bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Privacy-Preserving Log-Rank Test for the Kaplan-Meier Estimator With Secure Multiparty Computation: Algorithm Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: von Maltitz Marcel , Ballhausen Hendrik , Kaul David , Fleischmann Daniel F , Niyazi Maximilian , Belka Claus , Carle Georg
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Patient data is considered particularly sensitive personal data. Privacy regulations strictly govern the use of patient data and restrict their exchange. However, medical research can benefit from multicentric studies in which patient data from different institutions are pooled and evaluated together. Thus, the goals of data utilization and data protection are in conflict. Secure multiparty computation (SMPC) solves this conflict because it allows direct computation on distributed proprietary data—held by different data owners—in a secure way without exchanging private data.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this work was to provide a proof-of-principle of secure and privacy-preserving multicentric computation by SMPC with real-patient data over the free internet. A privacy-preserving log-rank test for the Kaplan-Meier estimator was implemented and tested in both an experimental setting and a real-world setting between two university hospitals.

METHODS

The domain of survival analysis is particularly relevant in clinical research. For the Kaplan-Meier estimator, we provided a secure version of the log-rank test. It was based on the SMPC realization SPDZ and implemented via the FRESCO framework in Java. The complexity of the algorithm was explored both for synthetic data and for real-patient data in a proof-of-principle over the internet between two clinical institutions located in Munich and Berlin, Germany.

RESULTS

We obtained a functional realization of an SMPC-based log-rank evaluation. This implementation was assessed with respect to performance and scaling behavior. We showed that network latency strongly influences execution time of our solution. Furthermore, we identified a lower bound of 2 Mbit/s for the transmission rate that has to be fulfilled for unimpeded communication. In contrast, performance of the participating parties have comparatively low influence on execution speed, since the peer-side processing is parallelized and the computational time only constitutes 30% to 50% even with optimal network settings. In the real-world setting, our computation between three parties over the internet, processing 100 items each, took approximately 20 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS

We showed that SMPC is applicable in the medical domain. A secure version of commonly used evaluation methods for clinical studies is possible with current implementations of SMPC. Furthermore, we infer that its application is practically feasible in terms of execution time.
The mediating role of anxiety symptoms in the link between chronic illness and problematic social media use in young adults: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)
Authors: Jolliff Anna , D'Angelo Jonathan , Jenkins Marina , Moreno Megan
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Social media is a locus of information, self-expression, and support for people with chronic illness, such as chronic migraines or irritable bowel disease. However, people managing chronic illness may also be uniquely at risk for the problematic use of social media. This may be especially true for people with chronic illnesses that are commonly comorbid with anxiety, including gastrointestinal and neurological chronic illnesses.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of the present study were to determine whether young adults with diagnosed gastrointestinal or neurological chronic illness were more at risk for problematic social media use, and whether symptoms of anxiety mediated this relationship.

METHODS

We administered a cross-sectional online survey using the platform Qualtrics to young adults between the ages of 18-25. Participants completed measures assessing gastrointestinal and neurological illness, anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment – 7), and problematic social media use (Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale). We tested two mediation models using model 4 of the PROCESS Macro in SPSS.

RESULTS

Participants (n = 4,939) were 50.6% female (n = 2,496), 58.1% white (n = 2,871), and had a mean age of 21.74 (SD = 2.3). Seven point four percent and 11.3% of participants endorsed gastrointestinal or neurological illness, respectively. For the problematic use of social media, 17.9% of participants earned a score at or above the cutoff of 19 (M = 13.34, SD = 5.72). Reporting gastrointestinal or neurological illness was positively associated with increased problematic social media use (PSMU), B = 1.62, SE B = .07, t(1, 4938) = 5.20, p < .001 and B = 1.82, SE B = .10, t(1, 4938) = 7.08, p < .001, respectively. This indirect effect from gastrointestinal illness to PSMU, through anxiety, was significant, B = .87, SE B = .13, CI [.621, 1.12], as was the indirect effect from neurological illness to PSMU through anxiety, B = 1.47, SE B = .12, CI [1.24, 1.70].

CONCLUSIONS

People for whom chronic illness symptoms co-occur with symptoms of anxiety may be especially at risk for developing problematic social media use. Given that online support has been useful to those managing chronic conditions, it may not be helpful or feasible for researchers to discourage social media use in general. Instead, people with chronic illness will benefit from evidence-based best practices around healthy social media use, and can be empowered with knowledge about how to identify and reverse problematic social media use.
Integrating technology and data in public health disease surveillance in Africa: case study of the AVADAR program (Preprint)
Authors: Anarado Chinedu Ejike , Metiboba Loveth , Simmonds Faye , Falodun Tope
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Sub-saharan Africa, Afghanistan and Pakistan are the last frontiers with the prevalence of wild poliovirus (WPV). Following joint efforts and partnerships some of which were instituted in the last 20 years, Africa was declared free of WPV in August 2020. While efforts now focus on eliminating circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV), it is important to review some of the interventions that resulted in a polio-free certification for the continent.

OBJECTIVE

The Auto-visual AFP detection and response (AVADAR) program was one of such interventions. AVADAR helped with a more focused, technology and data driven campaign, to ensure that surveillance was broad, inclusive, and responsive. With the infusion of mobile health technology, the project became a success as it reported, investigated and confirmed more cases of AFP compared to the existing traditional surveillance systems. This study attempts a review of the AVADAR intervention with a view to understand the role played by technology and data.

METHODS

This study comparatively reviewed the data generated over a three year period, across nine countries where the AVADAR project was implemented. It sought to understand how AVADAR was an improvement over traditional surveillance systems.

RESULTS

The AVADAR program confirmed more reported AFP cases, when compared with the traditional (paper-based) system. It was found that more true AFP cases were found through the AVADAR system. AVADAR accounted for 76% of cases reported across eight countries.

CONCLUSIONS

Evidently, data and technology - in this case - the AVADAR tool, addressed most of the challenges of Public Health Surveillance in the target countries. The challenge of erratic surveillance data gathering, and feedback was reduced as the AVADAR program demonstrated coordinated data gathering, active case search, timely response to alerts, and ultimately, improved confirmation of true cases. It contributes lessons that could be useful in enhancing surveillance systems across the developing world particularly in Africa.
A COVID-19 Non-contact Screening System Based on XGBoost and Logistic Regression (Preprint)
Authors: Shang Chunheng , Qiao Yixian , Liao Xiwen , Yuan Xiaoning , Cheng Qin , LI Yuxuan , Zhang Jianan , Ge Qinggang , Wang Yunfeng , Chen Yahong
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 is a new infectious disease with high infectivity. At present, body temperature detection is the main method for primary screening, but this single detection method has poor accuracy and is easy to miss detection.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to propose a non-contact, high-precision COVID-19 screening system.

METHODS

We used impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar to detect the respiration, heart rate, body movement, sleep quality, and various other physiological indicators. We collected 140 radar monitoring data from 23 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan Tongji Hospital, and compared them with 144 radar monitoring data of healthy controls. Then XGBoost and logistic regression(XGBoost+LR) algorithm was used to classify the data of patients and healthy people; feature selection was performed by SHAP value; using ten-fold cross-validation, XGBoost+LR algorithm was compared with five other classic classification algorithms, and the classification performance was evaluated by precision, recall, and the area under the ROC curve( AUC ).

RESULTS

The XGBoost+LR algorithm demonstrate excellent discrimination (precision=99.1 %, recall rate = 94.1 %, AUC=98.7 %), which is superior to several other single machine learning algorithms. In addition, the SHAP value indicate that number of apnea during REM(‘ REMSATims’) and mean heart rate(‘meanHR’) are important features for classification.

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 non-contact screening system based on XGBoost+LR algorithm can accurately predict COVID-19 patients and can be applied in isolation wards to effectively help medical staff.
Validity, Reliability and Sensitivity to Change of Three Consumer-grade Activity Trackers in Controlled and Free-living Conditions among Older Adults (Preprint)
Authors: Kastelic Kaja , Dobnik Marina , Loefler Stefan , Hofer Christian , Šarabon Nejc
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Wrist worn consumer-grade activity trackers are popular devices, developed mainly for personal use, but with the potential to be used also for clinical and research purposes.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to explore the validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of movement behaviours metrics from three popular activity trackers (POLAR Vantage M, Garmin Vivosport and Garmin Vivoactive 4s) in controlled and free-living conditions when worn by older adults.

METHODS

Participants (n = 28; 74 ± 5 years) underwent a videotaped laboratory protocol while wearing all three activity trackers. On a separate occasion, participants wore one (randomly assigned) activity tracker and a research grade physical activity monitor ActiGraph wGT3X-BT simultaneously for six consecutive days for comparisons.

RESULTS

Both Garmin activity trackers showed excellent performance for step counts, with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) below 20 % and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) above 0.90 (P < .05), while Polar Vantage M substantially over counted steps (MAPE = 84 % and ICC2,1 = 0.37 for free-living conditions). MAPE for sleep time was within 10 % for all the trackers tested, while far beyond 20 % for all the physical activity and calories burned outputs. Both Garmin trackers showed fair agreement (ICC2,1 = 0.58–0.55) for measuring calories burned when compared with ActiGraph.

CONCLUSIONS

Garmin Vivoactive 4s showed overall best performance, especially for measuring steps and sleep time in healthy older adults. Minimal detectible change was consistently lower for an average day measures than for a single day measure, but still relatively high. The results provided in this study could be used to guide choice on activity trackers aiming for different purposes – individual use/care, longitudinal monitoring or in clinical trial setting.
Influences on the Uptake of Health and Well-being Apps and Curated App Portals: Think-Aloud and Interview Study (Preprint)
Authors: Szinay Dorothy , Perski Olga , Jones Andy , Chadborn Tim , Brown Jamie , Naughton Felix
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Health and well-being smartphone apps can provide a cost-effective solution to addressing unhealthy behaviors. The selection of these apps tends to occur in commercial app stores, where thousands of health apps are available. Their uptake is often influenced by popularity indicators. However, these indicators are not necessarily associated with app effectiveness or evidence-based content. Alternative routes to app selection are increasingly available, such as via curated app portals, but little is known about people’s experiences of them.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to explore how people select health apps on the internet and their views on curated app portals.

METHODS

A total of 18 UK-based adults were recruited through social media and asked during an in-person meeting to verbalize their thoughts while searching for a health or well-being app on the internet on a platform of their choice. The search was then repeated on 2 curated health app portals: the National Health Service Apps Library and the Public Health England One You App portal. This was followed by semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using framework analysis, informed by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior model and the Theoretical Domains Framework.

RESULTS

Searching for health and well-being apps on the internet was described as a minefield. App uptake appeared to be influenced by participants’ capabilities such as app literacy skills and health and app awareness, and opportunities including the availability of apps, app esthetics, the price of an app, and social influences. Motivation factors that seemed to affect the uptake were perceived competence, time efficiency, perceived utility and accuracy of an app, transparency about data protection, commitment and social identity, and a wide range of emotions. Social influences and the perceived utility of an app were highlighted as particularly important. Participants were not previously aware of curated portals but found the concept appealing. Curated health app portals appeared to engender trust and alleviate data protection concerns. Although apps listed on these were perceived as more trustworthy, their presentation was considered disappointing. This disappointment seemed to stem from the functionality of the portals, lack of user guidance, and lack of tailored content to an individual’s needs.

CONCLUSIONS

The uptake of health and well-being apps appears to be primarily affected by social influences and the perceived utility of an app. App uptake via curated health app portals perceived as credible may mitigate concerns related to data protection and accuracy, but their implementation must better meet user needs and expectations.
The Effect of Test Timing on the Probability of Positive SARS-CoV-2 Swab Test Results: Mixed Model Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Benoni Roberto , Panunzi Silvia , Campagna Irene , Moretti Francesca , Lo Cascio Giuliana , Spiteri Gianluca , Porru Stefano , Tardivo Stefano
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 pandemic, swab tests proved to be effective in containing the infection and served as a means for early diagnosis and contact tracing. However, little evidence exists regarding the correct timing for the execution of the swab test, especially for asymptomatic individuals and health care workers.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to analyze changes in the positive findings over time in individual SARS-CoV-2 swab tests during a health surveillance program.

METHODS

The study was conducted with 2071 health care workers at the University Hospital of Verona, with a known date of close contact with a patient with COVID-19, between February 29 and April 17, 2020. The health care workers underwent a health surveillance program with repeated swab tests to track their virological status. A generalized additive mixed model was used to investigate how the probability of a positive test result changes over time since the last known date of close contact, in an overall sample of individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 and in a subset of individuals with an initial negative swab test finding before being proven positive, to assess different surveillance time intervals.

RESULTS

Among the 2071 health care workers in this study, 191 (9.2%) tested positive for COVID-19, and 103 (54%) were asymptomatic with no differences based on sex or age. Among 49 (25.7%) cases, the initial swab test yielded negative findings after close contact with a patient with COVID-19. Sex, age, symptoms, and the time of sampling were not different between individuals with an initial negative swab test finding and those who initially tested positive after close contact. In the overall sample, the estimated probability of testing positive was 0.74 on day 1 after close contact, which increased to 0.77 between days 5 and 8. In the 3 different scenarios for scheduled repeated testing intervals (3, 5, and 7 days) in the subgroup of individuals with an initially negative swab test finding, the probability peaked on the sixth, ninth and tenth, and 13th and 14th days, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Swab tests can initially yield false-negative outcomes. The probability of testing positive increases from day 1, peaking between days 5 and 8 after close contact with a patient with COVID-19. Early testing, especially in this final time window, is recommended together with a health surveillance program scheduled in close intervals.
Factors Influencing the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Across Diverse Participants Across Patients, Healthcare Providers And Common Public – A Cross Sectional Questionnaire-Based Perception Mapping Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Redkar Sagar
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Vaccine hesitancy is refusal or reluctance in the acceptance of vaccination despite the availability of vaccination services

OBJECTIVE

Understanding determinants of vaccine hesitancy for early identification of vaccine concerns to analyse acceptance behaviour in public and in healthcare providers for recommendation behaviour. Target population would be across multiple cities in India, Indonesia, UAE and UK

METHODS

Questions for survey would be corroborative with existing tools for vaccine hesitancy, based on PICO statement incorporating public health mistrust scale, perceived COVID-19 societal stigma scale - adapted from perceived external stigma of Ebola-related stigma questionnaire, COVID-19-related prosocial behaviors adapted from two scales: empathic responding to SARS scale and pro socialness scale. Time duration from first whatsapp communication, three reminders and execution per targeted individual participant would be for 10 days. Target population include, patients visiting multi-specialty hospital in urban and rural setting in India, physicians in clinical practice across country including corona warriors involved in front-end, university students in medical school, pharmacists in pharmaceutical trade

RESULTS

We would identify sources of vaccine misinformation, analyse patterns of spread of inaccurate information and help flatten the curve of infodemic. This would enable to define a vaccine confidence index for determining customised educational intervention to support percolation of evidence-based information for COVID-19 vaccine to remove unscientific barriers preventing the uptake and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. This would enhance health care provider's confidence in recommending vaccination and thus increasing coverage rates. We plan to submit research work to speciality conferences and plan to conduct workshops to develop educational materials which to mitigate the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy

CONCLUSIONS

We would explore gaps to build scientific trust in era of scientific uncertainty when politicians rather than the medical experts have become the public faces of crisis management

CLINICALTRIAL

NA
Analyzing the Essential Attributes of Nationally Issued COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: Open-Source Intelligence Approach and Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Weiß Jan-Patrick , Esdar Moritz , Hübner Ursula
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Contact tracing apps are potentially useful tools for supporting national COVID-19 containment strategies. Various national apps with different technical design features have been commissioned and issued by governments worldwide.

OBJECTIVE

Our goal was to develop and propose an item set that was suitable for describing and monitoring nationally issued COVID-19 contact tracing apps. This item set could provide a framework for describing the key technical features of such apps and monitoring their use based on widely available information.

METHODS

We used an open-source intelligence approach (OSINT) to access a multitude of publicly available sources and collect data and information regarding the development and use of contact tracing apps in different countries over several months (from June 2020 to January 2021). The collected documents were then iteratively analyzed via content analysis methods. During this process, an initial set of subject areas were refined into categories for evaluation (ie, coherent topics), which were then examined for individual features. These features were paraphrased as items in the form of questions and applied to information materials from a sample of countries (ie, Brazil, China, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, and the United Kingdom [England and Wales]). This sample was purposefully selected; our intention was to include the apps of different countries from around the world and to propose a valid item set that can be relatively easily applied by using an OSINT approach.

RESULTS

Our OSINT approach and subsequent analysis of the collected documents resulted in the definition of the following five main categories and associated subcategories: (1) background information (open-source code, public information, and collaborators); (2) purpose and workflow (secondary data use and warning process design); (3) technical information (protocol, tracing technology, exposure notification system, and interoperability); (4) privacy protection (the entity of trust and anonymity); and (5) availability and use (release date and the number of downloads). Based on this structure, a set of items that constituted the evaluation framework were specified. The application of these items to the 10 selected countries revealed differences, especially with regard to the centralization of the entity of trust and the overall transparency of the apps’ technical makeup.

CONCLUSIONS

We provide a set of criteria for monitoring and evaluating COVID-19 tracing apps that can be easily applied to publicly issued information. The application of these criteria might help governments to identify design features that promote the successful, widespread adoption of COVID-19 tracing apps among target populations and across national boundaries.
Updated Segmentation Model and Cummulative Offset Measurement of the Aceh Segment of the Sumatran Fault System in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Hady Aulia Kurnia , Marliyani, Dr. Gayatri Indah
Published: January 2021

Sumatran fault in western Indonesia is one of the largest strike-slip fault in the world. The fault was formed as a result of the slip partitioning of the oblique convergence between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plate along the Sunda trench. The right-lateral movement of the fault is accomodated by 19 fault segments that dissects the entire Sumatra island. We study the Aceh fault segment, which is located at the northernmost parts of the fault. The Aceh fault segment spans 250 km long passing through three districts: West Aceh, Pidie Jaya, and Aceh Besar and is affecting a total of ~546.143 population in the area. The current segmentation model assumes that Aceh fault segment acts as a single fault segment, which would generate closer to a M8 earthquake. This estimation is inconsistent with the ~M6-7 historical earthquake data. We conduct a detailed active fault mapping using the ~8 m resolution digital elevation model of DEMNAS and the sub-m DEM data from UAV-based photogrammetry to resolve the segmentation model of this fault. Our study indicate that the Aceh fault segment can be divided into 8 subsegments: Beutong, Kuala Tripa, Geumpang, Mane, Tangse, Jantho, Indrapuri, and Pulo Aceh. The fault kinematics identified in the field is consistent with right-lateral faulting. We measured cumulative displacement of geomorphic features (channels and ridges) ranging from 12.7 to 1931 m at some area. Findings of our study provide better estimation of the fault geometry and the maximum magnitude of potential earthquake along the Aceh fault segment as well as recommendation of prospective sliprate study sites. These informations are important for the development of seismic hazard analysis of the area.
Screening and Identification of Mushrooms Growth Promoting Bacteria on Straw Mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea)
Authors: Sari Indah Juwita , Aryantha I Nyoman Pugeg
Published: January 2021

This research aimed to identify the indigenous Mushroom Growth Promoting Bacteria (MGPB) bacteria that can increase the growth of Volvariella volvacea. The research began by isolating indigenous MGPB from planting media of straw mushrooms in Karawang, Indonesia. The screening was performed to select bacterial isolates that can promote the highest growth of mushrooms by dual culture method on PDA media. There were 10 of the 58 highest bacterial isolates that have a positive effect on the vegetative growth of mushrooms. The 23K bacterial isolate was the most significant increase in mycelium growth compared to other isolates and bacteria-induced controls. A bacterial isolate 25K by gene analysis was identified by 16S rRNA (518F primer (5’- CCA-GCA-GCC-GCG-GTA-ATA-CG -3’) and 800R primer (5’- TAC-CAG-GGT-ATC-TAA-TCC -3’). The result from gene analysis shows that there are ~1550 base pairs products. BLAST analysis and phylogenetic tree adjustment results show that the closest diversity of this bacterial isolate 25K is Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian str. 92-27 (equality value = 99%).
Первые шаги по созданию фондохранилища антропологического и археозоологического материала КалмНЦ РАН
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Bembeeva Lyubov’ A.
Published: January 2021

The article gives a brief history of accumulation of paleoanthropological materials in the course of archaeological research on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia. It gives the assessment of the conditions of the bone tissue funds of the Kalmyk Scientific Center and also the description of the works on processing the anthropological and archaeozoological materials. A special attention is given to compliance of the anthropological material storage conditions at the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS with the standards outlined in storage instructions. The current work on the recording of funds includes the estimation and documentation of the anthropological materials which are done through intermediary statistic spreading based on the processed material. The preservation of the bone tissue of the anthropological materials in the quantitative and percentage ratio as well as the integrity of the storage objects and the degree of completeness of information on the labels (code with the information on the site, the year of excavation, mound and burial) are being evaluated. The compilation of the record-storage documents alongside the correct storage of the biological material is fundamental for scientific storing and study of the important historic and cultural sources.
Как изменилась форма показателя множественного числа в тюркских языках за последние 150 лет
Authors:   Institute of linguistic RAS, Normanskaya Yulia V. , Gadzhieva Anar A. ,   Military university
Published: January 2021

Introduction. As recent research works show, scholars tend to disagree about the origin of the Kipchak plural form. K. M. Musaev hypothesizes that the Proto-Kipchak form of this affix was *-tar/*-ter whereas, according to O. A. Mudrak, the protolanguage form was *-lar/*-ler. Indeed, it seems impossible to reconstruct the form of the plural affix for the *-n, *-ŋ, *-m, *-C-stem words based on the modern data for the Kipchak languages. Furthermore, the Proto-Turkic reconstruction of the plural affix for these stems is also unclear. Purpose of research: It follows that a systematic analysis of the forms of the plural affix with different stems in the first books in the Kipchak languages (Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Teleut, Tubalar) will help to 1) reconstruct their Proto-Kipchak and Proto-Turkic forms, 2) date the changes in the suffixes, 3) determine if these changes were areal in nature. Materials and methods: The grammars of the modern Turkic languages as well as the first Cyrillic books in Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Altai, Teleut, Tubalar have been analyzed using a comparative historical method. Results: The analysis reveals that the late Proto-Turkic form of the plural affix remained unchanged in most of the Turkic languages. In some of the Kipchak languages (Kazakh, Kyrgyz, certain dialects of Bashkir and Altai) located at the junction of the “-lVr-form vs.- tVr-form of the plural affix” territories, the *-lVr-form (in voiceless *-C-stems) and the *-nVr-form (in *-n, *-ŋ, *-m-stems) changed into *-tVr. Conclusion: The material of the first Kazakh books in Cyrillic shows that the change in the Kipchak plural affix in voiceless *-C-stem and in *-n, *-ŋ, *-m-stem words was quite late, took place due to contacts with the Kyrgyzs, and was not yet complete at the end of the 19th century.
О поэтике олонхо «Нюргун Боотур Стремительный» П. А. Ойунского и тувинских героических эпосов
Authors:   Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Savvinova Gulnara E.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The article provides a comparative analysis of artistic expressiveness means inherent to the Yakut Olonkho and Tuvan epics. The point is that poetics of the epic work Nurgun Bootur the Swift by P. A. Oyunsky recreated on the basis of folk tales has actually remained understudied, and this paper fills the gap. Goals. The work — as part of Yakut folklore studies — makes the first attempt to consider poetics and the system of artistic techniques of the Olonkho Nurgun Bootur the Swift in comparison to Tuvan heroic epics. Methods. The study employs a comprehensive approach that includes comparative historical and typological research methods. Results. The comparative analysis concludes that P. Oyunsky’s Nurgun Bootur the Swift is based on the principles of traditional folk epic, and reveals parallels to Tuvan heroic narratives. Special attention is paid to the means of artistic expression — hyperbole and comparison. There are functional semantic dependence and structural unity indicating a typological similarity of the epic works examined. The vivid language of Tuvan epic narratives and that of P. Oyunsky’s Olonkho are explicitly characterized by elements observed in heroic epic proper, and the poetic analysis shows the Yakut text is distinguished by artistic completeness. So, P. Oyunsky revived the Yakut heroic epic, enriched its conceptual/thematic essentials — to strengthen the unique poetic form.
Дальневосточная республика как «колыбель» Монгольской революции (к 100-летию ДВР и Монгольской революции 1921 г.)
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS (6, Sakhyanova St., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russian Federation), Kuras Leonid V. , Tsybenov Bazar D.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The Far Eastern Republic that emerged in the spring of 1920 suited all political players — Moscow, Tokyo, Washington, Irkutsk Political Center, and other peripheral political forces of the Far East. The ‘buffer’ state also played an important role in the transnational history of the Mongolian world. Mongolian revolutionaries stayed in the territory of the Far Eastern Republic in the summer and autumn of 1920. At that time, they were deeply imbued with the ideas of the Bolsheviks. Goals. The study seeks to examine the organizational role of the Far Eastern Republic as an outpost of the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. The objectives be tackled are as follows: investigation of the Russian-Mongolian revolutionary interaction in 1918-1920; analysis of activities of O. Maksteneck, an authorized representative of the RSFSR People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs to Mongolia; exploration of the route and work of three groups of Mongolian delegates in the territory of the Far Eastern Republic and Soviet Russia in 1920; insight into activities of the first congress of the Mongolian People’s Party in Troitskosavsk in March 1920. Materials. The paper analyzes archival documents dealing with the history of Russian-Mongolian military cooperation in the early-to-mid 20th century, considers works by domestic and Mongolian authors dedicated to the creation of the Far Eastern Republic and the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. Conclusions. The leadership of the Far Eastern Republic headed by B.  Shumyatsky and the authorized representative of the RSFSR People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs O. Maksteneck played a crucial role in organizing the activities of the Mongolian revolutionary delegates. They convinced the Mongolian revolutionaries of the need to rely on Soviet power and its armed forces in the struggle for Mongolian independence.
Рыбная отрасль Калмыкии в 1926–1932 гг.
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Mandzhiev Andrey K.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The article analyzes the development of Kalmykia’s fishing industry between 1926 and 1932. Goals. The paper seeks to review the formation and development processes within the regional fishing industry during the NEP era, providing insight into local peculiarities thereof to be traced through documented collectivization and industrialization activities among seminomadic Kalmyks in the Lower Volga and Northern Caspian. Materials and Methods. The work employs a number of historical research methods, such as chronological and problem-chronological ones that made it possible to shed light on the topic mentioned above. The study involves quite diverse sources, namely: materials mentioning the development of fishing industry in the territory of Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast (including unrelated scholarly papers), administrative files and reports from different archives, field observations, etc. The main criteria the research rests on are accuracy and objectiveness. Results and Conclusions. The conducted analysis reveals certain practices and business models adopted during the shaping and infrastructure development of the autonomy, clarifies mechanisms and results of interaction between the central Government and regional authorities exercised throughout the process. The paper also illustrates all the stages passed and challenges faced by the newly reestablished ethnic region and its executives to create a sustainable fishing industry for further prosperity of the territory and its population.
Роль добровольных народных дружин Башкирии в противодействии росту правонарушений в 1960 – первой половине 1980-х гг.
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS, Akhmadieva Narkas V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In the 1960s – mid-1980s, in the face of an increase in crime, the state transferred some law enforcement and domestic security functions to the public. Activities of public organizations — voluntary people’s guards (Russ. DND) — contributed to countering the growth of crime and delinquency in the country. Despite the availability of scientific papers dealing with activities of the DND in the indicated years nationwide, the regional aspect of the issue remains understudied. DNDs were further developed in the post-Soviet period, which confirms their efficiency and significance. Goals. The paper seeks to analyze activities of voluntary people’s guards in the 1960s – mid1980s. For this, a number of objectives be tackled, such as to consider the dynamics of their development, analyze forms of countering the growth of offenses in Bashkiria in the indicated years, state policy towards this public organization. Materials. The article primarily investigates materials and documents deposited in the National Archive of Bashkortostan which contains valuable information thereto, including about the system of measures aimed at combating the growth of offenses. Methods. The work employs the historical-genetic method which made it possible to examine the dynamics of development and structural changes in the DND. The analysis of archival documents and materials involves the principles of objectivity and historicism, and that of scientificity, which proves instrumental in exploring the topic in certain historical backgrounds. Results. The period under consideration witnessed the creation of a network of voluntary people’s guards as an auxiliary organization designed to combat the growth of crime and delinquency in Bashkiria. The squads were controlled by authorities and grew to become a powerful law enforcement institution. Moreover, those facilitated further legal education of Soviet citizens. DNDs and order control agencies did prove efficient in reducing the level of offenses. The paper concludes the involvement of ordinary citizens in law and order protection activities was determined by the then increasing criminalization of society and flaws in the order and safety system. Party and state bodies were thus forced to initiate and support the movement.
La consulta de la sanción ambiental:
Authors: Hervé Espejo Dominique , Vargas Pavez Macarena
Published: January 2021

The ex officio court review (consulta) as a procedural requirement does not usually generate controversy, since at present its application is limited to a very low proportion of procedures within our legal system. However, since the enactment of Law Nº20,600 (2012) - where the obligation to raise certain sanctions applied by the Superintendence of the Environment for juditial review, is established - the purpose, scope and limits of this procedural institution has become a part of the legal debate. Beyond a recount of its application by the environmental courts and the problems that have been detected in these years, the objective of this work is to analyze whether this institution is justified from the perspective of the public interest involved in the application of environmental sanctions, concluding that it is an unnecessary procedure.
DEVELOPING SPATIAL THINKING OF STUDENTS OF SPECIALTY «DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ART» WITH USING 3D MODELING
Authors:   T.A. Perepelkina  Pacific State University, Perepelkina T.A.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the development of spatial thinking using 3D modeling for students of the specialty «Applied Art» in art colleges at the initial stages of training. The Sketch Up and Blender3D programs are considered as one of the ways of developing spatial thinking, programs features and the possibility of using them in the educational process.
SPECIFICITY OF DESIGNING THE CATALOG OF THE ETHNOGRAPHIC COLLECTION OF THE MUSEUM AS AN OBJECT OF GRAPHIC DESIGN
Authors:   S.V. Tamulevich  Pacific State University, Tamulevich S.V.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the design features of the ethnographic catalog on the example of the project of the multi-page publication «Nanai» Khabarovsk Museum of Local Lore named after N.I. Grodekova. The author defines the purpose and target audience of the museum catalog, describes the relationship between design and content - the interaction of elements of end-to-end design and spread, color, illustrations and typography with text, ways to solve the information and logistics catalog by visual means, traditions and current trends in the implementation of navigation through the publication.
CAR PARKINGS IN THE CITIES ON A COMPLEX TERRAIN
Authors:   T.I. Sigay Far Eastern Federal University, Sigay T.I.
Published: January 2021

The article touches on a current problem of storing private cars in the cities. The author's research of foreign experience in the design and construction of car parking places in the cities on a complex terrain is presented. As the main result of the research, the author's design solution for the car parking that included in the formed urban tissue is provided.
FUNICULAR IN THE URBAN EVIROMENT
Authors:   A.G. Shipilov Far Eastern Federal University, Shipilov A.G. , Ekimov A.V. ,   A.V. Ekimov Far Eastern Federal University
Published: January 2021

The article considers the problems of pedestrian communication in cities on difficult terrain. A brief review of domestic and foreign experience in solving the indicated problem through the introduction of mechanical lifts, such as a funicular, is given. The review is completed by conclusions that systematize the basic aesthetic, social, structural and artistic quality criteria of modern urban funiculars. As part of the research results, the author's solution of the funicular device on one of the streets of Vladivostok is given.
CHARACTERISATION OF TEXTILE MATERIALS FOR SPECIAL CLOTHES BY WORKERS OF THE OIL-GAS INDUSTRY PRODUCED BY RUSSIAN COMPANIES
Authors:   Y.V .Kanshina Amur State University, Kanshina Y.V. , Moskalenko N.G. ,   N.G. Moskalenko Amur State University
Published: January 2021

The overview of the rating of the leading Russian enterprises of fabrics for special clothes was realised. Innovative technologies used in the production of fabrics for special clothes for oil-gas industry workers are considered. The characteristics of fabrics recommended for the production of special clothes for employees of the Amur gas processing plant are given.
ANALYSIS OF THE DESIGN SITUATION FOR DEVELOPMENT CHILDREN'S CLOTHING
Authors:   E.I. Pomazkova Amur State University, Pomazkova E.I. , Myakinina A.P. ,   A.P. Myakinina Amur State University
Published: January 2021

Designing children's clothing is a complex and complex process that requires high-quality development at all its stages. At the stage of analysis of the pre-design situation, functions and requirements for the designed clothes are distinguished.
ON THE APPLICABILITY OF THE OPTICAL METHOD FOR STUDY OF STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF FLAT FIBER-CONTAINING MATERIALS
Authors:   A.V. Staniychuk  Amur State University, Staniychuk A.V.
Published: January 2021

An analysis is made of existing optical methods for studying the structural parameters of flat fiber-containing materials. The relevance of the applicability of such methods to the study of knitted materials is shown. A non-contact method for assessing the density of knitwear has been developed. The proposed method eliminates the mechanical effect on the test pattern.
IMPROVEMENT OF ART SKILL OF FUTURE TEACHER OF THE FINE ARTS DURING TRAINING AT THE MASTER CLASS IN THE EQUIPMENT MULTILAYERED WATERCOLOR PAINTING
Authors:   N.V. Martynova  Pacific State University, Martynova N.V. , Slipetskaya D.R. ,   D.R. Slipetskaya Pacific State University
Published: January 2021

Authors of article claim that future teacher of the fine arts during educational process in higher education institution has to seize a large number the technician and methods of watercolor painting. With it is helped by master classes from experts in the field. Future teacher of the fine arts has to not only learn it, but also own a teaching technique. Level of his art skill depends on continuous self-improvement and is the key to successful future pedagogical activity.
A review on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical aspects of remdesivir and favipiravir for the treatment of coronavirus disease
Authors: Kumar Inder
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus disease has spread all over the world. Till now no medicine, vaccine, and any other monoclonal antibodies have been approved for the diagnosis or prevention of COVID-19. In many countries, doctors are considering “repurposing” different approved drugs like interferon-ɑ, lopinavir/ ritonavir, ribavirin, and chloroquine phosphate, etc. to treat COVID-19. Remedesivir (GS-5734) is a prodrug of monophosphoramidate of adenosine analogue. Remedesivir block the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerease (RdRp). Favipiravir (T-705) is also a prodrug and was revealed during evaluating the antiviral activity of chemical agents concerning the influenza virus. This review summarizes the status, mechanisms, preclinical research, and clinical trial progress of remedesivir and favipiravir for the treatment of COVID-19.

Keywords: coronavirus disease, favipiravir, remdesivir, clinical trials, pharmacodynamics
Microsponge as an Emerging Technique in Novel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Borawake Payal D , Kauslya Arumugam , Shinde Jitendra V , Chavan Rajashree S
Published: January 2021

Numbers of developments are implemented in drug delivery system to achieve the goals of optimized efficacy, cost effectiveness of therapy. One of the latest, novel and highly evolving technologies is microsponge drug delivery system which gives controlled release and site specific delivery of active ingredients. They are highly cross linked, porous and polymeric microspheres with size range of 5-300µm. This system is emerging as valuable option for topical delivery of drugs due to characteristics like decreased side effects, improved stability, better formulation flexibility, superior product performance. It is having number of applications in oral, topical, ocular and biopharmaceuticals delivery. The current review describes microsponge technology and details of the formulation methods, evaluation, programmable release mechanisms and applications.  

Keywords: Microsponges; Controlled release; Quasi emulsion solvent diffusion; Programmable drug release; Oral administration; Topical drug delivery.
Formulation and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablet of Fluvastatin Sodium
Authors: Kanathe Pooja , Jain Ruchi , Jain Nilesh , Jain Surendra Kumar
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research work is to formulate and evaluate the Orodispersible tablet of Fluvastatin Sodium to enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of the drug. The objectives of the drug work were to formulate and evaluate Orodispersible tablets of Fluvastatin Sodium, having adequate mechanical strength, rapid disintegration, and fast action. Precompression parameters like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index & post-compression parameters like wetting time, water absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration, and in-vitro dispersion time were studied. The hardness, friability, and drug content of all the formulations were found to be within the limits. The best formulation PK09 has shown good disintegration time, dissolution time, and dispersion time. The optimized formulation of batch PK9 gave the best in-vitro release of 99.60% in 3min in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The release of the drug followed the matrix diffusion mechanism as compared to the commercial formulation. Formulation PK9 gives quick disintegration and better drug release. Hence it can be concluded that the formulation of PK9 is stable and effective for quick action and it is an alternative to the conventional tablets.

Keywords:  Orodispersible Tablets, Fluvastatin Sodium, Fast dissolving/disintegrating tablets, GIT, bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, superdisintegrants
A Review on Microsphere
Authors: Gavhane Prafull , Deshmukh Madhuri , Khopade Abhijit N. , Kunjir Vaibhavi V. , Shete Rajkumar V.
Published: January 2021

The microsphere is having free-flowing powder properties that are incorporate proteins and synthetic or natural polymer. This polymer is biodegradable in nature and particle size having less than 200 µm. Advanced drug delivery system has various advantages over the mainstream multi dose therapy. The microsphere's drug delivery systems are acceptable for attained delay or sustained release formulation with minimum risk of dose repeatability and small gastric habitation time. The present review provides a complete discussion of therapeutic aspects of the microsphere drug delivery system into deliberation of the required area for microparticulate, types of polymers used, method of preparation, type of microspheres in detail, parameters & targeting of microspheres & practical aspects of microspheres.

Keywords: Microspheres, bioavailability, types, classification, ideal properties, evaluation, etc.