bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of preoperative nasal endoscopy in patients with sinonasal disease
Authors: Vining Eugenia M. , Yanagisawa Ken , Yanagisawa Eiji
Published: October 2006

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has popularized the use of telescopes in sinus surgery and has emphasized the importance of nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of patients with diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Variations in intranasal and sinus anatomy have been implicated in the etiology of chronic and recurrent sinusitis, and CT imaging has become an important diagnostic tool. Despite this, some patients present with symptoms and telescopic examination suggestive of sinonasal disease, yet demonstrate little abnormality on CT scan. The authors reviewed videoendoscopic and CT examinations of 100 consecutive patients with symptoms of sinus disease and found 9% of patients with abnormal telescopic examination in the context of negative CT findings. In those patients whose CT examinations were positive, telescopic nasal endoscopy was especially useful in delineating the type of soft tissue which obscured the area of the middle meatus. In those patients whose CT examinations were negative, telescopic examination demonstrated septal deflections, mucosal edema involving the middle meatus, as well as turbinate and adenoid hypertrophy. These findings demonstrate that telescopic nasal examination is an important diagnostic modality which often yields important information when evaluating patients with sinonasal disease.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the temporal bone from a case of e trisomy syndrome
Authors: Harada Takehiko , Takahara Tetsuo , Ishii Shigeo
Published: October 2006

Computer‐assisted three‐dimensional reconstruction was performed from histologic sections of the left temporal bone removed from a case of E trisomy syndrome. The reconstructions included structures such as the bony and membranous labyrinths, ossicles, ossicular muscles, tympanic membrane, and facial and eighth nerves. The structures could be observed individually or simultaneously in combination. Prominent abnormalities observed in these reconstructions included enlargement of the utricle, absence of the posterior semicircular canal, slight hypoplasia of the cochlea, anomaly of the stapes, abnormally shaped stapedius muscle, abnormal course of the facial nerve, and flattening of the tympanic membrane. The results were useful for the visual and stereoscopic understanding of abnormal configurations and the spatial orientations of these abnormalities.
L2 lexis in L1: Reluctance to translate out of concern for referential meaning
Authors: Li David C. S
Published: October 2006

Using evidence from the Hong Kong Chinese press, this paper shows that intra-sentential code-alternation may be due to linguistic, especially semantic, factors at work, which explain why the bilingual is reluctant to translate the English expressions into Chinese, resulting in code-alternation. This observation amounts to a challenge to a tacit assumption behind social or discourse-related explanations of code-alternation, that referential meaning may be kept constant and that code-alternated expressions in the guest language could always be ‘replaced’, paradigmatically or otherwise, by a semantically ‘equivalent’ expression in the host language. The basic premise of ‘translation equivalent’ is illusory. Given the strong social norms disapproving the use of English-only discourse for intra-ethnic communication in Hong Kong, it is argued that intra-sentential code-alternation typical of bilingual Chinese Hongkongers is more adequately explained by the bilingual's reluctance to translate the original English expressions into Cantonese or modern standard Chinese. In this light, Cantonese-English code-alternation in Hong Kong is most appropriately seen as the result of the Chinese bilingual's attempt to guard against unwanted semantic loss or gain.
A Population Genetics Pedigree Perspective on the Transmission of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Delport Wayne , Cunningham Michael , Olivier Brenda , Preisig Oliver , van der Merwe Schalk W
Published: October 2006

The inference of transmission pathways for medicinally important bacteria is important to our understanding of pathogens. Here we report analyses of transmission in Helicobacter pylori, a major carcinogen. Our study is novel in that the focal community comprises detailed family pedigrees and has a high prevalence of H. pylori. To infer transmission, we performed high-resolution analyses of nucleotide sequences for three genes and accounted for the occurrence of mutation and recombination through the use of simulation modeling. Our results demonstrate that transmission has a strong nonfamilial component potentially the result of a large proportion of infections derived from the community. These results are interesting from both a medical and an evolutionary standpoint. First, efficient control measures and beliefs about the sources of H. pylori infection should be reevaluated. Evolutionarily, our results contradict the hypothesis of strict vertical transmission, presented as an explanation for the strong correlation between human population history and H. pylori diversity. Thus the paradox of persistent phylogenetic structure, despite a permissive mode of transmission and high recombination rates, must be solved elsewhere. Here we consider the potential for recombination events to maintain genetic structure in light of horizontal transmission.
Chemical Inactivation of Cdc7 Kinase in Budding Yeast Results in a Reversible Arrest That Allows Efficient Cell Synchronization Prior to Meiotic Recombination
Authors: Wan Lihong , Zhang Chao , Shokat Kevan M , Hollingsworth Nancy M
Published: October 2006

Genetic studies in budding yeast have provided many fundamental insights into the specialized cell division of meiosis, including the identification of evolutionarily conserved meiosis-specific genes and an understanding of the molecular basis for recombination. Biochemical studies have lagged behind, however, due to the difficulty in obtaining highly synchronized populations of yeast cells. A chemical genetic approach was used to create a novel conditional allele of the highly conserved protein kinase Cdc7 (cdc7-as3) that enables cells to be synchronized immediately prior to recombination. When Cdc7-as3 is inactivated by addition of inhibitor to sporulation medium, cells undergo a delayed premeiotic S phase, then arrest in prophase before double-strand break (DSB) formation. The arrest is easily reversed by removal of the inhibitor, after which cells rapidly and synchronously proceed through recombination and meiosis I. Using the synchrony resulting from the cdc7-as3 system, DSB-dependent phosphorylation of the meiosis-specific chromosomal core protein, Hop1, was shown to occur after DSBs. The cdc7-as3 mutant therefore provides a valuable tool not only for understanding the role of Cdc7 in meiosis, but also for facilitating biochemical and cytological studies of recombination.
TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF SELF-ESTIMATED INTELLIGENCE: TEMPORAL STABILITY OVER FOUR TIME PERIODS
Authors: Cruise Sharon Mary , Lewis Christopher Alan
Published: October 2006

Whilst there is a growing interest in self-estimated intelligence, to date only one study has examined the temporal stability of self-estimated intelligence. A sample of 228 third level students from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland completed self-ratings of overall IQ and
10 domains of intelligence over 4 time periods. Although there were increases in mean scores over time, t tests indicated that these were rarely significant. Significant positive correlations, ranging from moderate to strong, were also observed for all intelligences over the 4 time
periods. These data suggest that whilst self-estimated intelligence is for the most part stable over time, there is a trend for scores to increase. Methodological limitations of this study are discussed.
SOME THOUGHTS ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ROOTS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF SERIAL KILLERS AS NARCISSISTS: AN OBJECT RELATIONS PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Knight Zelda G.
Published: October 2006

This article documents the definition and context of serial murder. The main theoretical framework adopted is object relations theories which have been particularly renowned for drawing close attention to the process and development of the early dyadic mother-infant relationship as a primary departure point for understanding both healthy and pathological psychic development. These theories have been especially comprehensive in depicting the inner world of the infant as magical and terrifying, fractured and kaleidoscopic. Within the context of narcissistic dynamics, one aspect of human behavior may be described as nonpathological and the basis for healthy ambitions and ideals, while another may be identified as pathological and destructive so that individuals behave in grandiose and murderous ways. Some of these individuals are sadistic serial killers who enjoy the sexual thrill of murdering and who are both pathological and destructive narcissists. This study examines the psychological roots of the behavior of sexually motivated male serial killers, and why they do what they do. The context of serial murder is presented, with a refined definition of sexually motivated serial murder. The development of narcissism is described as this forms the basis for understanding such behavior.
SOCIAL PERCEPTION OF THE PERSONALITY OF THE DISABLED
Authors: Castañeto MayLynn V. , Willemsen Eleanor W.
Published: October 2006

This paper examines the perception of disability in relation to the disability status of a hypothetical person and that of the experimenter. Meyer, Gouvier, Duke, and Advokat (2001) found that participants had positive attitudes towards disability if the experimenter was disabled. This
experiment moves the study of perceptions about disability into the realm of personality. Participants (N = 120) read a scenario in which the target person was either disabled or nondisabled while sessions were conducted by either a disabled or a nondisabled experimenter. They rated
the target on the Big Five Personality Scale that involves a self-rating and an others-rating. The participants believed that others view disabled people less positively than they themselves do.
Cloning of the genes for non-medullary thyroid cancer: Methods and advances
Authors: Stankov Karmen , Romeo Giovanni
Published: October 2006

In last ten years, significant advances have occurred in thyroid endocrinology, as a consequence of the generalized use of molecular biology techniques. New genes involved in the development of thyroid cancer have been identified, which had a great impact on our understanding of thyroid cancer predisposition. All cancers are genetic in origin because they arise from mutations in a single somatic cell, but the genetic changes in sporadic cancers are confined to a particular tissue. In inherited cancers, a predisposing mutation is present in all somatic cells and in the germ line, which enables the transmission of risk to the next generation. Cancer genetics offers a model of how information on the genetics of inherited cancers could affect identification of individuals at increased genetic risk.
The significance of information standards for development of integrated health information system
Authors: Luic Ljerka , Striber-Devaja Dubravka
Published: October 2006

Information systems play a significant role in helping to improve health outcomes and decision-making at the point of care, as well as in the planning and funding of care. There is no doubt that new technologies, especially information and communication technologies, could dramatically contribute to achieve better results in our activities in general. The healthcare sector, one of the largest sectors of society accounting, is very complex with many different application requirements. There are also a number of different types of actors that need to communicate for various healthcare purposes (patients/citizens, healthcare professionals and organizations providing health care cervices, payment bodies, pharmaceutical industry, the national governments). Standardization is the first and the most important step in building an Integral Healthcare Information System. However, standardization has been recognized in most of the countries as an important tool to achieve some of the general goals in healthcare systems. The relationship between the participants locally, regionally and nationally requires that information is shared for planning, funding and treatment purposes. Health information standards are instrumental for the operation of healthcare organizations, the planning and management of the health sector, for electronic business transactions and the development of a national system of electronic health records as well. It is necessary to make relevant decisions on adoption of specific health information standards, to adjust them to local conditions as necessary, define in sufficient details methods the manner of their introduction and implementation. The successful implementation of each National Health Information Systems Strategy is heavily dependent upon the implementation of information standards.
The probability of finding HLA identical or partially matched unrelated donors in the population of Vojvodina
Authors: Vojvodic Svetlana , Popovic Stevan
Published: October 2006

Introduction. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors are treatments of choice for patients lacking HLA identical siblings or family matched donors. Material and methods. Class I HLA typing was performed by using a standard micro-lymphocytotoxicyty test in 434 unrelated persons from Vojvodina, while, class II HLA typing was performed using a modified immunofluorescent technique. The estimated gene frequencies for the populations of Crete, Korea, China, Scotland, Romania, and North America, were used to calculate phenotype frequencies, the probability of finding HLA identical or partially (in 5/6 HLA antigens) matched unrelated donors, the number of donors necessary for research, as well as genetic distances between populations. Results. The probability of finding HLA identical or partially matched unrelated donors for patients from Vojvodina is higher in closely related populations with low genetic distances, such as populations of Crete, Romania and Scotland. Discussion. The probability of finding HLA identical or partially matched unrelated donors is in inverse proportion with the number of unrelated donors necessary for research with aim of finding at least one HLA compatible donor. Conclusion. The probability of finding compatible unrelated donors depends on the degree of HLA matching between the donor and recipient, HLA phenotype frequencies and the donor pool size. These methodology may have a wider usage, because it can be applied in calculating the probability of finding suitable genotypically matched donors, by using HLA allele frequencies defined by molecular techniques. .
Microsatellite DNA analysis as a tool for forensic paternity testing (DNA paternity testing)
Authors: Veselinovic Igor
Published: October 2006

Microsatellite analysis. By using serological or HLA-testing, the alleged father can be excluded as the biological father, but, regardless of the degree of probability, positive paternity results cannot be obtained without DNA testing. According to the results of the National Human Genome Project, human genome consists of approximatelly 30.000 genes. The vast majority of human DNA is not organized in genes and has no genetic expression or visible function. Non-coding DNA contains genetic markers important for human identification. Short tandem repeats, or STRs, are a class of microsatellites consisting of tandemly repeated sequences of 2 to 6 base pair length monomers. Most of the microsatellites show a high degree of polymorphism, which can be evaluated by PCR technique, and used in criminalistics, forensic identification and parentage testing. A source of DNA in parentage testing are blood samples or buccal swabs which are routinelly used. Amplification of isolated DNA can be performed in 25-30 cycles by PCR, and fragments are separated by capillary electrophoresis. Conclusion. The probability of paternity of 99.99% or higher corresponds to the paternity "practicaly proven", indicating that the alleged father is the biological father. Such results can be obtained only by DNA testing. DNA-testing laboratories are required to conduct validation of laboratory facilities, equipment and staff and are subject to permanent control by the society. .
Attitudes of women and gynecologists towards voluntary sterilization in Serbia?
Authors: Sedlecki Katarina , Rasevic Mirjana
Published: October 2006

Introduction. Voluntary sterilization is a very effective and safe birth control method. Is it, however, accepted as a birth control method in Serbia? This is certainly a question that should be explored, regardless of the fact that voluntary sterilization is neither accessible nor promoted. Material and methods. The target group included women who decided to terminate their pregnancy, and gynecologists from various parts of Serbia. Results and disussion. The survey results indicate that more than half of women believe that voluntary sterilization should be available in Serbia. Also, a large number of surveyed women, almost half of them, would undergo voluntary sterilization. Younger women, respondents with secondary education, those who gave birth to a desired number of children, as well as those who have a good relationship with their partners, those who have experienced a great number of induced abortions, namely those who wish to use contraception in the future, are more open to voluntary sterilization. The majority of gynecologists also think that voluntary sterilization should become available in Serbia. Most of them consider therapeutic and eugenic reasons as appropriate for surgical sterilization. However, gynecologists lack current knowledge about this contraceptive method, and would not accept to use voluntary sterilization themselves. Conclusion. The reasons for individual nonacceptance indicate that many of the registered ambivalent or negative opinions can be changed by spreading knowledge on voluntary sterilization. Moreover, the knowledge of gynecologists about voluntary sterilization should be improved as well.
Predisposing factors of the migraine syndrome in children
Authors: Knezevic-Pogancev Marija
Published: October 2006

Introduction. The aim of this paper was to define characteristics which could be used to recognize groups of children at risk for migraine syndrome. Material and methods. Predisposing factors of migraine syndrome were investigated by conducting a poll among 24.828 children aged 3-16, in Vojvodina, during the period between 1988-2004. Results. For the purpose of defining recognizable characteristics of children with migraine syndrome, a comparison of children with migraine headaches, non-migraine headaches, and those without headaches was done among 24.828 children. Apart from direct heredity, the following factors should be accepted as predisposing factors of migraine syndrome: child's order of birth (second child), length of breast-feeding, age at which the ready-made industrial food was introduced, as well as the age at which the child started the whole-day stay (which is in inverse proportion to the risk of migraine attacks and the age of the first symptoms), particularities in behaviour pattern, family social status, atmosphere in the family, previous paroxysmal torticollis, episodic vertigo of unknown etiology, recurrent abdominal pain, and lack of cerebral hemisphere dominance. Conclusion. Children with migraine headaches have particularities, not clear enough for the time being, but recognition of which is necessary for early prevention of migraine syndrome in childhood.
The prevalence of craniomandibular disorders in the military population of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Dodic Slobodan , Stanisic-Sinobad Darinka , Vukadinovic Miroslav , Milic Aleksandra , Sinobad Vladimir
Published: October 2006

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cra- niomandibular dysfunction (CMD) in the military personel of the Republic of Serbia, as well as the distribution of sings and symptoms of CMD in this population group. Material and methods. The epidemiological investigation included 284 male persons between 18-25 years of age. The sample consisted of Military Academy students, and soldiers from different regions of the Republic of Serbia. A questionnaire was designed using Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index and sings and symptoms of CMD were evaluated, namely the anamnestic index (Ai) and the dysfunction index (Di). Results. According to the anamnestic dysfunction index (Ai), 85% of persons among the examined group presented without any symptoms of CMD (Ai=0), 14% had mild symptoms (Ai =1) and 1% had severe symptoms of CMD (Ai=5). Functional analysis of the orofacial system in the examined group (evaluation of dysfunction index - Di) revealed, however, that 70% of solders had at least one sign of CMD, precisely a dysfunction index Di>0. The analysis of signs and symptoms of CMD revealed that disturbances in mandibular kinematics were the most prevalent sign of CMD in this population group, which was confirmed in 56% of examined persons. Disturbed functions of temporomandibular (TM) joints (click, and reciprocal click, deviation and deflection during mandibular opening) were established in 31% of examined persons, and sensitivity of TM joints and masticatory muscles during palpation in 4% of examined persons. Pain during mandibular movements was established only in 1% of examined persons. Conclusion. The results of this investigation point to significant prevalence of Craniomandibular disorders in the examined population group. The incidence of TMJ and masticaory muscle pain in 4% of examined persons and of pain during mandibular movements only in 1% of examined persons, points to presence of mild or initial types of CMD in this population group. .
Maternal and fetal death due to placenta previa/accreta ina concealed pregnancy - a case report
Authors: Jovanovic Bozidar , Djordjevic Momcilo
Published: October 2006

Introduction. This is a case report of maternal and fetal death due to major hemorrhage of a patients with placenta previa/accreta in a concealed pregnancy. Bleeding is the leading cause of maternal mortality in obstetrics. Postpartum hemorrhage is the most important cause of maternal death. Placenta accreta is a severe complication involving an abnormal attachment to the uterine wall so that it cannot be easily separated from the uterus. Case report. Due to the fact that one part of the placenta is partially detached, while the other part has grown into the uterus, postpartum hemorrhage may occur with lethal outcome, unless the mother is hospitalized. Fetal death was caused by severe meconium aspiration. One way to prevent such complications is to support legal abortions. .
Characteristics of soft tissue profile in patients with skeletal class III
Authors: Stamenkovic Zorana , Nedeljkovic Nenad
Published: October 2006

Introduction: Patients with skeletal class III have typical characteristics of soft tissue profile. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine characteristics of soft tissue profile in patients with skeletal class III and to find possible significant differences between these patients and patients in the control group (without malocclusion in sagittal direction). Methods: Twenty patients of the Department of Orthodontics, Belgrade School of Dentistry, were included in this study. Average age in this group was 8 years and 5 months. In experimental group there were 13 girls and 7 boys. Changes in soft tissue profile by clinical examination, photographic and cephalometric analysis were determinated during the whole diagnostic procedure. In the clinical examination, type of profile, characteristics of lips, facial harmony in vertical direction and the angle of mandibular plane were analyzed. On lateral cephalometrics, the following parameters were measured and analyzed: sagittal parameters SNA, SNB and ANB and parameters in Schwarz, Ricketts and Holdaway analysis of soft tissue profile. Results: Patients in the experimental group had significantly different changes in soft tissue profile. It was the consequence of existing skeletal malocclusion in sagittal direction. Statistically, differences were significant (p<0.01) Conclusion: Measurements and analysis showed that patients had typical severe concave profile. Most often, the position of soft tissue structures did not compensate skeletal anomalies.
Correlation between the crystallization process and change in electron density of states in amorphous powder of the Ni80Co20 alloy
Authors: Randjic S. , Maricic A. , Rafailovic L. , Spasojevic M. , Ristic M.M.
Published: October 2006

The method of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to examine the crystallization process of amorphous powder of the Ni80Co20 alloy in the temperature interval from room temperature to 1000K. It is shown that the crystallization process of this alloy's powder proceeds in two stages at temperatures T1=690K and T2=790K. The relative changes in the electron density of states in the vicinity of Fermi level were determined from the changes in the slope of the thermo-electromotive force (TEMF) temperature coefficient before and after each stage of crystallization process. The obtained results show that the relative change in the electron density of states is 34.9% after the first crystallization stage and 38.9% after the second one. The changes in the specific electrical resistance of the pressed powder as a function of temperature are fully correlated with the change in the electron density of states and results of the DSC method. The observed rapid decrease in the specific electrical resistance after each crystallization stage is caused by the increase of the mean free electron path and increase in the electron density of states.
Far-infrared spectroscopy of a nanocomposite of polyvinyl alcohol and lead sulfide nanoparticles
Authors: Kostic R. , Romcevic M. , Markovic D. , Kuljanin J. , Comor M.I.
Published: October 2006

A nanocomposite consisting of lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles (NPs) with average diameter of 26 ?, according to absorption threshold shift, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was characterized using far-infrared absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical calculations that include proper mechanical boundary conditions at the nanocrystal-host interface.
Variational wave equations of two fermions interacting via scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, pseudovector and tensor fields
Authors: Duviryak Askold , Darewych Jurij
Published: October 2006

We consider a method for deriving relativistic two-body wave equations for fermions in the coordinate representation. The Lagrangian of the theory is reformulated by eliminating the mediating fields by means of covariant Green's functions. Then, the nonlocal interaction terms in the Lagrangian are reduced to local expressions which take into account retardation effects approximately. We construct the Hamiltonian and two-fermion states of the quantized theory, employing an unconventional “empty” vacuum state, and derive relativistic two-fermion wave equations. These equations are a generalization of the Breit equation for systems with scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, pseudovector and tensor coupling.
Electron-nuclear entanglement in the cold lithium gases
Authors: Zhu Guo-Qiang , Mao Jun-Wen , Li You-Quan
Published: October 2006

We study the ground-state entanglement and thermal entanglement in the hyperfine interaction of the lithium atom. We present the relationship between the entanglement and both temperature and external magnetic fields.
Factors of lowered respiratory CO2 sensitivity by acetazolamide in anaesthetized rabbits
Authors: Kiwull-Schöne Heidrun , Teppema Luc , Kiwull Peter
Published: October 2006

The carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor acetazolamide is a classic drug to treat patients with breathing disorders. Recent studies in rabbits showed that low-dose acetazolamide (not causing appreciable inhibition of red cell CA) significantly weakened respiratory muscle performance, accompanied by diminished ventilatory CO2-sensitivity, which implies stabilizing loop-gain properties. Now is aimed to explore the interaction of these factors under conditions of complete CA-inhibition by acetazolamide in a higher dose-range.

In anesthetized rabbits (N=7), acetazolamide (up to 75 mg·kg−1) distinctly lowered the base excess (to-7.6 ± 0.9mM, mean ± SEM) without respiratory compensation of arterial pH. Ventilatory CO2-sensitivity was nearly abolished to 15.1 ± 5.2% of control, but the transmission of a CO2-mediated rise in tidal phrenic activity into respiratory work was only reduced by 51.6 ± 6.4%, P < 0.001, not very much more than (~38%) already observed at low-doses.

Thus, the large reduction of ventilatory CO2-sensitivity in the high-dose range cannot be ascribed to respiratory muscle weakening, but rather may relate to complete inhibition of red cell CA. Conversely, CA-inhibition may not be the only cause for the weakening effect of acetazolamide on (respiratory) muscles. Adverse effects on respiratory muscles, impaired CO2-transport and acid-base imbalance may limit to make use of stabilizing effects on breathing control functions by high-dose acetazolamide.
Heed guidance for avoiding, mitigating litigation related to employment issues
Authors: Kaufman Daniel , Passini Emi
Published: March 2024

Although litigation can sometimes shine a bright light on areas where your institution's employment policies and practices need improvement, it's always best to proactively address areas needing improvement so that you can avoid litigation in the first place.
Know what to expect in limited remedies for prevailing schools in ADA/504 cases
Authors: Charmatz Marc
Published: March 2024

A lot has been written about the remedies available to students with disabilities who prevail in complaints under the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 post Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller. But colleges and universities need to know the limited remedies available to them if they prevail in disability rights litigation, that is, attorneys’ fees in very rare instances and costs.
Review recent rulings involving digital accessibility
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: March 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by higher education administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Numerical modelling of the interaction between dialysis catheter, vascular vessel and blood considering elastic structural deformation
Authors: Chen Zihan , Zheng Qijun , Tong Zhenbo , Huang Xianchen , Yu Aibing
Published: March 2024

The dialysis catheter indwelling in human bodies has a high risk of inducing thrombus and stenosis. Biomechanical research showed that such physiological complications are triggered by the wall shear stress of the vascular vessel. This study aimed to assess the impact of CVC implantation on central venous haemodynamics and the potential alterations in the haemodynamic environment related to thrombus development. The SVC structure was built from the images from computed tomography. The blood flow was calculated using the Carreau model, and the fluid domain was determined by CFD. The vascular wall and the CVC were computed using FEA. The elastic interaction between the vessel wall and the flow field was considered using FSI simulation. With consideration of the effect of coupling, it was shown that the catheter vibrated in the vascular systems due to the periodic variation of blood pressure, with an amplitude of up to 10% of the vessel width. Spiral flow was observed along the catheter after CVC indwelling, and recirculation flow appeared near the catheter tip. High OSI and WSS regions occurred at the catheter tip and the vascular junction. The arterial lumen tip had a larger effect on the WSS and OSI values on the vascular wall. Considering FSI simulation, the movement of the catheter inside the blood flow was simulated in the deformable vessel. After CVC indwelling, spiral flow and recirculation flow were observed near the regions with high WSS and OSI values.
CM management, best treatment for stimulant disorder, still on the ropes
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2024

Contingency management (CM) is the only proven treatment for stimulant use disorder. It is based on paying people money for staying off stimulants, but the reward has to be much bigger than the $75 a year allowed under federal law (See Contingency management, best treatment for stimulants, essential with fentanyl; CPU April 2023; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpu.30761). In February, top researchers again called on the federal government to pay attention to this problem, raising the cap. Methamphetamine‐involved deaths increased from 545 in 1999 to 32,353 in 2021. Of the more than 100,000 illicit drug deaths in 2021, two‐thirds involved fentanyl, but almost half of the fentanyl‐involved deaths included the co‐use of methamphetamine, cocaine, or other stimulants..
SAMHSA overdose toolkit contradicts evidence on doses needed
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: March 2024

A “toolkit” (federalese for a brochure) on overdose prevention and rescue from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) issued last month has outdated recommendations for overdose rescue medications. The toolkit, which SAMHSA released at last month's annual CADCA conference, calls for giving one dose (4 mg) of naloxone initially, followed by a second dose two or three minutes later. It also says that studies show increased doses of naloxone are not necessary in the fentanyl era.
CXCL10 and its receptor in patients with chronic hepatitis B and their ability to predict HBeAg seroconversion during antiviral treatment with TDF
Authors: Yang Jiezuan , Xu Shaoyan , Cheng Jinlin , Yin Xuying , Yan Dong , Li Xuefen
Published: March 2024

The serum chemokine C‐X‐C motif ligand‐10 (CXCL10) and its unique receptor (CXCR3) may predict the prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Nevertheless, there are few reports on the profile of CXCL10 and CXCR3 and their clinical application in HBeAg (+) CHB patients during TDF antiviral therapy. CXCL10 and CXCR3 were determined in 118 CHB patients naively treated with TDF for at least 96 weeks at baseline and at treatment weeks 12 and 24. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis was used to examine the associated dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus and explore the gene sets associated with HBeAg seroconversion (SC). The change of CXCL10 (ΔCXCL10, baseline to 48‐week TDF treatment) and CXCR3 (ΔCXCR3) is closely related to the possibility of HBeAg SC of CHB patients under TDF treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of CXCL10/CXCR3 protein in liver tissue shows that there is a significant difference between paired liver biopsy samples taken before and after 96 weeks of successful TDF treatment of CHB patients (11 pairs) but no significance for unsuccessful TDF treatment (14 pairs). Multivariate Cox analysis suggests that the ΔCXCL10 is an independent predictive indicator of HBeAg SC, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the ΔCXCL10 in CHB patients is 0.8867 (p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that a lower descending CXCL10 level is associated with an increased probability of HBeAg SC of CHB patients during TDF therapy. Moreover, liver tissue CXCL10 might be involved in the immunological process of HBeAg SC.
Fractal dimension of random attractors for nonautonomous stochastic strongly damped wave equations on ℝN
Authors: Li Yanjiao , Li Xiaojun
Published: March 2024

In this article, we investigate the dynamics of a nonautonomous stochastic strongly damped wave equation defined on
. We first use the energy equation and tail‐estimates to prove the asymptotic compactness of the solutions and obtain the existence of a unique pullback random attractor for the equation with critical nonlinearity. Then, we give an upper bound of fractal dimension of the random attractor when the nonlinearity is of subcritical growth. The unboundedness of the physical space will impose difficulties on the estimation for the upper bound of fractal dimension of the random attractor.
Flexible metasurface for improving brain imaging at 7T
Authors: Koloskov Vladislav , Brink Wyger M. , Webb Andrew G. , Shchelokova Alena
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Ultra‐high field MRI offers unprecedented detail for noninvasive visualization of the human brain. However, brain imaging is challenging at 7T due to the B field inhomogeneity, which results in signal intensity drops in temporal lobes and a bright region in the brain center. This study aims to evaluate using a metasurface to improve brain imaging at 7T and simplify the investigative workflow.

Methods

Two flexible metasurfaces comprising a periodic structure of copper strips and parallel‐plate capacitive elements printed on an ultra‐thin substrate were optimized for brain imaging and implemented via PCB. We considered two setups: (1) two metasurfaces located near the temporal lobes and (2) one metasurface placed near the occipital lobe. The effect of metasurface placement on the transmit efficiency and specific absorption rate was evaluated via electromagnetic simulation studies with voxelized models. In addition, their impact on signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and diagnostic image quality was assessed in vivo for two male and one female volunteers.

Results

Placement of metasurfaces near the regions of interest led to an increase in homogeneity of the transmit field by 5% and 10.5% in the right temporal lobe and occipital lobe for a male subject, respectively. SAR efficiency values changed insignificantly, dropping by less than 8% for all investigated setups. In vivo studies also confirmed the numerically predicted improvement in field distribution and receive sensitivity in the desired ROI.

Conclusion

Optimized metasurfaces enable homogenizing transmit field distribution in the brain at 7T. The proposed lightweight and flexible structure can potentially provide MR examination with higher diagnostic value images.
Fabrication and lithium storage performances of a composite of tin disulfide and ordered mesoporous carbon
Authors: Hang Le Thi Thu , Thuy Hoang Thi Bich , Dung Dang Viet Anh , Dung Dang Trung
Published: March 2024

SnS2 has been investigated as anode material for lithium ion batteries. To obtain anode material having high capacity and long‐term lifespan, in the present work, a nanostructured composite comprising SnS2 nanosheets and CMK‐3 ordered mesoporous carbon has been designed. The CMK‐3/SnS2 composite is fabricated via incipient wetness impregnation, followed by chemical reduction and chemical conversion in an inert gas at high temperature. The obtained composite exhibits boosted lithium storage behaviors involving high specific capacity, fast rate response and stable cyclability. At a discharge‐charge rate of 100 mA g‐1, the CMK‐3/SnS2 electrode delivers a specific capacity of 985.2 mA h g‐1 with the utilization efficiency of SnS2 present in the composite of 90.5 %. Even, after 500 cycles testing at higher discharge‐charge rates of 0.5 and 1 A g‐1, CMK‐3/SnS2 still can maintain specific capacities of 556.2 and 402.9 mA h g‐1, respectively, much higher than the theoretical specific capacity of commercialized graphite anode material. This work demonstrates considerable application potential of the CMK‐3/SnS2 anode in Li‐ion batteries.
DFT insight into Brønsted acidity in MCM‐22 zeolite by 31P NMR of adsorbed trimethylphosphine oxide
Authors: Thang Ho Viet , Quang Duong Tuan , Nam Pham Cam
Published: March 2024

The Brønsted acid (BA) strength plays an important role in the catalytic performance of protonic MCM‐22 zeolite. Although many studies including both theoretical calculations and experiments have been performed, it still remains somewhat unclear and needs to understand completely. By using density functional theory (DFT) calculation including dispersion contribution, DFT‐D3, the characteristics of bare protonic MCM‐22 zeolite and trimethylphosphine oxide (TMPO) adsorption complexes were optimized. The BA strength of H‐MCM‐22 zeolite was evaluated through chemical shift of 31P NMR. The calculated 31P NMR chemical shifts of adsorbed TMPO were in good agreement with those of experiment. The strength of BA sites in protonic MCM‐22 is mostly decided by the location of TMPO complexes with BA sites. The high chemical shifts (79‐85 ppm) corresponding to the high BA acid strength were observed for TMPO complexes located in 12‐membered ring supercage and the lower chemical shifts (73‐78 ppm) corresponding to lower BA strength, were due to TMPO interaction with BA sites inside supercage or in 10‐member ring crossing window or in 10‐member ring sinusoidal channels. Furthermore, the relationship between adsorption energies of TMPO with BA sites and 31P NMR chemical shift of adsorbed TMPO was also evaluated.
An efficient synthesis, characterization and docking studies of 2‐methoxy‐3‐(1‐substituted‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)quinoxalines
Authors: Rachala Muralidhar Reddy , Eppakayala Laxminarayana , Tharikoppula Giri , Maringanti Thirumala Chary
Published: March 2024

A basic, proficient and P‐TSA catalyzed synthesis of quinoxalines beginning from ethyl 3‐methoxyquinoxaline‐2‐carboxylate in great yields is introduced. All the compounds synthesized were analyzed by spectral analysis.
Phytochemical components of Macrosolen tricolor (L.) Dans. whole plant
Authors: Hung Le Kieu , Minh Phan Nhat , Dat Bui Trong , Luan Ngo Quoc , Chi Huynh Bui Linh , Tuyen Pham Nguyen Kim , Linh Phan Hoang , Mai Tran Thi Ngoc , Tri Mai Dinh , Phat Nguyen Tan
Published: March 2024

From the whole plants of Macrosolen tricolor, three phenolics, gallic acid (1), 3,3'‐di‐O‐methylellagic acid (2), 3,3'‐di‐O‐methylellagic acid 4‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranoside (3), three flavonoids, kaempferol (4), vitexin (5), orientin (6), and two steroids, stigmast‐5‐ene 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (7), and stigmast‐5‐ene 3‐O‐β‐D‐(6'‐O‐margaroyl)glucopyranoside (8) were separated. Their chemical structures were illuminated by HRMS, and NMR as well as comparison with those data. Compound 6 was first reported from M. tricolor and compounds 1‐5, 7, and 8 were first isolated from genus Macrosolen.
The first phytochemical study of Elaeagnus latifolia in Vietnsam
Authors: Thao Tran Thi Phuong , Luu Nguyen Thi , Chi Nguyen Linh , Hau Vu Thi Bich , Thuy Nguyen Thi Thu
Published: March 2024

Nine compounds including ursolic acid (1), esculentic acid (2), 2‐O‐trans‐p‐coumaroyl alphitolic acid (3), a mixture of (6S,7Z,9S)‐6,9‐dihydroxy‐7‐megastigmen‐3‐one (4) and (‐)‐boscialin (5), astragalin (6), tiliroside (7), 2‐phyten‐1‐ol (8), 4‐[3’‐(hydroxymethyl)oxiran‐2’‐yl]‐2,6‐dimethoxyphenol (9) were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Elaeagnus latifolia L. The elucidation of the above compounds was supported by means of modern spectroscopic methods (MS, NMR) and comparison with the reported data. It is the first time compounds 1‐9 have been isolated from Elaeagnus latifolia. For the first time, compound 4 was isolated from plant.
Effect of substituents on complex stability and characteristics of Csp2‐H∙∙∙O/S and O/S‐H∙∙∙S/Se hydrogen bonds in the systems of monosubstituted selenoformaldehyde with H2O and H2S
Authors: Cuc Nguyen Thi Thanh , Quyen Le Thi Tu , Hau Ho Cong , Cam Nguyen Thi Dieu , Ngan Vu Thi , Trung Nguyen Tien
Published: March 2024

Twenty stable geometrical structures of RCHSe∙∙∙nH2Z (R = H, F, Cl, Br, CH3; n = 1, 2; Z = O, S) were observed on potential surface energy. The strength of complexes increases in the order of substituted derivatives H < F < Cl < Br < CH3. The O–H∙∙∙O H‐bond is ca. four times stronger than the S–H∙∙∙S counterpart while Csp2–H∙∙∙S bond strength is about half of the Csp2–H∙∙∙O bond strength. This work reveals that a contraction of the Csp2–H bond length and an increase of its stretching frequency upon complexation are induced as replacing an H atom in H2CSe by CH3, and an inverse trend is observed in the case of F/Cl/Br halogen substitution. In addition, magnitude of Z–H bond elongation accompanied by a decrease of its stretching frequency increase in the order of substitution of F ~ Cl ~Br < H < CH3, following complexation. For RCHSe∙∙∙H2Z binary system, when H2O molecule is substituted by H2S, the Csp2–H blue‐shift in Csp2–H∙∙∙Z H‐bond is decreased, while the Z–H red‐shift in the Z–H∙∙∙Se H‐bond is increased, and an inverse change is detected in the case of ternary system. When adding one H2O molecule to the binary system, the Csp2–H blue‐shift of Csp2–H∙∙∙Z for H/CH3‐substituted derivatives is increased, while an increase in the Csp2–H red‐shift of Csp2–H∙∙∙Z H‐bond is observed for F/Cl/Br‐substituted derivatives.
Synthesis of polyurethane/polyurea microcapsules carrying diisocyanate in self‐healing epoxy coating
Authors: Mai Chau Ngoc , Ha La Thi Thai , Oanh Nguyen Kieu
Published: March 2024

Recently, self‐healing coating has been emerged and become one of the most crucial and critical materials with an excellent potential to repair physical damage and prevent cracks from expansion as an anticorrosion element to lengthen the coating lifespan. The determining factor in self‐healing coating is that the microcapsules containing a self‐curing liquid, which quickly fills up the cracks when the coatings are cut. Microcapsule embracing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as a strong self‐healing agent requiring no catalyst has been continuously innovated to be utilized in reality; however, its core content is still low (50‐70 %) and the effects on it were not systematically investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize polyurethane/polyurea microcapsules carrying a higher content of IPDI to be potentially applied in self‐healing epoxy coating. As a result, the newly developed spherical microcapsules were obtained with a core content of nearly 80 %, which is far higher than previous research. Moreover, the self‐healing ability of epoxy coating containing 10 wt.% of these microcapsules was apparently demonstrated as illustrated in SEM images, along with its excellent anticorrosion, preventing 92.5 % of cracks from corrosion after immersed in 3.5 % NaCl solution for 72 hours.
Corrosion inhibition and adsorption mechanism of Morus nigra on mild steel in acidic medium: A sustainable and green approach
Authors: Kumar Harish , Sharma Shalu , Kumari Rajni
Published: March 2024

Morus nigra (Mulberry leaves) was tested as a green inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M HCl by theoretical, surface study, and experimental techniques. The impedance, polarization, microscopy, Langmuir, and DFT (computational) techniques were used for the adsorption and corrosion inhibition study. The experimental and theoretical study supports each other results. Adsorption parameters were observed by Langmuir, Gaussian09W (DFT), and BIOVIA Materials Studio softwares. The surface study was carried out by metallurgical microscopy technique. The theoretical study includes chemical potential, electron‐donating power, chemical hardness, HOMO, LUMO, metal inhibitor interaction energy, adsorption energy, etc. UV‐visible, NMR, and FTIR studies show that aspartic acid is the major constituent present in the mulberry leaves extract. A 91.62% corrosion protection was provided by the Morus nigra at 1000 ppm. Polarization study proved mixed inhibition. The green inhibitor follows both physical and chemical modes of adsorption. The biochemical and chemical oxygen demand of unused acid left after the gravimetric study was found in an acceptable range.