bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atypical maternal behavior toward feeding‐disordered infants before and after intervention
Authors: Benoit Diane , Madigan Sheri , Lecce Sandra , Shea Barbara , Goldberg Susan
Published: August 2002

The display of atypical behaviors and disrupted communication during parent–infant interactions, as assessed by the Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE), has been linked to disorganized infant attachment, which, in turn, has been linked to psychopathology. The present study examined the usefulness of the AMBIANCE as an indicator of the efficacy of two brief interventions in reducing atypical behaviors and disrupted communication during play interactions. Twenty‐eight mother–infant dyads participated (14 per intervention). All infants had feeding problems. One intervention, Interaction Guidance, focused on training caregivers to respond sensitively to their infants (play‐focused intervention). The other intervention focused on training mothers to use new feeding techniques (feeding‐focused intervention). Results showed a significant decrease in AMBIANCE scores in the play‐focused group from pre‐ to postintervention, but not in the feeding‐focused group. There was a significant decrease in the level of disrupted communication from pre‐ to postintervention sessions in the play‐focused group but not in the feeding‐focused group. 73% of mothers from the play‐focused group and 17% of mothers from the feeding‐focused group initially classified as “disrupted” attained a classification of “nondisrupted” at the postintervention session. Some limitations of the study include small sample size, differences in timing of assessment for each intervention, and use of samples of convenience. Nonetheless, these findings provide preliminary evidence both of the usefulness of AMBIANCE as an instrument for assessing clinical efficacy and the efficacy of Interaction Guidance. ©2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
BIS/BAS scores are correlated with frontal EEG asymmetry in intrusive and withdrawn depressed mothers
Authors: Diego Miguel A. , Field Tiffany , Hernandez‐Reif Maria
Published: August 2002

Differences between different style‐depressed mothers, intrusive and withdrawn, were examined by the use of the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Scales (BIS/BAS) and EEG activity from the mid‐frontal and parietal regions. Analyses revealed that withdrawn mothers had left frontal EEG hypoactivation, higher Behavior Inhibition (BIS), and lower Behavior Activation (BAS) scores than the intrusive mothers. Further analysis revealed that the BIS, the BAS reward and the BAS‐BIS difference scores were related to frontal EEG asymmetry and power scores. BIS scores were also related to the mothers' withdrawn interaction style, supporting the use of the BIS/BAS as a screening instrument to help identify intrusive and withdrawn depressed mothers. ©2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Evaluating asset‐pricing models using the Hansen–Jagannathan bound: a Monte Carlo investigation
Authors: Otrok Christopher , Ravikumar B. , Whiteman Charles H.
Published: August 2002

We use recent statistical tests, based on a ‘distance’ between the model and the Hansen–Jagannathan bound, to compute the rejection rates of true models. For asset‐pricing models with time‐separable preferences, the finite‐sample distribution of the test statistic associated with the risk‐neutral case is extreme, in the sense that critical values based on this distribution deliver type I errors no larger than intended—regardless of risk aversion or the rate of time preference. We also show that these maximal‐type‐I‐error critical values are appropriate for both time and state non‐separable preferences and that they yield acceptably small type II error rates. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of apatite layers on modified canasite glass–ceramics in simulated body fluid
Authors: Miller C. A. , Kokubo T. , Reaney I. M. , Hatton P. V. , James P. F.
Published: August 2002

Canasite glass–ceramics were modified by either increasing the concentration of calcium in the glass, or by the addition of P2O5. Samples of these novel materials were placed in simulated body fluid (SBF), along with a control material (commercial canasite), for periods ranging from 12 h to 28 days. After immersion, surface analysis was performed using thin film X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray detectors. The concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, silicon, and phosphorus in the SBF solution were measured using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. No apatite was detected on the surface of commercial canasite, even after 28 days of immersion in SBF. A crystalline apatite layer was formed on the surface of a P2O5‐containing canasite after 5 days, and after 3 days for calcium‐enriched canasite. Ion release data suggested that the mechanism for apatite deposition was different for P2O5 and non‐P2O5‐containing glass–ceramics. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 473–480, 2002
Novel osteoblast‐adhesive peptides for dental/orthopedic biomaterials
Authors: Dettin Monica , Conconi Maria Teresa , Gambaretto Roberta , Pasquato Antonella , Folin Marcella , Di Bello Carlo , Parnigotto Pier Paolo
Published: August 2002

Next generation dental/orthopedic biomaterials must be designed to enhance and support osteoblast adhesion. The osteoblasts use different ways to adhere, that is, integrin‐ and proteoglycan‐mediated mechanisms. The present study reports on the synthesis and osteoblast‐adhesive properties of peptides carrying RGD motifs and of sequences mapped on human vitronectin. Our data suggest that osteoblast adhesion on polystyrene plates modified with a linear peptide, in which the GRGDSP sequence is repeated four times, was significantly higher when compared to the adhesion obtained using branched peptides, interestingly containing the same motif. Osteoblast adhesion assays on acellular bone matrix using this active peptide gave very promising results. We also demonstrated that a novel peptide, carrying the X‐B‐B‐B‐X‐B‐B‐X motif (where B is a basic amino acid and X is a nonbasic residue), promotes proteoglycan‐mediated osteoblast adhesion more efficiently with respect to the KRSR sequence that was recently proposed as heparan‐sulfate binding peptide. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 60: 466–471, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10066
Accelerated aging studies of UHMWPE. II. Virgin UHMWPE is not immune to oxidative degradation
Authors: Edidin A. A. , Villarraga M. L. , Herr M. P. , Muth J. , Yau S. S. , Kurtz S. M.
Published: August 2002

In Part I of this series, we showed that aging at elevated oxygen pressure is more successful at increasing the depth to which degradation occurs although it, too, generally causes greater degradation at the surface than at the subsurface. Therefore we hypothesized that thermal degradation alone, in the absence of free radicals, could be sufficient to artificially age UHMWPE in a manner analogous to natural aging. In the present study, virgin and air‐irradiated UHMWPE (extruded GUR 1050 and compression‐molded 1900) were aged up to 4 weeks at elevated oxygen pressure, and the mechanical behavior at the surface and subsurface was examined. All the materials were substantially degraded following 4 weeks of aging, but the spatial variations in the nonirradiated materials more closely mimicked the previously observed subsurface peak of degradation seen in naturally aged UHMWPE following irradiation in air. This aged material could provide a more realistic model for subsurface mechanical degradation, making it suitable for further mechanical testing in venues such as wear simulation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 61: 323–329, 2002
Visible‐light‐induced surface graft polymerization via camphorquinone impregnation technique
Authors: Ziani‐Cherif Houcine , Abe Yusuke , Imachi Kou , Matsuda Takehisa
Published: August 2002

A surface modification method that is particularly applicable to complexly shaped fabricated devices has long been awaited. In this article, we describe the visible‐light‐induced surface photograft polymerization technique by which an inner surface of the device is modified by visible‐light irradiation through the external surface. Comphorquione, as a photoradical initiator, was impregnated on a segmented polyurethane surface by solvent soaking, followed by visible‐light irradiation in the presence of monomers such as acrylamide and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate. The resultant surfaces were highly wettable with water, and surface chemical compositional analysis by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the surface was graft‐polymerized with these monomers. The simple and widespread applicability of this surface modification technique to biomedical devices is discussed. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 386–389, 2002
Depletion of mitochondrial DNA and enzyme in estrogen‐induced hamster kidney tumors: A rodent model of hormonal carcinogenesis
Authors: Bhat Hari K.
Published: August 2002

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for 13 polypeptides critical for normal functioning of the electron transport chain and damage to mtDNA has been associated with aging, and implicated in several disease processes. Although damage to mtDNA is being implicated in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, there are limited studies demonstrating the role and extent of mtDNA damage in human or rodent cancers. Using serial dilution and competitive polymerase chain reaction analysis, we have quantitated the amount of total mtDNA and analyzed the extent of mtDNA damage in estrogen‐induced and estrogen‐dependent hamster kidney tumors. The hamster kidney tumor model is a useful and widely investigated rodent model of hormonal carcinogenesis, which shares several characteristics with human breast and uterine cancers, and point to a common mechanistic pathway. Our data indicate a significant decrease in the copy number of total mtDNA and the activity of a nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase in hamster kidney tumors compared to age‐matched controls. Since there are several hundred mitochondria in a cell and each mitochondrion has multiple copies of mtDNA, a very small percentage of somatic deletion mutation may not be enough to result in a decreased capacity of the mitochondrial genome. However, a significant increase in deletion mutations or a decrease in the mtDNA copy number can result in a decreased oxidative phosphorylation capacity of the mitochondria and decreased energetics, and thus increased susceptibility to the disease process. Therefore, estrogen‐induced hamster kidney tumor model can be a useful rodent model of carcinogenesis to understand the role of mtDNA damage in cancer progression and development. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:1–9, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbt.10017
The effect of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid on DNA methylation and cell proliferation in B6C3F1 mice
Authors: Ge Rongrong , Yang Siming , Kramer Paula M. , Tao Lianhui , Pereira Michael A.
Published: August 2002

The chlorine disinfection by‐products, dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), are carcinogenic in mouse liver. We have previously reported that DCA and TCA induced DNA hypomethylation in mouse liver. In the present study, we determined the temporal association for DNA hypomethylation and cell proliferation. Female B6C3F1 mice were administered daily doses of 500 mg/kg DCA or TCA by gavage and sacrificed at 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the first dose. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐labeling index in the liver was increased at 72 and 96 hours by both DCA and TCA, that is, at 72 hours the index was 1.00 ± 0.21, 0.51 ± 0.11, and 0.095 ± 0.016 for DCA, TCA, and the vehicle control, respectively. The mitotic index was also significantly increased at 96 hours. The promoter region for the c‐myc gene was hypomethylated only at 72 and 96 hours and not at the earlier sacrifices. Similarly, the methylation of the c‐myc gene in the kidney and urinary bladder was decreased only at 72 and 96 hours. In summary, enhancement of cell proliferation and decreased methylation of the c‐myc gene were first observed simultaneously at 72 hours after the start of exposure. Thus, the results support the hypothesis that DCA and TCA induce DNA hypomethylation by inducing DNA replication and preventing the methylation of the newly synthesized strands of DNA. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:100–106, 2001
Grb2 dominantly associates with dynamin II in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells
Authors: Yoon Sun Young , Jeong Moon‐Jin , Yoo Jiyun , Lee Kyung Im , Kwon Byoung‐Mok , Lim Do‐Seon , Lee Choong‐Eun , Park Young‐Mee , Han Mi Young
Published: August 2002

The two SH3 domains and one SH2 domain containing adaptor protein Grb2 is an essential element of the Ras signaling pathway in multiple systems. The SH2 domain of Grb2 recognizes and interacts with phosphotyrosine residues on activated tyrosine kinases, whereas the SH3 domains bind to several proline‐rich domain‐containing proteins such as Sos1. To define the difference in Grb2‐associated proteins in hepatocarcinoma cells, we performed coprecipitation analysis using recombinant GST‐Grb2 fusion proteins and found that several protein components (p170, p125, p100, and p80) differently associated with GST‐Grb2 proteins in human Chang liver and hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Sos1 and p80 proteins dominantly bind to Grb2 fusion proteins in Chang liver, whereas p100 remarkably associate with Grb2 in HepG2 cells. Also GST‐Grb2 SH2 proteins exclusively bound to the p46Shc, p52Shc, and p66Shc are important adaptors of the Ras pathway in HepG2 cells. The p100 protein has been identified as dynamin II. We observed that the N‐SH3 and C‐SH3 domains of Grb2 fusion proteins coprecipitated with dynamin II besides Sos1. These results suggest that dynamin II may be a functional molecule involved in Grb2‐mediated signaling pathway on Ras activation for tumor progression and differentiation of hepatocarcinoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 150–155, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variational treatment of the vibrational Hamiltonian for NH3 and H2NO
Authors: Marsal Philippe , Roche Michel
Published: August 2002

The full vibrational Hamiltonian for the inversion of NH3 and H2NO has been diagonalized in a basis set that is the direct product of functions of the inversion coordinate and of harmonic vibrational functions independent of this inversion coordinate. The kinetic part of the Hamiltonian matrix is constructed with the use of the closure relation for these vibrational functions. The method is tested with the potential function which is supposed to be harmonic for the vibrations orthogonal to the inversion coordinate: the first computed levels are in good agreement with experimental levels for NH3. For higher levels, anharmonic terms should be included. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 541–547, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcc.10033
Ab Initio calculations of the stabilization energies of the conformational and the structural isomers of C3H7X where X = F, Cl, and Br
Authors: Helal Mustafa R. , Yousef Yaser A. , Afaneh Akef T.
Published: August 2002

HF, MP2, and B3LYP calculations with different basis sets have been used in the computation of the stabilization energies of C3H7X isomers, where X is F, Cl, and Br. The experimental stabilization energies of the structural isomers of C3H7Cl and C3H7Br have been reproduced via B3LYP calculations. However, the calculated stabilization energies of fluoropropane isomers from their reported enthalpies of formation have been reproduced in all methods of calculations in present work. The experimental relative stabilities of the gauche conformers of 1‐fluoro‐, 1‐chloro‐, and 1‐bromopropanes have been also reproduced via some of the used calculations in the present work. The effect of the geminal interactions on X atomic charges and on the C–X and C–C bond lengths in halopropane isomers are also discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 966–976, 2002
Theoretical study on the mechanism of the 1CHCl + NO reaction
Authors: Liu Jian‐Jun , Ding Yi‐Hong , Tao Yu‐Guo , Feng Ji‐Kang , Sun Chia‐Chung
Published: August 2002

The complex doublet potential energy surface of the CHClNO system, including 31 minimum isomers and 84 transition states, is investigated at the QCISD(T)/6‐311G(d, p)//B3LYP/6‐31G(d, p) level in order to explore the possible reaction mechanism of the singlet CHCl with NO. Various possible isomerization and dissociation channels are probed. The initial association between 1CHCl and NO at the terminal N‐site can almost barrierlessly lead to the chainlike adducts HClCNO a (a1, a2.) followed by the direct Cl‐extrusion to product P9 Cl + HCNO, which is the most feasible channel. Much less competitively, a (a1, a2) undergoes a ring‐closure leading to the cyclic isomer c‐C(HCl)NO d followed by a concerted Cl‐shift and NO cleavage of d to form the branched isomers ClNC(H)O f (f1, f2). Eventually, f (f1, f2) may take a direct H‐extrusion to produce P7 H + ClNCO or a concerted 1,2‐H‐shift and Cl‐extrusion to form P1 Cl + HNCO. The low‐lying products P2 HCl + NCO, P3 Cl + HOCN, P14 HCO + 3NCl, P6 ClO + HCN, and P13 ClNC + OH may have the lowest yields observed. Our calculations show that the product distributions of the title reaction are quite different from those of the analogous 1CHF + NO reaction, yet are similar to those of another analogous 3CH2 + NO reaction. The similarities and discrepancies among the three reactions are discussed in terms of the substitution effect. The present article may assist in future experimental identification of the product distributions for the title reaction and may be helpful for understanding the halogenated carbene chemistry. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 625–649, 2002
Energy‐based reconstruction of a protein backbone from its α‐carbon trace by a Monte‐Carlo method
Authors: Kaźmierkiewicz Rajmund , Liwo Adam , Scheraga Harold A.
Published: August 2002

An automatic procedure is proposed for reconstruction of a protein backbone from its Cα‐trace; it is based on optimization of a simplified energy function of a peptide backbone, given its α‐carbon trace. The energy is expressed as a sum of the energies of interaction between backbone peptide groups that are not neighbors in the sequence, the energies of local interactions within all amino acid residues, and a harmonic penalty function accounting for the conservation of standard bond angles. The energy of peptide group interactions is calculated using the assumption that each peptide group acts as a point dipole. For local interaction energy, use is made of a two‐dimensional Fourier series expansion of the energies of model terminally blocked amino acid residues, calculated with the Empirical Conformational Energy Program for Peptides (ECEPP/3) force field in the angles λ(1) and λ(2) defining the rotation of peptide groups adjacent to a Cα carbon atom about the corresponding Cα … Cα virtual‐bond axes. To explore all possible rotations of peptide groups within a fixed Cα‐trace, a Monte Carlo search is carried out. The initial λ angles are calculated by aligning the dipoles of the peptide groups that are close in space, subject to the condition of favorable local interactions. After the Monte Carlo search is accomplished with the simplified energy function, the energy of the structure is minimized with the ECEPP/3 force field, with imposition of distance constraints corresponding to the initial Cα‐trace geometry. The procedure was tested on model α‐helices and β‐sheets, as well as on the crystal structure of the immunoglobulin binding protein (PDB code: 1IGD, an α/β protein). In all cases, complete backbone geometry was reconstructed with a root‐mean‐square (rms) deviation of 0.5 Å from the all‐atom target structure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 7: 715–723, 2002
Computation of pressure components due to Class II force fields
Authors: Carpenter John E.
Published: August 2002

It has been shown that purely angle dependent terms in a force field do not contribute to the total pressure in a molecular simulation. However, this is not the case for the individual components of the pressure tensor, and is also untrue for crossterms in the force field including bond stretch. In this article, we show that virial contributions to the pressure tensor are easily computed in terms of bond distance vectors and atom forces for the bond topologies present in a Class II force field. Results from a simulation of a phospholipid biomembrane using the cff97 force field show that angle and torsional crossterms make a significant contribution to the pressure tensor. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 667–672, 2002
Quantum bits with polyacetylene
Authors: Da Silva Andre Elvas Pereira , E Silva Geraldo Magela
Published: August 2002

The dynamics of a polyacetylene single chain as a system for possible physical implementations of quantum bits is determined. This novel proposition is studied by varying intensity and duration of application of an electric field as well as the intensity, number, and position in the polymer chain of impurity molecules. The behavior of soliton pairs, whose associated energy levels form the quantum bit, is analyzed. The chain is modeled by a modified Pariser–Parr–Pople Hamiltonian extended to include the effects of an external electric field and the parameters of the impurity molecules. The effect of the variation of the field and impurities on the separation of the energy levels associated with soliton pairs is analyzed by numerical integration of the equations of motion. Two different approaches for controlling the separation of levels are presented, and their features compared. First, the use of changes in the electric field to control the distance (and ultimately coupling) between two solitons moving freely on the chain or captured by the potential generated by the impurity molecules. Second, the change in the intensity of the impurities alone, with no application of an external field. We have found that the effect of the use of the field on the separation of levels is much smaller than the one obtained by changes in the parameters of the impurity molecules, which eventually led us to achieve quantum bit behavior in a polyacetylene chain. The influence of the field and impurity parameters in the energy levels is determined, as well as their role in the coupling of the two solitons on the chain. Critical values for distance between solitons, intensity of field, and impurities that determine whether a pair of solitons can work as a quantum bit are obtained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 9: 870–873, 2002
Ab initio study on the electronic structures of styrene in the Franck‐Condon region
Authors: Amatatsu Yoshiaki
Published: August 2002

The electronic structures of styrene in the Franck‐Condon region have been theoretically examined by means of ab initio complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) and the second order multireference Møller‐Plesset calculations. The optimized structure of styrene in S0 is planar but the torsional motion of the phenyl group is very floppy. The S1 state is assigned to the local π–π* excitation within the benzene ring. On the other hand, S2, above S1 by 0.561 eV, is assigned to a state that resembles the so‐called V‐state of ethylene. The transition intensity of S0–S1 is weak, while that of S0–S2 is strong. This is in good agreement with the experimental absorption spectrum where the S0–S1 and S0–S2 transitions are in the energy range of 290–220 nm. The optimized geometry of S1, characterized by an enlarged benzene ring and its vibrational analyses, further justifies the assignment of the S1 state. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 9: 928–937, 2002
Analytical energy gradient evaluation in relativistic and nonrelativistic density functional calculations
Authors: Wang Fan , Li Lemin
Published: August 2002

The expressions of analytical energy gradients in density functional theory and their implementation in programs are reported. The evaluation of analytical energy gradients can be carried out in the fully 4‐component relativistic, approximate relativistic, and nonrelativistic density functional calculations under local density approximation or general gradient approximation with or without frozen core approximation using different basis sets in our programs. The translational invariance condition and the fact that the one‐center terms do not contribute to the energy gradients are utilized to improve the calculation accuracy and to reduce the computational effort. The calculated results of energy gradients and optimized geometry as well as atomization energies of some molecules by the analytical gradient method are in very good agreement with results obtained by the numerical derivative method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 920–927, 2002
Exact Gaussian expansions of Slater‐type atomic orbitals
Authors: Gomes André Severo Pereira , Custodio Rogério
Published: August 2002

Three exact Slater‐type function (STO) integral transforms are presented. The STO‐NG basis set can then be developed using either only 1s Gaussian functions, the same Gaussian exponents for each shell, or using the first Gaussian of each symmetry. The use of any of these three alternatives depends only on appropriate numerical integration techniques. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1007–1012, 2002
A quasi‐symmetric 2‐(49,9,6) design
Authors: Harada Masaaki , Munemasa Akihiro
Published: August 2002

Huffman and Tonchev discovered four non‐isomorphic quasi‐symmetric 2‐(49,9,6) designs. They arise from extremal self‐dual [50,25,10] codes with a certain weight enumerator. In this note, a new quasi‐symmetric 2‐(49,9,6) design is constructed. This is established by finding a new extremal self‐dual [50,25,10] code as a neighbor of one of the four extremal codes discovered by Huffman and Tonchev. A number of new extremal self‐dual [50,25,10] codes with other weight enumerators are also found. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 173–179, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10007
Superpure digraph designs
Authors: Hartmann Sven
Published: August 2002

A digraph design is a decomposition of a complete (symmetric) digraph into copies of pre‐specified digraphs. Well‐known examples for digraph designs are Mendelsohn designs, directed designs or orthogonal directed covers. A digraph design is superpure if any two of the subdigraphs in the decomposition have no more than two vertices in common. We give an asymptotic existence theorem for superpure digraph designs, which is a variation of an earlier result of Lamken and Wilson J Combin Theory Ser A 89: 149–200, 2000. As an immediate consequence, we obtain new results for supersimple designs and pure perfect Mendelsohn designs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 239–255, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10013
One‐factorizations of complete multigraphs and quadrics in PG(n,q)
Authors: Kiss Gy.
Published: August 2002

A new infinite family of simple indecomposable one‐factorizations of the complete multigraphs is constructed by using quadrics of finite projective spaces. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 139–143, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcd.997
Psychotherapy for health and lifestyle change
Authors: Feinstein Robert E. , Feinstein Marilyn Sommer
Published: August 2002

Health practitioners use various models for facilitating health or lifestyle change, which entails either stopping an unhealthy behavior or promoting a new healthy behavior. Four models offer evidence‐based, systematic, and integrative approaches to lifestyle change. They are: the Transtheoretical Model or Stages of Change; Brief Motivational Interviewing; Prevention Oriented Primary Care; and the ECBIS Psychotherapy Model (Emotion, Cognition, Behavioral, Interpersonal, and System). This article reviews each model and features a case illustration to demonstrate how these models can be integrated and applied clinically to help a patient change multiple health behaviors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 57: 1263–1275, 2001.
Pain and emotion: New research directions
Authors: Keefe Francis J. , Lumley Mark , Anderson Timothy , Lynch Thomas , Studts Jamie L. , Carson Kimi L.
Published: August 2002

Originally published in J Clin Psychol 57: 587–607, 2001.

Through an oversight, Jamie Studts had previously not been listed as an author of this article in the special issue entitled “Psychological Treatment of the Patient with Chronic Disease.”

The editors apologize for the omission.
Stimulation of DNA synthesis by tumor promoters in primary rat hepatocytes is not mediated by arachidonic acid metabolites
Authors: Lee Chow H. , Edwards Anthony M.
Published: August 2002

Studies in vivo using inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis suggested that prostaglandins may play a role in mediating tumor promotion in liver by agents such as phenobarbital (PB). However, it is not clear whether any stimulation of arachidonic acid metabolism/prostaglandin formation results directly from the action of tumor promoters on hepatocytes or indirectly from effects of promoters on Kupffer cells or other non‐hepatocytes. Our laboratory has been utilizing relatively pure populations of rat hepatocytes under the defined conditions of primary cultures, to investigate growth‐stimulatory actions of tumor promoters, an important element in the promotion stage of carcinogenesis. It has been shown that most if not all liver tumor promoters tested stimulate hepatocyte DNA synthesis when added in combination with factors such as EGF, insulin, and glucocorticoid. In the present study, we sought evidence for a role of prostaglandins (PGs) in the direct growth‐stimulatory actions of tumor promoters on hepatocytes. PGE2, PGF2α, and PGD2 cause concentration‐dependent stimulation of hepatocyte DNA synthesis, while arachidonic acid was without any effect. PGE2 and PGF2α required the presence of dexamethasone to exert significant effects. These PGs did not further augment the stimulatory effect of EGF. In contrast, PGD2 stimulated DNA synthesis in the presence or absence of insulin, dexamethasone, or EGF. The effect of tumor promoters on arachidonic acid metabolism, as measured by [3H]arachidonic acid release and PGE2 production, was determined. The phorbol ester TPA significantly increased [3H]arachidonic acid release as well as PGE2 formation in hepatocytes in line with known effects in other cell types. However, liver tumor promoters phenobarbital (PB), α‐hexachlorocycohexane (HCH), 1,1‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl)‐2,2,2‐trichloroethane (DDT), and pregnenolone‐16α‐carbonitrile (PCN) were without effects. Finally, inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism were tested for effects on the ability of TPA or liver tumor promoters to stimulate DNA synthesis by direct action on cultured hepatocytes. In all cases, lack of selective inhibition was observed. Taken together, the results show that while prostaglandins may directly stimulate DNA synthesis in hepatocytes, they are unlikely to mediate the direct growth‐stimulatory actions of liver tumor promoters. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Na+/K+ pump expression in the L8 rat myogenic cell line: Effects of heterologous α subunit transfection*
Authors: Sharabani‐Yosef Orna , Bak Asia , Nir Uri , Sampson Sanford R.
Published: August 2002

We have characterized the physiological and biochemical properties of the Na+/K+ pump and its molecular expression in L8 rat muscle cells. Pump properties were measured by [3H]ouabain binding and 86Rb uptake. Scatchard plot analysis of specific ouabain binding indicated the presence of a single family of binding sites with a Bmax of ∼135 fmol/ mg P and a KD of 3.3 × 10−8. 86Rb uptake due to specific pump activity was found to be 20% of the total in L8 cells. The results indicated lower affinity of L8 cells for ouabain and lower activity of the pump than that reported for chick or rat skeletal muscle in primary culture. Both the α1 and β1 protein and mRNA isoforms were expressed in myoblasts and in myotubes, while the α2, α3, and β2 isoforms were not detectable. We attempted to overcome low physiological expression of the Na+/K+ pump by employing a vector expressing an avian high affinity α subunit. This allowed identification of the transfected subunit separate from that endogenously expressed in L8 cells. Successful transfection into L8 myoblasts and myotubes was recognized by anti‐avian α subunit monoclonal antibodies. Fusion index, Na+/K+ pump activity, and the level of the transmembrane resting potential were all significantly greater in transfected L8 (tL8) cells than in non‐tL8. The total amount of α subunit (avian and rat) in tL8 cells was greater than that (only rat) in non‐tL8 cells. This relatively high abundance of the Na+/K+ pump in transfected cells may indicate that avian and rat α subunits hybridize to form functional pump complexes. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gold adsorption from cyanide solution by chitinous materials
Authors: Niu Hui , Volesky Bohumil
Published: August 2002

Adsorption of AuCN2− by chitinous materials such as acid‐washed crab‐shells burnt crab‐shells, as well as by chitin modified by quaternization of amine was affected by the pH of the sorption system. The maximum AuCN2− uptake by acid‐washed crab‐shells occurred at pH 3.7 corresponding to a final Au concentration of 0–0.025 mM. While this material did not bind any AuCN2− at pH 10, crab‐shells burnt in a non‐oxidizing atmosphere removed 90% of the metal under these alkaline conditions. SEM with EDXA analysis of the biosorbent showed that the heat treatment changed the ratio of C/O and created a highly porous material structure. FTIR results indicated that phenolic groups were the main sites responsible for AuCN2− binding on burnt acid‐washed shells. Chitin, the main component of crab‐shells, was modified by grafting tertiary amine to C‐3 and C‐6 on chitin to create quaternary amine groups. The presence of quaternary amine groups also made AuCN2− uptake possible at pH10. The results confirmed that certain chitinous materials are capable of effectively removing and concentrating anionic gold cyanide from both acidic and alkaline solutions if pretreated by appropriate physical or chemical methods.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
The use of sodium formate for the recovery of precious metals from acidic base metal effluents
Authors: Julsing Herman G , McCrindle Robert I
Published: August 2002

Zinc was used for the reduction of the platinum group metals (PGMs) in acidic effluents. Due to the increasing cost of zinc, sodium formate was investigated as an alternative reductant. In a base metal‐containing acidic effluent, called diethylenetriamine barren, sodium formate was used to precipitate the PGMs. This effluent was the filtrate obtained after a precipitation procedure had been used to remove rhodium and iridium. It was found that pH 1.5 was the optimum starting pH for sodium formate reduction. The pH increased to approximately 4.5 after the addition of sodium formate. The optimum concentration of sodium formate was found to be 30 g dm−3 at a temperature of 100 °C where the process time was 6 h. Platinum and palladium were the most effectively reduced PGMs, both exhibiting an average precipitation efficiency of greater than 99%. Difficulty was experienced with the precipitation of iridium (average precipitation efficiency of 76%). The precipitated PGMs readily dissolved in hydrochloric acid (6 M) and sodium chlorate (2%). A reduction in costs resulted from the discontinuation of the use of zinc for reduction purposes. An additional advantage was that zinc was no longer introduced into the PGM refinery circuits.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
The use of bacteriophages for treatment and prevention of bacterial disease in animals and animal models of human infection
Authors: Barrow P A
Published: August 2002

A brief history of the use of lytic bacteriophages in bacterial disease therapy is presented. After early disillusionment with the idea following poor experimental work, control of phages and field trials, studies were set up in the 1980's in the UK to study their use in farm animal infections. Work with E. coli septicaemia and diarrhoea has shown that phages can be highly effective prophylactically and therapeutically and more effective than antibiotics. There is considerable potential for their use in a limited number of infection types in both man and animals.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Production of lipolytic enzymes in batch cultures of Ophiostoma piceae
Authors: Tamerler Candan B , Martinez Angel T , Keshavarz Tajalli
Published: August 2002

After an extensive fungal screening, an Ophiostoma piceae strain was selected for its ability to produce high concentrations of lipase and esterase to remove pitch components of wood pulp. Optimal conditions for growth and enzyme production were established first in shaken flasks. A medium containing rapeseed oil and mycological peptone resulted in a lipase activity of 736 U dm−3 and an esterase activity of 1569 U dm−3. When fermentation runs were implemented using the same medium under controlled conditions in 2‐dm3 fermenters, the lipase and esterase activities were increased to 1005 and 4006 U dm−3 respectively. Further scale‐up was carried out in two stages to 20 dm3 and 72 dm3 (pilot‐scale) stirred tank reactors. The results proved that the cultures could be scaled‐up successfully from shaken flasks to pilot‐scale with increases of 47% and 146% in lipase and esterase activities respectively.

© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic appearance of extensive hepetic arterial calcification mimicking pneumobilia
Authors: Pai Sucheta S. , Bude Ronald O.
Published: August 2002

Pneumobilia appears sonographically as intrahepatic linear echogenic regions that often produce distal acoustic shadowing. We present a case in which extensive hepatic arterial calcification mimicked the sonographic appearance of pneumobilia. In the appropriate clinical setting, extensive hepatic arterial calcification should be considered when intrahepatic linear echogenic regions are found sonographically. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:38–41, 2002.
Lymphatic versus blood vascular endothelial growth factors and receptors in humans
Authors: Partanen Taina A. , Paavonen Karri
Published: August 2002

Three different growth factor systems have been described acting via endothelial cell‐specific receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). These are vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), angiopoietins, and ephrins. Recent studies on gene targeting suggest that they play critical roles in embryonic development and contribute to the integrity and responses to environmental factors in the adult vasculature. Coagulation, inflammation, immune response regulation, vascular tone, stromal component synthesis, and angiogenesis are all dependent on the physiological and pathological events that affect endothelial cells in the heart, arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, takes place in adults only during hormonal control of female reproduction. All other activation of angiogenesis in adulthood occurs in response to injury or pathological processes such as tumorigenesis, diabetes, or inflammatory conditions. Insufficient growth of collateral vessels is a major problem in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Controlled stimulation of angiogenesis would be of therapeutic value. Lymphangiogenesis, the mechanisms involved in the development of lymphatic vessels, was studied intensively nearly a century ago, although since then it has been neglected, perhaps because, unlike the disorders of blood vessels, those of the lymphatic vessels are seldom life‐threatening. Interrupting this one‐way system can cause severe disorders, including liver dysfunction, genetic disease (e.g., Milroys disease), and degenerative disease (e.g., primary lymphangiosclerosis). Recently, novel growth factors, receptors, cell surface proteins, and transcription factors have been found which play a role in the lymphatic endothelium. These are VEGF‐C, VEGF‐D, VEGFR‐3, LYVE‐1, podoplanin, and Prox‐1. Until recently lymphatic vessels have been difficult to study due to a lack of appropriate tools. Monoclonal antibodies raised against VEGFR‐3 and against its ligands, VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D, have offered an insight into expression studies in tissues. In this review, we summarize the recent data on VEGFs in the human vasculature. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:108–121, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Environmental antiecdysteroids alter embryo development in the crustacean Daphnia magna
Authors: Mu Xueyan , LeBlanc Gerald A.
Published: August 2002

The role of ecdysteroids in crustacean embryo development and the susceptibility of the developing embryo to the antiecdysteroidal properties of an environmental chemical were evaluated. The agricultural fungicide fenarimol was shown to exhibit antiecdysteroidal activity to the crustacean Daphnia magna by lowering endogenous ecdysone levels and delaying molting in a concentration‐dependent fashion that was mitigated by co‐exposure to exogenous 20‐hydroxyecdysone. Exposure of either gravid maternal organisms or isolated embryos to fenarimol resulted in embryo abnormalities ranging from early partial developmental arrest to incomplete development of antennae and shell spines. Developmental abnormalities were associated with suppressed ecdysone levels in the embryos and the abnormalities could be prevented by co‐exposure to 20‐hydroxyecdysone. Developmental abnormalities caused by the antiecdysteroid were associated with reduced fecundity of the parental organisms. These results demonstrate that ecdysteroids are critical to normal crustacean embryo development and environmental antiecdysteroids can disrupt normal embryo development and compromise the production of viable offspring. Antiecdysteroidal activity may provide a means by which environmental chemicals impact crustacean species while not affecting vertebrates. J. Exp. Zool. 292:287–292, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of antiandrogen cyproterone acetate on the development of the antler cycle in Southern pudu (Pudu puda)
Authors: Bubenik George A. , Reyes Eugenia , Schams Dieter , Lobos Alejandro , Bartos̆ Ludĕk , Koerner Fernando
Published: August 2002

The antler cycle of pudu is similar to other cervids, but unlike most boreal deer, male Southern pudu (Pudu puda) exhibits two seasonal peaks of LH and testosterone. In that respect, pudu is similar to roe deer. Whereas the antler cycle in some deer species, such as roe deer or white‐tailed deer, is very sensitive to variation of testosterone, in other cervids, such as fallow deer or reindeer, a blockade of androgens with cyproterone acetate (CA) has little or no effect on the timing of the antler casting. In order to test the sensitivity of pudu antlers to variations of androgens, CA (administered 2× weekly at 50 mg/buck) was injected intramuscularly for 3 weeks in 5 adult male pudu, starting February 19 (late summer). Four other males of similar age served as controls. The experiment was performed at the University of Concepcion, Chile, latitude 36.6°S. Blood samples were taken once a week between January 19 and April 3. In CA‐treated bucks, the antlers were cast approximately 3 weeks after the initiation of CA treatment and a new antler growth began almost immediately. The antlers reached about 5 cm in length, before ceasing to grow at the end of April, when they became mineralized and were subsequently polished. CA had no effect on the already declining levels of LH. Plasma levels of testosterone in controls increased from February 15, whereas in CA‐treated bucks remained depresses until March 21. It is concluded that similarly to white‐tailed deer, the antler cycle of Southern pudu is very sensitive to manipulation of androgen levels. J. Exp. Zool. 292:393–401, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physiological changes in the spawning gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, succeeding the removal of males
Authors: Meiri Iris , Gothilf Yoav , Zohar Yonathan , Elizur Abigail
Published: August 2002

The physiological effects triggered in females by the removal of males from a group of spawning fish were examined in the multiple batch spawner, the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata. One week after the removal of males, a large portion of the oocytes underwent atresia, and sporadic release of low quality eggs continued at low frequency over a period of seven weeks. The transcript levels of the three native gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) forms, salmon (s)GnRH, seabream (sb)GnRH, and chicken (c)GnRH‐II, and the two βGtH subunits were measured. Brain mRNA levels for all three GnRHs and pituitary βLH mRNA levels significantly declined in the females as a result of removing the males compared to females that were maintained with males. Pituitary βFSH mRNA levels showed the opposite trend and were significantly higher in females that were separated from males. Circulating levels of LH, testosterone, estradiol, 17α,20β‐dihydroxy‐4‐pregnen‐3‐one, and 17α,20β,21‐trihydroxy‐4‐pregnen‐3‐one all declined in the group of females without males. These results imply the existence of an endocrine response to socio‐sexual stimuli during the reproductive process in the gilthead seabream. J. Exp. Zool. 292:555–564, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensing and transfer of respiratory gases at the fish gill
Authors: Perry Steve F. , Gilmour Kathleen M.
Published: August 2002

The gill is both a site of gas transfer and an important location of chemoreception or gas sensing in fish. While often considered separately, these two processes are clearly intricately related because the gases that are transferred between the ventilatory water and blood at the gill are simultaneously sensed by chemoreceptors on, and within, the gill. Modulation of chemoreceptor discharge in response to changes in O2 and CO2 levels, in turn, is believed to initiate a series of coordinated cardiorespiratory reflexes aimed at optimising branchial gas transfer. The past decade has yielded numerous advances in terms of our understanding of gas transfer and gas sensing at the fish gill, particularly concerning the transfer and sensing of carbon dioxide. In addition, recent research has moved from striving to construct a single model that covers all fish species, to recognition of the considerable inter‐specific variation that exists with respect to the mechanics of gas transfer and the cardiorespiratory responses of fish to changes in O2 and CO2 levels. The following review attempts to integrate gas transfer and gas sensing at the fish gill by exploring recent advances in these areas. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.