bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3256 Effectiveness of Shared Decision-Making for Diabetes Prevention: 12-month Results from the Prediabetes Informed Decision and Education (PRIDE) Randomized Trial
Authors: Moin Tannaz , Kenrik Duru O. , Turk Norman , Chon Janet S. , Frosch Dominick L. , Martin Jacqueline , Jeffers Kia Skrine , Castellon-Lopez Yelba , Tseng Chi-Hong , Norris Keith , Mangione Carol M.
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Intensive lifestyle change (e.g., the Diabetes Prevention Program) and metformin reduce type 2 diabetes risk among patients with prediabetes. However, real-world uptake remains low. Shared decision-making (SDM) may increase awareness and help patients select and follow through with informed options for diabetes prevention that are aligned with their preferences.The objective was to test the effectiveness of a prediabetes SDM intervention. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This was a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 20 primary care clinics within a large regional health system. Participants were overweight/obese adults with prediabetes (BMI>24 kg/m2 and HbA1c 5.7-6.4%) were enrolled from 10 SDM intervention clinics. Propensity score matching was used to identify control patients from 10 usual care clinics.Intervention clinic patients were invited to participate in a face-to-face SDM visit with a pharmacist who used a decision aid (DA) to describe prediabetes and four possible options for diabetes prevention; DPP, DPP +/− metformin, metformin only, or usual care. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Uptake of DPP and/or metformin was higher among SDM participants (n=351) than controls receiving usual care (n = 1,028; 38% vs. 2%, p<.001). At 12-months follow-up, adjusted weight loss (lbs.) was greater among SDM participants than controls (−5.3 vs. −0.2, p < .001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: A prediabetes SDM intervention led by pharmacists increased patient engagement in evidence-based options for diabetes prevention and was associated with significantly greater uptake of DPP and/or metformin at 4-months and weight loss at 12-months. Prediabetes SDM may be a promising approach to enhance prevention efforts among patients at increased risk.
3068 Effects of exercise and a very low fat diet in metabolically abnormal obese adults
Authors: Schweitzer George , Kearney Monica , Smith Gordon , Klein Samuel
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: People with metabolically abnormal obesity (MAO), defined as those with insulin resistance and high intrahepatic triglyceride, are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Weight loss through reduced energy intake and increased physical activity has profound impacts on improving cardiometabolic function. However, the specific additional effects of exercise training with diet-induced weight loss on metabolic function are equivocal. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A comparative trial is ongoing in MAO adults undergoing 8-10% weight loss induced by a very-low fat plant-based (PB) diet with structured exercise training (n=8) compared to the same weight loss induced by the PB diet alone (n=3). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Preliminary results indicate that, PB diet with or without exercise training results in significant weight loss concomitant with enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced intrahepatic triglyceride, reduced 24-hour postprandial glucose response, reduced fat mass, and reduced diastolic blood pressure. Those undergoing PB diet with exercise training had greater improvements in muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness than those undergoing PB diet alone. Differences between intervention groups for other cardiometabolic measures are not yet known. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Each of the interventions resulted in improved cardiometabolic measures; however the extent of the differences between the interventions is not yet clear. It is hypothesized that compared with weight loss induced by a PB diet, the same weight loss induced by a PB diet and structured exercise training will i) cause greater improvement in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, ii) will attenuate the usual decline in muscle mass while increasing strength, and iii) result in greater increases in left ventricular diastolic function. The long-term objective of this proposal is to provide a foundation for future studies evaluating mechanisms for the effects of exercise in cardiometabolic disease prevention and therapy.
Is the conquest of Hepatitis C imminent?
Authors: Rivett Lucy , Alexander Graeme
Published: March 2019

Hepatitis C virus represents a global pathogen of human health significance. In the space of less than three decades, we have witnessed the discovery of the virus, a growing understanding of the structure and biology of the viral-encoded proteins and their interaction with the host cell and the sequencing of the viral genome. Most importantly, we have moved from early therapeutic strategies aimed at crude boosting of host anti-viral immunity, limited by side effects and with poor response rates, to therapies that directly exploit our understanding of viral biology. In this review, we discuss the significance of the virus, its’ discovery and outline the advances in the molecular characterisation of the virus, before setting these within the context of contemporary and emerging therapeutic strategies as well as viral resistance mechanisms.
The Path to Sweet Success: Free and Unfree Labor in the Building of Roads and Rails in Havana, Cuba, 1790–1835
Authors: Jennings Evelyn P.
Published: March 2019

Havana's status as a colonial port shaped both its infrastructure needs and the patterns of labor recruitment and coercion used to build it. The port city's initial economic and political orientation was maritime, with capital and labor invested largely in defense and shipbuilding. By the nineteenth century, Cuba had become a plantation colony based on African enslavement, exporting increasing quantities of sugar to Europe and North America. Because the island was relatively underpopulated, workers for infrastructure projects and plantations had to be imported through global circuits of coerced labor, such as the transatlantic slave trade, the transportation of prisoners, and, in the 1800s, indentured workers from Europe, Mexico, or Asia. Cuban elites and colonial officials in charge of transportation projects experimented with different mixes of workers, who labored on the roads and railways under various degrees of coercion, but always within the socio-economic and cultural framework of a society based on the enslavement of people considered racially distinct. Thus, the indenture of white workers became a crucial supplement to other forms of labor coercion in the building of rail lines in the 1830s, but Cuban elites determined that these workers’ whiteness was too great a risk to the racial hierarchy of the Cuban labor market and therefore sought more racially distinct contract workers after 1840.
Understanding Policy Scandals in Historical Context: A Longer-Term Lens for Policy Analysis
Authors: BROWN PATRICK , FLORES RUBÉN , ALASZEWSKI ANDY
Published: March 2019

The emergence of and reaction to policy scandals has been usefully studied through comparative case studies. Far less attention has been devoted, however, to the study of such scandals in long-term historical context. With the aim of illuminating longer-term social processes which shape the likelihood that (health)care scandals emerge, we delineate three areas where such changes are visible: a) changing formats of social relations and emotions within and around care provision, and thereby understandings of and demands for compassionate care; b) heightened organisational and political sensitivity to failings; and c) changes in media reporting on healthcare failings, as well as in policy-makers’ responsiveness to and manipulation of media. We consider the 2013 Mid Staffordshire scandal in the English National Health Service and the extant policy literature on this scandal to help illuminate the added analytical value of our long-term approach. In the final section we explore the interconnection of the three processes and how longer-term approaches open up new vistas for policy analysis.
Local and Statistical Maps of Lightning‐Generated Wave Power Density Estimated at the Van Allen Probes Footprints From the World‐Wide Lightning Location Network Database
Authors: Ripoll J.‐F. , Farges T. , Lay E. H. , Cunningham G. S.
Published: March 2019

We propose a new method that uses the World‐Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) to estimate both the local and the drift lightning power density at the Van Allen Probes footprints during 4.3 years (~2 × 108 strokes.). The ratio of the drift power density to the local power density defines a time‐resolved WWLLN‐based model of lightning‐generated wave (LGW) power density ratio, RWWLLN. RWWLLNis computed every ~34 s. This ratio multiplied by the time‐resolved LGW intensity measured by the Probes allows direct computation of pitch angle diffusion coefficients used in radiation belt codes. Statistical analysis shows the median power density ratio is
over the Americas. Elsewhere,
in general. Over oceans,
is larger than ~10.
varies with season,
~ 2.5 from winter to summer. The yearly‐median
decays as
. The strong geographical and temporal variation should be kept in assessing effects in space. RWWLLN > 1 suggests significant LGW effects in the inner belt.
Connecting the Southern Ocean with Clouds
Authors: Landwehr Sebastian , Schmale Julia , Walton David
Published: March 2019

ACE-DATA/Antarctic Sea-Atmosphere Interactions Data (ASAID) Workshop; 5–6 November 2018, Lausanne, Switzerland
Decadal Variations of the Mindanao Current During 1960–2010
Authors: Duan Jing , Li Yuanlong , Wang Fan , Chen Zhaohui
Published: March 2019

Results from an eddy‐resolving ocean model simulation, an ocean reanalysis data, and reduced‐gravity ocean (RGO) model simulations reach consensus in suggesting prominent decadal fluctuations of the Mindanao Current (MC) during 1960–2010. The MC was evidently enhanced during 1974–1982 and 2002–2008 and weakened during 1983–1990 and 1994–2001, with typical amplitude of ~2.0 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3/s) for decadal volume transport anomaly. These variations are closely associated with the strength of the westward flowing North Equatorial Current at 130°E and not evidently related with its bifurcation latitude. Experiments using a 1.5‐layer RGO model are performed to understand the mechanisms. Decadal variations of the MC are primarily caused by off‐equatorial wind changes in the tropical North Pacific, and winds in the latitude range of the MC (3–13°N) play the dominant role. Equatorial winds between 3°S and 3°N generally act to attenuate the MC variability, and subtropical winds have little contribution. For zonal distribution, local wind forcing between 120 and 160°E explains 67.8% of the MC decadal variability, while those in the central and eastern Pacific have weaker effects (25.0% and 7.2%, respectively). RGO model runs forced by nine wind data sets confirm the tight relationship between the MC and the western Pacific winds since the 1980s. The anomalous westerly winds under El Niño‐like condition drive upwelling in the Philippine Sea through off‐equatorial Ekman pumping that strengthens the MC. The relationship prior to 1980 is sensitive to the choice of wind data set, with four data sets yielding low or negative correlations.
Long-term seasonal and interannual variability of marine aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacteria
Authors: Auladell Adrià , Sánchez Pablo , Sánchez Olga , Gasol Josep M , Ferrera Isabel
Published: March 2019

We studied the long-term temporal dynamics of the aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria, a relevant functional group in the coastal marine microbial food web, using high-throughput sequencing of the pufM gene coupled with multivariate, time series and co-occurrence analyses at the Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory (NW Mediterranean). Additionally, using metagenomics, we tested whether the used primers captured accurately the seasonality of the most relevant AAP groups. Phylogroup K (Gammaproteobacteria) was the greatest contributor to community structure over all seasons, with phylogroups E and G (Alphaproteobacteria) being prevalent in spring. Diversity indices showed a clear seasonal trend, with maximum values in winter, which was inverse to that of AAP abundance. Multivariate analyses revealed sample clustering by season, with a relevant proportion of the variance explained by day length, temperature, salinity, phototrophic nanoflagellate abundance, chlorophyll a, and silicate concentration. Time series analysis showed robust rhythmic patterns of co-occurrence, but distinct seasonal behaviors within the same phylogroup, and even within different amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) conforming the same operational taxonomic unit (OTU). Altogether, our results picture the AAP assemblage as highly seasonal and recurrent but containing ecotypes showing distinctive temporal niche partitioning, rather than being a cohesive functional group.
Optimizing genome editing strategy by primer-extension-mediated sequencing
Authors: Yin Jianhang , Liu Mengzhu , Liu Yang , Wu Jinchun , Gan Tingting , Zhang Weiwei , Li Yinghui , Zhou Yaxuan , Hu Jiazhi
Published: March 2019

Efficient and precise genome editing is essential for clinical applications and generating animal models, which requires engineered nucleases with high editing ability while low off-target activity. Here we present a high-throughput sequencing method, primer-extension-mediated sequencing (PEM-seq), to comprehensively assess both editing ability and specificity of engineered nucleases. We showed CRISPR/Cas9-generated breaks could lead to chromosomal translocations and large deletions by PEM-seq. We also found that Cas9 nickase possessed lower off-target activity while with some loss of target cleavage ability. However, high-fidelity Cas9 variants, including both eCas9 and the new FeCas9, could significantly reduce the Cas9 off-target activity with no obvious editing retardation. Moreover, we found AcrIIA4 inhibitor could greatly reduce the activities of Cas9, but off-target loci were not so effectively suppressed as the on-target sites. Therefore, PEM-seq fully evaluating engineered nucleases could help choose better genome editing strategy at given loci than other methods detecting only off-target activity.
Perioperative Administration of an Intravenous Beta-Blocker Landiolol Hydrochloride in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Japanese Retrospective Exploratory Clinical Study
Authors: Sakamoto Atsuhiro , Yagi Kaori , Okamura Tatsuaki , Harada Tomohiro , Usuda Jitsuo
Published: March 2019

Beta-blockers have been reported to improve prognosis for various cancers, but the usefulness of perioperative administration remains unclear. To assess the efficacy of perioperative administration of landiolol hydrochloride, an intravenous beta-blocker, for lung cancer, we conducted a single-center, retrospective study. This study included patients who participated in a research conducted by Nippon Medical School Hospital from August 2012 to November 2013. The main selection criteria were males and females younger than 85 years old who have undergone anatomic lung resection for lung malignancies. Fifty-seven patients, 28 in the landiolol group and 29 in the control group, were included. The postoperative relapse-free survival rate at 2 years was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78–1.01) in the landiolol group and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.60–0.91) in the control group (Chi-squared test; P = 0.1828). The relapse-free survival rate tended to be higher in the landiolol group than in the control. Hazard ratio for relapse-free survival in the landiolol group compared to the control was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.13–1.34), demonstrating that relapse free survival was prolonged in the landiolol group (log-rank test; P = 0.1294). It was suggested that relapse-free survival was prolonged when landiolol hydrochloride was administered from the induction to completion of anesthesia. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Phenylacetylene as a gas phase sliding balance for solvating alcohols
Authors: Karir Ginny , Lüttschwager Nils O. B. , Suhm Martin A.
Published: March 2019

The preferred OH docking site in phenylacetylene can be controlled by chemical tuning between phenyl and acetylenic OH⋯π
Interplay between synthetic conditions and micromorphology in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):tosylate (PEDOT:Tos): an atomistic investigation
Authors: Cappai A. , Antidormi A. , Bosin A. , Galliani D. , Narducci D. , Melis C.
Published: March 2019

A systematic analysis was performed to elucidate the role played by proton scavengers in PEDOT chain length distribution and micromorphology.
Facile preparation of a Ca(ii) carboxymethyl cellulose complex with enhanced calcium bioavailability for treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: Hai Jun , Tan Xuan , Yang Sheng , Chen Fengjuan , Li Tianrong , Yang Xiangliang , Zhu Yanhong , Wang Baodui
Published: March 2019

A Ca(ii) carboxymethyl cellulose complex with enhanced calcium bioavailability for treatment of osteoporosis has been synthesized.
Supramolecular topology design of silver(i) and copper(ii) coordination polymers through a new semi-rigid sulfonyl ligand with different anion templates
Authors: Qin Zhaoxian , Zhao Li , Li Zhiwen , Tian Shanli , Xiao Qian , Deng Yuheng , Zhang Jiangwei , Li Gao , Wan Chongqing
Published: March 2019

A series of supramolecular assembly-based MOCPs were constructed by a semi-rigid sulfonyl ligand with different metallic species and anion template mediation.
A quadruple-band metal–nitride nanowire artificial photosynthesis system for high efficiency photocatalytic overall solar water splitting
Authors: Wang Yongjie , Wu Yuanpeng , Sun Kai , Mi Zetian
Published: March 2019

First demonstration of a quadruple-band InGaN nanowire photocatalyst for overall water splitting with an STH efficiency >5%.
Copper and palladium-catalyzed sequential reactions: one-pot synthesis of isoindolo[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7(5H)-ones
Authors: Saini Hitesh Kumar , Dhiman Shiv , Nandwana Nitesh Kumar , Krishnan Rangan , Kumar Anil
Published: March 2019

A highly efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of diversely substituted isoindolo[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7(5H)-ones through sequential Cu(ii)-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling, intramolecular hydroamidation followed by palladium-catalyzed ligand free Heck reaction.
Copper–nitroxide based breathing crystals: a unified mechanism of gradual magnetostructural transition supported by quantum chemistry calculations
Authors: Sánchez-de-Armas Rocío , Cruz Hernández Norge , Calzado Carmen J.
Published: March 2019

A unified mechanism, based on the thermal average of two limit phases, governs the gradual magnetic transitions of Cu(hfac)2LR complexes.
Using light to control the inhibition of Karstedt's catalyst
Authors: Kaur Brahmjot , Raza Rameez , Stashick Mitchell J. , Branda Neil R.
Published: March 2019

Light is used to control a ligand that acts as an inhibitor for a metal-based catalyst.
Stability under events for a class of hybrid dynamical systems with continuous and discrete time variables
Authors: Liu Bin , Hill David J.
Published: March 2019

This studies the stability under events for a class of hybrid dynamical systems (HDSs). The HDS is modelled via continuous and discrete time (CDT) variables. It is allowed that an HDS has time‐varying, unstable, non‐linear, different dwell time, and infinite number of subsystems. The stability under events reflects the effects of switching and impulse type events in HDS. By defining the length of CDT variable and extending the notion of hybrid‐event‐time in the literature, the concepts on global uniform asymptotic stability (GUAS) and event‐GUAS are reasonably defined. By employing multiple Lyapunov‐like functions, criteria on GUAS and event‐GUAS are established. Moreover, by extending average dwell time (ADT) to hybrid ADT, the relations between GUAS and event‐GUAS are derived. And the criteria on global uniform exponential stability under events (event‐GUES) are obtained. A method via maximal admissible probabilities of unstable subsystems is proposed to test the conditions of event‐GUES. As two special cases, the traditional stability criteria of only continuous or discrete variables are also derived. Finally, three examples are provided to verify the main results.
Main‐lobe clutter suppression algorithm based on rotating beam method and optimal sample selection for small‐aperture HFSWR
Authors: Yao Di , Deng Weibo , Zhang Xin , Yang Qiang , Zhang Jiazhi , Li Jiaming
Published: March 2019

When the azimuths of clutter and targets are in the same beam bin, the clutter is called main‐lobe clutter of the corresponding targets. In small‐aperture high‐frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) systems, the angle spectrum of main‐lobe clutter suffers from severe broadening under the influence of the smaller array aperture, which can affect the detection performance of moving vessels. This situation occurs because the target vessels are more easily submerged in this broadened angle spectrum and can hardly be detected. In this study, a novel two‐dimensional cascaded algorithm for main‐lobe clutter that is based on combining an adaptive selection strategy for the optimal training samples and the rotating spatial beam method is proposed to suppress the clutter in both the angle domain and range domain. First, the correlation between training samples is analysed with the angle‐Doppler joint eigenvector method. Then, the samples that are similar to the cell under test serve as training samples. Finally, the secondary beams that have Euclidean distances closest to the main beam are chosen. The experimental results of simulation and measured data confirm that the proposed approach provides far superior suppression performance and has strong robustness against array amplitude‐phase errors and beam deviation.
The MUSE-Wide Survey: survey description and first data release
Authors: Urrutia T. , Wisotzki L. , Kerutt J. , Schmidt K. B. , Herenz E. C. , Klar J. , Saust R. , Werhahn M. , Diener C. , Caruana J. , Krajnović D. , Bacon R. , Boogaard L. , Brinchmann J. , Enke H. , Maseda M. , Nanayakkara T. , Richard J. , Steinmetz M. , Weilbacher P. M.
Published: March 2019

We present the MUSE-Wide survey, a blind, 3D spectroscopic survey in the CANDELS/GOODS-S and CANDELS/COSMOS regions. The final survey will cover 100 × 1 arcmin2 MUSE fields. Each MUSE-Wide pointing has a depth of one hour and hence targets more extreme and more luminous objects over ten times the area of the MUSE-Deep fields. The legacy value of MUSE-Wide lies in providing “spectroscopy of everything” without photometric pre-selection. We describe the data reduction, post-processing and PSF characterization of the first 44 CANDELS/GOODS-S MUSE-Wide pointings released with this publication. Using a 3D matched filtering approach we detect 1602 emission line sources, including 479 Lyman-α (Lyα) emitting galaxies with redshifts 2.9 ≲ z ≲ 6.3. We cross-matched the emission line sources to existing photometric catalogs, finding almost complete agreement in redshifts (photometric and spectroscopic) and stellar masses for our low redshift (z <  1.5) emitters. At high redshift, we only find ∼55% matches to photometric catalogs. We encounter a higher outlier rate and a systematic offset of Δz ≃ 0.2 when comparing our MUSE redshifts with photometric redshifts from the literature. Cross-matching the emission line sources with X-ray catalogs from the Chandra Deep Field South, we find 127 matches, mostly in agreement with the literature redshifts, including ten objects with no prior spectroscopic identification. Stacking X-ray images centered on our Lyα emitters yields no signal; the Lyα population is not dominated by even low luminosity AGN. Other cross-matches of our emission-line catalog to radio and submillimeter data, yielded far lower numbers of matches, most of which already were covered by the X-ray catalog. A total of 9205 photometrically selected objects from the CANDELS survey lie in the MUSE-Wide footprint, of which we provide optimally extracted 1D spectra. We are able to determine the spectroscopic redshift of 98% of 772 photometrically selected galaxies brighter than 24th F775W magnitude. All the data in the first data release - datacubes, catalogs, extracted spectra, maps - are available on the MUSE-Wide data release webpage.
Sport und Bewegung mit und nach Krebs – wer profitiert, was ist gesichert?
Authors: Steindorf Karen , Schmidt Martina , Zimmer Philipp
Published: March 2019

Die Diagnose „Krebs“ und die anschließende medizinische Therapie verleiten viele Patienten dazu ihre körperlichen Aktivitäten einzuschränken. Doch gerade Sport und bewegungstherapeutische Programme sind effektive supportive Maßnahmen im Kampf gegen den Krebs und manche Nebenwirkungen. Zudem haben die Betroffenen eine einzigartige Chance, selbst aktiv an ihrem Genesungsprozess mitzuarbeiten. Was zu berücksichtigen ist, zeigt dieser Beitrag.
Mit digitaler Technik punkten
Authors: Dahmen Ulla
Published: March 2019

2014 startete das Neusser Lukaskrankenhaus mit der digitalen „Visite 2.0“:
Datenabruf und Dateneingabe sind nun via iPad am Patientenbett
möglich. Doch 2016 schleusen Cyberkrimelle eine Malware in das Netzwerk der
Klinik ein. Alle IT-Systeme wurden daraufhin sofort heruntergefahren. Das bot
auch die Chance zum Neustart.
Preparation and Evaluation of pH Sensitive Novel Anticancer Drug Carrier Based on Magnetic Chitosan Quartets
Authors: Danafar Hossein , Asadi Farnaz , Sharafi Ali , Manjili Hamidreza Kheiri
Published: March 2019

Chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles are an appropriate drug delivery method which can improve the therapeutic properties of chemotherapy agents and also can be useful as MRI contrast agent for early cancer diagnosis. This research discovers the optimization of the possible therapeutic effects of Chitosan- citric acid- Fe3O4- CUR quartets. Chitosan as a natural polymer can use to encapsulate citric acid modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The successful preparation of CUR-loaded nano-carriers was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Moreover, the hemolysis test was used for the study of hemobiocompatibility. The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of CUR molecules were 11±0.09% and 49.5±0.41%, respectively. The anticancer effect of the void of CUR and CUR-loaded nano-carriers were compared by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on the treated MCF-7 cell lines. It can be concluded that the use of these nanoparticles are a better and more efficient approach for the controlled and slow release of CUR in the cancer treatment.
Minimal-invasive Krebstherapien
Authors: Kovács Attila
Published: March 2019

Minimal-invasive Eingriffe erweitern wesentlich das therapeutische Spektrum in der Onkologie und eröffnen neue Dimensionen, was die Überlebensraten, aber auch die Therapieverträglichkeit und Patientenfreundlichkeit betrifft. Viele interdisziplinäre Behandlungskonzepte haben sich unter dem Einfluss minimal-invasiver Verfahren entscheidend verändert, und dieser Prozess ist noch nicht abgeschlossen. Die rasante Entwicklung minimal-invasiver Therapien lässt kurz-, mittel- und langfristig auf neue Therapiekonzepte hoffen. Bildgesteuerte Hybrid-Technologien ergänzen zunehmend und ersetzen teilweise klassische Operationen. Im neu angebrochenen Zeitalter der Immuno-Onkologie ist die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und die Konzentration auf individualisierte und patientennahe Therapien essentiell. Man kann Patienten wie Therapeuten nur ermutigen, mehr die radiologisch-interventionelle Expertise bezüglich minimal-invasiver Therapien zu nutzen.
Ectopia Cordis Associated with Pentalogy of Cantrell—A Case Report
Authors: Madi José Mauro , Festugatto José Roberto , Rizzon Matheus , Agostini Ana Paula , Araújo Breno Fauth de , Garcia Rosa Maria Rahmi
Published: March 2019

Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by changes in the mesodermal median structures and congenital heart disease, often with a poor prognosis. In 1958, Cantrell et al2 defined the full spectrum of the syndrome with the following anomalies: defects of the anterior diaphragm, of the lower part of the sternum, of the supraumbilical region and the abdominal wall, of the diaphragmatic pericardium, and various intracardiac congenital abnormalities. The present report describes a case of ectopia cordis associated with PC and the importance of the participation of a multidisciplinary team in the treatment of this condition.
Revision of a Press Fit Biological Fixation Stem Fracture in a Dog
Authors: Petazzoni Massimo , De Giacinto Elena , Marcellin-Little Denis , Kowaleski Michael
Published: March 2019

This report describes a clinical case of a press fit biological fixation femoral implant neck fracture (fatigue failure) and its revisions in a dog. A total hip arthroplasty revision was performed. The stem was replaced with a bigger one through a V-shape osteotomy of the proximal–lateral aspect of the femur. Stabilization was accomplished using a locking plate and two over-the-plate cerclage wires. Subsidence of the femoral stem occurred following revision and was revised with a second revision in which a collared stem was used. Two revision surgeries were necessary to have a stable functional prosthesis with successful bone integration at 7 months postoperative revaluation. Major errors encountered in this case were placement of an undersized stem and an inadequate femoral canal stability/press-fit. Fracture of a BFX femoral stem neck has not been previously reported.
New AlN film growth method enhances emission of deep ultraviolet LEDs
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: March 2019

The combination of a nano-patterned sapphire substrate and a graphene buffer allow researchers to grow higher quality AlN films for higher quality AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes.
Nursery Management
Authors: Mason John
Published: March 2019

Nursery Management second edition is an introduction to setting up and running profitable and efficient nursery businesses covering production, wholesale and retail nurseries at various scales of operation.
The book discusses all the practical aspects of nursery management from site selection, production systems, and plant propagation through to materials and equipment. Conventional as well as non-chemical biological control measures for pests, weeds and disease control are included.
Management issues for production nurseries, wholesalers and retail nurseries are treated separately for each operation and cover products and services, budgeting, production management, work scheduling and staffing.
The chapter on marketing looks at the major changes that have taken place in the nursery industry, particularly the roles that landscapers, garden centres and hardware stores now play in retailing. It covers market research, promotions, distribution and consumer laws and shows the operator how to define the scope of their operation to fit their resources and how to sell their product for maximum return.
This accessible guide is essential reading for anyone considering entering the nursery industry, and for those already in the business.
Soil Essentials
Authors: Hall Roger
Published: March 2019

Soil Essentials is a practical reference for farmers and land managers covering soil issues commonly encountered at the farm level. Written in a straightforward style, it explains the principles of soil management and the interpretation of soil tests, and how to use this information to address long-term soil and enterprise viability.
This book demonstrates how minerals, trace elements, organic matter, soil organisms and fertilisers affect soil, plant and animal health. It shows how to recognise soil decline, and how to repair soils affected by nutrient imbalances, depleted soil microbiology, soil erosion, compaction, structural decline, soil sodicity and salinity. The major problem-soils – sodic soils, light sandy soils, heavy clay soils and acid sulphate soils – are all examined.
With this information, farmers and land managers will be able to consider the costs and financial benefits of good soil management.
Australian Yabby Farmer
Authors: Mosig John
Published: March 2019

This edition includes a chapter on water quality plus the latest findings in yabby farming. It provides a grounding in the basic principles of aquaculture and reflects the considerable advances in aquaculture technology over the last few years.
Here is the basic information on the yabby, its habitat, its health and nutrition requirements. The book covers pond management, production systems, equipment, harvesting, post-harvest handling, and marketing of the end product. It includes sections on the farming of those other freshwater crayfish, the redclaw and the marron, and contains a number of useful appendices.
Author John Mosig shares his experience of nearly 20 years, giving budding yabby farmers an insight into how they can run a yabby venture while developing their own aquaculture skills and gaining experience in fish husbandry. Practising crayfish farmers might find out how they too can do some things better.
Native Grasses
Authors: Mitchell Meredith
Published: March 2019

Native Grasses: Identification Handbook for Temperate Australia is an easy-to-use tool for identifying some of the most common native grasses in temperate Australia. The text describes 17 species in detail, covering general features as well as specific distinguishing features. Full-colour photographs of the whole plant, as well as close-ups of significant parts of the plants such as the seedhead, leaf blade, seed and ligule, accompany each species description.
The handbook provides advice on grassland management as well as highlighting the benefits of native grasses to the environment, agriculture, landscaping and upland hydrology.
Please note that this book is spiral-bound.
Comparative characterization of putative chitin deacetylases from Tetranychus cinnabarinus
Authors: Xiangshun An , Qiang Zhong , Shuyang Deng , Xiao Hu , Bu Chunya
Published: March 2019

Considering the challenges of controlling carmine spider mite and protecting pollinators, chitin deacetylase genes (TecCDA1 and TecCDA2) of spider mite were characterized as group I, and were expressed in stage-specific pattern, which imply their role during development. The differences in sequences and structures between T. cinnabarinus and honeybee CDAs offer possibilities to design new selective pesticides protecting pollinator honeybees.
Near Eastern and Old Iranian myths
Authors: Rose Jenny
Published: March 2019

This entry concerns mythological narratives that developed in ancient times in lands extending from the eastern Mediterranean seaboard as far as Central Asia. Whereas the term Near Eastern applies to a range of different cultures—including Mesopotamian, Elamite, Hittite, Canaanite, Hebrew, Urartian, Phoenician, and Egyptian—the expression Old Iranian is used only of ancient Iranian culture as evidenced primarily in the texts of the Avesta, and in certain Old Persian inscriptions and iconography. From the early 1st millennium onwards, as ancient Iranians moved across the plateau into Mesopotamia and beyond, so Iranian culture, including its mythology, interacted with that of the Near East. The ensuing worldviews continue to impact the religions that evolved within the region, specifically, the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim traditions.

Mesopotamian myths comprise the earliest literature committed to writing. Alongside the discovery of archaeological sites in which some of the myths are set and of material objects relating to those myths, these texts provide insight into the general ethos, ritual activity, and social structure of the pertinent cultures of Mesopotamia—notably, Sumerian, Babylonian, and Assyrian. The contemporary ancient Egyptians present a similar richness of material and literary culture. In contrast, the Old Iranian myths of the Avesta endured within an oral context until about the 6th century ce, with only cursory allusion to a cosmogony in Old Persian inscriptions, Achaemenid reliefs, and stamp seals. It is the Middle Persian Zoroastrian texts of the late Sasanian/early Islamic period in Iran that provide a systematized cosmology and attendant mythology, and the New Persian national epic, the Šāhnāme, that develops many of the characters and events of Old Iranian text within its dramatic re-telling of Iranian history.
Molecular and Cytogenetic Education in Hematopathology Fellowship
Authors: Soma Lorinda A , Kovach Alexandra E , Siddon Alexa J , Beck Rose , Gibson Sarah E , Swerdlow Steven H , Kim Annette S , Wu David , Jones Dan , Cook James R , Prakash Sonam , Rosado Flavia , Crane Genevieve , Bradley Kyle , Weinberg Olga K , Sargent Rachel L
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Given the increased complexity of molecular and cytogenetic testing (MOL-CG), the Society for Hematopathology Education Committee (SH-EC) was interested in determining what the current expectations are for MOL-CG education in hematopathology (HP) fellowship training.

Methods

The SH-EC sent a questionnaire to HP fellowship program directors (HP-PDs) covering MOL-CG training curricula, test menus, faculty background, teaching, and sign-out roles. These findings were explored via a panel-based discussion at the 2018 SH-EC meeting for HP-PDs.

Results

HP fellows are expected to understand basic principles, nomenclature, and indications for and limitations of testing. Interpretation of common assays is within that scope, but not necessarily proficiency in technical troubleshooting of testing or analysis of complex raw data.

Conclusions

The consensus was that HP fellows should understand the components of MOL-CG testing necessary to incorporate those results into an accurate, clinically relevant, and integrated HP report.
Cancer Survivorship and Subclinical Myocardial Damage
Authors: Florido Roberta , Lee Alexandra K , McEvoy John W , Hoogeveen Ron C , Koton Silvia , Vitolins Mara Z , Shenoy Chetan , Russell Stuart D , Blumenthal Roger S , Ndumele Chiadi E , Ballantyne Christie M , Joshu Corinne E , Platz Elizabeth A , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: March 2019

Cancer survivors might have an excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) resulting from toxicities of cancer therapies and a high burden of CVD risk factors. We sought to evaluate the association of cancer survivorship with subclinical myocardial damage, as assessed by elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) test results. We included 3,512 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who attended visit 5 (2011–2013) and were free of CVD (coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke). We used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the cross-sectional associations of survivorship from any, non-sex-related, and sex-related cancers (e.g., breast, prostate) with elevated hs-cTnT (≥14 ng/L). Of 3,512 participants (mean age, 76 years; 62% women; 21% black), 19% were cancer survivors. Cancer survivors had significantly higher odds of elevated hs-cTnT (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.53). Results were similar for survivors of non-sex-related and colorectal cancers, but there was no association between survivorship from breast and prostate cancers and elevated hs-cTnT. Results were similar after additional adjustments for CVD risk factors. Survivors of some cancers might be more likely to have elevated hs-cTnT than persons without prior cancer. The excess burden of subclinical myocardial damage in this population might not be fully explained by traditional CVD risk factors.
Neural networks with circular filters enable data efficient inference of sequence motifs
Authors: Blum Christopher F , Kollmann Markus
Published: March 2019

Motivation

Nucleic acids and proteins often have localized sequence motifs that enable highly specific interactions. Due to the biological relevance of sequence motifs, numerous inference methods have been developed. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved state of the art performance. These methods were able to learn transcription factor binding sites from ChIP-seq data, resulting in accurate predictions on test data. However, CNNs typically distribute learned motifs across multiple filters, making them difficult to interpret. Furthermore, networks trained on small datasets often do not generalize well to new sequences.

Results

Here we present circular filters, a novel convolutional architecture, that convolves sequences with circularly permutated variants of the same filter. We motivate circular filters by the observation that CNNs frequently learn filters that correspond to shifted and truncated variants of the true motif. Circular filters enable learning of full-length motifs and allow easy interpretation of the learned filters. We show that circular filters improve motif inference performance over a wide range of hyperparameters as well as sequence length. Furthermore, we show that CNNs with circular filters in most cases outperform conventional CNNs at inferring DNA binding sites from ChIP-seq data.

Availability and implementation

Code is available at https://github.com/christopherblum.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exploring the cross-phenotype network region of disease modules reveals concordant and discordant pathways between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Halu Arda , Liu Shikang , Baek Seung Han , Hobbs Brian D , Hunninghake Gary M , Cho Michael H , Silverman Edwin K , Sharma Amitabh
Published: March 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are two pathologically distinct chronic lung diseases that are associated with cigarette smoking. Genetic studies have identified shared loci for COPD and IPF, including several loci with opposite directions of effect. The existence of additional shared genetic loci, as well as potential shared pathobiological mechanisms between the two diseases at the molecular level, remains to be explored. Taking a network-based approach, we built disease modules for COPD and IPF using genome-wide association studies-implicated genes. The two disease modules displayed strong disease signals in an independent gene expression data set of COPD and IPF lung tissue and showed statistically significant overlap and network proximity, sharing 19 genes, including ARHGAP12 and BCHE. To uncover pathways at the intersection of COPD and IPF, we developed a metric, NetPathScore, which prioritizes the pathways of a disease by their network overlap with another disease. Applying NetPathScore to the COPD and IPF disease modules enabled the determination of concordant and discordant pathways between these diseases. Concordant pathways between COPD and IPF included extracellular matrix remodeling, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and ALK pathways, whereas discordant pathways included advanced glycosylation end product receptor signaling and telomere maintenance and extension pathways. Overall, our findings reveal shared molecular interaction regions between COPD and IPF and shed light on the congruent and incongruent biological processes lying at the intersection of these two complex diseases.
Driving status, travel modes and accelerometer-assessed physical activity in younger, middle-aged and older adults: a prospective study of 90 810 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Hajna Samantha , White Tom , Panter Jenna , Brage Søren , Wijndaele Katrien , Woodcock James , Ogilvie David , Imamura Fumiaki , Griffin Simon J
Published: March 2019

Background

Associations between driving and physical-activity (PA) intensities are unclear, particularly among older adults. We estimated prospective associations of travel modes with total PA, sedentary time (ST), light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) among adults aged 39–70 years.

Methods

We studied 90 810 UK Biobank participants (56.1 ± 7.8 years). Driving status, specific travel modes (non-work travel; commuting to/from work) and covariates were assessed by questionnaire (2006–10). PA was assessed over 7 days by wrist-worn accelerometers (2013–15). We estimated associations using overall and age-stratified multivariable linear-regression models.

Results

Drivers accumulated 1.4% more total PA (95% confidence interval: 0.9, 1.9), 11.2 min/day less ST (–12.9, –9.5), 12.2 min/day more LPA (11.0, 13.3) and 0.9 min/day less MVPA (–1.6, –0.2) than non-drivers. Compared with car/motor-vehicle users, cyclists and walkers had the most optimal activity profiles followed by mixed-mode users (e.g. for non-work travel, cyclists: 10.7% more total PA, 9.0, 12.4; 20.5 min/day less ST, –26.0, –15.0; 14.5 min/day more MVPA, 12.0, 17.2; walkers: 4.2% more total PA, 3.5, 5.0; 7.5 min/day less ST –10.2, –4.9; 10.1 min/day more MVPA, 8.9, 11.3; mixed-mode users: 2.3% more total PA, 1.9, 2.7; 3.4 min/day less ST –4.8, –2.1; 4.9 min/day more MVPA, 4.3, 5.5). Some associations varied by age (p interaction < 0.05), but these differences appeared small.

Conclusions

Assessing specific travel modes rather than driving status alone may better capture variations in activity. Walking, cycling and, to a lesser degree, mixed-mode use are associated with more optimal activity profiles in adults of all ages.
Preterm birth and risk of sleep-disordered breathing from childhood into mid-adulthood
Authors: Crump Casey , Friberg Danielle , Li Xinjun , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: March 2019

Background

Preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) has previously been associated with cardiometabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders into adulthood, but has seldom been examined in relation to sleep disorders. We conducted the first population-based study of preterm birth in relation to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) from childhood into mid-adulthood.

Methods

A national cohort study was conducted of all 4 186 615 singleton live births in Sweden during 1973–2014, who were followed for SDB ascertained from nationwide inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2015 (maximum age 43 years). Cox regression was used to examine gestational age at birth in relation to SDB while adjusting for other perinatal and maternal factors, and co-sibling analyses assessed for potential confounding by unmeasured shared familial factors.

Results

There were 171 100 (4.1%) persons diagnosed with SDB in 86.0 million person-years of follow-up. Preterm birth was associated with increased risk of SDB from childhood into mid-adulthood, relative to full-term birth (39–41 weeks) [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), ages 0–43 years: 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.40, 1.46; P <0.001; ages 30–43 years: 1.40; 95% CI, 1.34, 1.47; P <0.001]. Persons born extremely preterm (<28 weeks) had more than 2-fold risks (aHR, ages 0–43 years: 2.63; 95% CI, 2.41, 2.87; P <0.001; ages 30–43 years: 2.22; 95% CI, 1.64, 3.01; P <0.001). These associations affected both males and females, but accounted for more SDB cases among males (additive interaction, P = 0.003). Co-sibling analyses suggested that these findings were only partly due to shared genetic or environmental factors in families.

Conclusions

Preterm-born children and adults need long-term follow-up for anticipatory screening and potential treatment of SDB.