bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fat taxation in India: A critical appraisal of need, public health impact, and challenges in nationwide implementation
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Ganesh Karthika , Sakthivel Manikandanesan
Published: February 2020

National Nutritional Monitoring Bureau survey (2017) has found that more than half of the adults in India were overweight and obese. To halt this rising epidemic, development of various policy measures has been suggested in National action plan for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases. One such measure is the introduction of fat tax which is a surcharge or tax placed on food and beverages containing high amounts of fat. Government of India has made various direct budgetary initiatives for boosting the sectors related to the production of items rich in fat, sugars and salt without realizing the potential public health consequences. Hence, increasing the taxes for unhealthy junk foods should encourage the people to take healthier food options which in turn lead to positive impact on health. However, fat taxationfaced several challenges during implementation in countries like Denmark, Hungary, France and United States. Major challenges were the taxation debate, setting tax limit and encroaching into the autonomy rights of people. Evidences have shown that taxation alone cannot bring down the burden of non-communicable diseases but should be combined with measures like subsidies and access to healthy food items, public health education campaigns and programmes.
Les leviers organisationnels et les choix des indicateurs de suivi pour concilier les dimensions sociales et entrepreneuriales dans un fablab : le cas du Digilab de Shawinigan au Québec
Authors: Fonrouge Cécile
Published: February 2020

Le terme fablab décrit un lieu physique qui permet la fabrication et l’expérimentation numérique. Que nous apprend le lancement du fablab hébergé dans le Centre d’entrepreneuriat de Shawinigan, en Mauricie (Québec)? Nous avons choisi d’examiner les leviers organisationnels et les indicateurs de suivi. Les principaux enseignements de ce cas portent sur la nécessité de situer ce que sera le fablab : son positionnement, les acteurs concernés, le type de gouvernance choisi et, enfin, le modèle de revenus une fois les subventions épuisées. De plus, des choix opérationnels délicats doivent être faits quant au degré d’ouverture, aux coûts d’accès, aux activités proposées et aux modalités de gestion des lieux. Enfin, des indicateurs de performance permettent un guidage fin et une adaptation du lieu. Ils ne se limitent pas aux traditionnels impacts économiques, mais doivent intégrer des dimensions de développement local, de satisfaction des participants, de qualité des processus et d’apprentissage.
Germination of Bromus auleticus after different treatments to release seed dormancy
Authors: Gonzalez Silvana , Condón Federico
Published: February 2020

Bromus auleticus is a cool season perennial C3 grass, recognised as a forage plant genetic resource and used for native grasslands restoration. It is native to the campos biome, found in southern Brazil, Uruguay and central Argentina. Its forage yield is comparable with tall
fescue. Seed dormancy is a problem to evaluate germination and for commercialisation of this species. Using four recently harvested seed lots of three different genotypes, we tested six different treatments to release dormancy: a control (mean germination 52%); 0.05 and 0.1% gibberellic acid;
KNO3; pre-chilling + KNO3; and pre-chilling (mean germination across seed lots and treatments, 87%). Pre-chilling + KNO3 and pre-chilling were the best treatments to break dormancy, with mean germination times (MGT) reduced to half (8.7 and 9.3 days-1)
that of the untreated control (19.2 days-1). The treatment with KNO3 alone did not yield uniform results across seed lots; when combined with pre-chilling, final germination did not increase but showed more consistent results. The use of 0.05% gibberellic acid was less
efficient than pre-chilling to reduce the MGT of 17.2 days-1, but it could be considered as an alternative treatment for seed lots in which the germination results are needed fast and has the additional advantages of avoiding exposing seeds to cold stress. Furthermore, if seeds
are contaminated with fungi, it reduces growth time and contamination effects.
Konseling Kelompok Menggunakan Shame Attacking Exercise terhadap Peningkatan Keberanian Mengungkapkan Pendapat
Authors: Prafitri Tyas Ayu , Sunawan Sunawan , Kurniawan Kusnarto
Published: February 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini membuktikan adakah pengaruh konseling kelompok dengan menggunakan shame attacking exercise terhadap peningkatan keberanian mengungkapkan pendapat siswa kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Taman Pemalang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian menggunakan pre-eksperimetal design. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII B dengan jumlah 7 orang. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah skala psikologi dan menggunakan analisis wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada perubahan keberanian mengungkapkan pendapat pada siswa, sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti konseling kelompok, berubah dari kategori sedang menjadi tinggi. Meskipun pada penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perubahan pada siswa, jika dilihat dari tiap indikatornya, terdapat aspek yang tingkat perubahannya rendah. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh konseling kelompok dengan menggunakan shame attacking exercise terhadap peningkatan keberanian mengungkapkan pendapat siswa kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Taman Pemalang. Sehingga untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat lebih ditingkatkan lagi untuk tiap indikatornya agar didapatkan hasil yang lebih maksimal.

 

The purpose of this study was to prove whether there was an influence of group counseling by using shame attacking exercise to increase the students’ courage in expressing opinion in class VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Taman Pemalang. The type of this research was experimental research with pre-experimental research design. The subject of this research was 7 students of class VIII B. The data collection instrument used were psychological scale and wilcoxon test analysis. The result of the research showed that there was a change of the students’ courage in expressing opinion in before and after the group counseling, changed from  moderate to high category. Although this research showed there was a change from the students, if it was seen from each its indicator, there was an aspect that had low changing level.  It can be concluded that there was an influence of group counseling by using shame attacking exercise to increase the students’ courage in expressing opinion in class VIII B SMP Negeri 5 Taman Pemalang. Thus, the next research can be improved so each its indicator can get more maximal result.
Penerapan Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Pendekatan Experiential Learning untuk Meningkatkan Self-Esteem
Authors: Puspita Diah Ayu , Mugiarso Heru , Mulawarman Mulawarman
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan fenomena disekolah yang dirujuk dari fenomena global yang terjadi berupa krisis menurunan self-esteem pada usia remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji keefektifan layanan bimbingan kelompok dengan pendekatan experiential learning untuk meningkatkan self-esteem siswa kelas VIII MTs Al Asror  Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode one group pretest-posttest design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 8 siswa. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan skala self-esteem dengan reliabilitas alpha cronbach (r=0,7;p<0,05). Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data deskriptif, self-esteem siswa sebelum diberikan layanan bimbingan kelompok dengan pendekatan experiential learning memiliki nilai rata-rata dalam kategori rendah (M=2,4,SD=0,1). Self-esteem siswa sesudah diberikan layanan bimbingan kelompok dengan pendekatan experiential learning memiliki nilai rata-rata dalam kategori tinggi (M=3,1,SD=0,1). Selain itu juga dilakukan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji wilcoxon (Z= 4,00, p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data deskriptif serta uji hipotesis maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan bimbingan kelompok dengan pendekatan experiential learning efektif untuk meningkatkan self-esteem siswa kelas VIII MTs Al Asror  Semarang.

 

This research was conducted based on school phenomenon that was referenced from global phenomenon that happened in the form of crisis of decreasing self-esteem in adolescent age. The purpose of this research is to test the effectiveness of group guidance service with experiential learning approach to improve self-esteem of class VIII student MTs Al Asror Semarang. This research uses one group pretest-posttest design method. Sampling technique using purposive sampling, with sample of research as many as 8 students. The data collection tool uses a self-esteem scale with alpha cronbach reliability (r = 0.7; p <0.05). Data analysis technique using descriptive data analysis, self-esteem before the students given group guidance service with experiential learning approach has the average value in the low category (M = 2.4, SD = 0.1). Student self-esteem after being given group counseling services with experiential learning approach has an average value in the high category (M = 3.1, SD = 0.1). Also tested hypothesis using wilcoxon test (Z = 4.00, p <0,05). Based on the results of descriptive data analysis and hypothesis testing it can be concluded that the guidance services group with experiential learning approach is effective to improve self-esteem students of class VIII MTs Al Asror Semarang.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Siswa Melalui Layanan Penguasaan Konten Teknik Homeroom
Authors: Lailani Terra , Wibowo Mungin Eddy
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini hendak mengetahui keefektifan layanan penguasaan konten teknik homeroom untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi siswa sekolah menengah pertama. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian pre-eksperimen one group pretest and posttest design kepada siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 22 Semarang dengan tingkat kemampuan komunikasi sedang. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif presentase dan uji beda (T-Test) menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi siswa menengah pertama (SMP) meningkat secara signifikan (t(35)= -9,721, p<0,05) melalui layanan penguasaan konten teknik homeroom. Dengan ditandai siswa lebih terbuka terhadap temannya, siswa memiliki empati, peka dengan situasi kelas, tidak memilih-milih teman, memberikan dukungan kepada teman-teman. Dengan demikian layanan penguasaan konten teknik homeroom efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi siswa menengah pertama.

 

This research is about to find out the effectiveness of the service content mastery techniques to improve communication capability homeroom students junior high school. This research use the pre-built design research experiments using one group pretest and posttest design. The subject of research is the grade VII A SMP Negeri Semarang 22 with the level of communication skills. The results of research using the descriptive analysis and test different percentage (T-Test) shows that the ability of communication first intermediate students (JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL) increased significantly (t (35) = 9.721 >, p 0.05) through the services content mastery techniques homeroom. With marked students more open to his friend, students have empathy, sensitive situation with class, not choosing their friends, provide support to friends. Thus the services content mastery techniques to improve effective homeroom communication junior high students.
Konseling Traumatik Dengan CBT: Pendekatan dalam Mereduksi Trauma Masyarakat Pasca Bencana Tsunami di Selat Sunda
Authors: Rimayati Elfi
Published: February 2020

Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara yang potensial bencana alam termasuk tsunami. Secara geografis indonesia berada di wilayah patahan gempa, dan banyak gunung berapi yang kondisinya masih aktif. secara historis sejak tahun 1968- 2006 telah terjadi 7 kali gempa yang diikuti tsunami.  Di penghujung tahun 2018, bencana tsunami terjadi Selat Sunda. Ada dua daerah yakni Banten dan Lampung yang menjadi korban tsunami. Dampak psikologis yang terjadi akibat tsunami adalah trauma. Permasalahan trauma di masyarakat seringkali menjadi disfungsi psikologis yang sangat mengganggu. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan upaya bantuan yang fokus pada penyelesaian masalah trauma. Konseling traumatik menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Konseling traumatik fokus pada mengembalikan kondisi trauma masyarakat ke kondisi psikologis yang sehat. Adapun Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) dipilih karena CBT merupakan teknik konseling yang menggabungkan terapi kognitif dan terapi prilaku. Terapi kognitif penting diberikan kepada korban, karena orang yang menjadi korban seringkali memiliki pemikiran yang tidak rasional, kehilangan harapan, serta sulit terhubung dengan dunia nyata. Oleh karena itu mereka mengalami gangguan perilaku seperti murung, sulit berkomunikasi secara sehat, prilaku pasif tidak mau bangkit dari keterpurukan dan sebagainya. Terapi behavioral menjadi bagian penting yang tak terpisahkan. Melalui konseling traumatic dengan CBT dapat mereduksi trauma masyarakat akibat tsunami di Selat Sunda.

Indonesia is one of the countries with potential natural disasters including tsunamis. Geographically Indonesia is in an earthquake fault area, and many volcanoes are in active condition. Historically since 1968- 2006 there have been 7 earthquakes followed by tsunamis. At the end of 2018, the tsunami disaster occurred in the Sunda Strait. There are two regions, Banten and Lampung, which were victims of the tsunami. The psychological impact of the tsunami is trauma. The problem of trauma in the community is often a very disturbing psychological dysfunction. Therefore, a real effort is needed to focus on solving trauma problems. Traumatic counseling is one alternative in helping to solve these problems. Traumatic counseling focuses on returning the community's trauma to a healthy psychological condition. The CBT was chosen because CBT is a counseling technique that combines cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. Cognitive therapy is important given to victims, because people who are victims often have irrational thoughts, lose hope, and are difficult to connect with the real world.Therefore they suffer from behavioral disorders such as moodiness, difficulty communicating in a healthy manner, passive behavior, and do not want to rise from adversity. Behavioral therapy is an important part that is inseparable. Through traumatic counseling with CBT can reduce community trauma due to the tsunami in the Sunda Strait.
Peran Regulasi Emosi Terhadap Prokrastinasi Akademik pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP
Authors: Pratama Giandra Ogy
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh regulasi emosi terhadap prokrastinasi akademik siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional dengan 139 sampel yang diperoleh menggunakan cluster random sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisi regresi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan PASS (Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students) dan ERQ (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire) dengan reliabilitas 0,725 dan 0,694. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh antara regulasi emosi dengan prokrastinasi akademik (R=0,18 F(4,580)=1,137, p<0,05) sebesar 3,2%. Secara khusus regulasi emosi dengan tipe reappraisal berkorelasi dengan prokrastinasi akademik siswa dengan koefisien (β= -0,180, p<0,05). Sementara regulasi emosi dengan tipe suppression tidak berkorelasi dengan prokarstinasi akademik siswa dengan koefisien (β= -0,067, p>0,05). Simpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa tingkat regulasi emosi secara keseluruhan dan prokrastinasi akademik berada pada kategori tinggi dan “ada hubungan antara regulasi emosi dan prokrastinasi akademik pada siswa”. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penurunan prokrastinasi akademik siswa dapat dilakukan dengan melatih keterampilan dalam mengendalikan emosi, dan memberikan layanan informasi kepada siswa tentang dampak prokrastinasi akademik.

 

 

This study aims to determine the effect of emotional regulation on student academic procrastination. This study is a correlational study with 139 samples obtained using cluster random sampling. Data analysis techniques use regression analysis. Data collection using PASS (Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students) and ERQ (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire) with reliability 0,725 and 0,694. The results showed that there was an influence between emotional regulation and academic procrastination (R = 0.18 F (4.580) = 1.137, p <0.05) of 3.2%. In particular, emotional regulation with reappraisal type correlated with student academic procrastination with coefficient (β = -0,180, p <0.05). While emotional regulation with suppression type is not correlated with student academic procarstination with coefficient (β = -0.067, p> 0,05). The conclusion of this study is that the level of overall emotional regulation and academic procrastination are in the high category and "there is a relationship between emotional regulation and academic procrastination in students". The suggestion of this research is that the decrease in student academic procrastination can be done by exercising skills in controlling emotions, and providing information services to students about the impact of academic procrastination.
Kemandirian Siswa dalam Merencanakan Karir Ditinjau dari Persepsi Siswa Tentang Pelaksanaan Layanan Bimbingan Karir
Authors: Rohmawati Novia
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi siswa tentang layanan bimbingan karir dengan kemandirian siswa dalam merencanakan karir. Jenis penelitian menggunakan desain korelasional dengan sampel 37 siswa yang diambil menggunakan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala kemandirian siswa dalam merencanakan karir dan skala persepsi siswa tentang layanan bimbingan karir yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemandirian siswa dalam merencanakan karir berkategori tinggi (M= 188,14) dan persepsi siswa tentang layanan bimbingan karir berkategori sangat tinggi (M=194,32). Koefisien korelasi memperoleh hasil (R=0,620) dalam kategori kuat/tinggi, kontribusi besarnya pengaruh persepsi siswa tentang layanan bimbingan karir dengan kemandirian siswa dalam merencanakan karir sebesar (R²=0,385), dan nilai signifikansi (p=0,000). Jadi, apabila persepsi siswa tentang layanan bimbingan karir baik/positif maka kemandirian siswa dalam merencanakan karir juga akan tinggi. Implikasi bagi guru bimbingan dan konseling perlu memberikan layanan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa untuk  membantu meningkatkan  kemandirian siswa dalam merencanakan karir

 

The study aims to discover the relationship between students’ perception about career guidance services  and students’ independency in planning career. This research used correlational design with 37 samples of students taken using Simple Random Sampling method. The data collection method uses the scale of students’ independency in career planning and students’ perception scale about career guidance services which analyzed using descriptive statistical and regression analysis method. The results show that students’ independency in planning career is high category (M= 188,14) and students’ perception about career guidance services is very high category (M=194,32). The correlation coefficient obtained results (R = 0.620) in the strong / high category, the contribution to the influence of students’ perception on the career guidance services with students’ independency in career planning is (R² = 0,385), and the significance value is (p = 0,000). Therefore, when the students' perceptions about career guidance services is good/positive then the independency of students in career planning will also be high. The Guidance and counseling teachers need to provide services that approppriate to the needs of students to improve students' independency in planning career.
Potret Perencanaan Karier Siswa Budaya Rejang di SMA Negeri 9 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Sulusyawati Heni , Sari Widya Kartika
Published: February 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potret perencanaan karier siswa budaya rejang di SMA Negeri 9 Kota Bengkulu.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu dalam konteks natural setting untuk lebih memahami fenomena apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian dengan memanfaatkan metode natural setting. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model spradley antara analisis domain, analisis taksonomi, analisis komponensial, dan analisis tema kultural. Kegiatan nalisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan langsung di lapangan bersamaan dengan pengumpulan data. Berdasarkan temuan dan hasil analisis data maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Siswa yang berlatar belakang budaya rejang sudah memiliki perencanaan karier yang cukup baik, hal ini ditunjukkan bahwa siswa sudah dapat memahami potensi diri, sudah dapat mengemukakan pengetahuan tentang dunia kerja, sudah dapat mengemukakan hal-hal terkait dengan pencocokkan potensi diri dengan jenis pekerjaan yang akan dipilih. Disisi lain masih ditemukan siswa yang belum dapat memahami potensi diri, belum dapat mengemukakan dengan baik pengetahuan tentang dunia kerja, serta masih terdapat siswa yang kurang dapat mencocokkan potensi yang dimiliki dengan jenis pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan bakat dan minat. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diimplikasikan dalam kegiatan layanan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah dan dapat diimplikasikan dalam mata kuliah Bimbingan Konseling Karier.

 

The purpose of this study was to find out the portrait of career planning for cultural students in the State High School 9 of Bengkulu City. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research. He approach used in this study is in the context of natural settings to better understand the phenomena experienced by research subjects by utilizing natural setting methods. The data analysis in this study uses a spradley model between domain nalysis, taxonomic analysis, componential analysis, and analysis of cultural themes. Data analysis can be concluded that: Students who have a cultural background have good career planning, it is shown that students can understand their potential, can express knowledge about the word of work, can express things related to matching their potential with the type the job to be chosen. On the other hand there are still students who have not been able to understand their potential, have not been able to express well the knowledge of the word of work, and there are still students who are less able to match their potential with the type of work that suits their talents and interests. The results of this study can be implicated in the activities of guidance and counseling services in schools and can be implicated in Career Counseling Guidance courses.
Suggested Solutions to Recidivism by Prison Officers in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Adegboyega Lateef Omotosho , Idowu Oluwasola Opeyemi , Idowu Adeyemi Ibukunoluwa
Published: February 2020

Recidivism is a growing problem in the world – in Nigeria and Kwara State inclusive. Therefore, this study investigated solutions to recidivism as perceived by prison officers in Kwara State. The contributions of moderating variables of gender, religion and years in service were also investigated. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised all the prison officers estimated at 615 in Kwara State. Multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to select 250 prison officers from all the five prison centers in Kwara State.  A questionnaire that was designed by the researchers served as the instrument for data collection. The validity and reliability of the instrument were duly established. The data were analysed using percentages, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that recidivism rate will be drastically reduced if prison rehabilitation programmes are being handled by professionally trained rehabilitation counsellor, if ex-convicts are assisted to utilize the entrepreneurial skills acquired in prison, and if there is a periodic evaluation of prison reformation and rehabilitation programme to ensure that the goals are being achieved. The findings further revealed significant differences in solutions to recidivism as perceived by Prison Officers in Kwara State based on religion and years in service but no significant difference was found based on gender. The findings imply that counsellors need to beam their searchlight into issues of crime, imprisonment and recidivism; counselors in-training need to be trained on strategies for rendering rehabilitation services to prison inmates.
Pengalaman Seks Pranikah : Studi Fenomenologis Pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Khotimah Fitriana Khusnul , Rakhmawati Dini , Widiharto Chr. Argo
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini didasari oleh adanya perubahan konsep seks normatif menuju konsep seks modern, yang menjadikan seks pranikah dikalangan mahasiswa di kota Semarang semakin marak. Mahasiswa yang telah melakukan hubungan seks pranikah memiliki pengalaman psikologis yang berbeda seperti perasaan bersalah, takut ditinggalkan pasangannya dan menganggap perilaku tersebut sudah biasa, perbedaan tersebut menjadi menarik untuk diketahui. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan Interpretative Penomenological Analysis (IPA). Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam terhadap 5 partisipan yang terdiri dari 2 pria dan 3 wanita. Pengalaman seks pranikah pertama mahasiswa dapat diidentifikasi ada 3 aspek yaitu aspek psikologis, aspek fisik, dan aspek moral. Pada aspek moral terdapat kesamaan pada partisipan laki-laki dan wanita yaitu muncul perasaan bersalah karena telah mengingkari kepercayaan orang tua, perasaan berdosa kepada Tuhan. Pada aspek psikologis, partisipan  pria merasa seks merupakan pencapaian prestasi, dan petualangan. Partisipan wanita menganggap seks adalah luapan emosional akan keinginan yang terpendam. Seks bagi partisipan laki-laki membuat badan menjadi lebih segar, orgasme, dan otot-otot menjadi rileks setelah berhubungan seks, sedangkan pada partisipan wanita muncul rasa sakit dibagian vagina.

 

This research is based on a change in the concept of normative sex to the concept of modern sex, which makes premarital sex among students in the city of Semarang more widespread. Students who have had premarital sex have different psychological experiences such as feelings of guilt, fear of being abandoned by their partners and consider such behaviors to be normal, these differences become interesting to know. The research method used is qualitative research with the Interpretative Penomenological Analysis (IPA) approach. Data collected in-depth interviews with 5 participants consisting of 2 men and 3 women. The first premarital sex experience of students can be identified as 3 aspects, namely psychological aspects, physical aspects, and moral aspects. In the moral aspect, there are similarities in male and female participants, which was a feeling of guilt because they have guilt the trust of parents, a feeling of sin in God. On the psychological aspect, male participants feel sex is an achievement and adventure. Female participants consider sex to be an emotional overflow of latent desires. Sex for male participants makes the body become fresher, orgasm, and relaxed, whereas female participants appear in the vaginal pain.
PERKAWINAN TUNGKU CU (CROSS-COUSIN MARRIAGE) DI MANGGARAI: ANTARA ADAT DAN AGAMA
Authors: Lon Yohanes S
Published: February 2020

Abstract:The Manggarai people in Flores have various types of marriage. One of them is “tungku cu” (cross-cousin) marriage. In this model of marriage, a daughter of a brother can marry a son of the sister. So the couple is the two biological cousins. This local tradition considered this marriage as an ideal type. It is believed to strengthen the kinship and to keep the family inheritance, properties and assets from transferring to other clans. But by the coming of religions to this region, especially Catholicism that has become the major religion entire the area, this marriage is called into question. The Catholic Church law strictly forbids this marriage for health reason and for its closeness on the social relations. The Catholic Church will not legalize such kind of marriage. The couples have to ask for dispensation to get the legality of marriage. The process may long and difficult to get the dispensation. This is a controversy. This article aims to explore the tungku cu (cross cousin) marriage in Manggarai. Using a field and literature approach, this study found that despite the controversy, many families still support the model of marriage. This lead them to difficulties in having legal rights of marriage both according to the Church and the state. However, after years, the Church will offer them dispensation by which the couple could have legal status of their marriage. Dispensation has functioned as a negortiation between local culture and religion.Keywords: Cross-cousin, Local Tradition, Marriage, Dispensation, Catholic Church, Manggarai Abstrak:Orang Manggarai mengenai aneka jenis perkawinan. Salah satunya adalah perkawinan tungku cu atau cross-cousin marriage. Dalam model perkawinan ini, anak perempuan dari saudara laki-laki dapat menikah dengan anak laki-laki dari saudari. Jadi yang menikah adalah dua sepupu kandung. Perkawinan ini dalam tradisi lokal dianggap ideal. Perkawinan ini memperkuat hubungan kekerabatan serta dipercaya dapat menjaga supaya harta tidak berpindah ke clan lain. Namun dengan datangnya agama-agama di wilayah ini,, khususnya agama Katolik sebagai agama mayoritas, perkawinan ini dipertanyakan. Hukum Gereja dengan tegas melarang perkawinan ini dengan alasan biologis yaitu dapat membayakan kesehatan bagi keturunan yang dilahirkan dan mempersempit relasi sosial. Olehnya Gereja tidak memberikan legalitas bagi pasangan tungku cu, kecuali dengan sebuah dispensasi yang tidak mudah didapatkan. Hal ini menjadi kontroversi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendalami perkawinan tungku cu pada masyarakat Manggarai ditinjau dari perspektif hukum perkawinan Gereja Katolik. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kepustakaan dan studi lapangan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa kendatipun kontroversial, masih banyak keluarga masih mendukung perkawinan model ini. Maka dispensasi mau tidak mau menjadi negosiasi dan jalan keluar untuk menyatukan agama dan adat lokal.Kata Kunci: Cross-cousin, adat, perkawinan, dispensasi, hukum Gereja Katolik, Manggarai
Survei Existing Perilaku Pedagang Pasar Tradisional Terhadap Praktik Bisnis Islam Di Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Mukri Syarifah Gustiawati , Arif Suyud , Aji Ahmad Mukri
Published: February 2020

AbstrakTransaksi jual beli harus berpedoman pada etika jual beli yang telah ditentukan dalam Islam. Jual beli dibenarkan jika tidak ada pihak yang merasa dirugikan. Fenomena saat ini, di sejumlah pasar tradisional masih terdapat pelaku pasar yang melakukan kebohongan dan kecurangan, dengan mengurangi timbangan, menyembunyikan cacat pada barang, sehingga dapat merugikan pihak lain, karena mayoritas pedagang berharap keuntungan yang besar dalam bisnisnya. Sehingga, terjadi penyimpangan etika bisnis terutama melalui pengurangan timbangan dari skala kecil bahkan besar. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilaksanakan di beberapa pasar tradisional di Kabupaten Bogor, untuk melihat dan mensurvei fakta di balik transaksi perdagangan. Permasalahan yang dianalisis terkait sejauh mana tingkat kejujuran pedagang dalam menjajaki barang dagangannya, sehingga tercipta pasar yang ramah, mensejahterakan serta membawa kemaslahatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian survei. Berdasarkan hasil survei di lapangan ditemukan hasil timbangan yang belum sesuai dengan yang sebenarnya, dan dapat menyebabkan kerugian dan kezaliman di pihak pelanggan maupun dipihak pedagang. Adapun hasil penelitian terkait pengaruh tingkat keagamaan terhadap etika bisnis pedagang, terlihat tidak terdapat pengaruh yang besar diantara keduanya. Terbukti dengan hasil analisa perhitungan t hitung  -0.295 lebih kecil dari t tabel 1,66. Maka dengan kriteria uji hipotesis peneliti, tidak diterima dengan prediksi  sebelumnya. lalu dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Ho diterima karena t hitung lebih kecil daripada t tabel dan H1 ditolak. Kesimpulan Hasil analisis SPSS model summary menunjukkan bahwa besarnya R Square adalah 0,652 atau 65.2%. Variabel etika bisnis dapat dijelaskan oleh keagamaan sebesar 65.2% dan 34.8% sisanya di pengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diamati.Keywords: Transaksi, Jual Beli, Etika Bisnis.
Formulation And Characterization of Carageenan Gels Encapsulating Amphotericin B And Lactobacillus acidophilus Against Candidal Vaginitis
Authors:   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, DAV, College, Sec-10, Chandigarh-160017, KAUR R , KHURANA M ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, DAV, College, Sec-10, Chandigarh-160017, BINDAL M ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, DAV, College, Sec-10, Chandigarh-160017, SHARMA A ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, DAV, College, Sec-10, Chandigarh-160017
Published: February 2020

The present study is concerned with the development and characterization of bioadhesive carageenan gel encapsulating Amphotericin B and Lactobacillus acidophillus, prepared by graft co-polymeriztion against Candidal vaginitis. Intravaginal gel systems based on bioadhesive polymer (carrageenan) were characterized with respect to swelling index, bioadhesive strength, percent encapsulation and in vitro drug release antimicrobial studies. A marked increase in swelling index of gel encapsulating Lactobacillus was found to be 1.9±0.35. The percent encapsulation of drug was found to be 98.63%±.0.2% and that of Lactobacillus was 91.81 ±0.01. The viability was observed for interval of 6 hrs on trypton soya agar and showed that viability was highly conserved till 4 hrs. The antimicrobial study of gels encapsulating Amphotericin B and Lactobacillus showed that carageenan gel can inhibit Candida albicans upto a maximum extent. Bioadhesivity study also conducted for gels that showed a bioadhesivity of 84.66% ±.0.5% with drug, 88.66% ±.02% with Lactobacillus. In-vitro drug release showed a sustained type release of drug from the polymer i.e. there was initial burst of Amphotericin B up to 5 hours, after which there was a sustained release upto 10 days. Thus it has been concluded from the present study that bioadhesive gels encapsulating Amphotericin B can act as promising drug carriers along with Lactobacillus against candidal vaginitis.
Urinary protein profile changes in diabetic rats and pre-diabetic rats fed with high-fat diets
Authors: Teh Ying-Hui , Sim Xuan-Yi , Lee Yan-Fen , Ahmad Waqas , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran , Ibrahim Baharudin , Ismail Mohd Nazri , Greimel Peter , Gam Lay-Harn
Published: February 2020

Background: Type 2 Diabetes is the most common form of diabetes mellitus, accounting for 90% of all types of diabetes. Diet is one of the important factors affecting the progression of the disease.

Methods: In this study, we used urinary protein profile to evaluate the progression of pre-diabetic to diabetic state. Urinary protein profile of pre-diabetic rats with various diet conditions and with or without metformin treatment were compared to those of healthy rats and diabetic rats.

Results: It was shown that there were distinct bands that could differentiate the healthy rats from the diabetic ones, namely the protein bands at MW 350 kDa, 280 kDa and 85 kDa (for healthy rats), and protein bands at MW 170 kDa, 51 kDa and 46 kDa (for diabetic rats). In addition, the differentially excreted proteins at MW 62 kDa and 25 kDa (between healthy and diabetic rats) could also be used as indicators. Using the unique band indicators, the pre-diabetic urinary profile was shown to be similar to that of healthy rats. However, by using the differential protein indicators, the band intensity of the 62 kDa, 25 kDa and 17 kDa bands of pre-diabetic rats, with normal diet and metformin treatment, was more similar to that of the healthy rats with normal diet. However, the profile of pre-diabetic rats with high fat diet (with or without metformin treatment) and of pre-diabetic rats (with normal diet without metformin treatment) were more similar to that of diabetic rats.

Conclusion: Using this protein profiling comparison method, it was demonstrated that early metformin treatment and controlled diet intake are important in delaying the progression of the pre-diabetic to diabetic state.
MODELING OF LADIES’ DRESSES IN DIFFERENT SILHOUETTES OF KNITTED FABRIC.
Authors: Peneva Tania
Published: February 2020

The present study presents a study and analysis of the properties of knitted fabrics and their influence in the process of modeling women's dresses in different silhouettes. We present model designs for the production of three models of ladies dresses from knitted cloth in different silhouettes. An analysis of „model оf modeling” approaches has been made. The relationship between basic structure, model and properties of the textile material has been studied. The aim of the present study is to enable the fabric material, construction and model to be taken into account at the earliest stage in designing ladies' dresses made of knitted fabric.
T-hullám-alternáns és pitvari tachycardia
Authors: Tomcsányi János , Arányi Péter
Published: February 2020

Absztrakt:

Akut légzési elégtelenség miatt felvett 70 éves férfi betegnél a felvételi EKG
pitvari tachycardiát és makro-T-hullám-alternánst mutatott, amely a
sinusrhythmus helyreállása után megszűnt. Az EKG-jelenséget sem QT-megnyúlás,
sem heveny ischaemia nem kísérte. Az eset arra hívja fel a figyelmet, hogy
makro-T-hullám-alternáns jelentkezhet pitvari tachycardia következtében is,
amely esetünkben akut respiratoricus insufficientia miatt lépett fel. Orv Hetil.
2020; 161(7): 275–277.
Rupturált óriás thoracoabdominalis aortaaneurysma sikeres kezelése két lépésben
Authors: Berczeli Márton , Oláh Zoltán , Szatai Lilla , Daróczi László , Sótonyi Péter
Published: February 2020

Absztrakt:

A thoracoabdominalis aortaaneurysmák kezelése az érsebészet egyik legnagyobb
kihívása. Sürgős esetekben ezen komplex aneurysmák endovascularis ellátásának
lehetőségei limitáltak. Az óriás méretű (10 cm-t meghaladó) thoracoabdominalis
aortaaneurysma rendkívül ritka jelenség, ellátása mindig betegspecifikus, egyedi
kezelést igényel. A tervezett kezelés alacsonyabb morbiditási aránnyal jár,
különösen a gerincvelő-sérülés tekintetében. Esetünkben egy 19,2 cm maximális
átmérőjű, Crawford V típusú thoracoabdominalis aortaaneurysma sikeres kezelését
mutatjuk be. A férfi beteget először akutan, nyitottan operáltuk tartott ruptura
miatt, majd később halasztott időpontban endovascularisan folytattuk ellátását.
A 64 éves férfi beteget mellkasi és hasi panaszok miatt vettük fel
intézetünkbe(1) stabil hemodinamikai paraméterekkel.
Kontrasztanyagos CT-angiográfiás vizsgálat igazolta a 19,2 cm legnagyobb
átmérőjű, többszörös thoracoabdominalis aortaaneurysmáját, kompressziós
jelekkel, haemothoraxszal és az alsó szakasz tartott rupturájával. Az anatómia,
az extrém méret, a kompressziós tünetek és a haemothorax miatt a nyitott műtéti
megoldást választottuk, és intraoperatívan döntöttünk végül a kétszakaszos
ellátás mellett. Első lépésben a rupturált szakasz ellátására egy aortoaorticus
Dacron interpositumot implantáltunk úgy, hogy a visceralis szakaszt egy ferde
’patch’ segítségével rekonsruáltuk, majd a második lépésben végeztük el a
mellkasi sztentgraft beültetését. Az egyéves kontrollon a beteg panaszmentes
volt, ’endoleak’ nem ábrázolódott. Az óriás aortaaneurysmák ritka klinikai
entitások, főleg a thoracoabdominalis régióban. A kompressziós tünetek, a
haemothorax és a jelentős anatómiai változások miatt az endovascularis
beavatkozás kivitelezhetősége erősen kérdéses. Ruptura esetén azonnali ellátásuk
jelenleg szinte csak nyitottan végezhető. A többlépcsős beavatkozás csökkentheti
a gerincvelő-károsodás veszélyét, ezért megfelelő anatómia esetén megfontolandó
ennek a ritka betegségnek a kezelésében. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(7): 269–274.
Use of Melatonin in the In Vitro Production of Bovine Embryos
Authors: LIRA Alan da Silva , CHAVES Ricardo de Macedo , MORAES JUNIOR Felipe de Jesus , COSTA JUNIOR Sergio Henrique , AMARAL Brenda Karine Lima do , TROVÃO Hallef Mithchel Pereira
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT We aimed to assess the effects of melatonin in the in vitro production of bovine embryos. Our experiment was conducted at the Laboratório de Reprodução Animal of the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. The cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were distributed among treatments at concentrations of 0, 10-1, 10-3 and 10-5 µMol/L melatonin. Our experiment was further divided into two: the first was to assess the effect of different concentrations of melatonin (treatments) on the maturation rate of COCs, and the second was to assess the effects of melatonin treatments on the in vitro production of bovine embryos. The results from the first experiment demonstrated no significant difference between the in vitro maturation rate of the cultivated COCs in treatments with melatonin. In the second experiment, however, melatonin treatments yielded statistically higher cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates in the 10-5 µM group (52.9%, 52.9%, and 35.3%, respectively), and lower rates in the 10-1 µM group (19.5%, 19.5% and 7.8%, respectively), compared to the others. The control group (no melatonin) and the 10-3 µM group showed similar results. We concluded that supplementation of melatonin in the in vitro maturation medium resulted in no improvement in the oocyte maturation rate, but in the in vitro production of embryos at different concentrations, the 10-5 µM group displayed better results, but with no improvement in the variables (P < 0.05).
MICRO-DILUCIÓN EN PLACA PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICROBIANA EN 50 uL v3
Authors: Alberto Téllez Ramírez Germán , Johanna Toro Lily , Franco Castrillon Juliana , Carolina Henao Diana , Carlos Castaño Osorio Jhon , De Inmunología Molecular GYMOL Universidad Del Quindio Grupo
Published: February 2020

Este método es basado en el método clásico de micro-dilución en placa de NCLSS (National Committee of Laboratory Safety and Standards (NCLSS) como fue publicado en Amsterdam, D. 1996. Susceptibility testing of Antimicrobials in liquid media.In'Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine', Lorian, V., ed. Fourth Edition, pp.52-111. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. Modificado conrespecto a la lectura de la placa utilizando unindicador metabólico para incrementar la sensibilidad de la prueba respecto al crecimiento de las bacterias. La realizacion de este protocolo fue posible gracias al apoyo del departamento administrativo de ciencia tecnología e innovacion, Colciencias a traves del proyecto 111356933173 convocatoria569-2012. Este protocolo fue estandarizado con el desarrollo del proyecto de grado "OPTIMIZACIÓN DE UN MÉTODO PARA EVALUAR LA ACTIVIDAD ANTIBACTERIANA IN VITRO EN MICROVOLÚMENES" de la estudiante Juliana Franco para optar por el titulo de Biologa.
Emma's Snickerdoodles v1
Authors: Slayton Emma
Published: February 2020

Emma's Snickerdoodles 1 cup packed brown sugar 2/3 cup white sugar 1 cup shortening or butter 2 eggs 1 1/2 teaspoons vanilla extract 2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon salt As much cinimon as you can handle (5 table spoons, or more) Pre-heat Oven at 350f Mix together sugars (1 cup packed brown sugar and 1/2 cup white sugar), shortining or butter, eggs, vanilla untill througly combined. Slowly add in flour, bakingsoda, salt, and cinimon to taste (2 table spoons). Once dough is mixed, roll cookies into 1 to 2 inch balls. Roll these balls in a mixture of remaining sugar and cinimon. Place on baking tray, carful to keep cookies far enough apart. Bake for 9 to 11 min, or until fully golden in color.
Isolation of cells from the epithelial layer of frozen human intestinal biopsies v1
Authors: HCA Oxford , Provine Nicholas , FitzPatrick Michael , Irwin Sophie
Published: February 2020

This protocol is for the isolation of the epithelial cells (and associated immune cells within the epithelial layer) from frozen human intestinal pinch biopsies, for use in single-cell sequencing or flow cytometry experiments. This protocol is adapted from Parikh, Antanaviciute, Fawkner-Corbett et al., (2019) Natuer (doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-0992-y). It has been modified specifically with the aim of increasing cell recovery from biopsies of the small intestine.
Applied GPU Computing in Computational Biology to Study Disparate Multicellularity Scenarios v1
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Avimanyu
Published: February 2020

A prethesis in partial fulfilment for a PhD in Bioinformatics at Heritage Institute of Technology under Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (formerly West Bengal Institute of Technology), Haringhata, West Bengal. PhD Candidate: Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Dipankar Chaudhuri, CB-611, Bioinformatics Lab, Dept. of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal. PhD Registration no.: PhD/Tech/BI004/2016
Conversational maxims in fiction translation: New insights into cooperation, characterization, and style
Authors: Abualadas Othman Ahmad
Published: February 2020

This paper analyses Grice’s maxims in two Arabic translations of Animal Farm to gain insight into the communicative principles underlying character-to-character, narrator-to-reader, and translator-to-reader interactions in fiction translation. Compared to the original, the translated character-level interactions show a more frequent use of maxim hedges, more awareness of or commitment to maxims, more informative responses, and more manifestations of interpersonal relationships, politeness and propositional attitudes. They also show a preference for observing rather than flouting maxims and hence for explicating rather than implicating a meaning. By contrast, there are fewer narrator-reader implicatures, a reduced persuasive power and hence a lesser reader engagement. The overall results point to a higher level of explicitness and informativeness that contributes to the conciseness and simplicity of the translational language and style. Compared to the original writer, translators provide more contextual knowledge and show more awareness of conversational maxims during the re-narration and mediation process.
Motivational teaching practices from EFL learners’ perspective at tertiary level in Yemen
Authors: Ahmed Waleed Mohammed A. , Al-Ward Ali Saleh
Published: February 2020

Motivation is an important factor for success in learning a foreign or second language. Creating such motivation among learners through adopting certain teaching practices is likely to stimulate learners to learn. Previous research has largely investigated motivational teaching practices from teachers’ perspective. However, little research has addressed motivational practices from learners’ perspective. In context such as Yemen, EFL teachers at the tertiary level encounter a challenging task in creating motivational practices for learners whose preferences for teaching practices should be the corner stone in the learning and teaching process. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether the teaching practices adopted by teachers are motivating from learners’ perspective. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire was distributed to 137 undergraduate students in level four at the English Department, within two faculties (i.e. Faculty of Education and Faculty of Languages) at Sana'a University. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS. The teaching practices which are likely to be motivating as perceived by learners were computed and compared. The findings revealed that teaching macro-practices vary in the degree of their motivation from most motivating (i.e. familiarize learners with L2 related values) to the least motivating (present tasks properly) as perceived by learners. The study also revealed that some teaching macro-practices appear to be transmitted to the Arab culture based on the learner-center approach.