bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explorando as Representações Sociais dos Idoso frente a Pandemia da COVID-19: Uma Abordagem Psicossocial
Authors: Barros Maria Izabel Cavalcanti da Silva , Coutinho Maria da Penha de Lima , Coutinho Márcio de Lima
Published: September 2023

O presente estudo teve como objetivo apreender as Representações Sociais elaboradas pelo grupo de pertença de idosos acerca da pandemia da COVID-19, tomando como arcabouço teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Trata-se de um estudo de campo, exploratório do tipo amostragem não probabilística (Snowball). Participaram do estudo 43 (quarenta e três) idosos, sendo 14 mulheres e 29 homens. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados provenientes do questionário sociodemográfico foram analisados através de estatísticas descritivas (SPSS). As narrativas obtidas através da entrevista semiestruturada foram processadas pelo software ALCESTE.  Em um contexto mais amplo, a presente investigação pode vir a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de políticas eficazes e embasadas em evidências, tendo em vista os desafios globais enfrentados ao longo da pandemia do COVID-19. As representações sociais compartilhadas e elaboradas pelos idosos na construção de significados sobre o COVID-19, a sua percepção da vivência e sobre a vacina, permitiram evidenciar os aspectos que levariam à prevenção. Nesse sentido, este estudo não apenas enriquece nosso entendimento das percepções dos idosos em relação à pandemia, mas também oferece um alicerce sólido para a tomada de decisões informadas, possivelmente influenciando o planejamento de estratégias de saúde pública e ações direcionadas a essa população vulnerável. A análise das Representações Sociais compartilhadas pelos idosos poderá contribuir para a promoção de abordagens preventivas e esclarecedoras, no intuito de enfrentar os desafios que emergiram durante a crise global da COVID-19.
Comparative Analysis of Thesis Similarity in the Institute of Home Affairs: A Study of Praja from Batches XXVIII, XXIX, and XXX Using Turnitin Software
Authors: Hapsari Rian Dwi
Published: September 2023

Background: Plagiarism is a significant global issue in academic papers, specifically in higher education. Despite the presence of numerous anti-plagiarism tools, such as Turnitin software, the associated subscription costs remained relatively high. Furthermore, software may not consistently deliver precise results and students exploit the vulnerabilities of students through deceptive tactics.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Turnitin software on the assessment of similarity in theses of praja at the Institute of Home Affairs Governance (IPDN).

Method: A descriptive qualitative method was used.

Result: The results showed that use of Turnitin in the library reduced the level of similarity in praja theses by 39.01%, 29.63%, and 36.70% for Batches XXVIII, XXIX, and XXX, respectively. On average, praja required 7-10 check before similarity scores met the requirements.

Conclusion: Use of Turnitin software at IPDN was very effective, specifically in assessing similarity in theses over the last three years.

 Keywords: Academic Integrity; Turnitin Use; Similarity Check; Institute of Home Affairs Governance Praja Theses

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Plagiarisme adalah masalah global yang signifikan dalam makalah akademis, khususnya di pendidikan tinggi. Meskipun terdapat banyak alat anti-plagiarisme, seperti perangkat lunak Turnitin, biaya berlangganan terkait masih relatif tinggi. Selain itu, perangkat lunak mungkin tidak secara konsisten memberikan hasil yang tepat dan siswa mengeksploitasi kerentanan siswa melalui taktik yang menipu.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh software Turnitin terhadap penilaian kesamaan skripsi praja di Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (IPDN).

Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Turnitin di perpustakaan menurunkan tingkat kemiripan praja skripsi masing-masing sebesar 39,01%, 29,63%, dan 36,70% untuk Angkatan XXVIII, XXIX, dan XXX.

Rata-rata, praja memerlukan 7-10 pemeriksaan sebelum skor kemiripan memenuhi persyaratan.

Kesimpulan: Penggunaan software Turnitin di IPDN sangat efektif, khususnya dalam menilai kesamaan skripsi selama tiga tahun terakhir.

Kata kunci: Integritas akademik; Penggunaan Turnitin; Pemeriksaan Kesamaan; Skripsi Praja Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri
Design and implementation of a microcontroller based split air conditioner control system
Authors: TİMUR Oğuzhan , TEKE Ahmet
Published: September 2023

Different methods should be developed to work on energy efficiency in the electrical systems that do not allow outside intervention in the control part. In this study, the command and control of split air conditioners is carried out through hardware and software designed using the embedded system board. Infrared signals in the remote control device of the air conditioner were read with the developed circuit and recorded in the internal memory of the card, and these codes were used for energy efficiency studies. The obtained codes were used in 2 different applications. Thermal camera technology has been used instead of the traditional presence and motion sensors, which cannot achieve the desired success in asset detection in the absence of motion in the implemented applications. In this way, the presence of living things in the areas where the application is made has been detected with a much higher sensitivity regardless of the movement. As a result of the realized studies on the existing systems, 30% energy saving potential is determined approximately.
Authentic Pathology Specimen Reception: A Valuable Resource for Developing Biomedical Science Student Competencies and Employability
Authors: Hussain T. , Namvar S. , Jones M.
Published: September 2023

Background/Introduction: The pathology specimen reception is fundamental to the services provided by Biomedical Science laboratories worldwide. To ensure patient safety and that samples are of adequate quality to send for analysis, prospective Biomedical Scientists should have a robust knowledge of the processes involved and the acceptance criteria of the pathology specimen reception. This knowledge has been highlighted by employers as a current gap in Biomedical Science graduates and therefore needs to be addressed within higher education settings. To do this, this study aimed to 1) design a practical session to simulate the key processes of the pathology specimen reception and 2) to understand Biomedical Science students’ opinions on these activities and the development of transferable skills required for post-graduate employment.

Methods: The practical session was designed based on industrial requirements and academic knowledge of student skill sets to ensure suitability. Qualitative information regarding participant demographics and career interests was acquired through open-answer or multiple-choice questions. Quantitative student feedback was acquired via questionnaires utilising a 5-point Likert scale (n = 77).

Results: The scenario-based practical session provided students with a positive learning experience with 98.7% of participants enjoying the session, with 87.0% stating they learned a lot by completing the session. It was also identified that participants preferred this style of learning to that of conventional higher education teaching modalities with 97.4% stating they would prefer simulated employment focussed scenarios embedded into the curriculum more often. The majority of participants also thought this session was helpful for the development of their key transferrable skills including teamworking, communication, and confidence. When stratified based on demographic data, there was minimal difference between cohorts and in the majority of cases, those participants from non-traditional university entry backgrounds had a more positive experience and better transferable skill development following the completion of this style of learning experience.

Conclusion: This study highlights simulation-based learning as a tool to develop core Biomedical Science knowledge, build student graduate capital, and ensure the preparedness of students for post-graduation employment.
Molecular, morphological and ecological studies of Limnospira platensis (Cyanobacteria), from saline and alkaline lakes, Pantanal Biome, Brazil
Authors: Santos Kleber Renan de Souza , Hentschke Guilherme Scotta , Ferrari Graciela , Andreote Ana Paula Dini , Fiore Marli de Fátima , Vasconcelos Vitor , Sant’Anna Célia Leite
Published: September 2023

We studied nineteen populations of A. platensis (Microcoleaceae, Cyanobacteria), from Pantanal (Brazil) shallow, saline and alkaline lakes. The lakes are connected to the Paraná and Paraguay Rivers Basins, and during wet seasons, the waters flow towards La Plata River estuary. Morphology of natural populations and cultures were analyzed using optical microscope, and 16S rDNA sequences were used for the BI and ML phylogenetic analysis. The morphological analysis shows that our populations fit in the original description of A. platensis, but with additional aerotopes. Also, it is evident that these structures are facultative and the species is planktonic, rather than benthic without aerotopes, as originally described. The phylogenetic analysis shows our strains in the monophyletic Limnospira clade. Considering that, in this paper we transfer the species A. platensis to the genus Limnospira, based on phylogenetic and morphological data. This new taxonomical combination is supported also by ecological data, and indicates that the species is more related and abundant in Pantanal, than in La Plata Basin, region from where it was originally described. According to our results, L. platensis is planktonic or benthic and typical from saline, alkaline and warm waters.
Enhancing the design of wine labels
Authors: Crichton-Fock Anders , Spence Charles , Mora Maria , Pettersson Nicklas
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The knowledge accrued through research in the domain of crossmodal correspondences has had a significant influence on a diverse array of disciplines, including behavioral studies, neuroscience, computational modeling, and notably, marketing, with the objective of aligning sensory experiences to help shape patterns of consumer behavior. A study is reported that explores the extension of these principles to the communication of products having a notably complex sensory profile, specifically within the context of wine. The central aim of the project is to explore the feasibility of using crossmodal communication as a strategic tool to augment the congruence between the consumers’ multisensory expectations and their sensory experiences. For consumers venturing into the realm of wine selection without the advantage of prior tasting experience, it is of paramount importance to possess a robust understanding of the mandated information. This encompasses critical elements such as the wine’s origin, grape varietal(s) used, geographical indications, producer qualifications, and the potential implications of these factors on the final wine product. This level of comprehension stands as a necessary prerequisite, enabling these consumers to make informed choices that align with their preferences, even in the absence of previous sensory encounters. Nonetheless, semiotic investigations underscore the significance attributed to symbolic components such as signs, logos, colors, gestures, and linguistic cues. Research from the field performing multisensory studies, presents a counterpoint to prevailing communication paradigms, advocating for a heightened incorporation of metaphors, analogies, symbols, metonymies, and allegories. This alternative approach aims to enhance the efficacy of communication strategies, offering a more profound and evocative means of conveying intricate messages on a more holistic level.

Methods

A questionnaire was sent to a specific group of engaged wine consumers (n = 329). Besides questions regarding demographics, purchase behavior, and consumption behavior, the questionnaire included examples of multisensory communication through a selection of symbols, as well as alternative wine information.

Results

The results showed significant correlations between demographics, consumption behavior, and attitudes toward the tested multisensory symbols and alternative information, thus helping to gain a better understanding of the sensory properties that should be communicated on wine labels.

Discussion

The findings reported here highlight the effectiveness of visual crossmodal communication as a promising pathway capable of skillfully capturing consumer attributes, conveying multisensory experiences, and portraying the comprehensive timeline of taste evolution. As a result, it assumes a pivotal role as a communicative tool for intricate consumables, like wine, functioning at the crossroads of visual and sensory dimensions.
Factors associated with suicidal attempts in female patients with mood disorder
Authors: Zhang Jinhe , Liang Sixiang , Liu Xinyu , Li Dan , Zhou Fuchun , Xiao Le , Liu Jun , Sha Sha
Published: September 2023

Aim

This study aims to establish a nomogram model to predict the relevance of SA in Chinese female patients with mood disorder (MD).

Method

The study included 396 female participants who were diagnosed with MD Diagnostic Group (F30–F39) according to the 10th Edition of Disease and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Assessing the differences of demographic information and clinical characteristics between the two groups. LASSO Logistic Regression Analyses was used to identify the risk factors of SA. A nomogram was further used to construct a prediction model. Bootstrap re-sampling was used to internally validate the final model. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and C-index was also used to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model.

Result

LASSO regression analysis showed that five factors led to the occurrence of suicidality, including BMI (β= −0.02, SE = 0.02), social dysfunction (β= 1.72, SE = 0.24), time interval between first onset and first dose (β= 0.03, SE = 0.01), polarity at onset (β= −1.13, SE = 0.25), and times of hospitalization (β= −0.11, SE = 0.06). We assessed the ability of the nomogram model to recognize suicidality, with good results (AUC = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.71–0.80). Indicating that the nomogram had a good consistency (C-index: 0.756, 95% CI: 0.750–0.758). The C-index of bootstrap resampling with 100 replicates for internal validation was 0.740, which further demonstrated the excellent calibration of predicted and observed risks.

Conclusion

Five factors, namely BMI, social dysfunction, time interval between first onset and first dose, polarity at onset, and times of hospitalization, were found to be significantly associated with the development of suicidality in patients with MD. By incorporating these factors into a nomogram model, we can accurately predict the risk of suicide in MD patients. It is crucial to closely monitor clinical factors from the beginning and throughout the course of MD in order to prevent suicide attempts.
Evaluation of the effect of photoplethysmograms on workers’ exposure to methyl bromide using second derivative
Authors: Choi Jungmi , Cha Wonseok , Park Min-Goo
Published: September 2023

Methyl bromide (MB) is worldwide the only effective fumigant heavily used for quarantine pre-shipment treatment and has a critical use exemption for soil fumigations due to its excellent permeability and insecticidal effect. However, MB should be replaced as it is an an ozone-depleting substance and also highly toxic to humans. Recently, MB has been shown to be hazardous even for asymptomatic workers, affecting their central and autonomic nervous systems. However, the effects of MB exposure on vascular health have not been explored. This study aimed to determine whether MB affects the arterial system of asymptomatic workers. We measured the second derivative of the photoplethysmogram (SDPTG) indices, which are indicators of vascular load and aging, and urinary bromide ion (Br−) concentrations in 44 fumigators (study group) and 20 inspectors (control group) before and after fumigation. In fumigators, the mean values of post-work SDPTG indices (b/a, c/a, d/a, e/a, and SDPTG aging index) and Br− levels were significantly changed compared to their pre-work values (p < 0.05), indicating a negative effect on their cardiovascular health. In contrast, SDPTG indices and Br− levels in inspectors did not show any differences before and after work. All SDPTG indices except c/a showed significant correlations with Br− levels in all individuals (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the Br− levels and SDPTG indices of fumigators varied after MB work, and they experienced negative effects on their health despite being asymptomatic.
Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) as Green Energy Source for Space Propulsion
Authors: Harimech Zakaria , Toshtay Kainaubek , Atamanov Meiram , Azat Seitkhan , Amrousse Rachid
Published: September 2023

The thermal decomposition of an ammonium dinitramide-based energetic compound was conducted for the first time using a dispersive inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, DTA-TG analysis, and pyrolysis at a constant temperature. A liquid droplet was injected over synthesized CuO catalytic particles deposited on lanthanum oxide-doped alumina. The thermal behavior of the ADN liquid monopropellant revealed that decomposition in the presence of catalytic particles occurs in two distinct steps, with the majority of ejected gases being detected in real-time analysis using the DIP-MS technique. At a temperature of 280 °C, pyrolysis confirmed the catalytic decomposition behavior of ADN, which occurred in two distinct steps.
Myristic Acid Regulates Triglyceride Production in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through the Ubiquitination Pathway
Authors: Hu Mengxue , Wu Peifu , Guo Aiwei , Liu Lily
Published: September 2023

This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of myristic acid on milk fat synthesis in cows. An association between myristic acid and high milk fat content in Zhongdian yaks’ guts was found through combined metagenomic and metabolomic analysis. Bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) were cultured and treated with various myristic acid concentrations. After 24 h, the protein expression levels of CD36 (membrane glycoprotein CD36), ADFP (adipose differentiation-related protein), and UB (ubiquitin) were analyzed, along with cellular proteasome activity, triglyceride content, lipid droplets, and cell viability. Myristic acid at 200 μM significantly upregulated CD36, ADFP, UB, the content of triglyceride content and lipid droplets, and cell viability, but did not affect proteasome activity. Pathway analysis revealed that myristic acid regulates milk fat synthesis through ubiquitination–lysosome and ubiquitination–proteasome pathways. The study demonstrates myristic acid’s role in regulating triglyceride synthesis in MAC-T cells and its potential application as a feed additive for cattle, benefitting the dairy industry’s milk production efficiency and economic outcomes.
Sustainable Grazing by Cattle and Sheep for Semi-Natural Grasslands in Sweden
Authors: Glimskär Anders , Hultgren Jan , Hiron Matthew , Westin Rebecka , Bokkers Eddie A. M. , Keeling Linda J.
Published: September 2023

Despite their importance for biodiversity and other ecosystem services, many semi-natural grasslands deteriorate or have even disappeared due to insufficient grazing and neglect. Preservation of grassland habitats depends on a good understanding of sustainable grazing management as well as effective agricultural policy measures that ensure long-term economic sustainability for the farmer. Through meta-evaluation and synthesis of previous investigations and discussion of scientific literature, we aimed to evaluate factors that determine the extent to which cattle and sheep in Sweden graze semi-natural grasslands instead of more productive land and what this means for biodiversity and sustainability. We also aimed to propose which practises and policy measures may be the most cost-effective to promote habitat quality and the sustainable use of grasslands. Results from a nationwide survey of Swedish farmers’ attitudes towards agri-environmental payment schemes are discussed in relation to farm characteristics and other factors influencing the use of cattle and sheep for sustainable grazing. This study supports recommendations by environmental economists that payments should be targeted more strongly at the most valuable grasslands, emphasising the need for a more detailed and nuanced framework for classifying grasslands in Europe. A comparison with independent estimates of the area of agricultural land from nation-wide, sample-based monitoring shows that the data from official statistics normally used for nationwide evaluations are partly biased and of insufficient quality, underscoring the need for more sophisticated and precise methods for monitoring both overall trends and detailed environmental effects related to the preservation of semi-natural grasslands.
Combined Styletubation with Videolaryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy with Intraoperative Neuromonitoring
Authors: Pan Hui-Shan , Corey Tiffany , Luk Hsiang-Ning , Qu Jason Zhensheng , Shikani Alan
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this case series report is to demonstrate the current state of the art regarding tracheal intubation of an evoked electromyography-endotracheal tube (EMG-ET tube) for continuous intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring (IONM) in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Both direct laryngoscopy (DL) and videolaryngoscopy (VL) are popular for routine tracheal intubation of an EMG-ET tube. A new intubating technique (styletubation), using a video-assisted intubating stylet (VS), provides less traumatic and swift intubation. Styletubation combined with VL ensures the precise placement of the EMG-ET tube. This novel intubation technique improves the outcome of intubating an EMG-ET tube for IONM.
Incidence of Bacteriobilia and the Correlation with Antibioticoprophylaxis in Low-Risk Patients Submitted to Elective Videolaparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pagani Marcos Alberto , Dolfini Pedro Meira , Trazzi Beatriz Flávia de Moraes , Dolfini Maria Ines Meira , da Silva William Saranholi , Chagas Eduardo Federighi Baisi , Reis Carlos Henrique Bertoni , Pilon João Paulo Galletti , Pagani Bruna Trazzi , Strasser Rodrigo Tavore , Mendes Claudemir Gregório , Vernaschi Fausto Tucunduva , Buchaim Daniela Vieira , Buchaim Rogerio Leone
Published: September 2023

Cholelithiasis has a major impact on global health and affects an average of 20% of the Western population. The main risk factors are females, age over 40 years, obesity and pregnancy. Most of the time it is asymptomatic, but when there are symptoms, they are generally nonspecific. Bile was considered sterile, but today it is known that it contains a complex bacterial flora, which causes biofilm in the gallbladder and gallstones. Among the main bacteria associated with cholelithiasis are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, species of Enterococcus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. Antibiotic prophylaxis is used in an attempt to reduce postoperative infections, especially at the surgical site. However, some authors found no relationship between the use of antibiotic prophylaxis and a lower risk of surgical site infection. Thus, the aim of this double-blind randomized clinical trial was to compare the existence or not of bacteriobilia in patients at low anesthetic risk who underwent videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy, and its correlation with the use of prophylactic antibiotics. This study included 40 patients between 18 and 65 years old, diagnosed with cholelithiasis, symptomatic or not, with low anesthetic risk classified by the American Society of Anesthesiology in ASA I or ASA II, without complications or previous manipulation of the bile duct, who underwent elective video cholecystectomy, divided into two groups: Experimental Group A (n = 20), which received 2 g of Cephalotin (first-generation Cephalosporin, Keflin®, ABL antibiotics, Cosmópolis, Brazil) during anesthetic induction, and Control Group B (n = 20), where no antibiotics were administered until bile collection. After the procedure, a bile sample was collected and culture and antibiogram were performed. In the sample, 22 (55%) were classified as ASA I and 18 (45%) as ASA II. It was observed that 81.8% of the patients who had a positive culture did not use antibiotics, against 18.2% of those who used prophylaxis. When comparing patients regarding anesthetic risk, ASA I patients had a positive culture in 9.1% of cases, against 90.9% in patients classified as ASA II. It was concluded that patients with higher anesthetic risk (ASA II) have a higher chance of bacteriobilia and benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis when compared to patients with lower anesthetic risk (ASA I).
Modelling the Interaction of Illuminations with a Sensor Matrix Used in Vision Systems
Authors: Waśniowska Justyna , Sioma Andrzej
Published: September 2023

The article discusses a method of modelling the interaction of industrial illuminators with sensor arrays used in industrial vision systems cameras. The research used a model containing a light source and a sensor matrix. As part of the research, the average intensity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range on the surface of the sensor matrix was measured, as well as its analysis and interpretation using a model of illuminators. The light source is described based on the measurement of an authentic industrial illuminator, for which a photometric solid was determined using a photogoniometer and spectral irradiance with a spectroradiometer. A theoretical model of the matrix was prepared, enabling the selection and control of the parameters of its work. As part of the conducted research, the impact of changing the lighting model parameters, such as the photometric solid, spectral irradiance, and number of rays, and the effect of changing the matrix parameters, such as the dimensions, number of pixels, on the irradiance measurement, were checked. The results of simulation tests are presented for selected sets of models of the light source and for the model of sensors’ matrix. The summary presents the impact of changes in parameters adopted for models on the simulation results.
Enhanced Clustering and Indoor Movement Path Generation from Wi-Fi Fingerprint Data Using Bounding Boxes and Grid Cells
Authors: Shin Hong-Gi , Lee Daesung , Hwang Chi-Gon , Yoon Chang-Pyo
Published: September 2023

Recently, various application fields utilizing Wi-Fi fingerprint data have been under research. However, fingerprint data collected from a specific location does not include relevant information, such as continuity. Therefore, most indoor positioning technologies predict the user’s location based on location signals collected at specific points within the indoor space, without taking into account the user’s movements. Hence, there is a need for technology that improves the accuracy of indoor positioning while moving. This paper proposes a technique to generate movement path data by applying the concepts of “BB” and “Grid Cell” from computer vision to Wi-Fi fingerprint data. This approach represents data points as bounding boxes (BBs), then establishes grid cells and clusters of these BBs to generate adjacency information. Subsequently, movement path data are created based on this information. We utilized the movement path information generated from the dataset as training data for machine learning and introduced an enhanced indoor positioning technology. First, the experiments in this paper assessed the performance of the proposed technology based on the number of paths in the LSTM model. Second, the performance of clustering methods was compared through experiments. Finally, we evaluated the performance of various machine learning models. The experimental results confirmed a maximum accuracy of 94.48% when determining the location based on route information. Clustering performance improved accuracy by up to 3%. In comparative experiments with machine learning models, accuracy improved by up to 2.8%.
Carotenoids Extraction from Orange Peels Using a Thymol-Based Hydrophobic Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Terlidis Konstantinos , Athanasiadis Vassilis , Chatzimitakos Theodoros , Bozinou Eleni , Lalas Stavros I.
Published: September 2023

The food industry produces substantial amounts of waste, which can cause a lot of environmental issues. However, such waste is also a valuable source of bioactive substances that can potentially be used either by the food industry or other types of industries, in the production of medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, etc. The present study proposes a novel approach to extract such bioactive compounds from orange peel waste using hydrophobic eutectic solvents synthesized with thymol and fatty acids (hexanoic and octanoic acid). A response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction conditions and achieve maximum recovery of carotenoids. The optimal hydrophobic eutectic solvent consisted of thymol and hexanoic acid at a molar ratio of 2:1, and the optimum extraction was achieved using a solvent-to-solid ratio of 12:1 and a temperature of 20 °C for 78 min; this resulted in a recovery of 259.45 μg of total carotenoids per g of dry matter, which is a significantly higher recovery compared to common organic solvents. Based on the above, it is demonstrated that hydrophobic eutectic solvents is a promising solvent that can be used to extract bioactive compounds from orange peel waste.
Nitrogen Journey in Plants: From Uptake to Metabolism, Stress Response, and Microbe Interaction
Authors: Zayed Omar , Hewedy Omar A. , Abdelmoteleb Ali , Ali Mohammed , Youssef Mohamed S. , Roumia Ahmed F. , Seymour Danelle , Yuan Ze-Chun
Published: September 2023

Plants uptake and assimilate nitrogen from the soil in the form of nitrate, ammonium ions, and available amino acids from organic sources. Plant nitrate and ammonium transporters are responsible for nitrate and ammonium translocation from the soil into the roots. The unique structure of these transporters determines the specificity of each transporter, and structural analyses reveal the mechanisms by which these transporters function. Following absorption, the nitrogen metabolism pathway incorporates the nitrogen into organic compounds via glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase that convert ammonium ions into glutamine and glutamate. Different isoforms of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase exist, enabling plants to fine-tune nitrogen metabolism based on environmental cues. Under stressful conditions, nitric oxide has been found to enhance plant survival under drought stress. Furthermore, the interaction between salinity stress and nitrogen availability in plants has been studied, with nitric oxide identified as a potential mediator of responses to salt stress. Conversely, excessive use of nitrate fertilizers can lead to health and environmental issues. Therefore, alternative strategies, such as establishing nitrogen fixation in plants through diazotrophic microbiota, have been explored to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Ultimately, genomics can identify new genes related to nitrogen fixation, which could be harnessed to improve plant productivity.
Ochronotic Chondropathy: A Case Report
Authors: Littman Jake , Pietro John , Olansen Jon , Phornphutkul Chanika , Aaron Roy K.
Published: September 2023

Endogenous ochronosis, also known as alkaptonuria, is a rare disease known for its bluish-black discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and pinnae, as well as urine that turns black upon standing. Though rarely fatal, joint degradation is a common sequela, and many patients require multiple large joint arthroplasties throughout their lifetime. Though many aspects of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease have been described, questions remain, such as how the initiation of ochronotic pigmentation is prompted and the specific circumstances that make some tissues more resistant to pigmentation-related damage than others. In this report, we present the case of an 83-year-old female previously diagnosed with alkaptonuria including high-quality arthroscopic images displaying the fraying of articular cartilage. We also offer a summary of the latest literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, including cellular-level changes observed in ochronotic chondrocytes, biochemical and mechanical alterations to the cartilaginous extracellular matrix, and patterns of pigmentation and joint degradation observed in humans and mice models. With these, we present an overview of the mechanisms of ochronotic chondropathy and joint degradation as the processes are currently understood. While alkaptonuria itself is rare, it has been termed a “fundamental disease,” implying that its study and greater understanding have the potential to lead to insights in skeletal biology in general, as well as more common pathologies such as osteoarthritis and their potential treatment mechanisms.
Research on a Magnetic Separation-Based Rapid Nucleic Acid Extraction System and Its Detection Applications
Authors: Li Yao , Liu Sha , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Yue , Li Song , He Nongyue , Deng Yan , Chen Zhu
Published: September 2023

Nucleic acid extraction represents the “first step” in molecular diagnostic experiments. The quality of this extraction serves as a fundamental prerequisite for ensuring the accuracy of nucleic acid detection. This article presents a comprehensive design scheme for a rapid automated nucleic acid extraction system based on magnetic separation. The design and implementation of the system are analyzed and investigated in-depth, focusing on the core methods, hardware control, and software control of the automated nucleic acid extraction system. Additionally, a study and evaluation were carried out concerning the nucleic acid extraction and detection aspects encompassed by the system. The results demonstrate that the temperature deviation in the lysis and elution fluids is approximately ±1 °C, the positioning accuracy of the system’s movement is ±0.005 mm, the average magnetic bead recovery rate is 94.98%, and the average nucleic acid recovery rate is 91.83%. The developed automated system and manual methods are employed for sample extraction, enabling the isolation of highly pure nucleic acids from bacteria, blood, and animal tissues for RT-PCR detection. The instrument employs lysis temperatures ranging from 70–80 °C, elution temperature of 80 °C, and drying time of 5–10 min, with a total extraction time of less than 35 min for different sample types. Overall, the system yields high nucleic acid concentration and purity, exhibits stable instrument operation, good repeatability, high efficiency, and low cost. It meets the requirements of genetic-level research and is worthy of clinical promotion and usage.
Cell Patterning Technology on Polymethyl Methacrylate through Controlled Physicochemical and Biochemical Functionalization
Authors: Azuaje-Hualde Enrique , Komen Job , Alonso-Cabrera Juncal A. , van den Berg Albert , de Pancorbo Marian M. , van der Meer Andries D. , Benito-Lopez Fernando , Basabe-Desmonts Lourdes
Published: September 2023

In recent years, innovative cell-based biosensing systems have been developed, showing impact in healthcare and life science research. Now, there is a need to design mass-production processes to enable their commercialization and reach society. However, current protocols for their fabrication employ materials that are not optimal for industrial production, and their preparation requires several chemical coating steps, resulting in cumbersome protocols. We have developed a simplified two-step method for generating controlled cell patterns on PMMA, a durable and transparent material frequently employed in the mass manufacturing of microfluidic devices. It involves air plasma and microcontact printing. This approach allows the formation of well-defined cell arrays on PMMA without the need for blocking agents to define the patterns. Patterns of various adherent cell types in dozens of individual cell cultures, allowing the regulation of cell–material and cell–cell interactions, were developed. These cell patterns were integrated into a microfluidic device, and their viability for more than 20 h under controlled flow conditions was demonstrated. This work demonstrated the potential to adapt polymeric cytophobic materials to simple fabrication protocols of cell-based microsystems, leveraging the possibilities for commercialization.
Using Biosensors to Study Organoids, Spheroids and Organs-on-a-Chip: A Mechanobiology Perspective
Authors: Yousafzai Muhammad Sulaiman , Hammer John A.
Published: September 2023

The increasing popularity of 3D cell culture models is being driven by the demand for more in vivo-like conditions with which to study the biochemistry and biomechanics of numerous biological processes in health and disease. Spheroids and organoids are 3D culture platforms that self-assemble and regenerate from stem cells, tissue progenitor cells or cell lines, and that show great potential for studying tissue development and regeneration. Organ-on-a-chip approaches can be used to achieve spatiotemporal control over the biochemical and biomechanical signals that promote tissue growth and differentiation. These 3D model systems can be engineered to serve as disease models and used for drug screens. While culture methods have been developed to support these 3D structures, challenges remain to completely recapitulate the cell–cell and cell–matrix biomechanical interactions occurring in vivo. Understanding how forces influence the functions of cells in these 3D systems will require precise tools to measure such forces, as well as a better understanding of the mechanobiology of cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. Biosensors will prove powerful for measuring forces in both of these contexts, thereby leading to a better understanding of how mechanical forces influence biological systems at the cellular and tissue levels. Here, we discussed how biosensors and mechanobiological research can be coupled to develop accurate, physiologically relevant 3D tissue models to study tissue development, function, malfunction in disease, and avenues for disease intervention.
Piezoresistive Response of Carbon Nanotube Yarn Monofilament Composites under Axial Compression
Authors: Garcia Guerra Iriana , Tayyarian Tannaz , Rodríguez-Uicab Omar , Abot Jandro L.
Published: September 2023

The hierarchical structure and microscale dimensions of carbon nanotube yarns (CNTYs) make them great candidates for the development of integrated sensing applications. The change in the electrical resistance of CNTYs due to mechanical strain, known as piezoresistivity, is the principal mechanism in strain sensing using CNTYs. While the axial tensile properties of CNTYs have been studied widely, studies on the axial piezoresistive response of CNTYS under compression have been limited due to the complexities associated with the nature of the experiments involving subjecting a slender fiber to compression loading in its axial direction. In this study, the piezoresistive response of a single CNTY embedded into a polymeric resin (CNTY monofilament composite) was investigated under axial compression. The results suggest that the CNTY exhibits a strong piezoresistive response in the axial direction with sensitivity or gauge factor values in the order of 0.4–0.5 for CNTY monofilament composites. The piezoresistive response of the CNTY monofilament composites under compression was compared to that under tension and it was observed that the sensitivity appears to be slightly lower under compression. The potential change in sensitivity between the freestanding CNTY and the CNTY monofilament composite under compression is still unknown. Knowing the axial piezoresistive response of the CNTYs under both tension and compression will enable their use in sensing applications where the yarn undergoes compression including those in aerospace and marine structures, and civil or energy infrastructure.
Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: An In-Depth and Up-to-Date Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Management and Future Directions
Authors: Karpes Josh B. , Shamavonian Raphael , Dewhurst Suzannah , Cheng Ernest , Wijayawardana Ru , Ahmadi Nima , Morris David L.
Published: September 2023

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is an extremely rare malignancy usually confined to the abdominal cavity. With an aggressive natural history, morbidity and mortality are consequences of progressive locoregional effects within the peritoneal cavity. The first reported case was in the early 20th century, however, due to the rare nature of the disease and a large gap in understanding of the clinicopathological effects, the next reported MPM cases were only published half a decade later. Since then, there has been exponential growth in our understanding of the disease, however, there are no prospective data and a paucity of literature regarding management. Traditionally, patients were treated with systemic therapy and the outcomes were very poor, with a median survival of less than one year. However, with the advent of cytoreductive surgery and locoregional chemotherapy, there have been significant improvements in survival. Even more recently, with an improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of MPM, there have been reports of improved outcomes with novel therapies. Given the disastrous natural history of MPM, the limited data, and the lack of universal treatment guidelines, an in-depth review of the past, present, and future of MPM is critical to improve treatment regimens and, subsequently, patient outcomes.
High-Dimensional Mass Cytometry Analysis of Embryonic Antigens and Their Signaling Pathways in Myeloid Cells from Bone Marrow Aspirates in AML Patients at Diagnosis
Authors: Aanei Carmen-Mariana , Devêvre Estelle , Șerban Adrian , Tavernier-Tardy Emmanuelle , Guyotat Denis , Campos Catafal Lydia
Published: September 2023

Background: Embryonic antigens (EA) regulate pluripotency, self-renewal, and differentiation in embryonic stem (ES) cells during their development. In adult somatic cells, EA expression is normally inhibited; however, EAs can be re-expressed by cancer cells and are involved in the deregulation of different signaling pathways (SPs). In the context of AML, data concerning the expression of EAs are scarce and contradictory. Methods: We used mass cytometry to explore the expression of EAs and three SPs in myeloid cells from AML patients and normal bone marrow (NBM). Imaging flow cytometry was used for morphological assessment of cells in association with their OCT3/4 expression status (positive vs. negative). Results: An overall reduction in or absence of EA expression was observed in immature myeloid cells from AML patients compared to their normal counterparts. Stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3) was consistently expressed at low levels in immature myeloid cells, whereas SSEA-1 was overexpressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloblasts from AML with monocytic differentiation (AML M4/M5). Therefore, these markers are valuable for distinguishing between normal and abnormal myeloid cells. These preliminary results show that the exploration of myeloid cell intracellular SPs in the setting of AML is very informative. Deregulation of three important leukemogenic SPs was also observed in myeloid cells from AML. Conclusions: Exploring EAs and SPs in myeloid cells from AML patients by mass cytometry may help identify characteristic phenotypes and facilitate AML follow-up.
CEUS Bosniak Classification—Time for Differentiation and Change in Renal Cyst Surveillance
Authors: Möller Kathleen , Jenssen Christian , Correas Jean Michel , Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Bertolotto Michele , Ignee André , Dong Yi , Cantisani Vito , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: September 2023

It is time for a change. CEUS is an established method that should be much more actively included in renal cyst monitoring strategies. This review compares the accuracies, strengths, and weaknesses of CEUS, CECT, and MRI in the classification of renal cysts. In order to avoid overstaging by CEUS, a further differentiation of classes IIF, III, and IV is required. A further development in the refinement of the CEUS-Bosniak classification aims to integrate CEUS more closely into the monitoring of renal cysts and to develop new and complex monitoring algorithms.
Transgenic Mice Expressing Functional TCRs Specific to Cardiac Myhc-α 334–352 on Both CD4 and CD8 T Cells Are Resistant to the Development of Myocarditis on C57BL/6 Genetic Background
Authors: Sur Meghna , Rasquinha Mahima T. , Arumugam Rajkumar , Massilamany Chandirasegaran , Gangaplara Arunkumar , Mone Kiruthiga , Lasrado Ninaad , Yalaka Bharathi , Doiphode Aakash , Gurumurthy Channabasavaiah , Steffen David , Reddy Jay
Published: September 2023

Myocarditis is a predominant cause of congestive heart failure and sudden death in children and young adolescents that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Lymphocytic myocarditis mediated by T cells can result from the recognition of cardiac antigens that may involve CD4 or CD8 T cells or both. In this report, we describe the generation of T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice on a C57BL/6 genetic background specific to cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334–352 and make the following observations: First, we verified that Myhc-α 334–352 was immunogenic in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and induced antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses despite being a poor binder of IAb; however, the immunized animals developed only mild myocarditis. Second, TCRs specific to Myhc-α 334–352 in transgenic mice were expressed in both CD4 and CD8 T cells, suggesting that the expression of epitope-specific TCR is common to both cell types. Third, although T cells from naïve transgenic mice did not respond to Myhc-α 334–352, both CD4 and CD8 T cells from animals immunized with Myhc-α 334–352 responded to the peptide, indicating that antigen priming is necessary to break tolerance. Fourth, although the transgenic T cells could produce significant amounts of interferon-γ and interleukin-17, the immunized animals developed only mild disease, indicating that other soluble factors might be necessary for developing severe myocarditis. Alternatively, the C57BL/6 genetic background might be a major contributing factor for resistance to the development of myocarditis. Taken together, our model permits the determination of the roles of both CD4 and CD8 T cells to understand the disease-resistance mechanisms of myocarditis in a single transgenic system antigen-specifically.