bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Summit Delivers Some Measures But Doesn’t Go Far Enough
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: September 2019

Scientists, politicians, and activists say the announced actions and initiative are positive but insufficient measures.
Biologically encoded magnonics
Authors: Zingsem Benjamin W. , Feggeler Thomas , Terwey Alexandra , Ghaisari Sara , Spoddig Detlef , Faivre Damien , Meckenstock Ralf , Farle Michael , Winklhofer Michael
Published: September 2019

Spin wave logic circuits using quantum oscillations of spins (magnons) as carriers of information have been proposed for next generation computing with reduced energy demands and the benefit of easy parallelization. Current realizations of magnonic devices have micrometer sized patterns. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of biogenic nanoparticle chains as the first step to truly nanoscale magnonics at room temperature. Our measurements on magnetosome chains (ca 12 magnetite crystals with 35 nm particle size each), combined with micromagnetic simulations, show that the topology of the magnon bands, namely anisotropy, band deformation, and band gaps are determined by local arrangement and orientation of particles, which in turn depends on the genotype of the bacteria. Our biomagnonic approach offers the exciting prospect of genetically engineering magnonic quantum states in nanoconfined geometries. By connecting mutants of magnetotactic bacteria with different arrangements of magnetite crystals, novel architectures for magnonic computing may be (self-) assembled.
3/2 fractional quantum Hall plateau in confined two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Fu Hailong , Wu Yijia , Zhang Ruoxi , Sun Jian , Shan Pujia , Wang Pengjie , Zhu Zheyi , Pfeiffer L. N. , West K. W. , Liu Haiwen , Xie X. C. , Lin Xi
Published: September 2019

Even-denominator fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states, such as 5/2 and 7/2, have been well known in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) for decades and are still investigated as candidates of non-Abelian statistics. In this paper, we present the observation of a 3/2 FQH plateau in a single-layer 2DEG with lateral confinement at a bulk filling factor of 5/3. The 3/2 FQH plateau is quantized at $$\left( {\frac{h}{{e^2}}} \right)/\left( {\frac{3}{2}} \right)$$

h

e

2

∕

3

2

within 0.02%, and can survive up to 300 mK. This even-denominator FQH plateau may imply intriguing edge structure and excitation in FQH system with lateral confinement. The observations in this work demonstrate that understanding the effect of the lateral confinement on the many-body system is critical in the pursuit of important theoretical proposals involving edge physics, such as the demonstration of non-Abelian statistics and the realization of braiding for fault-tolerant quantum computation.
The role of marine sediment diagenesis in the modern oceanic magnesium cycle
Authors: Berg Richard D. , Solomon Evan A. , Teng Fang-Zhen
Published: September 2019

The oceanic magnesium cycle is largely controlled by continental weathering and marine authigenic mineral formation, which are intimately linked to long-term climate. Uncertainties in the magnesium cycle propagate into other chemical budgets, and into interpretations of paleo-oceanographic reconstructions of seawater δ26Mg and Mg/Ca ratios. Here, we produce a detailed global map of the flux of dissolved magnesium from the ocean into deeper marine sediments (greater than ∼1 meter below seafloor), and quantify the global flux and associated isotopic fractionation. We find that this flux accounts for 15–20% of the output of magnesium from the ocean, with a flux-weighted fractionation factor of ∼0.9994 acting to increase the magnesium isotopic ratio in the ocean. Our analysis provides the best constraints to date on the sources and sinks that define the oceanic magnesium cycle, including new constraints on the output flux of magnesium and isotopic fractionation during low-temperature ridge flank hydrothermal circulation.
Nlrp1b1 negatively modulates obesity-induced inflammation by promoting IL-18 production
Authors: Salazar-León Jonathan , Valdez-Hernández Ana Laura , García-Jiménez Sara , Román-Domínguez Luis , Huanosta-Murillo Enrique , Bonifaz Laura C. , Pérez-Martínez Leonor , Pedraza-Alva Gustavo
Published: September 2019

Obesity-induced inflammation, triggered by lipid-mediated activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, results in glucose metabolism alterations and type 2 diabetes. This knowledge has been generated using animals deficient for any of the different components of this inflammasome (Caspase-1, Asc or Nlrp3) in the C57BL/6 background. Unlike C57BL/6 mice, which carry allele 2 of the Nlrp1b gene (Nlrp1b2), Balb/c mice that carry allele 1 (Nlrp1b1) are less prone to develop alterations in the glucose metabolism when fed with a high fat diet. However, the molecular bases for these metabolic differences are unknown. Here we show that the Nlrp1b1 allele down regulates the adipose tissue inflammatory response attenuating glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in obese C57BL/mice. Our results indicate that the positive effects of the Nlrp1b1 inflammasome on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity involve IL-18-mediated effects on lipolysis, pointing out that differential expression of allelic variants of genes coding for inflammasome components might control susceptibility or resistance to develop diabetes in obese individuals.
Mining MYB transcription factors from the genomes of orchids (Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium) and characterization of an orchid R2R3-MYB gene involved in water-soluble polysaccharide biosynthesis
Authors: He Chunmei , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Wang Haobin , Si Can , Zhang Mingze , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Mingzhi , Tan Jianwen , Duan Jun
Published: September 2019

Members of the MYB superfamily act as regulators in a wide range of biological processes in plants. Despite this, the MYB superfamily from the Orchidaceae has not been identified, and MYB genes related to bioactive water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP) biosynthesis are relatively unknown. In this study, we identified 159 and 165 MYB genes from two orchids, Phalaenopsis equestris and Dendrobium officinale, respectively. The MYB proteins were classified into four MYB classes in both orchids: MYB-related (MYBR), R2R3-MYB, 3R-MYB and atypical MYB proteins. The MYBR proteins in both orchids were classified into five subfamilies and 12 genes were strongly up-regulated in response to cold stress in D. officinale. The R2R3-MYB proteins were both divided into 31 clades in P. equestris and D. officinale. Among these clades, nine contained MYB TFs related to secondary cell wall biosynthesis or testa mucilage biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. In D. officinale, 10 candidate genes showed an expression pattern corresponding to changes in the WSP content. Overexpression of one of these candidate genes (DoMYB75) in A. thaliana increased seed WSP content by about 14%. This study provides information about MYB genes in two orchids that will further help to understand the transcriptional regulation of WSP biosynthesis in these orchids as well as other plant species.
Echo State Networks with Self-Normalizing Activations on the Hyper-Sphere
Authors: Verzelli Pietro , Alippi Cesare , Livi Lorenzo
Published: September 2019

Among the various architectures of Recurrent Neural Networks, Echo State Networks (ESNs) emerged due to their simplified and inexpensive training procedure. These networks are known to be sensitive to the setting of hyper-parameters, which critically affect their behavior. Results show that their performance is usually maximized in a narrow region of hyper-parameter space called edge of criticality. Finding such a region requires searching in hyper-parameter space in a sensible way: hyper-parameter configurations marginally outside such a region might yield networks exhibiting fully developed chaos, hence producing unreliable computations. The performance gain due to optimizing hyper-parameters can be studied by considering the memory–nonlinearity trade-off, i.e., the fact that increasing the nonlinear behavior of the network degrades its ability to remember past inputs, and vice-versa. In this paper, we propose a model of ESNs that eliminates critical dependence on hyper-parameters, resulting in networks that provably cannot enter a chaotic regime and, at the same time, denotes nonlinear behavior in phase space characterized by a large memory of past inputs, comparable to the one of linear networks. Our contribution is supported by experiments corroborating our theoretical findings, showing that the proposed model displays dynamics that are rich-enough to approximate many common nonlinear systems used for benchmarking.
Cisplatin bioconjugated enzymatic GNPs amplify the effect of cisplatin with acquiescence
Authors: Iram Sana , Zahera Manaal , Wahid Iram , Baker Abu , Raish Mohammad , Khan Altaf , Ali Naushad , Ahmad Saheem , Khan Mohd Sajid
Published: September 2019

Enzymatic gold nanoparticles (B-GNPs) have been synthesized using a natural anticancer agent bromelain (a cysteine protease) and these nanoparticles were used to bioconjugate Cisplatin (highly effective against osteosarcoma and lung cancer). Cisplatin bioconjugated bromelain encapsulated gold nanoparticles (B-C-GNPs) were found profoundly potent against same cancers at much lower concentration with minimum side effects due to the synergistic effect of bromelain. The B-C-GNPs have been observed to inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell lines Saos-2 and MG-63 with IC50estimation of 4.51 µg/ml and 3.21 µg/ml, respectively, and against small lung cancer cell line A-549 with IC502.5 µg/ml which is lower than IC50of cisplatin against same cell lines. The B-GNPs/B-C-GNPs were characterized by TEM, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Zeta potential and DLS to confirm the production, purity, crystalline nature, stability of nanoemulsion, size and shape distribution. The change in 2D and 3D conformation of bromelain after encapsulation was studied by Circular Dichroism and Fluorometry, respectively. It was found that after encapsulation, a 19.4% loss in secondary structure was observed, but tertiary structure was not altered significantly and this loss improved the anticancer activity. The confirmation of bioconjugation of cisplatin with B-GNPs was done by UV-Visible spectroscopy, TEM, FTIR, 2D1H NMR DOSY and ICP-MS. Further, it was found that almost ~4 cisplatin molecules bound with each B-GNPs nanoparticle.
L-type voltage-gated calcium channel regulation of in vitro human cortical neuronal networks
Authors: Plumbly William , Brandon Nick , Deeb Tarek Z. , Hall Jeremy , Harwood Adrian J.
Published: September 2019

The combination of in vitro multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) and the neuronal differentiation of stem cells offers the capability to study human neuronal networks from patient or engineered human cell lines. Here, we use MEA-based assays to probe synaptic function and network interactions of hiPSC-derived neurons. Neuronal network behaviour first emerges at approximately 30 days of culture and is driven by glutamate neurotransmission. Over a further 30 days, inhibitory GABAergic signalling shapes network behaviour into a synchronous regular pattern of burst firing activity and low activity periods. Gene mutations in L-type voltage gated calcium channel subunit genes are strongly implicated as genetic risk factors for the development of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We find that, although basal neuronal firing rate is unaffected, there is a dose-dependent effect of L-type voltage gated calcium channel inhibitors on synchronous firing patterns of our hiPSC-derived neural networks. This demonstrates that MEA assays have sufficient sensitivity to detect changes in patterns of neuronal interaction that may arise from hypo-function of psychiatric risk genes. Our study highlights the utility of in vitro MEA based platforms for the study of hiPSC neural network activity and their potential use in novel compound screening.
Nonlinear heart rate variability biomarkers for gastric cancer severity: A pilot study
Authors: Shi Bo , Wang Lili , Yan Chang , Chen Deli , Liu Mulin , Li Peng
Published: September 2019

Identifying prognostic factors by affordable tools is crucial for guiding gastric cancer (GC) treatments especially at earlier stages for timing interventions. The autonomic function that is clinically assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) is involved in tumorigenesis. This pilot study was aimed to examine whether nonlinear indices of HRV can be biomarkers of GC severity. Sixty-one newly-diagnosed GC patients were enrolled. Presurgical serum fibrinogen (FIB), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA199) were examined. Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) of 5-min was collected prior to surgical treatments to enable the HRV analysis. Twelve nonlinear HRV indices covering the irregularity, complexity, asymmetry, and temporal correlation of heartbeat fluctuations were obtained. Increased short-range temporal correlations, decreased asymmetry, and increased irregularity of heartbeat fluctuations were associated with higher FIB level. Increased irregularity and decreased complexity were also associated with higher CEA level. These associations were independent of age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, history of diabetes, left ventricular ejection fraction, and anemia. The results support the hypothesis that perturbations in nonlinear dynamical patterns of HRV predict increased GC severity. Replication in larger samples as well as the examination of longitudinal associations of HRV nonlinear features with cancer prognosis/survival are warranted.
Circulating Sphingosine-1-Phosphate as A Non-Invasive Biomarker of Heart Transplant Rejection
Authors: Tarazón Estefanía , Gil-Cayuela Carolina , Manzanares María García , Roca Marta , Lago Francisca , González-Juanatey José Ramón , Sánchez-Lacuesta Elena , Martínez-Dolz Luis , Portolés Manuel , Roselló-Lletí Esther
Published: September 2019

Accumulating evidence has confirmed that the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) is downregulated in heart failure and cardiac allograft rejection. Although many SERCA2a-related genes and proteins involved in the regulation of myocardial Ca2+fluxes have been explored, its related metabolites remain poorly studied. Our main objective was to identify circulating SERCA2a-related metabolites altered in cardiac allograft rejection and to determine whether these could serve as non-invasive biomarkers. Sixty plasma samples from adult heart transplant were included in a metabolomic analysis. Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), metabolite closely related with SERCA, were increased in patients with cardiac rejection (p < 0.0001). S1P discriminated between patients with and without rejection: normal grafts vs. all rejecting grafts (AUC = 0.911, p < 0.0001), normal grafts vs. Grade 1 R (AUC = 0.819, p < 0.01), Grade 2 R (AUC = 0.911, p < 0.0001), Grade 3 R (AUC = 0.996, p < 0.0001). In addition, we found changes in key enzymes and receptors of S1P pathway analysed on explanted hearts from heart failure patients. This preliminary study reveals that circulating S1P determination could be a novel approach to detect cardiac rejection, showing a robust capability for detection that improves gradually with the severity of rejection. These alterations could be relevant to better understand the involvement of calcium regulation on the pathophysiology of rejection.
Extra-axonal restricted diffusion as an in-vivo marker of reactive microglia
Authors: Taquet Maxime , Jankovski Aleksandar , Rensonnet Gaëtan , Jacobs Damien , des Rieux Anne , Macq Benoît , Warfield Simon K. , Scherrer Benoît
Published: September 2019

Reactive microgliosis is an important pathological component of neuroinflammation and has been implicated in a wide range of brain diseases including brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia. Mapping reactive microglia in-vivo is often performed with PET scanning whose resolution, cost, and availability prevent its widespread use. The advent of diffusion compartment imaging (DCI) to probe tissue microstructure in vivo holds promise to map reactive microglia using MRI scanners. But this potential has never been demonstrated. In this paper, we performed longitudinal DCI in rats that underwent dorsal root axotomy triggering Wallerian degeneration of axons—a pathological process which reliably activates microglia. After the last DCI at 51 days, rats were sacrificed and histology with Iba-1 immunostaining for microglia was performed. The fraction of extra-axonal restricted diffusion from DCI was found to follow the expected temporal dynamics of reactive microgliosis. Furthermore, a strong and significant correlation between this parameter and histological measurement of microglial density was observed. These findings strongly suggest that extra-axonal restricted diffusion is an in-vivo marker of reactive microglia. They pave the way for MRI-based microglial mapping which may be important to characterize the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Characterizing the Process Physics of Ultrasound-Assisted Bioprinting
Authors: Chansoria Parth , Shirwaiker Rohan
Published: September 2019

3D bioprinting has been evolving as an important strategy for the fabrication of engineered tissues for clinical, diagnostic, and research applications. A major advantage of bioprinting is the ability to recapitulate the patient-specific tissue macro-architecture using cellular bioinks. The effectiveness of bioprinting can be significantly enhanced by incorporating the ability to preferentially organize cellular constituents within 3D constructs to mimic the intrinsic micro-architectural characteristics of native tissues. Accordingly, this work focuses on a new non-contact and label-free approach called ultrasound-assisted bioprinting (UAB) that utilizes acoustophoresis principle to align cells within bioprinted constructs. We describe the underlying process physics and develop and validate computational models to determine the effects of ultrasound process parameters (excitation mode, excitation time, frequency, voltage amplitude) on the relevant temperature, pressure distribution, and alignment time characteristics. Using knowledge from the computational models, we experimentally investigate the effect of selected process parameters (frequency, voltage amplitude) on the critical quality attributes (cellular strand width, inter-strand spacing, and viability) of MG63 cells in alginate as a model bioink system. Finally, we demonstrate the UAB of bilayered constructs with parallel (0°–0°) and orthogonal (0°–90°) cellular alignment across layers. Results of this work highlight the key interplay between the UAB process design and characteristics of aligned cellular constructs, and represent an important next step in our ability to create biomimetic engineered tissues.
Multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering highlights state of chromatin condensation in CH region
Authors: Guerenne-Del Ben Tiffany , Rajaofara Zakaniaina , Couderc Vincent , Sol Vincent , Kano Hideaki , Leproux Philippe , Petit Jean-Michel
Published: September 2019

Coherent Raman microscopy has become a powerful tool in label-free, non-destructive and fast cell imaging. Here we apply high spectral resolution multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (MCARS) microspectroscopy in the high wavenumber region to the study of the cell cycle. We show that heterochromatin - the condensed state of chromatin - can be visualised by means of the vibrational signature of proteins taking part in its condensation. Thus, we are able to identify chromosomes and their movement during mitosis, as well as structures like nucleoli and nuclear border in interphase. Furthermore, the specific organization of the endoplasmic reticulum during mitosis is highlighted. Finally, we stress that MCARS can reveal the biochemical impact of the fixative method at the cellular level. Beyond the study of the cell cycle, this work introduces a label-free imaging approach that enables the visualization of cellular processes where chromatin undergoes rearrangements.
Rapid screening of new organic sulfates and alkaloids in single plant cells using nanospray high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Chang Qing , Peng Yue'e , Shi Bin , Hu Shenghong , Shuai Qin
Published: September 2019

A new screening method of bioactive compounds with characteristic groups in single cells has been developed using nanospray high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Butterfly architecture of NIR Aza-BODIPY small molecules decorated with phenothiazine or phenoxazine
Authors: Rao Ravulakollu Srinivasa , Yadagiri B. , Sharma Ganesh D. , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: September 2019

This is the first report on the highest efficiency NIR absorbing Aza-Bodipy small molecules.
Design of photo-activated molecular machines: highlights from the past ten years
Authors: Groppi Jessica , Baroncini Massimo , Venturi Margherita , Silvi Serena , Credi Alberto
Published: September 2019

Researchers continue to generate ingenious (supra)molecular structures in which light can trigger controlled and directed movements of the components.
Heterocumulenic carbene nitric oxide radical OCCNO˙
Authors: Lu Bo , Song Chao , Qian Weiyu , Wu Zhuang , Császár Attila G. , Zeng Xiaoqing
Published: September 2019

The elusive heterocumulenic radical OCCNO˙, generated by combining unsaturated carbene OCC with ˙NO, dissociates by breaking the C–C bond and yields a long-sought radical CNO˙ (X2Π).
Two telomerase-targeting Pt(ii) complexes of jatrorrhizine and berberine derivatives induce apoptosis in human bladder tumor cells
Authors: Qin Qi-Pin , Wang Zhen-Feng , Huang Xiao-Ling , Tan Ming-Xiong , Luo Zhi-Hui , Wang Shu-Long , Zou Bi-Qun , Liang Hong
Published: September 2019

Two novel jatrorrhizine and berberine Pt(ii) complexes Pt1 and Pt2 were first prepared as desirable luminescent agents for cellular applications and potent telomerase inhibitors, which also can induce T-24 tumor cell apoptosis.
Comment on “Unbiased solar H2 production with current density up to 23 mA cm−2 by Swiss-cheese black Si coupled with wastewater bioanode” by L. Lu, W. Vakki, J. A. Aguiar, C. Xiao, K. Hurst, M. Fairchild, X. Chen, F. Yang, J. Gu and Z. J. Ren, Energy Environ. Sci., 2019, 12, 1088
Authors: Lu Lu , Gu Jing , Ren Zhiyong Jason
Published: September 2019

A hybrid microbial photoelectrochemical (MPEC) system recently reported by Lu et al. achieved a high photocurrent density of up to 23 mA cm−2 on the basis of area of a small photocathode matched to a larger bioanode.
Sn–Al-USY for the valorization of glucose to methyl lactate: switching from hydrolytic to retro-aldol activity by alkaline ion exchange
Authors: Iglesias Jose , Moreno Jovita , Morales Gabriel , Melero Juan A. , Juárez Pablo , López-Granados Manuel , Mariscal Rafael , Martínez-Salazar Irene
Published: September 2019

The catalytic activity of Sn–Al-USY zeolites is switched from hydrolytic to retro-aldol condensation for the transformation of glucose to methyl lactate.
MOF-based fibrous membranes adsorb PM efficiently and capture toxic gases selectively
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Xu Wenshi , Gu Jin'ge , Yan Xiaoying , Chen Yi , Guo Mengyu , Zhou Guoqiang , Tong Shengrui , Ge Maofa , Liu Ying , Chen Chunying
Published: September 2019

MOF-surface-grown fibrous membranes adsorb PM efficiently and capture toxic gases selectively, while not being influenced by CO2 and O2.
Understanding the mechanism of metal-induced degradation in perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Saris Seryio , Niemann Valerie , Mantella Valeria , Loiudice Anna , Buonsanti Raffaella
Published: September 2019

Iodide migration and leaching out of the perovskite towards the metal, forming metal iodides, is identified as the main driving force behind the interaction between these two nanocrystals, eventually leading to the degradation of the perovskite.
Acetylene hydrochlorination over boron-doped Pd/HY zeolite catalysts
Authors: Wang Lu , Lian Lizhen , Yan Haijun , Wang Feng , Wang Jide , Yang Chao , Ma Lida
Published: September 2019

B doping partly weakens carbon deposition and Pd2+ reduction, thus enhancing catalytic stabilities of Pd/HY catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination.
Widely applicable phosphomolybdic acid doped poly(9-vinylcarbazole) hole transport layer for perovskite light-emitting devices
Authors: Wu Yanting , Xiao Zewu , He Lihong , Yang Xiaoli , Lian Yajun , Li Guoqing , Yang Xiaohui
Published: September 2019

Perovskite light-emitting devices using a PVK:PMA hole transport layer show robust performance, allowing the wide range selection of antisolvents and hole injection layers.
Mussel-inspired immobilization of Au on bare and graphene-wrapped Ni nanoparticles toward highly efficient and easily recyclable catalysts
Authors: Mahnaz Fatima , Mostafa-Al-Momin Mohammad , Rubel Md. , Ferdous Md. , Azam Md. Shafiul
Published: September 2019

Employing a bio-inspired strategy we combine Ni and Au nanoparticles into a single scaffold to achieve excellent synergistic catalysis along with high recyclability.
In situgeneration of sustainable PLA-based nanocomposites by shear induced crystallization of nanofibrillar inclusions
Authors: Hosseinnezhad Ramin , Vozniak Iurii , Morawiec Jerzy , Galeski Andrzej , Dutkiewicz Slawomir
Published: September 2019

In situformation of polymer nanofibrils during compounding with a second polymer followed by their immediate solidification due to shear induced crystallization for two pairs of polymers is described.
A single-phase white light emitting phosphor Ba3Y(PO4)3:Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+: luminescence, energy transfer and thermal stability
Authors: Chen Yun , Ding Wenge , Li Panlai , Li Xue , Bao Qi , Liu Jinjin , Qiu Keliang , Meng Xiangyu , Yang Zhiping , Wang Zhijun
Published: September 2019

A series of Ce3+/Tb3+, Tb3+/Mn2+ and Ce3+/Tb3+/Mn2+ doped Ba3Y(PO4)3 were synthesized by the high temperature solid state method.
Simple synthesis of new imidazopyridinone, pyridopyrimidinone, and thiazolopyridinone derivatives and optimization of reaction parameters using response surface methodology
Authors: Hosseini Fahimeh Sadat , Bayat Mohammad
Published: September 2019

The one-pot reaction of various diamines with cysteamine hydrochloride or 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethene, aromatic aldehydes, and Meldrum's acid led to pyridone compounds in good yields. The reaction conditions were optimized using response surface method.
Lanthanide chains containing the naphthalenyl nitronyl nitroxide radical
Authors: Sarmiento Charlie V. , Araujo Thamyres A. , Reis Samira G. , de Souza Mateus S. , Allão Cassaro Rafael A. , Novak Miguel A. , Vaz Maria G. F.
Published: September 2019

Three lanthanide(iii)–nitronil nitroxide chains containing polyaromatic naphthalenyl substituents have been synthesized and characterized. The dysprosium and terbium chains show single-chain magnet behavior.
Palladium(0)/benzoic acid catalysis merges sequences with D2O-promoted labelling of C–H bonds
Authors: Cera Gianpiero , Della Ca' Nicola , Maestri Giovanni
Published: September 2019

Simplicity brings supreme sophistication… and deuteration.
Catalytic, transannular carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions
Authors: Riehl Paul S. , Nasrallah Daniel J. , Schindler Corinna S.
Published: September 2019

Transannular carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions complement existing procedures for related ring-closing, ring-opening, and intermolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis. This enables molecular editing of steroid-derived frameworks.
Two-dimensional magnetic metal–organic frameworks with the Shastry-Sutherland lattice
Authors: Zhang Li-Chuan , Zhang Lizhi , Qin Guangzhao , Zheng Qing-Rong , Hu Ming , Yan Qing-Bo , Su Gang
Published: September 2019

Mn-PBP is discovered to be the first ferromagnetic 2D MOF with the Shastry-Sutherland lattice and the predicted Curie temperature is 105 K.
Rheology of active polar emulsions: from linear to unidirectional and inviscid flow, and intermittent viscosity
Authors: Negro G. , Carenza L. N. , Lamura A. , Tiribocchi A. , Gonnella G.
Published: September 2019

The rheological behaviour of an emulsion made of an extensile active polar component and an isotropic passive fluid is studied by lattice Boltzmann method. Different flow regimes, such as intermittent viscosity and unidirectional motion, are found.
Electroadhesion for soft adhesive pads and robotics: theory and numerical results
Authors: Persson Bo N. J. , Guo Jianglong
Published: September 2019

Soft adhesive pads are needed for many robotics applications, and one approach is based on electroadhesion.
The synergistic effect of cooperating solvent vapor annealing for high-efficiency planar inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yi Ahra , Chae Sangmin , Lee Hanbin , Kim Hyo Jung
Published: September 2019

We propose co-solvent vapor annealing (SVA) as an effective post-treatment process to improve the quality of crystals and grains for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.
Smart textiles in wound care: functionalization of cotton/PET blends with antimicrobial nanocapsules
Authors: Quartinello Felice , Tallian Claudia , Auer Julia , Schön Herta , Vielnascher Robert , Weinberger Simone , Wieland Karin , Weihs Anna M. , Herrero-Rollett Alexandra , Lendl Bernhard , Teuschl Andreas H. , Pellis Alessandro , Guebitz Georg M.
Published: September 2019

New antimicrobial pH-responsive wound dressings consisting of immobilized human serum albumin/silk fibroin nanocapsules were developed.
A linear D–π–A based hole transport material for high performance rigid and flexible planar organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kwon Haeun , Reddy Saripally Sudhaker , Arivunithi Veera Murugan , Jin Hyunjung , Park Ho-Yeol , Cho Woosum , Song Myungkwan , Jin Sung-Ho
Published: September 2019

A new class of HTM is designed by introducing the D–π–A approach. Dopant-free TPA-BP-OXD based solution processed planar i-PSCs on rigid and flexible substrates show PCEs of 15.46% and 12.90%, respectively, and the hysteresis is negligible with enhanced stability.
SPHERE: the exoplanet imager for the Very Large Telescope
Authors: Beuzit J.-L. , Vigan A. , Mouillet D. , Dohlen K. , Gratton R. , Boccaletti A. , Sauvage J.-F. , Schmid H. M. , Langlois M. , Petit C. , Baruffolo A. , Feldt M. , Milli J. , Wahhaj Z. , Abe L. , Anselmi U. , Antichi J. , Barette R. , Baudrand J. , Baudoz P. , Bazzon A. , Bernardi P. , Blanchard P. , Brast R. , Bruno P. , Buey T. , Carbillet M. , Carle M. , Cascone E. , Chapron F. , Charton J. , Chauvin G. , Claudi R. , Costille A. , De Caprio V. , de Boer J. , Delboulbé A. , Desidera S. , Dominik C. , Downing M. , Dupuis O. , Fabron C. , Fantinel D. , Farisato G. , Feautrier P. , Fedrigo E. , Fusco T. , Gigan P. , Ginski C. , Girard J. , Giro E. , Gisler D. , Gluck L. , Gry C. , Henning T. , Hubin N. , Hugot E. , Incorvaia S. , Jaquet M. , Kasper M. , Lagadec E. , Lagrange A.-M. , Le Coroller H. , Le Mignant D. , Le Ruyet B. , Lessio G. , Lizon J.-L. , Llored M. , Lundin L. , Madec F. , Magnard Y. , Marteaud M. , Martinez P. , Maurel D. , Ménard F. , Mesa D. , Möller-Nilsson O. , Moulin T. , Moutou C. , Origné A. , Parisot J. , Pavlov A. , Perret D. , Pragt J. , Puget P. , Rabou P. , Ramos J. , Reess J.-M. , Rigal F. , Rochat S. , Roelfsema R. , Rousset G. , Roux A. , Saisse M. , Salasnich B. , Santambrogio E. , Scuderi S. , Segransan D. , Sevin A. , Siebenmorgen R. , Soenke C. , Stadler E. , Suarez M. , Tiphène D. , Turatto M. , Udry S. , Vakili F. , Waters L. B. F. M. , Weber L. , Wildi F. , Zins G. , Zurlo A.
Published: September 2019

Observations of circumstellar environments that look for the direct signal of exoplanets and the scattered light from disks have significant instrumental implications. In the past 15 years, major developments in adaptive optics, coronagraphy, optical manufacturing, wavefront sensing, and data processing, together with a consistent global system analysis have brought about a new generation of high-contrast imagers and spectrographs on large ground-based telescopes with much better performance. One of the most productive imagers is the Spectro-Polarimetic High contrast imager for Exoplanets REsearch (SPHERE), which was designed and built for the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. SPHERE includes an extreme adaptive optics system, a highly stable common path interface, several types of coronagraphs, and three science instruments. Two of them, the Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) and the Infra-Red Dual-band Imager and Spectrograph (IRDIS), were designed to efficiently cover the near-infrared range in a single observation for an efficient search of young planets. The third instrument, ZIMPOL, was designed for visible polarimetric observation to look for the reflected light of exoplanets and the light scattered by debris disks. These three scientific instruments enable the study of circumstellar environments at unprecedented angular resolution, both in the visible and the near-infrared. In this work, we thoroughly present SPHERE and its on-sky performance after four years of operations at the VLT.
Detection of Hα emission from PZ Telescopii B using SPHERE/ZIMPOL
Authors: Musso Barcucci Arianna , Cugno Gabriele , Launhardt Ralf , Müller André , Szulagyi Judit , van Boekel Roy , Henning Thomas , Bonnefoy Mickael , Quanz Sascha P.
Published: September 2019

Hα is a powerful tracer of accretion and chromospheric activity, which has been detected in the case of young brown dwarfs and even recently in planetary mass companions (e.g. PDS70 b and c). Hα detections and characterisation of brown dwarf and planet companions can further our knowledge of their formation and evolution, and expanding such a sample is therefore our primary goal. We used the Zurich Imaging POLarimeter (ZIMPOL) of the SPHERE instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) to observe the known 38−72 MJ companion orbiting PZ Tel, obtaining simultaneous angular differential imaging observations in both continuum and narrow Hα band. We detect Hα emission from the companion, making this only the second Hα detection of a companion using the SPHERE instrument. We used our newly added astrometric measurements to update the orbital analysis of PZ Tel B, and we used our photometric measurements to evaluate the Hα line flux. Given the estimated bolometric luminosity, we obtained an Hα activity (log(LHα/Lbol)) between −4.16 and −4.31. The Hα activity of PZ Tel B is consistent with known average activity levels for M dwarf of the same spectral type. Given the absence of a known gaseous disk and the relatively old age of the system (24 Myr), we conclude that the Hα emission around PZ Tel B is likely due to chromospheric activity.
Impact of Climate Change on the Frequency and Severity of Floods in the Pasig-Marikina River Basin
Authors: Monjardin Cris Edward , Cabundocan Clarence , Ignacio Camille , Tesnado Christian Jedd
Published: September 2019

This study assessed impacts of climate change on the frequency and severity of floods in the Pasig-Marikina River basin. Researchers used the historical data from PAG-ASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration), specifically from Science Garden weather station. The historical data are coupled with a global climate model, the Hadley Center Model version 3 (HadCM3) to account for the natural variability of the climate system in the area. The observed data and the hydroclimatic data from HadCM3 was processed in Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) that results to rainfall data from 1961-2017 and change in temperature data from 2018-2048. A rainfall time series for the river basin was generated considering average seasonal effects in the area. A flood frequency curve was modelled. From that, flood value for 2048 was derived to be at 3950cu.m/s. Additionally, the rapid urbanization in the area has contributed to the changes in the river system making it more vulnerable to floods. The results of this study supports the claim that the Pasig-Marikina River basin will be affected by the climate variability in terms of the increase in rainfall depth and average temperatures, higher flood frequency and more massive floods in the future. This study could help local government units to enforce improvement and mitigation in their area to prevent these from happening.
Sustainable development of climate change resources: About recycling of water resources in Maple Park, Taichung, Taiwan.
Authors: Hsu Chang-Hsien , Hung Chiu-Yu
Published: September 2019

Water is an essential substance in the global environment that sustains the functioning of all ecosystems. In fact, the demand for water resources should not be limited to human activity systems. In terms of sustainable development of the environment, the distribution and development of water resources need to expand to the needs of other ecosystems on the planet. Taiwan is surrounded by the sea and is a typical island-type economic country. However, due to the young geology of Taiwan, the terrain is too large and undulating, so that the rainwater quickly flows into the ocean and is difficult to store. Taiwan has an average of 2,500 mm of rainfall per year[1].The rainfall in Taiwan is more than 2.6 times the global average, it is a country with abundant rainfall. At the same time, there is also a crisis of water shortage. Due to the narrowness, the steep mountains, and the heavily rain of typhoon, it quickly flows into the sea. So that even if the rain is more and more in Taiwan, it will not ease the problem of water shortage. Therefore, the application of circular economy and water reuse is more important. This study takes “Flood detention pond in Maple Park” as the object of discussion. Exploring how the Taichung City Government used the ecological park to achieve the role of reservoirs for flood detention and disaster prevention. In addition, how to use water resources efficiently to achieve sustainable development has become a major issue in modern times.
Response analysis of random base excitation ona magnetic bearing rotor system
Authors: Chen Jinping , Zhang Li , Luo Yanyan , Zhang Haining , Liu Jun
Published: September 2019

The magnetic bearing-rotor system is subject to various external disturbances in practical application. Under certain control conditions, the random response characteristics of the magnetic bearing-rotor system are a particular concern. This paper analyzes the response characteristics of base of the magnetic bearing subjected to acceleration random excitation in the horizontal direction. First, the magnetic bearing-rotor system model is deduced. Then, the random response of the rotor under acceleration random excitation is derived. The probability of the collision of the rotor between the auxiliary bearing is calculated and the example is given. The paper conclusion provides a theoretical basis for the collision detection and prediction of the magnetic bearing-rotor system.
Structural integrity analysis and experimental investigation for solid rocket motor grain subjected to low temperature ignition
Authors: Shen Zhi-Bin , Zhang Liang , Li Yi-Fei
Published: September 2019

The structural integrity of solid rocket motor(SRM) grain is severely tested owing to the combined action of low temperature and pressure load under the load case of low temperature ignition. The three dimensional finite element model of SRM was created to analyze the structural integrity of the SRM grain subjected to low temperature and ignition pressure based on three dimensional viscoelastic finite element method via MSC.Patran/Marc. Meanwhile, cold pressurization test was applied on certain SRM. The experimental result and numerical result were compared based on uncoupling principal of temperature and pressure. The result show that the safety factor of solid rocket motor grain is 2.46 which can meet the requirement of structural integrity. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. Relevant research methods and conclusions can provide reference for the design, analysis and test of SRMs.
A review of wind energy literature: alternative technologies for Central America
Authors: Edgardo-Portillo Nahun , Arita-Portillo Santos , Martinez-Martinez Jimy , Ortega-Jimenez Cesar H
Published: September 2019

Wind energy has proven to be one of the most viable sources of renewable energy. In this sense, although wind power generation systems have evolved considerably in size, capacity and design, it has not been possible to build an ideal system, due to the behaviour of the wind, which varies temporarily, being something uncontrollable that depends of its direction and affects the efficiency of a wind system. Specifically, this paper focuses on making a first literature review that identifies the best technologies that can be implemented in Central America (CA). Although the types of wind turbines most used in CA are three-blade horizontal axis, since they take advantage of the variability of the winds, this review shows there are other technologies in developed countries for obtaining kinetic energy, by means of vertical Rotors that can be implemented. The results obtained have practical implications in the adoption of alternative technologies for developing countries in CA.
Cirurgia em metástase vertebral: Proposta de modelo preditivo de morbimortalidade
Authors: Anzuatégui Pedro Reggiani , Cunha Luiz Antônio Munhoz da , Mello Glauco José Pauka , Stieven Filho Edmar , Graells Xavier Soler
Published: September 2019

Objetivo Desenvolver um modelo preditivo de morbimortalidade pós-operatória precoce com o intuito de auxiliar na seleção dos candidatos à cirurgia para metástase vertebral.

Métodos Análise retrospectiva de pacientes consecutivos operados por doença metastática vertebral. As características pré-operatórias consideradas possivelmente prognósticas foram: sexo, idade, comorbidades, velocidade de progressão tumoral e contagem de leucócitos e linfócitos no sangue periférico. Os desfechos pós-operatórios analisados foram: mortalidade em 30 dias e em 90 dias, e presença de complicações. Um modelo preditivo foi desenvolvido a partir de fatores independentemente associados a esses três desfechos. Testou-se então o modelo estabelecido quanto à tendência de prever eventos adversos, à capacidade de discriminação e à calibração.

Resultados Um total de 205 pacientes foram operados entre 2002 e 2015. A mortalidade em 30 dias e em 90 dias e a incidência de complicações foram de 17%, 42% e 31%, respectivamente. Os fatores independentemente associados a esses três desfechos, e que constituíram o modelo preditivo, foram: presença de comorbidades, tumor primário de progressão não lenta, e linfócitos abaixo de 1.000 células/µL. A exposição a nenhum, um, dois ou três fatores definiu as categorias do modelo preditivo: baixo, moderado, alto e de extremo risco, respectivamente. Comparando-se as categorias, houve aumento progressivo na ocorrência dos desfechos, seguindo tendência linear. A capacidade de discriminação foi de 72%, 73% e 70% para mortalidade em 30 dias, em 90 dias e incidência de complicações, respectivamente. Não ocorreu falta de calibração.

Conclusão O modelo preditivo permite estimar a morbimortalidade após a cirurgia para metástase vertebral e hierarquizar os riscos em baixo, moderado, alto e extremo.
Administrações Orais do Látex da Hancornia speciosa Gomes não aumentam a neoformação óssea
Authors: Felipetti Francielly Andressa , Bereta Rafaela Mariano , Piedade Sônia Maria Stefano , Novaes Pedro Duarte
Published: September 2019

Objetivo Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito sistêmico do látex de H. speciosas obre a neoformação óssea.

Métodos Para isso, o látex foi coletado e diluído a 3% e a 50%. Um total de 28 ratos Wistar foi submetido a cirurgia para a criação de um defeito de 5 mm de diâmetro no osso parietal. Esse experimento foi conduzido em dois períodos distintos: 1 e 2. Para cada período, os ratos foram divididos em 3 grupos: Grupo Controle, Grupo Látex3 e Grupo Látex50 que receberam, respectivamente, administrações diárias de 0,5 mL de água destilada, látex a 3% e látex a 50% por gavagem, via oral. Os ratos dos períodos 1 e 2 foram eutanasiados, respectivamente, 15 e 30 dias após a cirurgia e a calvária foi coletada. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando os testes ANOVA e Tukey; o nível de significância estabelecido foi 0,05.

Resultados Mostramos que, em cada período analisado, os grupos experimentais tiveram a mesma quantidade de osso neoformado no defeito da calvária.

Conclusão Portanto, concluímos que administrações diárias e orais do látex de H. speciosa a 3% e a 50% durante um período de 15 e 30 dias não contribui para o aumento da área do osso neoformado no defeito da calvária.
Enhancing the electroluminescence efficiency by controlling the migration of excited states to quenching sites in a truxene-based oligomer
Authors: Moghe Dhanashree , Dey Amrita , Kaur Banpreet , Jacob Josemon , Kabra Dinesh
Published: September 2019

Control of unwanted low-energy emission originating due to trap states is crucial for improving the emission efficiency and for maintaining the color purity in blue light-emitting diodes. Here, a truxene-based emitter (T-pyrene) that is a good candidate for the blue emitter is investigated using photophysical studies. Steady-state absorption of the emitter reveals the presence of a charge-transfer state, and the photoluminescence spectrum suggests an occurrence of a strong interchain/exciplex state. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and fluence-dependent measurements of the material in the dilute solution show the presence of multiple excitonic processes contributing to the delayed fluorescence. Similar studies on the pristine film suggest that the delayed fluorescence is dominated by the presence of the traps. By blending the oligomer with a higher bandgap polymer matrix, poly(9-vinyl carbazole) (PVK), a type I heterojunction at the T-pyrene:PVK interface is obtained that confines the generated excitons in T-pyrene. With this architecture, device efficiencies with T-pyrene (20 wt. %):PVK show significantly enhanced efficiency than those of the pristine device. We elucidate the relevance of the matrix:T-pyrene system using TRPL and fluence-dependent studies on T-pyrene (20 wt. %):PVK. Time-resolved emission spectra on the T-pyrene (20 wt. %):PVK films do not show red-shifted emission with time delays, which suggests the passivation of the quenching sites due to the dispersion of T-pyrene in PVK to prevent the intermolecular interactions.
Non-radiative recombination at dislocations in InAs quantum dots grown on silicon
Authors: Selvidge Jennifer , Norman Justin , Salmon Michael E. , Hughes Eamonn T. , Bowers John E. , Herrick Robert , Mukherjee Kunal
Published: September 2019

We study the impact of misfit dislocations on the luminescence from InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown on Si substrates. Electron channeling contrast imaging is used together with cathodoluminescence mapping to locate misfit dislocations and characterize the resulting nonradiative recombination of carriers via near-infrared light emission profiles. With a 5 kV electron beam probe, the dark line defect width due to a typical misfit dislocation in a shallow QD active layer is found to be approximately 1 μm, with a 40%–50% peak emission intensity loss at room temperature. Importantly, we find that at cryogenic temperatures, the dislocations affect the QD ground state and the first excited state emission significantly less than the second excited state emission. At the same time, the dark line defect width, which partially relates to carrier diffusion in the system, is relatively constant across the temperature range of 10 K–300 K. Our results suggest that carrier dynamics in the QD wetting layer control emission intensity loss at dislocations, and that these defects reduce luminescence only at those temperatures where the probability of carriers thermalizing from the dots into the wetting layer becomes significant. We discuss the implications of these findings toward growing dislocation-tolerant, reliable quantum dot lasers on silicon.