bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary care physicians’ knowledge and attitudes about obesity, adherence to treatment guidelines and its’ association with confidence to treat obesity at the Saudi Ministry of Interior primary health care centers
Authors: Al Saud Lama Mohammed , Altowairqi Saad Ebrahem , Showail Anwar Ali , Alzahrani Bader Saad , Arnous Maha M. , Alsuhaibani Raya Mohammed
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:

Many primary care physicians (PCPs) believed that managing overweight and obesity is essential to their jobs, however, many believe that they were doing it ineffectively, unsatisfying, and had negative attitudes. We conducted this study to explore the knowledge, attitudes and adherence to obesity management guidelines, identify potential barriers that may prevent adherence of PCPs to obesity treatment guidelines.

Methods:

We conducted this cross-sectional study and conducted a questionnaire sent via email to all PCPs in the Ministry of Interior centers in Riyadh, Al-Kharj, AlQassim, Wadi Ad Dawasir, Hail and Tabuk in Saudi Arabia.

Results:

A total of 119 PCPs participated in the survey, 61 (51.3%) males and 58 (48.7%) females. All respondents (n = 119, 100%) answered correctly that obesity is a disease. Of PCPs surveyed, genetics accounted for 75.6% of the responses as the cause of obesity. 79.8% believed that the best way for patients with obesity to lose weight was to engage in regular physical activity. The majority of PCPs (87.4%) thought that treating obesity should be a top priority, and 88.2% would typically recommend obesity therapy to their patients. Around 68.9% of PCPs thought that it’s their patients’ responsibility to lose weight. The majority will recommend obesity treatment and 75.6% would talk to their patients about weight concerns, while 60.5% would refer their patients to obesity surgery. There was a positive significant association between higher knowledge and better attitude and better adherence to treatment guidelines. More experienced PCPs were more confident. The most common perceived barrier was the patients’ lack of desire to follow obesity treatment.

Conclusion:

Primary care clinics and PCPs play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating patients with obesity, according to Ministry of Health guidelines on the prevention and management of obesity. PCPs must not only acknowledge obesity as a chronic illness and the possible long-term consequences it may cause, but also provide comprehensive, multi-component interventions that include lifestyle changes, medication, and appropriate referrals for bariatric surgery when needed. Healthcare professionals must form a cooperative relationship with obese patients to ensure that the patients follow treatment protocols.
Can Oral Traditional Chinese Medicine Be a New Option for Improving Acute Radiation Dermatitis? A Case Report of a Breast Cancer Patient
Authors: Tsai Yun-Ning , Dai Ming-Shen , Lin Chun-Shu
Published: September 2024

Over 90% of cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy suffer from the distressing effects of acute radiation dermatitis (ARD), with breast cancer patients being particularly affected. Although there are conventional preventive, care, and treatment plans for ARD, there is still a need for improvement. The efficacy of oral application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating ARD is rarely discussed in existing medical literature. Here, we report the case of an 86-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast, who developed ARD 2 weeks after undergoing radiation therapy following surgery. Despite the use of conventional medications orally and topically, symptoms showed no significant improvement. After 2 months of oral TCM, the symptoms improved from Grade II to normal. This clinical case provides a new perspective that oral TCM can also improve ARD.
The Correlation of Global Burden of Vision Impairment and Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter
Authors: Abdolalizadeh Parya , Falavarjani Khalil Ghasemi
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To assess the correlation between the worldwide burden of vision impairment (VI) and fine particulate matter (PM) 2.5.

Methods:

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, global and national prevalence and disability-adjusted lost year (DALY) numbers and rates of total VI, glaucoma, cataract, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease database. The global and national levels of PM2.5 levels were also extracted. The main outcome measures were the correlation of PM2.5 levels with total VI and three ocular diseases in different age, sex, and socioeconomic subgroups.

Results:

In 2019, the worldwide prevalence of total VI and exposure level of PM2.5 was 9.6% (95% uncertainty interval: 8.0–11.3) and 42.5 μg/m3, respectively. The national age-standardized prevalence rates of total VI (r
p = 0.52, P < 0.001), glaucoma (r
p = 0.65, P < 0.001), AMD (r
p = 0.67, P < 0.001), and cataract (r
p = 0.44, P < 0.001) have a positive correlation with PM2.5 levels. In addition, the national age-standardized DALY rates of total VI (r
p = 0.62, P < 0.001), glaucoma (r
p = 0.62, P < 0.001), AMD (r
p = 0.54, P < 0.001), and cataract (r
p = 0.45, P < 0.001) significantly correlated with PM2.5 levels. The correlations remained significant in different age, sex, and sociodemographic subgroups.

Conclusion:

National prevalence rates of VI and three major ocular diseases correlate significantly with PM2.5 exposure levels, worldwide.
The Effect of Early Posttrabeculectomy Bleb Leakage on Surgical Outcome: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yadgari Maryam , Yazdani Maryam Oraee , Karbasi Pantea , Naseripour Mahya , Shojaei Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of early posttrabeculectomy bleb leakage on trabeculectomy surgery outcomes and success rate.

Methods:

The present prospective cohort study was conducted on 203 eyes of 203 patients who underwent trabeculectomy at Torfeh and Imam Hossein Medical Centers, Tehran, Iran, between 2016 and 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: those with early bleb leakage (within the 1st month of surgery) and those without bleb leakage. The success rate of surgery was compared 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery in the two groups. The average intraocular pressure (IOP) and the need for medications in patients 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after the trabeculectomy were also compared.

Results:

Bleb leakage was detected in 33 eyes during the 1st month after a trabeculectomy (16.3%). The mean decrease in IOP in the group with leakage was significantly lower than in patients without leakage at 1, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery (P < 0.05). The need for antiglaucoma medication was significantly higher among patients with bleb leakage at 3 months (P = 0.04) and 9 months (P = 0.047) after surgery (P < 0.05). The success rate at 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery was significantly lower in the group with leakage than the group without.

Conclusions:

The results of our study suggest that early posttrabeculectomy bleb leakage negatively impacts surgery success. Furthermore, IOP reduction was lower in patients with early leakage.
Cross-Sectional Study of Differences between Intraocular Pressure Measurements using Goldmann, iCare, and Air-Puff Tonometers and their Correlation with Central Corneal Thickness
Authors: Mandour Sameh Saad , Elframawy Ahmed , Murad Mohammad Moataz , Nage Sara Abd Elmegeed
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To investigate the agreement between the Goldmann tonometer (GAT), the air-puff tonometer, and the iCare tonometer in intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluation as well as their association with central corneal thickness (CCT) in normal participants, glaucoma patients, and patients following refractive surgery.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 204 eyes from 102 patients. The study consisted of three equal groups: group I (control group, n = 34), group II (glaucoma patients on medication, n = 34), and group III (refractive surgery patients, n = 34). All patients were subjected to examination (complete ocular examination, refraction, and IOP measurement).

Results:

A total of 102 participants were included in the study with both genders distributed equally. The mean ± standard deviation age was 44.12 ± 12.8 years in the control group while it was 46.29 ± 13.24 years in the glaucoma group and 40.68 ± 15.86 years in the refractive surgery group. Overall, there was a high correlation between the three methods. The mean IOP measured by GAT was 14.03 ± 3.43. The mean IOP measured by iCare was 15.16 ± 3.46. The mean IOP measured by air-puff was 16.66 ± 3.6. The iCare showed the most significant agreement with the GAT (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.985, P > 0.05) and the mean difference in IOP between GAT and iCare was 1.1 (95% limits of agreement, −0.62–+2.85 mmHg). The mean difference in IOP between iCare and air-puff was 1.5 and it was 2.6 between GAT and air-puff. There were no significant differences in IOP measurements between GAT and iCare tonometer or between iCare tonometer and air-puff in all groups (P > 0.05). However, there were significant differences in IOP measurements between GAT and air-puff in all groups (P < 0.001). The ICC between all studied methods was strong (ICC > 0.92 for all). Regarding CCT, the mean CCT was 517.14 ± 29.82 μm. There were significant positive correlations between increasing CCT and increasing IOP by GAT, iCare, and air-puff tonometer among the three groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

In conclusion, the iCare tonometer, specifically the iCare PRO RT model, is a reliable and efficient alternative instrument for assessing IOP. The IOP values obtained with the iCare PRO RT were found to be consistent with those obtained using the air-puff and GAT.
Low Ocular Perfusion Pressure Values at Rest and during Resistance Exercise in Offspring of Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Andrade Diana de Medeiros , Oliveira Jordane Benedito Vargas , Lacordia Marta Halfeld Ferrari Alves , Laterza Mateus Camaroti , Martinez Daniel Godoy
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To compare the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) response during physical exercise in individuals with and without a family history (FH+, FH−) of glaucoma.

Methods:

Thirty-four subjects, divided into FH+ and FH− groups, realized 3 min at rest, 3 min of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, followed by 3 min of recovery. Blood pressure (Dixtal® automatic device) and intraocular pressure (Goldmann applanation tonometer) were measured during rest, exercise, and recovery. The mean OPP (mOPP) was calculated.

Results:

In the FH+ group (17 subjects), baseline mOPP values were significantly lower than in the FH− group (17 subjects) (right eye: P < 0.001, left eye: P < 0.001, respectively). During exercise, both the FH+ and FH− groups showed a similar increase in mOPP in both eyes (right eye: FH+: 38 ± 4 mmHg vs. 51 ± 7 mmHg, FH−: 48 ± 5 mmHg vs. 57 ± 9 mmHg, P < 0.001; left eye: FH+: 39 ± 3 mmHg vs. 51 ± 7 mmHg; FH−: 46 ± 5 mmHg vs. 58 ± 8 mmHg, P < 0.001, respectively). However, the FH+ group maintained significantly lower mOPP values compared to the FH− group in the right and left eyes (group effect: P = 0.002, P = 0.002, respectively). The percentage of increase in mOPP in the FH+ group was greater compared to the FH− group during exercise (right eye: 34.1% ± 15.9% vs. 22.1% ± 13.2%, respectively; P = 0.025; left eye: 33.2% ± 17.7% vs. 22.4% ± 13.7%, respectively, P = 0.056).

Conclusions:

mOPP increased during physical exercise in both groups, but the FH+ group had lower absolute values. In addition, the FH+ group appears to demonstrate a higher percentage increase in mOPP compared to the FH− group.
Hypotony and Anterior Uveitis following Dual Therapy with Nivolumab and Ipilimumab for Metastatic Melanoma: A Case Report
Authors: Patil Nikhil S. , Dudok David , Khimdas Sarit
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To describe a rare case of hypotony and anterior uveitis following dual therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma.

Methods:

Case report.

Results:

Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old man taking nivolumab and ipilimumab dual therapy for BRAF+ (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) metastatic melanoma. After treatment for 3 months, he presented to the ophthalmology clinic with bilateral intraocular pressures of 1 mmHg, bilateral keratic precipitates, cataracts, posterior synechiae, and anterior chamber inflammation. He improved with topical medications and the cessation of immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

Immunotherapies are a novel class of chemotherapy that has increased in prevalence for the treatment of numerous malignancies. There are many rare complications from these medications that are sparsely reported. Knowledge of ocular hypotony as a potential consequence of nivolumab and ipilimumab is important, particularly as it may arise months after treatment initiation and necessitate immunotherapy cessation.
Water-Drinking Test in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Goud Abhilash , Sahoo Niroj Kumar , Rasheed Mohammed Abdul , Singh Sumit Randhir , Ankireddy Samatha , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Lupidi Marco , Chhablani Jay
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate choroidal changes in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients after water-drinking test (WDT).

Methods:

This prospective study included treatment-naïve acute and chronic CSCR eyes and healthy controls. Intraocular pressure and optical coherence tomography measurements with choroidal vascular index (CVI) measurements were done at baseline. Patients were asked to drink 1 L of water, and tests were repeated at 15, 30, and 45 min.

Results:

Fifty-six eyes from 42 patients were enrolled. Choroidal area, luminal area, and stromal area were higher at baseline in eyes with acute CSCR compared to healthy controls. Chronic CSCR eyes showed an increase in choroidal area and stromal area and a decrease in the luminal area at 15 min. There was a significant decrease in CVI at 30 and 45 min in chronic CSCR and CVI at 45 min in fellow eyes of acute CSCR. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant change in central macular thickness in acute CSCR, choroidal thickness in fellow eyes of acute CSCR, stromal area, and total choroidal area in chronic CSCR. Mixed model ANOVA showed that the change in various choroidal parameters seen had no interaction with the eye type.

Conclusion:

Although change in various parameters was seen in acute CSCR, chronic CSCR, and fellow eyes of acute CSCR following WDT, the change was not significantly different among the groups.
A Case of Infantile Cataract and Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Authors: Maamouri Rym , Ferchichi Molka , Chehida Amel Ben , Cheour Monia
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To describe a case of lamellar cataract in a child with a history of neonatal hypoglycemia and illustrate the importance of meticulous history-taking in children with cataracts, especially before planning surgery.

Methods:

A single case report.

Results:

A 7-year-old girl with a history of neonatal hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis with high suspicion of a primary defect in ketone body utilization who presented with bilateral progressive blurred vision. Her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/200 in her right eye (OD) and 20/400 in her left eye (OS). Slit-lamp examination showed the presence of bilateral dense lamellar cataract. Fundus examination was unremarkable in both eyes (OU). She underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation under general anesthesia without prolonged fasting. Final BCVA was 20/82 in OD and 20/63 in OS.

Conclusion:

Our aim through this case is to emphasize the importance to screen for episodes of hypoglycemic attacks in children with infantile cataracts.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration Prevalence and its Risk Factors in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Panahi Parsa , Kabir Ali , Falavarjani Khalil Ghasemi
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To estimate the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and determine its risk factors in Iran.

Methods:

A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with no restrictions on time or language of publication. Eleven studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included. Six studies with a total sample size of 9930 were included in the meta-analysis to calculate the overall prevalence of AMD in Iran. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata/MP version 15.0. Risk of bias assessment was carried out based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Results:

All participants in the studies were over 40 years old. The pooled prevalence of AMD was estimated to be 9.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.3%–13.5%). After accounting for publication bias, this estimated decreased to 6.4% (95% CI: 4%–10.2%). Smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 1.781; 95% CI: 1.152–2.756), hypertension (HTN) (OR: 1.512; 95% CI: 1.119–2.044), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR: 1.545; 95% CI: 1.088–2.194), and hyperlipidemia (OR: 1.512; 95% CI: 1.055–2.165) were identified as AMD risk factors.

Conclusion:

Based on the results of the present review, the prevalence of AMD in the Iranian population over 40 years of age is estimated to be 6.4%, and having a history of smoking, HTN, DM, and hyperlipidemia are identified as risk factors of AMD in Iran. Further original studies are needed to draw more accurate conclusions.
Dolutegravir-Associated Hyperglycemia in a Patient on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies
Authors: Adeyeye Abosede Grace , Adeyeye Victor Oladeji
Published: September 2024

Highly active antiretroviral medications have been reported to cause hyperglycaemia in the literature especially the protease inhibitor. We however report a case of dolutegravir-associated hyperglycaemia which is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor.
Prevalence of Depression among Clinical Medical Students at a Tertiary Health Facility in Jos, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ahangba Adamgbe Moses , Joshua Okpanachi , Misbah Naiya Zainab , Uzochukwu Chinweuba Francis , Dhikirullah Yusuf , Aboki Eko Anthony , Ibu Ogbaji Ferdinand
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Depression is a common mental health disorder, affecting about 5% of adults worldwide. University students and medical students are at risk of coming down with depression and this may be so because of the academic work load and pressure that come with the learning environment in our tertiary health institutions. Other sociodemographic factors may also predispose these students to depression, thus affecting their academic performance and quality of life.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and severity of depression among clinical medical students at the College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Jos, Nigeria using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study carried out on clinical medical students of the CHS, University of …, Nigeria. The students were selected through a multistage sampling technique and PHQ-9 questionnaire administered electronically. Data were analysed using the SPSS version 25.0. Depression was diagnosed when a student scored ≥10. The Chi-square test was used to analyse the sociodemographics and P < 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 247 students with a median age of 27.6 years responded to the study. The prevalence of depression was found to be 24.7%; more among fourth year clinical students and students within the age group of 20–24 years. Depression was statistically significant among females and most severe in them too.

Conclusion:

The above findings could stimulate institutional measures that are geared toward reducing the burden of depression among clinical medical students and this may help to improve their mental health and overall academic performance.
Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Discharged COVID-19 Patients from Isolation Centers in North-Central, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tungchama Friday Philip , Gomerep Simji Samuel , Maigari Yusufu Taru , Akogun Margret , Bako Amabu Enoch , Nwoga Charles Nnemeka , Ajuma Ebiloma Christiana , Amupitan Emmanuel Tope , Shehu Nathan Yakubu
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an unprecedented number of people to be isolated and this negatively impacted on manifestations of various anxiety and depressive symptoms. Our study determined the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the associated sociodemographic and clinical factors among discharged COVID-19 patients in North-Central, Nigeria.

Methods:

One hundred and sixteen discharged COVID-19 patients were assessed in a cross-sectional study during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria. The age, gender, educational level, length of stay in isolation, and presence of symptoms of COVID-19 were assessed with a semi-structured questionnaire designed by the authors. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 was used to assess for the symptoms of anxiety and depression among participants.

Results:

The mean age was 38.7 ± 14.6 years. More men (59%) were assessed with 67.2% of the participants “ever married,” and 43% had tertiary education. Voluntary admission was 62% and about 14% had symptoms of COVID-19. Forty-three percent had stayed for more than 10 days. The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression was 17.2% and 9.5%, respectively, with 10.3% having combined symptoms. No significant association between the various sociodemographic and clinical factors, with symptoms of anxiety, except for the female gender which was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (P = 0.026).

Conclusion:

Isolation and COVID-19 impact on the manifestation of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms should be integrated into the comprehensive psychological management of patients, especially for epidemic-prone diseases like COVID-19 that are associated with stigma.
Pattern and Outcome of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu: A Setting of West African Sub-region
Authors: Amah Christopher C. , Adiele Daberechi Kenneth , Chigbo Nnenna N. , Nwankwo Elochukwu , Obianyo Ijeoma , Anekwu Emelie M. , Lasebikan Nwamaka N. , Obianyo Nene
Published: September 2024

Background:

Paediatric cardiac surgery is highly challenging, especially in resource-limited economy like ours. The burden of heart diseases in children is huge and increasing thus, the need to audit the bold step resumed by our center in the last 5 years.

Objective:

To determine the pattern and outcome of Paediatric open heart surgeries done in a tertiary hospital of West African sub-region.

Methodology:

Descriptive, cross-sectional study where medical records of all Paediatric Open Heart Surgeries done in our centre from March 2013 to July 2018 (five year period) were reviewed. We looked at pre-operative and post-operative outcome measures and compared our outcome variables with international best practices outcome.

Results:

A total of 73 children had open heart surgery within the above period. Age group Ranged from infants to adolescents with almost equal sex distribution. The mean parental age was 37 years. About 20 different procedures were done with more of ventricular septal defect closure and total correction of tetralogy of Fallot. Combined two or three procedures in a patient were done in 33 (45.21%) patients. The mean bypass time was 70.98 min, mean duration on ventilator 2.4 days, mean duration on inotropes 5.5 days, and mean duration of intensive care unit stay was 7.53 days. Blood transfusion was given in 38 (52.08%) patients. Discharge in good condition in 89.04% patients, whereas 6.9% had mortality.

Conclusion:

Despite the efforts of our foreign collaborators, there is still a yearning need for intersectoral involvement to enshrine routine open heart surgery and cardiac intervention services by training and retraining of local capacity.
Use of Technologies in Music Therapy Clinical Practice
Authors: Shah Binal , Mukherjee Baishali , Sundar Sumathy
Published: September 2024

Music therapy, an innovative treatment, is a proven complementary therapy that incorporates the nature and potential of music to promote individuals’ health and recovery from disease at emotional, superfluous, cognitive, and physiological levels. The objective of this literature review is to examine the adoption of technologies in music therapy starting with easy use and moving to improved benefits. A narrative review method was used in this study recognizing a broad range of scholarly articles, product literature and research papers adopting systematic method while stressing on the applicability of the technological solutions in clinical care settings. The review shows that it is possible to use musical instrument digital interface devices, speech-based emotion recognition, room acoustic measurement software, as well as applications for interactive music composing to increase the effectiveness of music therapy. For example, interactive audio visual (AV) systems and music identification (MID) will enable the clinicians to create patient’s profile; on the other hand, adaptive musical instruments and motion sensing interface will allow patients with physical impairment to play an active role in musical performance. The conclusions underline the possibilities of using applications for training metronome for gait, a speech-emotion recognition tool for monitoring patients’ states, and video analysis for assessing session effectiveness. However, these developments clearly depict some impediments which hinder the entrance of these technologies in areas such as India due to ignorance, high costs, and op tilting towards resistance. In conclusion, one can state that although the new technologies are the valuable potential in changing the stream of music therapy where effective and efficient therapeutic approaches are in high demand, further intensity of efforts and actions to spread awareness, make therapies affordable and integrate into the clinical and educational practice is needed. The consequent of this review is to provide for further programs in research toward formation of more cultured and easily reachable technicalities of the musical therapy so as to improve the medical benefits of music therapy.
Edible Nanoparticles – An Overview
Authors: Moncy Achala Theres P. , Selvasudha Nandakumar , Vasanthi A. Hannah Rachel
Published: September 2024

Edible nanoparticles (ENPs) are exosome-like membrane-bound vesicles released by plants enriched with lipids, proteins, microRNAs, and other bio-actives from the source plant. This review outlines the info on ENPs till date. A thorough search was conducted in several databases, including Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed. Exosomes, edible nanoparticles, and nanocarriers were the search terms. ENPs remained unknown for several decades and are recently gaining wide attention due to their immense therapeutic potential in treating various diseases like cancer and intestinal and metabolic disorders. ENPs can be used in nanomedicines as it is used as nanocarriers to deliver drugs and other molecules, including chemotherapeutic agents, short interfering RNA, DNA vectors, and peptide sequences. Different cells take them up due to their safety and better bioavailability profiles than all other nanoparticles. Although the number of plants from which the ENPs are isolated is limited, there is still a lack of sufficient knowledge about their characteristics and immense potential. The new methods for the large-scale and cost-effective isolation of ENPs have to be optimized for their wholesome use as therapeutics.
Psychological Perspectives in Dietetics: Enhancing Healthy Eating Habits – A Clinical Review
Authors: Mani Sudha
Published: September 2024

Diet influences man’s lives in aspects of physic, mental, and emotional wellness. Healthy nutrition will go a long way in eliminating chronic diseases such as heart ailments and diabetes, whereas unhealthy food intake defined by improper diets will trigger diseases such as malnutrition and obesity. Thus, nutrition is indispensable and, together with activity, rest, stress management, and abstinence from risky behaviors, is one of the key elements for health. As a science, dietetics focuses on the relationship of diet and health through making good food choices, using psychological principles aimed at improving the eating behaviors and patterns. Stress and mood are two of the most notable psychological aspects that are likely to affect the dietary behavior of the person; therefore, psychological theories are crucial in shaping dietetics. The psychological techniques that can be used to encourage people to adopt healthy eating habits include positive psychology interventions, mindfulness techniques, and cognitive behavioral therapy. The theory that will be discussed in detail is Alber Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory which focuses on a reciprocal process of influences of behavior. The social learning behavior theory postulates that people acquire proper eating habits by watching and imitating the behaviors of other people. Prochaska and DiClemente’s Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change explains how diets might influence behavior change. According to Deci and Ryan, Self-Determination Theory is essential in changing behavior with high emphasis on motivation and autonomy and hence essential in encouraging dietary compliance. Meditation therapy is used in dietetics to enhance the eating habits and general health. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is used for eliminating or changing negative perceptions and patterns of behavior with regard to eating, especially in cases of eating disorders. Positive psychology strategies aim to enhance people’s well-being and promote dietary compliance. In conclusion, it can be stated that various aspects of psychology are embodied in the dietetics that contribute to the change of people’s eating habits and healthy living. Interventions increasing dietary compliance which are based on the theories are the Social Cognitive Theory, The Theory of Planned Behavior, Self-Determination Theory, and positive psychology. Knowledge and application of these psychological theories in dietetics gives health benefits to those who embraces the dietetics intervention.
SJLA_2024_A10: Short Versus Long Duration of Antibiotics in Penetrating Abdominal Trauma: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Al Sharqi Ali , Al Farii Humaid , Al Shehhi Ruqaiya , Al Khaboori Sadiq , Al Qadhi Hani
Published: September 2024

Objective:

The objective of the study was to determine whether a short course (within 24 h) of antibiotics is as effective as a long course (5 days) in preventing operative surgical site infection in patients with penetrating abdominal injury. In addition, the secondary outcome is to examine the effect of antibiotic duration on the mortality rate.

Data Source:

A comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) until January 2024 comparing a short course (within 24 h) versus a long course (5 days) of antibiotics in preventing postoperative surgical site infection.

Study Selection:

Inclusion criteria were English-only studies, and the type of studies was restricted to randomized controlled trials.

Data Extraction:

Two authors independently extracted data from the selected studies, and the data collected were compared to verify agreement.

Data Synthesis:

Postoperative surgical site infection in patients with penetrating abdominal trauma was the primary outcome evaluated in each study. Studies were weighed by the inverse of the variance of the outcome, and a fixed-effects model was used for all analyses.

Conclusion:

Based on the available literature on the duration of antibiotics for penetrating abdominal injury with or without associated hollow viscus injury, it can be concluded that a short-course antibiotic (within 24 h) is as effective as a longer course (5 days) to be given for a patient with penetrating abdominal injury to prevent postoperative surgical site infection.
SJLA_2024_A15: Inguinal Lymphangioma in an Adult Patient Mimicking an Irreducible Inguinal Hernia
Authors: AlSinan M , Aljoaib Abdulsalam , Alkhaldi May S. , Alghazwi Abdulaziz , AlSinan Mohammed Ali Fatima M
Published: September 2024

Background:

Lymphangiomas are rare benign vascular malformations of the lymphatic system. It is usually located in the head, neck, and axilla and is typically present during the first 2 years of life. A few cases of inguinal lymphangioma have been reported in adults.

Methods:

Case report.

Discussion:

Lymphangioma rarely occurs in the inguinal region, presenting a diagnostic challenge as it mimics various inguinal conditions. Differential diagnoses include inguinal hernia, hydrocele of the cord, lymphadenopathy, or hematoma. Imaging is used to determine the size, invasion, relation to surrounding structures, and extension to the abdominal cavity. Magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic modality of choice in nonemergency settings. Complete surgical excision is the gold standard for the management with the lowest risk of recurrence. Alternative non-surgical treatment options have been used successfully in poor surgical candidates. Different sclerosing agents have been used with low complications and rates of recurrence. Ethanol is a widely available sclerosing agent, and it was used with no recurrence or side effects during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

Surgeons should have a high index of suspicion when investigating any inguinal mass, considering such a rare presentation as part of the differential. Sclerotherapy is an effective treatment for lymphangioma and should be considered as an alternative modality in nonsurgical candidates.
SJLA_2024_A4: Surgical Outcomes and Stoma-related Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bin Traiki Thamer A. , Alshammari Sulaiman A. , Abdulla Mansoor A. , Aldarsouni Fayez G. , Alhassan Noura S. , Abdullah Maha-Hamdien , Alqahtani Awadh , Alkhayal Khayal A.
Published: September 2024

Background:

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s (C), and ulcerative colitis (UC) has increased in Saudi Arabia during the past decade. Even though medical treatment is first-line therapy, most patients require surgery during the course of the disease. Stoma-creation complications in IBD are underreported in the literature of the Middle East, especially in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to report the postoperative, stoma and peristomal complications following stoma creation in (C) versus UC.

Design:

The study design was a retrospective cohort study.

Settings:

The study was conducted at tertiary care center.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with IBD who underwent stoma creation for either UC or CD between August 2015 and July 2020 were included. The diseases were compared to assess their characteristics and association with postoperative, stoma, and peristomal complications. All complications were reported over a 90-day duration from the surgery. Patients younger than 14 years of age were excluded.

Main Outcome Measures:

Postoperative complications, stoma, and peristomal complications in IBD patients who underwent stoma creation.

Sample Size:

Fifty.

Results:

Of 50 IBD patients underwent stoma creation, 32 patients (64%) were diagnosed with CD and 18 patients (36%) with UC. Most of the procedures in both groups were laparoscopic and elective. Low body mass index and serum albumin were more prevalent in the CD group. Postoperative complications were higher in the CD patients compared to the UC patients (CD 40.6% vs. UC 11.1%, P = 0.028) with the most common complication being abdominal collection(a). Stoma complications were comparable between the two groups (UC 16.7% vs. CD 15.6%). However, peristomal complications were higher clinically in UC patients in comparison with the CD patients (UC 61.1% vs. CD 37.5% P = 0.095) with the most common complication being skin excoriation (UC 44.4% vs. CD 37.5%).

Conclusion:

CD has significantly higher postoperative complications compared to UC. Peristomal complications were high in both groups and had a negative impact on quality of life. Therefore, comprehensive stoma education and regular outpatient follow-ups are recommended to improve the overall outcomes.

Limitations:

This study was retrospective and conducted in one academic institution with a small sample size.
Risk of Neglected Zoonotic Malaria in Western Ghats: How the Ecosystem Favors Transmission of an Impending Public Health Threat
Authors: Karumuthil Tulasi , Eapen Alex
Published: September 2024

The threat of zoonotic malaria remains largely overlooked in India, particularly in regions such as the Western Ghats (WG), a biodiversity hotspot. The WG has diverse species of non-human primates that serve as reservoir hosts for simian malaria parasites. The presence of the Leucosphyrus group of mosquitoes and other vectors of human malaria makes WG vulnerable to the risk of parasite spillover. Natural and anthropogenic factors have contributed to rampant changes in the WG landscape, leading to increased interaction with the sylvatic hosts and vectors. The simian host–human–vector–environment interactions govern the transmission dynamics of zoonotic malaria; however, our knowledge of these interlinkages, encompassing the effect of anthropogenic disruptions in the WG is limited. The impending threat of zoonotic malaria in India could decelerate progress toward malaria elimination, warranting a comprehensive and systematic investigation of disease dynamics in the WG.
Serum Proteomic Predictors of Calcification of Solitary Cysticercus Granuloma
Authors: Pamela Betcy Evangeline , Thamizhmaran Subashini , Jackson Elias , Vasudevan Prabhakaran , Moorthy Ranjith K. , Manoj Josephin , Thanigachalam Anupriya , Drevets Douglas A. , Carabin Hélène , Oommen Anna , Rajshekhar Vedantam
Published: September 2024

Solitary cysticercus granulomas (SCG), prevalent among Indian patients with new-onset seizures, either resolve completely or transform into calcified granulomas. This study aimed to identify serum proteins through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry that could predict calcification of SCGs in 20 patients with SCG with at least 6-months of follow-up. At a median follow-up of 14 months, the SCG had calcified (n = 5), resolved (n = 11), or persisted (n = 4). Two serum proteins, ECM1 and MST1, were present in significantly higher serum concentrations, and AZGP1 in significantly lower concentration in subjects with calcifying SCGs than in those with lesions that resolved or persisted. On multivariate analysis, only ECM1 (odds ratio: 1.7, 95% CI: 0–2.8) and MST1 (odds ratio: 3.3, 95% CI: 0–4.1) were independent predictors of calcification of SCG. Combining elevated levels of serum ECM1 and MST1 had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100% in differentiating granulomas that calcified from those that resolved/persisted. Increased expression of serum ECM1 and MST1 in patients with SCG might predict calcification.
Tool, Stripper, Electrical Insulation, General Specification For
Authors:   AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Published: September 2024

This specification covers design requirements, performance requirements, and methods of procurement for tools and associated accessories used to strip aerospace vehicle electrical wire and cable. Aerospace vehicle electrical wire has stranded conductors with protective plating and specialized insulation. Poor quality wire strippers or mismatched blades can compromise the performance of wiring.
Additive manufacturing — a new vector in the production and repair of rolling stock
Authors: Kuzmichev E. N. , Nikitin D. N. , Drozdov E. A.
Published: September 2024

The influence of the fourth industrial revolution, known as Industry 4.0, on modern industrial production and social life is analyzed. The main advantages of Industry 4.0 are presented, such as increasing productivity and occupational safety, developing new products and materials, as well as increasing the competitiveness of products. Special attention is paid to additive technologies and their role in modern engineering within the framework of the Industry 4.0 concept. The methods of additive technologies, their classification by materials and production methods, as well as their various applications in various industries are described in detail. An example of the successful use of additive technologies is presented on the example of JSC Uralvagonzavod Scientific and Production Corporation, where molds and rods for casting parts with high speed and quality are created using 3D printers. The project of introducing 3D printers into the service depots of the directorate of motor car rolling stock of JSC Russian Railways is considered, with an emphasis on the economic and temporary benefits from the use of additive technologies. The concept of introducing additive technologies in the maintenance and repair of rolling stock involves the creation of support depots on the railway network of JSC Russian Railways. In conclusion, the importance of training highly qualified specialists in the field of additive technologies and the need to develop educational programs to train future employees capable of solving complex tasks of creating and applying new industrial technologies is presented. Special attention is paid to synergetic approaches in education to combine learning with scientific activity and the creation of innovative technological solutions.
DIVERSITY AND REGENERATION OF WOODY PLANTS OF LOGONE BIRNI FLOODPLAIN VEGETATION IN THE FAR NORTH REGION OF CAMEROON
Authors:   University of Maroua, EVELE MOCTAR SASSOUANG , BOUROU SALI ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), VALERY NOIHA NOUMI ,   University of Bertoua, TCHOBSALA TCHOBSALA ,   University of Maroua
Published: September 2024

This study aims to contribute to the conservation and sustainable management of the Logone-Birni floodplains in Cameroon. In total, 27 plots of 100 m x 100 m plots of were laid out in 3 land use types (protected area, grazing area and agricultural area). Within each plot, all woody individuals having ≥ 10 cm circumference at breast height (> 1.3 m) were identified, and all the stems with a circumference ≤ 10 cm were considered as seedlings. A total of 43 timber species belonging to 35 genera and 21 families were harvested. Shannon-Weaver diversity ranged from 1.77-2.39 and the Pielou equitability index from 0.84-0.88 with low values in agricultural areas and higher values in protected and grazing areas. The distribution of stems according to diameter and height showed that all stands exhibit classic exponential decay distribution ‘‘L’’ or ‘‘J’’ inverted, reflecting the predominance of individuals with small diameters. The regeneration rates of the stand vary from 0.81 to 51.56%, indicating a difficult regeneration due partly to anthropogenic activities. It also appears that given the low diversity and the difficult regeneration of the stand, it is important, even crucial, to manage this plain to ensure the conservation and sustainable management of the biological resources that it hosts.
MOBILITY ISSUES AMONG THE ELDERLY IN KOTA KINABALU, SABAH: AN INITIAL STUDY
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, MOHD NOOR HARIFAH , MD RAMLI ADILAH ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, FOO JURRY ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, LADIN MOHD AZIZUL ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, MARZUKI MAZDI ,   Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, AI JING CHAI ,   Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Published: September 2024

Ageing has become an issue of concern in developing countries such as Malaysia. Senior citizens are still able to contribute to employment, albeit with mobility demands. The purpose of this study is to explore mobility issues among the elderly. This study used a mixed-method approach. Purposive sampling survey forms were delivered to 644 people aged 60 years and above. The study interviewed three informants to support the research’s findings. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential approaches such as percentages, mean scores and cross-tabulation. The results revealed that health had become a major mobility issue. Their limited access to public transport and unfamiliarity with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has limited their choices of transportation such as e-hailing services. Most have strong support from their families or children to reach their destinations. However, not all elderly have access to a private car and do not live with children or other family members. The challenge is to improve public transit and enhance ICT usage to meet the mobility needs of the elderly. The findings can be utilised to generate ideas for local authorities and various agencies to develop policies and strategies to satisfy the mobility needs of the elderly.
UNLOCKING EFFICIENCY: TAMING WATERHAMMER THROUGH FLASH STEAM UTILIZATION AND DILIGENT STEAM TRAP CARE
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Serbia, Antić Milica M.
Published: September 2024

In pursuit of resource conservation, emission reduction, and cost minimization, prioritizing system energy efficiency is essential. Condensate return systems, often overlooked in efficiency improvement efforts, are susceptible to undersized pipe diameters and subsequent waterhammer events due to misconceptions about their operation. This paper addresses the detrimental effects of waterhammer caused by steam leakage due to improper maintenance practices and flashing condensate, highlighting the importance of recognizing condensate return lines as two-phase flow systems. The implementation of a flash vessel to separate flash steam from condensate is proposed as a solution to mitigate steam-induced waterhammer. Furthermore, the utilization of separated flash steam combines the objectives of system preservation and energy efficiency enhancement. This paper will cover the techno-economic analysis of implementing flash vessels and preventive steam trap maintenance. Through a comprehensive examination of system dynamics and practical recommendations, this paper advocates for the integration of flash steam technology to enhance the performance and longevity of condensate return systems.
Dampak Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Herbal, dalam Pertumbuhan Jemaat di GKII Yerusalem Bambisik di Daerah Wosak.
Authors: Baye Bore , Bayage Per , Suparno Jaka
Published: September 2024

Dampak penggunaan alat kontrasepsi herbal merupakan dampak positif dan negatif pada Pertumbuhan angka kelahiran yang tidak sebanding dengan daerah lain selain daerah Wosak di Kabupaten Nduga dan seluruh tanah papua berdampak pada kondisi pertumbuhan Jemaat atau masyarakat. Untuk itu BKKBN (Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional) gencar melakukan pelbagai bentuk promosi program Keluarga Berencana (KB) guna menekan angka keguguran kelahiran anak demi tercapainya keluarga sejahtera. Penelitian ini berupaya melihat asosiasi antara promosi program KB dengan penggunaan alat kontrasepsi pertumbuhan Jemaat GKII Yerusalem Bambisik di daerah Wosak. Warga Jemaat Gereja yang bercirikan etnis terterntu, di wilayah daerah Wosak. Dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling, kuesioner disebarkan kepada 195 responden warga jemaat yang berusia 20-44 tahun. Dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana, didapat hasil bahwa ada hubungan yang sangat kuat antara promosi program KB dan perilaku penggunaan alat kontrasepsi Herbal