bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-vitro effect of Artemisia absinthium (Titween) on digestibilityand rumen parameters of small ruminants
Authors: Ishfaq A. , Bhat A. R. , Ganai A. M. , Beigh Y. A. , Sheikh G. G. , Masood Danish
Published: January 2017

The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Artemisia absinthium on in-vitro digestibility and rumen parameters of small ruminants. Initially chemical analysis of Artemisia Absinium was carried out along with other feed ingredients. The complete feed for small ruminants was fortified with Artemisia absinthium @ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%, and was subjected to in-vitro analysis to determine their DM, OM, and NDF digestibility. The levels were also evaluated for various rumen parameters like pH, Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), Total nitrogen, nitrogen fractions (NH3-N, TCA- ppt. N, NPN). Significant (P less than0.05) increase in in-vitro digestibility was reported at the 4% fortification level of Artemisia absinthium. The studies on rumen parameters revealed that the differences in rumen pH and NPN values were statistically non-significant (P>0.05) among different fortification levels. However significant (P less than 0.05) differences were observed in TVFA, total nitrogen and TCA ppt. nitrogen was significantly higher in 4% fortification level. Ammonia nitrogen was found significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in 3 and 4% fortification levels.
Effect of Omega-3 fatty acids enrichment on performance and carcass traits of broiler chicken
Authors: Bharath* N. , Chinnipreetam V. , Reddy V. Ravinder , Panda A.K.
Published: January 2017

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on performance, carcass traits of broiler chicken. For this purpose, 280 day-old commercial male broiler chicks were randomly divided into seven dietary groups with eight replicates of five birds each (7x8x5) and reared in battery brooders up to 42 days of age following standard management and vaccination schedule. The birds were offered with corn-soya based broiler pre-starter (0-11 days), starter (12-21 days) and finisher (22-42 days) diets. The control diet (T1) was prepared with sunflower oil and diets for remaining treatment groups (T2- T7) were formulated by replacing sunflower oil with different levels of linseed oil and fish oil. The experimental design consists of T1 - Control diet with sunflower oil, T2 - linseed oil @ 33% of sunflower oil, T3 - linseed oil @ 67% of sunflower oil, T4 - linseed oil @ 100%, T5 - fish oil @ 33% of sunflower oil, T6 - fish oil @ 67% of sunflower oil and T7 - fish oil @ 100%. The performance of broiler chicken was evaluated in terms of weekly body weight gain (WBWG) and Feed consumption (FC) as influenced by the supplementation of various levels of Linseed and fish oil. At the end of experiment (42nd day) one bird from each replicate (8 birds per treatment) was randomly selected for estimating slaughter parameters. Significant (P less than 0.05) influence was noticed on the body weight gains of broilers. Feed consumption was not significantly (P greater than 0.05) influenced whereas, FCR was significantly (P less than 0.05) influenced. The Carcass traits like dressing yield, breast yield, liver and giblet percentage were not influenced, whereas abdominal fat percentage was significantly (P less than 0.05) influenced by the inclusion of n-3 fatty acid sources. The study indicated that supplementation of n-3 FA (LO or FO) sources at the level of 3.9 per cent did not cause any adverse effects on performance of broilers, carcass characteristics of meat in addition to decrease in abdominal fat percent.
Effects of dietary lipids and Clostridium butyricum onchicken volatile flavour compounds
Authors: Zhang Bingkun , Liu Xuan , Li Shurong , Wang Zongyi
Published: January 2017

The effect of dietary lipids and Clostridium butyricum supplementation on chicken volatile aroma compounds was investigated. One hundred and ninety two one-day-old broilers were divided into 4 treatment groups in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, and fed four diets with two lipid sources (soybean oil or fish oil) and two levels of C. butyricum (0 or 1´109 CFU/Kg) for a period of 42 days. Dietary lipids and C. butyricum had no effect on broiler performance. The contents of C18:2, C18:3, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3 and n-3 PUFA were significantly increased in breast muscle by feeding fish oil. Dietary oil had an effect on aroma compounds significantly in breast muscle. Cooked chicken breast muscle from fish oil diet had lower flavor, and the flavor was improved after supplementing with C. butyricum in the diet. The results of this study indicated that fish oil diets could increase the n-3 PUFA content of chicken meat, but lower flavor of cooked chicken. The lowered flavor could be improved by supplementing with C. butyricum in the diet.
Reproductive performance of different goat breeds in Malaysia
Authors: TA Mohammed Muayad , M.Z.H. Haniza , I. Husni
Published: January 2017

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device in three goat breeds of Malaysia using Artificial Insemination (AI), on the reproductive performance, which included; Estrus Synchronization (ES), pregnancy, singleton, twin, and mortality rate. Sixty goats were divided in to treatment group (TRE: n = 30) which received CIDR for 9 days and AI was done on 10th day, and a control group (CON: N = 30). Three goat breed, namely, Kambing Katjang (KK), Boer and Jamnapari, (n = 20 to each strain), were used in this study. . . Data were analyzed to determine the effects of CIDR and strain on the reproductive performance of goats. ANOVA or T-test were used to analyze data for the effects of CIDR and breed. Finding showed the using of CIDR and breed may effect of reproductive performance. Results indicated that the CIDR can be used to activate the reproductive system, accelerate estrus cycle, and increase twin rates. Boer strain that might help to improve herd production by producing twins.
Y-chromosome variation in Indian native cattle breeds and crossbred population
Authors: Ganguly Indrajit , Kumar Suchit , Singh Sanjeev , Sodhi Monika , Bhakat Mukesh
Published: January 2017

The paternally inherited Y chromosome markers have been used widely in population genetic studies to trace paternal lineages, to understand differences in migration pattern and populations admixture in animals. In the absence of crossing over, Y-chromosomal markers in the non-recombining male-specific region (MSY) are mostly transmitted as a haplotype. Recent studies of five polymorphic sites on DDX3Y, UTY and ZFY genes of bull MSY assisted in the identification of three haplotypes (Y1, Y2 and Y3) in contemporary cattle. Here we report the screening of five SNPs (ZFY9- 120> C/T; ZFY10- 655> C/T; DDX3Y1- 425>C/T; DDX3Y7 -123>C/T and UTY19-423>C/A) of bull MSY employing optimized and validated allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) protocols that are useful in effective differentiation of bull/semen samples of Bos indicus and Bos taurus origin. Three haplotypes (Y1, Y2 and Y3) were identified in the present study by the screening of 181 bulls from 10 native cattle breeds and 50 HF crossbred. Y1 and Y2 haplotypes were restricted to HF crossbred with a frequency of 0.98 and 0.02, respectively. The high frequency of Y1 haplotype is possibly due to the occurrence of Y1 lineage predominantly in HF bulls. All the native cattle breeds were observed to have pure indicine haplotype (Y3). These cost effective AS-PCR protocols may be useful for reliable and accurate genotyping of Y-SNPs in diverse native cattle breeds, exotic and crossbred cattle populations.
Design of Supercritical Water Reactor with Thorium Fuel Cell
Authors: Utami Rina , Yulianti Yanti
Published: January 2017

The research of desain of super critical water reactor (SCWR) thorium fuel has been done. The objective of this research is to obtain the design with high thermal power and inherent safety features. The analyzed parameters were:corefuelenrichment,reactorsize,criticality,andpowerdensitydistribution.Acorecalculationof x,y,z was achieved by CITATION code. Fuel composition and core configurations in critical condition were calculated by variation of fuel enrichment, reactor size and configuration of the fuel in the core. SCWR used thorium as fuel, stainless steel as cladding, light water as moderator and coolant as well. This research obtained critical core design that is size x = 85 cm, y = 85 cm and z = 180 cm. The critical condition can be achieved when the inner fuel loaded about 2.23% fuel enrichment and outer fuel 1.5% fuel encrichmant. The design produced 1000 MW thermal power, the maximum power density is 625.675 Watts /cc and k-effective value is 1.000274. Thereactorcoreinthisresearchfulfillstheinherentsafetystandardintermofneutronicaspect. Keywords : Core design, SCWR, thorium, power density, passive safety
Efficiency Calculation Analysis of A-Si:H Solar Cells for Determination of Optimum Filament Temperature in Material Deposition
Authors: Purwandari Endhah , Winata Toto
Published: January 2017

Solar cell efficiency as a function of the energy gap has been simulated by calculating the output current characteristics of the devices based on the distribution of charge carriers, obtained from the solution of the Poisson equation and the Continuity equation. The hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) based solar cell, has simulated in the form of one-dimensional single junction p/i/n. The junction structure of a-SiC:H/a-Si:H/a-Si:H designed have the thickness of 0,015 μm/0,550 μm/0,030 μm, respectively. For simulation, the energy gap has considered constant in the p and n layers, whereas the i layer varies according to the empirical data of energy gap obtained from the deposition parameters of filament temperature. Simulations performed using the finite element method supported by FEMLAB software. Based on simulation results, obtained the highest efficiency of 9.35% corresponds to the lowest energy gap data of 1.706 eV for layer i. This appropriates to the filament temperature of 800oC and subsequently used as the optimum deposition parameters of the material. Keyword: Energy gap, efficiency, FEM, solar cell, hydrogenated amorphous silicon
Preparation of Reference Material for Trigonelline Determination Inside of Green Coffee Beans Using HPTLC
Authors: Muflihah Yeni M. , Buchari Buchari
Published: January 2017

Preliminary study of preparation reference material for trigonelline determination in green coffee beans have been performed by HPTLC method. Physical characterization performed on green coffee beans include the determination of moisture content, ash content and metal content. Water content values obtained on average 6.4% (%RSD 4.8) and ash content 3.9% (%RSD 16.2). Metal determination (Cu, Zn, Fe) with atomic absorption spectrometry method found Cu 9.4 (mg/kg), Zn 12,0 (mg/kg) and Fe 64.0 (mg /kg). Sonication as extraction method using methanol solvent for 30 minutes and separation method HPTLC on aluminum plates coated with silica gel 60 F254. Eluent used was mixture of n-propanol: methanol: water (4:1:4, v/v/v) with elution length 8 cm. Linear regression obtained in concentration range 200-1200 ng spot-1 with R2 = 0.9857. Detection limits obtained 140.7 ng and 468.9 ng for quantitation limit. Repeatability was achieved from 800 ng spot-1 (% RSD 13.8). Keywords : Reference material, Trigonelline, green coffee, HPTLC
Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability of Bamboo and Sengon Wood Thin Sheets Reinforced Poly Latic Acid (PLA) Biocomposites)
Authors: Sujito S. , Munawaroh Hanim , Purwandari Endhah
Published: January 2017

Development of biocomposite materials based on natural fibers and environmentally friendly resins to replace composite materials made from plastic and synthetic fibers give the consideration that the biocomposite materials are environmentally friendly materials. In this paper, we discuss the synthesis and characterization of biocomposite materials using a combination of thin sheets of bamboo reinforcement and resin sengon and poly lactic acid (PLA). As controls were also carried out the synthesis and characterization of biocomposite material with a thin layer of reinforcement only sengon bamboo and wood. Characterization of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the material is done by using the Tensile Test Machine ASTM D 638. In the mean time, biodegradability of materials are observed made by the method of burial for 1-4 weeks. Tensile test results show that the biocomposite material reinforced with a thin sheet bamboo has a tensile strength and modulus of elasticity greater than that of the other biocomposite materials produced in this study. Meanwhile, biocomposite materials with thin layers of wood sengon reinforced easily biodegradable (dG = 13.21 ± 0.59)%, compared to a biocomposite material with a thin layer of bamboo reinforcement (dG = 10.69 ± 0.79)%. From these results it can be concluded that the composite material with a thin layer of bamboo boosters are more likely to be applied to replace metallic materials.Keywords: Biocomposites, tensile strength, elastic modulus, biodegradability, bamboo and sengon wood thin layer.
Solution Estimation of Logistic Growth Model with Ensemble Kalman Filter Method
Authors: Fitriani Vianda Nuning , Purnomo Kosala Dwidja
Published: January 2017

Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) can be applied for linear or nonlinear models. This paper is aimed to estimate the logistic growth of population models using EnKF. The estimation will be compared with the analytical solution. We assume that we can find the analytical solution of the models. The models is in the specific form i.e comparison between the population growth rate and the amount of population is in the parabolic form. The good estimation will be attained by choosing 100 as size of ensembles in EnKF. The result of estimation really so closed to the analytical solution. Keywords : Analytical solution, EnKF, ensemble
The spesies composition and distribution pattern of Gastropod at Forrest Mangrove Block Bedul Segoro Anak, Alas Purwo National Park
Authors: Adi Joko Swasono , Sudarmadji Sudarmadji , Subchan Wachju
Published: January 2017

This research aims to determine the spesies compossition and distribution pattern of Gastropod and its relationship with abiotic factors (pH, salinity, soil texture, and organic content of the soil, and the high of tide of the eustuary area) in the Mangrove forest at Blok Beduk Segoro Anak Alas Purwo National Park. This research was conducted on February 2013. Data was taken four times using a week time interval during one month. Every observation covered eight stations, where station 1 to station 4 consist of four transects and 40 plots, while station 5 to station 8 consist of 3 transects with 42 plots and each plot was 5 m × 5 m. Gastropod observed from each plot are preserved with 70% alcohol and identified in Malakologi Laboratory, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). Results of the research reveated that the Gastropod observed consist of 19 families and 37 species, and the dominant family is Ceritidae. The Diversity index of Shanon Wiener was 0.53 (low deversity). Two available of Distribution pattern, group (Canarium labiatum, Cassidula nucleus, Cerithium coralium, Chicoreus brunneus, Cassidula vespertilionis, Cerithidea cingulata, Cerithidea quadrata, Chicoreus capucinus,Conus rattus, Conus striolatus, Ellobium aurisjudae, Littorina carinifera, Littorina scabra, Monodonta labio, Nassarius melanoides, Nassarius olivaceus, Nerita balteata, Nerita planospira, Nerita undata, Pugilina ternatana, Sphaerassiminea miniata, Telescopium telescopium, Terebralia sulcata, Thais intermedia), random (Angaria delphinus, Conus catus, Conus omaria, Cymatium moniliferum, Erronea errones, Oliva oliva, Polinices aurantius, Pollia undosa, Tectus pyramis, Trochus californicus, Turbo argyrostoma). The abiotic factors had relatianship not significantly (p = 0.067) on Gastropod distribution pattern. Keywords : Distribution pattern,Gastropod, species compossition
Flowering Development of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) ‘Diamond river’
Authors: Suwardining Tyas Pining , Setyati Dwi , Umiyah Umiyah
Published: January 2017

‘Diamond river’ is introduction plant that cultivated in Indonesian. Development of longan flower divided into eight stadium  during 28 days. First and second stadium is the induction phase that lasts for 8 days, this phase is characterized by a change in color of the leaves become older by using the Munsell color charts for plant tissues indicate the scale of 7.5 GY (4/4) to GY 7.5 scale (3\2). Third stadium is the phase of flower initiation occurred by day eigth. Initiation stage appearance were showed by merristem axilar, which will form part of primordial flower. Fourth to seventh stadium are phase that a differentiation occurred on day 12 to day 24. Differentiation phase showed the development in suitable with the typical angiosperms are sepals, stamens, petals and pistils. Eighth stadium is the phase of anthesis occurred on day 28. In the phase of anthesis, flowers have undergone a process of pollination and fertilization. Keywords: Development, Diamond river, Flowering, stadium
Application of Difference Equations Model in Determining Genotype Probability Offspring with Two Different Characteristic
Authors: Wijayanto Dwi Agus , Hidayat Rusli , Hasan Moh.
Published: January 2017

Population genetics is a branch of biology which studies about the gene composition from population and the change of the gene composition is effect from some factors. One of them is lethal gene factor. The change of gene composition will influence the genotype probabilities in the population. In this paper discussed about determining the genotype for the probability of the n-th offspring genotypes in dihybrid mating by observing linkage between the two loci. The mating occurred randomly and without concern ethics in mating. This research was done by making mathematics model to determine allele pair, using difference equation, then from this model will be determined genotypes probability. The result show that the mating happened normally had the same genotype probability of each generation, meanwhile in abnormal mating, the genotype probability whose had lethal gene would decrease and the genotype probability whose did not have lethal gene would increase in each generation.Keywords : Difference equation, dihybrid mating, lethal gene, population genetics, probability
The Efficiency of First (GEE1) and Second (GEE2) Order “Generalized Estimating Equations” for Longitudinal Data
Authors: Hidayati Rizka Dwi , Tirta I Made , Dewi Yuliani Setia
Published: January 2017

The approach of GEE focuses on a linear model for the mean of the observations in the cluster without full specification  the distribution of full-on observation. GEE is a marginal model where is not based on the full likelihood of the response, but only based on the relationship between the mean (first moment) and variance (second moment) as well as the correlation matrix. The advantage of  GEE is that the mean of  parameter are estimated consistently regardless whether  the correlation structure is specified correctly or not, as long as the mean has the correct specifications. However, the efficiency may be reduced when the working correlation structure is wrong. GEE was designed to focus on the marginal mean and correlation structure as nuisiance treat. Implementation of GEE is usually limited to the number of working correlation structure (eg AR-1, exchangeable, independent, m-dependent and unstructured). To increase the efficiency of the GEE, has introduced a variation called the Generalized Estimating Equations order 2 (GEE2). GEE2 has been introduced to overcome the problem that considers correlation GEE as nuisiance, by applying the second equation to estimate covariance parameters and  solved simultaneously with the first equation. This study used simulation data which are designed based on the the AR-1 and Exchangeable correlation structure, then estimation are done  using theAR1 and exchangeable. For GEE2,  estimation done by adding model for correlation link. The result is a link affects the efficiency of the model correlation is shown with standard error values ​​generated by GEE2 method is smaller than the GEE method.
Determination of Sesame Oil Quality UsingFraunhofer Difraction Method: Refraction Index as a Temperature Function
Authors: Alfianinda Nur Inna , Misto Misto , Arkundato Artoto
Published: January 2017

Telah dirancang alat uji kemurnian bahan yang bekerja berdasarkan metode difraksi Fraunhofer celah ganda. Metode ini mempunyai akurasi yang baik, tidak memerlukan bahan uji dalam jumlah banyak serta tidak merusak kemurnian bahan uji itu sendiri (non destructive testing/non contactive testing). Pengujian dilakukan dengan menentukan persamaan indeks bias sebagai fungsi suhu bahan uji, yang diperoleh berdasarkan perubahan pola frinji gelap terang difraksi cahaya yang melewati bahan uji untuk variasi suhu yang diberikan (26 °C hingga 90 °C). Dari persamaan indeks bias yang diperoleh kemudian dapat dihitung indeks bias pada suhu sembarang. Uji kemurnian dilakukang dengan membandingkan nilai indeks bias terukur dengan nilai indeks bias referensi pada suhu tertentu. Uji statistik t-test digunakan untuk melihat tingkat akurasi alat. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tiga buah merk minyak wijen yang ada di pasaran. Dari hasil pengukuran dan perhitungan menggunakan minyak wijen tiga macam (A,B dan C) dapat diketahui bahwa dari ketiga bahan uji yang dipilih maka minyak wijen label B memiliki nilai t hitung yang paling kecil dibandingkan minyak wijen label A dan C, sehingga minyak wijen label B dianggap memiliki kualitas yang paling baik dia antara ketiga minyak wijen yang telah di uji. Keywords: Difraksi Fraunhofer, minyak wijen, indeks bias bahan, uji-t
Influence of the Gamma Ray towards Porosity Evaluation of the Rocks Using Well Log Measurement
Authors: Hiskiawan Puguh
Published: January 2017

Well Log method is one of the geophysics methods used to examine rock structure under earth surface. This research is studied by using utilizing influence of the gamma ray to physical parameter on well log measurement. This research is explained to compare the measuring data with some physical parameters. The results shown that the rock density was about 2.00 – 2.50 g/cc, the rock porosity was round 2.00 – 2.50 g/cc, whereas the resistivity has 2 Ωm to 60 Ωm. All those vaiables were measured at same depth 3420 – 3470 ft. Furthermore, the self potential value was the highest negatively. The result from physical parameter provided meaning about anomaly positively of hydrocarbon existing.Keywords: Well Log, gamma ray, hydrocarbon
Digital Image Encryption by Using a Modified Hill Code
Authors: Prasetiya Sochif , Hasan Mohammad , Santoso Kiswara Agung
Published: January 2017

Data security is very important data needed to stay awake in strict confidence from hacker intrusion or criminals who want to steal the data. Data security methods that are used in this paper is a digital image encryption by using a modified Hill’s code which is done by changing the way of encryption. If we are using Hill’s code then matrix pixel multiplied is the key matrix while on the modification Hill’s code before the key matrix then the matrix is multiplied pixels must be added to the results of the main diagonal elements of the matrix times key. The results obtained in the process of digital image encoding indicating that the image is encoded with password modification results of modified Hill's code more mixed reviews when compared to the image that was encoded with password Hill so that more effective in securing data in the form of a digital image. The size of the image file using the encoding results in a modification password Hill is smaller than ordinary password Hill with a percentage decrease of 4.6 % so more ease in delivery through electronic media Keyword: Digital image, modified Hill code, encryption, description
Profile of Interleukin-4 and Interferon-γ of Balb/c Mice after Salivary Gland Extract of Anopheles sundaicus s.l. Vaccination and Infected by Plasmodium berghei-ANKA
Authors: Machrus Ali , Adrial Adrial , Armiyanti Yunita , Wiyono Hidayat Teguh , Senjarini Kartika
Published: January 2017

Malaria infection is initiated when sporozoites are inoculated into a vertebrate host via the salivary glands of an Anopheles mosquito. During Anopheles bite,  the salivary glands release components that include vasomodulator and immunomodulators. The salivary components of vectors have important role in transmission of pathogen. Therefore, if these components were injected repeatedly into a vertebrate host, it can stimulate host immune system and inhibit the transmission of the pathogen into the host. This could be observed the increasing level of  IFN-γ and decreasing level of IL-4 in mice model  of malaria after vaccination with  salivary gland ekstract (SGE) from An sundaicus s.l. It has also been proven that this  mechanisms was related with pathogen of malaria. This was supported by the reduction of parasitemie rate in those mice model after infection by P. Berghei.   Keywords: An sundaicus s.l., IFN-γ, IL-4,immunomodulators, salivary gland , TBV
Palm Cooking Oil Refraction Index Measurement Using Single Slit Fraunhofer Diffraction Method
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Misto Misto , Hartanti Yulia
Published: January 2017

Palm cooking oil refraction index measurement has been done in several temperature using single slit Fraunhofer diffraction method. Ratio between diffraction patterns at the air dan solution medium can be used to determine its refraction index. Using aquades as sample, was obtained refractive index 1.331 with the discrepancy 0.038%. Based on the refractive indexs measured for each temperature were obtained linear equation model: Y=-(0,00145±0,00021)X+(1,54232±0,01757)where  R = -0,97266 and R^2=0,94606. Temperature changes influence strongly to refractive index changes of palm cooking oil sample, changes both inversely. Gradient of 0.00145 indicate that refractive index of palm cooking oil sample decrease slowly, so the quality is still good.   Keywords : Palm Coocing oil, refractive index, temperature, Fraunhofer diffraction method
The Analysis of Pb and Cu levels in Canned fish and Sauces for the Storage Time
Authors: Erfiandika Hefinda , Asnawati Asnawati , Ratnadewi Anak Agung Istri
Published: January 2017

Lead (Pb) is pollutant that found in canned foods which derived from the soldering between the can and the lead. Copper (Cu) is one of material which one tin packaging can be oxidized and dissolved in acidic foods. Pb and Cu are not dangerous at lowest but it can cause botulism in gross. The storage time can affect the solubility of the metals. The purpose of the research is to know levels metal Pb and Cu in fishes and sauces canned and compared with limit BPOM. The limit of BPOM in canned fish for metal Pb is 0,3 ppm and for metal Cu is 5 ppm. The steps of the method are optimization the method of destruction and the measurement using Atomic Absorption Spectrofometry (SSA). The result shows that the storage time  give effect to the greater of metal Pb and Cu in fish and sauce.The content of metal Pb in all sample exceeded the limit of BPOM. The content of metal Cu in sample A does not exceed in fish and sauce. The first month of sample B does not exceed, but the sixth month up to the twenty fourth month exceed the limit of BPOM in fish and sauce. The precision in all the measurement have on average  <2 %, it  shows that all the measurements are good repetition. Keywords: Lead , Copper, Atomic Absorption  Spectrofometry, fish, Sauce
Simple Design Flow Analysis System for Determination of Iron by Spectrophotometric method
Authors: Setiani Wiwin , Mulyono Tri , Asnawati Asnawati
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this research is to make a series of analyzes using a flow system with a bottle Marriote as pump and spectrophotometric method for determining the content of iron in water samples. Determination of iron by this method used 1,10-fenantrolin complexing or 2,2-bipyridyl. In this method, Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+ prior complexed with iron to form a specific color and then flowed it through a marriote bottle next to the spectrophotometer detector. The average flow rate of the liquid in the bottle Marriote amounted to 0.037 mL / sec. Limit detection obtained in the batch is 0.00017 ppm and 0.00023 ppm in simple flow systems analysis methods. Sensitivity obtained in the batch method is 0.027 and the simple flow system analysis method is 0.035. Flow rate precision values are expressed Marriote bottle with Kv values <5%. Values accuracy expreced percenting of recovery was 99% in the batch method, whereas the simple flow system analysis method was 98.5%. Results of t-test analysts suggest that iron determination using flow systems analysis (FIA) with the replacement pump bottle Marriote not differ significantly from the results obtained with the batch system.   Keywords: batch method, bottle Marriote, Flow Injection Analysis, spectrofotometry
Identification of Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen and Diclofenac by Using Test Strip Based on Imobilized Spesific Reagent on Nata De Coco Membrane
Authors: Ningtyas Karisma Wulan , Zulfikar Zulfikar , Piluharto Bambang
Published: January 2017

Identification of ibuprofen, ketoprofen and diclofenac can be done by using simple method, it is called test strips. Test strip is made by immobilized specific reagents with entrapment technical on membrane matrix, which the used membrane nata de coco. Immobilization reagents with entrapment techniques aimed to trap reagent molecules in the space between the supporting material.The success of this imobilization can be seen from membran changing color after additional reagent and there is no leeching after additional sample on membrane. The used reagent for this identification is methyl red for ibuprofen and ketorpofen, copper acetate for ibuprofen, potassium iodide for ketorofen and mandelin for diclofenac. From the testing result can be seen that potassium iodide is the most specific reagent compare with the other threee other reagents. By using tes strip arranged with the strip made by this imobilization, test srtrip can be used to differentiate the tree other standard samples.   Keywords: entrapment, nata de coco membrane, reagent spesific, test strip.
Production of Cellulase Enzyme from Aspergilus niger using Rice Husk and Bagasse as Inducer
Authors: Purkan Purkan , Purnama HD , Sumarsih S
Published: January 2017

Aspergillus niger is fungi can produce cellulase enzyme with agriculture waste as natural inducers. The purpose of this study was to compare the natural inducers potential between rice husk and bagasse to produce cellulase enzyme from Aspergillus niger. Production of cellulase enzyme was done with variety of inducers such as CMC, rice husk, and bagasse. The optimization of enzyme production includes optimum production time, inducer type, and optimum concentration of inducer. Furthermore, the enzyme also was characterized in pH and temperature. Enzyme activity test using the DNS method with CMC as substrate. According of this test result show that highest cellulase enzyme activity has production time for 108 hours with rice husk as inducer. The optimum rice husk concentration was needed of 2.5%. The cellulase enzyme was induced by rice husk has optimum activity at pH 4 and 50°C of 0.709 IU/mL.   Keywords : cellulase enzymes, Aspergillus niger, inducers, rice husk, bagasse.
Simulation of Formation of Icosahedral Structure in Solid-Liquid-Solid Phase Change Using Molecular Dynamics Methods
Authors: Hauwali Nikodemus Umbu Janga , Arkundato Artoto , Rohman Lutfi
Published: January 2017

It has successfully conducted research to study the structure of the icosahedral formation in the event of change of the solid phase - liquid-solid using molecular dynamics method . The result showed that the percentage of the maximum icosahedral structure is obtained when the simulation is run at the start of the cooling temperature of 2875 K at a rate of temperature decrease of 0.064 K /step and at the beginning of the cooling temperature of 3000 K at a rate of temperature decrease 0.12 K/step. While icosahedral minimum percentage obtained when the simulation is run at a temperature of 2750 K with the initial cooling rate of temperature decrease of 0.069 K/step. Based on these results we can conclude that there is a relationship between the initial temperature of the cooling and the rate of temperature decrease of the icosahedral structure is formed. Keywords: Icosahedral, phase change, molecular dynamics
Synthesis of precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) From Lime Rock Nature Methods Caustic Soda (Studies Concentration HNO3)
Authors: Azkiya Noor Isnaini , Prasetia Fanny , Putri Elsa Desyta , Rosiana Anggita , Wardhani Sri
Published: January 2017

The limestones was abundant in Tuban, East Java and have high calcium mineral content. Nevertheless, in the economic value, limestone have low price. Aim the research is prepare  Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) by caustic soda method. In this method, calcium  was dissolved in HNO3 with different concentration (2, 4,6, 8 M). The Filtrate obtained then was added by Na2CO3 1 M to get PCC. As the results, The white PCC obtained with the highest rendement is 64,7% when added HNO3 6M. Analysis of functional group by FTIR show that there were strong absorption in the 844,76; 912,27 dan 1411,40 cm-1 that indicated carbonate group. Analysis of Cristallinity by XRD show that there were the peak characteristic of 2 on 29,50˚; 36,07˚ dan 39,50˚that representative calcite structure. SEM-EDX Analysis show that PCC have a mixing structure of calcite and vaterite.   Keywords: limestone, PCC, caustic soda
Analgesic Activity Test 2- (3- (chloromethyl) Benzoiloksi) Benzoate and 2- (4- (chloromethyl) Benzoiloksi) Benzoate on Male Wistar Rats with Plantar Test Method
Authors: Tamayanti Wahyu Dewi , Widharna Ratna Megawati , Caroline Catherine , Soekarjo Bambang
Published: January 2017

The new compounds of salicylic acid derivatives, 2- (3- (chloromethyl) benzoiloksi)benzoic acid and 2-(4-(chloromethyl)benzoiloksi) benzoate was synthesized to produce a greater analgesic activity and lower stomach irritation from salicylic acid. 2-(4-(chloromethyl) benzoiloksi)benzoic acid and 2-(3-(chloromethyl)benzoiloksi) benzoate was synthesized by Schotten-Baumann acylation reaction. In this study, the analgesic test activity with plantar test method. The compound was given to test animals in doses of 12.5; 25; 50; 100; and 200 mg.kg-1. Analgesic activity was determined by the response time of mice to pain infra-red heat. The percentage is calculated by the mean pain barrier time response to pain. The results showed percentation of pain barrier: 74.28%; 105.58%; 110.58%; 115.29%; and 175.87% after administration of the compound 2-(4-(chloromethyl) benzoiloksi) benzoate at doses of 12.5; 25; 50; 100; and 200 mg.kg-1, respectively. The results of calculations percent pain barrier 2-(3-(chloromethyl)benzoiloksi) benzoate, obtained 85.30%; 92.48%; 124.96%; 180.36%; and 208.01% consecutive for the doses compound of 12.5; 25; 50; 100; and 200 mg.kg-1. Five doses of acetyl salicylic acid ranging from 12.5 mg. kg-1 to 200 mg.kg-1 resulted in percent pain barrier as follows: 26%; 34.34%; 45.68%; 60.38% and 114.12%. This study indicates that 2-(3-(chloromethyl)benzoiloksi)benzoic acid and 2-(4-(chloromethyl)benzoiloksi) benzoate are capable of producing higher analgesic activity than acetyl salicylic acid. Keywords: analgesic, benzoate, plantar test method
Visible Light-Induced Metal Free Surface Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate on SBA-15
Authors: Ma Liang , Li Na , Zhu Jian , Chen Xiao Dong
Published: January 2017

Surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) is one of the most versatile technique to modify the surface properties of material. Recent developed metal free SI-ATRP makes such technique more widely applicable. Herein photo-induced metal-free SI-ATRP of methacrylates, such as methyl methacrylate, N-isopropanyl acrylamide, and N,N- dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, on the surface of SBA-15 was reported to fabricate organic-inorganic hybrid materials. SBA-15 based polymeric composite with adjustable graft ratio was obtained. The structure evolution during the SI-ATRP modification of SBA-15 was monitored and verified by FT-IR, XPS, TGA, BET, and TEM. The obtained polymeric composite showed enhanced adsorption ability for the model compound toluene in aqueous. This procedure provides a low cost, ready availability, and facile modification way to synthesize the polymeric composites without the contamination of metal.
CO2 Gasification Reactivity of Chars Derived From Zhundong Coal
Authors: Liu Yun , Guan Yanjun , Zhang Kai
Published: January 2017

Coal gasification with carbon dioxide is a process for generating clean gaseous fuels and relieving greenhouse effect. Zhundong coal has high alkali and alkali earth metals (AAEMs) content, medium volatile and low ash in nature. Isothermal CO2 gasification of char derived from Zhundong coal (R-char) and char from acid washing R-char (AR-char) are performed in thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The effect of AAEMs is investigated on the gasification behavior in the range of temperatures 1073 K to 1273 K. The carbon conversion increases rapidly with increasing reaction temperature and CO2 concentration. R-char has high gasification rate and carbon conversion compared with AR-char. The accuracy of the free-model approach for calculating activation energy at different conversions is validated by compared with different kinetic models (volume reaction model, distributed activation energy model). Moreover, R-char gasification with CO2 shows a compensation effect as the Arrhenius parameters (EA and k0) increase or decrease simultaneously.
Introduction. Semiosis in Communication: Knowing and Learning
Authors: Drăgan Nicolae Sorin
Published: January 2017

This issue of the Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations aims to underline the importance of semiotic type queries in communication sciences. The papers included in this issue were initially presented at the first Semiosis in Communication conference, hosted by the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration in June 2016. The first Semiosis in Communication conference was organized in partnership with Roehampton University, London, UK and under the auspices of the International Association for Semiotic Studies.
Epistemology – the Theory of Knowledge or Knowing? Appreciating Gregory Bateson’s Contribution to the Cartography of Human Cognition
Authors: Wasik Zdzislaw
Published: January 2017

This article aims at a confrontation of two approaches to epistemology in order to answer the question posed in its title whether the theory of knowledge should focus on static or dynamic aspects of human cognition. In the first part, the author presents a metascientific understanding of epistemology defined in his own works as an ordered set of investigative perspectives, which practicing researchers have at their disposal when they are interested to attain a specific state of knowledge, or to support their beliefs about the nature of investigative domains with regard to the existence forms and accessibility of investigated objects. And, in the second, the subject matter of a more detailed presentation constitutes a psychophysiological approach to epistemology pertaining to the human organism preoccupied with sensorial and mental activities as a cognizing subject who aims at achieving a certain kind of information about reality. Common for both approaches to epistemology is the attainment of experiential knowledge. However, when the metascientific epistemology refers to a dispositional-perspectivistic state of knowledge acquired in cognition, the attention of the psychophysiological epistemology is paid to cognitive-constructivists activities of human organisms as subject acquiring their knowledge through personal experiences.
Stabilisasi Bekatul Dengan Ekstruder Ulir Ganda Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Kusumawaty Ineke , Fardiaz Dedi , Andarwulan Nuri , Widowati Sri , Budijanto Slamet
Published: January 2017

Keterbatasan pemanfaatan bekatul dalam pangan disebabkan oleh sifatnya yang mudah tengik sehingga perlu dilakukan stabilisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kondisi optimum stabilisasi bekatul dengan ekstruder ulir ganda tanpa die sebagai bahan bakuekstraksi protein. Optimasi kondisi stabilisasi bekatul dilakukan dengan menggunakan response surface methodology (RSM) dengan central composite design (CCD)dua faktor yaitu X1 (suhu/oC) dan X2 (kecepatan ulir/Hz).Pengolahan data menggunakan program Design Expert 7.0® yang memberikan model persamaan pengaruh suhu dan kecepatan ulir ekstruder terhadap respon kadar air, kadar protein terlarut, dan aktivitas lipoksigenase. Hasil optimasi memberikan kondisi suhu ekstrusi 130,96oC dan kecepatan ulir 26,65 Hz. Bekatul yang dihasilkan memiliki kadar air 7,02%, kadar protein terlarut 2,04%(bk), aktivitas lipoksigenase 0,007?mol/menit/ml, dan stabilitas oksidatif yanglebih tinggi yaitu 20,00 jam daripada bekatul yang tidak distabilisasi 13,50 jam.
EVALUASI EFEK KEMASAN PLASTIK TERHADAP DAYA SIMPAN BERAS (Evaluation on The Effects of Type of Plastics Packaging on The Storage Life of Rice)
Authors: Kamsiati Elmi , Darmawati Emmy , Haryadi Yadi
Published: January 2017

Beras merupakan komoditas penting karena merupakan makanan pokok sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia. Selama penyimpanan, beras dapat mengalami kerusakan karena pengaruh lingkungan, maupun serangan serangga hama pascapanen. Sitophilus oryzae merupakan serangga hama pascapanen yang banyak menyerang beras, menyebabkan susut bobot dan pencemaran kualitas selama penyimpanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh jenis kemasan terhadap kematian Sitophilus oryzae dan menentukan kemasan yang sesuai untuk penyimpanan beras. Tiga varietas beras lokal Kalimantan Tengah (Siam Jurut, Siam Unus dan Karang Dukuh) yang diinfestasi dengan Sitophilus oryzae dikemas dengan plastik “hermetik” laminat, polipropilen (PP) dan poli etilen densitas rendah (LDPE). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis plastik berpengaruh nyata pada kematian Sitophilus oryzae dalam kemasan. Total kematian Sitophilus oryzae dicapai setelah tiga hari dalam plastik “hermetik” laminat, tujuh hari dalam plastik PP. Sedangkan dalam plastik LDPE, total kematian dicapai setelah 20 hari penyimpanan.

Kata kunci :beras, kemasan plastik, Sitophilus oryzae, penyimpanan

English Version Abstract

Rice is an important agricultural commodity serves as staple food for most of Indonesian people. During storage, rice can be damaged due to environmental factors as well as postharvest pest. Sitophilus oryzae is insect pest that attacks rice during storage causing quantity and quality losses. The objective of this research was to study the effects of type of packaging on the S.oryzae mortality and determine the appropriate packaging for rice during the storage. Three varieties of Central Kalimantan local rice (Siam Jurut, Siam Unus and Karang Dukuh) that infested by S.oryzae were packaged using three types of packaging, i.e “hermetic” laminat, polypropilen (PP) and low density polyetylen (LDPE) plastics. The result of showed that the type of packaging significantly effected the S.oryzae mortality. Total mortality of S.oryzae reached after three days, seven days, and 20 days in hermetic, PP, LDPE respectively.

Keywords :rice, plastics packaging, Sitphilus oryzae, storage
PENGARUH PUPUK MAJEMUK TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA / Effect of Compound Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Virginia Tobacco
Authors: Djajadi Djajadi , Hidayati Sulis Nur , Syaputra Roni
Published: January 2017

Tobacco Generally farmers in Lombok apply single fertilizer of ZA or Urea (as a source of N), and SP36 (as source of P), without combining with K and Mg fertilizers. The fertilizers are added more than twice with unappropriates doses. Application of compound fertilizer might increase growth, yield and quality of Virginia fc tobacco at Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, because the fertilizer consists of NPK macro nutrients which have important role for tobacco. The experiment was carried out at Kopang Rembiga village, Kopang District in 2014. The objective to was identify the effect of NPKMg compound fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of Virginia tobacco. Split Plot Design with three replicates was used to arrange treatments. Three varieties of Virginia tobacco (Coker 176, Coker 319 and NC 297) were set as main plots, and three rates of NPKMg fertilizer (60, 80 and 100 kg N/ha) were arranged as sub plots. Results showed that increasing of NPKMg fertilizer up to 100 kg N/ha increased growth, yield and quality of three varieties of Virginia tobacco. Addition of 100 kg N/ha NPKMg (100 kg N+ 60 kg P2O5 + 133 kg K2O + 13.34 kg MgO per hectare) gave the highest values of grade index and crop index of three varieties, thus the fertilizer could be recommended for Virginia tobacco in Lombok.
DAMPAK KRISIS MONETER TERHADAP SEKTOR RIIL
Authors: Yudanto Noor , Santoso M. Setyawan
Published: January 2017

Melemahnya nilai rupiah dalam skala yang cukup serius telah memberikan tekanan yang kurang menguntungkan bagi kegiatan usaha di sektor riil. Berbagai faktor seperti struktur produksi yang sangat tergantung pada bahan baku impor, pembiayaan non-rupiah, dan inefisiensi manajemen internal diduga menjadi penyebab rentannya sektor riil. Namun ternyata terdapat usaha sektor riil yang bertahan bahkan diuntungkan oleh krisis. Sehubungan dengan fenomena menarik tersebut maka penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengkaji seberapa jauh dampak dari krisis moneter terhadap kinerja sektor riil.Analisa dilakukan berdasarkan tinjauan makro sektoral maupun secara mikro melalui pengamatan empiris kinerja perusahaan yang tercatat di bursa saham. Untuk memperoleh gambaran deskriptif perubahan kinerja perusahaan digunakan analisa konsentrasi sementara uji cross section dimanfaatkan untuk menghitung dampak fluktuasi suku bunga terhadap keuntungan sebelum pajak perusahaan.Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa jenis usaha sektor riil yang memiliki resource base kuat, berorientasi ekspor, sumber pembiayaan non-rupiah yang rendah, serta mempunyai korelasi maupun elastisitas yang rendah terhadap perubahan suku bunga maupun nilai tukar terbukti mampu bertahan bahkan masih tumbuh positif selama krisis. Sehubungan dengan hal itu kebijakan yang disarankan dalam jangka pendek adalah menciptakan suku bunga dan nilai tukar yang stabil dan wajar sedangkan dalam jangka panjang mendorong restrukturisasi usaha sektor riil agar lebih efisien dan kompetitif baik di pasar domestik maupun pasar ekspor.