bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Directive Speech Acts in Indonesian Language Learning in Surakarta Citizens' High Schools
Authors: Nahak Siprianus , Sarwiji Suwandi  , Nugraheni Eko Wardani
Published: February 2020

The directive speech act in learning is speech act concerned on the conversation context. Conversation context aimed includes with whom, to whom, what, and how the speech delivered, therefore it mush be concerned by teacher and student in learning process. This research is conducted to describe directive speech act and between teacher with student and student with student in Indonesian learning at Surakarta Citizens' High Schools. The purpose of this research is to know the directive speech act in Indonesian learning process. The method conducted of this research is qualitative descriptive. The object of this research includes speech between teacher with student and student with student involved in Indonesian learning process. The data collecting technique of this research is conducted by: observation, recording, and note. The data analysis of this research is describing the recording value, data reduction, data interpretation, and summarising. Based on research value at Surakarta Citizens' High Schools, shows that directive speech act conducted by the teacher with student more dominant is done by teacher. It happens because the teacher as good figure of speaking and polite in speech.

 

Keywords: directive speech act, Indonesian  learning

 

Abstrak

Tindak tutur direktif dalam pembelajaran merupakan tindak berbahasa yang memperhatikan konteks pembicaraan. Konteks pembicaraan yang dimaksud berkaitan dengan siapa, kepada siapa, apa, dan bagaimana tuturan itu disampaikan oleh karena itu, menjadi perhatian untuk guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan tindak tutur direktif antara guru dengan siswa dan siswa dengan siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA Warga Surakarta. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tindak tutur direktif dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dekriptif kualitatif. Objek dalam penelitian ini mencakup tuturan antara guru dengan siswa dan siswa dengan siswa. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa yang terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara: pengamatan, perekaman, pencatatan. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan hasil rekaman, reduksi data, interpretasi data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di SMA Warga Surakarta menunjukan bahwa, penggunaan tindak tutur direktif yang dilakukan oleh guru dan siswa lebih dominan adalah guru. Hal ini terjadi karena guru sebagai contoh yang baik dalam bertutur dan santun dalam berbahasa.

 

Kata kunci: tindak tutur direktif, pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia
Pengaruh two stay three stray terhadap kecerdasan linguistik siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hakim Arief Rahman , Gutama Andika
Published: February 2020

Proses pembelajaran yang baik harus mampu membuat siswa menjadi bersemangat dan berperan aktif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Two Stay Three Stray terhadap kecerdasan linguistik siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif quasy eksperimen dengan sampel 50 siswa kelas IV SDN Lumbang II Kecamatan Lumbang Kabupaten Probolinggo. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah observasi dan angket. Teknik analisis data menggunakan independent Sample t-test. Hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai signifikasi sebesar 0,044 dan Ha diterima. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa ada pengaruh signifikan antara model pembelajaran Two Stay Three Stray Stray terhadap kecerdasan linguistik siswa
Ghost cell glaucoma after intravitreous injection of ranibizumab in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: XU Jun , ZHAO Meng , LI Jipeng , LIU Ningpu
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: The development of ghost cell glaucoma in patients with PDR after intravitreous injection was rare. Here we reported a series of patients with PDR who received Intravitreous Ranibizumab (IVR) and developed ghost cell glaucoma and analyzed the potential factors that might be related to the development of ghost cell glaucoma.METHODS: Retrospective case series study. The medical records of 71 consecutive eyes of 68 PDR patients who received vitrectomy after IVR from January 2015 to January 2017 were reviewed. The development of ghost cell glaucoma after IVR was recorded. Characteristics of enrolled patients were retrieved from their medical charts. Factors associated with ghost cell glaucoma were compared between eyes with the development of ghost cell glaucoma and eyes without the development of ghost cell glaucoma. Variables were further enrolled in a binary backward stepwise logistic regression model, and the model that had the lowest AIC was chosen. RESULTS: There were 8 out of 71 eyes of the PDR patients developed ghost cell glaucoma after they received IVR. The interval between detection of elevation of intraocular pressure ( IOP ) and intravitreous injection ranged from 0 to 2 days. Among them, After IVR, there were two eyes had IOP greater than 30mmHg within 30 minutes, four eyes showed normal IOP at 30 min, and then developed ghost cell glaucoma within 1 day, two eyes developed ghost cell glaucoma between 24 and 48 hours. The mean maximum IOP was 46.5±8.0 mmHg. All patients gained normal IOP after vitrectomy without medicine for lowering IOP. The presence of ghost cell glaucoma was associated with tractional retinal detachment (RR= 4.60 [2.02~8.48], p= 0.004) and fibrovascular membrane involving disk (RR=-3.57 [-7.59~-0.92], p=0.03) (AIC= 39.23，AUC=0.88) in a logistic regression model.CONCLUSION: Attention to postoperative IOP should be paid to patients with PDR undergoing vitrectomy who receive a preoperative intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF agents. PDR patients with tractional retinal detachment or fibrovasucular membrane involving optic disc are more likely to develop ghost cell glaucoma after IVR.
Users’ Acceptance of Electronic Patient Portals in Lebanon
Authors: Honein-AbouHaidar Gladys , Antoun Jumana , Badr Karim , Hlais Sani , Nazaretian Houry
Published: February 2020

Background Acceptance of Electronic patient portal (EPP) is instrumental for its success. Studies on users’ acceptance in the Middle East region are scarce. This study aims to use the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a framework to quantitatively describe potential users' intention to use and factors influencing the intention to use EPP. We concurrently test the internal construct validity and the reliability of the TAM. Methods A cross-sectional survey design and the vignette approach were used. For validation, we needed a minimum of 180 patients; all 35 attending physicians and 11 registered nurses were targeted. We used descriptive statistics to calculate the intention to use EPP and its determinants based on the TAM constructs. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to estimate significant path coefficients for patients only as the sample size of providers was too small. Results We had 199 patients, half intended to use EPP; 73% of providers (N=17) intended to use EPP. Perceived ease of use and privacy concerns were significantly higher among providers than patients (Mean (M) = 0.77 vs M= 0.42 (CI: -0.623 ; -0.081)) and (M=3.67 vs M=2.13, CI: -2.16; -0.91) respectively; other constructs were not significantly different. Reliability of TAM revealed a Cronbach Alpha of α=.91. EFA showed that three components explained 73.48% of the variance: Behavioral Intention of Use (14.9%), Perceived Ease of Use (50.74%), Perceived Usefulness (7.84%). SEM found that perceived ease of use increased perceived usefulness (standardized regression weight=0.49); perceived usefulness (0.51) had more predictive value than perceived ease of use (0.27) to explain the behavioral intention of use of the EPP. Conclusions We found that providers valued the usefulness of EPP and were mostly intending to use it. This finding has yet to be tested in future studies testing actual use as intention and actual use may not be concordant. The intention to use among patients was lower than those reported in developed countries. We identified two factors that we need to address to increase use, namely perceived ease and usefulness, and proposed practical implications to address them; future research directions were also discussed.
Determinants of Clean Birthing Practices in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: a Scoping Review
Authors: Mills Joanna Esteves , Flynn Erin , Cumming Oliver , Dreibelbis Robert
Published: February 2020

Background Infection is a leading cause of maternal and newborn mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Clean birthing practices are fundamental to infection prevention efforts, but these are inadequate in LMIC. This scoping study reviews the literature on studies that describe determinants of clean birthing practices of healthcare workers or mothers during the perinatal period in LMIC. Methods We reviewed literature published between January 2000 and February 2018 providing information on behaviour change interventions, behaviours or behavioural determinants during the perinatal period in LMIC. Following a multi-stage screening process, we extracted key data manually from studies. We mapped identified determinants according to the COM-B behavioural framework, which posits that behaviour is shaped by three categories of determinants – capability, opportunity and motivation. Results 78 studies were included: 47 observational studies and 31 studies evaluating an intervention. 51% had a household or community focus, 28% had a healthcare facility focus and 21% focused on both. We identified 31 determinants of clean birthing practices. Determinants related to clean birthing practices as a generalised set of behaviours featured in 50 studies; determinants related specifically to one or more of six predefined behaviours – commonly referred to as “the six cleans” – featured in 31 studies. Determinants of hand hygiene (n=13) and clean cord care (n=11) were most commonly reported. Reported determinants across all studies clustered around psychological capability (knowledge) and physical opportunity (access to resources). However, greater heterogeneity in reported behavioural determinants was found across studies investigating specific clean birthing practices compared to those studying clean birthing as a generalised set of behaviours. Conclusions Efforts to combine clean birthing practices into a single suite of behaviours – such as the “six cleans”– may simplify policy and advocacy efforts. However, each clean practice has a unique set of determinants and understanding what drives or hinders the adoption of these individual practices is critical to designing more effective interventions to improve hygiene behaviours and neonatal and maternal health outcomes in LMIC. Current understanding in this regard remains limited. More theory-grounded formative research is required to understand motivators and social influences across different contexts.
Expert Curation of the Human and Mouse Olfactory Receptor Gene Repertoires Identifies Conserved Coding Regions Split Across Two Exons
Authors: Barnes If Habib Ahmed , Ibarra-Soria Ximena , Fitzgerald Stephen , Gonzalez Jose Manuel , Davidson Claire , Hardy Matthew Philip , Manthravadi Deepa , Gerven Laura Van , Jorissen Mark , Zeng Zhen , Khan Mona , Mombaerts Peter , Harrow Jennifer , Logan Darren William , Frankish Adam
Published: February 2020

Background: Olfactory receptor (OR) genes are the largest multi-gene family in the mammalian genome, with 874 in human and 1483 loci in mouse (including pseudogenes). The expansion of the OR gene repertoire has occurred through numerous duplication events followed by diversification, resulting in a large number of highly similar paralogous genes. These characteristics have made the annotation of the complete OR gene repertoire a complex task. Most OR genes have been predicted in silico and are typically annotated as intronless coding sequences. Results: Here we have developed an expert curation pipeline to analyse and annotate every OR gene in the human and mouse reference genomes. By combining evidence from structural features, evolutionary conservation and experimental data, we have unified the annotation of these gene families, and have systematically determined the protein-coding potential of each locus. We have defined the non-coding regions of many OR genes, enabling us to generate full-length transcript models. We found that 13 human and 41 mouse OR loci have coding sequences that are split across two exons. These split OR genes are conserved across mammals, and are expressed at the same level as protein-coding OR genes with an intronless coding region. Our findings challenge the long-standing and widespread notion that the coding region of a vertebrate OR gene is contained within a single exon.Conclusions: This work provides the most comprehensive curation effort of the human and mouse OR gene repertoires to date. The complete annotation has been integrated into the GENCODE reference gene set, for immediate availability to the research community.
DKK3 attenuates JNK and AP-1 induced inflammation via Kremen-1 and DVL-1 in mice following intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Yang , Nowrangi Derek , Liang Hui , Wang Tian , Yu Lingyan , Lu Tai , Lu Zhengyang , Zhang John H. , Luo Benyan , Tang Jiping
Published: February 2020

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating stroke subtype, with a poor prognosis and few proven treatments. Neuroinﬂammation is associated with ICH-induced brain injury and unfavorable outcomes. There is growing evidence that Dickkopf (DKK) 3 plays a key role in the adaptive anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective responses following intracerebral hemorrhage. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of DKK3 against brain edema and neuroinflammation in a mice model of ICH. Methods: Male, adult CD1 mice were subjected to sham or ICH surgery using a collagenase injection model. ICH animals received either recombinant DKK3, Kremen-1 siRNA, or DVL-1 siRNA. The neurobehavioral deficits were evaluated at 24 h, 72 h, and 28 days after ICH induction. Western blot and immunofluorescence were employed to examine the expression and localization of DKK3, Kremen-1, Dishevelled-1 (DVL-1), c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), Activator protein-1 (AP-1), cleaved caspase-1, NF-κB, and IL-1β in the brain. Results: The expression of endogenous DKK3 and DVL-1 was transiently decreased after ICH compared to that in the sham group. Compared to the mice of ICH, exogenous rDKK3 administration reduced the brain water content and affected the neurological functions in ICH mice. Moreover, DKK3 was colocalized with Kremen-1 in microglia. Using a Kremen-1 or DVL-1 siRNA-induced in vivo knockdown approach, we demonstrated that the effects of DKK3 against ICH were mediated , at least partly, by the Kremen-1 and DVL-1 pathways. Conclusions: DKK3 improves the neurological outcomes, potentially by decreasing JNK/AP-1 mediated inflammation, thereby ameliorating the short- and long-term sequelae after ICH.
Small intestinal microbiota composition and the prognosis of infants with ileostomy resulting from distinct primary diseases
Authors: Qian Tian , Zhu Haitao , Zhu Li , Chen Chao , Shen Chun , Zhang Rong
Published: February 2020

Background: Studies of microbiota composition of infants with small intestinal ostomy due to various etiologies are limited. Here, we characterized the intestinal microbiota of infants with ileostomy resulting from distinct primary diseases. Methods: Fifteen patients with necrotizing enterocolitis, eight patients with meconium peritonitis, and seven patients with Hirschsprung's disease were included in the study. The small intestinal microbiota composition in infants with ileostomy caused by these diseases was studied. Results: Microbial diversity in infantile ileostomy fluid was generally low, and was dominated by members of the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phyla. At the genus level, the most abundant were Klebsiella, Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus. Streptococcus and Veillonella are related to carbohydrate metabolism and immunity, and breastfeeding can increase the proportion of these potentially beneficial bacteria. The proportion of Bifidobacterium in the breastfeeding group was higher than that in the non-breastfeeding group, and incidence of colitis and sepsis was significantly reduced in the breastfeeding group. The increase in body weight in the breastfeeding group was observed to be higher than in the non-breastfeeding group. Conclusions: Excessive Klebsiella and Escherichia-Shigella and low abundance of Streptococcus, Veillonella and Faecalibacterium suggests that the small intestinal microbiota is in an unhealthy state after ileostomy. However, Streptococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Veillonella species were frequently present, suggesting that expansion of these bacteria might assist the development of the immune system after surgery.
LIVE/DEAD™ Fixable Near-IR Cell Viability Assay
Authors: Faber Samantha C. , McCullough Shaun
Published: February 2020

This protocol is used to determine the viability of cells prior to the fixation and permeabilization required for intracellular antibody staining or prior to elimination of biohazardous materials using formaldehyde fixation. The attached methods document is a formal version of the information included here.Disclaimer: The contents of this article have been reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication and do not necessarily represent Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use.
Isolation of Total RNA with the Life Technologies PureLink Kit
Authors: McNabb Nicole A. , McCullough Shaun D.
Published: February 2020

This protocol describes the use of the Life Technologies PureLink RNA isolation kit for the isolation and purification of total RNA from cells grown in culture. Notes describing specific modifications for use with the Trans-Epithelial Exposure Model are included.The attached methods document is a formal version of the information included hereDisclaimer: The contents of this article have been reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication and do not necessarily represent Agency policy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendations for use.
Autogeny in Culiseta longiareolata (Culicidae: Diptera) Mosquitoes in Laboratory Conditions in Iran
Authors: Khaligh Fereshteh Ghahvechi , Naghian Abdollah , Soltanbeiglou Shadiyeh , Gholizadeh Saber
Published: February 2020

Objectives Culiseta longiareolata is a cosmopolitan species and has implicated in the transmission of avian malaria, tularemia, and arboviruses. Despite the wide distribution of Cs. longiareolata in Iran, little is known about its biology and physiology. The current research was conducted to study the autogeny behavior in this potential vector. During 2018, larvae and pupae were collected from Nazloo region in Urmia City using standard methods. Mosquitoes were reared in cages and fed by 5% sugar in laboratory conditions and were then dissected in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) under a stereo microscope.ResultsIn total, 230 adult female Cs. longiareolata mosquitoes were dissected. Egg rafts were observed in the ovary of only 10.86% unfed female mosquitoes. Autogeny behavior is a significant factor in the growth of population without a blood feeding. Therefore, it is necessary to study how autogenous reproduction affects mosquito-borne diseases.
The effectiveness of mindfulness on quality of life of women with premature menopause: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Pyri Fatemeh , Abedi Parvin , Maraghi Elham , Jashreh Maryam Gholamzadeh
Published: February 2020

Background: Premature menopause may impair the quality of life and expose women to disorders such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and depression. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness on the quality of life of women with premature menopause. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study in which 62 women were recruited and randomly allocated in two groups of mindfulness and control. The mindfulness group received eight sessions of training. A demographic questionnaire, Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) and a checklist (for assessing frequency and intensity of hot flashes) were used to collect data. The quality of life, frequency, and intensity of hot flashes measured at baseline, after eight weeks and in three months follow-up. The Independent t-test, the chi-square test, and the repeated measure test were used for analyzing data. Results: The score of quality of life was significantly improved after the intervention and in three months follow-up in the mindfulness group compared to the control group (p<0.001). The scores of vasomotor, psychological, physical, and sexual domains also improved significantly in the mindfulness group compared to the control group. The severity and the frequency of hot flashes were significantly reduced in the mindfulness group in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that eight weeks of mindfulness training could significantly improve the quality of life and also could reduce the frequency and intensity of hot flashes in women with premature menopause. Using mindfulness for women with premature menopause is recommended.
Observational Study Comparing Efficacy and Safety Between Preoperative Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Patients with Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yeh Yung-Sung , Huang Ming-Yii , Ma Cheng-Jen , Huang Ching-Wen , Tsai Hsiang-Lin , Chen Yen-Cheng , Li Ching-Chun , Yu Fang-Jung , Shih Hsiang-Yao , Wang Jaw-Yuan
Published: February 2020

Background Dismal outcomes in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (GC) highlights the need for effective systemic neoadjuvant treatment strategies to improve clinical results. Neoadjuvant multimodality strategies vary widely. This study compared the efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes of preoperative neoadjuvant CCRT and chemotherapy for such patients. Methods Sixty-five patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic GC following neoadjuvant CCRT or computed tomography (CT) were retrospectively enrolled between January 2010 and April 2019. Clinical outcomes included response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), and toxicity was compared between the two groups. Results Of the 65 patients, 18 (27.7%) were in the response group (2 patients with complete response and 16 with partial response) and 47 (72.3%) in the nonresponse group (29 patients with stable disease and 18 with progressive disease). Multivariate analysis revealed no independent response predictor between CCRT and CT groups (all P > 0.05). Furthermore, results revealed no statistical differences in toxicity between the two groups (all P > 0.05). With a follow-up median of 12 months (ranging 6–48 months), 12-month OS and PFS were 39.7% and 20.4% in the CCRT group and 30.3% and 13.2% in the chemotherapy group, respectively. The median OS and PFS were 14.0 months (95% CI 9.661–18.339) and 9.0 months (95% CI 6.805–11.195) in the CCRT group and 10.0 months (95% CI 6.523–13.477) and 8.0 months (95% CI 6.927–9.073) in the CT group, respectively. Both OS (P = 0.011) and PFS (P = 0.008) in patients with CCRT were significantly better than those in patients with chemotherapy alone. Conclusions Neoadjuvant CCRT achieved more favorable OS and PFS than did neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, without significant increases of toxicity in patients. However, prospective randomized trials comparing treatment modalities are necessary to confirm potential advantages of preoperative neoadjuvant CCRT.
Association between serum vitamin D and uric acid in the eastern Chinese population: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Yingchao , Cheng Jing , Chen Yi , Wang Ningjian , Xia Fangzhen , Chen Chi , Han Bing , Lu Yingli
Published: February 2020

Background Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism, which is thought to be related to many human diseases, such as nephrolithiasis, gout, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome. However, the relationship between serum UA (SUA) and 25(OH)D is still unclear in the eastern Chinese population. Methods We did a population-based observational investigation, which included 12,770 residents living in eastern China. Ultimately, data from 9,220 subjects were analyzed. Serum 25(OH)D, SUA, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), fasting insulin, HbA1c and other metabolic parameters were tested. Waist circumference (WC), weight and height were also measured. Questionnaires were collected from these subjects for information on smoking and drinking status. Results We enrolled 9,220 Chinese adults, including 3,681 males (age 55.57±13.23 years) and 5,539 females (age 54.31±12.83 years). The levels of SUA were 352.07±79.25 nmol/L and 269.29±64.68 nmol/L in males and females, respectively. The proportion of adults with hyperuricemia (HUA) was 12.26% in the total population. Levels of SUA were positively associated with 25(OH)D, and the incidence of HUA increased 9.4% for every 10 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D (P<0.001). Conclusions SUA was positively associated with 25(OH)D in the eastern Chinese population. Higher levels of serum 25(OH)D may be a potential predictor of HUA.
Body mass index affects adaptive immune cells in the human bone marrow
Authors: Pangrazzi Luca , Naismith Erin , Miggitsch Carina , Arana Jose’ Antonio Carmona , Keller Michael , Grubeck-Loebenstein Beatrix , Weinberger Birgit
Published: February 2020

Background. Obesity has been associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Both conditions play a determinant role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, such as immunosenescence. Adipose tissue can modulate the function of the immune system with the secretion of molecules influencing the phenotype of immune cells. Recently, the importance of the bone marrow (BM) in the maintenance of antigen-experienced adaptive immune cells has been documented. Despite this, whether high body mass index (BMI) may affect immune cells in the BM and the production of molecules supporting the maintenance of these cells it is unknown. Methods. Using flow cytometry, the frequency and the phenotype of immune cell populations were measured in paired BM and PB samples obtained from persons with different BMI. Furthermore, the expression of BM cytokines was assessed. The influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on T cell subsets was additionally considered, dividing the donors into the CMV - and CMV + groups. Results. Our study suggests that increased BMI may affect both the maintenance and the phenotype of adaptive immune cells in the BM. While the BM levels of IL-15 and IL-6, supporting the survival of highly differentiated T cells, and oxygen radicals increased in overweight persons, the production of IFNγ and TNF by CD8 + T cells was reduced. In addition, the frequency of B cells and CD4 + T cells positively correlated with BMI in the BM of CMV - persons. Finally, the frequency of several T cell subsets, and the expression of senescence/exhaustion markers within these subpopulations, were affected by BMI. In particular, the levels of bona fide memory T cells may be reduced in overweight persons. Conclusion. Our work suggests that obesity may represent an independent risk factor supporting immunosenescence, in addition to aging and CMV. Metabolic interventions may help in improving the fitness of the immune system in the elderly.
Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis reveals the gene regulatory network that controlled by SRL1 in regulating rice leaf rolling
Authors: Li Xizhi , Li Min , Zhou Beibei , Bao Jinlin , Zhu Liang , Xue Pengbo , Wang Jun , Jin Jian
Published: February 2020

Background SRL1 (SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 1) also named as CLD1 (CURLED LEAF AND DWARF 1), encoding a putative glyphopholipidininol-anchored membrane protein, has been characterized as a gene involved in the regulation of leaf morphology in rice. Mutants of srl1-1 (point mutation) and srl1-2 (transferred DNA insertion) exhibit defects in leaf development resulting in a phenotype with adaxially rolled leaves. Results To explore the gene regulatory network of leaf development that controlled by SRL1 in rice, we created a homozygous SRL1 knock out (KO) line by CRISPR/Cas9, which showed defects in leaf development with adaxially rolling. By comparing the leaf transcriptome of a homozygous SRL1 KO line (srl1-KO) with the control, a total number of 3,178 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes, of which 1,216 genes were significantly up regulated, while 1,962 genes were down regulated. Further analyses indicated that, a group of known leaf rolling related genes, which involved in bulliform cells and cuticle development such as OsZHD1, OsLBD3-7, RFS, ACL1, CFL1, SND1, OsCESA5 and OsCESA6 were up or down regulated in the srl1-KO. Conclusions SRL1 might control leaf rolling by regulating a couple of genes that affecting cytological architecture of leaf cells such as bulliforms and cuticle of leaves.
Feature-driven classification reveals potential comorbid subtypes within childhood apraxia of speech
Authors: Stein Catherine , Benchek Penelope , Miller Gabrielle , Hall Noémi B. , Menon Dhanya , Freebairn Lisa , Tag Jessica , Vick Jennell , Taylor H. Gerry , Lewis Barbara A. , Iyengar Sudha K.
Published: February 2020

Background

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with heterogeneous communication and other comorbid manifestations. While previous studies have characterized speech deficits associated with CAS, few studies have examined variability in reading and language and/or other developmental comorbidities. We sought to identify comorbid subgroups within CAS that could be clinically relevant as well as genetically distinctive.

Methods

In a group of 31 children with CAS and 8 controls, we performed hierarchical cluster analysis utilizing measures of articulation, vocabulary, and reading. We also conducted a chart review of the children with CAS to examine other clinical characteristics in these children and their association with subgroup membership.

Results

We identified 3 comorbid subgroups within CAS of varying severity. The high severity subgroup was characterized by poor reading and vocabulary, and the moderate severity subgroup by poor reading and non-word repetition but average vocabulary, compared to the mild severity subgroup. Subgroups were indistinguishable with respect to speech sound production, the hallmark of CAS, all demonstrating poor articulation. Children in the most severe subgroup were more likely to have early problems feeding (p=0.036).

Conclusions

Children with CAS may potentially be classified into comorbidity groups based on performance on vocabulary and reading measures, providing additional insight into the heterogeneity within CAS with implications for educational interventions.
Long non-coding RNA SNHG16 activates USP22 expression to regulate colorectal cancer progression by sponging miR-132-3p
Authors: He Xiaowen , Ma Jun , Zhang Mingming , Cui Jianhua , Yang Hao
Published: February 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in the development of many cancers. However, studies on the effect of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) on the proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis of CRC cells were still few. SNHG16 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. Knockdown of SNHG16 reduced the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells. MiR-132-3p could interact with SNHG16, and its inhibitor recovered the suppression effects of silenced-SNHG16 on CRC cell progression. Besides, USP22 was a target of miR-132-3p, and its overexpression restored the inhibition effects of miR-132-3p mimic on CRC cell progression. Interference of SNHG16 reduced the tumor growth in vivo. LncRNA SNHG16 played an oncogene in CRC progression. The discovery of SNHG16/ miR-132-3p/ USP22 pathway provided new thinking for the treatment of CRC.
Proteoglycan-4 Regulates Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Transition and Expression of Fibrotic Genes in the Synovium
Authors: Qadri Marwa , Jay Gregory D. , Zhang Ling X. , Richendrfer Holly , Schmidt Tannin A. , Elsaid Khaled Ahmed
Published: February 2020

Background: Synovial tissue fibrosis is common in advanced OA with features including presence of stress fiber-positive myofibroblasts and deposition of cross-linked collagen type-I. An antifibrotic effect in OA synoviocytes was associated with PRG4 secretion and native synovial PRG4 reduced collagen content in OA synoviocytes. PRG4 is a ligand of the CD44 receptor. Our objective was to examine the role of PRG4-CD44 interaction in regulating synovial tissue fibrosis in vitro and in vivo .
Methods: OA synoviocytes were treated with TGF-β ± PRG4 for 24 hours and α-SMA content was determined using immunofluorescence. Rhodamine labeled rhPRG4 was incubated with OA synoviocytes ± anti-CD44 or isotype control antibodies and cellular uptake of rhPRG4 was determined following a 30-min incubation and α-SMA expression following a 24-hour incubation. HEK-TGF-β cells were treated with TGF-β ± rhPRG4 and Smad3 phosphorylation was determined using immunofluorescence and TGF-β/Smad pathway activation was determined colorimetrically. We probed for stress fibers and focal adhesions (FAs) in TGF-β treated murine fibroblasts and fibroblast migration was quantified ± rhPRG4. Synovial expression of fibrotic markers: α-SMA, collagen type-I and PLOD2 in Prg4 gene trap ( Prg4 GT ) and recombined Prg4 GTR animals was studied at 2 and 9 months of age. Synovial expression of α-SMA and PLOD2 was determined in 2-months old Prg4 GT/GT & Cd44 -/- and Prg4 GTR/GTR & Cd44 -/- animals .
Results: PRG4 reduced α-SMA content in OA synoviocytes ( p<0.001 ). rhPRG4 was internalized by OA synoviocytes via CD44 and CD44 neutralization attenuated rhPRG4’s antifibrotic effect ( p<0.05 ). rhPRG4 reduced pSmad3 signal in HEK-TGF-β cells ( p<0.001 ) and TGF-β/Smad pathway activation ( p<0.001 ). rhPRG4 reduced the number of stress fiber-positive myofibroblasts, FAs mean size, and cell migration in TGF-β treated NIH3T3 fibroblasts ( p<0.05 ). rhPRG4 inhibited fibroblast migration in a macrophage and fibroblast co-culture model without altering active or total TGF-β levels. Synovial tissues of 9-months old Prg4 GT/GT animals had higher α-SMA, collagen type-I and PLOD2 ( p<0.001 ) content and Prg4 re-expression reduced these markers ( p<0.01 ). Prg4 re-expression also reduced α-SMA and PLOD2 in CD44-deficient mice.
Conclusion: PRG4 is an endogenous antifibrotic modulator in the joint and its effect on myofibroblast formation is mediated by CD44, but CD44 is not required to demonstrate an antifibrotic effect in vivo .
Intermittent peripheral exposure to lipopolysaccharide induces exploratory behavior in mice and regulates brain glial activity in obese mice
Authors: Huang Hui-Ting , Chen Po-See , Kuo Yu-Ming , Tzeng Shun-Fen
Published: February 2020

Background Consecutive peripheral immune challenges can modulate the responses of brain resident microglia to stimuli. High-fat diet (HFD) intake has been reported to stimulate the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus in obese rodents and humans. However, it is unknown whether intermittent exposure to additional peripheral immune challenge can modify HFD-induced hypothalamic glial activation in obese individuals. Methods In this study, we administered 1 mg/kg LPS (or saline) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to 8-week-old male mice after 1, 2, or 8 weeks of a regular diet (show) or HFD. The level of interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) expression in the plasma and hypothalamic tissue was analyzed 24 h after each LPS injection. The behaviors of the animals in the four groups (the chow-saline, chow-LPS, HFD-saline, and HFD-LPS groups) were examined 5 months after exposure to chow or a HFD. Morphological examination of microglia in related brain regions was also conducted. Results The plasma levels and hypothalamic mRNA levels of IL-1b and TNF-a were significantly upregulated 24 h after the first injection of LPS but not after the second or third injection of LPS. Chow-LPS mice displayed increased exploratory behavior 5 months after feeding. However, this LPS-induced exploratory behavior was inhibited in HFD-fed mice. Chronic HFD feeding for 5 months induced apparent increases in the number and cell body size of microglia, mainly in the ARC, and also increased the size of microglia in the NAc and insula. Moreover, microglial activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula, and basolateral amygdala (BLA) was observed in chow-LPS mice. However, microglial activation in the analyzed brain regions was suppressed in HFD-LPS mice. Conclusions Altogether, the results indicate that intermittent peripheral challenge with LPS might prime microglia in the ARC and NAc to modify their response to chronic HFD feeding. Alternatively, chronic HFD feeding might mediate microglia in LPS-affected brain regions and subsequently suppress LPS-induced exploratory behavior. Our findings suggest that intermittent acute peripheral immune challenges and chronic HFD intake can cause microglia to modify the microenvironment and further modify animal behaviors.
Trend of Soil Transmitted Helminths in Ethiopian children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2000-2018)
Authors: Alemu Getaneh , Mekonnen Feleke , Nega Mezgebu , Muluneh Chalachew
Published: February 2020

Background: Ethiopia is one of the tropical countries with heavy burden of soil transmitted helminths. As a result, the nation has been implementing mass drug administration, water, sanitation and hygiene and health extension programs in order to control those parasites. Hence, updated data about the prevalence and trend of parasites over time has pivotal role to assess the success of existing control programs. Methods: Studies conducted between 2000 and 2018 were searched from PubMed, Google Scholar and local journals for systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guideline and checklist. Eligible studies were selected based on pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale in meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistics based on the random effects model. Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA 2.0) was used to calculate the pooled prevalence and meta-regression was run to assess trend of parasite prevalence over time.Results: Thirty-eight studies recruiting 16,266 participants were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of intestinal prevalence was 52.0% (95%CI: 44.4-59.5). Amhara region was with the highest prevalence (60.3%; 95%CI: 50.1-69.6). Among soil transmitted helminths, Ascaris lumbricoides (11.2%; 95%CI: 8.4-14.8) was with the highest pooled prevalence followed by hookworms (10.4%; 95%CI:7.9-13.7) and Trichiuris trichiura (3.6%; 95%CI: 2.4-5.4). Meta-regression analysis revealed that all soil transmitted helminths didn’t show significantly decreasing trend over time (p>0.05). Conclusion: Despite various control efforts have been made, soil transmitted helminths are with high distribution and their prevalence is not significantly decreasing in Ethiopia. Hence, other control approaches like community led sanitation should be integrated with mass drug administration in order to achieve the national goal of soil transmitted helminths elimination by 2025.
Disenchantment of the Family
Authors: Knauf Helen
Published: February 2020

This study asks how parenthood has changed in the context of mediatisation. To investigate the question, the 100 most frequently viewed German-language family blogs were systematically analysed. Methods of qualitative text analysis were applied. The analysis reveals that family blogs meet the parents’ need for exchange and community and, at the same time, fulfil a similar function to parenting self-help books and diaries. Family blogs therefore also include an essential element of identity development. The study shows that family blogs not only create a public, they also lead to a disenchantment and politicisation of family and parenthood. Product tests and reviews that serve as a source of financial income for the bloggers play an important role in these blogs. The economisation of parenthood through advertising points to a shift in the boundary between the economic world outside the home and non-economic family life, contributing to a disenchantment of the family.
CFD model to characterize the physical processes of energy transfer in a secondary facultative lagoon
Authors: Zapata Andres , Peña Miguel
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the energy transfer phenomena of a secondary facultative lagoon and its relationship with environmental conditions such as wind and solar radiation were studied. To this end, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was constructed within a conventional facultative lagoon located in the municipality of Ginebra-Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The model included the transport of suspended solids from inlet to outlet, the penetration of incident solar radiation into the body of water, surface wind, the transfer of heat through lateral walls and the temperature profiles of the wastewater. The model was validated using tracer studies and experimental temperature data. This demonstrated that simulated data of temperature and solar radiation penetration have an acceptable degree of consistency compared with the experimental data. The model demonstrated that temperature profiles were significantly affected by the wind at 0.45 m and 1.40 m depth, while no effect on the surface was obtained.
Jornada de trabalho e docência
Authors: E Silva Sousa Adriana , Henrique Moura Dante
Published: February 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os desdobramentos da instituição da hora-atividade no trabalho do professor do ensino médio da rede estadual do Piauí, dentro do contexto das políticas educacionais implementadas no Brasil nas duas últimas décadas. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão de literatura, com auxílio de uma pesquisa documental, sobre a jornada de trabalho dos professores da educação básica no país e as políticas educacionais que regulamentam a hora-atividade. Em seguida, analisam-se os dados de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com: dois gerentes das Gerências Regionais de Educação da Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Piauí, 20 professores de ensino médio e um integrante do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Educação Básica Pública do Piauí. Os resultados mostram que o avanço no cumprimento da hora-atividade se confronta com as condições de trabalho ainda inadequadas nas escolas, com a ingerência na organização pedagógica do tempo de trabalho do professor e com os baixos salários.

Palavras-chaves: Jornada de trabalho. Ensino médio. Docência. Hora-atividade.
Patent Foramen Ovale, the Role of Antiplatelet Therapy Alone or Anticoagulant Therapy Alone Versus Device Closure for Cryptogenic Stroke: A Review of the Literature and Current Recommendations
Authors: Nagarajarao Harsha S. , Ojha Chandra P. , Kedar Archana , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: February 2020

:

Cryptogenic stroke and its relation to the Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is a long-debated
topic. Recent clinical trials have unequivocally established the relationship between cryptogenic
strokes and paradoxical embolism across the PFO. This slit-like communication exists in everyone
before birth, but most often closes shortly after birth. PFO may persist as a narrow channel of communication
between the right and left atria in approximately 25-27% of adults.

:

In this review, we examine the clinical relevance of the PFO with analysis of the latest trials evaluating
catheter-based closure of PFO’s for cryptogenic stroke. We also review the current evidence examining
the use of antiplatelet medications versus anticoagulants for stroke prevention in those patients
with PFO who do not qualify for closure per current guidelines.
Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Antiproliferative Effects of Algerian Pistacia atlantica Desf. Extracts
Authors: Achili Imene , Amrani Amel , Bensouici Chaouki , Gül Fatih , Altun Muhammed , Demirtas Ibrahim , Zama Djamila , Benayache Fadila , Benayache Samir
Published: February 2020

Background:

Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae) has various applications for dietetic and medicinal purposes.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant, antiproliferative and anticholinesterase activities of different extracts from leaf and stem of Pistacia atlantica Desf.

Methods:

The antioxidant activity was performed by four methods: DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and reducing power assays. Anti-cholinesterase activity was performed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. Antiproliferative assays were investigated against HeLa cell lines using xCELLigence RTCA instrument. The secondary metabolites composition was established by HPLC-TOF/MS analysis.

Results:

In DPPH, reducing power and in ABTS .+ scavenging activity, all the extracts showed strong inhibitory activity compared to synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), in which the activities were almost equal to the two standards. The results were less significant in CUPRAC assay. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts exhibited the best antioxidant activity in all tests. Moreover, P. atlantica extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities in a dose-dependent manner. The strongest AChE and BuChE inhibition activities were obtained for EtOAc extract of the stem (IC50 values 15.14±0.74 and 24.01±0.21 μg/mL, respectively) compared to galantamine (IC50 values 6.27±1.15 and 34.75±1.99 μg/mL, respectively). P. atlantica extracts also showed significant antiproleferative activity against HeLa cell lines, the best antiproleferative activity was obtained for the methanol and EtOAc extracts. The observed biological activities can be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the extracts. The HPLC-TOF/MS analysis identified the presence of 22 phytochemicals. Gallic acid and rutin were the main compounds detected. Cichoric, gentisic, vanillic, protocatechuic and rosmarinic acids as well as catechin and quercetin were also present.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated good antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antiproliferative activities of P. atlantica extracts, which opens up new possibilities for pharmaceutical and food industries.