bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutrosophic goal programming technique with bio inspired algorithms for crop land allocation problem
Authors: Angammal S. , Grace G. Hannah
Published: September 2024

In agriculture, crop planning and land distribution have been important research subjects. The distribution of land involves several multi-functional tasks, such as maximizing output and profit and minimizing costs. These functions are influenced by a variety of uncertain elements, including yield, crop price, and indeterminate factors like seed growth and suitable fertilizer. In order to address this problem, other researchers have used fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy optimization approaches, which did not include the indeterminacy membership functions. However, the neutrosophic optimization technique addresses the problem by using individual truth, falsity, and indeterminacy membership functions. So, to improve the optimal solution, the Neutrosophic Goal Programming (NGP) problem with hexagonal intuitionistic parameters is employed in this study. The membership functions for truth, indeterminacy, and falsity are constructed using hyperbolic, exponential, and linear membership functions. Minimizing the under deviations of truth, over deviations of indeterminacy, and falsity yields the NGP achievement function, which is used to attain optimal expenditure, production, and profit under the constraints of labour, land, food requirements, and water. Bio-inspired computing has been a major research topic in recent years. Optimization is mostly accomplished through the use of bio-inspired algorithms, which draw inspiration from natural behaviour. Bio-inspired algorithms are highly efficient in exploring large solution spaces, and helps to manage trade-offs between various goals, and providing the global optimal solution. Consequently, bio-inspired algorithms such as Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Social Group Optimization (SGO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are employed in the current work to determine the global optimal solutions for the NGP achievement function. The data for the study was collected from the medium-sized farmers in Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu, India. To illustrate the uniqueness and application of the developed method, the optimal solutions of the suggested method are compared with Zimmermann, Angelov, and Torabi techniques. The proposed technique demonstrates that the bioinspired algorithms’ optimal solution to the neutrosophic goal is superior to the existing approaches.
Effectiveness of wetlands as reservoirs for integrated water resource management in the Ruzizi plain based on water evaluation and planning (WEAP) approach for a climate-resilient future in eastern D.R. Congo
Authors: Chuma Géant B. , Mondo Jean M. , Wellens Joost , Majaliwa Jackson M. , Egeru Anthony , Bagula Espoir M. , Lucungu Prince Baraka , Kahindo Charles , Mushagalusa Gustave N. , Karume Katcho , Schmitz Serge
Published: September 2024

It is widely predicted that climate change’s adverse effects will intensify in the future, and along with inadequate agricultural practices, settlement development, and other anthropic activities, could contribute to rapid wetland degradation and thus exert significant negative effects on local communities. This study sought to develop an approach based on the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) in the Ruzizi Plain, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where adverse effects of the climate change are increasingly recurrent. Initially, we analyzed the trends of climate data for the last three decades (1990–2022). Subsequently, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) approach was employed on two contrasting watersheds to estimate current and future water demands in the region and how local wetlands could serve as reservoirs to meeting water demands. Results indicate that the Ruzizi Plain is facing escalating water challenges owing to climate change, rapid population growth, and evolving land-use patterns. These factors are expected to affect water quality and quantity, and thus, increase pressure on wetland ecosystems. The analysis of past data shows recurrence of dry years (SPI ≤  − 1.5), reduced daily low-intensity rainfall (Pmm < 10 mm), and a significant increase in extreme rainfall events (Pmm ≥ 25 mm). The WEAP outcomes revealed significant variations in future water availability, demand, and potential stressors across watersheds. Cropland and livestock are the main water consumers in rural wetlands, while households, cropland (at a lesser extent), and other urban uses exert significant water demands on wetlands located in urban environments. Of three test scenarios, the one presenting wetlands as water reservoirs seemed promising than those considered optimal (based on policies regulating water use) and rational (stationary inputs but with a decrease in daily allocation). These findings highlight the impact of climate change in the Ruzizi plain, emphasizing the urgency of implementing adaptive measures. This study advocates for the necessity of the IWRM approach to enhance water resilience, fostering sustainable development and wetland preservation under changing climate.
FBXO38 is dispensable for PD-1 regulation
Authors: Dibus Nikol , Salyova Eva , Kolarova Karolina , Abdirov Alikhan , Pagano Michele , Stepanek Ondrej , Cermak Lukas
Published: September 2024

SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases are versatile protein complexes that mediate the ubiquitination of protein substrates. The direct substrate recognition relies on a large family of F-box-domain-containing subunits. One of these substrate receptors is FBXO38, which is encoded by a gene found mutated in families with early-onset distal motor neuronopathy. SCFFBXO38 ubiquitin ligase controls the stability of ZXDB, a nuclear factor associated with the centromeric chromatin protein CENP-B. Loss of FBXO38 in mice results in growth retardation and defects in spermatogenesis characterized by deregulation of the Sertoli cell transcription program and compromised centromere integrity. Moreover, it was reported that SCFFBXO38 mediates the degradation of PD-1, a key immune-checkpoint inhibitor in T cells. Here, we have re-addressed the link between SCFFBXO38 and PD-1 proteolysis. Our data do not support the notion that SCFFBXO38 directly or indirectly controls the abundance and stability of PD-1 in T cells.
Recent progress in energy conversion and storage of agricultural waste-derived (carbon/nano)materials: a review
Authors: Nezafat Zahra , Dong Yahao , Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud , Shafiei Nasrin , Gharoubi Hanieh , Javanshir Shahrzad
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, with the mechanization of human societies, the demand for energy production and storage has also increased.
Harnessing 3D printed highly porous Ti–6Al–4V scaffolds coated with graphene oxide to promote osteogenesis
Authors: Jang Hee Jeong , Kang Moon Sung , Jang Jinju , Lim Dohyung , Choi Seong-Won , Jung Tae-Gon , Chun Heoung-Jae , Kim Bongju , Han Dong-Wook
Published: September 2024

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies have been developed to address challenges in orthopedic and dental therapy by expediting osseointegration and new bone formation.
Efficient C(sp3)–P(v) bond cleavage and reconstruction of free α-aminophosphonates via palladium catalysis
Authors: Yi Li-Na , Bu Jinghan , Zhao Tao , Huang Mengyi , Yang Qiang
Published: September 2024

An efficient protocol for Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)–P(v) cleavage of α-aminophosphonates and subsequent functionalization via C–P recombination has been developed.
The potential utility of dendritic fibrous nanosilica as an adsorbent and a catalyst in carbon capture, utilization, and storage
Authors: Lim Sam Yeol , Younis Sherif A. , Kim Ki-Hyun , Lee Jechan
Published: September 2024

Dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) is one of the most promising materials for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) applications with tunable activity and selectivity.
Visible light-induced photocatalytic deoxyfluorination of benzyl alcohol using SF6 as a fluorinating reagent
Authors: Zhang Yi-Fan , Zhu Shan , Zuo Ya-Wen , Liu Hang , Jin Ruo-Xing , Wang Xi-Sheng
Published: September 2024

Synthesis of benzyl fluorides via visible-light-induced fluorination using SF6 has been established, exhibiting a broad substrate scope and high efficiency.
Synergistic effect of side-chain engineering and terminal-group halogenation on naphthalenediimide-based non-fused ring electron acceptors for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: He Baitian , Zhang WenZheng , Zhang Jinming , Xiao Manjun , Chen Guiting , Li Long , Liu Yan , Dai Chuanbo
Published: September 2024

We developed a series of naphthalenediimide-based NFREAs, combined with the synergistic effects of tailoring alkyl side-chains and altering terminal groups, OSCs based on D18:NDI610-Cl exhibited a higher PCE of 10.25%.
Modulation of intramolecular Fe oxidation with distance and driving force in Ru–Fe photocatalysts
Authors: Herrero Christian , Banse Frédéric , Leibl Winfried , Quaranta Annamaria
Published: September 2024

The intramolecular electron transfer process in four Ru–Fe dyads was investigated. Rates, electronic coupling and reorganisation energy are discussed in the frame of Marcus theory.
Investigation of the electronic and optical properties of Al13–dianhydride complexes by (time-dependent) density functional theory
Authors: Yan Yan , Yang Yu , Hou Na
Published: September 2024

The second-order nonlinear optical properties of inorganic–organic complexes constructed from Al13 and dianhydrides were investigated using (time-dependent) density functional theory.
Spherical CuFeS2@FeSe2 structure as a binder-free electrode and its performance in asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Amirabad Tahereh Nikkhah , Ensafi Ali A.
Published: September 2024

Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs), such as FeSe2, FeS2, and CuS, have attracted considerable attention for energy storage due to their multi-electron transfer capabilities and high capacities.
Advanced metal–organic frameworks for superior carbon capture, high-performance energy storage and environmental photocatalysis – a critical review
Authors: Sher Farooq , Hayward Anna , El Guerraf Abdelqader , Wang Bohong , Ziani Imane , Hrnjić Harun , Boškailo Emina , Chupin Alexander , Nemţanu Monica R.
Published: September 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a transformative class of materials, offering unprecedented versatility in applications ranging from energy storage to environmental remediation and photocatalysis.
An ultrathin support layer based on carbon nanotubes/polyvinyl alcohol for forward osmosis membranes with outstanding water flux
Authors: Juan Hsi-Yuan , Gupta Shivam , Lee Chi-Young , Lai Yi-Ting , Tai Nyan-Hwa
Published: September 2024

An ultrathin CNTs/PVA support layer with an extremely high water flux of up to 90.86 L m−2 h−1 in FO.
Correction: High performance, binder-free electrodes with single atom catalysts on doped nanocarbons for electrochemical water splitting synthesized using one-step thermally controlled delamination of thin films
Authors: Avraham Efrat Shawat , Malik Bibhudatta , Yarmolenko Alina , Konar Rajashree , Remennik Sergei , Taguri Gili Cohen , Zorzi Sandro , Cattaruzza Elti , Hubner Michael Yakov , Nessim Gilbert Daniel
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘High performance, binder-free electrodes with single atom catalysts on doped nanocarbons for electrochemical water splitting synthesized using one-step thermally controlled delamination of thin films’ by Efrat Shawat Avraham et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TA04701J.
In vivo safety evaluation and tracing of arginylglycylaspartic acid-engineered phage nanofiber in murine model
Authors: Shrestha Kshitiz Raj , Kim Sehoon , Jo Anna , Ragothaman Murali , Yoo So Young
Published: September 2024

RGD-engineered phage nanofibers exhibit a safe profile with efficient biodistribution and minimal immune response, promising for therapeutic applications.
Modelling and compensation of rate‐dependent hysteresis in piezoelectric actuators based on a modified Madelung model
Authors: Li Rui , Cao Kairui , Li Zekun
Published: September 2024

Based on the principle of weight superposition, a modified Madelung model is proposed. By combining the signal delay response characteristics (SDRC), a dynamic model and its inverse model are established to describe and compensate for the rate‐dependent hysteresis phenomenon of the piezoelectric actuators (PEAs). The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments, and the results show that the hysteresis nonlinearity of the PEA is basically eliminated, with the normalized root‐mean‐square error of 0.64% under the excitation of multi‐frequency superposition signal.
ADWNet: An improved detector based on YOLOv8 for application in adverse weather for autonomous driving
Authors: Feng Xinyun , Peng Tao , Qiao Ningguo , Li Haitao , Chen Qiang , Zhang Rui , Duan Tingting , Gong JinFeng
Published: September 2024

Drawing inspiration from the state‐of‐the‐art object detection framework YOLOv8, a new model termed adverse weather net (ADWNet) is proposed. To enhance the model's feature extraction capabilities, the efficient multi‐scale attention (EMA) module has been integrated into the backbone. To address the problem of information loss in fused features, Neck has been replaced with RepGDNeck. Simultaneously, to expedite the model's convergence, the bounding box's loss function has been optimized to SIoU loss. To elucidate the advantages of ADWNet in the context of adverse weather conditions, ablation studies and comparative experiments were conducted. The results indicate that although the model's parameter count increased by 18.4%, the accuracy for detecting rain, snow, and fog in adverse weather conditions improved by 22%, while the FLOPs (floating point operations) decreased by 5%. The results of the comparison experiments conducted on the WEDGE dataset show that ADWNet outperforms other object detection models in adverse weather in terms of accuracy, model parameters and FLOPs. To validate ADWNet's real‐world efficacy, data was extracted from a car recorder under adverse conditions on highways, visual inference was conducted, and its accuracy was demonstrated in interpreting real‐world scenarios. The config files are available at https://github.com/Xinyun‐Feng/ADWNet.
M3D‐DPWM strategy for three‐phase four‐leg inverter with higher harmonic suppression capability
Authors: Li Ning , Shen Panpan , Li Jie , Hu Jiale , Zhang Changjie
Published: September 2024

Three‐phase four‐leg inverters are widely used in power systems due to their inherent ability to handle unbalanced loads. However, with conventional 3D space vector pulse width modulation (3D‐SVPWM), high harmonics of large amplitude exist in the output voltage around the switching frequency and its integer multiples leading to noise in the load motor and limiting the application range of the inverter system. The passband amplification of conventional sinusoidal filters and their cutoff frequency vary with the load, so it is particularly important to investigate the regulation strategy with harmonic suppression. In this study, an improved 3D discontinuous pulse width modulation (M3D‐DPWM) strategy is proposed based on 3D‐SVPWM. By reducing the conventional 3D‐SVPWM switching segments and changing the vector synthesis sequence of the last half switching cycle, the output phase voltage period is reduced to half of the original one, which achieves the purpose of suppressing the output voltage at the switching frequency and its odd multiple high harmonics without changing the fundamental characteristics and adding additional circuits. In contrast, the conventional 3D‐SVPWM switching frequency is increased to 20 kHz to achieve similar performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by simulation and experiment.
Federated learning assisted distributed energy optimization
Authors: Du Yuhan , Mendes Nuno , Rasouli Simin , Mohammadi Javad , Moura Pedro
Published: September 2024

The increased penetration of distributed energy resources and the adoption of sensing and control technologies are driving the transition from our current centralized electric grid to a distributed system controlled by multiple entities (agents). The transactive energy community serves as an established example of this transition. Distributed energy management approaches can effectively address the evolving grid's scalability, resilience, and privacy requirements. In this context, the accuracy of agents' estimations becomes crucial for the performance of distributed and multi‐agent decision‐making paradigms. This paper specifically focuses on integrating federated learning (FL) with the multi‐agent energy management procedure. FL is utilized to forecast agents' local energy generation and demand, aiming to accelerate the convergence of the distributed decision‐making process. To enhance energy aggregation in transactive energy communities, we propose an FL‐assisted distributed consensus + innovations approach. The results demonstrate that employing FL significantly reduces errors in predicting net power demand. The improved forecast accuracy, in turn, introduces less error in the distributed optimization process, thereby enhancing its convergence behaviour.
Test and evaluation of radar systems operating in the modern electromagnetic spectrum
Authors: Fiengo Raffaele , Adams Adrian
Published: September 2024

Modern radar systems are critical infrastructure in defence and civilian applications. In the defence domain, modern radars operate in a highly contested, congested, and constrained electromagnetic environment. In the context of operating in this challenging environment, the challenges across the system life cycle are examined in testing modern radar systems which are characterised by advanced features, such as multi‐function capability, advanced digital signal processing, high resolution, wideband, and frequency agile systems that incorporate phase array and active electronically scanned array capabilities. The challenges and key objectives in testing these sophisticated modern radar systems are highlighted, as well as the enabling technologies that can support Test & Evaluation of such systems. An architecture for Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop testing, which leverages modular and flexible commercial‐of‐the‐shelf hardware, is proposed together with an application software that allows the testing of radar with a radar target generator.
Segregated by whom? Examining triple neighbourhood disadvantages and activity spaces in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: Kim Geon , Kang Seungbeom
Published: September 2024

This study explores the potential mechanisms by which neighbourhood isolation is created and reinforced in non-home activity locations. The existing discussion on neighbourhood isolation, its consequences, and the subsequent reproduction of interactions between individuals and their environment has focused on their residential locations. However, the vitality of a neighbourhood depends not only on its own socioeconomic conditions but also on the conditions of the other neighbourhoods its residents visit and are visited by. Residential locations are only one of the many spaces in which individuals engage in their activities; therefore, to fully comprehend people’s everyday experiences of integration and isolation, it is imperative to look at interactions within both home and non-home activity spaces. Building on this extended perspective, we examine: (1) whether residential neighbourhood isolation is intensified by socioeconomic conditions individuals’ encounter in consumption and commuting activity spaces; and (2) which socioeconomic group drives the association between residential neighbourhood isolation and activity spaces—whether both disadvantaged and privileged groups contribute to isolation through the differential use of urban space or either group predominantly leads this association. We use Seoul as a case study, characterised as a city that is highly populated, contains multiple economic centres, functions with a highly affordable and efficient public transportation system, and suffers from increasing socioeconomic segregation. The results suggest that mobility patterns in activity spaces tend to reinforce neighbourhood isolation through potential forces driven by neighbourhood homophily. Isolation in the use of urban spaces appears to be driven mainly by the self-seclusion of the most advantaged neighbourhood group, while neighbourhoods in the lower socioeconomic status groups indicate broader cross-interactions across status groups, probably because of Seoul’s transit-friendly environment. Our study contributes to enhancing the understanding of spatial-societal inequalities in Korea and beyond and could assist in formulating policies for a more balanced provision of diverse urban social services and infrastructure.
Application of x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy to analyzing the thickness of diamond-like carbon film deposited on the surface of microparticles
Authors: Zhao Junping , An Zhengjie , Ai Zhijun , Wu Zhicheng , Zhang Qiaogen
Published: September 2024

Depositing diamond-like carbon (DLC) film is considered to be more promising for surface modification of microparticles. The development of reliable and precise measurement techniques for DLC coatings on microparticles is crucial for advancing research in this field. This paper introduces a methodological approach for quantifying the thickness of the film on microparticles. The thickness of the film is obtained by establishing the quantitative relationship between the energy lost when electrons pass through the film and the thickness of the film. The proposed method allows for the estimation of film thickness by assessing solely the elemental abundance on the particle surfaces.
“Cosmic alternator” for the onset of large-scale magnetic fields
Authors: Coppi B. , Basu B.
Published: September 2024

Magnetic field configurations extending over macroscopic scale distances are shown to be generated in rarefied collisionless plasmas when non-thermal and spatially inhomogeneous electron distributions in phase space emerge. The analyzed representative case is where, in the presence of a significant spatial gradient of the electron pressure and of a sheared magnetic field configuration, an alternating magnetic field reconnection process can develop associated with the anisotropy of the fluctuating electron temperature. The relevant process is intrinsically different from that known as the “Biermann Battery,” which does not involve magnetic reconnection and requires that the unperturbed spatial gradient of the (isotropic) electron temperature be misaligned relative to that of the density gradient.
Design and performance of indium seals for size-constrained tunable laser spectrometers
Authors: Winiberg Frank A. F. , Fradet Mathieu , Krzysiak Rafal , Chen Yangquan , Mansour Kamjou , Noell Aaron C. , Wallace J. Kent , Christensen Lance E.
Published: September 2024

Indium seals have been used extensively in ultra-high vacuum and cryogenic applications. Typically, these seals use indium alongside or in place of other metal gaskets in stainless-steel vacuum flanges, with some custom applications for flanges sealing directly with glass (optics or tubes). Here, we present the design and performance of three pressed indium seals (99.99% In) between aluminum and 0.5 in. diameter sapphire optics and aluminum and gold coated Kovar semiconductor packages (TO-66 and TO-39). Test fixtures were designed to mimic those of future tunable diode laser spectrometers for Earth, planetary, and manned spaceflight environmental monitoring applications. Successful high-hermeticity seals [<10−10 atm cc/s (He)] were achieved for all seals formed with sufficient pressure applied to allow indium to flow between mating surfaces. The hermeticity of the seals was maintained after temperature cycling (−10 to +80 °C, 20 cycles), with the optical seals surviving extended duration tests (−55 to +85 °C, per MIL-STD-883). Semiconductor packages (TO-39) subjected to these extended tests saw a moderate increase in leak rate [∼5 × 10−9 atm cc/s (He)]; however, further testing showed that either the glass-metal package seals or the indium were affected (the sample size was too small to draw firm conclusions for future applications). Overall, these results suggest long-term survivability of indium seals for Kovar–aluminum and sapphire–aluminum interfaces [>10 years at 10−10 atm cc/s (He)], where the coefficient of thermal expansion differs by approximately four times.
A prediction of high temperature magnetic coupling in transition metal phthalocyanines
Authors: Broadhurst James , Mallia Giuseppe , Harrison Nicholas
Published: September 2024

In spintronics, a perennial goal has been the generation of organic spin-bearing semiconductor materials with magnetic ordering stable at room temperature. To this end, the class of transition metal phthalocyanines has shown much promise in fulfilling this ambition. In particular, alpha-phase cobalt (II) phthalocyanine (α-CoPc) exhibits strong antiferromagnetic exchange interactions producing a long range order up to ∼100 K. However, the underlying mechanism by which this magnetic interaction proceeds is not well understood. In this report, a simple mechanism has been proposed based on the Hubbard Hamiltonian, which elucidates the exchange coupling in α-CoPc. The mechanism provides stipulations for increasing the magnetic coupling, and this directs to a proposal that substitution of the central cobalt ion for rhodium will lead to a significant increase in coupling strength. The strength of this exchange interaction has been evaluated using broken symmetry hybrid exchange density functional theory and indicates that the novel rhodium (II) phthalocyanine system is indeed predicted to exhibit significantly stronger magnetic ordering. This study, therefore, identifies the coupling mechanism in α-CoPc as primarily attributable to kinetic exchange, explains its previously reported strong coupling relative to its first-row transition metal counterparts, and suggests that rhodium (II) phthalocyanine is likely to exhibit stable magnetic ordering at room temperature.
Exploring run-and-tumble movement in confined settings through simulation
Authors: Zamora Dario Javier , Artuso Roberto
Published: September 2024

Motion in bounded domains is a fundamental concept in various fields, including billiard dynamics and random walks on finite lattices, and has important applications in physics, ecology, and biology. An important universal property related to the average return time to the boundary, the Mean Path Length Theorem (MPLT), has been proposed theoretically and experimentally confirmed in various contexts. We investigated a wide range of mechanisms that lead to deviations from this universal behavior, such as boundary effects, reorientation, and memory processes. This study investigates the dynamics of run-and-tumble particles within a confined two-dimensional circular domain. Through a combination of theoretical approaches and numerical simulations, we validate the MPLT under uniform and isotropic particle inflow conditions. This research demonstrates that although the MPLT is generally applicable for different step length distributions, deviations occur for non-uniform angular distributions, non-elastic boundary conditions, or memory processes. These results underline the crucial influence of boundary interactions and angular dynamics on the behavior of particles in confined spaces. Our results provide new insights into the geometry and dynamics of motion in confined spaces and contribute to a better understanding of a broad spectrum of phenomena ranging from the motion of bacteria to neutron transport. This type of analysis is crucial in situations where inhomogeneity occurs, such as multiple real-world scenarios within a limited domain.
Atomization performance optimization of series dual-chamber self-excited oscillation nozzle using the entropy weight method combined with gray theory
Authors: Nie Songlin , Song Yuwei , Ji Hui , Qin Tingting , Yin Fanglong , Ma Zhonghai
Published: September 2024

In this study, a series dual-chamber self-excited oscillation nozzle (SDSON) for atomization was developed for photodecomposition of oily wastewater. In order to address the computational complexity associated with optimizing this nozzle, a surrogate model that integrates computational fluid dynamics simulation is proposed. By employing a multi-objective optimization algorithm that combines Genetic Algorithm and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II, significant improvements in atomization performance have been achieved. The influencing factors of atomization and their interactions on the nozzle's atomization performance have been analyzed. The entropy weight method was employed in conjunction with gray theory to rank the optimal solutions based on weighted correlation evaluation, resulting in the determination of the most favorable design solutions. The optimized design exhibited significant enhancements in turbulence kinetic energy and gas volume fraction at the nozzle outlet. Atomization experiments confirmed that the optimized SDSON generated smaller and more uniformly sized droplets under identical inlet pressure conditions, thereby greatly improving atomization performance.
High EQE of 43.76% in solution-processed OLEDs operating at a wavelength of 626 nm
Authors: Zhang Jingtao , Wu Mengge , Zheng Ding , Zhao Juan , Yu Junsheng
Published: September 2024

Simultaneously achieving high-efficiency, deep-red emission, and solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) remains a huge challenge. In this work, a thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) material of CzPXZ that exhibits aggregation-induced emission property and a deep-red phosphorescent emitter of Ir(dmppy)(piq)2(od) are developed to build effective energy transfer pathways by dissolving them in a non-polar organic solvent. The electroluminescent emission peaks of CzPXZ:Ir(III)-based OLEDs are located at deep-red 626 nm, demonstrating efficient energy transfer from CzPXZ to the Ir(III) complex. Furthermore, an optimized DPEPO hole-blocking layer is utilized in such Ir(III)-doped OLEDs to enhance the radiative recombination. Therefore, a high external quantum efficiency of 43.76% is achieved for CzPXZ:Ir(III)-based OLEDs. This work sheds light on the great potential of energy transfer from AIE-TADF to red phosphorescent emitters for high-efficiency, solution-processed, deep-red OLEDs.
Direct measurement of microwave loss in Nb films for superconducting qubits
Authors: Abdisatarov B. , Bafia D. , Murthy A. , Eremeev G. , Elsayed-Ali H. E. , Lee J. , Netepenko A. , Carlos C. P. A. , Leith S. , Rosaz G. J. , Romanenko A. , Grassellino A.
Published: September 2024

Niobium films are a key component in modern two-dimensional superconducting qubits, yet their contribution to the total qubit decay rate is not fully understood. The presence of different layers of materials and interfaces makes it difficult to identify the dominant loss channels in present two-dimensional qubit designs. In this paper, we present the study that directly correlates measurements of RF losses in such films to material parameters by investigating a high-power impulse magnetron sputtered (HiPIMS) film atop a three-dimensional niobium superconducting radio frequency (SRF) resonator. By using a 3D SRF structure, we are able to isolate the niobium film loss from other contributions. Our findings indicate that microwave dissipation in the HiPIMS-prepared niobium films, within the quantum regime, resembles that of record-high intrinsic quality factor of bulk niobium SRF cavities, with lifetimes extending into seconds. Microstructure and impurity level of the niobium film do not significantly affect the losses. These results set the scale of microwave losses in niobium films and show that niobium losses do not dominate the observed coherence times in present two-dimensional superconducting qubit designs, instead highlighting the dominant role of the dielectric oxide in limiting the performance. We can also set a bound for when niobium film losses will become a limitation for qubit lifetimes.
DeepLNE++ leveraging knowledge distillation for accelerated multi-state path-like collective variables
Authors: Fröhlking Thorben , Rizzi Valerio , Aureli Simone , Gervasio Francesco Luigi
Published: September 2024

Path-like collective variables (CVs) can be very effective for accurately modeling complex biomolecular processes in molecular dynamics simulations. Recently, we have introduced DeepLNE (deep-locally non-linear-embedding), a machine learning-based path-like CV that provides a progression variable s along the path as a non-linear combination of several descriptors. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of DeepLNE by showing that for simple models such as the Müller–Brown potential and alanine dipeptide, the progression along the path variable closely approximates the ideal reaction coordinate. However, DeepLNE is computationally expensive for realistic systems needing many descriptors and limited in its ability to handle multi-state reactions. Here, we present DeepLNE++, which uses a knowledge distillation approach to significantly accelerate the evaluation of DeepLNE, making it feasible to compute free energy landscapes for large and complex biomolecular systems. In addition, DeepLNE++ encodes system-specific knowledge within a supervised multitasking framework, enhancing its versatility and effectiveness.
Efficient random phase approximation for diradicals
Authors: Shirazi Reza G. , Rybkin Vladimir V. , Marthaler Michael , Golubev Dmitry S.
Published: September 2024

We apply the analytically solvable model of two electrons in two orbitals to diradical molecules, characterized by two unpaired electrons. The effect of doubly occupied and empty orbitals is taken into account by means of random phase approximation (RPA). We show that in the static limit, the direct RPA leads to the renormalization of the parameters of the two-orbital model. We test our model by comparing its predictions for singlet–triplet splitting with the results of several multi-reference methods for a set of thirteen molecules. We find that for this set, the static RPA results are close to those of the NEVPT2 method with two orbitals and two electrons in the active space.
Coherent spin wave excitation with radio-frequency spin–orbit torque
Authors: Morrison Nathaniel , Taghinejad Hossein , Analytis James , Ma Eric Y.
Published: September 2024

Spin waves, collective perturbations of magnetic moments, are both fundamental probes for magnetic physics and promising candidates for energy-efficient signal processing and computation. Traditionally, coherent propagating spin waves have been generated by radio frequency (RF) inductive Oersted fields from current-carrying electrodes. An alternative mechanism, spin–orbit torque (SOT), offers more localized excitation through interfacial spin accumulation but has been mostly limited to DC to kHz frequencies. SOT driven by RF currents, with potentially enhanced pumping efficiency and unique spin dynamics, remains largely unexplored, especially in magnetic insulators. Here, we conduct a comprehensive theoretical and computational investigation into the generation of coherent spin waves via RF-SOT in the prototypical yttrium iron garnet. We characterize the excitation of forward volume, backward volume, and surface modes in both linear and nonlinear regimes, employing single and interdigitated electrode configurations. We reveal and explain several unique and surprising features of RF-SOT compared to inductive excitation, including higher efficiency, distinct mode selectivity, and directional symmetry, a ∼3π/4 phase offset, reduced anharmonic distortion in the nonlinear regime, and the absence of second harmonic generation. These insights position RF-SOT as a promising new mechanism for future magnonic and spintronic applications.
Direct generation of femtosecond cylindrical vector beams from a 2.8
μ
m Er:ZBLAN fiber laser
Authors: Li Xinying , Zhu Guojun , Ma Chunyang , Zhang Chunxiang , Fan Dianyuan , Liu Jun
Published: September 2024

Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs), which feature a unique spatially non-uniform polarization distribution with an axis symmetry, have been attracting increasing attention due to their various potential applications. However, mainstream CVB lasers demonstrated so far are emitting in the near-infrared wavelength region. The development of mid-infrared (MIR) CVB lasers can greatly broaden their application areas, especially when operating in the mode-locking regime where high peak power ultrafast pulses can be produced. Here, we present the direct generation of MIR femtosecond CVBs from an Er-doped fluoride fiber laser. The mode-locking operation is realized by the nonlinear polarization rotation technique, accompanying with an intra-cavity CVB converter based on two S-waveplates. Both radially and azimuthally polarized beams in the form of mode-locking pulse trains are achieved in the experiment with a typical pulse width of 336 fs and a peak power of 7.3 kW at a repetition of 42.24 MHz. The center wavelength locates at around 2795 nm. This work can provide a solution for the direct generation of femtosecond CVBs in the MIR wavelength region and facilitate its application in fields such as micro-manufacturing and nanoparticle manipulation.
MOS-structured MoS2/GaN Schottky barrier diodes with high on/off current ratio and low threshold voltage
Authors: Zhou Runjie , Wang Wenliang , Li Guoqiang
Published: September 2024

GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) have been investigated for a variety of power applications. However, the problems of low on/off current ratio and high threshold voltage caused by the difficult high-quality doping restrict its utilization in power devices. In this work, quasi-vertical MoS2/GaN SBDs with Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) structure have been proposed. The MOS structure is formed by the part of anode (Ni/Au) over the Al2O3, Al2O3, and monolayer MoS2. Monolayer MoS2 exhibits n-type doping and p-type doping under forward bias and reverse bias, respectively, which realizes an adjustment in the Fermi level of the monolayer MoS2, resulting in a change in the resistance of the SBDs. The as-prepared SBDs present a high on/off current ratio of 2.40 × 1011, a low threshold voltage of 0.55 V at 1 A/cm2, and a low reverse leakage current of 2.50 × 10−10 A/cm2 at −1 V. This work shows that the MOS-structured MoS2/GaN SBDs are promising for next-generation power electronics.
Augmenting the availability of historical GDP per capita estimates through machine learning
Authors: Koch Philipp , Stojkoski Viktor , A. Hidalgo César
Published: September 2024

Can we use data on the biographies of historical figures to estimate the GDP per capita of countries and regions? Here, we introduce a machine learning method to estimate the GDP per capita of dozens of countries and hundreds of regions in Europe and North America for the past seven centuries starting from data on the places of birth, death, and occupations of hundreds of thousands of historical figures. We build an elastic net regression model to perform feature selection and generate out-of-sample estimates that explain 90% of the variance in known historical income levels. We use this model to generate GDP per capita estimates for countries, regions, and time periods for which these data are not available and externally validate our estimates by comparing them with four proxies of economic output: urbanization rates in the past 500 y, body height in the 18
th
century, well-being in 1850, and church building activity in the 14
th
and 15
th
century. Additionally, we show our estimates reproduce the well-known reversal of fortune between southwestern and northwestern Europe between 1300 and 1800 and find this is largely driven by countries and regions engaged in Atlantic trade. These findings validate the use of fine-grained biographical data as a method to augment historical GDP per capita estimates. We publish our estimates with CI together with all collected source data in a comprehensive dataset.
Tunable multicolor optomechanically induced transparency and slow-fast light in hybrid electro-optomechanical system
Authors: Xiao Ruijie , Pan Guixia , Liu Ye
Published: September 2024

We investigate the tunable multicolor optomechanically induced transparency and the effect of slow/fast light in a hybrid electro-optomechanical system, in which a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) and a

Λ
−

type three-level atomic ensemble are placed in a optical cavity with two oscillator modes. The system is driven by a strong pump field and a weak probe field, respectively. Multicolor transparency windows appear in the output field under the atom-photon-OPA-phonon-phonon coherent interaction. And the position and width of the transparent port of the output field can be manipulated by properly modifying the different parameters of the subsystem. We also research the slow/fast light effect related to phase and group delay in the probe field. Our proposal provides a great flexibility for phonon storage and has some potential applications in quantum information processing.
Quantum metamaterials with complete graph interfaces in the ultrastrong coupling regime
Authors: Zacharenko P V , Tsarev D V , Nikitina M M , Alodjants A P
Published: September 2024

This work studies the ultrastrong coupling (USC) regime for quantized electromagnetic (EM) fields interacting with two-level systems (qubits) arranged within the complete graph nodes of photonic networks beyond the rotating wave approximation. We show the nontrivial behavior of Bloch–Siegert (BS) phase inherent to the field is established in the structure. The collective BS phase dominates under the strong matter-field coupling condition. The network complete graph interface significantly improves the cooperativity parameter to achieve this condition. However, increasing the coupling parameter essentially beyond the strong coupling condition causes saturation effects that suppress the collective photonic phase. We demonstrate that in the USC regime the EM field exhibits the features of a single qubit BS phase enhanced by the network connectivity. Our findings open new perspectives in quantum information processing with superconductor metamaterials.
Visualizing the quantum phase transition by using quantum steering ellipsoids in the anisotropic spin XY model
Authors: Liu Cheng-Cheng , Sun Ze-Wei , Fan Xiao-Gang , Ding Zhi-Yong , Guo Ze-Qing , Du Ming-Ming , He Juan , Wu Tao , Ye Liu
Published: September 2024

Quantum steering ellipsoids (QSEs) can serve as a useful geometric tool for describing both the strength and type of quantum correlations between two subsystems of a compound system. By employing the quantum renormalization-group method, we focus on investigating the relation between QSEs and the quantum phase transition (QPT) in the anisotropic spin XY model. The results indicate that the QPT is well visualized in terms of the shape of the QSE, i.e. it is an oblate spheroid in the spin-fluid phase and a needle in the Néel phase. Meanwhile, after several iterations of renormalization, the QSE volume V undergoes a contraction mutation, and can develop two saturated values at the critical points associated with the QPT, which correspond to two different phases: the spin-fluid phase and the Néel phase. We also find that the QSE is closely associated with quantum entanglement in the model, i.e. the volume of the QSE between blocks is more than 4π/81 when the system is in the spin-fluid phase, which indicates that the system must be entangled. Furthermore, the nonanalytic and scaling behaviors of the volume of the QSE have been analyzed in detail, and the results convince us that the quantum critical properties are connected with the behavior of the QSE.
Impact of ionization and transport on pedestal density structure in DIII-D and Alcator C-Mod
Authors: Mordijck S. , Chaban R.A. , Reksoatmodjo R. , Balbin-Arias J.J. , Chuang Y. , Loughran J. , Hughes J.W. , Rosenthal A.M. , Miller M.A. , Wilks T. , Laggner F.M. , Osborne T.
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the role of ionization on the pedestal structure using both measurements and modeling for H-mode plasmas on DIII-D and Alcator C-Mod to enhance our ability to predict pedestal behavior in future pilot plants. The impact of the neutral penetration depth on the pedestal density is investigated using dimensionally matching hydrogen and deuterium DIII-D H-mode discharges at low and high electron density. The DIII-D Lyman-α diagnostic measurements show that hydrogen neutrals penetrate deeper inside the plasma on both the high field and low field side, while the pedestal electron density structure is similar for both isotopes. However, as the opaqueness increases we observe that the pedestal density gradient becomes stiff, similar to prior observations on DIII-D and C-Mod (Mordijck 2020 Nuclear Fusion
60 082006). In addition, these results also confirm prior measured and modeled poloidal asymmetries in neutral densities, indicating that to make transport predictions, 2D neutral modeling is necessary. The first direct validation of SOLPS-ITER for the measured brightness, emissivity and neutral densities for three different confinement regimes on C-Mod is introduced. The SOLPS-ITER model shows good agreement, within the constrains of the model for all regimes. In addition, a comparison of SOLPS-ITER modeling for DIII-D and C-Mod shows that as opaqueness increases, the role of divertor fueling and thus poloidal asymmetries in the neutral density profiles decreases. Based on these experimental and modeling results we estimate the size of a potential particle pinch using typical values for the diffusion coefficient for both DIII-D and C-Mod H-mode discharges.
Numerical simulation analysis of thermoelectric coupling of glass fiber composites damaged by lightning strike
Authors: He Wei , Guo Shipeng
Published: September 2024

Lightning damage of composite materials is one of the research hotspots in the field of lightning protection in recent years. In order to study the lightning damage characteristics of glass fiber composite materials, the thermal and electrical coupling finite element analysis model of composite materials was established through the secondary development of ABAQUS software, and the USDFLD subroutine was added to the thermoelectric coupling module. The damage characteristics of composite laminates under lightning strikes are simulated. When the composite material is hit by lightning, the resistance will be heated to produce high temperature. Judging the damage degree of the composite material based on temperature, it is found that the lightning damage is mainly concentrated in the early stage of lightning current loading, and the lightning energy in the early stage is large, which causes the high temperature damage of the laminates. The lightning electric field is distributed symmetrically in the direction of the fiber with the highest electrical conductivity.
Immuno-virological and Clinical Follow-up of Persons Living With HIV-2 (PWHIV-2) Receiving Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate (BIC/FTC/TAF): A Retrospective Study
Authors: Joly Véronique , Ferré Valentine M , Le Hingrat Quentin , Peytavin Gilles , Cresta Mélanie , Charpentier Charlotte , Digumber Marc , Damond Florence , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Matheron Sophie , Descamps Diane , Ghosn Jade
Published: September 2024

This retrospective study evaluated Bictegravir (BIC)/emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in 24 persons living with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2, PWHIV-2), 5 naive and 19 pretreated. After a median follow-up of 37.5 months, all PWHIV-2 had a plasma viral load <40 copies/mL. Median CD4 count increased significantly from 580 to 625 cells/mm3, suggesting the effectiveness of BIC/FTC/TAF to treat HIV-2 infection.