bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biophysical and structural insights into AAV genome ejection
Authors: Gliwa Keely , Hull Joshua , Kansol Austin , Zembruski Victoria , Lakshmanan Renuk , Mietzsch Mario , Chipman Paul , Bennett Antonette , McKenna Robert
Published: February 2025

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is comprised of non-enveloped capsids that can package a therapeutic transgene and are currently being developed and utilized as gene therapy vectors. The therapeutic efficiency of rAAV is dependent on successful cytoplasmic trafficking and transgene delivery to the nucleus. It is hypothesized that an increased understanding of the effects of the cellular environment and biophysical properties of the capsid as it traffics to the nucleus could provide insight to improve vector efficiency. The AAV capsid is exposed to increasing [H
+
] during endo-lysosomal trafficking. Exposure to low pH facilitates the externalization of the viral protein 1 unique region (VP1u). This VP1u contains a phospholipase A2 domain required for endosomal escape and nuclear localization signals that facilitate nuclear targeting and entry. The viral genome is released either after total capsid disassembly or via a concerted DNA ejection mechanism in the nucleus. This study presents the characterization of genome ejection (GE) for two diverse serotypes, AAV2 and AAV5, using temperature. The temperature required to disassemble the virus capsid (T
M
) is significantly higher than the temperature required to expose the transgene (T
E
) for both serotypes. This was verified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the absence of VP1/VP2 in the capsids and a decrease in pH increase the temperature of GE. Furthermore, cryo-electron microscopy structures of the AAV5 capsid pre- and post-GE reveal dynamics at the twofold, threefold, and fivefold regions of the capsid interior consistent with a concerted egress of the viral genome.

IMPORTANCE

The development of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) capsids has grown rapidly in recent years, with five of the eight established therapeutics gaining approval in the past 2 years alone. Clinical progression with AAV2 and AAV5 represents a growing need to further characterize the molecular biology of these viruses. The goal of AAV-based gene therapy is to treat monogenic disorders with a vector-delivered transgene to provide wild-type protein function. A better understanding of the dynamics and conditions enabling transgene release may improve therapeutic efficiency. In addition to their clinical importance, AAV2 and 5 were chosen in this study for their diverse antigenic and biophysical properties compared to more closely related serotypes. Characterization of a shared genome ejection process may imply a conserved mechanism for all rAAV therapies.
Longitudinal changes in the transcriptionally active and intact HIV reservoir after starting ART during acute infection
Authors: Janssens Julie , Wedrychowski Adam , Kim Sun Jin , Isbell Cordelia , Hoh Rebecca , Pillai Satish K. , Henrich Timothy J. , Deeks Steven G. , Roan Nadia R. , Lee Sulggi A. , Yukl Steven A.
Published: February 2025

Even in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, there are heterogeneous populations of HIV-expressing cells exhibiting variable degrees of progression through blocks to HIV transcriptional initiation, elongation, completion, and splicing. These HIV-transcribing cells likely contribute to HIV-associated immune activation and inflammation as well as the viral rebound that occurs after stopping ART. However, it is unclear whether the blocks to HIV transcription are present before ART and how the timing and duration of ART may affect the clearance of cells expressing HIV transcripts that differ in their processivity and/or presence of mutations. To investigate these questions, we quantified different types of HIV transcripts and the corresponding HIV DNA regions/proviruses in longitudinal blood samples obtained before ART initiation (T1) and after 6 months (T2) and 1 year (T3) of ART in 16 individuals who initiated ART during acute HIV infection. Before ART, the pattern of HIV transcripts suggested blocks to elongation and splicing, and only ~10% of intact proviruses were transcribing intact HIV RNA. During the first 6 months of ART, we detected progressively greater reductions in initiated, 5′-elongated, mid-transcribed, completed, and multiply spliced HIV transcripts. Completed HIV RNA decayed faster than initiated or 5′-elongated HIV RNA, and intact HIV RNA tended to decay faster than defective HIV RNA. HIV DNA and RNA levels at T1–T3 correlated inversely with baseline CD4+ T-cell counts. Our findings suggest the existence of immune responses that act selectively to reduce HIV transcriptional completion and/or preferentially kill cells making completed or intact HIV RNA.

IMPORTANCE

Even in virologically suppressed HIV-infected individuals, expression of viral products from both intact and defective proviruses may contribute to HIV-associated immune activation and inflammation, which are thought to underlie the organ damage that persists despite suppressive ART. We investigated how the timing of ART initiation and the duration of ART affect the heterogeneous populations of HIV-transcribing cells, including a detailed characterization of the different HIV transcripts produced before ART and the rate at which they decay after ART initiation during acute HIV infection. Even during untreated infection, most cells (~90%) have blocks at some stage of transcription. Furthermore, different HIV transcripts decline at different rates on ART, with the fastest decay of cells making completed and intact HIV RNA. Our results suggest that intrinsic or extrinsic immune responses act selectively to either reduce particular stages of HIV transcription or cause selective killing of cells making particular HIV transcripts.
Effect of host telomerase inhibition on human cytomegalovirus
Authors: Cavanaugh Chloe M. , Betsinger Cora N. , Katchur Nicole , Zhang Sherry , Yang Karen , Nogalski Maciej , Cristea Ileana M. , Notterman Daniel
Published: February 2025

Treatment options remain limited for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Host telomerase has been implicated in the pathogenesis and oncogenesis of multiple herpesviruses, most recently including HCMV. In this study, we investigated the effect of telomerase inhibition on HCMV replication, as well as the mechanism of the interaction between HCMV and host telomerase
in vitro
. We found that lytic HCMV infection increases host telomerase activity, at least in part, through modulation of hTERT expression during earlier phases of the HCMV replication cycle. We found telomerase inhibition strongly reduced viral titer for two HCMV strains in a dose-specific manner. Both post-translational pharmaceutical telomerase inhibition and siRNA-mediated knockdown of hTERT reduce HCMV yield. Telomerase inhibition results in both reduction of viral gene and protein expression across the HCMV replication cycle, and suppressed viral genome replication and viral infectivity, suggesting interference with at least early steps of the HCMV viral life cycle. Altogether, our findings indicate telomerase plays an important, perhaps non-canonical role in lytic HCMV infection which includes the support of viral replication and infectivity.

IMPORTANCE

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) seroprevalence and morbidity in immunocompromised patients and neonates infected
in utero
remain high globally. Host telomerase has been implicated in the success of multiple infection-induced pathologies, including the success of both lytic infection and oncogenesis in certain herpesviruses. The results of this study suggest a similar biologically important role for host telomerase in lytic HCMV infection. Furthermore, these results may provide the potential for a novel, adjunctive anti-viral treatment for HCMV infection as well as insight into the viral products likely to be involved with HCMV regulation of telomerase.
The Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 protein concentrates ER membranes in a cytoskeleton-independent manner to facilitate viral replication
Authors: Xie Shengda , Lin Xinxin , Yang Qing , Shi Miaolei , Yang Xingmiao , Cao Ziyu , Cao Ruibing
Published: February 2025

Orthoflaviviruses remodel the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network to construct replication organelles (ROs) for RNA replication. In this study, we demonstrate that the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) NS1 protein concentrates ER membranes in the perinuclear region, which provides a substantial membrane source for viral replication. Subsequently, the virus forms main replication organelles within this membrane-concentrated area to facilitate efficient replication. This process relies on the ER localization signal, glycosylation, dimerization, and membrane-binding sites of the NS1 protein. In conclusion, our study highlights the role of the NS1 protein in the formation of the ROs by JEV, providing new insights into orthoflavivirus replication.

IMPORTANCE

Orthoflaviviruses use the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes for replication by forming invaginations to assemble the replication organelles. Here, we found that Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) utilizes the NS1 protein to concentrate a significant number of ER membranes in the perinuclear area, thereby providing a membrane source for viral replication and facilitating the formation of main replication organelles (MROs). This process depends on the ER localization signals of NS1, as well as its glycosylation, dimerization, and membrane-binding sites, but not on the cytoskeleton. In summary, our study highlights how NS1 remodels ER membranes to facilitate the formation of MROs for JEV, thereby accelerating viral replication.
Understanding road accident injury dynamics in Iran: a growth mixture modelling perspective
Authors: Zarrin Ziba , Gholamizadeh Kamran , Talebi-Ghane Elaheh , Ayubi Erfan , Hamidi Omid
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Road traffic injuries represent a significant public health concern globally. In Iran, road accidents have become a leading cause of death and disability, necessitating urgent attention to injury prevention strategies. This study aims to analyse the trends in injuries resulting from road accidents over a decade. Understanding these trends is crucial for informing targeted interventions and resource allocation, ultimately contributing to the reduction of road traffic injuries.

Design

Ecological study.

Setting

The data were obtained from the official database of the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, which includes the injury rates of all provinces due to road accidents, from 2012 to 2021.

Participants

All records registered with injuries due to road traffic accidents across Iranian provinces.

Outcome measures

The incidence and average annual percentage of injury rates across provinces were illustrated using a map. A piecewise linear mixed-effects model was employed to estimate trends in injury rates, by gender. To identify distinct clusters of provinces exhibiting similar trends in injury rates, a growth mixture model was used over the 10 years.

Results

Among provinces, Qom (95% CI 18.99 to 37.21) and Sistan and Baluchestan (95% CI 5.41 to 7.66) had the highest and lowest injury rates over the decade, respectively. The annual rate of injuries in Iran increased by 0.52% from 2012 to 2018 and then gradually decreased by 1.16% after 2018. Four distinct classes were identified for the trend of injury rates over the decade: one cluster exhibited a significant decline, two clusters showed sharp increases and the last one had a steady trend.

Conclusions

These results contribute valuable insights into the dynamics of road accident-related injuries in Iran, offering a nuanced understanding of both overarching national trends and the unique patterns observed across provinces. Such knowledge can serve as a foundation for targeted interventions and policy formulations aimed at mitigating the impact of road accidents on public health and safety.
Beyond the embrace: a phenomenological qualitative exploration of the impact of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on couple relationships in China
Authors: He Yiyin , Chen Peizhen , He Chunmei , Ding Jufang , Guo Hongqing , Ding Xin , Yao Wenying
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To explore the impact of kangaroo mother care (KMC), involving both mothers and fathers, on the dynamics of couple relationships.

Design

Qualitative phenomenological study.

Setting

A regional comprehensive centre for child healthcare.

Participants

11 couples engaged in KMC with their infants. We created a semistructured interview guide to conduct face-to-face interviews separately with both wives and husbands. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis technique.

Results

Analysis of participants’ narratives revealed three pivotal themes: ‘strengthening of couple relationship’, ‘role adaptation and redefinition’ and ‘conflicts and resolution’. These themes collectively illustrated the complex interplay between enhanced emotional intimacy, renegotiated parental roles and the navigation of conflicts within the context of neonatal caregiving.

Conclusions

KMC may have effects on couple relationships beyond its immediate benefits for the infant. It may potentially influence the emotional and relational dynamics between partners. Couples' experiences with KMC practices are multifaceted and complex. Through the intimate act of KMC, couples may experience a deepening of emotional bonds, redefinition of roles and identities, and encounter both challenges and opportunities for conflict resolution. Adopting a more holistic approach to neonatal care including attention to the couple’s relationship and engaging in KMC is suggested.
Examining the association between child development and parental mental health after preterm birth-related stress: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Muller Kirsten S , van den Bosch Gerbrich E , Henke Celina E , Daams Joost G , Haverman Lotte , Aarnoudse-Moens Cornelieke S H
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation are generally admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to receive life-saving treatment, resulting in early exposure to stressful events. Yet, NICU admission is not only stressful for the infant but can also have a long-lasting negative impact on parental mental health, who may worry about their child. Parental mental health problems might affect child development through parental behaviour and the parent–infant relationship. Simultaneously, adverse child development after preterm birth can (further) elevate parental stress and mental health problems, straining parental behaviour, the parent–infant relationship and child development. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to examine the association between preterm-born children’s development (<32 weeks’ gestation) and parental mental health after preterm birth-related stress following NICU admission at any point in time.

Methods and analysis

A systematic review will be performed and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A concept-based search on preterm birth, child development and parental mental health is performed using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library on 22 March 2024. Eligible are studies with original results on the association between child development after preterm birth (<32 weeks’ gestation) and parental mental health. Independent reviewers will screen the articles, assess study quality using a Newcastle-Ottawa or Cochrane tool and determine the quality of evidence using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Meta-analyses are planned on the association between child development and parental mental health after preterm birth.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval is required. The results will enhance knowledge of the association between child development and parental mental health after preterm birth-related stress following NICU admission. This might lead to adjustments in follow-up care, optimising outcomes for infants and parents. Findings will be published in an international, peer-reviewed ad open-access journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024518307.
Cohort profile: Outcome Monitoring After Cardiac Surgery (OMACS) – a prospective UK cohort study of cardiac surgery patients at the Bristol Heart Institute
Authors: Joyce Katherine , Maishman Rachel , Walker-Smith Terrie , Smartt Helena , Hopkins Emma , Lambert Penny , Angelini Gianni , Rogers Chris A , Reeves Barnaby , Brierley Rachel , Culliford Lucy
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The Outcome Monitoring After Cardiac Surgery (OMACS) cohort study was set-up with the aim of establishing a rich source of biological samples and health status data from patients who undergo cardiac surgery. The objectives were to use these data to inform the design of new clinical studies and to provide samples and data to answer research questions.

Participants

Recruitment began on 23 May 2016 and ended 31 May 2022. Adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust were screened and approached for consent. Participants could optionally consent to provide biological samples (urine, blood and waste tissue) in addition to data. A total of 4068 patients consented to participate in the study with 2027 consenting to donate samples. Participants were sent quality-of-life follow-up questionnaires at 3 and 12 months after surgery. The clinical data were collected from hospital records/databases.

Findings to date

The OMACS population appears to be representative of the wider cardiac surgery population with similar preoperative demography to those reported on the UK surgery population. To date, eight studies have been carried out by research teams using data from a total of 1165 OMACS participants. Two Studies Within A Trial have been performed by the OMACS study team. The format of the study patient information leaflet was not significantly associated with an increased recruitment rate, and an alternative theory-informed cover letter included with the 12-month follow-up questionnaires was not associated with an increase in questionnaire completion. Additional exploratory research carried out within the OMACS study has been presented at international conferences.

Future plans

The OMACS study is now closed. The cohort’s data and samples will be available to share with researchers, providing an opportunity to answer a variety of research questions (eg, evaluating predictors of adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery such as biomarkers, surgical methods and pre-existing conditions). The data and samples will be available for sharing in a linked anonymised format.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN90204321(date assigned: 21 January 2015).
HER-SAFE study design: an open-label, randomised controlled trial to investigate the safety of withdrawal of pharmacological treatment for recovered HER2-targeted therapy-related cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Dowsing Benjamin , Dehbi Hakim-Moulay , Chung Robin , Pedra Joanna , Worn Orla , Artico Jessica , Schmid Peter , Roylance Rebecca , Kellman Peter , Moon James C , Crake Tom , Westwood Mark , Ghosh Arjun , Andres Maria Sol , Nazir Muhummad Sohaib , Lyon Alexander R , Chen Daniel , Walker Malcolm , Manisty Charlotte H
Published: February 2025

Introduction

A quarter of breast cancers show human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER2) overexpression, where targeted therapy dramatically improves survival. However, cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) occurs in up to 15% of patients. With the interruption of HER2 therapy, if necessary, and the initiation of heart failure therapy (HFT), HER2 CTRCD recovers in over 80% of cases. The need to continue HFT in ‘recovered’ HER2 CTRCD following completion of HER2 therapy is unclear and there are potential significant impacts on patient’s quality of life (QoL). The Randomised Controlled Trial for the Safety of Withdrawal of Pharmacological Treatment for Recovered HER2 Targeted Therapy Related Cardiac Dysfunction (HER-SAFE) aims to evaluate whether HFT can be safely withdrawn in non-high cardiovascular (CV) risk patients with ‘recovered’ HER2 CTRCD.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre, open-label randomised controlled trial investigating whether withdrawal of HFT is non-inferior to continuation in non-high CV risk, breast cancer survivors with recovered HER2 CTRCD after cancer treatment completion. The primary endpoint is the incidence of guideline-defined cardiac dysfunction or clinical heart failure. Secondary endpoints include changes in cardiac blood biomarkers, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived strain and tissue mapping and heart failure symptom questionnaires. The study will recruit 90 participants who will undergo serial clinical assessment over 12 months with advanced cardiovascular imaging (CMR scans with automated analysis at baseline, 6 and 12 months), cardiac biomarker measurement (six time points over 12 months), plus complete heart failure QoL and medication disutility questionnaires. This is the first multicentre study to address this significant clinical issue.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the research ethics committee (London—London Bridge, 23/LO/0152). The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Trial registration number

NCT05880160.
Strength training for osteoporosis prevention during early menopause (STOP-EM): a pilot study protocol for a single centre randomised waitlisted control trial in Canada
Authors: Alexander Christina J , Kaluta Leah , Whitman Patrick W , Billington Emma O , Burt Lauren A , Gabel Leigh
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Women lose up to 10% of their bone mass around menopause and the decade following. There is a need for proactive approaches to preserve bone mass and quality around menopause. Existing work has found that high-intensity resistance and impact training (HiRIT) can improve bone and muscle measures in late postmenopausal women. However, this has not been investigated in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women who are in the midst of the menopausal transition.

Methods and analysis

This study is a 9-month randomised controlled feasibility trial evaluating a HiRIT programme in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women. The primary objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of HiRIT in 40 perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women (45–60 years). Participants will be randomised 1:1 into a supervised HiRIT exercise intervention and waitlisted control. The primary outcomes are recruitment, retention and adherence to the exercise intervention. Secondary outcomes include bone (bone mineral density, microarchitecture and strength), muscle (mass, strength and power), physical function (balance and aerobic fitness) and quality of life measures. Feasibility will be assessed based on a priori criterion for success and secondary outcomes will be assessed via multiple linear regressions. The study will be considered feasible if>50% of interested and eligible participants are recruited, if there is>60% adherence to the two times per week, 9-month exercise intervention and if at least 65% of the sample complete the final study visit.Feasibility outcomes will be used to inform a larger, future trial aimed at identifying the efficacy of the exercise intervention for improving various health outcomes, including bone density and muscle mass.Secondary exploratory outcomes will provide insight into the effect of exercise on muscle and bone in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board of the University of Calgary REB22-1632. The results of this study will be disseminated at national and international conferences and published in academic journals.

Trail registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT05961371. (Protocol V.1.2, 28 September 2023)
Exploring solitary wave solutions of extended Sakovich equations: A focus on nonlinear science
Authors: Seadway Aly R. , Ali Asghar , Bekir Ahmet , Cevikel Adem C.
Published: February 2025

This aim of this work is to apply three proposed mathematical methods, namely, enhanced simple equation, [Formula: see text]-expansion and modified F-expansion to investigate solitary wave solutions for the two recently developed extended Sakovich equations in the context of [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-dimensional structures. The equations under this study belong to the category of Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations which are widely acknowledged as important components of fluid dynamics. Many scientific fields, including mathematics, physics, soliton theory, plasma physics, biology, chemistry, and nonlinear processes can benefit from the use of these equations. The derived solutions are in the form of Trigonometric, hyperbolic, exponential and rational functions. The Mathematica 13 computational software is used to represent some solutions graphically in two- and three-dimensional for the physical phenomena of concern models. Therefore, our work’s inventiveness is demonstrated by the application of many types of new solutions and newly employed creative ways. This facilitates additional research into nonlinear models that realistically capture important physical processes in daily life.
Grazing-Induced Evolutions of Coexisting Orbits in a Vibro-Impact Smooth–Discontinuous Oscillator with a Unilateral Adjustable Rigid Wall
Authors: Li Shuangbao , Zhang Chenxu , Kou Liying
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a new vibro-impact bistable oscillator by installing an adjustable rigid wall to one side of the smooth–discontinuous (SD) oscillator, is constructed to analytically and numerically reveal its unique global dynamic characteristics. In the unperturbed case, there exist complex unilateral homoclinic structures transversal intersecting, grazing and nonintersecting with the impact boundary due to the adjustability of the rigid constraint. When weak vicious damping, weak periodic excitation and impact energy dissipation are considered, the influences of the adjustable rigid constraint and the evolutions from coexisting periodic orbits to chaos are analyzed through bifurcation diagrams, phase diagrams and Poincaré map and basins of attraction. As the position of the impact boundary moves, the orbits graze multiple times with the boundary, causing period-doubling bifurcations and presenting some new impacting periodic orbits and disconnected chaotic attractors. The vibro-impact SD oscillator also gradually loses stability due to the rapid migration of attractors among coexistence orbits.
An Investigation of the Discrete-Time Model Subject to Immigration, Harvesting, and Allee Effect
Authors: Işık Seval , Kangalgil Figen , Uddin MD. Jasim , Rana Sarker MD. Sohel
Published: February 2025

This paper deals with the dynamic behaviors of a discrete-time fractional-order predator–prey model in the presence of both the Allee effect and immigration on the prey population and in the presence of harvesting on the predator population. The existence and uniqueness and parametric conditions for local asymptotic stability of fixed points of the discrete-time fractional-order model are studied. Moreover, using the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory, it is shown that the considered model undergoes flip and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations in a small neighborhood of the interior fixed point. Then, the direction of bifurcation is calculated. A feedback controller is implemented in the proposed model to control chaos thanks to the emergence of the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. Furthermore, numerical analysis confirms the theoretical analysis with the help of Matlab software.
The equitable q-deformation of 𝔰𝔩2
Authors: Mukherjee Snehashis
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we investigate the algebra [Formula: see text], which is known as the equitable [Formula: see text]-deformation of [Formula: see text]. This algebra was introduced in 2005 by Ito et al. Assume that [Formula: see text] is a primitive [Formula: see text]th root of unity with [Formula: see text]. We prove that [Formula: see text] becomes a Polynomial Identity (PI) algebra. It was previously known for such algebras, the simple modules are finite-dimensional with dimension at most the PI degree. We determine the PI degree of [Formula: see text], and we classify up to isomorphism the simple [Formula: see text]-modules. We also find the center of [Formula: see text].
Optimised Continually Evolved Classifier for Few-Shot Learning Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting
Authors: Lichode Rupatai , Karmore Swapnili
Published: February 2025

Catastrophic forgetting (CF) poses the most important challenges in neural networks for continual learning. During training, numerous current approaches replay precedent data that deviate from the constraints of an optimal continual learning system. In this work, optimisation-enabled continually evolved classifier is used for the CF. Moreover, a few-shot continual learning model is exploited to mitigate CF. Initially, images undergo pre-processing using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalisation (CLAHE). Then; the pre-processed outputs are utilised in the classification through Continually Evolved Classifiers based on few-shot incremental learning. Here, the initial training is done by using the CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model and then the pseudo incremental learning phase is performed. Furthermore, to enhance the performance, an optimisation approach, called Serial Exponential Sand Cat Swarm Optimisation (SExpSCSO), is developed. SExpSCSO algorithm modifies Sand Cat Swarm Optimisation by incorporating the serial exponential weighted moving average concept. The proposed SExpSCSO is applied to train the continually evolved classifier by optimising weights and thus, improves the classifiers performance. Finally, the experimentation analysis reveals that the adopted system acquired the maximal accuracy of 0.677, maximal specificity of 0.592, maximal precision of 0.638, recall of 0.716 and F-measure of 0.675.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on Corporate Green Technology Innovation
Authors: Zhou Jianqing , Peng Yulian , Zhang Siyuan , Tan Yuting
Published: February 2025

Green technology innovation is an important approach to addressing environmental pollution and achieving high-quality development. In the context of the booming digital economy, whether and how corporate digital transformation can promote green technology innovation is a significant theoretical issue that urgently needs to be addressed. We use data from China’s A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2020 to explore the impact of digital transformation on corporate green technology innovation, based on the construction of measurement indicators for digital transformation through textual analysis methods. It is found that digital transformation can significantly promote corporate green technology innovation, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. Mechanism testing shows that reducing financing cost and enhancing collaborative research are the two effective pathways for digital transformation to promote green technology innovation. Further analysis also reveals that for state-owned enterprises, non-foreign-invested enterprises, high environmental responsibility enterprises, and non-heavy-polluting enterprises, digital transformation plays a more significant role in promoting green technology innovation. Our research findings are conducive to promoting the integrated development of digital transformation and green economy, and provide theoretical reference for the formulation and implementation of digital transformation policies.
Physics-Informed Autoencoder for Prostate Tissue Microstructure Profiling with Hybrid Multidimensional MRI
Authors: Gundogdu Batuhan , Chatterjee Aritrick , Medved Milica , Bagci Ulas , Karczmar Gregory S. , Oto Aytekin
Published: February 2025

“Just Accepted” papers have undergone full peer review and have been accepted for publication in Radiology: Artificial Intelligence. This article will undergo copyediting, layout, and proof review before it is published in its final version. Please note that during production of the final copyedited article, errors may be discovered which could affect the content. Purpose To evaluate the performance of Physics-Informed Autoencoder (PIA), a self-supervised deep learning model, in measuring tissue-based biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) using hybrid multidimensional MRI. Materials and Methods This retrospective study introduces PIA, a novel self-supervised deep learning model that integrates a three-compartment diffusion-relaxation model with hybrid multidimensional MRI. PIA was trained to encode the biophysical model into a deep neural network to predict measurements of tissue-specific biomarkers for PCa without extensive training data requirements. Comprehensive in-silico and in-vivo experiments, using histopathology measurements as the reference standard, were conducted to validate the model’s efficacy in comparison to the traditional Non-Linear Least Squares (NLLS) algorithm. PIA’s robustness to noise was tested in in-silico experiments with varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, and in-vivo performance for estimating volume fractions was evaluated in 21 patients (mean age 60 (SD:6.6) years; all male) with PCa ( n = 71 regions of interest). Evaluation metrics included the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results PIA predicted the reference standard tissue parameters with high accuracy, outperforming conventional NLLS methods, especially under noisy conditions (rs = 0.80 versus 0.65, P < .001 for epithelium volume at SNR = 20:1). In in-vivo validation, PIA’s noninvasive volume fraction estimates matched quantitative histology (ICC = 0.94, 0.85 and 0.92 for epithelium, stroma, and lumen compartments, respectively, P < .001 for all). PIA’s measurements strongly correlated with PCa aggressiveness (r = 0.75, P < .001). Furthermore, PIA ran 10,000 faster than NLLS (0.18 seconds versus 40 minutes per image). Conclusion PIA provided accurate prostate tissue biomarker measurements from MRI data with better robustness to noise and computational efficiency compared with the NLLS algorithm. The results demonstrate the potential of PIA as an accurate, noninvasive, and explainable AI method for PCa detection. ©RSNA, 2025
A User-Friendly Jupyter Notebook for Simplified Differential Pulse Voltammetry Analysis of Dihydroxy Phenols
Authors: Natarajan Aravindan , Sankaranarayanan Preethi
Published: February 2025

Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is a well-established electrochemical technique widely employed for quantitatively determining diverse analytes, particularly within complex matrices. However, the analysis of DPV data, especially in scenarios involving the simultaneous detection of multiple species, can be a complex and time-intensive undertaking. This article introduces a Jupyter Notebook developed to facilitate the efficient and streamlined analysis of DPV data acquired from the simultaneous detection of dihydroxy phenols. The notebook offers a user-friendly interface encompassing data import, pre-processing, peak identification, quantification, and visualization functionalities. By automating several key analysis steps, this tool reduces manual effort while simultaneously enhancing the accuracy and reproducibility of the process. Consequently, it offers particular value to researchers engaged in environmental monitoring, food analysis, and related disciplines where the detection of dihydroxy phenols is of critical importance. The complete source code for this tool is freely available and accessible via the following repository: https://github.com/anatarajank/Electrochemical-Sensor-Data-Analyzer
An endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand dysregulates endothelial functions, transcriptome, and phosphoproteome
Authors: Zhao Ying-Jie , Zhang Si-Yan , Wei Ying-Ying , Li Hui-Hui , Lei Wei , Wang Kai , Kumar Sathish , Zhou Chi , Zheng Jing
Published: February 2025

Preeclampsia elevates AhR agonistic activities in fetal circulation and alters immune cell gene signatures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). An endogenous AhR ligand (ITE) decreases cell proliferation and monolayer integrity in HUVECs in vitro. ITE dysregulates transcriptome in HUVECs in a fetal sex-specific manner. ITE also disrupts phosphoproteome in HUVECs. These ITE-dysregulated genes and phosphoproteins are highly relevant to diseases of the heart, vascular function, and inflammatory responses.
Supplementary Data Figure Legends from The Selective WEE1 Inhibitor Azenosertib Shows Synergistic Antitumor Activity with KRASG12C Inhibitors in Preclinical Models
Authors: Jameson Nathan M. , Kim Daehwan , Lee Catherine , Skrable Blake , Shea Alexandra , Guo Xiao , Izadi Hooman , Abed Mona , Harismendy Olivier , Ma Jianhui , Kim Doris S. , Lackner Mark R.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Data Figure Legends
O procedimento de depósito de pedido de patente dividido e sua relação com o aumento da quantidade de pedidos de patente pendentes de decisão (backlog)
Authors: Gomes Giselle Guimarães
Published: February 2025

The article aims the analysis of the relation between the division of a patent application by a procedure of divisional patent application, automatically accepted, and the rising of the amount of patent applications lacking a final decision, known as backlog. One of the factors that might explain the backlog rising is the rising of divisional patent applications, since a single original patent application may be divided into dozens of others. The present article demonstrates that this relation is only due to the procedure of automatically accepting divisional applications. These applications may contain addition of subject-matter or double patenting, which are only verified in the technical examination, leading to hermeneutical confusion between article 26 with the other articles of the Law n° 9.279/96 (LPI), namely with articles 32 and 6th which, respectively, limits addition of subject-matter and double patenting. Consequently, it is proposed an alternate procedure based on a specific divisional application form, subject to archiving under the terms of the sole paragraph of the article 26.
Princípio da moralidade administrativa: análise comparada das experiências brasileira e colombiana no âmbito das ações populares
Authors: Lage Matheus Canazart
Published: February 2025

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, descrever e compreender as diferenças e semelhanças da aplicação da moralidade administrativa como parâmetro de controle da Administração Pública pela via das ações populares nas jurisprudências colombiana e brasileira, com foco no Consejo de Estado da Colômbia e no Superior Tribunal de Justiça do Brasil e das cortes constitucionais dos dois países. A metodologia do trabalho adotada será a da vertente sociojurídica com abordagem jurídico-comparativa, tendo sido realizada por meio da análise da literatura especializada e da jurisprudência do Consejo de Estado e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram a existência de mais diferenças do que semelhanças na aplicação da moralidade administrativa no controle da Administração Pública pelos tribunais colombianos e brasileiros. Concluiu-se, tendo em vista a existência de uma jurisdição administrativa especializada, que há maior dedicação, por parte do Consejo de Estado, em tentar delimitar o conceito e o conteúdo da moralidade administrativa na fundamentação das decisões no exercício do controle da Administração Pública pelas ações populares.
Contratações públicas e competências estaduais em matéria antidiscriminatória: o caso da Lei Norte-rio-grandense nº 11.587/2023
Authors: França Vladimir da Rocha
Published: February 2025

O objetivo do presente artigo é examinar, à luz da Constituição do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, o modelo jurídico instituído pela Lei do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte nº 11.587, de 8 de novembro de 2023, que dispõe sobre a reserva de vagas de emprego para travestis e transexuais nas empresas privadas que recebem incentivos fiscais ou tenham convênio com órgãos do Poder Público do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte.  Para tanto, adota-se a metodologia preconizada pela Dogmática Jurídica (ou Ciência do Direito em sentido estrito), tendo como base empírica o sistema do Direito Positivo brasileiro.
Requiring an Interpreter Influences Stroke Care and Outcomes for People With Aphasia During Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Mellahn Kathleen , Kilkenny Monique F. , Siyambalapitiya Samantha , Lakhani Ali , Burns Catherine , Purvis Tara , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Rose Miranda L.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:

Communicative ability after stroke influences patient outcomes. Limited research has explored the impact of aphasia when it intersects with cultural or linguistic differences on receiving stroke care and patient outcomes. We investigated associations between requiring an interpreter and the provision of evidence-based stroke care and outcomes for people with aphasia in the inpatient rehabilitation setting.

METHODS:

Retrospective patient-level data from people with aphasia were aggregated from the Australian Stroke Foundation National Stroke Audit–Rehabilitation Services (2016–2020). Multivariable regression models compared adherence to processes of care (eg, home assessment complete, type of aphasia management) and in-hospital outcomes (eg, length of stay, discharge destination) by the requirement of an interpreter. Outcome models were adjusted for sex, stroke type, hospital size, year, and stroke severity factors.

RESULTS:

Among 3160 people with aphasia (median age, 76 years; 56% male), 208 (7%) required an interpreter (median age, 77 years; 52% male). The interpreter group had a more severe disability on admission, reflected by reduced cognitive (6% versus 12%,
P
=0.009) and motor Functional Independence Measure scores (6% versus 12%,
P
=0.010). The interpreter group were less likely to have phonological and semantic interventions for their aphasia (odds ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.40–0.80]) compared with people not requiring an interpreter. They more often had a carer (68% versus 48%,
P
<0.001) and were more likely to be discharged home with supports (odds ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.08–2.04]). The interpreter group had longer lengths of stay (median 31 versus 26 days,
P
=0.005).

CONCLUSIONS:

Some processes of care and outcomes differed in inpatient rehabilitation for people with poststroke aphasia who required an interpreter compared with those who did not. Equitable access to therapy is imperative and greater support for cultural/linguistic minorities during rehabilitation is indicated.
منامات إخوان الصفا وخلّان الوفا: قراءة في شعريّة القصّ ومحمولاتها النسقيّة
Authors: الناصر دعد رشراش
Published: February 2025

المستخلص

‫يقف البحث على منامات رسائل إخوان الصفا وخلّان الوفا، الموسوعة الفلسفيّة المؤلَّفة في القرن الرابع الهجريّ لجماعة من الأدباء وأصحاب الحكمة الذين آثروا أن يتقنّعوا ولا يعلنوا عن ذواتهم المؤلِّفة لغايات فكريّة وسياسيّة ظاهرة في الرسائل التي امتدّت على مساحة 51 رسالة علميّة، وكانت الرسالة الأخيرة جامعةً تختزل ما ذُكر في الموسوعة. كثّف الجزء الرابع من الرسائل تناوُله للمنامات بعنوان ”العلوم الناموسيّة الإلهيّة والشرعيّة،“ لتجيء هذه المنامات رمزيّةً تحمل دلالات فكريّة تتّسق مع أطروحات أهل الصفا؛ لذا فهي منامات صيغت لخدمة شرعيّة حضور هذه الفئة في مقابل الآخر الضالّ – كما ذُكر في الرسائل. هذا يجعل منطلَق البحث مرتكزًا على: (1) كون المنامات نصّا ثقافيًّا؛ واستدلالًا حجاجيًّا على اعتقاد أهل الصفا. وهو ما يشكّل حجّة البحث المركزيّة؛ و(2) دراسة المنامات ضمن منهجيّة النقد الثقافيّ الذي يفترض وجود تعارضات في المعنى: بين الظاهر والمحمولات النسقيّة. ويعمد البحث إلى تجلية المنامات المدروسة ضمن عنوانات مركزيّة تتناول بيان السرد، ومحمولاته النسقيّة، وشعريّته الجماليّة.‬
Mṣaww wa Maḥḥar
Authors: van der Wal Anonby Christina
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the symbiotic relationship between the Musandam Peninsula’s inhabitants and the sea, focusing on how Kumzari oral literature portrays this bond. An analysis of the folktale Sōntyō ‘The Raft’ reveals the sea’s metaphorical significance in Kumzari society. Through an examination of a sea poem in this tale, it highlights the interplay between geography and narrative, showcasing the sea’s influence on characters’ journeys and fates. The author also explores the symbolism of sea creatures and plants entwined with the protagonist’s boat, illustrating nature’s untamed power. This study emphasizes the profound impact of the sea on Kumzari culture, with rhythms that mirror the ebb and flow of life. Through language and lore, the article invites readers to immerse themselves in the maritime world of the Kumzari people.
A Locking Detection Device and Control Method Based on Vector Airrudder for Autonomous Aerial Refueling
Authors: Jiaxing Zhu , Yue Liu , Zhen Ren , Xu Liu , Shu Zhang
Published: February 2025

With the increasing need to safeguard distant maritime interests and national security, aerial refueling has emerged as a critical method for extending the endurance of aircraft during long missions. Autonomous aerial refueling, which eliminates the need for human intervention, is particularly advantageous but also faces significant challenges. These challenges include wake turbulence and airflow disturbances, which can negatively impact the docking precision and success rates. To address these issues, this paper proposes an optical signal-based automatic locking detection device specifically designed for unmanned autonomous aerial refueling. This device ensures accurate and reliable detection of the docking status. Furthermore, to mitigate the disturbances caused by wake turbulence on the parachute cone, a novel vector air rudder-based control scheme is introduced. This scheme enables precise three-dimensional displacement control of the parachute cone, significantly enhancing docking accuracy. Extensive simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed device and control method, demonstrating marked improvements in docking precision, docking success rates, and overall flight safety. This research provides valuable insights for advancing autonomous aerial refueling technology and ensuring its reliable application in practical scenarios.
Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Children: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Kamruzzaman null , Tahura Sarabon , Yeasmin Shamima , Islam Atiqul , Hossin Mosharaf , Talukder Dite , Sarker Probir , Akter Johora , Akhand Nabila , Anowar Asma
Published: February 2025

Background: Pneumonia remains a significant health concern in children in developing countries. The identification of risk factors is an important step in formulating effective interventions. Aim: This study has been conducted to assess different risk factors associated with pneumonia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of six months has been conducted by enrolling a total of 65 children presenting with pneumonia in Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Between February 2024 to August 2024. Demographic, socio-economic, environmental, nutritional, and immunization data are discussed. Results: The cohort consisted of 54% males and 46% females, distributed as 31% infants, 38% toddlers, and 31% preschoolers. A considerable number, 50%, belonged to lower socio-economic classes and were undernourished. Also, solid fuel use was 42%, indoor smoking was 32%, and vaccination coverage was very low-28% pneumococcal and 36% influenza. The severity of pneumonia was mild in 49%, moderate in 38%, and severe in 13%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being underweight, indoor smoking, and low immunization coverages are independent risk factors with significant OR values of 3.2, 2.8, and 2.1, respectively. Conclusion: The multi-factorial causes of pneumonia in children require health interventions targeting socioeconomic, environmental, and health-related risks to improve the prognosis among children in Bangladesh.