bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran kontributif entrepreneurship ecosystem dan embedded finance terhadap transformasi bisnis digital UMKM Kota Malang
Authors: Wahyuningsih Rani Destia , Shanti Ni Putu Kumara , Hanifah Rizky Arinda Nur
Published: August 2024

The development of digital business transformation has received a positive response from Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, supported by the fact that MSME products on digital platforms are more likely to be purchased by customers. This condition provides a conducive ecosystem for Indonesia as an economic driver. To ensure the sustainability of MSMEs in the digital era, a concept of business and financial environment that supports the dynamics of digital business transformation is needed. This research adopts a quantitative approach with a descriptive method to explore the relationship between independent variables, entrepreneurship ecosystem, and Embedded Finance, and the dependent variable, which is the Digital Transformation of MSMEs. The study is located in Malang City and employs a questionnaire as an instrument distributed to 100 MSMEs. Based on the SEM analysis on SmartPLS, the entrepreneurship ecosystem has a significant influence on the Digital Transformation of MSMEs in Malang City. Additionally, embedded finance also has a significant relationship with the Digital Transformation of MSMEs in Malang City.
Perkembangan transformasi bisnis digital mendapatkan respons positif dari para pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia, diperkuat dengan fakta bahwa produk UMKM di platform digital lebih cenderung dibeli oleh pelanggan. Kondisi ini merupakan ekosistem yang baik bagi Indonesia sebagai penggerak perekonomian. Dalam rangka menjamin keberlangsungan UMKM di era digital, diperlukan konsep lingkungan bisnis dan keuangan yang mendukung dinamika transformasi bisnis digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif untuk menemukan hubungan antar variabel independen entrepreneurship ecosystem dan embedded finance terhadap variabel dependen, yakni transformasi digital UMKM. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Kota Malang dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner yang diberikan kepada sejumlah 100 UMKM. Berdasarkan analisis SEM dengan menggunakan SmartPLS, ditemukan bahwa entrepreneurship ecosystem memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap transformasi digital UMKM di Kota Malang. Selain itu, embedded finance juga terbukti memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan transformasi digital UMKM di Kota Malang.
The role of talent management and employee engagement on employee retention mediated by job satisfaction
Authors: Alrianti Alvina , Ekhsan Muhamad
Published: August 2024

Retaining talented employees must be done to compete in the industrial world. The implementation of talent management is the company's effort in retaining its employees. In addition, fostering a sense of employee attachment to the company is also a strategy in retaining employees. The aim is to determine the effect of talent management and employee engagement on employee retention mediated by job satisfaction. The population is employees who work in electronics companies in the EJIP Cikarang industrial area. 90 respondents were used as samples with the sampling technique, namely the simple random sampling method. Data collection is done through google form and measured by Likert scale. The results are talent management contributes to employee retention, employee engagement does not contribute to employee retention, talent management contributes to job satisfaction, employee engagement contributes to job satisfaction. Job satisfaction contributes to employee retention, job satisfaction is able to mediate the relationship between talent management and employee engagement on employee retention.
Mempertahankan karyawan yang bertalenta harus dilakukan untuk bersaing di dunia industri. Penerapan manajemen talenta merupakan upaya perusahaan dalam mempertahankan karyawannya. Selain itu, menumbuhkan rasa keterikatan karyawan terhadap perusahaan juga merupakan strategi dalam mempertahankan karyawan. Tujuannya yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh talent management dan employee engagement terhadap employee retention yang dimediasi oleh kepuasan kerja. Populasi nya adalah karyawan yang bekerja di perusahaan elektronik di kawasan industri EJIP Cikarang. 90 responden digunakan sebagai sampel dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu metode simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui google form dan diukur dengan skala likert. Dianalisis menggunakan Smart PLS 3. Hasilnya yaitu talent management berkontribusi terhadap employee retention, employee engagement tidak berkontribusi terhadap employee retention, talent management berkontribusi terhadap kepuasan kerja, employee engagement berkontribusi terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kepuasan kerja berkontribusi terhadap employee retention, kepuasan kerja mampu memediasi hubungan antara talent management dan employee engagement terhadap employee retention.
Iran wobec wojny w Ukrainie w kontekście relacji irańsko-rosyjskich
Authors: Ożarowski Rafał
Published: August 2024

Rosyjska inwazja na Ukrainę, która rozpoczęła się 24 lutego 2022 roku, doprowadziła do daleko idących przewartościowań w polityce międzynarodowej. Okazało się, że brak zagrożenia wojną, którym cieszono się w Europie od zakończenia zimnej wojny spowodował inne spojrzenie na politykę bezpieczeństwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej oraz w innych państwach, w szczególności tych stowarzyszonych w Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckim. Generalnie, wszystkie one (z małymi wyjątkami takimi jak Węgry i Turcja) wypowiadały się przeciwko rosyjskiej agresji, a co za tym idzie – UE i Stany Zjednoczone nałożyły na Rosję liczne pakiety sankcji, które nadal obowiązują. Artykuł opiera się na teorii realizmu neoklasycznego, który jest najbardziej reprezentatywnym paradygmatem realizacji własnych interesów w czasie konfliktu wojennego. Główną hipotezą badawczą postawioną w artykule jest stwierdzenie, że Iran po inwazji rosyjskiej na Ukrainę stał się w relacjach z Rosją partnerem, a przestał być „petentem”, jak to miało miejsce w latach wcześniejszych. Do hipotezy postawiono kilka pytań badawczych: Jakie były powody, dla których Iran przyjął zdecydowaną postawę prorosyjską? Jakie mogą być następstwa polityczno‑gospodarcze dla Iranu w wyniku poparcia Rosji? Czy w związku ze wspieraniem Rosji przez Iran w konflikcie z Ukrainą istnieją realne możliwości poprawy stosunków irańsko‑amerykańskich? Jak kształtują się obecnie stosunki rosyjsko‑irańskie? Artykuł został przygotowany głównie na bazie materiałów w języku angielskim i polskim.
Skutki konfliktu w Ukrainie dla Afryki w zakresie głodu i perspektyw wzrostu migracji
Authors: Lipold Patrycja , Kopczewski Marian
Published: August 2024

Wojna na Ukrainie powoduje zaburzenia łańcuchów dostaw i wzrost cen żywności na świecie. W krótkiej perspektywie nie powinna zagrażać światowemu bezpieczeństwu żywnościowemu, choć stawia w trudnej sytuacji szczególnie kraje rozwijające się, sprowadzające dotychczas kluczowe produkty z Ukrainy. Zmniejszenie importu z tego państwa można zrównoważyć zwiększeniem dostaw z rezerw innych państw. Sytuacja stanie się poważna, jeśli eksport żywności zatrzyma Rosja lub sankcje uniemożliwią transakcje z tym państwem. Największe problemy sprawi jednak przedłużająca się wojna na Ukrainie. Utrudni ona obsianie pól i zmniejszy kolejne zbiory, co może wpłynąć na utrzymanie wysokich cen. Ukraińskie ministerstwo rolnictwa szacuje, że do obsiania na wiosnę nadaje się 80% dotychczas wykorzystywanych pól uprawnych. Jeśli wojna będzie eskalować, areał ten będzie dalej ograniczany.Wyzwaniem dla państw rozwijających się stanie się dalszy wzrost cen żywności. Może to prowadzić do pogorszenia ich sytuacji gospodarczej (m.in. wzrostu inflacji i zadłużenia) oraz zwiększenia liczby osób żyjących w ubóstwie, niedożywionych i umierających z powodu głodu. Efektem tego będzie destabilizacja państw (przykładem mogą być protesty w Libanie, Peru czy na Sri Lance) i presja migracyjna. Wyzwaniem staje się też zapewnienie funkcjonowania pomocy humanitarnej.Mając powyższe na uwadze celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych krajów afrykańskich w obliczu możliwych zawirowań związanych z niedostatecznymi dostawami zboża, oraz jego wpływu na migrację. Problem badawczy wyrażony został pytaniem: Jak konflikt na Ukrainie wpływa na eksport zbóż do krajów afrykańskich oraz wynikającą z sytuacji migracją? Raport koncentruje się również na sytuacji w Syrii oraz problemach związanych z dostarczeniem pomocy humanitarnej osobom przebywającym na obszarach północno-zachodnich oraz w Iraku, jak również możliwościom powstania fali migracyjnej, ponieważ Afrykańczycy w obliczu trudnej sytuacji gospodarczej mogą podjąć próby migracji w kierunku Unii Europejskiej. Metoda badawcza została oparta na modelu analityczno-empirycznym i obejmować będzie głównie metody jakościowe, w tym eksplorację pierwotnych i wtórnych dokumentów.
Działalność ukraińskiego ruchu oporu na okupowanym terytorium Ukrainy
Authors: Chmielarz Krzysztof
Published: August 2024

Opisano stosowane represje okupanta wobec ludności cywilnej na okupowanym terytorium. Niniejsza publikacja przedstawia ukraiński ruch oporu w czasie trwającej wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej. Przedstawia ogólne zasady i organizację ruchu oporu i oporu narodowego Ukrainy. W artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane z ruchem partyzanckim, będącym jedną z form walki zbrojnej z okupantem, a także wskazano metody cywilnego oporu wobec okupanta.
Główne tematy rosyjskiej propagandy w okupowanym obwodzie zaporoskim przed pseudoreferendum
Authors: Yezhova Anna
Published: August 2024

Od końca lutego 2022 roku obwód zaporoski jest w 70 procentach okupowany przez Siły Zbrojne Federacji Rosyjskiej. Próbując utrzymać okupowane terytorium, Rosjanie rozpoczęli przygotowania do referendum w sprawie przyłączenia obwodu do Rosji. W artykule przedstawiono tematy propagandowe rozpowszechniane przed pseudoreferendum na oficjalnym kanale telegramowym rosyjskiego czasopisma propagandowego "Zaporoskij Viestnik". Ponadto, artykuł przedstawia ideologiczne podstawy rosyjskiej propagandy oraz proces rozpowszechniania treści propagandowych i tworzenia alternatywnego obrazu rzeczywistości na terytoriach okupowanych.
Urologic Morbidity in Surgery of Placenta Accreta Spectrum in Universitas Andalas Hospital
Authors: Zulfiqar Yevri
Published: August 2024

Background: Hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum disorders is known to be associated with urologic morbidity, including intentional or unintentional cystostomy, ureteral injury, and bladder fistula.
Case: A 32year old woman with urine retention post total hysterectomy on indications placenta accreta spectrum Grade 3 type 4 S2 segment- 9 days ago, referred to Universitas Andalas Hospital. The patient complained difficulty to urinate, hematuria and supra pubic pain. Physical examination sign of acute abdomen unclear. A Pelvic abdominal ultrasound was performed, the result were Acites and complex acites, left renal hydronefrosis, cystitis and sludge gallblader. From the laboratory result found anemia, leucocytosis, trombositosis, ureum, creatinine and albumin were in normal limit, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalsemia. The patient were given antibiotics, blood transfusion and natrium, kalium and calcium correction. Cystoscopy was performed to explore the bladder, the result were found adhesion and ruptured at the posterior wall of the bladder a long 3 cm then proceed with laparotomy to repair the bladder and adhesiolisis. During hospitalization, the patient’s condition was good, hemodynamics was stable with sufficient diuresis. The patient was discharged on day 4 after laparotomy of bladder repair with temporary urine catheter installed.
Discussion: This patient diagnose previously is placenta accreta spectrum with percreta graded so had a high risk of urologic morbidity. The bladder ruptured occurred after 9th day of hysterectomy. This can occur because the injury during dissection of the uterine vesicular fold undergoes necrosis and then become opens on the 9th day after hysterectomy. A multidisciplinary team should be made in management of placenta accreta spectrum. A team comprising a consultant maternal fetal medicine with pelvic surgery experienced, a blood bank team, an anesthesiologist, a urologist skilled, an interventional radiologist and an experienced neonatologist is advised.
Keywords: urologic complication, placenta accreta, urologic morbidity
Saúde mental da mulher: transtornos psiquiátricos relacionados ao ciclo reprodutivo
Authors: Rennó Jr Joel , Demarque Renata , Lobo Hewdy Ribeiro , Cavalsan Juliana Pires , Da Silva Antônio Geraldo
Published: August 2024

A saúde mental, antes focada principalmente na patologia psiquiátrica, tem como objeto de estudo todo o contexto biopsicossocial no qual o sujeito está inserido. Além disso, mais recentemente, tem surgido maior interesse na investigação das possíveis diferenças entre gêneros. Sobre a mente feminina, é imprescindível que os profissionais da saúde tenham a atenção e o conhecimento necessários sobre os transtornos psíquicos associados ao ciclo reprodutivo, devido tamanha repercussão que causam não somente à paciente. Diversas questões ainda estão em aberto no que se refere a um tema tão amplo quanto à saúde mental da mulher. Neste artigo traremos um breve panorama histórico, atualidades e perspectivas.
Causal factors of inclusion and exclusion in institutional processes of social development
Authors: Rozov N. S.
Published: August 2024

By inclusion and exclusion here we mean the phenomena of inclusion of a certain category of persons into a certain community as “insiders” and, accordingly, exclusion as transformation of “insiders” into “outsiders” and even into “enemies”. The institutional nature of these processes means that they are not one-time and situational phenomena, but deep shifts with long-term consequences, entailing changes in the rules of interaction and attitudes of their participants. In the course of their development, different societies have experienced inclusion and exclusion according to the criteria of gender, age, religion, ethnicity, class social origin, level and nature of education, professional affiliation, etc. The article formulates causal conditions and factors contributing to inclusion and exclusion on the basis of general theoretical principles and historical generalizations.
Trauma ortopédico em crianças
Authors: Silva Jessica Clintiane Corrêa da , Ferreira Maria Goreth Silva , Quaresma Tatiane Costa , Bezerra Lays Oliveira
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Analisar o trauma ortopédico em crianças encaminhadas ao Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia de um hospital público, no período de março a abril. Métodos: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de campo com estudo quantitativo do tipo descritivo. A pesquisa foi realizada no setor de trauma. A amostra foi composta por pacientes com idade igual ou inferior a 12 anos. As variáveis eram referentes ao sexo, idade, etnia, mês/dia da entrada, tempo de trauma, diagnóstico, evento traumático, conduta, emergência ortopédica e localidade/cidade, sendo analisadas por meio das frequências absolutas e relativa. Resultados: Foram encaminhas 149 crianças, destes, apenas 135 foram consideradas para análise. A idade predominante foi entre 8 a 12 anos (54%), crianças do sexo masculino (63,70%) e pardas (68%). O mês de março teve maior procura pelo serviço (54,07%) em relação a abril (45,93%). Os tipos de lesões mais prevalentes foram fratura de rádio (19,26%) e fratura de rádio e ulna (10,37%). Queda da própria altura foi o mecanismo mais frequente (45,19%). Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância da continuidade deste estudo, com propostas de educação em saúde para escolares, adolescentes, profissionais de saúde a fim de possibilitar redução de consolidação óssea, perda de função e deformidades.
O papel dos agentes comunitários no manejo da saúde auditiva infantil na atenção básica: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Rodrigues Jussandra Cardoso , Rodrigues Jonix Cardoso , Móia Lizomar de Jesus Maués Pereira
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Analisar o papel dos agentes comunitários no manejo da saúde auditiva na Atenção Primária. Métodos: Realizou-se, em dezembro de 2023, uma revisão integrativa da literatura por meio de artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. A estratégia de busca retornou 126 artigos, desses 11 foram incluídos. As variáveis categoriais avaliadas foram: casuística, tempo de treinamento, testadores, condições do ambiente, feedback e metodologia de treinamento. Resultados: 9 estudos avaliaram prioritariamente crianças em idade escolar e apenas 2 incluiram menores de 2 anos; Dez estudos focaram na triagem auditiva e diagnóstico com apenas 1 tratando de promoção em saúde. A maioria dos estudos foram desenvueltos com a triagem auditiva por smartphone com treinamento Hands on dos Agentes Comunitários em Saúde (ACS). Mas todos os estudos deixam claro que a atuação dos ACSs foi realizada com sucesso pelos programas de treinamento com bons resultados e inclusive aumentando a adesão ao seguimento de crianças com perda auditiva debido a proximidade destes com a comunidade. Considerações finais: Os agentes comunitários podem ser um elo fundamental na descentralização do manejo da saúde auditiva infantil na Atenção Primária em Saúde.
In silico analysis of Naringenin and its O-alkyl derivatives for its potential binding with Estrogen Receptor- α
Authors: Joseph Paul , Gupta Jeena
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer remains the second-most significant cause of female mortality worldwide. The emergence of naturally occurring plant-derived compounds called phytoestrogens has aroused substantial interest in their potential to mitigate breast cancer. Phytoestrogens demonstrate structural similarities to human estrogen and can therefore interact with the estrogen receptors. Naringenin, an important flavonoid and phytoestrogen, has gathered significant attention in the field of cancer due to its potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties while its O-alkyl derivatives can enhance its bioavailability and target specificity. In this study, we have screened Naringenin and four of its O-alkyl derivatives, namely Isosakuranetin, 5-O-Methylnaringenin, Sakuranetin and 4',7-Di-O-methylnaringenin for their binding affinity with estrogen receptor-α (PDB ID: 6VJD). Molecular docking studies targeting estrogen receptor-α (PDB ID: 6VJD) revealed favorable binding energies and interaction patterns for naringenin and its derivatives, suggesting potential as therapeutic agents against breast cancer. Additionally, analysis with SwissADME highlighted the compounds' permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), high absorption rates and water solubility, emphasizing their potential for therapeutic applications beyond breast cancer. Furthermore, the compounds exhibited promising pharmacokinetic profiles, synthetic accessibility and adherence to Lipinski's rule of five, supporting their candidacy for further development as therapeutic agents.
Studying the radiation resistance of synthetic oils obtained from petroleum bitumen rocks
Authors: Джаббарова Л.Ю. , Мустафаев И.И. , Захаров З.Ш.
Published: August 2024

Приводятся результаты исследований радиационного воздействия на искусственную нефть из нефтебитумной породы месторождения Кирмаку Азербайджана. Нефтебитумная порода это природный материал, образованный из нефти в верхних слоях земной коры в результате испарения из нее легких фракций, природной деасфальтизации нефти и процессов взаимодействия ее компонентов с кислородом. Из 375 г битуминозной породы было получено 50 мл искусственной нефти путем перегонки на аппарате Retort Heating Jacketпри температуре 950 F (510°C). Исследованы образование газов и изменение свойств жидких остатков при переработке искусственной нефти, полученной в лабораторных условиях, а также изучена радиационная стойкость различных фракций нефти из битуминозной породы. Исследования проводились при воздействии γ-излучения Со60 МРХ-γ-30 в широком интервале поглощенной дозы (43‒216 кГр) в воздухе и вакууме при мощности дозы Р=0,5 Гр/с. Представлены результаты хроматографического, хромато-масс-спектроскопического и ИК-спектроскопического исследований образцов искусственной нефти. Результаты таких исследований позволяют оценить возможность получения нефтепродуктов различного назначения радиационно-термическим способом из нефтебитумной породы, а также использование этих материалов для изоляции радиоактивных источников от окружающей среды.

The results of studies of the radiation impact on artificial oil from the oil-bitumen rock of the Kirmaku field in Azerbaijan are presented. Petroleum bitumen rock is a natural material formed from oil in the upper layers of the earth's crust as a result of the evaporation of light fractions from it, the natural deasphalting of oil and the processes of interaction of its components with oxygen. From 375 g of bitumen rock, 50 ml of synthetic oil was obtained by distillation on a Retort Heating Jacket at a temperature of 950 F (510°C). The formation of gases and changes in the properties of liquid residues during the processing of artificial oil obtained in laboratory conditions have been studied, as well as the radiation resistance of various fractions of oil from bitumen rock has been studied.The studies were carried out under the influence of γ-radiation Co60 MRKH-γ-30 in a wide range of absorbed doses (43‒216 kGy) in air and vacuum. at dose rate Р=0.5 Gy/s. The results of chromatographic, chromatospectroscopic and IR spectroscopic studies of artificial oil samples are presented. The results of such studies make it possible to evaluate the possibility of obtaining petroleum products for various purposes using the radiation-thermal method from oil-bitumen rock, as well as the use of these materials to isolate radioactive sources from the environment.
Pesticide pollution of vegetables, melons and gourds in southern Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Тойчуев Р.М. , Турдубаев К.Т. , Аширбекова М.И. , Жилова Л.В. , Мирзакулов Д.С. , Паизова З.М. , Тойчуева А.У. , Пайзилдаев Т.Р.
Published: August 2024

В статье приведены полученные в ходе исследований результаты по загрязнению овощей и бахчевых культур пестицидами в условиях юга Кыргызстана в динамике в период интенсивного применения пестицидов и после (1978-2023 гг.). Проведены исследования по определению видов выявленных пестицидов. Показано, что содержание пестицидов в овощах и бахчевых культурах на юге Кыргызстана, начиная с 1997 года, резко снижается. С 2008 года остаточные количества фосфорорганических пестицидов в овощах и бахчевых культурах уже не выявляются,так как они быстро разлагаются в окружающей среде. Содержание пестицидов выше ПДК в овощах и бахчевых культурах с 2014 г. не обнаружено.

The article presents the results of research on the contamination of vegetables and melons with pesticides in the conditions of the south of Kyrgyzstan in dynamics during the period of intensive use of pesticides and after (1978-2023). Studies were conducted to determine the types of identified pesticides. It was shown that the content of pesticides in vegetables and melons in the south of Kyrgyzstan has been sharply decreasing since 1997. Since 2008, residual amounts of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables and melons are no longer detected, as they quickly decompose in the environment. The content of pesticides above the MAC in vegetables and melons has not been detected since 2014.
Ensuring Effective Measures to Protect Information in Information Transmission Systems
Authors: Титов М.Ю. , Карасев П.И. , Пушкин П.Ю. , Ершов Н.С. , Ионов Р.Ш.
Published: August 2024

В статье приводится обоснование необходимости создания системы передачи информации, позволяющей с максимальной эффективностью связать воедино процессы сбора, обработки, передачи, отображения и использования данных для решения практических задач. Рассматривается проблема защиты информации и практического использования системы разработанных мер с использованием комплекса специальных инженерно-технических средств. Определяются требования к информационным системам с точки зрения полноты ее передачи потребителю.

The article presents justification of the need to create a system of information transmission and with maximum efficiency to link perfectly together processes for collecting, processing, transmitting, displaying, and using data to solve practical problems. The problem of information protection and practical use of the system of developed measures and special engineering and technical means is considered. Requirements to information systems is from the point of view of completeness of its transfer to the consumer are defined
FEATURES OF MONITORING OF HAZARDOUS NATURAL IMPACTS USING THE DATABASE
Authors: Петрова Е.Г.
Published: August 2024

Базы данных рассматриваются как эффективный инструмент для мониторинга опасных природных воздействий. Представлена авторская база данных техногенных и природно-техногенных событий. Статистический анализ собранной информации позволяет проследить пространственно-временные изменения различных параметров воздействия опасных природных процессов на техногенные системы и объекты инфраструктуры, проводить оценку природного риска. База данных дает также возможность сравнивать разные регионы по уровню риска природно-техногенных событий.

Databases are seen as an effective tool for monitoring natural hazards. The article presents the author’s database of technological and natural-technological events. Statistical analysis of the collected information makes it possible to trace the temporal and spatial distribution of the impacts of hazardous natural processes on man-made systems and infrastructure facilities and assess natural risk. The database also makes it possible to compare different regions by the level of risk of natural-technological events.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SIGNIFICANT FACTORS ON THE RESULTS OF LINEAR DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENTS BY A FIBER-OPTIC TRANSDUCER
Authors: МИНЕЕВ А.В. , ЯСОВЕЕВ В.Х.
Published: August 2024

Приведены результаты анализа влияния значимых факторов на результаты измерений линейных перемещений волоконно-оптического преобразователя на базе разветвленного волоконно-оптического коллектора. Подтверждена адекватность разработанной модели численного моделирования и дано математическое описание полученных функций. На базе разработанной модели дана качественная и количественная оценка влияния выявленных значимых факторов на результаты измерений. Варьирование конструктивными характеристиками волоконно-оптического преобразователя (ВОП) позволяет достичь требуемого диапазона измерений с заданной чувствительностью.

The results of the analysis of the infl uence of significant factors on the measurement results of linear displacements of a fiber-optic converter based on a branched fiber-optic collector are presented. The adequacy of the developed model of numerical modeling is confirmed and a mathematical description of the obtained functions is given. On the basis of the developed model, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the influence of the identifi ed signifi cant factors on the measurement results is given. Varying the design characteristics of a fiber-optic transducer (FOT) makes it possible to achieve the required measurement range with a given sensitivity.
DYNAMICS OF AN UNCLOSED SYSTEM WITH ELECTRIC CURRENT
Authors: ГЕРАСИМОВ С.А.
Published: August 2024

Вес незамкнутой системы, состоящей из тонкого намагниченного тела с намагниченность порядка 106 А/м и тонкого незамкнутого проводника, увеличивается при подаче в систему электрического тока через электромеханические контакты. Изменение веса в зависимости от силы тока подчиняется квадратичному закону, при этом разность изменений веса, отвечающая разным направлениям тока, нулю не равна. Половину этой разности изменений веса связать количественно точно с силой самодействия не удается. Обнаруженное изменение веса при силе тока в один ампер достигает величины 4·10–4 Н, тогда как сила самодействия должна составлять величину, в несколько раз большую.

The weight of an open system consisting of a thin magnet with a magnetization of about 106 A/m and a thin unclosed conductor increases when a direct electric current is applied to the system through electromechanical contacts. The change of the weight depending of the current strength obeys a quadratic law, while the difference in weight changes corresponding to different directions of the current is not equal to zero. Half of this difference in weight changes cannot be exactly quantitatively related to the force of self-action. The obtained change in weight with a current of one ampere reaches 4·10–4 N, while the self-force must be two times grater.
MODEL OF THE OUTPUT SIGNAL FROM THE MEASURING GRID OF THE MICROMETEOROID SENSOR
Authors: ТЕЛЕГИН А.М.
Published: August 2024

В данной работе рассмотрена модель наведенного сигнала с измерительной сетки датчика микрометеороидов и частиц космического мусора. Приведено расчетное соотношение, которое показывает влияние расстояния между сетками, параметров заряженных микрочастиц на форму выходного сигнала с измерительной сетки. Приведена оценка погрешности измерения отношения заряда микрочастицы к ее массе при различных напряжениях, подаваемых на измерительную сетку.

In this paper, a model of the induced signal from the measuring grid of the sensor of micrometeoroids and space debris is considered. A calculated ratio is given, which shows the influence of the distance between the grids, the parameters of charged microparticles on the shape of the output signal from the measuring grid. An estimate of the error in measuring the ratio of the charge of a microparticle to its mass at various voltages applied to the measuring grid is given.
TESTING METHOD IN EDUCATION: HISTORICAL ASPECT
Authors: Смык А.Ф. , Спиридонова Л.В.
Published: August 2024

Статья посвящена истории зарождения и развития метода тестирования в образовании. Цель исследования – изучение и анализ историко-педагогической проблемы тестирования, ее генезис и этапы развития за рубежом и в отечественной системе образования. Проблема тестирования приобрела большое значение в концепциях российской образовательной реформы, начавшейся в конце ХХ века и не завершенной на сегодняшний день. Взяв на вооружение тестовые методики, реформаторы заменили вступительные экзамены в ВУЗы единым государственным экзаменом (ЕГЭ). В статье рассмотрены особенности развития тестирования в образовании в ХХ веке, характерные для США и России. Представлены этапы зарождения и эволюции тестирования в советском образовании: предыстория, полный запрет, период застоя, масштабное развитие. Показано, что несмотря на качественное различие современного состояния и начального периода развития тестового метода в образовании имеется органическая связь, преемственность в видах и целях тестирования, которое по-прежнему является педагогической инноватикой. В статье рассматриваются также отдельные вопросы истории развития метода тестирования применительно к учебной дисциплине физика.

The article is devoted to the history of the origin and development of the testing method in education. The purpose of the research is to study and analyze the historical and pedagogical problem of testing, its genesis and stages of development abroad and in the domestic education system. The problem of testing has acquired great importance in the concepts of the Russian educational reform, which began at the end of the twentieth century and has not completed to date. Having adopted test methods, the reformers replaced the entrance exams to universities with the Unified State Exam (USE). The article discusses the features of the development of testing in education in the twentieth century, typical for the United States of America and Russia. The stages of the origin and evolution of testing in Soviet education are presented: prehistory, complete prohibition, period of stagnation, large-scale development. It is shown that despite the qualitative difference between the current state and the initial period of development of the test method in education, there is an organic connection, continuity in the types and purposes of testing, which is still a pedagogical innovation. The article also discusses some issues of the history of the development of the testing method in relation to the academic discipline of physics
MAGMATISM RESEARCH AT THE KOSYGIN INSTITUTE OF TECTONICS AND GEOPHYSICS, FAR EAST BRANCH, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Authors: Войнова И.П. , Мишин Л.Ф.
Published: August 2024

Представлены основные этапы становления и развития исследований магматизма на Дальнем Востоке в Институте тектоники и геофизики им. Ю.А. Косыгина Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук за 1971–2021 годы. Освящены направления, темы и объекты исследований, дан краткий обзор главных достижений.

The key points are covered in the development of research into the problems of magmatism in the Far East of Russia at the Kosygin Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in the period 1971 to 2021. The main thrusts of research are detailed highlighting topics and objects of research. Major successes are briefly reviewed.
System of Exercises in Brief Structures in Harmony Lessons
Authors: Гнилов Б.Г. , Никольцев И.Д.
Published: August 2024

Статья посвящена новой системе гармонических упражнений в сжатых структурах, разрабатываемой и внедряемой на кафедре теории и истории музыки Военного института (военных дирижёров) Военного университета. Решение задач на гармонизацию мелодии является одной из основных форм работы обучающихся при изучении дисциплины «Гармония». Традиционно такие упражнения выполняются в форме периода или даже в более крупных формах, что не всегда позволяет сосредоточиться на изучаемом гармоническом средстве. Так, при изучении темы «Двойная доминанта в каденции» гармонический феномен возможно применить лишь два раза: первый раз в серединной каденции и во второй раз – в заключительной. При обычной восьмитактовой конструкции задачи львиная доля её объёма – шесть тактов из восьми – используется вхолостую и не нацелена на формирование навыка. Кроме того, обучающиеся с недостаточным уровнем подготовки в связи с большим объемом упражнения испытывают дополнительные затруднения при его выполнении. Сокращение размера упражнения до объема мотива, фразы или предложения позволяет интенсифицировать процесс усвоения темы. Такие упражнения в достаточном количестве могут выполняться не только в процессе самоподготовки обучающегося, но и прямо на уроке. В этом состоит актуальность и новизна разрабатываемого нами метода.

The article deals with a new system of harmonic exercises in brief structures, developed and implemented at the Department of Theory and History of Music of the Institute of Military Conductors. Melody harmonization is one of the main forms of students’ work in the study of the discipline "Harmony". Moreover, traditionally, such exercises are performed in the form of a period or even larger forms. This does not always allow focusing on the studied harmonic subject. In addition, students with an insufficient level of training, due to the large volume of the exercise, experience additional diffi culties in its implementation. Reducing the size of the exercise to the volume of a motive, phrase allows you to intensify the process of mastering the topic. Such exercises in suffi cient quantity can be performed in the process of self-preparation of the student and in the lesson.
Analysis and Quality of Biomedical Images
Authors: ДЖАМАЛОВ Д.Р.
Published: August 2024

Иридодиагностика связана с визуальным анализом изображений, которые существенно различаются по яркости, контрастности, зашумленности, детальности, подвижности и другим параметрам от изображений широковещательных телевизионных систем. Эффективность процесса анализа иридодиагностических изображений зависит от свойств зрительного анализатора. Например, при иридоскопии с экраном именно человеческий глаз является тем звеном, которое определяет характеристики всей системы. Качественные характеристики иридодиагностического изображения зависят от требований к параметрам телевизионной системы, совокупность которых определяет ее воспроизводящие свойства. Качество иридодиагностического изображения определяется совокупностью факторов и не имеет общепринятой единой обобщенной количественной оценки. Рассмотрим наиболее существенные для иридодиагностического преобразования требования к характеристикам изображения ИТС. Несмотря на то, что характеристики зрительного анализатора достаточно подробно изучены в физиологии зрения, их следует переосмыслить с точки зрения задач, стоящих перед системами преобразования иридо-диагностических изображений. С появлением телевизионного и электронно-оптического методов визуализации невидимых изображений возникает необходимость в изучении свойств зрительного анализатора при восприятии изображений, имеющих высокую яркость, но низкое отношение сигнал/шум, так как в усиленных иридиологических изображениях особенно сильно проявляется квантовый характер излучения.

Iridiology It is connected with the visual analysis of images which essentially differ on brightness, contrast, noise, detail, mobility and other parametres from images of broadcasting television systems. Efficiency of process of the analysis iridiology images depends on properties of the visual analyzer. For example, at iridiology with the screen the human eye is that link which defi nes characteristics of all system Qualitative characteristics iridiology images depend on requirements to parametres of the television system which set defi nes its reproducing properties. Quality iridiology images is defined by set of factors and has no standard uniform generalised quantitative estimation. Let’s consider the most essential for iridiologyrequirement transformations to characteristics of image ITS In spite of the fact that characteristics of the visual analyzer are in detail enough studied in sight physiology, they should be rethought from the point of view of the problems facing to systems of transformation iridiology of images. With the advent of television and electron-optical methods of visualisation of invisible images there is a necessity for studying of properties of the visual analyzer at perception of the images having high brightness, but the low relation a signal/noise as in strengthened iridiology images quantum character of radiation is especially strongly shown.
Structural and kinetic insights into the stereospecific oxidation of R-2,3-dihydroxypropanesulfonate by DHPS-3-dehydrogenase from Cupriavidus pinatubonensis
Authors: Burchill Laura , Kaur Arashdeep , Nastasovici Artur , Lee Mihwa , Williams Spencer
Published: August 2024

2,3-Dihydroxypropanesulfonate (DHPS) and sulfolactate (SL) are environmentally important organosulfur compounds that play key roles as metabolic currencies in the sulfur cycle. Despite their prevalence, the pathways governing DHPS and SL production remain poorly understood. Here, we study DHPS-3-dehydrogenase CpHpsN from Cupriavidus pinatubonensis, a bacterium capable of utilizing DHPS as a sole carbon source. Kinetic analysis of CpHpsN reveals a strict preference for R-DHPS, catalyzing its 4-electron oxidation to R-SL, with high specificity for NAD+ over NADP+. The 3D structure of CpHpsN in complex with Zn2+, NADH and R-SL, elucidated through X-ray crystallography, reveals a fold akin to bacterial and plant histidinol dehydrogenases, and identical coordination geometry around the octahedral Zn2+ centre and involving the sulfonate group as a ligand. A key residue, His126, distinguishes DHPS dehydrogenases from histidinol dehydrogenases, by structural recognition of the sulfonate substrate of the former. Site-directed mutagenesis pinpoints Glu318, His319, and Asp352 as active-site residues important for the catalytic activity of CpHpsN. Taxonomic and pathway distribution analysis reveals the prevalence of HpsN homologues within different pathways of DHPS catabolism and across bacterial classes including Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, and Deltaproteobacteria and Desulfobacteria, emphasizing its importance in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle.
How should we teach medicinal chemistry in higher education to prepare students for a future career as medicinal chemists and drug designers? - A teacher´s perspective.
Authors: Klahn Philipp
Published: August 2024

In the recent two decades, the multidisciplinary field of medicinal chemistry has undergone several conceptual and technology-driven paradigm changes with significant impact on the skill set medicinal chemists need to acquire during their education. Considering the need for academic medicinal chemistry teaching, this article aims at identifying important skills, competences, and basic knowledge as general learning outcomes based on an analysis of the relevant stakeholders and concludes effective teaching strategies preparing students for a future career as medicinal chemists and drug designers.
An Integrated Study of Pd(0)-Halide Interactions in Pd Oxidative Addition to Organic Halides: Uncovering the “Super Iodine” Character of Pd(0)
Authors: Gu Liuqun
Published: August 2024

Pd(0) oxidative addition (OA) to organic halides is a fundamental step in many catalytic organic transformations. Previous mechanistic studies have shown that the electronic/steric nature of ligand, metal coordination unsaturation, halide identity and the presence of an additive all have sizable influences on reaction reactivity and selectivity. A single parameter-based rational design fully integrating all important factors in a quantitative manner remains elusive, due to the complex nature of Pd(0) OA. To address this challenge, a study of Pd(0)-halide interactions which are crucial for the 3-centered concerted mechanism, is initiated in this work by integrating the key progress in organometallic chemistry and the relatively well-established halogen bonding knowledge, mimicking the “data-driven” method. The achieved advanced understanding of the mechanisms in this work includes five key parts: 1) uncovering the “super iodine” character of Pd(0), 2) uncovering the bonding nature of Pd-halide (organic halide) interaction and its essential role in Pd(organic halide) precomplex before OA; 3) a molecular mechanism for the additive effect, and a theoretical prediction of a halogen transfer pathway for OA to specific organic halides; 4) demystifying the known super reactivity of the ligand-controlled Pd catalysis with inactive aryl chlorides; and ultimately 5) proposing a proof-of-concept of surface molecule electrostatic potential-based rational design of OA.
Leveraging GPT-4 to transform chemistry from paper to practice
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Guy Mason , Yang Jerrica , Hao Lucy , Liu Junliang , Hawkins Joel , Mustakis Jason , Monfette Sebastian , Hein Jason
Published: August 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized numerous industries as well as accelerated scientific research. However, their application in planning and conducting experimental science, has been limited. In this study, we introduce an adaptable prompt-set with GPT-4, converting literature experimental procedures into actionable experimental steps for a Mettler Toledo EasyMax automated laboratory reactor. Through prompt engineering, we developed a 2-step sequential prompt: the first prompt converts literature synthesis procedures into step-by-step instructions for reaction planning; the second prompt generates an XML script to communicate these instructions to the EasyMax reactor, automating experimental design and execution. We successfully automated the reproduction of three distinct literature-based synthetic procedures and validated the reactions by monitoring and characterizing the products. This approach bridges the gap between text-to-procedure transcription and automated execution and streamline the literature procedure reproduction
Charting electronic-state manifolds across molecules with multi-state learning and gap-driven dynamics via efficient and robust active learning
Authors: Martyka Mikołaj , Zhang Lina , Ge Fuchun , Hou Yi-Fan , Jankowska Joanna , Barbatti Mario , Dral Pavlo O.
Published: August 2024

We present a robust protocol for affordable learning of the electronic-state manifold to accelerate photophysical and photochemical molecular simulations. The protocol solves several pertinent issues precluding the widespread use of machine learning (ML) in excited-state simulations. We introduce a novel physics-informed multi-state ML model that can learn an arbitrary number of excited states across molecules with accuracy better or similar to the accuracy of learning ground-state energies with established ML potentials. We also present gap-driven dynamics for meticulous accelerated sampling of the small-gap regions: which proves crucial for stable surface-hopping dynamics. Put together, multi-state learning and gap-driven dynamics enable efficient active learning furnishing robust models for surface-hopping simulations. Our active-learning protocol includes sampling based on physics-informed uncertainty quantification, ensuring the quality of each adiabatic surface, low error in energy gaps, and precise calculation of the hopping probability. The thresholds for uncertainty quantification are automatically chosen based on statistical and physical considerations. The protocol will be made available with the next release of the open-source MLatom as described at https://github.com/dralgroup/al-namd
Spatial and Temporal Visualization of Polymorphic Transformations in Pharmaceutical Tablets
Authors: Gasol-Cardona Julia , Ward Martin , Gutowski Olof , Drnec Jakub , Jandl Christian , Stam Danny , Maloney Andrew , Markl Daniel , Price Stephen , Oswald Iain
Published: August 2024

X-ray Diffraction Computed Tomography (XRD-CT) represents a cutting-edge method for non-destructive material analysis, offering the unique capability of providing molecular-level information with spatial resolution. In this study, we have applied XRD-CT to investigate pharmaceutically relevant tablets that have been subjected to a range of compression pressures typical in tablet manufacturing. By employing XRD-CT to pharmaceutical tablets, we reveal material changes without tablet destruction, thereby avoiding potential phase transformations during sample preparation that could lead to errors in the interpretation of the processes that have occurred. Utilizing a pressure-sensitive marker, glycolide, we have tracked changes within tablet structures induced by compression, pinpointing locations where glycolide undergoes pressure-induced transformation. Additionally, we conducted a follow-up study with analysis one month later, observing an in-situ hydrolysis reaction of glycolide within the tablets. Through the complementary use of electron diffraction, we have elucidated the structure of the hydrolysis product, further enhancing our understanding of temporal changes in the tablets.
Structural diversity in 1D hydrogen-bonded chains assembled through bis(triazole) self–association
Authors: Smith Jordan , White Nicholas
Published: August 2024

We show that simple phenyl-1,3-bis(triazole) groups dimerise in solution. Dimerisation in CDCl3 is too strong to measure by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and dimerisation in 9:1 CDCl3:d6-acetone is relatively strong (Kdimerisation = 1361 ± 65 M–1). A ditopic compound 1 containing two bis(triazole) groups crystallises to give hydrogen-bonded chains. Four different crystal structures were obtained, all of which are 1D chains, and all of which contain small solvent-filled channels. While the overall structure and packing are similar, diversity in the hydrogen bonding arrangements is observed due to the possibility of the triazole groups adopting either syn or anti conformations.