bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomass Derived, Hierarchically Porous, Activated Starbons® as Adsorbents for Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Baird Victoria , Barker Ryan E. , Longhurst Benjamin , McElroy C. Rob , Meng Siyu , North Michael , Wang Junzhong
Published: April 2023

The use of potassium hydroxide activated Starbons® derived from starch and alginic acid as adsorbents for 29 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was investigated. In every case, the alginic acid derived Starbon (A800K2) was found to be the optimal adsorbent, significantly outperforming both commercial activated carbon and starch derived, activated Starbon (S800K2). The saturated adsorption capacity of A800K2 depends on both the size of the VOC and the functional groups it contains. The highest saturated adsorption capacities were obtained with small VOCs. For VOC's of similar size, the presence of polarizable electrons in lone pairs or π‐bonds within non‐polar VOCs was beneficial. Analysis of porosimetry data suggests that the VOC's are being adsorbed within the pore structure of A800K2 rather than just on its surface. The adsorption was completely reversible by thermal treatment of the saturated Starbon under vacuum.
Waves propagating parallel to the magnetic field in relativistically hot plasmas: A hydrodynamic model with the average reverse gamma factor evolution
Authors: Andreev Pavel A.
Published: April 2023

The high‐frequency part of the dispersion dependence of electromagnetic waves propagating parallel to the external magnetic field in the plasma is considered. The plasma is macroscopically motionless, but has relativistic temperatures , where is the electron rest mass and, is the speed of light. The analysis is based on a novel hydrodynamic model based on four equations for the recently developed material fields (Andreev, Phys. Scr., 2022, 97, 085602). These material fields are the concentration, velocity field, average reverse relativistic factor, and the flux of the reverse relativistic factor. In the nonrelativistic regime, there are three transverse waves (the ions are motionless). In this study, we trace the charge of these properties under the influence of relativistic effects. Strong thermal effects lead to a coefficient in front of the cyclotron frequency, which decreases its effective contribution of the cyclotron frequency. At , we have a decrease in the existence area of the fast magneto‐sound wave from the area of large frequencies. However, the existence area of extraordinary waves becomes larger at smaller frequencies. In the strong magnetic field limit , an additional wave appears with a frequency below the thermally decreased cyclotron frequency, where is the electron cyclotron frequency, and is the Langmuir frequency. A further increase in the temperature leads to the disappearance of fast magneto‐sound waves and to a considerable increase in the existence area of the extraordinary waves towards smaller frequencies.
Belotero: What we know now
Authors: Shope Chelsea , Andrews Laura , Snyder Alan , Schlesinger Todd
Published: April 2023

Background

Belotero® Balance is a monophasic, polydensified hyaluronic acid gel filler (HAF) with a cross‐linked with 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether. Belotero uses a unique, two‐step cross‐linking process yielding a highly cross‐linked, cohesive gel with characteristic soft, smooth, flowing quality. Belotero is the only monophasic, polydensified gel currently approved by the FDA. It is highly efficacious for correction of very fine lines. Belotero Balance is formulated free from lidocaine, and thus should be avoided for injections in nerve‐dense areas. Like other HAFs, the side effect profile of Belotero is minimal, and the product is temporary and reversible with hyaluronidase.

Conclusion

In this chapter we discuss Belotero's FDA approval, uses and indications, efficacy as compared to other HAFs, and adverse effects, as well as new products on the horizon.
So where do you see this going? The effects of commitment asymmetry and asynchrony on relationship satisfaction and break‐up
Authors: Dobson Kiersten , Ogolsky Brian G. , Stanton Sarah C. E.
Published: April 2023

Discrepancies in partners’ commitment have been emphasized as a key factor involved in relationship instability. We tested the contributions of multiple types of commitment asymmetry (discrepancies between partners at one time point) and asynchrony (discrepancies in the progression of commitment over time) to relationship satisfaction and break‐up. In three studies (N = 6960 couples) spanning months (Study 1), days (Study 2) and years (Study 3), commitment asymmetry and asynchrony consistently did not predict satisfaction or break‐up when controlling for individuals and their partners’ commitment. Only one's own commitment and proportion of downturns in commitment (reporting lower commitment than the previous time point) consistently predicted satisfaction. Women's (but not men's) commitment and proportion of downturns were associated (negatively and positively, respectively) with break‐up. Thus, contrary to some significant previous findings, commitment asymmetry and asynchrony are not indicative of future relationship outcomes. Our findings have important implications for theoretical models of commitment and couples’ practical issues in relationships over time.
Empirical approach for developing production environment soil health goals, New York, USA
Authors: Amsili Joseph , Es Harold van , Aller Deborah , Schindelbeck Robert
Published: April 2023

Defining quantitative soil health goals can support efforts to improve
soil quality and meet broader ecosystem services goals, while
simultaneously helping field-level benchmarking of soil health on farms.
But soil health metrics in agricultural systems require edaphic context,
notably climate, soil type (soil texture and classification), as well as
cropping system. Soil samples (n=1,328) from New York State (USA) with
Land Resource Regions (LRR), texture, and cropping system information
were analyzed for eight physical and biological soil health indicators
(soil organic matter, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, respiration,
protein, available water capacity, wet aggregate stability, and
penetration resistance from 0-15 and 15-45 cm), and population
distribution functions were determined. Production environment soil
health (PESH) goals were derived for four soil texture groups and six
cropping systems by proposing the 75 and
90 percentile for each factorial class.
Finer-textured soils and Pasture and Mixed Vegetable cropping systems
generally had the highest values for soil health goals, followed by
Dairy Crop and Orchard systems, then Annual Grain, and lastly Processing
Vegetable systems. Long Island (LRR-S) had soil organic matter PESH
goals that were on average 0.7 % lower than the rest of New York State
(LRRs-L&R). This implies that regional PESH goals within a state or
region may be warranted if edaphic context is considerably different.
Not just in the past: Racist and sexist biases still permeate biology, anthropology, medicine, and education
Authors: Diogo Rui , Adesomo Adeyemi , Farmer Kimberly S. , Kim Rachel J. , Jackson Fatimah
Published: April 2023

In the past decades, it has been increasingly recognized that some areas of science, such as anthropology, have been plagued by racist, Western‐centric, and/or sexist biases. Unfortunately, an acculturation process to racism and sexism has been occurring for generations leading to systemic inequities that will take a long time to disappear. Here, we highlight the existence of current examples of racism, Western‐centrism and sexism within: (1) the most popular anatomical atlases used in biological, anthropological and medical education; (2) prominent natural history museums and World Heritage Sites; (3) biological and anthropological scientific research publications; and (4) popular culture and influential children's books and educational materials concerning human biology and evolution.
Mobile mechanical signal generator for macrophage polarization
Authors: Jiang Jiamiao , Wang Fei , Huang Weichang , Sun Jia , Ye Yicheng , Ou Juanfeng , Liu Meihuan , Gao Junbin , Wang Shuanghu , Fu Dongmei , Chen Bin , Liu Lu , Peng Fei , Tu Yingfeng
Published: April 2023

The importance of mechanical signals in regulating the fate of macrophages is gaining increased attention recently. However, the recently used mechanical signals normally rely on the physical characteristics of matrix with non‐specificity and instability or mechanical loading devices with uncontrollability and complexity. Herein, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of self‐assembled microrobots (SMRs) based on magnetic nanoparticles as local mechanical signal generators for precise macrophage polarization. Under a
rotating magnetic field (RMF), the propulsion of SMRs occurs due to the elastic deformation via magnetic force and hydrodynamics. SMRs perform wireless navigation toward the targeted macrophage in a controllable manner and subsequently rotate around the cell for mechanical signal generation. Macrophages are eventually polarized from M0 to anti‐inflammatory related M2 phenotypes by blocking the Piezo1‐activating protein‐1 (AP‐1）‐CCL2 signaling pathway. The as‐developed microrobot system provides a new platform of mechanical signal loading for macrophage polarization, which holds great potential for precise regulation of cell fate.‐
Cheirostylis yunnanensis var. gloriae, an interesting new caterpillar orchid from Hong Kong, China
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Gale Stephan W.
Published: April 2023

A new variety of Yunnan caterpillar orchid, Cheirostylis yunnanensis var. gloriae, is described from Hong Kong. This variety differs from the typical variety, which also occurs locally, in details of the epichile, petals, column, and pollinarium. Additionally, the two varieties show spatial separation without evidence of sympatry at the site level within the small land area of Hong Kong. A detailed diagnosis, full description, list of specimens examined, conservation assessment, and notes on phenology, etymology, and habitat are provided. The new variety is named after Mrs. Gloria Barretto, an eminent expert of Hong Kong orchids, and it is assessed as Critically Endangered following IUCN guidelines. After a detailed review of all available literature, it is also revealed that prior records of C. liukiuensis in Hong Kong probably pertain to C. jamesleungii. Notes are provided to clarify the distinction between these two taxa, and a key to all members of this genus now confirmed in Hong Kong is presented together with color plates to aid identification.
A place with a view: A first‐person perspective in the hippocampal memory space
Authors: Wirth Sylvia
Published: April 2023

How do rodents' and primates' differences in visual perception impact the way the brain constructs egocentric and allocentric reference frames to represent stimuli in space? Strikingly, there are important similarities in the egocentric spatial reference frames through which cortical regions represent objects with respect to an animal's head or body in rodents and primates. These egocentric representations are suitable for navigation across species. However, while the rodent hippocampus represents allocentric place, I draw on several pieces of evidence suggesting that an egocentric reference frame is paramount in the primate hippocampus, and relates to the first‐person perspective characteristic of a primate's field of view. I further discuss the link between an allocentric reference frame and a conceptual frame to suggest that an allocentric reference frame is a semantic construct in primates. Finally, I discuss how views probe memory recall and support prospective coding, and as they are based on a first‐person perspective, are a powerful tool for probing episodic memory across species.
Development and validation of a new antenatal warning score system (DRRiP) for neonatal complications of gestational diabetes
Authors: Mukherjee Gargi , Zhang Jufen , Banerjee Indranil , Mannan Shaheen , Ikomi Amaju
Published: April 2023

Objective

To evaluate the DRRiP (Diabetes Related Risk in Pregnancy) score warning system as a tool for predicting neonatal morbidity in gestational diabetes.

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort study. By applying nine parameters from an antenatal trichotomy of glycemic, ultrasound, and clinical characteristics, DRRiP scores were calculated and assigned to each patient using a checklist tool. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between DRRiP score and adverse fetal outcomes, after adjusting for maternal age and body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters).

Results

In all, 627 women were studied. DRRiP score was an excellent predictor of macrosomia and shoulder dystocia (both areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves [AUROC] = 0.86), and a modest predictor of preterm delivery, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal intensive care unit admission and a composite of either of the studied events (AUROC range 0.63–0.69). For the composite outcome, the sensitivity of an amber trigger score of 1 was 68.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 62.27%–74.63%) and specificity was 48.87% (95% CI 43.85%–53.9%). Specificity at a red trigger score of 3 (89.7%) and a graded increase in post‐test probability (90.7% risk at a score of 5) were highly encouraging.

Conclusion

DRRiP score offers reasonable discriminative performance that could be clinically useful for meaningful risk stratification when making delivery plans.
Bisphenol A aggravate selenium deficiency‐induced apoptosis via miR‐215‐3p/Dio1 to activate ROS/PI3K/AKT pathway in chicken arterial
Authors: Li Zhe , Xu Tong , Fan Xue , Chen Kai , Wan Chunyan , Li Xiang , Yin Hang , Li Shu
Published: April 2023

Both bisphenol A (BPA) and selenium (Se) deficiency can affect the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which can specifically regulate its target mRNA and induce apoptosis, and play a significant role in cardiovascular injury diseases. To explore the mechanism of apoptosis induced by BPA and Se deficiency in chicken arterial endothelial tissue and the role of miRNAs in this process, the model of BPA exposure/Se deficiency in chicken and PAEC cells have been employed. The targeting relationship between miR‐215‐3p and iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (Dio1) in PAEC was verified by double luciferase gene report. The level of miR‐215‐3p was detected by qRT‐PCR. The oxidative stress level of arterial endothelial cells was detected by oxidative stress kit and DCFH‐DA probe method. The PI3K/AKT pathway, mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis‐related genes were detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot. The mitochondrial ATP level and nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) level were detected with the kit. TUNEL, acridine orange/ethidium bromide, and flow cytometry were used to detect the level of apoptosis. The results showed that BPA exposure and Se deficiency led to overexpression of miR‐215‐3p, aggravated oxidative stress, inhibited activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, promoted mitochondrial division, increased expression of apoptosis related genes, and finally led to apoptosis of chicken arterial endothelial cells. We also established knockdown/overexpression models of miR‐215‐3p and Dio1 in vitro, and found that overexpression of miR‐215‐3p and knockout of Dio1 can induce apoptosis. Interestingly, miR‐215‐3p‐Inhibitor and N‐acetyl‐
l‐cysteine (NAC) partially prevented apoptosis caused by BPA exposure and Se deficiency, and LY294002 aggravated apoptosis. These results suggest that BPA exposure aggravates the apoptosis of Se deficient arterial endothelial cells in chickens by regulating the ROS/PI3K/AKT pathway activated by miR‐215‐3p/Dio1. The miR‐215‐3p/Dio1 axis provides a new way to understand the toxic mechanism of BPA exposure and Se deficiency, and reveals a new regulatory model of apoptosis damage in vascular diseases.
Terrestrial Zen master: Transcriptomics in long‐term aestivation and arousal of Mediterranean earthworms
Authors: Tilikj Natasha , Martínez Navarro Alejandro , Novo Marta
Published: April 2023

Earthworms have a crucial role in the maintenance of the biotic and abiotic soil properties, which is important for the biodiversity and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems, especially in the current scenario of climate change. Aestivation is a form of dormancy witnessed in organisms living in deserts or semiarid environments such as the ones found in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula. This work employs next‐generation sequencing techniques to explore the changes in gene expression of different aestivation times (1 month and 1 year) as well as changes in gene expression upon arousal. Not surprisingly, the more the aestivation persisted the higher levels of gene downregulation were observed. Conversely, upon arousal, a quick recovery of the levels of gene expression were noted, comparable to the control. Transcriptional changes related to immune responses coming predominantly from abiotic stressors in aestivating earthworms and from biotic stressors in aroused earthworms triggered regulation of the cell fate via apoptosis. Long‐term aestivation seemed to be enabled by remodeling of the extracellular matrix, activity of DNA repair mechanisms, and inhibitory neurotransmitters, which could also play a role in lifespan increase. Arousal from 1‐month aestivation was on the other hand, characterized by regulation of the cell division cycle. Since aestivation is considered as an unfavorable metabolic state, aroused earthworms probably go through a damage removal process and a subsequent reparation process. This study provides the first transcriptomic investigation done on earthworms in such long aestivation times as well as arousal demonstrating the resilience and adaptability of Carpetania matritensis.
Modelling the impact and cost‐effectiveness of non‐governmental organizations on HIV and HCV transmission among people who inject drugs in Ukraine
Authors: Stone Jack , Trickey Adam , Walker Josephine G. , Bivegete Sandra , Semchuk Nadiya , Sazonova Yana , Varetska Olga , Altice Frederick L. , Saliuk Tetiana , Vickerman Peter
Published: April 2023

Introduction

People who inject drugs (PWID) in Ukraine have high prevalences of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) provide PWID with needles/syringes, condoms, HIV/HCV testing and linkage to opioid agonist treatment (OAT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART). We estimated their impact and cost‐effectiveness among PWID.

Methods

A dynamic HIV and HCV transmission model among PWID was calibrated using data from four national PWID surveys (2011–2017). The model assumed 37–49% coverage of NGOs among community PWID, with NGO contact reducing injecting risk and increasing condom use and recruitment onto OAT and ART. We estimated the historic (1997–2021) and future (2022–2030, compared to no NGO activities from 2022) impact of NGOs in terms of the proportion of HIV/HCV infections averted and changes in HIV/HCV incidence. We estimated the future impact of scaling‐up NGOs to 80% coverage with/without scale‐up in OAT (5–20%) and ART (64–81%). We estimated the cost per disability‐adjusted life‐year (DALY) averted of current NGO provision over 2022–2041 compared to NGO activities stopping over 2022–2026, but restarting after that till 2041. We assumed average unit costs of US$80–90 per person‐year of NGO contact for PWID.

Results

With existing coverage levels of NGOs, the model projects that NGOs have averted 20.0% (95% credibility interval: 13.3–26.1) and 9.6% (5.1–14.1) of new HIV and HCV infections among PWID over 1997–2021, respectively, and will avert 31.8% (19.6–39.9) and 13.7% (7.5–18.1) of HIV and HCV infections over 2022–2030. With NGO scale‐up, HIV and HCV incidence will decrease by 54.2% (43.3–63.8) and 30.2% (20.5–36.2) over 2022–2030, or 86.7% (82.9–89.3) and 39.8% (31.4–44.8) if OAT and ART are also scaled‐up. Without NGOs, HIV and HCV incidence will increase by 51.6% (23.6–76.3) and 13.4% (4.8–21.9) over 2022–2030. Current NGO provision over 2022–2026 will avert 102,736 (77,611–137,512) DALYs when tracked until 2041 (discounted 3% annually), and cost US$912 (702–1222) per DALY averted; cost‐effective at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of US$1548/DALY averted (0.5xGDP).

Conclusions

NGO activities have a crucial preventative impact among PWID in Ukraine which should be scaled‐up to help achieve HIV and HCV elimination. Disruptions could have a substantial detrimental impact.
Gestational diabetes in women living with HIV in the UK and Ireland: insights from population‐based surveillance data
Authors: Bukasa Laurette L. , Cortina‐Borja Mario , Peters Helen , Taylor Graham P. , Thorne Claire
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The prevalence of gestational diabetes (GD) is increasing globally. While universal risk factors for GD are reasonably well understood, questions remain regarding risks for women living with HIV (WLWH). We aimed to describe GD prevalence, evaluate associated maternal risk factors and assess specific birth outcomes in WLWH in the UK and Ireland.

Methods

We analysed all pregnancies (≥24 weeks’ gestation) in women diagnosed with HIV before delivery, reported to the UK‐based Integrated Screening Outcomes Surveillance Service between 2010 and 2020. Every report of GD was considered as a case. A multivariable logistic regression model, adjusted for women with more than one pregnancy fitted with generalized estimating equations (GEE) assessed the effect of independent risk factors.

Results

There were 10,553 pregnancies in 7916 women, of which 460 (4.72%) pregnancies had reported GD. Overall, the median maternal age was 33 years (Q1:29–Q3:37), and 73% of pregnancies were in Black African women. WLWH with GD (WLWH‐GD) were older (61% vs. 41% aged ≥35 years, p < 0.001) and more likely to be on treatment at conception (74% vs. 64%, p < 0.001) than women without GD. WLWH‐GD were more likely to have a stillbirth (odds ratio [OR]: 5.38, 95% CI: 2.14–13.5), preterm delivery (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.95–3.32) and fetal macrosomia (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.24). Independent risk factors for GD included estimated year of delivery (GEE‐adjusted odds ratio [GEE‐aOR]: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10–1.18), advanced maternal age (≥35 years) (GEE‐aOR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.54–5.34), Asian (GEE‐aOR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.40–4.63) and Black African (GEE‐aOR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.13–2.12) ethnicity. Timing and type of antiretroviral therapy showed no evidence of a relationship with GD in multivariable analyses; however, women with a CD4 count ≤350 cells/μl were 27% less likely to have GD than women with CD4 counts >350 cells/μl (GEE‐aOR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.50–0.96).

Conclusions

GD prevalence increased over time among WLWH but was not significantly different from the general population. Maternal age, ethnicity and CD4 count were risk factors based on available data. Stillbirth and preterm delivery were more common in WLWH‐GD than other WLWH over the study period. Further studies are required to build upon these results.
Restorative justice: A humanistic paradigm for addressing the needs of victims, offenders, and communities
Authors: Scholl Mark B. , Townsend Christopher B.
Published: April 2023

Restorative justice (RJ) represents a humanistic approach to addressing the harm caused by juvenile and adult offenders. RJ practices have been shown to reduce recidivism and enhance the holistic wellness of victims and offenders. The authors make recommendations for incorporating RJ into counselor training, identity development, and counseling practices.
Solution‐processed high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes containing a green‐emitting multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent dendrimer
Authors: Wu Sen , Sun Dianming , Zysmanl‐Colman Eli
Published: April 2023

A multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) dendrimer emitter and a related reference MR‐TADF compound were designed, synthesized, and characterized for use as narrowband emitters in solution‐processed OLEDs. The 1 wt% doped films in PMMA film revealed that the compounds MR‐D1 and MR‐D2 showed narrowband green emission at λPL of 490 and 495 nm and with FWHM of 23 and 29 nm, respectively. The 50 wt% doped films in mCP still show narrowband green emission at λPL of 495 and 499 nm and with FWHM of 28 nm for MR‐D1 and MR‐D2, respectively, while conserving the small ΔEST of 0.14 and 0.13 eV, respectively. OLEDs containing an emissive layer consisting of 50 wt% MR‐D1 and MR‐D2 in mCP showed high EQEmax of 27.7% and 21.0%, respectively, and low efficiency roll‐off of 19% and 30% at a luminance of 2000 cd/m−2.
Structural Design and Research Progress of Thermally Conductive Polyimide Film – A Review
Authors: Tao Kangkang , Sun Gaohui , Feng Chengcheng , Liu Guangmin , Li Yahui , Chen Rongrong , Wang Jun , Han Shihui
Published: April 2023

Currently, heat accumulation has seriously affected the stabilities and life of electronic devices. Polyimide (PI) film with high thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) has long been held up as an ideal solution for heat dissipation. Based on the thermal conduction mechanisms and classical thermal conduction models, this review presents design ideas of PI films with microscopically ordered liquid crystalline structures which are of great significance for breaking the limit ofλenhancement and describes the construction principles of thermal conduction network in high‐λfiller strengthened PI films. Furthermore, the effects of filler type, thermal conduction paths, and interfacial thermal resistances on thermally conductive behavior of PI film are systematically reviewed. Meanwhile, this paper summarizes the reported research and provides an outlook on the future development of thermally conductive PI films. Finally, it is expected that this review will give some guidance to future studies in thermally conductive PI film.
Estimation on risk of spontaneous abortions by genomic disorders from a meta‐analysis of microarray results on large case series of pregnancy losses
Authors: Peng Gang , Zhou Qinghua , Chai Hongyan , Wen Jiadi , Zhao Hongyu , Taylor Hugh S. , Jiang Yong‐Hui , Li Peining
Published: April 2023

A meta‐analysis on seven large case series (>1000 cases) of chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) on products of conceptions (POC) evaluated the diagnostic yields of genomic disorders and syndromic pathogenic copy number variants (pCNVs) from a collection of 35,130 POC cases. CMA detected chromosomal abnormalities and pCNVs in approximately 50% and 2.5% of cases, respectively. The genomic disorders and syndromic pCNVs accounted for 31% of the detected pCNVs, and their incidences in POC ranged from 1/750 to 1/12,000. The newborn incidences of these genomic disorders and syndromic pCNVs were estimated in a range of 1/4000 to 1/50,000 live births from population genetic studies and diagnostic yields of a large case series of 32,587 pediatric patients. The risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB) for DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), and William–Beuren syndrome (WBS) was 42%, 33%, and 21%, respectively. The estimated overall risk of SAB for major genomic disorders and syndromic pCNVs was approximately 38%, which was significantly lower than the 94% overall risk of SAB for chromosomal abnormalities. Further classification on levels of risk of SAB to high (>75%), intermediate (51%–75%), and low (26%–50%) for known chromosomal abnormalities, genomic disorders, and syndromic pCNVs could provide evidence‐based interpretation in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Explicit solutions for fractional Chaffee–Infante reaction–diffusion coupled hierarchy system with conservation laws
Authors: Al‐deiakeh Rawya , Al‐Smadi Mohammed , Yusuf Abdullahi , Al‐Omari Shrideh , Momani Shaher
Published: April 2023

This research investigates the explicit series solutions of the fractional Chaffee–Infante reaction–diffusion coupled hierarchy system utilizing Lie symmetry analysis in two‐dimensional space. This fractional system is a prominent model in fluid dynamics to characterize the surface‐stripe wave evolution of liquids in light of the theory of conservation laws. The governing fractional system is analytically solved by the well‐defined technique, called the power series method, so that the total derivative used is based on the Riemann–Liouville derivative. Simulations are also provided in this direction. The acquired results are systematically validated through a series of test cases. The results show that the proposed method is robust, accurate, and flexible in gaining more solutions, and it is effective in treating various fractional physical phenomena within the framework of conservation laws as well.
Carleman estimates and some inverse problems for the coupled quantitative thermoacoustic equations by partial boundary layer data. Part II: Some inverse problems
Authors: Cristofol Michel , Li Shumin , Shang Yunxia
Published: April 2023

This paper is concerned with the determination of coefficients and source term in a strong coupled quantitative thermoacoustic system of equations. Adapting a Carleman estimate established in the part I of this series of papers, we prove stability estimates of Hölder type involving the observation of only one component: the temperature or the pressure.
Dimensions of sleep quality are related to objectively measured eating behaviors among children at high familial risk for obesity
Authors: Zuraikat Faris M. , Bauman Jonathan M. , Setzenfand Marissa N. , Arukwe David U. , Rolls Barbara J. , Keller Kathleen L.
Published: April 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dimensions of sleep quality were associated with homeostatic and hedonic eating behaviors among children with healthy weight (BMI‐for‐age < 90%) but varying maternal weight status.

Methods

A total of 77 children (mean [SD], age: 7.4 [0.6] years; BMI z score: −0.10 [0.7]) with healthy weight and high (n = 32) or low (n = 45) familial obesity risk based on maternal weight status were served an ad libitum meal (homeostatic eating) followed by palatable snacks to assess eating in the absence of hunger (EAH; hedonic eating). Habitual sleep quality was quantified from seven nights of wrist actigraphy. Partial correlations, adjusted for child energy needs, pre‐meal hunger, food liking, and socioeconomic status, evaluated associations of sleep with meal intake and EAH. Additionally, sleep‐by‐obesity risk interactions were assessed.

Results

Greater sleep fragmentation was associated with higher homeostatic meal energy intake, but only among children at high familial obesity risk (p value for interaction = 0.001; β high risk = 48.6, p = 0.001). Sleep fragmentation was not associated with total EAH but was related to higher and lower intake of carbohydrates (r = 0.33, p = 0.003) and fat (r = −0.33, p = 0.003), respectively.

Conclusions

Adverse associations of poor sleep with energy intake may be amplified among children already predisposed to obesity. Furthermore, that fragmented sleep relates to preferential intake of carbohydrates over fat during EAH may suggest alterations in taste preferences with poor sleep.
Opportunities for and barriers to anticipatory governance of two lake social–ecological systems in Germany and Canada
Authors: Tanguay Louis , Herzog Laura M. , Audet René , Beisner Beatrix E. , Martin Romina , Pahl‐Wostl Claudia
Published: April 2023

Climate change effects are already being felt around the globe, and governance systems need to adapt to this new reality to foster greater resilience in social–ecological systems (SES). Anticipatory governance is a concept proposed for such a purpose. However, its definition remains rather vague in the literature, as is its practical use for decision makers. In this paper, we contribute to filling these two shortcomings.

First, we conducted a systematic literature review of the concept and derived the following main criteria: foresight, networked engagement, integration and feedback. Second, we use the identified criteria to analyse two social–ecological systems around lakes in Lower Saxony, Germany and in Quebec, Canada.

In both cases, data were generated using a participatory approach (interviews and workshops) with local stakeholders. We examined these data, identifying opportunities and barriers to anticipatory governance. Our findings support, with empirical data for the first time, the claim in the literature that ensemble‐ization—the fact that all anticipatory governance criteria must be put forward jointly and not in isolation—is a facilitator for the emergence of anticipation.

Furthermore, by highlighting opportunities and barriers to anticipatory governance within two temperate lake SES cases, we illustrate how to understand a given system's limitations with respect to anticipatory governance, as well as how to engage with the concept through concrete, already existing opportunities. The proposed course of actions could help design more anticipatory governance systems to support decision‐making processes that could enhance SES resilience.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A self‐healing electrostatic interaction crosslinked temperature sensitive conductive hydrogel for strain and temperature sensor
Authors: Min Jinbiao , Zhou Zhaoxi , Fu Heqing
Published: April 2023

A multifunctional hydrogel (C‐ASI‐G) was prepared through a simple acid–base neutralization method. Due to the large number of electrostatic cross‐linked network in the hydrogel and the reversible network, the hydrogel showed good mechanical properties (stress is 495 kPa, strain is 772%) and excellent self‐healing performance (self‐healing efficiency is over 95%). In addition, by adding glycerin to the dispersion medium, hydrogel retain water for a long time and remain flexible at low temperature. The hydrogel contains an ionizable polymer electrolyte, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, so it has outstanding electrical conductivity (0.36 s/m). The hydrogel can be used in general strain sensing and temperature sensing, its conductivity changes with temperature. The temperature and conductivity of the hydrogel were simulated as function, the environmental temperature of the hydrogel could be calculated by the conductivity of the hydrogel, and the error was less than 0.45°C. Because hydrogel can sense stress and temperature stimuli through the change of electrical signals, it will exhibit broad application prospect in the field of bionic intelligent robots.
National integration of mental health screening and treatment into specialized care for cystic fibrosis: What predicts success?
Authors: Quittner Alexandra L. , Barker David , Graziano Sonia , Georgiopoulos Anna M. , Muther Emily , Verkleij Marieke , Schechter Michael S. , Tillman Laura , Mueller Amy , Lomas Paula , Hempstead Sarah , Smith Beth A.
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The CF Foundation sponsored competitive awards for Mental Health Coordinators (MHCs) from 2016 to 2018 to implement the international guidelines for mental health screening and treatment in US CF centers. Longitudinal surveys evaluated success in implementing these guidelines using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Methods

MHCs completed annual surveys assessing implementation from preparation/basic implementation (e.g., using recommended screeners) to full implementation/sustainability (e.g., providing evidence‐based treatments). Points were assigned to questions through consensus, with higher scores assigned to more complex tasks. Linear regression and mixed effects models were used to: (1) examine differences in centers and MHC characteristics, (2) identify predictors of success, (3) model the longitudinal trajectory of implementation scores.

Results

A total of 122 MHCs (88.4% responded): Cohort 1,N = 80; Cohort 2,N = 30; and Cohort 3,N = 12. No differences in center characteristics were found. Significant improvements in implementation were observed across centers over time. Years of experience on a CF team was the only significant predictor of success; those with 1–5 years or longer reported the highest implementation scores. Change over time was predicted by >5 years of experience.

Conclusions

Implementation of the mental health guidelines was highly successful over time. Funding for MHCs with dedicated time was critical. Longitudinal modeling indicated that CF centers with diverse characteristics could implement them, supported by evidence from the CF Patient Registry showing nearly universal uptake of mental health screening in the United States. Years of experience predicted better implementation, suggesting that education and training of MHCs and retention of experienced providers are critical to success.
Machine learning models to predict and benchmark PICU length of stay with application to children with critical bronchiolitis
Authors: Rogerson Colin M. , Heneghan Julia A. , Kohne Joseph G. , Goodman Denise M. , Slain Katherine N. , Cecil Cara A. , Kane Jason M. , Hall Matt
Published: April 2023

Objective

To create models for prediction and benchmarking of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay (LOS) for patients with critical bronchiolitis.

Hypothesis

We hypothesize that machine learning models applied to an administrative database will be able to accurately predict and benchmark the PICU LOS for critical bronchiolitis.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Patients

All patients less than 24‐month‐old admitted to the PICU with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis in the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) Database from 2016 to 2019.

Methodology

Two random forest models were developed to predict the PICU LOS. Model 1 was developed for benchmarking using all data available in the PHIS database for the hospitalization. Model 2 was developed for prediction using only data available on hospital admission. Models were evaluated using R2 values, mean standard error (MSE), and the observed to expected ratio (O/E), which is the total observed LOS divided by the total predicted LOS from the model.

Results

The models were trained on 13,838 patients admitted from 2016 to 2018 and validated on 5254 patients admitted in 2019. While Model 1 had superior R2 (0.51 vs. 0.10) and (MSE) (0.21 vs. 0.37) values compared to Model 2, the O/E ratios were similar (1.18 vs. 1.20). Institutional median O/E (LOS) ratio was 1.01 (IQR 0.90–1.09) with wide variability present between institutions.

Conclusions

Machine learning models developed using an administrative database were able to predict and benchmark the length of PICU stay for patients with critical bronchiolitis.
Niche shifts and range expansions after invasions of two major pests: the Asian longhorned beetle and the citrus longhorned beetle
Authors: Zhou Yuting , Tao Jing , Yang Jinglin , Zong Shixiang , Ge Xuezhen
Published: April 2023

Background

In recent years, the quarantine forestry pests the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) Anoplophora glabripennis and the citrus longhorned beetle (CLB) Anoplophora chinensis have spread across the Northern Hemisphere, triggering concern about their potential distribution. However, little is known about the niche shifts of the pests during the invasion, making it difficult to assess their potential ranges. We thus employed two distinct approaches (i.e., ordination‐based and reciprocal model‐based) to compare the native and invaded niches of ALB and CLB after their spread to new continents based on global occurrence records. We further constructed models with pooled occurrences from both the native and invaded ranges to analyze the effects of occurrence partitioning on predicted ranges.

Results

We detected expansions in the invaded niches of both pests, indicating that the niches shifted to varying extents after the invasion. Large shares of the native niches of ALB and CLB remained unfilled, revealing the potential for further invasion in new regions. The models calibrated with pooled occurrences clearly underestimated the potential ranges in invaded regions compared with the projections based on partitioned models considering native and invaded areas separately.

Conclusions

These results emphasize the importance of elucidating the niche dynamics of invasive species for obtaining accurately predicted ranges, which may help identify risk areas masked by the assumption of niche conservatism. Furthermore, prevention and quarantine measures for ALB and CLB are clearly needed to avoid future serious damage to forest ecosystems. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Thirty‐minute test to detect insecticide resistance under field conditions: the case of the Asian citrus psyllid
Authors: Pardo‐Melgarejo Saúl , Rodríguez‐Maciel J. Concepción , Pineda Samuel , Lagunes‐Tejeda Ángel , Guzmán‐Franco Ariel W. , Silva‐Aguayo Gonzalo , Ramírez‐Sánchez Ana Karen
Published: April 2023

Background

Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is one of the most destructive citrus pests worldwide. It is controlled mainly through applications of conventional insecticides. Methodologies used to estimate resistance to insecticides do not correlate with field efficacy, and do not provide timely and reliable information to make decisions at a site where spraying is needed. The use of diagnostic doses with 30‐min exposure is proposed for estimating the resistance of D. citri to imidacloprid, spinosad, malathion and chlorpyrifos at the orchard level.

Results

Under laboratory conditions, we estimated the lowest doses that caused 100% mortality within 30 min of exposure (diagnostic dose) in a susceptible D. citri colony. The diagnostic doses for imidacloprid, spinosad, malathion and chlorpyrifos were 7.4, 4.2, 1.0 and 5.5 mg a.i. L−1, respectively. Under field conditions, we applied the diagnostic doses to D. citri feeding on Citrus aurantifolia Swingle at five localities in Michoacan state, Mexico (Nueva Italia, Santo Domingo, El Varal, Gambara and El Ceñidor). Additionally, the field efficacy of these insecticides against these populations was evaluated. A significant correlation between field efficacy and mortality was observed with the diagnostic doses for imidacloprid, malathion and chlorpyrifos (R2 ≥ 0.93). The correlation for spinosad could not be estimated because the mortality caused by the diagnostic dose and its field efficacy at all study sites was consistently >98%.

Conclusions

Field efficacy and resistance were estimated based on the field diagnostic doses with 30‐min exposure for all tested insecticides. Consequently, growers and pest management technicians can estimate the performance of the evaluated insecticides at the orchard level and before insecticide application. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A general supramolecular adjuvant for pesticides based on host–guest recognition
Authors: Ma Rong , Zheng Yue‐Dan , Tian Han‐Wen , Chen Meng‐Meng , Yue Yu‐Xin , Bian Qiang , Li Hua‐Bin , Guo Dong‐Sheng
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Pesticides are indispensable in agriculture and can effectively improve the yields and quality of crops. Due to their weak water solubility, most pesticides need to be dissolved by adding solubilizing adjuvants. In this work, based on molecular recognition of the macrocyclic host, we developed a novel supramolecular adjuvant, called sulfonated azocalix[4]arene (SAC4A), which significantly improves the water solubility of pesticides.

RESULTS

SAC4A presents multiple advantages, including high water solubility, strong binding affinity, universality, and simple preparation. SAC4A showed an average binding constant value of 1.66 × 105 M−1 for 25 pesticides. Phase solubility results indicated that SAC4A increased the water solubility of pesticides by 80–1310 times. The herbicidal, fungicidal, and insecticidal activities of supramolecular formulations were found to be superior to those of technical pesticides, and the herbicidal effects were even better than those of commercial formulations.

CONCLUSION

Overall results revealed the potential of SAC4A to improve the solubility and effectiveness of pesticides, providing a new development idea for the application of adjuvants in agriculture. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective offerings by rosmarinic acid against neurodegenerative and other CNS pathologies
Authors: Ravaria Pooja , Saxena Priyanka , Laksmi BS Shruti , Ranjan Vikas , Abidi Syed Wasfi Fatma , Saha Priyanka , Ramamoorthy Siva , Ahmad Faraz , Rana Sandeep Singh
Published: April 2023

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural phenolic compound present in culinary herbs of the Boraginaceae, Lamiaceae/Labiatae, and Nepetoideae families. While the medicinal applications of these plants have been known for ages, RA has only been relatively recently established as an effective ameliorative agent against various disorders including cardiac diseases, cancer, and neuropathologies. In particular, several studies have confirmed the neuroprotective potential of RA in multiple cellular and animal models, as well as in clinical studies. The neuroprotective effects mediated by RA stem from its multimodal actions on a plethora of cellular and molecular pathways; including oxidative, bioenergetic, neuroinflammatory, and synaptic signaling. In recent years, RA has garnered tremendous interest as an ideal therapeutic candidate for treating neurodegenerative diseases. This review first briefly discusses the pharmacokinetics of RA and then proceeds to detail the neuroprotective mechanisms of RA at the molecular levels. Finally, the authors focus on the ameliorative potential of RA against several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, ranging from neuropsychological stress and epilepsy to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Robust sampled‐data PID controller design for regulation control of nonlinear systems with output delay
Authors: Li Yaopo , Ma Dan
Published: April 2023

In this article, the robust sampled‐data PID controller design for regulation control of second‐order nonlinear systems with output delay is studied. With the finite difference method, the sampled‐data PID controller is designed utilizing the sampled delay output. A sufficient condition is proposed to guarantee the exponentially regulating of the nonlinear system output to a set‐point. Then the corresponding robust sampled‐data PID controller is designed by solving a linear matrix inequality feasible problem. Furthermore, the robust design of sampled‐data PID control for regulation control of second‐order nonlinear systems against output delay is also given. The control performance comparison and the Monte Carlo simulation are given in numerical examples to illustrate the efficiency of the main results.
UsingEye‐TrackingMeasures to Predict Reading Comprehension
Authors: Mézière Diane C. , Yu Lili , Reichle Erik D. , von der Malsburg Titus , McArthur Genevieve
Published: April 2023

This study examined the potential of eye‐tracking as a tool for assessing reading comprehension. We administered three widely used reading comprehension tests with varying task demands to 79 typical adult readers while monitoring their eye movements. In theYork Assessment of Reading for Comprehension(YARC), participants were given passages of text to read silently, followed by comprehension questions. In theGray Oral Reading Test(GORT‐5), participants were given passages of text to read aloud, followed by comprehension questions. In the sentence comprehension subtest of theWide Range Achievement Test(WRAT‐4), participants were asked to provide a missing word in sentences that they read silently (i.e., a cloze task). Linear models predicting comprehension scores from eye‐tracking measures yielded different results for the three tests. Eye‐tracking measures explained significantly more variance than reading‐speed data for the YARC (four times better), GORT (three times better), and the WRAT (1.3 time better). Importantly, there was no common strong predictor for all three tests. These results support growing recognition that reading comprehension tests do not measure the same cognitive processes, and that participants adapt their reading strategies to the tests' varying task demands. This study also suggests that eye‐tracking may provide a useful alternative for measuring reading comprehension.