bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Network Pharmacology of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) on COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Saputro Dominyda Vebrianto , Jamil Ahmad Shobrun , Muchlisin M Artabah , Almuhtarihan Irsan Fahmi
Published: November 2023

Various ways and treatment efforts are carried out to avoid the severe impact of COVID-19 cases, one of which is using plants as natural immunomodulatory agents. One of the plants that is proven to act as a natural immunomodulator is lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). This study aimed to determine the protein tissue associated with the body's immune system activated by C. citratus. The secondary metabolites of C. citratus were identified using the KNApSAck and Dr. Duke databases. Target proteins associated with plant-secondary metabolite compounds from the SwissTargetPrediction database and immunomodulatory-associated target proteins were obtained from the GeneCards database. The intersected proteins were put into StringDB and analyzed using KEGG to obtain network pharmacology. 98 secondary metabolite compounds of C. citratus were obtained from the database. Proteins associated with C. citratus contain 1096 compounds, and those related to immunomodulators contain 1380 proteins. The intersection results obtained 244 proteins predicted to interact with C. citratus and are related to immunomodulators. From the results of KEGG analysis, five pathways related to C. citratus were obtained, namely PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, T cell receptor signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. MAPK 1, MAPK 3, and MAPK 14 proteins are predicted to be in all five related pathways, and Mol 13 compounds are predicted to be able to interact with these three proteins. Thus, it can be concluded that the compound Mol 13 is the compound that plays the most role in acting as an immunomodulator in C. citratus.
Molecular Docking of Benzimidazole Derivative Compounds as Xanthin Oxidase Inhibitor
Authors: Dewi Tanaya Jati Dharma , Muttakin Muhammad Zaki , Azzahra Rani , Fuadah Arti Septina Nur , Annaura Syifa , Faiza Nahda Aqila
Published: November 2023

Modifying the structure of a compound can increase the potency and selectivity of a compound. In designing a compound that is potent and selective, this can be done by: several methods, one of which is molecular docking. Benzimidazole, a special organic compounds with N-heterocyclic ring systems show various biological activities through effective binding to enzyme receptor sites. xanthin oxidase is one of the target proteins which is an enzyme. This study aimed to predict benzimidazole derivate compounds as xanthin oxidase inhibitor using molecular docking and predict their physicochemical properties. Molecular docking menggunakan Molegro Virtual Docker, for physicochemical properties using SwissADME. The results of the research showed that the activity of Benzimidazole derivative compounds is better than Allopurinol, whic is shown from the Rerank Score value which is lower than allupurinol so that the activity of the Benzimidazole derivative compound as a Xanthin Oxidase receptor inhibitor is better and more stable as a new drug candidate.
On the issue of new media typology
Authors: Shesterina Alla M.
Published: November 2023

Significant changes in the media system, noted by many researchers recently and reflected at all levels of its existence, make the issue of supplementing and correcting the existing media typology relevant today. A significant component of the media system is new media, the typology of which has not yet been fully implemented. The purpose of our study is to seek, as a first approximation, to form possible approaches to the typology of new media, as well as to give a brief description of the main types. The study is aimed at analyzing the Russian-speaking sector of new media in order to determine the features of its development and already established or emerging types. Typology is carried out on the basis of such features as the purpose of creating media, features of authorship, features of content (thematic focus, genre and species originality) and audience orientation. In the course of the study, we come to the conclusion that new media can be largely attributed to the types of media already described, however, they have unique features that make it possible to supplement the existing typology. We also note the mobility of the new media system, which causes the process of constant transformation of typological groups and requires frequent updating of existing approaches.
Differential approach to the diagnosis and treatment of appendicular peritonitis in children
Authors: Karpova I. Yu. , Strizhenok D. S. , Myasnikov D. A. , Parshikov V. V. , Pyatova E. D. , Potemina T. E.
Published: November 2023

The incidence of appendicular peritonitis (AP) is 3-4 % among all acute surgical diseases in children, and the structure of acute appendicitis in recent decades fluctuates within 10-15 %. Timeliness and informativeness of acute abdomen diagnostics remain important tasks of clinical practice. The use of laparoscopy with its possibility of diapeutic approach allows to diagnose and eliminate the cause of the disease. On the basis of the surgical department of the Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Nizhny Novgorod. In the period from 2018 to 2022, 126 (11.2%) patients with various types of AP were treated in Nizhny Novgorod. All children were examined with assessment of general and local status, laboratory tests were performed using unified methods developed for practical healthcare. In complicated or doubtful cases, ultrasound of the abdominal cavity organs was performed (Vivid-7 of expert class using high-frequency transducers: convex (frequency up to 5 MHz) and linear (frequency up to 10 MHz). Local forms of AP prevailed – 90 %, of which appendicular abscess was found in 35 % of observations. Data of anamnesis, examination of patients, assessment of purulent-inflammatory markers in complicated and controversial situations were resolved by ultrasound of abdominal cavity organs. Instrumental diagnostics allowed them to detect anechogenic contents (effusion), delimited areas of absceding between the intestinal loops, perforation defect of the appendix wall, periappendicular abscess forming. Within the framework of surgical correction the priority was given to laparoscopy (59.5 %), a modern therapeutic and diagnostic method with a diapeutic approach. Open interventions were used in 51 (49.5%) patients, of which: Sprengel's access was performed in 31 (61%) patients, Volkovich-Dyakonov was used in 19 (37%) cases, midline laparotomy was performed in 1 child. Analysis of the results of bacteriological studies allowed us to identify the leading pathological pathogens belonging to Gram-negative or Gram-positive flora. In the postoperative period, therapy corresponding to the treatment of patients with peritonitis was prescribed. Evaluation of bacteriological examination revealed that Enterobacteriaceae (87%), non-fermenting bacteria (72%) were susceptible to all antibiotics. However, the highest susceptibility (73 %) was noted to cephalosporins. All children were discharged home in satisfactory condition, with an average bed-day of 12.32 ± 2.4.
Clinical justification of the use of a three-part two-support bridge prosthesis
Authors: Buentsov I. O. , Nesterov A. M.
Published: November 2023

Describes the relevance of the use of fixed orthopedic structures in prosthetics of patients with partial absence of teeth. Clinical features of orthopedic rehabilitation of a patient with this pathology are revealed. The results of a computational experiment on choosing the optimal sizes of the supporting parts of a three-part bridge prosthesis are presented. The technology of manufacturing a bridge prosthesis is described and the nearest clinical results of treatment of this disease are given.
Internacionalização em casa por meio da mobilidade virtual nas Instituições de Educação Superior Federais de Santa Catarina
Authors: Passos Christiane Guimarães dos Santos dos , Stallivieri Luciane
Published: November 2023

Introdução: a internacionalização da educação superior, focada na mobilidade física, é uma atividade restrita a poucos alunos. Com as limitações causadas pela pandemia de COVID-19 a mobilidade física foi prejudicada e a mobilidade virtual passou a ser uma opção para as instituições manterem a internacionalização. Sob a perspectiva de que a mobilidade virtual pode contribuir para a internacionalização nas instituições de educação superior. Objetivo: analisar o desenvolvimento da internacionalização em casa por meio da mobilidade virtual nas instituições de educação superior federais do estado de Santa Catarina. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de caso, no qual foram realizadas entrevistas com dois gestores de duas instituições federais do estado de Santa Catarina. Foi realizada análise documental, utilizando-se da análise de conteúdo para a discussão dos dados. Resultados: A análise permitiu identificar que houve ofertas de unidades virtuais no período pandêmico, as quais foram caracterizadas quanto a: tipo de oferta, língua de instrução, duração, modalidade, tipo de certificação, público-alvo e público demandante. Foram apontados, com base na percepção dos gestores, os facilitadores e os dificultadores para tais ofertas. Conclusão: Como principal contribuição da pesquisa, foi elaborado um rol de ações a serem tomadas pelas instituições que tenham como propósito desenvolver a internacionalização da educação, por meio da internacionalização em casa e por meio da atração de estudantes internacionais para a mobilidade virtual.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE CTX-M GENE IN KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE PRODUCING ESBLS IN UTI PATIENTS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN PURWOKERTO, BANYUMAS REGENCY, CENTRAL JAVA - CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Kurniawan Anang , Setyono Joko , Utami Anjarawati Dwi
Published: November 2023

Background: The CTX-M gene in ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with virulence factors and encodes for antibiotic resistance. There are currently 128 different varieties of CTX-M, which gene can hydrolyze beta-lactam medicines like cefotaxime. Purpose: Identify the CTX-M gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae from patients with Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) at a private hospital in Banyumas Region of Central Java, Indonesia. Method: Cross-sectional survey method was employed in this study. The subjects of the study comprised 40 patients with UTI admitted to a private hospital in Banyumas Region, Central Java, Indonesia. Using a direct molecular approach called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) directed against the CTX-M gene, DNA was isolated from isolates cultured in CHROMagarTM ESBLs obtained from catheter urine samples. Result: A total of 4 out of 40 urine samples (10%) tested positive for ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The PCR was performed to detect the CTX-M gene in 100% of the strains. Conclusion: These findings suggest the presence of CTX-M gene found in ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in individuals with urinary tract infections in a private hospital in Purwokerto, Banyumas regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This information can be used to assess antibiotic administration practices.
Neural Coupling between Interhemispheric and Frontoparietal Functional Connectivity during Semantic Processing
Authors: Soshi Takahiro
Published: November 2023

Interhemispheric and frontoparietal functional connectivity have been reported to increase during explicit information processing. However, it is unclear how and when interhemispheric and frontoparietal functional connectivity interact during explicit semantic processing. Here, we tested the neural coupling hypothesis that explicit semantic processing promotes neural activity in the nondominant right hemispheric areas owing to synchronization with enhanced frontoparietal functional connectivity at later processing stages. We analyzed electroencephalogram data obtained using a semantic priming paradigm, which comprised visual priming and target words successively presented under direct or indirect attention to semantic association. Scalp potential analysis demonstrated that the explicit processing of congruent targets reduced negative event-related potentials, as previously reported. Current source density analysis showed that explicit semantic processing activated the right temporal area during later temporal intervals. Subsequent dynamic functional connectivity and neural coupling analyses revealed that explicit semantic processing increased the correlation between right temporal source activities and frontoparietal functional connectivity in later temporal intervals. These findings indicate that explicit semantic processing increases neural coupling between the interhemispheric and frontoparietal functional connectivity during later processing stages.
The Entropy of a Brownian Particle in a Thermal Bath Interacting Both with a Parabolic Potential
Authors: Colmenares Pedro J.
Published: November 2023

In a recent article, the author derived a new generalized Langevin equation and its associated Fokker-Planck equation of a Brownian particle in a parabolic potential where the thermal bath, consisting of $N$ harmonic oscillators, interacts bilinearly with the external field. The time needed for the system to reach a steady state is longer than that for the classical version where such an interaction is off. We find that there is a marked effect of the field-bath interaction on the average heat and entropy production of the bath represented through strong oscillations in such properties. The new theory applied to the system should improve the physical description of previous works done with the classical approach.
Cell Adhesion at the Tight Junctions: New Aspects and New Functions
Authors: Wibbe Nicolina , Ebnet Klaus
Published: November 2023

Tight junctions (TJ) are cell-cell adhesive structures that define the permeability of barrier-forming epithelia and endothelia. In contrast to this seemingly static function, TJs display a surprisingly high molecular complexity and an unexpected dynamic regulation, which allows the TJs to maintain a barrier in the presence of physiological forces and in response to perturbations. Cell-cell adhesion receptors play key roles during the dynamic regulation of TJs. They connect individual cells within cellular sheets and link sites of cell-cell contacts to the underlying actin cytoskeleton. Recent findings support roles of adhesion receptors in transmitting mechanical forces and promoting phase separation. In this review, we discuss newly discovered functions of cell adhesion receptors localized at the TJs and their role in the regulation of the barrier function.
Risk Factors Determining the Benefits of It Outsourcing – a Structural Model
Authors: Sloniec Jolanta
Published: November 2023

(1) The main purpose of this article is to analyse the relationship between risk factors and the benefits of Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO). For this purpose, a structural model was created to determine the dependency of the benefits on the importance of the risk factors associated with this service. (2) The research methodology included: a literature review, descriptive analysis, and empirical and formal methods. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data, and structural equation methodology was used to build and verify hypotheses. The structural model was tested on data from business practice - 200 large organizations, mostly enterprises, operating in Poland and using IT outsourcing. (3) The purpose was accomplished by determining the relationship between the IT outsourcing benefits and the risk factors' importance. The strongest relationship exists between supplier-related risk factors and technological benefits, while a slightly weaker relationship exists between economic risk and economic benefits and customer-related risk and organizational benefits. The weakest relationship exists between security risks and strategic benefits. (4) The article’s originality and value consist in establishing the existence of a relationship between risk factors and the benefits of IT outsourcing, and in identifying which groups of risks have the strongest impact on the benefits of ITO, which can be exploited by the service suppliers.
CD147/Basigin Is Involved in the Development of Malignant Tumors and T Cell Mediated Immunological Disorders via Regulation of Glycolysis
Authors: Kanekura Takuro
Published: November 2023

CD147/Basigin, a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin super family, is a multifunctional molecule with various binding partners. CD147 binds to monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and supports their expression on plasma membranes. MCTs play an important role in glycolysis, the enzymatic conversion of glucose to pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Pyruvate is further converted to lactic acid which is exported from the cytoplasm by MTC-1 and MCT-4 to maintain intracellular pH and a stable metabolic state. Under physiological conditions, cellular energy production is induced by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis usually occurs under anaerobic conditions, whereas cancer cells depend on glycolysis under aerobic conditions. T cells also require glycolysis for differentiation, proliferation, and activation.
Human malignant melanoma cells expressed higher levels of MCT-1 and MCT-4, co-localized with CD147 on the plasma membrane and showed an increased glycolysis rate compared to normal human melanocytes. Silencing of CD147 by siRNA abrogated the membrane expression of MCT-1 and MCT-4 and disrupted glycolysis, inhibiting cancer cell activity.
The differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells is a pivotal process in the development of various immune disorders, including psoriasis. Studies using CD147-deficient mice demonstrated the involvement of CD147 in psoriasis. MCT-1 was absent on CD4+ T cells in CD147-deficient mice. Naïve CD4+ T-cells from CD147-deficient mice show low potential for differentiation into Th17 cells. Imiquimod-induced skin inflammation was significantly milder in CD147-deficient mice than in wild-type mice. These findings indicate that CD147/Basigin is involved in the development of malignant tumors and T cell mediated immunological disorders via regulation of glycolysis.
A Lifestyle App and Multiple Health Behavior Change in Users: Effects of App Use and Interrelations of Behaviors
Authors: Lippke Sonia , Korte Luisa , Kumar Vinayak Anand , Fach Andreas , Homoth Jan , Oltmann Claas , Ratz Tiara
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Prevention of acute cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) requires promoting health-protective behaviors (e.g., physical activity) and preventing health-compromising behaviors (sitting). Digital health interventions provide much potential. Based on multiple behavioral change theory, an intervention (reCardial app) was evaluated, and the following hypotheses were tested: H1: Health behaviors (physical activity, sitting) and disease self-management (self-care maintenance, self-care confidence) are closely interrelated. H2: Change in health behaviors and disease self-management indicators over time is more pronounced in reCardial app-users. H3: In the intervention group, changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure indicate a positive trajectory. (2) Methods: A study with the design of a randomized controlled trial over 12 weeks was conducted. 40 CVD-patients were randomized equally to the Intervention Group (35% women; Mage=60.6years) and Control Group (45% women; Mage=61.5years). (3) Results: Findings support H1 with significant correlations between health behaviors (r=0.45-0.63**), and disease self-management (r=-0.32-0.54**), H2 with Eta²=0.21 (not statistically significant) and H3 partially with d=0.101 for systolic blood pressure but not regarding diastolic blood pressure. (4) Conclusions: Replications are needed with larger samples and more objective measures. The app can help prevent and manage CVD by means of promoting health-protective behaviors and preventing health-compromising behaviors. Taking different behaviors into account can increase intervention effects and with that support of users.
Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Two Novel 68Ga-labeled Bispecific PSMA/FAP-targeted tracers with 2-Nal-containing PSMA-targeted Pharmacophore and Pyridine-based FAP-targeted Pharmacophore
Authors: Verena Arsyangela , Merkens Helen , Chen Chao-Cheng , Chapple Devon E. , Wang Lei , Bendre Shreya , Wong Antonio A. W. L. , Bénard François , Lin Kuo-Shyan
Published: November 2023

Some bispecific radiotracers have been developed to overcome the limitations of monospecific tracers and improve detection sensitivity for heterogeneous tumor lesions. Here we aim to synthesize two bispecific tracers targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which are key markers expressed in prostate cancer. A pyridine-based FAP-targeted ligand was synthesized through multi-step organic synthesis, and then connected to the 2-Nal-containing PSMA-targeted motif. Ki(PSMA) values of Ga-complexed bispecific ligands, Ga-AV01084 and Ga-AV01088, were 11.6 ± 3.25 and 28.7 ± 6.05 nM, respectively, and the IC50(FAP) values of Ga-AV01084 and Ga-AV01088 were 10.9 ± 0.67 and 16.7 ± 1.53 nM, respectively. The uptake values for PSMA-expressing LNCaP tumor xenografts were 9.05 ± 1.54 and 8.85 ± 1.25 %ID/g for [68Ga]Ga-AV010184 and [68Ga]Ga-AV01088, respectively, which were lower than the monospecific PSMA-targeted tracer [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 (16.7 ± 2.30 %ID/g). The uptake values for FAP-expressing HEK293T:hFAP tumor xenografts were 1.90 ± 0.41 and 1.20 ± 0.25 %ID/g for [68Ga]Ga-AV01084 and [68Ga]Ga-AV01088, respectively, which were also lower than the monospecific FAP-targeted tracer, [68Ga]Ga-AV02070 (7.93 ± 1.88 %ID/g). Further investigations are needed to optimize the selection of linkers and targeted pharmacophores to improve the tumor uptake of PSMA/FAP bispecific tracers for prostate cancer imaging.
Modeling Methods for Evaluation of Texture Properties of Cooked Germinated Brown Rice Using the Near Infrared Spectra of Uncooked Whole Grain
Authors: Kaewsorn Kannapot , Phanomsophon Thitima , Maichoon Pisut , Pokhrel Dharma , Pornchaloempong Pimpen , Krusong Warawut , Sirisomboon Panmanas , Tanaka Munehiro , Kojima Takayuki
Published: November 2023

The models of partial least squares (PLS) regression and artificial neural network (ANN) for evaluation of texture properties of cooked germinated brown rice (GBR) using the Fourier transform near infrared (NIR) spectra of uncooked whole grain combined with data separation methods, spectral pretreatment methods were investigated in this study. The ANN was outperformed in evaluation of hardness by back extrusion test of cooked GBR using the smoothing combined with standard normal variate pretreated NIR spectra in the range of 12,500-4,000 cm−1 of 188 whole grain samples where the calibration sample set was separated from prediction set by Kennard-Stone method where the best ANN model for hardness from hidden layers of 25 and 8 iteration time provided R2, r2, RMSEC, RMSEP, Bias and RPD of 0.9987, 0.9447, 0.1021 N, 0.7699 N, 0.0216 N and 4.3 respectively. The PLS regression of 64 sample KDML GBR group and 64 sample various variety GBR group, provided models for the hardness of the former and the toughness of the latter which developed by using 7506−5446.3, 4605.4−4242.9 cm−1 which included the amylose vibration band of 6834 cm−1 while toughness model was from 9403.8-6094.3 cm−1 where included 6834 and 8316 cm−1 vibration bands of amylose which influenced the texture of cooked rice. The PLS regression models for hardness and toughness were with the r2 of 0.85 and 0.82, and the RPD of 2.9 and 2.4, respectively. The ANN model for hardness of cooked GBR should be implemented to the practical use in GBR production factories for the quality assurance and further updating using more samples and several brands to obtain the robust models.
A Survey on Ransomware Threats: Contrasting Static and Dynamic Analysis Methods
Authors: Kang Qian , Gu Yuanyuan
Published: November 2023

The proliferation of ransomware poses a significant threat to global cybersecurity. This study presents a comprehensive review of the methodologies employed in the detection and analysis of ransomware, emphasizing the dichotomy between static and dynamic analysis approaches. It introduces the historical context and the necessity for robust cybersecurity measures, followed by an outline of the methodological framework used to evaluate existing ransomware analysis techniques. The results detail the effectiveness and limitations of various analysis strategies, identifying key features and patterns that aid in the detection and classification of ransomware threats. The study concludes by summarizing the primary achievements, including the identification of gaps in current research and proposing future research directions aimed at enhancing ransomware detection and mitigation strategies. The synthesis provided in this survey offers a consolidated view of the state-of-the-art in ransomware threat analysis and serves as a resource for cybersecurity professionals and researchers.
Smallholder Farmers’ Knowledge, Perception and Management of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Zea mays at Irrigation Schemes in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Nethononda Phophi , Hurley Brett Philip , Slippers Bernard , Makhura Moraka Nakedi
Published: November 2023

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, arrived during the 2016/2017 cropping season in Limpopo, South Africa and it continues to cause devastating damage on maize in this region. The present study investigated knowledge, perception and management of S. frugiperda by smallholder farmers at Dzindi and Tshiombo irrigation schemes in this region. The study was conducted in 16 focus group discussion interviews, 12 at Dzindi and four at Tshiombo irrigation scheme. Although farmers failed to identify S. frugiperda eggs and pupal stages, they positively identified the pest by its larval stage and refer to it by several local names. All farmers relied extensively on insecticides for S. frugiperda control. With the exception of the Dzindi irrigation scheme farmers, who have adopted Bt maize, very few farmers have adopted alternative methods to chemical control such as mechanical control, physical control (crushing egg and handpicking of larvae), biological control, cultural practices (such as Push-Pull Technology), possible indigenous knowledge, or the use of monitoring tools, for the management of S. frugiperda. The study provided valuable information for designing sustainable management practices to control S. frugiperda on maize in smallholder farming communities.
High Sensitivity Troponin I and Cardiovascular Events in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Insights from a Longitudinal Outpatient Study
Authors: Strunz Celia Maria Cassaro , Hueb Whady , Rezende Paulo Cury , Vendramini Sabrina Pacheco do Amaral , Assis Arthur Cicupira Rodrigues de , Roggerio Alessandra , Tairova Maria Stanislavovna , Silva Marcela Francisca , Oliveira Senili Avila , Kisser Gyovanna de Cassia Agreste Kisser , Kalil Filho Roberto
Published: November 2023

Numerous studies were published suggesting that troponin level is related to adverse outcomes in chronic cardiac and non-cardiac conditions. Our study investigated whether troponin levels gathered from an unselected blood sample taken during outpatient care are associated with adverse outcomes in a population with stable coronary artery disease.
In a cohort of 949 patients with stable coronary artery disease, average age of 67.5 ± 9.5 years, 69.5% male, 52.1% diabetics, 51.6% with previous myocardial infarction, 57.9% with triple-vessel disease, 21.7% of patients encountered new events during an average period of monitoring of 2.07 ± 0.81 years. Troponin I/99th percentile categorized into tertiles emerged as an independent predictor of death and combined events risk (hazard ratio: 2.02 (1.13-3.60), p=0.017; 2.30 (1.37-3.88, p=0.002, respectively). A troponin ratio > 0.24 was able to identify 53.3% of patients at risk of death and heart failure hospitalization. In patients with stable coronary artery disease and adherent to treatment, troponin level is independently associated with death and heart failure hospitalization in a medium-term follow up.
Large Eddy Simulation of Flow Around a Generic Submarine at Straight Ahead and 10° Yaw Conditions
Authors: Chen Mo , Zhang Nan , Sun Hailang , Zhang Xuan
Published: November 2023

Aim at a better understanding of the flow field around a fully appended Joubert BB2 submarine model and complementing the experimental investigations of the wake of the hydroplanes and sail, the Large eddy simulation (LES) with the dynamic Smagorinsky model is conducted. Three sets of grids with a maximum grid number of up to 228 million are designed, to perform the LES simulation for the Joubert BB2 at 10° yaw conditions, with a freestream Reynolds (Re) number based on the local freestream velocity and the hull length of ReL=2.2×107. And comparison of the wake of the cruciform appendage is made with experiments, to verify the computational accuracy and examine the influence of the spatial resolution. A satisfactory result shows more favorable agreement with experimental measurements as the improvement of spatial resolution, with the relative error of the vortice centers well within 7.2% in the most refined grid arrangement. And under this grid arrangement, the evolution characteristics of three co-rotating vortices originating from the cruciform appendage are further described in detail at straight ahead and 10° yaw conditions.
Islamic Boarding Schools' Foreign Language Goals: A Dual-Language Sinking Model
Authors: Nasir Amin , Syukur Fatah , Suja'i Suja'i
Published: November 2023

This study was motivated by the failure of language learning from traditional methods. This method does not provide a chance for students to practice the language that makes the alinated from the target language. On this basis, Dual-Language Sinking model was developed for language learning which will bridge learning with the daily lives of students to achieve the expected language competencies.This literature review will try to explore what language competencies are needed by students to be said as language competent users and what are the ideal patterns of language learning to develop their language competencies. Finally, the Dual-Language Sinking model will be explained as a offered model to develope language competencies and how to implement the model. The results of this study indicate that competent language users are those who are able to function their language skills and knowledge in their daily activities. To develop students who are competent in language, the learning conditions must be designed as naturally as possible as students' first language environment. This can be achieved by implementing a dual-language sinking as bilingual program. This model uses the target language as the language of instruction in learning and students' daily lives, so that students will develop their language competence through their daily habits.
Kilometer-scale global warming simulations and active sensors reveal changes in tropical deep convection
Authors: Bolot Maximilien , Harris Lucas , Cheng Kai-Yuan , Merlis Tim , Blossey Peter , Bretherton Christopher , Clark Spencer , Kaltenbaugh Alex , Zhou Linjiong , Fueglistaler Stephan
Published: November 2023

Changes in tropical deep convection with global warming are a leading source of uncertainty for future climate projections. A comparison of the responses of active sensor measurements of cloud ice to interannual variability and next-generation global storm-resolving model (also known as k-scale models) simulations to global warming shows similar changes for events with the highest column-integrated ice. The changes reveal that the ice loading decreases outside the most active convection but increases at a rate of several percent per Kelvin surface warming in the most active convection. Disentangling thermodynamic and vertical velocity changes shows that the ice signal is strongly modulated by structural changes of the vertical wind field towards an intensification of strong convective updrafts with warming, suggesting that changes in ice loading are strongly influenced by changes in convective velocities as well as a path toward extracting information about convective velocities from observations.
Predicting incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis through quantitative meniscal lesion parameters: the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Bo Kaida , Liu Xin , Ou Jianliang , Zhang Yuanyi , Wang Xu , Yang Shuo , Zhang Wei , Zhang Lelei , Chang Jun
Published: November 2023

Background: This study investigates the potential of novel meniscal parameters as predictive factors for incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis (ROA) over a span of four years, as part of the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) study.
Methods: A subset of 178 knees (from 176 patients ) from the OAI study, with incident ROA (Kellgren Lawrence Grade (KLG) 0 or 1 at baseline (BL), evolving into KLG 2 or above by year 4), were matched for gender, age and radiographic status on a one-to-one basis with 178 control knees (from 178 patients) that did not develop incident ROA (KLG 0 or 1 at BL, KLG<2 by year 4). Mean distance from medial-to-lateral meniscal lesions [Mean(MLD)], mean value of tibial plateau width [Mean(TPW)] and the mean of the relative percentage of the medial to lateral meniscal lesions distance [Mean(RMLD)] were evaluated through coronal T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) MRI. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to assess the risk of incident ROA associated with novel meniscus parameters after adjustment for covariates. Sensitivity analysis was performed for P-0 (the visit when ROA was identified on radiographs), P-1(one year prior to P-0) and the incidence of ROA at baseline (enrollment period).
Results: Mean(MLD) and Mean(RMLD) were significantly greater for incident knees compared to no incident knees at BL P-1and P-0. [Mean(MLD), Mean(RMLD); (42.56-49.73) mean ± (7.70-9.52) mm SD vs (38.14-40.78) mean ± (5.51-7.05)mm SD; (58.61-68.95) mean ± (8.52-11.40) mm SD vs (52.52-56.35) mean ± (6.53-7.85)mm SD, respectively]. The baseline meniscus measurement parameters included Mean(MLD), Mean(TPW), and Mean(RMLD). Baseline Mean(MLD) and Mean(RMLD), [Adjusted OR, 95%CI: 1.11(1.07 to 1.16) and 1.13(1.09 to 1.17), respectively], were associated with incident ROA during 4 years, However, Mean(TPW) [Adjusted OR, 95%CI: 0.98(0.94 to 1.02)] was not associated with incident ROA during 4 years. At baseline, Mean (MLD) and Mean (RMLD) were significantly different between the case and control groups. While Mean(TPW) at P-1 and P-0 was not associated with the risk of incident ROA, Mean(MLD) and Mean(RMLD) at P-1 and P-0 were significantly positively associated with the risk of incident ROA.
Conclusions: Compared to the control group, Mean(MLD) and Mean(RMLD) at baseline, P-1 and P-0 were higher in the case group, and significant differentiation of these measures was observed among the groups. These novel meniscus parameters alterations could be an important imaging biomarker to predict the occurrence of ROA.
Novel, broad and potent spike-specific human monoclonal antibodies inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages
Authors: Walker Melanie , Underwood Alexander , Raghavan Sai Sundar Rajan , Bassi Maria , Björnsson Kasper , Binderup Alekxander , Pham Long , Ramirez Santseharay , Pinholt Mette , Dagil Robert , Knudsen Anne , Idorn Manja , Søgaard Max , Wang Kaituo , Salanti Ali , Bukh Jens , Barfod Lea
Published: November 2023

The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern with mutated spike receptor binding domains has rendered many therapeutic mAbs ineffective. To date, there are no clinically authorized therapeutic antibodies effective against the predominant circulating sub-lineages BQ and XBB. Here, we report the isolation of broad and potent neutralizing HuMabs from a Danish healthcare worker infected with SARS-CoV-2 early in the pandemic. These HuMabs include a novel and genetically unique non-RBD-specific HuMab (K501SP6) which can neutralize Omicron sub-lineages BQ and XBB, and an RBD-specific HuMab (K501SP3) with high potency towards earlier circulating variants but was escaped by Omicron sub-lineages BA.5, BQ and XBB through F486 and E484 substitutions. Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific HuMabs, including broadly reactive non-RBD-specific HuMabs, can give insight into the immune mechanisms involved in neutralization and immune evasion, which can be a valuable addition to already existing SARS-CoV-2 therapies.
The Influence of Various Grease Compositions and Silver Nanoparticle Additives on Electrically Induced Rolling-element Bearing Damage
Authors: Bond Samuel , Jackson Robert L. , Mills German
Published: November 2023

Leakage currents accelerate surface degradation of metal contacts via small scale arcing across lubricating films, but recent observations suggest that metallic nanoparticle additives in lubricants may be useful to improve contact performance. These findings prompted a study dealing that examined electrically induced surface pitting of steel contacts in the presence of several lubricating greases including some containing nanometer-sized colloidal Ag particles. Reciprocating rolling sphere-on-disk experiments were conducted under electro-tribological loads employing polyurea greases derived from mineral and synthetic base oils with and without additives. Preparation of greases modified with nanoparticles used only Ag colloids stable in hydrocarbons, which prevented particle aggregation. Friction forces and electrical resistance were monitored continuously during the tests; surface changes were characterized by means of optical spectroscopy, stylus profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including compositional analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The observations demonstrate that surface pitting induced by arcing occurs mainly at the points were the rolling motion changes direction and that eroded metal is deposited along the wear grove. Micron-sized pits are formed which contain carbon and oxygen indicating that arcing causes decomposition of the hydrocarbon lubricants. All the findings indicate a significant inhibition of pitting induced by the nanoparticles; some greases containing other additives exhibit a similar, although less pronounced, effect.
The effect of thermomechanical welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of S700MC steel welds
Authors: WANG PENG , Gomes Felipe Martins , Warchomicka Fernando Gustavo , Ernst Wolfgang , Vallant Rudolf , Poletti Maria Cecilia , Enzinger Norbert
Published: November 2023

Grain refinement by plastic deformation attempts to compensate for the loss of mechanical properties of welded joints during conventional TIG welding. We performed thermomechanical welding (TMW) tests on the S700MC steel with welding combinations of the TIG arc heating and frequent hammering over three target cooling times (t8/5 = 5s, 15s and 25s). Additionally, we analysed the effect of initial microstructures on the weld joint quality by testing three materials conditions: hot-rolled (as-received), and cold-rolled with 10% and 30% thickness reductions. We separately studied the effects of plastic deformation, and the mechanical vibration on the grain refinement. Optical microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction and Vickers hardness were used to characterise the weld microstructure heterogeneity. We correlated the weld width and depth, and the mean grain size as the function of cooling time t8/5. The results show that the weld dimensions increase as increasing the t8/5. The weld microstructures transformed from the mixed martensite and bainite into the mixed ferrite and bainite with increasing mean grain size as increasing the t8/5 time. The TMW welds exhibit smaller grains compared to TIG welds due to the coupled effects of the mechanical vibration and plastic deformation. The mechanical vibration contributes to weld metal homogenisation, accelerating TiN precipitation in the fusion zone. The proposed TMW process can refine the weld microstructures of S700MC steel, enhancing its mechanical properties.
Feasibility and acceptability of integrating an early childhood development intervention into the health-facility setting in Siaya County: findings of a qualitative study
Authors: Onyango Silas , Kitsao-Wekulo Patricia , Okelo Kenneth , Nampijja Margaret , Oyugi Beatrice , Obongo Christopher , Omedo Dickens , Sen Debjeet , Kimani-Murage Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Background
This paper explores the perceptions and experiences of stakeholders to understand the feasibility and acceptability of integrating early childhood development (ECD) intervention into the health system.
Method
Data were derived from an endline qualitative survey, which was part of a larger ECD study conducted in Siaya County, Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to select participants for the qualitative interviews. We conducted KIIs, focus group discussions (FGDs), and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Analyses were organized according to the preselected thematic areas.
Result
Political goodwill, proper coordination and support, and good linkages between the community and the health facility facilitated the implementation despite the challenges of a shortage of personnel and staff transfers. Integration of ECD intervention into the health system seems feasible in terms of its performance, service provision, information provided, and efficiency. In addition, stakeholders willingly supported the implementation of the intervention at different levels and capacities, which led to perceived acceptability. Furthermore, there was general satisfaction with the implementation due to perceived benefits that could potentially improve children’s developmental outcomes.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating ECD interventions into the health system. Future interventions integrating ECD messages into nutrition and health programs can leverage key drivers identified through this study for smooth and effective integration.
Optimization of nitrogen management reduce nitrogen stress and enhance productivity of super- seeder sown wheat under rice residue incorporation
Authors: L Peace Raising , Singh Virendra Pratap , Chandra Subhash , Shukla Anil , Pareek Navneet , Zhiipao R Rustum , Re Kadapa Sreenivas , Duo Hriipulou , Dorjee Lham , Karthik Rayapati , Singh VK , L Peace Raising
Published: November 2023

The in-situ management of rice straw incorporation is now an essential practice in the rice-wheat cropping system with the growing adoption of super-seeder among farmers. This machinery has made it easier to incorporate rice residues into the soil, crushing and spreading straw evenly for cleaner cultivation. However, the effect of nutrient immobilization due to incorporation of massive organic residues at the initial stage of the decomposition is a major constraint for enhancing yield and productivity. This study investigates the effect of bio-decomposer, nitrogen (N) level, and N scheduling on N immobilization status, dry matter, N accumulation, remobilization, productivity and soil quality variables in super-seeder sown wheat for two consecutive years (2020-21 and 2021-22). The experiment was laid in split-split-plot design without (B0) and with (B1) application of bio-decomposer in main plot and two nitrogen levels 150 (N1) and 180 (N2) kg ha-1 in sub-plot; and three N splits (%) viz., 50: 25:25 (S1), 40: 30: 30 (S2), and 30 :35:35 (S3) in sub-sub-plot and replicated thrice. N concentration and uptake at pre- and post-anthesis were recorded significantly higher with N2 and S1 compared to N1 and S2 and S3 in both years. Post-anthesis N accumulation (post-NA) and N remobilization (NR) with N2 was significantly higher to the tune of 22% and 17% than N1. Dry matter accumulation (DMA) at anthesis and harvest with N2 was significantly higher by 5.7%, while with S1 there is an improvement of 6.2% over S3. The grain yield with N2 and S1 significantly improved by 8.3% and 10.9% (two years mean) compared to N1 and S3, respectively. Soil urease activity (UA) was significantly enhanced with the application of microbial formulation (bio-decomposer), N2, and S1 in comparison to B0, N1 and S3 at 30 and 60 DAS (days after sowing). Besides, use of bio-decomposer also improved soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC). Hence, the present study revealed that the application of higher N level coupled with higher proportion of basal N resulted in overcoming N stress and could be propounded for sustainable production and higher productivity. The result presented here assumes great significance in proper utilization and conservation of rice residue under rice-wheat cropping system.
Declining household greenhouse gas footprints in Germany: Decomposing the contributions of working time, consumption, mobility, energy efficiency and decarbonization between 2000 - 2019
Authors: Wiedenhofer Dominik , Plank Barbara , Antal Miklós
Published: November 2023

Understanding the drivers of household greenhouse gas (GHG) footprints is crucial for designing measures accelerating emission reductions. Well-documented drivers are demand, energy efficiency and decarbonization of energy supply, while mobility and esp. working time have received less attention.
Herein, the drivers of German household energy and GHG emissions footprints from 2000–2019 are decomposed using extended Kaya Decompositions. Footprints are declining at -1%/year, due to improving energy efficiency and decarbonization overcompensating the growth of per-capita and per-hour incomes. Private mobility footprints decline by -1.4%/year, driven up by growing distances, car-dominated modal splits and growing air travel, compensated by improving energy efficiency and decarbonization, slightly decreasing numbers of trips and stable expenditure on mobility. Aggregate working time is growing, which drives up footprints, while increasing part-time employment resultin small reductions of average per-capita working time.
Part-time work is one form of working time reduction for which assumptions of the Kaya Decomposition are fairly realistic. However macro-economic feedbacks and potentially negative social side-effects of part-time work need to be addressed to design equitable policy measures. Remaining research issues are the roles of work-related trips and mobility on company expenses, delivery services and transport of goods, and targeted analyses for socio-economic groups.