bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Punitive’ Expeditions in German Colonial Contexts in Africa
Authors: LeGALL YANN
Published: July 2024

The debate on the restitution of African cultural heritage has brought greater attention to the history of colonial violence, especially to the dispatch of so‐called ‘punitive’ expeditions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Expanding knowledge on the genealogy of this particularly brutal form of military campaign, this article explores the historical semantics of the German term ‘Strafexpedition’ and its contextual use in the organ of militarist colonial propaganda at the time in Imperial Germany, the Deutsches Kolonialblatt. Through a content analysis of the occurrence of the term and its correlate, this study aims to bridge the fields of semantics and colonial historiography and lays the groundwork for a macro‐history of events of spoliation and plunder in German colonial contexts.
‘The Most Famous Amateur Football Club in the World’: Creating and Curating the Corinthian Brand
Authors: BOLSMANN CHRIS , PORTER DILWYN
Published: July 2024

Corinthian FC (1882–1938) was one of the world's most famous football clubs, despite never winning a league championship or a cup competition. At a time when association football, especially in Britain, was establishing itself as a form of commercialised entertainment with clubs organised as businesses and employing working‐class professionals, the Corinthians became the principal standard‐bearers for gentlemanly amateurism, effectively creating and curating a niche brand which had middle‐class appeal and proved remarkably resilient. Pursuing this analogy focuses attention on the core values with which the club was associated and the strategies pursued to protect the brand it had created. This article seeks to explain the appeal of this elite touring club in England and also overseas, where it focuses especially on its visits to South Africa in 1897, 1903 and 1907.
Diagnosis and management of selective fetal growth restriction in monochorionic twin pregnancies: A cross‐sectional international survey
Authors: Prasad Smriti , Khalil Asma , Kirkham Jamie J. , Sharp Andrew , Woolfall Kerry , Mitchell Tracy Karen , Yaghi Odai , Ricketts Tracey , Popa Mariana , Alfirevic Zarko , Anumba Dilly , Ashcroft Richard , Attilakos George , Bailie Carolyn , Baschat Ahmet A. , Cornforth Christine , Costa Fabricio Da Silva , Denbow Mark , Deprest Jan , Fenwick Natasha , Haak Monique C. , Hardman Louise , Harrold Jane , Healey Andy , Hecher Kurt , Parasuraman Rajeswari , Impey Lawrence , Jackson Richard , Johnstone Edward , Leven Shauna , Lewi Liesbeth , Lopriore Enrico , Oconnor Isabella , Harding Danielle , Marsden Joel , Mendoza Jessica , Mousa Tommy , Nanda Surabhi , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Pasupathy Dharmintra , Sandall Jane , Thangaratinam Shakila , Thilaganathan Baskaran , Turner Mark , Vollmer Brigitte , Watson Michelle , Wilding Karen , Yinon Yoav ,   FERN Study Team
Published: July 2024

Objective

To identify current practices in the management of selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

International.

Population

Clinicians involved in the management of MCDA twin pregnancies with sFGR.

Methods

A structured, self‐administered survey.

Main Outcome Measures

Clinical practices and attitudes to diagnostic criteria and management strategies.

Results

Overall, 62.8% (113/180) of clinicians completed the survey; of which, 66.4% (75/113) of the respondents reported that they would use an estimated fetal weight (EFW) of <10th centile for the smaller twin and an inter‐twin EFW discordance of >25% for the diagnosis of sFGR. For early‐onset type I sFGR, 79.8% (75/94) of respondents expressed that expectant management would be their routine practice. On the other hand, for early‐onset type II and type III sFGR, 19.3% (17/88) and 35.7% (30/84) of respondents would manage these pregnancies expectantly, whereas 71.6% (63/88) and 57.1% (48/84) would refer these pregnancies to a fetal intervention centre or would offer fetal intervention for type II and type III cases, respectively. Moreover, 39.0% (16/41) of the respondents would consider fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for early‐onset type I sFGR, whereas 41.5% (17/41) would offer either FLS or selective feticide, and 12.2% (5/41) would exclusively offer selective feticide. For early‐onset type II and type III sFGR cases, 25.9% (21/81) and 31.4% (22/70) would exclusively offer FLS, respectively, whereas 33.3% (27/81) and 32.9% (23/70) would exclusively offer selective feticide.

Conclusions

There is significant variation in clinician practices and attitudes towards the management of early‐onset sFGR in MCDA twin pregnancies, especially for type II and type III cases, highlighting the need for high‐level evidence to guide management.
The role of financial inclusion and tourism in tackling environmental challenges of industrialization and energy consumption: Redesigning Sustainable Development Goals policies
Authors: Deng Qiong , Usman Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad , Haseeb Mohammad
Published: July 2024

The Next 11 (N‐11) countries are facing many challenges in achieving the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as preserving environmental quality has become a major challenge for them. Specifically, achieving SDG 3, SDG 7, SDG 9, and SDG 13, the current research scrutinizes the influence of industrialization, tourism, and renewable and fossil fuel energy consumption with the moderating role of financial development on the ecological footprint in the N‐11 countries during 1995–2018. By testing all nine hypotheses through the augmented mean group, common correlated effects mean group estimators, and the Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality approach, various interesting findings are discovered. The findings verified that industrialization, tourism, and non‐renewable energy play major roles in driving environmental pollution. However, renewables and financial development increase environmental quality. Moreover, the interacting role of financial expansion with industrialization and non‐renewables significantly deteriorates the environment. In contrast, the moderating role of financial development with tourism and renewable energy protects environmental excellence. In addition, the growth hypothesis is discovered from tourism and renewables to ecological footprint, and the feedback hypothesis is discovered between industrialization, financial development, and ecological footprint. Following the empirical findings, we recommend several policy implications to address the objectives of SDG 3, SDG 7, SDG 9, and SDG 13.
A wireless, remotely operable and easily customizable robotic flower system
Authors: Debeuckelaere Kamiel , Janssens Dirk , Serral Asensio Estefanía , Wenseleers Tom , Jacquemyn Hans , Pozo María I.
Published: July 2024

Understanding the complex interactions between external and internal factors that influence pollinator foraging behaviour is essential to understand ecosystem functioning, design agricultural practices or develop effective conservation strategies. However, it remains challenging to collect large and reliable data sets with reasonable personnel and workload.

In this study, we present a wireless and cost‐effective robotic flower equipped with internet of things (IoT) technology that automatically offers nectar to visiting insects while monitoring visitation time and duration. The robotic flower is easy to manipulate and settings such as nectar refill rates can be remotely altered, making it ideal for field settings. The system transmits data completely wirelessly and autonomously, is mobile and easy to clean.

The prototype settings allow for approximately 2 weeks of uninterrupted data collection for each battery charge. As a proof‐of‐concept application, a foraging preference dual choice experiment with bumblebees was performed. On average, more than 7000 flower visits per colony were registered daily with a set‐up consisting of 16 robotic flowers. The data show a gradual preference shift away from the pre‐trained low concentration, confirming the hypothesis of favouring sugar water with higher concentration.

The robotic flower provides accurate and reliable data on insect behaviour, significantly reducing the price and/or labour costs. Although primarily designed for (bumble)bees, the system could be easily adapted for other flower‐visiting insects. The robotic flower is user‐friendly and can be easily adapted to address a wide range of research questions in pollination ecology, conservation biology, biocontrol and ecotoxicology, and allows for detailed studies on how nectar traits, flower colour and shape or pollutants affect foraging behaviour.
Strategies for developing 3D printed ovarian model for restoring fertility
Authors: Nair Ramya , Kasturi Meghana , Mathur Vidhi , Seetharam Raviraja N. , S Vasanthan Kirthanashri
Published: July 2024

Ovaries play a crucial role in the regulation of numerous essential processes that occur within the intricate framework of female physiology. They are entrusted with the responsibility of both generating a new life and orchestrating a delicate hormonal symphony. Understanding their functioning is crucial for gaining insight into the complexities of reproduction, health, and fertility. In addition, ovaries secrete hormones that are crucial for both secondary sexual characteristics and the maintenance of overall health. A three‐dimensional (3D) prosthetic ovary has the potential to restore ovarian function and preserve fertility in younger females who have undergone ovariectomies or are afflicted with ovarian malfunction. Clinical studies have not yet commenced, and the production of 3D ovarian tissue for human implantation is still in the research phase. The main challenges faced while creating a 3D ovary for in vivo implantation include sustenance of ovarian follicles, achieving vascular infiltration into the host tissue, and restoring hormone circulation. The complex ovarian microenvironment that is compartmentalized and rigid makes the biomimicking of the 3D ovary challenging in terms of biomaterial selection and bioink composition. The successful restoration of these properties in animal models has led to expectations for the development of human ovaries for implantation. This review article summarizes and evaluates the optimal 3D models of ovarian structures and their safety and efficacy concerns to provide concrete suggestions for future research.
COVID‐19 as a catalyst for alcohol policy change: A case study of the Gove Peninsula
Authors: Clifford Sarah , Crundall Ian
Published: July 2024

In many ways, the COVID‐19 pandemic provided a natural experiment for alternate ways of living and working. Although alcohol supply was one of many aspects impacted by COVID‐19 restrictions, few of those alcohol‐related measures have been continued. This commentary presents a unique case study from the Gove Peninsula in northern Australia, where pandemic restrictions acted as a catalyst for a review of an established alcohol management system. A permit system was introduced on the Gove Peninsula in 2008 to control who can purchase takeaway alcohol and how much they could buy each day. Development of the system was rooted in the principles of community development and self‐determination. This commentary describes how COVID‐19 and associated changes in levels of alcohol harms mobilised community support for a review of the system, that had operated unchanged for the past decade. COVID‐19 was adventitious in revealing compelling localised information which encouraged examination of potential improvements to the system. An updated regime is now being trialled, which sets daily limits on the alcohol purchases of everyone in the area. This experience illustrates the benefits of timely and relevant data to assist communities in formulating local solutions to local problems.
A qualitative study of recruitment strategies: Perspectives from older adults living with diabetes
Authors: Smith Cambray , Sarteau Angelica Cristello , Crampton Caroline , Noe Violet , Qu Xiaorui , Busby‐Whitehead Jan , Young Laura A. , Kahkoska Anna R.
Published: July 2024

Aims

There is a need to increase representation of diverse older adults in health‐related qualitative research to better understand and improve chronic disease care over the lifespan. Our aim was to elicit perspectives about research recruitment among a diverse sample of older adults with diabetes participating in a qualitative study.

Methods

Older adults with diabetes and caregivers were recruited through purposive sampling for semi‐structured interviews focused on diabetes self care. Six questions were used to explore recruitment strategies and recommendations for engaging older adults in research. We analysed interview transcripts using descriptive analysis to identify themes related to engaging older adults in research studies.

Results

Seventeen older adults with diabetes and three caregivers participated (N = 20). Descriptive analysis revealed four themes: (1) Recruitment of older adults requires varied strategies to overcome barriers to engagement and participation; (2) Building and leveraging personal relationships is central to successful recruitment; (3) Transparent communication about the research process and value of the study is needed to inform and motivate older adults to participate; and (4) Research offers a connection to a broader community: sharing, learning and helping others.

Conclusions

We found four main themes related to the complexity of recruiting older adults for research studies. These insights may inform more effective, equitable and inclusive recruitment efforts targeted at older adults in the future.
Reversal of insulin resistance in people with obesity by lifestyle‐induced weight loss does not impact the proportion of circulating 12α‐hydroxylated bile acids
Authors: Palmiotti Anna , Berk Kirsten A. , Koehorst Martijn , Hovingh Milaine V. , Pranger Alle T. , van Faassen Martijn , de Boer Jan Freark , van der Valk Eline S. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , Mulder Monique T. , Kuipers Folkert
Published: July 2024

Aim

Bile acids (BAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of several metabolic syndrome‐related diseases, including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). It has been reported that IR and T2D are associated with an increased ratio of 12α/non‐12α‐hydroxylated BAs in the circulating BA pool. It is, however, unknown whether the improvement of insulin sensitivity inversely affects BA composition in humans. Therefore, we assessed whether lifestyle‐induced weight loss induces changes in BA metabolism in people with obesity, with or without T2D, and if these changes are associated with metabolic parameters.

Materials and Methods

Individual BAs and C4 were quantified by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in plasma samples collected from two cohorts of people with obesity (OB) and with T2D and obesity (T2D), before and after a lifestyle intervention.

Results

Lifestyle‐induced weight loss improved glycaemic control in both cohorts, with plasma BA concentrations not affected by the lifestyle interventions. The ratio of 12α/non‐12α‐hydroxylated BAs remained unchanged in OB (p = .178) and even slightly increased upon intervention in T2D (p = .0147). Plasma C4 levels were unaffected in OB participants (p = .20) but significantly reduced in T2D after intervention (p = .0003). There were no significant correlations between the ratio of 12α/non‐12α‐hydroxylated BAs and glucose, insulin, or homeostatic model assessment‐IR, nor in plasma triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein (a) in the T2D cohort.

Conclusions

Lifestyle‐induced weight loss did improve glycaemic control but did not affect BA concentrations. Improvements in insulin sensitivity were not associated with changes in BA parameters in people with obesity, with or without T2D.
Introgression affects Salmo trutta juvenile life‐history traits generations after stocking with non‐native strains
Authors: Bekkevold Dorte , Besnier Francois , Frank‐Gopolos Thomas , Nielsen Einar E. , Glover Kevin A.
Published: July 2024

Introgression of non‐native conspecifics changes the genetic composition of wild populations, potentially leading to loss of local adaptations and fitness declines. However, long‐term data from wild populations are still relatively few. Here, we studied the effects of introgression in a Danish brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.) population, subjected to intensive stocking with domesticated hatchery fish of non‐native origin. We used wild‐caught genetically wild and admixed trout as well as fish from the partly domesticated hatchery strain used for stocking the river up until ~15 years prior to this study, to produce 22 families varying in hatchery/wild admixture. Following a replicated common‐garden experiment conducted in fish tanks from first feeding through 23 weeks at 7, 12, and 16°C, we observed a significant positive relationship between family admixture and fish size upon termination, an effect observed through all levels of admixture. Furthermore, the admixture effect was most distinct at the higher rearing temperatures. Although the hatchery strain used for stocking had been in culture for ~7 generations, it had not been deliberately selected for increased growth. These data thus demonstrate: (i) that growth had increased in the hatchery strain even in the absence of deliberate directional selection for this trait, (ii) that the increasing effect of admixture by temperature could represent inadvertent selection for performance in the hatchery strain at higher temperatures, and most significantly, (iii) that despite undergoing up to five generations of natural selection in the admixed wild population, the genetically increased growth potential was still detectable and thus persistent. Our findings suggest that altered growth patterns and potentially their cascading effects are of importance to the severity of hatchery/wild introgression, especially under changing‐climate scenarios and are of general significance to conservation practitioners seeking to evaluate long‐term effects of intra‐specific hybridization including under recovery.
Primary to post‐depositional microbial controls on the stable and clumped isotope record of shoreline sediments at Fayetteville Green Lake
Authors: Leapaldt Hanna C. , Frantz Carie M. , Olsen‐Valdez Juliana , Snell Kathryn E. , Trower Elizabeth J. , Ingalls Miquela
Published: July 2024

Lacustrine carbonates are a powerful archive of paleoenvironmental information but are susceptible to post‐depositional alteration. Microbial metabolisms can drive such alteration by changing carbonate saturation in situ, thereby driving dissolution or precipitation. The net impact these microbial processes have on the primary δ18O, δ13C, and Δ47 values of lacustrine carbonate is not fully known. We studied the evolution of microbial community structure and the porewater and sediment geochemistry in the upper ~30 cm of sediment from two shoreline sites at Green Lake, Fayetteville, NY over 2 years of seasonal sampling. We linked seasonal and depth‐based changes of porewater carbonate chemistry to microbial community composition, in situ carbon cycling (using δ13C values of carbonate, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and organic matter), and dominant allochems and facies. We interpret that microbial processes are a dominant control on carbon cycling within the sediment, affecting porewater DIC, aqueous carbon chemistry, and carbonate carbon and clumped isotope geochemistry. Across all seasons and sites, microbial organic matter remineralization lowers the δ13C of the porewater DIC. Elevated carbonate saturation states in the sediment porewaters (Ω > 3) were attributed to microbes from groups capable of sulfate reduction, which were abundant in the sediment below 5 cm depth. The nearshore carbonate sediments at Green Lake are mainly composed of microbialite intraclasts/oncoids, charophytes, larger calcite crystals, and authigenic micrite—each with a different origin. Authigenic micrite is interpreted to have precipitated in situ from the supersaturated porewaters from microbial metabolism. The stable carbon isotope values (δ13Ccarb) and clumped isotope values (Δ47) of bulk carbonate sediments from the same depth horizons and site varied depending on both the sampling season and the specific location within a site, indicating localized (μm to mm) controls on carbon and clumped isotope values. Our results suggest that biological processes are a dominant control on carbon chemistry within the sedimentary subsurface of the shorelines of Green Lake, from actively forming microbialites to pore space organic matter remineralization and micrite authigenesis. A combination of biological activity, hydrologic balance, and allochem composition of the sediments set the stable carbon, oxygen, and clumped isotope signals preserved by the Green Lake carbonate sediments.
“Entanglement” as a concept in recent research on Christian missions in the South Pacific and Africa
Authors: Tilson Kate
Published: July 2024

This article provides a short overview of ‘entanglement’ in recent histories of mission, examining what distinguishes it from earlier conceptualisations of cross‐cultural encounters. This article locates the emergence of the term in the social sciences and global histories of empire, and explores its current influence in studies of Christian evangelism in imperial and colonial contexts. This article shows the strengths of recent works on entanglement, while indicating some new research avenues for scholars of mission. The discussion primarily focuses on research on Africa and the South Pacific.
Consumer adoption of digital health services: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Goel Anushka , Singh Aarushi , Taneja Udita , Jain Shilpa
Published: July 2024

Digital health services (DHSs) have revolutionized the healthcare sector to provide quality care facilities that are affordable, efficient, and universally accessible. By making patients the focus of the healthcare delivery process, these services can offer more personalized and effective health solutions and thus facilitate a more robust and resilient health ecosystem. The adoption of these services increased manifold during the COVID‐19 pandemic and gained immense attention from researchers across the globe. Despite this, there is limited knowledge about the facets of DHS adoption from the consumers' perspective. Thus, it is imperative to synthesize the extant literature to provide a holistic view of DHS adoption. This article offers an organized, retrospective view of the DHS literature, using a framework‐based systematic review approach to identify factors contributing to DHS adoption from the consumers' perspective. To do this, 63 articles from the Web of Science database over the last 23 years were systematically reviewed using two well‐known organising frameworks. The Antecedents‐Decisions‐Outcomes framework uncovers the known associations of constructs in the DHS literature. Followed by the theories‐contexts‐methods framework that offers information on the theoretical, contextual, and methodological approaches applied in the DHS research. Additionally, the article identifies the major gaps in the existing body of literature and offers a few recommendations for future investigation for researchers and practitioners in the fields of consumer behaviour, technology, and health management. The global perspective of this review has multiple ramifications that can foster a more sustainable healthcare system by giving insight into consumers' perspectives.
Cash holding by consumers: The role of the perceived characteristics of money
Authors: Acedański Jan , Maciejewski Grzegorz , Pietrucha Jacek
Published: July 2024

This study examined why consumers who typically pay electronically at points of sale still carry cash and explained the inertia of demand for cash by considering the additional (perceived by consumers) characteristics of cash. The research was motivated by the growing discussion on why cash, despite the increasing importance of e‐payments, remains a significant part of the demand for money. The study focused on psychological factors and consumers' perceptions of certain features of cash, which make it an attractive additional option for precautionary reasons, and therefore, explored beyond the typical discussion of money as a means of payment. The structural equation modeling based on data collected as part of a survey of Polish consumers was used to verify the hypotheses. It was revealed that cash becomes a reserve solution for consumers, which is kept “just in case” to expand the scope of personal freedom and flexibility in making payments and protect against various potential restrictions and threats related to e‐payments. Consumers' holding of cash as an additional option depends on three key factors: attitude toward cash, particularly the flexibility it offers, unusual purchasing situations, and perceived card or mobile payment risk, considered as a moderator. In the debate on the future of cash, the study supports the position that cash has a place in the modern payment system, although it plays a different role. Cash is a supportive backup solution. Eliminating cash significantly reduces consumer welfare.
Efficacy of communicating periodontal risk on psychological outcomes and supragingival plaque control in patients undergoing first periodontal consultation: A parallel‐arm, randomized trial
Authors: Farina Roberto , Simonelli Anna , Guarnelli Maria Elena , Secchiati Giacomo , Montemezzo Giulia , Scapoli Chiara , Trombelli Leonardo
Published: July 2024

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of the PerioRisk prognostic tool in implementing the effect of motivational interviewing (MI) on psychological outcomes and supragingival plaque control.

Materials and Methods

Participants underwent MI immediately after their first periodontal visit. According to a parallel‐arm, randomized study design, MI was performed with (RISK group) or without (CTR group) information on PerioRisk level and treatment goals based on PerioRisk output. Psychological outcomes were assessed using the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Plaque index (PI) was re‐evaluated after 8–12 weeks.

Results

Significant improvements in PMT overall score and PI were observed in CTR and RISK groups, without inter‐group difference in PANAS and PMT overall scores and PI. A sub‐analysis showed that the overall PMT scores recorded immediately after MI in both CTR and RISK groups for subjects with no tooth loss due to periodontitis were higher than those recorded before MI in subjects with tooth loss due to periodontitis.

Conclusions

At first periodontal visit, MI (implemented with without PerioRisk) has tangible effects on psychological outcomes and supragingival plaque control and seems to anticipate the awareness that is commonly generated by periodontitis‐related tooth loss (ClinicalTrials.gov protocol registration ID: NCT05078411).
Explicit inference: A meta‐replication of SEER cancer registry research evaluating the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion
Authors: Semprini Jason
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Among the provisions within the Affordable Care Act (ACA), expanding Medicaid was arguably the greatest contributor to increasing access to care. For over a decade, researchers have investigated how Medicaid expansion impacted cancer outcomes. Over this same decade, statistical theory illuminated how state‐based policy research could be compromised by invalid inference. After reviewing the literature to identify the inference strategies of state‐based cancer registry Medicaid expansion research, this study aimed to assess how inference decisions could change the interpretation of Medicaid expansion's impact on staging, treatment, and mortality in cancer patients.

Data sources

Cancer case data (2000–2019) was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) programme. Cases included all cancer sites combined, top 10 cancer sites combined, and three screening amenable cancers (colorectal, female breast, female cervical).

Study design

A Difference‐in‐Differences design estimated the association between Medicaid expansion and four binary outcomes: distant stage, initiating treatment >1 month after diagnosis, no surgery recommendation, and death. Three inference techniques were compared: (1) traditional, (2) cluster, and (3) Wild Cluster Bootstrap.

Data collection

Data was accessed via SEER*Stat.

Principal findings

Estimating standard errors via traditional inference would suggest that Medicaid expansion was associated with delayed treatment initiation and surgery recommendations. Traditional and clustered inference also suggested that Medicaid expansion reduced mortality. Inference using Wild Cluster Bootstrap techniques never rejected the null hypotheses.

Conclusions

This study reiterates the importance of explicit inference. Future state‐based, cancer policy research can be improved by incorporating emerging techniques. These findings warrant caution when interpreting prior SEER research reporting significant effects of Medicaid expansion on cancer outcomes, especially studies that did not explicitly define their inference strategy.
Methods and approaches for developing plain language versions of guidelines recommendations: Scoping review protocol
Authors: Friessová Tereza , Langaufová Alena , Dolanová Dana , Beharková Natália , Vrbová Tereza , Búřilová Petra , Pokorná Andrea
Published: July 2024

Aims and Objectives

This is a protocol of a scoping review that will aim to synthesise methodological evidence on formulating plain language versions of recommendations from guidelines both for clinical practice and for public health.

Method

We will conduct a search in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid) databases, and webpages of guidelines developers with no language and date limitations. The title/abstract and full‐text screening will be performed by two reviewers independently. The team of reviewers will extract data on methods used for developing plain language versions of recommendations in a standardised manner. The data analysis and synthesis will be presented narratively in tabular form.

Results and Conclusion

We will conduct a scoping review based on this protocol.
Can large language models provide accurate and quality information to parents regarding chronic kidney diseases?
Authors: Naz Rüya , Akacı Okan , Erdoğan Hakan , Açıkgöz Ayfer
Published: July 2024

Rationale

Artificial Intelligence (AI) large language models (LLM) are tools capable of generating human‐like text responses to user queries across topics. The use of these language models in various medical contexts is currently being studied. However, the performance and content quality of these language models have not been evaluated in specific medical fields.

Aims and objectives

This study aimed to compare the performance of AI LLMs ChatGPT, Gemini and Copilot in providing information to parents about chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and compare the information accuracy and quality with that of a reference source.

Methods

In this study, 40 frequently asked questions about CKD were identified. The accuracy and quality of the answers were evaluated with reference to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. The accuracy of the responses generated by LLMs was assessed using F1, precision and recall scores. The quality of the responses was evaluated using a five‐point global quality score (GQS).

Results

ChatGPT and Gemini achieved high F1 scores of 0.89 and 1, respectively, in the diagnosis and lifestyle categories, demonstrating significant success in generating accurate responses. Furthermore, ChatGPT and Gemini were successful in generating accurate responses with high precision values in the diagnosis and lifestyle categories. In terms of recall values, all LLMs exhibited strong performance in the diagnosis, treatment and lifestyle categories. Average GQ scores for the responses generated were 3.46 ± 0.55, 1.93 ± 0.63 and 2.02 ± 0.69 for Gemini, ChatGPT 3.5 and Copilot, respectively. In all categories, Gemini performed better than ChatGPT and Copilot.

Conclusion

Although LLMs provide parents with high‐accuracy information about CKD, their use is limited compared with that of a reference source. The limitations in the performance of LLMs can lead to misinformation and potential misinterpretations. Therefore, patients and parents should exercise caution when using these models.
Star wars: The hidden empire
Authors: Yadin‐Israel Azzan
Published: July 2024

The remarkable cultural vitality of Star Wars and the subsequent franchise is due in part to the way in which it simultaneously builds on and bolsters the Gramscian “common sense” that America is not an empire. Like the Western, Star Wars uses apolitical individualism to portray political actions as the result of individuals' search for freedom, while representing the galaxy as home to a single, evil Empire. These narrative mechanisms, invite the viewers of Star Wars to think of the United States as a ragtag group of fighters battling an oppressive empire, but not itself an empire.
Assessing bias in the causal role of HPV in oral cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Yap Tami , Ramani Rishi , McCullough Michael , Singh Ankur
Published: July 2024

Objective

High‐risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are an established cause of oropharyngeal cancer. Their relationship with oral cancer remains unclear with detection ranging from 0% to 100%. HPV DNA detection or evidence of exposure alone is insufficient to conclude causality. This systematic review assesses the extent of bias in studies of HPV detection in cancers of the oral cavity.

Methods

PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycInfo databases were searched for observational studies reporting the effect of HPV in oral cavity specific cancers.

Results

All 15 included studies presented HPV DNA detection or serum HPV‐antibodies, none included mRNA E6/E7 analysis. Cases with oral cancer had 5.36 times (95% CI 3.29–8.72) higher odds of having HPV detected compared to controls. The odds of HPV detection were higher in cell‐based (OR 6.93; 95% CI 0.82–58.55) and tissue samples (OR 5.28; 95% CI 3.41–8.18) than blood‐based samples (OR 3.36; 95% CI 1.53–7.40).

Conclusion

When cancer site is clearly differentiated between oropharynx and oral cavity, 12 studies showed strong association between HPV and oral cancer, but the available estimates lack internal validity due to inconsistent measurements, high confounding, and lack of gold standard testing. There is not high‐quality evidence to conclude a causal relationship of HPV with oral cancer.
Revisiting “Bounded Spaces in the Mobile World”: A Contextualized Rejoinder
Authors: Paasi Anssi
Published: July 2024

This contribution aims firstly to contextualize the author's article Bounded spaces in the mobile world: Deconstructing “regional identity” and, secondly, to give a response to four invited comments on that article published on this forum. This paper is organized as follows. After the introduction, the geographical and conceptual contextualization of the TESG article and the scientific links behind the article will be discussed. These are followed by a response to four comments.
Conducting a successful diet trial for the diagnosis of food allergy in dogs and cats
Authors: Jackson Hilary A. , Dembele Veronique
Published: July 2024

A limited antigen diet trial and subsequent food provocation is currently the optimal method of confirming a diagnosis of food allergy in dogs and cats. However, performing an effective diet trial can be challenging as it requires a high level of client and pet compliance, appropriate diet selection and correct interpretation of the provocative challenge. This narrative guides the clinician through the process, highlights potential pitfalls and specifies how these can be avoided to achieve a successful outcome.
Print-N-Grip: A Disposable, Compliant, Scalable, and One-Shot 3D-Printed Multifingered Robotic Hand
Authors: Laron Alon , Sne Eran , Perets Yaron , Sintov Avishai
Published: July 2024

Robotic hands are an important tool for replacing humans in handling toxic or radioactive materials. However, these are usually highly expensive, and in many cases, once they are contaminated, they cannot be re-used. Some solutions cope with this challenge by 3D printing parts of a tendon-based hand. However, fabrication requires additional assembly steps. Therefore, a novice user may have difficulties fabricating a hand upon contamination of the previous one. We propose the Print-N-Grip (PNG) hand, which is a tendon-based underactuated mechanism able to adapt to the shape of objects. The hand is fabricated through one-shot 3D printing with no additional engineering effort and can accommodate a number of fingers as desired by the practitioner. Due to its low cost, the PNG hand can be easily detached from a universal base for disposing upon contamination and replaced by a newly printed one. In addition, the PNG hand is scalable such that one can effortlessly resize the computerized model and print. We present the design of the PNG hand along with experiments to show the capabilities and high durability of the hand.
Tof-SIMS spectra of historical inorganic pigments: Copper-, zinc-, arsenic-, and phosphorus-containing pigments in positive polarity
Authors: Bouvier Caroline , Van Nuffel Sebastiaan , Brunelle Alain
Published: July 2024

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is increasingly used to analyze cultural heritage materials because it can simultaneously detect organic and inorganic materials while mapping them on a surface. The precise identification of a pigment in a specific layer of a painting or of remaining color on a statue can inform about the technique used or the time of manufacture as well as expose possible forgeries when anachronistic ingredients are identified. Reference spectra are required to confidently identify a given pigment using ToF-SIMS. This paper focuses on eight pigments containing copper, zinc, arsenic, or phosphate, all manufactured following historical recipes. The positive polarity ToF-SIMS reference spectra using a Bi3 + primary ion species are presented here. Presented together, these spectra and corresponding tables of secondary ions provide a valuable help in differentiating these pigments, because copper, zinc, arsenic, or phosphate, combined with oxygen, share many mass interferences.
Traffic noise transmitted indoors
Authors: Zeitler Berndt , Batista da Cunha Iara , Schneider Martin , Mueller-Trapet Markus
Published: July 2024

In numerous countries, traffic noise is widely acknowledged as a highly disturbing form of pollution. Given that individuals spend a substantial portion of their day indoors, the impact of traffic noise perceived indoors is of considerable significance. To establish appropriate sound insulation requirements for buildings, it is essential to correlate subjective annoyance with objective ratings. This paper aims to present the regulations implemented by various countries and present preliminary findings from ongoing studies that involve listening tests using either measured or simulated traffic noise in indoor environments.
Model-based deep learning for ultrasound localization microscopy
Authors: Stevens Tristan S. , Luijten Ben , de Vries Ivar R. , Sloun Ruud J.
Published: July 2024

Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) effectively visualizes vasculature through localization of microbubbles using ultrasound. However, challenges arise from the domain gap between clean data from controlled lab environments and real-world scenarios. Factors, such as high bubble densities, reduced frame rates, and poor image quality (e.g., due to aberration), impede clinical adoption. Traditional methods face limitations in handling the challenging nature of ULM, which have spurred the integration of data-driven techniques. We specifically focus on model-based deep learning, emphasizing statistical inference techniques for increased robustness on out-of-distribution data. The localization task is expressed as an inverse problem y = Hx + n, where y, x, and n represent the observed ultrasound signal, underlying microbubble localizations, and noise. Inaccuracies in the measurement matrix H arise from oversimplified ultrasound acquisition models (i.e., aberration distorting the point-spread function), necessitating the application of spatial priors to regularize the forward model. The ISTA algorithm can enforce sparsity on x and help solve the ill-posed inverse problem. A deep learning extension, namely learned ISTA, can additionally mitigate errors in the forward model. Beyond spatial priors, imposing temporal priors on individual microbubbles enhances accuracy. KalmanNet, integrating Kalman filtering with deep learning, exemplifies this approach by effectively learning the temporal dynamics of microbubbles.
Towards reduced ultrasound localization microscopy acquisition time by means of monodisperse microbubbles uncoupling
Authors: Tuccio Giulia , te Winkle Lisa , van Hoeve Wim , Demi Libertario
Published: July 2024

Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) unveils the microvascular structures using microbubbles (MBs) flowing in the circulatory system. As ULM relies on the precise localization and tracking of individual MBs, using high MB concentrations yields to high localization errors and ULM failure. ULM is, therefore, constrained to low MBs concentrations, leading to long acquisition times. To tackle this limitation, in this study, we propose an approach based on the injection of distinct monodisperse MBs, each characterized by a specific resonance behavior. As a proof of concept, we acquired and analyzed ultrasound data from a vascular phantom, where we singularly injected two monodisperse MB populations. Data were collected using an ULA-OP equipped with an Esaote LA533 probe. Pulses with a center frequency of 3 MHz and a bandwidth of 1MHz were utilized for imaging. MBs with diameters equal to 2.5 and 4.1 μm were injected in the phantom. MBs uncoupling was then performed exploiting the differences in the second harmonic signal intensity generated by the two MB populations. Results demonstrate the feasibility of monodisperse MBs uncoupling, enabling the use of higher microbubble concentrations for ULM, and thus, reducing acquisition time.
Incorporating the effect of frequency-independent attenuation within the on-axis spatial impulse response of a circular piston
Authors: McGough Robert J.
Published: July 2024

The spatial impulse response is important for numerical simulations of diagnostic ultrasound. The spatial impulse response, which describes transient diffraction due to an impulsive input, yields closed form analytical expressions for various transducer geometries when the medium is lossless. These analytical expressions are advantageous for simulations that repeatedly evaluate these expressions at hundreds of thousands of points. However, spatial impulse responses evaluated for lossy materials typically require additional numerical calculations that substantially increase the computation time. Thus, analytical or rapidly converging numerical expressions for the lossy spatial impulse response are expected to greatly enhance present simulation methods. This motivates the derivation of on-axis spatial impulse responses for a circular piston that model frequency-independent attenuation. Closed-form analytical expressions for the on-axis spatial impulse response are introduced for two closely related frequency-independent attenuation models. The results show that, as the attenuation constant increases, the peak amplitudes of these lossy on-axis spatial impulse responses decrease. The lossy on-axis impulse response also decreases slightly as time increases beyond the initial arrival time, whereas the lossless on-axis spatial impulse response for a circular piston maintains a constant value after the initial arrival time.
ASA's computational acoustics Technical Committee
Authors: Wilson D. Keith
Published: July 2024

Computational acoustics is in its second full year as a Technical Committee, after being promoted from a Technical Specialty Group in May 2022. The CA TC provides a forum for researchers interested in numerical methods pertinent to acoustic wave propagation and structures, data analytics, validation, optimization, visualization, as well as application of computational models to engineering, noise control, and other practical problems. Some areas of current and emerging interest include artificial intelligence, uncertainty characterization, model reduction techniques, efficient parallelization, and time-domain treatments of dissipation. The CA TC is also interested in building collaborations with other TCs on repositories and benchmarks for codes and data.
Introduction to the Acoustical Oceanography Technical Committee
Authors: Barclay David R.
Published: July 2024

The Acoustical Oceanography Technical Committee is responsible for representing and fostering Acoustical Oceanography within the Acoustical Society of America. It is concerned with the development and use of acoustical techniques to measure and understand the physical, biological, geological, and chemical parameters and processes of the sea. Several acoustical methods are used to quantitatively study various oceanographic processes. Approaches include ocean parameter estimation by acoustical methods, remote sensing by passive and active acoustics, acoustic imaging, inversion, and tomography, and developing acoustical instrumentation for oceanographic studies.
Unilateral transmission in bilinearly coupled systems
Authors: Kogani Ali , Yousefzadeh Behrooz
Published: July 2024

This work investigates the steady-state vibration transmission characteristics of phononic lattices featuring bilinear coupling forces. We focus specifically on the phenomenon of unilateral transmission, which occurs when the transmitted vibrations maintain either complete compression or tension; i.e., the transmitted displacement does not change signs and remains either positive or negative. We consider bilinearly coupled oscillators as the unit cell for a bilinear phononic lattice. We conduct a parametric study for the unit cell and determine the boundary for the onset of unilateral transmission. We then extend the analysis to a bilinear phononic lattice. In both cases, we compute the steady-state response and linear stability of the system, considering bilinear forces with both amplitude-dependent and amplitude-independent properties. We identify regimes of nonreciprocal unilateral transmission when the mirror symmetry of the unit cell is broken. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of unilateral transmission in systems with bilinear elasticity.
Hierarchical coiled phononic crystals: Reflectionless interfaces by duality
Authors: Willey Carson , Chen Vincent , Juhl Abigail T.
Published: July 2024

Duality has previously been demonstrated in twisted Kagome lattices, which are composed of a 2-D unit cell whose configuration can be transformed smoothly by varying a particular unit cell parameter. In the Kagome lattice, the twist angle defines the orientation of two triangular structures comprising the unit cell. In this case, duality expresses the fact that dispersion curves are identical for twist angles that are + /− δψ away from the self-dual configuration at ψ;c. The term self-dual refers to a certain unit cell configuration where dispersion curve families become degenerate, and thus, overlap. In this talk, a 1-D phononic crystal (PnC), composed of rotation-locked nodes linked by flexible bars modeled by continuum elements, is studied as a function of a twist angle. Interestingly, we demonstrate that a 1-D bar-based PnC also exhibits duality, when subjected to periodic rotation locking at the nodes. We show that particular segments of dual unit cells, having a + /− 90o difference in their wave propagation axes may be connected together without reflection and that this enables hierarchically coiled PnC (HCPnC), is contrasted with topologically protected metamaterials that also enable reflectionless wave propagation around a corner.