bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo microscopy reveals macrophage polarization locally promotes coherent microtubule dynamics in migrating cancer cells
Authors: Luthria Gaurav , Li Ran , Wang Stephanie , Prytyskach Mark , Kohler Rainer H. , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Mitchison Timothy J. , Weissleder Ralph , Miller Miles A.
Published: July 2020

Microtubules (MTs) mediate mitosis, directional signaling, and are therapeutic targets in cancer. Yet in vivo analysis of cancer cell MT behavior within the tumor microenvironment remains challenging. Here we developed an imaging pipeline using plus-end tip tracking and intravital microscopy to quantify MT dynamics in live xenograft tumor models. Among analyzed features, cancer cells in vivo displayed higher coherent orientation of MT dynamics along their cell major axes compared with 2D in vitro cultures, and distinct from 3D collagen gel cultures. This in vivo MT phenotype was reproduced in vitro when cells were co-cultured with IL4-polarized MΦ. MΦ depletion, MT disruption, targeted kinase inhibition, and altered MΦ polarization via IL10R blockade all reduced MT coherence and/or tumor cell elongation. We show that MT coherence is a defining feature for in vivo tumor cell dynamics and migration, modulated by local signaling from pro-tumor macrophages.
Oculomotor inhibition precedes temporally expected auditory targets
Authors: Abeles Dekel , Amit Roy , Tal-Perry Noam , Carrasco Marisa , Yuval-Greenberg Shlomit
Published: July 2020

Eye movements are inhibited prior to the onset of temporally-predictable visual targets. This oculomotor inhibition effect could be considered a marker for the formation of temporal expectations and the allocation of temporal attention in the visual domain. Here we show that eye movements are also inhibited before predictable auditory targets. In two experiments, we manipulate the period between a cue and an auditory target to be either predictable or unpredictable. The findings show that although there is no perceptual gain from avoiding gaze-shifts in this procedure, saccades and blinks are inhibited prior to predictable relative to unpredictable auditory targets. These findings show that oculomotor inhibition occurs prior to auditory targets. This link between auditory expectation and oculomotor behavior reveals a multimodal perception action coupling, which has a central role in temporal expectations.
Endogenous retroviruses are a source of enhancers with oncogenic potential in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Deniz Özgen , Ahmed Mamataz , Todd Christopher D. , Rio-Machin Ana , Dawson Mark A. , Branco Miguel R.
Published: July 2020

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterised by a series of genetic and epigenetic alterations that result in deregulation of transcriptional networks. One understudied source of transcriptional regulators are transposable elements (TEs), whose aberrant usage could contribute to oncogenic transcriptional circuits. However, the regulatory influence of TEs and their links to AML pathogenesis remain unexplored. Here we identify six endogenous retrovirus (ERV) families with AML-associated enhancer chromatin signatures that are enriched in binding of key regulators of hematopoiesis and AML pathogenesis. Using both locus-specific genetic editing and simultaneous epigenetic silencing of multiple ERVs, we demonstrate that ERV deregulation directly alters the expression of adjacent genes in AML. Strikingly, deletion or epigenetic silencing of an ERV-derived enhancer suppresses cell growth by inducing apoptosis in leukemia cell lines. This work reveals that ERVs are a previously unappreciated source of AML enhancers that may be exploited by cancer cells to help drive tumour heterogeneity and evolution.
Operando time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the chemical nature enabling highly selective CO2 reduction
Authors: Lin Sheng-Chih , Chang Chun-Chih , Chiu Shih-Yun , Pai Hsiao-Tien , Liao Tzu-Yu , Hsu Chia-Shuo , Chiang Wei-Hung , Tsai Ming-Kang , Chen Hao Ming
Published: July 2020

Copper electrocatalysts have been shown to selectively reduce carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons. Nevertheless, the absence of a systematic study based on time-resolved spectroscopy renders the functional agent—either metallic or oxidative Copper—for the selectivity still undecidable. Herein, we develop an operando seconds-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy to uncover the chemical state evolution of working catalysts. An oxide-derived Copper electrocatalyst is employed as a model catalyst to offer scientific insights into the roles metal states serve in carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Using a potential switching approach, the model catalyst can achieve a steady chemical state of half-Cu(0)-and-half-Cu(I) and selectively produce asymmetric C2 products - C2H5OH. Furthermore, a theoretical analysis reveals that a surface composed of Cu-Cu(I) ensembles can have dual carbon monoxide molecules coupled asymmetrically, which potentially enhances the catalyst’s CO2RR product selectivity toward C2 products. Our results offer understandings of the fundamental chemical states and insights to the establishment of selective CO2RR.
Strigolactones inhibit auxin feedback on PIN-dependent auxin transport canalization
Authors: Zhang Jing , Mazur Ewa , Balla Jozef , Gallei Michelle , Kalousek Petr , Medveďová Zuzana , Li Yang , Wang Yaping , Prát Tomáš , Vasileva Mina , Reinöhl Vilém , Procházka Stanislav , Halouzka Rostislav , Tarkowski Petr , Luschnig Christian , Brewer Philip B. , Friml Jiří
Published: July 2020

Directional transport of the phytohormone auxin is a versatile, plant-specific mechanism regulating many aspects of plant development. The recently identified plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), are implicated in many plant traits; among others, they modify the phenotypic output of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transporters for fine-tuning of growth and developmental responses. Here, we show in pea and Arabidopsis that SLs target processes dependent on the canalization of auxin flow, which involves auxin feedback on PIN subcellular distribution. D14 receptor- and MAX2 F-box-mediated SL signaling inhibits the formation of auxin-conducting channels after wounding or from artificial auxin sources, during vasculature de novo formation and regeneration. At the cellular level, SLs interfere with auxin effects on PIN polar targeting, constitutive PIN trafficking as well as clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our results identify a non-transcriptional mechanism of SL action, uncoupling auxin feedback on PIN polarity and trafficking, thereby regulating vascular tissue formation and regeneration.
Handedness-dependent quasiparticle interference in the two enantiomers of the topological chiral semimetal PdGa
Authors: Sessi Paolo , Fan Feng-Ren , Küster Felix , Manna Kaustuv , Schröter Niels B. M. , Ji Jing-Rong , Stolz Samuel , Krieger Jonas A. , Pei Ding , Kim Timur K. , Dudin Pavel , Cacho Cephise , Widmer Roland , Borrmann Horst , Shi Wujun , Chang Kai , Sun Yan , Felser Claudia , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: July 2020

It has recently been proposed that combining chirality with topological band theory results in a totally new class of fermions. Understanding how these unconventional quasiparticles propagate and interact remains largely unexplored so far. Here, we use scanning tunneling microscopy to visualize the electronic properties of the prototypical chiral topological semimetal PdGa. We reveal chiral quantum interference patterns of opposite spiraling directions for the two PdGa enantiomers, a direct manifestation of the change of sign of their Chern number. Additionally, we demonstrate that PdGa remains topologically non-trivial over a large energy range, experimentally detecting Fermi arcs in an energy window of more than 1.6 eV that is symmetrically centered around the Fermi level. These results are a consequence of the deep connection between chirality in real and reciprocal space in this class of materials, and, thereby, establish PdGa as an ideal topological chiral semimetal.
Simple descriptor derived from symbolic regression accelerating the discovery of new perovskite catalysts
Authors: Weng Baicheng , Song Zhilong , Zhu Rilong , Yan Qingyu , Sun Qingde , Grice Corey G. , Yan Yanfa , Yin Wan-Jian
Published: July 2020

Symbolic regression (SR) is an approach of interpretable machine learning for building mathematical formulas that best fit certain datasets. In this work, SR is used to guide the design of new oxide perovskite catalysts with improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities. A simple descriptor, μ/t, where μ and t are the octahedral and tolerance factors, respectively, is identified, which accelerates the discovery of a series of new oxide perovskite catalysts with improved OER activity. We successfully synthesise five new oxide perovskites and characterise their OER activities. Remarkably, four of them, Cs0.4La0.6Mn0.25Co0.75O3, Cs0.3La0.7NiO3, SrNi0.75Co0.25O3, and Sr0.25Ba0.75NiO3, are among the oxide perovskite catalysts with the highest intrinsic activities. Our results demonstrate the potential of SR for accelerating the data-driven design and discovery of new materials with improved properties.
Machine learning accurate exchange and correlation functionals of the electronic density
Authors: Dick Sebastian , Fernandez-Serra Marivi
Published: July 2020

Density functional theory (DFT) is the standard formalism to study the electronic structure of matter at the atomic scale. In Kohn–Sham DFT simulations, the balance between accuracy and computational cost depends on the choice of exchange and correlation functional, which only exists in approximate form. Here, we propose a framework to create density functionals using supervised machine learning, termed NeuralXC. These machine-learned functionals are designed to lift the accuracy of baseline functionals towards that provided by more accurate methods while maintaining their efficiency. We show that the functionals learn a meaningful representation of the physical information contained in the training data, making them transferable across systems. A NeuralXC functional optimized for water outperforms other methods characterizing bond breaking and excels when comparing against experimental results. This work demonstrates that NeuralXC is a first step towards the design of a universal, highly accurate functional valid for both molecules and solids.
Zika virus vertical transmission in children with confirmed antenatal exposure
Authors: Brasil Patrícia , Vasconcelos Zilton , Kerin Tara , Gabaglia Claudia Raja , Ribeiro Ieda P. , Bonaldo Myrna C. , Damasceno Luana , Pone Marcos V. , Pone Sheila , Zin Andrea , Tsui Irena , Adachi Kristina , Pereira Jose Paulo , Gaw Stephanie L. , Carvalho Liege , Cunha Denise C. , Guida Leticia , Rocha Mirza , Cherry James D. , Wang Lulan , Aliyari Saba , Cheng Genhong , Foo Suan-Sin , Chen Weiqiang , Jung Jae , Brickley Elizabeth , Moreira Maria Elisabeth L. , Nielsen-Saines Karin
Published: July 2020

We report Zika virus (ZIKV) vertical transmission in 130 infants born to PCR+ mothers at the time of the Rio de Janeiro epidemic of 2015–2016. Serum and urine collected from birth through the first year of life were tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or IgM Zika MAC-ELISA. Four hundred and seven specimens are evaluated; 161 sera tested by PCR and IgM assays, 85 urines by PCR. Sixty-five percent of children (N = 84) are positive in at least one assay. Of 94 children tested within 3 months of age, 70% are positive. Positivity declines to 33% after 3 months. Five children are PCR+ beyond 200 days of life. Concordance between IgM and PCR results is 52%, sensitivity 65%, specificity 40% (positive PCR results as gold standard). IgM and serum PCR are 61% concordant; serum and urine PCR 55%. Most children (65%) are clinically normal. Equal numbers of children with abnormal findings (29 of 45, 64%) and normal findings (55 of 85, 65%) have positive results, p = 0.98. Earlier maternal trimester of infection is associated with positive results (p = 0.04) but not clinical disease (p = 0.98). ZIKV vertical transmission is frequent but laboratory confirmed infection is not necessarily associated with infant abnormalities.
Improving viability of leukemia cells by tailoring shell fluid rheology in constricted microcapillary
Authors: Nooranidoost Mohammad , Kumar Ranganathan
Published: July 2020

Encapsulated cell therapy has shown great potential in the treatment of several forms of cancer. Microencapsulation of these cancer cells can protect the core from the harmful effects of the neighboring cellular environment and can supply nutrients and oxygen. Such an encapsulation technique ensures cell viability and enables targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. The cells immobilized with a biocompatible shell material can be isolated from the ambient and can move in constricted microcapillary. However, transportation of these cells through the narrow microcapillary may squeeze and mechanically damage the cells which threaten the cell viability. The cell type, conditions and the viscoelastic properties of the shell can dictate cell viability. A front-tracking numerical simulation shows that the engineered shell material with higher viscoelasticity improves the cell viability. It is also shown that low cortical tension of cells can contribute to lower cell viability.
Age and morphology of posterior communicating artery aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Jian , Can Anil , Lai Pui Man Rosalind , Mukundan Srinivasan , Castro Victor M. , Dligach Dmitriy , Finan Sean , Yu Sheng , Gainer Vivian S. , Shadick Nancy A. , Savova Guergana , Murphy Shawn N. , Cai Tianxi , Weiss Scott T. , Du Rose
Published: July 2020

Risk of intracranial aneurysm rupture could be affected by geometric features of intracranial aneurysms and the surrounding vasculature in a location specific manner. Our goal is to investigate the morphological characteristics associated with ruptured posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms, as well as patient factors associated with the morphological parameters.
Three-dimensional morphological parameters in 409 patients with 432 PCoA aneurysms diagnosed at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital between 1990 and 2016 who had available CT angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were evaluated. Morphological parameters examined included aneurysm wall irregularity, presence of a daughter dome, presence of hypoplastic or aplastic A1 arteries and hypoplastic or fetal PCoA, perpendicular height, width, neck diameter, aspect and size ratio, height/width ratio, and diameters and angles of surrounding parent and daughter vessels. Univariable and multivariable statistical analyses were performed to determine the association of morphological parameters with rupture of PCoA aneurysms. Additional analyses were performed to determine the association of patient factors with the morphological parameters. Irregular, multilobed PCoA aneurysms with larger height/width ratios and larger flow angles were associated with ruptured PCoA aneurysms, whereas perpendicular height was inversely associated with rupture in a multivariable model. Older age was associated with lower aspect ratio, with a trend towards lower height/width ratio and smaller flow angle, features that are associated with a lower rupture risk. Morphological parameters are easy to assess and could help in risk stratification in patients with unruptured PCoA aneurysms. PCoA aneurysms diagnosed at older age have morphological features associated with lower risk.
Characterization of multicellular breast tumor spheroids using image data-driven biophysical mathematical modeling
Authors: Bowers Haley J. , Fannin Emily E. , Thomas Alexandra , Weis Jared A.
Published: July 2020

Multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) systems provide an in vitro cell culture model system which mimics many of the complexities of an in vivo solid tumor and tumor microenvironment, and are often used to study cancer cell growth and drug efficacy. Here, we present a coupled experimental-computational framework to estimate phenotypic growth and biophysical tumor microenvironment properties. This novel framework utilizes standard microscopy imaging of MCTS systems to drive a biophysical mathematical model of MCTS growth and mechanical interactions. By extending our previous in vivo mechanically-coupled reaction–diffusion modeling framework we developed a microscopy image processing framework capable of mechanistic characterization of MCTS systems. Using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer MCTS, we estimated biophysical parameters of cellular diffusion, rate of cellular proliferation, and cellular tractions forces. We found significant differences in these model-based biophysical parameters throughout the treatment time course between untreated and treated MCTS systems, whereas traditional size-based morphometric parameters were inconclusive. The proposed experimental-computational framework estimates mechanistic MCTS growth and invasion parameters with significant potential to assist in better and more precise assessment of in vitro drug efficacy through the development of computational analysis methodologies for three-dimensional cell culture systems to improve the development and evaluation of antineoplastic drugs.
Increased levels of conjugated bile acids are associated with human bile reflux gastritis
Authors: Zhao Aihua , Wang Shouli , Chen Wenlian , Zheng Xiaojiao , Huang Fengjie , Han Xiaolong , Ge Kun , Rajani Cynthia , Huang Yanxia , Yu Herbert , Zhu Jinshui , Jia Wei
Published: July 2020

Bile acids (BAs) play essential roles in facilitating lipid digestion and absorption in the intestine. Gastric BAs were attributed to abnormal refluxing from duodenal compartments and correlated with the occurrence of gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis. However, the differences in gastric BAs between physiologically compromised and healthy individuals have not been fully investigated. In this study, gastric juice was collected from patients clinically diagnosed as gastritis with/without bile reflux and healthy subjects for BA profiles measurements. As a result, we found that the conjugated BAs became prominent components in bile reflux juice, whereas almost equal amounts of conjugated and unconjugated BAs existed in non-bile reflux and healthy juice. To investigate whether gastric BA changes were regulated by hepatic BA synthesis, C57BL/6J mice were intervened with GW4064/resin to decrease/increase hepatic BA synthesis. The results revealed that changes of gastric BAs were coordinated with hepatic BA changes. Additionally, gastric BAs were detected in several healthy mammals, in which there were no obvious differences between the conjugated and unconjugated BAs. Pigs were an exception. Thus, increased levels of conjugated BAs are associated with human bile reflux gastritis. Gastric conjugated BAs could become a panel of biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis of pathological bile reflux.
Bone turnover markers in serum but not in saliva correlate with bone mineral density
Authors: Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Boschitsch Ewald , Marculescu Rodrig , Gruber Reinhard , Pietschmann Peter
Published: July 2020

Saliva was proposed as a diagnostic tool for systemic diseases. Here we determined the correlation of bone turnover markers in saliva, bone turnover markers in serum and bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic and healthy women. Forty postmenopausal osteoporotic and 40 age-matched healthy non-osteoporotic females were recruited for this case–control study. Serum and stimulated saliva levels of osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and cross-linked-C-telopeptide of type I collagen were determined. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and total hip were obtained. We show that osteocalcin and cross-linked-C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) reached detectable levels in saliva while N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase were close or below the detection limit. Serum levels of bone turnover markers were significantly higher than saliva levels. Correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation of serum osteocalcin and, to a lesser extent, also serum CTX values with bone mineral density in lumbar spine, femoral neck, or total hip, respectively. There was, however, no significant correlation of bone mineral density with the respective bone turnover markers in saliva. There was a trend that saliva osteocalcin correlates with femoral neck (p = 0.16) or total hip (p = 0.06). There was also no association between serum and saliva bone turnover markers. This study reveals that saliva cannot replace the withdrawal of serum to evaluate bone metabolism.
High formin binding protein 17 (FBP17) expression indicates poor differentiation and invasiveness of ductal carcinomas
Authors: Suman Prabhat , Mishra Sarthak , Chander Harish
Published: July 2020

Formin binding protein 17 (FBP17) belongs to Cdc-42 interacting protein 4 subfamily of F-BAR proteins. Recently, we had reported that FBP17 was overexpressed in invasive breast cancer cells and interacts with the actin regulatory proteins. We also reported that FBP17 promotes invadopodia formation and enhances extracellular matrix degradation. The current study determines FBP17 expression in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) using breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs) (82 IDCs with variable receptor status and 8 Normal adjacent tissues) and its correlation with the clinico-pathological features. Immunohistochemistry of human breast cancer TMAs showed the significant elevation in the levels of FBP17 in breast cancer tissues than the normal (p ≤ 0.0001). Interestingly, FBP17 had a higher expression in invasive molecular subtypes HER2 and TNBC (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, tumors with lymph node positive status showed elevated FBP17 expression in HER2 and TNBC subtypes (p ≤ 0.05). Surprisingly, grade 3 tumors demonstrated higher FBP17 expression (p ≤ 0.01) indicating its role in poorly differentiated tumors. Together, the data demonstrates the overexpression of FBP17 in invasive and poorly differentiated tumors. Understanding the role of FBP17 in poor differentiation and invasion of tumors in molecular subtypes at various level might represent as a potential molecular target against the disease.
Prevalence of sacroiliitis and acute and structural changes on MRI in patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Braga Marcio Vale , de Oliveira Samily Cordeiro , Vasconcelos Antonio Helder Costa , Lopes Jailson Rodrigues , de Macedo Filho Carlos Leite , Ramos Lysiane Maria Adeodato , Rodrigues Carlos Ewerton Maia
Published: July 2020

Sacroiliac joint involvement is one of the earliest manifestations of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool in the early diagnosis of axial disease due to its sensitivity for detecting acute and chronic changes associated with sacroiliitis. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of sacroiliitis, acute and structural image changes on MRI in PsA patients and identified predictive clinical, laboratory and disease activity factors. Cross-sectional study on PsA patients submitted to MRI of the sacroiliac joints. The scans were evaluated by two blinded radiologists and the level of agreement was calculated (kappa). Clinical, disease activity and quality-of-life indices (DAS28, BASDAI, PASI, MASES, HAQ, CRP, ESR) were estimated. The sample consisted of 45 PsA patients with a mean age of 50.1 ± 11.5 years. The prevalence of sacroiliitis was 37.8% (n = 17), 47% of which was unilateral. The kappa coefficient was 0.64. Only 5 (29.4%) of the 17 patients with sacroiliitis on MRI had back pain. The most prevalent acute and chronic changes on MRI were, respectively, subchondral bone edema (26.7%) and enthesitis (20%), periarticular erosions (26.7%) and fat metaplasia (13.3%). CRP levels were higher among sacroiliitis patients (p = 0.028), and time of psoriasis was positively associated with chronic lesions (p = 0.006). Sacroiliitis on MRI was highly prevalent in our sample of PsA patients. Raised CRP levels were significantly associated with sacroiliitis, and longer time of psoriasis was predictive of chronic sacroiliitis lesions. Most sacroiliitis patients displayed no clinical symptoms.
Bladder outlet obstruction disrupts circadian bladder function in mice
Authors: Kitta Takeya , Chiba Hiroki , Kanno Yukiko , Hattori Tsuyoshi , Higuchi Madoka , Ouchi Mifuka , Togo Mio , Takahashi Yui , Michishita Mai , Kitano Tatsuya , Shinohara Nobuo
Published: July 2020

The circadian clock programs daily rhythms and coordinates multiple behavioural processes, including micturition. Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) in mice produces hyperactive voiding. However, long-term effects of pBOO on bladder function have not been clarified. In this study, we investigated micturition under conditions of impaired circadian bladder function by inducing long-term pBOO by tying the proximal urethra. Micturition behavior was evaluated at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. We used automated voided stain on paper method for a precise micturition recording for mice. And quantitative assessment of gene expression was performed at 24 months after pBOO surgery using qRT-PCR procedure. The micturition frequencies in the pBOO group were significantly decreased at 3, 6, and 12 months compared to those at 1 month after operation in the same group (p < 0.05). Body weight of pBOO mice was significantly increased compared to sham operated mice at 12 months. The expression level of mRNA was exhibited a 3.4-fold nominal increased for a 5-HT2B receptor in the pBOO group compared to the sham group. The current study found that long-term pBOO led to disruption of the circadian bladder function (the day/night cycle) in mice, similar to those observed in human as nocturia. This disruption is possible involvement of the gain of body weight and/or serotonergic alteration after pBOO.
Effect of A/T/N imaging biomarkers on impaired odor identification in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Baek Min Seok , Cho Hanna , Lee Hye Sun , Lee Jae Hoon , Ryu Young Hoon , Lyoo Chul Hyoung
Published: July 2020

Odor identification ability may serve as an important diagnostic biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of the study is to investigate the contribution of A/T/N neuroimaging biomarkers to impaired odor identification ability in the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum. In 127 participants, we compared A/T/N neuroimaging biomarkers between normosmia and hyposmia groups, and performed correlation analysis between the biomarkers and Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CCSIT) scores. Additionally, path analysis for odor identification ability was performed using cognitive function as a mediator. In between-group comparison, individuals with hyposmia showed higher frequency of amyloid-β (Aβ) positivity, and lower neuropsychological test performance than those with normosmia. After correction for covariates including total cognition scores, there was no difference in the Aβ or tau burden between the normosmia and hyposmia groups, and no correlation between CCSIT scores and Aβ or tau burden. Meanwhile, cortical volumes in the lateral and medial temporal cortices were smaller in the hyposmia group and decreased with the worsening of CCSIT scores. Path analysis showed that only neurodegeneration had a direct effect on odor identification, while Aβ and tau burden contributed to odor identification with the mediation of cognition. In the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum, impaired odor identification ability may be attributable to neurodegeneration rather than the direct effect of Aβ or tau burden.
Author Correction: Novel function of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A: promotes endometrium receptivity by up-regulating N-fucosylation
Authors: Yu Ming , Wang Jiao , Liu Shuai , Wang Xiaoqi , Yan Qiu
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Realization of a motility-trap for active particles
Authors: Jahanshahi Soudeh , Lozano Celia , Liebchen Benno , Löwen Hartmut , Bechinger Clemens
Published: July 2020

Trapping of atomic and mesoscopic particles with optical fields is a practical technique employed in many research disciplines. Developing similar trapping methods for self-propelled, i.e. active, particles is, however, challenging due to the typical anisotropic material composition of Janus-type active particles. This renders their trapping with magneto-optical fields to be difficult. Here we present the realization of a motility-trap for active particles, which only exploits their self-propulsion properties. By combining experiments, numerical simulations, and theory, we show that, under appropriate conditions, a force-free rotation of the self-propulsion direction towards the trap's center can be achieved, which results in an exponential localization of active particles. Because this trapping mechanism can be applied to any propulsion scheme, we expect such motility-tweezers to be relevant for fundamental studies of self-driven objects as well as for their applications as autonomous microrobots.
A turn-on fluorescent sensor based on carbon dots from Sophora japonica leaves for the detection of glyphosate
Authors: Hou Jingzhou , Wang Xianfeng , Lan Shiyu , Zhang Chao , Hou Changjun , He Qiang , Huo Danqun
Published: July 2020

Carbon dots (CDs) having low cost and low toxicity and synthesized via a green route were applied to establish a fluorescent nanoprobe for the measurement of glyphosate.
Direct N-formylation of nitroarenes with CO2
Authors: Shen Ni , Zhai Shi-Jing , Cheung Chi Wai , Ma Jun-An
Published: July 2020

Direct N-formylation of nitroarenes with CO2 is developed to prepare N-aryl formamides without the need of preforming anilines as conventional substrates.
H2as a fuel for flavin- and H2O2-dependent biocatalytic reactions
Authors: Al-Shameri Ammar , Willot Sébastien J.-P. , Paul Caroline E. , Hollmann Frank , Lauterbach Lars
Published: July 2020

We show that an O2-tolerant hydrogenase is capable to regenerate flavins and to power flavin- and H2O2-dependent biocatalysts with H2.
High affinity heparin detection by multivalent supramolecular polymers through aggregation induced emission
Authors: Bhaumik Shubhra Kanti , Patra Yoti Shankar , Banerjee Supratim
Published: July 2020

Supramolecular polymers based on aggregation induced emission active cationic cyanostilbenes provide a highly sensitive “light-up” platform for heparin detection.
Synthesis and hetero-Diels–Alder reactions of enantiomerically pure dihydro-1H-azepines
Authors: Craig Donald , Spreadbury Samuel R. J. , White Andrew J. P.
Published: July 2020

Thermolysis of enantiomerically pure 3-substituted 7,7-dihalo-2-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes in the presence of K2CO3gives in good yields 2-alkyl-6-halo-1-tosyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-azepines.
Intrinsic ultra-wide completely spin-polarized state realized in a new CrO2 monolayer
Authors: Deng Xiaohui , Li Zhenyu
Published: July 2020

The existence of an ultra-wide 100% spin-polarized 2D CrO2 monolayer was predicted. Monte Carlo simulations showed that such an ordered spin state could be maintained to 280 K, and further enhanced through strain or hole doping.
Design, synthesis, crystal structure and luminescent properties introduced by Eu3+ of a new type of rare-earth borophosphate CsNa2REE2(BO3)(PO4)2 (REE = Y, Gd)
Authors: Zhao Dan , Xue Yali , Zhang Ruijuan , Fan Yanping , Liu Baozhong , Li Yanan , Zhang Shirui
Published: July 2020

This work provides a novel host lattice template CsNa2REE2(BO3)(PO4)2 (REE = Y, Gd, Lu) for Eu3+ luminescence, with a linear arrangement of REE3+ ions that restricts the occurrence of concentration quenching even for fully concentrated Eu3+.
Sn-Decorated red P entangled in CNTs as anodes for advanced lithium ion batteries
Authors: Sun Li , Zhang Yuanxing , Gong Yi , Si Haochen , Shi Yan , Fan Kaifeng , Sun Chao , Zhang Yihe
Published: July 2020

Red P was first decorated with Sn and then interwoven into a CNT framework, achieving greatly shortened electron transfer paths and enhanced lithium storage performance.
Recent advances in metal–organic frameworks for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and overall water splitting reactions
Authors: Budnikova Yulia H.
Published: July 2020

The best representatives of pristine MOFs are not only inferior to catalysts derived from MOFs, but also superior in some cases.
A ball-milling synthesis of N-graphyne with controllable nitrogen doping sites for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution and supercapacitors
Authors: Ding Wen , Sun Mingxuan , Gao Bowen , Liu Wenzhu , Ding Zhipeng , Anandan Sambandam
Published: July 2020

N-Graphyne, with a novel structure, was synthesized by the one-step ball milling of CaC2 and pyrazine; its excellent electrocatalytic and supercapacitor properties were confirmed.
Study and modular synthesis of unsymmetrical bis(phosphino)pyrrole ligands
Authors: Fokwa Hilary D. , Vidlak Julia F. , Weinberg Sophie C. , Duplessis Isaiah D. , Schley Nathan D. , Johnson Miles W.
Published: July 2020

A new family of bis(phospino)pyrrole ligands can be easily accessed from a common intermediate in a single step.
K-gradient doping to stabilize the spinel structure of Li1.6Mn1.6O4 for Li+ recovery
Authors: Qian Fangren , Zhao Bing , Guo Min , Li Jun , Liu Zhong , Wu Zhijian
Published: July 2020

Li+ adsorbent doped with K was prepared and the K entered into the Li1.6Mn1.6O4 (LMO) lattice was confirmed by STEM. DFT calculations further confirmed the K substitution for Li at the 16d sites, which enhanced the stability of LMO.
Soy hull dietary fiber alleviates inflammation in BALB/C mice by modulating the gut microbiota and suppressing the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Lina , Lin Qian , Han Lin , Wang Ziyi , Luo Mingshuo , Kang Wanrong , Liu Jie , Wang Jing , Ma Tao , Liu He
Published: July 2020

Soy hull DF delayed glucose diffusion and absorption of bile acid. Soy hull DF alleviates inflammation in mice through suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Soy hull DF ameliorates the colitis induced decrease in gut microbiota species richness.
Oxidized graphitic carbon nitride as a sustainable metal-free catalyst for hydrogen transfer reactions under mild conditions
Authors: Choudhary Priyanka , Bahuguna Ashish , Kumar Ajay , Dhankhar Sandeep Singh , Nagaraja C. M. , Krishnan Venkata
Published: July 2020

Sustainable hydrogen transfer reactions without the use of expensive noble metals and toxic solvents is a challenging task. In this work, a process has been developed for selective hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds to corresponding alcohols.
Design of a combined ionosolv-organosolv biomass fractionation process for biofuel production and high value-added lignin valorisation
Authors: Chen Meng , Malaret Francisco , Firth Anton E. J. , Verdía Pedro , Abouelela Aida R. , Chen Yiyan , Hallett Jason P.
Published: July 2020

IonoSolv pretreatment using protic ionic liquids has shown impressive biomass fractionation performance and ionic liquid recyclability.
The fractionation of woody biomass under mild conditions using bifunctional phenol-4-sulfonic acid as a catalyst and lignin solvent
Authors: He Duo , Wang Yunxuan , Yoo Chang Geun , Chen Qi-Jie , Yang Qiang
Published: July 2020

The lignin-derivable bifunctional phenol-4-sulfonic acid as a catalyst and lignin solvent can near-completely fractionate woody biomass at mild conditions.
Evaluation of a modified halo flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow ion source for the analysis of directly injected volatile organic compounds
Authors: Fandino Jonatan , Orejas Jaime , Chauvet Laura , Blanco David , Guillot Philippe , Pisonero Jorge , Bordel Nerea
Published: July 2020

hFAPA ion source as an analytical tool for the determination of volatile organic compounds in gas samples by direct injection.
Advanced development of a non-ionic surfactant and cholesterol material based niosomal gel formulation for the topical delivery of anti-acne drugs
Authors: Shah Akhilesh , Boldhane Sanjay , Pawar Atmaram , Bothiraja Chellampillai
Published: July 2020

The aim of the present investigation was to develop adapalene (ADP), a high lipophilicity and low solubility anti-acne drug-loaded niosomal topical gel formulation, in order to improve its therapeutic efficacy.
Lysozyme coated copper nanoclusters for green fluorescence and their utility in cell imaging
Authors: Thawari Atul Gajanan , Kumar Piyush , Srivastava Rohit , Rao Chebrolu Pulla
Published: July 2020

Green fluorescent, pH dependent and water soluble copper nanoclusters (3–5 nm) were synthesized by stabilizing with lysozyme and these were demonstrated for imaging in both healthy and cancer cell lines as an alternate to green fluorescent protein.
Fabrication of a vanadium nitride/N-doped carbon hollow nanosphere composite as an efficient electrode material for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Xin , Lu Wei , Yu Xiaodan , Song Shuyan , Xing Yan
Published: July 2020

N-doped carbon covering on the surface of VN inhibits the oxidation of VN in alkaline electrolyte and increases the electrical conductivity of composite. Therefore, favorable electrochemical behaviors of the V2O3/C//VN/NCS device are exhibited.
Amplification of oxidative stressviaintracellular ROS production and antioxidant consumption by two natural drug-encapsulated nanoagents for efficient anticancer therapy
Authors: Liu Yihuan , Liu Haibin , Wang Li , Wang Yingjie , Zhang Chengcheng , Wang Changping , Yan Yang , Fan Jingpin , Xu Guanghui , Zhang Qiang
Published: July 2020

A nanoagent delivering two natural product molecules to promote ROS generation as well as to consume intracellular antioxidant is developed for oxidative stress-associated anticancer therapy.
Neurite guidance and neuro-caging on steps and grooves in 2.5 dimensions
Authors: Fendler Cornelius , Harberts Jann , Rafeldt Lars , Loers Gabriele , Zierold Robert , Blick Robert H.
Published: July 2020

Tailor-made structures of micron-sized steps and grooves serve as cell culture platforms to guide neurite outgrowth. The effects of contact guidance through topography and chemical guidance are analyzed.
In situdesign of Cu and Co nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped graphene with core–shell structure-derived 8-hydroxyquinoline complexes for the selective catalytic reduction of NOxby NH3
Authors: Li Zhifang , Yang Jian , Ma Xiaoyu , Cui Jinxing , Ma Yuanyuan , Geng Cui , Kang Yan , Yang Changlong
Published: July 2020

The Cu and Co nanoparticles surrounding by N-doped graphene (labeled Cu@N-Gr and Co@N-Gr) catalysts exhibited excellent activity in the NH3-SCR, which is because the graphene shell can effectively prevent the agglomeration of active site.
Selective oxidation of 1,2-propanediol to lactic acid over Cu-modified Au/hydrotalcite catalysts
Authors: Tian Junying , Liu Hailong , Li Ping , Huang Zhiwei , Chen Jing
Published: July 2020

1,2-Propanediol was converted to lactic acid over Cu-modified Au/hydrotalcite catalysts with high conversion and selectivity.
Active-modulated, random-illumination, super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging
Authors: Wang Baoju , Liu Zhijia , Zhou Li , Fei Yiyan , Yang Chengliang , Mi Lan , Mu Quanquan , Ma Jiong
Published: July 2020

Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) provides subdiffraction resolution based on the analysis of temporal stochastic intensity fluctuations.
Direct electrochemical reductive amination between aldehydes and amines with a H/D-donor solvent
Authors: Hong Huanliang , Zou Zirong , Liang Gen , Pu Suyun , Hu Jinhui , Chen Lu , Zhu Zhongzhi , Li Yibiao , Huang Yubing
Published: July 2020

Electrochemical reductive amination of aldehydes and amines was first realized at room temperature by using DMSO/DMSO-d6as a H/D-donor solvent.
Bu4NI-catalyzed, oxidative C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross dehydrogenative coupling for the regioselective direct C-3 benzylation of 2H-indazoles
Authors: Yadav Lalit , Chaudhary Sandeep
Published: July 2020

A Bu4NI-catalyzed, DTBP-promoted, regioselective C(sp2)–C(sp3) cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) protocol for the direct C-3 benzylation of 2H-indazoles is reported.
Direct radical alkylation and acylation of 2H-indazoles using substituted Hantzsch esters as radical reservoirs
Authors: Liu Li , Jiang Pengxing , Liu Yongguo , Du Hongguang , Tan Jiajing
Published: July 2020

A platform approach for the direct synthesis of 3-substituted 2H-indazole derivatives has been developed using a Ag(i)/Na2S2O8 system.
Regioselective construction of pyridazine and tetrahydrocinnoline derivatives via [4 + 2] cycloaddition–elimination with α-halogeno hydrazones and enaminones
Authors: Duan Liancheng , Wang Xin , Gu Yucheng , Hou Yunlei , Gong Ping
Published: July 2020

Herein, we report the de novo construction of pyridazine scaffolds via a [4 + 2] cycloaddition–elimination reaction with α-halogeno hydrazones and enaminones.
Mesoporous-silica-coated palladium-nanocubes as recyclable nanocatalyst in C–C-coupling reaction – a green approach
Authors: Rohleder Darius , Vana Philipp
Published: July 2020

A green approach: in a single-step coating process a mesoporous silica shell was tailored onto palladium-nanocubes. Along with a PEG-matrix this core–shell-nanocatalyst could be recovered after C–C-coupling reactions and reused without any significant decrease in product yield.
Temperature–humidity dual regulation of a single-core–double-shell microcapsule fabricated by electrostatic-assembly and chemical precipitation
Authors: Hou Xueyan , Li Qianqian , Yang Zehui , Zhang Yuqi , Zhang Wenbo , Wang Ji-Jiang
Published: July 2020

A single-core–double-shell microcapsule with temperature–humidity dual regulation was achieved by artfully designing of core and shell to realize the multi-functional and multi-factors regulation.
Functionalization of pristine graphene for the synthesis of covalent graphene–polyaniline nanocomposite
Authors: Park Jaehyeung , Yang Xiaojian , Wickramasinghe Dhanushka , Sundhoro Madanodaya , Orbey Nese , Chow Kwok-Fan , Yan Mingdi
Published: July 2020

Polyaniline was covalently grafted on pristine few-layer graphene via a perfluorophenyl azide-mediated coupling chemistry.
Modulation of metal-azolate frameworks for the tunable release of encapsulated glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Velásquez-Hernández Miriam de J. , Astria Efwita , Winkler Sarah , Liang Weibin , Wiltsche Helmar , Poddar Arpita , Shukla Ravi , Prestwich Glenn , Paderi John , Salcedo-Abraira Pablo , Amenitsch Heinz , Horcajada Patricia , Doonan Christian J. , Falcaro Paolo
Published: July 2020

Clinical and pre-clinical GAG-based biotherapeutics were encapsulated within three metal-azolate frameworks (ZIF-8, ZIF-90, and MAF-7). The resulting MOF biocomposites show different loading capacity, biopreservation properties and release profiles.
Accelerated microdroplet synthesis of benzimidazoles by nucleophilic addition to protonated carboxylic acids
Authors: Basuri Pallab , Gonzalez L. Edwin , Morato Nicolás M. , Pradeep Thalappil , Cooks R. Graham
Published: July 2020

We report a metal-free novel route for the accelerated synthesis of benzimidazole and its derivatives in the ambient atmosphere.
Synthesis of carbon-supported sub-2 nanometer bimetallic catalysts by strong metal–sulfur interaction
Authors: Xu Shi-Long , Shen Shan-Cheng , Zhao Shuai , Ding Yan-Wei , Chu Sheng-Qi , Chen Ping , Lin Yue , Liang Hai-Wei
Published: July 2020

The strong interactions between metal and sulfur atoms doped in a carbon matrix allow for the synthesis of supported sub-2 nanometer M–Co (M = Pt, Rh, Ir) bimetallic nanocluster catalysts.
Controlling the alignment of 1D nanochannel arrays in oriented metal–organic framework films for host–guest materials design
Authors: Okada Kenji , Nakanishi Miharu , Ikigaki Ken , Tokudome Yasuaki , Falcaro Paolo , Doonan Christian J. , Takahashi Masahide
Published: July 2020

Orientation-controlled Cu2(Linker)2DABCO MOF films on macroscopic scales are fabricated for the development of high-performance devices; the direction of 1D nanochannels is controllable either perpendicular or parallel to substrates.
Advances in optical and electrochemical techniques for biomedical imaging
Authors: Long Yi-Tao , Meade Thomas J.
Published: July 2020

Yi-Tao Long and Thomas J. Meade introduce the Chemical Science retrospective themed collection on advances in optical and electrochemical techniques for biomedical imaging.
Converting micro-sized kerf-loss silicon waste to high-performance hollow-structured silicon/carbon composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Qiang , Qu Jiakang , Chen Xiang , Zhao Zhuqing , Zhao Yan , Zhao Haijia , Xie Hongwei , Xing Pengfei , Yin Huayi
Published: July 2020

Low-cost feedstocks and rationally designed structures are the keys to determining the lithium-storage performance and practical applications of Si-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Green synthesized selenium doped zinc oxide nano-antibiotic: synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial, nanotoxicity and teratogenicity potential
Authors: Majeed Abdul , Javed Faryal , Akhtar Sundus , Saleem Uzma , Anwar Fareeha , Ahmad Bashir , Nadhman Akhtar , Shahnaz Gul , Hussain Irshad , Hussain Syed Zajif , Sohail Muhammad Farhan
Published: July 2020

A facile, green synthesis of selenium doped zinc oxide nano-antibiotic (Se-ZnO-NAB) using theCurcuma longaextract is reported to combat the increased emergence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA).
Microstructural modulation of organic passivation layers for metal oxide semiconductors to achieve high bias stability
Authors: Ho Dongil , Jeong Ha-Yun , Le Minh Nhut , Usta Hakan , Kwon Hyuck-In , Kim Myung-Gil , Kim Choongik
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the microstructural control of organic back-channel passivation layers for bias stability enhancement and electrical property tuning of metal oxide thin-film transistors.
High-efficiency non-doped deep-blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes based on carbazole/phenanthroimidazole derivatives
Authors: Xin Jianhui , Li Zhiqiang , Liu Yijun , Liu Dan , Zhu Feng , Wang Yue , Yan Donghang
Published: July 2020

The non-doped OLEDs with 2FPPICz and 2FPPIPCz as emitters exhibit deep-blue emission with maximum external quantum efficiencies of 4.3% and 5.6%, respectively. The device with 2FPPIPCz has a high emission luminance up to 24 150 cd m−2 and a low efficiency roll-off at 1000 cd m−2.
Ga2O3polymorphs: tailoring the epitaxial growth conditions
Authors: Bosi M. , Mazzolini P. , Seravalli L. , Fornari R.
Published: July 2020

We review the nucleation and growth of different Ga2O3polymorphs with several techniques, giving practical guidelines for their synthesis.
Role of FIP200 in inflammatory processes beyond its canonical autophagy function
Authors: Yeo Syn Kok , Wang Chenran , Guan Jun-Lin
Published: July 2020

FIP200 (RB1CC1) is a critical regulator of canonical macroautophagy and has also emerged as a crucial regulator of selective autophagy as well as inflammatory processes. The illumination of FIP200's role in autophagy at the molecular level has been accompanied by studies demonstrating the importance of its autophagy function in physiological processes in mammals and pathological contexts such as cancer. However, there is an increasing appreciation that most, if not all of the autophagy genes, also play a role in other processes such as LC3-associated phagocytosis, vesicle trafficking and protein secretion. Consequently, this has led to efforts in generating specific mutants of autophagy genes that are more amenable to dissecting their autophagy versus non-autophagy functions. In this aspect, we have generated a FIP200 knock-in mouse allele that is defective for canonical macroautophagy. This has revealed a canonical-autophagy-independent function of FIP200 that is responsible for limiting pro-inflammatory signaling. In this review, we will discuss FIP200's role in this process, the implications with regards to cancer immunotherapy and highlight key prospective avenues to specifically dissect the distinct functions of FIP200.