bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morbidity with a temporary disability of employees of medical institutions under a new coronavirus infection
Authors: Vechorko Valery I. , Kitsul Igor S. , Zakharova Elizaveta G. , Borovova Evgeniya V.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. During the expanding epidemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in our country, medical workers were one of the groups at the increased risk of infection. Simultaneously, certain information about the number of cases and duration of this disease in medical workers is not available in official sources. However, this information is necessary to develop effective preventive measures, assess economic damage from a temporary disability, and the planning of medical personnel in emergency epidemic conditions. Purpose of study. To investigate the incidence of the temporary disability of employees of a medical institution with a new coronavirus infection connected with the performance of their occupational duties to assess the health risks for medical workers, develop appropriate measures to improve the safety system of their work. Material and methods. The study was conducted by a continuous process based on the country’s largest repurposed infectious diseases hospital to treat COVID-19 patients using the classical method of analyzing morbidity rates with the temporary disability. Results. The dynamics of the main indices of the morbidity with the temporary disability since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic was revealed. Features of the morbidity by groups of personnel working in the ”red“ and ”green“ zones of the infectious hospital are established. The incidence of medical personnel providing medical care to patients with COVID-19 was proved to be associated with the implementation of professional activities, but not in all cases. This type of personnel is also subject to risks of infection outside the medical institution. Conclusion. For effective prevention, it is necessary to consider that working in the “red” zone significantly increases the risk of COVID-19, regardless of the category of medical personnel.
Problems of organizing of medical care at remote industrial sites in the Russia
Authors: Karpov Andrey B. , Badmaeva Erzhena R. , Skobelsky Andjey V. , Antipov Sergey A.
Published: March 2021

The article describes the main problems of managing medical care for industrial enterprises’ staff, including remote industrial sites (RIS), and the options for health care for this category of the employed population. The search for publications was conducted on all available bibliographic and abstract databases (The Russian Science Citation Index, Scopus, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, eLibrary, PubMed) containing the Russian publications. The data of industrial injuries and the country’s working population’s occupational morbidity in recent years are given. As a result, the authors point out the need to transition to risk management in the workplace. The disadvantages of the assessment system of the health status of employees during routine medical examinations are identified. The main problems of creating a medical support system for RIS workers were analyzed, and the relevance of creating a remote industrial healthcare system in the Russian Federation is substantiated. The paper presents the existing disadvantages in the current legislative framework. In particular, it is established that today in Russia, there is no standard for the provision of medical care for RIS workers, no algorithm for the actions of medical staff, no sanitary rules for managing health posts at RIS. The characteristics of the problems in medical evacuation and the ways of their solution are presented. The necessity of the introduction of telemedicine technologies and conditions for ensuring this process nationwide is substantiated. The spectrum of factors negatively affecting the health of RIS workers is characterized. The need to take these factors into account when creating a health care system for this category of the working population is substantiated.
The creation of a virtual museum contributes to the providing the most effective diagnosis of parasitosis
Authors: Aslanova Mariya M. , Kuznetsova Kamala Yu. , Zagainova Angelika V. , Rakitina Daria V. , Maniya Tamari R.
Published: March 2021

Conduction. The recognition diagnosis of helminths and protozoa invasion is one of the current and almost unresolved problems in modern parasitology. For the present, the lack of a standardized museum of parasitic pathogens in Russia and abroad complicates a parasitologist’s already hard work. The population urbanization, increased anthropogenic pressure, climate change, and natural disasters lead to the occurrence of favorable conditions for the development, long-term survival, and spread of pathogens of parasitic diseases in various environmental objects. The deterioration of the population socio-economic conditions, the emergence of interethnic conflicts in the world led to large-scale migration flows from countries near and far abroad to Russia, which led to an increase in pathogens circulating in the territory of the Russian Federation. The aim of our research was to improve the methodological support and create virtual slides with the image of larvae and eggs of helminths, as well as cysts and oocysts of pathogenic protozoa recorded on the territory of the Russian Federation based on digital scanner microscopes. Material and methods. The authors used scanner microscopes with the software module “Parasitology.” Results. An up-to-date register of photo images of more than 40 species of parasitic pathogens of medical significance and 53 species of pathogens of parasitic diseases of animals that pose a danger to human life has been delivered. Discussion. The authors are always working on improving the technical characteristics of digital analyzers. Conclusion. Updating the atlas, creating a new advanced gallery of helminth eggs, larvae, cysts, and oocysts of pathogenic protozoa will significantly increase parasitological studies’ effectiveness in sanitation and the analysis of intestinal microbiota.
The Role of Pragmatics in Literary Analysis: Approaching Literary Meaning from a Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Sinha Kanhaiya Kumar
Published: March 2021

The present paper aims to produce a detailed account of the term ‘pragmatics’ and explore, by presenting and reviewing different models, its role in literature as it appears to be evident in different linguistic approaches to the study and analysis of literary genres. It is a fact that various pragmatic approaches such as speech act theory, conversational implicature, politeness theory, and relevance theory are developed mainly in relation to spoken interaction, yet, as some studies suggest, they offer invaluable insights to the study of literary texts. Consequently, the paper also strives to shed some light on the relationship these two terms – literature and pragmatics – enjoy so that their commonalities can be unmasked. It also tries to explore how pragmatics may help find out the ‘context’ and ‘meaning’ of literary discourse.
Instructing usability evaluation in LIS curriculum: A case of the U.S.
Authors: Ameen Kanwal , Erdelez Sanda
Published: March 2021

Increasing use of websites as vehicles for the dissemination of information services in the digital environment and interaction with users has raised many usability concerns in creating user-friendly digital information services. Hence, it is important to understand if and how the future generations of library and other information professionals learn about usability evaluation through their LIS studies. Guided by this research objective, the authors of this paper reviewed the state of usability evaluation (UE) courses in LIS education. The study used content-analysis method to find answers to the research questions. The sample was purposive consisting only ALA accredited schools in the U.S. Publicly available descriptions of the courses on their websites were accessed to review the UE content offered. The content of these identified course descriptions was downloaded and further analyzed in terms of its format and coverage. Besides, based on the experience of the second author, the paper provides insight into both challenges and opportunities that the instructors of usability evaluation courses face. Findings reveal that LIS education programs have not yet fully accepted UE of digital resources as a standard course in their educational repertory. The study suggests that a systematic exposure to UE can place LIS professionals in a better position to communicate with the information technology staff regarding the specific needs of the users and enhance their chances for a productive professional career.
Kalamushlar va ularning moyaklarining nurlanishdan keyingi jismoniy rivojlanish va anatomik ko`rsatkichlari
Authors: Baymuradov Ravshan
Published: March 2021

Tadqiqot 124 ta yangi tug`ilgan, 3, 6, 9, 12 oylik oq zotsiz kalamushlarda o`tkazildi. Moyaklar morfometriyasi shuni ko`rsatdiki, postnatal ontogenezda ularning vazni, uzunligi, va qalinligi turli darajada o`zgaradi. Tana vazni va uzunligining urug`donlar vazni va hajmi bilan o`sish sur`atlarini taqqoslash ko`rsatishicha, urug`donlar hajmi oshgani sari tana vazni uzunligiga nisbatan ko`proq ortadi. Tajriba guruhidagi kalamushlarning jismoniy ko`rsatkichlari nazorat guruhudagi kalamushlar ko`rsatkichlaridan ortda qoladi.
Knowledge and Practice of Breast and Complementary Infant Feeding Among Mothers in Shinasha Culture: The Case of Bullen Woreda, Metekel Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Anbesho Assefa Hirpa , Agegnew Getachew Roba
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate knowledge and practice of breast and complementary infant feedings among mothers of Shinasha culture in Bullen Woreda. The study was undertaken in four kebeles and 80 participants were selected by using convenient sampling. Questionnaire, interview and focus group discussion were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 to compute descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA. The result of analysis reveals that mothers were not given any information about infant feeding before birth of the infant and after birth of the infant mothers got information about breast and complementary infant feeding elder mothers. There is no significant difference among mothers on their knowledge and practice of breast and complementary infant feeding on the three categories of age. Mothers lacked sufficient knowledge about importance of breast feeding for breastfeeding mothers and biased in duration of breastfeeding between both sexes of their infants. The knowledge of complementary infant feeding mothers reported that male infants should start complementary foods earlier than female infants. It is concluded that there is no statistically significant difference among mothers by their knowledge level practices on breast and complementary infant feeding on their age groups. Finally, it was recommended that all concerned bodies of the community, health extension workers etc. should take their parts in educating and creating awareness for mothers about breast and complementary infant feeding.
Kebijakan Desentralisasi dan Disparitas Pendidikan Lokal di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Bida Obed
Published: March 2021

Secara paradoks kebijakan desentralisasi dapat meningkatkan partisipasi, dan efektivitas layanan pendidikan, akan tetapi dalam konteks kebijakan publik ternyata juga dapat menyebabkan disparitas pendidikan di masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjelaskan disparitas pendidikan dalam perspektif kebijakan desentralisasi sebagai bagian dari masalah publik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif interaktif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, studi dokumen dan wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis data spradley. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pendidikan di daerah ternyata tidak menciptakan keseimbangan melainkan membuka ruang terjadinya disparitas pendidikan di masyarakat, melalui pola kebijakan pendekatan spasial dan pendekatan struktural. Dinamika proses kebijakan pendidikan tercermin pada kontestasi elit struktural dan elit politik yang cenderung mengganggu efisiensi, efektivitas dan profesionalisme pengelolaan pendidikan. Pemerintah daerah sering kali terjebak pada kepentingan politik dan senantiasa menempatkan “elite capture” dalam pengambilan keputusan. Sehingga membatasi ruang gerak partisipasi masyarakat dan membuka ruang disparitas pendidikan antara daerah sentra dan daerah pinggiran.
Analysis for Modulation and Coding Scheme with Data Rate Traffic Over IEEE 802.11AC and 802.11N in Wireless Multimedia
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Aymen Mohammed Khodayer , Al-Dulaimi Mohammed Khodayer Hassan
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses wireless traffic consisting of various types of data packets. Regardless of the type of data being sent and received, the transmission can suffer from latency problems. The wireless multimedia standard enables the service provider to prioritize voice, video, best-effort, and background data by adding differentiated services code point value to the internet protocol header. This effectively allows network users to benefit from optimal network performance while using various applications with different latency and throughput requirements. In this paper, we conducted a study of five use-cases over two common wireless standards, IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11ac. The study was carried out by prioritizing, respectively, voice, video data packets, with lowest priority assigned to best-effort data packets. The best-effort traffic can have more bandwidth than the voice or video. Under each use case, we evaluated the impact of additional network load on video streaming.
INTERNET SPEED ISSUE OF TURKEY
Authors: CEYLAN Hüseyin , DEMİR Gizem , ELRİ Ziya
Published: March 2021

The internet, used by a large population around the world, has become a part of daily life. The internet is used in scientific research, education, commerce, health, communication, banking, tourism, transportation and many similar fields. The need for internet increases in parallel with digitalization and becomes more and more important day by day. Especially during the covid-19 epidemic, providing education over the internet and doing some work from home over the internet has more increased dependence on the internet. Turkey has one of the 20 largest economies in the world by economy size. It is an important country with a population of approximately 84 million. According to the Turkey Statistical Institute (TurkStat) data, in 2020, 90.7% of house in Turkey have access to the internet and the proportion of individuals using the internet is 79.0%. In Turkey, which is one of the important countries of the world and where the use of the internet is widespread, the internet is not at the desired speed. According to the latest report of Speedtest, founded by Ookla in 2006, which measures internet speed most accurately and regularly publishes the "Speedtest Global Index", Turkey is ranked 103 out of 175 countries with Fixed Broadband Internet Speed. Moreover, the 30.51 Mbps download speed is far below the global average of 96.98 Mbps. It is remarkable that the internet speeds of countries that are incomparable to Turkey in terms of economic size and some of which can be called island states are higher than Turkey. These countries are Andorra, Macau (SAR), Liechtenstein, San Marino, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Southern Cyprus Greek Region, Armenia, Montenegro, Kosovo, The Bahamas, Saint Lucia, Guyana, Laos, Madagascar, Belize, Dominica, North Macedonia, Côte d'Ivoire, Saint Kitts and Nevis. Turkey has passed to 4,5 G as of April 1, 2016 to increase the speed of the internet. Despite this, Turkey's internet speed is relatively slow and this is an important ergonomic problem. Low connection speeds negatively affect both education and all sectors where the internet is used during the global epidemic. In this study, the reasons for the slow internet speed in Turkey are examined and various solutions to the problem are proposed.
Pregnancy and Delivery in a Patient with CADASIL: A Case Report
Authors: Velayudhan Akhil M , Chandran Jyoti R , Jayasree Sukumarapillai , Pillay Rajeshwary , Bindu Vijay Kumar
Published: March 2021

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an autosomal dominant arteriopathy, caused by mutations in a gene called Notch3 on long arm of chromosome 19. It is very rare in pregnancy. This case report is presented to create awareness regarding investigating patients presenting with such illness for a better perinatal outcome.

How to cite this article: Velayudhan AM, Chandran JR, Jayasree S, et al. Pregnancy and Delivery in a Patient with CADASIL: A Case Report. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2020;12(5):326–327.
Laparoscopic Ureteric Reimplantation in Distal Ureteric Injury Post-total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Case Series
Authors: Mehta Nidhi , Dadhich Tripti , Dadhich Chandra P , Sharma Anita K , Gupta Disha , Asodariya Priyanka
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Ureteral injuries have been recognized as a potential complication of gynecological surgical procedures since the inception of our discipline; incidence ranging from 0.5 to 1.5% and morbidity associated with it may be serious. Traditionally, most ureterovaginal fistulas have been repaired by ureteroneocystostomy. Open ureteral reimplantation is a potentially morbid surgical procedure. Endourological techniques are highly successful in treating posthysterectomy ureteral injuries. The objective of this presentation is to relate our experience and result with laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation.

Materials and methods

Five patients with complaints of leakage of urine per vaginum postoperatively on day 12–24 (post-TLH) presented for treatment. After diagnosis, treatment of ureterovaginal fistula was performed completely laparoscopically. Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation was done.

Results

No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered. The operating room time was 120 minutes (range 120–240 minutes). The average hospital stay was 4 days. Patients had a successful outcome defined as no evidence of radiographic obstruction and no clinical complaints of persistent renal colic or any other urinary symptoms.

Conclusion

Our experience demonstrates that laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation is an effective minimally invasive treatment option for distal ureteral strictures.

How to cite this article

Dadhich CP, Mehta N, Dadhich T, et al. Laparoscopic Ureteric Reimplantation in Distal Ureteric Injury Post-total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Case Series. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2020;12(5):291–294.
Sistema SCADA adaptado para el control de la alimentación en animales de laboratorio
Authors: Samos Juárez Julia María , Rosillo Olmos Jorge Juan , Ruiz Canales Antonio
Published: March 2021

Las instalaciones dedicadas al alojamiento de animales de laboratorio son cada vez más complejas. No solo deben garantizar las necesidades básicas y el bienestar de los animales alojados, sino que también deben permitir la realización de la variedad de procedimientos experimentales que tienen lugar en ellas.Debido a la dificultad de implementación y al alto coste de los sistemas automáticos de alimentación, el uso de los mismos se ha limitado prácticamente a grandes instalaciones, siendo manual el suministro de dietas en la mayoría de centros. No obstante, debido al incremento de procedimientos experimentales que incluyen algún tipo de restricción alimentaria y, principalmente, a las ventajas en roedores de la alimentación restringida frente a la alimentación ad libitum (AL) en estudios a largo plazo, el grado de sofisticación de los sistemas automáticos de alimentación para animales de experimentación es superior a los de otras especies.Dado el estado de crecimiento de este sector, surge la idea de desarrollar e implementar un dispensador de dieta de bajo coste para roedores de experimentación. En este trabajo se plantea el desarrollo de un prototipo, a partir de un sistema SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition). El usuario accederá al control del equipo a través de una interfaz de fácil instalación y uso. El SCADA permitirá la dosificación del alimento según un programa-horario establecido y el registro de la ingesta en tiempo real. Esta solución de bajo coste establecerá una propuesta competitiva y de uso extensivo en el mercado.
Dental Journalism in Pakistan
Authors: Padhiar Dr. Inayatullah
Published: March 2021

Dental Journalism in Pakistan has a very chequered history. There are many reasons for this worsening status of dental research; lack of research facilities, funding, ownership and training of the stake-holders are a few of those. The need of the hour is that the eminent and seniour dental scholars, the research institutes and the professional bodies should work together and plot the strategies to strengthen a research oriented mind-set and guidance for the future students so that quality of research, both at clinical and basic sciences levels, is improved and publications in the national journals may be encouraged for uplifting their status in the international journalism.
THE ROLE OF INVENTORY INVESTMENT PRACTICES ON INNOVATION PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL BASED INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Kehinde Busola E. , Ogunnaike Olaleke O. , Adegbuyi Omotayo O. , Kehinde Oladele J. , Ilogho Simon O. , Adedugba Adebayo T.
Published: March 2021

Rapid investment in inventory has drastically changed the working and business environment of the agriculture industry, especially agricultural based institutions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of inventory investment practices to explain on innovation performance of a selected agricultural based institution in Nigeria. This study evaluates the components of inventory costs as determinants of inventory investment in the selected agricultural based institution in Nigeria. The study contributes to knowledge by employing the use of survey research and simple random sampling technique to collect data from 98 agricultural students. The results of the regression analysis shows that the components of this model have an effect on inventory investment practices and innovation performance. This study found that inventory investment practices account for 38% of innovation performance. The study recommends that proper inventory investment practices be employed by these institutions to improve innovation performance. Keywords: Investment, inventory, innovation, performance, institutions, agriculture
Growing Up on Facebook [Book Review]
Authors: Liberman Corey
Published: March 2021

Growing Up on Facebook, authored by Brady Robards and Sian Lincoln, exposes the reader to the role of Computer-Mediated Communication in creating, recreating, and altering the online identities of users. Highlighting the role of self in intimate relationships, professional relationships, and family relationships, Robards and Lincoln discuss such identity markers as friend requests, postings of photos, political discourse, and the creation of profiles, providing the fields of communication, sociology, and social psychology with an overview of the antecedents, processes, and effects of the social construction of self on Facebook.
“COMO É QUE FAZ PRA SAIR DA ILHA?” PONTES E ATRAVESSAMENTOS ENTRE A PANDEMIA, O SUAS E A MUSICOTERAPIA.
Authors: Paz Kezia
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma reflexão acerca dos impactos da Pandemia de COVID-19 no trabalho dos musicoterapeutas que atuam no Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS), refletindo também sobre a acessibilidade da musicoterapia para populações mais vulnerabilizadas. A proposta é fazer uma breve discussão sobre o tema, e relatar a experiência da autora como musicoterapeuta trabalhadora do SUAS, e os impactos sofridos no atendimento musicoterapêutico a grupos de mulheres em situação de violência e vulnerabilidade social, usuárias de um serviço da rede socioassistencial em São Paulo.
Reduced effective radiative forcing from cloud-aerosol interactions (ERFaci) with improved treatment of early aerosol growth in an Earth System Model
Authors: Blichner Sara Marie , Sporre Moa Kristina , Berntsen Terje Koren
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Historically, aerosols of anthropogenic origin have offset some of the warming from increased atmospheric green- house gas concentrations. The strength of this negative aerosol forcing is, however, highly uncertain – especially the part originating from cloud-aerosol interactions. An important part of this uncertainty originates from our lack of knowledge about the pre-industrial aerosols and how many of these would have acted as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). In order to simulate CCN concentrations in models, we must adequately model secondary aerosols, including new particle formation (NPF) and early growth, which contributes with a large part of atmospheric CCN. In this study, we investigate the effective radiative forcing (ERF) from cloud–aerosol interactions (ERFaci ) with an improved treatment of early particle growth, presented in Blichner et al. (2020). We compare the improved scheme to the default scheme, OsloAero, both part of the atmospheric component of the Norwegian Earth System Model v2 (NorESM2). The improved scheme, OsloAeroSec, includes a sectional scheme that treats the growth of the particles from 5–39.6 nm which thereafter inputs the particles to the smallest mode in the pre-existing, modal aerosol scheme. The default scheme parameterizes the growth of particles from nucleation and up to the smallest mode, a process that can take several hours. The explicit treatment of the early growth in OsloAeroSec on the other hand, captures the changes in atmospheric condition during this growth time both in terms of air mass mixing, transport and condensation and coagulation.We find that the ERF aci with the sectional scheme is −1.16 Wm−2 , which is 0.13 Wm−2 weaker compared to the default scheme. This reduction originates from OsloAeroSec producing more particles than the default scheme in pristine, low-aerosol- concentration areas and less NPF particles in high-aerosol areas. We find, perhaps surprisingly, that NPF inhibits cloud droplet activation in polluted/high-aerosol-concentration regions because the NPF particles increase the condensation sink and reduces the growth of the larger particles which may otherwise activate. This means that in these high-aerosol regions, the model with lowest NPF – OsloAeroSec – will have highest cloud droplet activation and thus more reflective clouds. In pristine/low aerosol regions however, NPF enhances cloud droplet activation, because the NPF particles themselves tend to activate.Lastly, we find that sulphate emissions in the present day simulations increase the hygroscopicity of the secondary aerosols compared to the pre-industrial simulations. This makes NPF particles more relevant for cloud droplet activation in the present day than the pre-industrial atmosphere, because the increased hygroscopicity means they can activate at smaller sizes.
Statistical properties of a stochastic model of eddy hopping
Authors: Saito Izumi , Watanabe Takeshi , Gotoh Toshiyuki
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Statistical properties are investigated for the stochastic model of eddy hopping, which is a novel cloud microphysical model that accounts for the effect of the supersaturation fluctuation at unresolved scales on the growth of cloud droplets and on spectral broadening. It is shown that the model fails to reproduce a proper scaling for a certain range of parameters, resulting in a deviation of the model prediction from the reference data taken from direct numerical simulations and large-eddy simulations (LESs). Corrections to the model are introduced so that the corrected model can accurately reproduce the reference data with the proper scaling. In addition, a possible simplification of the model is discussed, which may contribute to a reduction in computational cost while keeping the statistical properties almost unchanged in the typical parameter range for the model implementation in the LES Lagrangian cloud model.
Improvement of Odin/SMR water vapour and temperature measurements and validation of the obtained data sets
Authors: Grieco Francesco , Pérot Kristell , Murtagh Donal , Eriksson Patrick , Rydberg Bengt , Kiefer Michael , Garcia-Comas Maya , Lambert Alyn , Walker Kaley A.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Its long photochemical lifetime makes H2O a good tracer for mesospheric dynamics. Temperature is also an important tracer of seasonal circulation as well as multi-year trends. In this study we present the reprocessing of 18 years of mesospheric H2O and temperature measurements from the Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) on board the Odin satellite, resulting in a part of the SMR version 3.0 level 2 data set. The previous version of the dataset showed poor accordance with measurements from other instruments, which suggested that the retrieved concentrations and temperature were subject to instrumental artifacts. Different hypotheses have been explored, and the idea of an underestimation of the single sideband leakage turned out to be the most reasonable one. The value of the lowest transmission achievable has therefore been raised to account for greater sideband leakage, and new retrievals have been performed with the new settings. The retrieved profiles extend between 40–100 km altitude and cover the whole globe to reach 85° latitudes. A validation study has been carried out, revealing an overall better accordance with the compared instruments. In particular, relative differences in H2O concentration are always in the ±20 % range between 40 and 70 km and diverge at higher altitudes, while temperature absolute differences are within ± 5 K between 40–80 km (with the exception of FM13 SMR–MLS difference reaching almost 10 K) and also diverge at higher altitudes.
Host influenced geochemical signature in the parasitic foraminifer Hyrrokkin sarcophaga
Authors: Schleinkofer Nicolai , Evans David , Wisshak Max , Büscher Janina Vanessa , Fiebig Jens , Freiwald André , Härter Sven , Marschall Horst R. , Voigt Silke , Raddatz Jacek
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Hyrrokkin sarcophaga is a parasitic foraminifer that is commonly found in cold-water coral reefs where it infests the file clam Acesta excavata and the scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa. Here, we present measurements of the elemental and isotopic composition of this parasitic foraminifer for the first time, analyzed by inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) and mass spectrometry (MS).Our results reveal that the geochemical signature of H. sarcophaga depends on the host organism it infests. Sr/Ca ratios are 1.1 mmol mol−1 higher in H. sarcophaga that infest L. pertusa, which could be an indication that dissolved host carbonate material is utilised in shell calcification, given that the aragonite of L. pertusa has a naturally higher Sr concentration compared to the calcite of A. excavata. Similarly, we measure 3.1 ‰ lower δ13C and 0.25 ‰ lower δ18O values in H. sarcophaga that lived on L. pertusa, which might be caused by the direct uptake of the host's carbonate material with a more negative isotopic composition or different pH regimes in these foraminifera (pH can exert a control on the extent of CO2 hydration/hydroxylation) due to the uptake of body fluids of the host. We also observe higher Mn/Ca ratios in foraminifers that lived on A. excavata but did not penetrate the host shell compared to specimen that penetrated the shell, which could be interpreted as a change in food source, changes in the calcification rate, Rayleigh fractionation or changing oxygen conditions.While our measurements provide an interesting insight into the calcification process of this unusual foraminifer, these data also indicate that the geochemistry of this parasitic foraminifer is unlikely to be a reliable indicator of paleoenvironmental conditions using Sr/Ca, Mn/Ca, δ18O or δ13C unless the host organism is known and its geochemical composition can be accounted for.
Harmonization of global surface ocean pCO2 mapped products and their flux calculations; an improved estimate of the ocean carbon sink
Authors: Fay Amanda R. , Gregor Luke , Landschützer Peter , McKinley Galen A. , Gruber Nicolas , Gehlen Marion , Iida Yosuke , Laruelle Goulven G. , Rödenbeck Christian , Zeng Jiye
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Air-sea flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a critical component of the global carbon cycle and the climate system with the ocean removing about a quarter of the CO2 emitted into the atmosphere by human activities over the last decade. A common approach to estimate this net flux of CO2 across the air-sea interface is the use of surface ocean CO2 observations and the computation of the flux through a bulk parameterization approach. Yet, the details for how this is done in order to arrive at a global ocean CO2 uptake estimate varies greatly, unnecessarily enhancing the uncertainties. Here we reduce some of these uncertainties by harmonizing an ensemble of products that interpolate surface ocean CO2 observations to near global coverage. We propose a common methodology to fill in missing areas in the products and to calculate fluxes and present a new estimate of the net flux. The ensemble data product, SeaFlux (Fay et al. (2021), doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4133802, https://github.com/luke-gregor/SeaFlux), accounts for the diversity of the underlying mapping methodologies. Utilizing six global observation-based mapping products (CMEMS-FFNN, CSIR-ML6, JENA-MLS, JMA-MLR, MPI-SOMFFN, NIES-FNN), the SeaFlux ensemble approach adjusts for methodological inconsistencies in flux calculations that can result in an average error of 15 % in global mean flux estimates. We address differences in spatial coverage of the surface ocean CO2 between the mapping products which ultimately yields an increase in CO2 uptake of up to 19 % for some products. Fluxes are calculated using three wind products (CCMPv2, ERA5, and JRA55). Application of an appropriately scaled gas exchange coefficient has a greater impact on the resulting flux than solely the choice of wind product. With these adjustments, we derive an improved ensemble of surface ocean pCO2 and air-sea carbon flux estimates. The SeaFlux ensemble suggests a global mean uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere of 1.92 +/- 0.35 PgC yr-1. This work aims to support the community effort to perform model-data intercomparisons which will help to identify missing fluxes as we strive to close the global carbon budget.
Evaluation of ECMWF IFS-AER (CAMS) operational forecasts during cycle 41r1–46r1 with calibrated ceilometer profiles over Germany
Authors: Flentje Harald , Mattis Ina , Kipling Zak , Rémy Samuel , Thomas Werner
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Aerosol forecasts by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System aerosol module (IFS-AER) for the years 2016–2019 (cycles 41r1–46r1) are compared to vertical profiles of particle backscatter from the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) ceilometer network. The system has been developed in the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and its precursors. The focus of this article is to evaluate the realism of the vertical aerosol distribution from 0.4 to 8 km above ground, coded in the shape, bias and temporal variation of the profiles. The common physical quantity, the attenuated backscatter β∗(z), is directly measured and calculated from the model mass mixing ratios of the different particle types using the model's inherent aerosol microphysical properties. Pearson correlation coefficients of daily average simulated and observed vertical profiles between r=0.6–0.8 in summer and 0.7–0.95 in winter indicate that most of the vertical structure is captured. It is governed by larger β∗(z) in the mixing layer and comparably well captured with the successive model versions. The aerosol load tends to be biased high near the surface, underestimated in the mixing layer and realistic at small background values in the undisturbed free troposphere. A seasonal cycle of the bias below 1 km height indicates that aerosol sources and/or lifetimes are overestimated in summer and pollution episodes are not fully resolved in winter. Long-range transport of Saharan dust or fire smoke is captured and timely, only the dispersion to smaller scales is not resolved in detail. Over Germany, β∗(z) values from Saharan dust and sea salt are considerably overestimated. Differences between model and ceilometer profiles are investigated using observed in situ mass concentrations of organic matter (OM), black carbon, SO4, NO3, NH4 and proxies for mineral dust and sea salt near the surface. Accordingly, SO4 and OM sources as well as gas-to-particle partitioning of the NO3–NH4 system are too strong. The top of the mixing layer on average appears too smooth and several hundred meters too low in the model. Finally, a discussion is included of the considerable uncertainties in the observations as well as the conversion from modeled to observed physical quantities and from necessary adaptions of varying resolutions and definitions.
An automatic lake-model application using near real-time data forcing: Development of an operational forecast model for Lake Erie
Authors: Lin Shuqi , Boegman Leon , Shan Shiliang , Mulligan Ryan
Published: March 2021

Abstract. For enhanced public safety and water resource management, a three-dimensional operational lake hydrodynamic forecast system called COASTLINES (Canadian cOASTal and Lake forecastINg modEl System) was developed. The modelling system is built upon the Aquatic Ecosystem Model (AEM3D) model, with predictive simulation capabilities developed and tested for a large lake (i.e., Lake Erie). The open-access web-based platform derives model forcing, code execution, post-processing and visualization of the model outputs, including water level elevations and temperature, is in near real-time. COASTLINES currently generates 240-h predictions using atmospheric forcing from 15 km and 25 km horizontal-resolution operational meteorological products from the Environment Canada Global Deterministic Forecast System (GDPS). Simulated water levels were validated against observations from 6 gauge stations, with model error increasing for longer forecast times. Satellite images and lake buoys were applied to validate forecast lake surface temperature (LST) and the water column thermal stratification. The forecast LST is as accurate as hindcasts, with a root-mean-square-deviation < 2 ℃. COASTLINES predicts storm-surge events and up-/down-welling events that are important for flood water and drinking water/fishery management, respectively. Model forecasts are available in real-time at https://coastlines.engineering.queensu.ca/. This study provides an example of the successful development of an operational forecasting system, entirely driven by open-access data, that may be easily adapted to simulate aquatic systems or to drive other computational models, as required for management and public safety.
Exploring Deep Learning for Air Pollutant Emission Estimation
Authors: Huang Lin , Liu Song , Yang Zeyuan , Xing Jia , Zhang Jia , Bian Jiang , Li Siwei , Sahu Shovan Kumar , Wang Shuxiao , Liu Tie-Yan
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The inaccuracy of anthropogenic emission inventory on a high-resolution scale due to insufficient basic data is one of the major reasons for the deviation between air quality model and observation results. A bottom-up approach, as a typical emission inventory estimation approach, requires a lot of human labor and material resources, and a top-down approach focuses on individual pollutants that can be measured directly and relies heavily on traditional numerical modelling. Lately, deep neural network has achieved rapid development due to its high efficiency and non-linear expression ability. In this study, we proposed a novel method to model the dual relationship between emission inventory and pollution concentration for emission inventory estimation. Specifically, we utilized a neural network based comprehensive chemical transport model (NN-CTM) to learn the complex correlation between emission and air pollution. We further updated the emission inventory based on backpropagating the gradient of the loss function measuring the deviation between NN-CTM and observations from surface monitors. We first mimicked the CTM model with neural networks (NN) and achieved a relatively good representation of CTM with similarity reaching 95 %. To reduce the gap between CTM and observations, the NN model would suggest an updated emission of NOx, NH3, SO2, VOC and primary PM2.5 which changes by −1.34 %, −2.65 %, −11.66 %, −19.19 % and 3.51 %, respectively, on average of China. Such ratios of NOx and PM2.5 are even higher (~10 %) particularly in Northwest China where suffers from large uncertainties in original emissions. The updated emission inventory can improve model performance and make it closer to observations. The mean absolute error for NO2, SO2, O3 and PM2.5 concentrations are reduced significantly by about 10 %~20 %, indicating the high feasibility of NN-CTM in terms of significantly improving both the accuracy of emission inventory as well as the performance of air quality model.
Technical Note – RAT: a Robustness Assessment Test for calibrated and uncalibrated hydrological models
Authors: Nicolle Pierre , Andréassian Vazken , Royer-Gaspard Paul , Perrin Charles , Thirel Guillaume , Coron Laurent , Santos Léonard
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In this note, we present RAT, a new method to assess the robustness of hydrological models. RAT can be seen as an alternative to the classical split-sample test widely used in hydrology. And because the RAT method does not require multiple calibrations, we suggest that it can be applied even to uncalibrated models. The RAT method can be used to determine whether a hydrological model is "safe" for being used for climate change impact studies.
Land-use and climate change effects on water yield from East African Forested Water Towers
Authors: Wamucii Charles Nduhiu , van Oel Pieter R. , Ligtenberg Arend , Gathenya John Mwangi , Teuling Adriaan J.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. East-African forested mountain regions are vital in generating and supplying water resources to adjacent arid and semi-arid lowlands. However, these ecosystems are under pressure from both climate and land-use changes. This study aimed to analyze the effects of climate and land-use changes on water yield using the Budyko conceptual framework. For 9 selected forested water towers in East Africa, the amount and distribution of water resources and their decadal changes were analyzed. Results show that most areas inside and outside the water towers are under pressure from human influences. Water yield was observed to be more sensitive to climate changes compared to land-use changes within the selected East African water towers themselves. However, for the surrounding lowlands, the effects of land-use changes have greater impacts on water yield. We conclude that the East-African water towers have seen a strong shift towards wetter conditions, especially in the period of 2011–2019 while at the same time, the atmospheric demand is gradually increasing. Given that majority of the water towers were identified as non-resilient to these changes, future water yield is likely to also experience more extreme variations.
Spatiotemporal development of the 2018–2019 groundwater drought in the Netherlands: a data-based approach
Authors: Brakkee Esther , van Huijgevoort Marjolein , Bartholomeus Ruud P.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The 2018–2019 drought in northwestern Europe caused severe damage to a wide range of sectors, and has made clear that even in temperate-climate countries adaptations are needed to cope with increasing future drought frequencies. A crucial component of drought management strategies is to monitor the status of groundwater resources. However, providing up-to-date assessments of regional groundwater drought development remains challenging due to the limited quality of available data. This limits many studies to small selections of groundwater monitoring sites, giving an incomplete image of drought dynamics. In this study, a time series modelling-based method for data preparation was developed and applied to map the spatiotemporal development of the 2018–2019 groundwater drought in the southeastern Netherlands, based on a large set of monitoring data. The data preparation method was evaluated for its usefulness and reliability for groundwater drought quantification and prediction. The analysis showed that the 2018–2019 meteorological drought caused extreme groundwater drought throughout the southeastern Netherlands, breaking 30-year records almost everywhere. Drought onset and duration were strongly variable in space, with especially higher elevated areas remaining in severe drought well into 2020. Groundwater drought development appeared to be governed dominantly by the spatial distribution of rainfall and the geological-topographic setting. The time series modelling-based data preparation method was found a useful tool to enable a detailed, consistent record of regional groundwater drought development. Applying a validation step before analysis turned out to be important for good results. The time series simulations were generally found to be reliable; however, the use of time series simulations rather than direct measurement series can bias drought estimations especially at a local scale, and underestimate spatial variability. Finally, time series modelling showed to be a promising tool for regional-scale drought nowcasting and prediction. Further development of time-series based validation and simulation methods, combined with accessible and consistent monitoring data, will be valuable to enable better groundwater drought monitoring in the future.
Oil spill model uncertainty quantification using an atmospheric ensemble
Authors: Kampouris Konstantinos , Vervatis Vassilios , Karagiorgos John , Sofianos Sarantis
Published: March 2021

Abstract. We investigate the impact of atmospheric forcing uncertainties on the prediction of dispersion of pollutants in the marine environment. Ensemble simulations consisted of 50 members were carried out using the ECMWF ensemble prediction system and the oil spill model MEDSLIK-II in the Aegean Sea. A deterministic control run, using the unperturbed wind of the ECMWF high resolution system, served as reference for the oil spill prediction. We considered oil spill rates and duration similar to major accidents of the past (e.g. the Prestige case) and we performed simulations for different seasons and oil spill types. Oil spill performance metrics and indices were introduced in the context of probabilistic hazard assessment. Results suggest that oil spill model uncertainties were sensitive to the atmospheric forcing uncertainties, especially to phase differences in the intensity and direction of the wind among members. An oil spill ensemble prediction system based on model uncertainty of the atmospheric forcing, shows great potential for predicting pathways of oil spill transport, alongside a deterministic simulation, increasing the reliability of the model prediction and providing important information for the control and mitigation strategies in the event of an oil spill accident.