bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Perceptual Control Perspective on Neurodiversity: Am I Abnormal or Simply in Control?
Authors: van de Klomp Djoeke , de Hullu Eva
Published: February 2025

According to the Western medical model, mental disorders can be diagnosed and treated similar to physical illnesses. Individuals who deviate from what is considered normal, typical and acceptable, are labelled as disordered. After decades of developing standards to classify symptoms into categories of disorders, exemplified by the DSM, there is a growing demand to move away from this form of classification. The neurodiversity community advocates for a paradigm shift, from the pathology paradigm towards the neurodiversity paradigm. Within this context, there is an ongoing search for a model to explain individual differences. To evaluate whether a model meets the needs of the neurodiversity community, the following criteria have been identified: variety in being, diversity in functioning, and inclusivity of diversity. This theoretical study discusses three proposed alternative models against these criteria: the traits model, the biopsychosocial model, and the ecological model. Additionally, it introduces another model, Perceptual Control Theory (PCT; Powers, 1973), a functional model based on the properties of negative feedback. This paper argues that the perceptual control model meets the identified criteria. Variety in humanity is better understood when individuals are regarded as active agents (control systems). The hierarchy of control offers a deeper insight into why we behave differently and why we pursue different goals. The transdiagnostic process of loss of control, underlying all forms of psychopathology, provides a framework to understand a wide range of psychological manifestations. PCT proposes a shift in perspective, from categorising differences into disorders to understanding differences through the control of perception.
Editorial Vol.7(1)
Authors: Mishra Sanjay Kumar
Published: February 2025

Not Available
Determinations of Antenatal Care Utilization Among Reproductive Age Women in Lumbini Province, Nepal
Authors: Pant Indira , Devkota Bijaya Mani , Oli Lal Bahadur
Published: February 2025

This study examines the factors influencing Antenatal care (ANC) utilization among women aged 15–49 in Lumbini Province, Nepal, using data from the 2021 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Logistic regression analysis identifies significant determinants of ANC attendance, including age, birth order, education, and wealth. This study shows that in a similar meter from the previous, women in the age group of 20-24 years are at a risk of almost 4.78 times greater for attending ANC visits than women below it. The odds continue to increase as with an all-time high validation for women aged 30-49 years (OR = 11.75, p = 0.017). Where birth order sometimes negatively affects ANC usage, women with three or more children will less likely seek ANC (OR = 0.344, p = 0.063). There is a positive association between the ANC use and education because those women with better education are 2.83 more likely to access ANC services, although it is not very significant.  Indeed, differences in the economics that do exist show that poorer women attend ANC as showed to by an OR of 0.384, which denotes that they are 0.384 times less likely to attend ANC compared to the poorest (OR = 0.384, p = 0.045): with wealth, indirect influences of religion, caste/ethnicity, and location using socio-economic factors being biased toward ANC use. It shows that, it should to improve ANC for young mothers, women with higher birth orders, and income. Addressing these gaps therefore needs a multi-faceted approach in terms of strengthening education, financial support, and healthcare infrastructure. The findings provide the much needed evidence and policymakers to strategize around maternal health equity and SDG pathways that give detail in regard to addressing maternal and child health issues in Lumbini Province.
Effects of Radiation Dose of Photon and Electron Beam Energies and Angles in Radiation Therapy
Authors: Khadka Narendra , Neupane Bijay Raj , Karki Ram Sharan , Baniya Smriti , Baniya Hom Bahadur
Published: February 2025

This study explores the effects of varying radiation beam energy levels and angles on the doses administered to adjacent healthy tissues and tumors during cancer treatment. While electron beams are best suited for superficial tumors because of their shallow penetration depth, photon beams produced by linear accelerators are useful for deep-seated tumors. Radiation doses were measured at different angles with 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams at 0° and 60° and with 6 MeV, 12 MeV, and 15 MeV electron beams at 0° and 15°. The findings demonstrate that larger angles and higher energy produce higher doses at different positions in photon therapy. Energy levels in electron therapy have a greater effect on dose distribution than angles. Our linear regression model analysis found that energy level angles and dose measurements in photon therapy strongly correlate with high R2 scores (above 0.8). Substantial and inconsistent correlations were observed with electron therapy. Despite these variations, a positive correlation was seen between various dose measurements for both treatments. These results emphasize the significance of choosing the right angles and energy levels to maximize treatment efficacy and minimize harm to healthy tissues. The use of these treatment protocols in clinical settings is supported by comparing our results with international standards which guarantee safety and efficacy.
Student Motivation in the Classroom: Practical Techniques and Strategies
Authors: Adhikari Narayan Prasad , Budhathoki Jhupa Kumari , Adhikari Sharad
Published: February 2025

The main objective of this study is to find out the practical techniques and strategies for student motivation in the classroom. This study is based on literatures review and presented in descriptive way. This article discusses numerous motivational techniques and strategies aimed to improve student's learning. It is found that supporting student motivation in the classroom is a challenging yet essential task for teachers. Enhancing classroom motivation is vital for creating a productive learning environment. Effective and practical techniques and strategies can significantly enhance students’ motivation and academic performance. It gives teachers the useful resources they need to motivate and inspire their students. It is argued that encouraging students to perform in the classroom should come from both intrinsic and extrinsic sources, but that encouraging students to learn and achieve will ultimately come from an intrinsic source will be extremely important. It is important that motivated students should work toward being autonomous learners, using self-regulated learning techniques, and accepting accountability for their own education. This article provides insights into practical strategies that help maximize student motivation and encourage academic accomplishment, from creating an optimal learning environment to putting new methods of instruction into practice.
An Analytical Study on Political Patronage Corruption in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Santa Bahadur
Published: February 2025

This paper delves into Nepal's intricate political patronage and corruption landscape, focusing on its historical context, driving factors, and implications. The study examines the evolution of patronage and corruption, tracing its roots to the Rana and Panchayat regimes and highlighting how these systems nurtured patronage networks. The key results suggest that lack of political stability, poverty, transparency and accountability, and weak institutions are the leading causes of corruption. On the other hand, corruption leads to economic decline and undermines citizens' trust in the political system. Patronage networks only strengthen this process, with politicians trading votes for positions, leading to a culture of corruption and underpinning meritocracy. Despite anti-corruption measures like the Right to Information Act and the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA), challenges persist due to political interference and enforcement deficiencies. Addressing these deeply entrenched issues is crucial for Nepal's progress and development.
समसामयिक नेपाली नाटककारमा वैचारिक उपस्थिति {Ideological Presence in Contemporary Nepali Playwrights}
Authors: थापा Thapa अशोक Ashok
Published: February 2025

नेपाली नाटकको इतिहासमा तीसको दशकपछिको समयलाई समसामयिक कालखण्ड मानिन्छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा यस चरणमा सक्रिय रहेका मोहनराज शर्मा, मोदनाथ प्रश्रित, ध्रुवचन्द्र गौतम, मनबहादुर मुखिया, गोपाल पराजुली र सरुभक्त आदिजस्ता नाटककारहरूको सृजनात्मक योगदान र तिनले नाटकमा प्रस्तुत गरेका वैचारिक दृष्टिकोणको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यो लेख तयार पार्न प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक स्रोतबाट सामाग्री सङ्कलन गरिएको छ साथै जीवित नाटककारहरूको प्रवृत्ति बुझ्न प्रत्यक्ष अन्तर्वार्ताहरू पनि लिइएका छन् । नाट्यस्रष्टाहरूको परिचयका लागि वर्णनात्मक पद्धति र उनीहरूको वैचारिक पक्षको विवेचना गर्न विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धति प्रयोग गरिएको छ । नाटक लेखनमा समयको परिवर्तनसँगै वैचारिक धारामा आएको भिन्नता र उत्तरवर्ती नाटककारहरूको सृजनामा देखा परेको वैचारिक पृथकताको अवस्थालाई पनि यस लेखमा विवेचना गरिएको छ जसले नेपाली नाटककारहरूको विविध चिन्तनलाई उजागर गरेको छ । यस लेखको मुख्य उद्देश्य नयाँ नाटककारहरूको पहिचान गराउनु र तिनीहरूको वैचारिक उपस्थिति तथा सोचको निरूपण गर्नु हो । पुस्तकालय कार्य तथा सोद्देश्यमूलक नमुना छनोट विधि अवलम्बन गरी तयार गरिएको यस लेखले भविष्यमा यस विषयमा अनुसन्धान गर्न इच्छुक पाठक तथा अनुसन्धाताहरूका लागि मार्गदर्शन गर्न सक्छ । समसामयिक नेपाली नाटकमा के कसरी वैचारिक उपस्थिति भएको छ भन्ने मुख्य समस्यमा केन्द्रित यस लेखमा विसङ्गति, अस्तित्व, शून्यवाद, प्रगतिशीलता, उत्तरआधुनिकता आदि वैचारिक प्रयोग भएको निष्कर्ष नै यस लेखको प्राप्ति हो ।
पूर्वीय साहित्यमा रसवाद चिन्तन र उत्पत्ति {Rasavad philosophy and its origin in Eastern literature}
Authors: आचार्य Acharya ओमप्रकाश  Omprakash
Published: February 2025

रसवाद पूर्वीय साहित्यशास्त्रको सर्वाधिक चर्चित र आकर्षक साहित्यिकवाद हो । रसशास्त्रअनुसार रस आस्वाद्यपन हो । रससिद्धान्तका प्रवर्तक आदिआचार्य भरतमुनि हुन् । रसवादमा के कस्ता चिन्तन देखिएका छन् ? नेपाली साहित्यमा रस प्रयोग कसरी हुँदै आएको छ ? भन्ने जिज्ञासा एवम् अनुसन्धेय प्रश्नमा आधारित आधारित हुँदै अध्ययनको मूल समस्या रसवादको चिन्तन र प्रयोगसँग सम्बन्धित भएकाले यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखको मुख्य उद्देश्य रसवादको चिन्तन र प्रयोगको अध्ययन गर्नु हो । यसका विशिष्ट उद्देश्यहरू रसवादमा देखिएका चिन्तनको विश्लेषण गर्नु, नेपाली साहित्यमा रस प्रयोगको अध्ययन गर्नु हो । पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययन विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको यस अध्ययनमा नेपाली साहित्यका साहित्यिक विधा र गीतलाई उद्देश्यमूलक ढङ्गबाट नमुनाको छनोट गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा रससिद्धान्त, रससामग्री, रससूत्र, रसप्रकार र रसप्रयोगका सम्बन्धमा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनको व्याख्या विश्लेषण प्रक्रिया वर्णनात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक रहेको छ । रसवादसम्बन्धी उत्पन्न चिन्तनमा रससामग्री विभाव हुन्छ । यसमा आलम्बन विभाव र उद्दीपन विभाव हुने गर्दछ । अनुभाव, व्यभिचारी र स्थायी भाव रसभाव हुन् । यिनै स्थायी भावका आधारमा नवरस देखापर्ने गर्दछन् । शृङ्गार रस पहिलो रस हो । यो संयोग र वियोग वा विप्रलम्भ शृङ्गारमा  विभाजन हुन्छ । हास्य, वीर, करुण, रौद्र, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भूत र शान्त रस रसप्रकार हुन् । रसउत्पत्तिका उत्पत्ति, अनुमिति, भुक्ति, अभिव्यक्तिवाद बहुचर्चित रससूत्र हुन् । नेपाली साहित्यका कविता र नाटक विधामा नवरसको प्रयोग हुनुका साथै शृङ्गार, वीर, हास्य र शान्तरसको बढी प्रयोग भएको छ । राष्ट्रिय गीतमा वीर र शान्त रस प्रयोग भएको छ । आधुनिक गीतमा नवरससँगै शृङ्गार, करुण, शान्त रसको प्रयोग हुने गरेको छ । लोकदोहोरी गीतमा समेत नवरसको प्रयोग हुनुका साथै शृङ्गार, करुण र शान्त रस बढी प्र्योग हुने गरेको छ । यस लेखका माध्यमबाट रसचिन्तन र नेपाली साहित्यमा रसप्रयोगको स्थितिका सम्बन्धमा ज्ञान प्राप्त हुने भएकाले साहित्यमा रसका बारेमा अध्ययन गर्न, अनुसन्धान गर्न चाहनेका लागि यो लेख महŒवपूर्ण हुनेछ ।
रावणायन उपन्यासमा युगचेतना {Epochal consciousness in the novel Ravanayan}
Authors: श्रेष्ठ Shrestha जीवन  Jivan
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत शोधलेख खनाल रेवतीरमणकृत रावणायन उपन्यासमा अभिव्यक्त युगचेतनाको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । कुनै समय विशेषमा सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक एवम् राजनीतिक रूपमा विकसित अवधारणा युगचेतना हो । प्रस्तुत उपन्यासमा रावणको प्रचलित मिथकलाई पुनर्लेखन गरी नायकत्व प्रदान गरिएको छ र त्यसमार्फत संविधान सभामार्फत संविधान बनेपश्चात्को युगचेतना अभिव्यक्त गरिएको छ । यस सन्दर्भमा रावणायन उपन्यासमा वर्तमान युगचेतनालाई के–कसरी प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ भन्ने समस्याको समाधान खोजी गर्ने उद्देश्यका साथ यो अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यसमा रावणायन उपन्यास प्राथमिक सामग्री रहेको छ भने यस उपन्यासबारे गरिएका पूर्वअध्ययन र युगचेतनासम्बन्धी लेखरचना द्वितीयक सामग्री रहेका छन् । तिनको सङ्कलन पुस्तकालाय र इन्टरनेटका माध्यमबाट गरिएको छ । समस्याको समाधानका लागि उपन्यासबाट सोद्देश्यमूलक विधिबाट तथ्यहरू सङ्कलन गरी तिनको व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरिएकाले यसमा विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यसरी गरिएको अध्ययनका आधारमा यस उपन्यासमा विभेदप्रतिको प्रतिरोध चेतना र समतामूलक समाजको परिकल्पना जस्ता युगचेतनालाई पौराणिक पात्र रावणको चरित्रको पुनर्लेखनका माध्यमबाट प्रस्तुत गरिएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
हर्कबहादुर कवितामा व्यञ्जनार्थ {Implied meaning in the poem Harkabahadur]
Authors: थापा Thapa दीपक Deepak
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख आनन्दवर्धनद्वारा प्रतिपादित ध्वनिसिद्धान्तअनुसार अभिधा, लक्षणा र व्यञ्जना (प्रतीयमान अर्थ) मध्ये व्यञ्जना वा प्रतीयमान अर्थका आधारमा दिनेश अधिकारीद्वारा रचित हर्कबहादुर कविताको अर्थनिरूपणमा केन्द्रित छ । पूर्वीय काव्य परम्परामा ध्वनि सिद्धान्तका आधारमा काव्यको श्रेणी मापन गर्ने गरिन्छ । रससिद्धान्त जस्तै ध्वनि पनि संस्कृत साहित्य समालोचनाको एक अत्यन्त उर्वर एवम् प्राचीन सिद्धान्त हो । आनन्दवर्धनले व्यङ्ग्यको प्रबलता रहेको अभिव्यक्तिलाई ध्वनिकाव्य मानेका छन् भने ध्वनि तत्त्व गौण रूपमा रहेका या वाच्यर्थकै समान भएर रहेको अभिव्यक्तिलाई गुणीभूत व्यङ्ग्य काव्य मानेका छन् । हर्कबहादुर कवितामा आर्थिक विषमता, मानवीय मूल्यहीन, सामाजिक विसङ्गति र राजनैतिक अकर्मण्यताका कारणले आम नेपालीले भोगेका दुःख र पीडा हर्कबहादुर पात्रका माध्यमबाट व्यञ्जनार्थमा अभिव्यञ्जित भएको छ । प्रस्तुत कविता अभिधार्थभन्दा व्यञ्जनार्थमा बढी शक्तिशाली अर्थ प्रकटीकरण भएको छ । त्यही व्यञ्जनार्थ खोजी गरी वर्णन र विश्लेषण गर्नु लेखको मूल प्राप्ति हो ।
अवधी भाषाका लोकगीतको अध्ययन { Study of Awadhi Folk Songs]
Authors: तिवारी Tiwari प्रेमप्रसाद Prem Prasad
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेखमा रूपन्देही र कपिलवस्तु जिल्लामा प्रचलित लोकगीतको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यो लेख क्षेत्रीय अध्ययनसँग सम्बन्धित रहेको छ । यस लेखमा प्राथमिक तथा द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्रीको उपयोग गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा रूपन्देही जिल्लाका मायादेवी गाउँपालिका, कोटहीमाई गाउँपालिका, लुम्बिनी सांस्कृतिक नगरपालिका तथा कपिलवस्तु जिल्लाको तौलिहवा नगरपालिकालाई भौगोलिक स्थानका रूपमा चयन गरी त्यहाँ प्रचलित अवधी लोकगीत सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा अवधी भाषीले विभिन्न अवसरमा गाउने विविध लोकगीत सङ्कलन गरी तिनका मुख्य विशेषता निरूपण गरिएको छ । यिनै लोकगीतलाई यस लेखमा प्राथमिक स्रोतको सामग्रीका रूपमा लिइएको छ । यस लेखमा अवधी भाषिक समुदायमा विभिन्न पर्वसँग सम्बन्धित लोकगीत प्रचलित रहेका छन् भन्ने कुरा लेखमा देखाइएको छ । यस्तै अवधी भाषी समुदायमा पर्व गीत, कर्म गीत, संस्कार गीत, ऋतु गीत, जाति गीत आदि प्रचलित रहेका छन् भन्ने कुरा लेखमा उल्लेख गरिएको छ । अवधी भाषामा प्रचलित रहेका लोकगीतले नारीका पीडा, आर्थिक अभाव, मनोवैज्ञानिक समस्या जस्ता विषय उठान गर्दै समाज सुधारको चाहना व्यक्त गरेका गरेका छन् भन्ने विषय यस लेखमा आएको छ । लोकसमाजमा प्रचलित विभिन्न लोकगीतले अवधी समुदायमा बस्ने विभिन्न जातजातिको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेको छ भन्ने कुरा यस लेखमा देखाइएको छ ।
लमजुङ जिल्लामा प्रचलित बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीतको विधातत्त्व {Genre elements of Barhamase Thado Bhaka folk songs practiced in Lamjung district}
Authors: परियार Pariyar विष्णु Bishnu
Published: February 2025

‘लमजुङ जिल्लामा प्रचलित बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीतको विधातŒव’ शीर्षकको प्रस्तुत लेख बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीतको विधातत्त्वको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ । बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीत लोकमा प्रचलित विभिन्न लोकगीतहरूमध्ये एक भाका हो । लोकगीत लोकको अभिव्यक्ति हो । बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीत लोकगीतभित्र पर्ने बेग्लै खालको गीत हो । बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लमजुङ जिल्लामा प्रचलित ठाडो भाका लोकगीतको एउटा प्रकार हो । यस गीतमा गायनसँगै नृत्य पनि गरिन्छ । लमजुङ जिल्लामा विशेष रूपमा यो भाका प्रचलित रहेको छ । यस गीतलाई गाउन कुनै पनि समय, पर्व र मौका कुर्नु नपर्ने र जुनसुकै स्थानमा, जुनसुकै बेला पनि गाउन सकिने हुनाले यस गीतलाई बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीत भनिएको हो । यस गीतको प्रचलन जातिगत रूपमा दुरा, गुरुङ, क्षेत्री, बाहुन, दमाइ, कामी, सार्की, कुमाललगायतका समुदायमा रहेको देखिन्छ भने क्षेत्रगत रूपमा विशेष गरेर लमजुङ, गोरखा, कास्की, बाग्लुङ, तनहुँ गरी अन्य क्षेत्रमा पनि प्रचलित देखिन्छ । यस लेखमा बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीतमाकेकस्ता विधात प्रयोग भएका छन् भन्ने मूल समस्याका रूपमा लिई विषयको व्याख्या तथा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा यस गीतको प्रचलनका बारेमा चर्चा गरी बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीतको तत्त्वहरूका पहिचान गर्नु यस लेखको मुख्य उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यसका लागि प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक स्रोतबाट बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीतको सङ्कलन गरी तिनको अध्ययन र विश्लेषण गरएको छ । बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीतका तत्त्वहरूमा कथ्यविषय वा मूलभाव, शैली, भाषा, स्थायी अन्तरा, थेगो, लय वा सङ्गीत, रङ्गमञ्च, वेषभूषा र उद्देश्य जस्ता तत्त्वहरू पर्दछन् । तसर्थ, बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लाकगीतका यिनै तत्त्व सम्बन्धी मूल समस्यामा केन्द्रित रही बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीतमा विधातत्त्वको खोजी गरिएको यस लेखमा बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीतलाई साक्षी मानी यसैका आधारमा विषयको अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरी तिनको सामान्यीकरण गरिएको छ । बाह्रमासे ठाडो भाका लोकगीतको तत्त्वहरूको पहिचान गरी यसको प्रस्तुतिगत शैली, संस्कार, संस्कृति, सामाजिक तथा सांस्कृतिक पक्षसँग यसको सम्बन्ध जस्ता पक्षहरूसमेतको यस गीतमा व्यक्त भएका छन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
हाम्रा आवाजहरू गीतिसङ्ग्रहमा वर्गीय चेतना {Class Consciousness in the Song Collection Hamra Aawajharu}
Authors: पौड्याल Paudyal शालिकराम Shalikram
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेखमा लेखनाथ ज्ञवालीको हाम्रा आवाजहरू गीतिसङ्ग्रहमा वर्गीय चेतनाको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । वर्गीय चेतनाले वर्गबोध, वर्गशोषण तथा वर्गसङ्घर्ष, श्रमप्रतिको सम्मान, श्रमजीवी वर्गको हित आदिलाई बुझाउँछ । वर्गीय चिन्तन माक्र्सवादी साहित्य चिन्तनको स्थापित मान्यता हो । प्रस्तुत लेखमा सामग्रीको सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट गरिएको छ र सामग्री विश्लेषणमा वर्गीय चेतनाका अभिलक्षणहरूमध्ये वर्गीय विभेद, शोषण र अत्याचार विरुद्धको आवाज, क्रान्तिकारी जनचेतना, निम्न वर्गप्रतिको सम्मान, समतामूलक समाज निर्माणको चाहनालाई आधार मानिएको छ । लेखनाथ ज्ञवालीको हाम्रा आवाजहरू गीतिसङ्ग्रहमा नेपाली समाजको वर्गीय अवस्था, शोषण र अत्याचार, श्रमजीवी वर्गको जीवन, अत्याचारी शासन व्यवस्थाका व्रिmयाकलाप, जनमुखी शासन व्यवस्थाको चाहना जस्ता विषयलाई उद्घाटन गरिएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । यसमा समाजमा भएका असमानताले नै वर्गद्वन्द्व तथा वर्गीय चेतना जन्मने र वर्गीय चेतनाको सही विश्लेषणले मात्र निम्नवर्गको मुक्ति हुन सक्ने विचार पाइन्छ । यस लेखमा नेपालको सामन्ती राज्यसत्तामा देखापर्ने वर्गीय विभेद र त्यसबाट उत्पन्न समस्याको चित्रण गरिएको प्रस्तुत गीतिसङ्ग्रहमा वर्गीय चेतना सशक्त रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
Enhancing Rural Women's Technical and Vocational Capability through Homestay Initiatives in Nepal
Authors: Kanel Chet Nath , Bhattarai Prakash Chandra , Gnawali Laxman
Published: February 2025

'Homestay tourism' occupies significant space in Nepal's tourism sector, and these homestays are mostly operated by women, who are often informally educated and have less access to modern skills and knowledge-gaining opportunities. However, limited information is available on rural women's experiences in such endeavors. This paper elaborates the experiences of rural women who received various types of technical and vocational training in the process of developing and managing community homestays in rural areas of Nepal. The study was carried out using qualitative approach (ethnography) in the Mahabharat Hills of Bagmati Province administering various qualitative tools, such as participant observations, 'bhalakusari' (intimate informal talks/'kurakani'), focus group discussions (FGDs), and study of local artifacts. A total of seven homestay operators (women) were engaged in the close observations and 'bhalakusari'. Additional reflections were also gathered from other stakeholders: the family members, tourists, local leaders, as well as the community facilitators. The findings suggest that homestay tourism in the area has been playing significant role in the process of transferring technical knowledge and vocational skills to these rural women, so that they are inspired and motivated to engage in the homestay enterprising with better confidence. The study also concludes that homestay operators' limited educational and literacy skills, and less exposures have put difficulties in the learning and capacity development processes. Suitable training courses with local and/or simple Nepali language, along with adequate reading/ supporting materials and continued facilitation and backstopping are some of the practical implications suggested by the study.
‘Yes, Your Honor’ / ‘Sì, Vostro Onore’: Legal dramas, the popularisation of legal discourse and dubbing
Authors: Sandrelli Annalisa , Bonsignori Veronica
Published: February 2025

Despite the popularity of legal dramas, there is little research on the popularisation strategies used in them to convey complex legal concepts to viewers. Moreover, the translation of such audiovisual material is also relatively under-researched. This paper presents a qualitative study investigating the popularisation strategies employed in the US legal drama The Good Wife and the translation strategies used in the Italian dubbed version. The English dialogues of 12 episodes were transcribed along with their matching Italian dubbed dialogue, and the relevant legal references were extracted. When lay people interact with legal professionals on screen the dialogue is aimed at both the lay characters and the audience, and it was found that several types of popularisation strategies are used. By contrast, in scenes involving just legal professionals in conversation it would not be realistic to include too much legal exposition. As regards translation, the key principle driving the Italian dubbed version is the need to create plausible-sounding dialogue rather than a legally accurate translation. The findings of this study contribute to research on the characteristics of popularisation discourse in legal dramas and have the potential to inform the training of audiovisual translators.
The ethics of engagement
Authors: Atkins Sarah
Published: February 2025

This paper considers the ethical dimensions of interprofessional research relationships in applied linguistics, an area that has perhaps received less attention than other types of engaged research in the field. As a discipline, applied linguistics has considered how research can be conducted ethically with participants, mindful of benefiting those who are the subjects of research. However, research in professional and institutional contexts involves complex relationships with multiple parties, where research ‘with’ different participants and professional groups raises ethical considerations about who benefits and who does not. A case study provided from a project in medical education, looking at differential attainment in an examination for UK general practitioners (GP), demonstrates these difficulties in a particularly politicised setting. Various relationships are examined in turn, from the early stages of becoming involved in local activity and establishing data collection, through to the involvement of ‘key informants’, analytic sessions with the practitioners and incorporating the perspectives of the GP trainees in developing educational interventions. Such relationships require negotiation between all parties, making it difficult for the researcher always to claim ‘independence’ and requiring ongoing ethical decisions about roles and obligations. Nevertheless, engaging in these relational activities is itself argued to be part of the ethical conduct for interprofessional research.
Small talk as relational practice during assessment: Virtual performance appraisal interviews at a globalized company
Authors: Malsche Fien De , Tobback Els , Vandenbroucke Mieke
Published: February 2025

This paper explores small talk as relational practice in performance appraisal interviews between managers at the Belgian headquarters of a small-sized service-oriented company and their sales agents who work remotely around the world. On the basis of a dataset of 14 online video-recorded appraisal interviews and two follow-up interviews with the managers, we examine by using a turn-by-turn content analysis the occurrence and function of small talk as relational practice within the specific interactional context of performance appraisal interviews. The findings show that within this specific virtual workspace context, the communicative purpose of performance appraisal interviews transcends assessment, as the managers make use of small talk to fulfill the additional aim of instilling the company's corporate culture and personal approach in its employees. We reflect on the meaning of relational practice in the workplace and argue that the communicative purpose of such interactions is broadened so as to adapt to the globalized needs of modern companies.
Halal Financing in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Rukhṣoh on Halal Transactions
Authors: Saheed Abdullahi Busari  , Habeebullah Zakariyah
Published: February 2025

Halal (permissible) covers wājib, mandūb, mubah, and makrūh categories in the rulings of Islamic jurisprudence based on the personal situation of the subject matter. The outbreak of COVID-19 across the globe has triggered the quest for the scope of halal financing and management. Does the pandemic situation is enough justification for allowing financing of some non-permissible activities? This study aims to explore the principles of Rukhṣoh in Islamic jurisprudence and its implication on the scope of funding halal transactions amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is mainly qualitative-based research. The study employs a doctrinal approach in exploring the principles of Rukhṣoh and Azīmah and their contemporary application to the scope of halal financing in the context of COVID-19. The study identifies the general scope of halal (permissible) within the contexts of wājib, mandūb, mubah, and makrūh. The result further suggests that even though Haram (forbidden) might be granted the Rukhṣoh based on specific circumstances, the Islamic jurists differ in giving it the equal status within the halal scope except that there is a waiver of punishment on the Mukhalaf (accountable person). The study out that many people might have violated contractual obligations because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, Islamic financial institutions should apply the Quranic inunction of "If the debtor is in difficulty, grant him time till it is easy for him to repay. But suppose ye remit it by way of charity. In that case, that is best for you if ye only knew" [Al-baqarah: 280] as respite and benevolence on loans to promote financial recovery of Muslim economy in the pandemic. Although there are studies on halal financing, this study is a novel contribution to the contemporary application of the concept of Rukhṣoh and Azīmah to halal financing amidst the COVID-19 challenges.
Customers’ Perception on Islamic Crowdfunding as A Possible Financial Solution For The Pandemic Covid 19 Crisis in Malaysia
Authors: Dzuljastri Abdul Razak  , Syamsu Rizal Zulmi  , Qosdan Dawami
Published: February 2025

The COVID 19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented crisis globally and people are still struggling for solutions to deal with the crisis. The effect is very broad-based be it on a social, economic, and healthy way of living. The purpose of this study is to investigate customers’ perception of Islamic Crowd Funding (ICF) as a possible financial solution for the pandemic crisis. Several factors such as the concept of ICF, justice and fairness and acceptance of ICF were used. A total of 322 responses were collected through questionnaires to investigate the validity of the proposed model. SPSS was used to analyse the data collected using reliability, correlation and multiple regression. The result indicated that the concept of ICF, justice and fairness significantly influenced the acceptance of Islamic crowdfunding. Hence, practitioners should emphasize these values to attract customers during this COVID 19 crisis. The result of this study further contributed to the new body of knowledge on ICF as a solution to the pandemic COVID 19 crisis.
Exploring the Reasons for the Low Level of Awareness and Knowledge of AAOIFI Accounting Standards in Nigeria
Authors: Umar Habibu Umar  , Junaidu Muhammad Kurawa
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the reasons for the low level of awareness and knowledge of AAOIFI accounting standards in Nigeria. The data were generated through documentary evidence and semi-structured interviews. The study established the non-integration of AAOIFI accounting standards into the Benchmark Minimum Academic Standards (BMAS) for Nigerian universities and almost all the accounting curricula of Nigerian universities and professional accounting examination syllabus. Besides, the standards were given little or no attention by the professional institutions in their Mandatory Continuing Professional Development (MCPD) programs. Lack of examination centers and an inadequate number of qualified members of AAOIFI in the country were also key reasons that contributed significantly to the low level of awareness and knowledge of these standards. Hence, the study recommended that AAOIFI should collaborate with the relevant Nigerian regulatory authorities, Nigerian professional accounting bodies, IFIs and Nigerian universities in order to enhance the awareness and knowledge of the standards as well as their level of adoption. This is because the adoption of the standards by IFIs would improve their accountability and transparency, which would attract more investors and customers into the industry, more especially in this COVID-19 pandemic when Islamic banking and finance are considered as the best alternative for the revival of the global economy.
Mobile Money as an Effective Financial Tool in Underdeveloped Countries
Authors: Mohamed Al Amine Sano
Published: February 2025

The available literature has shown that a lot of people in underdeveloped countries do not fulfill the criteria needed to benefit from banking facilities. As a result, the lower segment of these societies has been deprived of basic financial services and left with vulnerable traditional methods of saving and transacting using funds. Fortunately, innovative ideas like mobile money were introduced in the first decade of the 21st century, allowing people in poor countries to access essential financial services and conduct basic transactions in a more advanced and secure manner. This study thus aims to establish mobile money as an effective and Shariah-complaint substitute for banking services particularly in underdeveloped countries. It would do so through the qualitative research method of analysing the relevant materials on the subject matter i.e. books, journal articles, research papers, websites, etc. The study has found that although the presence of mobile money has brought about various benefits to underdeveloped communities, issues that are regulatory, service, or security-related have impeded the service from realizing its true potential. Nonetheless, the study has shown that these issues may be countered by introducing the right measures, which include regulatory reformations, service enhancements, and awareness-building. Such measures would empower members of underprivileged communities and integrate them into the financial industry, which in turn would greatly contribute to their countries’ socio-economic welfare.
The Level of Acceptance and Awareness of Takaful in Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Hussein Kehinde  , Ashurov Sharofiddin
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the factors determining consumers’ acceptance of takaful (Islamic insurance) in Nigeria. The main objective is to explore the Shariah view, price, service quality, attitude, awareness, subjective norm and perceived behavior control of Nigerian citizens towards the acceptance of takaful services in the country. One of the obstacles currently facing the takaful industry in Nigeria is the lack of awareness about takaful products. To examine the acceptance and awareness of takaful in Nigeria, 209 questionnaires were distributed to respondents in five states, including Lagos, Abuja, Kano, Kaduna, and Enugu; and the data collected were analyzed using SPSS, version 25. The results show that Shariah view, locality, consumer acceptance, service quality, attitude, awareness, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control are the factors influencing the awareness and acceptance level of takaful in Nigeria. The implication of this study is that the majority of respondents do not possess sufficient information to differentiate between conventional and Islamic insurance. As such, for proper implementation and development of takaful in Nigeria, it is important for the policymakers and other stakeholders to provide enough information about the takaful services, products, and operating system to the general public. The future of takaful industry in the country will be determined by a proper understanding of the operating system and the rights of participants as well as other stakeholders, including customers and insurance regulatory bodies.
The Relevance of Conventional and Islamic Crowdfunding as Financing Instruments for SMEs
Authors: Maryam Sakinah Md Faudzi  , Julienty Abu Bakar  , Shuhymee Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of economy in most of the countries across the globe. SMEs support towards the economic growth and development has influenced country’s GDP. Despite that, the sector still faces numbers of main constraints including lack of access to credit from formal financial institution. Nevertheless, with the advancement of financial technology, crowdfunding has emerged as an alternative platform that enables SMEs to seek fund for their business. This paper provides an overview to examine the relevance of conventional crowdfunding and Islamic crowdfunding as a financing instrument for SMEs and determine the appropriate model in crowdfunding that best suits to finance SMEs. This research applied the qualitative approach by reviewing the latest key literature in crowdfunding. Hence, the results show that the best model to be adopt as a financing tools among SMEs is equity-based crowdfunding either for conventional or Islamic crowdfunding platform.
Assessment of 5Cs Relationship towards Credit Risk Management: Evidence from Islamic Banks
Authors: Tijjani Muhammad  , Abatcha Melemi
Published: February 2025

This study aims to provide a new approach to assess the Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition, and Collateral (5Cs) variables towards the Islamic Bank Credit Risk Management from the Islamic Banks in Nigeria. The study used a quantitative approach using a structured questionnaire; 310 individuals participated. Data are sourced from Islamic Bank staff, customers of Islamic Bank, experts from financial institutions and some Shariah scholars of the advisory board of Islamic banks. The study employed structural Equation Modeling (SEM), using AMOS and SSPS, are used for analysis. The results indicate a positive relationship between Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition, and Collateral (5Cs) and Islamic Bank Credit Risk Management; such can also control and mitigate Credit Risk in an Islamic Bank in Nigeria. In the managerial part, such credit risk should be considered vital in examining and controlling credit risk-mitigation. The paper indicates a positive and significant relationship between the Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition, and Collateral (5Cs) and Islamic Bank’s Credit Risk Management. The authors innovatively use a unique sample to assess the relationship between 5Cs and Islamic Bank’s Credit Risk Management. Even though 5Cs and Credit Risk Management are well-known in the conventional financial concept system, while have not been elaborate on Islamic Banks as the paper attempts to fill the gap. The study is limited to Northern Nigeria and did not cover the entire regions of the country due to the resource constraints and short study period.
Determinants of Islamic Financial Inclusion in Indonesia: A Demand-Side Analysis
Authors: Erika Takidah  , Salina Kassim
Published: February 2025

The low number of Islamic financial inclusion has been a major problem to the Indonesian government because of the country has the largest Muslim population globally. This study aims to examine the Islamic financial inclusion determinants by collecting information from Muslim respondents. The determinants used include Islamic financial literacy, trust, financial self-efficacy, and social influence. The survey involved 215 respondents from West Java, Lampung, South Kalimantan, Gorontalo, and West Nusa Tenggara. All the participants involved in the study were included in Islamic financial institutions. Furthermore, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) methods were applied to classify Islamic financial inclusion determinants, while the Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the hypothetical relationships. The results showed that social influence is a significant determinant of Islamic financial inclusion in Indonesia. Therefore, policymakers and the Islamic financial industry need to improve social influence through campaigns that involve local culture and public or religious figures to enhance inclusion. Future studies need to provide other validated constructs to assess Islamic financial inclusion from the demand and supply aspects.
Waqf Effectiveness in Nigeria: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Habeebah Simisola Fa-Yusuf  , Saheed Abdullahi Busari  , Bilkis Lawal Shuaibu
Published: February 2025

The efficiency of the institution of Waqf in alleviating poverty is undisputable and Nigeria as a country with a significant Muslim population stands to benefit immensely from well-functioning Waqf institutions. Despite the presence of Waqf in Nigeria, the country still experiences increasing levels of poverty. This study aims to find the problems hindering the effectiveness of the Waqf operation in alleviating poverty in Nigeria. It uses the thematic framework medium of interviewing as a methodology of retrieving the necessary data. From the analysis, it was evident that a combination of a lack of awareness, lack of transparency as well as corrupt practices is what has led to the inefficiency of Waqf operations in Nigeria. The study concludes by discussing solutions that can be employed to remedy the challenges, including producing experts in Waqf management, providing tax exemptions for Waqf donors, enacting Federal laws relating to Awqaf and awareness creation.
A Systematic Literature Review on Zakat
Authors: Nurul ‘Iffah M A Zaaba  , Rusni Hassan
Published: February 2025

Although zakat is an extremely studied topic in Islamic Social Finance, a systematic, comprehensive, and diverse review in the domain of zakat is lacking. This paper attempts to conduct a systematic review on the status of zakat literature, taking Malaysia as a case study. The article searched on the Scopus database and identified sixty-three (63) related studies. However, only thirty-one (31) studies throughout 2009-2020 met the criteria set for the study. This study examined several aspects of literature review which include research type, research approach and subject area. The outcome of this article is to provide direction for future studies.
The Theory of Product Innovation and Its Application in Islamic Banking
Authors: Mohamad Syafiqe Abdul Rahim  , Ahmad Hidayat Buang
Published: February 2025

The success of banking institution depends on continuous innovation and improvement of the product offering to increase profitability and marketability. Product innovation is also one of the important aspects for Islamic banking institution, but it requires attention in observing Shariah requirements. This article will analyze the principles of innovation and development and its application in Islamic banking product. The analysis is based on qualitative research approach where reference will be made to primary and secondary sources gathered through library research. The discussion will study several literature on the concept of product innovation and analyze the applicable Shariah principles in the aspect of innovation of Islamic banking product. From the study, it is concluded that the general concept of product innovation in conventional banking can be applied in the context of Islamic banking. This is because Islamic banking is still within the framework of banking which is also subject to similar commercial aspects but with the requirement to uphold Shariah principles. Product innovation in Islamic banking involves the role of creativity and the concept of reform in Shariah as well as the approach in the construction of Shariah ruling. Therefore, continuous product innovation is significant for Islamic banking institution to remain competitive with other financial institutions in the industry.
How Middle-Low Income Muslim Group Financially Reacts in Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Nurlaili  , Putri Swastika
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to determine factors constituting financial behavior of middle - low income group living in the sub-urbs area in Indonesia during a pandemic. This paper employs Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS), with a selection of 150 respondents that meet the criteria, based on: jobs, income, and house location (purposive sampling). The findings indicate that Islamic financial literacy, locus of control, and attitudes affect positively and significantly the financial behavior of this segment. While locus of control serves the highest factor, it is pertinent to emphasize the findings that Islamic financial literacy shows the lowest value than other variables. This situation has a real implication, essentially for policymakers and religious scholars, to create a continuous program targeting on improvements of Islamic financial literacy in general aiming on building a responsible financial behavior for middle-low income Muslim groups particularly during the pandemic crisis.
Conceptual Framework for the Adoption of General Takaful Among MSME Owner-Managers in North-West Nigeria: The Role of MSME Owner-Manager Characteristics
Authors: Nurudeen Abdulkadir  , Safeza Mohd Sapian  , Norhazlina Ibrahim  , Syadiyah Abdul Shukor
Published: February 2025

The ability to manage risk is especially important to Micro, Small and Medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) which constitute more than 90% of all businesses in Nigeria. One of the mitigating techniques in minimizing risk is through insurance and Nigeria being a Muslim-majority country, takaful is the alternative to conventional insurance. Despite their fragile nature and their exposure to various threats, MSMEs are the least segment utilizing insurance cover. Based on the reports from the country’s financial regulators it shows that majority of these businesses do not participate in any insurance scheme. Furthermore, there are less studies that examined takaful adoption by MSMEs, especially in Nigeria. These past studies are also inconclusive on the significant factors influencing adoption especially from the behavioral perspective. This paper aims to propose a conceptual framework to study the factors that influence general takaful adoption among MSMEs owner-managers’ in North-West Nigeria. An integrated framework based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and the Use of Technology (UTAUT) was developed to examine what motivates MSMEs owner-managers to adopt general takaful. Furthermore, the proposed model incorporates MSME owner-manager’s personal and demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, prior loss experience and religiosity) as potential moderators in the study to enhance the predictive power of the model. Validating the conceptual framework of this research will be useful to takaful operators, financial regulators and policy makers in Nigeria to devise appropriate strategies that will increase the adoption rate of general takaful scheme among MSMEs.
The External Environment Driving Internal Organizational Change: Empirical Evidence from Commercial Banks’ Adoption of Islamic Financial Transactions in Libya
Authors: Salwa Abdel Gader Khalleefah Bin Idrees  , Syed Musa Alhabshi  , Ashurov Sharofiddin  , Anwar Hasan Abdullah Othman
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the Libyan commercial banks’ adoption of Islamic financial transactions to achieve a real value for stakeholders related to internal environmental adaptation. Accordingly, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to 14 commercial banks in Libya. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) has been employed for testing the hypotheses. In the context of hypothesized modelling, the conceptual framework portrayed the constructs of the variables employed in the study to be Libyan commercial banks’ adoption of financial transactions as the dependent variable and the external environment as factors driving organizational change as the independent variable. The adaptation of the commercial banks’ internal environment acts as a mediating variable. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is applied to the relationship between measures of constructs and indicators. The results showed that the estimations of maximum likelihood (ML) were satisfactory. The results of SEM showed that commercial banks’ adoption of Islamic financial transactions is more related to their capability of adapting their internal environment than achieving an economic and social value of stakeholders. Finally, the article provides future research directions on commercial banks’ ability to adapt to their internal environment to drive change and commercial banks’ adoption of Islamic financial transactions.
The Role of Islamic Fintech P2PL in Increasing Inclusion and Financial Literacy of MSMEs
Authors: Neni Dwijayanti  , Muhammad Iqbal  , Muhammad Zulfikar
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic financial technology (fintech) peer-to-peer lending (P2PL) in increasing the inclusion and financial literacy of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The presence of fintech in Indonesia provides various benefits, especially when the unbankable is still widely spread in various regions. No exception for MSME players, P2PL fintech services provides an easier option for them to get access to funding. The research sample is on three P2PL-based fintech that uses Shariah principles in Indonesia. Data were obtained through interviews and relevant literature sources. The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study show that there are at least four roles that Shariah P2PL fintech can do to increase MSMEs financial inclusion, such as: providing digital-based financial services, facilitating financing application requirements, collaborating with various businesses groups, and collaborating with digital ecosystems. Meanwhile, to improve literacy, P2PL fintech socializes to regions, holds seminars and webinars, uses digital media to optimize fintech, and plays an active role in financial inclusion activities organized by various parties.