bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ajuste vegetativo-productivo a través del despampanado en floración: Efectos agronómicos y cualitativos en cv. Verdejo en la D.O. Rueda
Authors: Yuste D. , Martínez-Porro D.
Published: February 2019

El ajuste del desarrollo vegetativo y la carga productiva puede ser un aspecto crítico para aproximarse al equilibrio del viñedo y mejorar la calidad de la uva en variedades blancas, dependiendo, entre otros factores, de las condiciones hídricas de cultivo. La variedad Verdejo está extendiendo intensamente su viñedo en diversas zonas, por lo que conviene conocer su respuesta a la reducción de su expresión vegetativa con el fin de favorecer la calidad de la uva. A lo largo del período 2015–2017, se estudió la aplicación de un tratamiento de despampanado (D), suprimiendo 6 pámpanos de los 16 de cada cepa (dejando 10 por cepa), frente a un tratamiento testigo (T), en régimen hídrico deficitario: riego del 30% de ETo aplicado por goteo semanalmente desde el inicio del envero hasta la vendimia. El ensayo, ubicado en Medina del Campo (Valladolid), dentro de la D.O. Rueda, se llevó a cabo con cv. Verdejo sobre portainjerto 110R, plantado en 2006 y conducido en espaldera en cordón Royat bilateral, con un marco de 2.60 m × 1.25 m (3.077 cepas/ha). Las cepas sometidas a despampanado redujeron un 16% el peso de madera de poda, a pesar del aumento del peso del sarmiento. Asimismo, el despampanado redujo un 32% la producción de uva, como consecuencia del descenso en el número de racimos. El despampanado favoreció la concentración de azúcares, así como, en menor cuantía, el pH y la concentración de potasio, mientras que la acidez total y el ácido tartárico no presentaron una tendencia interanual definida ni constante, y el ácido málico mostró valores anuales con tendencia inversa entre tratamientos con respecto al ácido tartárico, sin diferencias notables entre tratamientos. Estos resultados se corresponden con cierta intensificación del proceso de maduración de la uva, causada por el aumento del ratio hojas/frutos debido al despampanado. En definitiva, se vislumbra la posible utilidad del despampanado en añadas en que pueda haber retraso en el proceso de maduración, con el fin de optimizar la fecha de vendimia y la calidad de la uva, según los objetivos perseguidos.
Influence of supplementation with two specific inactivated dry yeast and grape-skin extract on the color and composition of red wine
Authors: Gombau J. , Pons P. , Fernández D. , Heras J.M. , Sieczkowski N. , Canals J.M. , Zamora F.
Published: February 2019

Wines from grapes of Cabernet Sauvignon of the AOC Tarragona were elaborated with supplementation or not of two specific inactivated dry yeasts (Optired®and Optimum Red®; Lallemand Inc.) or with an experimental grape-skin extract. All the wines treated were significantly less astringent than the control wine because both inactivated dry yeast and the skin extract released polysaccharides which probably inhibit interactions between salivary proteins and tannins, and because their presence decrease the proportion of seed tannins and increase the proportion of skin tannins in the final wines.
Evaluación de la composición y calidad del color de vinos tintos Tannat elaborados por maceración pre-fermentativa en caliente
Authors: Piccardo D. , Favre G. , Pascual O. , Canals J.M. , Zamora F. , González-Neves G.
Published: February 2019

Durante la vendimia 2016 se elaboraron vinos tintos Tannat por maceración pre-fermentativa en caliente (una hora de calentamiento a 60–70 ∘C seguido de una maceración fermentativa de 7 días) y maceración tradicional (maceración fermentativa de 7 días) con el objetivo de evaluar su concentración en compuestos fenólicos y color durante la conservación. Las vinificaciones se realizaron por triplicado en recipientes de 10 litros de capacidad. Se determinó la composición básica del vino, color, concentración de fenoles totales, antocianos, catequinas, proantocianidinas y los índices de ionización, copigmentados y PVPP. Los vinos con maceración pre-fermentativa en caliente presentaron mayor concentración de antocianos y taninos, mayor porcentaje de antocianos ionizados, co-pigmentados y condensados. Adicionalmente, presentaron mayor proporcion de delfinidina, petunidina y peonidina al descube. El calentamiento degrada las enzimas polifenoloxidasas por lo que estas formas antociánicas pudieron haber sido preservadas de la oxidación. Las concentraciones de las diferentes formas antociánicas disminuyeron durante la conservación de los vinos de ambos tratamientos, sin observarse diferencias en el perfil antocianico después de dos años. Los vinos elaborados por maceración pre-fermentativa en caliente presentaron mayor intensidad colorante durante todo el período de evaluación sugiriendo una mayor estabilidad del color.
Augmentation des cinétiques de diffusion des composés de la pellicule des raisins rouge et blanc par des champs électriques pulsés
Authors: Davaux F. , Leroy J.-B. , Royant L. , Marchand S.
Published: February 2019

In recent years, Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) technology has been developing in laboratories and is starting to be established in the industry, mainly in the agri-food sector. So far all experimentations on the use of PEF in the wine industry was carried out at the laboratory scale on some kilograms of grapes, or liters of wines. Since 2015, we are studying the interest of the use of PEF on grape polyphenols extraction on a semi-industrial scale of 2 tons per hour. The first tests were carried out by comparing the PEF technology to a control, and a conventional thermovinification with liquid phase vinification and traditional vinification with different fermentation times. The first results obtained are encouraging. Vinified in the liquid phase, the grapes treated with PEF give wines with a color intensity of 20 to 30% higher than the control and a higher TPI of 7 to 17%. In the liquid phase, the treatment of the harvest by PEF does not make it possible to obtain the extraction level of the thermovinification. After a short maceration of 3 days, the polyphenols extraction level is similar to the thermovinification, and greater after 14 days, and so is the color (respectively +12 and +16%). No change in IBMP content was observed. The wines resulting from treatment of the harvest by PEF do not have the aromatic profile of thermovinification wines. The PEF has a fruity character comparable to the control and accentuates the aromatic characteristics of the grape variety. The wine are often judged less aggressive and astringent by reinforcing the perception of sweetness and full bodied. A few tests in white grape harvest by PEF, shows a significant gain of the thiols and terpenols.
Reemplazo de la estabilización tartárica por frío en las bodegas: El uso de carboximetil celulosa, poliaspartato de potasio y resinas intercambiadoras de iones
Authors: Martínez-Pérez P. , Ortín A.B. Bautista , Durand V. , Gómez-Plaza E.
Published: February 2019

El tratamiento de los vinos antes del embotellado para evitar la precipitación de las sales del ácido tartárico es un paso importante y común durante la producción del vino. La estabilización en frío es el tratamiento de estabilización más utilizado, y aunque ha demostrado ser efectiva, presenta algunas desventajas significativas. Estas son las razones por las cuales se están introduciendo otros productos y metodologías en las bodegas. Algunas de estas nuevas técnicas implican la reducción de la concentración de ácido tartárico y/o potasio en los vinos. Otras son técnicas aditivas y utilizan coloides protectores o inhibidores de la cristalización de las sales. En este estudio, se han tratado con carboximetilcelulosa, con poliaspartado de potasio y con resina de intercambio iónico vinos blancos, rosados y dos tipos diferentes de vinos tintos. Se estudiaron las características enológicas y cromáticas de los vinos y se evaluaron también sensorialmente. Los resultados indican que las características sensoriales y cromáticas se mantuvieron en los vinos (en comparación con un vino de control no tratado) con el uso de la carboximetilcelulosa y el poliaspartato, no detectándose diferencias en la mayoría de los casos en una prueba sensorial triangular en el caso de la carboximetilcelulosa y siendo los vinos tratados con poliaspartato de potasio evaluados positivamente.
Comparing metabolic regulation systems in wine yeasts with employment systems in economic wine industry
Authors: Grossmann M. , Waldeck M.
Published: February 2019

The main aim of each living organism is to live, to survive to detrimental environmental conditions and to reproduce, forming the next generation. A very similar aim is valid for an enterprise striving for commercial and financial success as well as for survival and longevity. This article sums up essential strategies for both of these two very different types of organizations, comparing biological systems that have developed over millions of years with employment systems in the modern economic world. The outcome displays some unexpected features of similarities.
Analysis of aflatoxins in rustically wines from eastern Romania using the direct real time method (DART)
Authors: Nistor A.-M. , Cotan Ş.-D. , Cotea V.V. , Niculaua and M.
Published: February 2019

Romania has a long tradition regarding the production of wine rustically or household products. Each householder has the possibility for making its own wine from its own grape vines. Most of them are made and kept using almost no interventions or treatments no corrections or added substances, which could protect them from eventual diseases, which may appear during the winemaking process. The grapes are collected manually by each family alone and it can be called is itself a ritual specific to the each area and a symbol of autumn. In this context, several samples of wine were collected from households located in five Romania eastern counties (Iaşi, Vaslui, Galaţi, Brăila, Ialomiţa and Tulcea). The samples were neither filtered, nor treated against the developing secondary fermentations. This fact increases the risk of infestation with mycotoxins. Twenty samples belonging to the aforementioned regions were analysed using the direct real time method (DART). This method is very fast and does not require any prior preparation of the samples. The goal was to identify the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 that are known to be frequently present in wines. From the total of the analysed samples, in four of them it was detected a concentration greater than 20 μg/kg.
Comparison between sensory evaluation and SPME GC-MS in Brazilian's sparkling wines
Authors: Gabbardo E. , Celotti E. , Gabbardo M.
Published: February 2019

Looking for understand which is the profile aromatic's complexity in Brazilian's sparkling wines, this study's objective was to evaluate 5 samples of commercial sparkling wines by sensory analysis, and also by a gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry (MS). At the sensory analysis, in Brazil's panel, from a total of 5 sparkling samples, were made 155 determinations of aromas found at wines, with 31 distinct descriptors. The same process was realized at the Italian's panel, and at this time we found 188 determinations of aromas from all the 5 sparkling's samples, with 31 distinct descriptors. For the volatile compounds analysis the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 26 compounds, the most of them have a fruity characteristic. This study demonstrated the Brazilian's sparkling wines have a profile fruity and floral, with maturation notes.
Quo vadis non-targeted wine analysis?
Authors: Fauhl-Hassek C.
Published: February 2019

Important challenges of wine authentication - for example the proof of wine varieties, the determination of the vintage or the geographical origin, the determination of certain practices (e.g. differentiation of barrel/chips storage) become more and more successfully investigated by non-targeted analytical approaches. Not only in relation to these open questions in wine authentication non-targeted approaches such as nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry offer enormous potential also in wine authentication due to their typical abilities as high-through put and screening technique.

The adaptation from research into routine applications takes actually place in some instances (e.g. NMR) including wine analysis. In addition the combination of non-targeted and targeted approaches within the same run of analysis provides possibilities complementing or even substituting classical methodologies.

Some examples, the general workflow and typical evaluation strategies will be presented and their possibilities and limits discussed. First results of a recent study on the NMR analysis with focus on variety verification and reproducibility of spectral data will be presented. Particular emphasis will be put on general open questions such as exchangeability of data, validation, standardisation options.
Chemical composition and sensory evaluation of wines produced with different Moscato varieties
Authors: Marcon Â.R. , Schwarz L.V. , Dutra S.V. , Delamare A.P.L. , Gottardi F. , Parpinello G.P. , Echeverrigaray S.
Published: February 2019

Moscato grapes give very aromatic musts and wines, characterized by the presence of monoterpenoids. The Farroupilha region situated in the highlands of South Brazil, is responsible for 50% of Brazilian Moscato wines production, and obtained its Geographical Indication (GI) in 2015. Brazilian Moscato wines are produced with several varieties, mainly Moscato Branco, Moscato Bianco R2 and Moscato Giallo. The objective of this study was to characterize the aromatic profile of wines produced with the three varieties. Microvinifications were conducted with grapes collected in three vineyards located in Farroupilha. Volatile compounds were evaluated using gas chromatography, and sensory characteristics were determined by a panel of enologists using a specific descriptive chard. Moscato Giallo wines exhibited the highest concentrations of ethyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, isoamyl acetate, linalool, and α-terpineol; Moscato R2 wines showed the highest concentrations of ethyl decanoate and nerol, while Moscato Branco wines, the most representative variety of Brazilian sparkling Moscato wines, exhibited the highest concentrations of ethanal and ethyl hexanoate, and intermediary concentrations of the other compounds. In sensory analysis, the three varieties exhibited pear, pitanga, rosemary, and citric fruits aromas, but in general, Moscato Giallo and Moscato R2 were more intense, while Moscato Branco showed the highest acidity.
Analyse der Unterschiede von Primär- und Sekundär-Weintouristen in deutschen Weinbaugebieten
Authors: Szolnoki G. , Tafel M.
Published: February 2019

Seit mehreren Jahrzehnten spielt Weintourismus eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle, sowohl in der freien Wirtschaft als auch in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Aufgrund des spürbaren Erfolgs von Weintourismus auf der ganzen Welt, haben viele Länder ihren Fokus auf diesen lukrativen Markt erhöht. Auch in Europa haben Wissenschaftler und Regierungen die ökonomische Bedeutung dieser Branche erkannt. Daher ist das Charakterisieren von Weintouristen in verschiedenen Regionen von höchster Bedeutung. Ziel der Studie ist es, anhand eines neuen Segmentierungsansatzes Unterschiede zwischen sogenannten Weintouristen und anderen Segmenten herauszufinden, die nicht primär vom Produkt Wein motiviert sind. Insgesamt 1.735 Besucher wurden an Wein-neutralen Standorten wie Stadtzentren oder kulturellen Sehenswürdigkeiten befragt. Mit Hilfe eines Face-to-Face Fragebogens gaben Reisende Auskunft über ihre Motivation, Aktivitäten und Ausgabeverhalten während des Aufenthaltes, sowie über ihre soziodemografischen Merkmale. Ungefähr die Hälfte der Befragten hatte kein Weingut während des Aufenthaltes besucht, diese Gruppe wird Nicht-Weingutsbesucher genannt. Ein Drittel konnte als Primär- und der Rest als Sekundär-Weintouristen klassifiziert werden. Alle Befragten nannten Natur/Landschaft und Erholung/Entspannung als Hauptmotivatoren für die Reise. Ein Erholungskonzept, das Essen und Wein sowie Outdoor-Aktivitäten in der Natur als Teile einer ganzheitlichen Erfahrung umfasst, könnte nicht nur den Besuchern, sondern auch der Wein-, Gastronomie- und Unterhaltungsbranche zugutekommen.
los factores de desempeño comercial de los grandes países exportadores en los mercados vitivinícolas de granel y embotellado en el siglo XXI
Authors: Ferrer R.C. López y F.J. Cervera
Published: February 2019

La economía mundial del vino en el siglo XXI está dominada por el comercio exterior. El aumento de los flujos comerciales ha provocado cambios sustanciales en la industria de la mayor parte de países productores, superando los patrones clásicos “viejo” frente a “nuevo” mundo. En este marco reviste un especial interés el análisis de los factores de evolución de las exportaciones. Esta Comunicación analiza el desempeño de las exportaciones de vino embotellado y a granel de los tres principales exportadores mundiales – España, Italia y Francia – utilizando un conjunto de indicadores formado por su grado de diversificación, su adaptación a los cambios en los mercados de importación y su competitividad según mercados de destino. Los resultados muestran que, en graneles, España, quien más crece en volumen y en valor, tiene el mejor comportamiento en diversificación y competitividad, y el segundo en adaptación, aunque el comportamiento de sus precios haya sido pobre. En embotellados, España también domina el crecimiento de las exportaciones, de forma más clara en volumen que en valor, aunque tiene nuevamente el peor comportamiento en precios y presenta resultados intermedios, obteniendo el mejor resultado en diversificación, el tercero en adaptación y el segundo en competitividad.
Branding: A competitive strategy in the wine industry
Authors: Flores B. , Ortiz M.
Published: February 2019

Over the years the wine has had a considerable development in terms of competitiveness given that more and more companies are joining this agro-industrial market and it is crucial to develop strategies such as branding aimed at the country variant so that this In this way, greater international support and recognition of a good land that harvests quality wine is generated. For this reason, in the following work we can observe a theoretical framework directed towards the explanation of competitiveness in a general way together with the development of the concept of branding together with the country variant, mentioned above, so that in this way there is a contribution towards the wine industry, a concept that is also explained in a concise way to give the reader an overview of the importance of the relationship between branding and competitiveness. This work is a qualitative analysis based on a descriptive-documentary study.
Member heterogenicity and its impacts in wine cooperatives
Authors: Kuhn K. , Weiss S. , Hanf J.H.
Published: February 2019

In 2016, 43000 members of 159 wine cooperatives were growing wine on about 30% of the total German viticultural area. Those members have different origin, belong to different age groups, their business dispose over different sizes and business models, and all members have individual desires and interests. Thus, the task of the cooperative management and boards is to align the resulting heterogeneous individual aims and interests with the overall aims and interests of the cooperative. Hence the aim of the paper is to answer the question: How the heterogenous member interests can be aligned within the cooperative? In order to answer this question four in-depth expert interviews have been conducted.
Analysis of Brazilian wine competitiveness
Authors: Wurz D.A. , Brighenti A.F.
Published: February 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate Brazilian wine competitiveness in domestic market in relation to imported wines marketed in Brazil. The work is based on quantitative sources provided by different institutions: International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), Brazilian Union of Viticulture (UVIBRA), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA) and Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA). The data referring to marketing of Brazilian and imported wines refer to the period from 1993 to 2016; and for sparkling wines data refer to the period from 1998 to 2016. During the periods evaluated, there was a 73.86% increase in wine sales and a 446% increase in sparkling wines sale; however, when we compared the volume of Brazilian wines and Brazilian sparkling wines sold, there was a reduction of 38% in the marketing of these wines, while sparkling wines commercialization recorded an increase of 518% in the volume sold. Regarding the volume of imported products, there was an increase of 737% in imported wines marketing, and an increase of 275% in imported sparkling wines marketing. In 1993, only 19.3% of imported wines were sold in relation to the total volume marketed. As of 2016, imported wines accounted for 82.1% of the volume of wines sold in Brazil. For sparkling wines, there was an inverse situation, with a reduction in the marketing of imported sparkling wines in relation to the total sold, since in 1998 imported sparkling wine accounted for 29% of Brazilian sparkling wine market and in 2016 this percentage dropped to 18.2%. It is concluded that sparkling wines are the products with greatest potential of Brazilian wine market. While still wines presents low competitiveness in relation to imported wines, being necessary to create market strategies that propitiate a greater acceptance of Brazilian wines, besides fiscal incentives to the grape producers and winemakers, reducing production costs, resulting in a lower price paid by final consumer.
Italian viticulture: A multi-faceted model of development and regression
Authors: Boselli M. , Catena M. , Tempesta G. , Fiorilo M. , Venturi A.
Published: February 2019

Wine can be considered a niche product on the drinks market, due to the annual turnover it generates and the dispersion of the productive matrix which controls its production. However, it takes on a symbolic value compared to other drinks and boasts a unique link with the territory. Typicity translated into territorial values has brought about the success of winemaking regions of great national and international fame. However, it is necessary to communicate the values and adopt the consequent measures for other areas in a secondary position or with an intermediate development. The value of wine ex-cellar, unbottled and before vat has been analyzed taking into account production in different market segments, a basic element for estimating the value of the GSP per hectare of vineyard. This paper is based on the study of physical, economic and motivational parameters that determine the primary value, the cause for consolidating or abandoning winegrowing. Decisions made by the vinegrower translate into nursery demand which, in turn, determines the varieties and surface areas of the future vineyard.
Innovation, competitiveness and sustainability factors for evaluation and prospection of geographical indications in Brazil
Authors: Flores S.S. , Falcade I.
Published: February 2019

The paper systematizes critical factors for the development of Geographical Indications, allowing to identify potentials of intervention in order to support GIs' structuring and consolidation, to prospect new ones and to compare GIs from different regions or products. Despite the importance of the GIs, there is a relative consensus among experts that its success is related to factors ranging from actor engagement and governance to institutional support and public policy. Twenty critical factors were selected, classified into five dimensions: environmental, economic, social, political-institutional and territorial. The factors were evaluated and validated by ten experts regarding their pertinence and relation with sustainability, innovation and competitiveness. The evaluation of the experts validated the 20 factors, considering more significant those linked to the territorial and political-institutional dimensions. Environmental factors were considered important but not essential; however, the process of consolidation of GIs has the potential to improve performance in this direction. Also, the evaluation allowed to relate the main factors in terms of innovation, competitiveness and sustainability for GIs' structuring and management. The application of the scale allows assessing different regions, indicating opportunities and barriers for their development.
Wine and health: A review of its benefits to human health
Authors: Wurz D.A.
Published: February 2019

Modern society seeks to consume foods that can treat and prevent disease, as well as increase longevity, and in this context stand out functional foods rich in antioxidant compounds with proven health benefits, as well as beverages that bring benefits to the health and are widely used by the population, such as wine. Wine has always been linked in some way to the history of man, either because it is a beverage with its own flavor and personality or because of the health benefits it brings. Studies carried out throughout the world show that wine, taken in a moderate amount, contributes to the health of the human organism, increasing the quality and the life time, being the polyphenols the main compounds present in the wine responsible for this contribution. In this context, the objective of this study is to carry out a bibliographical review on the main researches and studies carried out with the theme wine and health, with emphasis on the beneficial effect of the phenolic composition of red wines, and thus contribute to the dissemination of the benefits of regular consumption and wine to human health.
Further experimental data supporting the safety of potassium polyaspartate used as a food additive in wine stabilization
Authors: Colombo F. , Di Lorenzo C. , Casalegno C. , Triulzi G. , Marroncelli S. , Biella S. , Orgiu F. , Restani P.
Published: February 2019

Potassium polyaspartate (KPPA) is a food additive used for wine stabilization. KPAA was included in the list of additives allowed in EU, with the Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1399, having received a positive opinion by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) in 2016. KPAA is rich in negative charges, which are essential for its enological function consisting in binding positive ions in order to reduce wine instability. Concerns were raised on the fact that the same binding properties could be responsible for a reduction of microelement bioavailability in humans. For this reason and for the protection of consumers' health, the binding properties of potassium polyaspartate versus three minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium) was assayed using the Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). Aliquots obtained by SEC were analysed for their content in polyaspartate (by microbiuret method) and bound minerals (by ICP-OES method). The results obtained by this research shows that, when potassium polyaspartate is added to wine, the negative charges of the additive are saturated, as expected by the specific role of KPAA in tartaric stabilization. In conclusions, the effect on mineral bioavailability must be considered negligible.
Fragilité de la personne âgée : un aperçu du rôle de la nutrition
Authors: Féart Catherine
Published: February 2019

Concept communément admis dans la communauté scientifique, la fragilité souffre encore aujourd’hui de l’absence de définition opérationnelle standardisée. Caractérisées par des réserves physiologiques amoindries ne permettant plus de faire face à des situations de stress, les personnes âgées fragiles sont exposées à un sur-risque d’événements de santé défavorables. Les données de la littérature disponibles aujourd’hui placent la nutrition au cœur du concept de fragilité à dominante physique : la perte de poids non intentionnelle est un critère de fragilité et les données d’étude d’observation soulignent que des apports protéino-énergétiques et en micronutriments inappropriés sont des facteurs de risque de fragilité. En revanche, une plus forte consommation de fruits et légumes, notamment dans le cadre d’un régime méditerranéen, semble être un élément protecteur. Aucun essai clinique ne permet d’apporter la preuve de ces constats à ce jour, et les efforts de recherche doivent se poursuivre pour répondre aux besoins spécifiques de la population âgée dans ce domaine.
Platelet Microtubule Subunit Proteins
Authors: Castle A G , Crawford N
Published: February 2019

Blood platelets contain microtubule proteins (tubulin and HMWs) which can be polymerised “in vitro” to form structures which resemble the microtubules seen in the intact platelet. Platelet tubulin is composed of two non-identical subunits a and p tubulin which have molecular weights around 55,000 but can be resolved in alkaline SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These subunits associate as dimers with sedimentation coefficients of about 5.7 S although it is not known whether the dimer protein is a homo- or hetero-dimer. The dimer tubulin binds the anti-mitotic drug colchicine and the kinetics of this binding are similar to those reported for neurotubulins. Platelet microtubules also contain two HMW proteins which appear to be essential and integral components of the fully assembled microtubule. These proteins have molecular weights greater than 200,000 daltons. Fluorescent labelled antibodies to platelet and brain tubulins stain long filamentous microtubular structures in bovine lens epithelial cells and this pattern of staining is prevented by exposing the cells to conditions known to cause depolymerisation of cell microtubules.
Frontal Sinus Fractures: Management and Complications
Authors: Jing Xi Lin , Luce Edward
Published: February 2019

Frontal sinus fractures are relatively rare maxillofacial injuries (only 5–15% of all facial fractures). The appropriate management of frontal sinus fracture and associated pathology is controversial. Diagnosis and treatment of frontal sinus fractures has improved with the advances of high-resolution computed tomography technology. Treatment of frontal sinus fractures depends on several factors, including contour deformity of anterior table; the presence of CSF leak or air–fluid level in the sinus, likelihood of nasofrontal duct obstruction, and degree of displacement of posterior table. Nasofrontal duct patency should be checked if fracture pattern is highly suspicious of ductal injury. Cranialization is performed in cases of severely comminuted posterior wall fracture. Long-term complication of frontal sinus fracture can occur up to 10 years after initial injury or intervention; so, judicious long-term follow-up is warranted. This article presents the management and complications of frontal sinus fractures.
Maternal and Infant Adverse Outcomes Associated with Mild and Severe Preeclampsia during the First Year after Delivery in the United States
Authors: Ton Thanh G.N. , Bennett Mihoko V. , Incerti Devin , Peneva Desi , Druzin Maurice , Stevens Warren , Butwick Alexander J. , Lee Henry C.
Published: February 2019

Objective The burden of preeclampsia severity on the health of mothers and infants during the first year after delivery is unclear, given the lack of population-based longitudinal studies in the United States.

Study design We assessed maternal and infant adverse outcomes during the first year after delivery using population-based hospital discharge information merged with vital statistics and birth certificates of 2,021,013 linked maternal–infant births in California. We calculated sampling weights using the National Center for Health Statistics data to adjust for observed differences in maternal characteristics between California and the rest of the United States. Separately, we estimated the association between preeclampsia and gestational age and examined collider bias in models of preeclampsia and maternal and infant adverse outcomes.

Results Compared with women without preeclampsia, women with mild and severe preeclampsia delivered 0.66 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64, 0.68) and 2.74 weeks (95% CI: 2.72, 2.77) earlier, respectively. Mild preeclampsia was associated with an increased risk of having any maternal adverse outcome (relative risk [RR] = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.93, 1.97), as was severe preeclampsia (RR = 2.80; 95% CI: 2.78, 2.82). The risk of an infant adverse outcome was increased for severe preeclampsia (RR = 2.15; 95% CI: 2.14, 2.17) but only marginally for mild preeclampsia (RR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 1). Collider bias produced an inverse association for mild preeclampsia and attenuated the association for severe preeclampsia in models for any infant adverse outcome.

Conclusion Using multiple datasets, we estimated that severe preeclampsia is associated with a higher risk of maternal and infant adverse outcomes compared with mild preeclampsia, including an earlier preterm delivery.
Use of Point-of-Care Gastric pH Testing to Assess the Efficacy of Acid Suppression Therapy in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ekhaguere Osayame A. , Padula Michael A. , Jensen Erik A.
Published: February 2019

Objective The use of acid suppression therapies in newborns lacks efficacy and is associated with adverse effects. Point-of-care (POC) assessment of gastric aspirate pH may provide an objective, noninvasive measure of gastric acidity in tube fed infants. We conducted the present study to characterize the POC gastric pH levels in gastric tube fed infants before and after initiation of enteral omeprazole or ranitidine.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of infants with gastric aspirate pH levels determined by POC pH strips. Gastric pH levels recorded during 7 days before and 14 days after medication initiation were compared using Wilcoxon's sign-rank tests.

Results Among 307 evaluated infants, 284 (92%) had a median gastric pH level ≥4 in 7 days prior to ranitidine or omeprazole. In 14 days after medication initiation, the median gastric pH of infants with pretreatment median gastric pH < 4 increased to 4.5 and 5 (p < 0.01) in the ranitidine and omeprazole groups, respectively. There was no change in infants with pretreatment median gastric pH ≥4.

Conclusion Among infants receiving gastric tube feedings and enteral omeprazole or ranitidine, only those with a pretreatment gastric pH level <4 demonstrated a significant increase in gastric pH. Validation of our findings against esophageal pH multichannel intraluminal impedance testing is needed.
Changes in Platelet Functions, Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Uncomplicated Cases of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bjerre Knudsen J , Gormsen J , Skagen K , Amtorp O
Published: February 2019

Platelet aggregation and serotonin-release in vitro and some coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were studied closely in 12 patients with non-complicated acute transmural myocardial infarction from the very beginning, for 3 weeks.

The aggregability with ADP, epinephrine and collagen and the serotonin-release was significantly reduced the first days. Significantly increased aggregability and serotonin-release developed after a week, with peak activity on days 14–16. Most patients still exhibited increased activity at the discharge on days 21–22.

Positive ethanol gelation tests developed after day 1 in most patients with a peak at day 5, contemporary with peak activities of factor VIII and negatively correlated to factor XIII activity, quantitated biologically. These values were normalized on discharge. Antithrombin III (Xa) remained unchanged, normal to slightly elevated.

The fibrinolytic activity decreased after day 1 with lowest activity on day 5, contemporary with peak activity of antiplasmin. Around 50% of the patients showed decreased activity on discharge.
Nanofabrication by thermal plasma jets: From nanoparticles to low-dimensional nanomaterials
Authors: Kim K. S. , Kim T. H.
Published: February 2019

Current fabrication of nanomaterials is facing the following two challenges: high selectivity toward specific chemical compositions or morphologies and their scalable production. This usually requires new extreme fabrication conditions beyond the conventional approaches. Thermal plasma jets are flows of partially ionized gases where gas and electron temperatures reach their equilibrium state around 10 000 K, and thus provide high fluxes of energy and chemically active species including electrons and ions with their strong spatial gradients. Such extreme environments can trigger reactions that are not thermodynamically favorable or require high activation barriers, leading to the production of materials with exotic chemical compositions or structures. Since their first operation in 1960, thermal plasma jets were soon recognized as a unique and effective medium for material transformation such as melting, vaporization, and pyrolysis and recently have also found their important applications in nanomaterial fabrication. In this Perspective, we briefly review the latest progress in the thermal plasma jet-assisted fabrication of nanomaterials from nanoparticles to low-dimensional nanostructures. A special focus is made on the advantages of the thermal plasma jet technology in nanostructure fabrication, discussing plasma properties responsible for the nanomaterial growth with high throughput, high purity, anisotropy, desired compositions, or narrow size distributions. This Perspective closes with an outlook of challenges and opportunities for further advancement in this emerging field.
Assessment of labilities of metal complexes with the dynamic ion exchange technique
Authors: Quattrini Federico , Galceran Josep , Rey-Castro Carlos , Puy Jaume , Fortin Claude
Published: February 2019

Environmental contextIn natural waters, the impact of metals on biota is modulated by their binding with ligands. Ion-exchange techniques can provide information about metal-ligand complexes in solution, which can be linked to metal bioavailability in natural waters. We investigate modelling approaches to interpreting data from ion-exchange experiments to help elucidate the contribution of a particular complex to the overall metal uptake.
AbstractThe dynamic ion exchange technique (DIET) is proposed to provide speciation information, which can be used to establish links with metal bioavailability in natural waters. The experimental setup consists of a few milligrams of a sulfonic acid type ion exchange resin packed in a plastic microcolumn that is coupled to a peristaltic pump for a sample to interact with the resin which is subsequently eluted. The evolution of both the accumulated number of moles in the resin and the concentration of the effluent can provide information on the dissociation of different metal-ligand complexes when compared with the transport properties. This information can be converted into the lability degree of a given complex or the DIET concentration cDIET, which accounts for the labile fraction contributing to the metal accumulation by the resin column at the operation conditions. cDIET can be extended to columns containing chelating resins (such as those with Chelex) or to chromatography. A comprehensive modelling of the involved phenomena (such as diffusion, advection, reaction kinetics and electrostatic partitioning) leads to the quantitative interpretation of the accumulation time series (accumulation curves) or effluent evolution (breakthrough curves). Particularly simple analytical expressions can be used for short exposure times, when a (quasi) steady-state is attained. These models have been checked against the results from complexes of Cu and Ni with ligands, such as ethylenediamine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic, iminodiacetic, glutamic, salicylic, malonic and malic acids, which yield complexes with contrasting charges. Caution is advised when estimating the free metal fraction from DIET measurements, as cDIET and the free metal concentration can be considered to be equal only in the case of extremely inert complexes.
Varieties and effects of emotional content in public deliberation
Authors: Lukianova Ekaterina , Tolochin Igor , Fuji Johnson Genevieve , Knobloch Katherine R.
Published: February 2019

The Citizens’ Initiative Review (CIR) is a deliberative process that has been used in the United States to involve panels of citizens in producing balanced and easily understandable accounts of proposed ballot measures and their potential effects. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how the CIR process is shaped by evaluative framing in which the rational component cannot be clearly separated from the emotive base of assigning responsibility. We analyze the argumentative dynamic of advocates’ presentations during the 2010 CIR on Measure 73 and discuss emotional claims as products of narrative structures that define problem situations. We explore how the distinction between manipulative and valid emotional claims within the context of public deliberation can be made with the help of three categories of analysis: Themes, Ideals, and Scenarios.
Negative Discourse Analysis and utopias of the political
Authors: Graham Phil
Published: February 2019

This paper puts forward an argument about the relation between utopian thought and political discourse. It demonstrates how utopias frame normative discourse in general and political discourse in particular. The argument is informed by Kenneth Burke’s theory of the negative command and its place at the basis of all human language. I argue that utopias are necessarily based in the hortatory negative and are, in literary terms, like religious texts in general being ‘words about words’ designed to coordinate “the tribe”. Burke calls such texts ‘logological’. The argument I put forward here points to a rapidly crumbling utopia that has beset much of the world and all of the West since at least the Reagan-Thatcher era in which a new corporatist political economy was given global impetus.
Crítica en simpatía
Authors: García Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2019

For the first time, we analyze in detail the reading that Pedro Salinas makes of a series of relevant
anthologies for the history of contemporary Spanish poetry: the two anthologies of Gerardo Diego (1932–1934) and the anthologie of
Federico de Onís (1934), among others. Also, we study his theoretical reflection about this genre, which is always supported in
these “criticism with simpathy” that he claims.
Assessment of post-fire vegetation recovery in Southern Siberia using remote sensing observations
Authors: Shvetsov Evgeny G , Kukavskaya Elena A , Buryak Ludmila V , Barrett Kirsten
Published: February 2019

Wildfire is one of the main disturbances affecting forest dynamics, succession, and the carbon cycle in Siberian forests. The Zabaikal region in southern Siberia is characterized by one of the highest levels of fire activity in Russia. Time series of Landsat data and field measurements of the reforestation state were analyzed in order to estimate post-fire vegetation recovery. The results showed that the normalized burn ratio time series can be used to estimate forest recovery in the pine- and larch-dominated forests of the Zabaikal region. Multiple factors determine a forest’s recovery rate after a wildfire, including fire severity, tree species characteristics, topography, hydrology, soil properties, and climate. Assessing these factors is important if we are to understand the effects of fire on forest succession and to implement sustainable forest management strategies. In this work we used the field data and Landsat data to estimate post-fire vegetation dynamics as a function of several environmental factors. These factors include fire severity, pre-fire forest state, topography, and positive surface temperature anomalies. A regression model showed that fire frequency, fire severity, and surface temperature anomalies are the primary factors, explaining about 58% of the variance in post-fire recovery. High frequency of fire and positive surface temperature anomalies hamper the post-fire reforestation process, while more severe burns are followed by higher recovery rates. Further studies are necessary to consider other important factors such as soil properties, moisture, and precipitation, for better explanation of post-fire vegetation recovery.
Adapting, Translating, and Reworking Gomorrah
Authors: Dusi Nicola
Published: February 2019

This article seeks to find a balance between issues concerning adaptation and translation and issues of TV studies and film studies. Adapting a literary text for a movie or for a TV series within the same culture involves a plethora of interpretive, semiotic, and hermeneutic relationships. This case study of the Italian novel Gomorrah (2006) by Roberto Saviano considers diverse strategies of adaptation, illustrating the complex passage through different discourses, practices, and processes from Saviano’s novel to Matteo Garrone’s film (Gomorrah, 2008) and to the TV series (Gomorrah, 2014—on air). The analysis adopts a multidisciplinary methodology in order to draw attention to translational ‘continuities’ from one medium to another and to the differences and ‘discontinuities’ in transmedia reinterpretations of previous source materials.
A New Method for Workplace Monitoring of Airborne Diacetyl and 2,3-Pentanedione Using Thermal Desorption Tubes and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Pengelly Ian , Brown Veronica M
Published: February 2019

Diacetyl is a potentially harmful chemical that is used as an artificial flavouring in the food industry and may also be generated during processing of some natural products including coffee. In Europe, an 8-h time weighted average occupational exposure limit (TWA-OEL) of 20 ppb has been adopted for diacetyl, together with a short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 100 ppb. A sensitive new measurement method for diacetyl, and the related compound 2,3-pentanedione has been developed and evaluated. The new method uses Tenax TA sorbent tubes as the sampling media with analysis by thermal desorption (TD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample tubes are suitable for both active (pumped) and passive (diffusive) sampling. Diacetyl is stable on the sample tubes for at least 3 months but 2,3-pentanedione requires analysis within a month. Sample recovery is unaffected by changes in relative humidity and the presence of acetic acid. For short-term sampling, active sampling is recommended. The safe sampling volume for diacetyl is 3 litres which, at a flow rate of 100 ml min−1, equates to a maximum recommended sampling time of 30 min. For long-term samples, in particular collection of personal samples, passive sampling is recommended. Diffusive uptake rates have been determined for both diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione on Tenax TA tubes fitted with standard diffusion heads over sampling periods of 1 to 8 h. Analytical limits of detection are approximately 0.2 ng for diacetyl and 0.1 ng for 2,3-pentanedione. These values equate to airborne concentrations of around 0.04 ppb of diacetyl and 0.02 ppb of 2,3-pentanedione for a 1.5-litre active sample and 0.3 ppb of diacetyl and 0.1 ppb of 2,3-pentanedione for an 8-h passive sample. In the case of passive sampling, this limit of detection is less than 1/50th of the new European TWA-OEL for diacetyl of 20 ppb. The method can also be used to identify the presence of other volatile organic compounds at sub-ppm concentrations.