bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trends and Outcomes Associated with Major Bleeding in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Decade-Long Perspective from the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Surveys 2000-2010
Authors: Sabbag Avi , Guetta Victor , Fefer Paul , Matetzky Shlomi , Gottlieb Shmuel , Meisel Simcha , Iakobishvili Zaza , Blatt Alex , Goldenberg Ilan , Segev Amit
Published: August 2015

Objectives: The implementation of an early invasive approach and the increased use of potent anti-thrombotic drugs have resulted in higher rates of major bleeding events (MBE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). There are limited data on the temporal trends for the rates of MBE over the last decade and associated outcomes. Methods: Rates, characteristics, risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with MBE were assessed among 11,538 patients enrolled in the biennial Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Surveys (ACSIS) 2000-2010. Results: A total of 143 patients (1.2%) experienced MBE during the index hospitalization for ACS. There was a significant increase in the risk of MBE in the late (2006-2010) versus the early (2000-2004) surveys (0.9 and 1.6% respectively, adjusted OR 1.86, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with a significant increase in the risk of MBE included undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (OR 2.21, p < 0.005), experiencing renal failure (OR 4.19, p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure level at admission (OR 1.12, per 10- mm Hg decrement, p = 0.011). Patients who experienced MBE had a >3.5-fold increased risk for 1-year mortality (adjusted HR = 3.52, p < 0.001). Interestingly, the mortality risk associated with MBE was evident only among those who experienced non-access-site bleeding (HR = 1.9; p = 0.001). Conclusions: In the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the rate of MBE. However, we found that only major bleeding that was not related to the vascular access site affected subsequent mortality.
Low-Dose Atypical Antipsychotic Risperidone Improves the 5-Year Outcome in Alzheimer's Disease Patients with Sleep Disturbances
Authors: Yin You , Liu Yan , Zhuang Jianhua , Pan Xiao , Li Peng , Yang Yuechang , Li Yan-Peng , Zhao Zheng-Qing , Huang Liu-Qing , Zhao Zhong-Xin
Published: August 2015

Sleep disturbances (SD) accelerate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and increase the stress of caregivers. However, the long-term outcome of disturbed nocturnal sleep/wake patterns in AD and on increased stress of spousal caregivers is unclear. This study assessed the 5-year effect of nocturnal SD on the long-term outcome in AD patients. A total of 156 donepezil-treated mild-moderate AD patients (93 AD + SD and 63 AD - SD as a control group) were recruited. The AD + SD patients were formed into 4 subgroups according to the preferences of spousal caregivers for treatment with atypical antipsychotics (0.5-1 mg risperidone, n = 22), non-benzodiazepine hypnotic (5-10 mg zolpidem tartrate, n = 33), melatonin (2.55 mg, n = 9), or no-drug treatment (n = 29). SD were evaluated by polysomnography, sleep scale, and cognitive scale examinations. Moreover, all spousal caregivers of AD patients were assessed using a series of scales, including sleep, anxiety, mood, and treatment attitude scales. Our data showed that nocturnal sleep/wake disturbances were significantly associated with lower 5-year outcomes for AD patients, earlier nursing home placement, and more negative emotions of spousal caregivers. Treatment with low-dose atypical antipsychotic risperidone improved the 5-year outcome in AD + SD patients. In conclusion, low-dose atypical antipsychotic risperidone improves the 5-year outcome in AD patients with SD. Moreover, improvement of nocturnal sleep problems in AD patients will also bring better emotional stability for AD caregivers.
Perception, Illusions and Bayesian Inference
Authors: Nour Matthew M. , Nour Joseph M.
Published: August 2015

Descriptive psychopathology makes a distinction between veridical perception and illusory perception. In both cases a perception is tied to a sensory stimulus, but in illusions the perception is of a false object. This article re-examines this distinction in light of new work in theoretical and computational neurobiology, which views all perception as a form of Bayesian statistical inference that combines sensory signals with prior expectations. Bayesian perceptual inference can solve the ‘inverse optics' problem of veridical perception and provides a biologically plausible account of a number of illusory phenomena, suggesting that veridical and illusory perceptions are generated by precisely the same inferential mechanisms.
Current Topics of Strategy of NSAID-Induced Small Intestinal Lesions
Authors: Edogawa Shoko , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Kojima Yuichi , Ota Kazuhiro , Harada Satoshi , Kuramoto Takanori , Narabayashi Ken , Inoue Takuya , Higuchi Kazuhide
Published: August 2015

Small intestinal mucosal injuries have been recently recognized as common complications associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) because video capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy are now available for the detection of small intestinal lesions. Small intestinal injury occurs not in an acid-dependent mechanism but by various factors such as enteric bacteria, bile acids, prostaglandin (PG) deficiency and topical factors (abnormal intestinal mucosal permeability, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress and so on), and there is no well-established prophylactic approach. Several experimental and clinical studies found the effectiveness of some of the mucoprotective drugs, PG analogs, but not that of acid suppressants. Considering the effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for upper gastrointestinal (GI) disease and in the small intestine, the following 2 kinds of strategies against NSAID-induced GI injuries may be recommended. In patients with a high risk of upper GI disease (peptic ulcer etc.), simultaneous administration of a PPI (for upper GI disease) and a mucoprotective drug (for small intestine) is needed to prevent NSAID-induced GI injury. In other cases, an effective mucoprotective drug is enough for the protection of the entire digestive tract, that is, starting from the esophagus to the small intestine. These strategies may fulfill both economical and curative effects.
Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Safety and Effectiveness of a Contact Force–Sensing Irrigated Catheter for Ablation of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Reddy Vivek Y. , Dukkipati Srinivas R. , Neuzil Petr , Natale Andrea , Albenque Jean-Paul , Kautzner Josef , Shah Dipen , Michaud Gregory , Wharton Marcus , Harari David , Mahapatra Srijoy , Lambert Hendrik , Mansour Moussa
Published: August 2015

Background—

Contact force (CF) is a major determinant of lesion size and transmurality and has the potential to improve efficacy of atrial fibrillation ablation. This study sought to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a novel irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter that measures real-time CF in the treatment of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results—

A total of 300 patients with symptomatic, drug-refractory, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial and randomized to radiofrequency ablation with either a novel CF-sensing catheter or a non-CF catheter (control). The primary effectiveness end point consisted of acute electrical isolation of all pulmonary veins and freedom from recurrent symptomatic atrial arrhythmia off all antiarrhythmic drugs at 12 months. The primary safety end point included device-related serious adverse events. End points were powered to show noninferiority. All pulmonary veins were isolated in both groups. Effectiveness was achieved in 67.8% and 69.4% of subjects in the CF and control arms, respectively (absolute difference, −1.6%; lower limit of 1-sided 95% confidence interval, −10.7%;
P
=0.0073 for noninferiority). When the CF arm was stratified into optimal CF (≥90% ablations with ≥10 g) and nonoptimal CF groups, effectiveness was achieved in 75.9% versus 58.1%, respectively (
P
=0.018). The primary safety end point occurred in 1.97% and 1.40% of CF patients and control subjects, respectively (absolute difference, 0.57%; upper limit of 1-sided 95% confidence interval, 3.61%;
P
=0.0004 for noninferiority).

Conclusions—

The CF ablation catheter met the primary safety and effectiveness end points. Additionally, optimal CF was associated with improved effectiveness.

Clinical Trial Registration—

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01278953.
Activation of Dopamine D2 Receptor Suppresses Neuroinflammation Through αB-Crystalline by Inhibition of NF-κB Nuclear Translocation in Experimental ICH Mice Model
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Yujie , Wu Jiang , Manaenko Anatol , Yang Peng , Tang Jiping , Fu Weiling , Zhang John H.
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—

Inflammatory injury plays a critical role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)–induced secondary brain injury. Recently, dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) is identified as an important component controlling innate immunity and inflammatory response in central nervous system, and αB-crystallin (CRYAB) is a potent negative regulator on inflammatory pathways. Here, we sought to investigate the role of DRD2 on neuroinflammation after experimental ICH and the potential mechanism mediated by CRYAB.

Methods—

Two hundred and twenty-four (224) male CD-1 mice were subjected to intrastriatal infusion of bacterial collagenase or autologous blood. Two DRD2 agonists quinpirole and ropinirole were administrated by daily intraperitoneal injection starting at 1 hour after ICH. DRD2 and CRYAB in vivo knockdown was performed 48 hours before ICH insult. Behavioral deficits and brain water content, Western blots, immunofluorescence staining, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay, and proteome cytokine array were evaluated.

Results—

Endogenous DRD2 and CRYAB expressions were increased after ICH. DRD2 knockdown aggravated the neurobehavioral deficits and the pronounced cytokine expressions. DRD2 activation by quinpirole and ropinirole ameliorated neurological outcome, brain edema, interleukin-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression, as well as microglia/macrophages activation, in the perihematomal region. These effects were abolished by pretreatment with CRYAB siRNAs. Quinpirole enhanced cytoplasmic binding activity between CRYAB and NF-κB and decreased nuclear NF-κB expression. Similar therapeutic benefits were observed using autologous blood injection model and intranasal delivery of quinpirole.

Conclusions—

DRD2 may have anti-inflammatory effects after ICH. DRD2 agonists inhibited neuroinflammation and attenuated brain injury after ICH, which is probably mediated by CRYAB and enhanced cytoplasmic binding activity with NF-κB.
Copeptin Levels in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Stroke Mimics
Authors: Wendt Matthias , Ebinger Martin , Kunz Alexander , Rozanski Michal , Waldschmidt Carolin , Weber Joachim E. , Winter Benjamin , Koch Peter M. , Nolte Christian H. , Hertel Sabine , Ziera Tim , Audebert Heinrich J.
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—

Copeptin levels are increased in patients diagnosed with stroke and other vascular diseases. Copeptin elevation is associated with adverse outcome, predicts re-events in patients with transient ischemic attack and is used in ruling-out acute myocardial infarction. We evaluated whether copeptin can also be used as a diagnostic marker in the prehospital stroke setting.

Methods—

We prospectively examined patients with suspected stroke on the Stroke Emergency Mobile—an ambulance that is equipped with computed tomography and point-of-care laboratory. A blood sample was taken from patients immediately after arrival. We analyzed copeptin levels in patients with final hospital-based diagnosis of stroke or stroke mimics as well as in vascular or nonvascular patients. In addition, we examined the associations of symptom onset with copeptin levels and the prognostic value of copeptin in patients with stroke.

Results—

Blood samples of 561 patients were analyzed. No significant differences were seen neither between cerebrovascular (n=383) and other neurological (stroke mimic; n=90) patients (
P
=0.15) nor between vascular (n=391) and nonvascular patients (n=170;
P
=0.57). We could not detect a relationship between copeptin levels and time from onset to blood draw. Three-month survival status was available in 159 patients with ischemic stroke. Copeptin levels in nonsurviving patients (n=8: median [interquartile range], 27.4 [20.2–54.7] pmol/L) were significantly higher than in surviving patients (n=151: median [interquartile range], 11.7 [5.2–30.9] pmol/L;
P
=0.024).

Conclusions—

In the prehospital setting, copeptin is neither appropriate to discriminate between stroke and stroke mimic patients nor between vascular and nonvascular patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01382862. The Pre-Hospital Acute Neurological Therapy and Optimization of Medical Care in Stroke Patients study (PHANTOM-S) was registered (NCT01382862). This sub-study was observational and not registered separately, therefore.
An evaluated list of Cenozic-Recent radiolarian species names (Polycystinea), based on those used in the DSDP, ODP and IODP deep-sea drilling programs
Authors: LAZARUS DAVID , SUZUKI NORITOSHI , CAULET JEAN-PIERRE , NIGRINI CATHERINE , GOLL IRINA , GOLL ROBERT , DOLVEN JANE K. , DIVER PATRICK , SANFILIPPO ANNIKA
Published: August 2015

A first reasonably comprehensive evaluated list of radiolarian names in current use is presented, covering Cenozoic fossil to Recent species of the primary fossilising subgroup Polycystinea. It is based on those species names that have appeared in the literature of the Deep Sea Drilling Project and its successor programs, the Ocean Drilling Program and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, plus additional information from the published literature, and several unpublished taxonomic database projects. 1192 names are recognised as valid, and several hundred additional names including synonyms and mispellings are given as well. A brief list of valid names is provided in the main paper, while the full list, with synonyms, author, year of publication, family assignment, geologic age interval and notes is provided as a SOM spreadsheet table.
How Troubling Is Our Inheritance? A Review of Genetics and Race in the Social Sciences
Authors: Cohen Philip N.
Published: August 2015

This article addresses the argument that there is variation between races in the biological basis for social behavior. The article uses Nicholas Wade’s popular book, A Troublesome Inheritance, as the point of departure for a discussion of attendant issues, including the extent to which human races can be definitively demarcated biologically, the extent to which genetics is related to contemporary definitions of race, and the role of natural selection as a possible mechanism for change in modern societies. My critical review of the theory and evidence for an evolutionary view of racial determinism finds that genetics does not explain the relative status and well-being of today’s racially identified groups or their broader societies.
Electrical power systems engineering undergraduate courses in Brazil: Academic and market perspectives
Authors: Ferreira Vitor H , Fortes Marcio Z , Bouças Marcus VCM
Published: August 2015

The economic growth seen in developing countries enhances a demand for multidisciplinary background of professionals in infrastructure and technology-related areas. The wide range of applications and capacity for abstraction acquired by graduates throughout their Electrical Engineering education distinguishes this particular area of expertise as core factor for workforce qualification. In this context, this paper presents the main results of a nationwide survey performed in order to deliver a current overview of Brazilian Electrical Engineering undergraduate degree programs with concentration in power systems. The academic curricula of the most relevant undergraduate programs in electric power systems in Brazil were analyzed aiming to identify the core contents offered in Brazil. Finally, an online survey was conducted with more than 300 individuals, ranging from recent graduates to senior business managers, hoping to verify the consistency between the education offered by the Academia and the current skill set required by the labor market.
To What Degree is the Concept of Extended Joint Criminal Enterprise Coherent? A Discussion with Regard to the International Criminal Tribunal of the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Cowley Christopher
Published: August 2015

Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) is a mode of liability designed to capture the individual’s relationship to a crime committed by a group, including—in its ‘extended form’, also known as JCE III—crimes committed by other individuals in that group that were foreseen as possible, even if not likely. Although the ICTY made no mention of JCE in its statutes, the court introduced JCE and extended JCE in the Tadić case (1999). This article examines the use of the concepts and defends them against complaints by various critics. It concludes by supporting their use in the International Criminal Court.
Self-Efficacy, Self-Evaluation, and Music Performance of Secondary-Level Band Students
Authors: Hewitt Michael P.
Published: August 2015

In the present study, relationships between two components of self-regulation (self-efficacy and self-evaluation) and gender, school level, instrument family, and music performance were examined. Participants were 340 middle and high school band students who participated in one of two summer music camps or who were members of a private middle school band program. Students indicated their level of self-efficacy for playing a musical excerpt before performing it and then self-evaluated their performance immediately afterward. Findings suggest that there is a strong and positive relationship between self-efficacy and both music performance and self-evaluation. There was also a strong negative relationship between self-evaluation calibration bias and music performance, indicating that as music performance ability increased, students were more underconfident in their self-evaluations. Gender differences were found for self-evaluation calibration accuracy, as female students were more accurate than males at evaluating their performances. Middle school males were more inclined than females to overrate their self-efficacy and self-evaluation as compared to their actual music performance scores. These gender differences were reversed for high school students. There were no other statistically significant findings.
Subsidized Housing With Services to Address Concentrated Disadvantage
Authors: Brisson Daniel
Published: August 2015

The issue of poverty is exacerbated by the concentration of low-income families in neighborhoods of concentrated disadvantage. Public administrators in housing and social services are uniquely situated to address poverty and concentrated disadvantage through an explicit housing with services agenda. This article provides a theoretical and empirical review of issues associated with poverty and concentrated disadvantage from the perspective of subsidized housing provision. The review leads to the recommendation that administrators provide housing with services. The article finishes with an agenda for placing standardized assessments that are connected to evidence-based services within the delivery of public housing.
Religious belief in a secular age: Literary modernism and Virginia Woolf'sMrs. Dalloway
Authors: Griesinger Emily
Published: August 2015

This article explores Virginia Woolf's conflicted relationship with Christianity, namely, her avowed atheism and hostility to religious dogma, yet her openness to mystical experience and her use of the language of Christian mysticism in her writing. In particular, Woolf's critique of secularism in her novel Mrs. Dalloway remains open at some level to Christian beliefs and values. Woolf's stream-of-consciousness technique reveals the soul as a “sacred” space or “sanctuary,” and her allusions to Christ in the character of Septimus Smith, and less obviously Clarissa Dalloway, suggest yearning for answers to human suffering in a “godless” world. In the end, however, the modernist effort to “sacralize” human goodness does not resolve deeper theological issues at stake in the novel, which Christianity locates in the doctrine of the fall and God's redemptive work in Christ.
To Bond or to Bridge? Contingent Effects of Managers’ Social Capital on Organizational Performance
Authors: Ryu Sangyub
Published: August 2015

A top manager’s social capital is considered a critical resource for determining organizational outcomes. However, little is known about the impact of social capital on public organizations’ performance. By dimensionalizing social capital into two subdimensions, this study investigates the impact of a superintendent’s bonding and bridging social capital on the performance of school districts. This study’s findings show that bridging social capital has positive impacts on organizational performance, but in a time of financial difficulty it worsens the negative shocks of the difficulty. Bonding social capital is found to be exactly the opposite. This study argues that choosing between bonding and bridging social capital is not an “either-or” question, and top managers are required to balance the two, depending on the situations that their organizations face.
The effectiveness of a multimodal concept of audition training for music students in coping with music performance anxiety
Authors: Spahn Claudia , Walther Julia-Caroline , Nusseck Manfred
Published: August 2015

Music performance anxiety (MPA) occurs regularly before and during a musical stage performance. Coping with MPA optimizes the performance outcome and plays an important role for musicians, especially when auditioning for work in an orchestra. In this study the effectiveness of a seminar to train students to cope with MPA was evaluated. Thirteen music students participated in the intervention program of 14 weekly sessions. Eight students were in the control group. The intervention contained video feedback, exercises in methods of body awareness, and insights into cognitive strategies. All students were required to perform two simulated auditions, at the beginning and at the end of the semester. They filled in self-assessment questionnaires related to MPA at both auditions. Additionally, two judges rated the performances in both auditions. Audio recordings of the performances were also sent to 12 orchestral musicians for appraisal as well. The results revealed significant improvements in coping with MPA, shown in the participants’ self-assessment ratings as well as in the ratings of the judges during the auditions in the trained group compared with the control group. Additionally, the orchestral musicians rated the audio presentations of the intervention group in the second audition significantly better than the control group.
The Community Voice in Policing
Authors: Walker Samuel
Published: August 2015

The demand for a greater community voice in police policy has been a major part of police–community relations in the United States for over 50 years. Civil rights activists have demanded a greater voice as a way to reduce racially discriminatory practices by local police departments. For the most part, those demands have been rejected. Recent developments related to U.S. Department of Justice investigations and settlements with local police departments have introduced a new element in the community voice issue. This article examines developments in Seattle, Washington, and the implementation of a Settlement Agreement between the Justice Department and the Seattle Police Department. Community representatives gained a voice in the development of a new Use of Force policy for the police. The article examines the dynamics of that development and discusses whether it serves as a model for other communities.
Robust geometric accuracy allocation of machine tools to minimize manufacturing costs and quality loss
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Zhao Hongwei , Liu Zhifeng , Zhang Cui , Gu Peihua
Published: August 2015

With increasing demands of machining accuracy, designing of machine tools for satisfactory performance using cost-effective geometric accuracy configurations is becoming a complex problem to the machine tool manufacturers. In this paper, a novel robust accuracy allocation method is proposed for multi-axis machine tools based on multi-objective quality and cost trade-offs. To model the volumetric accuracy of machine tool based on geometric errors, the multi-body system theory was introduced. A manufacturing cost model for the machine tool components with a significant effect on geometric errors was established based on the machining features. The quality loss of the machine tool was also integrated into a single optimization objective. After identifying the relationship between the accuracy grade parameters of the feeding components and the geometric errors, the maximum in the Euclidean norm of all the accuracy parameters was defined as another optimization objective. The robust accuracy allocation was performed using Isight software and the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II built in the MATLAB. The optimization results for a four-axis horizontal machining center showed that the proposed method can realize the optimization of geometric accuracy and can determine the optimal accuracy grade of the feeding components satisfying the machining accuracy requirements.
The epistemological significance of possession entering the DSM
Authors: Stephenson Craig
Published: August 2015

The discourse of the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM reflects the inherently dialogic or contradictory nature of its stated mandate to demonstrate both ‘nosological completeness’ and cultural ‘inclusiveness’. Psychiatry employs the dialogic discourse of the DSM in a one-sided, positivistic manner by identifying what it considers universal mental disease entities stripped of their cultural context. In 1992 the editors of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders proposed to introduce possession into their revisions. A survey of the discussions about introducing ‘possession’ as a dissociative disorder to be listed in the DSM-IV indicates a missed epistemological break. Subsequently the editors of the DSM-5 politically ‘recuperated’ possession into its official discourse, without acknowledging the anarchic challenges that possession presents to psychiatry as a cultural practice.
Commonly Prescribed Medications Among Patients in Hospice Care for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Afrane Mary , Sera Leah , Holmes Holly M. , McPherson Mary L.
Published: August 2015

Purpose:

End-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents health care providers with challenges of providing optimal palliative care for patients who follow a less predictable trajectory. The objectives of this study were to evaluate medications being prescribed to patients with end-stage COPD, compared to recommendations made by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines, and to determine which medications were provided by the hospice organization.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed our database for medications pertaining to COPD management as stated in the GOLD criteria or those used for symptoms associated with end of life.

Results:

A total of 745 patients met inclusion criteria, and approximately 63% were prescribed opioids. Prescribing rates for oxygen, short-acting β2-agonists, and short-acting anticholinergics were 37%, 33%, and 31%, respectively. Systemic and inhaled corticosteroids were prescribed at higher rates of 20% and 18% compared to long-acting bronchodilators.

Discussion:

Medications used for COPD exacerbation management were prescribed at higher rate than those used for maintenance treatment.
Understanding the Interplay Between Neighborhood Structural Factors, Social Processes, and Alcohol Outlets on Child Physical Abuse
Authors: Freisthler Bridget , Maguire-Jack Kathryn
Published: August 2015

This article seeks to understand the relative influence of neighborhood structural characteristics (e.g., disadvantage) and social processes (e.g., interactions between residents) on child physical abuse. Using multilevel modeling in a sample of 3,023 parents in 194 zip codes, structural characteristics of factor scores representing residential stability and foreign-born Latino males were negatively related to child physical abuse. High proportions of naturalized and Asian/Pacific Islander families were positively related to the frequency of physical abuse. Higher levels of neighborhood social disorder were related to more frequent physical abuse, while higher levels of collective efficacy were related to less frequent physical abuse. Programs designed to alleviate disorder and increase neighborly interactions may be effective at reducing physical abuse. By understanding the relative importance of the demographic characteristics of neighborhoods and the actions and interactions of residents within the neighborhoods, policy and practice can be tailored more effectively to prevent maltreatment.
Supporting Active Patient and Health Care Collaboration: A Prototype for Future Health Care Information Systems
Authors: Åhlfeldt Rose-Mharie , Persson Anne , Rexhepi Hanife , Wåhlander Kalle
Published: August 2015

This article presents and illustrates the main features of a proposed process-oriented approach for patient information distribution in future health care information systems, by using a prototype of a process support system. The development of the prototype was based on the Visuera method, which includes five defined steps. The results indicate that a visualized prototype is a suitable tool for illustrating both the opportunities and constraints of future ideas and solutions in e-Health. The main challenges for developing and implementing a fully functional process support system concern both technical and organizational/management aspects.
Transforming from the goods to the service-dominant logic
Authors: Skålén Per , Edvardsson Bo
Published: August 2015

This article outlines a framework of the transformation from the goods-dominant (G-D) to the service-dominant (S-D) logic in firms based on a case study of a bank. Drawing from institutional logic and practice theory, the article also contributes by discussing how the transformation from the G-D to the S-D logic takes place by means of the enactment of value creation practices and how such transformations are driven by institutional entrepreneurs and by conflicts between institutional logics. In addition, the article argues that the studied transformation is interwoven with changes in the professional identities of employees. Managerial implications include how managers may draw on the presented framework to transform their firm and its employees.
Health, Anticipated Partner Infidelity, and Jealousy in Men and Women
Authors: Arnocky Steven , Pearson Marlena , Vaillancourt Tracy
Published: August 2015

Health has been identified as an important variable involved in mate choice. Unhealthy organisms are generally less able to provide reproductively important resources to partners and offspring and are more likely to pass on communicable disease. Research on human mate preferences has shown that both men and women prefer healthy mates. Yet to date, little research has examined how health relates to one’s own mating experiences. In the present study, 164 participants (87 women) who were currently in heterosexual romantic relationships completed measures of frequency and severity of health problems, anticipated partner infidelity, and intensity of jealousy felt in their current relationship. Mediation analyses showed that health problems predicted greater anticipated partner infidelity and jealousy scores and that anticipated partner infidelity mediated the links between health and jealousy for both frequency and severity of health problems, controlling for both sex and relationship duration. These findings suggest that unhealthy people perceive themselves to be at a mating disadvantage, experiencing associated differences in perceptions and emotions surrounding their romantic partners’ fidelity.
The Meaning of Organizational Learning
Authors: Popova-Nowak Irina V. , Cseh Maria
Published: August 2015

This conceptual article focuses on organizational learning (OL), which is broadly defined as a learning process within organizations that involves the interaction of individual and collective (group, organizational, and inter-organizational) levels of analysis and leads to achieving organizations’ goals. This article explores a largely uncharted route of looking at OL through the lenses of several research paradigms and developing a meta-paradigm framework of this construct. The meta-paradigm framework accounts for the complexity of OL, as well as connections between its levels of analysis that have not been explained in the literature. The meta-paradigm framework of OL includes the definition of organization, the definition of OL, its ontology and epistemology, as well as its implications for human resource development (HRD) research and practice.
Amateur Gold Farming in China
Authors: Liboriussen Bjarke
Published: August 2015

Informed by a mix of theoretical sources and interviews with middle-class Chinese amateur gold farmers, this article argues that within China, the figure of the Chinese gold farmer might function as focus for reflection on Chineseness and China’s role in an increasingly interconnected world, rather than as a carrier of third-world stereotype as it tends to do in the West. The concept of shanzhai—often associated with sometimes comical, sometimes innovative Chinese copying of foreign consumer goods—is employed as a key analytical tool and helps highlight the themes of “Chinese ingenuity,” independence (from game operators and to some extent also parents), and critique (of games).
Administrators in Action—Managing Public Monies and Processing Emotion in School Activities
Authors: Tenuto Penny L. , Gardiner Mary E. , Yamamoto Julie K.
Published: August 2015

This teaching case describes school administrators in action performing day-to-day leadership tasks, managing public funds in school activities, and interacting with others appropriately. The case focuses on administrative challenges in handling and managing school activity funds. A method for processing emotion is discussed to assist administrators in building capacity in themselves and others. Self-reflection helps leaders to understand themselves and others, improve communication, and avoid misunderstandings, strengthening capacity to lead. Teaching notes, questions for reflection, and an application activity are also included. The case was developed for use within educational leadership pre-service and for professional learning by practicing school administrators.
To Bond or Not to Bond? That is the Question
Authors: Balzer Wayne E.
Published: August 2015

This case, inspired by a real school district scenario, was developed for use in a graduate-level course in school finance. James Spencer had just been selected as the new superintendent of a low-income, 400-student, rural school district in need of many capital improvements. The previous superintendent had refused to hold a bond election because of persistent criticism and negative feelings resulting from the previous bond election 8 years earlier. Mr. Spencer was left to analyze the district’s needs, resources, political climate, state laws, and the latest research to answer this vexing question: to bond or not to bond?
Depression in the elderly
Authors: Vaid Nasreen
Published: August 2015

The UK has an increasing ageing population. As multiple co-morbidity and polypharmacy is common in this age group, there is increasing dependence on primary care, social services and the community as a whole. For the majority of elderly people, advancing age is associated with a reduction in physical capacity, loss of loved ones, loss of status and physical illness. These psychosocial changes can therefore increase mental health problems. Depression is a significant concern, and is often underdiagnosed in the elderly. The overlap of mental, physical and social problems can also make the assessment and management difficult. Many elderly patients and their families may also perceive their change in mood and behaviour to be a ‘normal’ sign of ageing and may not present to the GP initially or at all. This article will discuss the prevalence of this condition and outline a framework for assessing, treating and managing elderly patients with depression in primary care
Histone deacetylase inhibitors in castration-resistant prostate cancer: molecular mechanism of action and recent clinical trials
Authors: Kaushik Dharam , Vashistha Vishal , Isharwal Sudhir , Sediqe Soud A. , Lin Ming-Fong
Published: August 2015

Historically, androgen-deprivation therapy has been the cornerstone for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Unfortunately, nearly majority patients with prostate cancer transition to the refractory state of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Newer therapeutic agents are needed for treating these CRPC patients that are unresponsive to androgen deprivation and/or chemotherapy. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) family of enzymes limits the expression of genomic regions by improving binding between histones and the DNA backbone. Modulating the role of HDAC enzymes can alter the cell’s regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, thereby regulating potential neoplastic proliferation. As a result, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC i) are now being evaluated for CRPC or chemotherapy-resistant prostate cancer due to their effects on the expression of the androgen receptor gene. In this paper, we review the molecular mechanism and functional target molecules of different HDAC i as applicable to CRPC as well as describe recent and current clinical trials involving HDAC i in prostate cancer. To date, four HDAC classes comprising 18 isoenzymes have been identified. Recent clinical trials of vorinostat, romidepsin, and panobinostat have provided cautious optimism towards improved outcomes using these novel therapeutic agents for CPRC patients. Nevertheless, no phase III trial has been conducted to cement one of these drugs as an adjunct to androgen-deprivation therapy. Consequently, further investigation is necessary to delineate the benefits and drawbacks of these medications.
Neuropathic arthropathy of the elbow treated with double-plate arthrodesis and resection site bone graft
Authors: Jen Chi Loong , Tan James Chung Hui
Published: August 2015

Neuropathic arthropathy of the elbow is a rare condition, which is disabling and difficult to treat. Initial treatment is conservative and arthrodesis is rarely indicated. We describe an unusual case of progressive unilateral elbow swelling in a 37-year-old female domestic helper. She was found to have neuropathic arthropathy of her right elbow secondary to underlying cervico-thoracic syringomyelia. She underwent decompression of the syringomyelia before underdoing elbow fusion. Her elbow was initially immobilized in a cast to minimize bony fragmentation and soft tissue swelling. Serial X-rays were performed with a regular change of cast as the swelling subsided. When there was no further radiological evidence of bony fragmentation, elbow fusion at 60° was performed using a two-plate technique at 7 months after the initial presentation. With well-preserved ipsilateral hand function, she was could still perform household chores despite having a fused elbow. Radiological evidence of successful elbow fusion was documented at 23 weeks after surgery. There were no complications. If elbow fusion is considered, we recommend a trial of immobilization in the preferred angle of fusion to assess the patient’s suitability. Factors such as the young age of a patient and good quality bone may also contribute to the success of the fusion
Is the Marx Activity Scale Reliable in Patients Younger Than 18 Years?
Authors: Shirazi Cameron P. , Israel Heidi A. , Kaar Scott G.
Published: August 2015

Background:

There is no baseline activity scale yet validated in pediatric patients. The Marx and Tegner scales have been validated in adult patients only. The Tegner scale involves questions not pertinent to children, such as their work activity. The Marx scale is simple, and all its questions can be related to athletic activities.

Hypothesis:

The Marx scale is reliable for use in a pediatric population.

Study Design:

Cohort study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 2.

Methods:

Patients younger than 18 years were given the Marx activity scale in clinic and again 3 weeks later. The patients were divided into 3 groups, of at least 50 patients each, based on presenting diagnosis: knee injury, lower extremity (non-knee) injury, and upper extremity injury. Test-retest reliability was determined for the overall scores and the individual questions. Differences in scores were also compared based on age (<14 vs ≥14 years).

Results:

A total of 162 patients (mean age, 14.4 years; range, 8-17 years) were included. The Marx scale had a high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) overall as well as for each of its 4 questions. Both older and younger patients had ICCs >0.80, though the older group generally had higher scores. The mean score was 13.55 (out of 16), and 50.6% scored the maximum; only 1.9% scored the minimum. Mean scores for the knee, lower extremity, and upper extremity groups were 13.71 (SD, 3.70), 13.22 (SD, 4.18), and 13.68 (SD, 3.33), respectively ( P > 0.05). There also was no difference in total score based on age ( P = 0.88).

Conclusion:

The Marx activity scale is reliable in patients younger than 18 years with injuries to the knee and lower extremities, though the scale was less reliable in patients younger than 14 years. There is a significant ceiling effect present, which limits its overall usefulness.

Clinical Relevance:

Although there is no other current substitute, the Marx activity scale is not an ideal measurement of younger patients’ baseline activity levels.
A case of spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy in a cat with a history of behavioural problems
Authors: Camps Tomàs , de la Fuente Cristian , Pumarola Martí , Amat Marta , Le Brech Susana , Manteca Xavier
Published: August 2015

A 7-month-old, entire female, domestic shorthair cat was referred to our behavioural service owing to soiling in the house and a play-related problem. The owners’ complaints were that the cat had never used the litter tray, and it did not know how to play. After reviewing the behavioural history, a problem of substrate preferences acquisition was suspected with regard to the elimination problem. During the consultation, the physical examination was unremarkable, but the neurological examination revealed a moderate and hypermetric ataxic gait, and a bilateral lack of menace response. Some degree of visual impairment was suspected. The problem was located in the central nervous system (CNS); specifically, an intracranial and multifocal problem was diagnosed. After a complete work-up (complete ophthalmological examination, complete blood count and a complete biochemistry panel, feline immunodeficiency virus/feline leukaemia virus test, thorax radiographs, abdominal ultrasound, brain magnetic resonance imaging [0.2 T], cerebrospinal fluid analysis and a urinary metabolic screen test), a degenerative CNS problem was suspected. No treatment was prescribed for the neurological problem. Regarding the problem of soiling in the house, reward-based training with a clicker was used, and the cat partially improved in a few weeks. Three months later, the cat was referred to the neurology service in status epilepticus. A symptomatic treatment was prescribed, with a mild response. After 2 years of treatment and a progressive worsening, the cat was euthanased. Necropsy revealed spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy. In order to rule out prion aetiology a PrPsc inmunohistochemistry assay was performed, and the results were negative. Congenital spongiform polioencephalomyelopathy (CSP) was diagnosed. We strongly suggest that the cat’s behavioural clinical signs were caused by the CSP, causing learning impairment. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first case in which a congenital degenerative disease affected a cat’s capability to learn, leading to behavioural signs as the main complaint of the owners, even before neurological signs are detected by the owners.
What Is Racial Residential Integration? A Research Synthesis, 1950–2013
Authors: Sin Ray , Krysan Maria
Published: August 2015

In the past two decades, there has been a sharp increase in the number of studies on racial residential integration. However, there is a fair amount of disagreement in this work about how to conceptualize integration and how to operationalize it in research. We conduct a research synthesis of published research from 1950 to 2013 to uncover (1) how scholars have defined integration, (2) how scholars have measured integration, and (3) which ethnic/racial groups are integrating with whom. We have three key findings. First, the definition of integration moved away from being a multidimensional concept—involving both racial mixing in neighborhoods and cross-racial interactions—to solely referring to the racial composition. Second, the measurement of integration varies tremendously across time. Third, although the combination of ethnic/racial groups has expanded from Whites and Blacks sharing a residential space to include other groups such as Asians and Hispanics, these differences are often not made explicit. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings.
Temperature dependence of surface reorganization characteristics of amphiphilic block copolymer in air and in water studied by scanning force microscopy
Authors: Lee Sanghun , Flores Susana M , Berger Rüdiger , Gutmann Jochen S , Brehmer Martin , Conrad Lars , Funk Lutz , Theato Patrick , Yoon Do Y
Published: August 2015

We have investigated the surface reorganization characteristics of a novel amphiphilic diblock copolymer, poly(acetic acid-2-(2-(4-vinyl-phenoxy)-ethoxy)-ethylester)-block-polystyrene (PAEES-b-PS), in response to varying interfaces from air to water and vice-versa at various temperatures. The surface reorganization characteristics of the block copolymer films was monitored by scanning force microscopy, in order to delineate the kinetically controlled morphological process of surface reorganization of a diblock copolymer, with a particular emphasis on the phase contrast signal which allowed the determination of local composition patterns of PAEES-b-PS at the surface. Upon heating a water-annealed sample in air, the initially hydrophilic liquid-like surface exhibited a typical dewetting pattern comprising holes and elevations of different copolymer components. In contrast, air-annealed samples with glassy polystyrene surfaces exhibited a distinctly different reorganization pattern upon heating in water, possibly due to the swelling of the underlying liquid-like hydrophilic block by penetrated water. In both air and water environments, the major surface reorganization occurred around 70℃, well below the glass transition temperature (100℃) of the higher Tg block, polystyrene, in the copolymer.