bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of specially designed tasks to enhance student interest in the cadaver dissection laboratory
Authors: Kang Seok Hoon , Shin Jwa‐Seop , Hwang Young‐il
Published: December 2011

Cadaver dissection is a key component of anatomy education. Unfortunately, students sometimes regard the process of dissection as uninteresting or stressful. To make laboratory time more interesting and to encourage discussion and collaborative learning among medical students, specially designed tasks were assigned to students throughout dissection. Student response and the effects of the tasks on examination scores were analyzed. The subjects of this study were 154 medical students who attended the dissection laboratory in 2009. Four tasks were given to teams of seven to eight students over the course of 2 weeks of lower limb dissection. The tasks were designed such that the answers could not be obtained by referencing books or searching the Internet, but rather through careful observation of the cadavers and discussion among team members. Questionnaires were administered. The majority of students agreed that the tasks were interesting (68.0%), encouraged team discussion (76.8%), and facilitated their understanding of anatomy (72.8%). However, they did not prefer that additional tasks be assigned during the other laboratory sessions. When examination scores of those who responded positively were compared with those who responded neutrally or negatively, no statistically significant differences could be found. In conclusion, the specially designed tasks assigned to students in the cadaver dissection laboratory encouraged team discussion and collaborative learning, and thereby generated interest in laboratory work. However, knowledge acquisition was not improved. Anat Sci Educ. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Promiscuity in protein‐RNA interactions: Conformational ensembles facilitate molecular recognition in the spliceosome
Authors: Boehr David D.
Published: December 2011

Here I discuss findings that suggest a universal mechanism for proteins (and RNA) to recognize and interact with various binding partners by selectively binding to different conformations that pre‐exist in the free protein's conformational ensemble. The tandem RNA recognition motif domains of splicing factor U2AF65 fluctuate in solution between a predominately closed conformation in which the RNA binding site of one of the domains is blocked, and a lowly populated open conformation in which both RNA binding pockets are accessible. RNA binding to U2AF65 may thus occur through the weakly populated open conformation, and the binding interaction stabilizes the open conformation. The conformational diversity observed in U2AF65 might also facilitate binding to diverse RNA sequences as found in the polypyrimidine tracts that help define 3′ splice sites. Similar binding pathways in other systems have important consequences in biological regulation, molecular evolution, and information storage.
Facing Unexpected Reactivity Paths with ZrIV–Pyridylamido Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Luconi Lapo , Rossin Andrea , Tuci Giulia , Tritto Incoronata , Boggioni Laura , Klosin Jerzy J. , Theriault Curt N. , Giambastiani Giuliano
Published: December 2011

This work provides original insights to the better understanding of the complex structure–activity relationship of ZrIV–pyridylamido‐based olefin polymerization catalysts and highlights the importance of the metal‐precursor choice (Zr(NMe2)4 vs. Zr(Bn)4) to prepare precatalysts of unambiguous identity. A temperature‐controlled and reversible σ‐bond metathesis/protonolysis reaction is found to take place on the ZrIV‐amido complexes in the 298–383 K temperature range, changing the metal coordination sphere dramatically (from a five‐coordinated tris‐amido species stabilized by bidentate monoanionic {N,N−} ligands to a six‐coordinated bis‐amido–mono‐amino complexes featured by tridentate dianionic {N−,N,C−} ligands). Well‐defined neutral ZrIV–pyridylamido complexes have been prepared from Zr(Bn)4 as metal source. Their cationic derivatives [ZrIV{N−,N,C−}Bn]+[B(C6F5)4]− have been successfully applied to the room‐temperature polymerization of 1‐hexene with productivities up to one order of magnitude higher than those reported for the related HfIV state‐of‐the‐art systems. Most importantly, a linear increase of the poly(1‐hexene) Mn values (30–250 kg mol−1) has been observed upon catalyst aging. According to that, the major active species (responsible for the increased Mn polymer values) in the aged catalyst solution, has been identified.
Synergetic Effect of Host–Guest Chemistry and Spin Crossover in 3D Hofmann‐like Metal–Organic Frameworks [Fe(bpac)M(CN)4] (M=Pt, Pd, Ni)
Authors: Bartual‐Murgui Carlos , Salmon Lionel , Akou Amal , Ortega‐Villar Norma A. , Shepherd Helena J. , Muñoz M. Carmen , Molnár Gábor , Real José Antonio , Bousseksou Azzedine
Published: December 2011

The synthesis and characterization of a series of three‐dimensional (3D) Hofmann‐like clathrate porous metal–organic framework (MOF) materials [Fe(bpac)M(CN)4] (M=Pt, Pd, and Ni; bpac=bis(4‐pyridyl)acetylene) that exhibit spin‐crossover behavior is reported. The rigid bpac ligand is longer than the previously used azopyridine and pyrazine and has been selected with the aim to improve both the spin‐crossover properties and the porosity of the corresponding porous coordination polymers (PCPs). The 3D network is composed of successive {Fe[M(CN)4]}n planar layers bridged by the bis‐monodentate bpac ligand linked in the apical positions of the iron center. The large void between the layers, which represents 41.7 % of the unit cell, can accommodate solvent molecules or free bpac ligand. Different synthetic strategies were used to obtain a range of spin‐crossover behaviors with hysteresis loops around room temperature; the samples were characterized by magnetic susceptibility, calorimetric, Mössbauer, and Raman measurements. The complete physical study reveals a clear relationship between the quantity of included bpac molecules and the completeness of the spin transition, thereby underlining the key role of the π–π stacking interactions operating between the host and guest bpac molecules within the network. Although the inclusion of the bpac molecules tends to increase the amount of active iron centers, no variation of the transition temperature was measured. We have also investigated the ability of the network to accommodate the inclusion of molecules other than water and bpac and studied the synergy between the host–guest interaction and the spin‐crossover behavior. In fact, the clathration of various aromatic molecules revealed specific modifications of the transition temperature. Finally, the transition temperature and the completeness of the transition are related to the nature of the metal associated with the iron center (Ni, Pt, or Pd) and also to the nature and the amount of guest molecules in the lattice.
2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Updating the 2007 Guideline): Highlights for the Clinician
Authors: Wenger Nanette K.
Published: December 2011

The 2011 Update to the Unstable Angina/Non–ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction (UA/NSTEMI) Guideline is based in evolving data or expert opinion and incorporates information from late‐breaking clinical trials presented at the 2008–2009 Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology, among others, as well as selected data through April 2010.

The 5 key issues highlighted in this summary are: (1) the timing of acute interventional therapy in non–ST‐elevation myocardial infarction; (2) emphasis on the timing, duration, and application of dual and triple antiplatelet therapy; (3) specific recommendations for patients with diabetes mellitus; (4) the role and potential benefit of invasive therapy in patients with advanced renal dysfunction; and (5) issues of quality improvement for acute coronary syndromes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Dr. Wenger is a consultant at Emory Heart and Vascular Center, Atlanta, Georgia. The author has no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
A novel foam fluid negative contrast medium for clear visualization of the colon wall in CT imaging
Authors: Wei Xiaohui , Zhu Jiong , Gong Hongxia , Xu Jianrong , Xu Yuhong
Published: December 2011

Computed tomography (CT) imaging is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of colorectal diseases. However, the colonic wall depiction in 2D CT images is usually poor because of the low contrast between the colonic wall and the luminal content. In order to improve the visualization of the colonic wall and any abnormality on its surface, we report in this paper the development of an oil‐free foam fluid negative contrast medium for improved CT imaging of the colon. The foam fluid negative contrast medium was prepared by dispersing and stabilizing microbubbles in a polymeric solution. The stabilities of both the individual bubbles and the foam fluid system were optimized by incorporating bovine serum albumin and gluconolactone as the stabilization agent. The medium had a mean X‐ray density of −120 Hounsfield units (close to that of the extraluminal tissues), and enabled clear 2D visualization of the colonic wall in both ex vivo and in vivo imaging studies. The measured colonic wall thicknesses at different segments in a beagle dog based on the 2D CT images obtained with the negative contrast medium accurately reflected the anatomical values, as compared with the values based on air‐contrasted images. In vivo study of a simulated polyps pig model demonstrated sensitive detection of 11 out of 12 polyps with the smallest one 2 mm in diameter. We believe this new and safe foam fluid negative medium would enable the implementation of CT imaging as a convenient and useful tool for diagnosis of colon cancer, especially in the elderly population. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences Between Victims of Bullying and Nonvictims on Levels of Paranoid Ideation and Persecutory Symptoms, the Presence of Aggressive Traits, the Display of Social Anxiety and the Recall of Childhood Abuse Experiences in a Portuguese Mixed Clinical Sample
Authors: Lopes Bárbara Cristina
Published: December 2011

Background

Bullying has been considered as a traumatic experience that can lead to paranoid ideation in students (Campbell and Morrison, 2007). This study aimed to explore differences concerning experiences of childhood trauma, the display of social anxiety behaviours, paranoid ideation, and aggressive traits and behaviour in a mixed clinical population with and without persecutory delusions, between individuals who reported being victims of bullying versus those who did not.

Method

A total of 61 individuals with diagnoses of paranoid schizophrenia and social anxiety disorder were given a battery of questionnaires that measured bullying experiences, childhood abuse and experiences of threat and subordination, paranoid ideation, social anxiety behaviours, shame, and aggressive traits and behaviours.

Results

Data on the differences between the victims of bullying and non‐victims, in terms of recalling being bullied, showed higher scores on childhood abuse, experiences of threat and subordination within the family, aggressive traits and higher display of persecutory symptoms and less social anxiety behaviours.

Conclusion

Bullying is a traumatic phenomenon that is reported by people who suffer from persecutory delusions to a higher degree than those who do not. This study, thus, gives support to the idea that childhood abuse within the family is associated with bullying experiences and that a traumatic infancy may lead to the use of aggressive traits and behaviours to deal with a threatening environment (Bentall and Fernyhough, ). This argument raises clinical issues regarding anger management and addressing bullying experiences in individuals with persecutory ideation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

The importance of bullying experiences in clinical practice: anger management and the relationship between aggressive temperaments and persecutory ideation.
Cross‐entropy‐based joint carrier frequency offset estimation and multiuser detection for multicarrier code division multiple access systems
Authors: Lain Jenn‐Kaie , Yang Shang‐Yi , Lin Chih‐Wei
Published: December 2011

This paper presents a joint carrier frequency offset estimation and multiuser detection based on a maximum likelihood approach in multicarrier code division multiple access systems. With the definition of a score function based on the log‐likelihood, the joint carrier frequency offset estimation and multiuser detection can be formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem over the joint of a multidimensional real space and a multidimensional discrete space. To reduce the computational complexity required by the joint decision statistic, while still obtaining a desirable performance, a new method using cross‐entropy optimization is proposed to solve the nonlinear optimization problem. Because of the robustness of the cross‐entropy optimization, the joint decision statistic can be efficiently solved, and, as shown by the furnished simulation results, the proposed approach can achieve satisfactory performance in various scenarios. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What RTI Means for Content Area Teachers
Authors: Lenski Susan
Published: December 2011

Response to Intervention (RTI) has the potential to have a positive impact on adolescent literacy by requiring content‐area teachers to provide Tier 1 literacy instruction. This commentary suggests that content‐area teachers can help their students improve their content knowledge and literacy skills by providing discipline‐specific strategy instruction in their classes. To do this, content‐area teachers should have a clear understanding of how literacy is used in their discipline and demonstrate those processes for their students. Moreover, content‐area teachers should provide students with more opportunities to read grade‐appropriate texts, differentiate reading materials, and assess literacy progress. Furthermore, content‐area teachers should provide literacy coaches with classroom texts and topics so that Tier‐2 interventions can be coordinated with classroom teaching. These changes in content‐area teaching could make a difference in the literacy achievement of students.
From Resistance to Advocacy for Math Literacy: One Teacher's Literacy Identity Transformation
Authors: Spitler Ellen
Published: December 2011

Secondary preservice teachers often articulate the belief that literacy instruction is irrelevant in their future content‐area classrooms. Resistance is not a new concern in literacy teacher education programs, but the longevity of this belief and the absence of content area literacy instruction in the majority of secondary classrooms are distressing realities. This article documents one math teacher's initial negative beliefs about literacy instruction and his teacher literacy identity transformation to openly embrace and advocate for literacy instruction. In order for beliefs to shift regarding content area literacy instruction in secondary social and cultural contexts, teacher educators must focus on the developing teacher literacy identities of the preservice teachers sitting in their classrooms; that is, their conscious and confident view of self as responsible for and in control of improving the literacy learning of self and the competency to enact engagements to guide the literacy learning of students.
Acyclic Edge Coloring of Triangle‐Free Planar Graphs
Authors: Basavaraju Manu , Chandran L. Sunil
Published: December 2011

An acyclic edge coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring such that there are no bichromatic cycles. The acyclic chromatic index of a graph is the minimum number k such that there is an acyclic edge coloring using k colors and is denoted by a′(G). It was conjectured by Alon, Sudakov and Zaks (and much earlier by Fiamcik) that a′(G) ⩽ Δ + 2, where Δ = Δ(G) denotes the maximum degree of the graph. If every induced subgraph H of G satisfies the condition |E(H)| ⩽ 2|V(H)|−1, we say that the graph G satisfies Property A. In this article, we prove that if G satisfies Property A, then a′(G) ⩽ Δ + 3. Triangle‐free planar graphs satisfy Property A. We infer that a′(G) ⩽ Δ + 3, if G is a triangle‐free planar graph. Another class of graph which satisfies Property A is 2‐fold graphs (union of two forests). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
An efficient one‐pot synthesis of pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]oxazine derivatives via the reaction of isocyanides with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of 5‐substituted uracils
Authors: Baharfar Robabeh , Baghbanian Seyed Meysam
Published: December 2011

The reactive 1:1 intermediate produced in the reaction between alkyl isocyanides and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates was trapped by uracil and its 5‐substituted derivatives to yield highly functionalized pyrimido[2,1‐b][1,3]oxazine derivatives in fairly good yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem.,(2011).
MITIGATING SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN MICROLENDING: A CASE STUDY OF WISDOM MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Bahng Grace
Published: December 2011

This article presents a case study of Wisdom Microfinance Institution (WISDOM) and examines how community workers were used to mitigate the exclusion of groups vulnerable to marginalization. By taking advantage of its relationship with World Vision Ethiopia (WVE) and collaborating in its lending processes, WISDOM was able to make itself more accessible to orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) caregivers in two major ways. First, the involvement of WVE community workers in forming community banks for WISDOM served to include more OVC caregivers than anyone had realized at the time. Second, collaborating with WVE community workers in monitoring clients helped WISDOM to gain vital information that led to more effective monitoring. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo proton electron double resonance imaging of mice With fast spin echo pulse sequence
Authors: Sun Ziqi , Li Haihong , Petryakov Sergey , Samouilov Alex , Zweier Jay L.
Published: December 2011

Purpose:

To develop and evaluate a two‐dimensional (2D) fast spin echo (FSE) pulse sequence for enhancing temporal resolution and reducing tissue heating for in vivo proton electron double resonance imaging (PEDRI) of mice.

Materials and Methods:

A four‐compartment phantom containing 2 mM TEMPONE was imaged at 20.1 mT using 2D FSE‐PEDRI and regular gradient echo (GRE)‐PEDRI pulse sequences. Control mice were infused with TEMPONE over ∼1 min followed by time‐course imaging using the 2D FSE‐PEDRI sequence at intervals of 10–30 s between image acquisitions. The average signal intensity from the time‐course images was analyzed using a first‐order kinetics model.

Results:

Phantom experiments demonstrated that EPR power deposition can be greatly reduced using the FSE‐PEDRI pulse sequence compared with the conventional gradient echo pulse sequence. High temporal resolution was achieved at ∼4 s per image acquisition using the FSE‐PEDRI sequence with a good image SNR in the range of 233–266 in the phantom study. The TEMPONE half‐life measured in vivo was ∼72 s.

Conclusion:

Thus, the FSE‐PEDRI pulse sequence enables fast in vivo functional imaging of free radical probes in small animals greatly reducing EPR irradiation time with decreased power deposition and provides increased temporal resolution. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;471‐475. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HERproject women's health program delivers real business returns
Authors: Yeager Racheal , Goldenberg Elissa
Published: December 2011

Given the global economy's dependence on female factory workers in developing nations, increasing numbers of organizations are realizing the value of improving the health of those workers with on‐site programs that address their unique needs. Since 2007, Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) has partnered with forward‐thinking organizations to overcome the challenges in providing such services and creating a work environment where women can flourish. In addition to describing innovative initiatives from Levi Strauss & Co., Timberland, and Hewlett‐Packard, this article details how other companies can replicate their successes along supply chains around the world. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of gender on leadership and culture
Authors: Herrera Richard , Duncan Phyllis A. , Green Mark T. , Skaggs Sheryl L.
Published: December 2011

Increasingly, human resource managers are recognizing the need to understand how the differences between men and women affect organizational culture and leadership. This study of 314 workers examines the influence of gender on the leadership and cultural dimensions identified in the acclaimed Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) research program. The results show that gender is a significant predictor in two of the nine cultural dimensions—gender egalitarianism and assertiveness—and two of the six leadership dimensions—participative leadership and self‐protective leadership. These findings can help HR managers capitalize on the strengths of both male and female employees as they design policies and practices to achieve organizational objectives. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human mesenchymal stem cells in synovial fluid increase in the knee with degenerated cartilage and osteoarthritis
Authors: Sekiya Ichiro , Ojima Miyoko , Suzuki Shiro , Yamaga Mika , Horie Masafumi , Koga Hideyuki , Tsuji Kunikazu , Miyaguchi Ken , Ogishima Soichi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Muneta Takeshi
Published: December 2011

We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in synovial fluid (SF) increased in the knee with degenerated cartilage and osteoarthritis. SF was obtained from the knee joints of 22 patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during ACL reconstruction, and cartilage degeneration was evaluated arthroscopically. SF was also obtained from the knee joints of 6 healthy volunteers, 20 patients with mild osteoarthritis, and 26 patients with severe osteoarthritis, in which the grading was evaluated radiographically. The cell component in the SF was cultured for analyses. Synovium (SYN) and bone marrow (BM) were also harvested during total knee arthroplasties. The MSC number in SF was correlated with the cartilage degeneration score evaluated by arthroscopy. The MSC number in the SF was hardly noticed in normal volunteers, but it increased in accordance with the grading of osteoarthritis. Though no significant differences were observed regarding surface epitopes, or differentiation potentials, the morphology and gene profiles in SF MSCs were more similar to those in SYN MSCs than in BM MSCs. We listed 20 genes which were expressed higher in both SYN MSCs and SF MSCs than in BM MSCs, and 3 genes were confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR. MSCs in SF increased along with degenerated cartilage and osteoarthritis. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:943–949, 2012
Comorbidity among depression, conduct disorder, and drug use from adolescence to young adulthood: Examining the role of violence exposures
Authors: Cerdá Magdalena , Tracy Melissa , Sánchez Brisa N. , Galea Sandro
Published: December 2011

We assessed relations among depression, conduct disorder, and drug use from adolescence to young adulthood, and evaluated whether exposure to violence contributed to disorder co‐occurrence. We used data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Respondents were 12–15 years old in 1995–1997 (N = 1,517), and were reinterviewed in 1997–2000 (n = 1,315), and 2000–2002 (n = 1,210). We examined exposure to violence at ages 12–15 and 14–17, and depression, conduct disorder, and drug use at ages 14–17 and 17–20. Multivariate transition models revealed an association between prior conduct disorder and drug use, as well as a relationship between prior depression and conduct disorder. Adolescent exposure to violence was associated with higher odds of conduct disorder and drug use but not depression. Comorbid relations between conduct disorder and drug use were independent of prior exposure to violence. Although preventing adolescent exposure to violence may reduce the risk of conduct disorder and drug use by young adulthood, future research needs to investigate alternative determinants of sequential comorbidity among depression, conduct disorder, and drug use in adolescence and young adulthood.
Laryngeal electromyography for prognosis of vocal fold palsy: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rickert Scott M. , Childs Lesley F. , Carey Bridget T. , Murry Thomas , Sulica Lucian
Published: December 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To analyze existing evidence regarding utility of laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) for prognosis in cases of vocal fold palsy (VFP).

Study Design:

Meta‐analysis of studies reporting LEMG results and clinical outcomes in 503 patients with of VFP identified by literature search.

Methods:

Studies were identified by literature search. Method of diagnosis, interval to LEMG, criteria for prognostication, and outcome were assessed. Criteria for prognosis were standardized to the extent possible across all studies, and studies were checked for consistency in outcome measures and assessments. Pooled data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:

A total of 296/503 patients (58.8%) had findings predictive with poor prognosis, whereas 207/503 (41.2%) had findings of recovery. According to laryngoscopic examination, 269/296 patients with predicted poor recovery had poor recovery (positive predictive value = 90.9%), whereas 27/296 (9.1%) had good recovery. In patients with findings consistent with recovery, 115/207 (negative predictive value = 55.6%) noted return of motion, whereas 88/207 (44.4%) did not. The odds ratio was 11.56 with 95% confidence interval of 7.10‐18.81.

Conclusions:

LEMG is a good predictor of poor recovery in patients with VFP and is clinically useful in identifying candidates for early definitive intervention.
Gluten sensitivity in Meniere's disease
Authors: Di Berardino Federica , Cesarani Antonio
Published: December 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Wheat is one of the most common food allergens found in patients with Meniere's disease (MD). Gluten from wheat has been identified to have a etiopathogenetic role in celiac disease, IgE hypersensitivity to wheat disease, and recently to gluten sensitivity. The aim of this study was to verify the incidence of gliadin prick test response in patients affected by MD.

Study Design:

Prospective individual case‐control study.

Methods:

There were 58 adult patients with definite MD, 25 healthy volunteers, and 25 patients with grass pollen rhinoconjunctivitis tested with skin prick test to gliadin.

Results:

A total of 33 MD patients (56.9%) proved to be sensitive to gliadin, eight of whom were positive to prick test after 20 minutes, 13 after 6 hours, 11 after 12 hours, and one after 24 hours.

Conclusions:

This is the first report of gliadin skin test response in MD. Further studies are needed to define the relationship between immune response to wheat proteins and MD symptoms.
Wet air as an alternative to traditional water irrigation during caloric vestibular testing
Authors: Gudziol Hilmar , Koch Carolin , Bitter Thomas , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando
Published: December 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To evaluate whether caloric vestibular testing by wet air (WAI) is better than by dry air (DAI) in comparison to the gold standard using water (WAT).

Study Design:

Prospective study, comparison with reference standard.

Methods:

Fifty volunteers with normal ear and balance function were enrolled in a prospective study. After side‐specific warm and cold DAI, WAI, and WAT experimental nystagmuses were recorded using video‐oculography. Peak slow nystagmus phase velocity (SPV) data at test culmination and the subjective tolerance of the methods were analyzed by visual analog scale.

Results:

The three methods differed significantly with respect to warm versus cold stimulation and stimulus side, with one exception. In the case of cold stimulation on the left side, SPV values did not differ between DAI and WAI. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of WAT versus WAI were indicative of a medium to high agreement with the SPV data for all four individual irrigations. The ICCs of the WAT/DAI comparison were usually smaller. Generally, smaller individual differences were shown in Bland‐Altman plots comparing WAI and WAT than plots comparing DAI and WAT. WAI had better subjective tolerability than WAT.

Conclusions:

WAI is an alternative caloric test method for anxious subjects oversensitive to WAT and probably for patients with suspected pathological ear canal and tympanic membrane findings.
Comparison of conventional continuous positive airway pressure to continuous positive airway pressure titration performed with sleep endoscopy
Authors: Civelek Senol , Emre Ismet Emrah , Dizdar Denizhan , Cuhadaroglu Caglar , Eksioglu Birsen Karaci , Eraslan Algın Kayar , Turgut Suat
Published: December 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To evaluate the effect and obtain a pressure value of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) under direct visualization using drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and compare the pressure values with values obtained using conventional CPAP.

Study Design:

Prospective, double‐blinded, cohort study.

Methods:

Sixteen patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were included in the study. Each patient underwent polysomnographic evaluation. After diagnosis of OSAS, patients underwent conventional CPAP titration. Patients were then taken to the operating theatre and put under sedation, where CPAP titration with nasendoscopy was performed (DISE CPAP).

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences between the two techniques regarding pressure levels that decreased apneas in conventional CPAP and provided sufficient opening during DISE CPAP.

Conclusions:

Results with conventional CPAP titration and endoscopy‐assisted CPAP titration showed no statistically significant difference. Endoscopy‐assisted CPAP is a cheaper and less time consuming alternative to conventional CPAP and has similar results.
Virtual temporal bone dissection system: OSU virtual temporal bone system
Authors: Wiet Gregory J. , Stredney Don , Kerwin Thomas , Hittle Bradley , Fernandez Soledad A. , Abdel‐Rasoul Mahmoud , Welling D. Bradley
Published: December 2011

Objectives/Hypothesis:

The objective of this project was to develop a virtual temporal bone dissection system that would provide an enhanced educational experience for the training of otologic surgeons.

Study Design:

A randomized, controlled, multi‐institutional, single‐blinded validation study.

Methods:

The project encompassed four areas of emphasis: structural data acquisition, integration of the system, dissemination of the system, and validation.

Results:

Structural acquisition was performed on multiple imaging platforms. Integration achieved a cost‐effective system. Dissemination was achieved on different levels including casual interest, downloading of software, and full involvement in development and validation studies. A validation study was performed at eight different training institutions across the country using a two‐arm randomized trial where study subjects were randomized to a 2‐week practice session using either the virtual temporal bone or standard cadaveric temporal bones. Eighty subjects were enrolled and randomized to one of the two treatment arms; 65 completed the study. There was no difference between the two groups using a blinded rating tool to assess performance after training.

Conclusions:

A virtual temporal bone dissection system has been developed and compared to cadaveric temporal bones for practice using a multicenter trial. There was no statistical difference between practice on the current simulator compared to practice on human cadaveric temporal bones. Further refinements in structural acquisition and interface design have been identified, which can be implemented prior to full incorporation into training programs and used for objective skills assessment.
Founders' syndrome in women's nonprofit organizations: Implications for practice and organizational life
Authors: English Leona , Peters Nancy
Published: December 2011

This qualitative study examines the impact of “founders' syndrome” in ten feminist nonprofit organizations, giving attention to the ways in which original members and organizers (founders) retain control and set the agenda of these organizations beyond their official terms of office. In these community‐based organizations, founders' syndrome provides stability, but it also affects the ability of younger members to contribute and influence organizational direction. Implications for practice are drawn from the study's results.
Determining person–organization fit for healthcare CEOs: How executive equity sensitivity relates to nonprofit and for‐profit sector selection
Authors: Sass Mary D. , Liao‐Troth Matthew A. , Wonder Bruce D.
Published: December 2011

This article empirically examines the relationship between the trait of equity sensitivity and employment sector (for‐profit, public, and nonprofit) for senior executives. By controlling for industry (healthcare), we show a relationship between this trait and employment sector in both a single‐state survey and a multistate survey. Findings indicate that benevolents have a propensity to pursue nonprofit positions whereas entitleds are likely to gravitate toward for‐profit positions. Implications for job seekers, employers, and academics are provided.
Antiangiogenic metronomic therapy for children with recurrent embryonal brain tumors
Authors: Peyrl Andreas , Chocholous Monika , Kieran Mark W. , Azizi Amedeo A. , Prucker Christina , Czech Thomas , Dieckmann Karin , Schmook Maria‐Theresa , Haberler Christine , Leiss Ulrike , Slavc Irene
Published: December 2011

Background

Median survival time of recurrent embryonal brain tumors is short regardless of salvage chemotherapy used. An evolving alternative approach to conventional chemotherapy is to target neovascularization by interfering with tumor angiogenesis at various levels.

Procedure

From November 2006 to December 2010, 16 patients (median age: 9 years) with recurrent (9 first, 7 multiple) embryonal brain tumors were treated with an antiangiogenic multidrug combination regimen (bevacizumab, thalidomide, celecoxib, fenofibrate, etoposide, and cyclophophamide) and additional intraventricular therapy (etoposide and liposomal cytarabine).

Results

At a median of 33 months, 10/16 patients are alive. 4/4 patients with CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumors (CNS PNET) and 1/7 patients with medulloblastoma (MB) died of tumor progression during the first year. Another patient with MB died of an accident after 23 months, the remaining five patients with MB are alive for 12, 33, 33, 37, and 58 months. For the seven patients with MB, both overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) after 6 months was 100%, after 12 months 85.7 ± 13%, and after 24 months 68.6 ± 19%. In contrast, for patients with CNS PNET, both OS and EFS after 6 months was 75.0 ± 22% and 0.0% and all patients had died by 12 months. Low‐dose oral etoposide and cyclophosphamide was reduced after a median of 2 months and discontinued after a median of 11 months. Toxicities were manageable and therapy was generally well tolerated.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the chosen antiangiogenic drug combination is particularly beneficial for patients with MB and warrants further investigation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:511–517. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal Decomposition Study of HNIW by Synchrotron Photoionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Dong Linmao , Li Xiaodong , Yang Rongjie
Published: December 2011

Thermal decomposition of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was investigated through tuneable vacuum ultraviolet photoionization with molecular‐beam sampling mass spectrometry (MBMS). According to photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectroscopic results, the initial decomposition products of HNIW were identified including HCN, CO, NO, HNCO, N2O, CO2 (a little), NO2, C2H2N2, C3H3N3, C4H3N3, C3H4N4, C5H4N4, C5H5N5 and C6H6N6. The possible ionization energies of C2H2N2, C4H3N3, C3H4N4 and C6H6N6 were analyzed on basis of the PIE spectra. The data were compared with those of thermogravimetry‐mass spectrometry (TG‐MS) and thermogravimetry‐Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FT‐IR). The kinetic parameters for the formation of HNCO, HCN and CO2 were calculated from the current curves of species by TG‐FT‐IR spectroscopy, typically the apparent activation energy (Ea) and prefactor (A) for HNCO were Ea=161.3 ± 2.5 kJ mol−1 and A=38.9 ± 0.6 s−1 with an optimal mechanism function f(α)=(1−α). Global thermal decomposition reaction and Arrhenius equation of HNIW were suggested at the end.
Ground‐state structure of KNbO3/KTaO3 superlattices: Array of nearly independent ferroelectrically ordered planes
Authors: Lebedev Alexander I.
Published: December 2011

Phonon spectra of the paraelectric phase, structure and distribution of polarization in the polar ground state, and energies of ferroelectrically and antiferroelectrically ordered phases were calculated for stress‐free (KNbO3)1(KTaO3)n superlattices (n = 1–7) from first principles within the density‐functional theory. Quasi‐two‐dimensional ferroelectric state with the polarization localized in the KNbO3 layer was revealed to be the ground state for the superlattices with n ≥ 2. The interaction between these polarized layers decreases exponentially with increasing the interlayer distance, and the ground‐state structure transforms to an array of nearly independent ferroelectrically ordered planes at large n.
Forsythoside B Protects Against Experimental Sepsis by Modulating Inflammatory Factors
Authors: Jiang Wang‐Lin , Yong‐Xu  , Zhang Shu‐Ping , Zhu Hai‐Bo , Jian‐Hou
Published: December 2011

The present study investigated the effects of Forsythoside B on an experimental model of sepsis induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats and elucidated the potential mechanism in cultured RAW 264.7 cells. Results showed that Forsythoside B concentration‐dependently down‐regulated the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and high‐mobility group‐box 1 protein (HMGB1) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells, inhibited the IκB kinase (IKK) pathway and modulated nuclear factor (NF)‐ κB. Intravenous injection (i.v.) of Forsythoside B alone or plus Imipenem reduced serum levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, HMGB1, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM‐1) and endotoxin, while the serum level of IL‐10 was up‐regulated and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung, liver and small intestine was reduced. Meanwhile, i.v. of Forsythoside B alone or plus Imipenem reduced CLP‐induced lethality in rats. These data indicated that the antisepsis effect of Forsythoside B is mediated by decreasing local and systemic levels of a wide spectrum of inflammatory mediators. Its antisepsis mechanism may be that Forsythoside B binds to LPS and reduces the biological activity of serum LPS, and inhibits NF‐κB activition. Our studies enhance the case for the use of Forsythoside B in sepsis. Forsythoside B itself has promise as a therapy for the treatment of sepsis in humans. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ampelopsin Inhibits H2O2‐induced Apoptosis by ERK and Akt Signaling Pathways and Up‐regulation of Heme Oxygenase‐1
Authors: Kou Xianjuan , Shen Keyin , An Yuhui , Qi Shimei , Dai Wu‐Xing , Yin Zhimin
Published: December 2011

Oxidative stress plays an important role in neurodegenerative disorders. Ampelopsin, a flavonoid abundant in Rattan tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata), is a potent antioxidant and its neuroprotective effect against H2O2‐induced apoptosis in PC12 cells is investigated here for the first time. It was found that treatment of cells with ampelopsin for 1 h significantly reduced the loss of vitality, LDH release and apoptosis and inhibited the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ampelopsin was able to prevent the activation of p38 induced by H2O2. In addition, up‐regulation of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expression by ampelopsin was shown to be both dose‐ and time‐dependent. Mechanically, HO‐1 expression induced by ampelopsin was found to be due to activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways, because it was almost completely blocked by the specific inhibitors of ERK and Akt. These results suggest that ampelopsin increases cellular antioxidant defense through activation of the ERK and Akt signaling pathways, which induces HO‐1 expression and thereby protects PC12 cells from H2O2‐induced apoptosis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acetone and 2‐butanone creation associated with biological and chemical remediation of environmental contamination
Authors: Fowler Troy , Thompson Bruce , Mueller Jim
Published: December 2011

Remediating environmental contamination by either biological or chemical methods typically results in the generation of temporary chemical intermediates as part of the process. These intermediate compounds may be related to either contaminant degradation pathways or reactions generated from the amendment itself. This article summarizes previously researched pathways and representative case studies discussing the authors' experience in generating relatively high concentrations of acetone and 2‐butanone (also referred to as methyl ethyl ketone [MEK]) during both biological and chemical treatments. Experience shows that even relatively high concentrations of acetone and MEK intermediates are quickly attenuated and prove not to be a hazard outside of the treatment area. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insufficient source area remediation results in the rebound of TCE breakdown products in groundwater
Authors: Dickson James R. , Stenson Rob
Published: December 2011

In the early 1990s, a soil removal action was completed at a former disposal pit site located in southern Michigan. This action removed waste oil, cutting oil, and chlorinated solvents from the unsaturated zone. To contain groundwater contaminant migration at the site, a groundwater pump‐and‐treat system comprised of two extraction wells operating at a combined flow of 50 gallons per minute, carbon treatment, and a permitted effluent discharge was designed, installed, and operated for over 10 years. Groundwater monitoring for natural attenuation parameters and contaminant attenuation modeling demonstrated natural attenuation of the contaminant plume was adequate to attain site closure. As a result of incomplete contaminant source removal, a rebound of contaminants above the levels established in the remedial action plan (RAP) has occurred in the years following system shutdown and site closure. Groundwater concentrations have raised concerns regarding potential indoor air quality at adjacent residential properties constructed in the past 9 to 10 years. The only remedial option available in the original RAP is to resume groundwater pump‐and‐treat. To remediate the source area, an alternate remediation strategy using an ozone sparge system was developed. The ozone sparge remediation strategy addresses the residual saturated zone contaminants beneath the former disposal pit and reestablishes site closure requirements without resumption of the pump‐and‐treat system. A pilot study was completed successfully; and the final system design was subsequently approved by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. The system was installed and began operations in July 2010. As of the January 2011 monitoring event, the system has shown dramatic improvement in site contaminant concentrations. The system will continue to operate until monitoring results indicate that complete treatment has been obtained. The site will have achieved the RAP objectives when the system has been shut down and meets groundwater residential criteria for four consecutive quarters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pilot scale testing composite swellable organosilica nanoscale zero‐valent iron—Iron‐Osorb®—for in situ remediation of trichloroethylene
Authors: Edmiston Paul L. , Osborne Christine , Reinbold Karl P. , Pickett Deanna C. , Underwood Laura A.
Published: December 2011

Iron‐Osorb® is a solid composite material of swellable organosilica with embedded nanoscale zero‐valent iron that was formulated to extract and dechlorinate solvents in groundwater. The unique feature of the highly porous organosilica is its strong affinity for chlorinated solvents, such as trichloroethylene (TCE), while being impervious to dissolved solids. The swellable matrix is able to release ethane after dechlorination and return to the initial state. Iron‐Osorb® was determined to be highly effective in reducing TCE concentrations in bench‐scale experiments. The material was tested in a series of three pilot scale tests for in situ remediation of TCE in conjunction with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency at a site in central Ohio. Results of these tests indicate that TCE levels were reduced for a period of time after injection, then leveled out or bounced back, presumably due to depletion of zero‐valent iron. Use of tracer materials and soil corings indicate that Iron‐Osorb® traveled distances of at least 20 feet from the injection point during soil augmentation. The material appears to remain in place once the injection fluid is diluted into the surrounding groundwater. Overall, the technology is promising as a remediation method to treat dilute plumes or create diffuse permeable reactive barriers. Keys to future implementation include developing injection mechanisms that optimize soil distribution of the material and making the system long‐lasting to allow for continual treatment of contaminants emanating from the soil matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study on hot spot detection possibility in simulated oil‐filled‐type transformer tank by using ultrasonic methods
Authors: Chen Fa‐Chung , Tang Zhi‐Cheng
Published: December 2011

Failure of oil‐filled‐type (OFT) power transformers usually results in very big losses comprising the loss of the transformer itself as well as production loss in industry. Most of the energy lost in OFT transformers, induced by faults, will become heat at a location close to the fault, which then becomes a hot spot. The detection of hot spots in OFT transformers can be an effective way for transformer fault location and diagnosis. As the OFT transformer enclosure is completely sealed and is opaque, to date there is no effective way to find out hot spots in them. It is known that ultrasonic energy can be transmitted into the sealed transformer enclosure which is filled with the fluid, and ultrasonic waves can be affected by the temperature of the materials they propagate through; so the ultrasonic method can be a possible method for hot spot detection. In this paper, we describe a study on the possibility of developing a method to detect hot spots in an environment filled with a fluid, simulating a transformer. Trails using a different times‐of‐flight (TOFs) evaluation techniques and attenuation measurement of the ultrasonic energy propagated were carried out, which showed encouraging results for locating the hot spot as well as measuring the hot spot temperature in fluids; we also discuss the possibility of applying these results to the diagnosis of OFT transformers eventually. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.