bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Translated Hashing
Authors: Wei Ying , Song Yangqiu , Zhen Yi , Liu Bo , Yang Qiang
Published: July 2016

Multi-modal similarity search has attracted considerable attention to meet the need of information retrieval across different types of media. To enable efficient multi-modal similarity search in large-scale databases recently, researchers start to study multi-modal hashing. Most of the existing methods are applied to search across multi-views among which explicit correspondence is provided. Given a multi-modal similarity search task, we observe that abundant multi-view data can be found on the Web which can serve as an auxiliary bridge. In this paper, we propose a
Heterogeneous Translated Hashing
(HTH) method with such auxiliary bridge incorporated not only to improve current multi-view search but also to enable similarity search across heterogeneous media which have no direct correspondence. HTH provides more flexible and discriminative ability by embedding heterogeneous media into different Hamming spaces, compared to almost all existing methods that map heterogeneous data in a common Hamming space. We formulate a joint optimization model to learn hash functions embedding heterogeneous media into different Hamming spaces, and a translator aligning different Hamming spaces. The extensive experiments on two real-world datasets, one publicly available dataset of Flickr, and the other MIRFLICKR-Yahoo Answers dataset, highlight the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm.
Ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Velasco Cristina , Librán-Pérez Marta , Otero-Rodiño Cristina , López-Patiño Marcos A. , Míguez Jesús M. , Soengas José L.
Published: July 2016

We hypothesize that ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in fish. Therefore, we assessed in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) the effects of intracerebroventricular treatment with C6:0 ceramide on food intake. In a second experiment, we assessed the effects in brain areas of ceramide treatment on neuropeptide expression, fatty acid-sensing systems, and cellular signaling pathways. Ceramide treatment induced a decrease in food intake, a response opposed to the orexigenic effect described in mammals, which can be related to enhanced mRNA abundance of cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript and proopiomelanocortin and decreased mRNA abundance of Agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y. Fatty acid-sensing systems appear to be inactivated by ceramide treatment. The mRNA abundance of integrative sensors AMPK and sirtuin 1, and the phosphorylation status of cellular signaling pathways dependent on protein kinase B, AMPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) are generally activated by ceramide treatment. However, there are differences between hypothalamus and hindbrain in the phosphorylation status of AMPK (decreased in hypothalamus and increased in hindbrain), mTOR (decreased in hypothalamus and increased in hindbrain), and FoxO1 (increased in hypothalamus and decreased in hindbrain) to ceramide treatment. The results suggest that ceramides are involved in the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout through mechanisms comparable to those characterized previously in mammals in some cases.
Urothelial purine release during filling of murine and primate bladders
Authors: Durnin Leonie , Hayoz Sebastien , Corrigan Robert D. , Yanez Andrew , Koh Sang Don , Mutafova-Yambolieva Violeta N.
Published: July 2016

During urinary bladder filling the bladder urothelium releases chemical mediators that in turn transmit information to the nervous and muscular systems to regulate sensory sensation and detrusor muscle activity. Defects in release of urothelial mediators may cause bladder dysfunctions that are characterized with aberrant bladder sensation during bladder filling. Previous studies have demonstrated release of ATP from the bladder urothelium during bladder filling, and ATP remains the most studied purine mediator that is released from the urothelium. However, the micturition cycle is likely regulated by multiple purine mediators, since various purine receptors are found present in many cell types in the bladder wall, including urothelial cells, afferent nerves, interstitial cells in lamina propria, and detrusor smooth muscle cells. Information about the release of other biologically active purines during bladder filling is still lacking. Decentralized bladders from C57BL/6 mice and Cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis) were filled with physiological solution at different rates. Intraluminal fluid was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for simultaneous evaluation of ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), ADP-ribose, and cADP-ribose content. We also measured ex vivo bladder filling pressures and performed cystometry in conscious unrestrained mice at different filling rates. ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD+, ADPR, cADPR, and adenosine were detected released intravesically at different ratios during bladder filling. Purine release increased with increased volumes and rates of filling. Our results support the concept that multiple urothelium-derived purines likely contribute to the complex regulation of bladder sensation during bladder filling.
Attenuation of visual reafferent signals in the parietal cortex during voluntary movement
Authors: Benazet Marc , Thénault François , Whittingstall Kevin , Bernier Pierre-Michel
Published: July 2016

It is well established that the cortical processing of somatosensory and auditory signals is attenuated when they result from self-generated actions compared with external events. This phenomenon is thought to result from an efference copy of motor commands used to predict the sensory consequences of an action through a forward model. The present work examined whether attenuation also takes place for visual reafferent signals from the moving limb during voluntary reaching movements. To address this issue, EEG activity was recorded in a condition in which visual feedback of the hand was provided in real time and compared with a condition in which it was presented with a 150-ms delay, thus creating a mismatch between the predicted and actual visual consequences of the movement. Results revealed that the amplitude of the N1 component of the visual event-related potential evoked by hand visual feedback over the parietal cortex was significantly smaller when presented in real time compared with when it was delayed. These data suggest that the cortical processing of visual reafferent signals is attenuated when they are correctly predicted, likely as a result of a forward model.
Real Hypersurfaces of Nonflat Complex Projective Planes Whose Jacobi Structure Operator Satisfies a Generalized Commutative Condition
Authors: Theofanidis Theocharis
Published: July 2016

Real hypersurfaces satisfying the conditionϕl=lϕ(l=R(·,ξ)ξ)have been studied by many authors under at least one more condition, since the class of these hypersurfaces is quite tough to be classified. The aim of the present paper is the classification of real hypersurfaces in complex projective planeCP2satisfying a generalization ofϕl=lϕunder an additional restriction on a specific function.
First Described Case of Group BStreptococcusPelvic Abscess in a Patient with No Medical Comorbidities
Authors: Tyan Paul , Abi-Khalil Elias , Dwarki Karthik , Moawad Gaby
Published: July 2016

Background. Group BStreptococcusis an organism that commonly infects a wide range of hosts including infants in the first week of life, pregnant women, and older age adults as well as adults with underlying medical comorbidities.Case. Large pelvic abscess in a nonpregnant patient found to be caused by Group BStreptococcuswas treated successfully with IR guided drainage and antibiotics.Conclusion. Though rare, GBS can still be a cause of invasive infection even in individuals who are nonpregnant and have no underlying comorbidities. Empiric antibiotic coverage for this organism should be kept in mind when treating an abscess.
Drinfeld Realization of Quantum Twisted Affine Algebras via Braid Group
Authors: Jing Naihuan , Zhang Honglian
Published: July 2016

The Drinfeld realization of quantum affine algebras has been tremendously useful since its discovery. Combining techniques of Beck and Nakajima with our previous approach, we give a complete and conceptual proof of the Drinfeld realization for the twisted quantum affine algebras using Lusztig’s braid group action.
Total 3D Airo® Navigation for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Lian Xiaofeng , Navarro-Ramirez Rodrigo , Berlin Connor , Jada Ajit , Moriguchi Yu , Zhang Qiwei , Härtl Roger
Published: July 2016

Introduction.A new generation of iCT scanner, Airo®, has been introduced. The purpose of this study is to describe how Airo facilitates minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF).Method. We used the latest generation of portable iCT in all cases without the assistance of K-wires. We recorded the operation time, number of scans, and pedicle screw accuracy.Results. From January 2015 to December 2015, 33 consecutive patients consisting of 17 men and 16 women underwent single-level or two-level MIS-TLIF operations in our institution. The ages ranged from 23 years to 86 years (mean, 66.6 years). We treated all the cases in MIS fashion. In four cases, a tubular laminectomy at L1/2 was performed at the same time. The average operation time was 192.8 minutes and average time of placement per screw was 2.6 minutes. No additional fluoroscopy was used. Our screw accuracy rate was 98.6%. No complications were encountered.Conclusions. Airo iCT MIS-TLIF can be used for initial planning of the skin incision, precise screw, and cage placement, without the need for fluoroscopy. “Total navigation” (complete intraoperative 3D navigation without fluoroscopy) can be achieved by combining Airo navigation with navigated guide tubes for screw placement.
Overexpression ofβ-Catenin Induces Cisplatin Resistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Long , Liu Hai-Chao , Wang Cheng , Liu Xiqiang , Hu Feng-Chun , Xie Nan , Lü Lanhai , Chen Xiaohua , Huang Hong-Zhang
Published: July 2016

Abnormal expression ofβ-catenin contributes to tumor development, progression, and metastasis in various cancers. However, little is known about the relationship between abnormal expression ofβ-catenin and cisplatin chemotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to investigate the effect ofβ-catenin on OSCC cisplatin resistance and evaluated the drug susceptibility of stable cell lines withβ-catenin knockin and knockdown. In this study, we found that higher expression level ofβ-catenin can be observed in CDDP-treated cell lines as compared with the control group. Furthermore, the expression levels ofβ-catenin increased in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner with the cisplatin treatment. More importantly, the nuclear translocation ofβ-catenin could also be observed by confocal microscope analysis. Stable cell lines with CTNNB1 knockin and knockdown were established to further investigate the potential role and mechanism ofβ-catenin in the chemoresistance of OSCC in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicated that overexpression ofβ-catenin promoted cisplatin resistance in OSCC in vitro and in vivo. We confirmed that GSK-3β, C-myc, Bcl-2, P-gp, and MRP-1 were involved inβ-catenin-mediated drug resistance. Our findings indicate that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may play important roles in cisplatin resistance in OSCC.
Optimal Design on Robustness of Scale-Free Networks Based on Degree Distribution
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Wang Shuliang , Wang Yixing
Published: July 2016

This paper uses 2-norm degree and coefficient of variation on degree to analyze the basic characteristics and to discuss the robustness of scale-free networks. And we design two optimal nonlinear mixed integer programming schemes to investigate the optimal robustness and analyze the characteristic parameters of different schemes. In this paper, we can obtain the optimal values of the corresponding parameters of optimal designs, and we find that coefficient of variation is a better measure than 2-norm degree and two-step degree to study the robustness of scale-free networks. Meanwhile, we discover that there is a tradeoff among the robustness, the degree, and the cost of scale-free networks, and we find that when average degree equals 6, this point is a tradeoff point between the robustness and cost of scale-free networks.
Rare Leiomyoma of the Tunica Dartos: A Case Report with Clinical Relevance for Malignant Transformation and HLRCC
Authors: Bell Robert C. , Austin Evan T. , Arnold Stacy J. , Lin Frank C. , Walker Jonathan R. , Larsen Brandon T.
Published: July 2016

Background. Genital leiomyomas fall under the broader category of cutaneous leiomyomas, which are rare smooth muscle neoplasms accounting for 5% of all leiomyomas. Genital leiomyomas arising from the dartos muscle are exceedingly rare with fewer than 30 cases reported in the literature. They are typically benign and adequately treated with simple surgical excision; however, previously reported cases of malignant transformation and a possible link to the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome warrant closer follow-up.Case Presentation. We report a case of a 47-year-old male refugee from Rwanda found to have a mobile, pea-sized, mildly painful scrotal lesion near the left penoscrotal junction and 1.5 cm indeterminate vascular mass in the right kidney. Surgical excision of the scrotal nodule was performed and the diagnosis of a dartoic leiomyoma was rendered. The presence of moderate nuclear atypia, rare mitotic activity, and close surgical margins prompted a wide reexcision. We report the surgical approach, pathologic findings, and clinical follow-up related to this scrotal lesion.Conclusion. Scrotal leiomyomas demonstrate a high rate of recurrence and pose a risk for malignant transformation. They may also indicate an underlying autosomal dominant syndrome associated with increased risk for development of an aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma. When discovered, management should include surgical excision, screening for syndromic features, and routine follow-up.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a HIV Negative, Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Nanda T.
Published: July 2016

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease most common in immunodeficient patients. It occurs due to reactivation of the John Cunningham Virus (JCV) and carries a poor prognosis, with a median life expectancy of 6 months. We report a case of a 66-year-old man with a history of HCV related cirrhosis (HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who was found to have PML in the setting of a negative viral load in the CSF and a CD4+ >200. He initially presented with two weeks of mild confusion and word-finding difficulty concerning for hepatic encephalopathy. An MRI was notable for extensive T2/FLAIR hyperintensity signal in the left temporal lobe. Brain biopsy was positive for JCV. PML is rare in immunocompetent individuals, especially in the setting of a negative viral load. It is possible, however, that transient states of immunosuppression may have been responsible in this case. Although viral load was reported as negative, virus may still have been detected but was below the quantifiable threshold. It is important for clinicians to note that a negative result does not necessarily exclude the possibility of PML, and care should be taken to review lab values on viral load in closer detail.
Expressions of Endocan in Patients with Meningiomas and Gliomas
Authors: Atukeren Pinar , Kunbaz Ahmad , Turk Okan , Kemerdere Rahsan , Ulu Mustafa Onur , Turkmen Inanir Nursel , Tanriverdi Taner
Published: July 2016

Objective. Endocan has been shown to be a marker for several cancers and may show degree of malignancy. The aim of this study is to assess tissue levels of endocan in common brain tumors, namely, meningiomas, low-grade gliomas (LGGs), and high-grade gliomas (HGGs).Patients and Methods. Endocan was assayed by commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits in a total of 50 brain tumors (20 meningiomas, 19 LGGs, and 20 HGGs) and 15 controls. The results were compared to control brain tissues.Results. Each tumor group showed significant higher levels of endocan compared to controls (p<0.05). In addition, endocan levels showed steady increase from the least (meningiomas) to the most (HGGs) malignant tumors and positive correlation was noted between the degree of malignancy and endocan level (p=0.0001).Conclusion. Endocan, a vital molecule for angiogenesis, is expressed in common brain tumors and results suggest that endocan could be a marker for malignancy.
Synthesis of Novel Pyrimethanil Grafted Chitosan Derivatives with Enhanced Antifungal Activity
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Song , Qin Yukun , Xing Ronge , Chen Xiaolin , Li Kecheng , Li Pengcheng
Published: July 2016

In this study, three pyrimethanil grafted chitosan (PML-g-CS) derivatives were obtained. The structures of the conjugates were confirmed by FT-IR,1H NMR, and EA. The grafting ratios were measured by HPLC. Antifungal properties of pyrimethanil grafted chitosan (PML-g-CS) derivatives against the plant pathogenic fungiRhizoctonia solaniandGibberella zeaewere investigated at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/L. The PML-g-CS derivatives showed enhanced antifungal activity in comparison with chitosan. The PML-g-CS-1 showed the best antifungal activity againstR. solani, whose antifungal index was 58.32%. The PML-g-CS-2 showed the best antifungal activity againstG. zeae, whose antifungal index was 53.48%. The conjugation of chitosan and pyrimethanil showed synergistic effect. The PML-g-CS derivatives we developed showed potential for further study and application in crop protection.
Management and Treatment of Human Lice
Authors: Sangaré Abdoul Karim , Doumbo Ogobara K. , Raoult Didier
Published: July 2016

Of the three lice (head, body, and pubic louse) that infest humans, the body louse is the species involved in epidemics of louse-borne typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever, but all the three cause pediculosis. Their infestations occur today in many countries despite great efforts to maintain high standards of public health. In this review, literature searches were performed through PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost, with key search words of “Pediculus humanus”, “lice infestation”, “pediculosis”, and “treatment”; and controlled clinical trials were viewed with great interest. Removing lice by hand or with a lice comb, heating infested clothing, and shaving the scalp were some of the oldest methods of controlling human lice. Despite the introduction of other resources including cresol, naphthalene, sulfur, mercury, vinegar, petroleum, and insecticides, the numbers of lice infestation cases and resistance have increased. To date, viable alternative treatments to replace insecticides have been developed experimentallyin vitro. Today, the development of new treatment strategies such as symbiotic treatment and synergistic treatment (antibiotics + ivermectin)in vitrohas proved effective and is promising. Here, we present an overview on managing and treating human lice and highlight new strategies to more effectively fight pediculosis and prevent resistance.
Use of a Rigid Curved Laryngoscope for Removal of a Fish Bone in the Hypopharynx
Authors: Sakaida Hiroshi , Chiyonobu Kazuki , Ishinaga Hajime , Takeuchi Kazuhiko
Published: July 2016

Foreign body ingestion is a commonly encountered clinical problem. In particular, sharp foreign bodies lodged in the esophagus or hypopharynx can cause complications and require urgent removal. Removal by flexible esophagogastroduodenoscopy or rigid esophagoscopy is the treatment of choice and has high success rates, but cases in which these methods are unsuccessful must be treated with an external incision. A 62-year-old man was referred for a fish bone lodged in the hypopharynx that could not be removed by flexible esophagogastroduodenoscopy. We removed the bone transorally using a specially designed rigid curved laryngoscope. Based on our experience, this method may have clear practical value due to advantages of a wide field of view and use of multiple rigid forceps. Indications may be limited, but this novel method may reduce the limitations of noninvasive removal of foreign bodies.
Practical and Robust Identification of Molecular Subtypes in Colorectal Cancer by Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Trinh Anne , Trumpi Kari , De Sousa E Melo Felipe , Wang Xin , de Jong Joan H. , Fessler Evelyn , Kuppen Peter J.K. , Reimers Marlies S. , Swets Marloes , Koopman Miriam , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Jansen Marnix , Hooijer Gerrit K.J. , Offerhaus George J.A. , Kranenburg Onno , Punt Cornelis J. , Medema Jan Paul , Markowetz Florian , Vermeulen Louis
Published: July 2016

Purpose: Recent transcriptomic analyses have identified four distinct molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer with evident clinical relevance. However, the requirement for sufficient quantities of bulk tumor and difficulties in obtaining high-quality genome-wide transcriptome data from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue are obstacles toward widespread adoption of this taxonomy. Here, we develop an immunohistochemistry-based classifier to validate the prognostic and predictive value of molecular colorectal cancer subtyping in a multicenter study.

Experimental Design: Tissue microarrays from 1,076 patients with colorectal cancer from four different cohorts were stained for five markers (CDX2, FRMD6, HTR2B, ZEB1, and KER) by immunohistochemistry and assessed for microsatellite instability. An automated classification system was trained on one cohort using quantitative image analysis or semiquantitative pathologist scoring of the cores as input and applied to three independent clinical cohorts.

Results: This classifier demonstrated 87% concordance with the gold-standard transcriptome-based classification. Application to three validation datasets confirmed the poor prognosis of the mesenchymal-like molecular colorectal cancer subtype. In addition, retrospective analysis demonstrated the benefit of adding cetuximab to bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic cancers of the canonical epithelial-like subtypes.

Conclusions: This study shows that a practical and robust immunohistochemical assay can be employed to identify molecular colorectal cancer subtypes and uncover subtype-specific therapeutic benefit. Finally, the described tool is available online for rapid classification of colorectal cancer samples, both in the format of an automated image analysis pipeline to score tumor core staining, and as a classifier based on semiquantitative pathology scoring. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 387–98. ©2016 AACR.
Soluble Prokaryotic Expression and Purification of Human Interferon Alpha-2b Using a Maltose-Binding Protein Tag
Authors: Vu Thu Trang Thi , Jeong Boram , Krupa Martin , Kwon Uijung , Song Jung-A , Do Bich Hang , Nguyen Minh Tan , Seo Taewook , Nguyen Anh Ngoc , Joo Chul Hyun , Choe Han
Published: July 2016

Human interferon alpha-2b (IFNα-2b) has therapeutic applications as an antiviral and antiproliferative drug and has been used for a wide range of indications. Efficient production of IFNα-2b in Escherichia coli has been difficult because the protein tends to form inclusion bodies. This obstacle has garnered interest in efficiently expressing IFNα-2b and overcoming its poor solubility. In this study, seven N-terminal fusion partners - hexahistidine (His6), thioredoxin, glutathione S-transferase (GST), maltose-binding protein (MBP), N-utilization substance protein A, protein disulfide bond isomerase (PDI), and b'a' domain of PDI - were tested for soluble overexpression of codon-optimized IFNα-2b in E. coli. Low temperature increased the expression level of all of the tagged proteins except for the GST fusion. All the tags, except for His6 and GST, improved solubility. We purified IFNα-2b from the MBP-tagged fusion using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography, and obtained a final yield of 7.2 mg from an initial 500-ml culture. The endotoxin level was 0.46 EU/µg. Biological activity was demonstrated using a luciferase assay, which showed a dose-dependent response with a calculated EC50 of 10.3 ± 5.9 pM. Our results demonstrate that using an MBP-tagged fusion is an efficient way to produce pure IFNα-2b.
Systematic Exploration of the Glycoproteome of the Beneficial Gut Isolate Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
Authors: Tytgat Hanne L.P. , Schoofs Geert , Vanderleyden Jos , Van Damme Els J.M. , Wattiez Ruddy , Lebeer Sarah , Leroy Baptiste
Published: July 2016

Glycoproteins form an interesting class of macromolecules involved in bacterial-host interactions, but they are not yet widely explored in Gram-positive and beneficial species. Here, an integrated and widely applicable approach was followed to identify putative bacterial glycoproteins, combining proteome fractionation with 2D protein and glycostained gels and lectin blots. This approach was validated for the microbiota isolate Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The approach resulted in a list of putative glycosylated proteins receiving a ‘glycosylation score'. Ultimately, we could identify 41 unique glycosylated proteins in L. rhamnosus GG (6 top-confidence, 10 high-confidence and 25 putative hits; classification based on glycosylation score). Most glycoproteins are associated with the cell wall and membrane. Identified glycoproteins include proteins involved in transport, translation, and sugar metabolism processes. A robust screening resulted in a comprehensive mapping of glycoproteins in L. rhamnosus GG. Our results reflect the glycosylation of sugar metabolism enzymes, transporters, and other proteins crucial for cell physiology. We hypothesize that protein glycosylation can confer an extra level of regulation, for example by affecting enzyme functions. This is the first systematic study of the glycoproteome of a probiotic and beneficial gut isolate.
Research in Psychiatry: Concepts and Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Marková Ivana S. , Berrios German E.
Published: July 2016

Current research in psychiatry is increasingly focused on empirical studies with methods and technologies adopted from medicine. This paper argues that psychiatry has a different epistemological basis from medicine, and it is on account of this that research in psychiatry demands a different approach, one that perforce focuses on the clarification of concepts central to psychiatric practice. This means undertaking conceptual analysis and conceptual history and only then moving on to empirical study. This paper highlights the crucial epistemological differences between the practice of medicine and psychiatry, showing that the latter is enacted at the level of language and communication. Consequently, the structures of psychiatric objects, namely, mental disorders and mental symptoms, are complexes of meaning derived from heterogeneous sources - both organic and semantic. Conceptual analysis of such structures is essential as ultimately the validity of empirical research is directly dependent on the conceptual clarification of its objects of inquiry.
PLAG1: An Immunohistochemical Marker with Limited Utility in Separating Pleomorphic Adenoma from Other Basaloid Salivary Gland Tumors
Authors: Avadhani Vaidehi , Cohen Cynthia , Siddiqui Momin T.
Published: July 2016

Objective: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms is often challenging. Differentiating between pleomorphic adenomas (PA) and other basaloid neoplasms, especially basal cell adenoma (BCA) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), can be difficult in cellular aspirates. PLAG1 (PA gene 1) is a proto-oncogene, which is frequently rearranged in PAs, leading to the aberrant expression of its protein. PLAG1 IHC expression has been reported to be positive in most PAs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of PLAG1 to differentiate PA from other basaloid neoplasms. Study Design: Immunohistochemical evaluation of PLAG1 was performed on 125 cases (52 FNAs and 73 surgical excisions). Nuclear staining of tumor cells was scored by the intensity and percentage of positive tumor cells. A combined score of >5 was defined as positive. Results and Conclusion: The sensitivity (55%) and specificity (75%) of PLAG1 in diagnosing PA in FNAs is relatively modest thus limiting its diagnostic utility. BCAs and AdCCs showed PLAG1 false positivity, in surgical excision specimens and less so in FNAs. This may be due to limited sampling or tumor heterogeneity. Hence, PLAG1 is a modest marker for PAs in FNAs.
ALIAS (Albumin in Acute Ischemic Stroke) Trials
Authors: Martin Renee’ H. , Yeatts Sharon D. , Hill Michael D. , Moy Claudia S. , Ginsberg Myron D. , Palesch Yuko Y.
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—

The ALIAS (Albumin in Acute Ischemic Stroke) part 1 and 2 trials evaluated whether 25% human serum albumin improves clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke above and beyond standard of care using similar protocols. The part 1 trial ended prematurely because of safety concerns, and the part 2 trial terminated early because of futility of finding a statistically significant effect of albumin over saline (control) administration. We combine the subject-level data of the part 1 and 2 trials to reevaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes with the larger sample size.

Methods—

The combined data analyses closely follow those conducted in the part 2 trial. The primary outcome is the composite of the modified Rankin Scale and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale defined as a composite of modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 1 and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 0 to 1 at 90 days from randomization. The unadjusted analyses use a simple Chi-square test, and those adjusting for baseline covariates use a generalized linear model with log link (to obtain relative risks).

Results—

The participant characteristics at baseline were generally similar between the treatment groups and between the trials; however, thrombolysis use was greater in part 2 (84% versus 75%), and the upper age limit imposed in part 2 resulted in a younger sample (mean age in part 1 was 69 versus 64 in part 2). In the combined sample, the proportions of good outcome in the 2 treatment groups were identical (41%). Similar results were observed in all secondary efficacy outcomes. Pulmonary edema was a consistent safety concern, with a 6-fold increase in the albumin arm (13%) compared with saline (2%; relative risk =7.76, 95% confidence interval 3.87–15.57).

Conclusions—

Treatment with intravenous albumin 25% at 2 g/kg was not associated with improved outcome at 90 days and was associated with increased rates of intracerebral hemorrhage and pulmonary edema.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00235495.
The Draft cdc Circumcision Recommendations: Medical, Ethical, Legal, and Procedural Concerns
Authors: Adler Peter W.
Published: July 2016

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“cdc”) is poised to recommend that physicians counsel the parents of every newborn boy and heterosexually active adolescent and man in the United States – approximately 36 million boys and men – that the benefits of circumcision outweigh the risks, that parents should take non-medical factors into account in making the “circumcision decision”, and that Medicaid should pay for it.

The draftcdcrecommendations are not medically correct, ethically sound, legally permissible or procedurally valid. Accordingly, they should not be implemented and would be legally invalid if they are. They provide erroneous and misleading advice to physicians that exposes them to the threat of lawsuits by men and parents. Thecdcmust revise its draft guidelines to comport with the correct and prevailing view in the Western world that circumcision is on balance deleterious to health; that men have the right to make the “circumcision decision” for themselves; that physicians are not permitted to circumcise healthy boys; and that it is unlawful to use Medicaid to pay for unnecessary surgery.
Framing Asymmetry: Devolution and the United Kingdom’s Four Children’s Commissioners
Authors: Rees Osian , Williams Jane
Published: July 2016

The United Kingdom’s four children’s commissioners, established under separate legislation for Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland and England, are amongst the best known of the public institutions created since the beginning of devolved government in 1999. Like many such offices around the world, they are the result of domestic political and social processes as well as the influence of the requirements of international human rights treaties, specifically the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Different processes in the four countries have produced differing remits and emphases, but each commissioner is in part a response to concerns about the vulnerability of children in difficult circumstances. The commissioners’ activities include vigilance over the access of such children to support, in particular support for getting their voices heard. The commissioners have also developed prominence on the international stage as independent children’s rights institutions and all have been active in promoting children’s participation in social accountability for human rights implementation. This article explains the commissioners’ different roles and remits and examines ways in which they contribute to accountability for human rights implementation in the political, administrative, legislative, judicial and social spheres. It concludes by suggesting that their status as both “children’s champion” and independent children’s rights institutions is likely to assure their long-term endurance in the still-evolving process of constitutional change in theuk.
Paper Orphans: Exploring Child Trafficking for the Purpose of Orphanages
Authors: van Doore Kathryn E.
Published: July 2016

There are an estimated eight million children residing in orphanages, or residential care facilities, globally and it is estimated that four out of five of these children are not orphans. It is well documented that many of these children are taken from their families by recruiters and sold into orphanages for the purpose of profit. These children are known as “paper orphans”. There is no formal legal academic research available on how international law regards the displacement from family and subsequent construction as an orphan.

This article provides a legal account of the movement of the child from the family to the orphanage, and considers whether this movement can be categorised as child trafficking under international law. The major point of contention as to whether paper orphans are considered trafficked is whether they experience a form of exploitation that is included in the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. This article examines the forms of exploitation that have been documented as being experienced by paper orphans and argues that the process of paper orphaning meets the current interpretation of the definition of trafficking.
Discrimination against Fathers in Greek Child Custody Proceedings: Failing the Child’s Best Interests
Authors: Bantekas Ilias
Published: July 2016

Greek family courts routinely favour mothers in child custody proceedings even in cases where residence with the father would clearly be in the best interests of the child. This discrepancy between the law and judicial practice is justified by the courts on alleged bio-social grounds but these have never been identified, let alone elaborated in any way and no theory from the field of neuroscience or developmental psychology has ever been cited as the groundwork for the courts’ approach. This arbitrariness and the concomitant absence of legal certainty stems from the absence of a dedicated family court system. As a result, generalist judges are fearful of expressing themselves in non-legal areas, such as neuroscience, or otherwise have little awareness of developments in these areas. Because judgments never make any scientific pronouncements, litigants cannot challenge the courts on scientific grounds. This gender bias has its roots also in taboo theory. With minor exceptions, experts universally agree that attachment theory is gender-neutral and that children, especially infants, form meaningful primary attachments to the person who provides them with a loving and caring environment. Ultimately, in many cases custody arrangements lead to financial bartering in exchange for additional visitation time by the father or exclusion of the father from the child’s life. The injurious nature of such an outcome is analysed here from a neuroscience perspective.
Breaking Down Boundaries: Voice and Participation in English Primary Education
Authors: Struthers Alison E. C.
Published: July 2016

Pupil voice and active participation form two central elements of international Human Rights Education (hre) provisions. This article draws upon empirical research conducted in primary schools across England to gauge the nature and extent of these processes at classroom and school level and to understand better the reasons for apparent deficiencies in their practice. It argues that whilst there is good practice regarding both concepts, they are nevertheless constrained within tightly controlled boundaries. The underlying reasons for these constraints – including concerns about loss of control and reservations about the value and efficacy of school councils – are explored by drawing upon data from qualitative interviews with teachers. Suggestion is made that in order to break down the boundaries that currently restrict voice and participation, teachers need to become comfortable with the idea of rights respecting learning environments and this will only happen through the provision of hre in their own teacher training.
Of Religious Diseases and Sociological Laboratories: Towards a Transnational Anatomy of Catholic Secularisation Narratives in Western Europe, 1940–1970
Authors: Dols Chris
Published: July 2016

This article focuses on various unexplored transnational aspects of Catholic secularisation narratives in the French, Dutch, and West German Church Provinces between 1940 and 1970. It argues that the Dutch kaski institute, especially, paved the way for transnational entanglement, not only by launching a scientific journal and organising international conferences, but also by establishing an international umbrella institute. With regard to the discursive structure of secularisation narratives, it suggests that an amalgamation of words, figures, and/or cartograms made particular sociological analyses of religiosity so pervasive. An understanding of the historical origins of Catholic secularisation narratives is key to the study of pastoral sociology because these narratives helped legitimise the acting of sociologists in the ecclesiastical domain.
Enemy Within? The Appeal of the Discipline of Sociology to Religious Professionals in Post-War Britain
Authors: Morris Jeremy
Published: July 2016

This article explores the contingencies shaping a particular moment in post-war British theology, a time when sociological descriptions of contemporary society were given new authority by church leaders and theologians anxious to discover a new way through the challenges facing their churches. Attention focuses on the history of religious sociology in Britain, and on industrial mission, social history, and theological radicalism as they converged in the work of a number of British commentators in the 1950s and 1960s. The article also considers the significance of this development for the theory and historiography of secularisation.
Blavatsky and Monotheism: Towards the Historicisation of a Critical Category
Authors: Chajes Julie
Published: July 2016

Madame Blavatsky (1831–1891), the influential occultist, transvalued the category of monotheism, abandoning, in The Secret Doctrine (1888), the positive interpretation that it had been given in Isis Unveiled (1877). This reversal of the prevailing Enlightenment-based valuation of monotheism was related to Blavatsky’s construction of identity as an esotericist. Her discussions must be situated within a wider “invention” of monotheism as a category (taking place most significantly from the early-nineteenth century), and they can be contextualised in relation to the contemporaneous philological, Egyptological, and Orientalist scholarship on which she drew.
Isodon villosus (Nepetoideae, Lamiaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
Authors: CHEN YA-PING , XIANG CHUN-LEI , SUNOJKUMAR PURAYIDATHKANDY , PENG HUA
Published: July 2016

Isodon villosus, a new species from Guangxi, southern China, is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically close to I. lophanthoides and I. phyllopodus, but differs from the former by its declinate corolla tube, included stamens and style, and larger mericarp, and from the latter by its base of lamina not decurrent on petiole, panicle densely septate-villose, as well as posterior lip without spot. A key to all 15 taxa of Isodon from Guangxi is also provided.
On a new species of the rare syllid genus Exogonoides (Annelida, Phyllodocida, Syllidae)
Authors: FUKUDA MARCELO VERONESI , MARTÍN GUILLERMO SAN , CARRERETTE ORLEMIR , PARESQUE KARLA
Published: July 2016

The genus Exogonoides Day, 1963, was described probably based on a single specimen, broken into two pieces (Aguado & San Martín 2008) and no other specimens of the type species, E. antennata Day, 1963, were ever found, which characterizes this species and, until now, the very genus Exogonoides, as ‘singletons’ (Lim et al. 2012). Although described as a member of the Syllidae Grube, 1850, the positioning of the genus in the family was recently questioned (Aguado & San Martín 2008), since the pharynx of the holotype was dissected for the original description and not preserved with the specimen, resulting that the presence of the proventricle, considered the main synapomorphy of the family, could not be confirmed.
Redescription and lectotype designation of Chasmogenus abnormalis (Sharp), with notes on its distribution
Authors: DEVI M. BHUBANESHWARI , DEVI O. SANDHYARANI , FIKÁČEK MARTIN , MINOSHIMA YÛSUKE N. , WANGHENGBAM LEIPHON
Published: July 2016

Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 is a relatively small genus of 43 described species of aquatic beetles assigned to the subfamily Acidocerinae of Hydrophilidae (Hansen 1999; Short & Hebauer 2006; Short & Fikáček 2011, 2013; Clarkson & Ferreira-Jr. 2014). It is distributed in all zoogeographic regions except the Nearctic, with the highest species richness known from the Afrotropical (18 spp.) and Neotropical (15 spp.) Regions. Only four species have been described from the Oriental Region: C. abnormalis (Sharp, 1890), C. rubricollis (Régimbart, 1903), C. larsi Hebauer, 1995, and C. cattienus Hebauer, 2002. Of these, only C. abnormalis was recorded multiple times after its description
The genus Anisoscelis Latreille (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae: Anisoscelini): new species, taxonomical arrangements, distributional records and key
Authors: BRAILOVSKY HARRY
Published: July 2016

Anisoscelis currently comprises nine species and has been recorded from Texas (here recorded for the first time) on the south of the United States of North America across Mexico, Central and South America, but absent in Chile and the Great and Lesser Antilles; Anisoscelis (Bitta) flavolineatus Blanchard, 1849 is placed in synonym under Anisoscelis (Bitta) alipes Guérin-Méneville, 1831, and Anisoscelis (Bitta) flavolineatus osunai Brailovsky and Mayorga, 1995 is placed in synonymy under Anisoscelis (Bitta) hymenipherus Westwood, 1840; Anisoscelis (Anisoscelis) marginellus (Dallas) previously considered a subspecies under Anisoscelis (Anisoscelis) foliaceus (Fabricius) is removed to specific rank; a new species A. (Bitta) luridus from México is described. Photographs of dorsal habitus and parameres and key to the known species are included. New distributional records for most of the species are given; food plants records are included with an apparent trophic preferences for member of the genus Passiflora. A complete checklist, with subgeneric position of each species is given.
Description of a new early-derivative mite, Pentasetacus plicatus n. sp. (Acariformes, Eriophyoidea), and remarks on the systematic position of pentasetacines
Authors: CHETVERIKOV PHILIPP E. , PETANOVIĆ RADMILA U.
Published: July 2016

A new vagrant early-derivative eriophyoid mite species Pentasetacus plicatus n. sp. (GeneBank accession number KT070291) is described from Araucaria araucana (Molina) K.Koch from Chile and Peru with the aid of conventional and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Observations on the gnathosoma of the new species indicate that the oral stylet is bent in the middle and twice shorter than the infracapitular and cheliceral stylets. A trough-like subcapitulum originated from the palpcoxae, and swollen basal parts of chelicerae bearing putative cheliceral seta, were observed under CLSM in specimens with disjointed mouth parts. Males with an exposed gonopore under an uncovered genital coverflap and remnants of soft genital organs were registered. Contrary to other eriophyoids, the plates of the longitudinal bridge in P. plicatus n. sp. and other pentasetacines are not fused so that the genital slit continues posterior to the spermathecal apparatus. The previously established taxon Pentasetacidae Shevchenko, Bagnyuk, Sukhareva, 1991 is proposed for the eriophyoids bearing five prodorsal shield setae (Loboquintus and Pentasetacus); a refined diagnosis of Pentasetacidae is given.
Acroteriobatus omanensis (Batoidea: Rhinobatidae), a new guitarfish from the Gulf of Oman
Authors: LAST PETER R. , HENDERSON AARON C. , NAYLOR GAVIN J.P.
Published: July 2016

The recently resurrected genus Acroteriobatus is represented in the western Indian Ocean by eight species, including a new guitarfish Acroteriobatus omanensis sp. nov. This small species (reaching ~60 cm TL) was discovered off Oman in an investigation of the chondrichthyan fauna of the Arabian in 2002 and 2003. Its distinctiveness from other members of the genus Acroteriobatus is strongly supported by molecular data. Acroteriobatus omanensis sp. nov. differs from all other members of the genus by its very narrowly pointed snout and having a dense pattern of small, symmetrically arranged ocelli each consisting of a white spot surrounded by a darker rim. Acroteriobatus annulatus and A. ocellatus have a       more-or-less ocellated dorsal colour pattern but the markings are larger and differ in form (ocelli consisting of a small dark central spot surrounded by a dark-edged pale ring in A. annulatus; larger, irregularly shaped ocelli with pale centres surrounded by a dark brown rim in A. ocellatus).