bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF PANCHATIKTA KSHEERGHRITA BASTI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SANDHIGATA VATA WITH SPECIAL TO OSTEOARTHRITIS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Rathod Kalpana Pandurang
Published: April 2021

Ageing is a process of physical, psychological and social change in multi dimensional aspect. Geriatric health care is very important .Sandhigata Vata i.e. osteoarthritis is also known as degenerative joint disease. Majority of geriatric population suffer from Sandhigata Vata. Modern medicine has limitation in treating Osteoarthritis and has many adverse   effects with its prolonged use. Now in the era of TKR (Total Knee Joint Replacement) Surgery, but due to some underlying systemic illness, financial constrains it is not possible to opt for surgical intervention.. In Ayurveda it is mentioned that in Vardhakya Avastha all Dhatus undergo Kshay leading to Dhatukshayaj Vatprakopa Samprapti. In Sandhigata Vata there is Kshay of Asthidhatu. Bastichikitsa is considered to be Shreshtha(best) in Vata dosha Chikitsa. In the present case  Panchatikta Ksheerbasti along with sarpi (Ghee)was given in the patient suffering from OA for 30days. Panchatikta Ksheerbasti showed symptomatically good result in Sandhigat Vata.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF AVASTHIKI CHIKITSA IN VATARAKTA
Authors: Patil Pradnya
Published: April 2021

The wide description available about vatarakta in all classics itself suggests its prevalence since ancient period.The disease initiated by the vitiated vata and raktais vatarakta.This literature can be very well correlated with gout, connective tissue disorders, peripheral vascular diseases etc in contemporary science. Every Ayurvedic scholar has described Uttana and gambhiravatarakta as the basic two categories based on its presentation. AcharyaSharangdharaenlightens eight types considering its doshika predominance.
To understand its pathophysiology there exists two types of vataraktanamely santarpanjanya and apatarpanajanya.Santarpanajanyavatarakta manifests by excessive kaphakaranidanasevan increasing kapha and medaby obstructingvatagatiand hampersrasarakta circulation. By its own etiological factorsvata and rakta gets vitiated and obstructs the path of each other producing apatarpanajanyavatarakta.
Treatment should be planned based on doshika dominancy, sama-niramavastha, santarpanjanya or apatarpanajanyasampraptiandavagadha-anavagadhaawastha. In niramawasthaorvaatadhikyaorapatarpanaawastha, the vaatpradhanavataraktachikitsa has to be adopted. Insantarpanjnya and avarana type ofpathology main aim is to reduce the magarvarodha, to reduce medaand to clear obstructed srotas.
IMPORTANCE OF KALA DRAVYA
Authors: Patil Monika
Published: April 2021

KalaDravya is unavoidable. It is Nitya and Vibhu. It effects on all the things on the earth. While treating disease medicine should be given according Kala, Desha, Matra etc. Heena, Ati and mithya yoga of Kala acts as an etiological factor. Jara is KalakrutSwabhavabalpravruttavyadhi. Doshavasthaalso changes with kala. Garbhadharana requires particular Kala. Shodhana, aushadhisangrahan is also done in specific kala. For ingestion of medicine DashavidhaushadhiSevanKalas are described. Sadhayasadhyata of disease also changes with kala. So kala plays an important role in our life.
Rasayan Chikitsa an Overview
Authors: Sathe Shivanjali
Published: April 2021

Ayurveda means Science of Life. It deals with each and every aspect of life. Health in Ayurveda is conceived as union of sound body, mind, senses & soul. Maintenance and promotion of health and happiness is the first objective while next is to prevention of disease and cure of sickness .Ayurveda offers wonderful tools for better lifestyle .The knowledge of Dinacharya ,Rutucharya, Swasthavritta,,Rasayana gives us a guideline for promotion of health. Trayouppasthambha i.e.Aahar (Diet), Nidra (Sleep),Bramhacharya (Sexual behavior) influences on health.
 Rasayanchikishta is one of the specialized branches of Ayurveda which deals with maintenance of health. According to Modalities three types of Rasayana-Achar,Draya,Aahar rasayana plays effective and safe solution for various health problems like life style disorders,dengenerative conditions etc.  There are many other medicines as well as body purifications has rejuvenator properties. Acharya Charaka widely narrated the effect of specific thoughts-behavior-life style pattern (Achara rasayana) on health which helps to boost the immunity for prevention of various infection.
The aim of this study to review the importance of Rasayana in promotion of health and prevention of disease. All the relevant material was compiled from various books. Research articles are also searched form various websites. All references were collected and finally conclusion was drawn.
Conceptual Study of Garbhasambhav Samgri With Respect to Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Mekhale Smita Maruti , Budruk Pramod A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction - In the present era for upholding the identity of Ayurveda, it is necessary to substantiate that the knowledge available in Samhita is undeniably true with respect to modern science. Human body is a miracle of the nature.
In Ayurveda it has been cited that in order to fulfil the achievement of Garbha the four fertility factors i.e Rutu, Kshetra, Ambu, Beeja (Garbhasambhav samgiri) must be adequate.1
To treat infertility understanding Garbhasambhav Samgri i.e Rutu, Kshetra, Ambu, Beeja in Female is of its critical importance.
Aim â€“ Conceptual study of Garbhasambhav Samgri in Female with Modern Aspects and lifestyle risk factors.
Objectives â€“ To Review Garbhasambhav Samgri in Both Ayurvedic and Modern text.
Material and Methods â€“ All the Ayurvedic and Modern literature and contemporary texts including websites will be reviewed.
Discussion â€“The review of Garbhasambhav samgri from the purview of modern Aspect will be discussed.
Conclusion â€“ The Proper conclusion related to the Conceptual Study of Garbhasambhav Samgri with respect to lifestyle factors will be drawn.
Key Words: Garbhasambhav samgri, Rutu, Kshetra, Beeja
A case report of Ayuvedic Management of Shitpitta with internal medicine and basti.
Authors: Patil Shraddha , Khobragade Rupali
Published: April 2021

Changes in Life style with urbanization are very drastic. Polluted environment, junk food habits, work in shift duties, stress etc. are the main trigger factors for vitiation of tridosha and the manifestation of diseases in todayâ€™s era. There is lack of knowledge about dincharya and ritucharya in common people. Due to which People mainly gets affected their digestive system first, and then other symptoms come subsequently. Due to improper digestion there is substandard or poorer formation of all dhatu and rasa, rakt dhatu dushti is comparatively more. When their dushti occurs along with Vata dosha, then there is manifestation of disease like shitpitta. Cardinal symptoms of shitpitta are reddish patches, swelling on skin with moderate to severe itching at site. It is compared with urticaria (hives) in modern science and described as primary cutaneous disorder. An episode of it may start with itching. Episodes of urticaria may continue to relapse for days, weeks, months or year if not treated properly. Urticaria is counted as allergic reaction due to some food and have only symptomatic treatment and anti allergic drug. Commonly antihistaminic drugs were used for urticaria. In Ayurveda treatment of shitpitta includes shodhana and shamana chikitsa. A 54 years old female patient with cardinal symptoms of shitpitta was attended at OPD basis with tikta ksheera basti as shodhana and ayurvedic samshamana drugs. Follow up done for two months and she had no episode of rash. Results were found very encouraging.
Anapanasati: (mindfulness of breathing) an access to insight.
Authors: Talekar Mahesh Kashiram , Kolarkar Rajesh
Published: April 2021

Depression letâ€™s talk- WHO is leading a one-year global campaign on depression. Depression comes under psychiatric disorders. According to WHO healthy person definition is health is complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Vipassana meditation technique is very useful for balancing of mind. Ä€nÄpÄnasati breathing technique is first step of Vipassana. Ä€nÄpÄnasati, the meditation is in-and-out breathing, is the first subject of meditation expounded by the Lord Buddha in the Maha Satipatthana Sutta, the Great Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness. Ä€nÄpÄnasati is a natural object of Samadhi in which a personâ€™s observes his/her breathing as it is for the concentration of mind. This mental aspect is addressed effectively using Ä€nÄpÄnasati. Moral education and Ä€nÄpÄnasati are the foundation of Vipassana meditation technique. As per Maharashtra government rule (G.R) 2012 Ä€nÄpÄnasati meditation practice should be conducted in every school. This path of sÄ«la, samÄdhi, paÃ±Ã±Ä, and nibbÄna (morality, concentration, wisdom, and liberation) is absolutely universal, and acceptable to all nationalities. Meditation has been beneficial to large number of adults, while researchers have not focused on studying the impact of meditation on children or adolescents.
Objectives-
Literature review of Ä€nÄpÄnasati (mindfulness of breathing) first step of vipassana meditation.
Methods
The available Classical PÄlÄ« literature Buddhist Literature Vimuttimagga and Visuddhi Magga, Concepts of meditation in Ä€yuvedic literature. Modern research papers regarding Ä€nÄpÄnasati Literature are reviewed.
Conclusions
Experimental studies using Ä€nÄpÄnasati meditation was very much needed for further studies in adolescents.
Key words:  Ä€nÄpÄnasati, meditation, Vipassana, Depression, Vimuttimagga, Mind, Breathing technique.
Lexical solidarities
Authors: Coseriu Eugeniu
Published: April 2021

In the present study, developing Walter Porzig's ideas about essential semantic relations, Eugeniu Coseriu examines in depth the dependence of meaning that exists between certain words that form lexical pairs. It shows how a certain class, a certain archilexem or lexeme is included in the content of the word as a differential or integrative feature (lexem: archilexem, class: clasem). E. Coseriu regards these oriented semantic relations as solidarity. Lexical solidarity is defined as a semantic determination of the word using class, archilexem or lexeme. Deepening the study, E. Coseriu differentiates between several types of lexical solidarity.
The Typology of the Fundamental Structures of Utterances in the Romanian Language
Authors:   “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Barbuta Ion
Published: April 2021

Starting from the concept of „fundamental structure of the utterance”, the article analyzes the semantic models of the utterances in the Romanian language. By applying this method, the whole variety of concrete utterances in speech can be presented in the form of a finite list of syntactic structures. In this way, the research pursues a double purpose: on the one hand, to describe semantically the fundamental structures of the utterances and, on the other hand, to make an inventory of the standard structures of the possible utterances in Romanian for their subsequent analysis in various ways.
Female First Names Converted into Surnames
Authors:   Craiova University, Oanca Teodor
Published: April 2021

The current expression of the lineage in Romanian anthroponymy, resulting in a surname, is achieved by deriving the father’s name with the suffix -escu (Ion Marinescu = Ion son of Marin), by the mother’s name in the genitive case, with the agglutinate Genitive article (Ion Amariei), or by the personal name of the father or mother (Ana Dumitru, Ion Maria), which joins the child’s personal name. Female personal names became surnames when the decisive role in the family was attributed to the mother, with the children relating to her and not to the father. In these cases, the Act on Names from 1895 ratified the mother’s name as a last name. The Annex contains 146 surnames derived from feminine personal names, retained from the Romanian Anthroponymic database (BDAR), with a frequency of more than 100, structured according to regions and counties.
Translation and Relevance
Authors:   Moldova State University, Breahna Irina
Published: April 2021

Following its first edition in 1991, E.-A. Gutt’s work „Translation and Relevance” has become classic in translation studies during last ten years. Its second edition in 2000 intends to bring out with new clarity the truly unique mandate of translation which distinguishes it from other ways of interlingual communication” (2014, p. 208). The Theory of Relevance (Sperber, Wilson, 1995) focuses on the translator who makes relevant decisions depending on the addressee. As it is a cognitive theory of human communication, Relevance has a power of explanation and generalization that is strong enough to account for the cognitive aspects of translation. A particular translation theory is therefore not necessary. E.-A. Gutt insists on this point, which has been criticized many times since. In the present research the author reflects on the role of translation in the Relevance framework as well as highlights their own account of how cognition and context shape this mode of interlingual communication.
Notion-Concept-Term. Interpretations
Authors:   Moldova State University, Calaras Svetlana
Published: April 2021

There are various interpretations of the fundamental notions used in the study of terminology. This article is a comparative study of their definitions, conducted in the process of establishing benchmarks in the study of editorial-printing terminology. It presents a research of the theoretical foundations of terminology, a study of various interpretations of linguistic meanings of key notions of terminology: „notion”, „concept” and „term”. One of the fundamental units of terminology is the „notion”, which is characterized as an abstract object of knowledge. Another fundamental unit, the „concept”, represents classes of objects of knowledge, of perceptible phenomena. Concepts are called abstractions, mental constructions or units of thought that ensure the connection between objects and their definitions. They have an essential role in human knowledge, communication not being possible if we do not have a codification of concepts in linguistic signs (terms). The concepts ensure the connection between the objects and the designations that correspond to them. And the „term” is the material form, expressed through linguistic means, of a notion specialized in a certain field of knowledge.
PARADIGMATIC NATURE OF COMPETENCE
Authors: Kudaibergeneva K. S.
Published: April 2021

The paradigmatic nature of competence is summarized by defining a disciplinary matrix based on an analysis of the history of the concept of competence at the international level Historical aspects of the development of science are analyzed T. Kuhn and describes the reasons for paradigmatic differences based on the thinking of Generation Z, which grows in the context of collaboration in social networks. Problems are identified in the implementation of competencies as a unit of content using traditional scientific procedures, and it is concluded that this competence is not an achievement of individual disciplines, but is the ability to adequately cope with the problem of the environment and life. It is also recommended to pay attention to the “paradigmatic competition” between communities in the development of educational content that increases the competence of Gen Z.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING AS A TOOL FOR INCREASING THE MATHEMATICAL LITERACY OF STUDENTS
Authors: Kaskataeva B. R. , Кokazhaev A. B. , Kazbеk Zh.
Published: April 2021

Today, the problem of developing the functional literacy of schoolchildren is relevant at the community level. In this regard, new requirements are imposed on the level of professional training of future mathematics teachers. The authors consider the issue of preparing future mathematics teachers to develop students' mathematical literacy. The works of scientists on the development of functional literacy of schoolchildren were studied and the concepts of "model", "mathematical modeling" were explained. In addition, the specifics of the method of mathematical modeling in the process of teaching mathematics in secondary school have been clarified, and the pedagogical conditions for using the modeling method have been determined. It is shown that mathematical modeling is not only a tool for solving applied problems, but also a way of developing intellectual skills that a student must master.
APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF ACCELERATION, COMPLICATION AND DEEPENING IN THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS IN MATHEMATICS LESSONS
Authors: Yessingeldinov B. T. , Ashirbaye N. K. , Smirnova T. Y.
Published: April 2021

A differentiated approach to teaching is one of the necessary conditions for humanization in education and plays a crucial role in the development of abilities, skills, and cognition of students. The teaching of Mathematics has extensive global experience of differentiated instruction. Differentiation was considered from the point of view of in- depth study of Mathematics in high school, the provision of assignments of different levels of complexity, resources, the pace of learning by students, individualization and personalization of teaching, etc. Modern pedagogy in the context of the humanization of teaching considers differentiation through orientation to the student, his needs and abilities to achieve the learning goals by all students in the classroom. There are three main principles for applying differentiation: acceleration, complication, and deepening. This article provides the literature review on differentiation in the classroom, its principles. An example of the application of the principles of differentiation in the lesson, examples of assignments in the process of formative assessment, and the results of the study are provided in the article.
UPSIDE DOWN THINKING FROM WEB MEMES? What to consider when accessing web sources
Authors: Sage Rosemary
Published: April 2021

This article considers the issue of false information, which has been increasingly available on the World Wide Web. This misrepresentation has engendered much distrust in populations, leading to polarized views, anger and fear, which is tearing society apart. How to evaluate information sources for judgement about their reliability and validity is crucial, particularly for impressionable students, who need a fair, unbiased perspective in their learning experiences. The fact that universities have been cracking down on ideas and materials that are unpopular amongst certain sections of society is an issue that must be addressed. Free speech has always been considered necessary for the progression of societies, but is in danger from today’s oppressive culture that cancels those whose views are not accepted.
FEATURE SELECTION FOR AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF TEXT GENRE
Authors: Shanshar S. Sh. , Ualiyeva I. M.
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the algorithms that can be used in the study and analysis of symbols to determine the genre of texts. There are differences in defining the genre of texts. Algorithm is also defined by describing the text, removing unnecessary characters, leaving only the text, and comparing it with the database. The article describes a practical method of automatic recognition of the text genre based on all parameters. Comparing the logistics regression, solution tree, random forest, MLPClassifier, AdaBoostClassifier, svm, GaussianNB algorithms, the choice of the most important parameters for the texts was considered. Defining the genre of texts is now relevant in all areas of the information society.
An Investigation of Avoidance Behaviour in Writing
Authors: Rahmat Noor Hanim , Haron Haeza
Published: April 2021

Writing skills are needed across all courses, across all discipline research papers, projects, reports, assignments. However, many claimed they have “writers’ block” which hinders them from writing as often as they hoped, or as much as they wished. Although many may think writing block stems from a writer who only lacks content. However, more often than not, writing block is caused of writers’ fear of writing. The writer becomes so overwhelmed by the fear of writing that he/she is paralyzed with fear. Fear in writing is a learned behaviour that will influence the writer’s behaviour towards writing-related environment. Past studies have shown that one way for people to not live in fear is to avoid the action totally. This study is done to investigate the facets of avoidance behaviour to avoid writing-related activities. 108 participants responded to a survey. The instrument used is a survey with 6 sections. The first section is demographic profile. The second section is on cognitive avoidance and it has 4 items. The third section is somatic avoidance with 7 items. The fourth section is protective avoidance and has (i) problems with punctuation (9 items), (ii) problems with language use (7 items), and (iii) problems with writing skills (9 items). The fifth section is situation with 5 items and the last section is substitution with 7 items Findings reveal that when writer fear writing, they may resort to avoidance behaviour such as cognitive, somatic, protective, situational and also substitution avoidance.
Provider Personal and Demographic Characteristics and Patient Satisfaction in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Lu Laura Y. , Sharabianlou Korth Mortiz J. , Cheng Robin Z. , Finlay Andrea K. , Kamal Robin N. , Goodman Stuart B. , Maloney William J. , Huddleston James I. , Amanatullah Derek F.
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Patient satisfaction has increasingly been used to assess physician performance and quality of care. Although there is evidence that patient satisfaction is associated with patient-reported health outcomes and communication-related measures, there is debate over the use of patient satisfaction in reimbursement policy. Patient characteristics that influence satisfaction have been studied, but the effects of personal and demographic characteristics of physicians on patient satisfaction have yet to be explored.

Methods:

Outpatient satisfaction scores from 11,059 patients who rated 25 orthopaedic surgeons from a single institution were studied. In this study, we sought to explore the relationship between nonmodifiable physician characteristics, such as sex and race, and patient satisfaction with outpatient orthopaedic surgery care, as expressed in the Press Ganey Satisfaction Scores. Univariate logistic regression models were used to test the associations between each provider characteristic and patient satisfaction on the Press Ganey patient satisfaction questionnaire.

Results:

Three nonmodifiable physician personal and demographic characteristics were markedly associated with lower patient satisfaction scores across overall satisfaction, communication, and empathy domains: (1) female gender, (2) Asian ethnicity, and (3) being unmarried. Asian ethnicity reduced the odds of receiving a 5-star rating for likelihood to recommend the provider by nearly 40%, but none of these nonmodifiable physician personal and demographic characteristics affected the likelihood to recommend the practice.

Discussion:

Sex, ethnicity, and marital status are nonmodifiable provider characteristics, each associated with markedly lower odds of receiving a 5-star rating on Press Ganey patient satisfaction survey. These data reveal inherent patient biases that negatively affect physician-patient interactions and may exacerbate the lack of diversity in orthopaedic surgery. More research is necessary before using patient satisfaction ratings to evaluate surgeons or as quality measures that affect reimbursement policies.
Effects of Improved Cassava Varieties on Farmers’ Income in Northern Agro-ecological Zone, Uganda
Authors: Akongo Graceline O. , Otim Godfrey A. , Turyagyenda Laban F. , Bua Anton , Komakech Alfred , Obong S.
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the extent to which improved cassava varieties contribute to improvement in income of smallholder farmers in the Northern agro-ecological zone of Uganda. In order to achieve the objective, data was collected from PRELNOR supported farmers’ fields, other farmers’ fields and baseline cassava fields. Consequently, descriptive statistics, gross margin and stochastic frontier analysis were adopted during analysis. Results from the analysis revealed that higher yields per hectare were registered within PRELNOR supported farmers’ fields and yield from NAROCAS1 surpassed all the varieties (37.3 tons per hectare). Location specific results revealed that Gulu had better yields (34.5 tons per hectare) while Kitgum registered the lowest average (24.1 tons per hectare). Gross margin indicated that every Shilling invested in improved variety earned profit 1.3 to 1.8 times above the local variety and each shillings invested in PRELNOR supported fields generated 5.6 times above the baseline fields. The parameter estimate for profit function revealed that planting material, other production related costs, NAROCAS1, NASE14 and NASE19 were positively correlated with profit but labour and baseline field had negative correlations. Conversely, profit efficiency grew by 40% under improved varieties against local varieties. This study suggests that the difference in yields and profit between locations was caused by biophysical characteristic; disease tolerant varieties can tremendously improve profitability and income; meanwhile the profit gaps were partly attributed to inefficiency. This study recommends fast tracking adoption of pest and disease tolerant varieties and integrated research and development approach throughout the cassava value chain.
Rethinking inclusive city development amid COVID-19: the Indonesia context
Authors: Raissa Giska , Christy Filia , Sihotang Sandhy , Wijaya Karen
Published: April 2021

Currently, cities all over the world are experiencing pressures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, including cities in Indonesia. Studies show that the number of poor has been increasing since the spread of COVID-19, mostly in urban areas. Recent news indicates that the pandemic has the potential to add millions of new urban poor due to the threat of future layoffs faced by low-income people. The current condition in Indonesia’s urban areas indicates exclusion of the urban poor, which underlines the need for inclusive city development. Indeed, this crisis exposes the exclusion of vulnerable people, reveals deep inequalities in society and exacerbates the existing inequality among the Indonesian population. Because of the ongoing disruptions that arise in urban areas, the COVID-19 pandemic offers the opportunity to rethink the importance of inclusive city development so that they may become thriving cities for all. Besides, this study also argues that only inclusive cities can grow and thrive under all circumstances and future challenges. This paper discusses how to transform challenges amid COVID-19 to opportunities that can promote inclusive city development.
 
Abstrak. Saat ini, kota-kota di seluruh dunia sedang mengalami tekanan akibat pandemi COVID-19, termasuk kota-kota di Indonesia. Studi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penduduk miskin terus meningkat sejak penyebaran COVID-19 yang umumnya terjadi di wilayah perkotaan. Berita terbaru menunjukkan bahwa pandemi berpotensi menambah jutaan orang miskin baru di perkotaan akibat ancaman PHK di masa depan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah. Kondisi perkotaan di Indonesia saat ini menunjukkan eksklusi dari kaum miskin kota, yang menggarisbawahi perlunya pembangunan kota yang inklusif. Memang, krisis ini mengekspos pengucilan orang-orang yang rentan, mengungkapkan ketidaksetaraan yang dalam di masyarakat dan memperburuk ketimpangan yang ada di antara penduduk Indonesia. Karena gangguan yang terus menerus muncul di perkotaan, pandemi COVID-19 menawarkan kesempatan untuk memikirkan kembali pentingnya pembangunan kota yang inklusif sehingga dapat menjadi kota yang berkembang untuk semua. Selain itu, studi ini juga berkesimpulan bahwa hanya kota inklusif yang dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dalam segala situasi dan tantangan di masa depan. Makalah ini membahas bagaimana mengubah tantangan di tengah COVID-19 menjadi peluang yang dapat mendorong pembangunan kota yang inklusif.
 
Kata kunci. kota inklusif, pengembangan kota, COVID-19, Indonesia.
«Jeg er så veldig redd for hvordan jeg påvirker elevene.» Utfordringer og muligheter i undervisningen av folkehelse og livsmestring i norskfaget
Authors: Antonsen Yngve , Lauritzen Lise-Mari , Nesby Linda
Published: April 2021

I den nye læreplanen (LK20) ble folkehelse og livsmestring innført som tverrfaglig tema i norsk skole. Denne studien undersøker begrepsforståelse, skjønnlitteraturens betyd­ning og didaktikk knyttet til temaet. Våren 2019 ble 13 norsklærere fra fem videre­gående skoler intervjuet ved bruk av en semi-strukturert intervjuguide. Den tematiske analysen av datamaterialet viser følgende resultater: Lærerne formulerte utfordringer ved å skulle operasjonalisere begreper som mangler definisjon i de offentlige doku­mentene. Samtidig ga lærerne uttrykk for at livsmestring allerede er en del av norsk­faget. Lærerne pekte på at eksamensstyringen vektlegger de tekniske aspektene i norsk­undervisningen, noe som begrenser muligheten for tematisering. Lærerne anerkjente potensialet for at skjønnlitteraturen kunne brukes for å belyse folkehelse og livsmestring gjennom å veilede elevene mot å finne balansen mellom nærhet og distanse til teksten. Dette berører begrepet den skjønnsomme leseren (Nussbaum, 2016). Lærerne pekte på hvordan skjønnlitteratur kan oppleves som personlig relevant, historisk aktuell og fremme empatisk respons. Bruk av skjønnlitteratur åpner også for å undervise om vanskelige temaer uten å være for personlig, men dette krever pedagogisk intendert didaktikk. Lærerne uttrykte behovet for mer didaktisk kunnskap for å skape denne balansen, særlig i møte med sensitive temaer. I forståelsen og formidlingen av det tverrfaglige temaet folkehelse og livsmestring argumenter vi for at det er behov for å fremme og utvikle norskfagets egen diskurs og didaktikk. Studien er tilknyttet videre­gående opplæring, men vi mener den har overføringsverdi til alle skoleslag.
Nøkkelord: folkehelse og livsmestring, norsklærere, litteraturdidaktikk, skjønnlitteratur, norskfaget
Inactivation of UmuC Protein Significantly Reduces Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and SOS Mutagenesis in Escherichia coli Mutants Harboring Intact umuD Gene
Authors: Pourahmad Jaktaji Razieh , Nourbakhsh Rezaei Sayedeh Marzieh
Published: April 2021

Background: Ciprofloxacin induces SOS response and mutagenesis by activation of UmuD’2C (DNA polymerase V) and DinB (DNA polymerase IV) in Escherichia coli, leading to antibiotic resistance during therapy. Inactivation of DNA polymerase V can result in the inhibition of mutagenesis in E. coli. Objectives: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of UmuC inactivation on resistance to ciprofloxacin and SOS mutagenesis in E. coli mutants. Methods: Ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants were produced in a umuC- genetic background in the presence of increasing concentrations of ciprofloxacin. The minimum inhibitory concentration of umuC-mutants was measured by broth dilution method. Alterations in the rifampin resistance-determing region of rpoB gene were assessed by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. The expression of SOS genes was measured by quantitative real-time PCR assay. Results: Results showed that despite the induction of SOS response (overexpression of recA, dinB, and umuD genes) following exposure to ciprofloxacin in E. coli umuC mutants, resistance to ciprofloxacin and SOS mutagenesis significantly decreased. However, rifampicin-resistant clones emerged in this genetic background. One of these clones showed mutations in the rifampicin resistance-determining region of rpoB (cluster II). The low mutation frequency of E. coli might be associated with the presence and overexpression of umuD gene, which could somehow limit the activity of DinB, the location and type of mutations in the β subunit of RNA polymerase. Conclusions: In conclusion, for increasing the efficiency of ciprofloxacin against Gram-negative bacteria, use of an inhibitor of umuC, along with ciprofloxacin, would be helpful.
Giant Seborrheic Keratosis on the Right Flank Part: A Case Report
Authors: Sepehri Nazaninzahra , Babaniamansour Sepideh , Karkon-Shayan Sepideh , Majidi Mohammadreza , Atarodi Ahmadreza , Mohammadzadeh Hamideh , Talaiee Maryam
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is one of the most common non-cancerous lesions that appears on the sun-exposure areas of the body and highly prevalent among the middle-aged population. It is the result of the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. The clinical changes in SK lesions such as sudden growth, color changes, and ulcerations are accompanied by malignancies. Case Presentation: This study presents a rare case of giant SK on the flank part with rapid enlargement. The manifestations were in favor of malignancy and the patient underwent biopsy and total excision with a good outcome. Conclusions: Giant SK is a rare type of SK that has various similarities with malignant masses and requires further investigation.
Comparison of the Effects of Hypothermia and Normothermia on Cognitive Functions After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Ziyaeifard Mohsen , Ghavidel Alireza , Moradi Abbas , Fatahi Mostafa , Salehzadeh AmirHosein , Heidarzadeh Hamid
Published: April 2021

Background: Cognitive impairment is among the most prevalent complications in patients undergoing CABG. Selection of the proper temperature is one of the main moderating factors in cognitive impairment following CABG. Today, heart surgery is done using the two methods of hypothermia and normothermia. However, there is no consensus over the method with the least side effects. Objectives: This study aims to compare the effects of hypothermia and normothermia on cognitive functions after undergoing CABG during the hospitalization period. Methods: A total of 130 patients in this cohort observational study were divided into two groups of normothermic (n = 65) and hypothermic (n = 65). In the hypothermic group, the temperature was down to 32°C, and in the normothermic group, the temperature decreased to 35°C. After the surgery and transferring the patients to the ICU, demographic information and MMSE questionnaires were completed from the second to the sixth day at the same time. Results: The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in educational and social demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). Besides, there was no significant differences between the two groups in the history of the disease (P = 1.000). In addition, there was no significant relationship between cognitive performance scores of the two groups before the surgery (P = 1.000). However, there was a significant relationship between the two groups from the second (P = 0.003), third (P = 0.000) and the fourth day (P = 0.023) after the surgery. In the normothermic group, on the second, as well as third and fourth days 14 and 9 patients suffered from cognitive impairment, respectively. Besides, in the hypothermic group, on the second, third, and fourth days after surgery, 28, 30, and 23 patients suffered from cognitive impairment, respectively. However, there was no significant relationship between the two groups on the fifth and sixth days after the surgery (P = 0.079). Conclusions: The present study showed that during hospitalization after undergoing CABG, cognitive impairment in patients with the normothermic method was less severe than that in patients with the hypothermic method. Besides, clinical outcomes were more satisfactory in the former group.
Is the Rattus norvegicus Population Playing a Role in the Transmission of Zoonotic Diseases to Children? A Pilot Study in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Azimi Taher , Fallah Fatemeh , Pourmand Mohammad Reza , Karimi Abdollah , Armin Shahnaz , Rahbar Mohammad , Azimi Leila
Published: April 2021

Background: Due to frequent exposure to surface water and contact with animals, children represent a group susceptible to zoonotic diseases. Objectives: The present study aims to determine the presence and prevalence of the main zoonotic agents in R. norvegicus populations in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In the present study, 100 R. norvegicus were captured within a time span of one year from five districts of Tehran, Iran. Fecal and blood samples were collected from rodents and serum was recovered after centrifugation. The presence of specific IgG antibodies against Leptospira spp. and Rabies virus was detected using a commercial qualitative rat ELISA kit. A conventional PCR assay was employed to detect the presence of Vibrio vulnificus in the commensal R. norvegicus population. Results: In general, 80% (n = 80/100) and 20% (n = 20/100) of rats were males and females, respectively. The results of the ELSA assay showed that of the 100 R. norvegicus captured in Tehran, 7% (n = 7/100) and 1% (n = 1/100) were positive for Leptospira spp. and Rabies virus, respectively. Leptospira spp. revealed the highest frequency (20%; 4/20) among R. norvegicus collected from the eastern part of Tehran. Rabies virus was detected only from the southern (5%; 1/20) part of Tehran. Results of the PCR method showed that the percentage of the rats tested positive for V. vulnificus was 5%. Overall, the surveyed zoonotic microorganisms had the highest (n = 5/20; 25%) and lowest (n = 1/20; 5%) frequency rates in the eastern and northern parts of Tehran, respectively. Conclusions: The results accentuate the necessity of implementing rodent control programs and regular disinfection as well as avoiding contact with rodent populations in urban environments.
On Ever-Growing Numbers of Human Refuse Heaps and the Scope of History
Authors: Shuster Martin ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

This is a response to Seyla Benhabib’s Exile, Stateless, and Migration. I focus on Benhabib’s engagement with Arendt and her assessment of stateless persons in addition to what such a discussion suggests for the scope of our historical inquiry.
How Sense-phenomenal Theory of Personal Identity Might Legitimize Racism
Authors: Enyimba Maduka ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

The major concern of the problem of personal identity gravitates around the question of whether a person’s identity is located in the mind or in the body. Scholars have developed different theories such as survivalist and physicalist criteria among others in response to this question. In this paper, I engage with the theory of sense-phenomenalism as an aspect of the physicalist criterion of personal identity to show how it might legitimize racism and colour-branding. Sense-phenomenalism is a body-only model of personal identity that holds that an individual’s identity is determined by the physical features sensually perceptible by other humans in the society. I argue that sense-phenomenalism by reposing a person’s identity on his/her bodily traits might foster social discrimination, deepen the dichotomy between the self and the other and enhance the fabrication of justifications for the denial of individual’s rights.
Eliminating Racism
Authors: Igbokwe Clement Chimezie ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

Slavery and slave trade gave birth to racism and society has been struggling towards its prevention and possible elimination with little success. Martin Luther King Jr wrote in his letter from the Birmingham jail: “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny.” Until this undeniable fact is understood and emphasized our contemporary society is heading towards a state of an uncontrollable wildfire of anarchy. It is obvious that all fingers are not equal but that does not negate the fact that all men irrespective of colour or race are created equal—configured with brain, flesh, water, and blood. Racial discrimination is a moral and systemic sin that must be confronted and vehemently condemned. The main thrust of this paper is to expose various forms of racial discrimination ravaging the contemporary society with a view to postulating ideas geared towards its prevention and possible elimination. Relying on observational and historical methods, relevant data required will be elicited. The paper identified among other things that racism is resurging in the 21st century to a threatening dimension that if a coordinated action is not urgently taken, it will result into an uncontrollable wildfire of anarchy. The researcher therefore recommends the need to reemphasize respect and tolerance for all humanity.
The Sleep of the “Moon Man”
Authors: Matsyna Andrey I. ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

Racism cannot be ousted by external social manipulations without philosophical reflection on distinguishing between the structure of this phenomenon and the possibilities of its cultural overcoming. This essay analyzes Russian traveler Nicolai Miklouho-Maclay’s heroic struggle against racism. His nap on the outskirts of a Papuan village is presented as an existential act of throwing off any objectivities of one’s personal “I” in an effort to overcome racist insanity using a universal dialogue between accepting each other as equals. As a xenophobic obstacle to a dialogue with the Other, racism generates a global demarcation of humanity that passes through the subjective core of each person’s identity. It is this subjectivity that should be brought to its utmost flexibility for the sake of a dialogue with the Other. The vanishing objectivity of the “I,” according to Karl Jaspers, can be defined as energeticism. It is the strife for achieving the universal “I” which is indefinite but still IS there.
Theistic and Non-Theistic Modes of Detachment from the Presence of the Infinite
Authors: Dion Michel ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

In this article, we will describe two theistic modes of “paradoxical detachment” from the Presence of the Infinite, implying the coexistence of attachment and detachment. We will analyze two forms of Christianity-based paradoxical detachment: (a) being dependent on the Ground of soul, while being detached from the representations of the Infinite (Master Eckhart); (b) being absolutely dependent on the Infinite, while being detached from any religious morality (Friedrich Schleiermacher). The nontheistic mode of detachment from the Presence of the Infinite requires an absolute detachment. We will examine two forms of absolute detachment towards the Presence of the Infinite: on one hand, the all-encompassing emptiness in the Kagyü and Gelug lineages of Tibetan Buddhism; on the other hand, the Heideggerian notion of “groundless abyss.” In the Kagyü and Gelug lineages of Tibetan Buddhism, being absolutely detached is searching for the Enlightenment, while being detached from all concepts. Heideggerian notions of “groundless abyss” and “de-hominization” allow us to reach absolute detachment, while remaining in a non-theistic way of thinking.
Paul K. Feyerabend’s Method against Method
Authors: Stepukonis Aivaras ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

The article examines and criticizes Paul Karl Feyerabend’s seminal work entitled, “How to Be a Good Empiricist—A Plea for Tolerance in Matters Epistemological” which persuasively argued for a pluralistic view of scientific knowledge and theoretical truth. Throughout the article, a number of polemical points, analytic elaborations, and broader philosophical concerns are raised regarding the notions of consistency condition, meaning invariance, theoretical alternatives, and the very principle of theoretical pluralism. The article concludes that Feyerabend’s call for a plurality of theories as the surest path to the progress of science is in need of numerous conceptual qualifications, provoking the reader into critical thinking about the deeper underpinnings of science while providing very few ready-made answers to the problems enunciated.
Colourism, Ethnicism and the Logic of Domination in 21st Century Nigeria
Authors: Ogbujah Columbus N. ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

The 2016 launch of the courier giant—Dalsey, Hillblom, and Lynn’s (DHL) Advanced Regional Centre (ARC) in Singapore—was significant not just for the scale of the facility and its impressive level of innovation, but for the visual identity and branding of DHL’s red and yellow corporate colours. These colours, as is evident in all branding, set it out from the rest, and have become a symbol of power and domination. This resonates with the use of colour categories to isolate human beings into unjust classes that manifest divisive social and racial hierarchies. The symbolism of colourism and ethnicism viewed either plainly or as metaphors, lies in the “othering” of fellow human beings for discrimination and scapegoating. The markers are the same, whether in the case of George Floyd or the victims of discrimination and/or recurrent massacres in Nigeria. This essay explores how, by creating a visible barge of “otherness,” the current political leadership either shirked responsibility in the face of discriminations, or contrived excuses for the endless massacre of minorities in Nigeria.
The Religious and Quasi-Religious Genealogy of the Theology of Nazism
Authors: Bubnov Evgeniy ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

The article is dedicated to the understanding of the Nazi anthropology as an element of the quasi-religious concept. Adolf Hitler’s racial theory unequivocally rejected the human status of persons not belonging to the Caucasian race, labeling them as Untermensch (“under-man”). Such an attitude was due to several prerequisites. However, the core reason is manifested not in the rational sphere. In the twentieth century, concepts of quasi-religions and political religions became widespread due to the reign of two totalitarian ideologies in Eurasia—Nazism and Communism. Numerous scholars emphasized the fact that these ideologies performed religious functions thus occupying an intellectual space at the interface between the religious and the secular. Quasi-religion adherents may be equally fanatic as religious radicals. Questions about whether this similarity is mere coincidence or whether quasi-religions are derivatives from traditional religions and the meaning of this problem today deserve close attention.
Andrew Jackson, Black American Slavery, and the Trail of Tears
Authors: Bracey Earnest N. ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

Many revisionist historians today try to make the late President Andrew Jackson out to be something that he was not—that is, a man of all the people. In our uninhibited, polarized culture, the truth should mean something. Therefore, studying the character of someone like Andrew Jackson should be fully investigated, and researched, as this work attempts to do. Indeed, this article tells us that we should not accept lies and conspiracy theories as the truth. Such revisionist history comes into sharp focus in Bradley J. Birzer’s latest book, In Defense of Andrew Jackson. Indeed, his (selective) efforts are surprisingly wrong, as he tries to give alternative explanations for Jackson’s corrupt life and political malfeasance. Hence, the lawlessness of Andrew Jackson cannot be ignored or “white washed” from American history. More important, discrediting the objective truth about Andrew Jackson, and his blatant misuse of executive power as the U.S. President should never be dismissed, like his awful treatment of Blacks and other minorities in the United States. It should have been important to Birzer to get his story right about Andrew Jackson, with a more balanced approach in regards to the man. Finally, Jackson should have tried to eliminate Black slavery in his life time, not embrace it, based on the ideas of human dignity and our common humanity. To be brutally honest, it is one thing to disagree with Andrew Jackson; but it is quite another to feel that he, as President of the United States, was on the side of all the American people during his time, because it was not true. Perhaps the biggest question is: Could Andrew Jackson have made a positive difference for every American, even Black slaves and Native Americans?