bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Study on Gelatin- and Whey Protein Isolate-Based Edible Films as Carriers of Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium L.) Extract
Authors: Kowalczyk Dariusz , Szymanowska Urszula , Skrzypek Tomasz , Basiura-Cembala Monika , Bartkowiak Artur , Łupina Katarzyna
Published: September 2022

Gelatin (GEL) and whey protein isolate (WPI) are often taken into account as carriers of phytoantioxidants for developing active packaging. The materials obtained, however, have not yet been systematically compared to demonstrate their potential benefits and drawbacks. Fireweed extract (FE) is a rich source of polyphenols with high antioxidant activity. Therefore, in this study, the structural, physicochemical, and antiradical properties of GEL and WPI films incorporated with freeze-dried fireweed extract (FE; 0, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05%) were simultaneously evaluated. As verified by X-ray diffraction, the GEL-based films were more crystalline and, consequently, mechanically stronger (~ 9–11 vs. ~ 6 MPa) and less permeable to water vapor than the WPI films (44.95–52.02 vs. 61.47–70.49 g mm m−2 day−1 kPa−1). Furthermore, GEL offered a bit more transparent, less yellow, and more stretchable films (~ 50–59% vs. ~ 26%). In turn, the WPI films had superior UV-protective potential. The higher FE concentration yielded more yellow films with improved UV-blocking ability. The FE (0.05%) made the GEL cryogel denser. Based on the half-time reduction of 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (tABTS50%), the 0.025, and 0.05% FE-supplemented WPI films exhibited ~ 1.6 and ~ 1.9 times better antiradical potential than the GEL counterparts. This result implies that the WPI-based films, being more soluble (35.12–36.74 vs. 31.51–33.21%) and less swellable (192.61–205.88 vs. 1056.93–2282.47%), ensured faster release of FE into aqueous medium. The slower building up of the antiradical activity of the FE-supplemented GEL films suggests that GEL could be more useful in the development of slow/less migratory active packaging systems for high moisture food.
Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic nanocomposites coating materials using nanoemulsion polymerization technique and its application for protecting the petroleum carbon steel pipelines
Authors: Noor El-Din M. R. , Hashem A. I. , Morsi R. E. , Abd El-Azeim A. , Mohamed Reham H.
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to fabricate new superhydrophobic nanocomposite coating materials to protect the inner surfaces of the petroleum pipelines from corrosion. The batch emulsification polymerization technique (BEM) was used as a facial eco-friendly technique to prepare three hydrophobic (styrene/vinyl acetate) copolymers. The sol–gel method was used to prepare SiO2nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) with average size ranging from 90 to 101 nm. The functionalized SiO2-NPs were prepared using hexadecyl trimethoxy silane (HDTS) as a precursor to increasing the hydrophobicity character of the unfunctionalized SiO2-NPs. Three superhydrophobic [(styrene/vinyl acetate copolymer/functionalized SiO2nanoparticles (SiO2NPs)] nanocomposites denoted as M1, M3, and M5 were fabricated by incorporating 1, 3, and 5 wt% of the functionalized-SiO2NPs into the styrene/vinyl acetate copolymer, respectively. The effectiveness of the fabricated nanocomposite coating materials was analyzed using contact angle measurement and transmission electron and atomic force microscopies. The results showed that the highest contact angle of 161.21owas obtained by M5-nanocomposite. The highest corrosion efficiency of 99.63% was obtained at 300 ppm concentration of M5-nanocomposite-coated solution, 298 K, and 24 days.
Drip Too Hard? Commercial Rap Music and Perceived Masculinity Ideals and Actual Self-Evaluations among Black U.S. and Dutch Adolescent Men
Authors: Dankoor Kim , Stephens Dionne , Bogt Tom Ter
Published: September 2022

Popular American commercial rap is believed to (re)produce cultural narratives of masculinity. Yet, there is no knowledge about the relationship between consumption of idealized masculinity in rap and young (Black) men’s senses of masculine selves. This study aims to explore how sixteen American and Dutch Black adolescent men perceive ideals of masculine behavior, physical appearance, and mate desirability in commercial rap. Grounded in social comparison theory, it furthermore aims to understand whether these young men compare themselves to these ideals, and if so, how this informs their self-evaluations. A (hybrid) comparative thematic analysis of interviews with eight U.S. and eight Dutch adolescents revealed three masculinity ideals to be present in rap and congruent with the majority of the respondents’ own ideals. First, it is appropriate for young men to be ‘playas’ and view (young) women as either (sexually) freaky girls or wifey material. Second, attractive men look wealthy, and, third, desirable men financially provide for their partners. The participants who endorsed these ideals and, subsequently, compared themselves to them, reported positive self-evaluations and emotions, which were believed to translate into their own behavior, appearance, and desirability. Interestingly, although the participants came from different cultural contexts, systematic differences in perception, attitude, social comparison and self-evaluation were not found. Suggestions for future research are provided and implications for intervention programs are discussed.
Differences in Social Networking Behaviors Between Italian Gay and Heterosexual Men
Authors: Biancalani Gianmarco , Ronconi Lucia , Testoni Ines
Published: September 2022

The present study investigates differences between gay and heterosexual Italian men regarding both social networking behaviors and addiction. Furthermore, it explores the possible mediation effects of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, fear of missing out, and physical appearance on social networking behaviors and addiction. A total of 586 Italian men (334 gay and 252 heterosexual) were recruited with snowball sampling, and they completed an online questionnaire. Results showed a significant difference between the two groups, with men who identify themselves as gay having higher levels of social networking addiction, narcissism, fear of missing out, and the importance of one’s appearance. A direct effect of sexual orientation on social networking behaviors and addiction can be seen, which is only partially mediated by the variables posed as mediators.
Early diagnostic markers in predicting the severity of dengue disease
Authors: Moras Errol , Achappa Basavaprabhu , Murlimanju B. V. , Raj G. M. Naveen , Holla Ramesh , Madi Deepak , D’Souza Nikhil Victor , Mahalingam Soundarya
Published: September 2022

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the serum ferritin, the biomarker of an acute phase reactant and the gall bladder wall edema, an early indicator of capillary leakage can predict the severity of dengue fever. This study included 131 patients, who were between the age group of 18–80 years. The patients presented to our department with an acute illness, within the first four days of high temperature. The statistical analysis of this study was performed by using the Chi-square and independent Student’s t tests. The diagnostic markers are considered statistically significant, if the serum ferritin level is higher than 500 ng/ml and the gall bladder wall thickness is more than 3 mm. The present study observed that, 39 patients (89%) who had severe dengue (n = 44) revealed a significant gall bladder wall thickening, and this correlation was significant statistically (p < 0.000). It was also observed that, the ferritin levels have a highly significant positive correlation with the severity of dengue. The severe dengue patients had a mean ferritin level of 9125.34 μg/l, whereas the non-severe group had 4271 μg/l. This comparison was also statistically significant, as the p value was 0.003. We report that the serum ferritin levels have a highly significant positive correlation with the severity of dengue. The gall bladder wall edema during the third and fourth day of the illness was also associated with severe dengue. However, diffuse gall bladder wall thickening and high serum ferritin levels are also reported in various other conditions and their exact cause have to be determined by the correlation of associated clinical findings and imaging features.
Mitigating virus spread through dynamic control of community-based social interactions for infection rate and cost
Authors: Zareie Ahmad , Sakellariou Rizos
Published: September 2022

The emergence of a new virus in a community may cause significant overload on health services and may spread out to other communities quickly. Social distancing may help reduce the infection rate within a community and prevent the spread of the virus to other communities. However, social distancing comes at a cost; how to strike a good balance between reduction in infection rate and cost of social distancing may be a challenging problem. In this paper, this problem is formulated as a bi-objective optimization problem. Assuming that in a community-based society interaction links have different capacities, the problem is how to determine link capacity to achieve a good trade-off between infection rate and the costs of social distancing restrictions. A standard epidemic model, Susceptible-Infected-Recovered, is extended to model the spread of a virus in the communities. Two methods are proposed to determine dynamically the extent of contact restriction during a virus outbreak. These methods are evaluated using two synthetic networks; the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods in decreasing both infection rate and social distancing cost compared to naive methods.
Diversity bias in colorectal surgery: a global perspective
Authors: Marinello Franco , Fleming Christina A. , Möeslein Gabriela , Khan Jim , Espín-Basany Eloy , Pellino Gianluca ,   Diversity Bias Study Collaborators, An Yongbo , Bellato Vittoria , Cunha Miguel , Dudi-Venkata Nagendra N. , Gallardo Cristián , Garoufalia Zoe , Zaffaroni Gloria , Yassin Nuha ,   (SoMe Working Group of the European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP), Brady Richard R. W. , Christensen Peter
Published: September 2022

There is a specific lack of data on equity and injustices among colorectal surgeons regarding diversity. This study aimed to explore colorectal surgeon’s lived experience of diversity bias with a specific focus on gender, sexual orientation or gender identity and race or religion. A bespoke questionnaire was designed and disseminated to colorectal surgeons and trainees through specialty association mailing lists and social media channels. Quantitative and qualitative data points were analysed. 306 colorectal surgeons responded globally. 58.8% (n = 180) identified as male and 40.5% (n = 124) as female. 19% were residents/registrars. 39.2% stated that they had personally experienced or witnessed gender inequality in their current workplace, 4.9% because of sexual orientation, and 7.5% due to their race or religion. Sexist jokes, pregnancy-related comments, homophobic comments, liberal use of offensive terms and disparaging comments and stereotypical jokes were commonly experienced. 44.4% (n = 135) did not believe their institution of employer guaranteed an environment of respect for diversity and only 20% were aware of society guidelines on equality and diversity. Diversity bias is prevalent in colorectal surgery. It is necessary to work towards real equality and inclusivity and embrace diversity, both to promote equity among colleagues and provide better surgical care to patients.
Assessing the Cost of Healthy and Unhealthy Diets: A Systematic Review of Methods
Authors: Russell Cherie , Whelan Jillian , Love Penelope
Published: September 2022

Purpose of Review

Poor diets are a leading risk factor for chronic disease globally. Research suggests healthy foods are often harder to access, more expensive, and of a lower quality in rural/remote or low-income/high minority areas. Food pricing studies are frequently undertaken to explore food affordability. We aimed to capture and summarise food environment costing methodologies used in both urban and rural settings.

Recent Findings

Our systematic review of high-income countries between 2006 and 2021 found 100 relevant food pricing studies. Most were conducted in the USA (n = 47) and Australia (n = 24), predominantly in urban areas (n = 74) and cross-sectional in design (n = 76). All described a data collection methodology, with just over half (n = 57) using a named instrument. The main purpose for studies was to monitor food pricing, predominantly using the ‘food basket’, followed by the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Stores (NEMS-S). Comparatively, the Healthy Diets Australian Standardised Affordability and Price (ASAP) instrument supplied data on relative affordability to household incomes.

Future research would benefit from a universal instrument reflecting geographic and socio-cultural context and collecting longitudinal data to inform and evaluate initiatives targeting food affordability, availability, and accessibility.
Cerebral Taenia crassiceps larvae infection in a 71-year-old immunocompetent male
Authors: Floß Niklas , Dolff Sebastian , Junker Andreas , Blau Tobias , Rauschenbach Laurel , Sure Ulrich , Witzke Oliver , Tappe Dennis , Schönfeld Andreas
Published: September 2022

We report a rare case of a cerebral infection with Taenia crassiceps tapeworm larvae in an immunocompetent 71-year-old German male. Initially, an intracerebral malignoma was suspected after the patient experienced stroke-like symptoms. After surgery, helminth larvae, later identified as T. crassiceps, were detected. Identification on the species level was possible by specific PCR and sequencing. After complete surgical removal, the patient was treated with albendazole and dexamethasone for two weeks. No residual symptoms were reported up to date.
Outcome of lung transplant recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2/Omicron/B.1.1.529: a Nationwide German study
Authors: Kneidinger Nikolaus , Hecker Matthias , Bessa Vasiliki , Hettich Ina , Wald Alexandra , Wege Sabine , Nolde Anna-Barbara , Oldigs Maike , Syunyaeva Zulfiya , Wilkens Heinrike , Gottlieb Jens
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the major threat for immunocompromised individuals. The course of COVID-19 in lung transplant recipients in the Omicron era remains unknown. The aim of the study was to assess outcome and associated factors in lung transplant recipients in a German-wide multicenter approach.

Methods

All affected individuals from January 1st to March 20th, 2022 from 8 German centers during the Omicron wave were collected. Baseline characteristics and antiviral measures were associated with outcome.

Results

Of 218 patients with PCR-proven SARS-CoV-2 infection 166 patients (76%) received any early (< 7 days) antiviral therapy median 2 (interquartile range 1–4) days after symptom onset. Most patients received sotrovimab (57%), followed by remdesivir (21%) and molnupiravir (21%). An early combination therapy was applied in 45 patients (21%). Thirty-four patients (16%) developed a severe or critical disease severity according to the WHO scale. In total, 14 patients (6.4%) died subsequently associated with COVID-19. Neither vaccination and antibody status, nor applied treatments were associated with outcome. Only age and glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 were independent risk factors for a severe or critical COVID-19.

Conclusion

COVID-19 due to Omicron remains an important threat for lung transplant recipients. In particular, elderly patients and patients with impaired kidney function are at risk for worse outcome. Prophylaxis and therapy in highly immunocompromised individuals need further improvement.
Research in eating disorders: the misunderstanding of supposing serious mental illnesses as a niche specialty
Authors: Marzola Enrica , Panero Matteo , Longo Paola , Martini Matteo , Fernàndez-Aranda Fernando , Kaye Walter H. , Abbate-Daga Giovanni
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Eating disorders (EDs) are mental illnesses with severe consequences and high mortality rates. Notwithstanding, EDs are considered a niche specialty making it often difficult for researchers to publish in high-impact journals. Subsequently, research on EDs receives less funding than other fields of psychiatry potentially slowing treatment progress. This study aimed to compare research vitality between EDs and schizophrenia focusing on: number and type of publications; top-cited articles; geographical distribution of top-ten publishing countries; journal distribution of scientific production as measured by bibliometric analysis; funded research and collaborations.

Methods

We used the Scopus database, then we adopted the Bibliometrix R-package software with the web interface app Biblioshiny. We included in the analyses 1,916 papers on EDs and 6491 on schizophrenia.

Results

The ED field published three times less than schizophrenia in top-ranking journals – with letters and notes particularly lacking—notwithstanding a comparable number of papers published per author. Only 50% of top-cited articles focused on EDs and a smaller pool of journals available for ED research (i.e., Zones 1 and 2 according to Bradford's law) emerged; journals publishing on EDs showed an overall lower rank compared to the schizophrenia field. Schizophrenia research was more geographically distributed and more funded; in contrast, a comparable collaboration index was found between the fields.

Conclusion

These data show that research on EDs is currently marginalized and top-rank journals are seldom achievable by researchers in EDs. Such difficulties in research dissemination entail potentially serious repercussions on clinical advancements.

Level of evidence

Level V: opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
The stability of carbon from a maize-derived hydrochar as a function of fractionation and hydrothermal carbonization temperature in a Podzol
Authors: de Jager Megan , Schröter Frank , Wark Michael , Giani Luise
Published: September 2022

Hydrochar (HC) produced by the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of typically wet biomass is generally considered to be less effective for carbon (C) sequestration in soils compared to biochar (BC) by pyrolysis, due to a higher content of more easily decomposable C. Although the recalcitrance of HC is suggested to improve with increasing HTC production temperature, the way it interacts and becomes associated with soil organic matter (SOM) fractions of different stabilities against decomposition, may also influence its effectiveness for C sequestration in soils. In that respect, this study aimed to verify the potential of HCs from maize silage produced at different HTC temperatures (190, 210 and 230 °C) for C sequestration in a HC-amended sandy loam Podzol. To do this, we conducted a pot trial experiment and traced the fate of HC-derived C (HC-C) within different SOM fractions, namely the free- and occluded particulate organic matter (POMF and POMO, respectively) fractions and that comprising organic matter (OM) bound to clays (OMCl). Approx. 1 year after applying 5% of the different HTC temperature HCs to the soil, the SOM fractions were isolated by density fractionation for each HC treatment (HC190, HC210 and HC230) and the control (absent of HC). All fractions and the HCs were analyzed for organic C (OC) content and isotopic signatures (δ 13C). From the δ 13C signatures, the amount of HC-C and native soil organic carbon (SOC) within each fraction was calculated. Increased C contents and decreased H/C and O/C ratios were observed with increasing HTC production temperatures, which suggests a lower stability for the low temperature HC. After ca. 1 year, a loss of ~ 20–23% of the bulk soil TOC was found in the HC-amended soils. The POMF fraction of the HC-amended soils showed losses of 68–81% HC-C and 52–72% native SOC, which may be due to a positive priming effect caused by HC addition. The POMO and OMCl fractions of the HC-amended soils contained more OC than the control, indicating the integration of HC-C together with SOM within these more stable fractions, while the effect of HTC production temperature on the level of decomposition of the resultant HCs was negligible. In all HC treatments, the OMCl fraction comprised the least amount of HC-C, thus showing the weakest response to C amendment. In conclusion, long(er)-term research on the C net balance that accounts for the observed priming-induced TOC losses and the HC-C enrichment in more stable fractions is required to verify the potential of the different HCs for the purpose of C sequestration in soils.

Graphical Abstract
Sustainability and social transformation: the role of ecovillages in confluence with the pluriverse of community-led alternatives
Authors: Fonseca Renata Amorim Almeida , Irving Marta de Azevedo , Nasri Yasmin Xavier Guimarães , Ferreira Graciella Faico
Published: September 2022

Amidst the uncertainties of a climate emergency scenario, sustainable and counter-hegemonic alternatives of social and productive organization are being developed by several grassroots local communities. Thus, this essay aims to critically discuss the role of ecovillages within thepluriverseof community-led alternatives, understood as a plural set of socially and environmentally transformative possibilities. Adopting a decolonial perspective, this study was carried out through an exploratory qualitative approach, based on a bibliographic and documentary survey. According to the adopted premises, it is possible to recognize that communal territorial innovations, as illustrated by ecovillages’ practices, may expand the horizon of solutions to face contemporary multiple crises. In line with the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda, confluences between diverse community-led alternatives can contribute to deconstruct rooted development premises and to potentialize climate actions toward a just and sustainable transition, in tune with the triune dimensions of cultural identity, social equity, and ecological sustainability of theBuen Vivircommunal ethics.

Graphical abstract
Perspectives on the success of electric propulsion
Authors: Brophy John R.
Published: September 2022

Electric propulsion is now in both widespread use and active flight-implementation across a broad spectrum of commercial and government applications ranging from cubesats, LEO constellations, GEO comsats, deep space science missions, and even the human-tended Lunar Gateway. It has been my good fortune to witness, and even participate in, to some small extent, the transition of electric propulsion technology from laboratory development to its current wide-ranging acceptance. This paper summarizes my recollection on how this happened from the perspective of working on electric propulsion for 44 years, most of it at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Space limitations dictate that this summary cannot include all (or maybe even most) of the important details and developments of a story that spans more than 40 years. The objective was to identify the key factors that drove electric propulsion’s successes.
An integrated cyberGIS and machine learning framework for fine-scale prediction of Urban Heat Island using satellite remote sensing and urban sensor network data
Authors: Lyu Fangzheng , Wang Shaohua , Han Su Yeon , Catlett Charlie , Wang Shaowen
Published: September 2022

Due to climate change and rapid urbanization, Urban Heat Island (UHI), featuring significantly higher temperature in metropolitan areas than surrounding areas, has caused negative impacts on urban communities. Temporal granularity is often limited in UHI studies based on satellite remote sensing data that typically has multi-day frequency coverage of a particular urban area. This low temporal frequency has restricted the development of models for predicting UHI. To resolve this limitation, this study has developed a cyber-based geographic information science and systems (cyberGIS) framework encompassing multiple machine learning models for predicting UHI with high-frequency urban sensor network data combined with remote sensing data focused on Chicago, Illinois, from 2018 to 2020. Enabled by rapid advances in urban sensor network technologies and high-performance computing, this framework is designed to predict UHI in Chicago with fine spatiotemporal granularity based on environmental data collected with the Array of Things (AoT) urban sensor network and Landsat-8 remote sensing imagery. Our computational experiments revealed that a random forest regression (RFR) model outperforms other models with the prediction accuracy of 0.45 degree Celsius in 2020 and 0.8 degree Celsius in 2018 and 2019 with mean absolute error as the evaluation metric. Humidity, distance to geographic center, and PM2.5 concentration are identified as important factors contributing to the model performance. Furthermore, we estimate UHI in Chicago with 10-min temporal frequency and 1-km spatial resolution on the hottest day in 2018. It is demonstrated that the RFR model can accurately predict UHI at fine spatiotemporal scales with high-frequency urban sensor network data integrated with satellite remote sensing data.
m6A-TSHub: Unveiling the Context-Specific m6A Methylation and m6A-Affecting Mutations in 23 Human Tissues
Authors: Song Bowen , Huang Daiyun , Zhang Yuxin , Wei Zhen , Su Jionglong , Pedro de Magalhães João , Rigden Daniel J. , Meng Jia , Chen Kunqi
Published: September 2022

As the most pervasive epigenetic marker present on mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), N  6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation has been shown to participate in essential biological processes. Recent studies have revealed the distinct patterns of m6A methylome across human tissues, and a major challenge remains in elucidating the tissue-specific presence and circuitry of m6A methylation. We present here a comprehensive online platform, m6A-TSHub, for unveiling the context-specific m6A methylation and genetic mutations that potentially regulate m6A epigenetic mark. m6A-TSHub consists of four core components, including (1) m6A-TSDB, a comprehensive database of 184,554 functionally annotated m6A sites derived from 23 human tissues and 499,369 m6A sites from 25 tumor conditions, respectively; (2) m6A-TSFinder, a web server for high-accuracy prediction of m6A methylation sites within a specific tissue from RNA sequences, which was constructed using multi-instance deep neural networks with gated attention; (3) m6A-TSVar, a web server for assessing the impact of genetic variants on tissue-specific m6A RNA modifications; and (4) m6A-CAVar, a database of 587,983 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cancer mutations (derived from 27 cancer types) that were predicted to affect m6A modifications in the primary tissue of cancers. The database should make a useful resource for studying the m6A methylome and the genetic factors of epitranscriptome disturbance in a specific tissue (or cancer type). m6A-TSHub is accessible at www.xjtlu.edu.cn/biologicalsciences/m6ats.
Bach, Handel and Scarlatti
Authors: Kroll Mark
Published: September 2022

The music of Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederic Handel and Domenico Scarlatti received more performances, publications and appreciation in Britain between 1750–1850 than in any other country during this era. The compositions of these three seminal baroque composers were heard in the numerous public and private concerts that proliferated at this time; edited, arranged and published for professionals and amateurs; written about by scholars and journalists; and used as teaching pieces and in pedagogical treatises. This Element examines the reception of their music during this dynamic period in British musical history, and places the discussion within the context of the artistic, cultural, economic, and political factors that stimulated such passionate interest in 'ancient music.' It also offers a vivid picture of the aesthetic concerns of those musicians and audiences involved with this repertoire, providing insights that help us better understand our own encounters with music of the past.
The Origins of Greek Temple Architecture
Authors: Pierattini Alessandro
Published: September 2022

In this book, Alessandro Pierattini offers a comprehensive study of the evolution of pre-archaic Greek temple architecture from the eleventh to mid-seventh century BCE. Demystifying the formative stages of Greek architecture, he traces how temples were transformed from unassuming shrines made of perishable materials into large stone and terracotta monuments. Grounded in archaeological evidence, the volume analyzes the design, function, construction, and aesthetic of the Greek temple. While the book's primary focus is architectural, it also draws on non-architectural material culture, ancient cult practice, and social history, which also defined the context that fostered the Greek temple's initial development. In reconstituting this early history, Pierattini also draws attention to new developments as well as legacies from previous eras. Ultimately, he reveals why the temple's  pre-Archaic development is not only of interest in itself, but also a key to the origins of the Greek monumental architecture of the Archaic period.
Boundary Making in Translation Zones
Authors: Davidovic Walther Antonia
Published: September 2022

The article discusses practices of cooperation between metal detectorists and professional archaeologists in Germany by exploring the approach of the regional office for historic preservation (Generaldirektion Kulturelles Erbe) in Speyer (Rheinland-Pfalz, southwest Germany). Its model is based on open access to a permit for detecting in a certain area, combined with regular meetings in order to establish knowledge circulation between volunteer and professional spheres. Relying on ethnographic fieldwork and questionnaires, the research shows that the approach creates a symmetric coproduction of knowledge, recognizing the metal detectorists as volunteer researchers producing genuine knowledge. Several theoretical aspects of knowledge circulation are analyzed with regard to their relevance for practices of knowledge production. The enactment of the boundary between public and professionals is the result of boundary work actively performed. As a consequence, this boundary should rather be seen as a fluid, hybrid zone, conceptualized as a translation zone. The concept of boundary objects points to the importance of specific elements for enabling circulation of knowledge between different spheres. Various communities of practice and their shared practices, conventions, perceptions, et cetera, influence the relationship and knowledge circulation, and these should be taken into account in coproduction processes.
Assessor Relative Conativism
Authors: MILLER KRISTIE
Published: September 2022

According to conventionalist or conativist views about personal-identity, utterances of personal-identity sentences express propositions that are, in part, made true by the conative attitudes of relevant persons-stages. In this paper I introduce assessor relative conativism: the view that a personal-identity proposition can be true when evaluated at one person-stage's context and false when evaluated at another person-stage's context, because person-stages have different patterns of conative attitudes. I present several reasons to embrace assessor relative conativism over its more familiar realizer relative cousin.
Subsystem entropies of shifts of finite type and sofic shifts on countable amenable groups
Authors: BLAND ROBERT , MCGOFF KEVIN , PAVLOV RONNIE
Published: September 2022

In this work, we study the entropies of subsystems of shifts of finite type (SFTs) and sofic shifts on countable amenable groups. We prove that for any countable amenable group G, if X is a G-SFT with positive topological entropy
$h(X)> 0$
, then the entropies of the SFT subsystems of X are dense in the interval
$[0, h(X)]$
. In fact, we prove a ‘relative’ version of the same result: if X is a G-SFT and
$Y \subset X$
is a subshift such that
$h(Y) < h(X)$
, then the entropies of the SFTs Z for which
$Y \subset Z \subset X$
are dense in
$[h(Y), h(X)]$
. We also establish analogous results for sofic G-shifts.
Rational points on nonlinear horocycles and pigeonhole statistics for the fractional parts of
Authors: PATTISON SAM
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we investigate pigeonhole statistics for the fractional parts of the sequence
$\sqrt {n}$
. Namely, we partition the unit circle
$ \mathbb {T} = \mathbb {R}/\mathbb {Z}$
into N intervals and show that the proportion of intervals containing exactly j points of the sequence
$(\sqrt {n} + \mathbb {Z})_{n=1}^N$
converges in the limit as
$N \to \infty $
. More generally, we investigate how the limiting distribution of the first
$sN$
points of the sequence varies with the parameter
$s \geq 0$
. A natural way to examine this is via point processes—random measures on
$[0,\infty )$
which represent the arrival times of the points of our sequence to a random interval from our partition. We show that the sequence of point processes we obtain converges in distribution and give an explicit description of the limiting process in terms of random affine unimodular lattices. Our work uses ergodic theory in the space of affine unimodular lattices, building upon work of Elkies and McMullen [Gaps in
$\sqrt {n}$
mod 1 and ergodic theory. Duke Math. J.123 (2004), 95–139]. We prove a generalisation of equidistribution of rational points on expanding horocycles in the modular surface, working instead on nonlinear horocycle sections.
Nosocomial outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant among vaccinated healthcare workers and immunocompromised patients on a solid-organ transplant unit: Complexities of an epidemiologic and genomic investigation
Authors: Ryder Jonathan H. , Van Schooneveld Trevor C. , Abdalhamid Baha , Wood Macy G. , Wahlig Taylor A. , Starlin Richard , Gillett Gayle , Balfour Teresa , Pflueger Libby , Rupp Mark E.
Published: September 2022

In September 2021, a cluster of 6 patients with nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were identified in a transplant unit. A visitor and 11 healthcare workers also tested positive for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Genomic sequencing identified 3 separate introductions of SARS-CoV-2 with related transmission among the identified patients and healthcare workers.
Expanding the I-O psychology mindset to organizational success
Authors: Schneider Benjamin , Pulakos Elaine D.
Published: September 2022

The paper proposes that industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology will benefit greatly from expanding our research focus from predominantly individual differences to studying organizational differences. We argue here that an increased organizational frame of reference on variables of interest to I-O psychology (e.g., selection, job design, performance management (PM), work motivation) is important because it will enhance our understanding of organizational behavior and make I-O research more effective in practice. After noting some organizational-level research already being done, several examples are provided for how an organizational mindset and methods can provide new insights into traditional areas of I-O effort. Also discussed is how methodological issues that may have constrained the study of organizational differences in the past and the potential new issues such research may yield can be addressed. We conclude that the future maintenance and enhancement of the I-O psychology brand as a science–practice profession requires enhanced attention to the organization level of analysis as our frame of reference for research.
Transition induced by an egg-crate roughness on a flat plate in supersonic flow
Authors: Chou Amanda , Paredes Pedro , Kegerise Michael A. , King Rudolph A. , Choudhari Meelan , Li Fei
Published: September 2022

Hot-wire measurements in a Mach 3.5 quiet tunnel were made in the wake of a roughness patch on a flat plate. These measurements were used to determine mode shapes and frequencies of the dominant instabilities leading to boundary-layer transition. The egg-crate roughness pattern is an analytic function described by a sinusoidal equation, similar to an array of discrete elements that are positioned in a spanwise and streamwise grid, but containing both protuberances and dimples. This is an intermediate configuration towards understanding the underlying physics of a pseudorandom distributed roughness, and ultimately, the underlying physics of roughness-induced boundary-layer transition. The roughness pattern had a wavelength of 6.25 mm, with a nominal amplitude of 272 

${\rm \mu}{\rm m}$

(0.49 times the boundary layer thickness at the first row of protuberances). The roughness was positioned near the leading edge of the flat plate and contained 3.5 wavelengths in the streamwise direction and 7.5 wavelengths in the spanwise direction. The dominant instability was centred near 74 kHz at a free stream unit Reynolds number of

$12.9\times 10^{6}\,{\rm m}^{-1}$

and resembled an antisymmetric mode downstream of each of the protuberances in the roughness patch. Computations using linear stability analysis based on the plane-marching parabolized stability equations (PSE) showed limited agreement with measurements when comparing the growth of the wake instability. Better agreement with the measurements was observed when considering the modification of first mode waves by the egg-crate roughness patch and the solution of the three-dimensional harmonic linearized Navier–Stokes equations was used as the in-flow to the PSE. The agreement confirms the significance of disturbance growth both upstream of and above a finite length roughness patch and the effect on the growth of instabilities in the wake.
Gains in body mass and body water in pregnancy and relationships to birth weight of offspring in rural and urban Pune, India
Authors: Rush Elaine C. , Plank Lindsay D. , Lubree Himangi , Bhat Dattatray S. , Ganpule Anjali , Yajnik Chittaranjan S.
Published: September 2022

Maternal size, weight gain in pregnancy, fetal gender, environment and gestational age are known determinants of birth weight. It is not clear which component of maternal weight or gained weight during pregnancy influences birth weight. We evaluated the association of maternal total body water measured by the deuterium dilution technique (TBW-D2O) at 17 and 34 weeks of gestation with birth weight. A secondary aim was to examine the utility of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) to determine total body water (TBW-BIS) in pregnancy. At 17 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, ninety-nine women (fifty-one rural and forty-eight urban) from Pune, India had measurements of body weight, TBW-D2O, TBW-BIS and offspring birth weight. At 17 weeks of gestation, average weights for rural and urban women were 45⋅5 ± 4⋅8 (sd) and 50⋅7 ± 7⋅8 kg (P < 0⋅0001), respectively. Maternal weight gains over the subsequent 17 weeks for rural and urban women were 6⋅0 ± 2⋅2 and 7⋅5 ± 2⋅8 kg (P = 0⋅003) and water gains were 4⋅0 ± 2⋅4 and 4⋅8 ± 2⋅8 kg (P = 0⋅092), respectively. In both rural and urban women, birth weight was positively, and independently, associated with gestation and parity. Only for rural women, between 17 and 34 weeks, was an increase in dry mass (weight minus TBW-D2O) or a decrease in TBW-D2O as a percentage of total weight associated with a higher birth weight. At both 17 and 34 weeks, TBW-BIS increasingly underestimated TBW-D2O as the water space increased. Differences in body composition during pregnancy between rural and urban environments and possible impacts of nutrition transition on maternal body composition and fetal growth were demonstrated.
Evidence of distant spiral arms in the Galactic disk quadrant IV from VVV red clump giants
Authors: Kammers R. , Saito R. K. , Botan E. , Minniti D. , Alonso-García J. , Smith L. C. , Lucas P. W.
Published: September 2022

The discovery of new clear windows in the Galactic plane using the VVV near-IR extinction maps allows the study of the structure of the Milky Way (MW) disk. The ultimate goal of this work is to map the spiral arms in the far side of the MW, which is a relatively unexplored region of our Galaxy, using red clump (RC) giants as distance indicators. We search for near-IR clear windows located at low Galactic latitudes ($|b|< 1$deg) in the MW disk using the VVV near-IR extinction maps. We have identified two new windows named VVV WIN 1607–5258 and VVV WIN 1475–5877, respectively, that complement the previously known window VVV WIN 1713–3939. We analyse the distribution of RC stars in these three clear near-IR windows and measure their number density along the line of sight. This allows us to find overdensities in the distribution and measure their distances along the line of sight. We then use the VVV proper motions in order to measure the kinematics of the RC stars at different distances. We find enhancements in the distance distribution of RC giants in all the studied windows, interpreting them as the presence of spiral arms in the MW disk. These structures are absent in the current models of synthetic population for the same MW lines of sight. We were able to trace the end of the Galactic bar, the Norma arm, as well as the Scutum–Centaurus arm in the far disk. Using the VVV proper motions, we measure the kinematics for these Galactic features, confirming that they share the bulk rotation of the Galactic disk.
MIS 3–2 PALEO-WINTER TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTIONS OBTAINED FROM STABLE WATER ISOTOPE RECORDS OF RADIOCARBON-DATED ICE WEDGES OF THE BATAGAY ICE COMPLEX (YANA UPLAND, EASTERN SIBERIA)
Authors: Vasil’chuk Yurij , Vasil’chuk Jessica , Budantseva Nadine , Vasil’chuk Alla
Published: September 2022

The recently formed Batagay mega-thaw slump exposes permafrost deposits to a depth of up to 92 m below ground surface and provides insight into the climate record in the region of the most severe continental climate in the Northern Hemisphere. Radiocarbon and stable isotope data were obtained to verify the age of ice wedges in the Batagay yedoma (upper Ice Complex in the local cryostratigraphy), and to deduce paleoclimate information. A millennial-scale resolution paleotemperature record from radiocarbon-dated ice wedges spans Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–2. The Batagay mean January air paleo-temperature during the 44.9–42 and 30.8–27.1 cal ka BP periods was stable cold has been reconstructed to about –51 ± 3°C each.
TACITUS AND DIO ON TIBERIUS AND THE TIBER (ANNALS1.76.1, 1.79.1–4; DIO 57.14.7–8)
Authors: Kragelund Patrick
Published: September 2022

The focus of this article is on a curious episode at the end of the first book of Tacitus’Annals. It is argued that Tacitus here is at his most metaphoric and allusive, allowing a senatorial debate on the possibly prophetic meaning of an inundation of the Tiber to become a debate about the overwhelming power of the river's namesake Tiberius. Parallels from Dio (and perhaps also from Livy) indicate that inundations of the Tiber by the end of the Republic had become prophetic warnings of the rise of the dynasts undermining the stability of the Republic. In Tacitus, procedural anomalies and suggestive wordplay bring to the fore the religious and constitutional issues that in the Senate's handling of this Tiberineprodigiumreflect its submission to the ever more oppressive power of Tiberius.
Words Matter: The Role of Readability, Tone, and Deception Cues in Online Credit Markets
Authors: Gao Qiang , Lin Mingfeng , Sias Richard
Published: September 2022

Using debt crowdfunding data, we investigate whether borrowers’ writing style is associated with an online lender and borrower behaviors, whether the information contained in linguistic style can mitigate information asymmetry in peer-to-peer markets, and whether online investors correctly interpret the economic value of written texts. Peer-to-peer lenders bid more aggressively, are more likely to fund, and charge lower rates to online borrowers whose writing is more readable, more positive, and contains fewer deception cues. Moreover, such borrowers are less likely to default. Online investors, however, fail to fully account for the information contained in borrowers’ writing.
Relationship Lending and Employment Decisions in Firms’ Bad Times
Authors: Murro Pierluigi , Oliviero Tommaso , Zazzaro Alberto
Published: September 2022

Using firm-level survey information, we investigate whether relationship lending affects firms’ employment decisions in the face of negative sales shock. We find that firms with a durable relationship with their main bank display significantly less employment growth sensitivity to such shocks, especially where these are transitory. The result is stronger for younger and smaller firms that benefit from tighter bank-firm relationships, and for firms in sectors or economic environments where the costs of employment adjustment are greater. Our findings indicate that relationship lending provides liquidity insurance to firms to meet their demand for labor hoarding.
Asymmetric constrained control scheme design with discrete output feedback in unknown robot–environment interaction system
Authors: Yu Xinyi , Luo Huizhen , Shi Shuanwu , Wei Yan , Ou Linlin
Published: September 2022

In this paper, an overall structure with the asymmetric constrained controller is constructed for human–robot interaction in uncertain environments. The control structure consists of two decoupling loops. In the outer loop, a discrete output feedback adaptive dynamics programing (OPFB ADP) algorithm is proposed to deal with the problems of unknown environment dynamic and unobservable environment position. Besides, a discount factor is added to the discrete OPFB ADP algorithm to improve the convergence speed. In the inner loop, a constrained controller is developed on the basis of asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function, and a neural network method is applied to approximate the dynamic characteristics of the uncertain system model. By utilizing this controller, the robot can track the prescribed trajectory precisely within a security boundary. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Bodies and environmental matters in Maoism and Gandhism
Authors: Lo Kwai Cheung
Published: September 2022

When the global material reality has already been reshaped and determined by western modernity, Gandhism and Maoism stand for attempts to discover a material world other than the existing one. I examine the ways in which the theory and practice of the body in Mao and Gandhi resonates with new materialisms' views of the body and matter as dynamic multitude and anti-dualistic open system. Gandhi and Mao share the concerns of new materialism in terms of seeing human bodies, environments, (in)organic matters and systems as configurations of multiple influences and dependencies. To put Maoism and Gandhism in the perspective of today's new materialism, the entanglement of human, nature and matter in their ideas also functions as a kind of agency in connection to other socio-political forces (instead of deploying ethics, as current new materialist ontologies have done) to enact changes. The ways in which the two formidable Asian thinkers grasp materials sound more like an abstraction, revealing that materialisms – either old or new – may be something other than what they define themselves as.