bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bio‐polyols synthesized by liquefaction of cellulose: Influence of liquefaction solvent molecular weight
Authors: Olszewski Adam , Kosmela Paulina , Piszczyk Łukasz
Published: May 2023

Currently, the plastics industry including polyurethanes is based on the use of petrochemicals. For this reason, scientists are looking for new types of renewable resources for the substitution of petrochemical substances. This work aims to evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycols (PEG) with different molecular mass impact on properties of bio‐based polyols synthesized via biomass liquefaction of cellulose. To date, research has mostly focused on the use of different biomass sources, but the area of bio‐polyols synthesis with PEG with various molecular weights has not been explored in depth. For this reason, polyols were synthesized using PEG with a molecular weight in the range of 200–600 g/mol. Depending on the type of liquefaction solvent, the bio‐polyols showed a hydroxyl value of 519–652 mgKOH/g, a viscosity of 0.736–1.415 Pa∙s, and a water content below 1%. Observed difference may be related to change of reactivity of the PEG chains caused by steric hindrance of longer chains and the difference in the amount of reactive OH groups. These findings add substantially to understanding of the influence of liquefaction solvent molecular mass on the properties of new bio‐polyols and those of polyurethane materials.
Optical and electrical properties of polyethylene oxide‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/NiZnFeO4 NPs nanocomposite films
Authors: Al‐Bataineh Qais M. , Aljarrah Ihsan , Ahmad Ahmad A. , Alsaad Ahmad M. , Telfah Ahmad D.
Published: May 2023

Polyethylene oxide‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEO‐PEDOT) nanocomposite films ‐ incorporated with nanoparticles () were deposited using a dip‐coating technique. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed peaks at 35.4, 43.2, 54.5, and 56.3° diffraction angles, corresponding to diffraction planes of , , , and , respectively. The PEO‐PEDOT film exhibited a smooth amorphous nature with a sheet nanostructure behavior. The incorporation of NPs into the PEO‐PEDOT nanocomposite films led to an increase in surface roughness and thermal stability. The nanocomposite films also exhibited sheet nanostructure behavior as observed by SEM micrographs. The bandgap energies of the films, as deduced from the Tauc plot, exhibited a monotonic decrease from 3.91 to 3.60 eV as the concentration increased from 0 to 8 wt%. A mathematical model was formulated to predict the bandgap energies versus concentration. Additionally, the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite films increased monotonically from 0.46 to 1.30 mS cm−1 as the concentration increased from 0 to 8 wt%, as determined by 4‐point probe. The observed correlation between the optical and electrical properties of the nanocomposite films indicates promising prospects for utilizing these materials in optoelectronic devices.
Long‐term monitoring to inform the geophysical detection of archaeological ditch anomalies in different climatic conditions
Authors: Boddice Daniel , Metje Nicole , Chapman David
Published: May 2023

Contrasts in electromagnetic properties between the target feature and surrounding soil are of importance for detection of archaeological features with Ground Penetrating Radar. These vary because of changing climatic conditions and soil type and are currently poorly understood. Long‐term in situ monitoring of apparent relative dielectric permittivity, bulk electrical conductivity and soil temperature over two archaeological ditch features on sites with different soil types (one clay and one free draining) was employed to understand the detection dynamics and processes by which these properties change over time. Results were correlated with geotechnical properties of the soil for both archaeological ditchfills and the surrounding natural soil matrix and previously derived laboratory relationships between water content, temperature and geophysical properties to find the timing and reasons for the optimum geophysical contrasts. Monitoring included two distinct, relatively stable periods: one wet and one dry. In contrast to previous perception that there are significant differences in infiltration between the ditch and surrounding natural soil, time‐lagged correlation analysis showed no significant differences in infiltration speed. The key differences between archaeological and natural soils were the amount of water held in a saturated state, the rates at which the different soils dried and the temperature. Thus, the optimum time for surveys was after a sustained period of several days of hot (>15°C) weather, which accentuates both water content and temperature contrasts. However, on freely draining sites that had a greater difference in the soil texture and therefore water holding capacity between the archaeological and natural soils, the timing is less critical.
V‐Set Immunoglobulin Domain–Containing Protein 4 as a Novel Serum Biomarker of Lupus Nephritis and Renal Pathology Activity
Authors: Tang Chenling , Zhang Shu , Teymur Aygun , Yang Bowen , Nazir Fariz , Cai Qi , Saxena Ramesh , Olsen Nancy J. , Mohan Chandra , Wu Tianfu
Published: May 2023

Objective

To discover novel serum biomarkers that have diagnostic or predictive value in lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods

Using a quantitative protein microarray, we screened for high‐abundant proteome expression in the serum of patients with LN compared to healthy controls. Top candidates from this screening were validated using a larger cohort of patients with LN compared to a disease control cohort (subjects with other chronic kidney diseases) and a healthy control cohort. Promising markers were then selected using a machine‐learning model and further validated with a larger patient cohort. The corresponding autoantibodies and immune complexes containing these proteins were also examined.

Results

In total, 13 proteins were found to be significantly elevated in LN patient serum in the screening, among which 8 proteins were validated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using 81 serum samples from LN patients and control subjects. Three serum markers with LN diagnostic potential were identified using feature importance analysis and further validated using 155 serum samples from LN patients and control subjects. V‐set immunoglobulin domain–containing protein 4 (VSIG4) appeared to be the most promising marker in distinguishing LN from healthy controls, with an area under the curve of 0.93. VSIG4 could also discriminate active LN from inactive LN. Furthermore, serum VSIG4 levels were positively correlated with all of the following clinical parameters: the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score (Spearman's rank correlation rs = 0.42, P < 0.001), the renal domain score of the SLEDAI (rs = 0.46, P < 0.001), the urinary protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (rs = 0.56, P < 0.001), and the serum creatinine level (rs = 0.41, P < 0.001). Importantly, we found that serum VSIG4 levels tracked with LN disease activity longitudinally, and that serum VSIG4 levels reflected the renal pathology activity index (AI), particularly the AI components of crescent formation and hyaline deposits.

Conclusion

VSIG4 may be a promising novel serum biomarker and therapeutic target in patients with LN.

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Hochleistungsaerogelbeton – Verbundtragverhalten mit Bewehrungsstäben aus GFK
Authors: Heidrich Till , Welsch Torsten
Published: May 2023

Das Verbundverhalten zwischen Bewehrungsstäben und Beton hat einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf das gesamte Tragverhalten sowie die Gebrauchstauglichkeit bewehrter Betonbauteile. Für glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe (GFK) in Verbindung mit Normalbeton (NC) wurden in der Vergangenheit umfassende Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass das Verbundverhalten von GFK‐Bewehrung sowohl durch den umgebenden Beton als auch durch die produktspezifischen Eigenschaften (Geometrie, Werkstoffe) der Bewehrungsstäbe maßgeblich bestimmt wird. Für die Herstellung bewehrter Bauteile aus Hochleistungsaerogelbeton (HPAC), für die wegen der Wärmeleitfähigkeit vorzugsweise GFK‐Bewehrungselemente zum Einsatz kommen sollten, liegen bislang keine Untersuchungen zum Verbundverhalten vor. Da eine einfache Extrapolation des Verbundverhaltens von GFK‐Bewehrung in Normalbeton auf andere Betone nicht möglich ist, wurden in den nachstehend vorgestellten Untersuchungen 48 Ausziehversuche zur Erfassung des Verbundverhaltens durchgeführt. Zum Vergleich mit Ergebnissen aus anderen Veröffentlichungen wurde zudem anhand 24 weiterer Ausziehversuche das Verbundverhalten von GFK‐Bewehrung in NC untersucht. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse wurden sowohl für HPAC als auch für NC analytische Verbundspannungs‐Schlupf‐Modelle abgeleitet. Anschließend wurden diese Verbundspannungs‐Schlupf‐Beziehungen in ein FE‐Modell integriert und mit den Ergebnissen der experimentellen Untersuchungen verglichen.
Dauerhaftigkeit und Langzeitverhalten von Hochleistungsaerogelbeton (HPAC)
Authors: Fickler Silvia , Vievers Yannick , Rhau Marcel
Published: May 2023

In verschiedenen Veröffentlichungen wurde über die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Betons auf der Basis von Silica‐Aerogelen, dem sogenannten Hochleistungsaerogelbeton (High Performance Aerogel Concrete, HPAC) berichtet. Neben den hervorragenden Brand‐ und Schallschutzeigenschaften verfügt HPAC über eine sehr geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei relativ hoher Druckfestigkeit und ist daher für die Herstellung monolithischer Außenbauteile ohne zusätzliche Wärmedämmung geeignet. Um die Einsatz‐ und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des neuen Werkstoffs zu erweitern, wurde dieser seit seiner Vorstellung im Jahr 2016 am Institut für Massivbau der Universität Duisburg‐Essen kontinuierlich optimiert und weiterentwickelt. Dies betrifft beispielsweise die Optimierung des Werkstoffs hinsichtlich des Materialgefüges und den Einsatz alternativer Bindemittel oder die Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens unter Druck‐ und Zugbeanspruchung. HPAC soll zukünftig vorrangig im Hochbau für monolithische Außenwände von Gebäuden Verwendung finden, welche die Vorgaben nach Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV)/Gebäudeenergiegesetz (GEG) erfüllen. Um in Zukunft weitere Bereiche und Anwendungsfelder erschließen zu können, ist ein Blick auf die Dauerhaftigkeitseigenschaften unabdingbar, die im Rahmen des Beitrags vorgestellt werden.
Breakthrough in CRISPR/Cas system: Current and future directions and challenges
Authors: Ali Ahmad , Zafar Muhammad Mubashar , Farooq Zunaira , Ahmed Syed Riaz , Ijaz Aqsa , Anwar Zunaira , Abbas Huma , Tariq Muhammad Sayyam , Tariq Hala , Mustafa Mahwish , Bajwa Mubasher Hussain , Shaukat Fiza , Razzaq Abdul , Maozhi Ren
Published: May 2023

Targeted genome editing (GE) technology has brought a significant revolution in fictional genomic research and given hope to plant scientists to develop desirable varieties. This technology involves inducing site‐specific DNA perturbations that can be repaired through DNA repair pathways. GE products currently include CRISPR‐associated nuclease DNA breaks, prime editors generated DNA flaps, single nucleotide‐modifications, transposases, and recombinases. The discovery of double‐strand breaks, site‐specific nucleases (SSNs), and repair mechanisms paved the way for targeted GE, and the first‐generation GE tools, ZFNs and TALENs, were successfully utilized in plant GE. However, CRISPR‐Cas has now become the preferred tool for GE due to its speed, reliability, and cost‐effectiveness. Plant functional genomics has benefited significantly from the widespread use of CRISPR technology for advancements and developments. This review highlights the progress made in CRISPR technology, including multiplex editing, base editing (BE), and prime editing (PE), as well as the challenges and potential delivery mechanisms.
Protective effects of Typhonii Rhizoma in rheumatoid arthritis rats revealed by integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology
Authors: Zhang Xinya , Wang Biying , Chen Suiqing , Fu Yu
Published: May 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with a 0.5% prevalence worldwide. Inflammation, periosteal proliferation and joint destruction are the main clinical symptoms of RA. Typhonii Rhizoma (TR) is the dry tuber of the Araceae plant Typhonium giganteum Engl, and possesses many uses such as dispelling obstructive wind‐phlegm and relieving pain. It is used for the clinical treatment of arthromyodynia and RA. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we first evaluated the effects of TR in type II collagen‐induced RA model rats. Secondly, in serum metabolomics, TR could ameliorate 11 potential metabolites in RA model rats and reversed RA through pentose and glucuronate interconversions, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. To further explore the mechanisms of TR, 40 chemical constituents were used to establish a component–target interaction network. Some key genes were verified by in vitro pharmacological tests by integrating the results from the network pharmacology and metabolomics. The verification results showed that the mechanisms of TR against RA may be related to the inhibition of the production of inflammatory cytokines and the expression and function of HIF1‐α. This study serves as a theoretical basis for the treatment of RA with TR.
rTMS treatment for abrogating intracerebral hemorrhage‐induced brain parenchymal metabolite clearance dysfunction in male mice by regulating intracranial lymphatic drainage
Authors: Liu Yuheng , Liu Xuanhui , Sun Pengju , Li Jing , Nie Meng , Gong Junjie , He Anqi , Zhao Mingyu , Yang Chen , Wang Zengguang
Published: May 2023

Background

The discovery of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels challenged the traditional view regarding the lack of a lymphatic system in the central nervous system. It is now known that the intracranial lymphatic system plays an important role in fluid transport, macromolecule uptake, and immune cell trafficking. Studies have also shown that the function of the intracranial lymphatic system is significantly associated with neurological diseases; for example, an impaired intracranial lymphatic system can lead to Tau deposition and an increased lymphocyte count in the brain tissue of mice with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods

In this study, we assessed the changes in the intracranial lymphatic system after intracerebral hemorrhage and the regulatory effects of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation on the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels in an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model of male mice. Experimental mice were divided into three groups: Sham, ICH, and ICH + repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Three days after ICH, mice in the ICH+rTMS group were subjected to rTMS daily for 7 days. Thereafter, the function of the intracranial lymphatic system, clearance of RITC‐dextran and FITC‐dextran, and neurological functions were evaluated.

Results

Compared with the Sham group, the ICH group had an impaired glymphatic system. Importantly, rTMS treatment could improve intracranial lymphatic system function as well as behavioral functions and enhance the clearance of parenchymal RITC‐dextran and FITC‐dextran after ICH.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that rTMS can abrogate ICH‐induced brain parenchymal metabolite clearance dysfunction by regulating intracranial lymphatic drainage.
An AIE‐active bacterial inhibitor and photosensitizer for selective imaging, killing, and photodynamic inactivation of bacteria over mammalian cells
Authors: Wang Fei , Shi Yupeng , Ho Po‐Yu , Zhao Engui , Kam Chuen , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Xin , Pan Yue , Chen Sijie
Published: May 2023

Photodynamic therapy is becoming increasingly popular for combat of bacteria. In the clinical photodynamic combat of bacteria, one critical issue is to avoid the potential damage to the host since the reactive oxygen species produced by photosensitizers are also harmful to mammalian cells. In this work, we report an aggregation‐induced‐emission‐active bacterial inhibitor and photosensitizer, OEO‐TPE‐MEM (OTM), for the imaging, killing, and light‐enhanced inactivation of bacteria. OTM could efficiently bind to and kill Gram‐positive bacteria, while its affinity to Gram‐negative bacteria is lower, and a higher OTM concentration is required for killing Gram‐negative bacteria. OTM is also an efficient photosensitizer and could efficiently sensitize the production of reactive oxygen species, which enhances its killing effect on both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. More interestingly, OTM is very biocompatible with normal mammalian cells both in the dark and under light irradiation. OTM in mice models with bacteria‐infected wounds could promote the healing of infected wounds without affecting their organs and blood parameters, which makes it an excellent candidate for clinical applications.
The implications of the anatomy of the nerves and vessels in the treatment of rectosigmoid endometriosis
Authors: Centini Gabriele , Labanca Luca , Giorgi Matteo , Martire Francesco Giuseppe , Catania Francesco , Zupi Errico , Lazzeri Lucia
Published: May 2023

Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. It can be defined as endometrioma, superficial peritoneal endometriosis or deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) depending on the location and the depth of infiltration of the organs. In 5%–12% of cases, DIE affects the digestive tract, frequently involving the distal part of the sigmoid colon and rectum. Surgery is generally recommended in cases of obstructive symptoms and in cases with pain that is non‐responsive to medical treatment. Selection of the most optimal surgical technique for the treatment of bowel endometriosis must consider different variables, including the number of lesions, eventual multifocal lesions, as well as length, width and grade of infiltration into the bowel wall. Except for some major and widely accepted indications regarding bowel resection, established international guidelines are not clear on when to employ a more conservative approach like rectal shaving or discoid resection, and when, instead, to opt for bowel resection. Damage to the pelvic autonomic nervous system may be avoided by detection of the middle rectal artery, where its relationship with female pelvic nerve fibers allows its use as an anatomical landmark. To reduce the risk of potential vascular and nervous complications related to bowel resection, a less invasive approach such as shaving or discoid resection can be considered as potential treatment options. Additionally, the middle rectal artery can be used as a reference point in cases of upper bowel resection, where a trans mesorectal technique should be preferred to prevent devascularization and denervation of the bowel segments not affected by the disease.
Improved diagnosis of colorectal cancer using combined biomarkers including Fusobacterium nucleatum, fecal occult blood, transferrin, CEA, CA19‐9, gender, and age
Authors: Zhao Ran , Xia Dongge , Chen Yingwei , Kai Zhentian , Ruan Fangying , Xia Chaoran , Gong Jingkai , Wu Jun , Wang Xueliang
Published: May 2023

Background

Conventional blood and stool tests are normally used for early screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) but the accuracy and efficiency remain to be improved. Recent findings suggest Fusobacterium nucleatum to be a biomarker for CRC. This study evaluated the role of F. nucleatum and developed CRC diagnostic models by combining F. nucleatum with fecal occult blood (FOB), transferrin (TRF), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9), gender, and age.

Materials and Methods

Candidates including 71 healthy individuals and 59 CRC patients were recruited. Abundance of F. nucleatum in stool or tissue samples was measured by quantitative real‐time PCR. CEA, CA19‐9, TRF, and FOB were measured in parallel. These biomarkers together with genders and ages were the seven parameters used to develop CRC diagnostic models. Ten different machine learning algorithms were tested to achieve the best performance.

Results

Fecal F. nucleatum abundance was found significantly higher in CRC group compared to healthy group (p = 0.0005). Among the CRC patients, F. nucleatum abundance in tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissue (p = 0.0087). CRC diagnostic models using different parameters were generated based on Logistic Regression algorithm, which showed good performance. The area under the curve (AUC) score of fecal F. nucleatum as the single diagnostic biomarker was 0.68 while the accuracy was 0.56. The diagnostic performance was obviously improved with the highest AUC (0.93) and accuracy (0.87) achieved when using all the 7 clinical parameters. The combination F. nucleatum + FOB + gender + age had the second highest AUC (0.92) and accuracy (0.85). A more utilitarian model using F. nucleatum + FOB showed relatively high AUC at 0.86 and accuracy at 0.81.

Conclusions

F. nucleatum is valuable for CRC diagnosis. Combination of different clinical parameters could significantly improve CRC diagnostic performance. The combination F. nucleatum + FOB + gender + age may be an effective and noninvasive method for clinical application.
Expect to see rapid uptick in NIL enforcement
Authors: Stein Callan , Brolley Christopher , Marko Mia , Broczkowski Brett
Published: May 2023

College athletics departments can expect to see a rapid uptick in name, image, and likeness enforcement actions stemming from the NCAA's new charging standard for NIL violations that went into effect on Jan. 1, 2023, which governs how the NCAA will investigate, charge, process, and punish NIL violations. Although the actual implications remain to be seen, there's little doubt these documents will greatly impact how the NCAA will carry out NIL enforcement. Here, we recommend practical, precautionary actions that institutions can take to avoid running afoul of the NCAA's NIL policies.
Microlevers™ — small moves for big workplace culture change
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura
Published: May 2023

Higher education professionals can use small actions to create greater, better, more joyous, more engaged workplace cultures.
Get to know the new CFO of the NCAA
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2023

There was a time when Mario Morris, now Senior Vice President of Administration and Chief Financial Officer for the NCAA since September of 2022, couldn't have imagined embarking on a career in college athletics.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation andin SilicoStudies of 3‐Hydroxy‐N‐(2‐(substituted phenyl)‐4‐oxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)‐2‐napthamide Derivatives
Authors: Kamboj Shikha , Thakral Samridhi , Kumar Sunil , Singh Vikramjeet
Published: May 2023

In the present study, a series of 3‐hydroxy‐N‐(2‐(substituted phenyl)‐4‐oxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)‐2‐napthamide derivatives were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for theirin vitroactivity, i. e., antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory. The target compounds were synthesized by condensation reaction of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid hydrazide with substituted benzaldehydes which were subjected to cyclization reaction with thioglycolic acid and ZnCl2to get target compounds. The synthesized 3‐hydroxy‐N‐(2‐(substituted phenyl)‐4‐oxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)‐2‐napthamide derivatives were examined for their antimicrobial activity and 3‐hydroxy‐N‐(4‐oxo‐2‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)thiazolidin‐3‐yl)‐2‐naphthamide (S20) exhibited the highest antimicrobial potential. The N′‐(2,3‐dichlorobenzylidene)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthohydrazide (S5) displayed good antifungal potential againstRhizopus oryzae, whereas N′‐(2,3‐dichlorobenzylidene)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthohydrazide (S20) showed the highest antioxidant potential and N‐(2‐(2,6‐dichlorophenyl)‐4‐oxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthamide (S16) displayed the highest anti‐inflammatory activity. The results of molecular docking studies revealed that existence of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with their respective proteins.In silicoADMET studies were carried out by Molinspiration, Pre‐ADMET and OSIRIS property explorer to predict the pharmacokinetic behaviour of synthesized 3‐hydroxy‐N‐(2‐(substituted phenyl)‐4‐oxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)‐2‐napthamide derivatives.
Study on Calceolarioside A Anti‐Aβ25–35‐Induced Damage in SH‐SY5Y cells by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Chen Yujuan , Qu Kaige , Wang Ying , Zhang Qinghan , Xie Ying , Wang Zuobing
Published: May 2023

Calceolarioside A is a phenylethyl glycoside compound, originally isolated from the bark of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. In this work, the protective effect of Calceolarioside A on beta Amyloid protein induced toxicity in SH‐SY5Y cells was studied. DPPH experiment, MTT assay, SEM, Atomic force microscopy and Colony formation were used to study the activity of Calceolarioside A. The results in this article show that the survival rate of the cells with Calceolarioside A (20–40 mg/mL) was significantly higher than that of the model cells without Calceolarioside A. Calceolarioside A could protect SH‐SY5Y cells by improving some parameters in cells, such as the cell height, Young's modulus, adhesion and branch. In summary, Calceolarioside A can reduce Aβ25–35‐induced damage in SH‐SY5Y cells. It can be a potential medicine to treatment with AD.
Eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiation therapy in two patients diagnosed with prostate cancer
Authors: Barbu Maria Alexandra , Anghel Rodica Maricela , Ricu Gabriel , Tebeica Tiberiu , Patru Raluca , Michire Alexandru
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

We report 2 cases of EPPER diagnosed in patients who received radiation therapy and hormonal therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer. Both our patients developed this rare late toxicity, but early diagnosis and treatment of this adverse event offers a good prognosis, with no unnecessary interruptions of oncological treatment required.

Acute and late adverse events are a major problem for patients receiving radiation therapy. We describe two cases of eosinophilic, polymorphic, and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy (EPPER) syndrome, a very uncommon toxicity that affects cancer patients. Both our cases were men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and were treated with radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. They developed EPPER during and after completing the total radiation dose. Multiple tests and skin biopsies were performed in order to find a superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate, confirming EPPER. The patients received corticotherapy and fully recovered after this treatment. There are a few more cases of EPPER reported in the literature, but the pathogenic mechanism is still unknown. EPPER is an important side effect of radiation therapy and it is probably underdiagnosed, due to its occurrence (usually after completing the oncological treatment).
Apexification of dens evaginatus in a mandibular premolar: A case report
Authors: van der Vyver Peet J. , Vorster Martin , Buchanan Glynn Dale
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Dens evaginatus is an uncommon dental anomaly presenting on mandibular premolar teeth. Affected teeth are difficult to diagnose and manage, and often demonstrate immature apices requiring complex endodontic treatment approaches.

Dens evaginatus (DE) is an uncommon anomaly affecting mandibular premolars, frequently requiring endodontic intervention. This report documents the treatment of an immature mandibular premolar presenting with DE. Early diagnosis and preventive strategies remain the preferred management for these anomalies, however endodontic approaches may be successfully applied to retain these teeth.
Granular parakeratosis involving the dorsum of the hands; skin reactions due to irritant agents: A case report
Authors: Shariat Nia Mohammad , Azhari Vahideh Sadat , Shakoei Safoura
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

We described the first case of granular parakeratosis with an unusual presentation of brown discoloration plaques and multiple erythematous on the dorsal part of the patient's hands. Skin maceration and repeated washing could have led to the development of the lesions.

Granular parakeratosis is a unique acquired keratinization disorder. Here, we described the abnormal presentation of granular parakeratosis. A healthy female aged 27 years old presented brown discoloration plaques and multiple erythematous on the dorsal part of her hands for 8 months. Using detergents, repeated washing, and skin maceration were considered the causes of her lesion.
Flexible and Binder‐Free Iron Phosphide Electrodes Using a Three‐Dimensional Support for High Hydrogen Productivity
Authors: Díez‐García María Isabel , García Blanco Andrés Alberto , Murcia‐López Sebastian , Botifoll Marc , Arbiol Jordi , Qamar Mohammad , Morante Joan Ramon
Published: May 2023

In this work, an inexpensive and reliable microstructured electrode for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is developed. This cathode is made of Earth‐abundant elements consisting of iron phosphide as an electrocatalyst and carbon felt (CF) as a flexible conductive scaffold. Its porous character and binder‐free FeP coverage over the carbon fibers generate a high number of accessible active sites for the reaction, achieving a high value of the electrochemically active surface area. The electrode reaches 100 mA ⋅ cm−2 by applying only −53 mV vs RHE at 50 °C in 0.5 M H2SO4, demonstrating excellent electrocatalytic activity for the HER and outstanding stability in acidic electrolyte. Furthermore, the feasibility of these electrodes for industrial application is evaluated using a PEM electrolyzer. The developed prototype with a cathodic area of 1.8 cm2 shows a very promising performance, reaching 14.9 mmol H2 ⋅ h−1 ⋅ cm−2 (corresponding to 800 mA ⋅ cm−2) at a voltage of only 2.1 V.
Chiral perturbation on single benzene‐based fluorophores: A structure/(chir)optical activity relationship study
Authors: Coehlo Max , Thuéry Pierre , Pieters Grégory
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we describe the synthesis and the (chir)optical properties of a novel series of circularly polarized luminescent emitters. These molecules involve a compact single benzene‐based donor‐acceptor fluorophore composed of two cyclic alkylamines as electron donors and a phthalonitrile moiety as electron acceptor linked to a configurationally stable BINOL acting as a chiral perturbation unit. These new compounds display fair quantum yields (up to 66%) with emission maxima around 500 nm in toluene solutions, and the study of their chiroptical properties has shown that the cyclic alkylamine's ring size affects significantly the luminescence dissymmetry factors, reaching 2.2 × 10−3 for the larger cyclic alkylamine moieties.
Suadimins D—J, Monoterpenoid Indole‐Quinoline and Bisindole Alkaloids from Melodinus suaveolens
Authors: Gao Xin‐Hua , Wu Pei‐Qian , Fan Yao‐Yue , Zhou Bin , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Compounds 1—12, including seven complex monoterpenoid indole‐quinoline and bisindole alkaloids, suadimins D—J (1—7) with previously unreported carbon‐carbon linkages, were isolated and identified from the twigs and leaves of Melodinus suaveolens. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of diverse methods, especially the extensive spectroscopic data analysis and electric circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against three cancer cell lines was evaluated, some of which showed moderate activities with IC50 values ranging from 2.4 to 8.0 μM.
Mitotic rate in primary cutaneous melanoma: Cell division matters
Authors: Gershenwald Jeffrey E.
Published: May 2023

The prognostic significance of primary cutaneous melanoma tumor mitotic rate (TMR) has been of worldwide clinical interest for decades. Is there a path forward to build on the contributions from the report by Patuzzo et al. and other studies to refine the classification and staging of melanoma and to develop clinical tools to improve risk and prognostic assessment that include TMR to inform decision‐making?
MiR‐548 K regulatory effect on the ABCG2 gene expression in MDR breast cancer cells
Authors: Saberiyan Mohammadreza , Ghasemi Zahra , Yaghoobi Hajar
Published: May 2023

Background

multidrug resistance (MDR) is One of the foremost challenges in overcoming breast cancer. Various molecular processes are involved in the development of MDR in breast cancer cells, including over expression of ABC transporters such as ABCG2 (BCRP), increase breast cancer stem cells drug resistance, and epithelial mesenchymal transition.

Aims

In the present study, we used bioinformatics and experimental analysis to investigate the role of miR‐548 K, in the modulating of ABCG2, in MDR breast cancer cells.

Methods and Results

In silico inspections introduce 14 microRNAs targeting 3′‐UTR region of ABCG2 transcripts, which are probably involved in breast cancer drug resistance. An association was highlighted between miR‐548 k with ABC transporter family. The expression level of ABCG2 gene in MCF7‐MX cell lines was significantly more than MCF7 cell lines. On the other hand, we increased the expression of miR‐548 K in MCF7‐MX and MCF7 cell lines through its transfection, which dramatically coincided with decreasion in the ABCG2 transcripts level. Additional studies on patient samples revealed that the expression of ABCG2 showed an increase in ABCG2 level in neoadjuvant chemotherapy drugs resistance (NCDR) patients compared to primary pre‐operative chemotherapy drugs response (PCDR) patients. Also, a reduction in the expression of miR‐548 K in NCDR patients was revealed.

Conclusion

The results of our study suggest that miR‐548 K may be involved in modulating the expression of ABCG2 in MDR breast cancer cells.
Anti‐PD‐1 monoclonal antibody‐resistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma showing the abscopal effect: A case report with T‐cell receptor/B‐cell receptor repertoire analysis
Authors: Takehara Yuka , Mimura Kosaku , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Yohei , Yoshimoto Yuya , Saze Zenichiro , Sato Hisashi , Tamaki Tomoaki , Kono Koji
Published: May 2023

Background

Several clinical trials of nivolumab have reported good results, including those in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the response rate of this drug remains poor. Notably, a rare phenomenon called abscopal effect refers to the regression of irradiated and nonirradiated distant tumors after local radiotherapy. Although the mechanism of this effect remains unclear, the antitumor immunity induced by radiotherapy is considered to be the most important factor.

Case

A 66‐year‐old man with recurrent nivolumab‐resistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma along with left‐side cervical and abdominal para‐aortic lymph node metastases was treated with a 40 Gy (10 fractions) dose of radiotherapy to the left‐side cervical lymph node metastasis as a palliative treatment, which caused neck pain. In addition, nivolumab administration was resumed the day after completion of radiotherapy. Three months after radiotherapy, the irradiated lesion on the left neck had regressed to a scar‐like lesion. Furthermore, the previously progressive abdominal para‐aortic lymph nodes outside the irradiation area shrank (abscopal effect). T‐cell receptor and B‐cell receptor (TCR/BCR) repertoire analyses before and after radiotherapy revealed that radiotherapy led to changes in the TCR/BCR repertoire.

Conclusion

Changes in the TCR/BCR repertoire may be a part of the mechanism underlying the abscopal effect. The findings of the present case suggest that the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy is a promising treatment approach even for patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor‐resistant cancer.
Single‐Cell Glycan and RNA Sequencing (scGR‐seq)
Authors: Odaka Haruki , Tateno Hiroaki
Published: May 2023

Single‐cell multi‐omics analysis has emerged as a crucial tool in modern biology due to its capacity to uncover the intricate molecular heterogeneity within individual cells. Glycan structural diversity on the cell surface creates a "cell signature" that varies by cell type and state. However, single‐cell glycan analysis remains a challenge. This protocol presents a series of techniques and procedures that enable the simultaneous measurements of glycan and RNA at the single‐cell level via DNA‐barcoded lectin‐based sequencing (scGR‐seq). The techniques include (1) the preparation of DNA‐barcoded lectins, (2) a step‐by‐step protocol for single‐cell glycan/RNA sequencing, and (3) a data analysis approach for the integration of glycan and RNA data. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of DNA‐barcoded lectins

Basic Protocol 2: Single‐cell glycan/RNA sequencing
Influence of Cr2O3 Concentration on the Green Color of Flux Synthesized Emeralds Using the CIE1976 Color System
Authors: Kozaki Daisuke , Yanagisawa Kazumichi , Oishi Shuji , Nishiwaki Yoshinori , Komatsu Hibiki , Kobiro Kazuya , Ito Akitaka , Taniguchi Ayano , Matsuzaki Takuya
Published: May 2023

The color of emeralds is predominantly influenced by the concentration of Cr3+. However, the evaluation of the trend of green color depth of emeralds, based on the practical single crystal synthesis with several instrumental analysis is not investigated in previous researches. Specifically, if the Cr2O3 content is controlled to be in the range of 0.2–0.4 wt%, then emeralds can be synthesized with the most esthetically pleasing color. Therefore, the effect of Cr2O3 concentration within the aforementioned range on the color of emeralds is studied using powder X‐ray diffractometry, digital microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and micro‐spectrophotometry to understand how to achieve the most esthetically pleasing color. As a result, detailed behaviors relating to the absorbances, L*, a*, and b* values, and the relationship between the emerald crystal color changes and increases in Cr2O3 concentration are elucidated. Notably, the absorbance, L* and a* values change significantly when the Cr2O3 concentration is low (0.00–0.236 wt%). However, the changes in these values are moderate when the Cr2O3 concentration is higher (0.236–0.504 wt%).
A reinforcement learning‐based energy management strategy for a battery–ultracapacitor electric vehicle considering temperature effects
Authors: Wang Chun , Liu Rui , Tang Aihua , Zhang Zhigang , Liu Pu
Published: May 2023

The design of energy management strategy (EMS) plays a vital role in the power performance and economy of battery–ultracapacitor for electric vehicles. A reinforcement learning (RL)‐based EMS is proposed to obtain an optimal power allocation strategy for battery–ultracapacitor electric vehicle, and its robustness is verified at different temperatures. First of all, the dynamic characteristic experiments of the battery and ultracapacitor were performed at 10°C, 25°C, and 40°C to obtain mechanism characteristics at different temperatures. Secondly, a genetic algorithm is selected to identify the parameters of the battery and ultracapacitor model. Next, the RL‐based strategy takes the minimum energy loss of the hybrid energy storage system as the reward function and solves the optimal policy based on Markov theory. The simulation results show that the economy of the RL‐based strategy correspondingly improved by 3.05%, 3.20%, and 3.15% at different temperatures in comparison with the fuzzy‐based strategy, and the economic gap between the RL‐based strategy and the DP‐based strategy is further narrowed down to 7.30%, 3.88%, and 8.40% at different temperatures, respectively. Finally, the proposed strategy is validated under different driving conditions, which indicate that the RL‐based strategy can effectively reduce energy consumption and has good robustness at different temperatures.
About definition of modes and magnetosonic heating in a plasma's flow: Especial cases of perpendicular and nearly perpendicular wave vector and magnetic field
Authors: Perelomova Anna
Published: May 2023

Dynamics of hydrodynamic perturbations in a plasma depend strongly on an angle between the wave vector and equilibrium straight magnetic field. The case of perpendicular propagation is especial. There are only two (fast) magnetosonic modes since two (slow) ones degenerate into the stationary one with zero speed of propagation. This demands individual definition of wave modes by the links of hydrodynamic relations. These links are not limiting case of the relations in the case of non‐zero angle. The nonlinear excitation of the entropy mode in the field of intense magnetosonic perturbations is also unusual. Bulk and shear viscosity and thermal conduction are considered as the damping mechanisms in a weakly nonlinear flow. The leading‐order dynamic equation is derived which governs perturbation of density in the entropy mode. The links of magnetosonic perturbations and magnetosonic heating may be indicators of plasma‐, geometry of a flow, damping coefficients and type of wave motion. The “almost resonant” character of magnetosonic heating excited by the slow magnetosonic wave in the course of nearly perpendicular wave propagation, is discussed.
Making an Advance Research Directive: An Interview Study with Adults Aged 55 and Older with Interests in Dementia Research
Authors: Ries Nola M. , Johnston Briony
Published: May 2023

Many people with dementia are interested in taking part in research, including when they no longer have capacity to provide informed consent. Advance research directives (ARD) enable people to document their wishes about research participation prior to becoming decisionally incapacitated. However, there are few available ARD resources. This Australian interview study elicited the views of people aged 55 years and older about the content of an ARD form and guidance booklet and processes to support research planning. Participants (n = 25; 55 to 83 years) had interests in dementia research. All participants described the ARD materials as easy to understand, and all expressed willingness to take part in future research. Nearly half believed that an ARD should be legally enforceable, while others saw it as a nonbinding document to guide decisions about their participation in research. Close family members were preferred as proxy decision‐makers. The ARD form and guidance booklet may be adapted for use elsewhere.
Adapting camera‐trap placement based on animal behavior for rapid detection: A focus on the Endangered, white‐bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis)
Authors: Simo Franklin T. , Difouo Ghislain F. , Kekeunou Sévilor , Ichu Ichu G. , Olson David , Deere Nicolas J. , Ingram Daniel J.
Published: May 2023

Pangolin species are notoriously difficult to detect and monitor in the wild and, as a result, commonly used survey techniques fall short in gathering sufficient data to draw confident conclusions on pangolin populations, conservation status, and natural history. The white‐bellied pangolin is a semiarboreal species that may be poorly detected in general mammal surveys even with modern techniques such as camera‐trapping. As a result, population status information is often derived from hunting, market, and trafficking data. There is therefore a crucial need to improve camera‐trap survey methods to reliably detect this species in its natural environment. Here, we test the influence of camera‐trap placement strategy on the detectability of the white‐bellied pangolin by comparing estimates from targeted ground‐viewing camera‐trapping and a novel log‐viewing placement strategy adapted from local hunters' knowledge. Our results suggest that (1) deploying camera‐traps to detect animals walking along logs is an effective strategy for recording several forest species, including the white‐bellied pangolin, and (2) that camera‐traps targeting logs are more efficient at detecting white‐bellied pangolins than camera‐traps viewing the ground (>100% increase in detection probability). We also found moderate evidence that there is a relationship between the white‐bellied pangolin occurrence at our locality and elevation and weak evidence of an association with distance to the nearest river. Our results suggest an effective new monitoring approach allowing consistent detection of the white‐bellied pangolin with moderate survey effort. This highlights the importance of harnessing local knowledge to guide the design of monitoring protocols for cryptic species.
Frailty alone and interactively with obesity predicts heart failure: Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Authors: Tajik Behnam , Voutilainen Ari , Sankaranarayanan Rajiv , Lyytinen Arja , Kauhanen Jussi , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Tuomainen Tomi‐Pekka , Isanejad Masoud
Published: May 2023

Aims

We aim to evaluate the association of frailty and high body mass index with risk of incident heart failure.

Methods and results

From the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, 408 women and 369 men, aged 61–74 years were included in this study. Frailty was ascertained with the presence of 3–5 and prefrailty 1–2 of the following criteria: weight loss (highest 20% over 7 years), self‐reported tiredness, weakness (measured by handgrip strength), slow walking speed (walking pace), and low physical activity (lowest 20%). At the baseline, participants were allocated to frail (n = 36), prefrail (n = 340), and robust (n = 441). HF incidents were obtained by record linkages from the national hospitalization registry in Finland up to 31 December 2019. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of incident events, adjusted for potential confounders. Two hundred one HF events were recorded (111 in women and 90 in men) during the 14.2 years follow‐up. After adjustment for the age and sex, the risk of HF events was higher among prefrail (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.79, P = 0.02) and frail (HR 3.39, 95% CI 1.89 to 4.79, P ≤ 0.001) compared with the robust group. After adjusting for multiple confounders result remained significant for HF indecent in prefrail [1.46 (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.95, P = 0.01] and frail (HR 3.33, 95% CI 1.86 to 5.70, P ≤ 0.001). In the sensitivity analysis, significant interaction between high BMI (≥25 kg/m2) and frailty was observed (P for interaction = 0.02). The association of frailty [multivariate‐adjusted HR: 2.88 (1.56 to 5.33), P ≤ 0.001)] and prefrailty [multivariate‐adjusted HR: 1.40 (1.08 to 1.91), P = 0.03)] with risk of HF indecent was more pronounced in those with high BMI.

Conclusions

Frailty is highly common in older age, and our results indicated the high risk of HF incident in frail and prefrail groups. While frailty is clinically recognized by weight loss phenotype, our finding showed that frailly and high BMI can coexist and worsen the risk of HF incidence. Further research is warranted to substantiate these results in large studies and clinical settings.