Nanostructured bioactive sol-gel glass 60S: synthesis, modified forms, composites with vancomycin, bioactivity in vitro
Authors:   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kusyak A.P. , Poniatovskyi V.A. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Oranska O.I. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Behunova D.M. ,   Institute of Geotechnics Slovak Academy of Sciences, Melnyk I.V. ,   Institute of Geotechnics Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubok V.A. ,   Frantsevich Institute of Problems of Materials Science of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Chornyi V.S. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Burianov O.A. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Petranovska А.L. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Turanska S.P. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Gorbyk P.P. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: November 2024

The aim of the work is the synthesis of samples of nanostructured sol-gel glass 60S and samples of its modified forms – doped with La and Y; comprehensive study of their crystal structure, chemical composition, in vitro bioactivity as the ability to form hydroxyapatite on the surface during interaction with a model physiological environment, as well as the functional activity of BG 60S/vancomycin composites. Using the sol-gel method, nanostructured samples of bioactive glass (BG) 60S were synthesized composed of (mol. %): 60% SiO2, 36% CaO, 4% P2O5, as well as samples of BG 60S doped with La and Y ions. The bioactivity of the synthesized materials was evaluated in vitro. The dynamics of hydroxyapatite (HA) formation on the surface of BG, which promotes the formation of effective bonds with bones and soft tissues during immersion in a simulated body fluid (Kokubo’s SBF), was evaluated using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX techniques. Changes in specific surface area, particle size, and zeta potential values were also investigated for BG samples immersed in SBF. Determination of the antibacterial activity of BG 60S/vancomycin composites was performed on test cultures of gram-positive microorganisms – Staphylococcus aureus, which is one of the most frequent etiological factors of infectious complications in injuries. The effectiveness of the release of the antibiotic was confirmed by determining the inhibition zone of the test culture by the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. It is shown that BG 60S/vancomycin composites are characterized by the preservation of antibacterial properties of vancomycin and its prolonged release, as well as the osteoconductive properties of BG 60S, which are inherent in bioactive sol-gel glass. Based on the obtained data, it is possible to assume a positive effect of joint use of BG 60S and vancomycin as part of composites with an effective combination of antibacterial action and bone tissue restoration functions, which may be promising for practical use in surgical treatment of bone diseases, as well as prevention of postoperative infectious complications.