bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computation of the Hydrodynamic Forces and Moments Developed on a Body of Revolution at Combined Angles of Attack and Angles of Drift and Yawing Angular Velocities
Authors: Hong Y. S.
Published: October 2022

The accurate prediction of the hydrodynamic forces and moments developed on the hull and appendages of a submerged vehicle is required for determining its stability, control, and maneuvering characteristics. Various analytical methods have been developed to make these predictions, including those of computational fluid dynamics, but none of them have been totally successful. This is because it is particularly difficult to accurately determine both the distribution of the velocity over the surface of the hull and the location of the separation lines. The location of the lines of separation has an important effect on the magnitude of the hydrodynamic forces and moments developed on the hull.

The present method is an extension of the technique discussed in Reference 1. It is assumed that the total hydrodynamic force and moment can be divided into inviscid and viscous parts. The inviscid part of the forces and moments is computed using three dimensional potential theory. The body surface is discretized with many surface elements and the unknown strengths of the source and sink at each surface element are assumed to be constant. The velocities at surface elements are computed and saved for later computation of the viscous forces and moments. The viscous part of the forces and moments is computed with the application of the boundary layer theory for laminar and turbulent flows. The axial force is computed with the method of developed by Young (2). The lateral forces and its moments are computed under the assumption that there is separation in the two-dimensional cross flow. The boundary layer equation is solved to the separation point and the frictional drag is integrated to compute frictional force. Furthermore, it is assumed that a constant pressure is acting on the two dimensional section beyond the separation point.
Development of a Waterjet Propulsor for the Marine Corps High Water Speed Landing Craft Application
Authors: Stricker J. , Becnel A. J. , Purnell J. G.
Published: October 2022

An advanced high performance waterjet propulsor was developed as part of the Marine Corps Surface Mobility technology development effort. Design optimization, performance estimating, and hydrodynamic design procedures are described for a propulsion unit required to meet specified thrust, power, and envelope characteristics. Testing of a 10-inch scale model and trials of the full scale propulsion units in both the HWSTD (High Water Speed Technology Demonstrator) and PSD (Propulsion System Demonstrator) developmental vehicles are described and performance data correlations presented.
Numerical vs. Experimental Cavitation Tunnel (A supercavitating hydrofoil experiment)
Authors: Kinnas S. A. , Mazel C. H.
Published: October 2022

A supercavitating hydrofoil experiment is performed at the MIT Variable Pressure water tunnel, at several angles of attack and cavitation numbers. The velocity is measured on a rectangular contour surrounding the foil and cavity, and the results are compared to those from an analysis method. Forces are inferred from momentum integrations of the measured velocities and also compared to those predicted from the analysis.
Design Method and Application of an Asymmetric Stator Upstream of an Inclined Shaft Propeller
Authors: Neely S. K. , McMahon J. , Chen B. Y-H.
Published: October 2022

stator upstream of a propeller in an inclined flow. Two contrasting applications of this method are presented. The first application is an asymmetric stator and a matched propeller design for a typical surface ship with an inclined shaft propeller. The primary purpose of this design is simply to validate the design method. A new propeller and a large span asymmetric stator are designed which increase propulsive efficiency relative to an existing propeller. Model test results are provided which show that significant flow smoothing is achieved across the entire span of the propeller. The. model tests show that the predicted increase in propulsive efficiency of 6-7% was achieved. The second application is a backfit to a high speed U.S. Coast Guard patrol boat. The purpose of this design is to eliminate severe cavitation erosion near the root of the existing propeller. A small span asymmetric stator is designed to operate with the existing propeller. Details of the design and cavitation predictions are provided. Cavitation erosion tests in the DTMB water tunnel demonstrate that the severe erosion can be eliminated.
Improvement of Surface Ship Propeller Cavitation Performance Using Advanced Blade Sections
Authors: Bailar J. W. , Jessup S. D. , Shen Y. T.
Published: October 2022

A propeller design procedure incorporating new propeller blade sections has been developed to improve propeller cavitation inception. Two dimensional foil design procedures of Shen and Eppler provide geometry for a specified blade pressure distribution. Advanced propeller lifting surface design procedures then generate propeller geometry. Panel method analysis verifies final design changes. Resulting propeller geometries produce a specified blade pressure distribution with improved blade surface cavitation inception.

A series of new blade section model propeller s has been designed and tested for cavitation and powering performance. The new propellers show a 2-3 knot improvement in blade surface cavitation inception speed. The new section propeller s also show some Reynolds number effects on powering, requiring higher speed testing than conventional blade section propellers.
Propeller Parametric Study for Mid-Term Fast Sealift Ships
Authors: Kim K-H. , Fraas J. F.
Published: October 2022

A program was initiated in 1990 to assess new and alternative technologies for application to mid-term fast sealift ships that could be under contract in 1998 or later. A variety of baseline hull configurations have been developed in this program. This paper presents a parametric study of powering performance of three baseline hull configurations. They are a 30-knot, twin-skeg ship, a 20-knot single-shaft ship, and a 35-knot triple-shaft ship. Comparisons of propulsive performance between open-single and contrarotating (CR) propellers are presented. The predictions indicate that CR propellers will improve propulsive efficiency by about 7 to 9 percent for the three baselines. It is concluded that the 30-knot, twin-skeg ship is the most promising candidate for the mid-term fast sealift ship. A model test program is underway to confirm the predicted powering performance for this ship. Single and CR propellers will be designed, manufactured, and tested on the model hull.
Propeller Erosion Reduction with an Asymmetric Preswirl Stator
Authors: Smith T. B. , Remmers K. D.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the results of a series of model-scale tests of the erosion-reduction capabilities of a partial-span asymmetric preswirl stator on the propeller of a large United States Coast Guard (USCG) patrol boat. The propeller and stator were tested at one-third scale (A - 3 .2) in the DTRC 36-inch Variable Pressure Water Tunnel (VPWT). A single shaft strut upstream of the propeller and a shaft inclination of 9.25° simulated the full-scale propeller flow field. Cavitation erosion tendency was investigated using an erodable coating painted on the propeller blades. Stator performance was evaluated in a series of model tests at 30 knots, both with and without the currently- installed cavitation relief holes, using three different series of stator blade angle of attack settings These high Reynolds number experiments showed that the blade root erosion tendency was almost completely eliminated by the preswirl stator with the cavitation relief holes at the propeller blade root closed. A lesser degree of erosion relief was provided by the preswirl stator with the cavitation relief holes open.
Propeller Tip Cavitation Suppression Using Selective Polymer Injections
Authors: Chahine G. L. , Frederick G. F. , Baseman R. D.
Published: October 2022

Selective injection of a drag-reducing polymer solution into the tip vortex region of the blades of an 11.5 inch diameter propeller is seen to be effective in significantly delaying tip vortex cavitation. For well positioned injection ports, the cavitation number at inception was decreased by as much as 35 percent. Injections of water and a mixture of water and glycerin for the same conditions did not affect the inception characteristics of the blades. Propeller thrust and lift were not affected at the selective polymer injection rate needed to affect the cavitation characteristics of the propeller.
Calibration of the Wavemaker System in the Offshore Engineering Basin at the Institute for Marine Dynamics
Authors: Murray J. J. , Mak L. M. , Sullivan M. A.
Published: October 2022

The wavemaker system at the Institute for Marine Dynamics (IMD) in St. John’s, Newfoundland was designed to simulate oblique regular and irregular waves as well as short crested waves, sometimes referred to as multi-directional waves. At present, the wavemaker system consists of 192 segments arranged in a J configuration. Mesh-type wave absorbers are installed on the remaining sides of the basin. Each segmented wavemaker can be operated in five modes of articulation to optimize its motion with respect to the type of waves being generated. The concept of this J design is to surround a model on three sides with controllable boundaries, thus providing a wider range of spreading angles in short crested waves. Consequently, these wavemakers must be capable of simultaneous wave generation and absorption. Initial calibrations of the wave generation system are now completed for regular waves and irregular uni-directional and multidirectional waves. Typical wave calibration results are presented in this paper. Results of preliminary investigations into wave absorption are also presented and discussed.
Developments at University of New Orleans Towing Tank, 1989-1992
Authors: Latorre R.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents some of the developments in the University of New Orleans Towing Tank over the period May 1989 to May 1992. During these three years a number of research projects were initiated and completed, as well as tank equipment brought on-line.
Development Studies for a Six Degree-of-Freedom Marine Dynamic Test Facility
Authors: Mackay M. , Unsworth G. , Panton G. , Theriault Y.
Published: October 2022

This paper outlines development studies for a large six degree-of-freedom dynamic test rig proposed for the IMD Clearwater Towing Tank. A full size pilot test rig, fully functional in the vertical plane, was built for this purpose. Tests were done on a static frame in air and water, using a 2 m long submarine hull model. A number of the principal test results are presented and discussed.
The Deep Water Multi-Directional Wave Basin at the Offshore Technology Research Center
Authors: Johnson R. P.
Published: October 2022

The Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC) Deepwater, multidirectional wave basin, located in College Station, Texas, was commissioned in March of 1991. This model testing facility supports OTRC engineering science and research investigations into the unique challenges associated with deep-water operations. Scale model studies of wave kinematics and wave structure interactions in deep-water have been conducted.

The basin is 45.7 m x 30.5 m x 5.8 m. A 9.1 m x 4.6 m pit has an adjustable floor to allow depths from 5.8 m to 16.7 m. Forty-eight individually controlled, hydraulically actuated, hinged wave boards, located on one end of the basin, are used to generate regular, random, long-crested and short-crested seas. A progressive wave absorber consisting of variable porosity vertical screens is located opposite the wavemaker to minimize wave reflections.

Wave generation and data acquisition is accomplished using an integrated software package operating on a single workstation computer. Capabilities to simulate surface and sub-surface currents is currently being installed. Side wave absorbers and wind simulation capabilities are planned for installation next year. Video techniques will be developed to assist in measuring and characterizing short crested seas.
Radar Imaging of Surface Ship Wake Flows
Authors: Nicolas K. R. , Weller C. S. , Lindenmuth W. T. , Cheng B. H.
Published: October 2022

Promising results have been achieved in the development of radar diagnostic techniques for the mapping of water surface velocities in the laboratory environment of the Maneuvering and Sea Keeping Basin (MASK) at DTMB. High resolution measurements, with the Radar Image Modeling System (RIMS ) instrumentation radar, mapped the structure of the transverse surface velocities of the wake from a self-propelled ship model. The wake center has a broad distribution of transverse velocities with speeds of typically 10 cm/sec. The outer wake exhibits higher transverse velocities, e.g. 25 cm/ sec, which are interpreted as the sum of the water velocity and the capillary wave phase speed.
Scaling SES [Surface Effect Ship] Motions
Authors: Lavis D. R.
Published: October 2022

There has been renewed interest concerning the subject of scaling, to fullscale, the seakeeping motions of SES models. This paper has been prepared in response to this interest. The paper reviews the historical background to the subject as treated in the United States and the United Kingdom and important items of difficulty are discussed. Future studies which can further our understanding of the problem are suggested.
Identificación de necesidades de los cuidadores informales: estudio exploratorio
Authors: Noell Boix Rosa , Ochandorena-Acha Mirari , Reig-Garcia Gloria , Moreno-Casbas María Teresa , Casas-Baroy Joan Carles
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Population aging is one of the main issues in public health within developed countries. Informal caregivers play a central role in this scenario, which can affect them negatively. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the needs of informal caregivers related to the care of dependent persons of a Basic Health Area.Method: Qualitative and phenomenological study. Four informal caregivers in charge of non-institutionalized patients took part. These patients expressed their opinions in a semi-structured interview, that was deductively analyzed afterwards.Results: The analysis showed three key subjects: the effects of caregiving (how this task negatively affects the global health of the caregivers); difficulties related to care (related to the process of adaptation once at home, prevention of wounds, accidents and mobility issues), and caregiving learning strategies (by deductive reasoning, observation and formation).Conclusions: Caregiving has a negative effect on the caregivers’ global health. They show some difficulties in the execution of their tasks, and they declare that they are using various caregiving learning methods. Interventions directed at informal caregivers should include aspects related to health improvement and caregiving training.

Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población es uno de los principales retos de la salud pública en los países desarrollados. Los cuidadores informales emergen como uno de los principales actores en este escenario, y esto puede afectarlos de forma negativa.Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las necesidades de los cuidadores informales relacionadas con el cuidado de una persona dependiente de una zona básica de salud.Método: Estudio cualitativo y fenomenológico. Participaron en él cuatro cuidadores informales de pacientes no institucionalizados, a quienes se le realizó una entrevista semiestructurada. Posteriormente se realizó un análisis deductivo del discurso.Resultados: El análisis mostró tres temas clave: efecto del cuidar (cuidar tiene efectos negativos en la salud global de los cuidadores), dificultades relacionadas con el cuidado (relacionadas con las adaptaciones en el domicilio, la prevención de heridas, accidentes y movilizaciones) y estrategias de aprendizaje del cuidar (por lógica, observación y formación)Conclusiones: Cuidar tiene un efecto negativo sobre la salud global de los cuidadores. Estos presentan dificultades a la hora de cuidar, y manifiestan utilizar diferentes metodologías para el aprendizaje de los cuidados. Las intervenciones dirigidas a los cuidadores informales deberían incluir aspectos relacionados con la mejoría de su salud y su formación en cuidados.
Climaterio relacionado al estilo de vida en mujeres de una población mexiquense
Authors: Martínez-Garduño María Dolores , Cruz Bello Patricia , Martínez González Eduardo , Rios-Becerril Jenyfer , Gómez-Torres Danelia
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The woman in the climacteric presents diverse physiological, physical, psychological and social changes, due not only to the hormonal decrease, but also to the lifestyle.Women in the climacteric period present diverse physiological, physical, psychological and social changes, due not only to hormonal decline, but also to lifestyle.Objective: To analyze the relationship between climacteric and lifestyle in a population of The State of Mexico.Methodology: Quantitative, correlational and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 143 women aged 45 and 59 years, non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Two instruments were applied: Nola Pender's Lifestyle Profile (PEPS-I) and Blatt Kupperman's scale (IMK). The Project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. The data were analyzed with the SPSS Vs 25 program. Descriptive statistics and Spearman's rho were established.Results: Lifestyle was found to be regular in most of the participating women (91.2%), µ= 108.87±14.21 minimum of 76 and maximum of 147; regarding climacteric symptoms µ= 10.09±4.9 minimum of 0 and maximum of 23 was observed. A statistically significant correlation of the two study variables was obtained (Rho= p≤ 0.05).Conclusion: The women lifestyle during climacteric is regular and is related to lifestyle.

Introducción: La mujer en el climaterio presenta diversos cambios fisiológicos, físicos, psicológicos y sociales, debidos no solo a la disminución hormonal, sino también al estilo de vida Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el climaterio y el estilo de vida en una población mexiquense.Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional y transversal. La muestra se conformó por 143 mujeres de 45 a 59 años de edad, muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos: Perfil de Estilo de Vida (PEPS-I) de Nola Pender y escala de Blatt Kupperman (IMK). Proyecto aprobado por Comité de Ética en Investigación. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa SPSS Vs 25. Se estableció estadísticos descriptivos y rho de Spearman.Resultados: El estilo de vida resultó ser regular en la mayoría de las mujeres participantes (91.2%), se observó µ= 108.87±14.21 mínima de 76 y máxima de 147; respecto a los síntomas del climaterio se observó µ= 10.09±4.9 mínima de 0 y máxima de 23. Se obtuvo una correlación estadísticamente significativa de las dos variables estudio (Rho= p≤ 0.05). Conclusión: El estilo de vida de las mujeres durante el climaterio es regular y se relaciona con el estilo de vida.
“Vecinos en armas”. Identidad y conflictos en las milicias de catalanes creadas durante las invasiones inglesas.
Authors: Martínez Llamas David
Published: October 2022

During the British Invasions (1806-1807), a militarization process of the society of the Rio de la Plata began, and it crystallized in the creation of diverse militias to defend the territory. The new provincially based groups, identified themselves as neighbours who volunteered to take part in the conflict, and that broke the traditional structure of this viceregal figure. This provoked tough opposition, and diverse conflicts, with several military commanders and high authorities of the viceregal’s institutions. This article will focus in the militia groups formed by the Catalan community in tackle with them: how they adopted their own militia identity, the opposition they found and how they used this new status to intervene in the new paths of political participation that opened in the hard damaged, but not broken, viceregal structure during the military conflict.

Durante las Invasiones Inglesas (1806-1807), se inició un proceso de militarización de la sociedad rioplatense que cristalizó en la creación de diversas milicias para la defensa del territorio y que rompieron con los esquemas tradicionales de esa figura virreinal. Los nuevos grupos, de base provincial, se identificaron como vecinos que voluntariamente se prestaban a participar del conflicto. Esto provocó una fuerte oposición, y diversos conflictos, con varios mandos militares y altos cargos de las instituciones virreinales. Este artículo se centrará en los grupos milicianos formados por la comunidad catalana para abordar con ellos: cómo adoptaron una identidad miliciana propia, las oposiciones que se encontraron y cómo se sirvieron de este nuevo estatus para intervenir en los nuevos caminos de participación política que se abrieron durante el conflicto bélico en la resquebrajada, pero no rota, estructura virreinal.
En el bando equivocado. Una aproximación al proceso histórico y a los relatos de la historiografía uruguaya sobre la participación política popular en Montevideo, 1806-1814.
Authors: Ferreira Pablo
Published: October 2022

The article rebuilds the political cycle that began in Montevideo with the English invasions of the Río de la Plata in 1806 and ended with the fall of the Spanish government in 1814. It offers an analysis of the modalities and spaces of popular political participation, while questioning the composition of these classes and their link with the political identities that were born in that period. At the same time, it proposes a thought on the ways in which these traditions of collective action were recovered by Uruguayan historiography, since the mid-nineteenth century. In this regard, there is a double exclusion of these groups by historiography. On one hand, their plebeian nature made them invisible to an academic tradition that used predominantly elitist sources. On the other hand, the fact that these classes have adhered to loyal positions left them out of the dominant memories of the nation.

El artículo reconstruye el ciclo político iniciado en Montevideo con las invasiones inglesas al Río de la Plata en 1806 y que cierra con la caída del gobierno español en 1814. Propone un análisis sobre las modalidades y espacios de participación política popular, al tiempo que se interroga por la composición de estas clases y su vínculo con las identidades políticas gestadas en el periodo. Por otra parte, propone una reflexión sobre las maneras en que fueron recuperadas por la historiografía uruguaya estas tradiciones de acción colectiva, desde mediados de siglo XIX. En tal sentido se advierte una doble exclusión de estos grupos por parte de la historiografía. Por un lado, su carácter plebeyo los hizo invisibles para una tradición académica que utilizó predominantemente fuentes elitistas. Por otro lado, el hecho de que estas clases hayan adherido a posiciones leales las dejó fuera de las memorias dominantes de la nación.
Política y trabajo en la historiografía en torno a los sirvientes domésticos en el siglo XIX mexicano.
Authors: Beltrán Abarca Francisco Javier
Published: October 2022

This article proposes an analysis of the presence of urban domestic servants in Mexicanist historiography published since the mid-20th century. The purpose is to critically examine theoretical perspectives, methodological approaches and documentary sources that have been used and discussed to explain their participation in the world of work and in the world of politics during the nineteenth century, assumed as two spheres subject to links. Thus, the focus of attention is placed on the historiographical problem of the politicization of servants from the liberal reforms associated with the process of Independence until the prelude to the Mexican Revolution. Although not always recognized in the foreground, this issue is presented as a nodal to understand the limitations and scope of academic studies for the construction of a current historical memory that conceives them precisely as historical subjects.

Este artículo propone un análisis de la presencia de los sirvientes domésticos urbanos en la historiografía mexicanista publicada desde mediados del siglo XX. El objetivo es examinar críticamente perspectivas teóricas, abordajes metodológicos y fuentes documentales que han sido utilizadas y discutidas para aproximarnos a su participación en el mundo del trabajo y en el mundo de la política durante el siglo XIX, entendidas como dos esferas estrechamente vinculadas. En ese sentido, se pone el foco de atención en el problema historiográfico de la politización de los sirvientes a partir de las reformas liberales asociadas al proceso de Independencia hasta la antesala de la Revolución mexicana. Aunque no siempre reconocida en primer plano, esa cuestión se presenta como nodal para comprender las limitaciones y alcances de los estudios académicos para la construcción de una memoria histórica actual que los conciba precisamente como sujetos históricos.
Il tempo e la crisi. Analisi di un binomio costitutivo della modernità europea
Authors: Ampollini Andrea
Published: October 2022

This article aims to reconstruct the history of the concept of crisis and its links with the main temporal models of European modernity, paying particular attention to Marxian thought and to some of the most significant critiques that have been addressed to it. During this historical and conceptual analysis, three objectives will be basically pursued: firstly, to show the positive meaning that ‘crisis’ has assumed within the modern philosophies of history and to investigate its debts with the Judeo-Christian tradition; secondly, to prove that Marx did not intend to support, as he has often been accused of, any staged and linear conception of history, but rather to highlight the existence of different temporal strata, within which ‘crisis’ does not produce any forced outcome; finally, to analyze how, between the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, authors like Nietzsche and Spengler tried to eliminate – without succeeding – faith in historical progress.
Salvador Luria
Authors: Selya Rena
Published: October 2022

The life of Nobel-winning biologist Salvador Luria, whose passion for science was equaled by his commitment to political engagement in Cold War America.

Blacklisted from federal funding review panels but awarded a Nobel Prize for his research on bacteriophage, biologist Salvador Luria (1912–1991) was as much an activist as a scientist. In this first full-length biography of Luria, Rena Selya draws on extensive archival research; interviews with Luria's family, colleagues, and students; and FBI documents obtained through the Freedom of Information Act to create a compelling portrait of a man committed to both science and society.

In addition to his work with viruses and bacteria in the 1940s, Luria broke new ground in molecular biology and cancer research from the 1950s to the 1980s and was a leader in calling for scientists to accept an educational and advisory responsibility to the public. In return, he believed, the public should rely on science to strengthen social and political institutions.

Luria was born in Italy, where the Fascists came to power when he was ten. He left Italy for France due to the antisemetic Race Laws of 1938, and then fled as a Jewish refugee from Nazi Europe, making his way to the United States. Once an American citizen, Luria became a grassroots activist on behalf of civil rights, labor representation, nuclear disarmament, and American military disengagement from the Vietnam and Gulf Wars. Luria joined the MIT faculty in 1960 and was the founding director of the Center for Cancer Research. Throughout his life he remained as passionate about his engagement with political issues as about his science, and continued to fight for peace and freedom until his death.
Landscape Design under the Influence of Digitalization
Authors: FeiYan Li , XuDong Xing
Published: October 2022

Landscape design under the influence of digitalization is studied in the paper. The ultimate purpose of environmental design is to apply social, economic, artistic, technological, political and other comprehensive means to meet the needs of people's existence and development in the urban environment. The artistic image generation of forest landscape is in its various constituent elements and space with its own laws of formal beauty. The interplay of different elements as the interweaving and fusion of different elements constitute the garden environment, form and other different artistic The artistic image of the garden landscape space is more harmonious and unified, and in the human aesthetic interest in the world of human emotions. This paper gives the novel ideas for the digital analysis and provide the novel suggestions.
The Impact of Internal Audit Practices on Financial Management of Local Government Authorities: The Case of Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania
Authors: Selemani Zabia , Tlegray John
Published: October 2022

This study intended to explore the impact of internal audit practices on financial management of the Tanzanian LGAs, mainly at Morogoro Municipal. Descriptive and multiple regression analysis were applied on the collected data through survey instrument. Our findings indicate internal audit independence and quality of internal audit work significantly affect financial management in the stated LGAs. On the other hand, internal audit proficiency has no negative insignificant impact on financial management. It is recommended that LGAs should ensure that internal auditors are always equipped with relevant audit experience to enable them carry out their activities with confidence. Also, independence of internal auditors in Tanzanian LGAs must be significantly emphasized in order to ensure effective operations and management of public resources. Since our study concentrated only in one Municipal Council (Morogoro Municipality), it is recommended that future studies should consider the remaining Municipals in Tanzania. Morever, consideration of qualitative research approach will add more in-depth understanding on how internal audit practices explain effective financial management principles in Tanzania. This can be achieved by applying focus group discussion, interview and other relevant means of data collection apart from survey instrument which is constrained by biasness.
Pattern of Neonatal Mortality at a Special Care Baby Unit in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: West Boma Awoala , Onubogu Uchenna , Arthur Adaku
Published: October 2022

Background: Neonatal mortality rate is an important indicator which does not only reflect the overall health of a child and well-being but also assesses the social and economic development of a country.

Aim: The study was carried out to determine the pattern and factors associated with neonatal mortality.

Methods and Materials: It was a retrospective study carried out in the Special care Baby Unit of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020.

Results: Of 2,944 neonatal admissions, 358 died giving a mortality of 12.2% with male preponderance (M:F ratio of 1.5:1). Majority of the neonates who died were admitted within the first 24 hours of life 289(80.7%) and were delivered via Caesarean section 195(54.4%). Most deaths occurred in the first 7 days of life 189(52.8%). The commonest cause of mortality was neonatal sepsis 183 (51.1%) followed by perinatal asphyxia 178(49.7%) and prematurity 176(49.2%). Most mortalities occurred between 4.00pm and 7.59 am 218(61.0%) outside regular work hours. The lowest annual mortality was recorded in the year 2020 (6.36%) while the highest was in the year 2018 (19.27%). There was significant mortality within 24hours of admission among neonates < 1.5 kg as well as those with sepsis, anaemia and neonatal jaundice.

Conclusion: The mortality rate of neonates in the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital was high, 12.2% with neonatal sepsis, perinatal asphyxia and prematurity being the commonest causes which are largely preventable. There is therefore need to improve obstetric and newborn care to improve neonatal outcome.
Non-commutativity Over Canonical Suspension η for Genus g ≥1 in Hypercomplex Structures for Potential ρϕ
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep
Published: October 2022

Any matrix multiplication is non-commutative which has been shown here in terms of suspension‡, annihilator, and factor as established over a ring following the parameter k over a set of elements upto n for an operator to map the ring R to its opposite Rop having been through a continuous representation of permutation upto n-cycles being satisfied for a factor f along with its inverse  f-1 over a denoted orbit γ on k-parameterized ring justified via suspension η ∈ η0, η1 implying the same global non-commutativity for the annihilator A. This will be used for the construction of the genus–alteration scenario where the suspension η0 acting with its opponent   η1 on any topological space  J can alter the geometry making a change in the manifolds for taking over the Boolean (1,0) satisfying the concerned operations.
Pathological Impact and Disease Burden of Human Onchocerciasis in Endemic Areas of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Onojafe J. O. , Egwunyenga A. O. , Eke S. S.
Published: October 2022

Background to the Study/Aim: The context of onchocerciasis being one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Nigeria; and the predicted increase in the rate of spread of tropical diseases and vectors to higher altitude, as a result of climate change and global warming, underscores the need for more studies on the disease. Thus, this research was conducted to examine the pathological impact and disease burden of human onchocerciasis on the infected in endemic communities in three local government areas of Delta State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved four stages. Stage one was visual acuity test on those who volunteered to take part in the research. Stage two was the physical examination of individuals for characteristic onchocercal lesions. The third stage was the collection of skin snips from individuals while the fourth stage was microscopic examination of the skin snips for microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. The second phase examined the impact of the disease and was carried out with the aid of a structured questionnaire.

Results: The results showed that human onchocerciasis existed in the study area. Out of the 1,201 persons, comprising of 826 (68.8%) males and 375 (31.2%) females examined, 138 were positive for the onchocercal parasite. The infected, consisted of 101 (12.2%) males and 37 (9.9%) females. Generally, infected persons had manifestations ranging from ocular defects, visual problems to skins disfiguration.

Conclusion: In addition to the administration of ivermectin and vector control, psychosocial and economic needs of the infected should be addressed through counseling and offering of palliating assistance to reduce their economic problems and give them feeling of independence.
A Case Report of Delayed Syphilis Diagnosis in Pregnancy
Authors: Raminta Stuopelytė , Dalia Laužikienė , Algirdas Šumila
Published: October 2022

Aims: To report a case of primary genital syphilis in a pregnant woman, which is atypical due to the delayed diagnosis, course of the disease and to emphasize its reasons and clinical management.

Presentation of Case: We present a pregnant primiparous woman G1P0A0 complaining of pain and growing lesion in the perineal area. She was misdiagnosed and unsuccessfully treated for the perineal abscess several times. The diagnosis of syphilis was delayed because of the negative prenatal syphilis test result in the first trimester. The negative test result misled doctors into immediately dismissing the diagnosis of syphilis. In addition to the delayed diagnosis, after the correct diagnosis regardless of an appropriate treatment with benzathine penicillin G, the pain and the chancre recurred possibly due to the reinfection during intercourse with an infected partner.

Discussion: Diagnosing syphilis may be complicated itself. In this case there were several factors that made the correct diagnosis and successful treatment even more difficult. These were: negative prenatal screening, reinfection and recurrence of the symptoms after treatment.

Conclusion: With this case we emphasize the importance to repeat the syphilis testing if the diagnosis of syphilis is suspected, regardless of previous negative first trimester syphilis screening result and importance of sexual partner’s screening and treatment if infected.
Effect of Supplementation of Concentrate Containing ZnSO4 and Zn-Cu Isoleucinate on Growth and Post Partum Reproductive Performance of Bali Cows Grazing Native Pastures
Authors: Hartati E. , Telupere F. M. S. , Kleden M. M. , Lestari G. A. Y. , Oematan G. , Ola A. R. B. , Jelantik I. G. N.
Published: October 2022

Aims: This research was carried out to evaluate effect of supplementation of ZnSO4 and Zn-Cu isoleucinate into Complete Feed Plus (CFP) on the growth in the last period of pregnancy and the post partum reproduction efficiency of Bali cows reared semi-intensively.

Study Design: The experiment employed twenty seven Bali cows at the last period of pregnancy. The animals were grouped into three treatment groups consisted of grazing on the nearby pasture without supplement (R0), and supplemented with either Gliricidia and Leucaena leaves (R1), or with concentrate supplement containing 150 mg ZnSO4 kg-1 PCF DM and 2% Zn-Cu isoleucinate kg-1 diet DM (R2). Data collected was then analyzed using analysis of variance and then Duncan’s multiple range test for further test by using SPSS package Release 19.

Results: Results showed that supplementation with concentrate containing 150 mg ZnSO4.kg-1 DM PCF and 2% Zn-Cu isoleucinate.kg-1 DM diet increased significantly (P<0,01) the rumen propionate concentration, NH3-N concentration, plasma glucose, N and energy retention, daily gain of Bali cows in the last period of pregnancy, calf birth weight, estrous cycle and estrous post partum acceleration, and body weight of weaned calves. Average daily gain of Bali cows in the last period of pregnancy, calf birth weight, body weight of the weaned calves, estrous cycle and post-partum estrous were found on feed supplement treatment containing 150 mg ZnSO4 kg-1 DM of PCF and 2% Zn-Cu isoleucinate kg-1 DM of diet.

Conclusion: Supplementing grazing Bali cows with concentrate containing 150 mg ZnSO4.kg-1 DM PCF and 2% Zn-Cu isoleucinate.kg-1 DM diet improved calf’s birth weight and postpartum reproductive performance.
Mathematical Analysis of an Ebola Model with Carriers, Relapse and Re-infection
Authors: Onyango Brenda Achieng
Published: October 2022

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a zoonotic filovirus caused by an RNA virus of the family filoviridae and genus Ebolavirus. It is transmitted by direct human to human contact via body fluids or indirect contact with contaminated surfaces. Due to its transmission mode the disease spreads so fast. The previous outbreaks have caused high mortality rates of up to 90%. Currently African countries like Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda are experiencing a re-occurrence of EVD oubreak. The porous borders between African countries has always been an issue of concern with relevant authorities not taking meaningful measures to control cross border movement of persons. This poses a challenge to health systems especially in Kenya which is at a close proximity to Uganda. Ebola virus is known to persist in the immune-sites like the testicles, inside the eye and the central nervous system in people who have recovered from the disease. In women who get infected while pregnant the virus persists in the placenta, amniotic uid and the foetus whereas for lactating mothers the virus may persist in breast milk. In this paper, an ordinary differential equation that incorporates a carrier class after disease recovery, relapse and re-infection is formulated. The model is locally asymptotically stable when the reproduction number is less than one. The models endemic equilibrium indicate that the rate of change of infection with respect to time is zero, indicating that the disease is at a constant rate in the population regulated by deaths and recoveries. Simulation results show that Ebola disease carriers can contribute greatly to the disease burden.
On Characterization of Norm Attaining Operators in Frechet Spaces
Authors: Bernice Vashti , Wanjara Amos , Ojiema Michael
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the norm attaining operators in Frechet spaces are considered. These operators are characterized based on their density, normality, linearity and compactness. It is shown that the image is dense for a normal and injective operator in a Frechet space, as well as its inverse given that the operator is self-adjoint. A norm attaining operator in a Frechet space is also shown to be normal if its adjoint also attains its norm in the Frechet space, and the condition under which the norm attainability and the normality of an operator in a Frechet space coincides is given. Furthermore, a norm attaining operator between Frechet spaces is linear and bounded as well as its inverse. If a norm attaining, normal and dense operator is of finite rank, then it is compact. The study of norm attaining operators is applicable in algorithm concentration as seen in describing sphere packing.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A Infection among Young Adults in Ilorin
Authors: Pius Omosigho Omoruyi , Daniel Ugbomoiko , Esther James Omolola , Ekundayo Izevbuwa Osazee , David Akinola Ayoola , Anthony Otojareri Kohwo
Published: October 2022

Hepatitis A infection is predominantly caused by Hepatitis A virus which is transmitted by fecal-oral route through contaminated food or drinks. The virus’s ability to cause hepatitis poses as a major hazard to public health. This study was done to discover the widespread presence of hepatitis A among young adults in Ilorin, Kwara State. A Cross sectional sampling technique was employed to select the study population. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to acquire demographic information of the cohorts. Four hundred (400) young adults residing in Ilorin were the participants in the study.

Five mls of venous blood sample were obtained from each of the participants through venipuncture technique. The blood samples were separated and the serum used for qualitative analysis of hepatitis A virus IgG using EIA and indirect ELISA technique (Abbexa Ltd, UK).

Out of the four hundred (400) healthy young adult subjects, an overall distribution of 1.5% IgG Hepatitis A were found among participants in Ilorin. Fulminant stooling, location, gender, educational level, age and occupation were  risk factors for acquiring Hepatitis A infection. There was significant difference between Hepatitis A infection and Fulminant stooling (p<0.05). Previous history of blood transfusion was not statistically associated as a potential risk factor for Hepatitis A infection among Inhabitants in Ilorin. High prevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus IgG levels of the antibody was reported among young adult in this study. Based on the findings of this study, screening of hepatitis A virus for blood transfusion and food vendors, personal hygiene are highly advocated.
Conflict Management inside EAEU to Preserve Its Forum
Authors: Roedyati Joevi
Published: October 2022

Eurasian Economic Union members: The Eurasian Economic Union consists of five member states: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Armenia.

What is the Eurasian Economic Union?

The Eurasian Economic Union (EEU or EAEU is a project for the economic integration of the former Soviet region. Its formal objectives are to create a common market much like the European Union (EU). There are four targets of this forum, i.e:1) coordinating economic policy, 2.) eliminating non-tariff trade barriers,3) harmonizing regulations, and 4).modernizing the economies of its five member states. While the whole population of EEU member states is estimated 180 million people.

The EEU has some institutions inside it, i.e:  the Eurasian Economic Commission in Moscow as its regulatory body, and a Court of the Eurasian Economic Union based in Minsk. The Commission's power is limited. Member states disagreeing with its judgments can appeal to other bodies, and the Commission has no power to bring a member state before the Court in a case of non-compliance. Disputes are often resolved bilaterally rather than via EAEU institutions.

Bureaucratic forms of the EU have not been fully copied by the EAEU, which seems a slow phase of its development so far. This is might be caused by EAEU GDP in 2019 being the majority Russian economy (87%). Russia is by far the largest member state and dominates the Union. This domination means that Russia is easily able to act unilaterally within the union [1].
Major Developments During Medical School
Authors: Im Carolyn
Published: October 2022

In this narrative medicine essay, a second-year medical student discusses how she has managed her major depressive disorder while navigating medical school but is baffled that mental illness is so little discussed in medical curricula and beyond.
Prognostic biomarkers correlated with immune infiltration in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Fei , Cui Wen‐qiang , Liu Cun , Feng Fubin , Liu Ruijuan , Zhang Jingtao , Sun Chang‐gang
Published: October 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in men and women globally. Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent subtype, accounting for 85–90% of all cancers. Although there have been dramatic advances in therapeutic approaches in recent decades, the recurrence and metastasis rates of NSCLC are as high as 30–40% with the 5‐year overall survival rate being less than 15%. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the pathogenesis of NSCLC at the genetic level and identify prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Here, we aimed to identify mutated genes with high frequencies in Chinese NSCLC patients using next‐generation sequencing and to investigate their relationships with the tumor mutation burden (TMB) and tumor immune microenvironment. A total of 110 NSCLC patients were enrolled to profile the genetic variations. Mutations in EGFR (62.37%), TP53 (61.29%), LRP1B (13.98%), FAT1 (12.90%), KMT2D (11.83%), CREBBP (10.75%), and RB1 (9.68%) were most prevalent. TP53, LRP1B, KMT2D, and CREBBP mutations were all significantly associated with high TMB (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The infiltrating levels of immune cells and immune molecules were enriched significantly in the LRP1B mutation group. LRP1B mutations significantly correlated with stimulating and inhibitory immunoregulators. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that cell cycle, the Notch signaling pathway, the insulin signaling pathway, and the mTOR signaling pathway are related to LRP1B mutations in the immune system. LRP1B mutations may be of clinical importance in enhancing the anti‐tumor immune response and may be a promising biomarker for predicting immunotherapy responsiveness.