bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four-year effectiveness, safety and drug retention rate of secukinumab in psoriatic arthritis: a real-life Italian multicenter cohort
Authors: Ramonda Roberta , Lorenzin Mariagrazia , Chimenti Maria Sole , Atzeni Fabiola , Semeraro Angelo , D’Angelo Salvatore , Selmi Carlo , Ortolan Augusta , Marchesoni Antonio , Manara Maria , Luchetti Gentiloni Michele Maria , Santo Leonardo , Salvarani Carlo , Cauli Alberto , Rossini Maurizio , Amato Giorgio , Cozzi Giacomo , Scagnellato Laura , Ferraioli Mario , Carriero Antonio , Fracassi Elena , Giorgio Francesco , Doria Andrea , Foti Rosario , Carletto Antonio ,   on behalf Spondyloarthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis SIR Study Group “Antonio Spadaro”, Foti Roberta , Visalli Elisa , Dal Bosco Ylenia , Francesco De Lucia , Siracusano Cesaro , Collela Sergio , Luciano Nicoletta , Paci Valentino , Marchionni Giulia , Girolimetto Nicolò , Floris Alberto , Citriniti Giorgia , Striani Giovanni , Carriero Antonio , Foti Roberta , Visalli Elisa , Dal Bosco Ylenia , Francesco De Lucia , Siracusano Cesaro , Collela Sergio , Guidelli Giacomo M. , Luciano Nicoletta , Paci Valentino , Marchionni Giulia , Girolimetto Nicolò , Floris Alberto , Citriniti Giorgia , Striani Giovanni
Published: September 2024

Objectives

to evaluate over a 48-month follow-up period the: 1) long-term effectiveness and safety; 2) drug retention rate (DRR); 3) impact of comorbidities and bDMARDs line on MDA and DAPSA remission/low disease activity (LDA) of secukinumab in a multicenter Italian cohort of PsA patients.

Methods

Consecutive PsA patients receiving secukinumab were followed prospectively in Italian centers between 2016 and 2023. Disease characteristics, previous/ongoing treatments, comorbidities and follow-up duration were recorded. Treatment response was evaluated at 6 and 12 months after initiation, and every year up to 48 months (T48). DRR was assessed according to clinical and demographic features, comorbidities and bDMARDs line. Adverse events (AE) were recorded.

Results

Six hundred eighty-five patients [42.5% male] were enrolled; 32.9% naïve received secukinumab; 74.2% had ≥ 1 comorbidity. Overall, secukinumab yielded improved outcomes at T48: naïve maintained lower disease activity vs. non-naïve [DAPSA 4.0 (1.4–8.1) vs. 6.0 (2.2–10.4);p = 0.04]; 76.9% naïve and 66.2% non-naïve achieved MDA; MDA no comorbidities vs. 1–3 comorbidities 78.8% vs. 73.3% (p < 0.05), and MDA no comorbidities vs. > 3 comorbidities 78.8% vs. 48.7% (p < 0.001). DAPSA-REM and DAPSA-LDA rates were higher in naïve patients, albeit similar between those without comorbidities vs. 1–3 comorbidities, and slightly lower in those with > 3 comorbidities. Treatment was discontinued in 233 patients due to loss of effectiveness, and in 41 due to AE. The overall DRR at T48 was 66%, with differences according to bDMARDs line (p < 0.001), use of combined csDMARDs (p = 0.016), BMI (p = 0.037) and mono/oligoarthritis vs. polyarthritis (p = 0.012).

Conclusions

Secukinumab proved safe and effective, and patients achieved sustained remission with a notable drug retention rate at 4 years.
Reading the m6A-encoded epitranscriptomic information in development and diseases
Authors: Chen Yunbing , Zhou Ziyu , Chen Yanxi , Chen Di
Published: September 2024

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) represents the most prevalent internal and reversible modification on RNAs. Different cell types display their unique m6A profiles, which are determined by the functions of m6A writers and erasers. M6A modifications lead to different outcomes such as decay, stabilization, or transport of the RNAs. The m6A-encoded epigenetic information is interpreted by m6A readers and their interacting proteins. M6A readers are essential for different biological processes, and the defects in m6A readers have been discovered in diverse diseases. Here, we review the latest advances in the roles of m6A readers in development and diseases. These recent studies not only highlight the importance of m6A readers in regulating cell fate transitions, but also point to the potential application of drugs targeting m6A readers in diseases.
Comparison between typical primary and eunatraemic, eukalaemic hypoadrenocorticism: 92 cases
Authors: Da Silva Adrien Joaquim , Gunn Eilidh , Ramos Pedro Jose Guzmán , Shiel Robert Edward , Bree Laura , Mooney Carmel Therese
Published: September 2024

Background

Naturally occurring hypoadrenocorticism is an uncommon endocrine disorder in dogs but has significant morbidity and mortality. Some dogs present with apparent glucocorticoid deficiency alone as evidenced by eunatraemia and eukalaemia. Few studies have compared dogs with hypoadrenocorticism with or without electrolyte disturbances and there are no large case series of affected dogs from Ireland.

Methods

Retrospective observational study.

Results

Ninety-two cases diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism subdivided into those with supportive electrolyte disturbances (Group 1; n = 72) and those without (Group 2; n = 20). Dogs in Group 1 were significantly (p = 0.001) younger (4.0 (3.0–6.0) years) than dogs in Group 2 (6.0 (4.75–8.25) years). Dogs in Group 1 presented significantly more commonly with vomiting (Group 1: 52/71 (73.2%), Group 2: 6/20 (30.0%); p < 0.001), total hyperproteinaemia (Group 1: 21/71 (29.6%), Group 2: 1/20 (5.0%); p = 0.023), increased urea (Group 1: 52/72 (72.2%), Group 2: 5/20 (25.0%); p < 0.001), increased creatinine (Group 1: 31/72 (43.1%), Group 2: 3/20 (15.0%); p = 0.021) and hyperphosphataemia (Group 1: 40/71 (56.3%), Group 2: 2/20 (10.0%); p < 0.001), and significantly less commonly with reticulocytosis (Group 1: 4/38 (10.5%), Group 2: 5/13 (38.5%), p = 0.023). An undetectable basal aldosterone concentration had a positive predictive value of 94.3% for diagnosing undetectable post-ACTH aldosterone concentration. Of the thirteen dogs in Group 2 that had aldosterone concentrations measured and secondary disease excluded, 7 (53.8%) had or subsequently developed evidence of aldosterone deficiency, although not always with electrolyte abnormalities.

Conclusions

Dogs with hypoadrenocorticism from Ireland are similar to other reported cases. An undetectable basal aldosterone concentration is highly predictive of mineralocorticoid deficiency. Dogs with apparent glucocorticoid deficiency alone can progress to more typical disease and should be monitored appropriately.
Assessing the therapeutic potential of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in alleviating periodontal tissue damage in murine periodontitis model
Authors: Kim Ji-Hyun , Choi Weon-Young , Jeong Seung-Jun , Park Ka Hyon , Lee Gyuseok , Kim Mangeun , Joo Soo-Chang , Kim Seongjun , Cho Beom-Jin , Son Young-Ok , Ryu Je-Hwang
Published: September 2024

Periodontal disease presents a significant challenge in oral health due to its chronic inflammatory nature and subsequent degradation of tooth-supporting structures. Natural compounds have attracted attention for their potential therapeutic effects in alleviating symptoms of periodontitis (PD). In this study, we investigated the impact of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil (GLSO), a lipid component extracted from broken-walled GLS using the supercritical CO2 extraction method, on PD pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of human gingival fibroblasts with GLSO resulted in a significant reduction in the expression of inflammatory factors, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and interleukin (IL)-8, upregulated by lipopolysaccharide or IL-1β. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that the observed decrease in inflammatory factor expression may be attributed to the inhibition of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity by GLSO. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of GLSO in a ligature-induced PD mouse model led to a notable reduction in periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss, accompanied by decreased levels of MMP-1 and IL-8. These in vivo results support the potential therapeutic efficacy of GLSO in alleviating PD symptoms. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the beneficial effects of GLSO in PD management. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and explore the clinical applicability of GLSO as a promising therapeutic agent for PD treatment.
Networks as tools for defining emergent properties of microbiomes and their stability
Authors: Kajihara Kacie T. , Hynson Nicole A.
Published: September 2024

The potential promise of the microbiome to ameliorate a wide range of societal and ecological challenges, from disease prevention and treatment to the restoration of entire ecosystems, hinges not only on microbiome engineering but also on the stability of beneficial microbiomes. Yet the properties of microbiome stability remain elusive and challenging to discern due to the complexity of interactions and often intractable diversity within these communities of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and other microeukaryotes. Networks are powerful tools for the study of complex microbiomes, with the potential to elucidate structural patterns of stable communities and generate testable hypotheses for experimental validation. However, the implementation of these analyses introduces a cascade of dichotomies and decision trees due to the lack of consensus on best practices. Here, we provide a road map for network-based microbiome studies with an emphasis on discerning properties of stability. We identify important considerations for data preparation, network construction, and interpretation of network properties. We also highlight remaining limitations and outstanding needs for this field. This review also serves to clarify the varying schools of thought on the application of network theory for microbiome studies and to identify practices that enhance the reproducibility and validity of future work.
The performance of alternative GPS tracking devices: a case report on wild boars (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Kunnasranta Mervi , Miettinen Elmo , Melin Markus , Meller Anna , Väänänen Veli-Matti , Huitu Otso , Holmala Katja
Published: September 2024

Background

Telemetry studies on terrestrial mammals have been carried out almost exclusively using neck collar-mounted devices. However, collars are not suitable for all species and all age classes and may therefore compromise animal welfare and data quality requirements. Here, we evaluate the use of non-collar tracking devices on wild boars (Sus scrofa), a species for which collars may be problematic due to neck shape and seasonal body mass variation. We tested pelt-glued tags and three types of GPS ear tags. In addition, animals were marked with plain cattle ear tags.

Results

The tested GPS tags exhibited various technical challenges related mostly to satellite coverage of the study area and tag loss. However, GPS devices enabled moderate movement monitoring of weeks to months, whereas plain cattle ear tags offered information on displacement over longer time intervals. The longest direct dispersal distance (163 km) by a wild boar sounder was discovered by cattle tags.

Conclusions

Data volume and quality obtained from small tags are inferior to data provided by GPS collars, but low-fix rate tags may enable monitoring of individuals with reduced invasiveness. Moreover, these tags enable tracking in cases where the collar is not an option. The low price and small size of the devices together with technical developments may offer cost-effective tools for future studies on dispersal and survival.
Repurposing idle wells in the North German Basin as deep borehole heat exchangers
Authors: Koltzer Nora , Schoenherr Johannes , Sporleder Maximilian , Niederau Jan , Wellmann Florian
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the feasibility to repurpose wells from gas production for geothermal closed-loop application in the North German Basin (NGB). The objective for this research topic is to extend the value-added chain of idle wells by re-completion as coaxial deep borehole heat exchangers as an efficient way to produce green energy without drilling new wells by saving the carbon emission and costs of building a new geothermal well. With numerical models of two typical geological settings of the NGB and two different completion schemes, it is possible to simulate the thermal performance over a lifetime of 30 years. The calculated heat extraction rates range from 200 to 400 kW, with maximum values of up to 600 kW. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that re-completion depth and injection temperature are the most sensitive parameters of thermal output determination. The heat demand around the boreholes is mapped, and heat generation costs are calculated with heating network simulations. The initial production costs for heat are comparable to other renewable energy resources like biomass and competitive against gas prices in 2022. This study highlights available geothermal resources’ environmental and economic potential in already installed wells. The application has almost no geological and no drilling risks and may be installed at any idle well location.
Association of corticosteroid therapy with reduced acute kidney injury and lower NET markers in severe COVID-19: an observational study
Authors: Bülow Anderberg Sara , Huckriede Joram , Hultström Michael , Larsson Anders , de Vries Femke , Lipcsey Miklos , Nicolaes Gerry A. F. , Frithiof Robert
Published: September 2024

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated with worse outcome. Dysregulated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is one of several suggested pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of COVID-19 associated AKI. The corticosteroid dexamethasone was implemented as a standard treatment for severe COVID-19 as of June 2020. A sub-analysis of a prospective observational single center study was performed to evaluate the effect of corticosteroid treatment on AKI development and NET markers in critical cases of COVID-19.

Results

Two hundred and ten adult patients admitted to intensive care at a tertiary level hospital due to respiratory failure or shock secondary to SARS-CoV-2-infection between March 13th 2020 and January 14th 2021 were included in the study. Ninety-seven of those did not receive corticosteroids. One hundred and thirteen patients were treated with corticosteroids [dexamethasone (n = 98) or equivalent treatment (n = 15)], but the incidence of AKI was assessed only in patients that received corticosteroids before any registered renal dysfunction (n = 63). Corticosteroids were associated with a lower incidence of AKI (19% vs 55.8%, p < 0.001). Fewer patients demonstrated detectable concentrations of extracellular histones in plasma when treated with corticosteroids (8.7% vs 43.1%; p < 0.001). Extracellular histones and in particular non-proteolyzed histones were observed more frequently with increasing AKI severity (p < 0.001). MPO-DNA was found in lower concentrations in patients that received corticosteroids before established renal dysfunction (p = 0.03) and was found in higher concentrations in patients with AKI stage 3 (p = 0.03). Corticosteroids did not ameliorate established AKI during the first week of treatment.

Conclusion

Corticosteroid treatment in severe COVID-19 is associated with a lower incidence of AKI and reduced concentrations of NET markers in plasma.
Maternal stress during pregnancy alters circulating small extracellular vesicles and enhances their targeting to the placenta and fetus
Authors: Sánchez-Rubio Mario , Abarzúa-Catalán Lorena , del Valle Ana , Méndez-Ruette Maxs , Salazar Natalia , Sigala Jacinta , Sandoval Soledad , Godoy María Inés , Luarte Alejandro , Monteiro Lara J. , Romero Roberto , Choolani Mahesh A. , Wyneken Úrsula , Illanes Sebastián E. , Bátiz Luis Federico
Published: September 2024

Background

Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy can negatively impact fetal development, resulting in long-lasting consequences for the offspring. These effects show a sex bias. The mechanisms whereby prenatal stress induces functional and/or structural changes in the placental-fetal unit remain poorly understood. Maternal circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are good candidates to act as “stress signals” in mother-to-fetus communication. Using a repetitive restraint-based rat model of prenatal stress, we examined circulating maternal sEVs under stress conditions and tested whether they could target placental-fetal tissues.

Results

Our mild chronic maternal stress during pregnancy paradigm induced anhedonic-like behavior in pregnant dams and led to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), particularly in male fetuses and placentas. The concentration and cargo of maternal circulating sEVs changed under stress conditions. Specifically, there was a significant reduction in neuron-enriched proteins and a significant increase in astrocyte-enriched proteins in blood-borne sEVs from stressed dams. To study the effect of repetitive restraint stress on the biodistribution of maternal circulating sEVs in the fetoplacental unit, sEVs from pregnant dams exposed to stress or control protocol were labeled with DiR fluorescent die and injected into pregnant females previously exposed to control or stress protocol. Remarkably, maternal circulating sEVs target placental/fetal tissues and, under stress conditions, fetal tissues are more receptive to sEVs.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that maternal circulating sEVs can act as novel mediators/modulators of mother-to-fetus stress communication. Further studies are needed to identify placental/fetal cellular targets of maternal sEVs and characterize their contribution to stress-induced sex-specific placental and fetal changes.
Investigation of the optimal method of oxygen administration with simultaneous use of a surgical mask in postoperative patients: a randomized cross-over study
Authors: Kamiyama Aya , Takazawa Tomonori , Matsui Yusuke , Nagumo Kazuhiro , Arai Seiji , Saito Shigeru
Published: September 2024

Background

From the standpoint of infection prevention, anesthesiologists need to simultaneously use a surgical mask and an oxygen mask when administering oxygen to patients. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence to justify this method. We aimed to investigate a suitable method of oxygen administration when using a surgical mask in postoperative patients.

Methods

This was a randomized, single-blind, cross-over study involving 42 patients admitted to the ICU. We compared three methods of oxygen administration: nasal cannula under the surgical mask, oxygen mask under the surgical mask, and oxygen mask above the surgical mask, using a cross-over design. The primary endpoint was partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2). The secondary endpoint was partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2).

Results

PaO2 was higher when the oxygen mask was placed under the surgical mask (median values 197.7 mmHg), the nasal cannula was under the surgical mask (180.6 mmHg), and the oxygen mask was above the surgical mask (143.0 mmHg), in descending order, with significant differences between all groups (P < 0.001). PaCO2 did not differ between groups.

Conclusions

The current standard method of administering oxygen to postoperative patients using an oxygen mask over a surgical mask results in poor oxygenation. Adopting the method of oxygen administration under the surgical mask via an oxygen mask or nasal cannula should be considered instead.
Association between caffeine intake and erectile dysfunction: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Karimi Mehdi , Asbaghi Omid , Kazemi Kimia , Sedgi Fatemeh Maleki , Soleimani Ensiye , Moghadam Hanieh Keikhay
Published: September 2024

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition with various contributing factors, including lifestyle and dietary habits. Caffeine, a widely consumed stimulant, has been linked to multiple physiological effects on vascular function and hormonal balance that might influence sexual function. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between caffeine intake and the risk of ED by analyzing data from cohort studies.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases, and a manual search was conducted on Google Scholar for studies on the relationship between caffeine intake and ED in adult men. The search included observational studies published up to April 1, 2024. Four cohort studies were included, and their data were extracted and analyzed by STATA version 18.

Results

Four included cohort studies comprised 51,665 cohort members. The study population included adult males, on average, aged 18 to 80. The results indicate that there was no significant relationship between coffee consumption and the risk of ED (relative risk [RR] = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86–1.03; p = 0.999).

Conclusions

The current evidence suggests no significant relationship between caffeine intake and ED, but limited studies limit conclusions. Future research should focus on larger sample sizes, standardized outcome assessments, and different dosages and forms of caffeine consumption.
A novel approach for breast cancer treatment: the multifaceted antitumor effects of rMeV-Hu191
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Yu , Lv Yao , Xu Ling-Yan , Zhou Dong-Ming , Yu Lan , Zhao Zheng-Yan
Published: September 2024

Background

The therapeutic potential of oncolytic measles virotherapy has been demonstrated across various malignancies. However, the effectiveness against human breast cancer (BC) and the underlying mechanisms of the recombinant measles virus vaccine strain Hu191 (rMeV-Hu191) remain unclear.

Methods

We utilized a range of methods, including cell viability assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, SA-β-gal staining, reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR, transcriptome sequencing, BC xenograft mouse models, and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of rMeV-Hu191 against BC and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Additionally, we employed transcriptomics and gene set enrichment analysis to analyze the lipid metabolism status of BC cells following rMeV-Hu191 infection.

Results

Our study revealed the multifaceted antitumor effects of rMeV-Hu191 against BC. rMeV-Hu191 induced apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, and promoted senescence in BC cells. Furthermore, rMeV-Hu191 was associated with changes in oxidative stress and lipid homeostasis in infected BC cells. In vivo, studies using a BC xenograft mouse model confirmed a significant reduction in tumor growth following local injection of rMeV-Hu191.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the potential of rMeV-Hu191 as a promising treatment for BC and provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying its oncolytic effect.
Linear measurements of the mandible on panoramic radiograph for sex estimation in populations in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Datau Selcaria Istna , Aisha Sekar Khansa , Aulia Nurulita Fida , Shantiningsih Rurie Ratna , Mudjosemedi Munakhir , Yanuaryska Ryna Dwi , Widyaningrum Rini
Published: September 2024

Background

Identification is one of the main aspects of forensics. Sex estimation is an essential part of identification because it can simplify the whole process. Mandible is the largest, strongest, and sexually dimorphic bone and is part of the orofacial structure, which has the second highest level of dimorphism after the pelvic bone. Sex estimation using the mandible can be performed by conducting various linear measurements on a panoramic radiograph, including right minimum ramus width (RMiRW), left minimum ramus width (LMiRW), right projective height of ramus (RPHR), left projective height of ramus (LPHR), right maximum ramus width (RMxRW), left maximum ramus width (LMxRW), right coronoid height (RCH), left coronoid height (LCH), symphysis height (SH), right mandibular corpus height (RMCH), and left mandibular corpus height (LMCH). This study aimed to analyze how linear measurements in panoramic radiographs differ between men and women and to estimate sex by utilizing these parameters.

Results

In this study, 195 panoramic radiographs from 95 men and 100 women aged 20–40 years obtained from our dental hospital were used as a training data. Meanwhile, 61 panoramic radiographs from 29 men and 32 women outside the training data with same characteristics were used as the testing data. The linear measurements of the mandible using panoramic radiographs were taken with EzDent-i Vatech software. Independent t-test showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in some linear measurements of the mandible between adult men and women. These significantly different linear measurements were then subjected to discriminant function analysis to produce sex estimation equations. The equation accuracy percentage ranged between 63.6 and 94.4% for the training sample and 59.5% and 85% for the testing sample.

Conclusion

The linear measurements of the mandible using diagnostically acceptable panoramic radiographs taken from a patient with standardized head positioning can serve as an alternative method for sex estimation. The accuracy of discriminant analysis for sex estimation varies depending on the parameter used in the estimation.
Investigating alexithymia, empathy, and resilience in medical students during pandemic era: a cross-sectional study in northern Iran
Authors: Elyasi Forouzan , Amirsoleimani Yeganeh , Hamzehpour Romina , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Zarghami Mehran , Vajdi Maryam , Alamouti Elham Motevalli , Arimi Fatemeh Alizadeh
Published: September 2024

Background and aim

Alexithymia is defined as emotional response inhibition. As well, empathy refers to the ability to put oneself in someone’s position and resilience is the capacity to recover from a series of negative emotional experiences. Considering the psychological distress induced by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic together with academic stress and the role of empathy in physician–patient relationships, the present study was to investigate alexithymia, empathy, and resilience in Iranian medical interns and residents.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study was fulfilled in northern Iran in 2021–2022. In total, 394 medical interns and residents were initially recruited for this purpose. Then, an online sociodemographic survey form (SDSF), the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were completed. The data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (ver.26) software in regard to the p < 0.05 significance level.

Results

The mean age of the study participants was 28.8 ± 5.00. As well, 38.1% of these individuals were male, 62.2% of the cases were single, and 54.6% of them were medical interns. The mean value of empathy, resilience and alexithymia was 89.90 ± 14.00, 49.75 ± 10.56, and 46.40 ± 16.40, respectively. No significant relationship was found between empathy and educational level (p = 0.532). As well, medical interns empathy and resilience than residents (p = 0.000 & p = 0.000, respectively). Besides, male participants had more empathy and resilience (p = 0.000 & p = 0.007).

Conclusion

Low empathy and resilience in medical interns and residents, especially in women who make up the majority of them, can be a warning for health care in Iran.
Empowering sustainable hotels: a guest-centric optimization for vehicle-to-building integration
Authors: Valett Lynne , Bollenbach Jessica , Keller Robert
Published: September 2024

In light of global warming, hotels account for one of the highest energy demands within the building sector, offering great decarbonization potential. As electrification increases, so does the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) charging stations at hotels and the proportion of Vehicle-to-Building-capable EVs. Therefore, the study explores the potential of guest-centric energy management. To accomplish this, we develop an optimization model for an energy management system that focuses on either cost-efficiency or carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2)-efficiency, grounded in a real-world case study. Through scenario analyses considering seasons as well as different guest mobility behaviors, this study discusses the expenses associated with CO2 savings using digital solutions. It emphasizes the currently perceived conflict between cost reduction and decarbonization goals to achieve a sustainable design of information systems. Thereby, this study highlights the critical importance of individual mobility behavior in enabling sustainable energy management for hotels.
Attitudes toward driving after cannabis use: a systematic review
Authors: Boicu Bianca , Al-Hakim Durr , Yuan Yue , Brubacher Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

Background

Driving after cannabis use (DACU) is associated with increased risk of motor vehicle collisions. As cannabis legalization expands, DACU is emerging as a major public safety concern. Attitudes have a significant impact on behavioural decision making. As such, understanding the degree to which people have favorable or unfavorable evaluations of DACU is an important first step for informing prevention efforts. This systematic review summarizes existing evidence on attitudes toward DACU, their association with actual or intended DACU, and changes in attitudes following legalization of recreational cannabis.

Methods

Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and TRID) were searched for studies that reported attitudes or changes in attitudes toward DACU published between their inception dates and February 26 2024. A total of 1,099 records were retrieved. Studies were analyzed using an inductive thematic synthesis approach.

Results

Seventy studies from seven countries originating predominantly from the United States and Canada met inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis identified six themes. (I) Attitudes toward the safety and acceptability of DACU are mixed; participants in 35 studies predominantly expressed negative attitudes toward DACU (e.g., DACU is dangerous, affects driving ability, and increases crash risk). However, 20 studies reported opposing views. (II) Attitudes toward DACU vary by age, sex/gender, and cannabis use frequency; youth, men, and frequent cannabis users tended to view DACU more favorably than older participants, women, and occasional or non-users. (III) Attitudes toward DACU are associated with past DACU and intention to DACU. (IV) DACU is viewed more favorably than driving after drinking alcohol. (V) The relationship between legal status of recreational cannabis and attitudes toward DACU is unclear. (VI) Perceived risk of apprehension for DACU is low to moderate.

Conclusions

This review found that perceptions of DACU are primarily negative but mixed. Findings suggest that attitudes toward DACU are important targets for interventions to reduce this behaviour.
Evaluation of right ventricular functions in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy by speckle-tracking echocardiography
Authors: Darweesh Reham Mohamed , Ahmed Dina Mohamed Yousry , Ahmed Kamal Mahmoud , El-Aroussy Wafaa Anwar , Elagha Abdalla Amin
Published: September 2024

Background

It is widely recognized that the right ventricle plays a significant role in the prognosis of numerous diseases. However, the assessment of right ventricular function (RV) has not been given much attention until recently. This study used speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) to assess RV functions in ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients.

Results

This study included 74 patients diagnosed with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and an ejection fraction (EF) of less than 50%. Although all the selected patients had normal RV systolic function by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), a considerable percentage of them had subtle RV systolic dysfunction, which could be identified by right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RV FWLS) (36.5%) and right ventricular global longitudinal strain (RV GLS) (55.4%). Moreover, the mean RV FWLS was significantly higher than RV GLS (− 20.4 ± 5.08% vs. − 17.5 ± 6.89%), respectively. Advanced left ventricle (LV) adverse remodeling was associated with subtle RV dysfunction. Using multivariate regression analysis, increased E/e' (p = 0.016, CI 1.135–3.423) and RV myocardial performance index (MPI) (p = 0.007, CI 0.000–0.007) were identified as independent factors of impaired RV FWLS with the greatest effectiveness.

Conclusion

When standard RV measures are normal in patients with ICM, RV systolic strain analysis offers an incremental utility to detect subtle abnormalities in RV function, especially in resource-constrained settings where cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is not practical.
Parametric multi-level modeling of Lean Six Sigma
Authors: Odeyinka Olumide F. , Ipinnimo Oluwafemi , Ogunwolu Folorunso
Published: September 2024

Lean Six Sigma is a methodology that combines Lean manufacturing and Six Sigma into a single framework for process improvement. This combination merges their tools and techniques to overcome their deficiencies while achieving bottom-line improvement. However, existing literature emphasizes general LSS implementation with very little work on modeling the interaction between Leanness and Six Sigma. This work developed a multi-level model containing leanness and Six Sigma levels to generalize LSS implementation. Three hierarchical levels—Six Sigma (level 3), leanness (level 2), and a fattening level (level 1—Sigma quality level) are defined for two models (parametrized and non-parametrized). Aggregate measures (process efficiency, asset intensity, production time, etc.) are considered at levels 2 and 3 to achieve the desired optimization goal at that level. For testing, three process measures [asset intensity (AI), planned stoppages (PS), wastes and rework (WR)] from the manufacturing data of a global brand spanning 18 months were analyzed. The maximum log-likelihood method was used to estimate the model parameters and they converged to 85.2%, 11.2%, and 8.87% for AI, PS, and WR respectively, with a strong correlation between AI and PS. A metaheuristic algorithm was extended to solve both models. The obtained process yield (0.111111 and 0.4132471), defects per million opportunities (DPMO) (12,426 and 18,046), and sigma level (3.6 and 3.74) for the parametrized and non-parametrized models respectively indicated optimal model performance and a need for the strategic use of LSS tools in improving the production output. Also, further reduction in wastes, stoppages, and downtime was observed upon tuning the parametric variables. This model provides a mathematical approach to analyzing LSS implementation and provides a basis for future adaptation to any organization.
Intended and unintended effects of cannabis regulation in Uruguay
Authors: Queirolo Rosario , Repetto Lorena , Alonso Joaquín , Álvarez Eliana , Sotto Belén , Pardal Mafalda , Kilmer Beau
Published: September 2024

Ten years after Uruguay legalised cannabis, the country’s experience provides valuable insights regarding the implementation of such a policy. Uruguay’s regulation of cannabis represented an innovative policy based on a state-controlled model that yielded both expected and unexpected effects. To study these effects, we employed a qualitative research design and analysed six key outcome dimensions: accessibility, pharmacies, cannabis social clubs, quantity, prices and quality. The research included 23 interviews with key informants and 25 interviews with frequent cannabis consumers, complemented by secondary data analysis. We propose that the unintended effects of the policy, such as the formation of a ‘grey market’ – the illegal distribution of legally produced cannabis – are attributable to: (1) the novel character of the regulation and, therefore, the lack of an evidence base to guide policy design and implementation; (2) the different preferences and policy dynamics that shaped the three different governments in office during the period; and (3) an implementation gap.
Matchmakers: placement agencies and digital platforms in the UK childcare market
Authors: Muldoon James , Sedacca Natalie , Apostolidis Paul
Published: September 2024

Households seeking childcare often turn to labour market intermediaries such as placement agencies and digital platforms to facilitate their search. This article draws on a qualitative research project to examine the respective roles played by agencies and platforms, comparing the structural power dynamics they engender between workers, clients, and intermediaries. First, it argues that digital platforms stand in an ambiguous position in relation to the formalisation of childcare. While they have contributed to reducing transaction costs and standardising processes, this has often been through the creation of more flexible and insecure forms of work compared with agencies. Second, in contrast with literature emphasising the disciplinary effects of platforms, we claim that they institute new forms of ‘constrained flexibility’, which have increased workers’ access to jobs, control over their schedule and communication with clients, while simultaneously subjecting them to increased market pressures and requiring higher levels of digital and entrepreneurial skills.
Porphyry on the Value of Nonhuman Animals
Authors: Marechal Patricia
Published: September 2024

abstract: This paper argues that Book 3 of Porphyry’s De abstinentia contains an overlooked argument in favor of vegetarianism for the sake of nonhuman animals themselves. The argument runs as follows: Animals are essentially sentient creatures. Sentience (αἴσθησις) allows them to discern what is good for their survival and what is destructive to them, so that they can pursue the former and avoid the latter. As a result, animals (human and nonhuman) have preferences, desires, and hopes. Having purposeful strivings that can be promoted or frustrated makes them recipients of justice and injustice. This means, for Porphyry, that animals, unlike plants, can be wronged since they are creatures that discern, and purposefully pursue, what is good or bad for them. This reading stands against interpretations that argue that Porphyry advocates vegetarianism only for our benefit, and not for the animals’ own sake.
Malebranche’s Conflicting Moralities? Hume’s Objection, Quietism, and Motivation
Authors: Schmaltz Tad M.
Published: September 2024

abstract: Hume criticizes Malebranche for endorsing an “abstract theory of morals” founded on reason that leaves no role for sentiment. One response in the literature argues that although Malebranche started by endorsing the kind of “abstract” morality Hume rejects, he increasingly replaced this with an incompatible “sensible” morality based on “physical motives” deriving from pleasure. However, I argue that a basis for both moralities is present in Malebranche from the start, and indeed that they are compatible parts of a single morality. In developing this argument, I draw particularly on his contribution to the dispute in early modern France over a Quietist account of “pure love.” This contribution reveals that although he did accept the sort of theory of moral truth that Hume criticized, Malebranche at the same time endorsed a theory of moral motivation that is similar in important respects to what we find in Hume.
“I Will Never Leave You nor Forsake You”: An Intertextual Study of the Logic between the Exhortation in Hebrews 13:5a and the Quotation in Hebrews 13:5b
Authors: Coetsee Albert Johannes
Published: September 2024

Abstract: This contribution investigates the logic between the exhortation in Hebrews 13:5a and the words of the quotation in Hebrews 13:5b that support the exhortation. There seems to be a slight jump between the explicit exhortation not to love money and the quotation presumably assuring divine presence. The first section of the article investigates anew the most probable Vorlage of the quotation in Hebrews 13:5b to determine how the words were used in its original context. The article finds that a version of Deuteronomy 31:6LXX is the most likely Vorlage , and that Philo, Conf. 166 contains the same quotation verbatim. The second section of the article investigates the reasons for the similarities between Hebrews and Philo, and whether Philo’s use of the quotation influences the interpretation of Hebrews 13:5. Based on these findings, the article concludes that the author of Hebrews uses Deuteronomy 31:6LXX not only as a reference to divine presence but also divine protection.
"En parler, c'est terminer la guerre.": Algériennes 1954–1962 de Meralli et Deloupy ou quand les femmes sortent du silence
Authors: Corbin Christophe
Published: September 2024

abstract: "Puisque les hommes ne parlent pas, j'irai voir les femmes." La parution en 2018 du roman graphique Algériennes 1954–1962 témoigne de la volonté d'une génération qui n'a pas connu la guerre d'Algérie de se pencher sur ses parts d'ombre. Inscrit dans une perspective transnationale et dans une volonté de vulgarisation évidente, Algériennes ne sacrifie en rien à la compréhension d'une période aussi douloureuse que complexe et généralement mal connue ou mal comprise des deux côtés de la Méditerranée. Cet ouvrage constitue un outil pédagogique précieux permettant d'aborder la question de la place accordée aux femmes qui ont participé à la Révolution. Abstract: "Because the men wouldn't talk about it, I went to see the women." The publication of Deloupi and Meralli's graphic novel, Algériennes , in 2018 reflects a growing interest among a new generation, unfamiliar with the Algerian War, to examine obscured facets of its intricate history. Algériennes sheds light on the pivotal roles played by Algerian women in the liberation struggle of their nation six decades ago, thus amplifying voices long silenced.
Simulation of ultra-fast structured illumination in single-photon sensitive single-pixel lidar
Authors: Olkkonen Jaakko , Taher Josef , Hakala Teemu , Kukko Antero , Kaartinen Harri , Hyyppä Juha
Published: September 2024

This study presents a novel single-pixel imaging lidar system utilizing VCSEL arrays and single-photon detection for high-speed structured illumination and accurate reflectance estimation. The research developed a detailed measurement model and inverse rendering workflow. These were evaluated using ray tracing simulations that generated full-waveform intensity data. The proposed method achieved millimeter-level precision in range measurements and accurate reflectance estimates by leveraging local angle of incidence information. Notably, the method does not require separate surface normal estimation from dense point clouds. Future research may explore additional applications of the local angle of incidence information and further validate the model in real-world scenarios.
Depth-Resolved Imaging in Turbid Media via Polarimetry
Authors: Zhang Xinxian , Fan Jiahao , Song Jiawei , Zeng Nan , He Honghui , Tuchin Valery , Ma Hui
Published: September 2024

Accurately locating diseased tissue and determining its depth are essential for effective drug penetration and surgical treatments. This study focuses on determining tissue depth in turbid media using polar-imetry, specifically targeting fibrous tissues. We constructed a tissue phantom that can quantitatively regulate depth to simulate fibrosis at specific layers. By analyzing measurement results from the Mueller matrix across depth gradients, we established correlations between basic polarization parameters (PBPs) and depth using machine learning algorithms. This research innovatively combines degree of polari-zation (DOP)-sensitive PBPs with anisotropy-sensitive PBPs to create depth polarization feature pa-rameters (DSPFPs). These DSPFPs are more sensitive to depth in shallow layers while maintaining accuracy in deeper layers. Additionally, we achieved 2-D depth-resolved imaging on phantoms, con-firming the effectiveness and robustness of this approach. Overall, this study not only broadens the application of polarimetry but also introduces a method for depth extraction.
Laminin Beta 2 Is Localized at the Sites of Blood–Brain Barrier and Its Disruption Is Associated With Increased Vascular Permeability, Histochemical, and Transcriptomic Study
Authors: Bannykh Katherine S. , Fuentes-Fayos Antonio C. , Linesch Paul W. , Breunig Joshua J. , Bannykh Serguei I.
Published: September 2024

Heterotrimeric extracellular matrix proteins laminins are mostly deposited at basal membranes and are important in repair and neoplasia. Here, we localize laminin beta 2 ( LAMB2) at the sites of blood–brain barrier (BBB). Microvasculature (MV) of normal brain is endowed with complete LAMB2 coverage. In contrast, its cognate protein laminin beta 1 ( LAMB1) is absent in MV of normal brain but emerges at the sprouting tip of a growing vessels. Similarly, vascular proliferation in high-grade gliomas (HGG) is accompanied by marked overexpression of LAMB1, whereas LAMB2 shows deficient deposition. We find that many brain pathologies with presence of post-gadolinium enhancement (PGE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show disruption of LAMB2 vascular ensheathment. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in HGG blocks angiogenesis, suppresses PGE in HGG, prevents expression of LAMB1, and restores LAMB2 vascular coverage. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) databases shows that in quiescent brain LAMB2 is predominantly expressed by BBB-associated pericytes (PCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), whereas neither cell types produce LAMB1. In contrast, in HGG, both LAMB1 and 2 are overexpressed by endothelial precursor cells, a phenotypically unique immature group, specific to proliferating hyperplastic MV.
Effects of dietary protease supplementation on in vitro soybean meal protein, dry matter digestibility, and productive performance in starter-to-finisher pigs
Authors: Satsook Phubet , Jitviriyanon Surapan , Khongpradit Anchalee , Chungopast Sirinapa , Kaewtapee Chanwit , Homwong Nitipong
Published: September 2024

Background and Aim: Pig industries are currently facing a crisis in terms of protein and energy costs. Proteases were used to increase protein digestibility and metabolizable energy (ME) in diets. This study evaluated the effects of protease supplementation on in vitro protein digestibility and productive performance in starter-to-finisher pigs.

Materials and Methods: A total of 691 starter pigs were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design. Diets were provided in three phases according to body weight (BW): Starter, grower, and finisher phases. Each phase was fed for 30, 60, and 24 days of treatment diets as T1: basal diet and T2 and T3: the basal diet supplemented with 240 ppm protease reduced by 50 kcal/kg ME plus 1% crude protein (CP) and by 100 kcal/kg ME plus 2% CP, respectively. Protease and in vitro protein digestibility were measured. BW and feed intake were recorded to calculate the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed-to-gain (F:G), and gain-to-feed (G:F) ratios.

Results: There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the percentage of in vitro protein digestibility between the groups with and without protease supplementation. In the finisher phase, T2 had lower (p < 0.05) ADFI and F:G than T1 and T3. Overall, T3 had lower (p < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and F:G than T1 and T2.

Conclusion: Protease supplementation significantly affects protein digestibility. Supplementing basal diets with 240 ppm protease reduced ME by 50 kcal/kg and CP by 1% without affecting ADG, ADFI, F:G, and G:F ratios for starter-to-finisher pigs.

Keywords: digestibility, performance, pig, production, protease.