bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pauvreté, croissance et redistribution
Authors: Avom Désiré , Carmignani Fabrizio
Published: May 2011

L'objectif de cet article est de revisiter la littérature économique qui analyse les interactions entre la croissance, la redistribution des revenus et les dynamiques de la pauvreté. Sur le plan théorique, nous explorons la littérature portant sur les déterminants de la croissance, d'une part, et celle portant sur les déterminants des inégalités, d'autre part. Sur le plan méthodologique, nous nous situons dans le prolongement des travaux de Lindberg et Squire [2003], Lopez [2003] et Kraay [2005]. Nous estimons à cet effet un modèle structurel de trois équations endogènes. Le modèle nous permet d'identifier l'impact que les différentes variables économiques ont sur la variation de la pauvreté à travers deux canaux : la croissance économique d'une part et la redistribution d'autre part. Nos résultats montrent que la recherche de la croissance pro-pauvres devrait systématiquement passer par la promotion d'un système financier développé, la stabilisation de l'inflation, le renforcement de la productivité agricole, la promotion de la scolarisation, l'amélioration des infrastructures énergétiques et la réduction des dépenses publiques pour la consommation.
La réciprocité, entre psychologie et rationalité économique
Authors: Bonein Aurélie
Published: May 2011

Longtemps cantonnée aux domaines allant de la psychologie à l'anthropologie, l'étude de la réciprocité est devenue un enjeu majeur pour la science économique, comme en atteste le nombre croissant de travaux à son sujet. Traditionnellement placé en situation de décider, un individu se voit contraint d'inférer de ses actes sur autrui, ainsi que les réactions associées, de façon à optimiser son action. Semblable à un jeu de miroirs, l'individu s'identifie à autrui en internalisant ses propres normes afin d'anticiper la réponse formulée. Dans ce face à face, la réciprocité reflète la manière dont est perçu autrui et influe, par conséquent, sur l'acte initial. L'objet de cet article consiste à présenter les études menées en économie expérimentale ayant trait à la réciprocité, puis son intégration dans le corpus économique théorique.
Déterminants du prix du pétrole et impacts sur l'économie
Authors: Lescaroux François , Mignon Valérie
Published: May 2011

Même s'il a quelque peu diminué depuis le deuxième choc pétrolier, le poids du pétrole dans l'économie mondiale reste considérable. L'objectif de cet article est ainsi de faire le point sur l'impact d'une hausse du prix du brut sur l'activité économique au sens large. Nous chercherons notamment à expliquer les différences entre les deux premiers chocs pétroliers et la crise actuelle, caractérisée par une hausse du prix du pétrole depuis 2002. A cette fin, nous étudierons les facteurs influençant le prix du pétrole, avant de nous pencher sur les mécanismes de transmission d'une hausse du prix du brut au système économique.
Synthesis of cross-conjugated trienes by rhodium-catalyzed dimerization of monosubstituted allenes
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Biyajima Tsuneaki , Toyoshima Takeharu , Murakami Masahiro
Published: May 2011

A rhodium(I)/dppe catalyst promoted dimerization of monosubstituted allenes in a stereoselective manner to give cross-conjugated trienes, which are different from those obtained by a palladium catalyst.
Treatment of Ankle Fractures in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Dellenbaugh Samuel G. , DiPreta John A. , Uhl Richard L.
Published: May 2011

Patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of complications after sustaining an ankle fracture, including fracture displacement, superficial and deep infection, hardware failure, and neuropathic arthropathy. With the increased incidence of diabetes among the aged, the increased incidence of complications due to diabetes mellitus and its sequelae are important to keep in mind when treating ankle fractures.
Reader’s Theater: A Teaching Strategy to Help Students Respond to Disruptive Behavior
Authors: Hutcheson Jane , Lux Kathleen
Published: May 2011

The seriousness of disruptive behavior among nurses has been documented by professional nursing organizations, nurse researchers, hospital administrators, and the Joint Commission.
Disruptive behavior
is any inappropriate behavior, confrontation, or conflict ranging from verbal abuse to physical and sexual harassment. Although the profession recommends development of nursing curricula to address disruptive behavior, the literature on this topic is scarce. Using reader’s theater, an innovative teaching strategy, the 10 most common forms of disruptive behavior were introduced. The scripts were used in a senior-level baccalaureate nursing transition course to increase students’ awareness of and ability to handle disruptive behaviors. Reader’s theater is a scripted, formalized storytelling experience that provides an opportunity for self-reflection and group discussions. After the reader’s theater learning activity, students reported an increased ability to recognize and handle disruptive behavior in the workplace.
Ultra-Wide–Field Green-Light (532-nm) Autofluorescence Imaging in Chronic Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease
Authors: Heussen Florian M. , Vasconcelos-Santos Daniel V. , Pappuru Rajeev R. , Walsh Alexander C. , Rao Narsing A. , Sadda Srinivas R.
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To assess the prevalence of peripheral fundus autofluorescence (FAF) abnormalities in chronic Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A retrospective review of cases at the Doheny Eye Institute between December 2009 and April 2010. Patients with chronic VKH who had ultra-wide–field FAF and pseudo-color imaging performed were included. All images were reviewed independently by two reading center certified retina specialists.

RESULTS:

Twenty eyes of 10 patients were included in this analysis. Fourteen eyes of 7 patients (70%) showed peripheral changes on FAF images outside the posterior pole. Three different patterns were observed: multifocal hypofluorescent spots (n = 11 eyes), hyperfluorescent spots (n = 8 eyes), and a unique lattice-like pattern in both eyes of one patient. There were noticeable disparities between FAF and color images.

CONCLUSION:

Peripheral FAF abnormalities are frequent in chronic VKH and are readily revealed by wide-field FAF imaging and manifesting with distinct patterns. Further investigation in prospective studies is warranted.
Extraction Feature of Motor Unbalance and Interference of Alternating Current Based on the Wavelet Transform
Authors: Chen Dong Ju , Fan Jin Wei , Zhang Fei Hu
Published: May 2011

A new method for extracting spectrum feature of motor unbalance and interference of alternating current (AC) is proposed. The flatness error of workpiece surface includes much errors information, and the information contains high frequency signal and low frequency signal, for these errors information, a new identification method of turning errors of workpiece based on the wavelet transform and power spectral density analysis is proposed. According to the focal variation character of wavelet and the energy value of power spectral density analysis, the feature of motor unbalance and AC from the measured flatness error of workpiece is extracted and identified.
Aeroelasticity Simulation of the Large-Span Basket Handle Tied-Arch Bridge
Authors: Yi Li Yun
Published: May 2011

This paper elaborates on the similarity theory applied in the design of the full bridge wind tunnel aeroelastic model for the large-span tied-arch bridge and, taking a Yangtze River Bridge as an example, introduces in details the design method and parameter testing for a full bridge aeroelastic model.
Kinematics and Dynamics Analysis of an Innervation Seat Based on ADAMS
Authors: Li Yun Tang , Pan Qin Qin , Li Jun , Xu Chang
Published: May 2011

As a new type of entertainment venue, four-dimensional cinema can make the effects of rock, collision and weightlessness using innervation seat controlled by a computer. At the same time, audience can feel the film scene such as storm, thunder, rain, bounce, spray and beating in the cinema. So the performance of innervation seat directly influences the effects of a four-dimensional cinema. In this paper, a compact innervation seat driven by four air cylinders is designed. The kinematics and dynamic characteristics of the seat are analyzed based on Adams. Then, the modal characteristics of the seat are analyzed by Adamas/vibration. Finally, the defects of the mechanism and the improving methods are suggested so that the innervation seat can be more safety and comfortable.
Finite Element Analysis for the Chassis of Dynamic Compaction Machine
Authors: Si Gui Mao , Sun Heng , Zhang Qing Lan , Duan Li Li
Published: May 2011

The structure of dynamic compaction machine’s chassis is box girder which is welded by steel plate. The strength and stiffness of the chassis directly affect the performance of the machine and the safety of dynamic compaction. According to the mechanical characteristics of a 600t•m dynamic compaction machine, the author analyzed the stress distribution and deformation of the chassis under three kinds of working conditions by finite element method. The results show that the finite element method can effectively reflect the overall state of stress and the characteristics of local stress of the chassis. The structure of chassis has sufficient strength and stiffness. The thickness of some parts of the steel plate can be properly reduced. These results provide basis for the further optimal design of the chassis.
A Study of Metameric Blacks for the Representation of Spectral Images
Authors: Chen Qiao , Wang Li Jie , Westland Stephen
Published: May 2011

Spectral images contain a large volume of data and can be efficiently compressed by low dimensional linear models. However, there is a trade-off between the accuracy of spectral and colorimetric representation. When a spectral image is reproduced by a low-dimensional linear model, spectral error and color difference are contrary to each other and minimizing the colour error is by no means equivalent to minimizing the spectral error. Although one aim of a spectral-image file format is to preserve and represent the spectral information, most users are likely to reproduce a spectral image on a trichromatic image-reproduction system and therefore it is important that the spectral information is not preserved at the expense of colorimetric accuracy. In this study a method for spectral encoding that provides an efficient representation of the spectral information whilst perfectly preserving the colorimetric information is analysed. The lossy compression technique that is considered in this work is based on a low-dimensional linear model of spectral reflectance, with the first three basis functions represent color information and the additional basis functions are metameric blacks which preserve spectral information.
Model Optimization and Stability of Hemoglobin Analysis in Human Soluble Blood Samples by FTIR/ATR Spectroscopy
Authors: Pan Tao , Peng Ai Hong , Huang Wen Jie
Published: May 2011

Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), attenuated total reflection (ATR) technology and partial least square (PLS) method, the rapid quantification method of hemoglobin (HGB) in human soluble blood samples was established. Based on the distribution of samples’ HGB chemical value and absorbance on 1543 cm-1 which had the highest signal to noise ratio for HGB, all samples were divided into calibration set and prediction set for 50 times. PLS models were established for all divisions, based on the average data RMSEPAve, the stable optimal model was selected, the corresponding PLS factor, RMSEPAve and RP,Ave were 2, 6.81 g/L and 0.943 respectively.
Study of the Bit Key Technology in the Airborne Measurement and Control System
Authors: Fan Li Ming , Wu Peng , Zhang Xiao Lin
Published: May 2011

BIT is a new technology about the system test, fault diagnosing and separating. It is more important in the design for the reliability and main tainability of system. The key technique, such as the fault tree and equation, the test location, the test signal picking and generating, the fault distinguish rule, the design of preventing error alarm and BIT software. The result showed that the key technology is useful, and the reliability, maintainability and ability of management to fault can be increased by means of BIT. The debugging of system becomes convenient. The method can be used in the system of intelligent-in-strument and industrial control computer.
Application of Fiber Point Diffraction in Measurement of Optical Surface
Authors: Nie Liang , Han Jun , Jiang Xu
Published: May 2011

The fiber point diffraction technology is applied in interferometer to measure optical surface with high precision. The wavefront diffracted from the single mode fiber with microns core diameter can be considered as ideal spherical wave and used as the referenced wave in interferometry. To estimate the quality of diffracted wavefront, the theoretical model of optical point diffraction is introduced at first. Based on the model, the influence of fiber core diameter, deformation and end-face shape on wavefront error is studied with numerical analysis. The analysis result shows that the single mode fiber used in experiment is available for instrument design and its influence over systematic error should be negligible within certain numerical aperture. Then a point diffraction interferometer with a single fiber is designed. Compared with the double fiber system, it has merit of noise immunity, high fringe contrast and high performance. Finally, the fiber point diffraction interferometer system is put up to measure spherical surface in experiment. The interference fringes are collected and analyzed with five-step shifting, least squares unwrapping and Zernike fitting method. The results show that the interferometer with optical fiber has achieved a worthy measurement precision and has great development potential.
Nondestructive Testing of Blockboard Using Combination of Wavelet Transform and Gray-Scale Mathematical Morphology
Authors: Yang Nian Xue , Qi Da Wei
Published: May 2011

This paper presents a scheme for blockboard nondestructive detection. X-ray nondestructive testing system has been used to obtain blockboard x-ray images. In order to recognize defects of blockboard effectively through x-ray images, an image processing method based on wavelet transform and gray-scale mathematical morphology is proposed. Firstly, image noises are reduced by wavelet soft threshold de-noising, and then a new modified mathematical morphology edge detection operator is used to detect edges of the de-noised image. The experiment results show that the method performs well in noise-suppression and edge detection. The proposed nondestructive testing method of blockboard is practical and easy to implement.
Matching of Bag’s Images Based on Straight Line Feature Control
Authors: Li Guo Ping , Liu Hua Guan , Li Chang Chun
Published: May 2011

Proposed matching method of bag’s images based on straight line features control in this paper. At first, it established a mathematical model of straight line features control theory; Secondly, it collected bags images by use of machine vision systems. It applied the contrast, image binarization, the first order derivative edge detection, dilation and erosion, image thinning, noise remove and other image processing technology and got the edge of the target object image. Next it used the Harris corner detection algorithm to get corners of edge image which is needed by straight linear control theory and achieve the features matching of two bag’s edge images. Finally, it processed vertical, rotating, tilt, moving and light changing’s bags’ images when putting bags stacked and side by side, the results show that the proposed matching method has strong robustness.
Improving Anti-Distortion Performance of Joint Transform Correlator
Authors: Nie Liang , Duan Cun Li , Jiang Xu
Published: May 2011

The optical joint transform correlator (JTC) has been used in target real-time recognition, but the anti-distortion performance has always been the difficult problem for recognition system, which limits its further development and application. In this paper the principle and experimental system of JTC are introduced. The effect of target distortion is analyzed and the optimization method is proposed. The synthetic discriminate function and the power subtraction are applied to process the joint power spectrum and eliminate zero-order correlation peak. The result shows that the optimization methods can enhance the output peaks and improve the anti-distortion performance of joint transform correlator for target identification.
Comparative Study on Bearing Performance between Y-Section Pile and Conventional Pile
Authors: Wang Xin Quan , Wei Jiu San , Chen Yong Hui
Published: May 2011

Y-shaped vibro-pile (referred to as Y-Section pile) is a newly developed pile based on traditional circular driven cast-in-place pile and the principle of peripheral expansion of various shapes with constant cross-section. Three-dimensional numerical model is built for Y-Section pile, circular pile, square pile and triangular pile with the same sectional area using finite element software ABAQUS. The pile material is elastic model as well as soil around pile and under pile is Mohr-Coulomb model. With the same cross-sectional area and under the same load, the settlement of Y-Section pile is the smallest, followed by triangular pile, square pile and circular pile in sequence; the average stress of pile-end soil of square pile is the greatest, followed by triangular pile, circular pile and Y-Section pile; the ultimate bearing capacity of Y-Section pile is the largest, followed by triangular pile, square pile and circular pile. Assuming that the lateral friction is of linear growth along pile shaft and of triangular distribution, the maximum lateral friction intensity at pile tip is different for various piles with the same cross-sectional area, and the largest is circular pile, followed by square pile, Y-Section pile and triangular pile. The maximum lateral friction intensity of Y-Section pile is up to 88.71% of circular pile and there is friction resistance weakening with various shapes.
Discrete Element Simulation of Composite Geomaterial Talus Deposit Based on Digital Image Technology
Authors: Xu An Quan , Xu Wei Ya , Shi Chong , Xia Zhi Hao
Published: May 2011

Talus deposit is often seen in the hydropower projects in the southwest of China. Its mechanical properties are so complex that microscopic structure study is often used to reveal the essence of deformation and damage. The digital image processing technology (DIPT) is introduced to the discrete element simulation of talus deposits. Based on the study of DIPT, a Photo-To-PFC (PTP) automodeling program is developed. It is able to realize the whole process: analyzing and processing the digital image, acquiring the information and establishing the model files. The discrete element model of talus deposit can be established fast and correctly by the PTP from the digital photo on-site. A new way is opened up for the study of the talus deposit. As an example, some talus deposit data of Gushui hydropower station is used, structure model and mechanical properties of talus deposit are studied based on DIPT and PTP. The mechanical properties are studied by the numerical simulation of biaxial compression test. The results show that the gravels and soil mass compress with each other to form a corporate load-carrying body for sharing the external forces. The stress-strain curves show a strain-hardening stage obviously due to the impact of gravels. With the increasing of bond strength among soil particles, the initial elastic modulus and peak strength of talus deposit go up at a certain level; the initial elastic modulus and peak strength increase a lot as the existence of gravels.
Charging-Discharging Control with MPPT for Photovoltaic System
Authors: Gao Xin
Published: May 2011

Solar energy is the most viable renewable energy resources in the world. This paper presents a battery charging-discharging control strategy with MPPT for photovoltaic (PV) power generation system. If the PV power generation sources produce more energy than the requirement the loads, the surplus energy can be used either to charge the battery or to provide a dump load (electric heater or electrolysis-hydrogen). If the amount of energy demanded by the loads is higher than the production of the PV power generation sources, the control strategy determines the battery will release energy to cover the load requirements until the battery is fully discharged. This paper explains the strategy developed and shows the control block diagram of photovoltaic power generation system.
Study of Complex Network Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Yao Zheng , Wang Zhao Hua
Published: May 2011

Energy consumption is a critical problem in operation of wireless sensor networks. For the sake of avoiding the data abundance and balancing the energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, this paper makes a research on network nodes Optimization in wireless sensor network based on ant colony algorithm and WIA-PA protocol stack. The novel design improved on hardware and software to control consumption of the energy and used transition probability of ant colony algorithm from one node to the other to calculate and determine the optimal path of network node in traversal of these locations. The results of the examples show that this method has lower energy consumption, computational briefness and higher positioning accuracy; it can not easily run into the local optimum, and also be applied to other tracking of complex network systems.
Research on Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis System
Authors: Yao Zheng , Wang Zhao Hua
Published: May 2011

Fault diagnosis has been the research hotspot in the industry fields, but, with the gradual complication in modern industry equipments and systems, it is more hard to quickly diagnose complicated or exceptional faults. For overcoming the diagnosis weakness of traditional fault diagnosis methods in the rotating machinery, this paper presents a hybrid method that combines the wavelet with neural networks theory. Both the blindness of framework designs for BP neural networks and the problem of nonlinear optimizations were solved and this method was used in rotating machinery fault diagnosis. The research shows that this method is feasible and effective and can be applied to the other rotating machinery fault diagnosis.
Accident Reconstruction of Lifting Crane Based on FEA
Authors: Yang Ming Liang , Xu Ge Ning , Chang Zheng Yan
Published: May 2011

Accident reconstruction model of lifting crane was founded based on FEA, investigation date and expertise. It simulated the lifting conditions and the change of loading was to be found out. The accident scene would be reconstructed in tine and space domain. It would greatly increase the analysis precision of accident and could provide a scientific foundation for accident judgments.
Research on Optimization Algorithm for MFJSSP
Authors: Li Li , Wang Ke Qi , Yue Qi
Published: May 2011

A method combined ant colony algorithm with particle swarm optimization algorithm was designed for solving multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling problem in this paper. In the combined algorithm the start position of ants was marked by particles optimum position obtained by particle swarm optimization algorithm. Then the traditional ant colony algorithm was improved and was used to search the global optimum scheduling. The combined algorithm was validated by practical instances. The results obtained have shown the proposed approach is feasible and effective for the multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling problem.
Research on Improving LFMCW Radar Level Measurement Accuracy
Authors: Yu Xiao Min , Yu Xiao Kun
Published: May 2011

LFMCW radar have a high range measuring accuracy in theory. But in practice, the picket fence effect of the FFT transform, making the range resolution and range accuracy in the same order of magnitude, can not meet the accuracy requirements for the near range measuring . Cascade FFT method is adopted to reduce frequency space of the main lobe of echo range spectrum on the FFT with increasing the less operation .The method can greatly improve the range precision of LFMCW Radar.
Research on Design Method of Electromechanical Product Form Based on MA-GA
Authors: Yang Xiao An , Sun Guang Long , Chen Hao , Liu Xiao Hong , Zhang Wei She
Published: May 2011

In electromechanical products form design, there still exist problems such as CAD supporting incompletely and low-usage of existent excellent case form information, this paper proposed a comprehensive method of product form design, which integrated morphological matrix, BP network, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Gray Relating Analyze (GRA) and Genetic Algorithms. According to the heritability of product form features, this method deconstructed case product modeling components and form elements to obtain the form features, then the features and feature values of product form were represented by morphologic matrix, finally product form design scheme were combined with reasonable solutions. Grading method and AHP were used to quantify the modeling components feature, form elements and perceptual image vocabularies of case product, and a BP network model was trained for form scheme image prediction. This article constructed the genetic algorithm fitness function with the weighed grey relation grade to optimize the product form scheme based on customers’ requirements. VC++ was applied to develop the design software, the design of electric bicycle form scheme was taken to illustrate the application process of this method.
The Effect of the Friction Heat on the Brake Performance of Automobile
Authors: Li Fa Zong , Hu Ru Fu , Cui Zhong Hua
Published: May 2011

The automobile braking will generate a lot of friction heat; the friction heat can reduce the brake performance and affect the safety of the automobile. This article analyzed the mechanism that heat generated by brake friction, established the mathematical model of automotive brake friction heat, and analyzed the influencing factor of braking friction heat through model parameters. Meanwhile, the finite element model of automobile brake disc is built; the brake friction heat is analyzed by the finite element thermal thermodynamics, the formation process of the friction heat, the change situation of friction heat and the deformation of brake disc are obtained. The effect of friction heat on the brake performance is analyzed; the research will provide theoretical guidance for the design of automotive brake discs.
Determination of Rheological Parameters for Several Lubricants Applied in the High-Speed and High-Pressure Bearings
Authors: Wang Yan Shuang
Published: May 2011

Traction coefficients of several domestic lubricants in various operating conditions were measured on a self-made test rig. The equations for calculating the average values of limiting shear stress and shear elastic modulus of the lubricants applied in the high-speed and high-pressure bearings were advanced. The example calculations for one lubricating oil and two lubricating grease were then made. The results show that the regression precisions of the equations above are satisfied. The equations also adapt to the other lubricants in the same operating conditions.
Development of Heating Device for Diesel Fuel Filter and Analysis of Test
Authors: Wang Kun Xia , Pan Ya Lin
Published: May 2011

With the decreasing of the circumstance temperature, diesel truck should change lower freezing point diesel fuel in order to avoid paraffin deposit which makes the car fail to run normally in winter. Paraffin deposit often happens in diesel fuel filter cleaner. To avoid the paraffin deposit, in this paper, it designs a system that adapts heating method to heat diesel. It analyses its composition, working principle, technical character and experiment application. Through making experiments it proves that this equipment can improve burning purity and decreases atmosphere pollution which reduces consumption and saves fuels.
Research on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Tutoring System
Authors: Yi Zhen Zhen , Zhao Ke , Li Ya Tao , Xu Wei
Published: May 2011

Aiming at students’ learning process, and based on the analysis of tutorship rules of students’ learning after class, a Knowledge-Based Intelligent Tutoring System is given. The system comprehensively uses agent technology, the knowledge-based automatic reasoning, resource modeling for knowledge classification, field natural language understanding, data mining, computer networks, databases and other technologies. It creates a student-oriented self-motivated learning environment in which students can learn abundant knowledge of one or many subjects, send the problems encountered in their own learning to the system server by network, and get real-time multiple tutorship information as an excellent teacher do.
The Application of MATLAB Software on the College Network Teaching Platform of the Mathematics Experiment
Authors: Li Yun Fa
Published: May 2011

In order to improve the teaching level of mathematics experiment of college and establish the network teaching platform and the study on the application of MATLAB on the mathematics experiment was carried out. Firstly, the MATLAB software was introduced; and then the application of the MATLAB on the mathematics experiment of college network platform was analyzed. Case study of MATLAB application was put forward.
Analysis of Interface Stress of Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu Solder under Temperature Cycle QFP Device
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhang Cheng Ping , Zhao Mei Rong , Jin Hai Jun
Published: May 2011

Using elastoplastic finite element method study the interface stress distribution of Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu lead-free solder at different temperatures and different strain rate. Numerical analysis results show that: when strain-rate is identical, as the temperature rises, the interface stress increased rapidly of Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu lead-free solder and the substrate binding sites, from 11 °C when 2.6MPa rose to 90 °C in 49.7MPa, so the temperature is very large have effects of the interface stress of the lead-free solder and the substrate binding sites; when the temperature is constant, as the strain rate increases, Sn3.5Ag0.75Cu lead-free solder and the substrate binding sites of the interface stress showed a slight increase, from 0.005% / S when the 49.47MPa rose to 0.005% / S when the 50.08MPa, so strain rate on lead-free solder and the substrate binding sites of the interface stress effect is very small, indicating Sn3 .5Ag0.75Cu lead-free solder has strong rate-independent nature.
Analysis on Health Risk of Volatiles of Pinus massoniana Biomass by TD-GC-MS
Authors: Peng Wan Xi , Xue Qiu , Wu Feng Juan , Zhang Xu , Zhang Zhong Feng
Published: May 2011

In order to evaluate its potential health risk to human settlements, the volatiles of Pinus massoniana biomass which was used indoor, were adsorbed and determined by TD-GC-MS. And the main constituents of volatiles at 40°С were 1,4-methanoazulene,decahydro-4,8,8-trimethyl-9- methylene-(53.09%), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-(11.4%), cyclooctasiloxane, hexadecamethyl-(9.28%), octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9, 11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl- (5.09%), 1,3-benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (3.19%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol(2.93%), tricyclo[5.4.0.0 (2,8)] \undec-9-ene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-(2.43%), eucalyptol(2.03%), etc. The main constituents of volatiles at 60°С were 1,4-methanoazulene,decahydro-4,8, 8-trimethyl-9-methylene-(43.43%), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1r)- (7.34%), 1,6,10-dodecatriene, 7,11-dimethyl-3- methylene-(6.63%), 1,4-methanoazulen-9-ol,decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-(5.9%), octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9, 11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl-(4.24%), 1r-.alpha.-pinene(4.1%), etc. So the Pinus massoniana biomass was safe under 60°С.
Based on Edge Node Network Service Recognition Research
Authors: Xin Jing , Xu Jia Pin
Published: May 2011

At present, the recognition ability of the service recognition technique is limited to single installation. It leads to recognition error easily and it's dangerous for the Next Generation Networks which depend on service recognition and control. This paper is based on TCP/IP architecture. With the studying of the present service recognition techniques, a model of networking service recognition system based on edge node is designed. And using the modeling recognition method, the information exchange among recognition nodes, and the second recognition, dynamic recognition of networking service flow is implemented. The testing result of the networking service recognition system model is that, at different protocol types and different ports, the recognition rate is from 99.39% to 99.89%, which indicates that the networking service recognition system based on edge nodes can meet the service recognition requirements of the Next Generation Networks.
Fuzzy-Robust Design Optimization of Dimension Tolerance Using the Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhong Bo
Published: May 2011

The standard genetic algorithm is improved by introducing the engineering treatment method of design vector in order to solve the optimization problem with mixed-discrete variables. A program of improved genetic algorithm has been designed. It can be used to solve the optimal design problems with continuous variables, discrete variables or mixed-discrete variables. For a dimension chain, the fuzzy-robust design of dimension tolerance is discussed and a model of fuzzy-robust design optimization is established. The solution of established model is achieved by using the improved genetic algorithm and the robustness of the dimension tolerance has been improved. The example shows that the proposed method is effective in engineering design.
Characterization of Y/TiO2 Nanoparticles and their Reactivity for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Wei Jing , Tan Xin , Yu Tao , Zhao Lin
Published: May 2011

A series of Y/TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via sol-gel method. The crystal structures, morphologies and chemical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We investigated the effects of different doping amounts of Y on the reaction of CO2 photoreduction. The results shown that 0.1 wt.%Y/TiO2 (0.1YT) performed the highest photocatalytic activity, which yielded 384.62 µmol/g∙cat. formaldehyde after 6 h of UV illumination.
Numerical Simulation Research of Micro-Injection Molding Simulation
Authors: Wei Xiao Hua , Lou Bai Yang
Published: May 2011

According to the basic theory and process of conventional injection molding, using the CAE software, numerical simulation research of the injection molding characteristic for micro thin-wall plastic parts are put forward. The effects of process parameters (melt temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure, injection rate) on molding characteristic of micro thin-wall plastic parts are discussed by single factor method, compare the significance of each factors.The simulation results showed that volume could be improved with the increase of melt temperature ,molding temperature, injection pressure and injection rate.
Hydrogen Storage in A-Type Zeolite by Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Du Xiao Ming , Huang Yong , Wu Er Dong
Published: May 2011

Grand Canonical Monte Carlo(GCMC) method was employed to simulate the adsorption properties of molecular hydrogen on NaA zeolite at 40-293 K and pressures up to 10000 kPa in this paper. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity of hydrogen increased with decreasing temperatures and increasing pressures. The highest hydrogen uptake value is 1.54 wt.% at 40 K and 10000kPa. Adsorption temperature has an important effect on adsorption energies and adsorption sites of hydrogen molecules in NaA zeolite. For lower temperature (below 180 K), the oxygen atoms of zeolite framework and extra-framework cations are stable adsorption sites of hydrogen molecules. For the higher temperatures (above 180 K), the oxygen atoms are only stable adsorption sites of hydrogen molecules.
Study on Method to Extract Feature Parameter of Wear Particle Group in Ferrographic Image for the Diesel Engine Lubricants
Authors: Wang Hong Zhi , Li Guo Bin , Guan De Lin
Published: May 2011

According to the consistency between multi-scale decompositions and self-similarity in both wavelet transform and fractal theory, a new method has been developed to extract the feature parameter of wear particle group on the ferrographic image for diesel engine lubricants. The algorithm of minutiae extraction have been carried out by wavelet transform approach and the fractal dimension, and then the feature parameter can be obtained for the wear particle group on the ferrographic image. The fractal dimension D reflects the ferrographic image character in the scale and the amount of wear particle group, which can be used as a comprehensive feature parameter. The metal-ceramic nano-lubricant, which has been applied in the wear test of cylinder and piston-ring material from MAN B&WS50MC marine diesel engine, represent that the wear is speedup suitably, and then the fractal dimension D has consistency with the results of ferrographic analysis.
Qualitative Assessment of the RCS Reduction Benefits on Detection Probability of an Armed Helicopter
Authors: Pei Yang , Guo Ting , Dong Qiang , Song Bi Feng
Published: May 2011

The ability of a threat system to quickly detect, locate, identify, and accurately track an armored helicopter has a significant influence upon the safety of the target. RCS (radar cross section) reduction is a major consideration in the design of a stealthy armed helicopter. This paper is to provide a systematic method for qualitatively assessing the RCS reduction benefits on the helicopter detection probability. Considering the helicopter radar scatter signal of mirror reflection and edge diffraction at high radar frequency, the RCS computation methods of PO (physical optics) and ILDC (increment length diffraction coefficient) are firstly introduced. Then probability theory is employed to predict the radar detection probability. Moreover, two hypothesis armed helicopters, in which one is conventionally designed and another is stealthily designed with radar absorbent material, are used as an example to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Analysis shows that the benefits of radar signature reduction (i.e., radar absorbent material) include a decrease in the radar detection probability and an increase in the effectiveness of any radar countermeasures.
Research on Control System of Hybrid Regenerative Braking and Low Speed Energy Recovery
Authors: Sun Ping , Yu Xiu Min , Yi Wen Suo , Ding Hua Jie , Liang Jin Guang
Published: May 2011

The energy utilization is crucial for electric or hybrid vehicles to solve the problem of braking energy recovery, especially of low speed energy recovery. In this paper, the energy transform model of electric vehicle in braking state is analyzed, and the half bridge control main circuit was selected. The energy recovery strategies and methods on the breaking process of low speed were researched. The concrete realization of parameters decision and system control was given. The results show that the energy recovery strategy and electric vehicle model can improve the energy transform efficiency in low speed state.
Study on Tourism Ecological Footprint of Loudi City in Hunan “3+5” Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Liu Xin Tian , Sheng Zheng Fa , Wang Ye Liang
Published: May 2011

With the rapid development of tourism in“3+5” urban agglomeration, more and more attention is paid to ecological security triggered by tourism wave. Taking Loudi City in urban agglomeration as an example, conduct empirical study on the application of ecological footprint theories and methods on the quantitative evaluation of sustainable development of regional tourism. The results show: tourism ecological footprint per capita of Loudi was 768.9881×10-5hm2 in 2009 in which transportation taking 55.3156% is the maximum, and food consumption taking 39.7622% is the second one. Tourism ecological capacity per capita was 1520.5170×10-5hm2; tourism ecological surplus per capita was 751.5289×10-5hm2 and ecological security degree was 0.5057 which showed a common condition or could be said as a safer condition. However, with the rapid development of tourism, tourism ecological footprint of Loudi City shows an increasing trend year by year. We should coordinate well the relationship between tourism development and ecological environmental protection.
Knowledge Acqusion Model via E-Learning in SNS Oriented Knowledge Community of Enterprise
Authors: Wu Bing , Xu Wen Xia , Ge Jun
Published: May 2011

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a general scenario for Enterprise SNS knowledge community of E-Learning to promote knowledge innovation, including four sub processes and two knowledge techniques. First, four sub processes are researched respectively, including: motivation to acquire new knowledge, knowledge searching and collection, knowledge decision-making and knowledge innovation. Second, knowledge base and recommendation are two knowledge techniques. The paper underscores the significance of E-Learning to improve knowledge innovation in enterprise and a case study is given.
Trust Analysis in Social Network Community Research
Authors: Wu Bing , Xu Wen Xia , Ge Jun
Published: May 2011

This study is a productivity review on the literature gleaned from SSCI, SCIE databases concerning trust analysis in social network community research. The result indicates that the number of literature productions on trust analysis in social network community is still growing. The main research development country is the United States, and from the analysis of the distribution of language, English is the most popular language. Moreover the research focuses on are mainly empirical research, computational model and recommendation system, we analyze these typical references in detail, also limitations and future research.
Preparation and Characterization of Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Li Mei
Published: May 2011

Polypropylene(PP)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by solution blending. The microstructure of PP/clay nanocomposites was studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to investigate thermal properties of PP/clay nanocomposites. XRD pattern prove that clay layers were exfoliated into nanometer size in PP matrix and that α-Phase crystallite was the main crystallite of PP in PP/clay nanocomposites. TGA examinations confirmed that the maximum decomposition temperature of PP/clay nanocomposites was higher than that of neat PP and that the thermal stability of PP/clay nanocomposites rose noticeably. Results of DSC scans showed the crystalliztion temperature of nanocomposites was slightly bigger than that of pure PP due to the efficient nucleating effects of clay layers.
Study on Biomedical Prospects of Extractives of Pinus massoniana Lamb
Authors: Zhang Dang Quan , Ma Qing Zhi , Liu Qi Mei , Peng Wan Xi , Zhang Huai Yun , Peng Kuan , Gu Zheng Jun , Yang Mo Hua
Published: May 2011

Pinus massoniana Lamb has been used to heal some specific diseases in the Chinese Folk for a long time. In order to explore the wide utilization in biomedicine and spicery, the chemical components of helium extractives from the fresh wood of Pinus massoniana Lamb was studied by TD-GC/MS. The results showed that the main components were 1,4-Methanoazulene, decahydro-4,8, 8-trimethyl-9-methylene- (29.98%), 1,4-Methanoazulen-9-ol, decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl- (10.32%), 1R-.alpha.-Pinene (8.33%), 1,2,4-Methenoazulene, decahydro-1, 5,5,8a-tetramethyl- (4.72%), Borneol (2.99%), Thujopsene (2.80%), 1-Phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde, 7-ethenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b, 5,6,7,9,10,10a- dodecahydro-1,4a,7-trimethyl- (2.53%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1R)- (2.52%), Caryophyllene oxide (2.40%), Tricyclo[5.4.0.0(2,8)]undec-9-ene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl- (2.32%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (2.274%), Acetic acid (2.07%), Eucalyptol (1.70%), Eucalyptol (1.70%), Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy- (1.61%), etc. The analytical result suggested that the helium extractives from the fresh wood of Pinus massoniana Lamb could be used as industrial materials of biomedicines and spicery.
Malicious Codes Detection Inspired by MHC
Authors: Zhang Yu , Song Li Ping , Yang Li Heng
Published: May 2011

More and more malicious codes spread faster than ever and make the traditional anti-virus technology based on virus signatures to encounter unprecedented difficulties. People try to seek inspirations from Nature. The biology immune system provides a novel idea for malicious codes detection. Inspired by the features of MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) in the biological immune system, we propose an MHC-inspired method for malicious codes detection to effectively detect previously unknown malicious codes. The antibody (detector) consists of the constant region and the variable region. The constant region, filled with MHC genes, is to preserve outstanding antibody genes. The variable region, composed of other antibodies genes fragments, is to improve the antibody diversity by mutation. The dynamic evolution of self and nonself, the presentation of antigen, and the generation of antibody are discussed. The experiments are conducted and the results indicate that the proposed method has relatively higher detection rate of unknown malicious codes than AISCSA, a typical immunity-based method for malicious codes detection.
Connected Partial Hybrid-Type Target Coverage Model in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Wang Mao Wen , Guo Bao Pin
Published: May 2011

This model has the advantage of solving the sensor coverage problems with complex target types. In this paper, we analyze the problem of Clifford connected partial Hybrid-type target coverage where cover sets are allowed to monitor a subset of the Hybrid-type targets at any point in time, while Clifford connectivity with the base station is retained. We analyzed the Clifford connection Partial target coverage, and proposed an algorithm--- CSNCPCCA on the basis of the Clifford connecting partial Hybrid-type coverage model of Clifford sensor network. At the same time the deployment of the sensor network achieves full coverage and connectivity among working nodes. Finally, we tested and verified the rationality of the model and the algorithm with actual data.
Research on Engineering Project Time-Cost Optimization Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Wang Ting , Li Li Feng
Published: May 2011

In order to reasonably reduce the cost of project, and reduce the duration of project, the engineering project time–cost must be optimized. The paper concludes the project time - cost optimal solution, by establishing programming model of project time–cost nonlinear relation, and using particle swarm optimization algorithm to achieve progress optimization. And using an example shows that this optimization method is the feasibility and practicability in solving engineering project time–cost of nonlinear optimization.
Node Placement Strategies to Prolong Lifetime in One-Dimensional Linear Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Yang Guang Song , Xiao Ming Bo
Published: May 2011

We investigate the node distribution strategy in one-dimensional linear wireless sensor networks(WSNs), which aims to avoid the energy hole around the sink. We set up the network model and analyze the energy consumption factors, such as data compression and aggregation, and propose energy balance strategies due to different placement scenarios. In the uniform node distribution scenerio, based on selected optimal hop distance, we can add more backup batteries to some nodes to balance the sensors‘ lifetime. In the hop distance variable scenario, we can select different optimal hop lengths. Simulation results show that, in a WSN with linear topology, aggregation and compression should be supplied with backup battery to balance energy consumptions and to maximize the network lifetime.