bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escaping the McNamara Fallacy: Toward More Impactful Recommender Systems Research
Authors: Jannach Dietmar , Bauer Christine
Published: January 2021

Recommender systems are among today's most successful application areas of artificial intelligence. However, in the recommender systems research community, we have fallen prey to a McNamara fallacy to a worrying extent: In the majority of our research efforts, we rely almost exclusively on computational measures such as prediction accuracy, which are easier to make than applying other evaluation methods. However, it remains unclear whether small improvements in terms of such computational measures matter greatly and whether they lead us to better systems in practice. A paradigm shift in terms of our research culture and goals is therefore needed. We can no longer focus exclusively on abstract computational measures but must direct our attention to research questions that are more relevant and have more impact in the real world. In this work, we review the various ways of how recommender systems may create value; how they, positively or negatively, impact consumers, businesses, and the society; and how we can measure the resulting effects. Through our analyses, we identify a number of research gaps and propose ways of broadening and improving our methodology in a way that leads us to more impactful research in our field.
The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence 2020 Workshop Program
Authors: Bang Grace , Barash Guy , Bea Ryan , Cali Jacques , Castillo‐Effen Mauricio , Chen Xin Cynthia , Chhaya Niyati , Dhoopar Rohan , Dumancic Sebastijan , Espinoza Huáscar , Farchi Eitan , Fioretto Ferdinando , Fuentetaja Raquel , Galley Michel , Geib Christopher , Hernández‐Orallo José , Huang Xiaowei , Keren Sarah , Kim Seokhwan , Jaidka Kokil , Liu Xiaomo , Lu Tyler , Ma Zhiqiang , Mallah Richard , McDermid John , Michalowski Martin , Mirsky Reuth , Héigeartaigh Seán Ó , Ramachandran Deepak , Segovia‐Aguas Javier , Shaban‐Nejad Arash , Shehory Onn , Shwartz Vered , Srivastava Siddharth , Talamadupula Kartik , Tang Jian , Zhang Dell , Zhang Jian
Published: January 2021

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence 2020 Workshop Program included twenty‐three workshops covering a wide range of topics in artificial intelligence. This report contains the required reports, which were submitted by most, but not all, of the workshop chairs.
The evaluation of catheter infections in kidney disease patients
Authors: ÖZKAN Pervin , GÜNEY İbrahim , KARAKOSE Suleyman , TOPAL Mustafa , ERKUŞ Edip , TARAKCI Arzu
Published: January 2021

Aim: In our study, we aimed to review the factors retrospectively that may be related to catheter infection (CI) in patients who received hemodialysis (HD) treatment in our clinic and followed up due to CI.
Materials and Methods: The files of 105 patients who were hospitalized in the Nephrology clinic or Intensıve Care Unıt (ICU) and who were diagnosed as CI while on HD treatment were analyzed retrospectively.
Results: Forty-seven (44.8%) of the patients were male, 58 (55.2%) were female and the mean age was 62.3 ± 17.6 (19-90). The average length of hospital stay of the patients was 16 (2-60) days and the infection was mortal in 16 (15.2%) patients. In the cultures taken from the catheters, in 51 (48.6%) patients Gr (+) bacteria, in 24 (22.9%) patients Gr (-) bacteria and in 2 (1.9%) patients fungi were detected. There was no reproduction in 26 (24.8%) catheter cultures. The methicillin resistance (MR) was 87.6% and the highest resistance was detected in Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CNS) and S. aureus culture samples. 43 (41.0%) of the patients didn't respond to antibiotics during treatment and catheter exchange was required in these patients. Catheter replacement requirement was significantly higher in the Gr (-) bacterial group (14 patients, 58.3%) (p = 0.050).
Conclusion: To prevent CI, it is important to reveal the factors related to infection. Microbiological agent distribution and resistance rate of each clinic and HD unit are different. Antibiotherapy should be planned according to this agent distribution to decrease antibiotic resistance.
Complementary Alternative Medicine Methods Preferred by Women Diagnosed with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: ÖZCAN Handan , MUT İrem , KARAMANLI Ebru
Published: January 2021

Aim: The study was planned to determine the causes of infection in women diagnosed with urinary tract infections and the preferred complementary and alternative treatment methods of the women.
Material and Method: In the study, 180 women diagnosed with urinary tract infection (UTI) were interviewed. The required permissions were received. The data descriptive information form and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Scale were used.
Results: 73.4% of the participants were diagnosed with more than one UTIs in one year. Almost all of the women who participated in the study stated that they used a CAM method for UTIs (92.8%) and 97.8% of them expressed that this method was effective.
Conclusion: The most commonly used herbal methods are parsley, rosehip, green tea, nettle, linden, thyme and chamomile; dietary methods are yogurt, milk and dairy products, honey, pomegranate, garlic; religious methods are prayers; the psychological approach is exercise. It was determined that the women did not prefer only biological methods.
Evaluation of The Total Quality Performance of Our Clinical Laboratory With Six-Sigma Method
Authors: KATAR Muzaffer , DEVECİ Köksal , ÖZMEN Zeliha Cansel
Published: January 2021

Aim: In order to evaluate the performance of the clinical laboratories, a quality measurement method, The Six-Sigma Methodology, is used. We aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of our clinical laboratory by using the internal and external quality control data of 28 analytes, and by calculating their process sigma values.
Methods: Sigma values of 28 analytes of our laboratory were determined from coefficient of variation (CV %) and bias for 3 subsequent months from December 2018 to January 2019. If the sigma values are >6, between 3 and 6, and <3, they are classified as »world-class«, »good« or »un-acceptable«, respectively.
Results: 6 (21%) analytes; T Protein, Creatinin, Ca, Na, Cl, HbA1c; provided <3 sigma value, 1 (04%) analyte; lipase; provided between 3-6 value and 11 (39%) analytes; amylase, GGT, ALT, LDH, CRP, Lactate, BUN, Direct Bil., T Bil., CK and CK-MB; provided > 6 sigma value for both IQC1 and IQC2 levels for three consecutive months, respectively.
Conclusions: In terms of Six-Sigma Metrics; our results were generally found as world-class or good. An appropriate quality control scheduling should be carried out for each test by using Six-Sigma Methodology in all clinical chemistry laboratories.
Evaluation of the Hand-To-Face Contact Behaviors of Healthcare Workers and Medical Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ALKAN Gülsüm , KESER EMİROĞLU Melike , TÜTER ÖZ Şadiye Kübra , URAL Onur , SÜMER Şua , AKTUĞ DEMİR Nazlım
Published: January 2021

Background: Respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 spread via different transmission routes. While the droplet path plays the most important role in transmisson, contamination of the mucous membranes with contaminated hands also plays an important role in the spread. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the face-touching behaviors of HCWs and intern doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This study was conducted in July 2020 and in the Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine in Konya, Turkey. While 1-hour COVID-19 training was given to healthcare personnel and interns, participants face-touching behavior was monitored through video recording and was tallied with a scoring sheet.
Results: A total of 141 intern doctors, 46 assistant doctors, 14 nurses, 10 associate doctors, and eight staff members participated in the study. On average, each of the participants touched their face a mean of 17.2 times (median: 16; range: 0–45) per hour. Of all the face touches, 85.2% (3,228/3,787) involved contact with a face mask, whereas 14.7 % (559/3787) involved contact with the eye mucosa. Intern doctors touched their faces significantly less often with a mean of 13.7 times per hour (P < 0.001), while nurses touched their faces more often with a mean of 28 times per hour (P < 0.001). Although nurses touched their eye mucosa more often than interns and assistant doctors (P < 0,001), their contact with the face mask was significantly less frequent than that of the other participants (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: To date, there are no effective vaccines or antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV-2. For the time being, isolation, social distancing measures, and individuals’ protective behaviors are essential for preventing infection. HCWs, medical students, and the broader community should be informed about self-inoculation, which can result from touching one’s mucosa or mask with contaminated hands.
PROBLEMS RELATED TO SURGERY AND PATHOLOGY IN LIP CANCER PATIENTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
Authors: GÜN KOPLAY Tuğba , ŞEN Mehtap
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Lip cancers are the second most common cancers of head and neck region. Due to its functional and aesthetic consequences and aggressive course, clinical approach including surgical margins, type of neck dissection and reconstruction techniques are debated topics in lip cancer. We investigated reliability of preoperative evaluations, pathological risk factors for recurrence or metastasis, surgery related morbidities and their management.
Methods: The records of patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic data of the patients were evaluated, the reliability of the punch biopsy and radiological imaging was discussed and the effects of pathological features on the risk of recurrence and metastasis was investigated. Surgery related morbidities were revealed. All these problems and their solutions were discussed in the light of literature.
Results: Punch biopsy was found unreliable in this study. Relapses were associated with advanced stage and perineural invasion while cervical metastasis was related with the size of the specimen and surgical margins. Donor site morbidities were higher in local flaps. Recurrence or metastases were not observed in patients who were treated with extensive excision, neck dissection and reconstruction with free flap.
Conclusions: Early diagnosis and functional and aesthetic repair are the most important factors in terms of prognosis in lip cancer. First surgery is very important that determines the prognosis. As the stage progresses, the surgery becomes complex but prognosis can be as good as early stages with good clinical approach.
Turkey Urticaria Diagnosis and Treatment Guide based; Distribution of Chronic Urticaria Patients Treated in Our Clinic According to Step Therapy
Authors: TUNCEZ AKYUREK Fatma , SARİ Nihal , SAYLAM KURTİPEK Gülcan , ULUTAŞ DEMİRBAŞ Gözde , ZEKEY Emre , AKYÜREK Mehmet , AKDAM Neriman
Published: January 2021

Aim: Chronic urticaria is a condition that requires long-term treatment. In recent years, many countries have created their own guides to evaluate urticaria diagnosis and treatment approaches in an algorithm. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of patients with chronic urticaria treated in our clinic according to the treatment algorithm the "Turkey Urticaria Diagnosis and Treatment Guide"
Material and Method: The files of the patients who applied to the Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases at Selcuk University and were followed up and treated with the diagnosis of chronic urticaria were investigated.
Results: A total of 102 chronic urticaria patients without angioedema were included in the study. According to this guide, 17.6% of patients responded with standard dose antihistamine therapy, while the antihistamine dose given in 15.7% of patients was increased. The antihistamine treatment of 5.7% of patients was replaced by a different group of antihistamines at the same dose as the previous one. 52% of patients responded to omalizumab 300 mg / subcutaneous treatment every 28 days. However, 7.8% of the patients received omalizumab treatment every 14 days or cyclosporine treatment was required to be added to omalizumab treatment. Response to other treatments other than standard treatments was received in 1% of patients.
Conclusion: We believe that our study will facilitate predicting the treatment responses of patients in clinical practice by shedding light on the distribution of chronic urticaria patients according to the treatment algorithm.
Analytical Comparison of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Multiple Daily Injections in Children and Adolescents with Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: AA Siddig , TDMP Bui , DR Readon , M Ven , Z Bailes , J Hefner , A Gillig , D Singh , KG Yeboah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is a form of insulin administration for patients with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) that was introduced as a means of stimulating normal plasma insulin fluctuations and provide better metabolic control that is better than multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CSII as compared to MDI in the treatment of T1DM in children and adolescent below 20 years of age.
Advanced Heart Failure Exacerbated by Discreet Left Ventricular Lead Non-Capture
Authors:   Department of Cardiology, Deborah Heart and Lung Center, New Jersey, USA, Krathen Jon , Costello John ,   Department of Cardiology, Deborah Heart and Lung Center, New Jersey, USA, Moshiyakhov Mark ,   Department of Cardiology, Deborah Heart and Lung Center, New Jersey, USA, Corbisiero Raphael ,   Department of Electrophysiology, Deborah Heart and Lung Center, New Jersey, USA, Barn Kulpreet ,   Department of Advanced Heart Failure, Deborah Heart and Lung Center, New Jersey, USA
Published: January 2021

This case report illustrates a challenging case of worsening heart failure in a previously well-compensated patient with unclear etiology. Further workup revealed the patient’s cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) left ventricle (LV) lead was losing capture during positional changes. This case demonstrates the importance of device optimization, as well as electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring to elucidate possible causes of acute systolic heart failure.
Histopathological Analysis of the Pro-Arrhythmogenic Changes in a Suspected Chagas Disease Sudden Death
Authors:   Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Renal y Cardiovascular, Caracas, Venezuela and Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Medical faculty, Barquisimeto, Venezuela, Rodríguez Héctor O.
Published: January 2021

Background Sudden death is the principal cause of fatality in Chagas disease, afflicting to non-symptomatic patients younger than 50-years. For this, sudden death associated with chagasic malignant arrhythmias is underdiagnosed and their pathophysiological basis is poorly understood. Aims In this sense, this work aimed to analyze the histopathological alterations in cardiac structures specialized in the generation/conduction of action potential in an anatomopathological case of non-diagnosed sudden death living in a Chagasic endemic area. Methods The donor was a woman, 62-year-old, which ingressed without vital signs to the emergency room of “Antonio María Pineda” hospital, without any apparent antecedents of cardiac disease. The gross examination was normal, with no external evidence of structural/ischemic disease. Results Microscopic examination revealed nodal like cell depopulation, microvascular disturbances, chronic myocarditis with mononuclear and mast cell infiltrate plus extracellular matrix reaction, and profuse damage of neural structures placed in nodal region. Amastigote nest of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) was detected. Conclusion These findings suggest a complex association among parasite persistence, sinus disease, micro-ischemia foci, and neural inflammation in the genesis of malignant arrhythmias of Chagas disease despite the absence of structural disease or massive necrosis. It is important to perform a protocol of examination for no explained sudden death cases in chagasic endemic countries, to avoid misdiagnosed of sudden death associated with Chagas disease.
Radio Histological Treatment of Endometrial Hyperplasia: A Case Report
Authors:   Master’s Degree in Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, San Carlos University, GT, Guatemala, Berganza Priscila F. , Molina Maria D. ,   Master’s Degree in Gynecology and Obstetrics, San Carlos University GT, Guatemala and National Autonomous University of Mex, Mexico, USA, Dahinten María A. P. ,   Master’s Degree in Gynecology and Obstetrics, San Carlos University GT, Guatemala, Ramos Mariela S. ,   Master’s Degree in Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, San Carlos University, GT, Guatemala
Published: January 2021

Endometrial hyperplasia is defined as the pathological condition caused by hyper plastic changes at the level of the glandular and stromal structures of the endometrium that are part of the lining of the endometrial cavity. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia can cause an essential problem because it is considered a precursor of endometrial cancer. The early diagnosis of precancerous endometrial lesions and the exclusion of pre-existing endometrial carcinomas are necessary for patients’ optimal management. The following is a case of a 50-year-old Guatemalan patient with a three-day history of vaginal bleeding. The transvaginal ultrasound reports endometrial thickening suggestive of endometrial hyperplasia. The diagnosis was confirmed with histology. The treatment offered was surgery without indicating any medication.
3D nyomtatás alapú cranioplasztika szilikon öntészeti módszerek és csontcement alkalmazásával
Authors: Manó Sándor , Kővári Viktor Zsolt , Szabó János , Csámer Loránd , Kovács Ágnes Éva , Soósné Horváth Hajnalka , Csernátony Zoltán
Published: January 2021

A koponyacsont veleszületett, vagy szerzett hiányainak pótlása az intracraniális tér különleges fizikai és élettani viszonyai miatt rendkívül fontos. Nem hanyagolható el a műtét esztétikai hatása sem. Az intézetünkben kidolgozott cranioplasztikai eljárás folyamán, a koponyáról készült vékony réteg CT felvételek 3D rekonstrukciója során az ép oldalt szoftveresen a sérült régióra tükrözzük, majd az átfedő pontokat kivonjuk egymásból. Így előállítható a defektus pótlására alkalmas alak-és méretpontos 3D modell. A sérült koponyarészletet kinyomtatva a pótlás pontos illeszkedése könnyen ellenőrizhető, probléma esetén a modell módosítható. A végleges modellről sterilizálható szilikon öntőmintát készítünk, melynek felhasználásával műtét közben a megfelelő pótlás poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) alapú csontcementből steril körülmények között kiönthető és beültethető. 2013-tól 2020-ig a Szegedi Tudományegyetem Általános Orvostudományi Karának Idegsebészeti Tanszékével és a Magyar Honvédség Egészségügyi Központ Honvédkórház Idegsebészeti Osztályával együttműködve 51 esetben készítettünk ezzel a módszerrel cranioplasztika öntőformát. Műtéttechnikai probléma nem volt. 2 beteg esetében 3 pótlást érintően lépett fel szeptikus, a bemutatott implantátum-előállító eljárástól független szövődmény, emiatt a pótlások eltávolítására kényszerültünk. Véleményünk szerint a 3D nyomtatási technológiával előállított szilikon öntőformában, csontcementből készülő egyedi implantátumok igen jó eredménnyel alkalmazhatóak a koponya csontos hiányainak pótlására.
Cyclic Immunofluoresence Staining Protocol (OHSU) v3
Authors: Eng Jenny , Chin Koei , Hu Zhi
Published: January 2021

Cyclic immunofluorescence protocol, including tissue processing and staining, image acquisition and fluorophore bleaching.
Are false-positive, second-trimester maternal serum screens for fetal aneuploidy associated with adverse outcomes amongst singleton pregnancies globally? A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. v1
Authors: Pylypjuk Christy , Monarrez-Espino Joel
Published: January 2021

Background: Multiple-marker, maternal serum screening (MSS) has been the cornerstone of prenatal diagnosis since the 1970s. While combinations of these markers are used to predict the risk of Down syndrome there is some literature to suggest that individual markers may also predict an increased risk of other adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between false-positive, second-trimester MSS tests and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes amongst singleton pregnancies globally. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Electronic searches of Pubmed, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, as well as hand-searches of scientific meeting abstracts (Fetal Medicine Foundation, Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis) andother grey literature sources (ProQuest Dissertations and Google Scholar) to latest available date (estimated Dec 2018). STUDY SELECTION: Observational studies comparing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes amongst singleton pregnancies with false-positive second-trimester maternal serum screening tests to those of screen-negative singleton controls. Outcomes of interest include preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and stillbirth. DATA EXTRACTION (& Methods): Using a standardized data extraction form, the author will independently screen studies, extract data, and assess quality of eligible studies. Following a qualitative synthesis of relevant studies, a meta-analysis will be performed. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals will be pooled by individual outcome and type of maternal serum screen test type to generate summary effect estimates for the outcomes of interest. CONCLUSIONS: There is conflicting evidence in the literature about the relationship, if any, between false-positive, second-trimester maternal serum screens and risk of placentally-mediated complications of pregnancy. Given that this research question can only be explored using observational studies, it lends itself ideally to pursuit of a systematic review and synthesis of results using meta-analysis.
O modelo de assistência à saúde mental das pessoas em uso problemático de drogas: uma reflexão sob a ótica dos Direitos Humanos dos Pacientes
Authors: Cardoso Ângela Maria Rosas , Albuquerque Aline
Published: January 2021

Objective: to analyze the mental health care model based on the Law No. 10.216 of 2001 and the changes foreseen in the Law No. 13.840 of 2019, related to the treatment of people with problematic drug use. Methods: this is a theoretical and documentary research, based on specific literature on people in problematic drug use, supported by the theoretical-normative framework of Patients' Human Rights. Results: the Psychosocial Care Center is a substitute device for psychiatric hospitalization, which promotes psychosocial rehabilitation and social reinsertion of patients. Thus, the Law No. 13.840 of 2019, while dealing with the involuntary admission of people with problematic drug use and reinforces the model of abstinence, institutionalization and therapeutic communities, maintains the logic of care focused on stigmatization and social isolation, disregarding the principles of patient-centered care. Conclusion: The government's actions clearly show that there are still many paths of struggle and social movements to guarantee acquired rights, aiming at maintaining dignified treatment to the patient.
The development of Germanic analytical tenses
Authors: Botsman Andriy , Dmytruk Olga , Kozlovska Tamara
Published: January 2021

The stages that encompass the future tense development are singled out as discrete phenomena within the process of the Germanic language development. The Gothic verb system can serve as the background for the investigation of the tense transformations in question. The difficulties of tense examination in the Old Germanic languages were connected with some conceptions about the Indo-Iranian and Greek languages that used to dominate in the scientific circles for a long time. Those conceptions were based on Latin and Greek patterns and postulated the use of present, past and future tenses in all Indo-European languages. The above conceptions were ruined when the study of Tokharian and Hittite demonstrated the use of the present tense for the description of future actions. The idea of losing “the protolanguage inheritance” was proved wrong, and it was incorrect to transfer the complex tense system of Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin to other Proto-Indo-European languages. The examination of the tense differentiation in Gothic (as the main source of the Old Germanic language) demonstrates that the Gothic infinitive functioned as a no-particular-time unit, while personal verb forms were involved in performing tense functions. The Gothic present tense verbs represented present and future tenses and no-particular-time phenomena. Some periphrastic forms containing preterite-present verbs with the infinitive occurred sporadically. The periphrastic forms correlated with Greek and Latin patterns of the same future tense meaning. The periphrastic future forms in Gothic often contained some modal shades of meaning. The Gothic present tense functioned as a colony-forming archi-unit and a pluripotential (temporal) precursor. The periphrastic Gothic future forms are recognised as a monopotential (temporal) precursor with some modal meaning. The key research method used in the present article is the comparative historical method. The authors viewed it as the most reliable and appropriate for the study of tense forms.
Standards of textuality in perfume and cosmetic names
Authors: Nikiforova Yevgeniia , Galitska Elizaveta
Published: January 2021

This article deals with the problem of perfume and cosmetic names. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of names in the context of textuality. Perfume and cosmetic names verbalize all features, qualities and individual characteristics of these goods. They create the naming space that consists of four nominative components: brand, basic, genitive and functional-descriptive. It is the basic nominative component that reflects the main part of information about perfumes and cosmetic goods. Four nominative components function as corresponding text information blocks. It means that perfume and cosmetic name combines two spaces. The first space is naming that is represented with the integrated perfume and cosmetic naming complex. The complex grasps four nominative components. The second space is informational that stores the necessary volume of information and creates a communicative background. The information scope is kept in the text construction. The volume of information is divided into four relevant text blocks. Together all these blocks form text boundaries which outline the text construction. The text construction is characterized by two interdependent features coexisting in the integrated perfume and cosmetic naming complex such as discreteness and wholeness. This is a very significant cohesive factor within the text construction. Cohesion is realized on the lexical level involving the mechanism of repetition which is the part of reiteration. On the other hand, repetition may be complete (the naming unit is repeated literally) and partial (the naming unit is repeated partly). The repetition may be between nearest blocks (having common side) and distant blocks (without a common side). The result of the research broadens the set of naming units adding to word, phrase and sentence the next unit recognized as text.
Text as a verbalized consciousness in expert analysis
Authors: Shevchenko Larysa , Syzonov Dmytro
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to a complex set of issues related to the understanding of the TEXT category in modern jurisprudence and practical activities of an expert linguist. According to the authors of the article, the text as a verbalized consciousness of an individual / a social group / people has integral features inherent in verbal communication of homo sapiens, such as internal coherence, logic, completeness, linguistically represented formal realization, etc. However, the text as an object of linguistic expertise is a complex communicative substance, formalized in words (written / graphic), sounds (oral), words and sounds (creolized). Therefore, the criteria for reference to the text are its semantic and grammatical connection, which are manifested in the systematic and consistent completion of linguistic communication. The characteristics of the text in the linguistic-expert analysis are correlated with the communicative sphere of functioning – mass media, fictional, official business, scientific, which is analyzed by the linguist-expert in the corresponding stylistic categories. Hence, linguists-experts analyze the communicative parameters of the text in terms of cohesion, coherence, semantic decoding, possibilities of perception by recipients, informativeness, hyper- and intertextuality, manipulativeness. The questions posed to the linguist-expert are specified by the specialist only when analyzing the proposed text, which provides for its professional separation from other similar verbalized communicative structures. The article pays special attention to the distinction between such concepts of legal linguistics as "linguistic expertise", "linguistic legal expertise", "judicial expertise", "linguistic expertise of a legal text" which are key in the professional work of a linguist-expert. Thus, the text, correlated with the linguistic consciousness of the author, appeals to the recipient, is determined in the systemic characteristics of a particular functional style and communicative situation.
Legal Foundations for Exporting Dual-Use Goods from the European Union
Authors: Slepak V. Yu.
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to the examination of the main aspects of the legal regulation of exporting dual-use goods in the EU under Council Regulation (EU) No. 428/2009 of 5 May 2009. The main objective of the instrument under consideration is to establish a system common for EU Member States to control effectively the export of dual-use goods in order to ensure compliance of EU member States with international obligations, especially with regard to the regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. The author concludes that the current Regulation on export of dual-use goods is a logical extension and continuation of the EU instruments regulating arms trade with the third countries that pursues the same objectives, i.e. to implement the international legal obligations of the EU Member States assumed under multilateral control and non-proliferation regimes. Under the selected regulatory model, the EU failed to take the opportunity of replacing relevant national regulation; the Dual-Use Export Regulation defines a general framework, leaving it to Member States to take certain measures aimed at promoting an EU-wide approach. It is up to Member States to establish an appropriate control system for transactions, involving dual-use products, carried out by their nationals and legal entities. On the one hand, it allows the authorities of Member States, due to their proximity to economic entities, to take into account to a greater extent the characteristics of the national market. On the other hand, such a system leads to discrepancies in the practice of applying, in theory at least, uniform measures for the whole Union. Thus, even with the legal basis for independent and exclusive regulation of the export of dual-use products, the EU has faced with the unwillingness of Member States to adopt such restrictions and had to focus on coordinating the activities of Member States, leaving them with a considerable degree of independence and autonomy.
Law and Information Technologies in Modern Conditions of Globalization
Authors: Shakhnazarov B. A.
Published: January 2021

The author considers various aspects of the use of information technologies in the context of globalization in cross-border private law relations. Separately, the issues of determining the law applicable to relations implemented using information technologies (Internet sites, blockchain technologies, mobile applications), the problems of jurisdiction are analyzed. The legal approaches of the Russian Federation, the United States, the EU, and the People's Republic of China are examined. Special attention is given to both the normative legal approaches adopted in these countries, as well as law enforcement practice, decisions and comments of the highest courts. Blockchain technology is analyzed as the most effective information technology that leads to e-commerce processes optimization, ensures the immutability of data in the system and their safe storage and processing. The paper discusses the latest Russian legislation on digital financial assets and digital currency, which can be created based on blockchain technology. It is noted that by recognizing the digital currency as a means of payment, but not recognizing it as a monetary unit, the Russian legislator creates an ambiguous legal field and, in fact, leaves the law enforcement authorities the right to decide on the perception of the digital currency as a specific object of civil rights, sharing it with the concept of a digital financial asset. Through the prism of the influence of the technological environment on the regulation of cross-border private law relations, the principle of technological neutrality is considered. There is a tendency to deviate from the principle of technological neutrality, to develop self-regulatory activities, regulatory mechanisms within the technological environment, to the need to take into account the technology of implementation of relations (which characterizes a particular "state affiliation" of relations) when determining the applicable law, jurisdiction over disputes arising from crossborder relations.
Расширенное, отсутствующее, универсальное тело и две программы нейроэтики
Authors: Шевченко Сергей Юрьевич
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматриваются четыре подхода к концептуализации телесности и их роли в контексте прагматистской и феноменологических программ нейроэтики. Четыре подхода, получившие изначальное развитие в когнитивных науках (extended, embedded, embodied и enactive / enacted cognition) принято объединять акронимом 4E. Однако среди философов и нейрокогнитивных исследователей существуют разногласие во взглядах на внутренние взаимоотношения этих подходов и на их применение в нейроэтике. Будучи по-разному усвоены в контексте описания, моделирования, инжиниринга и оценки нейронных процессов и нейротехнологий, применение 4E-подходов привело к концептуализации тела как расширенного, отсутствующего и универсального. Универсальное тело может пониматься как всеобщий источник важных аспектов семантики естественных языков, как то, что формирует выраженный опыт познания. Отсутствующее тело — как правильно работающий инструмент, концептуализации которого можно избежать. Расширенное тело — как носитель расширенного познания, набор физических возможностей, обуславливающих когнитивное расширения. В конце статьи вводится понятие расширяемого тела как концептуально связанного с возможностью осуществления когнитивной автономии.

В качестве промежуточного вывода, предназначенного для дальнейшего обсуждения, предлагается следующий тезис: феноменологические и функционалистские подходы к оценке нейротехнологий рассматривают тело как расширяемое (с позиций enacted cognition). Критика социального конструирования тела и его когнитивных ролей (с позиций embodied cognition) отталкивается от разделений, вносимых в концепт универсального тела.
Биосоциальность, генетизация, биоидентичность: социально-философский взгляд
Authors: Попова Ольга Владимировна , Попов Владимир Викторович
Published: January 2021

В статье рассмотрены социально-философские проблемы развития феноменов биосоциальности, генетизации и биоидентичности. Продемонстрировано, что их присутствие в биополитической повестке — современный этап развития технонауки. Показан процесс формирования биосоциальных групп и дано общее представление о таких стадиях развития биосоциализации, как «коллективное вскипание» и «конвергенция усилий». Рассмотрен синдемический подход к проблеме биосоциальности, указывающий на релевантность лечения заболеваний с учетом социальной компоненты.

Проведен философский анализ проблем генетизации и неидентичности. Сделан вывод о том, что генетизация несет, с одной стороны, серьезный ятрогенный эффект, а с другой — порождает новый порядок социальных отношений и новые способы координации членов общества и формирования коллективных идентичностей, а также формирует новую биополитическую повестку, в рамках которой учитывается особая активность пациентов, их способность к самоорганизации и отстаиванию своих прав.
Karakterisasi fraksi amonium sulfat tripsin yang diisolasi dari usus ikan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis)
Authors: Nurhayati Tati , Nugraha Roni , Ningdya Lihuana Diana
Published: January 2021

Usus ikan tongkol merupakan bagian saluran pencernaan ikan yang memiliki pH neteral sehingga berpotensi sebagai sumber enzim, yaitu enzim tripsin. Enzim tripsin dari jeroan ikan bisa menjadi alternatif dari enzim tripsin komersil yang berasal dari babi dan sapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik fraksi amonium sulfat enzim tripsin dari usus ikan tongkol. Tahapan penelitian diawali dengan ekstraksi enzim tripsin dari usus ikan tongkol lalu difraksinasi menggunakan amonium sulfat (0-80%). Fraksi terbaik dikarakterisasi suhu, pH, pengaruh ion logam, stabilitas terhadap NaCl, dan substrat optimum serta dilakukan analisis kinetika reaksi. Pengukuran aktivitas enzim menggunakan substrat N-α-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar tripsin memiliki aktivitas sebesar 0,205 U/mL. Aktivitas enzim tripsin tertinggi terdapat pada fraksi amonium sulfat fraksi 40-50% sebesar 0,248 U/mL. Enzim bekerja optimum bekerja pada suhu 60°C dan pH 9. Ion logam ZnCl2 dan CaCl2 menghambat aktivitas tripsin, sedangkan MnCl2, CuCl2, dan NaCl dapat meningkatkan aktivitas tripsin. Aktivitas tripsin stabil pada NaCl 5-30%. Enzim tersebut memiliki nilai Vmaks sebesar 0,42 mmol/s dan nilai Nilai Km sebesar 1,12 mM
Humming Trains in Seismology: An Opportune Source for Probing the Shallow Crust
Authors: Pinzon-Rincon Laura , Lavoué François , Mordret Aurélien , Boué Pierre , Brenguier Florent , Dales Philippe , Ben-Zion Yehuda , Vernon Frank , Bean Christopher J. , Hollis Daniel
Published: January 2021

Seismologists are eagerly seeking new and preferably low-cost ways to map and track changes in the complex structure of the top few kilometers of the crust. By understanding it better, they can build on what is known regarding important, practical issues. These include telling us whether imminent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are generating telltale underground signs of hazard, about mitigation of induced seismicity such as from deep injection of wastewater, how the Earth and its atmosphere couple, and where accessible natural resources are. Passive seismic imaging usually relies on blind correlations within extended recordings of Earth’s ceaseless “hum” or coda of well-mixed, small vibrations. In this article, we propose a complementary approach. It is seismic interferometry using opportune sources—specifically ones not stationary in time and moving in a well-understood configuration. Its interpretation relies on an accurate understanding of how these sources radiate seismic waves, precise timing, careful placement of pairs of listening stations, and seismic phase differentiation (surface and body waves). Massive freight trains were only recently recognized as such a persistent, powerful cultural (human activity-caused) seismic source. One train passage may generate a tremor with an energy output of a magnitude 1 earthquake and be detectable for up to 100 km from the track. We discuss the source mechanisms of train tremors and review the basic theory on sources. Finally, we present case studies of body- and surface-wave retrieval as an aid to mineral exploration in Canada and to monitoring of a southern California fault zone. We believe noise recovery from this new signal source, together with dense data acquisition technologies such as nodes or distributed acoustic sensing, will deeply transform our ability to monitor activity in the shallow crust at sharpened resolution in time and space.
The 18 March 2020 M 5.7 Magna, Utah, Earthquake: Strong-Motion Data and Implications for Seismic Hazard in the Salt Lake Valley
Authors: Wong Ivan , Wu Qimin , Pechmann James C.
Published: January 2021

The 2020 oblique normal-faulting M 5.7 Magna mainshock has provided the best dataset of recorded strong ground motions for an earthquake within the Wasatch Front region, Utah, and the larger Basin and Range Province. We performed a preliminary evaluation of the strong motion and broadband data from this earthquake and compared the data with the Next Generation Attenuation - West2 Project (NGA-West2) ground-motion models (GMMs). The highest horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) recorded was 0.43g (geometric mean of the two horizontal components) at a station located above the rupture plane at a rupture distance of 8 km. Eleven stations recorded PGAs >0.20g. Most of these stations are located on the deep sedimentary deposits within the Salt Lake Valley, and all are at rupture distances <20  km. The data compare favorably with the NGA-West2 GMMs, although the expected variability was observed. PGAs exceed the GMM predictions at the closest distances for the source model that we used. The area of the strongest ground shaking encompassed the town of Magna, where some of the heaviest damage occurred.

A significant implication of the 2020 Magna earthquake for seismic hazards in the Salt Lake Valley arises from the possibility that this earthquake occurred on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault. If so, then the dip of this fault segment must decrease with depth to ≤30°–35°, as proposed by Pang et al. (2020)—at least along the northern part of the segment where the earthquake occurred. Because of the lack of information about the subsurface geometry of the Wasatch fault zone, modeling of this fault zone in seismic hazard analyses has assumed a moderate dip of 50°±15°. Assuming a more shallowly dipping fault results in higher estimates of ground shaking in future large earthquakes on this fault. Alternative interpretations of the Magna earthquake are that it occurred (1) on an auxiliary fault within the Wasatch fault zone or (2) on a listric section of the northern Salt Lake City segment that is not representative of the geometry of the whole fault segment.
The Silencing of U.S. Campuses Following the COVID-19 Response: Evaluating Root Mean Square Seismic Amplitudes Using Power Spectral Density Data
Authors: Guenaga David L. , Marcillo Omar E. , Velasco Aaron A. , Chai Chengping , Maceira Monica
Published: January 2021

In response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, many populated and active regions have become deserted and show significant reductions in their background seismicity, especially campuses across the United States (U.S.). Seismic sensors located in the vicinity of or within U.S. campuses show that anthropogenic seismic noise remains elevated during the ordinary, nonpandemic, academic year, only subduing during periods of recess (e.g., winter break). Here, we use power spectral density (PSD) data computed by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management Center for quality assessment to calculate root mean square (rms) amplitude and analyze the effects of the COVID-19 school closures. We processed and analyzed PSD data for 46 seismic stations located within 50 m of a U.S. university or college. Results show that 42 campus stations show an overall rms drop following a statewide school closure.
Analysis of the book Judo: path of medals, by Alexandre Velly Nunes
Authors: Trusz Rodrigo Augusto
Published: January 2021

This review presents the book Judô: caminho das medalhas, written by PhD Professor Alexandre Velly Nunes, published in Brazilian Portuguese in 2013 by Kazuá. This work comes from the doctoral research of the author, who interviewed about 90 personages from the history of Brazilian judo in four years of studies. The objective was to present the origins of this sport in the country based on the oral history of the life of Brazilian athletes, who were medalists in World Championships and Olympic Games, and their sensei. I make a brief presentation of the author and summarize the contents of the book, followed by my comments and conclusion.
Performance increments without audience: paired data from mixed martial arts fighters during COVID-19
Authors: Blomqvist Mickelsson Tony , Shaw Vince
Published: January 2021

During COVID-19, athletes have been forced to compete in the absence of audience. Athletic and cognitive performance have been shown to be both incremented and decremented when competing either with or without audience, something that has been termed ‘social facilitation’. The current study sought to investigate this effect in a naturalistic experiment due to the current pandemic, in a sport in which the effect has never been examined; mixed martial arts (MMA). A performance variable was constructed, and data from 86 fighters who competed during COVID-19 were collected and compared to previous competition history. In total, 586 bouts were analyzed. Data distribution and assumptions were explored in which non-normal distribution was found. Subsequently, a test of marginal homogeneity and a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were performed. The results showed that MMA fighters who won their bout without audience displayed poorer performance’s in previous bouts, which were attended by audience. The current study further explores the notion of social facilitation effects and suggests there may be a need to pro-actively incorporate training alternatives that could mitigate performance decrements in fighters who are prone to negative effects due to external stimuli, such as an audience. However, due to the limited observations in the non-audience condition the study results should be interpreted cautiously and considered highly preliminary.