bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Access to Kidney Transplantation for Minority Children With End‐Stage Renal Disease and Predictors of Post‐Transplant Outcome: Impact of Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Matloff Robyn , Foster Caitlin E. , Hanna Jonathan , Mason Sherene , Morgan Glyn , Serrano Oscar K.
Published: January 2025

Background

Racial disparities in access to kidney transplantation (KT) have been described among children with end‐stage renal disease in the United States. It has been suggested that these disparities stem from a combination of clinical and socioeconomic factors.

Methods

We evaluated data from the US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) of all pediatric (< 18 years old) KT recipients from 1999 to 2014 and compared outcomes by race or ethnicity: Hispanic, non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW), and non‐Hispanic Blacks (NHB). We assessed 1‐ and 5‐year patient survival (PS) and death‐censored graft survival (DCGS) using Kaplan–Meier survival cures. Multivariate logistic regressions of graft failure by 1 and 5 years examined effects of race/ethnicity by controlling for donor and recipient characteristics including living or deceased donor, recipient age, BMI, re‐transplant status, cPRA, HLA mismatch, graft rejection, cold ischemia time (CIT), and type of insurance.

Results

During the 15‐year period, 11 740 (6596 NHW, 2306 NHB, and 2838 Hispanic) pediatric KT recipients were performed in the United States. Compared to NHW (250 ± 335 days), NHB (293 ± 348; p < 0.001) and Hispanics (322 ± 353; p < 0.001) spent more time on the waitlist. One‐year PS for NHW, NHB, and Hispanics was 98.6%, 98.6%, and 99.0%, respectively; one‐year DCGS was 95.5%, 93.7%, and 96.0%, respectively. Five‐year PS for NHW, NHB, and Hispanics was 95.5%, 93.1%, and 95.5%, respectively; five‐year DCGS was 80.7%, 60.3%, and 76.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that higher recipient cPRA (OR 1.0, 95% CI 1.0–1.0; p = 0.005), greater HLA mismatch (OR 1.1, 95% 1.0–1.3; p = 0.008), rejection (OR 3.9, 95% CI 2.1–7.0; p < 0.001), and secondary kidney transplantation (OR 15.0, 95% CI 11.5–19.4; p < 0.001) were associated with 1‐year graft loss; older recipient age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.1; p < 0.001), higher recipient cPRA (OR 1.0, 95% CI 1.0–1.0; p < 0.001), greater HLA mismatch (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.1; p = 0.002), rejection (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.3–3.0; p = 0.001), and secondary kidney transplantation (OR 11.2, 95% CI 9.6–13.0; p < 0.001) were predictive of 5‐year graft loss. Patients with public insurance have higher risks of 1‐year and 5‐year graft loss (p < 0.001) than those with private insurance payers.

Conclusion

Racial and ethnic minority children in the United States have lower access to KT with clinical outcomes suggesting a disparate trajectory. NHB demonstrate unfavorable DCGS while Hispanic children have comparable or better DCGS and PS outcomes compared to NHW. Elucidating the clinical or socioeconomic roots of these differences may identify mitigating measures that can improve KT outcomes for these minoritized populations.
Consecutive oxidative stress in CATALASE2‐deficient Arabidopsis negatively regulates Glycolate Oxidase1 activity through S‐nitrosylation
Authors: Yang Tianzhao , Mu Xiujie , Yu Mei , Ergashev Ulugbek , Zhu Yihan , Shi Ningning , Li Ninghong , Luo Long , Zhang Kuanchao , Han Yi
Published: January 2025

Glycolate oxidase (GOX) is a crucial enzyme of photorespiration involving carbon metabolism and stress responses. It is poorly understood, however, how its activities are modulated in response to oxidative stress elicited by various environmental cues. Analysis of Arabidopsis catalase‐defective mutant cat2 revealed that the GOX activities were gradually repressed during the growth, which were accompanied by decreased salicylic acid (SA)‐dependent cell death, suggesting photorespiratory H2O2 may entrain negative feedback regulation of GOX in an age‐dependent manner. Intriguingly, a loss‐of‐function mutation in GLYCOLATE OXIDASE1 (GOX1) rather than in GOX2 and GOX3 attenuated the SA responses of cat2. We found that GOX1 is S‐nitrosylated at Cys‐343 during consecutive oxidative stress in the cat2 mutant. Subsequently, increased GOX1‐SNO formations may contribute to progressively decreased GOX activities and then compromised photorespiratory H2O2 flux, which forms a negative feedback loop limiting the amplified activation of SA‐dependent defence responses. Together, the data reveal that GOX S‐nitrosylation is involved in the crosstalk between photorespiratory H2O2 and NO signalling in the fine‐tuning regulation of oxidative stress responses and further highlight that NO‐based S‐nitrosylation acts as an on–off switch for ROS homeostasis.
Relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases: A bibliometric and visual study
Authors: Isola Gaetano , Polizzi Alessandro , Serra Sara , Boato Mattia , Sculean Anton
Published: January 2025

To provide a comprehensive and updated mapping of observational studies assessing the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases through a bibliometric and visual analysis. A search was conducted using the Web of Science database, covering the period 1989 to 2024. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) from the US National Library of Medicine was used to categorize systemic conditions, focusing on terms unrelated to stomatognathic diseases. The analysis included keyword co‐occurrence mapping, co‐authorship, bibliographic coupling, and co‐citation analysis. Quality indicators such as silhouette score, modularity, and centrality were considered to assess the network's quality. The research strategy identified 6106 records, of which 1519 met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed that 46.73% of the literature on the topic was published in the last 5 years and that the annual publication trend peaked in 2023. Nutritional & Metabolic Diseases (n = 398), Cardiovascular Diseases (n = 335), Female Urogenital Diseases & Pregnancy Complications (n = 244), and Musculoskeletal Diseases (n = 182) were the most representative categories of systemic diseases associated with periodontitis. The most co‐cited journals on the topic were the Journal of Periodontology (n = 1412), the Journal of Clinical Periodontology (n = 1343), the Journal of Dental Research (n = 940), and Periodontology 2000 (n = 849). The USA, China, Brazil, and Sweden were the countries that contributed the most to the number of publications. The analysis conducted in the present study revealed a growing trend of observational studies evaluating the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases, highlighting the negative impact of periodontitis on a plethora of systemic conditions and a rising translational interest in this relationship. With an aging population, periodontitis is expected to affect a growing number of people in the coming decades, presenting significant challenges to public health. Improved knowledge is, therefore, essential to enable more comprehensive care, preventive strategies, and optimal oral health for patients with periodontitis.
Fish Tracking, Counting, and Behaviour Analysis in Digital Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Cui Meng , Liu Xubo , Liu Haohe , Zhao Jinzheng , Li Daoliang , Wang Wenwu
Published: January 2025

Digital aquaculture leverages advanced technologies and data‐driven methods, providing substantial benefits over traditional aquaculture practices. This article presents a comprehensive review of three interconnected digital aquaculture tasks, namely, fish tracking, counting, and behaviour analysis, using a novel and unified approach. Unlike previous reviews which focused on single modalities or individual tasks, we analyse vision‐based (i.e., image‐ and video‐based), acoustic‐based, and biosensor‐based methods across all three tasks. We examine their advantages, limitations, and applications, highlighting recent advancements and identifying critical cross‐cutting research gaps. The review also includes emerging ideas such as applying multitask learning and large language models to address various aspects of fish monitoring, an approach not previously explored in aquaculture literature. We identify the major obstacles hindering research progress in this field, including the scarcity of comprehensive fish datasets and the lack of unified evaluation standards. To overcome the current limitations, we explore the potential of using emerging technologies such as multimodal data fusion and deep learning to improve the accuracy, robustness, and efficiency of integrated fish monitoring systems. In addition, we provide a summary of existing datasets available for fish tracking, counting, and behaviour analysis. This holistic perspective offers a roadmap for future research, emphasizing the need for comprehensive datasets and evaluation standards to facilitate meaningful comparisons between technologies and to promote their practical implementations in real‐world settings.
A Tropist Relational Account of Hallucinations
Authors: Gu Zhiwei
Published: January 2025

I propose a tropist relational account of hallucinations in which the subject stands in relation to an instantiated trope complex. Philosophers typically maintain that hallucinations lack appropriate ordinary objects, thus rendering a relational account, which requires an actual relatum, impossible. While ordinary objects are indeed absent in hallucinations, I argue that an actually instantiated trope complex is available and sufficient to account for the phenomenology of hallucinations. The main challenge for a tropist relational account lies in explaining how an actually instantiated trope complex can exist without being owned by any individual object. Drawing on Donald Williams's trope theory, I develop a tropist conception of instantiation that does not require a concrete particular or an individual as the property bearer. This conception of instantiation effectively explains the absence of apparently existing hallucinated objects.
Once Upon a Lesbian Theory
Authors: Mallette Wendy
Published: January 2025

“Once Upon a Lesbian Theory” analyzes how stories told about the origins of queer theory can distort and exclude, extending Kent Brintnall's “Once Upon a Queer Theory” in a lesbian key. I first consider the fate of lesbian theory as it emerges within one dominant mode of queer storytelling: the progress narrative. I trace the racial and temporal politics of this story across queer theory, religious studies, and theology. Next, I turn to two literary critics, Barbara Christian and Barbara Johnson, to glean two approaches to lesbian theory. In the concluding section, I go looking for lesbian theory, considering sites, sources, and archives for lesbian theorizing within religious studies and theology. “Once Upon a Lesbian Theory” is ultimately a fabled story that invites us to think about the complicities, contradictions, and desires that shape the stories we tell about lesbian, trans, and queer theory.
Investigating the Roles of Gender, Age, and Sport Characteristics on School and Sport Burnout in Finnish Lower Secondary School Student Athletes
Authors: Phipps Daniel J. , Saarinen Milla , Kuokkanen Joni , Romar Jan‐Erik
Published: January 2025

School sport programs for lower secondary school in Finland (i.e., Grades 7–9) show great promise in helping student athletes prepare for careers in both sport and academic pursuits. However, it has also been found that participation in these programs is highly competitive and demanding and may result in poor mental health outcomes like burnout for some students. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how burnout in sport and school in Finnish lower secondary school students was associated with gender, age, training loads, level of competition, and sport type. A sample of 856 lower secondary school students (Grades 7–9, ages 13–15 years old) completed measures of sport and school burnout and provided information on their demographics and sport. Gender, age, training loads, level of competition, and sport type predicted a small but significant portion of variance in sport‐related exhaustion, cynicism, and inadequacy, and in school‐related exhaustion, but not school cynicism or inadequacy. Females and student athletes with higher training loads generally reported higher levels of burnout, while only a small number of effects related to age, competition level, and type of sport were observed. Lower secondary sports schools in Finland might aim to understand the difficulties encountered by student athletes, particularly females and those with higher training loads. This understanding can guide them in taking informed, practical measures to safeguard the mental health of these students and optimize their performance both academically and athletically.
In Tune With the Times? When Neo‐Peasants Choose Animal Traction to be Part of a More Sustainable Production Model
Authors: Miara Maurice , Boudes Philippe , Gafsi Mohamed , Rabier Thierry
Published: January 2025

As regards alternative agricultural practices today, it is worth noticing the increase in the use of animal traction (AT) in France. Yet, the reasons for this reappropriation remain unclear. The life paths and motivations of users are the focus of this article. The study is based on 33 qualitative interviews with French farmers. It uses Gasson's theoretical framework and a life course analysis. Findings show that farmers who have chosen AT first tend to question the agricultural model. They can be described as neo‐rurals motivated by their political opinions, a desire for greater autonomy and their passion for horses. These neo‐peasants have opted for animal‐drawn cultivation because they reject the main agricultural system and wish to create a new connection with nature. This study is also addressed to policymakers and people advocating more sustainable agricultural practices in general.
Coherency properties for monoids of transformations and partitions
Authors: Brookes Matthew , Gould Victoria , Ruškuc Nik
Published: January 2025

A monoid is right coherent if every finitely generated subact of every finitely presented right ‐act itself has a finite presentation; it is weakly right coherent if every finitely generated right ideal of has a finite presentation. We show that full and partial transformation monoids, symmetric inverse monoids and partition monoids over an infinite set are all weakly right coherent, but that none of them is right coherent. Left coherency and weak left coherency are defined dually, and the corresponding results hold for these properties. In order to prove the non‐coherency results, we give a presentation of an inverse semigroup which does not embed into any left or right coherent monoid.
Determining the methodological rigor and overall quality of out-of-hospital clinical practice guidelines: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Schultz Brendan V. , Barker Timothy H. , Bosley Emma , Munn Zachary
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This scoping review will aim to determine the methodological rigor and quality of out-of-hospital clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) by collating and describing all literature that assessed these documents using a structured appraisal instrument.

Introduction:

In the out-of-hospital setting, the provision of emergency health care by paramedics and first responders is guided, directed, or informed by localized, overarching CPGs. Numerous CPGs in this setting have been assessed for their methodological rigor and overall quality using an appraisal instrument. However, a summation of the overall standard of guidelines within this space has yet to be described.

Inclusion criteria:

This scoping review will consider all primary and secondary peer-reviewed research that has used a structured appraisal instrument to assess the overall quality of CPGs designed specifically for the out-of-hospital setting. Studies that have assessed CPGs designed for in-hospital environments, such as emergency departments, critical care units, or surgical wards, will be excluded.

Methods:

This review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The following databases and/or information sources will be searched: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOhost), Scopus, and ProQuest Central (ProQuest). No publication or language limits will be applied. Study selection and data extraction will be performed independently by 2 reviewers, with any disagreements resolved by discussion or with the involvement of an independent third reviewer. In instances where crucial data cannot be extracted, the corresponding author of the article will be contacted. Data will be analyzed using basic descriptive techniques and will be presented in both tabular and diagrammatic formats, accompanied by a narrative description.

Review registration:

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/qvrhw
Load-Bearing Wing Structures Inspired by Natural Cellular Materials
Authors: Ebad Sichani Sepideh , Ning Xin
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the optimization frameworks for designing cellular internal structures of an aircraft wing subjected to aerodynamic loads. Inspired by natural cellular materials, this study employs lattice and foam cells as the internal structures of the aircraft wing. The distribution of the cell materials is optimized by minimizing the mass and maximizing the stiffness while avoiding the global buckling of the wing. The optimization variables for the lattice structure are the cell size distribution field and the strut radii (or cell face thicknesses). Various weighting factor combinations are applied to the two competing objectives to obtain the optimal solution, considering different priorities of reducing mass or increasing stiffness. The results demonstrate that the wings with optimized cellular internal structures have higher structural efficiency than the reference wings with uniform cellular internal structures. The optimized wings also achieve higher structural efficiency than conventional wing designs when requiring heavy loading or a balanced tradeoff between load-bearing capacity and mass.
Codesigning a Home-Based Exercise Program With and for People With Visual Impairments: A Needs Assessment
Authors: Choi Soyoung , Chen Junchi , Sebastião Emerson , Aguiñaga Susan , Haegele Justin
Published: January 2025

This needs-assessment study evaluated the physical activity levels, needs, preferences, and requirements for exercise among individuals with visual impairments, aiming to establish evidence for the codesign of a subsequent home-based exercise program. The questionnaire, comprising 35 questions, was developed by a research team of disability and adapted physical activity experts. It was implemented for the online survey, collecting data from 145 adults with severe low vision and blindness between January 15 and January 29, 2024. Descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis were employed. Seventy-five participants (62.5%) were classified as overweight or obese, and only 15 participants reported engaging in the recommended levels of physical activity. Regarding the requirements for future home-based exercise programs, seven themes were identified: accessibility, nonvisual learning support, safety management, personalization, motivation, education, and technology. The results emphasized the urgent need for adapted home-based exercise programs that align with individuals’ specific health conditions and abilities.
Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Longitudinal Trajectories of Perceived Stress and Control Among Athletes in Sports Competitions
Authors: Lepers Emmanuelle , Levillain Guillaume , Martinent Guillaume , Nicolas Michel
Published: January 2025

The aim of the study was to identify distinct trajectories of perceived stress and control in athletes across a season of sports competitions and whether these trajectory memberships could be predicted by subdimensions of the emotional intelligence (EI). Latent class growth analyses were performed on a five-stage longitudinal measurement plan (to cover the entire sporting season). Four hundred fifteen athletes answered to the Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Mastery Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Attainment of Sport Achievement Goal Scale. The analyses revealed two trajectories of perceived stress (one trajectory adapted and one maladapted to performance) and two trajectories of perceived control (one trajectory adapted and one maladapted to performance). Moreover, athletes with higher emotional intelligence emotion regulation scores belong significantly more to performance-adaptive trajectories. The obtained results could contribute to the advancement of emotional intelligence intervention programs to optimize the dynamics of perceived stress and control within the sporting season.
Photophysics-informed two-photon voltage imaging using FRET-opsin voltage indicators
Authors: Brooks F. Phil , Gong Daozheng , Davis Hunter C. , Park Pojeong , Qi Yitong , Cohen Adam E.
Published: January 2025

Microbial rhodopsin–derived genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are powerful tools for mapping bioelectrical dynamics in cell culture and in live animals. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)–opsin GEVIs use voltage-dependent quenching of an attached fluorophore, achieving high brightness, speed, and voltage sensitivity. However, the voltage sensitivity of most FRET-opsin GEVIs has been reported to decrease or vanish under two-photon (2P) excitation. Here, we investigated the photophysics of the FRET-opsin GEVIs Voltron1 and Voltron2. We found that the previously reported negative-going voltage sensitivities of both GEVIs came from photocycle intermediates, not from the opsin ground states. The voltage sensitivities of both GEVIs were nonlinear functions of illumination intensity; for Voltron1, the sensitivity reversed the sign under low-intensity illumination. Using photocycle-optimized 2P illumination protocols, we demonstrate 2P voltage imaging with Voltron2 in the barrel cortex of a live mouse. These results open the door to high-speed 2P voltage imaging of FRET-opsin GEVIs in vivo.
Three-dimensional nonreciprocal transport in photonic topological heterostructure of arbitrary shape
Authors: Wang Mudi , Zhang Ruo-Yang , Zhang Chenyu , Xue Haoran , Jia Hongwei , Hu Jing , Wang Dongyang , Jiang Tianshu , Chan Che Ting
Published: January 2025

Electromagnetic wave propagation in three-dimensional (3D) space typically suffers omnidirectional scattering when encountering obstacles. In this study, we used Chern vectors to construct a topological heterostructure, where large-volume nonreciprocal topological transport in 3D is achieved. The shape of the cross section in the heterostructure can be arbitrary designed, and we experimentally observed the distinctive cross-shaped field pattern transport, nonreciprocal energy harvesting, and the remarkable ability of electromagnetic wave to traverse obstacles and abrupt structure changes without encountering reflections in 3D space.
Targeting the CD74 signaling axis suppresses inflammation and rescues defective hematopoiesis in
RUNX1
-familial platelet disorder
Authors: Mohammadhosseini Mona , Enright Trevor , Duvall Adam , Chitsazan Alex , Lin Hsin-Yun , Ors Aysegul , Davis Brett A. , Nikolova Olga , Bresciani Erica , Diemer Jamie , Craft Kathleen , Menezes Ana Catarina , Merguerian Matthew , Chong Shawn , Calvo Katherine R. , Deuitch Natalie T. , Glushakow-Smith Shira , Gritsman Kira , Godley Lucy A. , Horwitz Marshall S. , Keel Sioban , Castilla Lucio H. , Demir Emek , Mohammed Hisham , Liu Paul , Agarwal Anupriya
Published: January 2025

Familial platelet disorder (FPD) is associated with germline
RUNX1
mutations, establishing a preleukemic state and increasing the risk of developing leukemia. Currently, there are no intervention strategies to prevent leukemia progression. Single-cell RNA sequencing (
n
= 10) combined with functional analysis of samples from patients with
RUNX1
-FPD (
n
> 75) revealed that FPD hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) displayed increased myeloid differentiation and suppressed megakaryopoiesis because of increased activation of prosurvival and inflammatory pathways. Bone marrow from patients with
RUNX1
-FPD contained an elevated cytokine milieu, exerting chronic inflammatory stress on HSPCs.
RUNX1
-FPD HSPCs were myeloid biased, had increased self-renewal, and were resistant to inflammation-mediated exhaustion. The bone marrow from patients with
RUNX1
-FPD showed high transcript and protein expression of CD74 at the preleukemic stage compared with that of healthy controls, which remained high upon patient transformation into leukemia. Further, CD74-mediated signaling was exaggerated in
RUNX1
-FPD HSPCs compared with healthy controls, leading to the activation of mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways with increased cytokine production. Genetic and pharmacological targeting of CD74 with ISO-1 and its downstream targets JAK1/2 and mTOR reversed
RUNX1
-FPD differentiation defects in vitro and in vivo and reduced inflammation. Our results highlight that inflammation is an early event in
RUNX1
-FPD pathogenesis, and CD74 signaling is one of the drivers of this inflammation. The repurposing of JAK1/2i (ruxolitinib) and mTORi (sirolimus) and promoting the advancement of CD74 inhibitors in clinical settings as an early intervention strategy would be beneficial to improve the phenotype of patients with
RUNX1
-FPD and prevent myeloid progression.
Evaluation of the safety profile and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of intravenous fosfomycin in healthy adults
Authors: Boole Lindsay , Yang Zhonghui , Bergin Stephen P. , Tighe Robert M. , Randolph Emily , Hauser Byron , Gu Kenan , Ghazaryan Varduhi , Wall Alison , Weigand Katherine , Walter Emmanuel B. , Que Loretta G.
Published: January 2025

This Phase 1 trial described the intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and safety profile of IV fosfomycin in healthy participants
.
Fosfomycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic mainly used to treat urinary tract infections, is being considered for treatment of more complex conditions, including lung infections, due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. Despite its potential, the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of intravenous (IV) fosfomycin, particularly its penetration into the lower respiratory tract, are unknown. To address this gap, we conducted a Phase 1, open-label trial to assess the safety and pulmonary pharmacokinetics of IV fosfomycin in healthy participants. Thirty-seven healthy volunteers aged 18–45 years received three doses of 6 g IV fosfomycin every 8 hours. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at randomly assigned time points after the third dose. BAL fluid, BAL cell pellets, and blood plasma samples for fosfomycin were analyzed using validated assays of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Adverse events (AEs) were assessed. Fosfomycin exhibited penetration into alveolar macrophages (AM) at a rate of 16.8% and into the extracellular lining fluid (ELF) at 30.8%. Mean AM fosfomycin concentration ranged from 14.8 to 32 μg/mL, while the mean ELF concentration ranged from 15.7 to 82.5 μg/mL. All participants experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), mostly mild/grade 1, with no serious adverse events (SAEs) reported. Intravenous fosfomycin effectively penetrates both the extracellular (ELF) and intracellular (AM) compartments of the lower respiratory tract in healthy participants. The overall tolerability of IV fosfomycin was favorable, suggesting its potential as an effective antibacterial treatment for lower respiratory tract infections.

CLINICAL TRIALS

This study is registered with

ClinicalTrials.gov
as
NCT03910673

.
Use of machine learning in occupational risk communication for healthcare workers: protocol for scoping review
Authors: de Oliveira Gabriela Laudares Albuquerque , Bonow Clarice Alves , Rodrigues Itiberê de Oliveira Castellano , Geraldo Amanda Xavier
Published: January 2025

Introduction

With the development of technology, the use of machine learning (ML), a branch of computer science that aims to transform computers into decision-making agents through algorithms, has grown exponentially. This protocol arises from the need to explore the best practices for applying ML in the communication and management of occupational risks for healthcare workers.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review protocol details a search to be conducted in the academic databases, Public Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, through the Virtual Health Library: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, West Pacific Region Index Medicus, Nursing Database and Scientific Electronic Library Online, Scopus, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore Digital Library and Excerpta Medica Database. This scoping review protocol outlines the objectives, methods and timeline for a review that will explore and map the existing scientific evidence and knowledge on the use of ML in risk communication for healthcare workers. This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for conducting scoping reviews. The guiding question of the review is: how is ML used in risk communication for healthcare workers? The search will use Population, Concept and Context terms and the specific descriptors defined by each database. The narrative synthesis will describe the main themes and findings of the review.

The results of this scoping review will be disseminated through publication in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required; data will rely on published articles. Findings will be published open access in an international peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

The protocol for this review was registered in the Open Science Framework under DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/92SK4 (available athttps://osf.io/92SK4).
The hidden cost of digital learning: a cross-sectional study assessing the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) among medical students in Jordan
Authors: Alkousheh Hazim , Alkousheh Yara , Qawaqzeh Rana , Al Juneidi Layan , Al-Zerikat Lina , Hussain Ayat , Al-latayfeh Motasem
Published: January 2025

Objective

Increased screen time has resulted in widespread computer vision syndrome (CVS) in the digital era. Medical students, who rely heavily on digital screens, are particularly at risk. Our study aims to evaluate the prevalence of CVS among Jordanian medical students, which is a gap in existing knowledge.

Design

Cross-sectional study

Setting

National multicentre study conducted across six universities in Jordan.

Participants

Medical students from first to sixth year.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary outcome: Prevalence of CVS among medical students in Jordan.

Secondary outcomes: Identification of risk factors associated with CVS, assessment of the correlation between screen time and the severity of CVS symptoms.

Results

The prevalence of CVS among medical students was 56.3%. Among the 833 participants, 543 were females (65.2%) and 290 were males (34.8%). The CVS group reported a median of five symptoms, whereas two symptoms were reported in the non-CVS group (p<0.001). Compared with males, females reported significantly more symptoms (p<0.001). Dry eyes (26.3%) and headaches (25.9%) were the most reported symptoms. Continuous screen use was associated with CVS group status (p=0.008). Moderate positive correlations were found between the number of symptoms and the frequency of monthly symptom attacks and between the duration and frequency of symptom attacks (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Our study found a 56.3% prevalence of CVS among Jordanian medical students, with over 80% having ocular and extraocular symptoms. Symptoms, attack duration and frequency were higher, especially in females, highlighting the need for preventive measures and increased awareness about prolonged screen use.
Detection of paediatric skull fractures using POCUS
Authors: Shogan Hamza , Bhangu Avneesh Kumar
Published: January 2025

A shortcut review of the literature was conducted to examine the sensitivity and specificity of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in detecting paediatric skull fractures. A total of 162 publications were screened by title and abstract, 13 studies underwent full text review, and after review of bibliographies of meta-analyses and systematic reviews, a total of 6 articles were included. Details about the author, date of publication, country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes (skull fracture), results and study limitations were tabulated. The clinical bottom line is that, in paediatric patients with a minor head injury, POCUS performed by emergency medicine physicians has a sensitivity ranging between 77% and 100% and a specificity between 85% and 100% for skull fracture detection, and its use in clinical decision-making has yet to be validated.
Impact of drug-coated balloon for vascular luminal dilatational remodeling after balloon angioplasty in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ding Qianhao , He Yingkun , Zhao Jingge , Liu Wenbo , Zhu Zhengpeng , Pang Yukuan , Zhao Yang , Liu Yang , Wang Zi-liang , Zhu Liangfu , He Yanyan , Li Tianxiao
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to examine the effect of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) on vascular luminal dilatational remodeling (VLDR) following simple balloon angioplasty.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from patients diagnosed with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), who were treated exclusively with balloon angioplasty at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital between June 2019 and April 2023. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to create balanced cohorts of patients who underwent drug-coated balloon angioplasty (DCBA) and plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA). The primary endpoint was VLDR occurrence during follow-up, with the effect of DCBA on VLDR assessed by adjusted multivariate regression.

Results

The study included 110 patients who underwent simple percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, with 60 in the DCBA group and 50 in the POBA group. At follow-up, the stenosis rate in the DCBA group was lower than in the POBA group (P<0.001). The decrease in stenosis rate (DSR) was greater in the DCBA group compared with the POBA group (P<0.001). Nineteen patients (31.7%) in the DCBA group experienced VLDR, whereas only four (8%) in the POBA group developed VLDR, a statistically significant difference (P=0.002). After IPW adjustment, differences in stenosis rate (34.17 (20.00, 46.72) vs 46.00 (37.88, 70.00), P<0.001), DSR (-1.66 (-16.71, 11.40) vs -18.00 (-28.00, -3.00), P<0.001) and VLDR incidence (32.2% vs 9.9%, P<0.001) between the DCBA and POBA groups remained significant. Multivariate regression analysis identified DCBA as an independent factor influencing VLDR occurrence.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that, compared with POBA, DCBA increases VLDR occurrence in ICAS patients during follow-up.
Sex-related differences in motor unit firing rate and pennation angle
Authors: Marsala Michael J. , Kells Alicia M. , Christie Anita D.
Published: January 2025

Motor unit firing rate (MUFR) and pennation angle were measured concurrently in males and females from submaximal to maximal intensities. Thirty participants, (16 female, 14 male) performed isometric dorsiflexion contractions at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). During each contraction, measures of MUFR were obtained via surface electromyography decomposition, and muscle fiber pennation angle and fascicle length were obtained via ultrasound. There was no significant interaction effect of sex and contraction intensity present for mean MUFR ( p = 0.24), pennation angle ( p = 0.98), or fascicle length ( p = 0.81). Males had greater mean MUFR ( p < 0.001), pennation angle ( p = 0.02), and fascicle length ( p = 0.03) compared to females. In general, mean MUFR ( p < 0.001) and pennation angle ( p < 0.02) increased with increasing contraction intensity; however, fascicle length ( p = 0.30) was similar across contraction intensities. There were no significant relationships between mean MUFR and pennation angle for males ( r = 0.18, p = 0.13) or females ( r = 0.20, p = 0.09), nor between mean MUFR and fascicle length for males ( r = 0.20, p = 0.10) or females ( r = 0.21, p = 0.07). Although sex-related differences in MUFR, pennation angle, and fascicle length were present, there were no relationships between MUFR and the muscle properties. These results suggest that sex-related differences in mean MUFR may not be associated with the sex-related differences in the muscle architectural properties currently investigated.
Collective excitations in the hot QCD medium and the propagation of heavy quarks
Authors: Jamal Mohammad Yousuf , Mohanty Bedangadas
Published: January 2025

This review explores the current understanding of collective excitations and the dynamics of heavy quark propagation in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We focus on three core aspects: the theoretical modelling of the QGP, including momentum anisotropy, medium-induced collisions, finite chemical potential, and non-ideal interactions; the collective behaviours within the plasma; and the interaction dynamics of heavy quarks as they traverse the medium. Along with the polarization energy loss mechanisms, we also review the possibility of energy gain due to thermal field fluctuations. Lastly, we discuss how these theoretical insights can be tested through experiments and outline possible directions for future research.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKETING ON SHARED VALUE CREATION: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY
Authors: SALIH EHSAN SHAREEF , HAMAD HASEBA SALEM
Published: January 2025

In the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, the food and beverage manufacturing industry faces significant challenges in creating shared value, exacerbated by government policies, financial constraints and outdated practices. Entrepreneurial marketing offers a potential solution, but research on its effect in this context is limited, especially concerning its relationship with organizational ambidexterity and shared value creation. This study aims to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial marketing on shared value creation, with organizational ambidexterity acting as a mediating factor. Data was collected from 201 food and beverage factories in the region, representing 61 percent of selected factories and analyzed using IBM SPSS Amos 24. The results demonstrate a strong positive influence of entrepreneurial marketing on shared value creation and highlight the partial mediating role of organizational ambidexterity in balancing exploration and exploitation. These findings underscore the importance of organizational ambidexterity in shaping shared value in the Kurdistan Region’s food and beverage sector.
ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAITS AS CATALYSTS FOR PRIVATE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: INSIGHTS FROM VIETNAM
Authors: NGO THANG LOI , NGO QUOC DUNG
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the factors influencing private economic development in Vietnam and examines the moderating role of entrepreneurial traits. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling on data from 1,060 private enterprises across three regions, we find that market conditions, preferential policies, human resources and institutional quality positively affect private economic development, whereas input costs have a negative effect. Notably, entrepreneurial traits significantly moderate the relationships between infrastructure, market conditions, media and private economic development. The model explains 48.8 percent of the variance in private economic development, highlighting the complex interplay between entrepreneurial characteristics and the business environment. This research contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive understanding of private sector development drivers in emerging economies and underscores the critical role of entrepreneurial traits in moderating the effect of economic and institutional factors. The findings offer valuable implications for policymakers and entrepreneurs in fostering private sector growth.
DRIVING FACTORS AND CHALLENGES FOR THE FORMALIZATION OF HOUSEHOLD BUSINESSES IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM
Authors: HUYEN HOANG THI THU , TAN DO LY HOAI , YANG LIANG EMLYN
Published: January 2025

Small household businesses are widespread in Vietnam and are increasingly important for employment and economic growth. However, many are run informally which hinders their growth and harms the country’s economy as well. We utilize logistic regression based on the 2017 Economic Census and 2022 field survey data of formalized firms in Ho Chi Minh City. The size of the household business, use of information technology and revenue transparency influence the intention to convert household businesses into formal enterprises. The transition process can be complicated by various factors such as a household business owner’s unpreparedness, concerns about complications, fear of higher tax payments, limited internal resources, uncertain economic benefits and management regulations that are unsuitable for sole proprietorships.
Synovial Chondromatosis of the Hand and Wrist: A 35-Year Retrospective Case Review
Authors: MORRIS Holly , LO Victoria , SHEEHY Becky , SMITH Karen L.
Published: January 2025

Background: Synovial chondromatosis is a condition that rarely occurs in the hand and wrist. Recurrence and malignant transformation are two potential complications of the disease. We set out to retrospectively review 35 years of practice within our sarcoma and tertiary hand unit and identify recurrence or malignant transformation.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with synovial chondromatosis seen at our sarcoma and tertiary hand unit for the past 35 years. Incidence of recurrence or malignant transformation was noted. Where possible, patients were clinically and radiologically reviewed with range of motion, grip strength and patient evaluation measures obtained.

Results: Of 12 patients presenting to the practice, seven patients were followed up and, of these, two demonstrated recurrences. The recurrence was diagnosed based on patient-reported symptoms, clinical examination and the requisition of further imaging. Of the five who could not be followed up, two demonstrated recurrence and one had malignant transformation with a low-grade chondrosarcoma on histology.

Conclusions: While a rare disease, we demonstrated recurrence within our small case series. Fusion to obliterate the joint is an option in the management of recurrence. For the diagnostically challenging, genetic testing may be beneficial, though genetic rearrangements are not seen in all cases. All patients should be counselled on symptoms to watch for as a small proportion may experience recurrence and a small percentage may undergo malignant transformation.

Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
LLM-Powered Static Binary Taint Analysis
Authors: Liu Puzhuo , Sun Chengnian , Zheng Yaowen , Feng Xuan , Qin Chuan , Wang Yuncheng , Xu Zhenyang , Li Zhi , Di Peng , Jiang Yu , Sun Limin
Published: January 2025

This article proposes
LATTE
, the first static binary taint analysis that is powered by a large language model (LLM).
LATTE
is superior to the state of the art (e.g., Emtaint, Arbiter, Karonte) in three aspects. First,
LATTE
is fully automated while prior static binary taint analyzers need rely on human expertise to manually customize taint propagation rules and vulnerability inspection rules. Second,
LATTE
is significantly effective in vulnerability detection, demonstrated by our comprehensive evaluations. For example,
LATTE
has found 37 new bugs in real-world firmware, which the baselines failed to find. Moreover, 10 of them have been assigned CVE numbers. Lastly,
LATTE
incurs remarkably low engineering cost, making it a cost-efficient and scalable solution for security researchers and practitioners. We strongly believe that
LATTE
opens up a new direction to harness the recent advance in LLMs to improve vulnerability analysis for binary programs.
Tailoring Structural, Microstructural, Dielectric and Gas Sensing Properties of SnO2 Nanoparticles: Size Matters
Authors: Aggarwal Nupur , Patial Payal , Rani Neha , Panwar Ranvir Singh , Kapoor Anu , Singla Shivani , Puri Paridhi , Ravi Karthikeyan , Kumar Naveen
Published: January 2025

This manuscript reports on the characteristics of SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) prepared using the conventional sol-gel technique and showcases the effect of calcination temperature on crystal structure, size, and gas-sensing properties. Rietveld refinement of diffraction profiles of SnO2 NPs calcined at 400 °C [SnO2@400] and 600 °C [SnO2@600] showed that both the samples possess tetragonal phase having space group

P

4

/
2

mnm

. FESEM microimages of SnO2@400 and SnO2@600 were subjected to morphological analysis using an image processing method. The results showed that the grains exhibited swelling as the calcination temperature increased as per the Ostwald ripening process. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) image depicted (110) lattice plane orientation with d = 0.34 nm consistent with XRD studies. Thus, the dielectric constant

ε
′

was increased from 38 to 56 as the temperature rose to 600 °C from 400 °C. Simultaneously, electrical resistance increased from 0.77 × 106 Ω to 1.27 × 106 Ω with rise in the calcination temperature of SnO2 NPs from 400 °C to 600 °C. The investigation on sensing acetone gas revealed that the SnO2@600 sample possessed the maximum sensing response along with a shorter recovery time compared with SnO2@400.
Transspinal stimulation downregulates flexion reflex pathways during walking in healthy humans
Authors: Knikou Maria , Sayed Ahmad Abdullah M.
Published: January 2025

Transspinal stimulation over the thoracolumbar region above and below paresthesia intensities at 15, 30, and 50 Hz produces a generalized depression of the tibialis anterior flexion reflex during walking in healthy participants. This finding supports strong actions of transspinal stimulation on spinal neuronal networks engaged in walking. This finding may be helpful for recovery of walking after spinal cord injury in humans because suppression of exaggerated flexion reflexes enables smooth stance-to-swing transition and foot clearance.
NF‐κB Inhibitory Activity of the Di‐Hydroxy Derivative of Piperlongumine (PL‐18)
Authors: Schlichter Kadosh Yael , Muthuraman Subramani , Kushmaro Ariel , Kumar Rajendran Saravana , Gopas Jacob
Published: January 2025

Inflammation is a critical response of the immune system to infection or injury, serving to repair and restore tissue homeostasis. While acute inflammation generally protects against harmful stimuli, prolonged and chronic inflammation have detrimental effects and disrupts tissue homeostasis. Due to the complex and multifactorial etiology of chronic inflammation, effective treatment remains elusive. We found that piperlongumine (PL)‐18, a di‐hydroxy derivative of PL from long pepper, inhibits the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB), a master transcription factor of numerous components of the inflammatory response. NF‐kB was inhibited by PL‐18 in two human cell‐lines, L428 and A549, by preventing the nuclear translocation of p65 NF‐kB. We also found that IκB kinase (IKK) was degraded in the presence of PL‐18. Furthermore, PL‐18 inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines expressed by L428, a cell line with a constitutive active NF‐kB. Altogether, our results suggest that PL‐18 is a molecule of interest to be further developed to treat persistent infections with severe inflammation.