bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental DNA metabarcoding reliably recovers arthropod interactions which are frequently observed by video recordings of flowers
Authors: Stothut Manuel , Kühne Damaris , Ströbele Vanessa , Mahla Lisa , Künzel Sven , Krehenwinkel Henrik
Published: May 2024

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding promises to be a cost‐ and time‐efficient monitoring tool to detect interactions of arthropods with plants. However, observation‐based verification of the eDNA‐derived data is still required to confirm the reliability of those detections, i.e., to verify whether the arthropods have previously interacted with the plant. Here, we conducted a comparative analysis of the performance of eDNA metabarcoding and video camera observations to detect arthropod communities associated with sunflowers (Helianthus annuus, L.). We compared the taxonomic composition, interaction type, and diversity by testing for an effect of arthropod interaction time and occupancy on successful taxon recovery by eDNA. We also tested if prewashing of the flowers successfully removed eDNA deposition from before the video camera recording, thus enabling a reset of the community for standardized monitoring. We find that eDNA and video camera observations recovered distinct communities, with about a quarter of the arthropod families overlapping. However, the overlapping taxa comprised ~90% of the interactions observed by the video camera. Interestingly, eDNA metabarcoding recovered more unique families than the video cameras, but approximately two‐thirds of those unique observations were of rare species. The eDNA‐derived families were biased toward plant sap‐suckers, showing that such species may deposit more eDNA than, for example, transient pollinators. We also find that prewashing of the flower heads did not suffice to remove all eDNA traces, suggesting that eDNA on plants may be more temporally stable than previously thought. Our work highlights the great potential of eDNA as a tool to detect plant‐arthropod interactions, particularly for specialized and frequently interacting taxa.
One‐pot hydrothermal biochar obtained from malt bagasse waste as an electrode‐modifying material towards the stripping voltammetric sensing of lead
Authors: Dias da Silva Alexsandra , Silva Aline Aparecida dos Santos , da Silva Renê Chagas , Moreira Renata Pereira Lopes , Silva Tiago Almeida
Published: May 2024

Pb2+ ions are highly toxic to living beings because they tend to bioaccumulate in the body. For this reason, the development of simpler, low‐cost, and easy‐to‐operate techniques that can detect and quantify low concentrations of metal ions would help to identify contaminating media and improve public health. This work proposes a Pb2+ voltammetric sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with hydrothermal biochar (hydrochar, HC) obtained from malt bagasse waste (HC/CPE). The obtained hydrochar was characterized by zero‐charge point, FT‐IR, XRD and thermogravimetry. The differential pulse adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry (DPAdASV) technique was used to perform the Pb2+ determination. After optimizing important parameters for detecting Pb2+ ions and the parameters of the voltammetric technique employed, a linear response range of 0.50 to 7.06 μmol L−1 with a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 55.0 and 181.5 nmol L−1 were achieved, respectively. The developed voltammetric procedure was applied towards the Pb2+ determination at tap water and river water samples, with excellent recoveries (ranging of 91.19 to 109.22 %), proving that the HC‐based electrode has great potential for detecting Pb2+ ions. Hydrothermal carbonization allowed the biomass to be converted into functionalized hydrochar, eliminating the need for subsequent functionalization/activation steps for use as a Pb2+ adsorbing material on the electrodic surface. The proposed sensor also proved to be easy to assemble and environmentally friendly by using biomass waste as the carbon material. Thus, the proposed sensor adds to the literature the possibility of simple and easy detection of metal ions with a waste reuse bias.
Effect of Laser Energy Density on Photophysical and Photocatalytic Properties of BiVO4 Single‐Crystal Thin Film
Authors: Kou Shiwen , Yu Qiaonan , Li Guoqiang
Published: May 2024

The single‐crystal thin films are more conducive to an in‐depth understanding of the intrinsic mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction. Herein, the BiVO4 single‐crystal thin‐films are prepared on the (001)‐oriented yttrium‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ (001)) substrates using pulsed laser deposition at a different laser energy density of 42–102 mJ cm−2. The results of X‐Ray diffraction reveal that the samples all have a monoclinic scheelite structure and grow epitaxially along the b‐axis orientation. With the increase in laser power density, the peak positions of Bi 4f, V 2p, and O 1s in the results of the X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy shift toward higher binding energies, and the visible light absorption ability of BiVO4 films also weakens. The BiVO4 film at a laser energy density of 42 mJ cm−2 exhibits high photocatalytic activity and good stability in the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The trapping experiments also prove that holes (h+) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are the main active species.
Optimal Planning of Energy Storage in Distribution Feeders Considering Economy and Reliability
Authors: Xie Liangbin , Xiang Yue , Xu Xiao , Wang Shiqian , Li Qiuyan , Liu Fang , Liu Junyong
Published: May 2024

The capacity of distributed photovoltaic impacts the safe and reliable operation of the distribution feeders. The energy storage is one solution for addressing that challenge. To balance the financial viability of investing in the energy storage projects in distribution feeders with grid reliability, an optimal planning method for energy storage considering economy and reliability is proposed. First, an economic model is established. Second, a grid reliability simulation is performed based on the economic optimization results of energy storage capacity in distribution feeders. Finally, considering the comprehensive indexes of economy and reliability, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method is used, and the final scheme is determined by the cumulative distribution curve. The simulation results show that it can effectively improve the distributed photovoltaic consumption capacity of the distribution feeders and better balance the financial viability of investing in energy storage considering reliability, which can be used as a reference for the reasonable determination of ratios of the energy storage for renewables.
What controls river widening? Comparing large and extreme flood events
Authors: Davidson Sarah L. , Marin‐Esteve Blanca , Eaton Brett
Published: May 2024

Extreme (i.e., centennial‐scale) floods are by definition rare and can therefore be difficult to study. As a result, case studies of response to extreme floods can provide unique insights. On 15 November 2021, the Nicola River in British Columbia, Canada, experienced a 200‐year flood that increased the average width of the Nicola River by more than 50% (35 m), leaving the only highway in the region impassable for nearly 12 months. This research assesses the spatial variability of erosion along a 71‐km‐long segment of the Nicola River during a period with a large flood (2015–2018) and a second period containing the extreme flood in 2021 (2018–2021). We use a random forest statistical analysis to explore the most important valley and channel characteristics affecting relative widening during both periods. Unit stream power, gradient and valley confinement were the primary determinants of erosion during the extreme flood, whereas vegetation cover, channel pattern and surficial material were less important. Erosion during the large flood event was not related to these variables, with channel pattern providing a better indication of widening potential. As the Nicola River is flanked by erodible glacial deposits, this work provides important insight into river response in the paraglacial environments that are common throughout much of Canada and the northern United States, as well as Europe and Asia, but less intensely studied. In these settings, the geomorphic response to large floods may not be representative of the potential erosion (and infrastructure impacts) that can occur during extreme events, which destabilize glacial terraces in confined reaches. Historical observations should therefore be used with caution in paraglacial settings as extreme events may not be captured in available data, creating a perception of stability in confined reaches that may have the potential to erode dramatically during extreme events.
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Lippia origanoides Kunth in diabetic rats
Authors: Miranda Vinicius Carvalho , Pereira Yago Luis Gonçalves , da Paz Allane Patricia Santos , de Souza Keyla Rodrigues , da Silva Márcia Cristina Freitas , Muto Nilton Akio , Monteiro Patrick Romano , Santos Agenor Valadares , Hamoy Moises , de Medeiros Maria das Graças Freire , do Carmo Iolanda Souza , Silva Maria Eduarda Moraes , de Sousa Lima Neto José , de Mello Vanessa Jóia
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder commonly associated with atherosclerosis. Plants with therapeutic potential, such as Lippia origanoides Kunth, emerge as effective alternatives for treating these diseases. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of Lippia origanoides Kunth (ELo) in alloxan‐diabetic rats. Animals were treated orally: normal control, hyperglycemic control, positive control glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), and groups treated with ELo (75, 150, and 250 mg/kg). Preclinical evaluation of ELo showed hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepatic, and renal protective effects. At all doses, ELo significantly reduced hyperglycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, atherogenic coefficient, and cardiovascular risk index (p < .05). Elo at different doses promoted an increase in insulin release compared to untreated animals (p < .05) and showed α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity (p < .05). Also, ELo (250 mg/kg group) showed maximum reduction of hyperglycemia, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, malonaldehyde, and urea compared to the hyperglycemic and glibenclamide groups, and creatinine only compared to the hyperglycemic groups (p < .05). The promising action of ELo in the context of diabetes may be related to the synergistic action of flavonoid compounds identified in liquid chromatography, whose pharmacological capabilities have already been documented in previous studies. The mechanisms may be the stimulation of insulin release; the inhibitory activity of α‐glucosidase; improving general clinical conditions; and the antioxidant effects of the extract. These findings pave the way for the future development of an herbal presentation of L. origanoides Kunth as a hypoglycemic and cardiovascular protector with a lipid‐lowering effect.
Alberta reconstructive technique (ART): An innovative approach using digital surgical design and simulation in advanced jaw reconstruction with occlusion‐based prefabricated vascularized fibular flaps and primary osseointegrated implant installation
Authors: Nayar Suresh , Logan Heather , Wolfaardt Johan , Osswald Martin , O'Connell Daniel , Grosvenor Andrew , Seikaly Hadi
Published: May 2024

The Alberta reconstructive technique (ART) is an innovative surgical procedure performed on patients undergoing primary jaw resection and reconstruction. The ART procedure was developed in collaboration with the Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine and the Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta.
Investigation of heat exchanger tube fitted with triangular perforated nail head twisted‐tape inserts
Authors: Singh Mohan , Kumar Amit , Kumar Arun
Published: May 2024

A numerical investigation of the Nusselt number, heat transfer augmentation efficiency, and friction factor in a laminar flow tube with triangular perforated nail head twisted tape (TPNHTT) is reported using ANSYS 19.2 Fluent. The effects of triangular cut (each side 3 mm) in the middle pitch of the tape along the height, diameter, and top diameter of the nail head (10, 2, and 2.5 mm, respectively) have been explored for (300 ≤ Re ≤ 1800) in a tube of 22 mm diameter. In this paper, implementation has been done with a TPNHTT varying width (14 ≤ b ≤ 20) twist ratio (TR) ranging from (3 ≤ TR ≤ 6), inserts in a tube for laminar flow. Twisted tape (TT) produces a swirl flow associated with fluid resulting in heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop characteristics other than that for the plain tube (PT). The performance of the Nusselt number and friction factor increased up to 123.62% and 495.30%, respectively, on the application of TPNHTT as compared with PT. A maximum thermal performance efficiency of 2.98 has been achieved using the twisted‐tape ratio of the current tube in laminar flow at a Reynolds number of 1700. In addition, correlation equations (11) and (12) have been developed for the friction factor and Nusselt number valid for 300 ≤ Re ≤ 1800, 14 ≤ b ≤ 20, and 3 ≤ TR ≤ 6. The study has proved that applying TT is an upgraded approach for laminar convection heat transfer. This novel work finding will be supportive for researchers to design the latest heat exchangers.
A numerical investigation for the development of functionally graded Ti/HA tibial implant for total ankle replacement: Influence of material gradation law and volume fraction index
Authors: Jyoti  , Ghosh Rajesh
Published: May 2024

Stress shielding is one of the major concerns for total ankle replacement implants nowadays, because it is responsible for implant‐induced bone resorption. The bone resorption contributes to the aseptic loosening and failure of ankle implants in later stages. To reduce the stress shielding, improvements can be made in the implant material by decreasing the elastic mismatch between the implant and the tibia bone. This study proposes a new functionally graded material (FGM) based tibial implant for minimizing the problem of stress shielding. Three‐dimensional finite element (FE) models of the intact tibia and the implanted tibiae were created to study the influence of material gradation law and volume fraction index on stress shielding and implant‐bone micromotion. Different implant materials were considered that is, cobalt–chromium, titanium (Ti), and FGM with Ti at the bottom and hydroxyapatite (HA) at the top. The FE models of FGM implants were generated by using different volume fractions and the rule of mixtures. The rule of mixtures was used to calculate the FGM properties based on the local volume fraction. The volume fraction was defined by using exponential, power, and sigmoid laws. For the power and sigmoid law varying volume fraction indices (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5) were considered. The geometry resembling STAR® ankle system tibial implant was considered for the present study. The results indicate that FGMs lower stress shielding but also marginally increase implant‐bone micromotion; however, the values were within the acceptable limit for bone ingrowth. It is observed that the material gradation law and volume fraction index influence the performance of FGM tibial implants. The tibial implant composed of FGM using power law with a volume fraction index of 0.1 was the preferred option because it showed the least stress shielding.
Meniscal healing status after medial meniscus posterior root repair negatively correlates with a midterm increase in medial meniscus extrusion
Authors: Kawada Koki , Furumatsu Takayuki , Yokoyama Yusuke , Higashihara Naohiro , Tamura Masanori , Ozaki Toshifumi
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The second‐look arthroscopic score of pullout repair for medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) is associated with contemporaneous clinical scores and progression of cartilage damage. However, the relationship among these scores, midterm clinical scores and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations is unknown. The relationship between the second‐look arthroscopic score at 1 year and the clinical scores or MRI at 3 years was evaluated.

Methods

Sixty‐three patients were included. Medial meniscus extrusion (MME) was evaluated preoperatively and at 3 years postoperatively. Clinical scores were evaluated preoperatively, and 1 and 3 years postoperatively. Meniscal healing status was assessed using the semiquantitative second‐look arthroscopic score at 1 year postoperatively. Correlation coefficients between patient characteristics, postoperative clinical scores or second‐look arthroscopic score and the change in MME (ΔMME) were evaluated. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the ΔMME to evaluate the effects of patient characteristics and second‐look arthroscopic scores.

Results

No significant correlation was observed between patient characteristics and ΔMME. In contrast, a significant correlation was found between the second‐look arthroscopic score and ΔMME (p < 0.001) and visual analogue scale pain score (p = 0.016) at 3 years postoperatively. In the subitems of the second‐look arthroscopic score, width (p < 0.001) and stability (p = 0.009) scores also showed significant correlations with ΔMME. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant association between the second‐look arthroscopic score and ΔMME (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

The second‐look arthroscopic score at 1 year postoperatively correlated with the ΔMME and clinical score at 3 years postoperatively. Second‐look arthroscopic scores predict midterm meniscal function after pullout repair of MMPRTs.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Skull Density Ratio as Arm‐Allocation Parameter for a Controlled Focused Ultrasound Trial in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Pineda‐Pardo José Angel , Martínez‐Fernández Raul , Natera‐Villalba Elena , Ruiz‐Yanzi Agustina , Rodríguez‐Rojas Rafael , Del Alamo Marta , Jiménez‐Castellanos Tamara , Matarazzo Michele , Gasca‐Salas Carmen , Rascol Olivier , Obeso José A.
Published: May 2024

Background

MR‐guided focused ultrasound (FUS) thermoablation is an established therapy for movement disorders. FUS candidates must meet a predefined threshold of skull density ratio (SDR), a parameter that accounts for the efficiency in reaching ablative temperatures. Randomized sham‐controlled trials to provide definitive therapeutic evidence employ pure randomization of subjects into active treatment or control arms. The latter design has several general limitations.

Objective

To demonstrate that SDR values are not associated with clinically and demographically relevant variables in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This in turn would allow using SDR as an arm‐allocation parameter, separating patients who will receive active FUS treatment and best medical management treatment (BMT).

Methods

We studied a cohort of 215 PD patients who were candidates for FUS subthalamotomy to determine if the SDR was correlated with demographic or clinical variables that could introduce bias for group allocation in a controlled trial.

Results

SDR was unassociated with age, gender, and clinical motor features nor with levodopa daily dose in our cohort of PD patients. A negative association with age was found for the female subgroup.

Conclusions

Our results show that in a PD population considered for FUS subthalamotomy treatment, the SDR may be a valid group‐allocation parameter. This could be considered as the basis for a controlled study comparing FUS subthalamotomy vs BMT.
New mathematical approaches to nonlinear coupled Davey–Stewartson Fokas system arising in optical fibers
Authors: Wang Kang‐Le
Published: May 2024

This research focuses on the nonlinear coupled Davey–Stewartson Fokas system, which models pulse propagation in monomode optical fibers. In order to find the novel periodic and solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear coupled Davey–Stewartson Fokas system, we have employed two effective mathematical techniques named as the Sine‐Gordon expansion method and the simple equation method. We found after researching into previous literature that these novel solutions are unique and have never been reported. Some 3D and 2D graphs are also used to discuss the dynamical behavior of these new solutions.
Qualitative analysis of licorice and strychnine decoction before and after combination using UPLC‐QE‐Orbitrap‐MS
Authors: Guo Yuyan , Wei Yuxin , Sun Shuang , Yang Dayu , LV Shaowa
Published: May 2024

Background and objective

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (GG) and Strychnos nux‐vomica L. (NV) are traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Changes in the chemical composition may occur before and after the GG–NV compatibility. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography Q‐exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QE‐Orbitrap‐MS) was applied here to study the difference in the components of the GG and NV decoctions before and after they were combined. The changes in the chemical composition of GG and NV before and after the combination were determined.

Methods

The precise molecular weight, retention time, and fragment ion peak of the different components of the decoctions before and after compatibility were obtained through UPLC‐QE‐Orbitrap‐MS. Differential analysis methods, such as principal component analysis, were used for comparison.

Results

In the positive ion mode, 200 new components were added, whereas six components were lost. In the negative ion mode, 144 new compounds were identified, whereas three components were missing.

Conclusions

The compatibility difference between GG and NV was studied through UPLC‐QE‐Orbitrap‐MS. The chemical composition of GG and NV changed before and after compatibility, and a class of compounds different from GG and NV was identified in the co‐decoction. This study provides an experimental basis for subsequent research into detoxification mechanisms of the GG–NV combination and offers a new analytical method for investigating the compatibility of various other TCM pairs.
UHPLC–PDA–Q‐TOF–MS–α‐amylase–FLD activity detection system and molecular docking
Authors: Zhu Yaya , Yang Yuangui , Tang Zhishu , Xue Taotao , Chen Shizhong , Yang Haodong , Su Zenghu , Xu Hongbo
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Traditional and some scientific literature document the antidiabetic effects of the Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS). However, the bioactive compounds of ZSS responsible for the antidiabetic effects are not well known.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the material basis of the antidiabetic effects of ZSS by inhibiting α‐amylase.

Methodology

An online analysis platform was established and optimized using an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐photo‐diode array‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry‐α‐amylase‐fluorescence detector (UHPLC–PDA–Q‐TOF–MS–α‐amylase–FLD) system to screen α‐amylase inhibitors in ZSS rapidly. The inhibitory effect of these compounds was confirmed by molecular docking screening. and the molecular interactions between α‐amylase and active compounds were evaluated, which strongly supported the experimental results.

Results

Seventy‐eight compounds were identified in the ZSS extract, eleven of which were screened to have significant α‐amylase binding activity.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the feasibility of using an established platform to screen for effective components in ZSS, providing a practical method for the rapid screening of potential antidiabetic active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine.
Terminal inanition of dementia
Authors: Al‐Rawi Yasir , Hamel Bryony
Published: May 2024

End of life care in dementia is important to avoid patients receiving unnecessary investigations and treatments. In this paper, the authors discuss the final stage of dementia, illustrating this with a case example reflecting what is frequently encountered in hospital practice. The distinction is drawn between ‘terminal inanition’ of dementia and the more protracted cachexia, sarcopenia and progressive frailty that accompanies advancing dementia, with best practice clinical care considerations for palliative care outlined.
Trauma‐informed approach to managing behaviour in dementia
Authors: Lewington Kate , Berragan Liz , Kuruvilla Tarun
Published: May 2024

Causes of behaviour that challenge in dementia are often thought to be due to reversible factors, such as a urine infection or disrupted sleep‐wake cycle. In this review, the authors consider a definition of behaviour that challenges commonly cited causes and management models. Finally, recommendations for an alternative view and subsequent approach to managing behaviour that challenges are suggested.
Psychosis and psychogenic polydipsia in CV2/CRMP5 antibody‐related PLE
Authors: Severs George , Collings Kalvin , Cable Roger
Published: May 2024

This case report expands the reported range of clinical presentations of CV2/CRMP5 antibody‐related syndromes with two novel findings (manic psychosis and psychogenic polydipsia). A systematic literature review highlights a potentially higher incidence of psychosis than previously reported, clinical features that should prompt antibody testing, and the potential for treatment response.
Associations between pain intensity, pain sensitivity, demographics, psychological factors, disability, physical activity, pain phenotype and COVID‐19 history in low back pain: An observational study
Authors: Pinho Helena , Neves Márcia , Costa Fabíola , Silva Anabela G.
Published: May 2024

Background and Purpose

Knowledge of the factors affecting pain intensity and pain sensitivity can inform treatment targets and strategies aimed at personalizing the intervention, conceivably increasing its positive impact on patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between demographic factors (sex and age), body mass index (BMI), psychological factors (anxiety and depression, kinesiophobia and catastrophizing), self‐reported physical activity, pain phenotype (symptoms of central sensitization, and nociceptive or neuropathic pain), history of COVID‐19 and pain intensity and sensitivity in patients with chronic non‐specific low back pain (LBP).

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional secondary analysis with 83 participants with chronic non‐specific LBP recruited from the community between August 2021 and April 2022. BMI, pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale), pain sensitivity at the lower back and at a distant point [pressure pain threshold], catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale), kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), pain phenotype (Central Sensitization Inventory and PainDetect Questionnaire), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire) were assessed. Multiple linear regression analyses with pain intensity and sensitivity as the dependent variables were used.

Results

The model for pain intensity explained 34% of its variance (Adjusted R2 = −0.343, p < 0.001), with depression and anxiety (p = 0.008) and disability (p = 0.035) reaching statistical significance. The model for pain sensitivity at the lower back, also explained 34% of its variance (Adjusted R2 = 0.344, p < 0.001) at the lower back with sex, BMI, and kinesiophobia reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05) and 15% of the variance at a distant body site (Adjusted R2 = 0.148, p = 0.018) with sex and BMI reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Discussion

This study found that different factors are associated with pain intensity and pain sensitivity in individuals with LBP. Increased pain intensity was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression and disability and increased pain sensitivity was associated with being a female, higher kinesiophobia, and lower BMI.
Is it time for mitochondria to take centre stage?
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2024

Mitochondria have long been known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’, but it has taken several decades for their essential role in human diseases and as a therapeutic target to be fully acknowledged. This article discusses the recent surge in interest in translating basic mitochondrial research into clinical therapies.
Laser‐Annealed SiO2/Si1−xGex Scaffolds for Nanoscaled Devices, Synergy of Experiment, and Computation
Authors: Ricciarelli Damiano , Müller Jonas , Larrieu Guilhem , Deretzis Ioannis , Calogero Gaetano , Martello Enrico , Fisicaro Giuseppe , Hartmann Jean‐Michel , Kerdilès Sébastien , Opprecht Mathieu , Mio Antonio Massimiliano , Daubriac Richard , Cristiano Fuccio , La Magna Antonino
Published: May 2024

Ultraviolet nanosecond laser annealing (UV‐NLA) proves to be an important technique, particularly when tightly controlled heating and melting are necessary. In the realm of semiconductor technologies, the significance of NLA grows in tandem with the escalating intricacy of integration schemes in nanoscaled devices. Silicon–germanium alloys are studied for decades for their compatibility with silicon devices. Indeed, they enable the manipulation of properties like strain, carrier mobilities, and bandgap. In this framework, they can for instance boost the performances of p‐type MOSFETs but also enable near infrared absorption and emission for applications in photodetection and photonics. Laser melting on such types of layers, however, results, up to now, in the development of extended defects and poor control over layer morphology and homogeneity. Herein, the laser melting of ≈700 nm‐thick relaxed silicon–germanium samples coated with SiO2 nanoarrays, observing the resulting material to maintain an unaltered lattice, is investigated. It is found that the geometrical parameters of the silicon oxide have an impact on the thermal budget samples, influencing melt threshold, melt depth, and germanium distribution.
Investigating the Effect of Packaging Conditions on the Properties of Peeled Garlic by Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Authors: Tavar Milad , Rabbani Hekmat , Gholami Rashid , Ahmadi Ebrahim , Kurtulmus Ferhat
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the effect of packaging conditions on the properties of peeled garlic during storage, and the results have been evaluated using statistical analysis and artificial neural network (ANN). Peeled garlic was packed with polyethylene (PE) film and polyethylene film equipped with nanoparticles (2% nanoclay) and filled into the packages using ambient and modified atmospheres (1% O2, 5% CO2and 94% N2). A group of packages was also packed under vacuum conditions. The packaged samples were stored at 25°C, 4°C and −18°C for 35 days. Colour indices (a*,b* andL*), chemical properties (pH and TSS) and mechanical properties (FmaxandEmod) of the peeled garlic were measured during the storage time. The final results showed that the use of nanofilm and modified atmosphere had a positive effect on maintaining the quality of peeled garlic during the storage. On the other hand, the temperature changes showed that the freezing temperature had a negative effect on the garlic quality (properties) during the storage period. The statistical analysis results of the data showed the significant effect of treatments and their interactions on properties at levels of 1% and 5%. The results of ANN showed that the peeled garlic properties (physical, chemical and mechanical) could be predicted with the highest performance scores. The most successful ANN models were identified for each property, with the Trainbr learning algorithm and Tansig transfer function yielding the highest prediction scores for physical (R2 > 0.90) and chemical properties; on the other hand, Logsig was most successful for mechanical properties (R2 > 0.84).
Hierarchical learning of gastric cancer molecular subtypes by integrating multi‐modal DNA‐level omics data and clinical stratification
Authors: Yang Binyu , Liu Siying , Xie Jiemin , Tang Xi , Guan Pan , Zhu Yifan , Liu Xuemei , Xiong Yunhui , Yang Zuli , Li Weiyao , Wang Yonghua , Chen Wen , Li Qingjiao , Xia Li C.
Published: May 2024

Molecular subtyping of gastric cancer (GC) aims to comprehend its genetic landscape. However, the efficacy of current subtyping methods is hampered by their mixed use of molecular features, a lack of strategy optimization, and the limited availability of public GC datasets. There is a pressing need for a precise and easily adoptable subtyping approach for early DNA‐based screening and treatment. Based on TCGA subtypes, we developed a novel DNA‐based hierarchical classifier for gastric cancer molecular subtyping (HCG), which employs gene mutations, copy number aberrations, and methylation patterns as predictors. By incorporating the closely related esophageal adenocarcinomas dataset, we expanded the TCGA GC dataset for the training and testing of HCG (n = 453). The optimization of HCG was achieved through three hierarchical strategies using Lasso‐Logistic regression, evaluated by their overall the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (auROC), accuracy, F1 score, the area under precision‐recall curve (auPRC) and their capability for clinical stratification using multivariate survival analysis. Subtype‐specific DNA alteration biomarkers were discerned through difference tests based on HCG defined subtypes. Our HCG classifier demonstrated superior performance in terms of overall auROC (0.95), accuracy (0.88), F1 score (0.87) and auPRC (0.86), significantly improving the clinical stratification of patients (overall p‐value = 0.032). Difference tests identified 25 subtype‐specific DNA alterations, including a high mutation rate in the SYNE1, ITGB4, and COL22A1 genes for the MSI subtype, and hypermethylation of ALS2CL, KIAA0406, and RPRD1B genes for the EBV subtype. HCG is an accurate and robust classifier for DNA‐based GC molecular subtyping with highly predictive clinical stratification performance. The training and test datasets, along with the analysis programs of HCG, are accessible on the GitHub website (github.com/LabxSCUT).
A case of community‐acquired pneumonia caused by Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Tani Tetsuo , Takehara Tomohiro , Ishioka Kota , Yoshifuji Ayumi , Aoki Kotaro , Takahashi Saeko
Published: May 2024

A 70‐year‐old immunocompetent male with a history of insomnia presented with pneumonia and bacteremia caused by Bacillus subtilis. The patient took benzodiazepines and regularly consumed alcohol and natto (fermented soybeans). Initial antibiotic treatment was not effective, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis revealed an increased lymphocytes fraction, and B. subtilis was detected in the BALF. Whole‐genome sequencing confirmed the congruence of the genetic sequences between the strain in the blood culture of the patient, BALF, and strain isolated from the consumed natto, confirming B. subtilis subsp. natto as the causative pathogen of pneumonia and bacteremia. Vancomycin followed by levofloxacin and systemic corticosteroid were used to treat the condition. This case highlights community‐acquired pneumonia and bacteremia caused by B. subtilis subsp. natto, particularly in individuals who consume natto.
What drives sustainable climate change adaptation at the local level? Approaching three knowledge gaps
Authors: Selseng Torbjørn , Gjertsen Arild
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates three gaps in climate change adaptation research: the drivers of sustainable adaptation efforts, the role of multilevel governance, and how challenges differ by municipality size. Analyzing data from three surveys across Norwegian municipalities and counties, pooling 668 responses, the study statistically assesses drivers of adaptation efforts in 146 municipalities. Key findings show that factors such as political awareness, risk perception, stakeholder collaboration, and municipality size significantly influence adaptation efforts, with effectiveness depending on the conceptualization of adaptation. Political and stakeholder support is essential for mainstreaming, monitoring, and implementing adaptation measures, but not for promoting sustainabilty. This shows that local administrations are free to choose sustainable CCA, but that the quality of participatory processes should be scrutinized. The study also highlights that regional support is crucial for smaller municipalities, and that the intensity of regional engagement is more important than the support method.
A unified Bayesian framework for bias adjustment in multiple comparisons from clinical trials
Authors: Du Yu , Li Jianghao , Raha Sohini , Qu Yongming
Published: May 2024

In clinical trials, multiple comparisons arising from various treatments/doses, subgroups, or endpoints are common. Typically, trial teams focus on the comparison showing the largest observed treatment effect, often involving a specific treatment pair and endpoint within a subgroup. These findings frequently lead to follow‐up pivotal studies, many of which do not confirm the initial positive results. Selection bias occurs when the most promising treatment, subgroup, or endpoint is chosen for further development, potentially skewing subsequent investigations. Such bias can be defined as the deviation in the observed treatment effects from the underlying truth. In this article, we propose a general and unified Bayesian framework to address selection bias in clinical trials with multiple comparisons. Our approach does not require a priori specification of a parametric distribution for the prior, offering a more flexible and generalized solution. The proposed method facilitates a more accurate interpretation of clinical trial results by adjusting for such selection bias. Through simulation studies, we compared several methods and demonstrated their superior performance over the normal shrinkage estimator. We recommended the use of Bayesian Model Averaging estimator averaging over Gaussian Mixture Models as the prior distribution based on its performance and flexibility. We applied the method to a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study investigating the cardiovascular effects of dulaglutide.
Multifunctional FFP2 Face Mask for White Light Disinfection and Pathogens Detection using Hybrid Nanostructures and Optical Metasurfaces
Authors: Zaccagnini Federica , De Biase Daniela , Bovieri Francesca , Perotto Giovanni , Quagliarini Erica , Bavasso Irene , Mangino Giorgio , Iuliano Marco , Calogero Antonella , Romeo Giovanna , Singh Dharmendra Pratap , Pierini Filippo , Caracciolo Giulio , Petronella Francesca , De Sio Luciano
Published: May 2024

A new generation of an FFP2 (Filtering Face Piece of type 2) smart face mask is achieved by integrating broadband hybrid nanomaterials and a self‐assembled optical metasurface. The multifunctional FFP2 face mask shows simultaneously white light‐assisted on‐demand disinfection properties and versatile biosensing capabilities. These properties are achieved by a powerful combination of white light thermoplasmonic responsive hybrid nanomaterials, which provide excellent photo‐thermal disinfection properties, and optical metasurface‐based colorimetric biosensors, with a very low limit of pathogens detection. The realized system is studied in optical, morphological, spectroscopic, and cell viability assay experiments and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens, thus highlighting the extraordinary properties in reusability and pathogens detection of the innovative face mask.
A review on retrofitting concrete members with near‐surface mounted‐fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Al‐Zu'bi Mohammad , Fan Mizi , Bertolesi Elisa , Anguilano Lorna
Published: May 2024

In an era flooded with a multitude of studies investigating the performance of concrete structures retrofitted using fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) materials, this review addresses the critical need for a comprehensive overview of the retrofitting of concrete members using near‐surface mounted (NSM)‐FRP composites, aiming to save time and effort while providing engineers and research community with valuable resources relevant to the field. This review focuses on the key factors influencing both the flexural and shear retrofitting processes of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, such as the percentage, type, size and geometry of NSM‐FRP reinforcement, as well as groove design, groove‐filling materials and beam depth. Moreover, the paper explores the failure modes associated with each retrofitting type, for example, debonding failures, shear/flexural failure and rupture of steel or NSM‐FRP reinforcement, to name a few. The review also delves into the bond behavior of NSM‐FRP‐bonded joints, examining factors, such as the bonded length, surface texture of NSM‐FRP reinforcement and type of bonding agent, which would affect the bond behavior and strength of the joints. The failure mechanisms associated with the bonded joints, such as interfacial bond failure, FRP rupture and splitting of the adhesive cover, are also highlighted. Finally, this compilation aims to guide engineers and researchers by offering a critical and comprehensive database for optimal designs, further development and suggesting future research directions.
Enhanced solubility and in vitro drug release of diosmetin from soy lecithin based‐diosmetin phytosome
Authors: Huynh Thi‐Kim‐Chi , Duong Bich‐Ngoc , Ho Bao‐Tram , Nguyen Hoang‐Phuc , Ton Anh‐Khoa , Nguyen Thi‐Cam‐Thu , Nguyen Thi‐Hong‐An , Ngo Kim‐Khanh‐Huy , Phan Ngoc‐Kim‐Ngan , Le Quoc‐Tuan , Nguyen Van‐Thanh , Hoang Thi‐Kim‐Dung
Published: May 2024

The Diosmetin Phytosome (Dt‐Ph) was developed to enhance the complex's aqueous solubility and in vitro drug release compared to pure Diosmetin (Dt). The process variables such as the reactants’ molar ratio, reaction time, stirring speed, and reaction temperature were varied to identify the most appropriate conditions for synthesis. The resulting Dt‐Ph possessed a particle size of 213.9 nm, a zeta potential of −115.1 mV, and a 95.6% encapsulation effectiveness, indicating the successful formation of the phytosome. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphology of the surface of Dt and Dt‐Ph. The in vitro dissolution in 24 h and normal cell cytotoxic activities of the selected formulation were evaluated. The solubility of Dt‐Ph in buffered media was four times higher than Dt, indicating greater hydrophilicity of Dt‐Ph in comparison to the more lipophilic‐free drug. Additionally, the formulation showed a noticeably increased rate and extent of dissolution studies on drug release, which was two times better than Dt. Cytotoxicity results on HEK‐293A cells showed that Dt‐Ph had less impact on normal cells compared to Dt.
Parotid duct sialolithiasis in three Caspian miniature horses
Authors: Rahimabadi Peyman Dehghan , Gorjidooz Morteza , Shouli Sepehr , Sabzevari Haatef , Hoseinzadeh Hesam Aldin , Rahimabad Mahkameh Kheirkhah , Abbasi Javad
Published: May 2024

Three Caspian miniature horses, exhibiting facial swellings, were examined in Alborz province. Physical examinations denoted sialolithiasis in two patients, and arose suspicion of the same condition in the third patient. The sialoliths were removed using a transcutaneous surgical approach with standing sedation using xylazine (1 mg/kg, intravenously) and local anaesthesia with lidocaine (5–10 mL) in all three patients. In Case 1, multiple pieces of stone were excised from the left parotid duct using a transcutaneous approach. In Case 2, a single oval‐shaped stone (44 g) was excised from the right parotid duct with the same technique as mentioned above. Case 3 presented a 1‐g amorphous stone partially obstructing the right parotid duct, resulting in cyst formation on the right aspect of the face. Chemical analysis identified calcium carbonate as the primary component. Given the distribution of horses in Iran, accurate estimation of the frequency of sialolithiasis is quite challenging, and numerous cases are overlooked.
Empowering human–environment well‐being through wearable sensing: Unveiling trends and addressing gaps in the energy transition
Authors: Gnecco Veronica Martins , Pigliautile Ilaria , Pisello Anna Laura
Published: May 2024

Interactions between individuals and their environment play a vital role in uncovering the energy usage of building systems and improving human well‐being. The use of technology, such as wearable devices, enhances the study of people's perception of their surroundings and helps to comprehend the factors that influence individuals' satisfaction in both indoor and outdoor settings. Despite the growing number of publications in this field, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding and exploitation of wearable sensing potential in urban planning and building operations. To address this gap, this research conducted a bibliometric review of 1661 scientific studies on the topic, identifying trends and areas where wearable applications for human‐centric well‐being research in the built environment are lacking. The analysis of keywords revealed a focus on the application of data analytics to process the vast amount of information collected through wearable sensors. However, the complexity of the subject necessitates cross‐disciplinary and international collaborations, which are still in their early stages due to a variety of reasons. Additionally, there is a lack of research exploring the potential of multidomain studies and long‐term monitoring. When considering outdoor environments, the use of people‐as‐sensors through wearables can significantly contribute to the development of resilient urban planning and environmental risk management in smart cities. Wearable sensing technologies offer valuable insights into people's experiences and preferences, but further research and collaboration are needed to fully harness their potential in urban planning and building operations toward the energy transition. By embracing these technologies and exploring multidomain research, more resilient and human‐centric environments could enhance well‐being of individuals in both indoor and outdoor contexts.

This article is categorized under:

Sustainable Energy > Energy Efficiency

Cities and Transportation > Buildings
Impacts of vegetable processing and cheese making effluent on soil microbial functional diversity, community structure, and denitrification potential of land treatment systems
Authors: Siemering Geoffrey S. , Arriaga Francisco J. , Cagle Grace A. , Van Beek Joelie M. , Freedman Zachary B.
Published: May 2024

The cheese making and vegetable processing industries generate immense volumes of high‐nitrogen wastewater that is often treated at rural facilities using land applications. Laboratory incubation results showed denitrification decreased with temperature in industry facility soils but remained high in soils from agricultural sites (75% at 2.1°C). 16S rRNA, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), and soil respiration analyses were conducted to investigate potential soil microbiome impacts. Biotic and abiotic system factor correlations showed no clear patterns explaining the divergent denitrification rates. In all three soil types at the phylum level, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria dominated, whereas at the class level, Nitrososphaeria and Alphaproteobacteria dominated, similar to denitrifying systems such as wetlands, wastewater resource recovery facilities, and wastewater‐irrigated agricultural systems. Results show that potential denitrification drivers vary but lay the foundation to develop a better understanding of the key factors regulating denitrification in land application systems and protect local groundwater supplies.

Practitioner Points

Incubation study denitrification rates decreased as temperatures decreased, potentially leading to groundwater contamination issues during colder months.

The three most dominant phyla for all systems are Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria.

The dominant class for all systems is Nitrosphaeria (phyla Crenarchaeota).

No correlation patterns between denitrification rates and system biotic and abiotic factors were observed that explained system efficiency differences.