bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
European Music and Dances
Authors: Vézina Caroline
Published: May 2023

Carnival and balls were very popular among all social classes, free or enslaved, before and after the Civil War, providing work for many Creole musicians. Concerts and opera were also popular and, in the 1830s, a Société Philharmonique was founded by Creoles of Color (as they were then called), while Edmond Dédé, Lucien and Sydney Lambert, Samuel Snaër, and Basile Barès emerged as talented Black and Creole composers. Inspired by Creole songs he had heard a child, Louis Moreau Gottschalk (a White Creole, 1829–1869) composed pieces, such as the Louisiana quartet in which he used the habanera and other syncopated rhythms, that are now generally considered as precursors of ragtime—and by extension, early jazz. Military music also provided working opportunities for Creole soldiers and musicians, and paved the way to many brass bands active in New Orleans after the Civil War.
Early Jazz Creole Musicians
Authors: Vézina Caroline
Published: May 2023

This chapters outlines the lives a few Creole musicians that played a significant role in the development of jazz at the turn of the twentieth century. Among many others were Louis “Papa” Tio and his nephew, Lorenzo Tio Jr., who both belong to a family of influential clarinetists and teachers whose musical history can be traced back to the war of 1812; Jelly Roll Morton, pianist, composer, arranger, and bandleader considered to be the first jazz composer, who used what he called the “Spanish Tinge” and held a 1938 interview for the Library of Congress; Edward “Kid” Ory, trombonist, bandleader and composer, influential in the earlier career of Louis Armstrong; Lizzie Miles, one of the first touring and recording blues/jazz singer; and Sidney Bechet, who largely contributed to the development of jazz saxophone and the diffusion of jazz in Europe and the (then) USSR.
Epilogue
Authors: Vézina Caroline
Published: May 2023

In 2016, as I was getting ready to read, listen, transcribe, and analyze the recordings, interviews, articles, and books I had gathered so far, Danny Barker’s autobiography, A Life in Jazz, was reissued by The Historic New Orleans Collection. Through his mother Rose Barbarin, Barker was born in this influential family of Creole early jazz musicians. Radio host Gwen Thompkins, who wrote the introduction, jumped on the occasion to record a show—“Remembering Danny Barker”—for her weekly program ...
Introduction
Authors: Sellars Jeff
Published: May 2023

The introduction lays the foundation for the book, which seeks to provide a broad examination of The Band and their work through multiple disciplines. The essays to follow are briefly described and a general overview of The Band’s history is given. The essays will follow The Band from their origins with Ronnie Hawkins as The Hawks to their tour with Bob Dylan to the filming of The Last Waltz.
Honky-Tonk Hawkin’
Authors: Thompson Toby
Published: May 2023

Thompson explores The Band’s roots on the bar circuit and the bar scene’s influence on the group’s music. He does this by detailing The Band’s early history as The Hawks and noting the musical influences both The Band and Bob Dylan were exposed to.
Big Sound from Big Pink
Authors: Sellars Jeff
Published: May 2023

This chapter from editor Jeff Sellars explores the cultural influence of Music from Big Pink and The Band’s recording techniques on that album. Stating that, “in many ways, Music from Big Pink was a response to the general fatigue of the times,” the author suggests that the record “was different from popular music records that immediately preceded it,” deliberately diverging in its sound, technique, structure, and lyrics. Sellars also brings in the cultural context of hippie culture and the Vietnam War, which both contributed to an era of disillusionment in the 1960s, spurring experimentation in music.
“Caught in the Spotlight”
Authors: Warne Jude
Published: May 2023

Jude Warne’s contribution looks at performance anxiety in Stage Fright. Warne emphasizes the dangers and emptiness of success and manifestations of this in the group’s music and lyrics. Multiple songs from the album are discussed in detail, exploring the themes of disillusionment, anxiety, and fear within the music and lyrics.
Loud Prayers
Authors: Neece Kevin C.
Published: May 2023

Kevin C. Neece’s “Loud Prayers: Communion, Transcendence, and the Blues in Scorsese’s The Last Waltz” analyzes the “religious urge” found in the film The Last Waltz. The chapter begins with a discussion of Scorsese’s films, including Taxi Driver, and their religious influences and undertones. The chapter the analyzes the religious influences and connections in The Band’s performance in The Last Waltz.
Authentic Emotion
Authors: Dubrofsky Rachel E.
Published: May 2023

The chapter unpacks how affect, as unmediated, spontaneous and irrepressible, is problematically central in presentations of authenticity in popular culture. The work outlines how seeing surveillance as culture, as embedded into how we understand aspects of culture, and as inferentially present even when in a context where surveillance is not present, helps an understanding of how current popular media, such as reality TV and social media, have impacted notions of authenticity, and ultimately, whiteness. The chapter looks at how self-reflexivity can be used to present someone as having an inner authentic (good) core that is separate, different, and more stable than the things one says and does. The larger aim of the book is to unravel how whiteness functions in the mundane aspects of everyday life, and the subtle and implicit ways it is embedded into the media that surround us, including media that presents as political and anti-racist.
Rugs, Guitars, and Fiddling
Authors: Goertzen Chris
Published: May 2023

What do exotic Mexican area rugs, handcrafted steel-string guitars, and American fiddling have in common today? Many contemporary tradition bearers embrace complexity in form and content. They construct objects and performances that draw on the past and evoke nostalgia effectively but also reward close attention. In Rugs, Guitars, and Fiddling: Intensification and the Rich Modern Lives of Traditional Arts, the author argues that this entails three types of change that gather under an umbrella term: intensification. First, traditional creativity can be intensified through virtuosity—doing hard things fluently. Second, intensification can be through addition, through packing lots of traditional content into conventionally sized packages. Third, in intensification through selection, artistic impact can grow even if amount of information recedes by emphasizing compelling ideas—e. g., crafting a threatening red and black viper rather than a pretty duck decoy featuring more colors and contours.
Rugs handwoven in southern Mexico, luthier-made guitars, and southern US fiddle styles experience parallel changes, absorbing just enough of the flavors, dynamics, and rhythms of modern life to reshape inherited folklore for wide celebration today. New mosaics of details and skeins of nuances don’t transform craft into esoteric fine art, but rather enlist the twists and turns and endless variety of the contemporary world therapeutically, helping transform our daily chaos into parades of negotiable jigsaw puzzles. Intensification helps make crafts and traditional performances more accessible and understandable and thus more effective, bringing past and present closer together, helping folk arts continue to perform their magic today.
Introduction
Authors: Goertzen Chris
Published: May 2023

During a year living and teaching in Norway, the author noticed that Norwegian fiddling (on the regular fiddle—shaped like a violin—rather than the more distinctively Norwegian Hardanger fiddle) was getting increasing complicated. This observation led to the beginning of an analysis of just how Norwegian fiddling was getting showier—through the intertwined concepts of intensification through virtuosity, addition and selection—and wondering if this analysis could be more broadly applied. The principles discussed are illustrated by transcriptions of a pair of recorded performances that are easy for readers to find and hear.
Weekend Sounds
Authors: Goertzen Chris
Published: May 2023

Since the beginning of commercial recording of American fiddling, performances of southern American fiddle tunes have gradually but dramatically gotten more complex, more intensified through increased virtuosity and in choices of repertoire and of versions of pieces. As this took place, public performances of fiddling shifted from mostly serving dances to festivals and contests. The principles discussed are illustrated in several series of detailed music transcriptions (of performances easy to find and convenient to listen to).
Intensified But Traditional
Authors: Goertzen Chris
Published: May 2023

This chapter is one of synthesis, exploring the ardent “testimony” of Oaxacan rugs, luthier-made steel string guitars, and southern folk fiddle performances. Changes in these three folk arts traced congruent paths in the operation of the processes grouped under the umbrella term intensification. But the results remain idiosyncratic, because such changes suit and express central values of the different cultures in which these traditional expressions are embedded, and also responding to the essential natures of specific genres of cultural expression. The parallels in content that remain illustrate parallel input of nostalgia-fueled romanticism plus parallels in rationing content and shaping the objects and performances. This combination of factors continues to help traditional expressive culture to flourish in the early decades of the twentieth-first century.
Educação política, democracia e direitos humanos: diálogos com a cidadania ativa e consciente nas eleições políticas no Brasil
Authors: Moura e Braga Renato Albuquerque , Gomes Filho Elvis Marques , Oliveira Geovana Maria de , Figueiredo Luciano Silva
Published: May 2023

O Brasil vive hoje uma crise política e educacional, em que ambas se relacionam de forma direta e preocupante. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as relações sociojurídicas existentes entre: uma educação focada em aspectos jurídicos e políticos da vida em sociedade; uma cidadania que fuja do simples direito ao voto e alcance a esfera da cidadania ativa, na qual o indivíduo é parte central no movimento da comunidade; e a garantia dos direitos humanos e de uma consequente vida digna para todo e qualquer indivíduo. Se fará uso de uma pesquisa qualitativa e explicativa. Assim sendo, o seguinte trabalho tem como escopo contribuir para uma reflexão sobre o papel da educação na construção de um cidadão participativo, que é uma parte necessária na implementação de uma democracia.
La crisis, los culpables y las soluciones: el surgimiento del sistema de desarrollo profesional docente en Chile
Authors: Farfán Víctor Manuel Figueroa
Published: May 2023

La investigación analizó críticamente el Sistema de Desarrollo Profesional Docente en Chile. El proyecto de ley fue resistido por gran parte del profesorado del sector público y por un grupo académicos progresistas, en general, debido a que dicha política pública formaba parte de la estrategia neoliberal, a pesar de ser promovida por un gobierno de centroizquierda. Un aspecto clave fue el reconocer la estructura argumentativa que nos habla de la existencia de una crisis, de los culpables y de las soluciones, principalmente, en la prensa, lo que repercutió en la discusión parlamentaria. La investigación se orientó por un posicionamiento epistemológico crítico-analítico. El análisis de fuentes se llevó a cabo a través de la metodología de análisis documental y el análisis crítico del contenido.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Richter Leonice Matilde , Souza Vilma Aparecida de , Souza Raquel Aparecida
Published: May 2023

O presente Número da Revista Educação e Políticas em Debate (REPOD) conta com artigos de livre demanda, publicados na seção Demanda Contínua e com o Dossiê intitulado “Estado e Políticas Educacionais na América Latina: configurações atuais". Por meio do Dossiê a REPOD anseia contribuir com o debate oferecendo ao(à) leitor(a) publicações que versam sobre as políticas educacionais na América Latina, ainda que, tal intento seja carregado de limitações, pois, como pondera César Tello em entrevista publicado no Dossiê, ao avaliar as recorrências nos estudos referentes às reformas educacionais na região nos últimos dez anos, afirma que é “muy complejo caracterizar elementos recurrentes en investigación en política educativa en Latinoamérica”, diante das idiossincrasias dos países com suas histórias e condições educacionais díspares, além das particularidades constitutivas e formativas dos pesquisadores que implicam em produções científicas distintas, ao que se soma “las orientaciones y posicionamientos políticos, ideológicos y epistemológicos en los distintos países de la región. (SILVA, CASTRO, SANTOS, 2023, p. ??)
Estado desertor e os processos de privatização da educação na América Latina
Authors: Silva Maria Vieira , Santos Kildo Adevair dos
Published: May 2023

A Educação Básica tem sido tangenciada, de forma contígua, por iminentes mutações de seu sentido público em razão da proliferação de programas de privatização da educação.  A partir de documentos produzidos pela Federación Internacional de Sindicatos de la Educación em doze países da América Latina, analisamos processos mercantis na educação latino-americana, com ênfase nas tendências e modalidades de ações de atores privados no Peru e no Panamá. O trabalho identifica dois movimentos paralelos de privatização: a crescente participação do empresariado na oferta educacional facultada por dispositivos jurídicos e o arrefecimento da atuação do Estado como provedor de bens públicos, mediante programas governamentais que se referenciam em princípios gerencialistas e mercadológicos.
Ecuador: escenarios educativos y trabajo docente en tiempos de postpandemia y neoliberalismo
Authors: Burgos Carlos Crespo , Campos Magaly Robalino
Published: May 2023

El presente artículo ofrece una mirada crítica de la situación socioeconómica, educativa y del trabajo docente durante los últimos años en Ecuador, en el contexto de la crisis global de la pandemia del COVID 19 y sus efectos en la actual etapa de la llamada post pandemia. Actualiza el análisis de situación al término de los dos años de pandemia, en momentos en que se ha puesto en marcha la “reactivación” de la oferta educativa con el retorno a la presencialidad. El artículo utiliza los resultados de varios estudios e investigaciones sobre la situación de la educación y del trabajo docente en Ecuador en tiempos de pandemia, realizados y publicados entre 2020 y 2021 y varias presentaciones realizadas por los autores en eventos nacionales e internacionales . A partir de una mirada de las tendencias en el contexto de la crisis global, en primer lugar, se caracteriza los últimos cinco años de Ecuador como una fase de precarización económica y social en la transición a un Estado neoliberal y autoritario. En segundo lugar, se abordan algunos aspectos de la problemática de la política educativa. En tercer lugar, se muestran las percepciones de los niños y niñas y de docentes, sobre sus prácticas educativas con el retorno a la presencialidad. Finalmente, el trabajo concluye con unas reflexiones finales y recomendaciones para la política educativa.
La formación universitaria en el pensamiento de G. B. Montini-Pablo VI durante su periodo como asistente de la FUCI (1925-1933)
Authors: Martínez-Carbonell López Alfonso
Published: May 2023

Giovanni B. Montini-Pablo VI fue asistente nacional de la Federación Universitaria Católica Italiana (1925-1933), desarrollando una intensa labor formativa. Los objetivos de este escrito son describir su experiencia y pensamiento educativo en este periodo demostrando la relación directa entre la formación de estos universitarios con el surgimiento de una generación de políticos comprometidos que se incorporaron a la democracia cristiana desempeñando importantes responsabilidades después del fascismo. Para ello, se analiza su contexto vital, eclesial y político caracterizado por la relación turbulenta con el fascismo. Se describe su diseño formativo intelectual, cultural, teológico, litúrgico, espiritual y social. Se estudian sus influencias intelectuales, filosóficas y teológicas en contraste con las filosofías que dominaban el panorama universitario del momento. Para finalizar, se trata su influencia pedagógica en los jóvenes que levantaron un nuevo orden sociopolítico en Italia tras el fascismo.
El proceso de recepción del decreto conciliar «Optatam totius» en las «Ratio» de la Iglesia Latinoamericana
Authors: Mauti Ricardo Miguel
Published: May 2023

El decreto conciliar Optatam totius sobre la formación sacerdotal significó para toda la Iglesia, y particularmente para América Latina, un enorme desafío. En él se expresaron muchos anhelos, consejos y votos de los obispos latinoamericanos durante el Concilio, preocupados por la renovación de la formación de los futuros sacerdotes, acorde con los nuevos desafíos de la época. El Concilio dio a las conferencias episcopales un mandato de valor permanente, redactar las propias Ratio nationalis y actualizarlas en cada tiempo. El presente estudio aborda este proceso de recepción en diversas Ratio de América Latina, busca destacar de qué manera la noción de fidelidad creativa fue asumida en toda la amplitud querida por el Concilio y abre a un balance crítico de las futuras perspectivas.
Global Trend on Logistics Research: A Bibliometric
Authors: Habibullah Habibulllah , Pudjianto Bambang
Published: May 2023

This study uses bibliometric analysis, visualization, and VOS viewer application, which is based on the Scopus document database, to assess the research journals on logistics. The Study used 1,000 papers on logistics-related themes from foreign authors. A number of factors are used to evaluate articles, including contributions from a country, an institution, an author, journal distribution, the most-cited articles, bibliographic coupling, and keyword analysis. The results showed that the first article indexed by Scopus, which discussed logistics, was published in 1984. Marija Bogataj from the Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, is the most productive author, with nine articles discussing logistics. The United States is the country that produces the most articles on the theme of logistics, namely 194 articles, and Indonesia is ranked 11th. Hong Kong Polytechnic University is an institution that is the primary reference in research on logistics. The International Journal of Production Economics is the most published in logistics research. Potential logistics research themes include blockchain, outsourcing, gender, poverty, coordination, supply chain strategy, packaging, circular economy, and urban logistics. Research is carried out by collaborating across disciplines and countries to make a real contribution to research, education, and the logistics industry.
An analytical study of wireless power transmission system with metamaterials
Authors: Mudhigollam Uday Kumar , Mandava Mohana Rao
Published: May 2023

Computation of transmission system efficiency of electromagnetic radiation becomes inaccurate when Friis formula is used in Fresnel zone (near-field zone) of wireless power transmission (WPT). A novel methodology has been proposed in this paper for estimation of the power density, received power and transmission system efficiency at a particular operating frequency in the near-field zone. The power transfer and transmission system efficiency need to be maximized for minimal dimensions of transmitter and receiver. Utilization of negative refractive index metamaterials (MM) between transmitter and receiver is proposed to achieve maximum power transfer. In the present paper, variation of received power and system efficiency with respect to transmitting distance is computed and compared for WPT system with and without metamaterials. The variation of system efficiency is studied for varied location of metamaterial from transmitter by assuming metamaterial diameter at a given location is greater than or equal to the beam diameter at that location. Different configurations with varied input power and transmitting distances from shorter to longer range are considered in the study to analyse parameters that affect system efficiency. The approach for identifying optimal number of metamaterials and their placement between transmitter and receiver for maximum power transfer has also been discussed.
Associations of cesarean sections with comorbidities within the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
Authors: Austin Jordyn , Wirtz Alexis , Garrett Morgan , Ferrell Sydney C. , Stephenson Elise , Gajjar Swapnil , Perloff Spenser , Hartwell Micah
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Cesarean delivery (CD) is a common obstetrical procedure aimed at reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality in complicated pregnancies and medical emergencies yet carries potential complications. CD rates in the USA have increased over the years – likely associated with increased comorbidities. Thus, to expand the literature, our objective was to identify the likelihood of a woman having a CD when comorbidities – diabetes, high blood pressure (HBP), or depression – are present.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2019 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. Binary and multivariable logistic regression were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) to determine associations between pre-existing and gestational comorbidities and CD among pregnant women.

Results

Compared to those without a diagnosis, women with pre-existing diabetes (AOR: 1.69; CI: 1.54–1.86), pre-existing HBP (AOR: 1.58; CI: 1.46–1.69), and pre-existing depression (AOR: 1.14; CI 1.08–1.20; Table 2) were more likely to have a CD. Additionally, participants with gestational diabetes (AOR 1.43; CI 1.34–1.52), HBP (AOR 1.86; CI 1.76–1.95) and depression (AOR 1.13; CI 1.07–1.19) were also more likely to have a CD than those without comorbidities.

Conclusions

Higher rates of CD were found among individuals with a pre-existing or gestational diagnosis of diabetes, HBP, or depression than those without these diagnoses. With increasing rates of these conditions, it is likely that CD rates will continue their trajectory in the USA. Thus, professional organizations can have more impact by popularizing and making effective evidence-based guidelines for management.
Molecular mechanisms and genetics of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Öztan Gözde , İşsever Halim
Published: May 2023

Dementia is mostly caused by neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is the most common form of dementia. It is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Due to neuronal death in a number of brain regions, including the hippocampus, entorhinal areas, temporal lobe, and cingulate cortex, AD causes memory loss and gradual cognitive impairment. The condition’s two main pathogenic components are intracellular neurofibrillary tangles created by clusters of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and amyloid plaques made up of extracellular amyloid (Aβ) peptide aggregates. In contrast to the APOE- ε4 allele, which was found to have a significant impact on late-onset AD, presenilin 1, presenilin 2, amyloid precursor protein were genetic risk factors that were causal for early-onset AD. Misfolded proteins accumulate within the neuron, causing prolonged cellular stress in AD, a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques are two of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease that lead to the destruction of synapses and the death of neurons. AD is mostly caused by the death of nerves, particularly cholinergic nerves. In the absence of these cholinergic neurons, acetylcholine levels fall. This review discusses key genes involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of AD, as well as the disease’s molecular mechanisms.
Estructura informativa y orden de palabras en las cláusulas de relativo restrictivas
Authors: Ojea Ana
Published: May 2023

Este trabajo analiza la estructura de constituyentes de las cláusulas de relativo restrictivas para explicar por qué en español, frente a lo que ocurre en otras lenguas como el inglés, el sujeto y el verbo pueden ordenarse en ellas de manera distinta a como lo hacen en las oraciones independientes. Se defiende que en las relativas restrictivas, cláusulas subordinadas de contenido presupuesto, el constituyente más prominente desde el punto de vista informativo es el sintagma relativo, que reactiva la referencia del antecedente para conectarlo con la información del fondo común; el relativo será, por tanto, la base intencional bajo la que se organiza el resto del contenido de la oración. Asumiendo las premisas básicas de economía de las teorías generativistas recientes, se analizan en esta línea los factores de tipo discursivo que explican la posición del sujeto en estas cláusulas, así como la imposibilidad de que en ellas se dé el fenómeno de inversión locativa que sí es posible, sin embargo, en otras cláusulas no asertivas.
El estado de la omisión de "que" en la segunda mitad del siglo xix: estudio variacionista
Authors: García Aguiar Livia Cristina
Published: May 2023

A partir del estudio de 638 subordinadas sustantivas, procedentes de un corpus de documentación municipal de Málaga (España) de la segunda mitad del siglo xix (45 actas capitulares del período comprendido entre 1861 y 1875), nos proponemos examinar la situación de la omisión del nexo subordinante que. Los datos, analizados siguiendo la metodología del variacionismo lingüístico con el programa RBRUL, se compararán con los obtenidos para un corpus similar, pero de documentos correspondientes al primer español moderno (de 1701 a 1815), con objeto tanto de trazar una panorámica del índice de frecuencia de elisión de que a lo largo de estos siglos (con especial atención a finales del siglo xix), como de analizar los factores gramaticales significativos que influyen en la preferencia por la variante elidida.
The prerequisites for the development of type 2 diabetes or prediabetes in rats fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Portnychenko A. G. , Vasylenko M. I. , Aliiev R. B. , Kozlovska M. G. , Zavhorodnii M. O. , Tsapenko P. K. , Rozova K. V. , Portnichenko V. I.
Published: May 2023

It is known that the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in humans is based on two main factors – insulin resistance and inappropriate secretory activity of β-cells of the pancreas. In animals, the role of these mechanisms has not been clearly characterized, and the differences in the manifestations of experimental diabetes under the same conditions are not sufficiently substantiated. In order to study the prerequisites and mechanisms of the development of experimental type 2 diabetes or prediabetes under lipid overload, 6-month-old male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks; after 2 weeks of the experiment, 20 or 25 mg/kg of streptozotocin was administrated. The development of insulin resistance was assessed using the insulin tolerance test. We evaluated the dynamics of glycemia in animals, subcellular signs of liver steatosis, and determined expression of the precursor and mature protein SREBP-1 by immunoblotting. It was found that in rats fed with a high-fat diet during the 2–4th weeks of the experiment, regardless of the administration of streptozotocin, stable insulin resistance and symptoms of prediabetes were detected. The severity of carbohydrate metabolism lesion, which appeared as type 2 diabetes or prediabetes after streptozotocin administration, depended on the level of hepatosteatosis due to high-fat diet, whereas the dose of streptozotocin influenced severity of type 2 diabetes. The use of a high-fat diet led to increased processing and activation of SREBP-1, which was clearly inhibited in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the level of lipid infiltration of the liver and deregulation of the transcription factor SREBP-1 are risk factors defining development of type 2 diabetes or prediabetes in experimental rats with lipid overloading. Changes in the maturation of SREBP-1 with the use of a high-fat diet confirm that insulin resistance in rats revealed β-cell dysfunction, which closely approximates the mechanisms of experimental type 2 diabetes to main pathways in humans. At the same time, the predisposition to β-cell dysfunction can be a prerequisite that determines compensatory reserves for maintaining carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis under the influence of lipid load in both humans and laboratory animals.
Current epizootological and epidemiologscal aspects of brucellosis in Ukraine
Authors: Korniienko L. Y. , Ukhovskyi V. V. , Moroz O. A. , Chechet O. M. , Aliekseieva G. B. , Tsarenko T. M. , Karpulenko M. S. , Nenych N. P. , Radzykhovskyi M. L.
Published: May 2023

The analysis of monitoring studies for brucellosis among farm and wild animals for the period 2004–2021 in Ukraine was performed. The total number of tests on brucellosis during this period among cattle amounted to 62,917,946 animals, small ruminants – 10,898,075, pigs – 4,146,751, horses – 116,668, wild pigs – 22,306, roe deer – 11,548, hares (only the last two years were studied) – 430 animals. During the same period, camels, deer, dogs, cats, rabbits, poultry, zoo animals, wild animals including moose, foxes and badgers were examined in case of suspicion or request. During this period, seropositive animals were found among cattle – 607, small ruminants – 84, pigs – 219, horses – 4, dogs – 2, wild boars – 52, hares – 7. There were years when no positive animals were detected (2012, 2015), 1–3 animals were detected in 2008, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017. The largest number of animals positive for brucellosis was detected in 2004 and 2006, respectively 107 and 328 animals. Some regions stand out among others with a significant number of positive results. Thus, in Sumy region, positive animals were isolated in 2004, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2019, 2020, 2021 (a total of 45 animals), in Dnipropetrovsk region in 2004, 2016, 2017, 2018 (a total of 11 animals). The results of the analysis showed that human brucellosis in Ukraine is registered sporadically (single cases). During the analyzed period, 32 cases of human brucellosis were detected, during the period 1994–2021, the diagnosis of brucellosis was confirmed in 45 people. Approximately 50% of human brucellosis cases in Ukraine are introduced from abroad. The vector role of wild animals-reservoirs in the spread of the brucellosis pathogen in the direction of farm animals and from them to humans is confirmed. Among the regions, the most disadvantaged were Chernihiv (cases in 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015), Lviv (2005, 2011, 2021) and Kyiv (2008, 2014, 2021). During the period 1994–2021, the disease was not registered in people at all in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Volyn, Vinnytsia, Transcarpathian, Zaporizhzhia, Kirovohrad, Rivne, Ternopil, Cherkasy regions.
The influence of feeding level on the growth of pigs depending on their genotype
Authors: Vashchenko P. А. , Zhukorskyi О. М. , Saenko A. M. , Khokhlov A. M. , Usenko S. O. , Kryhina N. V. , Sukhno T. V. , Tsereniuk О. М.
Published: May 2023

The growth and development of pigs is determined by their genotype and environmental conditions (primarily the level of feeding), however, the number of works aimed at studying the complex influence of genetic and non-genetic factors in their interaction is currently insufficient. The purpose of our work was to estimate the effect of the MC4R genotype, feeding level and interaction of these factors on growth and backfat thickness of crossbred pigs and to investigate the possibility of correcting the melanocortin-4-receptor gene polymorphism effect by adjusting the ration. Studies were conducted on 50 gilts obtained by crossing sows of the large white breed with landrace boars. Experimental pigs at the "Maxi 2010" farm were weighed at birth, then at the age of 28 days (at weaning) and at the age of 4, 6, 8 months. Fat thickness was measured at the age of 4, 6, 8 months. Genetic studies were conducted in a certified laboratory of Institute of Pig Breeding and Agroindustrial Production. Analysis of 50 blood samples revealed that this group of pigs had a sufficient level of polymorphism for research (Polymorphism Information Content was equil 0.35). The frequency of genotype distribution at the MC4R / SNP c.1426 G>A locus was 0.06 (AA) : 0.58 (GA) : 0.36 (GG). The type of feeding significantly influenced the live weight at the age of 4 months and the average daily gains of experimental pigs over the period of 28–120 days. Starting at the age of 6 months a significant effect of the interaction of organized factors (feeding + genotype) was recorded. At the age of 6 months, a significant influence of both the genotype and the level of feeding on the backfat thickness was established. Animals with the GG genotype receiving a restricted feed ration had significantly lower backfat thickness. At the age of 8 months, the difference in backfat thickness between the group with the GG genotype (restricted feed ration) and the AG genotype (high level feeding) reached a value of 12.9% (2.0 mm). Animals with the AG genotype had the lowest performance and the greatest fat thickness under feed limitation, which is important for raising young pigs for subsequent reproduction. Therefore, when selecting pigs to be used for further reproduction, the desired genotype is GG. In the future, it will be desirable to repeat the study on a larger number of pigs, so that the experiment involves a sufficient number of animals with the MC4R AA genotype for statistical processing.
Dynamics of pathomorphological changes in the liver of rats at different stages of experimental alcohol damage
Authors: Didenko V. I. , Gaidar Y. A. , Mylostiva D. F. , Klenina I. A. , Halinskyi А. A. , Petishko O. P. , Hrabovska O. I. , Halinska А. N.
Published: May 2023

Liver diseases represent one of the most common problems in gastroenterology. The liver, as the most important organ of metabolism, which plays a major role in anabolic and energy processes, takes part in the adaptive and compensatory reactions of the body under exogenous and endogenous adverse influences. Individual factors play a major role in the development of this disease, one of which is the duration of the effect of alcohol on the body. The duration of alcohol consumption affects the morpho-functional properties of the liver. When alcohol was given to the research animals, hypertrophic changes were seen in the linear dimensions of hepatocytes: in the 12th week of alcoholization, the nuclear area was 1.25 times larger, and the cytoplasmic area of hepatocytes was 1.16 times larger compared with the same indicators in the 6th week of alcoholization. Alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by protein-fatty degeneration, inflammatory lymphocytic infiltration, increase in the area of sinusoids and the size of hepatocytes, and, accordingly, the Vizotto coefficient (1.83 times in the 6th week and 2.10 times in the 12th week of the research). The alcohol consumption is accompanied by increase in the volume of the nucleus and cytoplasm of hepatocytes, decrease in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio with increase in pathohistological changes. With the lengthening of the terms of alcoholization, the number of binuclear hepatocytes decreased. Morphometric calculation of the number of fat cells per 100 hepatocytes showed that in the 12th week of the experiment, the number of fatty inclusions increased by 1.42 times, compared with 6 weeks of forced alcoholization. Fatty small- and large-droplet steatosis of hepatocytes was diffuse in nature. The duration of alcoholization also affects the liver vessels. The diameter of the central vein in the 6th week of the experiment was 1.52 times greater than in control rats, and 1.81 times in the 12th week of alcoholization. The bile ducts of rats of the experimental groups were also larger in diameter: by 37% after 6 weeks and 47% after 12 weeks of forced alcoholization. An increase in the area of the sinusoids and the diameter of the central vein indicates an impairment of the blood supply to the liver. The complexity of the structure of the liver and the diversity of its functions necessitate the use of a variety of diagnostic techniques and methodological approaches to assessing its activity in the normal condition, during a pathology. It will be promising to study the structure of the liver at the ultramicroscopic level of the effect of drugs on the treatment of alcoholic liver disease during different periods of alcoholization.
Salvador Dalí in the United States
Authors: García de la Rasilla Carmen , González de León Fernando , Harkness Shaina , Jeffett William , King Elliott H. , García de la Rasilla Carmen
Published: May 2023

This study on Dalí in the United States examines the links between this Spanish Surrealist and American culture—a symbiotic relationship that would prove instrumental to the artist’s success and subsequent recognition as a global cultural figure. In this sense, this monograph offers an innovative and broader-than-usual perspective on the painter from Empordà, who is most often considered within the context of his European cultural ties: Catalan, Spanish, or even French. Dalí himself recognized: “Only America was wealthy enough, had enough fresh intelligence and available energy to fulfill my hypertrophic self and put up with my whims.” He was not mistaken; the United States would bring Dalí the stardom he desired—a land of dreams the artist succeeded in conquering and captivating forever. The chapters of this study analyze his stay in the country, from the moment he arrived to his periods in Virginia, New York, and the West Coast. They reveal some of the circumstances, methods and keys to Dalí's success, as well as the stages of an evolving body of work that would find perpetual renewal, enrichment and universal appreciation on North American soil.
Instrumento sobre conhecimento, atitudes e práticas da automedicação em estudantes universitários
Authors: Rabelo Cézar Greyce Hellen , Nogueira Guimarães Hemelly , Cidade Santos Joana Stephanie , Carrilho Menezes Aline , Sanches Cristina , Melo Angelita Cristine , Trevisan Danilo Donizetti
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: construir e validar instrumento para investigar os conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de estudantes universitários brasileiros sobre a automedicação. Método: estudo metodológico realizado em universidade pública do centro oeste mineiro, Brasil. Um comitê de juízes avaliou clareza, pertinência e abrangência e o pré-teste realizado com público alvo para avaliar compreensão e aceitabilidade. O índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) foi utilizado para avaliar a proporção de concordância e o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (α) para mensurar a confiabilidade. Resultados:o instrumento foi composto por 38 itens divididos em três seções: caracterização dos participantes (13 itens); conhecimentos e práticas da automedicação (3 itens); e crenças e atitudes (22 itens).A média do IVC de todas as seções do instrumento foi de 0,97 e o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach da seção crenças e atitudes>0,70. Conclusão: o instrumento foi considerado válido para avaliar conhecimento, prática, crenças e atitudes sobre automedicação em estudantes universitários.
Calificación de un sistema de HPLC-IR para la cuantificación de carbohidratos de diversas composiciones
Authors: Veitia Isi , Brizuela Cardoso Javier David , Fernández Torres Jose Miguel , Martínez García Duniesky , Pérez Cruz Enrique
Published: May 2023

Introducción: los carbohidratos son las biomoléculas más abundantes en la naturaleza. Su importancia va desde aspectos nutricionales hasta aplicaciones industriales. Entre la inmensa variedad de carbohidratos se encuentran los fructooligosacáridos considerados prebióticos; los azúcares invertidos, de importancia industrial por su alto poder edulcorante; las dextranas, con diversas aplicaciones, pero cuya presencia en jugos de caña provoca afectaciones en la producción azucarera. Las investigaciones y aplicaciones relacionadas con carbohidratos requieren la obtención de datos fiables sobre las cinéticas de síntesis y degradación de los mismos. Uno de los métodos de cuantificación de los carbohidratos es mediante un equipo de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) acoplado a un detector de índice de refracción (IR). Objetivo: calificar un equipo de HPLC acoplado a un detector de índice de refracción (IR) para la validación del método de cuantificación de carbohidratos. Metodología: la calificación del HPLC-IR se realizó según la Guía para la calificación del equipamiento - Anexo 1 de 2011. Se evaluó la exactitud del flujo de la bomba, la precisión y linealidad del inyector manual, la exactitud y estabilidad de la temperatura del horno, así como la linealidad y relación señal/ruido en el detector IR. Resultados: este trabajo demostró que el sistema HPLC-IR se desempeña de manera consistente de acuerdo con las especificaciones del fabricante, de esta forma se aseguró el rendimiento correcto del equipo en condiciones reales de funcionamiento. Conclusión: la calificación satisfactoria del instrumento analítico permitió la validación del método de cuantificación de carbohidratos mediante esta tecnología.
A rapid and simple capillary electrophoresis procedure for quantification of vanillylmandelic acid in urine samples
Authors: Seyfinejad Behrouz , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: May 2023

Aim: To develop a one-step vortex-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (VALLE) method, without the need for evaporation and reconstitution steps, to establish a rapid and straightforward treatment procedure based on capillary electrophoresis-diode array detection (CE-DAD) for the determination of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in human urine. Methodology: Optimization of VALLE and CE-DAD procedures were studied in detail. The effects of various experimental parameters, such as the type of the extraction solvent, sample pH, salt addition, and extraction time were investigated. Also, CE separation conditions including background electrolyte type, concentration, and pH, injection time and separation voltage were optimized as well. Results: A successful separation of VMA was achieved in less than 6 min using a basic background electrolyte composed of 60 mmol·L-1 acetate/ACN (acetonitrile) 50% (v/v) (final apparent pH is 5.73). The linear response was obtained over the concentration range from 1.0 to 14 μg·mL-1. The limit of detection and quantification were 0.30 and 1.0 μg·mL-1, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions were found to be less than 4.3%. The extraction recoveries of VMA were between 95%-97%. Conclusion: The developed method is found to be a simple, rapid, and reliable method for quantitative analysis of urinary VMA.
Comparative Bridge Designs Using Normalweight and Lightweight Concrete
Authors: Castrodale Reid
Published: May 2023

A range of designs using normalweight and lightweight concrete for prestressed concrete bridge girders was performed using commercial bridge design software. Combinations of concrete types considered include a normalweight deck on normalweight girders, a lightweight deck on lightweight girders, a lightweight deck on normalweight girders, and a normalweight deck on lightweight girders. The effect of using lightweight concrete in barrier rails was examined briefly. Results of the designs are compared to demonstrate the differences in span capacity, number of strands required, required release strength, and camber. The first set of designs studies a wide bridge cross-section that allows comparison of maximum spans for different girder spacings, optimizing the use of a girder cross-section currently used in the southeast. The second set of designs considers a narrower bridge with a fixed span configuration that represents a typical overpass.
Krisis Modernitas dan Sains dalam Pandangan Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Authors: Faturohman Ari Rizal
Published: May 2023

This paper discusses the crisis conditions in modern times in the view of Seyyed Hossein Nasr. The method used in this research is literature study. The data analysis technique in this research is to collect references, read and conclude to present the findings in the form of descriptive data. The results of this study reveal that modern times in Nasr's view are inseparable from the development of human thought that occurred in the West. But in its development, science in the West has lost its transcendental reference. The existence of such circumstances resulted in several crises that hit mankind. The early events of human development are called the renaissance period. This period is also known as the period of human rebellion against God. The modern era, which has anthropocentric characteristics, always separates the contemplative and the action. The result is a tragedy that leads to a spiritual crisis, an environmental crisis and anxieties that plague human life.
Analisis Makna Kebebasan J.S. Mill pada Manusia dalam Berhadapan dengan Protokol Kesehatan pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Faturrohman Muhamad
Published: May 2023

One of the recommendations to minimize the spread of the Covid-19 virus is by implementing health procedures, such as wearing masks, washing hands, maintaining distance, avoiding crowds, and reducing mobility. However, the application of this process raises a philosophical question regarding the meaning of human freedom, namely whether this process limits or hinders human freedom and how to critically examine the meaning of human freedom during a pandemic in the face of the Covid-19 health protocol. This paper includes a literature study, using qualitative methods, and John Stuart Mill's theory of robustness as an analytical knife. The findings in this paper are that first, health protocols must be understood as an effort to prevent the spread of related viruses and to save lives and protect human survival. This must be used as a basis for awareness for the common good. Second, the community in dealing with Covid-19 has expressed its freedom integrally. In this pandemic situation, if he wants to achieve his life goals, a collective awareness is needed, in which he cannot be selfish and only fight for his own freedom. However, it is also the freedom of others, which he must protect and respect.
The Phenomenon of Young Marriage from a Hadith Perspective
Authors: Veronica Maya , Dzakira Faiqa
Published: May 2023

This study aims to discuss the phenomenon of young marriage from a hadith perspective in Lemahmulya Village. This study uses a mixed-method approach by applying a descriptive analytical-critical method. The object of research is the phenomenon of young marriage that occurs in Lemahmulya Village. The subject of this research is of course the persons of young marriage which consists of three categories of factors causing it. The results and discussion of this study indicate that the phenomena that occur in Lemahmulya Village consist of three categories of factors, namely the low economic and educational factor, the accident factor due to promiscuity, the self-will factor and religious observance. This study concludes that the phenomenon of young marriage that occurred in Lemahmulya Village from the perspective of hadith in terms of practice does not conflict with religious rules because it has benefits for each perpetrator and with the dispensation given by the court with very urgent reasons accompanied by sufficient supporting evidence then The young marriage that took place in Lemahmulya Village also did not violate state law. However, it is necessary to reconsider the impacts caused by young marriage.