bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Models of Care for Older People: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dadich Ann , Lan Angela , Shanmugarajan Suhasini , Childs Sarah , Alford Jennifer , Chróinín Danielle Ní
Published: January 2025

Background

International recognition of the increasing importance of care for older people has seen growing interest in models of care for older people. Yet there is limited information about the scope and breadth of models of care for older people. This article clarifies what is known about models of care for older people by summarizing relevant publications, describing the models depicted in these publications, and synthesizing the outcomes and impact presented in the publications.

Method

A scoping review was conducted that involved searching multiple databases to identify relevant publications, published in English, which presented a model of care for older people—specifically, non‐Indigenous people aged ≥ 65 years and/or Indigenous people aged ≥ 50 years; and included evidence, broadly defined, about the utility or otherwise of the model. Commentaries, narrative letters, editorials, and reviews were excluded.

Results

From 21,767 publications, 276 were deemed relevant. From these, four key findings are apparent. First, models of care for older people are understood in disparate ways and are typically devoid of clear stepwise guidance. Second, most of the publications reported on a multidisciplinary approach. Third, they generally failed to involve carers. Fourth, very few publications reported on studies conducted in a rural area, and none involved Indigenous people.

Conclusion

Given the heterogeneity and breadth of models of care for older people, further research is needed to establish: a definition of a model of care for older people; reporting standards; the factors that help or hinder their effectiveness; how to ensure carer involvement; and how to adapt models of care for older people for priority populations.
Knowledge development of empowerment in nursing research: A bibliometric analysis using reference publication year spectroscopy
Authors: Yesilbas Hande , Kantek Filiz , Aytur Ozen Tangul
Published: January 2025

Aim

This bibliometric study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the history of empowerment in nursing using Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS).

Methods

Descriptive and bibliometric analyses were conducted. The study is based on 762 publications from 1983 to 2024, with 14,582 cited references in the Web of Science. The reference publication period was divided into three sub‐periods, with a total of 17 peaks identified: four from the first period (earliest to 1980), six from the second (1981–2000), and seven from the last period (2001–2024). Data analysis was performed using RPYS with the CRExplorer.

Results

Ten significant historical root publications, dating back to 1859, were identified, focusing on leadership, professionalism, social psychology, and philosophy of education. The earliest roots are linked to Florence Nightingale. In the recent period, there was a greater number of nursing‐based root publications cited.

Conclusion

This study is the first to identify the origins of influential nursing empowerment publications using RPYS. The earliest publications referenced in nursing empowerment literature originate from nursing. The RPYS proved to be a valuable approach for analyzing the historical roots of knowledge in nursing empowerment.
Loneliness‐associated factors among older adults: Focus on friendship type and number of friends
Authors: Inoue Yuriko , Hamada Hironobu , Nakatani Hisae , Ono Ichie
Published: January 2025

Aim

Loneliness among older people is prevalent. Few studies have examined the association of loneliness with the type of friendship and number of friends. This study aimed to clarify the loneliness‐related factors among older adults by gender focusing on the type of friendship and number of friends.

Methods

An anonymous, self‐administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 1610 older adults in Japan. The questionnaire included basic characteristics, health status used by the self‐administered dementia checklist, type of friendship and number of friends evaluated by the Lubben Social Network Scale, and loneliness evaluated using the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. Univariate analysis was performed with loneliness as the dependent variable, and multiple logistic regression analysis was also performed.

Results

A total of 1082 older adults were included for analysis. The loneliness rate was 16.8%. Regarding the type of friendship and number of friends, having <3 close friends to call on for help (tangible aid) was most associated with loneliness (men odds ratio [OR]: 2.88, women OR: 3.10). Higher awareness of the participants of subjective symptoms of dementia was proportionally related to loneliness (men, OR: 3.06; women, OR: 2.40). Among women, economic insecurity (OR: 1.68), subjective health (OR: 2.12), having <3 friends with whom they feel easy to talk about private matters (emotional support) were related to loneliness (OR: 2.38).

Conclusion

The results suggested that the type of friendship and number of friends, economic insecurity, and health status might be associated with loneliness among older adults. Several factors related to loneliness might differ by gender.
A multilevel argument‐based approach to validation and interpretation of safety climate scores
Authors: Bazzoli Andrea , French Brian F.
Published: January 2025

We introduce Kane's Interpretation Use Argument approach to establishing a measure's validity to organizational scientists and extend it to multilevel constructs. First, we review five types of inferences (i.e., domain description, scoring, generalization, extrapolation and implication) that could be targeted by applied psychologists and management scholars, enumerate the types of analyses that fall under each of the inferences and describe how they help provide a clearer overview to support score use. We apply this framework to organize evidence related to a short and theory‐driven scale that measures safety climate by developing six potential factor structures for safety climate scores, along with their meaning and interpretations, selecting items from the SOPS survey and analysing data from the 2021 and 2022 SOPS datasets, two large government surveys from the health care industry (N = 77,674 and 183,573, respectively) that feature a nested data structure on three levels. A shared construct model was the model that received the most empirical support. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of measuring safety climate using shared construct models, the limitations of the SOPS survey, and we trace a map for future efforts to constructing a validity argument.
Protective Effects of Melatonin on Kidney Function Against Contrast Media‐Induced Kidney Damage in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective, Randomized, Double‐Blinded, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Kusirisin Prit , Apaijai Nattayaporn , Noppakun Kajohnsak , Kuanprasert Srun , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon
Published: January 2025

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of acute kidney injury following exposure to contrast media. We evaluated the effect of melatonin, a potent antioxidant, as a protective strategy against contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI), with a focus on molecular mechanisms. We randomized patients with an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) into melatonin (10 mg twice daily) or placebo groups. Treatment started 48 h before CAG and continued for a total of 6 days. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at baseline, at the time of CAG, and at 6, 24, 48, 72 h, and Day 30 post‐procedure. The primary outcome was the incidence of CI‐AKI; secondary outcomes included kidney function, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and cell death pathways. Forty patients were randomized into either the treatment or placebo group. All subsequent analyses were conducted on an as‐treat basis. The incidence of CI‐AKI was significantly lower in the melatonin group compared to the placebo group (25% vs. 60%, p = 0.025). The melatonin group showed a significantly smaller percentage change in plasma neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) at all time points. In the PBMC study, cellular oxidative stress was significantly reduced in the melatonin group at each time point, and mitochondrial oxidative stress was lower at 48–72 h. Mitochondrial respiration improved significantly, and both necrosis and necroptosis were reduced at 24 h. Melatonin administration effectively reduced the incidence of CI‐AKI in CKD patients undergoing CAG. This protective effect was associated with decreased oxidative stress, enhanced mitochondrial function, and reduced cell death, suggesting melatonin as a promising preventive strategy for CI‐AKI.

Trial Registration: TCTR20210123004
Prevalence and associations of self‐reported sleep problems in a large sample of patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Asadpoordezaki Ziba , Henley Beverley M. , Coogan Andrew N.
Published: January 2025

Sleep problems are important comorbid features of, and risk factors for, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). To assess the prevalence and associations of sleep problems in patients with PD we analysed data from almost 54,000 participants in the Fox Insight study, including data from 38,588 patients with PD. Sleep problems are common in PD, with ~84% of respondents with PD reporting difficulty falling or staying asleep. Experiences of insomnia, restless leg syndrome, vivid dreams, acting out dreams, and the use of sleep medication are over‐represented in patients with PD compared with matched healthy controls. Male sex and PD onset before the age of 50 were also associated with a greater risk of sleep problems. A physician diagnosis of insomnia was associated with more symptoms of depression, impairment of cognition‐dependent independence, and a lower quality of life. Sleep problems were also associated with a higher prevalence of OFF periods compared with PD patients without sleep problems. 6.7% of PD patients endorsed sleep complaints as their most bothersome symptom, and reported non‐specific poor sleep quality as the most common sleep problem. These patients also had a better quality of life and lower depression and cognitive impairments than patients for whom postural instability was their most bothersome symptom, indicating the relative burden of sleep problems is contextualised by the severity of motor symptoms. Overall, these findings reinforce the high prevalence of sleep problems in a very large sample of PD patients, and indicate important associations of sleep problems with daily function and quality of life in PD.
Long‐Term Immunity and Anamnestic Response Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ramrakhiani Hannah , Le Michael H. , Kam Leslie , Nguyen Brian , Yeo Yee Hui , Levesley Charles R. , Gudapati Surya , Barnett Scott , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H.
Published: January 2025

Using a systematic review and meta‐analytic approach, this study determined the durability of HBV immunity and the prevalence of anamnestic response to a booster HBV vaccine dose in individuals previously vaccinated with a 3‐dose HBV vaccine series as children or adolescents. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane from inception to 6/1/2023 and performed data extraction. Studies that included individuals with significant comorbidities or < 5 years of follow‐up were excluded. Of 2517 potential studies, we analysed 91 eligible studies (193,359 individuals from 208 cohorts [some studies provided data for more than one cohort]). Median age at vaccination was 0 years (range: 0–20.00). After a median follow‐up of 10.15 years (range: 5–35), 63.2% (95% CI: 59.3–67.0) retained HBV immunity. HBV immunity declined by 6.62% per follow‐up year (Ptrend < 0.0001). In meta‐regression adjusting for vaccine type, follow‐up time and geographic location, age at vaccination was significantly associated with retaining HBV immunity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.12 per year, p < 0.0001). Anamnestic response rate (44 studies, 66 cohorts, 29,040 patients) was 90.34% (95% CI: 86.84–92.98), with highest rates in Europe and Asia, but only study setting (clinical versus community‐based: aOR 2.21, p = 0.034) was an independent factor. HBV immunity prevalence was about 60% after 10 years following childhood vaccination. Anamnestic response rate was about 90% and varied by study setting. Testing for immunity should be considered in individuals with high exposure risk and distant vaccination history with booster as needed.
Characterization of post‐ictal clinical signs in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy: A questionnaire‐based study
Authors: Nagendran Aran , Nettifee Julie A. , Carter Dani , Muñana Karen R.
Published: January 2025

Background

Post‐ictal (PI) clinical signs are a key defining stage of seizure manifestation in dogs. However, this phase remains poorly understood.

Objectives

To further characterize PI signs and their relation to other parts of a seizure, and understand the owner's perception of how PI signs affect the quality of life (QOL) of the dog.

Animals

Eight‐seven dogs with a diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy from a single institution.

Methods

The prospective questionnaire‐based study surveying owners of dogs previously and newly diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy.

Results

Post‐ictal signs were identified in 79/87 dogs, 5/5 of dogs with focal seizures and 74/82 of dogs with generalized seizures. Median duration of PI signs was 30 minutes (range, 5‐4320 minutes). The most common PI signs reported were disorientation (50/79) and wobbliness or clumsiness (49/79). Within a year, a change in PI signs was seen in 18/79 dogs. The administration of benzodiazepines was significantly associated with an increase in duration of PI signs (P = .04). Post‐ictal signs had more impact on dogs' quality of life compared with ictal signs (P < .01). Groupings of co‐existing PI signs identified included disorientation, blindness and deafness.

Conclusion

Post‐ictal signs are a commonly reported aspect of seizures in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy, both in focal as well as generalized seizures. Co‐existence of signs could provide some valuable insight into the relevance of this particular phase of a seizure. Owner‐reported signs and documentation emphasize the need for a better understanding of PI signs in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.
Enhancing tilapia intestinal health and growth: Response surface methodology‐optimized Schizochytrium limacinum and Lactococcus lactis supplementation
Authors: Wang Yan , Tang Wei , Chen Siming , Zhao Zichen , Huang Qingqin , Li Jianlong , Lin Chuan , Deng Hengwei , Zhong Zhihong , Guo Weiliang , Wang Shifeng , Sun Yun , Zhou Yongcan
Published: January 2025

To improve the growth of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT), the supplementation of Schizochytrium limacinum and Lactococcus lactis was sequentially optimized by a single‐factor method and central composite design combined with response surface methodology (CCD‐RSM) using a developed desirability function (Df) as the response value. The optimum supplementary prescriptions obtained by the single‐factor method and CCD‐RSM were alone 1.5% S. limacinum, alone 1 × 107 CFU/g L. lactis, and 1.22% S. limacinum + 4.01 × 107 CFU/g L. lactis respectively. The Df of the tilapia fed with the diets supplemented with these optimum prescriptions were 0.53, 0.54, and 0.61, respectively. The Df, weight gain rate (WGR), and feed conversion rate (FCR) of the tilapia fed with the optimum prescriptions obtained by CCD‐RSM were significantly higher than those of the tilapia fed with the diets obtained by single‐factor experiments and the basic diet for 28 days. Furthermore, the results of CCD‐RSM can show that there were significant interactive effects between S. limacinum and L. lactis on trypsin, α‐amylase, lipase, total cholesterol (TC)−1 and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C)−1, and Df, but those of single‐factor method cannot.
High Level of Predation of Atlantic Salmon Smolt During Marine Migration
Authors: Vollset Knut Wiik , Berhe Saron , Barlaup Bjørn T. , Åtland Åse , Isaksen Trond Einar , Wiers Tore , Landro Yngve , Normann Eirik Straume , Lennox Robert J.
Published: January 2025

The early marine migration of Atlantic salmon through coastal areas and fjords is a potential bottleneck in the migration where high losses can occur. Here we use a displacement experiment to attempt to identify mortality hotspots or bottlenecks within a fjord in Western Norway, where earlier studies have indicated exceptionally high mortality and poor recruitment over multiple years. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts from the Dale River were tagged with prediction sensor acoustic transmitters and released at one of six sites within the fjord, which was covered by several receivers up to a large bridge across the fjord. There was a consistently high level of mortality throughout the migration, where none of the smolts from the first three release groups made it past the bridge to the outer fjord (mean survival = 17%). There was a strong effect of release distance on survival, suggesting that releasing the fish further out in the fjord and closer to the bridge improved survival. Mark‐recapture analysis revealed the importance of the predation sensors for calculating survival; without using the information from predation sensors, survival through the system was high and the confidence bands were narrow; however, knowing which individuals had been eaten reduced estimated survival substantially. Once smolts arrived at the end of the tracking array at the bridge, passage of the bridge was slow, and we found that salmon spent time moving laterally along the structure rather than directly through it and appeared to be delayed.
An Inter‐ and Intra‐Rater Agreement Assessment of Two Novel Classification Systems for Coronal Imbalance in Adult Scoliosis and Spine Deformity
Authors: Mardan Muradil , Mamat Mardan , Yasin Parhat , Cai Xiao‐Yu , Fan Guo‐Jun , Xu Tao , Li Bo , Chen Peng‐Bo , Lu Ze‐Yu , Sheng Wei‐Bin , Jiang Sheng‐Dan , Jiang Lei‐Sheng , Zheng Xin‐Feng
Published: January 2025

Objective

Coronal malalignment is a common feature of adult spinal deformity, and accurate classification is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning. However, variations in interpretation among clinicians can impact classification consistency. By assessing the reliability and applicability of these systems across different medical experts, this study seeks to establish a standardized approach to enhance clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the inter‐ and intra‐observer agreement of two classification systems for coronal malalignment in adult spinal deformity patients, as proposed by Qiu et al. and Obeid et al.

Methods

We analyzed 70 cases of adult spinal deformity collected between January 1, 2010, and April 20, 2023, using the classification systems proposed by Qiu et al. and Obeid et al. To assess inter‐ and intra‐rater agreement, the same group of researchers re‐evaluated all cases in a random order after a 4‐week interval. We used the kappa statistic (κ) for inter‐ and intra‐rater agreement assessment.

Results

Qiu's classification system: Inter‐rater agreement: Substantial agreement (κ = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.72–0.80) for Type A, Type B, and Type C. Intra‐rater agreement: Nearly perfect agreement (κ = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.78–0.89) within raters for Type A, Type B, and Type C.

Obeid's classification system: Inter‐rater agreement: Almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83–0.87) for Type 0, Type 1, and Type 2. Complete system: Substantial agreement (κ = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.65–0.71) for all types and subtypes. Intra‐rater agreement: Almost perfect at the type level (κ = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83–0.93) and substantial at the subtype level (κ = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65–0.85).

Conclusions

The research findings indicate a high level of agreement between the classification system described by Qiu et al. and the classification system proposed by Obeid et al. This agreement supports the widespread adoption and utilization of these classification systems in future clinical studies.
Physical function estimates change in pain following IIPT among children with chronic pain
Authors: Seth Mayank , Bentley Katherine , Hottinger Kathryn , Vieni Kate , Reineke Anke , Dalal Pritha
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Chronic pain can negatively impact a child's quality of life. Pediatric Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment (IIPT) programs aim to improve overall functioning despite pain through various rehabilitative strategies. It is, however, unclear whether improved function corresponds to self‐reported decrease in pain levels. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between changes in physical function and perceived pain among children with chronic pain who have undergone inpatient IIPT.

Materials and Methods

A secondary analysis of pre‐existing databases of IIPT from two different inpatient acute rehabilitation programs was carried out. Children and adolescents (N = 309; age = 16.2 ± 2.6; 79% females) with chronic pain who attended on average 4‐week inpatient IIPT from Nov 2011 to Jan 2023 were included. Participants completed pain intensity (Numerical Pain Rating Scale) and self‐reported function measures (Lower Extremity Functional Scale [LEFS], Upper Extremity Functional Index [UEFI], Canadian Occupational Performance Measure [COPM]‐Performance, and COPM‐Satisfaction) at admission and discharge.

Results

Change in self‐reported physical function was significantly associated with change in pain from admission to discharge. After covariate adjustment, self‐reported physical function (per the LEFS, UEFI, COPM‐Performance, and COPM‐Satisfaction) explained 19.8%, 7.8%, 12.0%, and 8.6% of the variance in change in pain, respectively. These measures of self‐reported physical function further distinguished between minimal (<30%) and moderate (≥30%) pain reduction.

Conclusions

Self‐reported functional gains during IIPT are associated with greater change in perceived pain. Moreover, measures of self‐reported physical function can help identify children at risk of minimal pain reduction post‐IIPT.
An Indoor Laser Inertial SLAM Method Fusing Semantics and Planes
Authors: Wu Chaohong , Zhong Ruofei , Hu Qingwu , Wu Haiyang , Wang Zhibo , Xu Mengbing , Yuan Xinze
Published: January 2025

LiDAR‐based simultaneous localization and mapping (LiDAR SLAM) technology is widely used for high‐precision 3D mapping in complex environments, especially in the fields of non‐contact remote sensing and geographic information systems. However, affected by factors such as sensor errors and dynamic environment, SLAM methods are prone to accumulate errors, which affect its accuracy and reliability. In this article, we propose a LiDAR SLAM odometry optimization method, Semantic and Planar Constraint SLAM (SPC‐SLAM). The method strengthens the effectiveness of planar constraint by introducing semantic information and combines with factor graph optimization to improve the accuracy of key‐frame pose estimation. In addition, we design a pseudo‐truth‐based threshold judgment mechanism for deciding whether it is necessary to perform semantic segmentation steps to ensure the efficiency of SLAM as much as possible. We conducted comparative experiments on part of public data in SubT‐MRS Dataset and self‐acquired campus data. The results show that in the complex indoor environments we chose, LIO‐SAM is unable to complete the whole mapping under the initial parameters, and the overall absolute trajectory error of SPC‐SLAM is reduced by about 65% compared with the FAST‐LIO2, demonstrating the potential of the method for application in accurate indoor mapping and 3D imaging.
Guardians of the Game: UV‐Specific Skin Cancer Prevention by Coaches in Outdoor Sports
Authors: Leer Sophie , Ehls Clara , Schneider Sven
Published: January 2025

Background

Due to the global rise in UV radiation, the prevalence of skin cancer is increasing significantly, with outdoor athletes being identified as a particularly vulnerable population group.

Methods

This nationwide, cross‐sectional study was conducted among adult coaches from the 10 largest outdoor sports associations in Germany. Their applied prevention measures and the potential for further improvement in prevention were evaluated by guideline based scores (range [0–100]). Additionally, sport‐, coach‐, and club‐specific variables were analysed and barriers that prevent comprehensive UV prevention were identified.

Results

The UV prevention practice of the 1200 participating coaches averaged 53.43 ± 16.37 [0.00–95.31], while the potential UV prevention options were assessed at a comparatively higher value of 58.82 ± 17.53 [0–100]. Notably, the proper use of sunscreen emerged as the most neglected preventive measure. Coaches identified the greatest potential for improvement in sunscreen renewal, water‐resistant sun protection products and sunglasses. The study also revealed significant differences in UV protection practices between different sports, with soccer, tennis, and swimming exhibiting the most pronounced deficits. Factors such as coach qualification and experience, as well as club size and the size of training groups influenced the level of UV protection implemented. Many coaches cited various implementation obstacles such as fixed training times and resource constraints.

Conclusion

The study highlights specific areas for improvement in UV protection practices in outdoor sports, considering differences on sport, coach, and club levels. The significant number of active athletes in these sports underscores the public health importance of addressing UV protection in this field.
Young and informed? Adolescents' perceptions of ‘left’ and ‘right’
Authors: Durmuşoğlu Linet R. , van der Brug Wouter
Published: January 2025

The terms ‘left’ and ‘right’ are often used in political communication to describe the main differences between parties. Adolescents who are learning about politics also learn to understand the party system (partially) through the lens of the left–right spectrum. This study examines adolescents' perceptions of parties' left–right positions and their substantive understandings of ‘left’ and ‘right’ with an innovative battery of items. We use original survey data from Dutch adolescents and their parents to investigate differences and similarities in their perceptions of party positions and the meanings they attach to ‘left’ and ‘right.’ Our findings show that adolescents' understanding of ‘left’ and ‘right’ is remarkably similar to that of the generation of their parents. Even though left–right perceptions of adolescents seem to be influenced by their own parents, adolescents form their perceptions mostly in line with those of the median voter, particularly adolescents that are more engaged and knowledgeable.
A NAC transcription factor NAC50 regulates Fe reutilization in Arabidopsis under Fe‐deficient condition
Authors: Huang Jing , Tu Chun Yan , Wang Hao Yu , Zhang Qiang , Shen Ren Fang , Zheng Lu , Zhu Xiao Fang
Published: January 2025

A lack of iron (Fe) inhibits the growth and development of plants, leading to reduced agricultural yields and quality. In the last ten years, numerous studies have focused on the induction of Fe uptake and translocation under Fe deficiency, but the regulatory mechanisms governing Fe reutilization within plants are still not well understood. Here, we demonstrated the involvement of the NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2 (NAC) transcription factor NAC50 in response to Fe shortage. The content of soluble Fe was greatly reduced in nac50 mutants, leading to increased chlorosis in the newly emerging leaves under the Fe‐deficient condition. Subsequent investigation revealed that the cell wall of the nac50 mutants' roots accumulated more Fe, along with an increment in hemicellulose content, indicating that a cell wall‐associated Fe reutilization pathway was involved in the NAC50‐regulated Fe insufficiency response. Interestingly, the expression of NINE‐CIS‐EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3 (NCED3), a key enzyme in the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway, was down‐regulated in the Fe‐deficient nac50 mutants, resulting in decreased endogenous ABA level and Fe‐deficient sensitive phenotype. Since no direct relationship was observed between NAC50 and NCED3, this suggests a potential role of NAC50 in mediating the ABA accumulation. Moreover, exogenous ABA application in the nac50 mutant restored Fe deficiency resistance to the level observed in wild‐type plants (WT), indicating that NAC50 induced the cell wall Fe reutilization potentially through the regulation of ABA accumulation.
Establishment of an Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation system for the genetic engineering of Linum grandiflorum Desf.
Authors: Gad Karol , Levchuk Hanna , Kappel Christian , Lenhard Michael
Published: January 2025

Genetic transformation is a powerful tool in plant biotechnology. However, its application is limited to species that are well‐studied and easy to transform. There is a critical need to establish transformation protocols for non‐model species. A stable transformation method using Agrobacterium rhizogenes for hairy root transformation and regeneration of transgenic Linum grandiflorum was established. This protocol shows the successful co‐transformation of different T‐DNA fragments from both the native Ri plasmid and the binary vector with the reporter gene. Hairy roots were produced after inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes from which later shoots were formed from the callus, and subsequently, whole plants were regenerated. This protocol significantly facilitates genomic studies in Linum grandiflorum, particularly in investigating genes at the S‐locus supergene, which are crucial for understanding self‐incompatibility. Moreover, the established transformation method enables the production of hairy root lines, which can be utilized for the biosynthesis of medically useful and commercially valuable plant metabolites.
Activation, Work and Well‐Being: Theory, Evidence and Policy Implications
Authors: Whitworth Adam
Published: January 2025

Despite the centrality of activation, paid work and well‐being to advanced welfare systems their inter‐relationships remain fragmented and underdeveloped in scholarship and policy. The present article makes original contributions to theory, evidence and policy in this context. Theoretically the article presents the two alternative accounts of these relationships and argues for their integration into a single framework. Empirically, path analyses within multivariate structural equation models examine this novel integrated theorisation quantitatively for the first time in the literature using the policy case study of a UK‐based voluntary Individual Placement and Support (IPS) activation programme for people with substance misuse issues. The findings support our integrated theoretical framework and highlight the direct importance of activation programmes to client well‐being through programme participation alongside their indirect well‐being importance through the well‐being effects of resulting paid work transitions. The well‐being implications for policy and practice are significant and further research is needed to further develop our understanding of how different activation approaches affect well‐being both directly and through its shaping of differing employment types and trajectories.
UAVs and Social Science: A Transformative Perspective
Authors: Kemarau Ricky Anak , Mohd Jaafar Wan Shafrina Wan , Sakawi Zaini , Abu Bakar Nurul Asyiqin , Muhmad Kamarulzaman Aisyah Marliza , Suab Stanley Anak , Eboy Oliver Valentine , Harun Siti Norliyana , Sa'adi Zulfaqar
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study highlights the transformative impact of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in social sciences, revealing their growing importance across methodologies and ethical considerations. Initially prominent in military use, UAVs now significantly benefit civilian and academic domains, including anthropology, geography, and archaeology. A comprehensive literature review assesses UAV integration into these fields, emphasizing innovative applications and case studies that demonstrate their value in enhancing data collection and research capabilities. UAVs’ ability to gather detailed, wide‐ranging geographical information efficiently underscores their methodological revolution in social science research. This paper underscores UAVs’ potential for deeper analysis and the ethical challenges they pose, forecasting their profound effect on future research trends by marrying technological advances with ethical mindfulness. In moving forward, this study advocates for interdisciplinary collaborations and the development of robust ethical frameworks to maximize the benefits of UAVs while mitigating potential risks, paving the way for their responsible and impactful application in social science research.
Early‐Delayed Radiotoxicity Associated With Stereotactic Radiation Therapy Following a Daily 6 Gy × 5 (30 Gy) Protocol for Presumed Canine Intracranial Meningiomas
Authors: Elliott James
Published: January 2025

Early‐delayed side effects (EDSEs) following treatment of canine intracranial meningiomas with 1–3‐fraction stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) can cause worsening neurologic signs, and one potential method of mitigating this toxicity is reducing the dose per fraction. Twenty dogs with imaging‐diagnosed intracranial meningiomas and telephone follow‐up of at least 6 months received a protocol of 6 Gy × 5, daily (30 Gy). A ‘possible EDSE’ was defined as mental dullness, neurologic exacerbation of existing neurologic signs or new neurologic signs occurring within 1‐4 months of completing SRT, regardless of the response to steroids and even if an MRI was not performed. A ‘probable EDSE’ was defined as mental dullness, neurologic exacerbation of existing neurologic signs or new neurologic signs occurring within 1‐4 months of completing SRT. These signs were either reversible with the initiation or increased doses of prednisolone, or follow‐up MRI revealed no evidence of an alternate explanation. No dogs experienced acute radiotoxicity or clinical signs compatible with EDSEs. The protocol appears to result in limited acute radiotoxicity, and further evaluation of the frequency of long‐term toxicities and relative efficacy should be undertaken.
Update to the PRISMA guidelines for network meta-analyses and scoping reviews and development of guidelines for rapid reviews: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Hutton Brian , Stevens Adrienne , McKenzie Joanne E. , Page Matthew J. , Moher David , McGowan Jessie , Straus Sharon E. , Li Tianjing , Munn Zachary , Pollock Danielle , Colquhoun Heather , Godfrey Christina , Smith Maureen , Tufte Janice , Logan Sherrie , Catalá-López Ferrán , Tovey David , Franco Juan V.A. , Chang Stephanie , Garritty Chantelle , Hartling Lisa , Horsley Tanya , Langlois Etienne V. , McInnes Matthew , Offringa Martin , Welch Vivian , Pritchard Chris , Khalil Hanan , Mittmann Nicole , Peters Micah , Konstantinidis Menelaos , Elsman Ellen B.M. , Kelly Shannon E. , Aldcroft Adrian , Thirugnanasampanthar Sai Surabi , Dourka Jasmeen , Neupane Dipika , Well George , Akl Elie , Wilson Michael , Soares-Weiser Karla , Tricco Andrea C.
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to develop a list of items for potential inclusion in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines for network meta-analysis (NMA), scoping reviews (ScRs), and rapid reviews (RRs).

Introduction:

The PRISMA extensions for NMA and ScRs were published in 2015 and 2018. However, since then, their methodologies and innovations, including automation, have evolved. There is no reporting guideline for RRs. In 2020, an updated PRISMA statement was published, reflecting advances in the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews. These advances are not yet incorporated into these PRISMA extensions. We will update our previous methods scoping reviews to inform the update of PRISMA-NMA and PRISMA-ScR as well as the development of the PRISMA-RR reporting guidelines.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will include any study designs evaluating the completeness of reporting, or offering reporting guidance, or assessing methods relevant to NMA, ScRs, or RRs. Editorial guidelines and tutorials that describe items related to reporting completeness will also be eligible.

Methods:

We will follow the JBI guidance for scoping reviews. For each PRISMA extension, we will (1) search multiple electronic databases from inception, (2) search for unpublished studies, and (3) scan the reference lists of included studies. There will be no language limitations. Screening and data extraction will be conducted by 2 researchers independently. A third researcher will resolve discrepancies. We will conduct frequency analyses of the identified items. The final list of items will be considered for potential inclusion in the relevant PRISMA reporting guidelines.

Review registration:

NMA protocol (OSF: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7BKWY); ScR protocol (OSF: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MTA4P); RR protocol (OSF: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/3JCPE); EQUATOR registration link: https://www.equator-network.org/library/reporting-guidelines-under-development/reporting-guidelines-under-development-for-systematic-reviews/
Frequency Domain Identification of an Industrial Delta Robot and Motion Correction
Authors: Gnad Daniel , Gattringer Hubert , Müller Andreas
Published: January 2025

Delta robots are prominent examples of agile parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) designed for highly dynamic pick-and-place tasks. Optimized minimum time trajectories lead to dynamic load cycles, induce vibrations, and cause overshooting of the end effector (EE) due to the flexibility of the PKM. Crucial to mitigate these effects by means of model-based control is a dynamics model that accounts for the principal elastic compliance, such as gear stiffness and structural elasticities. However, robot manufacturers do not provide data on the structural stiffness. Also, established dynamics identification methods cannot determine stiffness and damping parameters. In this article, a two-step frequency domain identification method is proposed to identify elastic properties by examples of an industrial Delta robot. As a peculiarity of the Delta PKM, the identification is carried out when the platform is removed and for the complete PKM. This allows distinguishing elasticities of the gear-drive units and of the struts. The identified parameters are employed for motion correction to avoid overshooting. This correction does not interfere with the original planning and control function of the industrial robot. Three motion correction schemes (preloading of drives, quasistatic correction, flatness based) are compared. Laser tracker measurements of the EE confirm a drastic reduction of overshooting and thus an increase in the overall tracking accuracy.
Standing or Very Low-Intensity Cycling as Sedentary Breaks: Does Physical Activity Level Matter?
Authors: Metz Lore , Guirado Terry , Moore Halim , Brun Carole , Pereira Bruno , Thivel David , Duclos Martine , Isacco Laurie
Published: January 2025

Background: Active breaks and very low- to low-intensity exercises such as walking or cycling at an active desk have been shown to significantly counteract the negative effect of prolonged sedentary behaviors. The objective was to investigate the effect of physical activity level (PAL) on changes in energy expenditure (EE), heart rate, and substrate oxidation from sit-to-stand and sit-to-light cycling. Methods: Fifty healthy young males and females (age: 23.9 [3.9] y, body mass index: 22.9 [2.3] kg/m2) were submitted to a fixed 1 hour session of different posture allocations: 15-minute sitting, 15-minute standing, 15-minute sitting, and 15-minute very low-intensity cycling. EE, substrate oxidation rates, and heart rate were continuously assessed throughout the experimental visit. Data were then compared between participants according to their PAL in tertiles (low, medium, or high). The high-PAL group showed lower sedentary time (P < .0001) and higher time spent in low (P < .0001), moderate (P < .0001), and vigorous physical activity (P = .0034). Results: ANOVA’s analysis showed that EE significantly increased when standing (+11%) and cycling (+94%) relative to the seated position (P < .05) without any differences between groups. There was also a significant increase in heart rate during standing and cycling compared with sitting (P < .05) without any differences between groups. Relative EE (in kilocalories per minute per kilogram) was significantly higher when seated (P < .05) independent of PAL but marginally higher in the high-PAL group when standing relative to the medium-PAL group (P = .06). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that people’s PAL does not impact energetic and metabolic adaptations during sit-to-stand and sit-to-very-light-intensity cycling exercise.
A Qualitative Longitudinal Exploration of Interactions Between Female Athletes and Sport Medicine Staff During Injury Rehabilitation
Authors: Hutt Kirsten , Tamminen Katherine A.
Published: January 2025

Context: Sport injury is a prevalent setback experienced by athletes, wherein they are required to spend time in rehabilitation and interact with sport medicine staff. Sport medicine staff are a frequent line of contact line of contact for athletes at this time and represent an important part of their support network. There is little exploration surrounding the interactions that female athletes have with sport medicine staff during injury rehabilitation and how these interactions may impact the rehabilitation process. The purpose of this research is to explore the experiences of injured female athletes and their interactions with sport medicine staff during injury rehabilitation. Design: Qualitative study using semistructured qualitative interviews and audio diaries. Interpretive descriptive methodology. Methods: A total of 11 injured female varsity athletes who had sustained a musculoskeletal injury within 2 to 4 weeks of being recruited participated. A total of 6 upper body injuries and 5 lower body injuries are represented. Athletes completed 2 semistructured interviews and weekly audio diary entries across 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Results demonstrated that female athletes felt supported by sport medicine staff when provided with clear information about rehabilitation, when they perceived sport medicine staff as competent, and when sport medicine staff made a personal connection. An overarching theme of mattering was identified as underpinning the athletes’ experiences of feeling supported by sport medicine staff during rehabilitation. Conclusions: When sport medicine staff made female athletes feel that they mattered, they were perceived as more supportive during rehabilitation. Sport medicine staff can help athletes to feel that they matter by engaging in supportive behaviors during the rehabilitation process.
The Effect of Myofascial Release Applied to Thoracolumbar Fascia on Flexibility, Muscular Endurance, and Balance in Healthy Young Adults: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ozdemir Hatice , Bas Aslan Ummuhan , Tonak Hasan Atacan , Kal Ibrahim Cagda
Published: January 2025

Context: Although cranial distant effects occur in self-myofascial release interventions for lower-extremity muscles and fascia, the results of caudal distant effects are still unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the distant effects of myofascial release applied to the thoracolumbar fascia together with exercise training on balance, lower-extremity flexibility, and muscular endurance in healthy young adults. Design: Single-blinded randomized control trial design. Methods: Thirty-six healthy participants aged 18–35 years were randomly divided into 3 groups: myofascial release and exercise group (group 1, n = 12), exercise group (group 2, n = 12), and control group (group 3, n = 12). Three days a week for 4 weeks, group 1 applied the thoracolumbar fascia foam roller massage together with the warm-up, muscular endurance, balance, and stretching exercise program, and group 2 applied the same exercise program except for the foam roller massage. No intervention was made in group 3. Flexibility was assessed with sit and reach test, muscular endurance with the 1-minute sit to stand test, and balance with star excursion balance test before the intervention and at the end of the fourth week. Results: Flexibility, muscular endurance, and dynamic balance values increased significantly in groups 1 and 2 after the intervention (P < .05). When the difference values (Δ) of groups 1 and 2 were compared, there was a difference in favor of group 1 for flexibility, muscular endurance, and dynamic balance (P < .05). Conclusions: The results of the study showed that the effect of the distant myofascial release technique added to the exercise training on flexibility, muscular endurance, and dynamic balance was greater than the exercise training alone.
Comparing the Hip and Lumbar Joint Range of Motion in Patients With Lower Lumbar Disc Herniation and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Mirzapour Mahdieh , Shahpari Omid , Mostafaee Neda , Akhlaghi Saeed , Shahbazi Majid
Published: January 2025

Background: One possible factor contributing to low back pain is hip range of motion (ROM). However, there is inconstancy in published studies, which may be due to the heterogeneity of patients. Therefore, the present study focuses on the relationship between hip ROM and lower lumbar disc herniation (LLDH). Method: A cross-sectional study involved 52 participants between 18 and 65 years old. Two digital inclinometers were utilized to measure the ROM of the lumbar and hip joints in all study participants. For each outcome, 2 measurements were conducted, and the mean of the 2 measurements was utilized for analysis. The level of statistical significance was established at P ≤ .05. Results: The difference in all ROM between the 2 groups is significant except for dominant hip flexion (P < .05). Lumbar flexion was reduced in LLDH compared with healthy individuals (P = .003). The findings manifested a significant correlation between right lumbar rotation and nondominant hip abduction (P = .05, R = .388) and between left lumbar lateral bending and nondominant hip flexion (P = .008, R = .510). Conclusion: Patients with LLDH have reduced hip ROM and lumbar flexion compared with healthy individuals. The study showed correlations between hip and lumbar ROM and emphasized the significance of evaluating hip ROM in LLDH for assessment and treatment planning.