bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causal relationships between gut microbiome and obstructive sleep apnea: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization
Authors: Liu Liangfeng , He Guanwen , Yu Rong , Lin Bingbang , Lin Liangqing , Wei Rifu , Zhu Zhongshou , Xu Yangbin
Published: August 2024

Background

Previous studies have identified a clinical association between gut microbiota and Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but the potential causal relationship between the two has not been determined. Therefore, we aim to utilize Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal effects of gut microbiota on OSA and the impact of OSA on altering the composition of gut microbiota.

Methods

Bi-directional MR and replicated validation were utilized. Summary-level genetic data of gut microbiota were derived from the MiBioGen consortium and the Dutch Microbiome Project (DMP). Summary statistics of OSA were drawn from FinnGen Consortium and Million Veteran Program (MVP). Inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode methods were used to evaluate the potential causal link between gut microbiota and OSA.

Results

We identified potential causal associations between 23 gut microbiota and OSA. Among them, genus Eubacterium xylanophilum group (OR = 0.86; p = 0.00013), Bifidobacterium longum (OR = 0.90; p = 0.0090), Parabacteroides merdae (OR = 0.85; p = 0.00016) retained a strong negative association with OSA after the Bonferroni correction. Reverse MR analyses indicated that OSA was associated with 20 gut microbiota, among them, a strong inverse association between OSA and genus Anaerostipes (beta = −0.35; p = 0.00032) was identified after Bonferroni correction.

Conclusion

Our study implicates the potential bi-directional causal effects of the gut microbiota on OSA, potentially providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of OSA through specific gut microbiota.
Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of borderline ovarian tumors
Authors: Chen Shiying , Huang Li , Liang Meili , Xie Yajing , Zhou Zhimei , Ke Yumin , Wu Zhuna
Published: August 2024

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs), which are a special type of epithelial tumor of the ovary, lie between benign and malignant tumors and have low malignant potential. Due to the fact that the early symptoms of these tumors are relatively subtle, they are not easy to diagnose clinically. This study explores advancements in clinical detection methods and provides a comprehensive overview of molecules such as cell migration factors, cell transcription factors, cell damage repair factors, cell cycle regulators, and tumor suppressor genes that are related to the development of BOTs and their related mechanisms in recent years, thus aiming to provide more sensitive, specific, and efficient differential diagnosis and treatment plans for patients to improve their prognosis and survival outcomes.
Knowledge mapping of ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease: a bibliometric analysis: 2012–2023
Authors: Li Juanqin , Wang Yanli , Huang Jing , Gong Daokai
Published: August 2024

Background

Ferroptosis is a crucial pathogenic mechanism in Parkinson’s disease, offering significant potential for pharmacological intervention. Despite its importance, the number of bibliometric analyses examining the relationship between ferroptosis and Parkinson’s disease remains limited. This study aims to elucidate the knowledge structure and primary research focuses within this field using various bibliometric tools search.

Materials and methods

We conducted a comprehensive literature son ferroptosis in Parkinson’s disease using the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analyses and visualizations were performed with VOSviewer, examining the geographical and institutional distribution of publications, journal interconnections, and keyword prevalence. Furthermore, CiteSpace was used to visually explore and analyze journal interactions and citation dynamics. The bibliometrix R package facilitated the delineation of collaborative networks across different countries and the construction of visual network representations illustrating relationships among authors, keywords, and journals. Data visualization was further enhanced with Microsoft Office Excel 2021.

Results

Recently, there has been a significant increase in publications on ferroptosis, with China emerging as a leading contributor in this research area. Keyword analysis highlights the critical role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, identifying GPX4 as a key enzyme mitigating lipid peroxidation. This study also elucidates the connections and distinctions between ferroptosis and other cell death processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis. Current research primarily focuses on immunotherapy, prognosis, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusion

This study provides a comprehensive initial analysis of the research landscape, identifying current focal points and potential future directions for ferroptosis research in Parkinson’s disease. The findings leverage a variety of bibliometric methodologies to offer valuable insights into this emerging field.
Multimodal therapy and use of adjunctive therapies to BoNT-A in spasticity management: defining terminology to help enhance spasticity treatment
Authors: Reebye Rajiv , Jacinto Luis Jorge , Balbert Alexander , Biering-Sørensen Bo , Carda Stefano , Draulans Nathalie , Molteni Franco , O’Dell Michael W. , Picelli Alessandro , Santamato Andrea , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica , Walker Heather , Wissel Joerg , Francisco Gerard E.
Published: August 2024

Spasticity management should be provided within the context of a comprehensive person-centered rehabilitation program. Furthermore, active goal setting for specific spasticity interventions is also important, with a well-established “more is better” approach. It is critical to consider adjunctive therapy and multimodal approaches if patients are not attaining their treatment goals. Often used interchangeably, there may be confusion between the terms adjunctive and multimodal therapy. Yet it is imperative to understand the differences between these approaches to achieve treatment goals in spasticity management. Addition of a secondary pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic treatment to optimize the efficacy of the initial modality, such as adding electrical stimulation or casting to BoNT-A, is considered an adjunctive therapy. Adjunctive therapy is time-specific and requires the added therapy be initiated within a specific period to enhance the primary treatment; usually within 2 weeks. Multimodal therapy is an integrated, patient-centric program of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies utilized in a concurrent/integrated or sequential manner to enhance the overall treatment effect across a variety of spasticity-associated impairments (e.g., neural and non-neural components). Moreover, within a multimodal approach, adjunctive therapy can be used to help enhance the treatment effect of one specific modality. The objectives of this paper are to clarify the differences between adjunctive and multimodal therapies, provide a brief evidence-based review of such approaches, and highlight clinical insights on selecting multimodal and adjunctive therapies in spasticity management.
Probiotics—role in alleviating the impact of alcohol liver disease and alcohol deaddiction: a systematic review
Authors: Vidya Bernhardt Grisilda , Shivappa Pooja , R. Pinto Janita , KS Rashmi , Ramakrishna Pillai Jayachithra , Kumar Srinivasamurthy Suresh , Paul Samuel Vijay
Published: August 2024

Background

There are few efficient treatment options for alcohol addiction, which continues to be a serious public health concern. The possible contribution of gut microbiota to the onset and progression of alcohol addiction has been brought to light by recent studies. Probiotics have become a cutting-edge intervention in the treatment of alcohol consumption disorder because of its favorable effects on gut health. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the body of research on the advantages of probiotics in treating alcoholism and associated neuroinflammatory conditions.

Methods

To find pertinent research published from January 2012 to 2023, a thorough search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science, was carried out. Included were studies looking at how probiotics affect neuroinflammation, gut- brain axis regulation, alcohol addiction, and related behaviors.

Findings

Several investigations have shown how beneficial probiotics are in reducing systemic inflammation and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Probiotic treatments successfully corrected the imbalance of microbiota, decreased intestinal permeability, and stopped the passage of bacterial constituents such lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into the bloodstream. Additionally, probiotics helped to regulate neurotransmitter pathways, especially those connected to GABA, glutamate, and dopamine, which are intimately linked to behaviors related to addiction. Furthermore, it was shown that probiotics altered the expression of neurotransmitter signaling and dopamine receptors.

Conclusion

There is strong evidence from this systematic study that probiotics have potential advantages in treating alcohol addiction. The potential of probiotic therapies is demonstrated by the way they modulate important neurotransmitter pathways implicated in addiction, decrease neuroinflammation, and restore the balance of gut flora. To fully investigate the therapeutic potential of probiotics in treating alcohol addiction and enhancing the general wellbeing of those afflicted by this condition, more research is necessary.
Intrinsic impacts of the expression of PD-L1 on postoperative recurrence in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ito Atsushi , Kano Shu , Tarukawa Tomohito , Suzuki Yuta , Sakaguchi Tadashi , Ito Kentaro , Nishii Yoichi , Taguchi Osamu , Yasui Hiroki , Takao Motoshi , Hataji Osamu
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the intrinsic impacts of the expression of PD-L1 on postoperative recurrence and the prognosis in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung adenocarcinomas.

Patients and methods

Data from 221 surgically resected pathological stage IA–IIIA lung adenocarcinomas, collected between 2017 and 2019, were analyzed. This included measurements of EGFR mutations and the PD-L1 expression. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using a Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test. The independent risk factors for RFS were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

Among the patients, 140 were PD-L1-negative (<1%), while 81 were PD-L1-positive (≥1%). PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with male sex (p=0.038), smoking habit (p=0.005), ND2 lymph node dissection (p=0.013), higher malignant subtype (p=0.003), higher histological grade (p=0.001), and advanced pathological stage (p=0.004). Conversely, EGFR mutations were more common in the PD-L1-negative group than in the PD-L1-positive group (p=0.006). Patients were categorized into four groups based on their EGFR mutation status and PD-L1 expression status: PD-L1-positive (≥1%) with or without EGFR mutations (EGFR(+)/PD-L1≥1% or EGFR (–)/PD-L1≥1%), and PD-L1-negative (<1%) with or without EGFR mutations (EGFR(+)/PD-L1<1% or EGFR (–)/PD-L1<1%). Among these groups, EGFR(+)/PD-L1≥1% cases exhibited the worst 5-year RFS (log-rank, p=0.010), while there was no significant difference in 5-year OS (log-rank, p=0.122). Furthermore, a multivariate analysis revealed that PD-L1 positivity was an independent significant factor for RFS in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.013).

Conclusion

PD-L1 positivity emerged as an independent risk factor for RFS in patients with EGFR-mutant resected lung adenocarcinoma. These findings may provide valuable insights into the prognostic impact of PD-L1 expression and guide the implementation of postoperative adjuvant therapy in this patient population.
In silico and in vitro models reveal the molecular mechanisms of hypocontractility caused by TPM1 M8R
Authors: Creso Jenette G. , Gokhan Ilhan , Rynkiewicz Michael J. , Lehman William , Moore Jeffrey R. , Campbell Stuart G.
Published: August 2024

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an inherited disorder often leading to severe heart failure. Linkage studies in affected families have revealed hundreds of different mutations that can cause DCM, with most occurring in genes associated with the cardiac sarcomere. We have developed an investigational pipeline for discovering mechanistic genotype-phenotype relationships in DCM and here apply it to the DCM-linked tropomyosin mutation TPM1 M8R. Atomistic simulations predict that M8R increases flexibility of the tropomyosin chain and enhances affinity for the blocked or inactive state of tropomyosin on actin. Applying these molecular effects to a Markov model of the cardiac thin filament reproduced the shifts in Ca2+sensitivity, maximum force, and a qualitative drop in cooperativity that were observed in an in vitro system containing TPM1 M8R. The model was then used to simulate the impact of M8R expression on twitch contractions of intact cardiac muscle, predicting that M8R would reduce peak force and duration of contraction in a dose-dependent manner. To evaluate this prediction, TPM1 M8R was expressed via adenovirus in human engineered heart tissues and isometric twitch force was observed. The mutant tissues manifested depressed contractility and twitch duration that agreed in detail with model predictions. Additional exploratory simulations suggest that M8R-mediated alterations in tropomyosin-actin interactions contribute more potently than tropomyosin chain stiffness to cardiac twitch dysfunction, and presumably to the ultimate manifestation of DCM. This study is an example of the growing potential for successful in silico prediction of mutation pathogenicity for inherited cardiac muscle disorders.
Effect of Lactiplantibacillus and sea buckthorn pomace on the fermentation quality and microbial community of paper mulberry silage
Authors: Peng Shun , Xie Lingling , Cheng Yuyao , Wang Qiqi , Feng Li , Li Yang , Lei Yonghui , Sun Yanfei
Published: August 2024

Background

Paper mulberry is a promising alternative fodder source due to its high protein and the abundance of active components. However, paper mulberry often faces susceptibility to contamination during silage fermentation, and there is a need to improve the quality of silage fermentation of paper mulberry through exotic additives. Sea buckthorn pomace (BP) is a feed additive containing antimicrobial and antioxidant substances that help to enhance silage fermentation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BP and Lactiplantibacillus as additives on silage fermentation and bacterial community of paper mulberry.

Results

The results showed that BP and Lactiplantibacillus significantly reduced the pH and ammonium nitrogen content of paper mulberry silage (P < 0.05) and significantly increased the content of lactic acid and acetic acid (P < 0.05), resulting in more residual water-soluble carbohydrate and crude protein contents and less fiber content relative to the control. The key microorganisms in paper mulberry silage fermentation are Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and Weissella cibaria. Among these, Lactiplantibacillus favored a rapid increase in Lactiplantibacillus pentosus abundance during the pre-silage fermentation period, whereas BP favored the promotion of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus growth, resulting in higher contents of lactic and acetic acid than those of the control.

Conclusions

Simultaneously adding Lactiplantibacillus and BP can effectively improve the quality of paper mulberry silage and increase the abundance of beneficial microorganisms in paper mulberry silage.
Psychometric properties of the Child and Adolescent PsychProfiler v5: a measure for screening 14 of the most common DSM-5 disorders
Authors: Langsford Shane , Gomez Rapson , Houghton Stephen , Karimi Leila
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The Child and Adolescent PsychProfiler version 5 (CAPP v5, 2014) is a measure for screening 14 common DSM-5 disorders in children and adolescents. The separation of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) by subtype results in 17 screening scales covering the 14 disorders. Theoretically then, the CAPP v5 should have a 17-factor structure, however, to date no published study has confirmed this. Additionally, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the reliability and validity of the screening scales in this measure. These were examined across two different studies. Study 1 examined support for the 17-factor model of the parent-report version of the CAPP (CAPP-PRF) in a large group of adolescents from the general community. It also examined the internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity of the factors in this measure. Study 2 examined the validity of these factors in a clinic-referred group of adolescents.

Methods

In Study 1, 951 parents completed the CAPP-PRF on behalf of their adolescents [mean (standard deviation) = 14.54 years (1.66 years)]. In Study 2, 173 parents completed the CAPP-PRF on behalf of their clinic-referred adolescent children [mean (standard deviation) = 14.5 years (1.84 years)]. Adolescents also completed a number of measures and tests for the purpose of assessing their behavior, IQ, and academic abilities.

Results

The results in Study 1 supported a 17-factor model, and virtually all of the factors in this model showed acceptable reliability (alpha and omega coefficients), and discriminant validity. Study 2 demonstrated good support for the validity of the scales in the CAPP-PRF.

Discussion

These findings indicate acceptable psychometric properties for the CAPP-PRF, and its utility for screening the more common DSM-5 disorders in children and adolescents.
Relationship between horizontal collectivism and social network influence among college students: mediating effect of self-monitoring and moderating effect of self-efficacy
Authors: Yuan Ye , Du Jinchen , Yang Ke , Ge Yifan , Ma Yixuan , Mao Huapei , Xiang Min , Wu Daili
Published: August 2024

Background

The aim of the present study was to investigate the intrinsic relationship between cultural values and social network index among college students. In addition, the present study explored the mediating role of self-monitoring in the relationship between horizontal collectivism cultural values and social network index, as well as the moderating role of self-efficacy, to provide a theoretical approach based on the intrinsic mechanism for college students to establish a good social network.

Methods

A simple random cluster sampling method was used to investigate 376 college students with cultural values scale, self-monitoring scale, self-efficacy scale, and social network index scale, structural equation model was constructed using M-plus and SPSS.

Results

The result indicated that individual horizontal collectivist cultural values positively predict social network index (β = 0.477). Self-monitoring plays an intermediary role between cultural values and social network index, and self-efficacy plays a moderating role between self-monitoring and social network index.

Conclusion

The level of an individual’s social network activity is affected by the cultural values of horizontal collectivism and self-monitoring. Improving individual self-monitoring ability and self-efficacy can effectively improve the interpersonal relationships of college students.
Separateness or wholeness: a qualitative study of the experiences of Asian American female sexual minorities
Authors: Zhang Bin , Park Gilbert , Chang Bo , Du Wenqian
Published: August 2024

This study explored the intersection of race, gender, and sexuality as they pertain to experiences of Asian American female sexual minority (AAFSM) students attending Midwestern universities in the United States through an intersectional lens. The study utilized intersectionality as a theoretical framework, a data generation tool, and a methodological approach to guide the study. The results showed that the participants experienced constructed objectifications, which included gendered, racial, and sexual objectification. The findings also revealed that participants’ race, gender, and sexual orientation were contextualized based on the situation. Further, participants devalued their Asianness, womanhood, and LGBTQness owing to the lack of positive representation in the curriculum. The analyzed data can be best categorized as the lack of intersectional representations in curricula, contextualized race, gender, and sexuality, and reported experiences of constructed objectifications. Discussions provided an inclusive campus environment for participants who were AAFSMs. These discussions also provided meaningful suggestions for educators, administrators, policymakers, and stakeholders to foster an equal and equitable educational environment for students with multiple marginalized identities.
The use of audio-biographical cues in dementia care: a four-year evaluation in Swiss hospitals, care, and domestic homes
Authors: Edwards Heather , Oppikofer Sandra , Aschwanden Damaris
Published: August 2024

Introduction

In dementia care, the integration of innovative interventions is essential to enhancing the wellbeing and quality of life of people with dementia. Among these interventions, the Music Mirror intervention has emerged as a promising tool to provide personalized audio-biographical cues aimed at soothing, motivating, and engaging people with dementia. This study examined the effects of a Music Mirror intervention on the (a) wellbeing, emotions, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of 155 individuals with dementia, (b) perceived burden, relationship quality, and gains of their informal/formal caregivers, and (c) momentary closeness, wellbeing and stress of caregivers.

Methods

This four-year study employed a quasi-experimental waiting-control group design, utilizing before-after measurements in Swiss hospitals, care homes, and domestic homes. For four 6-week intervention phases, Music Mirrors, i.e., brief written resources of acoustic material, associated with practical activities of daily life, were applied at least twice a week by the caregivers during critical moments such as staff handover. Repeated measures' analysis of variance and other tests were used to analyze the data.

Results

Individuals with dementia had a higher wellbeing after the Music Mirror use across different care situations. While the Music Mirrors were played, individuals with dementia showed more positive than negative emotions at each measurement occasion, but emotion scores did not significantly change over time. After the MM use, caregivers felt better, closer to the person with dementia, and less stressed. Caregivers also reported significant gains at the end of the intervention. However, there were no significant changes in the frequency of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, care-related burden and relationship quality over time, regardless of the treatment condition.

Discussion

By incorporating personalized audio-biographical cues into their care routines, the wellbeing of people with dementia was improved as well as it had positive momentary effects on their caregivers. The Music Mirror intervention addresses the preferences and needs of people with dementia and helps build bonds between care-recipients and caregivers. Therefore, Music Mirrors can be seen as a highly adaptive and individualized instrument to improve momentary wellbeing of people with dementia in various care situations during daily life.
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: a critical perspective
Authors: Bird Adrian
Published: August 2024

Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in humans and other vertebrates has been controversial for over 150 years and remains so. It currently depends on the assumption that the environment is able to influence the genome, in particular by altering epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation, and that these acquired markings can enter the germline and affect phenotypes in the next generation. This article will offer a critical overview of some of the evidence beneath these assumptions–particularly regarding mammals. Whilst genome sequencing increasingly strengthens the causal relationship between genotypes and organismal characteristics, the evidence for many potentially important forms of environmentally induced epigenetic inheritance remains inconclusive.
The relative role of religiosity in radicalization: how orthodox and fundamentalist religiosity are linked to violence acceptance
Authors: Demmrich Sarah , Hanel Paul H. P.
Published: August 2024

The role of religiosity in radicalization is a topic of intense debate. To avoid essentializing religion, it is crucial to include a variety of factors that can explain radicalization beyond religiosity. The present study aligns with this approach by building upon the three Ps of radicalization (push, pull, personal factors). It examines the relative role of various forms of religiosity (pull factors) in radicalization within the context of social structure, perceived deprivation (both push factors), and demographic variables (personal factors). We analyzed previously collected data comprising a sample of 1,048 Muslims with Turkish migration background in Germany. Acceptance of active and reactive violence as indicators of radicalization with demography, social-structure position, perceived deprivation, and different forms of religiosity (individual, collective, orthodox, fundamentalist religiosity) were used as predictors. Individual religiosity was a protective factor against reactive violence when controlling for fundamentalism. Fundamentalism emerged as the strongest predictor of the acceptance of reactive violence. Both fundamentalism and orthodox religiosity were positive predictors of active violence. However, these latter effects should be interpreted with caution due to the naturally low acceptance of active violence. Finally, the deprivation-radicalization association was stronger for participants scoring higher on fundamentalism, while medium to high orthodox religiosity was the key factor connecting deprivation to radicalization. Implications are delineated regarding practical strategies, specifically formulated for addressing feelings of deprivation within minority contexts.
A biologically driven model for rural wastewater management: feasibility and efficiency of algal-bacterial biofilm reactors for combined treatment and algae farming
Authors: Mathur Megha , Choudhary Poonam , Sujathan Surya , Naaz Farah , Trenado-Yuste Carolina , Malik Anushree
Published: August 2024

The study investigates the feasibility and performance of an indigenously designed algal-bacterial biofilm reactor (ABR) for treating graywater in rural areas. Focusing on both treatment efficacy and sustainability, the research explored two key areas: optimizing the ABR for efficient graywater treatment and evaluating the use of readily available, low-cost materials for its construction. To achieve this, ABR was optimized to handle the specific characteristics of rural graywater, including potential seasonal variations in nutrient concentrations. The optimized ABR’s adaptability was rigorously assessed across various operational modes—batch, fed-batch, and continuous—demonstrating consistent removal efficiencies for key pollutants (COD, nitrate-nitrogen, total dissolved phosphate, and total ammoniacal nitrogen) under changing conditions. The fiber support-based ABR demonstrated significant pollutant removal from rural graywater: 81% COD reduction, 49.5% nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), 88.46% total dissolved phosphate (TDP), and 83.42% total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) in batch mode. Moreover, there was almost complete removal of total suspended solids (from 142 mg L−1 on Day 1 to 0 mg L−1 on Day 6) and total coliform (39,000 CFU mL−1 to 30 CFU mL−1). Notably, these removal efficiencies remained consistent across fed-batch (and continuous operation modes), showcasing the ABR’s adaptability. This adaptability facilitated a significant increase in treatment capacity, scaling from 3 L treated in batch mode (6 days) to 40 L in fed-batch mode (12 days) and a continuous treatment rate of 20 L per day. Further enhancing the sustainability of this approach, the study successfully employed readily available natural materials like bamboo pipes and sheets for constructing the ABR. This innovative design resulted in a remarkable increase in biomass productivity (9.8 g m−2 day−1) compared to polypropylene fiber-based reactors (4.5 g m−2 day−1) with enhanced treatment potential for all the parameters in batch mode (77.7% COD removal, 86% NO3-N removal, 81% TDP removal, 92% TAN removal, and 100% removal of total coliforms). This is the first reported algae-bacterial biofilm system using bamboo for wastewater treatment, promoting local resource utilization and a bio-based sustainable approach for rural graywater treatment.
Preparation of altrenogest soft capsules and their bioequivalence in gilts
Authors: Xu Jinxia , Ling Lifang , Lan Yanhua , Yuan Ye , Ran Long , Jiang Jiaxin , Huang Xianhui
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Altrenogest (ALT) is widely used to regulate the estrous cycle of sows and mares; however, currently used oral solutions of ALT are deficient in terms of dose accuracy and stability during use. To resolve these problems, we aimed to prepare softgel capsules of ALT with a unit dose equal to the clinically administered dose.

Method

The shell of the softgel capsule was mainly composed of gelatin and glycerol, with titanium dioxide and red iron oxide as masking agents. Using the shake flask method, the contents were screened for ethyl acetate as a lipophilic solubilizing carrier based on soya bean oil. The contents were automatically filled and compressed into softgel capsules by a softgel capsule machine. The quality of the prepared softgel capsules was evaluated through a drug content test, an in vitro release test, and stability studies. Furthermore, bioequivalence studies were conducted with atrenogest oral solution.

Results

The content is an ALT concentration of 2% oil solution and the specification of the softgel is 20 mg/capsule. In in vitro dissolution experiments, the softgel capsules were rapidly disintegrated and released in three different pH buffers, with a cumulative release rate of nearly 100% at 1 h. The softgel capsules were stable at high temperature and under strong light for 10 days, and the concentration of ALT was >99% in the 6-month accelerated and long-term tests. In the bioequivalence study, Tmax of the softgel capsules was 2.20 ± 0.77 h, t1/2 was 6.36 ± 1.74 h, and Cmax was 64.65 ± 20.69 ng/ml. The main pharmacokinetic parameters Tmax, Cmax, AUC0−t, and AUC0−∞, did not differ significantly between the softgel capsules and the commercially available ALT oral solution (P > 0.05), and bioequivalence was demonstrated within the 90% confidence interval.

Conclusion

The prepared softgel capsules have the advantages of higher content, ease of use with accurate dosing, good stability, and equivalence to ALT oral solution, implying that our softgels are ready for clinical use.
Development and Experimentation of a Real-Time Greenhouse Positioning System Based on IUKF-UWB
Authors: Li Minghua , Gao Hongyan , Zhao Mingxue , Mao Hanping
Published: August 2024

To mitigate the challenges posed by the confined spatial environment of greenhouses and various obstacles that frequently cause non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication issues in ultra-wideband (UWB) localization systems, leading to localization difficulties and low accuracy, we propose a real-time greenhouse localization system that recognizes UWB ranging values prior to correction. First, the initial ranging value is obtained through double-sided two-way ranging (DS-TWR). Subsequently, a communication state identifier is designed based on the residual distribution of ranging values across two UWB communication modes. A correction model is then established by analyzing the causes of ranging value deviations. Finally, the NLOS localization deviation is corrected using an improved unscented Kalman filter (IUKF) algorithm. Experimental results in the greenhouse environment demonstrate that the proposed algorithm enhances positioning accuracy by 68% compared to the uncorrected localization method, offering a valuable reference for localization services in greenhouse settings.
Appraisal of Post-Harvest Drying and Storage Operations in Africa: Perspectives on Enhancing Grain Quality
Authors: Baidhe Emmanuel , Clementson Clairmont L. , Senyah Judith , Hammed Ademola
Published: August 2024

Grain quality is largely driven by grain infrastructure (technology) and handling practices (application of knowledge on handling). The use of inappropriate infrastructure and inappropriate handling protocols poses food safety and health-related risks. This review provides evidence for the link between drying and storage operations in the context of preserving grain quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the close grain quality relationship between drying and storage, with an appraisal of operations in Africa. This study further benchmarked successful and scalable models in Africa to infer guidance for promotion of optimal and effective drying and storage initiatives. While open-sun drying is undoubtedly the most adopted approach to grain drying for the rural-poor farmers, this study revealed greater success in grain storage, especially with the breakthrough at the introduction and adoption of small-scale hermetic storage technologies. Upon assessment of the cob, WFP Zero Food Loss Initiative, and AflaSight models implemented in Rwanda and Uganda, this study suggests: (i) the adoption of system thinking; (ii) the use of sustainable approaches such as gender inclusion, sustainable financing options, and use of existing infrastructures along-side novel interventions; and (iii) enabling policies and political will as strategic pathways for successful implementation of improved grain-quality interventions during drying and storage. In the short term, grain handlers must develop appropriate grain management protocols during open-sun drying to limit the impact of drying-related grain quality deterioration. Consortia-based implementation of the three models evaluated in this review could improve grain quality, food security and safety, and market linkages with premium grain markets, fostering economic growth and transformation.
Yield Stability and Adaptability of Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Varieties in Polish Organic Field Trials
Authors: Lenartowicz Tomasz , Bujak Henryk , Przystalski Marcin , Piecuch Karolina , Jończyk Krzysztof , Feledyn-Szewczyk Beata
Published: August 2024

In the next few years, the demand for organic crops, including barley, will grow. Barley is one of the world’s most important crops cultivated for food and feed. With the forecasted increase in cropped area, there is a need for stable, well-adapted and high-yielding varieties. The aim of this study was to assess the yield stability of ten varieties tested in the Polish organic post-registration trials in the years 2020–2022. For this purpose, we fitted a linear mixed model on plot data. Additionally, for each variety, we calculated the probability of the yield falling to a certain threshold. It is shown that the Bente variety was the highest-yielding among the tested varieties. The Pilote variety was the most stable in terms of Shukla’s stability variance. Furthermore, for the three highest-yielding varieties, the lowest values of the simultaneous selection index and the probability of falling below a certain threshold were obtained. We can, therefore, conclude that the highest-yielding varieties should be promoted for cultivation. Moreover, new varieties suitable for organic farming can be bred from the highest-yielding and most stable varieties.
Functional Activity of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells Enhanced by CAR-CD19 Modification or by Soluble Bispecific Antibody Blinatumomab
Authors: Zaninelli Silvia , Panna Silvia , Tettamanti Sarah , Melita Giusi , Doni Andrea , D’Autilia Francesca , Valgardsdottir Rut , Gotti Elisa , Rambaldi Alessandro , Golay Josée , Introna Martino
Published: August 2024

Strategies to increase the anti-tumor efficacy of cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) include genetic modification with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or the addition of soluble T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Here, CIKs were modified using a transposon system integrating two distinct anti-CD19 CARs (CAR-MNZ and CAR-BG2) or combined with soluble CD3xCD19 BsAb blinatumomab (CIK + Blina). CAR-MNZ bearing the CD28-OX40-CD3ζ signaling modules, and CAR-BG2, designed on the Tisagenlecleucel CAR sequence (Kymriah®), carrying the 4-1BB and CD3ζ signaling elements, were employed. After transfection and CIK expansion, cells expressed CAR-CD19 to a similar extent (35.9% CAR-MNZ and 17.7% CAR-BG2). In vitro evaluations demonstrated robust proliferation and cytotoxicity (~50% cytotoxicity) of CARCIK-MNZ, CARCIK-BG2, and CIK + Blina against CD19+ target cells, suggesting similar efficacy. All effectors formed an increased number of synapses, activated NFAT and NFkB, and secreted IL-2 and IFN-ɣ upon encountering targets. CIK + Blina displayed strongest NFAT and IFN-ɣ induction, whereas CARCIK-BG2 demonstrated superior synapse formation. All the effectors have shown therapeutic activity in vivo against the CD19+ Daudi tumor model, with CARCIK cells showing a more durable response compared to CIK + Blina, likely due to the short half-life of Blina in this model.
Goat Milk Supplementation Modulates the Mitochondrial Metabolic Flexibility and Orexin-A Levels Influencing the Inflammatory Pattern in Rats
Authors: Petrella Lidia , Polito Rita , Catapano Angela , Santillo Antonella , Ciliberti Maria Giovanna , Sevi Agostino , Messina Antonietta , Cavaliere Gina , Marino Francesca , Polverino Maria Grazia , Messina Giovanni , Monda Marcellino , Mollica Maria Pina , Crispino Marianna , Cimmino Fabiano , Albenzio Marzia , Trinchese Giovanna
Published: August 2024

Milk and its derivatives are included in a balanced diet of humans as excellent sources of proteins, vitamins, and essential minerals that are functional nutrients. Knowledge about the nutritional benefits or harms due to milk consumption has been expanding in recent years. We previously explored, in rodent models, the metabolic effects of isoenergetic intake of milk derived from cows, donkeys, or humans, while the impact of goat’s milk intake has remained unexplored. The aim of this work was to investigate, in an animal model, the effects of dietary supplementation with goat’s milk on energy homeostasis and inflammatory state, focusing on the modulation of mitochondrial functions in most metabolically active organs, such as skeletal muscle and the liver. In addition, we highlighted a link between nutrient intake, substrate metabolism, and the orexinergic system. Our results indicate that goat milk improves mitochondrial oxidative capacity and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in both organs. Notably, goat milk lowers the circulating levels of Orexin-A, a neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in regulating peripheral energy balance and central nervous system mechanisms. These data provide the first evidence that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of goat milk are mediated by the modulation of mitochondrial functions and orexinergic signaling.
Gut Microbiota-Derived Trimethylamine Promotes Inflammation with a Potential Impact on Epigenetic and Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Bordoni Laura , Petracci Irene , Feliziani Giulia , de Simone Gaia , Rucci Chiara , Gabbianelli Rosita
Published: August 2024

Trimethylamine (TMA), a byproduct of gut microbiota metabolism from dietary precursors, is not only the precursor of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) but may also affect gut health. An in vitro model of intestinal epithelium of Caco-2 cells was used to evaluate the impact of TMA on inflammation, paracellular permeability, epigenetics and mitochondrial functions. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β) increased significantly after 24 h exposure to TMA 1 mM. TMA exposure was associated with an upregulation of SIRT1 (TMA 1 mM, 400 μM, 10 μM) and DNMT1 (TMA 1 mM, 400 µM) genes, while DNMT3A expression decreased (TMA 1 mM). In a cell-free model, TMA (from 0.1 µM to 1 mM) induced a dose-dependent reduction in Sirtuin enzyme activity. In Caco-2 cells, TMA reduced total ATP levels and significantly downregulated ND6 expression (TMA 1 mM). TMA excess (1 mM) reduced intracellular mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and increased the methylation of the light-strand promoter in the D-loop area of mtDNA. Also, TMA (1 mM, 400 µM, 10 µM) increased the permeability of Caco-2 epithelium, as evidenced by the reduced transepithelial electrical resistance values. Based on our preliminary results, TMA excess might promote inflammation in intestinal cells and disturb epigenetic and mitochondrial homeostasis.
Role of NADPH Oxidases in Stroke Recovery
Authors: Choi Dong-Hee , Choi In-Ae , Lee Jongmin
Published: August 2024

Stroke is one of the most significant causes of death and long-term disability globally. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase (NOX) plays an important role in exacerbating oxidative stress and causing neuronal damage after a stroke. There is growing evidence that NOX inhibition prevents ischemic injury and that the role of NOX in brain damage or recovery depends on specific post-stroke phases. In addition to studies on post-stroke neuroprotection by NOX inhibition, recent reports have also demonstrated the role of NOX in stroke recovery, a critical process for brain adaptation and functional reorganization after a stroke. Therefore, in this review, we investigated the role of NOX in stroke recovery with the aim of integrating preclinical findings into potential therapeutic strategies to improve stroke recovery.
The Effect of Diagenetic Modifications on Porosity Development in the Upper Ordovician to Lower Silurian Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations, Southeast Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Dong Tian , He Zhiliang , Hu Kun , Gao Jian , Li Shuangjian , Wang Chuan
Published: August 2024

Diagenesis has been demonstrated to significantly affect porosity development in shale reservoirs, however, the effect of diagenetic modifications on shale pore structures is still unclear. For clarifying this issue, this paper focuses on the Upper Ordovician to Lower Silurian Wufeng and Longmaxi shales, which are the only commercially gas-produced shale plays in China. This study aims to reveal the influence of diagenetic alterations on the WF-LMX shale reservoir quality by integrating total organic carbon (TOC) content, X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-temperature gas (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption experiments, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), and cathodoluminescence (CL) analyses. Three major shale lithofacies were identified, mainly including siliceous, siliceous–argillaceous mixed, and argillaceous shale; the siliceous shale has a relatively high TOC content. The organic pores, intergranular pores, intragranular pores, and fractures are generally developed in the WF-LMX shales. The pore volume (PV) and specific surface area (SSA) of micropores, mesopores, and macropores of siliceous shales are higher than those of mixed shales and argillaceous shales. The TOC content has a strongly positive correlation with PV and SSA for micropores and mesopores. After combustion, the PV and SSA of micropores and mesopores were decreased, whereas the PV and SSA of macropore were significantly increased. In the siliceous shale, organic pore is the dominant pore type due to the fact that a large amount of authigenic microcrystalline quartz aggregates can protect organic pores from compaction. The argillaceous shale has high clay and low TOC content, and the dominant pore type is pores between clay flakes. The siliceous shale has a relatively high TOC content, large PV and SSA, and so are the dessert lithofacies for shale gas exploration.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Building Design Parameters for Cost Reduction and CO2 Emission Control Using Four Different Algorithms
Authors: Canbolat Ahmet Serhan , Albak Emre İsa
Published: August 2024

Thermal insulation applications on the exterior facades of buildings have been the subject of numerous studies from the past to the present. Some of these studies focus on the cost reduction effect of insulation, while others emphasize its ecological benefits. In this study, multi-objective optimization, the objectives of which are minimum cost and minimum CO2 emission, has been carried out with the NSGA-II method. In emission calculations, in addition to fuel-related emissions, the carbon footprint of all materials comprising the wall has also been included. The multi-objective optimization study examined four design variables: wall thickness, wall material (light concrete, reinforced concrete, and brick), insulation material (expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, mineral wool, and polyurethane foam), and heating source (natural gas, electricity, fuel oil). Analyses have been carried out for four cities (Osmaniye, Bursa, Isparta, and Erzurum), which are located in different climatic regions, and considering solar radiation effects. An existing building has been taken as the base case scenario, and the study has determined the improvements in the total cost and the amount of CO2 released into the environment when the appropriate insulation material, insulation thickness, wall material, and heating source identified in the multi-objective optimization study have been used. At the cost-oriented optimum point in the study, the most suitable insulation material was found to be expanded polystyrene, the most suitable wall material was brick, and the most suitable heating source was natural gas. In the CO2-oriented optimum, in contrast to the cost-oriented approach, optimal results have been obtained when light concrete was selected as the wall material.
Palatability Testing of Spray-Dried Animal Plasma-Infused Dog Foods and Treats
Authors: Kazimierska Katarzyna , Biel Wioletta , Iwański Robert
Published: August 2024

The global pet food market is expanding rapidly, and there is a growing interest in sustainable, high-quality ingredients. Spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP), a protein-rich by-product with immune-boosting properties, is gaining attention as a potential additive. This study aimed to evaluate the palatability of dog products containing SDAP. Three types of canine products (dry food, wet food, and treats) with varying concentrations of SDAP (0%, 1%, 2%, and 4%) were tested. The study used a two-bowl preference method involving 20 dogs of different breeds, ages, and weights. Results indicated that a 2% SDAP concentration significantly increased the palatability of each dog food compared to control diets without SDAP, while higher concentrations (4%) negatively impacted it. For dry food and treats, the inclusion of 1% SDAP showed marginal effects on palatability. Statistical analyses revealed no significant correlation between the dogs’ sex or product type and their preference for SDAP-containing products (p > 0.05). This preliminary research supports the inclusion of SDAP in dog foods, particularly at optimal levels (2%), to enhance palatability and meet the nutritional needs of dogs while addressing sustainability in pet food production.