bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Influence of a Six-Week Extended School Year Program on Maintaining the Development Level of Young Children with Disabilities
Authors:   , Post Shelly
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the difference in pretest and posttest scores between those children who attended an extended school year program and those children who did not. Twenty-five early childhood special education (ECSE) students, ranging in ages from 3 to 6 years, attending an ECSE program in a small rural area in central Kansas, participated in this study. The students were pretested and post tested using the Battelle Developmental Inventory. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the retention of skills between the children who attended the extended school year program and those who did not in the personal -social, adaptive, fine and gross motor, and cognitive domains. The children were also compared by ages and gender. When compared by ages, the significant difference was greater between the 4-year-olds than the 5-year-olds. The comparison by gender showed the significant difference was greater between the boys than the girls.
The Figure as a Form in Cast Metal
Authors:   , Russell Crawford
Published: February 2023

This graduate problem consists of sketches, small maquettes in lead, and larger figure studies in cast brass. This work has been accomplished during the years 1964 through 1966. This report is intended to add clarification to this graduate work. It will describe the artist’s purpose and trace idea development from the origin to the completion of the art form. It is intended that the work will demonstrate an ability to discern the essential elements of the figure that apply to three-dimensional form. It is intended to show a sensitive reaction to emotions and attitudes found within human associations. The thesis is evidence of an ability to make aesthetic and technical decisions related to cast metal sculpting and an ability to develop and culminate ideas in a subtle and sensitive way in cast sculpture.
Visual Comments in Watercolor Media
Authors:   , Helwig Harold
Published: February 2023

It is the purpose of this study (1) to develop clarity in expression through the watercolor media; (2) to promote a deeper insight into the creative act; (3) to develop communication between the artist and the public; (4) to handle the content as subjectively as possible; and (5) to be as diverse as the media will allow.
Response Elimination in Humans: A Comparison of Differential-Reinforcement-of-Other-Behavior, Extinction, and Reinforced Alternative Responding
Authors:   , Morgan Robert
Published: February 2023

Three procedures designed to eliminate a response were compared in 4 groups of 5 introductory psychology students. The procedures were: 1) differential reinforcement-of-other-behavior, where reinforcement occurred when the response was not emitted, 2) reinforcement of an alternative response while the target response was on extinction, and 3) extinction, which was in effect for all conditions. A control group was included, in which reinforcement continued for making a response. Each group was run on 4 experimental phases: 1) baseline training, where the lever - pressing target response was reinforced, 2) target response elimination, 3) a durability test, where any response could produce reinforcement, and 4) another durability test, where extinction was in effect for all responses. Reinforcement of an alternative response was the only effective procedure. On the durability tests, the alternative reinforced response group maintained low target response rates. Results corresponded with previous investigations which found that the alternative reinforced response procedure was effective, but differed from other studies which found that the differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior procedure was effective.
Effectiveness of Different Dimensions of Social Support for Threats and Challenges
Authors:   , Johnson Kelli
Published: February 2023

Although there have been a considerable number of empirical findings providing evidence for the beneficial effects of social support on psychological and physical well being, the research has been limited in that it has often failed to determine which specific types of social support are most effective in helping people cope with different types of stressors. The purpose of this study was to test hypotheses derived from a recently presented specificity model by Cutrona and Russell (1990) in which they predicted which specific types of social support would be most effective with particular stressors. A secondary purpose of this study was to attempt to replicate results of a study recently conducted by Wadkins (1991) in which she asked if particular types of social support are effective in helping persons cope with threats as compared to their effectiveness in helping persons cope with challenges. A sample of 160 students was asked to complete questionnaires that measured types of perceived social support, intensity of negative effect associated with identified threats and challenges, and mood levels. It was hypothesized that instrumental social support and esteem social support would be more effective in helping people cope with challenges than threats, and that emotional social support would be more effective in helping people cope with threats than challenges. Although these hypotheses were not supported by this research, results did yield a significant interaction suggesting that appraisal social support buffers the negative effects of individuals experiencing threats. Moreover, one other significant interaction suggested that participants benefitted from overall (types combined) social support when coping with threats.
Moral Reasoning and Personality Variables in Relation to Moral Behavior
Authors:   , Drass Stephen
Published: February 2023

This research investigated relationships between moral reasoning, personality variables, and moral behavior. Three hypotheses about these relationships were proposed. The first was that moral reasoning is positively related to moral behavior; the second was that certain personality variables are positively related to moral behavior. The third and major hypothesis was that a combination of moral reasoning and personality variables is the better predictor of moral behavior than either moral reasoning or personality variable separately. This research was an extension of a previous study by Krebs and Rosenwald (1977). The method involved administering a measure of moral reasoning and a measure of personality to 74 subjects from undergraduate psychology courses. The measure of moral reasoning was the short form Rest’s (1974) Defining Issues Test: the personality measure was the California Personality Inventory. These two tests were administered to a subject in the context of single group session. During a session the experimenter told the subjects that he would have to cut the session short because of room scheduling problems, and that he would have to give them a third test to take home and complete, and then return by mail. This arrangement with subjects presumably had a moral character in part because they were dismissed with the reminder that since they had received extra class credit for a certain amount of participation, and since they had signed up for participation, they had essentially contracted to complete all tests. The experimenter also made clear that he was trusting the subjects to complete and return the third test. The main measure of oral behavior was whether or not subjects returned this test. Application of discriminant analysis technique to the data revealed that neither a combination of moral reasoning variables alone nor a combination of personality variables alone could significantly predict return/nonreturn behavior. Hence the first and second hypotheses of the research were not confirmed in this study. The third hypothesis, however, was confirmed by a further discriminant analysis finding. This was that a discriminant function involving a combination of six moral reasoning and personality variables could be used to significantly predict return/nonreturn behavior. The percentage of return/nonreturn cases correctly classified when using this function was 86.54%. In discussing the results in was noted that the particular pattern of six discriminating variable involved in this function was not entirely predicted in advance, and that this increased the need to replicate the present findings. Nevertheless, conventional interpretation of the more important variables in this pattern yielded a composite moral reasoning/personality picture that seemed sensibly related to return and nonreturn behavior. Moreover, the findings served to point to the potential usefulness of employing a combination of characteristics of persons in order to predict moral behavior.
Expressing Conceptions Through Experimental Variations of Welded Techniques
Authors:   , Ferguson Vearl
Published: February 2023

Manuscript contains photographic slides not appended to this PDF.
Wedding Day Perceptions as Related to Marital Stability and Marital Satisfaction
Authors:   , Pierce Lisa
Published: February 2023

This study examined whether a person's perception of his or her wedding day was related to marital stability, and self-reported marital satisfaction. Participants were recruited in two different ways: (a) from psychology courses at Fort Hays State University, and (b) from the Hays community. A total of 110 participants were recruited (43 males and 67 females). Participants were divided into four groups: (a) persons married less than three years currently married, (b) persons married less than three years currently divorced, (c) persons married at least three years currently married, and (d) persons married at least three years currently divorced. Data were collected in individual and group settings. Participants read and completed an informed consent form, a Participant Data Form, and a Wedding Day Questionnaire designed for this study. Three different hypotheses were addressed in this study: (a) persons currently married would report that they felt an overall more positive perception of their wedding day than those divorced, (b) persons who reported an overall more positive perception of their wedding day will rate their marriage as more satisfying, and (c) persons married less than three years and currently divorced would report the most overall negative perception of their wedding day of all participants. Results supported all three hypotheses.
Exploring Quality of Life in Adult Asthmatics
Authors:   , Klaus Rhonda
Published: February 2023

Asthma is a chronic condition that affects individuals of all ages and its prevalence is on the rise (Yen, Yelin, Katz, Eisner, & Blanc, 2006). The prevalence is highest in the United States and Canada (Lougheed. 2007). Poorly controlled asthma leads to decreased health and well-being and limitations in daily activities (Meyer, Sternfels, Fagan, & Ford, 2002). One of the goals of asthma treatment is to improve quality of life. The objective of this investigation was to assess the existence of a relationship between (a) quality of life with asthma and educational levels of individuals, (b) quality of life with asthma and number of clinic visits to an allergy/asthma specially clinic, and (c) level or education and the number or clinic visits by the patient. Asthma patients were identified by the physician. Data collection was obtained via the use or the Mini Asthma Quality or Lire Questionnaire (Mini-AQLQ) developed by Professor Elizabeth Juniper (Juniper, Guyau, Ferric, & Griffith, 1993). Level of education or participants was assessed utilizing a brief questionnaire developed by the investigator. Spearman's rho is the statistical test that was utilized to determine if a relationship existed between asthma quality or life and educational levels or individuals, in addition to determining if a relationship existed between educational levels of individuals and number or clinic visits by the patient. Pearson's product-moment correlation was the statistical test utilized to determine if a relationship existed between number of clinic visits and asthma quality of life. / A convenience sample (N=50) was obtained from an allergy/asthma specialty clinic in north Texas from May 12 to July 11, 2008. Correlations were calculated using Spearman's rho and Pearson's product moment correlation. / Research question number one was, \What is the relationship, if any, between level of education in adult asthmatics and asthma quality of life?\ Level of level of education (skewness = -.946, kurtosis .300) and quality of life scores obtained from the completion of the Mini-AQLQ (M = 5.88, SD= .936) were correlated. râ€™s = .091, p = .530. / Research question number two was, \What is the relationship, if any, between number of clinic visits and quality of life in adults with asthma'?\ Number of clinic visits (skewness = .907, kurtosis, .128) and quality of life (M = 5.88, SD = .936) were correlated, r= -.028, p = .845. / Research question number three was, \What is the relationship, if any, between level of education and number of clinic visits in adults with asthma?\ Level of education (skewness = -.946, kurtosis .300) and number of clinic visits (M= 1.44, SD = .577) were correlated, râ€™s = .008, p = .954. / This investigation found that there were no statistically significant relationships between quality of life in adult asthmatics, level of education completed, or number of clinic visits at this investigational site.
Stem Anatomy of Twelve Forbs of The Family Compositae Growing Near Hays, Kansas
Authors:   , Lin Cheng
Published: February 2023

The importance of forbs to the livestock diet seems to come from their high percentage of calcium and phosphorus (Runyon, 1947). Furthermore, they also contain a higher amount of moisture (Savage and Heller, 1947) which makes them more succulent and therefore more palatable than the grasses during drought. This condition of greater succulence is due in part at least to _the more deeply penetrating roots of the forbs (Albertson, 1937). Observations also have indicated the possibility of a considerable amount of latex, oils and resins in the green forb plants. Because of the importance of these plants it was thought wise to make a study of the anatomy of as many species as time would permit. The following features of the plants selected were studied: (1) diameter of stem, (2) number and radial diameter of vascular bundles, (3) number and diameter of resin ducts, (4) amount of pith, (S) presence of pericyclic fibers, (6) ratio of diameter of conductive tissue to diameter of total stem and (7) the proportion of primary body to secondary body.
A Study of Financial Ratios in Seven Farm Equipment Dealer Organizations in Kansas
Authors:   , Good Ronald
Published: February 2023

The financial ratio is one of the more popular methods used in the analysis of a business organization. It is useful in providing indications of problem areas in a business as well as providing indications that a business is performing adequately. The purpose of this study was to conduct a financial analysis of seven farm equipment dealerships in the state of Kansas to determine problem areas in their structure as well as show the well-managed portions of each business. A hypothesis was developed in order to show the operational efficiency of each business and each ratio was tested to determine whether or not the hypothesis was plausible for each individual ratio. The Hypothesis: Hypothesized the value of eleven financial ratios are inferior to the national average attained by dealers in a like category. Actual data from seven farm equipment dealer organizations in Kansas was acquired for the study and eleven financial ratios were used for analysis of the data. The results of the calculated ratios were analyzed as to the trend or pattern being followed. They were also compared to a national average which was attained by dealers in the same volume category. The findings in the study generally support the hypothesis of the author. It was found that the hypothesis was accepted more times than it was rejected, which indicates that the operational efficiency of the majority of the businesses in the study is below the national average attained by concerns of a like nature and category.
Academic Burnout In College Students: The Impact of Personality Characteristics and Academic Term on Burnout
Authors:   , Norez Daphne
Published: February 2023

Burnout is a condition which can affect people in a variety of settings. It is associated with reduced productivity and satisfaction; increased rates of mood disorders such as depression and anxiety and a plethora of physical problems including increased inflammation biomarkers and cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, fatigue, lowered immunity, headaches, and gastrointestinal distress. Burnout has primarily been studied as an occupational hazard, but there is increasing evidence that it is a condition that can be experienced in other settings, such as school. The purpose of this study was to investigate how personality characteristics (such as extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism) and term classification (freshman, sophomore, etc.) affect academic burnout in a sample of college students. This paper includes a brief summary of the history of the study of burnout, a discussion of the existing literature on the topic, hypotheses suggested by previous studies conducted in this field, and a description of the method, results, limitations, possible future directions and conclusions of this study.
Life and Body
Authors:   , Blehm Andrea
Published: February 2023

My work seems to have a type of quiet nervousness. You don’t quite know what to think or feel about my work, and even sometimes I don’t. My images have a private sub-text which is not sexual but sensual in creating a balance of texture and form. I overlap these textures and forms to create a visual story silenced by the camera’s instant. I focus on the female form for the canvas of my work, adding textures and layers to create a balance. I am influenced by female artists and their messages about being a woman in “Her” world. My images can hold a secret or give it to you the way it is.
Hitler and Keitel: An Investigation of the Influence of Party Ideology on the High Command of the Armed Forces in Germany Between 1938 and 1945
Authors:   , Schmeller Helmut
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of National Socialist ideology on the High Command of the Armed Forces in Germany between 1938 and 1945. As a result of Hitler's desire to coordinate all institutions of the state to serve the National Socialist Weltanschauung, the Army of the Weimar Republic found itself exposed to political pressure both from within and from without: Hitler's elimination of the SA as a possible threat to the position of the Reichswehr, the introduction of conscription, and his assumption of the direct command over the Armed Forces were all stages which led to increased influence of Party ideology on the Armed Forces. The creation of the High Command of the Armed Forces in 1938 and the appointment of Wilhelm Keitel as Chief of the OKW represented the culmination of a development which had begun under Field Marshal von Blomberg and which had been diverted from its original course, namely to bring about a unified command of the Services, to serve the needs of Hitler in his role as Supreme Commander. Although relations between the Armed Forces and Hitler were not without friction during the campaigns in the West, the contrast between the traditional minded Corps of Officers and Hitler became more obvious with the beginning of the war against the Soviet Union. Because of the ideological nature of this conflict and the apparent lack of enthusiasm of the generals for the implementation of ideological goals in the Eastern campaign, Hitler decided to take over direct command of the Army in the East. This act signalled the breakdown of the higher organization of the Armed Forces and reduced the High Command to the role of Hitler's military bureau. The Chief of the High Command found himself involved in political and ideological measures which, although criminal in nature, he supported because he felt obedience and loyalty to be the prime virtues of a soldier. The last-minute effort to convert the Armed Forces to a truly National Socialist instrument of power turned out to be, like all previous attempts in that direction, a failure. The thesis of this paper is that in spite of prolonged and intense pressure by the Party on the Armed Forces, the military, as a whole, did not accept the ideology of the movement.
Comparison of Geographic Informasystem Software (Arcgis 9.0 and Grass 6.0) : Implementation and Case Study
Authors:   , Buchanan Todd
Published: February 2023

Beginning in the early 1960s, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have evolved from mainframe computer programs written in FORTRAN into the highly complex desktop PC software that we have today. In the early 1980s, GIS development went in two directions. Commercial GIS companies such as ESRI began producing commercial GIS packages such as ArcView while the United States Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) began developing a “no fee” GIS package called Geographic Research Analysis Support System (GRASS). ESRI’s ArcView would ultimately evolve into present day ArcGIS 9.0, while the CERL version of GRASS would eventually become today’s open source and freely available GRASS 6.0. / The objective of this study was to characterize and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of ArcGIS 9.0 and GRASS 6.0 for application involving land use classification analysis. The hypothesis of the study was that GRASS GIS implementation would be more involved and time consuming than ArcGIS, but would ultimately provide an effective alternative to ArcGIS. / A land use classification and analysis case study of Eugene-Springfield, Oregon, was used to compare the two packages. Throughout the course of the study, a detailed journal was kept documenting the land use classification process in both programs. Categories ranging from installation to post-classification analysis and map layout capabilities were documented for comparison. Upon completion of the analysis, each category was scored to compare strengths and weaknesses of both packages. / The results of the study supported the hypothesis within the limitations of the case study. ArcGIS is indeed more straightforward than GRASS. However, GRASS proved itself fully capable of performing the operations required by the case study and outperformed ArcGIS in several categories. When used in a land use classification analysis, results showed GRASS to be an effective, low cost alternative to ArcGIS.
A Study of the Fair Trade Laws from Time of Enactment to Present
Authors:   , Kester James
Published: February 2023

It was the intent of the writer to present the pro and con attitudes on the controversial question: \Why should we have fair trade legislation in the United States?\ In order to present these attitudes, it was necessary to study the fair trade laws from before their enactment to present. Since the states enacted fair trade statutes prior to any Federal enactments, emphasis was placed on the state legislation. The only state fair trade laws considered were those of Kansas; although, they are very similar to other state enactments. Kansas fair trade legislation was mandatory as was most other state legislation, but the Federal legislation is merely permissive. Letters of inquiry were sent to the United States Chamber of Commerce, Kansas Chamber of Commerce, Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey, and several Congressmen of Kansas. This information was used to bring the study up to date since the last Federal enactment took place in 1958. The consensus presented was that the only person who might have a need for this type of legislation would be someone who had lost his distribution channels through loss leader selling, and then the remedy should come through Unfair Competition legislation, not through fair trade legislation.
An Analysis of Mesoscopic Structures in Selected Areas Within the Potato Hills, Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma
Authors:   , Allen Mark
Published: February 2023

Structural field evidence indicates that the Potato Hills, located in the central zone of the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma, represent a series of fault-drag folds created by imbricate thrust faulting and back thrusting. An analysis of mesoscopic structures, combined with detailed mapping, reveals a complex structural and tectonic history of the area. Deformation in this area is the result of a progressive deformational event directed to the north to northwest. Thrust faults are found on either the north or south sides of major anticlines called fault-drag folds. These anticlines were created as lower Paleozoic strata were thrust over Mississippian and Pennsylvanian strata. All thrust faults, except the North Potato Hills thrust, are imbricate, north-directed thrusts from the Windingstair fault decollement. The North Potato Hills thrust is a south-directed back thrust. The Potato Hills are a direct result of movement on the Windingstair fault and represent a leading imbricate-fan thrust system. The Windingstair fault is the leading thrust in this system.
The Growth of The Educational Program In Kansas For Handicapped Children
Authors:   , McArthur Bill
Published: February 2023

Kansas, as well as the other forty-seven states, assisted by the Federal Government, has long recognized the need for the caring of the physical well-being of its children. To this end monetary appropriations and various agencies have been set up by legislation to provide food, shelter, and clothing for children whose parents could not provide these essentials. This has al.so been done for those who needed medical care and other physical corrections as well as for those whose mentality has not developed to an extent to permit them to make their way among normal people. However, “Man shall not live by bread alone,” While physical and mental health are paramount., the mind as well as the body needs to be trained so that an individual may live a fuller life. The old idea that a warped body must house a warped mind has been discarded. The real crux to the situation is that too frequently an excellent mind has been cudgeled and frustrated because its encasing clay has not permitted it to take part in the normal activities of living. What has been done to assist children handicapped in such a way as to prevent their attending regular public schools and securing a normal education? The purpose of this thesis is to trace The Growth of the Educational Program in Kansas for Handicapped Children. The thesis proposes to trace legal provisions covering the education of handicapped children as found in legislation, both territorial and state, in Kansas up to the present time. Furthermore, the thesis will explore what state institutions and other agencies have done to assist in the education of handicapped children.
Demythologizing: Effect on Attitudes
Authors:   , Selburg Jack
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to assess whether a written demythologizing handout, which points out myths about mental patients and the medical model, would affect students' attitudes toward specific behavioral descriptions. Each subject responded to one of six possible behavioral descriptions that was based on two independent variables. The first independent variable was Past Hospitalization, which had two levels, (a) the label \ex-mental patient\ (experimental group) and (b) no attached label (control group). The second independent variable was Behavioral Descriptions which had three levels; (a) a behavioral description of a Paranoid Schizophrenic, (b) a description of a Depressed Neurotic, and (c) a description of a \normal\ person. The subjects were volunteers from an undergraduate introductory psychology course at Fort Hays State University who were randomly assigned to one of the six previously mentioned behavioral descriptions. There were 34 males and 28 females. The subjects' attitudes towards the behavioral descriptions were measured by a Semantic Differential and an Association Scale before and after they read the demythologizing material. It was expected that the behavioral descriptions with the person labeled an ex-mental patient would be rejected more on the pre-test (before reading the demythologizing material) than the same description not having the ex-mental patient label. It was also expected that on the post-test (after reading the demythologizing material) the subjects would make more positive attributions toward and be more willing to associate with ex-mental patients than they were on the pre-test. Although the ex-mental patient groups (experimental groups) were rejected more than the groups where no label was attached (control groups), on the pre-test the difference did not reach conventional significance levels. Also, there were no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group on change scores after reading the demythologizing material. On the Association Scale, there was significant positive change in the subjects ' willingness to associate with the person described in a particular behavioral description. This positive change occurred for both the experimental and control groups, especially for the descriptions of the Paranoid Schizophrenic. Although neither of the hypotheses of this study were supported there was positive change for all the groups except the Normal non-mental patient group after reading the demythologizing material. A plausible explanation that is discussed in this study is that the subjects in the Paranoid Schizophrenic and Depressed Neurotic non-mental patient groups assumed their descriptions were of people who would be diagnosed mentally ill. If this were the case there would be five experimental groups and only one control group, the Normal non-mental patient group. The results of this study indicate that the demythologizing approach to mental illness is effective in changing college students' attitudes towards ex-mental patients and deviant behavior.
The Relation Between Adult Attachment Styles and the Amount of College Students' Perceived Stress
Authors:   , Fuller Nichole
Published: February 2023

Bowlby’s (1969) theory of attachment states that, during infancy, patterns of attachment develop that continue to affect a person’s personality and relationships throughout the lifespan. Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, and Walls (1978) proposed three styles of attachment in children: secure, ambivalent, and avoidant. Concerning adults, Hazan and Shaver (1987) categorized attachment styles as a secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent. The present study examined the relation a between adult attachment styles and perceived stress in college students. Data were collected using self-report measures of adult attachment and perceive stress. The data were then analyzed using planned comparisons and a correlation to determine the effects that attachment styles have on perceived stress in college students. The study had three hypotheses, the first two of which were supported. For hypothesis 1, a planned comparison analysis indicated that secure adults perceive less stress than avoidant and anxious adults. A correlation was used to analyze the data that pertained to hypothesis 2 which stated that anxious adults perceive more stress than either secure or avoidant adults. No significant results were found for the final hypothesis, which stated that avoidant adults perceive less stress than anxious adults.
The Political Development of the American Farm Bureau Federation Leading to its Stand on the Wheat Referendum of 01/01/1963 : Factors Influencing the 01/01/1963 Wheat Referendum Vote in Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Kraus Esther
Published: February 2023

An attempt has been made in this study to present a concise history of the political development of the American Farm Bureau Federation and to show how economic conditions of the time influenced its formation. Furthermore, a summary of the political development of the AFBF’s policies that led to the Federation's stand against the Wheat Certificate Plan in the 1963 Wheat Referendum is emphasized. Although much of the credit and blame for the defeat of the Wheat Certificate plan has been accredited to the AFBF, it was the purpose of this study to ascertain to what extent the AFBF influenced the outcome of the Wheat Referendum of 1963 in Ellis County, Kansas. This research also considered several other factors which may have influenced the balloting on the county level. While the investigation concerned only one county in Kansas, the results of the questionnaire study could be applied to a certain degree on the state and national levels to better understand the results of the referendum vote in 1963.
The Mammals And Paleoindian Artifact From The Feaster Sand Pit, Late Pleistocene (Wisconsin)-Early Holocene, Of Cowley County (Southeastern), Kansas
Authors:   , Lucas Miranda
Published: February 2023

Over 100 fossil remains of late Pleistocene (Wisconsin)-early Holocene mammals, including one modified by paleoindians into an arrow shaft straightener were recovered from the Feaster sand pit in the southwestern part of Cowley County, Kansas. Taxa identified to species include Procyon lotor (Linnaeus), Mammut americanum (Kerr), Mammuthus columbi (Falconer), Mammuthus jeffersonii (Osborn), Equus scotti (Gidley), Equus conversidens (Owen), Camelops hesternus (Leidy), Antilocapra americana (Ord), and Bison antiquus (Ledy). The Feaster sand pit is thought to be late Pleistocene (Wisconsin) to early Holocene in age due to the high co-occurrence of mammals that are similar to the taxa of known late Pleistocene (Wisconsin)-early Holocene sites. All of the mammals present have stratigraphic ranges that extend to the early Holocene, the only exception is Equus scotti, which does not extend beyond the Wisconsin. The presence of Bison, an index taxon for the Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age, adds additional support for the age of the fauna. The Feaster sand pit contains fossils of seven mammalian families that are consistent with the savanna/wooded steppe environment of the plains during the late Pleistocene (Wisconsin)-early Holocene. Paleoclimatological data suggest a relatively warm, interglacial stage and environmental implications of the taxa suggest that the habitats were in close proximity to the depositional site. These habitats would have included woody areas along a stream or lake for the Procyon, and open grassland, savanna, or wooded steppe niches for the large herbivorous ungulates. The fauna is represented by hypsodont herbivores such as bison, horse, pronghorn, and camel, as well as open woodland browsers and open grass grazers such as the mastodon and mammoth.
Spiritual Care: Perspective and Job Satisfaction of Registered Nurses in Acute Care
Authors:   , Keeling Tracy
Published: February 2023

The past decade has seen a greater emphasis and focus on alternative medicine, fostering a more holistic approach within health care. With an increasing commitment to holistic care, conceptualization and understanding of spirituality is being encouraged (Johnson. 1998). It is noted that recent studies report nurses experience spiritual benefits from their interactions with patients and families (Jackson. 2004) and a healing experience exists for both nurses and the patients for whom they care. This investigation proposed that a spiritual care perspective would increase job satisfaction among nurses. For this research investigation, Sister Callista Roy's (1970) Adaptation Model was utilized. Acute care nurses undergo daily changes and challenges and must be able to adapt. In Roy's model these occurrences are described as persons receiving stimuli from the environment, a response to that stimuli being made and then adaptation taking place. This investigation consisted of a level two, quantitative, non-experimental, correlational design. A convenience sample was used with participants from selected acute care settings in two Midwest states. The participants were registered nurses (RNs) in acute care employed by their current employer for a time period of six months or more. A total of 250 registered nurses were invited to participate in this investigation. Packets were distributed to nursing staff members at the two rural Nebraska hospitals and one rural Kansas hospital serving as research sites for this investigation. Of the 250 packets distributed, 66 packets were completed and returned. Two instruments were used to measure the proposed relationships. This exploratory investigation allowed the measurement of the subjects' responses for job satisfaction on the Work Quality lndex (WQI), (1997) and their individual thoughts on spirituality and nursing, comfort level and use of spiritual care with patients on the Spiritual Care Perspective Scale (SCPS) - Revised (Taylor. 1995). According to the analysis of data, the conclusions drawn from this research investigation is that there was a statistically significant relationship r (64) = .26. p = .025 between spiritual care perspective and job satisfaction among acute care RNs. There was no statistically significant relationship r (64) = .076, P = .542 found between years at current organization/facility and job satisfaction and no statistically significant relationship r (64) = .138. P = .270 between years at current organization/facility and spiritual care perspective. Based on the findings of this investigation, recommendations for nursing research, nursing theory, nursing practice and nursing education were made.
Movements of Channel Catfish in Saline River, Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Todd Robert
Published: February 2023

A study was conducted on the Saline River to investigate the effect of water level fluctuations on the movement of channel catfish. Sampling stations were set along a 15-mile stretch of the river. Monel metal strap tags were attached to the opercle. Recaptured fish showed no signs of tags being lost. Seines, baited hoop nets, and an electrofishing apparatus were used to capture the fish. The hoop nets were the most successful gear. Most catfish were caught from early spring through mid- summer with a peak in capture rate during the spawning season. Water level fluctuations and temperature appeared to have no effect on movement. The fish generally moved short distances, although the maximum distance recorded was over 30 miles. The recapture rate was 16.2%. Over half of the tagged fish were recaptured within two weeks from date of release.
The Cohesiveness-Conformity Relationship Across Three Grade Levels in an Educational Setting
Authors:   , Swihart Steven
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the cohesiveness of a group and the resultant conformity shown by the members to a group standard. Conformity was measured across three grade levels (4th, 8th, and 11th), with two levels of cohesiveness at each grade (high and low). It was expected that the high cohesive groups would display the most conformity and that the eighth-grade high cohesive groups would conform more than the other grade levels. Subjects were 58 students from a fourth-, eighth-, and eleventh- grade class, with approximately an equal ratio of boys to girls. After a class was divided into four groups, the first task was to enhance the development of high cohesiveness in two groups and low cohesiveness in the other two. Subjects in high cohesive groups played a dart-ball game as a team effort and were free to communicate with each other, whereas in low cohesive groups, the game was played on an individual basis with no communication allowed. After having the subjects rate their level of attraction to their group, conformity was measured by having subjects estimate the number of jelly beans in a jar. The subjects were informed of their group average and then gave a second estimate. Conformity was measured by the degree to which the second estimate shifted toward the group average of the first trial. The fourth-grade rated themselves as being more cohesive than the eighth-grade and the eighth-grade rated themselves as being more cohesive than the eleventh-grade. High cohesive groups in eighth- and eleventh grades displayed more conformity than low cohesive groups, however this did not occur in the fourth-grade. The greatest amount of conformity occurred in eleventh-grade high cohesive groups.
Endorphins as the Mediator of Learned Helplessness
Authors:   , Meier Patrick
Published: February 2023

This study evaluates endorphins as a mediator of learned helplessness. Thirty-two male rats (i.e. Evans hooded) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: an escape group, a helpless group, a helpless group treated with naloxone, and a helpless group treated with a placebo. The helpless animals injected with naloxone reacted to shock statistically similar to naive animals. This group (i.e. the helpless plus naloxone group), while similar to the escape group, remained similar to the helpless and helpless + placebo groups. Consequently it appears that endorphins are a factor in the helpless condition. However, the extent is yet to be determined.
The Use of Rack Work Exercise Versus Weight Lifting Movement Exercise for the Improvement of the Olympic Lift Total
Authors:   , Woods James
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of increase in the Olympic lift total, between one group of subjects using a rack work routine of exercises and another group of subjects using a weight lifting movement routine of exercises. From this comparison it could be decided which, if either, of the routines of exercising is significantly better for the improvement of the Olympic lifts total. Eighteen male high schoo1 students enrolled at Chanute Senior High School during the 1967-1968 school years were employed as subjects for this study. The subjects were those students enrolled in the weight lifting class at Chanute high school. The related group design was used to select two groups of subjects from the eighteen students employed in this study. Work out periods were conducted every Monday, Wednesday and Friday from 11:00 A.M. to 12:00 A.M. The Monday and Wednesday workouts were devoted to the specific exercise routines assigned to each group. The Friday work outs consisted of each subject lifting maximally, on the Olympic lifts, for a one repetition total. A six week experimental program was selected as this is the usual time a lifter allows in special preparation for a weight lifting contest. The statistical technique of analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and the t-test were used to analyze the data compiled in this study. The results showed a significant increase in the Olympic lift total for both the rack work group A and for the weight movement group B. From a consideration of these results it could be established that either of these exercise routines, that of weight movement and that of rack work exercises will significantly increase the lifters poundage in the Olympic lift total. The Null hypotheses must be accepted in this experiment because the t-test showed there was no significant difference between the means of increase of the two groups used in this study.
When Chat and Email are not Enough: Developing Real-Time, Interactive Online Writing Center Tutorials
Authors:   , Jones Lisa
Published: February 2023

As new technologies have become available to facilitate online writing tutorials, university Writing Centers have begun to use these technologies to better serve online students. WPAs now face new difficulties serving remote student and faculty populations, whose native language may not be English, through interactive online tutorials across international borders. Determining the best practices and technologies for real-time, interactive tutorials and implementing these practices are issues that have not been given much attention in recent scholarship, but are vital to best serve growing international campuses. There are a few key concerns with ESOL tutoring that must be addressed when considering the implementation of real-time, interactive online tutoring; for example, comprehension of oral English becomes a major problem during online sessions. However with the help of truly integrated technologies students can not only see and hear the tutor, but these technologies also allow a platform for written communication and modeling. Other very real concerns with real-time, interactive online tutorials are fiscal hardships of universities and the faculty and tutor training with the new technologies. By utilizing low-cost, sometimes free, online tutoring platforms, universities can achieve a truly interactive, revenue neutral OWL. Furthermore, despite the time required to train faculty and tutors, the training offers an opportunity for growth in Writing Center theory and online pedagogy. The current study examines the feasibility of developing revenue neutral online writing tutorials for international students studying at international branch campuses. Preliminary data shows that less than half of US universities hosting international branch campuses currently coordinate with or offer online tutoring to the students on these campuses. With the mounting pressure to ensure quality across international borders, it is clear that there is a growing population of under-served students on international campuses. Writing Center Directors and WPAs must use the technologies available and train culturally sensitive tutors to serve these students.
Using Landsat Thematic Mapper Satellite Imagery: Assessing And Mapping Trophic State In Cheney Reservoir, Kansas
Authors:   , Lu Dingnan
Published: February 2023

Eutrophication is a major inland water problem that is researched by many environmentalists and hydrologists. A eutrophic inland water body can cause many negative water problems, such as taste and odor, biotoxin, and low dissolved oxygen. Many previous studies were effective based on using remote sensing to evaluate water body trophic state. In this study, the Cheney Reservoir is selected as an object to test the performance of using remote sensing, specifically the Landsat Thematic Mapper sensor, to evaluate the trophic state of a reservoir. Based on Landsat TM imagery, the chlorophyll a concentration is estimated to be used to indicate the trophic state of the Cheney Reservoir in August, 2011. It is found that the processed Landsat TM images were successfully used to run the regression analysis to assess the whole lake chlorophyll-a concentration, thereby the spatial distribution of trophic state of the Cheney Reservoir in Aug, 2011 was done. During this study, the field measurement and laboratory analysis data were acquired in collaboration with the US Geological Survey in Lawrence, KS. From the results of this study, mean chlorophyll-a concentration is about 10 ug/L, and high-mesotrophic is the dominating trophic state. Both results are comparable with previous studies from Smith in 2001 and 2002. The conclusion of this study is that use remote sensing methods with data of Landsat TM can successfully evaluate the trophic state Cheney Reservoir in August, 2011. The study is limited by the time difference between field measurement and Landsat TM imagery data, and lack of the same testing on different reservoirs. The major error is from a 14-days difference between the time of image acquisition (August 1, 2011) and the time when the chlorophyll-a measurements were taken (August 15, 2000). In the future work, more attention will put on overcome the mentioned limitation, and reduce error.