bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergetic Dual‐Additive Electrolyte Enables Highly Stable Performance in Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Le Phung M. L. , Vo Thanh D. , Le Kha M. , Tran Thanh‐Nhan , Xu Yaobin , Phan An L. , Le Linh T. M. , Nguyen Hoang V. , Xiao Biwei , Li Xiaolin , Jin Yan , Engelhard Mark H. , Gao Peiyuan , Wang Chongmin , Zhang Ji‐Guang
Published: May 2024

Sodium (Na)‐metal batteries (SMBs) are considered one of the most promising candidates for the large‐scale energy storage market owing to their high theoretical capacity (1,166 mAh g−1) and the abundance of Na raw material. However, the limited stability of electrolytes still hindered the application of SMBs. Herein, sulfolane (Sul) and vinylene carbonate (VC) are identified as effective dual additives that can largely stabilize propylene carbonate (PC)‐based electrolytes, prevent dendrite growth, and extend the cycle life of SMBs. The cycling stability of the Na/NaNi0.68Mn0.22Co0.1O2 (NaNMC) cell with this dual‐additive electrolyte is remarkably enhanced, with a capacity retention of 94% and a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.9% over 600 cycles at a 5 C (750 mA g−1) rate. The superior cycling performance of the cells can be attributed to the homogenous, dense, and thin hybrid solid electrolyte interphase consisting of F‐ and S‐containing species on the surface of both the Na metal anode and the NaNMC cathode by adding dual additives. Such unique interphases can effectively facilitate Na‐ion transport kinetics and avoid electrolyte depletion during repeated cycling at a very high rate of 5 C. This electrolyte design is believed to result in further improvements in the performance of SMBs.
Multi‐Functional PEDOT:PSS as the Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Kyoungtae , Kim Minhee , Lee Hyeonseok , Chung Dae‐won , Kim Jinhyun
Published: May 2024

Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), particularly in its complex form with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), stands out as a prominent example of an organic conductor. Renowned for its exceptional conductivity, substantial light transmissibility, water processability, and remarkable flexibility, PEDOT:PSS has earned its reputation as a leading conductive polymer. This study explores the unique effects of two additives, Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), on the PSS component of PEDOT:PSS films are shown. Both additives induce grain size growth, while DGEBA makes the PEDOT:PSS layer hydrophobic, which acts as a passivation to protect the perovskite layer, which is vulnerable to moisture. The other additive, DMSO, separates the PSS groups, resulting in increased conductivity through the free movement of holes. With these multi‐modified p‐type PEDOT:PSS, the ITO/M‐PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite/PCBM/Ag structured reverse structure solar cell has improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 15.28% to 17.80% compared to the control cell with conventional PEDOT:PSS. It also maintains 90% for 500 h at 60 °C and 300 h at 1 sun illuminating conditions.
In‐Situ Self‐Assembly Dipole Shielding Layer Toward Efficient and Stable Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhan Mengdi , Yuan Songyang , Wu Wenwen , Wang Mengqi , Yang Wenjian , Xiong Hui , Tan Ziyu , Li Wenzhe , Fan Jiandong
Published: May 2024

Despite CsPbI2.75Br0.25 inorganic perovskites exhibit high potential for single‐junction and/or tandem solar cells, unexpected non‐radiative recombination, and mismatched interfacial band alignment within the inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) disadvantageously affect their photovoltaic performance. Rational design of the dipole shielding layer (DSL) is vital to realize a win–win situation for the defect passivation and band alignment. Herein, A‐site dipole molecules, that is, neopentylamine and 2‐methylbutylamine, are employed for in‐situ self‐assembly of a thus‐far unreported DSL at the interface between 3D perovskite and hole transport layer. The as‐prepared DSL demonstrates a 2D RP phase perovskite and the lattice‐matching structurally‐stable DSL@3D perovskite enables to alleviate the unexpected surface defects and suppress the spontaneous non‐radiative recombination by means of effectively tuning the surface work function via regulating the dipole moment length and Van der Waals gap. Accordingly, the top dipole‐modified inorganic PSCs exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency (PSC) as high as 19.77% and a fill factor over 83%. Equally importantly, the corresponding solar cells demonstrate a remarkable enhanced stability, maintaining 90% of its initial efficiency for more than 1200 h without encapsulation under a 20% ± 5% relative humidity.
Aptamer‐RIBOTAC Strategy Enabling Tumor‐Specific Targeted Degradation of MicroRNA for Precise Cancer Therapy
Authors: Fang Yuan , Wu Qiuyue , Wang Feiyu , Liu Ye , Zhang Huimin , Yang Chaoyong , Zhu Zhi
Published: May 2024

MicroRNA (miRNA) molecules play crucial roles in a variety of diseases, making miRNA targeting a burgeoning field in medicinal chemistry. Ribonuclease targeting chimeras (RIBOTACs) present a compelling approach for RNA degradation. However, small molecule‐based RIBOTAC requires an expensive and time‐consuming screening process, and is difficult to directly target miRNA due to its short length lacking secondary structure. Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)‐based RIBOTAC is easy to design but with poor cell permeability. While both of them lack the specificity for tumor targeting. In this study, the first Aptamer‐RIBOTAC (ARIBOTAC) chimera is designed based on ASO to achieve precise degradation of miRNA in a tumor cell‐specific manner for precise cancer therapy. This chimera exhibits a remarkable ability to specifically identify and enter cancer cells, trigger localized activation of endogenous RNase L, and selectively cleave miRNAs that are complementary to ASO. The efficacy and universality of the ARIBOTAC strategy both in vitro and in vivo by degrading oncogenic miR‐210‐3p and miR‐155‐5p are validated. These findings underscore the potential of the ARIBOTAC strategy as a promising avenue for cancer therapy by precisely targeting cancer‐associated miRNAs.
Deep learning: Integrating artificial intelligence into the sonography curriculum
Authors: Stoodley Paul , Oomens Donna , Robinson Catherine
Published: May 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools that enhance image acquisition, measurement, and interpretation are a valuable part of contemporary sonographic imaging systems, and emerging AI technology is forecast to feature more extensively in future systems. In this commentary, we draw upon contemporary literature and our experience in curriculum design to indicate how educators should approach integrating AI into the pre‐qualification sonography curriculum. This integration will promote understanding of and engagement with the technology to ensure that graduates are prepared for work with AI‐assisted systems. Knowledge of the technical and interpretive applications, the legal and ethical concerns, plus industry and accreditation body collaboration are proffered as important parts of an AI‐integrated training program.
Relations Between Amylose Content and Physicochemical Properties of Starches from White and Red Sorghum Varieties
Authors: Flores‐Garcia Francisco Martín , Gaytán‐Martínez Marcela , Calvo‐Lopez Amira Daniela , González‐Jasso Eva , Morales‐Sanchez Eduardo
Published: May 2024

This research aims to determine the relationship between amylose content and physicochemical properties in white and red sorghum starches. Five varieties of red sorghum and four varieties of white sorghum were evaluated. The chemical properties, the amylose content, the resistant starch content, scanning electron microscopy, the absorption and solubility index in water, the viscosity profile, the thermal properties, and the correlation between the amylose content were determined. Sorghum starches had an amylose content between 24.51% and 34.34%, but did not show any relationship with color. Regarding the microstructure, the starches that appear larger granules (20–30 µm) have lower amylose content. Sorghum red varieties shown higher values in gelatinization enthalpy, pasting temperature and water absortion index, this effect was attributed to the formation of complexes with phenolic compounds. Starches with a higher proportion of amylose shown lower viscosity profiles and a high thermal stability. Correlation matrix analysis reveals that amylose content had a negative correlation with water absorption index, water solubility index, maximum viscosity, minimum viscosity, and positive correlation with the resistant starch content. The amylose content can define the potential application of the sorghum starches.
Axial and bending behavior of GFRP bar‐reinforced hollow‐core polypropylene fiber concrete columns
Authors: Ahmad Habil , Sheikh M. Neaz , Hadi Muhammad N. S.
Published: May 2024

This study reported the axial (concentric and eccentric) and bending (four‐point bending) loadings behavior of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) bar‐reinforced hollow‐core polypropylene fiber concrete (HC‐GFRP‐PFC) columns. The confinement effect of HC‐GFRP‐PFC columns with different center‐to‐center (c/c) spacing of GFRP spirals was also investigated. Twelve hollow‐core circular specimens with an outer diameter of 214 mm and an inner (circular hole) diameter of 56 mm were experimentally investigated. Four reference specimens were cast with nonfibrous (normal) concrete, whereas the remaining eight specimens were cast with polypropylene fiber (0.15% by volume of concrete) concrete. It was found that, with a similar ratio of reinforcement, the HC‐GFRP‐PFC specimens gained 2%–4% higher maximum load (PMaximum) and 9%–19% higher ductility (μ) than the GFRP bar‐reinforced hollow‐core nonfibrous concrete (HC‐GFRP‐NFC) specimens under concentric axial loading and four‐point bending. The HC‐GFRP‐PFC specimens with a 30 mm c/c spacing of the GFRP spiral gained 6%–36% higher PMaximum and 4%–59% higher μ than the HC‐GFRP‐PFC specimens with a 60 mm c/c spacing of the GFRP spirals under different loading conditions.
Effect of design and operation parameters on solar‐driven membrane‐based desalination systems: An overview
Authors: Abdelrazik A. S. , Sharafeldin M. A. , Elwardany Mohamed , Abdulkawy N. , Shboul Bashar , Ezzat Sh M , AlGalad A. R. , Allam Abdelwahab N. , Abdulnasser R. , Abdalbadea N. , Antar Mohamed A.
Published: May 2024

Due to the scarcity of freshwater resources in many arid regions of the world, as well as rapidly growing populations and industrialization, various desalination technologies have been developed and enhanced to improve the performance of saline water purification with high quality. Integrating solar energy technologies with desalination systems would alleviate the running out of fossil fuel sources, reduce costs, and improve energy efficiency. Solar‐powered desalination systems could be a viable and efficient method for treating highly saline water for human consumption. Obtaining reliable and accurate design parameters for such hybrid systems plays a significant role in determining the system performance of solar‐driven desalination systems. The present review provides a comprehensive review of various solar‐driven membrane‐based desalination systems to investigate the impact of design and operation parameters for solar and desalination units on the effectiveness of the hybrid solar/desalination system. Recent advancements in utilizing numerous solar energy sources for desalination are analyzed herein. The economic implications of various membrane desalination operations for different solar energy sources are also discussed. It was revealed that the solar system design parameters, desalination unit characteristics, feed water properties, and climate conditions all affect the functionality and productivity of the membrane‐based solar‐powered desalination system. The feed pressure, number and shape of membranes, and the integrated solar system, all have significant impacts on the performance of the hybrid system. This article provides a pathway for desalination researchers to select the optimal design and operation parameters for hybrid solar‐powered membrane‐based desalination systems. Notably, they are found more feasible and sustainable than traditional desalination processes. Several related conclusions and future perspectives are reported herein.

This article is categorized under:

Sustainable Energy > Solar Energy
MHD Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through a vertical porous plate with thermal radiation: A finite difference approach
Authors: Sakkaravarthi K. , Sakthi I. , Reddy P. Bala Anki
Published: May 2024

This entire study aims to investigate the impacts of linear thermal radiation and MHD Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid flows over a vertical porous plate for comparison of nanofluid, hybrid, and tri‐hybrid nanofluids with Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids. We used a ternary hybrid nanofluid, Blood contains three types of oxides and metals: spherical ferric oxide (Fe3O4), platelet‐shaped zinc (Zn), and cylindrically‐shaped gold (Au) nanoparticles. The coupled nonlinear dual partial differential equations (PDEs) are turned into PDEs using nondimensional quantities. The Finite Difference Method (FDM) and the Perturbation Method are then used to solve the PDEs. The impacts of different parameters on temperature, velocity, Nusselt number, and Skin friction profiles have been discussed. The increase in viscosity occurs because an increase in Gr also causes an increase in the velocity field for nanofluid, hybrid, and tri‐hybrid nanofluids. A tri‐hybrid nanofluids performs better among the three, such as nanofluid, hybrids and tri‐hybrid nanofluids. As the volume fractions (Fe3O4) increase, the temperature increase for both Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids. The increase in temperature is due to the thermal conductivity of nanoparticles, which is enhanced by growth estimates of the nanoparticle volume fraction. The high temperature of the fluid is observed for large estimates of nanoparticle volume fraction. An increase gold (Au) also increases the temperature for shapes (cylinder, platelet, and spherical). A spherical shape performs better among the three, such as cylinder, platelet, and spherical. In this model, biomedical applications such as antiviral and therapeutic, treatment of the COVID‐19 virus, cancer treatment, and anticancer medication delivery systems.
Holography and localization of information in quantum gravity
Authors: Bahiru Eyoab , Belin Alexandre , Papadodimas Kyriakos , Sarosi Gabor , Vardian Niloofar
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Within the AdS/CFT correspondence, we identify a class of CFT operators which represent diff-invariant and approximately local observables in the gravitational dual. Provided that the bulk state breaks all asymptotic symmetries, we show that these operators commute to all orders in 1/N with asymptotic charges, thus resolving an apparent tension between locality in perturbative quantum gravity and the gravitational Gauss law. The interpretation of these observables is that they are not gravitationally dressed with respect to the boundary, but instead to features of the state. We also provide evidence that there are bulk observables whose commutator vanishes to all orders in 1/N with the entire algebra of single-trace operators defined in a space-like separated time-band. This implies that in a large N holographic CFT, the algebra generated by single-trace operators in a short-enough time-band has a non-trivial commutant when acting on states which break the symmetries. It also implies that information deep in the interior of the bulk is invisible to single-trace correlators in the time-band and hence that it is possible to localize information in perturbative quantum gravity.
Baryons as vortexes on the η′ domain wall
Authors: Lin Fan , Ma Yong-Liang
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We show that the recent construction of Nf = 1 baryons on the η′ domain wall can be understood as vortexes of the principal effective theory — the Chern-Simons-Higgs theory — on a 2+1-dimensional sheet. This theory has a series of vortex solutions, and the vortex with unit topological charge naturally spins Nc/2, which coincides with the spin of the one-flavor baryon in QCD. Since the Nc scaling of the vortexes is the same as that of baryons, the latter can be regarded as the former. By virtue of the particle-vortex symmetry, the dual Zhang-Hansson-Kivelson theory indicates that the quark carries topological charge 1/Nc and obeys fractional statistics. The generalization to arbitrary Nf is also discussed.
From optimal observables to machine learning: an effective-field-theory analysis of e+e− → W+W− at future lepton colliders
Authors: Chai Shengdu , Gu Jiayin , Li Lingfeng
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We apply machine-learning techniques to the effective-field-theory analysis of the e+e− → W+W− processes at future lepton colliders, and demonstrate their advantages in comparison with conventional methods, such as optimal observables. In particular, we show that machine-learning methods are more robust to detector effects and backgrounds, and could in principle produce unbiased results with sufficient Monte Carlo simulation samples that accurately describe experiments. This is crucial for the analyses at future lepton colliders given the outstanding precision of the e+e− → W+W− measurement (~ 10−4 in terms of anomalous triple gauge couplings or even better) that can be reached. Our framework can be generalized to other effective-field-theory analyses, such as the one of e+e− → $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

or similar processes at muon colliders.
Rescuing tri-heteromeric NMDA receptor function: the potential of pregnenolone-sulfate in loss-of-function GRIN2B variants
Authors: Kellner Shai , Berlin Shai
Published: May 2024

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs emerging from GRIN genes) are tetrameric receptors that form diverse channel compositions in neurons, typically consisting of two GluN1 subunits combined with two GluN2(A-D) subunits. During prenatal stages, the predominant channels are di-heteromers with two GluN1 and two GluN2B subunits due to the high abundance of GluN2B subunits. Postnatally, the expression of GluN2A subunits increases, giving rise to additional subtypes, including GluN2A-containing di-heteromers and tri-heteromers with GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits. The latter  emerge as the major receptor subtype at mature synapses in the hippocampus. Despite extensive research on purely di-heteromeric receptors containing two identical GRIN variants, the impact of a single variant on the function of other channel forms, notably tri-heteromers, is lagging. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of two de novo GRIN2B variants (G689C and G689S) in pure, mixed di- and tri-heteromers. Our findings reveal that incorporating a single variant in mixed di-heteromers or tri-heteromers exerts a dominant negative effect on glutamate potency, although ‘mixed’ channels show improved potency compared to pure variant-containing di-heteromers. We show that a single variant within a receptor complex does not impair the response of all receptor subtypes to the positive allosteric modulator pregnenolone-sulfate (PS), whereas spermine completely fails to potentiate tri-heteromers containing GluN2A and -2B-subunits. We examined PS on primary cultured hippocampal neurons transfected with the variants, and observed a positive impact over current amplitudes and synaptic activity. Together, our study supports previous observations showing that mixed di-heteromers exhibit improved glutamate potency and extend these findings towards the exploration of the effect of Loss-of-Function variants over tri-heteromers. Notably, we provide an initial and crucial demonstration of the beneficial effects of GRIN2B-relevant potentiators on tri-heteromers. Our results underscore the significance of studying how different variants affect distinct receptor subtypes, as these effects cannot be inferred solely from observations made on pure di-heteromers. Overall, this study contributes to ongoing efforts to understand the pathophysiology of GRINopathies and provides insights into potential treatment strategies.
Higher Hölder regularity for the fractional p-Laplace equation in the subquadratic case
Authors: Garain Prashanta , Lindgren Erik
Published: May 2024

We study the fractional p-Laplace equation $$\begin{aligned} (-\Delta _p)^s u = 0 \end{aligned}$$

(
-

Δ
p

)

s

u
=
0

for $$0<s<1$$

0
<
s
<
1

and in the subquadratic case $$1<p<2$$

1
<
p
<
2

. We provide Hölder estimates with an explicit Hölder exponent. The inhomogeneous equation is also treated and there the exponent obtained is almost sharp for a certain range of parameters. Our results complement the previous results for the superquadratic case when $$p\ge 2$$

p
≥
2

. The arguments are based on a careful Moser-type iteration and a perturbation argument.
Space-time CutFEM on overlapping meshes I: simple continuous mesh motion
Authors: Larson Mats G. , Logg Anders , Lundholm Carl
Published: May 2024

We present a cut finite element method for the heat equation on two overlapping meshes: a stationary background mesh and an overlapping mesh that moves around inside/“on top” of it. Here the overlapping mesh is prescribed by a simple continuous motion, meaning that its location as a function of time is continuous and piecewise linear. For the discrete function space, we use continuous Galerkin in space and discontinuous Galerkin in time, with the addition of a discontinuity on the boundary between the two meshes. The finite element formulation is based on Nitsche’s method and also includes an integral term over the space-time boundary between the two meshes that mimics the standard discontinuous Galerkin time-jump term. The simple continuous mesh motion results in a space-time discretization for which standard analysis methodologies either fail or are unsuitable. We therefore employ what seems to be a relatively uncommon energy analysis framework for finite element methods for parabolic problems that is general and robust enough to be applicable to the current setting. The energy analysis consists of a stability estimate that is slightly stronger than the standard basic one and an a priori error estimate that is of optimal order with respect to both time step and mesh size. We also present numerical results for a problem in one spatial dimension that verify the analytic error convergence orders.
Feeding Ration Impacts Larval Pimephales Promelas 7-Day Subchronic Growth Endpoint: Case Study with Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid
Authors: Boyda Jonna , Moore David , Krupa Paige , Kimble Ashley , Biber Thomas , May Lauren , Kennedy Alan
Published: May 2024

The larval fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, 7-day subchronic survival and growth standard toxicity test method is commonly used for research and regulatory testing of effluents and compounds, including emerging contaminants such as Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS). Existing feeding guidelines for testing are described in multiple methods but are open to interpretation. The current study sought to determine the impact of feeding ration on P. promelas survival and biomass during a subchronic exposure to PFOS. The study was conducted in two phases: (1) a control experiment to determine the most significant feeding ration factors that maximize biomass, with consideration to laboratory logistics, and (2) application of down-selected feeding rations in a PFOS exposure to determine toxicity reference values. The control optimization study supported that feeding ration and feeding frequency were significant factors in fish biomass. In the subsequent PFOS study, fish were fed a high or low ration of Artemia twice daily, while exposed to 0.3 to 3.4 mg/L PFOS. Fish fed a high ration of Artemia had significantly (p < 0.05) greater biomass than fish fed a low ration in all exposure concentrations except 3.4 mg/L, where survival was low in both treatments. The feeding ration was not a significant factor on the survival endpoint for either treatment, but the PFOS concentration was (p < 0.0001) (high ration LC50 = 2.44 mg/L; low ration LC50 = 2.25 mg/L). These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact feeding ration has in toxicity assessments and downstream regulatory decisions.
Adsorptive removal of synthetic dye from its aqueous solution by using chitosan-bentonite composite: DFT and experimental studies
Authors: Şenol Zeynep Mine , Ertap Hüseyin , Fernine Yasmine , El Messaoudi Noureddine
Published: May 2024

This research investigates the adsorption efficiency of a chitosan-bentonite (Ch–B) composite in removing methyl orange (MO), a common textile dye, from aqueous solutions. The study integrates experimental and theoretical analyses, employing density functional theory (DFT) to gain insights into the molecular interactions between the composite material and MO molecules. The Ch–B composite was characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM–EDX. The experimental results indicate that the Ch–B composite exhibits a high adsorption capacity for MO, with optimal conditions identified for efficient removal. The Langmuir model was found to best fit the experimental data and the adsorption capacity was 117 mg g−1. Adsorption thermodynamics showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic. DFT calculation results are correlated with experimental findings to confirm theoretical predictions and improve the overall understanding of the adsorption process. Electronic structure calculations reveal the nature of the interactions between the Ch–B composite and MO molecules, including hydrogen bonds and electrostatic forces.
Speculative anisotropic mesh adaptation on shared memory for CFD applications
Authors: Tsolakis Christos , Chrisochoides Nikos
Published: May 2024

Efficient and robust anisotropic mesh adaptation is crucial for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The CFD Vision 2030 Study highlights the pressing need for this technology, particularly for simulations targeting supercomputers. This work applies a fine-grained speculative approach to anisotropic mesh operations. Our implementation exhibits more than 90% parallel efficiency on a multi-core node. Additionally, we evaluate our method within an adaptive pipeline for a spectrum of publicly available test-cases that includes both analytically derived and error-based fields. For all test-cases, our results are in accordance with published results in the literature. Support for CAD-based data is introduced, and its effectiveness is demonstrated on one of NASA’s High-Lift prediction workshop cases.
MOST wanted: navigating the MAPK-OIS-SASP-tumor microenvironment axis in primary pediatric low-grade glioma and preclinical models
Authors: Sigaud Romain , Brummer Tilman , Kocher Daniela , Milde Till , Selt Florian
Published: May 2024

Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG)—the most prevalent brain tumor in children—is essential for the identification and evaluation of novel effective treatments. This review explores the intricate relationship between the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and the tumor microenvironment (TME), integrating these elements into a unified framework termed the MAPK/OIS/SASP/TME (MOST) axis. This integrated approach seeks to deepen our understanding of pLGG and improve therapeutic interventions by examining the MOST axis’ critical influence on tumor biology and response to treatment. In this review, we assess the axis’ capacity to integrate various biological processes, highlighting new targets for pLGG treatment, and the need for characterized in vitro and in vivo preclinical models recapitulating pLGG’s complexity to test targets. The review underscores the need for a comprehensive strategy in pLGG research, positioning the MOST axis as a pivotal approach in understanding pLGG. This comprehensive framework will open promising avenues for patient care and guide future research towards inventive treatment options.
Telemedizinische Versorgung von Patienten mit kardialen Implantaten
Authors: Steiner Bianca , Zippel-Schultz Bettina , Thoden Erna , Geller Christoph J. , Klingenheben Thomas , Kröttinger Annett , Leonhardt Volker G. , Placke Jens , Helms Thomas M.
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund

Durch die Weiterentwicklung telemedizinischer Strukturen im deutschen Gesundheitswesen gewinnt das telekardiologische Monitoring zunehmend an Bedeutung, um eine ambulante, lückenlose und bedarfsgerechte Versorgung zu gewährleisten. Anhand der nationalen Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahme „DOQUVIDE – Dokumentation der Qualität bei der Erhebung von Vitalparametern durch implantierte Devices“ wird ein Ausschnitt der Versorgungsrealität von Patient*innen mit telekardiologischen Aggregaten in Deutschland abgebildet.

Methodik

DOQUVIDE ist ein Messinstrument zur Erfassung der Versorgungsrealität ambulant telekardiologisch betreuter Patient*innen mit implantierten Schrittmacher‑/ICD-/CRT-P-/CRT-D-Devices und Ereignisrekordern. DOQUVIDE erfasst kardiale Ereignisse, telemedizinisch gewonnene Vitalparameter und das Prozedere nach Ereignismeldung.

Ergebnisse

In 74 Praxen/Kliniken in 14 Bundesländern wurden im Jahr 2022 6678 Patient*innen telemedizinisch betreut; 937 wurden neu eingeschlossen. Diese waren durchschnittlich 77,8 Jahre alt mit mehrheitlich NYHA-Klasse II (62,6 %). Es wurden 5801 Ereignisbögen als Folge telekardiologischer Ereignisse generiert, davon 3590 aufgrund einer pathologischen Vorhofflimmerlast, 1812 aufgrund ventrikulärer Hochfrequenzepisoden, 295 durch Ereignisrekorder und 95 durch ausgelöste Gerätetherapien. Als Maßnahmen folgten vor allem telefonische Kontakte oder die ambulante Einbestellung der Patient*innen.

Schlussfolgerung

Telekardiologisches Monitoring ist in der deutschen Versorgungsrealität angekommen. Standardisierte Prozesse und Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen ermöglichen die Etablierung gemeinsamer Qualitätsstandards sowie die Identifizierung von Weiterentwicklungspotenzialen und erleichtern den Praxen die Umsetzung im Versorgungsalltag.
Septic complications are on the rise and aseptic loosening has decreased in total joint arthroplasty: an updated complication based analysis using worldwide arthroplasty registers
Authors: Hauer Georg , Rasic Laura , Klim Sebastian , Leitner Lukas , Leithner Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick
Published: May 2024

Introduction

A decade ago, a comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the reasons for revision surgeries and their respective frequencies in cases of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) based on a complication-based analysis of joint replacement registries. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the causes and risks of their occurrence have changed over the last ten years and to present an updated analysis.

Materials and methods

A systematic review of national arthroplasty registries from seven countries examined the causes and rates of revisions of THA and TKA. The study focused on a descriptive analysis that provided an updated overview without statistical significance values.

Results

The most common causes for revisions of THA were aseptic loosening (35.1%), deep infection (18.2%), dislocation/instability (15.9%), and periprosthetic fractures (11.4%). The most common causes for revisions of TKA were deep infection (21.6%), aseptic loosening (18.3%), instability (14.1%), and pain (10.9%).

Conclusion

The findings of this study revealed significant shifts in the underlying causes of revision surgeries in the last decade. Notably, septic complications emerged as the predominant reason for revision of primary TKA, while they also gained prominence as a cause of failure of THA. Although aseptic loosening remains the primary cause for re-operation of THA, the relative risk has decreased for both THA and TKA.
Inflammatory cytokine levels and changes during omalizumab treatment in chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Hoşgören-Tekin Selcen , Eyüboğlu İrem Peker , Akkiprik Mustafa , Giménez-Arnau Ana Maria , Salman Andaç
Published: May 2024

While several studies have examined the role of T cells and related cytokines in the development of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), there is a limited amount of research focusing on the changes in cytokine levels during omalizumab treatment. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the inflammatory cytokine profile (including IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-31, IL-33, and TNFα) among CSU patients undergoing to omalizumab treatment. Plasma levels of cytokines were measured using ELISA. Measurements were taken before CSU treatment, at the 3rd and 6th months of omalizumab treatment, and once in the control group. The severity of the patients’ disease was assessed using the weekly Urticaria Activity Score(UAS7), and disease control was evaluated using the Urticaria Control Test(UCT). Thirty-one CSU patients and 56 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included. Plasma levels of IL-4 and IL-33 were significantly lower in patients with CSU compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001; p = 0.038, respectively). During omalizumab treatment, IL-4 levels showed a significant increase in the 3rd month compared to baseline (p = 0.01), and IL-5 levels significantly decreased in the 6th month compared to both the 3rd month and baseline (6th month vs. baseline; p = 0.006, 6th month vs. 3rd month; p = 0.001). One potential mechanism of action for omalizumab may involve its regulatory effects on type 2 inflammatory cytokines in CSU patients. This finding partially explains the efficacy of anti-IL-4/13 treatments in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Further investigations on drugs targeting type 2 inflammatory cytokines in CSU are warranted.
Role of Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2) in two immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases: a mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoxue , Zhu Zexin
Published: May 2024

Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) and Atopic dermatitis (AD) are the two major types of immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease (IMISD). Limited studies reported the association between Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2) and IMISD. We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the causality between UBE2 and PV & AD. UBE2 association genome-wide association study (GWAS) data were collected. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the principal method in our Mendelian randomization (MR) study, with additional using the MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. The MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran’s Q test, MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) and leave-one-out analysis were conducted to identify heterogeneity and pleiotropy, colocalization analysis was also performed. The results showed that Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1 (UBE2V1) was causally associated with PV (OR = 0.909, 95% CI: 0.830–0.996, P = 0.040), Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 (UBE2L3) was causally associated with AD (OR = 0.799, 95% CI: 0.709–0.990, P < 0.001). Both UBE2V1 and UBE2L3 may play protective roles in patients with PV or AD, respectively. No other significant result has been investigated. No heterogeneity or pleiotropy was observed. This study provided new evidence of the relationship between UBE2V1 and PV, UBE2L3 and AD. Our MR suggested that UBE2V1 plays an inhibitory role in PV progression, UBE2L3 plays an inhibitory role in AD. These could be novel and effective ways to treat PV and AD.
Revolutionizing dermatology: harnessing mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and exosomes in 3D platform for skin regeneration
Authors: Bicer Mesude
Published: May 2024

Contemporary trends reveal an escalating interest in regenerative medicine-based interventions for addressing refractory skin defects. Conventional wound healing treatments, characterized by high costs and limited efficacy, necessitate a more efficient therapeutic paradigm to alleviate the economic and psychological burdens associated with chronic wounds. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) constitute cell-based therapies, whereas cell-free approaches predominantly involve the utilization of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes, both purportedly safe and effective. Exploiting the impact of MSCs by paracrine signaling, exosomes have emerged as a novel avenue capable of positively impacting wound healing and skin regeneration. MSC-exosomes confer several advantages, including the facilitation of angiogenesis, augmentation of cell proliferation, elevation of collagen production, and enhancement of tissue regenerative capacity. Despite these merits, challenges persist in clinical applications due to issues such as poor targeting and facile removal of MSC-derived exosomes from skin wounds. Addressing these concerns, a three-dimensional (3D) platform has been implemented to emend exosomes, allowing for elevated levels, and constructing more stable granules possessing distinct therapeutic capabilities. Incorporating biomaterials to encapsulate MSC-exosomes emerges as a favorable approach, concentrating doses, achieving intended therapeutic effectiveness, and ensuring continual release. While the therapeutic potential of MSC-exosomes in skin repair is broadly recognized, their application with 3D biomaterial scenarios remains underexplored. This review synthesizes the therapeutic purposes of MSCs and exosomes in 3D for the skin restoration, underscoring their promising role in diverse dermatological conditions. Further research may establish MSCs and their exosomes in 3D as a viable therapeutic option for various skin conditions.
The palliative role of lasers in the treatment of melanoma
Authors: Algarin Yanci A. , Pulumati Anika , Jaalouk Dana , Tan Jiali , Zeitouni Nathalie C. , Nouri Keyvan
Published: May 2024

Melanoma, accounting for a significant proportion of skin cancer-related deaths, has variable survival outcomes based on the stage at diagnosis and treatment efficacy. Traditional treatments, while effective, pose risks of scarring and systemic side effects. Laser therapy offers an emerging non-surgical alternative, with CO2 lasers particularly showing promise in palliative care.

A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, focusing on laser therapy for melanoma treatment. The search included studies on both stand-alone and adjunct laser therapies, with inclusion criteria requiring peer-reviewed articles detailing treatment outcomes for primary, recurrent, or metastatic melanoma.

The literature shows that laser therapy for melanoma falls into four major types when categorized by laser medium: solid-state, diode, pulse-dye, and gas (CO2). Data on solid-state lasers for melanoma are limited and their use remains controversial. However, one study with high-energy pulsed neodymium lasers reported a 5-year survival of 82.9% with minimal adverse effects for primary melanoma. CO2 laser therapy has been effective for palliative treatment, with one study showing 54.8% of patients with recurrent melanoma surviving 5.4 years post-ablation. For metastatic melanoma, numerous studies have shown that CO2 laser therapy can provide symptomatic relief and disease control. Combination therapies using lasers and immune-based therapies have demonstrated enhanced outcomes and immune activation, highlighting the potential of laser therapies in melanoma management.

While traditional treatments remain the standard for primary melanoma, laser therapies, particularly CO2 laser ablation, show substantial promise in palliative care for metastatic melanoma. Careful patient selection and assessment are crucial for achieving positive outcomes.
Laparoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer is oncologically safe and improves hospital stay duration: a retrospective single-center study over a 16-year period
Authors: Rambow Anna-Christina , Nikolai Moritz , Jansen Peer , Rogmans Christoph , Tribian Nils , Bauerschlag Dirk O. , Maass Nicolai , van Mackelenbergh Marion T.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To investigate changes in surgical procedures and patient outcomes of patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) at a German university hospital between 1998 and 2014.

Methods

A monocentric, retrospective review was conducted to identify patients diagnosed and treated with EC during the aforementioned period at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the University Hospital Kiel, Germany.

Results

303 patients were identified. Patient demographics, risk factors, histological subtypes and stages of EC remained consistent over time. The most common surgical procedure was total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) (81.9%). In 2011, the institution carried out its first total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) for EC, resulting in a significant increase in laparoscopic surgical procedures (2011–2014: N = 70; TAH 44.2%; TLH 51.4%). Although the total number of lymph node stagings remained consistent over time, there was a significant increase in the performance of simultaneous pelvic and para-aortic lymphonodectomy (LNE) compared to pelvic LNE alone (2.6 in 2001–2005 vs. 18.0% in 2011–2014, p ≤ 0.001). The duration of hospital stays significantly decreased over time, with a mean of 20.9 days in the first and 8.5 days in the last period. When comparing surgical procedures, TLHs resulted in significantly shorter postoperative stays with an average of 6.58 vs. 13.92 days for TAH. The surgical procedure performed did not affect 5-year overall survival rates in this study (84.9% for TAH and 85.3% for TLH, p = 0.85).

Conclusions

Our retrospective single-center study demonstrates that laparoscopic surgery for endometrial cancer is oncologically safe and shortens hospital stays.
Real-world evaluation of nivolumab in patients with non-nasopharyngeal recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer: a retrospective multi-center study by the Turkish Oncology Group (TOG)
Authors: Akyildiz Arif , Guven Deniz Can , Koksal Baris , Karaoglan Beliz Bahar , Kivrak Derya , Ismayilov Rashad , Aslan Firat , Sutcuoglu Osman , Yazici Ozan , Kadioglu Ahmet , Alan Ozkan , Majidova Nargiz , Erciyestepe Mert , Ozcan Erkan , Akdag Goncagul , Taban Hakan , Kaya Ali Osman , Guliyev Murad , Yildirim Nilgun , Sakalar Teoman , Yazilitas Dogan , Unal Caglar , On Sercan , Biter Sedat , Demirci Nebi Serkan , Senler Filiz Cay , Kemal Yasemin , Halil Omer Diker , Gullu Ibrahim , Aksoy Sercan
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) represent a significant global health concern due to high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis for advanced or recurrent cases remains challenging. Nivolumab obtained approval for recurrent or metastatic HNC based on the Phase III CheckMate 141 trial. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world outcomes of nivolumab in patients with non-nasopharyngeal HNC.

Design

In this multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed 124 patients with recurrent or metastatic non-nasopharyngeal HNC who received nivolumab in the second-line setting and beyond. Data were collected from 20 different cancer centers across Turkey. The effectiveness and safety of the treatment and survival outcomes were evaluated.

Results

Nivolumab exhibited favorable clinical responses, yielding an objective response rate of 29.9% and a disease control rate of 55.7%. Safety assessments revealed a generally well-tolerated profile, with no instances of treatment discontinuation or mortality due to side effects. Survival analysis disclosed a median overall survival (OS) of 11.8 (95% CI 8.4–15.2) months. Multivariate analysis revealed that ECOG-PS ≥ 1 (HR: 1.64, p = 0.045), laryngeal location (HR: 0.531, p = 0.024), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio > 3.5 (HR: 1.97, p = 0.007) were independent predictors of OS.

Conclusions

Nivolumab is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with recurrent or metastatic non-nasopharyngeal HNC in real-world settings. Further studies are needed on factors affecting response to treatment and survival outcomes.
Reliability of large language models for advanced head and neck malignancies management: a comparison between ChatGPT 4 and Gemini Advanced
Authors: Lorenzi Andrea , Pugliese Giorgia , Maniaci Antonino , Lechien Jerome R. , Allevi Fabiana , Boscolo-Rizzo Paolo , Vaira Luigi Angelo , Saibene Alberto Maria
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study evaluates the efficacy of two advanced Large Language Models (LLMs), OpenAI’s ChatGPT 4 and Google’s Gemini Advanced, in providing treatment recommendations for head and neck oncology cases. The aim is to assess their utility in supporting multidisciplinary oncological evaluations and decision-making processes.

Methods

This comparative analysis examined the responses of ChatGPT 4 and Gemini Advanced to five hypothetical cases of head and neck cancer, each representing a different anatomical subsite. The responses were evaluated against the latest National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines by two blinded panels using the total disagreement score (TDS) and the artificial intelligence performance instrument (AIPI). Statistical assessments were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Friedman test.

Results

Both LLMs produced relevant treatment recommendations with ChatGPT 4 generally outperforming Gemini Advanced regarding adherence to guidelines and comprehensive treatment planning. ChatGPT 4 showed higher AIPI scores (median 3 [2–4]) compared to Gemini Advanced (median 2 [2–3]), indicating better overall performance. Notably, inconsistencies were observed in the management of induction chemotherapy and surgical decisions, such as neck dissection.

Conclusions

While both LLMs demonstrated the potential to aid in the multidisciplinary management of head and neck oncology, discrepancies in certain critical areas highlight the need for further refinement. The study supports the growing role of AI in enhancing clinical decision-making but also emphasizes the necessity for continuous updates and validation against current clinical standards to integrate AI into healthcare practices fully.
Laser ablation (in situ) Lu-Hf geochronology of epidote group minerals
Authors: Yu Jie , Glorie Stijn , Hand Martin , Simpson Alexander , Gilbert Sarah , Szilas Kristoffer , Roberts Nick , Pawley Mark , Cheng Yanbo
Published: May 2024

Epidote group minerals, including allanite, clinozoisite and epidote are common in a range of metamorphic, igneous and hydrothermal systems, and are stable across a wide range of pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions. These minerals can incorporate substantial amounts of rare earth elements (REEs) during their crystallisation, making them potential candidates for Lu–Hf geochronology to provide age constraints on various geological processes. Here we report on a first exploration into the feasibility of in situ Lu–Hf geochronology for epidote group minerals from various geological settings and compare the results with age constraints from other geochronometers. Magmatic allanite samples from pegmatites and monzogranites in the Greenland anorthosite complex, Coompana Province and Qingling Orogen provided dates consistent with magmatic events spanning from c. 2660 to 1171 Ma. In the Qingling pegmatites, a younger phase of hydrothermal allanite was dated at c. 215 Ma, consistent with the timing of regional REE mineralisation. Allanite from the Yambah Shear Zone, Strangways Metamorphic Complex, yielded Lu–Hf age of c. 430 Ma. It predates the garnet and apatite growth at c. 380 Ma, suggesting the Lu–Hf system can be preserved in allanite during prograde amphibolite-facies metamorphism. Additionally, Lu–Hf dates for hydrothermal clinozoisite and epidote are consistent with the timing of hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation in a range of settings, demonstrating the utility of the technique for mineral exploration. Despite the current lack of matrix-matched reference materials, the successful application of laser ablation Lu–Hf geochronology to epidote group minerals offers valuable geochronological insights into various geological processes that can be difficult to access through other geochronometers.