bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Focus: Cementing/Zonal Isolation
Authors: Carpenter Bob
Published: March 2016

Technology Focus

In 2015, more papers were devoted to well construction in shale plays than in any prior year. Those shale topics also covered a diverse range of subjects within the sphere of optimizing construction efficiency and performance. Our industry’s demonstrated ability to innovate and continually improve well-construction technology will be all the more valuable to all plays if low oil prices persist, but especially so for shale and other high-cost-per-barrel plays. With rig counts decreasing, smart, effective workovers of existing wells will be even more important to maintaining production levels. Some examples of effective construction and workover techniques are provided within the papers provided here. I hope you find them of interest.

In paper SPE 170789, I was surprised to see the level of production improvements achieved with the use of wireline stackable straddle systems. This was accomplished in an openhole gravel-packed completion without external casing packers or consolidation of the gravel pack, a significant simplification.

Paper SPE 171015 is a good example of the widespread, innovative efforts to improve cost efficiency in shale wells. Case histories demonstrate the successful use of biodegradable, temporary diverting agents, rather than cement squeezes or mechanical tools, to simplify and reduce the cost of fracturing and refracturing operations. With fewer new wells being drilled, refracturing may offer a viable option to slow the decline of existing shale wells.

The industry has been working to relate cement mechanical properties to success/failure with annular isolation in the actual well for approximately 20 years; however, there are still no American Petroleum Institute standardized cement-testing and -evaluation protocols for cement mechanical properties, and there is much room for improvement. The investigative paper SPE 168650 relates how anelastic-strain and impact-resistance testing may enhance real-world predictive abilities. JPT

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 169514 Effect of Well Downspacing on Estimated Ultimate Recovery for Shale Oil Formations by Susrut Gautam Bharali, University of Houston, et al.

SPE/IADC 170480 Challenges of Casing Design in Geothermal Wells by Angelito Torres, Chevron

SPE 170712 Cement Evaluation—A Risky Business by Glen Benge, Baker Hughes
Neuroma traumático em nervo alveolar inferior: relato de caso
Authors: Lima e Silva Henrique Celestino , Moreno Roberto , Miranda Sérgio Luís de
Published: March 2016

O termo neuroma traumático é usado para descrever a formação de uma massa que se desenvolve nas extremidades dos cotos nervosos, após corte parcial ou completo do nervo. A lesão representa uma resposta exagerada, por uma hiperplasia reativa como resultado de tentativas de regeneração, caracterizada por hiperplasia de células de Schwann. O neuroma traumático já foi descrito com outras origens, como danos nervosos causados por pressão, lesão por esmagamento, lacerações, alongamento, sangramento no tecido que circunda do nervo, infecção e isquemia.
Descritores: Neuroma; Hiperplasia; Células de Schwann.
The Influence of Post Bleaching Treatments in Stain Absorption and Microhardness
Authors: Moosavi Horieh , Darvishzadeh Fatemeh
Published: March 2016

Objectives:

This study investigated the effects of post bleaching treatments to prevent restaining and the change of enamel surface microhardness after dental bleachingin vitro.

Methods:

Sixty intact human incisor teeth were stained in tea solution and randomly assigned into four groups (n=15). Then samples were bleached for two weeks (8 hours daily) by 15% carbamide peroxide. Tooth color was determined both with a spectrophotometer and visually before bleaching (T1) and immediately after bleaching (T2). Next, it was applied in group 1 fluoride (Naf 2%) gel for 2 minutes, and in group 2 a fractional CO2laser (10 mJ, 200 Hz, 10 s), and in group 3, nanohydroxyapatite gel for 2 minutes. The bleached teeth in group 4 remained untreated (control group). Then teeth placed in tea solution again. Color examinations were repeated after various post bleaching treatments (T3) and restaining with tea (T4) and color change values recorded. The microhardness was measured at the enamel surface of samples. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and Dunnett T3 (α = 0.05).

Results:

Directly after bleaching (ΔET3-T2), the treatment with nanohydroxyapatite showed significantly the least color lapse in colorimetric evaluation. In experimental groups, the color change between T3 and T4 stages (ΔET4-T3) was significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05). Different methods of enamel treatment caused a significant increase in surface microhardness compared to control group (P < 0.05).

Significance:

Application of fluoride, fractional CO2laser and nanohydroxyapatite as post bleaching treatments are suggested for prevention of stain absorption and increasing the hardening of bleached enamel.
The β-casein-resveratrol complex: Physicochemical characteristics and implications for enhanced nutrition
Authors: Cheng Hao , Yanfang Li , Yin Xundi , Subirade Muriel , Liang Li
Published: March 2016

Food proteins have been widely used as carrier materials for the
encapsulation and protection of bioactive molecules. Clarification the
mechanism of protein-bioactive molecule interaction is important for the
development protein-based carrier systems. Interaction of b-casein with
resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, was studied using ultraviolet-visible
absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that the interaction
shifted the protein fluorophores to a more hydrophilic environment but the
polyphenol to a more hydrophobic environment. Formation of the complex with
b-casein did not affect trans-cis isomerization of resveratrol or the total
antioxidant activity of the protein-polyphenol system, as analyzed
respectively using spectrophotometry and
2,2-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid assay. The protective
effect of resveratrol against the photodecomposition of folic acid was not
affected by binding to b-casein. The data obtained should provide insight
into protein-polyphenol interaction mechanisms and aid the development of
b-casein-based carrier systems for the delivery of bioactive molecules.
Correlation between demographic characteristics, cognitive functioning and functional independence in stroke patients
Authors: Arsic Sladjana , Konstantinovic Ljubica , Eminovic Fadilj , Pavlovic Dragan
Published: March 2016

Introduction. It has been assumed that there is causality of the achieved
level of functional independence with the degree of preservation of cognitive
function in stroke patients. Demographic characteristics may be important for
monitoring the achieved level of functional independence. Objective. The aim
of this study was to examine the relationship of demographic characteristics
and functional independence in regard to the level of cognitive impairment in
stroke patients. Methods. The study included 50 stroke patients after
rehabilitation, as well as age- and gender-matched 50 subjects selected
randomly, according to the demographic characteristics of the studied sample,
who in their medical history had no neurological disorders. For the
assessment of functional independence, the Functional Independence Measure
(FIM) test was used. The general cognition was estimated by the Mini-Mental
State Examination (MMSE) test. The statistical analyses included the
Mann-Whitney test, for two independent samples, measures of canonical
correlation, and ?2 test. Results. There was a statistically significant
difference between the groups in relation to risk factors, hypertension and
diabetes mellitus type II (p<0.001); There was a statistically significant
difference within the groups in relation to the cognitive impairment in all
the examined demographic characteristics (p<0.001); the differences within
the groups in relation to the cognitive impairment are present on all
subscales of the FIM test (p<0.05); the differences within the groups in
relation to handedness, hemiparesis, show that mild cognitive impairment is
more common among left hemiparesis, while a more severe one is more common
among right-sided hemiparesis (p<0.05); More severe cognitive impairment is
common among women, the elderly and in persons with lower education (p<0.05).
Conclusion. By prevention of risk factors, and prevention of possible
cognitive impairment, consequences of stroke can be reduced, the recovery can
be made more successful, and quality of life can be improved.
Effects of miniplate anchored and conventional Forsus Fatigue Resistant Devices in the treatment of Class II malocclusion
Authors: Turkkahraman Hakan , Eliacik Sule Kocabas , Findik Yavuz
Published: March 2016

Objective:

To compare the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue effects of the miniplate anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) and the conventional Forsus FRD in the treatment of Class II malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:

The study was carried out with 30 patients (10 girls, 20 boys). In the MA-Forsus group, 15 patients (2 girls, 13 boys) were treated with a miniplate anchored Forsus FRD for 9.40 ± 2.25 months. In the C-Forsus group, 15 patients (8 girls, 7 boys) were treated with a conventional Forsus FRD for 9.46 ± 0.81 months. A total of 16 measurements were calculated and statistically analyzed to find intragroup and intergroup differences.

Results:

Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in IMPA, SN/Occ, SN/GoGn, overjet, overbite, and Li-S measurements (P < .05). In the C-Forsus group, a substantial amount of lower incisor protrusion was observed, whereas retrusion was found in the MA-Forsus group (P < .001). The mandible rotated backward in the MA-Forsus group, whereas it remained unchanged in the C-Forsus group (P < .05). Reductions in overjet (P < .001) and overbite were greater in the C-Forsus group (P < .05).

Conclusion:

Stimulation of mandibular growth and inhibition of maxillary growth were achieved in both treatment groups. In the C-Forsus group, a substantial amount of lower incisor protrusion was observed, whereas retrusion of lower incisors was found in the MA-Forsus group. The MA-Forsus group was found to be more advantageous as it had no dentoalveolar side effects on mandibular dentition.
Urinalysis in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera)
Authors: Doss Grayson A. , Mans Christoph , Houseright Ruth A. , Webb Julie L.
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate urine variables in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera).

DESIGN Evaluation study.

SAMPLE Urine samples from 41 chinchillas.

PROCEDURES Voided urine samples were collected from clinically normal chinchillas that were exhibited during a breeder exposition. Urinalysis was performed within 1 hour after collection. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured before and after centrifugation with a handheld veterinary refractometer. Urine dipstick analysis and microscopic sedimentation examination were performed on all samples. Additionally, a urine sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) precipitation test and quantitative protein analysis were performed on samples with sufficient volume.

RESULTS 17 of 41 (41%) samples had a USG ≥ 1.050, and USG ranged from 1.014 to > 1.060. The USG before centrifugation did not differ significantly from that after centrifugation. Protein was detected in all urine samples on dipstick analysis. The SSA precipitation test yielded negative results for all samples tested. Results of the quantitative protein analyses were not correlated with the results of the dipstick analyses or SSA tests. The recorded pH for all samples was 8.5, which was the upper limit of detection for the reagent strip. Glucose and ketones were detected in 5 and 6 samples, respectively. Crystals were observed in 28 of 41 (68%) samples; 27 of those samples contained amorphous crystals.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Urinalysis results for clinically normal chinchillas were provided. For chinchilla urine samples, measurement of USG by refractometry prior to centrifugation is acceptable and protein concentration should be determined by quantitative protein analysis rather than dipstick analysis or the SSA test.
Determination of the Chemical Compositions of Clay Deposits from Some Part of South West Nigeria for Industrial Applications
Authors: Inegbenebor A.I. , Inegbenebor A.O. , Mordi R.C. , Kalada N. , Falomo A. , Sanyaolu P.
Published: March 2016

Clay is one of the major raw materials in ceramics, paint and paper industries. In this paper, a report is given on the chemical composition of clay deposits in Ilaro and Ikorodu, South West Nigeria and their suitability as raw materials in the above mentioned industries is suggested by comparison of their composition with industry standards. The clay samples were activated with H2SO4 and their moisture content was determined. The mineral content of the clays was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy, which showed significant presence of Si, Al, Fe, and Ti. The morphology of the clays was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM/EDX) in combination with X-ray analysis. The investigation revealed the agglomeration of the particles of quartz and rutile on the surface structure of the activated clays. The results obtained from their observed properties and chemical compositions indicate that these clays are suitable for use in the ceramics, paint and paper industries. This proposition is supported by reduction in moisture contents of the activated clay samples from both Ilaro and Ikorodu.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 21-26
Research at an undergraduate level - An insight into its importance
Authors: Ram Pradhum , Sethi Akshay , Madadin Mohammed , Menezes Ritesh G
Published: March 2016

In the world of evidence-based medicine, the need for research cannot be overstated. While the helm of such research if being conducted by trained scientists in secluded labs, one often forgets that these scientists were students too at one point in time. If their interest was not honed then, we might still be fighting polio today. Thus with this editorial we hope to usher more students into research at the undergraduate level.
Effect of cutting environment and heat treatment on the surface roughness of drilled Al/SiC MMC
Authors: Kilickap Erol
Published: March 2016

In the last decades, the use of metal matrix composites (MMCs) has increased enormously in many engineering applications such as aerospace, automotive, marine and railway. Such materials are known as difficult to machine materials due to the presence of very hard and abrasive reinforcements. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the cutting parameters, cutting environment and heat treatments on the surface roughness after drilling A 356/15 SiC MMCs. Experiments were conducted at different cutting speeds, feed rates, heat treatments (as-received, solution annealed and aged) and cutting environments (MQL, compressed air and dry). Improved surface roughness values were obtained with increased cutting speeds and decreased feed rates. The surface roughness using the MQL technique was lower than the surface roughness obtained for the other cutting environment. The optimal machining parameter combination has been obtained and the cutting conditions in terms of the cutting speed of 15 m × min−1, the feed rate of 0.1 mm × rev−1 and the cutting environment MQL represent applicable solutions for the annealed materials.
Physicochemical Properties of Defatted Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) Seed Flour after Alkaline Treatment
Authors: Eiamwat Jirawat , Wanlapa Sorada , Kampruengdet Sukit
Published: March 2016

Rambutan seeds were subjected to SC-CO2 extraction at 35 MPa, 45 °C to obtain defatted rambutan seed flour. Its physicochemical properties before and after treatment with alakali solution using 0.075 N NaOH were investigated. Alkali-treated flour had a significant increment in bulk density, swelling power, water adsorption capacity, emulsion capacity and stability but a reduction in turbidity, solubility and oil absorption capacity. Pasting measurements showed peak viscosity, breakdown, setback and final viscosity increased significantly for the alkali-treated flour, while pasting temperature decreased. The alkaline treatment decreased the least gelation concentration, but increased the apparent viscosity.
On the High Sensitivity of the Electronic States of 1 nm Gold Particles to Pretreatments and Modifiers
Authors: Martynyuk Oxana , Kotolevich Yulia , Vélez Rodrigo , Cabrera Ortega Jesus , Tiznado Hugo , Zepeda Partida Trino , Mota-Morales Josué , Pestryakov Alexey , Bogdanchikova Nina
Published: March 2016

In this paper, the effect of modifiers and pretreatments on the electronic states of 1 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) supported on silica was systematically studied. AuNPs deposited on silica (particle size of 2–4 nm) modified with Ce, La and Fe oxides, were studied by FTIR of adsorbed CO after different redox treatments at 100, 300 and 500 °C. This study was conducted at room temperature to allow detecting the electronic states of gold, which is more likely involved in CO oxidation at the same temperature. AuNP size distribution was measured by HRTEM. It is shown that the electronic state of gold species (Aunδ−, Au0, Aunδ+, Au+) in 1 nm AuNPs is sensitive to the modifier as well as to the temperatures of redox pretreatments. Supports modified with the same additives but containing larger AuNPs (~3, 4, 5, and 7 nm) were also studied. They showed that Au0 remains stable irrespective of additives and redox pretreatments, indicating no significant effect of such treatments on the electronic properties of larger AuNPs. Samples with a predominant AuNP size of 2 nm are an intermediate case between these two groups of materials.
Creating molecular macrocycles for anion recognition
Authors: Flood Amar H
Published: March 2016

The creation and functionality of new classes of macrocycles that are shape persistent and can bind anions is described. The genesis of triazolophane macrocycles emerges out of activity surrounding 1,2,3-triazoles made using click chemistry; and the same triazoles are responsible for anion capture. Mistakes made and lessons learnt in anion recognition provide deeper understanding that, together with theory, now provides for computer-aided receptor design. The lessons are acted upon in the creation of two new macrocycles. First, cyanostars are larger and like to capture large anions. Second is tricarb, which also favors large anions but shows a propensity to self-assemble in an orderly and stable manner, laying a foundation for future designs of hierarchical nanostructures.
CD64 index on neutrophils can diagnose sepsis and predict 30-day survival in subjects after ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Muzlovic Igor , Ihan Alojz , Stubljar David
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Sepsis associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) causes mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The time of diagnosis is crucial, and microbiological cultures take time. In this study, the diagnostic accuracy of CD64 index to predict VAP-induced sepsis and survival time in subjects requiring mechanical ventilation were evaluated and compared to conventional biomarkers and culturing methods. Methodology: A total of 32 subjects with VAP were included. Sepsis after VAP was diagnosed in 25 (78.1%) patients according to clinical signs, radiographic examination, and samples of blood and trachea taken for culturing. Simultaneously with cultures, CD64 index on neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and count of leucocytes and neutrophils were determined. Results: Biomarker values were evaluated in both groups of subjects (with and without sepsis after VAP). The values of CD64 index and CRP were significantly higher in the sepsis group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed an area under curve (AUC) of 0.929 for CD64 index in differentiating subjects with VAP-induced sepsis from those without sepsis. The biomarkers CRP and PCT showed comparable results (AUC of 0.869 and 0.909, respectively). Blood cultures were positive in 12 subjects, endotracheal aspirate in 19. CD64 index and isolation of pathogen with positive blood cultures or from endotracheal aspirate (positive in 24 cases) could predict survival time before application of more targeted antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: CD64 index may be used as a useful diagnostic tool to recognize VAP-induced sepsis; moreover, accompanied with an identified pathogen, can predict survival for ICU patients.
Asymptomatic falciparum malaria and genetic polymorphisms of Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr1 N86Y among almajirai in northeast Nigeria
Authors: Balogun Sulayman Tunde , Sandabe Umar Kyari , Bdliya Dauda N. , Adedeji Waheed A. , Okon Kenneth O. , Fehintola Fatai A
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Malaria remains a public health challenge, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where asymptomatic malaria is not uncommon. In the present study, the prevalence of asymptomatic falciparum malaria was investigated in almajirai, and the genetic polymorphisms of chloroquine (CQ) resistance biomarkers were assessed. Methodology: A total of 440 apparently healthy almajirai between 3 and 12 years of age were randomly enrolled in Maiduguri, northeast Nigeria, between July and December 2010. Parasitemia and gametocytemia were assessed by light microscopy, and polymorphisms of Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr1 N86Y were detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 8.3 ± 4.5 years, with subjects ≤ 5 years accounting for 10.7% (47/440) of the population. Prevalence of asymptomatic falciparum parasitemia and gametocytemia were 12.7% (56/440) and 8.6% (38/440), respectively. Geometric mean parasite density (GMPD) was 240 (160–630) parasites/µL, while geometric mean gametocyte density (GMGD) was 53 (24–96) gametocytes/µL. The GMPD was higher among subjects ≤ 5 years of age (p = 0.027). Pfcrt 76T was detected in 5.4% (3/56) of the isolates, and no isolates harbored Pfmdr1 86Y mutant. Conclusions: The study reveals asymptomatic falciparum malaria in almajirai and low levels of Pfcrt 76T and Pfmdr1 86Y alleles. These findings could hinder malaria control measures, and hence almajirai should be incorporated into malaria control programs.
Analyzing Countries for Their Luxury Potentials
Authors: Dirsehan Taşkın
Published: March 2016

This study attempts to fill in the gaps in the international marketing literature about international marketing entry decisions for luxury products. With this in mind, a macromarketing approach is used to segment countries according to the basic luxury consumption criteria based on the literature review. These criteria include population, GDP, GINI coefficient, total female labor force, and cultural dimensions. These indicators are listed for a total of 60 countries and multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) is conducted to see whether some countries form groups. Finally, five groups are determined and are discussed for their luxury potentials.
Developing a community-based knowledge system: a case study using Sri Lankan agriculture
Authors: Walisadeera Anusha Indika , Ginige Athula , Wikramanayake Gihan Nilendra
Published: March 2016

The Agriculture sector plays a vital role in Sri Lanka’s economy. Not having an agricultural knowledge repository that can be easily accessed by people in agriculture community in Sri Lanka within their own context, is a major problem. As a solution, a large user centred ontology for Sri Lankan farmers was developed to provide required information/knowledge not only in a structured and complete way, but also in a context-specific manner. Since this problem is not only limited to farmers, we extend this for every one working in the agriculture domain. We validate the ontology in terms of accuracy and quality. The online knowledge base based on the ontology with a SPARQL endpoint was created to share and reuse the domain knowledge that can be queried based on user context. A Mobile based application and a Web based application were developed to provide information/knowledge by using this ontology. These applications are also used to evaluate the ontology by getting the feedbacks from users to the knowledge in the ontology. It is very difficult to maintain a large complex ontology. To maintain our ontology, we identified various processes that are required to develop and maintain ontology as a collaborative process. A semi-automatic end-to-end ontology management system was developed to manage the developed ontology and the knowledge base. It provides the facilities to reuse, share, modify, extendand prune the ontology components as required. The facilities to capture users’ information needs and search domain information in user context are also included. In this paper, we present a summary of the overall development process of the ontology including the end-to-end ontology management system.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Bacteremia without Endocarditis: Rapid Identification from Positive Blood Culture by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Principe Luigi , Bracco Silvia , Mauri Carola , Tonolo Silvia , Pini Beatrice , Luzzaro Francesco
Published: March 2016

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive bacillus that is infrequently responsible for infections in humans. Three forms have been classified: a localized cutaneous form (erysipeloid) caused by traumatic penetration of E. rhusiopathiae, a generalized cutaneous form and a septicemic form. The latter type of disease has been previously associated with a high incidence of endocarditis. Here we report a case of E. rhusiopathiae bacteremia in a 74- year-old man, probably started from an erysipeloid form, in which endocarditis did not develop. This case presents some particular and uncommon features: i) no correlation with animal source; ii) correlation between bacteremia and erysipeloid lesion; iii) absence of endocarditis. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry allowed to obtain a rapid identification (within 4 hours from bottle positivity) of E. rhusiopathiae. Together with direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing, this approach could improve the rate of appropriate therapy for bloodstream infections due to this fastidious pathogen.
The energy expenditure of people with spinal cord injury whilst walking compared to an able-bodied population
Authors: Vosloo Jana , Ntsiea M. Veronica , Becker Piet
Published: March 2016

Background: In the field of spinal cord injury (SCI) research there is an emphasis on the ability to ambulate.Purpose: To determine the ambulation energy expenditure (EE) and factors that affect ambulation EE in SCI participants compared to able-bodied participants.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited from seven SCI rehabilitation units within the Johannesburg area. The following were used: demographic questionnaire to capture participants’ characteristics, modified Ashworth scale for spasticity; goniometer for range of movement (ROM); American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale for patient classification; accelerometer for EE and the six-minute walk test (6MWT) for endurance. Characteristics of the study participants were summarised using descriptive statistics. Data were analysed as follows: two-sample t-test for comparison between the able-bodied and SCI sample and Pearson product moment correlations for relationship between identified factors and EE.Results: Participants comprised 45 in the SCI group and 21 in the able-bodied group. The mean energy expenditure per metre (EE/m) for the SCI participants was 0.33 (± 0.29) calories compared to 0.08 (± 0.02) calories for the able-bodied participants. A decrease in walking velocity resulted in an increase in EE. For SCI participants, every decrease in degree of hip flexion ROM resulted in a 0.003 increase in EE/m walked. A unit decrease in velocity resulted in an increase of 0.41 in EE/m walked. Energy expenditure per metre decreased from ASIA A to ASIA D. Crutch walking utilised 0.34 calories per metre less energy than walking frames (p = 0.03).Conclusion: Based on this study’s findings, factors to consider in order to maximise energy efficiency whilst walking are maintaining hip flexion ROM and optimising velocity of walking.Keywords: Energy expenditure; Factors affecting energy expenditure; Range of motion; Walking Velocity
Основные аспекты векторнозначных банаховых пределов
Authors: Garcia-Pacheco Francisco Javier , Perez-Fernandez Francisco Javier
Published: March 2016

Текст разделен на четыре части. В первой части мы изучаем существование векторнозначных банаховых пределов и показываем, что вещественное банахово пространство с монотонным базисом Шаудера допускает векторнозначные банаховы пределы тогда и только тогда, когда оно 1-дополняемо в своем втором
сопряженном. Во второй части мы доказываем два векторнозначных варианта внутренней характеризации почти сходимости, принадлежащей Лоренцу. В третьей части мы показываем, что единичная сфера пространства всех непрерывных линейных операторов из $\ell_\infty(X)$ в $X$, инвариантных относительно
оператора сдвига на $\ell_\infty(X)$, не может быть получена композициями сюръективных линейных изометрий с векторнозначными банаховыми пределами. В заключительной части мы показываем, что если $X$ имеет свойство Крейна-Мильмана, то множество векторнозначных банаховых пределов является
гранью единичного шара пространства всех непрерывных линейных операторов из $\ell_\infty(X)$ в $X$, инвариантных относительно оператора сдвига на $\ell_\infty(X)$.
Библиография: 14 наименований.
О кратности собственных значений в задаче Штурма-Лиувилля на графах
Authors: Diab Adel T , Kaldybekova Bekzat Kuralbayevna , Penkin Oleg Mikhailovich
Published: March 2016

Даются оценки кратности собственных значений в задаче Штурма-Лиувилля
на графе, пригодные для широкого класса условий сопряжения
(трансмиссии) в вершинах графа. Кратности оцениваются через
топологические характеристики графа. В рамках использованных понятий
оценки являются точными.
Библиография: 6 названий.
Приближение средними Фурье и обобщенные модули гладкости
Authors: Runovskii Konstantin Vsevolodovich
Published: March 2016

В работе изучается качество приближения средними Фурье,
порожденными произвольным генератором с компактным
носителем, в пространствах $L_p$, $1\le p\le+\infty$,
$2\pi$-периодических интегрируемых в $p$-степени
функций и в пространстве $C$ непрерывных
$2\pi$-периодических функций в терминах
обобщенного модуля гладкости, построенного
при помощи некоторого $2\pi$-периодического
генератора. Найдены естественные достаточные
условия на генераторы метода приближения
и гладкости, обеспечивающие эквивалентность
соответствующих ошибки приближения и модуля.
В качестве приложений изучаются средние
Фурье, порожденные классическими ядрами,
а также классические модули гладкости.
Библиография: 12 названий.
О числе ребер в индуцированных подграфах специального дистанционного графа
Authors: Pushnyakov Philipp Anatolevich
Published: March 2016

В работе получены новые оценки числа ребер
в индуцированных подграфах специального дистанционного графа.
Библиография: 21 название.
Теорема Харди-Литтлвуда для кратных рядов Фурье с монотонными коэффициентами
Authors: Dyachenko Mikhail Ivanovich , Nursultanov Erlan Dautbekovich , Nursultanov Merei Erlanovich
Published: March 2016

Как было доказано ранее, для кратных рядов Фурье с коэффициентами,
монотонными по каждому индексу,
классическая теорема Харди-Литтлвуда неверна
при $p\leqslant 2m/(m+1)$, где $m$ - размерность пространства.
В статье устанавливается, каким образом следует
модифицировать теорему в этом случае.
Библиография: 12 названий.
Логарифм модуля голоморфной функции как миноранта для субгармонической функции
Authors: Khabibullin Bulat Nurmievich , Baiguskarov Timur Yulaevich
Published: March 2016

Для произвольной субгармонической функции,
не равной тождественно $-\infty$ в области $D$
комплексной плоскости $\mathbb C$,
доказано существование ненулевой голоморфной функции в $D$,
логарифм модуля которой мажорируется локальными усреднениями
субгармонической функции с некоторыми логарифмическими добавками
или даже без них в случае $D=\mathbb C$.
Библиография: 19 названий.
Об открытых дискретных отображениях с неограниченной характеристикой на римановых многообразиях
Authors: Ilyutko Denis Petrovich , Sevost'yanov Evgenii Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2016

Работа посвящена изучению вопросов, находящихся на стыке
теории пространственных квазиконформных отображений и теории
римановых поверхностей. Получены теоремы о локальном поведении
одного класса открытых дискретных отображений с неограниченной
характеристикой квазиконформности между произвольными римановыми
многообразиями. Для указанных отображений установлена также
возможность их продолжения в изолированные точки границы области.
В качестве приложений получены некоторые результаты о локальном
поведении классов Соболева и Орлича-Соболева.
Библиография: 52 названия.
SOBREVIVÊNCIA E CRESCIMENTO DE ESPÉCIES TROPICAIS MADEIREIRAS EM CONSÓRCIO COM ESPÉCIE PIONEIRA EM DIFERENTES PROPORÇÕES
Authors: Souza Caio Eduardo Melo de , Bôas Osmar Vilas , Durigan Giselda
Published: March 2016

O cultivo de espécies florestais nativas com fins comerciais em plantios monoespecíficos vem sendo estudado há algumas décadas no Brasil. A silvicultura por meio de plantios consorciados, porém, raramente tem sido objeto de estudo. Avaliou-se o desempenho de duas espécies nativas de interesse comercial: a aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva) e o angico vermelho (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil), em consorciação com uma espécie pioneira, o capixingui (Croton floribundus), para verificar a influência de diferentes proporções da espécie pioneira na sobrevivência e crescimento das espécies de interesse comercial. Testaram-se as hipóteses de que diferentes proporções no plantio consorciado resultam em diferenças no crescimento das espécies e que a resposta ao plantio consorciado é diferente entre as espécies-alvo. O presente estudo foi realizado em dois experimentos, um para cada espécie-alvo, instalados em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições de cada tratamento (25, 50, 75 e 85% da espécie pioneira), em Paraguaçu Paulista, SP. Quinze anos após o plantio, os sistemas consorciados apresentaram alguns padrões: 1) a mortalidade superior para a espécie pioneira em comparação com as espécies-alvo, 2) crescimento mais rápido das árvores das espécies-alvo quanto maior a proporção da espécie pioneira, 3) quanto maior a proporção de pioneiras, menor densidade final do sistema, resultando em menor competição e favorecendo o crescimento individual das espécies-alvo, e 4) não houve variação volumétrica por hectare das espécies-alvo que possa ser explicada pela proporção de pioneiras para nenhuma das duas espécies. Assim, embora a consorciação com espécies pioneiras favoreça o crescimento individual das espécies-alvo, não há nenhum efeito da consorciação no volume de madeira produzido por hectare
A seawater desalination scheme for global hydrological models
Authors: Hanasaki Naota , Yoshikawa Sayaka , Kakinuma Kaoru , Kanae Shinjiro
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Seawater desalination is a practical technology for providing fresh water to coastal arid regions. Indeed, the use of desalination is rapidly increasing due to growing water demand in these areas and decreases in production costs due to technological advances. In this study, we developed a model to estimate the areas where seawater desalination is likely to be used and the likely volume of production. The model was designed to be incorporated into modern global hydrological models (GHMs) that explicitly include human water usage. The model requires spatially detailed information on climate, income levels, and water use, which represent standard input/output data in modern GHMs. The model was applied to a specific historical period and showed fairly good reproduction of the present geographical distribution and national production of desalinated water in the world. The model was applied globally to two periods in the future (2011–2040 and 2041–2070) under three distinct socioeconomic conditions, i.e., SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways) 1, SSP2, and SSP3. The results indicate that the usage of seawater desalination will have expanded considerably in geographical extent, and that production will have increased by 1.4–2.2-fold in 2011–2040 compared to the present (from 3.7 km3 yr−1 in 2005 to 5.1–8.3 km3 yr−1), and 6.3–14.2-fold in 2041–2070 (23.4–52.7 km3 yr−1). The large spreads in these projections are primarily attributable to variations within the socioeconomic scenarios.
Summary of Work on Silver Production Data 1870-1900
Authors: Manning Patrick , Wang Qiyao
Published: March 2016

n/a
Métodos de pesquisa empregados na produção do conhecimento sobre administração em enfermagem
Authors: Meneses Abel Silva de , Sanna Maria Cristina
Published: March 2016

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar e descrever as características de métodos de pesquisa empregados na produção de dissertações e teses sobre Administração em Enfermagem. Trata-se de pesquisa documental de abordagem quantitativa, contemplando 596 resumos de produtos de pesquisa sobre Administração em Enfermagem, analisados segundo as variáveis método de pesquisa, distribuição temporal, titulação e temáticas. Do total de resumos analisados, 49,8% eram pesquisas quantitativas e 43,1% qualitativas. As pesquisas descritivas somaram 74,8%, as exploratórias 21,5% e as transversais 86,7%. Quanto ao procedimento de coleta de dados, 46,8% eram estudos de caso e 25,7% levantamentos. O pensamento positivista iluminou 49,0% das pesquisas e a fenomenologia 19,3%. Apenas 38,3% das pesquisas aprofundaram a análise com referencial teórico-filosófico. Conclui-se que o conhecimento sobre Administração em Enfermagem foi constituído predominantemente de estudos quantitativos, descritivos, transversais e de estudos de caso, iluminados pelo pensamento positivista e pouco aprofundado por referencial teórico-filosófico de análise.
EVOLUÇÃO DA MALÁRIA NO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO: SÉRIE HISTÓRICA DE 2009 A 2013
Authors: Da Silva Antonio Rafael , Nazareno Miranda Cavaleiro Nélson , da Graça Do Rosário Gonçalves Eloisa , Cavalcante Guimarães Milton
Published: March 2016

O estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a evolução da malária no estado do Maranhão no período de 2009 a 2013. Números absolutos de casos e incidência parasitária anual (IPA) das cinco regiões geográficas do estado, nas 19 Unidades Regionais de Saúde (URS) e nos 10 municípios com maior registro da doença, foram avaliados com base nos registros do Departamento de Endemias da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde. Foram notificados 16.847 casos no período do estudo. No ano de 2009, a Incidência Parasitária Anual era de 0,86/1.000 habitantes, já em 2013 este indicador chegou a 0,08/1.000 habitantes no estado, o que corresponde a um percentual de redução de 90,6%. Houve aumento moderado do número de casos na região norte no ano de 2011 e na região centro nos anos de 2010 e 2011. No ano de 2010, verificou-se aumento desses valores em sete unidades regionais de saúde; em 2011, em seis e, em 2012, em duas. No ano de 2013, houve maior registro de casos, em relação a 2012, na unidade regional de Codó. Entre os municípios que registraram a doença, destacam-se Centro Novo do Maranhão, Cândido Mendes, Alcântara, Amapá do Maranhão, Presidente Sarney e Guimarães, os quais apresentaram indicador de médio risco em diferentes momentos no período de estudo. Houve redução da incidência de casos, com a incidência parasitária anual menor que 10 casos /1.000 habitantes (baixo risco), no ano de 2013, em todas as áreas estudadas
IMPORTÂNCIA DO TESTE DE AVIDEZ IgG NA TOXOPLASMOSE CONGÊNITA
Authors: Cardoso Fonseca Zulmirene , Maria Xavier Rodrigues Isolina , Cruz e Melo Natália , Castro Ana Maria , Martins Avelino Mariza
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o valor preditivo do teste de avidez de IgG no diagnóstico precoce da toxoplasmose congênita (TC) no recém-nascido (RN). O grupo de estudo foi constituído por 68 pares de puérperas e seus RN, sendo 43 com toxoplasmose aguda durante a gravidez e 25 com IgM negativo para Toxoplasma gondii (grupo controle). As pacientes pariram os RN na Maternidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Foram avaliados os níveis séricos de IgM e IgG anti-T. gondii e avidez de IgG. Os RN do grupo de estudo foram divididos em RN com baixa avidez (BA) e RN com elevada avidez (EA). Foi verificada a concordância do teste de avidez dos RN e das puérperas. A infecção pelo T. gondii foi observada em 94,1% dos RN com BA e 42,3% dos RN com EA. Os níveis de IgG e de IgM dos RN com BA e de suas puérperas infectadas foram elevados e apresentaram diferença quando comparados com os RN com EA (p=0,0001) e os RN não infectados (p=0,0001) e suas respectivas puérperas. A sintomatologia da TC foi observada em 56% dos RN com BA e em 18% dos RN com EA. Nossos dados mostram que RN com BA apresentaram aumento de IgM e IgG e sintomas severos da TC. Assim, o teste de avidez poderia ser utilizado em conjunto com a detecção de IgM e IgG no diagnóstico precoce da TC no RN.
Steady tourists’ relationship with a mature destination
Authors: Correia Antónia , Serra Jaime , Artal-Tur Andrés
Published: March 2016

This article assesses how the last-visit features and the socio-demographic profile of tourists moderate repeat-visit patterns to Portugal, a mature destination where the persistence of loyal visitors has made its mark on tourism development. The methodology used is a survival analysis to assess the tourists’ repeat patterns. To test the model, a database of 4612 observations was employed, which was obtained from a survey of international tourists. Only repeat visitors with more than two visits over the years were considered for the purpose of the research. The study finds that a combination of socio-demographic characteristics, expectation/satisfaction, trip purpose, pull motivations and regional destination has a positive effect on repeat patterns, confirming that tourists’ willingness to repeat visits to Portugal is far from ceasing. Based on those tourists to Portugal who declared when they started to visit the country, and the number of years of their repeat visits, the article contributes to the literature by introducing new methods of assessing tourists’ repeat patterns for destinations.
Mobile Marketing: The Influence of Trust and Privacy Concerns on Consumers’ Purchase Intention
Authors: Gana Matthew Attahiru , Koce Henry Diko
Published: March 2016

The rapid proliferation of mobile phones along with the consumers’ acceptance and usage has created new mobile marketing opportunities to business industry. These new technologies and communication devices emerged as new ways of conducting business known as mobile marketing. Mobile marketing allows consumers to access products and services conveniently. It has become new information and an important channel on how consumers gather, and exchange information that has created a huge potential marketing opportunities for business organizations. This development also offered marketers opportunity to promote their services and attract customers’ anytime and anywhere irrespective of distance. The adoption and effective usage have been hindered by issues that bothered on consumers’ trust and privacy concerns. The study found that consumer privacy risk positively influences mobile electronic marketing negatively. The study also found that consumers’ trust and privacy risk will reduce the perception of risks on intention to use mobile marketing as mobile tools. It was further noted that lack of trust was found to be the major hindering factor on mobile marketing applications. To enhance consumers’ trust and privacy concerns about the use of mobile marketing devices, this study suggests that personalization of services will strengthen mobile marketing among consumers’. The paper is structured into three parts: introduction, literature, a conclusion which entails marketing implications and further suggestion.
The Stress-Strain State of the Drill String at the Section of the Borehole with a Cavern
Authors: Rachkevych Ruslan , Rachkevych Iryna
Published: March 2016

This study analyses the stress-strain state of a drill string at the section of the borehole with a cavern/chute. The study was conducted to obtain analytical dependencies to determine normal bending stress in the cross section of the drill string and its downforces to the walls of the well. This will allow to compare these values with the critical ones, and draw conclusions about the possibility and duration of the drill string operation under these conditions.

The study is based on modelling the drill string as a beam, which indicates longitudinal and transverse load and deforms in-plane.

The formulas obtained to determine stresses and pressing forces apply to the following cases of the relative position of the drill string in a straight borehole and a curved borehole with a cavern/chute: a – the drill string touches only the bottom of the borehole; b – the drill string touches only the bottom of the borehole and the bottom of the cavern/chute; c –  the drill string touches the top and the bottom of the borehole; d – the drill string touches the top and the bottom of the borehole and the cavern/chute.

The calculations based on the dependencies obtained lead to the following conclusions: a – the cavern/chute in the inclined straight borehole causes bending stress value in the cross section of drill pipes proportional to the fatigue margin of the material; b – the cavern/chute in the curved borehole may increase normal bending stress in the cross section of the borehole up to five times.
Study of Transfer Properties on Fresh Cement Pastes; Laboratory Experiments: Discontinue Measurements using a Permeameter
Authors: Claude Tchamba Jean , Gautier L. J. Bikoko Théodore
Published: March 2016

The study of hydraulic conductivity or permeability (k) of fresh cement pastes is a fundamental stage to understand the concrete placement in their formworks, and for the more extended study of the rheology of cementitious materials at fresh state. The results here are obtained on fresh cement pastes (PC) PC30, PC36 and PC40 with water- to- cement ratio (w/c) of 0.30, 0.36 and 0.40 respectively with a classical permeameter traditionally used in geotechnical for soil permeability measurements: the constant head permeameter. It has the advantage of allowing accurate measurements and staggered over time. The analysis of results obtained are in agreement with those obtained elsewhere in the literature.
Epitaxial Growth of Magnesia Films on Single Crystalline Magnesia Substrates by Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Komatsu Keiji , David Alonso Pineda Marulanda , Kobayashi Nozomi , Toda Ikumi , Ohshio Shigeo , Muramatsu Hiroyuki , Saitoh Hidetoshi
Published: March 2016

MgO films were epitaxially grown on single crystal MgO substrates by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Reciprocal lattice mappings and X-ray reflection pole figures were used to evaluate the crystal quality of the synthesized films and their epitaxial relation to their respective substrates. The X-ray diffraction profiles indicated that the substrates were oriented out-of-plane during MgO crystal growth. Subsequent pole figure measurements showed how all the MgO films retained the substrate in-plane orientations by expressing the same pole arrangements. The reciprocal lattice mappings indicated that the whisker film showed a relatively strong streak while the continuous film showed a weak one. Hence, highly crystalline epitaxial MgO thin films were synthesized on single crystal MgO substrates by atmospheric-pressure CVD.