bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palaeoentomology of the Kap København Formation, a Plio-Pleistocene sequence in Peary Land, North Greenland
Authors: Böcher Jens
Published: November 2023

The Kap København Formation in eastern Peary Land, latitude 82°30', is dated to the Plio-Pleistocene transition period, c. 2 million years B.P. The shallow water marine sediments contain abundant remains of terrestrial and limnic insects, in particular beetles (Coleoptera). The insect fauna is diverse, comprising 155 named species, of which 140 are beetles. The Coleoptera are dominated by ground beetles (Carabidae), rove beetles (Staphylinidae) and weevils (Curculionidae). Apart from three unknown and possibly extinct species, including Diacheila matthewsi n. sp. described herein, all the insect taxa are extant. Most are extralimital forms of the recent circumpolar subarctic/boreal fauna. However, a high number of fossils represent taxa which are today either nearctic or palaearctic, in some cases with modern occurrences in northeastern Asia or western North America. Many species are hygrophilic (20 %), aquatic (16 %) or riparian (18 %), thereby showing the existence of a great variety of freshwater wetland biotopes. Another large group (14 %) are either dependent on trees for food or are obligate forest dwellers and therefore indicate forest environments. Still other species suggest arctic/alpine living conditions (14 %), and a few are indicative of steppe environments. The fossil insect fauna thus strongly supports and elaborates previous palaeo botanical results showing that Peary Land at the beginning of the Quaternary epoch was covered by a rich and varied vegetation, in the lowlands with trees and probably small forests. The palaeo climate was boreal and humid, with a July mean temperature of at least 8-11°C, but considerably warmer (13-19°C) in lowland areas or during certain time periods. There are indications of a shift in climate from subarctic to more southern boreal conditions during the deposition of the upper member (B) of the Kap København Formation.
Lower Cambrian trilobites from North Greenland
Authors: Blaker Mark R. , Peel John S.
Published: November 2023

Fifty five trilobite species are described from Lower Cambrian platform margin to outer shelf deposits of North Greenland. The species indicate the "Nevadella" and Olenellus Zones of the North American standard, equivalent to uppermost Atdabanian(?), Botomian and Toyonian of Siberian usage. Basal siliciclastic sediments of the Buen Formation yield a Buenellus higginsi fauna ("Nevadella" Zone), including the exceptionally preserved fossils of the Sirius Passet fauna. A Limniphacos perspicullum and Olenellus hyperboreus fauna indicates the "Nevadella" and Olenellus zonal boundary while uppermost beds contain O. svalbardensis and Alacephalus? davisi (Olenellus Zone). Carbonate and siliciclastic sediments of the overlying Brønlund Fjord Group yield trilobites of the upper Olenellus Zone. The Kap Troedsson and Aftenstjernesø Formations contain Ekwipagetia marginata, Serrodiscus spp. and Calodiscus lobatus. Species of Kootenia, Ogygopsis, Zacanthopsis, Perissopyge, Pagetides and Bonnia are conspicuous from the Henson Gletscher Formation, together with Peronopsis roddyi. Oryctocephalids such as Arthricocephalus chauveaui and Halikoplanktos jishouensis allow correlation with the Megapalaeonus Zone of China and are also recognised in Siberia. The Sæterdal Formation contains olenelloids, Kootenia marcoui, and Bonnia brennus. New genera: Limniphacos, Haliplanktos. New species: Limniphacos perspicullum. Kootenia oscari, K. radiata, K. sagena.
The glacial history of the Hans Tausen Iskappe and the last glaciations of Peary Land, North Greenland
Authors: Landvik Jon Y. , Anker Weidick , Hansen Anette
Published: November 2023

Studies of glacial geology near the Hans Tausen Iskappe, 82°N, suggest that the Greenland Ice Sheet covered Peary Land during the Late Weichselian. The ice sheet experienced successive marginal retreat due to calving along the major fjords, and an extensive thinning in response to the climatic amelioration during the early Holocene. Local ice caps had melted by ca. 8100 cal years ago, a result which is compatible with the studies of an ice core record from the Hans Tausen Iskappe. The present ice caps are thus not relicts from the Weichselian, but have formed during the Holocene. Findings of 5000-6000 year-old driftwood along fjords that connect to the Arctic Ocean indicate that the perennial sea-ice cover was gone during the mid-Holocene.
Mass balance parameterisation for the Hans Tausen Iskappe, Peary Land, North Greenland
Authors: Reeh Niels , Olesen Ole B. , Thomsen Henrik Højmark , Starzer Wolfgang , Egede Bøggild Carl
Published: November 2023

A mass balance model based on a positive degree-day approach is used to model the mass balance-elevation relationship for Hans Tausen Iskappe (82.5°N, 37.5°W). Model parameters are estimated by means of field data from a glacier basin in the north-east corner of the ice cap. The mass balance model is run for the total Hans Tausen Iskappe by using additional information on the snow fall distribution based on accumulation data from three local ice cores. The model indicates that, in the period 1975-1995, the total balance of Hans Tausen Iskappe was negative (–0.14 m/y of ice equivalent averaged over the icecap, corresponding to –104% of the annual average accumulation in the period). During the same period, the central part of the ice cap was very likely thickening. The sensitivity of the total mass balance to changing summer temperature is –0.17 m ice/y/K. With a 5% increase of snow fall per degree increase of summer temperature, the sensitivity is changed to –0.14 m ice/y/K. Model studies with larger deviations of the summer temperature from the present value indicate that a 5 K warmer temperature would result in ablation over the entire ice cap, which would then melt away completely in a few hundred years. Even a three-fold, simultaneous increase of the accumulation rate would not in general restore the mass balance, but might secure survival of small isolated icecaps in the northern mountainous landscape. The firn warming (the increase of the temperature at 10 m depth above the mean annual air temperature) of the central area of the ice cap is also studied. Extreme changes of climate conditions as those mentioned above, are needed in order to change the thermal regime of the central region of Hans Tausen Iskappe from cold to temperate. This indicates that Hans Tausen Iskappe was a cold glacier during most of its existence.
An impulse radar measurement in NE Greenland
Authors: Jonsson Peter
Published: November 2023

A snowmobile towed impulse radar measurement was used to produce detailed maps of ice-thickness in two areas, one on a local dome (the Hans Tausen ice cap), and one on an outlet glacier north thereof. A constant spatial sampling was achieved by using a device attached to the snowmobile's odometer. The bedrock reflection was automatically detected in the majority of the data, by using digital signal processing techniques. After merging with differential GPS positions and elevations, a digital database of these parameters and the bedrock reflection times is presented as contour maps.
The paleoclimatic record from a 345 m long ice core from the Hans Tausen Iskappe
Authors: Hammer Claus Uffe , Johnsen S. J. , Clausen Henrik B. , Dahl-Jensen Dorthe , Gundestrup Niels , Steffensen Jørgen Peder
Published: November 2023

The 345 m long ice core retrieved from the Hans Tausen Ice Cap in 1995 (82,5°N, 38°W) in Western Peary Land was sampled in situ for later paleoclimatic δ18Omeasurements in Copenhagen.

The upper 125 m covers a little more than 1000 years and indicates strong persistent warming from the late 1920-ties, a maximum warming in the early 1960-ties and a variable climate with no particular trend since the 1960-ties. The δ record over the past 100 years shows similarities with the temperature records from the Greenland west coast stations, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands.

The 20th century is the warmest in the entire record, while the periode 1700-1900 A.D. is the coldest during the past 2000 years. A maximum of warm climate seems to be reached around 900-1100 A.D. which then declines to the colder conditions around 1700 A.D.

The climatic interpretation of the deepest 105 m of the δ record is more complicated due to the non-steady state of the ice cap: The implication for the paleoclimatic interpretation will be discussed. No glacial ice is present in the bottom ice.
Oikonomia et regimen
Authors: Senellart Michel
Published: November 2023

Cet article propose une réponse à la critique adressée par G. Agamben, dans Le Règne et la Gloire (2008), à la généalogie foucaldienne de la gouvernementalité. En cherchant dans la pensée chrétienne des premiers siècles la matrice d’une conception nouvelle du pouvoir comme gouvernement des hommes — « économie » ou conduite des âmes —, Foucault aurait méconnu la signification proprement théologique, au sein du dispositif trinitaire, du mot oikonomia. Nous voudrions montrer, à partir d’une relecture du 2e Discours (362) de Grégoire de Nazianze (329-390), dont Foucault tire le concept d’une « économie des âmes », que cette idée ne présuppose nullement la référence au schéma trinitaire et renvoie bien davantage au modèle du « patronage » romain, couplé à la figure sacerdotale du bon berger. Cette analyse conduira, en outre, à rappeler le lien de la « direction des âmes » avec le paradigme médical.
Le site du dernier dieu
Authors: Gómez Algarra César
Published: November 2023

Aucun texte ne présente aussi radicalement la confrontation de Heidegger avec la tradition théologique occidentale que le font les écrits « privés » des années trente et quarante. Dans le cadre d’une histoire de l’Être et de son projet de l’Ereignis, le philosophe fribourgeois se risque à penser à nouveaux frais l’essence du divin. À partir d’une lecture non seulement des Contributions à la philosophie (1936-1938), mais aussi du reste des écrits de l’histoire de l’Être et des Cahiers noirs, récemment publiés, nous tentons ici de déterminer la portée et les limites de cette pensée du dernier dieu et de son rapport à l’être humain. Nous essaierons de montrer comment, malgré sa volonté d’éloignement pour penser (à partir de) l’Être, Heidegger doit faire face à des problèmes métaphysiques classiques — sans pour autant les résoudre nécessairement.
Studying the novel "Celestina" in Spanish classes at the university
Authors: Khimich Galina Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2023

The subject of the study is the novel "Celestina" ("Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea") by Fernando de Rojas. The author examines in detail the introduction of this literary work into the process of teaching Spanish as a foreign language at a university. The methods used in the course of our work are the analysis of literary, historical and pedagogical literature on the problem of studying the novel "Celestina" in the process of teaching Spanish, and the synthesis of the knowledge gained in order to form the concept of working with the novel in the university audience of future translators. Research objectives: - to analyze the "Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea" from the point of view of potential interest for Spanish classes not only at the text level, but also from the standpoint of a deeper acquaintance of students with the history, cultural and social features of the country of the end of the XV century. - to present the author's approach of introducing the literary text "Celestina" into the process of teaching Spanish to students – future translators; to highlight the basic principles that allow to work productively with this text in the classroom. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the author has proposed a new approach to work with a book widely known in Spain, but not used in the Spanish teaching in Russia. The argumentation of the need to include the novel "Celestina" in the process of teaching Spanish based on the analysis of its deep meanings in the historical and social context, contains recommendations that may be useful to fellow Hispanists. The result obtained in the course of the research was the opportunity to use the text of the late XV century "Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibei" in the process of teaching Spanish as a foreign language at the university.
The metaphor of the coronavirus in the Chinese Internet space
Authors: Prutskikh Tatiana
Published: November 2023

The object of the study is headlines about a new coronavirus infection in the Internet space. The subject of the study is the metaphors used in the representation of COVID-19 in the headlines of the Chinese media. As a result of the analysis of more than one hundred and fifty headlines of articles about coronavirus infection in the Internet space of China, published in the period from 2019-2021, the author identified more than fifty metaphors. The aim of the study was to identify metaphorical groups and translate metaphorical representations of coronavirus into Russian, taking into account extralinguistic factors. The relevance of this study is determined by the interest in the coronavirus pandemic and China as the alleged source of the disease. Mass media have a great influence on all spheres of human activity, and in the era of intensification of life and economy of linguistic efforts, a special role in the modern information space is assigned to the title. To identify and analyze the features of the COVID-19 representation, such research methods as the method of linguistic and cultural analysis, contextual analysis, component analysis, classification method, comparison method, generalization method, quantitative calculation and descriptive method are used. As a result of the analysis, seven thematic groups of metaphors were identified, the percentage was distributed as follows: 1.Coronavirus as a war - 37% 2.Coronavirus as a threat uniting people - 17% 3.Coronavirus as a dark entity - 14% 4.Coronavirus as a warning to humanity - 12% 5. New heroes in the conditions of the coronavirus epidemic - 10% 6.Coronavirus as an unpredictable event - 6% 7.New objects and phenomena in the conditions of coronavirus - 4% The studied language material allows us to observe the dynamics of the emergence and development of the coronavirus metaphor as a military action. The author concludes that the use of the metaphorical model "War" is one of the most active ways to conceptualize the spread of Covid. Interlanguage studies are of particular theoretical and practical importance in order to determine the national specifics of metaphors and linguistic universals.
Community interpreting and the specifics of the training of translators in the social and legal spheres
Authors: Kameneva Nataliia Alexandrovna
Published: November 2023

The article is dedicated to the topical issues of interpretation in the social, legal and medical spheres of activity. The author concretized the concept of communal translation, the scope of its application, and considered possible types of this translation. The object of the study is the translation in the field of social sphere, legal issues, medical care, and interaction with administrative bodies, called community interpreting. The subject of the study is the analysis of the discursive components of community interpreting on the example of the English language, the ways of implementing this translation and the problems of training community interpreters in the social and legal fields. The interpreter becomes a direct participant and intermediary in the process of interaction between different parties, that requires him to be more responsible for authenticity (i.e. completeness, accuracy and adequacy) and the quality of translation, which cannot be achieved without mobilizing all his knowledge and skills of professional activity. The article also notes that currently the training of community interpreters is not given due attention. The novelty of the research lies in the identification, analysis and generalization of the features of community interpreting, as well as in the study of the specifics of community interpreting at the present stage as a necessary component of the communicative environment of modern society. Distinctive features of communal translation are its versatility, wide coverage of various aspects of life, which lead to the use of a variety of terminology, different types of discourses and speech styles, the presence of slang, dialects, and abbreviations of different subjects. The specialists, who carry out this type of translation, must possess socio-cultural competence along with language and speech knowledge and skills.
Hybrid simulation of radio frequency biased inductively coupled Ar/O2/Cl2 plasmas
Authors: Tong Lei , Zhao Ming-Liang , Zhang Yu-Ru , Song Yuan-Hong , Wang You-Nian ,   Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 China
Published: November 2023

In the etching process, a bias source is usually applied to the substrate of the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) to realize independent modulation of the ion energy and ion flux. In this work, a hybrid model, i.e. a global model combined bi-directionally with a fluid sheath model, is employed to investigate the plasma properties and ion energy distribution function (IEDF) in biased inductively coupled Ar/O2/Cl2 plasmas. The results indicate that at a bias frequency of 2.26 MHz, the Cl– ion density and ClO+ ion density first increase with bias voltage rising, and then they decrease, and finally they rise again, which is different from the densities of other charged species, such as O and Cl atoms. At the bias frequency of 13.56 MHz and 27.12 MHz, except Cl– and \begin{document}$ {\text{Cl}}_2^ + $\end{document} ions, the evolutions of other species densities with bias voltage are similar to the results at lower bias frequency. The evolution of the species densities with bias frequency depends on the bias voltage. For instance, in the low bias voltage range (< 200 V), the densities of charges species, O and Cl atoms increase with bias frequency increasing due to a significant increase in the heating of the plasma by the bias source. However, when the bias voltage is high, say, higher than 300 V, except \begin{document}$ {\text{Cl}}_2^ + $\end{document} and Cl– ions, the densities of other charged species, O and Cl atoms first decrease with bias frequency increasing and then they increase due to a decrease and then an increase in the heating of the plasma by the bias source. In addition, as the bias frequency increases, the peak separation of IEDF becomes narrow, the high energy peak and low energy peak approach each other and they almost merge into one peak at high bias frequency. The results obtained in this work are of significant importance in improving the etching process.
Identifying influential nodes in spreading process in higher-order networks
Authors: Li Jiang , Liu Ying , Wang Wei , Zhou Tao ,   School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China,   Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland,   College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China,   Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
Published: November 2023

Identifying influential nodes in spreading process in the network is an important step to control the speed and range of spreading, which can be used to accelerate the spread of beneficial information such as healthy behaviors, innovations and suppress the spread of epidemics, rumors and fake news. Existing researches on identification of influential spreaders are mostly based on low-order complex networks with pairwise interactions. However, interactions between individuals occur not only between pairwise nodes but also in groups of three or more nodes, which introduces complex mechanism of reinforcement and indirect influence. The higher-order networks such as simplicial complexes and hypergraphs, can describe features of interactions that go beyond the limitation of pairwise interactions. Currently, there are relatively few researches of identifying influential spreaders in higher-order networks. Some centralities of nodes such as higher-order degree centrality and eigenvector centrality are proposed, but they mostly consider only the network structure. As for identification of influential spreaders, the spreading influence of a node is closely related to the spreading process. In this paper, we work on identification of influential spreaders on simplicial complexes by taking both network structure and dynamical process into consideration. Firstly, we quantitatively describe the dynamics of disease spreading on simplicial complexes by using the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered microscopic Markov equations. Next, we use the microscopic Markov equations to calculate the probability that a node is infected in the spreading process, which is defined as the spreading centrality (SC) of nodes. This spreading centrality involves both the structure of simplicial complex and the dynamical process on it, and is then used to rank the spreading influence of nodes. Simulation results on two types of synthetic simplicial complexes and four real simplicial complexes show that compared with the existing centralities on higher-order networks and the optimal centralities of collective influence and nonbacktracking centrality in complex networks, the proposed spreading centrality can more accurately identify the most influential spreaders in simplicial complexes. In addition, we find that the probability of nodes infected is highly positively correlated with its influence, which is because disease preferentially reaches nodes with many contacts, who can in turn infect their many neighbors and become influential spreaders.
Growth of Bi2O2Se nanowires and their superconducting quantum interference devices
Authors: Liu Huai-Yuan , Xiao Jian-Fei , Lü Zhao-Zheng , Lü Li , Qu Fan-Ming ,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
Published: November 2023

Bi2O2Se is a new type of semiconductor material, which has the advantages of high carrier mobility, air stability, strong spin-orbit coupling, etc. It has a variety of synthesis methods and a wide range of applications. In the past few years, many explorations have been made in the synthesis, large-size growth, and applications of Bi2O2Se. It has been applied to field effect transistors, infrared photodetectors, semiconductor devices, heterojunctions, spin electronics, etc. Since nanowire has a larger surface area-to-volume ratio than nano-film, nanowire may have greater advantages in gate regulation and strong spin-orbit coupling, and these properties can play a crucial role in certain fields. However, most of the studies focused on its two-dimensional films, and there are less researches of its one-dimensional counterpart. In this work, a method of growing Bi2O2Se one-dimensional nanowires by chemical vapor deposition in a three-temperature-zone tubular furnace is introduced. High-quality suspended Bi2O2Se nanowires are obtained. In addition, the effects on the Bi2O2Se nanowire growth of the position of the mica substrates, i.e, different horizontal positions and vertical heights in the quartz boat, are studied, and the optimal conditions for the growth are summarized. The nanowires are characterized by atomic force microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer to show the information about the size and component. Then, superconducting quantum interference device based on the Bi2O2Se nanowires is constructed, and the superconducting quantum interference in a magnetic field is observed, which provides a way to broaden the application of Bi2O2Se nanowires.
Effect of amorphous carbon film on secondary electron emission of metal
Authors: Hu Xiao-Chuan , Liu Yang-Xi , Chu Kun , Duan Chao-Feng ,   School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China,   Health Science Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: November 2023

Amorphous carbon films have attracted much attention in the field of abnormal discharge of vacuum microwave devices and equipment due to their extremely low secondary electron yields (SEYs). However, the dynamic process and microscopic mechanism of the effect of amorphous carbon film on secondary electron emission are still poorly understood. In this work, a numerical simulation model of the secondary electron emission of amorphous carbon film on copper surface is developed by the Monte Carlo method, which can accurately simulate the dynamic processes of electron scattering and emission of the film and the substrate. The results show that the maximum SEY decreases by about 20% when the film thickness increases from 0 to 1.5 nm. Further increasing the thickness, the SEY no longer decreases. However, when the film is thicker than 0.9 nm, the SEY curve exhibits a double-hump form, but with the thickness increasing to 3 nm, the second peak gradually weakens or even disappears. The electron scattering trajectories and energy distribution of secondary electrons indicate that this double-hump phenomenon is caused by electron scattering in two different materials. Compared with previous models, the proposed model takes into account the change of work function and the effect of interfacial barrier on electron scattering path. Our model can explain the formation of the double-hump of SEY curve and provides theoretical predictions for suppressing the SEY by amorphous carbon film.
The Importance of Individual Beliefs in Assessing Treatment Efficacy: Insights from Neurostimulation Studies
Authors: Fassi Luisa , Hochman Shachar , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Blumberger Daniel M. , Kadosh Roi Cohen
Published: November 2023

In recent years, there has been debate about the effectiveness of treatments from different fields, such as neurostimulation, neurofeedback, brain training, and pharmacotherapy. This debate has been fuelled by contradictory and nuanced experimental findings. Notably, the effectiveness of a given treatment is commonly evaluated by comparing the effect of the active treatment versus the placebo on human health and/or behaviour. However, this approach neglects the individual’s subjective experience of the type of treatment s/he received in establishing treatment efficacy. Here, we show that individual differences in
subjective treatment—
the thought of receiving the active or placebo condition during an experiment—can explain variability in outcomes better than the actual treatment. We analysed four independent datasets (
N
=387 participants), including clinical patients and healthy adults from different age groups who were exposed to different neurostimulation treatments (transcranial magnetic stimulation: Study 1 & 2; transcranial direct current stimulation: Study 3 & 4). Our findings show that the inclusion of
subjective treatment
can provide a better model fit, either alone or in interaction with
objective treatment
(defined as the condition to which participants are assigned in the experiment). These results demonstrate the significant contribution of subjective experience in explaining the variability of clinical, cognitive and behavioural outcomes. We advocate for existing and future studies in clinical and non-clinical research to start accounting for participants’ subjective beliefs and their interplay with objective treatment when assessing the efficacy of treatments. This approach will be crucial in providing a more accurate estimation of the treatment effect and its source, allowing the development of effective and reproducible interventions.We demonstrate that individual differences in
subjective treatment
—the belief of receiving the active or placebo condition during an experiment—can explain variability in research outcomes better than
objective treatment
, the actual treatment to which participants are assigned. Even though it is a standard practice for intervention studies to collect data on
subjective treatment
, its contribution to research outcomes has been overlooked. By demonstrating the explanatory power of
subjective treatment
beyond
objective treatment
in four independent datasets, we show its potential to provide further insights into the effectiveness of different interventions. We, therefore, encourage researchers to adopt our approach in existing and new studies, to improve experimental design and ultimately increase the rigour and robustness of clinical and non-clinical interventions.
Trade-offs in dormancy phenology in endotherms and ectotherms
Authors: Constant Théo , Stephen Dobson F. , Habold Caroline , Giroud Sylvain
Published: November 2023

Seasonal animal dormancy, hibernation or diapause, is widely interpreted as a physiological response for surviving energetic challenges during the harshest times of the year. However, there are other mutually non-exclusive hypotheses to explain the timing of animal dormancy over time, that is, entry into and emergence from hibernation (i.e. dormancy phenology). Other survival advantages of dormancy that have been proposed are reduced risks of predation and competition (the “life-history” hypothesis), but comparative tests across animal species are not yet available. Under this hypothesis, dormancy phenology is influenced by a trade-off between the reproductive advantages of being active and the survival benefits of being in dormancy. Thus, species may emerge from dormancy when reproductive benefits occur, regardless of the environmental conditions for obtaining energy. Species may go into dormancy when these environmental conditions would allow continued activity, if there were benefits from reduced predation or competition. Within a species, males and females differ in the amount of time and energy they invest in reproduction. Thus, the trade-off between reproduction and survival may be reflected in sex differences in phenology of dormancy.Using a phylogenetic comparative method applied to more than 20 hibernating mammalian species, we predicted that differences between the sexes in hibernation phenology should be associated with differences in reproductive investment, regardless of energetic status. Consistent with the life-history hypothesis, the sex that spent the less time in activities directly associated with reproduction (e.g. testicular maturation, gestation) or indirectly (e.g. recovery from reproductive stress) spent more time in hibernation. This was not expected if hibernation phenology were solely influenced by energetic constraints. Moreover, hibernation sometimes took place at times when the environment would allow the maintenance of a positive energy balance. We also compiled, initial evidence consistent with the life history hypothesis to explain the dormancy phenology of ectotherms (invertebrates and reptiles). Thus, dormancy during non-life-threatening periods that are unfavorable for reproduction may be more widespread than previously appreciated.
The inter-continental population dynamics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Osnes Magnus N , Brynildsrud Ola B , Alfsnes Kristian , van Dorp Lucy , McKeand Samantha A , Ross Jonathan , Town Katy , de Korne-Elenbaas Jolinda , van Dam Alje , Bruisten Sylvia , de Blasio Birgitte F , Caugant Dominique A , Grad Yonatan H. , Williamson Deborah A , Balloux Francois , Didelot Xavier , Eldholm Vegard
Published: November 2023

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a globally distributed sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen. Recent studies have revealed that its evolution has been shaped by antibiotic use, while molecular surveillance efforts have demonstrated large changes in lineage composition over relatively short time-spans. However, the global population dynamics of N. gonorrhoeae remain unsatisfyingly characterized.To reconstruct recent large-scale population dynamics, we generated a dated phylogeny from 9,732 N. gonorrhoeae genomes and found the effective population size of the species to have expanded gradually over the past two centuries. While the effective population size of clades with reduced susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins started declining around 2010, a major clade containing a mosaic mtr operon associated with cephalosporin susceptibility and decreased azithromycin did not display any reduction in population size.Using ancestral trait reconstruction analyses, we delineated transmission lineages, defined as groups of sequences in which all the samples can be traced back to the same import event to a given location. Import, export and local transmission dynamics across two densely sampled locations (Norway and Victoria, Australia) were investigated in detail. Norway exhibited substantially higher rates of strain import and export compared to Victoria, where incidence was to a larger extent fuelled by locally transmitted lineages. Taken together, our work highlights the power of large-scale phylogenomic analyses to uncover the complex dynamics of lineage transmission in N. gonorrhoeae .
A hub of activity
Authors: Pimmett Virginia L , Lagha Mounia
Published: November 2023

Imaging experiments reveal the complex and dynamic nature of the transcriptional hubs associated with Notch signaling.
Excessive aggregation of fine particles may play a crucial role in adolescent spontaneous pneumothorax pathogenesis
Authors: Wang Sibo , Li Jun , Qian Mengjiao , Wang Jing , Tan Yongxing , Ou Haibo , Wang Zhongyin , Chen Xiao , Tu Yunjiao , Xu Kai
Published: November 2023

Background

The pathogenesis of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is unclear. Fine particles aggregated in the lung can be phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages (AMs) to induce an inflammatory reaction and damage local pulmonary tissue, which could be a mechanism of PSP. This project aimed to explore the pathological association between fine particulate matter and PSP.

Methods

Thirty pulmonary bullae tissues were obtained from surgery of PSP patients (B group). The adjacent normal tissues of the lungs were defined as the control S group. Another 30 normal lung tissues with nonpneumothorax disease (NPD) were applied as the control N group. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E), Wright-Giemsa (W-G), Victoria blue, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining experiments were performed to measure the levels of fine particulate matter, alveolar macrophages (AMs), pulmonary elastic fibers, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the lung tissues. The serum levels of MCP-1 and MMP-9 were prospectively analyzed as well.

Results

Histopathological examinations revealed obvious deposition of fine particulate matter and inflammatory reactions (proliferation of AMs) in the B group, compared with those in the S group and the N group. These alterations were significantly associated with PSP. The numbers of AMs and pulmonary elastic fibers, the positive area of the H-score, as well as the concentrations of MCP-1 and MMP-9 in the lungs of the experimental group were obviously raised compared with the controls (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Fine particulate matter aggregation, inflammation (macrophage hyperplasia), and overexpression of MCP-1 and MMP-9 may contribute to the pathogenesis of PSP. The overaccumulation of fine particulate matter may play a crucial part in the occurrence of adolescent and young adult PSP.

Trial registration

This project was enrolled on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100051460.
Insights on Pinna nobilis population genetic structure in the Aegean and Ionian Sea
Authors: Sarafidou Georgia , Tsaparis Dimitris , Issaris Yiannis , Chatzigeorgiou Giorgos , Grigoriou Panos , Chatzinikolaou Eva , Pavloudi Christina
Published: November 2023

The fan mussel Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 is an endemic species of the Mediterranean Sea, protected by international agreements. It is one of the largest bivalves in the world, playing an important role in the benthic communities; yet it has been recently characterized as Critically Endangered by the IUCN, due to mass mortality events. In this context, the assessment of the genetic variation of the remaining P. nobilis populations and the evaluation of connectivity among them are crucial elements for the conservation of the species. For this purpose, samples were collected from six regions of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea; the Islands of Karpathos, Lesvos and Crete; the Chalkidiki and Attica Peninsulas; and the Amvrakikos Gulf. Sampling was performed either by collecting tissue from the individuals or by using a non-invasive method, i.e., by scraping the inside of their shells aiming to collect their mucus and thus avoid stress induction to them. Conventional molecular techniques with the use of the COI and 16S rRNA mitochondrial markers were selected for the depiction of the intra-population genetic variability. The analyses included 104 samples from the present study and publicly available sequences of individuals across the whole Mediterranean Sea. The results of this work (a) suggest the use of eDNA as an efficient sampling method for protected bivalves and (b) shed light to the genetic structure of P. nobilis population in the Eastern Mediterranean; this latter knowledge might prove to be fundamental for the species conservation and hence the ecosystem resilience. The haplotype analyses reinforced the evidence that there is a certain degree of connectivity among the distinct regions of the Mediterranean; yet there is evidence of population distinction within the basin, namely between the Western and the Eastern basins. The combination of both genetic markers in the same analysis along with the inclusion of a large number of individuals produced more robust results, revealing a group of haplotypes being present only in the Eastern Mediterranean and providing insights for the species’ most suitable conservation management.
Trayectorias de la alianza entre cuidadores y psicoterapeutas de niños/as en tratamiento por abuso sexual infantil, según sus patrones de apego y sus experiencias traumáticas infantiles
Authors:   , Vásquez Astudillo Paula Isidora
Published: November 2023

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir y analizar la trayectoria de la alianza terapéutica (AT) entre los cuidadores y terapeutas de niños/as (NN) en tratamiento por abuso sexual infantil (ASI), su asociación con el apego y las experiencias adversas infantiles del cuidador, así como el valor predictivo de estas variables para la alianza desde el inicio hasta mediados del proceso terapéutico. Para esto, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo longitudinal, con una muestra de 38 cuidadores y 38 terapeutas de NN en tratamiento por ASI. Para esto, como instrumentos se utilizó el Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, short form (CTQ-SF) para analizar las experiencias adversas tempranas (EAT) de los cuidadores, el Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) para determinar sus patrones de apego y se aplicó tanto a cuidadores como a terapeutas el Therapeutic Alliance Scale for Caregivers and Parents (TASC-P) al inicio y a mediados del tratamiento, para evaluar la calidad de la alianza en estos dos momentos. Para cumplir con los objetivos, se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlacionales, regresiones lineales y ANOVA de medidas repetidas. Dentro de los resultados, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la alianza reportada entre el cuidador y el terapeuta, tanto en Momento 1 (M1) (F=3.65, p < 0.005) como en el Momento 2 (M2) (F=3.35, p < 0.005). Además, las pruebas no paramétricas mostraron cambios positivos en la calidad de la AT tanto del cuidador (p = 0.04) como en el terapeuta (p = 0.037) entre el M1 (cuidadores: M = 38.74, DE = 4.49; terapeutas: M = 35.18, DE = 6.29) al M2 (cuidadores: M = 40.08, DE = 5.43; terapeutas: M = 37.18, DE = 4.56). Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los reportes de AT, de los cuidadores ni de los terapeutas, entre M1 y M2 en las pruebas paramétricas. Por otro lado, se observó una relación negativa entre las experiencias de negligencia (emocional (NE) y física (NF)) vividas en la infancia con la calidad de la AT percibida por el cuidador, tanto en M1 (NF: r = -0.4, p < 0.01; NE: r = -0.5, p < 0.01) como en M2 (NF: r = -0.4, p = 0.01; NE: r = -0.4, p < 0.01), así como también la ausencia de EAT tuvo un valor explicativo para el aumento de la alianza reportada para el cuidador (r = 0.44, p = 0.01). Por su parte, niveles de ansiedad más altos del cuidador afectan negativamente en la AT del terapeuta a mediados del tratamiento. 7 Estos hallazgos muestran la importancia, en el trabajo psicoterapéutico infantil, de incluir los antecedentes de adversidad y trauma en los cuidadores de NN en terapia por ASI. Principalmente, esto es destacado debido a su asociación con la calidad de la relación terapéutica, la cual a su vez influye significativamente en el desarrollo y progreso del proceso terapéutico con NN.
Troubles psychotiques et consommation de substances psychoactives : impacts d’une intervention concertée
Authors: Blanchette-Martin Nadine , Ferland Francine , Genois Rosalie , Plourde Chantal , Dallaire François , Labbé Annie
Published: November 2023

Il est reconnu que l’intervention intégrée fait partie des meilleures pratiques auprès des personnes présentant un trouble psychotique en concomitance avec un trouble de l’utilisation des substances (TUS). Une telle intervention a été développée dans la région de Chaudière-Appalaches (Québec) afin de favoriser le rétablissement des personnes aux prises avec ces troubles concomitants. Cet article présente l’évaluation des retombées de la participation au programme pour les usagers. Les résultats indiquent qu’un an après avoir débuté, ils ont diminué leurs visites à l’urgence, leurs hospitalisations et leur consommation de substances et ont amélioré leur santé psychologique et leur qualité de vie.
Regard des intervenantes communautaires en périnatalité sur des expériences observées de violence obstétricale
Authors: Bergeron Manon , Lévesque Sylvie , Beauchemin-Roy Sarah , Fontaine Lorraine
Published: November 2023

De nombreux témoignages de femmes rapportent des expériences de détresse, de souffrance ou de violence lors de l‘accouchement, nommées « violence obstétricale » par les groupes de défense de droits en périnatalité. Or, les écrits mentionnent peu les perceptions des intervenantes en périnatalité confrontées à cette problématique. Par le biais de groupes de discussion auprès d‘intervenantes communautaires en périnatalité au Québec (n = 29), cette étude documente leurs représentations de situations de violence obstétricale, les difficultés qu‘elles rencontrent et leurs stratégies d‘intervention. Les résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension de cette forme de violence et à une réflexion sur les efforts à fournir pour favoriser le bien-être des femmes durant la période périnatale.
Youth Participation in Rural Development in the Jabalpur District of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Namdeo Siddharth , Nagar Ashish Kumar , Somtiya Arpit , Naberia Seema
Published: November 2023

This study elicits and understands rural youth’s participation in different rural development activities that are being conducted in the Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. Data was collected by using a pre-tested and structured schedule. The demographic composition of youth revealed that majority of them were educated up to higher secondary school, belonged to Other Backward Class (OBC) and had a nuclear family. Majority of them were unmarried and opted farming as their major occupation, had low level of annual income, medium level of use of source of information, achievement motivation, social participation, extension contact and had moderately favorable attitude towards rural development activities.  Results revealed that majority (50.00%) of the youth had a medium level of participation in rural development activities. Through NYKS many activities were listed out which were undertaken in respect to rural development. Based on the responses activities were arranged in sequence using the Garett ranking technique to identify and rank which of the following activity is performed regularly and at high extent and vice-versa by the youths. Activities like sanitising village surroundings (Garett score= 65.36), agricultural activities (Garett score=62.51) and plantation (Garett score=61.88) were found to be the major activities performed by the youths.
Level of Awareness towards Covid-19 Recurrence among Adults COVID-19 Patients in Machakos Country in Kenya
Authors: Ali Hamida Mahamed , Joseph Juma , Dennis Magu
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Cases of Covid-19 recurrence have become prevalent. This study seeks to establish the level of awareness towards Covid-19 recurrence among adults in Machakos County in Kenya. The study was guided by the health belief model and socio-ecological model.

Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study. The study adopted a quantitative approach. The target population in this study was 7, 428 Covid-19 patients in Machakos County. The sample size for the study was 418 respondents. Purposive sampling was used in selecting the respondents for the study. Data was collected through a questionnaire.

Data Analysis: Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics comprising of frequencies and percentages. Chi-Square test was used in determining the association between the independent and dependent variables of the study.

Results: From the findings, the overall Covid-19 recurrence was 11.1%. Overall knowledge, attitude and practice levels towards Covid-19 management and control were high. The study found that gender, level of education, engaging in any form of drugs/substance use and abuse and practices towards Covid-19 management and control were the significant host status determinants of Covid-19 recurrence. The study also found that staff shortages, proximity challenges and contaminated hospital environment were the significant facility determinants of Covid-19 recurrence. Further, it was evident from the study that the significant clinical determinants of Covid-19 recurrence included oxygen treatment for Covid-19, and longer duration in hospital during the first Covid-19 infection.

Conclusions and Recommendation: The study recommends that the government should invest more in health facilities in terms of human resource for health personnel and equipment for treatment. The study recommends that future studies should be experimental so as to detect the actual biochemical concentrations for Covid-19 patients and recurrence rates among patients.
Efficacy of Salicylic Acid in Response to Plant Stress Tolerance, Growth and Productivity: A Review
Authors: Ansari Zuby Gohar , Sarma Hridesh Harsha , Boruah Anasuya , Doggalli Gangadhara , Bahadur Raj , Tripathi Utkarsh , Rani Doppalapudi Vijaya
Published: November 2023

Plant stress generated by various climatic and anthropogenic activities has exacerbated the degradation of agricultural systems and productivity throughout the developmental era, and it is currently recognized as the world's most significant and possibly deadly danger impacting crop plant economic output. Nonetheless, phytohormones have been found as a potent tool for minimizing the detrimental effects of stressors in agricultural plants in a sustainable manner. Salicylic acid (SA), one of the most important phytohormones, is required for the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defensive responses. A lot of interest has been generated by SA's defensive mechanism. Major agricultural crops' ability to withstand stress has been said to be much improved. SA utilization is influenced by the amount of SA applied, the application method, and the state of the plants (such as their developmental stage and level of acclimation). In this review, we have focus on the efficacy of SA on mitigating various plant biotic and abiotic stress under adverse environmental conditions and its role on plant growth, development and productivity.