bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of long-term bisphosphonate therapy on trabecular bone strength and microcrack density
Authors: Jin A. , Cobb J. , Hansen U. , Bhattacharya R. , Reinhard C. , Vo N. , Atwood R. , Li J. , Karunaratne A. , Wiles C. , Abel R.
Published: October 2017

Objectives

Bisphosphonates (BP) are the first-line treatment for preventing fragility fractures. However, concern regarding their efficacy is growing because bisphosphonate is associated with over-suppression of remodelling and accumulation of microcracks. While dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning may show a gain in bone density, the impact of this class of drug on mechanical properties remains unclear. We therefore sought to quantify the mechanical strength of bone treated with BP (oral alendronate), and correlate data with the microarchitecture and density of microcracks in comparison with untreated controls.

Methods

Trabecular bone from hip fracture patients treated with BP (n = 10) was compared with naïve fractured (n = 14) and non-fractured controls (n = 6). Trabecular cores were synchrotron scanned and micro-CT scanned for microstructural analysis, including quantification of bone volume fraction, microarchitecture and microcracks. The specimens were then mechanically tested in compression.

Results

BP bone was 28% lower in strength than untreated hip fracture bone, and 48% lower in strength than non-fractured control bone (4.6 MPa vs 6.4 MPa vs 8.9 MPa). BP-treated bone had 24% more microcracks than naïve fractured bone and 51% more than non-fractured control (8.12/cm2 vs 6.55/cm2 vs 5.25/cm2). BP and naïve fracture bone exhibited similar trabecular microarchitecture, with significantly lower bone volume fraction and connectivity than non-fractured controls.

Conclusion

BP therapy had no detectable mechanical benefit in the specimens examined. Instead, its use was associated with substantially reduced bone strength. This low strength may be due to the greater accumulation of microcracks and a lack of any discernible improvement in bone volume or microarchitecture. This preliminary study suggests that the clinical impact of BP-induced microcrack accumulation may be significant. Cite this article: A. Jin, J. Cobb, U. Hansen, R. Bhattacharya, C. Reinhard, N. Vo, R. Atwood, J. Li, A. Karunaratne, C. Wiles, R. Abel. The effect of long-term bisphosphonate therapy on trabecular bone strength and microcrack density. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:602–609. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.610.BJR-2016-0321.R1.
Impact of the PROFHER trial findings on surgeons’ clinical practice
Authors: Jefferson L. , Brealey S. , Handoll H. , Keding A. , Kottam L. , Sbizzera I. , Rangan A.
Published: October 2017

Objectives

To explore whether orthopaedic surgeons have adopted the Proximal Fracture of the Humerus: Evaluation by Randomisation (PROFHER) trial results routinely into clinical practice.

Methods

A questionnaire was piloted with six orthopaedic surgeons using a ‘think aloud’ process. The final questionnaire contained 29 items and was distributed online to surgeon members of the British Orthopaedic Association and British Elbow and Shoulder Society. Descriptive statistics summarised the sample characteristics and fracture treatment of respondents overall, and grouped them by whether they changed practice based on PROFHER trial findings. Free-text responses were analysed qualitatively for emerging themes using Framework Analysis principles.

Results

There were complete responses from 265 orthopaedic and trauma surgeons who treat patients with proximal humeral fractures. Around half (137) had changed practice to various extents because of PROFHER, by operating on fewer PROFHER-eligible fractures. A third (43) of the 128 respondents who had not changed practice were already managing patients non-operatively. Those who changed practice were more likely to be younger, work in a trauma unit rather than a major trauma centre, be specialist shoulder surgeons and treat fewer PROFHER-eligible fractures surgically. This group gave higher scores when assessing validity and applicability of PROFHER. In contrast, a quarter of the non-changers were critical, sometimes emphatically, of PROFHER. The strongest theme that emerged overall was the endorsement of evidence-based practice.

Conclusion

PROFHER has had an impact on surgeons’ clinical practice, both through changing it, and through underpinning existing non-operative practice. Although some respondents expressed reservations about the trial, evidence from such trials was found to be the most important influence on surgeons’ decisions to change practice. Cite this article: L. Jefferson, S. Brealey, H. Handoll, A. Keding, L. Kottam, I. Sbizzera, A. Rangan. Impact of the PROFHER trial findings on surgeons’ clinical practice: An online questionnaire survey. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:590–599. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.610.BJR-2017-0170.
Quantitative Rapid Analysis Method for Ofloxacin in Raw Milk Based on Molecule-Specific Recognition and Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum
Authors: Hui Guohua , Ying Yibin
Published: October 2017

Abstract.

A quantitative rapid analysis method for ofloxacin detection in raw milk using molecule-specific recognition and an electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) technique was investigated in this study. An association complex (AC) formed by a combination of ofloxacin and sodium tetraphenylboron (ST) was used as the active material for electrochemical analysis. A carbon screen-printed electrode (CSE) was modified with the AC to form an electrochemical active membrane for ofloxacin detection. EIS data of pretreated raw milk samples were measured and analyzed with a non-linear bistable stochastic resonance (SR) model. Trace ofloxacin concentrations were characterized by SR output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) eigen values. An ofloxacin quantitative analysis model was built based on SNR eigen values. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method presented good accuracy, repeatability, and recovery. It is a promising way for ofloxacin detection in raw milk. Keywords: Association complex, Electrochemical impedance spectrum, Ofloxacin, Quantitative analysis, Sodium tetraphenylboron.
Detection of Internally Bruised Blueberries Using Hyperspectral Transmittance Imaging
Authors: Zhang Mengyun , Li Changying , Takeda Fumiomi , Yang Fuzeng
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Internal bruise damage that occurs in blueberry fruit during harvest operations and postharvest handling lowers the overall quality and causes significant economic losses. The main goal of this study was to nondestructively detect internal bruises in blueberries after mechanical damage using hyperspectral transmittance imaging. A total of 600 hand-harvested blueberries were divided into 20 groups of four storage times (30 min, 3 h, 12 h, and 24 h), two storage temperatures (22°C and 4°C), and three treatments (stem bruise, equator bruise, and control). A near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system was used to acquire transmittance images from 970 to 1400 nm with 5 nm bandwidth. Images were acquired from three orientations (calyx-up, stem-up, and equator-up) for fruit in the control and stem bruise groups and from four orientations (calyx-up, stem-up, equator-up, and equator-down) in the equator bruise groups. Immediately after imaging, the fruit samples were sliced, and the sliced surfaces were photographed. The color images of sliced fruit were used as references. By comparing with the reference color images, the profiles of spatial and spectral intensities were evaluated to observe the effect of orientation and help extract regions of interest (ROIs) of bruised and healthy tissues. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was trained and tested to classify pixels of bruised and healthy tissues. Classification maps were produced, and the bruise ratio was calculated to identify bruised blueberries (bruise ratio >25%). The average accuracy of blueberry identification was 94.5% with the stem-up orientation. The results indicate that detecting bruised blueberries as soon as 30 min after mechanical damage is feasible using hyperspectral transmittance imaging. Keywords: Blueberry, Bruise detection, Classification, Hyperspectral imagery, Transmittance mode.
Performance Evaluation of a Large-Scale Swine Manure Mesophilic Biogas Plant in China
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Wanqin , Dong Hongmin , Zhu Zhiping , Li Baoming
Published: October 2017

Abstract.

With the rapid growth of large-scale and intensive swine farms have come many ecological and environmental problems associated with the substantially increased and concentrated animal waste production. In this article, a swine manure and flushed slurry to renewable energy management system is present and discussed. This system was installed in a commercial feeder-to-finish swine farm with 18,000 head of swine in Beijing, China, and included two mesophilic upflow solids reactors (USRI and USRII, 500 m3 and 700 m3) and one psychrophilic plug-flow reactor (PFR, 1000 m3). In this study, USRII was monitored throughout a whole year to evaluate the performance of this swine waste to energy system. The biogas plant used mixed solid swine manure and flushed slurry as substrate with a relatively low organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.7 to 1.8 kg volatile solids (VS) m-3 d-1. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) varied from 15 to 22 days depending on the season. Less added water contributed to the longer HRT and more concentrated influent in winter. In winter, the specific methane production (SMP) of the digester was 0.43 m3 CH4 kg-1 VSadded, which was slightly lower than the value reported in Europe (0.45 m3 CH4 kg-1 VSadded) but about 48.3% higher than that in Asia (0.29 m3 CH4 kg-1 VSadded). This indicated that the performance of this USR in winter was stable, with a higher biogas production, and up to 90% of the VS was removed as well. However, the low OLR limited the volumetric methane production rate to only 0.21 to 0.57 m3 m-3 d-1. Keywords: Flushed slurry, Large-scale biogas plant, Monitoring, Performance, Swine manure.
Simulating Establishment Periods of Switchgrass and Miscanthus in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)
Authors: Feng Qingyu , Chaubey Indrajeet , Cibin Raj , Engel Bernard , Sudheer K. P. , Volenec Jeffrey
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The establishment periods of switchgrass and can be a time window when evapotranspiration, surface runoff generation, and sediment and nutrients losses are quite different from when the grasses become fully established, and this period may result in environmental concerns for large-scale biomass production. The current SWAT model does not simulate the establishment periods of perennial grasses. In this study, we modified the model to simulate these periods by updating the maximum annual leaf area index (LAI) instead of using a static value in the unmodified model. The improved SWAT model provided more realistic simulations of LAI values and yields comparable to observed yields from field plots during the establishment periods of the two perennial grasses. The modification made in the present study enabled the SWAT model to be more suitable for evaluating perennial biomass grass-related scenarios. Keywords: Biomass bioenergy, Establishment period, Miscanthus, SWAT, Switchgrass.
Effects of Irrigation Amount on Alfalfa Yield and Quality with a Center-Pivot System
Authors: Li Maona , Liu Yang , Yan Haijun , Sui Ruixiu
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Irrigation amount is one of the most important factors that need to be considered in the management of center-pivot irrigation systems for alfalfa producers. In 2014 and 2015, a field study was conducted at Saiwusu, Inner Mongolia, China. Three irrigation levels (100%, 80%, 60% ET) were used to evaluate the effects of irrigation amount on alfalfa yield and quality. For assessing the effects of water distribution variation of center-pivot systems on alfalfa yield and quality, the water application depth, alfalfa yield, and quality between the first span, second span, overhang, and end gun were also compared. The results showed no significant difference in annual yield between the 100% and 80% ET irrigation levels. Compared to irrigation at 100% and 80% ET, irrigation at 60% ET caused significant reductions in yield of 10% and 11%, respectively. As the irrigation amount decreased, total crop water use significantly declined from 617 to 405 mm, and water use efficiency (WUE) increased from 21.8 to 29.8 kg ha-1 mm-1. The water production functions of alfalfa were parabolic for each harvest. The proportions of seasonal actual water applied to each cutting were approximately 25%, 32%, and 43%, with contributions to annual yield accounting for 54%, 30%, and 16%, respectively, indicating that the third harvest of alfalfa had great potential for improving WUE and saving water. Irrigation level had a noticeable effect on the relative feed value (RFV) but no effect on crude protein (CP) concentration. The 60% ET irrigation level was conductive to increased CP concentration and RFV of alfalfa but was of no help to improve alfalfa quality grade. The spatial distributions of annual yield and quality were highly related to the spatial distribution of water for the center-pivot system. The coefficients of variation (CVs) for annual yield, RFV, and CP of the whole system were 5% to 12%, 2% to 8%, and 1% to 8%, respectively, while the CVs for actual irrigation amount ranged from 11% to 13%. Over-irrigation caused by the end gun slightly increased alfalfa annual yield, but it reduced the quality and WUE. Therefore, the end gun in a center-pivot irrigation system should be carefully selected for improving the uniformity of water application. The 80% ET irrigation level in the first and second cuttings and the 60% ET irrigation level in the third cutting are recommended for alfalfa production in semi-arid regions, such as western Inner Mongolia in China. Keywords: Alfalfa, Center-pivot irrigation, Quality, Water management, Yield.
PROJETO TERAPÊUTICO FAMILIAR: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE ATENÇÃO INTEGRAL EM UMA UNIDADE DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA NUM MUNICÍPIO DO SEMIÁRIDO BAIANO
Authors: Santos Vidal Luciana Maia , Figueroa Cristian David Osorio , Santos Leonardo Almeida , Pereira Ewerton Vinicius da Silva , Jesus Laila Vanessa de
Published: October 2017

A Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) é hoje o principal modelo de atenção à saúde do Brasil. Na tentativa de incorporar os princípios dessa estratégia, as atividades do módulo de Práticas de Integração Ensino, Serviço e Comunidade (PIESC), em parceria com uma equipe de Saúde da Família, desenvolveram ações de cuidado integral com famílias vulneráveis. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os problemas identificados e as intervenções realizadas por um grupo de estudantes de medicina e seus professores na elaboração do Projeto Terapêutico de uma família acompanhada. Foram identificados, como problemas, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e obesidade, que se agravaram ao existir sobrecarga do cuidador da família. A adesão terapêutica ainda é um dos principais entraves no êxito das intervenções no âmbito da ESF, mostrando a complexidade do processo saúde-doença-cuidado de cada indivíduo. A clínica ampliada como proposta pedagógica permitiu a identificação de fatores extrínsecos voltados para a compreensão da história individual de cada membro em seus riscos, vulnerabilidades e hábitos de vida assim como o papel do cuidador no processo de aderência, o que não seria possível na clínica tradicional. Políticas de promoção à saúde precisam ser desenvolvidas para a prática do cuidador diante o perfil sociodemográfico e epidemiológico brasileiro.
O ENSINO DA PEDIATRIA E DA GINECOLOGIA NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Rosa Márcia Reis Rocha , Costa Maria Conceição Oliveira , Rocha Andreia de Alencar Costa , Martins Adenilda Lima Lopes
Published: October 2017

Na formação do profissional médico, o processo de ensino/aprendizagem da Pediatria/Hebiatria e Ginecologia/Obstetrícia, enquanto especialidades básicas, constitui requisito fundamental para a atuação necessária e eficiente em Atenção Primária à Saúde. Portanto, além de um requisito primordial, a capacitação nessas especialidades se apresenta como um desafio para as Instituições de Ensino Superior/IES, independente do nível de desenvolvimento social e do país onde essas práticas possam ser planejadas e desenvolvidas. O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever a experiência desenvolvida pelos docentes e alunos do curso de medicina da UEFS, no cumprimento das atividades teórico-práticas dessas especialidades integrantes dos componentes curriculares das Práticas Integradas Ensino Serviço e Comunidade III e IV (PIESC III e IV), no período entre 2013 a 2016. São relatados procedimentos teórico-práticos, anamnese, exame físico, raciocínio diagnóstico, que permeiam o atendimento clínico. O processo de ensino/aprendizagem é analisado à luz das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de 2014, com identificação de facilidades e dificuldades enfrentadas pelas equipes. Considera-se que as atividades das PIESC III e IV vêm cumprindo seus objetivos no que concerne ao processo de ensino/aprendizagem da Clinica Ampliada em Pediatria e Ginecologia, para atuação profissional, no nível da Atenção Primária à Saúde.
DIAGNÓSTICO E PREVENÇÃO DA DENGUE EM UMA ÁREA DE COBERTURA DA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Uzêda André Almeida , Silva Helder Oliveira , Caires Jaqueline Silva , Tavares Jéssica Correia da Silva , Oliveira Jim Davis , Rodrigues Luiz Felipe de Farias , Damasceno Millena Vanessa Oliveira , Mendes Murilo Oliveira da Cunha , Dantas Paula Perazzo Araújo , Coelho Thereza Christina Bahia
Published: October 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e discutir a aplicação do Planejamento e Programação Local em Saúde (PPLS) para o diagnóstico de problemas em população da área de abrangência de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) de dado município do nordeste brasileiro, situada no entorno de uma universidade, como parte de uma atividade de aquisição de habilidades e competências médicas na graduação. Diagnosticada como um dos principais problemas de saúde pública, a Dengue foi priorizada na elaboração de um projeto de intervenção para sua prevenção composto por atividades de sensibilização e educação, que foram executadas no espaço de um ano, em parceria com a USF, o Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF) de referência e entidades da comunidade alvo, como a Associação de Catadores de Material Reciclável. Constatou-se que, mesmo sendo a Dengue um agravo muito veiculado pela mídia e com amplas formas de enfrentamento já praticadas pelo próprio sistema de saúde, ainda se mantinha mal dimensionada, enquanto problema, em face da resistência da população em modificar seus hábitos. O uso do PPLS se mostrou útil não apenas no sentido de organizar, executar e avaliar as intervenções propostas, mas como método que pode ser incorporado às práticas das equipes do Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Experiências de transformação de realidades complexas, realizadas por alunos de medicina, poderão repercutir não apenas na sua formação, mas no processo de trabalho de equipes da ESF.
PLANEJAMENTO E PROGRAMAÇÃO LOCAL EM SAÚDE (PPLS): UMA PROPOSTA PARA DESENVOLVIMENTO DE AÇÕES NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Silva Carlos Alberto Lima da , Sanabria Clara Aleida Prada , Silva Elisângela Mascarenhas , Musse Jamilly de Oliveira , Souza Alyne Mascarenhas , Rodrigues Dionny Sócrates de O. , Souza Eliaquim Nery Diniz , Duarte Eva Paloma de Oliveira , Santana Géssica Silva , Almeida Jennifer Silveira de , Dias Talita dos Santos , Araújo Thereza Cristina Dourado , Zuba Vitor Daniel Vieira , Souza William Karlisson Teixeira de
Published: October 2017

A busca por modelos de atenção com ênfase na promoção da saúde vem proporcionando a diversificação de cenários para novas práticas de ensino nas escolas médicas do Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever o uso do planejamento local no desenvolvimento de ações de saúde numa comunidade em Feira de Santana-Bahia. Trata-se de uma atividade desenvolvida pela disciplina "Práticas de Integração, Ensino, Serviço e Comunidade" (PIESC) do curso de medicina da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS). Para orientar as intervenções a serem realizadas, utilizou-se a Programação e Planejamento Local em Saúde (PPLS) que se constitui num instrumento metodológico voltado para a execução de práticas de promoção de saúde em nível local do Sistema Único de Saúde. Assim, foi construída uma planilha operativa elaborada a partir de agravos à saúde mais frequentes na área de abrangência da Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) Gabriela II. Inicialmente, foram programadas 12 atividades. Contudo, houve necessidade de reformulação da proposta devido à reavaliação das oficinas, reduzindo o número de atividades propostas para dez. Foram avaliados no presente artigo variantes resultantes da PPLS como reflexo da participação de terceiros nas ações educativas, na habilidade em transpor obstáculos na efetivação das intervenções e interação entre comunidade, USF e alunos. As observações desta experiência de planejamento em saúde reforçam a importância da utilização do PPLS na programação das ações voltadas para o enfrentamento das necessidades de saúde da população.
Identification of Common Cotton Contaminants using an FTIR Microscope with a Focal Plane Array Detector
Authors: Cintrón Michael Santiago , Rodgers James E.
Published: October 2017

In this study, a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscope equipped with a focal plane array detector (FPA) was used for the identification of common cotton contaminants. The detector provided highly-sensitive and spatially-resolved spectra that allows sampling of microscopic samples (e.g., single fibers and small specks), and the chemical imaging of samples. Seven cases of contaminant identification were studied; in each case, examination with a FTIR spectrometer and a reflection accessory provided inconclusive determinations. Spectra of contaminants were easily obtained with the FTIR microscope. While small deviations were observed, comparison to reference spectra allowed easy contaminant identification. This proof-of-concept study indicates that the FTIR-FPA microscope was particularly useful for identifying minute contaminants. Spatial resolution of the system also allowed for the chemical imaging of samples.
Review of Body Armor Research
Authors: Yang Dan , Hu Yu , Gong Xiaozhou , Zhang Shangyong , Chen Xiaogang
Published: October 2017

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of body armor research with regards to categories, function, and ballistic performance; demonstrating that the improvement in materials and structures are the two basic factors promoting the technology behind body armor improvements. Additionally, this review also provides a better understanding of body armor, its importance, and the benefits of further developments in this field.
Effects of two forms of concept mapping on L2 reading comprehension and strategy awareness
Authors: Rassaei Ehsan
Published: October 2017

The present study investigates the effects of two concept mapping strategies, guided concept mapping and concept map correction, on second language (L2) reading comprehension during eight instructional sessions. The study also aims to examine the effects of these concept mapping techniques on learners’ awareness of other reading strategies. The participants included 56 intermediate level Persian EFL learners enrolled in three intact EFL classrooms. The three intact classes were designated as two experimental groups and one control condition. Learners in one experimental group were asked to do guided concept mapping by reading a text in each session and completing a partially filled concept map of the text afterwards. The participants of the second experimental group were provided with a similar text in each session along with its concept map in which some concepts were wrongly incorporated and were asked to revise the concept map. Participants of the control group were asked to read the same texts without doing any concept mapping activity. Reading comprehension pre- and post-tests and a strategy awareness questionnaire were used as dependent measures. Analysis of the participants’ post-test comprehension scores revealed that both concept mapping techniques were effective for promoting the participants’ reading comprehension skill. Meanwhile, the results indicated that map correction was more effective than guided concept mapping for promoting reading comprehension. The findings also revealed that drawing concept maps enhances learners’ awareness of other reading strategies.
Modeling of Azobenzene-Based Compounds
Authors: Marturano V. , Ambrogi V. , Bandeira N. A. G. , Tylkowski B. , Giamberini M. , Cerruti P.
Published: October 2017

Azobenzene is by far the most studied photochromic molecule and its applications range from optical storage to bio-engineering. To exploit the great potential of azobenzene, one must achieve deep understanding of its photochemistry as single molecule in solution AS WELL AS in-chain moiety and pendent group in macromolecular structures. With the advent of computer-aided simulation scientists have been able to match experimental data with computational models. In this chapter, a review on the modeling of azobenzene-containing molecules in different conditions and environments IS provided with a special focus on advanced applications of photo-controllable materials, such as molecular machines and photoactivation of bio-molecules.
Differences in Disinfection Protocols of Raw Material Vials Intended for the Production of Parenteral Nutrition Mixtures
Authors: Humbert Caroline , Cros Cyrille , Bordenave Joelle , Benoit Guy
Published: October 2017

Background

Preparation of parenteral nutrition (PN) mixtures is performed in a controlled atmosphere area (CAA) under a laminar flow hood. In 2014 and 2015 quality controls have revealed contaminations of PN bags by Bacillus. The different products used to avoid this contamination were Aniosurf premium

Methods

Five protocols have been tested by varying the disinfection step: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium hypochlorite (immersion or spray), ethanol (non sporicidal) only by immersion. Prewash and aerosolization steps remained unchanged. For each series, a quantity of 30 vials have been prewashed, then disinfected according to the tested protocol, and finally aerosolized. In order to quantify the effectiveness of disinfection 10 vials were sampled using contact plates at every step of treatment.

Results

Microorganisms were found after ethanol disinfection (n=4) and aerosolization (n=2). No germs were found when hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite were used. The atmospheric rates of H2O2 were 0.2 ppm by immersion and 0.8 ppm by spray, these values are below the recommended value level (1 ppm).

Conclusions

This study has validated the use and effectiveness of these disinfecting products. Taking into account the efficiency and ease of use for staff, immersion has been preferred to spray and hydrogen peroxide to sodium hypochlorite.
Die Gouvernementalität widerständiger Alltagspraktiken: eine konzeptionelle Annäherung an Postwachstum, Subjektivierung und alltägliches Gegen-Führen
Authors: Linnemann Kirsten
Published: October 2017

Der aktuelle Trend zu alternativen Formen der Nahrungsmittelproduktion und Ernährung wird gerahmt von Diskursen über Postwachstum und Nachhaltigkeit, die Alternativen zum hegemonialen Wachstumsparadigma fordern und die gegenwärtige Ordnung zunehmend infrage stellen. Gleichzeitig appellieren sie an das Gewissen einzelner Subjekte und stellen individuelle (Konsum-)Entscheidungen in den größeren Zusammenhang sozial-ökologischer Verantwortungsdiskurse. An dieser Stelle setzt dieser konzeptionelle Aufsatz an: Er argumentiert, dass die Perspektive der Gouvernementalität und das Konzept dercontre-conduite sinnvolle Analysewerkzeuge für dieses komplexe Zusammenspiel aus Verantwortungsdiskursen und Subjektivierungsprozessen bieten und dass auch widerständige Praktiken Machteffekten und Formen der Selbst- und Fremdführung unterliegen.
Incidence, prevalence and seasonal onset variation of Addison’s disease among persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus: nationwide, matched cohort studies
Authors: Chantzichristos Dimitrios , Persson Anders , Eliasson Björn , Miftaraj Mervete , Franzén Stefan , Svensson Ann-Marie , Johannsson Gudmundur
Published: October 2017

Objectives

We determined the incidence and prevalence of Addison’s disease (AD) among persons with or without type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in nationwide, matched cohort studies.

Methods

Persons with T1DM were identified from the Swedish National Diabetes Register and each was matched for age, sex, year and county to five controls randomly selected from the general population. Persons with AD were identified from the Swedish National Inpatient Register. Baseline demographics and seasonal onset variation of AD were presented by descriptive statistics. Prevalence and incidence were estimated by proportions and incidence rates, respectively. Times to AD were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

Between 1998 and 2013, 66 persons with T1DM were diagnosed with AD at a mean age (s.d.) of 36.4 (13.0) years among 36 514 persons with T1DM, while 32 were diagnosed with AD at a mean age of 42.7 (15.2) years among 182 570 controls. The difference in mean age at diagnosis of AD between the groups was 6.3 years (P value = 0.036). The incidence of AD for a person with or without T1DM was therefore 193 and 18 per million person-years, respectively. The adjusted relative risk increase of developing AD in T1DM was 10.8 (95% CI: 7.1–16.5). The highest incidence of AD was observed during February–March and September–October. The prevalence of AD in persons with or without T1DM in December 2012 was 3410 and 208 per million, respectively. The odds ratio for AD in persons with T1DM vs controls was 16.5 (95% CI: 11.1–24.5).

Conclusion

The risk to develop AD among persons with T1DM is more than 10 times higher than in persons without T1DM. Persons with T1DM develop AD at a younger age. The incidence of AD may have a seasonal pattern.
Chromogranin A as circulating marker for diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine neoplasms: more flaws than fame
Authors: Marotta Vincenzo , Zatelli Maria Chiara , Sciammarella Concetta , Ambrosio Maria Rosaria , Bondanelli Marta , Colao Annamaria , Faggiano Antongiulio
Published: October 2017

Owing to the heterogeneity of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), the availability of reliable circulating markers is critical for improving diagnostics, prognostic stratification, follow-up and definition of treatment strategy. This review is focused on chromogranin A (CgA), a hydrophilic glycoprotein present in large dense core vesicles of neuroendocrine cells. Despite being long identified as the most useful NEN-related circulating marker, clinical application of CgA is controversial. CgA assays still lack standardization, thus hampering not only clinical management but also the comparison between different analyses. In the diagnostic setting, clinical utility of CgA is limited as hampered by (a) the variety of oncological and non-oncological conditions affecting marker levels, which impairs specificity; (b) the fact that 30–50% of NENs show normal CgA, which impairs sensitivity. Regarding the prognostic phase, there is prospective evidence which demonstrates that advanced NENs secreting CgA have poorer outcome, as compared with those showing non-elevated marker levels. Although the identification of cut-offs allowing a proper risk stratification of CgA-secreting patients has not been performed, this represents the most important clinical application of the marker. By contrast, based on prospective studies, the trend of elevated circulating CgA does not represent a valid indicator of morphological evolution and has therefore no utility for the follow-up phase. Ultimately, current knowledge about the role of the marker for the definition of treatment strategy is poor and is limited by the small number of available studies, their prevalent retrospective nature and the absence of control groups of untreated subjects.
Repression of Middle Sporulation Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the Sum1-Rfm1-Hst1 Complex Is Maintained by Set1 and H3K4 Methylation
Authors: Jaiswal Deepika , Jezek Meagan , Quijote Jeremiah , Lum Joanna , Choi Grace , Kulkarni Rushmie , Park DoHwan , Green Erin M
Published: October 2017

The conserved yeast histone methyltransferase Set1 targets H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) for mono, di, and trimethylation and is linked to active transcription due to the euchromatic distribution of these methyl marks and the recruitment of Set1 during transcription. However, loss of Set1 results in increased expression of multiple classes of genes, including genes adjacent to telomeres and middle sporulation genes, which are repressed under normal growth conditions because they function in meiotic progression and spore formation. The mechanisms underlying Set1-mediated gene repression are varied, and still unclear in some cases, although repression has been linked to both direct and indirect action of Set1, associated with noncoding transcription, and is often dependent on the H3K4me2 mark. We show that Set1, and particularly the H3K4me2 mark, are implicated in repression of a subset of middle sporulation genes during vegetative growth. In the absence of Set1, there is loss of the DNA-binding transcriptional regulator Sum1 and the associated histone deacetylase Hst1 from chromatin in a locus-specific manner. This is linked to increased H4K5ac at these loci and aberrant middle gene expression. These data indicate that, in addition to DNA sequence, histone modification status also contributes to proper localization of Sum1. Our results also show that the role for Set1 in middle gene expression control diverges as cells receive signals to undergo meiosis. Overall, this work dissects an unexplored role for Set1 in gene-specific repression, and provides important insights into a new mechanism associated with the control of gene expression linked to meiotic differentiation.
Systemrettend oder -destabilisierend? – Das Close-out Netting in der Diskussion
Authors: Kerkemeyer Andreas
Published: October 2017

Die wichtigste gesetzliche Privilegierung von Derivaten ist die insolvenz- und bankaufsichtsrechtliche Anerkennung des zwischen den Vertragsparteien regelmäßig rahmenvertraglich vereinbarten Close-out Nettings. Dieses ermöglicht es den Parteien von Derivateverträgen im Fall einer (drohenden) Insolvenz des Vertragspartners, alle miteinander geschlossenen Derivatekontrakte zu kündigen, die hieraus resultierenden Forderungen zu verrechnen und von der Gegenpartei sofort den ermittelten Saldo zu fordern. Die rechtliche Anerkennung des Close-out Nettings führt zu einer deutlichen Privilegierung der Gläubiger von Forderungen aus Derivateverträgen gegenüber allen anderen Insolvenzgläubigern. Nachdem der BGH bestimmte Close-out Netting-Klauseln in einer Entscheidung aus dem Jahr 2016 für unwirksam erklärt hat, wurden erst die BaFin und danach der Gesetzgeber tätig, um weiterhin bei allen Finanztermingeschäften das Close-out Netting zu ermöglichen. Diese Entwicklungen nimmt der Beitrag zum Anlass, um das Close-out Netting, das als ein Instrument zur Minderung des systemischen Risikos angesehen wird, zu analysieren und einzuordnen.
Kreditfonds
Authors: Egbers Bernd , Loff Detmar
Published: October 2017

Seit der Finanzkrise unterliegen konventionelle Kreditgeber einer kapitalintensiveren Bankenregulierung, so dass Kreditfonds als alternative Finanzierungsmöglichkeit für Kreditnehmer und als zusätzliche Anlageform für Investoren Beachtung verdient haben. Zum einen bieten Kreditfonds höhere Flexibilität bei der Gestaltung der Kreditkonditionen und der Transaktionsabwicklung, zum anderen wird es den Investoren ermöglicht, sich an einem durch eine Kapitalverwaltungsgesellschaft professionell verwalteten Portfolio zu beteiligen und typischerweise von einer Risikodiversifizierung zu profitieren.
International Variation in Asthma and Bronchiolitis Guidelines
Authors: Bakel Leigh Anne , Hamid Jemila , Ewusie Joycelyne , Liu Kai , Mussa Joseph , Straus Sharon , Parkin Patricia , Cohen Eyal
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Guideline recommendations for the same clinical condition may vary. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of agreement among comparable asthma and bronchiolitis treatment recommendations from guidelines.

METHODS:

National and international guidelines were searched by using guideline databases (eg, National Guidelines Clearinghouse: December 16–17, 2014, and January 9, 2015). Guideline recommendations were categorized as (1) recommend, (2) optionally recommend, (3) abstain from recommending, (4) recommend against a treatment, and (5) not addressed by the guideline. The degree of agreement between recommendations was evaluated by using an unweighted and weighted κ score. Pairwise comparisons of the guidelines were evaluated similarly.

RESULTS:

There were 7 guidelines for asthma and 4 guidelines for bronchiolitis. For asthma, there were 166 recommendation topics, with 69 recommendation topics given in ≥2 guidelines. For bronchiolitis, there were 46 recommendation topics, with 21 recommendation topics provided in ≥2 guidelines. The overall κ for asthma was 0.03, both unweighted (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.01 to 0.07) and weighted (95% CI: −0.01 to 0.10); for bronchiolitis, it was 0.32 unweighted (95% CI: 0.16 to 0.52) and 0.15 weighted (95% CI: −0.01 to 0.5).

CONCLUSIONS:

Less agreement was found in national and international guidelines for asthma than for bronchiolitis. Additional studies are needed to determine if differences are based on patient preferences and values and economic considerations or if other recommendation-level, guideline-level, and condition-level factors are driving these differences.
A participação guarani missioneira na vida colonial rio-platense
Authors: Neumann Eduardo
Published: October 2017

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Nos caminhos da história com Dante de Laytano
Authors: Flores Moacyr
Published: October 2017

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Sítio RS - LN - 01 Capão da Areia, Osório, RS
Authors: Leite Sérgio
Published: October 2017

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Para além do bem e do mal: um novo mundo nos trópicos
Authors: Freitas Prez Léa
Published: October 2017

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Operários e participação no início da república: O caso de Pelotas e Rio Grande
Authors: Loner Beatriz Ana
Published: October 2017

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Porto-Alegre colonial: uma ocupação luso-platina
Authors: Neumann Eduardo
Published: October 2017

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A cidade está na moda, há pouco tempo: reflexões gerais
Authors: Bakos Margaret Marchiori
Published: October 2017

Este artigo analisa três aspectos não suficientemente estudados por historiadores que trabalham com cidades. Em primeiro lugar, que a cidade foi criada em um período final da história da espécie humana, comparando ao seu longo período de vida nômade. Em segundo lugar, que, apesar do fato de que vivemos em cidades para tão pouco tempo, elas estão ficando velhas muito rapidamente. E por último, que o historiador deve estar no comando das análises dessas transformações nas cidades deste país.
CAMILLE: Travailler en France Module 2: l'acte de vente
Authors: Murphy-Judy Kathryn A.
Published: October 2017

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Theory-Driven Use of Digital Video in Foreign Language Instruction
Authors: Kitajima Ryu , Lyman-Hager Mary Ann
Published: October 2017

This article describes several theoretical bases for using context-dependent authentic video in foreign language instruction. The advantages of using digital video clips organized by communicative functions and linguistic features would enable learners to view raw linguistic data within the context-rich script of the video material. Software templates designed to manipulate discrete portions of digital video offer considerable promise as the most efficient way to display these video clips to learners.
Is Computer-Based Grammar Instruction as Effective as Teacher- Directed Grammar Instruction for Teaching L2 Structures?
Authors: Nutta Joyce
Published: October 2017

The study described here compared postsecondary English as a Second Language (ESL) students' acquisition of selected English structures based on the method of instruction -- computer-based instruction versus teacherdirected instruction.1 The results showed that for all levels of English proficiency, the computer-based students scored significantly higher on openended tests covering the structures in question than the teacher-directed students. No significant differences were found between the computerbased and teacher-directed students' scores on multiple choice or fill-inthe- blank tests. The results indicate that computer-based instruction can be an effective method of teaching L2 grammar.
A Rede dos Gestores Locais em São Paulo
Authors: Marques Eduardo Cesar Leão
Published: October 2017

RESUMO Este artigo investiga um tema quase completamente inexplorado da formação de governo e da construção de burocracias e capacidades em âmbito local no Brasil: a existência de uma rede de decisores e burocratas de alto nível que se deslocam entre posições de comando de diferentes agências no governo de uma grande cidade. Redes desse tipo costuram agências, áreas de política pública e administrações e são responsáveis por uma parte substancial das práticas e processos informais que constroem governança por detrás dos procedimentos administrativos formais. Partindo de um banco de dados inédito, o artigo analisa a rede construída pela migração de decisores entre departamentos e agências da prefeitura de São Paulo entre 1985 e 2012, envolvendo dezenas de secretarias e aproximadamente cinco mil indivíduos em mais de uma centena de diferentes posições administrativas. Os resultados indicam a existência de um denso e complexo tecido relacional que conecta o interior de cada governo, costura áreas temáticas internamente entre agências e governos e liga governos com afinidades políticas. Os dados indicam que a estrutura da rede é um resultado ao mesmo tempo de processos de especialização temática e de clivagens políticas, criando importantes elementos de coordenação entre agências e governos.
Científicos Sociales Latinoamericanos en Estados Unidos: Cooperación Académica, Movilidad Internacional y Trayectorias Interamericanas alrededor de la Fundación Ford
Authors: Jesús Morales Juan
Published: October 2017

RESUMEN El objetivo principal de este artículo es examinar las redes de cooperación académica y los canales de movilidad internacional establecidos por la Fundación Ford en América Latina, los cuales actuaron como plataformas de promoción de científicos sociales de la región en Estados Unidos. El interés está puesto en comprender las interacciones y los vínculos entre varios autores latinoamericanos con algunos “diplomáticos” de esta institución filantrópica para desarrollar en ese país actividades institucionales e intelectuales. De forma específica, se estudiarán los orígenes del Programa Latinoamericano del Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, establecido en Washington en 1977 por las gestiones y mediaciones personales de Abraham F. Lowenthal. Además, y siguiendo un enfoque histórico, se hará un seguimiento temporal y espacial a la trayectoria de este autor y a sus nexos intelectuales y personales mantenidos con Fernando H. Cardoso, Albert O. Hirschman, Guillermo O’Donnell y Kalman Silvert.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in central nervous system cryptococcosis: comparison between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients
Authors: Duarte Stenio Bruno Leal , Oshima Mariana Mari , Mesquita João Vitor do Amaral , Nascimento Felipe Barjud Pereira do , Azevedo Paula Christina de , Reis Fabiano
Published: October 2017

Abstract Objective: To assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns associated with central nervous system infection with Cryptococcus sp. in relation to patient immune status. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of MRI data for 19 patients with neurocryptococcosis who underwent the examination between January 2000 and March 2014. The MRI characteristics examined included lesion topography, aspects of diffusion, T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, and contrast enhancement patterns. Results: In all cases, cryptococcal infection was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Of the 19 patients, 10 were immunocompromised and 9 were immunocompetent. Abnormal imaging patterns occurred alone or in conjunction with other manifestations. The imaging patterns found in immunocompromised patients included the following: leptomeningeal enhancement, in 6; pachymeningeal enhancement, in 3 (due to intracranial hypotension in 2); perivascular space involvement, in 4; granulomas, in 2; hydrocephalus, in 2; miliary nodules, in 1; and plexitis, in 1. In immunocompetent patients, the following imaging patterns were observed: leptomeningeal enhancement, in 5; perivascular space involvement, in 3; granulomas, in 3; cryptococcoma, in 1; ventriculitis, in 1; and hydrocephalus, in 1. In 2 immunocompetent patients, diffusion-weighted imaging showed diffusion restriction in cerebral cryptococcal granuloma. Conclusion: In both groups, the most common imaging finding was leptomeningeal enhancement, followed by dilatation of perivascular spaces with the presence of mucoid material. Rare presentations, such as miliary nodules, plexitis, ventriculitis, and pachymeningeal enhancement, were also observed. None of the imaging patterns common to immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients differed significantly in frequency between them.
Seroprevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en la población rural del estado Sucre, Venezuela
Authors: García-Jordán Noris , Berrizbeitia Mariolga , Rodríguez Jessicca , Concepción Juan Luis , Cáceres Ana , Quiñones Wilfredo
Published: October 2017

Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en el estado Sucre (Venezuela) y su asociación con factores de riesgo epidemiológicos. El diseño muestral por conglomerados permitió seleccionar 96 centros poblados y 576 viviendas en los 15 municipios del estado. Asimismo, se evaluaron un total de 2.212 muestras de sueros, a través de las pruebas de ELISA, HAI e IFI. La seroprevalencia en el estado Sucre fue de 3,12%. Los factores de riesgo asociados a la infección por T. cruzi fueron: deposición de basura, materiales predominantes en el piso y paredes, tipo de vivienda, vivir en casas con paredes de bahareque y/o techos de palmas, vivir en casa con paredes y techos de riesgo, construcciones de riesgo y anexos de bahareque, aves dentro de la vivienda y la presencia de leña. La infección se encontró asociada a la edad de los individuos, se detectaron tres casos seropositivos en menores de 15 años. En el estado Sucre existen variables epidemiológicas que favorecen el riesgo a contraer la infección por T. cruzi.
Teste de HIV solicitado e espontâneo: um estudo de base populacional com mulheres de uma cidade do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Mesenburg Marilia Arndt , Wehrmeister Fernando César , Silveira Mariângela Freitas da
Published: October 2017

Estudo transversal de base populacional foi realizado com o objetivo de descrever a prevalência, motivos e fatores associados para realização de teste para HIV entre mulheres de Pelotas, Sul do Brasil. Foram entrevistadas 1.222 mulheres. Foram estimados prevalência de teste (sim/não), teste solicitado e teste voluntário. A prevalência de teste foi de 66,1% (IC95%: 63,4-68,8), teste solicitado 52,4% (IC95%: 49,6-55,2) e teste espontâneo 13,6% (IC95%: 11,6-15,5). O principal motivo para realização de teste foi rastreamento pré-natal (52%). Idade, idade da primeira relação e possuir filhos se mostraram associadas à realização de teste espontâneo e solicitado. Escores de comportamentos sexuais de risco, situação conjugal e uso de preservativo se mostraram associados apenas a teste solicitado e prática de sexo anal apenas a teste espontâneo. Os resultados indicam que testagem para HIV parece estar fortemente relacionada com a assistência pré-natal e que a percepção de risco por parte dos profissionais de saúde parece ser mais adequada do que a percepção da própria mulher.