bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and thermodynamics of metal‐binding to histone deacetylase 8
Authors: Kim Byungchul , Pithadia Amit S. , Fierke Carol A.
Published: December 2014

Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) was originally classified as a Zn(II)‐dependent deacetylase on the basis of Zn(II)‐dependent HDAC8 activity in vitro and illumination of a Zn(II) bound to the active site. However, in vitro measurements demonstrated that HDAC8 has higher activity with a bound Fe(II) than Zn(II), although Fe(II)‐HDAC8 rapidly loses activity under aerobic conditions. These data suggest that in the cell HDAC8 could be activated by either Zn(II) or Fe(II). Here we detail the kinetics, thermodynamics, and selectivity of Zn(II) and Fe(II) binding to HDAC8. To this end, we have developed a fluorescence anisotropy assay using fluorescein‐labeled suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (fl‐SAHA). fl‐SAHA binds specifically to metal‐bound HDAC8 with affinities comparable to SAHA. To measure the metal affinity of HDAC, metal binding was coupled to fl‐SAHA and assayed from the observed change in anisotropy. The metal KD values for HDAC8 are significantly different, ranging from picomolar to micromolar for Zn(II) and Fe(II), respectively. Unexpectedly, the Fe(II) and Zn(II) dissociation rate constants from HDAC8 are comparable, koff ∼0.0006 s−1, suggesting that the apparent association rate constant for Fe(II) is slow (∼3 × 103 M−1 s−1). Furthermore, monovalent cations (K+ or Na+) that bind to HDAC8 decrease the dissociation rate constant of Zn(II) by ≥100‐fold for K+ and ≥10‐fold for Na+, suggesting a possible mechanism for regulating metal exchange in vivo. The HDAC8 metal affinities are comparable to the readily exchangeable Zn(II) and Fe(II) concentrations in cells, consistent with either or both metal cofactors activating HDAC8.
Role of membrane contact sites in protein import into mitochondria
Authors: Horvath Susanne E. , Rampelt Heike , Oeljeklaus Silke , Warscheid Bettina , van der Laan Martin , Pfanner Nikolaus
Published: December 2014

Mitochondria import more than 1,000 different proteins from the cytosol. The proteins are synthesized as precursors on cytosolic ribosomes and are translocated by protein transport machineries of the mitochondrial membranes. Five main pathways for protein import into mitochondria have been identified. Most pathways use the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) as the entry gate into mitochondria. Depending on specific signals contained in the precursors, the proteins are subsequently transferred to different intramitochondrial translocases. In this article, we discuss the connection between protein import and mitochondrial membrane architecture. Mitochondria possess two membranes. It is a long‐standing question how contact sites between outer and inner membranes are formed and which role the contact sites play in the translocation of precursor proteins. A major translocation contact site is formed between the TOM complex and the presequence translocase of the inner membrane (TIM23 complex), promoting transfer of presequence‐carrying preproteins to the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix. Recent findings led to the identification of contact sites that involve the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) of the inner membrane. MICOS plays a dual role. It is crucial for maintaining the inner membrane cristae architecture and forms contacts sites to the outer membrane that promote translocation of precursor proteins into the intermembrane space and outer membrane of mitochondria. The view is emerging that the mitochondrial protein translocases do not function as independent units, but are embedded in a network of interactions with machineries that control mitochondrial activity and architecture.
Glycerol transformation to value added C3 diols: reaction mechanism, kinetic, and engineering aspects
Authors: Vasiliadou Efterpi S. , Lemonidou Angeliki A.
Published: December 2014

Glycerol can serve as a starting material for the production of a variety of chemicals currently formed via fossil‐based routes. The selective hydro‐deoxygenation to C3‐diols is one of the most attractive methods for glycerol upgrading. 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Propanediols which are the target products of this reaction are high added value chemicals with a wide range of applications. The reaction mechanisms for both routes (1,2‐ and 1,3‐diols) are presented and analyzed including the strategies followed for mechanistic understanding. 1,2‐Propanediol is proposed to be formed via two mechanisms namely dehydration–hydrogenation and dehydrogenation‐dehydration–hydrogenation. The selective conversion of glycerol to 1,3‐propanediol is suggested to proceed through dehydration–hydrogenation and direct hydrogenolysis mechanisms. The reaction mechanism depends on various factors such as the catalyst formulation, acid and basic character of the system and the H2 origin. A section focusing on engineering issues describes and compares the reaction mode ie batch‐continuous and liquid–gas phase operation. The different reaction configurations have an impact mainly on product distribution and catalyst stability, which is greatly improved when continuous operation is applied. In addition, the impact of reaction temperature, hydrogen pressure, glycerol concentration as well as the reaction kinetics are also discussed. The approach of operating under inert conditions with H2 generated in situ seems to be a very promising concept for process intensification. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:486–520. doi: 10.1002/wene.159

This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Science and Materials
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Luminescent Property and Anti‐esophageal Tumor Activity of Dinuclear Zinc Complex Based on meso‐1,2,3,4‐Tetra(1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)butane
Authors: Pan Rong‐Kai , Liu Sheng‐Gui , Wang Shao‐Xiang , Li Guo‐Bi , Su Wen‐Yi , Huang Qian‐Wen , He Ya‐Mei
Published: December 2014

The complex [Zn2(tbb)Cl4]·4DMF [tbb = meso‐1,2,3,4‐tetra(1H–benzo‐[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)butane] was synthesized and characterized by X‐ray single crystal structure analyses [C44H54N12Cl4O4Zn2, Mr = 1087.53, crystal system, monoclinic, space group, P21/n, a = 9.2307(12), b = 11.3748(14), c = 23.874(3) Å, β = 90.480(2)°]. In the complex, one meso‐1,2,3,4‐tetra(1H‐benzo‐[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)butane coordinates two zinc ions. Both the zinc ions are coordinated in a tetrahedral fashion by two nitrogen atoms of tbb and two chloride ions. The complex emits blue luminescence in DMF solution and exhibits inhibition on the growth of Eca109 cancer cell with IC50 of 22.1 ± 6.7 μM, which was lower than that of cisplatin (62.5 ± 12.4 μM) and ligand (tbb) (24.7 ± 7.8 μM). This complex has potential application in treatment of esophageal cancer.
Structural, Luminescence, and Electronic Properties of Potassium Holmium Cyclotetraphosphate KHoP4O12: Experiment and Theory
Authors: Zhu Jing , Qian Wei , Zhu Zhongqi , Chen Hui
Published: December 2014

The chemical preparation, structure, luminescence, and electronic properties are given for a new potassium holmium cyclotetraphosphate KHoP4O12, a promising optics material for applications. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the newly synthesized compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group C2/c and Z = 4. [P4O12]4– anionic rings and HoO8 polyhedra display a three‐dimensional (3D) framework by corner‐sharing. The ten‐coordinated potassium atoms are located in the delimited tunnels. KHoP4O12 exhibits the blue light emission under the excitation of 330 nm. To gain further insights into electronic properties of crystal KHoP4O12, theoretical calculation based on density functional theory (DFT) was performed using the total‐energy code CASTEP with the LDA + U approach. The calculated bandgap with U = 3.0–3.5 eV is in good agreement with the experimental measurement.
Implications of the Notch1‐Snail/Slug‐epithelial to mesenchymal transition axis for lymph node metastasis in infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Authors: Cao Yu‐Wen , Wan Guo‐Xing , Sun Jian‐Ping , Cui Xiao‐Bin , Hu Jian‐Ming , Liang Wei‐Hua , Zheng Yu‐Qin , Li Wen‐Qin , Li Feng
Published: December 2014

Emerging evidence suggests that activation of the Notch1 signaling pathway inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated by Snail/Slug promotes invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro. However, the implication of the Notch1‐Snail/Slug‐EMT axis in breast cancer patients remains unclear. A total of 200 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and 37 adjacent non‐neoplastic tissue (ANNT) samples from patients who had not been treated with neoadjuvant therapy were examined. Expression of Notch1, Slug, Snail, E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, and vimentin was determined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMAs). The correlation between protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer patients was also evaluated. Results showed that a significantly high percentage of cases with high expression of Notch1 (74%, 148/200), Slug (36%, 72/200), Snail (62%, 124/200), and N‐cadherin (77%, 153/200) and a low percentage of cases with high expression of E‐cadherin (27%, 54/200) were observed in IDC compared to those in ANNTs. High Notch1, Slug, Snail, and N‐cadherin expression and low E‐cadherin expression in patients with IDC were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. In addition, correlation analysis results revealed that high Notch1 expression was significantly associated with high Slug, Snail, and N‐cadherin expression and low E‐cadherin expression in IDC. Furthermore, a high Snail expression was significantly associated with low E‐cadherin expression, and a high Slug expression was found to be significantly associated with increased N‐cadherin expression in patients with IDC. Hence, our study suggested that the Notch1‐Snail/Slug‐EMT axis may be implicated in the lymph node metastasis affecting patients with IDC.
Directly dated MIS 3 Lake-Level Record from Lake Manix, Mojave Desert, California, USA
Authors: Reheis Marith C. , Miller David M. , McGeehin John P. , Redwine Joanna R. , Oviatt Charles G. , Bright Jordon
Published: December 2014

An outcrop-based lake-level curve, constrained by ~ 70 calibrated14C ages onAnodontashells, indicates at least 8 highstands between 45 and 25 cal ka BP within 10 m of the 543-m upper threshold of Lake Manix in the Mojave Desert of southern California. Correlations of Manix highstands with ice, marine, and speleothem records suggest that at least the youngest three highstands coincide with Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) stadials and Heinrich events 3 and 4. The lake-level record is consistent with results from speleothem studies in the Southwest that indicate cool wet conditions during D–O stadials. Notably, highstands between 43 and 25 ka apparently occurred at times of generally low levels of pluvial lakes farther north as interpreted from core-based proxies. Mojave lakes may have been supported by tropical moisture sources during oxygen-isotope stage 3, perhaps controlled by southerly deflection of Pacific storm tracks due to weakening of the sea-surface temperature gradient in response to North Atlantic climate perturbations.
A History of Tort Law 1900–1950
Authors: Mitchell Paul
Published: December 2014

Many of the defining features of the modern law of tort can be traced to the first half of the twentieth century, but, until now, developments in that period have never received a dedicated historical examination. This book examines both common law and statutory innovations, paying special attention to underlying assumptions about the operation of society, the function of tort law, and the roles of those involved in legal changes. It recovers the legal and social contexts in which some landmark decisions were given (and which puts those decisions in a very different light) and draws attention to significant and suggestive cases that have fallen into neglect. It also explores the theoretical debates of the period about the nature of tort law, and reveals the fascinating patterns of influence and power at work behind statutory initiatives to reform the law.
The Origin of Roman London
Authors: Wallace Lacey M.
Published: December 2014

In this book Dr Wallace makes a fundamental contribution to the study of urbanism in the Roman provinces. She attempts for the first time to present a detailed archaeological account of the first decade of one of the best-excavated cities in the Roman Empire. Delving into the artefact and structural reports from all excavations of pre-Boudican levels in London, she brings together vast quantities of data which are discussed and illustrated according to a novel methodology that address both the difficulties and complexity of 'grey literature' and urban excavation.
Young People Transitioning from Out-of-home Care and Access to Higher Education: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Mendes Philip , Michell Dee , Wilson Jacqueline Z.
Published: December 2014

Young people transitioning from out-of-home care are known to have poor educational outcomes compared to their non-care peers. Yet little is known about the experiences or needs of the small numbers of Australian care leavers who enter higher education. This article critically examines existing Australian and international research on the access of care leavers to higher education. A group of pre-care, in-care, transition from care and post-care factors are identified as either hindering or assisting care leavers to maximise their educational opportunities. Some specific policy and practice reforms are recommended to enhance opportunities for Australian care leavers to participate in and complete higher education.
“The Way All Foster Care Should Be”: The Experience of Therapeutic Foster Carers in the Victorian Circle Program
Authors: Frederico Margarita , Long Maureen , McNamara Patricia , McPherson Lynne
Published: December 2014

Central to the success of therapeutic foster care (TFC) is the quality and stability of the relationship between the child and carer. This key relationship may, from a therapeutic perspective, facilitate healing by addressing the impact of complex developmental trauma experienced by the child who has been placed in care. Stability of the carer–child relationship is critical in this context. Therapeutic carers have been shown to be significantly more likely to remain in the role of carer than their counterparts in mainstream foster care. The research reported on in this paper draws upon findings from an evaluation of a TFC programme and gives voice to the Circle Carers, presenting the components of TFC which are important to them. The paper commences with the story of Ruby in TFC as told by a carer. The focus then becomes a detailed exploration of the experience of carers and their capacity to care. Implications for practice are identified.
Stability analysis of the elliptic cylinder wake
Authors: Leontini Justin S. , Lo Jacono David , Thompson Mark C.
Published: December 2014

This paper presents the results of numerical stability analysis of the wake of an elliptical cylinder. Aspect ratios where the ellipse is longer in the streamwise direction than in the transverse direction are considered. The focus is on the dependence on the aspect ratio of the ellipse of the various bifurcations to three-dimensional flow from the two-dimensional Kármán vortex street. It is shown that the three modes present in the wake of a circular cylinder (modes A, B and QP) are present in the ellipse wake, and that in general they are all stabilized by increasing the aspect ratio of the ellipse. Two new pertinent modes are found: one long-wavelength mode with similarities to mode A, and a second that is only unstable for aspect ratios greater than approximately 1.75, which has similar spatiotemporal symmetries to mode B but has a distinct spatial structure. Results from fully three-dimensional simulations are also presented confirming the existence and growth of these two new modes in the saturated wakes.
Predicting real-time adaptive performance in a dynamic decision-making context
Authors: Good Darren
Published: December 2014

Individuals in organizations must frequently enact a series of ongoing decisions in real-time dynamic contexts. Despite the increasing need for individuals to manage dynamic decision-making demands, we still understand little about individual differences impacting performance in these environments. This paper proposes a new construct applicable to adaptation in such real-time dynamic environments. Cognitive agility is a formative construct measuring the individual capacity to exhibit cognitive flexibility, cognitive openness and focused attention. This study predicts that cognitive agility will impact adaptive performance in a real-time dynamic decision-making microworld computer game called the Networked Fire Chief; a simulation developed to study and train Australian fire fighters. Cognitive agility, operationalized through three distinct methods (performance measures, self-reports and external-rater reports), explained unique variance beyond measures of general intelligence on the total score of adaptive performance in the microworld.
SPARSE SPARTAN VERSE: FILLING GAPS IN THE THERMOPYLAE EPIGRAM
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis
Published: December 2014

In theApophthegmata Laconica, a collection of witty exchanges that highlight the shrewdness of Laconian brevity, we read the following story. An Argive once taunted a Spartan by pointing out the multitude of Spartan tombs in Argive territory. The Spartan retorted that, by contrast, not a single Argive tomb could be found in Sparta. The author of the Plutarchan tale comments that the Spartan insinuated that, while his people had repeatedly invaded Argos, the Argives had never set foot on Sparta (Mor.233c; cf.Vit. Ages.31.6). Besides attesting to the sharp wit of Laconian concision, the story is a good example of how easily a soldier's tomb can serve different national agendas. While the presence of Spartan dead in Argos is a source of pride for the Argives, from another point of view it can be read as a sign of Spartan military prowess. The Greek word σῆμα (‘tomb’) speaks for the crucial role of semiotics in interpreting the semantics of military monuments. The tomb is a sign that needs to be decoded; only more often than not there is more than one way of deciphering it.
Contract, Work, and Resistance: Boatmen in Early Colonial Eastern India, 1760s–1850s
Authors: Sinha Nitin
Published: December 2014

In the period between the 1760s and the 1850s boatmen were the most important transport workers in early colonial eastern India, at least numerically. Unfortunately, they have received little scholarly attention so far. By looking at the regime of work, which surprisingly had strong bases in the notion of contract from as early as the 1770s, this article explores the nature of work, work organization, and resistance by boatmen. It argues that although work was structured according to the wage or hire-based (thika) contract regime, the social, political, and ecological conditions in which contract operated were equally crucial. The centrality of contract was premised upon how effectively it was enforceable and, in fact, historically enforced. Boatmen being one of the most important “native” groups with which the British were left on their often long journeys, this article suggests that contract helps to understand the formal “structure of work”, and the minute details of the journey help to understand the “world of work”, of which clandestine trade, weather, wind, rain, torrents, tracking, mooring, internal squabbling, and, not least, preparing food were some of the main components.
Joint effects of gray matter atrophy and altered functional connectivity on cognitive deficits in amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients
Authors: Xie C. , Bai F. , Yuan B. , Yu H. , Shi Y. , Yuan Y. , Wu D. , Zhang Z.-S. , Zhang Z.-J.
Published: December 2014

Background

Gray matter (GM) atrophy and disrupted intrinsic functional connectivity (IFC) are often present in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which shows high risk of developing into Alzheimer's disease. Little is known, however, about the relationship between GM atrophy and altered IFC, and whether they are related to cognitive decline.

Method

A total of 30 aMCI and 26 cognitively normal (CN) subjects were recruited for this study. Optimized voxel-based morphometric and resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging approaches were performed to measure the GM volumes (GMVs) and atrophy-related IFC, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of GM atrophy and IFC on cognitive performance across subjects, after controlling for the effects of age, education, gender and group.

Results

Compared with CN subjects, aMCI subjects showed significantly reduced GMVs and decreased IFC in the frontal-parietal and medial temporal lobe systems. Multivariate regression analysis further demonstrated that the GMVs and decreased IFC simultaneously affected the cognitive function. Specifically, GMVs were positively correlated with cognitive performances, including global cognition and episodic memory, and showed a strong trend in correlation between GMVs and non-episodic memory, whilst IFC was positively correlated with the above three cognitive measures, across all subjects. In addition, significant correlation was found between GMVs and altered IFC strength across all subjects.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated that GMVs and IFC jointly contribute to cognitive performance, and combining quantitative information about GMVs and the strength of functional connectivity may serve as an indicator of cognitive deficits in non-demented elderly.
Positive association between Bromelia balansae (Bromeliaceae) and tree seedlings on rocky outcrops of Atlantic forest
Authors: Rocha Fernando Souza , Duarte Leandro da Silva , Waechter Jorge Luiz
Published: December 2014

Plant facilitation can improve the diversity of plant communities in several ecosystems, especially in stressful environments. The establishment of tree species on rocky outcrops can be limited by several biotic and abiotic factors. The richness and abundance of forest trees species on rocky outcrops surrounded by a large forest remnant in south Brazil were correlated with the cover of Bromelia balansae, a spiny stoloniferous species commonly occurring at forest–grassland transitions. Sixty plots were established on three flat rocky outcrops (20 in each). In each plot the coverage of bromeliads was estimated into three classes (0%, 1–50% and 51–100%) and all seedlings (individuals 10–30 cm in height) were counted and identified. ANOVAs with randomization tests were performed to establish the effect of different bromeliad cover classes on the richness and abundance of seedlings. The cover of bromeliads was positively related to the richness and abundance of young pioneer tree species. Evidence suggests that B. balansae can act as a nurse plant for tree seedlings, but manipulative experiments are needed to confirm this.
Gorenstein-duality for one-dimensional almost complete intersections – with an application to non-isolated real singularities
Authors: VAN STRATEN DUCO , WARMT THORSTEN
Published: December 2014

We give a generalisation of the duality of a zero-dimensional complete intersection for the case of one-dimensional almost complete intersections, which results in a Gorenstein module M = I/J. In the real case the resulting pairing has a signature, which we show to be constant under flat deformations. In the special case of a non-isolated real hypersurface singularity f, with a one-dimensional critical locus, we relate the signature on the Jacobian module I/Jf to the Euler characteristic of the positive and negative Milnor fibre, generalising the result for isolated critical points. An application to real curves in ℙ2(ℝ) of even degree is given.
VI—Formulæ and Scheme of Calculation for the Development of a Function of Two Variables in Spherical Harmonics
Authors: Bauschinger T. , Knott C. G.
Published: December 2014

When a function has been expressed as a series of spherical harmonics with constant coefficients, the determination of these coefficients from given values of the function is in the general case one of the most complicated operations which can be set before the calculator.

Since Gauss first carried out these operations in a calculation of this kind, efforts have not been wanting to simplify them and make their frequent application possible. The most successful of all in this respect was Franz Neumann, who showed that by a suitable choice of the argument the calculation could be materially shortened.
Die Früherkennung von Problemspielern: Entwicklung eines Screening-Instrumentes
Authors: Hayer Tobias , Kalke Jens , Buth Sven , Meyer Gerhard
Published: December 2014

Einführung: Nach aktuellen rechtlichen Bestimmungen ist das Personal von Spielhallen in der Früherkennung problematischen Spielverhaltens zu schulen. Bisher werden von den Schulungsinstitutionen allerdings sehr heterogene und wissenschaftlich nicht überprüfte Checklisten eingesetzt. Zielsetzung: Das Forschungsprojekt verfolgte das Ziel, in einem systematischen Entwicklungsprozess ein empiriegestütztes Früherkennungsinstrument zu konzipieren, das einerseits die wichtigsten psychometrischen Gütekriterien erfüllt und gleichzeitig anwenderfreundlich sowie praxistauglich ist. Forschungsdesign: Das Instrument wurde in einem komplexen methodischen Prozess entwickelt, der im Kern folgende, aufeinander aufbauende Einzelschritte umfasst: Literaturrecherche, qualitative Interviews, Fokusgruppen-Gespräche, Befragung von Spielern und Spielstättenpersonal. Im Verlauf dieses Prozesses ließ sich der Item-Pool von 71 auf 18 Kriterien reduzieren. Ergebnis: Das Früherkennungsinstrument besteht aus insgesamt 18 Beobachtungsmerkmalen, die in erster Linie eine Kombination aus Kriterien der Verhaltensänderung, des aktuellen (Spiel‐)Verhaltens und des Umgangs mit Geld darstellen. Ausblick: Das Instrument müsste zukünftig in einem Praxistest mit einer angemessenen Stichprobengröße validiert werden. Zudem ist es erforderlich, die bisher in der Praxis angewendeten heterogenen Kriterienkataloge weiter zu vereinheitlichen.
A Winogradsky-based culture system shows an association between microbial fermentation and cystic fibrosis exacerbation
Authors: Quinn Robert A , Whiteson Katrine , Lim Yan-Wei , Salamon Peter , Bailey Barbara , Mienardi Simone , Sanchez Savannah E , Blake Don , Conrad Doug , Rohwer Forest
Published: December 2014

There is a poor understanding of how the physiology of polymicrobial communities in cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs contributes to pulmonary exacerbations and lung function decline. In this study, a microbial culture system based on the principles of the Winogradsky column (WinCF system) was developed to study the physiology of CF microbes. The system used glass capillary tubes filled with artificial sputum medium to mimic a clogged airway bronchiole. Chemical indicators were added to observe microbial physiology within the tubes. Characterization of sputum samples from seven patients showed variation in pH, respiration, biofilm formation and gas production, indicating that the physiology of CF microbial communities varied among patients. Incubation of homogenized tissues from an explant CF lung mirrored responses of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa pure culture, supporting evidence that end-stage lungs are dominated by this pathogen. Longitudinal sputum samples taken through two exacerbation events in a single patient showed that a two-unit drop in pH and a 30% increase in gas production occurred in the tubes prior to exacerbation, which was reversed with antibiotic treatment. Microbial community profiles obtained through amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that fermentative anaerobes became more abundant during exacerbation and were then reduced during treatment where P. aeruginosa became the dominant bacterium. Results from the WinCF experiments support the model where two functionally different CF microbial communities exist, the persistent Climax Community and the acute Attack Community. Fermentative anaerobes are hypothesized to be the core members of the Attack Community and production of acidic and gaseous products from fermentation may drive developing exacerbations. Treatment targeting the Attack Community may better resolve exacerbations and resulting lung damage.
Bacteria can mobilize nematode-trapping fungi to kill nematodes
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Guo-Hong , Zou Cheng-Gang , Ji Xing-Lai , Liu Tong , Zhao Pei-Ji , Liang Lian-Ming , Xu Jian-Ping , An Zhi-Qiang , Zheng Xi , Qin Yue-Ke , Tian Meng-Qing , Xu You-Yao , Ma Yi-Cheng , Yu Ze-Fen , Huang Xiao-Wei , Liu Shu-Qun , Niu Xue-Mei , Yang Jin-Kui , Huang Ying , Zhang Ke-Qin
Published: December 2014

In their natural habitat, bacteria are consumed by bacterivorous nematodes; however, they are not simply passive preys. Here we report a defensive mechanism used by certain bacteria to mobilize nematode-trapping fungi to kill nematodes. These bacteria release urea, which triggers a lifestyle switch in the fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora from saprophytic to nematode–predatory form; this predacious form is characterized by formation of specialized cellular structures or ‘traps’. The bacteria significantly promote the elimination of nematodes by A. oligospora. Disruption of genes involved in urea transport and metabolism in A. oligospora abolishes the urea-induced trap formation. Furthermore, the urea metabolite ammonia functions as a signal molecule in the fungus to initiate the lifestyle switch to form trap structures. Our findings highlight the importance of multiple predator–prey interactions in prey defense mechanisms.
Massively Sub-wavelength Guiding of Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Hooper I. R. , Tremain B. , Dockrey J. A. , Hibbins A. P.
Published: December 2014

Recently a new form of ultra-thin flexible waveguide consisting of a conducting comb-like structure with a thickness of the order of 1/600th of the operating wavelength was presented. However, whilst the thickness of the guide was massively sub-wavelength, the remaining dimensions (the height and period of the comb) were much longer. In this paper we propose and experimentally verify, that a modified guiding geometry consisting of a chain of ultra-thin conducting spirals allows guiding of electromagnetic waves with wavelengths that are many times (40+) longer than any characteristic dimension of the guide, enabling super-sub-wavelength guiding and localisation of electromagnetic energy.
Electrochemical investigation and stripping voltammetric determination of captopril at CuO nanoparticles/multi-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposite electrode in tablet and urine samples
Authors: Zargar Behrooz , Parham Hooshang , Hatamie Amir
Published: December 2014

Determinations of captopril were made using a nanocomposite electrode modified with CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
Evaluation of dense collagen matrices as medicated wound dressing for the treatment of cutaneous chronic wounds
Authors: Helary Christophe , Abed Aicha , Mosser Gervaise , Louedec Liliane , Letourneur Didier , Coradin Thibaud , Giraud-Guille Marie Madeleine , Meddahi-Pellé Anne
Published: December 2014

Dense collagen matrices possess high physical properties and allows for the antibiotic release over three days. These biomaterials are promising for an application as medicated wound dressing.
Neptunyl(vi) centred visible LMCT emission directly observable in the presence of uranyl(vi)
Authors: Woodall Sean D. , Swinburne Adam N. , lal Banik Nidhu , Kerridge Andrew , Di Pietro Poppy , Adam Christian , Kaden Peter , Natrajan Louise S.
Published: December 2014

The room temperature detection of neptunyl(vi) LMCT emission in a coordination compound and in the presence of uranyl(vi) is reported for the first time. Differences in the excitation profile of each complex enables spectral editing of the neptunyl(vi) and uranyl(vi) emission.
Facile fabrication of urchin-like hollow boehmite and alumina microspheres with a hierarchical structure via Triton X-100 assisted hydrothermal synthesis
Authors: Huang Huihui , Wang Lei , Cai Yuan , Zhou Caicheng , Yuan Yuewei , Zhang Xiaojun , Wan Hui , Guan Guofeng
Published: December 2014

Urchin-like hollow boehmite and alumina microspheres were fabricated via Triton X-100 assisted hydrothermal synthesis.
Solvent-assisted construction of diverse Mg-TDC coordination polymers
Authors: Song Ying , Feng Mei-Ling , Wu Zhao-Feng , Huang Xiao-Ying
Published: December 2014

Four Mg-TDC CPs have been isolated solvothermally in which the solvent molecules play vital roles in constructing the diverse structures.
The adsorption of a mixture of particles with non-additive interactions: a Monte Carlo study
Authors: Pinto O. A. , Pasinetti P. M. , Ramirez-Pastor A. J. , Nieto F. D.
Published: December 2014

The adsorption of binary mixtures with non-additive lateral interactions has been studied through grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations in the framework of the lattice-gas model.
Photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical studies of anion–π interactions: binding strength and anion specificity
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhou Bin , Sun Zhen-Rong , Wang Xue-Bin
Published: December 2014

Direct experimental measurements of non-covalent interactions between various anions and a π-electron-deficient cavity show significant binding strength and anion specificity.
Nature of aryl–tyrosine interactions contribute to β-hairpin scaffold stability: NMR evidence for alternate ring geometry
Authors: Makwana Kamlesh Madhusudan , Mahalakshmi Radhakrishnan
Published: December 2014

Interacting aryl–Tyr pairs in octapeptide β-hairpins display alternate aryl ring geometries stabilized by favourable local interactions and result in signature anomalous NMR resonance(s).
An equation to calculate internuclear distances of covalent, ionic and metallic lattices
Authors: Lang Peter F. , Smith Barry C.
Published: December 2014

Simple equations calculating accurately internuclear distances of ionic (radii derived from metallic structure), covalent and metallic lattices are proposed.
Switchable platinum-based tweezers with Pt–Pt bonding and selective luminescence quenching
Authors: Doistau Benjamin , Rossi-Gendron Caroline , Tron Arnaud , McClenaghan Nathan D. , Chamoreau Lise-Marie , Hasenknopf Bernold , Vives Guillaume
Published: December 2014

Molecular tweezers incorporating peripheral platinum salphen complexes and a central chelating terpyridine group have been synthesized and their switching and photophysical response to metal ions studied.
Oxidative addition of SiH4and GeH4to Ir(PPh3)2(CO)Cl: structural and spectroscopic evidence for the formation of products derived from cis oxidative addition
Authors: Zuzek Ashley A. , Parkin Gerard
Published: December 2014

Oxidative addition of SiH4and GeH4to Vaska's compound occurs in acismanner but two isomers can be obtained according to whether H istransto CO or Cl. Only the isomer with Htransto CO is observed for SiH4, whereas both isomers are observed for GeH4.
Quadrupole LA-ICP-MS U/Pb geochronology of baddeleyite single crystals
Authors: Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser Cora C. , Söderlund Ulf , Pease Victoria , Nilsson Mimmi K. M.
Published: December 2014

We present a straightforward method for accurate and precise U/Pb dating of baddeleyite using quadrupole LA-ICP-MS.
Chemically induced coalescence in droplet-based microfluidics
Authors: Akartuna Ilke , Aubrecht Donald M. , Kodger Thomas E. , Weitz David A.
Published: December 2014

Controlled coalescence of droplet pairs in a microfluidic device is achieved by interfacial cohesion through the addition of an alcohol.
Rapid imaging, detection and quantification of Giardia lamblia cysts using mobile-phone based fluorescent microscopy and machine learning
Authors: Koydemir Hatice Ceylan , Gorocs Zoltan , Tseng Derek , Cortazar Bingen , Feng Steve , Chan Raymond Yan Lok , Burbano Jordi , McLeod Euan , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: December 2014

We report a mobile-phone based fluorescent microscope that uses machine learning to rapidly image, detect and quantify Giardia lamblia cysts in water samples.
Co3O4–CNT nanocomposites: a powerful, reusable, and stable catalyst for sonochemical synthesis of polyhydroquinolines
Authors: Zarnegar Zohre , Safari Javad , Kafroudi Zahra Mansouri
Published: December 2014

Application of the ultrasound process in the facile synthesis of polyhydroquinolines catalyzed by Co3O4–CNT nanocomposites is a standard technology.
Nanocapsules for 5-fluorouracil delivery decorated with a poly(2-ethylhexyl methacrylate-co-7-(4-trifluoromethyl)coumarin acrylamide) cross-linked wall
Authors: Sierant M. , Kazmierski S. , Rozanski A. , Paluch P. , Bienias U. , Miksa B. J.
Published: December 2014

Nanocapsules with reverse cross-linked polymer walls containing coumarin moieties are capable of encapsulating 5-fluorouracil and accomplishing a comprehensive strategy in a drug delivery system.
Enantioselective carbolithiation of S-alkenyl-N-aryl thiocarbamates: kinetic and thermodynamic control
Authors: Castagnolo Daniele , Degennaro Leonardo , Luisi Renzo , Clayden Jonathan
Published: December 2014

Carbolithiation of vinyl thiocarbamates may proceed with the same sense of enantioselectivity with either (−)-sparteine and (+)-sparteine surrogate ligands.
Investigations on the development of MCM-41 as a potential mesoporous silica based reference material for the analysis of multi-textural properties
Authors: Sudheesh N. , Vasudevan Manu , Mody Haresh M. , Bajaj Hari C. , Shukla Ram S.
Published: December 2014

MCM-41 is studied for its stability and durability over a period of one year by XRD and surface area analysis. It may be developed as a potential analytical standard for the calibration of porosimeters.
Aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane-ureas and polyureas synthesized through a non-isocyanate route
Authors: Li Suqing , Zhao Jingbo , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhang Junying , Yang Wantai
Published: December 2014

Aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane-ureas and polyureas were prepared through a non-isocyanate route via direct melt transurethane polycondensation of diamines with diurethanediols.
Silica nanofibrous membranes with ultra-softness and enhanced tensile strength for thermal insulation
Authors: Si Yinsong , Mao Xue , Zheng Hongxia , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: December 2014

Novel silica nanofibrous membranes with ultra-softness of 40 mN and enhanced tensile strength of 5.5 MPa were prepared for the first time via an electrospinning process, which exhibited an ultra-low thermal conductivity of 0.0058 W m−1 K−1.
Efficient improvement of photoelectrochemical activity for multiple semiconductor (CdS/PbS/ZnS) co-sensitized TiO2 photoelectrodes by hydrogen treatment
Authors: Ding Dong , Chen Yanli , Lv Pin , Yao Huizhen , Mu Yannan , Su Shi , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhou Liying , Fu Wuyou , Yang Haibin
Published: December 2014

In the present work we report a simple and viable approach to improve the photoelectrochemical activity of TiO2 photoelectrodes.
Using deep eutectic solvents to improve the resolution of racemic 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol through Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061 cell-mediated asymmetric oxidation
Authors: Xu Pei , Cheng Jing , Lou Wen-Yong , Zong Min-Hua
Published: December 2014

The DES [ChCl][Gly] could significantly enhance the efficiency of resolution of racemic MOPE to obtain (S)-MOPE using immobilized Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061 cells.
Photoactive rare earth complexes for fluorescence tuning and sensing cations (Fe3+) and anions (Cr2O72−)
Authors: Shen Xiang , Yan Bing
Published: December 2014

A series of photoactive rare earth coordination polymer materials RE/Ad/BPDC (Ad = adeninate, BPDC = biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate) with tunable multi-color luminescence are synthesized. Y0.99Eu0.01/Ad/BPDC has a selective fluorescence quenching effect for Fe3+and Cr2O72−.
Correction: A continuous flow microfluidic-MS system for efficient OBOC screening
Authors: Wang Weizhi , Wei Zewen , Wang Zihua , Ma Huailei , Bu Xiangli , Hu Zhiyuan
Published: December 2014

Correction for ‘A continuous flow microfluidic-MS system for efficient OBOC screening’ by Weizhi Wang et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 61767–61770.
Highly porous and photoluminescent pyrene-quinoxaline-derived benzimidazole-linked polymers
Authors: Altarawneh Suha , Nahar Lamia , Arachchige Indika U. , El-Ballouli Ala'a O. , Hallal Kassem M. , Kaafarani Bilal R. , Rabbani Mohammad Gulam , Arvapally Ravi K. , El-Kaderi Hani M.
Published: December 2014

Successful incorporation of pyrene-quinoxaline building units into benzimidazole-linked polymers leads to highly porous frameworks that are semiconducting and photoluminescent.
Synthesis and characterization of crosslink-free highly sulfonated multi-block poly(arylene ether sulfone) multi-block membranes for fuel cells
Authors: Lee Sojeong , Ann Jinju , Lee Hyejin , Kim Joon-Hee , Kim Chang-Soo , Yang Tae-Hyun , Bae Byungchan
Published: December 2014

Highly sulfonated hydrophilic block polymers were designed and the resultant block membrane showed very high proton conductivity even under low RH.
Nanoporous hexagonal TiO2 superstructure as a multifunctional material for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Lee Eun Joo , Nam Inho , Yi Jongheop , Bang Jin Ho
Published: December 2014

A new, exotic nanostructured TiO2 is employed as an advanced electrode material for energy applications.
Differential calcium handling by the cis and trans regions of the Golgi apparatus
Authors: Aulestia Francisco J. , Alonso María Teresa , García-Sancho Javier
Published: December 2014

High Ca2+ content in the Golgi apparatus (Go) is essential for protein processing and sorting. In addition, the Go can shape the cytosolic Ca2+ signals by releasing or sequestering Ca2+. We generated two new aequorin-based Ca2+ probes to specifically measure Ca2+ in the cis/cis-to-medial-Go (cGo) or the trans-Go (tGo). Ca2+ homoeostasis in these compartments and in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been studied and compared. Moreover, the relative size of each subcompartment was estimated from aequorin consumption. We found that the cGo accumulates Ca2+ to high concentrations (150–300 μM) through the sarco plasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). The tGo, in turn, is divided into two subcompartments: tGo1 and tGo2. The subcompartment tGo1 contains 20% of the aequorin and has a high internal [Ca2+]; Ca2+ is accumulated in this subcompartment via the secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase 1 (SPCA-1) at a very high affinity (K50=30 nM). The subcompartment tGo2 contains 80% of aequorin, has a lower [Ca2+] and no SPCA-1 activity; Ca2+ uptake happens through SERCA and is slower than in tGo1. The two tGo subcompartments, tGo1 and tGo2, are diffusionally isolated. Inositol trisphosphate mobilizes Ca2+ from the cGo and tGo2, but not from tGo1, whereas caffeine releases Ca2+ from all the Golgi regions, and nicotinic acid dinucleotide phosphate and cADP ribose from none.
Graphene-wrapped sulfur/metal organic framework-derived microporous carbon composite for lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Chen Renjie , Zhao Teng , Tian Tian , Cao Shuai , Coxon Paul R. , Xi Kai , Fairen-Jimenez David , Vasant Kumar R. , Cheetham Anthony K.
Published: December 2014

A three-dimensional hierarchical sandwich-type graphene sheet-sulfur/carbon (GS-S/CZIF8-D) composite for use in a cathode for a lithium sulfur (Li-S) battery has been prepared by an ultrasonic method. The microporous carbon host was prepared by a one-step pyrolysis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8), a typical zinc-containing metal organic framework (MOF), which offers a tunable porous structure into which electro-active sulfur can be diffused. The thin graphene sheet, wrapped around the sulfur/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 derived carbon (S/CZIF8-D) composite, has excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical flexibility, thus facilitating rapid electron transport and accommodating the changes in volume of the sulfur electrode. Compared with the S/CZIF8-D sample, Li-S batteries with the GS-S/CZIF8-D composite cathode showed enhanced capacity, improved electrochemical stability, and relatively high columbic efficiency by taking advantage of the synergistic effects of the microporous carbon from ZIF-8 and a highly interconnected graphene network. Our results demonstrate that a porous MOF-derived scaffold with a wrapped graphene conductive network structure is a potentially efficient design for a battery electrode that can meet the challenge arising from low conductivity and volume change.
Dimensional regularization in position space and a Forest Formula for Epstein-Glaser renormalization
Authors: Dütsch Michael , Fredenhagen Klaus , Keller Kai Johannes , Rejzner Katarzyna
Published: December 2014

We reformulate dimensional regularization as a regularization method in position space and show that it can be used to give a closed expression for the renormalized time-ordered products as solutions to the induction scheme of Epstein-Glaser. This closed expression, which we call the Epstein-Glaser Forest Formula, is analogous to Zimmermann’s Forest Formula for BPH renormalization. For scalar fields, the resulting renormalization method is always applicable, we compute several examples. We also analyze the Hopf algebraic aspects of the combinatorics. Our starting point is the Main Theorem of Renormalization of Stora and Popineau and the arising renormalization group as originally defined by Stückelberg and Petermann.
Time-resolved photoemission apparatus achieving sub-20-meV energy resolution and high stability
Authors: Ishida Y. , Togashi T. , Yamamoto K. , Tanaka M. , Kiss T. , Otsu T. , Kobayashi Y. , Shin S.
Published: December 2014

The paper describes a time- and angle-resolved photoemission apparatus consisting of a hemispherical analyzer and a pulsed laser source. We demonstrate 1.48-eV pump and 5.92-eV probe measurements at the ⩾10.5-meV and ⩾240-fs resolutions by use of fairly monochromatic 170-fs pulses delivered from a regeneratively amplified Ti:sapphire laser system operating typically at 250 kHz. The apparatus is capable to resolve the optically filled superconducting peak in the unoccupied states of a cuprate superconductor, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + δ. A dataset recorded on Bi(111) surface is also presented. Technical descriptions include the followings: A simple procedure to fine-tune the spatio-temporal overlap of the pump-and-probe beams and their diameters; achieving a long-term stability of the system that enables a normalization-free dataset acquisition; changing the repetition rate by utilizing acoustic optical modulator and frequency-division circuit.
Static electric dipole polarizabilities of An5+/6+ and AnO2+/2+ (An = U, Np, and Pu) ions
Authors: Parmar Payal , Peterson Kirk A. , Clark Aurora E.
Published: December 2014

The parallel components of static electric dipole polarizabilities have been calculated for the lowest lying spin-orbit states of the penta- and hexavalent oxidation states of the actinides (An) U, Np, and Pu, in both their atomic and molecular diyl ion forms (An5+/6+ and AnO2+/2+) using the numerical finite-field technique within a four-component relativistic framework. The four-component Dirac-Hartree-Fock method formed the reference for MP2 and CCSD(T) calculations, while multireference Fock space coupled-cluster (FSCC), intermediate Hamiltonian Fock space coupled-cluster (IH-FSCC) and Kramers restricted configuration interaction (KRCI) methods were used to incorporate additional electron correlation. It is observed that electron correlation has significant (∼5 a.u.3) impact upon the parallel component of the polarizabilities of the diyls. To the best of our knowledge, these quantities have not been previously reported and they can serve as reference values in the determination of various electronic and response properties (for example intermolecular forces, optical properties, etc.) relevant to the nuclear fuel cycle and material science applications. The highest quality numbers for the parallel components (αzz) of the polarizability for the lowest Ω levels corresponding to the ground electronic states are (in a.u.3) 44.15 and 41.17 for UO2+ and UO22+, respectively, 45.64 and 41.42 for NpO2+ and NpO22+, respectively, and 47.15 for the PuO2+ ion.