bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Health Classes for Older Adults in China: Based on Multidimensional Health
Authors: Hu Yi , Wang Zhenyu , Liu Zhihan , Li Bei
Published: May 2021

Background

The concept of health is multidimensional, so the evaluation of the health status of the elderly and the analysis of the influencing factors should also be multidimensional. This study aims to identify the heterogeneity of the health status of Chinese older adults.
Methods

Data were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015 (n = 4190). Latent class analysis was performed based on 6 health indicators, including self-reported health status, the number of chronic diseases, activity of daily living (ADL), depressive symptoms, cognitive ability, and social activities participation. Logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive effect of demographic characteristics variables on different health classes of older adults.
Results

Three health latent classes were identified and labeled as Relatively Healthy Group (n = 1003, 23.94%), Multiple Chronic Conditions with High Social Participation Group (n = 1744, 41.62%), and Frail Group (n = 1443, 34.44%). The health status of Chinese older adults is not optimistic. In particular, our study found that older adults with multiple chronic diseases had the highest social participation frequency among the three classes. When Frail Group was the reference, the logistic regression results showed that older-aged adults, those without spouses, those with low educational level, and those with agricultural household registration were more likely to be Frail Group.
Conclusion

There is heterogeneity in the health status of older adults, and identifying the health status of older adults from a multidimensional health perspective can help provide better health services to them based on health latent classes.
Image-based Tool Condition Monitoring Based on Convolution Neural Network in Turning Process
Authors: Kou Rui , Lian Shiwei , Xie Nan , Lu Beier , Liu Xuemei
Published: May 2021

Tool wear condition (TCM) has a significant impact on machining quality, efficiency and cost, so it is vitally important in manufacturing systems. The current work of TCM mainly process the time series signals from multisensory by intelligent algorithm. However, the limited of these method is; 1) the image information are not integrated into the time series signals, 2) the traditional methods are facing the problems of poor generalization and fast convergence. Thus, a novel integrated model based on the multisensory feature fusion and neural network is presented. After the PAA pre-processed, the developed model recodes the sensor data into images using GAF and inputs to CNN model with the tool infrared images, then realizes the output of flank wear value. Compared with other algorithms, the results show that the algorithm has better classification ability.
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram in lung cancer with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: hu ke , Liu Wei , wu xiaofeng , zhou ling
Published: May 2021

Background

To analyze the prognostic factors and survival rate of lung cancer patients with OSA by nomogram.
Methods

We developed and validated a nomogram to help improve prediction of overall survival in Lung cancer patients with OSA. The nomogram was established by a development cohort (n = 90), and the validation cohort included 38 patients. Factors in the nomogram were identified by Cox hazard analysis. We tested the accuracy of the nomograms by discrimination and calibration, and plotted decision curves to assess the benefits of nomogram-assisted decisions. At last we evaluated the risk in the two cohort.
Results

There were significant difference in sex, AHI, TNM stage, coronary heart disease, LSpO2, T90%, TS90% and ODI4 between lung cancer subgroup and lung cancer with OSA subgroup (P < 0.05). Lung cancer patients with OSA age(P = 0.021), AHI(P = 0.006), TNM stage(P = 0.005), cancer types(P = 0.038), BMI(P = 0.007) and were independent prognostic factor. Based on these six factors, a nomogram model was established. The c-index of internal verification was 0.802 (95% CI 0.767–0.885)。The ROC curve analysis for the nomogram show 1-year survival (AUC = 0.827), 3-year survival (AUC = 0.867), 5-year survival (AUC = 0.801) in the development cohort and 3-year survival(AUC = 0.863) in the validation cohort is with good accuracy. The calibration curve shows that the survival probability of this prediction model is in good agreement with the actual situation at 1, 3 and 5 years with good consistency. decision curve analysis(DCA)suggests that the net benefit of decision-making with this nomogram is higher, especially in the probability interval of < 20% threshold.
Conclusions

Age, AHI,TNM stage, cancer types, BMI and ODI4 are independent risk factors for prognosis of lung cancer patients with OSAS༌the nomogram can predict the prognosis of patients and guide individualized treatment.
Impact of Serum Lipoprotein (A) Level on Coronary Artery Calcification: An Intravascular Ultrasound Study
Authors: Sheng Zhe , Wu Xi , Liu Jun , Chen Chen-yang , Pan Bao-ping , Chen Ye , Huang Wei , Cao Yu
Published: May 2021

Background

Plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] participates in the development of coronary heart disease (CAD). However, the relationship between Lp(a) level and the characteristic of coronary artery calcification has not been investigated.
Methods

A total of 123 patients with CAD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) were analyzed.Calcification burden of coronary culprit plaque was measured by the angle and thickness with intravascular ultrasound imaging(IVUS). Patients were divided into 2 groups: low Lp(a) group, < 150mg/L; high Lp(a) group, ≥ 150mg/L.
Results

Mean patient age was 62.6 ± 10.1years, and 75.6% were men. Among 139 lesions, compared with the high Lp(a) group, the low Lp(a) group had significantly greater median maximum calcification angle (166.4°[102.1, 260.5] vs 118.4° [83.4,169.7], P = 0.007) and thick calcification(40.7% vs 21.2%, P = 0.013).Plaques with a maximum calcification angle of ≥ 180° were more frequently observed in the low Lp(a) group (42.6% vs 18.8%, P = 0.002).The calcification lesions of maximum arc ≥ 180° +thick calcification were larger in the low Lp(a) group (35.2% vs 11.8%, P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low Lp(a) level was a independent predictor of a greater calcification burden: calcification arc ≥ 180°(OR 4.43, 95%CI1.93-10.13;P < 0.001),and thick calcification + maximum calcification arch ≥ 180°(OR 5.92, 95% CI 2.36–14.82; P < 0.001).
Conclusion

In patients with CAD, Low Lp(a) level was associated with high burden of coronary artery calcification. Our findings might provide a new perspective of Lp(a) level on plaque-stabilizing effects in coronary atherosclerotic plaque.
Stress analysis of double-walled pipes undergone mechanical drawing process
Authors: Zhang Ruogu , Wang Yu , Zhu Yinbo , Jin JiDong , Wu HengAn , Gu Ping , Zhao Yang
Published: May 2021

Double-walled metal pipes are important components for heat exchange and liquid transportation. They can be manufactured by mechanical drawing of two concentric pipes. In this work, a mechanical model is developed to analyze the stress state evolution during the manufacturing process, and the criterion for forming the double-walled pipe was given under the ideal elastoplastic and thick-wall assumptions. The model also encompasses the results deduced under the thin-wall assumption. Numerical simulations confirmed that the accuracy of the analytical model was within 5%. The application on actual steel materials with various parameters varied, including the wall thickness and initial gap, was analyzed. This work can provide theoretical support to industrial manufacturing procedures and help to reduce costs by eliminating required test procedures.
Introducing MyPlate in the Curriculum of Nutrition Teaching for Undergraduate Medical and Health Allied Professions of Palestinian Students
Authors: Natour Nihal , Al-Tell Mariam
Published: May 2021

Introduction: MyPlate is an American educational tool that was introduced by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as replacement for MyPyramid. It provides the American public with key messages on healthy diet, but was not studied in other populations.Aims: we aimed to study the acceptance and utility of MyPlate among Palestinian medical and allied health students by introducing the application in the nutrition course which is part of curriculum.Methods: Electronic survey was distributed on social media and university platforms to Palestinian students at schools of medicine, nursing and pharmacy at Najah University. The survey collected data on demographic variable, obesity, nutritional deficiencies, nutritional problems and use of MyPlate. In addition vegetables use, physical activity information. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 21 software.Results: We included 106 students in the study. 68% of our study group were females, 58.% medical students, 44% were nursing students, and the rest were pharmacy students. 89% of our students reported using knowing MyPlate, 61% reported using MyPlate and 79% reported that they found the use of application easy. The reason for using the application were mainly related to calculating the needed calories and plan a healthy diet. However, our students reported low ability to change their lifestyle accordingly. There was no age difference between users and non-users (19.4 y ± 0.8 y versus 19.8 y ± 0.8 y) or BMI ((20.0±4.6) Kg/m2 versus (21.3±5.8) Kg/m2). MyPlate users were more physically active, but there was no difference in physical activity.Conclusion: MyPlate was very well accepted among our students but they need follow up to improve adherence to healthy lifestyle
Numerical Simulation of The Top Side-Pouring Twin-Roll Casting of 6.5 wt.% Si Steel Process
Authors: Xuan Dongpo , zhou cheng , Zhou You , Jiang Tianliang , Zhu Biji , Fan Wenhao , Jia Yangguang
Published: May 2021

Using the commercial finite element software ProCAST to predict the temperature field, the flow field, the turbulent kinetic energy, and melt-pool outlet temperature of the top side-pouring twin-roll casting (TSTRC) of 6.5 wt.% Si steel process, and the cellular automaton–finite element (CA-FE) method was used to simulate the melt-pool outlet microstructure. The effect of different process conditions on the TSTRC process was investigated through numerical simulation and a processing technic appropriate for the production of 6.5 wt.% Si steel was obtained. Meanwhile, the influence of violent stirring in the melt-pool on the microstructure under different process conditions was evaluated. It was found that vigorous stirring in the melt-pool was conducive to formate the equiaxed crystal structure. Not only realized the near-final shape of the metal sheet, but also realized the near-final shape of the microstructure. Chose the proper process to experiment, and from comparing the simulation and the experiment, the simulation and experimental results were in good agreement, which verified the simulation's feasibility and accuracy.
Porous, Multi-layered Piezoelectric Composites Based on Highly Oriented Pzt/pvdf Electrospinning Fibers for High-performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Du Xiangxin , Zhou Zheng , Zhang Zhao , Yao Liqin , Zhang Qilong , Yang Hui
Published: May 2021

Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) that can harvest mechanical energy from ambient environment have broad prospects for multi-functional applications. Here, multi-layered piezoelectric composites with a porous structure based on highly oriented PZT/PVDF electrospinning fibers are prepared via a laminating method to construct high-performance PENGs. PZT particles as piezoelectric reinforcing phases are embedded in PVDF fibers and facilitate the formation of polar β phase in PVDF. The multi-layered, porous structure effectively promotes the overall polarization and surface bound charge density, resulting in highly efficient electromechanical conversion. The PENG based on 10 wt.% PZT/PVDF composite fibers with a 220 µm film thickness output an optimal voltage of 62.0 V and a power of 136.9 μW, which is 3.4 and 6.5 times the voltage and power of 10wt.% PZT/PVDF casting film-based PENG, respectively. Importantly, the PENG shows a high sensitivity of 12.4 VN-1, presenting a significant advantage in comparison to PENGs with other porous structures. In addition, the composites show excellent flexibility with a Young’s modulus of 227.2 MPa and an elongation of 262.3%. This work shows great potential application of piezoelectric fiber composites in flexible energy harvesting devices.
Behavioral and Psychiatric Health Problems in Iranian Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sany Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly , Kiani Mohammad Ali , Talebi Mahdi , Layeghi Darab , Ghasemi Mehri , Taheri Maryam , Taheri Ahmad reza , peyman Nooshin
Published: May 2021

Background
the study of behavioral and psychiatric health problems in space and time, can help to improve health services for adolescents and children by increasing understanding of causes, development, and course of psychiatric disorders.
Methods
This cross-sectional study has been carried out through cluster sampling design on 322 normal students aged 12–18 attending in public high and elementary school in Esfahan, Iran. They completed study instrument that included the 110-item The Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) and those inquiring the students’ demographic information.
Results
Findings showed that 58% students met criteria for all psychiatric symptoms except of the autism and Asperger’s disorders, and 39.5% suffered from more than one comorbid categories of psychiatric disorders. The most common psychiatric disorders in boys and girls were ADHD (18.5%), ODD (15%), ADHD-C (13.5%), GAD (12.8%), ADHD: HI (11.5), and MDD (10.8%).
Conclusion
Most of students suffered from more than one co-morbid category of psychiatric disorders. It is better to develop effective strategies and interventions, train students about self-protection, and establish a psychological crisis intervention team to minimize the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Urea to Albumin Ratio Is an Independent Predictor of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Severe Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tian Yu , Li Yihao , Chen Jieru , Jiang Zixin
Published: May 2021

Background: Severe pneumonia (SP) is a major complication of respiratory system disease that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Our objective was to identify risk factors predictive of SP patients and its mortality in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study involving 212 patients with SP in ICU from June 1st, 2016 to June 1st, 2020. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to assess the predictive significance of urea to albumin ratio (U/A). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted with log-rank tests to compare survival of patients with different value of U/A. Multivariate COX regression models were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (HR). Additionally, interaction analysis showed the association between U/A and in-hospital mortality was influenced by sex. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.Results: A total of 212 patients were enrolled in the analysis. In the hospital, 101 (47.6%) patients had died. ROC analysis showed that the current cut-off of 0.2555 had a sensitivity of84.2% for in-hospital mortality (AUC = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.55-0.70,P = 0.001). The multivariate COX analysis showed that the incidence of death was higher with the higher U/A group than the lower group (HR: 2.234, 95%CI: 1.146-4.356, P = 0.018).Besides, this pattern persisted in subgroup analyses considering sex. (HR: 9.380, 95%CI: 2.248-39.138, P = 0.002)Conclusions: A high level of U/A is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in patients with SP.
Clinical Evidence of Initiating a Very Low Dose of Sacubitril/Valsartan; Beyond the PARADIGM-HF and PIONEER-HF: A Prospective Observational Analysis
Authors: Kim Hyoeun , Oh Jaewon , Lee Sanghyup , Ha Jaehyung , Yoon Minjae , Chun Kyeong-hyeon , Lee Chan Joo , Park Sungha , Lee Sang-Hak , Kang Seok-Min
Published: May 2021

AimsSacubitril/valsartan is superior to enalapril in reducing the risks of cardiovascular death and preventing hospitalization in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, patients often do not receive sacubitril/valsartan because of concerns about hypotension. We examined the feasibility of initiating sacubitril/valsartan at a very low dose (VLD) in potentially intolerant patients with HFrEF and subsequent dose up-titration, treatment persistence and outcomes.Methods and ResultsWe analyzed 206 patients with HFrEF grouped according to starting sacubitril/valsartan dose. The VLD group (n=106) commenced 25 mg twice daily, and the standard-dose (SD) group (n=100) started on ≥50 mg twice daily. Baseline systolic blood pressure was 103±12 mmHg vs. 119±14 mmHg in the SD group (P<0.001). The maximal target dose achievement rate was higher in the SD group (27.0% vs 9.4%, p=0.001) and the VLD group experienced more dose up-titrations and fewer down-titrations than the SD group. The VLD group had a decrease in N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) similar to the SD group and a similar increase in left ventricular ejection fraction. There were no significant differences in symptomatic hypotension, worsening renal function, hyperkalemia, cardiovascular mortality, and rehospitalization due to HF between the two groups during follow-up period.ConclusionsIn patients considered by the treating physician likely to be intolerant of sacubitril/valsartan, initiation with 25 mg twice daily was generally possible and patients remained in therapy, with similar decreases in NT-proBNP and increases in left ventricular ejection fraction to those observed in patients receiving SD sacubitril/valsartan.
The Success Of Behavioral Economics In Improving Patient Retention Within An Intensive Primary Care Practice
Authors: Groden Phillip , Capellini Alexandra , Levine Erica , Wajnberg Ania , Duenas Maria , Sow Sire , Ortega Bernard , Medder Nia , Kishore Sandeep
Published: May 2021

BackgroundA minority of the U.S. population comprises a majority of health care expenses. Health system interventions for high-cost populations aim to improve patient outcomes while reducing costly over-utilization. Missed and inconsistent appointments are associated with poor patient outcomes and increased health care utilization. PEAK Health— Mount Sinai’s intensive primary care clinic for high-cost patients— employed a novel behavioral economics-based intervention to reduce the rate of missed appointments at the practice. Behavioral economics has accomplished numerous successes across the health care field; the effect of a clinic-based behavioral economics intervention on reducing missed appointments has yet to be assessed.MethodsThis was a single-arm, pre-post trial conducted over one year involving all active patients (286) at PEAK Health. The intervention consisted of: a) clinic signage, and b) appointment reminder cards containing behavioral economics messaging designed to increase the likelihood patients would complete their subsequent visit; appointment cards (t1) were transitioned to an identical EMR template (t2) at 6 months to boost utilization of this component. The primary objective, the success of scheduled appointments, was assessed with visit adherence: the proportion of successful over all scheduled appointments, excluding those cancelled or rescheduled. The secondary objective, the consistency of appointments, was assessed with a 2-month visit constancy rate: the percentage of patients with at least one successful visit every two months for one year. Both metrics were assessed via a χ² analysis and together define patient retention. ResultsThe visit adherence rate increased from 74.7% at baseline to 76.5% (p= .22) during t1 and 78.0% (p= .03) during t2. The 2-month visit constancy rate increased from 59.5% at baseline to 74.3% (p= .01) post-intervention.ConclusionsA low-resource, clinic-based behavioral economics intervention was capable of improving patient retention within a traditionally high-cost population. A renewed focus on patient retention— employing the metrics described here— could bolster chronic care efforts and significantly improve the outcomes of high-cost programs by reducing the deleterious effects of missed and inconsistent appointments.
Effects of Blood Flow Restriction During Rest From High-intensity Training on Muscle Hypertrophy and Muscle Strength
Authors: Tanaka Tsukasa , Kubota Atsushi , Ozaki Hayao , Nishio Hirofumi , Takazawa Yuji
Published: May 2021

Background: The present study investigated the effects of different timings of BFR during HIT on muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, and pain during exercise.Methods: The study included 14 limbs from seven heathy males. Participants were divided into three groups: BFR during exercise (EX); BFR during rest (RE), and training only (CON). Participants performed elbow flexion exercises by BIODEX, two days / week for eight weeks. BFR was set at 120 mmHg pressure. Elbow flexor peak torque, and muscle cross-sectional area were measured, before and after the training period. The pain during exercise were measured during training.Results: The peak torque was significantly increased the RE and CON (p < 0.05), but no increase was observed in the EX. Exercise repetitions the RE (set 1, 26.5 ± 8.7 reps; set 2, 15.2 ± 8.0 reps; set 3, 13.1 ± 4.7 reps; set 4, 13.8 ± 6.3 reps) decreased two sets earlier than the CON (set 1, 28.0 ± 8.6 reps; set 2, 25.6 ± 7.5 reps; set 3, 24.4 ± 8.2 reps; and set 4, 23.8 ± 7.2 reps) (p < 0.01). The numerical rating scale was higher in the EX during exercise and in the RE during rest compared with the CON. However, the RE did not show exacerbated pain during exercise (p < 0.01).Conclusions: This present study showed that BFR during rest can lead to muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength with fewer exercise repetitions than training only. BFR during rest showed the greatest decreases in peak torque during exercise and did not exacerbate pain during exercise.
Impact of the anti-consumption lifestyle on brand attitudes via green advertising: The moderating effect of message types
Authors: Jung Lee Hee
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how anti-consumption lifestyles affect the brand attitude through the benefits (utilitarian environmental and warm glow) of green advertising. It has been confirmed that the message types used in the advertising can influence the evaluation of brand attitudes, depending on whether the focus is on promotion or prevention. Respondents were gathered from 265 South Korean consumers. The survey data were regressed and the research hypothesis was verified using the Process Model. As a result, the anti-consumption lifestyle positively affects the brand attitude of green advertising through warm glow (βindirect = .073) and utilitarian environmental benefit (βindirect = .217). These results revealed that the anti-consumption lifestyle can influence brand attitude through warm glow and utilitarian environmental benefit. In particular, when the moderating effect of message types is verified, the warm glow can have a more positive effect on brand attitudes through a promotion-focused message (β = .1559, p = .05), and the utilitarian environmental benefit can have a more positive effect on brand attitudes through a prevention-focused message (β = –.226, p = .024). In conclusion, this study can provide insight into the lifestyle of target customers of eco-friendly advertisements and message types used in advertisements.
AcknowledgmentThis work was supported by the Kyonggi University Research Grant 2019.
Surgical field visualization in patients with polyposis rhinosinusitis
Authors: Bebchuk H. B. , Daikhes N. A. , Averbukh V. M. , Dzhafarova M. Z. , Garashchenko T. I. , Karneeva O. V. , Koshel I. V.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Patients with nasal polyposis are predisposed to diffuse intraoperative bleeding, that could highly impair surgical field visualization. The absence of a universal technique of improving surgical field visualization became a reason for searching the specific hemostatic methods.

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of sphenopalatine artery and/or its branches coagulation as a method of hemostasis in endoscopic surgery for nasal polyposis and to describe the surgical anatomy of sphenopalatine artery.

Materials and methods. Endoscopic coagulation of sphenopalatine artery and/or its branches was performed among 30 patients with nasal polyposis. Surgical field visualization was graded by Boezaart and Wormald scales before and after coagulation.

Results and discussion. Intraoperative attempts to achieve the hemostasis using warm (490С) saline irrigation and then application of xylometazoline (0.1%-10ml) and lidocaine (10%-4ml) were ineffective among 28 patients with initial grade 8 and among 2 patients with grade 9 according to Wormald scale. Sphenopalatine artery and/or its branches coagulation was effectively performed in these patients, obtaining the hemostasis in 100% of cases (р < 0,001). The initial surgical field grade improved to grade 5 by Wormald scale in 9 patients (30%), to grade 6 in 17 patients (56,7%) and to grade 7 in 4 patients (13,3%). Only one artery (trunk of sphenopalatine artery) was observed in 18 patients (60%), crossing the sphenopalatine foramen, and 2 arteries (posterior septal artery and posterior lateral nasal artery) – in 12 patients (40%). Endoscopic examination revealed no signs of mucosal atrophy in postoperative period.

Conclusion: The appropriate choice of hemostatic technique depends on grades of surgical field visualization. If there is a grade 8–9 by Wormald scale, endoscopic coagulation of sphenopalatine artery and/or its branches is an effective and safe method to improve surgical field visualization.
Possibilities of using combined drugs in the treatment of nasal obstruction syndrome
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Pavlova S. S. , Tyrnova E. V.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The problem of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis today remains one of the most urgent in otorhinolaryngology. According to the analysis of medical documentation, diseases accompanied by this symptomatology are one of the most common reasons for contacting an otorhinolaryngologist. Despite the many proposed treatment regimens for polyposis rhinosinusitis, the recurrence rate of the disease remains high. Treatment of patients with polyposis rhinosinusitis is one of the most difficult problems of clinical rhinology. Studies of exocrine secretions of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis made it possible to clarify individual links in the pathogenesis of this disease, to identify differential diagnostic signs and pathogenetic similarities of various forms of rhinosinusitis, and to propose a new method of treatment.

The purpose of our present study was to assess the effectiveness of the correction of immunopathological conditions occurring in chronic ORS by using a herbal preparation containing in its composition Pelargonium sidophyta extract, which has antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory and antibacterial effects, in complex therapy.

Materials and methods. Clinical and laboratory examination and treatment of 54 patients with a diagnosis of chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis were carried out. Among them, 38 were patients with a disease duration of more than 10 years.

Results and discussion. It has been shown that the use of a phytopreparation containing in its composition an extract of pelargonium sieve in the complex treatment of patients with chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis allows achieving stable remission and reducing the number of recurrences of the polyposis process.

Conclusions. Our clinical experience allows us to recommend in order to prevent recurrences of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis to carry out surgical intervention
Topical aspects of the use of phytopreparations in acute infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Morozova S. V. , Keda L. A.
Published: May 2021

Acute infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract today belong to the category of the most common pathological conditions. Most often they occur in the form of acute nasopharyngitis, acute rhinosinusitis and acute laryngitis, the clinical of which consists of such symptoms as general weakness, hyperthermia, nasal blockage and nasal discharge, dysosmia, pain and tickling in the throat, cough, dysphonia. The need to select a safe and effective mucoactive therapy justifies the use of the phytopreparation in this pathology, the main active ingredient of which is an extract of ivy leaves. Also in the composition of the drug includes anise oil, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil and levomenthol. The mechanism of action of is associated with α-hederin contained in ivy leaves. This substance, binding to the beta-adrenoreceptors of the bronchi, causes relaxation of their smooth muscles. In addition, thanks to the saponins contained in the leaves of common ivy, a mucolytic and expectorant effect is achieved. Literature data show that ivy leaf preparations significantly reduce the severity of acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract. Virtually none of the patients had severe side effects. Allergic reactions were recorded in less than 0.5% of cases, with no mention of a severe allergic reaction of the anaphylaxis type. Thus, the drug of plant origin in the form of drops can be successfully used in patients with symptoms of acute respiratory diseases.
Using of topical bacterial lysates in modern clinical practice
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Nikiforova G. N. , Zolotova A. V. , Stepanova V. A.
Published: May 2021

Acute and chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract occupy a leading position in the structure of the pathology of the world’s population and remain the most frequent reason for patients seeking medical care. The prevalence and frequency of this disease in this nosological group makes a decisive contribution to the structure of the causes of temporary disability, which entails significant negative social and economic consequences. In this aspect, the spread of resistance of pathogens to etiotropic drugs and the insufficient arsenal of pathogenetic drugs stimulate the medical community to search for alternative approaches to the treatment of patients with respiratory pathology. One of these therapeutic areas is the use of immunomodulators, the most commonly used group of which are bacterial lysates. In the modern literature, sufficiently convincing data have been accumulated on the effectiveness of the use of bacterial lysates of systemic action, as a result of which the immune cells of the gastrointestinal tract are activated, which in turn leads to the restoration of autoregulation of the immune response throughout the body, and a decrease in the frequency of infectious and allergic diseases. The latest developments of domestic pharmacologists are topical bacterial lysates, the principle of which is based on the local activation of mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract. The undoubted advantage is that bacterial lysates, with all their effectiveness, do not harm the human microbiome, practically do not cause side reactions, combine well with other drugs, and can also be used at any stage of the disease, including for prophylactic purposes.
Preventive and therapeutic role of nasal irrigation in management of acute respiratory disease during COVID-19 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Mokoyan Zh. T.
Published: May 2021

It has long been known, that nasal saline irrigation is a safe and effective method, which is routinely prescribed by otorhinolaryngologists to prevent and to treat a wide range of pathologies. There are a lot of publications on different irrigation techniques and methods. This literature review discusses the key parameters of nasal irrigation, including tonicity, pH, and the additional components, and explains how they affect the effectiveness of the procedure. The vast majority of available publications did not found any possible changes in the effectiveness of solutions with different pH close to neutral meaning. Whereas, the volume of the irrigated solution, increases the efficiency of the irrigation in direct proportion. Thus, the largest distribution area of the solute is noted when washing with a large volume of liquid. Nasal saline irrigation is an effective treatment option for patients with several acute and chronic diseases and for postoperative care after rhinosurgery. Moreover, nasal irrigation might be used as an effective non-specific method for prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Irrigation of the nasal cavity reduces the mucus viscosity and promotes its faster elimination, along with pathogens fixed in it. Additionally, irrigation with isotonic saline solutions increases the hydration of the underlying water base, which enhances the frequency of ciliary beat and reduces the concentration of local inflammatory mediators. COVID-19 pandemic situation due to lack of any specific antiviral drugs dictates the necessity of an effective non-specific preventive option, which could be introduced worldwide. The so-called full volume lavage of the nasal cavity allows for better cleaning of the nasal cavity and effective moisturizing of the mucous membrane. It is the timely cleansing and moisturizing that are most important for maintaining the normal activity of the local protective mechanisms of the upper respiratory tract.
Loading, transport, and treatment of emerging chemical and biological contaminants of concern in stormwater
Authors: Saifur Sumaiya , Gardner Courtney M.
Published: May 2021

Stormwater is a largely uncontrolled source of pollution in rural and urban environments across the United States. Concern regarding the growing diversity and abundance of pollutants in stormwater, as well as their impacts on water quality, has grown significantly over the past several decades. In addition to conventional contaminants like nutrients and heavy metals, stormwater is a well-documented source of many contaminants of emerging concern, which can be toxic to both aquatic and terrestrial organisms and remain a barrier to maintaining high quality water resources. Chemical pollutants like pharmaceuticals and personal care products, industrial pollutants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and tire wear particles in stormwater are of great concern due to their toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Emerging microbial contaminants such as pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes also represent significant threats to environmental water quality and human health. Knowledge regarding the transport, behavior, and the remediation capacity of these pollutants in runoff is key for addressing these pollutants in situ and minimizing ecosystem perturbations. To this end, this review paper will analyze current understanding of these contaminants in stormwater runoff in terms of their transport, behavior, and bioremediation potential.
CONSTRUINDO ESTRATÉGIAS MULTIDIMENSIONAIS
Authors: Messias de Souto Filho Hilton , Dias Leão Costa Angelina
Published: May 2021

O ambiente escolar é um dos primeiros espaços de interação social, com isto, a acessibilidade físico-espacial deve estar presente desde o início do seu processo projetual, em conformidade com um desenho de caráter universal, a fim de promover uma arquitetura mais inclusiva. Nesse sentido, visando contribuir para a construção de escolas mais inclusivas, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um conjunto de estratégias multidimensionais para ambientes escolares mais inclusivos, compreendendo as Dimensões Projetada, Construída e Percebida do ambiente escolar. Parte de uma metodologia que engloba técnicas de levantamento e análise de dados acerca das relações entre a acessibilidade e a educação inclusiva, na perspectiva de uma arquitetura escolar de caráter inclusivo. O artigo inicia com a introdução dos conceitos de educação inclusiva e arquitetura escolar inclusiva (compreendendo, também, a acessibilidade e o desenho universal), assim como traz um panorama legal sobre esta temática. Em seguida, apresenta o objeto de estudo, o Programa Escola Cidadã Integral, do Governo da Paraíba, no qual a metodologia foi aplicada. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação dessa metodologia possibilitaram uma série de análises que serviram de base para a orientação de soluções para as escolas analisadas, e para a construção das estratégias multidimensionais para ambientes escolares mais inclusivos, importante ferramenta que pode contribuir com as discussões acerca da inclusão escolar. Ao final, são apresentadas as estratégias, de acordo com a abordagem multidimensional, apontando suas possíveis aplicações e contribuições, dentro e fora do Programa.
RELAÇÕES HISTÓRICAS ENTRE EPIDEMIAS E O AMBIENTE URBANO NO BRASIL
Authors: MEDEIROS Gabriel Leopoldino Paulo de , COSTA Ellen Brasil da , DANTAS Ranna Antônia Mendes
Published: May 2021

Em janeiro de 2020 a OMS declarou a epidemia do Coronavírus, causador da doença Covid-19, uma emergência internacional de saúde. Entretanto, não é a primeira vez na história que um vírus se propaga de forma acelerada, causando pânico e transformando as relações espaciais. No cenário mundial, a gripe russa (1889-1890) e a gripe espanhola (1918-1919) acometeram grandes grupos populacionais e foram responsáveis por diversas transformações de caráter político, econômico e social. No Brasil, durante os séculos XIX e XX, grandes epidemias puderam ser relacionadas à falta de infraestrutura resultante do crescimento urbano desordenado, como a tuberculose (1850-1950), varíola (1886-1960) e febre amarela (1960-1962). Este artigo objetiva compreender aspectos relacionados à influência histórica entre as estratégias de mitigação da proliferação de epidemias e os processos de intervenção urbana de forma a sintetizar a cronologia da emergência dessas doenças no Brasil. Busca, assim, relacionar as transformações formais urbanas decorrentes. Para isso foi feita um busca em bibliografias diversas (como periódicos e revistas de arquitetura e urbanismo), especialmente aquelas disponíveis em bibliotecas virtuais. Através dessa síntese, pode-se perceber o papel fundamental que as doenças tiveram nas transformações espaciais, tanto do tecido urbano, como da própria arquitetura, refletindo o pensamento moderno de preocupação com a saúde do espaço construído e comportamentos humanos.
Магнитная анизотропия микропроводов и доменная структура микрополосок PrDyCoFeB
Authors: Королев Д.В. , Валеев Р.А. , Пискорский В.П. , Коплак O.В. , Дмитриев О.С. , Таланцев А.Д. , Моргунов Р.Б.
Published: May 2021

Исследованы микропровода и микрополоски, полученные экстракцией из расплава PrDyFeCoB. Угловая зависимость магнитного момента микропроводов качественно изменяет вид в "сильном" магнитном поле, близком к полю насыщения намагниченности 4-5 kОе. Возникновение дополнительного максимума магнитного момента на угловой зависимости в сильных полях объяснено в рамках многодоменной модели Стоннера-Вольфарта (SW). В микрополосках разложение петли гистерезиса на две составляющие показывает, что коэрцитивная сила фазы alpha-FeСо (500-700 Oe) определяет ширину петли гистерезиса вблизи нулевого поля, в то время, как коэрцитивная сила фазы 2-14-1 (10 kOe) отвечает боковым петлям гистерезиса. Полосовые домены и их эволюция при намагничивании микрополосок выявлены с помощью магнито-оптической микроскопии Керра. Ключевые слова: микропровод, магнитная анизотропия, магнитомягкая фаза, домены.
Локальная кристаллизация под действием одиночного лазерного импульса в аморфных микропроводах PrDyFeCoB
Authors: Королев Д.В. , Пискорский В.П. , Валеев Р.А. , Коплак О.В. , Моргунов Р.Б.
Published: May 2021

В аморфных микропроводах PrDyFeCoB, подвергнутых действию одиночного лазерного импульса с энергией 1 mJ, длительностью 120 ns и длиной волны 1040 nm, обнаружены участки с нанокристаллической структурой, содержащей фазы мягкого ферромагнетика (PrDy)1(FeCoB)2, (PrDy)2(FeCoB)1, (PrDy)1(FeCoB)4B1 и основную магнитную фазу (PrDy)2(FeCoB)14B1. Различие между вакуумным длительным отжигом всего образца и локальным лазерным нагревом части его поверхности заключается в том, что при длительном отжиге возникают зерна фазы (PrDy)2(FeCoB)14B1 размером 800 nm, тогда, как при лазерном облучении размер зерен этой фазы составляет 10-20 nm. Чередование кристаллизованных зон вдоль оси микропровода обеспечивает его магнитомодулированную структуру с перпендикулярной компонентой намагниченности. Локальные петли магнитного гистерезиса, записанные с помощью микроскопа Керра в участках, подвергнутых лазерному облучению, демонстрируют большее поле магнитной анизотропии 500 Ое, чем в необлученных участках 10 Ое. Ключевые слова: аморфные микропровода, редкоземельные сплавы, лазерное облучение, магнитные фазы, магнитомодулированные структуры.
Utilization of the iOS Shortcuts App to Generate a Surgical Logbook Tool: Feasibility Study
Authors: Thompson Daniel
Published: May 2021

Background

Surgical audit is an essential aspect of modern reflective surgical practice and is key to improving surgical outcomes. The surgical logbook is an important method of data collection for both personal and unit audits; however, current electronic data collection tools, especially mobile apps, lack the minimum recommended data fields.

Objective

This feasibility study details the creation of a free, effective surgical logbook tool with the iOS Shortcuts app and investigates the time investment required to maintain a surgical logbook with this tool. In addition, we investigate the potential utility of the Shortcuts app in creating medical data collection tools.

Methods

Using the iOS Shortcuts app, we created a shortcut “Operation Note,” which collects surgical logbook data by using the minimum and extended audit data sets recommended by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. We practically assessed the feasibility of the tool, assessing the time requirement for entry, accuracy, and completeness of the entered data.

Results

The shortcut collected accurate and useful data for a surgical audit. Data entry took on average 65 seconds per case for the minimum data set, and 135 seconds per case for the extended data set, with a mean difference of 68 seconds (P<.001; 95% CI 61.6-77.7).

Conclusions

This feasibility study demonstrates the utility of the iOS Shortcuts app in the creation of a surgical logbook and the time-consuming nature of data collection for surgical audit. Our iOS Operation Note shortcut is a free, rapid, and customizable alternative to currently available logbook apps and offers surgical trainees and consultants a method for recording surgical operations, complications, and demographic data.
Tele–Mental Health for Reaching Out to Patients in a Time of Pandemic: Provider Survey and Meta-analysis of Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Mazziotti Raffaele , Rutigliano Grazia
Published: May 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic threatened to impact mental health by disrupting access to care due to physical distance measures and the unexpected pressure on public health services. Tele–mental health was rapidly implemented to deliver health care services.

Objective

The aims of this study were (1) to present state-of-the-art tele–mental health research, (2) to survey mental health providers about care delivery during the pandemic, and (3) to assess patient satisfaction with tele–mental health.

Methods

Document clustering was applied to map research topics within tele–mental health research. A survey was circulated among mental health providers. Patient satisfaction was investigated through a meta-analysis of studies that compared satisfaction scores between tele–mental health and face-to-face interventions for mental health disorders, retrieved from Web of Knowledge and Scopus. Hedges g was used as the effect size measure, and effect sizes were pooled using a random-effect model. Sources of heterogeneity and bias were examined.

Results

Evidence on tele–mental health has been accumulating since 2000, especially regarding service implementation, depressive or anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and special populations. Research was concentrated in a few countries. The survey (n=174 respondents from Italy, n=120 international) confirmed that, after the onset of COVID-19 outbreak, there was a massive shift from face-to-face to tele–mental health delivery of care. However, respondents held skeptical views about tele–mental health and did not feel sufficiently trained and satisfied. Meta-analysis of 29 studies (n=2143) showed that patients would be equally satisfied with tele–mental health as they are with face-to-face interventions (Hedges g=−0.001, 95% CI −0.116 to 0.114, P=.98, Q=43.83, I2=36%, P=.03) if technology-related issues were minimized.

Conclusions

Mental health services equipped with tele–mental health will be better able to cope with public health crises. Both providers and patients need to be actively engaged in digitization, to reshape their reciprocal trust around technological innovations.
A National Comparative Investigation of Twins With Congenital Heart Defects for Neurodevelopmental Outcomes and Quality of Life (Same Same, but Different?): Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Remmele Julia , Helm Paul Christian , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate , Bauer Ulrike MM , Pickardt Thomas , Ewert Peter , Tutarel Oktay
Published: May 2021

Background

Due to the increased survival rates of patients with congenital heart defects (CHD), associated disorders are an increasing focus of research. Existing studies figured out an association between CHD and its treatment, and neurodevelopmental outcomes including motor competence impairments. All these studies, however, compared their test results with reference values or results of healthy control groups. This comparison is influenced by socioeconomic and genetic aspects, which do have a known impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Objective

This study protocol describes a setting that aims to find out the role of CHD and its treatments on neurodevelopmental outcomes, excluding socioeconomic and genetic aspects. Only a twin comparison provides the possibility to exclude these confounding factors.

Methods

In a German-wide prospective cohort study, 129 twin siblings registered in the National Register for Congenital Heart Defects will undergo testing on cognitive function (Wechsler Intelligence Tests age-dependent: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, fourth edition; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, fifth edition; and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, fourth edition) and motor competence (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition). Additionally, the self-reported health-related quality of life (KINDL-R for children, Short Form 36 for adults) and the parent-reported strength and difficulties of the children (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, German version) will be assessed by standardized questionnaires. CHD data on the specific diagnosis, surgeries, transcatheter procedures, and additional medical information will be received from patient records.

Results

The approval of the Medical Ethics Committee Charité Mitte was obtained in June 2018. After getting funded in April 2019, the first enrollment was in August 2019. The study is still ongoing until June 2022. Final results are expected in 2022.

Conclusions

This study protocol provides an overview of the study design’s technical details, offering an option to exclude confounding factors on neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with CHD. This will enable a specific analysis focusing on CHD and clinical treatments to differentiate in terms of neurodevelopmental outcomes of patients with CHD compared to twin siblings with healthy hearts. Finally, we aim to clearly define what is important to prevent patients with CHD in terms of neurodevelopmental impairments to be able to develop targeted prevention strategies for patients with CHD.

Trial Registration

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00021087; https://tinyurl.com/2rdw8w67

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/26404