PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KAPAS MELALUI PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU (PHT)
Authors: TIRTOSUPROBO SUPRIADI , HARTONO JOKO HARTONO 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Pongkah, Kecamatan Tellusiatinge,<br />Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan, bulan April sampai dengan Nopember<br />2001. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk (a) mengetahui besarnya biaya<br />produksi dan pendapatan usahatani kapas antara petani kapas binaan dan<br />petani kapas non binaan, (b) mengetahui tingkat adopsi teknologi pada<br />usahatani kapas binaan, dan (c) mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi dalam<br />proses adopsi teknologi PHT yang dianjurkan. Lokasi penelitian dipilih<br />secara sengaja (purposive) dengan pertimbangan bahwa Kabupaten Bone<br />merupakan salah satu sentra produksi kapas di Sulawesi Selatan. Dua<br />perlakuan yang dibandingkan terdiri dari petani kapas peserta PHT sebagai<br />petani kapas binaan ditentukan secara sengaja sebanyak 87 petani pada<br />hamparan lahan kering seluas 51 ha. Sebagai pembanding diambil secara<br />acak sederhana (simple random sampling) sebanyak 60 petani kapas non<br />binaan dengan luas lahan 33 ha. Komponen teknologi yang dianjurkan<br />pada petani PHT adalah : (a) benih kapas tanpa kabu-kabu, (b) tanam<br />kapas varietas toleran wereng (Kanesia 7), (c) tanam tepat waktu, (d)<br />penanaman jagung sebagai perangkap hama, (e) penggunaan serasah, (f)<br />konservasi gulma penarik parasitoid, dan (g) penyemprotan berdasar hasil<br />panduan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi : (1) populasi arthropoda<br />perusak dan berguna, (2) biaya saprodi dan tenaga kerja, (3) hasil kapas<br />berbiji, (4) tingkat adopsi teknologi, (5) kendala penerapan teknologi PHT.<br />Data di analisis menggunakan model analisis diskriptif dan usahatani<br />enterprise. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi predator pada<br />serasah di areal kapas binaan mencapai 178,57 ekor per 0,35m 3 onggokan<br />serasah, dan populasi pada tanaman kapas 11,62 ekor per 25 tanaman<br />kapas. Produksi kapas berbiji yang diperoleh petani binaan dan petani non<br />binaan masing-masing sebesar 1435 kg/ha dan 588 kg/ha, dengan<br />pendapatan atas biaya tunai masing-masing sebesar Rp. 2.330.648 dan Rp.<br />279.273. Tingkat adopsi petani dalam penerapan teknologi PHT baru<br />mencapai 70%. Secara umum kendala yang dihadapi adalah (1) petani<br />masih belum menguasai teknologi bertanam kapas, termasuk teknologi<br />PHT karena minimnya ketersediaan modal, (2) benih yang ditanam petani<br />daya tumbuhnya hanya 20-40%, dan (3) petani menghendaki harga kapas<br />tinggi.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, adopsi teknologi, pendapatan<br />ABSTRACT<br />Increasing production and farmer’s income through<br />integrated pest management application<br />This research was conducted in Pongkah, Tellusiatinge District,<br />Bone, South Sulawesi from April to November 2001. The aims of this<br />research were to (a) determine the production cost and income from cotton<br />cultivation between the trained cotton farmer and non-trained cotton<br />farmer, and (b) determine the level of technology adoption among the<br />trained cotton farmers and (c) investigate constraints in adopting the<br />technology of integrated pest management (IPM) which had been<br />suggested for the implementation by the farmers. The location was<br />purposively selected based on the consideration that the Bone regency was<br />one of the main area of cotton cultivation in the South Sulawesi. Two<br />groups were compared in this study. These groups were 87 trained farmers<br />who cultivated 51 hectares of dry field and 60 non-trained farmers, who<br />cultivated 33 hectares of dry field. The technology implemented by the<br />trained farmers were (a) the use of delinted seed , (b) the use of resistant<br />cotton variety to Sundapteryx biguttula (Kanesia 7), (c) timely planting,<br />(d) planting corn to trap the pest, (e) using mulch (corn stalk waste), (f)<br />conservation of weeds to attracts parasitoid, and (g) insecticide spraying<br />based on scouting system. The data gathered in this study included: (1)<br />population of arthropods, both pest and non-pest, (2) the cost of production<br />and labor, (3) the yield of cotton, (4) the level of technology adoption, and<br />(5) the constraints in adopting PHT technology. The data were analyzed<br />using descriptive analysis and farming enterprise. The results of the<br />analysis showed that the population of predators on the mulch in the field<br />cultivated by trained farmers was 178.57insects 0.35 m 3 and in non-trained<br />farmer field was 11.62 insects/25 plants. The yields of cotton between<br />trained and non-trained farmers was 1435 kg/ha and 55 kg/ha, resulting in<br />cash income of Rp. 2,330,648.00 and Rp. 279,273.00. The level of<br />technology adoption for trained farmers was 70 percent and the constraints<br />were: (1) lack of knowledge in applying PHT technology due to<br />insufficient capital, (2) germination rate of seeds planted by non-trained<br />farmers was only 20-40 percent, (3) the low price of cotton.<br />Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, technology adoption, income