bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESD Ideas: Photoelectrochemical carbon removal as negative emission technology
Authors: May Matthias M. , Rehfeld Kira
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The pace of the transition to a low-carbon economy – especially in the fuels
sector – is not high enough to achieve the 2 ∘C target limit for
global warming by only cutting emissions. Most political roadmaps to tackle
global warming implicitly rely on the timely availability of mature negative
emission technologies, which actively invest energy to remove CO2 from the
atmosphere and store it permanently. The models used as a basis for
decarbonization policies typically assume an implementation of such
large-scale negative emission technologies starting around the year 2030,
ramped up to cause net negative emissions in the second half of the century
and balancing earlier CO2 release. On average, a contribution of
−10 Gt CO2 yr−1 is expected by 2050
(Anderson and Peters, 2016). A viable approach for
negative emissions should (i) rely on a scalable and sustainable
source of energy (solar), (ii) result in a safely storable product,
(iii) be highly efficient in terms of water and energy use, to
reduce the required land area and competition with water and food demands of
a growing world population, and (iv) feature large-scale feasibility and affordability.
Lessons learned from multisite implementation and evaluation of Project SHARE, a teen health information literacy, empowerment, and leadership program
Authors: Keselman Alla , Chase Rachel Anne , Rewolinski Jennifer , Chentsova Dutton Yulia , Kelly Janice E
Published: January 2019

Background: This case study describes the implementation and evaluation of a multisite teen health information outreach program. The objectives of the program were to increase health knowledge, health information literacy, interest in health careers, community engagement, and leadership skills of teens in disadvantaged communities.Case Presentation: Teens at six sites across the country participated in a multi-week curriculum that focused on various aspects of health literacy, information literacy, and leadership. Lesson topics addressed personal health, social determinants of health, information quality, and communication and advocacy skills. Program evaluation included both quantitative and qualitative components and focused on multiple knowledge and skills outcome variables. Results suggested that while teens at all sites showed improvement, particularly with respect to engagement and interest in the topics, the degree of gains in knowledge and information literacy measures varied significantly from site to site.Conclusion: On-site implementation planning, cohesive integration of added activities, and emphasis on retention can contribute to implementation and evaluation effectiveness. This work also underscores the limitation of a purely quantitative approach to capturing the impact of health information and stresses the importance of supplementing numerical scores and statistics with qualitative data. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Predatory publications in evidence syntheses
Authors: Ross-White Amanda , Godfrey Christina M. , Sears Kimberley A. , Wilson Rosemary
Published: January 2019

Objectives: The number of predatory journals is increasing in the scholarly communication realm. These journals use questionable business practices, minimal or no peer review, or limited editorial oversight and, thus, publish articles below a minimally accepted standard of quality. These publications have the potential to alter the results of knowledge syntheses. The objective of this study was to determine the degree to which articles published by a major predatory publisher in the health and biomedical sciences are cited in systematic reviews.Methods: The authors downloaded citations of articles published by a known predatory publisher. Using forward reference searching in Google Scholar, we examined whether these publications were cited in systematic reviews.Results: The selected predatory publisher published 459 journals in the health and biomedical sciences. Sixty-two of these journal titles had published a total of 120 articles that were cited by at least 1 systematic review, with a total of 157 systematic reviews citing an article from 1 of these predatory journals.Discussion: Systematic review authors should be vigilant for predatory journals that can appear to be legitimate. To reduce the risk of including articles from predatory journals in knowledge syntheses, systematic reviewers should use a checklist to ensure a measure of quality control for included papers and be aware that Google Scholar and PubMed do not provide the same level of quality control as other bibliographic databases.
Missionaries, measles, and manuscripts: revisiting the Whitman tragedy
Authors: Norton Melanie J. , Booss John
Published: January 2019

The missionaries Marcus Whitman, a doctor, and Narcissa Whitman, his wife, and twelve other members of the Waiilatpu Mission were murdered in November 1847 by a small contingent of the Cayuse Indians in the Oregon Territory. The murders became known as the “Whitman Massacre.” The authors examine the historical record, including archived correspondence held at the Yale University Libraries, for evidence of what motivated the killings and demonstrate that there were two valid perspectives, Cayuse and white. Hence, the event is better termed the “Whitman Tragedy.” The crucial component, a highly lethal measles epidemic, has been called the spark that lit the fuse of the tragedy.
Educação física escolar: os impactos sociais na vida de pessoas transexuais em Belém do Pará
Authors: Bernardo Barroso Lucas , Ronny da Silva Cardoso Wladirson , Ribeiro de Mesquita Marcelo
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo investiga a influência da educação, especificamente a educação física com pessoas transexuais de Belém do Pará. Tem como objetivo descrever as contribuições positivas, negativas ou indiferentes da educação e da educação física, perante á vida social de pessoas transexuais. Caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de teor qualitativo, utilizando de pesquisa de campo junto com entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas transexuais que já concluíram o ensino básico. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que a educação básica e a educação física, em sua maioria, ainda se caracterizam como ambientes segregadores e de grande impacto para estas pessoas, tendo como conclusão do entrevistador e dos interlocutores que a melhor forma para se desenvolver os conteúdos seria por meio de aulas mistas, com estudo mais aberto quanto a gênero e sexualidade.
A regressão da audição e a barbárie: as (IM) possibilidades de transcendência da música estandardizada
Authors: Carloni Paola Regina
Published: January 2019

A arte é possibilidade de transcendência e humanização. Ao ser retirada do seu caráter reflexivo e lançada na lógica da indústria cultural, a arte se torna um elemento a ser consumido e expressão de barbárie, pois a alienação impede a humanização. A regressão da audição na música e sua estandardização são elementos que levam à alienação, impossibilitando a transcendência. Este trabalho compreende aspectos da música na atualidade, que impede o sujeito de viver plenamente a humanização e converte essa expressão da arte em barbárie. As análises nesse artigo são feitas com bases em uma pesquisa bibliográfica fundamentada nos conceitos da Teoria Crítica da Escola de Frankfurt.
Notas sobre as entrevistas com professores de uma escola privada e outra pública do município de Campo Grande – MS
Authors: Maria de Meneses Branca , Regina dos Santos Pedrossian Dulce , Rita Levandoski Fernanda
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo, apresentamos dados das entrevistas realizadas com seis professores (três de uma escola privada e três de uma pública) do município de Campo Grande - MS, que ministram as disciplinas Língua Portuguesa, Educação Física e Artes, conforme roteiro constante no projeto Violência Escolar: discriminação, bullying e responsabilidade (CROCHÍK, 2014), com acréscimo de duas questões. Expomos a compreensão dos professores em relação ao bullying e à educação inclusiva; identificação e motivos do bullying na escola; características dos agressores e dos agredidos; alunos considerados em situação de inclusão serem alvo de bullying tanto quanto os outros; o que é necessário para combater esse tipo de violência na escola e o papel das autoridades. Concluímos, que cabe propiciarmos uma educação que se direcione para formar cidadãos conscientes de seus direitos e deveres, que respeitem as diferenças e reflitam sobre os valores democráticos cotidianamente suscitados com vistas ao bem comum.
A INFLUÊNCIA DOS SABERES DOCENTES NA ESCOLHA DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENSINO DOS ESPORTES COLETIVOS NO ESTÁGIO DE 6º AO 9º ANO
Authors: Machado da Silva Patricia , Azevedo Júnior Mario Renato
Published: January 2019

O objetivo foi identificar as estratégias de ensino de esportes coletivos utilizadas por estudantes no estágio supervisionado do 6º ao 9º ano de duas universidades federais e verificar o que influenciou nessa escolha: disciplinas, experiências esportivas pré-formação profissional e/ou as experiências de ensino durante a formação inicial. Realizou-se estimulação da recordação, entrevista e análise dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso. Metade dos estagiários optou por métodos mais tradicionais. Todas as variáveis estudadas influenciaram nas escolhas didático-metodológicas dos estagiários. As disciplinas do curso de graduação e as experiências de prática docente parecem auxiliar na ressignificação dos saberes produzidos nas experiências pré-formação profissional.
Five Women in Ministry Articles Transcribed from Tongues of Fire
Authors: Pope-Levison Priscilla
Published: January 2019

This article contains complete transcriptions of five articles with a focus on women's ministry published in Tongues of Fire, the monthly periodical of a late nineteenth-century British holiness organization, known as the Pentecostal League of Prayer, or the League. Richard Reader Harris (1847–1909), founder of the League, wrote three of the five articles, including his most declarative statement in support of women, titled ‘Female Ministry’. Women authors penned the remaining two transcribed articles: Ms Rains, ‘A Word to Women: Zechariah v. 9’, and Dr Katherine Bushnell, ‘Women Preachers: Why Obscure the True Reading?’ While the League welcomed more than one hundred women into all of its organizational positions, these articles represent the extent of written affirmations for women in ministry.
Geobusiness
Authors: Pakulska dr hab, prof. SGH Teresa , Poniatowska-Jaksch dr Małgorzata
Published: January 2019

The information revolution has caused that the companies operate both in the traditional and virtual space. This second dimension changes the business models of the past, and thus implies the necessity to look slightly different on the meaning of the environment and its role in shaping the competitive advantages of the company than during the industrial revolution.
This article presents an original analytical proposal of a holistic approach to business, referred to as geobusiness. At the core of this concept, there are three assumptions: each economic activity is carried out in geospace, the market on which the companies compete evolves into an open market, geospace and business are strongly interdependent.
Determinants of financial results and capital strength of the banking sector
Authors: Pyka Anna
Published: January 2019

The net financial result archived by the banking
sector in the first quarter of 2016 was lower
by 23 % in relation to the same period of 2015.
Such results were associated with the deterioration
of various conditions under which the
banks functioned. The aim of this article is to
indicate the main determinants that shape financial
results of the banking sector, and to
present the impact of financial results achieved by the banks on the capital situation of this sector, including capital adequacy ratios.
Sample bias in the research on corporate bankruptcy
Authors: Gruszczyński Marek
Published: January 2019

This article is devoted to considerations on sample biases in bankruptcy modelling. Typically, the models are estimated based on non-random samples with proportion of bankrupt companies differing from that in the population. This causes bias in estimated bankruptcy probabilities for single companies. The paper opens with remarks on samples used in bankruptcy research in Poland which are followed by exposition on sample choice biases, starting with the findings of Zmijewski [1984]. The major issue presented is the development of Skogsvik and Skogsvik [2013] formula of a relationship between biased and unbiased estimated probability of bankruptcy of a given company. It is shown that the formula coincides with Anderson-Maddala correction (Anderson 1973, Maddala 1983) for the logit model. Comments on sample bias in classification modelling conclude the paper.
Business model as a component
of corporate reporting
Authors: Walińska Ewa , Bek-Gaik Bogusława , Gad Jacek
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this article is to identify the way theoretical concepts of a business model are implemented into the reporting practice of a public company. On the basis of literature studies, the key components of the business model presented in corporate reporting, and the form and extent of disclosures in this field were identified. This article attempts to determine how the practice understands and explains the concept of a business model and whether the implementation of integrated reporting influenced the scope and form of presentation of information concerning business model in corporate reporting.
The possibilities of reporting
the business model in financial statements
Authors: Karwowski Mariusz , Świderska Getruda
Published: January 2019

This article attempts to answer the question if there is a possibility of reporting information in financial statements about the realisation of a business model. For this purpose, the accounting system has been assessed. This assessment includes four stages: identification of a business model used by the company, identification of the accounting policies adopted by the company, assessment of the quality of information about the realised business model, transformation of the reported data from the accounting system to eliminate the distortions in the context of the business model. Verification of the above assessment was carried out on the basis of the financial statements of three developers.
Integration of capital markets in the European Union from the perspective of Poland
Authors: Jagodzińska-Komar Ewa
Published: January 2019

The aim of the single capital market of the EU is the access of all Member States to the funds, according to the same principles, and the diversification of sources of financing for enterprises, paying special attention to the SME sector. The author highlights that the improvement of
attractiveness of the capital markets in the EU countries would result in a greater number of investments from the world. This, in turn, would increase the ability of the European economy to respond to shocks and to reduce debt.
The impact of the duty of disclosure of the business model on the company’s accounting system
Authors: Chluska Jolanta
Published: January 2019

Operators carrying out its activities, take into account the vision of a business model in their strategy. The business model determines the creation of the enterprise information system for the achievement of management objectives, as well as for external stakeholders. Accounting provides essential, reliable, and accurate information as a subsystem of the enterprise information system. The purpose of this article is to identify areas of the accounting system that need to be adapted to the needs of business model disclosures in financial reporting. The subjects of research were selected companies obliged to disclose their business model. As a research tool, an analysis of subject literature, legal acts, and examples of business model disclosures were used.
An issue of food fraud in regulatory activities and industry standards
Authors: Kowalska Aleksandra
Published: January 2019

Adulteration is one of the types of food fraud which leads to a public health threat and poses potentially catastrophic political, economic, le-
gislative, social, psychological, and health threats for companies and countries. The aim of the paper is to define a concept of food fraud and food adulteration and to present and analyse the leading strong actions used for consumer protection and food chain security in Poland and around the world.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SALIVARY CORTISOL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS INDICATORS DURING A DRIVING COURSE
Authors: Siudak Martyna , Zietek Marta , Tober-Marczewska Anna , Sideris Elżbieta , Swiergiel Artur
Published: January 2019

The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of stress of a practical, thirty-hour driving course on changes in salivary cortisol concentration and on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The second objective was to determine the relation between the style of coping with stress (psychological indicator) and changes in the assessed biological parameters.

All volunteers aged 18-30 years completed the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) before the start of the course. They were divided into control (n=15) and experimental (n=18) groups. In the experimental group saliva samples to measure cortisol were collected from each participant: before the start of the course, before the 1st, 13th and 28th driving hour, and blood pressure was measured before the course, during the 15th and 30th hour of the course. Participants in the control group had one saliva sample taken and their blood pressure was measured once at the same time.

The results suggest that cortisol concentration in saliva correlates with the hour of the course. Systolic and diastolic pressure also correlates with the hour of the course. CISS test related differences among the individuals in copying with stress (sex as well as age-related) but they did not correlate with the cortisol and blood pressure responses.

A driving course is a stress factor that causes changes in salivary cortisol concentration and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The style of coping with stress does not correlate with changes in the salivary cortisol concentration during the course. Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the driving course do not depend on the way of coping with stress.
Nowa rzeczywistość – stara szkoła. Nieformalne aspekty szkolnej cyberprzestrzeni
Authors: Łęski Zbigniew
Published: January 2019

Wraz z rozwojem technologii otaczająca nas rzeczywistość poszerzyła się o świat cyberprzestrzeni. Szkoły w znacznej większości wciąż jednak funkcjonują według zasad i wzorów przyjętych w przeszłości. Szczególnie istotne jest to w odniesieniu do faktu, że wraz z cyberprzestrzenią pojawiła się w nich nie tylko nowa sieć komunikacyjna, ale także nowe podmioty w procesie komunikacji pomiędzy nauczycielem a uczniem. Należy przy tym podkreślić, iż cyberprzestrzeń ma zarówno aspekt formalny jak i nieformalny. Przyglądając się funkcjonowaniu wielu szkół wydaje się, że można postawić tezę, iż drugi z wymienionych aspektów jest często niedostrzegany. Tymczasem ma on niezwykle istotny wpływ na jakość procesu kształcenia oraz relacje jakie w tym procesie zachodzą na każdym z jego etapów.
Financial management by affluent Poles and imitation processes in consumption
Authors: Bombol Małgorzata
Published: January 2019

In this article the author focuses on the problem of construction of standardogenic behaviors in the area of financial decisions. As the starting point, the author presented the model of social imitation which has been suggested by J.S. Duesenberry. Some later modifications of this model in the Polish market were also presented. The affluent group with the net income over 7,500 zloty per month has been recognized as the potential standardogenic group for popular financial behaviors. The author presents the results of empirical research conducted on representative samples of adult Poles in 2016-2017.
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its present significance in digestive system diseases
Authors: Szcześniak Piotr , Dudarewicz Michał , Michalak Łukasz , Orszulak-Michalak Daria
Published: January 2019

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a main mediator of growth hormone’s (GH) action. Under physiological conditions, IGF-I is responsible for growth and development of organism through influence on proliferation and differentiation of cells. IGF-I is produced in almost all tissues of organism and its activity is determined by interaction with specific receptors (IGF-IR, IGF-IIR) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 - IGFBP-6), and by proteases hydrolyzing IGFBPs as well.
Currently, a surge of interest on insulin-like growth factor I as a potential factor contributing to the development of neoplasms, including neoplasms of digestive system, is observed. IGFBPs and IGF-IR may also be of importance in etiology and pathogenesis of cancer. It is assumed that high serum concentration of IGF-I may increase the risk of cancer development whereas high serum concentration of IGFBP-3 may inhibit the progression of the disease.
Until recently, attempts of modulating the concentration of IGF-I with the use of pharmacological agents of diverse mechanisms of action under innovative anti-cancer therapies, have been made. Lately, it is pointed to the possibility of application of IGF-I in the management of certain diseases of digestive system. It was observed that IGF-I not only contributes to the maintenance of normal structure and function of epithelium in the gastrointestinal tract but also stimulates repair processes in damaged mucosa. Results of preliminary studies on the treatment of short bowel syndrome, gastric ulcer disease, enteritis induced by chemo- and radiotherapy, and inflammatory bowel disease with the use of exogenous IGF-I are encouraging.
MODEL OF 9x19 MM ”PW INKA” PISTOL
Authors: Stępniak Wiesław , Badurowicz Przemysław
Published: January 2019

The paper is a technical communicate presenting the history of development, the design and its characteristics, the basic tactical-technical data of 9x19 mm PW INKA pistol model and the results of performed tests. It describes the principle of operation, the type and characteristics of triggering mechanism, the safety mechanisms, its ergonomic features including the two-side manipulators and replaceable pads of the handle, the sighting instruments, the holster and the origin of pistol’s name.
Analysis of Perceived Physical and Motor Competence in 10- to 13-year-old Spanish Children
Authors: Gil-Madrona Pedro , Pita-Lozano Antonio , Díaz-Suárez Arturo , López Sánchez Guillermo Felipe
Published: January 2019

It was our objective to analyze the perceived physical and motor competence in 10- to 13-year-old Spanish children, and to validate to the Spanish language and context the questionnaire of Scrabis-Fletcher and Silverman (2010). The perception of competence was analysed in 27 schools of Albacete (Spain), with a total of 389 boys and 391 girls, whose age ranged from 10 to 13 (average=11.08 and SD=0.43). Different analyses were performed, starting with a forward analysis of the items, using graphics and statistics. After this, an internal consistence study was performed, through Cronbach's alpha, using a multilevel package, version 2.3. Finally, the constructs structure was analyzed through a factorial confirmatory analysis (FCA), which used a Lavaan package, version 0.5-11. The consistence was high as a whole (Cronbach's alpha: 0.74). There was a high correlation between all items, even those from different factors. Regarding the analysis of students´ perceived physical and motor competence, the best values were obtained in the perceptions they had about their teachers and classmates, although they had worse values about their own personal experiences. Two questionnaires of 2 and 3 factors, using 7 and 14 items, respectively were established. Therefore, the instrument Perception of Competence in Middle School Physical Education was validated within the Spanish social context. The main practical application is the possibility of using this questionnaire in the PE lessons in Spain to know and increase the perceived physical and motor competence of the children.
Neuromuscular efficiency of the knee joint muscles in the early-phase of strength training: effects of antagonist’s muscles pre-activation
Authors: Cardoso Euler Alves , Neto Frederico Ribeiro , Martins Wagner Rodrigues , Bottaro Martim , Carregaro Rodrigo Luiz
Published: January 2019

It was our objective tTo compare the neuromuscular efficiency (NME) adaptations between resistance exercise methods (with and without pre-activation of the antagonist’s muscles) after six-weeks training. This randomized controlled trial assigned forty-nine men (mean age 20.9 ± 2.2 years; height 1.80 ± 0.1 m; body mass 75.0 ± 8.2 kg) into two groups: 1) Reciprocal Training group (RT, concentric knee flexion immediately followed by concentric knee extension at 60°.s-1); and Conventional Training (CT, concentric knee extension exercise). Both training adopted three sets, 10 repetitions at 60°.s-1, 2 days/week for 6 weeks. NME of knee extension and flexion were assessed pre and post-training. The groups were similar at baseline, for all variables. We found significant effects on NME only for the rectus femoris muscle in the RT group (ES = 0.31; 95%CI [0.30-0,92]; p<0.01). There were no significant differences at NME pre- and post-training in CT and Total Work did not differ between groups. Reciprocal training provided better neuromuscular efficiency, but effects were limited to the rectus femoris muscle. The small effect sizes suggest caution in the results.
Biomechanical characterization of swimmers with physical disabilities
Authors: Junior Valdir , Medeiros Alexandre , Jesus Kelly , Garrido Nuno Domingos , Corredeira Rui , Daly Daniel , Fernandes Ricardo Jorge
Published: January 2019

The evaluation of swimming technique is one of the main aspects to be considered in any training program, with biomechanics being an important source of knowledge. It was our objective to characterize the biomechanical parameters (SL and SF) relating them to the swimming velocity (v) at different intensities and to analyze within each swimming stroke cycle the intra-cyclic velocity variation (IVV) in a group of motor disabled swimmers. Eight disabled male swimmers (25.83 ± 2.93 years old, 72.45 ± 9.26 kg body mass and 1.79 ± 0.11 m of height) of the following functional classes: S6 (n = 1), S8 (n = 2) and S9 (n = 5) participated in this study. Swimmers were evaluated in the kinematic parameters v, stroke frequency (SF) and stroke length (SL) along with an incremental protocol of 6 x 200 m in the the crawl stroke. Data were registered in each step at the distances of 100 and 175 m. With increasing velocity, the mean values of SL decreased while the mean values of SF increased. To achieve higher swimming velocities, swimmers compensated the lack of the propulsive segment increasing SF to increase swimming speed. For the mean values of IVV at 100m distance, a decrease between the first and second levels, followed by a tendency to stabilize from the 2nd to the 6th level is presented. For the 175 m distance, there was a decrease in IVV with an increase in swimming velocity. Stroke frequency is directly related to the magnitude of IVV, which directly influences swimming performance.
Universidad y patrones de género en el primer franquismo. Continuidades y rupturas en la enseñanza universitaria: alumnas, doctoras y profesoras
Authors: Saavedra Mitjans Helena
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la presencia de las mujeres universitarias en el Distrito Universitario de Barcelona como estudio de caso desde dos perspectivas temporales distintas. Por un lado, se analiza en detalle la presencia de las alumnas y profesoras de la Universidad de Barcelona durante el período del primer franquismo (1939–1957). Por el otro, se presenta una visión de conjunto sobre la presencia de las mujeres, como alumnas, en la enseñanza superior a la largo del siglo xx (1917–1987). Desde la disciplina histórica, cuantificar y caracterizar quiénes eran las mujeres en distintas etapas cronológicas es esencial, primeramente, porque permite ampliar el conocimiento histórico sobre este objeto de estudio en España e ir más allá de las pioneras. Además, cubrir el vacío existente sobre esos primeros años de la dictadura resulta clave para poder unir las dos etapas históricas más estudiadas: el primer tercio del siglo xx y la etapa democrática posterior a la transición. Solo reconstruyendo las continuidades y transformaciones que tuvieron lugar entre 1939 y 1957 e insertándolas en un contexto más global, se puede valorar si la instauración del nuevo régimen político supuso un cambio (y en qué grado) en las dinámicas de crecimiento de la población universitaria femenina y si la redistribución del alumnado entre las distintas facultades (preferencias de estudio) se modificó.
Body size-dependent energy storage causes Kleiber’s law scaling of the metabolic rate in planarians
Authors: Thommen Albert , Werner Steffen , Frank Olga , Philipp Jenny , Knittelfelder Oskar , Quek Yihui , Fahmy Karim , Shevchenko Andrej , Friedrich Benjamin M , Jülicher Frank , Rink Jochen C
Published: January 2019

Kleiber’s law, or the 3/4 -power law scaling of the metabolic rate with body mass, is considered one of the few quantitative laws in biology, yet its physiological basis remains unknown. Here, we report Kleiber’s law scaling in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Its reversible and life history-independent changes in adult body mass over 3 orders of magnitude reveal that Kleiber’s law does not emerge from the size-dependent decrease in cellular metabolic rate, but from a size-dependent increase in mass per cell. Through a combination of experiment and theoretical analysis of the organismal energy balance, we further show that the mass allometry is caused by body size dependent energy storage. Our results reveal the physiological origins of Kleiber’s law in planarians and have general implications for understanding a fundamental scaling law in biology.
Identification and characterisation of hypomethylated DNA loci controlling quantitative resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Furci Leonardo , Jain Ritushree , Stassen Joost , Berkowitz Oliver , Whelan James , Roquis David , Baillet Victoire , Colot Vincent , Johannes Frank , Ton Jurriaan
Published: January 2019

Variation in DNA methylation enables plants to inherit traits independently of changes to DNA sequence. Here, we have screened an Arabidopsis population of epigenetic recombinant inbred lines (epiRILs) for resistance against Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). These lines share the same genetic background, but show variation in heritable patterns of DNA methylation. We identified four epigenetic quantitative trait loci (epiQTLs) that provide quantitative resistance without reducing plant growth or resistance to other (a)biotic stresses. Phenotypic characterisation and RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Hpa-resistant epiRILs are primed to activate defence responses at the relatively early stages of infection. Collectively, our results show that hypomethylation at selected pericentromeric regions is sufficient to provide quantitative disease resistance, which is associated with genome-wide priming of defence-related genes. Based on comparisons of global gene expression and DNA methylation between the wild-type and resistant epiRILs, we discuss mechanisms by which the pericentromeric epiQTLs could regulate the defence-related transcriptome.
RNA-binding proteins distinguish between similar sequence motifs to promote targeted deadenylation by Ccr4-Not
Authors: Webster Michael W , Stowell James AW , Passmore Lori A
Published: January 2019

The Ccr4-Not complex removes mRNA poly(A) tails to regulate eukaryotic mRNA stability and translation. RNA-binding proteins contribute to specificity by interacting with both Ccr4-Not and target mRNAs, but this is not fully understood. Here, we reconstitute accelerated and selective deadenylation of RNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) and Pumilio-response elements (PREs). We find that the fission yeast homologues of Tristetraprolin/TTP and Pumilio/Puf (Zfs1 and Puf3) interact with Ccr4-Not via multiple regions within low-complexity sequences, suggestive of a multipartite interface that extends beyond previously defined interactions. Using a two-color assay to simultaneously monitor poly(A) tail removal from different RNAs, we demonstrate that Puf3 can distinguish between RNAs of very similar sequence. Analysis of binding kinetics reveals that this is primarily due to differences in dissociation rate constants. Consequently, motif quality is a major determinant of mRNA stability for Puf3 targets in vivo and can be used for the prediction of mRNA targets.
Spiculous skeleton formation in the freshwater spongeEphydatia fluviatilisunder hypergravity conditions
Authors: Bart Martijn C. , de Vet Sebastiaan J. , de Bakker Didier M. , Alexander Brittany E. , van Oevelen Dick , van Loon E. Emiel , van Loon Jack J.W.A. , de Goeij Jasper M.
Published: January 2019

Successful dispersal of freshwater sponges depends on the formation of dormant sponge bodies (gemmules) under adverse conditions. Gemmule formation allows the sponge to overcome critical environmental conditions, for example, desiccation or freezing, and to re-establish as a fully developed sponge when conditions are more favorable. A key process in sponge development from hatched gemmules is the construction of the silica skeleton. Silica spicules form the structural support for the three-dimensional filtration system the sponge uses to filter food particles from ambient water. We studied the effect of different hypergravity forces (1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 ×gfor 48 h)—as measure for environmental stress—on the ability of developing sponges to set-up their spiculous skeleton. Additionally, we assessed whether the addition of nutrients (i.e., dissolved13C- and15N-labeled amino acids) compensates for this stress. Our results show that freshwater sponges can withstand prolonged periods of hypergravity exposure and successfully set-up their skeleton, even after 48 h under 20 ×g. Developing sponges were found to take up and assimilate dissolved food before forming a functional filtering system. However, fed and non-fed sponges showed no differences in skeleton formation and relative surface area growth, suggesting that the gemmules’ intrinsic energy fulfills the processes of skeleton construction. Additionally, non-fed sponges formed oscula significantly more often than fed sponges, especially under higherg-forces. This suggests that the eventual formation of a filtration system might be stimulated by food deprivation and environmentally stressful conditions. These findings indicate that the process of spiculous skeleton formation is energy-efficient and highly resilient. The uptake of dissolved food substances by freshwater sponges may contribute to the cycling of dissolved organic matter in freshwater ecosystems where sponges are abundant.
Long-term effects of straw and straw-derived biochar on soil aggregation and fungal community in a rice–wheat rotation system
Authors: Bai Naling , Zhang Hanlin , Li Shuangxi , Zheng Xianqing , Zhang Juanqin , Zhang Haiyun , Zhou Sheng , Sun Huifeng , Lv Weiguang
Published: January 2019

Background

Soil aggregation is fundamental for soil functioning and agricultural productivity. Aggregate formation depends on microbial activity influencing the production of exudates and hyphae, which in turn act as binding materials. Fungi are also important for improving soil quality and promoting plant growth in a symbiotic manner. There is a scarcity of findings comparing the long-term impacts of different yearly double-crop straw return modes (e.g., straw return to the field and straw-derived biochar return to the field) on soil aggregation and fungal community structure in rice–wheat rotation systems.

Methods

The effects of 6-year continuous straw and straw-derived biochar amendment on soil physicochemical properties and the fungal community were evaluated in an intensively managed crop rotation system (rice–wheat). Soil samples of different aggregates (macroaggregates, microaggregates, and silt clay) from four different fertilization regimes (control, CK; traditional inorganic fertilization, CF; straw returned to field, CS; straw-derived biochar addition, CB) were obtained, and Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis of the fungal internal transcribed spacer gene was performed.

Results

Compared to CF, CS and CB enhanced soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and aggregation in 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil, with CB exhibiting a stronger effect. Additionally, agrowaste addition increased the mean weight diameter and the geometric diameter and decreased the fractal dimension (p < 0.05). Principal coordinates analysis indicated that fertilization management affected fungal community structure and aggregation distribution. In addition, CS increased fungal community richness and diversity, compared to CK, CB decreased these aspects. Ascomycota, unclassified_k_Fungi, and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla in all soil samples. At the genus level, CB clearly increased fungi decomposing biosolids (Articulospora in macroaggregates in 0–20 cm soil and Neurospora in macroaggregates in 20–40 cm soil); decreased pathogenic fungi (Monographella in macroaggregates and Gibberella in microaggregates in 0–20 cm soil) and CO2-emission-related fungi (Pyrenochaetopsis in microaggregates and silt clay in 0–40 cm soil) (p < 0.05). Straw and biochar with inorganic fertilizer counteracted some of the adverse effects of the inorganic fertilizer with biochar showing better effects than straw.
Alcohol withdrawal-related outcomes associated with gabapentin use in an inpatient psychiatric facility
Authors: Nichols Taylor A. , Robert Sophie , Taber David J. , Cluver Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Limited evidence exists evaluating the impact of gabapentin in conjunction with benzodiazepines for the management of alcohol withdrawal. A review of outcomes associated with combination gabapentin and benzodiazepine therapy may illuminate new therapeutic uses in clinical practice.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated the impact of gabapentin on as-needed use of benzodiazepines in inpatients being treated for acute alcohol withdrawal. The treatment cohort consisted of patients prescribed gabapentin while on a symptom-triggered alcohol withdrawal protocol. The control cohort consisted of patients on symptom-triggered alcohol withdrawal protocol without concurrent gabapentin use. Secondary objectives included length of hospital stay, duration on alcohol withdrawal protocol, frequency of complicated withdrawal, and use of additionally prescribed as-needed or scheduled benzodiazepines.

Results

The gabapentin cohort was on the alcohol withdrawal protocol for a similar duration, compared with the control cohort (median of 4 [interquartile range: 2,6] days vs 3 [2,4] days, P = .09, respectively). Similarly, the gabapentin cohort required a median of 1 [1,2] benzodiazepine dose for alcohol withdrawal symptoms compared with a median of 1 [1,2] dose in the control cohort, P = .89. No significant difference was found between cohorts for as-needed and scheduled benzodiazepine use. Length of stay in hospital was similar between groups.

Discussion

These results suggest that gabapentin use, in conjunction with benzodiazepines, impacts neither the time on alcohol withdrawal protocol or the number of benzodiazepine doses required for withdrawal. Larger, prospective studies are needed to detect if gabapentin alters benzodiazepine usage and to better elucidate gabapentin's role in acute alcohol withdrawal.
Antipsychotic use and fracture risk: An evaluation of incidence at a Veterans Affairs medical center
Authors: Weaver Jabe , Kawsky Jaclyn , Corboy Alexander
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Recent meta-analyses have found a correlation between schizophrenia and increased fracture risk with one contributing factor potentially being antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia, which may accelerate bone turnover. The objective of this study is to evaluate fracture rates in patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy to see if screening for osteoporosis should be included with routine monitoring.

Methods

Patients exposed to antipsychotics for ≥3 months during a 10-year study period were included in this retrospective analysis. The primary outcome was to compare fracture rates in those exposed to long-term antipsychotics to a control group with similar demographics and comorbidities not receiving antipsychotics. Secondary outcomes included examining the risk of fracture by medication use and comorbid disease states associated with causing osteoporosis, vitamin D level monitoring and fracture presence, and the time to first fracture.

Results

Long-term use of antipsychotics was not associated with an increased rate of fractures compared to the control group in this study. End-stage renal disease, tobacco use, alcohol use, glucocorticoids, antiepileptics, and proton pump inhibitors were associated with higher risk of fracture (P < .05). Vitamin D level monitoring and supplementation was found to be a protective factor and lowered the risk of fracture.

Discussion

Long-term antipsychotic use is not associated with an increased risk of fractures. Further long-term prospective studies are necessary to further investigate this correlation. Screening for osteoporosis should follow guideline-driven recommendations for at-risk populations.
Evaluation of oral antipsychotic supplementation of select second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics in an acute-care psychiatric setting
Authors: Alastanos Jennifer N. , Paxos Chris , Emshoff Jessica
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics were developed to increase medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved LAI dosing provides guidance regarding oral antipsychotic supplementation. Previous studies have concluded concomitant use of oral and LAI antipsychotics requires further investigation. The aim of this study was to examine oral antipsychotic supplementation among patients receiving select second-generation LAIs.

Methods

Patients were included if they were admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit and received a second-generation LAI. The primary outcome was to determine the percentage of patients receiving oral antipsychotic supplementation prescribed in accordance with FDA recommendations. Secondary outcomes described oral supplementation prescribed in an inconsistent manner with FDA recommendations and identified patient-specific predictors associated with oral supplementation prescribed consistent with FDA recommendations.

Results

Of the 422 patients evaluated, 376 patients met inclusion criteria. Oral supplementation was prescribed in a manner consistent with FDA recommendations in 30% of patients. The following predictors were associated with oral supplementation prescribed in accordance with FDA recommendations: LAI initiation (odds ratio 1.868, 95% confidence interval 1.120-3.125) and the use of the once-monthly paliperidone LAI (odds ratio 20.278, 95% confidence interval 10.472-39.873).

Discussion

In the patient population evaluated, oral supplementation of LAI antipsychotics were prescribed in 30% of patients in a manner consistent with FDA recommendations. Of the patients who were prescribed oral antipsychotic supplementation inconsistent with FDA labeling, 223 patients were prescribed oral supplementation longer than the recommended duration and 8 patients received oral supplementation for a shorter duration than recommended.
Relationship between mirtazapine dose and incidence of adrenergic side effects: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Shuman Michael , Chukwu Athena , Van Veldhuizen Nathan , Miller Steven A.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Mirtazapine is an antidepressant with US Food and Drug Administration approval for management of major depressive disorder. Low doses of mirtazapine are often used for management of insomnia, with higher doses expected to provide more noradrenergic effect, and thus a higher degree of activation. If so, use of higher doses at bedtime may not be advisable and may worsen certain neuropsychiatric symptoms. No studies have been performed to evaluate these outcomes.

Methods

This study consisted of a retrospective review of data submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System from January 1, 1995, to August 1, 2015. Cases that were deemed by study authors to represent activation of the noradrenergic system, and for which other confounders could not be identified, were included in the final analysis. The frequency of each specific adverse event was evaluated based on dose and compared to recent prescribing rates to determine if likelihood of a side effect increased with higher dose.

Results

The study identified 308 incidences of anxiety, agitation, delusion, hallucination, hypertension, insomnia, nightmare, or tachycardia. After controlling for frequency of prescribing at a given dose, there was a statistically significant increase in rates of tachycardia which correlated with dose. However, after correction for multiple comparisons, results were no longer significant.

Discussion

This study failed to support the hypothesis that mirtazapine is more activating at higher doses and appears to support the safety of increasing dose without increasing risk of noradrenergic side effects. Prospective studies will be necessary to confirm these findings.
Pap smear: profile of women and assisted quality assessment and access to the service / Exame citopatológico de câncer de colo do útero: acesso e qualidade no atendimento
Authors: Souza Andréa Thaise Magalhães de , Suto Cleuma Sueli Santos , Costa Laura Emmanuela Lima , Almeida Eliana Do Sacramento de , Oliveira Jones Sidnei Barbosa de , Evangelista Taiana Jambeiro
Published: January 2019

Objetivo: conhecer o acesso e a qualidade ao Papanicolaou a partir do olhar das usuárias e da cobertura dos exames realizados. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa utilizou-se para coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada com 30 mulheres e para os dados secundários, o SISCOLO. Resultados: As participantes em sua maioria tinham entre 35 a 44 anos, iniciado vida sexual antes dos 19 anos e 30% apresentavam conhecimento inadequado sobre o exame. A análise de conteúdo temática resultou em três categorias: acesso/conhecimento; sentimentos, ética e confidencialidade/informação; acolhimento e avaliação da assistência prestada pela enfermeira. Conclusão: O longo tempo de espera e a falta de confidencialidade nos resultados (92%) são elementos dificultadores do acesso. As principias lesões foram as de baixo grau e entre as mulheres com 25 a 29 anos. Portanto, o rastreamento para o câncer de colo do útero mostrou-se pouco efetivo, desigual e com baixa cobertura.