bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemeriksaan Fungsi Hati Terhadap Karyawan Universitas YARSI Menurut Analisa Quantum Magnetik Resonansi
Authors: Harliansyah Harliansyah , Luthfiana Anna
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa fungsi hati terhadap karyawan Universitas YARSI yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan menggunakan instrumentasi Analisis Quantum Magnetik Resonansi. Pemeriksaan fungsi hati dapat digunakan untuk skrening efektifitas atau gangguan hati, membantu atas prediksi perkembangan penyakit serta tindak lanjut atas responsi dan evaluasi seperti autoimun. Sinyal-sinyal gelombang elektromagnetik yang dipancarkan oleh tubuh manusia dapat menentukan status kesehatan tubuh. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: Indeks massa tubuh (Kg/m2) pada lelaki (N=13) 23,39 ± 3,29 dan pada perempuan (N=12) 25,77 ± 3,75; metabolisme protein (lelaki) 145,65 ± 28,15 dan 157,28 ± 40,51 (perempuan); fungsi produksi energi (lelaki) 0,84 ± 0,10 dan 0,84 ± 0,08 (perempuan); fungsi detoksifikasi (lelaki) 0,47 ± 0,24 dan 0,65 ± 0,22 (perempuan); fungsi sekresi empedu (lelaki) 0,57 ± 0,13 dan 0,59 ± 0,15 (perempuan); level lemak hati (lelaki) 0,46 ± 0,16 dan 0,56 ± 0,14 (perempuan).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks massa tubuh, metabolisme protein dan Level lemak hati berbeda nyata antara subjek lelaki dan perempuan. Metabolisme protein dapat berbanding langsung terhadap level lemak hati. Ini menunjukkan bahwa degradasi protein yang menghasilkan asam amino bebas dapat digunakan sebagai prekursor pada biosintesa lemak melalui reaksi deaminasi oksidatif. Disini kita membahas bagaimana penggunaan alat Analisis Quantum Magnetik Resonansi.dapat digunakan sebagai metode terbaru dalam prediksi kesehatan manusia.
Angka Kejadian Depresi Pada Pasien Hemodialisis Menggunakan Metode Pengukuran Back Depression Inventory
Authors: Musthafa Sarah , Armelia Linda
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Depresi adalah masalah kejiwaan yang umum terjadi pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis terutama yang sudah menjalani hemodialysis maupun belum. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian depresi pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisis mengunakan metode pengukuran Beck Depression Inventory di RS Anna Medika, Bekasi. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskripsi cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang sedang menjalani hemodialisis di RS Anna Medika Bekasi. Hasil: Dari 156 pasien yang ikut penelitian didapatkan 82 (52,6%) depresi minimal, 37 (23,7%) depresi sedang, 24 (15,4%) depresi berat dan 13 (8,3%) depresi sangat berat. Simpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa depresi yang paling banyak dialami adalah tipe depresi minimal, walaupun tidak mengabaikan depresi sangat berat yang juga dialami. Saran: Bagi para tenaga kesehatan diharapkan dapat membantu pasien terutama dalam menangani masalah psikologis khususnya depresi. Selain itu, keluarga pasien dianjurkan agar dapat memberikan perhatian lebih dan menjadi life support system untuk kemajuan dan kelangsungan hidup pasien.
ANALISIS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PONDOK PESANTREN HAMZANWADI NAHDATUL WATHAN (NW) PANCOR
Authors: Badrun Badrun
Published: July 2020

Indonesia masih mengalami krisis moralitas yang ditandai dengan maraknya pembunuhan, perampokan, korupsi, kolusi, nepotisme. Begitupula masalah di dunia pendidikan masih banyak terjadi tawuran anak sekolah, pergaulan bebas, penyalahgunaan narkoba dll. Kerusakan sosial atau moral yang terjadi menunjukan perlunya pembenahan dari sisi pendidikan karakter sejak dini melalui pendidikan. Peran Pondok Pesantren khususnya Pondok Pesantren Hamzanwadi NW Pancor sangat diperlukan dalam pembenahan moralitas Bangsa melalui Pendidikan Karakter dengan kekuatan religiusitas yang tinggi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan studi kasus di Pondok Pesantren Hamzanwadi NW Pancor melalui wawancara, diskusi mendalam, dan observasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sumber nilai, jenis-jenis nilai dan indikator pendidikan karakter di Pondok Pesantren akan terwujud dengan adanya sinergisitas. Sinergisitas yang harus dilakuakn adalah adanya peran Tuan Guru, ustad, orang tua dan masyarakat dalam membangun dan mengembangkan pendidikan karakter di Pondok Pesantren Hamzanwadi NW Pancor. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan, acuan, atau perbandingan dalam Pendidikan karakater dan bisa berkontribusi dalam pengembangan literasi Pendidikan karakter di Indonesia.
PROBLEMATIKA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA MORELLA KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Manilet Saida
Published: July 2020

This study aims to reveal: 1) The form of Islamic education for children in households in Morella village, Central Maluku district, 2) Constraints and solutions adopted in the implementation of Islamic education in households in Morella village, Central Maluku Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method with a phenomenolological approach with data collection procedures, namely observations related to forms of Islamic education for children in the household, and interviews related to the obstacles found by parents in educating children with Islamic education and the solutions made. Data collection procedures are carried out by collecting data related to forms of Islamic education in the household, presenting data that is included in the focus of the study and making conclusions. The results found: 1) the form of Islamic education in the household includes faith education, including: a) Opening the life of a child with the sentence Laa Ilaaha Illallaah, by various ways of tending the child at birth, child technique, breastfeeding a child, cutting / shaving hair or aqiqah, circumcision, b) introduce halal and haram, and c) reading the Qur'an. Education in aspects of worship include: a) Teaching Salat, b) fast and c) give alms. Education in moral aspects includes: a) Prohibition of traveling and b) Behaving honestly. Education in social aspects: a) Do good to parents, b) Maintain friendship with relatives, c) Do good to neighbors, d) Respect for older people, e) Ethics of greeting, f) Ethics of eating and drinking, and g) Meet friend's invitation.
EVALUASI PROGRAM KELOMPOK KERJA GURU (MGMP) PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM TINGKAT SMP DI KOTA MASOHI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Jumaeda St
Published: July 2020

This research aims to determine the level of achievement of the activities of the MGMP subjects of Islamic religious education at junior high school level (SMP) in Masohi regency of Maluku Tengah. The study uses evaluative research methods on the MGMP activities of these PAI subjects using goal-oriented evaluation models developed by Ralph Winfred Tyler. Where the focus is on research into the level of goal achievement. Data collection In this study, conducted using observation techniques, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Subjects in the study were principals, PAI teachers, and MGMP-PAI administrators of Masohi. Results showed that the result of input evaluation related to MGMP-level capacity of Junior High School includes activity activities MGMP PAI has an average score, 85.78%, performance management MGMP PAI has an average score of 90.04%, facilities and infrastructure MGMP has an average score of 75.25%, KTSP availability in school member MGMP has a score of 92.75%. The implementation of learning has an average score of 88.02%, and the learning results assessment has an average score of 84.17%. Overall evaluation of inputs related to MGMP capacity of PAI at SMP level in Masohi is in good category. While for the output aspect related to the competency of teachers in school member MGMP, has an average value of 90.47% or the competency of the teacher is in good category.
KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU PAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI MA NURUL IKHLAS AMBON
Authors: Muslim Muslim
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAK: Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kompetensi pedagogik guru PAI dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas XI MA Nurul Ikhlas Ambon dan bagaimana motivasi belajar peserta didik di MA Nurul Ikhlas Ambon. Tipe penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari tanggal 18 Februari sampai tanggal 18 Maret 2019 di MA Nurul Ikhlas Ambon. Subjek penelitian adalah guru PAI kelas XI, kepala sekolah dan tiga orang peserta didik kelas XI. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kompetensi pedagogik guru PAI dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas XI MA Nurul Ikhlas Ambon yaitu: (a) memberikan pemahaman dalam pembelajaran, (b) membuat silabus dirinci dalam rancangan pembelajaran, (c) membuat RPP agar materi yang disampaikan terarah, (d) melaksanakan pembelajaran berpusat pada tiga arah, (e) menggunakan teknologi agar peserta didik lebih mudah memahami materi, (f) melakukan evaluasi untuk mengetahui kemampuan peserta didik, (g) mengembangkan potensi peserta didik dengan latihan berceramah, (h) memberikan bimbingan mengingatkan peserta didik agar lebih disiplin dan bertanggung jawab. 2) Motivasi belajar peserta didik di kelas MA Nurul Ikhlas Ambon yaitu guru PAI komunikasi, interaksi dan menyampaikan materi dengan sangat baik sehingga peserta didik termotivasi dalam belajar.
Intraspecific competition in size-structured populations: ontogenetic shift in the importance of interference competition in a key marine herbivore
Authors: Narvaez CA , Sainte-Marie B , Johnson LE
Published: July 2020

Individuals rarely have equal competitive abilities, with body size being one of the most important attributes affecting the mechanism (i.e. exploitative and interference) and consequences of competition. Competitive interactions within size-structured populations are complex and can have major implications for population dynamics, community structure and evolutionary processes. Destructive grazing of kelp beds by the green urchinStrongylocentrotus droebachiensiscreates barrens where high-quality food is scarce and intraspecific competition may have an important role in structuring populations. In this study, we experimentally identified the mechanisms underlying size-asymmetric competition between small, medium, and large size classes of the green urchin. A field-based mesocosm experiment showed that small and medium sea urchins grew less and produced smaller gonads when competing for food with large conspecifics. Surprisingly, when food was provided ad libitum but large urchins were present, small individuals’ growth and foraging behavior were reduced, providing strong evidence for interference competition between small and large sea urchins. Interactions between medium and large sea urchins were, however, more influenced by exploitative competition, suggesting that sea urchins shift ontogenetically from a situation of intense interference competition to one dominated by exploitative competition. The size structure of the population can thus determine the relative importance of interference and exploitative competition. In turn, the importance of interference competition may influence size structure by inhibiting the growth of smaller urchins, a pattern consistent with the prediction of theoretical models. The consideration of size-asymmetric competitive interactions can lead to a better understanding of population size structure and dynamics.
The inaugural University Press Redux Sustainability Award
Authors: Hill Mandy
Published: July 2020

With the Redux Sustainability Award, ALPSP, in partnership with Cambridge University Press, seeks to recognise some of the innovative enterprises developed by publishers to support and drive the pace of change and journey towards achieving sustainable development globally. Applications were invited for any new initiative, publication, product or project which is aimed at addressing one or more of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals or the broader concept of Sustainable Development Goals. The judging panel shortlisted the following applications: The SDG Pathfinder, The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Bristol University Press and its imprint, Policy Press; and Sustainable Development Goals Online, Taylor & Francis. In this video, Mandy Hill (Managing Director of Academic Publishing, Cambridge University Press and award judge) discusses the three finalist’s submissions and announces the ultimate winner of the award for 2020.
State-of-the-Art and Advancement Paths for Inductive Pulsed Plasma Thrusters
Authors: Polzin Kurt , Martin Adam , Little Justin , Promislow Curtis , Jorns Benjamin , Woods Joshua
Published: July 2020

An inductive pulsed plasma thruster (IPPT) operates by pulsing high current through an inductor, typically a coil of some type, producing an electromagnetic field that drives current in a plasma, accelerating it to high speed. The IPPT is electrodeless, with no direct electrical connection between the externally applied pulsed high-current circuit and the current conducted in the plasma. Several different configurations were proposed and tested, including those that produce a plasma consisting of an accelerating current sheet and those that use closed magnetic flux lines to help confine the plasma during acceleration. Specific impulses up to 7000 s and thrust efficiencies over 50% have been measured. The present state-of-the-art for IPPTs is reviewed, focusing on the operation, modeling techniques, and major subsystems found in various configurations. Following that review is documentation of IPPT technology advancement paths that were proposed or considered.
Effect of Leptosphaeria maculans Infection on Promoter DNA Methylation of Defence Genes in Brassica napus
Authors: Tirnaz Soodeh , Merce Clementine , Bayer Philipp E. , Severn-Ellis Anita A. , Edwards David , Batley Jacqueline
Published: July 2020

Canola (Brassica napus) is an important crop species grown worldwide for its seeds, which are crushed for edible oil. Canola production is threatened by blackleg disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, which can lead up to 100% yield loss. A plant’s disease resistance response depends highly on the regulation of the expression of defence genes. DNA methylation, an epigenetic mark, is one of the most important regulatory mechanisms in a plant’s defence system. Here, the DNA methylation pattern of promoters of defence genes has been investigated between leaves from control and infected plants with L. maculans of resistant and susceptible cultivars of B. napus. In total, over 12,000 promoters were found to be differentially methylated between leaves from control and infected plants in the two cultivars, of which 225 promoters were related to defence genes and differentially methylated between the resistant and susceptible cultivars. The majority of defence gene promoters were hypo- or hyper-methylated in the first and second true leaves, but not in the third and fourth leaves. The outcomes will assist in developing an insight into genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in canola cultivars, and ultimately help breeders to optimise the breeding programmes for enhancing resistance against blackleg disease.
Preclinical Development of Orally Inhaled Drugs (OIDs)—Are Animal Models Predictive or Shall We Move Towards In Vitro Non-Animal Models?
Authors: Movia Dania , Prina-Mello Adriele
Published: July 2020

Respiratory diseases constitute a huge burden in our society, and the global respiratory drug market currently grows at an annual rate between 4% and 6%. Inhalation is the preferred administration method for treating respiratory diseases, as it: (i) delivers the drug directly at the site of action, resulting in a rapid onset; (ii) is painless, thus improving patients’ compliance; and (iii) avoids first-pass metabolism reducing systemic side effects. Inhalation occurs through the mouth, with the drug generally exerting its therapeutic action in the lungs. In the most recent years, orally inhaled drugs (OIDs) have found application also in the treatment of systemic diseases. OIDs development, however, currently suffers of an overall attrition rate of around 70%, meaning that seven out of 10 new drug candidates fail to reach the clinic. Our commentary focuses on the reasons behind the poor OIDs translation into clinical products for the treatment of respiratory and systemic diseases, with particular emphasis on the parameters affecting the predictive value of animal preclinical tests. We then review the current advances in overcoming the limitation of animal animal-based studies through the development and adoption of in vitro, cell-based new approach methodologies (NAMs).
Milk Products from Minor Dairy Species: A Review
Authors: Faccia Michele , D’Alessandro Angela Gabriella , Summer Andrea , Hailu Yonas
Published: July 2020

Milk processing is one of the most ancient food technologies, dating back around 6000 BC. The majority of dairy products are manufactured from cows, buffaloes, goats, and sheep; their production technologies are mostly standardized and have been widely investigated. Milk and dairy products from minor species are less important under the economic point of view, but they play a fundamental social role in many marginal and poor areas. Due to scarce interest of the dairy industry, their technological characteristics and related issues have been investigated less. Recently, the increasing interest toward ethnic foods and food biodiversity is helping these minor products to emerge from the “darkness” in which they have remained for long time. Some of them are increasingly seen as useful for the valorization of marginal areas, while others are recognized as innovative or healthy foods. The present review aims to resume the most recent knowledge about these less-known dairy products. The first part summarizes the main technological properties of equine, camel, and yak milk with a view to processing. The second is a survey on the related dairy products, both the traditional ones that have been manufactured for a long time and those that have been newly developed by food researchers.
Mir-193b Regulates the Differentiation, Proliferation, and Apoptosis of Bovine Adipose Cells by Targeting the ACSS2/AKT Axis
Authors: Kang Zihong , Zhang Sihuang , Jiang Enhui , Wan Fachun , Lan Xianyong , Liu Mei
Published: July 2020

The precise functions and molecular mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) in adipocytes are primarily unknown. Studies have demonstrated that miR-193b plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of preadipocytes. Herein, we evaluated the effects of bta-miR-193b on the growth and development of adipocytes, using the EdU cell proliferation method, flow cytometry analysis, CCK-8 assay, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and oil red O staining. We observed that the overexpression of bta-miR-193b significantly affected the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of adipocytes. The results of the dual-fluorescent reporter vector experiments demonstrated that bta-miR-193b directly targeted Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2). Additionally, the effects of ACSS2 overexpression on the proliferation and apoptosis in adipose cells were the opposite of those induced by bta-miR-193b. We also demonstrated that ACSS2 can significantly promote the expression of AKT and pAKT proteins. Therefore, this study presents a novel mechanism by which bta-miR-193b regulates adipocyte development by targeting ACSS2.
Impact of Heat Stress on Poultry Health and Performances, and Potential Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Wasti Sanjeev , Sah Nirvay , Mishra Birendra
Published: July 2020

Heat stress is one of the major environmental stressors in the poultry industry resulting in substantial economic loss. Heat stress causes several physiological changes, such as oxidative stress, acid-base imbalance, and suppressed immunocompetence, which leads to increased mortality and reduced feed efficiency, body weight, feed intake, and egg production, and also affects meat and egg quality. Several strategies, with a variable degree of effectiveness, have been implemented to attenuate heat stress in poultry. Nutritional strategies, such as restricting the feed, wet or dual feeding, adding fat in diets, supplementing vitamins, minerals, osmolytes, and phytochemicals, have been widely studied and found to reduce the deleterious effects of heat stress. Furthermore, the use of naked neck (Na) and frizzle (F) genes in certain breed lines have also gained massive attention in recent times. However, only a few of these strategies have been widely used in the poultry industry. Therefore, developing heat-tolerant breed lines along with proper management and nutritional approach needs to be considered for solving this problem. Thus, this review highlights the scientific evidence regarding the effects of heat stress on poultry health and performances, and potential mitigation strategies against heat stress in broiler chickens and laying hens.
Proportional-Integral Sliding Mode Control with an Application in the Balance Control of a Two-Wheel Vehicle System
Authors: Lin Chien-Hong , Hsiao Fu-Yuen
Published: July 2020

A balance control method, the proportional-integral sliding mode control (PISMC), is proposed to control the tilt attitude of an experimental two-wheel vehicle system (TWVS). Based on our previous work of implementing a generalized PISMC to control a linearized dynamical system, this paper extends the algorithm to a wider range: First, the control design of a weighted-control system is proposed. Secondly, our algorithm was realized and verified in a TWVS using its original nonlinear model. Thirdly, a systematical way to tune parameters are presented. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is also discussed in this paper. The simulation results of this work validate that the PISMC has better robustness to counteract the external disturbances than the conventional sliding mode control (SMC) does. Additionally, the experimental results show that the PISMC is capable of autonomously balancing the TWVS more effectively than the conventional SMC. The successful implementation of our algorithm potentially extends the implementation of the PISMC to various nonlinear and emerging systems.
Biochar Affects Heavy Metal Uptake in Plants through Interactions in the Rhizosphere
Authors: Medyńska-Juraszek Agnieszka , Rivier Pierre-Adrien , Rasse Daniel , Joner Erik J.
Published: July 2020

Heavy metals in soil pose a constant risk for animals and humans when entering their food chains, and limited means are available to reduce plant accumulation from more or less polluted soils. Biochar, which is made by pyrolysis of organic residues and sees increasing use as a soil amendment to mitigate anthropogenic C emissions and improve agronomic soil properties, has also been shown to reduce plant availability of heavy metals in soils. The cause for the reduction of metal uptake in plants when grown in soils enriched with biochar has generally been researched in terms of increased pH and alkalinity, while other potential mechanisms have been less studied. We conducted a pot experiment with barley using three soils differing in metal content and amended or not with 2% biochar made from Miscanthus x giganteus, and assessed plant contents and changes in bioavailability in bulk and rhizosphere soil by measuring extractability in acetic acid or ammonium nitrate. In spite of negligible pH changes upon biochar amendment, the results showed that biochar reduced extractability of Cu, Pb and Zn, but not of Cd. Rhizosphere soil contained more easily extractable Cu, Pb and Zn than bulk soil, while for Cd it did not. Generally, reduced plant uptake due to biochar was reflected in the amounts of metals extractable with ammonium nitrate, but not acetic acid.
On the Regularized Asymptotics of a Solution to the Cauchy Problem in the Presence of a Weak Turning Point of the Limit Operator
Authors: Yeliseev Alexander
Published: July 2020

An asymptotic solution of the linear Cauchy problem in the presence of a “weak” turning point for the limit operator is constructed by the method of S. A. Lomov regularization. The main singularities of this problem are written out explicitly. Estimates are given for ε that characterize the behavior of singularities for ϵ→0. The asymptotic convergence of a regularized series is proven. The results are illustrated by an example. Bibliography: six titles.
Phylogenetic Diversity of Trichoderma Strains and Their Antagonistic Potential against Soil-Borne Pathogens under Stress Conditions
Authors: Hewedy Omar A. , Abdel Lateif Khalid S. , Seleiman Mahmoud F. , Shami Ashwag , Albarakaty Fawziah M. , M. El-Meihy Rasha
Published: July 2020

Trichoderma species are known as excellent biocontrol agents against soil-borne pathogens that cause considerable crop losses. Eight strains of Trichoderma were isolated from five Egyptian regions. They identified based on translation elongation factor-1α (TEF1) sequencing as four different Trichoderma species: Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Optimal growth conditions (temperature and media), and the phosphate solubilization capability of Trichoderma strains were evaluated in vitro. Further, the ability of these strains to antagonize Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Fusarium graminearum was also evaluated. The results revealed that Trichoderma harzianum (Th6) exhibited the highest antagonistic ability against F. solani, M. phaseolina and F. graminearum with inhibition rates of 71.42%, 72.97%, and 84.61%, respectively. Trichoderma viride (Tv8) exhibited the lowest antagonism against the same pathogens with inhibition rates of 50%, 64% and 69.23%, respectively. Simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic variability of the Trichoderma strains. The results revealed that of 45 RAPD amplified bands, 36 bands (80%) were polymorphic and of SSRs amplified 36 bands, 31 bands (86.11%) were polymorphic. The amplification of calmodulin and β-1,3-endoglucanase was noted at 500 bp and 230 bp, respectively. Data indicated that T. viride (Tv8) had the highest phosphate solubilization index (10.0 mm), while T. harzianum (Th6) had the lowest phosphate solubilization index (4.0 mm). In conclusion, T. harzianum (Th6) had the highest antagonistic activity in dual culture assay along with the growth rate; while T. viride (Tv8) had the highest phosphate solubilization activity. There are still gaps in obtaining new formulations, selecting potent Trichoderma strains to confirm disease control in planta. For improving Trichoderma recommendation in the organic agricultural system and sustaining the fertility of the soil, the field application of highly antagonistic biocontrol agents in different types of soil and plant species will be the first approach toward bio-pesticide treatments along with bio-fertilizer inoculation. Furthermore, secondary metabolites will be investigated for the most promising strains with the combination of different pathogens and application timing.
Protein–Protein Interactions Mediated by Intrinsically Disordered Protein Regions Are Enriched in Missense Mutations
Authors: Wong Eric T. C. , So Victor , Guron Mike , Kuechler Erich R. , Malhis Nawar , Bui Jennifer M. , Gsponer Jörg
Published: July 2020

Because proteins are fundamental to most biological processes, many genetic diseases can be traced back to single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that cause changes in protein sequences. However, not all SNVs that result in amino acid substitutions cause disease as each residue is under different structural and functional constraints. Influential studies have shown that protein–protein interaction interfaces are enriched in disease-associated SNVs and depleted in SNVs that are common in the general population. These studies focus primarily on folded (globular) protein domains and overlook the prevalent class of protein interactions mediated by intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Therefore, we investigated the enrichment patterns of missense mutation-causing SNVs that are associated with disease and cancer, as well as those present in the healthy population, in structures of IDR-mediated interactions with comparisons to classical globular interactions. When comparing the different categories of interaction interfaces, division of the interface regions into solvent-exposed rim residues and buried core residues reveal distinctive enrichment patterns for the various types of missense mutations. Most notably, we demonstrate a strong enrichment at the interface core of interacting IDRs in disease mutations and its depletion in neutral ones, which supports the view that the disruption of IDR interactions is a mechanism underlying many diseases. Intriguingly, we also found an asymmetry across the IDR interaction interface in the enrichment of certain missense mutation types, which may hint at an increased variant tolerance and urges further investigations of IDR interactions.
Oxidation of Isodrimeninol with PCC Yields Drimane Derivatives with Activity against Candida Yeast by Inhibition of Lanosterol 14-Alpha Demethylase
Authors: Marin Victor , Iturra Andres , Opazo Andres , Schmidt Bernd , Heydenreich Matthias , Ortiz Leandro , Jiménez Verónica A. , Paz Cristian
Published: July 2020

Candida species cause an opportunistic yeast infection called Candidiasis, which is responsible for more than 50,000 deaths every year around the world. Effective treatments against candidiasis caused by non-albicans Candida species such as C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. aureus, and C. krusei are limited due to severe resistance to conventional antifungal drugs. Natural drimane sesquiterpenoids have shown promising antifungal properties against Candida yeast and have emerged as valuable candidates for developing new candidiasis therapies. In this work, we isolated isodrimeninol (C1) from barks of Drimys winteri and used it as starting material for the hemi-synthesis of four sesquiterpenoids by oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC). The structure of the products (C2, C3, C4, and C5) was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy resulting in C4 being a novel compound. Antifungal activity assays against C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei revealed that C4 exhibited an increased activity (IC50 of 75 μg/mL) compared to C1 (IC50 of 125 μg/mL) in all yeast strains. The antifungal activity of C1 and C4 was rationalized in terms of their capability to inhibit lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and MM/GBSA binding free energy calculations. In silico analysis revealed that C1 and C4 bind to the outermost region of the catalytic site of 14-alpha demethylase and block the entrance of lanosterol (LAN) to the catalytic pocket. Binding free energy estimates suggested that C4 forms a more stable complex with the enzyme than C1, in agreement with the experimental evidence. Based on this new approach it is possible to design new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids for the control of Candida species as inhibitors of 14-alpha demethylase.
Hypermethioninemia Leads to Fatal Bleeding and Increased Mortality in a Transgenic I278T Mouse Model of Homocystinuria
Authors: Park Insun , Johnson Linda K. , Cox Allaura , Branchford Brian R. , Paola Jorge Di , Bublil Erez M. , Majtan Tomas
Published: July 2020

Severely elevated plasma homocysteine and methionine lead to thromboembolic events and strokes in homocystinuric (HCU) patients. Mouse models of HCU failed to exhibit prothrombotic phenotype, presumably due to lack of hypermethioninemia. We evaluated the impact of hypermethioninemia together with hyperhomocysteinemia on murine HCU phenotype and compared the efficacy of the current and novel therapies for HCU. High methionine intake decreased survival of I278T mice, which died from intestinal bleeding with hepatic and pancreatic failure. I278T mice on normal or increased methionine intake developed endothelial dysfunction, but paradoxically demonstrated delayed occlusion in an induced arterial thrombosis model. RNA-seq analysis suggested that expression of coagulation factor XI (FXI) is downregulated in livers of I278T mice. Indeed, plasma concentrations of FXI were decreased in I278T mice on normal diet and further reduced by increased methionine intake. Dietary methionine restriction normalized the observed phenotype. Similarly, treatment with OT-58, a novel enzyme therapy for HCU, corrected the phenotype in I278T mice regardless of their dietary methionine intake. Hypermethioninemia does not contribute to prothrombotic phenotype in murine HCU. Downregulation of FXI may contribute to the lack of prothrombotic tendency in I278T mice. Methionine restriction or treatment with OT-58 corrects vascular disease in the I278T mouse model of HCU.
Recent Advancements in Hematology: Knowledge, Methods and Dissemination, Part 1
Authors: Fitzgibbon Jude , Park Sophie , Cook Gordon , Paiva Bruno , Gloghini Annunziata , Van Breda Eric , Busti Fabiana , Garderet Laurent , Dolcetti Ricardo , Robin Marie , Martino Rodrigo , Busca Alessandro , Sabbah Michèle , De Rosa Salvatore , Martini Maurizio , Onida Francesco , Aucouturier Pierre , Schjesvold Fredrik , Minvielle Stéphane , Mazzucato Mario , Terragna Carolina , Delforge Michel , Harrison Claire , Carbone Antonino
Published: July 2020

Recent Advancements in Hematology: Knowledge, Methods and Dissemination is a series of editorials which is published on a biannual basis by the editorial board of the journal Bloods [...]
Effect of Oxide Supports on the Activity of Pd Based Catalysts for Furfural Hydrogenation
Authors: Byun Mi Yeon , Park Dae-Won , Lee Man Sig
Published: July 2020

We investigated the effect of oxide supports on the hydrogenation of furfural over Pd catalysts on various supports (Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, CeO2, and ZrO2). Pd catalysts (5 wt%) prepared by chemical reduction on various supports. The dispersion and uniformity of Pd were affected by the properties of the support and by the nucleation and growth of Pd. The conversion of furfural was enhanced by greater Pd dispersion. The selectivity for cyclopentanone and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was affected by physicochemical properties of Pd catalyst and reaction parameters. High Pd dispersion and high acidity of the catalyst led to greater C=C hydrogenation, thereby, generating more tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The Pd/TiO2 catalyst showed the highest cyclopentanone yield than other catalysts. The Pd/TiO2 catalyst exhibited the >99% furfural conversion, 55.6% cyclopentanone selectivity, and 55.5% cyclopentanone yield under the optimal conditions; 20 bar of H2, at 170 °C for 4 h with 0.1 g of catalyst.
Sensomotoric Orthoses, Ankle–Foot Orthoses, and Children with Cerebral Palsy: The Bigger Picture
Authors: MacFarlane Clare , Orr Robin , Hing Wayne
Published: July 2020

Ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs) and sensomotoric orthoses (SMotOs) are two—clinically relevant, yet under researched—types of lower limb orthoses used in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Quality of life is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Evaluating the effect of these two types of orthoses on quality of life in children with CP has not been reported on. The aim of this case study series was to synthesise and enrich the volume of evidence reported to inform real world applications of SMotO use in children with CP. Participants recruited were children with CP who performed the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up-and-Go, the Gross Motor Function Measure and/or the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score in AFOs, SMotOs and barefoot where able. Qualitative data included videos of gait, a questionnaire and pedographs. Eight participants completed 39 quantitative and six qualitative measures, with the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS) reporting the highest response. A general improvement was seen in gross motor skills and gait when wearing the SMotOs compared to AFOs and some parents reported that SMotOs were preferred. The reader is able to correlate the quantitative results with the qualitative evidence presented.
Investigating Methods for Integrating Unmanned Aerial Systems in Search and Rescue Operations
Authors: Weldon William T. , Hupy Joseph
Published: July 2020

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are increasingly being used in search and rescue (SAR) operations to assist in the discovery of missing persons. UAS are useful to first responders in SAR operations due to rapid deployment, high data volume, and high spatial resolution data collection capabilities. Relying on traditional manual interpretation methods to find a missing person in imagery data sets containing several hundred images is both challenging and time consuming. To better find small signs of missing persons in large UAS datasets, computer assisted interpretation methods have been developed. This article presents the results of an initial evaluation of a computer assisted interpretation method tested against manual methods in a simulated SAR operation. The evaluation performed focused on using resources available to first responders performing SAR operations, specifically: RGB data, volunteers, and a commercially available software program. Results from this field test were mixed, as the traditional group discovered more objects but required more time, in man hours, to discover the objects. Further field experiments, based on the capabilities of current first responder groups, should be conducted to determine to what extent computer assisted methods are useful in SAR operations.
Numerical Fire Spread Simulation Based on Material Pyrolysis—An Application to the CHRISTIFIRE Phase 1 Horizontal Cable Tray Tests
Authors: Hehnen Tristan , Arnold Lukas , La Mendola Saverio
Published: July 2020

A general procedure is described to generate material parameter sets to simulate fire propagation in horizontal cable tray installations. Cone Calorimeter test data are processed in an inverse modelling approach. Here, parameter sets are generated procedurally and serve as input for simulations conducted with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The simulation responses are compared with the experimental data and ranked based on their fitness. The best fitness was found for a test condition of 50 kW/m2. Low flux conditions 25 kW/m2 and less exhibited difficulties to be accurately simulated. As a validation step, the best parameter sets are then utilised to simulate fire propagation within a horizontal cable tray installation and are compared with experimental data. It is important to note, the inverse modelling process is focused on the Cone Calorimeter and not aware of the actual validation step. Despite this handicap, the general features in the fire development can be reproduced, however not exact. The fire in the tray simulation extinguishes earlier and the total energy release is slightly higher when compared to the experiment. The responses of the material parameter sets are briefly compared with a selection of state of the art procedures.
Effects of Particles Diffusion on Membrane Filters Performance
Authors: Liu Shi Yue , Chen Zhengyi , Sanaei Pejman
Published: July 2020

Membrane filtration fouling is a very complex process and is determined by many properties such as the membrane internal morphology, membrane pore structure, flow rate and contaminant properties. In a very slow filtration process or during the late stage of filtration, when the flow rate is naturally low and Péclet number is small, particle diffusion is essential and cannot be neglected, while in typical filtration models, especially in moderate and fast filtration process, the main contribution stems from the particle advection. The objectives of this study is to formulate mathematical models that can (i) investigate how filtration process varies under possible effects of particles diffusion; and (ii) describe how membrane morphology evolves and investigate the filtration performance during the filtration process. We also compare the results with the case that diffusion is less important and make a prediction about what kind of membrane filter pore structure should be employed to achieve a particular optimum filtration performance. According to our results, the filtrate and efficiency of particle separation are found to be under the trade-off relationship, and the selection of the membrane properties depends on the requirement of the filtration.
The Intentional Self-Medication of 9/11-Related PTSD Symptoms with Alcohol: 15 Years after the Disaster
Authors: Garrey Sascha K. , Welch Alice E. , Jacobson Melanie H. , Brackbill Robert M. , Gargano Lisa M.
Published: July 2020

The self-medication hypothesis may explain the co-morbidity of affective and substance use disorders. Research shows increased prevalence, frequency, and intensity of binge drinking and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among those directly exposed to the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC), however, little is known about PTSD symptomology and intentional self-medication with alcohol (ISMA) among this group. We used WTC Health Registry data (N = 28,935) to describe the relationship between ISMA and specific symptom clusters of probable 9/11-related PTSD, the number of PTSD symptom clusters endorsed, and binge drinking intensity. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). ISMA was most strongly associated with the hyperarousal PTSD symptom cluster (AOR = 2.04 [1.88, 2.21]) and the endorsement of one (AOR = 1.80 CI [1.65, 1.95]), two (AOR = 2.51 CI [2.28, 2.77]), or three (AOR = 2.84 CI [2.55, 3.17]) PTSD symptom clusters, indicating a clear dose–response relationship. A significant number of 9/11-exposed persons continue to experience PTSD symptoms and engage in ISMA as a potential coping mechanism. Repeated screenings for self-medicative alcohol use among survivors of mass traumas with PTSD symptoms is of public health importance.
Influence of Implant Connection, Abutment Design and Screw Insertion Torque on Implant-Abutment Misfit
Authors: Vélez Jorge , Peláez Jesús , López-Suárez Carlos , Agustín-Panadero Rubén , Tobar Celia , Suárez María J.
Published: July 2020

Background: An accurate fit at the implant-abutment interface is an important factor to avoid biological and mechanical complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal misfit at the implant-abutment interface on external and Morse taper connection, with straight and angulated abutments under different insertion torque loads. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 implants were used, 60 with external connection (EC) and 60 with Morse taper connection (IC). Straight (SA) (n = 60) and angulated abutments (AA) (n = 60) were randomly screwed to each connection at different torque levels (n = 10 each): 10, 20 and 30 Ncm. All specimens were subjected to thermal and cyclic loading and the misfit was measured by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found between connections and abutments regardless of the torque applied. Morse taper connections with straight and angulated abutments showed the lowest misfit values (0.6 µm). Misfit values decreased as torque increased. Conclusions: The misfit was affected by the type of connection. The type of abutment did not influence the fit in the Morse taper connection. The higher the tightening torque applied the increase in the fit of the implant-abutment interface.
Adaptable Monitoring Package Development and Deployment: Lessons Learned for Integrated Instrumentation at Marine Energy Sites
Authors: Polagye Brian , Joslin James , Murphy Paul , Cotter Emma , Scott Mitchell , Gibbs Paul , Bassett Christopher , Stewart Andrew
Published: July 2020

Integrated instrumentation packages are an attractive option for environmental and ecological monitoring at marine energy sites, as they can support a range of sensors in a form factor compact enough for the operational constraints posed by energetic waves and currents. Here we present details of the architecture and performance for one such system—the Adaptable Monitoring Package—which supports active acoustic, passive acoustic, and optical sensing to quantify the physical environment and animal presence at marine energy sites. we describe cabled and autonomous deployments and contrast the relatively limited system capabilities in an autonomous operating mode with more expansive capabilities, including real-time data processing, afforded by shore power or in situ power harvesting from waves. Across these deployments, we describe sensor performance, outcomes for biological target classification algorithms using data from multibeam sonars and optical cameras, and the effectiveness of measures to limit biofouling and corrosion. On the basis of these experiences, we discuss the demonstrated requirements for integrated instrumentation, possible operational concepts for monitoring the environmental and ecological effects of marine energy converters using such systems, and the engineering trade-offs inherent in their development. Overall, we find that integrated instrumentation can provide powerful capabilities for observing rare events, managing the volume of data collected, and mitigating potential bias to marine animal behavior. These capabilities may be as relevant to the broader oceanographic community as they are to the emerging marine energy sector.
Volatility Transmission across Financial Markets: A Semiparametric Analysis
Authors: Kolaiti Theoplasti , Mboya Mwasi , Sibbertsen Philipp
Published: July 2020

This paper revisits the question whether volatilities of different markets and trading zones have a long-run equilibrium in the sense that they are fractionally cointegrated. We consider the U.S., Japanese and German stock, bond and foreign exchange markets to see whether there is fractional cointegration between the markets in one trading zone or for one market across trading zones. Also the other combinations of different markets in different trading zones are considered. Applying a purely semiparametric approach through the whole analysis shows fractional cointegration can only be found for a small minority of different cases. Investigating further we find that all volatility series show persistence breaks during the observation period which may be a reason for different findings in previous studies.
Half-Space Relaxation Projection Method for Solving Multiple-Set Split Feasibility Problem
Authors: Taddele Guash Haile , Kumam Poom , Gebrie Anteneh Getachew , Sitthithakerngkiet Kanokwan
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we study an iterative method for solving the multiple-set split feasibility problem: find a point in the intersection of a finite family of closed convex sets in one space such that its image under a linear transformation belongs to the intersection of another finite family of closed convex sets in the image space. In our result, we obtain a strongly convergent algorithm by relaxing the closed convex sets to half-spaces, using the projection onto those half-spaces and by introducing the extended form of selecting step sizes used in a relaxed CQ algorithm for solving the split feasibility problem. We also give several numerical examples for illustrating the efficiency and implementation of our algorithm in comparison with existing algorithms in the literature.