bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of tsunami-prone communities, Nias, Indonesia
Authors: Aksa Furqan I. , Ashar Muhammad , Siswanto Heni W.
Published: September 2024

Nias Island is presently being confronted with a substantial and imminent threat of a tsunami. However, the level of knowledge of the communities on Nias Island regarding earthquake and tsunami hazards is limited. This study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among the communities residing on Nias Island with respect to the hazard of tsunami. This study adopted a community participation method derived from a social inductive study. Data were collected from field observations and in-depth interviews with 210 communities. Data were analysed using a descriptive table form for comprehensive examination. The results showed that the majority of communities lacked comprehensive knowledge regarding both the sources of tsunamis and estimated times of arrival (ETAs) for tsunamis. The findings also indicated a lack of regular disaster evacuation drills or simulations conducted by the government in the area. Moreover, there is a prevailing belief among the communities that God will prevent loss of life in the event of a tsunami. This belief is concerning because of its potential contribution to a fatalistic attitude towards disasters, potentially resulting in inadequate preparedness. The findings of this research confirm previous research that found that people living on small islands in Indonesia have very limited knowledge of the tsunami hazard.Contribution: These findings highlight the important role of the government to carry out substantial efforts aimed at enhancing the resilience of communities residing in small islands. Currently, small islands receive less attention in efforts to reduce disaster risk.
How P(H)C is your curriculum?
Authors: Gaede Bernhard M.
Published: September 2024

In South Africa and internationally, the alignment of health professions education programme with primary healthcare (PHC) policies is seen to promote the training of fit-for-purpose graduates who can adequately respond to the demands of patient and community needs. This article seeks to describe the development of a tool to assess the degree of PHC in an undergraduate medical curriculum. In defining what is meant by PHC, four dimensions of PHC were identified for the purpose of designing the tool, namely values underpinning PHC, principles of PHC, a generalist focus of the programme, and the level of care that the programme is delivered at. The tool also sought to assess how the content in these dimensions is covered in the curriculum and to which depth students are required to engage. The perspectives that were considered were: what content was being covered, what pedagogy was used, in which context it was being taught and how it was being assessed. For each of these aspects, the dimensions are assessed using an amended Miller’s pyramid to assess the expectations of outcomes for the curriculum. The tool is presented and the article reflects on the use of the tool in a process of assessing a medical curriculum.
Retrospective study of detecting oesophageal injuries post neck trauma: CTA versus fluoroscopy
Authors: Rumhumha Audrey R. , Christofides Nicholas , Moodley Pravani
Published: September 2024

Background: Timely detection of oesophageal injuries post-penetrating neck trauma is imperative because of the associated high morbidity and mortality. Patients commonly undergo both CT angiography (CTA) and contrast swallow studies (fluoroscopic oesophagography) when oesophageal injury is suspected.Objectives: To determine the radiological findings of oesophageal injury after penetrating neck trauma comparing CTA and fluoroscopic oesophagography at a single tertiary centre.Method: The study retrospectively reviewed the data from CTA and fluoroscopic oesophagography reports of patients suspected of oesophageal injuries secondary to penetrating neck trauma at a tertiary hospital in South Africa from January 2018 to December 2022.Results: A total of 76 records were reviewed. The mean age for the participants was 31.5 years, ranging from 0.75–66 years. In this study 6/76 (8%) patients had confirmed oesophageal injury on fluoroscopy, which is considered the gold standard. The majority of penetrating neck injuries were in the 20–29 year age group, with 33/76 (43%) injuries. Stab wounds as the mechanism of injury accounted for 57/76 (75%). Dysphagia was experienced by 10/76 (13%) of those who had injuries. Zone I injuries accounted for 33/76 (43%) of the injuries.Conclusion: The incidence of oesophageal injuries secondary to penetrating neck injuries is comparable to previous studies. This study determined that CTA has a high sensitivity but low specificity.Contribution: Fluoroscopic oesophagography should, therefore, be performed in patients who have an abnormal CTA coupled with clinical signs and symptoms of oesophageal injury.
Evaluation of awareness, requirement, and clinical applications of guided endodontics among dental practitioners in North India – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sinha Dakshita Joy , Pandey Jayati , Kumari Mansi , Arora Geetika , Paul Mayura , Paul Rahul
Published: September 2024

Aim:

Guided endodontics (GE) represents a cutting-edge shift in dental practice, utilizing three-dimensional imaging to enhance treatment precision and safety in endodontics. Since its introduction in 2016, GE has shown promise in reducing complications by guiding dental procedures with minimal invasiveness. This study evaluates its acceptance and application among North India’s dental community, aiming to identify educational gaps and operational challenges.

Methods:

An online survey, approved by ethical standards, was distributed to dental professionals in North India, collecting 265 responses on their familiarity, application, and training needs regarding GE.

Results:

Findings reveal a general awareness of GE among respondents, with a notable lack of specialized training. While GE’s benefits in various dental treatments were acknowledged, a significant interest in further training was expressed, underlining the necessity for enhanced educational programs.

Conclusion:

The research highlights a keen interest in GE among dentists, despite existing educational gaps. There is a clear call for integrating GE-focused training into dental curricula to equip practitioners with the skills needed for its effective use, potentially transforming patient care in endodontics.
c-FLIP and microRNA 708-5p gene expression in newly diagnosed and chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia of Iraqi patient
Authors: Jaafar Jaafar Sadiq , Al-Kafagi Hiba Muneer Abdual Hassan , Hamzah Israa Hussein
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

C-FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a protein that does not merely block apoptosis signaling but also adjusts further pathways of cell death. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a nonhomogeneous hematologic malignancy, is the highly common form of AML among adults and is described through the clonal enlargement of myeloid blasts in the bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood, and/or else tissues.

OBJECTIVES:

The aims of this study were to investigate the role of c-FLIP and microRNA (miRNA) 708-5p as a prospective prognostic biomarker as well as the therapeutic goal in AML.

PATIENTS MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study includes two groups of patients (40) individuals newly diagnosed AML patients, (20) AML taking chemotherapy, and (50) apparently healthy volunteers. The study was conducted at the National Center of Hematology/Mustansiriyah University. The methods employed in the analysis include total RNA extraction, complementary cDNA synthesis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to evaluate the gene expression of cFLIP and miRNA-708-5p. Complete blood count to estimate some hematological parameters.

RESULTS:

The expression of c-FLIP was notably higher in both newly diagnosed and patients under chemotherapy compared to controls with fold expression (3.291 and 2.92), respectively, with a highly significant (P = 0.0001). The increase in miRNA 708-5p expression in newly diagnosed patients with fold expression (5.345), whereas downregulation in patients under chemotherapy with fold expression (0.789) indicates that treatment may restore its levels, contributing to the suppression of c-FLIP and promoting apoptosis.

CONCLUSION:

The c-FLIP and miRNA708-5p gene might be used as a biological marker for the AML initial diagnosis. The researches emphasize the role of miRNA 708-5p as a tumor suppressor, which negatively regulates the antiapoptotic protein c-FLIP, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target in AML treatment. By modulating the levels of miRNA708-5p, it may be possible to regulate the expression of c-FLIP, thus enhancing the effectiveness of apoptosis-inducing therapies. This suggests the promising development of miRNA-based therapies as part of AML treatment strategies. Furthermore, miRNA 708-5p can act as a prognostic indicator in AML, with its expression levels offering valuable insights into disease progression and patient response to treatment. Further research into miRNA 708-5p can lead to a better understanding of its role in AML pathogenesis and its potential applications in clinical practice.
Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-arm study to evaluate the efficacy of coadministration of garlic as a hydrogen sulfide donor and tadalafil in patients with erectile dysfunction not responding to tadalafil alone – A pilot study
Authors: Bhat Gajanan Shripad , Shastry Anuradha
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE:

The objective is to evaluate the efficacy of coadministration of garlic (as a hydrogen sulfide [H2S] donor) and tadalafil for patients with ED using a placebo-controlled, prospective, randomized, two-arm pilot study in patients responding poorly to tadalafil alone.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The patients with complaints of ED (with normal penile Doppler) who failed to maintain sustained improvement in erectile function with tadalafil were recruited after excluding those with comorbidities. The study sample was randomized into two groups. Group A received garlic 5 g twice a day orally and Group B received a placebo twice daily orally for 4 weeks. Both groups continued tadalafil 5 mg in the night for 4 weeks. Their erectile function was assessed at the beginning and at the end of 4 weeks using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EF), erectile function domain and compared. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

Nineteen patients in Group A (mean age 37.5 ± 10.6 years) and 16 patients in Group B (mean age 39.6 ± 9.6 years) participated in the pilot study conducted from May 2022 to August 2022. The participants treated with garlic (as an H2S donor) as a coadministrant had statistically significant improvement in IIEF-EF score (P ≤ 0.0001) at the end of 4 weeks compared to placebo.

CONCLUSIONS:

Garlic (as an H2S donor) as adjunctive therapy was beneficial in our study participants responding poorly to tadalafil alone.
Advancing pediatric drug development in South Asia: Current landscape and vision for the future
Authors: Krishna Rajesh , Jadhav Manoj , Sivasubramanian Rama , Sunkara Gangadhar , Gota Vikram , Niranjan Vis , Dhote Vipin , Sapkal Nidhi , Rege Nirmala N , Sethi Samir , Medhi Bikash , Kshirsagar Nilima , Parmar Deven
Published: September 2024

The manuscript summarizes the outcomes of a one-day conference by the South Asian College of American College of Clinical Pharmacology (SAC-ACCP) in July 2023, at Bhopal. The theme of the conference was “Advancing pediatric drug development in South Asia.” SAC-ACCP organized this event in Bhopal to foster the discipline of clinical pharmacology and to motivate researchers and physicians in the in the central part of India. The conference featured presentations on regional approaches to pediatric drug development in Asia by pediatric scientific experts from the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies, as well as independent consultancies. The speakers highlighted several important aspects of the evolving regulatory landscape in India and proposed numerous actionable steps in acceleration of pediatric drug development. This commentary provides insights from presentations and the panel discussion at this conference and also makes an attempt to connect to similar discussions that occurred at the SAC-ACCP drug development conference in 2017.
Distribution of color vision deficiency among school children in Moradabad District, India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Singh Mahendra , Maan Veenu , Agarwal Pradeep , Kushwaha Sanjay , Chauhan Lokesh
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence and distribution of color vision deficiency (CVD) among school children aged 6–16 in the Moradabad district of Uttar Pradesh, India.

Methods:

Between November 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023, a multidisciplinary team conducted school-based eye screening camps, screening 1329 students from four schools. The screening included visual acuity measurement, refraction, ocular alignment evaluation, and Ishihara’s plate test for CVD.

Results:

Ocular examinations conducted on 1329 students from four schools unveiled a range of ocular conditions. These included bilateral moderate ptosis in 0.1%, nystagmus in 0.1%, hypermetropia in 0.6%, myopia in 7.0%, astigmatism in 2.8%, and pseudophakic in 0.1% of students. The study identified CVD in 2.4% of participants (2.8% of males and 2.2% of females). Further breakdown revealed a 2.4% prevalence on the right and 1.5% on the left, with red and green color vision deficiencies observed. Notably, primary education, middle education, and secondary education levels showed CVD prevalence of 0.4%, 0.97%, and 0.97%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The study contributes valuable insights into ocular morbidities, emphasizing the prevalence of CVD among school children in the Moradabad district. The findings underscore the need for tailored interventions, early screening, and awareness campaigns to address the specific needs of affected children in diverse geographical and educational settings.
Traumatic hyphema in a neonate: An unusual presentation
Authors: Tabani Salma Mohd Iqbal , Ghag Gaurav Ramakant , Anagha H. , Gharat Anujja M. , Potdar Nayana Anil , Rathod Darshana B. , Jiwane Amruta Nilkath , Bang Rucha
Published: September 2024

Subconjunctival hemorrhages following forceps delivery are common. However, their presence with hyphema is rare. This case report describes a full-term neonate who was initially examined for trauma and subconjunctival hemorrhage in both eyes with diffuse hyphema in right eye following forceps delivery. The anterior segment showed nondilating pupil with fine blood vessels on the iris in one eye along with tunica vasculosa lentis. B-scan showed a hyperechoic line in the vitreous suggestive of unilateral persistent fetal vasculature.
Longitudinal follow-up and outcome analysis in patching resistant/patching noncompliant amblyopic subjects treated with dichoptic amblyopia training
Authors: Walimbe Prasad B , Gogate Parikshit M , Walimbe Tejaswini P , Khaladkar Girija M
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to estimate the efficacy of dichoptic amblyopia training (DAT) in patching resistant/patching noncompliant amblyopic subjects on best-corrected distance visual acuity and stereoacuity with 12-month follow-up.

Methodology:

In this study, 113 participants with anisometropic, isometropic, strabismic, and accommodative esotropia with amblyopia, with a mean age of 8 years (interquartile range [IQR] 7–10), using full-time spectacle correction and not improving with prescribed patching protocol in 2 subsequent visits 3 months apart were included in the study. Subjects with deprivational amblyopia, ocular comorbidity, or neuronal defects were excluded. Subjects were given 30 min of dichoptic gameplay with Bynocs DAT for 5 days a week for at least 6 weeks. Best-corrected distance visual acuity and stereoacuity of subjects were recorded before treatment, immediately after Bynocs DAT, 6 months, and at 12-month follow-up.

Results:

The age group of the participants was divided into three groups – (1) <9 years (64.6%), (2) 10–17 years (33.6%), and (3) >18 years (1.8%). The median (IQR) age of 113 participants was 8 years (7–10). The diagnosis of the participants was anisometropic amblyopia in 18 (15.9%), isometropic amblyopia in 72 (63.7%), accommodative esotropia with amblyopia in 18 (15.9%), and strabismic amblyopia in 5 (4.4%). Post dichoptic therapy, the best-corrected distance visual acuity improvement was statistically significant using the McNemar test and remained stable till the 12-month follow-up (P < 0.001). Post Bynocs DAT, stereoacuity improvement was statistically significant using the McNemar test and maintained till the 12-month follow-up (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Best-corrected distance visual acuity and stereoacuity improved after Bynocs DAT and remained stable in patching resistant/patching noncompliant subjects with anisometropic and isometropic amblyopia 12 months after cessation of treatment.
Thoracoscopic Repair of a Rare Case of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia with Eventration (Mixed Lesion)
Authors: Gupta Tarun , Mandelia Ankur , Goel Rahul , Prajapati Pooja
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Congenital diaphragmatic malformations include congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and eventration of the diaphragm. The clinical presentation is variable, and the prognosis depends on multiple factors. The coexistence of CDH and diaphragmatic eventration in the same patient is extremely unusual and has not been reported previously in the literature. We report this rare association in a 3-month-old male infant who was managed successfully by minimally invasive approach.
Effect of oil pulling on the Streptococcus mutans concentation in plaque around orthodontic brackets -A prospective clinical study
Authors: Jagdish Nithya , Padmanabhan Sridevi , Chitharanjan Arun B.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Fixed orthodontic appliances create areas of plaque stagnation leading to an increase in the volume, structure, and composition of plaque. This increases the chances of decalcification and white spot lesions. Oil pulling, an ancient practice involving swishing oil in the mouth, has demonstrated a significant reduction in plaque scores after 45 days, and a reduction in salivary Streptococcus mutans concentration in few studies done in nonorthodontic subjects. The aim was to compare the concentration of S. mutans in plaque around orthodontic brackets in patients using oil pulling with sesame oil and those on routine oral hygiene.

Subjects and Methods:

Twenty subjects requiring fixed orthodontic treatment were divided into two equal groups: Group A-Oil pulling and Group B-Control. All subjects were instructed to follow common oral hygiene methods and in addition, Group A was instructed to perform oil pulling for 30 days starting 1 month after placement of fixed appliances. Plaque specimens were collected from labial surfaces of maxillary lateral incisors and quantification of S. mutans was done using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mean and standard deviations for descriptive statistics, paired, and unpaired sample t-tests were analyzed.

Results:

Comparison of S. mutans concentration between T1 and T2 demonstrated a significant difference in both control and study groups. The experimental group showed significantly lesser S. mutans concentration compared to the control group.

Conclusions:

Oil-pulling therapy with sesame oil resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the concentration of S. mutans in the plaque around orthodontic brackets.
Design of Delivery Systems (Nanoemulsions and Biopolymer Nanoparticles) of Cloves Essential Oil: Preparation, Characterizations, Study the Release, and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Taher Mariam Kadhim , Falih Israa Qusay , Abdullah Younus Jasim
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Clove oil has a wide range of therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. It is also used in the manufacture of pesticides and antifungals, as well as many advantages. The study aims to improve the properties of essential oils, especially clove oil, and make them more stable by the design of delivery systems (nanoemulsions and biopolymer nanoparticles).

METHODS:

Clove oil was mixed with water in the presence of tween-20 as a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant, and then carboxymethyl cellulose was added with different ratios of glycerin as a cross-linking agent. The formation of the clove nanogel was tested by spectrophotometric assay 2.2.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and morphology method field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), also the rate of clove oil release during different periods, and hemolytic and antioxidant activity were tested.

RESULTS:

The nanoparticles were demonstrated by DLS and FESEM. The polydispersity index value was 0.279, indicating good monodispersity and good stability, while higher release values were obtained when glycerol was not present as a cross-linker. In addition to the higher antioxidant, values of the clove oil nano emulsion (CNE) have a maximum inhibition of 65% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, whereas clove nano-gel (CNG) at the same concentration exhibited 59.2% inhibition. The calculated IC50 values of CNG and CNE were 6.58 and 3.25 μg/mL, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

The study proved through the results obtained that nanocomposites help stabilize components, especially volatile oil, which increases their effectiveness.
Transcending Carbon Life: A Vision for Sustainable Future
Authors: Aghanouri Reza
Published: September 2024

The concept of “transcending carbon life” proposes a shift from traditional carbon-based biological existence to a data-centric, digital form of life. This is driven by the need to address escalating environmental crises caused by carbon-intensive human activities. The main challenges of carbon-based life include climate change, resource depletion, and environmental degradation. “Transcending Carbon Life” aims to address these issues by leveraging advancements in digital technologies and data science. The core principles involve digital existence, where life forms could be replicated and preserved as data, and data-centric living, emphasizing the use of high-quality data and synthetic data to drive decision-making and innovation. Potential benefits include improved environmental sustainability, enhanced medical research and life extension, and better global connectivity and knowledge sharing. However, significant technological development, ethical considerations, and infrastructure challenges need to be addressed to make this vision a reality. Overall, “transcending carbon life” represents a transformative approach to ensuring the long-term survival, superior intelligence governance, and ecological balance of all living entities on earth.
Detection of Vibrio cholerae as a Potential Microbiological Hazard from Water Samples Used for Cleaning Purpose of Pani-puri Serving Plates in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Momo Maisha Farzana , Alam Seemi Tasnim , Monir Sawda Binte , Shayem H. M. Abu , Sultana Raquiba , Tisha Rowson Habiba , Sultana Sadiya , Islam Jahidul , Uddin Md. Aftab
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cholera remains a significant public health concern, particularly in endemic regions like Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of Vibrio cholerae contamination in pani-puri plate wash water in Dhaka city, employing biochemical, microscopic, and antibiotic resistance analyses.

METHODS:

A total of 20 pani-puri plate wash water samples were collected from various locations in Dhaka between August 2023 and October 2023. The samples were analyzed at the Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh.

RESULTS:

V. cholerae was found to be highly prevalent, especially in crowded urban areas. Biochemical tests confirmed the identity of the isolates as V. cholerae. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed concerning resistance patterns, with 100% resistance to commonly used drugs such as meropenem and ampicillin. In addition, resistance to cefixime, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol was observed, emphasizing the need for alternative treatment options.

CONCLUSION:

These findings highlight the significance of ongoing monitoring of V. cholerae populations for virulence factors and changes in antibiotic resistance to inform public health interventions and cholera control measures. The study underscores the importance of strict hygienic standards in the preparation of street food, particularly in endemic locations such as Dhaka, Bangladesh, to reduce the risk of waterborne diseases. Continuous surveillance for drug resistance and microbiological contamination is crucial for effective cholera treatment and prevention.
Thalassemia Disorders: A Scoping Insight toward Management and Patient Care Prospects
Authors: Al-Taie Anmar , Ürek Ammar , Kayas Hala , Tahir Hassan
Published: September 2024

Thalassemia (TH) is a group of inherited autosomal recessive blood disorders that are among the most common genetic diseases in the world and originate in the Mediterranean. The condition is caused by a number of genetic defects, and depending on the severity of the disease, untreated individuals may develop clinical complications such as skeletal deformities and growth retardation, splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis, heart failure, and endocrine complications. Based on a growing understanding of the sequential pathophysiological events, this study provides a scoping review of currently applied treatment, new attractive and potentially novel therapies that are starting to immerge for TH. Furthermore, because this genetic disorder necessitates long-term care, preventing the homozygous state is a critical tool in management alongside preventative measures toward patient care.
CEBPB dampens the cuproptosis sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by facilitating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Tianchen , Zhang Yong , Wu Yachao , Han Xiaodong , Li Lei , Guo Zhipeng , Li Kan , Xin Yanshan , Wang Weijie
Published: September 2024

Background:

Cuproptosis is a novel pathway that differs from other forms of cell death and has been confirmed to be applicable for predicting tumor prognosis and clinical treatment response. However, the mechanism underlying the resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) to cuproptosis at the molecular level has not been elucidated.

Methods:

Using bioinformatics analysis, the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPB) in CRC tissues and its enrichment in biological processes were detected. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting (WB) were employed to test the expression of CEBPB in CRC cells. WB was utilized to assess the levels of proteins related to cuproptosis and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway. The MTT assay was used to test cell viability. Cell proliferation was assessed by a colony formation assay. Transwell assays were used to measure cell migration and invasion ability. DLAT-aggregate formation was determined by immunofluorescence.

Results:

CEBPB was highly upregulated in CRC cells to enhance cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. CEBPB was strongly implicated in copper ion homeostasis and the mTOR signaling pathway in CRC. In a CRC cuproptosis cell model, rescue experiments revealed that a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor attenuated the promoting effect of CEBPB overexpression on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and rescued the sensitivity of CRC to cuproptosis.

Conclusion:

This work demonstrated that CEBPB can activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby decreasing the sensitivity of CRC to cuproptosis. These data suggested that targeting CEBPB or the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may enhance the sensitivity of CRC patients to cuproptosis, providing a combined therapeutic strategy for cuproptosis-induced therapy.
A pattern of presentation and management of lip cancer in a tertiary institution in Northwestern Nigeria: A retrospective study
Authors: Bala Mujtaba , Ibikunle Adebayo Aremu , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Taiwo Abdulrazaq Olanrewaju , Yabo Sufiyanu Umar , Aliyu Bashar Muhammad , Abdulhakeem Abdullateef , Olayemi Lukman A. , Abubakar Sadeeq Fawa , Bawa Anas Tsafe
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The lips just like any other part of the body could be affected ny myriads of diseases including infection and neoplasm. Surgical management of lip cancer is often challenging in both reconstructive options and outcomes.

Aims:

This study aimed to assess the pattern of presentation and management of lip cancer in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective study of cases of lip cancer managed at the Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, northern Nigeria, over 9 years. Data collected included patients’ demographics, lip involved, treatment given, and the treatment outcomes data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.

Results:

Of the 47 cases in the study, 31 (66.0%) were male and 16 (34.0%) were female and the majority of them were aged over 50 years. The range was 43–76 years with a mean of ± standard deviation of 55.06 ± 8.9. There were no statistically significant differences in either age or gender. The lower lip was involved in 41 (87.2%), whereas the upper lip was involved in 6 (12.8%) cases. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) constituted the majority at 42 (89.4%), which were mostly well differentiated. Of the 6 cases of the lower lip, 4 cases were basal cell carcinoma, 1 case was SCC, and the remaining 1 case was sebaceous carcinoma. A total of 38 (80.9%) patients were surgically treated, and the remaining 9 (19.1%), were referred to the oncology department. Of the various options available in the literature for lip reconstruction after tumor excision, nasolabial flap 17 (44.7%) was the most frequently used in our cases, and the outcome of all the surgeries was found satisfactory.

Conclusion:

Lip cancer is a relatively common cancer in the orofacial region, and the majority is SCC. All the cases of basal cell carcinoma occur in the upper lip. Several options are available for the reconstruction of the lip defect after resection, with the nasolabial flap being a versatile option.
Dental anxiety, pain, and quality of life among exodontia patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Famurewa Bamidele A. , Emmanuel Abimbola A. , Alade Omolola T. , Adedigba Michael A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

There are few studies on dental anxiety (DA) among patients who are planned for routine dental extraction compared with a plethora of published reports on DA and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients undergoing third molar surgery.

Aim:

This study aims to investigate anxiety level, pain experience and OHRQoL of patients scheduled for routine exodontia at a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Oral Surgery clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria from April to September 2019. DA, pain, and OHRQoL of participants were assessed using Corah’s DA Scale (DAS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and 14-item oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire, respectively. Just before routine exodontia, the demographic variables of the participants were also recorded. Data were analyzed using R version 4.2.2.

Results and Discussion:

One hundred fifty-nine participants planned for routine exodontia of one or two permanent tooth/teeth with 41.7 ± 19.8 years mean age. The mean DAS score for the study population was 7.9 ± 3.6 (range: 4–18) with the proportion of dentally anxious patients (DAS score ≥13) being 15.1%. The majority (125; 78.6%) reported preexodontia dental pain VAS score of 4–10. Only 22.6% of the participants had their OHRQoL significantly impaired with OHIP-14 score of 29–56.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of DA among Nigerian adults scheduled for routine exodontia was 15.1%. At least seven in ten patients had moderate and severe dental pain, while one-fifth presented with significantly impaired OHRQoL.
Evaluation of nano-hydroxyapatite application on fluorosed and nonfluorosed dentinal surface: A scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Vandana Kharidhi Laxman , Aditya Vangara , Mahajan Neha
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Although there are many desensitizing medications on the market with promising results, their therapeutic advantages are sometimes fleeting or diminished over time since they might be gradually destroyed by consistent tooth brushing or ingestion of acidic beverages.

Aim:

In this scanning electron microscope study, an initial effort was made to evaluate and compare the dentinal changes that occurred after healthy fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth were subjected to the application of 1% and 10% nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) desensitizing agents.

Materials and Methods:

This study included 10 healthy fluorosed teeth and 10 nonfluorosed teeth with ages ranging from 20 to 40 years. Test Group 1 received 1% n-HAP desensitizing agent, whereas test Group 2 received 10% n-HAP formulation. Over 7 days, the dentin samples were brushed twice daily for 2 min. The samples were subsequently exposed to artificial saliva for 1 week. The diameter of the dentinal tubules was measured using ImageJ, and the dentinal tubules were manually counted using Adobe Photoshop CS3.

Results and Discussion:

When comparing the quantity and percentage of completely and partially occluded dentinal tubules in teeth treated with 1% and 10% n-HAP desensitizing agents, no statistically significant differences between fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth were found (P = 0.94). Furthermore, the mean diameter of partially occluded dentinal tubules in fluorosed and nonfluorosed teeth was statistically significant (P = 0.00).

Conclusion:

When n-HAP toothpaste was used, dentinal tubules were occluded. Data from this trial and other studies indicate the therapeutic efficacy of the n-HAP dentifrice, suggesting that it could be utilized to reduce dentin hypersensitivity.
Management of obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia in a patient with complete and partial removable dentures
Authors: Alshuhail Ola Abdullah
Published: September 2024

In this case, we assessed the feasibility of managing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with an oral appliance (OA) for an edentulous patient. Given that promoting patient compliance with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is challenging, OA therapy could improve patient adherence and quality of life. A 56-year-old male with a medical history of moderate OSA and insomnia was referred to our center by a sleep physician for OA therapy. He reported intolerance to CPAP with different types of masks and nasal pads. Upon clinical examination, the patient had a fully edentulous maxilla and three healthy abutment teeth in the mandible. He wore a complete upper denture and a lower partial denture both day and night. We used a custom-made adjustable OA (semiedentulous design) for both dentures. During the last follow-up visit, a significant improvement in OSA indexes was observed. The patient's apnea[FIGURE DASH]hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 11.8/h to 6.8/h, whereas his nadir oxygen saturation increased from 83% to 92%. The rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep drastically improved from 15.7% to 26.6%, and the respiratory disturbance index decreased from 40/h to 15.8/h at the REM stage. OA was an effective alternative to a tongue retainer device for a completely and partially edentulous patient refusing to comply with CPAP and unable to tolerate the tongue retainer device. Further studies with larger sample sizes using different OAs are recommended.
Robotically assisted dental implant surgery
Authors: Fatani Bader
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The most critical factor affecting implant treatment outcome is implant placement accuracy which includes the depth, angle, and position of the implant within the bone. Previousstudieshavediscussedtheapplicationoftheroboticsyst eminthesurgicalfield. However, few of these studies addressed the use of the computerized system in dental implant surgery.

Aim:

This study aims to review recent updates and guidelines discussing robotic-assisted implant surgery.

Materials and methods:

Major scientific databases were searched during 2021-2022.97 articles were collected and was screened using inclusion criteria. A total of 18 articles were used for this review.

Results and Discussion:

Robotically assisted dental implant surgery is a form of surgical guidance that provide precise advice for implant treatment planning, preparation, and placement of dental implants, as well as accurate visual navigation. The advantages of robotic-assisted implant surgery include greater efficiency, sustained precision, flexibility, and increased stability.

Conclusion:

The combination of the robot's stabilization with the surgeon's experience is considered the standard of treatment during the placement of dental implants. Thus, a surgeon–robot collaboration system should be considered for a bettertreatmentoutcome.
Permanent teeth loss
Authors: Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Ali-Alsuliman Dawood , Sharma Harit Kanwar , Taiwo Abdulrazaq O. , Ibikunle Adebayo Aremu , Alsalah Yahyah , Makrami Reham , Alwalah Abdullah S. , Alajam Mohammed S. , Alalharith Abdullrahman Saeed
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Tooth loss is a worldwide public health concern of huge proportion. Problems associated with permanent tooth loss are enormous.

Aim:

This study aims to investigate the major reasons and patterns of permanent tooth extraction in a government referral dental center.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted on patients who had intra-alveolar extraction of teeth in our facility between January 2016 and December 2020. Sociodemographic data and type of tooth extracted were recorded. Reasons for extraction were classified into the following: caries, failed root canal treatment, failed restoration, periodontitis, prosthodontic, orthodontic, trauma, and over-eruption. Data were stored and analyzed with SPSS for MOS, Version 20.0.

Results and Discussion:

A total of 8065 (3248, 0.3%) males and 4817 (59.3%, females) patients presented for teeth extraction during the study period with 11,746 extractions done, giving an average of 1.5 extractions per individual. The age range of 11–102 years with a mean (±standard deviation) of 36.0 (16.6) was observed. The majority of the patients were in the age groups of 21–30 years (1992 (24.7%), then 31–40 years (1773 (22.0%). Caries and its sequelae accounted for the main reasons for tooth mortality. In the mandible, a total of 5321 (45.3%), while in the maxilla, a total of 6425 (54.7%) teeth were extracted. Molars were the most extracted tooth in both jaws (3485 (29.7%))

Conclusions:

The current study found that dental caries, and its sequelae, was the main reason for tooth extraction in a Saudi subpopulation, Najran. Molars were the most commonly extracted teeth.
Refractory multiple myeloma presenting as oral gingival mass
Authors: Momin Majed Basit , Krishna Reddy G. Vamshi , Dev Singh R. Rahul , Hasan Rubeena
Published: September 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disseminated multifocal hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of a single clone of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and/or extramedullary sites. Maxillofacial manifestations in patients with MM are common but frequently misdiagnosed. In the present case, a 65-year-old male with MM presented with a maxillary gingival mass lesion on the left side of the oral cavity. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and microscopic nodule examination revealed tumor cells (plasmablasts). Being vigilant about oral metastatic lesions in a known case of MM suggested starting a workup for MM relapse, and subsequent BM workup and serum immunofixation confirmed MM relapse. This case emphasized the oral cavity lesions in the known case of MM, the utility of the FNAC, and an interdisciplinary approach to such lesions for early diagnosis and initiation of treatment.
Successful rehabilitation of a child patient with ankyloglossia using the diode laser of wavelength 808 nm and speech therapy
Authors: Khan Mohammad Kamran , Jindal Mahendra Kumar
Published: September 2024

Ankyloglossia is an abnormal congenital condition of the tongue characterized by abnormal attachment of lingual frenum or shorter lingual frenulum. Although various conventional surgical modalities and lasers for frenectomy has been described in literature, only few articles have been reported in the existing literature regarding the diode laser of 808 nm wavelength for frenectomy procedure in pediatric patient. Hence, the current article describes the clinical case report of successful and effective treatment of ankyloglossia using soft-tissue diode laser of 808 nm wavelength with minimally invasive dentistry approach in a 10-year-old male pediatric patient. In addition, the tongue-tie was clinically evaluated using the Hazelbaker Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function. Diode lasers can be used as a safe alternative surgical tool for managing tongue-tie with minimally invasive dentistry approach and also for alleviating the dental anxiety in pediatric patients.
Prosthetic rehabilitation of acquired maxillary defect secondary to mucormycosis with magnet-retained two-part prosthesis
Authors: Rathee Manu , Wakure Poonam , Malik Sanju , Singh Sandeep , Chahal Sujata , Divakar S.
Published: September 2024

Mucormycosis has recently become more common in India, with COVID-19 patients being the most affected. Pulmonary, gastrointestinal, disseminated, or rhinocerebral infections have various forms of mucormycosis. The most prevalent type is rhinocerebral, which affects the maxilla, nose, sinuses, and brain. A total or partial maxillectomy has an impact on a patient's cosmetic, functional, and psychological well-being. To replace not only missing teeth but also lost soft tissues and bone, such as the hard palate and alveolar ridges, a maxillofacial prosthodontist must overcome numerous obstacles. For the rehabilitation of such deformities, prosthetic rehabilitation has become the preferred option. Magnets are an efficient technique to provide retention, quality, and consistency in a system. This clinical report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of an acquired maxillary defect secondary to mucormycosis with a magnet-retained two-part prosthesis.
Brown's tumor of mandible as a manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Seraj Samia , Aggarwal Ashish , Upadhyay Nitin , Agarwal Nupur , Vishnurao Sowmya Gujjar , Rathore Ankit Singh
Published: September 2024

Hypercalcemia and increased or abnormal serum levels of parathyroid hormone are indicators of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Brown tumor of bone is a rare nonneoplastic lesion that arises due to abnormal bone metabolism caused by HPT. The reported prevalence of brown tumor is 0.1%. In today's world, however, skeletal illness caused by primary HPT is quite rare. Patient consent was obtained. Here, we present a rare case of bony lytic lesion in the mandible that raised suspicion of giant cell lesion, compelling further investigations. The patient underwent blood investigations which revealed hypercalcemia. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic mass on the left inferior thyroid lobe. An incisional biopsy was done which revealed hemorrhagic fibrovascular connective tissue in a background of multinucleated giant cells; the mandibular lesion was classified as a giant cell lesion. A final diagnosis of Brown tumor of the mandible was made based on the investigations. The left parathyroidectomy was done. Curettage of the mandibular lesion was done surgically. The patient was on follow-up for 6 months and showed no signs of recurrence. Although Brown tumor of mandible is a rare lesion, it should be considered a differential diagnosis for osteolytic lesions of the jaw. Early diagnosis can help to prevent late outcomes of the disease.
Evaluation of alveolar bone changes of jaws in periodontitis patients with and without dental fluorosis using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Vandana Kharidhi Laxman , Thushara Mohanan , Shivaprasad S.
Published: September 2024

Background:

The periodontal management in patients affected by dental fluorosis and its effect on jawbone quality presents a blind spot due to a lack of knowledge.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to determine how dental fluorosis affects the periodontium in terms of cortical plate thickness, trabecular pattern, and bone density (BD), and the study compares patients with and without dental fluorosis who have periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

There were a total of 30 patients in each of both groups, nonfluorosed periodontitis and fluorosed periodontitis. The age group of 35–50 years belonged to both sexes. The clinical and radiographic characteristics (BD, trabecular pattern, and cortical plate thickness) of each group were assessed and evaluated.

Results:

Thicker buccal cortical plate was found in the fluorosed healthy group (1.1 mm). The BD of the fluorosed diseased group was found to be greater than that of the nonfluorosed diseased group. Significant differences between several trabecular patterns were visible in the trabecular pattern (P = 0.02). Nevertheless, both healthy (63%) and diseased (80%) fluorosed sites exhibited the most significant levels of thick dense pattern.

Conclusion:

The fluorosed and nonfluorosed groups had significantly different bone quality, according to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) results.
Factors associated with undertriage of trauma patients at level 1 trauma center
Authors: Al Babtain Ibrahim , Alnasser Mohammed , Dohaim Abrar Bin , Alomar Sahar Hammad
Published: September 2024

Background:

Applying American College of Surgeons Trauma Team Activation (TTA) criteria could improve trauma system outcomes and minimize both overtriage and undertriage of trauma patients. However, a percentage of trauma patients might slip through the system and become undertriaged.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to investigate factors related to undertriage of trauma patients at level 1 trauma center.

Design:

This was a retrospective cohort study.

Setting and Subjects:

We included all trauma patients at a level 1 trauma center from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019.

Methods and Main Outcome Measures:

We compared those who received TTA after 5 min of their arrival to emergency department (ED) (undertriaged cohort) to those who received no TTA (properly triaged cohort) in terms of demographic, anatomical, and physiological factors as well as injury severity assessment.

Results:

A total of 3740 trauma patients were included; 3330 (89%) were appropriately triaged and needed no TTA while 410 (10.9%) were undertriaged. In multivariate logistic regression model, the following factors were significantly associated with undertriage: arriving to ED in weekends (odd ratio, 1.417, confidence interval [CI] 95%, 1.047–1.916), motorcycle accidents (odds ratio, 3.709, 95% CI, 1.422–9.671), pedestrian victims (odds ratio, 7.477, 95% CI, 3.048–18.341), heart rate <60 (odds ratio, 2.657, 95% CI, 1.083–6.522), systolic blood pressure 76–89 (odds ratio, 4.235, 95% CI, 1.596–11.235), and Glasgow coma scale 9–12 (odds ratio, 4.365, 95% CI, 2.747–6.936).

Conclusion:

This study displayed different factors predictive of delayed TTA. Recognizing these factors could improve patient outcomes.

Limitations:

Poor prehospital documentation and communication from emergency medical services and a large number of missing data.