bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the pharmacological and psychological treatment of child and adolescent ADHD in Australia: Protocol for a retrospective cohort study using linked national registry data
Authors: Sullivan Daniel P , Payne Leanne , Boulton Kelsie A , Silove Natalie , Bellgrove Mark A , Sciberras Emma , Coghill David R , Guastella Adam J , Middeldorp Christel M
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects 5% of children globally. In Australia, it is estimated that 4.1% of children and adolescents have ADHD. While research has examined the treatment and outcomes of children with ADHD attending public mental health services during their time in the public system in Australia, it is not known what treatment they received before and after these treatment episodes, which will provide a more complete understanding of these children’s treatment journey.

Methods and analysis

We will link clinical data from cohorts of children and adolescents treated in the public child and youth mental health and/or child development services in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney to the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS), Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and National Death Index. MBS data will demonstrate the treatment journey with respect to clinicians seen, and treatment episodes from the public health service data sets will be examined to assess if the type and intensity of treatment are related to treatment outcomes. PBS data will reveal all psychotropic medications prescribed, allowing an examination of not just ADHD medications, but also other psychotropics which may indicate co-occurring conditions (eg, anxiety and mood disorders). Statistical analyses will include descriptive statistics to describe the rates of specific medications and clinician specialties seen. Linear and logistic regression will be used to model how treatment and sociodemographic variables relate to routinely collected outcome measures in the public health system while controlling for covarying factors.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the following institutional ethics committees: (1) Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service (HREC/21/QCHQ/76260), (2) The University of Queensland (2021/HE002143) and (3) The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (EO2021/4/1300). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences, professional associations and to public mental health services that treat ADHD.
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of adult patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Zhao Chun , Hu YingJie , Wang Xiaojiao , Hao Fengming , Wang Ying , Chen Ling , Cai Wen Zhi
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) both threatens the health of affected patients long-term and also has a significantly negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. present, many clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed for NLUTD patients, but these CPGs may confuse healthcare professionals and patients due to their great difference in terms of scope, quality and content. This review aims to identify the CPGs for NLUTD patients published from 2012 to 2022, assess their quality and then analyse them in an integrated manner.

Methods and analysis

We will systematically search electronic healthcare databases (English databases including PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, UpToDate, and Best Practice and Chinese databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Periodical Resource Integration Service Platform and SinoMed), online CPG repositories and relevant professional association websites to identify eligible CPGs. The CPGs published in English and Chinese with full texts available within the period from January 2012 to March 2022 will be included in this study. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II will be used to assess the quality of included CPGs. According to the predesigned data table, the general characteristics of these CPGs, proposed recommendations and their quality of evidence, strength of recommendation and other information will be extracted. Qualitative thematic analysis will be applied to the extracted recommendations. A summary of the proposed recommendations, their quality of evidence, strength of recommendation and other information will eventually be described in a table. This review is expected to identify knowledge gaps in current CPGs and to identify the areas of the proposed recommendations derived from low-level evidence.

Ethics and dissemination 

This systematic review does not involve the participation of any subjects, and therefore no ethical approval is required. The findings of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated via conference presentations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022318180
Protocol for a scoping review of patient–clinician digital health interventions for the population with hip fracture
Authors: Backman Chantal , Papp Steve , Harley Anne , Houle Sandra , Skidmore Becky , Poitras Stephane , Green Maeghn , Shah Soha , Berdusco Randa , Beaulé Paul , French-Merkley Véronique
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Patient–clinician digital health interventions can potentially improve the care of patients with hip fracture transitioning from hospital to rehabilitation to home. Assisting older patients with a hip fracture and their caregivers in managing their postsurgery care is crucial for ensuring the best rehabilitation outcomes. With the increased availability and wide uptake of mobile devices, the use of digital health to better assist patients in their care has become more common. Among the older adult population, hip fractures are a common occurrence and integrated postsurgery care is key for optimal recovery. The overall aims are to examine the available literature on the impact of hip fracture-specific patient–clinician digital health interventions on patient outcomes and healthcare delivery processes; to identify the barriers and enablers to the uptake and implementation of these digital health interventions; and to provide strategies for improved use of digital health technologies.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology framework and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement for the Scoping Reviews reporting format. A search strategy will be developed, and key databases will be searched until approximately May 2022. A two-step screening process and data extraction of included studies will be performed by two reviewers. Any disagreement will be resolved by consensus or by a third reviewer. For the included studies, a narrative data synthesis will be conducted. Barriers and enablers identified will be mapped to the domains of the Theoretical Domains Framework and related strategies will be provided to guide the uptake of future patient–clinician digital health interventions.

Ethics and dissemination

This review does not require ethics approval. The results will be presented at a scientific conference and published in a peer-reviewed journal. We will also involve relevant stakeholders to determine appropriate approaches for dissemination.
Transitioning between paediatric and adult healthcare services: a qualitative study of the experiences of young people with spinal cord injuries and parents/caregivers
Authors: Bray Emily Alice , Salamonson Yenna , Everett Bronwyn , George Ajesh , Chapman Isabel A , Ramjan Lucie
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Healthcare transition (HCT) interventions are pivotal to paediatric rehabilitation. However, there has been limited research focusing on HCT in young people with spinal cord injury (SCI). To date, little has been reported on key factors that may contribute to a positive or negative transition experience and what, if any, are the gaps in the transition process. This study explored the experiences of transition from paediatric to adult healthcare for young people with SCI and parents/caregivers in pursuit of co-designing and developing an intervention to support transition.

Design, setting and participants

This qualitative study forms part of the planning phase of a larger participatory action research project. It supports obtaining a rich understanding of the phenomenon and the issues and actions necessary to achieve change. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted online between April and June 2021 with young people with SCI and parents/caregivers who had transitioned or were preparing for the transition from paediatric to adult healthcare in NSW, Australia. The interviews were analysed using an inductive reflexive thematic analysis approach.

Results

The study recruited nine participants, five young people with SCI and four parents/caregivers. The interviews provided invaluable insight into young people with SCI and their parents’/caregivers’ experiences of HCT. As HCT experiences were often less than optimal and needs were not adequately met, some recommendations were offered. These included a coordinated and streamlined handover from paediatric to adult healthcare providers, and a ‘one-stop shop’ for young people with SCI and their parents/caregivers to access transition information, such as how it occurs, who to call for ongoing support and advice, and tips on how to transition successfully.

Conclusion

Providing a coordinated and streamlined handover process as well as access to more context-related information could improve the transition experiences of young people with SCI and parents/caregivers, resulting in improved health outcomes and greater independence.

Trial registration

ACTRN12621000500853.
Stakeholders barriers and facilitators for the implementation of a personalised digital care pathway: a qualitative study
Authors: Heijsters Florence , Santema Jesse , Mullender Margriet , Bouman Mark-Bram , Bruijne Martine de , van Nassau Femke
Published: November 2022

Objective

A prerequisite for patient-centredness in healthcare organisations is offering patients access to adequate health information, which fits their needs. A personalised digital care pathway (PDCP) is a tool that facilitates the provision of tailored and timely information. Despite its potential, barriers influence the implementation of digital tools in healthcare organisations. Therefore, we investigated the perceived barriers and facilitators for implementation of the PDCP among stakeholders.

Design

A qualitative study was conducted to acquire insight into perceptions of the stakeholders involved in the implementation of a digital care pathway in three diverse patient groups.

Setting

This study is part of the PDCP research project in a large academic hospital in the Netherlands.

Participants

Purposive sampling was used to recruit internal stakeholders (eg, healthcare professionals, employees of the supporting departments) and external stakeholders (eg, employees of the external PDCP supplier). In addition, existing semistructured interviews with patients involved in pilot implementation (n=24) were used to verify the findings.

Results

We conducted 25 semistructured interviews using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Content analyses yielded four themes: (1) stakeholders’ perceptions of the PDCP (eg, perceived usefulness); (2) characteristics of the individuals involved and the implementation process (eg, individuals express resistance to change); (3) organisational readiness (eg, lack of resources); and (4) collaboration within the organisation (eg, mutual communication, multidisciplinary codesign). The main barriers mentioned by patients were duration of first activation and necessity for up-to-date content. In addition, the most facilitating factor for patients was user-friendliness.

Conclusion

Our findings emphasise the importance of gaining insights into the various perspectives of stakeholder groups, including patients, regarding the implementation of the PDCP. The perceived barriers and facilitators can be used to improve the PDCP implementation plan and tailor the development and improvement of other digital patient communication tools.
Combined incentive actions, focusing on primary care professionals, to improve cervical cancer screening in women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged geographical areas: a study protocol of a hybrid cluster randomised effectiveness and implementation trial- RESISTE
Authors: Hassine Amir , Antoni Guillemette , Fender Muriel , Slama Katia , Léandri François-Xavier , Fanon Jean-Luc , Auvray Christelle , Jaffar Bandjee Marie Christine , Traversier Nicolas , Fagour Laurence , Rochaix Lise , Fiorina Camilla , Pourette Dolorès , Opigez Eric , Dumont Alexandre , Bardou Marc , Study Group Resiste
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Cervical cancer (CC) causes thousands of deaths each year. Nearly 100% of cases are caused by oncogenic strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). In most industrialised countries, CC screening (CCS) is based on the detection of HPV infections. For many reasons including lower adherence to CCS, underserved women are more likely to develop CC, and die from it. We aim to demonstrate that the use of incentives could improve screening rates among this population.

Methods and analysis

Our cluster randomised, controlled trial will include 10 000 women aged 30–65 years eligible for CCS, living in deprived areas in four French departments, two mainlands and two overseas, and who did not perform physician-based HPV testing within the framework of the nationally organised screening programme. HPV self-sampling kit (HPVss) will be mailed to them. Two interventions are combined in a factorial analysis design ending in four arms: the possibility to receive or not a financial incentive of €20 and to send back the self-sampling by mail or to give it to a health professional, family doctor, gynaecologist, midwife or pharmacist. The main outcome is the proportion of women returning the HPVss, or doing a physician-based HPV or pap-smear test the year after receiving the HPVss. 12-month follow-up data will be collected through the French National Health Insurance database. We expect to increase the return rate of HPV self-samples by at least 10% (from 20% to 30%) compared with the postal return without economic incentive.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was first obtained on 2 April 2020, then on July 29 2022. The ethics committee classified the study as interventional with low risk, thus no formal consent is required for inclusion. The use of health insurance data was approved by the Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertés on 14 September 2021 (ref No 920276). An independent data security and monitoring committee was established. The main trial results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

NCT04312178.
Phenotypes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and all-cause mortality: unsupervised machine learning analysis of NHANES III
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M , Guzman-Vilca Wilmer Cristobal , Castillo-Cara Manuel , Alvizuri-Gómez Claudia , Alqahtani Saleh , Garcia-Larsen Vanessa
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a non-communicable disease with a rising prevalence worldwide and with large burden for patients and health systems. To date, the presence of unique phenotypes in patients with NAFLD has not been studied, and their identification could inform precision medicine and public health with pragmatic implications in personalised management and care for patients with NAFLD.

Design

Cross-sectional and prospective (up to 31 December 2019) analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988–1994).

Primary and secondary outcomes measures

NAFLD diagnosis was based on liver ultrasound. The following predictors informed an unsupervised machine learning algorithm (k-means): body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase. We summarised (means) and compared the predictors across clusters. We used Cox proportional hazard models to quantify the all-cause mortality risk associated with each cluster.

Results

1652 patients with NAFLD (mean age 47.2 years and 51.5% women) were grouped into 3 clusters: anthro-SBP-glucose (6.36%; highest levels of anthropometrics, SBP and glucose), lipid-liver (10.35%; highest levels of lipid and liver enzymes) and average (83.29%; predictors at average levels). Compared with the average phenotype, the anthro-SBP-glucose phenotype had higher all-cause mortality risk (aHR=2.88; 95% CI: 2.26 to 3.67); the lipid-liver phenotype was not associated with higher all-cause mortality risk (aHR=1.11; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.42).

Conclusions

There is heterogeneity in patients with NAFLD, whom can be divided into three phenotypes with different mortality risk. These phenotypes could guide specific interventions and management plans, thus advancing precision medicine and public health for patients with NAFLD.
Integrated Module of Multidimensional Omics for Peripheral Biomarkers (iMORE) in patients with major depressive disorder: rationale and design of a prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Zheng Yuzhen , Zhang Linna , He Shen , Xie Zuoquan , Zhang Jing , Ge Changrong , Sun Guangqiang , Huang Jingjing , Li Huafang
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a worldwide burden on healthcare and the response to antidepressants remains limited. Systems biology approaches have been used to explore the precision therapy. However, no reliable biomarker clinically exists for prognostic prediction at present. The objectives of theIntegrated Module ofMultidimensionalOmics for Peripheral Biomarkers (iMORE) study are to predict the efficacy of antidepressants by integrating multidimensional omics and performing validation in a real-world setting. As secondary aims, a series of potential biomarkers are explored for biological subtypes.

Methods and analysis

iMore is an observational cohort study in patients with MDD with a multistage design in China. The study is performed by three mental health centres comprising an observation phase and a validation phase. A total of 200 patients with MDD and 100 healthy controls were enrolled. The protocol-specified antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Clinical visits (baseline, 4 and 8 weeks) include psychiatric rating scales for symptom assessment and biospecimen collection for multiomics analysis. Participants are divided into responders and non-responders based on treatment response (>50% reduction in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale). Antidepressants’ responses are predicted and biomarkers are explored using supervised learning approach by integration of metabolites, cytokines, gut microbiomes and immunophenotypic cells. The accuracy of the prediction models constructed is verified in an independent validation phase.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the ethics committee of Shanghai Mental Health Center (approval number 2020-87). All participants need to sign a written consent for the study entry. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT04518592.
Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham and the psychology of the congenitally blind child
Authors: Schwartz Stephen G , Leffler Christopher T , Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: November 2022

Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham (1891–1979) was a leading child psychoanalyst with a particular interest in congenitally blind children. She was a daughter of the artist Louis Comfort Tiffany and a granddaughter of Charles Lewis Tiffany, founder of the retail empire. Suffering from an unhappy marriage to a psychiatrically ill husband, she emigrated to Europe with her four children seeking psychoanalysis. She ultimately became a lay psychoanalyst and a lifelong partner—both professional and personal—of Anna Freud (1895–1982). Burlingham, at age 67, founded a day nursery for blind children in London. Based on these experiences, she wrote extensively on the psychological problems facing these children. These included, among others, an impaired ego development, the need to remain still (both for safety concerns and to better employ their hearing), and their anomalous relations with their parents and their sighted peers. Her unusual life journey led to many important contributions to this field.
Palliative sedation in paediatric solid tumour patients: choosing the best drugs
Authors: Podda Marta Giorgia , Schiavello Elisabetta , Nigro Olga , Clerici Carlo Alfredo , Simonetti Fabio , Luksch Roberto , Terenziani Monica , Ferrari Andrea , Casanova Michela , Spreafico Filippo , Meazza Cristina , Chiaravalli Stefano , Biassoni Veronica , Gattuso Giovanna , Puma Nadia , Bergamaschi Luca , Sironi Givanna , Massimino Maura
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Cancer remains the leading cause of mortality by disease in childhood in high-income countries. For terminally ill children, care focuses on quality of life, and patient management fundamentally affects grieving families. This paper describes our experience of palliative sedation (PS) for children with refractory symptoms caused by solid tumours, focusing on the drugs involved.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data on all children treated for cancer who died at the pediatric oncology unit of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori between January 2016 and December 2020.

Results

Of the 29 patients eligible for the study, all but 4 received PS. Midazolam was always used, combined in 16 cases with other drugs (mainly classic neuroleptics, alpha-2 agonists and antihistamines). Throughout the period of PS and on the day of death, patients with sarcoma were given higher doses of midazolam and morphine, and more often received combinations of drugs than patients with brain tumours. Sarcoma causes significant symptoms, while brain tumours require less intensive analgesic-sedative therapies because they already impair a patient’s state of consciousness.

Conclusions

Optimising pharmacological treatments demands a medical team that knows how drugs (often developed for other indications) work. Emotional and relational aspects are important too, and any action to lower a patient’s consciousness should be explained to the family and justified. Parents should not feel like helpless witnesses. Guidelines on PS in paediatrics could help, providing they acknowledge that a child’s death is always a unique case.
Teratogenic medication use associated with favourable odds of contraception counselling in a cohort of women with systemic lupus erythematosus at a large tertiary academic medical centre
Authors: Chandramouli Shruti , Alvarez Carolina , Englund Tessa R , Silverstein R Gina , Sheikh Saira Z
Published: November 2022

Objective

SLE primarily affects women of childbearing age, who have an increased risk of pregnancy complications, especially in the setting of active disease. Contraception counselling is particularly important given the teratogenicity of some medications used for SLE treatment. Our study describes the frequency of contraception counselling provided by multiple subspecialties to women with SLE and investigates associations between teratogenic medication use and receiving contraception counselling.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional retrospective study of women (aged 15–46 years) diagnosed with SLE who were seen in various outpatient clinics at a large tertiary academic medical centre over a 2-year period. Demographic data were retrieved via the university-affiliated central data repository, and additional data, including documentation of contraception counselling, were obtained via manual chart abstraction. Univariable associations between variables and contraception counselling were assessed to produce unadjusted ORs and 95% CIs. Multivariable models were generated to evaluate independent associations between variables and contraception counselling.

Results

Data from 478 women (52% African American, 25% Caucasian) with SLE were included. Rheumatology was the subspecialty to document contraception counselling most frequently (57%). Nearly 80% of women received counselling from at least one subspecialty, 44% from at least two. Factors associated with having lower odds of receiving contraception counselling were older age and Caucasian race. Women on teratogenic medications (methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid, cyclophosphamide) had higher odds of receiving contraception counselling from at least one subspecialty (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.23 to 3.26), from two or more subspecialties (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.50 to 3.17), and from rheumatology (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.73).

Conclusions

In this study, women with SLE on teratogenic medications had higher odds of receiving contraception counselling from rheumatology and from at least two subspecialties. Multidisciplinary approaches to enhance contraception counselling should be encouraged.
Video consultations in community palliative care – patient satisfaction: mixed methods study
Authors: Lee Jessica , Mc Carthy Orfhlaith , Ryan Suzanne , Kiely Fiona
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Community palliative care (CPC) has traditionally been delivered face to face in the home or in the outpatient clinic setting. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the introduction of video consultation (VC) as a modality of CPC service provision. Evidence supports the feasibility of VC in CPC. There is a paucity of evidence regarding patient satisfaction with key components of the palliative care consultation when delivered virtually.

Methods

Mixed quantitative and qualitative study. The formulated telephone questionnaire evaluated satisfaction with VC in three domains: comfort with use of technology, communication using video technology and components of the palliative care consultation. Results were analysed descriptively with thematic analysis of free text additional information.

Results

The majority (93%) of patients were satisfied with VC. All patients felt able to communicate what they wanted to say. The majority felt comfortable asking questions (90%) and a minority (16%) were dissatisfied that they could not be physically examined. Patients were satisfied with discussing physical symptoms (90%) and medications (90%). Areas which were not discussed or had less favourable feedback included exploration of spirituality and faith. Themes identified included: flexibility and convenience offered by VC, relationship and rapport building in the context of VC and technological challenges posed by VC.

Conclusions

Patients were satisfied with VC as a mechanism of CPC provision. Satisfaction, although generally high, varied across key components of the consultation demonstrating the strengths and limitations of this modality at present. This provides clinicians with valuable information to guide future research and service development.
Estimating ideology and polarization in European countries using Facebook data
Authors: Caravaca Francisco , González-Cabañas José , Cuevas Ángel , Cuevas Rubén
Published: November 2022

Researchers have studied political ideology and polarization in many different contexts since their effects are usually closely related to aspects and actions of individuals and societies. Hence, being able to estimate and measure the changes in political ideology and polarization is crucial for researchers, stakeholders, and the general public. In this paper, we model the ideology and polarization of 28 countries (the 27 EU member states plus the UK) using Facebook public posts from political parties’ Facebook pages. We collected a three-year dataset from 2019 to 2021 with information from 234 political parties’ Facebook pages and took advantage of the EU parliament elections of May 2019 to create our models. Our methodology works across 28 countries and benefits from being a low-cost running process that measures ideology and polarization at a high-resolution time scale. The results show our models are pretty accurate when validating them against 19 individual countries’ elections as ground truth. Moreover, to make our results available to the research community, stakeholders, and individuals interested in politics, the last contribution of our paper is a website including detailed information about the political parties in our dataset. It also includes the temporal evolution of our ideology and polarization estimations. Therefore, our work delivers a novel tool that uses Facebook public data to create country metrics useful for different purposes. To the best of our knowledge, there is no prior work in the literature offering a solution that measures the ideology and polarization of all EU + UK countries.
Academic support network reflects doctoral experience and productivity
Authors: Seckin Ozgur Can , Varol Onur
Published: November 2022

Current practices of quantifying academic performance by productivity raise serious concerns about the psychological well-being of graduate students. These efforts often neglect the influence of researchers’ environment. Acknowledgments in dissertation subsections shed light on this environment by providing an opportunity for students to thank the people who supported them. We analysed 26,236 acknowledgments to create an “academic support network” that reveals five distinct communities that support students along the way: Academic, Administration, Family, Friends & Colleagues, and Spiritual. We show that female students mention fewer people from each of these communities, with the exception of their families, and that their productivity is slightly lower than that of males when considering the number of publications alone. This is critically important because it means that studying the doctoral process may help us better understand the adverse conditions women face early in their academic careers. Our results also suggest that the total number of people mentioned in the acknowledgements allows disciplines to be categorised as either individual science or team science as their magnitudes change. We also show that male students who mention more people from their academic community are associated with higher levels of productivity. University rankings are found to be positively correlated with productivity and the size of academic support networks. However, neither university rankings nor students’ productivity levels correlate with the sentiments students express in their acknowledgements. Our results point to the importance of academic support networks by explaining how they differ and how they influence productivity.
Non-locality and entropic uncertainty relations in neutrino oscillations
Authors: Blasone Massimo , De Siena Silvio , Matrella Cristina
Published: November 2022

Using the wave-packet approach to neutrino oscillations, we analyze quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty relations and show that uncertainty and the non-local advantage of quantum coherence are anti-correlated. Furthermore, we explore the hierarchy among three different definitions of NAQC, those based on $$l_{1}$$

l
1

-norm, relative entropy and skew information coherence measures, and we find that the coherence content detected by the $$l_{1}$$

l
1

-norm-based NAQC overcomes the other two. The connection between QMA-EUR and NAQC could provide a better understanding of the physical meaning of the results so far obtained and suggest their extension to quantum field theory.
On In-forms over field extensions
Authors: Lorenz Nico
Published: November 2022

For various types of field extensions [Formula: see text] and values of [Formula: see text] we consider quadratic forms [Formula: see text] that lie in the [Formula: see text]th power [Formula: see text] of the fundamental ideal of [Formula: see text] but are already defined over [Formula: see text]. We then search for some [Formula: see text] of minimal dimension that maps to [Formula: see text] when extending the scalars to [Formula: see text]. This problem can be easily solved completely for finite extensions of odd degree. For quadratic extensions [Formula: see text], the situation is more involved, but solved for [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], we construct quadratic field extensions [Formula: see text] and a form [Formula: see text] such that any form [Formula: see text] that maps to [Formula: see text] when extending the scalars to [Formula: see text] has dimension at least [Formula: see text].
Weak lensing, Hawking radiation and greybody factor bound by a charged black holes with non-linear electrodynamics corrections
Authors: Javed Wajiha , Atique Mehak , Pantig Reggie C. , Övgün Ali
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study gravitational lensing in the weak field limits and the shadow by charged black holes in non-linear electrodynamics corrections. To find the deflection angle in vacuum (non-plasma) up to the leading order terms, we compute the optical Gaussian curvature from optical metric and utilize the Gauss–Bonnet theorem by applying Gibbons and Werner’s technique. Also, we derive the bending angle in plasma and dark matter mediums and observe that the bending angle increases by increasing the effects of these mediums. Further, in vacuum and plasma mediums, we investigate the graphical behavior of the bending angle with respect to the impact parameter u and notice that the bending angle exponentially decreases. Moreover, we calculate the Hawking temperature using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem and compare it with a standard method of computing the Hawking temperature. Furthermore, we investigate the bound of the greybody factor and graphically examine that bound converges to the 1. We relate our obtained results with the results of black holes given in the literature. Finally, we have considered exploring the effect of non-linear electrodynamics (NLED), plasma and dark matter on the black hole’s shadow radius to broaden the study’s scope. Results for the shadow indicate that the three parameters give different deviations to the shadow radius. Interestingly, while plasma affects both the photonsphere and shadow, dark matter only influences the shadow.
Strong convergence analysis of modified Mann-type forward–backward scheme for solving quasimonotone variational inequalities
Authors: Wairojjana Nopparat , Khunpanuk Chainarong , Pakkaranang Nuttapol
Published: November 2022

The paper proposes multiple new extragradient methods for solving a variational inequality problem involving quasimonotone operators in infinite-dimensional real Hilbert spaces. These methods contain variable stepsize rules that are revised at each iteration and are dependent on prior iterations. These algorithms have the benefit of not requiring prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constant or any line-search approach. Simple conditions are used to demonstrate the algorithm’s convergence. A collection of simple experiments is presented to show the numerical behavior of the algorithms.
Linearly Ordered Colourings of Hypergraphs
Authors: Nakajima Tamio-Vesa , Živný Stanislav
Published: November 2022

A linearly ordered (LO)
k
-colouring of an
r
-uniform hypergraph assigns an integer from {1, ... ,
k
} to every vertex so that, in every edge, the (multi)set of colours has a unique maximum. Equivalently, for
r
= 3, if two vertices in an edge are assigned the same colour, then the third vertex is assigned a larger colour (as opposed to a different colour, as in classic non-monochromatic colouring). Barto, Battistelli, and Berg [STACS’21] studied LO colourings on 3-uniform hypergraphs in the context of promise constraint satisfaction problems (PCSPs). We show two results.

First, given a 3-uniform hypergraph that admits an LO 2-colouring, one can find in polynomial time an LO
k
-colouring with

\( k=O(\sqrt [3]{n \log \log n / \log n} \)

.

Second, given an
r
-uniform hypergraph that admits an LO 2-colouring, we establish
NP
-hardness of finding an LO
k
-colouring for every constant uniformity
r
≥
k
+2. In fact, we determine relationships between polymorphism minions for all uniformities
r
≥ 3, which reveals a key difference between
r
<
k
+2 and
r
≥
k
+2 and which may be of independent interest. Using the algebraic approach to PCSPs, we actually show a more general result establishing
NP
-hardness of finding an LO
k
-colouring for LO ℓ-colourable
r
-uniform hypergraphs for 2 ≤ ℓ ≤
k
and
r
≥
k
- ℓ + 4.
Improving the Robustness of Loanword Identification in Social Media Texts
Authors: Mi Chenggang
Published: November 2022

As a potential bilingual resource, loanwords play a very important role in many natural language processing tasks. If loanwords in a low-resource language can be identified effectively, the generated donor-receipt word pairs will benefit many cross-lingual natural language processing tasks. However, most studies on loanword identification mainly focus on formal texts such as news and government documents. Loanword identification in social media texts is still an under-studied field. Since it faces many challenges and can be widely used in several downstream tasks, more efforts should be put on loanword identification in social media texts. In this study, we present a multi-task learning architecture with deep bi-directional recurrent neural networks for loanword identification in social media texts, where different task supervision can happen at different layers. The multi-task neural network architecture learns higher-order feature representations from word and character sequences along with basic spell error checking, part-of-speech tagging, and named entity recognition information. Experimental results on Uyghur loanword identification in social media texts in five donor languages (Chinese, Arabic, Russian, Turkish, and Farsi) show that our method achieves the best performance compared with several strong baseline systems. We also combine the loanword detection results into the training data of neural machine translation for low-resource language pairs. Experiments show that models trained on the extended datasets achieve significant improvements compared with the baseline models in all language pairs.
Generalizing Parikh’s Criterion for Relevance-Sensitive Belief Revision
Authors: Aravanis Theofanis
Published: November 2022

Parikh proposed his relevance-sensitive axiom to remedy the weakness of the classical AGM paradigm in addressing relevant change. An insufficiency of Parikh’s criterion, however, is its dependency on the contingent beliefs of a belief set to be revised, since the former only constrains the revision process of splittable theories (i.e., theories that can be divided in mutually disjoint compartments). The case of arbitrary non-splittable belief sets remains out of the scope of Parikh’s approach. On that premise, we generalize Parikh’s criterion, introducing (both axiomatically and semantically) a new notion of relevance, which we call
relevance at the sentential level
. We show that the proposed notion of relevance is universal (as it is applicable to arbitrary belief sets) and acts in a more refined way as compared to Parikh’s proposal; as we illustrate, this latter feature of relevance at the sentential level potentially leads to a significant drop in the computational resources required for implementing belief revision. Furthermore, we prove that Dalal’s popular revision operator respects, to a certain extent, relevance at the sentential level. Last but not least, the tight relation between local and relevance-sensitive revision is pointed out.
(Digital Presentation) Comparison of Electrochemical Measurements to Atmospheric Corrosion Experiments on Additively Manufactured 316L
Authors: Karasz Erin , Escarcega-Herrera Kasandra , Taylor Jason , Clark Courtney L , Stull Jamie A , Melia Michael Anthony
Published: November 2022

As interest in the commercial implementation of additively manufactured (AM) metal components increases, so does the need to understand the corrosion behavior of these materials. AM metals deviate in microstructure and surface quality from traditionally processed metals which impacts their corrosion properties. Currently there are no studies investigating the variation in corrosion behavior for AM components printed on different machines. This work compares the breakdown potential, an indication of stable pit growth and the loss of passivity, from 316L stainless steel samples printed on several machines. A correlation between breakdown potential and the surface microstructure, unique to parts printed on different machines, will be discussed. Additionally, the electrochemical measurements are correlated with salt fog experiments. Finally, pit morphology from accelerated atmospheric corrosion exposures (salt fog and constant humidity/contamination lab exposures) are compared to a real-world exposure (coastal environment) of AM 316L.

SNL is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA contract DE-NA0003525. SAND2022-4063 A
A Perspective on the Repassivation Potential and a Novel Calculation Thereof
Authors: Skelton Rebecca , Kelly Robert G
Published: November 2022

Corrosion can occur on metallic surfaces in nearly any humid environment, leading to either early failure or costly repairs. Specifically, localized corrosion, such as pitting, can be difficult to identify at an early stage and can act as crack nucleation sites. Determining under which conditions pitting will take place is therefore important for maintenance and design, yet non-trivial from an electrochemical perspective.

The pitting potential (Epit) and repassivation potential (Erp) have long been used in literature to determine a material’s susceptibility to pitting, with the latter acting as the lower threshold at which pitting can occur. A lower threshold of pitting can often be useful for conservative estimates, making Erp a popular parameter. However, a consensus on how to measure and define Erp has yet to be defined. Conventional cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) scans to measure Erp are shrouded in controversy, as values were found to be dependent on the scan rate and turn-around current density, unless sufficient charge densities had passed. Even once a plateau of Erp is reached at sufficient charge densities, there is debate as to if values are too conservative at that point. Two recent pitting frameworks have proposed alternative measurements of Erp, using both 1-D pit and 3-D bulk electrodes. Breakthroughs and limitations from both of these theories will be considered.

In this work, the various methods of measuring and defining Erp will be discussed to provide clarity between different notation and to highlight possible paths going forward. In addition, an alternative calculation of Erp is proposed which is less conservative yet harmonized with the critical pit stability product (ix)crit, as both thresholds should represent the same lower limit of pitting. The proposed equation to calculate Erp includes dependencies on conventional parameters, such as the anodic Tafel behavior within a pit (ba), the transition potential (ET), and the critical percent saturation of metal salts (f). Validation is provided through both results found in literature and the use of Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling in conjunction with the maximum pit model.
Dual pH-Sensitive Smart Coatings for Corrosion Inhibition of AA2024-T3
Authors: Li Chao , Guo Xiaolei , Frankel Gerald S.
Published: November 2022

Aluminum alloys (AAs) have been broadly used in numerous applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties. Although AAs also exhibit outstanding resistance to general corrosion, they suffer from localized corrosion, such as pitting and crevice corrosion, and can therefore lead to unforeseen catastrophic failure. pH-sensitive smart coatings have been considered to be a promising strategy of combating the localized corrosion of AAs due to the unique self-healing capabilities. These smart coatings can sense the local pH decreases and increases induced by the anodic and cathodic reactions of AAs, respectively, thereby releasing corrosion mediating agents to the actively corroding sites on demand. However, the majority of smart coatings developed to date can only sense either acidic or alkaline condition, but not both. In this study, smart coatings that can respond to both acidic and alkaline environments are developed. These dual-pH sensitive smart coatings are based on weak polyelectrolyte coacervates consisting of polyacrylic acid and polyethylenimine or chitosan. When corrosion inhibitors such as SrCrO4 or Ce(NO3)3 are dispersed in these coatings and subsequently immersed in aqueous solutions with different pH values, the release rates of corrosion inhibitors are much higher in the acidic and alkaline environments than that of the neutral environment. Deposition of these inhibitor-loaded smart coatings on AA2024-T3 substrates leads to a significant improvement of the corrosion resistance. Furthermore, corrosion inhibitors are also encapsulated into the core-shell particles and nanofibers through the co-axial electrospray and electrospinning techniques, respectively. The shells of the particles and nanofibers are made from the polyelectrolyte coacervates, so they are dual-pH sensitive. These particles and nanofibers are sandwiched in an organic coating matrix and applied on the AA2024-T3 substrates, forming self-healing smart coatings with substantially improved corrosion resistance as evidenced by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. In particular, the nanofibers embedded smart coatings can repeatedly heal the intentionally scribed area of the coated AA2024-T3 owing to the transport of corrosion inhibitors from remote areas through the nanochannels created in core-shell nanofibers.
Advances in Coating Adhesion Testing Using the Blister Test, Digital Image Correlation and Finite Element Methods
Authors: Dahal Drishya , Restrepo David , Rincon Troconis Brendy Carolina
Published: November 2022

Adhesively bonded aluminum joints are widely used in multiple engineering sectors, especially the automotive industry. In long-term service, environmental conditions and stresses caused by factors such as internal deformation, residual stresses, or corrosion, cause adhesion strength degradation. Quantifying the adhesion strength is a complex task. While many different adhesion tests are available, the Blister Test (BT) is the only one that provides a measure of the normalized energy required to initiate and propagate a crack at the polymer/substrate interface.

The adhesion strength of coatings on aluminum substrate for automotive applications was investigated using the Blister Test (BT) along with Digital Image Correlation (DIC), and Finite Element Methods (FEM). The BT was performed by pressurizing a fluid through a hole in the substrate, which causes blistering on the coating, ultimately leading to delamination. This test is performed after exposure of samples to an accelerated corrosion exposure. The DIC system obtains a full field displacement history of the de-adhesion mechanism using high speed cameras by tracking small subsets of the material in its field of view. This full field displacement history obtained from the BT is compared against theoretical displacements obtained through FEM and an inverse optimization algorithm, allowing the quantification of adhesion strength. Along with the BT, the effects of the surface treatments will be appraised through filiform corrosion (FC) testing.

While there have been multiple investigations in the field of adhesion strength using the BT, the incorporation of a DIC system allows recording of the full field shape of blister evolution and debonding propagation. The use of FEM and inverse optimization algorithm to determine the adhesion strength allows for these calculations without making typical assumptions such as constant curvature and small deformations. The appraisal of FC which is prevenient in the automotive industry, along with the BT allows a better understanding of the effects of various surface treatments on adhesion strength and corrosion.