bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of EXO1 nuclease activity in genome maintenance, the immune response and tumor suppression in Exo1D173A mice
Authors: Wang Shanzhi , Lee Kyeryoung , Gray Stephen , Zhang Yongwei , Tang Catherine , Morrish Rikke B. , Tosti Elena , van Oers Johanna , Cohen Paula E. , MacCarthy Thomas , Roa Sergio , Scharff Matthew , Edelmann Winfried , Chahwan Richard
Published: October 2021

DNA damage response pathways rely extensively on nuclease activity to process DNA intermediates. Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) is a pleiotropic evolutionary conserved DNA exonuclease involved in various DNA repair pathways, replication, antibody diversification, and meiosis. But, whether EXO1 facilitates these DNA metabolic processes through its enzymatic or scaffolding functions remains unclear. Here we dissect the contribution of EXO1 enzymatic versus scaffolding activity by comparing Exo1DA/DA mice expressing a proven nuclease-dead mutant form of EXO1 to entirely EXO1-deficient Exo1−/− and EXO1 wild type Exo1+/+ mice. We show that Exo1DA/DA and Exo1−/− mice are compromised in canonical DNA repair processing, suggesting that the EXO1 enzymatic role is important for error-free DNA mismatch and double-strand break repair pathways. However, in non-canonical repair pathways, EXO1 appears to have a more nuanced function. Next-generation sequencing of heavy chain V region in B cells showed the mutation spectra of Exo1DA/DA mice to be intermediate between Exo1+/+ and Exo1−/− mice, suggesting that both catalytic and scaffolding roles of EXO1 are important for somatic hypermutation. Similarly, while overall class switch recombination in Exo1DA/DA and Exo1−/− mice was comparably defective, switch-switch junction analysis suggests that EXO1 might fulfill an additional scaffolding function downstream of class switching. In contrast to Exo1−/− mice that are infertile, meiosis progressed normally in Exo1DA/DA and Exo1+/+ cohorts, indicating that a structural but not the nuclease function of EXO1 is critical for meiosis. However, both Exo1DA/DA and Exo1−/− mice displayed similar mortality and cancer predisposition profiles. Taken together, these data demonstrate that EXO1 has both scaffolding and enzymatic functions in distinct DNA repair processes and suggest a more composite and intricate role for EXO1 in DNA metabolic processes and disease.
SARS-CoV-2 causes human BBB injury and neuroinflammation indirectly in a linked organ chip platform
Authors: Wang Peng , Jin Lin , Zhang Min , Wu Yunsong , Duan Zilei , Chen Wenwen , Wang Chaoming , Liao Zhiyi , Han Jianbao , Guo Yingqi , Guo Yaqiong , Wang Yaqing , Lai Ren , Qin Jianhua
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 is a multi-system disease affecting many organs outside of the lungs, and patients generally develop varying degrees of neurological symptoms. Whereas, the pathogenesis underlying these neurological manifestations remains elusive. Although in vitro models and animal models are widely used in studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection, human organ models that can reflect the pathological alterations in a multi-organ context are still lacking. In this study, we propose a new strategy to probe the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on human brains in a linked alveolus-BBB organ chip platform. The new multi-organ platform allows to recapitulate the essential features of human alveolar-capillary barrier and blood-brain barrier in a microfluidic condition by co-culturing the organ-specific cells. The results reveal direct SARS-CoV-2 exposure has no obvious effects on BBB chip alone. While, infusion of endothelial medium from infected alveolus chips can cause BBB dysfunction and neuroinflammation on the linked chip platform, including brain endothelium disruption, glial cell activation and inflammatory cytokines release. These new findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 could induce neuropathological alterations, which might not result from direct viral infection through hematogenous route, but rather likely from systemic inflammation following lung infection. This work provides a new strategy to study the virus-host interaction and neuropathology at an organ-organ context, which is not easily obtained by other in vitro models. This will facilitate to understand the neurological pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2 and accelerate the development of new therapeutics.

A linked human alveolus-BBB chip platform is established to explore the influences of SARS-CoV-2 on human brains in an organ-organ context.

SARS-CoV-2 infection could induce BBB injury and neuroinflammation.

The neuropathological changes are caused by SARS-CoV-2 indirectly, which might be mediated by systemic inflammation following lung infection, but probably not by direct viral neuroinvasion.
Intra-genomic rDNA gene variability of Nassellaria and Spumellaria (Rhizaria, Radiolaria) assessed by Sanger, MinION and Illumina sequencing
Authors: Sandin Miguel M. , Romac Sarah , Not Fabrice
Published: October 2021

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes are known to be valuable markers for the barcoding of eukaryotic life and its phylogenetic classification at various taxonomic levels. The large scale exploration of environmental microbial diversity through metabarcoding approaches have been focused mainly on the V4 and V9 regions of the 18S rDNA gene. The accurate interpretation of such environmental surveys is hampered by technical (e.g., PCR and sequencing errors) and biological biases (e.g., intra-genomic variability). Here we explored the intra-genomic diversity of Nassellaria and Spumellaria specimens (Radiolaria) by comparing Sanger sequencing with Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (MinION). Our analysis determined that intra-genomic variability of Nassellaria and Spumellaria is generally low, yet some Spumellaria specimens showed two different copies of the V4 with <97% similarity. From the different sequencing methods, Illumina showed the highest number of contaminations (i.e., environmental DNA, cross-contamination, tag-jumping), revealed by its high sequencing depth; and MinION showed the highest sequencing rate error (~14%). Yet the long reads produced by MinION (~2900 bp) allowed accurate phylogenetic reconstruction studies. These results highlight the requirement for a careful interpretation of Illumina based metabarcoding studies, in particular regarding low abundant amplicons, and open future perspectives towards full environmental rDNA metabarcoding surveys.
Multimerization and tubulin binding are required for the SPIRAL2 protein to localize to and stabilize microtubule minus ends
Authors: Fan Yuanwei , Bilkey Natasha , Dixit Ram
Published: October 2021

Accruing evidence points to the control of microtubule minus-end dynamics as being crucial for the spatial arrangement and function of the microtubule cytoskeleton. In plants, the SPIRAL2 (SPR2) protein has emerged as a microtubule minus-end regulator that is structurally distinct from the animal minus-end regulators. Previously, SPR2 was shown to autonomously localize to microtubule minus ends and decrease their depolymerization rate. Here, we used in vitro and in planta experiments to identify the structural determinants required for SPR2 to recognize and stabilize microtubule minus ends. We show that SPR2 contains a single N-terminal TOG domain that binds to soluble tubulin. The TOG domain, a basic region, and coiled-coil domain are necessary and sufficient to target and stabilize microtubule minus ends. We demonstrate that the coiled-coil domain mediates multimerization of SPR2 that provides avidity for microtubule binding and is essential for binding to soluble tubulin. While TOG domain-containing proteins are traditionally thought to function as microtubule plus-end regulators, our results reveal that nature has repurposed the TOG domain of SPR2 to regulate microtubule minus ends.
Bacterial Normalized Binary Fission Growth Model
Authors: Baer Alan , Keady John P.
Published: October 2021

Mathematical models have traditionally been used to facilitate the interpretation of bacterial growth curves in order to more accurately understand and identify variations in bacterial proliferation. Here, a binary fission growth model was developed to normalize starting bacterial levels, allowing for the identification of changes in bacterial growth and the separation of a bacterial population as it correlates to size. This normalized binary fission model (NBF) relies on a multi-bin growth mode, where each bin is associated with a size range during a growth cycle. The proposed NBF model allows for a determination of the percentage of treated bacteria eradicated compared to a control sample, either generally across all bacterial binary fission sizes or specific to a size range or bin. Comparisons between the NBF model and experimental observations demonstrates that bacterial growth curves, and the ratio of sample growth to a control, can be used to both determine and normalize initial variations in bacterial size, and quantity, among test samples, as well as identify final nutrient levels and the percentage of bacteria affected by treatment.

Significance Statement

It is difficult to determine the effectiveness of selective bacterial eradication based upon a bacteria’s characteristics size, related to acoustic resonance. Here we develop a binary fission model to analyze effect on growth curves of size depend eradications. Understanding the effect on growth curves provides a method to extract the eradication percentage and initial bacterial level differences between treated sample and control sample, by using the ratio of treated growth curve to control growth curve.
GRASP55 regulates mutant huntingtin unconventional secretion and aggregation
Authors: Ahat Erpan , Bui Sarah , Zhang Jianchao , da Veiga Leprevost Felipe , Sharkey Lisa , Reid Whitney , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. , Paulson Henry L. , Wang Yanzhuang
Published: October 2021

Recent studies demonstrated that the Golgi stacking proteins, GRASPs, especially GRASP55, regulate Golgi-independent unconventional secretion, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we used mutant huntingtin (Htt-Q74) as a model system to address this question. Our results demonstrate that Htt secretion is GRASP55- and autophagy-dependent, and is enhanced under stress conditions such as starvation and ER stress. Mechanistically, GRASP55 facilitates Htt secretion by tethering autophagosomes to lysosomes to promote autophagosome maturation and by stabilizing p23/TMED10, a channel for translocation of cytoplasmic proteins into the ERGIC lumen. Moreover, GRASP55 level is upregulated by various stresses to facilitate unconventional secretion, while inhibition of Htt-Q74 secretion by GRASP55 knockout enhances Htt aggregation and toxicity. Lastly, comprehensive secretomic analysis identified novel cargoes secreted by the same unconventional pathway, such as TAGLN, PAICS and PRDX1. This study provides important information on the role of GRASP55 in unconventional protein secretion and Huntington’s disease progression.
Robust transcriptional indicators of plant immune cell death revealed by spatio-temporal transcriptome analyses
Authors: Salguero-Linares Jose , Serrano Irene , Ruiz-Solani Nerea , Salas-Gómez Marta , Phukan Ujjal Jyoti , González Victor Manuel , Bernardo-Faura Martí , Valls Marc , Rengel David , Coll Nuria S.
Published: October 2021

Recognition of a pathogen by the plant immune system often triggers a form of regulated cell death traditionally known as the hypersensitive response. This type of immune cell death occurs precisely at the site of pathogen recognition, and it is restricted to a few cells. Extensive research has shed light into how plant immune receptors are mechanistically activated. However, a central key question remains largely unresolved: how does cell death zonation take place and what are the mechanisms that underpin this phenomenon? As a consequence,bona fidetranscriptional indicators of immune cell death are lacking, which prevents gaining a deeper insight of its mechanisms before cell death becomes macroscopic and precludes any early or live observation. We addressed this question using the paradigmaticArabidopsis thaliana–Pseudomonas syringaepathosystem, by performing a spatio-temporally resolved gene expression analysis that compared infected cells that will undergo immune cell death upon pathogen recognitionvsby-stander cells that will stay alive and activate immunity. Our data revealed unique and time-dependent differences in the repertoire of differentially expressed genes, expression profiles and biological processes derived from tissue undergoing immune cell death and that of its surroundings. Further, we generated a pipeline based on concatenated pairwise comparisons between time, zone and treatment that enabled us to define 13 robust transcriptional immune cell death markers. Among these genes, the promoter of an uncharacterizedAAA-ATPasehas been used to obtain a fluorescent reporter transgenic line, which displays a strong spatio-temporally resolved signal specifically in cells that will later undergo pathogen-triggered cell death. In sum, this valuable set of genes can be used to define those cells that are destined to die upon infection with immune cell death-triggering bacteria, opening new avenues for specific and/or high-throughput techniques to study immune cell death processes at a single-cell level.
In plantadynamics, transport-biases and endogenous functions of mobile siRNAs inArabidopsis
Authors: Brosnan Christopher A. , Devers Emanuel A. , Sarazin Alexis , Lim Peiqi , Lehesranta Satu , Helariutta Yrjö , Voinnet Olivier
Published: October 2021

In RNA interference (RNAi), small-interfering (si)RNAs processed from double-stranded RNA guide ARGONAUTE(AGO) proteins to silence sequence-complementary RNA/DNA. Plant RNAi can propagate locally and systemically, but despite recent mechanistic advances, basic questions/hurdles remain unaddressed. For instance, RNAi is inferred to diffuse through plasmodesmata, yet how its dynamicsin plantacompares with that of established symplastic-diffusion markers remains unknown. Also unknown is why select siRNA species, or size-classes thereof, are recovered in RNAi-recipient tissues, yet only under some experimental settings. Finally, RNAi shootward movement in micro-grafted Arabidopsis – necessary to study its presumptive transgenerational effects– has not been achieved thus far and endogenous functions of mobile RNAi remain scarcely documented.

Focusing on non-amplified RNAi inArabidopsis, we show here that (i) transgenic RNAi-movement, although symplasmic, only partially recapitulates the diffusion pattern of free GFPin planta, (ii) the presence/absence of specific AGOs in incipient/traversed/recipient tissues likely explains the apparent siRNA-selectivity observed during vascular movement, (iii) stress application allows endo-siRNA translocation against the shoot-to-root phloem flow, and (iv) mobile endo-siRNAs generated from a single inverted-repeat(IR) locus, have the potential to regulate hundreds of transcripts.

Our results close important knowledge-gaps, rationalize previously-noted inconsistencies between mobile RNAi settings, and provide a framework for functional endo-siRNA studies.
Double paternal uniparental isodisomy 7 and 15 presenting with Beckwith–Wiedemann spectrum features
Authors: Berland Siren , Rustad Cecilie F. , Bentsen Mariann H. L. , Wollen Embjørg J. , Turowski Gitta , Johansson Stefan , Houge Gunnar , Haukanes Bjørn I.
Published: October 2021

Here we describe for the first time double paternal uniparental isodisomy (iUPD) 7 and 15 in a baby boy with features in the Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome spectrum (BWSp) (placentomegaly, hyperinsulinism, enlarged viscera, hemangiomas, and earlobe creases) in addition to conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. His phenotype was also reminiscent of genome-wide paternal uniparental isodisomy. We discuss the most likely origin of the UPDs: a maternal double monosomy 7 and 15 rescued by duplication of the paternal chromosomes after fertilization. So far, paternal UPD7 is not associated with an abnormal phenotype, whereas paternal UPD15 causes Angelman syndrome. Methylation analysis for other clinically relevant imprinting disorders, including BWSp, was normal. Therefore, we hypothesized that the double UPD affected other imprinted genes. To look for such effects, patient fibroblast RNA was isolated and analyzed for differential expression compared to six controls. We did not find apparent transcription differences in imprinted genes outside Chromosomes 7 and 15 in patient fibroblast. PEG10 (7q21.3) was the only paternally imprinted gene on these chromosomes up-regulated beyond double-dose expectation (sixfold). We speculate that a high PEG10 level could have a growth-promoting effect as his phenotype was not related to aberrations in BWS locus on 11p15.5 after DNA, RNA, and methylation testing. However, many genes in gene sets associated with growth were up-regulated. This case broadens the phenotypic spectrum of UPDs but does not show evidence of involvement of an imprinted gene network.
Does disclosure of earnings forecasts regulation affect the valuation of IPOs? Evidence from an emerging country
Authors: Ong Chui Zi , Mohd-Rashid Rasidah , Mehmood Waqas , Tajuddin Ahmad Hakimi
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This paper aimed to explore the effect of a regulatory change pertaining to earnings forecasts disclosure from a mandatory to a voluntary regime on the valuation of Malaysian initial public offerings (IPOs).

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed ordinary least square (OLS) regression and quantile regression to analyse the impact of disclosure of earnings forecasts regulation on the valuation of IPOs which comprised 458 IPOs reported for the period 2000–2017 on Bursa Malaysia.

Findings

This paper revealed that the regulatory change in forecasted earnings disclosure from a mandatory to a voluntary regime, effective from 1 February 2008, had a negative impact on the valuation of IPOs. The regime change did not improve the transparency of firms issuing IPOs. In fact, the absence of forecasted earnings information in most IPO prospectuses causedex anteuncertainties to increase. Voluntary disclosure, however, had a significant positive relationship with the valuation of the IPOs issued during the global financial crisis period (2008–2010). Firms concealed their poor qualities by excluding forecasted earnings information from their prospectuses in order to have a fair valuation.

Practical implications

The findings may be used by policymakers as guidance in improving the existing regulation regarding the disclosure of forecasted earnings.

Originality/value

This paper provides new insight on the effect of a regulatory change pertaining to earnings forecasts disclosure from a mandatory to a voluntary regime on the valuation of Malaysian IPOs. It also provides evidence that the regulatory change of earnings forecast disclosure affects the IPOs' values listed during the global financial crisis period.
The technological acquisitions paradox in the beauty industry
Authors: Sedita Silvia Rita , Belussi Fiorenza , Noni Ivan De , Apa Roberta
Published: October 2021

Purpose

We address the following research questions: (1) Is the innovation trajectory of the acquirer affected by previous acquisitions? (2) In which direction knowledge recombination from the acquisition is pushed further? (3) Is the technological acquisition more a means for knowledge exploration and radical innovation or, on the contrary, a way for consolidating previous technological specialization?

Design/methodology/approach

The nature of this study is exploratory; therefore, we opted for an inductive approach based on the L'Oréal case study analysis. Data were triangulated from different sources: (a) the L'Oréal website and press releases collected in the 2009–2015 period; (b) journal articles and books on the global cosmetics industry and the insightful work of Jones (2010); (c) the Questel Orbit database containing data on patents; and (d) the Zephyr – Bureau van Dijk database containing information on the acquisitions of firms.

Findings

Empirical evidence from a patent data analysis reveals a paradoxical path. On the one hand, acquisitions enable the company to explore new technological spaces; on the other hand, they allow it to reinforce a preexisting technological trajectory, even when the knowledge base of the target is distant from that of the acquirer. Thus, in our case study, the absorption and recombination of knowledge from a variety of domains support specialization more than diversification technology strategies.

Originality/value

We add to innovation management literature a new perspective, by offering a detailed analysis, through patent data, of the knowledge recombination process, led by technological acquisitions.
Effects of trend inflation on monetary policy and fiscal policy shocks in Vietnam
Authors: Le Thanh Ha , Finch Nigel
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This paper analyzes variations in the effects of monetary and fiscal shocks on responses of macroeconomic variables, determinacy region, and welfare costs due to changes in trend inflation.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors develop the New-Keynesian model, in which the central banks can employ either nominal interest rate (IR rule) or money supply (MS rule) to conduct monetary policies. They also use their capital and recurrent spending budgets to conduct fiscal policies. By using the simulated method of moment (SMM) for parameter estimation, the authors characterize Vietnam's economy during 1996Q1–2015Q1.

Findings

The results report that consequences of monetary policy and fiscal policy shocks become more serious if there is a rise in trend inflation. Furthermore, the money supply might not be an effective instrument, and using the government budget for recurrent spending produces severe consequences in the high-trend inflation economy.

Practical implications

This paper's findings are critical for economists and monetary and fiscal authorities in effectively designing both the monetary and fiscal policies in confronting the shift in the inflation targets.

Originality/value

This is the first paper that examines the effects of trend inflation on the monetary and fiscal policy implementation in the case of Vietnam.
Does transportation infrastructure impact economic growth in India?
Authors: Nenavath Sreenu
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to show a long run and causal association between economic growth and transport infrastructure.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors use ARDL models through the period 1990 – 2020 to investigate the relationship between transport infrastructure and economic growth in India.

Findings

The infrastructure has a positive impact on economic growth in India for the long run. Moreover, Granger causality test demonstrates a unidirectional relationship between transport infrastructure to economic development. Stimulatingly, the paper highlights the effect of air infrastructure statistically insignificant on economic growth in the long and short-run period.

Originality/value

The original outcome from the study delivers an inclusive depiction of determinants of economic growth from transport infrastructure in India, and these findings will help the policymakers to frame policies to improve the transport infrastructure. Hence, it is proposed that the government of Indian should focus more to upsurge the transport infrastructure for higher economic development.
The Achilles tendon of dynamic pricing –– the effect of consumers' fairness preferences on platform's dynamic pricing strategies
Authors: Wang Yong , Tang Tianze , Zhang Weiyi , Sun Zhen , Xiong Qiaoqin
Published: October 2021

Purpose

In this paper, the authors study the effect of consumers' fairness preferences on dynamic pricing strategies adopted by platforms in a non-cooperative game.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies fair game and repeated game theory.

Findings

This study reveals that, in a one-shot game, if consumers have fairness preferences, dynamic prices will slightly decline. In a repeated game, dynamic prices will be reduced even when consumers do not have fairness preferences. When fairness preferences and repeated game are considered simultaneously, dynamic prices are most likely to be set at fair prices. The authors also discuss the effect of platforms' discounting factors, the consumers' income and alternative choices of consumption on the dynamic prices.

Research limitations/implications

The study findings illustrate the importance of incorporating behavioral elements in understanding and designing the dynamic pricing strategies for platforms and the implications on social welfare in general.

Originality/value

The authors developed a theoretical model to incorporate consumers' fairness preference into the decision-making process of platforms when they design the dynamic pricing strategies.
The differentiated role of organizational ambidexterity and organizational innovation in the subsidiary reverse knowledge transfer process
Authors: Borini Felipe Mendes , Santos Leandro Lima , Raziq Muhammad Mustafa , Pereira Rafael Morais , Brunhara Aldo José
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This paper underscores how organizational ambidexterity and organizational innovation play differentiated roles in the subsidiary reverse knowledge transfers (RKT). The authors argue that both organizational ambidexterity and organizational innovation play a positive but differentiated role in the RKT process in that the former positively influences subsidiary knowledge creation, whereas the latter positively influences subsidiary knowledge transfers.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 289 foreign subsidiaries operating in Brazil. Hypotheses were developed and tested by applying partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results supported the hypotheses and showed that organizational ambidexterity promotes knowledge creation, and that organizational innovation facilitates knowledge transfers.

Research limitations/implications

The paper offers implications with regard to drivers of subsidiary investments and actions of subsidiary managersvis-à-visthe subsidiary objectives of knowledge creation and/or transfers.

Originality/value

Showing the different roles of organizational ambidexterity and organizational innovation, this paper reveals some underlying mechanisms of the RKT process and contributes by explaining the competitive heterogeneity of subsidiaries, with impacts on subsidiary management’s evolutionary and resource dependence perspective.
The myth of a direct relationship between organizational culture and TQM: propositions and challenges for research
Authors: Haffar Mohamed , Al-Hyari Khalil Ahmad , Djebarni Ramdane , Al-Shamali Ahmed , Abdul Aziz Muhammad , Al-Shamali Sarah
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to report the results of a comprehensive literature review concerned with exploring the distinctive roles of the underlying multidimensional psychological mechanisms through which organizational culture (OC) affects TQM.

Design/methodology/approach

A thorough review of the relevant existing studies focusing on the direct and indirect links between OC, employee readiness for change (ERFC), employee commitment to change (ECC) and TQM implementation was conducted. To identify studies to include in the review, electronic searches of prominent databases and journals were carried out for the period 1980 to 2020.

Findings

The thorough analysis of relevant studies indicates that various types of OC influence TQM through certain psychological mechanisms namely ERFC dimensions and employee affective commitment to change. As a consequence, the paper develops a set of propositions and a novel integrative conceptual framework to explain the mediating roles of ERFCs and EACC in the OC–TQM relationship and then concludes by suggesting future lines of research and highlighting practical managerial implications.

Originality/value

Drawing on academic perspectives from multiple literature streams, this study offers a more advanced understanding of the relationship between OC and TQM implementation via exploring multiple mediating paths.
Performance evaluation of graphene added nanofluids and self-lubricating tools in machining Inconel 718
Authors: Maddamasetty Amrita , Bodduru Kamesh , Bevara Siva , Revuru Rukmini Srikant , Kumar Sanjay
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Inconel 718 is difficult to machine due to its high toughness and study hardenability. Though the use of cutting fluids alleviates the problem, it is not sustainable. So, supply of a small quantity of specialized coolant to the machining zone or use of a solid lubricant is a possible solution. The purpose of the present work is to improve machinability of Inconel718 using graphene nanoplatelets.

Design/methodology/approach

In the present study, graphene is used in the machining of Inconel 718 alloy. Graphene is applied in the following two forms: as a solid lubricant and as an inclusion in cutting fluid. Graphene-based self-lubricating tool and graphene added nanofluids are prepared and applied to turning of Inconel 718 at varying cutting velocities. Performances are compared by measuring cutting forces, cutting temperature, tool wear and surface roughness.

Findings

Graphene, in both forms, showed superior performance compared to dry machining. In total, 0.3 Wt.% graphene added nanofluids showed the lowest cutting tool temperature and flank wear with 44.95% and 83.37% decrease, respectively, compared to dry machining and lowest surface roughness, 0.424 times compared to dry machining at 87 m/min.

Originality/value

Graphene could improve the machinability of Inconel 718 when used in tools as a solid lubricant and also when used as a dispersant in cutting fluid. Graphene used as a dispersant in cutting fluid is found to be more effective.
Influence of glass powder incorporation on the physical-mechanical properties of sand concrete
Authors: Ammari Mohammed Seghir , Tobchi Mohammed Bachir , Amrani Yahia , Mim Anouer , Bederina Madani , Ferhat Ahmida
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study is part of the valorization of local materials and the reuse of industrial waste in construction. This study aims to improve the physical-mechanical properties of sand concrete. This work is a continuation of previous studies conducted on sand concrete, the purpose of which is to introduce industrial waste into this material. For this purpose, a glass waste in powder form is added.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is focused on the effect of adding glass powder (GP) whose mass percentage varies from 0 to 40% with an interval of 10% to target the right composition that ensures the best compromise between the characteristics studied.

Findings

The results found show that the workability and density of the studied concretes decreased with increasing GP dosage. Indeed, the optimal addition which constitutes the best compromise between the studied properties is 10% of GP. Improvements of up to about 9% in the case of flexural strength and about 18% in the case of compressive strength. The thermal conductivity has been reduced by 12.74%, the thermal diffusivity which characterizes the notion of thermal inertia has been reduced by about 4% and the specific heat mass has been reduced by 7.80%. Also, the shrinkage has been reduced by about 20%. The microstructure of the studied composite shows a good homogeneity between the aggregates. Finally, the addition of GP to sand concrete gives very encouraging results.

Originality/value

The interest of this study is in two parts. The first one is the exploitation of local materials: dune sand, river sand and limestone filler to meet the growing demand for construction materials. And the second one is the reuse of glass waste, in the form of powder (GP), to solve the environmental problem. All this participates in the improvement of the physical-mechanical properties of sand concrete and the extent of its response to the development of an economical structural concrete.
‘I Have Been a Collector of Costumes’: Women, Dress Histories and the Temporalities of Eighteenth‐Century Fashion
Authors: DYER SERENA
Published: October 2021

By the early nineteenth century, the ‘costume book’ genre was well established as a catalogue of national habits. These chronologically, socially and geographically devised sartorial indexes to the world strove to use dress as a means of categorising and delineating humankind. Such publications espouse a sense of neat chronological evolution, situated within a framework of masculine progress. While the majority of published costume books from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries were authored by men, this article explores the myriad ways in which women too constructed, subverted and engaged in sartorial histories. Published dress histories attempted to use dress as a means of constructing a coherent chronological narrative of a national heritage. Yet amateur women, such as Catherine Hutton, Mary White and Laetitia Powell, used pens, scissors, paste and needles to reach back through that time‐tunnel, borrowing from and taking possession of the sartorial past.
Fatal suicidal injury of a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Simon Gábor , Heckmann Veronika
Published: October 2021

A 59‐year‐old man was found dead in his living room. His body was covered with blood, but the only injury found was a 31‐mm‐long, transverse incision on the radial surface of the left forearm. Autopsy revealed that the injured vessel was an enlarged cephalic vein from a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RC‐AVF) that had been created 23 years before for hemodialysis. Cephalic vein injury is usually not fatal, but circumstantial evidence, autopsy, and histological findings suggested that hemorrhagic shock and death occurred within a short time after the self‐inflicted incised wound. This may be explained by the blood flow rate in the RC‐AVF, which can reach 12 ml/s; this is 25 times higher than the normal cephalic vein blood flow.
Forensic examination and application of areca nuts as material evidence
Authors: Yan Weitao , Yu Yang , Wang Yuxin , Yang Shu , Li Xi , Lu Shuang , Zha Lagabaiyila , Cai Jifeng
Published: October 2021

In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility of DNA analysis of areca nut as material evidence and the value of short tandem repeat (STR) typing of areca nut as material evidence under the condition of simulating external environment. In this study, water soaking, soil burial, sun exposure, and wet environment were used to treat areca nut residues. Chelex 100 was used to extract DNA, the PowerPlex21 kit to amplify, and the ABI PRISM®310 Genetic Analyzer to analyze the DNA of areca nut residues. DNA and STR typing were performed to analyze the residue after chewing. The results showed that the number of residual sites decreased with time under the conditions of water soaking, soil burial, sun exposure, and wet environment. Thus, areca nut can be used as forensic material evidence for DNA analysis and individual identification.
Evaluation of wound healing in patients with hip prosthesis according to nursing outcome classification
Authors: Seyhan Ak Ezgi , Kilinc Akman Esra , Gencbas Dercan
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to perform Turkish adaptation and validation of NOC (1102) Wound Healing: Primary Intent and examine wound healing in patients with hip prosthesis diagnosed with impaired tissue integrity.

Method

The study was carried out in methodological and descriptive design, and the sample of the study consisted of 55 patients. Introductory Characteristics Form and Wound Healing: Primary Intention NOC Form were used for data collection. Ethical consent was obtained before initiating the study.

Findings

In the study, content validity index value of the NOC scale was calculated was 95.71%. Looking at NOC scale indicators for postoperative day 1, 2, and 7 and the distribution of the total mean scores, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores over time (p = 0.000). It was found that patients with chronic disease had lower NOC scale scores and wound healing was slower on the postoperative first day compared to the patients with no chronic diseases (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

As a result of the study, it was concluded that the Turkish version of the Wound Healing: Primary Intention NOC (1102) scale was a valid tool for evaluating the location of the wound in patients with hip prosthesis, the presence of chronic diseases affected wound healing, and mean scores obtained by the patients in NOC scale increased over time with a good progress in terms of wound healing.

Implications of Nursing Practice

With the use of Wound Healing: Primary Intention NOC (1102) scale, a common language will be formed in the evaluation of the wound site of patients undergoing hip prosthesis.
Sunflower fruit hullability and structure as affected by genotype, environment and canopy shading
Authors: Lindström Lilia Ivone , Franchini María Clara , Nolasco Susana María
Published: October 2021

Removal of the hull (pericarp) in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) reduces fibre and increases protein in seed meals. Thus, high hullability (H), the ease with which the pericarp is mechanically separated from the seed (kernel) is desirable. This study assessed how different hybrids, field environments and canopy shading modified fruit H, and how that was related to morphology, anatomical structure and chemical composition of pericarps in three high oil‐producing hybrids that share a common female parent (Monsanto®, Argentina): Contiflor 9 (Zeneca S.A.), Dekalb Dekasol (DK) 3900 and DK4030. DK4030 had higher H than Contiflor 9 and DK3900. This was mainly associated with a lower frequency of parenchyma radii, which was stable across environments (locality‐year) and among shading treatments. This showed that parenchyma radii were genetically determined and promising for breeding. Fruit volume was positively correlated with H only when the fruits had similar densities and the pericarps with comparable anatomical structures. Preanthesis shading reduced fruit volume, increased slightly the number of sclerified layers and cell wall thickness of the pericarp, but did not affect H. Postanthesis shading reduced the thickness and the amount of material deposited in the cell walls of the pericarp and, consequently, fruit H. In the shading experiments, H was positively correlated with fruit hull content and the number of sclerified cell layer and the thickness of the cell walls of the pericarp. The wide range of fruit variables analysed in the present study identified critical fruit traits that determine differences in fruit H in high oil‐producing hybrids, and how they are modified by the growing environment.
Deportees in Transit Between Ecuador and the US: A Historical and Ethnographic Approach to Migrant Disobedience and its Spatial Impacts
Authors: Álvarez Velasco Soledad
Published: October 2021

By focusing on the Ecuador−US postcolonial and transnational space and reconstructing trajectories of Ecuadoreans who migrated to the US, were deported and recommenced their undocumented transits to that same destination, this article analyses the migrant disobedience and its spatial impacts. The article proves how deportees in transits are not docile figures: their unruly mobilities re‐actualise historical disobedience against insurmountable colonial legacy that has produced indigenous people as second‐class racialised citizens confined to super‐exploitation and hyper‐precarity. Their migrant disobedience is thus twofold: against that historical legacy and current border regime. It also proves that the Ecuador−US postcolonial and transnational space configuration is incomprehensible without considering the US policy of interventionism across the Americas, including Ecuador, and the unequal geo‐political and geo‐economic relations between the two countries. Deportees’ unruly mobilities unsettle premises of territorial membership based upon nationalist premises while transforming Ecuador into a place of transit disputed by the country’s nationals.
Shared burden is always lighter – Peer‐review performance in an ophthalmological journal 2010–2020
Authors: Bro Tomas , Hammarfelt Björn
Published: October 2021

Purpose

There are concerns in the academic publishing community that it is becoming more difficult to secure reviews for scientific manuscripts. This study examines trends in editorial and peer review processes in an ophthalmological journal over the last decade.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed of editorial data from the journal Acta Ophthalmologica containing all manuscript submissions between 2010 and 2020.

Results

The number of yearly submissions grew between 2010 and 2019 from 1014 to 1623, and in 2020, the number of submissions increased to 2449. In total, the number of submissions increased by 142% between 2010 and 2020. Similarly, the proportion of desk‐rejected manuscripts increased from 48% to 67% during the period 2010–2020. The number of invitations needed to obtain one review showed an increase from 1.9 to 2.6 between 2010 and 2019, but remained stable between 2019 and 2020. However, the number of reviewers per reviewed manuscript, reviewed manuscripts per reviewer and time from invitation to completed review assignment remained almost constant between 2010 and 2020. Researchers based in North American were disproportionally often invited to review (18%) compared to their share of published articles (7%), and they also declined review invitation more frequently compared to scholars in other parts of the world.

Conclusions

The study revealed an increase in submitted manuscripts to an ophthalmological journal over the last decade, with a further increase during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The number of reviewer invitations needed to obtain one review grew during the study period but remained constant between 2019 and 2020, despite a vast increase in submitted manuscripts. Hence, the burden for unique reviewers did not increase. Instead, the proportion of desk‐rejected manuscripts grew, and the reviewer pool expanded, which allowed the annual average number of reviews by individual reviewers to remain stable.
Connectedness and well‐being in simulated nature
Authors: Pasca Laura , Carrus Giuseppe , Loureiro Ana , Navarro Óscar , Panno Angelo , Tapia Follen César , Aragonés Juan Ignacio
Published: October 2021

People relate to nature physically, cognitively and emotionally, and this relationship fosters their well‐being. There are several types of environments that vary according to their degree of naturalness, raising the question of whether they each exert different effects on people, connectedness and well‐being. In order to study the extent to which environmental connectedness and well‐being are a function of viewing different types of nature, we conducted a study with 454 participants from five different countries, who viewed images on a computer screen of one of three types of environment (totally natural, quasi‐natural or non‐natural) and responded to a series of associated items. The results of a mediation analysis showed an indirect effect of type of environment on well‐being through positive and negative affect and connectedness to nature. The corresponding ANOVAs revealed differences in the connectedness and well‐being elicited by different types of environment, and in preference: totally natural and quasi‐natural environments (with no differences between them) showed differences with non‐natural environments. Therefore, our study results suggest the usefulness of images of natural environments in fostering people's well‐being and connectedness to nature.
One hundred years since insulin discovery: An update on current and future perspectives for pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Seetharaman Rajmohan , Pawar Sudhir , Advani Manjari
Published: October 2021

Diabetes mellitus was considered a fatal malady until the discovery, extraction and commercial availability of insulins. Numerous other classes of drugs ranging from sulfonylureas to sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors were then marketed. However, with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus increasing every year, many more drugs and therapies are under investigation. This review article aimed to summarize the significant developments in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus and outline the progress made by the recent advances, 100 years since insulins were first extracted successfully. Insulin analogues and insulin delivery pumps have further improved glycaemic control in diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular and renal outcome trials have changed the landscape of diabetology, with some of these drugs also efficacious in nondiabetics. Newer drug delivery systems are being evaluated to improve the efficacy and reduce the dosing frequency and adverse effects of antidiabetics. Some newer drugs with novel mechanisms of action targeting type 1 and type 2 diabetes have also shown promise in recent clinical trials. These drugs include dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide 1‐agonists, glucokinase activators, anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies and glimins. Their efficacy needs to be evaluated in larger studies.
Trade in tasks: Revisiting the wage and employment effects of offshoring
Authors: Kohler Wilhelm , Wrona Jens
Published: October 2021

We examine conditions under which offshoring of labour tasks raises domestic wages and employment. Existing literature emphasizes that absorption of job displacement through intersectoral reallocation of factors is a key requirement for this outcome, mostly assuming full employment. We develop a model featuring a less benign environment that rules out such reallocation and allows for equilibrium unemployment due to costly search and matching. Assuming offshoring of both high‐skilled and low‐skilled labour tasks, we derive conditions under which offshoring benefits all workers in terms of both, wages and employment.
Conceptual Knowledge, Procedural Knowledge, and Metacognition in Routine and Nonroutine Problem Solving
Authors: Braithwaite David W. , Sprague Lauren
Published: October 2021

When, how, and why students use conceptual knowledge during math problem solving is not well understood. We propose that when solving routine problems, students are more likely to recruit conceptual knowledge if their procedural knowledge is weak than if it is strong, and that in this context, metacognitive processes, specifically feelings of doubt, mediate interactions between procedural and conceptual knowledge. To test these hypotheses, in two studies (Ns = 64 and 138), university students solved fraction and decimal arithmetic problems while thinking aloud; verbal protocols and written work were coded for overt uses of conceptual knowledge and displays of doubt. Consistent with the hypotheses, use of conceptual knowledge during calculation was not significantly positively associated with accuracy, but was positively associated with displays of doubt, which were negatively associated with accuracy. In Study 1, participants also explained solutions to rational arithmetic problems; using conceptual knowledge in this context was positively correlated with calculation accuracy, but only among participants who did not use conceptual knowledge during calculation, suggesting that the correlation did not reflect “online” effects of using conceptual knowledge. In Study 2, participants also completed a nonroutine problem‐solving task; displays of doubt on this task were positively associated with accuracy, suggesting that metacognitive processes play different roles when solving routine and nonroutine problems. We discuss implications of the results regarding interactions between procedural knowledge, conceptual knowledge, and metacognitive processes in math problem solving.