bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Online National Intervener Training Pilot Project
Authors: Probst Kristi M. , Morgan Sam
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Interveners are paraeducators who have been trained in deafblind strategies. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an online training project for intervener candidates. Methods: The training project utilized the Open Hands, Open Access (OHOA) Intervener Training Modules in conjunction with synchronous meetings and coaching. Results: Upon completion of the program, a survey was conducted to evaluate the participant's preparation to perform their job as an intervener, the most helpful parts of the program, suggestions for improvement, and overall satisfaction with the training. Additionally, participant attrition (17%) and pursual of intervener certification were examined. Discussion: The results of this study indicated that this type of program can successfully impart the knowledge and skills one needs to improve their skills as an intervener, reduce attrition of participants, and individuals can subsequently complete a rigorous certification process based on national standards. Implications for Practitioners: State deaf-blind projects as well as other entities engaged in professional development can use the materials from this project to train staff in deafblind strategies. The flexibility built into this training can be enticing for educators and paraeducators seeking professional development.
Correlated Change Between Personality Traits and Perceived Social Support in Old Age
Authors: Pfund Gabrielle N. , Allemand Mathias
Published: September 2022

This study investigated correlated change between the Big Five personality traits and perceived social support in old age. Two data waves with an 8-year span from the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on Adult Development (ILSE) were utilized. The longitudinal sample for this study consisted of 491 older adults (aged 64–68 years at T1). Four different aspects of perceived availability of social support were assessed (emotional support, practical support, social integration, and social strain). The Big Five personality traits were assessed with the Neuroticism–Extraversion–Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Results show significant latent concurrent correlations and correlated changes between personality traits and social support. Notably, correlated change with social support types differed depending on the Big Five traits being evaluated, with changes in extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness being the traits most associated with changes in social support types, and openness being least associated. Results are discussed through a life span development lens in light of past research.
Experimental study of a heparin-coated venous stent fabricated by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Zhang Kunpeng , Jiang Xiaorui , Wang Lei , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xiaoming , Che Haijie
Published: September 2022

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of heparin-coated venous stents in animals.

Methods

We used atomic layer deposition technology to obtain a heparin coating with good stability and then prepared a heparin-coated venous stent based on this technology. The experimental stents were prepared according to the diameter of the rabbit inferior vena cava and were divided into Ni-Ti alloy stent group, Ni-Ti-Al2O3 stent group and Ni-Ti-Al2O3-Heparin stent group. 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after stent implantation, the materials were collected, and the three groups of stents were observed by hard tissue section pathology, immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscope to observe the differences in vascular wall inflammation, thrombosis, lumen stenosis and vascular intima regeneration.

Result and Conclusion

The experiment confirmed the safety of the heparin-coated stent in vivo. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed a high degree of vascular endothelialization and an intact neointimal structure 14 days after implantation. The long-term safety and biological effects of heparin-coated venous stents in animals require further study.
Reflexivity of discomfort: Two women outsiders doing sport research in prison
Authors: Martinez-Merino Nagore , Martín-González Nerian , Usabiaga-Arruabarrena Oidui , Martos-García Daniel
Published: September 2022

When analyzing social relationships the idea of ​​intersectionality allows for multiple dimensions to be brought forth. In this regard, discomfort becomes the core element of a reflective exercise surrounding the ethnographic fieldwork carried out by two young, white, female researchers as volunteers of sports and physical activities for imprisoned women. Through the analysis of our field notes, we complete a retrospective journey to analyze our presence in the field and bring forth the consequences of our decisions and emotions; all with the help of our adult, white, male PhD supervisors. In our analysis, gender, age, race and, in this particular context, the position of freedom and our condition as volunteers have been revealed to be fundamental. As researchers, we opted for using different strategies such as adapting our language or repressing our feminist ideas, in a complicated game of balance between the need to establish rapport and the necessary prudence in prison. All in all, this study highlights the richness of team research and its help in facing and understanding the various difficulties that arise from the prison context, its emotional implications, and the ethical dilemmas that appear during the research process. On the other hand, it constitutes a methodological and reflective contribution to feminist research in the field of sport and physical activity.
The Tentative Promise of Social Return on Investment
Authors: Siegal Kim M.
Published: September 2022

Social return on investment (SROI), an evaluation method that compares monetized social value generated to costs invested, is in ascendance. Conceptually akin to cost–benefit analysis, it shares some of its challenges; however, these are heightened due to the expressed promise of using SROI to compare programs and inform philanthropic and public investment decisions. In this paper, I describe the landscape of SROI studies to date, including a review of a representative sample of SROI evaluations, which have been vetted by Social Value International. I also draw on the experience of an organization that has used SROI in earnest as a decision-making tool to provide an assessment of both the methods that underpin it and the ways in which it is applied. I conclude by offering some recommendations to consider to get the most value from this evaluation method while avoiding some potential pitfalls.
Unpacking the relation between children’s use of digital technologies and children’s well-being: A scoping review
Authors: Messena Mattia , Everri Marina
Published: September 2022

Over the last decade, a substantial number of studies have addressed children’s use of technologies and their impact on well-being. Nonetheless, there is still a lack of clarity on the operationalisation of technology use, well-being, and the relation between the two. This scoping review intended to shed lights on Digital Technologies Use, its operationalisation, and the relation between Digital Technologies Negative Use (DTNU) and children’s well-being. For the scope of the special issue we focused on negative use. Results showed two conceptualisations of DTNU: compulsive/addictive use of devices and the Internet (e.g., Internet addiction) and negative online experiences/risky behaviours (e.g., cyberbullying). Well-being in relation to DTNU was mainly studied in terms of psycho/social dimensions (e.g., depression), and a gap in cognitive well-being studies was identified. Study designs were largely quantitative, and, in most studies, well-being was considered as a predictor of DTNU. Also, research with children under 12 years was lacking. Future research on DTNU should look at: how dimensions of addiction and negative online experiences relate; provide more evidence on cognitive well-being; explore the interplay of well-being multiple components relying on integrative conceptual frameworks. The recent notion of digital well-being should also be explored considering the results of this review.
Fabrication and characterization of methylprednisolone-loaded polylactic acid/hyaluronic acid nanofibrous scaffold for soft tissue engineering
Authors: Keikha Mehdi , Entekhabi Elahe , Shokrollahi Mahvash , Nazarpak Masoumeh Haghbin , Hassannejad Zahra , Akbari Somaye , Vaccaro Alex R , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
Published: September 2022

Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that tissue engineering scaffolds, including Schwann cells, may improve axonal regeneration, particularly in combination with Methylprednisolone as an influential neuroprotective factor. The primary aim of this study was to design composite electrospun scaffolds based on polylactic acid (PLA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) containing various percentages (0.05–2% (w/v)) of Methylprednisolone (MP) with suitable mechanical and chemical properties for soft tissue especially to promote nerve growth. For the first time, MP was implicated in a PLA/HA nanofibrous and its effect on fiber’s properties was scrutinized as a candidate for nerve tissue engineering. In addition, morphology, chemical bonding, wettability, and degradation of the scaffolds were examined to evaluate their performance. The results showed the PLA/HA scaffolds had suitable morphological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties for nerve regeneration. Also, various percentages of MP were evaluated through physiochemical assay, drug release profile, and biological assays to find an optimum level of drug. These scaffolds may improve the growth and viability of Schwann cells. Results showed that composite scaffolds containing 0.5 w/v MP had lower cytotoxicity and higher biocompatibility.
The effect of capsulated nanosilica-epoxy healing agents on the self-healing ability of glass fibers-epoxy composites under mechanical loading
Authors: Ebrahimnezhad-Khaljiri Hossein , Eslami-Farsani Reza , Mirzamohammadi Sadegh
Published: September 2022

In this study, the effect of using an epoxy healing agent containing silica nanoparticles instead of the neat epoxy healing agent on the self-healing ability of glass fibers/epoxy composites under the flexural, tensile and shear loadings was assessed. For doing this, in the first step, the silica nanoparticles (0, 1, 2 and, 3 wt.%) were dispersed into the ethyl acetate/epoxy healing agent. Then, these mixtures were encapsulated with the urea-formaldehyde polymer by an in-situ polymerization method. Finally, the glass fibers/epoxy composite containing 14 wt.% microcapsules along with 2 wt.% NiCl2(imidazole)4 catalyst were fabricated. To understand how the mechanical-healing behaviors of these composites under the various mechanical loads, these composites were destructed with a quasi-static penetration test for the creation of delamination damage. The healing process was done by the thermal activation method. The obtained results showed that the highest healing efficiency under the flexural, tensile and shear loads belonged to the composite containing 1 wt.% nanosilica into the healing agent, which were 89.8, 87.8, and 156.8%, respectively. The hackles of microcapsules, reduction in the thickness of microcapsules, formation of nanocomposite healing shell and the agglomeration of silica nanoparticles on the healed area were the influence factors on the healing ability of these composites. This work can give a view for healing the microcracks into composite structures by nanocomposite healing agents, which have the higher healing ability and better performance under mechanical loads than conventional healing agents.
Effect of epoxy concentrations on thermo-mechanical properties of kenaf fiber – recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) composites
Authors: Owen Macaulay M , Achukwu Emmanuel O , Akil Hazizan Md , Romli Ahmad Z , Zainol Abidin Mohd Shukur , Arukalam Innocent O , Ishiaku Umaru S
Published: September 2022

The effect of different concentrations of epoxy surface coating treatment on the thermal and mechanical properties of kenaf fiber reinforced recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (RPET) composites was studied. Silane-treated kenaf fibers (SKF) were epoxy-coated with optimized coating concentrations (in the ratios of 1:4, 1:5, and 1:6 epoxy to acetone solutions) to improve the thermal degradation/decomposition resistance and interfacial bonding with RPET matrix. The different epoxy coated-silane treated kenaf fibers 1:4 ESKF, 1:5 ESKF, and 1:6 ESKF were compounded with RPET at an optimized temperature of 240°C, and their constituents’ composites KF/RPET, 1:4 ESKF/RPET, 1:5 ESKF/RPET, and 1:6 ESKF/RPET were subjected to thermal, mechanical and microstructural investigation. The obtained results showed some remarkable effects of epoxy concentrations on the chemical and surface structures of the treated fibers. Thermal properties of both ESKF and ESKF/RPET composites were more stable and improved with different concentrations of epoxy treatment compared to the untreated counterparts. 1:4 ESKF and 1:5 ESKF were the most thermally stable with onset degradation and DTG decomposition temperatures of 331.6°C and 381.7°C, and 324.0°C and 388.7°C respectively. Mechanical properties of the epoxy-coated composites were higher and further improved with epoxy concentrations and fiber loadings compared to uncoated composites. Hence, the epoxy concentration of 1:4 gave the maximum tensile and impact properties, and at 10 wt. % fiber loading within the lower loading regions, followed by 1:5 with outstanding flexural properties. The coated-treated composites showed strong fiber/matrix bonding with no evidence of fiber decomposition compared to the untreated composites with poor fiber/matrix interaction. The current research findings are original and valid for improving the thermal degradation resistance and stability of natural fibers, and the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced engineering thermoplastic composites. The epoxy coated – silane-treated textile kenaf fibers reinforced with recycled PET composites have the potentials to be utilized in high-temperature industrial and engineering applications.
Clinical and microbiological profile of bacterial pathogens from patients with diabetic foot infections at a teaching hospital in the northeast China
Authors: Ma Lin-Lin , Li Bin-Xian , Meng Xue , Li Ming-Cheng
Published: September 2022

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer infection (DFI) is a frequent complication of diabetes.

Objective: The aim is to determine the clinical and microbiological profiles and the antibiotic resistance phenotype, analyze the DFIs risk factors.

Methods: The present study is a retrospective, single-center study conducted at a teaching hospital in the northeast China. 242 cases of patients with diabetic foot disease Wagner grade 0–5 over 2 years were screened and the recovered data consisted of the clinical features, risk factors, etiology and drug resistant profiles.

Results: The total percentage of Gram-negative rods (GNRs) and Gram-positive cocci (GPCs) was 138 (54.92%) and 113 (45.02%). The most common isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 22.37% and 19.74%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of ulcer, duration of antibiotic use, Wagner classification and osteomyelitis were risk factors for multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria infection ( p<0.05).

Conclusion: The predominate pathogens of patients with DFI were GNRs, followed by GPCs in the region. They exhibited the different antibiotic resistance phenotype. The data provided advice on selection of highly sensitive antibiotics in the management of DFIs.
Glitch cities
Authors: Leszczynski Agnieszka , Elwood Sarah
Published: September 2022

The generous responses to our intervention, Glitch epistemologies for computational cities, open onto knowing cities via glitches through an expanded attention to temporalities, subject/ivities, and power and politics in addition to our initial concern with urban spatialities. We respond to our interlocutors by engaging their responses as engendering more robust theorizations of what we here term glitch cities: pervasively digitally mediated and mediatized urban environments knowable not only through an attunement to configurations that appear out of place, but also those which present as being out of time, as counter-topographical against the violence of imposed legibility, and as more closely contending with subjects and subjectivities. We discuss how and why thinking more holistically about glitch cities while avoiding the tendency to reduce this epistemological claim to an archetype or conceptual singularity matters for digital urban geographies.
District nurses’ experiences of advanced medical technology in home care: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Munck Berit , Vikingur Henny , Smoljan Martina , Björklund Margereth
Published: September 2022

The escalation in the number of medical devices in home care increases the demands on district nurses’ knowledge and skills. This qualitative interview study with 13 district nurses from Sweden aimed to describe their experiences of advanced medical technology in home care. The COREQ checklist for qualitative studies was applied. The results showed two categories: district nurses’ experiences of collaborating in teams and district nurses’ experiences of performing safe care. The safe use of advanced medical technology in home care required good collaboration between all the parties involved. This resulted in a certain amount of freedom and increased quality of life for the patients. District nurses needed time, continuity, practical training, and repeated education to be able to provide safe care. Distinct leadership was important at all organizational levels. The results can generate a safe and sustainable work environment for district nurses, almost independent of their technical background.
Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Enhanced Recovery After Total Hip Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhao YiBo , Zhang Baifeng , Wang Yongzhi , Liu Jingwei
Published: September 2022

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a novel neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) device for enhanced recovery after total hip replacement surgery.

Methods

Sixty patients undergoing total hip replacement for osteoarthritis of the hip were randomized and divided into 2 groups: 1 group received postoperative treatment with the NMES device, and the other group did not receive NMES. The primary outcome measures were postoperative pain, lower limb swelling, and length of stay (LOS) postsurgery. Secondary outcomes included wound drainage at 24 hours and acceptability by the intervention of the device.

Results

Data from 60 participants were analyzed (NMES (n = 30), control group (n = 30)). Patients in the NMES group demonstrated a general trend of beneficial postoperative pain, calf swelling, and average length of stay from postoperative to discharge. However, wound drainage largely remained static for both groups. The overall comfort rate of the device was 93.3%.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that the gekoTM NMES device is partly useful for enhanced recovery after total hip replacement surgery. In addition, the device should be considered tolerable and safe. A larger study is required with this device in the future to determine its effectiveness on compelling data.
Population genomics reveals moderate genetic differentiation between populations of endangered Forest Musk Deer located in Shaanxi and Sichuan
Authors: Liu Gang , Zhang Bao-Feng , Chang Jiang , Hu Xiao-Long , Li Chao , Xu Tin-Tao , Liu Shu-Qiang , Hu De-Fu
Published: September 2022

Background

Many endangered species exist in small, genetically depauperate, or inbred populations, hence promoting genetic differentiation and reducing long-term population viability. Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) has been subject to illegal hunting for hundreds of years due to the medical and commercial values of musk, resulting in a significant decline in population size. However, it is still unclear to what extent the genetic exchange and inbreeding levels are between geographically isolated populations. By using whole-genome data, we reconstructed the demographic history, evaluated genetic diversity, and characterized the population genetic structure of Forest Musk Deer from one wild population in Sichuan Province and two captive populations from two ex-situ centers in Shaanxi Province.

Results

SNP calling by GATK resulted in a total of 44,008,662 SNPs. Principal component analysis (PCA), phylogenetic tree (NJ tree), ancestral component analysis (ADMIXTURE) and the ABBA-BABA test separated Sichuan and Shaanxi Forest Musk Deer as two genetic clusters, but no obvious genetic differentiation was observed between the two captive populations. The average pairwise FST value between the populations in Sichuan and Shaanxi ranged from 0.05–0.07, suggesting a low to moderate genetic differentiation. The mean heterozygous SNPs rate was 0.14% (0.11%—0.15%) for Forest Musk Deer at the genomic scale, and varied significantly among three populations (Chi-square = 1.22, p < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis Test), with the Sichuan population having the lowest (0.11%). The nucleotide diversity of three populations varied significantly (p < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis Test), with the Sichuan population having the lowest genetic θπ (1.69 × 10–3).

Conclusions

Genetic diversity of Forest Musk Deer was moderate at the genomic scale compared with other endangered species. Genetic differentiation between populations in Sichuan and Shaanxi may not only result from historical biogeographical factors but also be associated with contemporary human disturbances. Our findings provide scientific aid for the conservation and management of Forest Musk Deer. They can extend the proposed measures at the genomic level to apply to other musk deer species worldwide.
Large-scale analysis of protein crotonylation reveals its diverse functions in Pinellia ternata
Authors: Guo Weiwei , Han Jiayi , Li Ximei , He Zihan , Zhang Yumei
Published: September 2022

Background

Pinellia ternata is an important traditional medicine in China, and its growth is regulated by the transcriptome or proteome. Lysine crotonylation, a newly identified and important type of posttranslational modification, plays a key role in many aspects of cell metabolism. However, little is known about its functions in Pinellia ternata.

Results

In this study, we generated a global crotonylome analysis of Pinellia ternata and examined its overlap with lysine succinylation. A total of 2106 crotonylated sites matched on 1006 proteins overlapping in three independent tests were identified, and we found three specific amino acids surrounding crotonylation sites in Pinellia ternata: KcrF, K***Y**Kcr and Kcr****R. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that two crucial alkaloid biosynthesis-related enzymes and many stress-related proteins were also highly crotonylated. Furthermore, several enzymes participating in carbohydrate metabolism pathways were found to exhibit both lysine crotonylation and succinylation modifications.

Conclusions

These results indicate that lysine crotonylation performs important functions in many biological processes in Pinellia ternata, especially in the biosynthesis of alkaloids, and some metabolic pathways are simultaneously regulated by lysine crotonylation and succinylation.
Clinical observations of EVO-ICL implantation and changes in corneal astigmatism using a modified technique
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Ruibo , Huang Yue , Zhang Chen , Liu Hui , Jia Zhe , Zhao Shaozhen
Published: September 2022

Background

Implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery techniques are constantly progressing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application effect of the modified technique and its impact on the change in corneal astigmatism in EVO-ICL surgery.

Methods

The analysis of retrospective cohort data included 153 eyes of 81 patients with myopia from July 2018 to May 2020. An EVO-ICL was inserted by modified surgical skills, including a single 3.0 mm corneal incision and no ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) before the insertion of the ICL (modified technique group: 41 cases, 80 eyes) and standard procedure (standard technique group: 40 cases, 73 eyes). Early postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored at 2 and 24 h. IOP, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), vault, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured 1, 6, and 12 months following the initial examination. The corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) was monitored at 6 and 12 months after the operation. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) in the total, anterior, and posterior corneal surfaces was analysed 1 month after the operation.

Results

No serious complications were detected. The two groups had no difference in visual outcomes, ICL vaults, or ACD at any time point (P > 0.05). Two hours postoperatively, IOP was significantly lower in the modified technique group (16.22 ± 2.22 vs. 18.37 ± 1.92 mmHg, P < 0.05) than in the standard technique group. IOP decreased gradually after 24 h to preoperative levels. The postoperative IOP remained stable over a 12-month period. The ECD at 6 and 12 months was not significantly different between the groups (P > 0.05). SIA in the total, anterior, and posterior corneal surfaces were assumed to have no clinically meaningful differences between groups at one month after operation (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The modified technique is efficient and safe, producing comparable visual and structural outcomes without adversely affecting ECD, and reduces fluctuations in IOP at the early postoperative stages. The auxiliary incision in the standard technique does not increase corneal SIA, which is also a factor to consider for inexperienced surgeons.
Psychosocial determinants of the intention and self-efficacy to attend antenatal appointments among pregnant adolescents and young women in Cape Town, South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sewpaul Ronel , Crutzen Rik , Reddy Priscilla
Published: September 2022

Background

Antenatal care is imperative for adolescents and young women, due to their increased risk of pregnancy-related complications. Evidence on the psychosocial determinants of antenatal attendance among this vulnerable group is lacking. This study assessed the relevance of the psychosocial sub-determinants of intention and self-efficacy to attend antenatal appointments among pregnant adolescents and young women in Cape Town, South Africa; with a view to informing behaviour change interventions.

Methods

Pregnant women and girls aged 13-20 years were recruited to complete a cross-sectional questionnaire assessing their pregnancy experiences, pregnancy-related knowledge and psychosocial determinants related to antenatal care seeking. Confidence Interval Based Estimation of Relevance (CIBER) analysis was used to examine the association of the psychosocial sub-determinants with the intention and self-efficacy to attend antenatal appointments, and to establish their relevance for behaviour change interventions. The psychosocial sub-determinants comprised knowledge, risk perceptions, and peer, partner, family and individual participant attitudes.

Results

The mean gestation age of participants (n=575) was 18.7 weeks, and the mean age was 18 years. Risk perceptions of experiencing preeclampsia and heavy bleeding during pregnancy or childbirth if clinic appointments are not attended had moderate mean scores and were positively correlated with intention and self-efficacy, which makes them relevant intervention targets. Several family, peer, partner and individual participant attitudes that affirmed timely appointment attendance had strong positive associations with intention and self-efficacy but their mean score were already high.

Conclusions

Given the high means of the family, peer, partner and individual participant attitudes, the relevance of these attitudinal items as intervention targets was relatively low. Further studies are recommended to assess the relevance of these sub-determinants in similar populations.
Sustainable healthcare in medical education: survey of the student perspectives at a UK medical school
Authors: Gupta Dhruv , Shantharam Lahvanya , MacDonald Bridget K
Published: September 2022

Background

It is now a General Medical Council requirement to incorporate education for sustainable healthcare (ESH) into medical curricula. To date, research has focussed on the perspectives of educators and which sustainable healthcare topics to include in teaching. Therefore, due to this gap in the literature, we have investigated the perspectives of medical students in the UK regarding current and future incorporation of ESH in medical education.

Methods

A survey was circulated to 851 clinical year medical students and students intercalating after completing at least one clinical year in a London University. The anonymous survey consisted of sections on the environmental impact, current teaching and future teaching of ESH.

Results

One hundred sixty-three students completed the survey. 93% of participants believed that climate change is a concern in current society, and only 1.8% thought they have been formally taught what sustainable healthcare is. No participants strongly agreed, and only 5 participants (3.1%) agreed, that they would feel confident in answering exam questions on this topic, with 89% agreeing that more ESH is needed. 60% believe that future teaching should be incorporated in both preclinical and clinical years, with 31% of participants preferring online modules as the method of teaching.

Conclusion

Our study has stressed the lack of current sustainable healthcare teaching in the medical curriculum. There is student demand for ESH, however, uncertainty remains regarding who is best placed to facilitate ESH, how it should be delivered, and whether there is a gender discrepancy regarding sustainable healthcare importance, emphasising the need to close the gap between educational rhetoric and action.
Exploring the challenges to telephone triage in pre-hospital emergency care: a qualitative content analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Fateme , Jeihooni Ali Khani , Sabetsarvestani Parisa , Abadi Fozieh , Bijani Mostafa
Published: September 2022

Background

One of the important indices for the efficacy of pre-hospital emergency services is telephone triage. The dispatching team members are faced with many challenges in telephone triage which can adversely affect their performance. This study was conducted in the south of Iran to determine the challenges to telephone triage in pre-hospital emergency services.

Method

The present study is qualitative-descriptive where the sample was selected purposefully. Data were collected through 18 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 18 dispatching team members in pre-hospital emergency care. The collected qualitative data were analyzed using the content analysis approach recommended by Graneheim and Lundman.

Results

Analysis of the data resulted in the emergence of three themes and ten sub-themes. The three main themes extracted from the data included inefficient interaction, insufficient and unreal information, and professional challenges.

Conclusion

The dispatching unit personnel in pre-hospital emergency care are confronted with various interactional, organizational, and professional issues. Accordingly, the senior managers in emergency departments should take effective measures to remove the existing barriers toward improving the efficacy of telephone triage and, by extension, the quality of pre-hospital emergency care services.
Chronic air pollution-induced subclinical airway inflammation and polygenic susceptibility
Authors: Kress Sara , Wigmann Claudia , Zhao Qi , Herder Christian , Abramson Michael J. , Schwender Holger , Schikowski Tamara
Published: September 2022

Background

Air pollutants can activate low-grade subclinical inflammation which further impairs respiratory health. We aimed to investigate the role of polygenic susceptibility to chronic air pollution-induced subclinical airway inflammation.

Methods

We used data from 296 women (69–79 years) enrolled in the population-based SALIA cohort (Study on the influence of Air pollution on Lung function, Inflammation and Aging). Biomarkers of airway inflammation were measured in induced-sputum samples at follow-up investigation in 2007–2010. Chronic air pollution exposures at residential addresses within 15 years prior to the biomarker assessments were used to estimate main environmental effects on subclinical airway inflammation. Furthermore, we calculated internally weighted polygenic risk scores based on genome-wide derived single nucleotide polymorphisms. Polygenic main and gene-environment interaction (GxE) effects were investigated by adjusted linear regression models.

Results

Higher exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤ 2.5 μm, ≤ 10 μm, and 2.5–10 µm significantly increased the levels of leukotriene (LT)B4 by 19.7% (p-value = 0.005), 20.9% (p = 0.002), 22.1% (p = 0.004), 17.4% (p = 0.004), and 23.4% (p = 0.001), respectively. We found significant effects of NO2 (25.9%, p = 0.008) and NOx (25.9%, p-value = 0.004) on the total number of cells. No significant GxE effects were observed. The trends were mostly robust in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

While this study confirms that higher chronic exposures to air pollution increase the risk of subclinical airway inflammation in elderly women, we could not demonstrate a significant role of polygenic susceptibility on this pathway. Further studies are required to investigate the role of polygenic susceptibility.

Graphical Abstract
Safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy containing INSTIs and chemotherapy drugs in people living with HIV and concomitant colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Jing , Wei Guo , Gui Fuqiang , Zhao Yong , Chen Tingyu , Tan Juan
Published: September 2022

Background

Previous clinical data have shown that raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) with fewer drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse events (AEs) is a good regimen in patients with HIV infection who need cancer chemotherapy. There are currently few data on ART regimens that include Integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) other than RAL among this patient subgroup.

Methods

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of different kinds of INSTI-based regimens among patients with HIV and concomitant colorectal cancer (CRC) who received antineoplastic agents.

Results

From January 2020 to November 2021, 66 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups: 20 patients treated with dolutegravir (DTG)/lamivudine (3TC)/tenofovir (TDF) (group I), 24 patients treated with DTG/albuvirtide (ABT) (group II), and 22 patients treated with bictegravir (BIC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/emtricitabine (FTC) (group III). The majority of AEs during treatment were of grade 1–2. Treatment‐related AEs of grade 3–4 occurred in 6 patients (9.09%), and no grade 5 AEs occurred. The most common AEs were nausea (100%) and neutrophils (84.85%) attributed to anticancer agents, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of these AEs among the three groups (P > 0.05). Viral load rebound was not observed among pretreated patients during chemotherapy. The viral load of untreated patients who started their ART concomitant with chemotherapy almost decreased to the lower limit of detection 6 months after ART initiation (only one patient in group III had a viral load of 102 copies/ml). At the 6th month, the CD4 count in group I decreased significantly from baseline (P < 0.05). However, the change in CD4 count was not significant in group II (P = 0.457) or group III (P = 0.748).

Conclusions

DTG- or BIC-containing regimens are good options for patients with HIV and concomitant CRC.
CHATogether: a novel digital program to promote Asian American Pacific Islander mental health in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Song Jae Eun , Ngo Nealie T. , Vigneron Jessica G. , Lee Alan , Sust Steve , Martin Andrés , Yuen Eunice Y.
Published: September 2022

Background

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated rise in anti-Asian hate crimes, we developed the Compassionate Home, Action Together program, (CHATogether) to support the mental health of the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) community.CHATogetheris a culturally informed and virtually delivered support program that harnesses the talents of AAPI teens, young adults, parents, and mental health professionals who share a commitment to serve their local communities.

Methods

Our objective was to identify the active components, optimal utilization, potential benefits, and pertinent limitations of theCHATogetherprogram during the 3 years since its inception in 2019. By that time, the program had developed six distinct component arms: interactive theater, mental health education, research, peer support and community outreach, collaboration, and AAPI mentorship. To work towards this objective, we conducted a qualitative study using thematic analysis and an inductive approach based on grounded theory (GT), in which we analyzed anonymized transcripts of four focus groups, comprised of 20 program participants (11 females; 9 males).

Results

We developed a model of two overarching domains, each with three underlying themes: I. Individual stressors: (1) Family conflict; (2) Cultural identity; and (3) Pandemic impact; and II. Collective stressors: (1) Stigma related to mental health and illness; (2) Pandemic uncertainty; and (3) Xenophobia and societal polarization. Strengths of theCHATogetherprogram include its role as a conduit toward AAPI connectedness and pride as well as purpose in building community. Through support and mentorship, the program cultivates a unique platform that promotes healing and resiliency in response to pandemic stressors and beyond.

Conclusions

CHATogethercreates a safe space for the AAPI community. Through its methods of storytelling and encouraging creativity,CHATogetherfacilitates the discussion of challenging topics specific to the AAPI community. Given the national mental health crisis that is further being exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, a digital prevention program such asCHATogetherholds promise towards providing access to mental health resources and supporting early help-seeking behaviors for individuals in the AAPI community.
Clinical and radiological presentation of familial Mayer-Rokitansky Küster-Hauser syndrome in three sisters with literature review
Authors: Qudsieh Hana’ , Qudsieh Suhair , Mwafi Nesrin
Published: September 2022

Background

Mayer-Rokitansky Küster-Hauser syndrome MRKHS represents class I of congenital Müllerian anomaly, which resulted from interruption of embryonic development of the paramesonephric ducts in early pregnancy. It is characterized by uterine and proximal vaginal aplasia/hypoplasia associated with variable degree of cardiac, renal, and skeletal anomalies.

We aimed to review and analyze clinically and radiologically MRKHS relying on three young sisters’ cases who presented with primary amenorrhea and were found to have features of MRKHS.

Case presentation

Three sisters aging 17, 20, and 25 years old presented with primary amenorrhea. Clinical workup was performed followed by ultrasound and MRI of the abdomen and pelvis, spine X-ray, audiogram, echocardiogram, hormonal study, and karyotyping. The three sisters had normal sex hormones and mature secondary sexual characteristic features. Additionally, cardiac valvular regurgitation and renal hypoplasia were recognized. Cytogenetic confirmed normal female 46 XX karyotype. MRI showed variable size and appearance of Müllerian remnant tissue of the uterus and proximal vagina.

Conclusion

MRKHS shows variable size and appearance of Müllerian remnant structures; however, it seems that the smaller the volume of remnant tissue the more severe associated anomalies. Associated valvular cardiac disease is documented, which was not reported before.
3D controlled-source electromagnetic inversion in the radio-frequency band
Authors: Smirnova Maria , Shlykov Arseny , Fadavi Asghari Shiva , Tezkan Bülent , Saraev Alexander , Yogeshwar Pritam , Smirnov Maxim
Published: September 2022

The classical radio-magnetotelluric (RMT) method is nowadays routinely applied to various environmental, engineering, and exploration problems. The technique uses radio transmitters broadcasting in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 1 MHz, and the measurements are carried out in the far field. The well-known disadvantages of RMT are a lack of robust radio transmitters in remote areas; the absence of transmitters broadcasting below 10 kHz, which limits the penetration depth; and a possible low signal-to-noise ratio. To overcome these difficulties, controlled sources can be used (controlled-source RMT [CSRMT]). We extend the CSRMT method to perform measurements not only in the far field but also in the transition zone. In CSRMT practice, it often is challenging to maintain far-field conditions for logistical reasons. Therefore, part of the measured data contains signatures of the source field, which cannot be interpreted with magnetotelluric software. In addition, the source placed directly in the survey area allows us to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. Such CSRMT in the transition zone is, in fact, a controlled-source electromagnetic method but with full impedance tensor and tipper vector transfer functions. We develop new procedures for the 3D modeling and inversion of the tensor radio-frequency data measured in the transition zone of two perpendicular horizontal electric dipole sources. In this case, the geometry of the source must be considered in the forward modeling. The developed modeling and inversion software is tested on a synthetic 3D model. The 3D resistivity models derived from the real data confirm the geologic settings and are consistent with the available borehole information. Therefore, we conclude that the CSRMT approach extended to include the source field is feasible and that the developed procedures are reliable.
Field-scale and site-specific permeability of sandstone reservoirs using a stabilized Monte Carlo algorithm: A case study
Authors: Vadapalli Uma , Malkoti Ajay , Vedanti Nimisha , Dimri V. P. , Guruhappa Harini
Published: September 2022

The permeability of sandstone varies significantly from site to site at the field scale. Well-established methods for permeability estimation depend on laboratory-measured parameters, which are available only at sparse locations. To overcome such dependency, we have developed a method to estimate sandstone’s site-specific and field-scale permeability using well log and interconnected porosity data, respectively. We have considered sandstone as a mono-dispersed porous medium with monofractal pores and simulated them using the fractal theory-based acceptance-rejection Monte Carlo algorithm. Stabilization of the algorithm through an error convergence scheme generated repeatable and reliable permeability values. We tested this developed method on cores from various formations representing clean/shaly sandstones and a few sandstone samples contaminated by carbonates. Compared to laboratory-measured permeability, the estimates are within one-order magnitude error bounds for clean/shaly sandstones and higher for samples that are either contaminated by carbonates or have higher pore volume normalized surface area. We applied the method to infer field-scale permeability trend to explain the unexpected movement of hydrocarbons in the Kalol reservoir lying in the Balol oil field of Cambay Basin India, where the in-situ combustion enhanced oil recovery process is implemented. The field-scale permeability trend could explain the northward movement of the hydrocarbons to the adjacent oil field, Lanwa. It was also observed in the production data of the Lanwa field that the in-situ combustion in Balol has benefited oil production in its wells.
Cognitive trajectories following onset of psychosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Watson Andrew J. , Harrison Lauren , Preti Antonio , Wykes Til , Cella Matteo
Published: September 2022

Background

Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, associated with poor functional outcomes. The course of cognitive function in the years following illness onset has remained a subject of debate, with a previous analysis finding no worsening, providing support for the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Since then, many more studies have reported on longitudinal cognitive performance in early psychosis, with some indicating deterioration, which does not align with this view.

Aims

This study aims to quantitatively review the literature on the longitudinal trajectory of cognitive deficits in the years following psychosis onset, in comparison with healthy controls. It is the first to also synthesise longitudinal data on social cognition.

Method

Electronic databases (‘PubMed’, ‘PsycInfo’ and ‘Scopus’) were searched (to end September 2021). Meta-analyses of 25 longitudinal studies of cognition in early psychosis were conducted (1480 patients, 789 health controls). Unlike previous analyses, randomised controlled trials and those with multiple cognitive testing periods within the first year were excluded to minimise bias (PROSPERO, ID: CRD42021241525).

Results

Small improvements were observed for global cognition (g = 0.25, 95% CI 0.17–0.33) and individual cognitive domains, but these were comparable with healthy controls and likely an artefact of practice effects.

Conclusions

There is no evidence of continued cognitive decline or improvement in the early years following psychosis onset, with a need for more studies over longer follow-up periods. Practice effects highlight the importance of including control samples in longitudinal and intervention studies. Further data are needed to evaluate the course of social cognition subdomains.
Pivotal role of STIP in ovule pattern formation and female germline development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Petrella Rosanna , Gabrieli Flavio , Cavalleri Alex , Schneitz Kay , Colombo Lucia , Cucinotta Mara
Published: September 2022

In spermatophytes the sporophytic (diploid) and the gametophytic (haploid) generations co-exist in ovules, and the coordination of their developmental programs is of pivotal importance for plant reproduction. To achieve efficient fertilization, the haploid female gametophyte and the diploid ovule structures must coordinate their development to form a functional and correctly shaped ovule. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) genes encode a family of transcription factors that share important roles in a wide range of processes throughout plant development. Here, we show that STIP is required for the correct patterning and curvature of the ovule in Arabidopsis thaliana. The knockout mutant stip-2 is characterized by a radialized ovule phenotype due to severe defects in outer integument development. In addition, alteration of STIP expression affects the correct differentiation and progression of the female germline. Finally, our results reveal that STIP is required to tightly regulate the key ovule factors INNER NO OUTER, PHABULOSA and WUSCHEL, and they define a novel genetic interplay in the regulatory networks determining ovule development.