bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ficciones corporativas surcoreanas, modelos de liderazgo y Ética cordial
Authors: Melendez Táboas Amelia
Published: March 2023

La ficción surcoreana televisiva que se ocupa de retratar la vida empresarial bascula entre el drama soap opera, la caricatura deudora de la historieta en línea o webtoon de origen y dramas realistas atravesados o no por otros géneros como el thriller o el melodrama. En esta ficción corporativa es posible observar modelos de liderazgo que pueden corresponderse con algunos descritos en manuales corporativos (Competencia Pigmalión, Liderazgo Personalista Integral) y también con propuestas que desde la ética aplicada no renuncian a una ética normativa que sea tanto de mínimos como de máximos, como la Ética de la razón cordial, Ética Cordial (Cortina, 2009). Ambos modelos de liderazgo y propuesta ética servirán para el análisis de dos ficciones televisivas surcoreanas recientes - Luces Nocturnas (Bulyaseong, White Nights, 2016) y Search: WWW (Geomsaekeoreul Ibryeokhaseyo, 2019) - que ponen sobre la mesa el incremento de conciencia en su sociedad de la situación de las mujeres profesionales cuyas vidas proyectan. El perfilado moral e incremento de realismo en la caracteriología de los personajes desde la CEO Yi-Kiung Seo (Luces nocturnas) a Ta mi Bae (Search) se debe al paso de un guionista, Ji-hoon Han, al avance que supone la incorporación de más guionistas a la industria hallyu como Eun Sol Kwon. Además, Search: WWW acusa el cambio social vivido en el país después del Feminist Reboot que siguió al asesinato de la estación Gagnam que ha llevado a todas las industrias del hallyu a replantearse sus condiciones de igualdad de género.
Álex de la Iglesia y las escenas de alturas
Authors: Jiménez González Marcos
Published: March 2023

Álex de la Iglesia es un cineasta cuyo reconocimiento ha ido creciendo exponencialmente desde los años noventa. Su estilo es ambiguo, situándose en una posición híbrida, entre el cine de género y la tradición española del esperpento. Esto ha dado lugar a multitud de debates y reflexiones sobre el puesto que ocupa en el panorama cinematográfico nacional. El presente escrito se centra en el análisis de las escenas de alturas en sus películas, una de las características presentes a lo largo de toda su filmografía, desde El día de la bestia hasta Veneciafrenia. Así, se establece un recorrido por los filmes en los que estas aparecen, analizando el tipo de significado y sentido que tienen, y dando cuenta de la diversidad de significaciones y estructuras. El análisis se centrará en las películas que muestran este recurso en la parte final (en el clímax), enfatizando su carácter metafórico, que entronca con una lectura filosófica de las alturas como espacio fílmico. Esta connotación se encuentra arraigada a los orígenes de la cultura occidental, al pensamiento de Platón, de Aristóteles y de la tradición judeocristiana que, estando muy presente en el pensamiento, pervive también en la narrativa literaria y cinematográfica.
Una père-version fallida
Authors: Laso Eduardo
Published: March 2023

La adaptación cinematográfica de Edipo Rey de Pier Paolo Pasolini presenta la particularidad de articular el mito de Edipo y la obra de Sófocles, con la lectura que hace Sigmund Freud de la tragedia griega. A lo que le agrega su propia experiencia personal para hablar de su complejo de Edipo. Al adaptar el texto de Sófocles desde la teoría psicoanalítica, hace un film que articula lo universal del complejo de Edipo freudiano con su propia experiencia de amor por su madre y odio parricida contra el padre.
Reseña: Desengañar la extimidad
Authors: González David Albano , Marchese María Pía
Published: March 2023

Reseña del libro

Montajes del cuerpo. Cine, series y psicoanálisis

María Pía Marchese y David Albano González (compiladores)

Editorial Grama. 2022
Milorad Dodik - Serbian Political Leader in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Guskova Elena
Published: March 2023

The subject of this research is Milorad Dodik, the political leader of the Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The author pays considerable attention to Dodik's views and beliefs, his political growth, and his activities as Prime Minister and President of the Republika Srpska (RS). Having led the RS for a long time, Dodik did a lot to strengthen the republic, make it more independent, protect the Serbian people, and prevent the creation of a single Bosnia and Herzegovina without Entities. During these years, he became an experienced politician who played an important role in the fate of the Serbian people in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Dimitri Rupel. The Path to Politics and His Activity as the First Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia During the Transition Period (1990-1992)
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pilko Nadezhda
Published: March 2023

The author investigates the activities of the Slovenian politician, writer, and public figure Dimitri Rupel in his capacity as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia during its formation as an independent state. The primary task facing the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was to achieve recognition of the independence of the Republic by the world community. The main source for this research was the memoirs of Dimitri Rupel.
pendidikan multikultural
Authors: Bangun Rejunika Listra Br
Published: March 2023

Abstrak: Multikultur adalah suatu tantangan yang mengedepankan majemuknya nilai-nilai, mekanisme dan struktur sosial dalam bingkai human being. Dalam kesadaran pluralisme manusia dihadapkan pada proses pembelajaran yang terus menerus bergulir sepanjang hidupnya terhadap sesuatu di luar pribadi dan identitas monokulturnya. Dalam kedua konteks itu (manusia dan mulitikultur); banyak perbenturan yang bisa terjadi. Tetapi itu adalah impact yang tidak bisa dihindari karena yang mau dicairkan adalah manusia sebagai realitas-realitas human being manusia sebagai yang berakal budi. Salah satu batasan tentang pendidikan multikultural adalah apa yang disebutkan “Multicultural education, then, is the process of acquiring knowledge and information about the efforts of many different groups againstadverse agencies and conditions for control of their destinies through thestudy of the artifacts and substances which emanated thereform”. Maka, ketika isu multikultur itu merebak belakangan ini sebagai alternatif untuk membenang-merahi kesadaran hidup dalam keberagaman agama, etnis dan budaya, maka sesungguhya itu bukanlah hal baru. Dalam konteks kekinian, multikultur bukanlah suatu nilai dan tatanan baru karena ia adalah realitas sejarah bangsa Indonesia dan bangsa lain diluar Indonesia.
Diálogo de saberes en el desempeño docente de universidades del Perú: Un enfoque intercultural
Authors: Baltazar Marisol Paola Delgado , Salazar Jenny Maria Ruiz , Huertas Frank Duberlee Alvarez , Serón Gina Ivette Estrella , Rojas Claudia Noemi Rivera , Zárate Carlos Enrique Bernardo
Published: March 2023

El tema de la educación superior y el diálogo intercultural en el Perú, necesariamente requiere abordar el papel que representan las instituciones educativas, con referencia a lo descrito en el año 2009 por la Conferencia mundial sobre la educación superior (CMES): “La educación superior debería cumplir un protagonismo social, en producir conocimientos que sean útiles a los desafíos del mundo actual, es necesario desmantelar y formular nuevamente los pilares epistémicos, políticos, económicos de la civilización occidental, que protejan y aseguren la sustentabilidad del planeta, todo lo anterior de la innecesaria y devastadora globalización (Leff, 2004). No necesariamente una educación homogénea, será suficiente para erradicar el problema, al igual que no se logrará mejorar la calidad educativa, los métodos pedagógicos, los procedimientos investigativos de Latinoamérica y el Caribe, para ello es necesario, recurrir a un nuevo proceso de independencia del poder y el saber (Quijano, 2014).” Aún persiste el fantasma, de las antiguas prácticas coloniales, que han inciden negativamente y alimentan el desalojo continuo de los conocimientos de los pueblos originarios; nos obligan al desconocimiento, la poca valoración, hasta olvidar los derechos principales, solo por catalogarlos como conocimientos sin ningún tipo importancia (Curriao, 2020), pero aún, persisten las políticas y sistema educativos en las universidades interculturales, de contenidos totalmente influenciados por el mundo occidental. Es hora de una visión crítica, para los tiempos actuales, es necesario una reestructuración del sistema educativo convencional, influenciado aún por los efectos de la colonización, por un sistema educativo integral, que se adapte a la riqueza y diversidad cultural de la región, las universidades interculturales deben transversalizar la realidad étnica desde sus documentos de gestión administrativa, académica e investigativa, con el fin de conectar los conocimientos y el aprendizaje ancestral y modernos (Walsh, 2012), lo anterior Mato(2008), lo describió como el diálogo de saberes entre diversas racionalidades y culturas. La importante e interesante diversidad cultural del Perú, creo las inquietudes en el pueblo y el gobierno, en la creación de universidades interculturales, esto en gran parte por las exigencias, las presiones y la necesidad de los movimientos indígenas, todo con la finalidad de asegurar la preservación, conservación de la cultura y las lenguas originarias de los pueblos andino amazónicos.
La educación matemática realista y su aplicación en el aula de clases
Authors: Arenas Ruben Dario Mendoza , Fernández Víctor Edgardo Rocha , Rivadeneira Rubén Orlando Arbañil , García José Farfán , Cueto Benito Armando Larroche , Isusqui José César Piedra
Published: March 2023

Tal vez, en algunas oportunidades escuchamos la frase: ¡Para enseñar, basta con saber matemáticas!" y en contraposición aquella que dice: ¡No basta solo saber matemáticas para enseñar! Por tanto, no es fácil responder a la pregunta ¿Qué debe saber un docente para que los alumnos puedan aprender Matemáticas? Hoy en día, existen dos acuerdos claros en la comunidad educativa: saber Matemáticas en un campo amplio es una condición necesaria, y saber Matemáticas por sí solo no es suficiente. Al considerar todas las visiones, sobre las tareas y roles que deberían tener los profesores de matemáticas ahora y en el futuro, podríamos asegurar que poseen una infinidad de tareas y responsabilidades. Un nuevo comportamiento profesional, una nueva actitud hacia los estudiantes requiere el profesor de matemáticas; conocimientos y habilidades pedagógicas flexibles de acuerdo con diferentes situaciones y contextos educativos; conocimiento de la materia en sí y de la información didáctica relacionada. Del mismo modo, se requiere que sea posible promover y estimular el trabajo de los estudiantes, para orientarlos a la reflexión, manejando los aspectos sociales y emocionales; ser capaz de crear entornos de aprendizaje matemáticamente diversos y enriquecedores; diseñar modelos que se adapten a las condiciones de aprendizaje inciertas y cambiantes en las clases de matemáticas y preparar a sus estudiantes para la integración y participación laboral o para continuar con la educación superior.En este análisis y comprensión exhaustiva de los procesos de aprendizaje o enseñanza de las matemáticas, también la filosofía de las matemáticas y la historia de las matemáticas tienen un lugar claro y natural. Esperamos que el texto sea una herramienta útil para estudiantes de matemáticas, maestros e instructores, además que las aportaciones le presenten al lector elementos útiles para su labor profesional y académica, acorde con los cambios educativos que naturalmente se dan en nuestra sociedad.
Pendidikan multikultural
Authors: Pesik Anggreiny Veronika
Published: March 2023

Multi artinya banyak, sedangkan kulturalisme artinya aliran/ideologi budaya. Multikulturalisme berarti pandangan yang mengakomodasi banyak aliran atau ideology budaya. Multikulturalisme mengkonsepkan pandangan terhadap keanekaragaman kehidupan di dunia, ataupun kebijakan kebudayaan yang menekankan tentang penerimaan terhadap adanya keragaman, dan berbagai macam budaya di dalam realitas masyarakat menyangkut nilai-nilai, sistem sosial, praktik budaya, adat-kebiasaan, dan filosofi politik yang dianut dalam konteks tertentu.
Trust is for the strong: How health status may influence generalized and personalized trust
Authors: Le Tam-Tri , Nguyen Loan , Jin Ruining , Nguyen Minh-Hoang , Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: March 2023

In the trust-health relationship, how trusting other people in society may promote good health is a topic often examined. However, the other direction of influence – how health may affect trust – has not been well explored. In order to investigate this possible effect, we employed Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics to go deeper into the information processing mechanisms underlying the expressions of trust. Conducting Bayesian analysis on a dataset of 1237 residents from Cali, Colombia, we found that general health status is positively associated with generalized trust, but recent experiences of illnesses/injuries have a negative moderating effect. Personalized trust is largely unchanged across different general health conditions, but the trust level becomes higher with recent experiences of illnesses/injuries. Psychophysiological mechanisms of increasing information filtering intensity toward unfamiliar sources during a vulnerable state of health is a plausible explanation of found patterns in generalized trust. Because established personal relationships are reinforced information channels, personalized trust is not affected as much. Rather, the results suggest that people may rely even more on loved ones when they are in bad health conditions. This exploratory study shows that the trust-health relationship can be examined from a different angle that may provide new insights.
Pendidikan Multikultural
Authors: Purba Marta Sari
Published: March 2023

Indonesi adalah Negara yang besar dengan segala budaya dan adat istiadat dalamnya,beragam budaya tersebut tidak bisa dipungkiri bahwa akan melahirkan berbagai pandangan bahwa Indonesia Negara dengan beragam etnis,ras budaya serta agama yang majemuk.Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang kemajemukan tersebut dewasa ini sering disebut sebagai istilah pendidikan Multikultural(Helmy,2003:17).Menurut Yudi Hartono(2003;420)pada prinsipnya,pendidikan multikultural adalah pendidikan yang menghargai perbedaan.Sehingga nantinya perbedaan tersebut tidak menjadi sumber konflik dan perpecahaan.Sikap saling toleransi inilah yang nantinya akan menjadi keberagaman yang dinamis,kekayaan budaya yang menjadi jadi diri bangsa yang patut untuk di lestarikan
The role of results in deciding to publish
Authors: Muradchanian Jasmine , Hoekstra Rink , Kiers Henk , van Ravenzwaaij Don
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPublishing study results in scientific journals has been the standard way of disseminating science. However, getting results published may depend on their statistical significance. The consequence of this is that the representation of scientific knowledge might be biased. This type of bias has been called publication bias. The main objective of the present study is to get more insight into publication bias by examining it at the author, reviewer, and editor level. Additionally, we make a direct comparison between publication bias induced by authors, by reviewers, and by editors. We approached our participants by e-mail, asking them to fill out an online survey. ResultsOur findings suggest that statistically significant findings have a higher likelihood to be published than statistically non-significant findings, because (1) authors (n = 65) are more likely to write up and submit articles with significant results compared to articles with non-significant results (median effect size 1.10, BF10 = 1.09*10^7); (2) reviewers (n = 60) give more favourable reviews to articles with significant results compared to articles with non-significant results (median effect size 0.58, BF10 = 4.73*10^2); and (3) editors (n = 171) are more likely to accept for publication articles with significant results compared to articles with non-significant results (median effect size, 0.94, BF10 = 7.63*10^7). Evidence on differences in the relative contributions to publication bias by authors, reviewers, and editors is ambiguous (editors vs reviewers: BF10 = 0.31, reviewers vs authors: BF10 = 3.11, and editors vs authors: BF10 = 0.42). DiscussionOne of the main limitations was that rather than investigating publication bias directly, we studied potential for publication bias. Another limitation was the low response rate to the survey.
Interpersonal utility and children’s social inferences from shared preferences
Authors: Pesowski Madison Leigh , Powell Lindsey J , Cikara Mina , Schachner Adena
Published: March 2023

Similarity of behaviors or attributes is often used to infer social affiliation and prosociality. Does this reflect reasoning using a simple expectation of homophily, or more complex reasoning about shared utility? We addressed this question by examining the inferences children make from similar choices when this similarity does or does not cause competition over a zero-sum resource. Four- to six-year-olds (N=204) saw two vignettes, each featuring three characters (a target plus two others) choosing between two types of resources. In all stories, each character expressed a preference: one ‘other’ chose the same resource as the target, while a second ‘other’ chose the different resource. In one condition there were enough resources for all the characters; in the other condition, one type of resource was limited, with only one available (inducing potential competition between the target and the similar-choice other). Children then judged which of the two ‘other’ characters was being nicer (prosocial judgment) and which of the two was more preferred by the target (affiliative inference). When resources were limited (vs. unlimited), children were less likely to select the similar other as being nice. Children’s initial tendency to report that the target preferred the similar other was also eliminated in the limited resource scenario. These findings show that children’s reasoning about similarity is not wholly based on homophily. Instead, by reasoning about shared utility — how each person values the goals of others — children engage in flexible inferences regarding whether others’ similar preferences and behaviors have positive or negative social meaning.
Individual differences in internal models explain idiosyncrasies in scene perception
Authors: Wang Gongting , Foxwell Matthew J , Cichy Radoslaw M. , Pitcher David , Kaiser Daniel
Published: March 2023

According to predictive processing theories, vision is facilitated by predictions derived from our internal models of what the world should look like. However, the contents of these models and how they vary across people remains unclear. Here, we use drawing to directly access the contents of the internal models of individual participants. Participants were first asked to draw typical versions of scene categories, as descriptors of their internal models. These drawings were converted into standardized 3d renders, which we used as stimuli in subsequent scene categorization experiments. Across two experiments, participants’ scene categorization was more accurate for renders tailored to their own drawings compared to renders based on others’ drawings or copies of scene photographs, suggesting that scene perception is determined by a match with idiosyncratic internal models. Using a deep neural network to computationally evaluate similarities between scene renders, we further demonstrate that graded similarity to the render based on participants’ own typical drawings (and thus to their internal model) predicts categorization performance across a range of candidate scenes. Together, our results showcase the potential of a new method for understanding individual differences – starting from participants’ personal expectations about the structure of real-world scenes.
STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NON-LUCID, LUCID DREAMS AND OUT-OF-BODY EXPERIENCE REPORTS ASSESSED BY GRAPH ANALYSIS
Authors: Gallo Francisco T. , Spiousas Ignacio , Herrero Nerea L. , Godoy Daniela , Tommasel Antonela , Rolín Miguel Gasca , Ramele Rodrigo , Gleiser Pablo M , Forcato Cecilia
Published: March 2023

In this study, we examine the structural properties of dream reports that include non-lucid, lucid dreams (LDs) and out-of-body experiences (OBEs). We collected a set of 916 dream reports (728 non-lucid dreams, 122 LDs, 68 OBEs) obtained from 60 participants that kept a dream journal for two months. The collected reports were transformed into directed graphs, where each different word plays the role of a node, and consecutive words are connected by a directed, unweighted edge. We analyzed different network measures to compare the graphs. Overall, correlations between graph attributes and the number of nodes revealed that OBEs showed a negative slope for diameter and ASP, which was not observed in non-LDs or LDs. The slope for betweenness centrality also had a pronounced effect in OBE dreams. These results suggest that OBEs may have unique structural properties compared to other types of dreams, which could provide insight into their nature and potential role in human consciousness. These findings suggest that OBE dreams may have a more coherent and unified narrative, with certain nodes playing a more central role in the overall network.
Memory-Enhancing and Antioxidant Activities of the Hydroethanolic Leave Extract of Piliostigma reticulatum (Fabaceae) in the Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Model
Authors: Beppe Galba Jean , Barga Bertrand Poo , Atsamo Donatien Albert , Fedaski Christ-Roi , Folefack Alice Irène , Allah-Doum Nanou Gael , Zemo Franklin Gamo , Dongmo Alain Bertrand
Published: March 2023

Background: Piliostigma reticulatum (Fabaceae) is a plant used in Cameroon for the treatment of madness and migraine. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the memory-enhancing and antioxidant activities of the hydroethanolic leaves extract of PR in the monosodium glutamate-induced Alzheimer's disease model. Materials and Methods: The Y-maze, Radial-arm maze and Novel object recognition tests were used to assess short, and long-term memory. At the end of the experiments, the brains of mice were scavenged for biochemical and histological analysis. Results: It was observed that the hydroalcoholic extract of PR leaf significantly reversed the percentage of spontaneous alternation compared to the negative control group at the different doses tested (p<0.01; p<0.001) in the Y-maze test. In the radial arm maze test, the extract significantly (p<0.001) reduced the time spent consuming the bait, the number of reference memory and working memory errors at all doses. The treatment of animals with hydroethanolic extract of PR resulted in a significant increase in the discrimination index (p<0.001) in the unfamiliar object recognition test. In addition, the extract significantly (p < 0.01); p < 0.001) decreased acetylcholinesterase activity,and MDA levels at all tested doses; and significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) increased SOD level and Catalase activity in comparison to the negative control group. The histological analysis showed that the extract of Piliostigma reticulatum protected the different structures of the hippocampus against damage caused by monosodium glutamate. Conclusion : The memoryenhancing induced by the hydroethanolic leaves extract of Piliostigma reticulatum could be due to his antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties. These effects could justify the use of this plant to manage nervous system affections.
Protective effect of Spirulina platensis extract on aflatoxin B1 immunotoxicities in mice
Authors: Johnson Masese , Gilbert Kipkoech , Sammy Kimoloi , Peter Mwitari , Gordon Nguka , Charles Mutai
Published: March 2023

Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are the main Aspergillums species that form aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive. This study aimed to assess Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) extract inhibitory effect against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced immunotoxicity in male Swiss albino mice. Twenty-five inbred weaned mice were randomly divided into five groups. Group I (Control group), were given routine diet. Treatments administered were: Group II (S. platensis extract 100 mg/kg/day), Group III (AFB1 200 µg/kg/day), Group IV (S. platensis extract 100 mg/kg/day and AFB1 200 µg/kg/day) and Group V (S. platensis extract 200 mg/kg/day and AFB1 200 µg/kg/day) for 28 consecutive days. Blood was aseptically collected and centrifuged to obtain serum. Quantitative determination of IgG, IgM and IgA in blood serum was done using ELIZA kits. One-way ANOVA data analysis was done. Post-hoc analysis was done using Tukey’s Honestly Significantly Differenced (HSD). P<0.05 statistical significance level was considered significant. Compared to group I (control), treatment with AFB1 200 µg/Kg/day (group III) led to reduced IgA (0.7147±0.001 vs. 0.7075±0.010); reduced IgM (0.0916±0.003 vs. 0.0866±0.019) and elevated IgG (0.1746±0.001 vs. 0.2808±0.243) mean levels. Supplementation of S. platensis extract 200 mg/Kg/day (group V) reversed the AFB1 (200 µg/kg/day)-induced depression of IgA levels (0.7124±0.005 vs. 0.7075±0.010; P=0.05437); IgM (0.1005±0.004 vs. 0.0866±0.019; P=0.0178); as well as the induced elevation of IgG levels (0.1749±0.001 vs. 0.2808±0.243; P=0.0155). In conclusion, immune changes in IgG and IgM caused by AFB1 could be reversed by supplementation of S. platensis extract.
Effect of Lifting Weight, Height and Asymmetry on Biomechanical Loading during Manual Lifting
Authors: Vijaywargiya Anurag , Bhiwapurkar Mahesh K. , Thirugnanam A
Published: March 2023

Introduction: In India, physical manual activities in asymmetrical postures overtax the human musculoskeletal system, which may exceed workers' physical limitations. Thus the purpose of this study was to examine the physical stresses experienced by the subject, based on subjective and biomechanical loading estimates while lifting weights to various heights, in an asymmetric direction and propose the safe limit for manual lifting.
Methods: A laboratory experiment was conducted utilizing twelve male subjects in the age group of 20 to 25 years who lifted 5 different weights between 10 to 20 kg from below the knee to various lifting heights (below the knee to ear level). The lifting task was performed in three asymmetric angles (45, 90, and 135-degree) using free-style lifting techniques. An ANOVA technique was used to analyze the influence of three parameters (Lifting weight, lifting height and asymmetric angle) on two responses; subjective estimates and biomechanical loading.  The subjective estimate was obtained using workload assessment by body discomfort chart. The biomechanical loading (loading rate) was estimated from ground reaction force data, obtained from the force plate.
Results: Both the responses; subjective estimates and biomechanical loading followed a consistent pattern in predicting physical stress. The result revealed that lifting weights with higher destination heights and asymmetry angles increased the physiological workload and discomfort. Experiments have shown that the loading rate is reduced by 8 to 10% for each increase in the 45-degree angle of asymmetry.
Conclusion: In general, safe lifting of 15 kg weight up to ear level and 15 kg weight up to shoulder level are recommended for 45- and 90-degree asymmetry respectively to prevent any chronic injuries. A maximum of 12.5 kg lifting weight up to shoulder level is also proposed.
Chromium toxicity among leather industry workers in Kolkata-A pilot Study
Authors: Maurya Pawan Kumar , Chakrabarti Amit , Saha Asim
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Chromium (Cr) exposure is known to cause various health issues such as cancer, dermatitis, respiratory problems, etc. The recent exposure of Cr can be determined by analysis of Cr either in blood/urine/plasma, Cr (III) ions cannot permeate through cell membranes of red blood cells (RBC) because their ionic radii are bigger as compared to Cr (VI), and hence Cr in RBC is an indicator for exposure to Cr (VI) ions. The purpose of this study was to investigate chromium exposure, hygienic habits and the occurrence of dermatological problems with leather industry workers in Kolkata.
Methods: A total of 68 leather industry workers with minimum work exposure of five years and aged between 18-60 years were recruited for this study. The study protocol included a questionnaire and analysis of Cr in blood and urine samples by GF-AAS.
Results: All values were under the Biological Exposure Index (BEI) of 25µg /L at the end of the shift of a five-day work week recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (AcGIH).  15.2% of subjects suffered from dermatological problems at least once in the last year during work in the leather industry.
Conclusion: It was found that leather industry workers were not using personal protective equipment and it must be promoted to them for occupational health and safety.
Congenital Chylothorax as a Cause of Non Immune Hydrops: A Case Report
Authors: Arora Sunita , Narang Gursharn Singh , Kaur Anmol , Kaur Taranjeet
Published: March 2023

Chylothorax is a rare cause of non immune hydrops fetalis & presents with respiratory distress at birth. We present a late preterm diagnosed antenatally as hydrops with chylothorax with bilateral pleural effusion and respiratory distress at birth requiring mechanical ventilation. Baby was managed successfully with intercostal drainage, octreotide infusion & MCT milk formula.
Pediatric Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Clinical Characteristics and Cycle Threshold Value (CT value) of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) of Nasopharyngeal Samples
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Arora Harmeet Singh , Marwah Vikas , Mishra Satish Chandra , Ravi Akhil K , Kalra Dinesh Kumar , Shaw Subhash Chandra
Published: March 2023

Introduction: We aimed to characterize epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and to evaluate relationship of cycle threshold value (CT value) of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test (As surrogate marker of viral load) with patient age and severity of infection.
Methods: We retrospectively collected data of children and adolescents admitted in our center from April 2020 to July 2020 with positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2.
Results: Total 62 children, with median (IQR) of age 96 (54 - 122) months and 39 adolescents with median (IQR) of age 19.5 (18.2 - 20) years were included. 56 (90%) children and 34 (87%) adolescents had history of SARSCoV-2 positive cases in their family. Only nine (14%) children had associated risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fever was the commonest symptom which was present in 24 (39%) children and 16 (41%) adolescents. Cough was present in 17 (27%) children and 10 (26%) adolescents. Diarrhea was found in 14 (23%) children and three (8%) adolescents. CT values of RT-PCR test were similar in children and adolescence (p = 0.48). However, asymptomatic children had higher CT values than symptomatic children (p = 0.01).
Conclusions: Majority of children have asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection with similar CT values in children and adolescents.
Post Traumatic Cerebellar Ataxia – A Least Pondered Diagnosis: A Case Report
Authors: Shobana Sridhar , Revathi Krishnakumar , Kumar Thirunavukkarasu Bharath
Published: March 2023

Ataxia means impaired co-ordination of voluntary muscle movement. It is a physical finding, not a disease and the underlying etiology needs to be investigated. It can be the patient’s presenting complaint or a component among other presenting symptoms. Cerebellar dysfunction or impaired vestibular or proprioceptive input to cerebellum can cause ataxia. Though there are several etiologies post infectious ataxia is the most common one in children. But other rare etiologies of ataxia should also be considered based on the clinical presentation. We try to emphasise on this point by presenting a case of post traumatic cerebellar ataxia – a rare entity in children.
Rare Clinico-radiological Syndrome Mimicking Transient Ischemic Attack - A Case Report
Authors: Sarathy Dinesh M. , Thandapani Kanimozhi , Arunagirinathan Arulkumaran , Amirthalingam Umamageshwari
Published: March 2023

Mild encephalitis / encephalopathy with reversible splenial syndrome (MERS) is a rare clinico-radiological entity characterized by mild to moderate neurological symptoms following a prodrome. Numerous infectious causes have been documented, most common being viruses and few bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella, Streptococcus & Legionella). MRI typically shows an isolated lesion in the splenium of corpus callosum, rarely in other white matter regions. Here, we discuss a 13 years old boy presenting to us like transient ischemic attack but turning out to be MERS on neuroimaging. The boy improved symptomatically in 72 hrs with spontaneous resolution within four weeks
Mean Platelet Volume as a Marker of Sepsis in Newborn
Authors: Patidar Shashikant , Baghel Prabhat Singh , Bajaj Naresh
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is the leading cause of death in developing country like India and we need early diagnosis and treatment to prevent mortality so we require better diagnostic marker for sepsis. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measure of average platelet volume which represents inflammatory burden of disease. In our study MPV rises in septic neonates significantly and can be helpful to diagnose sepsis early with other blood counts.
Methods: This case-control study was done on 500 newborns, out of which 452 included in study are classified into two groups that is group A (n = 226): apparently healthy neonates, group B (n = 226): diagnosed with neonatal sepsis by septic screening positive. All patients in the study were go through adequate valuation of their history, clinical examination, complete blood count including MPV, C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood culture.
Results: Septic neonates showed statistically higher values of MPV than the control group. The diagnostic cut-off value of MPV NS was 10.2 fl.
Conclusions: MPV which is a platelet index obtained from complete blood count can be used an additional marker along with established septic screen to ensure early diagnosis in neonatal sepsis.
Strengthening Childhood TB Management in Nepal: challenges, progress and lesson learned
Authors: Shrestha Suvesh Kumar , Bhattarai Rajan , Chettry Tara , Basnet Rajendra , Bhattarai Ratna , Thapa Anil , Tinkari Bhim Singh , Sharma Sharad Kumar , Rajbhandari Sagar Kumar , Bhattachan Anuj
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Childhood tuberculosis has always been in shadows as Nepal’s Tuberculosis Program focused mainly on adults TB resulting in under diagnose with less than 10% of total TB cases notified. Lack of political commitment; absence of guideline and working group, qualified health personnel and diagnostics tool were major implementation challenges.

Methodology: Assessment of childhood TB program was done and critical gap were identified. Childhood TB was prioritized in National TB strategic plan (2016-21). Collaborate with both international and national child experts, public and private organizations to develop guideline, building capacity of health care providers and establishing national working group. Childhood TB focused interventions were implemented in 40 high burden districts since March,2017 focusing on contact tracing, diagnosis, Prevention Therapy, malnourished children in the community and major hospitals.

Results : Political commitment and multi-sectoral involvement, to manage childhood TB was achieved. A total of 93 doctors were trained in the Childhood TB management training and were identified as focal persons to manage childhood TB in their respective regions. Child focused intervention from March 2018-19 resulted in the diagnosis of 521 TB cases among 38,987 malnourished children and1,764 children were enrolled under TPT after contact tracing of 59,742 family members. With political commitment, prioritization of childhood TB, collaboration of both government and non-government sectors and interventions focusing childhood TB, a significant achievement can be attained in childhood TB management.

Conclusion: Nepal has shown childhood TB management program can be strengthen if NTP prioritizes it, child focused interventions are implemented and collaborate with Child health division, pediatrics association, other government and non-government organizations to increase and strengthen the  program.
Editorial 18(1)
Authors: Lal Bibek Kumar
Published: March 2023

No  available.
Comparison of CD4 and CD8 Counts in HIV negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with Normal Healthy Controls in and around Prayagraj
Authors: Tariq Mahmood , Chandra Alok , Verma Arvind Kumar , Ahmad Vakeel , Pandey Vivek Kumar , Akarsh S , Kumar Pradeep , Agarwal Jitendra
Published: March 2023

Anti-tuberculosis immunity involves a cellular immune response for their control. A critical marker of immunologic integrity is the CD4 and CD8 cell counts. Tuberculosis may be a cause of non-HIV associated CD4 and CD8-T cell lymphopenia. This study compares mean CD4, CD8 cell count and CD4:CD8 Ratio in pulmonary tuberculosis patients never had treatment for tuberculosis, pulmonary tuberculosis patients had received anti-tuberculosis treatment for more than one month and normal healthy controls. A case control study done in Prayagraj from October 2019 to October 2020 includes HIV negative, sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients never had treatment for tuberculosis(n=25), pulmonary tuberculosis patients had received anti-tuberculosis treatment for more than one month(n=24), and normal healthy controls(n=36). We collected details including age, sex, symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis, anti-tuberculosis treatment and investigated for HIV testing by ELISA, Sputum for AFB, Sputum for CBNAAT, CD4 and CD8 cell count determined by flow cytometrically.
The mean CD4 and CD8 cell count was significantly lower in HIV negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients never had treatment for tuberculosis than in normal healthy controls (p value<0.001) and CD4:CD8 ratio also lower (p value=0.013). The mean CD4 and CD8 cell count higher in pulmonary tuberculosis patients who have received anti-tuberculosis treatment for more than one month than in pulmonary tuberculosis patients never had treatment for tuberculosis (p value<0.001) and CD4:CD8 ratio also higher (p value=0.013). CD4 and CD8 lymphopenia is an acceptable phenomenon in HIV negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients and such lymphopenia improves with anti-tuberculosis drug regimens as per protocol. This study highlights the importance of CD4, CD8 cellular immune response conducted by T- lymphocytes in outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis.
COVID-19 in Art Naïve HIV Positive Adult: Course of Presentation and Management
Authors: Bastola Anup , Pyakurel Prajjwal , Shrestha Sanjay , Maharjan Kijan , Neupane Jenish , Rijal Rishikesh , Myneedu Vithal Prasad
Published: March 2023

During the time of COVID-19 outbreak there is dilemma in diagnosis of acute lung infections. This is further hindered among immunocompromised patients due to bizarre clinical and radiological findings. We report young male severely immunocompromised HIV infected ART naïve patient presenting with acute onset of pneumonia and hypoxemia with SARS CoV-2 PCR positive.
Effect of Environment on the Performance of Plastics
Authors: Duvall Donald E.
Published: March 2023

With any polymeric material, chemical exposure may have one or more different effects. Some chemicals act as plasticizers, changing the polymer from one that is hard, stiff, and brittle to one which is softer, more flexible, and sometimes tougher. Often these chemicals can dissolve the polymer if they are present in large enough quantity and if the polymer is not crosslinked. Other chemicals can induce environmental stress cracking (ESC), an effect in which brittle fracture of a polymer will occur at a level of stress well below that required to cause failure in the absence of the ESC reagent. Finally, there are some chemicals that cause actual degradation of the polymer, breaking the macromolecular chains, reducing molecular weight, and diminishing polymer properties as a result. This article examines each of these effects. The discussion also covers the effects of surface embrittlement and temperature on polymer performance.
Wear Failure of Reinforced Polymers
Authors: Razavykia Abbas , Brusa Eugenio , Delprete Cristiana , Baldissera Paolo
Published: March 2023

Reinforced polymers (RPs) are widely used in structural, industrial, automotive, and engineering applications due to their ecofriendly nature and the potential to manipulate their properties. This article addresses the technical synthesis of RPs, referring to their tribological behavior, to provide insights into the contribution and interaction of influential parameters on the wear behavior of polymers. It provides a brief discussion on the effects of significant parameters on RP tribology. The article describes abrasive and adhesive wear and provides a theoretical synthesis of the literature regarding the wear mechanisms of RPs. It also describes the synthesis of abrasive wear failure of different types of RPs and highlights the contribution of these influential parameters. The article addresses the synthesis of adhesive wear failure of different types of RPs.
Accelerated Life Testing and Aging
Authors: Broughton William R. , Maxwell Antony S.
Published: March 2023

Accelerated life testing and aging methodologies are increasingly being used to generate engineering data for determining material property degradation and service life (or fitness for purpose) of plastic materials for hostile service conditions. This article presents an overview of accelerated life testing and aging of unreinforced and fiber-reinforced plastic materials for assessing long-term material properties and life expectancy in hostile service environments. It considers various environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, weathering, liquid chemicals (i.e., alkalis and acids), ionizing radiation, and biological degradation, along with the combined effects of mechanical stress, temperature, and moisture (including environmental stress corrosion). The article also includes information on the use of accelerated testing for predicting material property degradation and long-term performance.
Friction and Wear Testing
Authors: Van Meter Kylie E. , Krick Brandon A.
Published: March 2023

Tribology is the study of contacting materials in relative motion and more specifically the study of friction, wear, and lubrication. This article discusses the classification and the mechanisms of friction, wear, and lubrication of polymers. It describes the tribological applications of polymers and the tribometers and instrumentation used to measure the tribological properties of polymers. The article discusses the processes involved in calculating the wear rate of polymers and the methods of characterization of the sliding interface. It provides information on the pressure and velocity limit of polymer composites and polymer testing best practices.
Electrical Testing and Characterization of Plastics
Authors: Mas’ud Abdullahi Abubakar
Published: March 2023

This article addresses electrical testing and characterization of plastics and presents a number of techniques for evaluating the electrical properties of insulating materials, with a special focus on plastics, accompanied by a list of the electrical properties of different types of plastics. It provides the reader with sufficient information to select the appropriate electrical test(s) for a specific application. The tests covered in this article are widely used in industry to determine the electrical properties of insulating materials, particularly plastics. The article lists and defines terms used in connection with testing and specification of plastics for electrical applications.
Manufacturing-Related Failures of Plastic Parts
Authors: Shah Vishu
Published: March 2023

This article focuses on manufacturing-related failures of injection-molded plastic parts, although the concepts apply to all plastic manufacturing processes It provides detailed examples of failures due to improper material handling, drying, mixing of additives, and molecular packing and orientation. It also presents examples of failures stemming from material degradation improper use of metal inserts, weak weld lines, insufficient curing of thermosets, and inadequate mixing and impregnation in the case of thermoset composites.
Service Lifetime Assessment of Polymeric Products
Authors: Edwards Dale B. , Shah Anand R.
Published: March 2023

The lifetime assessment of polymeric products is complicated, and if the methodology utilized leads to inaccurate predictions, the mistakes could lead to financial loss as well as potential loss of life, depending on the service application of the product. This article provides information on the common aging mechanisms of polymeric materials and the common accelerated testing methods used to obtain relevant data that are used with the prediction models that enable service life assessment. Beginning with a discussion of what constitutes a product failure, this article then reviews four of the eight major aging mechanisms, namely environmental stress cracking, chemical degradation, creep, and fatigue, as well as the methods used in product service lifetime assessment for them. Later, several methods of service lifetime prediction that have gained industry-wide acceptance, namely the hydrostatic design basis approach, Miner's rule, the Arrhenius model, and the Paris Law for fatigue crack propagation, are discussed.
Engineering Plastics—An Introduction
Authors: Martin Peter
Published: March 2023

This introductory article describes the various aspects of chemical structure that are important to an understanding of polymer properties and thus their eventual effect on the end-use performance of engineering plastics. The polymers covered include hydrocarbon polymers, carbon-chain polymers, heterochain polymers, and polymers containing aromatic rings. The article also includes some general information on the classification and naming of polymers and plastics. The most important properties of polymers, namely, thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties, and the most significant influences of structure on those properties are then discussed. A variety of engineering thermoplastics, including some that are regarded as high-performance thermoplastics, are covered in this article. In addition, a few examples of commodity thermoplastics and biodegradable thermoplastics are presented for comparison. Finally, the properties and applications of six common thermosets are briefly considered.
Designing with Plastics
Authors: MacLean-Blevins Mark T. , Larson Eric R.
Published: March 2023

This article provides background information needed by design engineers to create part designs optimized for plastics and plastic manufacturing processes. It describes the four essential elements of plastic part development, namely, material, process, tooling, and design, and provides general design rules for the plastic forming processes covered. It also discusses the steps involved in design validation and verification.
Rheological Testing of Polymers
Authors: Kamykowski Gregory W.
Published: March 2023

Rheology is defined as the study of the flow and deformation of matter. This article begins with an examination of flow behavior. It describes the geometries and methods employed for rheological testing of polymers in their molten state. It also discusses materials that are predominantly in the solid state and the methods employed for solids testing. Examples of unidirectional and dynamic oscillatory testing are provided for different mechanical behaviors.