bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
American-ish
Authors: Shah Samir S.
Published: August 2024

In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatric infectious disease physician relates how he has learned to understand the protective role of code-shifting in his life and how that understanding has aided him in promoting an inclusive environment in academic medicine.
Edge‐based event‐triggered output feedback control for stochastic multi‐agent systems
Authors: Zhu Chuanxi , Chang Beibei
Published: August 2024

This article considers the problem of edge‐based event‐triggered output feedback control for linear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with state‐independent process and measurement noise under undirected communication topologies. The main breakthroughs are the design of distributed event‐triggered output feedback control strategy and the stochastic stability analysis. Toward this, first, according to Kalman filtering theory, An observer is contrasted to optimally estimate the state of each agent. Next, a novel edge‐based event‐triggered mechanism (EBETM) is designed to reduce the communication frequency among agents effectively, and a positive interval between events is enforced in EBETM, which can eliminate the Zeno behavior. Then, stability of the estimation error and the consensus error systems is analyzed, the execution error is estimated and the almost sure consensus is achieved. Finally, a numerical example is given to show that MASs achieves almost sure consensus and there is a positive interval between the events of all edges.
Mechanically Robust and Thermal Insulating Silica/Aramid Nanofiber Composite Aerogel Fibers with Dual Networks for Fire‐Resistant and Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Li Jia , Hu Xiangning , Pan Yao , Qian Jin , Qiang Zhe , Meng Zheyi , Ye Changhuai , Zhu Meifang
Published: August 2024

Aerogel fibers, known for their lightweight and exceptional thermal insulation properties, provide an ideal material solution for fabricating triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for self‐powered wearable electronics in extreme environments, such as firefighting gear. However, current aerogel fibers face limitations due to their poor mechanical properties and lack of performance stability under harsh conditions. Herein, a facile strategy for preparing silica/aramid nanofiber (ANF) composite aerogel fibers with interpenetrated dual networks and a silica‐dominant component (≈64 wt.%) is demonstrated; the unique structure and composition endow the composite aerogel fibers with high tensile strength (3.4 MPa), low thermal conductivity (0.033 W (m·K)−1), a large specific surface area (587 m2 g−1), and outstanding fire resistance at 95% porosity, combining the best properties of both ANF and silica aerogel. Moreover, the composite aerogel fibers exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility at extremely low temperatures (−196 °C) and maintain structural integrity even when exposed to flame for up to 5 min. Leveraging these exceptional properties, composite aerogel fiber‐based TENGs show high electrical output performance before and after combustion (>94% retention). The fabrication strategy offers promising opportunities for modulating the properties and functionalities of aerogel fibers on demand, holding great potential for future applications in wearable smart protective fabrics for extreme environments.
Reconfigurable Metasurface with Multiple Functionalities of Frequency‐Selective Rasorber, Frequency‐Selective Surface, Absorber, and Reflector
Authors: Yang Rui , Luo Zhangjie , Liang Jing Cheng , Dai Jun Yan , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun
Published: August 2024

Multi‐functional metasurfaces have shown great promise in tackling complex electromagnetic issues. Reconfigurable frequency‐selective Rasorbers (FSRs) have recently received growing attraction, but existing designs are constrained in their switchable modes, typically limited to FSR/Absorber or FSR/frequency‐selective surface (FSS). To address this limitation, a new metasurface that integrates four different functioning modes, including FSR, FSS, Absorber, and Reflector is proposed, which can be dynamically switched as demanded. The design is based on the theoretical network model analysis, and its intriguing performances are verified through simulations and experiments both in frequency and time domains. The results show that the FSR and Absorber modes exhibit wide low‐scattering bandwidths with narrow transmission windows that can be turned on or off. These two modes also eliminate the sputtering effect, making it suitable for stealth applications. In contrast, the Reflector mode is efficient in blocking microwaves across a broad spectrum, and a transmission window can be opened in the FSS mode. It is believed this multi‐functional metasurface can serve as a radome to protect against various challenges such as detection, interference, and high‐power invasion.
Solution Processable Phototransistors with Ultra‐High Responsivity Enabled by Hierarchical Poly(3‐Hexylthiophene) Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Bahrami Zahra , Schnittker Kevin , Adi Wihan , Beisenova Aidana , Yesilkoy Filiz , Thompson Dakotah , Andrews Joseph
Published: August 2024

Photodetectors are a key sensing component in enabling emerging technologies. For weak light detection, phototransistors with high responsivity are needed. Furthermore, the ability to fabricate phototransistors using solution processing techniques will enable new form factors, including flexible and large‐area devices. In this work, a novel approach for synthesizing a photosensitive organic/inorganic hybrid semiconducting thin film through solution processing is introduced. The approach involves hierarchical patterning of semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐dyl) (P3HT) through solution‐phase heterogeneous crystallization. The fabricated hybrid phototransistors are qualified through electrical testing at varied illumination profiles within the visible light range. At a wavelength of 470 nm with an optical excitation power of 0.37 µW cm−2, the device exhibits photoresponsivity of 3.53 × 105 AW−1, surpassing other solution‐processed, non‐lead‐containing devices in the literature. The optical response extends from both photogating (low excitation power) and photon‐induced carrier generation (high excitation power). The detectivity of the device is ≈8.7 × 1010 Jones. The transient response includes a rise time of 100 ms and a fall time of 200 ms which is similar to the metrics of other low‐dimensional photodetectors. These findings highlight the prospects of the solution‐processed P3HT/semi‐CNT hybrid platform for advanced photodetection applications with flexible and large‐area form factors.
Multimodal Benefits of a Bimodal Boron Difluoride Complex: Decrypting the Ferroptosis‐Induced Micropolarity‐Alteration, LD‐ER Intimacy, and Steatosis Monitoring
Authors: Chakraborty Barsha , Dutta Tanoy , Koner Apurba Lal
Published: August 2024

Communication between subcellular organelles is crucial for a synchronized cellular response which drives the search for chemical tools to simultaneously visualize dual organelles to unveil these dynamic interactions. A polarity‐sensitive dual organelle targeting dioxaborine derivative, namely DOBEL, which stains lipid droplets (LDs) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) simultaneously is introduced. This report is the first to demonstrate how the intrinsic difference in micropolarity drives the visualization of LDs in the green channel while ER in the red channel involves a single probe. The in situ emission spectra inside these organelles allow polarity quantification, further leading to deciphering the unique microenvironments in different cell lines. Exploiting ratiometric fluorescence imaging revealed how the micropolarity inside both LDs and ER alters during Ferroptosis. Altogether, DOBEL can be used as a superior imaging tool for monitoring LD‐ER interaction during regular status and ferroptosis‐related diseases in living cells.
Low‐Temperature Stable CsPbI2Br Perovskite for Solar Photovoltaics and Blue Photodetection
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Chen Xiang , Pan Xiaoxin , Wu Yongcheng , Wei Jiayun , Tang Jie , Pan Jie , Huang Zhijia , Qu Haohan , Huang Cheng , Wei Zhengrong , Zhang Jun , Duan Jinxia , Wang Hao
Published: August 2024

As an inorganic halide perovskite (IHP), CsPbI2Br has generated enormous publicity due to its suitable optical bandgap (≈1.92 eV) and thermal stability. Unfortunately, the terrible phase stability of CsPbI2Br film will cause a phase change in a wet environment and decelerate light response, seriously hindering the progression of IHP photovoltaics. Herein, a synergistic postmodification strategy with CsBr and MABr to achieve high‐quality CsPbI2Br film at a low‐temperature (≈150 °C) and positive perovskite/carbon interface is presented. Adding a small amount of MABr can promote the crystallization of perovskite. The evaporated CsBr accumulates on the grain boundaries and surface of CsPbI2Br and forms Br‐rich perovskite, which provides the protection of CsPbI2Br and segregation of water vapor. The carbon‐based perovskite solar cell (C‐PeSC) with the modified CsPbI2Br harvests a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.04%. Notably, the unpackaged cell maintains 81% of its original PCE after being stored for 21 days in an air atmosphere with 25–35% humidity. Flexible devices are further manufactured, whose PCE drops to 90% of the initial value during 150 bending cycles. The flexible device also exhibits excellent blue photodetection performances. The maximum responsivity and detection reach 0.68 A W−1 and 8.91 × 1012 Jones, respectively. These findings provide broader avenues for flexible IHP in multifunctional devices.
The Landscape of Smart Biomaterial‐Based Hydrogen Therapy
Authors: Xu Min , Wu Gege , You Qing , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen (H2) therapy is an emerging, novel, and safe therapeutic modality that uses molecular hydrogen for effective treatment. However, the impact of H2 therapy is limited because hydrogen molecules predominantly depend on the systemic administration of H2 gas, which cannot accumulate at the lesion site with high concentration, thus leading to limited targeting and utilization. Biomaterials are developed to specifically deliver H2 and control its release. In this review, the development process, stimuli‐responsive release strategies, and potential therapeutic mechanisms of biomaterial‐based H2 therapy are summarized. H2 therapy. Specifically, the produced H2 from biomaterials not only can scavenge free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), but also can inhibit the danger factors of initiating diseases, including pro‐inflammatory cytokines, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and heat shock protein (HSP). In addition, the released H2 can further act as signal molecules to regulate key pathways for disease treatment. The current opportunities and challenges of H2‐based therapy are discussed, and the future research directions of biomaterial‐based H2 therapy for clinical applications are emphasized.
Dewdrop Metasurfaces and Dynamic Control Based on Condensation and Evaporation
Authors: Jia Runqi , Jing Yongxin , Chu Hongchen , Peng Ruwen , Wang Mu , Lai Yun
Published: August 2024

Dewdrops, the droplets of water naturally occurring on leaves and carapaces of insects, are a fascinating phenomenon in nature. Here, a man‐made array of dewdrops with arbitrary shapes and arrangements, which can function as an electromagnetic metasurface, is demonstrated. The realization of the dewdrop array is enabled by a surface covered by a tailored pattern of hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings, where tiny droplets of water can aggregate and form dewdrops on the former. Interestingly, this metasurface made of dewdrops can be modulated by the condensation and evaporation process. By increasing relative humidity and decreasing temperature, the dewdrop metasurface is gradually formed with increasing amounts of water. While the reverse operation can make it completely disappear. This idea is demonstrated through two examples with different functions of dynamically controllable microwave absorption and scattering. The work shows a principle to construct functional electromagnetic devices with dewdrops, as well as a mechanism of dynamic control based on condensation and evaporation, promising unprecedented applications.
Targeting Bacteria‐Induced Ferroptosis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote the Repair of Infected Bone Defects
Authors: Yuan Kai , Yang Yiqi , Lin Yixuan , Zhou Feng , Huang Kai , Yang Shengbing , Kong Weiqing , Li Fupeng , Kan Tianyou , Wang Yao , Cheng Caiqi , Liang Yakun , Chang Haishuang , Huang Jie , Ao Haiyong , Yu Zhifeng , Li Hanjun , Liu Yihao , Tang Tingting
Published: August 2024

The specific mechanisms underlying bacteria‐triggered cell death and osteogenic dysfunction in host bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remain unclear, posing a significant challenge to the repair of infected bone defects. This study identifies ferroptosis as the predominant cause of BMSCs death in the infected bone microenvironment. Mechanistically, the bacteria‐induced activation of the innate immune response in BMSCs leads to upregulation and phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), thus facilitating IRF7‐dependent ferroptosis of BMSCs through the transcriptional upregulation of acyl‐coenzyme A synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4). Moreover, it is found that intervening in ferroptosis can partially rescue cell injuries and osteogenic dysfunction. Based on these findings, a hydrogel composite 3D‐printed scaffold is designed with reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive release of antibacterial quaternized chitosan and sustained delivery of the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1), capable of eradicating pathogens and promoting bone regeneration in a rat model of infected bone defects. Together, this study suggests that ferroptosis of BMSCs is a promising therapeutic target for infected bone defect repair.
Multimodal Intelligent Flooring System for Advanced Smart‐Building Monitoring and Interactions
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Hong Jianlong , Xiao Yukun , Zhang Huiyun , Wu Jun , Shi Qiongfeng
Published: August 2024

The floor constitutes one of the largest areas within a building with which users interact most frequently in daily activities. Employing floor sensors is vital for smart‐building digital twins, wherein triboelectric nanogenerators demonstrate wide application potential due to their good performance and self‐powering characteristics. However, their sensing stability, reliability, and multimodality require further enhancement to meet the rapidly evolving demands. Thus, this work introduces a multimodal intelligent flooring system, implementing a 4 × 4 floor array for multimodal information detection (including position, pressure, material, user identity, and activity) and human–machine interactions. The floor unit incorporates a hybrid structure of triboelectric pressure sensors and a top‐surface material sensor, facilitating linear and enhanced sensitivity across a wide pressure range (0–800 N), alongside the material recognition capability. The floor array is implemented by an advanced output‐ratio method with minimalist output channels, which is insensitive to environmental factors such as humidity and temperature. In addition to multimodal sensing, energy harvesting is co‐designed with the pressure sensors for scavenging waste energy to power smart‐building sensor nodes. This developed flooring system enables multimodal sensing, energy harvesting, and smart‐sport interactions in smart buildings, greatly expanding the floor sensing scenarios and applications.
Enhancing Device Performance with High Electron Mobility GeSn Materials
Authors: Junk Yannik , Concepción Omar , Frauenrath Marvin , Sun Jingxuan , Bae Jin Hee , Bärwolf Florian , Mai Andreas , Hartmann Jean‐Michel , Grützmacher Detlev , Buca Dan , Zhao Qing‐Tai
Published: August 2024

As transistors continue to shrink, the need to replace silicon with materials of higher carrier mobilities becomes imperative. Group‐IV semiconductors, and particularly GeSn alloys, stand out for their high electron and hole mobilities, making them attractive for next‐generation electronics. While Ge p‐channel devices already possess a high hole mobility, here the focus is on enhancing n‐channel transistor performance by utilizing the superior electron mobility of GeSn as channel material. Vertical gate‐all‐around nanowire (GAA NW) transistors are fabricated using epitaxial GeSn heterostructures that leverage the material growth, in situ doping, and band engineering across source/channel/drain regions. It is demonstrated that increasing Sn content in GeSn alloys constantly improves the device performances, reaching a fivefold on‐current improvement over standard Ge devices for 11 at.% Sn content. The present results underline the real potential of the GeSn alloys to bring performance and energy efficiency to future nanoelectronics applications.
Effects of calcium amendments on hydraulic conductivity and sodium content of brine‐impacted soils
Authors: Peterson A. R. , DeSutter T. M. , Daigh A. L. M. , Meehan M. A. , Derby N.
Published: August 2024

High concentrations of sodium chloride dominate oilfield produced waters (brine) of the Williston Basin. When accidental spills of produced waters occur, there is an immediate need to reduce concentrations of chloride, to protect surface and groundwater systems and to reduce concentrations of sodium (Na) in soil to prevent any unwanted swelling and dispersion in soil. Swelling and dispersion of soils will likely occur if sodium adsorption ratio values are too high and the electrical conductivity drops below a certain threshold that is required to maintain flocculation. To prevent this, a calcium (Ca) amendment can be applied to replace Na with Ca on soil exchange sites. Historically, gypsum has been the most common Ca amendment used for improving brine impacted soils. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum is available in North Dakota but is still a sparingly soluble amendment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of calcium acetate (Ca‐Ac) as an amendment for brine‐impacted soils as compared to gypsum. Ca‐Ac has a similar concentration of Ca compared to gypsum but is over 100 times more soluble than gypsum. This laboratory experiment will compare how varying levels of gypsum and Ca‐Ac can influence soil hydraulic conductivity, and chemical and physical properties when mixed with oilfield brine‐impacted soils.
The impact of adopting sustainable agricultural practices with or without chemical pesticides on farmers' technical efficiency: Evidence from rural Burkina Faso
Authors: Maré Tobignaré Florent , Zahonogo Pam , Savadogo Kimseyinga
Published: August 2024

This study analyzes the impact of adopting sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) with or without chemical pesticides on farmers' technical efficiency. We compared three groups of farmers: nonadopters, those adopting SAPs and using chemical pesticides, and those adopting SAPs in the pesticide‐free mode. The study data covered 1912 rural households in Burkina Faso for the 2016–2017 agricultural season. We used an endogenous frontier model and a matching method to address sample selection for both observables and unobservables. The results show that the adoption of pesticide‐free SAPs reduces technical inefficiency compared with the practice of adopting SAPs with pesticides and nonadoption of SAPs. However, our findings show that compared with the nonadoption of SAPs, adoption of SAPs with chemical pesticides did not have a significant effect on technical efficiency. For more efficient and sustainable agriculture, policies should further promote SAPs while advancing biological pest management techniques, as opposed to the use of chemical pesticides. [EconLit Citations: Q1, Q12, Q15, Q16, Q56].
Nonlinear model predictive control for mode‐switching operation of reversible solid oxide cell systems
Authors: Li Mingrui , Allan Douglas A. , Dinh San , Bhattacharyya Debangsu , Dabadghao Vibhav , Giridhar Nishant , Zitney Stephen E. , Biegler Lorenz T.
Published: August 2024

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are a promising dual‐mode technology for the production of hydrogen through high‐temperature water electrolysis, and the generation of power through a fuel cell reaction that consumes hydrogen. Switching between these two modes as the price of electricity fluctuates requires reversible SOC operation and accurate tracking of hydrogen and power production set points. Moreover, a well‐functioning control system is important to avoid cell degradation during mode‐switching operation. In this article, we apply nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) to an SOC module and supporting equipment and compare NMPC performance to classical proportional‐integral (PI) control strategies, while switching between the modes of hydrogen and power production. While both control methods provide similar performance across various metrics during mode switching, NMPC demonstrates a significant advantage in reducing cell thermal gradients and curvatures (mixed spatial‐temporal partial derivatives), thereby helping to mitigate long‐term degradation.
Shielding effect‐engineered single‐crystalline Ti‐rich nanosized aggregated TS‐1 for 1‐hexene epoxidation
Authors: Zong Ze , Deng Xuliang , Lin Dong , Xu Yang , He Qiuming , Ma Zhe , Chen De , Yang Chaohe , Feng Xiang
Published: August 2024

Titanosilicate with H2O2 stands out as a highly consequential oxidized catalytic system, prized for its user‐friendly operation, mild conditions, and eco‐friendly attributes. However, a synthesis strategy for large surface area titanosilicalites approaching the theoretical lowest Si/Ti ratio without extra‐framework Ti species remains an ongoing challenge. In this study, we successfully synthesized single‐crystalline Ti‐rich nanosized aggregated TS‐1 by shielding effect with a Si/Ti polymer. This polymer demonstrated effectiveness in restraining TiO2 species by regulating the proximity of Si/Ti species in Ti‐Diol‐Si polymers. The polymer not only facilitated the synthesis of single‐crystalline Ti‐rich TS‐1 but also exploited the chain length of PEG, functioning as a shielding cage by hydrogen bonds, to synthesize nanosized aggregated TS‐1 (TS‐1‐PEG400). This TS‐1‐PEG400 exhibited superior conversion (~60%), selectivity (~90%), and stability in 1‐hexene epoxidation. This study not only establishes a synthesis pathway for Ti‐rich TS‐1 but also holds the potential to enhance related industrial oxidation reactions involving titanosilicates and H2O2.
Thermodynamic implications of size, hydrophilicity, and fluorine content on perfluoroalkyl adsorption in NU‐1000
Authors: Johnson Phillip I. , Gregory Garrett N. , Bukowski Brandon C.
Published: August 2024

The molecular mechanisms that drive adsorption are critical for engineering new adsorbents to capture environmental contaminants, such as perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been shown to adsorb some classes of PFAS, yet a fundamental understanding of how PFAS identity and water competition affect adsorption capacity is unknown. Here, grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of perfluoroalkanoic acids (PFAAs) adsorption in the MOF NU‐1000 were performed with coadsorbed water and varying carbon chain length sizes to interrogate how PFAS structure affects adsorption capacity. We found that larger PFAAs adsorb favorably into NU‐1000 than shorter chain PFAAs due to the formation of pore‐filling aggregates that stabilize anionic adsorption to the node. Due to their size and hydrophilicity, shorter chains tend to limit interactions with the adsorbent. These insights offer directions for developing novel materials that promote aggregate formation to capture and retain a wider set of PFAS from aqueous solutions.
Design and Optimization of a Magnetic Field Generator for Magnetic Particle Imaging with Soft Magnetic Materials
Authors: Foerger Fynn , Boberg Marija , Faltinath Jonas , Knopp Tobias , Möddel Martin
Published: August 2024

Magnetic field generators are a key component of Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) systems, and their power consumption is a major obstacle on the path to human‐sized scanners. Despite their importance, a focused discussion of these generators is rare, and a comprehensive description of the design process is currently lacking. This work presents a methodology for the design and optimization of selection field generators operating with soft magnetic materials outside the linear regime in the context of MPI. Key elements are a mathematical model of magnetic field generators, a formalism for defining field sequences, and a relationship between power consumption and field sequence. These are used to define the design space of a field generator given its system requirements and constraints. The design process is then formulated as an optimization problem. Subsequently, this methodology is then utilized to design a new magnetic field generator specifically for cerebral imaging studies. The optimization result outperforms our existing MPI field generator in terms of power consumption and field of view size, providing a proof‐of‐concept for the entire methodology. As the approach is very general, it can be extended beyond the MPI context to other areas such as magnetic manipulation of medical devices and micro‐robotics.
π‐Extended 4,5‐Fused Bis‐Fluorene: Highly Open‐Shell Compounds and their Cationic Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives
Authors: Lirette Frédéric , Bliksted Roug Pedersen Viktor , Gagnon Félix , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Fernández Israel , Morin Jean‐François
Published: August 2024

The synthesis of diradical organic compounds has garnered significant attention due to their thermally accessible spin inversion and optoelectronic properties. Yet, preparing such stable structures with high open‐shell behavior remains challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of four π‐extended, fused fluorene derivatives with high diradical character, taking advantage of a molecular design where the closed‐shell does not include any Clar sextet, comparatively to a maximum of 5 in the corresponding open‐shell state. This led to an unusual open‐shell triplet ground state with an outstanding singlet‐triplet energy difference (ΔEST) of ca. 19 kcal/mol, one of the highest values reported to date for an all‐carbon conjugated scaffold. Incorporation of dithiafulvene units at each end of the molecule (at the five‐membered rings) furnishes extended tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) undergoing reversible oxidations to the radical cation and diradical dication. The various pro‐aromatic structures presented herein show highly localized spin density and a limited conjugation due to the confined π‐electrons in the aromatic cycles, as supported by 1H NMR, UV/Visible, EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
Piper chaba Stem Extract Assisted Facile Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Pervin Shova , Saha Prianka , Rahman S. M. Mahbubur , Ullah Md. Wali , Ahmmad Bashir , Mahiuddin Md.
Published: August 2024

The versatile application of metal‐based nanoparticles has led to a recent rise in interest in the low‐cost and eco‐friendly green chemistry‐based development of metal oxide nanoparticles. This work focuses on the photocatalytic and antibacterial uses of the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) that were produced based on a green approach employing stem extract of Piper chaba. The formation of ZnONPs was preliminary validated by the appearance of an absorption band at 373 nm and a stretching band due to ZnO at 480 cm−1 in UV–Vis and FTIR spectrum, respectively. The crystalline nature of ZnONPs with a hexagonal wurtzite phase and an average crystallite size of 25 nm was validated by XRD analysis. ZnONPs' crystalline nature was further supported by TEM, which further showed that they were mostly cubic in form and had an average length of 30 nm. Synthesized ZnONPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus and lucrative photocatalytic activity with the rate constant value of 0.0273 min−1 towards the degradation of methylene blue under sunlight exposure. Therefore, a facile, affordable, and ecologically sustainable method like this might be used for the large‐scale synthesis of ZnONPs.
Ligand‐Boosted Copper Catalysis for Air‐Tolerant Methoxylation of (Hetero)aryl Halides With Sodium Methoxide
Authors: Xu Ke , Wu Shigang , Zou Gang
Published: August 2024

An air‐tolerant, simple yet highly efficient copper‐catalyzed methoxylation of (hetero)aryl bromides and some activated chlorides has been developed by using copper(II) chloride/2,2‐bipyridine as catalyst precursor. A wide range of (hetero)aryl bromides and electron‐deficient chlorides could be efficiently methoxylated in good to excellent yields at 1‐mol% catalyst loading albeit showing a functional group compatibility dependent on the electronic properties of aryl ring. Applications of the practical protocol have been demonstrated in multigram synthesis of 3,4,5‐trimethoxytoluene.
Enhancing durable electrical conductivity in multi‐walled carbon nanotubes‐epoxy composites via laser repetition rate nanojoining for flexible electronics
Authors: Barayavuga Theogene , Jianlei Cui , wei Fengqi , Mei Huanhuan , Rahman Mostafizur , Wang Zhijun , Mei Xuesong
Published: August 2024

With the development of nanotechnology, laser matter interaction has become intriguing for many applications, including the manufacturing of flexible electronics to improve interface behaviors. Employing high laser repetition rate nanojoining transfer patterning, this study ensures the robust and consistent stability of electrical properties of MWCNTs. This procedure meticulously eliminates contaminants from the interface between flexible PET substrates and carbon nanotube‐containing epoxy, significantly influencing the degree of alteration in composite material and interface behaviors. By increasing the laser repetition rate from the original sample to the sample irradiated by a laser with a repetition rate of 80 kHz, the defect concentration in carbon nanotubes decreases from 0.448 × 106/nm2 to 0.39376 × 106/nm2, respectively. The relationship between defect concentration and electrical conductivity in semiconductor carbon nanotubes under laser irradiation is multifaceted and context‐dependent. Optimizing the laser repetition rate is crucial in defining the kind and density of semiconductor carbon nanotubes. This study found an electrical conductivity of 3.6799 × 10−4 S/m at a laser repetition rate of 80 kHz. Laser ablation nanojoining with a high laser repetition rate is poised to become a key recycling method for plastic materials in future industries. When MWCNTs are used in processing new materials, this method not only enhances the electrical and mechanical properties of recycled plastics but also creates high‐performance composites with added value. Additionally, the quick nature of this process helps minimize toxicity in material processing by reducing exposure time and the need for harmful chemicals. These composites exhibit superior properties suitable for advanced applications such as flexible electronics, sensors, and nanocomposite materials, contributing to both sustainability and economic value in various industrial sectors.
Naphthalene Diimide and Bis‐Heteroleptic Ru(II) Complex‐Based Hybrid Molecule with 3‐in‐1 Functionalities
Authors: Rashid Ambreen , Mondal Sahidul , Musha Islam Abu Saleh , Mondal Subal , Ghosh Pradyut
Published: August 2024

Multipurpose applications of a newly developed homobimetallic Ru(II) complex, Ru‐NDI[PF6]4, which incorporates 1,10‐phenanthroline and triazole‐pyridine ligands and linked via a (−CH2−)3 spacer to the reputed anion‐π interacting NDI system, are described. Solution‐state studies of the bimetallic complex, including EPR, PL, UV‐vis, and NMR experiments, reveal two sequential one‐electron transfers to the NDI unit, generating NDI⋅− and NDI2− in the presence of F− selectively. This process inhibits the primary electron transfer from Ru(II) to the NDI unit, thereby allowing the 3MLCT‐based emission of the complex to be recovered, resulting in a corresponding ten‐fold increase in luminescence intensity. DFT and TD‐DFT computational studies further elucidate the experimentally observed absorption spectra of the complex. Secondly, CT‐DNA binding studies with the complex are performed using various spectroscopic analyses such as UV‐vis, PL, and CD. Comparative DNA binding studies employing EB and molecular docking reveal that the binding with CT‐DNA occurs through both intercalative and groove binding modalities. Thirdly, the photocatalytic activities of the complex towards C−C, C−N, and C−O bond formation in organic cross‐coupling reactions, including the amidation of α‐keto acids to amines and the oxidation of alcohol to aldehydes, are also demonstrated.
Foam Ti Supported Pd Catalysts for the Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics
Authors: Yang Di , Li Weijie , Deng Xin , Chai Yuchao , Wu Guangjun , Li Landong
Published: August 2024

The selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics plays an essential role in the chemical industry for the synthesis of anilines and their derivatives, which are known as crucial fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In this study, we demonstrate the preparation of Pd/Ti monolith catalyst containing well‐isolated metallic Pd sites on Ti substrate through a simple impregnation method, showing remarkable catalytic properties in the selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics containing various functional groups. Kinetic analyses reveal an apparent activation energy of 61 kJ/mol and the kinetic isotope effect (KH2/KD2) of ~1.7 in the hydrogenation of 3‐chloronitrobenzene over Pd/Ti‐200 ppm catalyst, indicating the facile dissociation of dihydrogen and the subsequent efficient hydrogenation. The Pd/Ti‐200 ppm catalyst also demonstrates good stability and recyclability, maintaining its performance over multiple cycles. This simple but innovative approach not only enhances the efficiency of Pd catalysts in the selective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics but also offers significant potential for industrial applications in aniline production.
Evaluation of NAD+ precursors for improved metabolism and productivity of antibody‐producing CHO cell
Authors: Han Hye‐Jin , Kim Hagyeong , Yu Hyun Gyu , Park Jong Uk , Bae Joo Hee , Lee Ji Hwan , Hong Jong Kwang , Baik Jong Youn
Published: August 2024

In the previous study, the culture medium was treated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) under the hypothesis that NAD+ regeneration is a major factor causing excessive lactate accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The NAD+ treatment improved metabolism by not only reducing the Warburg effect but also enhancing oxidative phosphorylation, leading to enhanced antibody production. Building on this, four NAD+ precursors – nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinic acid (NA), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide (NAM) – were tested to elevate intracellular NAD+ levels more economically. First, the ability of CHO cells to utilize both the salvage and Preiss‐Handler pathways for NAD+ biosynthesis was verified, and then the effect of NAD+ precursors on CHO cell cultures was evaluated. These precursors increased intracellular NAD+ levels by up to 70.6% compared to the non‐treated group. Culture analysis confirmed that all the precursors induced metabolic changes and that NMN, NA, and NR improved productivity akin to NAD+ treatment, with comparable integral viable cell density. Despite the positive effects such as the increase in the specific productivity and changes in cellular glucose metabolism, none of the precursors surpassed direct NAD+ treatment in antibody titer, presumably due to the reduction in nucleoside availability, as evidenced by the decrease in ATP levels in the NAD+ precursor‐treated groups. These results underscore the complexity of cellular metabolism as well as the necessity for further investigation to optimize NAD+ precursor treatment strategies, potentially with the supplementation of nucleoside precursors. Our findings suggest a feasible approach for improving CHO cell culture performances by using NAD+ precursors as medium and feed components for the biopharmaceutical production.
WNT5A is a putative epi‐driver of prostate cancer metastasis to the bone
Authors: Wilkinson Emma J. , Raspin Kelsie , Malley Roslyn C. , Donovan Shaun , Nott Louise M. , Holloway Adele F. , Dickinson Joanne L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Current diagnostic tools are unable to distinguish low‐grade indolent prostate cancer (PrCa) from that with a propensity to become metastatic and/or lethal. Recent evidence suggests that reprogramming of the transcriptome may drive the metastatic phenotype, and that this reprogramming is controlled, at least in part, by epigenetic changes to the DNA of cancer cells, including methylation. These changes, referred to as ‘epigenetic drivers,’ have previously been associated with cancer cell survival.

Methods

Here, using Illumina Methylation EPIC array data of paired primary PrCa and metastatic bone samples, we identified WNT5A as a putative epi‐driver of PrCa metastasis to the bone, which was further validated in vitro.

Results

Significantly higher WNT5A methylation was observed in primary PrCa samples and 22Rv1 cells compared to metastatic bone samples and PC‐3 cells. This higher methylation was associated with significantly lower WNT5A gene expression.

Conclusion

Given the limited effective therapies available for metastatic cancer sufferers, particularly those whose disease has metastasised to the bone, WNT5A presents as a potential putative target for therapy.
Migrated toothpick causing a hepatic abscess with portal vein thrombosis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Joueidi Faisal , Alzahrani Ali A. , Altaweel Abdulaziz A. , Alwhaibi Omar , Elgohary Ahmed , Bin Saad Khalid O.
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Accidental foreign body ingestion is the most common hidden cause of abdominal pain. A high index of suspicion should be implemented in patients with unresolved abdominal pain. Here we reported a 54‐year‐old patient with vague abdominal pain who had a successful laparoscopic removal of a toothpick.

Toothpicks and fish bones are considered one of the most common accidentally ingested foreign bodies. Fortunately, most patients are asymptomatic. About 80%–90% of ingested foreign bodies pass through the gut spontaneously within a week. We present a case of a 54‐year‐old female with chronic epigastric pain and fever found to have a foreign body (toothpick) that penetrated the stomach and migrated to the liver causing liver abscess with portal vein thrombosis. The patient was managed with laparoscopic removal of the foreign body with an uneventful postoperative course.
Surgical and oncologic approach to leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: A case report
Authors: Maniso Feleke Hailmariam , Woldegeorgis Mathewos Assefa , Bedada Hawi Furgassa
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

LMS of IVC needs a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical excision with free margin is the cornerstone of management. Upon case‐by‐case selection, adjuvant chemotherapy may play a role in better oncologic outcome.

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare form of mesenchymal origin malignancy with less than 400 cases reported to date. Surgery is the mainstay of management but it requires vast experience in vascular and visceral surgery to attain a free tumor margin. Subsequent adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and radiation remains as an area of gray zone. We report the case of a 61‐year‐old man with an 8‐month history of abdominal pain. Upon physical examination, an ill‐defined mass over the right side of the lower abdomen and bilateral lower extremity edema were detected. Abdominal ultrasound with Doppler revealed a right‐side retroperitoneal mass invading the IVC with extensive venous thrombosis for which anticoagulation was initiated. Computed Tomography of the abdomen revealed a huge heterogeneously enhancing mass involving the whole length of the infrarenal IVC obstructing the IVC lumen with collateral veins draining through the paralumbar veins and inferior epigastric veins bilaterally. With a top differential of primary IVC LMS, a midline longitudinal laparotomy was performed with an intraoperative finding of a tumor arising from the infra‐renal IVC which was excised. Gore‐Tex graft was used to reconstruct the IVC. There was an injury to the right common iliac artery and it was repaired by end‐to‐end anastomosis. Histopathology confirmed a high‐grade LMS of the IVC and surgical margin status was unknown. He was given adjuvant Chemotherapy consisting of Doxorubicin and Dacarbazine. He has been on follow‐up at the Oncology side with a good performance status.
The use of negative pressure therapy for the treatment of gunshot wounds in a limited resource setting in eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo: Case series
Authors: Munguakonkwa Paul Budema , de Dieu Namegabe Tumsifu Jean , Murhula Gauthier Bahizire , Kuhigwa Georges Toha , Cikomola Fabrice Gulimwentuga , Kabesha Théophile Barwamire , Kibendelwa Zacharie Tsongo , Mukuku Olivier , Okitotsho Stanis Wembonyama
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

The use of negative pressure therapy in the management of gunshot wound have a favorable outcome, NPT is easy to build, accelerates wound budding, reduces patient's stay in hospital and its low cost. It showed reassuring results in the management of wound with soft tissue lost, comparatively to other dressing.

Wounds due to gunshot injuries are common in east of Republic Democratic of Congo and its management should be well known by surgeons and other health practitioners. Reconstruction is possible with simple surgeries using skin grafts and negative pressure therapy (NPT). In this study, we present our results of wounds treatment after gunshot injury with a simple non‐surgical procedure using NPT. We present four patients with soft tissue losses caused by gunshot injury. These patients underwent an average of four to eight sessions of vacuum dressing, the length of hospital stay was decrease and soft tissue losses were reconstructed using at the end skin grafts.
Ammonia Synthesis Rate Over a Wide Operating Range: From Experiments to Validated Kinetic Models
Authors: Nadiri Solmaz , Attari Moghaddam Alireza , Folke Jan , Ruland Holger , Shu Bo , Fernandes Ravi , Schlögl Robert , Krewer Ulrike
Published: August 2024

With the increasing demand for flexible operation of ammonia production, the feasibility of using reaction kinetic models to predict the performance of a Haber Bosch reactor in a wide operating range must be evaluated. This study compares the feasibility of a lumped Temkin rate expression with a more complex lumped microkinetic model in predicting turnover rates across diverse temperatures and feed compositions. Evaluation and validation were carried out through ammonia synthesis experiments on a magnetite‐based industrial catalyst at temperatures ranging from 548 K to 773 K and H2 : N2 ratios between 4 : 1 to 1 : 1 at 90 bar. While excellent agreement between model predictions and experiments was observed at 648 K, significant discrepancies emerged at 548 K. These findings are valuable for both state‐of‐the‐art ammonia synthesis reactors and green ammonia plants utilizing electrolysis‐derived hydrogen, where flexible operating conditions are paramount. Moreover, integrating site density as a function of temperature and the partial pressure of H2 into the lumped microkinetic model marks a notable advancement, promising enhanced precision in addressing varied operating conditions.
In Situ Transformation of Hybrid Bismuth Halide into Rhombohedral Bismuth for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Tian Bao‐Qiang , Hou Juan‐Juan , Wang Ting , Gao Yang , Zhang Junming , Lu Wenbo , Jia Jianfeng
Published: August 2024

Bi‐based electrocatalysts have attracted high attention due to their high selectivity for formate, low cost, and high biocompatibility. Surface modification with halides can adjust the surface charge distribution of metal catalysts, thereby regulating the binding force of the intermediate. Organic‐inorganic hybrid bismuth halides provide an alternative, especially low dimensional structures. Herein, zero‐dimensional hybrid bismuth halides containing Bi4I16 units (denoted as Bi4I16) was recommended as pre‐catalyst due to the Bi ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Bi spacing in Bi4I16 is 4.760 Å, nearly equaling to the Bi ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Bi spacing in rhombohedral Bi (4.750 Å). The equal spacing may be more beneficial for the electricity‐driven in situ conversion and rearrangement of Bi atoms in the catalytic process. As a contrast, zero‐dimensional bismuth halide containing Bi2I9 units (denoted as Bi2I9) with shorter Bi ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Bi spacing (4.2415 Å) was prepared. The working electrode prepared by Bi4I16 ink was measured for CO2RR, and the partial formate current density can reach 8.2 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V vs RHE. The Bi4I16 catalyst delivers a maximum Faradaic Efficiency (FE, ~80 %) for formate at −0.86 V vs RHE and maintain a FE higher than 78.5 % after 16 h.
Halogen Bond Assisted Light Responsiveness of Para‐Quinone Methides for 1,6‐Conjugate Addition Reactions
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Justin Thomas K. R.
Published: August 2024

The ability to change the essential characteristics of the molecular systems using light is highly promising and finds use in photocatalysis and materials chemistry. A critical requirement for such systems is that molecules should directly absorb light in the visible region. Though small molecule activation by visible light is challenging, they on complexation with certain species respond to visible light favourably. Herein, we disclose the catalytic application of CBr4 as a halogen bond donor catalyst to activate para‐quinone methides towards visible light photo‐catalysed reactions. This protocol facilitates 1,6‐conjugate addition reactions with various nucleophiles, forming C−C and C−O bonds in para‐quinone methides, yielding the desired products in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic investigations reveal that para‐quinone methide responds to visible light only when complexed with CBr4. The synthetic utility of this protocol is demonstrated through the one‐pot synthesis of spiro‐cyclohexadienone compounds from 2‐naphthol and para‐quinone methide.
A Two‐Step Intermolecular Interaction Of Molecular Macroions With Multivalent Counterions
Authors: Xiao Kexing , Zhou Yifan , Xu Xiaohan , Szymanowski Jennifer E. S. , Yang Yuqing , Afsari Bahareh , Burns Peter C. , Liu Tianbo
Published: August 2024

Macroion‐counterion interaction is essential for regulating the solution behaviors of hydrophilic macroions, as simple models for polyelectrolytes. Here, we explore the interaction between uranyl peroxide molecular cluster Li68K12(OH)20[UO2(O2)OH]60 (U60) and multivalent counterions. Different from interaction with monovalent counterions that shows a simple one‐step process, isothermal titration calorimetry, combined with light/X‐ray scattering measurements and electron microscopy, confirm a two‐step process for their interaction with multivalent counterions: an ion‐pairing between U60 and the counterion with partial breakage of hydration shells followed by strong U60‐U60 attraction, leading to the formation of large nanosheets with severe breakage and reconstruction of hydration shells. The detailed studies on macroion‐counterion interaction can be nicely correlated to the microscopic (self‐assembly) and macroscopic (gelation or phase separation) phase transitions in the dilute U60 aqueous solutions induced by multivalent counterions.