bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-scale gene gains and losses molded the NLR defense arsenal during the Cucurbita evolution
Authors: Andolfo Giuseppe , Sánchez Cristina S. , Cañizares Joaquìn , Pico Maria B. , Ercolano Maria R.
Published: September 2021

Main conclusion

Genome-wide annotation reveals that the gene birth–death process of the Cucurbita R family is associated with a species-specific diversification of TNL and CNL protein classes.

The Cucurbitaceae family includes nearly 1000 plant species known universally as cucurbits. Cucurbita genus includes many economically important worldwide crops vulnerable to more than 200 pathogens. Therefore, the identification of pathogen-recognition genes is of utmost importance for this genus. The major class of plant-resistance (R) genes encodes nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, and is divided into three sub-classes namely, TIR-NB-LRR (TNL), CC-NB-LRR (CNL) and RPW8-NB-LRR (RNL). Although the characterization of the NLR gene family has been carried out in important Cucurbita species, this information is still linked to the availability of sequenced genomes. In this study, we analyzed 40 de novo transcriptomes and 5 genome assemblies, which were explored to investigate the Cucurbita expressed-NLR (eNLR) and NLR repertoires using an ad hoc gene annotation approach. Over 1850 NLR-encoding genes were identified, finely characterized and compared to 96 well-characterized plant R-genes. The maximum likelihood analyses revealed an unusual diversification of CNL/TNL genes and a strong RNL conservation. Indeed, several gene gain and loss events have shaped the Cucurbita NLR family. Finally, to provide a first validation step Cucurbita, eNLRs were explored by real-time PCR analysis. The NLR repertories of the 12 Cucurbita species presented in this paper will be useful to discover novel R-genes.
CN-waterfall: a deep convolutional neural network for multimodal physiological affect detection
Authors: Fouladgar Nazanin , Alirezaie Marjan , Främling Kary
Published: September 2021

Affective computing solutions, in the literature, mainly rely on machine learning methods designed to accurately detect human affective states. Nevertheless, many of the proposed methods are based on handcrafted features, requiring sufficient expert knowledge in the realm of signal processing. With the advent of deep learning methods, attention has turned toward reduced feature engineering and more end-to-end machine learning. However, most of the proposed models rely on late fusion in a multimodal context. Meanwhile, addressing interrelations between modalities for intermediate-level data representation has been largely neglected. In this paper, we propose a novel deep convolutional neural network, called CN-Waterfall, consisting of two modules: Base and General. While the Base module focuses on the low-level representation of data from each single modality, the General module provides further information, indicating relations between modalities in the intermediate- and high-level data representations. The latter module has been designed based on theoretically grounded concepts in the Explainable AI (XAI) domain, consisting of four different fusions. These fusions are mainly tailored to correlation- and non-correlation-based modalities. To validate our model, we conduct an exhaustive experiment on WESAD and MAHNOB-HCI, two publicly and academically available datasets in the context of multimodal affective computing. We demonstrate that our proposed model significantly improves the performance of physiological-based multimodal affect detection.
The pathophysiology of glucose intolerance in newly diagnosed, untreated T2DM
Authors: Dunseath Gareth J. , Luzio Stephen D. , Peter Rajesh , Owens David R.
Published: September 2021

Aims

The two predominant pathophysiological defects resulting in glucose intolerance are beta-cell dysfunction and insulin insensitivity. This study aimed to re-examine beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity across a continuum from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to early type 2 diabetes (T2DM) employing highly specific insulin, C-peptide and intact proinsulin assays.

Materials and methods

A total of 104 persons with NGT, 85 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 554 with newly diagnosed T2DM were investigated. Following an overnight fast, all underwent a 4-h standardised mixed meal tolerance test (MTT), and on a second day, a sub-group underwent a frequently sampled insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) over a 3-h period. The participants were stratified according to fasting glucose and BMI for analysis.

Results

The MTT revealed that increasing FPG was accompanied by progressively elevated and delayed postprandial glucose peaks. In parallel, following an initial compensatory increase in fasting and postprandial insulin responses there followed a progressive demise in overall beta-cell secretory capacity. FSIVGTT demonstrated a major reduction in the early insulin response to IV glucose in persons with IGT accompanied by a dramatic fall in insulin sensitivity. Beyond pre-diabetes, ever-increasing fasting and postprandial hyperglycaemia resulted predominantly from a progressively decreasing beta-cell secretory function.

Conclusion

This study utilising improved assay technology re-affirms that beta-cell dysfunction is evident throughout the spectrum of glucose intolerance, whereas the predominant fall in insulin sensitivity occurs early in its evolution.
The influence of atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of dry and wet periods in Central Poland in 1954–2018
Authors: Araźny Andrzej , Bartczak Arkadiusz , Maszewski Rafał , Krzemiński Michał
Published: September 2021

This work presents the influence of atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of dry and wet periods in the central Polish region of Kujawy. The material on which the authors relied encompassed monthly totals of precipitation obtained from 10 weather stations in the period 1954–2018. Both dry and wet periods have been identified on the basis of monthly values of the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI). Additionally, the calendar of circulation types over Central Poland was used to determine the atmospheric circulation indices: western (W), southern (S) and cyclonicity (C). The analyses have indicated that the region concerned experiences low precipitation totals in comparison with the rest of Poland. According to the circulation indices W, S and C, for Central Poland, the air mass advection from the West prevails over that from the East. Moreover, a slightly more frequent inflow of air from the South than from the North has been observed. The frequency of anticyclonic situations is higher than that of the cyclonic types in this part of Europe. Drought spells occurred in the study area at a clear dominance of anticyclonic circulation, with the inflow of air mostly from the North and with increased westerly circulation. On the other hand, the occurrence of wet periods was mainly influenced by cyclonic circulation during the advection of the masses from the South and West. Dry and wet periods accounted for 28% and 27% of the study period, respectively.
Exercise Addiction in the Sports Context: What Is Known and What Is Yet to Be Known
Authors: Godoy-Izquierdo Débora , Navarrón Estefanía , López-Mora Clara , González-Hernández Juan
Published: September 2021

Exercise addiction (EA) involves excessive concerns for exercise routines, an abusive practice, and the inability to control one’s own behavior, as well as the presence of psychological processes that are typical of behavioral addictions such as abstinence. EA is further associated with an alteration of the individual’s personal, social, and professional functioning and a higher risk for several pathologies, including physical injury, psychological distress, and eating disorders. The present work presents a narrative scoping review of the state of the art and the main findings of the research on EA, with a focus in the athletic population. The prevalence of EA risk, between 1 and 52% and up to 80% when co-occurring with eating disturbances, is also reviewed. Additionally, some of the explanatory models proposed to date and their power and limitations in terms of their capacity for a consensual operationalization and characterization of EA, and thus for the optimal exploration and management of this condition, are discussed. Finally, some deficiencies in the research on EA are noted which are to be addressed to successfully respond to the intervention and prevention needs that occur both in the general context of exercise-sports practice and the specific context of competitive athletes.
Investigation of edge formation during the coating process of Li-ion battery electrodes
Authors: Spiegel Sandro , Heckmann Thilo , Altvater Andreas , Diehm Ralf , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm
Published: September 2021

In this manuscript, a method to reduce superelevations of lateral edges in cross-web direction during slot die coating of shear-thinning slurries for Li-ion battery electrodes (LIB) was developed. Therefore, the impact of the inner slot die geometry on the edge elevations was investigated. These elevations of the coating could be almost eliminated by optimizing the flow profile at the outlet of the slot die by modification of the internal geometry. This adaption is an essential step in optimizing the coating quality of slot die coating for battery electrodes to significantly reduce coating edges and, hence, the resulting production reject during the coating step of the industrial roll-to-roll process. It was also shown that lateral edges of the coating can be influenced explicitly by process parameters such as volume flow and gap between slot die and substrate. This correlation has already been shown for other shear-thinning material systems in previous works, which is now confirmed for this material system. At the beginning, the influence of different internal geometries on the formation of the edge elevations was shown. Finally, for the shear-thinning electrode slurry used in this work, optimal dimensions of the previously determined inner geometry for the slot die outlet were found. The optimization was performed for a state-of-the-art electrode area capacity (approximately 2.2 mAh cm−2). The results enable a significant reduction of defects and reject in the coating step of large-scale production of LIB electrodes in the future, adding to a more sustainable battery production.
Virtual Biopsy by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy in Barrett’s Carcinoma
Authors: Blößer Sandra , May Andrea , Welsch Lukas , Ast Michael , Braun Susanne , Velten Thomas , Biehl Margit , Tschammer Jonas , Roeb Elke , Knabe Mate
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Early detection of adenocarcinomas in the esophagus is crucial for achieving curative endoscopic therapy. Targeted biopsies of suspicious lesions, as well as four-quadrant biopsies, represent the current diagnostic standard. However, this procedure is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and examiner-dependent. The aim of this study was to test whether impedance spectroscopy is capable of distinguishing between healthy, premalignant, and malignant lesions. An ex vivo measurement method was developed to examine esophageal lesions using impedance spectroscopy immediately after endoscopic resection.

Methods

After endoscopic resection of suspicious lesions in the esophagus, impedance measurements were performed on resected cork-covered tissue using a measuring head that was developed, with eight gold electrodes, over 10 different measurement settings and with frequencies from 100 Hz to 1 MHz.

Results

A total of 105 measurements were performed in 60 patients. A dataset of 400 per investigation and a total of more than 42,000 impedance measurements were therefore collected. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was able to detect dysplastic esophageal mucosa with a sensitivity of 81% in Barrett’s esophagus.

Conclusion

In summary, EIS was able to distinguish different tissue characteristics in the different esophageal tissues. EIS thus holds potential for further development of targeted biopsies during surveillance endoscopy.

Trial Registration

NCT04046601
Selenite-induced ROS/AMPK/FoxO3a/GABARAPL-1 signaling pathway modulates autophagy that antagonize apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Yu Hailing , Huang Yin , Ge Yanming , Hong Xiaopeng , Lin Xi , Tang Kexin , Wang Qiang , Yang Yang , Sun Weiming , Huang Yongquan , Luo Hui
Published: September 2021

Previous studies have shown that selenium possessed chemotherapeutic effect against multiple malignant cancers, inducing diverse stress responses including apoptosis and autophagy. Selenite was previously shown to induce apoptosis and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells. However, the relationship between selenite-induced apoptosis and autophagy was not fully understood. Our results revealed a pro-survival role of selenite-induced autophagy against apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Real-time PCR array of autophagy-related genes showed that GABARAPL-1 was significantly upregulated in colorectal cancer cells, which was confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence results. Knockdown of GABARAPL-1 significantly inhibited selenite-induced autophagy and enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that selenite-induced upregulation of GABARAPL-1 was caused by upregulated p-AMPK and FoxO3a level. Their interaction was correlated with involved in regulation of GABARAPL-1. We observed that activation and inhibition of AMPK influenced both autophagy and apoptosis level via FoxO3a/ GABARAPL-1 signaling, implying the pro-survival role of autophagy against apoptosis. Importantly, we corroborated these findings in a colorectal cancer xenograft animal model with immunohistochemistry and western blot results. Collectively, these results show that sodium selenite could induce ROS/AMPK/FoxO3a/GABARAPL-1-mediated autophagy and downregulate apoptosis in both colorectal cancer cells and colon xenograft model. These findings help to explore sodium selenite as a potential anti-cancer drug in clinical practices.
Wissen über berufsbedingte inhalative Noxen bei Beschäftigten im Gesundheitsdienst und der Wohlfahrtspflege
Authors: Koch Peter , Halsen Gabriele , Damerau Lukas , Nienhaus Albert , Harth Volker , Augustin Matthias , Terschüren Claudia
Published: September 2021

Hintergrund

Das Einatmen von beruflich bedingten Noxen (Dämpfe, Gase, Stäube, Rauche) kann zu unterschiedlichsten Gesundheitsproblemen führen. Beschäftigte aus dem Gesundheitsdienst und der Wohlfahrtspflege sind bei ihrer Tätigkeit z. B. Inhalationsanästhetika, Desinfektionsmitteln und -reinigern und chirurgischen Rauchgasen ausgesetzt.

Fragestellung

In dieser Untersuchung soll ermittelt werden, inwieweit sich Beschäftigte im Gesundheitsdienst und der Wohlfahrtspflege ihrer berufsbedingten Exposition gegenüber inhalativen Noxen bewusst sind.

Material und Methoden

Aus der 10.000er Baseline-Stichprobe der HCHS (Hamburg City Health Study) wurden alle Probanden selektiert, die beruflich im Gesundheitsdienst und der Wohlfahrtspflege tätig waren. Die subjektiven Fragebogenangaben zu einer arbeitsplatzbezogenen Exposition von Dämpfen, Gasen, Stäuben und Rauchen wurden mit Daten einer Job-Exposure-Matrix (JEM) abgeglichen.

Ergebnisse

Die Stichprobe (N = 1176) bestand zu 78 % aus Frauen, das Durchschnittsalter lag bei 61 Jahren. Probanden, die in der Arzt- und Praxishilfe (60,5 %) beschäftigt waren, machten die größte Berufsgruppe aus. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen subjektiven Expositionsangaben und JEM war gering (Cohens Kappa: 0,18). Die Sensitivität der subjektiven Angaben zu inhalativen Noxen im Vergleich zur JEM lag bei 49,5 %, die Spezifität bei 81,7 %. Ein Underreporting zu inhalativen Noxen war ausschließlich bei Beschäftigten in der Reinigung und der Körperpflege zu beobachten.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass rund 50 % der exponierten Beschäftigten dieser Stichprobe sich ihrer Exposition nicht bewusst sind. Dies betrifft speziell Beschäftigte in der Reinigung und der Körperpflege. Das Underreporting von inhalativen Noxen am Arbeitsplatz gibt einen Hinweis für einen erhöhten Präventionsbedarf in dieser Branche. Demgegenüber stehen die existierenden Regeln und Vorschriften des Arbeitsschutzsystems. Abzuklären bleibt, inwieweit Wissensvermittlung sowie Präventionsregeln hinsichtlich inhalativer Noxen am Arbeitsplatz in Betrieben tatsächlich umgesetzt werden.
More than just a beer—the potential applications of by-products from beer manufacturing in polymer technology
Authors: Hejna Aleksander
Published: September 2021

Beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage in the world, and its popularity is continuously growing. Currently, global beer production is estimated at around 2 billion hectoliters. Nevertheless, the increasing production capacity implicates the rising issue of generated by-products—brewers’ spent grain, spent hops, spent yeast, and wastewater. They are generated in massive amounts, so having in mind the current pro-ecological trends, it is crucial to look for their utilization methods. Among the possibilities, particular attention should be drawn to polymer technology. This sector can efficiently use different lignocellulosic materials, which could be applied as fillers for polymer composites or sources of particular chemical compounds. Moreover, due to their chemical composition, brewing industry by-products may be used as functional fillers and additives. They could be introduced to enhance the materials’ resistance to oxidation, microbes, or fungi. These issues should be considered especially important in the case of biodegradable polymers, whose popularity is growing over the last years. This paper summarizes the literature reports related to the composition and potential applications of the brewing industry by-products in polymer technology. Moreover, potential directions of research based on the possibilities offered by the brewing industry by-products are presented.
Occurrence of urogenital mycoplasmas in men with the common genitourinary diseases
Authors: Smolec Dominika , Ekiel Alicja , Kłuciński Piotr , Kawecki Jan
Published: September 2021

Many serious and fatal infections with urogenital mycoplasmas in immunocompromised patients have been reported. M. genitalium is recognized as a cause of male urethritis and other common genitourinary diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate prevalence of urogenital mycoplasmas which can cause complications in men with common genitourinary diseases. Study included 85 men with genitourinary tract carcinoma (n = 35), urolithiasis (n = 36), and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) (n = 14). The control group consisted of 50 healthy men. FVU (first void urine) samples were examined by PCR for the presence of urogenital mycoplasmas DNA. Occurrence of urogenital mycoplasmas was significantly more common in study group compared with control 24/85 (28.2%) and 7/50 (14%), respectively (p = 0.05). In men with urolithiasis, positive results for mycoplasmas DNA were significantly more frequent than in control: 33.3% vs. 14% (p < 0.05). In patients with urolithiasis DNA of U. urealyticum was most often found, while in the genitourinary carcinoma and BPH groups, U. parvum was more frequent. Incidence of M. fermentans was also significantly higher in the urolithiasis group vs. control (p = 0.03). A higher percentage of positive results for urogenital mycoplasma DNA in study group has been found. Further studies are required to confirm the role of urogenital mycoplasmas in the development of infectious complications among patients with urolithiasis, genitourinary carcinoma, and BPH.
Guest Editors’ Introduction: Overlooked Thinkers: Stretching the Boundaries of Business Ethics Scholarship
Authors: Wicks Andrew , Thompson Lindsay , Werhane Patricia , Bowie Norman
Published: September 2021

This special issue is devoted to highlighting thinkers who have been overlooked within business ethics and who have important contributions to make to our field. We make the case that, as scholars of a hybrid discipline that also aims to address important issues of business practice, we need to look continually for new sources of insight and wisdom that can both enrich our discourse and improve our ability to generate ideas that have a positive impact on business practice. In this introductory essay, we discuss our rationale for creating this special issue, summarize the articles contained within, and close with thoughts on its significance for the field going forward.
Breathe into Believing
Authors: Dill LeConté J.
Published: September 2021

This begins before 1896. This begins before Arkansas. But “this can't be right grandmother. who are our Ancestors! she said, shit gal, i don't know” (Bridgforth 2012). One of my ancestors walks toward me. She be Gertrude. Gertrude Grant. I have no pictures of her. I have no living memories of her. Yet I remember. Her. My Nana's mama, born around 1890 in the lumber town of Canfield in southern Arkansas.Canfield, Arkansas, 1896We're childrenBabies reallywhen the fires startA mob is always ready to takeour wagesRun us awayAlways ready to lynch usWhen a volley of shotsbe my lullabiesI won't live to see 36I learn about the Canfield Race War of 1896 through online searches, old newspaper clippings, doctoral dissertations. Great-Grandma Gertrude would have been around six when the rioting happened, when white laborers became jealous of Black laborers and tried to push them, beat them, burn them out of town. Free library access to census documents and land deeds tells me that Gertrude's daddy, James W. Grant, purchased eighty acres of land in Canfield on February 1, 1893, perhaps thanks to the Southern Homestead Act, which made millions of acres of land available to homesteaders, including migrating and free Negroes. James and his wife, Susie A. Lewis, raised their children on their land in Canfield. How did the riots affect them, their land, their kin, their safety, their daily lives? I ask all the questions. I was raised with the permission to ask all the questions. I ask all the questions before I'm trained in the academy to ask all the questions.
eHooke: A tool for automated image analysis of spherical bacteria based on cell cycle progression
Authors: Saraiva Bruno M. , Krippahl Ludwig , Filipe Sérgio R. , Henriques Ricardo , Pinho Mariana G.
Published: September 2021

Fluorescence microscopy is a critical tool for cell biology studies on bacterial cell division and morphogenesis. Because the analysis of fluorescence microscopy images evolved beyond initial qualitative studies, numerous images analysis tools were developed to extract quantitative parameters on cell morphology and organization. To understand cellular processes required for bacterial growth and division, it is particularly important to perform such analysis in the context of cell cycle progression. However, manual assignment of cell cycle stages is laborious and prone to user bias. Although cell elongation can be used as a proxy for cell cycle progression in rod-shaped or ovoid bacteria, that is not the case for cocci, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we describe eHooke, an image analysis framework developed specifically for automated analysis of microscopy images of spherical bacterial cells. eHooke contains a trained artificial neural network to automatically classify the cell cycle phase of individual S. aureus cells. Users can then apply various functions to obtain biologically relevant information on morphological features of individual cells and cellular localization of proteins, in the context of the cell cycle.
Sexualität beim älteren Paar
Authors: Bitzer Johannes
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung. Die Sexualität älterer Menschen und Paare hat viele Gemeinsamkeiten mit der Sexualität jüngerer Menschen im dem Sinne, dass körperliche, psychische, partnerschaftliche und soziale Faktoren die gelebte Sexualität gemeinsam bestimmen (Biopsychosoziales Modell) und dass das Leiden an der Sexualität aus der Diskrepanz zwischen Wunsch und Wirklichkeit resultiert. Die sexualmedizinische Betreuung soll sich an den individuell unterschiedlichen alters- und kankheitsbedingten Faktoren ausrichten. Dabei geht es häufig nicht darum, die vergangene Sexualität der jungen Jahre wieder herzustellen, sondern eine neue andere Sexualität zu finden.
Depressionen und Angstzustände im Klimakterium
Authors: Birkhäuser Martin
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung. Frauen besitzen in jedem Alter eine höhere Inzidenz für Depressionen als Männer. Die lebenslängliche Prävalenz von depressiven Störungen ist bei Frauen doppelt so hoch und erreicht 18 – 21 %. Die menopausale Übergangszeit ist ein «Fenster mit erhöhter Verletzlichkeit» und kann eine depressive Verstimmung auslösen. Deren Wahrscheinlichkeit ist in der menopausalen Übergangszeit 1,5 bis 4-mal höher als in der Prämenopause, vor allem bei Frauen mit vasomotorischen Symptomen und zusätzlichen Risikofaktoren für Stimmungsveränderungen und Depression. Dies wird bei klimakterischen Frauen immer noch unterschätzt. Von Hausärzten und Gynäkologen sollte aktiv danach gesucht werden. Östrogene modulieren wie SSRI / SNRI und Antidepressiva den Stoffwechsel von Serotonin und Noradrenalin und beeinflussen Stimmungslage, mentale Funktionen und Kognition. In der menopausalen Übergangszeit kann eine Östrogentherapie Stimmungslage, Angstzustände und depressive Symptome verbessern. Bei peri- und früh postmenopausalen Frauen mit vasomotorischen Symptomen können Östrogene als Therapie der ersten Wahl für depressive Störungen eingestuft werden. Dagegen verbessern Östrogene Depressionen in der späten Postmenopause nicht mehr. Bei depressiven älteren postmenopausalen Frauen ohne Wallungen bleiben SSRI / SNRI und Antidepressiva das Mittel der ersten Wahl. Jede pharmakologische Behandlung muss immer in ein globales therapeutisches Konzept eingebettet werden. Oft gehören dazu unter anderen Massnahmen eine Psychotherapie und soziale Korrekturen.
Menopausale Hormontherapie: Wie und wie lange für gesunde Frauen über 65?
Authors: Wiegratz Inka
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung. In Europa verbringen die Frauen mehr als ein Drittel ihrer Lebenszeit in der Postmenopause, die mit einem chronischen Estrogenmangel verbunden ist. In den Wechseljahren und danach treten bei bis zu 80 % der Frauen psychovegetative Symptome auf, die teilweise zwölf Jahre und länger andauern können. Die adäquate Therapie besteht in einer Menopausalen Hormontherapie (MHT) mit Sexualsteroiden, wobei aktuelle Daten zeigen, dass ein grosser Teil der Betroffenen keine geeignete Behandlung erfährt. Neben dem Leidensdruck und der Einschränkung der Lebensqualität ist die Postmenopause auch mit weiteren langfristigen Risiken wie kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Osteoporose, Demenz, Diabetes mellitus und anderen ungünstigen Veränderungen verbunden. Viele Studien weisen darauf hin, dass eine MHT, sofern sie in dem günstigen Zeitfenster bis maximal zehn Jahre nach der Menopause begonnen wird, viele dieser Erkrankungen verhindern beziehungsweise günstig beeinflussen kann und die Gesamtmortalität senkt. Deshalb vermuten einige Autoren einen primären präventiven Effekt der MHT. Allerdings ist noch nicht ausreichend geklärt, wie lange eine MHT durchgeführt werden sollte, um einen langfristigen Benefit auch für Frauen über 65 Jahre zu erzielen. Dementsprechend sollte die Therapiedauer immer individuell nach Abwägung des möglichen Nutzens und der potenziellen Risiken gemeinsam mit der Patientin festgelegt werden. Gerade bei älteren Frauen scheint die transdermale Estrogenbehandlung besonders vorteilhaft zu sein, da diese Methode mit geringeren vaskulären Risiken verbunden ist. Eine apodiktische Begrenzung der Dauer der MHT ist nicht sinnvoll.
Kurzreview: Internistische Erkrankungen und Menopausale Hormontherapie
Authors: Birkhäuser Martin
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung. Postmenopausale Frauen leiden zusätzlich zu klimakterischen Beschwerden oft an internistischen Krankheiten. In diesen Fällen ist es wichtig zu wissen, wann, in welcher Form und in welcher Dosis eine menopausale Hormontherapie (MHT) verordnet werden darf und in welchen Situationen sie kontraindiziert ist. Zur Verminderung des Risikos einer MHT bei internistischen Grundkrankheiten gelten folgende Grundregeln: Sofern keine Kontraindikationen bestehen, soll die MHT innerhalb des «günstigen Fensters» begonnen werden (in einem Alter < 60 Jahren bzw. innerhalb von 10 Jahren ab Menopause). Zu bevorzugen ist eine kontinuierliche transdermale MHT. Ein First-Pass-Effekt ist bei den meisten internistischen Krankheiten unerwünscht. Zudem sollten zyklische Schwankungen der Serumspiegel vermieden und die niedrigste wirksame Dosis verwendet werden: praktisch alle bekannten Nebenwirkungen der MHT sind dosisabhängig. Metabolisch neutrale Gestagene, wie Progesteron, Dydrogesteron und Dienogest, oder transdermales Norethisteron-Azetat (NETA) sind zu bevorzugen, Medroxyprogesteron-Azetat ist hingegen zu vermeiden. Bei Unklarheiten muss das weitere Vorgehen mit dem zuständigen Internisten abgesprochen werden. Angiopathien, z. B. bei Hypertonie, systemischem Lupus erythematodes oder Diabetes mellitus, sind eine absolute Kontraindikation gegen eine MHT. Liegen keine Angiopathien vor, so ist bei diesen Erkrankungen oft eine transdermale MHT nach genauer Nutzen-Risiko-Evaluation und Rücksprache mit dem behandelnden Arzt vertretbar.
Was macht bei der Arbeit glücklich?
Authors: Rehwaldt Ricarda , Kortsch Timo
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung. Glück bei der Arbeit spielt neben Arbeitszufriedenheit in der Forschung eine immer größere Rolle. Glück wurde sowohl theoretisch als auch metanalytisch mit positiven Folgen in Verbindung gebracht. Allerdings fehlt bislang ein validiertes Instrument in deutscher Sprache, um Bedingungen von Glück bei der Arbeit zu erfassen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist deshalb, ein Messinstrument zur Erfassung von Bedingungen von Glück bei der Arbeit zu entwickeln und zu validieren. Basierend auf einem Modell von Rehwaldt (2017) entstand in vier aufeinander aufbauenden qualitativen und quantitativen Studien eine vierdimensionale Skala zur Erfassung von Bedingungen von Glück bei der Arbeit (HappinessandWork-Scale). In explorativen und konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen konnten vier Faktoren ( Sinnempfinden, Selbstverwirklichung, Gemeinschaft professionell und Gemeinschaft vertraut) aufgedeckt werden, die erwartungsgemäß positiv korreliert waren. Die divergente Validität der vier Faktoren zeigte sich durch unterschiedliche Zusammenhänge mit mehreren relevanten Kriterien (z. B. Commitment, innovatives Verhalten). Implikationen der Ergebnisse für Theorie und Praxis werden abschließend diskutiert.
Alpine Glacier Reveals Ecosystem Impacts of Europe's Prosperity and Peril Over the Last Millennium
Authors: Brugger S. O. , Schwikowski M. , Gobet E. , Schwörer C. , Rohr C. , Sigl M. , Henne S. , Pfister C. , Jenk T. M. , Henne P. D. , Tinner W.
Published: September 2021

Information about past ecosystem dynamics and human activities is stored in the ice of Colle Gnifetti glacier in the Swiss Alps. Adverse climatic intervals incurred crop failures and famines and triggered reestablishment of forest vegetation but also societal resilience through innovation. Historical documents and lake sediments record these changes at local—regional scales but often struggle to comprehensively document continental‐scale impacts on ecosystems. Here, we provide unique multiproxy evidence of broad‐scale ecosystem, land use, and climate dynamics over the past millennium from a Colle Gnifetti microfossil and oxygen isotope record. Microfossil data indicate that before 1750 CE forests and fallow land rapidly replaced crop cultivation during historically documented societal crises caused by climate shifts and epidemics. Subsequently, with technology and the introduction of more resilient crops, European societies adapted to the Little Ice Age cold period, but resource overexploitation and industrialization led to new regional to global‐scale environmental challenges.
Modeling Ocean Color Niche Selection by Synechococcus Blue‐Green Acclimaters
Authors: Lovindeer R. , Ustick L. J. , Primeau F. , Martiny A. C. , Mackey K. R. M.
Published: September 2021

Light penetration through the ocean creates underwater light color niches and photosynthetic organisms use specific strategies to capture light in these niches. The selection pressure for some cyanobacteria strains in the genus Synechococcus that change color to absorb either blue or green light (chromatic acclimaters, or generalists) is not well understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that changes in ocean spectra brought about by mixing preferentially selects for generalists within a Synechococcus population. We investigated ocean conditions that led to high proportions of Synechococcus generalists versus specialists in a model ocean column, and compared simulations with in situ metagenomic and physical oceanographic data from major Bio‐GO‐SHIP cruises, supplemented with GEOTRACES and TARA Oceans, as well as the GOOS Argo Program and sea surface height from AVISO. We found that greater mixed layer depths selected for generalists in simulated Synechococcus populations, but did not account for much of the variance in the partitioning of light‐harvesting strategies in situ. Rather, oceanographic signatures for upwelling areas and ocean fronts explained more of the variation between Synechococcus generalists and specialists in the ocean. Our results motivate further study of the in situ light environments of upwelling zones and ocean fronts, which are currently understudied as potential light‐driven niche habitats.
The Role of Functional Nanomaterials for Wastewater Remediation
Authors: Ahmad N. A. , Goh P. S. , Zulhairun A. K. , Wong T. W. , Ismail A. F.
Published: September 2021

Nanotechnology has gained prominence as an advanced field of science, particularly its propensity to solve various environmental challenges. The use of nanomaterials is advantageous due to the unprecedented properties of nanomaterials including high surface area, high reactivity and strong mechanical properties that have been shown to be highly efficient and effective characteristics for wastewater treatment. The development of various nanomaterials provide the most exciting and encouraging advances based on their size effects to the targeted particulates. Various forms of nanomaterials, single or hybrid, have been widely used for the removal of heavy metals, microorganisms and organic pollutants from wastewater. Thus, in this chapter, we review the roles of nanomaterials in their application to wastewater treatment, underlining their advantages. Particularly, nanomaterials possess unique characteristics, depending on their classification and dimensions, which are beneficial for wastewater treatment. Nanomaterials including carbon-based nanomaterials, metal and metal oxides, metal–organic frameworks as well as hybrid nanomaterials are covered in this chapter. Lastly, future directions in the use of hybrid nanomaterials for water remediation are highlighted.
Synthesis of Functional Hybrid Nanomaterials Using Green Chemistry Approaches
Authors: Salimi E.
Published: September 2021

Fabrication of nano-scale hybrid materials having well-organized architectures is necessary for the next generation of miniaturized systems. The combination of molecular engineering and sophisticated processing techniques has enabled chemists to regulate the shape, composition and functionality of complicated organic–inorganic hybrid structures. The present chapter discusses a variety of concepts in the fabrication of nano-meter functional hybrid materials with different architectures. Strategies of employing functional precursors or using post-synthesis functionalization techniques have been investigated to cover broad aspects of functional hybrid architectures.
Functional Nanocomposites for Groundwater Treatment
Authors: Balamurugan Gopal , Vikneshvaran Sekar , Gopiraman Mayakrishnan , Porchezhiyan Vadivel , Ilangovan Andivelu , Saravanamoorthy Somasundaram
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, nanocomposites functionalized with carbonaceous–polymers, clays, noble metal, and various metal oxides play a major role in numerous applications such as in medicine, energy, sensors, heterogenous catalysis, and eco-friendly remediation. The main advantages of functional nanocomposites are their rapid and selective absorption, and their exceptional stability and recyclability, properties that are very useful for environmental remediation such as groundwater treatment. The degradation as well as removal of transition metal ions and organic pollutants from groundwater and wastewater are the most investigated subject area. The demand for such metal-based hybrid nanocomposites is increasing. Consequently, the development of highly efficient metal-based hybrid nanocomposites has attracted very special interest. In this chapter, we discuss the key innovations and developments in functional nanocomposites over the last few years. In particular, the chapter focuses on the efficient preparation of the various novel metal-based hybrid nanocomposites for environmental wastewater treatment.
Biodegradable polycaprolactone metallopolymer–antibiotic bioconjugates containing phenylboronic acid and cobaltocenium for antimicrobial application
Authors: Yang Peng , Luo Yuanyuan , Kurnaz Leman B. , Bam Marpe , Yang Xiaoming , Decho Alan W. , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Tang Chuanbing
Published: September 2021

Novel degradable polycaprolactone polymers containing phenylboronic acid, cobaltocenium and bioconjugated penicillin-G showed high efficacy in killing four different Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae).
Evaluating landfill leachate treatment by organic municipal solid waste-derived biochar
Authors: Bentley Matthew J. , Solomon Michelle E. , Marten Brooke M. , Shimabuku Kyle K. , Cook Sherri M.
Published: September 2021

Transforming the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) into biochar to reduce fugitive landfill emissions and control organic micropollutants (OMP) during landfill leachate treatment could provide a new circular economy organics diversion approach.
Heterogeneous protein co-assemblies with tunable functional domain stoichiometry
Authors: Farhadi Shaheen A. , Restuccia Antonietta , Sorrentino Anthony , Cruz-Sánchez Andrés , Hudalla Gregory A.
Published: September 2021

The distinct peptide strands of a heterotrimeric α-helical coiled-coil can be used as fusion tags to mediate heterogeneous co-assembly of proteins into supramolecular complexes with tunable subunit stoichiometry.
Covalent and non-covalent coupling of a Au102 nanocluster with a fluorophore: energy transfer, quenching and intracellular pH sensing
Authors: Hulkko Eero , Lahtinen Tanja , Marjomäki Varpu , Pohjolainen Emmi , Saarnio Ville , Sokolowska Karolina , Ajitha Ardra , Kuisma Mikael , Lehtovaara Lauri , Groenhof Gerrit , Häkkinen Hannu , Pettersson Mika
Published: September 2021

A covalently bound hybrid between an atomically precise gold nanocluster and a fluorescent dye is loaded into cells via endocytosis. Acidification of the endosomes activates fluorescence, enabling optical pH sensing inside live cells.
Shell thickness dependent photostability studies of green-emitting “Giant” quantum dots
Authors: Singh Rahul , Akhil Syed , Dutt V. G. Vasavi , Mishra Nimai
Published: September 2021

Green-emitting gradient alloy core/shell quantum dots with superior photostability under UV irradiation and high temperature.
Fast preparation of controllable nitrogen-atom-substituted graphyne film for use in field effect transistor devices
Authors: Yang Ze , Ren Xin , Ma Xiaodi , Song Yuwei , Hu Xiuli , Zhang Mingjia , Li Yuan , Xie Chipeng , Li Xiaodong , Li Jiazhu , Huang Changshui
Published: September 2021

A modified interface synthesis was developed for fast preparation of graphyne derivates that are comprised of aza-aromatics and acetylenic linkers, providing some reference for understanding the properties of graphyne-based versatile materials.
Correction: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) bearing fluoro-containing phenylboronic acid for specific recognition of glucose
Authors: Bao Wenji , Hai Wenfeng , Bao Layue , Yang Fan , Liu Yushuang , Goda Tatsuro , Liu Jinghai
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) bearing fluoro-containing phenylboronic acid for specific recognition of glucose’ by Wenji Bao et al., Mater. Chem. Front., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1qm00926e.
Low temperature scalable synthetic approach enabling high bifunctional electrocatalytic performance of NiCo2S4 and CuCo2S4 thiospinels
Authors: Shombe Ginena Bildard , Razzaque Shumaila , Khan Malik Dilshad , Nyokong Tebello , Mashazi Philani , Choi Jonghyun , Bhoyate Sanket , Gupta Ram K. , Revaprasadu Neerish
Published: September 2021

A scalable solventless approach is employed to prepare NiCo2S4 and CuCo2S4 with bare surface for enhanced supercapacitance and water splitting. The particles exhibit good energy storage and electrocatalytic activity as well as stability.
New in situ description of electrodepositing multiple nucleation processes under galvanostatic stimuli
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Luo Gong , Li Ning
Published: September 2021

Schematic illustration and equivalent circuit during electrodeposition nucleation at the early stage as controlled by diffusion.
Electro-oxidative cyclization: access to quinazolinones via K2S2O8 without transition metal catalyst and base
Authors: Hu Yongzhi , Hou Huiqing , Yu Ling , Zhou Sunying , Wu Xianghua , Sun Weiming , Ke Fang
Published: September 2021

A K2S2O8-promoted oxidative tandem cyclization of primary alcohols with 2-aminobenzamides to synthesize quinazolinones was successfully achieved under undivided electrolytic conditions without a transition metal and base.
A N-doped porous carbon framework with Ag-nanoparticles toward stable lithium metal anodes
Authors: Yu Yue , Wang Tianying , Zhao Wang , Liu Yongchang , He Donglin , Zhang Hongzhou , Song Xin , Liu Peng , Zhang Wen , Li Ping , Qu Xuanhui , Cao Peng
Published: September 2021

A 3D porous carbon framework embedded with uniform Ag nanoparticles (ADPCF) is fabricated by a one-step chemical blowing process. The ADPCF electrode exhibits great cycling stability for over 2500 h (1250 cycles) with small hysteresis.
Constructing a 2D/2D interfacial contact in ReS2/TiO2via Ti–S bond for efficient charge transfer in photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Wang Yanan , Shi Rongrong , Song Kai , Liu Chunyang , He Fang
Published: September 2021

The 2D/2D intimate interfacial contact and short carrier transport distance were achieved by Ti–S bond in ReS2/TiO2. Dramatic photocatalytic hydrogen activity relies on the coexistence of homojunction and heterojunction.
Facile synthesis of an antimony-doped Cu/Cu2O catalyst with robust CO production in a broad range of potentials for CO2 electrochemical reduction
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Wang Zhaojie , Cao Shoufu , Liu Siyuan , Lin Xiaojing , Zhang Yi , Shang Yizhu , Zhu Qiuying , Zhou Sainan , Wei Shuxian , Wei Baojun , Sun Daofeng , Lu Xiaoqing
Published: September 2021

The pre-adsorbed *CO is the key for high selectivity of CO2RR to CO on Cu/Cu2O–Sb.
Cotton cloth supported tungsten carbide/carbon nanocomposites as a Janus film for solar driven interfacial water evaporation
Authors: Sun Bojing , Han Yun , Li Siwei , Xu Ping , Han Xijiang , Nafady Ayman , Ma Shengqian , Du Yunchen
Published: September 2021

The enhanced water evaporation performance of our Janus films benefits from rational structure design and chemical composition modulation simultaneously.
3D hollow MXene (Ti3C2)/reduced graphene oxide hybrid nanospheres for high-performance Li-ion storage
Authors: Guo Miao , Zhong Shulin , Xu Tian , Huang Yuqin , Xia Guanglin , Zhang Tengfei , Yu Xuebin
Published: September 2021

Transition metal carbon/nitrogen compound (MXene) materials have been regarded as promising candidates for lithium-ion storage.
From an electride-like super alkali earth atom to a superalkalide or superalkali electride: M(HF)3M (M = Na or Li) as field-induced excellent inorganic NLO molecular switches
Authors: Wang Yin-Feng , Wang Jia-Jun , Li Jia , Liu Xue-Xia , Wang Zhi-Jun , Huang Jiangen , Li Zhi-Ru
Published: September 2021

From an electride-like molecule to a superalkali electride or superalkalide exhibiting multi-response NLO molecular switch properties.
Comparative study on the impact of through-space charge transfer over the electroluminescence performance of delayed fluorescence molecules
Authors: Yu Maoxing , Zhu Xiangyu , Zeng Jiajie , Liu Hao , Huang Ruishan , Zhuang Zeyan , Shen Pingchuan , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2021

A comparative study on the impacts of through-space charge transfer and through-bond charge transfer on the photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties of the delayed fluorescence molecules is conducted.
Three faint-source microlensing planets detected via the resonant-caustic channel
Authors: Han Cheongho , Udalski Andrzej , Kim Doeon , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Bozza Valerio , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Lee Chung-Uk , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz
Published: September 2021

Aims. We conducted a project of reinvestigating the 2017–2019 microlensing data collected by high-cadence surveys with the aim of finding planets that were missed due to the deviations of planetary signals from the typical form of short-term anomalies.

Methods. The project led us to find three planets, KMT-2017-BLG-2509Lb, OGLE-2017-BLG-1099Lb, and OGLE-2019-BLG-0299Lb. The lensing light curves of the events have a common characteristic: the planetary signals were produced by the crossings of faint source stars over the resonant caustics formed by giant planets located near the Einstein rings of host stars.

Results. For all planetary events, the lensing solutions are uniquely determined without any degeneracy. It is estimated that the host masses are in the range of 0.45 ≲ M∕M⊙≲ 0.59, which corresponds to early M to late K dwarfs, and thus the host stars are less massive than the Sun. On the other hand, the planets, with masses in the range of 2.1 ≲ M∕MJ ≲ 6.2, are heavier than the heaviest planet of the Solar System, that is, Jupiter. The planets in all systems lie beyond the snow lines of the hosts, and thus the discovered planetary systems, together with many other microlensing planetary systems, support the idea that massive gas-giant planets are commonplace around low-mass stars. We discuss the role of late-time high-resolution imaging in clarifying resonant-image lenses with very faint sources.
The effect of seed scarification on the germination process and the growth of long bean (Vigna sinensis) sprout
Authors: Ardiarini Novita , Lase Jonathan Anugrah , Hidayat Yayat , Habeahan Kisey Bina
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to determine the germination process of seeds with different scarification treatments. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, July 2019. The treatment in this research were different scarification methods of the seeds by sanding (P1), wounding (P2), soaking in H2SO4 (P3), soaking in warm water (P4), and baking at 55º C for 10 minutes (P5). Each treatment using 30 long bean seed that has been repeated for 3 times. Based on the five treatments, the seeds were planted in soil media and their growth observed for 14 days. The results showed that the seed growth for 14 days from the five treatments give an indication that the germination process and the first leaves grow out from long bean seeds was happen in treatment by oven 55º C (P5). Based on these results, it can be concluded that different scarification methods affected on the seed germination process. The fastest seed germination process to produce optimum growth in long bean plants was the scarification treatment by heating the seeds using an oven 55º C for 10 minutes (P5) before the seeds were planted.