bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATED INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL
Authors: Musaev Mukhammadjon , Rakhmatullaev Marat , Normatov Sherbek , Shukurov Kamoliddin , Abdullaeva Malika
Published: July 2024

The relevance of creating information systems using artificial intelligence methods and tools is dictated by the following reasons: The volume of scientific and educational information is growing; Traditional information retrieval methods have exhausted themselves. Using only deterministic and iteration methods, rigid algorithms don't give the expected results. They require more time to process information and more memory. Significant progress in recent years in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) methods and systems gives hope that their use will significantly reduce the time needed to search for data for scientific research and educational activities. The aim of the research results presented in the article is to increase the efficiency for scientific and educational information retrieval based on the use of AI methods implemented in the integrated intelligent information system “SMART TUIT". The article presents the results of theoretical and applied research obtained by several departments of the Tashkent University of Information Technology (TUIT) in solving the following tasks: Voice recognition for subsequent processing; Pattern recognition in order to identify the users of information;  Search and processing of scientific and educational resources in electronic libraries; Analysis of information needs of users depending on the level of competence and type of activity; Evaluation of scientific and educational information to identify the most important data sources; Geoinformation system to solve the problems of the location of the information source. Initially, each research area in the departments was aimed at solving a certain class of problems related to medicine, linguistics, electronic libraries, corporate networks, information security systems, etc. The TUIT creative group decided to combine efforts to apply the results obtained to solve the important problem of intellectualizing the search for sources of scientific and educational information among a large amount of data.
PROS AND CONS OF USING ALGORITHMIC MANAGEMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCE
Authors: Angelova Miglena
Published: July 2024

The opportunities that Artificial Intelligence and the principles of Algorithmic management provide to modern managers bring undeniable advantages for the development of a competitive business in today's extremely difficult business environment. At the same time, however, the effect of their use should be carefully analysed from the point of view of the compliance of the employees opinion in the enterprise - mainly in line with the observance and guarantee of basic rights of the employees. In this regard, the European Parliament and the European Council launched a legislative initiative to define harmonized rules within the Community on the use of artificial intelligence. Concepts such as "algorithmic discrimination" were introduced quite purposefully at the regulation level, given the risk of possible abuses associated with the use of AI. This report aims to ascertain the views of employers and employees on the use of artificial intelligence in Human Resource Management. The report presents and analyses data from an empirical study conducted among managers and employees in leading ICT enterprises in Bulgaria. According to our responders, one of the biggest advantages of using AI in Human Resources Management is related to the elimination of subjectivity in performance evaluation and the possibility of fair play in the procedures of internal selection of employees. At the same time, employees with more experience (over 10 years) are more sceptical of the idea of their work performance being evaluated solely by AI, while younger workers show more trust in AI solutions. However, both managers and workers recognize that it is best for the final decision in determining career development to be made by a person, but justified by the analyses made by AI. The report draws conclusions and recommendations that can serve both researchers and business managers. Certainly, AI is yet to undergo a very large development and application, including in the Human Resource Management, but at the same time it should not be at the expense of affected rights.
ANALYSIS OF VIRTUAL TOURISM OPPORTUNITIES IN KLAIPĖDA, LITHUANIA
Authors: Čuladytė Akvelina , Batuchina Aleksandra
Published: July 2024

In the current article the possibilities of virtual tourism in the city of Klaipėda are analysed. Over the past few decades, digital technology has helped the travel and tourism industry increase its reach. As the world faces the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual tourism has become relevant when the pandemic has made it more difficult to travel in real life. Therefore, it is important to determine whether the prospect of virtual tourism is visible in the city of Klaipėda, and to determine the possibilities of virtual tourism in the city of Klaipėda. The article reviews the concept of virtual tourism and virtual tourism technologies, analyses the idea of virtual tourism products, identifies the classification of virtual tourism products. The trends of virtual tourism in the world and in Lithuania are reviewed. The analysis is based on  a detailed analysis of scientific literature, journalistic articles and statistical data. A total of 137 publications were analyzed. Presenting virtual tourism products in Lithuania and the city of Klaipėda. The possibilities of virtual tourism and virtual tourism products of the city of Klaipėda are determined. Such results can be used as a positive role model of the small city virtual tourism attraction and system creation.
ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE INTELLIGENT SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Kerimov Komil , Azizova Zarina , Bekkamov Fayzi , Rakhimov Mekhriddin , Ochilov Mannon
Published: July 2024

Scientific and scientific-technical information is a valuable tool for the development of education, technology and society as a whole.  The increase in the volume of information and the development of information networks of data exchange requires special means to ensure information protection of data. Methods, means and systems for information security of scientific, technical and scientific-educational resources in intellectual information systems are of particular importance. The purpose of the research is to develop methods and software tools to ensure information security of valuable scientific and technical information resources in intelligent information systems. The proposed solution for intrusion detection in intelligent system is a web application firewall, which is used for enhanced security, detecting and preventing attacks before they reach the web application. It will protect the system from a whole range of attacks while allowing HTTP traffic monitoring and analyzing small changes or persistent state online. The Web Application Firewall (WAF) has the following features: logging of all HTTP protocol transactions, including request termination permissions and logging of the response; HTTP traffic can be examined in real time to detect attacks; preventing attacks before they reach the web application. This work is performed within the framework of the project on creation of an integrated intelligent system “SMART TUIT”, which includes several subsystems (Information Retrieval, Voice Recognition, Pattern Recognition, Scientific Information Assessment, Geoinformation System).
METHODOLOGY OF INFORMATION SECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRONIC RESOURCES UNDER UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS THREATS
Authors: Kerimov Komil , Azizova Zarina
Published: July 2024

The article proposes a methodology for assessing the risk of information security of a computer network based on the results of the analysis of vulnerability attributes and protection attributes of information system elements, as well as security attributes of information system elements. According to the results of the research the space of information protection signs is formed. The results of the analysis of possible variants of threats of unauthorized access to electronic resources of the computer network, as well as solutions to reduce the risks of information security are given. Quantitative indicators of the results of the application of the proposed methodology to assess the risk of threats of unauthorized access to electronic resources of the computer network confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, which can be used to improve the level of protection of electronic resources in organizations.
EXPLORING THE EFFICACY OF ONLINE PROCTORING IN ONLINE EXAMINATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Kuleva Milena , Miladinov Ognyan
Published: July 2024

With the rapid growth of online education, ensuring academic integrity in online examinations has become a significant concern. Online proctoring has emerged as a solution to monitor students remotely during exams, aiming to deter cheating and maintain assessment credibility. This scientific article thoroughly reviews the literature to investigate the effectiveness, challenges, and implications of using online proctoring in online examination settings. A systematic review was conducted by searching electronic databases, including popular scientific databases such as Web of Science, Ebsco, Scopus, and Google Scholar, for relevant articles published between 2018 and 2023. Keywords such as "online proctoring ", "remote invigilation ", "academic integrity "and "online examination "were used to identify pertinent studies. Various research designs, including experimental studies, case analyses, and qualitative assessments, were considered to capture diverse perspectives. The review synthesized findings from existing literature to elucidate the multifaceted aspects of online proctoring in online examinations. Studies highlighted the potential of online proctoring to mitigate cheating behaviors through real-time monitoring, identity verification, and surveillance mechanisms. Proponents of online proctoring argue that it offers a scalable solution to uphold academic standards in online learning environments. Furthermore, some research indicated that students perceive online proctoring as a fair method to ensure equal treatment and transparency during assessments. However, challenges such as privacy concerns, technological issues, and the potential for bias in proctoring algorithms were identified as significant drawbacks. Additionally, the implementation of online proctoring may exacerbate disparities in access to resources and exacerbate test anxiety among students. In conclusion, integrating online proctoring in online examinations presents opportunities and challenges for academic institutions. While online proctoring offers a means to enhance exam security and maintain academic integrity in remote learning environments, its implementation requires careful consideration of ethical, technical, and pedagogical implications. Adopting online proctoring should be balanced with the need to uphold academic standards while ensuring equitable access and promoting student well-being in online education.
FEATURES OF SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS E-LEARNING ON THE EXAMPLE OF TEACHING THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF SOCIAL INCLUSION
Authors: Khilya Anna , Kolosova Olena , Kronivets Tatyana , Sarancha Iryna
Published: July 2024

The research focusing on synchronous and asynchronous learning is often reduced to a psychological assessment of the learner. The learner's motivation will determine the success of the learning process. The quality of perception and understanding of the educational content offered will depend on their experience. Familiarity with the research of the international community and European practices allowed us to select interesting content and diversify the module "Social integration of children with special needs in an environment of diversity and inclusion: European approaches" (SEEDUE4UA-101085267), as well as supplement the content of related disciplines. However, we paid most attention to the issue of synchronous and asynchronous format of the online educational process. We had to implement this aspect of interaction with students due to the consequences of military aggression in Ukraine. And for the convenience of both students and teachers, we created a flexible package of educational content that allowed us to engage young people through the use of video materials, individual and group projects, and quickly change the form of the online classroom (when the lesson began in the synchronous mode of group interaction, and after 20-30 minutes we had to interact with students asynchronously due to the danger to the life and health of the participants in the educational process). The biggest challenge in the flexible format for our team was the development of emotional intelligence, that is, the ability of students to assess the situation in an inclusive educational environment, conduct supervision, lead a discussion, etc. Among the challenges, we also considered the issue of implementing sections of changes in students' attitudes and perceptions of information as a result of mostly asynchronous interaction. That is why, in the course of this scientific review, we analysed the forms of interactive interaction we selected, described some of the programmes that were used and involved students with appropriate reflection with elements of simulation games, etc. We also drew an analogy with certain topics studied by full-time students in the traditional offline mode of interaction. This allowed us to draw conclusions about the need to adjust certain elements of the programme for all forms of the educational process based on the results of reflection on certain elements of emotional intelligence development within the framework of simulations of physiological and social skills. As we noted earlier, this analysis allowed us to revise the amount of material and the format of its presentation for better mastering the module issues, as well as to develop a universal toolkit that can be flexibly used in the process of mastering information on social inclusion and European experience in synchronous and asynchronous formats of both project implementation and teaching of relevant disciplines.
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF USING ELECTRONIC INFORMATION RESOURCES AT UNIVERSITIES IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Pazilova Nargiza
Published: July 2024

The relevance of studying the needs of users of global information resources in scientific and educational institutions of Uzbekistan, access to which is provided as part of a National subscription, is due to several factors: despite the expansion of access to electronic databases of leading foreign publishers and aggregators and an increase in the number of universities in the republic, statistics on the use of these resources leaves much to be desired, the passive work of library staff to promote information resources in universities and research centers, the lack of interaction of information resource centers with departments for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel and academic work, the low level of information culture of young scientists, teachers, researchers and applicants about current sources of scientific information in their organization and in public libraries of the country, the lack of knowledge and skills to work with international databases of scientific and analytical information. In order to receive feedback from users of global information resources and study their needs, a survey was conducted. Based on the analysis and generalization of the survey data, proposals are formulated to enhance the use of scientific and educational resources in universities and research centers: in each information resource center of the university and research center, select a responsible specialist for organizing trainings, master classes on working with electronic resources and their promotion, organize regular webinars on working with certified trainers databases and analytical systems in Uzbek for teachers, doctoral students, applicants and researchers.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL AGING PARAMETERS ON THE MICRO AND MACRO HARDNESS OF ALSI12CU5MGCR AND ALSI12CU5MN ALLOYS
Authors: Dochev Boyan , Dimova Desislava , Zagorski Mihail , Kasabov Plamen , Chuchulska Bozhana
Published: July 2024

Non-standard aluminium-silicon alloys of the eutectic type are complexly modified. The alloys were subjected to T6 heat treatment at different artificial aging parameters. The influence of the working parameters of the dispersion hardening process on the microhardness of the α-solid solution and the macrohardness of the alloys was investigated. The influence of alloying elements on the phase composition of the alloys is discussed.
PURPOSEFUL DIMENSIONING OF DETAILS, PROCESSED ON CNC MACHINE TOOLS
Authors: Salapateva Silviya
Published: July 2024

The choice of technologies for mechanical processing of details is closely related to the requirements toward dimensional accuracy, shape and mutual position of their surfaces, which are set by the constructor. Wrong dimensioning in many cases leads to complications and raising the cost of mechanical processing. The present paper makes a comparative analysis of different options for dimensioning a stepped shaft, machined on a CNC lathe. Recommendations for purposeful dimensioning of similar details are made based on the above-mentioned analysis.
LONGITUDINAL STABILITY OF WHEELED MOBILE ROBOTS - DEGREE OF STABILITY
Authors: Lilov Stoyan , Markova Vanya , Popov Nickolay , Shopov Ventseslav
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the research focus is on the longitudinal stability of a wheeled mobile robot, using a geometric similarity coefficient (this coefficient is defined in the paper). The research method used for calculations is D'Alembert's principle. The results represent the limit driving/braking forces and limit accelerations/ decelerations for a given geometric similarity coefficient, before the robot loses stability.
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES TO REDUCE TOTAL INACCURACY DURING BORING DEEP HOLES
Authors: Lengerov Angel , Salapateva Silviya , Levicharov Georgi
Published: July 2024

Ensuring accuracy of the shape of holes processed by boring is essential for increasing productivity and economy of the process. The great influence for ensuring the prescribed operational and quality indicators during boring is the stability of the technological system and in particular the total deformations. This determines the goal of the present development, namely reduction of elastic deformations and displacements of the elements of the technological system.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF A TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SHAFTS FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS BY ROUGHNESS STUDY
Authors: Georgiev Kliment
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a statistical analysis of the quality of a technological process by investigating the surface roughness of shafts for electric motors obtained during machining. Repeated measurements have been carried out using a portable roughness tester INSIZE ISR - C002 and the results are summarized. Statistical analysis is applied to analyse the accuracy, adjustability, and stability of technological process. The stability of the process is presented by investigating the correlation between the experimental and theoretical curve of the quality index. Accuracy evaluation is performed by calculating the accuracy coefficient. The adjustability analysis is evaluated by the relative position of the distribution curve of the obtained quality index with respect to the tolerance field.
BEHAVIOR OF SHORT FIBER COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN VARIATION OF THERMAL AND MECHANICAL LOADING
Authors: Rengasamy Kannathasan Karunamoorthy , Macanovskis Arthur , Ralla Rajeev , Gjerlow Eirik
Published: July 2024

Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is widely used as it provides good characteristics and mechanical behavior. Concretes with novel type Basalt/Epoxy composite fibers are competitive and attractive for use and investigation. The special interest is for concretes with partially replaced cement by Oil Shale Ash (OSA). In this study authors will discuss basalt and steel fiber-reinforced concrete. Concrete samples were prepared in the dimensions of 40mm x 40mm x 300 mm and treated under the oven to raise the temperatures to 1500C, 3000C, and 4500C. In the research of preparing environment-friendly concrete authors planned to use OSA as an additive replacement of cement by weight in percentage. OSA is a product of burned oil shale from thermal power plants of ESTONIA, which is added in the weight ratio of 0%, 10%, and 20% of cement. All the samples were tested by the four-point bending method and the results of samples with different ratios of OSA and different temperature gradients were compared to analyze and simulate conclusion research. The author also used image processing techniques to make a study on fiber orientation and directionality after the fabrication of concrete. Characteristics of basalt and steel fiber-reinforced concrete in different considerations and compositions were made by the author through metadata and image analysis.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE-DEFINED DOPPLER RADAR
Authors: Ivanov Ivan , Aleksandrova Karmen
Published: July 2024

The subject of this article is a study of the possibility of practical implementation of a Doppler CW radar based on software-defined radio (SDR) technology. The paper presents overview of two technologies. Initially the architecture and basic characteristics of a Doppler CW radar are described, followed by an overview of SDR concept and types and characteristics of typical constructive elements for its realization.  Finally, a practical implementation by usage of USRP front-end and the GNU Radio Framework is presented. For the successful implementation of the Doppler CW radar architecture an additional amplifier is included. The material presents the results of tests performed using the practical implementation of a Doppler CW SDR radar, demonstrating the functionality of the implementation.
TECHNICAL METHODS OF CLEANING SHIPWRECKS FROM GHOST NETS
Authors: Rijkure Astrida , Megnis Janis
Published: July 2024

Ghost nets are fishing gear lost and left in bodies of water that continue to be fished. Most of the fishing gear that is lost is made of synthetic materials that break down very slowly or not at all in nature and continue to work long after the net is lost. A ghost net drifts in the sea until it catches on an object, most often a shipwreck. This harms both nature and people's economic interests. Currently, the release of shipwrecks and other sunken objects from fragments of lost nets is mainly done by human hands, resp. divers dive to the wreck and use hand tools to free the wreck from fragments of fishing gear. There are innovative robotic systems in the world that can partially replace the work of divers.
COOLING GLOVE COMPARTMENT OF A VEHICLE BY THERMOELECTRIC COOLERS
Authors: Susantez Çiğdem , Kuşçu Hilmi , Kahveci Kamil
Published: July 2024

In this study, effects of the four different thermoelectric cooler (TEC) placements on the boundaries of the glove compartment have been numerically investigated under the effect of natural convection with Boussinesq approximation. The best cooling capacity has been observed for the top boundary TEC application for the investigated glove compartment geometry. It has also been observed that heat transfer is stronger at the beginning of the process as a result of the stronger convection currents. The absorbed heat from the glove compartment increases with the increase of the electric current applied.
LASER SURFACE MARKING ON ENGINEERING THERMOPLASTIC: POLYAMIDE
Authors: Litavnieka Anželika , Adijāns Imants
Published: July 2024

Its style sheet. Marking on polyamide is an important process because this type of material is widely used in many industrial sectors. Also, laser marking is a popular and easily automated method. But materials like polyamide have several properties, such as white color, that make laser marking a complicated process. White color has low laser absorption, so good marking results are difficult to achieve. Different types and parameters of the laser system are used for marking polyamide. To improve the marking results on polyamide, auxiliary materials are often used, which are applied to the polyamide surface. However, the most promising ranges of marking parameters without incorporating auxiliaries on the polyamide surface are still unknown. Successful marking on polyamide requires a deep study of parameters and various conditions.
MODELING THE HARDENING OF CARBON STEELS AFTER QUENCHING AND TEMPERING
Authors: Tontchev Nikolay , Teirumnieks Normunds , Yankov Emil
Published: July 2024

In the paper, after an overview and defined tasks, a methodology is applied and a model is derived for establishing the dependence of hardness on carbon content, hardness after hardening and tempering temperature after hardening for the entire range of carbon steels from structural to tool steels. The research was based on eight steels and four tempering temperatures formed in a total of 32 combinations. First, one-dimensional dependences of hardness change on carbon content were derived for each annealing temperature, then accuracy was improved with a three-control parameter model. The derived model was examined and its theoretical maximum was corrected. The difference between the theoretical and the real logical maxima amounts to 17.44%. For all specified extremes, the heat treatment modes are defined.
ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF CAVITATION CAVITY DURING THE MOVEMENT OF A MODIFIED BULLET OF 7.62X39 AMMUNITION IN A WATER ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Bankov Blagovest
Published: July 2024

The report examines the behavior of a 7.62x39 bullet in a water environment and the changes in the created cavitation cavity when the geometric and mass characteristics are altered. The studies are conducted through virtual prototypes and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analyses in a SolidWorks environment, with the density of the water around the projectile and the angle of the formed cavitation cavities being the control parameters. The results indicate that the placement of the radial slit channel in the middle of the ogive part yields the best results for the angle of the cavitation cavity, which helps reduce the friction forces on the projectile, thereby increasing its linear progression in a water environment.
IMPROVING THE LEADERSHIP, COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY’S DEFENSE
Authors: Urummov Nikolay
Published: July 2024

The article analyses the current state of the country's defence leadership, command, and control system. Based on this research, three possible directions for its optimization have been formulated. The author argues the thesis that increasing the effectiveness of the system for leadership, command, and control of the country's defence is possible through improvement of the legal framework, organizational improvement of the system and technological modernization.
METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC DOCUMENTS
Authors: Zdravkov Zarko , Atipova Anelia
Published: July 2024

The nature of the strategic documents and the mechanisms for their updating require improvement of the strategic planning apparatus. Despite the existing actions in this direction, there is still no universal state standard and mature regulatory framework to harmonize and regulate the entire process in the Republic of Bulgaria. The report summarizes efforts to create a new toolkit bringing together proven practices in the subject area. A Methodology for the evaluation of strategic documents is presented, which offers a comprehensive and systematized approach to the evaluation of conformity according to the procedure of creation, structure, consistency, content and attainability.
MOTIVATION FOR CHOOSING AN OFFICER CAREER
Authors: Grigorov Grigor
Published: July 2024

Changes in the security environment and opportunities in the modern world present increasing challenges for the armed forces of democratic states to staff their structures. The article examines the issues related to the motivation for choosing the military career of an officer. Based on a survey conducted with cadet candidates and a comparative analysis with previous research, the main variables influencing the choice of the officer profession and joining the armed forces are derived. The obtained results could contribute to the improvement of the current system for motivating military personnel and increase the image of the military profession.
SECURITY ANALYSIS OF LIGHTWEIGHT CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHMS
Authors: Dimitrova Dilyana , Dimitrov Ivaylo
Published: July 2024

The paper examines three lightweight cryptographic algorithms - SKINNY, ForkAE, and Romulus. The research focuses on evaluating their security against various cryptographic attacks. Methods used: theoretical analysis and summary. Results indicate that all three algorithms exhibit strong security properties against common cryptographic attacks. SKINNY stands out for its security even with few encryption rounds, while the presence of SKINNY as a building block in the other two ciphers - ForkAE and Romulus makes them at least as secure as SKINNY.
IMPLYING CYBERSECURITY SKILLS FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION EMPLOYEES
Authors: Yoshinov Radoslav , Kotseva Monka , Madzharov Anastas , Chehlarova Neda
Published: July 2024

The results of a conducted study on the knowledge and skills of representatives of the public and local administration regarding cyber security in modern digital work processes are presented. The survey was conducted in 2023 in the Republic of Bulgaria. The analysis includes a comparison of the data with those of a similar survey of employees in the public administration in 2020.
ILLEGAL MIGRATION PROCESSES MANAGEMENT IN THE LIGHT OF THE NEW EUROPEAN UNION PACT ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM
Authors: Deliversky Jordan
Published: July 2024

Contemporary border control and migration management policies and practices national wide and within the European Union are usually structured within a framework characterised by a collaboration between public and private interests. Migration is often related to various risks to national security, including some of them closely related to the regulatory framework. Migration itself, as a complex issue requires the provision of international protection, especially as the pressure to EU external borders provide challenges to border EU countries member states. This article focuses on specific regulations introduced within the new European union Pact on Migration and Asylum refer to migration management regulation, as its implementation requires exceed of capacities of EU member states countries as well as introduction of specific mechanisms for strengthening cooperation and solidarity in fight against negative consequences for illegal migration.
BUILDING RESILIENCE OF UKRAINIAN UNIVERSITIES IN THE FACE OF MILITARY INTERVENTION: EXPLORING FORMS AND IMPLICATION
Authors: Agapova Olena , Abuseridze Giga , Svintsytskyi Andrii , Grasis Janis
Published: July 2024

This article explores the concept of organizational resilience in higher education institutions, which can enable them to deal with unexpected events, recover from crises, and contribute to future success. Despite the growing academic interest in resilience, there is a lack of consensus on its definition and how it works, highlighting the need for additional knowledge on the capabilities and conditions that make up sustainability. The authors contribute to this field by conceptualizing resilience as a meta capacity and breaking it down into three stages:  adaptation, transformation, and anticipation. They also identify core capabilities, including strategic vision, operational flexibility, and a supportive culture, that form organizational resilience. Drawing on process research, the authors provide an overview of the relationship and interaction between the different stages of resilience, as well as the main prerequisites and driving forces. They also propose four tools based on an analysis of European normative-legal acts that can restore stability in crisis situations. This study advances understanding of the complex and built-in construct of organizational resilience and offers insights that can inform future empirical work in this area. The article underscores the significance of cultivating resilience capabilities in higher education institutions, particularly during times of turbulence and ambiguity, to guarantee their enduring.
A new artificial intelligence program for the automatic evaluation of scoliosis on frontal spinal radiographs: Accuracy, advantages and limitations
Authors: Kassab Dima Kh. I. , Kamyshanskaya Irina G. , Trukhan Stanislau V.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Scoliosis is one of the most common spinal deformations that are usually diagnosed on frontal radiographs using Cobb’s method. Automatic measurement methods based on artificial intelligence can overcome many drawbacks of the usual method and can significantly save radiologist’s time.
AIM: To analyze the accuracy, advantages, and disadvantages of a newly developed artificial intelligence program for the automatic diagnosis of scoliosis and measurement of Cobb’s angle on frontal radiographs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 114 digital radiographs were used to test the agreement of Cobb’s angle measurements between the new automatic method and the radiologist using the Bland–Altman method on Microsoft Excel. A limited clinical accuracy test was also conducted using 120 radiographs. The accuracy of the system in defining the scoliosis grade was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
RESULTS: The agreement of Cobb’s angle measurement between the system and the radiologist’s calculation was found mostly in grade 1 and 2 scoliosis. Only 2.8% of the results showed a clinically significant angle variability of 5°. The diagnostic accuracy metrics of the limited clinical trial in City Mariinsky Hospital (Saint Petersburg, Russia) also proved the reliability of the system, with a sensitivity of 0.97, specificity of 0.88, accuracy (general validity) of 0.93, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93.
CONCLUSION: Overall, the artificial intelligence program can automatically and accurately define the scoliosis grade and measure the angles of spinal curvatures on frontal radiographs.
Analysis of population mortality from endocrine diseases and diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since 2018 to 2022
Authors: Sydykova L. A. , Burtseva T. E. , Bugova L. A.
Published: July 2024

Objective. To analyze the mortality from endocrine pathology of the population in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the mortality rates from endocrine diseases and diabetes mellitus of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from 2018–2022 was carried out. The analysis was based on the data of YARMIAC and the republican register of diabetes mellitus.
Results. An increase in the death rate from endocrine pathology, from diabetes mellitus was noted during the analyzed period. In the structure of mortality from endocrine pathology, deaths from diabetes mellitus were 96%. The structure of causes of death in patients with diabetes mellitus includes renal failure, CHF, acute myocardial infarction, PE and pneumonia.
Conclusions. The results obtained during the study will allow us to justify the need for improving the endocrinological service in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) scientifically and will form the basis for the regional program “Combating diabetes mellitus”.
Clinical case of stage combined treatment of a patient with infected pancreonecrosis and its early and late complications
Authors: Samartsev V. A. , Domrachev A. A. , Gavrilov V. A. , Sosnin D. Yu. , Stepanov R. A. , Parshakov A. A. , Kobeleva A. S.
Published: July 2024

Acute pancreatitis is the 3rd most common abdominal pathology after acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis occurring in 10 to 25% of patients. The lethality in acute pancreatitis, according to different data, varies from 15 to 25%. We presented the results of minimally invasive stage combined endovideosurgical and X-ray vascular treatment of the patient with infected subtotal mixed pancreonecrosis complicated by pseudocyst formation of pancreatic tail, recurrent arrosive hemorrhage, formation of external gastric and incomplete external pancreatic fistula in the late postoperative period.
Clinical and non-hemorrhagic neuroimaging indicators of probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy as a cause of non-traumatic lobar hematomas
Authors: Novosadova O. A. , Grigoryeva V. N. , Astanin P. A. , Lesnikov M. A. , Samodurov A. S.
Published: July 2024

Objective. To identify clinical and non-hemorrhagic neuroimaging indicators of probable CAA in patients with acute non-traumatic lobar hematomas. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a microangiopathy affecting the leptomeningial and cortical vessels of the brain due to the deposition of pathological b-amyloid in them. The most common clinical manifestation of CAA is lobar hematomas (LH) – spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages localized between the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. LH can also occur in hypertensive cerebral microangiopathy (hCMA) in patients with arterial hypertension. Since the tactics of managing patients with CAA and hCMA differ, it is important to determine the genesis of LH correctly.
Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of acute non-traumatic hypertension in 32 patients with probable CAA and hCMA was carried out. Along with neurological examination and neuroimaging, all patients underwent a study using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale and the Benson Complex Figure Test to reveal visuospatial impairments. The diagnosis of probable CAA was carried out in accordance with the updated Boston criteria of 2010, the diagnosis of hCMA was based on clinical data, anamnesis and results of neuroimaging of the brain.
Results. Probable CAA was diagnosed in 16 patients, and in all these cases it was combined with hCMA (1st subgroup). Isolated hCMA as a cause of LH was also observed in 16 patients (2nd subgroup). Patients of subgroup 1 were statistically significantly more likely to have clinically pronounced visual impairments, performed the MoCA subtest and the Benson Complex Figure Test worse, and the overall assessment of their cognitive functions according to Mo SA was lower than in patients of subgroup 2. According to neuroimaging data, in the 1st subgroup of patients, an expansion of perivascular spaces in the semi-oval center and a zero or negative value of the front-occipital gradient were more often detected. The application of the logistic regression method made it possible to integrate potential CAA indicators and create a prognostic model for revealing this pathology in patients with hypertension.
Conclusions. Clinically pronounced disorders of primary and higher visual functions, a negative front-occipital gradient and expansion of perivascular spaces in the semi-oval centers can serve as indicators of probable CAA in patients with acute lobar hematoma. On admission of such patients to the vascular center, it is advisable to include iron-sensitive pulse sequences in the neuroimaging screening protocol to verify the diagnosis of CAA.
Metabolic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for early renal dysfunction in women of reproductive age
Authors: Erbes P. E. , Shulkina S. G. , Smirnova E. N.
Published: July 2024

Objective. To study the correlation of adipocytokines with early renal dysfunction indicators in women of reproductive age with obesity and metabolic fatty liver disease.
Materials and methods. The study included 100 obese females divided into 2 groups. The 1st group consisted of patients (n=50) diagnosed with metabolic fatty liver disease aged 40,5±2,8, and the 2nd group contained patients (n=50) without metabolic fatty liver disease (MFLD). The level of insulin, cystatin C, resistin, leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 6 (IL 6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) were determined in blood serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Albumin-to-creatinine ratio, TNF- α, MCP-1, IL 6, cystatin C, b2-microglobulin, VEGF were determined in morning urine.
Results. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endothelial dysfunction were revealed in group 1 in relation to both the comparison and control groups. In patients with MFLD associations of resistin level were the following: with HOMA(r=0,60), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (r=0,54), aspartate aminotransferase (r=0,71), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (r=0,71), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r=‒0,54), VEGF (r=0,54), TNF- α (r=0,44), MCP-1 (r=0,57) р0,05. In the 1st and 2nd groups cytokine urinary excretion and renal dysfunction markers were higher than in the control group. Associations of urinary excretion of b2-mic­ro­globulin with BMI (r=0,33), НОМА (r=0,34), resistin (r=0,30), uric acid level (r=0,50), creatinine (r=0,34), thyroglobulin (r=0,31), urinary MCP-1(r=0,60), IL 6 (r=0,70) р0,05 were revealed in the 1st group. In group 1 associations of urinary IL 6 with BMI (r=0,35), waist/hip circumference (WC/HC) (r=0,33), uric acid level (r=0,44), urinary MCP-1(r=0,74) were positive, and associations with HDL (r=‒0,44) р0,05.
Conclusions. Resistin can be considered as an unfavourable marker of cardiometabolic disturbances in patients with MFLD. The association of subclinical inflammation markers and endothelial dysfunction with the markers of early renal impairment in patients with MFLD which was determined allows to expand the understanding of cardio-renal-metabolic continuum.
Prevalence of main risk factors and cytokine profile in patients with acute coronary syndrome and different serum myostatin levels
Authors: Akhmadzyanova A. R. , Khovaeva Ya. B. , Sosnin D. Yu. , Sobolev A. V. , Voronova E. I.
Published: July 2024

Objective. To study the prevalence of the main risk factors and the value of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) depending on the determined level of serum myostatin.
Materials and methods. 120 patients with ST elevation ACS (STE-ACS) and non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS), hospitalized in the cardiology department of the regional vascular center were examined. In 86 patients, the level of serum myostatin and proinflammatory cytokines was determined on the 5th day of the development of acute coronary syndrome.
Results. Patients were divided into two subgroups depending on the level of serum myostatin which was determined: group 1 – with a lower level of myostatin, group 2 – with a higher level of myostatin. Group 1 (serum myostatin level from 0.038 to 0.084 ng/ml) consisted of 23 patients (16 males). Group 2 (serum myostatin level from 0.137 to 0.630 ng/ml) contained 21 patients (14 males). The main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as family history of early development of cardiovascular diseases, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus were assessed.
The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels were significantly higher in patients with higher myostatin levels. Correlation analysis revealed a relationship between serum myostatin concentration and TNF-alpha level (r = 0.34; p = 0.0016).
Conclusions. No differences in the prevalence of risk factors in patients with ACS and different myostatin levels, except for smoking were revealed in the study, the frequency of smoking was higher in the group with higher myostatin levels. Greater activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-18 was revealed in patients with higher levels of myostatin, as well as a significant correlation between the level of myostatin and TNF-alpha.
Bondage as a Special Type of Loan Agreement in Russia
Authors: Kuzmin Maxim O.
Published: July 2024

This article examines the legal institution of service bondage, which was prevalent in 15th–17th century Russia. It explores the borrowed nature of this phenomenon and traces the evolutionary development of social relations in lending and usury. Justification for the rationale for the formation, development, and eventual disappearance of the institution of service bondage was provided. Additionally, the article reviews the most prominent approaches to understanding this phenomenon within the scientific community.
Phenomenology of Legal Conflict
Authors: Skorobogatov Andrey V. , Krasnov Alexandr V.
Published: July 2024

This study aims to generate scientifically-based knowledge about the essential features of a legal conflict and its nature using phenomenological methodology. It relies on axiological studies of law existence and phenomenological interpretations of the life of law.
This study analyzes interpretations of legal conflict in terms of foreign general sociology and domestic law conflictology. Attention is drawn to the ambiguity in the scope of the category under research — ranging from a purely normative version exclusively indicating a clash of interests in law regulation to broader interpretations that imply conflict over relevant benefits. In this study, several possible fields of legal conflict were identified: contradictions between law consciousness and the content of real law relations, law ideas and elements of law relations, and value orientations and legal requirements. A legal conflict is defined as a contradiction between subjects of law regarding the implementation, application, violation, or interpretation of the rules of positive law caused by the antagonism of their social and legal interests, as well as differences in attitudes toward the rules of law and legal values.
This study differentiates between legal conflict and dispute. The essence of the conflict is considered in ontological, epistemological, and axiological aspects. The essential feature of a legal conflict is its mixed nature, which combines objectivity and subjectivity. The conflict is explained as an intersubjective category, due to the relative nature of the legal conflict and the dependence of its occurrence, course, and resolution on the positions of the participating entities as well as the competent entity designed to resolve it. A legal conflict presupposes the impossibility of realizing the interests of subjects of law relations when obstacles arise that require overcoming through law. Additionally, the conflict is procedural and extensive and goes through several stages discussed in the work. A legal conflict is directly related to the phenomenon of social anomie, which implies uncertainty: the presence of obstacles to satisfying the interests of the conflict subjects requires a clearer definition of boundaries in their subjective rights, powers, and legal obligations. Overcoming legal conflicts presupposes a high readiness of society not only for conflict but also for compromise actions.
Impact of Digital Technologies on Implementing Individual Elements of the Tax Structure
Authors: Ivanova Valentina N.
Published: July 2024

This article examines the implementation of various elements of the legal tax structure in the context of advancing digital technologies. It systematically analyzes how digital technologies are applied to specific tax elements in contemporary tax practices.