bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The trade-offs of honest and dishonest signals
Authors: Zachar István , Penn Dustin
Published: December 2023

Explaining the evolution of honest versus dishonest signals has long posed a major challenge, but several recent developments should spur renewed interest in this problem. First, the Handicap Principle, which maintains that signals must be costly to be honest, has been refuted since the model that claimed to validate this idea has been shown to have been misinterpreted. Second, more recent theoretical models demonstrate that signal honesty can be maintained by condition-dependent signalling trade-offs rather than costs. Third, we propose that signalling trade-offs may provide a general theory of honest signalling under conflicts of interest. According to signalling trade-off theory, signallers that differ in quality face different trade-offs at the honest equilibrium and therefore they are bound to invest differently. Such differential trade-offs, or lack of, can explain honest vs. dishonest signals according to both experiments and models. Signalling trade-offs are found in every example of honest communication in nature under conflict of interest. Moreover, signalling trade-offs couple various fitness components, including both short-term investments into long-term fitness benefits, providing the necessary link between proximate and evolutionary explanations. Furthermore, trade-offs also provide the necessary bridge between biological and economic theories of honest communication, independently developed in parallel for decades.
Complementando inventarios biológicos con datos abiertos a través de un método semiautomatizado
Authors: Cabrera-Cruz Sergio , Aguilar López José , Villegas Patraca Rafael
Published: December 2023

Introducción: Los muestreos directos constituyen la mejor manera de documentar la riqueza biológica de un lugar, pero pueden verse limitados por diversas circunstancias. Nos preguntamos si la riqueza de especies documentada en campo puede ser complementada con datos de plataformas digitales de biodiversidad. Objetivo: Analizar si los datos de ocurrencia de especies disponibles en la Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) pueden complementar listados de especies creados con trabajo de campo y reportados en la literatura. Métodos: Comparamos listados de especies de aves disponibles en publicaciones académicas con aquellos generados usando información de GBIF para las mismas áreas de estudio utilizando el índice de disimilitud de Sorensen (βsor) y sus dos componentes (recambio βsim y anidamiento βsne). Resultados: GBIF reporta más especies (n = 26 – 232) que 14 de 24 listados consultados, pero menos (n = 12 – 114) que los otros 10. La suma de especies documentadas entre fuentes contiene hasta 246 más que las reportadas individualmente por cada una, resaltando la magnitud de riqueza de especies que puede ganarse al combinar información de ambas fuentes. βsor osciló entre 0.15 – 1, mostrando que siempre hubo diferencias entre los listados comparados. En ningún caso βsim = 0 ni βsne = 1, indicando que una fuente de información siempre listó especies ausentes en la otra y que el anidamiento de especies entre fuentes de información nunca fue total. Conclusiones: Los registros de ocurrencia de especies disponible en GBIF puede complementar la información recopilada en campo, pero ésta a su vez puede complementar los registros de GBIF, por lo que resaltamos la importancia de continuar documentando la riqueza biológica a través de trabajo de campo, especialmente en áreas poco exploradas. Proporcionamos código de R que puede ser adaptado para descargar y limpiar datos de GBIF de cualquier grupo biológico y lugar.
¿Es suficiente con devolver objetos y restos humanos a sus herederos? Una respuesta posible desde el caso chileno
Authors: González Casanova Mariela
Published: December 2023

Texto para el debate 27 de la Revista PH 111 (febrero 2024) sobre Descolonizar el museo y resignificar los monumentos: la escena del crimen.
On The Relationship Between Nutrition, The Intestinal Environment and Immune Problems
Authors: Manfred Doepp
Published: December 2023

A healthy life requires a healthy intestine. The immune system, which is localized to about 80% in the intestine, can only function properly in the presence of an intestinal symbiosis. There are many possible problems in the milieu of the intestine. When the milieu is normal, it manifests itself in the form of a bowel movement that does not smell and does not require paper for cleaning. Who can say this about themselves? This requires an individually proper diet. Hints for this are given.
Pandemics of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Clinical Use of Ezrin Peptide Therapy in Russia to Treat and Prevent Candida, Chlamydia, Trichomonas vaginalis, Syphilis, HPV and Herpes (HSV-1 & 2)
Authors: Holms Rupert D
Published: December 2023

There is a global problem of increasing incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (affecting more than ten percent of the world population), and there is a growing problem of drug and vaccine resistant infections: human ezrin peptide therapy presents a novel solution. This review summarizes the results of 17 clinical trials on the use of human ezrin peptide one (HEP-1 “Gepon”), a 14 amino acid adaptive immunity amplifying peptide registered as a pharmaceutical, which has been in use in the Russian Federation since 2001, for the treatment of a broad spectrum of sexually transmitted diseases caused by infections of bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoans. HEP-1 and RepG3 (a derivative of HEP-1) have also been successfully used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. The high prevalence of chlamydia, candida, Trichomonas vaginalis, Herpes (HSV-1 & HSV-2), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) are the result of pandemics of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that are generally increasing world-wide, particularly in women. Although treatments or vaccines are available for the various infections, the current medical interventions have not significantly reduced the growing problem. Multi-drug resistant bacterial & viral strains, and increasing sexual promiscuity are adding to the problem, so new solutions are required. In the Russian Federation, human ezrin peptide therapy with HEP-1 (brand name “Gepon”) is used to treat candida, chlamydia, Trichomonas vaginalis, herpes, and HPV infection. In addition HEP-1 (Gepon) has been shown to be effective in combination with antibiotics, for the treatment of Syphilis. Ezrin peptides induce biological responses in patients to achieve the same or better treatment results than anti-biotic, anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-protozoan pharmaceuticals, as well as enhancing adaptive protective immune responses like a vaccine. Ezrin peptides can be used as a post-infection vaccination strategy against re-infection. Human Ezrin Peptides can also overcome the rapidly growing problem of drug resistant strains of bacteria, protozoa and viruses. In addition, ezrin peptides amplify adaptive immune responses while simultaneously inhibiting expression of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFa, quickly supressing mucosal inflammation. Human Ezrin Peptides also stimulate fibroblasts to repair damaged tissues.
Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Pediatric Lyme disease
Authors: Mooberry Megan E , Becker Greta L , Voss Natalie A , Jackson J Brooks
Published: December 2023

Lyme disease remains a significant public health challenge in the United States, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest regions, and is likely to increase in the coming years with population growth to suburban areas and warmer weather. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, that is transmitted to humans through deer ticks. The presentation of Lyme disease can involve multiple systems with dermatologic, neurologic, rheumatologic, and cardiac symptoms commonly described. However, there is substantial variation in the presentation of Lyme disease, creating a challenge to diagnosis and treatment. The standard treatment for Lyme disease is administration of antibacterial agents. Although the majority of pediatric patients achieve symptom resolution with treatment, a subset continues to experience fatigue, pain, and psychological disturbances known as post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. Prevention of Lyme disease largely relies on behavioral measures such as wearing long sleeves and pants and checking for ticks given the absence of an effective vaccine. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment is also highly effective for children who have experienced a Ixodes tick bite, occurring in an endemic region with tick attachment for at least 36 hours. Although Lyme disease disproportionately impacts children, the existing literature primarily focuses on its presentation in adults. In this review, we summarize the latest literature surrounding the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease with a specific emphasis on pediatric populations and the recent advancements in vaccine development.
Modified Mono-Block Device for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Case Report and Overview
Authors: Hashim Hayder Abdallah , Ismail Mustafa Osman , Khalifa Rasheed , AL-Natsha Samia Darwish
Published: December 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea is a prevalent sleep disorder that leads to breathing pauses during sleep, causing symptoms such as tiredness, irritability, and fatigue. Various treatment options are available, including behavioral management, CPAP machines, oral devices, and surgery. The New Modified Mono-Block (MMBA) has demonstrated effectiveness and versatility in treating OSA patients and boasts its advantages over previously used devices. It is essential to seek medical advice if experiencing any symptoms of sleep apnea, and long-term treatment use can significantly improve symptoms and prevent potential complications.
Management of the Flabby Ridge Using a Special Impression Technique
Authors: R El Abdouli , S Rimaoui , S Bellemkhannate
Published: December 2023

The flabby ridge is commonly observed in the anterior region of the maxillary arch in fully edentulous patients. It is characterised by non-adherent hypertrophic mucosal lesions overlying the underlying bone, often with excessive bone resorption. Management of the flabby ridge is essential prior to the placement of a definitive prosthesis, whether by surgical resection or the use of specific prosthetic methods. This management aims to ensure stability and optimal retention of the prosthesis. In order to determine the type of intervention to be chosen, a thorough interview and clinical examination are carried out. Several parameters are considered, such as the volume of the flabby ridge, the degree of underlying bone resorption, the type of prosthetic rehabilitation planned and the presence of any contraindications to surgery. These factors will guide the decision on the most appropriate treatment. In this article, we focus on a non-surgical approach to the management of the flabby ridge, which involves the selection of a specific type of impression. This impression technique aims to record the ridge in its static state, without compression or displacement, while ensuring precise muco-dynamic recording of the adjacent tissues.
A Case Series Examining the Use of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) to Treat Non-healing Venous Leg Ulcers
Authors: Regulski Matthew
Published: December 2023

With their complex pathogenesis, many wounds, such as venous leg ulcers (VLUs) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), place a significant burden on the global healthcare system [1]. 93% of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are open for more than a year due to a variety of factors such as comorbidities, lifestyle, and work demands. The most common causes are venous disease, arterial disease, and neuropathy. To avoid inappropriate treatment that could worsen the wound, delay healing, or harm the patient, a correct diagnosis is required. Wound chronicity can lead to complications such as infections, amputation, and even death. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of ESWT therapy in patients with chronic non-healing venous leg ulcers who have not shown any signs of healing for more than a year [2].
Does Insulin Resistance Contribute to Neuroinflammation, Cognitive Decline and Brain Senescence in Obesity?
Authors: Tulp Orien L
Published: December 2023

The burgeoning prevalence of obesity and overweight conditions from the age of adolescence and throughout the lifespan has reached epidemic proportions in industrialized nations throughout the globe. The development of insulin resistance is one of the most common observations in obesity and is associated with a systemic hypoxia in adipose tissue and a chronic inflammatory state. The insulin resistance affects multiple elements of substrate oxidation and oxidative free radical generation in both somatic and neural tissues and with cytokine-linked chronic inflammation likely originating in adipose tissue depots. In studies with aging congenic lean and obese rats chronic hyperinsulinemia and brain shrinkage has now been reported, albeit it in the absence of Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM), hypertension (HTN) or other comorbidities, thereby suggesting that aspects of disordered substrate metabolism including insulin resistance as commonly observed in obesity may be a key contributory factor in the development of a neuroinflammatory linked brain shrinkage with accompanying decreases in brain mass, protein and DNA content, and which were further compromised when fed an isocaloric high vs. a low glycemic insulinogenic diet containing sucrose vs. cornstarch respectively. These results suggest that chronic insulin resistance of obesity secondary at least in part to dietary factors represents a likely independent risk factor in the progression of neuroinflammation, DNA damage, brain shrinkage and neural senescence in this strain of obese rats.
EDUKASI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH GUNA WUJUDKAN LINGKUNGAN SEHAT DI DAPUR MANAHAYU
Authors: Sari Arista Fauzi Kartika , Zakaria Ibnu , Afif Galih Ilham , Ahmad Ryan Fazrin , Bulharis Bulharis , Yuana Alivia Nur , Adinda Clarissa Frisma , Setiawati Erni Eris , Rachmawati Indi , Syaidatina Ulfa , Ahmad Sarah
Published: December 2023

A clean environment will reflect the conditions of the people who live in it. Environmental empowerment is a shared goal that must be created together as well. This environmental empowerment activity is carried out through the work program of the Candidate Undergraduate Service (KSM-T) of the Islamic University of Malang which is an activity based on community service to increase student empathy for the conditions of society and the environment. The candidate for the Bachelor of Service (KSM-T) at the Islamic University of Malang was held in the Kitchen Manahayu Dusun Sumbersari, Giripurno Village, Batu City, using the methods of socialization, education and mentoring and evaluation. This program has succeeded in helping environmental protection in order to reduce the impact of environmental pollution and be able to maintain a healthy, beautiful and clean environment. In addition, the waste that is sorted in the trash can makes it easier for the waste management process at the final level.
TOL LANGIT UNTUK EKSPOR UMKM KERAJINAN SEBAGAI PENUNJANG EKONOMI KREATIF DENGAN PLATFORM AEXI.ID
Authors: Athia Ita , Andini Astri Sukma , Anggraeni Fitri Dwi
Published: December 2023

This community service activity was carried out by the KSM (Bachelor of Service Candidate) participant team at Unisma Malang. The target partners are aimed at the elite handy craft wood industry craftsmen in Pandansari village, Malang district, which experienced a 50% decrease in orders from usual. Service activities begin with observations and interviews of target partners to find out their strengths and weaknesses and measure the opportunities and challenges faced by partners. Then a SWOT analysis was carried out and the form of service activities was determined, namely by providing socialization and training on global marketing potential through the Aexi.id marketplace application for elite wood craftsmen and the Pandasari Village community. Before and after the training socialization activities, pre-test and post-test were conducted to measure the level of program success. The results obtained are that the craftsmen and participants are able to understand the material and apply the Aexi.id application directly and it is hoped that it can be applied in sustainable marketing activities to increase the marketing of the products of the elite handy craft wood creative industry during this pandemic..
Thailand’s mental health system: From tradition to modernity
Authors: Thongsalab Jutharat
Published: December 2023

Objective: This article aims to explore the intricate journey by examining key historical milestones, existing challenges, and potential future directions in Thai mental health care.
Methods: A narrative review approach was employed, utilizing diverse sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Thai libraries. Information collected in 2023 is presented descriptively, chronicling Thailand’s evolution in mental health.
Results: Across centuries, Thailand’s mental health history unveils an early acknowledgment of mental health issues during the Sukhothai Kingdom. Traditional healing methods rooted in Buddhism and herbal remedies characterized ancient Thai societies. The shift to Western influence under King Rama V initiated the first mental hospital, integrating traditional Thai and Western medical practices. Thailand’s contemporary era witnessed substantial progress in mental health initiatives, including legislative reforms, community-based care, and efforts addressing specific demographic challenges. However, pressing issues persist, including a surge in mental health issues, alarming dementia rates, and professional burnout.
Conclusion: Thailand’s mental health system shows a transformative journey from spiritual interpretations to Western integration and a current globalized approach. Despite remarkable progress, the nation faces critical challenges. The National Mental Health Development Plan (2018-2037) outlines a comprehensive strategy focusing on prevention, improved services, education, innovation, and regulatory support.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on household income generation and food consumption in Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria: A comparative study of formal and informal sector workers
Authors: Paul Chima , Lawal Yusuf , Malachy Joseph
Published: December 2023

Background: At the beginning of 2020, Nigeria grappled with a severe outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic. This deadly disease significantly impacted various aspects of the country’s economy, leading to socio-economic challenges primarily attributed to daily increases in reported cases and the subsequent enforcement of lockdown measures. Gwagwalada Area Council in Abuja, Nigeria, was not exempt from the devastating consequences of this epidemic, particularly concerning income generation and food access for its residents. Although several studies have examined the impact of COVID-19 on Nigerian workers, little information exists regarding the differing effects on formal and informal sector workers. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the disparities in the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic’s lockdown on household income generation and food consumption among formal and informal sector workers in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive survey design was employed for this study. Three hundred and thirty-two completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, which included simple percentages and means and independent sample t-tests. Results: A significant difference was revealed in the impact of the lockdown between formal and informal sector workers (p <0.001). The lockdown impacted substantially on the informal sector workers more than the formal sector counterparts. Conclusion: The study found that informal sector workers suffered a greater negative impact from the COVID-19 lockdown in Gwagwalada compared to formal sector workers. Therefore, it is recommended that the government provide substantial loans and grants with low or no interest rates to support informal sector business owners, mitigating the effects of the COVID lockdown and creating job opportunities for those affected by the government’s lockdown measures. Additionally, introducing price control mechanisms to ensure affordable food prices is essential, even after the conclusion of the pandemic.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN SEDUHAN RIMPANG JAHE DAN KUNYIT PEREDA ISPA SERTA EDUKASI KESTABILAN SEDIAAN DI DESA MANCASAN BAKI SUKOHARJO
Authors: Diah Pratimasari  , Disa Andriani  , Rafika Ayustina Ratri  , Novia Ardiana  , Viona Julianingtyas  , Endah Kurnia Setyawati
Published: December 2023

Infeksi Saluran Penafasan Kegiatan Akut merupakan salah satu permasalahan penyakit yang ada di Indonesia dengan kasus yang cukup tinggi dan banyak menyerang balita dan anak-anak.kunyit dan jehe merupakan tanaman herbal yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengatasi gejala ISPA karena kandungan senyawa kimia didalamnya. Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan melalui penyuluhan dengan metode ceramah dan diskusi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan dalam cara pembuatan sediaan seduhan rimpang jahe dan kunyit sebagai alternatif dalam meredakan gejala ISPA. Antusiasme peserta penyuluhan cukup tinggi dilihat dari pertanyaan yang diajukan saat sesi diskusi dan tanya jawab. Kemampuan peserta dalam menjawab soal pretest dan post test juga meningkat sehingga menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan peserta antara sebelum dengan sesudah pemberian penyuluhan. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat dikatakan bahwa kegiatan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta tentang informasi bahaya penyakit ISPA juga informasi mengenai obat alternatif dalam meredakan gejala, serta cara pembuatan sediaan dan informasi mengenai menjaga stabilitas sediaan kepada masyarakat. Beberapa komponen yang berhasil dicapai dalam pelaksaan kegiatan ini diantaranya:1) ketercapaian tujuan kegiatan, 2) tercapainya target materi yang telah direncanakan, 3) terlaksanya kegiatan sebagai penanggulangan masalah kesehatan yang ada di lingkungan masyarakat.

 

Kata Kunci: ISPA, Pencegahan ISPA, Obat Herbal, Sediaan
PELATIHAN DEBAT BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMAN 2 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Taqwiem Ahsani , Luthfiyanti Lita
Published: December 2023

Keterampilan berbicara adalah salah satu keterampilan berbahasa yang termasuk dalam aspek produktif. Kemampuan berbicara sangat diperlukan karena menjadi salah satu kemampuan yang menopang masa depan. Siswa di SMA Negeri 2 Banjarmasin menurut hasil observasi awal mengindikasikan kesulitan dalam menguasai kemampuan berbicara terutama pada aspek pengembangan, salah satunya adalah debat. Di SMA Negeri 2 Banjarmasin juga belum memiliki club debat, sehingga siswa kurang menguasai teknik debat. Kondisi ini menimbulkan keinginan untuk mengabdi dengan memberikan pelatihan debat kepada para siswa di SMA Negeri 2 Banjarmasin. Untuk menguasai kemampuan menjadi debater, selain diperlukan penguasaan teori juga diperlukan sharing pengalaman dan praktik. Pengabdian ini akan memberikan ketiga aspek tersebut agar para siswa dapat belajar secara menyeluruh mengenai debat. Materi yang akan disajikan terkait teori berbicara dan berbagai aspek untuk menjadi seorang debater yang baik. Setelah itu, dilanjutkan dengan praktik debat. Kegiatan praktik akan diawasi dan direkam, sehingga para siswa akan mendapat masukan untuk memperbaiki penampilannya sebagai seorang debater. Pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat membantu para siswa menguasai kemampuan berbicara khsusnya terkait kemampuan debat. Target luaran dari pengabdian ini adalah publikasi artikel ilmiah pada jurnal nasional terkait serta video terkait pengabdian yang akan didaftarkan untuk mendapatkan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual.

 

Kata Kunci: keterampilan berbicara, pelatihan, debat
SOSIALISASI DAN PELATIHAN ASESMEN PADA KURIKULUM MERDEKA SDN 3 SUNGAI ULIN BANJARBARU
Authors: Agustina Lili , Dodiet Enggar Wibowo  , Irni Cahyani
Published: December 2023

Asesmen bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman dan kinerja siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Selain itu, asesmen dalam kurikulum merdeka juga dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap suatu proses pembelajaran. Dalam hal ini, para guru di SDN 3 Sungai Ulin Banjarbaru terdapat kebingungan terhadap kurikulum merdeka, salah satunya adalah kebingungan dalam mengolah dan menyusun asesmen pembelajaran. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sosialisasi dan pelatihan dalam rangka mengolah dan menyusun asesmen pembelajaran di SDN 3 Sungai Ulin Banjarbaru. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah dalam bentuk kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan kepada para guru di SDN Sungai Ulin Banjarbaru.  Para guru memahami dan mempraktikkan pengolahan asesmen sesuai dengan panduan dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Secara garis besar, ada dua poin utama pada pelaksanaan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) yang dilakukan di SDN 3 Sungai Ulin Banjarbaru. Poin pertama adalah Asesmen Pembelajaran dan Pengolahan dan Pelaporan Asesmen Pembelajaran. Respons positif ditunjukkan oleh peserta pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini selama kegiatan. Para guru SDN 3 Sungai Ulin Banjarbaru memperoleh pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam mengolah dan menyusun asesmen pembelajaran sesuai panduan kurikulum merdeka. Hal ini menjadi bekal yang baik untuk melakukan kegiatan secara berkelanjutan.
DEĞERLER TAKIMI ÇİZGİ FİLMİNE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET ROLLERİ AÇISINDAN BAKIŞ
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Tuğba , KOYUNCU ŞAHİN Mine
Published: December 2023

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı “Değerler Takımı” çizgi filminin toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri açısından incelenerek medya aracılığıyla topluma ve çocuklara sunulan toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin ne şekilde biçimlendirildiğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, “Değerler Takımı” çizgi filminin sekiz bölümü oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama yöntemi olarak doküman incelemesi ve verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analiz aşamasında çizgi filmdeki kadın ve erkek karakterlerin özellikleri, rolleri ve çizgi filmdeki konuşmaları değerlendirilmiş ve çizgi filmde olan toplumsal cinsiyet temaları (meslek grupları, günlük yaşam faaliyetleri, değerler) belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; Değerler Takımı çizgi filminde erkek karakterler, sayıca kadın karakterlerden fazladır. Kadın ve erkeklerin kıyafetlerine ve renklerine bakıldığında kadın karakterlerde daha çok pembe ve pembenin tonlarının kullanıldığı bulunmuştur. Erkeklerde ise mavi ve siyah tonlarının kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Kadın ve erkek karakterlerin
Effects of bleaching chemicals on some surface characteristics of olon (Zanthoxylum heitzii) wood
Authors: PEKER Hüseyin , AYATA Ümit
Published: December 2023

Olon wood is used internationally in plywood, furniture, interior carpentry, and mold making. In this study, the effects of wood bleaching chemicals (oxalic acid and H2O2+NaOH) on certain surface properties (color, glossiness, and whiteness index: WI*) of olon wood (Zanthoxylum heitzii) were investigated. The results of the bleached samples were compared with those of a control group. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that the variance analyses conducted for all tests in the study yielded statistically significant results. Application of both bleaching chemicals led to an increase in the ho and L* values. The ∆E* values were determined as 2.07 for the single-component and 10.30 for the double-component. In contrast, these parameters increased with the single-component bleach while the a*, b* and C* values decreased with the double-component wood bleach. The WI* values exhibited an increase in both directions when they were exposed to both bleaching chemicals. Both bleaching agents resulted in reductions in glossiness values at 85 degrees in both directions. Furthermore, there were declines with the single-component bleach and rises with the double-component bleach when measuring glossiness at 60 degrees in both directions.
Function and dysfunction of the dystonia network: an exploration of neural circuits that underlie the acquired and isolated dystonias
Authors: Gill Jason S. , Nguyen Megan X. , Hull Mariam , van der Heijden Meike E. , Nguyen Ken , Thomas Sruthi P. , Sillitoe Roy V.
Published: December 2023

Dystonia is a highly prevalent movement disorder that can manifest at any time across the lifespan. An increasing number of investigations have tied this disorder to dysfunction of a broad “dystonia network” encompassing the cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia, and cortex. However, pinpointing how dysfunction of the various anatomic components of the network produces the wide variety of dystonia presentations across etiologies remains a difficult problem. In this review, a discussion of functional network findings in non-mendelian etiologies of dystonia is undertaken. Initially acquired etiologies of dystonia and how lesion location leads to alterations in network function are explored, first through an examination of cerebral palsy, in which early brain injury may lead to dystonic/dyskinetic forms of the movement disorder. The discussion of acquired etiologies then continues with an evaluation of the literature covering dystonia resulting from focal lesions followed by the isolated focal dystonias, both idiopathic and task dependent. Next, how the dystonia network responds to therapeutic interventions, from the “geste antagoniste” or “sensory trick” to botulinum toxin and deep brain stimulation, is covered with an eye towards finding similarities in network responses with effective treatment. Finally, an examination of how focal network disruptions in mouse models has informed our understanding of the circuits involved in dystonia is provided. Together, this article aims to offer a synthesis of the literature examining dystonia from the perspective of brain networks and it provides grounding for the perspective of dystonia as disorder of network function.
Seabed classification of multibeam echosounder data into bedrock/non-bedrock using deep learning
Authors: Garone Rosa Virginia , Birkenes Lønmo Tor Inge , Schimel Alexandre Carmelo Gregory , Diesing Markus , Thorsnes Terje , Løvstakken Lasse
Published: December 2023

The accurate mapping of seafloor substrate types plays a major role in understanding the distribution of benthic marine communities and planning a sustainable exploitation of marine resources. Traditionally, this activity has relied on the efforts of marine geology experts, who accomplish it manually by examining information from acoustic data along with the available ground-truth samples. However, this approach is challenging and time-consuming. Hence, it is important to explore automatic methods to replace this manual process. In this study, we investigated the potential of deep learning (U-Net) for classifying the seabed as either “bedrock” or “non-bedrock” using bathymetry and/or backscatter data, acquired with multibeam echosounders (MBES). Slope and hillshade data, derived from the bathymetry, were also included in the experiment. Several U-Net models, taking as input either one of these datasets or a combination of them, were trained using an expert delineated map as reference. The analysis revealed that U-Net has the ability to map bedrock and non-bedrock areas reliably. On our test set, the models using either bathymetry or slope data showed the highest performance metrics and the best visual match with the reference map. We also observed that they often identified topographically rough features as bedrock, which were not interpreted as such by the human expert. While such discrepancy would typically be considered an error of the model, the scale of the expert annotations as well as the different methods used by the experts to manually generate maps must be considered when evaluating the predictions quality. While encouraging results were obtained here, further research is necessary to explore the potential of deep learning in mapping other seabed types and evaluating the models’ generalization capabilities on similar datasets but different geographical locations.
An aggressive cabergoline-resistant, temozolomide-responsive macroprolactinoma due to a germline SDHB pathogenic variant in the absence of paraganglioma or pheochromocytoma
Authors: Alzahrani Ali S. , Bin Nafisah Abdulghani , Alswailem Meshael , Moria Yosra , Poprawski Dagmara , Al-Hindi Hindi , Pacak Karel
Published: December 2023

Context

Germline succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) pathogenic variants are characteristic of familial paraganglioma (PGL) syndrome type 4. This syndrome frequently presents with abdominal PGL and has high tendency for locally aggressive behavior and distant metastasis. The vast majority of pituitary adenomas (PAs) are sporadic. However, PAs can be part of a number of familial tumor syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) or more rarely in association with pheochromocytoma and PGL (referred to as 3P syndrome). Only a limited number of PAs in association with SDHB-related PGL has been reported and the vast majority occurred subsequently or simultaneously with pheochromocytoma/PGL (collectively abbreviated as PPGL). In this report, we describe a young patient who had a giant pituitary macroprolactinoma resistant to large doses of cabergoline (CBG) and external beam radiotherapy (XRT). The patient did not have personal history of PPGL but was found to carry a germline SDHB pathogenic variant.

Case report

A 38-year-old woman presented with headache, visual disturbances and galactorrhea and was found to have a 34-mm macroprolactinoma. She was treated with CBG 3-4 mg per week but PA continued to grow and caused significant cranial pressure symptoms. She underwent two transsphenoidal surgeries with rapid tumor recurrence after each one. She received XRT but PA continued to grow. She was finally treated with temozolomide with excellent response. Whole exome and subsequent Sanger sequencing confirmed that she has a pathogenic monoallelic SDHB mutation (NM_003000:c.C343T, p.R115*). PA tissue showed loss of heterozygosity for the same mutation and absent SDHB immunostaining confirming the pathogenic role of this SDHB mutation.

Conclusion

Germline SDHB mutations can rarely cause PA in the absence of PPGL. They should be considered as a possible cause of aggressiveness and resistance to dopamine agonists in similar cases.
Oleanolic acid rescues critical features of umbilical vein endothelial cells permanently affected by hyperglycemia
Authors: Stelling-Férez Javier , Cappellacci Ilaria , Pandolfi Assunta , Gabaldón José Antonio , Pipino Caterina , Nicolás Francisco José
Published: December 2023

Skin wound healing is a physiological process that involves several cell types. Among them, endothelial cells are required for inflammation resolution and neo‐angiogenesis, both necessary for tissue restoration after injury. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (C‐HUVECs) are derived from the umbilical cord. When women develop gestational diabetes, chronic exposure to hyperglycemia induces epigenetic modifications in these cells (GD‐HUVECs), leading to a permanent pro‐inflammatory phenotype and impaired angiogenesis in contrast to control cells. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a bioactive triterpenoid known for its epithelial cell migration promotion stimulation and higher tensile strength of wounds. However, the potentially anti‐inflammatory and pro‐angiogenic properties of OA are still under investigation. We tested OA on C‐ and GD‐HUVECs under inflammatory conditions induced by low levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Reduced expression of adhesion molecules VCAM1, ICAM1, and SELE was obtained in OA‐pre‐treated C‐ and GD‐HUVECs. Additionally, protein VCAM1 levels were also decreased by OA. Coherently, monocyte adhesion assays showed that a lower number of monocytes adhered to GD‐HUVEC endothelium under OA pre‐treatment when compared to untreated ones. It is noteworthy that OA improved angiogenesis parameters in both phenotypes, being especially remarkable in the case of GD‐HUVECs, since OA strongly rescued their poor tube formation behavior. Moreover, endothelial cell migration was improved in C‐ and GD‐HUVECs in scratch assays, an effect that was further confirmed by focal adhesion (FA) remodeling, revealed by paxillin staining on immunocytochemistry assays. Altogether, these results suggest that OA could be an emergent wound healing agent due to its capacity to rescue endothelial malfunction caused by hyperglycemia.
Fault detection of a wind turbine generator bearing using interpretable machine learning
Authors: Bindingsbø Oliver Trygve , Singh Maneesh , Øvsthus Knut , Keprate Arvind
Published: December 2023

Introduction:During its operational lifetime, a wind turbine is subjected to a number of degradation mechanisms. If left unattended, the degradation of components will result in its suboptimal performance and eventual failure. Hence, to mitigate the risk of failures, it is imperative that the wind turbine be regularly monitored, inspected, and optimally maintained. Offshore wind turbines are normally inspected and maintained at fixed intervals (generally 6-month intervals) and the program (list of tasks) is prepared using experience or risk-reliability analysis, like Risk-based inspection (RBI) and Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM). This time-based maintenance program can be improved upon by incorporating results from condition monitoring involving data collection using sensors and fault detection using data analytics. In order to properly carry out condition assessment, it is important to assure quality & quantity of data and to use correct procedures for interpretation of data for fault detection. This paper discusses the work carried out to develop a machine learning based methodology for detecting faults in a wind turbine generator bearing. Explanation of the working of the machine learning model has also been discussed in detail.

Methods:The methodology includes application of machine learning model using SCADA data for predicting operating temperature of a healthy bearing; and then comparing the predicted bearing temperature against the actual bearing temperature.

Results:Consistent abnormal differences between predicted and actual temperatures may be attributed to the degradation and presence of a fault in the bearing.

Discussion:This fault detection can then be used for rescheduling the maintenance tasks. The working of this methodology is discussed in detail using a case study.
Current trends of minimally invasive therapy for cholecystocholedocholithiasis
Authors: Cominardi Anna , Aragona Giovanni , Cattaneo Gaetano , Arzù Gian , Capelli Patrizio , Banchini Filippo
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The minimally invasive approach of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided procedures for cholecystocholedocholithiasis, such as EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD), EUS-guided rendezvous (EUS-RV), and EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD), is affirmed as an effective treatment for patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) who are unfit for surgery and for patients with common bile duct stones (CBDSs) who have experienced a previous ERCP failure. Furthermore, in cases of difficult CBDS extraction during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), cholangioscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy (CS-EHL) has showed optimal results. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of EUS-GBD and percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PT-GBD) in patients with AC who are unfit for surgery. We also aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EUS-GBD, EUS-BD, and EUS-RV following ERCP failure and the effectiveness of CS-EHL for difficult CBDS extraction in our hospital. The secondary aim was to examine the safety of these procedures.

Materials and methods

We conducted a retrospective evaluation of all the EUS-GBD, PT-GBD, EUS-BD, EUS-RV, and CS-EHL procedures, which were prospectively collected in the gastroenterology and digestive endoscopy unit and the general surgery unit from January 2020 to June 2023. The efficacy was expressed in terms of technical and clinical success rates, while safety was assessed based on the rate of adverse events (AEs).

Results

We enrolled 83 patients with AC and high surgical risk. Among them, 57 patients (68.7%, 24/57 male, median age 85 ± 11 years) underwent EUS-GBD, and 26 (31.3%, 19/26 male, median age 83 ± 7 years) underwent PT-GBD. The technical and clinical success rates were 96.5 and 100% for EUS-GBD, and 96.1 and 92% for PT-GBD. The AEs for EUS-GBD were 1.7%, and for PT-GBD, it was 12%. ERCP for CBDS extraction failed in 77 patients. Among them, 73 patients (94.8%) underwent EUS-RV with technical and clinical success rates of 72.6% (53/73) and 100%, respectively. No AEs were reported. Four out of 77 patients were directly treated with EUS-BD for pyloric inflammatory stenosis. In 12 patients (16.4%), following unsuccessful EUS-RV with a CBD diameter ≥ 12 mm, an EUS-BD was performed. Both technical and clinical success rates for EUS-BD were 100%, and no AEs were reported. EUS-GBD was the treatment of choice for the remaining 8 (10.9%) patients after failure of both ERCP and EUS-RV. The procedure had high technical and clinical success rates (both at 100%), and no AEs were reported. The 12 difficult CBDS extraction treated with CS-EHL also showed high technical and clinical success rates (both at 100%), with no reported AEs.

Conclusion

The minimally invasive approach for cholecystocholedocholithiasis, especially EUS-guided procedures, had high efficacy and safety in treating AC in high-risk surgical patients and CBDS extraction after a previously unsuccessful ERCP.
Impact of data synthesis strategies for the classification of craniosynostosis
Authors: Schaufelberger Matthias , Kühle Reinald Peter , Wachter Andreas , Weichel Frederic , Hagen Niclas , Ringwald Friedemann , Eisenmann Urs , Hoffmann Jürgen , Engel Michael , Freudlsperger Christian , Nahm Werner
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Photogrammetric surface scans provide a radiation-free option to assess and classify craniosynostosis. Due to the low prevalence of craniosynostosis and high patient restrictions, clinical data are rare. Synthetic data could support or even replace clinical data for the classification of craniosynostosis, but this has never been studied systematically.

Methods

We tested the combinations of three different synthetic data sources: a statistical shape model (SSM), a generative adversarial network (GAN), and image-based principal component analysis for a convolutional neural network (CNN)–based classification of craniosynostosis. The CNN is trained only on synthetic data but is validated and tested on clinical data.

Results

The combination of an SSM and a GAN achieved an accuracy of 0.960 and an F1 score of 0.928 on the unseen test set. The difference to training on clinical data was smaller than 0.01. Including a second image modality improved classification performance for all data sources.

Conclusions

Without a single clinical training sample, a CNN was able to classify head deformities with similar accuracy as if it was trained on clinical data. Using multiple data sources was key for a good classification based on synthetic data alone. Synthetic data might play an important future role in the assessment of craniosynostosis.
Motile bacteria leverage bioconvection for eco-physiological benefits in a natural aquatic environment
Authors: Di Nezio Francesco , Roman Samuele , Buetti-Dinh Antoine , Sepúlveda Steiner Oscar , Bouffard Damien , Sengupta Anupam , Storelli Nicola
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Bioconvection, a phenomenon characterized by the collective upward swimming of motile microorganisms, has mainly been investigated within controlled laboratory settings, leaving a knowledge gap regarding its ecological implications in natural aquatic environments. This study aims to address this question by investigating the influence of bioconvection on the eco-physiology of the anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria community of meromictic Lake Cadagno.

Methods

Here we comprehensively explore its effects by comparing the physicochemical profiles of the water column and the physiological traits of the main populations of the bacterial layer (BL). The search for eco-physiological effects of bioconvection involved a comparative analysis between two time points during the warm season, one featuring bioconvection (July) and the other without it (September).

Results

A prominent distinction in the physicochemical profiles of the water column centers on light availability, which is significantly higher in July. This minimum threshold of light intensity is essential for sustaining the physiological CO2 fixation activity of Chromatium okenii, the microorganism responsible for bioconvection. Furthermore, the turbulence generated by bioconvection redistributes sulfides to the upper region of the BL and displaces other microorganisms from their optimal ecological niches.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the influence of bioconvection on the physiology of C. okenii and demonstrate its functional role in improving its metabolic advantage over coexisting phototrophic sulfur bacteria. However, additional research is necessary to confirm these results and to unravel the multiscale processes activated by C. okenii’s motility mechanisms.
Genomic insight into strategy, interaction and evolution of nitrifiers in metabolizing key labile-dissolved organic nitrogen in different environmental niches
Authors: Liu Qian , Chen Yuhao , Xu Xue-Wei
Published: December 2023

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) are responsible for nitrification in nature; however, some groups have been reported to utilize labile-dissolved organic nitrogen (LDON) for satisfying nitrogen demands. To understand the universality of their capacity of LDON metabolism, we collected 70 complete genomes of AOA, AOB, NOB, and comammox from typical environments for exploring their potentials in the metabolism of representative LDON (urea, polyamines, cyanate, taurine, glycine betaine, and methylamine). Genomic analyses showed that urea was the most popular LDON used by nitrifiers. Each group harbored unique urea transporter genes (AOA: dur3 and utp, AOB: utp, and NOB and comammox: urtABCDE and utp) accompanied by urease genes ureABC. The differentiation in the substrate affinity of these transporters implied the divergence of urea utilization efficiency in nitrifiers, potentially driving them into different niches. The cyanate transporter (cynABD and focA/nirC) and degradation (cynS) genes were detected mostly in NOB, indicating their preference for a wide range of nitrogen substrates to satisfy high nitrogen demands. The lack of genes involved in the metabolism of polyamines, taurine, glycine betaine, and methylamines in most of nitrifiers suggested that they were not able to serve as a source of ammonium, only if they were degraded or oxidized extracellularly as previously reported. The phylogenetic analyses assisted with comparisons of GC% and the Codon Adaptation Index between target genes and whole genomes of nitrifiers implied that urea metabolic genes dur3 and ureC in AOA evolved independently from bacteria during the transition from Thaumarchaeota to AOA, while utp in terrestrial AOA was acquired from bacteria via lateral gene transfer (LGT). Cyanate transporter genes cynS and focA/nirC detected only in a terrestrial AOA Candidadus Nitrsosphaera gargensis Ga9.2 could be gained synchronously with Nitrospira of NOB by an ancient LGT. Our results indicated that LDON utilization was a common feature in nitrifiers, but metabolic potentials were different among nitrifiers, possibly being intensely interacted with their niches, survival strategies, and evolutions.