bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of nitric acid (HNO3) treatment on the electrical conductivity and stability of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films
Authors: Mohd Said Suhana , Rahman Shahriar Mufid , Long Bui Duc , Balamurugan Subramanian , Soin Norhayati , Rahman M. Asiqur
Published: June 2016

In this work, the posttreatment of an organic polymer is performed using an inorganic acid, nitric acid (HNO3). We picked poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the base material and improved its electrical conductivity by acid treatment with different concentrations of HNO3. The acid treatment was able to achieve the optimum electrical conductivity of 197 S/cm, which is 115.5 times higher than the base material when treated with an aqueous solution containing 65% of HNO3. Moreover, the films showed higher transparency in the visible range while conducting Fourier transform infrared analysis. In addition, the treated films showed improved stability against outdoor operating conditions in terms of sheet resistance compared with untreated PEDOT:PSS films. We tried to develop a hypothesis to describe the reason behind the electrical conductivity enhancement by studying the thicknesses of all the samples at different acid concentration levels. The results from atomic force microscopy, the Hall effect, and the trend of film thickness suggest that the conformational change, the removal of excess PSS from the polymer, and the increase in carrier concentration are the reasons behind the improvement in electrical conductivity.
Comparison of breast milk composition among lactating women in Latvia
Authors: Broka Līga , Daugule Ilva , Ciproviča Inga , Kviļūna Daiga , Rumba-Rozenfelde Ingrīda
Published: June 2016

Although benefits of breast-feeding have been known for a long time and breast milk is considered as ideal nutrition for infants, the composition of breast milk is still being studied, since breast milk differs among mothers and populations, as well as during different times of lactation. Further, no study has been performed among lactating women in Latvia during recent years. The objective of the study was to determine the breast milk composition and influencing factors among lactating women in Latvia in different lactation periods, as well as to compare the results with data from other countries. Fifty breast milk samples were obtained from 44 mothers (on the 5th-7th and 11th-28th day of lactation), whose neonates were treated in the Neonatal Care Unit, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Rīga. Milk analysis (pH, density, protein, fat, and lactose concentration) was performed in the Latvia University of Agriculture. Breast milk composition among lactating women in Latvia on the 5th-7th lactation day more resembled transitional milk containing a higher amount of protein and a lower amount of fat. The composition of the studied milk samples on the 11th-28th lactation day was comparable to data from other countries. Concentration of lactose was correlated with neonatal weight and not gestational age.
Urban Development Policy Challenges in East-Central Europe: Governance, City Regions and Financialisation
Authors: Buček Ján
Published: June 2016

This paper responds primarily to current innovations that have emerged in urban development policy during the last decades also in East-Central Europe. Prior to the change of the social regime, we notice more traditional approaches in the urban development policy - public consumption, economic development and environmental issues. Among current urban development challenges in this region we may focus on governance, city regions, and financialisation. Besides an outline of a general framework, their application is studied in the case of Bratislava. We argue that especially economic development and environmental issues were neglected in the urban development policy during the socialist period. More elementary development issues obtained priority as policy positions during the early transition period. Taking up more current challenges was delayed compared with western cities, and they have specific features. Nevertheless, it seems that cities in this region recognised the importance of the mutually multiplying effects of governance, city regionalism and financialisation in an urban development policy.
Climate Change and Buildings Energy Efficiency – the Key Role of Residents
Authors: Miezis Martins , Zvaigznitis Kristaps , Stancioff Nicholas , Soeftestad Lars
Published: June 2016

Eastern Europe today is confronted with an unavoidable problem - the multifamily apartment building stock is deteriorating but apartment owners do not have sufficient access to resources be they organizational, financial, technical or legal. In addition, destructive myths have grown about the Soviet era buildings despite their continued resilience or the ex- GDR experience in the 90s with the same buildings. Further, without resources, decision making in residential apartments is seen as a major obstacle and used as an explanation why renovation has not taken place in Latvia. This is important not only in the context of a potential housing crisis but also because the renovation of the apartment buildings is an effective solution to significantly reduce the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It has a proven potential to effectively finance the long term renovation of these buildings. This paper summarizes the first findings of a comprehensive and in-depth study of apartment buildings, their owners and the processes relating to renovation, combining social and environmental engineering research methods. It seeks to understand how owners of multi-family buildings in Eastern Europe understand their buildings and then to answer two questions - how to motivate owners to renovate their homes and increase energy efficiency and what business models should be used to implement economically viable and high quality projects.
Greeks of Georgia: Main factors and motivations of emigration
Authors: Loladze Nika
Published: June 2016

Massive migration from Georgia started in the 1990s following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The majority of the migrants went abroad seeking jobs, and like other ethnic groups residing in Georgia, Greeks were actively involved in this process. Even though the driving factor of migration appears to be Georgia’s difficult economic situation, some official institutions looked upon this process as a form of repatriation. This article aims to establish the factors leading to the migration of Georgia’s Greeks, analyzes 42 interviews carried out during the research, and compares socio-economic conditions in Georgia with those in the countries of destination.
Us and them: Inter- and intra-communal ethno-linguistic borders within the Pontic Greek community in Cyprus
Authors: Zoumpalidis Dionysios
Published: June 2016

In this study, the ethnic self-perception of Greeks from Russia and Georgia (alternatively known as Pontic Greeks) is examined in the socio-political context of Cyprus. I analyze the concept of mother tongue and the potential (symbolic) role it plays within the multilingual community of Pontic Greeks in Cyprus. The study demonstrates that the majority of Pontic Greeks both from Russia and Georgia ethnically self-identify as ‘Greeks’ while speaking different languages. Language plays a vital role in ethnic self-identification of some Pontic Greeks while for others the link between language and ethnicity appears to be insignificant. Interestingly, the ‘Greekness’ of some Pontic Greeks is questioned by the local population, which appears to be sensitive to the language-ethnicity link.
Morphological integration of Russian and Turkish nouns in Pontic Greek
Authors: Berikashvili Svetlana
Published: June 2016

This article presents an empirical study on morphological integration of borrowed nouns in Pontic Greek. The data have been elicited from a corpus drawn from original fieldwork in Georgia. The aim of the paper was to identify whether there was an advantage associated with borrowing between languages of the same morphological type, i. e. non-concatenative (Russian) to non-concatenative (Pontic Greek). However, the research revealed that the phonological form of the loanword is decisive for the integration of Russian and Turkish nouns into PG, and not the morphological type. Additionally, we discuss some strategies of transfer which reveal the interaction between languages of different morphological types.
Discourse implicature, Quintilian and the Lucidity Principle: rhetorical phenomena in pragmatics
Authors: Burke Michael
Published: June 2016

At a meta-level this article seeks to reduce the perceived gap that exists between classical rhetoric on the one hand and linguistics on the other. The linguistic focus here will be on pragmatics and discourse phenomena. In this article, the main tenets of classical rhetoric will first be set out. Thereafter, some examples of productive crossover work from both sides that has sought to unify rhetoric and pragmatics will be discussed. Next, a number of suggestions will be put forward as to why there has been so little cooperation. These will highlight aspects of scope and audience. Finally, some solutions will be offered as to how those perceived stumbling blocks might be eliminated. In this discussion, there will be a particular focus on the pragmatic notion of implicature from the perspective of Grice, the neo-Griceans and also the Roman rhetorician Quintilian. In the case of the latter, his ideas on the importance of lucidity in productive discourse situations will be explored and recast within a light of modern pragmatic theory.
The gradual acquisition of clitic “se” in Spanish L2
Authors: Escobar Linda , Teomiro Ismael
Published: June 2016

In this study, we analyse the nature of clitic “se” and low applicatives in Spanish L2 through the study of the non-native acquisition of this clitic by L1 English adult learners. In particular, we are going to discuss the question of how English adults acquire this clitic in the different syntactic configurations where it appears (anticausative inchoative verbs, inherent reflexive verbs, transitive verbs implying an inalienable possession relation, consumption verbs and non-anticausative inchoative verbs). Our main research hypothesis is that the acquisition of clitic “se” with some types of applicatives takes place in the later stages of the learning process, since it requires exposure to certain linguistic evidence to acquire a certain type of argument structure proper to applicatives. This study is going to be based on how our subjects perform using Grammaticality Judgment Tests (GJTs).
A New Record of Chaunocephalus ferox (Digenea, Echinostomatidae) from Ciconia nigra in Ukraine Including Morphological and Molecular Data
Authors: Greben О. B. , Kudlai O. , Korol E. N. , Kornyushin V. V. , Vasilkovska I. B. , Kobylinsky V. V.
Published: June 2016

Morphological and molecular data on the type-species of Chaunocephalus Dietz, 1910, Chaunocephalus ferox (Rudolphi, 1795) is provided based on material collected from the type-host, Ciconia nigra (Linnaeus), from Kiev Zoo, Ukraine.
Tropical and Holarctic Ants in Late Eocene Ambers
Authors: Perkovsky E. E.
Published: June 2016

Based on representative collections, the ratio of tropical and Holarctic ant species in Priabonian (Late Eocene) Baltic, Bitterfeld (Saxonian), Danish and Rovno ambers is analyzed for the first time. In surveyed representative collections of Baltic amber, the ratios of Holarctic and tropical ant species are from 1.1 to 1.5; with 10 Holarctic and 9 tropical species (out of 31) in the PIN-964 collection, and 9 and 5 species (out of 29) in the Giecewicz collection; the ratio in the representative collection of Saxonian amber is 0.9, 11 Holarctic species vs. 12 tropical species (out of 55); in the representative collection of Rovno amber it is 0.65, 15 vs. 23 species (out of 79); and in the representative collection of Danish amber it is 0.64, 7 vs. 11 species (out of 36). Hence, in representative collections of Baltic amber, Holarctic species clearly prevail not just in terms of the share of their specimens (by 9.8 to 19.6 times), but also by the number of species. In Bitterfeld amber, Holarctic species are somewhat less numerous than tropical ones, but their specimens are 6 times greater. In representative collections of Rovno and Danish ambers, the number of Holarctic species is 1.5 to 1.7 times smaller than that of tropical species, but the number of their specimens is 4.9 to 6.9 times greater. The numbers of tropical and Holarctic species represented by more than one specimen is similar in Priabonian ambers, 25 versus 22, but Holarctic species include four dominants or subdominants. The abundance of temperate elements in the Priabonian amber ant fauna along with the relatively small number of tropical elements greatly distinguishes it from the Middle European Lutetian ant faunas of Messel and Eckfeld in shale, which do not have temperate elements at all. Formica phaethusa Wheeler, Glaphyromyrmex oligocenicus Wheeler, Plagiolepis squamifera Mayr, Proceratium eocenicum Dlussky, Hypoponera atavia (Mayr), Ponera lobulifera Dlussky, Aphaenogaster mersa Wheeler, and Ennaemerus reticulatus Mayr are new records for Rovno amber, and Formica gustawi Dlussky and Gnamptogenys europaea (Mayr) for Danish amber.
First Records of the Fruit Flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in the Fauna of Iran
Authors: Zarghani E. , Khaghaninia S. , Namin S. Mohamadzade , Karimpour Y. , Korneyev V. A.
Published: June 2016

As a result of studies on fruit flies in Iran during 2013-2015, two genera (Eurasimona Korneyev & White 1991 and Inuromaesa Korneyev & White 1991) and eight species: Eurasimona stigma (Loew, 1840) Inuromaesa maura (Frauenfeld, 1857), Myopites inulaedyssentericae Blot, 1827, Oxyna flavipennis (Loew, 1846), Terellia ermolenkoi Korneyev, 1985, T. odontolophi Korneyev 1993, T. pseudovirens (Hering, 1940), and Euleia kovalevi (Korneyev 1991), are recorded for the first time from Iran. The host plants, collection data as well as general distribution and diagnostic characters of them are given. Detailed illustrated redescription for T. ermolenkoi previously known from a unique holotype male is provided. The presence of Noeeta pupillata (Fallén, 1814) in the fauna of Iran is confirmed.
The Terminal and Vomeronasal Nerves of Montpellier Snake, Malpolon monspessulana (Colubridae, Ophidia, Squamata)
Authors: Omar A. R. , Dakrory A. I.
Published: June 2016

The montpellier snake, Malpolon monspessulana, used in the current work in order to study the nervi terminalis and vomeronasalis. The vomeronasal organ or Jacobson’s organ is a part of the olfactory apparatus. This organ is innervated by the terminal and vomeronasal nerves. These nerves emerge from the sensory epithelium of Jacobson’s organ simultaneously. The bundles of the terminal and vomeronasal nerves traverse together the cavity of the nasal capsule in their way to the brain. These nerves bear scattered ganglionic cells which represent the ganglion terminale. They leave the capsule through the foramen olfactorium advehens. The terminal and vomeronasal nerves are connected with the olfactory nerve and enter the olfactory formation of the forebrain.
The petro-political configuration: entanglements of Western and Chinese oil zones in Niger
Authors: Schritt Jannik
Published: June 2016

The article examines the spatial, economic, political and socio-cultural transformations induced in the process of Niger becoming a new oil producer in 2011. It does so by analyzing entanglements of Western and Chinese ‘oil zones’ in Niger, which are understood as trans-territorial spaces of assemblage. I argue that the specific properties of these two oil zones have triggered the emergence of a particular ‘petro-political configuration’ in Niger. The argument proceeds through four stages. Firstly, looking at economic entanglements, I argue that the Chinese oil zone enabled the Nigerien economy to develop so-called upstream and downstream oil industries, something the Western oil zone had not allowed. Secondly, analyzing political and socio-cultural entanglements, I argue that, by being co-opted into former Nigerien president Mamadou Tandja’s political project for constitutional amendment, China’s oil diplomacy has become a kind of ‘soft power’ in Niger, something Western political rhetoric has failed to achieve. Thirdly, focusing on geopolitical and military entanglements, I argue that the militarization of global space should ensure capitalist accumulation, especially in situations in which the translation of transnational governmentality has failed. Finally, I use these entanglements to identify the heterogeneous elements of Western and Chinese ‘oil zones’, and the specific capitalist properties these assemblages generate.
For better or worse: major developments affecting resource and conflict dynamics in northwest Kenya
Authors: Schilling Janpeter , Weinzierl Thomas , Lokwang Augustine Ekitela , Opiyo Francis
Published: June 2016

The county of Turkana, located in northwest Kenya, has a long history of violent conflicts. These are fought by pastoral groups over scarce water, land, pasture and livestock resources. Now oil has been found in Turkana, fuelling both hopes for a resource blessing and fears of a resource curse. The discovery of oil coincides with four other major developments, namely the process of devolution, the large-scale infrastructure project LAPSSET (Lamu Port Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport), the discovery of significant aquifers and the Gibe III dam in Ethiopia. The aim of this paper is first to give an overview of these developments, and second to explore their interactions and their effects on existing and potentially new resource and conflict dynamics. The article is based on a review of the academic literature as well as newspaper articles, government records and company publications. Further, we analyze security data and draw on extensive field research conducted in northwest Kenya over the past five years. To illustrate potential pathways, we draft a worst and best case scenario. Our results suggest that the described developments will strongly affect the existing water, land and livestock resources and create new ones in the form of revenues, business opportunities, employment and infrastructure. To decrease the conflict potential and to maximize benefits, it is highly important for any project to closely include the local communities in a fair and transparent manner.
Ressourcenboom in Südamerika: alte Praktiken – neue Diskurse?
Authors: Hafner Robert , Rainer Gerhard , Ruiz Peyré Fernando , Coy Martin
Published: June 2016

Der globaleBoom der commoditieshatte einen fundamentalen Einfluss auf die Wirtschaft vieler lateinamerikanischer Länder hin zur Reprimarisierung. Nach einer neoliberalen Phase der Öffnung in den 1990er Jahren, die stark durch den Washington Consensus geprägt sind, bringen die 2000er Jahre einen komplexeren politischen, sozialen und ökonomischen Kontext mit sich. Neo-extraktivistische Praktiken und post-extraktivistische Diskurse werdenen vogue. Dieser Beitrag legt diese Veränderungen offen und kontextualisiert sie. Dabei wird die theoretische Diskussion mit zentralen Beispielen aus dem Bergbau, der Sojaproduktion und Infrastrukturprojekten in Südamerika aufgearbeitet.
Muscles cannot break a NuRDy heart
Authors: Malecova Barbora , Dall'Agnese Alessandra , Puri Pier Lorenzo
Published: June 2016

The recent article from Gómez‐del Arco et al () in Cell Metabolism reveals the essential role of chromodomain‐helicase‐DNA‐binding protein 4 (CHD4) in the control of alternative gene expression in cell types that share seemingly redundant, yet distinct, biological properties, such as the contractile activities of striated cardiac or skeletal muscles. An altered expression of genes for alternative sarcomeric and metabolic programs occurred upon genetic inactivation of Chd4 in skeletal or cardiac cells, leading to formation of “hybrid” striated muscles and pathological outcomes.
A la zaga de una propuesta para la combinación de metodologías de investigación
Authors: Rugeles Gélvez María Victoria , Herrera Huérfano Eliana Del Rosario , Muñoz Sandoval Carlos Andrés
Published: June 2016

Fuera de sus resultados, pocas veces las investigaciones exponen el proceso creativo de definir y poner en marcha una estrategia metodológica. Este artículo presenta una descripción y reflexión sobre la propuesta metodológica diseñada para el proyecto “Experiencias de comunicación y desarrollo sobre medio ambiente en la región andina de Colombia”. Inicialmente se detalla el contexto del proyecto, seguido por las referencias conceptuales, la descripción del diseño metodológico y los procesos de recolección y sistematización en cada fase, con sus respectivas dificultades, a partir de lo cual se derivan aprendizajes que ocupan la parte conclusiva del artículo
Prevalencia de Nematodos Gastrointestinales en Sistemas de Producción Ovina y Caprina bajo Confinamiento, Semiconfinamiento y Pastoreo en Municipios de Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Zapata Salas Richard , Velásquez Vélez Raúl , Herrera Ospina Liseth Vanessa , Ríos Osorio Leonardo , Polanco Echeverry Diana N.
Published: June 2016

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de nematodos gastrointestinales en sistemas de producción de ganado ovino y caprino en el trópico de Antioquia, Colombia, mediante un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se incluyeron 17 apriscos de 9 municipios y 302 animales (ovejas y cabras). Se evaluó la frecuencia de parasitismo gastrointestinal y carga parasitaria de especies y géneros determinados a través de la caracterización taxonómica por identificación de las larvas (L3), considerando variables clínico-epidemiológicas. El 76% de los animales se encontraba infectado, donde el 69.5% presentó cargas parasitarias bajas (menos de 200 hpg de heces). Se concluyó que los apriscos de Antioquia presentan alta prevalencia de infección por Tricostrongilidos, siendo Haemonchus contortus (61.3%), Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta (25.5%) y Trichostrongylus sp (21.5%) los parásitos más frecuentes.
Seroprevalencia de Anticuerpos contra Brucella canis en Perros del Distrito de Pucusana, Lima, Perú
Authors: Zavala C. Magali , Morales C. Siever
Published: June 2016

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra Brucella canis en perros del distrito de Pucusana, Lima, Perú. Se colectaron 202 muestras de sangre de perros mayores a 6 meses de edad de diversos grupos raciales, sexo e historial reproductivo. El análisis de los sueros se realizó mediante la técnica de inmunodifusión en gel de agar (IDGA). El 21.3 ± 2.9% (43/202) de los perros resultó seropositivo a anticuerpos contra B. canis. Se evaluaron las variables sexo, raza, ocurrencia de abortos y presencia en las calles, encontrándose asociación significativa entre la seropositividad a B. canis y el sexo (p<0.05).
Seroprevalencia de Brucelosis Canina en el Distrito de Los Olivos, Lima, Perú
Authors: Maza V. María , Morales C. Siever
Published: June 2016

El estudio evaluó la seroprevalencia de brucelosis canina en el distrito de Los Olivos, Lima, Perú, mediante el método diagnóstico de Inmunodifusión en Gel de Agar (IDGA). Se recolectaron 288 muestras de sangre de canes mayores de dos meses de edad. Los sueros resultantes se analizaron para la determinación de seropositividad a Brucella canis. La seroprevalencia de brucelosis canina fue de 4.9 ± 1.8% (IC 95%) y una seroprevalencia corregida de 5.3 ± 2.6% (IC 95%), sin encontrar un efecto significativo para las variables edad, sexo, condición fisiológica, hábitos de paseo e historia reproductiva.
El Peso Corporal y su Efecto sobre Otros Caracteres Morfométricos en Pollitas White Leghorn L33
Authors: Grandía G. Raiden , Colas C. Manuel , Soroa R. Julio , Entrena G. Ángel , Figueroa B. Teresa , Bada B. Ana , Jáuregui C. Susana , García V. Itamys , Burón R. Miriam , Pérez G. Moraima
Published: June 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto del peso corporal sobre otros caracteres morfométricos en pollitas White Leghorn L33. Se trabajó con 300 pollitas por seis semanas a partir de la semana 11 de edad. La mitad (grupo I) tenían el peso esperado para su edad (865.6 ± 13.3 g) y la otra mitad (grupo II) estaban con sobrepeso (920.1 ± 37.3 g). Se registró semanalmente el peso corporal, largo del tarso, y distancias entre pubis y de quilla a pubis. Se utilizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney (p<0.05) para comparar las medias entre grupos. La uniformidad en el peso corporal de ambos grupos fue considerada como excelente (2.6 y 4.8% para el grupo I y II, respectivamente). Se observó diferencia significativa entre grupos en el largo del tarso y la distancia de quilla a pubis (p<0.0001), pero no en la distancia entre pubis. Asimismo, se observó correlación positiva entre el peso corporal y las otras variables morfométricas, aunque solo el 25.2% del largo del tarso estuvo determinado por el peso corporal. Se concluye que el peso corporal tiene un efecto directo sobre el largo del tarso en pollitas White Leghorn L33 en desarrollo, el que se potencializa en aves con sobrepeso.
Variabilidad Genética del Gato Doméstico (Felis catus) en Magangué, Bolívar, Colombia
Authors: Pardo Enrique , Montes Yiris , Cardales Yorlenis
Published: June 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la variabilidad genética de las poblaciones de gatos domésticos (Felis catus) utilizando genes que codifican la coloración, el diseño y longitud del pelaje en Magangué, Bolívar-Colombia. Un total de 297 gatos fueron fenotipados mediante observaciones directas realizados en recorridos por las zonas urbanas en Magangué, atendiendo a los marcadores fenotípicos: Orange, Agouti, Tabby, Dilution, Long hair, Spotting white y Dominant white. Se calcularon los parámetros genéticos poblacionales: frecuencia alélica, diversidad genética, flujo génico, equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg y distancia genética y se infirieron las relaciones filogenéticas entre las poblaciones de gatos. Se encontró que el marcador Non-agouti fue el de mayor frecuencia, mientras los genes Tabby blotched y Dominant white presentaron los valores más bajos. La mayor parte de la diversidad genética se encontró dentro de poblaciones y poca entre poblaciones, así como un elevado flujo génico. Se observó un exceso de heterocigotos a nivel poblacional y no hubo equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg. Las poblaciones se encuentran muy relacionadas genéticamente; además se evidenció una posible selección natural y artificial de los marcadores Non-agouti y Spotting white.
Medición Testicular en Sementales de Raza Caballo Chileno Enteros y Castrados Unilateralmente
Authors: Muñoz-Alonzo Lisandro , Morales Quintana Felipe , Ortiz Ramírez Reinaldo , Cruces Leal Jaime , Briones Luengo Mario , Saravia Ramos Fernando
Published: June 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer el tamaño testicular y estimar la producción espermática diaria (PED) en sementales de raza Caballo Chileno enteros y castrados unilateralmente. Se estudiaron 61 sementales (31 con ambos testículos y 30 castrados unilateralmente), de 3 a 20 años de edad. Se midió el alto, ancho y largo de los testículos con un vernier escrotal, se calculó el volumen testicular (VT) y se estimó la PED utilizando las fórmulas propuestas por Sertich (2011). Las medidas testiculares en los sementales con ambos testículos fueron mayores a las esperadas y sin diferencia estadística entre testículos contralaterales en sementales enteros. La PED estimada en sementales con ambos testículos fue de 7.67 ± 2.32 x 109 espermatozoides. En los sementales castrados unilateralmente no hubo diferencias de tamaño relacionadas con el testículo que mantenían, pero el alto, ancho y VT fueron mayores que en los sementales enteros (p<0.05). La PED estimada en sementales castrados unilateralmente fue de 5.13 ± 1.84 x 109 espermatozoides, lo cual es 33% menor que en caballos enteros (p<0.0001). Los resultados permiten concluir que las medidas testiculares de los sementales de raza Caballo Chileno son mayores a las esperadas para su tamaño corporal.
Can Parents Refuse a Potentially Lifesaving Transplant for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency?
Authors: Nickels Andrew S. , Myers G. Douglas , Johnson Liza-Marie , Joshi Avni , Sharp Richard R. , Lantos John D.
Published: June 2016

If untreated, most children with severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID) will die of complications of infection within the first 2 years of life. Early hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is the current standard of care for this disease. Although potentially lifesaving, prognosis of HSCT in SCID is variable depending on a number of host and donor factors. Of the survivors, many develop secondary problems such as chronic graft-versus-host disease or even second malignancies. Posttransplant care is complex and requires great effort from parents to adhere to difficult treatment regimens. In this article, we address the difficult ethical question of what to do if parents choose not to have their child with SCID undergo HSCT but prefer palliative care.
Prävalenz von Lahmheiten unterschiedlichen Grades in der Frühlaktation von Milchkühen und deren Einfluss auf Fruchtbarkeitsparameter
Authors: Ruddat Inga , Hoedemaker Martina , Orgel Corina
Published: June 2016

Gegenstand und Ziel: Untersuchung des Effekts von Lahmheiten auf die Fruchtbarkeit von Milchkühen. Material und Methoden: In sieben Betrieben mit Boxenlaufstallhaltung fand in 4-wöchigen Intervallen eine Beurteilung aller Milchkühe anhand eines Locomotion Scoring Systems (Score 1: nicht lahm bis Score 5: schwer lahm) statt. Im Beobachtungszeitraum von 18 Monaten konnten von 893 Kühen im 1. und von 944 Kühen im 2., 3. und 4. Laktationsmonat (LM) der Bewegungsscore und die Fruchtbarkeitsparameter erfasst werden. Die Auswertungen beinhalteten den Vergleich der Fruchtbarkeitskennzahlen zwischen nicht lahmen Kühen (Score 1) und Kühen mit geringgradigen Lahmheiten (Score 2) oder mittelgradigen Lahmheiten (Score ≥ 3). Ergebnisse: Kühe, die unabhängig von Betrieb und Laktationsnummer im 1. LM Scores ≥ 3 aufwiesen, zeigten eine um 6 Tage längere Rastzeit (86,2 ± 35,6 vs. 80,2 ± 34,1 Tage; p = 0,002) und eine um 16 Tage längere Güstzeit (119,7 ± 51,4 vs. 103,8 ± 55,5 Tage; p = 0,048). Zudem wurden sie signifikant häufiger nicht tragend (Odds Ratio: 2,1; 95%-Konfidenzintervall: 1,095, 4,040; p = 0,026). Kühe mit Score 2 im 3. LM wiesen eine um 4 Tage (84,7 ± 35,6 vs. 80,1 ± 30,5 Tage; p = 0,026) und Kühe mit Score ≥ 3 eine um 7 Tage längere Rastzeit auf als nicht lahme Kühe (87,2 ± 34,9 vs. 80,1 ± 30,5 Tage; p = 0,002). Kühe mit geringgradiger Lahmheit im 3. LM hatten zudem eine um 18 Tage längere Güstzeit als nicht lahme Tiere (120,1 ± 55,4 vs. 102,3 ± 47,6 Tage; p = 0,016). Die längsten mittleren Rastzeiten ergaben sich bei Kühen mit Score 1 im 1. LM und Score 3 im 3. LM (94,3 ± 33,9 vs. 76,5 ± 16,0 Tage bei nicht lahmen Kühen; p = 0,046). Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Nicht nur deutliche (Score ≥ 3), sondern auch geringgradige Lahmheiten in der Frühlaktation beeinträchtigen die Reproduktionsleistung einer Herde. Eine konsequente Überwachung der Klauengesundheit und eine fachgerechte frühzeitige Behandlung geringgradig und deutlich lahmer Tiere können einen Beitrag zum Tierwohl und zur ökonomischen Effizienz einer Milchviehherde leisten.
Leishmania-infantum-bedingte Knochenläsionen bei einem Hund
Authors: Söffler Charlotte , Winkels Philipp , Hess Marcus , Engelhardt Peter , Wallborn Felix
Published: June 2016

Ein aus Spanien stammender, 3-jähriger Labrador-Retriever-Rüde wurde aufgrund einer seit mehreren Monaten bestehenden Lahmheit der linken Hintergliedmaße vorgestellt. Die orthopädische Untersuchung ergab eine Schmerzhaftigkeit bei Manipulation des linken Tarsus. Röntgenologisch und computertomographisch ließen sich polyostotische, aggressive osteolytische Knochenläsionen mit beginnender erosiver Arthritis nachweisen. Durch Untersuchung eines Knochenbioptats mittels PCR konnte über einen direkten Erregernachweis die Diagnose Leishmaniose gestellt werden. Drei Wochen nach Beginn einer Behandlung mit Allopurinol war der Hund lahmheitsfrei. Acht Monate nach Therapiebeginn zeigte sich röntgenologisch eine mittelgradige Regression der Osteolysen.
Attending physicians’ attitudes towards physical exam and bedside teaching
Authors: Babayev Revekka , Tortez Leanne , Kozikowski Andrzej , Wolf-Klein Gisele , Loehner John , Dlugacz Yosef , Pekmezaris Renee
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Medical education has experienced a gradual shift away from traditional bedside attending rounds, from 75% of rounds occurring at bedside in the 1960s to about 30% today. Aim: To examine attending physicians' attitudes towards bedside teaching and physical exam. Methods: Anonymous survey of medical attendings in six academic hospitals. Results: 77% of respondents (n=97) completed the survey. The vast majority (89%) of attendings concurred that physical diagnosis skills are essential, felt that more emphasis on bedside teaching is needed (77%), and believed that bedside teaching should be a priority (71%). Additionally, 87% reported that bedside rounds are important to patient care. Yet, only 31% reported conducting teaching rounds at bedside. Finally, only 5% of attendings trained outside the US expressed fear of poor teaching performance in front of house staff, compared with US trained attendings (28%, p=0.023). Conclusion: Physicians are spending less and less time at the bedside, particularly those trained within the United States. At a time when the U.S. healthcare system is struggling to meet the increasing demand of escalating costs and declining patient satisfaction, the return to bedside teaching may be a surprisingly simple and untapped solution.
Intestinal and liver morphometry of the Yellow Tail Tetra (Astyanax altiparanae) fed with oregano oil
Authors: FERREIRA POLLYANNA M.F. , CALDAS DÉBORA W. , SALARO ANA LÚCIA , SARTORI SIRLENE S.R. , OLIVEIRA JERUSA M. , CARDOSO ALEX J.S. , ZUANON JENER A.S.
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oregano oil on the intestinal and liver morphometry of yellow tail tetra, Astyanax altiparanae. Fish (1.46 ± 0.09 g) were kept in a 60-L aquaria, at a stocking density of 0.5 fi sh L-1. Six diets containing varying amounts of oregano oil were evaluated (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 g of oregano oil kg-1). At the end of 90 days, the fi sh were euthanised. Four intestines and four livers were collected per treatment, which were fi xed in Bouin and embedded in resin. For height and width folds, the absorption surface area and thickness of the muscular layer a positive linear effect of oregano oil was observed. A decrescent linear effect on the total number of goblet cells was also observed. For the cytoplasmic percentage of hepatocytes and liver glycogen, a positive linear effect of oregano oil was observed. There was a decreasing linear effect on the percentage of nuclei in the hepatocytes and capillaries. Thus, the oregano essential oil promotes increased absorption areas, modulates the amount of goblet cells involved in protecting the intestinal mucosa and promotes cytoplasmic increase with greater deposition of liver glycogen in yellow tail tetra.
Knowledge-base for interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid data patterns. Essentials in neurology and psychiatry
Authors: Reiber Hansotto
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT The physiological and biophysical knowledge base for interpretations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data and reference ranges are essential for the clinical pathologist and neurochemist. With the popular description of the CSF flow dependent barrier function, the dynamics and concentration gradients of blood-derived, brain-derived and leptomeningeal proteins in CSF or the specificity-independent functions of B-lymphocytes in brain also the neurologist, psychiatrist, neurosurgeon as well as the neuropharmacologist may find essentials for diagnosis, research or development of therapies. This review may help to replace the outdated ideas like “leakage” models of the barriers, linear immunoglobulin Index Interpretations or CSF electrophoresis. Calculations, Interpretations and analytical pitfalls are described for albumin quotients, quantitation of immunoglobulin synthesis in Reibergrams, oligoclonal IgG, IgM analysis, the polyspecific ( MRZ- ) antibody reaction, the statistical treatment of CSF data and general quality assessment in the CSF laboratory. The diagnostic relevance is documented in an accompaning review.
Botulinum neurotoxin type-A when utilized in animals with trigeminal sensitization induced a antinociceptive effect
Authors: Piovesan Elcio J , Oshinsky Michael , Silberstein Stephen , Kowacs Pedro Andre , Novak Edison Matos , Werneck Lineu Cesar
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT Purpose of the study was evaluate the possible antinociceptive effect of botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNT/A) in an experimental model of trigeminal neuralgia. Method Neuropathic pain was induced by surgical constriction of the infraorbital nerve in rats. A control group underwent a sham procedure consisting of surgical exposure of the nerve. Subgroups of each group received either BoNT/A or isotonic saline solution. The clinical response was assessed with the -20°C test. Animals that underwent nerve constriction developed sensitization; the sham group did not. Results The sensitization was reversed by BoNT/A treatment evident 24 hours following application. Pronociceptive effect was observed in the sham group following BoNT/A. Conclusion BoNT/A has an antinociceptive effect in sensitized animals and a pronociceptive effect in non-sensitized animals.
Impaired executive functions in experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Ramos Fabiane Ochai , Carreiro Luiz Renato Rodrigues , Scorza Fulvio Alexandre , Cysneiros Roberta Monterazzo
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT Objective The present study aimed to investigate cognitive and behavioural changes consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD -like behavior in male Wistar rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Method Male Wistar rats at 25 day of age were submitted to animal model of TLE by pilocarpine injection (350 mg/kg, ip) and a control group received saline 0.9%. The animals were continuously video monitored up to the end of experiments. The behavioural tests (open field, elevated plus maze and operant conditioning box) started from 60 days postnatal. Results Animals with TLE exhibited elevated locomotor activity, reduced level of anxiety-related behavior, impulsivity and impaired visuospatial working memory. Conclusion Taken as a whole, we concluded that animals with TLE exhibited some cognitive and behavioural changes consistent with ADHD-like behavior.
High-efficiency phenotyping for vitamin A in banana using artificial neural networks and colorimetric data
Authors: Aquino César Fernandes , Salomão Luiz Carlos Chamhum , Azevedo Alcinei Mistico
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT Banana is one of the most consumed fruits in Brazil and an important source of minerals, vitamins and carbohydrates for human diet. The characterization of banana superior genotypes allows identifying those with nutritional quality for cultivation and to integrate genetic improvement programs. However, identification and quantification of the provitamin carotenoids are hampered by the instruments and reagents cost for chemical analyzes, and it may become unworkable if the number of samples to be analyzed is high. Thus, the objective was to verify the potential of indirect phenotyping of the vitamin A content in banana through artificial neural networks (ANNs) using colorimetric data. Fifteen banana cultivars with four replications were evaluated, totaling 60 samples. For each sample, colorimetric data were obtained and the vitamin A content was estimated in the ripe banana pulp. For the prediction of the vitamin A content by colorimetric data, multilayer perceptron ANNs were used. Ten network architectures were tested with a single hidden layer. The network selected by the best fit (least mean square error) had four neurons in the hidden layer, enabling high efficiency in prediction of vitamin A (r2 = 0.98). The colorimetric parameters a* and Hue angle were the most important in this study. High-scale indirect phenotyping of vitamin A by ANNs on banana pulp is possible and feasible.
Nenhuma ferida fala por si mesma. Sofrimento e estratégias de cura dos imigrantes por meio de práticas de ethnography-based art
Authors: Pussetti Chiara
Published: June 2016

Neste ensaio fotográfico, apresento “Woundscapes. Suffering, creativity and bare life”, uma exibição de arte baseada em etnografia, produzida de forma colaborativa por 11 antropólogos e artistas de diferentes países, cujo trabalho se concentra na reprodução de olhares e estereótipos pós-coloniais e de memórias individuais que são ligadas às respetivas dinâmicas diaspóricas e às estratégias de cura dos imigrantes no amplo Mercado terapêutico da Grande Lisboa.
A Educação Matemática Muda
Authors: Fernandes Filipe Santos
Published: June 2016

Resumo Um famoso linguista foi desafiado, certa vez, a gramaticar um livro de páginas infinitas. Guiado pela palavra “muda”, o homem diz de uma Educação Matemática desenhando-se em três sentidos: o do substantivo, o do verbo e o do adjetivo. Desenhos inacabados, rascunhos de um caderno desesperadamente construído. Entre narrativas e produções de sentido, um pensar a efetividade de uma prática social, a Educação Matemática.
A Formação Matemática nos Cursos de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo
Authors: Sachs Línlya , Elias Henrique Rizek
Published: June 2016

Resumo Neste artigo buscamos elucidar qual o lugar da Matemática em oito cursos de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo com habilitação em Matemática, a partir de seus projetos político-pedagógicos. Voltamos nossos olhares para três itens desses projetos: os objetivos do curso, o perfil esperado do egresso e as ementas dos componentes curriculares. Tomando Moreira e David (2010) e Fiorentini e Oliveira (2013) como referenciais teóricos da formação matemática do professor de Matemática e à luz da Análise Textual Discursiva, de Moraes e Galiazzi (2011), como método de análise, percebemos que, de um modo geral, a Matemática que tem sido priorizada nesses cursos é a chamada Acadêmica, que o lugar da Matemática é central e, ainda, concluímos que, na maioria dos casos, as disciplinas de conteúdo matemático vêm dissociadas do contexto social, das disciplinas didático-pedagógicas e da prática do professor.
Integración de las Etnomatemáticas en el Aula de Matemáticas: posibilidades y limitaciones
Authors: Oliveras María Luisa , Blanco-Álvarez Hilbert
Published: June 2016

Resumen Este artículo presenta la primera parte de una investigación doctoral sobre la formación de maestros, enfocada desde las Etnomatemáticas. Se analiza la veracidad de dos conjeturas: C1. Los maestros no reconocen prácticas extraescolares como conocimientos matemáticos; y C2. Esta convicción obstaculiza el uso de prácticas extraescolares en el aula. Partiendo de estas conjeturas, planificamos un curso de formación, desde la Etnomatemática, para maestros de educación primaria en Colombia. Dicho curso se tomó como caso a investigar mediante una metodología cualitativa de estudio de casos. Se han analizado, bajo la teoría filosófica de Wittgenstein, los registros obtenidos de una entrevista grupal y del diario de campo del investigador. Concluimos que las conjeturas no se cumplen, ya que no existe total coherencia entre las concepciones epistemológicas y la acción en el aula. Además, emergieron de la investigación otros elementos que inciden en la conexión entre creencias y prácticas en aula interesantes para tener en cuenta en la formación de profesores.
Análisis Didáctico a un Proceso de Instrucción del Método de Integración por Partes
Authors: Nieves Enrique Mateus
Published: June 2016

Resumen En este artículo se presenta un análisis de la estructura y funcionamiento de una secuencia de clases de matemáticas, con estudiantes colombianos de segundo año de la licenciatura en matemáticas, donde se explica el método de integración por partes. Para ello, se utiliza el modelo de análisis didáctico propuesto por el Enfoque Ontosemiótico de la Cognición e Instrucción Matemática. El análisis didáctico realizado permite concluir que la secuencia de clases analizada se puede considerar como una degeneración mecanicista de la clase formal. Dado que en el desarrollo de la misma se utilizan en forma parcial características propias del paradigma formal-mecanicista. Por otra parte, se observa que la estructura y funcionamiento de la clase analizada no tiene en cuenta la complejidad ontosemiótica*** de la integral, lo cual es una de las causas de que se produzcan determinadas dificultades de aprendizaje en los alumnos.
El Consentimiento con el Otro en la Interpretación de la Comprensión en Matemáticas
Authors: Romero Jesús Gallardo , Batallanos Verónica A. Quintanilla
Published: June 2016

Resumen Reconocer la actividad matemática escolar como un proceso interpretativo nos obliga a dar una respuesta operativa al problema de la referencia en la interpretación. En este trabajo proponemos situarla en el consentimiento con el otro, un rastro visible complementario al uso del conocimiento matemático que incorporamos a la dimensión hermenéutica de un modelo en desarrollo para la interpretación de la comprensión en matemáticas. El consentimiento con el otro nos permite, además, completar de un modo operativo el ciclo interpretativo de la comprensión de la actividad matemática en el aula. En la práctica, ponemos de manifiesto su presencia con evidencias de los acuerdos que alcanzan dos alumnas de primer curso de educación secundaria con su profesor y sus compañeras durante la resolución de una tarea de divisibilidad de números naturales. Finalizamos la exposición, justificando de qué manera el consentimiento con el otro puede vincularse en nuestro modelo interpretativo con la dimensión social y afectiva de la comprensión en matemáticas.
Manifestaciones de los Profesores de Matemáticas sobre sus Prácticas de Evaluación de la Resolución de Problemas
Authors: Lizarazo Janeth A. Cárdenas , Blanco Nieto Lorenzo J. , Barona Eloísa Guerrero , Carrasco Ana Caballero
Published: June 2016

Resumen La evaluación es uno de los organizadores del currículo que debe formar parte del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, además a través de ella se constata la adquisición de aprendizajes. Conjuntamente, entendemos que resolver problemas es un objetivo de aprendizaje, tal y como se refleja en las propuestas curriculares, por lo que éste se convierte en objeto de evaluación. En nuestra investigación elaboramos un cuestionario sobre la evaluación de la resolución de problemas a partir de las demandas que se hacen en el currículo nacional de matemáticas, y lo aplicamos a 211 profesores de matemáticas de secundaria de Bogotá (Colombia), en busca de analizar los criterios que los profesores dicen considerar al evaluar éste contenido y el nivel de importancia, o de acuerdo, que le otorgan a evaluar cada uno de esos aspectos. Como resultados, encontramos que entre nuestros informantes aunque consideran prioritarias las demandas curriculares en cuanto a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las estrategias heurísticas, su evaluación se centra en el desarrollo de procedimientos meramente mecánicos. Igualmente, destacamos, que aunque se reconoce la importancia de la evaluación de los aspectos afectivos, su evaluación es notablemente menos considerada. Esta investigación forma parte de un proyecto más amplio desarrollado entre el Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y de las Matemáticas y el Departamento de Psicología y Antropología de la Universidad de Extremadura.