bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiplex pyrosequencing of InDel markers for forensic DNA analysis
Authors: Bus Magdalena M. , Karas Ognjen , Allen Marie
Published: October 2016

The capillary electrophoresis (CE) technology is commonly used for fragment length separation of markers in forensic DNA analysis. In this study, pyrosequencing technology was used as an alternative and rapid tool for the analysis of biallelic InDel (insertion/deletion) markers for individual identification. The DNA typing is based on a subset of the InDel markers that are included in the Investigator® DIPplex Kit, which are sequenced in a multiplex pyrosequencing analysis. To facilitate the analysis of degraded DNA, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments were kept short in the primer design. Samples from individuals of Swedish origin were genotyped using the pyrosequencing strategy and analysis of the Investigator® DIPplex markers with CE. A comparison between the pyrosequencing and CE data revealed concordant results demonstrating a robust and correct genotyping by pyrosequencing. Using optimal marker combination and a directed dispensation strategy, five markers could be multiplexed and analyzed simultaneously. In this proof‐of‐principle study, we demonstrate that multiplex InDel pyrosequencing analysis is possible. However, further studies on degraded samples, lower DNA quantities, and mixtures will be required to fully optimize InDel analysis by pyrosequencing for forensic applications. Overall, although CE analysis is implemented in most forensic laboratories, multiplex InDel pyrosequencing offers a cost‐effective alternative for some applications.
Is autopsy tissue a valid control for epilepsy surgery tissue in microRNA studies?
Authors: Roncon Paolo , Zucchini Silvia , Ferracin Manuela , Marucci Gianluca , Giulioni Marco , Michelucci Roberto , Rubboli Guido , Simonato Michele
Published: October 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed in the brain under pathologic conditions and may therefore represent both therapeutic targets and diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for neurologic diseases, including epilepsy. In fact, miRNA expression profiles have been investigated in the hippocampi of patients with epilepsy in comparison with control, nonepileptic cases. Unfortunately, the interpretation of these data is difficult because surgically resected epileptic tissue is generally compared with control tissue obtained from autopsies. To challenge the validity of this approach, we performed an miRNA microarray on the laser microdissected granule cell layer of the human hippocampus obtained from surgical samples of patients with epilepsy, autoptic nonepileptic controls, and patients with autoptic epilepsy, using the latter as internal control. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to collect autopsy material from documented epilepsy individuals who died of non–epilepsy‐related causes—we found only two such cases. However, hierarchical clustering of all samples showed that those obtained from autopsies of patients with epilepsy segregated with the other autoptic samples (controls) and not with the bioptic tissues from the surgery patients, suggesting that the origin of the tissue (surgery or autopsy) may be prevalent over the underlying pathology (epilepsy or not epilepsy). Even taking into account the limitations due to the small number of cases, this observation arises concerns on the use of autopsy tissue as control for this kind of studies.
Long‐Term Landscape Changes in the Lake Tana Basin as Evidenced by Delta Development and Floodplain Aggradation in Ethiopia
Authors: Abate Mengiste , Nyssen Jan , Moges Michael M. , Enku Temesgen , Zimale Fasikaw A. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Adgo Enyew , Steenhuis Tammo S.
Published: October 2016

Landscape response to drivers of change is more visible and noticeable in deltas and floodplains than in upstream. Here, we address the changes of Lake Tana basin by investigating the delta development of Gumara River and sediment deposition in the Fogera floodplain over a 58‐year period when agricultural land expanded, agriculture intensified, and flooding of the alluvial plain became more frequent. Old maps show that delta formation before the 1950s was minimal, indicating that the sediment contributed by the rivers to the lake was small. However, during the last 58 years, the delta has expanded continuously. When considering the same lake level (2·68 m) from 1984 to 2014, the delta has expanded an average of 5 ha annually, and by considering different lake levels and corresponding delta areas, the delta increased in height an average of 3 cm annually. While the growth of the delta was approximately linear, the sediment concentration in the river doubled in the last 30 years, indicating more efficient sediment trapping in the floodplain as a result of higher lake levels, rising river beds, and farmers intervening with the course of the river near the shore. Unless effective river restoration and catchment‐based treatment measures are put in place, the capacity of the rivers will further reduce and aggravate the flooding of the floodplain, causing more sediment deposition in the river channel and on the floodplain. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of 5‐Fluorouracil Loaded Micelles and Cisplatin in Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogel as an Efficient Therapy against Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Yun Qin , Wang Si Song , Xu Shan , Yang Jin Ping , Fan Juan , Yang Ling Lin , Chen Yue , Fu Shao Zhi , Wu Jing Bo
Published: October 2016

Colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis (CRPC) is a common systemic metastasis of intra‐abdominal cancers. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy against CRPC is at present the preferred treatment. The aim of this study is to develop a novel hydrogel drug delivery system through the combination of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) loaded polymeric micelles and cisplatin (DDP) in biodegradable thermosensitive chitosan (CS) hydrogel. The prepared CS hydrogel drug is a free‐flowing solution at room temperature and forms a stationary gel at body temperature. Therefore, a CRPC mouse model is established to investigate the antitumor activity of CS hydrogel drug system. The results suggest that intraperitoneal administration of CS hydrogel drug can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, and prolong survival time compared with other groups, thus improving the chemotherapeutic effect. Ki‐67 immunohistochemical analysis reveals that tumors in the CS hydrogel drug group has lower cell proliferation in contrast to other groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, hematoxylin‐eosin staining of liver and lung tissue indicates that the CS hydrogel drug has also a certain inhibitory effect on colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver and lung. Hence, the work highlights the potential clinical applications of the CS hydrogel drug.

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Renal recruitment of B lymphocytes exacerbates tubulointerstitial fibrosis by promoting monocyte mobilization and infiltration after unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Han Hui , Zhu Jinzhou , Wang Yaqiong , Zhu Zhengbin , Chen Yanjia , Lu Lin , Jin Wei , Yan Xiaoxiang , Zhang Ruiyan
Published: October 2016

Renal fibrosis is a significant threat to public health globally. Diverse primary aetiologies eventually result in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and immune cells influence this process. The roles of monocytes/macrophages, T cells, and mast cells have been carefully examined, whilst only a few studies have focused on the effect of B cells. We investigated B‐cell function in tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), using genetic B‐cell‐deficient μMT mice or CD20 antibody‐mediated B‐cell‐depleted mice. Obstructed kidneys of μMT and anti‐CD20‐treated mice showed lower levels of monocyte/macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition compared to wild‐type mice. Mechanistically, anti‐CD20 attenuated UUO‐induced alterations of renal tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) pro‐inflammatory genes, and CC chemokine ligand‐2 (CCL2) essential for monocyte recruitment; B cells were one of the main sources of CCL2 in post‐UUO kidneys. Neutralization of CCL2 reduced monocyte/macrophage influx and fibrotic changes in obstructed kidneys. Therefore, early‐stage accumulation of B cells in the kidney accelerated monocyte/macrophage mobilization and infiltration, aggravating the fibrosis resulting from acutely induced kidney nephropathy. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Role of Medicinal Plants for Liver‐Qi Regulation Adjuvant Therapy in Post‐stroke Depression: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Zeng Ling‐Feng , Cao Ye , Wang Lu , Dai Yun‐Kai , Hu Ling , Wang Qi , Zhu Li‐Ting , Bao Wen‐Hu , Zou Yuan‐Ping , Chen Yun‐Bo , Xu Wei‐Hua , Liang Wei‐Xiong , Wang Ning‐Sheng
Published: October 2016

Current evidence demonstrated certain beneficial effects of medicinal herbs as an adjuvant therapy for post‐stroke depression (PSD) in China; Chai‐hu (Chinese Thorowax Root, Radix Bupleuri) is an example of a medicinal plant for Liver‐Qi regulation (MPLR) in the treatment of PSD. Despite several narrative reports on the antidepressant properties of MPLR, it appears that there are no systematic reviews to summarize its outcome effects. Therefore, the aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of MPLR adjuvant therapy in patients with PSD. Seven databases were extensively searched from January 2000 until July 2016. Randomized control trials (RCTs) involving patients with PSD that compared treatment with and without MPLR were taken into account. The pooled effect estimates were calculated based on Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan 5.3. Finally, 42 eligible studies with 3612 participants were included. Overall, MPLR adjuvant therapy showed a significantly higher effective rate (RR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.19, 1.27; p < 0.00001) compared to those without. Moreover, the administration of MPLR was superior to abstainers regarding Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score changes after 3 weeks (WMD = −4.83; 95% CI = −6.82, −2.83; p < 0.00001), 4 weeks (WMD = −3.25; 95% CI = −4.10, −2.40; p < 0.00001), 6 weeks (WMD = −4.04; 95% CI = −5.24, −2.84; p < 0.00001), 8 weeks (WMD = −4.72; 95% CI = −5.57, −3.87; p < 0.00001), and 12 weeks (WMD = −3.07; 95% CI = −4.05, −2.09; p < 0.00001). In addition, there were additive benefits in terms of response changes for the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and other self‐rating scores. No frequently occurring or serious adverse events were reported. We concluded that there is supporting evidence that adjuvant therapy with MPLR is effective in reducing the depressive symptoms and enhancing quality of life for patients with PSD. More well‐designed RCTs are necessary to explore the role of MPLR in the treatment of PSD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving on equilibrium isotropic nuclear shielding constants
Authors: Ng Yee‐Hong , Bettens Ryan P. A.
Published: October 2016

Isotropic nuclear shielding constants at the equilibrium molecular structure σeq and zero‐point vibrational corrections (ZPVCs) to σeq are evaluated using the B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory, as well as the KT2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory. Various scaling factors and systematic corrections are obtained by linear regression to experimental shielding constants. Comparisons of the scaled and systematically corrected equilibrium and vibrationally averaged shielding constants reveal that, at the 99% confidence level, the ZPVCs via second‐order perturbation theory do not improve the agreement of B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ and KT2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ calculated shielding constants with experiment. This holds true when the same analysis is applied to CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pCV[TQ]Z calculated σeq of Teale et al. [Journal of Chemical Physics 2013, 138, 024111]. In addition, at the 99% confidence level, B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ and KT2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ scaled and systematically corrected shielding constants are found to be statistically no different from CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pCV[TQ]Z calculated σeq. The use of scaling factors and systematic corrections could thus provide a cheaper but yet reasonably accurate alternative for the study of nuclear shielding constants of larger systems.
Making it happen: Impact by design
Authors: Cook Bob , Jenkinson Daniel
Published: October 2016

How effective research helped PayPal to redefine its brand and strategic vision to make the movement and management of money better for people worldwide.
An enhanced user authentication solution for mobile payment systems using wearables
Authors: Wong Kok‐Seng , Kim Myung Ho
Published: October 2016

As technology continues to evolve, banks and other enterprises are restructuring their businesses to provide services to customers anywhere and anytime. However, it is challenging to move from conventional payment systems toward digital wallets across a range of payment services. Mobile devices are easily lost or stolen, so the rapid adoption of mobile devices for payment systems requires protection against unauthorized access to private applications and data. When mobile devices communicate with merchant point‐of‐sale systems, there is a risk of data leakage because third party applications in point‐of‐sale systems might access private data stored on the device without the user's knowledge or permission. We thus propose the use of wearable devices to store partial private data for the user and to participate in the user authentication. In this paper, we design a practical user authentication solution for mobile payment systems, and the main idea is to split the user's private data, such as credit card and banking information, and then store them across two separate devices (e.g., a smartphone and a wearable device). Our solution can improve the security of existing mobile payment systems that utilize user biometrics as an authentication factor, such as Apple Pay and Samsung Pay. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A more secure and privacy‐aware anonymous user authentication scheme for distributed mobile cloud computing environments
Authors: Amin Ruhul , Islam SK Hafizul , Biswas G.P. , Giri Debasis , Khan Muhammad Khurram , Kumar Neeraj
Published: October 2016

Now‐a‐days, the low‐power handheld mobile devices make our life more comfortable. With the fast advancement of mobile communication technologies and Internet, mobile users are accessing remote services at home over the Internet. Recently, Tsai and Lo put forwarded a user authentication scheme for distributing mobile cloud environments. Unfortunately, we observed that Tsai and Lo's scheme suffers from user impersonation attack and known session‐specific temporary information attack. Besides, the scheme does not support the wrong password and fingerprint detection in the authentication phase. The scheme also violates the user anonymity property. Moreover, the password update functionality is absent in Tsai and Lo's scheme. In order to provide more securities and functionalities, this article put forwarded an enhanced scheme for distributing mobile cloud environments. The simulation on automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications tool ensures that our scheme is secure against the active and passive attacks. Our cryptanalysis gives surety that the scheme can defend related security attacks. We also compare our scheme with the previous schemes with respect to computation cost and security aspects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MoS2/Rubrene van der Waals Heterostructure: Toward Ambipolar Field‐Effect Transistors and Inverter Circuits
Authors: He Xuexia , Chow WaiLeong , Liu Fucai , Tay BengKang , Liu Zheng
Published: October 2016

2D transition metal dichalcogenides are promising channel materials for the next‐generation electronic device. Here, vertically 2D heterostructures, so called van der Waals solids, are constructed using inorganic molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) few layers and organic crystal – 5,6,11,12‐tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene). In this work, ambipolar field‐effect transistors are successfully achieved based on MoS2 and rubrene crystals with the well balanced electron and hole mobilities of 1.27 and 0.36 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The ambipolar behavior is explained based on the band alignment of MoS2 and rubrene. Furthermore, being a building block, the MoS2/rubrene ambipolar transistors are used to fabricate CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) inverters that show good performance with a gain of 2.3 at a switching threshold voltage of −26 V. This work paves a way to the novel organic/inorganic ultrathin heterostructure based flexible electronics and optoelectronic devices.
Navigating the unchartable: paths to promotion and tenure in health professions education
Authors: Bates Joanna , Schrewe Brett
Published: October 2016

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derechos humanos y el internacionalismo en el movimiento lésbico-gay mexicano, 1979-1991
Authors: Grinnell Lucinda
Published: October 2016

Desde la década de 1970, las organizaciones mexicanas LGBT han luchado para que los derechos civiles y políticos de ese colectivo sean vistos por el estado como derechos humanos. Las estrategias que se han implementado han sido dependientes del contexto político de la época en cuestión. En la década de 1980, el movimiento utilizó una estrategia de izquierda, solidarizándose con luchas revolucionarias en Centroamérica, apoyando las luchas LGBT de izquierda en otras partes del mundo y condenando la represión dentro de México, que no se limitó al acoso policial, intimidación, chantaje y violencia contra integrantes de la comunidad LGBT. Con la implementación de los mecanismos de derechos humanos a finales de la década de 1980 por parte del estado mexicano, activistas lésbico-gays centraron sus argumentos en el discurso liberal de los derechos humanos; utilizaron tal discurso durante la planeación de la conferencia de 1991 de ILGA, donde reclamaban, en su solicitud al gobierno local, la protección de los derechos humanos como símbolo de un estado moderno y democrático. Este cambio en las dinámicas de acción ilustra por qué la participación de lesbianas y homosexuales en la construcción de estos discursos es importante para la comprensión de la institucionalización de ciertos sectores del movimiento lésbico-gay en este periodo.
Tumores glómicos en el miembro superior. Revisión de la literatura e informe de 14 casos
Authors: Barreiro G. , Bestilleiro A. , del Castillo F. , Martel R.M. , García J. , Loureda R.
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: Revisar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores glómicos del miembro superior tratados en nuestro servicio de cirugía de la mano en los últimos 15 años y comparar con la bibliografía especializada los datos de una serie de 14 tumores operados.

Material y método: Se trataron 14 tumores glómicos en 14 pacientes: 7 hombres y 7 mujeres. La media de edad fue de 50,7 años (rango 31-70).

En todos los pacientes se anotó la zona de presentación del tumor, su aspecto macroscópico con registro fotográfico, la técnica quirúrgica y el resultado final, funcional y estético.

Resultados: En todos los pacientes se dieron presentaciones únicas y todos se curaron completamente con el tratamiento quirúrgico, pero en 2 hubo recidivas y uno de ellos debió operarse hasta 5 veces para erradicar el tumor completamente.

Conclusión: El tumor glómico, por su infrecuencia, es poco conocido fuera del ámbito de la cirugía de la mano y de la dermatología, de ahí la demora en el diagnóstico que padecen buena parte de los pacientes. Los de presentación extradigital no suelen sospecharse y su diagnóstico lo aporta el estudio anatomopatológico.

El tratamiento quirúrgico, consistente en la exéresis de la masa tumoral y el legrado de la cavidad ósea si la hay, es resolutivo en la mayor parte de los casos, si bien la tasa de recidivas es muy elevada, probablemente por haberse realizado una escisión incompleta.

La complicación más frecuente es de tipo estético, por deformidades de la uña en los tumores de presentación subungueal.
Inestabilidad lunopiramidal
Authors: Hernández M. , Montoya F. , Gutiérrez M. , Cereceda B.
Published: October 2016

Históricamente, la inestabilidad en el lado radial de la muñeca ha recibido mucha más atención que la inestabilidad en el lado ulnar, a pesar de ser una patología relativamente frecuente. Como consecuencia de ello, suele darse un retraso en el diagnóstico correcto y el tratamiento apropiado. Las lesiones del ligamento lunopiramidal pueden ser parciales o completas, y estas últimas pueden estar asociadas a lesión de los estabilizadores secundarios. Cuando se lesionan estos estabilizadores es cuando se produce una inestabilidad estática del carpo conocida como Volar Intercalated Segmentary Instability (VISI). Entre los test clínicos más utilizados para detectar una inestabilidad del ligamento lunopiramidal están el Ballottement test, descrito por Reagan, y el Shear test, descrito por Kleinman, aunque ambos poseen una sensibilidad y una especificidad bajas. Para el diagnóstico de estas lesiones se emplean técnicas como la radiografía simple (que suele ser normal si no hay una inestabilidad estática del carpo), la artrografía y la RMN, entre otras, aunque el gold standard lo constituye la artroscopia de muñeca. No existe un consenso en cuanto al tipo de tratamiento óptimo, ya que la mayoría de los estudios publicados son retrospectivos de nivel iv sin medidas objetivas estandarizadas mediante instrumentos validados. Además, en su mayoría describen los resultados del tratamiento tardío, ya que no se suelen diagnosticar en la fase aguda. Dentro de los tratamientos descritos se encuentran el tratamiento artroscópico (desbridamiento/termocoagulación asociados o no a estabilización con agujas de Kirscher), la reparación abierta, la reconstrucción del ligamento y la artrodesis del ligamento lunopiramidal.
Empowered with Wings: Professional Development for Supporting Children's Social and Emotional Wellbeing in South-West Queensland
Authors: Cartmel Jennifer , Smith Kerry , Miller Debbie
Published: October 2016

Wings: Social and emotional wellbeing in the early years is a professional development programme designed to assist educators in early years services to improve outcomes for children. It uses a strengths-based approach and supports educators to understand the impact of their interactions with children and to use communication strategies, such as descriptive feedback, to develop children's capacities. These strategies are used to help children recognise their strengths and build their ability to self-regulate and manage their own social and emotional wellbeing. This paper reports on the outcomes of the Wings programme introduced into early childhood services in rural and remote south-west Queensland, Australia, through the Community Wellbeing Project run by the Pathways to Resilience Trust in partnership with Anglicare Southern Queensland. Preliminary findings indicate the Wings programme successfully enhanced the confidence and knowledge of early years educators engaged in promoting children's social and emotional wellbeing.
Patients as Patches: Ecology and Epidemiology in Healthcare Environments
Authors: Lofgren Eric T. , Egizi Andrea M. , Fefferman Nina H.
Published: October 2016

The modern healthcare system involves complex interactions among microbes, patients, providers, and the built environment. It represents a unique and challenging setting for control of the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. We examine an extension of the perspectives and methods from ecology (and especially urban ecology) to address these unique issues, and we outline 3 examples: (1) viewing patients as individual microbial ecosystems; (2) the altered ecology of infectious diseases specifically within hospitals; and (3) ecosystem management perspectives for infection surveillance and control. In each of these cases, we explore the accuracy and relevance of analogies to existing urban ecological perspectives, and we demonstrate a few of the potential direct uses of this perspective for altering research into the control of healthcare-associated infections.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2016;1507–1512
Australian Employee Perspectives on Disability Management in Relation to Job Satisfaction, Physical and Mental Health, Workplace Morale and Reduced Sickness Absence
Authors: Buys Nicholas , Wagner Shannon , Randall Christine , Yu Ignatius , Geisen Thomas , Harder Henry , Fraess-Phillips Alex , Hassler Benedikt , Howe Caroline
Published: October 2016

Disability management is now recognised as an effective means of managing the increasing global costs of injury and disability. However, research on disability management particularly employee perceptions of its value, are sparse. This paper reports on the Australian findings of a large international project that included Canada, China, Switzerland and Australia, which examined employee perspectives of disability management related to job satisfaction, physical and mental health, workplace morale and reduced sickness absence. Data was collected from 365 employees in 10 large private and public companies using an online survey tool that focused on three components of a disability management program — disability prevention (DP), stay at work (SAW) and return to work (RTW) programs — in relation to the dependent variables of job satisfaction, physical and mental health, workplace morale, sickness absence. Multivariate regression was used to predict disability management's influence on the dependent variables. Results demonstrated positive perceptions regarding the perceived benefits of disability management to both individual employees and their perceptions of coworkers. It was apparent that each component of a disability management program (DP, SAW, and RTW) is positively related to job satisfaction, physical and mental health, workplace morale and reduced sickness absence Disability management programs were perceived as more beneficial in private, as opposed to public, workplaces; however, no differences were evident according to union status or gender of the respondent. It is possible disability management may impact on organisational productivity via variables associated with workplace culture, as well as through the direct benefits flowing from preventing and managing injury. Given the significant costs associated with absenteeism, an outcome of interest to many employers was the finding that employees perceived SAW programs as the most beneficial in terms of reducing absenteeism for both themselves and their coworkers.
Low-frequency dynamics in a shock-induced separated flow
Authors: Priebe Stephan , Tu Jonathan H. , Rowley Clarence W. , Martín M. Pino
Published: October 2016

The low-frequency unsteadiness in the direct numerical simulation of a Mach 2.9 shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction with mean flow separation is analysed using dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The analysis is applied both to three-dimensional and spanwise-averaged snapshots of the flow. The observed low-frequency DMD modes all share a common structure, characterized by perturbations along the shock, together with streamwise-elongated regions of low and high momentum that originate at the shock foot and extend into the downstream flow. A linear superposition of these modes, with dynamics governed by their corresponding DMD eigenvalues, accurately captures the unsteadiness of the shock. In addition, DMD analysis shows that the downstream regions of low and high momentum are unsteady and that their unsteadiness is linked to the unsteadiness of the shock. The observed flow structures in the downstream flow are reminiscent of Görtler-like vortices that are present in this type of flow due to an underlying centrifugal instability, suggesting a possible physical mechanism for the low-frequency unsteadiness in shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions.
A RECOLLEMENT APPROACH TO GEIGLE–LENZING WEIGHTED PROJECTIVE VARIETIES
Authors: LERNER BORIS , OPPERMANN STEFFEN
Published: October 2016

We introduce a new method for expanding an abelian category and study it using recollements. In particular, we give a criterion for the existence of cotilting objects. We show, using techniques from noncommutative algebraic geometry, that our construction encompasses the category of coherent sheaves on Geigle–Lenzing weighted projective lines. We apply our construction to some concrete examples and obtain new weighted projective varieties, and analyze the endomorphism algebras of their tilting bundles.
Siphonophores in fjords and channels in southern Patagonia: biodiversity, spatial distribution and environmental association
Authors: Palma Sergio , Retamal María Cristina , Silva Nelson , Canepa Antonio
Published: October 2016

This study characterizes the abundance and spatial distribution of siphonophores between the Trinidad Channel (50°06′S) and the Strait of Magellan (52°45′S) in southern Chile, during October–November 2009. Ten species were identified, of whichAgalma elegans, Rosacea plicataandSphaeronectes fragilisare new records for this region. Dominant species showed similar dominance values e.g.Lensia conoidea(26.3%),Dimophyes arctica(24.6%),Lensia meteori(22.2%) andMuggiaea atlantica(20.7%). Eudoxids ofL. conoideaandD. arcticarepresented 97.3% of all eudoxids collected and they were mainly collected in estuarine waters. The highest densities were found in estuarine waters (high vertical stratification and low temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen values). On the other hand, the lowest densities were found in coastal areas influenced by permanent influx of Sub-Antarctic waters from the Pacific (greater instability and vertical mixing, higher temperatures, salinity and dissolved oxygen values). Temperature and dissolved oxygen were the most important environmental variables. In general, all the dominant species showed a positive association with temperature and a negative association with dissolved oxygen (with the exception ofL. meteori). The vertical distribution showed thatM. atlanticawas mainly distributed in the first 50 m, in association with estuarine waters, whileL. conoidea, L. meteoriandD. arcticawere mainly found in the deeper layer (50–200 m) and in association with modified Sub-Antarctic waters. The comparison of the results obtained in the springs of 1996 and 2009 showed a significant increase in abundance.
Comprehensive screening for immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus: an essential oral poliovirus vaccine cessation risk management strategy
Authors: DUINTJER TEBBENS R. J. , THOMPSON K. M.
Published: October 2016

If the world can successfully control all outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus that may occur soon after global oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation, then immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived polioviruses (iVDPVs) from rare and mostly asymptomatic long-term excretors (defined as ⩾6 months of excretion) will become the main source of potential poliovirus outbreaks for as long as iVDPV excretion continues. Using existing models of global iVDPV prevalence and global long-term poliovirus risk management, we explore the implications of uncertainties related to iVDPV risks, including the ability to identify asymptomatic iVDPV excretors to treat with polio antiviral drugs (PAVDs) and the transmissibility of iVDPVs. The expected benefits of expanded screening to identify and treat long-term iVDPV excretors with PAVDs range from US$0.7 to 1.5 billion with the identification of 25–90% of asymptomatic long-term iVDPV excretors, respectively. However, these estimates depend strongly on assumptions about the transmissibility of iVDPVs and model inputs affecting the global iVDPV prevalence. For example, the expected benefits may decrease to as low as US$260 million with the identification of 90% of asymptomatic iVDPV excretors if iVDPVs behave and transmit like partially reverted viruses instead of fully reverted viruses. Comprehensive screening for iVDPVs will reduce uncertainties and maximize the expected benefits of PAVD use.
Mental health literacy as a mediator in use of mental health services among older korean adults
Authors: Kim Young Sun , Rhee T. Greg , Lee Hee Yun , Park Byung Hyun , Sharratt Monica L.
Published: October 2016

Background:

Existing literature suggests that mental health literacy is positively associated with mental health services utilization. Despite an aging population that faces significant mental health concerns in Korea, the role of mental health literacy on mental health services utilization is not known among older adults in Korea. This study aimed to (1) identify whether mental health literacy mediates the association between population characteristics and mental health services utilization and (2) identify an optimal path model for mental health services utilization among Korean older adults.

Methods:

Using a cross-sectional survey with a quota sampling strategy, we collected and analyzed responses from 596 community-dwelling individuals ages 65 years and older. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to estimate the effect of mental health literacy as a mediator.

Results:

When controlling for other relevant covariates in the optimal path model, mental health literacy mediated the relationships between three socio-demographic factors (education, general literacy, and health status) and mental health services utilization. The model fit index shows that the SEM fits very well (CFI = 0.92, NFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.07).

Conclusions:

Efforts to improve mental health literacy through community-based education programs may need to particularly target Korean older adults with the relevant socio-demographic characteristics to enhance their utilization of appropriate mental health services.
Hong Kong, Macau at Greater Tsunami Risk Than We Thought
Authors: Yan Wudan
Published: October 2016

Researchers assess tsunami risk in the South China Sea based on models of seismic slip along the Manila megathrust.
A centrifugation-based physicochemical characterization method for the interaction between proteins and nanoparticles
Authors: Bekdemir Ahmet , Stellacci Francesco
Published: October 2016

Nanomedicine requires in-depth knowledge of nanoparticle–protein interactions. These interactions are studied with methods limited to large or fluorescently labelled nanoparticles as they rely on scattering or fluorescence-correlation signals. Here, we have developed a method based on analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) as an absorbance-based, label-free tool to determine dissociation constants (KD), stoichiometry (Nmax), and Hill coefficient (n),for the association of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with gold nanoparticles. Absorption at 520 nm in AUC renders the measurements insensitive to unbound and aggregated proteins. Measurements remain accurate and do not become more challenging for small (sub-10 nm) nanoparticles. In AUC, frictional ratio analysis allows for the qualitative assessment of the shape of the analyte. Data suggests that small-nanoparticles/protein complexes significantly deviate from a spherical shape even at maximum coverage. We believe that this method could become one of the established approaches for the characterization of the interaction of (small) nanoparticles with proteins.
Chromosome biorientation produces hundreds of piconewtons at a metazoan kinetochore
Authors: Ye Anna A. , Cane Stuart , Maresca Thomas J.
Published: October 2016

High-fidelity transmission of the genome through cell division requires that all sister kinetochores bind to dynamic microtubules (MTs) from opposite spindle poles. The application of opposing forces to this bioriented configuration produces tension that stabilizes kinetochore–microtubule (kt–MT) attachments. Defining the magnitude of force that is applied to kinetochores is central to understanding the mechano-molecular underpinnings of chromosome segregation; however, existing kinetochore force measurements span orders of magnitude. Here we measure kinetochore forces by engineering two calibrated force sensors into the Drosophila kinetochore protein centromere protein (CENP)-C. Measurements of both reporters indicate that they are, on average, under ∼1–2 piconewtons (pNs) of force at metaphase. Based on estimates of the number of CENP-C molecules and MTs per Drosophila kinetochore and envisioning kinetochore linkages arranged such that they distribute forces across them, we propose that kinetochore fibres (k-fibres) exert hundreds of pNs of poleward-directed force to bioriented kinetochores.
Visualizing ferromagnetic domain behavior of magnetic topological insulator thin films
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Chang Cui-Zu , Moodera Jagadeesh S , Wu Weida
Published: October 2016

A systematic magnetic force microscopy (MFM) study of domain behavior in thin films of the magnetic topological insulator Sb1.89V0.11Te3 reveals that in the virgin domain state, after zero-field cooling, an equal population of up and down domains occurs. Interestingly, the cooling field dependence of MFM images demonstrates that a small cooling magnetic field (approximately 5–10 Oe) is sufficient to significantly polarize the film despite the coercive field (HC) for these films being on the order of a tesla at low temperature. By visualizing the magnetization reversal process around HC of V-doped Sb2Te3, we observed a typical domain behavior of a ferromagnet, i.e., domain nucleation and domain wall propagation. Our results provide direct evidence of ferromagnetic behavior of the magnetic topological insulator, a necessary condition for a robust quantum anomalous Hall effect.
Nuclear receptor nhr-48 is required for pathogenicity of the second stage (J2) of the plant parasite Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Lu Chao-Jun , Tian Bao-Yu , Cao Yi , Zou Cheng-Gang , Zhang Ke-Qin
Published: October 2016

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a diverse class of transcription factors, which are involved in regulating a large number of physiological events in metazoans. However, the function of NRs is poorly understood in plant-parasitic nematodes. Here, members of the NR1J+K group of NRs in nematodes, including the free-living and plant parasites, were examined and phylogenetically analyzed. We found that the number of members of the NR1J+K group in plant-parasitic nematodes was less than that in the free-living nematodes, suggesting this reduction of NR1J+K group members in plant parasites maybe arose during the separation of the free-living and intermediately plant parasitic nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Interestingly, the DNA-binding domain (DBD) and ligand-binding domain (LBD) of NR1J+K members were separated into two gene locations in the plant parasites. Knockdown of Meloidogyne incognita WBMinc13296, the ortholog of Caenorhabditis elegans nhr-48 DBD, reduced infectivity, delayed development, and decreased reproductivity. J2 of M. incognita subjected to silencing of WBMinc13295, the orthologs of B. xylophilus nhr-48 LBD, exhibited developmental lag within the host and reduced reproductivity. This study provides new insights into the function of NRs and suggests that NRs are potential targets for developing effective strategies for biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes.
Maternal and Live-birth Outcomes of Pregnancies following Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhu Linling , Zhang Yu , Liu Yifeng , Zhang Runjv , Wu Yiqing , Huang Yun , Liu Feng , Li Meigen , Sun Saijun , Xing Lanfeng , Zhu Yimin , Chen Yiyi , Xu Li , Zhou Liangbi , Huang Hefeng , Zhang Dan
Published: October 2016

This study was carried out to explore associations between assisted reproductive technology (ART) and maternal and neonatal outcomes compared with similar outcomes following spontaneously conceived births. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies conceived by ART (N = 2641) during 2006–2014 compared to naturally conceived pregnancies (N = 5282) after matching for maternal age and birth year. Pregnancy complications, perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes of enrolled subjects were investigated and analysed by multivariate logistic regression. We found that pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) were associated with a significantly increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, placenta previa, placental abruption, preterm premature rupture of membranes, placental adherence, postpartum haemorrhage, polyhydramnios, preterm labour, low birth weight, and small-for-date infant compared with spontaneously conceived births. Pregnancies conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) showed similar elevated complications, except some of the difference narrowed or disappeared. Singleton pregnancies or nulliparous pregnancies following ART still exhibited increased maternal and neonatal complications. Therefore, we conclude that pregnancies conceived following ART are at increased risks of antenatal complications, perinatal complications and poor neonatal outcomes, which may result from not only a higher incidence of multiple pregnancy, but also the manipulation involved in ART processes.
Strontium isotope evidence for a highly mobile population on the Pamir Plateau 2500 years ago
Authors: Wang Xueye , Tang Zihua , Wu Jing , Wu Xinhua , Wu Yiqun , Zhou Xinying
Published: October 2016

Archeological researches have proposed arguments for human mobility and long-distance trading over the Eurasia before the Silk Roads. Here we utilize biologically available strontium isotope analysis to assess the extent of pre-Silk Road population movements and cultural communications across the Asian interior. From an early Iron Age cemetery (ca. 2500 yr B.P.) on the eastern Pamir Plateau, mean87Sr/86Sr ratios from 34 individuals display considerable isotopic variability, and 10 individuals are distinguished as migrants based on the local strontium isotope range of 0.710296–0.710572 defined by 12 ovicaprine bones. Comparison of the proportion (10/34) with the regional census data completed in 1909 A.D. (3% non-locals) suggests a highly migratory behavior on the plateau 2500 years ago. Furthermore, exotic mortuary objects, such as silk fabrics from eastern China and angular harp originated from the Near East, clearly demonstrate an interaction between different cultures on the plateau before the establishment of the Silk Road.
Molecular basis for catalysis and substrate-mediated cellular stabilization of human tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
Authors: Lewis-Ballester Ariel , Forouhar Farhad , Kim Sung-Mi , Lew Scott , Wang YongQiang , Karkashon Shay , Seetharaman Jayaraman , Batabyal Dipanwita , Chiang Bing-Yu , Hussain Munif , Correia Maria Almira , Yeh Syun-Ru , Tong Liang
Published: October 2016

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) play a central role in tryptophan metabolism and are involved in many cellular and disease processes. Here we report the crystal structure of human TDO (hTDO) in a ternary complex with the substrates L-Trp and O2 and in a binary complex with the product N-formylkynurenine (NFK), defining for the first time the binding modes of both substrates and the product of this enzyme. The structure indicates that the dioxygenation reaction is initiated by a direct attack of O2 on the C2 atom of the L-Trp indole ring. The structure also reveals an exo binding site for L-Trp, located ~42 Å from the active site and formed by residues conserved among tryptophan-auxotrophic TDOs. Biochemical and cellular studies indicate that Trp binding at this exo site does not affect enzyme catalysis but instead it retards the degradation of hTDO through the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal pathway. This exo site may therefore provide a novel L-Trp-mediated regulation mechanism for cellular degradation of hTDO, which may have important implications in human diseases.
Integrated analysis of bacterial and microeukaryotic communities from differentially active mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cadiz
Authors: Coelho Francisco J. R. C. , Louvado António , Domingues Patrícia M. , Cleary Daniel F. R. , Ferreira Marina , Almeida Adelaide , Cunha Marina R. , Cunha Ângela , Gomes Newton C. M.
Published: October 2016

The present study assesses the diversity and composition of sediment bacterial and microeukaryotic communities from deep-sea mud volcanoes (MVs) associated with strike-slip faults in the South-West Iberian Margin (SWIM). We used a 16S/18S rRNA gene based pyrosequencing approach to characterize and correlate the sediment bacterial and microeukaryotic communities from MVs with differing gas seep regimes and from an additional site with no apparent seeping activity. In general, our results showed significant compositional changes of bacterial and microeukaryotic communities in sampling sites with different seepage regimes. Sediment bacterial communities were enriched with Methylococcales (putative methanotrophs) but had lower abundances of Rhodospirillales, Nitrospirales and SAR202 in the more active MVs. Within microeukaryotic communities, members of the Lobosa (lobose amoebae) were enriched in more active MVs. We also showed a strong correlation between Methylococcales populations and lobose amoeba in active MVs. This study provides baseline information on the diversity and composition of bacterial and microeukaryotic communities in deep-sea MVs associated with strike-slip faults.
A unique peptide deformylase platform to rationally design and challenge novel active compounds
Authors: Fieulaine Sonia , Alves de Sousa Rodolphe , Maigre Laure , Hamiche Karim , Alimi Mickael , Bolla Jean-Michel , Taleb Abbass , Denis Alexis , Pagès Jean-Marie , Artaud Isabelle , Meinnel Thierry , Giglione Carmela
Published: October 2016

Peptide deformylase (PDF) is considered an excellent target to develop antibiotics. We have performed an extensive characterization of a new PDF from the pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae, showing properties similar to other known PDFs. S. agalactiae PDF could be used as PDF prototype as it allowed to get complete sets of 3-dimensional, biophysical and kinetic data with virtually any inhibitor compound. Structure-activity relationship analysis with this single reference system allowed us to reveal distinct binding modes for different PDF inhibitors and the key role of a hydrogen bond in potentiating the interaction between ligand and target. We propose this protein as an irreplaceable tool, allowing easy and relevant fine comparisons between series, to design, challenge and validate novel series of inhibitors. As proof-of-concept, we report here the design and synthesis of effective specific bacterial PDF inhibitors of an oxadiazole series with potent antimicrobial activity against a multidrug resistant clinical isolate.
Universal stress protein Rv2624c alters abundance of arginine and enhances intracellular survival by ATP binding in mycobacteria
Authors: Jia Qiong , Hu Xinling , Shi Dawei , Zhang Yan , Sun Meihao , Wang Jianwei , Mi Kaixia , Zhu Guofeng
Published: October 2016

The universal stress protein family is a family of stress-induced proteins. Universal stress proteins affect latency and antibiotic resistance in mycobacteria. Here, we showed that Mycobacterium smegmatis overexpressing M. tuberculosis universal stress protein Rv2624c exhibits increased survival in human monocyte THP-1 cells. Transcriptome analysis suggested that Rv2624c affects histidine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that Rv2624c affects the abundance of arginine, a modulator of both mycobacteria and infected THP-1 cells. Biochemical analysis showed that Rv2624c is a nucleotide-binding universal stress protein, and an Rv2624c mutant incapable of binding ATP abrogated the growth advantage in THP-1 cells. Rv2624c may therefore modulate metabolic pathways in an ATP-dependent manner, changing the abundance of arginine and thus increasing survival in THP-1 cells.