bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of spatial exposedness on land use pattern in the Vysočina region
Authors: Kabrda Jan
Published: November 2020

In this paper, I tried to analyse the influence of socio-economical spatial exposedness on current land use pattern in the Vysočina region, Czechia. The main aims were: (a) to statistically prove and then to explain the direction of this influence; and (b) to assess its significance in the context of effects of other factors (eg. average altitude, slope or average density of population) influencing the land use pattern. Two data sources were used: (1) land use (8 categories) data for 1,113 territorial units (average area ca 6 sq kms.) of the Vysočina region for the years 1845, 1948, 1990 and 2000. (2) GIS model of current exposedness, based on the proximity of each territorial unit to main centres of settlement and to traffic lines. Some of the results are general, nevertheless, they are also influenced, to a large extent, by the specifics of the Vysočina region.
Conditionality and regional differentiation of life expectancy of population in Slovakia
Authors: Michálek Anton , Podolák Peter
Published: November 2020

In comparison with the healthiest European populations, Slovakia is characterized by significantly lower values of life expectancy at birth, particularly of men. The aim of this paper is to identify the main possible reasons of this situation and to outline the probable influence and nature of the most important factors. The paper also deals with main characteristics and possible reasons of regional differentiation of this situation that shows significantly different values in different regions of the country.
Contact systems, modern agglomeration advantages and foreign investors
Authors: Spilková Jana
Published: November 2020

So far, research on behaviour of foreign investors, their location decisions and contact systems and changing meaning of agglomeration advantages have been on the margin of both theoretical and empirical research in the Czech geography. This article is an introduction to these research problems that gain rising importance due to increasing foreign direct investments in the Czech Republic and also due to political efforts to support successful settlement of current foreign investors. First, the article explains the notion of contact system and gives a review of the most important literature concerned with this field of study. Second, it deals with the role of information in the modern competitive environment and with the new meaning of agglomeration advantages. Crucial theses on the topic are presented and briefly discussed. Finally, a further research agenda is sketched out and key research questions are outlined.
Channel-floodplain geosystem and riverine landscape - survey and assessment
Authors: Lehotský Milan , Grešková Anna
Published: November 2020

The article deals with new orientation and methodological approaches recently dominating in the field of fluvial geomorphology. The authors, based on theoretical and methodological findings of older and recent studies define the riverine landscape and its geomorphic base - channel-floodplain geosystems, explain their hierarchical structure and briefly outline the main features of approaches of its assessment and survey strategy.
Contribution to the geomorphology and the age of the selected slope deformations in the area of Slezské Beskydy Mts and Jablunkovská Brázda Furrow
Authors: Hradecký Jan , Pánek Tomáš , Břízová Eva
Published: November 2020

The studied area of the Silesian Beskydy Mts and the Jablunkovská brázda Furrow is noted for a big concentration of slope deformations. The genesis and expansion of them are predisposed by structurally geological conditions in the Silesian and Magura nappes. Radiocarbon 14C dating of selected slope deformations proved a close link between the rise of slope deformations and the humid phase of the Holocene and flood activity of rivers in the basin of the Upper Vistula River Sensu Starkel (1997). Dated landslides fall into the period of the turn of the Late Glacial and the Holocene, Subboreal and Subatlantic.
Detection and Enhancement of Shaded Areas in the High Resolution Satellite Data
Authors: Kropáček Jan
Published: November 2020

New high-resolution satellite data (IKONOS, QUickBird, SPOT5 and Eros) enable mapping in more detailed scales. The size of shadows is not of the order of pixel size any more. Misclassification of shadows in a high-resolution satellite image may lead to a shift of border between classes even by 30 meters. Shadows were grouped into five groups according to the shadowed surface and the type of the elevated object. Spectral analysis of these groups has been conducted and a simple method for detection of shaded areas has been proposed. This method utilizes map algebra. Shadows on vegetation and nonvegetation surfaces have been also distinguished. Three methods of image analysis to improve readability of shaded areas have been proposed: logarithmic enhancement, local contrast enhancement and ternary map. Objects hidden in shadow in the original image are better recognizable in the ternary map.
Polish geography at the beginning of the new millenium
Authors: Łoboda Jan
Published: November 2020

The article presents the state of Polish geography at the beginning of the new millennium, including its main research issues, research approaches, preferred scientific methods, the most crucial dilemmas as well as theoretical and methodological issues. Contemporary trends in the development of geography, applications of results of geographical research both in Poland and worldwide and an evaluation of modern geography as compared with other disciplines are also addressed. On this background, the most important weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the contemporary Polish geography, and its position in the global geography are presented. The article also highlights other scientific disciplines, which geography should become most closely linked scientifically with. Main research areas to be preferably developed in the Polish geography are presented in the final part of the paper. The results presented are based on an anonymous survey, conducted in May-September 2001.
DIFFERENTIATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF SUB-SECTOR OF
PROCESSING INDUSTRY OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF VINNITSA
REGION
Authors: KALETNIK Grygorii , Yaroslav HONTARUK
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the approaches to the interpretation of the concept of differentiation. The own interpretation of the concept of differentiation of development of branches as process of development of the enterprises on indicators of efficiency of use of actives, own capital, labor resources, efficiency of manufacture and possibility of creation of new kinds of production is offered. The components of the processing industry of the agro-industrial complex of Vinnytsia region are studied and the main ones are determined. The main factors influencing the development of differentiation of enterprises of the processing industry of the agricultural sector are analyzed. The analysis on the basic financial indicators of activity of the processing enterprises of agrarian sector of Vinnytsia region depending on the size of the organizations is carried out. Prospects for the privatization of distilleries in Ukraine are highlighted. The possibility of product differentiation at the enterprises of agro-industrial complex processing with orientation on creation of new productions is substantiated. The low level of management of distilleries was confirmed and the prospects of privatization of these organizations in accordance with the current legislation were outlined. It is determined that the main promising area of sectoral differentiation of the processing industry of the agro-industrial complex is the formation of sugar, meat processing, agricultural and alcohol industries on the basis of raw materials - production of biofuels (biogas, bioethanol). These studies show that the developed areas of differentiation of processing enterprises will avoid the practice of concealing profits at enterprises, increase revenues to the state budget from the alcohol industry; achieve growth in foreign investment. Improving the management of enterprises in the agro-industrial processing industry will contribute to the growth of the gross regional product and the profitability of production in the processing sectors of the agricultural sector. This will increase the energy independence of the region, reduce energy costs of distilleries, improve the environmental condition of water resources in the region, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provide the livestock industry with protein feed.
ON A STUDY OF STAGGERED LEAPFROG SCHEME FOR LINEAR SHALLOW WATER EQUATIONS
Authors: Krismiyati Budiasih L. , Hari Wiryanto L.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we present an analytical and numerical study of staggered leapfrog scheme for linear shallow water equation. It is shown that the scheme is stable when Courant number < 1, has second order accurate in both time and space, and there is no damping error in this scheme. We implement the scheme to simulate standing wave in a closed basin to show that the surface motions stay zero in a node and have constant amplitude at the antinode. For an external force given into the basin, it will induce a resonance, which cause the wave amplitude is getting bigger at the position of antinode. Moreover, we simulate a wave in a tidal basin, and show that the model has infinite spin up time. For a linear shallow water equation with linear friction, it is shown that the model has finite spin up time.
PROPERTIES OF SEQUENTIALLY COMPACT AND LOCALLY COMPACT IN STAR AND ALMOST MENGER SPACES
Authors: Kalpana A. , Saraswathi M.
Published: November 2020

Our aim of this work is to propose the concept sequentially compact and locally compact in almost and star Menger spaces. Also, we have developed their properties in the same spaces.
PYTHAGOREAN FUZZY MULTI SET AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN FISH FEED FOR INDIAN MAJOR CARP
Authors: Sophia Porchelvi R. , Jayapriya V.
Published: November 2020

Pythagorean fuzzy set is an extension of Intutionistic fuzzy set, which is more capable of expressing and handling the uncertainty under uncertain environments, so that it was broadly applied in various fields. In this paper, we explored the concept of Pythagorean fuzzy multi set (PFMS). We describe some basic set operations of Pythagorean fuzzy multi set and also, we proposed sine exponential distance function. Finally, through an illustrative example it is shown how the proposed distance works in decision-making problem.
SUPER FIBONACCI GRACEFUL LABELING FOR GENERALIZED (a,m)-SHELL GRAPH AND MERGED WITH SOME GRAPHS
Authors: Senthil Kumar D.
Published: November 2020

A graph $G$ with $p$ vertices and $q$ edges has super Fibonacci graceful labeling if there exists an injective map $f : V(G) \rightarrow \left\{F_{0}, F_{1},F_{2},\ldots F_{q}\right\}$ where $F_{k}$ is the $k^{th}$ Fibonacci number of the Fibonacci series such that its induced map $f^{+}: E(G) \rightarrow\left\{F_{1},F_{2},F_{3},\ldots F_{q}\right\}$ defined by $f^{+}(xy)$ =$\left|f(x) - f(y)\right|$ $\forall$ $xy \in G,$ is a bijective map. In this paper, we investigate the existence of super Fibonacci graceful labeling for the various types of $(a, m)$ - shell graph and $(a, m)$ - shell graph merged with some graphs.
MODULAR COLORINGS OF CORONA PRODUCT OF Pm WITH Cn
Authors: Paramaguru N.
Published: November 2020

For $\ell\ge 2,$ a modular $\ell\!$-colouring of a graph $\mathcal{G}$ except singleton nodes is a colouring of the nodes of $\mathcal{G}$ with the elements in $\mathbb{Z}_\ell$ have the possessions that for every two adjacent nodes of $\mathcal{G},$ the sums of the colours of that neighbours are different in $\mathbb{Z}_\ell.$ The lower $\ell$ for that $\mathcal{G}$ has a modular $\ell\!$-colouring is the modular chromatic number of $\mathcal{G}.$ In this paper, we discussed the modular chromatic number of corona product of paths with cycles.
FIXED POINT THEOREM IN PROBABILISTICALLY CONVEX MANGER SPACE
Authors: Shrivastava K. , Saxena S. , Narayan Mishra V.
Published: November 2020

The main target of this paper has been to apply the concept of probabilistically convexity on manger space and deal a common fixed-point theorem by using the concept of compatibility between multi- valued mappings and self-mappings in the above context.
SOME COMMON FIXED POINT THEOR MS FOR EXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN d-COMPLETE TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Authors: Rathee S. , Gupta P. , Narayan Mishra V.
Published: November 2020

In the present paper, we entrenched common fixed point theorems for self mappings satisfying expansive condition in d-complete topological spaces. Also we prove a fixed point theorem for $(\zeta,\alpha)$-expansive mapping in the setting of d-complete topological spaces. Our results extend and generalize the results of Shahi et al. to d-complete topological spaces.
ПРО СТАН СУСПІЛЬНОЇ СВІДОМОСТІ ТА ЗАХОДИ З ЙОГО ПОЛІПШЕННЯ В УМОВАХ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19
Authors: СЛЮСАРЕВСЬКИЙ Микола Миколайович
Published: November 2020

Проаналізовано результати попередніх досліджень стану суспільної свідомості в Україні в умовах пандемії COVID-19 та виокремлено провідні тенденції і суперечності суспільної реакції на пандемічні загрози. Зокрема, показано, що інтенсивність стресової реакції на ризик захворіти серед громадян України виявилася досить помірною. Основним джерелом стресу є не хвороба як така, а суцільна невизначеність і невпевненість у власному економічному майбутньому. Розглянуто провокативні чинники, які можуть посилювати суперечності в масовій свідомості та підвищувати вірогідність саботажу і спротиву громадян упровадженню карантинних обмежувальних заходів у зв'язку із новими хвилями пандемії. Виокремлено актуальні завдання у сфері забезпечення гармонійних суспільних відносин і підтримання психоемоційного стану населення в межах норми. Перше — домогтися масового дисциплінованого дотримання громадянами мінімуму необхідних заходів безпеки та дистанціювання в умовах фактичної відміни зовнішніх обмежувальних заходів, що знизить загрозу розвитку нових епідеміологічних спалахів. Друге — нейтралізувати або істотно послабити тенденції до зростання протестних настроїв, соціального невдоволення і відцентрових тенденцій, що дасть змогу зберегти керованість ситуацією.
Nespecifinio uždegimo tyrimas paūmėjus lėtinei obstrukcinei plaučių ligai
Authors: Vaitkus Mindaugas
Published: November 2020

Šių metų rugpjūčio 26 d. Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Medicinos akademijos (LSMU MA) viešame Medicinos mokslo krypties tarybos posėdyje buvo apginta Mindaugo Vaitkaus daktaro disertacija pavadinimu Nespecifinis uždegimas paūmėjus lėtinei obstrukcinei plaučių ligai (biomedicinos mokslai, medicina). Mokslinis vadovas – prof. dr. Raimundas Sakalauskas. Disertacija rengta 2009–2014 metais LSMU MA Pulmonologijos ir imunologijos klinikoje gavus Kauno regioninio biomedicininių tyrimų komiteto leidimą.
Vyrų, sergančių obstrukcine miego apnėja, metabolinių ir uždegimo požymių ypatumai
Authors: Pilkauskaitė Guoda
Published: November 2020

Šių metų rugpjūčio 28 d. Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Medicinos akademijos (LSMU MA) viešame Medicinos mokslo krypties tarybos posėdyje buvo apginta Guodos Pilkauskaitės daktaro disertacija pavadinimu Vyrų, serganäų obstrukcine miego apnėja, metabolinių ir uždegimo požymių ypatumai (biomedicinos mokslai, medicina). Mokslinis vadovas – prof. dr. Raimundas Sakalauskas, konsultantas – prof. dr. Skaidrius Miliauskas. Disertacija rengta 2008–2014 metais LSMU MA Pulmonologijos ir imunologijos klinikoje gavus Kauno regioninio biomedicininių tyrimų komiteto leidimą.
17-­o tipo T limfocitų pagalbininkų reikšmė vėlyvosios fazės kvėpavimo takų uždegimui sergant alergine astma
Authors: Vasiljeva Skirmantė
Published: November 2020

2014 metų rugpjūčio 27 d. Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Medicinos akademijos (LSMU MA) viešame Medicinos mokslo krypties tarybos posėdyje Ieva Bajoriūnienė apgynė daktaro mokslo laipsnio disertaciją 17-o tipo T limfocitų pagalbininkų vaidmuo sergant alergine astma. Mokslinis vadovas – prof. dr. Kęstutis Malakauskas. Disertacija rengta 2009–2014 metais Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Medicinos akademijos Pulmonologijos ir imunologijos klinikoje.
Alerginės astmos evoliucija
Authors: Judickienė Jurgita
Published: November 2020

Lietuvoje ir Kėdainių rajone sergamumas astma didėja kaip ir Europoje. Ligonių skaičius didėja, mažėjant bendrai vaikų populiacijai. Rajono vaikų ligų gydytojai, vaikų pulmonologai stebi astma sergančių pacientų ligos eigą, koreguoja gydymą vadovaudamiesi specialistų rekomendacijomis. Skiriama dėmesio astmos ir kitų alerginių ligų ar jų paūmėjimų profilaktikai, pacientų ir jų artimųjų mokymui. Pristatomas klinikinis atvejis atspindi atopijos evoliuciją nuo atopinio dermatito kūdikystėje, astmos ikimokykliniu ir mokykliniu laikotarpiu iki alerginio rinito paauglystėje. Sėkminga gydytojo ir paciento bei jo artimųjų partnerystė padeda pasiekti gerų gydymo rezultatų ir pagerinti paciento bei šeimos gyvenimo kokybę.
Sarkoidozės diagnostika ir gydymas Didžiojoje Britanijoje
Authors: Dudzevičius Vytis
Published: November 2020

Sarkoidozė – nežinomos kilmės uždegimo liga, dažniausiai pažeidžianti plaučius ir (arba) tarpuplaučio limfmazgius. Tačiau retesniais atvejais sarkoidozė gali pažeisti ir kitus organus, taip pat ir gyvybiškai svarbius: širdį, smegenis, akis ar inkstus. Labai svarbu atlikti reikiamus tyrimus ir kaip galima tiksliau nustatyti diagnozę, sarkoidozę reikia atskirti nuo kitų plaučių ligų, taip pat ir limfomos.
Sarkoidozės genetiniai ir imuniniai dermatitai
Authors: Serapinas Danielius , Šukys Marius
Published: November 2020

Sarkoidozė yra heterogeniška uždegimo liga, kurios etiologija neaiški. Ji gali paveikti visus žmogaus organus, tačiau beveik visada randama pokyčių krūtinės ląstoje. Liga gali prasidėti staiga ūmine eiga ir praeiti negydoma ar būti lėtinės eigos, kuriai reikės ilgalaikio gydymo. Kadangi liga kliniškai pasireiškia gana įvairiai, tai leidžia manyti, kad sarkoidozę lemia ne vienas skirtingas veiksnys. Vis dėlto ligai būdingas imuninis atsakas, lemiantis granuliomų formavimąsi, rodo, kad ir skirtingai pasireiškianti liga turi tų pačių savybių. Jau yra nustatyta genų, susijusių su sarkoidozės atsiradimu, taip pat pastebėta, kad skirtingos genų variacijos lemia skirtingą ligos raišką. Ankstesniais tyrimais buvo nustatyta, kad su sarkoidoze yra susiję HLA genai, o jų rezultatai atsikartojo keliuose kohortiniuose tyrimuose. Aukštos specializacijos centrai jau rado, kaip panaudoti šiuos atradimus siekiant geresnės ligos kontrolės. Svarbu, kad šiuo aspektu ateityje būtų toliau plėtojami tyrimai šiuo aspektu, ypač siekiant išsiaiškinti genų ir aplinkos bei genų tarpusavio sąveikas, kurios gali turėti įtakos sarkoidozės klinikai.
Wnt signalinio kelio reikšmė astmos patogenezei
Authors: Januškevičius Andrius , Malakauskas Kęstutis
Published: November 2020

Wnt signalinis kelias – tai organizmo išskiriamų glikoproteinų reguliuojamas kelias, galintis veikti genų transkrip-ciją, citoplazmos pakitimus, viduląstelines Ca2+ jonų saugyklas. Reguliuodamas ląstelinius procesus, nuo embriono vystymosi iki ląstelių apoptozės, Wnt signalinis kelias garantuoja tinkamą organizmo veiklą ląstelių lygmeniu. Wnt signalinis kelias yra svarbus normaliam plaučių vystymuisi bei daugelio plaučių ligų patogenezėje. Sergant astma, nustatoma padidėjusi Wnt ligandų bei transformuojančių augimo faktorių β1 raiška, sukelianti kvėpavimo takų remodeliaciją. Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgiama Wnt signalinio kelio įtaka plaučių ligų, ypač astmos, vystymuisi, įrodant Wnt, kaip tyrimo objekto, svarbą.
Th9 ląstelių transkripcijos faktorių STAT6 ir PU.1 vaidmuo sergant astma
Authors: Janulaitytė Ieva , Lavinskienė Simona
Published: November 2020

Astma yra lėtinė kvėpavimo takų uždegimo liga, kuriai būdinga praeinanti bronchų obstrukcija bei bronchų hiperreaktyvumas. Astmą sukelia tiek aplinkos, tiek genetiniai veiksniai bei jų tarpusavio sąveika. Th9 ląstelės yra naujai aptikta CD4+ T ląstelių subpopuliacija, kuri išskiria didelį kiekį IL-9. Naivieji CD4+ T limfocitai, veikiami TGF-β ir IL-4, diferencijuojasi į Th9 ląsteles. Šie citokinai veikia PU.1 ir STAT6 transkripcijos faktorių raišką. Transkripcijos faktoriai reguliuoja Il9 geno raišką. Tačiau dar nėra atlikta pakankamai tyrimų, nustatyti IL-9 ir jo transkripcijos faktorių STAT6 ir PU.1 sąsajas, kurios gali turėti įtakos alerginės astmos patogenezei.
Pleuros chirurgija
Authors: Samiatina-Morkūnienė Diana , Pilipavičius Dainius
Published: November 2020

Pleuros chirurgija užima svarbią vietą planinėje ir urgentinėje krūtinės chirurgijoje. Apima visą spektrą specifinių ir nespecifinių pleuros ligų, gerybinių ir piktybinių navikų, jatrogeninių komplikacijų ir traumų chirurginį gydymą. Straipsnyje aprašomas tik tų pleuros ligų, su kuriomis savo klinikinėje praktikoje dažniausiai susiduria pulmonologai ir šeimos gydytojai, chirurginio gydymo principai.
Seebri Breezhaler (glikopironis) – itin greitos veikimo pradžios, didžiausio selektyvumo M3 receptoriams, ilgai veikiantis inhaliuojamasis anticholinerginis vaistas LOPL gydyti
Authors: Biekšienė Kristina
Published: November 2020

Glikopironio bromidas (glikopironis) – itin greitos veikimo pradžios, didžiausio selektyvumo M3 receptoriams, ilgai veikiantis inhaliuojamasis anticholinerginis bronchus plečiantis vaistas LOPL gydyti. Tai vieną kartą per parą vartojamas miltelių pavidalo vaistas, patvirtintas LOPL gydyti. Glikopironiui būdinga itin greita veikimo pradžia – jo bronchus plečiantis poveikis pasireiškia per 5 minutes po pirmosios dozės. Bronchus plečiantis glikopironio bromido poveikis trunka 24 valandas ir nemažėja vaistą nuolat vartojant ilgą laiką. Glikopironis yra toks pat efektyvus, saugus ir gerai toleruojamas kaip ir kitas žinomas ilgai veikiantis anticholinerginis vaistas – tiotropio bromidas. Glikopironio bromidas taip pat reikšmingai sumažina vidutinio sunkumo ir sunkių LOPL paūmėjimų dažnumą bei pagalbinių trumpai veikiančių bronchus plečiančių vaistų kiekį. Taigi, vieną kartą per parą vartojamas glikopironis (Seebri Breezhaler) yra naujas pasirinkimas gydant LOPL sergančius pacientus.
Efektyvaus alerginio rinito gydymo svarba
Authors: Tamašauskienė Laura , Šitkauskienė Brigita
Published: November 2020

Alerginiu rinitu serga apie 30 proc. visos populiacijos [1]. Ši liga blogina gyvenimo kokybę bei mažina darbo ir mo­kymosi produktyvumą. Be to, dauguma žmonių, sergančių alerginiu rinitu, serga ir astma. Apskaičiuota, kad 60–70 proc. žmonių, kuriems diagnozuota astma, serga alerginiu rinitu [2, 3, 4]. Šiems pacientams būdingesnė sunki astmos eiga bei dažni šios ligos paūmėjimai. Tyrimai rodo, kad efektyvus rinito gy­dymas gali padėti kontroliuoti astmos simptomus [5, 6]. Šio straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti alerginio rinito diagnostikos ir gydymo metodus bei šios ligos svarbą astmos išsivystymui bei eigai.
Tinkamas inhaliatorius – geros ligos kontrolės veiksnys
Authors: Nutautienė Rūta
Published: November 2020

Lėtinė obstrukcinė plauãų liga (LOPL) ir astma – itin pasaulyje dažnos lėtinės obstrukcinės kilmės plauãų ligos, kurioms gydyti reikia vis daugiau lėšų, dėl to jos tampa sunkia socioekonomine našta. Pasaulyje LOPL pagal dažnumą yra ketvirtoji mirties priežastis Jung-tinėse Amerikos Valstijose (JAV) [1]. Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais ženkliai išaugo ir vaikų, ir suaugusiųjų sergamumas astma. Statistikos duomenimis, pasaulyje astma serga apie 300 mln. žmonių, o kai kuriose šalyse – net iki 18 proc. gyventojų [3].
Lėtinė obstrukcinė plaučių liga ir tiotropis
Authors: Kalinauskaitė Virginija
Published: November 2020

Lėtinė obstrukcinė plaučių liga (LOPL) – apatinių kvėpavimo takų liga, kuriai būdinga nevisiškai išnykstanti ir progresuojanti kvėpavimo takų obstrukcija, susijusi su nenormalia plaučių uždegimo reakcija į įkvepiamas kenksmingas daleles ar dujas. LOPL yra viena pagrindinių sergamumo ir mirtingumo priežasčių Europoje. Čia jai gydyti išleidžiama iki 102 mlrd. eurų per metus, o nuo LOPL miršta 200–300 tūkst. ligonių kasmet. Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos (PSO) duomenimis, LOPL nusineša maždaug 2 750 tūkst. gyvybių (4,8 proc. mirčių) per metus [1]. Pagal 2014 m. GOLD (angl. The Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) rekomendacijas ilgo veikimo anticholinerginiai preparatai, įskaitant tiotropį, lieka pirmos eilės vaistais B, C, D grupių pacientams ir kaip gydymo alternatyva siūlomi A grupės pacientams. Tiotropio efektyvumas jau įrodytas daugybe klinikinių tyrimų (pvz.: TIOSPIR®, UPLIFT®) modeliuojant įvairias galimas klinikines LOPL situacijas. Vis dėlto tyrimas, skirtas įvertinti ligonių gyvenimo kokybei ir vaisto efektyvumui gydant dažniausiomis gretutinėmis ligomis sergančius pacientus, buvo atliktas visai neseniai: SOSPES tyrimo rezultatai publikuoti 2013 metais. Jie nenustebino – gydymas tiotropiu ir šiame tyrime buvo veiksmingas ir davė gerų rezultatų.
A new species of the genus Microcleonus Faust, 1904 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Tuva
Authors: Legalov Andrei A.
Published: November 2020

A new species, Microcleonus meregallii Legalov, sp. nov. from Tuva is described and illustrated. It is similar to M. panderi from which it differs in the coarsely punctuate pronotum, without distinct tubercles, and slightly curved aedeagus. Key and distribution map for all species of this genus are given.
Analysis of the Effect of Motivation and Training on the Performance of Nurses in Datu Beru Takengon Public Hospital
Authors: Rezeki Vina , Fitriani Arifah Devi , Muhammad Iman , Lastiur Lucia
Published: November 2020

Nurses who work in emergency room must have more skills, which is implied for every nurse who works in the emergency room to have a good performance. The study aims to analyze the influence of motivation and training on the performance of nurses in the emergency room at Datu Beru Takengon General Hospital in 2018.The design used a quantitative analytic survey. The population were all nurses in the emergency room of Datu Beru Hospital in Takengon by totalling  32 nurses and all were taken as the sample by using total population technique. Data analysis was performed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses.The results showed that out of 15 respondents who had less motivation had a poor performance in the category of less than 9 people (60%) and of the 17 respondents who were motivated, motivation with nurse performance with Chi-Square statistical test obtained p-value =.032 <α .05, which means that there is an influence between training and nurse performance .001 <α .05, which means there is an influence between training and nurse performance.The conclusion is that there is an influence between motivation and training on the performance of nurses in the emergency room. It is recommended that the hospital management pay attention to the performance of the nurses, by giving riward to nurses who have good performance and giving sanctions to nurses who break the rules.
The Effect of Health Education through HIV/AIDS Booklet Media on Adolescent Behavior for HIV/AIDS Prevation in Darussalam Health Preventation Lhokseumawe City
Authors: Wulandari Wulandari , Sitorus Samsidar , Fitria Aida
Published: November 2020

According to Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation Number 52 of 2017, health development is aimed at increasing awareness, willingness and ability to live healthy for everyone so that the highest degree of public health can be realized as an investment for the development of productive human resources. This research is Quasy experiment with one-group-pretest and posttest without a control group which describes the effect of health education through the HIV/AIDS booklet media on adolescent behaviour. The population were 71 people, and all were as the sample. Based on the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, the significance value is 0.000 <.05. Based on the multivariate analysis with the MANOVA test, it was found that the attitude variable (R-Square = .773) was the variable that had the strongest correlation with the experiment giving the HIV/AIDS booklet media. The results showed the effect of health education through the HIV/AIDS Booklet Media on changes in adolescent behaviour for HIV/AIDS prevention, indicated by an increase in knowledge, attitudes and actions before and after the distribution of HIV/AIDS booklets. Increasing the implementation of HIV/AIDS socialization activities for vocational high school youth by providing education using media tailored to educational targets, one of which is the HIV/AIDS booklet media for vocational high school students and students as a preventive effort in reducing HIV/AIDS cases among vocational high school adolescents so that teenagers in this school become liaison information related to HIV/AIDS to adolescents in other schools.
Specifics of Using Image Processing Techniques for Blood Smear Analysis
Authors: Lyashenko Vyacheslav , Sinelnikova Tetiana , Zeleniy Oleksandr , Babker Asaad Mohammed Ahmed
Published: November 2020

The process of medical diagnosis is an important stage in the study of human health. One of the directions of such diagnostics is the analysis of images of blood smears. In doing so, it is important to use different methods and analysis tools for image processing. It is also important to consider the specificity of blood smear imaging. The paper discusses various methods for analyzing blood smear images. The features of the application of the image processing technique for the analysis of a blood smear are highlighted. The results of processing blood smear images are presented.
Relationship on Leadership Support with Nurser Compliance Identifying Patients in the Implementation of Patient Safety in Datu Beru Central Aceh Regional General Hospital
Authors: Mualimin Mualimin , Nadapdap Thomson P , Deli Deli
Published: November 2020

The patient safety mission at the hospital is to prevent patient safety incidents from occurring, the number of incidents is said to be like an iceberg phenomenon. The incidence rate in Indonesia based on data from the Joint Commission International (2012) shows that as many as 13% due to surgical errors and 68% due to blood transfusion errors. This study aims to analyze the relationship between leadership support and compliance with nurses in identifying patients in the implementation of patient safety in the Datu Beru Aceh Hospital. Tengah. The research design used a quantitative analytic survey with a cross-sectional design. The population of all nurses working in the Women's Internal Medicine Room at Datu Beru Hospital, Central Aceh was 34 people. The sampling technique used total sampling. Data analysis was carried out by univariate, bivariate and multivariate with chi_square. The results of the research variable Leadership Support with Nurse Adherence obtained p-value = 0,000, meaning that there is a relationship between leadership support and nurse compliance to identify patients in the application of patient safety. Multivariate analysis of leadership support variables obtained sig value of 0.000 <p = 0.05, which means that there is a significant influence of the leadership support variable on nurse compliance. There is a relationship between leadership support and the compliance of nurses to identify patients in the application of patient safety and there is a significant effect.
Determinants of Patient Care and Satisfaction in Pakistan- A Scoping Review
Authors: Sarfraz Zouina , Sarfraz Azza , Hussain Hafiza , Jabeen Fareeha , Nadeem Arham , Bano Shahar , Kharal Ramsha , Zulfiqar Farah , Tariq Sania , Fatima Zainab , Zafar Mehwish
Published: November 2020

Background: Pakistan established the Punjab healthcare commission to improve patient care catering to professional accountability in the public and private sectors. As per the World Health Organization, quality of care comprises of six dimensions where the care must be effective, efficient, accessible, patient-centered, equitable, and safe. Objectives: The objectives are to determine if patients are satisfied with the quality of services in public and private sectors, or if any neglect was present. Methods: The literature on patient care and satisfaction was compiled using a scoping review methodology. PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus were used to collate information. Duplicates were removed using Endnote X9. Results: Of the 467 abstracts and titles that were screened for relevance, 74 were considered for full-text review and potential inclusion in the scoping review. Out of 16 included studies, 7 (43.8%) of the included studies originated from Pakistan. The characteristics of included studies such as quality of care and patient satisfaction are tabulated. Conclusion: Current literature does not provide quality- and satisfaction- focused studies, and has methodological discrepancies. It is required that the medical profession adopt a sense of self-monitoring. Gaps in service provision must be addressed by healthcare managers, policymakers, and physicians in Pakistan.
An Institutional Review of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Medical Students Regarding Hepatitis B and C: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rukh Mah , Khalid Malaika , Nadeem Mahrukh , Saeed Mahreen , Mahroo  , Ghouri Muhammad Hashim
Published: November 2020

Background: Hepatitis is a major health issue. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of medical students regarding hepatitis B and C.
Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from March, 2018 to May, 2018. 310 medical students from Allama Iqbal Medical College participated. KAP towards Hepatitis B and C was assessed by using a pre-validated questionnaire. Association of gender and year of study was established with KAP of respondents. Also, associations of knowledge with attitude and practices were also established using Chi-square test taking ≤0.05 as standard p-value. SPSS version 21.0 was used.
Results:269 (86.77%) out of 310 distributed questionnaires were received. 116 (43.1%) respondents fell in age group 16-20, 150 (55.8%) in 21-25 years while 3 respondents (1.1%) were 25 year and above. 146 (54.3%) respondents were females and 123 (45.7) respondents were male. There were 54 (20.1%) respondents from first year, 59 (21.9%) respondents from second year, 53 (19.7%) respondents from third year, 55 (20.4%) respondents from fourth year and 48 (17.8%) respondents from final year. 132 (90.4%) female respondents and 98 (79.7%) male respondents had good knowledge regarding hepatitis B and C. No significant relationship was established between gender of respondents with their attitude and practices. As for relationship of knowledge of respondents with their attitude and practices, no significant association could be established.Conclusion: Overall, the medical students have adequate knowledge, sensible attitude but unsatisfactory practices in regards to Hepatitis B and C.
Factors influencing Outcome of Extradural Hematoma in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
Authors: Jalal Liaqat , Khan Atta-ur-Rehman , Farooq Muhammad Shaukat , Nouman Muhammad Tahir
Published: November 2020

Background: The outcome for this neurosurgical problem is still far from set target in many developing countries like Pakistan. Major proportion of cases presenting with EDH in hospital still has poor outcome. This poor outcome of EDH is attributed to many factors including weak health systems of most developing countries. Objective of study was to analyze factors influencing outcome among patients of head injury with an extradural hematoma before surgery admitted in neurosurgery department of Dera Ghazi Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in neurosurgery department of Dera Ghazi Khan Medical College from January 2019 to December 2019 after ethical approval. All the patients with extradural hematoma of either gender admitted in the department during the study duration in which surgery was performed to evacuate extradural hematoma were included in the study. Data was collected by using preformed, pretested questionnaire. A vital signs and Glasgow coma scale record was maintained at thirty minutes interval. Computerized tomography was done in every patient. The EDH volume was calculated by using Peterson and Epperson equation a x b x c x 0.5. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Chi square test was applied to observe any statistically significant difference between various strata if existed and p value <0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Total 237 patients with Extradural Hematoma (EDH) were admitted in neurosurgery department during the study period were included in study. More than half 136 (57.4%) patients were more or equal to the age of 18 years. Majority of the patients 218 (91.9%) in the study were male.  Major cause of extradural hematoma among patients in this study was road traffic accident 154 (64.9%). The outcome of EDH was found to be significantly (p <0.001) associated with age of patients. More than ninety percent of the patients who were directly admitted to tertiary care hospital has good outcome as compared to 109 (60.2%) patients which were referred and difference in outcome was statistically significant (p<0.001). The volume of EDH is not significantly associated with the outcome (p=0.090). The GSC score of the patients at the time of admission is significantly associated with the outcome (p<0.001). Study findings showed that GCS score of the patients at the time of surgery was also found to be significantly associated with outcome of EDH (p<0.001).
Conclusion: There is a strong association of outcome in extradural hematoma with age, gender and GCS of the patient. In higher GCS the outcome was excellent but in low GCS the outcome was poor.
q-Difference Systems for the Jackson Integral of Symmetric Selberg Type
Authors:   University of the Ryukyus, Japan, Ito Masahiko
Published: November 2020

We provide an explicit expression for the first order q-difference system for the Jackson integral of symmetric Selberg type. The q-difference system gives a generalization of q-analog of contiguous relations for the Gauss hypergeometric function. As a basis of the system we use a set of the symmetric polynomials introduced by Matsuo in his study of the q-KZ equation. Our main result is an explicit expression for the coefficient matrix of the q-difference system in terms of its Gauss matrix decomposition. We introduce a class of symmetric polynomials called interpolation polynomials, which includes Matsuo's polynomials. By repeated use of three-term relations among the interpolation polynomials we compute the coefficient matrix.
IS THE REINHART-ROGOFF DEBT THRESHOLD APPLICABLE TO ITALY?
Authors: Hsing Yu
Published: November 2020

This paper employs an extended production function to examine the relationship between central government debt and economic growth in Italy. The results show that the threshold of the central government debt ratio for Italy is estimated to be 105.00%, which is greater than the 90% debt threshold proposed by Reinhart and Rogoff. Besides, a higher growth rate of labor employment or investment/GDP ratio would raise the growth rate. Hence, the debt threshold proposed by Reinhart-Rogoff underestimates the debt threshold for Italy. The finding suggests that the debt ratio of 131.09% in 2019 is well above the debt threshold and is likely to be unsustainable.
Huge Ovarian Cyst- A Case Report
Authors: Maharjan Sunita , Dangal Ganesh , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema , Shrestha Ranjana , Bhattachan Kabin , Bajracharya Nishma , Tiwari Kenusha Devi , Bharati Sonu
Published: November 2020

Ovarian cyst torsion (also termed as adnexal torsion) refers to partial or complete rotation of the ovary and a portion of fallopian tube along with its supply to vascular pedicle. It occurs commonly in females of all age group, more on the right side (60%) and often with acute lower abdominal pain lasting for few hours up to 24 hours. Ovarian cyst torsion is one of the devastating conditions hampering blood supply of ovary which may lead to total necrosis of ovarian tissue like in our case. Delayed diagnosis and management can lead to various complications. Here, we present a case of 46 years old perimenopausal female, para 2, living 2 who presented to our emergency department with complain of sudden onset severe pain abdomen since morning. Emergency exploratory laparotomy was done due to high clinical suspicion of torsion based on previous ultrasound finding of ovarian cyst done a day prior to the presentation. On intraoperative finding, the cyst was already necrosed. Due to timely diagnosis and management by emergency laparotomy, anticipated complications were reduced.
The first Antechinus reference genome provides a resource for investigating the genetic basis of semelparity and age-related neuropathologies
Authors: Brandies Parice A. , Tang Simon , Johnson Robert S. P. , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine
Published: November 2020

Antechinus are a genus of mouse-like marsupials that exhibit a rare reproductive strategy known as semelparity and also naturally develop age-related neuropathologies similar to those in humans. We provide the first annotated antechinus reference genome for the brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii). The reference genome is 3.3 Gb in size with a scaffold N50 of 73Mb and 93.3% complete mammalian BUSCOs. Using bioinformatic methods we assign scaffolds to chromosomes and identify 0.78 Mb of Y-chromosome scaffolds. Comparative genomics revealed interesting expansions in the NMRK2 gene and the protocadherin gamma family, which have previously been associated with aging and age-related dementias respectively. Transcriptome data displayed expression of common Alzheimer’s related genes in the antechinus brain and highlight the potential of utilising the antechinus as a future disease model. The valuable genomic resources provided herein will enable future research to explore the genetic basis of semelparity and age-related processes in the antechinus.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Full Term Neonates: Is There Always an Underlying Cause?
Authors: Abbo Olivier , Harper Luke , Michel Jean-Luc , Ramful Dushka , Breden Audrey , Sauvat Frederique
Published: November 2020

Objective: To review our experience with full-term neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and to compare its characteristics to those published in the literature.Design: Retrospective review of all neonates born after 35 weeks of gestation managed in Reunion Island for NEC from 2000 to 2012.Results: Among the 217 diagnosed NEC, 27 patients (12.4%) were full term neonates, who were born at a mean gestational age of 36.8 ±1.7 weeks. The mean onset of the disease was 12.1±11.2 days after birth. Twenty patients had underlying causes (15 organic pathologies of the child, 3 isolated maternal disease, and 2 infections); 7 had idiopathic NEC. Surgery was required in 12 patients (37.5%) at 23.2±20 days after birth. NEC affected most of the time the colon (n=6) and the rectum (n=3). Overall survival rate was 88.8% (24/27). Two patients required partial non-enteral nutrition for1.3 and 2.1 years.Conclusions: NEC in full term neonates is a rare pathology. The onset of the disease in our experience was slightly later than described in the literature, but remains earlier than in the premature population. In some cases, no obvious cause can be found, suggesting a different pathogenesis. Further investigations are required in order to better understand this pathology. The goal will be to find measures to reduce global mortality.
Gastrointestinal Perforation in Neonates: Aetiology and Risk Factors
Authors: Ekwunife Hyginus Okechukwu , Jideoffor Ugwu , Victor Modekwe , Andrew N Osuigwe
Published: November 2020

Background: Gastrointestinal perforation (GIP) in neonates presents important challenges and mortality can be high. This is a report of recent experience with GIP in neonates in a developing country.Patients and methods: A retrospective review of 16 neonates treated for GIP in a 3 year period.Results: There were 9 males and 7 females, aged 0-28 days (median age =7days). Their weights at presentation ranged from 0.9 - 4.7kg (median =2.6). Five infants were premature. Twelve infants presented more than 72 hours after onset of symptoms. Plain abdominal radiographs showed peumoperitoneum in 9 infants. The cause of perforation was necrotising enterocolitis 6, intestinal obstruction 6, iatrogenic 3 and spontaneous 1. The site of perforation was ileum in 12 infants, stomach in 4 and colon in 4; 4 patients had involvement of more than one site. All the neonates underwent exploratory laparotomy with primary closure ( n=5) , resection and anastomosis( n=6), colostomy (n=3), Ileostomy ( n=2), partial gastrectomy (n=2) ,or gastrojejunostomy ( n=1). Two neonates had multiple procedures. Two very sick preterm babies had an initial peritoneal lavage. Surgical site infection is the commonest postoperative complication occurring in 9 infants. Anaesthesia sepsis and malnutrition is responsible for the seven deaths recorded.Conclusions: Neonatal GIP has multiple aetiologies; NEC is the most common cause. Major mortality risk factors include NEC, multiple perforations, delayed presentation and prematurity.
Management of Duodenal Atresia in the setting of Congenital Leukemia with Massive Hepatomegaly
Authors: Burjonrappa Sathyaprasad C
Published: November 2020

Down's syndrome (DS) is associated with duodenal atresia (DA) in about 8-10% of cases. Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder (TMD)/Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is also associated with the trisomy 21 mutation. The occurrence of the two conditions together complicates the diagnosis and surgical management of the DA. We discuss the technical aspects of management of the DA in this clinical setting.
Congenital Immature Teratoma of the Retroperitoneum
Authors: Choudhury Subhasis Roy , Debnath Pinki R , Pant Nitin , Chowdhary Lalita
Published: November 2020

Congenital teratomas occur in extragonadal locations, the commonest site being the sacrococcygeal region. This report describes a rare case of antenatally detected, large, immature retroperitoneal teratoma. The diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of dealing with such a case have been discussed and the relevant literature reviewed. The recurrence of the tumour after gross surgical removal indicates a definitive role of administering chemotherapy in such a case.
Congenital Strangulated Transmesenteric Hernia: A Rare Cause of Acute Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Aké Landry Yapi , Moh Nicolas Ello , Kéita Abass , Aguehoundé Cosme
Published: November 2020

A case of congenital transmesenteric hernia leading to intestinal obstruction is being reported here.
Pyloric Atresia Type II
Authors: Bhatnagar Sushmita
Published: November 2020

Successful management of a neonate with type II pyloric atresia is reported and the relevant literature has been briefly reviewed.
Posterior Urethral Valves in Neonate
Authors: Gharpure Vivek
Published: November 2020

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Agenesis of Azygos Vein in a Case of Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Authors: Mirza Bilal , Saleem Muhammad
Published: November 2020

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Review of the Innovative Design of Coils for Electromagnetic Forming Process
Authors: Elsayed Awab , Elamin Mohammed
Published: November 2020

This review article aims to deliver a full and comprehensive understanding of the different types of coils including their limitations and methods of improvement. The efficient design of coils has a significant impact on enhancing the quality of the poor formability alloys. This study further discusses the role of the most important parameters that play a vital role in coils design. The scope of this review includes the modern design of coils that are used in several industries alongside their most suitable applications and end products. Moreover, based on the findings of some important studies in the literature, a detailed review on the numerous methods to evaluate coils performance and how to improve coils quality is provided.