bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships between cation and nitrate concentrations in soil solutions from mature and harvested red alder stands
Authors: Homann Peter S. , Cole Dale W. , Miegroet Helga Van , Compton Jana E.
Published: February 2008

Concentrations of dissolved cations available for plant uptake and leaching are affected by many factors, including anion dynamics. To determine the relationship of dissolved cations to NO3−, soil solutions were sampled monthly with ceramic tension lysimeters for up to 8 years from O, A, and B horizons in mature red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K, but not Na, displayed greater temporal variation under red alder, where nitrification-produced NO3− varied considerably, than under Douglas-fir, where NO3− was near zero. In red alder soil solutions, Ca and Mg were strongly positively correlated with NO3− at all soil depths (r2 = 0.94–0.83; p < 0.000 01), while K and Na were not as strongly related to NO3− (r2 = 0.40–0.03; p = 0.0001 to > 0.2). In the B horizon, dissolved Ca and Mg paralleled the decrease in NO3− that occurred during the 4 years following harvest of red alder. In contrast, Ca and Mg were maintained at relatively high levels in the O and A horizons, possibly by increased levels of dissolved organic anions that partially offset the decline in anionic charge associated with the decrease in NO3−. In the O and A horizons following harvest, K was initially elevated but decreased to low levels during the following 4 years.
Ozone-induced metabolic changes in Scots pine: mRNA isolation and analysis of in vitro translated proteins
Authors: Grobkopf E. , Wegener-Strake A. , Sandermann Jr. H. , Ernst D.
Published: February 2008

A rapid isolation procedure for intact poly(A)+ RNA from Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) is described. Translation products of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from 6-week-old Scots pine seedlings treated with ozone (0.3 μL/L) for 8 h were analyzed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Both qualitative and quantitative differences in the translation products were observed after ozone fumigation. Expression of specific mRNAs, coding for stress-induced polypeptides between 12 kD and 50 kD, was demonstrated after 8 h of ozone treatment.
Using hemispherical photography for estimating photosynthetic photon flux density under canopies and in gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Easter M.J. , Spies T.A.
Published: February 2008

Our primary objective in this study was to determine if hemispherical (fish-eye) photographs could be used to estimate photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in mature and old-growth Pseudotsuga–Tsuga forests in the Oregon and Washington Cascade Range. LI-COR quantum sensors sampled PPFD at 10-s intervals at six points in each of two old-growth stands from January to December of 1991. Direct measures of PPFD were also made with photodiodes, which were calibrated against quantum sensors. They were used to sample PPFD for 6- to 14-day periods during the summer at 15 points in each of four stands, two mature and two old growth. Hemispherical photographs were taken at these sample points and were digitized and analyzed using the program CANOPY. The software predicts overall site openness and openness along the sun path. Regression models were developed based upon those parameters. The models predicted the mean daily PPFD for each month of the year. Two major factors were found that influenced regression models: stand age–structure (mature vs. old growth) and sky conditions (dry vs. wet seasons). Canopies in mature stands were more open than old growth stands, and their PPFD models were more heavily influenced by overall site openness. Conversely, PPFD models for old-growth canopies were more heavily influenced by openness along the sun path. Wet-season models were dominated by diffuse PPFD (overall site openness), and dry-season models were dominated by direct flux (openness along the sun path). Combining data sets from stands of comparable age–structure and seasons considerably increased regression R2-values.
Immune suppression blocks sodium-sensitive hypertension following recovery from ischemic acute renal failure
Authors: Pechman Kimberly R. , Basile David P. , Lund Hayley , Mattson David L.
Published: February 2008

The present study determined the effect of immune suppression with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on sodium-sensitive hypertension following recovery from ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute renal failure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed 0.4% NaCl chow were subjected to 40 min bilateral I/R or control sham surgery. After 35 days of recovery, when plasma creatinine levels had returned to normal, the rats were switched to 4.0% NaCl chow for 28 days and administered vehicle or MMF (20 mg·kg−1·day−1 ip). High-salt mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in I/R rats (144 ± 16 mmHg) compared with vehicle-treated sham rats (122 ± 2 mmHg). Treatment of I/R rats with MMF during the period of high salt intake prevented the salt-induced increase in arterial pressure (114 ± 3 mmHg). Conscious creatinine clearance was lower in I/R rats (0.27 ± 0.07 ml·min−1·100 g body wt−1) compared with vehicle-treated sham rats (0.58 ± 0.04 ml·min−1·100 g body wt−1); MMF treatment prevented the decrease in creatinine clearance in I/R rats (0.64 ± 0.07 ml·min−1·100 g body wt−1). I/R injury also significantly increased glomerular tissue damage and increased the presence of ED-1 positive (macrophages) and S100A4 positive cells (fibroblasts) in the renal interstitium. The I/R rats treated with MMF exhibited a significant reduction in infiltrating macrophages and fibroblasts and decreased histological damage. The present data indicate that infiltrating immune cells mediate or participate in the development of sodium-sensitive hypertension and renal damage in rats apparently recovered from renal I/R injury.
Prayer Rescue and Redemption in the Mekilta
Authors: Blidstein Gerald
Published: February 2008

It is generally acknowledged that activist Jewish opposition to Rome waned after the futile Bar Kokhba revolt. This judgement has been based on the historical record, in which such opposition is absent. In this paper I show that this shift in policy has left literary traces, particularly in the Tannaitic midrash, Mekilta. Such traces show the rabbis disparaging physical violence in their reading of the exodus from Egypt, and then urging prayer as the most appropriate and potent tactic in the struggle for freedom. In all this, the release from Egyptian bondage symbolizes the ultimate deliverance from Roman power.
The Representation of Theatricality in Philo's Embassy to Gaius
Authors: Muehlberger Ellen
Published: February 2008

In this paper I argue that Philo's Embassy to Gaius makes use of the literary paradigm of theatricality, a strategy of representation marked by the portrayal of multiple and competing discourses amongst those in unequal relations of power, as well as an emphasis on the arts of acting and discernment. The Embassy marks an appearance of the theatrical paradigm which is earlier than its use by Tacitus, whose portrayal of Nero in the Annals Shadi Bartsch has seen as the harbinger of this theme in Roman historiography.
A Comparison of Soil Moisture Models Using Soil Climate Analysis Network Observations
Authors: Meng Lei , Quiring Steven M.
Published: February 2008

Because of the lack of field measurements, models are often used to monitor soil moisture conditions. Therefore, it is important to find a model that can accurately simulate soil moisture under a variety of land surface conditions. In this paper, three models of varying complexities [the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC), Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT), and Climatic Water Budget (CWB) models] that are commonly used for simulating soil moisture were evaluated and compared using soil moisture data (1997–2005) from three Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) sites (Bushland, Texas; Prairie View, Texas; Powder Mill, Maryland). Results demonstrated that DSSAT and VIC simulated soil moisture more accurately than CWB at the three SCAN sites. DSSAT and VIC both accurately simulated the annual cycle of soil moisture and the wetting and drying in response to weather conditions, as evidenced by the relatively strong correlations, but could not accurately simulate the actual soil water content in the upper soil layers (the mean coefficients of efficiency E for all DSSAT and VIC simulations were −0.8 and −2.6, respectively). CWB could not accurately simulate soil moisture at any of the SCAN sites. Model performance varied significantly not only from model to model but also from year to year and from location to location. Model sensitivity analysis using the factorial approach suggests that DSSAT is more sensitive than VIC and that model sensitivity varies by locations, indicating that parameter sensitivity is more strongly controlled by climatic gradients than by changes in soil properties.
3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type III Deficiency: A Novel Mechanism for Hirsutism
Authors: Steiner Anne Z. , Chang Lilly , Ji Qing , Ookhtens Murad , Stolz Andrew , Paulson Richard J. , Stanczyk Frank Z.
Published: February 2008

Context: Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the primary active androgen in peripheral target tissues, is metabolized by 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type III (3α-HSD), encoded by the AKR1C2 gene, forming 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α-diol). 3α-HSD may play a role in the pathogenesis of hirsutism.

Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the role of 3α-HSD in hirsutism by comparing 1) tissue levels of active androgens, 2) relative gene expression of AKR1C2, and 3) activity of 3α-HSD in genital skin from normal and hirsute women.

Design: Genital skin was obtained from normal and hirsute women. After homogenization, testosterone (T) and DHT levels were quantified by conventional RIA. From isolated RNA, relative expression of AKR1C2 was determined by real-time PCR. In addition, minced genital skin was incubated with [3H]DHT, and the product, [3H]3α-diol, was quantified by radio-HPLC.

Setting: The study took place at an inner-city hospital.

Patients: Patients included women undergoing posterior colporrhaphy.

Main Outcome Measures: We assessed 1) tissue levels of T, DHT, and 3α-diol; 2) relative expression of AKR1C2; and 3) conversion ratio of [3H]3α-diol to [3H]DHT.

Results: In genital skin, tissue DHT and T concentrations in hirsute women were 1.90-fold and 1.84-fold higher than in normal women (P =0 .002 and 0.03), and relative expression of AKR1C2 mRNA was reduced approximately 7-fold (P = 0.04). Genital skin from hirsute women showed less metabolism of [3H]DHT to [3H]3α-diol (conversion ratio, 0.24 ± 0.19 vs. 0.85 ± 0.55, P = 0.01).

Conclusions: In genital skin of hirsute women, reduced AKR1C2 gene expression and 3α-HSD activity results in decreased DHT metabolism and elevated tissue levels of DHT. Diminished DHT metabolism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hirsutism.
Prediction of persistent pain after total knee replacement for osteoarthritis
Authors: Lundblad H. , Kreicbergs A. , Jansson K.-å.
Published: February 2008

We suggest that different mechanisms underlie joint pain at rest and on movement in osteoarthritis and that separate assessment of these two features with a visual analogue scale (VAS) offers better information about the likely effect of a total knee replacement (TKR) on pain. The risk of persistent pain after TKR may relate to the degree of central sensitisation before surgery, which might be assessed by determining the pain threshold to an electrical stimulus created by a special tool, the Pain Matcher. Assessments were performed in 69 patients scheduled for TKR. At 18 months after operation, separate assessment of pain at rest and with movement was again carried out using a VAS in order to enable comparison of pre- and post-operative measurements. A less favourable outcome in terms of pain relief was observed for patients with a high pre-operative VAS score for pain at rest and a low pain threshold, both features which may reflect a central sensitisation mechanism.
New polyethylenes in total hip replacement
Authors: García-Rey E. , García-Cimbrelo E. , Cruz-Pardos A. , Ortega-Chamarro J.
Published: February 2008

Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene sterilised in the absence of air and highly cross-linked polyethylene have been used to avoid osteolysis and loosening in total hip replacement. Our prospective randomised study has assessed the results using two different polyethylenes associated with the same prosthetic design. We assessed 45 Allofit acetabular components with a Sulene-polyethylene liner of conventional polyethylene gamma sterilised with nitrogen and 45 Allofit acetabular components with a Durasul-polyethylene liner sterilised in ethylene oxide, both matched with an Alloclassic stem with a 28 mm modular femoral head. The prostheses were implanted between May 1999 and December 2001. The mean follow-up was for 66.3 months (60 to 92). The linear penetration of the femoral head was estimated at 6 weeks, at 6 and 12 months and annually thereafter from standardised digitised radiographs using image-analysis software.

There was no loosening of any prosthetic component. There were no radiolucent lines or osteolysis. The mean rate of penetration calculated from regression analysis during the first five years was 38 μm/year (sd 2) for the Sulene group and 6 μm/year (sd 1) for the Durasul group (p = 0.00002). The rate of penetration of the Durasul group was 15.7% of that of the Sulene group.
A clarifying analysis of feedback error learning in an LTI framework
Authors: Nilsson Magnus , Egardt Bo
Published: February 2008

Feedback error learning (FEL) is a proposed technique for reference‐feedforward adaptive control. FEL in a linear and time‐invariant (LTI) framework has been studied recently; the studies can be seen as proposed solutions to a ‘feedforward MRAC’ problem. This paper reanalyzes two suggested schemes with new interpretations and conclusions. It motivates the suggestion of an alternative scheme for reference‐feedforward adaptive control, based on a certainty‐equivalence approach. The suggested scheme differs from the analyzed ones by a slight change in both the estimator and the control law. Boundedness and error convergence are then guaranteed when the estimator uses normalization combined with parameter projection onto a convex set where stability of the estimated closed‐loop system holds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of linkage disequilibrium on the Xq13.3 region: Comparison between the Azores islands and mainland Portugal
Authors: Branco Claudia C. , Cabrol Ester , Bento Marta São , Gomes Cidália T. , Cabral Rita , Vicente Astrid M. , Pacheco Paula R. , Mota‐Vieira Luisa
Published: February 2008

The design of genetic studies of complex diseases is dependent on the extent and distribution of linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the genome in different populations. Here, we characterize the extent of LD in the Azores (Western, Central, and Eastern island groups) and mainland Portugal populations. LD was evaluated in the Xq13.3 region by genotyping eight STR markers spanning 20.9 Mb. Standardized multiallelic disequilibrium coefficient (D′) analysis indicates that the Western group presents higher values when compared with the Central and Eastern groups. However, all island groups show values of D′ lower than 0.5 and 0.33, suggesting no extensive LD in these populations. Taken together, the data show that the Azorean population presents a lower D′ (0.142) than mainland Portugal (0.226). Although, both populations do not show extensive LD, the easy reconstruction of large pedigrees in the Azorean population is a valuable resource for the fine mapping of disease genes. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental profiles in young children with Prader–Labhart–Willi syndrome: Effects of weight and therapy with growth hormone or coenzyme Q10
Authors: Eiholzer Urs , Meinhardt Udo , Rousson Valentin , Petrovic Nelica , Schlumpf Michael , l'Allemand Dagmar
Published: February 2008

Muscle hypotonia and failure to thrive are key symptoms of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) allowing diagnosis during infancy already. Improved general care as well as Coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) and growth hormone (GH) are administered to improve PWS children's outcome. This study aims to investigate psychomotor development of young PWS children in relation to body weight and body composition at baseline as well as to the effects of GH or CoQ10therapy. Twenty‐six young children (age 1.0 ± 0.1 years, mean ± SEM) with PWS genetically proven at age 0.1 ± 0.1 years (17 deletions, 8 maternal disomy) were divided into three groups: Group 1 on GH therapy (started in 1994–1996, 6 mg/kg/week) tolerating low body weight (<50th centile), group 2 on GH (1997–2000) and group 3 on CoQ10(2001–2002, 2.5 mg/kg/day orally), both combined with active early weight management to achieve weight >50th centile. Anthropometry, body composition and Griffith's developmental scores (DQs) were assessed before therapy and after 12 months. DQs were not related to infants' weight, lean mass or genetic background. DQs improved significantly with chronological age and were best in the most recently diagnosed group. Improved psychomotor development, mainly due to progress in locomotor development, did not differ between GH and CoQ10treated groups. In conclusion, while only GH has significant effects on growth and body composition, GH and CoQ10therapy act equally on psychomotor development of PWS infants. However, improving psychomotor development may merely reflect an age‐related phenomenon additionally depending on early diagnosis and introduction of appropriate care. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C‐reactive protein across the menstrual cycle
Authors: Wander Katherine , Brindle Eleanor , O'Connor Kathleen A.
Published: February 2008

C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used, sensitive biomarker of inflammation. Studies conducted among users of exogenous hormones suggest that estrogen increases CRP, whereas progesterone decreases CRP. Examinations of CRP in normally cycling women suggest the opposite: CRP is negatively associated with endogenous estrogen and positively associated with endogenous progesterone. This work evaluates the association between menstrual cycle‐related hormone changes and events (menstruation and ovulation) and CRP. Eight female subjects gave urine and blood samples from twelve days across the menstrual cycle, for a total of eleven cycles. Blood samples were assayed for CRP; urine samples for β‐follicle stimulating hormone (βFSH), pregnanediol 3‐glucuronide (PDG), and estrone glucuronide (E1G). Ovulation day was estimated using hormone levels. Presence or absence of menses was reported by subjects. Analyses were conducted with random‐effects linear regression. All cycles were ovulatory; day of ovulation was identified for nine cycles. A ten‐fold increase in progesterone was associated with a 23% increase in CRP (P = 0.01), a ten‐fold increase in estrogen was associated with a 29% decrease in CRP (P = 0.05), and menses was associated with a 17% increase in CRP (P = 0.18); no association between ovulation or FSH and CRP was found. Hormone changes across the menstrual cycle should be controlled for in future studies of inflammation in reproductive‐age women. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of process parameters and composition on mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polypropylene/sawdust composites
Authors: Bettini Sílvia Helena Prado , Uliana Arnaldo Toledo , Holzschuh Dennis
Published: February 2008

Polypropylene/sawdust composites have been prepared according to a statistical experimental design, with varying sawdust and compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted PP) concentrations. To investigate process conditions, composites were first extruded in a twin screw extruder coupled to a Haake torque rheometer, without degassing, and then reextruded in a Werner Pfleiderer twin screw extruder, with two degassing zones. Process conditions were analyzed according to statistical techniques. Effect of the variables on mechanical properties was assessed through flexural modulus, tensile strength, and percent elongation at break and morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Comparison between the extruded and reextruded compounds indicated the need to reduce moisture, prior to and during processing, as well as the need of effective mixing of the compounds. Sawdust concentration showed to be the variable which affected most all properties assessed. Increase in sawdust concentration resulted in increased composite stiffness. The presence of the compatibilizer caused a slight increase in tensile strength and reduction in percent elongation at break, indicating improved adhesion at the PP/sawdust interface. The reprocessed compounds were also analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
ChemInform Abstract: The Valence Problem of Pd4Br4Te3.
Authors: Janetzky Manuel , Roedel Eva , Pietzonka Clemens , Mueller Ulrich , Ressler Thorsten , Harbrecht Bernd
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe2II(PO4)(OH), a Synthetic Analogues of Wolfeite.
Authors: Hatert Frederic
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Growth of Epitaxial MgB2 Thick Films with Columnar Structures by Using HPCVD.
Authors: Seong Won Kyung , Huh Ji Young , Kang Won Nam , Kim Jeong‐Woon , Kwon Yong‐Seung , Yang Nam‐Keun , Park Je‐Geun
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Photocatalytic Water Splitting Device for Separate Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution.
Authors: Selli Elena , Chiarello Gian Luca , Quartarone Eliana , Mustarelli Piercarlo , Rossetti Ilenia , Forni Lucio
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferromagnetically Coupled Dimer of Cu(II)‐Substituted γ‐Decatungstosilicate.
Authors: Liu Hongsheng , Gomez‐Garcia Carlos J. , Peng Jun , Feng Yuhua , Su Zhongmin , Sha Jingquan , Wang Lixia
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Allylation of Aldehydes and Ketones Using Chiral Pyridine Bis(diphenyloxazoline)‐Indium Complexes.
Authors: Chen Wei‐Yi , Li Xin‐Sheng
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxymethylpyridine Catalysts for the Enantioselective Alkynylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Liebehentschel Sabrina , Cvengros Jan , Jacobi Axel , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Olefins with Hydrazine‐Derived Diphosphoramidites.
Authors: Eberhardt Luc , Armspach Dominique , Matt Dominique , Oswald Benoit , Toupet Loic
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Method for the Addition of Disulfides to Alkenes.
Authors: Yamagiwa Noriyuki , Suto Yutaka , Torisawa Yasuhiro
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Coupling Reactions of Benzynes and 1,3‐Diones: A Novel Synthesis of 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1,3‐diones.
Authors: Yang Yun‐Yun , Shou Wang‐Ge , Wang Yan‐Guang
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenylboranes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of Alkynyltriarylborates with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Miura Tomoya , Murakami Masahiro
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Yb(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Propargylation and Allenylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Derivatives with Propargylic Alcohols: One‐Pot Synthesis of Multi Substituted Furocoumarin.
Authors: Huang Wen , Wang Jialiang , Shen Quansheng , Zhou Xigeng
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed, Cu(I)‐Mediated Cross‐Couplings of Bisarylthiocyclobutenediones with Boronic Acids and Organostannanes.
Authors: Aguilar‐Aguilar Angelica , Liebeskind Lanny S. , Pena‐Cabrera Eduardo
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 2,6‐Diazaspiro[3.3]heptanes.
Authors: Hamza Daniel , Stocks Michael J. , Decor Anne , Pairaudeau Garry , Stonehouse Jeffrey P.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis of 3‐(2,6‐Dihydroxyphenyl)phthalides: Application to the Synthesis of Isopestacin and Cryphonectric Acid.
Authors: Mal Dipakranjan , Pahari Pallab , De Saroj Ranjan
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alum (KAl(SO4)2×12H2O): An Efficient and Inexpensive Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Dabiri Minoo , Salehi Peyman , Baghbanzadeh Mostafa , Bahramnejad Mahboobeh
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated 1,8‐Naphthyridinone Derivatives.
Authors: Repine Joseph T. , Johnson Douglas S. , Stuk Timothy , White Andrew D. , Stier Michael A. , Li Tingsheng , Yang Zhixiang , Maiti Samarendra N.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of a New Structural Phenanthro[9,10,3′,4′]indolizidine Starting from Pyrrole.
Authors: Wang Kailiang , Wang Qingmin , Huang Runqiu
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: TTF‐Cytosine Dyad as an Electron‐Donor Molecule Having Proton‐Accepting Ability: Formation of Hemiprotonated Cytosine Dimer in I3‐ Salt.
Authors: Miyazaki Eigo , Morita Yasushi , Yakiyama Yumi , Maki Suguru , Umemoto Yoshikazu , Ohmoto Makoto , Nakasuji Kazuhiro
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Succinonitrile Activated by Thiating Agents as Precursor of Bis‐cyclic Amidines, Tectons for Molecular Engineering.
Authors: Machaj Malgorzata , Pach Malgorzata , Wolek Aneta , Zabrzenska Anna , Ostrowska Katarzyna , Kalinowska‐Tluscik Justyna , Oleksyn Barbara
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Substituted [1]Benzopyrano[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐5‐ones.
Authors: Strakova I. , Petrova M. , Belyakov S. , Strakovs A.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of Quinazolinone TGF‐β RI Inhibitor Through One‐Pot Three‐Component Suzuki—Miyaura/Etherification and Imidate—Amide Rearrangement Reactions.
Authors: Li Hong‐yu , Wang Yan , McMillen William T. , Chatterjee Arindam , Toth John E. , Mundla Sreenivasa R. , Voss Matthew , Boyer Robert D. , Sawyer J. Scott
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Azobenzenes Tethered with Polyether Unit at the meta‐Positions.
Authors: Kim Hee‐Yeon , Lee Woo‐Jin , Hong Sung‐Cho , Cho Cheon‐Gyu
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Diethyl Thiocyanatomethylphosphonate with Aldehydes as a Route to Diethyl Z‐1‐Alkenylphosphonates
Authors: Blaszczyk Roman , Gajda Tadeusz
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis‐Acid‐Mediated Enantioselective Silylphosphination of Aldehydes: Preparation of Optically Active α‐Hydroxyalkylphosphine Derivatives (III).
Authors: Matsuura Yutaka , Yamasaki Toshikazu , Watanabe Yutaka , Hayashi Minoru
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Photochromic Dithienylethenes Having Quinoline and Triazolo[4,3‐a]quinoline Bridges.
Authors: Krayushkin M. M. , Lichitskii B. V. , Pashchenko D. V. , Antonov I. A. , Nabatov B. V. , Dudinov A. A.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 19β,28‐Epoxy‐23,24‐dinor‐A‐neo‐18α‐olean‐4‐en‐3‐one from Betulin
Authors: Medvedeva N. I. , Flekhter O. B. , Kukovinets O. S. , Galin F. Z. , Tolstikov G. A. , Baglin I. , Cave C.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(III) Acetate Mediated Oxidation of Aporphines: A Convenient and Useful Synthesis of Oxoaporphines.
Authors: Singh Om V. , Huang Wei‐Jan , Chen Chung‐Hsiung , Lee Shoei‐Sheng
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Acutumine Spirocycle via a Radical—Polar Crossover Reaction.
Authors: Li Fang , Castle Steven L.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Attempts Towards the Synthesis of Feigrisolide B.
Authors: Kumar K. Raman , Sharma G. V. M.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis of Vialinin A, a Novel and Extremely Potent Inhibitor of TNF‐α Production.
Authors: Ye Yue Qi , Koshino Hiroyuki , Onose Jun‐ichi , Yoshikawa Kunie , Abe Naoki , Takahashi Shunya
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cold Plasma in the Nanotechnology of Catalysts
Authors: Tyczkowski Jacek , Kapica Ryszard
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Progression of Synthetic Strategies to Assemble Titanium Complexes Bearing the Terminal Imide Group
Authors: Fout Alison R. , Kilgore Uriah J. , Mindiola Daniel J.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rotaxanes and Catenanes by Click Chemistry
Authors: Miljanic Ognjen S , Dichtel William R. , Aprahamian Ivan , Rohde Rosemary D. , Agnew Heather D. , Heath James R. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Porphyrin Catalyzed Epoxidation of Olefins by Hydrogen Peroxide: An Analysis of the Reaction Mechanism and the Factors Affecting Catalyst Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Stephenson Ned A. , Bell Alexis T.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: tert‐Butyl‐N‐chlorocyanamide: A Novel and Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kaushik Mahabir P.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Crystals on the Move: From Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Photoreactions to Molecular Machinery
Authors: Garcia‐Garibay Miguel A.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of α‐Helical Peptides and Mimetics
Authors: Garner James , Harding Margaret M.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Modeling of CyDs and Their Complexes
Authors: Dodziuk Helena
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosensing with Polydiacetylene Materials: Structures, Optical Properties and Applications
Authors: Reppy Mary A. , Pindzola Bradford A.
Published: February 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Can magnetic resonance imaging be used to select patients for sentinel lymph node biopsy in prophylactic mastectomy?
Authors: McLaughlin Sarah A. , Stempel Michelle , Morris Elizabeth A. , Liberman Laura , King Tari A.
Published: February 2008

BACKGROUND

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in the setting of prophylactic mastectomy (PM) remains controversial. In the current study, recent experience with PM was described and the value of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was analyzed in selecting patients for PM with or without SLNB.

METHODS

Between January 1999 and January 2006, 529 patients underwent 613 PMs. Both preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and SLNB were performed selectively at the discretion of the surgeon.

RESULTS

Occult cancer was identified in 33 of 613 PMs (5%) (10 invasive and 23 ductal carcinoma in situ cases). PM with SLNB was performed in 393 of 529 patients (74%), 178 of whom underwent MRI. Of these, occult cancer was found in 6 of 178 patients (3%), all of whom had negative SLNB. Preoperative MRI was concordant with PM in 4 of 6 cases with occult carcinoma. The remaining 215 of 393 patients (55%) underwent PM with SLNB without MRI. Occult cancer was found in 18 of 215 patients (8%); 3 had positive SLNB. Overall, PM with SLNB spared 4 of 393 patients (1%) from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Among 136 patients undergoing PM alone, 57 had preoperative MRI. MRI detected 5 cancers and PM revealed an additional 4 occult carcinomas not detected by MRI. Overall, 9 of 136 patients (7%) undergoing PM alone were found to have occult cancer, 3 of which were invasive, raising the decision of reoperation with ALND.

CONCLUSIONS

Occult cancer was identified in 5% of PMs. PM with or without SLNB spared only 4 of 393 patients (1%) from undergoing ALND, whereas PM alone identified unsuspected invasive disease in 3 of 136 patients (2%). When performed, MRI accurately ruled out the presence of an invasive cancer in the prophylactic breast, suggesting that MRI can be used to select patients for PM without SLNB. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Sfrp1, Sfrp2, and Sfrp5 regulate the Wnt/β‐catenin and the planar cell polarity pathways during early trunk formation in mouse
Authors: Satoh Wataru , Matsuyama Makoto , Takemura Hiromasa , Aizawa Shinichi , Shimono Akihiko
Published: February 2008

Sfrp is a secreted Wnt antagonist that directly interacts with Wnt ligand. We show here that inactivation of Sfrp1, Sfrp2, and Sfrp5 leads to fused somites formation in early‐somite mouse embryos, simultaneously resulting in defective convergent extension (CE), which causes severe shortening of the anteroposterior axis. These observations indicate the redundant roles of Sfrp1, Sfrp2, and Sfrp5 in early trunk formation. The roles of the Sfrps were genetically distinguished in terms of the regulation of Wnt pathways. Genetic analysis combining Sfrps mutants and Loop‐tail mice revealed the involvement of Sfrps in CE through the regulation of the planar cell polarity pathway. Furthermore, Dkk1‐deficient embryos carrying Sfrp1 homozygous and Sfrp2 heterozygous mutations display irregular somites and indistinct intersomitic boundaries, which indicates that Sfrps‐mediated inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is necessary for somitogenesis. Our results suggest that Sfrps regulation of the canonical and noncanonical pathways is essential for proper trunk formation. genesis 46:92–103, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Watermarking in halftone images with mixed halftone techniques
Authors: Guo Jing‐Ming , Lee Hua
Published: February 2008

Ordered dithering and error diffusion are the two most popular processes to produce halftone results for printing industry. Ordered dithering inherently has the benefit of efficiency. On the other hand, error diffusion has high quality and reasonable complexity. In this article, we propose a watermarking that adopts the ordered dithering to produce the referenced halftone image, then applying the noise‐balanced error diffusion to embed the watermark. A low computational complexity, low memory demand, and good embedded image quality are achieved with the proposed technique. From the experimental results, this technique can guard against the cropping and print‐and‐scan two major degradation processes in halftone images. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 303–314, 2007
Drug‐binding hydrogels of hyaluronic acid functionalized with β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Zawko Scott A. , Truong Quan , Schmidt Christine E.
Published: February 2008

Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels are attractive materials for biomedical applications because they are porous, water‐swelling, biocompatible, biodegradable, and resistant to non‐specific cell adhesion. A limitation of HA hydrogels is that incorporation of bioactive drugs can be restricted by low solubility of drug within the hydrogel environment. Our goal was to synthesize HA hydrogels that bind drug through hydrophobic interactions as a method for increasing drug loading. We functionalized photocrosslinked HA hydrogels with a methacryloyl derivative of β‐cyclodextrin (βCD). βCD is a molecular “basket” with a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic cavity. Inclusion complexes are formed when βCD hosts all or part of a hydrophobic drug within the cavity. HA hydrogels functionalized with methacryloyl‐βCD monomer gained the property of inclusion complexation which greatly enhanced the uptake of a model hydrophobic drug, hydrocortisone. Pre‐incubation of the hydrogels with adamantane carboxylic acid (ACA) inhibited hydrocortisone uptake by competition for βCD cavities. In addition, control hydrogels of HA functionalized with αCD monomer were not efficient at hydrocortisone uptake because the αCD cavity is too small for efficient complexation. These experiments confirmed that the βCD monomer enhances drug loading by the mechanism of inclusion complexation. Drug‐binding HA‐βCD hydrogels may be further engineered to create HA‐based biomaterials with a built in drug delivery capability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008