bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis histórico, territorial y constructivo de la fortaleza de Peñalcázar (Soria)
Authors: Gil Crespo Ignacio Javier
Published: April 2015

The fortress of Peñalcázar, placed in the Southeast of Soria, was part of the Muslim fortified system of the Marca Media and also was one of the fortified cities in the frontier of Castile and Aragon during the late medieval wars. The character of natural pass, rather than border, explains the historic worry for its control. The article collects all disperse historical data about this fortress to elaborate a discourse. Thus, the importance during all the Middle Ages is understood. This fortress was in use from its probable Muslim foundation since the finish of the Middle Ages. The fortress was an important point in the border in the moment of the first border definition. The study of several piles in the ground in the large plain over the hill that defenses the city and the relationship with the urban net have allowed to notice the hidden plan of the ancient Muslim fortress. The unique conserved rests are part of the city-walls. The comparative and constructive analysis amongst these masonries and other constructive groups reveals that its building was approximately in the 12th and 13th Centuries, but also late repaired. These results change the date commonly accepted.
Circuitos de distribución de cerámica culinaria en el noreste peninsular: una aproximación territorial a partir del estudio analítico de vajilla utilitaria
Authors: Travé Allepuz Esther , López Pérez Mª Dolores , Alvaro Rueda Karen
Published: April 2015

Within a long time in history, water flows have significantly contributed to the landscape organization as a way of exchange and transport of goods, individuals, ideas and productive and technological traditions. This paper analyzes the role of rivers Ter, Llobregat and Segre concerning the territorial layout of Medieval Catalonia from the production and distribution networks of ceramic manufactures. To do so, preliminary results obtained from microscopic observation (MO) and chemical analysis by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of 400 ceramic samples of utilitarian grey wares from consumption centres. This paper enables us to offer a first approach focused on the identification of occupation patterns, landscape exploitation and manufactures distribution in order to provide updated information, until definite results are available, for a better knowledge of pottery production and the societies that used these products in medieval times.
Net Returns from Terrain‐Based Variable‐Rate Nitrogen Management on Dryland Spring Wheat in Northern Montana
Authors: Long Dan S. , Whitmus Jeffrey D. , Engel Richard E. , Brester Gary W.
Published: April 2015

Agricultural producers can use variable‐rate application technology to vary N fertilizer within fields. This study was conducted to estimate changes in net returns from implementation of variable‐rate N management (VNM) on hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a summer‐fallow region in northern Montana. Net return from uniform N management (UNM) traditionally used by producers was compared with that from VNM in eight dryland fields between 1994 and 2004. Field experiments consisted of a replicated series of four to six N rates applied within strips oriented with the length of each field. Management zones (MZs) were created by dividing the fields into upper slopes, south‐facing middle slopes, north‐facing middle slopes, and lower slopes. Nitrogen recommendations for MZs were based on soil N testing and expected yields. Grain yield data were obtained using a production‐size combine equipped with a yield monitor. Mean grain protein and yield were similar between VNM and UNM. Yield differences were <223 kg ha−1 and averaged only 18 kg ha−1. Grain yield did not differ significantly among N rates within MZs. In seven of the eight sites, net returns from VNM were up to US$27.97 ha−1 less than from UNM and were not profitable if Environmental Quality Incentive Program payments of US$6.36 ha−1 were considered as part of net income. Little evidence existed that VNM based on constructed MZs and predetermined N recommendations improves grain yields and profits or reduces N use in water‐limited, summer‐fallow systems of northern Montana.
Comparison of Models for Determining Soil‐Surface Carbon Dioxide Effluxes in Different Agricultural Systems
Authors: Daigh Aaron L. , Sauer Thomas , Xiao Xinhua , Horton Robert
Published: April 2015

Models of instantaneous soil‐surface CO2 efflux (SCEins) are critical for understanding the potential drivers of soil C loss. Several simple SCEins models have been reported in the literature. Our objective was to compare and validate selected soil temperature (Ts)‐ and water content (θv)‐based equations for modeling SCEins among a variety of cropping systems and land management practices. Soil‐surface CO2 effluxes were measured and modeled for grain‐harvested corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations, grain‐ and stover‐harvested continuous corn systems with and without a cover crop, and reconstructed prairies with and without N fertilization on soils with subsurface drainage. Soil‐surface CO2 effluxes, Ts, and θv were measured from 2008 to 2011. Models calibrated with weekly measured SCEins, Ts, and θv throughout the growing season produced lower root mean squared error (RMSE) than models calibrated with several weeks of hourly measured data. Model selection significantly affected SCEins estimations, with models that use only Ts parameters having lower RMSE than models that use both Ts and θv. However, the model that produced the lowest RMSE during validation estimated growing‐season SCE that did not significantly differ from numerical integration of weekly measured SCEins. All models had similar residual errors with autocorrelated trends at monthly, weekly, and hourly scales. Autoregressive moving average functions were able to precisely describe the temporal errors. To accurately model SCEins and scale across time, improvement of temporal errors in Ts– and θv–based SCEins models is needed to obtain accurate and precise closure of C balances for managed and natural ecosystems.
Winter Wheat Photosynthesis and Grain Yield Responses to Spring Freeze
Authors: Li Xiangnan , Pu Hanchun , Liu Fulai , Zhou Qin , Cai Jian , Dai Tingbo , Cao Weixing , Jiang Dong
Published: April 2015

Spring freeze events seriously limit the growth, development, and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A 2‐yr field experiment with two contrasting cultivars: XM21 (low‐temperature resistant) and XZ24 (low‐temperature sensitive), was conducted using an air temperature control device designed to allow investigation of the physiological and grain yield responses to spring freeze. The plants were grown in the field and subjected to a 5‐d spring freeze episode (approximately 8°C lower than the ambient temperature) at jointing stage (Zadoks scale 31). Spring freeze significantly decreased gas exchange rates and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II in wheat leaves of both cultivars. Under spring freeze, the yield loss was 12 to 14% in XZ24 vs. 5 to 6% in XM21. Greater yield loss in XZ24 coincided with a greater reduction of tiller and spike number in XZ24 than in XM21. Spring freeze occurring at jointing stage depressed the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves when measured at the end of the 5‐d period and again at 7 d later, resulting in lowered number of effective tillers, and eventually decreasing the grain yield. The genetic and/or bio‐physiochemical basis for the different sensitivity of tiller development to spring freeze between the two cultivars could be further exploited for breeding new wheat cultivars tolerant to spring freeze stress.
Genotype, sex and interaction effect on lamb growth traits
Authors: Petrovic V.C. , Petrovic M.P. , Ruzic-Muslic D. , Maksimovic N. , Selionova M , Aybazov M.M. , Malyukova M.A.
Published: April 2015

The pure breeds and crossing have an important role in production. It is
essential in sheep meat production to maintain the genetic diversity of the
adapted breeds, pure breeds and their crosses. Objective of the study is to
determine the impact of genotype and sex on growth traits of lambs. Results
of the study showed that male of all genotypes were dominant on body weight
in all ages (from BWB to BW90). The highest birth weight (BWB) got male of
genotype 2 (W). The lowest body weight at birth was the female lambs of
genotype 1 (P). Body weights at ages 30, 60 and 90 days, male and female of
genotype 4 (PxWxF) were dominant among other genotypes. Genotype 1 (P) of
both sexes had the lowest bodyweights in all ages (BWB, BW30, BW60, BW90).
The result showed better growth efficiency from males compared with females.
The results of fixed factors and its impact on body weights of lambs showed
very significant effect of genotype (P<0.01) on body weights of lambs at
birth (BWB), ages 30, 60 and 90 days (BW30, BW60, BW90). The effect of sex
had highly significant effects (P<0.001) on all ages. The interaction between
genotype x sex showed a very significant effect (P?0.01) on body weight at
birth (BWB) but were not significant (P?0.05) on body weights of lambs at
ages BW30, BW60 and BW90. Superiority on growth traits of genotype 4 (PxWxF)
at ages 30, 60 and 90 days, indicating that three-bred crossing resulted in
high growth traits.
Fatty acid composition of milk fat in milk of Tzigay sheep and their F2 cross-breeds with Chios
Authors: Gerchev G. , Naydenova N. , Slavkova S. , Mihaylova G.
Published: April 2015

The study was conducted on aggregate milk samples, which were taken every
month during the milking period from Tzigay sheep and their F2 cross-breeds
of Chios, raised in the conditions of the Central Balkan Mountain. The fat
extraction of milk samples was done by the Rose-Gottlieb method. Fatty acid
composition was determined on a gas chromatograph with flame ionization
detector and capillary column. The aim of the study was to follow the changes
in the composition of fatty acids in the milk fat of milk of Tzigay sheep and
their F2 cross-breeds. The saturated fatty acids in milk of the two groups
had high values during both consecutive years, as they varied from 67.05% in
milk of Tzigay sheep in the second lactation up to 70.87% at their F2
cross-breeds. The content of myristic acid was correspondingly 8.22-8.88% at
Tzigay sheep and 8.45-8.74% at their F2 cross-breeds. The total amount of
polyunsaturated fatty acids in the examined milk for the two types of sheep
was comparatively low with near concentrations (4.39-5.20%) in the period of
the two years. The milk of the two groups had high values of the correlation
SFA/PUSFA (15.71 and 13.17) and low values of PUSFA/SFA (0.06-0.08).
Mon?unsaturated fatty acids, represented mainly by the oleic acid (C18:1)
varied during both periods from 21.92% to 25.32% and appeared as a substratum
in the synthesis of CLA. The short-chain fatty acids (C4:0-C11:0) had higher
values in Tzigay sheep in comparison with F2 cross-breeds of Chios. The
long-chain fatty acids (C17iso-C25:0) maintained close concentration in the
milk of Tzigay breed, while their content in the milk of F2 cross-breeds was
increased.
Variability of blood serum biochemical parameters in Karakachan sheep
Authors: Stevanovic O. , Stojiljkovic M. , Nedic D. , Radoja D. , Nikolic V. , Prodanovic R. , Ivanov S. , Vujanac I.
Published: April 2015

Karakachan sheep represents an endangered, indigenous sheep breed from Balkan
Peninsula. There is relatively little information about the characteristics
of this sheep breed in the veterinary scientific literature. The aim of this
research was an examination of certain metabolic profile parameters of the
Karakachan sheep blood serum, and variability of their concentrations in
comparison to age and some other indigenous sheep breeds from Balkans.
Examination was conducted on 14 clinically healthy sheep divided in two age
groups. Blood samples were collected by puncture of v. jugularis and blood
serum was separated after spontaneous coagulation. The concentrations of
total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, aspartate amino
transferase (AST) and ?- glutamyl transferase (GGT) were determined. In
relation to age of Karakachan sheep, statistically significant difference
between the calculated mean values of examined parameters was not observed. A
statistically significant difference was found between the mean
concentrations of the studied parameters in Karakachan sheep and other breeds
in total protein (Tsigai, Dubrovnik and Dalmatian sheep), albumin
(Dalmatian), calcium and inorganic phosphorus (Tsigai, Dubrovnik) and AST's
(Dalmatian, Karakachan sheep from Bulgaria).
Effects of weight and age on carcass yield and conformation of cattle
Authors: Peciulaitienė N. , Jukna V. , Meskinytė-Kausilienė E. , Kerzienė S. , Moleikaitienė S.
Published: April 2015

The aim of this research was to analyse effects of weight and age of dairy
cattle breeds and their crossbreeds (423 bulls, 492 heifers and 567 cows) on
carcass yield and conformation scores according SEUROP standard data. All
animals were divided into groups according to pre-slaughter weight (50 kg
interval) and according to age (2 months interval). For research, average
ages of the animals were: bulls 19 months, heifers 20 months and cows 38
months. The highest average weight was determined in cows 521.2 kg, followed
by heifers 461.7 kg and the least got bulls 456.2 kg however, on the average
carcass yield bulls got the highest value of 51.3 percent, 50.1 percent of
heifers and the least 47.8 percent of cows. When animals pre-slaughter weight
an average increase of 50 kg, the carcass yield of bulls on average increased
by 11.1 percent, of heifers - 0.72 and cows - 0.94 percent. In all studied
groups of animals were obtained weak correlation links between age of animal
and carcass yield. The strongest correlation links were obtained between the
animal's weight and carcass weight of bulls (r = 0.93, p <0.001), heifers (r
= 0.94, p <0.001) and cows groups (r = 0.91, p <0.01). It was revealed that,
if age of cattle moderately increases for 2 months, then there was a moderate
increase on carcass yield such as 0.21 percent in heifers (p <0.05) and 0.12
percent in cows groups (p <0.05). This relationship was not statistically
significant in the bulls group. Mostly, the O muscularity class of carcasses
were evaluated in all analysed animals groups, both depending from
pre-slaughter weight and age. In the group of bulls evaluated O muscularity
class carcasses were found moderate (76.8 percent), heifers (74.3 percent)
and in group of cows (49.7 percent). However, a trend was observed that with
animal's weight and age improved carcass yield and arise carcass muscularity
class.
Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol contamination in winter wheat
Authors: Krnjaja V. , Tomic Z. , Stankovic S. , Petrovic T. , Bijelic Z. , Mandic V. , Obradovic A.
Published: April 2015

In this paper, the incidence of Fusarium-infected grain of winter wheat and
the content of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was studied in two Serbian
cultivars Simonida and NS40S, both harvested in 2014. The level of Fusarium
contamination of wheat grain was determined using phytopathological
techniques based on the standard methodology while DON was detected by
enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). The incidence of
Fusarium-infected grain ranged from 12 to 19% for Simonida and NS40S,
respectively. Fusarium graminearum, as well-known producer of DON mycotoxin,
was identified among Fusarium species. In addition, Alternaria spp. was
isolated in high percentage, with an average incidence of 53% (Simonida) to
63% (NS40S).The average content of DON ranged from 424 ?g kg-1 to 1101 ?g
kg-1 for Simonida and NS40S cultivars, respectively. Statistically
insignificant negative correlation (r = - 0.18) was determined between
Fusariuminfected grain and DON in the cultivar Simonida and statistically
insignificant positive correlation (r = 0.11) in the cultivar NS40S. The mean
levels of DON in studied wheat samples of both tested cultivars were not
higher than the maximum permitted limit (1250 ?g kg-1) although the level of
Fusarium-infected grain of both cultivars was relatively high. These results
indicate that both wheat cultivars are susceptible to Fusarium infection and
DON mycotoxin production in agro-ecological conditions of Serbia, but the
cultivar NS40S being more susceptible compared to cultivar Simonida. In view
of all stated above, regular health check of grains and developing strategies
for integrated monitoring of incidence of Fusarium head blight are necessary
preventive measures in protection of winter wheat.
The influence of the factor "genetic value of the sire" on the implementation of the genetic potential of the indicator "milk production of maximum lactation" of the Yaroslavl breed cows
Authors: Kosyachenko N.M. , Konovalov A.V. , Nikolaeva E.A. , Malyukova M.A. , Petrovic M.P. , Petrovic M.M. , Pantelic V.
Published: April 2015

Dairy products are the main food elements of the man. Milk is the sole food
for infants and it plays an important role in feeding of the sick,
convalescent, and healthy adults. The Yaroslavl Region is a leading region of
the Yaroslavl cattle breed. Therefore, the aim of our research was to
determine the strength and reliability of the influence of the factor
?genetic value of the sire? on productive characteristics of animals as a
factor that helps to increase the productivity of animals. When we determine
the strength of the influence of factors for statistical data we used the
procedure of generalized linear models (General Linear Models - GLM), and
evaluation components of phenotypic variation attributes were analyzed by
multivariate dispersive analysis. Our research has allowed to allocate bulls
with genetic value which has the improving effect. Using the recommended
lines the farmers of the Yaroslavl region may increase productive
characteristics of animals and the profit of the farms and improve the
efficiency of breeding.
The correlation between pain perception among patients with six different orthodontic archwires and the degree of dental crowding
Authors: Markovic Evgenija , Fercec Janko , Scepan Ivana , Glisic Branislav , Nedeljkovic Nenad , Juloski Jovana , Rudolf Rebeka
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Forces generated in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances
create tension and compression zones in the periodontal ligament resulting in
a painful experience for patients. In the first phase of orthodontic
treatment, when leveling of teeth is needed, nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires
can be completely engaged in brackets, even in the cases of extreme crowding,
exerting small forces. There is a great individual variation in the pain
perception related to the application of orthodontic forces. Objective. The
aim of this study was to investigate the pain perception among patients with
dental crowding after insertion of six different NiTi orthodontic archwires
as a part of fixed appliances in the first stage of orthodontic treatment.
Methods. The study was conducted on a sample of 189 orthodontic patients
receiving one of six different either superelastic or heat activated NiTi
archwires, in the first phase of orthodontic treatment. Pain perception was
evaluated in groups of patients with different degree of crowding. The
modified McGill Pain Questionnaire with Visual Analogue Scale was used to
evaluate the quality and intensity of pain. Statistical analysis was
performed using simple descriptive statistics, and Pearson`s chi-square test
with statistical significance of p<0.05. Results. Majority of patients
reported pain as discomfort or pressure of moderate intensity caused by
chewing or biting, started within 12 hours, carried on for 3-4 days, and
decreased over time without self-medication. Conclusion. No correlation was
found between pain perception among patients with different types of NiTi
archwires and the degree of crowding.
Myocardial bridges: A prospective forensic autopsy study
Authors: Micic-Labudovic Jelena , Atanasijevic Tatjana , Popovic Vesna , Mihailovic Zoran , Nikolic Slobodan , Puzovic Dragana
Published: April 2015

Introduction. When the coronary artery, located subepicardially, submerges
into the myocardium and appears again subepicardially after a short
intramural course, it represents an embedded coronary artery, while the part
of the myocardium above is a myocardial bridge. Objective. We investigated
the frequency of the embedded left coronary artery (LAD) in the autopsy
material considering the descending branch of the LAD to be the most
important one in the nourishment of the myocardium and myocardial bridges to
be the most frequent in its area, as well as clinically important. Methods.
A prospective autopsy study of 975 cases was performed, including both,
natural (21.33%) and violent (78.67%) deaths. The sample consisted of 74.56%
males and 25.44% females. In order to discover myocardyal bridges and their
characteristics, the hearts were examined by both transverse cuts and
longitudinal openings of the LAD. Results. Myocardial bridge was found in 78
cases (8.00%), more commonly in males (9.35%) than females (4.03%). The
average length of the myocardial bridge was 21.85?16.10mm and thickness
3.744?1.48 mm. The common localization of the myocardial bridge was the
proximal half of the LAD (89.74%). The upper part of the artery, proximal to
the bridge, was a common site of atherosclerotic changes. Myocardial bridge
was found in 12.50% of natural deaths, but in 13.38% out of all cases of
sudden cardiac deaths. Conclusion. Therefore, the presence of the myocardial
bridge by itself is not predominant, but it is certainly a contributing
factor to a sudden cardiac death.
Impact of educational intervention on prescribing inappropriate medication to elderly nursing homes residents
Authors: Ilic Darko , Bukumiric Zoran , Jankovic Slobodan
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Problems with polypharmacy, adverse drug reactions and
non-adherence are especially frequent among elderly nursing home residents.
Objective. The aim of our study was to evaluate effectiveness of a specific
form of staff education on appropriateness of prescribing in a cluster of
nursing homes for the elderly. Methods. The study was designed as
before-and-after trial of educational intervention on appropriateness of
prescribing in nursing homes for the elderly. In total 20 nursing homes
located in Belgrade, Serbia were included in the study with 104 elderly
residents and 27 caring physicians. Appropriateness of prescribing was
checked against Beers, START and STOPP criteria, before and 6 months after
the intervention. Results. There were 349 inappropriately prescribed drugs
according to Beers criteria before the intervention and 37 drugs six months
after the intervention. According to STOPP criteria there were 70 drugs
inappropriately prescribed before the intervention, and 20 drugs 6 months
after. When both criteria are taken together, there is a significant
difference between the average number of inappropriate drugs per patient
before (3.4?0.5) and after (0.6?0.7) educational intervention (t=38.902;
p<0.001). Finally, before the intervention 143 appropriate drugs were omitted
according to START criteria, while 6 months after the intervention there were
only 67 omissions. Conclusion. Simple, but well targeted educational
interventions may improve polypharmacy and decrease inappropriate prescribing
rate, contributing to a better care of elderly patients in nursing homes.
Management of brain metastasis in a patient with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma by gamma-knife radiosurgery
Authors: Nikolaou Marinos , Stamenkovic Srdjan , Stergiou Christos , Skarleas Christos , Torrens Michael
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Brain metastases from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are rare
events. We present a rare case of single ovarian cancer metastasis to the
brain treated with gamma-knife radiosurgery (GKRS). Case Outline. A
65-year-old woman with advanced EOC presented with severe neurologic
symptoms. A single brain metastasis of 3.2 cm with surrounding edema in the
left parietal lobe was detected by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scan during the work-up. The decision to perform GKRS was due to a surgical
inaccessibility of intracranial lesion. Twelve weeks after the procedure, the
MRI scan showed reduction in the diameter of brain metastasis and surrounding
edema and the patient returned to good mental and motor performance. The
patient survived for 22 months following treatment and died from a
progressive intra-abdominal disease. Prognosis of ovarian cancer patients
with brain metastases is generally poor regardless of treatment. Conclusion.
Our case shows that GKRS as primary treatment modality for the control of
ovarian cancer metastases to the brain was effective and can be considered as
a treatment of choice if international selection criteria are followed.
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Tancic-Gajic Milina , Vujovic Svetlana , Ivovic Miomira , Marina Ljiljana , Arizanovic Zorana , Rakovic Dragana , Micic Dragan
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) belongs to disorders of
sex development, resulting from complete or partial resistance to the
biological actions of androgens in persons who are genetically males (XY)
with normally developed testes and age-appropriate for males of serum
testosterone concentration. Case Outline. A 21-year-old female patient was
admitted at our Clinic further evaluation and treatment of testicular
feminization syndrome, which was diagnosed at the age of 16 years. The
patient had never menstruated. On physical examination, her external
genitalia and breast development appeared as completely normal feminine
structures but pubic and axillary hair was absent. Cytogenetic analysis
showed a 46 XY karyotype. The values of sex hormones were as in adult males.
The multisliced computed tomography (MSCT) showed structures on both sides of
the pelvic region, suggestive of testes. Bilateral orchiectomy was performed.
Hormone replacement therapy was prescribed after gonadectomy. Vaginal
dilatation was advised to avoid dyspareunia. Conclusion. The diagnosis of
complete androgen insensitivity is based on clinical findigs, hormonal
analysis karyotype, visualization methods and genetic analysis. Bilateral
gonadectomy is generally recommended in early adulthood to avoid the risk of
testicular malignancy. Vaginal length may be short requiring dilatation in an
effort to avoid dyspareunia. Vaginal surgery is rarely indicated for the
creation of a functional vagina.
Compression and hypoxia play independent roles while having combinative effects in the osteoclastogenesis induced by periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Le Li Mei , Yi Jianru , Yang Yan , Zhang Xuan , Zheng Wei , Li Yu , Zhao Zhihe
Published: April 2015

Objective: 

To investigate the isolated and combined effects of compression and hypoxia on the osteoclastogenesis induced by periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs).

Materials and Methods: 

A periodontal ligament tissue model (PDLtm) was established by 3-D culturing human PDLCs on a thin sheet of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold. The PDLtm was treated with hypoxia and/or compression for 6, 24, or 72 hours. After that, a real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for gene expression analysis. The conditioned media were used for the coculture of osteoblast and osteoclast (OC) precursors; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was done to examine OC formation.

Results: 

Either compression or hypoxia alone significantly up-regulated the gene expression of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines in the PDLtm and enhanced osteoclastogenesis in the cocultures, and the combination of the two had significantly stronger effects than either stimulation alone. In addition, comparing the two stimulants, we found that the osteoclastogenic property of the PDLCs peaked earlier (at 6 hours) in the compression group than in the hypoxia group (at 24 hours).

Conclusions: 

Both compressive force and hypoxia may take part in initiating osteoclastogenesis in orthodontic tooth movement and may have combinatory effects, which could update our concepts of the mechanisms involved in the initiation of bone resorption on the pressure side of the tooth in question.
Developmental Outcome of Children with Cerebral Palsy after Feeding and Seating Intervention
Authors: Bashar Md Khairul , Iqbal Shahed , Chowdhury Mahmood Ahmed , Das Dhananjoy , Iqbal Md
Published: April 2015

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a diagnostic term used to describe a group of permanent disorders of movement & posture causing activity limitation that are attributed to non progressive disturbances in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication and behavior as well as by epilepsy, secondary musculoskeletal problem and feeding difficulties. Aims: To see the development of a child with cerebral palsy after comprehensive feeding & seating intervention. To recommend measure for reducing neurodevelopmental problems. To improve mother- child interaction. Methods: This hospital based prospective cross sectional observational study was done in Child Development Center (CDC) of the Department of Pediatrics, Chattagram Maa Shishu-O-Genaeral Hospital (CMSOGH), Chittagong from July 2013 to December 2013. Children with Cerebral palsy aged 1-15 years included in this study. Results: Most of the patients (60%) before intervention were having only liquid food. After intervention most of the patients were having either a combination of semi-solid and solid food (48%) or only semi-solid food (42%). After intervention 80% of patients were sitting during feeds which was only 12% before intervention. After intervention feeding time is reduced to 15 to 30 minutes which was 30 min to one hour. Most of the patients (90%) never ate by themselves before intervention, only 4% were selffed. After intervention 56% were self feeding for some part of the meal & 24% were self feeding at every meal. Conclusion: Feeding problems in children with cerebral palsy are common. Simple home based measure, like feeding and seating intervention, should be carried out under the guidance of Child Development Center run by developmental therapist with assistance from pediatricians & child psychologists in order to improve the development of the child with cerebral palsy as well as the quality of life.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22872 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 11-14
Lymphadenopathy : Histopathological evaluation of 90 Cases in Chittagong
Authors: Chowdhury Md Babul Osman , Ahmed ASM Mostaque , Chowdhury Abhijit
Published: April 2015

Lymphadenopathy is one of the common clinical presentation of patients suffering from different disease processes. Lymphnode enlargement may be due to reactive changes, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Hodgkin lymphoma, Non Hodgkin lymphoma, Metastatic deposits etc. Histopathological examination of the enlarged lymphnode is the gold standard method to ascertain the cause of the enlargement. The objective of our study was to explore the causes of lymphadenopathy in the population of Chittagong. The study was conducted in the department of Pathology, Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College, Chittagong during January 2012 to July 2014. A total of 90 (Ninety) lymphoid tissue specimens were received and Hematoxilin Eosin stained histopathological slides were prepared and microscopic examination was done. The most common morphologic changes of lymphadenopathy noted was reactive hyperplasia (36.66%) and other causes included were tuberculosis (27.77%), metastasis (20%), Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (7.77%), Hodgkin lymphoma (4.44%) and suppurative lymphadenitis (3.33%). Our observations are supported by some other national and international studies on lymphadenopathy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22874 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 19-21
Amnion Membrane Graft Dressing in Superficial Partial Thickness Burn in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Ullah Md Saif , Ferdous KMN , Mullick Md Mobassar Hussain , Alam Md Rashedul , Rahman Md Sazzaduar , Khan AR
Published: April 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the effectiveness of amniotic membrane graft dressing in the treatment of superficial partial thickness burn in children. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted on the patients admitted with superficial partial thickness burn in the burn unit of Dhaka Shishu Hospital age 0-12 years, during the period from January 1999 to December 2011. All of them treated with amnion membrane graft dressing. Results: Total 370 patients were included in this study. Mean age was 2.76 years. Amnion dressing suppresses bacteria in the wound as well as reduced infection. Amnions have good adherent characteristics, which reduced infection as well as reduction of oozing of plasma from the wound, that become dry early. It has a role on burnt pain reduction, Frequency of dressing change, rate of healing, cost, duration hospital stay. Conclusion: Our experience showed that amniotic membrane is one of the effective biological skin substitutes used in burn wounds, with efficacy of low bacterial counts, has advantageous of reducing protein loss, electrolytes & fluids. Decreasing the risk of infection minimizing pain, accelerate of wound healing and good handling properties. It is ready available does not present immunological problem and allergies response. It is cost effective and very helpful for developing countries. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22875 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 22-25
Outcome of Probing for Congenital Naso-Lacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Sharife Mozammel Hoq , Uddin M Jalal , Ahmed Mostak
Published: April 2015

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate outcome of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. It was an interventional study at a tertiary level hospital of Chittagong. Methods: The study was conducted during April 2009 to March 2013 (04 years). Total 120 eyes of 102 children of 1-3 years age group were probed. Minimum follow up time was 01 year. Results: 110 eyes fully cured, 05 eyes needed re-probing, 03 eyes needed Dacrocystorhinostomy operation (DCR) and 02 cases were dropped out. Male female ratio was 72 (60%) and 48 (40%). Conclusion: Outcome of probing is better among 1-2 years age group than that of 2- 3 years age group. A discussion is made with updated literature review. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22879 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 36-37
Isolated Tuberculosis of Gallbladder: A Case Report
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Khan AKM Shahabuddin
Published: April 2015

Tuberculosis of the gall bladder, a rarity in itself, is always found associated with gallstones or cystic duct obstruction. It presents as a part of systemic miliary tuberculosis, abdominal tuberculosis, isolated gallbladder tuberculosis and as acalculus cholecystitis in anergic patients. There are no pathognomonic signs;the diagnosis depends on suspicion of tuberculosis, preoperative findings and histological examination. This is case of a 60 year old diabetic smoker male; who presented with features of calculouscholecystitis, but after cholecystectomy, on histopathology was proved to be tuberculous gall bladder. The present case of tuberculosis of the gall bladder is being reported for its extreme rarity as it was associated gallstones and thick walled gallbladder mimicking neoplasm. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22887 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 61-63
Microsatellite primers for vulnerable and thrivingAcacia(Fabaceae) species from Australia's arid zone
Authors: Forrest Cairo N. , Roberts David G. , Denham Andrew J. , Ayre David J.
Published: April 2015

Premise of the study:

Microsatellite markers were developed for the common arid Australian shrubAcacia ligulata(Fabaceae) and the threatened overstory treesA. melvilleiandA. pendula.

Methods and Results:

DNA sequence data generated by 454 sequencing were used to identify microsatellite nucleotide repeat motifs. Including previously developed primer sets, we report on the development of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci for each species. Six of these were novel forA. melvilleiandA. ligulata, and five were novel forA. pendula, while five more each were transferred from primers developed for related species (A. carneorumandA. loderi). We found three to 17 alleles per locus for each species, with high multilocus genotypic diversity within each of twoA. ligulataandA. pendulastands, and oneA. melvilleipopulation. A secondA. melvilleistand appeared to be monoclonal.

Conclusions:

These markers will allow assessment of population genetics, mating systems, and connectedness of populations of these and possibly other arid‐zone acacias.
Análisis de los costes de prevención en obras de construcción
Authors: López-Alonso M. , Ibarrondo-Dávila P. , Rubio-Gámez Mª C.
Published: April 2015

Los costes asociados a la seguridad y salud laboral han sido ampliamente estudiados en diversas actividades industriales. Sin embargo, los modelos tradicionales aplicados para su estudio no resultan efectivos en las obras de construcción. Por otra parte, considerando que son las obras de construcción las que registran las mayores tasas de siniestralidad laboral, y que los accidentes llevan asociados importantes costes, no solo para la sociedad sino también para las empresas en los que ocurren, el objetivo de esta investigación se ha centrado en analizar el alcance que presenta el sistema de gestión de los costes de seguridad en las empresas de construcción. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio empírico, al objeto de analizar las posibles relaciones existentes entre el coste de prevención y el coste de los accidentes ocasionado en estas empresas, a partir de una muestra de 40 obras de construcción, en las que se han producido un total de 178 accidentes. En dicho estudio se ha puesto de manifiesto que en las fases de obra de mayor riesgo identificadas, estructuras y movimiento de tierras, se asumen los mayores costes de prevención, a pesar de que también se obtienen los peores datos de siniestralidad.
Attitudes toward people with mental illness among medical students
Authors: Poreddi Vijayalakshmi , Thimmaiah Rohini , Math Suresh Bada
Published: April 2015

Background: Globally, people with mental illness frequently encounter stigma, prejudice, and discrimination by public and health care professionals. Research related to medical students′ attitudes toward people with mental illness is limited from India. Aim: The aim was to assess and compare the attitudes toward people with mental illness among medical students′. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was carried out among medical students, who were exposed (n = 115) and not exposed (n = 61) to psychiatry training using self-reporting questionnaire. Results: Our findings showed improvement in students′ attitudes after exposure to psychiatry in benevolent (t = 2.510, P < 0.013) and stigmatization (t = 2.656, P < 0.009) domains. Further, gender, residence, and contact with mental illness were the factors that found to be influencing students′ attitudes toward mental illness. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that psychiatric education proved to be effective in changing the attitudes of medical students toward mental illness to a certain extent. However, there is an urgent need to review the current curriculum to prepare undergraduate medical students to provide holistic care to the people with mental health problems.
Does education plays a role in meeting the human rights needs of Indian women with mental illness?
Authors: Poreddi Vijayalakshmi , Ramachandra R , Math Suresh Bada
Published: April 2015

Background: Globally women are one of the vulnerable populations and women without education and with mental illness are doubly disadvantaged. Aim: To find out the role of education in meeting the human rights needs of women with mental illness at family and community levels. Materials and Methods: A descriptive design was carried out among randomly selected recovered women (N = 100) with mental illness at a tertiary care center. Data was collected through face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Results: Our findings revealed that human rights needs in physical needs dimension, i.e. access to safe drinking water (χ2 = 7.447, P < 0.059) and serving in the same utensils (χ2 = 10.866, P < 0.012), were rated higher in women with illiteracy. The human rights needs in emotional dimension, i.e. afraid of family members (χ2 = 13.266, P < 0.004), not involved in making decisions regarding family matters (χ2 = 21.133, P < 0.00) and called with filthy nicknames (χ2 = 8.334, P < 0.040), were rated higher in literate women. The human rights needs in religious needs dimension, i.e. allowed to go to temple, church, mosque etc. (χ2 = 9.459, P < 0.024), were not satisfied by the illiterate women. Similarly, literate women felt that they were discriminated by community members due to their illness (χ2 = 9.823, P < 0.044). Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggested that women without education were more deprived of human rights needs than literate women. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve literacy of women and to strengthen the legal framework to protect the rights of the women with mental illness.
Mental health literacy among caregivers of persons with mental illness: A descriptive survey
Authors: Poreddi Vijayalakshmi , BIrudu Raju , Thimmaiah Rohini , Math Suresh Bada
Published: April 2015

Background: Despite of growing evidence of mental disorders in developing countries, research on mental health literacy is limited from India. Aim: To examine mental health literacy among caregivers of persons with mental illness Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out among 161 randomly selected caregivers of persons with mental illness at outpatient department of a tertiary care centre. Data was collected through face to face interview using a structured questionnaire. Results: Regarding the causes of mental illness, a majority agreed that genetic inheritance (69%), substance abuse (64%) and brain disease (59.6%) are main factors for developing mental illness. Although more than two-thirds agreed that anyone could suffer from mental illness, 61.5% also agreed that people with mental health problems are largely to blame for their condition. The majority of the participants also agreed that mentally ill are not able to maintain friendships (45.9%), are dangerous (54%), and not capable to work (59.1%). Just over half (55.9%) of the participants would not want people to know if they had a mental illness and nearly half of them also expressed that they would feel ashamed if a family member had a mental illness. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study researchers suggest that there is an urgent need to educate and change the attitudes of caregivers through mental health literacy programs specifically designed for them.
Contraceptive Acceptability of Female Condom: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bharadwaj Meenakshi Kanwar
Published: April 2015

Background

Female condom is the only available method that women and girls can initiate and, in some ways, control, that protects against both unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. In this regard, it is an important supplement to the male condom.

Materials and methods

One-hundred women between the age of 18 and 40 years attending the gynecology OPD and needing any temporary method of contrception were recruited into the study for 6 months. Only women willing to participate in the study were recruited.

Results

In the study, of the 100 women, only 17 women had heard about sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and that use of male or female condoms can prevent their transmission. Seventy-eight percent of women continued with the use of female condoms. Of them, 83% women reported that they were satisfied by the use of female condoms and they would continue to use them if they were easily available. The satisfaction of the male partners was observed in 79% of them. When both partners were taken together, female condoms were satisfying to 78% of both.

Conclusion

The female condom is an important temporary method of female contraception which also protects from and HIV. It is a method that empowers women; hence, it must be integrated in reproductive health programs to save the lives of millions of women and men now.

How to cite this article

Bharadwaj MK. Contraceptive Acceptability of Female Condom: A Prospective Study. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(1):10-14.
Low Back Ache in Working Women of Reproductive Age Group
Authors: Mangla Divya , Goel JK , Goel Siddharth , Mani Poonam
Published: April 2015

Background

Pain in the soft tissues of the back is extremely common among adults and frequently affects individuals in their working years. Although low back ache (LBA) is suggested to be linked to hormonal and reproductive factors in women, results from various studies are inconclusive. The relationship between the work environment and LBA, though clearly perceived by the women to be causative, may be less certain. In addition to the financial losses to society and patients, LBA also has a major impact on various aspects of patients’ everyday lives.

Materials and methods

It was a cross-sectional study of reproductive women presenting with LBA, included after a questionnaire survey. Statistical analysis were used to correlate LBA with overweight, posture during working and reproductive factors, like age at marriage, marriage duration, past pregnancy, number of children and number of abortions, and to explore individual and work-related risk factors.

Results

Past pregnancy (including previous deliveries or abortions), age at marriage, obesity and posture while working were associated with LBP. No positive association was found for marriage duration.

Conclusion

Ergonomics has a crucial role in preventing LBA. In working women, hormonal and reproductive factors along with posture and duration of working hours are associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain in general.

How to cite this article

Goel S, Mani P, Mangla D, Goel JK. Low Back Ache in Working Women of Reproductive Age Group. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(1):33-36.
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Complex Dilemma during Pregnancy
Authors: Kumare Bhavna , Kawathalkar Anjali , Vijay Nikita Ritesh
Published: April 2015

The acute and chronic management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) during pregnancy presents a challenging clinical situation as there are no evidence-based guidelines despite being the commonest arrhythmia found in pregnancy. We report a case of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in a 25 years old antenatal woman with no organic heart disease, where she received verapamil followed by diltiazem as antiarrhythmics instead of adenosine for conversion into sinus rhythm. Since she had recurrent episodes in third trimester she received verapamil and metoprolol as prophylaxis with good fetal and maternal outcome. This case highlights the need to understand the complexities in diagnosis and management of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during pregnancy.

How to cite this article

Kumare BD, Kawathalkar A, Vijay NR. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Complex Dilemma during Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(1):44-47.