bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TP53 R249S mutation in hepatic organoids captures the predisposing cancer risk
Authors: Lam Yin Kau , Yu Jianqing , Huang Hao , Ding Xiaofan , Wong Alissa M. , Leung Howard H. , Chan Anthony W. , Ng Kelvin K. , Xu Mingjing , Wang Xin , Wong Nathalie
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims:

Major genomic drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are nowadays well recognized, although models to establish their roles in human HCC initiation remain scarce. Here, we used human liver organoids in experimental systems to mimic the early stages of human liver carcinogenesis from the genetic lesions of TP53 loss and L3 loop R249S mutation. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) of HCC cell lines shed important functional insights into the initiation of HCC consequential to the loss of tumor‐suppressive function from TP53 deficiency and gain‐of‐function activities from mutant p53.

Approach and Results:

Human liver organoids were generated from surgical nontumor liver tissues. CRISPR knockout of TP53 in liver organoids consistently demonstrated tumor‐like morphological changes, increased in stemness and unrestricted in vitro propagation. To recapitulate TP53 status in human HCC, we overexpressed mutant R249S in TP53 knockout organoids. A spontaneous increase in tumorigenic potentials and bona fide HCC histology in xenotransplantations were observed. ChIP‐seq analysis of HCC cell lines underscored gain‐of‐function properties from L3 loop p53 mutants in chromatin remodeling and overcoming extrinsic stress. More importantly, direct transcriptional activation of PSMF1 by mutant R249S could increase organoid resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress, which was readily abrogated by PSMF1 knockdown in rescue experiments. In a patient cohort of primary HCC tumors and genome‐edited liver organoids, quantitative polymerase chain reaction corroborated ChIP‐seq findings and verified preferential genes modulated by L3 mutants, especially those enriched by R249S.

Conclusions:

We showed differential tumorigenic effects from TP53 loss and L3 mutations, which together confer normal hepatocytes with early clonal advantages and prosurvival functions.
In‐phase, out‐of‐phase, bottom‐wall two‐frequency boundary temperature modulations on the onset of Rayleigh‐Bénard convection
Authors: Mathew Ansa , Pranesh S.
Published: October 2022

The onset of convection in a Newtonian liquid‐containing system is investigated using a two‐frequency boundary temperature. The consequences of three types of two‐frequency boundary temperature modulations have been thoroughly investigated: (i) in‐phase, (ii) out‐of‐phase, and (iii) bottom‐wall. The combined effect of two frequencies with sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal wave types is also documented under these various types of boundary temperature modulations. To facilitate the study, the Venezian method is approved and the critical Rayleigh number and its correction are calculated. The parameters resulting from the study's two frequencies of modulation are the mixing angle, , the amplitudes, , and the set of coprime integers, . The system's thermodynamics determines the range of these parameters. The research discovered that out‐of‐phase two‐frequency boundary temperature modulation is the most stable, while in‐phase is the least stable. Besides that, any combination of wave type with square wave type yields the most excellent stability. Furthermore, the two‐frequency boundary temperature modulation is more stable than the single‐frequency and no‐modulation cases.
COVID‐19 lung infection segmentation from chest CT images based on CAPA‐ResUNet
Authors: Ma Lu , Song Shuni , Guo Liting , Tan Wenjun , Xu Lisheng
Published: October 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic has devastating effects on personal health around the world. It is significant to achieve accurate segmentation of pulmonary infection regions, which is an early indicator of disease. To solve this problem, a deep learning model, namely, the content‐aware pre‐activated residual UNet (CAPA‐ResUNet), was proposed for segmenting COVID‐19 lesions from CT slices. In this network, the pre‐activated residual block was used for down‐sampling to solve the problems of complex foreground and large fluctuations of distribution in datasets during training and to avoid gradient disappearance. The area loss function based on the false segmentation regions was proposed to solve the problem of fuzzy boundary of the lesion area. This model was evaluated by the public dataset (COVID‐19 Lung CT Lesion Segmentation Challenge—2020) and compared its performance with those of classical models. Our method gains an advantage over other models in multiple metrics. Such as the Dice coefficient, specificity (Spe), and intersection over union (IoU), our CAPA‐ResUNet obtained 0.775 points, 0.972 points, and 0.646 points, respectively. The Dice coefficient of our model was 2.51% higher than Content‐aware residual UNet (CARes‐UNet). The code is available at https://github.com/malu108/LungInfectionSeg.
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Authors: Chodankar Nilesh R. , Patil Swati J. , Lee Sangjin , Lee Jaeho , Hwang Seung‐Kyu , Shinde Pragati A. , Bagal Indrajit V. , Karekar Smita V. , Seeta Rama Raju Ganji , Shanmugam Ranjith Kugalur , Dubal Deepak P. , Huh Yun‐Suk , Han Young‐Kyu
Published: October 2022

Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion hybrid capacitors were developed in this work via engineering a Zn‐anode/electrolyte interface and 3D Graphene‐like Carbon Cathode. The designed hybrid device realizes the battery‐like specific energy (203 Wh kg–1) and supercapacitor‐type power capability (4.9 kW kg–1) and cycling stability (96.75% retention over 30000 cycles) at a much lower price than the commercial supercapacitors and Li‐ion batteries. This work (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12344) provides a scalable yet cost‐effective approach for developing a next‐generation Zn‐ion‐based energy storage system.

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The SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgG antibodies biophotonic sensor
Authors: Szczerska Małgorzata , Wityk Paweł , Listewnik Paulina
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present the design and the principle of operation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) biophotonic sensor, which is based on the single‐mode telecommunication fiber. We fabricated the sensor head at the face of the single mode fiber‐28. Due to the process of bio‐functionalization, our sensor has the ability to selectively detect the SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgG antibodies. The results of preliminary tests allowed us to correctly determine the presence of antibodies in less than 1 min in 5 μl in a volume sample of concentration of 10 μg/ml, which according to studies, corresponds to the concentration of IgG antibodies in human serum. Additionally, the tested sample can be smaller than 5 μl in volume.
Comparison of temporomandibular joint disc, meniscus, and intervertebral disc in fundamental characteristics and tissue engineering
Authors: She Yilin , Tang Shiyi , Zhu Zilin , Sun Yixin , Deng Wanyu , Wang Sicheng , Jiang Nan
Published: October 2022

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc, meniscus and intervertebral disc (IVD) are three fibrocartilage discs, which play critical roles in our daily life. Their degeneration contributes to diseases such as TMJ disorders, osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease, affecting patients' quality of life and causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, similar in some aspects of fundamental characteristics, they exhibit differences in other aspects such as biomechanical properties. Highlighting these similarities and differences can not only benefit a comprehensive understanding of them and their pathology but also assist in future research of tissue engineering. Likewise, comparing their tissue engineering in cell sources, scaffold and stimuli can guide imitation and improvement of their engineered discs. However, the anatomical structure, function, and biomechanical characteristics of the IVD, TMJ, and Meniscus have not been compared in any meaningful depth needed to advance current tissue engineering research on these joints, resulting in incomplete understanding of them and their pathology and ultimately limiting future research of tissue engineering. This review, for the first time, comprehensively compares three fibrocartilage discs in those aspects to cast light on their similarities and differences.
Bifunctional manganese ferrite nanoparticles: Tuning their efficiency for aniline polymerization and polyaniline nanocomposites for boosting adsorption of organic dyes
Authors: Gemeay Ali H. , El‐Helaly Abeer A. , El‐Sheikh Mohamed Y. , El‐Daly Hosny A.
Published: October 2022

The uniqueness of this work is the comparison of manganese ferrites/polyaniline (MnxFe3 − xO4/PANI) produced using K2S2O8 as an oxidant for aniline with the efficacy of spinel manganese ferrite with various Mn2+ ratios for the polymerization of aniline. The structural and morphological properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) techniques. XRD results confirmed the formation of a single‐phase cubic spinel structure with a lattice constant of approximately 8.3 Å. The surface enriched by Mn2+ exhibited an enhanced valence of +3 and +4, increased lattice oxygen content, facilitated ferrite reduction, and improved the oxidative performance of Fe3+. The saturation magnetization decreased with an increase in Mn+2 ratios and PANI contents. The nanocomposites exhibited excellent adsorption of Lanaset Brown B dye, which was investigated as a model textile dye. Various adsorption capacities (qmax) for the nanocomposites were calculated in a range of 122.39–215 mg/g, depending on the synthesis conditions. Optimization parameters, such as pH, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration, as well as reusability, were described. The Langmuir isotherm is a better model for describing the adsorption process of the nanocomposites. An evaluation of thermodynamic parameters suggests the sorption process is feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic.
The relationship between metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease and low muscle mass in an asymptomatic Korean population
Authors: Seo Ji Yeon , Cho Eun Ju , Kim Min Joo , Kwak Min‐Sun , Yang Jong In , Chung Su Jin , Yim Jeong Yoon , Yoon Ji Won , Chung Goh Eun
Published: October 2022

Background

Metabolic (dysfunction)‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) emphasizes the metabolic dysfunction in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the relationship between low muscle mass and NAFLD has been suggested, the effect of MAFLD on low muscle mass is yet to be investigated. In this study, we examined the relationship between MAFLD and low muscle mass in an asymptomatic Korean population.

Methods

Examinees who underwent FibroScan® and bioelectrical impedance analyses on the same day during the period of June 2017 to December 2019 were included. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) with two cut‐off values of 248 and 294 dB/m. Low muscle mass was defined based on appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body weight (wt) or body mass index (BMI) ratios of two standard deviations below the sex‐specific mean for healthy young adults. Subjects were divided into four subgroups: diabetic MAFLD (presence of diabetes mellitus [DM]), metabolic dysfunction (MD) MAFLD (≥2 metabolic abnormalities without DM), overweight MAFLD (overweight/obese without DM and <2 metabolic abnormalities) and no MAFLD.

Results

Among all of the 6414 subjects (mean 53.9 years of age; 85.4% male), the prevalence of MAFLD was 49.9% and 22.7% for CAP cut‐off values of 248 and 294 dB/m, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, MAFLD was associated with an increased risk of both low muscle mass_wt (odds ratio [OR] 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38–2.35, P < 0.001) and low muscle mass_BMI (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01–1.70, P = 0.042). The risk of low muscle mass_wt and low muscle mass_BMI increased the most in the diabetic MAFLD subgroup compared with the no‐MAFLD group (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.51–2.96, P < 0.001 and OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08–2.13, P = 0.017). There was an increased risk of low muscle mass_wt in the MD MAFLD subgroup (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.31–2.28, P < 0.001). Comparable results were observed when the CAP cut‐off value of 294 dB/m was applied.

Conclusions

The presence of MAFLD is significantly associated with increased risk of low muscle mass with varying risks according to the MAFLD subgroups. Clinicians should be aware of the differentiated risk of low muscle mass across the subgroups of MAFLD.
Is age‐related sarcopenia a real concern for my developing country?
Authors: Boshnjaku Arben
Published: October 2022

Ageing is a distinctive feature of living organisms. With the modernization of human societies, including the development of science, technology and education, expected life expectancy at birth is being extended. This allows novel health‐related conditions to gain particular interest amongst the field experts. Along comes sarcopenia, an age‐related condition of global proportions that effects all populations, societies and countries. Several international working groups have been trying to identify the more appropriate and applicable sarcopenia definition and diagnostic criteria to follow. Contrary to the initial muscle mass‐related context, the shift of attention to muscle strength by the revised European Working Group in Sarcopenia for Older People (EWGSOP2) was ground‐breaking and potentially game‐changing. The suggested diagnostic algorithm by the EWGSOP2 for case finding, diagnosing and quantifying the severity of cases further facilitated the applicability on clinical practices.

Since being directly related to the ageing process, sarcopenia presents an issue of growing concern particularly within the high‐income and developed world regions that are generally characterized with an increased life expectancy. In contrast, the developing world and their generally lower life expectancy do not always have sarcopenia amongst the top targeted health‐related concerns. In such cases, the expected life expectancy and the populations' quality of life do not necessarily present an issue of major interest. Other serious medical concerns of acute state often eclipse the need for long‐term health‐related investments, shifting the interest towards only direct interventions and short‐term planning.

In conclusion, the emerging of sarcopenia as a serious age‐related concern is finding care providers and healthcare systems from lower and middle‐income countries (LMICs) unprepared. For the time being, it needs to be introduced and promoted in the developing world as a condition with direct life‐threatening implications. Simple and creative forms of approach should be ideated and implemented in both scientific and clinical contexts (by researchers and care providers, respectively). The best practice to address this situation would be by empowering intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaborations, as well as facilitating interconnections between researches, healthcare practitioners and clients. This should help establish sarcopenia as a serious age‐related condition that needs a multidisciplinary and multidimensional approach.
Prediction of serial perpetrator residence: Part I—Induction of models utilising spatio‐temporal routing functions and investigative information
Authors: Spaulding Jamie S. , Morris Keith B.
Published: October 2022

This article presents a new framework for the geographic profiling problem which assesses and integrates the travel environment of road networks; beliefs and assumptions formed through the investigation process about the perpetrator; and information derived from the analysis of evidence. Each piece of information is evaluated in conjunction with functions which gather real‐time travel information, including both time and distance of likely perpetrator travel, and is then used to update prior beliefs about the potential base of operation of the perpetrator. A novel approach was developed to generate geographic profiles given different amounts of information about the perpetrator: a centrographic strategy for when only the victim dump sites are known; a perpetrator trek strategy for instances where both victim encounter and dump sites are available; and a formal evidence‐driven model which leverages and integrates available information and evidence relevant to the case for the development of a geographic profile. A follow‐up article will evaluate these models through a comprehensive application to the Yorkshire Ripper investigation (see Part II).
Altered MUC1 epitope-specific CTLs: A potential target for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hong Jingwen , Guo Guoxiang , Wu Suxin , Lin Shengzhe , Zhou Zhifeng , Chen Shuping , Ye Chunmei , Li Jieyu , Lin Wansong , Ye Yunbin
Published: October 2022

The efficacy of conventional treatments for pancreatic cancer remains unsatisfactory, and immunotherapy is an emerging option for adjuvant treatment of this highly deadly disorder. The tumor-associated antigen (TAA) MUC1 is expressed in a variety of human cancers and is overexpressed in more than 90% of pancreatic cancer, which makes it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. As a self-protein, MUC1 shows a low immunogenicity because of immune tolerance, and the most effective approach to breaking immune tolerance is alteration of the antigen structure. In this study, the altered MUC11068-1076Y1 epitope (YLQRDISEM) by modification of amino acid residues in sequences presented a higher immunogenicity and elicited more CTLs relative to the wild-type (WT) MUC11068-1076 epitope (ELQRDISEM). In addition, the altered MUC11068-1076Y1 epitope was found to cross-recognize pancreatic cancer cells expressing WT MUC1 peptides in an HLA-A0201-restricted manner and trigger stronger immune responses against pancreatic cancer via the perforin/granzyme apoptosis pathway. As a potential HLA-A0201-restricted CTL epitope, the altered MUC11068-1076Y1 epitope is considered as a promising target for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer. Alteration of epitope residues may be feasible to solve the problem of the low immunogenicity of TAA and break immune tolerance to induce immune responses against human cancers.
Synthesizing of concentric circular antenna arrays by using a combination of ant lion optimizer and sequential quadratic programming
Authors: Taser Ahmet Emre , Guney Kerim , Kurt Erhan
Published: October 2022

Antenna array synthesis is quite a popular topic in electromagnetics and finding suitable array parameter values is a challenging nonlinear engineering problem in this field. In recent years, it has been realized that optimization algorithms can be used to achieve desired solutions in this area. Besides, improvements in the optimization algorithms make it possible to perform synthesis processes on different array structures and to obtain better results. In this paper, a method based on a combination of ant lion optimizer (ALO) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is proposed for the concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) synthesis. Excitation amplitudes of array elements are optimized for CCAAs with low maximum sidelobe level (MSL), narrow first null beamwidth (FNBW), and low dynamic range ratio (DRR). The results of proposed ALO‐SQP method are compared with those of 11 different algorithms: ALO, moth flame optimizer (MFO), SQP, symbiotic organisms search (SOS), biogeography based optimization (BBO), opposition‐based gravitational search algorithm (OGSA), cat swarm optimization (CSO), firefly algorithm (FA), evolutionary programming (EP), backtracking search optimization algorithm (BSA), and seeker optimization algorithm (SOA). The comparisons indicate that the CCAAs synthesis using the proposed method presents good MSLs, FNBWs, and DRRs.
Aflatoxins in food systems: recent advances in toxicology, biosynthesis, regulation and mitigation through green nanoformulations
Authors: Tiwari Shikha , Singh Bijendra Kumar , Dubey Nawal Kishore
Published: October 2022

Aflatoxins are hepatocarcinogenic and immunosuppressive mycotoxins mainly synthesized by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius in food systems, causing negative health impacts to humans and other organisms. Aflatoxins contaminate most of the agri‐products of tropical and subtropical regions due to hot and humid conditions and persist in food items even after food processing steps, causing major threat towards the food security. Different physical and chemical strategies have been applied to mitigate aflatoxin contamination. However, negative impacts of chemical preservatives towards health and environment limit their practical applicability. In this regard, plant‐based preservatives, due to their economical, eco‐friendly and safer profile, are considered as a sustainable approach towards food safety. Incorporation of nanotechnology would enhance the bio‐efficacy of green preservatives by overcoming some of their major challenges, such as volatility. The present review deals with recent information on toxicology and molecular and enzymatic regulatory pathways in the biosynthesis of aflatoxins in food systems. A proper understanding of the role of different genes and regulatory proteins may provide novel preventive strategies for aflatoxin detoxification and also in development of aflatoxin‐resistant food items. The review also emphasizes the role of green nanoformulations as a sustainable approach towards the management of aflatoxins in food systems. In addition, some technological challenges of green nanotechnology have also been discussed in this review, along with highlighting some future perspectives. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis of peptides separated from the insoluble matrix by in‐sample tryptic protein digestion for rapid discrimination of various induced pathological states of human bone models in oral surgery
Authors: Michalus Iva , Van Nguyen Tran , Viktorová Jitka , Cejnar Pavel , Šantrůček Jiří , Kučková Štěpánka , Sázelová Petra , Kašička Václav , Hynek Radovan
Published: October 2022

For the understanding of pathological states of bone tissues in oral surgery, it would be desirable to have the possibility to simulate these processes on bone cell models in vitro. These cultures, similarly to bone tissues, contain numerous proteins entrapped in the insoluble matrix. The major goal of this study was to verify whether a method based on direct in‐matrix protein digestion could be suitable for the discrimination between different induced pathological states of bone cell models cultivated in vitro. Using in‐sample specific protein digestion with trypsin followed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis of released peptides, 446 proteins (in average per sample) were identified in a bone cell in vitro model with induced cancer, 440 proteins were found in a model with induced inflammation, 451 proteins were detected in control in vitro culture, and 491 proteins were distinguished in samples of vestibular laminas of maxillary bone tissues originating from six different patients. Subsequent partial least squares – discrimination analysis of obtained liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry data was able to discriminate among in vitro cultures with induced cancer, with induced inflammation, and control cultivation. Thus, the direct in‐sample protein digestion by trypsin followed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis of released specific peptide fragments from the insoluble matrix and mathematical analysis of the mass spectrometry data seems to be a promising tool for the routine proteomic characterization of in vitro human bone models with induced different pathological states.
Symptom Localization May Differentiate Subtypes of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Authors: Parsel Sean M , Moxley Erika M , Navarro Alvaro I , Kattar Nrusheel , Barton Blair M , McCoul Edward D
Published: October 2022

Objective

To evaluate the predictive ability of symptom self‐localization to distinguish obstructive eustachian tube dysfunction from non‐obstructive salpingitis.

Methods

Adult (age ≥18 years) patients with a primary complaint of aural discomfort who underwent diagnostic nasal endoscopy and tympanometry at a tertiary academic center were enrolled. Symptoms were self‐localized by using a single finger on the affected side. All patients completed the 7‐item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ‐7) and underwent scoring of eustachian tube inflammation using the Endoscopic Evaluation of the Eustachian Tube (3ET) system.

Results

Seventy‐three patients were included in the study. Symptoms were localized to the external auditory canal (EAC) in 28 (38.4%), to the infratemporal fossa (ITF) below the lobule in 37 (50.7%), and to the preauricular region in 8 (11.0%). Demographics and medical history were similar between groups. The EAC group had significantly more negative tympanometric peak pressure (TPP) (median, −92.0 daPa; IQR, 95.5) and higher 3ET scores. In contrast, the ITF group had normal TPP (median, −2.0 daPa; IQR, 7.0) and higher 3ET scores. The preauricular group was more likely to have temporomandibular joint or pterygoid muscle pain. ETDQ‐7 scores did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusion

Symptom localization is associated with specific objective findings in the evaluation of aural discomfort. Patients with pain localizing to the ITF are more likely to have findings of eustachian tube salpingitis without obstruction whereas patients with symptoms deep in the EAC are more likely to have findings consistent with obstructive eustachian tube dysfunction.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1818–1823, 2023
Weighted subdirect sum of matrices: Definition and properties for positivity classes
Authors: Pedroche Francisco
Published: October 2022

The concept of subdirect sum of matrices (a type of sum of matrices with overlapping blocks) was introduced in 1999 and has been broadly studied. In this paper we extend this concept by introducing the weighted subdirect sum: a sum of matrices with overlapping blocks allowing to give a different weight to the overlapped blocks. This concept naturally arises in applications with overlapping regions such as overlapping graphs in multilayer networks or in iterative methods to solve linear systems of equations based on overlapping blocks. We analyze the same positivity classes of matrices that were studied for the usual subdirect sum in the seminal paper of 1999. We extend those previous results on positivity classes to the new weighted subdirect sum, and we also introduce a methodology that can be useful to extend these results to other classes of matrices. We illustrate the theoretical results with some small examples and we show the potential applicability of the new concept in two lines of future research.
The effect of oral nutrition supplements and appetite stimulants on weight status among pediatric cancer patients: A systematic review
Authors: Hawes Corey , Gomes Alison , Byham‐Gray Laura , Henderson Stephanie
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study was to identify the use and impact of oral nutrition supplements (ONSs) and appetite stimulants on weight status among pediatric patients diagnosed with malignancy. We performed a literature search of trials using Medline PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and included all prospective studies except review articles and case‐reports/series that assessed ONSs or appetite stimulants among patients (0–20 years old) diagnosed with a pediatric malignancy. Databases were searched through May 17, 2022. There were six trials included with three studies related to ONS and the remaining on appetite stimulants. No studies that compared both ONS and appetite stimulants were found. To assess quality, we used the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions and the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials depending on the study design. The studies all had pediatric patients diagnosed with a variety of malignancy types. All studies demonstrated improvement of weight status in the treatment group across various malignancy types. However, none of the studies addressed nutrition intakes outside of ONS consumption, compliance to ONSs, or frequency of ONS use. Despite the short durations (3–6 months) and significant differences in the timing of intervention initiation (ONS or appetite stimulants), these treatment modalities can improve weight status. Further research is needed to identify the best intervention for improving weight status.
Proteome and phosphoproteome profiling of non‐small cell lung cancer cell line A549 treated with TRAIL
Authors: Zhong Yi , Yang Fen , Su Tao , Wu Xiyu , Zheng Wen , Zhang Lu , Liang Ge , Wang Lian , Wang Lijun , Wang Shisheng , Yang Hao
Published: October 2022

Tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is recognized for its promising therapeutic effects against cancer. However, mechanisms underlying the effect of TRAIL on protein expression, signal transduction, and apoptosis induction remain unclear. We surmised that a systematic analysis of the proteome and phosphoproteome associated with TRAIL signaling may help elucidate the mechanisms involved and facilitate the development of therapeutics. Therefore, we investigated the proteome and phosphoproteome of non‐small cell lung cancer cell line A549 treated with TRAIL. Our results indicated that 126 proteins and 1684 phosphosites were markedly differentially expressed between the phosphate‐buffered saline‐ and TRAIL‐treated groups. The expression at protein and phosphosite levels were not completely consistent. Gene ontology functional analysis revealed that metal ion (zinc) binding was highly affected by TRAIL treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that almost all pathways that involved differentially expressed phosphosites were associated with apoptosis. We also identified an important kinase, AKT1, and its series of substrates in TRAIL signaling. The results of this study may provide guidance for future research on tumor therapy using TRAIL.
Hydrothermally Grown Zinc Oxide Nanostructures@Carbon Composites for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Gupta Manish Kumar , Kumar Yogesh , Sonnathi Neeleshwar , Sharma Sanjay Kumar
Published: October 2022

A simple approach for growing porous nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) and making its well‐dispersed nanocomposite with activated carbon (AC) is demonstrated. Synthesis is done hydrothermally at 140 °C for 10 hours. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements confirm the formation of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles with flower‐shaped morphology comprising clusters of nanopetals. ZnO and its composite with AC are used to fabricate symmetric hybrid supercapacitors. The electrochemical performance of ZnO electrode is compared to ZnO–AC composite electrode using 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. The electrochemical performance evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) demonstrates enhanced charge storage in ZnO–AC electrodes. The specific capacitance values of ZnO and ZnO–AC‐based electrodes are found to be 214 and 298 F g−1 respectively at a current density of 1 A g−1 and the energy densities are 29.72 and 48.39 Wh kg−1 respectively at power density of 1 kW kg−1. The porous space between ZnO nanopetals and its high surface area geometry coupled with complementing properties of AC seems to facilitate a  synergistic effect between ZnO's faradaic and AC's electric double‐layer charge storage mechanisms, thus leading to enhanced specific capacitance with superior performance.
High‐Temperature Laser‐Assisted Synthesis of Boron Nanorods, Nanowires, and Bamboo‐Like Nanotubes
Authors: Adebisi Mufutau A. , Chen Chii-Dong , Maaza Malik , Ronning Carsten , Manikandan Elayaperumal , Motaung David E. , Christopher Phillip S. , Bharuth-Ram Krish , Aliyu Nafiu S. , Pillay Michael N. , Moodley Mathew K.
Published: October 2022

A double‐pulsed laser ablation (DPLA) method has been used to synthesize crystalline boron nanorods (BNRs), boron nanowires (BNWs), and bamboo‐like boron nanotubes (BBNTs) from bulk boron (BKB). A q‐switched Nd: YAG laser operating at the first and second harmonic wavelengths with 1064 and 532 nm is used to ablate a solid composite boron target doped with 1% Ni and 1% Co in a tube furnace in flowing argon gas. Boron nanostructures in the form of BNRs, BNWs, and BBNTs are condensed from the hot laser‐induced plasma plume at furnace temperatures of 800, 900, and 1000 °C. The morphology and the chemical and optical nature of the nanostructures are identified from X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Raman, UV–vis, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The results confirm the crystallinity and phase purity of the boron‐nanomaterials and that they are preferentially grown in the c‐axis direction of α‐boron. The as‐synthesized BNRs, BNWs, and BBNTs are observed to have lengths of 0.2–1.5 μm and widths between 10 and 100 nm, and show respective PL resonance emission peaks at 330, 331, and 333 nm, and the electrical conductivities of 312, 313, and 324 S cm−1 at room temperature which are higher than the electrical conductivity of BKB.
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials related to the effects of garlic supplementation on platelet aggregation
Authors: Mollahosseini Mehdi , Hosseini‐Marnani Elham , Panjeshahin Asieh , Panbehkar‐Jouybari Monireh , Gheflati Alireza , Mozaffari‐Khosravi Hassan
Published: October 2022

The increment of platelet aggregation factors has been considered a key phenomenon in atherosclerosis. Studies have shown that garlic (Allium sativum) is associated with a reduction in platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Hence, the present systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of garlic on platelet aggregation. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with keywords related to garlic and platelet aggregation were thoroughly searched in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to January 2021. Moreover, the references of all related articles were screened to discover more relevant studies. The quality of each study was reported based on Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. In total, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria from 18,235 identified articles (including 595 participants). Most of the studies assessed platelet aggregation in response to different inducers. Of the 12 clinical trials, six studies depicted the beneficial effect of garlic on reducing platelet aggregation. The summary of the quality assessment indicated that most of the studies had high‐quality scores. Regarding the small number of RCTs and heterogeneity between studies, it is impossible to make a proper conclusion about the impacts of garlic on platelet aggregation. Therefore, further precise trials with a standard design are necessary to validate the anti‐thrombotic effect of garlic.
Pharmacokinetic of berberine, the main constituent of Berberis vulgaris L.: A comprehensive review
Authors: Khoshandam Arian , Imenshahidi Mohsen , Hosseinzadeh Hossein
Published: October 2022

Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) is a medicinal plant and its main constituent is an isoquinoline alkaloid named berberine that has multiple pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti‐microbial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, anti‐diabetes, anti‐dyslipidemia, and anti‐obesity. However, it has restricted clinical uses due to its very poor solubility and bioavailability (less than 1%). It undergoes demethylenation, reduction, and cleavage of the dioxymethylene group in the first phase of metabolism. Its phase two reactions include glucuronidation, sulfation, and methylation. The liver is the main site for berberine distribution. Berberine could excrete in feces, urine, and bile. Fecal excretion of berberine (11–23%) is higher than urinary and biliary excretion routes. However, a major berberine metabolite is excreted in urine greater than in feces. Concomitant administration of berberine with other drugs such as metformin, cyclosporine A, digoxin, etc. may result in important interactions. Thus, in this review, we gathered and dissected any related animal and human research articles regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters of berberine including bioavailability, metabolism, distribution, excretion, and drug–drug interactions. Also, we discussed and gathered various animal and human studies regarding the developed products of berberine with better bioavailability and consequently, better therapeutic effects.
Quercetin inhibits the amphiregulin/EGFR signaling‐mediated renal tubular epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Fuqiang , Li Xiangze , Ma Zhi , Jiang Dapeng
Published: October 2022

Quercetin is a widely distributed, bioactive flavonoid compound, which displays potential to inhibit fibrosis in several diseases. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of quercetin treatment on renal fibrosis and investigate the mechanism. Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK‐2) stimulated by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and a rat model of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) that contributes to fibrosis were used to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of quercetin. PD153035 (N‐[3‐Bromophenyl]‐6,7‐dimethoxyquinazolin‐4‐amine) was used to inactivate EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor). The level of fibrosis, proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in HK‐2 were measured. All data are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD). p‐value < .05 was considered statistically significant. In UUO rats, quercetin reduced the area of fibrosis as well as inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. In cultured HK‐2 cells, quercetin significantly ameliorated the EMT induced by TGF‐β1, which was accompanied by increased amphiregulin (AREG) expression. Moreover, quercetin inhibited AREG binding to the EGFR receptor, thereby further affecting other downstream pathways. Quercetin may alleviate fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the activation of AREG/EGFR signaling indicating a potential therapeutic effect of quercetin in renal fibrosis.
Paeoniflorin‐6′‐O‐benzene sulfonate protected the intestinal epithelial barrier by restoring the inhibitory effect of GRK2 and β‐arrestin 2 on ERK1/2‐NF‐κB
Authors: Jiang Mengya , Tang Caihong , Yang Mei , Li Ying , Wang Wu , Wang Chun , Wei Wei , Chen Jingyu
Published: October 2022

Peoniflorin‐6′‐O‐benzene sulfonate (CP‐25) inhibited the activity of GRK2 to exert anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CP‐25 the intestinal epithelial barrier and the mechanism. CaCO‐2 cell monolayer and dextran sulfate salt (DSS)‐induced colitis mouse model was used to evaluate intestinal epithelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Results showed that CP‐25 prevented dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier and inhibited NF‐κB p65 activation in TNF‐α‐induced CaCO‐2 cells. The colon structure destroyed in DSS‐induced colitis mice was improved by CP‐25. CP‐25 has a role in inhibition membrane translocation of GRK2‐β‐arrestin 2 complex, stabilization of the binding of GRK2 and β‐arrestin 2 to ERK1/2 in cytoplasm. Subsequently down‐regulated the nuclear transcription and transactivation of NF‐κB p65 via inhibiting its phosphorylation of Ser536, and Ser276, respectively and restored the epithelial barrier function. In conclusion, CP‐25 inhibited ERK1/2‐NF‐κB activation and thereby protected the intestinal epithelial barrier, which was associated with restoring the inhibition of GRK2 and β‐arrestin 2 on ERK1/2.
Sensitivity of ECMWF coupled forecasts to improved initialization of the ocean mesoscale
Authors: Roberts Christopher D. , Balmaseda Magdalena A. , Tietsche Steffen , Vitart Frederic
Published: October 2022

It has been hypothesized that initial conditions derived from eddy‐resolving ocean models could benefit eddy‐permitting forecast systems at subseasonal lead times (2 weeks to 2 months) by providing improved ocean initial conditions and reduced sea‐surface temperature (SST) errors associated with a more realistic representation of mesoscale features and ocean fronts such as the Gulf Stream. Here, we test this hypothesis by running a series of coupled 32‐day reforecasts with ocean initial conditions derived from native resolution (i.e., eddy‐permitting) and higher resolution (i.e., eddy‐resolving) ocean reanalyses. Initial conditions derived from the eddy‐resolving reanalysis reproduce observed temperature and sea‐level variability associated with mesoscale ocean eddies more accurately. Furthermore, forecasts of ocean variables are significantly improved in the extratropics, particularly in regions of observed intense mesoscale variability. This result is relevant for the marine forecasting community and demonstrates the potential for improved probabilistic forecasts of ocean variables in affordable ensemble forecast systems. However, the impacts on the mean state and forecast skill in the atmosphere are more limited. Based on an evaluation of model biases as a function of lead time, we conclude that there is room for further improvements to the initialization of the Gulf Stream that could lead to more significant impacts on atmospheric skill. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our reforecasts underestimate the strength of mesoscale air–sea interaction in the vicinity of strong SST fronts by 20–40%. We speculate that the impacts of improved ocean eddy initialization on atmospheric forecast skill may be larger in coupled models with higher ocean and atmosphere resolutions that can simulate air–sea interaction in the midlatitudes more realistically.
Efficient Broadband Frequency Conversion via Shortcuts to Adiabaticity
Authors: Paul Koushik , Kong Qian , Chen Xi
Published: October 2022

The method of adiabatic frequency conversion, in analogy with a two‐level atomic system, has been put forward recently and verified experimentally to achieve robust frequency mixing processes such as sum and difference frequency generation. Here a comparative study of efficient frequency mixing using various techniques of shortcuts to adiabaticity such as counter‐diabatic driving and invariant‐based inverse engineering is presented. It is shown here that it is possible to perform sum frequency generation by properly designing the poling structure of a periodically poled crystal and the coupling between the input lights and the crystal. The required crystal length for frequency conversion significantly decreases beyond the adiabatic limit. This approach significantly improves the robustness of the process against the variation in temperature as well as the signal frequency. By introducing a single parameter control technique with constant coupling and combining with the inverse engineering, perturbation theory, and optimal control, it is shown that the phase mismatch can be further optimized with respect to the fluctuations of input wavelength and crystal temperature that results into a novel experimentally realizable mixing scheme.
Atomic configuration, electronic structure, and work of adhesion of TiN(111)//B2‐NiTi(110) and TiN(111)//B19′‐NiTi(010) interfaces: Insights from first‐principles simulations
Authors: Xie Dong , Wang Xiaoting , Wei Longjun , Zhang Ran , Ganesan Rajesh , Matthews David T. A. , Leng Yongxiang
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the atomic configuration, electronic structure, and work of adhesion for TiN(111)//B2‐NiTi(110) and TiN(111)//B19′‐NiTi(010) interfaces were investigated by first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), which aim to provide a theoretical guidance for analyzing the service reliability of TiN films modified NiTi alloy devices. The results of this paper indicated that a hollow‐site stacking structure was formed on the interface when Ti and N were the terminal atoms on two sides. Such interfaces demonstrated a stronger bonding performance and a more stable structure than that with Ni and Ti as the terminal atoms. The work of adhesion of the TiN(111)//B19′‐NiTi(010) interface was 17.47 J/m2, which is greater than the work of fracture of TiN(111) (6.73 J/m2), whereas the work of adhesion of the TiN(111)//B2‐NiTi(110) interface was found to reach 5.49 J/m2, which is lower than the work of fracture of TiN(111). The models of the work of adhesion between the two interfaces indicate that there are significant bond strength changes in the TiN/NiTi interface, when the NiTi substrate undergoes martensitic transformation. The results of this paper contribute significantly to the service reliability analysis of TiN films coated on NiTi alloy devices.
Is the Carbon Nanotube‐Catalyst Interface Clean during Growth?
Authors: Qiu Lu , Ding Feng
Published: October 2022

Revealing a “true” picture of the carbon nanotube (CNT) growth front at the catalyst surface is critical to understanding the mechanism of CNT growth. If the CNT‐catalyst interface is clean or messy, which will greatly affect the mechanism of controlled CNT growth, has never been properly solved either experimentally or theoretically. Here, this issue by ab initial calculation‐based kinetic analysis and classical molecular dynamic (MD) simulations is revisited. It is found that the appearance of carbon chains at the CNT‐catalyst interfaces or the “messy” interfaces in MD simulations is a consequence of the very short simulation time, and a “clean” CNT‐catalyst interface will emerge if the simulation time is close to that in real experiments. This study reveals that, during real CNT experimental growth, a “clean” CNT‐catalyst interface with zigzag, armchair, and/or kink sites dominates the growth kinetics, and therefore, the controllable CNT growth by tuning the CNT‐catalyst interface is feasible.
Yuan‐Shengdialectical holism and systems thinking: A systemism research tradition that integrated Chinese and Western holism
Authors: Dongping Fan , Yiyu Liu , Linhao Chen
Published: October 2022

From the perspective of Laudan's ‘research traditions’, this paper attempts to propose the ‘systemism research tradition’ (SRT) that integrates Chinese and Western holisms based on complex systems science. First, we establishYuan‐Shengdialectical holism as the ontological assumption of the SRT, emphasising that the world is a ‘relation‐centric’ system.Yuanrefers to specific time–space relations, and the becoming of the world (Sheng) fromYuanmanifests as a dialectical holistic relationship in which ‘contrary is complementary’. Second, we argue that the ontological assumption of SRT implies three methodological principles: systemhood thinking, synergistic thinking and emergent thinking. These principles focus on relations, openness, synergy, adaptation and emergence. Last but not the least, we argue that the SRT is a kind of applied systems thinking. The context‐dependent multi‐causation methodology, dealing with the sustainability of social‐ecological systems, has been successfully applied in explaining the resilience governance of Guangzhou Haizhu Wetland in China.
Effect of 12% Mn Addition on Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance and Corrosion Behavior of Super 13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Guo Zihui , Mei Xingyuan , Yan Yu , Su Yanjing
Published: October 2022

A novel metastable austenitic stainless steel denoted as 13Cr12Mn is obtained by adding 12 wt% Mn to 13Cr–5Ni–2Mo super‐martensitic stainless steel. The designed 13Cr12Mn exhibits a yield strength of 899 MPa, a tensile strength of 1068 MPa, and an elongation of 21.2%. The in situ hydrogen‐charging incremental step loading technique experiments are conducted to evaluate hydrogen embrittlement. The hydrogen‐induced cracking threshold stress of 13Cr12Mn is determined to be 961 MPa, which exceeds that of tempered S13Cr with a similar yield strength by 400 MPa. In addition, 13Cr12Mn also shows good resistance to general corrosion and pitting corrosion in alkaline solutions.