bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of different bronchoscopic specimens in sputum Xpert MBT/RIF- negative pulmonary TB patients
Authors: Badr Omaima Ibrahim , Elrefaey Wael Aly , Shabrawishi Mohammed , Assaggaf Hamza M. , Minshawi Faisal
Published: November 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control remains a critical public health problem worldwide. Rapid diagnosis and proper treatment are beneficial for the effective control of tuberculosis transmission. Diagnostic challenges arise when a patient has a clinical and radiological suspicion of tuberculosis but cannot produce sputum, sputum acid-fast bacilli, or Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (Xpert MTB/RIF) is negative, resulting in suboptimal management. As a result, more invasive techniques must be used on these patients to establish the diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective study recruited 330 suspected pulmonary TB patients with negative sputum of Xpert MBT/RIF who underwent bronchoscopy between March 2018 and December 2021. The diagnostic yields of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (acid-fast bacilli, Xpert MTB/RIF, and culture) and histopathologic examination (HPE) were calculated and compared to the final diagnosis and culture as a gold standard. Results: Out of 330 suspected pulmonary TB patients, 181 had a final diagnosis of TB, and 149 had non-TB. The sensitivity of BALF (culture, Xpert, acid-fast bacilli) and trans-bronchial lung biopsy (HPE) was 80.7%, 72.9%, 21.1%, and 87.1%, respectively. Multiple nodules were associated with significantly higher BALF Xpert MTB, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture, and trans-bronchial lung biopsy (HPE) positivity. Conclusions: Bronchoscopic specimens are essential for accurate and rapid diagnosis of sputum Xpert MBT/RIF negative patients with high clinical and radiological suspicion of tuberculosis.
Single-shot regional anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomies: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: De Cassai Alessandro , Sella Nicolò , Geraldini Federico , Tulgar Serkan , Ahiskalioglu Ali , Dost Burhan , Manfrin Silvia , Karapinar Yunus Emre , Paganini Greta , Beldagli Muzeyyen , Luoni Vittoria , Ordulu Busra Burcu Kucuk , Boscolo Annalisa , Navalesi Paolo
Published: November 2022

Background: Different regional anesthesia (RA) techniques have been used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), but there is no consensus on their comparative effectiveness. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of RA techniques on patients undergoing LC using a network meta-analysis approach.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, and Web of Science (Science and Social Science Citation Index) using the following PICOS criteria: (P) adult patients undergoing LC; (I) any RA single-shot technique with injection of local anesthetics; (C) placebo or no intervention; (O) postoperative opioid consumption expressed as morphine milligram equivalents (MME), rest pain at 12 h and 24 h post-operation, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), length of stay; and (S) randomized controlled trials.Results: A total of 84 studies were included. With the exception of the rectus sheath block (P = 0.301), the RA techniques were superior to placebo at reducing opioid consumption. Regarding postoperative pain, the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block (−1.80 on an 11-point pain scale) and erector spinae plane (ESP) block (−1.33 on an 11-point pain scale) were the most effective at 12 and 24 h. The TAP block was also associated with the greatest reduction in PONV.Conclusions: RA techniques are effective at reducing intraoperative opioid use, postoperative pain, and PONV in patients undergoing LC. Patients benefit the most from the bilateral paravertebral, ESP, quadratus lumborum, and TAP blocks.
Acknowledgement to reviewers
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2022

-
Nursing students’ perception on their readiness to combat gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tomas Nestor , Rupare Gideon
Published: November 2022

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a critical public health concern, demanding for global coordinated efforts. While nursing students form part of a healthcare team with significant roles in identifying and responding to abused victims, studies assessing their readiness to combat GBV are limited in Namibia.Aim: To assess undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions and to determine the relationship of the study variables to readiness to combat GBV during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Namibia.Setting: This study was conducted at a university satellite campus in Namibia.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 105 third and fourth-year undergraduate nursing students using ADKAR model. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 27.0, for descriptive statistics and logistic regression in determining relationships between study variables.Results: The study results show a mean readiness of 1.65 ± 0.19. Most respondents perceived themselves ready (73.3%), whereas 26.7% were not. Readiness was common with reinforcement (89.5%) and awareness (84.8%), knowledge (81.9%) and desire (76.2%) subscales. Predictors of readiness in this study were gender and age (R2 = 0.40; R2 = 0.37; p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study highlight that age and gender were significant predictors for readiness among the undergraduate students in Namibia. The results highlight the importance of GBV education in a nursing curriculum. A qualitative design is recommended for future studies.Contribution: The results of this study will support global efforts in strengthening the health system response on GBV incidences.
Improving population health through targeted policies on water sanitation and hygiene: Case study of water, sanitation and hygiene related practices in the Hohoe Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Mensah Derrick , Ayanore Martin A.
Published: November 2022

Background: Policies that improve the availability of safe drinking water, good hygiene practices and adequate sanitation conditions are considered crucial ingredients to sustain and improve the health of all populations.  To attain the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals require concerted efforts globally to improve or health related morbidity outcomes as a result of poor water sources, sanitation and unhygienic conditions.Aim: The study assessed water, sanitation and hygiene related practices among household residents in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana with the aim of mapping out targeted policies required to improve urban population health in Ghana.Setting: Hohoe Municipality, Ghana.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data among 403 household residents in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana. Participants were selected using multistage sampling technique.  Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire, entered, cleaned and analyzed in STATA version 13.1.Findings: About 16.4% of the participants practiced open defecation. Overall, 58% of the 403 household residents had adequate hygiene practice levels. Percentages of participants that had improved, unimproved and piped drinking water sources were 67%, 14% and 19% respectively.Conclusion: Participants generally had a fairly adequate hygiene practice level and access to improved drinking water source. While almost half of the participants did not own or shared a private toilet facility.  Our findings underscore the need for WASH interventions including policies to improve upon WASH practices among the households in Hohoe Municipality.
Rhythmic distraction techniques in a dysphemic therapy: A general discussion
Authors: Rosendorff M. L.
Published: November 2022

No abstract available.
Research Needs In Speech Pathology In South Africa
Authors: Bauman S. , Aron M.
Published: November 2022

No abstract available.
Anatomy and Physiology of Speech
Authors: Abrahamsohn Freida
Published: November 2022

No abstract available.
Stuttering - A symposium
Authors: Lubinsky Frume T.
Published: November 2022

No abstract available.
A survey of breathing exercises and natural childbirth methods
Authors: Blankfield Adele
Published: November 2022

No abstract available.
The treatment of psoriasis as evolved at The H. F. Verwoed Hospital, Pretoria; and a comparative study of the results of a clinical survey on psoriasis
Authors: Beattie M. A.
Published: November 2022

No abstract available.
The triad of denial, neglect, behavioral disorder causing to habitual multiple foreign body ingestion – A surgeon's nightmare
Authors: Verma Roshan K , Kothandaraman Kirubakaran
Published: November 2022

Behavioral disorders in children can sometimes lead to habitual and deliberate ingestion of multiple foreign bodies that may be neglected for longer periods and require a multidisciplinary team approach to remove it successfully.
Evaluation of the Potential Protectivity of Both Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale on the Cadmium-Induced Testicular Damage in Rats
Authors: El-Aziz Gamal Said Abd , Hindi Emad A. , Aggad Waheeb S. , Alturkistani Hani A. , Halawani Mervat M. , Alyazidi Anas S.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Cadmium (Cd) is a widely spread environmental pollutant, listed among the unsafe metals due to known toxic effects on multiple organs, including the testes. In this study, we aim to evaluate the potential protectivity of garlic and ginger extracts on Cd-induced damage of the testis in rats.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-six adult male albino rats were alienated into seven groups; control group, garlic-treated group, and ginger-treated group were given garlic and ginger extracts at doses of 250 mg and 120 mg/kg b.wt/day, Cd-treated group received 8.8 mg/Kg b.wt/day of Cd chloride, and the protected groups were given Cd and co-treated with garlic, ginger, or both extracts. The testes were subjected to different procedures to assess the oxidative status and histopathological changes.

Results:

Cd-treated rats showed a significant reduction in the testis weight and morphometric measurements of the seminiferous tubules compared to the control group. Cd administration resulted in a marked drop in the testosterone level and activities of antioxidative enzymes. Moreover, Cd induced histopathological changes in the seminiferous tubules. Co-administration of garlic and ginger extracts with the Cd showed partial improvement in the investigated parameters toward the control figures and improvement in the morphological changes. Co-treating both extracts together and the Cd resulted in complete normalization of these adverse effects of Cd.

Conclusion:

These findings indicated that garlic and ginger extracts could ameliorate the harmful effects of Cd on the testis. This effect was more prominent when garlic and ginger extracts were co-administered together with Cd.
Comparison and Validation of Multiple Detectors against Monte Carlo Simulation for the Use of Small-Field Dosimetry
Authors: Parveen Nazia , Ramachandran Prabhakar , Seshadri Venkatakrishnan , Perrett Ben , Fielding Andrew
Published: November 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the Exradin W2 scintillator, PTW microDiamond, IBA Razor Nano, and IBA Razor chamber detectors for small-field dose measurements and validate the measured data against the EGSnrc user code and observe the variation between daisy-chained and direct measurement methods for the above detectors.

Materials and Methods:

The W2 scintillator, microDiamond, Razor Nano, and Razor chamber detectors were used to measure the in-plane and cross-plane profiles and the output factors (OFs) at 10 cm depth, and 90 source-to-surface distance for 6MV X-rays (Elekta Versa HD). The field sizes ranged from 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm to 5 cm × 5 cm. The BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc user codes (EGSnrc) were used to simulate the reference profiles. Gamma analysis was performed to compare the measured and simulated dose distributions.

Results:

The OFs measured with the W2 scintillator, microDiamond, Razor Nano chamber, Razor chamber, and the calculated Monte Carlo (MC) showed agreement to within 1% for the 3 cm × 3 cm field size. The uncertainty in the MC simulation was observed to be 0.4%. The percent difference in OFs measured using daisy-chained and direct measurement methods was within 0.15%, 0.4%, 1.4%, and 2.4% for microDiamond, W2 scintillator, Nano, and Razor chamber detectors, respectively.

Conclusion:

The lateral beam profiles and OFs of W2 scintillator, microDiamond, Razor Nano, and Razor chambers exhibit good agreement with the MC simulation within the nominal field sizes. Our results demonstrate that we can achieve considerable time-saving by directly measuring small-field OFs without daisy-chained methods using microDiamond and W2 scintillator. In terms of ease of use, sensitivity, reproducibility, and from a practical standpoint, we recommend microDiamond for small-field dosimetry.
Dose Estimation Using Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter and EBT3 Films for Various Treatment Techniques in Alderson Rando Phantom and Estimation of Secondary Cancer Incidence for Carcinoma of Left Breast
Authors: Sushma N. , Kaginelli Shanmukhappa , Sathiyaraj P. , Vasanthan Sakthivel , Ganesh K. M.
Published: November 2022

Aim:

The aim of this study was to measure the dose to planning target and organ at risk (OAR) using Alderson Rando phantom for various treatment techniques in left breast radiotherapy and to estimate the secondary cancer incidence.

Materials and Methods:

Eleven different combinations of plans containing four techniques (three dimensional conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy [IMRT], volumetric modulated arc therapy [VMAT], and combination of 3DCRT and VMAT plans (HYBRID)) were created with 6 MV FF and 6 MV FFF (flattening filter and flattening filter-free) photon energies in phantom. Planned target volume and OAR doses in 23 different locations were measured using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) and EBT3 films. Assuming the age of exposure as 30 years, lifetime attributable risk (LAR) was estimated based on excess absolute risk (EAR) models outlined in the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII report.

Results:

Film showed maximum deviations of 6.15% with IMRT_C_FF plan when compared with treatment planning system (TPS). The maximum percentage difference of 1.7% was found with OSLD measurement when compared with TPS for VMAT_T_FFF plan. EAR estimation was done for all the OARs including target. The LARs for left lung, right lung, and right breast were evaluated. The maximum LAR values of 2.92 ± 0.14 were found for left lung with VMAT_C_FFF plans.

Conclusion:

This study shows that both OSLD and EBT3 films are suitable for dose measurements using Rando phantom. OSLD shows superior results when compared with films, especially with relatively larger distances. Maximum LAR values were found with VMAT_C_FFF plans. Considering the secondary cancer risk associated with the patients treated in the younger age group, it is suggested that in vivo dose estimation should be a part of treatment quality audit whenever possible.
Investigation of Different Components of Parallel-Hole Collimator Response to Different Radioisotope Energies Used in Nuclear Medicine Imaging
Authors: Noori-Asl Mahsa , Jeddi-Dashghapou Sara
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

The quality of images obtained from the nuclear medicine imaging systems depends on different factors. One of the most important of these factors is the geometrical and physical characteristics of collimator used for imaging with a given radioisotope.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of different components of collimator response for determining the most suitable parallel-hole collimator for the different radioisotope energies used in nuclear medicine imaging.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, the SIMIND Monte Carlo simulation program is used to determine the contribution of geometrical, penetrating and scattered response components of four hexagonal parallel-hole collimators including low-energy high-resolution (LEHR), low-energy general-purpose (LEGP), medium-energy general-purpose (MEGP), and high-energy general-purpose (HEGP) collimators, for 12 different energies used in nuclear medicine imaging.

Results:

According to the simulation results, the use of both the LEHR and LEGP collimators leads to a geometrical component above 60% for energies between 69 and 171 keV. On the other hand, for energies between 185 and 245 keV, the MEGP collimator and for energy of 364 keV, the HEGP collimator gives the geometrical components above 70% and 60%, respectively, while for energy of 511 keV, the geometrical response of all four collimators is below 20%.

Conclusion:

The results of this study show that for two low-energy single-photopeak radioisotopes, Tc-99m and I-123, the LEHR and LEGP collimators, and for high-energy single-photopeak radioisotope, I-131, the HEGP collimator are most suitable collimators. For dual-photopeak In-111 radioisotope and triple-photopeak Ga-67 radioisotope, the MEGP and HEGP collimators and for triple-photopeak Tl-201 radioisotopes, the LEHR and LEGP collimators are proposed as most suitable collimators.
Intelligent Wireless Monitoring Technology for 10kV Overhead lines in Smart Grid Networks
Authors: Lu Jiangang , Zhan Shi , Liu Xinzhan
Published: November 2022

Promoted by the rapid development of information technology, 10kV overhead line has been widely used in the majority of cities, and it is of great significance to monitor the distribution network effectively, in order to ensure the normal operation of the system. Most of traditional distribution network monitoring methods are based on manual work, which causes inconvenience to the distribution network fault location, repair, maintenance and real-time monitoring, and reduces the efficiency of the distribution network emergency repair and the reliability of power supply. Aiming at the automatic monitoring problem of 10kV overhead network, this paper adopts an intelligent wireless monitoring technology, where a monitoring node is employed to monitor the network transmission status through wireless links. We evaluate the system monitoring performance by using the metric of outage probability, depending on the wireless data rate over wireless channels. For the considered system, we derive analytical outage probability, in order to measure the system performance in the whole range of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The simulation results are finally presented to verify the analytical expressions on the system monitoring outage probability in this paper.
A noncommutative extension of Mahler’s interpolation theorem
Authors: Pin Jean-Éric , Reutenauer Christophe
Published: November 2022

We prove a noncommutative generalization of Mahler’s theorem on interpolation series, a celebrated result of

p

-adic analysis. Mahler’s original result states that a function from

\mathbb{N}

to

\mathbb{Z}

is uniformly continuous for the

p

-adic metric

d_p

if and only if it can be uniformly approximated by polynomial functions. We prove an analogous result for functions from a free monoid A to a free group

F(B)

where

d_p

is replaced by the pro-

p

metric.
Usage of the Internet of Things in Medical Institutions and its Implications
Authors: Kong Hyoun-Joong , An Sunhee , Lee Sohye , Cho Sujin , Hong Jeeyoung , Kim Sungwan , Lee Saram
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore new ways of creating value in the medical field and to derive recommendations for the role of medical institutions and the government.Methods: In this paper, based on expert discussion, we classified Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into four categories according to the type of information they collect (location, environmental parameters, energy consumption, and biometrics), and investigated examples of application.Results: Biometric IoT diagnoses diseases accurately and offers appropriate and effective treatment. Environmental parameter measurement plays an important role in accurately identifying and controlling environmental factors that could be harmful to patients. The use of energy measurement and location tracking technology enabled optimal allocation of limited hospital resources and increased the efficiency of energy consumption. The resulting economic value has returned to patients, improving hospitals’ cost-effectiveness.Conclusions: Introducing IoT-based technology to clinical sites, including medical institutions, will enhance the quality of medical services, increase patient safety, improve management efficiency, and promote patient-centered medical services. Moreover, the IoT is expected to play an active role in the five major tasks of facility hygiene in medical fields, which are all required to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic: social distancing, contact tracking, bed occupancy control, and air quality management. Ultimately, the IoT is expected to serve as a key element for hospitals to perform their original functions more effectively. Continuing investments, deregulation policies, information protection, and IT standardization activities should be carried out more actively for the IoT to fulfill its expectations.
Development of the SIKRIBO Mobile Health Application for Active Tuberculosis Case Detection in Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Sri Ratna , Zainafree Intan , Merzistya Aufiena Nur Ayu , Cahyati Widya Hary , Farida Eko , Wandastuti Anggun Dessita , Isbandi  , Wahidah Nur , Saefurrohim Muhamad Zakki , Islam Muhamad Anbiya Nur , Fajri Alvy , Subagja Mona
Published: November 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to document the development and usability testing of SIKRIBO, a tuberculosis screening application.Methods: The SIKRIBO application was developed using design science research methodology, which has six steps: problem identification and motivation, definition of objectives for a solution, product design and development, demonstration, evaluation, and communication. A system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire was used to assess application usability. A total of 20 health cadres (trained community members) and health workers participated in the usability tests.Results: Two versions of the application were developed: Android-based for users and web-based for administrators. The Android-based version has four main menus: Find Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis Education, Latest Info, and Profile. The web version is accessible to health workers, as well as the research team and application developers who monitor and manage the user-conducted screenings. The average SUS score was 76 (standard deviation, 8.00).Conclusions: This application was developed to help detect active tuberculosis cases in the community. The SUS results indicate that the application is highly usable. Thus, SIKRIBO is expected to be broadly implemented to increase tuberculosis case detection through active community participation.
Simulation Education Incorporating Academic Electronic Medical Records for Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hong Soomin , Cho Insook , Park Myonghwa , Lee Joo Yun , Lee Jisan , Choi Mona
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Academic electronic medical records (AEMRs) can be utilized for a variety of educational programs that can enhance nursing students’ nursing informatics and clinical reasoning competencies. This study aimed to identify the applicability and effectiveness of simulation education incorporating AEMRs.Methods: We developed simulation education scenarios incorporating AEMRs and evaluated them with 76 third- and fourth-year nursing students from five nursing schools using a mixed-methods design. We incorporated three simulation case scenarios involving preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus, and myocardial infarction into the AEMRs. After the simulation education, participants’ feedback on the usability of the AEMR system and their self-efficacy for AEMR utilization were collected via self-reported surveys. Subsequently, the simulation education incorporating AEMRs was evaluated through a focus group interview. The survey data were examined using descriptive statistics, and thematic analysis was done for the focus group interview data.Results: The average mean scores for the AEMR system’s usability and participants’ self-efficacy for AEMR utilization were 5.36 of 7 and 3.96 of 5, respectively. According to the focus group interviews, the participants were satisfied with the simulation education incorporating AEMRs and recognized their confidence in AEMR utilization. In addition, participants addressed challenges to simulation education incorporating AEMRs, including the need for pre-education and AEMR utilization difficulties.Conclusions: Nursing students weresatisfied with and recognized the value of simulation education incorporating AEMRs. Although the actual application ofsimulation education incorporating AEMRs remains challenging, further research can help develop and implement this approachfor nursing students.
Sonographic Findings in Patients with First Trimester Vaginal Bleeding in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
Authors: Yahuza M.A. , Abba M. , Fatima N.M. , Dambele M.Y.
Published: November 2022

Background: Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy is a common presentation in acute gyneacological settings. Ultrasonography is a popular and  faster option for evaluating patients with these conditions. This is because it is a readily available, safe, and non-invasive imaging method for  evaluating pregnancies, especially in the first trimester.

Objective: To assess thesonographic findings in pregnant patients with first-trimester vaginal bleeding.

Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study from patient’s record that was presented to the radiology department for a pelvic ultrasound on account of vaginal bleeding in their first trimester pregnancies for the year 2020. A prepared data collection sheet was used to document the  sonographic findings for further analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and the results were presented in tables.

Results: A total of 120  pregnant patients were recruited, with their ages ranging from 17- 47 years. The mean age was 29.59± 6.68 years.  Threatened abortion was the common finding (32.5%), followed by complete abortion (30.8%), incomplete abortion (24.2%), missed abortion (5%),  and ectopic pregnancy (3.3%). Anembyonic pregnancy had (2%) while inevitable abortion and molar gestation had (1.7%) each.

Conclusion: Ultrasonography has proven to be a reliable diagnostic tool for patients with the first trimester bleeding Threatened and incomplete  abortion were the common sonographic findings. Patients presenting with this clinical indication stand a chance to enjoy the timely results from  ultrasound which will facilitate physicians' decision on the next ideal management for better outcomes.
Sonographic Dimension of Fetal Nuchal Translucency in Kano Metropolis: A single Center Study
Authors: Abba M. , Aisha J.A. , Barde M.
Published: November 2022

Background: Nuchal Translucency Thickness (NTT) is a hypo-echoic region of subcutaneous fluid accumulation in the posterior neck region at the  level of the cervical spine between the skin and soft tissues and is mostly found at 11–13 weeks of fetal gestation. It is visualised with a mid-sagittal  ultrasound view of the fetus in a neutral position. The NTT provides a risk assessment for chromosomal abnormalities which has been used as a  marker of possible fetal abnormalities. Hence, the justification to conduct the present study.

Aim: To establish the mean fetal nuchal translucency thickness with corresponding gestational age (GA) and to assess the correlation between  Crown Rump Length (CRL), GA, and NTT among apparently healthy pregnant women.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 apparently normal consenting pregnant women in their late first trimester in the  Radiology department of Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano from February 2021 to May 2021. Ultrasonographic measurements of  the crown-rump length (CRL), gestational age (GA), and NTT were performed on pregnancies within 11 to 13 weeks of gestation. Their 2.5th,  25th, median and 97.5th percentiles of the NTT, GA, and CRL were determined using SPSS version 23 (IBM, 2017). Indicate correlation… as part of  the analysis.

Results: Median NTT at 11-13+6 weeks of gestation was found as 3.0±0.10mm. The NT thickness increased with increasing CRL and gestational  week in the first trimester. The correlation coefficient between NTT and CRL as well as GA were 0.472 and 0.451, respectively.

Conclusion: The  overall mean NTT in Kano fetuses was determined. These should be useful for first-trimester screening in ruling out potential fetal chromosomal  abnormalities in Kano, Nigeria.
Helminth-HIV co-infection and malnutrition impact on immunity in Africa: dearth of empirical evidence
Authors: Zongo Dramane , Mkhize-Kwitshana Zilungile , Sorgho Hermann , Mabaso Musa , Mduluza Takafira
Published: November 2022

Helminthiasis is frequently co-endemic with HIV/AIDS in developing countries and the co-infection induces many consequences of health that can be aggravated by the nutritional status. The relationship between malnutrition and infection is complex, especially in immune deficiency. Given this intricate relationship between malnutrition, HIV epidemic and helminth infection in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a need to understand the dynamics, impact to general health and the burden in the region. This paper provide in a nutshell a systematic review and a quantitative summary of the work focusing on this relationship. A search was conducted to identify studies on malnutrition and HIV-helminth co-infection impact on immunity in Africa, using the search terms “malnutrition” and “HIV” and “HIV-helminth co-infection” and “Africa” or “malnutrition” and “HIV” or “HIV-helminth” limited to Africa. The search was also limited to human studies from the databases available on PubMed, and Google scholar. The database was searched with language, region and year restrictions (only articles in English and French and all publications from 1999 to 2013). The results showed that no study has been conducted on the intersections between malnutrition and HIV/helminth co-infection. So no article met criteria for potential inclusion and these focused on nutrition and HIV-helminth co-infection impact on immunity in Africa. There is no study conducted in Africa that investigated the immune aspect and the relationship between nutrition and HIV-helminth co-infection. The results of this review suggest insufficient data to determine whether malnutrition and HIV-helminth co-infection impact on immunity. There is strong recommendation to conduct such kind of studies in Africa where malnutrition and HIV-helminth co-infection are common.
Determination of phenolic compound contents in fruits of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) from Chad
Authors: Mbaiogaou Abel , Madjitoloum Betoloum Salomon , Mbaihougadobe Sévérin , Naitormbaide Michel , Sale Samuel , Mahmout Yaya
Published: November 2022

Momordica charantia L. (cucurbitaceae), is a plant whose fruits are widely consumed in Chad. Seeds, green and ripe pulps of the fruits of this plant were subject of this study. The total polyphenols, antioxidants, flavonoids and anthocyanins were evaluated by the Folin - Ciocalteu, DPPH, iron trichloride and pH-differential methods respectively. The total polyphenol obtained were 9.368 mg GAE/g for the seeds extract, 9.068 mg GAE/g for the green pulp extract and 8.505 mg GAE/g for the mature pulp extract. The total antioxidant were 2.351, 2.074 and 1.365 mg QE/g for seeds, green pulp and ripe pulp respectively. The total flavonoid was 0.818 mg QE/g for seeds, 0.812 mg QE/g for green pulp and 0.808 mg EQ/g for ripe pulp. The total anthocyanin for seed, green and ripe pulp extracts were 0.360, 0.318 and 0.238 mg/g, respectively. The results of the polyphenol assays of the samples after traditional culinary transformed, show that the thermal transformation has a negative impact which is characterized by a decrease in the polyphenol contents. Percentages of total polyphenols after culinary transformation were 11.28; 8.84 and 8.26% respectively for the extracts of green pulp, seeds and ripe pulp.
Identification des critères et risques de la création du corridor écologique transfrontalier entre le Liberia et la Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Ouattara Karim , Yeo Elisée Napari , Kone Inza , Schafner Blandine
Published: November 2022

Depuis plusieurs décennies la pression sur les aires protégées s’accroit à travers des infiltrations humaines pour la chasse, l’agriculture et l’orpaillage. De nos jours, les couloirs écologiques constituent une alternative durable face à la fragmentation et à l’isolement des aires protégées. Afin d’anticiper sur les éventuelles conséquences d’un isolement consommé du Parc national de Taï en Côte d’Ivoire et celui de Grebo Khran au Liberia, les gouvernements des deux pays ont décidé de mettre en place un corridor écologique entre ces parcs. Dans l’optique de réussir ce processus de conservation, une étude a été menée pour identifier les critères et les risques à prendre en compte dans la mise en place d’un tel couloir écologique. Pour cela, une analyse bibliographique basée sur l’écologie de plusieurs espèces animales a été réalisée en combinaison avec des consultations inclusives à travers des enquêtes et des rencontres ciblées avec les parties prenantes, dont les communautés locales, les décideurs et les scientifiques. Ainsi, cette étude a décrit les principaux critères et risques institutionnels, socio-économiques et écologiques ainsi que les principaux risques sanitaires. Il ressort de l’étude que le développement d’un tel couloir écologique repose sur des fondements écologiques et des enjeux institutionnels et socio-économiques.

For several decades the pressure on protected areas has been increasing through human infiltration for hunting, agriculture, and gold mining. Nowadays, ecological corridors are a sustainable alternative to the fragmentation and isolation of protected areas. In order to anticipate the possible consequences of a consummate isolation of the Taï National Park in Côte d'Ivoire and the Grebo Khran National Park in Liberia, the governments of both countries have decided to establish an ecological corridor between these parks. With a view to the success of this conservation process, a study was carried out to identify the criteria and risks to be considered in the establishment of such an ecological corridor. For this purpose, a literature review based on the ecology of several animal species was carried out in combination with inclusive consultations through surveys and targeted meetings with stakeholders, including local communities, decision makers and scientists. The study described the main institutional, socio-economic, and ecological criteria and risks, as well as the main health risks. This study shows that the development of such an ecological corridor is based on ecological foundations and institutional and socio-economic issues.
Evaluation of 3-MCPD content of commonly consumed food in Côte d'Ivoire using bimodal UV-Vis/electrochemistry technique
Authors: Aka Martin Alla , Fodjo Essy Kouadio , Williams Irie Bi Irié , Narcisse Pomi Bi Boussou , Sylvestre Koffi Koffi Kra , Albert Trokourey , Yang Guangxin , Kong Cong
Published: November 2022

3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is known as one of the neo-formed contaminants widely distributed in foodstuffs, especially in processed foods with high sides effects for human health. In this study, 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) content for eleven (11) different types of foods from local market were evaluated in two ways using: (1) cysteine modified AgNPs (Cys-AgNPs) as functional nanomaterials for UV-Vis technique, and (2) gold-modified by Cys-AgNPs (Cys-AgNPs/Au) in electrochemistry sensor. High concentrations of 3-MCPD were found in most studied samples namely in liquid foods (palm oil and frying oil from tuna fish), fried foods (fried ripe banana, roasted peanut, banana chips, fried tuna and potato fries), smoked mackerel and roasted foods (pork barbecue). The maximum 3-MCPD content were 1085 μg/kg in liquid foods, 582 μg/kg in fried foods, 156 μg/kg in smoked and 716 μg/kg in roasted foods. As exhibited, the level of 3-MCPD in food products on the Ivorian market is relatively higher. This study indicates the importance of monitoring 3-MCPD content in food products for both domestic and industrial processing.
Performance investigation of ANFIS and PSO DFFP based boost converter with NICI using solar panel
Authors: Nagarajan C. , Umadevi K. , Saravanan S. , Muruganandam M.
Published: November 2022

The modeling and development of the boost DC to DC converter with Partial Swarm Optimization with Distinctive Feed Forward Propagation (PSO-DFFP) controller for hybrid power systems including solar panels. The static and dynamic investigation of the developed PSO DEEP controller is presented. The PSO-DFFP controller has been designed to improve the operating efficiency and reduces the input converter current ripple. The PSO DFFP controller is developed and performance is compared with ANFIS and FLC. The developed system reduces the switching losses and voltage drops in switching modes. The designed system is demonstrated and developed with 200W, 100kHz model. The investigation results is exposed that the developed PSO DEEP system is an acceptable for SOLAR applications.
Assessment of Agroforestry Practices in Ago-Owu Forest Reserve, Ayedaade Local Government area, Osun State, South-western Nigeria
Authors: Falana A. R. , Ademigbuji A. T. , Odeyale O. C. , Ibode T. R. , Ojo-Fakuade F. F. , Bamigboye T. O. , Aigbokhan O. J.
Published: November 2022

Agroforestry is a collective name for land use systems and practices in which woody perennials are integrated with food crop and forestry, either in a spatial mixture or in a temporal sequence and there are normally both ecological and economic interactions between woody and non woody components. This study investigated types of agroforestry practiced, the impact of agroforestry on the lives of people, assessed the impact of agroforestry on the environment, and identified possible problems associated with agroforestry system in Ago-owu Forest Reserve, Ayedaade Local Government area of Osun State, Nigeria by collecting samples from Mokore, Ajegunle and Alabameta villages using verified methods. Sampling intensity of 10% for population below 500, 5% sampling intensity for population between 500 and 1000 and 2.5% sampling intensity for the population above 1000. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered, thirty copies of questionnaires were distributed both in Mokore and Ajegunle and twenty in Alabameta. The result was analysed using Descriptive Statistics such as frequency tables, percentages, bar chart and Chi square. The result showed that 47.5 % of the respondents are involved in Agri-silviculture. The benefits derived from agroforestry was also unfolded, they are medicinal (11.25%), Income generation (52.5%), production of food crop (33.75%) and non-timber forest products generation (2.5%). The impact of agroforestry to the environment includes Soil erosion control (48.75%), Soil stabilization (31.25%), and (Stable environment 20%).
Assessment of Heavy Metals in Tomatoes, Green Beans and some Vegetables on Road Side Farms in Farin-Lamba, Jos South Local Government Area Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole S. A. , Ukwede R. O. , Igwemmar N. C.
Published: November 2022

Heavy metals retention by vegetables and crops planted along road-side is of awesome concern due to dangers associated with human health risks. This paper therefore evaluates the levels of heavy metals in onion bulbs, onion leaves, tomato fruit, cabbage, carrot roots, green beans and green pepper on Road-side Farms in Farin-Lamba, Jos South Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria using AAS model AA240FS. The results of analysis show that the mean concentration of the heavy metals obtained by sum of all the plants analyzed were Cd: 0.633 ±.02; Cu: 0.209 ± 0.07; Pb: 0.756 ± 0.5; Cr: 0.566 ±0.07; Mn: 0.457 ± 0.3; Zn: 0.663 ± 0.1 and Ni: 0.057± 0.02, respectively. The result shows that the vegetable samples have high content of lead and low content of nickel. The average values of the heavy metal content obtained were compared to Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and world Health Organization (WHO) Standard limits, cadmium 0.2 mg/kg, copper 0.1 mg/kg, lead 0.3 mg/kg, chromium 2.3 mg/kg, manganese 0.4 mg/kg, zinc 3.3 mg/kg and nickel 5.0 mg/kg. The results from the study show that the mean concentration of chromium, zinc and nickel were within the permissible limits set by FAO/WHO with exception of cadmium, copper, lead and manganese which were higher than the permissible limits. Therefore, consumption of these vegetables by members of the communities where these vegetables were planted or other communities expose the population to adverse effects of these heavy metals. This may pose a serious health challenge on long term consumption of the vegetables.
Combination of Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder and Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate Salt as Biopolymer Based Matrix for Application as Adsorbent for Odor Inhibition in Poultry Farms
Authors: Manu J. M. , Maspalma G. A. , Micah M. M. , Maryam U. A.
Published: November 2022

A biopolymer based matrix of M. Oleifera Seed Powder (MOSP) and Ferrous Sulphate Heptahydrate (FSH) salt was formulated as adsorbent for odor inhibition in poultry farms. The matrix was characterized using FT-IR technique and its performance as adsorbent for NH4+ removal from aqueous solutions was examined via sorption studies. The result showed an excellent sorption performance at 0.1 g sorbent dosage, pH of 9 and 30 min agitation time. This indicates that the matrix possess an excellent ion exchange property and thus a suitable sorbent for NH4+ even in low concentration environment. The study reveals the capacity of the adsorptive matrix as a safe and cost-effective method to be used for ammoniacal odor control from poultry farms which may be applicable to other animal farm operations (AFOs).
Proximate Composition and Metabolizable Energy of Some Commercial Poultry Feeds Available in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Igwemmar N. C. , Kolawole S. A. , Omoniyi A. O. , Bwai D. M. , Fagbohun A. A. , Falayi O. E.
Published: November 2022

Poultry feeds are prepared to contain all the nutrients in their right proportions necessary for good health, proper growth and egg production of the chicken. This study was undertaken to determine the proximate composition and variations of nutrient in some commercial poultry feeds sold in Abuja, Nigeria. Seven poultry feed brands in their various ratios were subjected to proximate analysis using standard methods. The results of the analysis revealed that the poultry feeds had proximate composition ranging from 6.58 ± 0.02 - 10.88 ± 0.19 % moisture content, 6.03 ± 0.16 - 14.78 ± 0.73 % ash content, 9.98 ± 0.81 - 20.05 ± 0.08 % crude lipid, 3.57 ± 0.11 - 14.77 ± 0.14 % crude fiber, 16.55 ± 0.07 % - 34.01 ± 0.09 % crude protein, 26.28 ± 1.80 % - 48.21 ± 2.07 % carbohydrate and 2971.48 ± 65.44 - 3686.18 ± 29.08 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy. Generally, there were differences in the proximate composition of the poultry feed brands analyzed, however, the poultry feeds have optimum nutrients in their feeds which meet most of the requirements recommended by SON and NRC. The moisture contents in all the feeds were within the recommended value of not more than 12 % while the mean values obtained in crude lipid were all higher than the maximum recommended requirements in poultry feeds.
Conference of the Paediatric Association of Nigeria, fifty years post inception: Feedback from conference attendees
Authors: Chioma Okechukwu , Chigozie Ideh Readon
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Objectives: The Annual General Meeting and Scientific Conference of the Paediatrics Association of Nigeria has been a yearly event holding in different cities in Nigeria in the past 50 years. It is the largest gathering of child health care workers in the country and plays a major role in information dissemination as well as advocacy for the Nigerian child. This study set out to assess the perception of the conference attendees concerning key aspects of the conference.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done on participants attending the 50th anniversary of the Paediatric Association of Nigeria Conference in Ibadan, Nigeria. A self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire designed by the authors was used to obtain sociodemographic and conference perception data. The data was analysed using SPSS version 20.
Results: There were 133 respondents, 92 (69.2%) females and 41 (30.8%) males. 42.9% of respondents were Consultants. The study participants cut across the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Most, 92(69.2%) of the participants had attended the conference up to 3 times. The common reasons given for attending the conference were career growth(53.4%) and information gathering (27.1%). 106 (79.7%) of the participants reported that the oral abstract presentations were their most preferred aspect of the conference.52 (39.1%) of the participants were satisfied with all aspects of the conference while 6(4.5%) of the participants felt the accommodation arrangements for the conference should be improved upon. Suggestions made by participants of areas to be included in the schedule of activities during the conference included city touring, aerobics/sports and mentoring activities. While 51(38.3%) of the participants were unable to select the best of the paediatric conferences they have attended, 26 (19.5%) affirmed that the PAN conference in Abuja 2018 was their best.
Conclusion: Career growth and the academic aspects of the Paediatric Association of Nigeria Conference are major attractions for conference attendance. The social and supporting aspects of the conference should be improved to boost attendees’ overall satisfaction.
Can clinical features predict Lassa virus positivity and outcome in children suspected of Lassa virus disease in a tertiary hospital, Southeast Nigeria?
Authors: Orji Maria-Lauretta Chito , Onyire Benson Nnamdi , Ogeh Chijioke Ogodo
Published: November 2022

Background: Lassa virus disease (LVD) is of public health concern in endemic countries of Africa. Majority of Lassa virus infections are asymptomatic while symptomatic cases can mimic other infections. This study was aimed at determining the clinical features seen in children with positive Lassa virus PCR and symptoms that determine outcome of LVD in an endemic community, Southeast Nigeria.
Materials and methods: It was a prospective observational study that enrolled 183 children that met the criteria for LVD suspects. These were subjected to the Lassa virus polymerase chain reaction test (PCR). Structured questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information from suspects.
Results: Twenty-four out of the 183 were positive to Lassa virus PCR, giving a positivity rate of 13.1%. The odds of having a positive Lassa PCR result was about 4 times in children with history of abdominal pain (OR= 3.65, p= 0.010) and about 3 times in Lassa fever suspects with vomiting (OR= 2.63, p= 0.040). However these symptoms had low sensitivity and positive predictive values of 42% and 28% for abdominal pain, and 42%, 23% for vomiting respectively. Seven out of 24 children died during the study period, giving a case fatality rate of 29.2%, with bleeding (83.3%) and poor urine volume (83.3%) as major causes of case fatality.
Conclusion: Vomiting and abdominal pain though were common presentations besides fever, had low sensitivity and positive predictive values for LVD, therefore cannot predict a positive Lassa PCR result. Awareness creation for a Lassa virus PCR test after 2 days of treatment of febrile illness is advocated.