bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Politics of the Solar Age
Authors: Henderson Hazel
Published: October 2015

We are now at a critical moment in history. The stresses now occurring globally are largely due to limited perspectives, ancient ideologies, and defunct economic models. Yet, 2015 can be the year when the great transitions envisioned and promoted by forward-looking individuals and groups in many places around the world can be truly launched in academia, public, private, and civic sectors worldwide. These transitions show that stress is evolution’s tool and that breakdowns do drive breakthroughs! This article reviews the progress achieved to date and outlines the reasons for optimism that humanity is on the brink of achieving the long-wished-for goal of universal, equitable, and sustainable prosperity.
A McShane-type identity for closed surfaces
Authors: Huang Yi
Published: October 2015

We prove a McShane-type identity: a series, expressed in terms of geodesic lengths, that sums to 2π for any closed hyperbolic surface with one distinguished point. To do so, we prove a generalized Birman-Series theorem showing that the set of complete geodesics on a hyperbolic surface with large cone angles is sparse.
Spherical functors on the Kummer surface
Authors: Krug Andreas , Meachan Ciaran
Published: October 2015

We find two natural spherical functors associated to the Kummer surface and analyze how their induced twists fit with Bridgeland's conjecture on the derived autoequivalence group of a complex algebraic K3 surface.
Lin-28 promotes symmetric stem cell division and drives adaptive growth in the adult Drosophila intestine
Authors: Chen Ching-Huan , Luhur Arthur , Sokol Nicholas
Published: October 2015

Stem cells switch between asymmetric and symmetric division to expand in number as tissues grow during development and in response to environmental changes. The stem cell intrinsic proteins controlling this switch are largely unknown, but one candidate is the Lin-28 pluripotency factor. A conserved RNA-binding protein that is downregulated in most animals as they develop from embryos to adults, Lin-28 persists in populations of adult stem cells. Its function in these cells has not been previously characterized. Here, we report that Lin-28 is highly enriched in adult intestinal stem cells in the Drosophila intestine. lin-28 null mutants are homozygous viable but display defects in this population of cells, which fail to undergo a characteristic food-triggered expansion in number and have reduced rates of symmetric division as well as reduced insulin signaling. Immunoprecipitation of Lin-28-bound mRNAs identified Insulin-like Receptor (InR), forced expression of which completely rescues lin-28-associated defects in intestinal stem cell number and division pattern. Furthermore, this stem cell activity of lin-28 is independent of one well-known lin-28 target, the microRNA let-7, which has limited expression in the intestinal epithelium. These results identify Lin-28 as a stem cell intrinsic factor that boosts insulin signaling in intestinal progenitor cells and promotes their symmetric division in response to nutrients, defining a mechanism through which Lin-28 controls the adult stem cell division patterns that underlie tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
An interview with Mike Levine
Authors: Vicente Catarina
Published: October 2015

Mike Levine, director of the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics at Princeton University, is a developmental biologist who has dedicated his career to understanding how gene expression is regulated during development. Some of his most significant research, such as the co-discovery of the homeobox genes and his work on even skipped stripe 2, was performed in Drosophila, but he has since branched out to Ciona intestinalis, which he is using as a model to understand how vertebrate features have evolved. We had a lively chat with Mike at this year's Society for Developmental Biology (SDB) meeting, where he was awarded the Edwin Grant Conklin Medal.
Cognitive-motivational model of obesity. Motivational mechanisms and cognitive biases underlying the processing of food-related images by people with excess body weight.
Authors: Pawłowska Monika , Kalka Dorota
Published: October 2015

Otyłość stanowi wciąż narastający problem w każdej grupie wiekowej. Wobec wszechobecnych w otoczeniu obrazów pożywienia, kolorowych reklam wysokokalorycznych posiłków i napojów konieczne jest badanie roli pamięci oraz mechanizmu uwagi w przetwarzaniu tych bodźców. Z całą pewnością wiedza w tym zakresie może znacznie przyczynić się zarówno do udoskonalania programów interwencyjnych, jak i profilaktycznych nakierowanych na zapobieganie wtórnym trudnościom w sferze psychiki, w tym depresji.
W niniejszym artykule prezentowany jest poznawczo – motywacyjny model otyłości zakładający, iż w opisie mechanizmów powstawania zaburzeń odżywiania należy uwzględnić zarówno czynniki motywacyjne, jak i poznawcze. Artykuł jest prezentacją teoretycznego ujęcia problemu otyłości bez względu na jej genezę, a także najnowszych doniesień empirycznych z tego zakresu. Z prezentowanego przeglądu wynika, że brak jest jednoznacznych wyników w zakresie badań dotyczących przetwarzania obrazów pokarmów wysoko i niskokalorycznych przez osoby z nadmierną wagą. Wydaje się, że poznanie podstawowych mechanizmów uwikłanych w przetwarzanie tych bodźców oraz eksploracja tego zjawiska umożliwi doskonalenie programów nakierowanych na prewencję nadwagi.
Trauma Related Guilt Inventory – psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation (TRGI-PL)
Authors: Popiel Agnieszka , Zawadzki Bogdan
Published: October 2015

Cel

Poczucie winy to częsty problem pacjentów z PTSD, lecz dopiero w obecnej wersji DSM-5 znalazło odzwierciedlenie w kryteriach diagnostycznych. Poznawcza konceptualizacja zaproponowana przez Kubanyego została odzwierciedlona w narzędziu do oceny związanego z traumą poczucia winy –TRGI. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja właściwości psychometrycznych polskiej adaptacji inwentarza – TRGI-PL.

Metoda

Badaniem TRGI-PL objęto 280 uczestników wypadków komunikacyjnych (147 kobiet, 133 mężczyzn w wieku od 18 to 80 lat (M=34,93; SD=13,71), w okresie od jednego do 24 miesięcy po wypadku (M=10,18, SD=6,23). Walidacja narzędzia TRGI-PL polegała na zbadaniu struktury czynnikowej oraz określeniu trafności teoretycznej pomiaru - porównaniu emocjonalnych i poznawczych składowych poczucia winy badanych przez TRGI-PL z nasileniem objawów PTSD (mierzonych PTSD-K), przekonaniami potraumatycznymi (PTCI), nasileniem emocji negatywnych, oraz oceną sprawstwa wypadku przez sąd i subiektywną akceptacją tej oceny przez osobę badaną.

Wyniki

Wskaźniki dopasowania modelu zakładającego czteroczynnikową strukturę poczucia winy (1) Dystres; (2) Możliwość Przewidzenia i Zapobieżenia Wydarzeniu/ Odpowiedzialność; (3) Brak Usprawiedliwienia dla Własnych Zachowań; (4) Potępienie Własnych Czynów) są zadowalające (Satorra-Bentler chi2=518,62; df=203, p<0,01, RMSEA=0,079, CFI=0,96, GFI=0,97) i odpowiadają uzyskiwanym w badaniach nad oryginalną wersją językową. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują też na porównywalną z wersją oryginalną rzetelność i trafność teoretyczną pomiaru TRGI-PL.

Wnioski

Własności psychometryczne TRGI-PL są porównywalne z narzędziem oryginalnym w ocenie poczucia winy jako wielowymiarowego konstruktu obejmującego składowe emocjonalne i poznawcze. Polska adaptacja – TRGI-PL może być użytecznym narzędziem do badania poczucia winy występującego u osób po traumatycznych doświadczeniach, planowania interwencji terapeutycznych i monitorowania przebiegu terapii.
Analysis of psychiatric consultations in a multidisciplinary hospital patients
Authors: Ścisło Piotr , Badura-Brzoza Karina , Gorczyca Piotr , Błachut Michał , Pudlo Robert , Piegza Magdalena , Hese Robert
Published: October 2015

Cel

Celem pracy jest analiza konsultacji psychiatrycznych przeprowadzanych w szpitalu wielospecjalistycznym, ustalenie przyczyn konsultacji na podstawie analizy rozpoznań wg. ICD-10 oraz analiza konsultacji psychiatrycznych pod względem liczby na poszczególnych oddziałach

Metoda

W badaniu przeprowadzono retrospektywną analizę dokumentacji medycznej dotyczącej udzielonych konsultacji w ramach szpitala wielospecjalistycznego w Tarnowskich Górach w latach 2002-2010.W badaniach statystycznych wykorzystano m.in. : test Shapiro-Wilka, test Kruskala-Wllisa, test U Manna-Whitney’a, test niezależności CHI2

Wyniki

W badanych latach odbyły się 3672 konsultacje, średnia wieku pacjentów konsultowanych wynosiła 46.9 lat. Wśród osób konsultowanych 41.99% stanowiły kobiety, 58.01% mężczyźni. Rozpoznania główne w ujęciu odsetkowym wszystkich konsultacji przedstawiały się następująco: F00-F09: 18,82%, F10-F19: 29,58%, F20-F29: 17,70%, F30-F39: 10,29%, F40-F48: 13,83%, F50-F59: 0,16%, F60-F69: 3,21%, F70-F79: 1,77%, F80-F89:0%, F90-F98: 1,01%,inne: 3,62%. Konsultacje odbywały się najczęściej na następujących oddziałach : Izba Przyjęc-13,21%,Szpitalny Oddział Ratunkowy-6,97%,Chirurgia-8,42%,Interna-6,51%,Neurologia-4,82%.

Wnioski

Najczęstszą przyczyną konsultacji były uzależnienia, następnie zaburzenia organiczne oraz zaburzenia psychotyczne, zaburzenia nerwicowe i afektywne. Konsultacje odbywały się najczęściej na Izbie Przyjęć /Szpitalnym Oddziale Ratunkowym, Chirurgii oraz Oddziale Wewnętrznym i Neurologii
Psychological and psychopathological factors in alopecia areata
Authors: Kuty-Pachecka Marta
Published: October 2015

Problematyka psychologicznych i psychopatologicznych aspektów łysienia plackowatego (alopecia areata) na gruncie polskim jest jeszcze słabo znana. Celem moich analiz w niniejszym artykule jest przedstawienie wyników przeglądu polskiej i zagranicznej literatury na temat występowania zaburzeń psychicznych u osób z rozpoznaniem choroby łysienia plackowatego oraz udziału czynników psychologicznych w etiologii choroby alopecia areata. Psychologiczne podłoże łysienia plackowatego zarówno u dzieci, jak i dorosłych często jest uwzględniane w patogenezie. Dokonując przeglądu przeprowadzonych badań na temat udziału czynników psychologicznych i podmiotowych w patogenezie i przebiegu choroby łysienia plackowatego, wskazuje się, że stres, sytuacje traumatyczne, takie jak: śmierć bliskiej osoby, rozwód, utrata pracy, czynniki osobowościowe, np. wysokie natężenie neurotyzmu, a także wysoki wskaźnik aleksytymii mogą wpływać na wywołanie, czas trwania i nasilenie choroby łysienia plackowatego. Okazuje się, że najczęściej występującymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi wśród osób z łysieniem plackowatym, są między innymi: depresja, podwyższony poziom lęku, zaburzenie lęku uogólnionego, fobia społeczna, dysmorfofobia, zespół stresu pourazowego, a także myśli samobójcze.
A Decision-Making Framework for Project Portfolio Planning at Intel Corporation
Authors: Sampath Siddhartha , Gel Esma S. , Fowler John W. , Kempf Karl G.
Published: October 2015

The work we describe addresses the problem of deciding between project-funding opportunities under budget and headcount constraints. Although the projects lead to products that yield revenue in the market, complex interactions between the projects and products make the selection of a portfolio difficult. Furthermore, the senior managers in the company have a wealth of business intuition that can inform the required decisions. We combine modeling, simulation, and optimization techniques to provide a set of the best portfolios possible from the proposed projects and resulting products. We also provide a rich set of analysis and visualization tools for the decision makers to use in exploring the suggested portfolios and applying their intuition to make the final selection. The resulting interplay between analytics and intuition produces better business solutions through a more focused and effective debate in a shorter time than previously achieved.
Asymmetric Bilateral Variations in the Musculocutaneous and Median Nerves with High Branching of Brachial Artery
Authors: Tomar Vandana , Wadhwa Surbhi
Published: October 2015

Brachial Plexus is formed by the union of the anterior rami of cervical 5, 6, 7, 8 and thoracic 1 nerves. These nerves unite and divide to form the key nerves innervating the upper limb. Variations in the course of these nerves are clinically important to anesthetists, neurologists and orthopedicians. We report bilateral variations in the arterial and neural structures in the upper limb of a 65 year old cadaver. The muscles of the arm on one side were innervated by the median nerve with absence of musculocutaneous. While on the other side the musculocutaneous nerve contributed to the formation of the median nerve. There was a presence of high bifurcation of brachial artery on both sides. Knowledge of such variations in the innervations of muscles and the arterial supply of the limbs are important to remember before performing any reconstructive procedures or interventions on the limb.
Stability and boundedness of solutions of a certain n-dimensional nonlinear delay differential system of third-order
Authors: Mahmoud Ayman M. , Tunç Cemil
Published: October 2015

In this paper, by defining Lyapunov functionals, we investigate proper sufficient conditions for the uniform stability of the zero solution, and also for the uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness of all solutions of a certain third-order nonlinear vector delay differential equation of the type
Quantification of β-region IgA monoclonal proteins – should we include immunochemical Hevylite® measurements? Point
Authors: Evans Josie A.R. , Jenner Ellen L. , Carr Smith Hugh D. , Berlanga Oscar , Harding Stephen J.
Published: October 2015

Accurate measurement of IgA monoclonal proteins presents a significant challenge to laboratory staff. IgA heavy/light chain (Hevylite, HLC) analysis is an alternative methodology for monoclonal protein assessment, giving an independent measure of IgAκ and IgAλ concentrations. Clonality is assessed by calculating the ratio of involved immunoglobulin to background uninvolved immunoglobulin concentrations (e.g. IgAκ/IgAλ in an IgAκ patient). Here we discuss the challenges faced by the laboratory in IgA monoclonal protein assessment, and compare the performance of Hevylite assays with electrophoresis and total IgA results. We present data which validates the use of Hevylite for response assessment: in most cases, Hevylite provides comparable response assignment to that provided by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and total IgA; in other cases Hevylite provides additional information, such as detection of residual disease or relapse.
Predicting the gender of Welsh nouns
Authors: Hammond Michael
Published: October 2015

Welsh grammatical gender exhibits several unusual properties. This paper argues that these properties are necessarily connected. The argument is based on a series of corpus investigations using techniques from statistical natural language processing, specifically distinguishing properties that exhibit significant statistical patterns from those which can be used to make useable predictions. Specifically, it’s shown that the grammatical properties of Welsh gender are such that its unusual statistical properties follow.
A case of hereditary novel mutation in SLC26A2 gene (c.1796 A.> C) identified in a couple with a fetus affected with atelosteogenesis type 2 phenotype in an antecedent pregnancy
Authors: Vikraman Seneesh Kumar , Balakrishnan Bijoy , Chandra Vipin , Batra Meenu , Kuriakose Rekha , Kannoly Gopinathan
Published: October 2015

Atelosteogenesis type 2 also known as atelosteogenesis de la Chapelle type, De la Chapelle dysplasia, McAlister dysplasia or neonatal osseous dysplasia 1 is an extremely lethal osteochondrodysplasia with unknown incidence. Very few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case with findings of prenatal ultrasound, autopsy and cytogenetic work up with report of a novel familial mutation.
The perils of protocols: acute phosphate nephropathy after intravenous phosphate replacement
Authors: Parmar Malvinder S.
Published: October 2015

Protocols are commonly used in the hospitals around the world and enable health care organizations to put evidence into practice and provide a framework for the management of the individual patient. Such standardization of practice is felt to reduce variations in practice and improve quality of care. However, the protocols have advantages and disadvantages. I present a case where activation of the protocols for “Electrolyte, phosphate and magnesium replacement” at the time of admission to the hospital, resulted in harm to the patient because of inappropriate timing of the test(s) with a resulting action to correct the expected laboratory abnormality. Timing of tests and administration of various medications including antibiotics in hospitalized dialysis patients is important, and both the physicians and the nursing staff require vigilance when requesting/performing tests and ordering/administering medications to dialysis patients.
The effect of temperature on the electrical characterization of a poly(phenoxy-imine)/p-silicon heterojunction
Authors: Demir Haci Ökkes , Caldıran Zakir , Meral Kadem , Şahin Yılmaz , Acar Murat , Aydogan Sakir
Published: October 2015

A poly(phenoxy-imine)/p-silicon rectifying device was fabricated and the current-voltage characteristics of the device were examined as a function of temperature in the 40–300 K range. The temperature dependence of the main parameters, namely, the barrier height (Φb), ideality factor (η), reverse current (I0) and series resistance (Rs), were investigated. It was seen that the Φb and the I0 values of the device increased with increasing temperature, while the η and the Rs values decreased. The temperature dependences of the Φb and the η were interpreted by the assumption of a Gaussian distribution of the barrier heights arising from barrier inhomogeneities that prevailed at the interface of the poly(phenoxyimine)/p-silicon. From ln(I0/T2) vs. 1/ηT plot, the values of the activation energy (Ea) and Richardson constant (A*) were calculated as 0.324 eV and 2.84×10-7 A cm-2K-2, respectively. The experimental value of the Rs from the forward current-voltage plots decreased with an increase in the temperature.
S4.3 and hereditarily extremally disconnected spaces
Authors: Bezhanishvili Guram , Bezhanishvili Nick , Lucero-Bryan Joel , van Mill Jan
Published: October 2015

The modal logic S4.3 defines the class of hereditarily extremally disconnected spaces (HED-spaces). We construct a countable HED-subspace
On Beauville structures for PSL2(q)
Authors: Garion Shelly
Published: October 2015

We characterize Beauville surfaces of unmixed type with group either
PSL2(pe
) or PSL2(pe
), thus extending previous results of
Bauer, Catanese and Grunewald, Fuertes and Jones, and Penegini and
the author.
“Finding Garrett”
Authors: Strom Madeline K. , Carroll Kathleen A. , Davis Garrett , Hultman William , Kosycarz Tess , Hayes Loren D.
Published: October 2015

Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution that leads to adaptations in species or populations. Phenotypes confer habitat-specific fitness consequences, which could lead to the evolution of similar strategies (convergence) or different strategies (divergence) within and across species. The evolution of communication is an example of convergent evolution in many cases. We describe a learning game that simulates the emergence of language and highlights differences between convergent and divergent evolution. With minor modifications, this game can also be used to illustrate phenotypic plasticity. During three preliminary trials, high school and university students representing different species developed novel strategies (languages) to solve the common problem of finding “Garrett,” a student who mimicked an essential resource. Naturally, there was a range of complexity and diversity among the strategies that emerged. We describe how the game can help illustrate evolutionary principles such as adaptation and natural selection.
Lipopolysaccharide enhances apoptosis of corpus luteum in isolated perfused bovine ovaries in vitro
Authors: Lüttgenau J , Möller B , Kradolfer D , Wellnitz O , Bruckmaier R M , Miyamoto A , Ulbrich S E , Bollwein H
Published: October 2015

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria, has detrimental effects on the structure and function of bovine corpus luteum (CL)in vivo. The objective was to investigate whether these effects were mediated directly by LPS orviaLPS-induced release of PGF2α. Bovine ovaries with a mid-cycle CL were collected immediately after slaughter and isolated perfused for 240 min. After 60 min of equilibration, LPS (0.5 μg/ml) was added to the medium of five ovaries, whereas an additional six ovaries were not treated with LPS (control). After 210 min of perfusion, all ovaries were treated with 500 iu of hCG. In the effluent perfusate, concentrations of progesterone (P4) and PGF2αwere measured every 10 and 30 min, respectively. Punch biopsies of the CL were collected every 60 min and used for RT-qPCR to evaluate mRNA expression of receptors for LPS (TLR2,-4) and LH (LHCGR); the cytokineTNFA; steroidogenic (STAR,HSD3B), angiogenic (VEGFA121,FGF2), and vasoactive (EDN1) factors; and factors of prostaglandin synthesis (PGES,PGFS,PTGFR) and apoptosis (CASP3,-8,-9). Treatment with LPS abolished the hCG-induced increase in P4(P≤0.05); however, there was a tendency (P=0.10) for increased release of PGF2αat 70 min after LPS challenge. Furthermore, mRNA abundance ofTLR2,TNFA,CASP3,CASP8,PGES,PGFS, andVEGFA121increased (P≤0.05) after LPS treatment, whereas all other factors remained unchanged (P>0.05). In conclusion, reduced P4responsiveness to hCG in LPS-treated ovariesin vitrowas not due to reduced steroidogenesis, but was attributed to enhanced apoptosis. However, an impact of luteal PGF2αcould not be excluded.
The Nature of Genetic Variation for Complex Traits Revealed by GWAS and Regional Heritability Mapping Analyses
Authors: Caballero Armando , Tenesa Albert , Keightley Peter D
Published: October 2015

We use computer simulations to investigate the amount of genetic variation for complex traits that can be revealed by single-SNP genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or regional heritability mapping (RHM) analyses based on full genome sequence data or SNP chips. We model a large population subject to mutation, recombination, selection, and drift, assuming a pleiotropic model of mutations sampled from a bivariate distribution of effects of mutations on a quantitative trait and fitness. The pleiotropic model investigated, in contrast to previous models, implies that common mutations of large effect are responsible for most of the genetic variation for quantitative traits, except when the trait is fitness itself. We show that GWAS applied to the full sequence increases the number of QTL detected by as much as 50% compared to the number found with SNP chips but only modestly increases the amount of additive genetic variance explained. Even with full sequence data, the total amount of additive variance explained is generally below 50%. Using RHM on the full sequence data, a slightly larger number of QTL are detected than by GWAS if the same probability threshold is assumed, but these QTL explain a slightly smaller amount of genetic variance. Our results also suggest that most of the missing heritability is due to the inability to detect variants of moderate effect (∼0.03–0.3 phenotypic SDs) segregating at substantial frequencies. Very rare variants, which are more difficult to detect by GWAS, are expected to contribute little genetic variation, so their eventual detection is less relevant for resolving the missing heritability problem.
Incidence and Characteristics of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Jiménez-Rivera Carolina , Ling Simon C. , Ahmed Najma , Yap Jason , Aglipay Mary , Barrowman Nick , Graitson Samantha , Critch Jeff , Rashid Mohsin , Ng Vicky L. , Roberts Eve A. , Brill Herbert , Dowhaniuk Jenna K. , Bruce Garth , Bax Kevin , Deneau Mark , Guttman Orlee R. , Schreiber Richard A. , Martin Steven , Alvarez Fernando
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive inflammatory liver disease of unknown etiology, with limited population-based estimates of pediatric incidence. We reported the incidence of pediatric AIH in Canada and described its clinical characteristics.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients aged <18 years diagnosed with AIH between 2000–2009 at all pediatric centers in Canada.

RESULTS:

A total of 159 children with AIH (60.3% female, 13.2% type 2 AIH) were identified. Annual incidence was 0.23 per 100000 children. Median age at presentation for type 1 was 12 years (interquartile range: 11–14) versus 10 years for type 2 (interquartile range: 4.5–13) (P = .03). Fatigue (58%), jaundice (54%), and abdominal pain (49%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Serum albumin (33 vs 38 g/L; P = .03) and platelet count (187 000 vs 249 000; P <.001) were significantly lower and the international normalized ratio (1.4 vs 1.2; P <.001) was higher in cirrhotic versus noncirrhotic patients. Initial treatment included corticosteroids (80%), azathioprine (32%), and/or cyclosporine (13%). Response to treatment at 1 year was complete in 90%, and partial in 3%. 3% of patients had no response, and 3% responded and later relapsed. Nine patients underwent liver transplantation, and 4 patients died at a mean follow-up of 4 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

AIH is uncommon in children and adolescents in Canada. Type 1 AIH was diagnosed 5.5 times more frequently than type 2 AIH. Most patients respond well to conventional therapy, diminishing the need for liver transplantation.
Description of a nest of Euglossa heterosticta from Peru, with taxonomic notes (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Rasmussen Claus , Sánchez Evelyn , Skov Charlotte
Published: October 2015

The nest of Euglossa (Euglossa) heterosticta Moure is described as the first aerial nest in the otherwise cavity-nesting purpurea-group.  Associated adult males and females emerged from the nest permitting taxonomic notes to be provided for the heretofore unknown female of E. heterosticta.
UM OLHAR SOBRE O ARQUIVO INDÍGENA DA DIOCESE DE RORAIMA
Authors: Pereira dos Santos Laiana , Farias dos Santos Bernardo
Published: October 2015

Este artigo é fruto de inúmeras reflexões e questionamentos acerca de um local importante para a pesquisa na área indígena: o Arquivo Indígena da Diocese de Roraima. Pensar as fontes e onde elas estão guardadas é um grande desafio para qualquer pesquisador. Ao conhecermos o Arquivo Indígena da Diocese de Roraima levantamos inúmeras indagações sobre este lugar, mas nem todas foram respondidas. Este trabalho visa fazer uma breve descrição do Arquivo Indígena da Diocese de Roraima, das fontes disponibilizadas neste local e a partir daí problematizá- lo. Historicamente, a necessidade da criação deste arquivo foi ao encontro com o momento que o século XIX vinha passando, onde a Antropologia acreditava que a cultura indígena era imutável e tinha que ser pura, e havendo o contato com não-índios ou ditos “brancos” a cultura se perderia e seria extinta havendo a aculturação e perda de identidade étnica. Nessa perspectiva, a Igreja Católica em Roraima fez a guarda de todas as fontes que se referiam aos povos indígenas, pois se um dia essa cultura acabasse eles guardariam ao menos as fontes escritas. A partir dessa premissa é que nasce o Arquivo Indígena da Diocese de Roraima em 1907, funcionando até aos dias atuais na Prelazia e contando com uma grande massa documental composta por Atas, Relatórios de Assembléias, Cartas, Processos, Fotografias, Jornais, Relatos de índios, Boletins, Livros, Dicionários na língua materna, entre outros; fontes essas que merecem atenção dos pesquisadores uma vez que elas constituem parte da Historiografia de Roraima.
Apresentação
Authors: Gianezini Miguelangelo , Vieira Adriana Carvalho Pinto
Published: October 2015

Apresentação
Mudança tecnológica ou inércia: uma análise comparativa internacional com vistas ao caso brasileiro
Authors: Caiazza Rosa , Ebeling Francisco , Ferrara Graziella
Published: October 2015

Tomando como ponto de partida a perspectiva neoinstitucionalista de que a dependência da trajetória afeta o curso de difusão de inovações tecnológicas, nós investigamos que fatores levam à mudança ou à inércia tecnológica. Perseguindo este objetivo, apresentamos um quadro geral capaz de identificar o papel dos policy-makers de afetar processos de difusão de inovações tecnológicas.
Agroindústria familiar e políticas públicas no extremo sul do Brasil
Authors: Sacco dos Anjos Flávio , Velleda Caldas Nádia , De Oliveira Cínta
Published: October 2015

O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de abordar o impacto das políticas públicas de incentivo à produção artesanal no extremo sul do Brasil. Trata-se de estudo baseado em entrevistas realizadas com agricultores familiares de municípios da região de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo mostrou que as políticas públicas são bastante fragmentadas e desarticuladas entre si. Esse e outros aspectos são decisivos para manter o estado de clandestinidade em que se encontra imersa a maior parte das agroindústrias nesta parte do Brasil.
First case report of Oestrus ovis in horns of goat despite the healthy sinuses and nasal passages with its morphological study from Iran
Authors: Hasheminasab Seyed Sajjad , Talvar Hadi Mohamadi , Wright Ian
Published: October 2015

Oestrus ovis larvae, Linnaeus 1761 (Diptera: Oestridae) are obligatory parasites of the nasal cavity and sinuses of sheep and goats in many parts of the world. After inspection of a slaughtered goat in Kalat Naderi region in Mashhad (East of Iran) in 2012, 25 larvae were observed within the horns without any larvae being present in the sinuses. The larvae were identified morphologically as those of Oestrus ovis. Oestrosis is a widespread myiasis which may severely impair the health of small ruminants. Oestrus ovis larvae are also responsible for causing human ophthalmomyiasis, and this infection is often misdiagnosed as acute conjunctivitis. Oestrus ovis is an economically important parasite of nasal cavities and the adjoining sinuses in sheep and goats worldwide. It causes losses in meat, wool and milk production. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first recorded case of horn infestation in goats by the larvae of Oestrus ovis in Iran without the sinuses being affected.
Winning in Acquisitions and Divestitures: Advice to Young Professionals in a Changing Company Landscape
Authors: Dang Angela , Rogers Andy
Published: October 2015

Technical Leaders

Andy Rogers, vice president of business development at Encana, shares his thoughts on the current state of the industry and provides career advice to young professionals amid the acquisitions and divestitures (A&D) landscape.

The low commodity prices of 2015 have left some companies financially challenged and others with opportunities for business growth by means of A&Ds. For young professionals working in the industry, this can mean many things, such as the opportunity to work in a new asset or technology area, changing career streams, and even the opportunity to return to school.

Professionals are always looking to “work the right asset.” One does not necessarily want to be working an asset that might be divested by a company. Conversely, one does not necessarily want to work at a company that might be acquired by another company. What are some indicators that the asset on which one is working may be acquired or divested?

At the working level, you are probably not in tune with the strategic decisions that executive level managers are making. However, if you pay attention to the company’s strategic messages, you can potentially identify the direction in which the company is headed.

For example if your company has sent out a strategic plan to “balance their strategic mix,” it is a good indicator that the company is trying to be oilier or gassier, depending on its current portfolio. If the company is trying to become oilier, it does not take a genius to figure out that the company has to sell its gassier assets and/or aggressively develop or buy more oil assets. That is one of the more obvious scenarios one can identify.

Alternatively, keeping up with the headlines allows you to identify whether or not a company is financially stressed. Clearly, there have to be some changes in order for that company to continue to survive. In that situation, likely the company will have to sell some assets to sure up their balance sheet.

Can there be winners and losers when it comes to A&D?

There is only one case where there is a clear winner and loser. In a majority of cases, the goal is a win-win scenario for both the divesting and acquiring company. If you think about why people sell assets, there are probably three or four reasons to engage in a mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transaction.
14C Ages of the Last Eruptive Stage of Faial Island Caldeira Volcano
Authors: Pacheco J M
Published: October 2015

Faial is one of the nine islands that form the Azores archipelago in the North Atlantic, characterized by a complex geodynamic setting dominated by the triple point where the North American, Eurasian, and African lithospheric plates meet (Figure 1).
King David's City at Khirbet Qeiyafa: Results of the Second Radiocarbon Dating Project
Authors: Garfinkel Yosef , Streit Katharina , Ganor Saar , Reimer Paula J
Published: October 2015

Seventeen samples of burnt olive pits discovered inside a jar in the destruction layer of the Iron Age city of Khirbet Qeiyafa were analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating. Of these, four were halved and sent to two different laboratories to minimize laboratory bias. The dating of these samples is ~1000 BC. Khirbet Qeiyafa is currently the earliest known example of a fortified city in the Kingdom of Judah and contributes direct evidence to the heated debate on the biblical narrative relating to King David. Was he the real historical ruler of an urbanized state-level society in the early 10th century BC or was this level of social development reached only at the end of the 8th century BC? We can conclude that there were indeed fortified centers in the Davidic kingdom from the studies presented. In addition, the dating of Khirbet Qeiyafa has far-reaching implications for the entire Levant. The discovery of Cypriot pottery at the site connects the 14C datings to Cyprus and the renewal of maritime trade between the island and the mainland in the Iron Age. A stone temple model from Khirbet Qeiyafa, decorated with triglyphs and a recessed doorframe, points to an early date for the development of this typical royal architecture of the Iron Age Levant.
Geoarchaeological Perspectives on the “Millennial Series” of Earthquakes in the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington, USA
Authors: Hutchinson Ian
Published: October 2015

Surface-breaking ruptures on shallow crustal faults in the southern Puget Lowland in western Washington State about a millennium ago prompted abrupt changes in land level and triggered tsunamis in Puget Sound. The displacement on the Seattle fault most likely occurred in the 1050–1020 cal BP interval. Structures further south (the Tacoma and Olympia faults, and one or more faults in the southern Hood Canal zone) ruptured at about the same time, or slightly earlier. The low frequency of radiocarbon ages from archaeological sites in the region in the aftermath of the “millennial series” of earthquakes, when compared to bootstrapped samples from a database of 1255 ages from the Pacific Northwest as a whole, suggests that these very large earthquakes had significant socioeconomic consequences. The cultural record from coastal archaeological sites shows that although survivors camped on the shore in the aftermath, many coastal villages appear to have been abandoned, and were not reoccupied for several centuries. There is little evidence, however, to suggest that people migrated from southern Puget Sound to neighboring areas, and no evidence of social conflict in the adjacent areas that might have served as havens.
Prehistoric Mortuary Practices and the Constitution of Social Relationships: Implications of the First Radiocarbon Dates from Maski on the Occupational History of a South India “Type Site”
Authors: Bauer Andrew M , Johansen Peter G
Published: October 2015

In 1954, B K Thapar excavated the multicomponent site of Maski (Raichur District, Karnataka) to establish an archaeological sequence for the southern Deccan region of India. Thapar identified four major periods of occupation, now known as the Neolithic (3000–1200 BC), Iron Age (1200–300 BC), Early Historic (300 BC to AD 500), and the Medieval periods (AD 500–1600). Renewed research at the site by the Maski Archaeological Research Project (F.1/8/2009-EE) has investigated the development of social differences and inequalities in south Indian prehistory. This article reports the first ever radiocarbon assays from habitation and megalithic burial contexts in the vicinity of Maski. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates of charcoal sampled from exposed occupational strata on Maski's Durgada Gudda hill and subsequent Bayesian analyses indicate that the site was extensively occupied during the 14th century AD, corroborating interpretations of numismatic and inscriptional materials. Associated artifacts with these 14C samples have significant implications for recognizing late Medieval period ceramics and occupation in the region. AMS assays of four charcoal samples from exposed megalithic burials just south of the Durgada Gudda hill, similar to those recognized by Thapar, indicate that burial practices commonly attributed to the Iron Age predate the period, and thus are not precise chronological markers. However, the results also suggest that megalithic burial practices became more labor intensive during the Iron Age, creating a cultural context for the generation of new forms of social affiliations and distinctions through differential participation in the production of commemorative places.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension Among Male Police Personnel in Urban Puducherry, India
Authors: Ganesh KS , Naresh AGV , Bammigatti C
Published: October 2015

Background Hypertension is an important health issue among high risk occupation groups like police personnel.Objective To assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among male police personnel.Method This cross sectional study was conducted among male police personnel residing in urban Puducherry, India. Data on blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, demographic factors, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, stress level, obesity and dietary factors were collected by interview technique using a standard questionnaire.Result About 296 police personnel were participated. Most of them belonged to the age group of 25-39 years (68%). The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was 37.8% and 34.5% respectively. Among those with hypertension, 56.86% (58/102) were known hypertensives and 43.13% (44/102) were newly diagnosed. Age group of 50-59 years (AOR=8.472) and 40-49 years (AOR=8.15), currently using alcohol (AOR=1.797), less than 7 servings of fruits in a week (AOR=3.228), moderate stress level (AOR=2.374) and waist circumference more than 90 cm (AOR=4.937) were associated with higher prevalence of hypertension among police personnel.Conclusion Hypertension among Police personnel is comparatively higher than general population in this area. Reduction in alcohol use, increase in fruit servings along with other lifestyle modification measures may help in prevention and control of hypertension.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(4) 2014; 242-246
Barriers in Utilization of Maternal Health Care Services: Perceptions of Rural Women in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Lama S , Krishna AKI
Published: October 2015

Background Nepal is promoting safe motherhood through maternity incentives schemes. Still about two-thirds of births take place at home. Inadequate access to health care and under utilization of services is the major reasons for poor health of women and children.Objectives The study aim to explore the barriers in utilization of maternal health care services in eastern Nepal specifically to explore the reasons for not availing the services and to assess the indigenous practices regarding maternal health.Methods An exploratory study design was adopted to elicit the information from the selected respondents from different villages. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted. Data was transcribed and analyzed manually to identify themes.Results The barriers to maternal health care service utilization were identified as social factors like family pressure, superstition, shyness, misconception, negligence, illiteracy, alcoholism. Likewise, large family size, jobless, unnecessary expenditure on health services was identified as economic barrier. Some cultural practices were also found as barrier for not availing the health services.Conclusion The study explored factors that are contributing in not availing the maternal health care services. The elimination of these barriers will facilitate quality of care and health outcomes. Therefore, the interventions should be developed and implemented to improve the health status of women and children. The result of this study can be utilized to draw the attention of local government, in strategic planning related to maternal health interventions.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(4) 2014; 253-258
Has Oxidative Stress any Role on Mechanisms of Aminophylline – Induced Seizures? An Animal Study
Authors: Roy UK , Pal M , Datta S , Harlalka S
Published: October 2015

Background Aminophylline can trigger seizures in patients without known underlying epilepsy or added risk factor for seizure exacerbation in epilepsy. Most of these seizures are difficult to control and are underappreciated compared to other drug toxicities. Despite a long clinical history of aminophylline-induced seizures, relatively little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to methylxanthine-induced seizure generation.Objective The present study evaluated the possible involvement of free radicals in aminophylline induced seizures in rat.Method The rats were divided into two groups. The first group graded single doses of aminophylline from 100 to 300 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally. On the basis of the results Aminophylline, a dose (300 mg/kg) producing tonic-clonic seizures and mortality in 100% animals was selected as control in the study. The second group were subjected to single antioxidant (Vitamin E or Vitamin C) or in combination for 45 days then single doses of aminophylline 300 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally to rats.Result Aminophylline induced convulsions in rats in a dose-dependent manner, and both incidence of seizure and mortality were maximum at 300 mg/kg and there was significant increase of free radical generation. But though pre-treatment with antioxidants showed differential attenuating effects on aminophylline induced free radical generation as we all known but they were very much ineffective in antagonizing aminophylline induced seizures and post-seizure mortality by any appreciable extent.Conclusion Though Aminophylline induces oxidative stress the results are suggestive that at least free radicals is not only cause of convulsiogenic effects and post-seizure mortality of aminophylline.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(4) 2014; 269-274
Celiac Crisis Presenting with Refractory Hypokalemia and Bleeding Diathesis
Authors: Mehta S , Jain J , Mulye S
Published: October 2015

Celiac disease is an immune mediated disorder elicited by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible person and associated with some HLA subtypes. It is characterized by chronic inflammation of small intestine associated with villous atrophy. Symptoms usually appear when weaning from breast milk is done and gluten is introduced in diet. Failures to thrive, chronic diarrhea, vomiting abdominal distension are usual symptoms. Celiac crisis is rare but well known complication of celiac disease presenting with various systemic and metabolic manifestations like hypokalemia, hyponatremia, shock and bleeding diathesis. Celiac crisis usually has some underlying precipitating factor and is more common in patient with noncompliance with gluten free diet. We report a case of 14 year and three months old female child, a known case of celiac disease having the poor compliance with gluten free diet, presenting in celiac crisis with shock, refractory hypokalemia and bleeding diathesis.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(4) 2014; 296-297
The World is Changing and Along with it the World of Dermatology
Authors: Pal GS
Published: October 2015

Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 1-2
Association of Ambient Air Quality with Male’s Pulmonary Function in Kolkata City, India
Authors: Chatterjee P , Das P
Published: October 2015

Background Kolkata is one of the polluted metropolitan cities in India where health effects of air pollution are raising serious concern.Objectives Purpose of the present study was to analyze association between levels of air pollutants and pulmonary function of adult males living in two different air pollutant zones of Kolkata.Methods Air pollution data of two ambient air quality monitoring stations located at Rabindrabharati and Victoria Memorial was collected from West Bengal Pollution Control Board, Kolkata for the period from January to March 2012. Study was conducted on 200 males (17-22 yrs), subdivided into two groups from living within 3 km radius of that two monitoring stations. They were investigated for their spirometric lung functions following method and technique recommended by American Thoracic Society. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and independent samples T test was conducted to compare between groups.Results PM10, SO2 concentrations were significantly higher in Rabindrabharati zone, whereas no significant differences were noted in NO2 and CO concentrations though values were higher at Rabindrabharati than Victoria Memorial. FVC, FEV1 , FEF25-75%, MVV were significantly lower in males of Rabindrabharati zone.Conclusion Exposure to high air pollutant concentration might be associated with reduced pulmonary function in adult males.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 24-28
A Cross-Sectional Study of Medication Adherence Pattern and Factors Affecting the Adherence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Shrestha R , Pant A , Shakya Shrestha S , Shrestha B , Gurung RB , Karmacharya BM
Published: October 2015

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered as a major health problem, associated with mortality and morbidities. Various disease management strategies have been established to optimize patient’s longevity and functional status where patient adherence to the prescribed treatment plays a key role. Poor adherence to medication is common among COPD patients and is affected by number of factors like number of medicines, delivery devices and patient-related factors.Objective This study aims to investigate the adherence pattern in the management of COPD and factors affecting patient adherence to the prescribed treatment.Method This study is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Those patients suffering from COPD of all age were enrolled in this study and prior informed consent was obtained from patients. The structured questionnaire was used to interview those patients.Result Total 100 patients were enrolled in this study, among which most patients (45%) were of age groups 60-70 years. Unintentional non-adherence to medication attributed for 65% of patients and the major reason was forgetfulness (52.3%). Most patients had discontinued the medication due to experience of side effects (63.3%). The result showed significant association between adherence and polypharmacy (p=0.00). However, there was no significant association between adherence and age, sex, mode of administration of drugs, technics to use delivery devices etc.Conclusion Majority of COPD patients were elderly (mean age= 68.4 years). Forgetfulness was associated with medication non-adherence. Most of the patients had discontinued medication because of side effects. Polypharmacy is one of the major factors associated with non-adherence to medication in COPD.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 64-70