bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant productivity parameters in rice varieties with different type of panicles and their variability
Authors: Korotenko Tatyana , Yurchenko Semen , Esaulova Lyubov
Published: July 2021

To increase rice yield, scientists are considering the possibility of changing the morphological parameters of plants. At the same time, there are not enough attempts in Russia to analyze the yield potential of varieties with different panicle architectonics. The purpose of our research was a comparative analysis of rice varieties differing in panicle morphotype, by the formation of productivity elements. In the ecological conditions of the south of Russia, in 2019-2020, a series of field experiments were carried out with 24 Oryza sativa L. varieties under conditions of artificial irrigation. The results of assessing the elements of plant productivity and biological productivity of varieties differentiated into 6 groups according to the panicle type and grown on plots 1x12 m are presented. The present study showed that in the rice-growing zone of Krasnodar region, varieties with a compact inclined and slightly spreading panicle had an advantage in achieving high productivity. However, the stability of quantitative traits was exhibited by varieties with spreading panicles of the drooping type. Correlation analysis confirmed: the longer the panicle, the more spreading it is and the less sterile spikelets are formed on it. Along with other researchers, we revealed significant differences in yield between japonica and Indica varieties. Due to the cultivation of varieties under equal conditions, the variation in biological yield from 778 to 1203 g / m2 can be explained by their genotypic characteristics. For the sustainable development of rice growing in the region, our studies emphasize the importance of the diversity of varieties of various morphotypes with high potential and stability of productivity elements and provide useful information for breeding.
The use of a new generation chemicals on early ripening potatoes
Authors: Gish Ryslan , Zvyagina Anastasiya , Arakelyan Nina
Published: July 2021

To obtain high yields of potatoes, plant growth and development regulators of various origins are used. Recently, the use of chemicals made from natural raw materials has become more widespread. One of them is the chemicals Relict based on humic and fulvic acids, which have growth-stimulating adaptogenic and protective properties from peat. It is used both for treatment of tubers before planting, and for vegetative plants treatment. Such treatment allowed to reduce the sparseness in potato plantings, and also contributed to an increase in the yield of large and medium fractions of tubers. The marketability of tubers in the control is 81.7%, and in the areas treated with Relict is higher - at a concentration of 0.01 % - 91.6 %, and by 0.05 % - 93.7 %.
Influence of the orientation of uterine bulbs during planting on the seed yield of winter onion variety Ellan in a two-yield direct crop
Authors: Lazko Victor , Yakimova Olga
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results on the use of paracuneal bulbs for re-harvesting seeds in a direct crop. The influence of the orientation of uterine bulbs during planting on the formation of paracuneal bulbs and seed productivity in the second year of vegetation was determined. The paracuneal bulbs were developing at the base of the flower shoots maintaining the same orientation as in the uterine bulbs when planted. Winter hardiness of paracuneal bulbs depended on orientation, just as with standard technology. Losses during the winter period ranged from 48% to 82%, increasing with an increase in the angle of deviation from the vertical position. The most vulnerable bulbs were the upside down. Paracuneal bulbs can be used to re-harvest seeds in a two-yield crop.
Development of rice variety with blast resistance genes Pi-b and Pi-z basing on DNA-technologies
Authors: Ogly Andrey , Kovalev Viktor , Bragina Olesya , Suprun Ivan
Published: July 2021

The article presents stages of development and testing new rice variety Nautilus with blast resistance genes Pi-b and Pi-z. Basing on the use of DNA-marking methods, breeding material carrying the target genes was developed. The obtained material was studied in the links of breeding process in the field. Based on the results of field testing, 6 lines were identified, of which VNIIR 6016 turned out to be the best in terms of a complex of economically valuable traits. In 2016, this sample was transferred to the State variety testing under the name Nautilus. In 2019, a new rice variety Nautilus was included in the register of breeding achievements and approved for use in the Russian Federation in Krasnodar region. The study of variety Nautilus in 2019-2020 in an ecological test confirmed its high resistance to blast, in comparison with other released varieties. It took 10 - 12 years to develop the variety.
Evaluation of productivity and quality of rice varieties included into State register of breeding achievements approved for use, in production tests in Krasnodar region
Authors: Garkusha Sergey , Tesheva Susanna , Pischenko Dmitry
Published: July 2021

In modern economic conditions, commodity producers need rice varieties that meet specific production requirements. The highest yields are provided by rice varieties that are most fully adapted to cultivation conditions, primarily to soil and climatic conditions, as well as to the material and technical level of production, the state of the rice irrigation system, and the requirements for environmental protection. The article presents the results of an industrial assessment in the transitional delta agrolandscape area of the rice cultivation zone of Krasnodar region. Analysis of the yield and technological indicators of the rice grain quality made it possible to identify varieties adapted to the conditions of “Kubris” LLC, Krasnoarmeyskiy district: Alliance, Veles, Favorit, Yubileiny 85. The average yield for three years was 84.1 c/ha, 82.7 c / ha, 73.6 c/ a, 85.9 c/ha, respectively. Compliance with the technology of growing, harvesting and post-harvest processing on the farm allows ensuring a high milling yield within the range of 65-69 % with a head rice content of 48-59 %. Growing these rice varieties on the farm will effectively develop production by realizing the potential of the variety and obtain high-quality rice grits.
Productivity of biotechnological sugar beet hybrids
Authors: Logvinov A. V. , Mischenko V. N. , Tsatsenko L. V. , Moiseev A. V.
Published: July 2021

A brief overview of the state of research on selection of new constant biotechnological lines – donors of glyphosate resistance and prospects of creating biotechnological hybrids of sugar beet are presented. Experimental data on nature of inheritance of glyphosate resistance in different sugar beet genotypes (mmSxxzz, mmNxxzz, MMTOp, etc.) were obtained. For the first time, separate and joint fruit lines-donors with 90-100% glyphosate resistance were obtained. In competitive and environmental tests, the first glyphosate-tolerant biotechnological hybrid of sugar beet TG-944 (1385) exceeded statistically the standard of yield and sugar volume from 1 ha. With mechanized (combine) harvesting, the average scoring yield of the hybrid was 65.5 t/ha. The purchasing costs for herbicides to protect sugar beet from weeds when growing glyphosate-resistant hybrids, compared to conventional commercial hybrids per 1 hectare on average for 2017-2019, amounted to 2447 and 8869 rubles, respectively, with an economic efficiency of 6422 rubles per 1 hectare of sowing.
System of biological protection of corn against pests for organic farming
Authors: Ismailov Vladimir
Published: July 2021

This study discusses promising methods of biological control of the main corn pests, based on the integrated use of pheromones, entomopathogenic preparations and the release of parasitic hymenoptera Trichogramma evanescens West. and Habrobracon hebetor Say. Seasonal dynamics of flying and the number of cotton moth Helicoverpa armigera Hbn. and Kuban click beetle Agriotes tauricus Heyd. were determined by capturing males with pheromone traps. Species composition of corn pests, the dynamics of flying and the number of dominant pests of the cotton moth H. armigera and corn moth Os. nubilalis are determined, the optimal dates for protective measures (release of entomophages - Trichogramma and Habrobracon, treatment with biological products) are set. As a result of the field assessment of the biological control system of the main corn pests, we determined the satisfactory efficacy of the mutually suppressing techniques based on using Trichogramma and Habrobracon entomophages and biological preparations based on entomopathogenic bacteria and viruses. The corn bioprotection efficacy against the stem corn moth was 84 % in the early hybrid and 94 % in the late one, against the cotton moth – 82,2 - 77,8 %, respectively.
Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical manure dewatering
Authors: Gusev Valentin , Zazykina Lyubov , Sysoeva Inna , Lukashenko Valeriy
Published: July 2021

The article provides an analysis of the performed experiments on mechanical dewatering of manure by a press and a centrifuge. It was determined that 2.5-3.5 tons of liquid can be removed from 10 tons of manure with 70% moisture. It is known that the mechanical method of removing moisture from manure saves a significant amount of thermal energy in comparison with the thermal method, which is moisture evaporation. However, along with water, nutrients dissolved in it, especially nitrogen, are removed from the manure. The subsequent use of nitrogen-depleted manure as fuel is beneficial because less nitrogen oxide is released into the atmosphere. Moreover, when coal is added to the manure, it is possible to intensify this process. Up to 44% of nitrogen, up to 41% of phosphorus and up to 35% of potassium pass into the liquid fraction. Such liquid can be used for foliar feeding of plants with a close arrangement of sowing crops. When using manure as a fertilizer, it is more expedient not to use mechanical dewatering, but to perform thermal drying with simultaneous disinfection from pathogenic microflora and weed seeds. To exclude formation of manure lumps with an outside crust and some droppings that didn’t undergo disinfection, it must be pre-mixed with dry droppings or sawdust.
Influence of reproductive qualities on dairy productivity of cows of the Simmental breed
Authors: Grinchuk Maria , Nesterova Yulia
Published: July 2021

The aim of work is to explore influence of first fruitful insemination, service period and dry period to dairy productivity of Simmental cows. The research is aimed at studying the milk production of Simmental cows with different levels of reproductive qualities. The result of the research, a relation was established between the age of the first fruitful insemination, the duration of the service period, the duration of the dry period and milk production performance. It has been established that the age of the first fruitful insemination at 18-24 months has the most beneficial effect on subsequent milk production. The service period of 90-120 days has a positive effect to an increase in milk yield per 305 days of lactation, the longer service period negatively affects to the mass fraction of fat. With an increase in the duration of the dry period, the mass fraction of fat increases, but milk yield decreases. The influence of reproductive qualities to the milk protein is negligible. It was revealed that the age of the first insemination at 18-24 months is the most profitable for production. According to the results of the research, it can be judged that reproductive qualities, in combination with other factors, affect the milk productivity of Simmental cows.
Selection and justification of priority tasks of biogas plant management taking into account technological risks
Authors: Lubentsov Valery , Ozhogova Ekaterina , Lubentsova Elena , Shakhray Evgeniy
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the selection and justification of priority applied control tasks in the automation of a biogas plant (BP), taking into account the risks of loss of control. The types of technological risks in the management of fermentation processes in methane tanks are considered. A reasoned analysis of quantitative risk assessments using the pairwise comparisons method is carried out. The use of the method of consistency of expert opinions in the algorithm for solving the problem of selection and justification made it possible to conduct a strict analysis of the consistency of expert opinions and to identify whether the obtained estimates are random or not. Using the obtained information models for the regime parameters of anaerobic digestion processes, the relevance of developing a better control system for the optimal temperature regime of substrate heating, temperature stabilization in the methane tank, and the rational end time of the fermentation process is justified. The results obtained are in the best agreement with the improvement of the BP process management efficiency.
Development of the grain energy bars with the high content of dietary fibers
Authors: Krasina Irina , Kurakina Anna , Kasymova Cholpon , Krasina Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

The research results on the development of grain energy bars are given. The experimental plan for the mixtures was used to create the grain energy bars with prebiotic properties. Inulin, oligofructose and gum-arabic were selected as prebiotic ingredients, which were added to the binding syrup, and subsequently to cereals and fruits. Grain energy bars were analyzed by quantitative descriptive analysis and the best formulae were determined according to the preference test. It was found that the gum-arabic was responsible for the influence on the appearance of cereal flake dryness, hardness and chewability, while the oligofructosis increased the color brightness and the crunch when bitten. The optimized composition of the grain energy bar sample showed that the fiber mixture gave the bars better texture characteristics than each fiber individually. The viscosity of the syrup, which is strongly influenced by the gum-arabic concentration, had a negative correlation with the consumer preference assessment. The selected recipe of the grain energy bar allows to reduce energy value by 18-20% with simultaneous increasing of total amount of dietary fibers by 200%.
Properties, processes and modes characterizing the state of heavy metals in soils
Authors: Sorokin Andrey , Belopukhov Sergey , Gukalov Vladimir , Savich Vitaly , Baibekov Ravil , Tyutrin Nikolay
Published: July 2021

The study proves the expediency of assessing the state of heavy metals in soils by the fractional composition of soil compounds, processes and modes. An informational and energy analysis of the state of heavy metals in soils was carried out. The need for an assessment of the kinetics of their desorption from soils was substantiated. The CH3 COONH4 solution displaced 0.3 mg/l Mn from the sod-podzolic soil within 10 minutes, 0.8 mg/l Mn – within 1 hour, 3.3 mg/l Mn – within 1 day, and 12.9 mg/l – within one week; 0.18 mg/L Pb was desorbed within 10 minutes, up to 0.59 mg/l Pb was desorbed within one day. The depositing capacity of soils is an important parameter. Heavy metals in soils are bound into positively and negatively charged systems at рКН of 2-10. In the sod-podzolic soil, the content of NiLn+ was 13.3 mg/l and NiLn-- 1.9 mg/l. According to the informational assessment, heavy metals in soils are characterized by the relationship with other soil properties and change along the soil profile, which was determined from the equations of pair correlation and multiple regression. According to the energy assessment, heavy metals in soils are characterized by thermal effects of their sorption and desorption and have positively and negatively charged complex compounds and air ions
Improving the efficiency of timber sawing process by increasing reliability of attachments for forestry equipment
Authors: Zyryanov M. , Saltanov A. , Davydenko A. , Dozhdev E.
Published: July 2021

The current state of the timber industry complex and the prospects for its further development indicate the need to revise the approach to organizing logging process as a resource-saving, economically and environmentally sound process. Rational nature management and careful use of available forest resources come to the fore. Today, logging machines are an integral part of logging, and technical condition of the equipment of these machines has a direct impact on their productivity, quality of round timber and amount of sawmill waste received. The paper presents a design solution that makes it possible to increase efficiency of forest machines in freezing temperatures, which increases their productivity and the quality of the resulting roundwood by reducing the generated logging waste.
Working bodies of a moldboard plow for combined soil processing with a turnover of a layer
Authors: Belousov Sergey V. , Tsymbal Alexander A.
Published: July 2021

The paper shows the issues of moldboard tillage with simultaneous additional cutting of a wrapped layer with disk working bodies. An overview of the main disk working bodies used in agriculture is given. The technical solution of a combined arable unit is proposed and the technological process of its operation is presented. A brief description of the laboratory and field installation is also presented.
Improving the technology of repair painting with powder-coated paints in agro-industrial complex
Authors: Bodrov Andrey , Panichkin Anton , Lomakin Denis , Simushkin Andrew
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of studies to determine the dependence of the degree of adhesion and the separation force of the powder coatings layer on the roughness parameter of the substrate, as well as the contact angle of wetting for various methods of preparing the painted surface by chemical methods. In addition, practical tests for stain resistance were carried out, which showed the absence of corrosion damage, as well as a slight change in color, gloss of coatings, chalking and dirt retention on the studied coating samples.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Temperature Difference at the Inlet and Outlet of a Pump as a Function of Time and Pressure
Authors: Kostomakhin M. N. , Makarkin I. M. , Petrischev N. A.
Published: July 2021

In the article, the characteristics of the function of temperature difference of a working fluid at the inlet and outlet of gear pumps with different efficiency and at different pressures are theoretically and experimentally investigated. A method is proposed for determining the efficiency of pumps during its operation at variable pressure, based on the hypothesis that the performed useful work of the pump is characterized by the area under the pressure curve, and the lost energy is the area under the temperature difference curve.
Aspects of the production of planting material from lignified cuttings using frameless film microcoats
Authors: Mekhedov М. A. , Filippov R. A. , Tsymbal A. A. , Chukhlyaev I. I.
Published: July 2021

The article contains the results of the completed stage of researches on the evaluation of the effectiveness and justification of the use of frameless ground film coatings with the formation of local microgreenhouse cavities.
Experimental study of thermophysical properties of gasoline oil fractions
Authors: Chebotaryev M. I. , Kharchenko P. M.
Published: July 2021

Important physical properties, that characterize a substance, are the density and pressure of saturated vapors (PSV). These parameters need to be known when developing new technological processes in oil refining and chemical industries, designing pipelines, pumping equipment, fuel equipment, hydraulic cleaning processes, calculations related to the amount of petroleum products in mass volume, when operating technical systems running on liquid fuel. For gasoline fractions, the density is a normalized quality parameter, it is an integral part of various combined constants and calculation formulas.
Ecological and economic transformations of natural management systems of agrarian type (based on materials from the South of Russia)
Authors: Karpova Galina , Medyanik Natalya
Published: July 2021

The necessity of ecological and economic transformations of natural management systems of the agrarian type is shown, considering dominant natural landscapes, sectoral specifics of the economy and settlement. Spatial and sectoral priorities and measures for greening of the development of natural management systems of the agrarian type, associated with climate adaptation of traditional agricultural sectors, ecosystem services, ethnically marked agricultural practices, as well as ecosystem-adaptive transformation of the agrarian economy, taking into account the specifics of steppe, mountain, rural natural management localities are substantiated.
Preparation of Co-porphyrin catalyst encapsulated in cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework for coupling reaction
Authors: Nagai A , Hontake T , Abe Y , Michida W , Inokawa H. , Sakuragi M , Okobira T. , Guan G , Kusakabe K
Published: July 2021

Immobilization of organometallic catalyst were attempted by using cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) with the characteristic nanoporous structure. Water-soluble Co(II)TCPP was prepared as an organometallic catalyst and introduced into hydrophilic nanopores in CD-MOF by co-crystallization method. In order to evaluate the catalytic properties of the obtained Co(II)TCPP/CDMOF, the oxidative coupling reaction of creosol was performed. At a catalyst concentration of 0.2 mol%, the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous Co(II)TCPP/CDMOF catalyst was almost the same as that of the homogeneous Co(II)TCPP catalyst. The conversion for Co(II)TCPP/CD-MOF catalyst reached 92% after 2-hour reaction.
Fundamental Studies on Etioporphyrin Removal from Model Oil Using Toluene Assisted Ionic Liquids
Authors: Salleh Nor Faizatulfitri Binti , Ruslan Muhammad Syafiq Hazwan Bin , Ab Rahim Aysraf Hanim , Jian Lim Zu , Azmee Fathin Nabilah Binti , Khanafiah Khafnini , Yusup Suzana , Mandal Pradip Chandra
Published: July 2021

The surging demand for unconventional oil has driven the research initiative to extract heavy metals from heavy crude oil to ease the upgrading processes and produce lighter-ends hydrocarbon to be supplied in the field of transportation and petrochemical industry. Despite multiple methods have been discovered for metal removal, the low efficiency removal had enlightened the need of using ionic liquids. Three ionic liquids are studied in this project which are 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulfate (BMIMOS), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulfate (EMIMOS) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIMNTf2) on extraction of two complex heavy metals; nickel etioporphyrin and vanadium oxide etioporphyrin. The experiments were tested at temperature ranging from 30 °C to 90 °C and 30 minutes to 90 minutes of mixing time. In addition, samples were analysed through UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to determine the effectiveness of the extraction and study the functional group presence in the samples accordingly. Results revealed the overall maximum extraction efficiency of 22% of Ni-EP was recorded by EMIMNTf2. The changing in reaction temperature and time did not affect the percentage of Ni-EP removal by EMIMNTf2.
Control valve stiction detection by use of AlexNet and transfer learning
Authors: Henry Y. Y. S. , Aldrich C. , Zabiri H.
Published: July 2021

Control valve stiction is a common problem faced by the process industries, which can have a strong adverse effect on the profitable operation of plants. Although various stiction detection methods based on neural networks have been proposed, few of these studies have considered the performance of stiction detection based on the use of 2D representations of the process signals. In this paper, such an approach is proposed, based on the use of a pretrained convolutional neural network, AlexNet. The proposed convolutional neural network stiction detection (CNN-SD) method showed highly satisfactory performance, which can be further applied on real industrial data.
Emulsion stability and antimicrobial activity of Ionic liquid-based formulation
Authors: Shah Mansoor Ul Hassan , Moniruzzaman Muhammad , Talukder Mahabubur Rahman , Yusup Suzana
Published: July 2021

Chemical dispersants is one of the globally accepted remediation technique used for marine oil spill. However, the toxicity related with these dispersants confined its application in marine environment. Therefore, to overcome this problem, the employment of environmentally benign dispersants is one of the effective conceivable approach. In this study, the formulation comprised of choline based ionic liquid, choline laurate ([Cho][Lau]) and a biosurfactant, lactonic sophorolipids (LS) were used as a crude oil emulsifier. The toxicity of the newly developed formulation was evaluated to confirm their safe employment in sea water. The developed formulation worked effectively as a crude oil emulsifier and formed a stable crude oil emulsion. The toxicity study against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria depicts the “practically harmless” nature of the developed formulation. Thus, the results presented in this study showed that the new formulation can potentially replace the conventional dispersant used for marine oil spill remediation.
Preparation of Graphene Oxide from Lignin by Gel Combustion Method and Its Performance as Supercapacitor
Authors: Rajagopal Rajapandian , Komiyama Masaharu , Borhan Azry
Published: July 2021

Carbon materials derived from biomass are drawing increasing attention due to its advantages in economical as well as ecological production. Among the biomass resources to be utilized for that purpose, lignin possesses unique characteristics: it is available in bulk quantity as a low-value by-product from the pulp and paper industries and its chemical structure based on complex aromatic networks provides excellent precursor for grahitic carbon materials such as graphene. The existing techniques to convert lignin to carbon materials require long processing time, complex steps and higher temperatures, thus increasing the production cost and hindering its commercialization. Here an alternate low-cost, one-pot synthesis method utilizing organic solvent gel combustion technique is developed to yield crystalline graphene oxide as an end product. Capacitor performance of the developed graphene oxide was investigated in terms of the parameters involved in the synthesis procedure.
Auswirkungen von Vasopressorengabe auf die Entstehung eines Dekubitus
Authors: Faußner Maximilian
Published: July 2021

Die Entwicklung eines Dekubitus ist vor allem in der Intensivmedizin ein bedeutendes Thema. Gerade wenn Medikamente zum Einsatz kommen, die auf den Blutdruck der Patienten wirken, stellt sich die Frage, ob deren Gabe die Entstehung eines Dekubitus beeinflussen kann.
Fibers Generated by Plasma Des-AA Fibrin Monomers and Protofibril/Fibrinogen Clusters Bind Platelets: Clinical and Nonclinical Implications
Authors: Galanakis Dennis K. , Protopopova Anna , Zhang Liudi , Li Kao , Marmorat Clement , Scheiner Tomas , Koo Jaseung , Savitt Anne G. , Rafailovich Miriam , Weisel John
Published: July 2021

Objective Soluble fibrin (SF) is a substantial component of plasma fibrinogen (fg), but its composition, functions, and clinical relevance remain unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the molecular composition and procoagulant function(s) of SF.

Materials and Methods Cryoprecipitable, SF-rich (FR) and cryosoluble, SF-depleted (FD) fg isolates were prepared and adsorbed on one hydrophilic and two hydrophobic surfaces and scanned by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Standard procedures were used for fibrin polymerization, crosslinking by factor XIII, electrophoresis, and platelet adhesion.

Results Relative to FD fg, thrombin-induced polymerization of FR fg was accelerated and that induced by reptilase was markedly delayed, attributable to its decreased (fibrinopeptide A) FpA. FR fg adsorption to each surface yielded polymeric clusters and co-cryoprecipitable solitary monomers. Cluster components were crosslinked by factor XIII and comprised ≤21% of FR fg. In contrast to FD fg, FR fg adsorption on hydrophobic surfaces resulted in fiber generation enabled by both clusters and solitary monomers. This began with numerous short protofibrils, which following prolonged adsorption increased in number and length and culminated in surface-linked three-dimensional fiber networks that bound platelets.

Conclusion The abundance of adsorbed protofibrils resulted from (1) protofibril/fg clusters whose fg was dissociated during adsorption, and (2) adsorbed des-AA monomers that attracted solution counterparts initiating protofibril assembly and elongation by their continued incorporation. The substantial presence of both components in transfused plasma and cryoprecipitate augments hemostasis by accelerating thrombin-induced fibrin polymerization and by tightly anchoring the resulting clot to the underlying wound or to other abnormal vascular surfaces.
Use of low frequency Raman bands to identify non-planar deformation of Ni(II) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin induced by axial ligands
Authors: Wang Shen-hao , Muhammad Muhammad , Huang Qing
Published: July 2021

It is important to identify non-planar deformations of porphyrin macrocycle in metallo-porphyrin proteins due to their functional relevance. The relationship between non-planar deformations of porphyrin macrocycle and low frequency Raman spectral bands of Ni(II) meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin (NiTPP), with different coordination numbers, was studied by density functional theory (DFT), normal coordinate structural decomposition method and Raman experiments. The results show that the crystal of four-coordinate NiTPP has two major kinds of non-planar deformations: ruffling and saddling. The non-planar deformations of ruffling and saddling for NiTPP are 1.473 Å and 0.493 Å determined by DFT calculation. The ruffling and saddling deformations can be identified by using the low frequency Raman characteristic peaks (γ12, γ13) and (γ16, γ17), respectively. When four-coordinate NiTPP is transformed to the six-coordinate bis(pyrrolidine) NiTPP (NiTPP(Pyr)2), the large non-planar distortion of the porphyrin macrocycle almost disappears, with the non-planar deformation of saddling only about 0.213 Å estimated by DFT calculation. Experimentally, we can make use of the characteristic peaks of low frequency Raman spectra to identify the saddling deformation beyond 0.25 Å.
GaN-nanopillar-based light-emitting diodes directly grown on multi-crystalline Si substrates
Authors: Sato Yuichi , Taniguchi Shingo , Saito Sora , Xue Houyao , Saito Tsubasa
Published: July 2021

For the first time, light-emitting diodes based on gallium nitride nanopillar crystals were prepared directly on a multi-crystalline silicon substrate, which is widely utilized in low-cost solar cells. Several double-hetero-p–n-junction structures were fabricated, and bright light emission was obtained from the diodes. In addition, white-light emission was observed in another diode. The multi-crystalline Si substrate can be added to a candidate substrate to realize practical, novel, large-area light-emitting devices.
Novel piezoelectric crawling robot with multiple degrees of freedom
Authors: Niu Ruikun , Guo Yu
Published: July 2021

Traditional ultrasonic motors can usually produce either linear or rotational motion. Piezoelectrically driven structures with multiple degrees of freedom require two or more ultrasonic motors, and the manufacturing process is associated with some problems related to their complex structure and difficult control. This study proposes a new structure of a multi-degree-of-freedom piezoelectric crawling robot. Four modes are selected as the working modes, and mode superposition is used to produce the linear and rotational motion of the robot. This structure is designed based on a combination of size and topological optimization to adjust the frequency response consistency of the motor. The performance of the motor was tested on surfaces with different roughnesses. Its performance on the desk surface was the best. Its maximum linear speed is 37 mm/s, and its maximum rotational speed is 6.28 rad/s. The performance tests were performed under different loads. The linear motion speed of the motor reached its maximum value at 29.2 kHz, and the rotational motion speed reached its maximum value at 32.1 kHz.
Effects of varying proportions of corn grain to barley grain in corn silage-based diet on feed sorting behaviour and productivity of dairy cows
Authors: Ramezani-Afarani O. , Zali A. , Ganjkhanlou M. , Nasrollahi S. M. , Moslehifar P. , Ahmadi F.
Published: July 2021

Context Although several studies investigated the dairy cow performance in response to varying ratios of corn to barley grain, little attention has been paid to the forage component of the diet. We hypothesised that a diet based on corn silage with coarse particles might promote chewing and saliva secretion, neutralising acids produced during excess fermentation of high-barley diet and, thus, improve dairy cow productivity. Aims Feed sorting behaviour, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and milk production were recorded in Holstein cows offered a corn silage-based diet in which corn grain was incrementally substituted with barley grain. Methods Eight multiparous cows, averaging 189 ± 24 days in milk, 577 ± 47 kg bodyweight and 33 ± 5 kg/day milk yield, were distributed according to two 4 × 4 Latin squares. Four total mixed rations were designed, differing in corn to barley ratios as follows: (1) 100:0, (2) 67:33, (3) 33:67 and (4) 0:100. Corn silage and alfalfa hay constituted 31.0% and 9.0% of diet DM respectively. Key results Although no treatment difference existed on sorting of long, medium or fine particles, the extent of sorting for 1.18-mm particles tended to increase linearly as corn to barley ratio decreased. The ruminal pH declined linearly from 5.90 to 5.60 as the barley grain proportion increased from 0 to 100. Acetate to propionate ratio decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as the barley grain proportion increased. No differences were seen in feed consumption and organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and fat digestion in total tract. However, non-fibre carbohydrate digestibility tended to increase linearly (P = 0.07) as the ratio of corn to barley grain decreased. Time spent eating, ruminating and chewing remained largely unaffected by treatment. Treatments had no effect on fat-corrected milk production and milk composition, with the exception that actual milk production tended to increase linearly as the corn to barley ratio decreased. Feed efficiency (milk production/DM intake (DMI)) increased linearly from 1.22 to 1.32 as the barley grain proportion increased from 0 to 100. Conclusions Although the differences in feeding behaviour, DMI, and milk production and composition were negligible among experimental diets, cows consuming a corn silage-based diet with incremental substitution of corn grain with barley grain produced more milk per kilogram of DMI. Implications Increased proportion of barley grain in replacement of corn grain in corn silage-based diet might be advised as it increased the efficiency of feed conversion to milk.
The intersection of DNA replication with antisense 3′ RNA processing in
Arabidopsis FLC
chromatin silencing
Authors: Baxter Colette L. , Šviković Saša , Sale Julian E. , Dean Caroline , Costa Silvia
Published: July 2021

How noncoding transcription influences chromatin states is still unclear. The
Arabidopsis
floral repressor gene
FLC
is quantitatively regulated through an antisense-mediated chromatin silencing mechanism. The
FLC
antisense transcripts form a cotranscriptional R-loop that is dynamically resolved by RNA 3′ processing factors (FCA and FY), and this is linked to chromatin silencing. Here, we investigate this silencing mechanism and show, using single-molecule DNA fiber analysis, that FCA and FY are required for unimpeded replication fork progression across the
Arabidopsis
genome. We then employ the chicken DT40 cell line system, developed to investigate sequence-dependent replication and chromatin inheritance, and find that
FLC
R-loop sequences have an orientation-dependent ability to stall replication forks. These data suggest a coordination between RNA 3′ processing of antisense RNA and replication fork progression in the inheritance of chromatin silencing at
FLC
.
Pragmatic uses of ‘I say’ in Latin
Authors: Mikulová Jana
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the pragmatic uses and functions of the Latin verbinquam(‘I say’) and compares it with three synonyms –dico(‘I say, I speak, I declare’),loquor(‘I speak, I say, I utter’) andaio(‘I say yes, I say, I affirm’). Verbs of speech and thought in the first person are (cross-linguistically) a source of pragmatic markers, because the first person of these verbs is necessarily speaker-orientated and is also apt for expressing the speaker’s attitude. This can be seen in English pragmatic markers developed from verbs, such asI mean, I thinkandI say, and Romance ones, such as the Italiancredo(‘I think’). Latin verbs with the meaning ‘I say’ (henceforth used as a hypernym for all of the verbs examined herein) also show pragmatic uses, as is clear from Latin dictionaries. The issue addressed in this paper is the extent to which they are interchangeable and how advanced they are in their development towards becoming pragmatic markers. For this goal, the paper will focus on a variety of pragmatic uses of ‘I say’, the contexts in which they appear, and the influence of genre on their distribution. Drawing onBazzanella (2006)andGhezzi (2014), the pragmatic uses will be divided into three main categories: textual, cognitive and interactional. It will be shown that the border between different pragmatic functions or readings is not neat and one instance can have various pragmatic uses at the same time.
Auditory neuropathy in patients with features of tropical ataxic neuropathy in Tanzania
Authors: Jaffer Ali F. , Adebayo Philip B.
Published: July 2021

Objective

This study aimed to describe the diagnosis of auditory neuropathy (AN) in patients with features of tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN) at a private audiology facility in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Method

A retrospective chart review of thirty-two patients with suspected AN and features of TAN seen in 2019.

Results

The 32 patients complained of hearing impairment and all were diagnosed with AN (100%) via audiometry, otoacoustic emissions (OAE), and auditory brainstem response (ABR). The mean age was 24.8 ± 7.7 years, between 10.3 and 47.0 years. Sixteen (50%) reported tinnitus, eight (25%) reported imbalance while walking, 10 (31.3%) reported vertigo/dizziness, 13 (40.6%) had visual problems, and 19 (59.4%) reported peripheral neuropathy/weakness. Audiometric thresholds ranged from normal to profound, with the most common degree of severity being moderate (59.4%, n = 19). All except one patient had present OAEs, regardless of the severity of hearing loss. ABR was examined in 10 patients and found to be abnormal at 90 dB nHL in all of them.

Conclusion

The investigation of hearing impairments requires more than tuning fork or audiometry to understand the true nature of the patient’s hearing loss. Awareness of AN pattern in TAN among audiologists and other professionals within the hearing care field in low-and-middle-income countries, such as Tanzania should be strengthened.
The influence of the water flow on the stability of the coastal slope and adjacent transport constructions
Authors: Maslikova O Ya , Gritsuk I I
Published: July 2021

The mechanical behavior of the frozen soil is dynamic and complex. When formulating the strength-to-deformability ratio, it is important to understand the characteristics of the soil, which is being estimated. At the same time different soil samples that have analogical physical characteristics in the unfrozen state may behave differently after freezing and during thawing, as frozen relict and seasonally thawed soils behave differently. All this requires a number of laboratory researches, which will then allow to determine the soil parameters for a specific project. In the hydraulic laboratory, experiments were conducted to study the strength of the different samples of frozen soil under the influence of the water flow and the same load.
Transformation of the Couette vortex along the length of the tubular structure
Authors: Zhazha E Yu , Zuikov A L
Published: July 2021

The article is a further research of a circular-longitudinal flow created in a cylindrical pipe by a continuous swirler called Couette vortex, which the author started to study in his previous works. The key question is how Couette modified vortex is transformed along the channel (pipe). The author regards variation of azimuthal velocities (u) and the Heeger – Baer swirl number (Sn) in turbulent irregular circular-longitudinal flow, which is described by the model of modified Couette vortex along the cylindrical channel. It is confirmed that the model of the modified Couette vortex and free-forced Burgers – Batchelor vortex show almost similar results in calculations and both vortex models can be equally used in engineering prac-tice in calculations and the analysis of circulating and longitudinal flow operating modes (swirl flows).
Hydraulics of the subcritical Ventury channels
Authors: Zuikov A L
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the research is to develop and verify the method of hydraulic calculation of the Venturi channel in the flooded outflow mode. The criterion that separates the flooded and free flow regimes is the ratio of the flow depth in the throat of the Venturi channel hm
to the critical depth hc
exceeding one (hm/hc
> 1). The article theoretically and experimentally substantiates a method for determining the flow rate in a flooded Venturi canal using two control cross-sections, one of which is in the upper basin of the canal, the other in its throat. The differential equation for an uneven flow in a non-prismatic channel was obtained in the form (13). The analysis showed that in a flooded Venturi channel with a subcritical flow at Froude numbers less than one (Fr <1), the denominator of equation (13) is always greater than zero; therefore, at the entrance to the channel in the region of constriction, when db/dl < 0, the depth is downstream decreases (dh/dl < 0), and in the lower diffuser, where db/dl > 0, the flow depth increases (dh/dl > 0). Thus, the curve of the flow surface has a dip in the throat of the flooded Venturi channel. Integration of differential equation (13) made it possible to obtain the function of changing the Froude numbers in the flow along the length of the flooded Venturi channel (16), and then, using relations (17), to determine the depths and flow velocities. The verification showed that the calculated data are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The deviations between calculation and experiment do not exceed ±3%. This makes it possible to recommend the outlined methods for application in engineering practice.
Decrease in ecological damage of water throughput tubular transitions on spawning
Authors: Suetina T A , Chernykh O N , Burlachenko A V
Published: July 2021

Intensive growth of traffic demands decrease in negative impact of water throughput constructions on ecology. Conditions of the correct installation of the tubular transitions made from steel corrugated elements (MCE) on spawning waterways which performance will allow to ensure ecological safety at movement of fish are defined. Recommendations about the organization of overcoming by fishes of difference and a velocity pressure when moving in MCE culverts are made. The obtained data on speed on a transit part of a water throughput construction are of interest at problem solving on easy access of fishes through culverts to up-stream and design of culverts. Results of pilot hydraulic studies of MCE pipes of round shape according to depths and speeds are presented on an outlet from a pipe for different operating modes, at existence and lack of a protective tray in a ground part of pipes with helical (HC) and a normal (NC) form of a corrugation. It is established that if 10% of cross sectional area of a corrugated pipe are occupied with stone dumping, then flow rate is reduced approximately by 10-12%. Based on results of laboratory researches and published materials, data for assessment of value of roughness coefficients of composite section of a round culvert in the form of one-point transition are provided and the targets of future researches on melioration of culverts are planned. Received results can be used at hydraulic calculations and optimization of water throughput designs in nature protection and also highway engineering.
On the use of asphalt concrete mixes (according to the PNST)
Authors: Telegina M E , Averchenko G A , Mukharryamov I R , Vasiliev Y E , Kotlyarskiy E V
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the preliminary national standard 184-2016 “Public roads. Asphalt concrete road mixes and asphalt concrete. Technical conditions”. The purpose of the work is to identify incorrect and unsubstantiated data of the preliminary national standard in comparison with the current interstate standard 9128-2009 “Asphalt concrete road, airfield and asphalt concrete mixtures. Technical conditions”. The following are ideas, some comments and suggestions that should be taken into account when developing and approving the preliminary national standard for asphalt concrete. The comparative analysis is aimed at identifying unsubstantiated technical characteristics, physical and mechanical parameters and criteria for testing asphalt concrete. The topics covered include “Grain compositions”, “Road classification”, “Voids”, “Dust”, “Sample preparation for testing”. The feasibility of using the new system was evaluated. The results are presented in the form of a comparative analysis of the requirements of current standards with the requirements of preliminary standards for the general characteristics of asphalt concrete mixtures. Proposals have been developed to adjust the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete in accordance with the performance indicators of St. Petersburg roads.
The application of the fuzzy controller for tension system control of the scraper conveyor in the mines
Authors: Hieu Le Dinh , Temkin I.O , Van Tung Le
Published: July 2021

The tension control of the automatic adjustment system of the scraper conveyor used for the initial tension of the chain of the scraper conveyor. A hydraulic control system was developed in accordance with the principle, and a theory of system control was created. The controller with a Fuzzy-PID controller used in the automatic tuning system was designed to limit the minimum tension point to a certain specified area. Modeling has shown that it is possible to avoid an increase in power loss due to higher tension and chain exit from the sprocket due to lower tension.