bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How institutional factors at US land-grant universities impact scientists’ public scholarship
Authors: Bao Luye , Calice Mikhaila N. , Brossard Dominique , Beets Becca , Scheufele Dietram A. , Rose Kathleen M.
Published: June 2022

The call for public scholarship to emphasize the broader impacts of science has raised questions about how universities can support this work among their scientists. This study quantitatively assesses how institutional factors shape scientists’ participation in public scholarship, a subset of public engagement focusing on scientists’ involvement in public debate and democratic decision-making related to science policy. Based on a 2018 survey of scientists from 46 US land-grant universities ( N = 6,242), hierarchical linear modeling results show that institutional factors, including tenure guidelines and the extent of government funding, play a minor role in influencing scientists’ public scholarship participation. More importantly, scientists’ perceptions of the university climate on support for engagement, including support from high-level administrators and for graduate students, are significant predictors of participation in public scholarship. Ultimately, these findings support the recommendation that universities should coordinate individual motivations with institutional missions to support a broader culture of public engagement.
Barrier properties, migration into the food simulants and antimicrobial activity of paper-based materials with functionalized surface
Authors: Peter Anca , Cozmuta Leonard M , Nicula Camelia , Cozmuta Anca M , Apjok Robert , Talasman Catalina M , Drazic Goran , Peñas Antonio , Calahorro Antonio J , Kamgang Nzekoue Franks , Huang Xiaohui , Sagratini Gianni , Silvi Stefania
Published: June 2022

The study investigates four paper-based materials designed for short-time wrapping of meat products by determining morpho-structure, capillary-hydroscopic, barrier and antibacterial properties, wettability and migration into food simulants. The paper-based materials are coded as RO, SP, IT and SLO. RO and SLO samples exhibit the best barrier properties against water vapors. The low solubility and contact angles of RO, IT and SLO in A simulant (distilled water) make them suitable for aqueous food storage. The extremely high solubility of SP and SLO in simulant B (acetic acid) shows that wax and hydrophobized starch, respectively are carried by the acidic media, thus these agents are unlikely to coat the paper designed to package acidic food. SLO inhibits E. coli, Salmonella enterica, Lysteria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fluorescens. Polyethylene coated on RO and IT surface and wax impregnated on SP have a lower antimicrobial activity in comparison with hydrophobized starch coated on SLO.
Finding Strength in Times of Crisis? Post-Traumatic Growth During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Saudi Arabian Perspective
Authors: Winkel Carmen , McNally Beverley , Omari Razan Al
Published: June 2022

This paper contributes to the Covid-19 literature by exploring the concept of post-traumatic growth (PTG) utilizing a mixed methods approach. The study examines to what extent the participants experienced positive growth and renewal arising from the prolonged period of lockdowns and emergency online learning. Exploring the experiences of 552 female undergraduate students in a private Saudi Arabian university, an online survey was utilized to gather the data. All the students had experienced online education as a result of the pandemic. The findings indicate the participants underwent a diversity of personal growth experiences. In addition, they also developed different coping mechanisms. The study provides insights into the responses of the students to the issues they were facing during the pandemic. It identifies ways in which participants experienced personal growth as well as a shift in perspective about their lives. There are implications for educators, counselors and policymakers emerging from this study.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Ticks and Tickborne Disease among Healthcare Professionals Working in Schools in New York and Maryland
Authors: Howard Kristen , Beck Alyssa , Kaufman Alison , Rutz Heather , Hutson Jeré , Crum David , Rowe Adam , Marx Grace , Hinckley Alison , White Jennifer
Published: June 2022

Healthcare Professionals Working in Schools (HPWS) are responsible for providing health services to students and play a role in providing education to prevent illnesses, including tickborne diseases (TBD). Providing TBD education to children has been shown to increase prevention behaviors and knowledge of TBD symptoms, but little is known regarding the current state of TBD awareness among HPWS. In spring 2019 we conducted a cross-sectional knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) survey of HPWS in two states with a high incidence of Lyme disease (LD) to inform design of TBD prevention programs. The survey queried general knowledge of TBDs, school practices regarding TBDs, and availability of TBD resources. Overall, higher confidence, experience, risk perception, prior training on TBD, and more years employed as a HPWS were independently associated with knowledge of LD transmission, symptoms, and correct tick removal practices. State and local health departments should consider prioritizing engagement with HPWS to provide educational opportunities about tickborne diseases.
Evaluating Structural Therapy from a Consensual Nonmonogamy Lens
Authors: Gebel Gabrielle , Griggs Mialauni , Washington Karen
Published: June 2022

Consensually nonmonogamous (CNM) persons are significantly underrepresented in couple therapy research. There are very few models of therapy formatted specifically to work with the unique configurations of CNM. Yet, the systemic underpinnings of the couple and family therapy field are most appropriately aligned with conceptualizing and treating issues within a multi-system configuration such as nonmonogamous relationships. Structural therapy is a timeless theoretical orientation that shows aptitude and flexibility to be adapted for more socially just application. We analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the original model and critique those through a social justice lens. We propose adapted strategies and interventions for working with CNM clients, and for ease of use with an updated approach that is inclusive of alternative relationship configurations.
Extraneuraxial Hemangioblastoma: An Unusual Soft Tissue Neoplasm that Mimics More Common Entities but Carries Distinct Clinical Implications
Authors: Chung Robert T. , Cheung Yvonne Y. , Henderson Eric R. , Linos Konstantinos , Kerr Darcy A.
Published: June 2022

Hemangioblastoma, one of the characteristic tumors associated with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, most often presents in the central nervous system (CNS) but can uncommonly arise in extraneuraxial, or previously referred to as peripheral, locations. Without the clinical context of known VHL disease, hemangioblastoma may not enter the differential for a soft tissue mass outside the CNS. Here, we present two patients with diagnostically challenging extraneuraxial hemangioblastoma to highlight the importance of considering this entity within the differential diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms containing clear cells and delicate vasculature. We review the relevant diagnostic features, including a suggested immunohistochemical panel, along with the potential associated clinical implications of making this diagnosis. It is recommended that affected patients be offered genetic counseling to assess for underlying VHL disease.
Is Endocervical Glandular Involvement Related to The Depth of Cone Biopsy?
Authors: Akis Serkan , Keles Esra , Ozyurek Sefik Eser , Purut Yunus Emre , Ozturk Ugur Kemal , Kabaca Canan , Api Murat , Cetiner Handan
Published: June 2022

Introduction. This study aimed to determine whether endocervical glandular involvement by squamous intraepithelial lesion would differ with respect to the depth of the excised specimen and analyze the related factors that may define endocervical glandular involvement among cases treated with cone biopsy. Methods. Between April 2016 and December 2018, women who underwent colposcopy and excisional procedures in the department of gynecologic oncology were retrospectively investigated. Patients with multiple specimens, or whose specimen depths were not measured, and a negative/unknown HPV status were excluded from the study. Also, patients with no dysplasia or microinvasive/invasive cancer in the final pathology report and those who had not undergone endocervical curettage during colposcopy were excluded. HPV genotypes, degree of dysplasia, surgical margin status, and specimen depth were documented from medical records. Further, the association of these factors with endocervical glandular involvement was evaluated. Results: A total of 321 patients who fulfilled the criteria were included in the study, with a mean age of 41.9 years. In total, 101 patients (31.5%) had endocervical glandular involvement. The mean excised specimen depth was 17.04 mm; 17.9 and 16.7 mm for the positive and negative glandular involvement groups, respectively ( p = .13). The mean ages were 42.7 and 41.6 years for these groups, respectively ( p = .32). There was no association between the HPV genotypes and glandular involvement. Conclusions: Endocervical glandular involvement is not associated with the depth of the excised specimen. A deeper cone biopsy may not necessarily enable a more effective treatment of the disease.
Valgus Second Toe Deformity Treated With a Percutaneous Extracapsular Closing-Wedge Osteotomy of the Proximal Phalanx
Authors: Ray Robbie , Lewis Thomas L. , Robinson Peter , Dearden Paul M. C. , Goff Thomas A. J. , Watt Clare , Lam Peter
Published: June 2022

Background:

Coronal and sagittal plane deformities of the lesser toes are common yet challenging to treat. Traditional open releases and translational Weil osteotomies can be unpredictable and lead to postoperative stiffness. We present the results of a percutaneous closing wedge extracapsular osteotomy of the proximal phalanx to treat valgus deformity of the second toe.

Methods:

Thirty-one patients underwent 40 percutaneous osteotomies at a median age of 58.6±9.4 years. Using a small dorsomedial incision, a percutaneous proximal metaphyseal medial closing-wedge extracapsular osteotomy of the second toe is performed, leaving the dorsolateral cortex intact. An irrigated low-speed, high-torque 2- × 8-mm burr is used under image guidance. The osteotomy is then closed to correct deformity and taped for 2 weeks. Patient-reported outcomes and weightbearing radiographs were obtained.

Results:

Questionnaire data was available for 89.7% (n=35) of cases. Most cases (91.4%) were either satisfied or extremely satisfied with the procedure. Radiographs were available for 90.0% of osteotomies, with a median length from surgery to radiographic follow-up of 1.6 years (range 0.5-6.3; SD ±1.5). Median second-toe valgus angle (STVA) decreased from 16.2±10.7 degrees to 5.0±7.0 degrees ( P < .001) at final follow-up. All osteotomies united with no delayed union. There were no wound complications or infections. We found 2 cases of radiographic recurrence.

Conclusion:

Percutaneous proximal phalanx base metaphyseal closing wedge extracapsular osteotomies of lesser toes to correct coronal plane deformity is useful adjunct to first-ray corrective surgery and is associated with high levels of patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series
Identification and Validation of Serum CST1 as a Diagnostic Marker for Differentiating Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer from Pulmonary Benign Nodules
Authors: Lai Yanzhen , Wang Yu , Wu Yaxian , Wu Meng , Xing Shan , Xie Ying , Chen Shulin , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Ao , He Yi , Li Huilan , Dai Shuqin , Wang Junye , Lin Shudai , Bai Yunmeng , Du Hongli , Liu Wanli
Published: June 2022

Background

Effective means for early diagnosis are imperative to reduce death rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We aimed to find out high-performance serologic markers to distinguish early-stage NSCLC patients from benign pulmonary nodule patients and healthy controls (HC). Cystatin-SN (CST1) is an active cysteine protease inhibitor of the CST superfamily, involving in the processes of inflammation and tumorigenesis. This is the first exploration of the diagnostic and prognostic values of serum CST1 in NSCLC.

Methods

We analyzed the transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus database, screened biomarkers for NSCLC, and verified the candidate markers via the ONCOMINE database. Then, we performed ELISA, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry analysis to detect the expression levels of CST1 in NSCLC cell lines, tumor tissues, and serum samples of clinical cohorts.

Results

We identified 3 up-regulated secreted protein-encoding genes, validated the expression levels of CST1 in NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines, and found that serum CST1 levels of NSCLC (4289 ± 2405 pg/mL) were significantly higher than those of PBN patients (1558 ± 441 pg/mL, P < .0001) and healthy controls (1529 ± 416 pg/mL, P < .0001). The AUC of the combination of CST1, Cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra21-1), and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for distinguishing early-stage NSCLC from PBN/HC was as high as .914/0.925. Furthermore, our results suggested that the NSCLC patient with low serum CST1 level had a better survival rate.

Conclusions

Serum CST1 may serve as a novel diagnostic marker for differentiating early-stage NSCLC from PBN and HC, and could be used as a prognosis predictor in NSCLC patients.
Analysis of two-dimensional nonlinear sloshing in a rectangular tank by using a concentrated mass model
Authors: Yoshitake Tatsuhiro , Ishikawa Satoshi , Kondou Takahiro
Published: June 2022

Major problems can occur when liquid sloshes in a tank, such as in liquid storage tanks during an earthquake, and this is an important engineering problem to address. To analyze this phenomenon, the finite-element method is generally used but involves many degrees of freedom when the tank is large. In this paper, a nonlinear numerical model with relatively few degrees of freedom is established for vertical and horizontal two-dimensional nonlinear sloshing in a rectangular tank excited horizontally. In addition, a method is proposed for reducing the number of degrees of freedom in the two-dimensional model. The natural frequencies, modes, and frequency responses are then compared among the concentrated mass model, theoretical calculations, and experimental results. Good agreement was achieved among them, thus demonstrating the validity of the model.
Nursing Home COVID Relief Under QIP’s Performance-Based Formula: Does Performance Actually Matter, and Should It?
Authors: Plummer Elizabeth , Wempe William F.
Published: June 2022

The Quality Incentive Program (QIP) distributed US$2 billion to nursing homes (NHs) that met performance goals primarily related to their COVID-19 infection rates. We examine how QIP affected 15,331 NHs with different facility and community attributes, and the extent to which QIP payments per resident-week (QIP$) were associated with NHs’ COVID-related attributes. We find that QIP$ was primarily determined by county (not facility) infection rates. QIP distributed US$2 billion to NHs for months in which they experienced virtually no COVID-19 cases; US$0 was distributed for months in which they experienced more than 300,000 cases. We find that QIP$ was larger for smaller, nonprofit NHs located in more rural and economically distressed communities. Regression analyses reveal that recipients of larger QIP$ maintained greater supplies of personal protective equipment, conducted more staff testing, and limited admissions of infected residents, and that greater staff testing and limited admissions are also associated with NHs’ sustained success in receiving QIP payments. Policymakers should consider whether performance-based payment systems are optimal for addressing public health emergencies.
State Expectations and Medicaid Managed Care Organizations’ Efforts to Address the Social Needs of Medicaid Enrollees
Authors: Opoku Samuel T. , Owens Charles F. , Apenteng Bettye A. , Kimsey Linda , Peden Angela H.
Published: June 2022

Existing work on states’ efforts to address the social needs of Medicaid enrollees indicate the implementation of several state-level strategies to move Medicaid Managed Care Organizations (MMCOs) toward the provision of whole-person care. However, less is known about how these expectations drive MMCOs’ SDOH efforts. To address this gap, we interviewed representatives of eight MMCOs ( N=28) and 12 state Medicaid offices ( N=17). Participants described varying state-implemented instruments for encouraging an SDOH-focus among MMCOs, including both coercive (e.g., contractual mandates) and subtle approaches (e.g., request for proposal process and performance measurement expectations). However, regardless of states’ expectations, MMCOs, driven by organizational and industry-related factors, recognized the importance of addressing SDOH as part of a holistic approach to health care. Collectively, regulatory pressures, organizational strategy, and market forces influenced MMCOs’ efforts to address SDOH leading to a normalization of their role in addressing members’ social needs within a medical paradigm.
The Moderating Effects of Social Norms on Pre-merger Overspending: Results from a Survey Experiment
Authors: Askim Jostein , Houlberg Kurt
Published: June 2022

The proposition that amalgamation reforms lead to a common-pool problem is strongly supported; governments are incentivized to overspend before the merger is implemented. However, existing literature helps little in understanding why some governments do not overspend in the pre-merger period, and why hoarders do not overspend more than they do. One explanation hitherto overlooked is the moderating effect of social norms. Two hypotheses regarding the importance of social norms are tested with data from a survey experiment conducted on over 3,000 Norwegian local elected officials. The analysis supports both: Support for hoarding is lower when hoarding is debt-financed than when financed by savings. Support for hoarding is also lower when others in the amalgamation are anticipated not to hoard than when they are. That pre-merger hoarding varies with different levels of social obligations vis-à-vis the amalgamation has implications for common-pool theory and for reformers of the structure of government.
The Wisdom Researchers and the Elephant: An Integrative Model of Wise Behavior
Authors: Glück Judith , Weststrate Nic M.
Published: June 2022

This article proposes an integrative model of wise behavior in real life. While current research findings depend considerably on how wisdom is conceptualized and measured, there are strong conceptual commonalities across psychological wisdom models. The proposed model integrates the components of several existing models into a dynamic framework explaining wise behavior. The article first specifies which real-life situations require wisdom and discusses characteristics of wise behavior. The core proposition of the model is that in challenging real-life situations, noncognitive wisdom components (an exploratory orientation, concern for others, and emotion regulation) moderate the effect of cognitive components (knowledge, metacognitive capacities, and self-reflection) on wise behavior. The model can explain the situation specificity of wisdom and the commonalities and differences between personal and general wisdom. Empirically, it accounts for the considerable variation in correlations among wisdom measures and between wisdom measures and other variables. The model has implications for the design of wisdom-fostering interventions and new wisdom measures.
Social Movements as Parsimonious Explanations for Implicit and Explicit Attitude Change
Authors: Sawyer Jeremy E. , Gampa Anup
Published: June 2022

Recently, interest in aggregate and population-level implicit and explicit attitudes has opened inquiry into how attitudes relate to sociopolitical phenomenon. This creates an opportunity to examine social movements as dynamic forces with the potential to generate widespread, lasting attitude change. Although collective action remains underexplored as a means of reducing bias, we advance historical and theoretical justifications for doing so. We review recent studies of aggregate attitudes through the lens of social movement theory, proposing movements as a parsimonious explanation for observed patterns. We outline a model for conceptualizing causal pathways between social movements and implicit and explicit attitudes among participants, supporters, bystanders, and opponents. We identify six categories of mechanisms through which movements may transform attitudes: changing society; media representations; intergroup contact and affiliation; empathy, perspective-taking, and reduced intergroup anxiety; social recategorization; and social identification and self-efficacy processes. Generative questions, testable hypotheses, and promising methods for future work are discussed.
Shp2 in Alveolar Macrophages Regulates Macrophage I Phenotype in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Wang Dawei , Cao Qiumei
Published: June 2022

Macrophage play important role in acute lung injury (ALI). This study aims to explore the possible role of Shp2 in regulating macrophage 1 (M1) in ALI progression. ALI was induced in rats by intravenous injection of lipopolysacharide (LPS). Lentivirus was used to knock down Shp2 expression. Lungs from LPS-induced ALI rats were evaluated by H&E staining and wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) measurement. The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected by ELISA. The expressions of M1 biomarker (iNOS) and macrophage 2 (M2) biomarker (Arg-1) in lung tissues and macrophages were measured by immunofluorescence and western blot. The ratio of M2/M1 was detected by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines were highly expressed in ALI rat models, in which elevated expression of iNOS and decreased Arg-1 expression were detected. Shp2 was found to be highly expressed in lung tissues of ALI rat models. LPS treatment in NR8383 cells lead to increased M1 phenotype and elevated expression of Shp2. Suppression on Shp2 expression can counteract the LPS-induced effect and further attenuate ALI progression. Evidence collected from ALI rat and cell models showed that suppression Shp2 expression in macrophages can inhibit M1 phenotype to attenuate ALI progression.
Estimating the impact of work difficulties, work self-efficacy and work psychological safety on MS-related work productivity loss
Authors: Bessing Barnabas , Claflin Suzi B , Taylor Bruce V , Blizzard Leigh , Honan Cynthia A , van Dijk Pieter , Kirk-Brown Andrea , van der Mei Ingrid
Published: June 2022

Background:

A comprehensive understanding of factors associated with multiple sclerosis (MS)-related work productivity loss will inform targeted interventions. We have previously shown the strong impact of symptom severity on MS-related work productivity loss. However, the effect of work difficulties, work self-efficacy and work psychological safety is yet to be well evaluated in this context.

Objectives:

This study evaluates the association between work difficulties, work self-efficacy and work psychological safety, and MS-related presenteeism, absenteeism and total work productivity loss.

Methods:

We analysed data from employed participants of the Australian MS Longitudinal Study (AMSLS) who took part in both the 2015 Medication and Disease Course survey, and 2015 Employment survey ( n = 744). Data were analysed using Cragg Hurdle regression models.

Results:

We found that low workplace self-esteem, interpersonal difficulties at work and work self-efficacy were associated with total work productivity loss. In a multivariable model, a 10-unit decrease in workplace self-esteem, increase in interpersonal difficulties at work and 5-unit increase in work self-efficacy were independently associated with a 3.75% increase, 2.89% increase and 3.36% reduction in total work productivity loss, respectively. When separating total work productivity loss in presenteeism and absenteeism, stronger effects were seen for presenteeism than absenteeism. Surprisingly, work psychological safety was not associated with MS-related work productivity loss.

Conclusion:

Work psychosocial well-being such as self-confidence at work, work self-efficacy and interpersonal difficulties at work are crucial factors governing work productivity in people with MS (PwMS). Multidisciplinary support team assistance of PwMS in symptom self-care, skills around effective communication about MS in the workplace, the psychological impact of work and the modification of work demands may positively influence the employment outcomes.
Economic inequality shapes the agency–communion content of gender stereotypes
Authors: Moreno-Bella Eva , Willis Guillermo B. , Quiroga-Garza Angélica , Moya Miguel
Published: June 2022

Economic inequality is a main issue in current societies, and it affects people’s psychological processes. In this research, we propose that perceived economic inequality might affect how people perceive men and women. In two experiments carried out in Spain ( N = 170) and Mexico ( N = 215), we tested whether high (vs. low) economic inequality leads to changes in the perceived agency and communion of both men and women. Our findings suggest that when economic inequality is high (vs. low), the communal content in social perceptions of both men and women decreases. Specifically, under high (vs. low) inequality, the difference in agency and communion ascribed to a man becomes greater (i.e., men are perceived as even more agentic than communal), whereas this difference becomes smaller for women (i.e., women are still perceived as more communal than agentic, but this difference is smaller). We discuss these findings’ implications regarding the psychosocial effects of economic inequality.
Politicization after the ‘end of nature’: The prospect of ecomodernism
Authors: Hällmark Kristin
Published: June 2022

A growing body of literature has argued that environmental discourses in general, and climate change in particular, have a tendency to become depoliticized. In this article, I discuss how the mechanisms of depoliticization can be traced back to the commonly deployed nature–society dualism. By analysing ecomodernism, one of the most prominent articulations of politics in the Anthropocene, I assess the recent suggestion that the ‘end of nature’-thesis could provide a way out of this dualism and the related problem of depoliticization. I argue that while early ecomodernism showed great prospect in overcoming the depoliticization of environmental discourses by effectively challenging the externalization of nature from society, and critically questioning technocratic solutions, later ecomodernism displays a more depoliticized vision of environmental politics, one which once again separates nature from society, and places it in the realm of necessity, rather than contingency.
Fuel economy benefits in internal combustion engines due to soot restructuring in the particulate filter by water injection
Authors: Serrano José Ramón , Piqueras Pedro , Angiolini Emanuele , García-Afonso Óscar
Published: June 2022

Wall-flow particulate filters are key elements to control particulate matter emissions. The stricter emission standards also for non-road mobility machinery makes this device essential to improve the air quality in the short to medium term. However, their high filtration efficiency brings with it an increase in backpressure. This effect becomes more damaging as particles get accumulated in the filter and in hybrid vehicles where exhaust temperature are lower due to more frequent cold starts. Pre-filter water injection is a proven method to reduce the impact of soot load on the pressure drop avoiding the fuel consumption increase. In this paper, the effect of pre-filter water injections is analysed in engine and flow test rig environments. After verifying the impact of consecutive injection events on fuel consumption, the filter was loaded and divided into quarters. These were studied one at a time in flow test rig to separate soot mal-distribution from water drag effects. A wide range of conditions were tested to assess the change in pressure drop generated by a single injection. With this reference, the soot restructuring pattern was analysed employing optical techniques. These provided evidences of the way the soot fragments got released from the particulate layer and moved towards the inlet channels rear end. Additionally, a closer look into the porous wall micro-structure provided insights explaining the lack of effect on filtration efficiency. These results provide a basis for synergistic removal of vehicle condensates for use in fuel consumption reduction.
Reciprocal libertarianism
Authors: Intropi Pietro
Published: June 2022

Reciprocal libertarianism is a version of left-wing libertarianism that combines self-ownership with an egalitarian distribution of resources according to reciprocity. In this paper, I show that reciprocal libertarianism is a coherent and appealing view. I discuss how reciprocal libertarians can handle conflicts between self-ownership and reciprocity, and I show that reciprocal libertarianism can be realised in a framework of individual ownership of external resources or in a socialist scheme of common ownership (libertarian socialism). I also compare reciprocal libertarianism with left-libertarian approaches: I argue that a reciprocity-sensitive version of left-libertarianism (reciprocal left-libertarianism) is coherent and morally superior to traditional left-libertarianism, on grounds of incorporating a distinctively solidaristic and recognition-oriented aspect of equality. The policy implications of reciprocal libertarianism will differ depending on which rights people can have over external resources, but all reciprocal libertarian views acknowledge the existence of social rights that people have as co-operators.
Tell Us How You Feel: Emotional Appeals for Votes in Presidential Primaries
Authors: Scott Zachary A. , McDonald Jared
Published: June 2022

Emotions are an important feature of representation, as they allow politicians to reflect the feelings of their constituents. Yet studies of elites’ use of emotions have been confined to examinations of strategic incentives. We build on these studies by incorporating elites’ group identities as a theoretical consideration. Our theory blends perspectives on the group identities of partisanship, gender, and race with political psychology research on emotions. We hypothesize that Republicans use more fear and disgust language than Democrats, that women candidates use more joy language than men candidates, and that Black candidates use less anger than white candidates. We test these hypotheses by applying emotional sentiment dictionaries to a corpus of primary candidates’ speeches. The evidence supports our claim that Republicans use more fear and that women use more joy, but we find no significant differences in the use of disgust and anger language by partisanship and race, respectively.
A Qualitative Study Exploring Feasibility and Acceptability of Acupuncture, Yoga, and Mindfulness Meditation for Managing Weight After Breast Cancer
Authors: Ee Carolyn , Singleton Anna C. , de Manincor Michael , Elder Elisabeth , Davis Nikki , Mitchell Christine , Dune Tinashe , MacMillan Freya , McBride Kate , Grant Suzanne
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Weight gain is common after breast cancer. Yoga, mindfulness meditation, and acupuncture may assist with managing weight. However, evidence on effectiveness is limited. This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting for and implementing a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating these interventions as adjuncts to lifestyle interventions (diet and exercise) for weight management in women with breast cancer.

Methods:

Qualitative study involving virtual focus groups or semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited via email invitation from a breast cancer consumer organization and breast cancer center in Australia. Eligible participants had received treatment for breast cancer, and were fluent in English. A purposive sample of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) participants was also recruited. Focus groups and interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis with the constant comparison method.

Results:

Emails were sent to 1415 women of which 37 provided data in 5 focus groups and 1 semi-structured interview, including 1 focus group (n = 6) with only women from CALD backgrounds. Yoga and mindfulness meditation were perceived as feasible and acceptable for weight management, but acupuncture was seen to be too invasive to be acceptable. A focus on wellness rather than weight reduction, flexible program delivery, trusted advice, consideration of participant burden and benefit, and peer-support were key factors perceived to increase feasibility and acceptability.

Conclusions:

Yoga and mindfulness meditation are acceptable and useful adjuncts to lifestyle interventions for weight management after breast cancer. This research places end-users at the forefront of trial design, and will inform future trials using these interventions for weight management and improving health and wellbeing after breast cancer.
Discursive diversion: Manipulation of nuclear threats by the conservative leaders in Japan and Israel
Authors: Watanabe Kohei , Segev Elad , Tago Atsushi
Published: June 2022

We study how leaders of parliamentary democracies attempt to trigger the “rally-around-the-flag” effect through the mass media. We have collected news articles on North Korea and Iran published by liberal and conservative newspapers in Japan and Israel from 2009 to 2018 and analysed them in terms of their emphasis on threats, employing semi-supervised quantitative text analysis techniques. We find that both Japanese and Israeli conservative newspapers overemphasised nuclear threats before important political events (enactment of Japan's National Security Laws and Israel's 2014 General Election). We argue that leaders of countries that lack opportunities or capabilities often attempt to manipulate perceived threats through the mass media, calling such actions discursive diversion. We explain the similarity between the Japanese and Israeli cases by the following factors. Firstly, the diminishing political gains from the successful economic reforms in the earlier years; Secondly, the increasing opposition in the legislature or competition in the elections; Thirdly, the lack of the countries’ ability to solve the security issues unilaterally; Finally, the diplomatic and military relationship with the United States.
Optimising the use of cell salvage in revision hip arthroplasty
Authors: Walker Lucy C , Halliwell Emma , Veitch Stephen W
Published: June 2022

Background:

Intraoperative cell salvage is an established method to reduce the requirement for and the volume of allogenic blood transfusion but adds to the financial cost of performing surgery.

Aims:

The primary aim of this study was to determine which patients and what type of revision hip surgery benefit most from intraoperative cell salvage.

Methods:

This observational study included patients who underwent revision hip surgery performed by the senior author at a single orthopaedic unit. The cohort was divided into single and two-component revision groups; then, the transfusion requirement combined with analysis of patient factors was used to create a decision-making protocol.

Findings:

The two-component group had a significantly higher number of cases using cell salvage and a higher total transfusion volume. Patients who required postoperative allogenic blood transfusions had a higher mean age, were less likely to have received tranexamic acid and had a lower preoperative haemoglobin level.

Conclusion:

Based on these results, a decision-making protocol was developed for when to use cell salvage in revision hip surgery.
Missing the trees for the forest: most subgroup analyses using forest plots at the ASCO annual meeting are inconclusive
Authors: Hahn Andrew W. , Dizman Nazli , Msaouel Pavlos
Published: June 2022

Background:

Oncologists often refer to forest plots to determine which patient subgroups may be more likely to benefit from a therapy tested in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). We sought to empirically determine the information content of subgroup comparisons from forest plots of RCTs.

Methods:

We assessed all forest plots from RCTs of therapeutic interventions presented orally at the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meetings in 2020 and 2021. Subgroups were considered as showing evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity in forest plots when their confidence intervals (CIs) did not overlap with the vertical line corresponding to the main effect observed in the overall RCT cohort. Subgroups were considered as showing evidence of treatment effect homogeneity in forest plots when their CIs did not meaningfully differ, within 80–125% equivalence range, with the values compatible with the main effect. All other subgroups were considered as inconclusive.

Results:

A total of 99 forest plots were presented, and only 24.2% contained one or more subgroups suggestive of treatment effect heterogeneity. A total of 81 forest plots provided enough information to evaluate treatment effect heterogeneity and homogeneity. These 81 forest plots represented a total of 1344 individual subgroups, of which 57.2% were inconclusive, 41.1% showed evidence of treatment effect homogeneity, and 1.6% yielded evidence suggestive of treatment effect heterogeneity.

Conclusion:

The majority of subgroup comparisons were inconclusive in this empirical analysis of forest plots used in oncology RCTs. Different strategies should be considered to improve the estimation and representation of subgroup-specific effects.
Effect of Diabetes on Tendon Structure and Function: Not Limited to Collagen Crosslinking
Authors: Vaidya Rachana , Lake Spencer P. , Zellers Jennifer A.
Published: June 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with musculoskeletal complications—including tendon dysfunction and injury. Patients with DM show altered foot and ankle mechanics that have been attributed to tendon dysfunction as well as impaired recovery post-tendon injury. Despite the problem of DM-related tendon complications, treatment guidelines specific to this population of individuals are lacking. DM impairs tendon structure, function, and healing capacity in tendons throughout the body, but the Achilles tendon is of particular concern and most studied in the diabetic foot. At macroscopic levels, asymptomatic, diabetic Achilles tendons may show morphological abnormalities such as thickening, collagen disorganization, and/or calcific changes at the tendon enthesis. At smaller length scales, DM affects collagen sliding and discrete plasticity due to glycation of collagen. However, how these alterations translate to mechanical deficits observed at larger length scales is an area of continued investigation. In addition to dysfunction of the extracellular matrix, tendon cells such as tenocytes and tendon stem/progenitor cells show significant abnormalities in proliferation, apoptosis, and remodeling capacity in the presence of hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end-products, thus contributing to the disruption of tendon homeostasis and healing. Improving our understanding of the effects of DM on tendons—from molecular pathways to patients—will progress toward targeted therapies in this group at high risk of foot and ankle morbidity.
Technology-supported strategies for promoting user engagement with digital mental health interventions: A systematic review
Authors: Gan Daniel Z Q , McGillivray Lauren , Larsen Mark E , Christensen Helen , Torok Michelle
Published: June 2022

Background

Although digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) offer a potential solution for increasing access to mental health treatment, their integration into real-world settings has been slow. A key reason for this is poor user engagement. A growing number of studies evaluating strategies for promoting engagement with DMHIs means that a review of the literature is now warranted. This systematic review is the first to synthesise evidence on technology-supported strategies for promoting engagement with DMHIs.

Methods

MEDLINE, EmbASE, PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched from 1 January 1995 to 1 October 2021. Experimental or quasi-experimental studies examining the effect of technology-supported engagement strategies deployed alongside DMHIs were included, as were secondary analyses of such studies. Title and abstract screening, full-text coding and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise findings from the included studies.

Results

24 studies (10,266 participants) were included. Engagement strategies ranged from reminders, coaching, personalised information and peer support. Most strategies were disseminated once a week, usually via email or telephone. There was some empirical support for the efficacy of technology-based strategies towards promoting engagement. However, findings were mixed regardless of strategy type or study aim.

Conclusions

Technology-supported strategies appear to increase engagement with DMHIs; however, their efficacy varies widely by strategy type. Future research should involve end-users in the development and evaluation of these strategies to develop a more cohesive set of strategies that are acceptable and effective for target audiences, and explore the mechanism(s) through which such strategies promote engagement.
Roll Up Your Sleeves: Servant Leadership as a Paradigm for the Challenging South African School Context?
Authors: Swart Christo , Pottas Lidia , Maree David , Graham Marien Alet
Published: June 2022

The South African educational system has challenges regarding learner outcomes of previously disadvantaged schools. New thinking is mandatory, and school leadership needs to play an significant role to improve the status quo. The servant leadership paradigm may be a substantial factor to counter the challenges. A quantitative approach measured the covariation between the servant leadership paradigm and its influence on the organizational climate of private schools to learn implementable lessons. The construct of servant leadership was explored via the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) of Van Dierendonck and Nuijten. According to Castro and Martins’s Climate Survey Questionnaire (CSQ), the organizational climate was analyzed. A total of 249 respondents, all permanently employed as educators from primary and secondary private schools, completed the survey questionnaires. It was found that private schools’ leadership exhibits the characteristics of the servant leadership practices of empowerment, stewardship, accountability, and humility. It was confirmed that private school leadership displays the organizational climate groupings of organizational image, teamwork, work environment, and leadership as priorities that increase constructive organizational climate in the school setting. Recommendation about the implication of these results to improve the disadvantaged school environment is discussed.
Unread History of an Erstwhile Manual Scavenging Community: From Being an Urban to a Marginalized
Authors: Ziyauddin K. M.
Published: June 2022

The article is based on an ethnography of community who had been historically manual scavengers in the Bengal Province later even in the state of Bihar and continued until the parliament enacted a law prohibiting this practice. The history of manual scavengers are well written in the context of their rehabilitation and occupational engagements but one community that merely got any attention was Hadi jati (caste), who have been doing the menial job for generations in the Jharkhand region. Off beat, they are referred as Safai Karamchari on the roll of municipal administration for technical purposes but the people living in the town popularly refer them as Hadis. This article is an attempt to bring the historical existence of Hadis in the region who served in the kingdom, royal and feudal families and later, in the independent India, continues in the contemporary urban settlements. An inquiry into the historicity of Hadis brings a sociological insights to a neglected and marginalized section of the urban India and shows the tyranny and continuation of caste-based traditional in a town that could see the earliest public sector steel conglomerate established in 1968. In view of this background, there is a humble attempt to examine the process of marginalization of Hadis in the historical and contemporary social structure.
MetaGS: an accurate method to impute and combine SNP effects across populations using summary statistics
Authors: Jighly Abdulqader , Benhajali Haifa , Liu Zengting , Goddard Mike E.
Published: June 2022

Background

Meta-analysis describes a category of statistical methods that aim at combining the results of multiple studies to increase statistical power by exploiting summary statistics. Different industries that use genomic prediction do not share their raw data due to logistic or privacy restrictions, which can limit the size of their reference populations and creates a need for a practical meta-analysis method.

Results

We developed a meta-analysis, named MetaGS, that duplicates the results of multi-trait best linear unbiased prediction (mBLUP) analysis without accessing raw data. MetaGS exploits the correlations among different populations to produce more accurate population-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects. The method improves SNP effect estimations for a given population depending on its relations to other populations. MetaGS was tested on milk, fat and protein yield data of Australian Holstein and Jersey cattle and it generated very similar genomic estimated breeding values to those produced using the mBLUP method for all traits in both breeds. One of the major difficulties when combining SNP effects across populations is the use of different variants for the populations, which limits the applications of meta-analysis in practice. We solved this issue by developing a method to impute missing summary statistics without using raw data. Our results showed that imputing summary statistics can be done with high accuracy (r > 0.9) even when more than 70% of the SNPs were missing with a minimal effect on prediction accuracy.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that MetaGS can replace the mBLUP model when raw data cannot be shared, which can lead to more flexible collaborations compared to the single-trait BLUP model.