multilayer film showed a lower haze compared to the polyamide 6 films due to very little crystallinity in the former.
JAK2V617F homozygosity drives a phenotypic switch in myeloproliferative neoplasms, but is insufficient to sustain disease
Authors: Li Juan , Kent David G. , Godfrey Anna L. , Manning Harriet , Nangalia Jyoti , Aziz Athar , Chen Edwin , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Fink Juergen , Sneade Rachel , Hamilton Tina L. , Pask Dean C. , Silber Yvonne , Zhao Xiaodong , Ghevaert Cedric , Liu Pentao , Green Anthony R.
Published: April 2014

Key Points

JAK2V617F homozygosity drives a phenotypic switch between myeloproliferative neoplasms. JAK2V617F homozygosity is insufficient to sustain clonal expansion.