bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Glutamate Is Managed by the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Hawkins Richard A. , Viña Juan R.
Published: September 2016

A facilitative transport system exists on the blood brain barrier (BBB) that has been tacitly assumed to be a path for glutamate entry to brain. But glutamate is a non-essential amino acid whose brain content is much greater than plasma, and studies in vivo show that glutamate does not enter brain in material quantities except in those small regions with fenestrated capillaries (circumventricular organs). The situation became understandable when luminal (blood facing) and abluminal (brain facing) membranes were isolated and studied separately. Facilitative transport of glutamate and glutamine exist only on the luminal membranes whereas Na+-dependent transport systems for glutamate, glutamine and some other amino acids are present only on the abluminal membrane. The Na+-dependent cotransporters of the abluminal membrane are in a position to actively transport amino acids from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the endothelial cells of the BBB. These powerful secondary active transporters couple the energy of the Na+-gradient to move glutamate and glutamine into the ECF whereupon glutamate can exit to blood on the luminal facilitative glutamate transporter. Glutamine may also exit brain on a separate facilitative transport system that exists on the luminal membranes or glutamine can be hydrolyzed to glutamate within the BBB thereby releasing ammonia that is freely diffusible. The γ-glutamyl participate cycle participates indirectly by producing oxoproline (pyroglutamate) that stimulates almost all secondary active transporters yet discovered in the abluminal membranes of the BBB.
A Novel Virtual Torque Sensor for Rescue Robots with Harmonic Drives
Authors: Xia Kerui , Ding Liang , Liu Guangjun , Gao Haibo , Deng Zongquan
Published: September 2016

In this paper, a method is developed for presenting a novel virtual torque sensor based on precise model and position measurements avoids the need of traditional strain gauges and amplifiers. More specifically, the harmonic drive compliance model and the Gaussian process regression (GPR) technique are used together to achieve virtual torque sensor measurement. While the harmonic drive compliance model provides the analytic part, the Gaussian process regression method is used to reconstruct the unmolded part based on motor-side and link-side joint angles as well as motor current. After an automatic offline calibration, the method allows for a lean online implementation. The virtual torque sensor measurement is compared with measurements of a commercial torque sensor, and the results have attested the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Monitoring of adult aquatic insect activities and ecological role in the riparian zone of streams in the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Kubendran T. , Ramesh M.
Published: September 2016

The Western Ghats, running parallel to the west coast of India between 8° N and 21° N is a prominent feature of the peninsular India. In freshwater biodiversity hotspots like the Western Ghats, no information is available on activates and ecological role of adult aquatic insect in the riparian zone of streams. Most adult aquatic insects that emerge from streams live briefly in the nearby riparian zone. Adult activities, such as mating dispersal and feeding influence their distribution in the terrestrial habitat. An observation at Kurangani streams, Western Ghats, India has shown that both numbers and biomass of adult aquatic insects are greatest in the near stream vegetation; however, adult insects can be relatively common 1 to 10 feet from the stream. Why because, adult aquatic insects are abundant and they are primary food resource for many riparian insectivores. The role of adult aquatic insects in the riparian zone must be better understood for riparian and aquatic food chain to be complete. 
Mindfulness and Psychology Based Self–help Mobile Application: A Promising New Approach in Reducing Work Stress and Anxiety
Authors: Duraimani Shanthi Lakshmi
Published: September 2016

Nearly one–third of the working populations in most developed countries report high or extreme levels of negative stress. Over the last decade, the escalating costs associated with workplace stress indicate an international trend among industrialized nations.  Stress is considered as one of the root causes for many psychological disorders.  Anxiety is one of the common disorders that can rise due to negative stress. Consulting health professionals to overcome mental health problem is time-consuming, expensive, and may affect the privacy for many people. To overcome these limitations, we are presenting a model for a self-help mobile app program that can be a powerful, cost–effective, personalized, and convenient tool to overcome mild to moderate stress and anxiety.  Mindfulness Meditation is a scientifically proven and standardized technique for many mental health problems. Many professionals have developed Mindfulness-based mobile applications. However, they do not address the core root causes of the mental health problem as the conventional psychological therapy does. Therefore, the proposed self-help mobile app merges mainstream psychological process and mindfulness in reducing minor to moderate stress, and anxiety.
Home Environment and Academic Self-Concept as Predictors of Career Maturity
Authors: Alam Md. Mahmood
Published: September 2016

The present study was conducted to investigate home environment and academic self- concept as predictors of career maturity among adolescents. Descriptive survey method of research was used for collecting the data using Home Environment Scale by Sarla Java and Academic Self Concept Scale (ASCS) by Reynolds et al. (1980). A representative sample of 400 (200 boys and 200 girls) Xth class students was drawn from schools located in the Hyderabad city using simple random sampling technique. Descriptive, correlational and inferential statistics were used to compute correlations and to compare the means between the groups. Findings of the study revealed that (1) there is significant relationship between home environment, academic self-concept and career maturity of students. (2) there is significant difference between boys & girls and rural & urban in respect of their home environment, academic self- concept and career maturity and (3) there is significant difference between rural and urban students in respect of their home environment and career maturity, however insignificant difference is found in case of rural and urban on the measure of academic self- concept. The above analysis suggests that career development of adolescents should be taken as a challenge not only by the adolescents themselves but also by educationists, psychologists and administrators to develop maturity in career decision and goal selection. They should be guided and trained to make congruence between career behaviour and his expected behaviour at that age. Lesser is the gap between the two greater is the maturity in the individuals’ career.
Student-Centric Approach to Field Work in Social Work Education
Authors: Dhengle Anjali
Published: September 2016

The paper is discussing about philosophy of field work and its relevance in social work education. The paper covers the three main components of field work, namely the field work agency, students of social work and supervisors. The researcher is identifying students as the main component and emphasizing on student-centric approach to field work. This approach would facilitate students to play an active role and gain maximum from the learning from fields. This would also help in resolving many dilemmas and difficulties faced by the students. The other main players like the Institute supervisors and the field work agencies need to be sensitive towards this and adopt the student-centric approach, while guiding them on fields. The researcher further discusses the aspects important in adopting student-centric field work during the course of social work education. 
The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance
Authors: Giannarakis Grigoris , Konteos George , Zafeiriou Eleni , Partalidou Xanthi
Published: September 2016

This study investigates whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects the financial performance of the United States (US) companies. In particular, the impact of CSR on financial performance is investigated in terms of involvement in socially responsible initiatives instead of outcome. The Environmental, Social and Governance disclosure score as calculated by Bloomberg is used as a proxy for corporate involvement in socially responsible initiatives. Fixed effects regression is employed to estimate the relationship between the extent of corporate social disclosure (CSD) and financial performance using the data of listed companies on the Standard & Poor’s 500 during the period 2009-2013. The results suggest that the involvement in socially responsible initiatives has a significantly positive effect on financial performance. In addition, the control variables, such as total compensation to directors, CEO duality and women presence on board are statistically significant to financial performance. It is important to incorporate a longer period in order to validate the positive relationship between CSR and financial performance, whilst the sample is focused on large in size US companies. This study chose to approach the topic from a different angle in order to provide an alternate perspective on this issue taking into account the involvement of socially responsible initiatives via CSD.
Keywords: corporate social responsibility, disclosure, financial performance. JEL Classification: M140, M410, Q00
Critical assessment of Just-in-Time (JIT) process within a South African company: the case of Sabertek
Authors: Van Wyk Gert , Naidoo Vinessa
Published: September 2016

The intense competition in the current marketplace has forced local companies to re-examine their methods of doing business to improve product quality and reduce cost of production at a faster ratethan its competitors (Singh & Ahuja, 2012). The South African manufacturers have struggled with growing trade deficits and outsourced operations. Although proponents cite the many benefits of JIT adoption, its implementation rate in South Africa has been relatively conservative and is highly criticized, especially in comparison with India (Jacobs, 1997; Singh Ahuja, 2014). The purpose of the study is to verify the financial impacts on a company’s performance on reduction of waste by implementing the JIT principle. The focus of the study will be looking at the profit derived of a company’s production line by comparing the amount of waste reduction of a JIT line, as opposed to a non-JIT line. This is of significant importance, since the profits of a company effects the GDP of South Africa, and increases employment (Jacobs, 1997). This study is a replication from Cua (2000) and is a quantitative study. The case study company, Sabertek, has two different manufacturing plants where one plant uses JIT, whilst the other plant does not use JIT. Structured questionnaires were considered and administered to the senior staff and various technical staff of each plant for the collection of primary data. This was approximately 120 personnel (60 questionnaires in each plant) with a total expected response rate of 30%. This was used to compare the profit of a JIT line, as opposed to a non-JIT line, especially in relation to reduction of waste. Secondary data from the company’s financial records of each plant relating to the return rate from rework, sales, profit from the different production lines were equally looked at.
Keywords: JIT, market place, profit, JIT line, non-JIT line, primary data, secondary data. JEL Classification: L10, D21, C8
A holistic view of the use of corporate culture conveyed by internal marketing for enhancing stability, sustainability and consistency in service quality
Authors: Botha J.A.R.
Published: September 2016

While businesses worldwide are aiming increasingly on the sustainability in various business areas, customer service is by nature not consistent and stable, because it is delivered by human beings and, therefore, subject to their imperfections and influences on them. This can result in unstable, unsustainable and unpredictable service delivery. This article describes the corporate culture/service quality conceptualization as a basis for overcoming this by embedding and implementing the stability and sustainability of corporate culture to enhance the stability and sustainability of quality of service. This conceptual study demonstrates that a well-planned and maintained corporate culture, based on quality service delivery goals, is able to do exactly that under the initiative of the leadership. Although there are many articles referring to service quality, very few of them succeed in bringing sufficient aspects into account to be able to form a holistic image of enhancing stability, sustainability and consistency in service quality. Existing models and approaches were combined in a holistic conceptual approach.
Keywords: service quality, corporate culture, stability, sustainability, customer perception, perceived quality, expectations, ACSI, internal marketing, relationship marketing, CSP, profit service chain. JEL Classification: L8, M14, M31, M30
The relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment among academics: the mediating effect of job satisfaction
Authors: Fumani Donald Mabasa , Hlanganipai Ngirande , Richard Shambare
Published: September 2016

This study investigated the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS), job satisfaction (JS) and organizational commitment (OC) in an institution of higher learning. The mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment was tested. Self-completion questionnaires were administered to a sample of (n=302) participants. Structural equation modelling techniques were used to test the hypothesized relationships. Results indicate strong significant positive correlations among the variables. Furthermore, findings of the study demonstrate that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment. The results also showed that there is a significant relationship between perceived organizational support and job satisfaction. A significant relationship between perceived organizational support and affective commitment, as well as continuance commitment was also noted, but no significant relationship between perceived organizational support and normative commitment was found. Results showed a significant positive relationship between job satisfaction and affective commitment, as well as continuance commitment, but no significant relationship between job satisfaction and normative commitment was found.
Keywords: academic staff, perceived organizational support, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, relationships, SEM. JEL Classification: J28
O clamor de Maria
Authors: Briza Dulce Helena Rizzardo
Published: September 2016

O desastre ambiental do vazamento de lama com rejeitos de mineração ocorrido em Mariana (MG) pode ser visto como expressão da putrefactio (putrefação) existente em relação à ética e aos valores do povo brasileiro. O acidente aconteceu em uma cidade com um nome feminino, na qual aspectos represados e ignorados da alma brasileira irromperam em forma de lama. Este artigo analisa o acontecimento e propõe um convite para que a sociedade utilize o barro a fim de dar forma a uma nova consciência. Maria não pode ser ignorada. Por meio do estudo de nossa história, nossa mitologia, no confronto com a sombra, no contato com nosso inconsciente coletivo, com o auxílio da anima, tem-se a chance da redescoberta de nossa identidade e de nosso destino.
A Documentação Pedagógica como instrumento de formação profissional
Authors: Marques Amanda Cristina Teagno Lopes , Almeida Maria Isabel de
Published: September 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo explicitar a contribuição da prática do registro e da documentação pedagógica nos processos de formação contínua em serviço de professores, com base em estudo de caso realizado em uma escola municipal de educação infantil de São Paulo. Partimos do conceito de documentação pedagógica como atividade de recuperação, escuta e reelaboração da experiência por meio da narração de um percurso e da explicitação de pressupostos das escolhas realizadas. Como resultados, apontamos para a historicidade das práticas de registro e documentação construídas pelo coletivo institucional em sua interação com os desafios concretamente vivenciados pelos sujeitos. O registro e a documentação pedagógica possibilitam a construção de memória e autoria, a reflexão sobre as práticas, a comunicação e a aproximação às famílias, favorecendo os processos formativos. Palavras-chave: registro de práticas – documentação pedagógica – formação contínua – formação em serviço – desenvolvimento profissional.
Historia de la Infancia observada desde los ejes del Juego, Juguete y Desigualdad
Authors: Castillo-Gallardo Patricia
Published: September 2016

La existencia o no de la infancia así como su relevancia en la historia es una cuestión que depende de las categorías que se utilicen para definir esa experiencia como objeto particular de estudio. Revisaremos arqueológicamente la historia de la infancia en Occidente, poniendo el acento fundamentalmente en tres cuestiones: 1) las representaciones de la infancia de la Antigüedad, la Edad Media, la Modernidad y la época contemporánea, descritas por los historiadores, 2) los aspectos de esta historia que nos evidencian un hacer con la diferenciación social entre los niños según estatus, casta o clase, 3) el rescate de las prácticas parentales y sociales dirigidas a la infancia a través de la historia del juego y el juguete en cada tiempo histórico. Como conclusión se reflexionará respecto a las transformaciones en los contenidos que el mundo adulto propone a los niños para su subjetivación en cada periodo histórico.
Compromisso e amor como elementos centrais das representações do ser professora de educação infantil
Authors: Machado Laêda Bezerra , Silva Idélia Manassés de Barros
Published: September 2016

Este artigo identifica a estrutura das representações sociais que professoras de Educação Infantil construíram da própria profissão, enfatizando o componente mais forte dessa estrutura: o núcleo central. O referencial orientador da pesquisa foi a abordagem estrutural das representações sociais. Representações funcionam como guias para as ações, constituem um sistema de pré-decodificação da realidade A pesquisa tomou como campo empírico o município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes-PE. Participaram do estudo 134 professoras de creches e pré-escolas vinculadas a instituições públicas e privadas. O procedimento de coleta utilizado foi a associação livre de palavras. Para análise das evocações utilizou-se software EVOC. Os resultados indicaram como elementos centrais dessa estrutura representacional os termos comprometimento, amor, dedicada, dinamismo, carinhosa, alegria e criatividade. Esses elementos constituem o núcleo estruturador dessa representação. Pode-se inferir que as professoras tem uma representação profissionalizada de si e procuram assumir a função com compromisso.
¿Cómo podemos comprender la filosofía de la educación?
Authors: Meza Marisa
Published: September 2016

Hoje podemos observar um retrocesso, geralmente dramático, da presença da Filosofia da Educação na formação de professores. Este fenômeno possui razões políticas e econômicas que parecem agravar-se por uma sistemática mudança de nome das poucas atividades acadêmicas presentes no currículo de formação de professores que em outros tempos haveríamos chamado de Filosofia da Educação, mas que hoje não tem esse nome, Se trata de uma mudança involuntária ou casual de nomes ou existe uma tentativa de distanciar em relação a certos conceitos existentes com relação ao que a Filosofia da Educação é? Como podemos entender a Filosofia da Educação? Este trabalho pretende ser responsável especialmente da ultima pergunta e, em forma tentativa, da primeira, realizando um diálogo crítico com as compreensões da Filosofia da Educação de alguns clássicos com Richard S. Peters y Terry W. Moore, e outros filósofos e filósofas como Nel Noddings, María García Amilburu y John White.
Effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on tiletamine hydrochloride–zolazepam hydrochloride anesthesia in alpacas
Authors: Seddighi Reza , Odoi Agricola , Doherty Thomas J.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of IM administration of a tiletamine hydrochloride–zolazepam hydrochloride (TZ) combination with either dexmedetomidine hydrochloride or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS) on the motor response to claw clamping, selected cardiorespiratory variables, and quality of recovery from anesthesia in alpacas.

ANIMALS 5 adult sexually intact male alpacas.

PROCEDURES Each alpaca was given the TZ combination (2 mg/kg) with dexmedetomidine (5 [D5], 10 [D10], 15 [D15], or 20 [D20] µg/kg) or SS IM at 1-week intervals (5 experiments); motor response to claw clamping was assessed, and characteristics of anesthesia, recovery from anesthesia, and selected cardiorespiratory variables were recorded.

RESULTS Mean ± SEM duration of lack of motor response to claw clamping was longest when alpacas received treatments D15 (30.9 ± 5.9 minutes) and D20 (40.8 ± 5.9 minutes). Duration of lateral recumbency was significantly longer with dexmedetomidine administration. The longest time (81.3 ± 10.4 minutes) to standing was observed when alpacas received treatment D20. Following treatment SS, 4 alpacas moved in response to claw clamping at the 5-minute time point. Heart rate decreased from pretreatment values in all alpacas when dexmedetomidine was administered. Treatments D10, D15, and D20 decreased Pao2, compared with treatment SS, during the first 15 minutes. During recovery, muscle stiffness and multiple efforts to regain a sternal position were observed in 3 SS-treated and 1 D5-treated alpacas; all other recoveries were graded as excellent.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In TZ-anesthetized alpacas, dexmedetomidine (10, 15, and 20 µg/kg) administered IM increased the duration of lack of motor response to claw clamping, compared with the effect of SS.
In vitro biomechanical evaluation of four surgical techniques for fusion of equine centrodistal and tarsometatarsal joints
Authors: Biedrzycki Adam H. , Grant Barrie G. , Nemke Brett , Morello Samantha L. , Markel Mark D.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the biomechanical properties of 4 methods for fusion of the centrodistal and tarsometatarsal joints in horses and compare them among each other and with control tarsi.

SAMPLE 24 sets of paired tarsi without substantial signs of osteoarthritis harvested from equine cadavers.

PROCEDURES Test constructs (n = 6/type) were prepared from 1 tarsus from each pair to represent surgical drilling; 2 medially to laterally placed kerf-cut cylinders (MLKCs); a single large, dorsally applied kerf-cut cylinder (DKC); and a dorsomedially applied locking compression plate (DMLCP). Constructs and their contralateral control tarsi were evaluated in 4-point bending in the dorsoplantar, lateromedial, and mediolateral directions; internal and external rotation; and axial compression. Bending, torsional, and axial stiffness values were calculated.

RESULTS Mean stiffness values were consistently lower for surgical drilling constructs than for contralateral control tarsi. Over all biomechanical testing, surgical drilling significantly reduced joint stability. The MLKC constructs had superior biomechanical properties to those of control tarsi for 4-point bending but inferior properties for external and internal rotation. The DMLCP and DKC constructs were superior to control tarsi in dorsoplantar, rotational, and axial compression directions only; DMLCP constructs had no superior stiffness in lateromedial or mediolateral directions. Only the DKC constructs had greater stiffness in the mediolateral direction than did control tarsi. Over all biomechanical testing, DMLCP and DKC constructs were superior to the other constructs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These biomechanical results suggested that a surgical drilling approach to joint fusion may reduce tarsal stability in horses without clinical osteoarthritis, compared with stability with no intervention, whereas the DMLCP and DKC approaches may significantly enhance stability.
Serum cholecystokinin concentrations in dogs with naturally acquired pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Noh Sungjun , Kim Hye-Sun , Chang Jinhwa , Kang Ji-Houn , Chang Dongwoo , Yang Mhan-Pyo
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine serum cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) and to evaluate associations among CCK concentration, PDH, and gallbladder mucocele (GBM).

ANIMALS 14 client-owned dogs with PDH and 14 healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES Dogs were separated into 4 groups: healthy dogs without gallbladder sludge (group A; n = 7), healthy dogs with gallbladder sludge (group B; 7), dogs with PDH and gallbladder sludge (group C; 8), and dogs with PDH and GBM (group D; 6). Serum CCK concentrations were then measured before and 1, 2, and 4 hours after consumption of a high-fat meal. Concentrations in dogs with PDH were also measured before and after trilostane treatment. Results were compared among groups and assessment points.

RESULTS Preprandial serum CCK concentrations in group C were significantly lower than those in groups A, B, and D, but no significant differences in postprandial CCK concentrations were identified among the groups 1, 2, or 4 hours after the meal. With respect to trilostane treatment of dogs with PDH, no significant differences were identified between pre- and post-trilostane serum CCK concentrations in group C or D. Median CCK concentration after trilostane treatment was higher in group D than in group C, but this difference was not significant.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The outcomes in this study did not support the hypothesis that a low circulating CCK concentration affects the development of GBM in dogs with PDH.
Evaluation of the dynactin 1 gene in Leonbergers and Labrador Retrievers with laryngeal paralysis
Authors: Holt David E. , Brown Dorothy C. , Henthorn Paula S.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE To sequence exons and splice consensus sites of the dynactin subunit 1 (DCTN1) gene in Leonbergers and Labrador Retrievers with clinical laryngeal paralysis.

ANIMALS 5 unrelated Leonbergers with laryngeal paralysis, 2 clinically normal Leonbergers, 7 unrelated Labrador Retrievers with laryngeal paralysis, and 2 clinically normal Labrador Retrievers.

PROCEDURES Primers were designed for the entire coding regions of the DCTN1 gene, a noncoding exon at the 5´ end of the gene, and a 900-bp single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-rich region located 17 kb upstream of the DCTN1 gene by use of the CanFam3 assembly of the canine genome sequence. Sequences were generated and compared between clinically normal and affected dogs. The SNPs flanking the DCTN1 gene as well as a previously identified nonsynonymous SNP in exon 32 were genotyped in affected and clinically normal Leonbergers and Labrador Retrievers.

RESULTS None of the affected dogs were homozygous for any mutation affecting coding regions or splicing consensus sequences. Of the 16 dogs tested for the missense SNP in exon 32, all were homozygous for the reference allele, except for 2 affected and 1 clinically normal Labrador Retriever and 1 clinically normal Leonberger. The DCTN1 gene sequences (5 dogs) and haplotypes of polymorphic markers surrounding the DCTN1 gene (all dogs) were not consistent with the hypothesis that laryngeal paralysis was associated with inheritance of the same DCTN1 disease-causing allele within all Labrador Retrievers or Leonbergers evaluated.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mutations in the DCTN1 gene did not appear to cause laryngeal paralysis in Leonbergers or Labrador Retrievers.
Effect of Potting Media on Growth, Flowering and Bulb Production of Hippeastrum (Hippeastrum hybridum Hort.)
Authors: Jamil Md. Khalid , Rahman M. Mizanur , Hossain M. Mofazzal , Hossain M. Tofazzal , Karim A.J.M. Sirajul
Published: September 2016

A pot experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur-1706, during the period from March, 2008 to May, 2009 to investigate the suitable potting media for flower and bulb production of hippeastrum. The potting media containing a mixture of rice husk and cowdung at the ratio of 1:1 supplemented with 10 g per pot (30 cm) each of TSP and MP was found to be the best for bigger size of flower (14.20 x 13.70 cm) and flower scape (44.40 x 27.30 cm), the highest number (7.4) and weight (252.5 g) of bulblets, the maximum diameter (76.0 mm) and weight (218.4 g) of mother bulb and total bulb yield (470.9 g) of hippeastrum. But the maximum number (3.8) of flower per scape and the longest flowering duration (11.60 days) were obtained from the potting media containing a mixture of soil, rice husk, cowdung and coirdust in 1:1:1:1 ratio supplemented with 10 g each of TSP and MP. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 259-271
Identification and Characterization of Potential Phenol Degrading Bacterial strains Isolated from Municipal Sewage, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Parihar Rashmi , Dubey Sumit Kumar
Published: September 2016

Phenol and its derivatives are consistently causing harmful effects to an aquatic ecosystem. The present study focused on the isolation and characterization of potential phenol degrading bacterial strains and subsequently optimization of media ingredients for efficient phenol degradation by potential bacterial strains. Bacterial strains were isolated from municipal sewage, Bilaspur (21'47 and 23'8 N 81'14 and 83'15 E). After optimization phenol degradation rate was increased by 1.84 fold for PDB 5 (from 40.37% to 74.67%) and 1.39 fold for PDB 11 (from 58.62% to 81.51%) at 500mg/l initial phenol concentration. PDB 5 and PDB 11 were identified as Streptococcus sp. PDB 5 and Pseudomonas sp. PDB 11 respectively as potential phenol degrading bacterial strains. These strains can further be used in microbially assisted phenol degradation to remove phenol derivatives present in industrial wastewater.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 288-293
Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Supplemented With Graded Levels of Soybean Oil and Different Sources of Bone Meal
Authors: Tiwari Surya Prasad , Sapkota Maheshwor , Nepali Dainik Bahadur , Yadav Jagat Lal , Tiwari Geeta Jamarkattel
Published: September 2016

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of inclusion of three levels of soybean oil (0%, 2% and 4%) and three sources of commercial bone meals (GBM, PBM and IBM) in the diet of broiler chicken. Body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, digestibility coefficient, calcium, phosphorus and ash content of blood and bone of broilers were measured. Significantly higher (P<0.01) average weekly feed consumption, average cumulative body weight, average weekly body weight gain was found in broilers fed diets containing soybean oil. The highest (5058.27 g) average total feed consumption was recorded on T9 and the lowest (4117.88 g) on T1. The highest average cumulative body weight was obtained on T6 (2168.33 g) and was the lowest on T1 (1930.00 g). Similarly, the highest average body weight gain was recorded on T6 (301.04 g) and the lowest on T1 (273.77 g). The abdominal fat weight percentage was maximum (2.38%) on the diet containing 4% soybean oil with GBM and minimum (1.04%) on the diet without soybean oil withIBM. However, the overall performance of broilers was found improved on the diet containing soybean oil. The ash, calcium and phosphorus content of blood and bone were better when supplied the diet with 2% to 4% soybean oil containing the sources of bone meal. Considering better bone calcification, phosphorus and minerals utilization in the chicken body, 2% to 4% levels of the soybean oil with the GBM source of bone meal could be incorporated in the diets. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 272-280
Study of Gibberellic Acid Production by Solid State Fermentation Using Fusarium Moniliforme Sheldon
Authors: Panchal Rakeshkumar Ramanlal , Desai Piyushbhai Vishnubhai
Published: September 2016

Gibberellic acid production using Fusarium moniliforme, isolated from wilted sugarcane plant has been investigated by solid state fermentation (SSF). The gibberellic acid production of 154mgm/gm was obtained on commercial wheat bran (CWB) mineral salt acid bed in 500 ml flasks after 168 h incubation. The gibberellic acid production rate was about 0.6 to 0.9 mgm/gm/hr during 96 to 168 h. Different carbon sources namely sucrose, lactose, maltose, soluble starch, glycerol, wheat flour and maize flour were tested as an additional substrate along with CWB at the concentration of 25% w/w or v/w base to observe its effects on gibberellic acid production. Soluble starch has been proved the best additional carbon source for gibberellic acid production, which yielded 1160mgm/gm of gibberellic acid after 168 h. Similarly, various nitrogen sources namely NH4Cl, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)MoO4 and urea were tested as an additional substrate at the concentration of 0.07% w/w of CWB. Urea was proved as the best nitrogen source which yielded 532 mgm/gm of gibberellic acid after 168 h incubation. We have observed about 7.5-fold and 3.5-fold increase in gibberellic acid production upon addition of soluble starch and urea respectively, in CWB using Fusarium moniliforme.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 402-407
Evaluation of Five Wheat Varieties on Arsenic Contaminated Soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Kamrozzaman M.M. , Khan M.A.H. , Ahmed S. , Sultana N. , Quddus A.F.M. Ruhul
Published: September 2016

An experiment was conducted at Farming System Research and Development Site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur during 2012-13 to evaluate five wheat varieties against arsenic contaminated soils and determined accumulation of arsenic in grain and straw of wheat varieties. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with six replications. BARI Gom-21, BARI Gom-23, BARI Gom-24, BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-26 were used as treatment variables. The arsenic content was determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Result revealed that, wheat varieties differed in their grain arsenic concentration (0.49-1.15 mg kg-1). The arsenic translocation in wheat grains usually least and accumulation by different tissues followed the order root>stem>leaf>grain across the varieties. The variety BARI Gom-26 was found to accumulate least arsenic in grains followed by BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-24 under same growing condition due to phyto-extraction or phyto-morphological potential of the varieties. Maximum grain yield (4.36 t ha-1) was obtained from BARI Gom-26 followed by BARI Gom-25 and the lowest yield (3.43 t ha-1) was recorded from BARI Gom-23. Therefore, BARI Gom-26 and BARI Gom-25 can successfully be grown for higher yield in arsenic contaminated soils and water of Faridpur. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 330-337
Study of Power Density Transmitted from Cellular Base Station Towers of Nepal Telecom in Biratnagar Sub-Metropolitan City
Authors: Thapa Dinesh , Sahu Ram Bharosh , Parajuli Prakash , Shah Buddha Ram
Published: September 2016

Background: In this present world, human beings are being exposed directly or indirectly to some kind of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations with the development of recent scientific technologies or by natural phenomena. The study of the measurement of power density (PD) or Radio Frequency (RF) radiated from cellular Base Station Towers (BSTs) is seemed to be important in Nepal like other countries because of its various health effects. In this study, the authors measured the PD radiated from mobile base station towers in Biratnagar sub-metropolitan city, Morang. Methods and Methodology: All together 18 BSTs were selected within Biratnagar for the study purpose. Tenmars TM-196 which is a non-ionizing radiation detector was used to measure the power density. The Global Positioning System (GPS), a space-based satellite navigation system was used to locate the Maximum Peak Point (MPP) from the BSTs. Result: The maximum power density (PD) was observed near Jogbani boarder i.e. 3781.0 µW/m2 which was 0.63% of the NTA guidelines. Similarly, the minimum power density was observed near Rani BRT i.e 1549.3 µW/m2which was 0.26% of the NTA guidelines. Conclusion: From the survey it can be concluded that there is no significant health hazard to the general people due to non-ionizing radiation radiated from Base Station Towers in Biratnagar. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 338-345
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Activity among Diabetic Patients
Authors: Upadhayay Anshu
Published: September 2016

Serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity is the most common screening test as a part of routine assessment of liver damage. Due to its low activity in extra hepatic tissues an increase in serum ALT is more specific for liver disease. The liver pathology among diabetics is similar to that of alcoholic liver disease, including fatty liver, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Thus, elevated serum ALT activity which is a common sign of liver disease is also observed more frequently in diabetics. This study has been designed with the aim to determine the association of serum ALT activity with diabetes mellitus. The study included 208 subjects attending Nepal police hospital during the time frame 6th October 2009 to 4th January 2010.The ALT activity in serum was determined by kit method, fasting and post prandial sugar was tested by GOD-POD method.Among the total diabetic subjects 43.26% were found to have elevated serum ALT activity (>40IU/L). Diabetic status was found to be significantly associated with ALT activity (p=0.04). In addition to diabetic status body mass index (BMI) was also significantly associated with ALT activity (p=0.02) and higher BMI increases the likelihood of elevated ALT. The association of ALT activity was found to be inverse and significant with age of the patient(r=-0.217, p=0.005). Physical activity was also found to be inversely associated with ALT activity(r=-0.149, p=0.03). Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 386-390
Influence of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Microstructure, Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Sn-Al-Bi Based Alloy
Authors: El-Bediwi Abu Bakr , El-Shishtawi N.A. , Abdullah Manal Mawloud
Published: September 2016

Effect of adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles on microstructure, Vickers hardness, internal friction, thermal parameters and electrochemical corrosion behavior of Sn76Al10Bi10Cu2Zn2alloy has been studied using different experimental techniques. Crystallinity (peak intensity), crystal size (peak broadness) and orientations (peak position, 2θ) of Sn76Al10Bi10Cu2Zn2alloy changed after adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Corrosion resistance and internal friction of Sn76Al10Bi10Cu2Zn2 alloy improved after adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Vickers hardness value of Sn76Al10Bi10Cu2Zn2 alloy varied decreased after adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 417-424
Coccinellid Predators of Aphid and Their Phylogenetic Analysis Using COI Gene Sequences
Authors: Rain Faria Farhana , Aslam Abu Faiz Md. , Ringki Habiba Sultana , Sultana Nahida , Akter Nayma , Howlader Abdul Jabber
Published: September 2016

An extensive survey of aphid predatory Coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was conducted in Jahangirnagar University campus, Savar during October 2014 to March 2016. Total nine ladybird beetles viz, Adalia bipunctata, Coccinella septempunctata, Coccinella transversalis, Cycloneda munda, Harmonia axyridis, Hippodamia convergens, Micraspis discolor, Scymnus nebulosus, Sticholotis sp. were identified as predators of aphid. Among them, Micraspis discolor was most abundant predator. Biology and bio-control potential of M. discolor was studied in laboratory condition on bean infesting aphid (Aphis fabae). The maximum predation was 102±1.83 observed in 4th instar larvae of M. discolor. Along with biological study, phylogenetic relationship of ladybird beetles was constructed based on mitochondrial COI gene. Out of nine identified coccinellids, five species showed more conserve region than the rest in alignment. The interspecific genetic distance ranges for nine beetles were very low (0.15-0.24). Higher interspecific genetic diversity recorded for H. axyridis. The phylogenetic tree was created and analyzed using both Neighbour Joining and Maximum likelihood methods to define the origin and evolutionary relationships of the species. Molecular analysis demonstrated that evolution of these species has been occurred from a common ancestor. Such study of ladybird beetles would be helpful in biological control program of aphid pest. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 408-416
Barriers to Career Progression: A Study of the Perceptions of Nepali Women Employees
Authors: Adhikary Jyoti Regmi
Published: September 2016

Recent decades have witnessed unprecedented changes in workforce composition, resulting in women’s increased involvement in the labor force.  However, the proportion of women employees vary significantly within various organizational levels, with more women confined to junior level positions within organizations.   This study, conducted in two phases, explored the career progression barriers as perceived by Nepali women employees to develop a set of 22-items questionnaire which was then used to examine how 114 women employees perceived those barriers in their career in management.  Effort was also made to find if the perceived barriers were specific to any sub-group (position, job responsibility, and/or organization type).  Findings of the study revealed that societal-related barrier was most prominent within which marriage during prime of career significantly hampered the career development of Nepali women employees.  Further analysis indicated that the perceived barriers were not specific to any sub-group.  These results have implications for organizations to improve policies and facilities in order to promote women’s career progression. Limitations of the study are identified and suggestions for future results are discussed.Journal of Business and Management Research, Vol. 1 (2), 2016, pp. 17-32
Family-Owned Firms between Agency Conflicts and Stewardship: Corporate Governance Factors Driving Firm Performance
Authors: Siddik Md. Nur Alam , Kabiraj Sajal
Published: September 2016

The performance of family-owned firms has been driven by factors relating to family ownership, family leadership, and external supervision. In this paper, we offer an empirical study investigating the effects of those corporate governance concerns. To serve the purpose, we conducted a survey on 121 Chinese family-owned firms over the period of 2012-2014. Using pooled ordinary least square technique we find that family leadership and external supervision significantly influence the firms' Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) whereas family ownership significantly influences ROA, but not ROE. Empirical findings also indicate that firm size, total assets and solidity have significant impact on ROA and ROE. Discussing our empirical findings in light of stewardship and agency theories, we especially supplement stewardship theory due to the close alignment between owners and managers in family-owned firms.Journal of Business and Management Research, vol.1 (2), 2016, pp. 33-47
Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from India
Authors: G.C. Surya Bahadur
Published: September 2016

The paper attempts to analyze inter-linkages between corporate governance, ownership structure, capital structure and firm performance in India. The study employs a panel data of all CNX Nifty companies from 2008 to 2012. Using LSDV panel data models and 2SLS model the study reveals that that good corporate governance practices adopted by companies is positively related with financial performance. Board independence, number of board committees, and director remuneration are found to have positive relationship while larger board size, ownership by promoters and financial leverage have negative relationship with performance. There is existence of bi-directional relationship between corporate governance and financial performance. Companies with sound financial performance are more likely to conform to corporate governance norms and standards and implement sound corporate governance system. In addition, the findings reveal that corporate governance practices adopted by the listed firms depend on their ownership structure. Ownership concentration is found to effect corporate governance negatively.Journal of Business and Management Research, Vol. 1 (2), 2016, pp. 48-65.
Tuberculosis in Nepal: Diagnosis and Treatment Barriers
Authors: Marahatta SB , Karki BJ
Published: September 2016

Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol. 2 2016 p.1-2
Needs assessment of mental health training for Auxiliary Nurse Midwives: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Simkhada Bibha , Sharma Geeta , Pradhan Samridhi , Van Teijlingen Edwin , Ireland Jillian , Simkhada Padham , Devkota Bhimsen
Published: September 2016

Mental health in pregnant women and new mothers is increasing recognised on the global health agenda. In Nepal mental health is generally a difficult to topic to discuss. THET, a London-based organisation, funded Bournemouth University, and Liverpool John Moores University in the UK and Tribhuvan University in Nepal to train community-based maternity workers on issues around mental health.This paper reports on a quantitative survey with nearly all Auxiliary Nurse Midwives in Nawalparasi (southern part of Nepal). The findings illustrate the lack of training on mental health issues related to pregnancy and childbirth in this group of health workers. Thus the paper’s conclusions stress the need for dedicated training in this field.Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol. 2 2016 p.20-26