bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Gyro Drift by Using Reversal Measurement
Authors: Kume Tatsuya ,   Mechanical Engineering Centre, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Satoh Masanori , Suwada Tsuyoshi , Furukawa Kazuro , Okuyama Eiki ,   Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK),   Faculty of Engineering and Resource, Akita University
Published: April 2016

We aim to realize a large-scale straightness evaluation using a gyro. It detects tangential angles to evaluate a profile without any references. However, fluctuations of angular signal, called gyro drift, are considered a major contributor of error. We adopted a reversal measurement for eliminating the drift. The reversal measurement has been widely used for eliminating stable error from ancient. Here, we periodically performed reversal measurements for eliminating drift of a commercially available fiber optic gyro (FOG) unit. As a result, an angle could be derived with a standard deviation of 0.4 mrad for 1 hour of repeated measurements with an interval of 60 s, even though the gyro has a drift of several mrad/h including the effects of the Earth’s rotation. This indicates that the reversal measurement is effective in reducing the drift.
Effect of Surface Property on Transfer-Print of Au Thin-Film to Micro-Structured Substrate
Authors: Kaneko Arata ,   Faculty of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Murakami Hiromichi , Yamashita Takahiro
Published: April 2016

This present study describes a novel micro-fabrication technique using transfer-print of thin-film for micro-mechanical structure. Some thin-films of Au have been transferred from a stamp onto pre-structured micro-ridges of polymer substrate. These thin-films successfully form into an array of fixed micro-beams as a mechanical structure. The fabricated micro-beams typically have a thickness of less than 100 nm and a tens micro-meter long. This present paper also reports an investigation about effects of stamp surface properties. A modification of stamp surface wettability and roughness improves adhesive force (releasability) of thin-film to provide flat micro-beam without undesired deformations. Hydrophobic stamp with micro-roughness results in an increase of production yield of micro-beams to reach more than 90%. Simple mechanical test shows that the fabricated micro-beam is transversely tensioned by the supporting micro-ridges of substrate. It is clarified that the proposed process can be applied to fabricate micro/nano-mechanical elements.
Micro Drilling Simulation of Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Ablation of Glass
Authors: Motomura Fumitaka ,   Division of System Science, Nagasaki University
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study is to estimate ablated crater depth with sufficient numerical accuracy when multi-shot channels of ultra-short pulsed laser are executed for micro drilling processes on thin glass plates. In this analytical model, the plasma model, in which the free electron density and the complex dielectric function of the Lorentz model are evaluated, is applied to estimate the ablated regions and the regions damaged by laser ablation when glass is considered to be a dielectric material. The absorption coefficient and the threshold fluence are important parameters in the evaluation of the ablated crater depth and ablation rate. The parameters obtained in this numerical analysis are in agreement with the experimental results and are computed quantitatively to several laser irradiation conditions. The experimental results and analysis results are examined for multi-shot channels. In an experiment involving laser ablation using multi-shot laser beams, ablation rates for the initial shot are lower than subsequent ablation rates. The effectiveness of the modified absorption coefficient and modified threshold fluence for initial shots is confirmed for the reduction of ablation rate.
Advanced Control Strategies for Active Vibration Suppression in Laser Cutting Machines
Authors: Denkena Berend ,   Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Eckl Martin , Lepper Thomas
Published: April 2016

Due to rising energy requirements, the use of low-weight materials is becoming more important, especially in aerospace and automotive engineering. Because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are increasingly replacing metals. These materials are usually machined by milling operations. Their main problems are high tool wear, thermal damage, and surface integrity. This paper presents a machine concept and control strategy to substitute milling with laser cutting. Because a high, constant-trajectory velocity is required during laser cutting operations, a highly dynamic machine tool is needed. Conventional machine tools requiring large workspaces are inertial and therefore unsuitable for this task. Thus, a portal machine concept was investigated with an additional laser scanner and lightweight moving components. To increase path accuracy, two control strategies were implemented and analyzed in a multi-body simulation. One approach is to use a frequency-separating filter, while the second is based on estimation of tool center point positioning error using a Kalman filter. An acceleration sensor located near the tool center point (TCP) or the drive current signal can be used as input for the Kalman filter. Both input signals are investigated and compared in this paper. Results presented in this paper show that with these control strategies, highly dynamic trajectories can be realized with high precision.
Stereo Camera System with Digital Image Correlation Method for Accurate Measurement of Position and Orientation of Positioning Stage
Authors: Horikawa Yusuke ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Mizutani Akio , Noda Tomoaki , Kikuta Hisao
Published: April 2016

A stereo camera system with digital image correlation (DIC) was developed for accurate measurement of the position and orientation of a precision positioning stage. Stereo correspondence was carefully calculated by sub-image matching based on the DIC method. Camera parameters for the triangulation were determined from the measurement results ofx,y, andztranslation of an accurate positioning stage. The measured root mean square random errors were 0.6 μm in the in-plane direction and 1.7 μm in the out-of-plane direction. The proportional errors in the in-plane and out-of-plane directions were 0.2 μm/10 mm and 0.5μm/10 mm, respectively.
Special Issue on Laser Metrology for Precision Measurement and Inspection in Industry
Authors: Aketagawa Masato
Published: April 2016

Industrial production processes are becoming more difficult and complex because of the need to accept or react to global requirements for ecology, energy saving, downsizing, short lead times, information technology, etc. Metrology and inspection play very important roles in production processes because these must decide the final quality of manufactured industrial goods. Laser/optical metrology is widely used in industry to maintain meter definition traceability because it is, in principle, nondestructive. This makes laser metrology a candidate for use in final industrial inspection.

This special issue originated in Laser Metrology for Precision Measurement and Inspection in Industry 2014 (LMPMI2014), also the 11th IMEKO symposium. LMPMI2014 covers a very wide area, including precision engineering, dimensional measurement, shape measurement, micro/meso/nano metrology, interferometry, and standards and calibration technology. This IJAT special issuefeatures papers selected from LMPMI2014. Advanced papers in this issue present the latest achievements in laser metrology ranging from basic research to actual industrial application. These papers should prove useful to readers seeking to share their industrial R&D knowledge and experience.

The important contributions of the authors and reviewers are most deeply appreciated and make this issue both fascinating and its ideas far-reaching.
Development of First Production Flaw Detecting System for On-Demand Repair of Large-Scale Circuit
Authors: Ogura Ichiro ,   Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ashida Kiwamu , Akedo Jun
Published: April 2016

To realize an efficient high-mix low-volume production, improving the yield rate by reducing production flaws is an important technique. Manufacturing touch panel displays with large-scale wiring boards is a typical example of the high-mix low-volume production. The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) has proposed a laser assisted ink-jet printing (LIJ) technology, which can repair the flaws of circuits by a silver nanoparticle ink. To establish an in-process repairing system for a touch panel display, a first production flaw detecting system is necessary in combination with LIJ technology. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a new first production flaw detecting system, which detects flaws in a large-scale circuit quickly. In this report, we have covered the basic concept of the proposed system, and the details of some preliminary experiments conducted using the developed measurement system. The performance requirements for the first production flaw detecting system are discussed. The basic concept of the detecting system and optical set-up was finalized. A preliminary first production flaw detecting system with galvano-scanner and multi-photodiode array was developed to confirm its ability to detect flaws and pattern profile. Some basic experiments were conducted to check the performance of this system. A flaw was intentionally created by making a scratch on a circuit pattern; the experimental results showed that this flaw could be detected by the equipment. The height detection technique for this system and preliminary experiments conducted using the developed system are also covered in this report. By using the laser trigonometry method, the displacement of profile height was detected with sufficient accuracy.
Moiré Techniques Based on Memory Function of Laser Scanning Microscope for Deformation Measurement at Micron/Submicron Scales
Authors: Wang Qinghua ,   Research Institute for Measurement and Analytical Instrumentation,, Tsuda Hiroshi , Kishimoto Satoshi , Tanaka Yoshihisa , Kagawa Yutaka ,   Hybrid Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science,   Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
Published: April 2016

This paper presents two up-to-date moiré techniques for deformation measurement based on the memory function of a laser scanning microscope (LSM). The two techniques are the LSM overlapping moiré method and the LSM secondary moiré method. The formation principles and the measurement principles of these two methods are presented and compared to those of the traditional scanning moiré method for the first time. The applicable conditions and characteristics of these three moiré techniques are analyzed. Some typical moiré fringes on a strain gauge, carbon fiber reinforced plastics, a polyimide film, and a silicon wafer are illustrated. Our proposed LSM overlapping moiré method and LSM secondary moiré method are able to expand the application range of the LSM in deformation measurement to the micron and the submicron scales.
Calibration of Invar Angular Interferometer Optics with Multi-Step Method
Authors: Xue Zi ,   National Institute of Metrology, Huang Yao , Wang Heyan , Lin Hu
Published: April 2016

At the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China, the Small Angle Measuring System, which is based on the sine principle, was developed as the national primary standard for the plane angle in an angular measuring range of ±5°. The measurement uncertainty of this system is dominated by the accuracy of an invar angular interferometer optical system. To calibrate this angle interferometer system, a series of known reference standards were generated with a multi-step method using a double-deck rotary table. The measurement uncertainty of the calibration is estimated to be approximately 0.05'' (k=2).
3D Image Formation in Transmitted Partially Coherent and Incoherent Light Applied to Dimensional Inspection
Authors: Chugui Yuri V. ,   Technological Design Institute of Scientific Instrument Engineering,, Senchenko Elena S. ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Novosibirsk State Technical University
Published: April 2016

The peculiarities of 3D objects image formation with clear shadow projection based on the constructive theory of 3D objects formation under illumination by partially coherent and perfectly incoherent light are investigated. Threshold algorithms for determining the position of boundaries of geometric 3D objects are developed, algorithms taking into account object thickness, light source angular sizes, and projection system angular apertures. These algorithms are based on the application of a true (calculated) threshold or a standard one using the corrective component for thresholds. Cases of weak and strong 3D object volumetricity for partially coherent and incoherent illumination are studied. The analytical equations for these algorithms are given. It is shown that the use of algorithms can significantly improve the measurement accuracy of the extended objects.
CMM Dynamic Properties of the Scanning Measurement of a 2D Profile
Authors: Woźniak Adam ,   Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Krajewski Grzegorz
Published: April 2016

Scanning probe CMMs have come to be considered the standard in coordinate metrology, not only because they provide high-quantity, high-speed data gathering but also because the scanning technology significantly decreases inspection time. Modern manufacturing, especially in today’s highly competitive economy, requires increasingly efficient measuring machines and processes because inspection machines have often become the bottlenecks in the entire manufacturing processes. More efficient coordinate metrology can mean faster measurement cycles with acceptable accuracies. However, increasing scanning speeds has also significantly increased errors. This article proposes a new method of investigating and identifying the principal components of CMM dynamic errors. The principle of the method is presented, and the validity of the method is experimentally confirmed on a bridge coordinate measuring machine.
Calibrator for 2D Grid Plate Using Imaging Coordinate Measuring Machine with Laser Interferometers
Authors: Kajima Mariko ,   National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Watanabe Tsukasa , Abe Makoto , Takatsuji Toshiyuki
Published: April 2016

A calibrator for 2D grid plates have been developed. The calibrator was based on a commercial imaging coordinate measuring machine (imaging CMM). A laser interferometer for the calibration of the x-coordinate and two laser interferometers for the calibration of the y-coordinate were attached to the imaging CMM. By applying multistep measurement method for the calibration procedure, the geometrical error in the calibrator was reduced. The calibration of a precision 2D grid plate was demonstrated, and the expanded uncertainty was estimated to be 0.2 μm (k =2).
Investigation into Chemical Mechanical Polishing Mechanism of Hard-to-Process Materials Using a Commercially Available Single-Sided Polisher
Authors: Uneda Michio ,   Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Takano Keiichi , Koyama Koji , Aida Hideo , Ishikawa Ken-ichi ,   Namiki Precision Jewel Co., Ltd.
Published: April 2016

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is one of the most important processes for fabricating highly planarized substrates such as sapphire for light emitting diodes (LEDs). However, sapphire is categorized as a hard-to-process material; therefore, a long processing time is required because of the low polishing efficiency (i.e., removal rate). This study investigates the CMP mechanism for hard-to-process materials using the following polishing evaluation parameters: (1) the velocity ratio, which is defined as the ratio of slurry flow velocity between the wafer and polishing pad during CMP to the pad tangential velocity, (2) the standard deviation of the velocity ratio distribution, and (3) the polisher vibration acceleration during CMP. Each parameter was measured at five rotational speeds and two polishing pressures for a total of ten conditions using a commercially available single-sided polisher. Moreover, the influence of each parameter on the removal rate was demonstrated via a multiple correlation analysis. As a result, we revealed that the velocity ratio and polisher vibration acceleration are strongly related with the removal rate.
Fabrication of Microneedle Mimicking Mosquito Proboscis Using Nanoscale 3D Laser Lithography System
Authors: Suzuki Masato ,   Kansai University, Sawa Takahiro , Takahashi Tomokazu , Aoyagi Seiji
Published: April 2016

A mosquito’s proboscis, which is used for sucking blood, consists of seven complicated parts. For example, the labrum has a hollow structure, and the maxillae have micrometer-sized tooth like projections on its tip. In this study, microneedles imitating one labium and two maxillae were fabricated using a precision three-dimensional laser lithography system “Nanoscribe.” The maximum length of the fabricated microneedle was 2.0 mm, the minimum length required to reach human capillary blood vessel underneath the epidermis.
Characteristics of Ti-Ni-Zr Thin Film Metallic Glasses / Thin Film Shape Memory Alloys for Micro Actuators with Three-Dimensional Structures
Authors: Sakurai Junpei ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Hata Seiichi
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we investigate the characteristics of Ti-Ni-Zr thin film metallic glasses (TFMGs)/ shape memory alloys (SMAs) for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications with three-dimensional structures. The amorphous Ti-Ni-Zr thin films having a Ni content of more than 50 at.% and Zr content of more than 11 at.% undergo glass transitions and are TFMGs. The Ti39Ni50Zr11TFMG has the lowest glass transition temperatureTgof 703 K and a wide supercooled liquid region ΔTof 57 K. Moreover, it has high thermal stability atTg. However, the apparent viscosity of the Ti39Ni50Zr11is higher than those of other Ti-Ni-Zr TFMGs. Moreover, the Ti-Ni-Zr TFMG exhibits higher viscosity than conventional TFMGs because the alloy composition of Ti-Ni-Zr TFMGs/SMAs is far from the eutectic point.
Laser Modification of Silicon and Borosilicate Glass Wettability for Micro-Fluidic Systems
Authors: Aono Yuko ,   Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of  Technology, Shinohara Wataru , Tokura Hitoshi
Published: April 2016

A laser modification method to control the surface wettability of a silicon and borosilicate glass substrate is proposed and demonstrated. The wettability of the silicon surface decreases after 2.5 W laser irradiation without a change in surface morphology. When the laser power is greater than 4 W, it results in the formation of a 10-nm-deep groove and the wettability increases. These phenomena are caused by changes in the number of surface groups and morphology, respectively. On the other hand, the glass surface is modified by infrared laser irradiation and the treated surface is highly hydrophilic. Surface analysis by FT-IR indicates that the modification is the result of an increase in the number of silanol groups. The proposed modification method is applied to micro-fluidic systems. A modified line can function as a surface micro-channel. Furthermore, with a gradient in wettability, the micro-channel has the ability to self-transport water droplets.
Micro Imprinting for Al Alloy Using Ni-W Electroformed Mold
Authors: Yasui Manabu ,   Kanagawa Industrial Technology Center, Kaneko Satoru , Takahashi Masaharu , Sano Takashi , Hirabayashi Yasuo , Ozawa Takeshi , Maeda Ryutaro ,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan,   LEAP Co., Ltd, Japan
Published: April 2016

We demonstrate the heat-resistant property of a Ni-W electroformed mold (Ni-W mold) used as the micro imprinting die for an Al alloy. To enhance the transfer performance of the Ni-W mold to A2017, we carried out micro imprinting for A2017 at 600°C. However, entire Ni-W patterns stuck to A2017. It is considered that Al, a major component of A2017, and Ni, a major component of a Ni-W mold, formed an intermetallic compound at 600°C.
Development of New Spindle Cooling Technology That Concentrates Cooling Near Front Bearing
Authors: Morimura Shoichi ,   R&D Department, Okuma Corporation
Published: April 2016

A spindle cooling technology that directly cools the rotating spindle near the front bearing is effective in achieving a high-precision, high-rigidity spindle for a machining center. In conventional spindle cooling technologies, the entire spindle is cooled, which results in high cost and low efficiency. The writer developed a spindle cooling technology in which cooling is concentrated only in the necessary areas, and thus realized a low-cost, highly efficient method of cooling.
Edge-Based Quadrilateral Mesh Fitting Using Normal Vector Diffusion
Authors: Imai Yusuke ,   Department of Precision Mechanics, Chuo University, Kim Seungki , Hiraoka Hiroyuki , Kawaharada Hiroshi ,   Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo,   Division of System Research, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University
Published: April 2016

Nowadays, many manufacturers use computer-aided design (CAD) for processes such as computer numerical control (CNC) machining, simulations, and press working. They use CAD models for their simulations because the cost of performance simulations is lower than that of actual product testing. In this paper, we consider hexahedral meshes for finite element analysis because simulations using such meshes are more accurate than those using tetrahedral meshes. Our aim is to automatically generate hexahedral meshes with sharp features that precisely represent the corresponding features of the target shape. Our hexahedral mesh generation algorithm is voxel-based, and thus in our previous studies, we fitted the surface of voxels to the target surface using Laplacian energy minimization. We used normal vectors during the fitting to preserve any existing sharp features. Each face of the boundary surface of a hexahedral mesh is a quadrilateral face, which we consider to consist of four triangles. Herein, we assume that an edge of a quadrilateral surface has four normal vectors of four connected triangles. Here, we diffuse normal vectors of the target shape after extracting them to accurately preserve the shape features. Moreover, for the Laplacian energy, we add a term that matches the normal vector of the target shape with the four normal vectors of a boundary edge. Finally, we present some experimental results using our method.
Kinematics Analysis of a Novel 5-DOF Hybrid Manipulator
Authors: Guo Wanjin ,   State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Li Ruifeng , Cao Chuqing , Gao Yunfeng ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology,   Wuhu HIT Robot Technology Research Institute Co., TLD.
Published: April 2016

Application of hybrid robotics is a continuously developing field, as hybrid manipulators have demonstrated that they can combine the benefits of serial structures and parallel mechanisms. In this paper, a novel 5-degree-of-freedom hybrid manipulator is designed. The structure of this manipulator and its kinematics analysis are presented. An innovative closed-form solution was proposed to address the inverse kinematics problem. Additionally, the validity of the closed-form solution was verified via co-simulation using MATLAB and ADAMS. Finally, the reachable workspace of this manipulator was obtained for further optimizing the structure and motion control.
An Integral Method to Determine Workpiece Flow Stress and Friction Characteristics in Metal Cutting
Authors: Wahab Norfariza ,   Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Inatsugu Yumi , Kubota Satoshi , Kim Soo-Young , Sasahara Hiroyuki ,   Yamanaka Eng. Co., Ltd.
Published: April 2016

In recent times, numerical simulation techniques have been commonly used to estimate and predict machining parameters such as cutting forces, stresses, and temperature distribution. However, it is very difficult to estimate the flow stress of a workpiece and the friction characteristics at a tool/chip interface, particularly during a high-speed cutting process. The objective of this study is to improve the accuracy of the present method and simultaneously determine the characteristics of the flow stress of a workpiece and friction at the cutting edge under a high strain rate and temperature during the cutting process. In this study, the Johnson-Cook (JC) flow stress model is used as a function of strain, strain rate, and temperature. The friction characteristic was estimated by minimizing the difference between the predicted and measured results of principal force, thrust force, and shear angle. The shear friction equation was used to estimate the friction characteristics. Therefore, by comparing the measured values of the cutting forces with the predicted results from FEM simulations, an expression for workpiece flow stress and friction characteristics at the cutting edge during a high-speed cutting process was estimated.
Generation of Uniformly Aligned Dimples on a Curved Surface Using a Curved-Surface, Patch-Division Milling Technique
Authors: Xu Kai ,   ISEKI & Co., Ltd, Sasahara Hiroyuki ,   Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Tokyo University of  Agriculture and Technology
Published: April 2016

Many products are designed with surface textures that enhance the aesthetic and tactile qualities of the product. In this paper, a curved-surface, patch-division milling technique is proposed for creating uniform aligned cutter marks on a curved surface. Previous research demonstrated a ball-end milling technique that divides the surface into small planar patches where each patch is generated by a helical tool path with dimples in uniform alignment. Because the patches are planar, it is impossible to precisely machine a concave or convex surface. However, the technique could only approximate a method for machining curved surfaces. To resolve this issue, curved surface patches were developed to generate the patch directly according to the shape of the targeted curved surface. The dimples are expected to be uniformly aligned on curvedsurface patches. Therefore, the targeted surface should be cut using an appropriate machining condition. According to the test results, the distribution of dimples was the same as the pre-determined distribution. In addition, the dimples were regularly aligned when viewed from a specific angle. This proposed method overcomes the deviation of the dimple's positions, which is caused by the acceleration--deceleration of the machine tool and the change of the cutting point during five-axis machining.
Stem Cell-Based Self-Assembled Tissues Cultured on a Nano-Periodic-Structured Surface Patterned Using Femtosecond Laser Processing
Authors: Fujie Hiromichi ,   Graduate School of System Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Oya Kei , Tani Yuki , Suzuki Kenji , Nakamura Norimasa ,   Research Institute for Science and Technology, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan,   Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Tokyo, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan,   Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Published: April 2016

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of a nano-periodic-structured surface on the morphological and mechanical properties of a stem-cell-based self-assembled tissue (scSAT) developed for biological tissue repair. Nano-periodic groove structures were patterned on a pure titanium surface using femtosecond laser processing, and the structure was replicated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The depth, periodic pitch, and surface roughness (Ra) of the PDMS grooves were 48 ± 21 nm, 522 ± 9 nm, and 17 ± 5 nm, respectively. Human synovial cells, including mesenchymal stem cells, were subjected to 4-time cell passage, and then cultured on the PDMS surface at a density of 4.0 × 105cells/cm2in a growth medium with 0.2 mM ascorbic acid 2-phosphate to produce scSATs (nano-scSAT). For comparison, some of the cells subjected to 4-time cell passage were cultured on either a flat PDMS substrate with 6 ± 1 nm of surface roughness (Ra) (flat-scSAT) or a commercially available cell culture plate of polystyrene (normal-scSAT), at a cell density identical to that in the nano-scSAT group. At 28 days of cell culture, the scSATs were gently detached from the culture plates and subjected to morphological observation and mechanical testing. Microscopic observation revealed that the nano-scSATs exhibited a dense tissue of cells and an extracellular matrix with an anisotropic structure, while the flat- and normal-scSATs exhibited a sparse and isotropic structure. The tangent modulus and tensile strength were significantly higher in the nano-scSATs than in the flat- and normal-scSATs. These results suggest that a nano-periodic-structured surface improves the morphological and mechanical properties of scSATs.
Low-Energy Injection Molding Process by a Mold with Permeability Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Koresawa Hiroshi ,   Department of Mechanical Information Science and Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Tanaka Kohei , Narahara Hiroyuki
Published: April 2016

This paper describes the improvement of flow length and realization of low-energy molding in the injection molding process, by focusing on the injection mold with permeability fabricated by additive manufacturing. The mold is equipped with a sintered body with permeability, which is used as a mold insert. The inside of the sintered mold insert is structured so that the permeability should not be degraded, even if the thickness is increased. With respect to the effect of the sintered mold insert with permeability, the flow length and low-energy molding are evaluated by the filling rate of a thin section of moldings, and the electric energy of the injection molding machine that drives the screw in the injection process. Through fundamental experiments, the mold using the sintered mold insert with permeability was found to improve the flow length. The electric energy of the injection molding machine in the injection process is reduced by 6%--13% compared with the sintered mold insert without permeability.
Ergonomics Product Development of Park Bench in CAD Environment
Authors: Lin Than ,   School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Dayasoma Tharindu , Ubesiri Vishan A. , Wickramaratne Vinura ,   ,
Published: April 2016

Good ergonomic design is a very important parameter for any product. When designing a human control product, the ergonomics factors should be satisfied to make a product that will not harm the user. Considering that ergonomic factors in the design process are important, this paper presents a design methodology for developing ergonomic products. The ultimate goal of this research is to design and produce a new type of a park bench. A survey has been conducted based on Quality Function Deployment. A 3D-CAD model of the desired park bench was developed from the concept, and various human factor aspects were evaluated in Siemens Jack Ergonomics Software with digital manikins representing anthropometric data to justify the design for users.
Registration of Point-Clouds from Terrestrial and Portable Laser Scanners
Authors: Watanabe Takuma ,   The University of Electro-Communications, Niwa Takeru , Masuda Hiroshi ,   ,
Published: April 2016

We proposed a registration method for aligning short-range point-clouds captured using a portable laser scanner (PLS) to a large-scale point-cloud captured using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). As a PLS covers a very limited region, it often fails to provide sufficient features for registration. In our method, the system analyzes large-scale point-clouds captured using a TLS and indicates candidate regions to be measured using a PLS. When the user measures a suggested region, the system aligns the captured short-range point-cloud to the large-scale point-cloud. Our experiments show that the registration method can adequately align point-clouds captured using a TLS and a PLS.
Direction Estimation and Visualization of Yarns from CT Volumes of SiC Fabric
Authors: Nagai Yukie ,   The University of Tokyo, Ohtake Yutaka , Suzuki Hiromasa , Hishida Hiroyuki , Inagaki Koichi , Nakamura Takeshi ,   ,,   IHI Corporation
Published: April 2016

Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) is a material with high thermostability. Since it is lower in weight than metals realizing the same thermostability, it has been attracting increasing attention in many fields. It has an inner fabric structure made of ceramics (SiC), and the yarns of the fabric give this material rather high stiffness in the directions the yarns run. To guarantee the stiffness of the material, it is necessary to inspect the yarns. X-ray CT scanning, a non-destructive inspection technique, is one of the best ways to do this. However, the quality of a CT volume of SiC fabric tends to be very low, and the resolution is generally also low because of the restriction on the time given for the inspection and the relatively large size of CMC parts. This paper presents an algorithm for computing the directions of the yarns in an SiC fabric from a low quality CT volume, and it proposes a way to visualize the computed directions for a better recognition of the directions. It also presents some experimental results that show the effects of the proposed algorithms.
Simulation of Dislocation Accumulation in Impurity Doped-ULSI Cells and Electric Characteristic Evaluations
Authors: Sato Michihiro ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, Takahashi Yosuke ,   ,,   UACJ Corporation
Published: April 2016

The performance of semiconductor devices has improved on introducing increasing refinements to the structures of these devices. This has created various problems at the atomic level. In particular, the presence of dislocations, a type of crystallographic defect, within semiconductor devices poses a major problem. Dislocations accumulated within the device obstruct the movement of electrons and adversely affect the electrical characteristics of the device. However, previous investigations have not sufficiently clarified the relationship between accumulated dislocations and the electrical characteristics of a semiconductor. In this study, we focus on dislocations produced in the fabrication of an impurity-doped ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) device and, based on a crystal plasticity analysis, perform a simulation of the accumulation of dislocations within the device during the cooling process. We establish an analytical system by which the obtained information on dislocations is applied to a device simulator, in order to evaluate the electrical characteristics by considering the accumulation of dislocations. We investigate the effects that dislocation density and density distribution have on the characteristic current-voltage curve of the device.
Informatics to Support Tactics and Strategies in Curling
Authors: Masui Fumito ,   Department of Computer Science, Kitami Institute of Technology (KIT), Hirata Kohsuke , Otani Hiromu , Yanagi Hitoshi , Ptaszynski Michal ,   ,,   High Performance Committee, Japan Curling Association (JCA)
Published: April 2016

This paper presents game information analysis by utilizing a digital scorebook system, as the first tool for curling informatics, which supports coaches and players in realizing smart tactics and strategies in the sport of curling. Our research project, called “Curling Informatics,” aims to develop an environment to support curling strategies and tactics by realizing methods to record game information, perform analysis, and provide visualization and sharing of the information.

We found a significant correlation between the differences in shot accuracies and scores from game information collected by our digital scorebook system for more than 200 games played by the Japanese national class. The results suggest that the difference in shot accuracies is related to the difference in game scores. This is valuable new knowledge to support strategic/tactical planning in curling games. However, the correlation for games involving world-class teams becomes weaker than for the Japanese national class because there is scarcely any difference in shot accuracies.
Characteristic Model-Based Discrete Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for System with Time Delay
Authors: Zhong Hua ,   Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Yu Junhong , Ran Hanzheng ,   ,
Published: April 2016

A novel characteristic model-based discrete sliding mode control (CMDSMC) for time delay system is presented in this paper. Firstly, to solve the challenge of establishing a accurate and simple model for time delay system, characteristic theory is applied to establish characteristic mode with time delay. Secondly, due to the uncertainties of time delay system, discrete sliding mode control based on characteristic model is proposed and stability analysis is done. At last, two illustrative examples taken from literatures are included to indicate the simplicity and superiority of the proposed method.
Vehicle Control Based on Fuzzy Evaluation Knowledge Obtained by Coefficients of the ARMA Model
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi ,   Nissan Research Center, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. 1 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237, Japan
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a study on an intelligent vehicle that uses the driver's subjective evaluation model. The subject's driving task is to follow the car in front of him (the first car) and to keep the headway distance between the two cars consistent. Using ARMA model and fuzzy logic I created a subjective evaluation model that can predict the driver's subjective evaluation while performing this driving task. I realized that a subjective evaluation feedback control system would be very useful in future vehicles.
Pattern Recognition & Image Understanding based on Fuzzy Technology
Authors: Hirota Kaoru ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan, Arai Yoshinori , Nakagawa Yukiko ,   Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics, 1583 Iiyama, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-02, Japan
Published: April 2016

Four image recognition and understanding techniques based on fuzzy technology developed by the authors group have been surveyed. First topics is a fuzzy clustering with additional data applied to the remote sensing images. It is modified version of the well known FCM. A robot arm and vision system on assembling line is presented using fuzzy discriminant tree for a real time use. The repetition method is introduced into the construction of discriminant tree. Third is the pattern recognition for a models of cars which is applied a fuzzy hierarchical pattern recognition based on fixation feedback. Finally, a fuzzy dynamic image understanding system is presented using fuzzy knowledge base and fuzzy inference method to understand dynamic image understanding on general roads in Japan. These techniques are mentioned the algorithms, and some of them are with experimental results.
Reasoning about Dynamic Preferences in Circumscriptive Theory by Logic Programming
Authors: Wakaki Toshiko ,   Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan, Satoh Ken , Nitta Katsumi ,   Division of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hokkaido University, N-13 W-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060, Japan,   Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, Japan
Published: April 2016

To treat dynamic preferences correctly is inevitably required in legal reasoning. In this paper, we present a method which enables us to handle some class of dynamic preferences in the framework of circumscription and to consistently compute its metalevel and object-level reasoning by expressing them in an extended logic program. This is achieved on the basis of policy axioms and priority axioms which permit as to describe circumscription policy by axioms and play a role in intervening between metalevel and object-level reasoning. Not only the preference information among rules and metarules but also relations between dynamic preferences and priority axioms in circumscription are represented by a normal logic program. Thus, priorities can be derived from the preferences dynamically, which allows us to compute objectlevel circumscriptive theory using logic programming based on Wakaki and Satoh’s method.
Learning and Transfer of Human Real-Time Control Strategies
Authors: Nechyba Michael C. ,   The Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, Xu Yangsheng
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we address the problem of how to model human real-time control strategy and how to transfer that model to robots or humans. This class of problems is significant to a number of research areas, such as the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System, human-machine interfacing, space telerobotics, and virtual reality. Human models can benefit not only the development of more intelligent control strategies for robots and machines, but can also improve the transfer of human intelligence and skill from expert to apprentice. In this paper, we illustrate a system we developed for modeling human control strategy through the use of flexible cascade neural networks, which adjust the size of the network as part of the training process, and which can be extended with variable activation functions and node-decoupled extended Kalman filtering to achieve faster learning and better error convergence. We implement the method in modeling human real-time driving strategy and show that the HCS models converge to stable behavior, while preserving the differences between individuals’ varying control strategies. We discuss the use of HCS models for transferring skill from human expert to human apprentice; rather than learn directly from a human expert, a HCS model serves as a virtual teacher to a learning apprentice. Finally, we outline on-going research issues and future work related to human control strategy modeling and transfer, including stochastic model validation, and HCS model input selection.
Trajectory Generation for Redundant Manipulator using Virus-Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm with Subpopulations
Authors: Arakawa Takemasa ,   Department of Micro System Engineering, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-01, Japan, Fukuda Toshio , Kubota Naoyuki ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535 Japan
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we apply a virus-evolutionary genetic algorithm with subpopulations (VEGAS) to a trajectory generation problem for redundant manipulators through energy optimization. VEGAS is based on the virus theory of evolution and VEGAS has some subpopulations that usually evolve independently. In the same subpopulation, a virus infects host individuals. And a virus sometimes immigrates from one subpopulation to another. The genetic information from one subpopulation propagates in another subpopulation only through immigration of the virus. The energy-optimized collision-free trajectory was found successfully using VEGAS.
Logical Structure of Contract Law System - For Constructing a Knowledge Base of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods -
Authors: Yoshino Hajime ,   Faculty of Law, Meiji Gakuin University, 1-2-37 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108 Tokyo
Published: April 2016

In order to construct a deductive legal knowledge base, it is necessary first to clarify the structure of the law as a deductive system from which a legal judgement can be justified as a conclusion of logical deduction together with relevant facts. As the legal state of affairs changes according to the time progress of an event, a clarified logical model of law is necessary to enable us to deduce changes among legal relationships over time from the beginning to the end of a case. This study presents such a model based on Logical Jurisprudence, in which the relationship between legal sentences and the legal meta sentences regulating the validity of legal sentences plays a definitive role. The model is applied to the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) to develop a deductive knowledge base. The deductive structure of the contract law is clarified so that appropriate answers are deduced to questions about legal state of affairs at any time point as a results of the application of CISG provisions to a concrete case.
Fuzzy Modeling by Occupancy Degree and Optimal Partition of Projection Using Rough Set Theory
Authors: Cho Youngwan ,   ICS Lab., Dept. of Electronic Eng., Yonsei Univ., Lee Kichul , Park Mignon
Published: April 2016

The rough set theory suggested by Pawlak represents the degree of consistency between conditions and decision attributes of data pairs that have no linguistic information. In this paper, by using this representation feature, we define a measure called the occupancy degree that represents the consistency degree of a premise and consequent variables in fuzzy rules describing experimental data pairs. We also propose a method by which we partition the projected data on input space and find an optimal fuzzy rule table and membership functions of input and output variables from data without preliminary linguistic information. We examine the validity of the proposed method by modeling data pairs randomly generated by a fuzzy system.
Fuzzy Inference of Time Adjustment in Multimedia Information Acquisition
Authors: Oh Kabsuk ,   Dept. of Computer Science, Dongmyung College 505 Yongdang-Dong, Nam-Gu, Pusan 608-740, Korea  Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering,, Hirota Kaoru ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
Published: April 2016

A multimedia information data acquisition method is proposed based on fuzzy rules, in which multimedia mean the five human senses. Observed information is visual, acoustic, gustatory, olfactory, and tactile (VAGOT), time series data and the goal is to extract an appropriate subset of VAGOT data based on a given instruction. Here, multimedia information centers on image and sound, represented by membership functions. Fuzzy rules based on visual and acoustic information are used to identify the appropriate time interval in three experiments : various cars on a road, sunny-side-up eggs and fireworks.