bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A miniaturized narrowband bandpass filter with wide stopband using open‐loop resonator
Authors: Feng Li‐Ying , Zheng Hong‐Xing
Published: June 2011

To obtain a very good performance of filter in wireless system, a miniaturized microstrip narrowband bandpass filter (BPF) is investigated based on an open‐loop resonator analysis. The newly designed BPF has been given with two advantages: one is of a compact size and the other is of a large ratio of the first spurious resonant frequency to the fundamental frequency. Then empirical designing equations of this structure have been discussed. The 3‐dB fractional bandwidth and selectivity of the filter can be selected flexibly by using those equations. Finally, a fabricated filter is applied to validating the proposed method. Experimental results are in very good agreement with simulations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26206
Leaky wave radiation phenomena in metamaterial transmission line based on complementary split ring resonators
Authors: Eggermont S. , Huynen I.
Published: June 2011

This article discusses radiation phenomena in a metamaterial leaky wave antenna working around 3 GHz and enabling a frequency beam steering simultaneously in the plane of the substrate and in its normal plane.The structure is based on a metamaterial transmission line periodically loaded by series capacitive gaps and complementary split ring resonators. Full‐wave simulations and measurements of radiation pattern show a minimum in the broadside direction, creating a rotating beam splitting in the plane of the substrate. This phenomenon is successfully correlated to a particular current pattern observed on the microstrip conductors of the structure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26208
Multiresonance small square slot antenna for ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Ojaroudi M. , Faramarzi A.
Published: June 2011

A novel multiresonance slot antenna, for ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications is proposed.The proposed antenna consists of a modified radiating patch a ground plane with four L‐shaped slots which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 135% (2.89–14.53 GHz). By cutting four modified L‐shaped slot with variable dimensions on the corners of ground plane, additional resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the middle band unlike other antennas reported in the literature to date, the proposed antenna displays a good omnidirectional radiation pattern even at higher frequencies. The designed antenna has a small size of 35 × 35 mm2. Simulated and experimental results obtained for this antenna show that it exhibits good radiation behavior within the UWB frequency range. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26214
Compact microstrip bandpass filters using dual‐mode stub‐loaded resonators and capacitive/inductive source‐load coupling
Authors: Torabi Amir , Forooraghi Keyvan , Manoochehri Omid , Abbasiniazare Seyyedpayam
Published: June 2011

In this article, compact microstrip bandpass filters using dual‐mode stub‐loaded resonators and capacitive/inductive source‐load coupling are presented to realize opposite asymmetric quasi‐elliptic responses. Two transmission zeros are generated in each design to sharpen the cutoff slope at the two sides of the passband. Both the coupling matrix and the equivalent circuit approaches are adopted to investigate the operating mechanism of the proposed filters. Restrictions imposed on the individual coupling coefficients by the implementation of this type of filters are discussed in detail. The proposed bandpass filters are designed at the center frequency of 2.4 GHz with the bandwidth of 200 MHz. The simulated and measured results are presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26215
New and accurate synthesis formulas for asymmetric coplanar waveguides
Authors: Kaya S. , Guney K.
Published: June 2011

In this letter, new and accurate synthesis formulas to compute the physical dimensions of asymmetric coplanar waveguide (ACPW) are presented. The synthesis formulas are obtained with the use of differential evolution algorithm (DEA), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The synthesis formulas are useful to microwave engineers for accurately calculating the physical dimensions of ACPWs. The results of the synthesis formulas are compared with the quasi‐static analysis, a full‐wave electromagnetic simulator IE3D, and experimental results obtained in this work. The average percentage errors of the synthesis formulas found by using DEA, GA, PSO, and SA algorithm are calculated to be 0.56, 0.62, 0.87, and 0.88%, respectively, for 2079 ACPW samples having different electrical parameters and physical dimensions, as compared with the results of respective quasi‐static analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26224
A simple printed dipole antenna with dual‐band behavior
Authors: Ooi Pei Cheng , Selvan Krishnasamy T.
Published: June 2011

This paper reports a simple printed dipole antenna which exhibits dual‐band operations.The antenna's radiation pattern is bidirectional in the x–y plane and close‐to‐omnidirectional in the x–z plane. The 10 dB impedance bandwidths achieved are 38.6% and 4.7% centered at 1.1 and 2.3 GHz, respectively. The impedance and radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna, as studied by both simulation and experiment, are satisfactory. The antenna's performance compares well with that of a recently proposed dipole antenna with fractal shape. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26226
Incidence of childhood leukemia in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 1998–2009
Authors: Supriyadi Eddy , Widjajanto Pudjo H. , Purwanto Ignatius , Cloos Jacqueline , Veerman Anjo J.P. , Sutaryo Sutaryo
Published: June 2011

Background

In most developing countries, incidence data for childhood cancers are less reliable, because very few population‐based registries exist. The aim of this study was to present the epidemiology of childhood leukemia in the Dr. Sardjito Hospital (DSH) region, which catchment area extends beyond the boundaries of the Yogyakarta Special Province (YSP).

Procedure

Health records of children, 0–14 years of age, who were diagnosed with leukemia between January 1998 and December 2009, were reviewed. Diagnosis of leukemia was confirmed by morphological and histochemical examination of marrow samples.

Results

The estimated average annual incidence rate (AAIR) of childhood acute leukemia in DSH was 46.2 per million per year. Interestingly, the annual incidence rate (AIR) of childhood acute leukemia from the catchment area of DSH significantly increased from 35 in 1999 to 70 in 2009 (ANOVA, P = 0.003). The YSP population data, analyzed separately, showed an increase in AIR from 15.7 to 32.9 (ANOVA, P = 0.325) and an AAIR of 28.8. Remarkably, a relatively high frequency (25.5% in DSH and 27.7% in YSP) of children with AML was found in the group of acute leukemias.

Conclusion

The DSH incidence calculations may be overestimated due to an underestimation of the population number. Since the population count for YSP is more precise, the data of YSP were used for comparison with developed countries. AAIR of ALL (20.8) is relatively low compared to Western countries (22.4–37.9). The AAIR of AML (8.0) is similar to Western countries (5.0–8.0) resulting a relatively high percentage of AML versus ALL (27.7%) in YSP. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 588–593. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A phase II study of amifostine in children with myelodysplastic syndrome: A report from the Children's Oncology Group study (AAML0121)
Authors: Mathew Prasad , Gerbing Robert , Alonzo Todd A. , Wallas Tanya , Gong Jerald Z. , Jasty Rama , Jorstad Dean T. , Raimondi Susana C. , Chavez Cathy M. , Eisenberg Nancy L. , Hirsch Betsy , Gamis Alan , Smith Franklin O. , Arceci Robert J.
Published: June 2011

Based on its potential role in adult myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), the Children's Oncology Group (COG) embarked on a phase II study using amifostine in pediatric MDS (WHO 2001 criteria) patients. Responses were evaluated after two cycles. Ten patients were enrolled; five were deemed ineligible, and four withdrew after the first course. Only one patient completed two courses, and was found to be in complete remission. The study was closed after being open for 2 years due to slow accrual. Studying a rare disease like MDS may pose insurmountable obstacles even in a large clinical trials group such as COG, in part because of the changing definitions of MDS and the rarity of adult type MDS in children. The role of amifostine in pediatric MDS was not known at the time of study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1230–1232. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TSAR, a new graph–theoretical approach to computational modeling of protein side‐chain flexibility: Modeling of ionization properties of proteins
Authors: Stroganov Oleg V. , Novikov Fedor N. , Zeifman Alexey A. , Stroylov Viktor S. , Chilov Ghermes G.
Published: June 2011

A new graph–theoretical approach called thermodynamic sampling of amino acid residues (TSAR) has been elaborated to explicitly account for the protein side chain flexibility in modeling conformation‐dependent protein properties. In TSAR, a protein is viewed as a graph whose nodes correspond to structurally independent groups and whose edges connect the interacting groups. Each node has its set of states describing conformation and ionization of the group, and each edge is assigned an array of pairwise interaction potentials between the adjacent groups. By treating the obtained graph as a belief‐network—a well‐established mathematical abstraction—the partition function of each node is found. In the current work we used TSAR to calculate partition functions of the ionized forms of protein residues. A simplified version of a semi‐empirical molecular mechanical scoring function, borrowed from our Lead Finder docking software, was used for energy calculations. The accuracy of the resulting model was validated on a set of 486 experimentally determined pKa values of protein residues. The average correlation coefficient (R) between calculated and experimental pKa values was 0.80, ranging from 0.95 (for Tyr) to 0.61 (for Lys). It appeared that the hydrogen bond interactions and the exhaustiveness of side chain sampling made the most significant contribution to the accuracy of pKa calculations. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fate and transport of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in surface waters of agricultural basins
Authors: Coupe Richard H , Kalkhoff Stephen J , Capel Paul D , Gregoire Caroline
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND: Glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is a herbicide used widely throughout the world in the production of many crops and is heavily used on soybeans, corn and cotton. Glyphosate is used in almost all agricultural areas of the United States, and the agricultural use of glyphosate has increased from less than 10 000 Mg in 1992 to more than 80 000 Mg in 2007. The greatest intensity of glyphosate use is in the midwestern United States, where applications are predominantly to genetically modified corn and soybeans. In spite of the increase in usage across the United States, the characterization of the transport of glyphosate and its degradate aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on a watershed scale is lacking.

RESULTS: Glyphosate and AMPA were frequently detected in the surface waters of four agricultural basins. The frequency and magnitude of detections varied across basins, and the load, as a percentage of use, ranged from 0.009 to 0.86% and could be related to three general characteristics: source strength, rainfall runoff and flow route.

CONCLUSIONS: Glyphosate use in a watershed results in some occurrence in surface water; however, the watersheds most at risk for the offsite transport of glyphosate are those with high application rates, rainfall that results in overland runoff and a flow route that does not include transport through the soil. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Organic co‐decomposition method for the synthesis of Mn and Co doped ZnO submicrometer crystals: Photoluminescence and magnetic properties
Authors: Wang H. B. , Wang H. , Wang X. N. , Zhang J. , Wu S. , Duan J. X. , Jiang Y.
Published: June 2011

We report on the optical and magnetic characteristics of the Co and Mn doped ZnO submicrometer crystals (SMCs) synthesised by organic thermal decomposition method. The doped ZnO SMCs are hexagon cone in shape with size ranging from 100 to 400 nm. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that the Mn2+ and Co2+ are doped into the ZnO lattice with concentration of 5.4 and 4.85%, respectively. Optical absorption spectra of the doped SMCs display additional peaks associated with d–d crystal‐field transitions due to the presence of tetrahedral Co2+ or Mn2+ ions. Photoluminescence of the samples shows suppressed band‐gap emission, indicating that the Mn or Co ions in the ZnO lattice increase the non‐irradiative recombination processes. Magnetic property measurements reveal that the Mn:ZnO SMCs are paramagnetic while the Co:ZnO exhibit weak ferromagnetism at 300 K.
In‐Situ Study of the Microstructure Development in a CrMnNi TRIP Steel During Plastic Deformation
Authors: Borisova Daria , Klemm Volker , Schreiber Gerhard , Rafaja David
Published: June 2011

The microstructure development in CrMnNi TRIP steel during the onset of the plastic deformation was investigated with the aid of in‐situ X‐ray diffraction experiments. The analysis of the shift and broadening of the X‐ray diffraction lines allowed the elastic and the plastic components of the lattice deformation to be separated from each other. This separation made possible to follow the formation of the microstructure features like stacking faults, deformation bands and local lattice rotations that were afterwards confirmed by X‐ray diffraction with high resolution, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
Complete Meiosis from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Eguizabal C. , Montserrat N. , Vassena R. , Barragan M. , Garreta E. , Garcia-Quevedo L. , Vidal F. , Giorgetti A. , Veiga A. , Belmonte J. C. Izpisua
Published: June 2011

Gamete failure-derived infertility affects millions of people worldwide; for many patients, gamete donation by unrelated donors is the only available treatment. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate in vitro into germ-like cells, but they are genetically unrelated to the patient. Using an in vitro protocol that aims at recapitulating development, we have achieved, for the first time, complete differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to postmeiotic cells. Unlike previous reports using human ESCs, postmeiotic cells arose without the over-expression of germline related transcription factors. Moreover, we consistently obtained haploid cells from hiPSCs of different origin (keratinocytes and cord blood), produced with a different number of transcription factors, and of both genetic sexes, suggesting the independence of our approach from the epigenetic memory of the reprogrammed somatic cells. Our work brings us closer to the production of personalized human gametes in vitro.
Optimal sensor placement for structural health monitoring based on multiple optimization strategies
Authors: Yi Ting‐Hua , Li Hong‐Nan , Gu Ming
Published: June 2011

Careful selection and placement of sensors are the critical issue in the construction and implementation of an effective structural health monitoring system. A hybrid method termed the optimal sensor placement strategy (OSPS) based on multiple optimization methods is proposed in this paper. The initial sensor placement is firstly obtained by the QR factorization. Then, using the minimization of the off‐diagonal elements in the modal assurance criterion matrix as a measure of the utility of a sensor configuration, the quantity of the sensors is determined by the forward and backward sequential sensor placement algorithm together. Finally, the locations of the sensor are determined by the dual‐structure coding‐based generalized genetic algorithm (GGA). Taking the scientific calculation software matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) as a platform, an OSPS toolbox, which is working as a black box, is developed based on the command‐line compiling and graphical user interface‐aided graphical interface design. The characteristic and operation method of the toolbox are introduced in detail, and the scheme selection of the OSP is carried out on the world's tallest TV tower (Guangzhou New TV Tower) based on the developed toolbox. The results indicate that the proposed method is effective and the software package has a friendly interface, plenty of functions, good expansibility and is easy to operate, which can be easily applied in practical engineering. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification and properties of phenolic acid decarboxylase from Candida guilliermondii
Authors: Huang Hui-Kai , Tokashiki Masamichi , Maeno Sayaka , Onaga Shoko , Taira Toki , Ito Susumu
Published: June 2011

A heat-labile phenolic acid decarboxylase from Candida guilliermondii (an anamorph of Pichia guilliermondii) was purified to homogeneity by simple successive column chromatography within 3 days. The molecular mass was 20 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 36 kDa by gel-filtration chromatography, suggesting that the purified enzyme is a homodimer. The optimal pH and temperature were approximately 6.0 and 25°C. Characteristically, more than 50% of the optimal activity was observed at 0°C, suggesting that this enzyme is cold-adapted. The enzyme converted p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid to corresponding products with high specific activities of approximately 600, 530, and 46 U/mg, respectively. The activity was stimulated by Mg2+ ions, whereas it was completely inhibited by Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, 4-chloromericuribenzoate, N-bromosuccinimide, and diethyl pyrocarbonate. The enzyme was inducible and expressed inside the cells moderately by ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid and significantly by non-metabolizable 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid.
Fatty Acid Status Determination by Cheek Cell Sampling Combined with Methanol‐Based Ultrasound Extraction of Glycerophospholipids
Authors: Klingler Mario , Demmelmair Hans , Koletzko Berthold , Glaser Claudia
Published: June 2011

Tissue and blood fatty acid compositions are used as biological markers of fatty acid intakes to improve dietary assessments. These approaches are invasive and not well accepted, particularly in infants and young children. We developed a sensitive method for the analysis of fatty acids in cheek cell glycerophospholipids, which includes significant improvements of cell sampling, non‐chromatographic isolation of glycerophospholipids and base‐catalyzed synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters. Sphingophospholipids are not detected by this method. This enables a highly accurate determination of cheek cell glycerophospholipid fatty acids, even if cell numbers are limited. Coefficients of variation for fatty acids contributing more than 0.3% to total glycerophospholipid fatty acids are below 10% in samples with more than 105 cells. Good correlations were shown between docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid percentages in cheek cell and plasma glycerophospholipids (r = 0.83 and 0.64, respectively; P < 0.001) with a linear relationship over the whole concentration range observed in adult study participants (n = 29). Cheek cell sampling is non‐invasive and can easily be applied in infants. The accuracy and reliability of this new method is comparable to conventional invasive methods for the determination of the n‐3 fatty acid status in humans, and it is well applicable in interventional or epidemiological studies.
Analysis of Nonlinear Stress and Strain in Clay under the Undrained Condition
Authors: Hsieh P.-G. , Ou C.-Y.
Published: June 2011

Though the total stress undrained analysis approach in geotechnical engineering is widely utilized by practicing engineers, it has some intrinsic imperfections that cause the obtained parameters to have unavoidable empirical correlations. In this study, an undrained soft clay model is developed, which overcomes the imperfections of the conventional total stress undrained approach. In addition, the high soil stiffness at small strain and the concept of yield surface are employed to realistically simulate actual soil behavior. The model parameters can be obtainable directly from conventional laboratory tests. The model is validated through different laboratory stress path tests and strength tests in this paper.
Acoustic Scattering and Radiation Force Function Experienced by Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Jamali J. , Naei M.H. , Honarvar F. , Rajabi M.
Published: June 2011

A body insonified by a sound field is known to experience a steady force that is called the acoustic radiation force. In this paper, the method of wave function expansion is adopted to study the scattering and the radiation force function caused by a plane normal harmonic acoustic wave incident upon an arbitrarily thick-walled functionally graded cylindrical shell submerged in and filled with compressible ideal fluids. A laminate approximate model and the so-called state space formulation in conjunction with the classical transfer matrix (T-matrix) approach are employed to present an analytical solution based on the two-dimensional exact equations of elasticity. Two typical models, representing the elastic properties of FGM interlayer, are considered. In both models, the mechanical properties of the graded shell are assumed to vary smoothly and continuously with the change of volume concentrations of the constituting materials across the thickness of the shell. In the first model, the simple rule of mixture governs. In the second, an elegant self-consistent micromechanical model which assumes an interconnected skeletal microstructure in the graded region is employed. Particular attention is paid on dynamical response of these models in a wide range of frequency and for different shell wall-thicknesses. In continue, by focusing on the second model, the normalized radiation force function and the form function amplitude are calculated and compared for different shell wall thicknesses and various profile of variations. Limiting cases are considered and good agreements with the solutions available in the literature are obtained.
Evaluation of Crack Occurrence Probability of T-Shape Welded Structures
Authors: Hsu Y. , Wu W.-F. , Kuo H.-T.
Published: June 2011

Welded structures are vulnerable to fracture due to cracks, especially at the welds. To investigate the safety of T-Shape welded structures used in some construction sites, a method is proposed in this paper to evaluate the crack occurrence probabilities of the structures. Three major factors that affect the crack occurrence are taken into consideration. They are residual stress, diffusible hydrogen content and chemical composition of the weld metal. In the analysis, finite element analysis is performed to find the residual stress distribution of the structures. The uncertainties of diffusible hydrogen content and chemical composition are treated as random variables. The critical cooling time is found and utilized for evaluating the crack occurrence probability of the welded structure. Numerical results indicate that T-shape welded joints lead to higher residual stresses and higher crack occurrence probabilities in comparison with the traditional butt joints. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this kind of welded joints when they are used.
Effects of oligofructose on appetite profile, glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY3-36 concentrations and energy intake
Authors: Verhoef Sanne P. M. , Meyer Diederick , Westerterp Klaas R.
Published: June 2011

In rats, oligofructose has been shown to stimulate satiety hormone secretion, reduce energy intake and promote weight loss. The present study aimed to examine the effect of oligofructose supplementation on appetite profiles, satiety hormone concentrations and energy intake in human subjects. A total of thirty-one healthy subjects (ten men and twenty-one women) aged 28 (sem 3) years with a BMI of 24·8 (sem 0·3) kg/m2 were included in a randomised double-blind, cross-over study. The subjects received 10 g oligofructose, 16 g oligofructose or 16 g placebo (maltodextrin) daily for 13 d, with a 2-week washout period between treatments. Appetite profile, active glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY3-36 (PYY) concentrations and energy intake were assessed on days 0 and 13 of the treatment period. Time × treatment interaction revealed a trend of reduction in energy intake over days 0–13 by oligofructose (P = 0·068). Energy intake was significantly reduced (11 %) over time on day 13 compared with day 0 with 16 g/d oligofructose (2801 (sem 301) v. 3217 (sem 320) kJ, P < 0·05). Moreover, energy intake was significantly lower with 16 g/d oligofructose compared with 10 g/d oligofructose on day 13 (2801 (sem 301) v. 3177 (sem 276) kJ, P < 0·05). Area under the curve (AUC) for GLP-1 on day 13 was significantly higher with 16 g/d oligofructose compared with 10 g/d oligofructose (45 (sem 4) v. 41 (sem 3) pmol/l × h, P < 0·05). In the morning until lunch, AUC0–230 min for PYY on day 13 was significantly higher with 16 g/d oligofructose compared with 10 g/d oligofructose and placebo (409 (sem 35) v. 222 (sem 19) and 211 (sem 20) pg/ml × h, P < 0·01). In conclusion, 16 g/d and not 10 g/d oligofructose may be an effective dose to reduce energy intake, possibly supported by higher GLP-1 and PYY concentrations.
Importance of early nutritional screening in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Gavazzi Cecilia , Colatruglio Silvia , Sironi Alessandro , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , Miceli Rosalba
Published: June 2011

In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between nutritional status, disease stage and quality of life (QoL) in 100 patients recently diagnosed with gastric carcinoma. The patients' nutritional status was investigated with anthropometric, biochemical, inflammatory and functional variables; and we also evaluated the nutritional risk with the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002. Oncological staging was standard. QoL was evaluated using the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy questionnaire. The statistical correlation between nutritional risk score (NRS) and oncological characteristics or QoL was evaluated using both univariable and multivariable analyses. Weight loss and reduction of food intake were the most frequent pathological nutritional indicators, while biochemical, inflammatory and functional variables were in the normal range. According to NRS, thirty-six patients were malnourished or at risk for malnutrition. Patients with NRS ≥ 3 presented a significantly greater percentage of stage IV gastric cancer and pathological values of C-reactive protein, while no correlation was found with the site of tumour. NRS was negatively associated with QoL (P < 0·001) and this relation was independent from oncological and inflammatory variables as confirmed by multivariable analysis. In the present study, we found that in patients with gastric cancer malnutrition is frequent at diagnosis and this is likely due to reduction in food intake. Moreover, NRS is directly correlated with tumour stage and inversely correlated with QoL, which makes it a useful tool to identify patients in need of an early nutritional intervention during oncological treatments.
V Potters, Painters, And Clients
Authors: Sparkes Brian A.
Published: June 2011

Clay is a versatile material with remarkable properties and serves a multitude of purposes. The Greeks shaped and fired clay for statues and figurines, for architectural elements such as metopes and akroteria, for drain pipes, beehives, lamps, and so forth. The major output was pottery, produced in great numbers by different methods (wheelmade, handmade, moulded) and in various categories (coarse, plain, decorated). It was a basic commodity that had many functions – for cooking, drinking, libation, storage, transport, and as offerings to the gods and to the dead. Over the centuries, painted pottery played a large and practical, if unsung, part in the lives of Greeks; it has been estimated that the hundreds of thousands of pots and fragments that are now extant comprise less than one per cent of the pottery produced. Current research into Greek ceramics is strong, and conferences, both national and international, over the past generation, mostly centring on Attic pottery, show how essential the study of pottery is for all aspects of the classical world and how it furnishes wide avenues for investigation. The contents of the published proceedings of the conferences show the main trends. Work on the traditional elements such as techniques, shaping, and painting, and iconography – that is, the initial stages of production – still continues, but there is now much more interest in functions, markets, find-spots, customers, reception, and the like, with complex pie charts, histograms, maps, and statistics, – that is, enquiries into the pottery once it had left the workshop (see Figure 4). This chapter deals with the manufacture of the pots, the shapes fashioned, the painting, and the contexts of use, with a little about the business elements; it also looks at the subject of attribution. The final chapter is mainly concerned with the variety of images and scenes that the pots carry. The chapters cannot be exclusive nor all-encompassing; they can highlight only various aspects. The emphasis, as in the conference proceedings mentioned above, falls on Attic pottery of the Archaic and Classical centuries, because it afords the fullest evidence.
Replication in two independent population-based samples that childhood maltreatment and cannabis use synergistically impact on psychosis risk
Authors: Konings M. , Stefanis N. , Kuepper R. , de Graaf R. , Have M. ten , van Os J. , Bakoula C. , Henquet C.
Published: June 2011

Background

There may be biological plausibility to the notion that cannabis use and childhood trauma or maltreatment synergistically increase the risk for later development of psychotic symptoms. To replicate and further investigate this issue, prospective data from two independent population-based studies, the Greek National Perinatal Study (n=1636) and The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS) (n=4842), were analyzed.

Method

Two different data sets on cannabis use and childhood maltreatment were used. In a large Greek population-based cohort study, data on cannabis use at age 19 years and childhood maltreatment at 7 years were assessed. In addition, psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). In NEMESIS, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess psychotic symptoms at three different time points along with childhood maltreatment and lifetime cannabis use.

Results

A significant adjusted interaction between childhood maltreatment and later cannabis use was evident in both samples, indicating that the psychosis-inducing effects of cannabis were stronger in individuals exposed to earlier sexual or physical mistreatment [Greek National Perinatal Study: test for interactionF(2, 1627)=4.18,p=0.02; NEMESIS: test for interaction χ2(3)=8.08,p=0.04].

Conclusions

Cross-sensitivity between childhood maltreatment and cannabis use may exist in pathways that shape the risk for expression of positive psychotic symptoms.
Revolutionary versus Traditionalist Approaches to Kant: Some Aspects of the Debate
Authors: Baiasu Sorin , Grier Michelle
Published: June 2011

The interpretation of Kant's Critical philosophy as a version of traditional idealism has a long history. In spite of Kant's and his commentators’ various attempts to distinguish between traditional and transcendental idealism, his philosophy continues to be construed as committed (whether explicitly or implicitly and whether consistently or inconsistently) to various features usually associated with the traditional idealist project. As a result, most often, the accusation is that his Critical philosophy makes too strong metaphysical and epistemological claims.

In his The Revolutionary Kant, Graham Bird engages in a systematic and thorough evaluation of the traditionalist interpretation, as part of perhaps the most comprehensive and compelling defence of a revolutionary reading of Kant's thought. In the third part of this special issue, the exchanges between, on the one hand, Graham Bird and, on the other, Gary Banham, Gordon Brittan, Manfred Kuehn, Adrian Moore and Kenneth Westphal focus on specific aspects of Bird's interpretation of Kant's first Critique. More exactly, the emphasis is on specific aspects of Bird's interpretation of the Introduction, Analytic of Principles and Transcendental Dialectic of Kant's first Critique.

The second part of the special issue is devoted to discussions of particular topics in Bird's construal of the remaining significant parts of the first Critique, namely, of the Transcendental Aesthetic and the Analytic of Concepts. Written by Sorin Baiasu and Michelle Grier, these articles examine specific issues in these two remaining parts of the Critique, from the perspective of the debate between the traditionalist and revolutionary interpretation. The special issue begins with an Introduction by the guest co-editors. This provides a summary of the exchanges between Bird and his critics, with a particular focus on the debates stemming from the differences between traditional and revolutionary interpretations of Kant.
Role of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Density on Exercise‐Stimulated Lipid Oxidation
Authors: Galgani Jose E. , Johannsen Neil M. , Bajpeyi Sudip , Costford Sheila R. , Zhang Zhengyu , Gupta Alok K. , Ravussin Eric
Published: June 2011

Reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial density is proposed to lead to impaired muscle lipid oxidation and increased lipid accumulation in sedentary individuals. We assessed exercise‐stimulated lipid oxidation by imposing a prolonged moderate‐intensity exercise in men with variable skeletal muscle mitochondrial density as measured by citrate synthase (CS) activity. After a 2‐day isoenergetic high‐fat diet, lipid oxidation was measured before and during exercise (650 kcal at 50% VO2max) in 20 healthy men with either high (HI‐CS = 24 ± 1; mean ± s.e.) or low (LO‐CS = 17 ± 1 nmol/min/mg protein) muscle CS activity. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and immediately after exercise. Respiratory exchange data and blood samples were collected at rest and throughout the exercise. HI‐CS subjects had higher VO2max (50 ± 1 vs. 44 ± 2 ml/kg fat free mass/min; P = 0.01), lower fasting respiratory quotient (RQ) (0.81 ± 0.01 vs. 0.85 ± 0.01; P = 0.04) and higher ex vivo muscle palmitate oxidation (866 ± 168 vs. 482 ± 78 nmol/h/mg muscle; P = 0.05) compared to LO‐CS individuals. However, whole‐body exercise‐stimulated lipid oxidation (20 ± 2 g vs. 19 ± 1 g; P = 0.65) and plasma glucose, lactate, insulin, and catecholamine responses were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, in response to the same energy demand during a moderate prolonged exercise bout, reliance on lipid oxidation was similar in individuals with high and low skeletal muscle mitochondrial density. This data suggests that decreased muscle mitochondrial density may not necessarily impair reliance on lipid oxidation over the course of the day since it was normal under a high‐lipid oxidative demand condition. Twenty‐four‐hour lipid oxidation and its relationship with mitochondrial density need to be assessed.
Origins of dihydrogen binding to metal-inserted porphyrins: Electric polarization and Kubas interaction
Authors: Ryou Junga , Kim Gunn , Hong Suklyun
Published: June 2011

Using density functional theory calculations, we have investigated the interactions between hydrogen molecules and metalloporphyrins. A metal atom, such as Ca or Ti, is introduced for incorporation in the central N4 cavity. Within local density approximation (generalized gradient approximation), we find that the average binding energy of H2 to the Ca atom is about 0.25 (0.1) eV/H2 up to four H2 molecules, whereas that to the Ti atom is about 0.6 (0.3) eV per H2 up to two H2 molecules. Our analysis of orbital hybridization between the inserted metal atom and molecular hydrogen shows that H2 binds weakly to Ca-porphyrin through a weak electric polarization in dihydrogen, but is strongly hybridized with Ti-porphyrin through the Kubas interaction. The presence of d orbitals in Ti may explain the difference in the interaction types.
Effect of nonthermal electrons on the propagation characteristics and stability of two-dimensional nonlinear electrostatic coherent structures in relativistic electron positron ion plasmas
Authors: Masood W. , Rizvi H.
Published: June 2011

Two-dimensional propagation of nonlinear ion acoustic shock and solitary waves in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of nonthermal electrons, Boltzmannian positrons, and singly charged hot ions streaming with relativistic velocities are investigated. The system of fluid equations is reduced to Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Burgers and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equations in the limit of small amplitude perturbation. The dependence of the ion acoustic shock and solitary waves on various plasma parameters are explored in detail. Interestingly, it is observed that increasing the nonthermal electron population increases the wave dispersion which enervates the strength of the ion acoustic shock wave; however, the same effect leads to an enhancement of the soliton amplitude due to the absence of dissipation in the KP equation. The present investigation may be useful to understand the two-dimensional propagation characteristics of small but finite amplitude localized shock and solitary structures in planetary magnetospheres and auroral plasmas where nonthermal populations of electrons have been observed by several satellite missions.
Hydrodynamic screening near planar boundaries: Effects on semiflexible polymer dynamics
Authors: von Hansen Yann , Hinczewski Michael , Netz Roland R.
Published: June 2011

The influence of hydrodynamic screening near a surface on the dynamics of a single semiflexible polymer is studied by means of Brownian dynamics simulations and hydrodynamic mean field theory. The polymer motion is characterized in terms of the mean squared displacements of the end-monomers, the end-to-end vector, and the scalar end-to-end distance. In order to control hydrodynamic screening effects, the polymer is confined to a plane at a fixed separation from the wall. When gradually decreasing this separation, a crossover from Zimm-type towards Rouse (free-draining) polymer dynamics is induced. However, this crossover is rather slow and the free-draining limit is not completely reached—substantial deviations from Rouse-like dynamics are registered in both simulations and theory—even at distances of the polymer from the wall on the order of the monomer size. Remarkably, the effect of surface-induced screening of hydrodynamic interactions sensitively depends on the type of dynamic observable considered. For vectorial quantities such as the end-to-end vector, hydrodynamic interactions are important and therefore surface screening effects are sizeable. For a scalar quantity such as the end-to-end distance, on the other hand, hydrodynamic interactions are less important, but a pronounced dependence of dynamic scaling exponents on the persistence length to contour length ratio becomes noticeable. Our findings are discussed against the background of single-molecule experiments on f-actin [L. Le Goff et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 258101 (2002)]10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.258101.
A flexible apparatus for attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy of solids and surfaces
Authors: Magerl E. , Neppl S. , Cavalieri A. L. , Bothschafter E. M. , Stanislawski M. , Uphues Th. , Hofstetter M. , Kleineberg U. , Barth J. V. , Menzel D. , Krausz F. , Ernstorfer R. , Kienberger R. , Feulner P.
Published: June 2011

We describe an apparatus for attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy of solids and surfaces, which combines the generation of isolated attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) laser pulses by high harmonic generation in gases with time-resolved photoelectron detection and surface science techniques in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. This versatile setup provides isolated attosecond pulses with photon energies of up to 140 eV and few-cycle near infrared pulses for studying ultrafast electron dynamics in a large variety of surfaces and interfaces. The samples can be prepared and characterized on an atomic scale in a dedicated flexible surface science end station. The extensive possibilities offered by this apparatus are demonstrated by applying attosecond XUV pulses with a central photon energy of ∼125 eV in an attosecond streaking experiment of a xenon multilayer grown on a Re(0001) substrate.
High-resolution Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of the Coriolis coupled ground state and ν7 mode of ketenimine
Authors: Bane Michael K. , Robertson Evan G. , Thompson Christopher D. , Medcraft Chris , Appadoo Dominique R. T. , McNaughton Don
Published: June 2011

High resolution FTIR spectra of the short lived species ketenimine have been recorded in the regions 390–1300 cm−1 and 20–110 cm−1 using synchrotron radiation. Two thousand six hundred sixty transitions of the ν7 band centered at 693 cm−1 and 126 far-IR rotational transitions have been assigned. Rotational and centrifugal distortion parameters for the ν7 mode were determined and local Fermi and b-axis Coriolis interactions with 2ν12 are treated. A further refinement of the ground state, ν12 and ν8 parameters was also achieved, including the treatment of previously unrecognized ac-axis and ab-axis second order perturbations to the ground state.
Directional and low-divergence emission in a rounded half-moon shaped microcavity
Authors: Kim Myung-Woon , Park Kyu-Won , Yi Chang-Hwan , Kim Chil-Min
Published: June 2011

Emission characteristics of a rounded half-moon shaped InGaAsP semiconductor microcavity laser are studied. When excited by pulse current, the laser generates whispering gallery type modes (WGTMs) with equidistant mode spacing in two directions with a narrow divergence angle of 4°. It is confirmed from the mode spacing that the lasing modes are WGTMs. A numerical analysis by the boundary element method shows that the emission direction of resonances well coincides with the experimental result.
Atomistic insights into aqueous corrosion of copper
Authors: Jeon Byoungseon , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. , van Duin Adri C. T. , Ramanathan Shriram
Published: June 2011

Corrosion is a fundamental problem in electrochemistry and represents a mode of failure of technologically important materials. Understanding the basic mechanism of aqueous corrosion of metals such as Cu in presence of halide ions is hence essential. Using molecular dynamics simulations incorporating reactive force-field (ReaxFF), the interaction of copper substrates and chlorine under aqueous conditions has been investigated. These simulations incorporate effects of proton transfer in the aqueous media and are suitable for modeling the bond formation and bond breakage phenomenon that is associated with complex aqueous corrosion phenomena. Systematic investigation of the corrosion process has been carried out by simulating different chlorine concentration and solution states. The structural and morphological differences associated with metal dissolution in the presence of chloride ions are evaluated using dynamical correlation functions. The simulated atomic trajectories are used to analyze the charged states, molecular structure and ion density distribution which are utilized to understand the atomic scale mechanism of corrosion of copper substrates under aqueous conditions. Increased concentration of chlorine and higher ambient temperature were found to expedite the corrosion of copper. In order to study the effect of solution states on the corrosion resistance of Cu, partial fractions of proton or hydroxide in water were configured, and higher corrosion rate at partial fraction hydroxide environment was observed. When the Cl− concentration is low, oxygen or hydroxide ion adsorption onto Cu surface has been confirmed in partial fraction hydroxide environment. Our study provides new atomic scale insights into the early stages of aqueous corrosion of metals such as copper.
Compressional, temporal, and compositional behavior of H2-O2 compound formed by high pressure x-ray irradiation
Authors: Kung Andrew , Goncharov Alexander F. , Zha Chang sheng , Eng Peter , Mao Wendy L.
Published: June 2011

X-ray irradiation was found to convert H2O at pressures above 2 GPa into a novel molecular H2-O2 compound. We used optical Raman spectroscopy to explore the behavior of x-ray irradiated H2O samples as a function of pressure, time, and composition. The compound was found to be stable over a period of two years, as long as high pressure conditions (>2 GPa) were maintained. The Raman shifts for the H2 and O2 vibrons behaved differently from pure H2 and O2 as pressure was increased on the compound up to 70 GPa, indicating that it remains a distinct, molecular compound. Based on spectra taken from different locations in a single sample, it appears that multiple forms of the H2-O2 compound exist. The structure and composition of the starting material plays an important role in compound formation, as we found that hydrogen-filled ice clathrate C2 (H2)H2O did not undergo the same dissociation as observed in ice VII upon x-ray irradiation until pressure was increased to above 10 GPa.
Band structures of Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 from many-body methods
Authors: Botti Silvana , Kammerlander David , Marques Miguel A. L.
Published: June 2011

We calculate the band structures of kesterite and stannite Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4, using a state-of-the-art self-consistent GW approach. Our accurate quasiparticle states allow to discuss: the dependence of the gap on the anion displacement; the key-role of the nonlocality of the exchange-correlation potential to obtain good structural parameters; the reliability of less expensive hybrid functional and generalized gradient approximation+U approaches. In particular, we show that even if the band gap is correctly reproduced by hybrid functionals, the band-edge corrections are in disagreement with self-consistent GW results, which have decisive implications for the positioning of the defect levels in the band gap.
Study of ultrafast dynamics of 2-picoline by time-resolved photoelectron imaging
Authors: Abulimiti Bumaliya , Zhu Rongshu , Long Jinyou , Xu Yanqi , Liu Yuzhu , Ghazal Ahmed Yousif , Yang Minghui , Zhang Bing
Published: June 2011

The dynamics of electronically excited states in 2-picoline is studied using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. The internal conversion from the S2 state to the vibrationally excited S1 state is observed in real time. The secondarily populated high vibronic S1 state deactivates further to the S0 state. Photoelectron energy and angular distributions reveal the feature of ionization from the singlet 3p Rydberg states. In addition, variation of time-dependent anisotropy parameters indicates the rotational coherence of the molecule.