bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoeficacia y actitud hacia el consumo de drogas en la infancia: explorando los conceptos
Authors: Melo Hurtado Dora Stella , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: August 2010

El objetivo de este artículo es explorar los conceptos de autoeficacia y actitud hacia el consumo, los que fueron analizados bajo la teoría de la motivación y la conducta humana. Se trata de una reflexión teórica, construida con base en la literatura. Altos niveles de autoeficacia tienen consecuencias beneficiosas para el funcionamiento del individuo. Frente a la actitud hacia las drogas se encontró que la presencia o ausencia de prejuicios y las valoraciones positivas sobre las drogas facilitan el riesgo o perjudican la protección de consumo. Se concluye que el profesional de enfermería debe aplicar los conceptos de autoeficacia y actitud hacia el consumo para orientar las acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención del consumo de drogas en niños y adolescentes.
Política de defesa no Brasil: considerações do ponto de vista das políticas públicas
Authors: Almeida Carlos Wellington de
Published: August 2010

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a política de defesa do Brasil como uma política pública. Como metodologia, fez-se um benchmarking de conceitos e foram tratadas as informações obtidas de forma qualitativa, transpondo, da literatura das políticas públicas, os conhecimentos necessários à compreensão da defesa nacional como bem público provido pelo Estado. A ideia de integração de diferentes áreas do conhecimento domina a pesquisa e se vê refletida, também, nas conclusões relativas à necessidade de integração de diferentes setores da sociedade. Conclui-se que a busca e o entendimento da política de defesa como bem público requerem superar visões preconcebidas e analisar a defesa nacional com ferramentas das políticas públicas.
A usabilidade nos estudos de uso da informação: em cena usuários e sistemas interativos de informação
Authors: Costa Luciana Ferreira da , Ramalho Francisca Arruda
Published: August 2010

Descreve os sistemas interativos de informação pela interface com os usuários da informação, sob a perspectiva da interação homem-computador. Apresenta as origens dos estudos de uso da informação a partir das referências da Ciência da Informação e da Ciência da Computação, expondo as contribuições prático-epistemológicas desses estudos, enfocando a usabilidade. Conclui com a ratificação da necessidade do diálogo interdisciplinar entre esses estudos diante do uso de produtos de tecnologia da informação na sociedade e cultura contemporâneas, apontando campos de interseção.
O conhecimento no campo de Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento
Authors: Santos Flávio Marcelo Risuenho dos , Sousa Richard Perassi Luiz de
Published: August 2010

Há uma diversidade de interpretações dos conceitos de termos como "informação" e "conhecimento", implicando as idéias de valor da informação e de valor do conhecimento, com suas características meramente estruturais. Isso dificulta o entendimento e a aceitação de novas áreas de estudos como, por exemplo, a área de Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento. Com base na revisão de parte dessa diversidade teórica e de suas críticas, este texto propõe a inclusão e a expansão do termo "cognição" como fator necessário à diferenciação entre os termos "informação" e "conhecimento", no campo de Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento. Além disso, são destacadas algumas implicações desse posicionamento epistemológico na revisão dos processos de conversão do conhecimento, previstos por Nonaka e Takeuchi (1997), e de modelagem ao nível do conhecimento, proposto por Allen Newell (1981).
O curso de graduação em Museologia da ECI/UFMG: concepção e projeto pedagógico
Authors: Araújo Carlos Alberto Ávila , Caldeira Paulo da Terra , Nassif Mônica Érichsen
Published: August 2010

Apresenta-se breve histórico da construção do curso de graduação em Museologia da Escola de Ciência da Informação da UFMG. Destaca-se sua vinculação com o programa geral de reestruturação e ampliação dos cursos de graduação da escola, bem como os esforços para integração deste curso aos cursos de Biblioteconomia e Arquivologia. São apresentadas as referências epistemológicas no campo da Museologia e da Ciência da Informação, questões relativas aos museus como instituições e campos de atuação e o espaço da prática profissional em Museologia. Por fim, apresenta-se alguns elementos do projeto pedagógico do curso, que se inicia no ano de 2010.
Survey on the use of psychotropic drugs by twelve military police units in the municipalities of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Costa Sérgio Henrique Nascente , Cunha Luiz Carlos da , Yonamine Maurício , Pucci Liuba Laxor , Oliveira Fernando Gomes Ferreira , Souza Camila Gabriela de , Mesquita Guilherme Alves , Vieira Ana Paula de Toledo , Vinhal Ludmilla Barros , Dalastra Janayna , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of psychotropic drug use among military police officers in the state of Goiás, Brazil. METHOD: Study carried out at twelve military police units located in the municipalities of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia between March to October 2008. Volunteers (n = 221) were interviewed about drug use using a questionnaire especially designed by the Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID). Descriptive statistics was used to determine the prevalence of licit and illicit drug use in the study sample. RESULTS: The frequency of use was divided into: 1) lifetime use: tobacco - 39.9%, alcohol - 87.8%, cannabis - 8.1%, cocaine - 1.8%, stimulants - 7.2%, solvents - 10.0%, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 6.8%, LSD - 0.5%, Bentyl® - 0.5%, anabolic steroids - 5.4%; 2) use in the previous year: tobacco - 15.4%, alcohol - 72.9%, stimulants - 6.3%, solvents - 0.5%, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 3.7%; 3) use in the previous 30 days: tobacco - 14.5%, alcohol - 57.5%, stimulants - 5.0%, solvents - 0.5, sedatives, anxiolytics, antidepressants - 3.7%. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence rate of psychotropic drug use found amoung military police officers in two cities of the state of Goiás in Brazil can be considered an important factor with potential influence on job activities.
China's economic expansion and the 'sustainability of sustainability': a Žižekian-Lacanian view
Authors: Gelis Filho Antonio
Published: August 2010

The aim of this paper is to present a Žižekian-Lacanian interpretation of an interesting socio-economic triangle that has so far gained little recognition: the Discourse of Sustainability -Capitalism -China's Economic Expansion. It is sustained here that those three sides are connected and together they build a narrative that is self-perpetuating -at least up to a point. The Lacanian theory of discourse is applied to unveil a less obvious side of that relationship : the discourse of sustainability, as it is presented today is but a discourse of self-indulgence, since most of its versions discuss the possibility of "sustainable consumption", neutralizing the much more powerful discourse of "reducing consumption". China's economic success derives, in that sense from its ability to find a niche as the provider of consumption possibilities for Westerners.
"Organización, fragmentación y posibilidades de cambio: la brecha como vacío fértil"
Authors: Perlo Claudia Liliana , de la Riestra María del Rosario , Costa Leticia del Carmen
Published: August 2010

En este trabajo buscamos comprender los complejos procesos de aprendizaje colectivo, y explorar y diseñar herramientas que posibiliten desarrollarlo. De este modo, observamos brechas y fragmentaciones en la red organizativa, que se enquistan en un vacío estéril que impide el flujo y tensión creativa que requieren los procesos de transformación y cambio. Primeramente se explicitan conceptos, seguido de ejemplos de brechas en torno a las cuales venimos trabajando. Finalmente concluimos con una síntesis integradora para abrir nuevos horizontes que nos conduzcan a una articulación compleja de dichas brechas.
Learning process promoted by sensemaking and trust: a study related to unexpected events
Authors: Borges Maria de Lourdes , Gonçalo Cláudio Reis
Published: August 2010

The objective of this study is to understand the interrelations among the micro processes which comprise sensemaking (WEICK, 1995) and the construction of trust (LUHMANN, 1996) in unexpected events. Unexpected events transcend routine and planning orders. However, when they happen, they demand from the organizations solutions as efficient and effectual as those programmed events. The methodology consists of the analysis of six semi-structured interviews and Conversation Analysis (CA) of the main extracts of the conversation between the agents and the supervisor from the beginning of event until its conclusion (recorded in real time). As empirical evidence, an unexpected event at the Operations Center of the Brazilian Electrical System (COS) of an important Brazilian state, on September 24 and 25, 2009 is investigated. The conclusion is that there is an interrelationship between micro processes of sensemaking, considered as ambiguity, experience and interactions, and the micro processes of trust, considered as complexity, familiarity and social behavior.
Constructing and disrupting Ireland's industrial development authority
Authors: Donnelly Dr. Paul F.
Published: August 2010

Actor-network theory is considered to have great potential for broadening and deepening our grasp of institutional work (LAWRENCE; SUDDABY, 2006). Given its focus on process, ANT offers a means to breathe life into the practices associated with institutionalization. With Callon's (1986) four moments of translation as analytical lens, and with Ireland's Industrial Development Authority as empirical example, I seek to address the concerns of Clegg and Machado da Silva (2009) by reconsidering "the role of agency, power, persistence and change in the process of institutionalization".
The impact of leadership, management and power in an international knowledge-intensive organization
Authors: Kirjavainen Senni , Björklund Tua A. , Eloranta Meri-Maaria , Laakso Miko
Published: August 2010

The shift to knowledge economies and the boom of knowledge-intensive organizations with their expert employees pose new challenges for leadership and management of development work. What is the appropriate amount and form of managerial control that is needed in knowledge-intensive development work? This paper focuses on illuminating the kind of leadership and management efforts that either support or hinder advancing development projects. The results highlight the paradoxical role of power and control, and reveal that employees need freedom and yet strong guidance and managerial commitment to develop work in order to stay motivated. Implications for leading knowledge-intensive development are discussed.
Herbicides As Harvest Aids
Authors: Griffin James L. , Boudreaux Joseph M. , Miller Donnie K.
Published: August 2010

Herbicides used as harvest aids are applied at crop maturity to desiccate weed and crop foliage. Weeds present in the harvested crop can increase moisture content and foreign material, reducing grade and market price. Weeds can also delay the harvest operation and reduce harvest efficiency. Glyphosate can be used to desiccate weeds in glyphosate-resistant crops without concern for crop injury. Carfentrazone and pyraflufen-ethyl used as harvest aids can be effective in desiccating broadleaf weeds in corn and soybean. Paraquat, although effective on grass and broadleaf weeds when applied late season, can cause significant crop injury if applied too early. With expanded production of early maturing soybean cultivars in the mid-South (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri bootheel, and west Tennessee), presence of green stems, green pods, or green leaf retention, or combinations of these at harvest has increased. Interest in harvest aids has shifted to use as a crop desiccant. Paraquat also is an effective soybean desiccant, but application timing differs for indeterminate and determinate cultivars. Paraquat applied after soybean seed reached physiological maturity reduced number of green stems, pods, and retained green leaves present, allowing harvest to proceed 1 to 2 wk earlier than nontreated soybean. Seed moisture, foreign material, and seed damage also were reduced when paraquat was applied.
Growth Regulation and Other Secondary Effects of Herbicides
Authors: Velini Edivaldo D. , Trindade Maria L. B. , Barberis Luis Rodrigo M. , Duke Stephen O.
Published: August 2010

As all herbicides act on pathways or processes crucial to plants, in an inhibitory or stimulatory way, low doses of any herbicide might be used to beneficially modulate plant growth, development, or composition. Glyphosate, the most used herbicide in the world, is widely applied at low rates to ripen sugarcane. Low rates of glyphosate also can stimulate plant growth (this effect is called hormesis). When applied at recommended rates for weed control, glyphosate can inhibit rust diseases in glyphosate-resistant wheat and soybean. Fluridone blocks carotenoid biosynthesis by inhibition of phytoene desaturase and is effective in reducing the production of abscisic acid in drought-stressed plants. Among the acetolactate synthase inhibitors, sulfometuron-methyl is widely used to ripen sugarcane and imidazolinones can be used to suppress turf species growth. The application of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors can trigger plant defenses against pathogens. Glufosinate, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, is also known to improve the control of plant diseases. Auxin agonists (i.e., dicamba and 2,4-D) are effective, low-cost plant growth regulators. Currently, auxin agonists are still used in tissue cultures to induce somatic embryogenesis and to control fruit ripening, to reduce drop of fruits, to enlarge fruit size, or to extend the harvest period in citrus orchards. At low doses, triazine herbicides stimulate growth through beneficial effects on nitrogen metabolism and through auxin-like effects. Thus, sublethal doses of several herbicides have applications other than weed control.
Quantitative Evaluation of Allelopathic Potentials in Soils: Total Activity Approach
Authors: Hiradate Syuntaro , Ohse Kenji , Furubayashi Akihiro , Fujii Yoshiharu
Published: August 2010

The allelopathic potential of a plant has been evaluated on the basis of two indicators: specific activity, which is the specific concentration of the allelochemical to exert a half-maximum effect on a receiver plant (EC50), and total activity in a plant, which is the ratio of the concentration of an allelochemical in the producing plant to its EC50. In the present study, a new indicator, total activity in a soil, which takes into account the effects of a soil on the allelopathy activity, is proposed because allelopathic activity is affected by the presence of soils. The total activity in a soil was calculated by multiplying the “total activity in a plant” with a “soil factor.” In this calculation, we assumed simplified cases for comparison, such that the allelopathic plant materials are evenly incorporated in the soils and the allelochemicals are released from the plant materials to the soils at a constant rate. We conducted bioassay experiments in the presence and absence of soils and cited some published data to calculate the specific activities and total activities in a plant and in a soil. The results indicated that the allelopathies of buckwheat caused by (+)-catechin, Leucaena leucocephala by L-mimosine, Xanthium occidentale by trans-cinnamic acid, and Brassica parachinensis by cis-cinnamic acid were not significant in a volcanic ash soil, an alluvial soil, and a calcareous soil, but the allelopathy of sweet vernalgrass caused by coumarin and Spiraea thunbergii by cis-cinnamoyl glucosides was highly effective in those soils. The allelopathies of Juglans species caused by juglone plus juglone precursors and Mucuna pruriens by L-DOPA would depend highly on the soil types. Although some limitations exist for this approach, the total activity approach would allow for a better quantitative estimation of the allelopathic potential of plant materials in soils.
Role of reduced expression of SMAD4 in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: D'Inzeo Sonia , Nicolussi Arianna , Ricci Antonella , Mancini Patrizia , Porcellini Antonio , Nardi Francesco , Coppa Anna
Published: August 2010

It has been demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and other members of TGFβ superfamily play an important role in thyroid proliferative diseases. The deficiencies of SMAD4 are responsible to accelerate the malignant progression of neoplastic lesions in several types of tumors. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the functional role of reduced expression of SMAD4 in human papillary thyroid carcinogenesis. For this purpose, we examined the TGFβ response in two cell lines, TPC-1 and BCPAP. Our data demonstrated for the first time that these cells showed a strong reduction in the level of SMAD4 protein, which was responsible for an alteration of TGFβ signaling and for some of the TGFβ-mediated biological effects. The overexpression of SMAD4, restoring TGFβ transduction, determined a significant increase of antiproliferative response to TGFβ, and reduced the invasive behavior of these cells. Therefore, our data indicated that reduction of SMAD4 may play a significant role in thyroid carcinogenesis.
Integrating estimates of ecosystem services from conservation programs and practices into models for decision makers
Authors: Euliss Ned H. , Smith Loren M. , Liu Shuguang , Duffy Walter G. , Faulkner Stephen P. , Gleason Robert A. , Eckles S. Diane
Published: August 2010

Most government agencies involved in land management are seeking consistent approaches to evaluate the effects of specific management actions on ecological processes and concurrent changes on ecosystem services. This is especially true within the context of anthropogenic influences, such as land use and climate change. The Conservation Effects Assessment Project—Wetlands National Component (CEAP–Wetlands) was developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to evaluate effects of conservation practices on ecosystem services including carbon sequestration for climate stability, groundwater recharge, runoff and flood attenuation, water storage, nutrient and contaminant retention, and wildlife habitat. A primary purpose of CEAP–Wetlands is to provide science‐based information in an adaptive monitoring framework for use by the USDA to facilitate policy and management decisions, and to document effects of conservation programs and practices to the federal Office of Management and Budget. Herein, we propose a modeling framework to allow estimation of conservation practice and program effects on various ecosystem services at different temporal and spatial scales. This modeling approach provides the broad view needed by decision‐makers to avoid unintended negative environmental outcomes, and to communicate to society the positive effects of conservation actions on a broad suite of ecosystem services.
Device Distribution System Productivity Monitoring - Manufacturing Execution System on the Rolling Mill Example
Authors: Gliwiński Marcin , Szpytko Janusz
Published: August 2010

Device Distribution System Productivity Monitoring - Manufacturing Execution System on the Rolling Mill Example

The paper is focusing on device distribution system productivity monitoring - manufacturing execution system on the rolling mill example. The presented approach is helping both availability of manufacturing system shaping and safety keeping.
The Probability of Collision During Vessel Overtaking
Authors: Lizakowski Piotr
Published: August 2010

The Probability of Collision During Vessel Overtaking

There are many close quarter situations at sea, especially in narrow channels. The problem of overtaking on fairways is a complex issue. Navigation, when carried out in such areas causes reduce of a vessel's safety level, it is necessary to consider limits: ship's particulars, fairway's parameters, human factor, vessel traffic. If these factors are not considered during overtaking, it will cause ship out of fairway or collision. The paper contains the probability of collision during overtaking.
Prerequisites for Positive Impact of Foreign Direct Investments on Economic Growth
Authors: Lukyanenko Iryna , Krasnikova Larysa , Podvysotskiy Yuriy
Published: August 2010

Prerequisites for Positive Impact of Foreign Direct Investments on Economic Growth

The paper concentrates on determination of prerequisites for the positive effect of FDI on economic growth. For this purpose database of "Global Competitiveness Report" is used. Significant evidence was obtained for institutions, infrastructure, health and primary education, meaning that improvements in these variables would lead to increase in positive effect of attracted FDI on economic growth.
Dimensioning the Navigational Safety in Maritime Transport
Authors: Smolarek Leszek
Published: August 2010

Dimensioning the Navigational Safety in Maritime Transport

In the paper some problems of quantitive description of traffic safety in maritime transport are presented. Basic definitions and a stochastic approach to concept of traffic safety in transport are given. The stochastic method of dimensioning traffic safety, useful in short-term traffic control, is proposed.
Reliability of Merchant Ship Used for Sar Action
Authors: Starosta Andrzej
Published: August 2010

Reliability of Merchant Ship Used for Sar Action

Paper presents elements that should be taken into consideration by SMC during chosen merchant ship for help in SAR action. Bayesian network was used to construct model of merchant ship reliability in SAR action. Preliminary assessment of ship usability uses basic information about ship from AIS or similar system. Other information to enhanced model are obtain from master by radio or form safety databases. The paper present analyses which elements are the most important. The aim of research is construct application which will inform SMC which ship in the distress area is the best for SAR action.
Use of the Utility Tree Technique in Process of Treats Analysis for Information Security in Information and Communication Systems
Authors: Jóźwiak Ireneusz , Szleszyński Artur
Published: August 2010

Use of the Utility Tree Technique in Process of Treats Analysis for Information Security in Information and Communication Systems

This paper describes a technique of utility tree, which can be used in process of risk analysis for information security in information and communication systems. The technique uses connections between vulnerabilities of a system's element, a frequency of an event incidence (which exploits the vulnerability) and its the importance of such events for information security. It also describes and evaluates the influence of an event on information and communication system. The technique uses a qualitative risks assessment, which makes it simple in use.
Effects of Improved Traffic Management on Sustainable Distributed Road Transportation Safety Based on Asian Experiences
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Szpytko Janusz
Published: August 2010

Effects of Improved Traffic Management on Sustainable Distributed Road Transportation Safety Based on Asian Experiences

Knowledge of the improved traffic management and its effect on road safety is an important component in the process of sustainable road network development. Having in mind that so many road traffic casualties occur, a key priority in transport policy is making highways as safe as possible. The mentioned objective is attained by means of sustainable safety. The paper focuses on sustainable road safety and his principles, based on selected Asian countries experiences. The knowledge base covers institutional responsibility of road safety, the development of a road safety action plan, raising awareness and understanding of road safety problems, road crash data systems, road safety education and training, traffic safety legislation, enforcement of traffic laws and monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of road safety activities. In order to improve road transportation safety an organized sustainable approach is needed via concentrated action of all of participants in the process of realizing the transport service such as: governments at all levels, those who are professionally engaged in transport and traffic engineering and road users themselves.
Use of Analtic Hierarchy Process for Assessment of Transport System Operation Safety
Authors: Woropay Maciej , Bojar Piotr , Pająk Michał
Published: August 2010

Use of Analtic Hierarchy Process for Assessment of Transport System Operation Safety

Transport systems are socio-technical systems in which accomplishment of a direct task is the responsibility of an executive subsystem made up of elementary subsystems of the type - technical object (operator - transport means) carrying out tasks within the system surroundings. Due to the presence of people in the transport system, the most significant criterion for the assessment of carried out rides is their safety. The safety level of carried out transport tasks is affected by threats posed by forcing factors which have an influence on the elementary executive system. These factors can be divided into:

- operational

- external

- antropotechnical

Due to the complex nature of the analyzed systems, the authors of the paper have made an attempt to evaluate the influence of these factors on the system operational safety.
Simulation Testings of Emergency Braking of the Mining Shaft Hoist
Authors: Wójcik Marian
Published: August 2010

Simulation Testings of Emergency Braking of the Mining Shaft Hoist

For each mining shaft hoist braking devices shall be provided, which in the event of conveyance overwind the boundary positions, act upon conveyances with braking forces, independently on the brake mounted in a drive. The state, in which the conveyances overwind the boundary positions, is called the shaft hoist emergency braking state. It is the most dangerous emergency event occurring during the shaft hoist operation. Digital simulation of the hoist emergency braking state, carried out on the appropriate model, enables to assess kinematic and dynamic parameters of that process.
Assessment of small-scale landslide treatment in Nepal
Authors: Mathema P , Joshi J
Published: August 2010

Landslides are major natural hazards in Nepal, and efforts are underway to treat smallscalelandslides with people's participation. The main purpose of this study was to assessvarious aspects of the prevalent practice of landslide treatment followed by the Departmentof Soil Conservation and Watershed Management, Government of Nepal. Questionnairesurvey and case study methods were used to collect the necessary information. It appearsthat the landslide treatment has been successful in stabilizing the major portion of thetreated landslides. However, landuse improvement above the treated landslides, anddrainage management inside and around the treated landslide sites were found to beinadequate. Also, the maintenance of constructed structures and vegetation was notsatisfactory. The findings and recommendations of this paper will be useful in improvingthe landslide treatment in Nepal.Keywords: Drainage management; landslide treatment; landuse improvement; people'sparticipationDOI: 10.3126/banko.v20i1.3502Banko Janakari, Vol. 20, No. 1 pp.3-8
Assessment of the Upstream Churia Hills and Downstream Terai Plains Linkage: An Environmental Services Perspective
Authors: Singh BK
Published: August 2010

The Terai, considered the granary of Nepal, is facing serious threat from siltation originatingfrom the Churia hills mainly due to heavy deforestation together with forest and watersheddegradation. Discussions with local community people revealed that no such problemexisted 5-6 decades ago when the Churia forest was intact. All the forestry sector policieshad recognized the Churia hills as fragile and environmentally sensitive, but the concernedgovernment agencies and the local community people have not been able to conservethis region effectively. There is heavy exploitation of the Churia hills for the extraction oftimber, firewood, non-timber forest products, and for grazing resources. In addition, gravel,sand and boulders are also being extracted for the sake of revenue to the localgovernments. Jalad River of Dhanusha district originating from the Churia hills has beenconverting fertile and productive agriculture lands into barren river beds at the rate of 25hectares a year. The Churia hills should be conserved for the environmental services ofthe watershed to the entire Terai region rather than for provisioning tangible forest productsservices only to the upstream local communities.Key Words: Environmental services; Churia-Terai linkage; PES; upstream-downstreamDOI: 10.3126/banko.v20i1.3504Banko Janakari, Vol. 20, No. 1 pp.17-23
A thermodynamic description of the Ce–La–Mg system
Authors: Guo Cuiping , Du Zhenmin , Li Changrong
Published: August 2010

The thermodynamic optimization of the Ce–La and Ce–La–Mg systems has been carried out using the CALPHAD technique. The solution phases (liquid, bcc, fcc, hcp and dhcp) were described with a substitutional solution model. The isostructural compounds MgCe in the Ce–Mg system and MgLa in the La–Mg system with B2 structure form a continuous range of solid solution in the Ce–La–Mg system. The order–disorder transition between the solutions with A2 structure and compounds with B2 structure in the system has been taken into account and thermodynamically modeled. The other isostructural compounds Mg12Ce and Mg12La, Mg17Ce2 and Mg17La2, Mg41Ce5 and Mg41La5, Mg3Ce and Mg3La, and Mg2Ce and Mg2La were described as such formula Mg12(Ce, La), Mg17(Ce, La)2, Mg41(Ce, La)5, Mg3(Ce, La, Mg), Mg2(Ce, La), respectively. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic description of the Ce–La–Mg system was obtained.
Richard Shaull and the Struggle for the Identity of the WSCF
Authors: Santiago-Vendrell Angel
Published: August 2010

This article describes and analyses the missiological work of Richard Shaull in the World Student Christian Federation (WSCF) from 1968 to 1972. After working as a missionary for two decades in Colombia and Brazil, Shaull had a clear vision on how structural systems worked in the world and the need for the church to expose, transgress, and transform them. However, those years also had shown him the difficulties of trying to change the ‘church’ as an institution that would always try to preserve itself through the status quo and probably would dance according to the tune the ruler of this world plays. He saw in the WSCF a new type of church that would not be a church. For Shaull only a ‘sectarian option’ would lead the way in transgressing church structures while creating a new koinonia of sanctified worldly servants.
The Yin and Yang of VEGF and PEDF: Multifaceted Neurotrophic Factors and Their Potential in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Falk Torsten , Gonzalez Robert T. , Sherman Scott J.
Published: August 2010

Over the last few decades, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) have emerged as multifaceted players in not only the pathogenesis, but potential treatment, of numerous diseases. They activate diverse intracellular signaling cascades known to have extensive crosstalk, and have been best studied for their effects in cardiology and cancer biology. Recent work with the two factors indicates that the activity of one growth factor is often directly related to the action of the other. Their respective neuroprotective effects, in particular, raise important questions regarding the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease.
Highly Efficient Procedure for the Synthesis of Fructone Fragrance Using a Novel Carbon based Acid
Authors: Hu Baowei , Li Chunqing , Zhao Sheng-Xian , Rong Lin-Mei , Lv Shao-Qin , Liang Xuezheng , Qi Chenze
Published: August 2010

The novel carbon based acid has been synthesized via one-step hydrothermal carbonization of furaldehyde and hydroxyethylsulfonic acid. A highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of fructone has been developed using the novel carbon based acid. The results showed that the catalyst possessed high activity for the reaction, giving a yield of over 95%. The advantages of high activity, stability, reusability and low cost for a simple synthesis procedure and wide applicability to various diols and β-keto esters make this novel carbon based acid one of the best choices for the reaction.
Macrophages and Cell-Cell Spread of HIV-1
Authors: Waki Kayoko , Freed Eric O.
Published: August 2010

Macrophages have been postulated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. Their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and their resistance to virus-induced cytopathic effects allows them to serve as reservoirs for long-term infection. Thus, exploring the mechanisms of virus transmission from macrophages to target cells such as other macrophages or T lymphocytes is central to our understanding of HIV-1 pathogenesis and progression to AIDS, and is vital to the development of vaccines and novel antiretroviral therapies. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of cell-cell transmission in macrophages.
Identifying Prevalent Cases of Breast Cancer in the French Case-mix Databases
Authors: Gomez F. , Olive F. , Polazzi S. , Remontet L. , Bossard N. , Mitton N. , Colonna M. , Schott A.-M. , Trombert Paviot B.
Published: August 2010

Objectives: Little is known about cancer prevalence due to a lack of systematic recording of cancer patient follow-up data. To estimate the annual hospital prevalence of breast cancer in the general population of the Isère department (1.1 million inhabitants) in the Rhône-Alpes region, the second largest region in France (6 million inhabitants), we used the inpatient case-mix data, available in most European countries, to develop a method of cancer case identification.

Methods: A selection process was applied to the acute care hospital datasets among women aged 18 years or older, living in the Isère department and treated for breast cancer between 2004 and 2007. The first step in case selection was based on the national anonymous unique patient identifier. The second step consisted of retrieving all hospital stays for each case. The third step was designed to detect inconsistencies in the coding of the primary localization. An algorithm based on ICD-10 code for the hospital admission diagnosis was used to rule out hospitalizations unrelated to breast cancer. Five possible models for estimating prevalence were created combining selection steps with the admission diagnosis algorithm.

Results: Hospital prevalence over the four-year period varied from 6073 breast cancer cases for the simplest model (first selection step without the admission diagnosis algorithm) to 4951 when the first selection step was associated with the breast cancer code as admission diagnosis. The model combining the third selection step with a breast cancer-specific admission reason provided 5275 prevalent cases.

Conclusion: The last model seems more appropriate for case-mix-data coding. Selecting admission diagnosis improved specificity. Combining all hospital stays for each patient has improved diagnostic sensitivity.
Sur la contestation du capital cognitif : composition de classe de l'industrie des jeux vidéo et sur ordinateur
Authors: Dyer-Witheford Nick
Published: August 2010

Résumé Si le capital cognitif constitue un régime mettant sur le marché des processus digitalisés fonctionnant en réseaux, les jeux vidéo et sur ordinateur sont parmi ses composantes les plus importantes. L’article traite de la constitution transnationale d’une industrie des jeux dans laquelle le logiciel joue un rôle central. La composition de classe formée de « travailleurs de la connaissance », de « prosumers », et du « nouveau prolétariat du Hard » est mise en évidence ainsi que les pratiques de lutte et de résistance du secteur. Il conclut sur les virtualités subversives et transformatrices des jeux.
La faille atlantique des relations Europe/États-Unis
Authors: Moulier-Boutang Yann
Published: August 2010

Résumé L’épisode de la Convention a échoué dans le projet de certains de mettre un point d’arrêt au fédéralisme et à l’idée d’une expansion continue de l’Europe. Le 15 février dernier, après plusieurs mois de bataille contre l’option guerrière en Irak, la peuple constituant européen s’est manifesté dans la rue. Désormais toute tentative extérieure de diviser l’Europe fera apparaître à cette opinion publique que l’un des objectifs de la politique étrangère américaine est d’empêcher l’Europe de s’affirmer comme puissance politique. La faille atlantique des relations Europe/ États-Unis ne peut que croître. La construction d’un modèle européen de vie comme alternative à l’américanisation se fait progressivement autour de la protection sociale, de la santé, du rapport au vivant , de l’art, de l’éducation et de la culture .Pour y arriver, l’Europe doit devenir un projet politique fédéral.
“Des problèmes qu’il faudra bien appeler d’un autre nom et peut-être politique”
Authors: Matheron François
Published: August 2010

Résumé Au moment précis où, critiquant sa « déviation théoriciste », Althusser procède à une repolitisation de la philosophie, il écrit en 1967 qu’il ne sait finalement pas ce qu’est la politique. En 1978, dans Marx dans ses limites , il affirme encore que jamais les classiques du marxisme « ne nous ont donné... le commencement d’une analyse répondant à la question : qu’est-ce que peut bien être la politique ?  ». Cet article cherche à reconstruire la positivité de ces remarques désabusées d’Althusser, à partir d’une ébauche consacrée en 1961 à la « conception marxiste de la politique ». En se posant la question de ce que pourra bien être la politique dans un régime communiste, Althusser, au moment où il entre dans sa « maturité », en arrive à saper toutes les conceptions marxistes de la politique, et d’abord celle de la lutte de classes pour le pouvoir d’État — et même de la lutte de classes tout court. Bien plus, il fait subir comme un vacillement à l’althussérisme au moment précis où il commence à l’élaborer. En évoquant « toute une zone qui n’est pas située dans les concepts théoriques, et qui justement sera la zone libérée par la fin du politique conçu classiquement », Althusser nous montre magistralement que la politique ne peut avoir lieu qu’à la condition exprès de n’être située en aucun lieu prédéterminé. Insituabilité de la politique qui acquiert sa dimension positive lorsqu’elle est travaillée par l’analyse althussérienne de l’ « étrange vacillement de la théorie » effectué dans l’œuvre de Machiavel.
Un pragmatisme des puissances
Authors: Debaise Didier
Published: August 2010

Résumé Le pragmatisme se présente comme une pensée technique de l’expérience. Cette technique a deux formes : évaluation des propositions, énoncés, idées par leurs effets ; construction et invention de nouvelles propositions devant permettre de rendre compte de l’expérience comme un mouvement continu de changements et de transformations. Cet article a pour principal objet de tenter de reprendre cette approche technique et de construire à partir d’elle une pensée des puissances. Celle-ci devra se dégager de toute définition qui lierait la puissance à la conservation, à la domination, à la maîtrise, au profit d’une pensée des effets et des transformations.
Images de pensée
Authors: Groys Boris
Published: August 2010

Résumé L’artiste Peter Weibel s’inscrit dans un prolongement paradoxal des avant-gardes du vingtième siècle. Les institutions de l’art sont mortes ? Il propose le devenir-institution des artistes. Le regardeur s’est émancipé ? Il s’efforce de le contrôler. Les techniques traditionnelles sont périmées ? Il recourt à l’art numérique, seul à même de figurer les processus de pensée.
The Wright and the Wrought
Authors: Dias Xavier
Published: August 2010

Résumé Les Adivasi utilisent aussi bien les images positives que négatives qui les touchent dans la construction d’une identification politique nouvelle, afin d’expérimenter les possibilités de changement. Ils ont commencé notamment à redéfinir leur vie quotidienne à la lumière de leur lutte politique qui s’exprime en termes d’ethnicité. L’association de cette nouvelle conscience politique et ce nouvel activisme a entraîné l’émergence d’une identité pan-Adivasi comme réponse commune aux situations coloniales et néocoloniales subies, qui transcende les identifications en termes de village ou de clan, et témoigne par là même de leur résistance active et de l’agencement de nouvelles modalités de vie.
Qu'est-ce qu'un événement ou un lieu biopolitique dans la métropole ?
Authors: Negri Antonio
Published: August 2010

Résumé Plusieurs luttes pour la ville ont eu lieu récemment en Allemagne, au Danemark, en Italie. L’agir urbain présenté dans ce numéro se situe à une autre échelle, celle de l’intervention d’artistes et d’habitants dans des quartiers. Comment relier ces deux types d’action ? La discussion est l’occasion de revenir sur quelques concepts de base comme diagramme et diagonale biopolitiques, pouvoir constituant...
La géopolitique do-it-yourself, ou la carte du monde à l'envers
Authors: Holmes Brian
Published: August 2010

Résumé La critique situationniste a transformé l’art en pratique de la vie quotidienne. Les punks y ont ajouté le pullulement des groupes autoproduits et le souci de subvertir les moyens de communication de masse. Les cercles underground , l’art vidéo et les sound systems ont fait le reste. Internet a pu brancher le monde sur la contre-culture. Le 18 Juin 1999, de nombreux centres financiers, à commencer par celui de Londres, ont été attaqués par les masques multicolores de Reclaim the Streets et d’autres groupes disparates, qui multipliaient les activités joyeuses depuis plusieurs années. Le net.art a pris le relais de ces carnavals dans l’expression des multitudes insurgées.
L'anomalie du vivant.
Authors: Wolfe Charles T.
Published: August 2010

Résumé La philosophie rencontre la figure du monstre d’abord comme un défi à l’ordre – ordre naturel ou ordre moral, la distinction est secondaire. Ce défi peut également être porteur de sens, comme une malédiction. Puis la philosophie «naturalise » cette figure, soit pour effacer toute dimension potentiellement chaotique dans l’univers, soit pour construire une ontologie (un « roman métaphysique», comme on disait au dix-huitième siècle) du vivant et de son imprévisibilité, dont le monstre est la représentation princeps. Mais il existe un troisième moment, une troisième « rencontre » entre la philosophie et le monstre, qui marque une sorte de retour à sa puissance significative, dans la pensée contemporaine cette fois : elle attribue à la figure du monstre un pouvoir messianique. Nous tentons ici d’évaluer le sens et la justification de cette attribution.
Monstres, insurgés, intermittents
Authors: Illuminati Augusto
Published: August 2010

Résumé La cartographie représente, aux marges du monde connu, les monstres multiples que la polémique politique évoque pour dénoncer les dangers de la révolution : l’hydre à mille têtes qui hante les cauchemars des classes dominantes et qu’il faut exterminer ou assujettir. Hérétiques, sauvages, esclaves rebelles, prolétariat industriel et (enfin) intermittents... dont l’anomalie est mise en production avec profit. Mais le véritable monstre froid, le Léviathan, c’est l’État...
Beyond Google
Authors: Kyrou Ariel , Moulier-Boutang Yann
Published: August 2010

Résumé Ne serait-ce qu’à cause de sa puissance et de ses visées tentaculaires, Google mérite une critique radicale, mais à sa hauteur. Comprendre Google et l’importance qu’il a pris dans notre quotidien suppose un regard allant au-delà du moteur de recherche lui-même et de ses services. L’usage de Gmail et de ses publicités contextuelles comme de Google Street View et de ses rues filmées via un objectif à 360? (comme si nous y étions) n’est pas neutre. Sauf qu’en amont de Google, il y a nos désirs. Il y a nos sources d’information et de connaissance, chaque jour en nombre plus démentiel, et moins fiables que jamais du côté des médias classiques... En aval, alors qu’Internet devient peu à peu aussi commun et invisible que l’électricité, se posent les questions des limites des moteurs tels que Google. Et puis il y a nos détournements, nos créations, nos projets individuels ou collectifs...
Google est-il « libertarien » de gauche ?
Authors: Vicente Michaël
Published: August 2010

Résumé La réflexion de Michael Vicente s’organise autour de la question suivante : aux vues de ces différentes pratiques, comment situer ce géant qu’est Google ? Libertaire ou libertairien ? C’est en analysant la forme et les contenus de l’entreprise-moteur de recherche que Vicente fait surgir une piste théorique. Il introduit le concept de libertairen pour considérer et nommer l’ambivalence dans laquelle Google croît et se déploie, entre utopie partagée et réels intérêts économiques.
Note sur le militantisme de l'après-mars 2007 à Copenhague
Authors: Bolt Rasmussen Mikkel
Published: August 2010

Résumé Cet article de Rasmussen aborde la manière dont la Maison de jeunes a été violemment évacuée par les forces de l’ordre le 1 e mars 2007. Ce faisant, l’auteur ouvre également la réflexion sur la question des intentions et de la dynamique des partis au pouvoir au Danemark. Il nous révèle ainsi le projet d’une droite, sans complexe et offensive, qui pactise avec l’extrème-droite, et cherche par tous les moyens à éradiquer les traditions progressistes et multiculturalistes de la société. À partir de cet événement, et que nous pourrions nommer fait-divers, il dévoile la mise en place d’un projet de société, qui ne doit pas nous laisser indifférent.
Care domestique : des histoires sans début, sans milieu et sans fin
Authors: Damamme Aurélie , Paperman Patricia
Published: August 2010

Résumé Le care domestique, la nature des tâches qu’il implique, la fonction qu’il remplit, sont mal connus, étant le plus souvent présupposés par les politiques publiques et les discours des professionnels engagés dans le domaine des soins. L’article s’interroge sur l’organisation sociale du travail de care dans les familles et l’expérience qu’en ont celles/ceux qui sont amenés à endosser la responsabilité du care domestique. La restitution publique de la voix des pourvoyeurs de care passe par l’écoute des récits de care domestique qui entrent difficilement dans un cadre pré-formaté.
L'habitat « non-ordinaire » et la ville post-fordiste
Authors: Le Marchand Arnaud
Published: August 2010

Résumé Le texte esquisse les relations entre les mutations du travail « post-fordistes », intermittence, travail cognitif, nouvelles mobilités et les mutations de la ville. Dans cette perspective, l’habitat « non-ordinaire » n’est pas une scorie mais au contraire une production actuelle, entre adaptations et luttes contre les ségrégations.
Des rives précaires de la recherche
Authors: Bourfouka Hakim
Published: August 2010

Résumé Partant du principe que le moment doctoral crée les conditions de possibilité d’une critique radicale de l’institution universitaire, le collectif Bourfouka fait une double proposition. D’une part, instaurer un statut officiel de « précaire cognitif » , doté d’un salaire de recherche pour les années de master, de doctorat, de post-doctorat qui précèdent l’obtention d’un poste de titulaire. D’autre part, penser une tactique de l’anonymat par la constitution de véritables auteurs-collectifs , des noms d’emprunt dont chacun peut s’emparer, d’où qu’il parle, pour publier un texte scientifique qui sera de toute manière soumis à une validation pour son contenu propre. Deux propositions qui fraient la voie de nouvelles institutions de recherche.