bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical Survey on the Sustainable Advancements in Water and Hydrology Resources with AI Implications for a Resilient Future
Authors: Bhadauria Alok , Reddy M. Siva Swetha , Asha V. , Nijhawan Ginni , Abdulhussein Hameed Ali , Pratap Bhishm
Published: July 2024

Water, as an indispensable element for all life forms, plays a crucial role in sustaining ecosystems and fostering biodiversity. Ensuring sustainability in water management practices is paramount to maintaining the delicate balance of nature. It acts as a medium for the movement of nutrients and waste products, metabolic reactions, and the preservation of cell structure. Since it can dissolve a large variety of things, water is frequently referred to as the universal solvent and is necessary for a variety of biological and chemical processes. The paper offers a thorough analysis of the most recent machine learning techniques applied to generation, prediction, enhancement, and classification work in the water sector, with a focus on sustainability. It also acts as a manual for leveraging existing deep learning techniques to address upcoming problems pertaining to water resources while ensuring long-term environmental sustainability. The ethical considerations surrounding the use of these technologies in water resource management and governance, as well as other important topics and concerns, are covered. Lastly, we offer suggestions and future possibilities for the use of machine learning models in sustainable water resources and hydrology.
Sustainability of Electrocoagulation Process in the Removal of Dicofol Pesticide using Aluminium Electrodes
Authors: Telagareddi Jayanth , Kiran Rajana Sai , John Nethala Finny , Naidu Pamu Appala , Vangalapati Meena
Published: July 2024

Because of its different concentrations, sewage can cause serious water pollution problems for aquatic organisms. Dicofol is a pesticide derived from organic chlorine that effectively targets ticks, though it is a subject of controversy because of its negative effects on the environment. In this study, an aluminium electrode was employed for the elimination of dicofol from a water-based solution through the process of electrocoagulation. Aluminium electrodes are characterized by SEM and FTIR techniques. The optimization process for several parameters such as the maximum removal percentage of Dicofol by APE was determined under the optimized conditions: electrolysis time, NaCl concentration, voltage, pH, initial Dicofol concentration. The pseudo-first-order rate constant of the aluminium plate electrodes was determined according to the results of the kinetic study. The electrical energy used to remove dicofol in the electrocoagulation process was determined on aluminium plate electrodes.
Analysis of the stir casting parameters of AI 6000 series composites using TOPSIS method
Authors: Rao Cheepurupalli N. , Thirunavukkarasu M. , Bharath Reddy Gunamgari , Subbu Ram. , Baloji Dharavath , Hassan Muntather M.
Published: July 2024

This research focuses on the impact of stir casting variables namely, Stir speed, Melt temperature, Percent of reinforcement and Stir time on two characteristics namely Ultimate tensile strength and wear rate of Al 6063/TiB2/Al2O3 hybrid composites using Taguchi method. It also aims at developing a multi-response optimization technique using Taguchi based TOPSIS. Through the experiments, it was found that the highest and the lowest value of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was in experiment 3 and 14 respectively. Likewise, the maximum and minimum wear rate (WTR) were noted down in the experiments 15 and 7, respectively. By using the TOPSIS method, the optimal solution for both UTS and WTR was identified to be the SD2 ‘ME3 PT4 SE1 set at 500 rpm, 800°C, 8 wt%, and 5 minutes. When the experiment was performed under these optimal conditions the tensile strength recorded were measured to be 229 MPa and wear rate of 0. 00272 mm3/Nm.
Assessing Eco-Friendly Alternatives: Composite Fibers and Recycled Plastics for Sustainable Impact and Efficiency
Authors: Katre Ravi , Bhavsar Keval , Salaam Ahmed , Rao G. Mallikarjuna , R J Anandhi , Singla Atul , Mahenderreddy M.
Published: July 2024

The chase for sustainability has driven awesome strides in composite fibers and recycled plastics, which have made viable options available in numerous areas. Composite fibers are known for their recordbreaking strength-to-weight proportions and capacity to serve numerous functions, that’s why they’re used all over from the automotive industry to aviation. But natural fibers are hydrophilic, so they do not mix well with hydrophobic matrices they need surface adjustments and fire retardant treatments to be utilized for composites to perform at their best. On the other hand, one of plastics’ most significant benefits is their recyclability, recycling programs can do a lot to tackle widespread plastic contamination. Recycling has positive environmental effects, but still there are major challenges when it comes to plastic recycling including contamination and all the different types of plastics that require sorting out. Promising answers can be offered to these issues through better approaches to sorting and recycling plastic waste. For instance, life cycle assessments and carbon footprint research are vital for deciding how much composite fibers influence the environment in comparison with conventional materials made from recycled plastics. In this study, we can see that all through their lifecycle composite fibers have been found to discharge minimal amounts of GHGs subsequently reducing energy use to reduce pollution. Similarly, the work on recycled plastics when compared with virgin ones lowers their impacts on the environment by saving landfills from plastic waste, reducing the demand for raw materials, and high in energy production techniques. In general terms, sustainable indicators are exceptionally imperative in ensuring that we make choices based on reliable information regarding environmentally sustainable practices and industrial applications that require solid and sustainable future transformation.
Innovative and Sustainable Transformation of Industrial Sector as a Green Manufacturing Approach
Authors: Kumar Pulkit , Yadav Dinesh , Salaam Ahmed , Devi P. Srividya , V Asha , Nijhawan Ginni , Nagaraju S.
Published: July 2024

The development of green manufacturing (GM) is a key approach to handle industrial challenges to the environment while advancing sustainable economic improvement. This paper profoundly discusses about GM’s standards, challenges, opportunities and changes that contribute to its significance and course of activity and reduces the burden on environment. It is an all-encompassing show of manufacturing that requires environmental responsibility from each phases of the product life cycle to make that Eco friendly. This includes the utilization of eco-friendly materials, implementation of a green plan, proficient waste administration, regulatory compliance as well as stakeholder engagement. In order to reduce environmental damage, preserve resources, and improve operational productivity within the production line through sustainability integration into production forms GM is executed. GM has different decision-making and operational techniques at core that are guided by several key standards and devices. These include waste reductions, energy-efficient items, and green plans. To reduce waste production, optimize energy utilization and accept the idea of sustainable design in arrange to empower natural moderation whereas progressing takes a toll possibility and asset utilization is what the producers can achieve. Effective GM arrangements have required collective exertion, authority, and regular growth. Even though challenges like adherence to adoption or a combination of innovations need to be covered, GM also speaks to major possible opportunities for development, secure funds, and market differentiation. Manufacturers who agreed to ecofriendly measures and misuse rising advances are projected to boost their worldwide recognition by upgrading competitiveness over industries as they contribute towards an economical and sustainable future. The future of GM is unusual due to the existence of unused patterns that are rising. Modern trends like artificial intelligence-based techniques, bio-based materials also blockchain innovation offer a lot of potential in terms of making assembly lines more economical and effective at the same time. It is expected that worldwide there will be an increasing focus on natural supportability with GM proceeding to be instrumental in forming the extension of the industry as well as advancing a more sustainable society that pampers all.
Enhancing sleep pattern assessment with biocompatible smart materials
Authors: Makwana Dhaval , Najah Zahraa , Soni Devendra , Valiveti Hima Bindu , Chandrashekar Rakesh , Nijhawan Ginni , Yakaiah P
Published: July 2024

Biomaterials with intelligence can respond to variations in physiological factors. Additionally, they react to external stimuli that influence many attributes of allopathic drugs (technological advances medicine). Smart biomaterials are employed in a variety of therapies to enhance the care of different illnesses. Bio-based smart materials can be molded into a variety of soft designs, such as textiles, hydrogel, membranes film, aerogels, nanofibers, and fabrics, which are advantageous for wearable sensors when compared to polymers generated from petroleum. In this paper, sleep patterns are examined closely in relation to mental health, with a particular focus on bio-signal processing in identifying sleep-related disorders. According to the study, sleep stage analysis is critical to improving therapeutic outcomes for individuals suffering from depression due to its physiological influence. Biologically compatible smart devices enhance advanced biological capture techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electromyography (EMG). As a result, these features increase sensor reliability, accuracy and reliability, ensuring high signal fidelity. The use of biocompatible smart-material based devices with artificial intelligence provides a revolutionary approach to the diagnosis of complex interconnected disorders of mental illness, sleep disorders and schizophrenia, including neural changes and its recurrence to identify sleep phases and identify trauma-related disturbances, and sophisticated machine learning provides in-depth insights.
Sustainable Manufacturing Practices: Evaluating the Environmental Benefits of Biodegradable Polymers and Recycled Metals
Authors: Shrivastava Anurag , Singh Akhilesh , Najah Zahraa , Hemalatha K. , R J Anandhi , Singh Navdeep , Patnala Harika
Published: July 2024

Among all industries looking for economic development and environmental responsibility, sustainable manufacturing has gained popularity worldwide. This study reviews how biodegradable polymers and recycled metals can be utilized to encourage sustainable manufacturing. In reality, biodegradable polymers are made from renewable materials such as starch or cellulose; hence they can be utilized rather than common plastics and they can avoid contamination caused by non-disposable polymers while at the same time improving resource productivity. Biodegradable polymers have found various applications in packaging, agriculture, and pharm sectors where they contribute towards sustainable product advancement through their potential to break down under certain conditions ensuring that no waste remains behind after usage. On the other hand, recycled metals are significant for accomplishing circularity in manufacturing systems and bringing down the natural impacts related to different stages of manufacturing processes. Recycled metals offer assistance to save natural resources, reduce energy utilization, and lower the amount of GHGs produced by mining and refining virgin ore. For sustainable manufacturing, this paper highlights participation as well as development and technology integration among other things. For instance; making eco-friendly materials may be one such activity while digitalizing production processes can be another great thought for improving environmental sustainability in the manufacturing sector. Moreover, this paper suggests a few areas that can foster greater natural protection amid production activities like switching over renewable sources of power supply for energy usage. These actions will not only guarantee economic development but also protect our environment because somehow they are interrelated to each other.
Thermal Analysis of Radiator Using Sustainable Graphene oxide Nanofluid Mixture of Ethylene Glycol and Water
Authors: Sonia Pankaj , Chandrashekar Rakesh , Hayder Nibras , Kumar Reddy K. Sunil , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Arora Deepika , Prasad N.E. Chandra
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the research is to determine if adding grapheme oxide (GO) fluids combined with EG (ethylene glycol) or water might boost the transfer of heat in automobile radiators. Radiators are essential parts of car cooling systems; they dissipate extra heat that the engine produces. The capacity of conventional coolants to transport temperature is limited, including Glycol and water. The ability to conduct heat may be improved with the use of nanoparticles fluids, which are basically solutions of particles in a base liquidize. This technique uses ethylene glycol and water to create a nanoparticles fluid by dispersing GO particles. Using experiments, the resilience or thermal features of the nanoparticle fluids are described. Next, utilizing an early version radiators arrangement, many heat transfer tests are carried out. In comparison to traditional coolants, the radiator’s ability to dissipate heat in various functioning circumstances has been assessed while utilizing the GO nanoparticles fluids together. Comparing the radiator’s heat transfer efficiency with plain ethylene glycol (or water, initial results indicate the addition with GO nanoparticles fluids improves it. Increased thermal conductivity in the nanoparticles fluids combination results in more efficient heat dissipation. For the purpose of to ensure the efficient utilization of the nanoparticles fluids on car cooling mechanisms, it is further evaluated for durability during extended exposure to elevated temperatures. The continued attempts to provide cutting-edge cooling systems for automotive applications are aided by this study. The results indicate that the use of GO nanoparticles fluids in conjunction with conventional coolants has a chance to improve car radiator thermal transfer or general efficiency. It is advised to carry out greater refinement and calibration research to fully realize the potential advantages of this unique coolant composition.
Compressive Strength Prediction Model of High Strength Concrete by Destructive and Nondestructive Technique
Authors: Singh Shobna , Alhussainy Ali K. , Panduri Bharathi , Rajalakshmi B. , Gupta Manish , Singh Harjeet , Reddy G. Chandramohan
Published: July 2024

Concrete’s compressive strength can be tested in a laboratory before construction begins. Since concrete is a natural material and cannot be destroyed, it is not possible to determine its compressive strength through destructive testing. Rebound hammers are typically used in the field to evaluate the structural elements’ ability to withstand hardened concrete. As part of the current study, a comparison was made between concrete’s compressive strength measured by destructive testing and its surface hardness measured by rebound hammering. Tests were conducted on laboratory-made concrete cubes in this study to determine destructive and non-destructive behavior. Minitab software was used for regression analysis. Schmidt rebound hammer tests, a type of nondestructive testing (NDT), were shown to have very strong relationships with concrete destructive compression tests. Schmidt rebound hammers are commonly used to measure the surface hardness of concrete, since the hammer rebound number and concrete strength are theoretically correlated. Utilising a Schmidt hammer, it was applied. Standard concrete cubes with crushing strengths between 20 and 30 MPa were created using various mix proportions. Using regression analysis, destructive and non-destructive values are correlated. The linear regression equation is well suited for obtaining the compressive strength using rebound value by using linear regression equation.
Integration of UPFC in Solar PV Systems for Enhanced Green Energy Transmission
Authors: Srivastava Shashank , Dutt Amit , Helena Raj Vijilius , Sri Lalitha Y. , Kalita Das Karabi , Saleh Mashkour Muthana , Kumar Ch. Srivardhan
Published: July 2024

The recent world is being focused on deriving methods for using renewable energy-based systems to meet the energy demands. There are various research areas to be focused upon for making the output from these energy systems more reliable and efficient. The focus of this paper is on examining on such key component, a Unified power flow Controller (UPFC) into solar Photovoltaic (PV) structures to enhance green energy transmission and efficiency. The UPFC structure has the benefits combining the STATCOM and SSSC, which is found to be vital in regulating the active and reactive power flows within the network, ensuring stability amidst system fluctuations. The software MATLAB/SIMULINK is being used for making a 400.0-kW PV-UPFC farm, the study explores the effect of UPFC on enhancing power quality and stability, addressing real-world challenges like harmonics and voltage fluctuations like sags/swells. The work also delves into novel control strategies, consisting of using Proportional-integral (PI) controllers and advanced optimization techniques, to manage the power flow effectively. It can be concluded that the research highlights the UPFC’s capability in mitigating issues inherent in integrating solar energy into the grid, inclusive of voltage rise, reverse power flow, and system instability, by means of showcasing more desirable system voltage profiles and decreased energy oscillations in the designed system.
Comparative Study Probabilistic Seismic Risk Assessment for Regular and Irregular RCC Buildings
Authors: Kaur Keer Priyameet , Nijhawan Ginni , Kiran Kumar Mamidi , Pahwa Shilpa , Kalra Ravi , Abdulhussein Al-Allak Mustafa , Kumar P. Pramod
Published: July 2024

In the study numerous buildings exhibit irregularities of their architectural plans, a feature that could render them susceptible to excessive seismic activities in the future. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the seismic vulnerability and response of regular and irregular shaped multi-storey building of identical weight in context. Both static and dynamic (response spectrum) analysis has been done to observe the influence of shape of a building on its responses to various loading. G+12 storied regular (rectangular) and irregular shaped buildings have been modeled using program staad pro for seismic zone III. Impact of wind and static load on exclusive formed shape along with dynamic response spectrum has been meticulously analyzed considering the mass of each shaped is identical. A comparative analysis of the center of mass and maximum displacement overstorey of variously shaped buildings under static loading and dynamic response spectrum has been conducted. All form buildings react nearly in sync if the total mass fluctuates only little. But as the end result indicates, a structure's irregular dimensions are what expose it to its vulnerable direction. It is possible to build an irregularly shaped structure that might act more like a rectangular building while keeping the total mass the same.
Agricultural By-products: Optimizing Production of Activated Carbon using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Saxena Abhishek , Raju Hemanth , Jain Alok , Anjaneyulu Madugula , Srivastava Arun Pratap , Zabibah Rahman S. , Gupta M. Satyanarayana
Published: July 2024

This study optimizes the production of activated carbon (AC) from two distinct agricultural wastes, barley husk and maize cob. The process is refined using the Taguchi method with the goal of enhancing water treatment techniques. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to make the transition towards renewable and affordable raw materials for the manufacturing of AC given the predicted expansion of the worldwide demand for AC. The study assessed the impact of four crucial variables on the production and quality of AC using a L9 orthogonal array: phosphoric acid concentration, heating by microwave time, power from the microwave, and nitrogen flow rate. Findings indicated that the most important element for maximizing the production of AC from these agricultural leftovers was microwave power, along with the percentage of phosphoric acid and the time frame of the heating process.
The Future of Smart Buildings: Integration of IoT in Construction Engineering
Authors: Shankar Raman Ravi , A B Gurulakshmi , Kansal Lavish , Banoth Ramesh , Meheta Ankit , Abdulhussein Hameed Ali , Maniraj K.
Published: July 2024

Internet of Things isn’t always approximately about the things themselves; it’s approximately being clever. IoT is real and helpful because of its ability to apply intelligence to sense facts, especially in the context of construction engineering. A smart building’s architecture is a great place to start as IoT is reshaping every aspect of a building, from design to occupancy to maintenance. The experience of workers, control, and tenants is being optimized through the use of IoT data to inform decision-making. Better facilities may simplify corporate processes and increase revenue in smarter homes. The goal of intelligent houses is sustainability. There are several methods for automating tasks with the Internet of Things. It is necessary to address every single facet of the building architecture. This article discusses the problems and technologies of IoT-based smart building architecture. The Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded systems provide the foundation of the “Smart Building” idea. Together with smart lighting in smart buildings and seismic detection, the model that is being shown has several features. When the smart lighting system turns on and off, it is determined by the amount of natural light available and the presence of people within the building. In order to reduce the amount of maintenance needed, smart dustbins that open up when they sense a person are available. Watering systems that are designed to measure the moisture content of the soil are extremely useful for the maintenance of lawns. A seismic activity detection module allows for early warnings of earthquakes and other seismic activity that may occur in the future. It has been successfully developed a smart building concept that uses Arduino and a cloud server to analyze the data gathered from the smart building.
Experimental Investigation into the Impact of Substituting Natural Sand with Manufactured Sand in Landfill Construction
Authors: Boddu Rajasekhar , Nijhawan Ginni , K S Prashanth , Saxena Abhishek , Kumar Pramod , Al-Saady Fouad A. , Veeranjaneyulu K.
Published: July 2024

There is a lower requirement for river sand in construction because of a number of logistical and environmental problems. In response to these issues, alternative materials are being increasingly recognized by the construction field progressively M. Sand, derived from the mining and processing of rocks that is a low-particle-size substitute to natural sand which demonstrates potential. Amongst its numerous applications are surface polishing, prefabricated cement components, hollow block development, and lightweight component production. Practitioners and researchers both have been giving special attention on the usage of M. sand in the last few years. This has led to further study into its suitability for replacing river sand in concrete production. The formulation of concrete blends using M. Sand has been made possible through various mix designs developed according to relevant design codes such as IS codes. An assessment of the mechanical properties and structural performance -of concrete containing M. Sand has been conducted using cubes, cylinders, and beams compared to traditional natural sand concrete. As a result of these tests, the compressive, flexural, and tensile strength properties of M. Sand and M. Sand can be compared, suggesting M. Sand has similar properties. Concrete construction applications can utilize sand as an environmentally sustainable and viable alternative to natural-river sand, thereby addressing sustainability concerns and resource scarcity concerns.
Comparative Study of RCC Rectangular Underground Water Tanks Considering earth quake and without earth quake condition
Authors: Gudapalli Karuna , Uma Reddy N.V. , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Srivastava Anurag , Kalra Ravi , Falah Hasan Zainab , Sravanthi
Published: July 2024

There are various kinds of water tanks and reservoirs that are used for storing different liquids such as water, petroleum, and chemicals. Residential and commercial use of water tanks is essential in order to meet the needs of those living in these places on a daily basis. During their lifetime, these tanks are subjected to the pressure of the water inside and the pressure of the earth outside. The tank bases are subjected to soil reaction from the bottom and internal water pressure from the inside. In order to protect them from top to bottom, they are always covered from top to bottom. Providing optimum height for easy pumping of water to the overhead tank is the purpose of this rectangular underground tank. Due to the underground nature of the water tank, lateral earth pressure and water pressure also need to be considered during design calculations, so the design must comply with IS code standards. An underground rectangular tank is designed in this project. Our project involves the design and research of an underground water tank capable of holding 3 lakh litters under earthquake conditions. The design in this project comprises of side walls, base slab and roof slab. STAD.PRO is used for the analysis and design of underground water tanks. For this design project limit state method is used. Researchers investigate parameters related to water tanks, including shear force and bending moment, to better understand how they respond to seismic forces, and to aid in more effective design and construction.
Comparative Study Dynamics Analysis of a Multi-story Building with and without a Floating Column
Authors: Raju T Hemanth , Venkata Rama Sundari Mandapati , Saxena Abhishek , Gupta Manish , Praveen  , Zabibah Rahman S. , Manideep B.
Published: July 2024

Parking spaces, lobby areas, terrace gardens, and other amenities are highly sought-after in densely populated urban regions. Although floating columns can be useful and an achievable choice, it is important to research their structural performance and cost-effectiveness in the event of substantial ground motion imposed on by an earthquake. A building’s overall dimensions, geometry, and shape all impact how it acts and acts when subjected to seismic loads. For this reason, it is necessary to assess how well floating column buildings perform in seismically vulnerable places in comparison to conventional buildings. In this work, the performance of structures with floating columns for seismic loading is observed using dynamic analytic techniques in accordance with IS 1893 (2005). This study analyses both the floating columns and the conventional building without floating columns. When compared to a regular building, the research reveals that the floating column buildings exhibit a very quick increase in base shear and story displacement. The horizontal displacements experienced by floating column buildings are proportionally larger due to an increase in the fundamental time period. If the lateral displacement exceeds the codespecified maximum limit, damage to structural and non-structural parts may result. Because of the discontinuity in the load distribution path, seismic base shear and overturning moment are also increasing in the case of buildings with floating columns. Additionally, while asymmetrically introducing floating columns, torsional irregularity has been produced but the modal mass participation ratio has decreased. While it is true that the use of floating columns in high-rise structures allows for continuous open floor plans, they are also dangerous and susceptible in seismically active locations
A Review on Innovations in Soil Remediation Techniques Using Machine Learning
Authors: Hajari Manu , Raj R Gowtham , Pal Thethi H. , Shankar Raman Ravi , Praveen  , Abdulhussein Al-Allak Mustafa , Balram Yelamasetti
Published: July 2024

The discharge of wastewater into the ecosystem has an impact on fish and human health, therefore the toxins needs to be removed. It is sustainable to remove pollutants from wastewater by utilizing biochar made from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) that has undergone thermal degradation. Because of it's large surface area, hollow structure, the oxygen groupings, and relatively low cost, bio Char is now known as a change rival in catalytic processes. Biochar was used in conjunction with a number of cutting-edge, creative technologies to treat wastewater efficiently. Details collected soil sampling, such as facts about the toxins current, the nature of the soil, its surrounding circumstances, and the efficacy of various rehabilitation methods, can be used to training machine learning methods. Through data analysis, machine learning models are able to spot relationships and trends which human beings might miss, which improves the accuracy of projections regarding the results of soil cleanup. The review paper outlines the challenges facing biochar-based enzymes using immediate and new technologies, along with emphasizes the application of algorithmic learning in pollution removal. Limitations and likelihoods for additional investigation are examined.
Comparative analysis of RCC and PT Slabs underneath Lateral Loading: A Structural study using ETABS
Authors: Dhamija Koushal , Naresh Kumar Varma Vegiraju , Gupta Manish , Raju T Hemanth , Praveen  , Zabibah Rahman S. , Uday Ranjan Goud Nayani
Published: July 2024

ETABS software is used to analyze the structural response of reinforced concrete (RCC) and post-tensioned (PT) slabs under lateral loading. This study investigates RCC and PT slabs’ behavior by using finite element analysis to determine bending moments, shear forces, and storey drift. Prestrassed slabs display lower bending moments and shear forces than RCC slabs, demonstrating the effectiveness of prestressing in reducing structural requirements. A reduction in storey drift also indicates improved resistance to lateral deformations in PT slabs. In terms of structural performance and cost-effectiveness, PT slabs offer potential benefits for constructing layouts and construction, making them an attractive choice.
Grid Secondary Frequency Control by Fuzzy PI–PD Controller
Authors: Rapolu Ganesh , Dola Gobinda Padhan , Chandra Prakash D. , Hussain Muhamed
Published: July 2024

This paper develops a new approach for controlling the frequency in a two-area power system using a fuzzy PI PD controller. Frequency stabilization is one of the important factors for any power system to operate efficiently and reliably. The fluctuating characteristics of RES, like solar PV and wind energy, due to changing atmospheric conditions, require additional reserves to compensate for fluctuations in generated power. With growing application of EVs and their charging requirement, charting huge loads may add to the power grid and lead to stability problems if not properly regulated. This paper coordinates EV charging into the secondary frequency regulation, aided by an enhanced fuzzy controller designed for dealing with fluctuating imbalances between electricity demand and generation. In this context, a control technique is suggested that incorporates the flexibility of fuzzy logic with the accurate PI and PD methods for control. The controller continuously monitors changes in frequency at each node in the power system network. The fuzzy logic works on uncertain input data in terms of prescribed linguistic variables and rules that allow it to achieve a reasoned output. The difference between the desired and actual frequencies alters the control variable through the PI component of the controller, while the PD component considers the rate of change of this error to make the system's response time better. The effectiveness of the fuzzy PI PD controller is proven through detailed simulation experiments under different operational conditions and disturbances. It can be rundown that the controller efficiently reduces these frequency deviations, which guarantees smooth and reliable operation of the two-area power system network. In addition, it can be seen that the controller has robust performance but is rather reactive to dynamical changes in system parameters. Case studies are included in the research to test the performance of the proposed control approach in reducing frequency deviations; simulation findings always prove its efficacy. This paper therefore presents a complex method of frequency regulation in power systems using fuzzy logic and combined PI PD control to deal with problems caused by RES integration and EV charging. The proposed technique enhances the frequency stability in order to enhance both the reliability and efficiency of power grid operations due to the ever-changing energy demands and conditions.
Performance analysis of solid-state batteries in Electric vehicle applications
Authors: Bobba Phaneendra Babu , Yerraguntla Lakshmi Sri Harshitha , Pisini Sathvika , Bhupathi H.P. , D Srinivas , Hassan M.M.
Published: July 2024

In recent years solid-state batteries, have emerged leading research focus, due to their distinct advantages over conventional batteries. Solid-state batteries, having solid electrolytes, offer higher energy and power density, enhanced safety features and longer lifespan. This makes them ideal in fulfilling demand for energy storage in electric vehicle, and smart grid applications. This study aims to evaluate various types of solid-state batteries, analysing their properties, advantages, and disadvantages, assessing their viability in EV applications. The objective is to identify and recommend the most effective solid-state battery that aligns with the specific demands and operational conditions of electric vehicles and conduct a comprehensive analysis of anode and cathode elements of one of the solid-state batteries in their fresh and damaged state using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Incentive mechanism for allocating wastewater discharge responsibility based on cooperative game theory
Authors: Li Yue , Chen Xudong , Zhang Qiufeng , Lv Yangxi , Zhang Zixuan , Feng Xue
Published: July 2024

Clarifying responsibility for wastewater discharges and enhancing reasonable allocation of wastewater emission permits are critical for controlling wastewater discharge in the context global sustainable development plans. The traditional wastewater allocation approach has several drawbacks, such as sub-regional "free-riding," imbalanced regional development and demand, and unfair allocation mechanism. This study developed a model based on cooperative game theory to allocate responsibility for wastewater discharge in China's Tuojiang River Basin. In this model, the level of impact of a watershed sub-region on the water environment is determined, according to which the wastewater discharge responsibility is assigned. The stronger the impact of upstream sub-regions on downstream wastewater discharge, the greater the responsibility for wastewater discharge. Furthermore, by implementing the wastewater cooperation model, sub-regions can monitor and incentivize each other, through which wastewater discharges can be reduced by 16.38%, compared to the baseline mechanism and overall discharges can be reduced by 5007.99 tons. This study provides recommendations for appropriate management authorities to improve the allocation of wastewater discharge responsibility at the watershed scale.
Advances in blood pressure monitoring illuminate path forward for more comfortable devices
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: July 2024

Non-invasive, light-based photoplethysmography sees improvements that boost device reliability for future continuous blood pressure readings, including during sleep.
Robot dolphin can swim, hover, and walk like its natural counterparts
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: July 2024

In simulations, dolphin-inspired autonomous underwater vehicle can mimic dolphin’s ability to remain upright at the water surface.
The structure and mechanics of the cell cortex depend on the location and adhesion state
Authors: Flormann D. A. D. , Kainka L. , Montalvo G. , Anton C. , Rheinlaender J. , Thalla D. , Vesperini D. , Pohland M. O. , Kaub K. H. , Schu M. , Pezzano F. , Ruprecht V. , Terriac E. , Hawkins R. J. , Lautenschläger F.
Published: July 2024

Cells exist in different phenotypes and can transition between them. A phenotype may be characterized by many different aspects. Here, we focus on the example of whether the cell is adhered or suspended and choose particular parameters related to the structure and mechanics of the actin cortex. The cortex is essential to cell mechanics, morphology, and function, such as for adhesion, migration, and division of animal cells. To predict and control cellular functions and prevent malfunctioning, it is necessary to understand the actin cortex. The structure of the cortex governs cell mechanics; however, the relationship between the architecture and mechanics of the cortex is not yet well enough understood to be able to predict one from the other. Therefore, we quantitatively measured structural and mechanical cortex parameters, including cortical thickness, cortex mesh size, actin bundling, and cortex stiffness. These measurements required developing a combination of measurement techniques in scanning electron, expansion, confocal, and atomic force microscopy. We found that the structure and mechanics of the cortex of cells in interphase are different depending on whether the cell is suspended or adhered. We deduced general correlations between structural and mechanical properties and show how these findings can be explained within the framework of semiflexible polymer network theory. We tested the model predictions by perturbing the properties of the actin within the cortex using compounds. Our work provides an important step toward predictions of cell mechanics from cortical structures and suggests how cortex remodeling between different phenotypes impacts the mechanical properties of cells.
Spatial molecular profiling of mixed invasive ductal and lobular breast cancers reveals heterogeneity in intrinsic molecular subtypes, oncogenic signatures, and mutations
Authors: Shah Osama Shiraz , Nasrazadani Azadeh , Foldi Julia , Atkinson Jennifer M. , Kleer Celina G. , McAuliffe Priscilla F. , Johnston Tyler J. , Stallaert Wayne , da Silva Edaise M. , Selenica Pier , Dopeso Higinio , Pareja Fresia , Mandelker Diana , Weigelt Britta , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Bhargava Rohit , Lucas Peter C. , Lee Adrian V. , Oesterreich Steffi
Published: July 2024

Mixed invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma (MDLC) is a rare histologic subtype of breast cancer displaying both E-cadherin positive ductal and E-cadherin negative lobular morphologies within the same tumor, posing challenges with regard to anticipated clinical management. It remains unclear whether these distinct morphologies also have distinct biology and risk of recurrence. Our spatially resolved transcriptomic, genomic, and single-cell profiling revealed clinically significant differences between ductal and lobular tumor regions including distinct intrinsic subtype heterogeneity – e.g., MDLC with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) or basal ductal and estrogen receptor positive (ER+) luminal lobular regions, distinct enrichment of cell cycle arrest/senescence and oncogenic (ER and
MYC
) signatures, genetic and epigenetic
CDH1
inactivation in lobular but not ductal regions, and single-cell ductal and lobular subpopulations with unique oncogenic signatures further highlighting intraregional heterogeneity. Altogether, we demonstrated that the intratumoral morphological/histological heterogeneity within MDLC is underpinned by intrinsic subtype and oncogenic heterogeneity which may result in prognostic uncertainty and therapeutic dilemma.
Synergistic material–microbe interface toward deeper anaerobic defluorination
Authors: Che Shun , Guan Xun , Rodrigues Roselyn , Yu Yaochun , Xie Yongchao , Liu Chong , Men Yujie
Published: July 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), particularly the perfluorinated ones, are recalcitrant to biodegradation. By integrating an enrichment culture of reductive defluorination with biocompatible electrodes for the electrochemical process, a deeper defluorination of a C
6
-perfluorinated unsaturated PFAS was achieved compared to the biological or electrochemical system alone. Two synergies in the bioelectrochemical system were identified: i) The in-series microbial-electrochemical defluorination and ii) the electrochemically enabled microbial defluorination of intermediates. These synergies at the material–microbe interfaces surpassed the limitation of microbial defluorination and further turned the biotransformation end products into less fluorinated products, which could be less toxic and more biodegradable in the environment. This material–microbe hybrid system brings opportunities in the bioremediation of PFAS driven by renewable electricity and warrants future research on mechanistic understanding of defluorinating and electroactive microorganisms at the material–microbe interface for system optimizations.
Pink noise promotes sooner state transitions during bimanual coordination
Authors: Brink Kolby J. , Kim Seung Kyeom , Sommerfeld Joel H. , Amazeen Polemnia G. , Stergiou Nikolaos , Likens Aaron D.
Published: July 2024

The seemingly straightforward task of tying one’s shoes requires a sophisticated interplay of joints, muscles, and neural pathways, posing a formidable challenge for researchers studying the intricacies of coordination. A widely accepted framework for measuring coordinated behavior is the Haken–Kelso–Bunz (HKB) model. However, a significant limitation of this model is its lack of accounting for the diverse variability structures inherent in the coordinated systems it frequently models. Variability is a pervasive phenomenon across various biological and physical systems, and it changes in healthy adults, older adults, and pathological populations. Here, we show, both empirically and with simulations, that manipulating the variability in coordinated movements significantly impacts the ability to change coordination patterns—a fundamental feature of the HKB model. Our results demonstrate that synchronized bimanual coordination, mirroring a state of healthy variability, instigates earlier transitions of coordinated movements compared to other variability conditions. This suggests a heightened adaptability when movements possess a healthy variability. We anticipate our study to show the necessity of adapting the HKB model to encompass variability, particularly in predictive applications such as neuroimaging, cognition, skill development, biomechanics, and beyond.
Patagonian dust, Agulhas Current, and Antarctic ice-rafted debris contributions to the South Atlantic Ocean over the past 150,000 years
Authors: Barkley Anne E. , Winckler Gisela , Recasens Cristina , Kaplan Michael R. , Koffman Bess G. , Calabozo Fernando , Middleton Jennifer L. , Anderson Robert F. , Cai Yue , Bolge Louise , Longman Jack , Goldstein Steven L.
Published: July 2024

Disentangling inputs of aeolian dust, ice-rafted debris (IRD), and eroded continental detritus delivered by ocean currents to marine sediments provide important insights into Earth System processes and climate. This study uses Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios of the continent-derived (lithogenic) fraction in deep-sea core TN057-6 from the subantarctic Southern Ocean southwest of Africa over the past 150,000 y to identify source regions and quantify their relative contributions and fluxes utilizing a mixing model set in a Bayesian framework. The data are compared with proxies from parallel core Ocean Drilling Program Site 1090 and newly presented data from potential South America aeolian dust source areas (PSAs), allowing for an integrated investigation into atmospheric, oceanic, and cryospheric dynamics. PSA inputs varied on glacial/interglacial timescales, with southern South American sources dominating up to 88% of the lithogenic fraction (mainly Patagonia, which provided up to 68%) during cold periods, while southern African sources were more important during interglacials. During the warmer Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 of the last glacial period, lithogenic fluxes were twice that of colder MIS2 and MIS4 at times, and showed unique isotope ratios best explained by Antarctic-derived IRD, likely from the Weddell Sea. The IRD intrusions contributed up to 41% at times and followed Antarctic millennial warming events that raised temperatures, causing instability of icesheet margins. High IRD was synchronous with increased bioavailable iron, nutrient utilization, high biological productivity, and decreased atmospheric CO
2
. Overall, TN057-6 sediments record systematic Southern Hemisphere climate shifts and cryospheric changes that impacted biogeochemical cycling on both glacial/interglacial and subglacial timescales.
Transition of signal requirement in hematopoietic stem cell development from hemogenic endothelial cells
Authors: Morino-Koga Saori , Tsuruda Mariko , Zhao Xueyu , Oshiro Shogo , Yokomizo Tomomasa , Yamane Mariko , Tanigawa Shunsuke , Miike Koichiro , Usuki Shingo , Yasunaga Kei-ichiro , Nishinakamura Ryuichi , Suda Toshio , Ogawa Minetaro
Published: July 2024

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) develop from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) in vivo during mouse embryogenesis. When cultured in vitro, cells from the embryo phenotypically defined as pre-HSC-I and pre-HSC-II have the potential to differentiate into HSCs. However, minimal factors required for HSC induction from HECs have not yet been determined. In this study, we demonstrated that stem cell factor (SCF) and thrombopoietin (TPO) induced engrafting HSCs from embryonic day (E) 11.5 pre-HSC-I in a serum-free and feeder-free culture condition. In contrast, E10.5 pre-HSC-I and HECs required an endothelial cell layer in addition to SCF and TPO to differentiate into HSCs. A single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of E10.5 to 11.5 dorsal aortae with surrounding tissues and fetal livers detected TPO expression confined in hepatoblasts, while SCF was expressed in various tissues, including endothelial cells and hepatoblasts. Our results suggest a transition of signal requirement during HSC development from HECs. The differentiation of E10.5 HECs to E11.5 pre-HSC-I in the aorta–gonad–mesonephros region depends on SCF and endothelial cell-derived factors. Subsequently, SCF and TPO drive the differentiation of E11.5 pre-HSC-I to pre-HSC-II/HSCs in the fetal liver. The culture system established in this study provides a beneficial tool for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of HSCs from HECs.