bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the MAPPING application to facilitate risk communication and shared decision-making between physicians and patients with gynaecological cancer
Authors: Koning Mijra , Lok Christianne , Ubbink Dirk T , Aarts Johanna Wilhelmina Maria
Published: August 2024

This is an observational study in which we evaluated current levels of risk communication (RC) among gynaecological oncologists and their view on the Mapping All Patient Probabilities in Numerical Graphs (MAPPING) application as a possible tool to facilitate RC and shared decision-making (SDM). In part A, we audio-recorded 29 conversations between gynaecological oncologists and patients when discussing treatment options. In part B, interviews were performed with eight gynaecological oncologists.

RC and SDM were measured using two observer-based measures, that is, the RC content (RCC) tool (scale 0–2) and the OPTION-5 instrument (scale 0–100). We used CollaboRATE questionnaire (scale 0–10) and a self-developed survey to assess patient-reported RC and SDM. In part B, we evaluated physicians’ attitudes regarding the use of the MAPPING application to support RC. Patients were minimally involved in the decision-making process (OPTION-5 25.9%±13.4 RCC 0.21±0.18). Patient-reported SDM was high (mean collaboRATE score 9.19±1.79) and patients preferred receiving numeric information, whereas most physicians used qualitative risk terms rather than exact numbers. In part B, gynaecologists had a positive attitude towards the MAPPING application. However, they stated that the app was difficult to use improvement of layout and better implementations are needed.
Stakeholders’ engagement with law to address gender-based violence in Southwest Nigeria: a qualitative study using normalisation process theory to explore implementation challenges
Authors: Ikuteyijo Olutoyin Opeyemi , Martin Hilber Adriane , Fatusi Adesegun Olayiwola , Akinyemi Akanni Ibukun , Merten Sonja
Published: August 2024

Background

Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a significant issue in Nigeria. In 2015, the Federal Government of Nigeria enacted the Violence Against Persons Prohibition Act (VAPP) to address all forms of violence. This study explored the challenges faced by stakeholders in implementing VAPP for the reduction of SGBV in Nigeria.

Methods

Qualitative data were collected from 29 state and non-state actors, including government officials, police and lawyers in Lagos and Oyo States through informant interviews and using normalisation process theory. Data collection involved a review of policies and programmes and their experience regarding the implementation of VAPP.

Findings

The implementation of the VAPP Act faces several challenges, including prolonged delays in the family court system, insufficient human resources, bureaucratic obstacles, impunity, overcrowded shelters and inadequate protection for survivors and witnesses. These issues often lead to delays and stalling in securing justice for survivors.

Conclusion

The effective implementation of antiviolence laws requires overcoming significant obstacles. Collaboration among stakeholders, adequate funding and resources are critical to ensuring timely justice and reducing SGBV in Nigeria.
Quality improvement project aiming to reduce inappropriate use of abdominal x-rays in the ED
Authors: Love Sam , Mount Alexander , Kinch Lucy , Kugan Suren , Vora Arjun , Davies Teifion
Published: August 2024

Background

There is compelling evidence that AXRs have limited clinical value in the acute setting. Despite this, they are frequently used in many EDs. This quality improvement project (QIP) aimed to reduce unnecessary AXR use in a single-centre ED.

Method

All consecutive AXRs conducted on patients aged 16 years and above in a District General Hospital ED in England between 2 August 2021 and 5 June 2022 were included. This period of time was divided into a pre-intervention and intervention period, during which iterative plan–do–study–act cycles were undertaken to implement a wide range of educational and system level interventions.

Results

501 AXRs were performed during the QIP. The average number of AXRs per fortnight fell from 27.5 during the preintervention period to 17.6 during the intervention period and met criteria for special cause variation. No special cause variation in CT usage was observed, with an average number of 70.7 and 74 CT abdomen–pelvis scans during the preintervention and intervention periods, respectively. 119 (23.8%) AXRs showed acute and clinically significant findings, and of this group 118/119 (99.2%) underwent further imaging. In contrast, 382 (76.2%) AXRs had no acute or clinically significant findings, and of this group 344/382 (90.1%) proceeded to further imaging.

Conclusion

In this single-centre QIP, coordinated multidisciplinary interventions were effective in reducing unnecessary AXR usage without resulting in excess CTs. The methods and interventions described are easily reproducible at minimal expense and may be of interest to other departments undertaking quality improvement work in this area.
Sexual dysfunction is prevalent in IBD but underserved: a need to expand specialised IBD care
Authors: Elford Alexander Thomas , Beattie William , Downie Andrew , Kaushik Varun , Mitchell Jeni , Prentice Ralley , Al-Ani Aysha H , Segal Jonathan , Christensen Britt
Published: August 2024

Objective

Sexual dysfunction is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Data on IBD disease activity and IBD patients’ desire to seek specialist advice regarding sexual dysfunction are lacking. We aimed to identify sexual healthcare needs in patients with IBD.

Design/method

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adult patients with IBD at a tertiary teaching hospital. Clinical disease activity was assessed using the Harvey-Bradshaw Index for patients with Crohn’s disease and the Patient-Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index for patients with ulcerative colitis. Sexual health questions were derived from the validated IBD-Specific Female Sexual Dysfunction and IBD-Male Sexual Dysfunction Scales. Comparisons between those with inactive and active disease were made using Fisher’s exact test.

Results

101 respondents completed the survey, of which 53 (52%) were female and 57 (56%) had Crohn’s disease. The median age was 38 (IQR 28–52). 34 respondents (34%) had active disease. Respondents with active Crohn’s disease trended towards having more significant sexual dysfunction than those in remission for all domains on the sexual dysfunction scale. 74% reported interest in accessing specialist advice regarding their sexual function while 20% have attempted to seek this advice. 36% would wish to be contacted by the IBD team if a sexual health service became available.

Conclusions

Negative impacts on sexual function were common in our cohort, particularly in the presence of active disease. Most patients with IBD are interested in obtaining advice regarding their sexual function. This is an unmet need among IBD services.
Shared germline genomic variants in two patients with double primary gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs)
Authors: Moura David S , López López Daniel , di Lernia Davide , Martin-Ruiz Marta , Lopez-Alvarez Maria , Ramos Rafael , Merino Jose , Dopazo Joaquin , Lopez-Guerrero Jose , Mondaza-Hernandez Jose L , Romero Pablo , Hindi Nadia , Garcia-Foncillas Jesus , Martin-Broto Javier
Published: August 2024

Background

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are prevalent mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, commonly exhibiting structural variations in
KIT
and
PDGFRA
genes. While the mutational profiling of somatic tumours is well described, the genes behind the susceptibility to develop GIST are not yet fully discovered. This study explores the genomic landscape of two primary GIST cases, aiming to identify shared germline pathogenic variants and shed light on potential key players in tumourigenesis.

Methods

Two patients with distinct genotypically and phenotypically GISTs underwent germline whole genome sequencing. CNV and single nucleotide variant (SNV) analyses were performed.

Results

Both patients harbouring low-risk GISTs with different mutations (
PDGFRA
and
KIT
) shared homozygous germline pathogenic deletions in both
CFHR1
and
CFHR3
genes. CNV analysis revealed additional shared pathogenic deletions in other genes such as
SLC25A24
. No particular pathogenic SNV shared by both patients was detected.

Conclusion

Our study provides new insights into germline variants that can be associated with the development of GISTs, namely,
CFHR1
and
CFHR3
deep deletions. Further functional validation is warranted to elucidate the precise contributions of identified germline mutations in GIST development.
Sensitivity of classification criteria from time of diagnosis in an incident systemic lupus erythematosus cohort: a population-based study from Norway
Authors: Haukeland Hilde , Moe Sigrid Reppe , Brunborg Cathrine , Botea Antonela , Damjanic Nenad , Wivestad Gro Årthun , Øvreås Heidi Kverneggen , Bøe Thea Bjerkestrand , Orre Anniken , Torhild Garen , Sanner Helga , Lerang Karoline , Molberg Øyvind
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To compare the sensitivity of 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria against 1997 ACR criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), for incident SLE cases in the presumably complete population-based Nor-SLE cohort from Southeast Norway (2.9 million inhabitants).

Methods

All cases International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) coded as SLE during 2000–2017 were individually reviewed. Those with a confirmed SLE diagnosis by expert clinical assessment were included in the Nor-SLE cohort. Core clinical data were recorded, and the cases were classified according to 2019 EULAR/ACR and 1997 ACR criteria. Juvenile SLE was defined as <16 years at diagnosis and adult SLE was defined as ≥16 years at diagnosis.

Results

We included 737 incident SLE cases (701 adults, 36 juveniles). At diagnosis, 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria were more sensitive than 1997 ACR criteria for adults (91.6% vs 77.3%; p<0.001), but not for juveniles (97.2% vs 88.9%). The 2019 EULAR/ACR counts at diagnosis differed by age group and ethnicity, being higher in young cases and those originating from Asia. From time of diagnosis to study end the fulfilment rate of 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria for the adult cohort increased from 92.5% and 86.5% to 94.6% and 91.0%, respectively, for females and males (mean disease duration of 7.5 years).

Conclusion

Showing 92% criteria fulfilment already at time of SLE diagnosis by 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria versus 77% by 1997 ACR criteria, the results from this population-based study suggest that the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria will achieve its goal of capturing more early-SLE cases for clinical trials.
Osimerinib haematological toxicities in non-small cell lung cancer: a randomised controlled trials meta-analysis
Authors: Xiong Fangfang , Shen Yunzhu , Liu Ting , Zhang Yin , Jiang Xuehui
Published: August 2024

Objective

Osimertinib plays a crucial role in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the haematological toxicities caused by osimertinib in such a population have not been well characterised. This analysis was performed to determine the incidence of osimertinib-related haematological toxicity in patients with NSCLC.

Method

A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Eligible studies were included to describe the pooled incidences of anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia secondary to osimertinib in NSCLC patients.

Results

1288 patients from 10 studies were enrolled in this study. The overall incidences of osimertinib-related all-grade anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in NSCLC patients were 21.1% (95% CI 10.9% to 33.3%), 14.6% (95% CI 5.9% to 26.1%) and 28.4% (95% CI 12.4% to 47.6%), respectively. In items of high-grade haematological toxicities, there were 0.5% (95% CI 0.1% to 1.1%) for anaemia, 2.0% (95% CI 0.3% to 4.6%) for neutropenia and 0.4% (95% CI 0% to 1.1%) for thrombocytopenia.

Conclusions

There is non-negligible haematological toxicity associated with osimertinib, and it should be taken seriously.
Obesity and brain volumes: mediation by cardiometabolic and inflammatory measures
Authors: Zhou Qi , Zhu Wanlin , Cai Xueli , Jing Jing , Wang Mengxing , Wang Suying , Jin Aoming , Meng Xia , Wei Tiemin , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong
Published: August 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between overall obesity, central obesity and brain volumes, as well as to determine the extent to which cardiometabolic and inflammatory measures act as mediators in the association between body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and brain volumes.

Methods

In the context of counterfactual framework, mediation analysis was used to explore the potential mediation in which cardiometabolic and inflammatory measures may mediate the relationship between BMI, WHR, and brain volumes.

Results

Among 2413 community-dwelling participants, those with high BMI or WHR levels experienced an approximately brain ageing of 4 years. Especially, individuals with high WHR or BMI under the age of 65 exhibited white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) differences equivalent to around 5 years of ageing. Conversely, in the high-level WHR population over the age of 65, premature brain ageing in gray matter volume (GMV) exceeded 4.5 years. For GMV, more than 45% of the observed effect of WHR was mediated by glycaemic metabolism indicators. This proportion increases to 78.70% when blood pressure, triglyceride, leucocyte count, and neutrophil count are jointly considered with glycaemic metabolism indicators. Regarding WHR and BMI’s association with WMHV, cardiometabolic and inflammatory indicators, along with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mediated 35.50% and 20.20% of the respective effects.

Conclusions

Overall obesity and central obesity were associated with lower GMV and higher WMHV, a process that is partially mediated by the presence of cardiometabolic and inflammatory measures.
Anaesthesia modality on endovascular therapy outcomes in patients with large infarcts: a post hoc analysis of the ANGEL-ASPECT trial
Authors: Liang Fa , Zhang Kangda , Wu Youxuan , Wang Xinyan , Hou Xuan , Yu Yun , Wang Yunzhen , Wang Mengxing , Pan Yuesong , Huo Xiaochuan , Han Ruquan , Miao Zhongrong
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Endovascular therapy (EVT) now penetrates the once obscure realm of large infarct core volume acute ischaemic stroke (LICV-AIS). This research aimed to investigate the potential correlation between different anaesthetic approaches and post-EVT outcomes in LICV-AIS patients.

Methods

Between October 2020 and May 2022, the China ANGEL-Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECT) trial studied patients with LICV-AIS, randomly assigning them to the best medical management (BMM) or BMM with EVT. This post hoc subgroup analysis categorised subjects receiving BMM with EVT into general anaesthesia (GA) and non-GA groups based on anaesthesia type. We applied multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between anaesthesia during EVT and patient functional outcomes, as measured by the modified Rankin scale (mRS), in addition to the occurrence of complications. Further adjustment for selection bias was achieved through propensity score matching (PSM).

Results

In total, 230 patients with LICV-AIS were enrolled (GA 84 vs Non-GA 146). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the proportion of patients who achieved an mRS score of 0–2 at 90 days (27.4% for the GA group vs 31.5% for the non-GA group, p=0.51). However, the GA group had significantly longer median surgical times (142 min vs 122 min, p=0.03). Furthermore, GA was associated with an increased risk of postoperative pneumonia (adjusted OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.98). The results of PSM analysis agreed with the results of the multivariate regression analysis. No significant difference in intracranial haemorrhage incidence or mortality rate was observed between the groups.

Conclusion

This post hoc analysis of subgroups of the ANGEL-ASPECT trial suggested that there may be no significant association between the choice of anaesthesia and neurological outcomes in LICV-AIS patients. However, compared with non-GA, GA prolongs the duration of EVT and is associated with a greater postoperative pneumonia risk.

Trial registration number

NCT04551664.
Association of pediatric firearm injury with neighborhood social deprivation in Philadelphia
Authors: Kauffman Jeremy , Nance Michael , Cannon Jeremy W , Sakran Joseph Victor , Haut Elliott R , Scantling Dane R , Rozycki Grace , Byrne James P
Published: August 2024

Background

Firearm-related injury is the leading cause of death among children and adolescents. There is a need to clarify the association of neighborhood environment with gun violence affecting children. We evaluated the relative contribution of specific social determinants to observed rates of firearm-related injury in children of different ages.

Methods

This was a population-based study of firearm injury in children (age <18 years) that occurred in Philadelphia census tracts (2015–2021). The exposure was neighborhood Social Deprivation Index (SDI) quintile. The outcome was the rate of pediatric firearm injury due to interpersonal violence stratified by age, sex, race, and year. Hierarchical negative binomial regression measured the risk-adjusted association between SDI quintile and pediatric firearm injury rate. The relative contribution of specific components of the SDI to neighborhood risk of pediatric firearm injury was estimated. Effect modification and the role of specific social determinants were evaluated in younger (<15 years old) versus older children.

Results

927 children were injured due to gun violence during the study period. Firearm-injured children were predominantly male (87%), of black race (89%), with a median age of 16 (IQR 15–17). Nearly one-half of all pediatric shootings (47%) occurred in the quintile of highest SDI (Q5). Younger children represented a larger proportion of children shot in neighborhoods within the highest (Q5), compared with the lowest (Q1), SDI quintile (25% vs 5%; p<0.007). After risk adjustment, pediatric firearm-related injury was strongly associated with increasing SDI (Q5 vs Q1; aRR 14; 95% CI 6 to 32). Specific measures of social deprivation (poverty, incomplete schooling, single-parent homes, and rented housing) were associated with significantly greater increases in firearm injury risk for younger, compared with older, children. Component measures of the SDI explained 58% of observed differences between neighborhoods.

Conclusions

Neighborhood measures of social deprivation are strongly associated with firearm-related injury in children. Younger children appear to be disproportionately affected by specific adverse social determinants compared with older children. Root cause evaluation is required to clarify the interaction with other factors such as the availability of firearms and interpersonal conflict that place children at risk in neighborhoods where gun violence is common.

Level of evidence

Level III - Observational Study
Variation in estuary use patterns of juvenile Chinook salmon in the Fraser River, BC
Authors: Scott David C. , Chalifour Lia , MacDuffee Misty , Baum Julia K. , Beacham Terry , Rondeau Eric , Hinch Scott G.
Published: August 2024

Juvenile Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) use estuary habitats to varying degrees with some species and populations thought to rely heavily on these areas for early growth. In the Fraser River, British Columbia, there are 18 distinct conservation units of Chinook salmon ( O. tshawytscha), and all but one is of conservation concern. Our study compares the outmigration timing, size, and habitat use of juvenile Chinook salmon in the Fraser River estuary. Over 5 years (2016–2020), we captured 6493 juvenile Chinook salmon, with 3318 sampled for stock identification. Fraser River Chinook salmon extensively used estuary habitats, but patterns varied considerably by population. Juvenile Chinook salmon from the Lower Fraser River were most abundant and present the longest, arriving the smallest in late March and early April, and captured until July. South Thompson ocean-type Chinook salmon entered the estuary later, starting to arrive in late May or early June and remaining present until mid-August. Overall, juvenile Chinook salmon varied considerably in their estuary use across populations. Understanding this variation can inform differences in productivity and guide recovery actions.
Relativistic hydrodynamics with phase transition
Authors: Taghinavaz F.
Published: August 2024

Assessing the applicability of hydrodynamic expansions close to phase transition points is crucial from either theoretical or phenomenological points of view. We explore this within the gauge/gravity duality, using the Einstein–Klein–Gordon model, a bottom-up string theory construction. This model incorporates a parameter, $$B_4$$

B
4

, that simulates different types of phase transitions in the strongly coupled field theory existing at the boundary. We thoroughly examine the thermodynamics and dynamics of time-dependent, linearized perturbations in the spin-2, spin-1, and spin-0 sectors. Our findings suggest that ‘hydrodynamic series breakdown near transition points” is valid exclusively for second-order phase transitions, not for crossovers or first-order phase transitions. Additionally, we observe that the high-temperature and low-temperature limits of the radius of convergence for the hydrodynamic series ($$q^2_c$$

q
c
2

) are equal. We also discover that the relationship $$(\text {Max}|q^2_c|)_{\text {spin-2}}< (\text {Max}|q^2_c|)_{\text {spin-0}} < (\text {Max}|q^2_c|)_{\text {spin-1}}$$

(
Max
|

q
c
2

|
)

spin-2

<
(
Max
|

q
c
2

|
)

spin-0

<
(
Max
|

q
c
2

|
)

spin-1

is consistent for different spin sectors, regardless of the phase transition type. At the chaos point, we observe the emergence of pole-skipping behavior for both gravity and scalar perturbations at $$\omega _n = -2\pi T n i$$

ω
n

=
-
2
π
T
n
i

. Lastly, comparing the chaos momentum with $$q^2_c$$

q
c
2

, we find that $$q^2_{ps} < q^2_c$$

q

ps

2

<

q
c
2

, except for extremely high temperatures.
Dynamics and collision of particles in modified black-bounce geometry
Authors: Nishonov Isomiddin , Zahid Muhammad , Khan Saeed Ullah , Rayimbaev Javlon , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon
Published: August 2024

In the present work, we first regularize a black hole spacetime in modified gravity (MOG) in the presence of the scalar-tensor-vector (STV) field, called the Schwarzschild MOG black hole, under the transformation $$r^2 \rightarrow r^2 + a^2$$

r
2

→

r
2

+

a
2

, known as the Simpson–Visser (SV) spacetime (where a is regularization or black-bounce parameter). The spacetime can represent a black hole and a wormhole. We analyze horizon properties and calculate the effective mass of the spacetime. Also, we find black hole-wormhole regions in black-bounce and MOG parameter spacetime. We also analyze scalar invariants of spacetime, such as the Ricci scalar, the square of the Ricci tensor, and the Kretchmann scalar. We study test particle motion in the SV-MOG spacetime by considering the interaction between the particle and the STV field. We investigate how the STV fields change the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs), energy, and angular momentum of the test particle’s ISCO. It is shown that the ISCO decreases in the presence of the black bounce parameter and increases in the STV field. We also study the collisions of test particles and analyze how the MOG and black-bounce parameters influence the critical angular momentum of colliding particles and their center of mass energy.
Phase diagram of the topologically frustrated XY chain
Authors: Sacco Shaikh Daniel , Catalano Alberto Giuseppe , Cavaliere Fabio , Franchini Fabio , Sassetti Maura , Traverso Ziani Niccolò
Published: August 2024

Landau theory’s implicit assumption that microscopic details cannot affect the global phases has been challenged only recently in systems such as antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains with periodic boundary conditions. The new paradigm of topological frustration has been accordingly put forward. In this context, the quantum phases exhibit a dependence on the boundary conditions. In this work, we show that topological frustration modifies the zero temperature phase diagram of the XY chain in a transverse magnetic field by inducing new boundary quantum phase transitions. Here, by boundary quantum phase transitions we mean non-analyticities that are non-extensive in the number of particles. Such transitions are both of first and second order. Moreover, we come across the first case of second order boundary quantum phase transition characterized by a quartic dispersion relation. Our analytical results are supported by both analytical calculations and numerical investigations, and lay the foundation for understanding the phase diagram of frustrated model.
Cosmographic analysis of anisotropic Kaniadakis holographic dark energy model
Authors: Murali K. , Aditya Y. , Vali S. Kalesha
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we investigate the anisotropic and spatially homogeneous Bianchi type-I universe with Kaniadakis holographic dark energy in Saez–Ballester [Phys. Lett. A 113, 467 (1986)] theory of gravitation. We determine Kaniadakis holographic dark energy model by assuming a correlation between the metric potentials to solve the field equations of the model. This results in a dynamical deceleration parameter which demonstrates an accelerating expansion of the universe. Our model’s equation of state parameter [Formula: see text] close to [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] model) at late-times and is in agreement with the most recent observations. Next, we obtained the squared sound speed ([Formula: see text]) and found that it is positive, implying stability against perturbations. The [Formula: see text] plane is constructed to investigate the evolution of the models’ EoS parameter turned out to be in a freezing zone. As should be the case in an expanding universe, the strong energy conditions of the model are violated. Statefinders [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] planes were also examined. Our model includes the Chaplygin gas, [Formula: see text] limit, and is inclined towards the steady-state model.
Barrow entropic cosmology with exponential potential field
Authors: Karabat M. Faruk
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we consider an exponential potential [Formula: see text] in the framework of Barrow entropy under the constant-roll inflation and check their viability in the light of observable Planck 2020 data. By applying the first law of thermodynamics to the apparent horizon of the Universe, a modification of the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metric is derived in the context of Barrow entropy. We consider the early inflationary period of the universe to consist phenomenologically of a single inflationary state, that is, a state of the costant-roll inflation in which inflation is driven by an exponential potential field function. By fitting the constant-roll inflationary models to the observations, we examined the effect of the Barrow parameter [Formula: see text] on the inflation mechanism with the constant-roll parameter [Formula: see text]. As a result, we concluded that for a viable inflation, the observation limits of the inflation parameters determine that the constant-roll parameter is in the range [Formula: see text].
A quantum designated multi-verifiers signature scheme based on LIOP states
Authors: Zhang Ling , Gui Qi , Xin Xiang-Jun , Li Chao-Yang
Published: August 2024

Based on a set of locally indistinguishable orthogonal product (LIOP) states, a quantum designated multi-verifier signature scheme (LIOP-QDMVS) is proposed. In this scheme, each verifier can independently verify partial signature without exchanging information with other verifiers. The protocol can address the issue of excessive power from individual verifiers, as the signature is accepted as valid only when all verifiers confirm its validity. Additionally, all designated verifiers can collaborate to simulate signatures from the signer, that achieve the non-transferability and source hiding of the protocol. Furthermore, the scheme does not require any third-party involvement, and no entangled states need to be prepared during signature generation. It is proven that the LIOP-QDMVS owns unforgeability, correctness, theoretical information security, and designated verifier properties, as well as it is resistant to replay attacks and impersonation attacks. Therefore, LIOP-QDMVS offers better security and efficiency.
Primordial dust universe in the Hořava–Lifshitz theory
Authors: Oliveira Castro Júnior A. , Oliveira-Neto G. , Monerat G. A.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we apply quantum cosmology to investigate the early moments of a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) cosmological model, using Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) as the gravitational theory. The matter content of the model is a dust perfect fluid. We start studying the classical model. Then, we write the total Hamiltonian of the model, quantize it and find the appropriate Wheeler–DeWitt equation. In order to avoid factor ordering ambiguities, in the Wheeler–DeWitt equation, we introduce a canonical transformation. We solve that equation using the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation and compute the tunneling probabilities for the birth of that universe ([Formula: see text]). Since the WKB wave function depends on the dust energy and the free coupling constants coming from the HL theory, we compute the behavior of [Formula: see text] as a function of all these quantities.
Double formant PCF-SPR sensor with high sensitivity and wide detection range for detecting analytes with low refractive indexes
Authors: Luo Xingdi , Liu Wei , Lu Xili , Lv Jingwei , Yang Lin , Liu Qiang , Chu Paul K. , Liu Chao
Published: August 2024

A double U-shaped PCF-SPR sensor is proposed for the detection of analytes with low refractive indexes (RI). The U-shaped structure facilitates the penetration of analytes. Compared with a single formant sensor, the sensor exhibits double formant characteristics. Therefore, the analytes to be measured can be identified more accurately. This study employs the finite element method (FEM) to analyze the sensor. The findings suggest that the sensor is capable of detecting analytes with low RI ranging from 1.15 to 1.33 over an ultra-wide wavelength range of 800–6400[Formula: see text]nm. The maximum wavelength sensitivities of the first and second peaks of the sensor are 54,300[Formula: see text]nm/RIU and 60,000[Formula: see text]nm/RIU, respectively. In addition, this paper introduces double peak shift sensitivity (DPSS), the highest DPSS value is 55,700[Formula: see text]nm/RIU. Owing to these distinct characteristics, the sensor has great application prospects in the field of biosensing, especially in drug detection.
Diverse solitary wave structures to the conformable time fractional equations through two powerful methods
Authors: Seadawy Aly R. , Ali Asghar , Bekir Ahmet , Altalbe Ali
Published: August 2024

In this paper, novel soliton solutions to the conformable time fractional Benjamin–Bona–Mahony and seventh-order time fractional Sawada–Kotera–Ito equations are investigated via application of two mathematical methods. These models are reformulated into a fractional order derivative by applying the conformable derivative operator. The derived solutions have been obtained including periodic and solitons solutions in the form of trigonometric, hyperbolic and exponential function solutions. For physical phenomena of concern models, some solutions are plotted in two-dimensional and three-dimensional by assigning the particular values to the parameters under the constrain conditions with the assistance of Mathematica software. Hence, all results obtained by our proposed methods are novel and have not been yet reported in any literature. Moreover, the proposed schemes are enormously superbly mathematical tools to review wave solutions of several fractional models in nonlinear science.
Dynamic Interpersonal Processes at Work: Taking Social Interactions Seriously
Authors: Lehmann-Willenbrock Nale
Published: August 2024

Dynamic interpersonal processes are the core foundation of many phenomena of interest to organizational psychology and organizational behavior scholars. This article views the organization as a system of social interaction. From this vantage point, I present a selective review of the current literature that supports a behavioral interaction perspective of interpersonal processes at work. I organize insights into phenomena such as (emergent) leadership, team processes, change management, coaching, selection, and negotiation according to the respective interaction constellation (i.e., dyadic, group, or across the organizational boundary). For each of these constellations, I highlight key empirical insights into behavioral interaction dynamics at the core of each interpersonal phenomenon. I discuss gaps and derive commonalities across different interaction constellations. To promote the consistent pursuit of a social interaction perspective and theory-method alignment, I derive a future research agenda including methodological recommendations for identifying meaningful patterns of social interaction at work.
Microstructural Analysis of Deposited Alkali Metal in “Anode-Free” Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Fuchs Till , Ortmann Till , Becker Juri , Haslam Catherine , Richter Felix H. , Sakamoto Jeff , Janek Jürgen
Published: August 2024

Lithium metal as an anode material can greatly boost energy and power density in solid-state batteries.[1] However, challenges like local contact loss and dendrite growth limit the applicable current density. It was shown previously that the lithium microstructure can greatly influence the electrochemical performance of lithium, e.g. the stripping capacity until pore formation occurs.[2]

Solid-state-batteries (SSBs) manufactured without the use of an alkali metal reservoir are under intense investigation, as they may enable unmatched energy densities without the need to handle reactive and inherently unsafe alkali metal foils. In these reservoir-free cells (RFCs) the alkali metal is usually stored in the discharged cathode active material upon assembly and thus only deposited at the anode current collector within the first charging step. However, despite its expected influence on the electrochemical performance, the microstructure of freshly deposited lithium has yet to be analyzed. Up to now, the lack of a combination of suitable preparation and analyses tools restrict any study of the microstructure of thin alkali metal films.

Within this study, we designed a workflow to reliably analyze the microstructure of thermally processed lithium and sodium films. Using a combination of cryogenic focused ion beam (FIB) preparation and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD), we were able to exclude any recrystallization during room temperature storage or FIB preparation. Therefore, this newly developed workflow was further used to study the microstructure of otherwise buried alkali metal films, which were deposited in so called “anode-free” or reservoir free cell designs.

Our analyses show that the grain size of plated alkali metal films is independent on the microstructure of used current collector and generally consists of very large grains, albeit not as large as as-bought foil. Even more interesting, every single deposited film consists solely of columnar grains with grain boundaries oriented perpendicular to the solid electrolyte interface, marking a clear difference to using an alkali metal foil as the anode. Our results are confirmed at two different RFCs, namely Cu|LLZO|Li and Steel|LPSCl|Li. Generally, we believe our research on metal anodes will open up the possibility of tackling more advanced scientific questions previously impossible to answer.

(1) Krauskopf, T., Richter, F. H., Zeier, W. G. & Janek, J. Physicochemical Concepts of the Lithium Metal Anode in Solid-State Batteries. Chem. Rev. 120, 7745–7794 (2020).

(2) Singh, D. K., Fuchs, T. et al. Origin of the lithium metal anode instability in solid-state batteries during discharge. Matter
6, 1463–1483 (2023).
Unveiling the Origins of “Memory Effects” in Thick Electrodes through 2D XRF-XANES Mapping and Modeling
Authors: Li Zeyuan , Wang Fan , Wang Hongxuan , Wang Zhaoshun , Yang Yang , Liu Yangtao , Terlier Tanguy , Wang Yan , Gao Yuan , Tang Ming
Published: August 2024

Making electrodes much thicker than the current commercial lithium-ion batteries is a promising approach to further increase the energy density of rechargeable batteries by reducing the weight/volume fraction of inactive components at the battery cell level. However, thick electrodes suffer inferior rate performance as non-uniform reaction develops within the electrode due to the increased ionic and electronic transport distances, which reduces the capacity utilization. In this work, we demonstrate yet another challenge faced by the application of thick electrodes (>100 µm), that is, they exhibit pronounced “memory effect” that is not seen in their thin electrode counterpart. While “memory effect” was initially observed in nickel-cadmium and nickel metal-hybrid batteries, which experience capacity reduction upon repeated shallow discharging, here we use the terminology to refer to the phenomenon that the (dis)charging performance of a lithium-ion battery depends on its cycling history. An example is illustrated in Figure 1, which shows the 2C discharge capacity of a 150μm-thick LiFePO4 electrode in a half cell when it starts from an initial state of charge (SoC) at 50%. Our experiment reveals that the discharge capacity has a strong dependence on how the electrode was first brought to the initial state. When it is charged to 50% SoC at 1.5C, the subsequent discharge capacity is 137% larger compared to when it is discharged to the same SoC at 1.5C. Similar phenomenon is also observed in another mainstream cathode NMC622. We show that such memory effect is caused by the reaction polarization present in the thick electrodes. To this end, 2D X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were employed to characterize the reaction distribution within the electrodes, and its correlation to the (dis)charging kinetics and OCV relaxation were investigated by electrochemical testing and pseudo-2D battery simulation. Our study highlights the issues created by the memory effect on the capacity prediction and SoC determination, which need to be addressed to develop a better battery management system for thick-electrode-based battery cells and packs.

Figure 1
Modeling a High-Energy, High-Rate Li/CFx Battery with a Capacity-Contributing Electrolyte
Authors: Albertus Paul , Parke Caitlin D. , Zhang Xiyue , Baek Minsung , Wang Chunsheng
Published: August 2024

The Li/CFx primary cell has the highest specific energy of any commercialized cell, but recent funding programs (e.g., the IARPA RESILIENCE program) seek significant increases in performance beyond that achieved with current cell formulations, including both higher average rates than are typical for Li/CFx (e.g., C/3 for the RESILIENCE program) and high-rate pulses (e.g., 5C/3, also for the RESILIENCE program).1 One method to raise the specific energy beyond that of current commercial cells is to also obtain capacity from the electrolyte (i.e., to use a capacity-contributing electrolyte).2,3 This should occur after the CFx has been mostly consumed. The present talk will briefly introduce experimental results demonstrating the operation of a capacity-contributing electrolyte in a Li/CFx cell, and then focus on our 0-D modeling framework that includes three reactants (CFx, salt, and solvent), a cathode that undergoes volume expansion during discharge (based on the molar volumes of the reactants and products), and the growth of resistive electrolyte products.4 Our base case cell design is for a ~750 Wh/kg cell. We demonstrate the behavior of our model formulation for a C/3 average rate with two 5C/3 one-minute pulses (one at 99% and one at 20% SOC, based on the capacity of the CFx and capacity-contributing electrolyte). We find that there is significant cathode swell during discharge (i.e., 10s of %) that affects the cell polarization, and the electrochemical behavior of the 20% SOC pulse is highly dependent on the thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport properties of the salt and solvent reactants and products. Our modeling framework can be applied to additional chemistries with multiple active materials, significant electrode thickness changes, and resistive electrolyte products.

1. https://www.iarpa.gov/research-programs/resilience

2. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 19, 6874–6877

3. Adv. Mater., 2015, 27, 3473–3483

4. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 158 (5) A504-A510 (2011)
A New Insight into the Mechanical Behavior of Llzo through Experimental Pillar Compression and Molecular Dynamic Modeling
Authors: Moon Jaron V , Sakir Takmil , Xie Rui , Go Wooseok , Tucker Mike C , Doeff Marca M. , Wang Haoran , Warren Roseanne
Published: August 2024

The transition to safe, high-energy-dense battery designs assumes the implementation of an all-solid-state lithium metal design. Solid electrolytes commonly short due to mechanical failure, where lithium dendrites will protrude into the surface until the anode and cathode are electrically connected. This phenomenon can be suppressed through materials engineering, i.e. designing solid electrolytes with specific mechanical properties. This work, for the first time, presents the measured compressive fracture strength of the oxide-based solid electrolyte. Fracture strength was measured using pillar compression with a flat punch tip and in-situ SEM imaging. Experimental validation of the measured fracture strength was completed using molecular dynamic modeling (MD), exploring the relationship of localized porosity to mechanical properties. Milled pillars (3 μm diameter) in the LLZO solid electrolyte show a linear relationship between the compressive yield strength and Young’s modulus, showing defects (porosity, cracks, voids, impurities, etc.) have a strong relationship on the ceramic’s physical response. MD modeling was used to introduce porosity to show the localized effect of porosity on the Young’s modulus and yield strength, providing strong evidence that localized porosity in the pillars may account for the substantial reduction in compressive yield strength. These insights shed light on the mechanical properties and electrochemical performance of LLZO, offering valuable guidance for the design of high-performance solid-state batteries.

Figure 1
Investigating Li-Ion Depletion during Fast Charging with Operando FTIR
Authors: Meyer Lydia , Brow Ryan , Weddle Peter J , Colclasure Andrew , Porter Jason
Published: August 2024

Lithium-ion concentration polarization and slow ionic transport in the electrolyte phase hinder fast charging of electric vehicle batteries and can cause cell degradation. Although pseudo-2D (P2D) models capture concentration polarization phenomena during fast charging, experimental measurements of Li-ion concentration in the electrolyte phase have been limited. In this research, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and attenuated total reflection (ATR) were used to collect operando optical measurements of Li-ion concentration in a high-loading graphite/NMC811 full cell with 1.2M LiPF6 in 3/7 (wt./wt.) ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC). For this research, an optically accessible operando battery was developed that enables real-time measurements of Li-ion concentration at the back of the graphite anode near the current collector. Significant Li-ion concentration changes up to 0.5M were observed during charging at 1C, 2C, and 3C, as well as discharging at C/2, and compared with a P2D model. Both the model and the experiments showed Li-ion depletion and sinuous fluctuations at the graphite/current collector interface that indicate non-ideal behavior. These gradients likely develop due to insufficient electrolyte transport properties. This research enables novel Li-ion concentration measurements with FTIR. This research also validates P2D model physics for measuring and analyzing Li-ion concentration polarization at fast charging rates.
Title: Study of Structural Evolution of Silicon-Based Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Pope Jackson , Ban Chunmei , Rodriguez Dakota , Finegan Donal P. , Pope Jackson
Published: August 2024

The need for electrification across various sectors has led to increased demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Today’s commercial LIBs typically make use of a pure-graphite anode which offers long lifespans but a relatively meager capacity of 372 mAh/g. Silicon, by comparison, offers a theoretical capacity of 3600 mAh/g but generally suffers from short life spans due to numerous effects. Combining silicon and graphite active materials to form a composite anode can result in electrodes with improved capacities over pure-graphite systems and enhanced longevity over pure-silicon ones. However, introducing silicon to an otherwise stable graphite electrode can induce failure of the electrode partly due to the volumetric expansion/contraction that silicon experiences during lithiation/delithiation cycles. Understanding the morphological evolution of silicon particles in composite electrodes - particularly in a lithiated state - can yield a more comprehensive understanding of the interactions between the active materials which will contribute to the realization of anodes with improved capacities and lifespans. To date, characterizing lithiated silicon-containing anodes has been difficult owing to the reactivity of the lithiated materials and a lack of suitable methods to probe within an electrode’s bulk. In this work, we demonstrate recent successes in imaging lithiated silicon-composite and silicon oxide-composite electrodes via micro and nanoscale computed tomography (MicroCT, NanoCT) and electrochemical analysis to quantify (1) changes in particle size distributions over charge/discharge cycles, (2) lithium content in silicon particles as a function of depth from the electrode’s surface, (3) changes in particle morphology, and (4) electrode thickness. The development of this technique represents a significant step towards characterizing the physical behavior of silicon particles within electrodes without destroying the surrounding structures.
Controlled Electrode-Electrolyte Interphases (EEI) Formation Via Ex-Situ Interfacial Synthesis
Authors: Prasad Thapaliya Bishnu , Dai Sheng
Published: August 2024

The stability and electrochemical performance of energy storage systems are heavily influenced by their interfaces. The electrode-electrolyte interphases (EEIs) present at these interfaces are typically formed in-situ through the electrochemically induced complex interactions involving the electrode surface and bulk electronic structure, functional groups and chemical species present at the interface, and electrolyte. Given the importance of interface stability in energy storage, herein, multiple ex-situ approaches (electrochemical fluorination, ion-exchange metathesis, layer-by-layer coating) have been explored to form stable and controlled EEI that allow ion transport and limit the electron leakage. Such controlled EEI via ex-situ interfacial synthesis demonstrated significantly improved cycling stability compared to in-situ EEI formation.