bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pérola de esmalte: epidemiologia, morfopatogênese e relevância na clínica odontológica
Authors: Castro-Silva Igor Iuco , Azevedo Fábio Lopes de , Otero Daniel
Published: July 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: Distúrbios da odontogênese geram anomalias dentárias com relevância diagnóstica e terapêutica. OBJETIVO: O presente artigo teve como objetivos fazer uma revisão sistemática sobre a pérola de esmalte e discutir seu processo formativo, bem como a sua significância na clínica odontológica. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Três bancos de dados eletrônicos (Pubmed, Cochrane e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) foram usados para recuperar artigos científicos dos últimos 30 anos, usando o descritor enamel pearls. RESULTADO: O Brasil ocupa posição de destaque nas publicações temáticas existentes (18%). A etiopatogênese desta anomalia ainda permanece obscura, sendo necessários mais estudos acerca da contribuição de fatores envolvidos com amelogênese ectópica e cementogênese deficiente in situ. Dados epidemiológicos apontam uma frequência variável na população brasileira (0,8 a 8%) e mundial (0,2 a 6,2%), sendo os molares os dentes mais acometidos. Análise morfológica das pérolas de esmalte mostra que esta anomalia de forma e volume pode ser de dois tipos: simples (pérola verdadeira externa ou interna) ou composta (esmalte-dentina ou esmalte-dentina-polpa). É importante o diagnóstico clínico-radiológico diferencial de pérolas de esmalte para permitir o tratamento odontológico adequado, que inclui a ameloplastia como conduta eficaz para minimizar o acúmulo de biofilme oral e a exarcerbação da doença periodontal. CONCLUSÃO: Faz-se necessária a publicação de pesquisas pormenorizadas sobre pérolas de esmalte, a fim de gerar evidências científicas no fazer profissional da Odontologia.
Plastic rotation and tension stiffening effect analysis in beams using photogrammetry
Authors: Carmo R. N. F. do , Valença J. , Dias-da-Costa D.
Published: July 2013

Innovative procedures for monitoring experimental tests using photogrammetry and image processing have been recently proposed. This manuscript aims at providing a practical demonstration of the advantages of using these new techniques in experimental tests up to failure. In this scope, focus is given to the curvature, rotation and to the tension stiffening effect, i.e., the contribution of the concrete between cracks to increase the bending stiffness. These parameters are crucial to describe the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams both in serviceability and in ultimate limit states. These new techniques allow monitoring a high number of points, enhancing the traditional monitoring methods and providing more information which would be impossible to obtain using the traditional methods.
Buccal Bone Formation After Flapless Extraction: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/Absorbable Collagen Carrier and Collagen Sponge Alone
Authors: Coomes Angela M. , Mealey Brian L. , Huynh‐Ba Guy , Barboza‐Arguello Concepcion , Moore William S. , Cochran David L.
Published: July 2013

Background: Flapless extraction of teeth allows for undisturbed preservation of the nearby periosteum and a source of osteoprogenitor cells. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP‐2) has been used for different bone augmentation purposes with great osteoinductive capacity. The aim of this study is to compare the bone regenerative ability of rhBMP‐2 on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier to a collagen sponge (CS) alone in extraction sites with ≥50% buccal dehiscence.

Methods: Thirty‐nine patients requiring extraction of a hopeless tooth with ≥50% buccal dehiscence were enrolled. After flapless extraction and randomization, either rhBMP‐2/ACS carrier or CS alone was placed in the extraction site. After extraction, a baseline cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was obtained of the site, and a similar scan was obtained 5 months postoperatively. Medical imaging and viewing software were used to compare the baseline and 5‐month postoperative images of the study site and assess ridge width measurements, vertical height changes, and buccal plate regeneration.

Results: Radiographically, CBCT analysis showed that with ≥50% of buccal bone destruction, rhBMP‐2/ACS was able to regenerate a portion of the lost buccal plate, maintain theoretical ridge dimensions, and allow for implant placement 5 months after extraction. The test group performed significantly (P <0.05) better in regard to clinical buccal plate regeneration (4.75 versus 1.85 mm), clinical ridge width at 5 months (6.0 versus 4.62 mm), and radiographic ridge width at 3 mm from the alveolar crest (6.17 versus 4.48 mm) after molar exclusion. There was also significantly (P <0.05) less remaining buccal dehiscence, both clinically (6.81 versus 10.0 mm) and radiographically (3.42 versus 5.16 mm), at 5 months in the test group. Significantly (P <0.05) more implants were placed in the test group without the need for additional augmentation. The mean loss in vertical ridge height (lingual/palatal) was less in the test sites but was not significantly (P = 0.514) different between the test and control groups (0.39 versus 0.64 mm).

Conclusions: rhBMP‐2/ACS compared to CS alone used in flapless extraction sites with a buccal dehiscence is able to regenerate lost buccal plate, maintain theoretical ridge dimensions, and allow for implant placement 5 months later.
In vivo endocrine disruption assessment of wastewater treatment plant effluents with small organisms
Authors: Castillo Luis , Seriki Kemi , Mateos Stéphanie , Loire Nicolas , Guédon Nathalie , Lemkine Gregory F. , Demeneix Barbara A. , Tindall Andrew J.
Published: July 2013

Surface water receives a variety of micro-pollutants that could alter aquatic organisms' reproduction and development. It is known that a few nanograms per litre of these compounds can induce endocrine-disrupting effects in aquatic species. Many compounds are released daily in wastewater, and identifying the compounds responsible for inducing such disruption is difficult. Methods using biological analysis are therefore an alternative to chemical analysis, as the endocrine disruption potential of the stream as a whole is considered. To detect hormonal disruption of thyroid and oestrogenic functions, fluorescent Xenopus laevis tadpoles and medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish larvae bearing genetic constructs integrating hormonal responsive elements were used for physiological screens for potential endocrine disruption in streams from an urban wastewater treatment plant. The Xenopus model was used to assess thyroid disruption and the medaka model oestrogenic disruption in wastewater samples. Assays using the genetically modified organisms were conducted on 9 influent and 32 effluent samples. The thyroidal effect of wastewater was either reduced or removed by the treatment plant; no oestrogenic effect was detected in any of the wastewater samples.
Preparation and characterization of EDTAD-modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan composite: application of comparative adsorption of dye wastewater with magnetic chitosan
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Li Yunchun , Ho Steven Sai Hang , Tian Xiumei , Xia Yunxue , Shen Yaou , Zhao Maojun , Pan Guangtang
Published: July 2013

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD)-modified magnetic-Fe3O4 chitosan (EMC), prepared using the cross-link agent glutaraldehyde and chemicals Fe3O4, chitosan, and EDTAD, was used to compare the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) with magnetic chitosan (MC). The composite structure was confirmed by multiple characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and potentiometric titration methods. The characterization results suggest that Fe3O4 particles successfully bound on the surface of chitosan, and the EDTAD thoroughly modified the MC. Furthermore, EMC had more amino, carboxyl, and hydroxy groups than typical MC. Adsorption conditions, such as pH values, initial concentrations of MB, reaction temperature, and contact time were systematically examined. In comparison, the maximum adsorption capacity of EMC was approximately twice as much as that of MC. The recovery efficiency for EMC was >80% using 0.1 M HCl as an eluent solution. Therefore, the results reported herein indicate that EMC is very attractive and imply a practical application for dye wastewater treatment.
Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and interobserver variability of computed tomography in the diagnosis of bullae associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 19 cases (2003–2012)
Authors: Reetz Jennifer A. , Caceres Ana V. , Suran Jantra N. , Oura Trisha J. , Zwingenberger Allison L. , Mai Wilfried
Published: July 2013

Objective—To determine the sensitivity, positive predictive value, and interobserver variability of CT in the detection of bullae associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—19 dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax caused by rupture of bullae.

Procedures—Dogs that had CT for spontaneous pneumothorax caused by rupture of bullae confirmed at surgery (median sternotomy) or necropsy were included. Patient signalment, CT protocols, and bulla location, size, and number were obtained from the medical records. Computed tomographic images were reviewed by 3 board-certified radiologists who reported on the location, size, and number of bullae as well as the subjective severity of pneumothorax.

Results—Sensitivities of the 3 readers for bulla detection were 42.3%, 57.7%, and 57.7%, with positive predictive values of 52.4%, 14.2%, and 8.4%, respectively, with the latter 2 readers having a high rate of false-positive diagnoses. There was good interobserver agreement (κ = 0.640) for correct identification of bullae. Increasing size of the bulla was significantly associated with a correct CT diagnosis in 1 reader but not in the other 2 readers. Correct diagnosis was not associated with slice thickness, ventilation protocol, or degree of pneumothorax.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sensitivity and positive predictive value of CT for bulla detection were low. Results suggested that CT is potentially an ineffective preoperative diagnostic technique in dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax caused by bulla rupture because lesions can be missed or incorrectly diagnosed. Bulla size may affect visibility on CT.
Role of Microstructure Discontinuities in the Soft Magnetic Composites with Aluminium Alloy Addition
Authors: Bidulský R. , Bidulská J. , Actis Grande M.
Published: July 2013

The paper focuses on the effect of both the aluminium alloy addition and microstructural inhomogeneties on the magnetic behaviour of soft magnetic materials tested at low frequencies. The IIPC material (base on the commercial Somaloy 1P powder) has been blended with different amounts of commercially aluminium alloy Alumix 321 (0, 5 and 10 wt %). Specimens with a different green density were obtained by pressing at a pressure in the range from 400 to 800 MPa. Different thermal treatments (in air or nitrogen at the maximum temperature of 500ºC for 30 min) were carried out on the evaluated systems. The microstructure investigation revealed that for materials with high aluminium alloy contents, pores are located nearby or around the aluminium alloy particles. The heat treatment regime resulted in a coarse-grained structure with a small number of inclusions within the grains and at the grain boundaries. The comparison of the results indicated that the magnetic properties were considerably dependent on the microstructural inhomogeneities.
Identification of the Critical Pore Sizes in Sintered and Ecaped Aluminium 6XXX Alloy
Authors: Bidulská J. , Kvačkaj T. , Pokorný I. , Bidulský R. , Actis Grande M.
Published: July 2013

The main aim of this paper is to investigate, by means of comparison of experimental studies and mathematical models, the evolution of porosity as consequence of pressing, sintering and ECAPping an aluminium based powder (6xxx). After applying the compacting pressure, specimens were dewaxed in a ventilated furnace at 400º for 60 min. Sintering was carried out in a vacuum furnace at 610ºC for 30 min. The specimens were then ECAPed for 1 pass. The 2-dimensional quantitative image analysis was carried out by means of SEM and OM for the evaluation of the aforementioned characteristics. Results show the effect of processing parameters on the fracture/microstructure behaviour of the studied aluminium PM alloy. Quantitative image analysis, as well as fractographic interpretation and microstructure identification of weak sites in the studied aluminium PM alloy, provide a reliable and reproducible statistical procedure for the identification of the critical pore sizes.
Effect of Deformation Temperature on the Microstructure of Hard Magnetic Fecr22co15 Alloy Subjected to Tension Combined with Torsion Deformation Modes
Authors: Korneva A. , Korznikova G. , Korznikov A. , Sztwiertnia K.
Published: July 2013

The paper presents the results of microstructure evolution studies of hard magnetic FeCr22Co15 alloy deformed until destruction by tension and torsion in the temperature range 725-850ºC. The temperatures and deformation rates resulted from the condition of superplasticity occurrence in the Fe-Cr-Co alloys. Observations of the longitudinal sections of the deformed samples in the scanning electron microscope showed the formation of a weak gradient microstructure with the highest grain refinement in the surface layer of the material. Increasing the deformation temperature from 725 to 850_C increased the homogeneity of the deformation along the tensile axis of the sample. It also brought about the increase of grain size and slight increase of the thickness of fine grains in the surface layer. The precipitation of the intermetallic σ-phase was also observed with its maximum amount in the zones of the highest deformation.
Effect of Magnesium Addition and Rapid Solidification Procedure on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Co Alloy
Authors: Zygmunt-Kiper M. , Błaż L. , Sugamata M.
Published: July 2013

Tested Al-5Co and Al-5Mg-5Co materials were manufactured using a common ingot metallurgy (IM) and rapid solidification (RS) methods combined with mechanical consolidation of RS-powders and hot extrusion procedures. Mechanical properties of as-extruded IM and RS alloys were tested by compression at temperature range 293-773 K. Received true stress vs. true strain curves were typical for aluminum alloys that undergo dynamic recovery at high deformation temperature. It was found that the maximum flow stress value for Al-5Mg-5Co alloy was much higher than that for Al-5Co, both for IM and RS materials tested at low and intermediate deformation temperatures. The last effect results from the solid solution strengthening due to magnesium addition. However, the addition of 5% Mg results also in the reduction of melting temperature. Therefore, the flow stress for Al-5Mg-5Co alloy was relatively low at high deformation temperatures. Light microscopy observations revealed highly refined structure of RS materials. Analytical transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed Al9Co2 particles development for all tested samples. Fine acicular particles in RS materials, ∽1μm in size, were found to grow during annealing at 823K for 168h. As result, the hardness of RS materials was reduced. It was found that severe plastic deformation due to extrusion and additional compression did not result in the fracture of fine particles in RS materials. On the other hand, large particles observed in IM materials (∽20μm) were not practically coarsened during annealing and related hardness of annealed samples remained practically unchanged. However, processing of IM materials was found to promote the fracture of coarse particles that is not acceptable at industrial processing technologies.
Observation of Spheroidal Graphite in Ductile Cast Iron by Tem
Authors: Hara T. , Maekawa T. , Kawabata T. , Terayama K. , Ikeno S. , Matsuda K.
Published: July 2013

The microstructure of spheroidal graphites in ductile cast iron (FCD450) was investigated by TEM using cross sectional TEM samples prepared by FIB method. The spheroidal graphite consisted of many small areas, and all of these areas were indexed as the graphite structure and just carbon peak was detected from there.
Microstructure of the Nialv Alloys Subjected to the Hpt Deformation
Authors: Czeppe T. , Korznikova G.F. , Korznikov A.W. , Litynska-Dobrzynska L. , Swiatek Z.
Published: July 2013

Some attention in physical metallurgy is devoted to the mechanisms of decomposition of the disordered phases via eutectoid transformation accompanied by the atomic ordering. In case of the non-pearlitic modes of transformation this concerns intermetallic phases of the general description A3B-A3C. The application of intensive deformation like HPT may introduce opposite mechanisms introducing some degree of the metastable disordered phase structure at room temperature. The paper presents results of the phase composition and microstructure studies of the alloys of composition Ni75AlxVy (where x =15, 10, 5 and y =10, 15, 20), which undergo the solid-state eutectoid decomposition at temperature 1281 K, in the equilibrium conditions. The alloys achieved by the cold crucible levitation method were later intensively deformed with the method of high pressure torsion (HPT). The alloys after HPT revealed homogenous, metastable L12 (Ni3Al) structure in place of the eutectoid product L12-D022. The average size of the Sherrer’s coherent diffraction volumes did not exceed 9 nm, suggesting nano-structure of the material. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed that the micro- and nano- deformation twins were the main feature of the microstructure, dividing volume into cells of the sizes similar to the coherent volumes. The HPT deformation did not influence atomic order. The results are compared with those achieved for the injection cast samples.
Refining of Liquid Steel in a Tundish Using the Method of Filtration During its Casting in the CC Machine
Authors: Janiszewski K.
Published: July 2013

Hitherto existing investigations concerning the ceramic filter use in the steel making processes (both of laboratory and industrial scale) have given good results. The obtained results of filtration (in the industrial) have proved that this method may be used as an effective and cheap way of steel filtration from non-metallic inclusions. Placing filters in the tundish is the best location in consideration of limiting the possibility of secondary pollution of steel. Yet, the results presented in this paper, of an experiment prepared and carried out in the industrial environment, are the only positive results obtained, which are connected with so much quantities of liquid steel processed with use of the multi-hole ceramic filters.
Formation of Build Up Layers Microstructure by Arc Automatic Overlay Welding Using Secondary Raw Material Powders
Authors: Ambroza P. , Bockus S. , Kavaliauskiene L.
Published: July 2013

Microstructure and properties of structural steel subjected to overlay welding with secondary materials powder is investigated. Crushed glass, grinding wheels (SiC), hard metals plates, high speed steel and cast iron chips as well as marble powders were used in automatic overlay welding of steel by low carbon wire. Powder spread over the steel surface and melted by continuously supplied wire arc enabled to obtain layers with graphite and carbides inclusions in the matrix; hardness of the matrix depends on the phases contained in it: martensite, troostite and residual austenite as well as secondary carbides. Depending on materials used for overlay welding the layers were obtained which abrasive wear resistance became equal to that of high alloyed hardened tool steel. Wear of these layers is much more less in comparison with low alloyed hardened tool steel.
Preliminary Characteristic of Composite Coatings C/Hap Produced Respectively by Rf Pacvd and Sol–Gel Methods
Authors: Gawronski J. , Pietrzyk B.
Published: July 2013

The required high mechanical strength and the reliability of implants on one side and a lack of toxic elements in those materials, on the other side, causes restrictions in use of metal alloys for austenitic steel, alloys of cobalt matrix and even titanium alloys. However, elements harmful to human body structure such as chromium, nickel and vanadium could not have been eliminated so far. An attempt to reduce detrimental effects of above elements on the living organism are surface modifications of materials predicted for implants through the deposition of protective layers.

The C/HAp composite coating was prerared by deposition of carbon layer directly on surgical steel with RF PACVD method and manufacturing of hydroxyapatite layer by sol-gel method. It was proved that carbon film significantly increases adhesion of the composite C/HAp coating. It is due to the diffusive character of bonding between carbon layer and metallic substrate not only by adhesion as in the case with hydroxyapatite deposited directly on metal base. Adhesion of both synthesized coatings was determined using nanoindentation technique. X-Ray diffraction was used for phase composition evaluation. Atomic Force Microscope revealed topography of raw, carbon and C/HAp surfaces. Elemental composition of carbon and composite layers was investigated by scanning electron microscope equipped with x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy detector.
Utilisation of High-Energy Heat Sources in Magnesium Alloy Surface Layer Treatment
Authors: Szafarska M. , Iwaszko J. , Kudła K. , Łegowik I.
Published: July 2013

The main aim of the study was the evaluation of magnesium alloy surface treatment effectiveness using high-energy heat sources, i.e. a Yb-YAG Disk Laser and the GTAW method. The AZ91 and AM60 commercial magnesium alloys were subject to surface layer modification. Because of the physicochemical properties of the materials studied in case of the GTAW method, it was necessary to provide the welding stand with additional equipment. A novel two-torch set with torches operating in tandem was developed within the experiment. The effectiveness of specimen remelting using a laser and the GTAW method was verified based on macro- and microscopic examinations as well as in X-ray phase analysis and hardness measurements. In addition, the remelting parameters were optimised. The proposed treatment methodology enabled the achieving of the intended result and effective modification of a magnesium alloy surface layer.
Influence of Sand-Casting Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Kiełbus A. , Stopyra M. , Jarosz R.
Published: July 2013

The paper present the influence of modifying process on chemical composition, microstructure, and selected properties of Mg alloys. Two sand-casting creep-resistant alloys, Elektron 21 and WE43, were analyzed in various forms: without modifiers, with the amount of modifier suggested by the producer, and with this amount increased by 50% and 100%. The volume fraction of eutectic areas, tensile strength, and yield strength were measured and the fluidity and linear contraction were analyzed. The research shows that, in contrast to what is widely assumed to be a positive influence of rare-earth elements on Mg alloys properties, a large increase in the amount of modifiers does not always lead to an improvement in the alloy properties. However, the results are tentative because they may have been influenced by the melting technology used, which can be improved. Rare-earth elements tend to react with fluxes, which could lead to a decrease in mechanical properties and fluidity. More research is planned wherein the alloys are melted under a protective atmosphere.
Muscle Activation Profiles of Lower Extremities in Different Throwing Techniques and in Jumping Performance in Elite and Novice Greek Judo Athletes
Authors: Zaggelidis Georgios , Lazaridis Savvas
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the neuromuscular adaptations of knee muscles during hip throwing techniques and vertical jumps in elite and novice Greek judokas. Ten elite and ten novice judokas performed two hip throws and different vertical jumping tasks. Surface electromyograms were recorded from vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscles along with generated kinetics. Elite judokas revealed higher EMG activity of agonist muscles during throws and jumps but lower co-activation levels. Better jumping performance, better utilisation of the stretch-shortening cycle mechanism, higher and earlier generated pushoff forces and shorter contact time periods characterized elite judokas. Total neuromuscular activation that adopt elite judokas reveals a more mature and skill dependent strategy compared to novice ones.
The Effect of Upper Extremity Fatigue on Grip Strength and Passing Accuracy in Junior Basketball Players
Authors: Ahmed Taghread
Published: July 2013

Fatigue is an unavoidable part of a basketball game, which may affect an athlete’s performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of upper extremity fatigue on grip strength and passing accuracy in basketball, and ascertain if the effects of different fatigue protocols on grip strength and passing accuracy are the same. Twenty-four juniors under 18 years old (age: 16.75 ± 0.62 years; body height: 184.5 ± 3.31 cm; body mass: 77.25 ± 3.22 kg) volunteered to participate in the study, and were divided into two groups. After a warm-up, both groups performed the basketball passing test and grip strength was recorded for each group under three different testing conditions: rest, 70% and 90% exercise intensity. The protocol used for the first group was the chest press, and for the second group the wrist curls. Results show that after the upper extremity fatigue protocol all parameters of the study (grip strength and passing accuracy) showed a significant decrease, and there was no significant difference between both groups regarding grip strength and passing accuracy. The study suggested that in order to avoid upper extremity fatigue, basketball trainers and coaches need to include upper extremity conditioning exercises into their training sessions.
Is the Quality of Judging in Women Artistic Gymnastics Equivalent at Major Competitions of Different Levels?
Authors: Bučar Pajek Maja , Čuk Ivan , Pajek Jernej , Kovač Marjeta , Leskošek Bojan
Published: July 2013

In the present study, the reliability and validity of judging at the European championship in Berlin 2011 were analysed and the results were compared to a different level gymnastic competition - Universiade 2009 in Belgrade. For reliability and consistency assessment, mean absolute judge deviation from final execution score, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, intra-class correlations (ICC) and Armor’s theta coefficient were calculated. For validity assessment mean deviations of judges’ scores, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance W and ANOVA eta-squared values were used. For Berlin 2011 in general Cronbach’s alpha was above 0.95, minima of item-total correlations were above 0.8, and the ICC of average scores and Armor’s theta were above 0.94. Comparison with Universiade 2009 identified vault and floor scores at both competitions to have inferior reliability indices. At both competitions average deviations of judges from the final E score were close to zero (p=0.84) but Berlin 2011 competition showed a higher number of apparatuses with significant Kendall’s W (5 vs. 2 for Universiade 2009) and higher eta-squared values indicating higher judge panel bias in all-round and apparatus finals. In conclusion, the quality of judging was comparable at examined gymnastics competitions of different levels. Further work must be done to analyse the inferior results at vault and floor apparatuses.
Integrability of Differential Equations with Fluid Mechanics Application: from Painleve Property to the Method of Simplest Equation
Authors: Dimitrova Zlatinka I. , Vitanov Kaloyan N.
Published: July 2013

We present a brief overview of integrability of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations with a focus on the Painleve property: an ODE of second order possesses the Painleve property if the only movable singularities connected to this equation are single poles. The importance of this property can be seen from the Ablowitz-Ramani- Segur conhecture that states that a nonlinear PDE is solvable by inverse scattering transformation only if each nonlinear ODE obtained by ex- act reduction of this PDE possesses the Painleve property. The Painleve property motivated much research on obtaining exact solutions on non- linear PDEs and leaded in particular to the method of simplest equation. A version of this method called modified method of simplest equation is discussed below.
Quasi-Periodic Control Technique for Minimizing Fuel Consumption During Record Vehicle Competition
Authors: Sulikowski Paweł , Maronski Ryszard
Published: July 2013

The problem of the optimal driving technique during the fuel economy competition is reconsidered. The vehicle is regarded as a particle moving on a trace with a variable slope angle. The fuel consumption is minimized as the vehicle covers the given distance in a given time. It is assumed that the run consists of two recurrent phases: acceleration with a full available engine power and coasting down with the engine turned off. The most fuel-efficient technique for shifting gears during acceleration is found. The decision variables are: the vehicle velocities at which the gears should be shifted, on the one hand, and the vehicle velocities when the engine should be turned on and off, on the other hand. For the data of students’ vehicle representing the Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering it has been found that such driving strategy is more effective in comparison with a constant speed strategy with the engine partly throttled, as well as a strategy resulting from optimal control theory when the engine is still active.
Application of Rabinowitsch Fluid Model to Pivoted Curved Slider Bearings
Authors: Pratap Singh Udaya
Published: July 2013

In the present theoretical analysis, the combined effects of slider curvature and non-Newtonian pseudoplastic and dilatant lubricants (lubricant blended with viscosity index improver) on the steady and dynamic characteristics of pivoted curved slider bearings have been investigated for Rabinowitsch fluid model. The modified Reynolds equations have been obtained for steady and damping states of bearing. To solve the modified Reynolds equations, perturbation theory has been adopted. The results for the steady state characteristics (steady state film pressure, load carrying capacity and centre of pressure) and dynamic characteristics (dynamic damping and dynamic stiffness) have been calculated numerically for various values of viscosity index improver using Mathematica. In comparison with the Newtonian lubricants, higher values of film pressure, load carrying capacity, dynamic damping and dynamic stiffness have been obtained for dilatant lubricants, while the case was reversed for pseudoplastic lubricants. Significant variations in the bearing characteristics have been observed for even small values of pseudoplastic parameter, that is, with the non-Newtonian dilatant and pseudoplastic behaviour of the fluid.
Completely normal elements in some finite abelian extensions
Authors: Koo Ja , Shin Dong
Published: July 2013

We present some completely normal elements in the maximal real subfields of cyclotomic fields over the field of rational numbers, relying on the criterion for normal element developed in [Jung H.Y., Koo J.K., Shin D.H., Normal bases of ray class fields over imaginary quadratic fields, Math. Z., 2012, 271(1–2), 109–116]. And, we further find completely normal elements in certain abelian extensions of modular function fields in terms of Siegel functions.
Thermodynamic Pattern Selection in the Stripes Generated Periodically During the (Zn) – Single Crystal Growth
Authors: Wołczynski W.
Published: July 2013

The (Zn) - hexagonal single crystal growth was performed by the Bridgman system. Some eutectic stripes were generated periodically in the single crystal. The stripes consisted of the strengthening inter-metallic compound, Zn16Ti and (Zn) - solid solution. Two morphology transitions were recorded. At the first threshold growth rate, L-shape irregular rods transformed into regular lamellar structure. The transition was accompanied by the irregular into regular morphology alteration. The regular lamella into regular rods transition occurred at the second threshold growth rate. The new, proposed thermodynamic pattern selection criterion (PSC) of the lower minimum entropy production was applied to describe the structural transitions. The solid/liquid interface perturbation of the (Zn) - phase was referred to the marginal stability.
Microstructure of V3Ga Superconducting Wire Using High Ga Content Ti-Ga/V Precursor Composite Material
Authors: Murakami S. , Matsuda K. , Kawabata T. , Hishinuma Y. , Ikeno S.
Published: July 2013

Our co-workers, Hishinuma et. al. have fabricated the V3Ga compound wire by a new process using a high Ga content Ti-Ga compound in order to improve the superconducting property of the wire. In this study, we investigated microstructures of this wire to clarify the existence of V3Ga phase. The different contrasts of the matrix, two V-Ga phases and Ti-Ga core were observed by SEM observation. Two V-Ga phases were also confirmed. The ratio of V to Ga for two V-Ga phases was respectively 3:1 and 6:5 according to the EDS result. And these two phases were confirmed as V3Ga and V6Ga5.
Effect of Mn Contents on Age-Hardening and Microstructure in AM60 Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Tsuchiya T. , Kawabata T. , Saikawa S. , Isizuki H. , Takeda S. , Ikeno S. , Matsuda K.
Published: July 2013

The thixotropy phenomenon is strongly connected with the change of viscosity in time, while the of Navier-Stockes equation. The micro- and macroscale models are coupled using CAFE approach.
Microstructural Characterization of the Reaction Product Region Formed Due to the High Temperature Interaction of ZnO[0001] Single Crystal with Liquid Aluminum
Authors: Wojewoda-Budka J. , Sobczak N. , Stan K. , Nowak R.
Published: July 2013

The study was focused on the microstructure characterization at the micro- and nano scale of the reaction product region (RPR) formed due to the interaction between the liquid aluminum and ZnOSC[0001] single crystalline substrate at 1000ºC. The research was carried out on the Al/ZnO couple produced by the sessile drop method under vacuum within two different procedures: 1) classical contact heating and cooling; 2) pushing drop procedure allowing opening the Al/ZnO interface at the test temperature and, therefore, prevent influence of cooling with Al drop on interface structure. The microstructure observations of the sample after using classical contact heating procedure revealed the formation of the RPR of ∽50 μm in thickness extending into the ZnOSC single crystal substrate. It was composed of the ceramic α-Al2O3 and metallic Al(Zn) mutually interpenetrating lattices, typical for the C4 type structure. Additionally, at the ZnO/RPR interface, the presence of a thin (∽250 nm) layer of the metastable δ-Al2O3was detected. The obtained results were compared with experimental data found for the sample after pushing drop procedure resulting in the formation of two layers of ZnAl2O4 spinel and alumina, exhibiting strong epitaxial growth. The selected area diffraction patterns clearly evidenced that the crystal structure of formed Al2O3 corresponds to the tetragonal δ-phase.
FDS2FEM – A Tool for Coupling Fire and Structural Analyses
Authors: Paajanen Antti , Korhonen Timo , Merja Sippola , Hostikka Simo , Malendowski Michal , Gutkin Renaud
Published: July 2013

Computational modelling of fire-structural response requires interoperability of various models describing different physical phenomena. Typically, the most advanced sub-models are found within independent simulation software incapable of interoperability. To address this issue, we have developed a tool for coupling two of such programs: Fire Dynamics Simulator and ABAQUS. We present the main features and theory behind the coupling approach and use an example case to demonstrate how a coupled fire-structural analysis is set up. We also discuss potential applications and present limitations of our approach.
Knowledge of Health Personnel on Different Categories of Medical Wastes in 7 Upazilla Health Complexes under Dhaka division in Bangladesh
Authors: Polan MAA , Nomann NA , Jan CM , Zaki MM , Taleb A , Saito T
Published: July 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i1.15572 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(1) 2012: 12-16
Pattern and Distribution of Jaw Fracture: A study conducted on 422 patients of jaw fracture
Authors: Rahman AFMS , Begum T , Hasan MM , Ahmed M
Published: July 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i1.15577 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(1) 2012: 31-34
Aristote, De coelo I, 10, Empédocle, l'alternance et le mythe du Politique
Authors: Viano Cristina
Published: July 2013

L'analyse de la doxographie du De coelo I, 10 montre les enjeux de la constitution de l'une des traditions interprétatives les plus problématiques de la doctrine d'Empédocle et, en même temps, révèle le lien originaire de cette tradition avec les interprétations du mythe du Politique.
Les morts de Philoctète
Authors: Mauduit Christine
Published: July 2013

This essay intends to analyse the relationship existing between Philoctetes and death in Sophocles' tragedy. It first considers the different kinds of death surrounding the hero during his exile in Lemnos : social death, caused by his exclusion from the community of Greek warriors ; physical death, as a result of both hunger and disease, and the connected opposition between a long and daily death, and an impending one in paroxystic crises. This death, being always present but always delayed, sometimes hoped and sometimes feared, leads us to think about the means of survival in Lemnos, and to exhibit Herakles' bow as the focus of this death/life, disease/cure polarity. We finally examine the possibilities of salvation offered to Philoctetes out of the island, from the hoped coming back home to the necessary going to Troy, as well as the different stages of the hero's revival, as mentionned by Herakles at the end of the tragedy.
Increased Use Levels, Effort, and Spatial Distribution of Tourists Swimming with Dwarf Minke Whales at the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Curnock Matthew I. , Birtles R. Alastair , Valentine Peter S.
Published: July 2013

A permitted tourism industry has developed at the Great Barrier Reef based on swimming with dwarf minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostratasubsp.). Using sightings reported by tourism operators and vessel effort data, this study found a 91% increase in the number of whale encounters over six seasons (2003–2008) and a small number of encounter “hotspots” accounted for a substantial proportion of these encounters. Analysis of industry effort data revealed that a shift in effort among existing permitted operators was the most likely cause of the increase in whale encounters. Although the number of permitted operators has remained capped since permits were introduced in 2003, this study found substantial latent capacity in these permits. Further research is needed to identify social carrying capacity-related issues for high use areas targeted for minke whale encounters, and it is recommended that the number of permits not be increased while the potential for cumulative impacts of tourist interactions on whales remains unknown.
Normative Evaluations Among Paddlers: A Comparison of Two Dimensions of Experience
Authors: Anderson Laura E. , Manning Robert E.
Published: July 2013

A mail survey (n = 298) was conducted to examine potential relationships between level of experience and normative evaluations of encounter levels, shoreline development, and campsite impacts among paddlers (kayakers, canoeists) along a water trail on Lake Champlain in northeastern
USA. Paddler perceptions of use-related issues and normative evaluations of a range of motorboat and sailboat use, shoreline development, and impacts at campsites were determined and compared among groups with different levels of experiences (trip frequency, duration). In most cases, perceptions
and normative evaluations did not differ according to either measure of experience. However, respondents differed in their perception of problems related to access and development and in their normative evaluations of shoreline development and campsite impacts based on the length of their
longest paddling trip. Findings suggest that trip duration may be a somewhat more useful measure of experience than trip frequency for understanding differences in paddler perceptions of social and resource conditions.
Molecular dynamics simulations of mechanical failure in polymorphic arrangements of amyloid fibrils containing structural defects
Authors: Ndlovu Hlengisizwe , Ashcroft Alison E , Radford Sheena E , Harris Sarah A
Published: July 2013

We examine how the different steric packing arrangements found in amyloid fibril polymorphs can modulate their mechanical properties using steered molecular dynamics simulations. Our calculations demonstrate that for fibrils containing structural defects, their ability to resist force in a particular direction can be dominated by both the number and molecular details of the defects that are present. The simulations thereby suggest a hierarchy of factors that govern the mechanical resilience of fibrils, and illustrate the general principles that must be considered when quantifying the mechanical properties of amyloid fibres containing defects.
Du conjoint à l'aidant : l'accompagnement dans la maladie d'Alzheimer
Authors: Ostrowski Madeleine , Mietkiewicz Marie-Claude
Published: July 2013

La maladie d’Alzheimer est insidieuse, les troubles font leur apparition lentement : les conjoints aidants sont les plus exposés aux difficultés qui rythment la vie quotidienne avec une personne atteinte de cette démence. À travers neuf récits (parus entre 1993 et 2012) de conjoints de malades d’Alzheimer, nous avons tenté de comprendre le cheminement du conjoint. Comment ce dernier glisse-t-il vers une aide absolue et totale ? Trois phases de l’accompagnement sont ici développées : les premières inquiétudes et le glissement vers le rôle d’aidant qui s’opère, l’accompagnement à domicile, où le conjoint est bien installé dans son rôle d’accompagnant principal, puis le moment, tant redouté, de l’entrée en établissement d’hébergement pour personnes agées dépendantes. Enfin, nous nous attarderons sur la manière dont ce cheminement s’articule à la problématique de la mort, selon des modalités propres à chaque étape.
Effets différentiels des types de soutien social sur l'anxiété maternelle périnatale
Authors: Capponi Irène , Bacro Fabien , Boudoukha Abdel Halim
Published: July 2013

Cette étude longitudinale examine les liens entre l’anxiété maternelle transitoire et la satisfaction relative aux différents types de soutien social perçus. Elle porte sur un échantillon de 71 femmes primipares, du 8 e mois de grossesse au 3 e mois postnatal. Le trait et l’état anxieux ont été évalués à l’aide de la STAI-Y, et la satisfaction, à l’égard des différents types de soutien social, avec une version modifiée du SSQ6 ( Social support questionnaire ). Les analyses de régression révèlent que le trait anxieux, ainsi que les manques de soutiens affectif et pratique, participent à l’augmentation de l’état anxieux postnatal. En outre, ces résultats indiquent que, seuls, les soutiens concomitants à la mesure de l’état anxieux sont déterminants et indépendants du trait anxieux. La discussion porte sur l’importance du soutien en temps réel, pour s’adapter aux caractéristiques de la période postnatale, pour la régulation émotionnelle.
Le cadre institutionnel de passation des épreuves projectives : enjeux cliniques et psychopathologiques
Authors: Ravit Magali , Dublineau Mathilde , Brolles Lisbeth , Roman Pascal
Published: July 2013

Un élément central de la pratique des méthodes projectives, tant dans la clinique que dans la recherche, est examiné ici : celui de l’incidence du cadre institutionnel de la passation sur les productions projectives. L’évaluation de cette incidence vise à affiner les conditions méthodologiques du traitement des données recueillies, dans un souci de rigueur dans l’abord clinique du matériel. Après une brève introduction appuyée sur les travaux de J. Bleger et de R. Kaës, sur la question du cadre et de l’institution, trois cadres institutionnels de pratiques, qui renvoient, chacun, à l’investissement de positions cliniques singulières, sont successivement envisagés : celui de l’école, celui du domicile et, enfin, celui de l’institution carcérale. Des illustrations cliniques soutiennent l’hypothèse de ces « effets de résonnance intime » sur la production projective.
Révolutions arabes : pas de démocratisation sans décentralisation
Authors: Lavergne Marc
Published: July 2013

Les soulèvements du monde arabe ont provoqué un affaiblissement durable de la perception de l’Etat par la population, et de sa capacité à gérer les affaires publiques depuis le centre. Devant la difficulté des nouveaux pouvoirs à s’imposer ou à répondre aux aspirations exprimées aux échelles régionales ou locales, des revendications décentralisatrices s’expriment par des attitudes de défi. Dans un contexte de crise économique et d’une mondialisation qui impose ses contraintes de rentabilité, les Etats sont incapables dans la plupart des cas de répondre à ces aspirations nouvelles par la redistribution de rentes. Comme le montre l’exemple de Damiette en Egypte, c’est donc peut-être dans la libération du dynamisme des villes et des régions négligées par les capitales, grâce à l’affirmation d’élites locales légitimées par la population, que se trouve la clé du rétablissement politique et social du monde arabe.
La « guerre des pauvres » à Tripoli (Liban)
Authors: Chabrier Pierre-André
Published: July 2013

Dans une articulation du temps local libanais au temps régional proche-oriental, il s’agit d’interroger la ville libanaise à l’épreuve de la crise syrienne. À travers une mise en lumière de sa trajectoire urbaine, il est question de décrypter le fort activisme et le rôle d’une ville intermédiaire comme Tripoli. Le conflit urbain opposant les quartiers populaires de Bab al-Tebbaneh et de Jabal Mohsen – respectivement sunnite et alaouite – doit se lire au regard des ‘asabiyyat urbaines qui les composent. Mettant en équation les recompositions politiques et urbaines qu’a connues la capitale du Nord-Liban depuis la guerre civile (1975-1990), l’analyse rend compte des « structures d’opportunité politique » autorisant l’affirmation de souverainetés concurrentes à l’échelle intra-urbaine. La conflictualité qu’elles font naître peut être qualifiée de « guerre des pauvres » tant elle prend racine dans des réalités socio-économiques défavorables. Mais, nourrie des deux côtés par des rivalités communautaires et des appartenances extra-territoriales, cette « guerre des pauvres » devient en réalité le vecteur d’expression de mobilisations socio-politiques. Ces dernières sont cristallisées par les ‘asabiyyat urbaines dont la ressource principale tient justement à la pauvreté des habitants.