bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pursuit of Famine: Investigating Famine in Bioarchaeological Literature
Authors: Horocholyn Kalyna , Brickley Megan B.
Published: November 2017

Famine is a complex calamity that has affected communities across the world throughout human history. While many social sciences have recognized the sociopolitical dynamics of famine conditions, it is only recently that this theoretical approach has been utilized in bioarchaeological research. This article aims to provide an overview of how the term “famine” has been incorporated in light of recent developments in bioarchaeology. Articles published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology, the International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, and the Journal of Archaeological Science between 1996 and 2016 were examined to determine how the term “famine” was defined. Four major categories were created to cover the range of applications for “famine”: an ecological disaster; an event of mass starvation; sustained periods of nutritional stress; and population-wide food shortage. In collaboration with historical documentation, the application of new methods in bioarchaeological research on past famines can expand our understanding of how past communities dealt with complex social and ecological crises. Specific focus on when the term “famine” is applicable with the analysis of osteological evidence will aid in cross-disciplinary examination of historical famine events.Keywords: nutrition; demography; paleopathologyEl hambre es una calamidad compleja que ha afectado a las comunidades de todo el mundo a lo largo de la historia humana. Mientras que muchas de las ciencias sociales han reconocido la dinámica sociopolítica de las condiciones de hambruna, es sólo recientemente que este enfoque teórico ha sido utilizado en la investigación bioarquelógica. Este artículo pretende ofrecer una visión general de cómo el término "hambre" ha sido incorporada a la luz de los recientes acontecimientos en la bioarqueología. Artículos publicados en las revistas American Journal of Physical Anthropology, International Journal of Osteoarchaeology y Journal of Archeological Science entre los años 1996 y 2016 fueron examinados para determinar cómo el término "hambre" fue definido. Cuatro grandes categorías fueron creadas para cubrir la gama de aplicaciones para "hambre": un desastre ecológico; un evento de hambre masiva; períodos prolongados de estrés nutricional y escasez de alimentos en toda la población. En colaboración con la documentación histórica, la aplicación de nuevos métodos la investigación bioarqueológica las hambrunas pasadas se puede ampliar nuestra comprensión de cómo las comunidades pasadas se enfrentaron a complejas crisis sociales y ecológicas. Enfoque específico en cuando el término “hambre” es aplicable con el análisis de la evidencia osteológica ayudará al examen interdisciplinario de los sucesos históricos de hambre.
Emergent digital design strategies in architecture: tools and methodologies
Authors: Bravo Maite
Published: November 2017

The emergence of digital tools in architecture since the beginning of the XXI century is deeply transforming the protocols, the design methodologies, and the conceptualization of the discipline. Traditional architectural education has remained at the periphery of these developments, whereas certain “advanced” architectural schools are deploying tremendous efforts to embrace these tools. However, their embedment into pedagogical practice is not devoid of problems and inconsistencies.
This paper explores how several digital tools are being actively incorporated into the curriculum at the Institute for Advanced Architecture (Iaac) in Barcelona. It features relevant examples of urban design projects developed during three distinctive architectural design studios: two at the undergraduate level and one masters degree program.
Several digital tools currently available for architectural analysis, design, and representation are explored, with an objective to identify and propose their suitable implementation in current and future architectural design studios. It establishes how they might affect design methodologies, as well as identifying problems, challenges, and potentials.
The Rookies: aprendizaje experiencial con alumnos PFG en Arquitectura
Authors: Aroca-Vicente Edith , Carcelén-González Ricardo , López-Martínez José María
Published: November 2017

As a general rule when a Jury is held, the students have to face with the evaluation and critical sense of a jury composed of external professionals and professors, which haven’t followed up the work of the students during de academic year. What happen if Final Degree Project students in Architecture experiment for several hours the sensation of being active part of an examining board or jury of Architectural Projects? Would the way in which they will face up their future
professional projects be different? After this experience, would the students reconsider their attitude when they have to present their Final Degree Projects to an examining board? Would “The Rookies” experience be useful for them after
witnessing a jury from the other side? The main aim of “The Rookies” is to complement the academic training of the Final
Degree Project students, in order to consolidate their acquisition of both critical and evaluation sense with respect to the work of their classmates.

A menudo en las celebraciones de Jury, los alumnos se enfrentan a la evaluación y crítica –constructiva por definición- de profesionales y profesorado ajeno y alternativo al que les ha acompañado durante el desarrollo del curso académico.
¿Qué pasaría si, por unas horas, un alumno de PFG experimentase la sensación de ser parte activa de un tribunal o Jury de Proyectos Arquitectónicos? ¿Cambiarían en adelante la manera de afrontar el desarrollo de los proyectos que
les dará acceso al circuito profesional? ¿Se replantearían tras la experiencia su actitud cuando deban plantarse y defender sus proyectos ante un tribunal de PFG? ¿Sería útil para ellos presenciar un tribunal de PFG desde la perspectiva contraria?.
Se pretende pues con esta práctica de aprendizaje experiencial complementar la formación de los alumnos de PFG, para así consolidar su adquisición de actitud crítica y de evaluación frente al trabajo de sus compañeros.
El impulso de actividades innovadoras como apoyo a la docencia de asignaturas de base teórica: enfocado a la docencia de las asignaturas pertenecientes al Departamento de Composición Arquitectónica
Authors: Ramón-Constantí Amanda , Catalán-Tamarit Francisco
Published: November 2017

Subjects at the Architectural Composition Department are distributed among the five years of the Architecture studies. These subjects are basically based on the study of History and cultural references, which has been studied traditionally by memory. In order to improve the teaching at these subjects and make the concept assimilation easier for pupils, teachers have been testing different methods on their classes to encourage the participation of students as well as achieve better grades. All these methods include the use of new technologies and complementary activities at the classroom as writing blogs, going on tours to local buildings treated at the master classes and the participation on activities at cultural architecture festivals from both teachers and students, who may later add to the regular teaching some of the topics seen at these fests as well as creating relationships with national and international Schools to see different approaches at the Composition subjects.

Las asignaturas del Departamento de Composición Arquitectónica de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Valencia, están distribuidas a lo largo de los 5 cursos de Grado. Estas asignaturas están basadas en el estudio de la historia y las referencias culturales que enriquecen la formación del futuro graduado y cuya docencia ha sido tradicionalmente evaluada a través de pruebas de nivel enfocadas a que el alumno aprenda de memoria. Con motivo de enriquecer la docencia de las asignaturas pertenecientes a este Departamento, los profesores han impulsado diferentes metodologías que permitan al alumnado una mayor implicación con estas materias, además de una mejor asimilación de
conceptos y mejora de calificaciones. Estos métodos incluyen el uso de TIC y nuevas tecnologías, además de actividades complementarias en el aula que fomentan las competencias transversales del alumnado, todo ello con el objetivo de obtener una mejor docencia en las asignaturas del Departamento de Composición.
Caminar la ciudad: Barcelona como experiencia de innovación docente
Authors: Roca Blanch Estanislao , Aquilué Junyent Inés , Gomes Renata
Published: November 2017

The project Walking the City emerged out of teaching experience obtained in the academic programme Caminar Barcelona. Caminar Barcelona is an urbanism course which has been taught in the School of Architecture of Barcelona since 2004. Three teaching innovations constitute the methodological basis of this academic project: the first innovation is the implementation Barcelona guided tours, the second innovation is the graphical representation of the city by students and the third is the introduction of the information and communication technologies [ICT]. Applied methodology enables students to acquire knowledge in situ and to implement processes of collective reflection and graphical representation of the city, which are later shared on the Walking the city website. The possibility of taking the urban theory to streets gives students a better comprehension of the urban reality. In that sense, multidisciplinary exchange and visual documentation make the learning process more dynamic.

Caminar la ciudad nace de la experiencia docente que desde 2004 se ha ido acumulando dentro de la disciplina urbanística en el proyecto Caminar Barcelona, que a modo de asignatura, se imparte en la Escuela Técnica Superior de
Arquitectura de Barcelona. La base metodológica del proyecto docente consta de tres innovaciones: en primer lugar los recorridos en la ciudad de Barcelona; en segundo el registro gráfico de lo urbano; en tercer lugar la introducción de
tecnologías de la información y la comunicación [TIC]. Gracias a la nueva metodología aplicada, el alumno adquiere conocimientos in situ y además pone en práctica procesos colectivos de reflexión urbana y registro gráfico de la ciudad que son compartidos interactivamente. La posibilidad de externalizar el conocimiento urbanístico a la calle dota al alumno de una capacidad de asimilación mayor. Así es como el intercambio pluridisciplinar y el registro visual dinamizan el aprendizaje de lo urbano.
TIC+ABP: dos instrumentos para la innovación docente en Arquitectura
Authors: Ruiz-Jaramillo Jonathan , Alba-Dorado María Isabel , Cimadomo Guido , Jiménez- Morales Eduardo , Joyanes-Díaz María Dolores
Published: November 2017

This article presents the results obtained during its first year of application in the educational innovation project called “New frameworks of teaching: ICT applied to problem based learning in technical bachelors” (PIE 15-166) developed at the School of Architecture in the University of Malaga. This has been focused on the development of educational strategies based on exploiting the potential of ICT, taking as a framework the ABP. Its application on subjects from different areas of knowledge (architectural composition, urban planning, projects and architectural constructions) has allowed assessing the adaptability of this methodology depending on the content. Among the obtained results can be highlighted the improvement in cross curricular coordination between subjects from different fields of studies, providing different ways of synchronous and asynchronous communication between students and teachers to generate a greater interaction between all the involved subjects; increasing in addition the interest and an improvement of the results.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados durante el primer año de aplicación del proyecto de innovación educativa desarrollado en la ETS de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Málaga bajo el título de “Nuevos marcos de docencia: TICs
aplicadas al aprendizaje basado en problemas en la enseñanza de titulaciones técnicas” (PIE 15-166). Este se ha centrado en el desarrollo de estrategias docentes basadas en el aprovechamiento del potencial de las TIC, teniendo como
marco el ABP. Su aplicación sobre asignaturas enmarcadas en diferentes áreas de conocimiento (composición, urbanismo, proyectos y construcciones arquitectónicas) ha permitido valorar la adaptabilidad de esta metodología en
función de los contenidos. Entre los resultados obtenidos pueden destacarse la mejora en la coordinación transversal entre distintas áreas de conocimiento y asignaturas, proporcionando medios para la comunicación síncrona y asíncrona,
generando una mejora en el interés y por ende de los resultados de éxito.
Two new species of Colletteidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Tanaidomorpha) from Bransfield Strait, Antarctica
Authors: Segadilha Juliana L. , Dos Santos Kátia C. , Serejo Cristiana S.
Published: November 2017

Samples from deep benthic areas in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica, revealed the presence of two new species of Colletteidae: Filitanais elongatus sp. nov. and Macrinella lavradoae sp. nov. Filitanais elongatus sp. nov. resembles F. moskalevi in its habitus; it can, however, be distinguished by characters such as the pleonites and pleotelson with lateral margins parallel and the uropod exopod being longer than half of the first endopod article. Macrinella lavradoae sp. nov. differs from the other species of Macrinella in the shape of the uropod and the pleotelson, with the uropod exopod shorter than the first article of the endopod, the uropod about as long as the pleotelson and the pleotelson with a rounded tip. The number of species of Tanaidacea recorded from Antarctica increases to 162, while the colletteids are now represented by 16 species. Moreover, the diagnosis of the genus Filitanais is herein modified.
Rethinking Special Collections Moves as Opportunities, not Obstacles
Authors: Hoelscher Colleen , Cahalan Sarah Burke
Published: November 2017

In the summer of 2017, the Marian Library—a special library devoted to the Blessed Virgin Mary within the larger University of Dayton Libraries system—completed a move of its rare book and archival collections into a new space within the main library building. The space, previously leased to the Society of Mary provincial archives, was already outfitted with a Liebert system for temperature and humidity controls, as well as shelving and some furniture.
Science in the Archives: Pasts, Presents, Futures. Lorraine Daston, ed.
Authors: Stoykovich Eric C.
Published: November 2017

It is a bit unfortunate that, in current parlance, the word science now embraces less than it once did, while the word archive has come to encompass so much. As a result, those who encounter Science in the Archives: Pasts, Presents, Futures, a new volume edited by Lorraine Daston, may make unreasonable assumptions about its contents, when in fact the topics covered by the twelve historically framed essays are unexpectedly broad—from the history of the planets and earth’s stratigraphy, to the archiving of human DNA samples, to the use of “stop lists” in the thirteenth century and by Google. There is something here for all serious students of the rare book and manuscript field, not just science librarians or curators of data created by or for scientists.
Formação ativa e expressiva de professores: “bagunçando o coreto” para estimular a inclusão!
Authors: Lima-Rodrigues Luzia Mara Silva
Published: November 2017

O professor pode ter tecnologia à sua disposição, dispor as cadeiras em círculos ou conhecer várias ferramentas de intervenção, mas sem um profundo desenvolvimento pessoal ligado à Inclusão, as suas ações tenderão a estar distantes de uma Educação equitativa, de qualidade e para todos. Este artigo analisa o curso de formação contínua “Pedagogias Expressivas em Educação Inclusiva”, realizado em 10 edições, em Portugal, nos últimos 3 anos. O curso foi delineado com duas intenções: estimular os formandos a utilizar as Pedagogias Expressivas nas suas práticas educativas e utilizar as Pedagogias Expressivas para dar aos participantes uma formação pessoal, com impacto nas suas práticas educativas em favor da Inclusão. A análise dos relatórios apresentados pelos formandos dividiu-se em três categorias: as reflexões sobre o reconhecimento de si, as reflexões sobre o reconhecimento do e a interação com o outro, e as reflexões sobre a prática profissional. Desta análise resulta, sobretudo, que os formandos julgam ser fundamental “olhar para dentro de si” para integrar melhor o desenvolvimento pessoal com o profissional; em segundo lugar, assumem que a inversão de papeis com os diversos intervenientes do processo educativo permite um melhor conhecimento dos mesmos e leva a uma maior empatia, sendo esta fundamental para uma prática profissional mais inclusiva; e, por fim, os formandos identificam que o forte impacto da formação no seu desempenho profissional está no facto de o curso utilizar uma metodologia que aguça a reflexão sobre dimensão pessoal de cada um, tornando-a numa formação que, de certa forma, “incita a Inclusão”.
Atitudes sociais em relação à inclusão e concepção sobre atendimento educacional especializado na formação de especialistas em educação especial
Authors: Souza Maewa Martina Gomes da Silva e
Published: November 2017

O presente estudo tem como escopo analisar as atitudes sociais em relação à inclusão e as concepções sobre o Atendimento Educacional Especializado de alunos de um curso de Pós-Graduação Lato Sensu em Atendimento Educacional Especializado. Participaram deste estudo 33 estudantes, sendo 15 da área da deficiência auditiva e 18 da área da deficiência intelectual, todos regularmente matriculados no curso. A coleta de dados deu-se por intermédio de dois instrumentos: um questionário elaborado para esta pesquisa e a Escala Likert de Atitudes Sociais em relação à Inclusão (ELASI). A análise revela que os dados provenientes de diferentes instrumentos se complementam, evidenciando que os alunos com concepções satisfatórias de Atendimento Educacional Especializado apresentam escores da ELASI acima da mediana. Tais dados sugerem que alunos que possuem concepções adequadas possuem também atitudes sociais mais favoráveis à inclusão. Adicionalmente, evidenciou-se que as atitudes sociais dos alunos que optaram pela formação centrada na área da deficiência intelectual são mais favoráveis que as dos alunos que optaram pela área de deficiência auditiva. Conclui-se que a escolha da área de deficiência para a formação especializada pode ser influenciada pelas atitudes sociais em relação à inclusão.
Realidade da gestão da qualidade nos laticínios de micro e pequeno porte da região dos Campos Gerais – Paraná
Authors: Alvarenga Tiago Henrique de Paula , Bittencourt Juliana Vitória Messias , Rodriguez Carlos Manuel Taboada
Published: November 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a realidade da gestão da qualidade nos laticínios de micro e pequeno porte da região dos Campos Gerais no Paraná. Foram pesquisadas dez das treze empresas da população de laticínios da região. A metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento, na qual se empregou a aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado. O presente estudo conseguiu caracterizar a realidade da gestão da qualidade nos laticínios pesquisados através das “Eras” da Qualidade elaboradas por Garvin (2002). Foi detectado que tais laticínios estão direcionados para uma gestão voltada para a garantia da qualidade dos produtos, sendo detectada ausência de ações estratégicas que torne os laticínios robustos, principalmente em relação ao Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL).
Indicação geográfica para frutas: critérios de concessão e objetivos, uma análise comparativa de casos europeus e brasileiros
Authors: Ambrosini Larissa Bueno , Oliveira Carlos Alberto Oliveira de
Published: November 2017

As Indicações Geográficas (IG) são instrumentos que visam proteger e valorizar um produto cujas características e reputação estão diretamente relacionadas a sua origem. Tradicionalmente utilizadas por bebidas alcoólicas e por derivados de leite, as IG têm sido demandadas para frutas e outros produtos in natura. O objetivo desse trabalho é fazer uma análise comparativa da concessão de IG de frutas entre Brasil e Europa. Para isso, utilizamos a documentação que embasa a certificação de quatro tipos de frutas, duas na Europa, e duas no Brasil. Verificamos que, no caso europeu, a relação entre produto e território de origem, ou o efeito terroir, se apresenta de forma mais completa. No Brasil parece prevalecer uma visão de que as condições naturais (solo e clima) são suficientes para justificar uma IG. Não foi possível estabelecer relação histórica ou cultural dos produtos brasileiros com seus territórios de origem, nem a valorização de práticas agronômicas que tenham sido desenvolvidas localmente. Concluímos ponderando a necessidade de trazer à discussão os processos de certificação de origem atualmente em curso no Brasil e o aprofundamento da discussão conceitual em torno dos mesmos.
Effect of Organic Manure and Mineral Fertilizers on Wheat Growth and Soil Properties
Authors: Naila Khatoon Phullan  , Mehrunisa Memon  , Javaid Ahmed Shah  , Muhammad Yousuf Memon  , Tanveer Ali Sial  , Naheed Akhtar Talpur  , Ghulam Mujtaba Khushk
Published: November 2017

Sustainable crop management relies on the combined use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with manures (control, farmyard manure, sesbania and cluster bean) as main split and mineral fertilizer rates (control, 40-30, 60-45, 80-60, 90-70 and 120-90 kg N-P2O5 ha-1) as sub-split. The manures significantly influenced shoot dry weight, N, P and K uptake and soil properties. Conversely, the rates of mineral fertilizers did not have any effect on soil properties, however, significantly enhanced the shoot dry weight and N, P and K uptake. The combined use of manures and mineral fertilizers had a significant effect on shoot P uptake. Farmyard manure was the best manure amendment with 13% reduction in bulk density and 51% increase in organic matter content over control. Incorporation of farmyard manure increased the shoot dry weight and N, P and K uptake, respectively by 8, 14, 11 and 8% over control. Among rates of mineral fertilizers, recommended rate of mineral fertilizer (120-90 kg N-P2O5 ha-1) was the best treatment with corresponding increase of 26, 81, 56 and 55% in shoot dry weight, N, P and K uptake over control. Integration of farmyard manure with recommended rate of mineral fertilizer enhanced shoot P uptake by 17% as compared to solo application of mineral fertilizers. Through this study, it was concluded that farmyard manure at 6 tons ha-1 coupled with mineral fertilizer rate of 120-90 kg N-P2O5 ha-1 was the best source for sustainable soil health and wheat production. .
Raconter la performance : l’entretien comme cadre pour la reprise et la transmission des performances. Entretiens avec Esther Ferrer et Nil Yalter
Authors: Barbut Clélia
Published: November 2017

À partir d’entretiens avec les artistes contemporaines Esther Ferrer et Nil Yalter, l’auteure interroge les vertus de l’entretien pour l’histoire de l’art et en particulier pour l’histoire des oeuvres performatives. Elle aborde les enjeux de l’oralité comme source et comme matière, et tente d’ouvrir des pistes de recherche historiographiques autour des affects et des incertitudes.
Le bord de l’oeuvre. À propos d’Une hypothèse de réinterprétation de Rita Quaglia
Authors: Le Boulba Pauline
Published: November 2017

En 2009, l’artiste Rita Quaglia présente Une hypothèse de réinterprétation, un solo imaginé après avoir vu une pièce qu’elle aurait aimé danser.  En se basant sur sa mémoire, ses oublis et sur les témoignages des interprètes d’origine, elle propose une réception performée de cette danse à travers une série de filtres descriptifs. Fabriquant alors une nouvelle partition chorégraphique, ce solo réfléchit à la relation entre réception et création, entre spectateur et interprète.
Toddler signaling regulates mesodermal cell migration downstream of Nodal signaling
Authors: Norris Megan L , Pauli Andrea , Gagnon James A , Lord Nathan D , Rogers Katherine W , Mosimann Christian , Zon Leonard I , Schier Alexander F
Published: November 2017

Toddler/Apela/Elabela is a conserved secreted peptide that regulates mesendoderm development during zebrafish gastrulation. Two non-exclusive models have been proposed to explain Toddler function. The ‘specification model’ postulates that Toddler signaling enhances Nodal signaling to properly specify endoderm, whereas the ‘migration model’ posits that Toddler signaling regulates mesendodermal cell migration downstream of Nodal signaling. Here, we test key predictions of both models. We find that in toddler mutants Nodal signaling is initially normal and increasing endoderm specification does not rescue mesendodermal cell migration. Mesodermal cell migration defects in toddler mutants result from a decrease in animal pole-directed migration and are independent of endoderm. Conversely, endodermal cell migration defects are dependent on a Cxcr4a-regulated tether of the endoderm to mesoderm. These results suggest that Toddler signaling regulates mesodermal cell migration downstream of Nodal signaling and indirectly affects endodermal cell migration via Cxcr4a-signaling.
Kinesin motility is driven by subdomain dynamics
Authors: Hwang Wonmuk , Lang Matthew J , Karplus Martin
Published: November 2017

The microtubule (MT)-associated motor protein kinesin utilizes its conserved ATPase head to achieve diverse motility characteristics. Despite considerable knowledge about how its ATPase activity and MT binding are coupled to the motility cycle, the atomic mechanism of the core events remain to be found. To obtain insights into the mechanism, we performed 38.5 microseconds of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of kinesin-MT complexes in different nucleotide states. Local subdomain dynamics were found to be essential for nucleotide processing. Catalytic water molecules are dynamically organized by the switch domains of the nucleotide binding pocket while ATP is torsionally strained. Hydrolysis products are 'pulled' by switch-I, and a new ATP is 'captured' by a concerted motion of the α0/L5/switch-I trio. The dynamic and wet kinesin-MT interface is tuned for rapid interactions while maintaining specificity. The proposed mechanism provides the flexibility necessary for walking in the crowded cellular environment.
Increased impact for Open Publishing
Authors: Mikki Susanne , Zygmuntowska Marta
Published: November 2017

Watch the VIDEO here. Presenter - Susanne Mikki.PurposeBased on the scholarly output in Norway, we aim to determine the total amount of articles freely available online, and prove whether there exists a citation advantage for these. We also investigate whether these articles receive more mentions on social platforms such as tweets or blogposts.DesignThe total scholarly publication output of Norway is indexed in CERES, the Current Information System in Norway. Based on these publication data, we searched a) Google Scholar and denoted a document as freely available, when a link to a full-text was provided, and b) altmetric.com to detect mentions of these articles. We analyzed the extracted data by publishing year, citations, availability, provider and mentions on different platforms.FindingsDependent on subject field, we find that almost 70 % of all articles are freely available. Articles behind paywalls belong to the most prestigious publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Routledge and Universitetsforlaget (the main Norwegian academic publisher). According to Google Scholar’s link resolver, ResearchGate and academia.edu are the most frequent providers. In addition, institutional repositories seem to play a major role in posting free article versions.We find a clear advantage for open publishing; on average, these documents received almost 30 % more mentions on social media platforms and twice as many citations, indicating that open access is the future in publishing.
Oyster culture in San Quintin Bay, B.C., Mexico: Genetic aspects
Authors: De la Rosa-Vélez J , Gutiérrez-Wing MT , Radilla-Camacho R
Published: November 2017

In order to assess the genetic resource of San Quintín Bay oyster culture, an electrophoretic analysis on seven genetic loci from 50 organism sample of Crassostrea gigas was performed. The values of genetic variability obtained were compared with those found previously by other authors in three Japanese populations. Besides, genetic similarities and distance were estimated between the San Quintín population and Japanese population, obtaining evidence on the probable origin of the San Quintin population in the Japanese population of Miyagi. Maintenance of genetic variability was evident in the Mexican population, however, heterozygosity deficiency was detected in four out of seven loci assayed. The most probable causes of this outcome are: natural selection against heterozygote genotypes in the new environment experienced by the species; inbreeding produced by means of the mating system employed and/or Wahlund effect provoked by the indiscriminate introduction of spat from different Ameritan Coast hatcheries.
Effects of waste waters on benthic macrofauna of sandy beaches in Todos Santos Bay
Authors: Jiménez-Pérez LC , Molina-Peralta F , Núñez-Fernández E
Published: November 2017

The seasonal study of the benthic macrofauna in Todos Santos Bay shows the effects of waste waters on the benthic communities of the intertidal zone. The analysis of the data separates the fauna into two main associations: one made up of the populations that inhabit the beaches of the harbour and another made up of the populations that inhabit the municipal beaches which are less affected by anthropogenic activity. The location of an abiotic zone near the “El Gallo” stream indicates the impact of waste waters. However, the detection of some organisms of Donax gouldi (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Scolelepis squamata (Annelida: Polychaeta) in the affected zone during winter and spring shows the beginning of a process of recuperation, indicating that the ecological damage can be eliminated if the discharge of waste waters is suspended.
Distribution, abundance and diversity of fish larvae in Santa Rosa coastal lagoon, Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Grijalva-Chon JM , Castro-Longoria R , Bustamante-Monge A
Published: November 2017

In order to determine the distribution, abundance and diversity of fish larvae in the coastal lagoon of Santa Rosa, Sonora, monthly surface samplings of plankton were carried out from November 1987 to October 1988. A cylindroconical net of 55 cm diameter and 505 µm mesh size was used. Forty-one types of larvae representing 20 families were collected, of which 15 were identified to species, 10 to genus and 15 to family. The highest abundance was recorded in March (3,930 organisms/100 m3) and the lowest in July (159 organisms/100 m3). The family Gobiidae constituted 60.7% of the total catch, Atherinidae 9.5%, Clinidae 5.6% and the rest of the families less than 5% each. The values of the diversity index were influenced by the family Gobiidae, which maintained its dominance despite the great tidal exchange, and the fact that no spatial abundance gradient was found could be attributed to this.
Culture of grunion Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres) larvae to metamorphosis, in the laboratory
Authors: Vásquez-Yeomans L , Sosa-Cordero E
Published: November 2017

A total of 800 larvae of the grunion Leuresthes tenuis, obtained by means of fertilization and artificial incubation, were cultured under laboratory conditions. The method used to incubate the eggs is described. The larvae were cultured to metamorphosis, 40 days after hatching, in rectangular tanks with 20 litres of seawater and stocking density of 10 larvae.l–1. The larvae were fed with recently hatched Artemia nauplii, at a concentration of 500 naupliil–1 the first 20 days and 1,000 nauplii.l–1 the next 20 days. The nanoflagellate Tetraselmis suecica was added to the culture medium. Growth, survival and condition factor (body height/standard length) were recorded throughout the culture period. Forty days after hatching, the average standard length of the larvae was 15.1 mm, larval growth was linear and represented by the equation L = 7.40 + 0.19 t (n = 14, r2 = 0.99, p < 0.0001). Final average survival was 76.6%. The larvae of the grunion L. tenuis are easy to culture in the laboratory and require relatively less food than larvae with similar characteristics. Therefore, they are a good alternative for experimental cultures.
Posterior Components Separation With Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR) Versus Alternative Techniques of Components Separation: Systematic Review
Authors: Sleiwah Aseel , McAllister Sandra
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study is to assess the clinical effectiveness of posterior abdominal wall components separation with transversus abdominis muscle release (PCS-TAR) in the management of ventral abdominal hernias. Ventral abdominal hernias complicate up to 11% of laparotomy wounds. Surgical management includes primary repair, hernioplasty, flaps, and components separation. A technique has been described to close large abdominal defects by releasing bilateral myofascial flaps of rectus abdominis from external oblique and advancing these flaps to the midline. Minimally invasive and endoscopic techniques were subsequently developed to reduce complications. A recently described method is PCS-TAR. The hypothesis is that PCS-TAR for abdominal wall reconstruction is associated with lower rates of wound complications and hernia recurrence than other components separation techniques. A comprehensive search of databases including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, looking for the primary outcomes of hernia recurrence and wound complications following different techniques of components separation. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. The quality of studies was examined independently by 2 assessors. A total of 363 studies were identified. Three retrospective comparative studies met the inclusion criteria. No randomized control trial comparing different techniques of abdominal wall components separation was identified. No technique could be identified as superior to others, due to a paucity of the literature. However, based on a few retrospective cohort studies, PCS-TAR emerges as a well-tolerated new technique, with a low incidence of wound complications and hernia recurrence.
Atividade antimicrobiana in vitro dos extratos aquosos, hidroalcoólicos e alcoólicos das folhas de espécies da família Myrtaceae frente à cepas de bactérias de interesse
Authors: Albuquerque Francisca Hérica Chaves , Soares Karina Da Silva , Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora Silva
Published: November 2017

Introdução: a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) tem incentivado o estudo de plantas tradicionalmente conhecidas como medicinais, tendo como objetivo avaliar cientificamente os benefícios da utilização de medicamentos fitoterápicos e de conhecer, ao mesmo tempo, a segurança de seu uso indevido. Objetivos: este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato aquoso, hidroalcoólico e alcoólico de folhas de espécies da família Myrtaceae frente às cepas de bactérias de interesse. Metodologia: a análise da atividade antibacteriana dos extratos das folhas das plantas, jambo, azeitona preta, pitanga e goiaba foram verificados a partir do teste de difusão em Ágar Mueller-Hinton. As cepas utilizadas, após reativação, foram diluídas em solução salina estéril a 0,85%. Sendo consideradas com potencial antimicrobiano aqueles extratos que geraram halos ≥ 7 mm (sete milímetros). Resultados: os resultados encontrados na análise dos dados do extrato aquoso demonstraram que Eugenia uniflora, Syzygium cumini e Psidium guajava apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana sobre Staphylococcus aureus, na concentração de 100 mg/mL. Na análise dos dados dos extratos hidroalcoólico, Syzygium cumini demonstrou atividade antimicrobiana na concentração de 100 mg/mL sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa, diante de Staphylococcus aureus, Eugenia uniflora, Syzygium malaccense, Syzygium cumini e Psidium guajava demonstraram atividade na concentração de 100 mg/mL cada. Observando os resultados dos extratos alcoólicos, Psidium guajava e Syzygium cumini demonstraram atividade antimicrobiana diante das quatro cepas estudadas. Conclusão: o presente estudo demonstrou que os extratos alcoólicos das espécies em estudo apresentaram melhor atividade antimicrobiana e maior espectro de ação quando comparado ao extrato aquoso e hidroalcoólico.
Osteonecrose múltipla secundária a anemia falciforme
Authors: Carvalho Jozélio Freire , Araujo Roberto Paulo Correia de
Published: November 2017

Não há resumo, pois trata-se de Carta Ao Editor
Concentration and Viability of Airborne Bacteria Over the Kuroshio Extension Region in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean: Data From Three Cruises
Authors: Hu Wei , Murata Kotaro , Fukuyama Shinichiro , Kawai Yoshimi , Oka Eitarou , Uematsu Mitsuo , Zhang Daizhou
Published: November 2017

Airborne bacteria have been shown to act as condensation and ice nuclei in mixed‐phase clouds and are consequently hypothesized to have significant effects on atmospheric processes and even the global climate. However, few data are available regarding their concentration and variation in the air over the open ocean. Aerosol samples were collected during three cruises in the early summers of 2013, 2014, and 2016 over the Kuroshio Extension region of the northwest Pacific Ocean. The concentrations of viable and nonviable bacterial cells in the marine surface air were quantified using epifluorescence enumeration with the LIVE/DEAD BacLight stain. The concentrations of total bacteria varied between 1.0 × 104 and 2.5 × 105 cells m−3 and averaged 5.2 × 104, 1.0 × 105, and 7.5 × 104 cells m−3 in the three respective cruises. The viabilities, i.e., the ratios of the concentration of viable bacterial cells to that of total bacterial cells, ranged from 80% to 100% (average 93%), and the respective means were 93%, 89%, and 96% in the cruises. The total bacterial concentration had a close correlation with the wind speed near the sea surface, and the bacterial viability correlated negatively with the air temperature, sea surface temperature, and concentration of coarse particles (size > 1 μm). The deposition and sea spray fluxes of bacteria were roughly estimated as hundreds of cells m−2 s−1 on average. The limited data on bacterial concentration and viability from the three cruises indicate the rapid air‐sea exchange of bacteria over the Kuroshio Extension region of the northwest Pacific Ocean.
The Predictability of Idealized Tropical Cyclones in Environments With Time‐Varying Vertical Wind Shear
Authors: Finocchio Peter M. , Majumdar Sharanya J.
Published: November 2017

This study describes ensembles of idealized tropical cyclone (TC) simulations conducted within a new modeling framework that allows for time‐varying environments. These simulations are used to examine the predictability implications of exposing a TC to environmental wind profiles with different structures and magnitudes of vertical wind shear. In moderate shear magnitudes, the TCs exposed to more deeply distributed shear are weaker and exhibit a more uncertain intensity evolution than TCs exposed to shallow‐upper level shear. The weaker mean intensity and higher uncertainty are found to be associated with a bifurcation in the vortex tilt response. Structural predictability time scales, computed as the time it takes for errors in the amplitude and phase of azimuthal asymmetries of radar reflectivity to saturate, are generally between 2 and 3 days for low‐wave‐number asymmetries. These asymmetries are slightly more predictable in deeply distributed shear and in the rainband region due to the larger vortex tilt magnitudes of many ensemble members providing more robust forcing for a quasi‐stationary rainband feature. Once the magnitude of vertical wind shear increases to universally destructive levels at the end of the simulations, intensity errors begin to decrease and low‐wave‐number structural errors desaturate as the quasi‐stationary rainband becomes a consistent feature in members of both ensembles. The most significant error desaturation occurs in TCs previously exposed to shallow‐upper level shear. These results suggest that the intensity and precipitation structure are more difficult to forecast when a TC is exposed to moderate and deeply distributed vertical wind shear.
Preserving a Unique Archive for Long‐Term Solar Variability Studies
Authors: Webb David F. , Gibson Sarah E. , Hewins Ian M. , McFadden Robert H. , Emery Barbara A. , Denig William , McIntosh Patrick S.
Published: November 2017

The McIntosh Archive consists of hand‐drawn solar Carrington maps created by Patrick McIntosh from 1964 to 2009, using Hα, He 10830 Å, and photospheric magnetic measurements to trace polarity inversion lines, filaments, sunspots, and plage and coronal holes, yielding a unique 45 year record of the evolution of the solar magnetic field. We discuss our efforts to preserve and digitize this archive.
Big Data, Collection of (Social Media, Harvesting)
Authors: Liang Hai , Zhu Jonathan J. H.
Published: November 2017

Social media provide gold mines of data for communication research. Different from traditional social science research methods such as survey, experiment, or content analysis, a new set of methods are required to collect Big Data from social media. In the current entry, we introduce the general procedure of how to collect social media data on content, usage, and structure via direct scraping and application programming interfaces (APIs). We also discuss sampling strategy and ethical issues involved in data collection from social media.
Matlab
Authors: Bradley Samuel D.
Published: November 2017

MATLAB is a powerful computational package based upon a proprietary computational language that offers tools for users of widely varying programming knowledge. From graphical user interfaces that can run an experiment to real‐time data collection, analysis, and figure output, this lone software package can guide a project from end‐to‐end. Although based upon a programming language, the Command Window allows users to attempt single commands to determine whether they are functional. Based in matrices, MATLAB can perform calculations on large datasets that would be time prohibitive in traditional row and column statistical packages.
Mapping Nanostructural Variations in Silk by Secondary Electron Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Wan Quan , Abrams Kerry J. , Masters Robert C. , Talari Abdullah C. S. , Rehman Ihtesham U. , Claeyssens Frederik , Holland Chris , Rodenburg Cornelia
Published: November 2017

Nanostructures underpin the excellent properties of silk. Although the bulk nanocomposition of silks is well studied, direct evidence of the spatial variation of nanocrystalline (ordered) and amorphous (disordered) structures remains elusive. Here, secondary electron hyperspectral imaging can be exploited for direct imaging of hierarchical structures in carbon‐based materials, which cannot be revealed by any other standard characterization methods. Through applying this technique to silks from domesticated (Bombyx mori) and wild (Antheraea mylitta) silkworms, a variety of previously unseen features are reported, highlighting the local interplay between ordered and disordered structures. This technique is able to differentiate composition on the nanoscale and enables in‐depth studies into the relationship between morphology and performance of these complex biopolymer systems.
Mesoporous Thin Films for Fluid Manipulation
Authors: Mercuri Magalí , Berli Claudio L. A. , Bellino Martín G.
Published: November 2017

The ability to control nanoflows is critical to design and fabricate ever more versatile nanosystems. Scientists are currently interested in finding ways to handle fluid dynamics inside nanoporous networks, not only to increase our knowledge of fluidic behavior but also to develop novel nanodevices that have potential utility in applications ranging from diagnostics to the production of high‐value chemicals. Here, we demonstrate how fluid motion can be manipulated by controlling the coexisting infiltration and evaporation phenomena in mesoporous films. A versatile actuation approach through liquid–vapor dynamic modulation was developed by integrating mesoporous substrates with a thermoelectric cell. This actuation resulted in fast and reversible fluid displacements through the mesoporous matrix, which was achieved with relatively small temperature variations by controlled voltage inputs. The versatility of the strategy is demonstrated by tunable cycling of fluid imbibition and switched nanofluidic connection of liquids into the substrate. This novel nanoflow manipulator could be the basis for smart nanofluidic devices toward exciting applications in actuators, controlled pattern formations and release systems.
A Shockley‐Type Polymer: Fullerene Solar Cell
Authors: Armin Ardalan , Chen Zhiming , Jin Yaocheng , Zhang Kai , Huang Fei , Shoaee Safa
Published: November 2017

Charge extraction rate in solar cells made of blends of electron donating/accepting organic semiconductors is typically slow due to their low charge carrier mobility. This sets a limit on the active layer thickness and has hindered the industrialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, charge transport and recombination properties of an efficient polymer (NT812):fullerene blend are investigated. This system delivers power conversion efficiency of >9% even when the junction thickness is as large as 800 nm. Experimental results indicate that this material system exhibits exceptionally low bimolecular recombination constant, 800 times smaller than the diffusion‐controlled electron and hole encounter rate. Comparing theoretical results based on a recently introduced modified Shockley model for fill factor, and experiments, clarifies that charge collection is nearly ideal in these solar cells even when the thickness is several hundreds of nanometer. This is the first realization of high‐efficiency Shockley‐type organic solar cells with junction thicknesses suitable for scaling up.
Mechanistic Insight into the Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of Furan Derivatives with the use of Parahydrogen
Authors: Salnikov Oleg G. , Kovtunova Larisa M. , Skovpin Ivan V. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Koptyug Igor V.
Published: November 2017

Parahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) was shown to be a useful and unique technique to study the mechanisms of catalytic reactions involving hydrogen. In this paper, PHIP was utilized for mechanistic investigation of the gas‐phase hydrogenation of furan, 2,3‐dihydrofuran, and 2,5‐dihydrofuran over titania‐supported Rh, Pd, and Pt catalysts. In the hydrogenation of all three substrates over the Rh/TiO2 catalyst, the PHIP technique revealed the possibility of pairwise addition of two H atoms from the same H2 molecule with the formation of tetrahydrofuran molecules while retaining spin correlation between the added protons. In the hydrogenation of 2,3‐dihydrofuran over the Rh/TiO2 catalyst, PHIP effects were detected not only for tetrahydrofuran but also for the reactant (2,3‐dihydrofuran) at positions 2 and 3 of the heterocyclic ring. Such unexpected results are direct evidence for the pairwise replacement of the hydrogen atoms in 2,3‐dihydorfuran. A probable mechanism for this pairwise replacement includes sequential steps of addition and elimination of hydrogen atoms. In contrast, if the hydrogenation of 2,5‐dihydrofuran was performed over Rh/TiO2, PHIP effects were detected for all protons of 2,3‐dihydrofuran, implying that 2,3‐dihydrofuran could be formed from 2,5‐dihydrofuran not only through isomerization of the C=C bond but also through dehydrogenation of 2,5‐dihydrofuran to furan with subsequent semihydrogenation.