bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of risk and prognosis in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Stepanenko I. A. , Mirzoyan N. A. , Ruban A. V. , Sopova D. I. , Salukhov V. V. , Tarasov V. A.
Published: November 2024

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common forms of arrhythmia and is associated with an increased risk of stroke, thromboembolism, and increased mortality among patients with cardiovascular disease. Identifying patients at high risk of developing atrial fibrillation and predicting the likelihood of acute cerebrovascular accidents of cardioembolic origin, as well as other thromboembolic complications, is key to optimizing treatment strategies and preventing complications. This article provides a comprehensive review of existing and new biomarkers used to assess the risk of onset and recurrence of atrial fibrillation, as well as to assess the safety of anticoagulation therapy for this arrhythmia. Genetic, inflammatory and metabolic markers are discussed in detail, as well as the role of oxidative stress in the context of pathophysiological processes, clinical manifestations of the disease and its complications. Particular attention is paid to the evaluation of markers that can be used to predict adverse outcomes and improve diagnostic accuracy. Limitations in the ability to routinely and widely use both existing and promising biomarkers are discussed. Their clinical significance, cost-effectiveness and possibilities for integration into everyday clinical practice are considered. The need for standardization of approaches to the comprehensive assessment of biomarkers, the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the development of individualized approaches to the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation, including the use of biomarker data, are emphasized. Optimizing approaches to assessing patients with atrial fibrillation using current and promising biomarkers can help overcome existing limitations and facilitate their implementation in clinical practice, which in turn will improve diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients.
The short- and long-term results of therapy of surgical diabetic foot patients
Authors: Salukhov V. V. , Zelenina T. A. , Akhmedova K. S. , Mereschenko D. A. , Ismailov D. D. , Lipin A. N. , Borisov A. G. , Khokhlova I. M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The arterial limb threating is the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations in diabetic foot patients. The breakthrough in the treatment of this group of patients was the widespread introduction of transluminal balloon angioplasty (TLBA) of the arteries of the lower extremities.

Aim. To evaluate the results of the surgical treatment of the patients with diabetic neuro ischemic foot syndrome according the data of Government Center of Limb Salvation in 2022–2023 years.

Materials and methods. The study presents a retrospective analysis of medical documentations and the results of a survey one year after discharge from the hospital of 180 patients.

Results. The arterial limb threating is observed in equal frequency in both men with diabetes and women at a relatively young age (66.0 ± 12.8 years). The glycemic control in most patients is above the target values. Various groups of sugar-lowering drugs are widely used. More than a third of patients with CKD suffer from CKD with GFR less than 60 ml/min, however inSGLT-2 are used in slightly more than 15% of cases. The damages of the lower extremities arteries below the knee are observed in the most of cases. Every third patient has the occlusion/hemodynamically significant stenosis of the femoral and tibia arteries. The method of choosing revascularization is TLBA the lower extremities arteries without stenting, hybrid operations are performed in up to 10% of cases in the hospital. During the first year of follow up the 21.2% of the patients have recurrences of the ischemic tissue lesions of the feet including revascularization. The recurrences of the ischemic tissue lesions of the feet after surgical approach are revealed in 9% cases only. There are TLBA in all other cases. The mortality rate is 9.6 cases per 100 patients per year.

Conclusion. The patients after revascularization for the neuro-ischemic diabetic foot tissue loss and limb salvage remain at high risk of both mortality and recurrence of arterial limb threating in the early and delayed follow up.
Modern views on pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Demidova T. Yu. , Teplova A. S. , Yarmanova V. O.
Published: November 2024

Currently, the features of the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus are being actively studied. The study of the mutual influence of these pathologies is of particular relevant not only in connection with a decrease in cognitive functions in patients with diabetes mellitus, but also due to the fact that the management of diabetes mellitus requires a thorough approach to the implementation of doctor’s recommendations and self-control on the part of the patient himself. The degree of cognitive impairment has a direct impact on patient compliance and, consequently, on the management and control of the disease. A comprehensive strategy is necessary for the prevention and progression of cognitive impairments in patients with diabetes mellitus. This strategy should include minimizing modifiable risk factors, controlling comorbidities, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, following a diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and medication therapy. Also, one of the key aspects is the control of blood glucose levels. Regular monitoring and maintaining a stable level of sugar can significantly reduce the risk of developing cognitive impairments in diabetic patients. This review also analyzes the effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs, incretin-based therapy and insulin on the risk of developing cognitive impairments. This review examines important aspects of the role of pathogenetic links and clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the development of cognitive impairment and the possibility of influencing their development and rate of progression. Understanding these relationships will help develop effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairments in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Modern aspects of therapy of metabolic associated liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bulgakova S. V. , Dolgikh Yu. A. , Sharonova L. A. , Kosareva O. V. , Treneva E. V. , Merzlova P. Ya. , Kurmayev D. P.
Published: November 2024

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is currently the most common liver disease. The main risk factors for its development are poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle and obesity. MAFLD is associated with various cardiometabolic conditions – lipid metabolism disorders, cardiovascular pathology and carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The association of MAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is common among patients, since these diseases have a common pathogenesis link – insulin resistance. The combination of these diseases has a mutual negative effect on each other and increases the risks of cardiovascular diseases, hospitalizations, as well as the risks of liver fibrosis progression. Therefore, the detection of MAFLD and its treatment in type 2 DM are extremely important to improve the patient’s prognosis. Diagnostics of MAFLD includes laboratory and instrumental research methods. The “gold standard” of diagnostics is considered to be liver biopsy, but due to the fact that this method is invasive, it is rarely used and only for differential diagnostics of MAFLD with other liver pathologies. The most accessible instrumental method for detecting liver steatosis is ultrasound. Treatment of MAFLD primarily involves lifestyle changes (rational nutrition with limitation of simple carbohydrates and animal fats, adequate physical activity) and weight loss. Also, hypoglycemic drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes (metformin, pioglitazone, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists) can have a certain positive effect on MAFLD. Essential phospholipids, which have membrane-stabilizing, antioxidant and antifibrotic effects, are also an important component of MAFLD treatment. A number of domestic and foreign studies have shown the high efficiency of Essential Phospholipids both in relation to biochemical parameters in patients with a combination of type 2 diabetes and MAFLD, and in relation to ultrasound signs, improving the function and structure of the liver in MAFLD, as well as slowing the progression of liver fibrosis.
Acquired long QT interval syndrome as a predictor of sudden cardiac death: Causes, diagnostic criteria, and management strategy
Authors: Skvortsov V. V. , Kolomytsev V. V. , Goryunova L. V.
Published: November 2024

Despite medical advances in diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Sudden cardiac death, an extreme and irreversible outcome of cardiac arrest, is observed in 50% of cases and is often the first suddenly detected pathology. Long QT syndrome is a variant of electrical heart disease resulting from both congenital and acquired dysfunction and/or regulation of cardiomyocyte ion channels, accompanied by impaired depolarization and repolarization of the ventricular myocardium and characterized by QT prolongation and T abnormalities on the electrocardiogram, clinically accompanied by syncope, bidirectional spindle ventricular tachycardia of the “pirouette” type (torsade de pointes), associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death or sudden arrhythmic death syndrome. Effective management of these patients requires an individualized approach: careful examination, calculation of corrected QT, determination of typology (hereditary or acquired syndrome), risk assessment using the Tisdale scale, and selection of optimal therapy. Treatment should be comprehensive and include pharmacological (beta-adrenergic blockers, correction of electrolyte balance) and surgical (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and left-sided thoracic sympathetic denervation of the heart), lifestyle (avoidance of drugs that contribute to prolongation of the QT interval, avoidance of specific arrhythmia triggers (active swimming, exposure to loud noises)) and regular consultation with a cardiologist. Early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach are key to successful prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with Long QT syndrome.
Significant regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patient with arterial hypertension during antihypertensive treatment with perindopril and atorvastatin
Authors: Taradin G. G. , Rakitskaya I. V. , Prikolota A. V. , Monogarova N. E. , Bagriy V. A. , Martynenko A. Yu.
Published: November 2024

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular events and serves as a justified goal for antihypertensive therapy. The article presents follow-up of a 60-year-old female with AH, hyperlipidemia, and discovered of LVH on the data of electrocardiography and echocardiography. In addition to the SokolowLyon and Cornell voltage criteria, the baseline echocardiographic examination revealed and increase in thickness of the ventricular septum and the left ventricular (LV) posterior wall, an increase in LV myocardial mass and LV myocardial mass index. The patient was recommended to take a drug of the class of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors perindopril and atorvastatin. The patient regularly received therapy and periodically underwent repeated echocardiographic examinations. After 40 months follow-up there are a significant decrease in septal hypertrophy (from 1.22 to 0.76 cm, -37.7%), LV posterior wall (from 1.05 to 0.49, -53.3%), as well as LV myocardial mass (from 197.9 to 96 g, -51.5%) and LV myocardial mass index (from 111.18 to 59.11 g/ m2, -51.5%). Thus, during the entire period of follow-up, the LV mass decreased almost twice. There was a decrease in the size of the left atrium, the relative wall thickness, with the same parameters of LV volumes, characteristics of systolic and diastolic function. Among the favorable factors contributing to significant LVH regression, high adherence to treatment, the efficacy of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and the possible antihypertrophic influence of atorvastatin are discussed.
Application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of semaglutide in human serum in clinical pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Karnakova P. K. , Vetrova Е. S. , Karpova P. A. , Knyazeva A. E. , Archakova O. A. , Bagaeva N. S. , Arefeva A. N. , Banko V. V. , Makarenko I. E. , Komarov T. N. , Shohin I. E.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Semaglutide preparations are an important therapeutic option for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity due to their high efficacy and the expected increase in the prevalence of these diseases. Consequently, there is a growing need for the development of domestic analogs of semaglutide requiring bioequivalence studies. This study proposes the use of high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) as an alternative to the widely used immunoassay for the quantitative determination of semaglutide in human serum.

Aim. To develop and validate a method for the quantitative determination of semaglutide in human serum using HPLC-MS/MS.

Materials and methods. Serum sample preparation was based on protein precipitation using an acetonitrile-methanol mixture. Liraglutide was selected as the internal standard. The mobile phase consisted of 0.3% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The stationary phase was represented by a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 chromatographic column 100×3.0 mm, 5 μm, 100 Å. Ionization of semaglutide and liraglutide was performed in positive electrospray mode. Detection was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM).

Results. The method demonstrated high accuracy and precision, with relative error and relative standard deviation values of less than 15% across all quality control levels. The confirmed analytical ranges of the method were 0.50–200.00 ng/mL and 1.00–800.00 ng/mL. Over 3.400 volunteer samples were analyzed as part of the studies. Compared to the ELISA method, the proposed method provides higher selectivity and reproducibility of measurements.

Conclusions. The method has been developed that provides reproducible quantitative determination of semaglutide in human blood serum. The method was validated in accordance with EAEU requirements and was successfully applied in bioequivalence studies of semaglutide GP40331 (GEROPHARM LLC, Russia). The method is suitable for conducting pharmacokinetic studies of other semaglutide preparations.
The effectiveness of a synthetic analogue purine nucleoside bases in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections
Authors: Kornova N. V. , Karpov I. A. , Lengina M. A. , Korkmazov A. M. , Popadyuk V. I.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The aggravation of the comorbid background of patients with ARVI is the main reason for the addition of secondary pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacterial flora and, as a result, the development of local and general complications.

Аim. To conduct a clinical assessment of the efficacy and safety of the drug Triazavirin based on riamilovir in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections.

Materials and methods. The study conducted on the basis of the medical center of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health involved 56 patients with acute recurrent viral infection. Regarding the prescribed therapy, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 27) from day 2, triazavirin was taken as an antiviral drug (riamilo- vir) 250 mg (1 capsule) 3 times a day for 5 days; group 2 (n = 29) – as an antiviral drug, Kagocel took 2 tablets 3 times a day for 2 days, then 1 tablet 3 times a day for 5 days. The effect of the therapy was assessed by the severity of intoxication syndrome, rhinorrhea, difficulty in nasal breathing, decreased olfactory function, pain syndrome localized in the nasopharynx and throat, cough severity and laboratory results.

Results. In patients with 7 days of therapy, the indicator of psychological health increased by 34.7 points in the first group, by 28.8 points in the second group. Vital activity increased by 33.7 points in patients of group 1 and by 23.8 points in the second group. Physical activity tended to increase by 19.5 points and 6.0 points in the first and second groups, respectively.

Conclusions. The analysis of changes in the severity of clinical symptoms affecting the quality of life of patients confirmed the effectiveness and safety of the drug Triazavirin.
Evaluation of satellite rainfall products to estimate extreme flow events over the Kulfo watershed in Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Elias Gebeyehu , Buba Zinash Matewos , Garo Otoma Orkaido
Published: November 2024

Satellite rainfall products with high spatial and temporal resolution offer opportunities to monitor extreme climate events intensities and trends on spatial different scales. A critical evaluation of the satellite precipitation data set is very important for both the end users and data developers. Meanwhile, the evaluation may provide a benchmark for the product’s continued development and future improvement. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of globally gridded high–resolution satellite rainfall products (TRMM, CMORPH and CHRIPS) under sparse ground-based data and complex topography of Kulfo watershed through semi-distributed hydrological model (SWAT). The model is calibrated for the period of 1991–2008 and validated for the period of 2009–2015. Comparisons of the simulations to the observed stream flow at the outlet of Kulfo Watershed form the basis for the conclusions of this study. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency and Coefficient of Determination were used to benchmark the model performance. The result indicated that all models underestimate the observed rainfall. Accuracy of models is not the same in representing the rainfall of the study area with TRMM performing best (Bias=–5.78) while CMORPH performs worst (Bias=–9.87). Overall, the satellite rainfall products tend to overestimate inter-annual rainfall variability.
LNX1-AS2 as a Key Prognostic and Immunotherapy Response Biomarker for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Xiuxiu , Yan Guanzhong , Zhang Xiaoying , Li Dongbing , Li Guangyi
Published: November 2024

Background:

The role of LNX1 antisense RNA 2 (LNX1-AS2) in lung adenocarcinoma
(LUAD) remains unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the association between LNX1-AS2 and LUAD
by employing bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.

Methods:

Statistical analysis and database interrogation were utilized to assess correlations
among LNX1-AS2 expression, clinical characteristics of LUAD patients, prognostic
factors, regulatory networks, and immune infiltration. LNX1-AS2 expression in LUAD
cell lines was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
(qRT-PCR).

Results:

The study found significantly elevated levels of LNX1-AS2 expression in patients
with LUAD. Furthermore, elevated LNX1-AS2 expression in LUAD patients did
not significantly correlate with gender (p = 0.041) or race (p = 0.049). Importantly, high
LNX1-AS2 expression levels were associated with poorer overall survival (OS, p =
0.042) and disease-specific survival (DSS, p = 0.040) in LUAD patients. Additionally,
high LNX1-AS2 expression (p = 0.015) was independently correlated with OS in LUAD
patients. The phenotype characterized by high LNX1-AS2 expression was also
found to be enriched for asthma, allograft rejection, drug metabolism cytochrome P450,
metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, olfactory transduction, renin-angiotensin
system, retinol metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and porphyrin
and chlorophyll metabolism. A significant correlation was identified between the
expression levels of LNX1-AS2 and immune infiltration in the context of LUAD. Elevated
expression of LNX1-AS2 was notably detected in LUAD cell lines as opposed to
Beas-2B.

Conclusion:

A noteworthy relationship was established among increased LNX1-AS2 expression
in LUAD patients, unfavorable prognosis, and heightened immune infiltration.
These findings suggest that the LNX1-AS2 gene could serve as a valuable prognostic indicator
for LUAD and a potential predictor of response to immunotherapy.
Nutraceutical – An Alternative Pathway in Therapeutics
Authors: Chalotra Rishabh , Chaudhary Kakul , Dhankhar Sanchit , Chauhan Samrat , Dhanawat Meenakshi , Gupta Sumeet
Published: November 2024

Nutritional supplements, herbal items, and processed foods, including
cereals, soups, and beverages, are all sources of nutraceuticals that have medicinal or
health benefits for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Nature has provided us
with immeasurable, wonderful gifts, including natural products, herbal medicines, etc.
All the civilizations, societies, cultures, and ethnic groups from pre-historic times till
the present use plants, animals, and minerals to cure diseases. Numerous cultures have
a long history of using plants to cure a variety of disorders, which has led to the
formation of well-defined medical systems like Ayurveda, traditional African remedies,
Chinese herbal medicines, Kampo in Japan, etc. Many medicinal plants' healing
qualities have been acknowledged on a global scale. Various scientific studies,
preclinical studies, clinical studies, etc., are going on to collect scientific evidence to
prove their activity. There are safety problems associated with allopathic medicines.
Nutraceuticals are foods high in nutrients that are consumed for reasons other than
mere nutrition. These medications have shown promising outcomes in recent studies in
the treatment of various pathological illnesses, including cancer, diabetes,
cardiovascular disease, and neurological problems, with nutritional benefits. The most
common nutraceuticals are curcumin from turmeric, glucosamine from ginseng,
omega-3 fatty acid from linseed, β-Lactoglobulin from bovine milk, etc. This chapter
describes the role of nutraceuticals in health and how they are different from foods and
medicines.
Targeting Inflammatory Biomarkers and Free Radicals by Anthocyanins
Authors: Malhotra Hitesh , Rudrakash  , Devi Tanu
Published: November 2024

Inflammation and oxidative stress are synergistic partners in the
etiopathogenesis of diverse diseases. Polyphenols, such as anthocyanins, are
responsible for the regulation of the inflammatory process and activation of the
endogenous antioxidant defense system. Anthocyanins modulate the level of
inflammatory markers and exert an anti-inflammatory effect. Consequently, translating
the research outcomes into clinical practice significantly contributes to the prevention
and management of chronic diseases. The chapter summarizes the role of anthocyanins
as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecules in both health and diseases.
Anthocyanins downregulate pro-inflammatory markers in chronic disease and thus
suppress inflammation as well as oxidative stress in inflammatory disorders. The
chapter can help researchers and other healthcare professionals to understand the
importance of anthocyanin use in chronic diseases.
Role of Anthocyanins in Cancer
Authors: Vallinayagam Sugumari , Basheer Vajiha Aafrin , Ravi Sai Nandhini , Bhar Shantanu , Sai Pranav Yannam Jai , Planivelu Jeyanthi , Packirisamy Azhagu Saravana Babu
Published: November 2024

Anthocyanins, natural pigments abundantly present in fruits
and vegetables, have demonstrated diverse bioactive properties, including antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory effects. There is growing interest in exploring their potential
role in cancer prevention and treatment due to these properties.
Objective:This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the impact of anthocyanins
on cancer, elucidating the underlying mechanisms through In vitro and In vivo
experiments.
Method:The study was conducted to identify studies investigating the effects of
anthocyanins on cancer cells. The selected studies encompassed In vitro experiments
utilizing cell cultures and In vivo investigations employing animal models to assess the
potential inhibitory effects of anthocyanins on tumor growth. The review focused on
molecular and cellular assays from these studies, specifically exploring the modulation
of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell cycle regulation by
anthocyanins. The methodological approaches and key findings from these studies
were critically analyzed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of
knowledge regarding the role of anthocyanins in cancer.
Result: The findings revealed that anthocyanins exerted potent antioxidant effects,
mitigating oxidative stress and DNA damage in cancer cells. Anti-inflammatory
properties were demonstrated by the suppression of key inflammatory pathways.
Anthocyanins induced apoptosis in cancer cells, leading to programmed cell death
while sparing normal cells. Furthermore, they exhibited antiangiogenic effects by
disrupting the formation of blood vessels essential for tumor growth. The modulation
of cell cycle progression was also observed, suggesting a role in preventing
uncontrolled cell proliferation.
Role of Energy-Efficient Technology to Build Sustainable Cities
Authors: Rautela Reeta , Kumar Shravan , Bhatt Monika , Kaur Jashandeep , Prakash Namrata , Gupta Varsha
Published: November 2024

The Sustainable Development Goal 11 aims to make cities inclusive, safe,
resilient, and sustainable. With economic growth and development, the number cities
has increased, and the slums are also increasing, which cause a number of problems
like solid waste management, pollution, poor traffic systems, and many more. Among
other major concerns, one significant concern is that of energy consumption. To protect
the environment, it has become significant to act sustainably and choose sustainable
ways to develop cities. Globally, there has been raising concern over the disparities and
energy-related CO2
emissions. With an increase in the number of people living in cities,
the construction of sustainable cities has become necessary; hence in this regard, it has
become crucial to concentrate on technological innovation in energy efficiency. The
sustainable urban development path will transform cities to achieve Goal 11 for the
path to a sustainable future. Energy efficiency is one of the most immediate aspects on
which the whole world needs to work. This study seeks to explain the contribution of
technology to support energy-efficient tools for constructing sustainable cities. This
study represents dimensions of sustainable development and convergence of energy
efficient technology enabling advanced levels of sustainable development along with
the challenges and key policy recommendations to achieve Goal 11.
Blockchain Technology as a Potential Solution to Empower Women and Eliminate Bias: Opportunities, Challenges, and Limitations
Authors: Makkar G D , Sharma Vaibhav , Arora Minit , Verma Rohan
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores the ways in which blockchain technology can be used
to address the challenges of gender inequality in developing countries. It begins with an
overview of gender inequality and its persistence in various areas, followed by an
introduction to blockchain technology as a potential solution to some of these
challenges. The chapter then focuses on three key areas where blockchain can empower
women: access to financial services, elimination of bias, and enhancement of safety.
Through examples of blockchain-based platforms, the chapter explains how women
can use blockchain to participate in financial transactions, report incidents of
harassment, abuse, or violence, and identify and eliminate discriminatory practices in
various fields. The chapter also highlights the challenges and limitations of blockchain
technology in promoting gender equality, including the lack of gender diversity in the
tech industry and the risk of reproducing existing gender biases. Additionally, the
chapter discusses factors such as connectivity, literacy, and access to technology that
can limit the use of blockchain in developing countries. The chapter concludes with a
call for diversity and inclusivity in the design and deployment of blockchain solutions
and emphasizes the need to address underlying structural inequalities that affect
women's ability to use technology and financial services.
Emerging Issues of Cyber Security toward Sustainable Development
Authors: M Rajendra Prasad , Jain Sourabh , Naik R Lakshman
Published: November 2024

Cybersecurity is a sensitive and critical issue across multiple domains. It is a
range of technologies, techniques, and practices designed to protect sensitive, priceless
data, well-configured networks, source code snippets, and system programs from
attackers, damage and unauthorized access. But we are gyratory our daily lives with
these concerns, there is a possibility that we setout truthfully suspicious about our own
professional and personal safety. Cyber security is also formulating the process of
malware detection more actionable, scalable and effective than traditional approaches,
which require human intervention. At the same time web technologies and cyber
security can contribute to the implementation of the concept of sustainable
development. This study gives a brief description about promising issues like cyber
space, cyber-attacks, cyber security, cyber-crime, cyber forensic, cyber defamation,
cyber terrorism, cyber law and types of cyber-crimes impacts on professionals in the
cyber-world. It also forecast how a professional can conscious of current cyber world
and also a theoretical discussion and explore on the relationships between emerging
issues of cyber security and sustainable development.
An Empirical Investigation into the Role of Industry 4.0 Tools in Realizing Sustainable Development Goals with Reference to Fast Moving Consumer Foods Industry
Authors: Elkady Ghada , Sayed Ahmed , Priya Shanmugha , Nagarjuna B. , Haralayya Bhadrappa , Aarif Mohd
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there have been a number of challenges that have posed a
danger to the food security of the globe. These issues include the growing population of
the world, the consequences of climate change, and the emergence of new pandemics.
Because of this, it is of utmost importance that we come up with innovative strategies
to strengthen the food system's resilience in the face of these challenges. The
technologies that underpin the Fourth Industrial Revolution (also known as Industry
4.0) are causing widespread upheaval throughout a wide range of production and
consuming businesses, including the food and agriculture industries. This chapter will
provide a general overview of green technology and Industry 4.0 strategies, focusing
on how they apply to the food sector. We are going to focus on and investigate the
linkages between green food technologies, such as green preserving, processing,
extraction, and analysis, and the enablers of Industry 4.0, such as artificial intelligence,
big data, smart sensors, robotics, blockchain, and the Internet of Things. Green food
technologies include those that preserve food without the use of harmful chemicals, as
well as those that extract and analyze food's constituents. The Sustainable Development
Goals (also known as SDGs) are relevant to these linkages. The Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) are becoming increasingly difficult to achieve without the
help of environmentally friendly technologies and the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
These advances have the potential to speed up digital and ecological transitions in fast moving consumer goods, which will have positive effects not just on individuals but
also on the planet. With the assistance of green and digital solutions, which are
anticipated to be implemented at a larger rate in the next years, it is conceivable to
realize a future that is not only more robust but also healthier, more intelligent, and
friendlier to the environment.
A Study Analyzing the Major Determinants of Implementing Internet of Things (IoT) Tools in Delivering Better Healthcare Services Using Regression Analysis
Authors: Kaur Chamandeep , Al Ansari Mohammed Saleh , Rana Nisha , Haralayya Bhadrappa , Rajkumari Yaisna , Gayathri K. C.
Published: November 2024

The new advancements in healthcare systems are influenced majorly by the
adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT). This is especially important in light of the
present state of affairs in the healthcare, social welfare, and energy sectors. By
understanding the interconnected problems such as energy efficiency and sustainable
development, it may be possible to enhance the well-being of both humans and the
environment. The incorporation of sensors and other intelligent devices is crucial to the
accomplishment of the aims of sustainable development. In todays rise in population,
there is a key area in which the latest scientific developments really need to be put into
practice: public health. For the sake of the well-being of future generations, it is
essential toconduct research on the ways in which the SDGs have an impact on the uses
of sensors and the Internet of Things in human environments. Peoples lives are being
influenced by applications of technology, sensor networks, intelligent systems, and the
Internet of Things (IoT), all of which are having a positive impact on the environmental
sustainability and energy efficiency of the world.The digitization and application of intelligent systems and the Internet of Things
devices are carried out in blocks of analysis, organized in a variety of disciplines, in
urbanized settings, and in human-inhabited communities; nonetheless, they all have a similar center of gravity, which is the trilogy: human, technology, and sustainability.
The management of effective and healthy resources, enhanced governance, and
programs that encourage the adoption of new technological solutions are all necessary
for sustainable development in better healthcare services. The study is focused on the
major determinants of implementing Internet of Things (IoT) tools in delivering better
healthcare services.
Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and its Applications in Secondary Batteries
Authors: Song Tinglu , Zhu Huaqiang , He Ziqi , Yuen Wensly Yip Sheung , Yu Chuguang , Yang Xinyu , Jiang Shunzi , Xu Fan , Li Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

In recent years, Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOFSIMS) has been widely employed as a powerful surface characterization tool in
secondary battery investigations. In this chapter, we introduced the essential working
principle, fundamental functions, and basic components of TOF-SIMS, which
hopefully could provide useful insights for potential users and readers with particular
interests in TOF-SIMS measurement. Additionally, state-of-the-art practical
applications and research progress of TOF-SIMS in secondary batteries, including
electrode materials and electrode/electrolyte interfaces, were thoroughly reviewed and
discussed.
Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcer - A Case Report
Authors: Syeda Safina Naz  , L. Manonmani  , Sikandar Basha
Published: November 2024

Due to sedentary lifestyle of today, diabetes mellitus is becoming a common illness. One of the complications of diabetes mellitus, the primary cause of lower limb amputations, is diabetic foot ulcers. It affects 15% of all diabetes mellitus patients and occurs before lower limb amputation in 84% of people with diabetic foot ulcers. Controlling blood sugar levels, debridement, improved dressings, and offloading techniques are all necessary for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Acharya Sushruta has listed sixty different forms of treatment in the Ayurvedic literature. He has placed particular emphasis on Vranashodhana and Ropana. Blood sugar management with Arogyavardhini Vati, wound debridement and appropriate wound care are all part of the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. It took a month for the ulcer to fully heal, and throughout that time, the patient's ability to carry out daily tasks improved. The Ayurvedic treatment that was implemented has shown encouraging outcomes in the management of diabetic foot ulcer. It is imperative to conduct more randomised controlled trials in this area of study.
Efficacy of Marma Chikitsa and Shoulder Exercises in the management of Avabahuka (Frozen Shoulder) - A Case Study
Authors: Pranali Chaudhari  , Rita Marwaha  , Nisha Bhalerao  , S.D. Panda
Published: November 2024

Avabahuka is one among the 80 Vatavyaadhis mentioned in Samhitas. The disease known as Avabahuka is characterized by Dushita Vata Dosha, which is localized in the Ansa Pradesha and results in shoulder dysfunction as well as Akunchan of Sira at this site. It is correlated with Adhesive Capsulitis that is Frozen Shoulder. The prevalence of frozen shoulder is 3% to 5% in general population and upto 20% in those with diabetes. Allopathy medicines have limitations giving short term relief in pain and surgeries which carries risk. Marma therapy being a non pharmaceutical technique is a hidden treasure of Ayurveda. It is ancient Neuromodulation therapy which offers deep sense of relief in pain and stiffness of muscles. A 32 year aged women who has already diagnosed with frozen shoulder since 3 years approached to Pt. Khushilal Sharma Ayurveda Hospital and was treated with Marma Chikitsa and Shoulder Exercises. The treatment was continued for 15 days in which day wise improvement was analyzed. The range of movements improved from 30° to 120° for abduction, 105° to 160° for flexion, 35° to 45° for extension and 55° to 65° for external rotation. Pain is assessed using VAS score which also improved after the treatment. Thus, Marma therapy and Shoulder exercises gives highly remarkable relief in both range of movement as well as pain in Avabahuka. Nonetheless, a large-scale population study was recommended.
Exploring Ayurvedic potential in the management of Jirna Pratishaya (Allergic Rhinitis): A Single Case Report
Authors: Priti Holkar  , Sumeeta Jogad
Published: November 2024

The present era is characterized by chaos, stress, and strain due to lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, urbanization, and industrialization, leading to increased pollution and antibiotic resistance. This has resulted in a rise in diseases, notably Jirna Pratishaya (chronic allergic rhinitis). In India, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children is approximately 21.99% and continues to increase. Repeated attacks and inadequate management often escalate the condition to a chronic phase. Additionally, Ajirna (indigestion) can cause Aam (toxins) accumulation, contributing to various disorders. This study evaluates the efficacy of Ayurvedic management - including Shamana Chikitsa (palliative treatment), dietary adjustments, and lifestyle modifications - for Jirna Pratishaya. It focuses on a 13-year-old boy diagnosed with allergic rhinitis for four years, who presented with symptoms aligning with Jirna Pratishaya. Treated at an Ayurvedic hospital, he received Shamana Chikitsa comprising Tribhuvan Kirti Ras, Shwas Kuthar Ras, Gokshuradi Guggul, and Ashtang Lavan Churna, alongside dietary and lifestyle changes over three months. Symptomatic assessments were performed every 15 days, revealing significant improvement in the patient's overall quality of life and a notable reduction in inhaler usage. The therapy provided effective symptomatic relief and highlights the potential of Ayurvedic interventions in managing chronic allergic conditions. This study underscores the importance of a holistic approach to treatment, addressing both physical symptoms and underlying lifestyle factors.
Ayurvedic management of Autism - A Case Report
Authors: Dileep K.S  , Sreedevi V.
Published: November 2024

Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine in India, offers a holistic approach to health and wellness. When applied to Autism, Ayurveda emphasizes individualized treatment plans that balance the body's Doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) through diet, herbal remedies, lifestyle modifications, and therapies like Panchakarma. This approach aims to address both physical and mental imbalances, which are believed to contribute to Autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this article, presentation of an interesting case of autism, not responding to the conventional protocol in modern medicine, managed with Ayurvedic treatment. The present case report demonstrates clinical and ISAA score changes with Ayurvedic medicinal interventions.
Elucidation of spacecraft surface wear phenomena in the plasma environment emitted by electric propulsion vehicles based on spacecraft charging analysis
Authors: Muranaka Takanobu
Published: November 2024

Professor Takanobu Muranaka, Chukyu University, Japan, is part of a collaborative research effort to investigate and elucidate surface wear phenomena in electric propulsion spacecraft vehicles. He and his team are exploring how injected plasma emitted by these vehicles interacts with
the spacecraft, leading to potential electrical and mechanical issues. For example, the ions and electrons in the plasma can collide with the spacecraft, causing wear and tear. This can compromise the spacecraft’s durability and lifespan. In order to analyse these interactions,
Muranaka and the team are utilising numerical calculations. To overcome limitations associated with the analysis of spacecraft systems and plasma in space, the researchers perform analyses of objects under predetermined conditions without consideration of space or timescales. Although it isn’t
possible to fully replicate space conditions in ground-based vacuum chambers, in their analyses the researchers are able to obtain important raw measurement data on physical phenomena that have not been modelled, such as parameter measurements of electrically propelled plasma plumes. Through
its research, the team hopes to contribute to spacecraft design by informing design parameters such as the spacecraft shape and thruster parameters. Ultimately, the researchers are expanding and verifying numerical models and developing advanced plasma interference analysis technologies that
will prove invaluable to spacecraft design. The researchers’ investigations on the Hayabusa2 spacecraft’s side-cathode ion thruster system have yielded exciting results on the ion energy distribution function (IEDF) of backflowing ions at multiple points around this thruster, expanding
their findings on the significance of thruster reference potential on ion energy distribution, which is key to understanding spacecraft surface erosion.
Establishment of an evaluation method of a chemical-susceptibility for wildlife using counter-QSAR and machine learning
Authors: Takeda Kazuki
Published: November 2024

Certain environmental chemicals are harmful to lifeforms. Determining the extent to which they are damaging to animals is challenging as it is ethically reprehensible to expose animals to lethal doses of chemicals in the lab and, besides, not every species of animal can be housed in
a laboratory. So, how can experiments involving animals in their natural habitat, and without causing harm, be conducted? A team of researchers at the Laboratory of Toxicology in the School of Veterinary Medicine at Kitasato University in Japan, which includes Junior Associate Professor Kazuki
Takeda, is working to develop a way to determine the susceptibility of animal species to given environmental chemicals. Takeda is applying his background in environmental toxicology to the research. The focus for the team is on wild animals and using non-invasive methods. As there is such
great interspecies variability in chemical sensitivity, it is difficult to extrapolate toxicity test results obtained from laboratory animals to wild animals. Therefore, the researchers are using genetic information and protein-chemical binding simulations to evaluate interspecies differences
in chemical sensitivity. The goal is to develop a model that can predict chemical sensitivity differences between species using simulation methods and machine learning using DNA information obtained from hair.
Sustainable-Smart-Healthy Development Framework for Urban Social Spaces Imaginary: A Review
Authors: Lim Seng Boon , Abdullah Jamalunlaili , Abdul Rashid Mohd Fadzil , Danial Muhammad Hakim , Low Sui Pheng
Published: November 2024

The value of sustainable urbanisation has been redefined by UN-Habitat, which includes intangible and cultural values. The pace of smart and healthy urbanism is accelerating in humankind, yet there is little evidence for integrating such new perspectives of sustainable urbanisation. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a holistic sustainable-smart-healthy (SSH) framework – public social spaces where people can live a smart and healthy urban lifestyle that benefits current and future generations. Through the systematic literature review methodology, important themes were constructed. This study has contributed to the existing sustainable development body of knowledge in conceptualising SSH future urban environments.
Parental Awareness, Understanding, and Factors of Stunting among Preschool Children
Authors: Majid Norhaini , Ab Hamid Mohd Ramadan , Musa Muhammad Fazlin , Suryanto Suryanto
Published: November 2024

Undernutrition, including stunting, is a global issue, with significant prevalence in Asia, including Malaysia. Stunting, characterized by low height-for-age in children under five, is a critical health concern. This study focused on parents in Puncak Alam, Selangor, to assess their awareness and understanding of stunting factors. Using a cross-sectional quantitative approach with 137 participants, the study found that most parents had a good awareness and understanding of stunting. Parental education emerged as a key factor influencing understanding. These findings can guide policymakers and health professionals in reducing stunting and improving children's health in Malaysia.
Modeling the Integration of Educational Technology in Vocational Colleges: Influencing Factors Among In-Service Teachers
Authors: Yu Jiawen , Hu Yidan , Li Min , Qiu Baoyu , Shen Xi , Da Xianyan
Published: November 2024

This investigation examined the integration of digital technology by 681 vocational teachers in Guangzhou, focusing on Attitudes Towards Technology, Self-Efficacy in Digital Realms, Digital Literacy, and Technology Utilization. Employing Partial Least Squares Structural EquationModeling, the study revealed how these key factors profoundly influence and enhance digital technology strategies among occupational teachers. It identified attitudes, digital literacy, and technology applications as crucial intermediaries facilitating integration, providing a foundational model for improving educational technology practices in vocational institutions.
Essential Attributes to Stimulate 21st Century Skills amongst Children Learning in Pre-war Schools
Authors: Nik Azhari Nik Farhanah , McLachlan Fiona
Published: November 2024

Globally, new schools are built according to users' needs and are comparable with the newest pedagogical approach. The efforts, however, raised concern about the affordance of existing school buildings and whether the users are experiencing the present educational transformation. This study, therefore, aims to examine factors that qualify a school to provide twenty-first-century learning, specifically pre-war school buildings in Scotland. Through a focus group design charrette, this study obtained forty-eight primary six children’s perceptions of what the school spaces afford. Schools should provide sufficient learning spaces that are broadly utilized and flexible to provide supplementary learning experiences for children.