bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Stok Udang Putih (Penaeus merguiensis) di Perairan Senggarang Kota Tanjungpinang
Authors: Selvia Irma Devi , Lestari Febrianti , Susiana
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini mengenai analisis stok udang putih (Penaeus merguiensis) di Perairan Senggarang Kota Tanjungpinang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui stok udang putih (Penaeus merguiensis) berdasarkan frekuensi panjang, identifikasi kelompok ukuran, parameter pertumbuhan, hubungan panjang bobot serta faktor kondisi, dan juga tingkat mortalitas serta laju eksploitasi pada udang di Perairan Senggarang Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Kota,  Kota  Tanjungpinang.   Penelitian  ini  dilakukan  dengan  metode  random  sampling sebanyak 600 ekor dengan kisaran panjang 45-178 mm yang dianalisis mengguanakan data sofware dengan aplikasi FISAT II dan regresi dari microsoft excel. Penelitian ini menghasilkan koefisien pertumbuhan (K) yang paling tinggi didapatkan dari data udang putih betina yaitu sebesar 0,88 per tahun, sedangkan untuk panjang berat udang putih jantan dan betina keduanya adalah allometrik negatif (pertambahan panjang lebih cepat daripada pertambahan bobot). Laju eksploitasi udang putih paling tiggi didapat dari data udang putih betina sebesar 0,76 per tahun. Nilai eksploitasi ini melebihi nilai eksploitasi optimum 0,5.
Analisis Kesesuaian Kawasan Wisata Pantai di Pulau Bungin Kecamatan Tambelan Kabupaten Bintan
Authors: Raplianto Raplianto , Lestari Febrianti , Susiana Susiana
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekologis, tingkat kesesuaian kawasan wisata pantai dan daya dukung kawasan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi ekologis kawasan pantai Pulau Bungin sesuai untuk dijadikan sebagai kawasan wisata pantai. Namun, sarana dan prasarana dan ketersediaan air tawar di Pulau Bungin tidak memadai. Tingkat kesesuaian kawasan wisata pantai di Pulau Bungin berdasarkan potensi ekologis memiliki nilai indeks kesesuaian wisata pada stasiun I dan II yaitu 81,58% dan 81,58 terkategori sangat sesuai (S1). Daya dukung kawasan pantai Pulau Bungin untuk aktivitas wisata pantai pada stasiun I dan II adalah 112 dan 138  jiwa dengan pemanfaatan luas area 50 m2/orang untuk waktu kunjungan selama 3 jam/orang/hari. Berdasarkan kajian potensi ekologis, Pulau Bungin berpotensi untuk dijadikan kawasan wisata pantai.
Pengaruh Laju Sedimentasi Terhadap Kerapatan Lamun di Perairan Beloreng Kelurahan Tembeling Tanjung Kabupaten Bintan
Authors: Fernando Riky , Retna Melani Winny , Kurniawan Dedy
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kerapatan lamun, laju sedimentasi dan pengaruh laju sedimentasi terhadap kerapatan lamun di Perairan Beloreng Kelurahan Tembeling Tanjung Kabupaten Bintan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei sebanyak 30 titik menggunakan plot berukuran 1 x 1 meter dan sediment trap. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 5 jenis lamun yaitu, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rontundata, Halodule uninervis, dan Halophila decipiens dengan kerapatan berkategori rapat. Laju sedimentasi dengan nilai total sebesar 0,3668 (g/cm2/hari) dengan nilai rata-rata selama sebulan yang mengalami kenaikan setiap minggunya, serta laju volume sedimentasi dengan nilai total 0,1778 (ml/cm2/hari) dan memiliki nilai rata-rata perbulan yang sama. Hasil analisis pengaruh laju sedimentasi terhadap kerapatan lamun di Perairan Beloreng Kelurahan Tembeling Tanjung Kabupaten Bintan dengan hasil 87% kerapatan lamun dipengaruhi oleh laju sedimentasi, dengan hubungan antar variabel bersifat sangat kuat.
Struktur Komunitas dan Sebaran Bintang Laut di Perairan Desa Pengudang Kabupaten Bintan
Authors: Dharma Atria , Lestari Febrianti , Susiana Susiana
Published: April 2021

Penelitian mengenai, Struktur Komunitas dan Sebaran Bintang Laut telah dilakukan di perairan Desa Pengudang Kabupaten Bintan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk megetahui jenis-jenis kepadatan dan struktur komunitas serta pola sebaran bintang laut di perairan Desa Pengudang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode random sampling sebanyak 30 titik menggunakan  transek 1 x 1 m untuk kepadatan bintang laut. Hasil penelitian ditemukan dua spesies bintang laut yaitu dengan nilai kepadatan Archaster typicus 1,53 ind/m2, Protoreaster nodosus 0,16 ind/m2. Nilai keanekaragaman didapat dengan nilai 0,321, dan keseragaman didapat dengan nilai 0,463 serta dominansi dengan nilai 0,823. Bentuk pola sebaran di perairan Desa Pengudang memiliki bentuk mengelompok. Kondisi perairan di Desa Pengudang tergolong baik sesuai  dengan Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Baku Mutu Air Laut untuk Biota Laut(KepMen LH No.200 Tahun 2004). Analisis substrat diperairan Desa Pengudang terdiri dari pasir kerikil. Komposisi pasir lebih besar yaitu 97,3% merupakan tempat habitatnya jenis bintang laut Archaster typius yang lebih sering di jumpai pada tipe substrat pasir halus yang lebih dominan di sekitaran padang lamun Desa Pengudang
Tingkat Kesuburan Perairan Pasca Tambang Timah di Desa Prayun Kecamatan Kundur Kabupaten Karimun
Authors: Juliana Juliana , Retna Melani Winny , Kurniawan Dedy
Published: April 2021

Kepulauan Kundur merupakan salah satu penghasil timah di Indonesia, salah satu lokasinya berada di Desa Prayun. Desa Prayun terdapat banyak bekas galian tambang timah yang dibiarkan begitu saja tanpa termanfaatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesuburan perairan Pasca Tambang Timah Desa Prayun Kecamatan Kundur Kabupaten Karimun. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Prayun Kepulauan Kundur pada bulan Maret-Juni 2018.  Penelitian ini  mengunakan  metode survey, dengan penentuan stasiun menggunakan metode Random  Sampling  sebanyak  30  titik.  Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan metode Trofik Status Indeks (TSI). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perairan di danau pasca tambang timah Desa Prayun ini tergolong dalam kategori oligotrofik (kesuburan rendah).
Hubungan Persentase Tutupan Karang Hidup dengan Kelimpahan Ikan Indikator Chaetodontidae di Perairan Pengudang, Kabupaten Bintan
Authors: Adrian Dino , Kurniawan Dedy , Putra Risandi Dwirama
Published: April 2021

Perairan Pengudang, memiliki sumberdaya kelautan perikanan yang beragam. Salah satu potensi yang ada yaitu ekosistem terumbu karang dan ikan yang berasosiasi di ekosistem tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi persentase terumbu karang hidup dan kelimpahan ikan indikator Chaetodontidae beserta hubungannya. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Underwater Photo Transeck (UPT) untuk kondisi terumbu karang dan Underwater Visual Cencus (UVC) untuk ikan chaetodontidae, selanjutnya data karang diolah dengan aplikasi CPCe 4.0. Untuk data ikan Chaetodontidae yang diperoleh dihitung jumlah individu dan diidentifikasi jenis Species yang didapati. Lalu untuk melihat hubungan dari persentase tutupan terumbu karang terhadap kelimpahan ikan indikator Chaetodontidae menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Persentase karang hidup Perairan Pengudang untuk lokasi pengamatan 1 sebesar 54,14% dengan kategori baik, lokasi pengamatan 2 sebesar 52,57% dengan kategori baik, dan untuk lokasi pengamatan 3 sebesar 35,34% dengan kategori sedang. Adapun untuk jenis ikan Caetodonthidae ditemukan yaitu Chaetodon octofasciatus dengan kelimpahan dan Chelmon rostratus. Untuk keterkaitan diketahui bahwa persentasi karang hidup berpengaruh positif terhadap kelimpahan ikan Chaetodontidae dengan total pengaruh sebesar 7,61% sedangkan 92,39% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lainnya. nilai korelasi ini merupakan nilai korelasi yang sangat rendah
Pola Sebaran dan Kepadatan Cerithiidae di Ekosistem Mangrove dan Padang Lamun di Perairan Pulau Penyengat Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Kota
Authors: Sanjaya Putra , Lestari Febrianti , Susiana Susiana
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pola sebaran dan kepadatan Cerithiidae pada ekosistem Mangrove dan padang lamun di perairan Pulau Penyengat. Penentuan stasiun penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling sebanyak 2 stasiun yaitu stasiun I kawasan ekosistem mangrove dan padang lamun, yang ada aktivitas masyarakat dan stasiun II kawasan ekosistem mangrove dan padang lamun tidak ada aktivitas masyarakat. Pengambilan sampel Cerithiidae dilakukan sebanyak 12 kali ulangan pada setiap stasiun, menggunakan transek 1x1 meter. Pola sebaran stasiun I dan II kawasan ekosistem padang lamun memiliki nilai yang cenderung sama dengan nilai Id (indek morisita) 8,19 dan Id 9,78 dikategorikan mengelompok. Sama halnya stasiun I dan II kawasan mangrove dengan nilai Id 2,29  dan Id 2,42 juga dikategorikan mengelompok. Sedangkan tingkat kepadatan stasiun I dan II ekosistem padang lamun memiliki kepadatan yang cendrung sama dengan nilai yaitu stasiun I, 25.555 ind/Ha dan stasiun II, 24.722 ind/Ha, sama halnya tingkat kepadatan stasiun I dan II kawasan mangrove tidak berbeda dengan nilai rata-rata tingkat kepadatan stasiun I yaitu 20.873 ind/Ha dan stasiun II 17.963 ind/Ha. Selanjutnya hasil analysis principal component analysis (PCA) dengan karakteristik penciri lingkungan pada stasiun I ekosistem mangrove yaitu pH tidak memiliki keterkaitan dengan tingkat kepadatan Cerithiidae. Selanjutnya Pada stasiun I ekosistem padang lamun terdiri dari Salanitas, suhu, dan DO memiliki keterkaitan terhadap tingkat kepadatan. Pada stasiun II ekosistem mangrove dengan karakteristik penciri lingkungan yaitu TOM tidak memiliki keterkaitan terhadap tingkat kepadatan. Selanjutnya pada stasiun II ekosistem padang lamun dengan karakteristik penciri lingkungan yaitu Kecepatan arus dan Substrat juga tidak memiliki keterkaitan dengan tingkat kepadatan Cerithiidae.
Makrozoobentos sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Perairan di Senggarang Besar Kota Tanjungpinang
Authors: Putra Raden Aditiyarma , Melani Winny Retna , Suryanti Ani
Published: April 2021

Makrozoobentos merupakan organisme yang peka terhadap perubahan lingkungan sehingga sangat baik digunakan sebagai indikator biologis suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis makrozoobentos, tingkat keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dominansi makrozoobentos dan kualitas perairan Senggarang Besar berdasarkan keberadaan makrozoobentos (menggunakan Family Biotic Index). Penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Penentuan stasiun menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel makrozoobentos menggunakan line transect dengan transek kuadrat dan core sampler. Makrozoobentos yang ditemukan di Perairan Senggarang Besar yaitu: Anadara granosa, Canarium urceus, Capitella teleta, Cerithium coralium, Nerita ritena, Luidia columbia, Tapes literatus, Nassarius olivaceus, Pirenella cingulata, Planaxis sulcatus, Polymesoda erosa, Pythia scarabaeus, Semiricinula tissoti, dan Terebralia sulcata. Keanekaragaman tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun 2 (H'= 1,91) dan makrozoobentos yang mendominasi dari famili Certhiidae. Keseragaman tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun 3 (E= 0,94) dan makrozoobentos yang mendominasi dari famili Potamididae. Dominansi tertinggi terdapat pada stasiun 1 (C= 0,52) dan makrozoobentos yang mendominasi dari famili Potamididae dan Cerithiidae. Dari keseluruhan parameter fisika-kimia, parameter nitrat dan fosfat tidak memenuhi baku mutu berdasarkan KepMen LH No.51 Tahun 2004 untuk biota laut. Kualitas perairan Senggarang Besar berdasarkan makrozoobentos sebagai bioindikator didapatkan bahwa, stasiun 1 (FBI= 6,94) dengan kategori  buruk, stasiun 2 (FBI= 5,6) dengan kategori cukup, stasiun 3 (FBI= 7) dengan kategori buruk.
Pengelolaan Ekowisata Perairan di Kawasan Wana Wisata Curug Nangka Kabupaten Bogor dari Perspektif Pengunjung
Authors: Rifqi Muhammad Ihsan
Published: April 2021

Wana Wisata Curug Nangka merupakan kawasan wisata yang terdapat ekosistem perairan yang memiliki peran penting dalam menunjang perekonomian dan mempertahankan kelestarian fungsi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi berdasarkan perspektif pengunjung dalam penerapan pengelolaan di kawasan Wana Wisata Curug Nangka secara berkelanjutan. Analisis data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Agustus 2019 di Wana Wisata Curug Nangka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pengunjung wisata cukup puas, namun mereka mengeluh terkait aspek-aspek sarana, fasilitas, kebersihan dan keamanan lokasi objek wisata. Pengelola wisata perlu memperbaiki sarana dan prasarana di lokasi obyek wisata tersebut.
REHABILITASI EKOSISTEM HUTAN MANGROVE DAN PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN DARI PENCEMARAN SAMPAH DI DESA SIMAU MELALUI PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT
Authors: Boyke Raymond Toisuta  , Tutupary Ontje Fransisca Winesty
Published: April 2021

Kerusakan hutan mangrove di wilayah pesisir desa Simau sebagian besar disebabkan oleh terjadinya penebangan hutan mangrove untuk kayu bakar, bahan bangunan, dan, masyarakat juga memanfaatkan areal sekitar hutan mangrove untuk tempat pemukiman dalam pencarian telur burung mamoa. Selain itu juga keberadaan sampah dilokasi tidak bisa dihindari karena semakin menumpuk sehingga dapat menimbulkan pencemaran sumber penyakit. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka dipandang perlu membangun Desa Simau melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam rangka merehabilitasi hutan mangrove dan menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dipesisir dari pencemaran sampah. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah merehabilitasi hutan mangrove untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidup ekosistemnya dan memulihkan kembali hutan mangrove yang rusak agar dapat kembali memberikan fungsinya bagi kesejahteraan manusia dan mendukung pembangunan wilayah pesisir serta menjaga kelestarian lingkungan pesisir dari pencemaran sampah yang berasal dari aktivitas masyarakat. Program pengabdian dilaksanakan melalui dialog bersama dan kegiatan demonstrasi yaitu kegiatan pembibitan dan penanaman 1000 anakan mangrove dan 100 anakan ketapang pada lokasi yang telah rusak, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembersihan lokasi pesisir dari pencemaran berbagai jenis sampah. Tercapainya tujuan ini karena dihadiri oleh 147 orang peserta yang menunjukkan antusiasme sangat besar terhadap program pengabdian ini. Kemudian keberhasilan kerjasama peserta dalam kegiatan pengabdian dapat dikatakan sangat baik karena didukung penggunaan metode dialog bersama dan demonstrasi untuk meningkatkan antusiasme para peserta. Keberhasilan ini diukur dari keempat komponen yaitu keberhasilan target peserta, ketercapaian tujuan, ketercapaian materi, dan kerjasama dalam pengabdian.
PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK UKM MELALUI INPUT TEKNOLOGI BIDANG PENGOLAHAN HASIL PERIKANAN DI KABUPATEN LINGGA, PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU
Authors: Made Suhandana
Published: April 2021

Usaha Kecil dan Menengah merupakan tulang punggung perekonomian Kabupaten Lingga dalam aspek Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan. Unit Usaha Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan di Kabupaten Lingga mencakup beberapa unit seperti pengolahan kerupuk, pengolahan produk fermentasi, pengolahan produk kering. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap meliputi pendataan jenis unit pengolahan ikan, focus group discussion, dan pengembangan kualitas produk sebagai cikal bkal produk unggulan daerah. Rencana pengembangan produk unggulan daerah hasil perikanan kabupaten lingga dapat dilakukan dengan mengembangkan unit pengolahan ikan berskala UKM yang sudah ada di kabupaten lingga. Input teknologi diberikan kepada usaha pengolahan ikan tersebut untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Kualitas produk dipengaruhi oleh bahan baku yang digunakan. Kualitas produk hasil perikanan dapat dihasilkan dengan menerapkan teknik penanganan ikan yang baik, penerapan sanitasi, penerapan cara berproduksi yang baik, dan Input teknologi pada pengemasan produk olahan ikan.
PELUANG PENERAPAN ZERO WASTE DARI INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN KERUPUK ATOM IKAN TENGGIRI DI DESA MALANG RAPAT KABUPATEN BINTAN
Authors: Faisal Susandi
Published: April 2021

Analisis mengenai peluang penerapan zero waste di kelompok masyarakat bandeng desa Malang Rapat Kabupaten Bintan. Tujuan analisis ini adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah limbah yang dihasilkan di industri pengolahan kerupuk atom ikan tenggiri dan peluang penerapan zero waste. Industri pengolahan kerupuk atom menghasilkan limbah antara lain limbah tulang ikan, limbah kulit ikan, limbah usus, limbah kepala dan limbah ekor. Jumlah limbah yang dihasilkan perminggunya bervariasi tergantung dari jumlah ikan yang diolah. Limbah tersebut telah diolah menjadi produk seperti kerupuk tulang, keripik kulit ikan. Hasil diskusi, pengumpulan data dan pendampingan merekomendasikan beberapa peluang pemanfaatan limbah industri kerupuk ikan antara lain silase dan pupuk cair.
PENGARUH METODE PENGERINGAN TERHADAPKARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA IKAN PARI (Dasyatis sp.) KERING
Authors: Faisal Susandi  , R. Marwita Sari Putri  , Jumsurizal
Published: April 2021

Pengeringan merupakan metode pengawetan dengan mengeluarkan atau menghilangkan air dari suatu bahan menggunakan energi panas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan perubahan karakteristik fisikokimia dengan metode pengeringan berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan pengeringan yaitu microwave, oven dan sinar matahari. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, kandungan garam, asam amino, TPC (Total Plate Count) dan uji hedonik (rasa, aroma, warna serta tekstur).Hasil penelitian menunjukan metode pengeringan berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar abu, kadar protein dan kadar lemak. Sedangkan lama penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, nilai TPC dan nilai hedonik. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik yaitu oven pada suhu 100○-130○C selama 5 jam dengan kadar air 14,81%, kadar abu 2,31%, kadar protein 41,87%, kadar lemak 3,07%, kadar garam 4,01%, nilai rasa 9,4, aroma 9,26, warna 8,86, tekstur 8,73 dan nilai TPC (Total Plate Count) 2,5 x 102.
Developing instructional materials on mathematics logical thinking through the Indonesian realistic mathematics education approach
Authors: Purwitaningrum Rahmi , Prahmana Rully Charitas Indra
Published: April 2021

Instructional materials are one of the essential parts to support the learning process becomes more exciting and meaningful. However, teachers do not yet give more attention to these parts, so that the learning process becomes uninteresting and boring. Therefore, this research aims to produce the instructional materials for the logical thinking of mathematics ability based on Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education for junior high school students for Grade 8, which is valid and practical. This research used a design research method with the type of development study conducted in two stages, namely preliminary design and formative evaluation, including self-evaluation, prototyping (expert reviews, one-to-one, and small groups) field tests the research conducted at junior high school. For research subjects, students of class VIII B of junior high school are 29 students. The techniques of data collection used are documentation, walkthrough, interviews, and test. The research data are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The results of data analysis known that this research produces the logical thinking of mathematics for instructional materials based on Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education on the content of linear equations of two variables that are valid, practical, and have potential effects. In this case, mathematics instructional materials in students' worksheets based on Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education have been content valid, constructive, and language from expert validation at the expert review stage. In contrast, the mathematics student worksheets based on Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education have been practically obtained from revisions results of one-to-one and small group. Furthermore, the prototype of instructional materials in the form of student worksheets has potential effects to improve the logical thinking of mathematics ability for students.
IINVESTigation of the catalytic and isomerization activity of multi-component skeletal nickel catalysts in the hydrogenation of hexene-1
Authors: Kairbekov Zh. K. , Suimbayeva S. M. , Jeldybayeva I. M. , Yermoldina E. T.
Published: April 2021

In this work, the effect of the amount of catalyst, modifying additives, and the phase composition of the alloys on the catalytic and isomerizing activity of skeletal in the hydrogenation reaction of hexane-1 is investigated. It has been shown that for all studied catalysts, the yield of products in the processes of migration and isomerization depends very strongly on the weighed portion of the catalyst introduced into the reaction medium. So, for example, the yield of hexane-2 with an increase in the catalyst weight increases linearly to 0.5g of nickel, while at the initial stage of the reaction the yield of hexane-2 reaches 62%. With a further increase in the catalyst weight (up to 1 g of Ni), the yield of hexane-2 decreases. The results of chromatographic analysis indicate a high activity of modified skeletal nickel catalysts in the reaction of migration of -C = C- bonds during hydrogenation of hexene-1. Modification of Fe, Pd, Sn and Ag increases the migration coefficient (Kmigr) from 0.66 to 0.70-0.77, while additions of Ti, Mo, Ti-Mo and Zr practically do not change it. The activity of the catalyst increases with the introduction of the metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Ti-Mo, Mo, Bi, Ag, and Mo-Cu (W=120-290 cm3/min·g Ni) into the initial alloy, while the addition of Fe, Pd and Mn (W=56-80 cm3/min·g Ni), while the influence of the components Ti, Zr and Sn is insignificant (W=115-117 cm3/min·g Ni).
PRODUCTION OF CARBON NANOFIBERS BASED ON COAL TAR AND POLYACRYONITRILE BY ELECTROSPINNING METHOD
Authors: Yermagambet B.T. , Kazankapova M.K. , Nauryzbayeva A.T. , Kassenova Zh.M.
Published: April 2021

The article presents experiments on obtaining composite fibers based on Shubarkol coal tar (CT) and polycarlonitrile (PAN) by electrospinning in a laboratory setup. As a result of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and SEM microscopy, the elemental composition (C-85.83%) and the diameter of the carbon fiber were determined, which ranged from 89.0 nm to 449.8 nm. The resulting CNF was subjected to oxidation in air at 300 °C, the holding time was 1 hour, after which the carbonization process was carried out at 800 °C, followed by cooling to room temperature. Raman spectra were recorded to study the degree of graphitization. The results of Raman scattering of light (RS) showed the degree of graphitization - 15.98%. Ratio I (D) / I (G) = 0.99, I (G) / I (D) = 1. The broad bands D (disordered part) and G (ordered graphite structure) suggest that CNFs contain partially graphitized carbon along with amorphous carbon. The ID / IG ratio represents the conversion of disordered carbon to graphite carbon during carbonization. The resistance of this material is 70-200 ohms. The results obtained confirm the semiconductor nature of the conductivity. On the basis of SEM drawings of CNFs from CT and PAN, it was found that the structure of CNFs after oxidation and carbonization retains the original fibrous structure. It was also found that the diameter of nanofibers decreases from 320.5 - 625.7 nm to 89-449.8 nm. Thus, the proposed method of obtaining CNF is built on the basis of the electrospinning method, which is the most promising method of industrial production.
ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF LOCAL AND FOREIGN RAW MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TRIMANGANESE TETRAOXIDE PIGMENT
Authors: Safarov R. Z. , Zhandildenova A. , Kargin D. B. , Makhmutov B. B. , Kamatov R. M. , Shomanova Zh. K.
Published: April 2021

In the course of continuation of scientific research in the development of Kazakhstani technology for the production of trimanganese tetraoxide pigment, there have been proposed new methods of analysis which make it possible to investigate new nanostructural materials sourced from local deposits. The results obtained are of practical importance and serve as the foundation for developing new technologically advanced domestic production of a competitive product that is in demand both on the national and international markets. The available methods are not able to highlight the particularity and diversity of Kazakhstani manganese ores due to the uneven distribution of manganese minerals and host (waste) rock, the quantitative ratio of rock-forming components and their variation instability. Methods of energy-dispersive analysis of manganese ores from Kazakhstani Zhaksylyk and Bogach deposits have been put forward, electronic micrographs, spectrograms of samples, diagrams of normalized distribution of elements on the surface of samples have been obtained and a comparative analysis with raw analogue samples of some foreign manufacturers has been performed.
INVESTIGATION OF THE SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVATED CARBONS
Authors: Ilyassov A.E. , Baikonurova A.О. , Surimbayev B.N.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of a comparison of the sorption characteristics for gold of crushed activated carbon of the foreign Haycarb brand, obtained from expensive raw materials - coconut shells, and crushed activated carbon of the domestic Shubarkol brand, obtained from relatively cheap raw materials - low-ash coking coal. The activated carbon Shubarkol crushed to a class of -3.6+1.0 mm, was produced in Kazakhstan from coking coal by Shubarkolkomir JSC. To test the crushed coal Shubarkol, industrial crushed coal Haycarb, made from coconut shells, was used as a reference sample. This coal is widely used in gold mining enterprises for the sorption of dissolved gold from cyanide solutions and pulps. For research, a productive solution of the process of heap leaching of gold from oxidized ore of one of the deposits of Kazakhstan was used with the composition, mg/L: gold 0.82; silver 0.44; copper 8.34; pH 11.05. Determination of the sorption characteristics of coals was carried out by the method of saturation with gold when changing solutions. The results of changes in the gold content in the mother solution, its extraction and saturation of coals with precious metal after each sorption cycle from the productive heap leaching solution using crushed coals of the Shubarkol and Haycarb brands are presented. It follows from the obtained data that Shubarkol activated carbon has similar sorption characteristics compared to Haycarb activated carbon. The working capacity for gold of Shubarkol coal was 2.28 kg/ton of sorbent, and of Haycarb coal - 2.57 kg/ton. Thus, crushed coal Shubarkol, obtained from relatively cheap raw materials, can be successfully used at industrial facilities instead of foreign sorbent.
IMPROVING SENSORY AND QUALITY PROPERTIES OF YOGURTS FROM GOAT’S MILK
Authors: Shunekeyeva А. А. , Alimardanova M. K. , Majorov A. A. , Yeszhanov G. S. , Koltyugina O. V.
Published: April 2021

Fermented milks, which are highly-consumed foods in the world and more nutritious compared to milk, have high contents of proteins, minerals and vitamins. In general, the overall properties of yogurt, such as acidity level, the production of aroma compounds as well as the sensory profile (appearance, color and texture), are important traits which have a decisive role in consumer acceptance of products. Goat milk yogurts were manufactured with the supplementation of 5% cherries, 5% blackthorn fruits, and 5% mixture of two. Yogurts were characterized based on compositional, microbiological and safety properties of the added fruit pulp and sensory analyses during storage (15 d at 5°C). Compared with control samples yogurt made by using fruits and berries had higher protein content and sensory properties, but also higher acidity values. Goat milk yogurts without additions, in particular, had better physical characteristics. Using supplements caused the changing structure of yogurt, leading to higher syneresis values. Yogurt with mixed of two fillers was the best accepted among the yogurts. For the parameters used, a mix of cherries and blackthorn has promising features as suitable ingredients for goat milk yogurt manufacture. The overall acceptability decreases when adding the non-roasted amaranth flour in a product. The main weakness of this study was the paucity of size of our panel (10 people). With a small sample size, caution must be applied, as the findings might not be transferable to show objective data.
INVESTIGATION OF THE FERMENTATION PROCESS OF BEER WORT BASED ON ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Baigazieva Zh. , Baigazieva G. I. , Kekilbaeva A. K.
Published: April 2021

At present, brewing is one of the most dynamically developing branches of the processing industry. To increase the economic efficiency of production and give beer a varied taste in production, it is proposed to use non-traditional plant raw materials. The replacement of expensive brewing malt with unmalted carbohydrate-containing materials is one of the most important and urgent tasks of the brewing industry. This article examines the fermentation process of beer wort with the addition of apple juice and honey base. The lack of nitrogen-containing and phosphorus-containing compounds in honey and fruit wort, consumed by yeast, leads to a slowdown in the fermentation process, a decrease in the rate of reproduction of yeast, and their fermentation activity. In brewing, the fermentation process is the main one, as a result of which the organoleptic characteristics of the finished beer are formed, therefore, great importance is attached to the optimal composition of the medium for fermentation with brewing yeast. To optimize the composition of the wort, it is proposed to use natural sources of assimilable nitrogen and phosphorus, in particular, milk whey up to 20% by volume. In samples of fermented bases with the addition of milk whey, the concentration of alcohol is higher, and the deeper fermentation of the extract is deeper. The dynamics of the fermentation of apple and honey wort with different amounts of milk whey has been investigated, as a result of which it has been established that the introduction of 20% milk whey into the apple wort makes it possible to obtain a drink with the best organoleptic characteristics, as well as to reduce the duration of fermentation to 5 days. When fermenting honey-based wort, you can limit the addition of whey to 20%, which will reduce the fermentation time by 2 days compared to the control sample.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODE OF MASHING KVASS BASED ON BUCKWHEAT RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Makenova A.A. , Kekibaeva A.K.
Published: April 2021

The preparation of soft drinks is an actively developing branch of the food industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To meet the interests of all producers, the enterprises annually produce a large number of non-alcoholic products. To maintain a healthy competition of the enterprise for preparation of soft drinks, create and apply the technology not previously known and expand the assortment of products annually. One of the most popular segments of this market is kvass. This is mainly due to the fact that all over the world there is an increasing demand for products made from natural raw materials, prepared without the addition of any synthetic additives and ingredients. In recent years, there has been an active increase in the consumption of kvass and its replacement with a large share of the market of carbonated soft drinks. The domestic kvass market is very rich and diverse, but there is a problem with the lack of functional drinks for certain groups of citizens. Creating a wide range of functional food products, including beverages, is becoming feasible. At the same time, in the production of kvass, it is important to use non-traditional raw materials, including buckwheat, the introduction of which in the kvass technology allows you to significantly expand the product range. A distinctive feature of buckwheat, which determines the prospects for use in the production of kvass, is its chemical composition. It is rich in vitamins and is considered an important source of antioxidants due to its high concentration of flavonoids. Buckwheat contains rutin, quercetin, folic acid, quercitrin, hyperoside. Thus, the replacement of barley malt with buckwheat contributes to an increase in the proportion of natural flavonoids in the drink, and therefore in the human diet. In this article, studies have been conducted to study the effect of the dose of buckwheat, buckwheat flakes, buckwheat malt and methods of their pretreatment on the effectiveness of the mashing process, when using it as an unsalted material. Buckwheat grains, buckwheat flakes and buckwheat malt were used in the work. Studies of mashing modes and indicators that determine their effectiveness have shown that the use of buckwheat malt in the backfill is more optimal than buckwheat grain. Studies have shown that the most economical and promising when using extruded buckwheat flakes as an unsalted material is the use of a single-boil mashing mode. However, the use of such raw materials is possible in concentrations not exceeding 30% of the backfill. If you need to increase the proportion of buckwheat in the backfill, you should use buckwheat malt. In this case, it is necessary to apply a mashing mode with intermittent heating, which is likely to compensate for the cost of producing malt from buckwheat grain.
AMINO ACID AND VITAMIN COMPOSITION OF CRATAEGUS ORIENTALIS PALL
Authors: Ikhsanov Y. S. , Kusainova K. M. , Tasmagambetova G. Y. , Andasova N. T. , Litvinenko Y. A.
Published: April 2021

The genus hawthorn (Crataegus) belongs to the apple subfamily (Maloideae Focke) of the Rosaceae Juss family. The hawthorn genus includes about 1500 species distributed in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere, mainly in North America. Over 80 wild and 90 introduced species grow on the territory of the CIS. Kazakhstan belongs to the forest-deficient regions; the forest cover of the territory is 3.87%. The hawthorn, which grows in flat areas, at the foot of the mountains, in the mountains, in the steppe and forest-steppe, is quite common here, is part of the undergrowth of deciduous forests, forms thickets with other shrubs. 7 wild-growing species are found in Kazakhstan: Crataegus almatensis A. Pojark., Crataegus pontica A. Koch, Crataegus turkestanica A. Pojark., Crataegus sanguinea Pall., Crataegus altaica Lge., Crataegus transkaspica A. Kocharus., Crataegus transkaspica A. Kocharus., The range of arboretums in Kazakhstan includes up to 40 - 50 species of hawthorn. In various elements of landscaping, hawthorns of various origins found; in particular, at least 20 species grow in urban plantings of Almaty. The hawthorn is widespread in the Northern Tien Shan Mountains: Zailiyskiy, Dzhungarskiy and Kungey Alatau. Plants of the genus Crataegus are rich in vitamins A, C, E, K and group B, and also contain sugars, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols, glycosides, tannins, organic acids, amygdalin, essential oils. Thus, hawthorn is a promising raw material for the creation of domestic medicines. This article examines the study of the quantitative composition of amino acids and vitamins in the fruits of the species of the genus Crataegus widespread in Kazakhstan in a supercritical extract isolated and the fruits of the Crataegus orientalis Pall plant, in order to establish the possibility of using and with subsequent cultivation of the selected species.
VIBRATIONS AND STABILITY OF A GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR WEIGHTY DRILL STRING FOR DRILLING OIL AND GAS WELLS
Authors: Akhmetov S. М. , Diarov M. , Akhmetov N. М. , Bizhanov D. T. , Zaidemova Zh. K.
Published: April 2021

Heavy weight drill pipe (HWDP) in wells are hollow, weighty rods with stepwise changing physical properties (for example, stiffness), and each link of the string can deform according to geometrically nonlinear laws. They are the most critical part in the drilling process, transmitting power from the drilling rig to the rock failing tool, and are in hydrodynamic and contact interaction with the borehole walls, and are always curved. This occurs due to the curvature of the well itself, and under the action of its own weight, contact forces, as well as centrifugal forces in the case of rotation of the pipe. In this case, the curvature of the HWDP axis can be significantly influenced by the geometric nonlinearity of the deformation of its pipes. A review of this issue revealed a number of poorly studied problems, which include accounting for both phy- sically and geometrically nonlinear problems, accompanied by various types of complications (loss of stability HDWP, pipe breaks, etc.), as well as other processes in the elements of a dynamic drilling system (DDS). In this paper, based on the use of modern methods for studying dynamic processes in mechanical systems, a method is proposed for studying longitudinal oscillations of a geometrically nonlinear HWDP of its stability under torsion, taking into account the physical nonlinearity in the process of its deformation. The dependences characte- rizing this process are found.
APPLICATION OF LINEAR ASYNCHRONOUS MOTORS FOR HIGH-SPEED GROUND TRANSPORT
Authors: Akhatov S. T. , Solonenko V. G. , Makhmetova N. M. , Kosenko S. A. , Ivanovtseva N. V. , Malik A. A.
Published: April 2021

Magnetic suspension in high-speed ground transport systems is an alternative to the rail wheel. The successful solution to the development of high-speed ground transport is largely determined by the creation of operationally efficient linear motors, the main task of which is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and create tractive force to ensure the movement of the crew according to a given program in the range of operating speeds. The article investigates linear asynchronous motors with longitudinal closure of magnetic flux of single-ended design. As a result of investigation of physical processes in linear motors caused by edge problems it was found that the cause of the transverse edge effect is the finite width dimensions of the reactive bus, the change of which causes closure of eddy currents within the active area of inductor, leads to weakening of magnetic field in the central zone and to reduction of tractive force. The discrepancy between the calculated and experimental indicators of physical processes in linear asynchro- nous motors due to significant idealization of mathematical models led to the development of a three-dimensional theory, brought to the calculation programs. The developed calculation program of electromechanical characteristics of linear induction motors with inductor and reactive bus layout, as well as their geometrical and physical parameters allows to determine the necessary integral motor characteristics in the form of a levitation function.
DISPOSAL OF LEAD PRODUCTION WASTES BY EXTRACTION OF LEAD AND ZINC OXIDES
Authors: Bagova Zarina , Zhantassov Kurmanbek , Turebekova Gaukhar , Sapargaliyeva Bayan , Shapalov Shermakhan
Published: April 2021

Information is given about the need to dispose of waste from the Shymkent lead plant in the form of slags, which have accumulated about 2 million tons. It is proved that lead production slags contain a large number of toxic compounds, such as lead, zinc, osmium, and cadmium, which are dangerous sources of environmental pollution. According to the results of X-ray diffractometric analysis and DTA, it was found that the slag of lead produc- tion contains a fairly high number of non-ferrous metal compounds: the content of lead oxide up to 2 %, zinc oxide up to 17% and copper oxide up to 1.25% of the total weight of the sample. The qualitative composition and content of non-ferrous metals of lead slags makes it possible to make the process of recycling toxic waste from lead production technically and economically feasible. The results of preliminary tests allow us to select a technology for more complete and selective extraction of lead and zinc oxides from the slag waste of lead production. When using a selective method for extracting non- ferrous metals, it is expected to improve the ecological state of the environment and reduce the negative impact on human health due to the disposal of toxic slags from lead production. At the same time, a significant contribution is made to the development of the system of rational use of natural and secondary resources.
MODELING OF THE COMBUSTION PROCESS IN A DIESEL ENGINE
Authors: Dostiyarov A. M. , Umishev D. R. , Saduakasova G. B. , Mergalimova A. K. , Ongar B.
Published: April 2021

The issues of combustion processes and the organization of the combustion workflow in diesel engines are relevant in view of the tightening of economic and environmental requirements for them. The problem of saving liquid fuels remains one of the most acute in the provision of fuel and energy resources. The development of highly efficient methods for organizing work processes when burning natural gas in a compressed or cryogenic state in the cylinders of internal combustion piston engines and determining ways to further reduce toxic emissions, increase fuel efficiency and reliability in promising gas engines is an urgent task. Mathematical modeling of liquid fuel combustion is a complex task, since it requires taking into account a large number of complex interrelated processes and phenomena. The article presents a simple 3-D model of cylinder diesel tractor engine D 144, the re- sults of numerical simulation of combustion of liquid and gaseous fuel in the cylinder of the diesel engine D-144. The article presents the results of modeling, including graphs of the dependence of nitrogen oxides, particles in outgoing gases, depending on the consumption of gaseous fuel in the form of pure methane. Additionally, tempe- rature and velocity contours are shown. The corresponding conclusions are made.
APPLIED MODEL OF METHODS FOR RECLAMATION OF SALT LAND
Authors: Mustafayev Zh. S. , Kireicheva L. V. , Zhusupova L. K.
Published: April 2021

Based on the available achievements in the field of methodology, natural sciences and research in the field of environmental management, a method is proposed for constructing an applied model for the development of saline lands as "activity-natural objects" of the «Soils", including cognitive activities, transforming activities, transformations natural materials and materials formed as a result of anthropogenic activities, within the framework of which an applied model of methods for the reclamation of saline lands has been developed. On the basis of an applied model transforming the activity of saline lands, a method for developing saline lands has been developed, including the preparation of temporary irrigation and drainage networks and checks, deep ameliorative loosening of the soil across the drains with alternating loosened strips with the same width with the subsequent supply of flushing water to the checks. The method differs in that the development of saline lands is carried out in two symmetrical and parallel-sequential actions in time in annual intervals, with desalinization of saline soils to a certain permissible level with the supply of a leaching rate, taking into account the environmental requirements of environmental management and classification of saline soils and salt tolerance of agricultural crops from very highly saline to highly saline, from highly saline to medium saline, from medium saline to slightly saline and from slightly saline to non-saline, with subsequent cultivation of the corresponding salt tolerant crops: very resistant – resistant – medium resistant – medium sensitive – sensitive.
CLUSTER ANALYSIS FOR DATABASES TYPOLOGIZATION CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Nikitina M. A. , Chernukha I. M. , Uzakov Ya. M. , Nurmukhanbetova D. E.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with basic concepts of cluster analysis and data clustering. The authors give brief information on the history of cluster analysis and its first applications. The article gives the classification of methods by the way of data processing and analysis in cluster analysis. The detailed description of the popular, non- hierarchical K-means algorithm is given. When developing databases, their structure should provide for the division of products into clusters based on various characteristics. It is necessary to consider the division into clusters based on other characteristics, such as allergenicity (whether the product contains an allergic component or not) or carbohydrate content (important for diabetics). The content of protein, potassium and phosphates should be taken into account when developing diets for those suffering from kidney diseases. The presence of specific amino acids - for metabolic diseases, etc. In this way, food composition data and product clustering across different categories allow nutritionists to create interchangeable lists of meals with portion sizes, or lists of permitted and prohibited food products in terms of various diseases. The authors give the clustering of the database fragment of chemical composition of food products on the example of cottage cheese products and confectionary by one of the signs – the content of carbohydrates – in the R software environment by k-means. Food clusters based on carbohydrate content are very important in shaping the diet for diabetics. A visual gradation of products into clusters is demonstrated in the form of a dendrogram showing the degree of proximity of individual clusters. The resulting dendrogram contains 5 clusters. Cluster 4 includes the largest number of products (170 items) with an average carbohydrate content of 1.8 g with a variation range from 0 to 7.1 g. Food products and dishes that fall into this cluster are the least dangerous for people with diabetes. Cluster 5 includes only 8 products with a distribution of carbohydrates within the cluster from 62.60 to 80.40 g. This category of food should be excluded when preparing a diet for people with diabetes.
METHODOLOGY FOR CONDUCTING VIRTUAL TESTS BY CREATING A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL
Authors: Rabat Ongdabek , Absametov Damir , Bainatov Zhumabai , Uteshbayeva Aigul , Salmanova Alina , Tavshavadze B. T.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we formulated the concept of the process of hitting a car on a fence as a movement along a curved trajectory with a certain radius of curvature. Special attention was paid to the contact of parts of different stiffness (when modeling the fence, these are ground-stand contacts), since the stiffness of the spring added to the contacting surfaces directly depends on the stiffness of the bodies being contacted. When soft bodies contact, its rigidity may be small, which can lead to instability of the solution. Also, the critical deflection of the fence (the transverse deflection of the fence, equal to twice the value of the console departure), after which the beam is inevitably lowered along with the deviated posts and the vehicles move over the fence.