bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manejo complejo del hematoma intramural de aorta descendente: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Torres-Restrepo Juan Manuel , Ramirez Ramos Cristhian Felipe , Jimenez-Sanchez Hector , Romero Edwin , Espinosa-Moreno Mario , Saldarriaga Clara
Published: October 2020

Acute aortic syndromes (AAS) include a variety of overlapping anatomical and clinical conditions. Intramural hematoma (IMH), penetrating aortic ulcer (UAP), and aortic dissection occur in isolation or may coexist in the same patient. All entities are potentially life threatening, so prompt diagnosis and management are a primary goal of care. IMH represents 5-30% of all AAS and 60-70% of cases are located in the descending portion of the aorta. The diagnosis relies on a high index of clinical suspicion and on the use of complementary images (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging). Management is conservative, but patients with persistent pain despite treatment, with hemodynamic instability, with a maximum diameter of the aorta of> 55 mm, with periaortic hemorrhage and focal intimal disruptions have a higher risk of mortality in the acute phase, therefore surgical management should be considered initially endovascular. We present the case of a 69-year-old patient, in whom IMH was diagnosed in the course of a hypertensive emergency and who required hybrid management due to high-risk anatomical characteristics with only endovascular management.
Impact of Social Media Advertising On Indian Energy Drink Market
Authors: Thakur Chandan , Roy Ritika , Ray Sourav Guha
Published: October 2020

We have addressed the present study, which discusses the impact on customer brand preferences of social media advertising. Social networking as an immersive business environment where marketers and brand managers can better engage with, communicate and impact consumer decision making (high-energy drinks) on products. This is so important. The new challenge of marketers is to realize that customer-led marketing is a significant marketing feature. When everybody searches for a health alternative in this new situation. All try to keep foot. This is an incentive for the energy drink industry to eventually expand. In the 2020-2025 forecast period, the Indian energy drink market is projected to expand in the CAGR by 9.22%. Energy drinks such as Red Bull, Gatorade, Sting and Mountain Dew are popular. All businesses attract customers through diverse tactics such as cutting prices, promoting celebrities and funding various sports. These businesses have continued to impact people in the rising Energy Drink market. Social media's influence is huge. Social networking ads is the upcoming medium for both businesses to try to build a footprint. Red Bull and Mountain Dew, who have done outstanding marketing work and are still involved in the social media.
Attitudes and Factors Associated With Occurrence of Gender-Based Violence in Rural and Urban Households in Ibadan
Authors: Motunrade Betty Adegbite
Published: October 2020

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is the resultant of gender-related power inequalities at both public and private spheres. GBV occurrence in rural and urban areas of Ibadan is the focus of this study. The study evaluated the attitude and factors associated with GBV occurrence among rural and urban households in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were collected from 200 respondents in Ibadan using interview schedule and structured questionnaire. Descriptive (frequency counts and percentages) and inferential statistics (PPMC and Regression analysis) were used to analyse the data collected. Many of the respondents (53.3%) had a favourable attitude against GBV. Household size (β = 0.204), attitude against GBV (β = -0.394), family influence (β = 0.287), superiority complex (β = 0.633) and substance abuse (β = 0.347) were factors associated with the rate of GBV occurrence. Despite the favourable attitude of people against GBV, the menace is still prevalent in the society. The general public needs enlightenment on the jeopardy associated with GBV. It is therefore recommended that suitable strategies like social media advocacy and entertainment education be put in place to enlighten the populace on the magnitudes of GBV occurrence so as to abate it among inhabitants.
Inhibiting Corrosion of Mg Alloy AZ31B-H24 Sheet Metal with Lithium Carbonate
Authors: Zaghloul B. , Glover C.F. , Scully J.R. , Kish J.R.
Published: October 2020

The objective of this work was to determine the effectiveness of dissolved Li2CO3 as a corrosion inhibitor for AZ31B-H24 sheet metal when immersed in NaCl (aq) at ambient temperature. Corrosion rates were determined by gravimetric mass loss and volumetric H2 evolution measurements and the observed inhibition was investigated further using potentiodynamic polarization, scanning vibrating electrode technique, and x-ray photoelectron surface analytical measurements. It is shown that dissolved Li2CO3 significantly inhibits corrosion as it reduces the corrosion rate by a factor of 10. The manner in which inhibition is achieved is rationalized by the role played by the surface film produced during corrosion in inhibiting both the anode (anodic dissolution) and cathode (H2 evolution) kinetics. Inhibition involves the suppression of the filament-like corrosion mode, albeit on the macroscale, and associated cathodic activation. By process of elimination, it is proposed that the Li+ cations play a key role in inhibiting the anodic dissolution and associated cathodic activation that is required to drive the filament-like corrosion.
Perfil da produção científica sobre o muay thai (1996 – 2018)
Authors: Müller Júnior Ivo Lopes , Sonoda-Nunes Ricardo João , Capraro André Mendes
Published: October 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi traçar um panorama da produção científica escrita em teses, dissertações e artigos científicos sobre o Muay Thai. Foram analisados trabalhos escritos em português, inglês e espanhol a modo de averiguar o perfil temático das pesquisas relacionadas ao Muay Thai, salientando as principais autorias/coautorias e instituições, bem como suas redes de colaboração. Foram utilizadas como base de dados: Portal de Periódicos CAPES, Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS), acessados por meio da interface da CAPES. Sendo analisados uma tese, 12 dissertações, 88 artigos acadêmicos, totalizando 101 itens elencados. Conclui-se um cenário, de certa forma, promissor para o desenvolvimento da referida modalidade no contexto mundial, tornando importante evidenciar como o Muay Thai vem sendo pesquisado junto ao meio acadêmico.
Um ensaio sobre a questão racial no esporte
Authors: Silva Vladimir Schuindt da , Souza Israel , Matos Daniel Ivori de , Pires Rogério Sousa , Maciel Marluse Castro
Published: October 2020

Este ensaio objetiva abordar a relação entre esporte e a questão racial, com reflexo nas práticas profissionais das Ciências do Esporte. Consideramos que essa relação é deturpada por estereótipos até os dias atuais com explicações pseudo-científicas, reducionismos filosóficos, teóricos e operacionais, inválidos e insustentáveis nas suas apropriações, porém raramente são desafiados de forma eficaz. Sugerimos o desenvolvimento de um trabalho orientado por princípios inclusivistas que permitam uma pedagogia do corpo no esporte, produzida no interior das relações sociais, com ações mais abrangentes e preocupadas com a diversidade humana.
Examining Career and Academic Outcome Expectations of Turkish High School Students
Authors: Şeker Gürcan
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to examine career and academic outcome expectations of high school students. Data of the research designed in the survey model were collected from 695 students attending ninth to twelfth grades of high schools that offer academic and vocational education in city center of Niğde in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey in the academic year of 2018-2019. 56% of the participants are female and 44% are male. The measures used in the research are academic outcome (5 items) and career outcome (4 items) expectation subscales of the Career Outcome Expectations and Exploration Intentions Scale developed by Betz and Voyten (1997) and adapted into Turkish language by Büyükgöze-Kavas (2011) and the Personal Information Form developed by the researcher. Independent groups t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis techniques were utilized in data analysis. It was found in the data analysis that high school students’ scores of career and academic outcome expectations differed significantly by gender, type of school, and grade level. While girls were found to have higher mean scores of career and academic outcome expectations than boys, the students of Anatolian High School that provides academic education had higher mean scores of career and academic outcome expectations than the vocational high school students. Furthermore, ninth-grade students were found to have higher mean scores of career and academic outcome expectations than other grade levels.
Academic Quality Assurance Survey in Higher Education
Authors: Zaki M
Published: October 2020

State Islamic University of Mataram (UIN Mataram) is the only Higher Education institution which is located in central of Indonesia and leads to its vision as World Class University (WCU) in 2042 by managing 32 study programs including sciences and socials. Furthermore, it has huge responsibility to develop the quality of education in local and national scopes which then required good academic quality control. The present study aims to describe and analyze the responses on the academic service at Faculty of Education and Teachers Training at UIN Mataram in 2018 and 2019. The research approach was quantitative model with the survey design. The instruments used was online and offline questionnaires with the collaboration with Quality Assurance Bureau (QAB) at the university. According to the findings of the study, the conclusion was: (1) the students’ satisfaction on the lecturers’ performance increased 0.014 in 2019, (2) TBI (English Education Department) showed significant improvement of lecturers’ performance score (0.24) in 2019, and (3) the lecturers’ punctuality to teach had been the item to show the highest score margin between 2018 and 2019 (0.24). The present research implies the urgency to adjust the weakness of the academic quality to the better condition.
Exercícios de autoinscrição no cinema: o filme como experiência vivida pelo realizador
Authors: Codato Henrique , Oliveira Eduardo dos Santos , Reis Breno Almeida Brito
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho pretende revisar a hipótese de Jean-Louis Comolli formulada a partir da análise do filme Berlin 10/90, de Robert Kramer, sobre o engajamento corporal do realizador no espaço da cena exceder a representação em favor da experiência vivida. Busca-se apontar o caráter performativo da autoinscrição de Kramer, comparando-o com outros exercícios de autoinscrição a fim de demonstrar como esse regime ético-estético faz-se presente em distintos documentários contemporâneos.
Imagens vencedoras, imaginário midiatizado e Paulo Freire - Entrevista com Jorge Milkos
Authors: Vieira Leonel Bruno
Published: October 2020

O professor dr. Jorge Miklos (UNIP) esteve em Londrina quando participou da 3ª edição do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Comunicação e Imagem (ENCOI). Durante o encontro, Miklos apresentou a palestra “Imagens Vencedoras, Imagens dos Vencidos: Imaginário midiático na campanha eleitoral do Brasil em 2018” no segundo dia do evento, em novembro de 2018. Após sua participação no evento, ele concedeu uma entrevista onde falou um pouco sobre seus atuais projetos de pesquisa, as análises que desenvolve a respeito de imagens técnicas e algumas impressões sobre o trabalho de educadores como Paulo Freire (de quem foi orientando).
Nos meandros abissais da imagem
Authors: Rezende Isabela Yankous Vale Santos , Demétrio Silvio Ricardo
Published: October 2020

Resenha: BAITELLO JUNIOR, Norval. A carta, o abismo, o beijo: os ambientes de imagens entre o artístico e o mediático. São Paulo: Paulus, 2018.
Faces do Maria Celeste: rito e memória em narrativas fotojornalísticas
Authors: Oliveira Rita de Cássia Alves , Azoubel Diogo
Published: October 2020

Nesta segunda parte da série de reflexões sobre a imagem fotojornalística via análise da capa do Jornal do Povo de 19 de março de 1954, interessa-nos compreender o incêndio e explosões do Maria Celeste para além da pretensa objetividade de sua tradução verbo-visual-espacial. De que forma as narrativas fotojornalísticas contribuem (ou podem contribuir) para a construção da memória dos fatos narrados? Como resultado de um exercício crítico, reflexivo e analítico documental, e a partir da revisão bibliográfica do pensamento Christoph Wulf, acreditamos ser tal rito espécie de elo entre imaginação e memória ao presentificar os rostos de seis dos mortos da tragédia naquela capa.
Associações demográficas e clínicas com pneumonia hospitalar adquirida e associada à ventilação mecânica
Authors: Bacellar Karla Karoline , Furuya Rejane Kiyomi , Sanches Jucinay Phaedra Silva , Kerbauy Gilselena , Belei Renata Aparecida , Pieri Flávia Meneguetti
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: verificar a associação de características sociodemográficas e clínicas com Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica e Pneumonia Hospitalar Adquirida. Método: estudo transversal com dados secundários, obtidos das fichas de notificação das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde ocorridas entre janeiro de 2017 e dezembro de 2018 cujas variáveis foram analisadas por estatística descritiva e inferencial Resultados: a Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica foi mais frequente em indivíduos entre 18 e 59 anos e a Pneumonia Hospitalar Adquirida em indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais (0,003) Quanto à unidade onde a pneumonia foi diagnosticada, houve maior frequência de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, Centro de Tratamento de Queimados e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de Queimados (0,001). As frequências de óbito foram 48 9 nos casos com Pneumonia Hospitalar Adquirida e 69 2 nos casos de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica (0,001 Houve associação significante entre cultura bacteriana e o tipo de pneumonia, sendo que, no grupo Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica 76 0 dos pacientes tiverem cultura positiva, comparado a 56 3 no grupo Pneumonia Hospitalar Adquirida (0,001). Os microrganismos mais frequentes foram Acinetobacter baumannii Klebsiella pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusão: houve associação estatisticamente significante entre o tipo de pneumonia e idade, sendo a Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica mais frequente em jovens, e a Pneumonia Hospitalar Adquirida em idosos Também houve associação significante entre o tipo de pneumonia e a unidade, sendo mais frequente a Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e Queimados O óbito foi mais frequente nos casos de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica com associação significante.
Father-son Education in the Ancient Chinese Classics Guoyu and Zuozhuan
Authors: Tong Ho-kin
Published: October 2020

The hexagram “jiaren gua” 家人卦 (The Family) of Yijing 易经 (Book of Changes), a divination manual in the Western Zhou period (1046–771 BC) advocates a strict father image in family management. Is the Pre-Qin father really a strict figure? To answer this question, taking the two major Pre-Qin historical texts Guoyu 国语 and 左传Zuozhuan as targets, three sub-questions will be addressed: (1) What kind of family education records are collected in these texts? (2) How is father-son education represented in these texts? (3) Why is father-son education represented in such a way in these texts? A comprehensive textual research on a father’s role represented in these texts was conducted to collect relevant data to answer the three sub-questions. The data collected was then interpreted by a hermeneutics method, with educational and sociological perspectives to propose an answer to the main research question. The strict but caring fathers represented in these two learning texts are role models for learners and readers in that period. This role model creates a heavy burden on male leaders of upper class families because no matter fathers or sons, they have to have a high moral standard to safeguard their families. Being an upper class father in the Chunqiu period 春秋 (c.770-c.476 BC) is a difficult task as he has to strike a balance between strictness and love to teach his sons. This is also true for today’s fathers.
The ILC Draft Articles on Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Marong Alhagi B.M.
Published: October 2020

The ILC Draft Articles on Crimes Against Humanity

Africa’s contribution towards the development of the International Law Commission (ILC) Draft Articles should not be assessed exclusively on the basis of the limited engagement of African States or individuals in the discursive processes within the ILC, but from a historical perspective. When analysed from that perspective, it becomes clear that Africa has had a long connection to atrocity crimes due to the mass victimization of its civilian populations during the colonial and postcolonial periods and apartheid in South Africa. Following independence in the 1960s, African States played a leading role in the elaboration of legal regimes to deal with international crimes such as apartheid, or in the development of accountability mechanisms to respond to such crimes. Although some of these efforts proved unsuccessful in the end, the normative consensus that was generated went a long way in laying the foundations for the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which, in turn, influenced the conceptual framework of the ILC Draft Articles. This article proposes that given this historical nexus, the substantive provisions and international cooperation framework provided for in the future crimes against humanity convention, Africa has more reasons to support than to oppose it when negotiations begin at the United Nations General Assembly or an international diplomatic conference.
Why a Crimes Against Humanity Convention from a Perspective of Post-Soviet States?
Authors: Sayapin Sergey
Published: October 2020

Why a Crimes Against Humanity Convention from a Perspective of Post-Soviet States?

Most post-Soviet States have introduced penal responsibility for crimes against humanity, either explicitly or under alternative headings. As a rule, their respective criminal laws are modelled after relevant provisions of the Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind or the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The International Law Commission’s adoption of the Draft Articles on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity represents an appropriate occasion for post-Soviet States that have not yet penalized crimes against humanity to bring their criminal laws into fuller conformity with customary international criminal law.
Crimes Against Humanity in the “Western European & Other” Group of States
Authors: Van Schaack Beth
Published: October 2020

Crimes Against Humanity in the “Western European & Other” Group of States

The Western Europe and Other Group of states have a long history with crimes against humanity. They were pivotal in the juridical creation of this concept, in launching prosecutions in both international and national courts, and in formulating the modern definition of the crime. However, some members have expressed concerns around the International Law Commissions Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity. This article provides a summary of the history of crimes against humanity in the Western Europe and Other Group of states, as well as the current status of crimes against humanity in their legal systems. It argues that although these states have successfully incorporated crimes against humanity into their legal frameworks, it would be beneficial for them to embrace the proposed Crimes Against Humanity Convention.
Asian Perspectives on the International Law Commission’s Work on Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Takeuchi Mari
Published: October 2020

Asian Perspectives on the International Law Commission’s Work on Crimes Against Humanity

No Asian States expressed regret over the failure of the Sixth Committee to reach a consensus on the elaboration of a convention on crimes against humanity. This article examines the comments of Asian States during the Sixth Committee debate on the final Draft Articles submitted by the International Law Commission, demonstrating that most States believed further discussions were needed. It situates these comments against the wider Asian approach to international criminal law, and argues that the concerns of the Asian States during the Sixth Committee are part of a broader context. In doing so, it suggests a common ground for future discussion and the progression of a convention.
A Civil Society Perspective on the ILC Draft Convention on Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Relva Hugo
Published: October 2020

A Civil Society Perspective on the ILC Draft Convention on Crimes Against Humanity

In a relatively short period of time, the International Law Commission has accomplished the impressive task of drafting and adopting the text of the Draft Articles on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Humanity. The Draft Articles circulated to states are promising. However, a number of substantive amendments appear to be necessary if the Draft Convention is to become a powerful tool “to put an end to impunity for the perpetrators of these crimes and thus to contribute to the prevention of such crimes”, as stated in the Preamble. Moreover, in order to avoid the rapid ossification of the new potential treaty, it is advisable for the articles to reflect the most significant developments in international law, and also allow for future progressive developments in the law, instead of reflecting a lowest common denominator acceptable to all states. This article suggests some revisions to existing provisions, new provisions which may make the text much stronger and finally identifies some important omissions which should be fixed by states at the time of adopting the Draft Convention.
Gender and the ILC’s 2019 Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Rosenthal Indira , Oosterveld Valerie
Published: October 2020

Gender and the ILC’s 2019 Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity

The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity document is the latest international instrument to address gender-based crimes under international law and the first to do so outside the context of international courts. The elaboration of a treaty on crimes against humanity provides a critical opportunity to affirm that gender-based crimes are among the gravest crimes under international law. This article examines discussions on the meaning of the term ‘gender’ under the ILC’s Draft Articles, with reference to the discussions two decades prior on the definition of ‘gender’ in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the basis for the Articles’ consideration of sexual and gender-based violence. It then turns to the ILC consultation process, and the 2019 discussion of the ILC’s Draft Articles in the Sixth (Legal) Committee of the United Nations General Assembly on the term ‘gender’. Additionally, it considers a number of concerns raised by States and civil society on the definition of some of the gender-based crimes included in the Draft Articles and concludes by arguing for a comprehensive gender analysis of all of the Draft Articles.
ILC Report on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity and Enforced Disappearance
Authors: Grossman Claudio
Published: October 2020

ILC Report on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity and Enforced Disappearance

This article values as an important milestone the Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity. They greatly contribute to the development of international law, inter alia, seeking to prevent impunity and to establish the duty to prosecute or extradite those who have allegedly committed crimes against humanity. They are a solid basis for a possible diplomatic conference designed to adopt a convention that will establish binding obligations for all ratifying States. The Draft Articles took as a point of departure the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to list and define crimes against humanity, and, considering current developments in international law, departed from the Rome Statute so far in two matters: the definition of gender and the treatment of persecution. This article argues why it is essential to follow a similar approach and adopt the definition of enforced disappearance currently used in international conventions that deal with such a horrendous crime. The article also shows why the ‘without prejudice’ clause currently proposed by the Draft Articles is unsatisfactory, depriving States that do not follow the restrictive definition incorporated more than two decades ago in the Rome Statute from the benefits of the proposed convention.
The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Rikhof Joseph
Published: October 2020

The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity

The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity does not include the inchoate crimes of conspiracy or incitement. However, this choice has generated a great deal of academic commentary. This article critically assesses the choice of the drafters to exclude conspiracy and incitement liability, arguing that their decision was flawed. It examines the comments made by academics, as well as participants in the work of the Commission on this draft convention. Additionally, it scrutinizes the methodology employed by the Commission in reaching this conclusion. Finally, it presents a conceptual analysis of the desirability for the inclusion of these two inchoate crimes, arguing that their inclusion would assist in meeting the policy of preventing crimes against humanity.
Interstate Cooperation and Why a Horizontal Treaty Would Make a Difference for ICC Investigations
Authors: Mugwanya George William
Published: October 2020

Interstate Cooperation and Why a Horizontal Treaty Would Make a Difference for ICC Investigations

The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity contain an obligation to implement an interstate cooperation regime. This article argues that although this regime is ‘horizontal’, it also has the potential to enhance the efficacy of investigations by the International Criminal Court (ICC). It provides a brief overview of the regime as set out in the Draft Articles, and the ICC’s cooperation regime, before exploring how the Draft Articles can fill some gaps in the ICC system. It also makes suggestions to improve the Draft Articles and strengthen the cooperation regime.
Relating to ‘The Other’
Authors: van den Herik Larissa
Published: October 2020

Relating to ‘The Other’

The International Law Commission (ILC) Draft Convention on Crimes Against Humanity and the Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) Initiative have largely run in tandem throughout their development. Both projects are motivated by similar gap-filling desires and both projects aim to expand the international criminal justice toolkit; however, these similarities have led to questions if both projects are necessary. This article addresses that question, looking at how different actors have answered this question during the respective processes of maturation of both projects and where both projects stand today. It argues that, while there is significant overlap between the projects, both instruments have merits which the other is lacking, and the optimal solution would be to bring both projects to fruition.
Time to Deliver
Authors: Olabuenaga Pablo Arrocha
Published: October 2020

Time to Deliver

In 2019, the International Law Commission (ILC) adopted its articles on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity and referred them to the UN General Assembly with the recommendation of adopting a multilateral treaty based on them. The General Assembly’s Sixth Committee was unable to take a decision on this matter and deferred its consideration to 2020. This article focuses on how, in resuming its discussion, the Sixth Committee will have a unique opportunity to define the process towards intergovernmental negotiations. This will close a gap in international criminal law, while generating a new dynamic in its relationship with the ILC on codification, breaking its current cyclical inertia of inaction.
2020/14 Sickness absence related to employee’s disability (DK)
Authors: Clasen Christian K.
Published: October 2020

2020/14 Sickness absence related to employee’s disability (DK)

Recently, the Danish Eastern High Court found that an employee’s sickness absence was a result of the employer’s failure to comply with its obligation to offer reasonable accommodation for the employee’s disability. For that reason the employee, who was dismissed in pursuance of the Danish ‘120-day rule’, was entitled to compensation for unfair dismissal under the Danish Anti-Discrimination Act.
2020/18 Prohibition of dismissal of pregnant employee (RO)
Authors: Suciu Andreea , Mănăilă Teodora
Published: October 2020

2020/18 Prohibition of dismissal of pregnant employee (RO)

Analysing the national legal framework in relation to the protection of pregnant employees and employees who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding, provisions which transposed the regulations of Directive 92/85/EEC and of the conclusions in case C-103/16, Jessica Porras Guisado – v – Bankia S.A. and Others, the Constitutional Court of Romania ascertained that the dismissal prohibition of a pregnant employee is strictly restricted to reasons that have a direct connection with the employee’s pregnancy status. As for other cases where the termination of the employment contract is the result of disciplinary misconduct, unexcused absence from work, non-observance of labour discipline, or termination of employment for economic reasons or collective redundancies, the employer must submit in writing well-reasoned grounds for dismissal.
2020/20 Dismissal unfair where decision-maker was not given accurate information (UK)
Authors: Gegaden Ludivine
Published: October 2020

2020/21 Dismissal unfair where decision-maker was not given accurate information (UK)

The dismissal of an employee for gross misconduct was unfair because the investigating officer failed to share significant new information with the manager conducting the disciplinary hearing who decided to dismiss, the Employment Appeal Tribunal has ruled.
2020/22 Works council’s right to inspect remuneration lists (GE)
Authors: Pacholski Robert
Published: October 2020

2020/23 Works council’s right to inspect remuneration lists (GE)

The Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht, “BAG”) has held that a works council must be provided with the documents necessary for carrying out its duties at any time on request. A works committee or another committee of the works council formed in accordance with the provisions of the Works Constitution Act (Betriebsverfassungsgesetz, “BetrVG”) is entitled to inspect the lists of gross wages. This right to inspect is not limited to anonymized gross pay lists. Data protection considerations do not dictate that the right is limited to anonymized gross payrolls. The processing of personal data associated with the right of inspection is permitted under the European General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and the German Federal Data Protection Act (Bundesdatenschutzgesetz, “BDSG”).
2020/23 The Supreme Court reiterates the importance of retention of an organizational and functional link between the business factors transferred, a prerequisite in the existence of a transfer of undertaking (GR)
Authors: Mitsopoulou Effie
Published: October 2020

2020/25 The Supreme Court reiterates the importance of retention of an organizational and functional link between the business factors transferred, a prerequisite in the existence of a transfer of undertaking (GR)

The Greek Supreme Court, in a case about the transfer of a business and the obligation on the transferee to continue employing the transferred employees, underlined the importance of a thorough and genuine control on all factors to be taken into consideration in order to conclude on the existence of a transfer of undertaking or not: the business transferred must retain an autonomous economic identity, in the sense that the functional link between the different factors transferred is retained, thus allowing the new entity to use them in order to exercise an economic activity identical or similar to the previous one.
2020/26 Entitlement to allowance in lieu of untaken paid annual leave had lapsed because of garden leave (NL)
Authors: de Vries Lisa , Vos Jan-Pieter
Published: October 2020

2020/28 Entitlement to allowance in lieu of untaken paid annual leave had lapsed because of garden leave (NL)

Applying the ECJ’s Maschek judgment, the Zutphen subdistrict court has found that an employee was not entitled to an allowance in lieu of untaken paid annual leave at the end of the employment relationship, as she had already received special leave. Moreover, the obligation to inform the employee concerning the right to (exercise) paid annual leave did not rest upon the employer.
Effects of Pre-cooling and Per-cooling on Neural, Physiological, and Functional Responses in Active Young Girls
Authors: Razavi Seyedeh Somayeh , Monazzami Amirabbas , Nikosefat Zahra
Published: October 2020

Background: Stressful environments, especially air temperature, have significant effects on human physiological responses to physical activity. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the effects of pre-cooling and per-cooling on neural, physiological, and functional responses in active young girls. Methods: Twelve active girls (age 24.6 ± 1.4, weight 55.46 ± 8.18, height 165.1 ± 5.91) were tested in three separate sessions with intervals of three days between each session. All subjects performed the Balke test in three groups either without an ice vest (control and pre-cooling) or with an ice vest (per-cooling) in each session, randomly. Pre-cooling was applied with an ice vest for 30 min just before the test, while per-cooling was used with an ice vest from the beginning of the test to exhaustion. A Buerer FT-70 digital thermometer, polar-FT60 heart rate monitoring, Microlife blood pressure monitoring, and ELISA technique were used to measure core body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, dopamine, cortisol, and lactate dehydrogenase, respectively. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was applied to analyze the data with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: The heart rate and core body temperature significantly decreased at the end of the test in the pre-cooling and per-cooling groups (P < 0.05). There was an improved performance with an increase in Tmax in the per-cooling group compared to the control group (P < 0.05) although this difference was not significant in the pre-cooling group compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Dopamine, cortisol, and lactate dehydrogenize increased in the groups in comparison with the pretest (P < 0.05) even though these differences were not significant in the comparison between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that pre-cooling and per-cooling could be used as a beneficial method to improve performance due to not only a decrease in core body temperature and heart rate but also an increase in the level of dopamine and cortisol. Moreover, per-cooling was more effective than pre-cooling to increase performance.
Monitoring and Nursing for Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in the Recovery Room After General Anesthesia
Authors: Pang Chunxia , Niu Jianni , Zhu Lin , Zhu Hong , Hu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Xi , Cheng Shaobo
Published: October 2020

Background: Preschool children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) experience a potentially lethal sleep disorder disease. Early surgical resection of OSAHS is critical for children’s growth and development. Tonsil adenoidectomy is an essential treatment technique for OSAHS. However, laryngeal trauma caused by surgery leads to agitation due to pain during recovery, accompanied by other symptoms such as unstable vital signs and postoperative anxiety. Little research has been done on the treatment and care of postoperative agitation and respiratory complications in children with OSAHS. Therefore, exploring a better-personalized care method is essential for reducing the incidence of respiratory complications during anesthesia recovery in children with OSAHS and the smooth recovery of the child. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the respiratory complications and agitation of childhood OSAHS in the anesthesia recovery period after surgery and suitable nursing care methods. Methods: A total of 200 children with OSAHS were randomly divided into the routine care group (Group A, n = 100) and the personalized nursing group (Group B, n = 100). Personalized nursing included postoperative bleeding care, psychological care, infusion care, and pain care. Patients’ demographic and clinical data were collected. A CO2 laser-assisted modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) was performed after the induction of general anesthesia. Children were extubated and transferred to the recovery room after the surgery. The nurses closely monitored the children’s agitation, oxygen saturation, and spontaneous breathing every 15 min within one hour in the recovery room. The respiratory frequency and amplitude, ECG changes, blood pressure, hospitalization time, and economic costs were recorded. Results: The incidences of agitation and respiratory obstruction were significantly lower in Group B than in Group A in the recovery room (P < 0.05). Blood pressure and heart rates were significantly higher, and oxygen saturation was lower in Group A at 15 min, 30 min, and 45 min (all P < 0.05), but the difference disappeared 60 min after surgery (P > 0.05). The hospitalization time and expenses of Group B were significantly lower than those of Group A (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Personalized nursing care during postoperative anesthesia recovery can reduce the incidence of agitation and respiratory obstruction, lower blood pressure and heart rate, and accelerate postoperative recovery in children with OSAHS. Our study discovered a suitable nursing method for OSAHS children after general anesthesia to improve patients’ recovery and reduce economic costs.
Clinically Indeterminate Breast Lesions with Normal Imaging: A Retrospective Study in a Symptomatic Breast Care Unit
Authors: Pakdemirli Emre , Elkorety Mohamed , Monib Sherif
Published: October 2020

Background: Triple assessment of breast pathologies is a very important pathway to detect breast cancers earlier. Objectives: To ascertain the necessity of clinical-guided core biopsy (CGCB) or fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for investigating clinically indeterminate breast lesions with no significant imaging findings. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 72 patients who had clinical core biopsy or fine-needle cytology was carried out to investigate clinically indeterminate breast lesions with normal imaging during the period from September 2017 to September 2019. Results: Out of 72 patients, 61 clinically indeterminate breast lesions (P3) were investigated and showed that 39 lesions (63.9%) were graded as B1, 17 lesions (27.8%) were graded as B2, two lesions (3.2%) were graded as B3 showing atypia, no lesions were graded as B4, two lesions (3.2%) were graded as B5 (one [1.6%] was found to be invasive lobular carcinoma [ILC] and the other one [1.6%] was found to be metastatic colorectal cancer to the breast), while one lesion investigated by FNAC was graded as C2 (1.6%). Conclusion: CGCB or FNAC is still necessary and vital for investigating clinically indeterminate breast lesions with normal imaging.
The Effects of Concurrent Training on the Body Composition, Quality of Life, and Sleep Quality of Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Monazzami Amirabbas , Momenpour Roya , Alipoor Elham , Yari Kheirollah , Payandeh Mehrdad
Published: October 2020

Background: Concurrent training is more effective in developing fitness indicators than doing endurance and resistance training separately. However, there has been limited research to evaluate the effects of this type of exercise training on improvement of body composition and quality of life indicators in postmenopausal women with cancer. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effects of eight-week of concurrent training on body composition, quality of life, and sleep quality in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Methods: This study was conducted on 42 women with breast cancer who were selected randomly and divided into exercise training and control groups. The training group followed eight-week of resistance training (2 - 3 sets, 10 - 18 repetitions, and 50% - 70% 1RM) and aerobic training (50% - 70% maximum heart rate, 12 - 14 Borg scale, and 20 - 40 minutes). Anthropometric characteristics were measured based on body composition (ZEUS 9.9), the sleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and the quality of life was measured by the McGill quality of life (MQOL) questionnaire. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA has been used for McGill’s analysis of variance (P < 0.05). Results: The results showed a significant decrease in sleep quality score, weight, fat percentage, BMI, and waist circumference in the training group (P < 0.05), as well as an increase in quality of life index in the training group (P < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in the Waist-hip ratio (WHR) values of the training group compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Although the changes in WHR index were not significant after eight weeks of concurrent training, this type of training program could be considered as a beneficial way for improving body composition, quality of life, and sleep quality in patients with breast cancer.
Polanyi and the Study Group for the Unity of Knowledge
Authors: Breytspraak Gus , Mullins Phil ,   The Polanyi Society
Published: October 2020

The Ford Foundation funded not only the important 1965 and 1966 Bowdoin College interdisciplinary conferences of the Study Group on Foundations of Cultural Unity (SGFCU), but also the many later conferences from 1967-1972 of the SGFCU successor group, the Study Group for the Unity of Knowledge (SGUK). Michael Polanyi chaired the group making these grant proposals and his cultural criticisms and his constructive post-critical philosophical ideas underlay both the SGFCU and the early SGUK programs which Ford generously supported. There is interesting Ford Foundation archival material about these grants and their programs as well as many relevant letters in the Michael Polanyi Papers. This essay focuses on Polanyi’s limited role in three SGUK meet­ings and its decisive importance in shaping late Polanyi publications. It also traces the declining Polanyi’s aspiration to work with Marjorie Grene to convene a never realized European SGUK conference (in the early seventies) that used his ideas to illumine the destruction of Europe in the twentieth century.
Nielsen’s Unrealised Opera Plans
Authors: Krabbe Niels
Published: October 2020

In addition to the two finished operas of Nielsen, scattered sources show that throughout his life he had at least five other opera projects in mind, which for various reasons were given up at different stages in their progress. The article presents the sources that are available for these projects, comprising the following works: Judith, Psycke, The Silent Woman, Portia, and Fru Marie Grubbe. The focus of the article is on Nielsen’s plan to compose an opera based on Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice under the working title Portia. Two important manuscripts in the Royal Library show that Nielsen himself had worked out a complete synopsis for the opera, and that the librettist, Sophus Michaëlis, had made a full text of the first act. A comparison of the two manuscripts and Shakespeare’s play reveals that the opera would have been quite different from the model with its focus on the character of Portia and the leaving out the merchant Antonio. Nielsen apparently gave up the idea, and no music from the work in progress worth mentioning is known.
Nielsen, Shakespeare and the Flute Concerto: From Character to Archetype
Authors: Fanning David , Assay Michelle
Published: October 2020

In June 1916 Nielsen supplied incidental music for the tercentenary Shakespeare celebrations in Hamlet’s castle of Kronborg, Helsingør (Elsinore). The three choruses and two songs he composed constitute one of his least-known works. But they had a legacy, and not only in the final choral number, which, to other words, subsequently became a candidate for Danish national anthem. Shortly after the event, Nielsen confided that he found Ariel and Caliban (for each of whom he had composed a sharply characterful song) so fascinating that he was considering writing an instrumental work based on their contrasting temperaments. This he never did, at least not overtly. However, ten years later the drastic instrumental contrasts in his Flute Concerto invite a reading based on the Ariel/Caliban duality. The distinctiveness of the concerto’s confrontation between the flute solo and the orchestral bass trombone has long been recognised. However, this duality takes on a more focused and at the same time broader significance when viewed in the light of Nielsen’s life-long, albeit mainly indirect, engagement with Shakespeare. Suggesting how a composer’s occasional character-music may re-emerge in their concert work in the guise of archetypes, our article seeks to contribute to a growing field of investigation into the relationship between ‘applied’ and concert music.
Nielsen, Saul and David and the Symbolist Movement
Authors: Zervides Marie-Louise
Published: October 2020

This article explores the position of Nielsen and his first opera Saul and David in the European symbolist movement of the 1890s. Through a study of Nielsen’s published letters and diary entries from the period, it is possible to present the composer’s wide interest in art and engagement with artists – both in Denmark and on his extensive European travels – at a time when symbolism was dominating the modern art scene. Furthermore, one can trace artistic strategies in Nielsen’s early work – in this case, the opera Saul and David – that correspond to different ideas of symbolism. This includes combining archaic materials with contemporary techniques, as well as creating a subjective expression through mood and simplified, non-naturalistic styles.
Nielsen and the French Press (1903-1951)
Authors: Caron Jean-Luc , Assay Michelle
Published: October 2020

Nielsen loved the French capital, its touristic riches and its abundant artistic life. He went there several times following his first trip in 1890-1891 in the course of studies that also took in Germany and Italy. At the time of his trip to Paris in October 1926 his name was better known than his works themselves. For the greater part of those in French musical life he was the dominant figure in contemporary Danish and Scandinavian music, apart from Edward Grieg, who had been dead nearly twenty years. The concert at the Salle Gaveau, which was entirely devoted to his works and which took place in his presence, enjoyed a wide resonance in the media. The majority of Danish artists who lent their services to his music on this memorable evening did not fail to make a strong impression on the Parisian audience. The press announced and commented on the event extensively.