bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS COV 2 positive healthcare workers in obstetrics and gynaecology- Save the saviour study
Authors: Marwah Sheeba , Arora Renu , Sivajyothi B Manjeera , Dhama Versha , Gupta Nitesh
Published: January 2022

Context:

Health-care workers (HCWs), being the front-line warriors, have been at increased risk for COVID-19 throughout the pandemic. However, the current extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and associated risk factors is still unclear in low- and middle-income countries, like India, especially in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, which propelled this study. Aims: (i) Frequency of infection among HCWs among OBGYN department and cycle threshold value (Ctv) of SARS-COV-2 on RT-PCR. (ii) Clinical presentation, assessment of risk factors, and its impact on HCWs. Settings and Design: This was a prospective study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi for the duration of 6 months.

Methods and Material:

All SARS-CoV-2-positive HCWs in the department were interviewed verbatim after recovery, through a self-formulated, validated questionnaire, and answers recorded on pre-designed proforma. Statistical Analysis Used: Categorical variables were presented as number and percentage (%), whereas continuous variables as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and median values. Data were transferred on Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysed using SPSS v 27.0.

Results:

Amongst 727 HCWs working in the department, 350 RT-PCR tests were performed, and 110 tested positive (prevalence of 15.13%). Mean Ctv of RT-PCR was 28.03. Most HCWs were symptomatic (n = 94) with mild infection; working as nursing officers (40%). Majority of them acquired virus while working in non-COVID wards (76%). Noncompliance with IPC practices (40%) and lack of social distancing (34.5%) were key risk factors.

Conclusion:

Adept knowledge of the risk factors and IPC practices can aid in averting casualties due to SARS-COV-2 amongst the HCWs
Childhood blindness and associated factors
Authors: Das Rathindra , Bhattacharjya Himadri , Roy Dipti Bikas
Published: January 2022

Background:

In India, about 50% of all childhood blindness is either preventable or treatable. Hence, controlling childhood blindness may be an effective way to reduce blindness in this country in the long run. Strategies to combat childhood blindness require accurate data regarding its magnitude, distribution, and determinants in a population. In this regard, district disability rehabilitation centres (DDRC) are working in India to diagnose and rehabilitate the subjects with blindness of various degrees.

Objectives:

The objectives of the study are to estimate the proportion of childhood blindness among the visually challenged subjects registered under the DDRC of West Tripura district, to find out the different ocular morbidities in this population and to study the factors associated with these disabilities.

Materials and Methods:

This facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from 2,260 visually challenged subjects enlisted in the DDRC of West Tripura district of India from June 1, 2018, to May 31, 2020.

Results:

The proportion of childhood blindness was found to be 3.89% (88) among the visually challenged subjects catered by the DDRC of West Tripura district. About 68.18% of the study subjects belonged to the lower socio-economic class as per BG Prasad's socio-economic classification, 39.77% subjects had 30% blindness and 15.90% subjects had 100% blindness. Among these 88 cases (134 eyes) of blindness, 20.14% were refractive error, 7.50% corneal opacities, 12.68% phthisis bulbi, 3.73% congenital cataract and pseudophakia, 2.98% congenital glaucoma, 23.88% congenital globe anomalies, 8.20% retinal diseases, 11.94% nystagmus and 8.95% were due to miscellaneous causes.

Conclusion:

Childhood blindness is still a public health problem in this part of India. Congenital globe anomalies were found to be the commonest cause followed by refractive errors.
Pathogenesis of covid - 19 –Pandemonium of the pandemic in Pandora’s box
Authors: Goyal Aditi , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya , Vagha Sunita , Goyal Venkat , Goyal Madhvi
Published: January 2022

The novel disease of 2019 by name coronavirus (Covid - 19 or SARS - CoV - 2), was first detected in December of 2019 in the Seafood Market of Huanan in Wuhan region of China. In less than a month it was proclaimed as a pandemic by The World Health Organization (WHO). Now, even after a year, it still remains to be a concern as a jeopardy to the global public health. The inception of Covid-19 has been identified as the third encounter of a highly morbific coronavirus after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS - CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS_CoV) causing coronaviruses, in merely two decades. In this review, we illustrate the general features of coronavirus and highlight the pathogenesis of the disease, bringing forth the different theories of disease progression, which may help clinicians and other health professionals to achieve a direction for further research, therapeutic protocols and development of the vaccine for combating SARS - CoV - 2 infection.
Factors affecting the successful implementation of the referral system
Authors: Seyed-Nezhad Maryam , Ahmadi Batoul , Akbari-Sari Ali
Published: January 2022

An effective referral system ensures that there is a close relationship among all levels of health care, and individuals can receive the best possible care. The main purpose of the present study was to summarize studies that have addressed factors affecting the successful implementation of the referral system. A scoping review was performed to identify English and Farsi papers that were indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Trip Database, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran until November 2020. Data was collected from the included studies by a reviewer and was checked by a second reviewer the collected data was analyzed using narrative methods. About 1245 relevant studies were identified in the first stage. After checking titles and abstracts, 63 studies were included. The factors that affected the referral system were classified in 4 themes and fourteen subthemes including technology (electronic referral, coordination, response and feedback), processes (effectiveness, efficiency), organizational (management, policy and planning, rules and regulations), patient centered individual (insurance coverage, social capital, transportation, awareness, attitude, satisfaction, and social influence). Therefore, a wide range of factors are affecting the performance of referral systems. For implementing an effective referral system, it is necessary to consider these factors.
Breast cancer in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Umakanthan Srikanth , Bukelo Maryann , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Maharaj Ravi , Khan Nicole N. , Keane Katherine , Khadoo Nick , Khan Aliyyah , Khan Amaara , Kong Ronny , Korkmaz Selina , Kovoor Anvesh
Published: January 2022

Background:

Breast Carcinoma (BCa) is the leading cause of cancer among females in Trinidad and Tobago (TnT). This twin-island has a diversified population of 1.3 million individuals that display and are exposed to a variety of lifestyle choices that have been linked to the development of BCa. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factors that influence the development of BCa, analyze the common histopathological details, and categorize BCa based on receptor study.

Methods:

Cancer information for 120 BCa cases at Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex from 2012 to 2019 was retrieved, analyzed, and statistically estimated. The clinical details were categorized based on data tabulations, and histological assessment was performed to identify specific features. The receptor analysis was classified based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2neu) staining intensity. A descriptive data analysis and comparison were statistically evaluated in all these cases.

Results:

Epidemiological factors influencing the development of BCa were age with a peak of 56–65 years 27.5% (n = 33), ethnicity predominated in Indo-Trinidadians 48.33% (n = 58), and marital status primarily in unmarried/single/widowed patients 55% (n = 66). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the principal histopathological type 91.66% (n = 110). Receptor analysis revealed ER/PR + HER-2neu as the most common type 40% (n = 18) for therapeutic surveillance.

Conclusion:

This study highlights various epidemiological factors that influence the development of BCa among females in TnT. Histopathological analysis and receptor studies would provide a useful link between the tumor behavior and its prognosis.
Clinical practice recommendations for the detection and management of hyperglycemia in pregnancy from South Asia, Africa and Mexico during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Priya Gagan , Bajaj Sarita , Kalra Bharti , Coetzee Ankia , Kalra Sanjay , Dutta Deep , Lim Vivien , Diwakar Hema , Deshmukh Vaishali , Mehta Roopa , Sahay Rakesh , Gupta Yashdeep , Sharma J. B. , Dasgupta Arundhati , Patnala S. , Afsana Faria , Giri Mimi , Sheikh Aisha , Baruah Manash P. , Asirvatham A. R. , Sheikh Shehla , Cooray Samanthi , Acharya Kirtida , Langi Y. A. , Jacob Jubbin J. , Malhotra Jaideep , George Belinda , Grewal Emmy , Chandrasekharan Sruti , Nadeem Sarah , Lamptey Roberta , Khandelwal Deepak
Published: January 2022

The human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected overall healthcare delivery, including prenatal, antenatal and postnatal care. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is the most common medical condition encountered during pregnancy. There is little guidance for primary care physicians for providing delivery of optimal perinatal care while minimizing the risk of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women. This review aims to describe pragmatic modifications in the screening, detection and management of HIP during the COVID- 19 pandemic. In this review, articles published up to June 2021 were searched on multiple databases, including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and ScienceDirect. Direct online searches were conducted to identify national and international guidelines. Search criteria included terms to extract articles describing HIP with and/or without COVID-19 between 1st March 2020 and 15th June 2021. Fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and random plasma glucose could be alternative screening strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus screening (at 24–28 weeks of gestation), instead of the traditional 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. The use of telemedicine for the management of HIP is recommended. Hospital visits should be scheduled to coincide with obstetric and ultrasound visits. COVID-19 infected pregnant women with HIP need enhanced maternal and fetal vigilance, optimal diabetes care and psychological support in addition to supportive measures. This article presents pragmatic options and approaches for primary care physicians, diabetes care providers and obstetricians for GDM screening, diagnosis and management during the pandemic, to be used in conjunction with routine antenatal care.
COVID-19–induced anxiety and protective behaviour among nursing students
Authors: Nebhinani Mamta , Parihar Aashish , Kumar Ashok , A Gomathi , Nebhinani Naresh , Rani Raj
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

The COVID-19 Pandemic has caused anxiety and stress among people. Nursing students, being an important link in the delivery of health care services, are always exposed to stressful situations which in turn put a great toll on their mental health. Moreover, the perceived risk of pandemics motivates people to embrace different protective measures so as to reduce any potential threats of an emerging health concern.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the COVID-induced anxiety and protective behaviors among nursing students.

Methods:

Nursing students studying at 02 nursing institutes of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India were enrolled for the study. The data were collected using COVID-induced anxiety scale and protective behaviors towards COVID-19 Scale. These scales were converted to online google forms, and the link was circulated among 370 nursing students through emails and WhatsApp. A total of 229 students submitted their responses within stipulated time and were included in the final data analysis.

Results:

The response rate of the survey was 62%. Evidently, nursing students had a moderate level of anxiety (mean score 31.28 ± 5.29) due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Overall protective behavior mean score was 56.63 ± 6.4 which reflects that students were following higher quality of protective behaviors. There is a negative linear correlation between anxiety score and protective behavior score.

Conclusion:

The nursing students exhibited a moderate level of anxiety, and routing protective behaviors were frequently performed by these students. There is a timely need to plan and implement interventions for nursing students so as to make them self-capable to resolve psychosocial issues, especially during disease outbreaks.
The impact of COVID-19 on primary care
Authors: Mughal Faraz , Khunti Kamlesh , Mallen Christian D.
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has changed health systems and services. In this commentary, we outline the impact COVID-19 has had on the delivery of primary health care, and on primary care teams, and describe the NHS response. We highlight the challenges of managing long-COVID and identify areas of importance for primary care in a post-COVID context. We describe ongoing public health measures and list recommendations for primary care for COVID-19 and future unknown pandemics. We conclude with salient points on the future of primary care.
Prevalence and outcomes of D dimer elevation among the COVID-19 patients in tertiary care hospital, Salem
Authors: Kanakaraju Kirubhakaran , Pandiyan Moogaambiga S. , Ranganathan Rangabashyam S. , Asokan Arunkumar
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was initially reported in Wuhan and later spread to the rest of the world.[1] The incidence of thrombotic events has been reported to be 16% in patients admitted for COVID-19 with an increase in the fibrinogen level and D-dimer level which was associated with mortality. D-Dimer was found to be elevated in severely ill patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the dead patients. This study was done to find the prevalence of D-dimer elevation among the COVID-19 patients and its impact on the outcome and to find out the association between the D-dimer elevation and severity of the disease.

Methodology:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to September 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in Salem in the Internal Medicine Department. All the COVID-19 patients of both sexes and all age groups were included in the study. The non-COVID pneumonia cases were excluded from the study. The data were collected from the participants after obtaining their written consent to take part in the study and the data were collected using a pretested and pre-validated schedule. Institutional ethical committee clearance was obtained before the start of the study.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was found to be 54.89 ± 14.4 with the minimum age being 14 and the maximum age being 87. The prevalence of the D-dimer elevation was found to be 143 (81.8%). D-Dimer was found to be significant with severe COVID infection.

Conclusion:

The D-dimer levels were found to be more in severe COVID infections compared to mild COVID infections. Furthermore, research is required in this field.
e Health initiatives for screening and management of hypertension in Rural Rajasthan
Authors: Mangal Shweta , Baig Vaseem N. , Gupta Kalika , Mangal Disha , Panwar Raja B. , Gupta Rajeev
Published: January 2022

Context:

Electronic health (e health) initiatives are being employed in various health programs for disease monitoring. Very few such studies have been conducted in India, so this study was planned.

Aims:

Assess feasibility and usefulness of e health interventions for health workers, ASHA (accredited social health activist) in screening and management of hypertension.

Setting and Design:

Prospective observational cohort study. ASHA's were recruited in two selected villages of Rajasthan and trained to use this technology.

Methods and Material:

A web-based application was developed for use on portable device (tablet) to screen and diagnose hypertension, provide health education focused on diet, physical exercise and promote adherence to therapies by repeated sessions of one-to-one health education. Statistical analysis was done by Excel.

Results:

With the use of e health initiatives, among population above 18yrs, we found 19.1% hypertensives (464/2430) with 46.5% new cases of hypertension and 38.9 % (945/2430) prehypertensive. Mean age of hypertensives was 52.6 yrs. ± 15.2 and 36.8 yrs. ± 14.2 for prehypertensive and highly significant (p < 0.001). Mean systolic blood pressure level of hypertensives decreased from 147.14 Hg ±13.86 to 133.3 Hg ±13.07 and for prehypertensive from 123.18 mm Hg ± 4.5 to 117.55 mm Hg ± 6.9 after follow up, the difference in change was highly significant (P < 0.001). Also, could start 27.4% hypertensives on treatment, while 50.2% were already on treatment.

Conclusion:

Training ASHA worker in e health technology is feasible and can assist in screening and management of diseases.
Predicting depression among the elderly by stressful life events and coping strategies
Authors: Saadati Hemin , Froughan Mahshid , Azkhosh Manouchehr , Bahmani Bahman , Khanjani Mohammad Saeed
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim:

Aging is a stage during which stressful events occur frequently. The method of coping with this stress can play an important role in an elderly's mental health. The present study aimed at investigating the role of coping strategies in stressful life events associated with depression.

Method:

The present study was a correlational one conducted by structural equation analysis. As many as 841 elderly people were selected from the general population by adopting a cluster sampling method. Beck's Depression Inventory as well as strategies of coping with stress and stressful events were applied.

Results:

The model test, analyzed by AMOS by using path analysis, indicated that age is positively associated with stressful life events and depression. The “stressful life events” variable is directly and indirectly associated with depression. The emotion-focused coping strategies were positively associated with depression, and problem-focused coping strategies were negatively associated with depression.

Conclusion:

As an individual grows older and experiences stressful life events, his/her depression increases. Elderly people with problem-focused coping strategies are likely to experience less depression.
Awareness of diabetes risk factors among Bisha Residents Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharthi Muffarah H. , Taura Magaji G. , AL-Shahrani Abdullah M. , Alamri Mohannad M. , Alshahrani Abdullah M. , Nandi Partha
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

In the past few decades, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased dramatically in many countries. While primary preventive measures can reduce the prevalence of diabetes, knowledge of the risk factors of diabetes mellitus has many benefits for patients with diabetes. The study aimed to assess diabetes mellitus risk factors (DM-RFs) awareness among adults residing in Bisha, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Awareness of the risk factors of diabetes mellitus was reported to be highest for obesity, sweet intake, and family history of diabetes.

Methods:

The study participants were 404 adults (225 males and 179 females) with an age range of 18–65 (mean age: 40.83+/−9.3). People with diabetes and those without diabetes were involved in the study. The study was conducted in Bisha city, southwestern Saudi Arabia, using an online random sampling technique and a structured and validated questionnaire, and analysis was by SPSS V 24.

Results:

This study showed that 168 (41.6%) participants had diabetes and 236 (58.4%) were non-diabetics; 64.9% of the respondents were aware of the DM-RFs. Among the people with diabetes, 128 (76.2%) agreed that obesity is a DM-RF, while 210 (89%) of the non-diabetics were aware that obesity was a DM-RF. Further, 77.7% of the respondents agreed that the risk factors were avoidable, with 50.7% willing to know more about DM-RFs.

Conclusion:

The study found a high level of awareness of DM-RFs among diabetes and non-diabetics in Bisha, southwestern Saudi Arabia.
Karyoanomalic frequency assay during radiation therapy – A promising marker in the prognosis of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ravi Kumar Satish , N.B Pushpa , Kishore Sanjeev , Kaur Sohinder , Mehta Vandana , Krishnan Ajay S.
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Radiotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas, either alone or in combination with other modalities of treatment like surgery/chemotherapy. It is always essential to know the nature of tumor response to the irradiation for successful outcomes and prognosis. With this view, the study has been conducted to document the usefulness of nuclear changes, karyolysis (KL), and karyorrhexis (KR) in particular as prognostic markers during the treatment.

Materials and Method:

Sixty patients, aged between 28 and 73 years (56 males and 4 females) years, histopathologically confirmed cases of oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma of different degrees of differentiation, were included in the study. The mode of treatment for the patients was radiotherapy with a radiation dose plan of 4 Gy, 14 Gy, 24 Gy, and 60 Gy on the 2nd, 7th, 12th, 30th days, respectively. The mucosal scrapings obtained from the site of the lesion at each interval were stained with Giemsa and May-Grunwald's stain. The stained slides were studied to assess the frequency of KL and KR.

Results:

It was observed that there was no significant difference between the site of lesion and tumor differentiation with the frequency of KL or KR. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the KL and KR indices with each interval of treatment. The percentage of relative increment among both the studied parameters was also significant, indicating their efficiency as a promising prognostic marker in radiotherapy.

Conclusion:

Hence, assessment of KL and KR at different intervals of time during radiotherapy could be used as an efficient tool to determine the radiosensitivity and prognosis in oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Favourable outcome of severe COVID-19 patients in hyperinflammatory phase with high dose dexamethasone pulse therapy
Authors: Pradhan Swetalina , Sharma Shyama , Kumar Anup , Singh Prabhat Kumar
Published: January 2022

The hyperinflammatory phase of COVID-19 occurring because of cytokine storm is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the affected patients. Various drugs with no definite cure are being tried to tackle the cytokine storm. Recently high dose corticosteroids are being used to arrest the surge of cytokines. In the current case series, we will be discussing the outcome of high dose dexamethasone pulse therapy in 10 cases of COVID-19 in hyperinflammatory phase who were cured of the disease along with improvement in laboratory parameters without any complications to the therapy.
Knowledge, attitude and practice about osteoporosis among young adults in RIYADH 2019
Authors: Mujamammi Ahmed H. , Sabi Essa M. , Alseffay Abdulaziz U. , Alqarni Rayan M. , Alshiekh Abdulrahman I. , Aleidan Abdullah A. , Alsubaie Ali A. , Alaskah Waled
Published: January 2022

Objectives:

To study the knowledge, attitude and practice level among young Saudi adults regarding osteoporosis.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done in Riyadh among Saudis, within the age group (17–30 years old), with sample size (663). A validated questionnaire was distributed in paper and electronic forms. The questionnaire had five parts: first part was the demographic variables, second part the source of the participant knowledge about the disease, third part assessed the knowledge about osteoporosis, fourth part assessed osteoporosis attitudes, and the fifth part assessed the practice for prevention of osteoporosis. The collected data was analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program.

Results:

It was found that there was low level of knowledge among overall participants; there was no significant difference between male and female in level of knowledge, while the age group 21–25 had the highest knowledge level among all other age groups. Males have better level of practice of a healthy lifestyle that decreases the risk of osteoporosis than females. In total, 52.5% of males have a sufficient level of practice, while only 34.9% of females have acceptable level of practice

Conclusion:

The study found no significant difference between males and females regarding the knowledge of osteoporosis. Males were found to have better level of practice of a healthy lifestyle that decreases the level of osteoporosis then females. The study recommends similar studies and undertake more efforts in promotion of preventive programs for young adults.
Study of the impact of a telemedicine service in improving pre-hospital care and referrals to a tertiary care university hospital in Nepal
Authors: Gupta Pramendra Prasad , Uranw Surendra , Gupta Shital , Das Rakesh Kumar , Bhattarai Anish , Bhatta Narendra , Chappuis Francois , Geissbuhler Antoine
Published: January 2022

Background:

Telemedicine is a process which involve medical experts to exchange valid information for diagnosis, clinical management, treatment and counseling for both healthcare workers and patients remotely in rural setting from urban healthcare center. Providing quality healthcare services in Nepal is challenging due to many reasons such as difficult geographic terrain, limited availability of funding and many other issues.

Methods:

The study design was a cross sectional and will adopt an interpretative case study approach which supports the researcher to develop a deep insight in to study phenomenon and outcomes. Study was conducted at in two rural-telemedicine programme implementation sites, namely Patle, Fikkal Bazaar and one central consultation site BPKIHS Dharan.

Result:

A total of 315 patients were undergone teleconsultation process during the study period. The total patients consulted after teleconsultation program in each of center were 1386 (Phikal) and 508 (Patle). Among them 205 (Phikal) and 110 (Patle) were called on the teleconsultation day. Among the patients who were seen via teleconsultation, 36 (2.6 %) from Phikal and 22 (4.3%) from Patle were referred to BPKIHS. The total number of referred patient from those center to other center were 327(Phikal) and 208 (Patle) among those referred 205 (Phikal) and 110 (Patle) came during teleconsultation Process.

Conclusion:

Telemedicine can be used as a critical component in the solution of the healthcare crisis. Telemedicine will be the best as a substitute to improve the access to healthcare, to provide the healthcare cost-effectively. The current paradigm of care can be taken by telemedicine due to which improved health outcomes can be achieved in cost effective Ways.
Residency and Fellowship Training Programs in the United States of America
Authors: Al-Gethami Hanan Jaber , Al-Jehani Hosam , AL-Saggaf Samar , Ajlan Abdulrazag
Published: January 2022

Background:

International medical graduates (IMGs) who study abroad face multiple challenges and more significant discrimination compared to that experienced by other graduates. These obstacles take different forms and occur in multiple stages. Furthermore, adaptation to a new culture causes several challenges for them, affecting their training and patient care.

Objectives:

This study was done to evaluate the personal experiences of Saudi IMGs and to describe the challenges they encounter during their residency and fellowship training programs in the United States of America.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted online in 2013. Participants included 230 Saudi IMGs enrolled in residency or fellowship training programs in the United States of America.

Results:

The majority of the respondents were males and strongly disagreed that lack of English language proficiency was a barrier to learning. High disagreement on discriminatory criticism was most common in postgraduate year 5 (R5) and higher levels (44.8%). Most participants reported positive experiences involving the learning environment. Moreover, some participants reported that they did not find it difficult to perform their religious activities. Total 43.4% of the participants reported equality of treatment regarding administrative responsibilities. However, subgroup analysis showed that women's experiences were less favorable than those observed in the male population.

Conclusions:

Results suggested that Saudi IMGs had an overall positive experience and faced minor barriers while studying in the United States of America. However, subgroup analysis showed that women's experiences were less positive relative to men.
A Cross-sectional Study Based on the Assessment of the Radiation dose for Medical Radiation Workers
Authors: Aldhebaib Ali , Singh Oinam Gokulchandra , Haq Fayaz Ul , Alqurbani Saleh Talal , Barakheel Albarkheel Abdullah Ibrahim , Alshamrani Ahmed , Alnuwaiser Azzam Omar , Alsumykhi Mohammed Abdullah , Alhenaki Ibrahem Ahmad , Vetrayan Jayachandran
Published: January 2022

Background:

A monitoring for radiological technologists and radiation workers must be implemented to ensure the radiation safety.

Aims:

The aim of our study was to measure the occupational radiation dose for medical workers from the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Nuclear Medicine, Dental Services, Endoscopy, and Surgery at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials & Methods:

This study was conducted at KAMC, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Across-sectional study and a suitably and structured questionnaire was adapted from the previous similar studies and monitored radiation doses designed in line with the study's objectives were collected among the different medical workers. A total of 223 medical radiation workers were involved in this study, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results:

It is noted that the diagnostic radiology department recorded the highest value of effective dose followed by cardiac catheterization laboratory and nuclear medicine and so on. The measured amount of effective dose for diagnostic radiology, cardiac catheterization laboratory, nuclear medicine, dental services, endoscopy, and surgery at KAMC was found to be 14.35, 5.23, 4.56, 3.88, 3.52, and 1.87 mSv, respectively.

Conclusions:

This study provide an evidence that the occupational radiation dose for all the monitored departments at KAMC are well below the international recommended dose limit (20 mSv).
Filariasis
Authors: Saif Ahmed , Alshahrani Mohammed Abdulrahman , Alshehri Ahmad A. , Othman Basim A. , Bahnass Mosa M. , Mashraqi Mutaib M. , Zaman Gaffar Sarwar , Alraey Yasser , Madkhali Aymen M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Expatriate workers usually contribute to the origination of some infectious diseases in the countries they reside. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze available information on filariasis imported into Najran, Saudi Arabia, by expatriate workers.

Methodology:

Serum (n = 497) were acquired from expatriate workers of both genders from different nationalities and various ages and also from randomly chosen parts and at different time periods of Najran. The serum samples were stored in a deep freezer at a temperature of − 65°C until utilized for the serological diagnosis of filariasis by using filariasis immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M (IgG/IgM) combo rapid test and human filariasis antibody (IgG4) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:

Based on IgG/IgM rapid test, the prevalence of filariasis IgG was 3.8% (19 out of 497), whereas IgG4 ELISA showed that the prevalence of filariasis was 10.9% (10 out of 92). The highest prevalence of filariasis occurred in Indian workers, in adulthood (30–49 years), and in male workers. There was no significant agreement in results between IgG/IgM rapid test and ELISA. The percentage specificity of IgG/IgM rapid test, relative to filariasis IgG4 ELISA was 80.5%.

Conclusions:

The possibility of health hazard due to imported filariasis and preeminently the initiation of a novel carrier focal point of the disease are likely to relied upon the abundance of carriers of microfilaria and the density of vector mosquitoes who feed on the carriers. Furthermore, the results of this study underscore the need for screening and therapeutic strategies that guarantee the control and prevention of parasitic infectious diseases.
Survival and Epidemiologic Trends of Lymphomas in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Altowairqi Mashael Yahya , Alyousef Mohammed Yousef , Ghandour Mohammed Khaled , Alrashed Abdulrahman Abdulmohsen , Aljebrin Yousef Jebrin , Alotheem Ghadah Abdulkarim , Aleem Aamer , Algahtani Farjah , Alzahrani Musa F.
Published: January 2022

Background:

The current trends in lymphoma cases from Saudi Arabia and their long-term survival are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the trends of lymphoma diagnoses and survival from a major tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This retrospective study included all new cases of lymphoma diagnosed in adults (age ≥18 years) at King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 2008 to 2018, as identified from the Saudi Cancer Registry. Data on the demographics and clinical characteristics were collected, the survival outcomes were estimated, and multivariate analysis of the overall survival was calculated.

Results:

A total of 422 patients were included (median age: 46 years). The number new cases of lymphoma diagnosed variably increased over the study period: From 28 (7%) cases in 2009 to 48 (11%) in 2018. The most common lymphoma was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (175; 41%): and extranodal site was GI involvement (33.5%). In terms of survival, 79% were alive at the last follow-up. On multivariable analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) for patients aged ≥60 years was 3.44 (95% CI: 2–5.9; P = 0.0000069), adjusted for lactate dehydrogenase level (LDH) and disease stage. For advanced-stage disease and high LDH, the HR was 4.2 (95% CI: 1.5-11.8, P = 0.00637) and 0.5 (95% CI: 0.28-0.97; P = 0.04106), respectively.

Conclusions:

The lymphoma trend in the Saudi Arabian population showed variable increase in cases over the study period, with most patients presenting with advanced-stage disease and at a younger age. The overall survival was comparable with studies from Western countries.
A Rare Case of Xanthomatous Meningioma
Authors: Altindag Sultan Deniz , Cakalagaoglu Fulya , Karaca Gokay , Yuceer Nurullah
Published: January 2022

Xanthomatous meningioma is an extremely rare subtype of metaplastic meningiomas with few cases reported in the literature. Histopathologically, it is composed of oval-shaped cells that have central nuclei and cytoplasm with lipid-filled vacuoles, resembling macrophages. Here, the authors present a case of xanthomatous meningioma and discuss the hypotheses related to its origin and the differential diagnosis. A 40-year-old woman presented with an increased headache complaint over the past month. A computed tomography scan revealed a heterogeneous mass on the right parietal lobe, following which a right craniotomy was done. Microscopic examination showed neoplastic meningothelial cells with whorl formation and areas of xanthomatous changes. Both meningothelial and xanthomatous cells were positive with vimentin, progesterone, and epithelial membrane antigen. CD68 and lysozyme were expressed only in the xanthomatous component, and there was no expression with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain and PAS–diastase. As the diagnostic criteria of atypical meningioma were not observed, a diagnosis of xanthomatous meningioma, WHO grade I, was made. Owing to the characteristic xanthomatous changes, its differential diagnosis includes grade II clear cell meningioma, Rosai–Dorfman disease, and hemangioblastoma. To avoid misidentifying these cells as macrophages, a high degree of awareness of this unique subtype of meningioma is required.
Histopathologic and Molecular Biomarkers of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor Treatment Response among Patients with Microsatellite Instability‒High Colon Cancer
Authors: Hyung Jaewon , Cho Eun Jeong , Kim Jihun , Kim Jwa Hoon , Kim Jeong Eun , Hong Yong Sang , Kim Tae Won , Sung Chang Ohk , Kim Sun Young
Published: January 2022

Purpose Recent clinical trials have reported response rates < 50% among patients treated with programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors for microsatellite instability‒high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC), and factors predicting treatment response have not been fully identified. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment response among patients with MSI-H CRC. Materials and Methods MSI-H CRC patients enrolled in three clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade at Asan Medical Center (Seoul, Republic of Korea) were screened and classified into two groups according to treatment response. Their histopathologic features and expression of 730 immune-related genes from the NanoString platform were evaluated, and a machine learning–based classification model was built to predict treatment response among MSI-H CRCs patients.Results A total of 27 patients (15 responders, 12 non-responders) were included. A high degree of lymphocytic/neutrophilic infiltration and an expansile tumor border were associated with treatment response and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS), while mucinous/signet-ring cell carcinoma was associated with a lack of treatment response and short PFS. Gene expression profiles revealed that the interferon-γ response pathway was enriched in the responder group. Of the top eight differentially expressed immune-related genes, PRAME had the highest fold change in the responder group. Higher expression of PRAME was independently associated with better PFS along with histologic subtypes in the multivariate analysis. The classification model using these genes showed good performance for predicting treatment response.Conclusion We identified histologic and immune-related gene expression characteristics associated with treatment response in MSI-H CRC, which may contribute to optimal patient stratification.
L’annulation du visage: une «morale substitutive»?
Authors: Guermès Sophie
Published: January 2022

Cancelled face, a «moral substitute»?

The pandemic affecting our world in 2020 leads us to question a centuries-old socio-cultural practice, namely the wearing of masks, and to rethink their use in light of the current context. Depending on the civilizations and eras, masks have had various functions: religious, social and artistic. None of these functions corresponds, however, to the recent use of masks. Henri Michaux, Jean Starobinski, Michel Butor and Yves Bonnefoy will help us to answer these questions: How the wearing of masks does change our relation to identity? our relationship with others? Does not seeing the whole face make it possible to see others better?
La Force du désir de Krysinska comme roman à clef
Authors: Małgorzata Wierzbowska Ewa
Published: January 2022

Krysinska’s La Force du Désir as a roman à clef In Krysinska’s novel, La Force du Désir, which I consider a roman à clef, rich referentiality is a guarantee of authenticity. Spatial and cultural references build a world familiar to the reader who can easily decipher the prototypes of the presented characters. Moreover, Krysinska’s novel contains the philosophy of the mask, both explicitly and implicitly, within the characters’ behavior. This, however, does not exhaust the issue of the mask, because a roman à clef, on the generic level, is a mask of an esoteric novel.
Les Soixante-quinze Feuillets de Marcel Proust ou la fabrique du masque
Authors: Ropars Anne-Aël
Published: January 2022

Les Soixante-quinze Feuillets by Marcel Proust or the production of the mask

In Search of Lost Time, the narrator is not the writer, and we can find out several models behind one character. In other words, Proust created a mask he put on reality to avoid criticism and problems with his family, but also to look for the essence of beings and things by focusing the truth. Pseudonyms are not a game but a real poetic of the Name. The recent publication of his Soixante-quinze Feuillets (Gallimard, 2021) shows how Proust transformed his autobiography into a fictional world. That preliminary version exposes the methods he used to hide himself and the way he was experimenting the powers of the imagination and composition. It is the writer’s laboratory, an important source for genetic study of Proust’s masterpiece.
Identités fictives de Cindy Sherman et de Sophie Calle
Authors: Kotowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

Fictional identities of Cindy Sherman and Sophie Calle In this paper we confront the issue of masquerade in chosen works of contemporary artists Cindy Sherman and Sophie Calle. Referring to Joan Riviere's (1929) statement that femininity is a masquerade, we examine the fictional embodiments of the mentioned artists in which the mask not only conceals but also reveals reality. The artistic and literary corpus is composed as follows: Cindy Sherman (Untilted Film Stills 1977, Society portraits (2008) and Flappers (2016-18)); Sophie Calle (La filature (1981), Les histoires vraies (2002) and Prenez soin de vous (2007)). Following the analysis of the artists' projects and their autobiographical or semiautobiographical approaches, we come to reveal the reversal of the techniques used by the artists. It means that Sherman, like the film stills, captures a moment and immobilizes it; Calle, for her part, gives life to the events that she provokes. However, in both cases the masks they wear, the fictitious identities that the artists embody, contribute to revisit the codes of the time we live in.
Pierwsze lata wolności w Teatrze Polskim w Poznaniu (1918-1924)
Authors: Nawrocka-Theus Monika
Published: January 2022

Artykuł ukazuje pierwsze lata działalności Teatru Polskiego w Poznaniu po odzyskaniu wolności. Był to okres dyrekcji Bolesława i Nuny Szczurkiewiczów, którzy zajęli się organizacją sceny poznańskiej już w kwietniu 1918 r. Na podstawie dokumentów oraz doniesień z prasy poznańskiej w artykule opisano, w jaki sposób w latach 1918-1924 Szczurkiewiczowie rozwiązywali kwestie formalne działalności Teatru, formowali zespół aktorski i przygotowywali się do otwarcia nowego sezonu. W 1920 r. do dyrektorskiej pary dołączył Roman Żelazowski i dzięki ich wspólnej pracy lata 1920-1924 były jednym z najciekawszych okresów historii Teatru Polskiego w Poznaniu.

Old Polish archival practice based on the royal treasury and archive of Kraków (16th–18th centuries). Inventory commissions

The article describes the first years of operation of the Polish Theater in Poznań after regaining independence. This was the time when the directors were Bolesław and Nuna Szczurkiewicz, who organized the stage in Poznań as early as April 1918. The article describes how in the years 1918–1924, the Szczurkiewicz couple solved formal problems of the Theater’s operation, chose actors and prepared for the new season openings, based on the documents and information found in the Poznań press. In 1920, Roman Żelazowski joined the couple. Owing to their joint effort, the years 1920–1924 became one of the most interesting periods in the history of the Polish Theater in Poznań.
Poznański Czerwiec 1956 r. w kulturze i historiografii
Authors: Jastrząb Łukasz
Published: January 2022

Tekst jest próbą uporządkowania wiedzy na temat obecności Poznańskiego Czerwca w szeroko rozumianej kulturze i historiografii. Opisuje wątki dotyczące wydarzenia w prozie, poezji, filmie fabularnym i dokumentalnym, omawia literaturę przedmiotu i konferencje tematyczne. W artykule jest również informacja o Muzeum Poznańskiego Czerwca jak i wydarzeniach kulturalnych, teatralnych i multimedialnych.

The Poznań June of 1956 in culture and historiography

The text is an attempt to organize knowledge about the inclusion of the Poznań protests of June 1956 in the broadly understood culture and historiography. It describes the presence of the event in literature, poetry, fictional and documentary films, but also discusses publications and conferences concerning the protests. The article also provides information on the Museum of the Poznań June, as well as on events related to culture, theater and multimedia.
Epistolarna autobiografia komandora maltańskiego Wincentego Raczyńskiego (1771-1857)
Authors: Lange Tadeusz W.
Published: January 2022

Tekst dotyczy mało znanego przedstawiciela rodu Raczyńskich z przełomu XVIII i XIX wieku, założyciela jego „kurlandzkiej” linii, komandora maltańskiego Wincentego Raczyńskiego. Przedmiotem artykułu jest napisany przez Komandora na prośbę jego kuzyna Atanazego Raczyńskiego (i później przez Atanazego opublikowany) obszerny list, stanowiący swoiste La Confession d’un enfant du siècle. Autor listu uczestniczył w pewnych historycznych wydarzeniach i otarł się o szereg historycznych postaci, dzięki czemu jego epistolarna autobiografia jest interesująca i niepozbawiona pewnego waloru poznawczego. List, w nieistniejącym już oryginale napisany po francusku, przełożony został na język polski i opatrzony komentarzem, a także licznymi przypisami, osadzającymi opisywane wydarzenia i osoby w historycznym kontekście.

Epistolary biography of the commander of the Order of Malta, Wincenty Raczyński (1771–1857)

The text describes Wincenty Raczyński, a little known member of the Raczyński family who lived in the 18th and 19th centuries, the founder of the “Courland line” of the family, and the commander of the Order of Malta. The subject of the article is a long letter, written by the Commander upon the request of his cousin, Atanazy Raczyński (and later published by him), which was a La Confession d’un enfant du siècle of sorts. The author of the letter participated in some historical events and met a number of historical characters owing to which his epistolary biography is both interesting and of cognitive value. The letter, which does not exist anymore in its original French form, was translated into Polish, with added commentary and a number of annotations putting the people and events described in a historical context.
Kierownik magazynu koszykarni: okupacyjny epizod z życia prof. Józefa Kostrzewskiego (1940-1943) w relacji prof. Alfreda hr. Wielopolskiego
Authors: Prinke Andrzej
Published: January 2022

W tekście przedstawiono wspomnienie dotyczące fragmentu okupacyjnego okresu życia czołowego polskiego prehistoryka i współzałożyciela Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego – prof. Józefa Kostrzewskiego. Autorem przytoczonej pracy jest prof. Alfred hr. Wielopolski, politolog i ekonomista, a także historyk ekonomii i prawa. Odnaleziony w Bibliotece Zakładu im. Ossolińskich we Wrocławiu maszynopis, relacjonuje życie prof. w okresie od grudnia 1940 do lutego 1944 roku, kiedy prof. Kostrzewski ukrywał się w majątku Klemensówka k. Niska.

Manager of the basket workshop warehouse: the period of occupation in the life of professor Józef Kostrzewski (1940–1943) in the account of professor count Alfred Wielkopolski

The text presents the recollection of the occupational period in the life of a leading Polish prehistorian and a co-founder of the Poznań University, professor Józef Kostrzewski. The author of the work quoted is professor count Alfred Wielkopolski, a political scientist, economist and economic and law historian. The manuscript found in the library of the National Ossoliński Institute in Wrocław provides the account of Kostrzewski’s life in the period between December 1940 and February 1944, when he remained in hiding in the Klemensówka estate, near Nisko.