bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse gas emissions caused by global steel industry: the past, the present and the future
Authors: Bashmakov I. A.
Published: October 2021

Measures aimed at the transition of the global iron and steel industry to carbon neutrality by 2050 or beyond are in the focus of scientific, business, and political circles of many countries. If this target is to be attained, it is important to understand how demand for ferrous metals will be evolving, and when and to what extent the sector can be modernized on the low carbon basis. The paper explores the possibility and conditions for the full-scale decarbonization of the global iron and steel sector, looks into current trends in the production of key products of steel industry and related greenhouse gas emissions; estimates the contributions of all the factors behind these trends in 1900‒2019. By analyzing the relations between the economic growth and ferrous metals consumption as “services‒materials stock‒materials flow‒environment” model, the paper shows that a mechanical extrapolation of the earlier trends to 2050 and beyond may result in erroneous conclusions about the sector’s development perspectives. The factors that will eventually ensure the decoupling, i.e. a dramatic weakening or a complete rupture of the connection between economic growth and steel demand. The paper provides an analysis of the iron and steel sector decarbonization perspectives and estimates the scale and intensity of the forthcoming technological change.
Assessment of carbon footprint of steel production technology at aluminum application for iron oxides reducing
Authors: Lisienko V. G. , Chesnokov Yu. N. , Lapteva A. V.
Published: October 2021

The XXIst conference on climate, held in Paris in 2015, set coordination of efforts of all the countries as an object to reduce greenhouse gases emissions. To realize the conference decisions, it is necessary to implement technologies ensuring reduction of carbon dioxide forming in every industry. Steel industry is one of its sources. A proposed in publications technology of production of carbon-free steel for nuclear power engineering, based on reducing of iron oxides by aluminum in the process of melting considered. As per authors opinion, since the carbon of coke was excluded out of the process of steel production by the technology, it results in exclusion of greenhouse gases emissions. The purpose of the work was to assess the carbon footprint of the technology taking into account emissions of carbon-containing gases in the previous processes. It was shown that steel production by the analyzed technology with metallic aluminum application for iron oxides reduction has a rather considerable carbon footprint despite the practical absence of carbon dioxide emissions directly in the process of its smelting. It is caused by a large volume of greenhouse gases emissions in the neighbored sectors of production of energy, raw materials and materials used for steel production and exceeds 4500 kg of carbon dioxide per 1 t of steel smelted by the technology. To assess the value of carbon footprint at creation of new and perfection of existing technological processes of goods production in ferrous metallurgy and other industries of economy, it was proposed to take into account its value along the whole chain of previous and neighbored production sectors.
Cleaning of concentrated emulsion sewage of electric-weld pipe lines
Authors: Galkin Yu. A. , Ulasovets E. A. , Obadin D. N. , Ermakov D. V. , Sharin A. N.
Published: October 2021

Existing processes of cleaning emulsion sewage are based on either physicochemical technology with application of complex of reagents – nonorganic electrolytes and organic flocculants, resulting in obtaining highly-mineralized purified water, which cannot be used for technical water supply, or based on complicated technologies of electrocoagulation and ultrafiltration. This required elaboration of a new technology and equipment for cleaning concentrated emulsion sewage, in particular, those containing emulsol of Wedolit EP-5 grade, used for hydro-mechanical expanders of electric-weld pipe lines. The technology stipulates a successive introduction of a reagent – suspension of alumo-silicate based hard-phased sorbent and solution of flocculant of cation type Praestol-650ВС – into emulsion sewage, their mixing with emulsion water in a definite mode, sedimental differentiation of the formed phases in a precipitator-flocculator “ЭП ОФ”, gravitation concentration and dewatering of the obtained sediment at vacuumfilter. The dewatered sediment can be utilized in cement industry and metallurgy. It was shown that application of the hard-phase sorbent does not result in an increase of mineralization of purified water and enables to use it for technical purposes. The group of companies “ECO-PROJECT”, Ekaterinburg, accomplished a project for Chelyabinsk pipe-rolling plant, elaboration and manufacturing of equipment, as well as commissioning and start-up of the equipment. The elaborated technical solutions in the process of equipment running showed a high efficiency and can be used as a base for creation of facilities of any productivity for cleaning multi-type emulsion sewage at enterprises of various industries.
Relationship between average maximum and average arbitrary reflection values of coals vitrinite
Authors: Zolotukhin Yu. A. , Kraskovskaya T. F. , Kuprygin V. V.
Published: October 2021

For a quantitative assessment of the degree of coalification of coals in different countries, either average arbitrary (R0,r) vitrinite reflectance or average maximum (R0,max) vitrinite reflectance are mainly used. Since these indicators differ markedly in magnitude, in many countries, equations of the relationship between them have been established relatively long time ago in order to compare correctly the technological properties of different coals of the same type by indicators R0,max or R0,r. For Russian coals, the relationship between the vitrinite reflection indices R0,max and R0,r has not yet been established. Based on the studies of 40 samples of coals from Russia (Kuznetsk Basin), equations of the relationship between the average maximum (R0,max) and average arbitrary (R0,r) reflection values of coals vitrinite were obtained, taking into account the degree of their genetic recovery. The accuracy of calculating the indicator R0,max through R0,r at that is higher when taking into account the degree of genetic recovery of coals, which was 0.03%, versus 0.04% without accounting it. To compare technological properties of Russian coals by the same type of indicators R0,max or R0,r with the coals of Australia, USA, Canada, Poland, Germany, the equations of the relationship between the average maximum (R0,max) and the average arbitrary (R0,r) vitrinite reflectance presented for the coals of these countries according to publications in scientific journals.
Verificaciones remotas, una alternativa a las inspecciones: estudio de caso en el uso de medidores nucleares en una refinería
Authors: Sánchez Galindo Andrea , Zuleta Ochoa Yonatan , Osorio Castrillón Carolina , Ramírez González Juan Guillermo
Published: October 2021

Las medidas de salud pública adoptadas para mitigar la propagación de la pandemia del Covid-19 han afectado la ejecución del control regulatorio en lo referente a la periodicidad de las inspecciones de instalaciones radiactivas. Se realiza un estudio de caso para identificar los aspectos del programa de protección radiológica de las instalaciones radiactivas que pueden ser verificados mediante visita remota por medio de herramientas tecnológicas, los beneficios de su realización y posibles limitaciones. Se escogió como instalación piloto la Refinería de Cartagena S.A.S., entidad autorizada en el territorio colombiano para el empleo de medidores nucleares. La visita remota se restringe a las verificaciones que tradicionalmente se basan en procedimientos presenciales como la comprobación del inventario de fuentes radiactivas, la medición de los niveles de radiación, las entrevistas al personal ocupacionalmente expuesto y la verificación de las disposiciones de protección radiológica. En la planificación de la visita remota fue necesario realizar varias mesas de trabajo entre la entidad explotadora y el grupo verificador con el fin de delimitar el alcance del estudio y seleccionar las herramientas tecnológicas y de comunicación. Durante la ejecución de la visita se presentaron inconvenientes de conectividad y restricciones de acceso por causas externas, pero aun así, fue posible realizar las verificaciones acorde al plan de visita y registrar las correspondientes evidencias. La adecuada planificación y la disponibilidad de recursos tecnológicos permiten que las verificaciones remotas pueden constituirse en una alternativa a las inspecciones de control regulatorio. De este modo, se facilita el cumplimiento de la función reguladora ante las medidas de salud pública adoptadas en medio de la pandemia como también optimizar el proceso de inspección, generar material de entrenamiento y fomentar la cultura de la seguridad. Se observa la conveniencia de realizar verificaciones remotas previo a la inspección convencional como una alternativa o complemento de esta.
The Rabbit and the Goat: A Trickster's Tale of Transnational Migration of Mayas to the United States of America (El Norte)
Authors: Montejo Victor
Published: October 2021

Victor Montejo analyzes and interprets this Maya folktale as a way of explaining current transnational migration and dislocation in Maya communities. Through the story and the discussion, we see the many aspects of Maya migration, Guatemalan ethnic relations, and the power of modern global capitalism. Written from the standpoint of the year 2009, “The Rabbit and the Goat” establishes a strong marker in time and allows the reader deep insights into the present.
GREEN VEGETABLE MARKET IN UKRAINE
Authors: Rud Viktoriia
Published: October 2021

The article provides a marketing review of the green crops market, analyzes expert-import operations and sales channels for this type of product. The ranking and grouping of the main types of vegetable and melon crops in Ukraine by the indicator of gross production is carried out. Thus, according to the State Statistics Committee, despite the fact that Ukraine produces more than 40 types of vegetable and melon crops, about 10 main vegetable and melon crops, which are in the first group, are grown in masse. Thus, the first group with a gross production of over 1 000 thousand tons included 11 crops: borscht, cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini and watermelon. The share of this segment in the total gross collection is 96.3%. The second group with a gross production of 100.1 to 1 000 thousand quintals includes such types of vegetable crops as melons, eggplants, sweet corn, leeks, green peas, cauliflower and broccoli, radishes, Chinese cabbage, green peppers. The group’s share in the total production structure is only 3.3%, and in the total sown area does not exceed 8%. The third group (with a gross production of up to 100 thousand centners) is a group of green vegetable crops. The share of this sector of the vegetable market does not reach 0.5% in gross fees. The range of uncommon crops in the markets of Ukraine, especially supermarkets is provided mainly through imports. The scientific novelty is that to study the attitude of consumers to green vegetable products, a sociological survey was conducted and an analysis of the main factors influencing the purchase of this type of product. It was found that when choosing a point of sale, such factors as location, service, quality of service in places of purchase of green products, range, staff qualifications, etc. have a great influence on consumer behavior. The advantages and disadvantages of individual sales channels of greenery are analyzed. The advantages include: convenience, territorial proximity, wide range, price flexibility, product quality, its freshness, etc. Neoliks include: lack of certificates for products, narrow range and unsatisfactory sanitary conditions of trade places. It is found out that at formation of effective model of innovative development of branch of vegetable growing it is necessary to apply the newest methods of selection, new grades and hybrids which have high productive potential, to introduce scientifically proved systems of cultivation and seed production, to master new segments of green cultures and microgreens. The article identifies the main problems and identifies priority areas for the development of the market of green crops for the future.
Improving Dyeing Properties of Cotton Fabrics to Natural Dyes with Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) [Mejora de las propiedades de teñido de telas de algodón a tintes naturales con nanocristales de celulosa (CNC)]
Authors: Samarawickrama Rumesh , Wijayapala U.G.S. , Wanasekara N.D. , Fernando C.A.N.
Published: October 2021

Natural dyes can make less environmental problems associated with manufactured colouring agents and textile dyeing. But, the natural dyes fixing process was used chemicals called mordant. The most of times mordants were used metallic salts and metal salts mordants were not environmentally friendly. Therefore, remove the disadvantage associated with natural colorants and the use of nanoparticles. In this research, cotton fabric was treated with the nanoparticle of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as mordant. The cellulose nanocrystals extraction process was done by using Whatman filter paper. The cellulose nanocrystals obtained will be further analyzed and characterized by using selected tools such as Particle size analysis and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The cotton fabrics mordanting processes were done by two types of pre-mordanting and post-mordanting methods. The three natural ingredients of Mangifera indica (Mango) leaves, Tectona grandis (Teak) leaves and Lannea coromandelica (Indian ash tree) leaves were used to extract the natural dyes using with aqueous extraction method. The extracts from dyeing processes were carried out after and before mordanting processes. The dyed sample from colour fastness to light, washing, and crocking were assessed according to standard methods. The cellulose nanocrystals gave very good colour fastness to light, wash, and rubbing when dyed with all three dye extractions. In the present study, innovative mordant of cellulose nanocrystals and natural dyeing with three natural dye extractions have been shown to give good dyeing results with cotton fabric.
Analisis Tingkat Efektivitas Sistem Informasi Akademik IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung
Authors: Rahman Priyanggo Karunia , ETP Lussiana
Published: October 2021

IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung implements an academic information system at located at http://ecampus.iainsasbabel.ac.id. In the academic system, there is some information that can be obtained by students. All menus contained in the academic system of IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung are very beneficial for the campus, especially for students. With regard, it is necessary to measure the level of effectiveness of the academic information system application IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung. To measure the level of effectiveness of the academic information system IAIN SAS Bangka Belitung then used standard the ISO 9126 with indicators of Functionality, Reliability, Usability, and Efficiency. The results showed that the four indicators of the standard ISO 9126 provide sufficiently effective, and efficient for the students in the use of Academic Information Systems.

 

IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung menerapkan sistem informasi akademik yang beralamat http://ecampus.iainsasbabel.ac.id. Di dalam sistem informasi akademik ini terdapat beberapa informasi yang bisa didapat oleh mahasiswa. Seluruh menu yang terdapat dalam sistem akademik IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung yang disiapkan sangat bermanfaat bagi kampus terutama bagi mahasiswa. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut perlu diukur tingkat efektivitas dari aplikasi sistem informasi akademik IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung. Untuk mengukur tingkat efektivitas sistem informasi akademik IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung digunakan standart ISO 9126 dengan indikator Functionality, Reliability, Usability dan Efficiency. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa empat variabel ISO 9126 memberikan hasil cukup efektif dan efisien bagi mahasiswa dalam penggunaan Sistem Informasi Akademik.
The Effect of Corporate Governance Mechanism, Company Size, Financial Performance, and Environmental Performance On Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure
Authors: Devi Annisa Cempaka , Tanno Aries , Misra Fauzan
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the size of the board of commissioners, the independence of the board of commissioners, the audit committee, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, company size, profitability, and environmental performance on the disclosure of Islamic social reporting in companies listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index. The population of this study consisted of all companies listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index in the period 2014 – 2019. The total sample used in this study was 60 companies. Then, the data were tested using the multiple regression method. The results showed that the size of the board of commissioners, audit committee, firm size, profitability affect the disclosure of Islamic social reporting, while the independent variables of the board of commissioners, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and environmental performance do not affect the disclosure of Islamic social reporting.
Analisis Rasio Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Kota Medan Tahun 2014-2018
Authors: Junaidi Listya Devi , Anan Malesa
Published: October 2021

It is very important to measure financial performance to assess the accountability of local governments in managing regional finances. Accountability is not just the ability to show how public money is spent but includes the ability to show how public money is spent efficiently, effectively and economically. The problem that is currently being faced by the Medan City Government is the fluctuating percentage of PAD achievement of the Medan City Government from 2014 – 2018. This study aims to determine the financial performance of Medan City measured based on the Regional Financial Independence Ratio Analysis, PAD Effectiveness Ratio, PAD Efficiency Ratio, Ratio Degree of Fiscal Decentralization, Growth Ratio and Harmony Ratio for the period 2014-2018. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method that is doing calculations on the financial data obtained to solve problems that occur by analyzing the ratio of regional financial independence, PAD effectiveness ratio, PAD efficiency ratio, fiscal decentralization degree ratio, growth ratio and compatibility ratio. The results of this study indicate that the financial performance of the Medan City Government is quite good from the aspect of independence with the "participatory" category, then from the aspect of the effectiveness ratio and efficiency ratio, it is still necessary to pay attention again because the average ratio results show the category of being less effective and less efficient. On the aspect of the degree of decentralization, the results show a "medium" category where the amount of PAD contributes quite well to regional income in Pemko Medan. The resulting compatibility ratio shows that the percentage of the use of APBD for operational expenditure is higher at 76.7% compared to capital expenditure, which is 23.2%. The results of the regional income and expenditure growth ratio in the Medan City Government have decreased and increased every year.
Karakteristik Mutu Organoleptik Seduhan Bubuk Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) Dengan Suhu Penyangraian Yang Berbeda
Authors: Marpaung Ridawati , Hayata Hayata , Ayu Yuni Putri
Published: October 2021

This research is entitled : Organoleptic Quality Characteristics of  Robusta Coffee ( Coffea canephora )  Brewing with Different Roasting Temperatures. Implementation treatment and organoleptic tests this research  at the Faculty of Agriculture UNBARI Jambi in March-August 2021 . The environmental design used in this study was a completely randomized design. The treatment design consisted of different roasting temperatures, with 4 levels of roasting temperature, as follows:  p1 = roasted at 180 0 C ; p 2 =  roasted with a temperature of 2000 C ; p 3 = roasted at a temperature of 220 0 C   and p 4 = roasted at a temperature of 240 0 C . Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that there were 12 experimental units .The observed variables of steeping coffee grounds in this research were : color, aroma, taste, bitterness, pH and water content of coffee grounds. To see the effect of different roasting temperatures, statistical analysis was carried out: the variables of color, aroma, taste, bitterness, and preference were carried out by a perception test with a 5-scale Likert scale then tabulated the data, followed by analysis of variance, then continued with the DNMRT test at level 5 %. While testing the pH and moisture content of coffee grounds was  analysis of variance and further test of DNMRT at the level of 5%. Roasting coffee beans at a temperature of 240 0 C, resulted in the highest organoleptic assessment of brewing coffee grounds in terms of color, aroma, taste, bitterness, preference, pH, and water content.
Mendalami Informasi dengan Bertabayyun Menurut Al-Qur’an di Tinjau Dari Tafsir Klasik dan Kontemporer
Authors: Abdul Kadir Sulhi M. Daud , Vahlepi Sahrizal
Published: October 2021

today social media is an effective, transparent and efficient communication medium. the approach used in this research is a qualitative approach, with the type of research library research. The primary data sources in this study are the books of commentary (Ibn Jarir Ath-Thobari, Ibn Kathir, Al-Misbah, and Al-Azhar) and secondary data on theses, journals, and articles that discuss tabayyun, as well as dictionaries, and books related to tabayyun. which is relevant. The results of this study conclude that according to various opinions of mufassir from classical and contemporary circles, namely 1) There is a prohibition on hasty in taking action on a news 2) Fasiq is a liar and makes mistakes or is damaged. 3) Every news must be filtered so that they do not step or act in an unnatural situation. 4) The information that comes is not justified or rejected, but the truth must be investigated first
PERAN KEPOLISIAN DALAM MENANGANI KASUS TRADISI PENERBANGAN BALON UDARA DI PONOROGO
Authors: Zaid Zaid , Wardana Ferdin Okta
Published: October 2021

This study aims to reveal how the role of the police in handling the case of the traditional hot air balloon flight in Ponorogo which includes law enforcement, obstacles experienced, and future concepts based on the perspective of the police. Therefore, this research will be juridical and empirical by using a statutory and qualitative approach. After processing data using qualitative analysis, the results of this study reveal that the police have the authority to enforce the law against anyone who violates the order, safety, or laws and regulations. It's just that in matters of investigation, the police hand over the authority to the Civil Investigating Officer (PPNS) in the field of aviation. In addition, the police in each sector in Ponorogo Regency also have difficulties or obstacles, the majority of which are making tradition and lack of knowledge from the community and the lack of the role of local government as the main factors. Therefore, even the police, in this case, do not expect that this tradition should be eliminated, it's just that in the future there must be strict supervision and control so that the practice of this hot air balloon flight tradition does not endanger the safety and security of anyone and does not violate applicable laws.
PROSES KONTRUKSI PENGETAHUAN SISWA DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF FIELD DEPENDENT PADA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SMA NEGERI 8 KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Dewi Sri
Published: October 2021

Setiap siswa memiliki kekhasan karakter  tersendiri dengan kemampuan dan cara belajarnya yang berbeda dengan siswa lainnya dalam memproses dan menyusun  pengetahuannya. Dalam menyusun pengetahuan, siswa yang memiliki gaya kognitif  field dependent memproses informasi dari lingkungannya, kemudian merepresentasikannya di dalam pikirannya sehingga menjadi bentuk skema-skema yang bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses konstruksi pengetahuan siswa ditinjau dari gaya kognitif field dependent dalam memahami materi trigonometri pada mata pelajaran matematika di SMA Negeri 8 Kota Jambi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang menggunakan metodologi penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X yang memiliki gaya kognitif field dependent yang didasarkan pada hasil tes penentuan gaya kognitif. Teknik pemilihan subjek penelitian yang digunakan adalah teknik snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua  proses konstruksi pengetahuan yang dibentuk oleh SA dan SB dimulai dari informasi yang dibaca melalui lembar pencerap informasi yang datang sesuai dengan skema yang dimiliki oleh SA dan SB yang kemudian digunakan untuk membentuk konstruksi pengetahuan selanjutnya yang sesuai dengan langkah-langkah Taksonomi Bloom
Studi Kualitatif Praktik Kesehatan Selama Menstruasi Pada Siswi MTS 01 Pondok Pesantren Darussalam
Authors: Misniarti Misniarti , Haryani Sri
Published: October 2021

Health practices during menstruation are an important issue. These practices consist of garbage disposal, water sanitation, and student behavior during menstruation. If the practice is not carried out properly, it will have a negative impact on the physical health and reproductive health of adolescents. This study aims to determine health practices during menstruation in female students at the Darussalam Islamic Boarding School in Kepahiang Regency. The method used is a qualitative study with a phenomenalogy approach. The sample consisted of 7 students who have experienced 6 menstrual periods and are willing to become informants, 1 UKS officer graduated from nursing school and 2 boarders who live in the dormitory. The analysis used is the Colaizzi technique. The results of this study obtained three themes, namely personal hygiene practice, exercise practice and fulfillment of nutrition during menstruation. The conclusion of this study is that the personal hygiene practices of most informants have been done correctly. Most of the informants did not exercise and inadequate fulfillment of nutrition during menstruation. Based on the results of this study, nurses who one of them role as education providers should hold educational classes for teachers, mothers and female students about adolescent problems and proper care, prepare independent educational materials that focus on personal hygiene practices, exercise and fulfillment of nutrition during menstrual period.
ARTISTIC RESEARCH: THE THOUGHTS AND IDEAS OF MIKA HANNULA
Authors: Guntur Guntur
Published: October 2021

This paper is a review of the thoughts and ideas of Mika Hannula presented in his book Artistic Research: Theories, Methods, and Practices. As its title indicates, this book discusses artistic research, specifically related to the theories, methods, and practices of its implementation. In this paper the writer attempts to review: the urgency of artistic research, the philosophical foundations of artistic research, artistic research and science, epistemology and axiology, methodology of artistic research, and its expediency and guidelines for use in art research.
Either IL-7 activation of JAK-STAT or BEZ inhibition of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways dominates the single-cell phosphosignature of ex vivo treated pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Kuzilková Daniela , Bugarin Cristina , Rejlova Katerina , Schulz Axel R. , Mei Henrik E. , Paganin Maddalena , Biffi Alessandra , Biondi Andrea , Kalina Tomas , Gaipa Giuseppe
Published: October 2021

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive cancer arising from lymphoblasts of T-cell origin. While TALL accounts for only 15% of childhood and 25% of adult ALL, 30% of patients relapse with a poor outcome. Targeted therapy of resistant and high-risk pediatric T-ALL is therefore urgently needed, together with precision medicine tools allowing the testing of efficacy in patient samples. Furthermore, leukemic cell heterogeneity requires drug response assessment at the single-cell level. Here we used single-cell mass cytometry to study signal transduction pathways such as JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT-mTOR and MEK-ERK in 16 diagnostic and five relapsed T-ALL primary samples, and investigated the in vitro response of cells to Interleukin-7 (IL-7) and the inhibitor BEZ-235. T-ALL cells showed upregulated activity of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and MEK-ERK pathways and increased expression of proliferation and translation markers. We found that perturbation induced by the ex vivo administration of either IL-7 or BEZ-235 reveals a high degree of exclusivity with respect to the phospho-protein responsiveness to these agents. Notably, these response signatures were maintained from diagnosis to relapse in individual patients. In conclusion, we demonstrated the power of mass cytometry single-cell profiling of signal transduction pathways in T-ALL. Taking advantage of this advanced approach, we were able to identify distinct clusters with different responsiveness to IL-7 and BEZ-235 that can persist at relapse. Collectively our observations can contribute to a better understanding of the complex signaling network governing T-ALL behavior and its correlation with influence on the response to therapy.
Apoptosis reprogramming triggered by splicing inhibitors sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to Venetoclax treatment
Authors: Soncini Debora , Martinuzzi Claudia , Becherini Pamela , Gelli Elisa , Ruberti Samantha , Todoerti Katia , Mastracci Luca , Contini Paola , Cagnetta Antonia , Laudisi Antonella , Guolo Fabio , Minetto Paola , Miglino Maurizio , Aquino Sara , Varaldo Riccardo , Reverberi Daniele , Formica Matteo , Passalacqua Mario , Nencioni Alessio , Neri Antonino , Samur Mehmet K. , Munshi Nikhil C. , Fulciniti Mariateresa , Lemoli Roberto M. , Cea Michele
Published: October 2021

Identification of novel vulnerabilities in the context of therapeutic resistance is emerging as a key challenge for cancer treatment. Recent studies have detected pervasive aberrant splicing in cancer cells, supporting its targeting for novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we evaluated the expression of several spliceosome machinery components in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and the impact of splicing modulation on tumor cell growth and viability. A comprehensive gene expression analysis confirmed the reported deregulation of spliceosome machinery components in MM cells, compared to normal plasma cells from healthy donors, with its pharmacological and genetic modulation resulting in impaired growth and survival of MM cell lines and patient-derived malignant plasma cells. Consistent with this, transcriptomic analysis revealed deregulation of BCL2 family members, including decrease of anti-apoptotic long form of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1) expression, as crucial for “priming” MM cells for Venetoclax activity in vitro and in vivo, irrespective of t(11;14) status. Overall, our data provide a rationale for supporting the clinical use of splicing modulators as a strategy to reprogram apoptotic dependencies and make all MM patients more vulnerable to BCL2 inhibitors.
Implementasi Model Poin Counter Point untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia Siswa di SMP Negeri 4 Mataram
Authors: Sumiati Siti
Published: October 2021

This study aims to analyze the application of the Point Counter Point learning model (opinion debate) in an effort to increase students' motivation and learning outcomes in Indonesian. This research method uses classroom action research which is carried out in two cycles, each activity cycle is; planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII-2 SMP Negeri 4 Mataram, totaling 32 people. This research instrument uses observation, documentation and tests. While the data analysis technique used descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the application of the Point Counter Point model (opinion debate) can increase students' motivation and learning outcomes. The research data shows that the average score of students' learning motivation in the first cycle (3.38), while in the second cycle (4.31), while the learning outcomes in the first cycle (66.67) and cycle II (79.86) have exceed the established success indicators.
Seasonal estuarine movements of green crabs revealed by acoustic telemetry
Authors: Zarrella-Smith KA , Woodall JN , Ryan A , Furey NB , Goldstein JS
Published: October 2021

Green crabsCarcinus maenasare considered among the most influential invasive species in temperate estuaries worldwide. Yet management can be hindered by the lack of high-resolution data on green crab movement ecology. We addressed this knowledge gap by coupling passive acoustic telemetry and water quality monitoring to examine daily and seasonal movements of individual green crabs in the Webhannet River Estuary (Maine, USA). We tracked 22 adult green crabs (mean [±SD] carapace width = 63.8 ± 6.5 mm) between 2 successive tagging deployments from July 2018-January 2019, with one receiver maintained until mid-April 2019. Overall, our study demonstrated the viability of using acoustic telemetry to assess seasonal movements of green crabs, with an average (±SE) individual detection rate of 27.9 ± 2.8 detections h-1from July-January. Most crabs remained localized to very specific regions of the estuary, with each region representing a 300-600 m linear distance. Logistic regression models indicated that movements by green crabs to the downstream area were associated with a shift in temperature below 10°C, regardless of sex. From January-April 2019, 9 crabs were found to overwinter in the downstream area, potentially taking refuge in deeper waters. Movement patterns identified in this study further contribute to our understanding of the distances traveled and the areas used by green crabs, as well as further resolve overwintering behavior with consequences for mortality risk due to low temperatures. This additional knowledge of adult green crab movement and dispersal dynamics is valuable to resource managers considering intervention strategies.
DEGRADABILIDAD Y CINÉTICA RUMINAL IN SITU DE LA CÁSCARA DE TRES VARIEDADES DE MARACUYÁ (Passiflora edulis)
Authors:   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Espinoza Guerra Italo Fernando , Barrera Alvarez Alexandra Elizabeth ,   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Montenegro Vivas León Bolívar ,   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Romero Gairacoa Diego ,   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo
Published: October 2021

e estudió la degradabilidad y cinética ruminal in situ de Materia seca (MS) en tres residuos de variedades de maracuyá; T1: amarilla, T2: roja y T3: amarilla y roja. Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres tratamientos y tres bloques (bovinos con rumen fistulado), en siete tiempos de incubación 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 72 horas, para las diferencias entre medias de tratamientos se usó la prueba de Tukey (P<0,05). La degradabilidad in situ de la MS de todos los tratamientos fue similar hasta las 24 horas, a partir de las 48 y 72 horas de incubación en el rumen, el T2 superó al tratamiento T1 y T3 (66,85 y 54,06%). En la cinética ruminal, el T1 fue significativo en la fracción soluble (A) con 10,09%, empero el T2 fue superior en la fracción potencialmente degradable (B) con 57,27%, mientras, la tasa de velocidad de degradación ruminal (c) fue similar en todos los tratamientos (0,50). Sin embargo, en el análisis de potencial de degradación ruminal (A+B) fue superado por el T2 (62,01%) seguido del T3 y T1 (56,73 y 53,55%). En cuanto a la tasa de pasaje (k0.02) el T2 fue superior con 46,06% al 2%/hora.
A Selective Review of the Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance in Schizophrenia: Underlying Biology, Genetics, Microcircuits, and Symptoms
Authors: Liu Yi , Ouyang Pan , Zheng Yingjun , Mi Lin , Zhao Jingping , Ning Yuping , Guo Wenbin
Published: October 2021

Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder characterized by specific positive and negative primary symptoms, social behavior disturbances and cognitive deficits (e.g., impairment in working memory and cognitive flexibility). Mounting evidence suggests that altered excitability and inhibition at the molecular, cellular, circuit and network level might be the basis for the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. In the past decades, human and animal studies have identified that glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmissions are critically involved in several cognitive progresses, including learning and memory. The purpose of this review is, by analyzing emerging findings relating to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory, ranging from animal models of schizophrenia to clinical studies in patients with early onset, first-episode or chronic schizophrenia, to discuss how the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance may relate to the pathophysiology of disease phenotypes such as cognitive deficits and negative symptoms, and highlight directions for appropriate therapeutic strategies.
Bacterial Infections Affect Male Fertility: A Focus on the Oxidative Stress-Autophagy Axis
Authors: Wang Sutian , Zhang Kunli , Yao Yuchang , Li Jianhao , Deng Shoulong
Published: October 2021

Numerous factors trigger male infertility, including lifestyle, the environment, health, medical resources and pathogenic microorganism infections. Bacterial infections of the male reproductive system can cause various reproductive diseases. Several male reproductive organs, such as the testicles, have unique immune functions that protect the germ cells from damage. In the reproductive system, immune cells can recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns carried by pathogenic microorganisms and activate the host’s innate immune response. Furthermore, bacterial infections can lead to oxidative stress through multiple signaling pathways. Many studies have revealed that oxidative stress serves dual functions: moderate oxidative stress can help clear the invaders and maintain sperm motility, but excessive oxidative stress will induce host damage. Additionally, oxidative stress is always accompanied by autophagy which can also help maintain host homeostasis. Male reproductive system homeostasis disequilibrium can cause inflammation of the genitourinary system, influence spermatogenesis, and even lead to infertility. Here, we focus on the effect of oxidative stress and autophagy on bacterial infection in the male reproductive system, and we also explore the crosslink between oxidative stress and autophagy during this process.
Clemastine Ameliorates Myelin Deficits via Preventing Senescence of Oligodendrocytes Precursor Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mouse
Authors: Xie Yuan-Yuan , Pan Ting-Ting , Xu De-en , Huang Xin , Tang Yong , Huang Wenhui , Chen Rui , Lu Li , Chi Hao , Ma Quan-Hong
Published: October 2021

Disrupted myelin and impaired myelin repair have been observed in the brains of patients and various mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Clemastine, an H1-antihistamine, shows the capability to induce oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and myelin formation under different neuropathological conditions featuring demyelination via the antagonism of M1 muscarinic receptor. In this study, we investigated if aged APPSwe/PS1dE9 mice, a model of AD, can benefit from chronic clemastine treatment. We found the treatment reduced brain amyloid-beta deposition and rescued the short-term memory deficit of the mice. The densities of OPCs, oligodendrocytes, and myelin were enhanced upon the treatment, whereas the levels of degraded MBP were reduced, a marker for degenerated myelin. In addition, we also suggest the role of clemastine in preventing OPCs from entering the state of cellular senescence, which was shown recently as an essential causal factor in AD pathogenesis. Thus, clemastine exhibits therapeutic potential in AD via preventing senescence of OPCs.
Syndromic Deafness Gene ATP6V1B2 Controls Degeneration of Spiral Ganglion Neurons Through Modulating Proton Flux
Authors: Qiu Shiwei , Zhao Weihao , Gao Xue , Li Dapeng , Wang Weiqian , Gao Bo , Han Weiju , Yang Shiming , Dai Pu , Cao Peng , Yuan Yongyi
Published: October 2021

ATP6V1B2 encodes the V1B2 subunit in V-ATPase, a proton pump responsible for the acidification of lysosomes. Mutations in this gene cause DDOD syndrome, DOORS syndrome, and Zimmermann–Laband syndrome, which share overlapping feature of congenital sensorineural deafness, onychodystrophy, and different extents of intellectual disability without or with epilepsy. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the pathological role of mutant ATP6V1B2 in the auditory system, we evaluated auditory brainstem response, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, in a transgenic line of mice carrying c.1516 C > T (p.Arg506∗) in Atp6v1b2, Atp6v1b2Arg506*/Arg506*. To explore the pathogenic mechanism of neurodegeneration in the auditory pathway, immunostaining, western blotting, and RNAscope analyses were performed in Atp6v1b2Arg506*/Arg506* mice. The Atp6v1b2Arg506*/Arg506* mice showed hidden hearing loss (HHL) at early stages and developed late-onset hearing loss. We observed increased transcription of Atp6v1b1 in hair cells of Atp6v1b2Arg506*/Arg506* mice and inferred that Atp6v1b1 compensated for the Atp6v1b2 dysfunction by increasing its own transcription level. Genetic compensation in hair cells explains the milder hearing impairment in Atp6v1b2Arg506*/Arg506* mice. Apoptosis activated by lysosomal dysfunction and the subsequent blockade of autophagic flux induced the degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons and further impaired the hearing. Intraperitoneal administration of the apoptosis inhibitor, BIP-V5, improved both phenotypical and pathological outcomes in two live mutant mice. Based on the pathogenesis underlying hearing loss in Atp6v1b2-related syndromes, systemic drug administration to inhibit apoptosis might be an option for restoring the function of spiral ganglion neurons and promoting hearing, which provides a direction for future treatment.
Study of Cu Electrochemical Polishing Mechanism With Observation of Water Acceptor Diffusion
Authors: Park Kimoon , Lee Jinhyun , Kim Youjung , Yoon Sangwha , Yoo Bongyoung
Published: October 2021

The salt-film and water acceptor mechanisms were generally accepted mechanisms for Cu electrochemical polishing (ECP) theory. These mechanisms of Cu ECP are still controversial for a long time. Conventional and new electrochemical analysis methods were used to investigate the mechanisms and behaviors of Cu electrochemical polishing. Two cases of Cu dissolution, with and without polishing, were classified by results of linear scan voltammetry (LSV) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed the main difference in these two cases was in the low-frequency region. However, it was hard to distinguish between the salt-film and water acceptor mechanisms by conventional electrochemical analysis. A scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) system, a new electrochemical analysis method that measures the electrolysis currents of the water acceptors along with a set distance from the substrate, was used to investigate the Cu ECP mechanism. Accordingly, the diffusion of the water acceptors was successfully confirmed for the first time. Finally, the mechanisms of the Cu ECP are definitively described by using all analysis results.
Reprocessing 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing Studies: (Meta)Data Issues, Robustness, and Reproducibility
Authors: Kang Xiongbin , Deng Dong Mei , Crielaard Wim , Brandt Bernd W.
Published: October 2021

High-throughput sequencing technology provides an efficient method for evaluating microbial ecology. Different bioinformatics pipelines can be used to convert 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing data into an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) table that is used to analyze microbial communities. It is important to assess the robustness of these pipelines, each with specific algorithms and/or parameters, and their influence on the outcome of statistical tests. Articles with publicly available datasets on the oral microbiome were searched for, and five datasets were retrieved. These were from studies on changes in microbiota related to smoking, oral cancer, caries, diabetes, or periodontitis. Next, the data was processed with four pipelines based on VSEARCH, USEARCH, mothur, and UNOISE3. OTU tables were rarefied, and differences in α-diversity and β-diversity were tested for different groups in a dataset. Finally, these results were checked for consistency among these example pipelines. Of articles that deposited data, only 57% made all sequencing and metadata available. When processing the datasets, issues were encountered, caused by read characteristics and differences between tools and their defaults in combination with a lack of detail in the methodology of the articles. In general, the four mainstream pipelines provided similar results, but importantly, P-values sometimes differed between pipelines beyond the significance threshold. Our results indicated that for published articles, the description of bioinformatics methods and data deposition should be improved, and regarding reproducibility, that analysis of multiple subsamples is required when using rarefying as library-size normalization method.
Investigation of the Anisotropic Patterns in the Altimeter Backscatter Measurements Over Ocean Wave Surfaces
Authors: Xu Xi-Yu , Xu Ke , Jiang Maofei , Geng Bingxu , Shi Lingwei
Published: October 2021

This article attempts to analyze the influence of the anisotropic effects of the ocean wave surface on SAR altimetry backscatter coefficient (Sigma-0) measurements, which has not been intensively addressed in publications. Data of Sentinel-3A, Cryosat-2, and Jason-3 altimeters allocated by the WW3 numeric wave model were analyzed, and the patterns of Sigma-0 with respect to the wave direction were acquired under ∼2 m significant wave height. The ocean waves were classified into six categories, among which the moderate swell and short win-wave cases were analyzed intensively. Swell-dominated ocean surface shows less randomness than the wind-wave-dominated ocean surface. Clear and significant sinusoid trends are found in the Sigma-0 and SSB patterns of both operational modes (SAR mode and PLRM mode) of the Sentinel-3A altimeter for the moderate swell case, indicating the sensitivity of Sigma-0 and SSB measurements to the anisotropic features of the altimeter measurements. The anisotropic pattern in the Sentinel-3A PLRM Sigma-0 is somewhat counterintuitive, but the analysis of Jason-3 altimeter data would show similar results. Additionally, by comparing the anisotropic patterns of two orthogonally polarized SAR altimeters (Sentinel-3A and Cryosat-2), we could draw the conclusion that the Sigma-0 measurements are not sensitive to the polarization mode. As for the SSHA patterns, no clear sinusoid could be identified for the moderate swell. A possible explanation is that the SSB pattern may be overwhelmed in the complicated factors that can influence the SSHA pattern.