bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multipath Payment Scheme Supporting Proof of Payment
Authors: Qian Hangguan , You Lin
Published: January 2022

Blockchain technology has always been plagued by performance problems. Given this problem, many scaling schemes have been put forward. A layer 2 network is a technology that solves the performance problem of blockchain. Connected parties in this network can set up channels to send digital currency to each other. Since the interaction with the blockchain is only required when the channel is established and closed, a large number of transactions do not need to be recorded on the blockchain, thus reducing the blockchain capacity. Due to the special structure of the payment channel, the distribution of funds in the channel is often unbalanced, which limits the route payment to a certain extent. This paper improves the original payment method in the second layer network by introducing new scripts. The new payment scheme supports proof of payment which is integral to the nature of the lightning network and divides the payment into several subpayments, so the large payment can be divided into relatively small payments. Due to the capacity limitation of the payment channel, theoretically, the success rate of the micropayment route is higher. This paper tests the new payment scheme on the simulated network and validates the nature of this solution to have a high routing success rate while supporting proof of payment.
Quantification of the Selective Advantage of Driver Mutations Is Dependent on the Underlying Model and Stage of Tumor Evolution
Authors: Bozic Ivana
Published: January 2022

Measuring the selective fitness advantages provided by driver mutations has the potential to facilitate a precise quantitative understanding of cancer evolution. However, accurately measuring the selective advantage of driver mutations has remained a challenge in the field. Early studies reported small selective advantages of drivers, on the order of 1%, whereas newer studies report much larger selective advantages, as high as 1,200%. In this article, we argue that the calculated selective advantages of cancer drivers are dependent on the underlying mathematical model and stage of cancer evolution and that comparisons of numerical values of selective advantage without regard for the underlying model and stage can lead to spurious conclusions.
Antibody–Drug Conjugates: A New Addition to the Treatment Landscape of EGFR-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lim Sun Min , Kim Chang Gon , Cho Byoung Chul
Published: January 2022

The emergence of treatment resistance to targeted agents is currently inevitable and inherently heterogeneous in cancer, presenting significant challenges for improving survival outcomes in patients. This is not an exception for cancers harboring EGFR mutations, one of the most prevalently observed oncogenic alterations in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) targeted clinically. Currently, numerous efforts have attempted to delay or overcome acquired resistance to EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), changing the treatment landscape of EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Haikala and colleagues have developed a unique strategy using patritumab deruxtecan, an antibody–drug conjugate targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) linked to exatecan derivatives, for treating EGFR-mutant NSCLC. By incorporating EGFR TKIs to upregulate surface HER3 expression, the antitumor efficacy of patritumab deruxtecan was augmented in various preclinical models. In parallel, Jänne and colleagues reported the clinical activity of patrimumab deruxtecan in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC with prior EGFR TKI treatment. These two studies provide the grounds for hopeful anticipation for a novel strategy that concurrently targets compensatory feedback loops in addition to oncogenic signaling pathways.

See related article by Haikala et al., p. 130
Abstract P057: Targeting Treg cells with GITR activation alleviates resistance to immunotherapy in murine glioblastomas
Authors: Amoozgar Zohreh , Kloepper Jonas , Ren Jun , Tay Rong En , Kazer Samuel W. , Kiner Evgeny , Krishnan Shanmugarajan , Posada Jessica M. , Ghosh Mitrajit , Mamessier Emilie , Wong Christina , Ferraro Gino B. , Batista Ana , Wang Nancy , Badeaux Mark , Roberge Sylvie , Xu Lei , Huang Peigen , Shalek Alex K. , Fukumura Dai , Kim Hye-Jung , Jain Rakesh K.
Published: January 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) shows high level of resistance to currently available treatments including the standard of care and immunotherapy, representing the most fatal cancer type. Our study revealed that immune suppression by regulatory T cells (Treg) secondary to therapy with immune checkpoint blocker (anti-PD1) confers this resistance. In the GBM tumor microenvironment, Treg cells with increased suppressive phenotype were found of which frequency and anergic phenotype increase after ICB therapy, potentially contributing to the resistance. Targeting Treg has a dual-barreled effect on enhancing anti-tumor immunity: GBM is highly infiltrated with Treg while CD8 T cells are excluded. In view of Treg's intrinsic reactivity to self-antigens, mobilizing converted Treg as effector T cells can be an effective strategy to a tumor type that expresses a low level of neoantigens including GBM. Our study revealed that GITR (glucocorticoid induced TNFR family related protein) is a desirable therapeutic target based on its increased expression on GBM Tregs as compared to peripheral Tregs. Engagement of GITR with agonistic antibody led to conversion of Treg to Th1-like effector T cells, which is accompanied with downregulation of Helios and IL-10 expression that are associated with Treg suppressive function. Through combining anti-GITR with anti-PD1 therapy, tumor recognition by converted Treg and CD8 T cells could be enhanced via IFNg induced promotion of MHC class I and II expression by GBM cells, which also resulted in T cell memory formation in the long-term survivors. To obtain clinically relevant information, we established a standard of care regimen consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy for orthotopic mouse GBM. We found that the anti-GITR +anti-PD1 therapy tailored to the GBM specific TME synergizes with the standard of care, suggesting a translational potential in patients.

Citation Format: Zohreh Amoozgar, Jonas Kloepper, Jun Ren, Rong En Tay, Samuel W. Kazer, Evgeny Kiner, Shanmugarajan Krishnan, Jessica M. Posada, Mitrajit Ghosh, Emilie Mamessier, Christina Wong, Gino B. Ferraro, Ana Batista, Nancy Wang, Mark Badeaux, Sylvie Roberge, Lei Xu, Peigen Huang, Alex K. Shalek, Dai Fukumura, Hye-Jung Kim, Rakesh K. Jain. Targeting Treg cells with GITR activation alleviates resistance to immunotherapy in murine glioblastomas [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2021 Oct 5-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(1 Suppl):Abstract nr P057.
Investigating the residential electricity consumption-income nexus in Morocco: a stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology analysis
Authors: Haouraji Charifa , Mounir Badia , Mounir Ilham , Elmazouzi Laila , Farchi Abdelmajid
Published: January 2022

In a comprehensive LMDI-STIRPAT-ARDL framework, this research investigates the residential electricity consumption (REC)-income nexus in Morocco for the period 1990 to 2018. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) results show that economic activity and electricity intensity are the leading drivers of Morocco’s REC, followed by population and residential structure. And then, the LMDI analysis was combined with stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) analysis and the bounds testing approach to search for a long-run equilibrium relationship. The empirical results show that REC, economic growth, urbanization, and electricity intensity are cointegrated. The results further show that there exists a U-shaped relationship between per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and REC: an increase in per capita GDP reduces REC initially; but, after reaching a turning point (the GDPPC level of 17,145.22 Dh), further increases in per capita GDP increase REC. Regarding urbanization, the results reveal that it has no significant impact on Morocco’s REC. The stability parameters of the short and long-term coefficients of residential electricity demand function are tested. The results of these tests showed a stable pattern. Finally, based on the findings mentioned above, policy implications for guiding the country's development and electricity planning under energy and environmental constraints are given.
Reliable e-nose for air toxicity monitoring by filter diagonalization method
Authors: Macías-Quijas Ricardo , Velázquez Ramiro , Fazio Roberto De , Visconti Paolo , Giannoccaro Nicola Ivan , Lay-Ekuakille Aimé
Published: January 2022

This paper introduces a compact, affordable electronic nose (e-nose) device devoted to detect the presence of toxic compounds that could affect human health, such as carbon monoxide, combustible gas, hydrogen, methane, and smoke, among others. Such artificial olfaction device consists of an array of six metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors and a computer-based information system for signal acquisition, processing, and visualization. This study further proposes the use of the filter diagonalization method (FDM) to extract the spectral contents of the signals obtained from the sensors. Preliminary results show that the prototype is functional and that the FDM approach is suitable for a later classification stage. Example deployment scenarios of the proposed e-nose include indoor facilities (buildings and warehouses), compromised air quality places (mines and sanitary landfills), public transportation, mobile robots, and wireless sensor networks.
Super-capacitor energy storage system to recuperate regenerative braking energy in elevator operation of high buildings
Authors: Thu Anh An Thi Hoai , Duc Luong Huynh
Published: January 2022

In operating phases of elevators, accelerating, braking modes occur frequently, so braking energy recuperation of elevators has contributed considerably to decrease the total electric energy consumption for operating elevators in multi-floor buildings. In this paper, the supercapacitor energy storage system is used to recover regenerative braking energy of elevators when they operate down full-load and up no-load, reducing fluctuation of voltage on DC bus as well. Therefore, super-capacitor energy storage system (SCESS) will be parallel with line utility to recuperate regenerative braking energy in braking phase and support energy for acceleration phase. The surplus energy will be stored in the supercapacitors thanks to a DC-DC converter capable of exchanging energy bidirectionally in buck/boost modes, and designing control strategy including two control loops. Inner loop-current loop: controlling charge/discharge process of supercapacitors by current iL complying with operation characteristic of elevator; Outer loop-voltage loop: managing UDC-link at a fixed value. Simulation results with elevator system of the ten-floor building, Hanoi, Vietnam installed SCESS have been verified on MATLAB Simulink, SimPowerSystem with saving energy level about 30%.
Evaluation of the carotid artery using wavelet-based analysis of the pulse wave signal
Authors: El-Sharo Sameh , Al-Ghraibah Amani , Al-Nabulsi Jamal , Matalgah Mustafa Muhammad
Published: January 2022

The use of pulse wave analysis may assist cardiologists in diagnosing patients with vascular diseases. However, it is not common in clinical practice to interpret and analyze pulse wave data and utilize them to detect the abnormalities of the signal. This paper presents a novel approach to the clinical application of pulse waveform analysis using the wavelet technique by decomposing the normal and pathology signal into many levels. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) decomposes the carotid arterial pulse wave (CAPW) signal, and the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) creates images of the decomposed signal. The wavelet analysis technique in this work aims to strengthen the medical benefits of the pulse wave. The obtained results show a clear difference between the signal and the images of the arterial pathologies in comparison with normal ones. The certain distinct that were achieved are promising but further improvement may be required in the future.
The challenges of emotion recognition methods based on electroencephalogram signals: a literature review
Authors: Agus Wirawan I Made , Wardoyo Retantyo , Lelono Danang
Published: January 2022

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in recognizing emotions have several advantages. Still, the success of this study, however, is strongly influenced by: i) the distribution of the data used, ii) consider of differences in participant characteristics, and iii) consider the characteristics of the EEG signals. In response to these issues, this study will examine three important points that affect the success of emotion recognition packaged in several research questions: i) What factors need to be considered to generate and distribute EEG data?, ii) How can EEG signals be generated with consideration of differences in participant characteristics?, and iii) How do EEG signals with characteristics exist among its features for emotion recognition? The results, therefore, indicate some important challenges to be studied further in EEG signals-based emotion recognition research. These include i) determine robust methods for imbalanced EEG signals data, ii) determine the appropriate smoothing method to eliminate disturbances on the baseline signals, iii) determine the best baseline reduction methods to reduce the differences in the characteristics of the participants on the EEG signals, iv) determine the robust architecture of the capsule network method to overcome the loss of knowledge information and apply it in more diverse data set.
Microstrip band-stop filter based on double negative metamaterial
Authors: Nasiri Badr , Errkik Ahmed , Zbitou Jamal
Published: January 2022

In this work, we present a novel miniature band stop filter based on double negative metamaterial, this circuit is designed on a low-cost substrate FR-4 of relative permittivity 4.4 and low tangential losses 0.002. The proposed filter has a compact and miniature size of 15 mm in length and 12mm in width without the 50 Ω feed lines. The resonator was studied and analyzed with a view to achieving a band-stop behavior around its resonant frequency. The band-stop characteristics are obtained by implementing the metamaterial resonator on the final structure. The obtained results show that this microstrip filter achieves fractional bandwidth of 40% at 2 GHz. Furthermore, excellent transmission quality and good attenuation are achieved. This filter is an adequate solution for global system for mobile communications (GSM).
Adaptive 3D ray tracing approach for indoor radio signal prediction at 3.5 GHz
Authors: Kamaruddin Mohd Nazeri , Geok Tan Kim , Aziz Omar Abdul , Rahman Tharek Abd , Hossain Ferdous , Aziz Azlan Abdul
Published: January 2022

This paper explained an adaptive ray tracing technique in modelling indoor radio wave propagation. As compared with conventional ray tracing approach, the presented ray tracing approach offers an optimized method to trace the travelling radio signal by introducing flexibility and adaptive features in ray launching algorithm in modelling the radio wave for indoor scenarios. The simulation result was compared with measurements data for verification. By analyzing the results, the proposed adaptive technique showed a better improvement in simulation time, power level and coverage in modelling the radio wave propagation for indoor scenario and may benefit in the development of signal propagation simulators for future technologies.
COVID-19 impact on Facebook-based social commerce in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Samsul , Rahman Md. Minhajur
Published: January 2022

Popular social media Facebook-oriented social commerce (S-commerce), commonly known as Facebook commerce (F-commerce) has progressed towards a bevy business in Bangladesh. Many young people, especially at the age of 20-28, are now in this industry. The pandemic situation due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) forces people to buy more from the online market because of the safety issue. People are getting more interested in the new trend of buying from an online store. The current study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on F-commerce, particularly in Bangladesh. It uses the non-probability purposive sampling method and collects 181 usable responses through an online questionnaire. A research model is developed following the social commerce acceptance model (SCAM), and structural equation model partial least square (SEM-PLS) using SmartPLS 3.0 is applied to find out and justify the result. Likert five-point scale for determining the independent variables, including COVID-19 awareness (CA), consumer behavior (CB), and purchase intention (PI), is used. The study result confirms that these three variables have a positive impact on F-commerce. The survey covers other measurable items that indicate some assumptions, which reflect F-commerce consumers’ behavior. The researchers recommend that F-commerce businesspeople must emphasize on mitigating trust issues and provide enhanced home delivery service.
A new proactive feature selection model based on the enhanced optimization algorithms to detect DRDoS attacks
Authors: Nuiaa Riyadh Rahef , Manickam Selvakumar , Alsaeedi Ali Hakem , Alomari Esraa Saleh
Published: January 2022

Cyberattacks have grown steadily over the last few years. The distributed reflection denial of service (DRDoS) attack has been rising, a new variant of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. DRDoS attacks are more difficult to mitigate due to the dynamics and the attack strategy of this type of attack. The number of features influences the performance of the intrusion detection system by investigating the behavior of traffic. Therefore, the feature selection model improves the accuracy of the detection mechanism also reduces the time of detection by reducing the number of features. The proposed model aims to detect DRDoS attacks based on the feature selection model, and this model is called a proactive feature selection model proactive feature selection (PFS). This model uses a nature-inspired optimization algorithm for the feature subset selection. Three machine learning algorithms, i.e., k-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM), were evaluated as the potential classifier for evaluating the selected features. We have used the CICDDoS2019 dataset for evaluation purposes. The performance of each classifier is compared to previous models. The results indicate that the suggested model works better than the current approaches providing a higher detection rate (DR), a low false-positive rate (FPR), and increased accuracy detection (DA). The PFS model shows better accuracy to detect DRDoS attacks with 89.59%.
Expansion dataset COVID-19 chest X-ray using data augmentation and histogram equalization
Authors: Alkhalid Farah Flayeh , Albayati Abdulhakeem Qusay , Alhammad Ahmed Ali
Published: January 2022

The main important factor that plays vital role in success the deep learning is the deep training by many and many images, if neural networks are getting bigger and bigger but the training datasets are not, then it sounds like going to hit an accuracy wall. Briefly, this paper investigates the current state of the art of approaches used for a data augmentation for expansion the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) chest X-ray images using different data augmentation methods (transformation and enhancement) the dataset expansion helps to rise numbers of images from 138 to 5520, the increasing rate is 3,900%, this proposed model can be used to expand any type of image dataset, in addition, the dataset have used with convolutional neural network (CNN) model to make classification if detected infection with COVID-19 in X-ray, the results have gotten high training accuracy=99%
Gender recognition from unconstrained selfie images: a convolutional neural network approach
Authors: Bekhet Saddam , Alghamdi Abdullah M. , F. Taj-Eddin Islam
Published: January 2022

Human gender recognition is an essential demographic tool. This is reflected in forensic science, surveillance systems and targeted marketing applications. This research was always driven using standard face images and hand-crafted features. Such way has achieved good results, however, the reliability of the facial images had a great effect on the robustness of extracted features, where any small change in the query facial image could change the results. Nevertheless, the performance of current techniques in unconstrained environments is still inefficient, especially when contrasted against recent breakthroughs in different computer vision research. This paper introduces a novel technique for human gender recognition from non-standard selfie images using deep learning approaches. Selfie photos are uncontrolled partial or full-frontal body images that are usually taken by people themselves in real-life environment. As far as we know this is the first paper of its kind to identify gender from selfie photos, using deep learning approach. The experimental results on the selfie dataset emphasizes the proposed technique effectiveness in recognizing gender from such images with 89% accuracy. The performance is further consolidated by testing on numerous benchmark datasets that are widely used in the field, namely: Adience, LFW, FERET, NIVE, Caltech WebFaces and
CAS-PEAL-R1.
Simulation and performance assessment of a modified throttled load balancing algorithm in cloud computing environment
Authors: Elnagar Noha G. , F. Elkabbany Ghada , A. Al-Awamry Amr , Abdelhalim Mohamed B.
Published: January 2022

Load balancing is crucial to ensure scalability, reliability, minimize response time, and processing time and maximize resource utilization in cloud computing. However, the load fluctuation accompanied with the distribution of a huge number of requests among a set of virtual machines (VMs) is challenging and needs effective and practical load balancers. In this work, a two listed throttled load balancer (TLT-LB) algorithm is proposed and further simulated using the CloudAnalyst simulator. The TLT-LB algorithm is based on the modification of the conventional TLB algorithm to improve the distribution of the tasks between different VMs. The performance of the TLT-LB algorithm compared to the TLB, round robin (RR), and active monitoring load balancer (AMLB) algorithms has been evaluated using two different configurations. Interestingly, the TLT-LB significantly balances the load between the VMs by reducing the loading gap between the heaviest loaded and the lightest loaded VMs to be 6.45% compared to 68.55% for the TLB and AMLB algorithms. Furthermore, the TLT-LB algorithm considerably reduces the average response time and processing time compared to the TLB, RR, and AMLB algorithms.
Operational transconductance amplifier-based comparator for high frequency applications using 22 nm FinFET technology
Authors: Gowdagere Vasudeva , Bidikinamane Venkataramanaiah Uma
Published: January 2022

Fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) based analog circuits are gaining importance over metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) based circuits with stability and high frequency operations. Comparator that forms the sub block of most of the analog circuits is designed using operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The OTA is designed using new design procedures and the comparator circuit is designed integrating the sub circuits with OTA. The building blocks of the comparator design such as input level shifter, differential pair with cascode stage and class AB amplifier for output swing are designed and integrated. Folded cascode circuit is used in the feedback path to maintain the common mode input value to a constant, so that the differential pair amplifies the differential signal. The gain of the comparator is achieved to be greater than 100 dB, with phase margin of 65°, common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of above 70 dB and output swing from rail to rail. The circuit provides unity gain bandwidth of 5 GHz and is suitable for high sampling rate data converter circuits.
Lutas negras no Largo da Banana
Authors: Siqueira Renata Monteiro
Published: January 2022

O largo da Banana, associado aos primórdios do samba paulistano, é tido por território negro de resistência pretérita e antinômica à “modernidade”. Cotejando essa construção simbólica com documentos que lhe deram base, sugiro que ele abrigou lutas negras heterogêneas e posteriores à origem do samba. Inquiro expectativas de raça, classe e cultura que informaram a produção de um acervo do mis-sp e estudos que o mobilizaram a partir dos anos 1970, enredados nos debates sobre autenticidade, cultura negra e relações raciais. Analiso o discurso dos carnavalescos sobre o “berço” do samba à luz de ambições profissionais, por prestígio e respeitabilidade, laterais aos interesses dos pesquisadores, mas centrais para como eles significavam sua história.
Un análisis de contenido de libros de texto para la alfabetización emancipadora de adultos en el contexto educativo poscolonial. El caso de la Amazonia brasileña en los años 1980
Authors: Silva Fabricio Valentim da , Éthier Marc-André , Demers Stéphanie
Published: January 2022

Esta investigación se centra en el estudio de la noción de emancipación en libros didácticos de inspiración freireana que sirvieron a la alfabetización de adultos en el contexto de la educación postcolonial en el norte de Brasil, entre los años 1960 y 1980. Este estudio se apoya en la metodología del análisis de contenido de libros de texto y en la literatura sobre la Educación a la Ciudadanía, pues el objetivo central fue construir y evaluar la solidez de un modelo conceptual de alfabetización emancipadora a través de tres pasos metodológicos para analizar los contenidos en libros de texto que son favorables para el desarrollo de dicho tipo de alfabetización. Se constató que en la muestra estudiada los tipos del ciudadano orientado a la justicia o de ciudadano participativo forman parte de los criterios primordiales que ayudan a definir los contenidos de libros de texto favorables a una alfabetización emancipadora.
Centenário de Paulo Freire: entrevista com Moacir Gadotti
Authors: Soares Ismar de Oliveira
Published: January 2022

Moacir Gadotti completou 80 anos em outubro deste ano em plena atividade. O professor é licenciado em pedagogia e filosofia, mestre em filosofia da educação pela PUC-SP, doutor em ciências da educação pela Universidade de Genebra, na Suíça, e livre-docente pela Universidade de Campinas. Atualmente está aposentado da Faculdade de Educação da USP e é presidente de honra do Instituto Paulo Freire. Nesta entrevista a Ismar Soares, Gadotti nos presenteia com uma recuperação histórica da trajetória de Paulo Freire, com quem compartilhou uma longa relação de proximidade e amizade. Traz também um generoso relato das suas impressões sobre o autor e suas obras e explica como o Instituto está revisitando Paulo Freire ao pensar na educação do futuro a partir da sua práxis.
Reflexões em torno dos círculos de cultura na perspectiva freireana: um espaço-tempo de comunicar-formar sujeitos sociais
Authors: Figueiredo Allan Diêgo Rodrigues , Silva André Gustavo Ferreira da
Published: January 2022

The article aims to reflect on the potential of Culture Circles, considering them as a dialogical-communicative space-time for the formation of social subjects. For this study, the methodology of bibliographical research was undertaken, using texts produced by authoritative authors in discussions about Education, specifically in the approach of dialogicity and communication categories as constitutive of the dynamics of these Circles. The reflection starts from the origin of the Culture Circles and highlights the theoretical-methodological aspects of this educational experience that provides a path of awareness for the formation of social subjects based on the construction of collective knowledge.
Apresentação dossiê “100 anos de Paulo Freire”: as possibilidades de ser mais!
Authors: Soares Ismar de Oliveira , Bastos Pablo Nabarrete , Kellner Douglas
Published: January 2022

Nascida em 1994, a revista Comunicação & Educação editava sua 10ª edição no ano em que Paulo Freire nos deixava, em 1997. A revista chegou, neste ano de 2021, ao seu volume 26, alcançando sua 66ª. edição. Ao longo deste percurso, Paulo Freire e suas ideias acompanharam a caminhada de editores e autores. Na primeira edição do presente ano, Freire foi lembrado, por exemplo, com a publicação de um artigo de Livia Freo Saggin e Jiani Adriana Bonin, intitulado Explorações teóricas para pensar as inter-relações entre educomunicação e comunicação comunitária. E foi justamente para identificar a contribuição de Freire para a interface entre Comunicação e Educação que os editores decidiram lançar uma chamada para artigos voltados a compor um volume especial que configurasse como uma contribuição do Departamento de Comunicações e Artes da ECA/USP para as comemorações dos 100 anos do Patrono da Educação Brasileira.
Pedagogias de Paulo Freire: educando para a cidadania com protagonismo na comunicação
Authors: Pereira Fabiana da Costa , Fossá Ivete
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo, refletimos acerca das pedagogias propostas por Paulo Freire, na perspectiva da educação transformadora, que parte do contexto do educando para levá-lo ao ato do pensamento crítico que reflete sua realidade e o torna protagonista da transformação social, desenvolvendo sua cidadania. Para isso, a comunicação tem papel essencial, visto que retrata a realidade, através tanto da grande mídia quanto de outros meios que oportunizem o contato com diferentes pontos de vista. E é nessa perspectiva que identificamos a pedagogia da comunicação a partir do olhar de Mario Kaplún, que pensa a comunicação intrinsecamente relacionada com a educação proposta por Freire, em que a educação libertadora oportunizará um indivíduo consumidor e produtor de uma comunicação crítica no exercício pleno de cidadania.
Kung fu do exílio: os poemas de Ten Phun
Authors: Della Valle Marina
Published: January 2022

O artigo apresenta uma breve análise e traduções para o português de três poemas do tibetano Ten Phun, publicados originalmente em inglês no livro Sweet Butter Tea.
Review Review of the New World species of Microplitis Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) attacking Sphingidae (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea)
Authors: Ghafouri Moghaddam Mostafa , Tomlinson Sloan , Jaffe Samuel , Arias-Penna Diana Carolina , Whitfield James B. , Janzen Daniel H. , Hallwachs Winifred , Latibari Minoo Heidari
Published: January 2022

Microplitis Foerster is a highly diverse and cosmopolitan genus within Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae). Microplitis ceratomiae Riley, a widely distributed North American species, exclusively attacks sphingid caterpillars. In this paper, M. ceratomiae is reported parasitizing a caterpillar of Sphinx poecila Stephens (Sphingidae) which was collected feeding on Spiraea alba Du Roi (Rosaceae), a species of white meadowsweet native to the wet soils of the Allegheny Mountains and other portions of eastern North America. Here, we report and describe this new host-parasitoid-food plant association in southern New Hampshire, and include a distribution map for the species. Biological, ecological and phylogenetic analyses, and an identification key for the nine known species of Microplitis that attack sphingids in the New World are provided.
On a Solution of the Closure Problem for Dry Convective Boundary Layer Turbulence and Beyond
Authors: Gryanik Vladimir M. , Hartmann Jörg
Published: January 2022

We consider the closure problem of representing the higher-order moments (HOMs) in terms of lower-order moments, a central feature in turbulence modeling based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approach. Our focus is on models suited for the description of asymmetric, nonlocal, and semiorganized turbulence in the dry atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL). We establish a multivariate probability density function (PDF) describing populations of plumes that are embedded in a sea of weaker randomly spaced eddies, and apply an assumed delta-PDF approximation. The main content of this approach consists of capturing the bulk properties of the PDF. We solve the closure problem analytically for all relevant HOMs involving velocity components and temperature and establish a hierarchy of new non-Gaussian turbulence closure models of different content and complexity ranging from analytical to semianalytical. All HOMs in the hierarchy have a universal and simple functional form. They refine the widely used Millionshchikov closure hypothesis and generalize the famous quadratic skewness–kurtosis relationship to higher order. We examine the performance of the new closures by comparison with measurement, LES, and DNS data and derive empirical constants for semianalytical models, which are best for practical applications. We show that the new models have a good skill in predicting the HOMs for atmospheric CBL. Our closures can be implemented in second-, third-, and fourth-order RANS turbulence closure models of bi-, tri-, and four-variate levels of complexity. Finally, several possible generalizations of our approach are discussed.
Propagation of Thermohaline Anomalies and Their Predictive Potential along the Atlantic Water Pathway
Authors: Langehaug H. R. , Ortega P. , Counillon F. , Matei D. , Maroon E. , Keenlyside N. , Mignot J. , Wang Y. , Swingedouw D. , Bethke I. , Yang S. , Danabasoglu G. , Bellucci A. , Ruggieri P. , Nicolì D. , Årthun M.
Published: January 2022

We assess to what extent seven state-of-the-art dynamical prediction systems can retrospectively predict winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the subpolar North Atlantic and the Nordic seas in the period 1970–2005. We focus on the region where warm water flows poleward (i.e., the Atlantic water pathway to the Arctic) and on interannual-to-decadal time scales. Observational studies demonstrate predictability several years in advance in this region, but we find that SST skill is low with significant skill only at a lead time of 1–2 years. To better understand why the prediction systems have predictive skill or lack thereof, we assess the skill of the systems to reproduce a spatiotemporal SST pattern based on observations. The physical mechanism underlying this pattern is a propagation of oceanic anomalies from low to high latitudes along the major currents, the North Atlantic Current and the Norwegian Atlantic Current. We find that the prediction systems have difficulties in reproducing this pattern. To identify whether the misrepresentation is due to incorrect model physics, we assess the respective uninitialized historical simulations. These simulations also tend to misrepresent the spatiotemporal SST pattern, indicating that the physical mechanism is not properly simulated. However, the representation of the pattern is slightly degraded in the predictions compared to historical runs, which could be a result of initialization shocks and forecast drift effects. Ways to enhance predictions could include improved initialization and better simulation of poleward circulation of anomalies. This might require model resolutions in which flow over complex bathymetry and the physics of mesoscale ocean eddies and their interactions with the atmosphere are resolved.

Significance Statement

In this study, we find that dynamical prediction systems and their respective climate models struggle to realistically represent ocean surface temperature variability in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic and Nordic seas on interannual-to-decadal time scales. In previous studies, ocean advection is proposed as a key mechanism in propagating temperature anomalies along the Atlantic water pathway toward the Arctic Ocean. Our analysis suggests that the predicted temperature anomalies are not properly circulated to the north; this is a result of model errors that seems to be exacerbated by the effect of initialization shocks and forecast drift. Better climate predictions in the study region will thus require improving the initialization step, as well as enhancing process representation in the climate models.
Modulation of East African Boreal Fall Rainfall: Combined Effects of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Authors: Vashisht Amandeep , Zaitchik Benjamin
Published: January 2022

Climate variabilities can have significant impacts on rainfall in East Africa, leading to disruption in natural and human systems and affecting the lives of tens of millions of people. Subseasonal and interannual variabilities are critical components of total rainfall variability in the region. The goal of this study is to examine the combined effects of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), operating at a subseasonal time scale, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), operating at an interannual scale, on the modulation of East African boreal fall [October–December (OND)] rainfall, commonly called the short rains. Composite analysis shows that daily rainfall responses depend on MJO phase and its interaction with ENSO state. In particular, MJO modulation of rainfall is generally stronger under El Niño conditions relative to ENSO neutral and La Niña conditions, leading to increased potential for daily precipitation excesses during wet MJO phases under El Niño. There is evidence for both dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms associated with these impacts, including an increase in westerly moisture transport and easterly advection of temperature and moist static energy. Seasonal analysis shows that the frequency and intensity of wet MJO phases during an El Niño contribute notably to the seasonal total precipitation anomaly. This suggests that the MJO can mediate El Niño’s impact on OND rainfall in East Africa.
Enhanced Predictability of Rapidly Intensifying Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific Associated with Snow Depth Changes over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cai Yuhao , Han Xiang , Zhao Haikun , Klotzbach Philip J. , Wu Liguang , Raga Graciela B. , Wang Chao
Published: January 2022

This study finds an enhanced relationship in recent years between January–March eastern Tibetan Plateau snow depth (TPSD) and the frequency of rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones (RITCs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) during the following peak TC season (July–November). The correlation between TPSD and RITCs is significant during 2000–14 but was insignificant during 1979–99. During 2000–14, when TPSD increases, there is an enhanced low-level anomalous anticyclone over the subtropical eastern North Pacific mainly due to the combined effect of advection and dynamics of the climatological prevailing westerly jet. Northeasterly wind anomalies are observed on the flank of the anticyclonic circulation anomaly, favoring anomalously cool sea surface temperature (SST). These anomalies lead to an anomalous pattern similar to the Pacific meridional mode (PMM), via a wind–evaporation feedback and cold advection. A Gill-type Rossby response to the PMM-like negative phase results in an anticyclonic circulation anomaly over the WNP, suppressing RITCs during 2000–14. A nearly opposite circulation anomaly occurred when TPSD was lower during 2000–14. There is a weak relationship between TPSD and RITCs, due to the lack of a link between TPSD and the PMM-like pattern from 1979 to 1999. Decadal changes in the relationship between TPSD and RITCs are mainly due to the meridional displacement of the prevailing westerly jet, which may be in response to decadal-to-multidecadal variability of SST anomalies. These changes then result in changes in the relationship between January–March TPSD and the PMM-like pattern.

Significance Statement

Forecasts of tropical cyclone rapid intensification, typically defined to be when a tropical cyclone intensifies by at least 30 knots (∼15 m s−1) in 24 h, remain extremely challenging. This study finds an enhanced relationship since the start of the twenty-first century between winter–spring Tibetan Plateau snow depth and western North Pacific rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones, while the relationship between snow depth and rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones was weak from 1979 to 1999. Decadal changes in the relationship between Tibetan Plateau snow depth and western North Pacific rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones is mainly due to the north–south displacement of the prevailing westerly jet, which may be in response to a transition in a midlatitude North Pacific climate mode. This study highlights the importance of the synergetic impact of the land, air, and sea on tropical cyclone climate and provides a potential predictor for seasonal-to-decadal prediction of rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones.
Postprocessing Ensemble Weather Forecasts for Introducing Multisite and Multivariable Correlations Using Rank Shuffle and Copula Theory
Authors: Chen Jie , Li Xiangquan , Xu Chong-Yu , Zhang Xunchang John , Xiong Lihua , Guo Qiang
Published: January 2022

Statistical methods have been widely used to postprocess ensemble weather forecasts for hydrological predictions. However, most of the statistical postprocessing methods apply to a single weather variable at a single location, thus neglecting the intersite and intervariable dependence structures of forecast variables. This study synthesized a multisite and multivariate (MSMV) postprocessing framework that extends the univariate method to the MSMV version by directly rearranging the postprocessed ensemble members (post-reordering strategy) or by rearranging the latent variables used in the univariate method (pre-reordering strategy). Based on the univariate generator-based postprocessing (GPP) method, the two reordering strategies and three dependence reconstruction methods [rank shuffle (RS), Gaussian copula (GC), and empirical copula (EC)] totaling six MSMV methods (RS-Pre, GC-Pre, EC-Pre, RS-Post, GC-Post, and EC-Post) were evaluated in postprocessing ensemble precipitation and temperature forecasts for the Xiangjiang basin in China using the 11-member ensemble forecasts from the Global Ensemble Forecasting System (GEFS). The results showed that raw GEFS forecasts tend to be biased for both the forecast ensembles and the intersite and intervariable dependencies. The univariate method can improve the univariate performance of ensemble mean and spread but misrepresent the intersite and intervariable dependence among the forecast variables. The MSMV framework can well utilize the advantages of the univariate method and also reconstruct the intersite and intervariable dependencies. Among the six methods, RS-Pre, RS-Post, GC-Post, and EC-Post perform better than the others with respect to reproducing the univariate statistics and multivariable dependences. The post-reordering strategy is recommended to combine the univariate method (i.e., GPP) and reconstruction methods.
Affect Control Theories: A Double Special Issue in Honor of David R. Heise
Authors: Kroska Amy , Powell Brian , Rogers Kimberly B. , Smith-Lovin Lynn
Published: January 2022

We introduce this two-part special issue that celebrates David Heise and his pathbreaking theories: affect control theory (ACT), affect control theory of the self (ACTS), and affect control theory of institutions (ACTI). These interlocking, multi-level, mathematically based theories explain a range of social processes, including impression formation, social interaction, trait and mood attributions, emotional experiences, emotion management, and identity adoption, and they do so in multiple languages and cultures. The 15 articles in this two-part issue test, apply, and develop the theories in new and innovative ways. After briefly summarizing each theory and Bayesian affect control theory (BayesACT), we highlight the key findings from each of the articles that follow.
Women Decision-Making and Responsibility-Taking of Criminal Lifestyle: The Israeli Case
Authors: Adamchuk Irit , Abulafia Judith
Published: January 2022

This study aims to investigate patterns of decision-making and responsibility-taking as opposed to the compulsion process selection of a criminal lifestyle among women in prison. A life story approach and semi-structured interviews sampling 30 Israeli women in prison during their first imprisonment were used. Using a mixed-method, results revealed that most of the participants claimed full or partial self-responsibility for having engaged in a criminal lifestyle or for the offense of which they had been convicted. This figure was consistent when the participants were divided by age of first offense or a history of abuse. The results support the need for an integrated approach explaining women’s criminal paths, including gender-specific as well as gender-neutral factors. The conclusion is that responsibility-taking for a criminal act should be one of the factors in intervention programs for women with delinquent behavior, regardless of whether there is a history of victimization or not.
Foreign Missionary Activity Prior to and During the Armenian Genocide
Authors: Haidostian Paul Ara
Published: January 2022

This article discusses how pre-Genocide foreign missionary activity prepared the way for relief and existential support during and after the Armenian Genocide of 1915–1921. Examples are drawn from American, British, and German Protestant missionary organisations, especially the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the Turkish Missions Aid Society or Bible Lands Missions Aid Society, and the Christlicher Hilfsbund im Orient. These agencies developed missionary and relief methods and transnational networks which were utilised by the Action Chrétienne en Orient (ACO) and other twentieth-century mission agencies in their work among Armenian communities.
The influence of the positive affective trait on the willingness to act entrepreneurially: The mediating effect of opportunity evaluation
Authors: Díaz-Portugal Celia , Delgado-García Juan Bautista , Blanco-Mazagatos Virginia
Published: January 2022

This article extends previous literature on opportunity evaluation by analysing how positive affect influences opportunity evaluation and the subsequent willingness to act entrepreneurially. We draw on two mediational channels (i.e., the affect-to-affect-to-outcome and affect-to-cognition routes) regarding the influence of affect on positive outcomes upon arguments that opportunity evaluation comprises of the cognitive representations of the focal opportunity and of oneself. Specifically, we analyse the mediating effects of the image of the opportunity and self-efficacy in the relationship between positive affect and the willingness to act entrepreneurially. We test our hypotheses on a sample of nascent entrepreneurs participating in training programmes in six Spanish incubators whom were asked to evaluate their own opportunities. Our findings show that positive affect exerts a positive indirect effect through the image of the opportunity, but do not indicate any mediating effect of self-efficacy. These findings may help entrepreneurs understand the affective subjectivity of their opportunity assessments.