bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Suicide among Elderly Persons
Authors: Kirsling Robert A.
Published: September 2011

The literature was reviewed on the topic of suicide among elderly persons. Incidence rates were discussed from the United States as well as other countries. Suicide rates were noted for the general population and by specific age and sex groups within the elderly population. Contributing factors included depression, bereavement, loss of confidant, retirement, socioeconomic and occupational factors, and “the level of unbearability”, a very personalized set of conditions which may trigger the suicidal act. Current preventive strategies were then considered, including increased educational efforts for family members and friends of potential victims, the role of the physician, and societal initiatives such as retirement considerations and existing mental health programs. Lastly, recommendations for the strengthening of current preventive strategies and the development of new initiatives and research were discussed.
A Pilot Study Assessing Type a Behavior in Violence-Prone Inmates
Authors: Schell Bernadette H. , Cachon Jean-Charles , Ganjavi Ozhand , Porporino Frank
Published: September 2011

This study compared the Type A tendencies reported on the Behavior Activity Profile questionnaire and those yielded by a taped-voice analysis of 34 male prison inmates convicted for a variety of violent offenses. The primary objective was to provide prison officials with an instrument for detecting repeated assaulters from nonassaulters. The secondary objective was to determine which of the two Type A assessment techniques was more predictive of prisoners' status as assaulters. The multivariate analysis indicated that the profile, prisoners' length of sentence, and number of convictions accounted for 88% of the variance in grouping, assaulter or nonassaulter. Implications for prison administrators and researchers were discussed.
Shyness, Boredom, and Grade Point Average among College Students
Authors: Maroldo Georgette K.
Published: September 2011

The relations among shyness, boredom, and grade point average were studied with 223 college students during an Interim at Texas Lutheran College. A positive relationship between shyness and boredom was noted for women and an inverse one between boredom and grade point average for men. However, no correlation was found between shyness and grade point average for women or men. As expected, the multiple correlations (.17, .16) were not significant for either group. Further research seems warranted, and several variables are specified for consideration.
Political Stereotypes and Attributed Psychological Needs in Liberal and Conservative Female College Students
Authors: Ziegler Daniel J. , Korten Matthew J. , Murtagh Michael P.
Published: September 2011

Liberal and conservative political stereotypes in both 21 liberal and 21 conservative female college students were differentiated from one another on the basis of Murray's psychological needs attributed to the stereotypes by the students.
Job Involvement: An Elusive Concept
Authors: Knoop Robert
Published: September 2011

The relationship of seven personal and seven job factors on job involvement were examined for a sample of 926 secondary school teachers. Multiple regression analyses gave no personal predictors but four job predictors (job satisfaction, job motivation, participation in decision making, and satisfaction with supervision) which together accounted for 28% of the variance in job involvement. When grouped, the relationships did not change: job-related variables but not personal-psychological factors influenced job involvement in this sample.
Teachability and Behavior of Learning Disabled Children
Authors: Bender William N.
Published: September 2011

Teachers' ratings of teachability and behavior for 38 learning disabled children in Grades 3 to 6 were compared with ratings for 38 nondisabled children. Only two correlations between behavior and teachability for the disabled group and six for the nondisabled group were significant. Analysis of covariance indicated that the disabled children received less positive teachability ratings on school-appropriate behavior. Also the disabled group was rated less positively on three overt problem behaviors, acting out, distractibility, and immaturity. Research and educational implications were discussed.
Factorial Assessment of Rated Work Performance with Entry Level Psychiatric Aides
Authors: Distefano M. K. , Pryer Margaret W.
Published: September 2011

A principal-components factor analysis of a 54-item work-performance rating scale with 173 entry-level psychiatric aides yielded three interpretable factors, Factor I: charting, record-keeping, and basic nursing care, Factor II: general work habits and compliance with rules, and Factor III: therapeutic interaction with patients. Comparisons of factorial and conceptual scoring methods yielded no differences in verbal-selection test/work-performance validities and no race or sex differences using either method. It was noted, however, that the use of factor analysis contributed to the construct validity of the scale and identified the major components of variance.
Startle and Reward-Based Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
Authors: Armus Harvard L.
Published: September 2011

Using 30 male rats in a within-subjects design, the hypothesis was tested that avoidance-avoidance conflict based on the omission of food reward in a two-choice discrimination task would result in a more intense acoustic startle reaction than would the absence of such conflict. To maintain a high level of conflict, training days were interspersed between test days. Data showed no differences between conflict and nonconflict conditions.
Effects of Type of Comparative Advertisement on Responses to the Advertisement and the Advertised Product
Authors: Collins Michael G. , Waters L. K.
Published: September 2011

The effects of four types of comparative advertisements, based on Shimp's 1975 typology, on multiple advertisement-related and product-related responses for two product classes and two levels of brand visibility were examined. Groups of 20 college students each read one type of comparative advertisement for one combination of product class and brand visibility as part of a booklet containing general interest articles and other noncomparative advertisements. Analyses of responses to the advertisements and the advertised products indicated that the type of advertisement significantly affected advertisement-related responses but had a significant effect on only one of the product-related responses. Specification of the attribute of comparison was more salient than the specification of the comparison brand.
Coping Patterns of Parents of Chronically Ill Children
Authors: Powers Gail M. , Gaudet Linda M. , Powers Stephen
Published: September 2011

This study examined the coping patterns of 107 parents of chronically ill children in Southern Arizona. Coping patterns were measured with the Coping-Health Inventory of Parents. Mothers scored higher than fathers on strengthening the self and understanding the medical situation. Anglo-American parents scored higher than Hispanic-American on strengthening the self. No significant correlations were found between income, education or age with coping patterns of parents.
Comparison of Total Self-Esteem Scores on Coopersmith's Inventory for Pupils from India and the United States
Authors: Sethi Renuka R. , Calhoun George
Published: September 2011

Studies comparing self-esteem and ethnicity are both limited and contradictory. The present study was designed to compare 200 pupils, aged 10 to 14 years, from India and the United States on self-esteem using Coopersmith's Self-esteem Inventory. A 2 × 2 analysis of variance showed pupils from the United States had significantly but only slightly higher scores on self-esteem.
Score Differences in WAIS—R Scatter for Schizophrenics, Depressives, and Personality Disorders: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Pernicano Kevin M.
Published: September 2011

Previous research has suggested that differences in subtest scatter may be indicated for diagnostic groups, although no one has applied DSM-III categories or used the WAIS—R for this purpose. This study yielded significant differences between small groups of patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia, Depression, and Personality Disorders on Information, Arithmetic subtests, and over-all Verbal-Performance IQ differences.
Differences in Self-Concept between Deep and Shallow Processors
Authors: Gadzella Bernadette M. , Ginther Dean W. , Williamson J. David
Published: September 2011

The Deep Processes scale of the Inventory of Learning Processes was used to identify the deep and shallow processors and selected Tennesse Self-concept subscales were used to assess 143 undergraduate college students' self-concepts. Analysis showed that deep processors had significantly higher scores than shallow processors on Identity, Self-satisfaction, Behavior, Moral-Ethical Self, Personal Self, and Social Self and the total self-concept scales.
Maintenance of Religious Fundamentalism
Authors: Hood Ralph W. , Morris Ronald J. , Watson P. J.
Published: September 2011

Kuhn's analysis of paradigm clashes in science is the backdrop from which the maintenance of religious fundamentalism is discussed. Claims that fundamentalists display either forms of psychopathology or some sort of intellectual distortion are reviewed and shown to be unwarranted. The relevance of paradigm clashes is confronted in terms of influencing both the collection and evaluation of data regarding fundamentalists. The general issue of boundary maintenance is suggested as a more fruitful approach to analyzing commitment to fundamentalist religious belief.
Role-Played Relationships between Assertiveness and Mock Interviewing Success
Authors: White Charles S.
Published: September 2011

122 undergraduate business and psychology students conducted mock screening interviews in a laboratory setting. Interviewees' assertiveness was associated with this interviewing success. The interviewers' assertiveness was unrelated to interview success.
Reciprocity of Liking following Face-to-Face Encounters with Attractive and Unattractive others
Authors: Wilson Warner , Henzlik Wilma
Published: September 2011

48 male and female students in introductory psychology engaged in a get acquainted conversation with a confederate of the opposite sex. After the conversation, the experimenter asked each person to rate the other and indicated that they would then see each other's ratings as a part of the acquaintance process. Immediately after the first ratings were exchanged, however, the experimenter asked both subjects for a second confidential rating. According to prior instructions, the confederate gave either positive (7 to 9) or negative (3 to 6) preliminary ratings. The second rating, which was of liking, showed a strong tendency for the subjects to reciprocate the favorability of the first ratings made of them by the confederate. Attractive more than unattractive confederates were better liked. In contrast to previous research, however, data showed no tendency for subjects to respond more strongly to positive or negative feedback from an attractive rather than from an unattractive other.
Closed-Mindedness: Effect on Achievement
Authors: Martin John D. , Grah Charles R. , Harris Joan Wilkinson
Published: September 2011

The present research was undertaken to determine the relationship between dogmatism and achievement as determined by Rokeach's Dogmatism Scale and the Ai scale on the California Psychological Inventory. For 49 female and 17 male undergraduate students, the inverse moderate correlation of −.49 was significant, suggesting that high scores on the Ai scale represent open-mindedness and low scores on the dogmatism scale represent the same. This pattern is consistent when men and women were considered separately.
Measures of Self-Esteem by Preschool Children
Authors: McDowell Ann L. , Lindholm Byron W.
Published: September 2011

20 preschoolers were given four self-esteem measures to estimate correlations among measures and with selected demographic variables. Results were consistent with previous findings that self-evaluations differ in format and/or underlying factors which supports the differentiated or hierarchical rather than global organization of self-regard scales.
Intergenerational Transfer of Normative Parental Attitudes
Authors: Hanson Richard A. , Mullis Ronald L.
Published: September 2011

The parenting and child-rearing attitudes of 97 female college students along with their parents were assessed using the Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory. Analysis showed a generational effect for empathic awareness of children's needs between mother and daughter. Other cross-sex and demographic effects were discussed.
Gender-Role Attitudes of Professional Female Educators toward Men in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Skeen Patsy , Robinson Bryan E. , Coleman Mick
Published: September 2011

A national random sample of women working in early childhood education was drawn from the membership of the National Association for the Education of Young Children to assess their attitudes toward the suitability, professional practice, and administrative capabilities of men in early childhood education. Past work experience with a male preschool teacher was a consistent indicator of a lack of stereotyped attitudes toward men in the early childhood field. Also, college professors and researchers were less stereotyped in their attitudes concerning the suitability of male preschool teachers than were either classroom teachers, other persons with direct child contact, or administrators. Implications for changing attitudes toward males in early childhood education are discussed in relation to these findings.
Utility of the Modified Health Belief Model in Predicting Compliance with Treatment by Adult Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Newell Susan M. , Price James H. , Baumann Reemt R. , Roberts Stephen M.
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this study was twofold. The primary purpose was to assess why some adult patients with advanced cancer who attend local outpatient clinics used unorthodox cancer therapies while others did not. Another purpose was to survey the prevalence of use of such unorthodox treatment by these patients. A questionnaire was developed based on the Health Belief Model, with an emphasis on cancer treatment. In addition, locus of control questions were developed to measure the participants' locus-of-control orientation about cancer treatment. Also included were attitude questions based on Ajzen and Fishbein's value-expectancy model, to measure the difficulty which barriers to treatment (e.g., cost, side effects) caused the respondents. The final test had eight subscales and demographic questions. Internal reliabilities ranged from .56 to .88. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that the variables which accounted for the largest portion of explained variance (10%) of use of unorthodox therapies were knowledge, attitudes, and education. The incidence of unorthodox cancer treatments was 23%. Also, the user of unorthodox therapies was likely to be younger, better educated, more knowledgeable concerning cancer treatments, and had more negative attitudes toward the barriers to cancer treatment.
The Self-Consciousness Scale: A Confirmatory Analysis
Authors: Gould Stephen J.
Published: September 2011

The Self-consciousness Scale measures three dimensions, private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness, and social anxiety. The present research tested previously used three- and four-factor models of the scale. Results, using confirmatory factor analysis, showed that a modified three-factor model, different from the others, fined the data best.
Redheads and Blonds: Stereotypic Images
Authors: Clayson Dennis E. , Maughan Micol R. C.
Published: September 2011

In a study involving 100 college subjects, blonds had a very positive stereotype. Blond females were seen as beautiful, pleasant, and extremely feminine. Blond males were seen as strong, active, pleasant, successful, and good-looking. Redheaded females were seen as unattractive, but as competent and professional. Redheaded males had a surprisingly negative stereotype. They were seen as very unattractive, less successful, and rather effeminate. Hair-color stereotypes seem to be very long lasting and robust.
Individual Difference Correlates of Two Leadership Styles
Authors: Schippmann Jeffery S. , Prien Erich P.
Published: September 2011

The Leadership Opinion Questionnaire (Fleishman, 1969) is a 40-item questionnaire designed to measure two important dimensions of leadership style, consideration and initiating structure. This research provides evidence from one sample which contradicts previous results involving this instrument and technically does not support the view that these two styles of leadership are unrelated to each other or to other measures of individual differences.
Role of Transactions in Mental Accounting
Authors: Singer Alan E. , Singer Ming S. , Ritchie Garth
Published: September 2011

The role of the transaction as a mediator of responses to the “theatre ticket” problems of Kahneman and Tversky was investigated. The hypothesis that implicit budgeting triggers topical organisation received some support. A further hypothesis, that social interaction is a salient feature of the problem, was not supported.
Effects of Course in Hospice Nursing: Attitudes and Behaviors of Baccalaureate School of Nursing Undergraduates and Graduates
Authors: Lev Elise L.
Published: September 2011

The study is a longitudinal quasiexperimental study of two groups of baccalaureate school of nursing students ( n = 6) and graduates ( n = 69). One group completed a course in hospice nursing; the control group said they would elect to enroll in the course were it offered. The attitudinal component, focusing on fears of death and dying, was measured by the Colett-Lester Fear of Death Scale. The behavioral component, focusing on self-reported avoidance behaviors towards dying, alcoholic, psychiatric, and AIDS patients, was measured by the Social Distance Scale. Between 1980 and 1985 pretest data were collected on the first day of a hospice nursing course and posttest data on the last day. Delayed posttest data were collected in 1985 from students and those graduates who could be located. Analysis of pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest scores indicated significantly less fear of death and dying and significantly fewer avoidance behaviors toward dying, alcoholic, psychiatric, and AIDS patients in the trained group's delayed posttest scores. Maintaining social distance or avoiding groups perceived as low in social worth such as the dying, alcoholic, psychiatric, and AIDS patient was a very real occurrence.
Locus of Control and Leadership in Children
Authors: Krantz Murray , Friedberg Jackie
Published: September 2011

The study focused on the relationships between locus of control, positive persuasion, prosocial leadership and popularity of children in Grades 3, 4, and 5. Locus of Control was assessed by a general measure and a measure specific to the social domain. The Children's Self-efficacy for Peer Interaction Scale was used to assess positive persuasion and sociometric techniques were used with peers and teachers to assess prosocial leadership and popularity. Internality was positively associated with positive persuasion in Grades 4 and 5. Social locus of control correlated significantly with leadership and popularity measures in Grades 4 and 5. Positive persuasion was not associated with the leadership/popularity measures. The results generally confirmed the important role of social locus of control in the achievement of social status.
Values of Psychology and Nonpsychology Majors
Authors: Puente Antonio E. , Awkard Joseph , Tesh Teresa , Southard Daniel
Published: September 2011

We investigated the value system of psychology and nonpsychology majors using a revised version of the Allport, Vernon, and Lindzey Study of Values. This abridged version of the test was administered to a heterogeneous sample of 125 undergraduates enrolled in a wide variety of psychology courses as well as 96 additional students enrolled in psychology sophomore and junior level psychological service courses. When students were more closely sampled for classes and rank, nonpsychology majors reported being more political than psychology majors on this instrument. However, limitations of sampling may have curtailed more robust differences. The importance of research on values for the teaching of undergraduate psychology is discussed.
Standardization of the Lie Scale of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory for Adults
Authors: Battle James , Hawkins Wendy L. , Carson Nancy G. , Ord Linda C. , Precht Dan
Published: September 2011

434 adults participated in a standardization study of the lie scale of the Culture-free Self-esteem Inventory for Adults, Form Ad. The mean lie scores for the total group, men and women, were 6.32, 6.37, and 6.28, respectively. No significant differences were found between the scores of men and women.
Refutational Messages on Donor Cards: A Test of Boomerang Effects
Authors: Winkel Frans Willem , Huismans Sipke E.
Published: September 2011

The use of refutational messages was suggested in a recent discussion about public communication campaigns as an instrument in recruiting donor-card holders. Characteristically such messages not only point out arguments in favour of filling in a donor card, but they also refute potential counterarguments. In the light of normative altruism models this particular sort of message runs a high risk of boomerang effects. In this experiment it was hypothesised that, specifically for subjects showing a strong tendency to deny responsibility, the presence of a refutational message results in (a) stronger agreement with negative behavioural outcomes, (b) weaker intentions to fill in a donor card, and (c) less desired behaviour. Experimental results relate to 202 inhabitants of a Dutch town. Their average age is 39 yr.; 34% are male, while average education is comparable to junior high school. High-denial subjects showed the predicted effect of stronger agreement with negative behavioural consequences, less willingness to complete a donor card, and less desired behaviour. However, boomerang effects were not experimentally confirmed. Some conditions explaining the nonoccurrence of detrimental campaign effects and suggestions for further experiments are discussed.
Locus of Control of Advantaged and Disadvantaged Adolescents
Authors: Kumar Anand , Tripathi Awadhesh Kumar
Published: September 2011

Scores for 200 disadvantaged (100 boys, 100 girls) and 200 advantaged (100 boys, 100 girls) youth ( M age = 16.45 yr.) on Rotter's Locus of Control Scale showed the disadvantaged youth had higher external scores than advantaged youth; girls scored higher than boys on the external scale.
The Self-Consciousness Scale and Locus of Control
Authors: Mikawa James K. , Nordin Ken , Eyman Jim
Published: September 2011

The Self-consciousness Scale has three factors, private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness, and social anxiety. It was expected that high private self-consciousness would facilitate tendencies toward internal locus of control. No relationship, however, was found between private self-consciousness and internal locus of control. Low to moderate correlations were found between locus of control, as measured by the Rotter I-E Scale and the Levenson Multidimensional Locus of Control Scale, and public self-consciousness and social anxiety. Public self-consciousness and social anxiety reflect concerns about the impact of others and external events. A total of 118 undergraduate students participated in the study, 65 women and 53 men.
Analysis of the Relationship between Anxiety about Mathematics and Performance
Authors: Adams Nicholas A. , Holcomb William R.
Published: September 2011

92 students in an upper level college statistics course were given a number of mathematics anxiety and performance measures. A canonical analysis resulted in one significant canonical factor, labeled Mathematics Efficiency, which explains the relationship between mathematics anxiety and mathematics performance. Variables making the greatest contribution to this high math efficiency factor were mathematics anxiety and attitude toward mathematics. One major implication of these results is that psychologists need to focus on attitude change and anxiety reduction techniques in helping people improve their performance in mathematics. In addition, educators need to design curricula which emphasize the promotion of positive attitudes toward mathematics rather than content alone to facilitate mathematics efficiency.
Utility of the Mini-Mult in a Community Mental Health Setting
Authors: Franco Juan N.
Published: September 2011

The usefulness of the Mini-Mult in a community mental health setting was investigated. The scale was administered to male and female suicidals, nonsuicidals, alcoholics, nonalcoholics, suicidal alcoholics, and suicidal nonalcoholics. The results indicate that the Mini-Mult may have some utility in a community mental health setting.
Relationships between Scores on Stanford-Binet IV and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised
Authors: Carvajal Howard , Weyand Kimberley
Published: September 2011

Estimations of some relationships among scores on the “General Purpose Abbreviated Battery” of the Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised were based on responses of a third-grade class of 11 boys and 12 girls who took both tests. Of 5 Pearson correlations of the total scores and of four pairs of subtests 3 were statistically significant. The Binet IV seems to hold promise for the examiner in the field although there are several points to ponder.
Role of Parental Example in Preadolescents' Use of Seat Belts
Authors: Page Randy M.
Published: September 2011

A survey of 256 middle-school students showed that parental example plays an important role in the use of seat belts by preadolescent children. Those who reported having ever seen one of their parents wear a seat belt were significantly more likely to wear their own seat belts than children who reported not ever seeing their parents wear a seat belt.
Shyness Situations: Perspectives of a Diverse Sample of Shy Females
Authors: Watson Arden K. , Cheek Jonathan M.
Published: September 2011

To determine whether shyness-eliciting situations identified by college students would generalize to a mote diverse sample, data were gathered from 187 shy females (14 to 58 yr. of age) who responded to a popular magazine's article about shyness. Coding of responses about shyness situations gave a set of categories highly congruent with previous research involving students. Engaging in conversations and encountering strangers or unfamiliar surroundings seem particularly problematic situations for shy people.
Affect and Cognition in Moral Judgment
Authors: Hanlin Hugh R. , Zucker Karl B.
Published: September 2011

Empirical data for 97 college students are reported which suggest a positive correlation (.41) between moral thinking at a principled level on the Defining Issues Test and positive affect associated with perceptions of others on the Paired Hands Test.
Attitudinal and Behavioral Correlates of Computer Anxiety
Authors: Morrow Paula C. , Prell Eric R. , McElroy James C.
Published: September 2011

108 male and 65 female undergraduate students participated in a survey designed to examine 10 potential correlates of computer anxiety. Analysis indicated that self-reported behavioral correlates, particularly those directly associated with computer use, accounted for more of the variance in computer anxiety than personality or attitudinally-based correlates.
Effects of Two Hypnotic Induction Procedures on Overt and Subjective Response to Two Measures of Hypnotic Susceptibility
Authors: Spanos Nicholas P. , Lush Nancy I. , Smith Janet E. , De Groh Margaret M.
Published: September 2011

64 subjects were administered both the Carleton University Responsiveness to Suggestion Scale and a modified version of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C. For half of the subjects both scales were preceded by administration of the Carleton hypnotic induction procedure. For the remaining subjects both scales were preceded by administration of the Stanford Hypnotic induction procedure. Contrary to a hypothesis propounded by Kihlstrom in 1985, type of induction procedure produced no significant differences on behavioral or subjective responding on either scale. Significant discrepancies between overt and subjective responding occurred on both scales; however, the magnitude of these discrepancies was not related to types of induction on either scale.
Predicting Children's Creative Performance
Authors: Runco Mark A.
Published: September 2011

The predictive validity of the fluency index of divergent-thinking tests was evaluated, with extracurricular creative performance in seven domains as the criteria. The unique aspects of this project were (a) that gifted and talented children were represented in the sample of 150 subjects, (b) that both performance quantity and quality scores were used as criteria, and (c) that fluency, fluency2, and an interaction of IQ X fluency were tested as predictors. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that fluency has predictive validity; however, this is limited to certain areas of performance, e.g., writing and crafts. IQ was significantly related to other areas of performance, e.g., science and performing arts, but there was little indication of a quadratic relationship or an interaction of IQ X fluency.
Psychosocial and other Factors in Excessive Drinking of Homosexuals and the General Population: Opinions of Alcohol Intervention Workers in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Israelstam Stephen
Published: September 2011

85 intervention workers indicated agreement with 18 statements about factors in excessive drinking of homosexuals and 18 parallel statements concerning the general population. Some respondents also listed other factors. t tests for means showed that respondents rated statements differently for homosexuals and the general population. When respondents were classified by demographic variables, F ratios yielded the same outcomes.
Therapists' Orientation and Defensive Styles
Authors: Ginot Efrat R. , Herron William G. , Sitkowski Suzanne
Published: September 2011

A relationship was found between therapists' orientations, defenses, and demographics. Three significant canonical variates were derived. The first was a group of men with doctoral degrees using reaction formation and projective style with little doubt or regression and oriented against marathons, physical contact, and expressive techniques. The second featured regression, displacement, doubt, projective style, regressive style, and repression. This group favored the therapeutic importance of therapist's personality and psychoanalytic orientation while minimizing feeling secure as a therapist and the need for social adjustment. They had a relatively young, inexperienced, nondoctoral composition. The third variate emphasized rationalizing style and deemphasized doubt and projective style.
Model for Assessment of Disruptive Adolescents
Authors: McGiboney Garry Wade , Carter Clifford
Published: September 2011

An assessment model of adolescents' response patterns to failed attempts to deal with anxiety and identity development is discussed. The model centers on Wagner's Structural Analysis Theory and emphasizes the importance of adolescents' reactions to punishment, support, and structure.
Note on the Validity of the Dutch State-Trait Anxiety Inventory with Surgical Patients
Authors: Smorenburg Jacqueline M. J. , Van Der Ent C. Kors , Bonke Benno
Published: September 2011

The present study assessed the test-retest scores of a Dutch version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory before and after surgery. The State and Trait-Anxiety scales of a Dutch version were administered to 159 surgical patients on the day before the operation and again three days later. After surgery, a significant decrease was found in State Anxiety and anxiety assessed by the two subscales within this scale, i.e., State Anxiety present and State Anxiety absent. Trait anxiety decreased only slightly.
Proximal Tibial Fracture Following Total Knee Arthoplasty
Authors: Krause Heike , Dunleavy Kim
Published: September 2011

The patient was a 74-year-old man, with a history of total knee arthoplasty 14 years earlier, after having sustained a pathological fracture of the proximal diaphysis of the left tibia following a fall. Given the unstable nature of the fracture and the severe osteolysis noted below the total knee arthroplasty, surgical management 1 day after the fall entailed packing cancellous bone graft into the defect and realigning the fracture.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(9):695. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.0418
Criteria-Based Management of an Acute Multistructure Knee Injury in a Professional Football Player: A Case Report
Authors: Yenchak A.J. , Wilk Kevin E. , Arrigo Christopher A. , Simpson Charles D. , Andrews James R.
Published: September 2011

Study Design

Case report.

Background

Joint stiffness, also called arthrofibrosis, remains the primary complication following any reconstructive knee surgery. Acute anterior cruciate ligament surgery, performed with concomitant multiple ligamentous repair and/or reconstruction, further increases the likelihood of developing impaired knee motion following surgery. The purpose of this case report is to present a criteria-based approach to the postoperative management of a multiligament knee injury.

Case Description

A 25-year-old male professional football player sustained a contact injury to his right knee while making a tackle during a regular season game in 2007. He underwent an acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, with concomitant posterolateral corner repair, biceps femoris/iliotibial band repair, lateral collateral ligament repair, and a medial meniscocapsular junction repair. He completed 17 weeks of a multiphased rehabilitation program that emphasized immediate range of motion, low-load long-duration stretching, therapeutic exercise, neuromuscular reeducation/perturbation training, plyometrics, and sport-specific functional drills. Electrical neurostimulation was implemented during the early stages of rehabilitation to control postoperative pain and to promote a steady progression of therapeutic exercise activity.

Outcomes

The patient was cleared to begin sport-specific activity 7 months after major multistructure reconstructive knee surgery. He began the 2008 season on the physically-unable-to-perform list, but was activated midseason and played in every game thereafter. During the 2009 and 2010 seasons, he played all regular season games and all playoff games as a starter, and continues to start as a defensive cornerback in the National Football League.

Discussion

This case report highlights the clinical decision-making process and management involved in an acute multiple ligamentous knee injury/reconstruction.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(9):675–686.doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3453
Thoracic Spine Thrust Manipulation Improves Pain, Range of Motion, and Self-Reported Function in Patients With Mechanical Neck Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cross Kevin M. , Kuenze Chris , Grindstaff Terry , Hertel Jay
Published: September 2011

Study Design

Systematic review.

Background

Neck pain is a common diagnosis in the physical therapy setting, yet there is no gold standard for treatment. This study is part of a growing body of literature on the use of thoracic spine thrust manipulation for the treatment of individuals with mechanical neck pain.

Objective

The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation on pain, range of motion, and self-reported function in patients with mechanical neck pain.

Methods

Six online databases were comprehensively searched from their respective inception to October 2010. The primary search terms included “thoracic mobilization,” “thoracic spine mobilization,” “thoracic manipulation,” and “thoracic spine manipulation.” Of the 44 studies assessed for inclusion, 6 randomized controlled trials were retained. Between-group mean differences and effect sizes for pretreatment-to-posttreatment change scores, using Cohen's d formula, were calculated for pain, range of motion, and subjective function at all stated time intervals.

Results

Effect size point estimates for the pain change scores were significant for global assessment across all studies (range, 0.38–4.03) but not conclusively significant at the end range of active rotation (range, 0.02–1.79). Effect size point estimates were large among all range-of-motion change measures (range, 1.40–3.52), and the effect size point estimates of the change scores among the functional questionnaires (range, 0.47–3.64) also indicated a significant treatment effect.

Conclusions

Thoracic spine thrust manipulation may provide short-term improvement in patients with acute or subacute mechanical neck pain. However, the body of literature is weak, and these results may not be generalizable.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(9):633–642. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3670
Suicide in Old Norse and Finnish Folk Stories
Authors: Pridmore Saxby , Ahmadi Jamshid , Majeed Zainab Abd
Published: September 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the folk stories of Norway, Iceland and Finland with a view to discovering accounts of suicide as an escape option from intolerable predicaments, and to compare any such accounts with material from Southern Europe.

Method: The Poetic Edda (Norway/Iceland) and The Kalevala (Finland) were examined for accounts of suicide, and evidence regarding the influence of these texts and individual accounts was collected.

Results: The Poetic Edda provided one account and The Kalevala three accounts of suicide performed as a means of escaping intolerable situations. Both the Poetic Edda and The Kalevala are in public awareness and have influenced the politics and culture of their respective regions. The individual suicides have been depicted in literature, music and the visual arts, from the distant past to the present time.

Conclusion: Suicide as a means of escape from intolerable predicaments has been public knowledge in these regions for a millennium. This is consistent with findings from Southern Europe and substantiates that intolerable predicaments may lead to suicide.
Second-look surgery for ependymoma: the Italian experience
Authors: Massimino Maura , Solero Carlo Lazzaro , Garrè Maria Luisa , Biassoni Veronica , Cama Armando , Genitori Lorenzo , Di Rocco Concezio , Sardi Iacopo , Viscardi Elisabetta , Modena Piergiorgio , Potepan Paolo , Barra Salvina , Scarzello Giovanni , Galassi Ercole , Giangaspero Felice , Antonelli Manila , Gandola Lorenza
Published: September 2011

Object

Complete ependymoma resection ensures a better prognosis for children with this tumor, but the complete excision of infratentorial ependymomas involves serious risks. Second-look surgery for tumor remnants may be less harmful and enable complete removal. There is a potential, although still unclear, role for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in preparation for further surgery.

Methods

Since 1994, the authors have adopted two successive protocols for intracranial ependymoma, both including a phase of adjuvant chemotherapy for children with surgical tumor remnants with a plan for potential second-look surgery before radiotherapy.

Results

In the first protocol, 9 of 63 children underwent further surgery, and 6 became tumor free with no additional sequelae. Their prognosis for progression-free survival and freedom from local relapse was comparable to that of children who were operated on only once. In the second protocol, efforts were made to achieve complete resection and 29 of 110 patients underwent reoperations: 9 after the first surgery, 17 after chemotherapy, and 3 soon after radiotherapy. Fourteen of the 29 patients became tumor free, 1 of them with worsening neurological symptoms. The outcome of the 66 patients who became tumor free after 1 operation was compared with that of the 14 who became tumor free after reoperation. The 3-year progression-free survival of the 66 patients compared with the 14 other patients was 71.4% ± 6.9% and 90% ± 9.5%, respectively; the 3-year freedom from local relapse was 84.7% ± 5.9% and 90% ± 9.5%, respectively; and the 3-year overall survival was 85.9% ± 5.4% and 87.5% ± 11.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

Second-look surgery proved feasible with no major morbidity, and results improved with time. Local tumor control was comparable in patients undergoing 1 or more resections.
Promoting cancer screening within the patient centered medical home
Authors: Sarfaty Mona , Wender Richard , Smith Robert
Published: September 2011

While consensus has grown that primary care is the essential access point in a high‐performing health care system, the current model of primary care underperforms in both chronic disease management and prevention. The Patient Centered Medical Home model (PCMH) is at the center of efforts to reinvent primary care practice, and is regarded as the most promising approach to addressing the burden of chronic disease, improving health outcomes, and reducing health spending. However, the potential for the medical home to improve the delivery of cancer screening (and preventive services in general) has received limited attention in both conceptualization and practice. Medical home demonstrations to date have included few evidence‐based preventive services in their outcome measures, and few have evaluated the effect of different payment models. Decreasing use of hospitals and emergency rooms and an emphasis on improving chronic care represent improvements in effective delivery of healthcare, but leave opportunities for reducing the burden of cancer untouched. Data confirm that what does or does not happen in the primary care setting has a substantial impact on cancer outcomes. Insofar as cancer is the leading cause of death before age 80, the PCMH model must prioritize adherence to cancer screening according to recommended guidelines, and systems, financial incentives, and reimbursements must be aligned to achieve that goal. This article explores capacities that are needed in the medical home model to facilitate the integration of cancer screening and other preventive services. These capacities include improved patient access and communication, health risk assessments, periodic preventive health exams, use of registries that store cancer risk information and screening history, ability to track and follow up on tests and referrals, feedback on performance, and payment models that reward cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Effect of Microwave Calcinations on Barium Hexaferrite Synthesized via Sol-Gel Combustion
Authors: Kanagesan S. , Jesurani S. , Sivakumar M. , Thirupathi C. , Kalaivani T.
Published: September 2011

In the present work we have shown a novel Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19 - BaF) powder synthesized by a sol-gel combustion route using metal nitrates and D-Fructose. BaFe12O19 precursor was calcined using microwave furnace at 900°C for 10 minutes. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), whose results indicate that they have well crystalline phase of barium hexaferrite, the diameter of the hexagonal platelet-like structure ranges from 50 to 100 nm. Magnetic measurements showed that the coercivity was 5558.6 Oe and saturation magnetization was 55.20 emu/g. Magnetic measurements for the barium hexaferrite showed enhanced coercivity.Keywords: Sol-gel combustion; Hexaferrite; D-Fructose; Remanent magnetization; Precursor.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.6483               J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 451-456 (2011)
Preliminary Investigation on Sodium Alginate Extracted from Sargassum Subrepandum of Red Sea of Eritrea as Tablet Binder
Authors: Basha N. S. , Rekha R. , Letensie A. , Mensura S.
Published: September 2011

Natural polysaccharides hold advantages over synthetic polymers for conventional and novel dosage forms, because these are non-toxic, less expensive, and biodegradable. These can also be modified to tailor-made materials and thus can compete with the available synthetic excipients. Therefore, the aim of present work is to extract sodium alginate from the seaweed S. subrepandum to assess its binding property using propranolol as model drug. Sodium alginate was extracted by room-temperature alkaline extraction and high-temperature (80°C) alkaline extraction methods. Binding strength was evaluated by using two different formulations i.e., formulation 1 with sodium alginate as a binder and formulation 2 with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as reference standard. The two tablet formulations were evaluated and compared for parameters such as friability, hardness and disintegration. The percentage yield was found to be 17.5% w/w by room-temperature alkaline extraction and 21%w/w by high-temperature extraction method. The results obtained for all tested parameters for tablets with sodium alginate were found within acceptable range of USP standards. It was also founded that both sodium alginate and HPMC have similar binding strength at similar concentration. So, it can be concluded that sodium alginate of S. subrepandum can be used as suitable alternative binder in tablet formulations.Keywords: Sargassum subrepandum; Sodium alginate; Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; Friability; Hardness; Disintegration.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.6770                     J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 619-628 (2011)
Extraction of Alkaloids and Oil from Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) Seed
Authors: Rahman M. S. , Islam M. B. , Rouf M. A. , Jalil M. A. , Haque M. Z.
Published: September 2011

The present study deals with the extraction of alkaloids and oil from Karanja seed. It was observed that Karanja seed grown under the soil and climatic condition of Bangladesh contains alkaloids and 32% of bitter, red brown thick oil. Using hexane as the only organic solvent alkaloids and oil were recovered from the seeds and defatted kernels by two extractions.. The oil and those alkaloids which occurred as free bases were recovered first with hexane from the dried crushed seeds. Then hexane-insoluble salts of the alkaloids retained in the defatted kernels were converted into hexane-soluble free bases by the treatment with aq. sodium carbonate or ammonium hydroxide. Then after the free bases, soluble in hexane thus obtained were recovered by another extraction with hexane. Thus a proteinaceous meal was obtained containing very low alkaloid without losing any proteins. The alkaloids which were dissolved in the oil were then converted into water-soluble salts by treating with aq. hydrochloric acid. Thereafter, the water soluble salts were completely removed by repeated extraction with water. Keywords:   Pongamia pinnata; Oil; Alkaloid; Extraction. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7227                J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 669-675 (2011)