bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Hirschi’s Reconceptualization of Self-Control to Explain Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization Via Attitudinal Self-Control
Authors: Zavala Egbert , Perez Graciela
Published: November 2022

Almost two decades ago, Hirschi redefined self-control as the ability to think about the full range of potential costs of a particular behavior. While a small but growing number of studies have examined the ability of this new self-control to explain various forms of criminal behavior, no study to date has determined if this reconceptualization of self-control influences the original version of self-control. Using the United States subsample of the International Dating Violence Study ( n = 4,162), this article examined whether social bond influenced self-control and whether that connection predicted IPV perpetration and victimization. Results indicated that high social bond/self-control is associated with higher self-control. Social bond/self-control and self-control are negatively associated with IPV perpetration, while only self-control was negatively related to IPV victimization. The study’s limitations and ideas for future research are discussed.
“It’s Like the Zombie Apocalypse Here”: Correctional Officer Perspectives on the Deleterious Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ferdik Frank , Frogge George , Doggett Sierra
Published: November 2022

Correctional officers are shouldered with important responsibilities designed to reinforce institutional security, yet work under hazardous conditions that can jeopardize their wellbeing. Among the myriad dangers they confront, COVID-19 has now presented itself as an additional threat to officer wellness. Presently little is known about how the coronavirus pandemic has affected officers, or their respective institutions. Semi-structured interview data collected from correctional officers working in a large, urban county jail located in the southeastern United States ( N = 21) revealed how COVID-19 significantly disrupted institutional operations, compounded health concerns for officers, and created a climate of confusion over procedures designed to contain spread of the virus. Policy implications are discussed.
Security Coproduction and Organized Crime: Micro Dynamics and Risk Factors in Guadalajara, Mexico
Authors: Strickland Rebecca Danielle
Published: November 2022

This research questions the relevance of the collective efficacy, citizen security, and broken windows theories in a Guadalajara neighborhood dominated by organized crime. Risk factors and perceptions of security were explored through observation, surveys, focus groups, collective mapping, and interviews with residents, police, and the coordinators of projects to coproduce security. Class barriers, the neighborhood’s layout, and fear provoked by the plaza that controls the local drug trade were identified as conditions that facilitate crime. However, isolated actions to coproduce security were also detected. Findings lead to reflections on how leading crime prevention theories should be adapted in such contexts, as well as the risks involved in coproducing and researching security in areas controlled by organized crime groups.
Embedding Attitudes Toward Immigrants in Solidarity Contexts: A Cross-European Study
Authors: Voicu Bogdan , Rusu Horațiu , Comșa Mircea
Published: November 2022

This article aims to retrospectively investigate the embeddedness of attitudes toward immigrants (ATI) in cultures of solidarity seen as general orientations toward solidarity measured at a country level. We predict individual-level ATI with country-level aggregated indicators of solidarity that were observed decades earlier. The latter measure local, social, and global solidarity and are explained by a general, overall orientation toward solidarity. For computing the indicators, we combine aggregate data from the European Values Study (EVS) 1999 and 2008 and individual-level data from the spring 2015 Eurobarometer to show that the effect of country-level solidarity on individual-level ATI is strong and stable. The findings reveal that cultures of solidarity have a long-term effect and are the strongest contextual determinant for individual-level ATI. Both 1999 and 2008 data proved to be related to 2015 individual-level attitudes, having a positive effect. In particular, local solidarity positively affects attitudes toward both European Union (EU) and (to a smaller extent) non-EU immigrants. General solidarity remains the most relevant, and it should be used for boosting positive views about immigrants.
A qualitative exploration of ultra-processed foods consumption and eating out behaviours in an Indonesian urban food environment
Authors: Colozza David
Published: November 2022

Background: Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks high in unhealthy fats, salt and sugar is a major driver behind rising non-communicable disease rates in Asia-Pacific. Urban residence is considered a risk factor for increased consumption of these products; yet, evidence on consumption behaviours and drivers from urban populations in the region remains limited. Aim: To understand perceptions and drivers of unhealthy fats, salt and sugar foods and drinks consumption and eating out behaviours in Yogyakarta city, Indonesia. Methods: In-depth qualitative data were collected through open-ended interviews and prolonged interactions in the local food environment, from a purposeful sample ( N = 45) equally distributed across three urban communities. Data were analysed according to the principles of content analysis and following an iterative approach. Results: Despite showing high nutritional health awareness, respondents and their household members consumed ultra-processed foods high in unhealthy fats, salt and sugar regularly. Home consumption of these products was based primarily on economic considerations and convenience, but also related to attending requests from other family members, individual preferences and tastes, and social functions. Similarly, despite a reported preference for home-cooked traditional foods, several participants or their family members would frequently eat ready-made meals away from home, due to conflicting school or work commitments. Discussion: Results suggest that public health interventions focused on nutrition education among Indonesian communities should be coupled with measures addressing urban food environment characteristics that promote the consumption of unhealthy diets, be tailored to specific age groups, and leverage traditional food cultures.
Assessing dynamical associations in dyadic interactions across multiple time scales via a Bayesian hierarchical vector autoregressive model
Authors: Chen Meng , Ferrer Emilio
Published: November 2022

Human behaviors are complex and composed of changes on multiple time scales. Recent advances in data collection technology contribute to a fast-growing number of studies with rich and intensive longitudinal data, allowing researchers to examine the underlying change processes on the time scale(s) of their choice. Processes unfolding across different time scales can be interrelated in different ways. One way is through reflecting the same underlying construct. For example, attachment styles in couples may lead to a pattern of dyadic coregulation that is reflected both in their physiological synchrony and in their daily affective coherence. Although previous research has examined romantic relationships both from a physiological and an affective perspective, the association between the two has seldom been formally evaluated. In this article, we describe a hierarchical Bayesian vector autoregressive model that enables researchers to examine whether two processes are associated by having coherent patterns. We demonstrate the specification and implementation of this model using data on two different processes between romantic partners: their second-by-second physiological synchrony and daily affect coregulation.
Governing value(s) and organizing through standards
Authors: Loconto Allison Marie , Arnold Nadine
Published: November 2022

Standards are strongly intertwined with values in economic contexts, which goes far beyond economic value. Standards’ diversity is expressed in local spaces where standards are made, put into action, circulate and commensurate. In these mutually linked and globally distributed spaces, we can analyze the ways in which standards and value(s) encounter each other and what consequences this brings for individuals, organizations, communities, and societies. Examining different settings of food production and organization brings new insights into the sociological explanations and understandings of how standards are guided by values and create value(s). These insights highlight new tensions between global and local social dynamics and offer two ways forward for the sociology of standards. First, is the importance of intermediation between the values of the standards and the governance effects of these same standards. Second, is the relevance of valuelessness, where the prioritization of some values devalues others or loses them completely.
Comparing the effects of ankle integral and conventional physiotherapy on pain, range of motion, balance, disability, and treatment effectiveness in patients with chronic ankle instability: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Negahban Hossein , Daghiani Maryam , Raeesi Javad , Sayyed Hosseinian Sayyed Hadi , Mousavian Alireza , Varasteh Hajipour Mahla , Sahebalam Mohamad
Published: November 2022

Objective

To compare the effects of ankle integral and conventional physiotherapy on pain, range of motion, balance, disability, and treatment effectiveness in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Design

Two-arm, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Participants

60 patients with unilateral CAI.

Intervention

integral physiotherapy (n = 30) or conventional physiotherapy (n = 30).

Outcomes

Visual Analog Scale (VAS), dorsiflexion and plantarflexion range of motion, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), Single Leg Hop (SLH) test, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Lower Extremity Functional Score (LEFS), global rating of change, were gathered pre and post-intervention.

Results

The ANOVA results revealed statistically significant interaction for FAOS, and LEFS outcome measures ( P < 0.05) and the mean change results showed there were a favorable clinical difference incline toward the integral group (meanintegral = 20.14 (14.95–25.37), meanConventional = 29.46 (24.09–34.83)). There were no interactions between group and time among other outcome measures ( P > 0.05). The group main effect did not show any statistical significance ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Hip strengthening and balance exercises added to ankle rehabilitation could be more favorable on improving the patients’ functional ability.
Stroke-prone salt-sensitive spontaneously hypertensive rats show higher susceptibility to spreading depolarization (SD) and altered hemodynamic responses to SD
Authors: Kang Eun-Jeung , Prager Ofer , Lublinsky Svetlana , Oliveira-Ferreira Ana I , Reiffurth Clemens , Major Sebastian , Müller Dominik N , Friedman Alon , Dreier Jens P
Published: November 2022

Spreading depolarization (SD) occurs in a plethora of clinical conditions including migraine aura, delayed ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and malignant hemispheric stroke. It describes waves of near-breakdown of ion homeostasis, particularly Na+ homeostasis in brain gray matter. SD induces tone alterations in resistance vessels, causing either hyperperfusion in healthy tissue; or hypoperfusion (inverse hemodynamic response = spreading ischemia) in tissue at risk. Observations from mice with genetic dysfunction of the ATP1A2-encoded α2-isoform of Na+/K+-ATPase (α2NaKA) suggest a mechanistic link between (1) SD, (2) vascular dysfunction, and (3) salt-sensitive hypertension via α2NaKA. Thus, α2NaKA-dysfunctional mice are more susceptible to SD and show a shift toward more inverse hemodynamic responses. α2NaKA-dysfunctional patients suffer from familial hemiplegic migraine type 2, a Mendelian model disease of SD. α2NaKA-dysfunctional mice are also a genetic model of salt-sensitive hypertension. To determine whether SD thresholds and hemodynamic responses are also altered in other genetic models of salt-sensitive hypertension, we examined these variables in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Compared with Wistar Kyoto control rats, we found in SHRsp that electrical SD threshold was significantly reduced, propagation speed was increased, and inverse hemodynamic responses were prolonged. These results may have relevance to both migraine with aura and stroke.
Association between ABO blood groups and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Iraq
Authors: Hussein Abdulhakeem D , Bakr Ekhlas Aziz , Al-Jumaili Mohammed Hadi Ali
Published: November 2022

Objective

The primary goals of this research were to analyze the relationship between ABO blood types and the severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and investigate the effect of vaccination in Iraq.

Methods

Data and outcomes were gathered from the medical records of 200 patients. Patients were categorized by blood group and vaccination status in the analysis.

Results

In total, 200 hospitalized patients (125 men and 75 women) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and blood group (ABO) and clinical data were enrolled. Of the 200 patients, 155 (77.5%) were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. The results illustrated that 25 patients died, which might have been attributable to a lack of vaccination or older age. Our analysis revealed that blood group O individuals were much less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 than non-O subjects, whereas blood group A individuals carried a higher risk of infection.

Conclusions

Our findings illustrated that immunization significantly reduces COVID-19 risk across all age groups, but there has been an increase in the number of cases because of decreased vaccine efficacy in older patients and persons with comorbidities. However, 45% vaccination coverage lowered the outbreak’s peak.
Economic Impact of Smart City Investment: Evidence from the Smart Columbus Projects
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Cheng Junmei
Published: November 2022

We introduced a research framework for the economic impact assessment of smart city investment using a computable general equilibrium model. Smart Columbus, the first smart city initiative funded by the U.S. federal government to improve urban mobility in central Ohio, was adopted as a case study. The analysis shows that smart city investment has varying effects on the local economy during the construction and operational phases. In addition, the results of distributional impacts on household income suggest that social equity should be given more attention in future planning and decision-making on smart city development, both in Columbus and beyond.
Human amniotic membrane as a multifunctional biomaterial: recent advances and applications
Authors: Jahanafrooz Zohreh , Bakhshandeh Behnaz , Behnam Abdollahi Seyyed , Seyedjafari Ehsan
Published: November 2022

The developing fetus is wrapped by a human amniotic membrane or amnion. Amnion is a promising human tissue allograft in clinical application because of its chemical composition, collagen-based, and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. In addition, amnion contains cells and growth factors; therefore, meets the essential parameters of tissue engineering. No donor morbidity, easy processing and storage, fewer ethical issue, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and non-immunogenic properties are other advantages of amnion usage. For these reasons, amnion can resolve some bottlenecks in the regenerative medicine issues such as tissue engineering and cell therapy. Over the last decades, biomedical applications of amnion have evolved from a simple sheet for skin or cornea repair to high-technology applications such as amnion nanocomposite, powder, or hydrogel for the regeneration of cartilage, muscle, tendon, and heart. Furthermore, amnion has anticancer as well as drug/cell delivery capacity. This review highlights various ancient and new applications of amnion in research and clinical applications, from regenerative medicine to cancer therapy, focusing on articles published during the last decade that also revealed information regarding amnion-based products. Challenges and future perspectives of the amnion in regenerative medicine are also discussed.
Knowledge, Skills, and Self-Disclosure Following a Sexual Abuse Prevention Program Among Iranian Preschoolers: A Cluster Quasi-Experimental Controlled Study
Authors: Maleki Zohreh , Damghanian Maryam , Rad Maryam , Farnam Farnaz
Published: November 2022

Standard empirical studies are needed despite three decades of research on child sexual abuse prevention programs (CSAPPs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of CSAPP on the child’s sexual safety. A multicenter, random cluster, quasi-experimental controlled survey was conducted in a 1:1 ratio in Tehran, Iran, from May to December 2019 in seventy 5- to 6-years-old children from 10 kindergartens. In groups of 7 to 8, the intervention group participated in four sessions of 45 minutes of face-to-face sexual self-care training, 3 to 4 days apart. The control groups received one session on accident safety. Knowledge, self-protective skills, fear, and self-disclosure were assessed respectively by the “Personal Safety Questionnaire (PSQ),” “What If Situation Test (WIST),” “Fear Assessment Thermometer Scale (FATS),” and researcher-made questions before and 8 weeks after the intervention. At the baseline, children obtained 70% of knowledge and 45% of protective skills scores. After the intervention, knowledge, protective skills, and detection of “appropriate requests” were significantly promoted ( p < .001). Detecting “inappropriate requests” did not differ; however, all quadruple skills (Say, Do, Tell, and Report) improved significantly. “Girl sex” and “parents’ education” were related factors promoting children’s protective skills. Sexual abuse self-disclosure was 4.2% ( n = 3), and one child reported child sexual abuse (CSA) only after the intervention. Despite the lack of formal education, children's basic knowledge reflects the importance of parents in preventing CSA. However, the CSAPP significantly improved children’s skills and revealed one CSA case. CSAPP should not focus solely on risky scenarios because if children cannot distinguish between safe and unsafe situations, they will experience unnecessary anxiety. Even after recognizing the dangerous conditions, CSA prevention will practically fail without appropriate reactions such as escaping and reporting. CSAPP should emphasize individual rights such as body ownership and assertiveness skills and explain the “danger of known people” with detailed scenarios, especially in collectivistic and traditional societies.
Lonely in a Crowd: Social Isolation Profiles and Caregiver Burden Among Family Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Sung Pildoo , May-Ling Lee June , Chan Angelique
Published: November 2022

Objectives

This study identified distinct social isolation profiles among caregivers, each formed by varied combinations of social disconnectedness and loneliness, and examined if and how the profiles were associated with caregiver burden.

Methods

Latent class analysis and multivariable regression were applied to data from 266 caregivers of community-dwelling older Singaporeans with cognitive impairment.

Results

Two caregiver social isolation profiles were identified: strongly connected, not lonely (86%), and moderately connected, lonely (14%). Moderately connected and lonely caregivers tended to perceive a higher level of burden than strongly connected and not lonely caregivers. Moderately connected and lonely caregivers were also more likely to be burdened by their care recipients’ poor health than their connected and not lonely counterparts.

Discussion

Caregivers who feel “lonely in a crowd” are vulnerable to caregiving stress and burden. Tailored interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, are needed to reduce the loneliness of moderately connected caregivers.
Parameter estimation study of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell using artificial hummingbird algorithm
Authors: Çelik Muhammet , Soylu Selim
Published: November 2022

This study represents a comprehensive investigation of the performance of Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm for parameter estimation for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell. With this purpose, four commercial fuel cell systems which were widely preferred in the literature such as NedStack PS6 (Case-I), 250 W fuel cell stack (Case-II), Horizon 500 W (Case-III), and BCS 500 W (Case-IV) were chosen. In order to compare the performance of this algorithm, seven well-known optimization techniques including Artificial Bee Colony, Salp Swarm Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization, Gray Wolf Optimization, Genetic Algorithm, Harris Hawks Optimization, and Whale Optimization Algorithm were used. The sum of the squared errors, computational speed, and statistical measurements were calculated for the performance comparison. In this context, the best SSE values were found as 2.06556, 5.25017, 0.02477, 0.01170 for Case-I, Case-II, Case-III, and Case-IV, respectively. The best standard deviation value was found as 1 e−6 for the Case-III. Based on the obtained results, the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm established itself as a competitive optimization technique for parameter estimation study of PEMFC in terms of computational speed and robustness.
A linear matrix inequality–based approach for estimating upper bound of settling time
Authors: Shahbazzadeh Majid , Sadati Seyed Jalil
Published: November 2022

In this article, an upper bound on the settling time is provided for exponentially stable systems by the Lyapunov theory. In order to obtain a more accurate estimate on the upper bound of settling time, an optimization problem with a nonlinear objective function needs to be solved. Since this is a complex problem, a linear matrix inequality–based algorithm is proposed to solve it. Then, we address the stability analysis problem of linear systems with the aim to derive the upper bound on the settling time. This problem is extended to design a static feedback controller for linear systems under input saturation. By solving the optimization problem, the upper bound of the settling time for the closed-loop system is minimized. Finally, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the simulation results and comparisons.
Literature review of lupus nephritis From the Arabian Gulf region
Authors: Al-Shujairi Arwa , Elbadawi Faisal , Al-Saleh Jamal , Hamouda Mohamed , Vasylyev Averyan , Khamashta Munther
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The severity of lupus nephritis (LN) varies between different ethnicities. However, there are limited data regarding disease severity for LN in patients from the Arabian Gulf region; moreover, there are no treatment guidelines developed specifically for this population. The objective of this review was to characterise the incidence of LN, current treatment practices, the severity of LN, and the pathophysiology and biomarkers associated with LN in the Arabian Gulf region.

Methods

A literature search using EMBASE was conducted in October, 2021 to identify publications reporting on the incidence, treatment practices, severity, pathophysiology or biomarkers associated with LN, from countries in the Arabian Gulf region (including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates). Additional relevant publications were provided by collaborators. A manual review of the publications was conducted to determine their relevance and data on the outcomes of interest were extracted.

Results

Of 3705 publications, 54 publications were identified as relevant. LN is one of the most commonly diagnosed renal diseases within the Arabian Gulf and approximately 10%–36% of all renal biopsies are for LN. Treatment patterns within the region appear to vary and generally follow treatment guidelines recommended by the Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR), the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). The majority of patients receive cyclophosphamide for induction therapy, whilst others receive mycophenolate mofetil. Most studies showed that the most frequently diagnosed class of LN within the Arabian Gulf region was Class IV (up to 63% of patients with LN). Sustained or increased levels of serum creatinine and proteinuria; and depressed levels of complement C3/C4 were commonly seen among patients with LN from the Arabian Gulf region.

Conclusions

This review identified that LN may manifest more severely among patients from the Arabian Gulf region than in other populations, such as Caucasian populations. A greater understanding of LN and the treatment practices within the region, as well as the development of more specific treatment guidelines for this population may help improve outcomes for patients with LN in the Arabian Gulf region.
Self-esteem and Work-related Quality of Life: Tertiary Centre Experience
Authors: Bašković Marko , Luetić Franka , Fusić Snježana , Rešić Arnes , Striber Neda , Šogorić Selma
Published: November 2022

The goal of every organisation is to have employees with high self-esteem and employees with a good work-related quality of life (WRQoL), given that such employees are more satisfied and provide better service, which is ultimately a benefit for the organization. In order for employees to have the best possible WRQoL, the responsibility lies with the administration or health system of a particular country, which is obliged to improve the organisation in all aspects. A sample of 409 participants in the Children’s Hospital Zagreb examined their self-esteem and WRQoL. The research included both health and non-health employees. For the purpose of the research, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the WRQoL scale were used. The Pearson correlation coefficient between these two variables was calculated, which is the first such study. The results showed that we have employees with a high level of self-esteem, which is an excellent resource given the fact that high self-esteem has positive implications for job satisfaction and job performance. In contrast to self-esteem, employees were extremely dissatisfied with the quality of life-related to work, especially in the following categories; Working Conditions, Job and Career Satisfaction, and Control at Work. Following the above, and qualitative research, key factors were found that the management needs to address to raise the WRQoL of employees.
Rural Palliative Care Telemedicine for Advanced Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sánchez-Cárdenas Miguel Antonio , Iriarte-Aristizábal María Fernanda , León-Delgado Marta Ximena , Rodríguez-Campos Luisa Fernanda , Correa-Morales Juan Esteban , Cañón-Piñeros Angela , Parra Sandra Liliana
Published: November 2022

Context: Telemedicine offers the opportunity to provide remote palliative care for patients to control symptoms and improve quality of life, even for patients with advanced diseases. Objectives: Establish a telemedicine model of rural palliative care for advanced cancer patients with difficulties in accessing standard care. Methods: This review comports with the minimum standards described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and uses the palliative care literature review iterative method (PALETTE) proposed by Zwakman et al in 2018. Results: Three hundred, ninety-two articles were identified in PubMed and EMBASE databases and alternative search engines such as Google Scholar and OpenGrey. A telemedicine delivery model was developed for patients with limited access to standard care, which consists of identifying the candidate population, establishing the most convenient telemedicine modality, agreeing with patients and caregivers on palliative care needs, and evaluating the interventions effectiveness. Conclusion: Telemedicine is a revolutionary tool to provide palliative care to advanced cancer patients whose clinical condition or location prevent them from accessing conventional care.
Simulation Training Approach for Cleft Lip and Palate Repair in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Borg Tiffanie-Marie , Solomon Sara , Alfarrouh Rik , Barazi Wael , Abu Sittah Ghassan , Sommerlad Brian , Ghanem Ali
Published: November 2022

Background

During periods of civil strife, the need for trauma care and lack of sufficient cleft surgeons causes an increase in children left untreated with cleft lip and palate deformities. During the Syrian war, some cleft care was provided through visiting charities, with surgeries performed both in Syria and neighboring countries. There is a need to increase the number of adequately trained cleft surgeons available in such regions so that care can be achieved beyond mission trips.

Methodology

Cleft lip and palate repair workshops were delivered to 50 doctors in Syria. Pre-workshop, trainees received supplementary learning material. During the workshop, attendees received didactic teaching followed by 2 simulation sessions. Pre- and post-workshop, attendees completed questionnaires regarding their confidence and ability to perform cleft lip and palate repair.

Results

Pre-workshop, 96% of workshop attendees had never independently performed cleft lip repair while 100% of attendees had not previously performed cleft palate repair. The mean pre-workshop confidence score was 2.452. Post-workshop, the mean confidence score was 3.503. Confidence rating scores significantly improved ( P < .001).

Conclusion

The workshop delivered in Syria, together with this cleft lip and palate simulator provides an effective training tool that may support surgical training globally, particularly those in low-income countries. Further support is needed by charity organizations to ensure the continued delivery of such training.
Extending the Psychology of Working Model for Latinx Youth: Incorporating Youth Voice
Authors: Kenny Maureen E. , Medvide Mary Beth , Wu XiYue , Guterres Karley M. P. , Yang Yunqing
Published: November 2022

Psychology of working theory (PWT) emphasizes the role of contextual constraints in career development, as well as promotive factors that might be cultivated to navigate these constraints. Although PWT has implications for promoting youth career development, most research has focused on college students and working adults. We interviewed 12 youth residing in a Latinx community with a high level of poverty and attending a well-resourced private high school with a high degree of college acceptance to explore developmentally and culturally relevant promotive factors that might inform the extension of PWT for youth. Analyses conducted through Consensual Qualitative Research revealed a strong sense of purpose and hope that were grounded in family, school, and workplace supports. Participants reported critical awareness of societal inequities and a focus on challenging inequity through hard work rather than societal change. We discuss implications for extending PWT theory, research, and intervention with Latinx youth.
Relationship of Subtalar Joint Range of Motion to Ankle Injuries in NBA G League and Collegiate Basketball Players
Authors: Shah Sarav S. , Ames Andrew , Saini Sundeep S. , Lee Sonia , Li Lambert , Brothers Courtney , Austin Tyler , Bonacum Timothy , Metcalfe Michael , Weitzel Paul , McKeon Brian , Gillespie Heather
Published: November 2022

Background:

This study sought to determine whether range of motion (ROM) of the ankle and subtalar joint complex (STJ) is correlated with ankle injuries in National Basketball Association (NBA) G-league and collegiate basketball players to identify an at-risk population that may benefit from participation in an ankle injury prevention program.

Methods:

This prospective cohort study encompassed 103 player-seasons (68 collegiate, 35 NBA G-League). Patient demographics, passive ankle and STJ range of motion measurements, anterior drawer, and talar tilt tests were collected at preseason physicals along with plain radiographs. Subtalar eversion and inversion measurements were added to assess the Combination Motion (CM) of the STJ and subtracted to calculate the Subtalar Difference (SD). We defined the ratio of CM to SD as Subtalar Mobility Index (SMI=CM/SD).

Results:

Twenty-one ankle injuries occurred with 10 405 player exposures yielding an incidence of 2.11/1000 exposures, resulting in 113 days of missed playing time. No direct measures of ankle, subtalar, or combined motion were associated with risk of injury, rejecting our original hypothesis that increased STJ ROM would predispose to ankle injuries. However, we did find that athletes with CM >16 degrees in combination with either SD <6 degrees ( P = .025) or SMI >3.75 ( P = .032) were nearly 3 times more likely to have an ankle injury (3.14 vs 2.97, respectively).

Conclusion:

Using the predictive subtalar mobility thresholds found in this study may help identify at-risk players that may benefit from targeted ankle injury prevention programs.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective cohort study.
Socioeconomic factors and autism among 16- to 30-month-old children: Evidence from a national survey of China
Authors: Cao Muqing , Li Li , Raat Hein , Van Grieken Amy , Wang Xin , Lin Lizi , Chen Qiang , Jing Jin
Published: November 2022

We examined the association of socioeconomic status with the diagnosis of autism during 16–30 months of age. Using data from a national survey in China, we included 6049 children (55.6% male) in the final analysis, among which 71 of them were clinically diagnosed with autism. Adjusted for covariates, the odds ratios for having the diagnosis of autism (2.46, 95% confidence interval: [1.32, 4.59]) among children whose mother’s level is “junior middle school or below” were significantly higher than children whose mother’s level is “college or above.” Among children of lower educated mothers, there is a higher risk of being diagnosed with autism at a young age. We recommend more support for families with a low socioeconomic status to early detect, diagnose, and manage autism.

Lay abstract

Does being born in a family of high socioeconomic status mean a higher risk of being diagnosed with autism? The evidence from the Asian area is lacking. This research was conducted among 6049 toddlers who went through an evaluation–diagnose procedure of autism and whose parents were surveyed during the national survey of China, 2016–2017. Parents reported their education levels, occupations, family income, and ethnic background. We recruited the toddlers and parents from kindergartens, communities, and hospitals in five geographically representative areas of China. On average, these toddlers were 23 months of age. We found toddlers whose mothers had less than 9 years of education (junior middle school or below) had 2.46 times the chance to get a diagnosis of autism, compared with toddlers whose mothers had more than 15 years of education (college or above). We also found that 1.17 toddlers could be diagnosed with autism in each 100 Chinese toddlers. These findings have important implications for providing support to families that have low socioeconomic status, especially families with a mother who did not complete 9 years of education. Early detection programs focused on children from low socioeconomic backgrounds should be promoted.
Traumatic experiences and PTSD symptoms in substance use disorder: A comparison of recovered versus current users
Authors: Belfrage Anna , Mjølhus Njå Anne Lill , Lunde Siri , Årstad Janne , Fodstad Elise Constance , Lid Torgeir Gilje , Erga Aleksander Hagen
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of traumatic experiences and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in treatment-seeking individuals with ongoing substance use disorder (SUD) compared to individuals who have recovered from SUD. Methods: Patients with SUD recruited from the STAYER study (N = 114) underwent an examination of alcohol and drug use, childhood trauma, negative life events and PTSD symptomatology. In this study, only participants with 12-month concurrent polysubstance use was included. Using historical data from the STAYER study, alcohol and drug trajectories were dichotomised as (1) current SUD (current SUD) or (2) recovered from substance use disorder (recovered SUD). Crosstabs and chi-tests were used to measure differences between groups. Results: Childhood maltreatment, traumatic experiences later in life and symptoms of concurrent PTSD were highly prevalent in the study population. We found no significant difference between the current and recovered SUD groups. Recovered women reported a lower prevalence of physical neglect ( p = 0.031), but a higher prevalence of multiple lifetime traumas ( p = 0.019) compared to women with current SUD. Both women with current SUD and recovered women reported a significantly higher prevalence of sexual aggression than men ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, men who have recovered from SUD reported a lower prevalence of PTSD symptoms over cut-off 38 ( p = 0.017), of re-experiencing ( p = 0.036) and of avoidance ( p = 0.015), compared to recovered women. Conclusion: Reported trauma did not differ between persons with current SUD and those who had recovered from SUD. Gender differences discovered in this study indicate the importance of developing individualised and gender-specific treatment models for comorbid PTSD/SUD.
“Sometime in the future”—The technology entrepreneur as utopian market hero
Authors: Luri Ignacio , Kaliyamurthy Ashok Kumar , Farmer Matthew
Published: November 2022

In this conceptual article, we outline a process through which some technology entrepreneurs come to be viewed as heroes in the public’s eye. We argue that market heroism relies on top-down narratives of imagined future utopias that combine with bottom-up consumer desire for those utopias. While extant marketing theory has typically focused on imagination of products and consumption, we expand the conversation by highlighting the importance of consumer imagination for an idealized future time. The relevance of our process to consumer behavior lies with the potential for products and services to indirectly represent that imagined future time. Synthesizing work in and beyond marketing, we map out a process by which technology entrepreneurs attempt to enlist the participation of consumers, media, and the state into their visions of social and market progress. In doing so, we bring critical attention to the effect of heroic discourses of technological utopias and the ideological ground that supports and enables such discourses.
Numerical study on the combined bearing performance of tripod-bucket foundation for floating and fixed wind turbines
Authors: Sun Zhihao , Yin Qilin , Zhai Jinjin , Yuan Zhiming
Published: November 2022

The tripod-bucket foundation has been proposed as an alternative foundation type for floating and fixed wind turbines. Its combined bearing capacities are necessary for describing the ultimate load combinations of the foundation. In this paper, three-dimensional finite element models of tripod-bucket foundations are constructed based on the structure-soil-interaction. Considering the foundation being used for floating and fixed wind turbines, the vertical upward and downward load conditions are involved and the calculation results were compared in detail. The uniaxial ultimate bearing capacities Vult, Hult, and Mult, as well as the V-H, V-M, H-M, and V-H-M failure envelopes of the tripod-bucket foundation in homogeneous clay are calculated. The failure mechanisms of soil surrounding the tripod-bucket foundation under different uniaxial loads are compared. Results show that the bearing capacities are much lower when the tripod-bucket foundation is subjected to upward loads than the downward load. The modes of the H- M envelope changing with the vertical load are quite different, comparing the vertical upward and downward load conditions.
Teaching Trauma Content in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Gladden Jessica , Weller Bridget E. , Hernandez Adrian , Hopkins Andrea
Published: November 2022

Higher education must prepare future mental health providers to work with individuals who have been exposed to trauma. This is vital to the success of students’ practice, many of whom would benefit from trauma reduction strategies in their own lives. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the knowledge base on teaching methods that may reduce the potential that trauma content in the classroom could cause: (a) re-traumatization; (b) vicarious traumatization; or (c) secondary traumatic stress (collectively “adverse consequences”) in higher education students. This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA-P guidelines. A total of 27 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria, which included studies that focused on teaching methods that were used to teach trauma content for students in higher education, peer-reviewed articles, and articles published in English before February 12, 2020. Studies were identified based on key words and the full-text articles were reviewed by two authors who discussed discrepancies until consensus was obtained. Researchers recommend using a variety of teaching approaches, from teaching about self-care to journaling. However, the major findings showed that few studies analyzed the effectiveness of these methods, and that therefore, the effectiveness of various methods to address the adverse consequences of teaching trauma content is unknown. Further research is needed, including cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in this area.
Bayesian inference-based prognosis of fatigue damage for MPPO polymer using Zhurkov fatigue life model
Authors: Doh Jaehyeok
Published: November 2022

In this study, the fatigue damage prognosis of a modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) polymer is performed using a Bayesian framework, and a Zhurkov model-based dynamic fatigue life model is employed to obtain the probabilistic stress–cycle (P-S-N) curve. Activation energy and tensile tests are performed to determine the aleatory uncertainty of the lethargy coefficient of the Zhurkov fatigue life model. This uncertainty is quantified by performing sequential statistical modeling using experimental data with embedded scattering. The P-S-N curve is estimated using these data, and the Zhurkov fatigue life model is validated via the fatigue test. Furthermore, damage data are obtained via a low-cycle fatigue analysis in conditions identical to those of the fatigue test conducted on the specimen scale. Based on computational damage data, the initial model parameters of the fatigue damage model are obtained using the least-squares method. These model parameters are estimated while considering scattering by applying the Markov Chain Monte Carlo and particle filter. Therefore, the remaining useful life (RUL) of the MPPO, which depends on the amplitude stress, is predicted under the tension–tension fatigue loading ( R = 0), and the prediction accuracy of the RUL is evaluated using prognostics metrics.
Dupuytren contracture: using qualitative data to inform a conceptual framework for shared decision-making
Authors: Cichocki Meghan N. , Chung William T. , Kane Robert L. , Chung Kevin C.
Published: November 2022

Multiple treatment options are available to patients with Dupuytren contracture, making shared decision-making complex. Our rigorous qualitative analysis sought to understand patient perceptions of shared decision-making in Dupuytren contracture treatment and create a conceptual framework to optimize patient-physician communication. We interviewed 30 patients with Dupuytren contracture to learn about their experience with treatment selection. The following themes were integral to shared decision-making for Dupuytren contracture treatment: discussing disease progression and treatment initiation, presenting all available treatment options, assessing patients’ pre-existing biases towards treatment, patient values and preferences for treatment trade-offs, treatment risks and benefits, physician recommendation and active patient participation. This model can optimize communication about treatment options and expectations for relevant outcomes including, recovery time, contracture recurrence, complications, and treatment-related expenses.

Level of evidence: V
Real-world outcomes associated with switching to anti-TNFs versus other biologics in Crohn’s Disease patients: A retrospective analysis using German claims data
Authors: Zhuleku Evi , Antolin-Fontes Beatriz , Borsi Andras , Nissinen Riikka , Bravatà Ivana , Barthelmes Jennifer Norma , Le Bars Manuela , Lee Jennifer , Passey Alun , Maywald Ulf , Deiters Barthold , Bokemeyer Bernd , Wilke Thomas , Ghiani Marco
Published: November 2022

Background:

The positioning of new biologic agents for the treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD) following failure of initial anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy remains a challenge in the real world.

Objectives:

This study aims to investigate the real-world outcomes associated with the sequential use of biologics in CD patients that newly initiate anti-TNFs, specifically comparing those that switch to another anti-TNF versus biologics with other modes of action.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:

We identified CD patients who newly began anti-TNF therapy between 1 October 2014 and 31 December 2018 using two German claims databases. Patients were classified as within-class switchers (WCS) if they switched to another anti-TNF or outside-class switchers (OCS) if they switched to vedolizumab (VDZ) or ustekinumab (UST). To compare WCS and OCS, baseline covariates were adjusted through inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and time-to-event analyses were performed using Cox Proportional Hazard regressions. Results from both databases were meta-analyzed using an inverse variance model.

Results:

Overall, 376 prevalent adult CD patients who initiated anti-TNFs and switched to another biologic were identified. After IPTW, there were 152 and 177 patients in the WCS and OCS group, respectively. WCS were more likely to receive prolonged corticosteroid therapy [hazard ratio (HR): 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–2.27, p = 0.004], switch a second time to a different biologic (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.63–3.66, p < 0.001), and discontinue treatment (HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.25–2.34, p = 0.001) than OCS.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that CD patients exhibit more favorable outcomes when switching outside the anti-TNF class to VDZ or UST after initial anti-TNF failure than switching to a second anti-TNF. With loss of response to anti-TNFs as a concern in the real world, comparative evidence from claims data assessing sequential use of biologics can help optimize treatment algorithms of patients after anti-TNF failure.