bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of atrial fibrillation and left atrial size in rheumatic mitral valve disease
Authors: Dorasanamma Malli , Gangaram U. , Prasad B. Indeevar
Published: December 2020

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia which is as associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity, mortality and preventable stroke. AF is common in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) particularly mitral stenosis (MS). Left atrial (LA) dilatation is the predisposing factor for the development of AF in rheumatic mitral valve disease. Aim was to study the correlation between AF and LA size in rheumatic mitral valve disease in the population of Southern Andhra Pradesh.  Methods: This is a prospective, observational study conducted in 42 patients diagnosed to have RMVD in Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh between August 2018 and July 2020. Detailed patient history and complete clinical examination were performed. Standard 12 lead Electrocardiography (ECG) and 2-D echocardiography were done. Left atrial size was measured and compared with patients in AF and with sinus rhythm.  Results: The age of patients ranged from 20-76 years with the mean age of 40.33 years. Out of 42 patients 26 were in AF and 16 in sinus rhythm. Among 26 patients in AF, 22 (84.6%) had LA size ≥4 cm and 4 (15.38%) had <4 cm with mean LA size of 4.6 cm whereas among 16 patients in sinus rhythm, 10 (62.5%) had LA size <4 cm and 6 (37.5%) had ≥4 cm with a mean of 3.83 cm.  Conclusions: Left atrial size ≥4 cm is the predisposing factor for the development of AF in rheumatic mitral valve disease. Therefore, if patients in sinus rhythm who are at high risk of developing AF are identified, prophylactic anticoagulation and antiarrythmic drugs might prevent AF induced complications like embolism and symptom exacerbation in rheumatic mitral valve disease.
The mask dilemma: unmasking the myths and facts
Authors: Narayanan Varsha
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading across the globe in 2020 with most countries being affected significantly in terms of the number of infected cases, morbidity and mortality, as well as health care and economic burden. Currently the most important individual and community measures for curtailing disease transmission are social distancing, hand sanitization and wearing of masks in public. It is important to advocate wearing masks in an effective and balanced manner and dispense supportive scientific evidence as well as practical guidelines and information in the community. Till the event of mass vaccination for COVID being available, improving the awareness, compliance and acceptance of the people towards proper wearing of a face mask when in public places, can be the most effective way for several countries to control transmission of COVID.
Attitude of Gratitude: Evaluation of a Wellness Program to Improve Dispositional Gratitude Among Medical Students
Authors:   University of South Florida, Phillips Amelia , Klocksieben Farina ,   University of South Florida
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Medical students face significant mental health challenges as they matriculate through medical training. Research has emphasized the need for more interventions that promote physician trainee well-being and resilience during the early stages of training. Recent interventions have shown to be effective in promoting mental health and well-being; however, no interventions have examined the impact that daily gratitude practice, which is linked to increased well-being, may have on dispositional gratitude levels among medical students. Methods: In Spring 2019, medical students at the University of South Florida were invited to participate in a gratitude program. Participants logged three good things that happened to them each day, for a period of 30 days. Their dispositional gratitude levels were assessed using the short-form Gratitude Resentment and Application Test (GRAT) before and after the 30-day intervention. Participant demographics and changes in GRAT scores from baseline to follow-up were examined. Results: Forty-six medical students volunteered to participate in a short-term, gratitude-focused wellness program. Overall levels of dispositional gratitude increased significantly among medical students (p<.001). While a significant increase in GRAT score was found among the thirty-five female participants (p<.001), no significant change was found among the eleven male participants (p=.154). GRAT scores increased significantly among both first- and second-year medical students (p=.001). However, no significant increases were reported among third- and fourth-year students (p=.109). GRAT scores increased significantly regardless of whether students used a tool to practice gratitude at baseline. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that a 30-day gratitude practice program can improve dispositional gratitude among medical students, particularly among female students and pre-clinical students in years one and two.
A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Role of Interactive Lecture Classes and Self-Directed Learning Sessions among First MBBS Students in the Department of Physiology during Implementation of Competency Based Medical Education
Authors: Chaudhuri Arunima , Paul Suhrita , Goswami Ayan
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Implementing the new competency based medical education is quite challenging for medical educators while teaching newly admitted undergraduate medical students. We wanted to compare the role of interactive lecture classes with self-directed sessions among first MBBS students in the Department of Physiology during implementation of competency based medical education. METHODS The present study was conducted in the Department of Physiology among two hundred undergraduate medical students after obtaining Institutional Ethical Clearance. Ten interactive lecture classes were compared with ten self-directed learning sessions using pre-test and post-test MCQS. Students’ feedback was collected following the sessions and students were provided with feedback following each session. Feedbacks from facilitators were also taken following the sessions. SPSS version 16 was used to analyse the data. T test was done to compare the different teaching methods. RESULTS Students were more satisfied with the SDL sessions. According to the teachers, students participated and interacted in SDL sessions better when compared to traditional classes. Teachers had to put much more effort to the SDL sessions as compared to traditional lecture sessions to make these sessions effective. There was no difference in performance between traditional lecture classes and self-directed learning sessions in pre-test sessions (50.39 ± 19.41 vs. 52.84 ± 16.01; p value 0.17). Students performed better in post-test sessions (50.39 ± 19.41 vs. 63.38 ± 12.79; p value < 0.0001**) as compared to pretest sessions in interactive lecture classes. Students performed better in posttest sessions (52.84 ± 16.01 vs. 69.79 ± 12.4; p value < 0.0001**) as compared to pre-test sessions during assessment of self-directed learning sessions. Performances of students were also better in SDL sessions as compared to interactive lecture classes in post-test sessions. (69.79 ± 12.4 vs. 63.38 ± 12.79; p value < 0.0001**). CONCLUSIONS Self-directed learning sessions were more effective than interactive lecture classes for teaching physiology to undergraduate medical students and for implementation of competency based medical education. Successful implementation of SDL sessions requires a greater number of teachers as compared to interactive lecture sessions. KEYWORDS Traditional Lecture Classes, Self-Directed Learning, Competency Based Medical Education
Clinical and Morphological Profile of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Children - A Five Year Study in a Paediatric Tertiary Health Care Centre of South India
Authors: Krishnan Ashida M. , M.L Deepthi Raj , V.S Priya , R.S Arya
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is one of the most commonly encountered disease in paediatric practice. Thorough clinical and morphological study of peripheral blood and bone marrow is required for confirming ITP. Clinicomorphological aspects of paediatric ITP is a less studied topic especially in developing countries like India. The objective was to study the clinical and morphological profile of paediatric cases of ITP. METHODS This is a 5-year record based retrospective study conducted in a paediatric tertiary health care centre in Kerala, South India. Data of all paediatric cases diagnosed as ITP including clinical presentation, clinical findings, blood counts, peripheral blood morphology, bone marrow morphology, and treatment response was collected and entered in SPSS software version 16.0 and analysed. For assessing correlation, chi-square test was used. RESULTS The age of children ranged from 3 months to 15 years. H/o viral fever was noted in 53 % cases. Cases which had moderate and severe thrombocytopenia were 74 % and 21 % respectively. Isolated thrombocytopenia was the most common peripheral blood picture observed with few cases showing coexisting eosinophilia and anaemia. All cases showed megakaryocyte proliferation in marrow with 9 % cases showing coexisting iron deficiency anaemia. Majority of cases showed rapid response to steroid / IVIG therapy and the response had no correlation with grade of thrombocytopenia (p value < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Paediatric cases of ITP usually present following viral infections or vaccination, with worrisome bleeding episodes, petechiae, ecchymosis or purpura. KEYWORDS ITP, Paediatrics, Platelet Count, Thrombocytopenia, Vaccination
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Profile of Chordomas - A Retrospective Evaluation from a Tertiary Institution of Eastern India
Authors: Bhattacharyya Bhaskar , Das Amit Kumar , Roy Arijit , Mukherjee Aprateem , Dhibar Tapan , Saha Kiran Sankar , Chattopadhyay Amitabha
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Chordomas are tumours presumed to originate from the remnants of embryonic notochord. They present a diagnostic challenge as they can occur in any region within the craniospinal axis and are rare with an incidence of less than 0.1 / 100,000 per year. Imaging is required for their evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice due to excellent soft tissue resolution, multiplanar imaging capabilities and precise anatomical delineation. METHODS MRI scans of 10 patients, who had proven chordomas histologically, were evaluated retrospectively in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences from July 2012 to June 2018. Patients without histological proof of chordomas and those lost to follow-up were not included in the study. Clinical information such as age, sex, presenting symptoms were noted. Imaging parameters assessed included tumour location, bone destruction, extraspinal soft tissue component, spinal canal and neural foramina encroachment, arterial encasement, signal intensity, morphology and enhancement pattern by MRI. All the cases were scanned in a 1.5 Tesla MRI machine. Intravenous contrast were used in all cases. RESULTS Of the 10 cases, 7 were male and 3 were female. There were 7 cases of sacrococcygeal chordomas and 3 cases of clival chordomas. The tumours appeared as multilobulated masses with bone destruction. All sacrococcygeal lesions involved more than one vertebral segment with extraspinal soft tissue component encroaching the pelvic cavity and showed cystic spaces containing hypointense septae. All 3 cases of clival chordomas showed compression of the pons and basilar artery. In one case there was compression of optic chiasma with displacement of internal carotid arteries laterally. On T1 weighted imaging, the chordomas were isointense in 4 and hypointense in 6 cases. These tumours were hyperintense in T2WI in 8 and intermediate to high in signal intensity in 2 cases. All demonstrated heterogenous enhancement on contrast with moderate enhancement in 8 patients and mild enhancement in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS Chordomas are rare tumours that can occur anywhere in the craniospinal axis. MRI is the modality of choice for imaging of chordomas. Characteristic findings in MRI include low to intermediate signal intensity on T1w images and high signal intensity on T2w images. Sacral chordomas have T2 hyperintense cystic masses with hypointense septa. Enhancement is heterogenous ranging from mild to moderate. MRI is invaluable for a pre-operative diagnosis, delineation of tumour extent and as roadmap for surgery and radiotherapy. KEYWORDS Chordomas, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clivus, Sacrococcygeal
Histopathological Spectrum of Nephrectomies - A 10 Year Descriptive Study from a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Mohan Bhavya P. , Leelamma Jaylakshmy Payippat , Vilasiniamma Letha , Bhat Suresh
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND Nephrectomy is the standard surgical treatment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in the kidney and provides more insight into the detailed histopathology of renal lesions. We wanted to identify the age groups, gender distribution and different histopathological types and subtypes of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in nephrectomy specimens over a period of ten years. METHODS A retrospective analysis was done over a period of ten years (January 2006 to December 2015). All nephrectomy specimens received in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam were recorded from histopathology registers and analysed with regard to age, gender and histopathological types. RESULTS A total of 532 lesions was encountered in our analysis. Males (61.8 %) were affected more than females (38.2 %). Lesions were more on the left side (50.8 %) than right side (49.2 %). Non-neoplastic lesions (53 %) outnumbered neoplastic lesions (47 %). Inflammatory and obstructive causes constituted the majority (43.8 %) in non-neoplastic lesions and renal cell carcinoma was the commonest neoplasm (71.2 %). CONCLUSIONS There is a wide age distribution of renal diseases in the present study. Inflammatory and obstructive conditions constituted the most common indication for nephrectomy, followed by malignant tumours. KEYWORDS Renal Cell Carcinoma, Nephrectomy, Pyelonephritis, Simple Renal Cyst, Wilms Tumour
Visual sociological research using film and video, on the example of urban studies
Authors: Kaczmarek Jerzy
Published: December 2020

The use of film and video in sociological research, or social sciences in general, has a long and well-established tradition. Motion pictures have, on the one hand, been the object of analysis, as in the case of sociology of film, and, on the other, they have been used as a research tool. Moreover, films can be scientific statements in their own right, as is the case with sociological film.

The use of visual methods based on both still and moving pictures works very well for exploring the physical and social space of the city. The article looks at ways of using films and the actual process of obtaining film data in sociological research. Works featuring urban themes will be considered as special cases to illustrate the author’s reflections. It is noteworthy that early cinema already showed urban space, as exemplified in the films by the Lumière brothers who, incidentally, treated their motion pictures primarily as a scientific tool.

City-related topics appear in research by film sociologists who analysed films featuring urban themes, among other things. Later, sociologists themselves began to use cameras in their studies and teaching. One way of using a camera for these purposes is simply to record observations of certain places and people’s behaviour. These video recordings are subsequently analysed, applying various methods developed in the field of sociology and other sciences. Another technique, well-suited for exploring urban space, is a mobile camera, used for example for video tours, as introduced by Sarah Pink. And, finally, sociological film focusing on the city plays a vital role in social research.
Cinema for children in Poland – a bastard child of popular culture, an element of cultural education
Authors: Franckiewicz-Olczak Izabela
Published: December 2020

In the mid-1950s, film sealed its place in the world of art with the voice of essentialist theories. At the same time, it did not give up its status as mass entertainment, which it had acquired at the beginning of cinematography’s development. Over the years, it has also developed its position as an educational medium, and its importance and impact on culture created the need for film studies. And although knowledge of film and cinematography is being introduced to school curricula, not only in Poland, the negative view that film is purely for entertainment purposes still prevails. Focusing on the subject outlined, the article refers to the results of research on film knowledge among children and young people, and on the cultural choices (using data on film choices) of parents and caregivers, to analyze the place and role of film in children’s and young people’s development.
Film and cinema as a subject of sociological study. Between tradition and the present
Authors: Wejbert-Wąsiewicz Ewelina
Published: December 2020

Relations between sociology and cinema span over a hundred years. The author’s task is to reflect on this fact and, as a result, to present her own theoretical and methodological concept. Constructive framing is done in a historical perspective supplemented with methodological reflections using a variety of existing materials, scientific publications (library query) and the author’s own analyses. The basic research question concerns the state of the subdiscipline: what methodological, empirical and theoretical proposals have been developed; to what extent are they currently up to date or cultivated by scholars? A look at the broad heritage of the sociology of film and cinema allows us to see the gaps to be filled in in the area of empiricism and theory. This article does not address the reasons for this state of affairs in great detail, but merely indicates that an in-depth study of relationships and embedding data in the light of Bruno Latour’s actor-network theory or Pierre Bourdieu’s field concept could shed light on the issue from a different angle, in this case – the scope of the sociology of knowledge. One of the conclusions is that the sociology of film has a faint presence in the field of the sociology of art. The author tries to revive the old postulates of the Polish sociologists of culture and film (including A. Kłoskowska, C. Prasek, K. Żygulski), drawing theoretical inspiration from the philosophy of Ernst Cassirer and also using experience from her own research. What emerges as a result is a research model proposal (along with a research tool) in the field of the sociology of film/cinema, aimed at the cognition and comparison of images of reality.
Clinical cases of myocardial infarction in pregnant women: the role of hereditary thrombophilia
Authors: Mravyan S. R. , Kovalenko T. S. , Shuginin I. O. , Budykina T. S. , Fedorova S. I.
Published: December 2020

Acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy is a threatening complication with high maternal and perinatal mortality. According to the literature, hereditary thrombophilia is commonly associated with obstetric disorders and susceptibility to venous thrombosis, whereas arterial part of the vasculature, including coronary, is rarely involved. The article describes two clinical cases of pregnant women with acute myocardial infarction and post-infarction cardiosclerosis, in whom hereditary thrombophilia, associated with the gene PAI-1-675 polymorphism, was diagnosed. Mothers of both patients had suffered myocardial infarction at a young age, while past history of only one pregnant woman was remarkable for multiple perinatal losses. Myocardial infarction may manifest with intense headache mirroring systemic angiospasm.

Based on the clinical observations of acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy, one could conclude that measurements of troponin levels that might be false negative should be done repeatedly, while the signs of transmural myocardial injury at ECG can evolve into those of an intramural myocardial infarction. Miscarriage and fetoplacental insufficiency have been found in the patients with combination of hereditary thrombophilia and myocardial injury. Coronary artery damage in pregnant women can be the result of hereditary thrombophilia, most often associated with the PAI-1-675 gene polymorphism, as well as its combination with the heterozygous state of other genes.

The absence of past perinatal losses and venous thromboembolism in pregnant women with myocardial infarction does not exclude hereditary thrombophilia, and additional work-up of the patient and the proband family is mandatory to exclude the underlying pathology. The course of myocardial infarction may not require an intracoronary intervention, and treatment may consist of non-fractionated or low molecular weight heparin and calcium antagonists.
CHAMADA PÚBLICA n. 07/2020 - Dossiê: As relações nação-região e os espaços de fronteira no processo de institucionalização das ciências e da saúde no Brasil
Authors: Coe Agostinho Júnior Holanda , Vieira Tamara Rangel
Published: December 2020

A Revista Outros Tempos, do Curso de História da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), torna pública a chamada de nº 07/2020, para seleção de Artigos, Resenhas e Estudo de Caso, que irão compor o volume 17, número 30, 2020.2, para o dossiê temático: ”As relações nação-região e os espaços de fronteira no processo de institucionalização das ciências e da saúde no Brasil”, sob organização de:Dr. Agostinho Júnior Holanda Coe (UFPI ”“ CSHNB)Dra. Tamara Rangel Vieira (COC-FIOCRUZ).
[ARTIGO TRADUZIDO] ”THE BRAá‡OS ABERTOS PROGRAM” AND DRUGS POLITICS AT THE CONTROL SOCIETY”: a historical-anthropological dialogue.
Authors: BRANDáƒO BEATRIZ , CARVALHO JONATAS
Published: December 2020

Abstract:  The purpose of this article is to comprehend some of the directions taken in the context of drug policy within a control society, presenting and problematizing these two concepts. For that, a political program was analyzed that is distinct from the current definitions and practices found until now. The program to be analyzed is the ”Programa de Braços Abertos (DBA)”, which was implemented under the management of Fernando Haddad, between 2014 and 2016, in the region of ”Cracolá¢ndia”, in São Paulo. This region is recognized by the political interventions with the hygienist and compulsory practices that go against individual freedoms.  In order to understand the new vision and action brought by the DBA against a historical repetition of managements and operations, there was a reflection on biopolitics, the work of pastoral programs and the place of DBA within the set of drug device technologies. At this point, another objective developed was to stablish the new ordinances of treatment models, such as Harm Reduction and Therapeutic Communities.  Keywords:  Drug Policy.  Pastoral Programs.  Harm Reduction.  Therapeutic Communities.  Cracolá¢ndia. De Braços Abertos.
Hematological indicators for lung damage caused by COVID-19 infection
Authors: Borodulina E. A. , Vasneva Zh. P. , Borodulin B. E. , Vdoushkina E. S. , Povalyaeva L. V. , Mateesku K. A.
Published: December 2020

During the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection one of the most serious complications is pneumonia. When entering a specialized pulmonology Department, the presence of pneumonia is confirmed by computed tomography (CT), the etiology is confirmed by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR, the article analyzes the indicators of blood analysis when patients are admitted to the hospital. All admitted patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 of the study - with a new coronavirus infection Covid-19, confirmed by the detection of PCR-RNA SARS-CoV-2 (n=27). Group 2 consisted of 65 patients (70.7%) with lung tissue damage characteristic of Covid-19 according to CT, who had a negative analysis of PCR-RNA SARS-CoV-2. Statistically significant deviations were shown in a decrease in the percentage and absolute content of lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets, and an increase in neutrophils. The comparative analysis in the groups with positive and negative PCR analysis for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA showed no statistically significant differences. It can be assumed that with the similarity of clinical manifestations and CT-data, a negative result of PCR-RNA SARS-CoV-2 can be diagnosed as «lung damage caused by COVID-19 infection».
Immunochromatographic test for differentiation detection of IgM
and IgG to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Akinshina Yulia Aleksandrovna , Mardanly S. S. , Kiseleva V. A.
Published: December 2020

The study presents the results of the creation and evaluation of the diagnostic characteristics of the rapid immunochromatographic test for the qualitative detection and differentiation of IgM/IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human serum, plasma, and whole blood “ИХА-COVID-19-IgM / IgG”. Have been tested some samples without antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and a samples with two and one type of specific antibodies. The coincidence of the results of immunochromatographic analysis with the results of the immunochemiluminescent method was 87.2%. Test kit can be use as the rapid diagnostic test in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess the immune status of convalescents.
Peculiarities of the mouth and colum in the youth of annous age with arterial hypertension and metabolic disorders
Authors: Chervinets V. M. , Chervinets Yu. V. , Kravchuk Elina Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the work is to determine the species, quantitative composition and frequency of occurrence of microorganisms in the oral fluid and large intestine in healthy young men and having arterial hypertension, and metabolic disorders. A survey was conducted of 51 young students studying at Tver State Medical University. It was found that more than 70% of students with AH (arterial hypertension) and MBN (metabolic disorders) showed pronounced dysbiotic disorders of the intestinal microbiota of II and III degree with a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Peptococcus spp. and an increase in the number and frequency of occurrence of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium spp., S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The intestinal microbiocenosis of students with AH and MS is characterized by a decrease in the number and frequency of occurrence of Lactobacillus spp. However, with MS, the prevalence (frequency) and quantity increase Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, and in hypertension - Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria, Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus spp.
Indication Q fever pathogen in the south of Far east
Authors: Lubova V. A. , Leonova G. N. , Shutikova A. L. , Bondarenko E. I.
Published: December 2020

Q fever (coxiellosis) is a widespread natural focal disease in the world. The causative agent of coxiellosis is the gram-negative bacterium Coxiella burnetii, which is highly contagious and low virulence. The main carriers of C. burnetii are ixodid ticks, which feed on domestic and farm animals in anthropurgic foci. To address the possible circulation of the Q fever pathogen in the territory of the Primorsky Territory, 334 samples of various natural material collected in the spring-summer period of 2019 were studied. In the vicinity of the Vladivostok (on Reineke island), genetic markers of C. burnetii were detected in 19.7% of all tick species. In the Khankaisk region, coxiella DNA was detected more often (in 6.3%) in ticks of D. silvarum, in ticks of I. persulcatus and H. japonica, 1 case was detected. From 56 copies. ixodid ticks sucked to humans, C. burnetii DNA was detected in ticks of I. persulcatus in 38.8%, H. concinna - in 14.3%. In the serum of farm animals, the presence of coxiella in sheep in 3 samples was detected, in horses - in two. Sequencing of the obtained sequences showed the presence of the pathogen C. burnetii in the blood serum of animals. The ticks have stuck to people in 6 samples were identified C. burnetii and 6 samples - Coxiella-like endosymbiont. The presented results indicate the circulation of the causative agent of Q fever in the territory of the Primorsky Territory. To obtain a more complete description of the current epidemiological situation, it is necessary to conduct more extensive studies of natural material and blood of people with suspected Q fever.
Modern state of irrigated soils at the south of the Volga upland
Authors: Zinchenko E. V. , Gorokhova I. N. , Kruglyakova N. G. , Khitrov N. B.
Published: December 2020

The goal is to assess the impact of 50-year irrigation by sprinkling on soil processes occurring in the light-chestnut soils (Luvic Kastanozem (Loamic, Aric, Protosodic, Bathysalic)) of the southern slopes of the Volga upland at the Volga-Don interfluve (FSUE “Oroshaemoe”, the Volgograd region) with deep ground water. Water for irrigation is supplied from the Varvarovsky reservoir of the Volga-Don Canal system. It is characterized by a total dissolved salts of about 1 g/l, a bicarbonate-chloride-sulfate compositionwith an increased sodium content. Detailed morphological description of soil profiles, granulometric composition, content of soluble salts in soils and sediments of the vadoze zone up to the depth of 3.5 m, dynamics of salts in the layer of 0-50 cm for 2011-2019 are presented. Until the autumn of 2015, the studied soils were deep saline, being no saline in the layer of 0-100 cm. In recent years, a weak salinity degree of soda-chloride sodium chemistry has been observed in the 0-50 cm layer as a result of gradual accumulation of irrigation water salts during irrigation organized according to water consumption of agricultural crops. Irrigated soils have acquired a complex of signs of secondary salinity: (1) the presence of light accumulations of sandy and silt mineral grains in the arable horizon, resulting from the destructive effect of irrigation water drops during sprinkling; (2) toxic alkalinity associated with sodium (residual sodium carbonate), according to water extraction 1 : 5 (soil : water), in the horizons from the depth of 10-20 to 60100 cm; (3) abundant humus-clay cutans on the lateral side faces of prismatic structural units in the undisturbed part of the soil profile from 30 to 100 cm.
Modelo de referencia para la mejora de procesos identificados a partir del análisis de la experiencia del cliente con herramientas de Design Thinking en MYPES
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Ceron Palacios Brany Cesar , Yucra Gutierrez Brenda Belen
Published: December 2020

En la actualidad, micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas de países miembros de OCDE (Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico) y Latinoamérica aportan entre el 60% y 70% de empleos, siendo las microempresas las principales proveedoras en Latinoamérica, llegando al 90% de creación de empleos en países como Colombia, Ecuador y México demostrando así su importancia. Sin embargo, este sector presenta una serie de problemas que impiden su crecimiento, como la falta de conocimientos en tecnologías de información y deficiente rigidez organizacional. En Perú, según la Asociación de Emprendedores, las MYPES aportan aproximadamente un 40% del producto bruto interno y emplean alrededor del 60% de la población económicamente activa. No obstante, según la Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), solo el 6.6% sobrepasan los 3,5 años de vida. Una de las causas, su falta de interés por adquirir conocimientos de gestión de recursos, debido a que solo el 19% asiste a capacitaciones sobre gestión empresarial; mientras que, según estudios realizados a distintas empresas, el 84% de los clientes se siente ignorado, convirtiéndose así en otra amenaza contra su vida útil. Como propuesta de solución, existen herramientas de Design Thinking enfocadas en identificar todas las interacciones que tienen los clientes con las organizaciones, con el fin de realizar mejoras en sus procesos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo definir una guía práctica que utilice estas herramientas para establecer el paso a paso que una MYPE debe seguir para conocer cómo el consumidor interactúa con la organización y el rediseño del servicio que lo soporta.
Método Ágil y Sostenible para implementar 6S en MYPES peruanas de confección textil
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Sánchez Lezama Karla Franshesca , Quea Saravia Sandra Camila
Published: December 2020

El problema que se describe en la presenta tesis es la alta generación de desperdicios en el proceso de confección de prendas de vestir en las MYPES peruanas. El sector de la confección textil genera el 1.9 % del PBI total y es el responsable de generar puestos de trabajo de más de 400 mil puestos directos y 2,8 millones de manera indirecta. Considerando la importancia que representa este sector para el desarrollo económico del Perú, se requiere fortalecer el desempeño de este sector a través de nuevos modelos o métodos que ayuden a confrontar el problema de la alta generación de desperdicios que presenta las MYPES peruanas. Por ello, se realizó una revisión de literatura para identificar diversos modelos que den solución al problema. Entre las investigaciones realizadas se encontró estudios en donde se implementa el Value Stream Mapping, Lean manufacturing, redutex y Programación lineal. Estos modelos han proporcionado mejoras al problema; sin embargo, no han considerado variables particulares que presentan las MYPES peruanas en la actualidad, tales como la gestión del cambio, deficiencias económicas, tecnológicas y factores negativos que influyen en su implementación. Por todo lo anteriormente expuesto, en la presente tesis se propone un método ágil y sostenible que contribuya a reducir los desperdicios de producción en MYPES textiles dedicadas a la confección de prendas de vestir. Este método consta de 4 etapas: crear conciencia y cultura de NO desperdicios, implementación de las 6S, mantener el cambio y mejora continua. Cada etapa se compone de conocimientos extraídos de la revisión de la literatura, el cual consiste en la aplicación de varias herramientas en conjunto como gestión del cambio, 6S, gestión visual y W-AMEF. La aplicación del método se desarrolló en una MYPE de confección peruana, la cual está compuesto por 8 colaboradores. Esta aplicación tuvo un tiempo de duración de 3 meses y los resultados registrados fueron la reducción del 52.13 % de la generación de mermas y el 54.88 % en la generación de lotes reprocesados; asimismo, la productividad laboral pasó de ser de 4.2 p/H a 4.8 polos por hora.
Solución para el control y seguimiento del proceso de gestación de mujeres utilizando dispositivos wearables
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Benites Camacho Jan Pierre
Published: December 2020

El propósito del presente proyecto consiste en la estructuración de una solución para el control y seguimiento del proceso de gestación en mujeres utilizando dispositivos wearables enfocado a un modelo de negocio, con la finalidad de evitar el desarrollo de enfermedades prevenibles relacionadas al embarazo mediante alertas generadas a partir de irregularidades de los signos vitales de la mujer gestante, las cuales son enviadas al personal médico para su evaluación e intervención. El proyecto consta del modelo, arquitectura lógica, física y estudio de mercado generados a partir del desarrollo de la solución planteada, enfocados al análisis de los datos fuera del entorno médico mediante el monitoreo pasivo considerando aspectos médicos, tecnológicos y legales que garanticen la seguridad e integridad del paciente.
Cooking at Sea. Different forms of labor in the era of the Second Slavery
Authors:   Department of History, University of Bern, Switzerland, Teubner Melina
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with various forms of labor in the 19th century. Although Brazil officially banned the slave trade, the first half of the 19th century did no t bring a decline of this business. Rather, until at least 1851, large numbers of slaves were brought to Brazil. The structure of the slave trade was based on the labor needed to carry out the abduction of several million people. Slave ship cooks were resp onsible for feeding the people during their voyages, thus contributing to the infrastructure and reproduction of the slave trade. By using a micro - historical approach to examine the example of slave ship cooks, different forms of forced labor can be shown
Labor conflict and regional configuration of employment in Mendoza. A proposal for its interpretation (2011 - 2019)
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Argentina, Collado Patricia Alejandra ,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Argentina, Ramírez María Carolina ,   Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Argentina,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Argentina
Published: December 2020

We inquire about the situation of male and female workers in Mendoza between 2011 and 2019 from two approaches. The first one describes the most dynamic sectors of economy and characterizes workers’ general situation. The second one systematizes labor conflict in the province. Both approaches are supported by statistical sources (primary and secondary). Our interest is to interpret labor conflict in relation to the regional configuration of employment, taking into consideration the limits or possibilities that it imposes on the labor force to express demands or make them visible
Local regulations for land use in two communities in northern Santiago del Estero
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Argentina, Langbehn Lorenzo ,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Argentina
Published: December 2020

In this paper I describe the local land use regulations in two peasant communities in northern Santiago del Estero (Argentina) and discuss their implications for forest policies. Based on data collected in the context of technical assistance work for the national program Bosques Nativos y Comunidad (Native Forests and Communites) I begin by describing the local norms of land use in both communities, an under studied topic in the literature. I also discuss how the norms and technical proposals regarding the use of forests in Argentina are inappropriate for these actors, who remain, thus, illegal.
Biopolityczne horyzonty — między biopolityką tradycyjną a biopolityką nowoczesną
Authors: Gregorczuk Karol
Published: December 2020

Przedmiotem rozważań jest analiza podstawowych koncepcji biopolityki funkcjonujących we współczesnym dyskursie, kwestii krzyżowania dwóch wariantów biopolityczności, czyli biopoli-tyki tradycyjnej oraz biopolityki nowoczesnej, jak również próba odnalezienia właściwych ich prze-jawów w szeroko rozumianej działalności społecznej. W ogólnym ujęciu biopolityka oznacza formę zarządzania przez ośrodki władzy procesami życia biologicznego przy ustaleniu normatywnych kryteriów życia i śmierci. Przegląd dostępnej literatury pokazuje, że tematyka ta doczekała się dość szerokich rozważań teoretycznych (na przykład M. Foucaulta, G. Agambena). Podejmując się re-fleksji badawczej zagadnienia biopolityki, chciałbym przyjąć wielowymiarową optykę obejmującą globalne procesy ekonomiczne, kulturowe i polityczne, kładąc szczególny nacisk na płaszczyznę normatywną wskazanych procesów.
Polityczny charakter wyboru sędziów Trybunału Konstytucyjnego a ich decyzje o złożeniu votum separatum w okresie 2016–2019
Authors: Wojciechowski Maciej
Published: December 2020

Przedmiotem badania, którego wyniki przedstawia niniejszy artykuł, jest praktyka składa-nia zdań odrębnych w Trybunale Konstytucyjnym w okresie 2016–2019. Jego celem była próba do-precyzowania, a następnie empirycznej weryfikacji tezy, w myśl której zgłoszenie kandydatury na sędziego TK przez ugrupowanie polityczne zasiadające w parlamencie przekłada się na ewentualne decyzje o złożeniu zdania odrębnego. Teza ta w literaturze została określona skrótowo jako „wierność za wybór”. Metoda, którą wykorzystano w artykule, opiera się na zbudowaniu schematów mogących być wskaźnikiem tego rodzaju sytuacji z uwzględnieniem specyfiki polskiego sądu konstytucyjnego, a następnie zestawieniu liczbowym sytuacji spełniających wskazane w nich kryteria. Skonstruowane modele znalazły znikome ilościowe potwierdzenie. Przyczyn można upatrywać w nieadekwatności samych modeli oraz charakterze napięć, jakie we wskazanym okresie powstały wokół Trybunału oraz w samym Trybunale. Czynnik merytoryczny w postaci ustanowienia danego przedmiotu kontroli przez określone ugrupowanie nie miał w analizowanym okresie znaczenia dla decyzji o votum separatum. To kontekst wyznacza polityczną charakterystykę rozpoznawanej sprawy oraz każe rozpoznawać w takich kategoriach ewentualne decyzje sędziów TK o złożeniu zdania odrębnego.
O rozstrzyganiu wątpliwości faktycznych na korzyść strony w art. 81a k.p.a.
Authors: Gregorczyk Dawid
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie pewnych praktycznych i teoretycznych problemów wią-żących się ze stosowaniem reguły rozstrzygania wątpliwości faktycznych na korzyść strony w po-stępowaniu administracyjnym. Analizie poddano pozytywne i negatywne przesłanki zastosowania tej reguły, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pozostających i niedających się usunąć wątpliwości. Rozważania podjęto z perspektywy podobnej reguły tyczącej się wątpliwości prawnych (art. 7a k.p.a.) oraz zasady in dubio pro reo z art. 5 § 2 k.p.k., odnosząc się przy tym do dorobku doktryny procesowej i teoretycznej, a także do orzecznictwa sądów administracyjnych i karnych. W zakoń-czeniu podjęto próbę oceny reguły z art. 81a k.p.a.
Przeprowadzenie postępowania dowodowego podczas usprawiedliwionej nieobecności oskarżonego lub jego obrońcy na rozprawie
Authors: Żbikowska Małgorzata
Published: December 2020

Przedmiotem opracowania jest analiza treści art. 378a k.p.k., dodanego do kodeksu po-stępowania karnego 5 października 2019 roku na mocy ustawy z dnia 19 lipca 2019 roku o zmianie ustawy — Kodeks postępowania karnego oraz niektórych innych ustawy. Wskazany przepis praw-ny umożliwia przeprowadzanie postępowania dowodowego podczas nieobecności oskarżonego lub jego obrońcy nawet wówczas, gdy usprawiedliwili oni należycie swoje niestawiennictwo. Autorka podejmuje rozważania nad zasadnością wprowadzenia do ustawy karnoprocesowej art. 378a k.p.k., zastanawia się także nad prawidłowością jego konstrukcji i spójnością z innymi przepisami kodeksu postępowania karnego. W konsekwencji swoich przemyśleń znajduje wiele wad wskazanej regulacji prawnej oraz, odwołując się do wykładni systemowej i funkcjonalnej, podejmuje próbę złagodzenia negatywnych skutków wprowadzenia do polskiego systemu prawnego możliwości przeprowadze-nia postępowania dowodowego podczas należycie usprawiedliwionej nieobecności oskarżonego lub jego obrońcy na rozprawie.
Analiza wprowadzania najnowszych zmian w niemieckim prawie transplantacyjnym — polityczne aspekty decyzji sumienia
Authors: Łaszewska-Hellriegel Martyna
Published: December 2020

Prawo jest uwikłane w politykę i jego kształt w znacznej mierze zależy nie tylko od ist-niejących potrzeb regulacji, lecz także od tego, jaką wizję wartości reprezentuje sprawujący władzę prawotwórczą parlament. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia niedawną sytuację w polityce zdrowotnej Niemiec, gdzie poprzez zmianę zbioru norm ustawy transplantacyjnej zaproponowano zmianę całe-go sytemu postrzegania ludzkiego ciała. Co ciekawe, w tym wypadku projekt wprowadzający nowe prawo nie jest projektem koalicji rządzącej — mamy tu do czynienia z konkurencyjnymi projektami międzypartyjnymi. Gdy projekty ustawy proponują zmianę aksjologii norm prawnych zależną od sumienia, polityczność prawa przybiera inną od przeciętnej formę lub zupełnie znika. W tym tek-ście zostaną przedstawione polityczne aspekty projektu nowego prawa transplantacyjnego. Artykuł skupia się przede wszystkim na aspekcie dynamicznym polityczności prawa, czyli na procesie le-gislacyjnym i udziale w nim ekspertów, ale również na aspekcie epistemologicznym — jaki rodzaj i zakres materiałów badawczych został wykorzystany w procesie upolitycznienia prawa.
Legislatorzy w pułapce polityczności
Authors: Kłodawski Maciej
Published: December 2020

W artykule dokonano analizy statusu i roli legislatorów przez pryzmat zaczerpniętej od Chantal Mouffe kategorii polityczności. Punktem szczególnego zainteresowania w przeprowadzonym wywodzie uczyniono relację między legislatorami a prawodawcą, wpływ polityczności na pozycję i możliwe działania legislatorów w procesie legislacyjnym oraz zdolność legislatorów do opierania się siłom polityczności występującym w całym procesie prawodawczym. Polski system tworzenia pra-wa wykorzystano w pracy jako przykład ukazujący, które czynniki i okoliczności, mające podłoże polityczne, pociągają za sobą konstrukcję tak zwanej pułapki polityczności dla legislatorów. Główną tezą przedstawioną w artykule jest stwierdzenie, że podatność legislatorów na wpływ sił polityczności pozostaje poza ich kontrolą, w przeciwieństwie do reprezentantów prawodawcy, mimo że legislatorzy także są uczestnikami wielu etapów tworzenia prawa.
Przedsiębiorczość społeczna na gruncie polskim. Wielowymiarowy potencjał modelu
Authors: Stępczak Edyta
Published: December 2020

The article provides an analysis of the differences in understanding the term “social entrepreneurship” in Poland and abroad. It argues that the lack of a sharp definition of this term, a clear distinction of it from other entities within the frame of social economy, and its separate legal form recognised in the country’s law, are limiting factors to a development of this type of activity. They prevent the representatives of different sectors from involvement in social entrepreneurship and as a result from benefitting from it. This article displays the avenues of a possible collaboration between social enterprises and other stakeholders. It offers recommendations to investors, philanthropists and corporations, as well as lawmakers to remove the formal and legal obstacles so that this model can thrive in Poland like it does in other countries.
Trzy ujęcia polaryzacji politycznej
Authors: Wielgosz Łukasz
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to organize the conceptual chaos around issues related to the phenomenon of political polarization. After reviewing Polish and English literature, one gets the impression that there are several approaches to this category. The most popular definition proposed by Giovanni Sartori turns out to be just one of the concepts. American political scientists define political polarization differently. Researchers interested in Polish and Hungarian party systems also define political polarization differently. Each of the political polarization approaches is based on different criteria, which means that there are different ways to measure this phenomenon.
Komunikowanie delegowania społecznego poparcia jako forma pozyskania przychylności elektoratu
Authors: Krawczyk Dariusz
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the paper is to analyze communication activities aimed at providing support in the local elections to the candidate indicated by the outgoing mayor or commune head. Due to the introduction of the limit of two terms for executive authorities of communes in 2018, the discussed phenomenon of transferring the gathered capital of social trust will probably be included in the election campaign scenario. On the basis of empirical research, image activity aimed at delegating the support was presented and threats to the process were identified.