bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2824 – Acute Psychosis and Buprenorphine Withdrawal: Abrupt vs. Progressive Could make a Difference
Authors: Weibel S. , Mallaret M. , Bennouna-Greene M. , Bertschy G.
Published: July 2013

Buprenorphine, a partial μ-opioid agonist and κ-opioid antagonist, is frequently used in the treatment of heroin dependence, and to prevent complications arising from intravenous injection and social consequences of heroin use. Psychosis occurring after discontinuation of buprenorphine or other opioids has been described, but is uncommon.

We report the case of a 37-year-old man, suffering from opiates dependence, presenting acute and intense psychotic symptoms beginning after an abrupt discontinuation of buprenorphine, which he was taking for two years as substitution therapy for heroin dependence. The initial medication by risperidone, up to a dose of 8 mg/day was inefficient to control psychotic symptoms. Four weeks later, buprenorphine was finally restarted at 8 mg/day, which allowed a complete remission of psychotic and anxiety-related symptoms. The antipsychotic medication was gradually discontinued two months later, allowing the patient to remain symptom-free eighteen months later.

We discuss the potential role of abrupt withdrawal syndrome in the apparition of the psychotic symptoms and the presence of a latent psychotic disorder. An interesting issue in our case report is that a correctly conducted antipsychotic treatment did not succeed in stopping symptoms of delusions, even after four weeks, while reintroducing buprenorphine did, showing in this context an antipsychotic effect. This case report highlights the importance of taking opiate dependence into account in patients with recent onset of psychotic symptoms, even several weeks after withdrawal.
2826 – Referral of Heroin Addicts from Syringe Exchange to Evidence-Based Treatment - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bråbäck M. , Isendahl P. , Nilsson S. , Hakansson A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Syringe exchange has been suggested as a potential conduit to treatment for drug addiction. This has been tried in a few US trials, but never in Europe.

Aims:

This study aims to assess effectiveness of a syringe exchange for referral of heroin addicts to evidence-based treatment, and to assess, in an RCT design, the contribution of a case management intervention.

Methods:

Consecutive heroin addicts attending the syringe exchange of Malmö, Sweden, who are willing to participate, are referred to maintenance treatment (methadone or buprenorphine, medication based on clinical assessment and outside the study design), and randomized to either a strength-based case management intervention in order to facilitate referral, or referral-only. If eligible for treatment, patients are initiated on the maintenance treatment after 12 days. Study outcome is successful transfer from syringe exchange to treatment initiation.

Results:

The study is currently being finalized, and final results (N = 70–75) will be available before presentation at the EPA congress. Pilot data from the first phase of recruitment revealed that among 21 patients, 16 (76%) were willing to join the study. Among them, all 16 successfully showed up for medical assessment, and all but one (94%) successfully initiated medication. Preliminary follow-up until today confirm a similar picture.

Conclusions:

Pilot data indicate that syringe exchange can be used for transfer to evidence-based treatment in heroin addiction. High rates of patients are successfully transferred to treatment, with or without a facilitating case management intervention. Final results will be presented at the congress.
2830 – Illness Representation in Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Gassara I. , Ben Thabet J. , Msaad S. , Ammar Y. , Zouari N. , Zouari L. , Ayoub A. , Maalej M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Sleep apnea (SA) is a common chronic disease that leads to higher morbidity and mortality; however, illness perceptions (IP) in patients with SA remain not well explored.

Objectives:

We aimed to assess the IP in patients with SA and to correlate them with the level of sleepness, the severity of the disease and the existence of a concomitant depression.

Methods:

Sixty four untreated patients investigated for sleep apnea (mean age: 54 years, sex ratio = 2/3) participated in our study.

Excessive daytime sleepness (EDS) was assessed by the ESS, the severity of the disease by the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) and the depressive symptoms by the HADs. Illness representation was measured by the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (B-IPQ); High scores reveal a more threatening perception of the illness.

Results:

In terms of cognition, our patients feel quite bothered by their symptoms (7/10) and enable to control their illness (1.3/10), but they believe that their treatment will be effective (7/10). Emotionnally, they feel pretty concerned (6/10) and negatively affected by their disease (6.1/10).

We also observed that the score of the B-IPQ (6/10 ± 1.5) was positively correlated to EDS (p = 0.004), the severity of the disease (p = 0.02) and the coexistence of a depression (p = 0.005).

Conclusion:

Several factors seem to have an impact on the vision of the sleep-apnea's patients towards their disease and their life as well. The study of the IP seems interesting to better understand the coping behaviour of such patients so that their adherence to the treatment would be improved.
2834 – Comparison of Clinical and The Sociodemographic Characteristics of Bipolar Patients According to the Presence of a History of Depressive Episode
Authors: Erdem M. , Akarsu S. , Ünlü A.G. , Alper M. , Karaman D. , Ak M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The aim of this study was to compare the sociodemographic and clinic characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder type I with and without history of depressive episode.

Method:

In this study the data of 108 bipolar type I patients who were admitted to psychiatry clinic of a university hospital due to manic episode between 2007–2009 were examined.

Results:

According to these data, 16 of 108 bipolar disorder type I patients (14.8%) had inhabited at least 4 manic episodes throughout their lives and there was no history of depressive episode although the disease had continued at least 4 years. with and without a history of depressive episode of bipolar type I patients have not been identified differ in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, but patients not having a history of depressive episode during their lifetime was found to be more than the number of hospitalizations.

Conclusion:

Current information seem to be not sufficient to define unipolar mania as a separate nosological class. Largescale, prospective designs and illuminating the pathophysiology and etiology studies needs to be done in this issue.
2859 – Depression and Diabetes Comorbidity: Prevalence and Clinical Features
Authors: El-Hechmi S. , Zgueb Y. , Jomli R. , Ouanes S. , Nacef F. , Turki Z.
Published: July 2013

Diabetes is one of the major health problems in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that if current trends continue, the number of people with diabetes will double from 176 to 370 million people by 2030.

Many studies have demonstrated that a comorbid state of depression incrementally worsens health compared with depression alone.

In Tunisia, according to the survey of mental health in the general population, in 2005, the prevalence of depression was 35%.

Objective:

The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of depression in diabetic patients who consulted the Tunisian National Institute of Nutrition and to assess risk factors and clinical features of these disorders.

Methodology:

Cross-sectional study including a population of 100 diabetic patients. A form was designed for epidemiological data collection. Depression was measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD).

Results:

Our results showed a high prevalence of depression in diabetic subjects. 51% of diabetic patients have moderate to severe depression, 13% had mild depression, while 36% had normal values on the HAM-D. Moderate to severe depression was present in 37% of men and 42% women.

Conclusion:

Diabetes is associated with a significantly increased risk for depressive symptoms. Our study confirms the usefulness of the assessment of depressive symptoms during follow-up of diabetic patients and the importance of an early multidisciplinary care. Pathogenetic mechanisms connecting diabetes with depression deserve further exploration.
2868 – Comorbid Psychiatric Disorder and Physical Disorder in the Elderly
Authors: Ennaoui R. , Jomli R. , Zgueb Y. , Nacef F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

With aging, the risk of many diseases increases. The prevalence of somatic diseases in psychiatric patients is high. This comorbidity is more common that the subject is old.

Objectives:

The aim of our study was to determine the different somatic pathologies associated with various psychiatric disorders in the elderly.

Patients and methods:

This is a retrospective study conducted in the outpatient hospital razi, involving 90 patients aged consultant during 2011. The data were collected from patient records.

Results:

Ninety patients were found during the study period. The average age of patients was 77.5 years. The sex ratio (M / F) was 1.04. The majority of consultants had an iron status of married (51.1%) and widowed (41.1%). 63% of patients were retired and 49% of cases were low socioeconomic level. Personal psychiatric histories were found in 12% of patients consultants. 51 patients (56.6%) had somatic pathology associated with psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

Elderly patients' organic disease is unknown in most cases and is a causal or aggravating the mental disorder.
2873 – Drug Overdosing, Personality Disorder and Self-Injurious Behaviour
Authors: de la Vega D.C. , Arcenegui Calvo A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Suicide and self-injurious behaviour are one of the most common causes of consulting in the hospital emergency services. Most of the cases, are attempts made by intake of great quantities of drugs (drug overdosing).

Objectives:

Review of the drug overdosings attended in our Hospital emphasizing our interest in the presence of psychiatric history, characteristics of the attempt and case management.

Methods:

Retrospective review of clinical histories of patients attended by the Emergency Service.

Results:

We identified 112 drug overdosings.

68'8% of the patients attended were women, being the most frequent age range from 31 to 40 years (33%).

80'4% of the patients collected had psychiatric history, being the most common diagnosis: Mood-Anxiety disorders 60'7%, Substance-Related Disorders 41'1%, Personality disorder 30'4% and Psychotic disorder 10'7.

Previous attempts were found in 43'8% of the patients.

The most common drug used were benzodiacepines (73% of the cases), followed by antypsichotics (17'9%). Up to 32'1% of the patients used non psychitrict drugs.

The most common diagnosis was suicide attempt (41'1%), followed by parasuicide attempt. 41'4% of the drug overdosings were not considered as self injurious behavior.

When we compared those diagnosed of personality disorder with the rest of the patients, we found that although they were more often diagnosed of parasuicide (50% Vs 32'1%), they needed more hospitalizations (41% Vs 21%)

Conclusions:

Self-injurious behaviour are one of the most common causes of consulting in the hospital emergency services. Patients diagnosed of personality disorder are more commonly hospitalized after making a suicide attempt.
2918 – The Mistake System of the Brain and Ethanol: A Direct Pathway Possible?
Authors: Welcome M.O. , Pereverzev V.A.
Published: July 2013

In a previously formulated hypothesis of alcohol related glucose dependent system of error monitoring and processing, we suggested mechanisms for alcohol's indirect disruption of the error monitoring and processing system (referred here as the mistake system of the brain). Reviewing recent breakthroughs in ethanol metabolism and the associated enzymes, tissue prevalence of their polymorphic forms, as well as blood brain barrier structure-functions relationship, we suggest that a direct pathway is possible in the disruption of the mistake system of the brain. The major arguments supporting the direct disruption of the mistake system of the brain include the following: the molecular size and spatial configuration of the ethanol molecule or its metabolites and the ‘free pass’ size and the molecular configuration of the blood brain barrier; advanced radiological studies of brain cells and functions at different organismal states; metabolic diversity of ethanol and its metabolic forms and the kinetics of the associated enzymes in brain cells at different regions; prevalence rate of the polymorphic forms of ethanol metabolizing enzymes. The direct pathway of ethanol related disruption of the mistake system of the brain represent an improvement on the formerly suggested indirect mechanism of alcohol related glucose dependent system of error monitoring and processing. Therefore, both direct and indirect pathways are involved in the disruption of the error monitoring and processing system of the brain.
2922 – Mood Disorders in ICD-11 and DSM-5: A Brief Overview
Authors: Maj M.
Published: July 2013

Clinical reality presents us with a series of continua in the area of mood disorders: between “normal” sadness and depression, between “normal” elation and hypomania, between a “pure” depressive episode and a “pure” manic episode, between unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, between anxiety disorders and depression, and between mood disorders and psychotic disorders. Most of our classificatory efforts and controversies in this area center around how to deal with these continua, where to fix boundaries and how to delineate intermediate or mixed conditions. in this presentation, I briefly review how the ICD-11 and DSM-5 are going to handle these continua. The two systems will address the continua between “normal” elation and hypomania, between unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, and between anxiety disorders and depression in a more consistent way than in the past, while there will be differences in the characterization of mixed states and schizoaffective disorders. A major weakness of both systems will be the fact that the boundary between “normal” sadness and depression will not be based on a solid empirical evidence.
2937 – Emotion Regulation in ADHD Children in Face©-Perspective: From Theory Through Research to Facilitating Adjustment of Cognition and Emotion
Authors: Celestin-Westreich S. , Celestin L.-P.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Clinical and neuroscientific insights suggest that emotion regulation (ER) is a core challenge for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Relatively few empirical studies yet explicitly address ADHD children's ER. The conceptual and practical underpinnings of ER for ADHD youth's wellbeing also remain to be fully established. Objectives and aims: To assess basic and contextual emotion recognition in children with ADHD. To advance conceptual and practical insights into ADHD children's emotional development.

Method:

Operationalising the FACE©-model (Facilitating Adjustment of Cognition and Emotion), an ongoing research compares children with ADHD and matched non-referred controls (currently n = 68, ages 7–12, mean age 10, 80% boys) on ER components, including facial (FER) and verbal emotion recognition, Theory-Of-Mind, attentional, and behavioural functioning.

Results:

A subsample of ADHD children (n = 15) with comorbid learning problems and autism spectrum symptoms (ASS) made significantly more FER errors (t (26) = -2,578, p = 0,016), especially for happiness and anger, and doubted more their choices (t (26) = -2,147, p = 0,041). Another subsample of learning disordered ADHD children without ASS (n = 20) did not differ in basic FER compared to controls (n = 20) but was less efficient in contextualising emotions, especially anxiety, and in Theory of Mind. ADHD children's behavioural problems were inversely proportional to their emotion recognition skills.

Conclusions:

Children with ADHD as a group appear differentially inclined to experience emotion processing difficulties compared to peers. Fine-grained FACE© risk-resiliency mapping helps identifying individual ADHD children in need of training in emotional adjustments to routine contextual demands.
2946 – Suicide Prevention and Media in Hungary
Authors: Balazs J.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Internet and media can play an important role in suicide prevention. in Hungary the suicide rate is the second highest in the European Union. in spite of this fact, in Hungary the first guideline on media coverage of suicide was only published in March 2012. The Suicide Prevention by Internet and Media Based Mental Health Promotion (SUPREME) project aims to develop an Internet based suicide prevention intervention. in the first part of SUPREME project the goal was to obtain an overview of the already existing suicide prevention websites. The current presentation aims the show the Hungarian data.

Methods:

The first thirty search hits was examined using the Google search engine between March 21–25, 2011 on the keyword “suicide” in Hungarian (“öngyilkosság”). Coding of the website was made according to the following categories: type of content, sender, form of communication, age group.

Results:

Type of content was: direct preventive: 25% (n = 6), scientific: 30% (n = 9), news: 23.33%, (n = 7), pro-suicide: 0% (n = 0), other (i.e.: forum, video): 26.67%, (n = 8). Among direct preventive websites the sender was: governmental bodies: 0% (n = 0); non-government organizations: 33.33% (n = 2); corporations: 0% (n = 0); private senders: 66.67% (n = 4); Form of communication was: monological: 33.33% (n = 2); semi-dialogical: 16.67% (n = 1); dialogical: 50% (n = 3); Age group was: children/adolescents: 16.67% (n = 1); young adults: 0% (n = 0), adults/elderly: 83.33% (n = 5).

Conclusions:

Our results highlight the importance of developing Hungarian suicide preventive websites, especially for children, adolescents and young adults. The good news is, that during the study period there wasn’t found any Hungarian pro-suicide website.
2963 – The Economic Disaster in Europe: Psychological and Psychopathological Consequences
Authors: Christodoulou G.N. , Anagnostopoulos D.C. , Christodoulou N.G. , Tsipas V.
Published: July 2013

Although population-level research between economic crises and specific mental disorders is considered scarce, yet there is some evidence arising from previous economic crises in the USA, Asia and the former Soviet Union as well as some evidence arising from the present economic crisis associating such crises with psychopathology and especially depression and suicide. A review of the existing evidence will be carried out in this presentation. The importance of poverty, unemployment and debt will be underlined and the trans-generational effect of economic crises on children will be stressed.

The conclusions are the following:

Depression, especially in its self-destructive clinical expression is one of the major psychopathological conditions that are linked with economic crises. However, it is important to differentiate between understandable sadness, a potentially productive response to economic crises and the dysfunctional response represented by depression.

Screening for depression and suicidal tendencies during periods of economic crises as a routine psychiatric prevention strategy is recommended.

In view of the association of suicidal potential with unemployment, active labor market and family support programs are necessary.

The cost/effectiveness of mental health provision programs (investing in mental health) especially during periods of economic crises should be demonstrated and highlighted.

Highlighting the above and advocating for the establishment of cost-effective active labor market programs, rehabilitation and family support programs are recommended.
2978 – The Age of the Brain
Authors: Benbow A.
Published: July 2013

The objective of the Age of the Brain is change the way people think about their brains and the conditions which affect it forever, and for the better.

This will be achieved through our coordinated efforts as well as by stimulating thousands of other parties - governments, professional societies, patient groups, industry, pressure groups, trusts, individuals and a multitude of other organisations - to be part of this ongoing campaign.

The brain is the most important organ in the body.

Ignorance, epidemic across every level of society is having an impact on the health of our brains across the world. We believe it is time this stopped.

By launching the Age of the Brain, a programme to raise awareness and educate across the world we plan to make a significant impact. This is about changing the way the people think about their brains for good. The programmes will be stimulating, thought-provoking and effective. We aim to challenge current perceptions and re-align incorrect and ignorant thinking but most importantly get people to take personal responsibility for their brain health and well being.

The Programme:

The Age of The Brain is planning a huge central programme composed of:

Interactive exhibitions both fixed and mobile

iMax film

Nine-part TV series

PR and editorial and social media

Ambassadors

Schools and universities programme

Science events

Digital and online activities
2989 – Structural and Functional Neuroimaging in Early Schizophrenia: Translating Research Evidence Into Clinical Utility
Authors: Borgwardt S.
Published: July 2013

Early clinical detection and intervention in schizophrenia has recently become a major objective of mental health services, while research on the early phases of the disorder may provide important clues to the pathophysiology underlying schizophrenia. Thus, the identification of a clinical syndrome that reflect a predisposition to schizophrenia is fundamental from a clinical and a research perspective. The onset of schizophrenia is usually preceded by a prodromal phase characterized by functional decline and subtle prodromal symptoms. However, clinical criteria currently employed to define a high-risk mental state for psychosis have relatively low validity and specificity. Consequently there is an urgent need of reliable biomarkers that underlie schizophrenia. Structural and functional neuroimaging methods have rapidly developed into a powerful tool in biological psychiatry as they provide an unprecedented opportunity for the investigation of brain structure and function. in this core-symposium it will be aimed to show that neuroimaging studies of the prodromal phases of psychosis have the potentials to identify core structural and functional markers of vulnerability to psychosis and to clarify the ongoing changes during the transition from high-risk to first episode psychosis.
2996 – What is the Placebo Effect in Psychiatry?
Authors: Benedetti F.
Published: July 2013

Although placebos have long been considered a nuisance in clinical research, today they represent an active and productive field of research and, because of the involvement of many mechanisms, the study of the placebo effect can actually be viewed as a melting pot of concepts and ideas for neuroscience. Indeed, there exists not a single but many placebo effects, with different mechanisms and in different systems, medical conditions, and therapeutic interventions. For example, brain mechanisms of expectation, anxiety, and reward are all involved, as well as a variety of learning phenomena, such as Pavlovian conditioning, cognitive, and social learning. There is also some experimental evidence of different genetic variants in placebo responsiveness. The most productive models to better understand the neurobiology of the placebo effect are pain and Parkinson's disease. in these medical conditions, the neural networks that are involved have been identified: that is, opioid, cannabinoid, cholecystokinin, dopamine modulatory networks in pain and part of the basal ganglia circuitry in Parkinson's disease. Important clinical implications emerge from these recent advances in placebo research. First, as the placebo effect is basically a psychosocial context effect, these data indicate that different social stimuli, such as words and therapeutic rituals, may change the chemistry and circuitry of the patient's brain. Second, the mechanisms that are activated by placebos are the same as those activated by drugs, which suggests a cognitive/affective interference with drug action. Third, if prefrontal functioning is impaired, placebo responses are reduced, as occurs in dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
3000 – Burnout - Myth or Reality?
Authors: Rössler W.
Published: July 2013

Mental health issues in the workplace have recently received considerable attention due to the industrial world's transformation to a service-based economy. Employers incur substantial costs that arise from mental disorders through lost productivity or absence from work. As such, mental disorders pose one of the largest challenges to social and labour-market policies in industrialized countries.

Within this occupational context, burnout has become a favoured concept. What has emerged from research is a conceptualization of job burnout as a psychological syndrome in response to chronic interpersonal stressors on the job.

Burnout has been associated with various forms of job withdrawal—absenteeism, intention to leave the job and job loss. For people who stay on the job, burnout leads to lower productivity and effectiveness at work. Consequently, burnout is associated with decreased job satisfaction and a reduced commitment to the job. People experiencing burnout also can have a negative impact on their colleagues. There is also evidence that burnout has a negative impact on people's private life and their social relationships.

Thus, the question is not if burnout is a myth or reality but rather why this concept receives so much opposition from mental health professionals. The concept of burnout complies with the public perception about the development of mental disorders and the role of environmental factors. We should take the chance to find a joint model with our patients how disorders arise and can be treated.
3001 – Are Mental Illnesses Disorders of the Brain?
Authors: Rössler W.
Published: July 2013

The term „illness” implies a medical disease model, namely that symptoms or syndromes indicate an underlying organic disease - in the case of psychiatry a disorder of the brain. But no brain markers could be identified until today, which would indicate a psychiatric illness or in particular a certain psychiatric illness. Furthermore organic causes of a mental disorder are an exclusion criterion for a diagnosis of a mental disorder. For all these reasons all international classifications systems use the term “disorder” instead of “illness”.

Beyond the question if mental disorders are disorders of the brain one might challenge the concept of psychiatric diagnoses at all. Most diagnostic thresholds are arbitrary or imposed on pragmatic grounds. For a categorical diagnosis to be scientifically valid, clear symptom boundaries should separate it from other conditions. But this is rarely the case concerning psychiatric diagnoses.

In many respects a dimensional approach would be much more appropriate than a categorical view. A dimensional approach would reflect the fact that mental problems are part of the human condition, which turn into psychiatric disorders when the affected individual cannot perform his or her social roles any longer.

The personal, social and environmental factors that determine mental health and mental illness may be clustered conceptually around themes like the development and maintenance of healthy communities and each person's ability to deal with the social world and manage his or her life. All this would be much more helpful than the conceptualisation of mental disorders as brain diseases.
3002 – Reward System Dysfunction as a Predictor of Psychosis and Addictive Disorders
Authors: Heinz A.
Published: July 2013

In drug and alcohol dependence, detoxification is characterized by a significant reduction in drug-induced dopamine production and release, which has been shown to impair reward anticipation elicited by non-drug-associated stimuli. Drug-associated cues, on the other hand, appear to elicit increased functional activation in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), which has been shown to be associated with impaired dopamine neurotransmission in the ventral striatum (VS). These findings suggest that dopamine dysfunction in alcohol dependence is associated with an attentional and motivational bias towards drug-associated at the expense of non-drug-associated stimuli. In schizophrenia, on the other hand, unmedicated patients show an increase in dopamine synthesis capacity and release in the associative striatum, which may extend into parts of the VS. Here, chaotic or stress-induced dopamine firing appears to interfere with the encoding of salient reward prediction errors, which may result in the attribution of salience towards otherwise irrelevant, neutral cues. In accordance with this hypothesis, functional impairments in the encoding of reward-associated cues were associated with motivational deficits in the VS, while a bias towards processing of negative feedback in the MPFC correlates with the severity of delusions. Computational approaches show that particularly in disorders as schizophrenia, where patients often fail to understand the underlying task structure, it is necessary to model a behavior in order to match patients and controls for the applied strategy - functional activation differences observed when subjects are matched for task strategy then point to a true neurobiological difference, i.e. VS-encoding of prediction errors in schizophrenia.
3003 – Theoretical Psychopathology: What Place in Our Time?
Authors: Musalek M.
Published: July 2013

A main task of psychopathology is to gain a profound understanding of the basic starting points for the work of psychiatrists. Such a psychopathology of understanding depends to a great extent on where the “understanding” psychopathologist is coming from and on what his or her perspectives and concepts are. An understanding of the valency of psychopathological phenomena in the structure of an illness, as an indispensable basis for effective treatment of mental disorders, is impossible without knowledge and understanding of the philosophical roots in the theory of psychopathological research and psychiatric practice. The scientific work on that has found its way into psychiatric literature under headings like theoretical psychopathology, meta-psychiatry or philosophy of psychiatry. What theoretical psychopathology seeks to do is not to address issues of clinical practice per se, but rather using meta-analyses, analyses of the fundaments of psychopathological thinking and practice to contribute to a clarification of seminal and relevant problems of clinical practice and of empirical science. Since self-reflection always entails self-creation within an autopoietic system, theoretical psychopathology as a the self-reflecting sub-discipline of psychopathology plays a central role as a driving force in the development and creation of future psychiatry.
3009 – Randomized, Double-blind, Study of Vortioxetine Versus Agomelatine in Adults with MDD after Inadequate Response to SSRI or SNRI Treatment
Authors: Häggström L. , Nielsen R.Z. , Dragheim M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) is an investigational antidepressant, a multimodal 5-HT3, 5-HT7 and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, 5-HT1B receptor partial agonist, 5-HT1A receptor agonist and inhibitor of the 5-HT transporter.

Objectives

To compare efficacy and tolerability of flexible-dose treatment with vortioxetine versus agomelatine in MDD patients who presented with an inadequate response to SSRI/SNRI monotherapy.

Aims

The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline to Week 8 in MADRS total score analysed by MMRM using a non-inferiority test. Secondary endpoints included assessment of anxiety symptoms (HAM-A), global clinical judgment (CGI), and overall functioning (SDS).

Methods

Randomized, double-blind comparator study (NCT01488071).

Results

Eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to vortioxetine (10-20mg/day) or agomelatine (25-50mg/day) for 12 weeks of double-blind treatment. On the primary efficacy endpoint, vortioxetine (n=252) was statistically significantly superior to agomelatine (n=241) (p< 0.05) by 2.2 MADRS points. Significant differences in favour of vortioxetine were found for the MADRS, HAM-A, CGI-S, CGI-I, and SDS from Week 4 onwards (FAS, MMRM; p< 0.05) and robustness was confirmed by significant differences by ANCOVA (FAS, LOCF). Fewer patients withdrew due to adverse events with vortioxetine (5.9%) than agomelatine (9.5%). Adverse events with the highest incidence were nausea, headache, dizziness and somnolence.

Conclusions

The primary efficacy endpoint of this comparator study was met, with vortioxetine also showing a significant benefit compared to agomelatine in MDD patients who changed antidepressant after an inadequate response to SSRI/SNRI treatment. Statistically significant differences were seen from Week 4 onwards. This study confirms that vortioxetine is efficacious and well-tolerated.
3033 – An Overview of the European Research Networks in Psychiatryan Overview of the European Research Networks in Psychiatry
Authors: Boyer P.
Published: July 2013

Over the past 20 years, the way Mental Health research has been conducted in Europe has changed dramatically. To remain isolated is highly detrimental to the impact of the data collected and is making extremely difficult the dissemination of the results. The key word from the very beginning is collaboration: to facilitate it different European networks have been established.

A network should be considered as a flexible research structure in which the participants have common objectives, are using common tools and are looking for common outputs. To achieve this ambitious aim, instruments (both psychometric and neurobiological) have to be standardized and cross validated, methods for data acquisition have to be shared by all participants, a dedicated center for data management has to be chosen and, in case of specific procedures (neuro-imaging, genotyping etc...), the modalities for storage have to be defined in advance. Without these preliminary steps a network will function more as a patchwork of different centers than as a common repository of procedures, expertise and data. To tell it more directly the purpose of a network is not only to bring in more power by offering large recruitment possibilities, but is also to create an operational database with a true open access and to be the actual basis for a knowledge transfer benefiting to the scientific community. One of the main criticism which can be made to many of the European networks which have been established in the past is that they have functioned in a closed manner with no possibilities for external teams to have access not only to the data but as well to the procedures or to the tools used. The consequence has been the difficulty to replicate the results and the necessity...to recreate new networks, which is a waste of time and a waste of money! To avoid this kind of repetitive duplication of the same types of networks a better identification of existing networks is needed (how many European research networks on schizophrenia for example - a global map will be presented-), clear criteria have to be proposed for considering a network operational and a coordination with established joint programme initiatives has to be implemented.
3038 – Characteristics of Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Suicide Attempts among Adolescents in Europe: Results from the European Research Consortium Seyle
Authors: Brunner R. , Kaess M. , Parzer P. , Fischer G. , Resch F. , Carli V. , Hoven C. , Wasserman C. , Sarchiapone M. , Wasserman D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an increasing phenomenon among adolescents. So far, comparable data on prevalence and psychosocial correlates are still rare due to different definitions, study samples, and measures.

Aims

To investigate the prevalence and associated psychosocial factors of occasional and repetitive non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and its relationship to suicide attempts in a representative adolescent samples from eleven European countries.

Methods

Cross sectional assessment of adolescents was performed within the European Union funded project, Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE), which was conducted in eleven European countries. The representative sample comprised 12,068 adolescents (F/M: 6,717/5,351; mean age: 14.9±0.89) recruited from randomly selected schools. Frequency of NSSI was assessed by a modified version of the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) and the Paykel Suicide Scale. Additionally, a broad range of demographic, social and psychological factors was assessed.

Results

Overall lifetime prevalence of NSSI was 27.6%; 19.7% reported occasional NSSI and 7.8% repetitive NSSI. Lifetime prevalence ranged from 17.1% to 38.6% across countries. Suicidality, anxiety and depression had the highest odds ratios for both occasional and repetitive NSSI.

Conclusions

Results suggest high lifetime prevalence of NSSI in European adolescents, with significant country differences. A strong association of NSSI with both psychopathology and risk-behaviours, including family-related neglect and peer-related rejection/victimization could be found. These results, combined with the observed gender and country differences, support the need for a multidimensional approach to better understand the development of NSSI and facilitate culturally adapted prevention/intervention.
U.S.-Habsburg Relations from 1815 to the Paris Peace Conference
Authors: Phelps Nicole M.
Published: July 2013

This study provides the first book-length account of US-Habsburg relations from their origins in the early nineteenth century through the aftermath of World War I and the Paris Peace Conference. By including not only high-level diplomacy but also an analysis of diplomats' ceremonial and social activities, as well as an exploration of consular efforts to determine the citizenship status of thousands of individuals who migrated between the two countries, Nicole M. Phelps demonstrates the influence of the Habsburg government on the integration of the United States into the nineteenth-century great power system and the influence of American racial politics on the Habsburg empire's conceptions of nationalism and democracy. In the crisis of World War I, the US-Habsburg relationship transformed international politics from a system in which territorial sovereignty protected diversity to one in which nation-states based on racial categories were considered ideal.
Ostia in Late Antiquity
Authors: Boin Douglas
Published: July 2013

Ostia Antica was Rome's ancient harbor. Its houses and apartments, taverns and baths, warehouses, shops and temples have long contributed to a picture of daily life in ancient Rome. Recent investigations have revealed, however, that life in Ostia did not end with a bang but with a whimper. Only on the cusp of the Middle Ages did the town's residents entrench themselves in a smaller settlement outside the walls. What can this new evidence tell us about life in the later Roman Empire, as society navigated an increasingly Christian world? Ostia in Late Antiquity, the first academic study on Ostia to appear in English in almost 20 years and the first to treat the Late Antique period, tackles the dynamics of this transformative time. Drawing on new archaeological research, including the author's own, and incorporating both material and textual sources, it presents a social history of the town from the third through the ninth century.
Animal Teeth and Human Tools
Authors: Turner II Christy G. , Ovodov Nicolai D. , Pavlova Olga V.
Published: July 2013

The culmination of more than a decade of fieldwork and related study, this unique book uses analyses of perimortem taphonomy in Ice Age Siberia to propose a new hypothesis for the peopling of the New World. The authors present evidence based on examinations of more than 9000 pieces of human and carnivore bone from 30 late Pleistocene archaeological and palaeontological sites, including cave and open locations, which span more than 2000 miles from the Ob River in the West to the Sea of Japan in the East. The observed bone damage signatures suggest that the conventional prehistory of Siberia needs revision and, in particular, that cave hyenas had a significant influence on the lives of Ice Age Siberians. The findings are supported by more than 250 photographs, which illustrate the bone damage described and provide a valuable insight into the context and landscape of the fieldwork for those unfamiliar with Siberia.
Women and the Transmission of Religious Knowledge in Islam
Authors: Sayeed Asma
Published: July 2013

Asma Sayeed's book explores the history of women as religious scholars from the first decades of Islam through the early Ottoman period. Focusing on women's engagement with hadīth, this book analyzes dramatic chronological patterns in women's hadīth participation in terms of developments in Muslim social, intellectual and legal history. It challenges two opposing views: that Muslim women have been historically marginalized in religious education, and alternately that they have been consistently empowered thanks to early role models such as 'Ā'isha bint Abī Bakr, the wife of the Prophet Muhammad. This book is a must-read for those interested in the history of Muslim women as well as in debates about their rights in the modern world. The intersections of this history with topics in Muslim education, the development of Sunnī orthodoxies, Islamic law and hadīth studies make this work an important contribution to Muslim social and intellectual history of the early and classical eras.
Characterisation of the MALT90 Survey and the Mopra Telescope at 90 GHz
Authors: Foster J. B. , Rathborne J. M. , Sanhueza P. , Claysmith C. , Whitaker J. S. , Jackson J. M. , Mascoop J. L. , Wienen M. , Breen S. L. , Herpin F. , Duarte-Cabral A. , Csengeri T. , Contreras Y. , Indermuehle B. , Barnes P. J. , Walsh A. J. , Cunningham M. R. , Britton T. R. , Voronkov M. A. , Urquhart J. S. , Alves J. , Jordan C. H. , Hill T. , Hoq S. , Brooks K. J. , Longmore S. N.
Published: July 2013

We characterise the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz Survey (MALT90) and the Mopra telescope at 90 GHz. We combine repeated position-switched observations of the source G300.968+01.145 with a map of the same source in order to estimate the pointing reliability of the position-switched observations and, by extension, the MALT90 survey; we estimate our pointing uncertainty to be 8 arcsec. We model the two strongest sources of systematic gain variability as functions of elevation and time-of-day and quantify the remaining absolute flux uncertainty. Corrections based on these two variables reduce the scatter in repeated observations from 12%–25% down to 10%–17%. We find no evidence for intrinsic source variability in G300.968+01.145. For certain applications, the corrections described herein will be integral for improving the absolute flux calibration of MALT90 maps and other observations using the Mopra telescope at 90 GHz.
Subdural haematoma as a rare complication of cochlear implantation: case report and literature review
Authors: Gürbüz M S , Orakdöğen M , Berkman M Z , Yüksel M O
Published: July 2013

Objective:

To report a case of subdural haematoma occurring as an extremely rare and life-threatening complication of cochlear implantation, and to explore the causative association between intracranial haemorrhage and cochlear implantation surgical techniques. This association has not previously been reviewed in depth.

Case report:

A three-year-old boy was diagnosed with a large subdural haematoma, one week after cochlear implantation. After emergency evacuation of the haematoma, the patient made an excellent recovery and was discharged from hospital without any neurological deficit.

Results:

Mechanisms of injury are discussed and the literature reviewed, focusing on the possible causes of intracranial haemorrhage identified after cochlear implantation. Notably, bone drilling had been used in all reported cases, and the probable causative injury had always occurred after such drilling.

Conclusion:

The issue of bone drilling during cochlear implantation is raised, and alternative methods of implant housing suggested, in order to avoid intracranial haemorrhage.
Street-level Interpellation: How Government Addresses Mothers Claiming Income Support
Authors: BLAXLAND MEGAN
Published: July 2013

Meetings between advisers and claimants are central to many welfare-to-work programmes. These ‘street-level’ exchanges between clients and staff are critical to the implementation of policy. When talking to welfare claimants, it becomes clear that contact with welfare bureaucrats is constitutive of their experience of policy and it is not until parent and adviser meet and negotiate that the policy is truly enacted. The policy comes into being through an exchange between advisers and parents, who interact, albeit unequally, to shape the proceedings. This paper examines the experience of parents claiming income support who faced compulsory employment measures. Drawing on research with claimants of teenage children, I examine the adviser meeting as an interpellative interaction. The state addresses mothers as workers and welfare claimants in an interpellation which is mediated by the adviser in dialogue with the mother. This analysis demonstrates how the notion of interpellation can inform research on street-level interactions.
Changes in voicing perception by adult French speakers after identification training
Authors: COLLET GREGORY , COLIN CÉCILE , SERNICLAES WILLY , HOONHORST INGRID , MARKESSIS EMILY , DELTENRE PAUL , LEYBAERT JACQUELINE
Published: July 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in voicing identification, discrimination, and categorical perception induced by identification training centered on three different training values. One group of French-speaking adults was trained across a universal auditory boundary (−30 ms voice onset time), and two other groups were trained across arbitrary boundaries (−45 or −60 ms voice onset time). A control group did not receive any training. The results showed that both the −30 and the −45 training groups exhibited a 10 ms shift in the identification boundary. Moreover, for the −30 training group, discrimination and categorical perception changed around the French phonological boundary. These results illustrate the possibility of modifying the French phonological perception after short-time training, particularly when centered on a universal boundary. However, training only had limited effects and even strengthened the phonological boundary, congruent with the hypothesis that this boundary is acquired by a perceptual “coupling” between universal boundaries.
Unequal Vividness and Double Effect
Authors: SINHABABU NEIL
Published: July 2013

I argue that the Doctrine of Double Effect is accepted because of unreliable processes of belief-formation, making it unacceptably likely to be mistaken. We accept the doctrine because we more vividly imagine intended consequences of our actions than merely foreseen ones, making our aversions to the intended harms more violent, and making us judge that producing the intended harms is morally worse. This explanation fits psychological evidence from Schnall and others, and recent neuroscientific research from Greene, Klein, Kahane and Schaich Borg. It explains Mikhail and Hauser's ‘universal moral grammar’ and an interesting phenomenon about Double Effect cases noted by Bennett. When unequally vivid representations determine our decisions, we typically misjudge the merits of our options and make mistakes. So if Double Effect is a product of unequal vividness, it is likely to be mistaken. This argument, I claim, fits Berker's specifications for good empirically grounded arguments in ethics.