bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimalisasi Lahan Gambut dan Pemanfaatan Azotobacter sp Isolat Kalimantan Barat Dalam Efisisensi Penggunaan Pupuk Nitrogen pada Budidaya Jagung
Authors: Muhtarom Nizari , Sinambela Marudut
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi mikroba Azotobacter sp dari tanah gambut di Kalimantan Barat yang memiliki kemampuan mengikat N, kemampuan melarutkan P, K dan kemampuan menghasilkan senyawa indol. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September sampai November 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 4 taraf perlakuan, inokulasi isolat Azotobacter sp tanpa inokulasi isolat Azotobacter sp(a0), inokulasi isolat WH .3.2.d (a1) , inokulasi isolat Azotobacter sp WH.2.4 (a2), inokulasi Azotobacter sp WH.3.1.l (a3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi Azotobacter sp berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter indeks vigor, pertumbuhan serentak, panjang akar primer, berat basah kecambah normal, dan tinggi tanaman di rumah kaca. Dari hasil uji bioassay pada benih dan uji pertumbuhan selama 15 hari dalam rumah kaca diperoleh 2 isolat terbaik yaitu isolat WH.2.4 dan WH.3.1.l. Terdapat interaksi Azotobacter sp dengan dosis pupuk urea pada fase pertumbuhan yaitu jumlah daun, berat kering tanaman, berat kering akar dan volume akar. Pada komponen produksi yaitu bobot 100 biji, bobot biji per tongkol dan bobot biji per plot.
التكامل المعرفي في الإسلام - أصالة وضرورة
Authors: Boumediene Bettahar Mohamed
Published: January 2023

الدعوة إلى تكامل المعارف والعلوم قديمة متجدِّدة، تظهر الحاجة الملحة إليها كلما أغفلت في ساحة من ساحات العلم والمعرفة، وقد كان الإسلام سباقا إلى هذه الدعوة منذ وضع اللبنة الأولى لمجتمعه، وجعلها سنة متوارثة بين الأجيال المتعاقبة، وهذا ما يطرح جملة من التساؤلات حول كيفية إحياء هذا المطلب الشرعي، وطريقة استثماره في البحوث العلمية والحلول الجذرية للظواهر السلبية المتعددة التي تعيشها المجتمعات.
وهذا البحث يجيب على هذه التساؤلات بإثبات أصالة هذا المطلب وضرورته.
الموقف العربي من حرب الخليج الأولى عام ۱۹۸0 : دولة الإمارات إنموذجا
Authors: Hamood Nazhaan
Published: January 2023

تباينت مواقف العديد من القوى الإقليمية والدولية تجاه الحرب العراقية الإيرانية وفقا لمصالحها، ويعد موقف دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة واحدا من أكثر المواقف غموضا تجاه الحرب، نتيجة نظرة النظام السياسي في الإمارات من طبيعة الصراع وانعكاساته على أمنها ومصالحها بالمنطقة، ومنذ بداية الحرب أقدمت الإمارات على تقديم المزيد من مظاهر الدعم السياسي والدبلوماسي والمالي والعسكري للعراق، وظهرت الإمارات بدور الوسيط الدبلوماسي بين طرفي الصراع، ولكنها احتفظت بعلاقات خفية مع النظام الإيراني، مما جعل مساعدتها للعراق أثناء الحرب وما بعدها محل شك من قبل القيادة العراقية.
إمكانية توافر متطلبات نظم التعليم الالكترونية في مؤسسات التربية والتعليم وانعكاساتها على التكامل المعرفي للطالب والمعلم
Authors: Khalaf Al-Qaisy Salah Sahi
Published: January 2023

هدف البحث في التعرف على إمكانية توافر متطلبات نظم التعليم الالكترونية في مؤسسات التربية والتعليم وانعكاساتها على التكامل المعرفي للطالب والمعلم، واستخدم الباحث اسلوب المسح (الاستبانة) لجمع البيانات، وقد تم اختيار العينة بطريقة العينة العشوائية البسيطة وهي تتكون من 94 مفردة من الكوادر التدريسية في قسم تربية الفلوجة وأساتذة الجامعات في جامعة الفلوجة. وكانت الخلاصة العامة لأبرز نتائج البحث كما يلي: -
ارتفاع محور (مدى مساهمة نظم التعليم الالكترونية في شد انتباه الطلاب واستيعابهم اتجاه المناهج الدراسية) بالمرتبة الاولى من بين المحاور الأخرى بمتوسط حسابي بلغ 3.62 وانحراف معياري نسبته 1.09. بينما بلغ محور (درجة ملائمة نظم التعليم الالكترونية في مؤسسات التربية والتعليم العراقية مع كفاءة الكوادر التدريسية) بالمرتبة الثانية بمتوسط حسابي بلغ 3.33 وانحراف معياري نسبته (1.55) وبلغ محور (درجة توافر المتطلبات الأساسية لنظم التعليم الإلكترونية في مؤسسات التربية والتعليم العراقية) بالمرتبة الثالثة بمتوسط حسابي بلغ (3.31) وانحراف معياري بلغ (1.83)، ثم جاء محور (الانعكاسات (الإيجابية والسلبية) المتوقعة من استخدام نظم التعليم الالكترونية في مؤسسات التربية والتعليم العراقية على التكامل المعرفي للطالب والمعلم) بالمرتبة الرابعة بمتوسط حسابي بغ (3.22) وانحراف معياري بلغ (1.22).
اليقظة الذهنية وعلاقتها بالتفكير الإبداعي لدى طلبة جامعة الكتاب
Authors: Raziq Faisal Hamdi , Ghadab Wissam kurdi
Published: January 2023

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على مستوى اليقظة الذهنية لدى طلبة الجامعة. والتعرف على دلالة الفرق في اليقظة الذهنية تبعاً لمتغيري ( الجنس والتخصص) .والتعرف على  مستوى التفكير الابداعي لدى طلبة الجامعة.  التعرف على دلالة الفرق تبعاً لمتغيري ( الجنس والتخصص) .التعرف على العلاقة بين اليقظة الذهنية والتفكير الابداعي لدى طلبة الجامعة. اعتمد البحث الحالي على المنهج الوصفي  . وشملت عينة البحث ( 200 ) طالب وطالبة من طلبة جامعة الكتاب،  واستخدم الباحث الادوات الاتية، اعداد مقياس اليقظة الذهنية  ومقياس التفكير الابداعي، واستخدام الاساليب الاحصائية     معامل ارتباط بيرسون, الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة وكانت النتائج  وجود يقظة ذهنية لدى طلبة الجامعة، أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية بين الجنسين، والتخصص في اليقظة الذهنية لصالح الذكور، التخصص  العلمي . وتشير النتائج على عينة البحث يمتلكون تفكيراً ابداعياً. عدم وجود فروق دالة في الجنس ، وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية وفقا للتخصص ولصالح التخصص الادبي.
The Impact of Task Type on Iraqi EFL Learners' Use of Communication Strategies
Authors: Mahmood Al-Najm Saud Taha , Alahmed Khalid Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

This study is aimed at investigating the impact of task type on Iraqi EFL learners' use of communication strategies (henceforth CSs) when they communicate orally in English. To answer the research question and accomplish its aim, three oral tasks were employed: a one-way task (picture description task), and two two-way tasks (information-gap task and opinion-gap task). the tasks were carried out in the in-person, and under the researcher's monitoring. The sample of the study were (56) sophomores in the Department of English-College of Education University of Mosul, of the academic year 2020-2021. The results revealed that task type had an impact on the number of CSs used. It was found that opinion-gap task elicited the highest number of interactional, reduction, and time-gaining strategies, whereas picture description task elicited the highest number of self-solving strategies.
Uses of Periphrastic Do in English
Authors: Eltaif Suaad Abdul- Rahman
Published: January 2023

This study aims at clarifying the definitions, structures ,conditions and uses of Periphrastic Do (PD) in English. PD is an auxiliary , it is an alternative device for using inflection process. It is semantically not intrinsic but syntactically obligatory.  It is used to satisfy the needs of the  sentence structures.

    It can be used in verbal negation, negative preposed constituents, inverted questions, anphoric  PD and tag questions.

      In  these structures , only the use of PD is correct and necessary . It is a syntactic device  that performs a special function. During the years,  PD underwent a change and development from zero to obligatory  use   in specific contexts.
Transonic Shock Buffet Flowfield Assessment Using Various Dynamic Mode Decomposition Techniques
Authors: Das Arpan , Marzocca Pier , Das Raj , Levinski Oleg
Published: January 2023

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a powerful data-driven modal decomposition technique that extracts spatiotemporal coherent structures: a useful process in flow diagnostics and future state estimation of complex nonlinear flow phenomena. Transonic shock buffet is a complicated phenomenon, and modal decomposition techniques such as DMD provide significant insight into its complicated flow physics; but, often, flowfield data are corrupted because of various sources of noise due to the presence of outliers or the absence of critical data components. Therefore, noise corruption renders the modal decomposition inaccurate, and thereby not useful. In this paper, two sources of noise have been considered: simple white noise, and complex salt-and-pepper-type spurious noise. Various DMD techniques including standard DMD, forward–backward DMD, total-least-squares DMD, higher-order DMD, and robust DMD have been implemented. Their effectiveness and limitations in countering noise corruption have been investigated systematically. In the case of white noise corruption, forward–backward DMD, total-least-squares DMD, and higher-order DMD capture the buffet frequency and growth rate with sufficient accuracy, whereas the latter outperforms the other two when the noise variance level is above 5%. In the case of spurious noise, robust DMD handles noise corruption efficiently, with surprisingly high values of pixel corruption of up to 30%.
Fusion Detection via Distance-Decay Intersection over Union and Weighted Dempster–Shafer Evidence Theory
Authors: Qingyun Fang , Zhaokui Wang
Published: January 2023

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to object detection in remote sensing imagery. However, traditional optical detection is highly susceptible to illumination and weather anomalies. It is a challenge to effectively utilize the cross-modality information from multisource remote sensing images, especially from optical and synthetic aperture radar images, to achieve all-day and all-weather detection with high accuracy and speed. Toward this end, a fast multisource fusion detection framework FusionDet is proposed in the current paper. A novel distance-decay intersection over union is employed to encode the shape properties of the targets with scale invariance. Therefore, the same target in multisource images can be paired accurately. Furthermore, the weighted Dempster–Shafer evidence theory is utilized to combine the optical and synthetic aperture radar detection, which overcomes the drawback in a feature-level fusion that requires a large amount of paired data. In addition, the paired optical and synthetic aperture radar images are taken to demonstrate our fusion algorithm. Considerable experiments and ablation studies on multiple datasets show that our method is generally effective and achieves state-of-the-art detection performance.
Spatiotemporal Ground Risk Mapping for Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Operations
Authors: Pilko Aliaksei , Sóbester András , Scanlan James P. , Ferraro Mario
Published: January 2023

In this paper we propose the use of spatiotemporal population density data in the analysis of ground risk posed by uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) operations. The spatiotemporal population density maps are generated through the combination of authoritative data sources, open source geospatial databases, and past works to dynamically classify proportions of a population to their expected daily activities based upon a given time. This adds a further dimension to analysis allowing evaluation and optimization of ground risk, both spatially and temporally. This approach is used to analyze the ground risk posed under ballistic and gliding descents of a parameterized UAS along a case study path. An open source tool is implemented as part of this work to aid the decision making of operators and promote safer UAS operations.
Flight Performance with Respect to Rotor Rotation Directions of Multirotor Aircraft
Authors: Kim Hyeongseok , Lim Daejin , Yee Kwanjung
Published: January 2023

A multirotor electric vertical takeoff and landing (EVTOL) aircraft is specialized for intracity point-to-point urban air mobility services due to its advantages of efficient hover performance, high gust resistance, and relatively low noise. Because of its multiple rotors, rotor–rotor interference inevitably affects flight performance, mainly depending on inter-rotor distance and rotor rotation directions. It is assumed that there exists an optimal rotation direction for a given lot of multiple rotors. In this study, the aim is to investigate rotor–rotor interference for various rotation directions and the resulting flight performance. We propose a concept of rotor rotation direction that achieves the desirable flight performance in forward flight. The concept is called front-retreating/rear-advancing (FRRA), in which the retreating side of the front rotor and the advancing side of the rear rotor are aligned in a straight line. To this end, a multidisciplinary flight simulation framework was developed to predict the flight performance of a general multirotor EVTOL aircraft. It was found that the FRRA concept minimizes thrust loss due to rotor–rotor interference in high-speed forward flight. For a generic mission profile, the rotation direction set by the FRRA concept reduces the battery energy consumption by 7% in comparison to the rotation direction of unfavorable rotor–rotor interference in operation.
Manga: A Critical Guide by Shige (CJ) Suzuki and Ronald Stewart
Authors: Van Huyssteen Justin
Published: January 2023

Book review
Queer Sexualities and the Reconstruction of Alternative Modes of Being in Kenyan Society in the Film Rafiki
Authors: Mokaya Gloria Kemunto , Kebaya Charles
Published: January 2023

The government of Kenya, through the Kenya Film Classification Board (KFCB), has sustained a war against screening and promoting locally and internationally produced films featuring queer social imaginaries in the country. In 2014 and 2018, KFCB banned two locally produced films, The Stories of Our Lives and Rafiki, largely because these films were seen as valorising queer sexualities. The ban triggered animated debates regarding the triad of artistic freedom, censorship and the country’s moral compass. Consequently, persons leading queer lives are compelled to operate within various liminal spaces as a way of subverting hostility from the public. Focusing on Rafiki, this article explores how the filmmaker reconstructs alternative modes of being in society by portraying practices through which queer individuals claim and inhabit social spaces in Kenya. By representing the livability of queer lifestyles, the filmmaker not only confronts conventional moralities but also spurs debate on the future of queer individuals in Kenyan society.
Forging Strong and Purposeful Husband-and-Wife Relations: An Africana Womanist Study of Love in Kireni Zulu’s Songs “Zveimba” and “Ndichakuvaraidza”
Authors: Tembo Charles , Maganga Allan
Published: January 2023

In many African societies, the relationship between a husband and a wife is a matter of interest to many in the grand scheme of things. Mutual investment between wife and husband is celebrated for the immense value that goes with it, while lack thereof is debilitating. This article comparatively engages Kireni Zulu’s songs “Zveimba” (Marriage issues) and “Ndichakuvaraidza” (I will comfort you). Mutual cooperation between marriage partners is extolled as the magic formula to more humane life conditions born out of love, peace and harmony in the family. On the contrary, a schism is castigated as an impediment to human progress. Critical engagements in this paper are decidedly Africana womanist.
An Exploration of the Educational Preparedness for Practice Experiences of Child and Youth Care Workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Mkhize Lindelwa , Sibiya Maureen Nokuthula , Hlengwa Thobile
Published: January 2023

The number of young people admitted to child and youth care centres is constantly increasing in South Africa. These are young people who might have experienced extreme trauma related to abuse, neglect, abandonment, family dysfunction, loss of a parent or caregiver, or those with behavioural challenges and therefore in need of residential care. Child and youth care workers are trained to assist and care for them. The provision of this care presupposes key tasks with behaviour management being one of them. In this study, we explored the adequacy and efficacy of training offered to child and youth care workers and their preparedness to successfully cope with their behaviour management tasks. It focused on the educational preparation of child and youth care workers to assist young people with behaviour management challenges in child and youth care centres. A qualitative approach with an exploratory, descriptive, and contextual design was used in this study. The population comprised child and youth care workers in KwaZulu-Natal who are working in residential child and youth care centres, and the sample size was suspended at 21 participants because of data saturation. A semi-structured interview guide was used to conduct individual telephonic interviews to collect data. The data collected were analysed using Tesch’s eight steps of analysis. In this study, we found that the main gap was in integrating and applying theory and practice resulting in difficulties to manage tasks relating to young people’s challenging behaviours.
Perspectives: Paraffin, a Burning Issue for Economically Vulnerable People
Authors: Andrews Ethel
Published: January 2023

The price of life in South Africa is cheap. The official price of illuminating paraffin was R16.90 (US$1) for March 2022 at the petrol pumps. The purchase price to consumers varies depending on availability, markups and convenience and can cost up to R25 (US$1.51) per litre. It has been reported that each year the direct cost of R490 million (US$29 661 016.90) is spent on caring for patients with paraffin burns. Sadly, this is not the full picture. When considering the price paid for a commodity one must deliberate what is the real cost for the use of the commodity. Henry David Thoreau’s quotation: “The cost of a thing is the amount of life, which is required to be exchanged for it, immediately or in the long run” encapsulates the price-versus-cost argument on the use of illuminating paraffin. Both direct and indirect costs must be considered to obtain the accurate cost of paraffin in the context of treating burns. The estimated total direct cost of treating a single patient with a 20% body surface area with deep dermal thickness burn was estimated between R103 000 (US$6 234.87) and R154 000 (US$9 322.03) per year in 2011. The indirect or hidden cost is the amount not considered or calculated, yet someone is paying for it albeit the patient, their family and friends or society. The cost of treating burns undeniably is far more than the mere price of the product, far more than the direct cost of R154 000 (US$9 322.03); it can literally cost the patient’s life and the family’s livelihood. Paraffin is cheap, life is not. The objective of this article is to accentuate the exorbitant cost associated with treating paraffin burns to create awareness among policymakers and decision makers about a silent consequence of the use of a cheap commodity.
Editorial: Special Issue - Energy Transitions in the Global South and Africa: Policy Imperatives, System Dynamics and Challenges
Authors: Kimemia David , Oladejo Abiodun Omotayo , Van Niekerk Ashley
Published: January 2023

Editorial
Makroekonomik Değişkenlerinin Katılım Fonları Üzerindeki Etkisi: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı
Authors: GENÇTÜRK Mehmet , SENAL Serpil , AKSOY Esra
Published: January 2023

İslami usullere göre faaliyet gösteren katılım bankaları ülkemizde her geçen gün önem kazanmaktadır. Katılım bankaları özellikle belirsizlik ortamında piyasaya faktörlerine göre oldukça güçlü hareket ederek son yıllarda yatırımcıların dikkatini çekmektedir. Makro ekonomik değişkenlerin oldukça volatil olması ülkemizde katılım bankalarına olan ilgiyi daha da artırmaktadır. Çünkü makro ekonomik değişkenlerdeki bu oynaklık özellikle kriz dönemlerinde finansal piyasaları çoğu zaman olumsuz etkilemektedir. Katılım bankalarının makro ekonomik değişkenlerle ilişkisi bu bağlamda merak konusu olmaktadır. Buradan yola çıkarak ülkemizde katılım bankaları ile makro ekonomik değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Analizde bağımlı değişken katılım fonları; bağımsız değişkenler ise enflasyon oranı, mevduat faiz oranı, döviz kuru ve Türkiye belirsizlik endeksi kullanılmıştır. Makro ekonomik değişkenlerin katılım fonları üzerindeki etkisi ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı ile sınanmıştır. Sonuçta, mevduat faiz oranının katılım fonlarını uzun ve kısa dönemde negatif etkilediği saptanmıştır. Döviz kuru ise katılım fonlarını uzun dönemde negatif kısa dönemde ise pozitif yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Enflasyon oranının ise katılım fonlarını uzun dönemde pozitif etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Belirsizlik endeksi ile katılım fonları arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.
On the Growth Slowdown in Developed Economies
Authors: KURT İlay
Published: January 2023

2008 Küresel Mali Krizinden sonra, gelişmiş ekonomilerdeki uzun vadeli büyüme modelleri, büyümedeki yavaşlama ve seküler durgunluğa ilişkin iç karartıcı beklentiler nedeniyle daha yakından akademik incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Bu makale, gelişmiş ekonomilerde uzun vadeli büyümenin yavaşlayıp yavaşlamadığını ve ne ölçüde yavaşladığını doğrudan test etmek için ampirik yöntemler kullanan, çok sayıda ülke için uzun vadeli büyüme modelleri yapısının bir araştırmasını sunmaktadır. Bulgularımız, yüksek gelirli ekonomilerde, kişi başına GSYİH, çalışan başına GSYİH ve TFV'nin uzun vadeli büyüme oranlarının 1970-2019 döneminde net düşüş eğilimleri gösterdiğini göstermektedir.
Tüketicilerin Yeşil Pazarlama Uygulamalarına Yönelik Tutum ve Davranışları: Silifke Örneği
Authors: ILGAR Damla Bayhan , KÖPRÜLÜ Onur
Published: January 2023

Bu araştırma, Mersin ili, Silifke ilçesindeki mevcut ve potansiyel tüketicilerin yeşil pazarlama yönelik tutum ve davranışlarını, demografik özelliklerini, çevreye duyarlı ürünleri tercih etme sebeplerini ve satın alma niyetlerini etkileyebilecek faktörleri inceleyip analiz ederek sektörel gelişime katkı sağlamaktır.Araştırmada betimsel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma evreni Mersin ili Silifke ilçesidir. Araştırma kapsamında veriler anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiş, frekans, yüzde dağılımları belirlenerek, Manova, Post Hoc Tukey Testi, Ordinal Lojistik Regresyon analizi gibi istatistiki yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan tüketicilerin demografik özelliklerine bakıldığında yüksek eğitim düzeyine sahip evli bireylerin ağırlıklı olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcıların %88’i işletmeler tarafından uygulanan yeşil pazarlama faaliyetlerinin, o işletme ürünlerini tercih etmelerinde etkili olduğunu düşünmektedir. Katılımcıların tercih ettiği çevreci ürünler arasında ilk sırada gıda ürünleri (%39,3) yer alırken bu ürünleri temizlik ürünleri (%27,3) takip etmektedir. Tüketicilerin, yeşil pazarlama uygulamalarına yönelik tutum ve davranışlarının tespitine yönelik Likert tipi ifadelerden; ürün, fiyat ve dağıtımla ilgili ifadelere katılırken tutundurmaya yönelik ifadelere çekimser yaklaştıkları bulgularına rastlanmıştır. Araştırmada işletmelerin yeşil pazarlama uygulamalarının tüketicilerin ürün tercihine etkisiyle; tüketicilerin yeşil pazarlama uygulamalarına yönelik tutum ve davranışları ve demografik değişkenler arasında anlamlı fark olup olmadığı, demografik özellikler ile tüketicilerin yeşil pazarlama uygulamalarına yönelik tutum ve davranışları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunup bulunmadığı ortaya konulmaktadır.
Piyasa Gözetimi ve Denetimi Faaliyetleri Etkinliğinin Veri Zarflama Analizi ile Ölçümü
Authors: METE Mevlüt Hürol
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığının taşra teşkilatını oluşturan 81 il müdürlüğünde yürütülen piyasa gözetimi ve denetimi faaliyetlerinin teknik etkinliğinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada veri zarflama analizi (VZA) kullanılmıştır. VZA ile etkinlik ölçümü için öncelikle girdi ve çıktı setleri belirlenmiş ve araştırma modeli kurgulanmıştır. Buna göre il müdürlüklerinde görev yapan denetçi sayısı, denetimler için illere tahsis edilmiş araç sayısı ile denetim faaliyetleri için kullanılan bütçe miktarı girdileri oluşturmaktadır. 2021 yılında illerde yürütülen toplam denetim sayısı, teste gönderilmek üzere numune alınan ürün sayısı ile uygulanan idari para cezası miktarı ise modelin çıktılarıdır. Çıktı odaklı olarak kurgulanan VZA modeli ile elde edilen etkinlik skorlarına göre iller arası karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Üç farklı çıktı kombinasyonuna göre modellenen VZA analizi sonuçlarına göre, her üç modelde de etkin olarak çıkan iller Adıyaman, Ankara, Düzce ve Kocaeli’dir. En yüksek girdi değerlerine sahip olmasına rağmen İstanbul her üç modelde de yeterli etkinlik skoruna ulaşamamaktadır. Ayrıca, yüksek sayıda denetçi personele ve araca sahip olmasına rağmen, bulunduğu şehrin gelişmişlik düzeyi ile sanayi altyapısı göz önüne alındığında Adana, Aksaray, Tokat ve Trabzon illerinin düşük etkinlik skoruna sahip olduğu dikkat çekmektedir.
ARDL Analysis for The Effects of R&D Expenditures on Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey Between 2001-2016
Authors: TANRIVERDİ Hayri , ÖZTÜRK Serdar
Published: January 2023

Growth rates are one of the leading performance indicators of countries in global competition. Generally, growth leads to an increase in employment rates. Technological investments have a larger share in growth in developed countries. In developing countries the share of infrastructure investments in growth is higher. Infrastructure investments, while stimulating the economy during the investment period, make a very limited contribution to the economy in the period after the investment is over. Industrial investments, on the other hand, contribute to continuous economic growth as they will sell products to the domestic and foreign markets, especially after the investment period. While growth rates follow a more stable course in economically developed countries, they follow a more volatile course in developing countries. If we examine this situation, the economic, social, political, democratic, legal, etc. of the developed countries. They have sufficient progress in these areas and appear as a safe haven in the global capital markets. With this study, the effects of R&D expenditures, number of researchers, scientific publications and obtained patents on national income between 2001 and 2016 in Turkey were investigated. As a method, ARDL and Granger Causality analysis were used by producing different econometric models. According to the results of the causality analysis, it has been determined that there is a one-way causality from economic growth to patent. When the ARDL analysis was examined, it was revealed that there was a positive and 2.5% relationship between R&D and economic growth. In long-term analyzes, however, significant results could not be obtained between R&D and growth.
Yerel Vergi Niteliği Açısından Haberleşme Vergisinin Etkinlik ve Gerekliliği Üzerine Yaklaşımlar
Authors: AYDIN Fazıl
Published: January 2023

Yerel hizmetlerin üretim ve sunumunu gerçekleştiren yerel yönetimlerin, üstlenmiş oldukları hizmet ve harcamaları yerine getirebilmeleri için mali yönden yapılarının güçlü olması gerekmektedir. Yerel yönetimlerin mali kaynaklarının süreklilik ve verimlilik özelliklerine sahip olması ise mali kaynaklarının etkinliğini sağlayıcı kavramlardır. Bu açıdan yerel yönetimlerin en önemli gelir kaynağı vergilerdir. Yerel yönetim vergi gelirleri içinde yer alan haberleşme vergisi, 1981 yılından itibaren Belediye Gelirleri Kanununda yer alarak uygulanmaya başlanılmıştır. İlk uygulandığı 1981 yılından günümüze haberleşme kaynakları ve haberleşme teknolojisi büyük bir değişime uğramasına karşın, kırk bir yıllık uygulama sürecine sahip olan haberleşme vergisinin kapsam ve uygulama şeklinde hiçbir değişime uğramamıştır. Gerek Türkiye’de ve gerekse dünyada büyük bir değişim, çeşitlilik ve ivme kazanmış olan haberleşme kaynak ve teknolojisi, haberleşmeyi insan yaşamında en önemli kullanım ve buna bağlı olarak en önemli harcama unsuru durumuna getirmesine karşın, Türkiye’de uygulanan haberleşme vergisi yerel yönetimlerin gelir unsuru olarak gelişim ve önem kazanamamıştır. Haberleşme vergisi yerel yönetimlerin düzenli ve sürekli olan gelir kaynaklarından biri olmasına karşın, yerel yönetimlerin toplam gelirleri içindeki payı son derece düşük düzeyde bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada haberleşme vergisinin etkinliği ve gerekliliği incelenerek öneriler ile yeni bir yaklaşıma ilişkin önermeler yapılmıştır.
Environmental Performance: Evidence From Level-2 Regions
Authors: ÖRTLEK Zekiye , DEMİRTAŞ Cuma , ILIKKAN ÖZGÜR Munise
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study is to calculate the environmental performance of the Level-2 regions spanning the period between 2009 and 2020, and make policy recommendations in line with relevant findings. Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods are applied for this evaluation, in which total electricity consumption per capita and number of ventures in agriculture, forestry, fishery and water supply are used as indicators. Initially, the weights of the aforementioned criteria are calculated via the Entropy method, one of the MCDM techniques. Then, the environmental performance ranking of the Level-2 Region is derived through the ARAS method. Findings show that the criterion with the highest weight is electricity consumption per capita, whereas the one with the lowest weight is water supply. In addition, ARAS method posit that while TR10 (Istanbul) performs the best among the sample, TR81 (Zonguldak, Karabük, Bartın) ranks last.
What Defines the Final Destination? Rights or Culture
Authors: KAYA Elif , ŞAHİN Muhammed Kürşad
Published: January 2023

Crossing borders legally or illegally, seeking for shelter in another land have been an issue of today’s world for the last couple of decades. Some specific regions affected more than others. Syrians, especially, as a result of the ongoing war within their borders, are forced to move for the sake of saving their lives. With respect to the religious, cultural, and social ties, it is expected that they would seek refuge into the wealthy Arab countries in the Gulf because of the good economic conditions as well as social and cultural ties. Instead, it is seen that Syrians mostly migrate to Turkey and European countries. Even if it is very complicated to analyse as the process is continuing, the reports, observations, and interviews make it possible to come to some certain point to comprehend the situation. When people are forced to migrate from their own country, it could be said there are two stages of it: 1st move, and 2nd move. In the 1st move, people are seeking security more than anything else. The political approach and legal applications of the government of a country towards migration as well as geographic availability are the first and foremost reasons why people choose to go to certain countries. As soon as life treating conditions are off the table, however, people seek for a place to settle and raise their children in, which can be called the 2nd move. In the second move, people look for security, and more. At this specific moment, social and cultural ties determine what to choose and where to go. In this paper, we are going to demonstrate the reasons behind these preferences by comparing people’s experience both in Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Our data collection method is in-depth interviews with participants face to face and online. We analyse the data with descriptive analysis techniques. As a result of our research, we could say that fundamental rights and freedom are the most important reason. Human rights and feeling free in a country mean more significant than social and cultural ties for Syrian migrants.
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation from Haplomatched Sibling Donor in a Pediatric Patient with Sickle Cell Disease with Multiple Painful Crises: An Experience
Authors:   Principal Consultant & Head Blood Centre, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India, R Rai , P Mishra ,   Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India, P Jain ,   Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India, A Aggarwal ,   Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India, M Pathak ,   Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India, V Kumar ,   Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
Published: January 2023

Bone marrow transplantation is the only cure for sickle cell disease but this curative therapy unfortunately lead to complication and several times death. Bone marrow transplantation indicated only for sickle cell patients with severe sickle cell disease who have complications including strokes, acute chest syndrome, recurrent pain crisis and exchange transfusions, nephropathy retinopathy, osteonecrosis of multiple joints and priapism. All sickle cell patients are not eligible for bone marrow transplantation due to associated toxicity [1]. Transplant is performed when benefit outweighs the risk. There has been much development and improvement in the bone marrow transplant since the first transplant done in 1984. This technique includes using chemotherapy for conditioning to remove the recipients cells and replacing it with donor cells free of sickling. Main problem limiting the transplant to all patients include getting a matched donor, risk associated with the procedure; including graft vs. host disease and cost. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is safest when a matched donor is available. Even with this, there is still risk of graft rejection and chronic graft verses host disease. The unrelated cord blood stem cell transplant and haploidentical stem cell have been found to be less successful due to an increase in graft vs. host disease. Bone marrow transplantation has helped in improving the quality of life of the patient by eliminating the repeated hospital admission [2].
New Progress in Laboratory Detection of Abnormal Hemoglobinopathies
Authors:   Laibin Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China, Y Lihua
Published: January 2023

Abnormal hemoglobinopathies are a group of hereditary diseases caused by Hb variants with new molecular structure changes due to globin defects and changes in the primary structure of globin. It is one of the most common birth defects and ranks third in global incidence [1]. Compared with thalassemia, most abnormal hemoglobinopathies are clinically asymptomatic and have a low incidence rate, which makes the awareness of the disease not widespread enough. Therefore, there is no mature and independent screening and diagnosis program at present, and abnormal hemoglobinopathies are often It is accompanied by abnormalities found in thalassemia screening, and then can be diagnosed by genetic sequencing.
Pediatric Multicentric Castleman Disease Presented with Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL, MF Alqahtani ,   USA, JL Liedel ,   Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL; USA, T Pott ,   Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL; USA, L Miles ,   Department of Pathology, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL; USA, D Douglas ,   Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL; USA, R Nagasubramanian ,   Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL; USA, MD Kahana ,   Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL; USA
Published: January 2023

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that is uncommon in the pediatric population. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a rare presentation in CD even after chemotherapy. There is only one case report for pediatric patients with CD where treatment was complicated by TLS. In this case, we report spontaneous TLS and acute kidney injury in a pediatric patient with idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease. Here, we present the case of a 14 year old male with no significant past medical history presented with TLS and AKI (Acute kidney injury). He was found to have idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD) based on lymph node biopsy. The child was started on Siltuximab and high systemic steroid therapy with significant improvement. A short term continuous renal replacement therapy was required for fluid overload. The patient was discharged home within a month with normal renal function on maintenance therapy. Spontaneous TLS is a rare but significant complication that should be considered in adults and pediatric patients with MCD. Careful monitoring and immediate intervention with supportive care are essential even before the initiation of therapy.
Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of Ovary: Report of Cases and Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, XF Zhang , XL Diao ,   Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, YT Zhao ,   Department of Clinical Chemical Examination, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, GR Wang ,   Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, SZ Wang ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, L Zhu ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Published: January 2023

Objective: Our study aimed to review the characters of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of ovary and provide recommendations of management for this rare disease. Methods: We presented 4 cases of primary ovarian DLBCL (PODLBCL) from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between 2003 and 2021. Furthermore, we searched PubMed and Web of Science database for literature published between 1998 and 2021.A total of 16 articles included 24 cases with histopathologically confirmed PODLBCL and detailed evaluation and follow-up were reviewed. Results: The median age of patients with PODLBCL was 43y (5-73y). The main clinical symptoms were pelvic mass, abdominal pain, followed by irregular vaginal bleeding and urinary incontinence. 25% patients had bilateral ovarian tumors, and 61.1% of unilateral tumors were in the left ovary. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were usually elevated to varying degrees. Most cases were diagnosed by surgery and presented in early stage. Treatments included surgery, chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy. There was no evidence of recurrence within a median follow-up time of 20 months (range 5-72 months) in 79.1% (19/21) of patients. Conclusions: PODLBCL had no significantly specific character to distinguish from ovarian epithelial malignant tumors. The prognosis of patients with PODLBCL was usually good. We proposed that chemotherapy combined with monoclonal antibody therapy may be the first-line treatment for PODLBCL, and surgical resection of the tumor may be avoided. The key problem is how to make an early preoperative diagnosis. Therefore, more case reports and institutional studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.
Greek National Prevention Program for Thalassemia and Other Hemoglobinopathies and Contemporary Bioethical Reflections. The Experience of Northern Greece
Authors:   Thalassemia Prevention Unit, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Greece, S Theodoridou , E Mandala ,   Fourth Department of Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, V Perifanis ,   First Propedeutic Department of Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, AA Garyfallos ,   Fourth Department of Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Published: January 2023

Hemoglobinopathies constitute the most frequent monogenic disorders worldwide and are caused by gene mutations that affect the synthesis of the normal hemoglobin chains or contribute to structural changes of the Hb molecule. In Greece hemoglobinopathies are the most frequent genetic diseases and the Greek National Prevention Program for Thalassemia and other Hemoglobinopathies is the most typical international example of a voluntary prevention screening program. During a 20-year study period, gene interactions in 437 pregnancies were related with risk of β-thal major, sickle cell disease and Hb Bart’s hydrops fetalis. 437 prenatal diagnoses were performed and (22.2%, N=97) fetuses were homozygotes or compound heterozygotes for clinically significant mutations. The couples were informed of all the currently available therapeutic approaches for β-TM or sickle cell disease. The decision for the termination or continuation of the pregnancy was left to parental choice and the termination of the pregnancy was generally accepted and 91 from 97 affected pregnancies were terminated. The “success” of a prevention program depends on the commitment and the will of the governments, the consolidation of strong educational campaigns, the continuing public education and health professional awareness, the existence of reliable laboratories. Greek National Bioethics & Techno ethics Committee gives a framework about the bioethical questions arising as well as the “Bio laws” in the Greek constitution. In our constitution the availability of prenatal diagnosis, the social bioethical framework as expressed by the National Bioethics committee, the contemporary role of religion in public life (Greek Orthodox Church less influential) and the existing legal frame of the termination of pregnancy in cases of severe hemoglobinopathies contributed to the success of the Prevention programme.
Genomic Alterations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors:   Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, K Benková , T Jelínek ,   Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, R Hájek ,   Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, Z Korístek ,   Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
Published: January 2023

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), the most common acute leukemia in adults, is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Genomic alterations condition the pathophysiology of AML. Nowadays, these changes are considered to be important biomarkers for risk stratification, treatment decisions (including new targeted drugs) and Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) monitoring during followup of AML. Positive MRD in AML patients is associated with a higher risk of relapse and shorter overall survival compared to MRD negative individuals. Nevertheless, MRD-targets, diagnostic techniques, time points of MRD determination, and analyzed material are not standardized. Thus, integration of MRD testing in individual AML patients in routine practice is still a workin- progress. This review article comprehensively focuses on key molecular biomarkers in AML and their utilization in clinical practice, especially regarding risk assessment and MRD testing. Moreover, new AML molecular-targeted therapies are briefly summarized here.
A Different Trend of Heat Shock Proteins 90 mRNA and Protein Inhepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line-Secreted Extracellular Vesicles
Authors:   CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa Italy, M Cabiati , ND Giorgi ,   CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa Italy, SD Turco ,   CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa Italy, C Caselli ,   CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa Italy, A Cecchettini ,   CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa Italy, S Rocchiccioli ,   CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa Italy, S Del Ry ,   CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa Italy
Published: January 2023

Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) does not usually show any symptoms at the early stage and the use of biomarkers is necessary to aid in diagnosis. Recently Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), submicron membranebound structures secreted from different cell types containing a wide variety of bioactive molecules, have increased the attention in many cancers, including HCC, becoming an auspicious candidate as biomarkers and therapy in the scenario of limited diagnostic and treatment option. Many indications have shown that heat shock proteins (Hsps) are important modulators in treatment resistance and invasion of HCC becoming attractive therapeutic targets. In particular, Hsp90a/β isoforms have been found to play critical roles in regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of tumor cells, suggesting for these proteins a role as targets for modern anticancer therapies. The study aimedto verify the presence of Hsp90a/β in EVs secreted by an HCC tumor cell line (HepG2) and by a non-tumorigenic hepatocyte cell line (WRL68), both at protein and mRNA levels, and to analyze their expression variations. The result showed that Hsp90s are transported by the EVs as protein but not at the mRNA level. To build new therapeutic targets using EVs or other organelles as performed on exosomes in recent studies, it is essential to evaluate the action at the pre or post-transcriptional level given their different behavior in transporting proteins or mRNA.
Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer with Severe Anemia: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, A Li , Y Ji ,   Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, K Shen ,   Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, Z Ma ,   Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, B Liu ,   Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, R Su ,   Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, W Zhang ,   Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, Q Wang ,   Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, W Xue ,   Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
Published: January 2023

Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumors of male urinary system and nearly causing any symptoms or signs in early stages. Complication as anemia has been rarely reported in non-metastatic prostate cancer. We present herein an extremely rare case of a local prostate cancer occurring in a 76-yearold man with a complication of severe anemia. As he was diagnosed of prostate cancer, he presented rising severe anemia with the hemoglobin level even down-regulated to 47 g/L. There has been no evidence of tumor metastasis to bone or bone marrow which mainly cause anemia in prostate cancer, supported by emission computed tomography and prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography. According to his hematological tests, he was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. Despite the poor responsibility to erythropoietin and blood transfusion during the whole therapy period, his hemoglobin level gradually normalized 4 months after a robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy. To our knowledge, there was no such case of severe anemia accompanied with local prostate cancer ever described in the English literature. The case presentation is followed by a general discussion with an emphasis on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. A review of literature regarding hepcidin and prostate cancer is also discussed.
Understanding and Identifying Early Signs and Characteristic Changes Associated with Basal Cell Carcinoma vs. Melanoma Skin Cancers
Authors:   Skincare Anarchy LLC, New Jersey, United States, E Yadav , K Vanta ,   Skincare Anarchy LLC, New Jersey, United States, A Usmani ,   Skincare Anarchy LLC, New Jersey, United States, S Friedman ,   Skincare Anarchy LLC, New Jersey, United States, N Yadav ,   University of Virginia School Of Medicine, Virginia, United States
Published: January 2023

The rise in the incidence rate of skin cancer(s) in the United States calls attention to the preventative measures and therapeutic treatments required to treat this condition. However, the needed treatment for cancers such as Basal Cell Carcinoma constitutes for a large portion of the financial burden on the healthcare system. Exploring different types of skin cancer allows us to explore the appropriate options for treatment. In the past decade or so, studies have given appropriate understanding of BCC biology and appropriate therapeutic responses. Mohs surgery, surgical excision, and cryosurgery are the preferred methods of treatment. Choosing between treatment options requires us to utilize evidence-based research to make the best decision. Yet, there are a limited amount of randomized, long-term studies that examine this. More research is needed in order to fully understand the effectiveness and long-term effects of these therapeutic treatments.