Large trees drive forest aboveground biomass variation in moist lowland forests across the tropics
Authors: Slik J. W. Ferry , Paoli Gary , McGuire Krista , Amaral Ieda , Barroso Jorcely , Bastian Meredith , Blanc Lilian , Bongers Frans , Boundja Patrick , Clark Connie , Collins Murray , Dauby Gilles , Ding Yi , Doucet Jean‐Louis , Eler Eduardo , Ferreira Leandro , Forshed Olle , Fredriksson Gabriella , Gillet Jean‐Francois , Harris David , Leal Miguel , Laumonier Yves , Malhi Yadvinder , Mansor Asyraf , Martin Emanuel , Miyamoto Kazuki , Araujo‐Murakami Alejandro , Nagamasu Hidetoshi , Nilus Reuben , Nurtjahya Eddy , Oliveira Átila , Onrizal Onrizal , Parada‐Gutierrez Alexander , Permana Andrea , Poorter Lourens , Poulsen John , Ramirez‐Angulo Hirma , Reitsma Jan , Rovero Francesco , Rozak Andes , Sheil Douglas , Silva‐Espejo Javier , Silveira Marcos , Spironelo Wilson , ter Steege Hans , Stevart Tariq , Navarro‐Aguilar Gilberto Enrique , Sunderland Terry , Suzuki Eizi , Tang Jianwei , Theilade Ida , van der Heijden Geertje , van Valkenburg Johan , Van Do Tran , Vilanova Emilio , Vos Vincent , Wich Serge , Wöll Hannsjoerg , Yoneda Tsuyoshi , Zang Runguo , Zhang Ming‐Gang , Zweifel Nicole 
Published: July 2013

Aim

Large trees (d.b.h. ≥ 70 cm) store large amounts of biomass. Several studies suggest that large trees may be vulnerable to changing climate, potentially leading to declining forest biomass storage. Here we determine the importance of large trees for tropical forest biomass storage and explore which intrinsic (species trait) and extrinsic (environment) variables are associated with the density of large trees and forest biomass at continental and pan‐tropical scales.

Location

Pan‐tropical.

Methods

Aboveground biomass (AGB) was calculated for 120 intact lowland moist forest locations. Linear regression was used to calculate variation in AGB explained by the density of large trees. Akaike information criterion weights (AICc‐wi) were used to calculate averaged correlation coefficients for all possible multiple regression models between AGB/density of large trees and environmental and species trait variables correcting for spatial autocorrelation.

Results

Density of large trees explained c. 70% of the variation in pan‐tropical AGB and was also responsible for significantly lower AGB in Neotropical [287.8 (mean) ± 105.0 (SD) Mg ha−1] versus Palaeotropical forests (Africa 418.3 ± 91.8 Mg ha−1; Asia 393.3 ± 109.3 Mg ha−1). Pan‐tropical variation in density of large trees and AGB was associated with soil coarseness (negative), soil fertility (positive), community wood density (positive) and dominance of wind dispersed species (positive), temperature in the coldest month (negative), temperature in the warmest month (negative) and rainfall in the wettest month (positive), but results were not always consistent among continents.

Main conclusions

Density of large trees and AGB were significantly associated with climatic variables, indicating that climate change will affect tropical forest biomass storage. Species trait composition will interact with these future biomass changes as they are also affected by a warmer climate. Given the importance of large trees for variation in AGB across the tropics, and their sensitivity to climate change, we emphasize the need for in‐depth analyses of the community dynamics of large trees.