bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Kreativitas Anak Melalui Metode Menggambar
Authors: Sasmita Mien , Ratulangi Ratulangi
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas anak melalui metode menggambar di TK Dharma Wanita Lapuko Kabupaten Konawe Selatan.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK).Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Tahap-tahap dalam penelitian ini mengikuti prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas, yaitu: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan tindakan, (3) observasi dan evaluasi, dan (4) refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dan anak di TK Dharma Wanita Lapuko, yang berjumlah 20 orang yang terdiri atas 11 orang anak perempuan dan 9 orang anak laki-laki dengan rentang usia 4 - 6 tahun. Hasil penelitian, kreativitas anak melalui metode menggambar pada siklus I yaitu sebesar 70%.Pada siklus II diperoleh persentase sebesar 85%.Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kreativitas anak dapat ditingkatkan melalui metode menggambar di Taman Kanak-kanak Dharma Wanita Lapuko Kabupaten Konawe Selatan.Kata kunci: Anak, Kreativitas, Metode Menggambar
MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN MENCOCOK POLA GAMBAR
Authors: Sufaeni Sufaeni , Aisyah Aisyah
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan motorik halus melalui kegiatan mencocok pola gambar pada kelompok B di TK Kuncup Bahari Kendari. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dan anak didik di kelompok B1 TK Kuncup Bahari Kendari berjumlah 15 orang yang terdiri dari 11 anak perempuan dan 4 anak laki-laki berusia 5 sampai 6 tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK).Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini mengikuti tahap-tahap, yaitu: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan tindakan, (3) pengamatan, dan (4) refleksi. Berdasarkan analisis data pada siklus I sesuai dengan lembar observasi kegiatan mengajar guru sebanyak 11 aspek yang diamati dan 6 aspek yang telah dicapai guru, diperoleh 54,55%. Sedangkan kegiatan belajar anak sesuai lembar observasi sebanyak 12 aspek dan 6 aspek yang telah dicapai anak, diperoleh 50%. Pada siklus II, aktivitas mengajar guru meningkat menjadi 90,90%, sedangkan kegiatan belajar anak meningkat menjadi 91,67%. Berdasarkan analisis data observasi awal kemampuan motorik halus anak didik sebesar 33,33%. Setelah pelaksanaan tindakan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar anak didik dari siklus I sebesar 53,33% ke siklus II sebesar 86,67%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa keterampilan motorik halus anak dapat ditingkatkan melalui kegiatan mencocok pola gambar di kelompok B TK Kuncup Bahari Kendari.Kata kunci: Keterampilan, Motorik Halus, Mencocok Pola Gambar
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIS-LOGIS MELALUI ALAT PERMAINAN MEMANCING IKAN
Authors: Rahayu Yuni Dwi , Arvyaty Arvyaty
Published: October 2019

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan matematis-logis melalui alat permainan memancing ikan di Kelompok B TK Tunas Mutiara Kendari. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dan anak didik pada kelompok B Taman Kanak-kanak Tunas Mutiara yang berjumlah 15 anak didik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Tahap-tahap dalam penelitian ini mengikuti prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas, yaitu: (1) perencanaan; (2) pelaksanaan; (3) pengamatan; (4) refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi tentang peningkatan kemampuan matematis-logis melalui alat permainan memancing ikan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan berdasarkan analisis hasil belajar anak didik secara klasikal, pada siklus I diperoleh persentase yaitu 60% atau 9 orang dari 15 anak, dimana ada 4 anak yang berada pada kategori Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB) dan 5 anak yang dengan kategori Berkembang Sesuai Harapan (BSH). Pada siklus II diperoleh persentase sebesar 86,66% atau 13 orang dari 15 anak, dimana ada 8 anak yang berada pada kategori Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB) dan 5 anak yang berada pada kategori Berkembang Sesuai Harapan (BSH). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan matematis-logis di kelompok B TK Tunas Mutiara Kendari dapat ditingkatkan melalui alat permainan memancing ikan.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Matematis-Logis, Alat Permainan Memancing Ikan, Anak.
Modern tendencies of marketing activity of institutions of higher education of Ukraine
Authors: Korchynska Olena
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Higher education has been constantly upgrading, competition in the educational services market is intensifying in recent years. This leads to an increase in the role of marketing in the activities of higher education institutions. It is necessary to constantly look for new ways to improve the efficiency of the management of higher education institutions. Such an opportunity exists only with the constant use of marketing and the improvement of its tools. In connection with the mentioned, important and actual tasks of the present time is research and improvement of the methodology of developing an advertising campaign of higher education institutions in order to enable educational institutions to overcome existing problems in their marketing activities and develop this trend in the future.
Methods. Commonly used methods of research are used in the course of the research: dialectic, monographic method, abstract and logical, method of scientific generalization, and specific methods of statistical processing of information.
Results. The article deals with the general situation on the domestic market of educational services. The specifics of advertising activity of educational institutions are revealed, in particular, the necessity to study this issue, due to its urgency and lack of elaboration, is substantiated. Advertising activity is considered as a necessary condition and factor of sustainability, the competitiveness of the educational institution and its success in the education market. It is indicated on the preconditions of reorientation of priorities of educational activity into the sphere of improvement of marketing activity and advertising process of an educational institution, as well as tasks, which should carry out advertising activity in the field of educational services.
Discussion. Further research is planned to be carried out in order to assess the effectiveness of the use of modern marketing tools by higher education institutions.
Keywords: market of educational services, marketing activity, advertising, institutions of higher education, competition, image of educational institution.
Development of the exchange market for agricultural products: current trends and challenges
Authors: Horlachuk Mykola
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The development of the stock market of agricultural products is one of the important theoretical and practical problems of modern economic science and is the result of the effective implementation of economic policy. So far, an agreed theoretical and methodological approach to the interpretation of the stock market as an economic category, as well as its importance and role in the system of coordinates of the modern economic paradigm has not been formed, which determined the relevance of the topic.
Methods. The research is carried out on the basis of the use of the dialectical method, as well as specific methods of conducting research in the framework of methodological tools of modern economic science, in particular, methodological approaches of the Association of the futures industry, which are used in the study of stock market derivatives.
Results The article substantiates the main stages of the evolutionary development of the world stock market and the problem of the establishment of an effective exchange mechanism for the implementation of agricultural products in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the global development of the exchange market of agricultural products are revealed, on the basis of actual economic data, its key tendencies are determined and the hypothesis about the formation of a qualitatively new stage of the functioning of the world stock market, in particular, the market of commodity derivatives for agricultural products, is outlined. The role and place of the domestic stock market of agricultural products is highlighted in general terms, some aspects of its perspective development in Ukraine are outlined.
Discussion. In the context of the possible priorities of designing a modern exchange mechanism, the advantages and economic consequences of the formation of a transparent exchange market of agricultural products are identified: transparency of market relations, reduction of transaction costs, strengthening the process of concentration of the market environment, reducing its asymmetry and stimulating the increase of the efficiency of the functioning of the agrarian market, in general.
Keywords: exchange, stock market of agricultural products, commodity derivatives, futures, options, stock trading.
Regulation of foreign trade relations on the Ukraine grain market
Authors: Voloshyn Roman
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Grain market plays an important role in the system of foreign trade relations of Ukraine. Its benefits are due to the much risk factors, but the advancement of grain in foreign markets requires adjusting of certain regulatory processes.
Methods. Investigation of the aspects of state regulation of various types of processes, which were characterized by the monographic method, taking into account the possibilities of legal regulations, methods of analysis and synthesis - for systematization of the revealed tendencies, statistical methods and methods of regulation.
Results. The article outlines and generalizes the basic directions of regulation of the Ukraine grain market in the context of export potential realization, including improvement of quality standards, product quality and increasing of its value added. The methodological principles of grain market regulation, draws attention to the shortcomings of the regulatory system, proposes areas for improving the regulation of the grain market, which include improving the quality of exported products, increasing its value added and harmonizing standards.
Discussion. Further research in this area should relate to the scientific substantiation of the proposed areas, the formation of an economic and organizational mechanism for their implementation.
Keywords: grain market, state regulation, foreign trade, World Trade Organization, customs tariffs, non-tariff restrictions, free trade area, added value, export.
Influence of political turbulence on economic development of Ukraine
Authors: Marshalok Taras
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The influence of political factors on economic processes in Ukraine is extremely important. Changes in political elites, their use of certain social and economic instruments, types and models, affect the state of social and economic development of the country in the short, medium and long term. That is why research and analysis of the economic situation in political cycles is an important issue that needs to be studied.
Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research are the fundamental positions of modern economic theory, scientific works of scientists on the problems of economic cycles. The general development of the Ukrainian economy under the influence of political factors is analyzed in the course of the research on the basis of the historical approach, as well as the method of analysis and synthesis used to determine the influence of political cycles on the development of the country's economy, abstraction and synthesis, comparison and analogy when comparing the results obtained by researchers and establishing the possibility of their use for carrying out tasks for the prevention of economic imbalances.
Results. The article deals with the influence of political cycles on the economic situation, the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and economic development in Ukraine.
The main problems of economic policy are outlined and recommendations on elimination of economic imbalances and increase of welfare of citizens, increase of efficiency of fiscal measures in Ukraine are developed.
It has been determined that in order to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the economic sphere in the process of elaboration of the economic development strategy for the long-term perspective, it is necessary to involve experts from among the scholars, business circles, expert analytical organizations in forming the directions of implementation of fiscal policy in the long-term perspective, as well as to ensure transparent and open relations. between state authorities and other actors in the social and economic sphere.
Discussion. The study of political transformations and the analysis of their impact on economic fluctuations will enable future researchers to use better the results of their work to prevent economic imbalances in Ukraine.
Keywords: prime minister, politics, economy, gross domestic product, taxes, expenditures, deficit, public debt, inflation, personal incomes, currency rate.
New market opportunities for farmers: state and community support
Authors: Rykovska Oksana
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The agrarian sector of most countries is developing with large state support. Its directions are different and depend on the priorities of intergovernmental policies, such as the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU and strategic goals that are in line with national interests. At the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly, a Resolution United Nations Decade of Family Farming (2019–2028) is approved. The importance of farming problems on the international level aims to provide the basis for promoting a more effective state policy in the field of family farming and contributing to the achievement of food security as the part of sustainable development goals.
Methods. The monographic method (the analysis of Ukrainian scientific researches concerning the issues of increasing the efficiency of sales of agricultural products), scientific knowledge and logical generalization (as regards the harmonization of farmers' production capacities and the needs of budgetary organisations in agricultural products), expert assessments (to justify the mechanism of attracting farmers to public procurement systems), abstract and logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions) are used in the process of research.
Results. The direction of state support of farming through the improvement of the regulatory mechanism for the represent of farms agricultural products to the public procurement market is substantiated. The need of budget organisations in agricultural production is assessed, the mechanism of facilitating access of farmers to the system of public procurement is proposed. The potential opportunities of the united territorial communities in promoting the sale of farm products are substantiated. They are outlined the directions of application of non-price criteria for public procurements of food. It is proposed to establish preferences for farm products in trade networks (supermarkets).
Discussion. Proposals on the organizational and economic mechanism of marketing of farm products through the public procurement market will contribute to the formation of additional stable channels for agricultural products sale. Centralized purchasing of food products for budget organizations will be a significant factor in the development of farming, as well as the direction of providing the population with quality accessible food products.
Keywords: farms, public procurements, sale of agricultural products.
Factors influencing the development of regional infrastructure
Authors: Matskiv Romana
Published: October 2019

Introduction. Infrastructure development plays a key role in the economy, as it is closely linked to the state of productive forces and the territorial division of labor, as well as the efficiency of the sphere of material production. In today's conditions of active decentralization, the development of infrastructure of the united territorial communities and the establishment of ties is a prerequisite for their economic development. Particularly relevant practical tasks are the introduction of modern mechanisms, tools for modernization and balanced development of infrastructure at the local and regional levels.
Methods. The following methods are used to accomplish the research objectives: theoretical generalization, dialectic, and the method of scientific abstraction, comparison, induction and deduction (during theoretical studies, generalizations and formulation of conclusions); analysis (to reveal the current format of problems and trends in the development of infrastructure elements of the region).
Results. The complex of factors determining the development of the region's infrastructure and general approaches to the management of this process is explored. Factors influencing the development of the infrastructure of the region are considered according the point of view of the scientific and practical approach. The issues of formation, sources of financing and infrastructure development in the region are considered in detail. It is emphasized on the need to determine the priorities of infrastructure development.
The general approaches to management of regional infrastructure development are considered. The analysis of the modern format of problems and tendencies of the development of infrastructure elements of the region is carried out. It is established that an effective combination in accordance with priority, importance and necessity of the factors identified in the classification will contribute to elimination of imbalances in the infrastructure development of the regions.
An interconnection between the development of infrastructure and the specifics of industries and regions, and the peculiarities of their productive sphere has been established. The necessity of orientation not in the branch, but on the regional system of management in the conditions of active decentralization is proved.
Discussion. Therefore, it is important to conduct constant and thorough research of these factors in order to determine the strength of their influence, the priority of development, prevention and elimination of possible negative manifestations and enhancement of positive emphases in this process.
Keywords: region, regional infrastructure, factors, group of factors, system of management.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SERBUK EKSTRAK BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa blimbi L.)
Authors: Yanti Sahri , Suksmayu Saputri Dinar
Published: October 2019

The Averrhoa Blimbi L. is spread all over in Indonesia as home garden plant. It has not been yet cultivated and developed its utilization. The utilization of this Averrhoa Blimbi L. that can be attempted is that as an instant powder. This fruit contains of chemical elements functioning as natural antioxidant. This study attempts to investigate the variation concentration of Averrhoa Blimbi L. extract on antioxidant activity by using DPPH (1, 1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) method and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Based on the result of the antioxidant activity test, it is found that different treatment shows different antioxidant activity. At concentration of Averrhoa Blimbi L.: sugar, Y1 (1:1) is -7.8%, Y2 (2:1) is -3.4%, and Y3 (4:1) is 48.4%. This indicates that the more the extract of Averrhoa Blimbi L. is added, the higher antioxidant activity is. The organoleptic test in this study includes colour, aroma, texture, and taste. The most preferred treatment is Y3 (Averrhoa Blimbi L.: sugar: = 4:1). The level of panelist acceptance score on the test parameter is shown as follows: the colour is 2.34 (bright yellow), the aroma is 2.45 (a little bit of sour aroma), the texture is 2.21 (smooth), and the taste is 2.15 (sweet and a bit of sour).
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI ELECTRONIC COMMERCE “KRE ALANG” PADA UKM. KEMANG SATANGE SUMBAWA
Authors: Rodianto  , Caputra Kandidat Febri
Published: October 2019

As time goes on, information and communication technologies have been utilized for the marketing and sale of products through a virtual world that is often called E-commerce. The sales and marketing of products through the virtual world have many advantages, namely the wide coverage, do not know the space and time, can be done anytime and anywhere. E-commerce is therefore worth trying to help develop SMES in Indonesia. Sme. Kemang Satange is a UKM engaged in the weaving cloth typical of Sumbawa (Kre Alang) in sales have not used the website as a media promotion and marketing online. The opportunity in sales business activities of Kre Alang which increased some time was seen by many parties as a promising prospect. Sale of Kre Alang generally in some areas in Indonesia is still done in a simple and classic way. To be able to reach more customers and expand the marketing area as well as promotion Kre Alang, it is needed media that can support promotional activities, and management of sales transactions Kre Alang. Based on the analysis and design of the system that has been done before, the authors can take the conclusion that the Electronic Commerce application "Kre Alang" in SMES. Kemang Satange-based Webhas been completed using the PHP programming language with databaseMySql and Css Bootstrap as a prototype that can be used as input by SME Kemang Satange Desa Poto in facilitating promotion and marketing Handicraft of the people of Kre Alang.
PERANCANGAN MESIN OVEN KEMIRI BERBASIS SOLAR DRYER (MASKIRI-BSD)
Authors: Hamzah Naufal Muhammad , Anggara Mietra , Hidayat Muhamad
Published: October 2019

Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana Willd.) is one of the commodities of non-timber forest products (HHBK) in Batulanteh subdistrict, Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat, with land area in 2015 of 595.7 ha and total production of 285.17 tonnes (BPS, 2017). Post-harvest handling and hazelnut processing are still traditionally done, starting from drying and solving hazelnut. The drying process of candlenuts using direct sunlight takes 1-7 days, while the traditional skin stripping capacity is 5-6 kg per day. High demand with low pecans production resulted in low business efficiency. So it takes a tool that is able to dry the hazelnut by means of a hazelnut Oven-based Solar Dryer (MASKIRI-BSD). MASKIRI-BSD uses a solar collector composed of a wave-shaped absorber plate with a thickness of 0.4 mm with a conductivity value of (k) 11.2 W/M0. In addition, it uses a clear glass cover of 3 mm thick with an 18o collector tilt. This tool uses the frame of aluminum hollow and elbow iron. Maskiri-BSD can produce an average of t out of 82.01 OC from T in of 360c so that, drying pecan only lasts for 1.5-2 days, it is more effective and efficient than traditional drying. The use of MASKIRI-BSD also speeds up the breakeven level obtained, i.e. only within 3 hours or 0.14 times of drying, so that the entrepreneurs get a faster profit.
SISTEM RESI GUDANG KABUPATEN SUMBAWA
Authors: Rahmat Mujibur
Published: October 2019

Research titled the SRG Supply Chain analysis (warehouse receipt system). This is the warehouse receipt, which is located in the village of the country's Bage Tango's Lopok district, Sumbawa District. Based on initial observation, there was no activity in the year 2018. Furthermore, the objectives that will be achieved in this research is the use of farmers on the farm and the concept of SRG and stakeholder view in the SRG. The research method used is interpretive with the type of phenomenology and analysis technique used by Sanders. With a sample of research is farmers who are in the area of Bage Tango and also in the area of the village of leverage, related stakeholders including the Agriculture service and management of the SRG. The result is that there are various obstacles that are not optimal utilization of the SRG, among them the transport factor of the harvest from paddy fields to the warehouse of receipt and lack of information about the SRG. Furthermore, there is the sustainability system of farmers ' lives of the grain exchange financing system as well as the continuity that is fixed in the speed and convenience of the sustainability of the farmer's life. Zero Stok's analysis of supply chains means that the warehouse does not accept farmers ' crops. Hence the proposed improvement of the chain in the delivery phase of agricultural commodities through Bumdes with the assistance of facilities from the local government.
Studi Tafsir Tentang Dimensi Epistemologi Tasawuf
Authors: Bakir Moh
Published: October 2019

Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui hakikat epistemologi tasawuf dan dimensi-dimensinya. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Epistimologi tasawuf adalah studi kursus tentang keterkaitan antara syariah dan hakikat, pengalaman spiritual dengan wahyu. Sumber pengetahuan dan kemampuan potensi-potensi intelektual yang mempersepsikan objek pengetahuan. Epistemologi tasawuf mengakomodasikan pandangan empirisme terhadap realitas eksternal, mengingat status eksistensialnya sebagai data indrawi. Dalam hal ini adalah mengakui wahyu sebagai lingkup pengetahuan yang mencakup keduanya. Berkenaan dengan epistemologi tasawuf, paling tidak ada tiga dimensi, yaitu,dimensi esoterik, adalah dimensi batin manusia yang berada di hati (qalb),dimensi eksoterik,yaitu kepercayaan kepada huruf, teks, atau dogma yang bersifat formalistik, dan dimensi neo-esoterik,yaitu konsep bangunan keilmuan yang dituntut untuk lebih humanistik, empirik dan funsional (penghayatan terhadap ajaran Islam, bukan pada Tuhan).
Metode Tahfidz Al-Qur’an
Authors: Badruzaman Dudi
Published: October 2019

Tulisan ini membahas tentang “Metode Tahfidz al-Qur’an di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda II Kabupaten Ciamis”. Fokus kajiannya adalah metode yang digunakan Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Huda II Kabupaten Ciamis dalam membina santrinya mengikuti tahfizd al-Qur’an. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pondok pesantren Miftahul Huda II  Kabupaten Ciamis menggunakan berbagai metode dalam membina santrinya mengikuti kegiatan tahfizd al-Qur’an, yaitu dengan cara; membaca secara cermat ayat per-ayat al-Qur’an yang akan dihafal dengan melihat mushaf secara berulang-ulang (an- nadzar), menghafal ayat per ayat secara berulang sehingga akhirnya hafal (al-wahdah), menyetorkan atau mendengarkan hafalan yang baru dihafal kepada seorang guru (talaqqi), menghafal sedikit demi sedikit al-Qur’an yang telah dibaca secara berulang-ulang (takrir) dan mendengarkan hafalan kepada orang lain, baik kepada teman maupun kepada jama’ah lain (tasmi’).

Kata kunci: al-qur’an, tahfidz, dan pondok pesantren
La promesa de gobierno abierto, de Andrés Hofmann, Alvaro Ramírez- Alujas y José Antonio Bojórquez Perezniet
Authors: González Beltrones Adria Velia
Published: October 2019

Al decir de los autores, la pretensión teleológica del texto lo fue "albergar en una sola obra, una suerte de estado del arte en materia de gobierno abierto, que sirva como base, referencia y orientación para aquellos que toman decisiones en el ámbito gubernamental, reflexionan desde la investigación académica, y lo promueven desde la sociedad civil y la ciudadanía".1 Y, dado que la idea del gobierno abierto como política pública se encuentra en pleno proceso de construcción; se espera que el lector identifique interrogantes y respuestas posibles que conduzcan hacia la implementación de políticas de Estado relacionadas con el gobierno abierto.
Evaluación de Impacto de las estrategias de apertura y reutilización de Datos Públicos, de Alberto Abella
Authors: Apodaca Flores Esthela Hermogenez
Published: October 2019

La apertura de datos públicos y la posibilidad de su reutilización constituyen elementos claves para asegurar la transparencia, y una oportunidad de negocio para las organizaciones privadas. La transparencia y la rendición de cuentas son pilares del gobierno abierto, junto con la disposición a colaboración ciudadana y a la participación. Son pocas las entidades públicas que puedan asegurar, cuantitativamente los beneficios de sus políticas de apertura de datos públicos, además de que en muchos casos aparecen mezcladas con otras iniciativas, como la rendición de cuentas y la trasparencia.
Formas alternativas de justicia
Authors: Delgado Saldivar Daniel
Published: October 2019

Las coyunturas nacionales e internacionales, derivadas de la interacción economía-tecnología-sociedad, parecen haber provocado un aumento significativo de la ineficiencia de los operadores de justicia tradicional en muchos países, además de incentivar la estructuración de nuevas modalidades de tratamiento de conflictos y controversias. El gobierno mexicano ha disciplinado tales formas alternativas de Justicia a través de Leyes específicas, priorizando algunos mecanismos, cuyos requisitos, características y principales obstáculos se exponen en este trabajo.
Eastern Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference 2018
Authors: Hyde A. J. , Nassabein R. , AlShareef A. , Armstrong D. , Babak S. , Berry S. , Bossé D. , Chen E. , Colwell B. , Essery C. , Goel R. , Goodwin R. , Gray S. , Hammad N. , Jeyakuymar A. , Jonker D. , Karanicolas P. , Lamond N. , Letourneau R. , Michael J. , Patil N. , Powell E. , Ramjeesingh R. , Saliba W. , Singh R. , Snow S. , Stuckless T. , Tadros S. , Tehfé M. , Thana M. , Thirlwell M. , Vickers M. , Virik K. , Welch S. , Asmis Tim
Published: October 2019

The annual Eastern Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference was held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, 20–22 September 2018. Experts in radiation oncology, medical oncology, surgical oncology, and pathology who are involved in the management of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies participated in presentations and discussion sessions for the purpose of developing the recommendations presented here. This consensus statement addresses multiple topics in the management of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, hepatocellular cancer, and rectal and colon cancer, including (1) surgical management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, (2) adjuvant and metastatic systemic therapy options in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, (3) the role of radiotherapy in the management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, (4) systemic therapy in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, (5) updates in systemic therapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, (6) optimum duration of adjuvant systemic therapy for colorectal cancer, and (7) sequence of therapy in oligometastatic colorectal cancer.
OCTANE (Ontario-Wide Cancer Targeted Nucleic Acid Evaluation): A Platform for Intraprovincial, National, and International Clinical Data-Sharing
Authors: Malone E. R. , Saleh R. R. , Yu C. , Ahmed L. , Pugh T. , Torchia J. , Bartlett J. , Virtanen C. , Hotte S. J. , Hilton J. , Welch S. , Robinson A. , McCready E. , Lo B. , Sadikovic B. , Feilotter H. , Hanna T. P. , Kamel-Reid S. , Stockley T. L. , Siu L. L. , Bedard Philippe L.
Published: October 2019

Cancer is a genetic disease resulting from germline or somatic genetic aberrations. Rapid progress in the field of genomics in recent years is allowing for increased characterization and understanding of the various forms of the disease. The Ontario-wide Cancer Targeted Nucleic Acid Evaluation (octane) clinical trial, open at cancer centres across Ontario, aims to increase access to genomic sequencing of tumours and to facilitate the collection of clinical data related to enrolled patients and their clinical outcomes. The study is designed to assess the clinical utility of next-generation sequencing (ngs) in cancer patient care, including enhancement of treatment options available to patients. A core aim of the study is to encourage collaboration between cancer hospitals within Ontario while also increasing international collaboration in terms of sharing the newly generated data. The single-payer provincial health care system in Ontario provides a unique opportunity to develop a province-wide registry of ngs testing and a repository of genomically characterized, clinically annotated samples. It also provides an important opportunity to use province-wide real-world data to evaluate outcomes and the cost of ngs for patients with advanced cancer. The octane study is attempting to translate knowledge to help deliver precision oncology in a Canadian environment. In this article, we discuss the background to the study and its implementation, current status, and future directions.
Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity
Authors: Kirpal Dominik J , Pürckhauer Korbinian , Weymouth Alfred J , Giessibl Franz J
Published: October 2019

Surfaces exposed to air can change their structure due to external influences such as chemical reactions or material exchange and movement. The adsorbed water layer that is present under ambient conditions plays an important role especially for highly soluble materials. Surface atoms can easily diffuse into the thin water layer and, when surface conditions are favorable, they can re-attach to the surface. We collected atomic force microscopy images of KBr surfaces in a humidity-controlled glove box at various relative humidities below 40%. By scratching and poking the surface with the AFM tip, we constructed energetically unfavorable holes or scratch sites and material accumulations and recorded the evolution of these defects as a function of the time. We observed an exponential decay of the size of the defects and material accumulations, and from this data we determined energy barriers to dissolution and aggregation of approximately 0.9 eV.
Safe and highly efficient adaptation of potentially explosive azide chemistry involved in the synthesis of Tamiflu using continuous-flow technology
Authors: Sagandira Cloudius R , Watts Paul
Published: October 2019

Tamiflu is one of the most effective anti-influenza drugs, which is currently manufactured by Hoffmann-La Roche from shikimic acid. Owing to its importance, more than 60 synthetic routes have been developed to date, however, most of the synthetic routes utilise the potentially hazardous azide chemistry making them not green, thus not amenable to easy scale up. Consequently, this study exclusively demonstrated safe and efficient handling of potentially explosive azide chemistry involved in a proposed Tamiflu route by taking advantage of the continuous-flow technology. The azide intermediates were safely synthesised in full conversions and >89% isolated yields.
Constructing a Measure of Anesthesia Intensity Using Cross-Sectional Claims Data
Authors: Gillen Emily , Coomer Nicole M. , Beadles Christopher , Mills Amy
Published: October 2019

With intensifying emphasis on episodes of care and bundled payments for surgical admissions, anesthesia expenditures are increasingly important in assessing variation in expenditures for surgical episodes. When comparing anesthesia expenditures across surgical settings, adjustment for anesthesia case complexity and duration of anesthesia services, also known as anesthesia service intensity, is desirable. A single anesthesia intensity measure allows researchers to make more direct comparisons between anesthesia outcomes across settings and services. We describe a process for creating a claims-based anesthesia intensity measure using Medicare claims. We create the measure using two fields: base units associated with American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology codes on the anesthesia claim and time units associated with the service. We rescaled the time component of the anesthesia intensity measure to equally represent base units and time units. For illustration, we applied the measure to Medicare anesthesia expenditures stratified by rural/urban location. We found that adjustments for intensity were greater in urban settings because the level of intensity is greater. Compared with rural settings, unadjusted expenditures in urban settings are roughly 26 percent higher, whereas adjusted expenditures in urban settings are only 20 percent higher. Even absent longitudinal data, researchers can adjust anesthesia outcomes for intensity using our cross-sectional claims-based intensity method.
A Search for Short-term Hard X-Ray Bursts in the Direction of the Repeating FRB 121102
Authors: Sun Shangyu , Yu Wenfei , Yu Yunwei , Mao Dongming , Lin Jie
Published: October 2019

The nature of fast radio bursts (FRBs), which occur on millisecond timescales in the radio band, is well-understood. Among their unknown observational properties are their broadband spectra, and persistent and transient multiwavelength counterparts. Well-localized FRBs provide the opportunity to address these issues in archival observations. We performed searches for 15–150 keV hard X-ray bursts on timescales as short as 1 ms in the direction of the repeating FRB 121102 (with a spacial resolution of a few arcminutes) in the archival Swift/BAT data between 2016 October and 2017 September. We found no significant (5σ) hard X-ray bursts in the direction of the repeating FRB. We derived an upper limit of the hard X-ray (15–150 keV) flux of any X-ray bursts on a 1 ms timescale of around 1.01 × 10−7 erg cm−2 s−1, if assuming a photoindex of 2 for potential X-ray flares in the X-ray band. A plausible scenario for the repeating FRB as being associated with a magnetar giant flare is still far below the upper limit.
Signatures of Tidal Disruption in Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies: A Combined HST, Gaia, and MMT/Hectochelle Study of Leo V
Authors: Mutlu-Pakdil Burçin , Sand David J. , Walker Matthew G. , Caldwell Nelson , Carlin Jeffrey L. , Collins Michelle L. , Crnojević Denija , Mateo Mario , Olszewski Edward W. , Seth Anil C. , Strader Jay , Willman Beth , Zaritsky Dennis
Published: October 2019

The ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Leo V has shown both photometric overdensities and kinematic members at large radii, along with a tentative kinematic gradient, suggesting that it may have undergone a close encounter with the Milky Way. We investigate these signs of disruption through a combination of (i) high precision photometry obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), (ii) two epochs of stellar spectra obtained with the Hectochelle Spectrograph on the MMT, and (iii) measurements from the Gaia mission. Using the HST data, we examine one of the reported stream-like overdensities at large radii, and conclude that it is not a true stellar stream, but instead a clump of foreground stars and background galaxies. Our spectroscopic analysis shows that one known member star is likely a binary, and challenges the membership status of three others, including two distant candidates that had formerly provided evidence for overall stellar mass loss. We also find evidence that the proposed kinematic gradient across Leo V might be due to small number statistics. We update the systemic proper motion of Leo V, finding

, −0.777 ± 0.314) mas yr−1, which is consistent with its reported orbit that did not put Leo V at risk of being disturbed by the Milky Way. These findings remove most of the observational clues that suggested Leo V was disrupting; however, we also find new plausible member stars, two of which are located >5 half-light radii from the main body. These stars require further investigation. Therefore, the nature of Leo V still remains an open question.
A Search for Intrinsic H i 21 cm and OH 18 cm Absorption toward Compact Radio Sources
Authors: Grasha Kathryn , Darling Jeremy , Bolatto Alberto , Leroy Adam K. , Stocke John T.
Published: October 2019

We present the results of a large search for intrinsic H i 21 cm and OH 18 cm absorption in 145 compact radio sources in the redshift range 0.02 < z < 3.8 with the Green Bank Telescope. We redetect H i 21 cm absorption toward six known absorption systems, but detect no new H i or OH absorption in 102 interference-free sources. Seventy-nine sources have not previously been observed for H i 21 cm absorption. We recover a mean optical depth limit of τ
3σ
 < 0.023 for all the nondetections in the survey. Our results do not support the high intrinsic absorption rates found by previous studies in compact radio sources at low redshift. Our results do, however, support the hypothesis proposed by Curran et al. that high ultraviolet (UV) luminosity active galactic nuclei do not show intrinsic H i 21 cm absorption, confirming a threshold of L
UV = 1023 W Hz−1, above which our intrinsic absorption fraction is zero (54 sources). The exact nature of the UV luminosity effect on H i absorption systems remains ambiguous. We additionally find no statistical correlation between the 1.4 GHz radio luminosity or the source size and the 21 cm absorption detection rate. We attribute the lack of intrinsic absorption in our survey to the UV luminosity effect caused by an optical selection bias and a decreased column density sensitivity with increasing redshift due to lower radio continuum flux densities, high radio frequency interference, and higher telescope system temperatures at low frequencies.
Collapse of the General Circulation in Shortwave-absorbing Atmospheres: An Idealized Model Study
Authors: Kang Wanying , Wordsworth Robin
Published: October 2019

The response of the general circulation in a dry atmosphere to various atmospheric shortwave absorptivities is investigated in a three-dimensional general circulation model with gray radiation. Shortwave absorption in the atmosphere reduces the incoming radiation reaching the surface but warms the upper atmosphere, significantly shifting the habitable zone toward the star. The strong stratification under high shortwave absorptivity suppresses the Hadley cell in a manner that matches previous Hadley cell scalings. General circulation changes may be observable through cloud coverage and superrotation. The equatorial superrotation in the upper atmosphere strengthens with the shortwave opacity, as predicted based on the gradient wind of the radiative–convective equilibrium profile. There is a sudden drop of equatorial superrotation at very low shortwave opacity. This is because the Hadley cell in those cases are strong enough to fill the entire troposphere with zero momentum air from the surface. A diurnal cycle (westward motion of substellar point relative to the planet) leads to acceleration of the equatorial westerlies in general, through the enhancement of the equatorward eddy momentum transport, but the response is not completely monotonic, perhaps due to the resonance of tropical waves and the diurnal forcing.
Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in the Northwestern of Morocco
Authors: Elmouaden Chaimae , Laglaoui Amin , Ennanei Latifa , Bakkali Mohammed , Abid Mohammed
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ubiquitous bacterium causes various community-acquired and nosocomial infections. In this investigation, we aimed to screen the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the prevalence of virulence factor genes in a set of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from nosocomial and community-acquired infections in the Northwestern of Morocco.

Methodology: A total of 155 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were collected (January 2015 - December 2016) from nosocomial and community-acquired infections at hospital centers and clinical laboratories in the Northwestern of Morocco. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the standard disk diffusion method. In addition, PCR assays were used for screening five virulence encoding genes (lasB, algD, plcH, exoA, and exoS).

Results: Our results revealed that high level of antimicrobial resistance was detected towards aztreonam (27.1%) followed by meropenem (14.2%). The resistance to imipenem was significantly higher in strains isolated from nosocomial infections (12.7%) than strains isolated from community-acquired infections (1.5%). The results highlighted that lasB (98.7%) and exoS (98.7%) were the most frequent virulence genes.

Conclusions: This survey provides data about phenotypic and genotypic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa emerged in the Northwestern of Morocco. It could be helpful for the health workers to improve infection control measures and to establish a surveillance system.
Ascaris lumbricoides infection: Still a threat for iron deficiency anaemia in 2-year-old Bangladeshi slum-dwelling children
Authors: Hossain Md. Shabab , Das Subhasish , Gazi Md. Amran , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Although parasitic infections lead to extracorporeal iron loss resulting in iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), data associating IDA with parasitic infections in the first two years of life are limited. We sought to evaluate the prevalence and severity of anaemia and IDA during this period and to investigate the association between intestinal parasitic infections and IDA.

Methodology: Data was collected under MAL-ED study protocol in Bauniabadh slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The presence of parasites in stool was detected using wet preparation microscopy at 7, 15, and 24 months. Anaemia was defined as serum haemoglobin < 11 g/dL and IDA was defined by serum haemoglobin < 11 g/dL, serum ferritin < 12 g/L and soluble transferrin receptor > 8.3 mg/L. Logistic regression was done to quantify the relation between stool parasite and IDA separately on samples collected at 7, 15 and 24 months.

Results: 265 children were enrolled after birth and samples were collected at 7, 15 and 24 months. Anaemia was detected at 7, 15 and 24 months in 117 (48.8%), 106 (44.2%) and 67 (27.9%) cases whereas IDA was found in 15 (6.3%), 47 (19.6%) and 39 (16.3%) cases, respectively. Iron deficiency anaemia at 24 months was significantly associated with Ascaris lumbricoides infection (OR 3.76; 95 % CI, 1.08-13.11).

Conclusions: The prevalence of anaemia and IDA in slum dwelling children of Dhaka is high and Ascaris lumbricoides infection was found to have a strong association with IDA at 24 months of age.
A deafening silence: a lack of data and reproducibility in published bioacoustics research?
Authors: Baker Ed , Vincent Sarah
Published: October 2019

A study of 100 papers from five journals that make use of bioacoustic recordings shows that only a minority (21%) deposit any of the recordings in a repository, supplementary materials section or a personal website. This lack of deposition hinders re-use of the raw data by other researchers, prevents the reproduction of a project's analyses and confirmation of its findings and impedes progress within the broader bioacoustics community. We make some recommendations for researchers interested in depositing their data.
Three new species and a new combination of Triblidium
Authors: Lv Tu , Hou Cheng-Lin , Johnston Peter R.
Published: October 2019

Triblidiaceae (Rhytismatales) currently consists of two genera: Triblidium and Huangshania. Triblidium is the type genus and is characterised by melanized apothecia that occur scattered or in small clusters on the substratum, cleistohymenial (opening in the mesohymenial phase), inamyloid thin-walled asci and hyaline muriform ascospores. Before this study, only the type species, Triblidium caliciiforme, had DNA sequences in the NCBI GenBank. In this study, six specimens of Triblidium were collected from China and France and new ITS, mtSSU, LSU and RPB2 sequences were generated. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological study demonstrated three new species of Triblidium, which are formally described here: T. hubeiense, T. rostriforme and T. yunnanense. Additionally, our results indicated that Huangshania that was considered to be distinct from Triblidium because of its elongated, transversely-septate ascospores, is congeneric with Triblidium. Therefore, we have placed Huangshania in synonymy under Triblidium, rendering Triblidiaceae a monotypic family.