bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Six new Dinotrema species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Spain, with prescutellar pit and medially sculptured propodeum
Authors: PERIS-FELIPO FRANCISCO JAVIER , BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A. , JIMÉNEZ-PEYDRÓ RICARDO
Published: August 2013

Descriptions of six new species of the genus Dinotrema from Spain with smooth or only medially sculptured propodeum are provided. The new species described are: D. achterbergi sp. nov., D. broadi sp. nov., D. enanum sp. nov., D. fischerianum sp. nov., D. munki sp. nov. and D. pappi sp. nov.
A new genus and species of Planopinae (Xenarthra: Tardigrada) from the Miocene of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina
Authors: CARLINI ALFREDO A. , BRANDONI DIEGO , MOLIN CARLOS N. DAL
Published: August 2013

Prepoplanops boleadorensis, a new genus and species of Planopinae (Xenarthra, Tardigrada), is described herein. The new taxon is based on a nearly complete specimen recovered from the Cerro Boleadoras Formation (Miocene, Río Zeballos Group), in northwestern Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The shape and length of the predentary region of the skull and the length of the diastema of Prepoplanops boleadorensis differ from those present in the species of Planops. The posterolateral opening of the mandibular canal and the position of the posterior margin of the mandibular symphysis differ from those of species of Prepotherium. In addition, Prepoplanops boleadorensis differs from Planops martini in the size of the humeral tuberosities, the development of the deltoid crest, the position of the distal margin of the humeral trochlea, the shape and position of the olecranon, the development of the femoral epicondyles, and the shape of the medial margins of the patellar trochlea and medial condyle. On the other hand, it differs from Prepotherium potens in the shape of the medial margin of the medial condyle. The recognition of Prepoplanops boleadorensis increases the diversity of Planopinae for the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina.
The larva of Psilopteryx psorosa (Kolenati 1860) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with notes on ecology and zoogeography
Authors: WARINGER JOHANN , GRAF WOLFRAM , MALICKY HANS
Published: August 2013

The paper gives a description of the hitherto unknown larva of Psilopteryx psorosa (Kolenati 1860), subspecies bohemosaxonica Mey & Botosaneanu 1985 (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae: Limnephilini, Chaetopterygina; Vshivkova et al. 2007). Information on the morphology of the larva is given and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. In the context of already available keys, the larva of P. psorosa bohemosaxonica keys together with Pseudopsilopteryx zimmeri (McLachlan 1876), Chaetopteryx fusca Brauer 1857 and C. villosa (Fabricius 1798). Psilopteryx psorosa is not yet separable from P. zimmeri but may be easily separated from the two Chaetopteryx species by the median fusion of setal groups sa1 at the first abdominal sternum in P. psorosa which is lacking in C. fusca and C. villosa. With respect to distribution, P. psorosa bohemosaxonica is present in the Bohemian Forest and the Erzgebirge (Upper Austria, Czech Republic, and Germany). In addition, ecological characteristics are briefly discussed.
Modeling Wet Snow Accretion on Power Lines: Improvements to Previous Methods Using 50 Years of Observations
Authors: Kringlebotn Nygaard Bjørn Egil , Ágústsson Hálfdán , Somfalvi-Tóth Katalin
Published: August 2013

Methods to model wet snow accretion on structures are developed and improved, based on unique records of wet snow icing events as well as large datasets of observed and simulated weather. Hundreds of observed wet snow icing events are logged in detail in an icing database, most of which include an estimate of the mean and maximum diameter of observed icing on overhead power conductors. Observations of weather are furthermore available from a dense network of weather stations. The existing models for wet snow accretion on a standard cylinder are updated with realistic values for the terminal fall speed of wet snowflakes together with a snowflake liquid fraction–based criterion to identify wet snow. The widely used parameterization of the sticking efficiency is found to strongly underestimate the accretion rate. A calibrated parameterization of the sticking efficiency is suggested on the basis of long-term statistics of observed and modeled wet snow loads. Application of the improved method is demonstrated in a high-resolution simulation for a case of observed widespread and intensive wet snow icing in south Iceland. The results form a basis for mapping the climatology of wet snow icing in the complex terrain of Iceland as well as for preparing operational forecasts of wet snow icing and severe weather for overhead power transmission lines in complex terrain.
Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Community Earth System Model [CESM1(BGC)]: Comparison of the 1990s with the 2090s under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 Scenarios
Authors: Moore J. Keith , Lindsay Keith , Doney Scott C. , Long Matthew C. , Misumi Kazuhiro
Published: August 2013

The authors compare Community Earth System Model results to marine observations for the 1990s and examine climate change impacts on biogeochemistry at the end of the twenty-first century under two future scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Late-twentieth-century seasonally varying mixed layer depths are generally within 10 m of observations, with a Southern Ocean shallow bias. Surface nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations exhibit positive biases at low latitudes and negative biases at high latitudes. The volume of the oxygen minimum zones is overestimated.

The impacts of climate change on biogeochemistry have similar spatial patterns under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, but perturbation magnitudes are larger under RCP8.5. Increasing stratification leads to weaker nutrient entrainment and decreased primary and export production (>30% over large areas). The global-scale decreases in primary and export production scale linearly with the increases in mean sea surface temperature. There are production increases in the high nitrate, low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions, driven by lateral iron inputs from adjacent areas. The increased HNLC export partially compensates for the reductions in non-HNLC waters (~25% offset). Stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions and climate by the end of this century (as in RCP4.5) will minimize the changes to nutrient cycling and primary production in the oceans. In contrast, continued increasing emission of CO2(as in RCP8.5) will lead to reduced productivity and significant modifications to ocean circulation and biogeochemistry by the end of this century, with more drastic changes beyond the year 2100 as the climate continues to rapidly warm.
Urbanization Impact on Temperature Change in China with Emphasis on Land Cover Change and Human Activity
Authors: Li Yan , Zhu Lijuan , Zhao Xinyi , Li Shuangcheng , Yan Yan
Published: August 2013

The impact of urbanization on temperature trends in China was investigated with emphasis on two aspects of urbanization, land cover change, and human activity. A new station classification scheme was developed to incorporate these two aspects by utilizing land cover and energy consumption data. Observation temperature data of 274 stations and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis temperature from 1979 to 2010 were used in conducting the observation minus reanalysis (OMR) method to detect urban influence. Results indicated that nearly half of the stations in the study area have been converted from nonurban to urban stations as a result of land cover change associated with urban expansion. It was determined that both land cover change and human activity play important roles in temperature change and contribute to the observed warming, particularly in urbanized stations, where the highest amount of warming was detected. Urbanized stations showed higher OMR temperature trends than those of unchanged stations. In addition, a statistically significant positive relationship was detected between human activity and temperature trends, which suggests that the observed warming is closely related to the intensity and spatial extent of human activity. In fact, the urbanization effect is strongly affected by specific characteristics of urbanization in local and regional scales.
Probabilistic Evaluation of the Dynamics and Prediction of Supertyphoon Megi (2010)
Authors: Qian Chuanhai , Zhang Fuqing , Green Benjamin W. , Zhang Jin , Zhou Xiaqiong
Published: August 2013

Supertyphoon Megi was the most intense tropical cyclone (TC) of 2010. Megi tracked westward through the western North Pacific and crossed the Philippines on 18 October. Two days later, Megi made a sharp turn to the north, an unusual track change that was not forecast by any of the leading operational centers. This failed forecast was a consequence of exceptionally large uncertainty in the numerical guidance—including the operational ensemble of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)—at various lead times before the northward turn. This study uses The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble dataset to examine the uncertainties in the track forecast of the ECMWF operational ensemble. The results show that Megi's sharp turn is sensitive to its own movement in the early period, the size and structure of the storm, the strength and extent of the western Pacific subtropical high, and an approaching eastward-moving midlatitude trough. In particular, a larger TC (in addition to having a stronger beta effect) may lead to a stronger erosion of the southwestern extent of the subtropical high, which will subsequently lead to an earlier and sharper northward turn.
“You’re Moving a Frickin’ Big Ship”
Authors: Fredman Amy J. , Schultz Nicole J. , Hoffman Mary F.
Published: August 2013

Scholars have become more attentive to lesbian/gay/bisexual/transsexual/queer/questioning (LGBTQ) topics as queer perspectives become increasingly prevalent in middle and high school environments. This study examines how educators navigate social and academic environments in order to incorporate inclusive pedagogical practices and cultivate safe schools for LGBTQ students. Tenets of structuration theory and heteronormativity are used to analyze interview data in order to unveil the heteronormative structures of schools and the production and reproduction of values that support or challenge these systems. Findings reveal that educators define the “rules” present in their schools systems, evaluate the potential risks in violating these rules, and negotiate their perceived role in the midst of these rules and risks. Implications include actions designed to facilitate educator efforts to address LGBTQ topics in schools in order to advance student welfare.
A data-processing approach for exploring water-use maneuver of high-rise building
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Wong Eric SW , Zhu Zuojin
Published: August 2013

Recognizing high-rise building water-use maneuver should be helpful for developing some practical strategies when indoor room space safety becomes a crucial feature in the building operation. This paper presents a data-processing approach for exploring the water-use maneuver of high-rise building. This approach combines the empirical mode decomposition and statistical analysis to process the mezzanine-floor air-pressure data measured in the drainage stack system of Li Ka-Shing building at PolyU of Hong Kong on 28th of April of 2008. Because the mezzanine-floor air-pressure signals in the building drainage system are recorded within about 10 hours with a recording rate of one signal per second, data re-sampling is obviously needed. Otherwise, the direct application of empirical mode decomposition should be unavailable because the mezzanine-floor air-pressure data are too massive. Statistical analysis is further encompassed after the empirical mode decomposition to seek the influences of re-sampling time interval and the empirical mode decomposition index so that the building water-use maneuver can be understood in detail.

Practical application: From the viewpoint of Building Services Engineering, any occupied space should be safeguarded, because the depletions of the trap seals 1 and the bathroom floor drain traps 2 can result in cross-contamination via the drainage system. This suggests that it is crucial to investigate building water-use maneuver when indoor room space safety becomes urgent. To explore the water-use maneuver, an indirect way is by analyzing the mezzanine-floor air-pressure in the drainage stack system in terms of an appropriate approach. Since the mezzanine-floor air-pressure in the drainage stack system of an 18-floor building, i.e. Li Ka-Shing building at PolyU of Hong Kong has been recorded, 3 it can be used to propose the water-use maneuver approach which is helpful for developing some practical strategies for indoor room space safety when the safety should be carefully and urgently faced.
Future climate change and building energy demand in Tianjin, China
Authors: Li Mingcai , Guo Jun , Tian Zhe , Shi Jun , Xiong Mingming , Xiang Cao
Published: August 2013

This paper concerns the impacts of future climate change under two forcing scenarios on energy demand of commercial building and residential buildings with different energy-saving levels in Tianjin. Heating load of commercial building will decrease under the two scenarios in the next 90 years but increase of cooling load is found. All residential buildings will decrease heating load in the future 90 years. In particular, the decreasing rate of energy demand during 2011–2100 by the residential building slows down from the first- to the third-stage energy-saving levels. Additionally, the difference in energy demand between the two scenarios becomes smaller as the energy-saving level increases. These suggest that higher energy-saving levels are beneficial for decreasing not only energy consumption but also its sensitivity to climate change.

Practical application: Climate change in the future causes the large and significant increase in cooling energy demand but decrease in heating energy demand. This would be helpful for the adjustment of energy use strategy by government. Also, the possible changes in future energy demands for heating and cooling will be of interest to energy providers. The responses of heating energy demand to the future climate change show large difference among the residential buildings with different energy-saving levels. This will provide useful information for policy makers and building industry managers on how to make appropriate measures keep occupants comfort and reduce energy use.
Energy audit and air-conditioning system renovation analysis on office buildings using air-source heat pump in Shanghai
Authors: Han Xing , Chen Jianbo , Huang Chen , Weng Wenbing , Wang Lihui , Niu Runping
Published: August 2013

In the past, the building energy consumption was surveyed without distinction of air-conditioning system types, which caused large dispersal of the energy consumption of the same building type. To study energy consumption of office buildings using air-source heat pump, six office buildings using air-source heat pump in Shanghai were investigated through energy audit and field test. The energy use intensity (EUI) per annum ranged from 102 to 139 kWh/m2, with an average value of 126 kWh/m2. The EUI range of office buildings using air-source heat pump is much smaller than the EUI of office buildings according to the literature. Based on field test of the air-conditioning (A/C) system, it was found that the present main problem of A/C system included insufficient refrigeration capacity of A/C system, low A/C system energy efficiency, and small cold water temperature difference. Countermeasures were brought forward to solve the problems, including ① retrofitting part of the present air-source heat pumps to water-cooled cold water air-conditioners, ② retrofitting present air-source heat pumps into new air-source heat pumps, and ④ pump variable frequency renovation. The A/C load is estimated by Bin method. According to the case study in this paper, the pay back period are about two years for the first measure, five to seven years for the second measure, and 0.65–2 years for the third measure.

Practical application: Generally, the energy consumption survey gives a wide range of data. To some extent, it is caused by the survey method which does not take the air-conditioning type into consideration. The work stresses on the energy consumption of office buildings using air-source heat pump. The result showed that the energy consumption was in a relatively small range, which will be more meaningful to industry. Energy saving measures concerning air-conditioning system is studied on the basis of the survey.
The influence of attachment security on preschool children’s empathic concern
Authors: Murphy Tia Panfile , Laible Deborah J.
Published: August 2013

The current study examined the direction of the association between children’s attachment security and empathic responding. At 42 and 48 months of age, 69 children’s empathic concern was observed, and mothers reported the children’s attachment. Results indicated that attachment at 42 months predicted empathic concern at 48 months even after controlling for the influence of previous empathic concern. Similar analyses to predict attachment at 48 months from previous empathic concern were not significant, implying that a secure attachment predicted empathic concern and not the reverse. The findings suggest that a secure attachment relationship might be one context in which children learn to respond empathically to others.
Standardized Uptake Value and Resection Margin Involvement Predict Outcomes in pN0 Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Joo Young‐Hoon , Yoo Ie‐Ryung , Cho Kwang‐Jae , Park Jun‐Ook , Nam In‐Chul , Kim Min‐Sik
Published: August 2013

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors of patients with pathologically negative lymph node (pN0) head and neck cancer.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

College medical center.

Subjects and Methods

The medical records of 120 patients were reviewed. Primary tumor sites included 46 larynx, 45 oral cavity, 17 oropharynx, and 12 hypopharynx.

Results

The recurrence rate was 14% (17/120) over a mean observation period of 33 months. Median 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax; using 8.5 as a cutoff; P =. 001), positive surgical margins (P =. 005), and pathologic T stage (P =. 012) were found to be associated with recurrence. The 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate (DSSR) in our cohort was 86%. Patients with an SUVmax value higher than 8.5 and positive surgical margins had significantly decreased 5‐year DSSR based on Kaplan‐Meier survival curves. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the significant association between median SUVmax (using 8.5 as a cutoff; hazard ratio [HR], 6.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.79‐20.93; P =. 004) and margin involvement (HR, 4.98; 95% CI, 1.42‐17.47; P =. 012).

Conclusion

A median 18F‐FDG PET/CT SUVmax cutoff values of 8.5 or greater and positive surgical margins were associated with adverse outcomes in patients with pN0 head and neck cancer.
Sequential Value-of-Information Assessment for Prospective Drug Safety Monitoring Using Claims Databases
Authors: Patrick Amanda R. , Franklin Jessica M. , Weinstein Milton C. , Glynn Robert J. , Schneeweiss Sebastian
Published: August 2013

Background. Key to conducting active drug safety surveillance using longitudinal health care data is determining whether and when there is sufficient evidence to raise a safety alert. We propose to quantify the expected value of the information (VOI) to be gained through continued monitoring in terms of its potential to reduce health losses among future patients and weigh this against the health cost of exposing current patients during continued monitoring. Objective. To apply this sequential VOI approach to monitoring the comparative safety of prasugrel v. clopidogrel on gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Methods. We calculated expected health losses assuming expected mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and nonfatal stroke on clopidogrel were 1.27, 5.93, and 1.14 per 100 person-years, using historical data; relative rates on prasugrel were 0.95, 0.76, and 1.02 based on trial data; and MI, stroke, and GI bleed were 9%, 25%, and 0.1% as bad as death, respectively. We assigned gamma prior distributions to the rates of bleeding on clopidogrel and prasugrel to capture baseline uncertainty; in Monte Carlo simulations, prasugrel’s efficacy parameters were sampled from distributions. Results. Treating all patients with prasugrel minimized expected health losses, resulting in 475.3 death-equivalents over 25,000 person-years of treatment. Monitoring increased expected losses by 5, and treating all patients with clopidogrel increased losses by 46.4. In Monte Carlo simulation, monitoring on average increased expected losses by 4.6, but a reduction in losses from monitoring was supported within the bounds of uncertainty (95% confidence interval, −0.6 to 11.1). Limitations. Patient heterogeneity and the possibility of updating efficacy parameters during monitoring were not incorporated. Conclusion. The proposed approach integrates expected health harms and benefits of continued monitoring in the decision to raise a safety alert.
Performance Profiling in Primary Care
Authors: Eijkenaar Frank , van Vliet René C. J. A.
Published: August 2013

Background. Profiling is increasingly being used to generate input for improvement efforts in health care. For these efforts to be successful, profiles must reflect true provider performance, requiring an appropriate statistical model. Sophisticated models are available to account for the specific features of performance data, but they may be difficult to use and explain to providers. Objective. To assess the influence of the statistical model on the performance profiles of primary care providers. Data Source. Administrative data (2006–2008) on 2.8 million members of a Dutch health insurer who were registered with 1 of 4396 general practitioners. Methods. Profiles are constructed for 6 quality measures and 5 resource use measures, controlling for differences in case mix. Models include ordinary least squares, generalized linear models, and multilevel models. Separately for each model, providers are ranked on z scores and classified as outlier if belonging to the 10% with the worst or best performance. The impact of the model is evaluated using the weighted kappa for rankings overall, percentage agreement on outlier designation, and changes in rankings over time. Results. Agreement among models was relatively high overall (kappa typically >0.85). Agreement on outlier designation was more variable and often below 80%, especially for high outliers. Rankings were more similar for processes than for outcomes and expenses. Agreement among annual rankings per model was low for all models. Conclusions. Differences among models were relatively small, but the choice of statistical model did affect the rankings. In addition, most measures appear to be driven largely by chance, regardless of the model that is used. Profilers should pay careful attention to the choice of both the statistical model and the performance measures.
Sea-level rise vulnerability mapping for adaptation decisions using LiDAR DEMs
Authors: Cooper Hannah M. , Fletcher Charles H. , Chen Qi , Barbee Matthew M.
Published: August 2013

Global sea-level rise (SLR) is projected to accelerate over the next century, with research indicating that global mean sea level may rise 18–48 cm by 2050, and 50–140 cm by 2100. Decision-makers, faced with the problem of adapting to SLR, utilize elevation data to identify assets that are vulnerable to inundation. This paper reviews techniques and challenges stemming from the use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation models (DEMs) in support of SLR decision-making. A significant shortcoming in the methodology is the lack of comprehensive standards for estimating LiDAR error, which causes inconsistent and sometimes misleading calculations of uncertainty. Workers typically aim to reduce uncertainty by analyzing the difference between LiDAR error and the target SLR chosen for decision-making. The practice of mapping vulnerability to SLR is based on the assumption that LiDAR errors follow a normal distribution with zero bias, which is intermittently violated. Approaches to correcting discrepancies between vertical reference systems for land and tidal datums may incorporate tidal benchmarks and a vertical datum transformation tool provided by the National Ocean Service (VDatum). Mapping a minimum statistically significant SLR increment of 32 cm is difficult to achieve based on current LiDAR and VDatum errors. LiDAR DEMs derived from ‘ground’ returns are essential, yet LiDAR providers may not remove returns over vegetated areas successfully. LiDAR DEMs integrated into a GIS can be used to identify areas that are vulnerable to direct marine inundation and groundwater inundation (reduced drainage coupled with higher water tables). Spatial analysis can identify potentially vulnerable ecosystems as well as developed assets. A standardized mapping uncertainty needs to be developed given that SLR vulnerability mapping requires absolute precision for use as a decision-making tool.
Thyroid Storm
Authors: Chiha Maguy , Samarasinghe Shanika , Kabaker Adam S.
Published: August 2013

Thyroid storm, an endocrine emergency first described in 1926, remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. No laboratory abnormalities are specific to thyroid storm, and the available scoring system is based on the clinical criteria. The exact mechanisms underlying the development of thyroid storm from uncomplicated hyperthyroidism are not well understood. A heightened response to thyroid hormone is often incriminated along with increased or abrupt availability of free hormones. Patients exhibit exaggerated signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism and varying degrees of organ decompensation. Treatment should be initiated promptly targeting all steps of thyroid hormone formation, release, and action. Patients who fail medical therapy should be treated with therapeutic plasma exchange or thyroidectomy. The mortality of thyroid storm is currently reported at 10%. Patients who have survived thyroid storm should receive definite therapy for their underlying hyperthyroidism to avoid any recurrence of this potentially fatal condition.
Posttraumatic Stress, Partner Violence Victimization, and Harmful Drinking
Authors: Sotskova Alina , Woodin Erica M.
Published: August 2013

The first year of parenthood can be a stressful time, especially for high-risk couples. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS) have been associated with decreased intimacy, communication, and relationship adjustment, yet there is a lack of research on how PTS symptoms might affect couples in early parenthood. Furthermore, there is little evidence regarding the way in which PTS symptoms may affect couples above and beyond known risk factors such as intimate partner violence (IPV) and harmful alcohol use. The current study investigated how PTS symptoms were related to new parents’ relationship satisfaction in the context of IPV and harmful drinking. Ninety-eight heterosexual couples filled out questionnaires 1 year after the birth of their first child. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that, for men, PTS symptoms predicted lower relationship satisfaction over and above IPV victimization and harmful drinking. However, for women, psychological IPV victimization was the only significant multivariate predictor. In addition, for men, PTS symptoms interacted with harmful drinking to predict poorer relationship satisfaction. The results suggest that women’s relationship satisfaction is particularly linked to psychological IPV victimization during early parenthood, whereas men’s relationship satisfaction is particularly associated with their own harmful drinking and PTS symptoms. Implications are discussed.
An Exploratory Investigation of Adolescent Intimate Partner Violence Among African American Youth
Authors: Love Sharon RedHawk , Richards Tara N.
Published: August 2013

Extant research demonstrates that while adolescent intimate partner violence (IPV) is an ever-growing concern in the United States, most research on IPV has focused on adult victims and offenders. To fill this gap in the literature, the present research examines youth IPV by conducting focus groups with 25 male and female youth between the ages of 15 and 19 years whose race was primarily African American. Drawing on open-ended responses by adolescent participants, the present study aimed to shed light on African American youths’ perceptions of IPV, their perceptions regarding such violence among their peers, the dynamics of help-seeking behaviors, and what services youth perceive as most helpful in the prevention and intervention of adolescent IPV. Findings reveal that most participants only recognize physical aggression as IPV; express hesitation in disclosing violence to adults, especially nonfamily adults; and report being unaware of and/or unwilling to utilize existing prevention and intervention services traditionally targeted at adult populations. Implications for future research and policy are also presented and discussed.
Interpersonal Style Moderates the Effect of Dating Violence on Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Yalch Matthew M. , Lannert Brittany K. , Hopwood Christopher J. , Levendosky Alytia A.
Published: August 2013

Over a quarter of young women have experienced some form of violence within a dating relationship. The experience of dating violence is associated with problems in psychological functioning, including symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, not all women who experience dating violence exhibit anxious or depressive symptoms. One factor that may influence symptom expression is interpersonal style. In this study, we examined the main and moderating effects of dimensions of interpersonal style (dominance and warmth) on the association between dating violence and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Warmth exhibited a main effect on anxious and depressive symptoms over and above the effects of dating violence and other life stressors. Dominance moderated the association between dating violence and anxious and depressive symptoms. When levels of dating violence were high, women with higher levels of dominance reported fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression than women with lower dominance. These results indicated that whereas high warmth was associated with fewer symptoms of psychopathology generally, high dominance was a buffer against the effect of dating violence on symptoms more specifically. Directions for future research are discussed.
Adaptive Memory
Authors: Nairne James S. , VanArsdall Joshua E. , Pandeirada Josefa N. S. , Cogdill Mindi , LeBreton James M.
Published: August 2013

Distinguishing between living (animate) and nonliving (inanimate) things is essential for survival and successful reproduction. Animacy is widely recognized as a foundational dimension, appearing early in development, but its role in remembering is currently unknown. We report two studies suggesting that animacy is a critical mnemonic dimension and is one of the most important item dimensions ultimately controlling retention. Both studies show that animate words are more likely to be recalled than inanimate words, even after the stimulus classes have been equated along other mnemonically relevant dimensions (e.g., imageability and meaningfulness). Mnemonic “tunings” for animacy are easily predicted a priori by a functional-evolutionary analysis.
Impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on burden of illness and work productivity in the United States
Authors: Garris C , Oglesby A , Sulcs E , Lee M
Published: August 2013

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by clinical manifestations that can cause diminished activity and productivity. The objectives of this study were to: (a) longitudinally evaluate patient-reported SLE disease activity, and (b) measure work productivity, missed work hours, and associated lost income among employed patients with SLE. Three cohorts (employed subjects with SLE ( n = 281), nonemployed subjects with SLE ( n = 265), and a control group of employed individuals without SLE ( n = 300)) completed a baseline survey. Employed subjects with SLE completed follow-up surveys every two weeks during a six-month period. Measured outcomes included perceived health, disease manifestations and severity, the Lupus Impact Tracker, the Modified Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire, and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire . Higher self-reported SLE disease severity was directly associated with experiencing more frequent and more severe symptoms as well as higher levels of lost work time and lost work productivity. Though patient self-assessment may differ from physician’s clinical assessment, it is important to incorporate the patient perspective in clinical decision-making to optimally manage SLE patients. Given the evidence associating SLE with work disability and job loss, it may be beneficial for professionals addressing worksite modifications or compensatory strategies to be included as members of SLE medical teams.
On Standards and Scholarship: A Response to Nicholas Lambert
Authors: Bell Christopher M.
Published: August 2013

This article examines Nicholas Lambert’s criticisms of the article ‘Sir John Fisher’s Naval Revolution Reconsidered: Winston Churchill at the Admiralty, 1911–1914’ ( War in History 18, 2011), which challenged revisionist claims that in July 1914 the Royal Navy was on the verge of implementing a ‘naval revolution’ based on radical ideas attributed to Admiral Sir John Fisher. It demonstrates that Lambert’s criticisms are unfounded, and provides additional evidence to support an alternative interpretation of British naval policy in the period 1912–14. Important changes were undoubtedly under way on the eve of the First World War, but the revisionists exaggerate Fisher’s influence and oversimplify an inherently complex decision-making process. The Admiralty’s plan to substitute torpedo craft for some of the battleships in its 1914 programme was intended to bolster a conservative strategy, and the changes under consideration were essentially evolutionary in nature.
Towards a Revolution in Firepower? Logistics, Lethality, and the Lee-Metford
Authors: Ford Matthew
Published: August 2013

This article examines the British army’s decision to adopt the Lee-Metford magazine rifle in 1888. Examining the perspectives of a number of constituencies in the services shows that the magazine arm was not adopted out of an ambition simply to produce greater volumes of fire. Instead a number of factors shaped the decision to abandon the previous service arm, the Martini-Henry, many of which were contingent and reflected the particular attitudes of those groups with an interest in the infantry’s equipment. What ultimately becomes apparent is that the Lee-Metford was embraced primarily because it did not force any one constituency in the army to adopt the tactical preferences of any of the other groups involved.
Totally Changed, Yet Still the Same
Authors: Natvik Eli , Gjengedal Eva , Råheim Målfrid
Published: August 2013

Bariatric surgery provides sustainable weight loss and increased quality of life for most, but not all patients. To increase the knowledge of this complex patient group and their needs during follow-up, we aimed to describe the essential meaning of bariatric surgery patients’ long-term experiences by using a phenomenological lifeworld approach. Eight patients were interviewed between 5 and 7 years after bariatric surgery. Life after bariatric surgery was described as living with tension, ambivalence, and reinforced attention toward one’s own body. The tension was related to embodied change and altered relations to the social world. The patients express an ongoing demand for control of health-related habits and practices, and to not lose control over the body again. Surgical weight loss and improved physical function do not necessarily mean changed health-related habits and practices in the long term. Experiencing weight regain is connected with emotional stress, shame, and self-contempt.
A Descriptive Study of California Hospice Providers’ Perceptions of Public Reporting of Quality Data Using the Family Evaluation of Hospice Care Survey
Authors: Nelson Marsha , Gale Randall C. , Naierman Naomi , DeViney Meredith
Published: August 2013

The Affordable Care Act requires US hospices to report quality data to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in 2013 with data eventually being made public. There may be some benefit to participating in a voluntary public-reporting program prior to public disclosure by CMS; therefore, we developed and conducted an electronic survey exploring California hospices’ perceptions of public reporting. The majority (78.1%) of respondents reported current use of the Family Evaluation of Hospice Care tool and a willingness to consider voluntary participation in a public-reporting program outside of what is being implemented by CMS (58.6%). Tax status of responding hospices was not predictive of a willingness to participate in a statewide public-reporting program of hospice quality in our study.
Providing Hospice Home Care to the Terminally Ill Elderly People With Cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Hsin-Tzu Sophie , Melia Kath M. , Yao Chien-An , Lin Chun-Ju , Chiu Tai-Yuan , Hu Wen-Yu
Published: August 2013

We explored caregivers’ experiences and needs when providing hospice home care to their terminally ill elderly patients with cancer in Taiwan for 1 year. A total of 44 caregivers were interviewed using a semistructured interview once monthly during hospice home care visits until the patients’ deaths. Content analysis of the interviews revealed 5 themes, hoping for a cure, experiencing fluctuating emotions, accepting the patient’s dying, regarding the patient’s death as a good death, and needing emotional support and information. Caregivers in hospice home care who experienced difficulties tended to seek emotional support and information throughout the entire caregiving process. With a greater understanding of caregivers’ experiences and needs, nurses can alleviate caregivers’ negative emotional reactions by actively attending to their needs during this process.
Hedonic value: enhancing adaptation for motivated agents
Authors: Cos Ignasi , Cañamero Lola , Hayes Gillian M , Gillies Andrew
Published: August 2013

Reinforcement learning (RL) in the context of artificial agents is typically used to produce behavioral responses as a function of the reward obtained by interaction with the environment. When the problem consists of learning the shortest path to a goal, it is common to use reward functions yielding a fixed value after each decision, for example a positive value if the target location has been attained and a negative value at each intermediate step. However, this fixed strategy may be overly simplistic for agents to adapt to dynamic environments, in which resources may vary from time to time. By contrast, there is significant evidence that most living beings internally modulate reward value as a function of their context to expand their range of adaptivity. Inspired by the potential of this operation, we present a review of its underlying processes and we introduce a simplified formalization for artificial agents. The performance of this formalism is tested by monitoring the adaptation of an agent endowed with a model of motivated actor–critic, embedded with our formalization of value and constrained by physiological stability, to environments with different resource distribution. Our main result shows that the manner in which reward is internally processed as a function of the agent’s motivational state, strongly influences adaptivity of the behavioral cycles generated and the agent’s physiological stability.
Protestant Work Ethic, Confucian Values, and Work-Related Attitudes in Singapore
Authors: Leong Frederick T. L. , Huang Jason L. , Mak Stanton
Published: August 2013

The current article examined the extent to which Western Protestant Work Ethic (PWE) and Eastern Confucian values would influence employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment in an East Asian culture. Based on survey data from 151 employees in Singapore, the study showed that these two values have distinct relationships with job-related attitudes. The PWE had significant relationships with affective, continuance, and normative organizational commitment, whereas the Confucian value dimensions of diligence and harmony were significantly related to job satisfaction and affective/normative commitment, respectively. Additional dominance analysis revealed that Confucian harmony was more useful in predicting affective commitment, whereas PWE was more useful in predicting normative commitment. The cultural validity of the PWE and the cultural specificity of the Confucian values are discussed along with practical implications of the research findings.
Calling, Goals, and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Allan Blake A. , Duffy Ryan D.
Published: August 2013

The present study examined the role of goals in the relation between calling and life satisfaction in a diverse, adult sample. Building off the self-concordance model of goal progress, the current study explored whether career goal self-efficacy (CGSE) mediated the relation between calling and life satisfaction and whether this mediation was moderated by intrinsic, extrinsic, self-transcendence, or physical self goal aspirations. We found CGSE to partially mediate the relation between calling and life satisfaction. Additionally, self-transcendence goals and physical self goals moderated this mediation such that, for people high in calling, the mediation only existed for those with high self-transcendence goals or low physical self goals. These results suggest that people with callings may need to have self-transcendence goals and avoid physical self goals in order for the confidence in their ability to achieve career goals to mediate the relation between their sense of calling and life satisfaction. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
Brands and Urban Life
Authors: Bookman Sonia
Published: August 2013

While brands are recognized as salient features of the cultural and economic life of cities, the specificity of brands and their impact on urban life has been insufficiently analyzed. Drawing on recent branding theory, and taking the case of specialty coffee brands, this article considers the dynamic process through which these brands frame and co-generate a “third place” experience as part of the functioning of the brand interface and creation of brand value. It highlights the role of consumers in this process, tracing the ways in which they routinely conduct third place social interactions, construct hospitable space, and establish patterns of social relation on the platform of the brand. It is argued that the emergence of an “urban café sociality” characterized by specific forms of togetherness and (limited) modes of belonging is a productive effect of the interactive interplay between brands and consumers in everyday urban life.
Sounds Different
Authors: Barns Sarah
Published: August 2013

This article is interested in how a tuning of the ear toward the auditory qualities of urban life presents new encounters with the historical geographies of the city and its spaces of technological modernity. It identifies the way a heightened appreciation of the auditory domain has helped disclose different ways of conceptually approaching the experience of urbanization and technological modernity during the 20th century. The article then moves on to address contemporary practice-based responses to the auditory historical terrain, particularly where they experiment with contemporary mobile technology. It considers the way these mobile practices help to open up fruitful new methods of geographical enquiry, while at the same time calls into question why existing analyses of mobile culture necessarily denigrating the urban public realm.
Behaviors of students and teachers in the command, practice, and inclusion styles of teaching
Authors: Byra Mark , Sanchez Beth , Wallhead Tristan
Published: August 2013

Validating selected theoretical assumptions associated with the Spectrum of Teaching Styles is critical to the pursuit of knowledge about effective instructional strategies. To assess these styles, a total of 77 college-aged students at one university enrolled in four physical activity classes and participated in three 50-minute lessons with different teaching styles. One lesson was delivered in the command teaching style, one in the practice teaching style, and one in the inclusion teaching style. All 12 lessons (three to each class) were taught by one Spectrum trained teacher. Students performed the same series of five Pilate’s abdominal exercises in all three lessons. Three observation instruments were used to systematically code instructional climate (Stewart, 1989), time-on-fitness (Chung, 1989), and teacher feedback (Dodds, 1989; Mosston and Ashworth, 2002). Descriptive statistics were computed for the student and teacher behaviors. One-way ANOVAs were used to examine behavior differences among teaching styles. The results revealed that the amount of time spent in instruction was higher in the inclusion style of teaching and amount of time spent in activity was lower. Within active fitness time, no differences were revealed across teaching styles. Individual skill feedback was provided at a higher rate in the practice and inclusion styles of teaching. This information is critical to educators making informed decisions regarding the efficacy of a specific teaching style and its potential utility in facilitating student performance behavior.
Non-operative management of abdominal gunshot wounds
Authors: Varga Stephen , Zakaluzny Scott , Inaba Kenji
Published: August 2013

Over the history of surgery, the management of abdominal gunshot wounds in the stable evaluable patient without peritonitis has evolved. While non-operative management has been widely accepted and employed for the management of abdominal stab wounds, recently it has been deemed a safe option for abdominal gunshot wounds as well. Selective non-operative management of penetrating abdominal trauma in the appropriate setting has been shown to decrease the rate of nontherapeutic laparotomy as well as the cost and total length of hospital stay, and potentially decrease short- and long-term morbidity. This review examines the background support for non-operative management of abdominal gunshot wounds while discussing patient evaluation, selection, and clinical management.