bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Simonsen Jøsrn , Voigt Jørgen , Lyngborg Kjeld
Published: August 2010

Two cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOGM) seen among a total of 11,141 medico‐legal autopsies are reported, A review of the literature is presented; it shows that the disease occurs rarely and probably is hereditary. The manner of transmission is not known. Pathoanatomically, the diagnosis of HOCM ought to be based on macroscopical as well as microscopical findings. In the view of the authors the greater weight should be placed on the macroscopical findings as the microscopical abnormalities are not necessarily pathognomonic and vary in incidence. The marked and dominant hypertrophy of the ventricular septum is the characteristic finding in this disease. The cause of death is often congestive heart failure, but frequently death is sudden and unexpected.
COLONY GROWTH IN PRIMARY CULTURES OF EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOUR USING THE AGAR METHOD FOR HUMAN BONE MARROW CULTURE
Authors: Kwjdtzon Søren
Published: August 2010

A technique for colony formation in primary cultures of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells is described using the agar‐gel method of human bone marrow culture with human leukocytes serving as feeder cells. The colony forming efficiency was low in the primary cultures but increased rapidly by recloning of colonies upon new feeder layers at 8 days interval. Ascites tumours developed when single colonies were injected intraperitoneally into mice. In contrary to human bone marrow cultures lymphocytes or leukemic cells in the feeder layer were able to stimulate cell proliferation of Ehrlich tumour cells. Dialyzed human urine, active as a stimulator in mouse bone marrow cultures, did not stimulate Ehrlich tumour cell cultures. These findings suggests a difference, at least partly, in the nature of the feeder substance needed in the bone marrow cultures and the Ehrlich cell cultures. HeLa cells, L cells and two established Ehrlich cell lines in culture formed colonies also when cultured by the agar method. The soft agar technique offers a method for quantitative studies of drug sensitivity in primary cultures of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells and for the isolation of clones.
THYMOMA AND HODGKIN'S DISEASE OF THE THYMUS
Authors: Nickels Juhar , Franssila Kaarle , Hjelt Lars
Published: August 2010

Fourteen epithelial thymomas and eight granulomatous thymomas were studied in order to clarify the clinicopathological relationship of these diseases. The age distribution, histological picture and clinical course of granulomatous thymoma were quite different from those of epithelial thymoma but similar to those of the nodular sclerosing type of Hodgkin's disease. Granulomatous thymoma should therefore be distinguished from epithelial thymoma and perhaps called Hodgkin's disease of the thymus.
THE HISTOLOGICAL APPEARANCE OF HYPERFUNCTIONING THYROIDS FOLLOWING VARIOUS PRE‐OPERATIVE TREATMENTS
Authors: Eggen P. C. , Seljelid R.
Published: August 2010

It is well known that the pre‐operative treatment of thyrotoxic patients influences the histology of surgical specimens. However, a description of the exact relationship between the type of pre‐operative treatment and the histology is not available. The aim of the present investigation was to obtain some information on this point. It was found that the histology of thyrotoxic glands varied considerably and that the “classical” picture was seen only in about one third of the cases. Thyroids from patients treated only with iodine showed more variation within the specimen, taller cells, larger nuclei and nucleoli, more marginal vacuolization, and more germinal centres, but less vascularization of the stroma than thyroids from patients treated with sulphur‐containing thyrostatica.
PERIRENAL FIBROSIS AS A CAUSE OF UREMIA AND HYPERTENSION IN HUMAN TRANSPLANTED KIDNEYS
Authors: Faarup P. , Henriksen B. , ølgaard K. , Dahlager J. I.
Published: August 2010

In 3 renal transplanted patients perirenal fibrosis developed within one year after transplantation. The kidney function slowly decreased and uremia and hypertension developed in spite of intensive immunosuppressive treatment. The characteristic morphological changes in kidneys with perirenal fibrosis were atrophy and fibrosis localized in the superficial cortex. At biopsy this condition could easily be separated from immunologic and infective lesions of the parenchyma, as well as from vascular complications causing decrease in kidney function and hypertension. The clinical histories indicate that the perirenal fibrosis was caused by complicating perinefritis and/or perirenal hemorrhage in all three cases. In rats a closely similar lesion could be experimentally produced. It is concluded that perirenal fibrosis should be considered as an alternative diagnosis to chronic rejection and vascular complications in transplanted patients with late graft failure and hypertension.
TRANSPLANTABLE BREAST TUMOURS IN RATS:
Authors: Sander Sten , Jakobsen Arnt , Sander Jorunn
Published: August 2010

Breast cancers have been induced in female Fisher rats. This strain of animals was less susceptible to a development of tumours than the Sprague‐Dawley and the Wistar rats previously studied. The induced breast cancers were originally hormone‐responsive and could be transplanted to animals with intact ovarian function. Transplantation of hormone‐responsive tumours may result in the development of hormone‐unresponsive transplant tumours, whereas the opposite was not observed. It is argued that this change in hormone‐response can be explained as a selection phenomenon rather than a transformation of the tumour during the transplant procedure. The observed change in hormone‐response was paralleled by a change in tumour morphology.
ASBESTOS FIBRE IN THE LUNG AND MESOTHELIOMA A RE‐EXAMINATION OF THE MALMÖ MATERIAL
Authors: Pooley F. D.
Published: August 2010

An examination of general lung tissue with an electron microscope for asbestos fibres is reported. The 65 cases examined consisted of 33 cases of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma and 32 control cases. Asbestos fibres were found to be more abundant in the mesothelioma cases than in the controls. The most common fibres detected in the mesothelioma group were amphibole asbestos while chrysotile was the more predominant fibre detected in the controls. The difference in asbestos fibre content obtained between the mesothelioma group and controls is larger than the difference obtained in asbestos body counts made with an optical microscope on tissue from the same cases. In those cases found to be possitive for asbestos bodies by light microscopy amphibole asbestos fibres were the predominant fibre type detected.
DISTRIBUTION OF PITUITARY CELL TYPES IN RELATION TO THE HISTOLOGY OF THE PROSTATE IN ELDERLY MEN:
Authors: Haugen Olav A.
Published: August 2010

The distribution of cell types in the pituitary gland was studied in a consecutive autopsy series of men over 40 years of age. Among 166 individuals, not previously subjected to prostatic surgery or oestrogen treatment, the proportion of PAS‐positive cells was higher in men with hyperplasia or neoplasia of the prostate than among individuals showing a histologically normal prostate. PAS‐positive cell counts were negatively influenced by several factors related to wasting disease, while acidophil cells apparently increased in conditions of acute and severe stress. Using multiple regression analysis, benign prostatic hyperplasia was selected as the only one among histological diagnoses which significantly reduced the variability of PAS‐positive cell proportion, even when the negative influence of other factors had been accounted for. PAS‐positive cell counts did not effectively discriminate between the various forms of abnormal prostatic growth encountered. The data presented indirectly give support to the concept of some form of endocrine derangement in the ageing male.
PITUITARY ADENOMAS AND THE HISTOLOGY OF THE PROSTATE IN ELDERLY MEN
Authors: Haugen Olav A.
Published: August 2010

The frequency of pituitary adenomas was recorded in a consecutive autopsy series of men more than 40 years of age. Among 170 individuals, not previously subjected to prostatic surgery or treatment with oestrogenic hormones, pituitary adenomas were observed in 33 patients (19.4 per cent). The adenomas were mostly small, occupying less than 5 per cent of the section area of the adenohypophysis, and were preferably either chromophobe or mixed acidophil/chromophobe. Using multiple regression analysis, the presence of pituitary adenoma was analysed in relation to the histology of the prostate and several other factors. Pituitary adenomas occurred more frequently in relation to prostatic carcinoma than to other histological groups, and did not show a significant relationship to other factors tested.
LOSS OF EPITHELIAL BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCE A IN ORAL CARCINOMAS
Authors: Dabelsteen E. , Pindborg J. J.
Published: August 2010

Tissues from 12 oral squamous cell carcinomas were investigated for the presence of blood group antigen A. The antigen reactivity in the carcinomas was compared, by titration, to the reactivity of adjacent normal epithelium included in the same specimen. Normal epithelium always reacted positively. In 6 of 12 specimens the malignant cells gave a completely negative reaction. In 5 specimens there was a patchy distribution of positive reaction on cells within the carcinoma. However, these cells possessed less antigen than the normal epithelial cells at the edges of the surgical specimens. In one specimen the majority of cells in the carcinoma showed no decrease in reactivity. In three cases exhibiting slight epithelial atypia adjacent to the tumour, the reactivity of blood group substances in these areas was found to be higher than in the carcinomas but lower than in the normal mucosa.
CELLULAR REACTION TO GESTATIONAL CHORIOCARCINOMA AND INVASIVE MOLE
Authors: Mogensen Bent , Olsen Steen
Published: August 2010

Cellular reaction to primary and metastatic gestational choriocarcinoma (CHC) was observed in histological sections from all but one of the 23 patients included in this series. The reaction was slight in 8, moderate in 5, and marked in 9. The infiltrates consisted of lymphocytes and plasma cells. A statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) was demonstrated between the intensity of the reaction and the recovery of the patients. In 8 cases of primary invasive mole (IM), a similar reaction was observed. All these patients recovered. None of the 31 patients had had any treatment before the removal of the histological specimens examined in this study.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ON FRACTURE REPAIR IN THE RAT
Authors: Göthlin Gustav
Published: August 2010

The morphology of the different cell types in “primary” callus obtained by fracturing the femur shaft of rats is described in this investigation which is based on electron microscopic observations of undemineralized callus tissue obtained at various intervals after fracturing. The different cell types could be divided into two main groups, one consisting of cells with predominant matrix manufacturing properties, and one with phagocytic (or matrix resorbing) function. Macrophages were not only present during early callus formation but were also observed in the callus until the late mineralized stages and may be of importance for remodeling of the tissue at the late intervals. Large electron dense mitochondrial granules were found in chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts located close to calcified matrix.
AN IN VITRO STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF CYTOSTATIC DRUGS ON DNA SYNTHESIS IN METHYLCHOLANTHRENE INDUCED MOUSE SARCOMAS AND IN RAT WALKER 256 TUMOURS
Authors: Håkansson Leif , Tropé Glaes
Published: August 2010

In the present paper, an in vitro test model was used to study the effect of three cytostatic drugs on the DNA synthesis of experimental tumours: methylcholanthrene induced primary mouse sarcomas, transplanted methylcholanthrene induced sarcomas (tenth generation), and Walker 256 rat adenocarcinoma. A suspension of single cells and small tissue fragments was prepared and incubated with the following drugs: melphalan, vinblastine sulphate, and cytosine arabinoside. The effects of the three drugs were measured as the differences in incorporation of tritiated thymidine in drug‐containing tubes and control tubes. The effect of the drugs on the methylcholanthrene induced primary sarcomas showed a great variation which reasonably is not due to technical error as it is markedly reduced if serially transplanted sarcomas or rat Walker tumours were studied. A correlation of the effects between melphalan and cytosine arabinoside was observed for the sarcomas.
THE EFFECT OF A PHENYLALANINE‐TYROSINE LOW DIET ON THE GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTABLE MALIGNANT MELANOMAS OF THE SYRIAN GOLDEN HAMSTER (MESOCRICETUS AURATUS)
Authors: Jensen O. A. , Egeberg J. , Edmund J.
Published: August 2010

Syrian golden hamsters carrying transplantable subcutaneous melanomas were fed a diet low in phenylalanine and tyrosine a.m. Demopoulos. Tyrosine (which can be formed from phenylalanine) is the basic amino‐acid in melanin production and the substrate for tyrosinase, the basic enzyme in melanin synthesis. This enzyme is considered mandatory for a large part of vital respiration of the melanoma cell. Copper, an activator of tyrosinase, was reduced in the diet by chelation and precipitation. By depriving the enzyme of both its substrate (tyrosine) and its activator (copper) an effect on the metabolism and thereby on the growth of the neoplastic melanocyte was suspected. No significant difference was found in the survival period of controls and diet animals when the diet was instituted after transplantation of the tumour. When the diet was started weeks before transplantation, the survival period of dietarily treated animals was more than double the longest survival period of animals in the control group. The long‐term effect of the diet on normal hamsters was the development of a grey fur. Light microscopically, the tumours in the diet group showed neoplastic melanocytes with an apparently melanosome‐free cytoplasm, but with melanin aggregated in interstitially located melanophages, the number of which was higher than in the control tumours. Ultrastructurally, melanosomes were present in the dietarily treated neoplastic melanocytes, but they were few and small. The results were interpreted as an effect of the diet on the melanin metabolism.
ACTIVATION OF LYMPHOID LEUCOSIS IN CHICKS BY IRRADIATION
Authors: Lagerlöf Bengt , Mares Ivo
Published: August 2010

Two strains of commercially bred chicks (White Leghorn and Babcock), and one strain of “leucosis‐free” chicks (White Leghorn‐SPAFAS) were treated with whole‐body irradiation. This treatment enhanced the incidence of lymphoid leucosis in the commercially bred animals; with the highest dose of irradiation employed (300 rad × 4), 20 per cent of the Babcock chicks developed lymphoid leucosis after a latent period of 161–357 days, whereas none of the irradiated SPAFAS chicks which were kept in strict isolation during the whole experimental period developed leucosis. One out of eight SPAFAS chicks kept in contact with “leucosis‐carrying” chicks developed lymphoid leucosis. The disease was transmissible to other non‐irradiated chicks with cell‐free material. The whole‐body irradiation is considered to have a complex effect with possible activation of latent avian tumour virus. The possibility of induction of virus production in “leucosis‐free” chicks is discussed.
ALKALINE AND ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN SARCOID LYMPH NODES
Authors: Palva T. , Raunio V. , Nousiainen R.
Published: August 2010

Quantitative and electrophoretic analyses were performed to determine alkaline and acid phosphatase activity of nodular homogenates from 22 patients with sarcoidosis, 7 patients with normal mediastinal nodes, and 4 patients with metastatic carcinomatous nodes. Enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was stronger in sarcoidosis than in normal or carcinomatous nodes while acid phosphatase activity was similar in sarcoid and normal nodes but stronger than in carcinomatous nodes. Inhibition tests showed that nodes showed acid phosphatase with a major component of erythrocyte and a minor component of prostatic type. Serum alkaline phosphatase was resistant to heating at 70°C which destroyed all nodular activity. Activity in the supernatants was weaker than in the homogenates. The high nodular acid phosphatase activity, nearly 1,000 times stronger than in serum, may contribute to an increased resistance against tubercle bacilli.
INCREASED CELLULAR REACTION TO DAMAGE CAUSED BY ANGIOTENSIN IN ARTERIOLES OF NORMAL RECIPIENT RATS AFTER TRANSFER OF LYMPHOCYTES FROM HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Svendsen Ulrik Gerner
Published: August 2010

The presence of an immunological factor in vascular disease in renal hypertensive rats is demonstrated by showing, that transfer of thoracic duct cells from these rats to normal syngeneic recipients is followed by a change in the reactivity to injections of angiotensin with the result that the normal recipients react with a secondary cellular response in the damaged arterioles.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A MEASLES‐CARRIER HUMAN CELL LINE
Authors: Heneen W. K. , Levan A. , Nichols W. W.
Published: August 2010

Electron microscopic studies were conducted on cultured monolayers of human cells (LU 106) persistently infected with the Edmonston strain of measles virus. Viral nucleocapsids were detectable in the cytoplasm and less often in the nucleus. The aspects of virus/cell interrelationships described and discussed are: (a) the occurrence of viral materials in metaphase cells, (b) the appearance of degenerating cytoplasms and nuclei, (c) the occurrence of microtubules in cellular projections that contained aligned nucleocapsids, and (d) the release of nucleocapsids through the rupture of the cell membrane.
MORPHOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE LEYDIG CELLS IN ELDERLY MEN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE HISTOLOGY OF THE PROSTATE
Authors: Harbitz Thorstein B.
Published: August 2010

As part of a comprehensive study of morphological characteristics of the testes, the pituitary gland and the adrenal glands in men with prostatic hyperplasia and neoplasia, Leydig cell weight (WL) was estimated and analysed in a consecutive autopsy series of 172 men aged 40 years or more. WL. varied widely at all ages and decreased gradually with advancing age. Protracted illness before death and treatment with steroid hormones other than oestrogens were associated with reduced WL. In patients with prostatic carcinoma, treatment with oestrogenic hormones apparently caused a rapid disappearance of the Leydig cells. Both high and low weights were observed in patients with benign nodular hyperplasia (BNH) alone and in those with carcinoma (C) of the prostate, and no convincing relationship between WLper se and the presence of C or BNH was demonstrable at simple and multiple regression analysis. This implies that an estimation of WL as such does not discriminate between cases of C and BNH. A negative and statistically significant correlation between WL and age was demonstrated in patients with BNH alone and in those with BNH + G.
MALE BREAST CANCER
Authors: Scheike Ole , Visfeldt Jakob , Petersen Bent
Published: August 2010

Thirty male patients with breast carcinoma were examined for sex chromatin. One of them was found to be sex chromatin positive. Chromosome analysis of peripheral blood revealed the chromosomal constitution normally found in the Klinefelter syndrome. By pooling series of cases of male breast cancer, in which systematical screening for sex chromatin was made, it was found that 9 out of 242 patients were sex chromatin positive, which is a higher number than that found in the normal male population. Calculated on the basis of the incidence of breast cancer in women and men, and of the incidence of sex chromatin positive individuals in the normal male population, the incidence of breast cancer among patients with the Klinefelter syndrome was found to be about one fifth of the incidence of breast cancer in women and about twenty times the incidence of breast cancer in normal men. The breast carcinoma found in the sex chromatin positive patient in our material presented no special histological features. Testicular histology showed a pattern different from that normally found in the Klinefelter syndrome, since no totally hyalinized a‐cellular tubules, which are considered pathognomonic for the Klinefelter syndrome, could be demonstrated.
THE SYMPATHETIC MYOCARDIAL INNERVATION IN VARIOUS FORMS OF EXPERIMENTAL CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Unge Gunnar , Mandache Eugen , Ljungqvist Arne
Published: August 2010

The sympathetic innervation of the hypertrophied myocardium was investigated by the histochemical fluorescence method for biogenic monoamines and electron microscopy. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by renal hypertension, aortic stenosis and swimming exercise. An increase in the density of adrenergic structures was observed in relation to small vessels in the left cardiac wall in swimming exercised rats and, although to a much less extent, in the hypertensive rats. In relation to the larger myocardial vessels an increased density was observed in swimming exercised rats and in rats with long‐term hypertension. In the electron microscope, nerve structures were seen adjacent to growing capillaries. The number of nerve fibres and filaments related to each vessel was not increased. No change was observed in the rats with aortic stenosis. The observations indicate that in cardiac hypertrophy secondary to swimming exercise the newly formed myocardial blood vessels aquire a normal adrenergic nerve supply.
EOSINOPHILS IN THE BONE MARROW OF NORMAL AND CORTISOL‐TREATED RATS Quantitative and Autoradiographic Studies
Authors: Bro‐Rasmussen Frede
Published: August 2010

Absolute counts of the eosinophil cells of the blood and bone marrow were carried out in a haemocytometer and combined with autoradiographic studies of smears of blood and bone‐marrow suspensions from normal rats and cortisol‐treated rats. A certain parallelism was found between the number of circulating eosinophil leucocytes and the eosinophils of the bone marrow. Calculations showed that the bone marrow contains more than 50 times as many eosinophils as the blood. Single injections of Cortisol (5 mg intraperitoneally) as well as repeated injections of Cortisol (5 mg every 6 hours for up to 3 days) induced blood and bone‐marrow eosinopenia. The decrease in the number of eosinophils in the bone marrow appears to be due primarily to a decrease of mature (non‐prolifera ting) eosinophils. During repeated injections there was continued proliferation of eosinophil cells in the bone marrow, but mitotic activity was reduced. Appearances like those in the bone marrow have previously been observed in the spleen (Bro‐Rasmussen 1972 and 1973).
A STEREOLOGICAL STUDY OF INTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS
Authors: Jørgensen M.
Published: August 2010

An anatomical investigation of “bile duct proliferation” has been undertaken in order to contribute to our understanding of its pathogenesis. Stereology has not revealed any differences in anatomy which could be correlated to aetiology. The geometrical shape of the ductules was found to be a flattened cylinder. This explains the impression that they are sectioned more longitudinally in histological slides than normal ducts. A three‐dimensional reconstruction from one of the cases confirmed this result and illustrated the arrangement of the ducts. These formed an irregular, three‐dimensional network with many connections to the parenchyma. It is concluded that this anatomy differs so markedly from that of normal bile ducts that it is improbable that the latter are the source of origin. In contrast, the anatomy is quite similar to that of the hepatic muralium, which is proposed as the origin of proliferating ductules.
MORPHOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE SERTOLI CELLS IN ELDERLY MEN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE HISTOLOGY OF THE PROSTATE An Analysis in an Autopsy Series
Authors: Harbitz Thorstein B.
Published: August 2010

An index (Si) for the absolute number of Sertoli cells, based upon the count of Sertoli cell nuclei, was determined in a consecutive autopsy series of 141 men over 40 years of age. This investigation formed part of a comprehensive study of morphological characteristics of the testes, the pituitary gland and the adrenal glands in men with prostatic hyperplasia and neoplasia. Patients with clinically manifest carcinoma of the prostate or who had previously been subjected to prostatic surgery were not included. Si varied widely at all ages and within all groups of prostatic histology. At both simple and multiple regression analyses, Si showed a negative and statistically significant correlation to age. The number of Sertoli cells per se was not clearly related to the histology of the prostate. In men with normal histology of the prostate, who were all under 70 years of age, Si remained practically unaltered with advancing age. Declining Sertoli cell numbers with age were demonstrated in patients with benign nodular hyperplasia either alone (BNH) or together with carcinoma (C + BNH), although the correlation was statistically significant only within the BNH group.
THE ADRENAL GLANDS OF ELDERLY MEN IN RELATION TO ABNORMAL PROSTATIC GROWTH
Authors: Haugen Olav A.
Published: August 2010

The variability of adrenal weight and cortical thickness was studied in a consecutive autopsy series comprising 154 men over 40 years of age. Among several factors tested by multiple regression analysis, a significant and positive correlation between adrenal weight and body length was demonstrated only. At all age levels and within all groups of prostatic histology the adrenal weights varied markedly. No significant association between the adrenal parameters studied, including the presence of adreno‐cortical adenomas, and any of the defined groups of prostatic histology was found in this series. With advancing age, however, a significant decrease of adrenal weight appeared in men with prostatic carcinoma which was not seen in men with benign hyperplasia. The validity and importance of this observation is obscure. It is concluded on the basis of morphological studies of the adrenal glands that there is no firm indication to suggest that the adrenal glands are involved in the patho‐genesis of abnormal growth of the prostate in elderly men.
MORPHOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES IN ELDERLY MEN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE HISTOLOGY OF THE PROSTATE
Authors: Harbitz Thorstein B.
Published: August 2010

The weight of the seminiferous tubules (WTU) was estimated and analysed in a consecutive autopsy series of men over 40 years. This series also formed the basis for a comprehensive study of morphological characteristics of the testes, the pituitary gland and the adrenal glands in men with prostatic hyperplasia and neoplasia. Among 172 patients who had not previously undergone prostatic surgery or received oestrogenic hormones, WTU varied considerably at all ages and showed no significant alteration with advancing age. At simple and multiple regression analysis, body weight and death from cardiovascular disease were positively correlated with WTu, whereas protracted terminal illness apparently reduced WTu significantly. WTUperse showed no relation to the presence of benign nodular hyperplasia (BNH) or carcinoma (C) of the prostate, and did not discriminate between the various forms of abnormal prostatic growth encountered. However, patients with BNH generally showed a conspicuous reduction in WTU with age, whereas C was associated, to a larger extent, with preserved tubular mass in advanced years. WTU was moderately lowered in 24 men who had been subjected to prostatic surgery, and oestrogen treatment for prostatic carcinoma apparently resulted in severe degeneration of the seminiferous tubules. The results are in accordance with the assumption that some form of endocrine impairment at the gonadal and/or pituitary level is involved in the pathogenesis of prostatic hyperplasia and neoplasia.
INFLUENCE OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE TREATMENT AND NEONATAL THYMECTOMY ON GLOMERULAR CHANGES IN RATS WITH LONG‐TERM ALLOXAN DIABETES
Authors: Hägg Erik
Published: August 2010

The effect of cyclophosphamide treatment and neonatal thymectomy on glomerular lesions in rats with long‐term alloxan diabetes was studied. There were no significant differences between treated and untreated diabetic rats in the occurrence of glomerular IgG, graded and measured basement membrane thickness, and mesangial area. In cyclophosphamide treated animals, however, there was a tendency toward reduced thickening of the glomerular basement membrane without decrease of glomerular IgG and of the degree of diabetes, as measured by diuresis. The results do not support the assumption that immunological mechanisms are important in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease in diabetes.
PSEUDODIPLOID KARYOTYPE IN A BREAST CARCINOMA
Authors: Bodor Ferenc , Håkansson Carl Håkan , Norgren Allan
Published: August 2010

One case of a low differentiated breast carcinoma showed a well defined karyotype with loss of one chromosome No. 16 and an additional chromosome in the B‐group.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF DYSPLASIA AND CARCINOMA IN SITU IN CERVICAL CONES
Authors: Rubio C. A. , Lagerlöf B.
Published: August 2010

Autoradiograms of histological slides of 98 cervical cone specimens with dysplasia and carcinoma in situ were analysed after incubation of tissue samples with 3H thymidine in vitro. There was a gradual increase in the proportion of labelled cells from normal to carcinoma in situ. Labelling of superficial cell layers occurred in almost all sections from quadrants with carcinoma in situ, in 80 per cent of those with severe dysplasia, in 22 per cent with moderate dysplasia and in 8 per cent with slight dysplasia, while sections from quadrants with normal epithelium were autoradiographically negative in the superficial cell layers. The labelling of superficial cells in slight and moderate dysplasia suggests that, despite cytoplasmic maturation, their nuclei retained the property of less mature and undifferentiated cells, i.e. the capacity of DNA replication. The highest proportion of labelled cells was found in areas with carcinoma in situ with buds.
SELECTIVE ELIMINATION IN VITRO OF SENSITIVE CELL CLONES IN METHYLCHOLANTHRENE INDUCED SARCOMA BY VINBLASTINE SULPHATE
Authors: Tropé Claes
Published: August 2010

An in vitro short term model was used to study whether vinblastine sulphate could selectively eliminate cells sensitive to it. The effect of the drug was determined as the reduction of the incorporation of H3‐thymidine into drug treated cells compared with control cells. The transplantability of the cells after incubation with and without vinblastine sulphate was examined. At the transplantation of a fresh cell suspension, only a fraction of the injected cells start growing and produce a tumour. When a cell suspension incubated in vitro for four hours is used, still fewer cells survive and produce tumour growth. A significant reduction in drug effect could be demonstrated in tests performed on tumours developed after in vitro incubation with vinblastine sulphate. The most reasonable explanation of this phenomenon is that the vinblastine sulphate treatment selectively eliminates “sensitive” cells and leaves “resistant” cells alive, resulting in a change in composition of the tumour cell population.
CROHN'S DISEASE IN HETEROTOPIC GASTRIC MUCOSA IN A MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM
Authors: Bondeson L. , Starck‐Bondeson A.–G.
Published: August 2010

In a case of Crohn's disease, typical ulcerative and granulomatous changes were found also in ectopic gastric mucosa in a Meckel's diverticulum. Thus, the infrequency of gastric engagement as compared with ileo‐colic engagement in Crohn's disease seems to be related to differences other than those of mucosal type. Possible ways of the diverticulum as such to influence the development of the disease are discussed and the incidence of a co‐existing Meckel's diverticulum in Crohn's disease is commented.
EXPERIMENTAL MURINE LEPROSY
Authors: Closs Otto , Haugen Olav A.
Published: August 2010

Female mice of the outbred strain NMRI, and the five inbred strains AKR, BALB/c, C3H, C57/BL, and White Label were infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium. Infectious lesions in the liver were evaluated histologically with regard to the type of inflammatory reaction and content of bacilli. In the outbred strain the host response of individual mice varied considerably. This variation diminished if a large inoculum was used and the infection allowed to proceed for a long time. Within the inbred strains individual animals showed a more uniform type of reaction. However, clear differences in the host response to murine leprosy could be demonstrated in these strains, most markedly between the strains C3H and C57/BL. In C3H, the infection seemed to make uninhibited progress and the granulomas contained large numbers of bacilli with few or no surrounding lymphocytes. The granulomas of C57/BL mice contained fewer bacilli and regularly showed infiltration by lymphocytes. However, after a large inoculum of bacilli this difference in host response seemed less evident. The present study confirms our previous observation that outbred mice differ in their host response to murine leprosy. Evidence is presented that this variation is due to differences in the ability of individual mice to mount a cell mediated immune response against the mycobacterium. The capability to respond is shown to depend on genetic factors of the host.
LOBULAR CARCINOMA IN ‐SITU.
Authors: Andersen Johan Adolph
Published: August 2010

During a retrospective histological study based on examination of 3299 female breast tissue specimens with otherwise benign diseases, 52 cases of lobular carcinoma in situ were found. Five cases presented previous invasive breast carcinoma, and one of these developed subsequently invasive carcinoma during the first year after the biopsy. Out of 47 cases without previous invasive breast carcinoma, 10 developed subsequently 12 invasive carcinomas. Eight were ipsilateral and were revealed within the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, 18th, and 22nd year, respectively. Four were contralateral and were found within the 7th, 8th, 12th, and 24th year after the primary biopsy. The average follow‐up period was 15 years. Strict follow‐up of patients with lobular carcinoma in situ, carried out by a permanent team, is considered a realistic alternative to mastectomy.
LARYNGEAL LESIONS IN URBACH‐WIETHE DISEASE (LIPOGLYCOPROTEINOSIS; LIPOID PROTEINOSIS; HYALINOSIS CUTIS ET MUCOSAE)
Authors: Hofer P.‐Å. , Öhman J.
Published: August 2010

In Northern Sweden 27 patients with Urbach‐Wiethe disease (lipoglycoproteinosis, lipoid proteinosis, hyalinosis cutis et mucosae) are known. Twenty‐six of them were hoarse and one was not. According to anamnesis, the hoarseness had been present since the first years of life. Some earlier diagnoses indicate that the disease may be confused with more common disorders such as chronic laryngitis and singer's nodule. In agreement with preceding reports it was observed in 4 of our patients that the laryngeal changes in UWD may be demonstrated by tomography. In one of the Swedish patients the laryngeal symptoms necessitated a tracheostomy. The impression from a laryngoscopical study of 10 patients was that the laryngeal changes are more conspicuous in patients with more pronounced hoarseness. The hoarseness seems to be due to air‐leakage, as perfect closure of the vocal cords is impossible due to their irregular borders. A histopathological study of 7 patients showed that the vocal cords may contain abundant deposits of the substance typical for UWD and that deposits can extend throughout the whole submucous layer down to the muscular coat. The UWD deposits were stained yellow in van Gieson's and Herovici's methods and red with haematoxylin and eosin. A positive reaction was obtained with the periodic acid‐Schiff procedure and to a moderate degree also with the p‐dimethylaminobenzaldehyde reaction for tryptophan, and a negative reaction for fibrin was obtained with the phosphotungstic acid method. Unequivocally positive reactions were not obtained with the methods for amyloid. The reticulin staining procedure gave variable results. It was found that differentiation between degenerated elastin and UWD deposits may at least sometimes be difficult unless a specific method for elastin is applied.
LOCALIZATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN URINARY BLADDER TUMOURS
Authors: Johansson Bengt , Ljungqvist Arne
Published: August 2010

Biopsy specimens from primary tumours of the urinary bladder in 36 patients were examined for the presence of immunoglobulins, using a direct immunofluorescence technique. The tumours were also studied by normal histological methods to determine the malignancy grade and degree of invasive growth as well as the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells. An immunoglobulin estimation in urine and serum from the patients was performed by immunodiffusion. The IgM demonstrated in lymphocytes and plasma cells of the tumours' connective tissue stroma was found to be directly related to the malignancy grading. There was even a correlation to the urinary output of zgM, but not to its serum concentration. These results further support the view that an immune reaction occurs in epithelial tumours of the urinary bladder, and that an estimation of the urinary output of IgM can be of diagnostic value in these cases.
PARTICLES SIMILAR TO MOUSE LEUKAEMIA VIRUS IN EHRLICH'S ASCITES CARCINOMA AND IN RETICULUM CELL NEOPLASMS TYPE B
Authors: Myking Andreas O. , Åbro Arnold
Published: August 2010

Particles with morphological features similar to mouse leukaemia virus have been detected in a transplant of Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) and in two reticulum cell neoplasms (RCN) of histological type B. One RCN arose in a mouse subsequent to inoculation with vital EAC cells; the other, in a sham‐treated mouse. The virus is considered a possible agent causing enhanced development of reticulum cell neoplasms.
A HEAT LABILE FACTOR RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF RETICULUM CELL NEOPLASMS TYPE B FOLLOWING INTRAPERITONEAL INOCULATIONS OF CELL‐FREE FILTRATE OF EHRLICH'S ASCITES CARCINOMA
Authors: Myking Andreas O.
Published: August 2010

A high incidence of reticulum cell neoplasms type B was recorded following repeated intraperitoneal injections of cell‐free filtrate prepared from Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma. Immunological challenge corresponding to the filtrate injections or immunological stimulation in addition to filtrate injections, did not influence the incidence or type of lymphomas to develop.
THE PERMEABILITY PATHWAYS IN THE WALLS OF INTESTINAL SUBMUCOSAL ARTERIOLES IN ACUTE ANGIOTENSIN‐INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN RATS
Authors: Thorball Niels , Olsen Finn
Published: August 2010

In rats with acute angiotensin‐induced hypertension, segments from intestinal submucosal arterioles dilated and permeable to plasma components were studied in the electron microscope. The permeability pathways were found to be endothelial gaps measuring from 900 Å to 29 microns, discontinuities of the endothelial basement membrane, fenestrae in the internal elastic lamina and discontinuities of the luminal basement membrane of the media. Most of the endothelial gaps were shown to be dilated endothelial junctions, and colloidal carbon and formed elements of the blood were found passing through the gaps. In media, carbon was found extra‐ and intracellularly if the smooth muscle cells were severely damaged. Penetration of carbon into the adventitia was not found when the adventitial basement membrane of the media was intact. The changes are probably caused by mechanical factors secondary to the development of dilatations.
PORCINE SALMONELLOSIS: A COUNTERPART TO THE GENERALIZED SHWARTZMAN REACTION
Authors: Nordstoga Knut
Published: August 2010

The hyaline or “fibrinoid” material deposited in glomerular capillaries and minor vessels of the corium in association with swine salmonellosis, an experimental model of the generalized Shwartzman reaction, was found to be derived predominantly from disintegrated red blood cells. Severe stasis with excessive vasodilatation preceded the erythrocytic damage. Massive haemolysis did not seem to take place; the stagnant and tightly packed red cells in the engorged vessels were submitted to various types of disintegrating processes, the ultimate result being partial lysis. It is suggested that this erythrocytic debris corresponds to the hyaline masses which frequently stain as fibrin in conventional histological sections.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN INTESTINAL SUBMUCOSAL ARTERIOLES IN ANGIOTENSIN‐INDUCED ACUTE HYPERTENSION IN RATS
Authors: Thorball Niels , Olsen Finn
Published: August 2010

The ultrastructure of intestinal submucosal arterioles in rats with angiotensin‐induced hypertension was examined. Dilated arteriolar segments showed focally localized severe changes (“patches”) with gaps in the endothelial cell layer and with discontinuities in the endothelial basement membrane, the internal elastic lamina and the luminal basement membrane of media. Through the discontinuities, plasma, formed elements of the blood and injected carbon particles penetrated into the arteriolar wall. In the patches, severe injury and slighter degenerative changes were observed in all layers of the vascular wall, Lesions were most extensive in the media and showed a gradient in severity of changes from the centre to the marginal zone of the patches. The observed changes were results of smooth muscle cell necrosis and plasma insudation.
EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR SPECIFIC LOADING OF KUPFFER CELL LYSOSOMES WITH HEAVY COLLOIDAL PARTICLES
Authors: Arborgh Bengt , Berg Trond , Ericsson Jan L. E.
Published: August 2010

The purpose of this electron microscopic study was to analyze the possibility to achieve a selective uptake of heavy macromolecules in Kupffer cell lysosomes of rat liver in order to create a basis for attempts aiming at isolating Kupffer cell lysosomes by way of ultra‐centrifugational techniques. Intravenous injections of colloidal solutions of thorium dioxide and silver iodide were employed for this purpose. The results showed that typical thorium dioxide macromolecules (70–200 Å large) appeared in the vacuolar apparatus of both Kupffer and parenchymal cells early after the injection. On the other hand, aggregates of silver iodide macromolecules (200–1,300 Å large) were only encountered in the Kupffer cells, and became concentrated in the lysosomes of these cells during the first hour after intravenous administration. Disappearance of the large granular silver iodide compound occurred between 12 and 24 hours post‐injection. The evidence suggested that this was due to disaggregation of the macromolecules into single silver iodide units capable of escaping through intact lysosomal membranes. These small molecules might—in part—be transferred to the lysosomes of the parenchymal cells. It was concluded that pretreatment of rats with an intravenous injection of colloidal silver iodide (Neosilvol®) should be a useful approach to achieving the isolation of Kupffer cell lysosomes, provided the fractionation was performed approximately 60 minutes after the administration.
THE ABILITY OF VARIOUS INSULINS AND INSULIN FRAGMENTS TO INHIBIT THE ANGIOTENSIN I CONVERTING ENZYME
Authors: Bing Jens , Poulsen Knud , Markussen Jan
Published: August 2010

A variety of insulins and insulin fragments were shown to be active as inhibitors of angiotensin I converting enzyme from guinea pig plasma when tested in vitro. Angiotensin I was used as substrate and the consumption rate of angiotensin I as well as the generation rate of angiotensin II were measured by means of specific radioimmunoassays for angiotensin I and II. The B‐chain of insulin from different species possessed about the same inhibitory capacity as the whole insulin molecule. In an attempt to locate the active part of the sequence of the B‐chain, the five peptides which resulted from tryptic digestion of the duck insulin B‐chain were studied. They were, however, all active as inhibitors and on molar basis equal to or slightly more potent than the B‐chain and insulin. This demonstrates the unspecific nature of converting enzyme. Its affinity for insulin and its peptide fragments were, however, two to four orders of magnitude lower than it was for the most potent inhibitor described so far, the synthetic nonapeptide SQ 20.881. This difference was confirmed in in vivo experiments.
AN ATTEMPT TO USE THE WHO TYPING IN THE HISTOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF LUNG CARCINOMAS
Authors: Reinilä Alli , Dammert Kai
Published: August 2010

An earlier lung carcinoma material collected during 1968–1971 was re‐examined. The series comprised 175 cases, 91 (52 per cent) of which were detected by biopsy and 84 (48 per cent) at autopsy. The significance of the results was evaluated in the light of the clinical course of the disease, mainly in the light of the survival. Epidermoid carcinomas were classified into two groups, one comprising carcinomas with high or moderate differentiation and another comprising those with slight differentiation, which were then dealt with as separate categories. The distribution was as follows: 68 (38.85 per cent) highly or moderately differentiated epidermoid carcinomas, including 6 of the clear‐cell type which are here classified as belonging to this group, and 27 (15.44 per cent) slightly differentiated epidermoid carcinomas, making up a total of 95 (54.29 per cent). Parvo‐cellular anaplastic carcinomas numbered 52 (29.72 per cent) and adenocarcinomas 15 (8.57 per cent) among which 12 (6.86 per cent) were bronchogenic and 3 (1.71 per cent) bronchiolo‐alveolar. Large‐cell carcinoma, mucous gland carcinoma, combined epidermoid‐adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma each occurred once (0.57 per cent). There were a further 7 (4.0 per cent) unclassifiable cases and 2 (1.14 per cent) mesotheliomas. Survival in the two groups of epidermoid carcinomas was seen to differ significantly. As regards the 3 patients with clear‐cell carcinomas survival was notably good. It was difficult histologically to draw a line between the slightly differentiated epidermoid carcinoma and the fusiform and polygonal subtypes of the anaplastic parvocellular carcinoma. Nor was there any significant difference in survival in these groups.
STUDIES OF THE ACTIVITY IN CHICKEN SERUM THAT STIMULATES THE LYMPHOID DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMBRYONIC CHICKEN THYMUS IN ORGAN CULTURE
Authors: Sällström Jan F.
Published: August 2010

Some properties of the thymus stimulating activity in chicken serum (TSAS) which is essential for the lymphoid development of the embryonic chicken thymus in organ culture, have been studied and a partial purification has been performed. TSAS resisted heating for 30 min at 60° C but not higher temperatures. During dialysis and ultrafiltration of serum a loss of TSAS down to a constant level of about 50 per cent of the original activity was obtained. TSAS was sensitive to treatment at pH 5 or lower but resisted alkaline pH up to at least pH 10. When serum was fractionated with ammonium sulphate little TSAS precipitated at 2.43 M ammonium sulphate or lower. At higher concentrations TSAS was found in the precipitates, but even at 4.05 M significant activity remained in the supernatant. TSAS was recovered from a fraction dominated by the serum albumins after gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200 and G‐100. Further fractionation by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE‐Sephadex separated the TSAS from serum albumin. These results suggest that part of the TSAS is associated with one or more specific factors with a molecular weight of approximately 70,000. The effect of the partly purified TSAS on the growth and morphologic development of the embryonic thymus in organ culture was studied.