bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract We134: Computational Model Predicts Mechanisms of Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 1 Cardioprotection through the RISK Pathway
Authors: Ngo Lavie , Saquing Jamie , Abbate Antonio , Toldo Stefano , Saucerman Jeffrey
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Complications after acute myocardial infarction are among the leading causes of mortality in the United States. Ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs after reperfusion which induces more damage to the heart despite the return of blood flow, which can lead to heart failure. Previous work has identified low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, or LRP1, as a potential therapeutic target to protect cell death from reperfusion injury. In this work, an apoptosis model was expanded to predict the signaling effects of an LRP1 agonist during ischemia.

Methods:
LRP1 agonist was added as an input to an existing cardiomyocyte apoptosis network to predict LRP1 activity and its effects on cell death during ischemia. New reactions of LRP1 with PKC, Shp2, Shc1, and Src were added for more detail upstream. The model was validated using adult mouse cardiomyocytes with ischemia and reperfusion. SP16, a synthetic LRP1 agonist drug, was delivered to measure outputs such as Akt phosphorylation, caspase3, and apoptosis.

Results:
LRP1 activation increased Ras/PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathway activity, which is part of the reperfusion-injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway. Outputs of the model such as apoptosis and cell death were decreased due to LRP1 agonist activity. The model predictions were then validated against the experiments, with 7 out of 8 model predictions (88%) validated.

Conclusions:
The cardiomyocyte apoptosis model was able to accurately predict pathways by which LRP1 prevents cell death, main pathways involved in LRP1 signaling such as the RISK pathway. This work supports LRP1 as a potential therapeutic target to induce pro-survival signaling in the heart during ischemia-reperfusion.
Abstract We140: Age-Dependent miR-34a and AGTRAP Cross-Modulation: a Novel Mechanism of Vascular Aging
Authors: Florio Cristina , Sileno Sara , Jiang Liqun , Monteonofrio Laura , Syed Sunayana Begum , Baranzini Mirko , PRAMPOLINI CHIARA , Macri Federica , Casaburo Manuel , Fanotti Nadia , Castiglione Stefania , Monticone Robert , Ziman Bruce , telljohann Richard , Wang Mingyi , Morrell Christopher , Raucci Angela , Lakatta Edward , Magenta Alessandra , Colognesi Capogrossi Maurizio
Published: October 2024

Background:
Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) activation plays a central role in vascular aging, leading to structural and functional alterations including vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration and secretion of extracellular matrix and inflammatory molecules. The age-associated increase in Angiotensin II (Ang II) expression enhances AT1-receptor activity and determinates a pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory phenotype. Further, miR-34a expression is modulated by aging and increases in different tissues, including the mouse aorta, but no direct miR-34a target has been identified in the RAAS pathway that sustains age-dependent increase of pro-inflammatory signaling.

Aims:
The aim of our study is to evaluate the potential interaction between miR-34a and RAAS signaling in VSMCs.

Methods and Results:
miR-34a expression exhibited an age-dependent increase in Rhesus Monkey (8- to 26-year-old) and rat central arteries (8- and 30-month-old). In silico analysis indicated that AT1R-associated protein (AGTRAP), a negative modulator of AT1R signaling, is a potential miR-34a target suggesting that the age-dependent increase in miR-34a in the arterial vascular wall may decrease AGTRAP expression in arterial VSMC. Ang II enhanced miR-34a expression in 30-month-old rat and in human aorta SMCs (HASMCs), whereas AGTRAP and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) mRNA and protein level decreased. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a decrease of AGTRAP in 18-month-old miR-34a knock-out mice compared to 2-month-old mice. By luciferase assay, we demonstrated that AGTRAP is a direct miR-34a target. Moreover, AGTRAP and SIRT1 decreased in HASMCs infected with miR-34a-encoding lentivirus and this effect was partially rescued in AGTRAP/miR-34a co-infected cells. Finally, pro-inflammatory genes IL-6, COX-2, MCP-1 and MFG-E8 expression was upregulated in Ang II-treated and miR-34a overexpressing HASMCs, and this effect was abolished in AGTRAP/miR-34a co-transfected cells.

Conclusions:
Our results show cross-modulation between miR-34a and AGTRAP. MiR-34a targeting AGTRAP increases the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in VSMCs and represents a novel mechanism that modulates RAAS signaling in vascular aging.

Statement:
This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging.
Abstract We141: Leveraging Cardiac Gene Reprogramming at Single-Cell Resolution to Understand Heart Failure
Authors: Russell Megan , Zhou Bin , Zheng Deyou
Published: October 2024

Background:
A defining characteristic of heart failure is cardiac gene reprogramming. Heart failure-induced pathological stressors activate transcription factors, including
Gata4
,
Tbx5
, and
Mef2,
required for cardiogenesis. These transcription factors activate fetal cardiac genes in the failing adult heart. The mechanism and role of such cardiac gene reprogramming in response to heart failure remain not fully characterized. Here, we leverage transcriptional reprogramming induced by thyroid hormone deficiency as a model system to understand adult heart failure at the single-cell level.

Methods:
We engineered a novel
Myh6
/
Myh7
reporter mouse line. Hypothyroidism was induced in mice with propylthiouracil (PTU). PTU treatment led to global cardiac gene reprogramming. To profile gene expression and chromatin accessibility during cardiac gene reprogramming, single nuclei multiomic sequencing was conducted. Echocardiographs on control and PTU-treated mice evaluated cardiac function changes associated with reprogramming. Cardiac tissues were collected to validate both known and newly identified candidates involved in cardiac gene reprogramming.

Results:
Characterization of hypothyroidic mice as a model for cardiac reprogramming revealed that the ventricles of PTU-treated hearts significantly switch from
Myh6
to dominantly express
Myh7
. Evaluation of echocardiographs showed that PTU-treated hearts are significantly atrophic, have chamber dilatation, and reduced cardiac function. Analysis of multiome datasets revealed a unique gene set that is differentially expressed and accessible during cardiac gene reprogramming. Upregulated and more accessible genes in PTU-treated cardiomyocytes (CM) are involved in muscle cell differentiation, muscle hypertrophy, and mitochondrion disassembly (
Tbx5
,
Sox4
,
Wnt2
,
Rgs2
,
Hey2
,
Mfn2
). Downregulated and less accessible genes in PTU-treated CMs are related to heart contraction, regulation of heart rate, and ion membrane transport (
Kcnd3
,
Jarid2
,
Epas1, Atp2a2
,
Scn5a
,
Slc25a4
).

Conclusion:
Induction of cardiac gene reprogramming by thyroid inhibition can be applied to understand adult heart failure mechanisms. Hypothyroidism effectively induces global remodeling in the adult heart. Single nuclei multiomic analysis reveals new mechanistic insights into cardiac gene reprogramming that alters the expression and accessibility of genes essential for heart development and maturation.
Abstract We144: Fto Deficiency Causes Cardiac Dysfunction by Altering Expression of Serca2a mRNA
Authors: Phan Anh , zhang shihong , Gallinat Alex , Shao Alan , Li Xisheng , Sahoo Susmita
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Research Question:
The impact of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A) messenger RNA methylation, on cardiac function has not yet been fully understood. Our study found that the absence of the m6A eraser, Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (Fto), in cardiomyocytes of adult mice led to cardiac dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods and Results:
To evaluate Fto physiological functions, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible cardiac-specific Fto knockout mouse model (Fto cKO). This resulted in a substantial reduction of Fto at both mRNA and protein levels in the whole heart, leading to an almost complete absence of Fto within cardiomyocytes. Echocardiography analyses showed that Fto cKO mice exhibit impaired cardiac functions, indicated by a 30% reduction in ejection fraction and 40% decrease in fractional shortening after one month of deletion of cardiac Fto (
p<0.01
). We found a significant increase in heart weight to body weight ratios in Fto cKO animals (
p<0.05
). This result corresponded with an increased expression of hypertrophic markers including
Nppb
and
Myh7
mRNA in the absence of Fto (
p<0.01
). We noted an increase in the length of Fto cKO cardiomyocytes (
p<0.05
) in isolated cardiomyocytes, a characteristic feature of eccentric pathologic hypertrophy. Electron microscopy analysis of intact hearts showed ultrastructure abnormalities in cardiomyocytes from Fto cKO mice including Z-line density loss and disarray in cristae alignment of mitochondria. Moreover, cardiomyocytes from Fto cKO mice demonstrated defects in sarcomeric shortening including a prolongation of time to 90% peak, time to 90% rest, and decay time constant of relaxation for sarcomere shortening (
p<0.001
), compared to control mice. Mechanistically, we found down-regulation of
Serca2a
and
Ryr2
mRNA in cardiomyocytes lacking Fto. We further demonstrated that Fto binds
Serca2a
mRNA and controls its cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling. Fto deficiency led to accumulation of
Serca2a
mRNA in the nucleus.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that Fto plays a pivotal role as a crucial regulator for cardiac function. Consequently, our results unveil a significant and novel mechanism through which Fto-dependent regulation contributes to the preservation of cardiac homeostasis.
A comparative analysis of the sensitivity and BOLD contamination of the VASO response at 3 Tesla: ME-DEPICTING vs. ME-EPI readouts
Authors: Devi Ratnamanjuri , Lepsien Jöran , Mildner Toralf , Möller Harald E.
Published: October 2024

‘Non-BOLD fMRI’ data acquired at non-zero echo time (TE) suffer from contamination by the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal due to the unavoidable signal decay caused by transverse relaxation. This contamination further reduces their already low inherent functional sensitivities and makes their correction essential. The Slice-Saturation Slab-Inversion Vascular Space Occupancy (SS-SI–VASO), for instance, cancels out BOLD contributions from VASO data, reflecting cerebral blood volume (CBV) changes, via a dynamic division approach. Alternatively, multi-echo (ME) data provide the possibility of extrapolating to TE=0. Acquisitions at very short TE would minimize the need for such corrections. The center-out EPI variant (‘DEPICTING’) is one such readout which allows for short TE. The ME 2D DEPICTING was compared here against a traditional ME 2D EPI for its sensitivity to functional changes in the VASO signal. The two BOLD-correction schemes were also evaluated. Clear differences in functional sensitivity were observed for the uncorrected VASO data obtained from the first echo, TE1, of the two readouts. VASO data corrected by ME extrapolation were, however, found to be almost identical in their sensitivity for detecting CBV changes for both readouts. An excessively high increase in VASO signal sensitivity observed with the dynamic division correction for both readouts revealed a near-perfect linear dependence on TE of VASO signal changes. This could be attributed to the substantial intravascular BOLD contributions at 3 T. In the present data, extravascular ΔR2* fraction was found to be around ~50–60%. ME extrapolation is, hence, recommended to avoid overestimation of functional CBV changes at commonly used TEs.
DNA barcode polymorphism within a common widespread rove beetle Quedius molochinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: GEBREMESKEL ANGESOM , SALNITSKA MARIA , SOLODOVNIKOV ALEXEY
Published: October 2024

Phylogenetic assessment of COI barcodes from 22 specimens identified as Q. molochinus based on external morphology and shape of the aedeagus revealed three non-sister clades within this recently revised species, with large molecular distance (6.3–7.8%) among them, suggesting their species status. On the contrary, preliminary study of the aedeagal internal sac (endophallus) of the available males from these clades and from the more numerous additional non-sequenced materials of Q. molochinus did not reveal notable variants. We report this case here because firstly, this goes against some cases observed in other beetles where endophallic characters may be the only morphological traits supporting molecular-based cryptic species, and secondly, these molecular clades are unexpected within a species we thought to be well-known. DNA barcoding, exploration of nuclear DNA markers and an in-depth examination of the fully everted endophallus for a wider sample of freshly collected specimens are required for further study and explanation of the detected molecular polymorphism of Q. molochinus. An illustration of the everted internal sac as a reference and new distributional data for this species are provided.
Diurnal Changes in Cloud Cover in Eastern Gabon and Their Impacts on Energy Balance, Light Availability, and Water Demand: A Case Study of the 2022 Dry Season
Authors: Magnan Martin , Philippon Nathalie , Moron Vincent , Mariscal Armand , Liandrat Olivier
Published: October 2024

Western central Africa is atypical of the equatorial domain as the main dry season is cloudier than the rainy seasons. To understand this cloud cover’s diurnal evolution, we set up an infrared camera and acquired measurements of the total cloud cover fraction (TCF) and cloud optical depth at Bambidie, Gabon (0°44′30.5″S, 12°58′12.4″E), from May to October 2022. Diurnal variations in TCF can be summarized into four types, mostly discretized through the timing and duration of clouds clearing in the afternoon [early afternoon clearing (EaC), late afternoon clearing (LaC), and clear night (CNi)], while one type [no clearing (NoC)] shows overcast conditions all day long. Meteorological measurements show that NoC days record 50 W m−2 less shortwave incoming surface radiation, resulting in daytime temperatures 1°C lower than the seasonal norm, but 20% more diffuse light and 0.5 mm day−1 less ETo. Conversely, EaC days record 50 W m−2 more shortwave incoming surface radiation, leading to temperatures 1.5°C higher than the seasonal norm, but 40% more direct light. The larger water demand (0.5 mm day−1 more ETo) is partly compensated by more frequent rainfall at nighttime. The satellite estimates of Satellite Application Facilities for supporting Nowcasting and very short-range Forecasting (SAFNWC) capture the TCF variations for most of the four types well. They confirm that TCF is dominated by very low and low clouds whose dissipation in the afternoon and evolution into fractional and cumuliform convective clouds explains the clearings on EaC and LaC days. Satellite estimates also show that the four types of days extracted at Bambidie are representative of a larger-scale cloud cover evolution in western central Africa, with a west–east gradient in the timing of afternoon cloud dissipation.
Position measurement and output feedback tracking method of hydraulic servo system based on pressure sensor
Authors: Weiping Wang , Xinyi Zhou , Shun Lu , Jialu Zhang
Published: October 2024

Instead of using position sensor, a position measurement and output feedback tracking method is proposed based on pressure sensor for a class of hydraulic servo system. First, the desired accumulator pressure is calculated and obtained in an open-loop way according to the desired cylinder position. Then, the position tracking task can be indirectly realized by achieving the pressure control. As a result, only one pressure sensor is required instead of position sensor, which is different from almost all the traditional output feedback position controller of hydraulic system. For the closed-loop pressure tracking, a desired compensation method and an auxiliary variable-based state observer are integrated to form the nonlinear controller. The theoretical and numerical simulation results demonstrate that the presented controller can attain satisfactory pressure tracking performance.
Enhancing public opinion monitoring for social hot events with a time series neural network-based logic map
Authors: Mao Hangyin , Jiang Ying , Lai Xiaohan , Zhang Yehua , Huang Xiaoxiao
Published: October 2024

A method for constructing a commercial map of social hotspots based on time-series neural networks is proposed. It explores map construction through three stages: atomic event graph building, fusion, and public opinion analysis. The neural network captures event dynamics and public opinion evolution. An unsupervised learning approach trains the model to explore deep event connections. A time map reflects event trends and opinion changes. A sentence-level event extraction model provides rich information. An empirical mode decomposition method analyzes IMF data to understand intrinsic patterns. Time-series neural networks classify and reconstruct event graphs, constructing a knowledge graph. Experiments show this method reduces storage costs, simplifies prediction, and exhibits robustness. It offers new insights for commercial mapping and contributes to public opinion monitoring.
Hybrid rib fabric electromagnetic shielding measurement in X-band
Authors: Erdem Ediz
Published: October 2024

This study involves measurement and evaluation of the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) in the X-band frequency range of rib-knitted fabrics formed from hybrid conductors. Hybrid conductive fabrics were made by knitting copper, silver, and stainless steel conductors together with cotton yarn. The basic theory of EMSE is introduced, and the waveguide measurement setup described. The through-reflect-line calibration setup was used to obtain accurate results. After calibration of the established waveguide measurement setup, hybrid conductive fabrics were tested. The measurements were analyzed and the fabrics compared. The aim is to produce a hybrid fabric that is suitable for general use, has a good EMSE, is easy to produce, and offers low-cost high-frequency solutions. An easy-to-produce and low-cost EMSE material is required, especially in new-generation wearable flexible electronic devices and military applications.
Examining Multiculturals’ and Multilinguals’ Paradoxical Bridging Behaviors in Overcoming Cultural and Language Barriers in Organizations
Authors: Augustin Tomke J. , Pudelko Markus , Kirkman Bradley
Published: October 2024

Research has identified the usefulness of multicultural and multilingual employees in overcoming cultural and language barriers in international work contexts, but still needs to clarify why and how these employees engage in bridging behavior. Based on in-depth analyses of 154 interviews, we inductively develop a comprehensive model of bridging behaviors with novel and counterintuitive insights. We show that bridging behaviors are not only based on individual strengths, which multiculturals and multilinguals possess, but also—paradoxically—on their weaknesses. Multiculturals’ and multilinguals’ strengths and experience with weaknesses result in different determinants and enactments of bridging. Grounded in our inductive theory building, we propose four bridging behaviors: cultural teaching, language teaching, cultural facilitating, and language facilitating. Multiculturals and multilinguals cycle between these bridging behaviors depending on their capabilities and motivations in specific situations. We provide theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Functional performance comparison of long cane and secondary electronic travel aids for mobility enhancement
Authors: Jin Rui , Petoe Matthew A , McCarthy Chris D , Serra Jaime R , Starkey Scott , McGinley Jennifer , Ayton Lauren N
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the impact of secondary electronic travel aids (ETAs) on the mobility performance of individuals with profound visual impairment, specifically focusing on object detection and obstacle avoidance tasks. Seven experienced long-cane users were recruited for the study. The ETAs tested as secondary aids to the long cane included the MiniGuide, utilizing ultrasonic echo location, and the vOICe (Vision-to-Auditory Sensory Substitution Device), which translates visual information into auditory signals. Two software modes of the vOICe were examined: the standard contrast mode and a novel algorithm utilizing relative depth information. Notably, 30 min of familiarization was provided before the trials. Results indicated that while the use of the secondary ETAs led to increased awareness of the surrounding environment, it also resulted in longer processing times and more hesitations, compared with using the long cane alone. Participants demonstrated improved object detection and larger detection and safety ranges during obstacle avoidance. The study also introduced the concept of margin of stability (MoS) as a novel metric for evaluating gait stability while using ETAs. Both MiniGuide and vOICe users exhibited consistent and stable movements, suggesting that these additional aids did not negatively impact overall gait stability. The findings highlight the trade-offs between efficiency and effectiveness when using secondary mobility aids, with longer training periods potentially mitigating these issues. In addition, the study emphasizes the need for ongoing research to optimize the design and training programmes for new ETAs. Future studies may explore the impact of extended training periods on mobility performance. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how ETAs can enhance the mobility of individuals with visual impairments while also highlighting some of the challenges associated with their use. Optimizing ETA design and training programmes is crucial for maximizing benefits for individuals with impaired vision.
JAK inhibitors in systemic lupus erythematosus: Translating pathogenesis into therapy
Authors: Ceobanu Gabriela , Edwards Christopher J
Published: October 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex multi-organ autoimmune disease marked by the production of autoantibodies against nuclear structures, formation of immune complexes, and chronic inflammation triggered by their tissular deposition. SLE is characterized by alternating periods of relapse and remission and each flare has the potential to cause new organ damage related to either the disease process or the medication toxicity. Despite remarkable progress across its multiple domains, SLE is still an area with many unmet needs, calling for innovative and practical solutions. The efforts of the drug development programme in lupus have led to considerable growth in the last decade, owing to the approval of belimumab, anifrolumab, and voclosporin. The increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease has enabled the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. New discoveries in the intricate cytokine kaleidoscope of lupus have made the concept of targeted therapy an attractive and promising research focus. JAK inhibitors are oral targeted therapies approved for a wide variety of diseases across the Rheumatology, Gastroenterology, Dermatology, and Haematology fields. Multiple JAKis are currently being investigated in SLE. This paper aims to summarize existing data coming from both clinical trials and case reports regarding the use of JAK inhibitors in SLE.
Gene Therapy for Hearing Loss: A Review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Background:

Hearing impairment is the most prevalent sensory deficiency among humans. Scientists have been actively studying the genetic factors behind human hearing loss in recent years. A considerable proportion of hearing impairment cases can be due to genetic aetiologies. Numerous specific genes have been linked to inherited hearing impairments. At present, scientists globally are engaged in genomics-driven research and development related to hearing.

Methods:

The search for recent research articles on gene therapy for hearing loss was done with databases Scopus, PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. This review article discusses the gene therapy for hearing loss.

Results:

Screening approaches, coupled with next-generation sequencing technologies, are being employed to analyse groups of individuals affected by hearing loss who are suspected to share common genetic mutations. This approach aims to accurately diagnose patients with hearing impairments.

Conclusion:

This review article discusses gene therapy techniques for the restoration or preservation of hearing, focusing on methods for delivering genes to target cells using viral or non-viral vectors. The review also covers technology targeted at creating gene therapy as a potential therapeutic option in the near future and emphasises recent developments in gene therapy for hearing loss.
Sustainable careers within greening economies
Authors: Hopner Veronica , Carr Stuart C , Wloch Julia
Published: October 2024

Sustainable Livelihoods are more adaptable than precarious jobs, for career development through Decent Work. An essential element for Career Sustainability is Climate action, that includes Just Transitions from carbon-intensive to carbon-neutral or regenerative work. This paper analyses a municipal transition from coal-mining to a more carbon-neutral, city economy, which has foregrounded just transition for miners, and improved the wider ecosystem. The Polish city of Katowice in Poland illustrates how work and career structures, in this case municipal, can work for people in everyday life and their future careers. The case may also serve as a lighthouse project for future just transitions, as part of sustainable career development, by greening economies and supporting access to decent work for all.
Recommendations of the Queensland children’s gender service external evaluation and their implications for health policy in Australia
Authors: Spencer Jillian , Amos Andrew James , Clarke Patrick Hubert John
Published: October 2024

Objective

To review the evaluation process and the implications for Australian health policy of the 2024 external clinical service evaluation of the Queensland Children's Gender Service (QCGS) and its recommendations.

Conclusions

Failing to perform a systematic review of the relevant literature, and adhering to discredited and ideologically based guidelines, the Review made recommendations lacking evidentiary support that have major implications for Queensland and other Australian health services. The evaluation report’s recommendations reveal eight areas of concern about the clinic’s functioning.
Longitudinal vibrations and their suppression of a tethered satellite system using friction self-excitation mechanism
Authors: Sheng Guochen , Sun Jialiang , Jin Dongping
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a friction self-excitation mechanism to regulate the longitudinal vibrations of the tether during the state-keeping phase of a two-body tethered satellite system. A simplified dynamic model is established, consisting of two mass blocks, a constant-length tether, and a conveyor belt. The Stribeck friction model is utilized to describe the effects of friction on the stability of longitudinal vibration. Numerical simulations reveal the instability phenomenon induced by Hopf bifurcation and indicate the potential self-excited vibration under different parameters. Additionally, the paper explores the design approach for the tether by introducing the concept of segmented tethering and its dynamic behavior under different design scenarios. Varying the stiffness of the tether can change the vibration modes of the system. Finally, a ground experiment is carried out to evaluate the dynamic behaviors of the system and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed vibration suppression mechanism.
Structural damage detection for spatial frame structures with semi-rigid joints using multiple set wireless measurements
Authors: Hao Jiajia , Zhu Xinqun , Li Jianchun
Published: October 2024

Damage detection of a complex spatial frame structure with semi-rigid joints is a challenging task. Most existing damage detection methods consider the joint as rigid and the nonuniform cross section of the member is not considered. This assumption results to a large error in the structural damage identification. A novel generic element is proposed for the nonuniform cross-section member with semi-rigid joints at both ends in this study. The finite element model of spatial structures with semi-rigid joints is established using the proposed element. The modal strain energy-based damage index is defined and its sensitivity to the member and joint damage has been investigated using numerical and experimental study. An 8-m long bridge model with the bolted connection at joints is built in the laboratory. Dynamic responses of the bridge under random excitations are monitored using 13 wireless tri-axis accelerometers. The spatial mode shapes of the bridge are extracted using the reference-based stochastic subspace identification from multiple set wireless measurements. The numerical model is validated using experimental results. Dynamic responses of the bridge with different damage scenarios have been simulated using the validated model and the corresponding damage indices are obtained. The results show that the proposed method is reliable and accurate to analyze dynamic behavior of the spatial structure with semi-rigid joints, and structural damage can be identified accurately using the modal strain energy-based damage index.
The combined effect of indoor climate and psychosocial stressors on subsequent headaches: A prospective study of the general working population in Norway
Authors: Moazami Therese Nitter , Sterud Tom
Published: October 2024

This prospective panel study explores the link between indicators of poor indoor climate and psychosocial stressors in the work environment with subsequent headaches. A random sample of the Norwegian working population (18 to 66 years) was examined, using self-reported health symptoms and work exposures collected in 2009, 2013 and 2016. This study included repeated measurements of 6681 workers attending at least two consecutive interviews (16,493 observations). The results were analysed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs), adjusting for sex, birth year, occupation, education, baseline mental health and the presence of headache at baseline. Headaches were prevalent in 25.4% of cases, with odds ratios (ORs) increasing with poor indoor climate (ORcontinuous = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.19) and number of psychosocial stressors (ORcontinuous = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14). The OR amongst individuals concurrently exposed to both poor indoor climate and psychosocial stressors was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.26–1.75). Approximately one in five headache cases were attributable to this combined exposure. Measures implemented to reduce the prevalence of headaches in the work environment should consider the combined impact of a poor indoor climate and psychosocial stressors.
Velopharyngeal Timing and Speech Sound Disorders of Unknown Etiology
Authors: Snodgrass Taylor D. , Perry Jamie L. , Fang Xiangming , Ruscello Dennis M.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to investigate velopharyngeal timing in children with and without speech sound disorders (SSDs) of unknown etiology. Six U.S. preschool-age children participated in the investigation. Three of the children had typically developing speech and language and three had SSDs of unknown etiology. Aerodynamic testing of the velopharyngeal mechanism was conducted during repetitions of the word “hamper” for six temporal variables. Two of the six temporal data points achieved statistical significance at the level of  p < .05: duration of nasal airflow ( p = .024) and start of oral pressure to end of oral pressure ( p = .016). Per Cohen’s d, small effect sizes were noted for two variables, medium effect sizes were noted for one variable, and large effect sizes were noted for one variable.
Management of Giant Type II Arteriovenous Malformation of the Neck With Heart Failure in a Pediatric Patient With Coil and NLE Embolization: A Case Report
Authors: Funaki Anna , Mori Hideki , Onozawa Shiro , Ouchi Kunie , Takara Yuki , Hitomi Suguru , Takata Hidemi , Tozawa Asami , Izumoto Mamiko , Nakaoka Hiroki
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Although arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are typically benign lesions, massive ones can lead to severe complications, including heart failure. Notably, there is no standardized treatment for AVMs. Moreover, management of AVMs can be challenging when these lesions involve vital organ systems, such as the head and neck. In this report, we describe embolization of a massive cervical AVM in a pediatric patient with heart failure.

Case report:

A 10-year-old boy presented with severe heart failure secondary to a massive AVM in the neck (right side). Despite 3 unsuccessful arterial embolization procedures, venous embolization of the dominant outflow vein using a coil and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, lipiodol, and ethanol proved effective, and symptoms, cerebral natriuretic peptide level (568-29 pg/mL), and echocardiography were significantly improved. Although residual AVM persisted in the right upper extremity for 6 months after surgery, his cardiac function remained preserved, and his activities of daily living have improved.

Conclusion:

Venous embolization is a valuable treatment modality for type II AVMs with a dominant outflow vein. However, considering the patient burden associated with large AVMs, multiple therapeutic interventions at appropriate intervals and long-term follow-up are important.

Clinical Impact

We present a pediatric patient with a type II massive arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the neck and severe heart failure. Despite undergoing 3 arterial embolization procedures, his condition remained unchanged. However, venous embolization of the dominant outflow vein resulted in a significant improvement in symptoms. This case emphasizes the importance of considering multiple and appropriately timed therapeutic interventions, particularly for massive AVMs, to optimize patient outcomes while minimizing treatment burden.
Computed tomography cross-sections for an objective evaluation of the textile fabric’s inner structure and its thickness
Authors: Vysanska Monika
Published: October 2024

The thickness and inner structure of porous fibrous structures - textiles is an important parameter, especially regarding comfort, noise, heat insulation, and permeability. The standard and probably the fastest thickness measuring method is with a thickness gauge, which uses a certain slight pressure, as well as other known methodologies. The paper presents an original methodology for evaluating the thickness of non-pressure-controlled porosity structures using their transversal packing density distribution. It also determines the maximum packing density value of the evaluated structure and the packing density level at which the thickness gauge approximately measures the thickness. The ratio of pressure-controlled and non-pressure-controlled thicknesses is used to define the proportion of the “incompressible” core of the fabric to its “compressible” surface. The packing density is evaluated in transverse virtual cross-sections of the structures using an image analysis tool. The standard soft cross-sections that are used could again cause some deformation of the studied structures, so the cross-sections were performed using Rigaku’s nano3DX computed tomography equipment. The methodology was tested on a set of seven diverse textile structures in terms of material and manufacturing technology. Each test specimen was evaluated for its internal structure through the transverse packing density process, the corresponding mentioned packing density levels were found, the non-pressure controlled thickness was determined, and the core and outlying fibers ratio was defined. The maximum packing density in the fabric core decreased as expected from the woven fabric through the weft and warp knitted fabric to the non-woven fabric. The maximum transverse packing density is independent of the thickness and the material used and, therefore, depends only on the structure. So is the packing density level at which the thickness gauge measures the thickness. This level has been set at 0.028 for knitted fabrics.
Dynamic human–object interaction detection for feature exclusion in visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)
Authors: Indermun Shival , Schreve Kristiaan , Weber Thomas , Rätsch Matthias
Published: October 2024

Visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) remains a focal point in robotics research, particularly in the realm of mobile robots. Despite the existence of robust methods such as ORBSLAM3, their effectiveness is limited in dynamic scenarios. The influence of moving entities in these scenarios poses challenges to data association, leading to compromised pose estimation accuracy. This paper proposes a novel approach that utilizes spatial reasoning to reduce the influence of dynamic entities present in an environment. Our approach, known as human–object interaction detection, identifies the dynamic nature of an object by evaluating the intersecting area between the bounding boxes of a person and the object. We tested our approach by extending the ORBSLAM3 RGB-D SLAM algorithm. Consequently, all ORB features associated with dynamic objects are filtered out from the ORBSLAM3 tracking thread. To validate our approach, we conducted evaluations on highly dynamic sequences extracted from the TUM RGB-D dataset. Our results exhibited a significant performance enhancement over ORBSLAM3. Furthermore, in comparison to other state-of-the-art research, our results remained competitive, given the simplicity of our approach.
Detection of atrial fibrillation after stroke due to large or small vessel disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Florentin Matilda , Sagris Dimitrios , Tasoudis Panagiotis , Korompoki Eleni , Veltkamp Roland , D’Anna Lucio , Wachter Rolf , Milionis Haralampos , Ntaios George
Published: October 2024

Background:

Emerging evidence indicates a frequent occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) detection among patients with established causes of ischemic stroke unrelated to AF. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate AF detection rates in stroke patients with large or small vessel disease, considering the AF detection modality and duration of cardiac rhythm monitoring.

Aims:

We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and Scopus databases up to 2 March 2024, to identify randomized controlled trials, non-randomized prospective studies, and retrospective studies assessing the frequency of AF detection in stroke patients with large or small vessel disease. The primary outcome of interest was the rate of AF detection. We utilized inverse-variance weights to produce the pooled prevalence (effect size (ES)) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of patients diagnosed with post-stroke AF.

Summary of review:

In the analysis of 14 eligible studies encompassing 4334 patients, AF was identified in 154 out of 2082 patients with strokes attributed to small or large vessel disease, yielding a pooled prevalence of 6.27% (ES; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.18–10.17, I2 = 87.83%). Among patients with large vessel disease strokes, AF was diagnosed in 79 out of 1042 patients, accounting for a pooled prevalence of 5.07% (ES; 95% CI: 1.30–10.33, I2 = 77.05%). Similarly, among those with small vessel disease strokes, AF was detected in 75 out of 1040 patients, with a pooled prevalence of 5.03% (ES; 95% CI: 1.96–9.06, I2 = 78.05%).

Conclusions:

AF is often found in ischemic stroke patients with large or small vessel disease. Detection rates increase with longer cardiac rhythm monitoring. The safety and benefits of oral anticoagulation for these AF episodes are uncertain.
The 2024 EU elections and cybersecurity: A retrospective and lessons learned
Authors: Saeva Eva , Tasheva Iva
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the cybersecurity threats to elections and draws out the lessons learned from the EU (Parliament) elections of June 2024, putting forward recommendations for further improvement. The objective of the analysis is thus manifold. First, it summarises the cyber threats pertinent to elections—those capable of influencing or distorting the election process and outcome. Second, it discusses the measures adopted in preparation for the 2024 EU elections and provides an analysis of how the election campaigns and actual elections across the 27 member states developed. Third, it offers recommendations for improving the cyber resilience of future elections. The analysis will cover both strictly cyber-specific threats and broader hybrid threats.
Competence of Senior Otolaryngology Residents with the Bedside Head Impulse Test—Has There Been Improvement After 5 Years of Competency By Design?
Authors: Lelli Danny A. , Rourke Ryan , Tse Darren
Published: October 2024

Background

The bedside head impulse test (bHIT) is a clinical method of assessing the vestibulo-ocular reflex. It is a critical component of the bedside assessment of dizzy patients and helps differentiate acute stroke from vestibular neuritis. A previous study on senior Otolaryngology residents showed poor competence in performing and interpreting the bHIT and called for specific evaluations in the Competency By Design (CBD) curriculum to remedy this. This study aimed to assess whether those competencies have improved after full implementation of CBD in residency programs.

Methods

Thirty post-graduate year 4 Otolaryngology residents in Canada were evaluated on the use of the bHIT using a written multiple-choice question (MCQ) examination, interpretation of bHIT videos, and performance of a bHIT. Ratings of bHIT performance were completed by 2 expert examiners (DT, DL) using the Ottawa Clinic Assessment Tool.

Results

Only 6.7% (rater DT) and 20% (rater DL) of residents were found able to perform the bHIT independently. Inter-rater reliability was moderate (0.55, intraclass correlation). Mean scores were 70% (13.4% standard deviation) for video interpretation and 59% (20.6% standard deviation) for multiple-choice questions. Video interpretation scores did not correlate with bHIT ratings (Pearson r = 0.11), but MCQs and bHIT ratings did correlate moderately (Pearson r = 0.52). Comparing to the prior study, residents performed worse on the bHIT (3.14 average score vs 3.64, P < .01) and fewer residents performed the bHIT independently (6.7% vs 22%—rater DT, 20% vs 39%—rater DL). Residents also performed worse on MCQs (58.7% vs 70.9%, P = 0.038), though similarly on video interpretation (70% vs 65%, P = .198).

Conclusion

Fourth year OTL-HNS residents in Canada are not competent in performing the bHIT. These findings have implications for refining competency-based curricula in the evaluation of critical physical exam skills.
Opioid Prescribing Trends Among Workers’ Compensation Patients Undergoing Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Goodwin Tyler M. , Miles Daniel T. , Murray Richard D. , Wilson Andrew W. , Doty Jesse F.
Published: October 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate opioid usage and prescribing trends among workers’ compensation (WC) patients who underwent foot or ankle operative procedures compared with a control group.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted for WC and non-WC patients who underwent foot or ankle procedures in a single academic orthopaedic surgery practice. Outcome measures were total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) and number of opioid prescriptions.

Results

A total of 118 patients were identified, including 51 patients in the WC group and 67 in the non-WC group. After index surgery, 67% (34 of 51) of WC patients had 2 or more additional opioid prescriptions compared to 39% (26 of 67) of non-WC patients (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-6.7; P = .003). Collectively, there were greater prescriptions of oxycodone MME (P = .002) and hydrocodone MME (P = .07) in the WC cohort.

Conclusions

Workers’ compensation patients seem to be prescribed and consume opioids at a higher rate postoperatively. It is important for treating physicians to be aware of these trends, and discussions with patients regarding expected opioid use when planning surgical intervention may be beneficial. Physicians may need to set expectations preoperatively and suggest there are limits on the amount of opioids that can safely be prescribed.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, Retrospective cohort study, Prognostic
Paper 17: Does Higher Quality CAM Resection Correlate with Better Patient-Reported Outcomes?
Authors: Langley Charlotte , Ma Jie , Licht Felicia , Wong Ivan
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

The relationships between CAM resection quality and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are unknown in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of CAM resection quality with patient’s self-reported International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT) scores collected annually post-surgery.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted including patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) between 2012 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were pre-operative radiographic signs of CAM-type impingement (alpha angle > 55 °) and post-operative plain radiographs. Exclusion criteria were radiographic signs of a pincer or mixed impingement, history of femoral neck or proximal femur fracture, and treatment of concomitant hip pathologies. The following data were collected: demographic information, radiographic findings, and iHOT scores. CAM resection quality data were categorized based on findings from three plain radiographs (anteroposterior (AP) pelvis, frog leg lateral, and 45° Dunn views). High quality resections were defined as those post-operative alpha angle <55°.

Results:

This study included 148 participants who underwent CAM resection. From Frog leg views, 88% of patients had high-quality resections and presented superior post-operative iHOT scores compared to the 12% of patients with poor resection quality during the 1-year to 5-year follow-up period. Likewise, from Dunn views 82% of patients with a high-quality CAM resection displayed a similar trend in post-operative iHOT scores compared to 18% of patients with poor resection quality on Dunn views. However, this positive association between resection quality and post-operative iHOT scores was not evident in AP imaging. With AP views, 82% of patients with high-quality resections did not show a significant difference in iHOT scores compared to 18% of patients with poor resection quality.

Conclusions:

This study found that high quality CAM resection from arthroscopic surgery correlated with better iHOTs up to 5-years post-surgery from the Dunn and frog leg radiographic imaging views.