bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anglo‐American Postmodernity: A Response to Clayton and Robbins
Authors: Murphy Nancey
Published: March 2003

In Anglo‐American Postmodernity I call attention to recent intellectual shifts in epistemology (from foundationalism to holism), philosophy of language (from reference to use), and metaphysics (from reductionism to nonreductionism), and pursue the consequences of these changes for science, theology, and ethics. Wesley Robbins criticizes the book for making overly optimistic claims for the intellectual status of theology; Philip Clayton criticizes it for giving up the quest for general standards of rational progress. Both criticisms miss the mark in not taking on the account of rationality that I have developed from resources in the work of Alasdair MacIntyre.
Sociobiology and Moral Discourse
Authors: Rue Loyal
Published: March 2003

In the intellectual lineage of sociobiology (understood as evolutionary social science), this article considers the place of moral discourse in the evolution of emergent systems for mediating behavior. Given that humans share molecular systems, reflex systems, drive systems, emotional systems, and cognitive systems with chimpanzees, why is it that human behavior is so radically different from chimpanzee behavior? The answer is that, unlike chimps, humans possess symbolic systems, empowering them to override chimplike default morality in favor of symbolically mediated moral codes. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the power of religious symbols to influence moral behavior by reprogramming emotional systems.
Symbioses Can Transcend Particularisms: A Memoir of Friendship with Ralph Wendell Burhoe
Authors: Glassman Robert B.
Published: March 2003

Ralph Burho's paradigmatic scientific innovation is the extension of the concept of symbiosis to coadapted human genotypes and “culturetypes,” centered on religion. Civilization also requires a coexistent secular arena, where religion's nearness may help prevent our natural synergistic instrumentalizations of each other from degrading to losses of respect for one another as responsible free agents. The mixed messages in the Bible's diverse stories help to preserve a richness of choices in memory as we navigate history. We science‐and‐religion theorists should expand our cademic base to include economics, politics, literature, and other areas, while emulating Ralph's wise and good‐humored ways of drawing us together and affecting our lives.
The Challenge of Global Ethics: Learning and Organizing
Authors: Lesher William E.
Published: March 2003

This is a response from the point of view of religion to three articles—by Ewert Cousins, David Loye, and Solomon H. Katz—that together call for a decisive new moral grounding for the human race. This commentary calls on science, as the dominant power in society today, to initiate a new partnership with religion. It goes on to advocate for an urgent mutual‐learning endeavor in which science and religion will derive needed information and understanding from each other. The commentary finds a common thread in the three articles—that religion informed by science is the principal force capable of stimulating a global moral transformation—and ends by proposing a series of concrete action steps.
The Evolution of Consciousness and the Theology of Nature
Authors: Peterson Gregory R.
Published: March 2003

Theology and philosophy have traditionally assumed a radical split between human beings and the rest of creation. Philosophically, the split is usually justified in terms of a locus humanus, some one cognitive trait that human beings possess and nonhuman animals do not. Theologically, this trait is usually identified as that which makes us in the image of God. Research in animal cognition, however, suggests that we are not unique in as many respects as we think we are. This suggests that we rethink the idea of the image of God. In light of this, I propose that we think of nature itself as being in the image of God, with humankind as part of the broader natural and theological process.
DNA Fingerprinting and the Offertory Prayer: A Sermon
Authors: Beckmann Kim L.
Published: March 2003

This Christian sermon uses a DNA lab experience as a basis for theological reflection on ourselves and our offering. Who are we to God? What determines the self that we offer? Can the alphabet of DNA shed light for us on the Word of God in our lives? This first attempt to introduce the language and laboratory environment of genetic testing (represented by DNA fingerprinting) within a parish preaching context juxtaposes liturgical, scientific, and biblical language and settings for fresh insights.
Is Biosphere Doing Theology?
Authors: Galleni Ludovico
Published: March 2003

Three theories about evolution are presently under discussion: the genocentric theory, the organismocentric theory, and the biospherocentric theory. A brief discussion of the three theories is presented. These theories have different implications for theology. The genocentric theory is related to the Darwinian interpretation and, for theology, means the end of an apologetic vision of natural science and for this reason the end of natural theology. The organismo‐centric theory is mainly related to events of autoorganization and follows the path of the geometrical harmony of nature. But it is far different from the apologetic interpretation of natural theology which cannot be restored. The biospherocentric theory, on the contrary, contains many fruitful perspectives. This theory, which counts Teilhard de Chardin among its founders, allows the development of a new approach to the theology of nature. In this approach, it is actually the biosphere herself that is doing theology thanks to her thinking sphere: the noosphere.
The Cyborg as an Interpretation of Culture‐Nature
Authors: Kull Anne
Published: March 2003

The idea of “nature” performs an important cultural work. The cyborg‐nature is an attempt to free ourselves from the features of the culturally authorized concepts of nature. The cyborg offers new metaphors to both academic and popular theorizing for comprehending the different ways that sciences and technologies affect our lives, subjectivities, and concepts. The cyborg is a lived reality and a metaphor. Paul Tillich deemed it necessary to have a mythos of technology to explain our technologies and ourselves. He offered “The Technical City” as a symbol for his age. Donna Haraway's cy‐borg‐figure could function as a symbol to interpret our time and technologies and ourselves.
The Truth, Goodness, and Beauty of Darwinism
Authors: Arnhart Larry
Published: March 2003

As a young proponent of “creation science,” I rejected Darwinian biology as false, bad, and ugly. Now I defend Darwinism as true, good, and beautiful. Moreover, I now see Darwinism as compatible with the natural piety that arises as one moves from nature to nature's God.
Reaction to Mortality: An Interdisciplinary Organizing Principle for the Human Sciences
Authors: Liechty Daniel
Published: March 2003

Ernest Becker's theory about death denial is one example of depth psychological theory. Because very important features of Becker's theory have now successfully and singularly met the rigorous empirical testing of Terror Management Theory (TMT), it must be concluded that the theory of death denial stands apart from and above alternative depth psychological theories in explaining human behavioral and attitudinal motivation. Nevertheless, TMT only touches the surface of Becker's theory in the round. This essay looks at how Becker's wider theories of death denial are applied to (1) personal psychological, (2) social psychological, (3) political, and (4) spiritual aspects of human experience and suggests that what Becker has given us is an organizing principle, a theory of considerable integrative, explanatory, and interpretive power, for a broadly interdisciplinary social science of human behavior.
Ernest Becker and the Psychology of Worldviews
Authors: Webb Eugene
Published: March 2003

Sheldon Solomon, Jeff Greenberg, and Tom Pyszczynski offer experimental confirmation for Ernest Becker's claim that the fear of death is a powerful unconscious motive producing polarized worldviews and scapegoating. Their suggestion that their findings also prove Sigmund Freud's theory of repression, with worldviews as its irrational products, is questionable, although Becker's own statements about worldviews as “illusions” seem to invite such interpretation. Their basic theory does not depend on this, however, and abandoning it would enable them to take better advantage of their finding that worldviews incorporating the values of rationality and tolerance tend to counteract polarization effects.
Religion and Science in America: Populism versus Elitism
Authors: Busse Richard
Published: March 2003

Historian James Gilbert argues that the dialogue between science and religion is an important dynamic in the creation of contemporary American culture. He traces the dialogue not only in the confines of the academic world but also in popular culture. The science‐religion dialogue reveals a basic tension between the material and the spiritual that helps define the core of the American psyche: fascination with material progress yet commitment to traditional religious beliefs. Gilbert's cultural narrative traces the dialogue in a unique way because of the attention given to popular renditions of science and religion in evangelical films used by the military, in televised science programs, in science‐fiction literature, and at the Seattle World's Fair in 1962. Gilbert suggests that the discussion between science and religion is significant because it is part of the process of creating new cultural structures necessitated by social, scientific, and technological developments. The tensions between religiously informed commonsense science and professional science work to create new cultural forms in a democratic society. Religion and science in dialogue are part of the process of cultural creation. Dogmatism on the part of either scientists or religionists is countered by the democratic process itself.
The Heritage of Ralph Wendell Burhoe for the Dialogue between Science and Theology: A German Perspective
Authors: Meisinger Hubert
Published: March 2003

This paper begins with some reflections on my personal experiences with Ralph Wendell Burhoe during visits to the Chicago Center for Religion and Science. I learned to know Burhoe as an interested and kind person with enormous intellectual power. In this paper I argue that integration of different concepts was the chief focus of his thinking, expressing both an ethical and a dogmatic concern. If his theory of altruism contributes to the scientific investigations into the problem of trans‐kin altruism, then his vision of a scientific theology gains credibility. Such an integration is made plausible through the interpretation of altruism in light of Christian love. In fact, Burhoe's neonaturalistic approach may be a fertile resource for the dialogue between science and theology in Germany, and serve as an exemplar of Burhoe's important impact on this dialogue in general.
Wolfhart Pannenberg's Engagement with the Natural Sciences
Authors: Polkinghorne John
Published: March 2003

Wolfhart Pannenberg's engagement with the natural sciences is surveyed. A critique is given of his treatment of these themes: the concept of a field; contingency; the role of the future.
The Correspondence between Human Intelligibility and Physical Intelligibility: The View of Jean Ladrière
Authors: Lee Kam‐lun Edwin
Published: March 2003

This article seeks to explain the correspondence between human intelligibility and that of the physical world by synthesizing the contributions of Jean Ladrière. Ladrière shows that the objectification function of formal symbolism in mathematics as an artificial language has operative power acquired through algorithm to represent physical reality. In physical theories, mathematics relates to observations through theoretic and empirical languages mutually interacting in a methodological circle, and nonmathematical anticipatory intention guides mathematical algorithmic exploration. Ladrière reasons that mathematics can make the physical world comprehensible because of the presence of a rational principle in both kinds of intelligibility.
Gödel Meets Carnap: A Prototypical Discourse on Science and Religion
Authors: Gierer Alfred
Published: March 2003

Modern science, based on the laws of physics, claims validity for all events in space and time. However, it also reveals its own limitations, such as the indeterminacy of quantum physics, the limits of decidability, and, presumably, limits of decodability of the mind‐brain relationship. At the philosophical level, these intrinsic limitations allow for different interpretations of the relation between human cognition and the natural order. In particular, modern science may be logically consistent with religious as well as agnostic views of humans and the universe. These points are exemplified through the transcript of a discussion between Kurt Gödel and Rudolf Carnap that took place in 1940. Gödel, discoverer of mathematical undecidability, took a proreligious view; Carnap, one of the founders of analytical philosophy, an antireligious view. By the time of the discussion, Carnap had liberalized his ideas on theoretical concepts of science: he believed that observational terms do not suffice for an exhaustive definition of theoretical concepts. Then, responded Gödel, one should formulate a theory or metatheory that is consistent with scientific rationality, yet also encompasses theology. Carnap considered such theories unproductive. The controversy remained unresolved, but its emphasis shifted from rationality to wisdom, not only in the Gödel‐Carnap discussion but also in our time.
Psychological and Religious Perspectives on Emotion
Authors: Watts Fraser N.
Published: March 2003

This article is devoted to examining theoretical issues on the interface of the psychology of religion and the psychology of emotion, something which recently has been surprisingly neglected. The broad range of psychological components involved in emotion, and the importance of emotional processes in religion, make it a particularly relevant area of general psychology as far as religion is concerned. The first issue to be examined is the centrality of emotion (or feeling) in religion and the extent to which religion can be conceptualized as a kind of emotional state—an idea that can be found in different forms in Schleiermacher and James. Though both psychology and emotion are now seen as less private than previously supposed, the analogy remains potentially fruitful. The second issue arises from the notable tendency in the psychology of emotion to see emotion as functional, even rational, rather than disruptive. The view of Averill is endorsed that emotions can be psychologically creative when used appropriately. This leads to a review of attitudes toward emotional aspects of religion and religious attitudes to everyday emotions, where a positive but discriminating approach to emotions seems appropriate.
Endogamy as a Basis for Ethnic Behavior
Authors: Whitmeyer Joseph M.
Published: March 2003

In this article I argue for endogamy as a fundamental cause of human behavior that is often classified as ethnic. Specifically, I show that it would make evolutionary sense for people to help possible co-progenitors of their descendants. This suggests that in many situations people will help preferentially the minimal endogamous set of people to which they belong. Such help mostly will be restricted to providing benefits that are nearly “non-rival”—benefits that group members can “consume” without making others consume less. This (partial) explanation of pro-ethny behavior reconciles key points from various approaches to ethnicity and agrees with many empirical observations, such as the link between endogamy and ethnicity and the variability of criteria for ethnicity. This explanation yields predictions and explanations in a number of problematic areas; for example, it suggests that expansion of the marriage pool, often occurring as a result of urbanization, is a crucial factor in the transformation of local identities into nationalism.
Coming and Going: On the State Monopolization of the Legitimate “Means of Movement”
Authors: Torpey John
Published: March 2003

Following the imagery of “expropriation” used by Marx to describe the process of capitalist development and by Weber to characterize states'monopolization of the legitimate use of violence, I argue that modern states have also “expropriated the legitimate means of movement” and monopolized the authority to determine who may circulate within and cross their borders. Against this background, we should reconsider the metaphor of “penetration” typically used to discuss the enhanced capacity of modern states relative to their predecessors, and instead think of states as “embracing” populations, identifying persons unambiguously in order to control their movements and to distinguish members from nonmembers.

The vagabond is by definition a suspect.

—Daniel Nordman (1987)
Comparing Varieties of Agency Theory in Economics, Political Science, and Sociology: An Illustration from State Policy Implementation
Authors: Kiser Edgar
Published: March 2003

As rational choice theory has moved from economics into political science and sociology, it has been dramatically transformed. The intellectual diffusion of agency theory illustrates this process. Agency theory is a general model of social relations involving the delegation of authority, and generally resulting in problems of control, which has been applied to a broad range of substantive contexts. This paper analyzes applications of agency theory to state policy implementation in economics, political science, and sociology. After documenting variations in the theory across disciplinary contexts, the strengths and weaknesses of these different varieties of agency theory are assessed. Sociological versions of agency theory, incorporating both broader microfoundations and richer models of social structure, are in many respects the most promising. This type of agency theory illustrates the potential of an emerging sociological version of rational choice theory.
Micro Foundations of Religion: A Revised Theory
Authors: Stark Rodney
Published: March 2003

In a major revision of my earlier theoretical work on religion, I attempt to identify and connect the basic micro elements and processes underlying religious expression. I show that all primary aspects of religion—belief, emotion, ritual, prayer, sacrifice, mysticism, and miracle—can be understood on the basis of exchange relations between humans and supernatural beings. Although I utilize a cognitive definition of religion, this new version of the theory is especially concerned with the emotional and expressive aspects of religion. Along the way I also clarify the difference between religion and magic and this sets the stage for explaining the conditions under which religion (but not magic) can require extended and exclusive exchange relations between humans and the gods, thus enabling some religions to sustain stable organizations based on a lay membership.
“Race” as an Interaction Order Phenomenon: W.E.B. Du Bois's “Double Consciousness” Thesis Revisited
Authors: Rawls Anne Warfield
Published: March 2003

This article reports on a study of interaction between Americans who self-identify as Black and White that reveals underlying expectations with regard to conversation that differ between the two groups. These differences seem not to have much to do with class or gender, but rather vary largely according to self-identification by “race.” The argument of this paper will be that the social phenomena of “race” are constructed at the level of interaction whenever Americans self-identified as Black and White speak to one another. This is because the Interaction Order expectations with regard to both self and community vary between the two groups. Because the “language games” and conversational “preferences” practiced by the two groups are responsive to different Interaction Orders, the “working consensus” is substantially different, and as a consequence, conversational “moves” are not recognizably the same. It will be argued that a great deal of institutional discrimination against African Americans can be traced to this source.
The Technical Substrates of Unconscious Memory: Rereading Derrida's Freud in the Age of Teletechnology
Authors: Clough Patricia Ticineto
Published: March 2003

In a rereading of Jacques Derrida's writings on Freud, I trace the connections between his treatment of differance and his treatment of technology and unconscious memory. I focus on the challenge which Derrida's writings pose for a certain idea of history, including the history of technological development, and I locate that challenge in Derrida's deconstruction of the opposition of nature and technology, the human and the machine, the virtual and the real, the living and the inert. In proposing that these opposed elements are better thought of as deferrals of each other and that, therefore, neither of the opposed elements can be ontologically privileged, Derrida's writings offer a shift in ontological perspective befitting the age of teletechnology. In all this, Derrida's writings show that Freud's treatment of unconscious memory is still relevant, even while Derrida's writings offer a thought of unconscious memory that goes beyond Freud's, that is to say, goes beyond thought of the unconscious when it is conceived narrowly as a possession of the individual subject. Rather than referring unconscious memory to the individual subject, Derrida returns unconscious memory to thought and its technical substrates. It is in doing so that Derrida's writings propose an ontological shift.
Honor, Status, and Aggression in Economic Exchange
Authors: Baxter Vern , Margavio A. V.
Published: March 2003

The concept of honor links reputation and self-esteem with interaction in social groups and provides a promising way to approach questions about the release of aggression in economic exchange. While the internalization of conventional honor codes offers the hope of peaceful, if not just, exchange, competing codes of honor coexist within various aspects of the self and among members of various status groups. When a person's sense of individual or group honor is repeatedly violated in economic interaction, the reaction may include the release of aggression to repair damaged honor and establish self-respect. The narrative proceeds with an exploration of the concept of honor followed by a brief review of the association of honor with rational action in pursuit of economic success. The problematic inscription on the self of conventional codes of honor is then discussed. A brief discussion of staged role performance and the display of alternative codes of honor in workplace interaction and in extralegal market exchange illustrates the argument. A final section considers alternative approaches to the problem of self-control as social control.
How I Became a Theorist
Authors: Jasso Guillermina
Published: March 2003

This essay tells the story of how the author became a theorist. It describes the central event—how one afternoon in the summer of 1976 the justice evaluation function jumped out of a regression equation—together with earlier theoretical influences and the new theoretical work it set in motion.
Parameterize!: Notes on Mathematical Modeling for Sociology
Authors: White Harrison C.
Published: March 2003

Radius is parameter to circles. Mathematical modeling contributes best to sociological theory through parameterizing. Parameters form a seam linking quantitative and qualitative panels of theory. All social construction comes through feedback, and modeling its outcomes requires use of parameters.
Welfare Recipients or Workers? Contesting the Workfare State in New York City
Authors: Goldberg Chad Alan
Published: March 2003

This paper addresses how New York City's workfare program has structured opportunities for collective action by welfare recipients. As workfare blurs the distinction between wage workers and welfare recipients, it calls into question accepted understandings of the rights and obligations of welfare recipients and fosters new claims on the state. The concept of “cultural opportunity structures” can help to explain the political mobilization of workfare participants if it is linked to a Durkheimian tradition of cultural analysis attentive to symbolic classification. The dramaturgic approach to culture exemplified in the work of Erving Goffman can usefully complement this structural approach if a narrow focus on frames and framing processes is broadened to include interaction rituals and ceremonial profanation.
Instance–Based Learning for Highway Accident Frequency Prediction
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Yang Junming
Published: March 2003

Accurate predictions of highway accident frequency may help traffic engineers design and test solutions for the improvement of highway safety. However, accident frequency prediction is by no means an easy task due to the large number of factors affecting accident occurrence and the complicated interactions among them. Many studies have been conducted to uncover the relationship between the roadway environment and corresponding accident frequencies. These studies used statistical approaches such as linear regression analysis. The actual relationship between the roadway environment and corresponding accident frequencies has not been approximated with an acceptable certainty because it usually coincided with the mathematical models assumed by the researchers. This paper describes an application of a machine learning method, instance–based learning (IBL), to highway accident frequency predictions. We developed an IBL system and applied this system to highway accident frequency predictions. The data set used contains accident data from the main Utah highways for a 5–year period (1988–1992). Experimental results show that the IBL method is applicable to highway accident predictions and compared favorably with linear regression analysis and neural networks.
Twenty Years of the NCREIF Property Index
Authors: Pagliari Joseph L. , Lieblich Frederich , Schaner Mark , Webb James R.
Published: March 2003

This study overviews the performance of the NCREIF Property Index, by property type, over the twenty‐year period ended in 1998. More exactly, performance is analyzed from the perspective of the fundamental sources of return: initial earnings yield, dividend payout ratios, earnings growth, shifts in capitalization rates and other (less significant) effects. (While this approach is here applied to private real estate equities, nothing precludes its application to a variety of other investment classes.) Our results indicate the fundamental sources that have contributed to the Index’s considerable cross‐sectional variation as well as its time‐series variation. Therefore, this study should be viewed as a useful historical account for those interested in understanding the ex post return‐generating process of the Index and its property‐type components as well as those who wish to model the ex ante return‐generating process for a variety of applications in both the equity and debt markets—regardless of whether the securities are publicly or privately traded.
Coordination and the Provision of Discrete Public Goods by Correlated Equilibria
Authors: Cavaliere Alberto
Published: March 2003

The strategic analysis of the private provision of a discrete public good has shown the existence of multiple Nash equilibria with the efficient number of players voluntarily contributing. However the coordination issue is left unexplained by this literature. The experimental evidence shows that communication among players is helpful in achieving cooperation. We claim that, from the theoretical point of view, this is equivalent to playing correlated equilibria in an extended public good game with communication, modeled as Chicken. We characterize such equilibria as feasible coordination mechanisms to achieve public goods provision in the general contribution game. We further introduce a second kind of game characterized by payoff externalities that may persist after the minimal threshold of contributors is achieved. While it is easy to show the existence of Pareto efficient correlated equilibria in the first game, in the second one players face incentive problems such that a first best cannot always be an equilibrium. Nevertheless there exist correlated equilibria that can qualify as incentive efficient mechanisms, once free riding is seen as a moral hazard issue. Finally, with an example, we discuss the impact of coalition formation in our framework.
Psychoanalysis: a dysfunctional family?
Authors: Grosskurth Phyllis
Published: March 2003

The discussion opens with an account of the author's mother's bizarre family in which a strong, charismatic grandmother maintained absolute control over her large family by encouraging a neurotic dependence in them through daily reports of their complaints.

Getting interested in psychoanalysis in an effort to understand the dynamics of this dysfunctional family, the author, a biographer, turned to the study of Melanie Klein, becoming entranced by her ideas. Her research also revealed how Klein had discouraged her followers from developing ideas that diverged in any way from her own. Her portrait of the pioneer analyst provoked intense indignation. A similar pattern of absolute loyalty to his person and theories was to be found in Freud's Secret Committee, formed primarily as a means of getting rid of Jung who had been showing disturbing signs of independence. When Ferenczi and Rank began to pursue independent lines of enquiry in their work, they too were thought to be undermining the foundations of classical psychoanalysis.

Finally, the author concludes that though there have been sorry incidents in psychoanalysis, we should be mature enough to accept both the contributions of the early pioneers and the realizations that new ideas must be permitted to evolve.
Love, psychoanalysis and destruction
Authors: Ovcharenko Victor
Published: March 2003

The author presents the available information concerning the eminent Russian psychoanalyst Sabina Spielrein, who originally developed the idea of destruction. A major part of the article, which concerns today's popular following of C. G. Jung and S. Freud, is based on documents in the Russian (Moscow) archives, and touches upon the least known periods and facts of her tragic life and of her creative activity.
Art within analysis: scapegoat, transference and transformation
Authors: Schaverien Joy
Published: March 2003

Through clinical example and pictorial illustration, the author examines ways in which art offers a particular means of psychological transformation in states which may otherwise be inexpressible. A transference to the art work itself is proposed. It is submitted that, mediated within the transference/countertransference dynamic, this ‘scapegoat transference’ facilitates a particular process of psychological differentiation. The aesthetic qualities of art presented within analysis will resonate with other countertransference affects. Clinical material demonstrates how observation of this –‘aesthetic countertransference’– leads to a distinction between the ‘diagrammatic’ and the ‘embodied’ image. The process of integration of shadow material is furthered by the temporary safe‐keeping of the art work by the analyst.
Evolving Game Theory
Authors: Hopkins Ed
Published: March 2003

Jörgen W. Weibull (1995) Evolutionary Game Theory. MIT Press. £18.50 $30 xv+265 pp.

Ken Binmore, Alan Kirman and Piero Tani (eds) (1993) Frontiers of Game Theory. MIT Press. £40.50 $47.50 350 pp.
Selective Disclosure: A Pilot Investigation into Changes in Family Relationships Since HIV Diagnosis
Authors: Leask Cristy , Elford Jonathan , Bor Robert , Miller Riva , Johnson Margaret
Published: March 2003

The aim of this research was (1) to determine the impact of HIV infection on the family as experienced by a sample of HIV infected males and females attending a London hospital HIV/AIDS service, and (2) to examine the feasibility of conducting this investigation in a clinical setting. Fifty patients (predominantly gay males and heterosexual females) attending an HIV outpatient clinic were assessed using a self‐administered questionnaire covering family relationships and disclosure of HIV. The results showed a similarity for gay males and heterosexual females in the definition of ‘close family’, yet a difference in the disclosure of HIV status to their family of origin. We conclude that the impact of HIV on the family can be examined in a clinical setting, although the question of validation must be addressed.
Family Centred Brief Solution‐focused Therapy with Chronic Schizophrenia: a Pilot Study
Authors: Eakes Georgene , Walsh Sandra , Markowski Mel , Cain Harry , Swanson Melvin
Published: March 2003

The purpose of the study was to pilot a family centred brief solution‐focused therapy model (BSFT) with families and clients diagnosed with schizophrenia. A control group of clients and their families received traditional outpatient therapy, while an experimental group of clients and their families were treated with a BSFT model. All participants were pre‐tested and then post‐tested with the Family Environment Scale after five therapy sessions over a ten‐week period. Significant differences between the groups were found on expressiveness, active‐recreational orientation, moral‐religious emphasis and family incongruence. The participation of families and clients with schizophrenia in family centred brief solution‐focused therapy produced encouraging results and demonstrated the need for expanded studies using BSFT with other chronically mentally ill clients and their families.
Towards a common ground in psychoanalysis and family therapy: on knowing not to know
Authors: Larner Glenn
Published: March 2003

In this paper a common ground between psychoanalysis and family therapy is discussed in terms of postmodern theorizing in both disciplines. Recent systemic, narrative or social constructionist thinking in psychoanalysis and a psychoanalytic turn in family therapy offers the possibility of a shared epistemology. This is described in terms of a critical not‐knowing stance which allows for the therapist’s/analyst’s contribution of meaning, interpretation and knowledge in therapeutic conversation. Here the holding of not knowing and knowing together provides a narrative container for personal meaning and thinking to develop. This ‘knowing not to know’ is what a postmodern psychoanalysis has in common with family therapy: both are ways of being with persons to help them develop and hold their own knowing. This therapeutic process is illustrated in a clinical vignette of narrative child family therapy.

For what one knows does not belong to oneself.

(Marcel Proust, Remembrance of Things Past, p. 898)
State Versus Civil Society? A Non‐Binary Model of Domination Through the Example of Israel
Authors: Ben‐Eliezer Uri
Published: March 2003

Through the Israeli case, the article questions the validity of the Western liberal model according to which (civil) "society" and "state" are two separate entities, the state ostensibly existing outside the society and imposing its will on it. Covering five distinct historical periods, from the beginning of the century until the present, and utilizing Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony, the article surveys one of Israel’s core myths, if not the core itself, that of the pioneer (halutz). The result exposes an intriguing system of domination, which is based on intensive activity and responsiveness of the population, and on a blurred distinction between the rulers and the ruled, between objects and subjects, and between state and society. Because of the existence of this system of domination it is difficult to talk about Israel in terms of a despotic state; hence also the obstacle to the constitution of a civil society in Israel. For this is effectively a hegemonic system of domination, which repels all social change by its ability to absorb any innovation and shape its meaning.
The Rise of the Information State: the Development of Central State Surveillance of the Citizen in England, 1500–2000
Authors: Higgs Edward
Published: March 2003

This essay examines existing sociological explanations of the development of the central surveillance of citizens in the light of the English experience, and finds them wanting. Sociologists see the state using surveillance for the benefit of capitalist elites, to reimpose social control over the “society of strangers” created by industrialisation. But surveillance pre‐dated industrialisation, and the development of information gathering by state elites had more to do with their own need to preserve their position both within the English polity, and international geo‐politics.
An Evaluation of the Value Relevance of Consolidated versus Unconsolidated Accounting Information: Evidence from Quoted Spanish Firms
Authors: Abad Cristina , Laffarga Joaquina , García‐Borbolla Amalia , Larrán Manuel , Piñero Juan Manuel , Garrod Neil
Published: March 2003

In this paper we investigate the value‐relevance of consolidated versus parent company accounting information. In particular we investigate the value relevance of the minority interest components of net total assets and earnings as currently reported and under the full entity approach to consolidated reporting. An Edwards‐Bell‐Ohlson valuation framework is used to generate results. By this means we cast light on the suitability of accounting regulation being developed based upon the entity or parent company theories of consolidation. We carry out the analysis in the Spanish context and the sample contains 474 observations of non‐financial firms quoted in the Madrid Stock Exchange for the period 1991–97. The results from this analysis not only have domestic relevance but provide guidance of a more international nature relating to the impact of group definition, concepts of control and the most value relevant method of consolidated disclosure. The results show that, from a valuation perspective, consolidated information dominates non‐consolidated, or parent company, information. However, neither the currently reported minority interest components of net total assets and earnings, nor their values under the full equity method of consolidation, are found to be value relevant. These results raise the question of whether group definitions based on the equity theory of consolidation are the most useful to investors.
The European Convention as an Invigorator of Domestic Law in the Netherlands
Authors: Swart Bert
Published: March 2003

This article examines the impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on domestic law in the Netherlands, with special regard to criminal procedure. The Convention has contributed to slow but profound transformations in the structure of criminal proceedings and to making these proceedings more adversarial and more rights oriented. It has opened up the Dutch system of criminal justice to the world and forced it to adapt itself to international standards of fairness. As a result, this system has become less naïve, more sophisticated, and more mature. Moreover, the case of the Netherlands illustrates how the Convention acts as a motor of convergence between civil law and common law systems of criminal justice.
Reinventing the Market? Competition and Regulatory Change in Broadcasting
Authors: Deakin Simon , Pratten Stephen
Published: March 2003

The reforms instituted by the Broadcasting Act 1990 led to a period of turbulence and upheaval within broadcasting with results that were at best unintended and, at worst, seriously undermined the ideal of public service broadcasting. A Hayekian economic perspective would suggest that the reforms failed because they did not go far enough in the direction of full ?marketization?. The paper develops an alternative perspective, based on an adaptation of systems theory within the context of law and economics. This approach offers a broader methodological foundation for the understanding of ?economic law? and a different normative perspective on the broadcasting reforms. It is suggested that the difficulty with these reforms was not their failure to go further in the direction of the market, but rather their lack of clarity in articulating a clear alternative to the market as the basis for the organization of television production.
Rewards and Regulation
Authors: Braithwaite John
Published: March 2003

Rewards are less useful in regulation than they are in markets. Firms respond to market incentives because most markets are contestable. In markets that are not oligopolies it makes more sense to adopt a competitor mentality than a fixer mentality. Regulatory power in contrast is mostly not contestable. Firms are therefore more likely to adopt a fixer or game‐playing mentality. Reactance to regulatory control through rewards is likely to be greater than reactance to market discipline. If a responsive regulatory pyramid is a good strategy for optimizing compliance, then punishment is more useful in regulation than reward. Reward at the middle of a regulatory pyramid brings about a moral hazard problem. Under certain limited conditions reward can be useful at the base of a regulatory pyramid. These conditions are transparent, easy measurement of the performance to be rewarded, an imbalance of power such that the regulatee is weak in comparison to the regulator, and an absence of weapons of the weak for subverting a regulatory system to which the weak are subject. Absent these conditions, and we cannot expect the undoubted efficiency advantages of a market where regulatory outcomes can be traded so that they are secured where the cost of doing so is least. While, in general, punishments are more useful to regulators than monetary rewards, informal rewards (praise, letters of recognition) are rather consistently useful in securing compliance.
Regulatory Conversations
Authors: Black Julia
Published: March 2003

The article proposes a new site of analysis for the study of regulation: regulatory conversations, and a new theoretical approach: discourse analysis. Regulatory conversations, the communicative interactions that occur between all involved in the regulatory ‘space’, are an important part of most regulatory systems. Discourse analysis, the study of the use of language and communication, suggests that such interactions are constitutive of the regulatory process, that they serve important functions, that they can be the basis of co‐ordinated action, and that they are important sites of conflict and contestation. The article explores five key contentions of discourse analysis, considering how each may shed light on aspects of regulatory processes. These are, first as to the meaning of language and co‐ordination of social practices; second, as to the construction of identities; third, the relationship of language, thought, and knowledge; fourth, the relationship of language and power, and finally, that meaning, thought, knowledge, and power are open to contestation and change.
Learning, Teamwork and Appropriability: Managing Technological Change in the Department of Social Security
Authors: Dyerson Romano , Mueller Frank U.
Published: March 2003

Drawing on an extensive case study, we argue that management has to actively manage information flows, both within the organization and between the organization and its environment. Three tasks of knowledge management are, in our view, important in building technological capability: appropriation, teamworking and learning. ‘Appropriation’ includes the retention and effective utilization of internal knowledge. ‘Teamworking’ refers to the integration of diverse knowledge bases. ‘Learning’ embraces the acquisition and exploitation of externally held knowledge
The Underpinnings of ‘Bureaucratic’ Control Systems: HRM in European Multinationals
Authors: Ferner Anthony
Published: March 2003

This paper explores the relationship between the operation of management control systems and the mobilization of power resources in multinational companies. It argues that formal ‘bureaucratic’ controls depend for their effective operation on informal systems and the power relations they embody. In particular, bureaucratic control systems rely inherently on the deployment of ‘social’ control mechanisms relating to the creation of common value systems, understandings, and expectations about the ‘rules of the game’ among corporate actors. The argument is illustrated by material from case studies of HRM in British and German multinationals.
Influences On Knowledge processes In Organizational Learning: The Psychosocial Filter
Authors: Andrews Kate M. , Delahaye Brian L.
Published: March 2003

This paper reports a segment of broader theory‐building case study research exploring organizational learning and knowledge processes in a bio‐medical consortium. Its focus is the individual‐level factors that influence knowledge processes associated with organizational learning. As we explored how rganizational learning occurred, the underlying knowledge processes came forward as complex and idiosyncratic. In an unanticipated finding, micro‐processes emerged as highly influential, with individual perceptions of approachability, credibility and trustworthiness mediating knowledge importing and knowledge sharing activities. We introduce a model –the psychosocial filter– to describe the cluster of micro‐processes that were brought forward in the study. Firstly, scientists filtered knowledge porting by deciding whom they would approach for information and from whom they would accept input. The individual’s confidence to initiate information requests (which we termed social confidence) and the perceived credibility of knowledge suppliers both mediated knowledge importing. Secondly, scientists mediated knowledge sharing by actively deciding with whom they would share their own knowledge. Perceived trustworthiness – based on perceptions of what olleagues were likely to do with sensitive information – was the factor that influenced knowledge‐sharing decisions. Significantly, the psychosocial filter seemed to constitute a heedful process with high functionality. Its effect was not to block knowledge circulation, but instead to ensure that nowledge‐sharing decisions were made in a thoughtful and deliberate way. The psychosocial filter suggests an initial framework for conceptualizing the role that individual‐level processes play in organizational knowledge sharing. Building on this, the model provides a platform for more focused exploration of knowledge processes and social relationships in organizational learning.
Becoming A Leader In A Complex Organization
Authors: Denis Jean‐Louis , Langley Ann , Pineault Marc
Published: March 2003

For a new leader, the process of entering and establishing a position of leadership in a complex organization presents a major challenge. This challenge seems particularly acute when authority, goals and technology are ambiguous, as in many professional service organizations. In this paper, we integrate ideas from the literature on socialization and role theory as well as that on executive succession processes to view new leader integration as a mutual adjustment process between two trajectories – that of the organization and that of the new leader. It is argued that this may lead to four possible types of integration outcomes: assimilation, transformation, accommodation and parallelism. Drawing on a case study of a large hospital, the paper identifies several mechanisms that can be mobilized by the new leader to enhance his or her room for manœuvre as the integration process evolves. The mechanisms can be classified as collaborative or affirmative, with each type having different risks and advantages. The case analysis further reveals that leader integration processes may be differentiated between different activity domains, dynamic over time (as the use of one type of integration approach alters the potential for another later), and interactive across different activity domains (as events in one part of the organization have consequences for those occurring in another).