bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consequence of secondary complications during the rehabilitation of patients with severe brain injury
Authors: Dénes Zoltán
Published: January 2009

Baleset vagy betegség következtében az emberi szervezetet érő primer károsodások (agysérülés) mellett a másodlagos károsodások határozzák meg a páciens helyreállításának lehetőségét, a rehabilitáció során elérhető maximális funkcionális állapotot és a későbbiekben a beteg életminőségét. Ezért az egészségügyi ellátás során a másodlagos károsodások kialakulásának megakadályozása legalább olyan jelentőségű, mint a primer prevenció.
Célkitűzések:
A súlyos agysérülést követően kialakuló legfontosabb másodlagos károsodások meghatározása, ezek rehabilitációt befolyásoló hatásának vizsgálata.
Módszer:
Retrospektív vizsgálat az Országos Orvosi Rehabilitációs Intézet Koponyaagy-sérültek Rehabilitációs Osztályán.
Eredmények:
A 2004. év folyamán kezelt 166, baleset következtében súlyos agykárosodást szenvedett páciens átlagéletkora 33 év (8–83) volt. A betegek többsége (125/166) közlekedési balesetben sérült meg, a többiek magasból esés, verekedés, lövés vagy robbanás következtében. Az intenzív osztályról közvetlenül 64, második helyről (például: traumatológia, idegsebészet vagy neurológia) 18 beteget vettünk át. A balesettől számolva átlagosan az 50. (21–177.) napon vettük át a betegeket rehabilitációra. Felvételkor 83 beteg hemipareticus, 54 tetra-, 1 parapareticus volt, míg 28 betegnél nem észleltünk paresist. Huszonhét beteget vegetatív, 38-at pedig minimálisan tudatos állapotban vettünk fel. A súlyos agysérült betegek felvételekor észlelt és a rehabilitáció során kezelt leggyakoribb szövődmények: ízületi contractura (47%), decubitus (35%), légúti (14%) és húgyúti (11%) infekciók, heterotop ossificatio (17%), alultápláltság (20%). A rehabilitáció során a szövődményes esetekben az önellátás terén azonos ápolási idő alatt rosszabb funkcionális eredményeket értünk el, és az ápolási idő is jelentős mértékben meghosszabbodott.
Következtetések:
A szövődmények kialakulásának megakadályozására irányuló tevékenységeket már a primer ellátóhelyen meg kell kezdeni. Az akut ellátás után a többszörös funkciókárosodott (motoros, kognitív, kommunikációs, pszichoszociális problémák) súlyos agysérült betegek rehabilitációját centrumokban érdemes végezni, ahol ilyen betegek ellátására specializálódott teamek dolgoznak. Optimális megoldás, ha a neurointenzív osztályokról vagy az akut osztályokról minél korábban és közvetlenül a rehabilitációs osztályokra kerülnek a betegek, így a másodlagos károsodások kialakulásának lehetősége jelentősen csökkenhet.
Ileum metastasis of a pulmonary tumor as causative factor for acute abdomen
Authors: Papp Zoltán , Takács Gyula , Petri István
Published: January 2009

A szerzők közleményükben egy 47 éves férfi beteg esetét ismertetik, akin osztályukra „akut hasi történések miatt” történt felvétele előtt néhány héttel jobb oldali felső tüdőlebenytumor miatt végeztek műtétet. A tüdőtumor vékonybéláttétei közül az egyik átfúródott, ez okozta az akut hasi katasztrófát. A műtét során a tüdőtumorból származó vékonybéláttéteket tartalmazó bélkacsot eltávolították. Hisztológia: pleomorph sarcomatoid carcinoma metastaticum intestini ilei cum perforatione. A beteget rendezett hasi státussal a területileg illetékes tüdőkórház tüdőosztályára helyezték át. A szerzők ismertetik a vékonybél-metasztázisok gyakoriságát.
Effect of oxyhydromassage therapy on some physiological parameters
Authors: Malomsoki Jenő
Published: January 2009

Az élő szervezet oxigénfelvétele a cardiorespiratoricus rendszeren keresztül a legalapvetőbb élettani folyamatok közé tartozik. A felvevőképesség az egészség és a teljesítőképesség egyik fontos paramétere. Az utóbbi évtizedben kísérletek történtek a hiperoxigenizáció respiratoricus rendszert kikerülő eljárásának kidolgozására. Az oxigénnel dúsított ásványvíz fogyasztása és hidromasszázsként történő alkalmazása is ilyen eljárás. A tanulmányban két eljárás kombinációját 3 hetes kúra során 57 önként jelentkező túlsúlyos személyen (átlagértékek: testtömegindex 29,5±5,5; testzsírszázalék 35,2±8,6) alkalmazták, és a kombinált eljárást oxihidromasszázsnak nevezték. A kúra előtt és után meghatároztak egyes szomatikus, valamint a hiperoxigenizációt igazoló paramétereket. Az adatokból kiderült, hogy a testtömeg 2,3±1,9 kg-mal, a testzsírarány 3,2±2,7%-kal és a testtömegindex 0,7±0,5-del csökkent átlagosan. Hiperoxidáció a vizsgáltak 68–75%-ánál, szomatikus változások a 79–83%-uknál következtek be, és 5%-os szinten szignifikánsak voltak. Feltehető, hogy a hiperoxigenizáció hatására az izomrost mitochondriumában az oxidatív (aerob) energiaszolgáltatás felgyorsult, és ez a zsírok oxidációját is elősegítette. Megállapítható, hogy az oxihidromasszázs-kezeléssel kiváltott hiperoxigenizáció a vizsgáltak nagy részére kedvezően hatott; további terápiás alkalmazása, különösen egyéb vasodilatatiós eljárással (például biomágneses kezeléssel) még hatékonyabb lehet.
Discharge analysis of high‐efficacy PDP with a luminous efficacy of 5 lm/W
Authors: Akiyama Toshiyuki , Yamada Takashi , Kitagawa Masatoshi , Shinoda Tsutae
Published: January 2009

Abstract— The discharge mechanism concerning the width of the display electrodes in high‐Xe‐content gas mixtures to improve the luminous efficacy of PDPs has been researched. It was found that a luminous efficacy of 5 lm/W was realized for a high‐Xe‐content gas mixture and narrower display electrodes. For a high‐Xe‐content gas mixture, the luminous efficacy increases as the display electrode becomes narrower. This phenomenon was analyzed by observing the emission from a discharge cell. The observation data indicate that a high electron heating efficiency contributes to increased luminous efficacy along with narrow electrodes for a high‐Xe‐content gas mixture as well as high excitation efficiency.
The Potential of Drama and Songs as Channels for AIDS Education in Africa: A Report on Focus Group Findings from Ghana
Authors: Bosompra Kwadwo
Published: January 2009

Among those concerned with fighting AIDS worldwide, it is agreed that the best weapon to change people's behavior is education. In this educational effort, all available channels have to be explored. In Ghana, the Health Education Division (HED) of the Ministry of Health set up three drama troupes to carry out AIDS education on a pilot basis. This study evaluates the impact of one of the troupes on AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior using the focus group research approach. The findings confirm that drama about a well thought out AIDS-related theme does increase knowledge about AIDS and promotes commendable attitudes toward AIDS. It could also lead to changes in sexual behavior. The study also revealed that songs with AIDS-related themes could serve as important cues to “healthful” action in the environment by reminding listeners to adopt safer sexual behaviors.
Complications associated with lateral fabellotibial suture surgery for cranial cruciate ligament injury in dogs: 363 cases (1997–2005)
Authors: Casale Sue A. , McCarthy Robert J.
Published: January 2009

Objective—To report the complication rate for a commonly performed procedure (lateral fabellotibial suture [LFS]) used in the treatment of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injury.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—305 dogs evaluated for 363 incidents of CCL injury from January 1997 through December 2005 and treated with LFS.

Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information on breed, sex, age, body weight, clinical history, duration of surgery and anesthesia, primary surgeon, percentage of ligament tear, condition of medial meniscus, unilateral versus bilateral disease, implant material, duration of follow-up, and perioperative and postoperative complications.

Results—363 LFS procedures met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Complications (n = 65) were recorded for 63 of the 363 (17.4%) surgical procedures. Multiple complications developed in 2 dogs. In 26 (7.2%) dogs, a second surgery was required to manage the complications. Breed, side on which surgery was performed, implant material, percentage ligament tear, meniscal condition and treatment, bandage use, perioperative antimicrobial use, and experience of surgeon did not influence the complication rate. Factors significantly associated with a higher rate of complications were high body weight and young age of dog at the time of surgery.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—LFS is associated with a lower perioperative and postoperative complication rate than has been reported for other surgical procedures to repair CCL injury. Heavier and younger dogs had more complications. Complication rate must be considered when choosing a surgical treatment for dogs with CCL injury.
Elimination kinetics of tilmicosin following intramammary administration in lactating dairy cattle
Authors: Smith Geof W. , Davis Jennifer L. , Baynes Ronald E. , Yeatts James L. , Barlow Beth M. , Riviere Jim E.
Published: January 2009

Objective—To determine elimination kinetics of tilmicosin in milk following intramammary administration in lactating dairy cattle.

Design—Prospective pharmacokinetic study.

Animals—6 lactating dairy cows.

Procedures—Following collection of baseline milk samples, 1,200 mg (4 mL) of tilmicosin was infused into the left front and right rear mammary glands of each cow. Approximately 12 hours later, an additional 1,200 mg of tilmicosin was infused into the left front and right rear glands after milking. Milk samples were then collected from each gland at milking time for 40 days. Concentration of tilmicosin was determined by means of ultraperformance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and a milk withdrawal interval for tilmicosin was calculated on the basis of the tolerance limit method.

Results—Although there was considerable variation between glands, concentration of tilmicosin was high in milk from treated glands and had a long half-life in treated and untreated glands. Tilmicosin was detected in all treated glands for the entire 40-day study period and was detected in untreated glands for approximately 30 to 35 days.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings indicated that tilmicosin should not be administered by the intramammary route in lactating dairy cows. Milk from all glands of any cows accidentally treated should be discarded for a minimum of 82 days following intramammary administration.
Use of Walpole's solution for treatment of goats with urolithiasis: 25 cases (2001–2006)
Authors: Janke Jared J. , Osterstock Jason B. , Washburn Kevin E. , Bissett Wesley T. , Roussel Allen J. , Hooper R. Neil
Published: January 2009

Objective—To determine results of ultrasound-guided cystocentesis and percutaneous infusion of Walpole's solution for treatment of male goats with urolithiasis.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—25 male goats with urolithiasis treated with Walpole's solution.

Procedures—Information obtained from the medical records included signalment, degree of urethral obstruction (partial vs complete), pertinent examination findings, concurrent illnesses, diet, other treatments administered, duration of hospitalization, whether the obstruction resolved, and outcome (ie, discharged vs euthanized).

Results—14 (58%) animals had complete urethral obstruction, and 10 (42%) had partial obstruction (degree of urethral patency was not recorded in 1 animal). Walpole's solution was infused once in 18 (72%) animals, twice in 6 (24%) animals, and 3 times in 1 (4%) animal. The amount of Walpole's solution required to achieve the target urine pH of 4 to 5 ranged from 50 to 250 mL. In 20 (80%) goats, the urethral obstruction resolved, and the goat was discharged. The remaining 5 (20%) goats were euthanized because of unresolved urethral obstruction. Six of the 20 (30%) goats that were discharged were reexamined because of recurrence of urethral obstruction.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that ultrasound-guided cystocentesis in combination with percutaneous infusion of Walpole's solution may be a useful treatment in male goats with obstructive urolithiasis.
Integrating Household-Level Mode Choice and Modal Expenditure Decisions in a Developing Country
Authors: Rajagopalan Bharath S. , Srinivasan Karthik K.
Published: January 2009

This paper investigates two mode-related dimensions at the household level, namely, mode choice and modal use intensity (as reflected by modal expenditures). These dimensions are analyzed jointly in the context of Chennai city in India, by using a large disaggregate database consisting of more than 2,000 households. Specifically, the objectives of this study are to analyze mode choice decisions at the household level, to integrate mode choice and mode usage using a suitable model, and to analyze the effect of contextual factors relevant to developing countries on the mode choice propensity and mode use intensity. At the household level, the mode choice problem is a multiple discrete choice problem (multiple alternatives may be selected) in contrast to the singly discrete nature of the individual mode choice problem. Therefore, a multiple discrete–continuous extreme value model is formulated to integrate choice and usage, based on a coherent utility maximization framework. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to model mode choice as a multiple discrete choice problem. The results reveal that several unique and context-specific features in developing countries affect household-level mode choice significantly. Further, the mode use intensity of alternative modes is influenced by prior mode choice decisions, inertia, and user's perception of safety and congestion. The results have important planning and policy implications for transit improvement and congestion mitigation strategies.
Joint Modeling Analysis of Trip-Chaining Behavior on Round-Trip Commute in the Context of Xiamen, China
Authors: Wu Zhizhou , Ye Xin
Published: January 2009

This paper investigates the relationship between commuters’ trip-chaining behaviors on their round-trip commutes: from home to work and from work back home. Two types of joint econometric models—the bivariate ordered probit model and the bivariate Poisson regression model—are developed on the basis of household travel survey data collected from Xiamen, China, in 2003. Nonwork trip frequencies and round-trip commutes are considered as two interrelated dependent variables, whereas independent variables in models include commuters’ age, gender, occupation, and residency status; household composition; commute mode choice; and transit accessibility at the workplace. The error correlations in both types of models are estimated to be positive, which strongly supports the existence of a promotive relationship between trip-chaining behaviors on round-trip commutes. However, the conjecture of a substitutive relationship between round-trip commutes is not supported by the joint models. In addition, it is found that automobile use for commuting plays a highly positive role in commuters’ trip-chaining behaviors for both directions of a round-trip commute.
Time-of-Day Modeling in a Tour-Based Context
Authors: Popuri Yasasvi , Ben-Akiva Moshe , Proussaloglou Kimon
Published: January 2009

Insights into the time-of-day preferences of individuals are crucial for accurately quantifying vehicle emissions and for understanding time-shifting behavior in response to traffic congestion and road pricing. Most urban models account for travel demand by time of day by using fixed factors or by incorporating the choice among aggregate time periods such as a.m., p.m., and off-peak. These methods are inadequate for examining traveler response to congestion mitigation strategies. To address some of these concerns, FHWA recently conducted a research project to develop innovative methods of modeling travel by time of day. This paper extends the FHWA methodology to the Tel Aviv tour-based model system that Cambridge Systematics is currently developing for Israel's Ministry of Transport. The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, it discusses the modeling framework used in Tel Aviv; second, it describes the data inputs required for modeling time-of-day decisions; and finally, it describes the model estimation procedure and empirical results from Tel Aviv. The main features of the modeling approach include using half-hour time intervals, accounting for schedule delay in the absence of desired arrival and departure time data, and modeling the 24-h cycle. This paper serves as a proof of concept for the FHWA methodology and demonstrates that using the commonly available household survey data and some basic level-of-service data makes it possible to develop time-of-day models that are more detailed and better suited for policy testing.
Influence of Transportation Access and Market Dynamics on Property Values
Authors: Habib Muhammad Ahsanul , Miller Eric J.
Published: January 2009

This paper presents housing price models by using multilevel modeling techniques. The key motivation of using the multilevel modeling technique is that it clearly identifies and differentiates between-cluster heterogeneity (i.e., intrinsic differences across aggregated units) and heterogeneity between units of analysis that are nested within aggregated clusters. Two different specifications are tested: two-level spatial and mixed two-level spatiotemporal random effects models. Whereas the first specification assumes that dwelling units are nested within spatial clusters (i.e., neighborhoods), the second specification hypothesizes that dwelling units are nested within spatiotemporal clusters (neighborhoods in a given time period). The unique contribution of this paper is that it accounts for temporal heterogeneity simultaneously with spatial heterogeneity in the housing price models. The study uses an extensive sample of more than 250,000 housing property transactions in 1987–1995 in the Greater Toronto Area of Canada. The paper examines the functional form of the hedonic price model and chooses a semilogarithmic model for subsequent multilevel housing price modeling. The results suggest that the spatiotemporal model performs better in terms of explanatory power and parameter estimates.
Integrated Transportation and Land Use Scenario Modeling by Visual Evaluation of Examples
Authors: Blandford Benjamin , Grossardt Ted , Ripy John , Bailey Keiron
Published: January 2009

Transportation and land use planning are generally poorly coordinated, and the preferences of the general public are not well integrated into either activity. Appropriate land use patterns that meet the needs and desires of the public and the public sector are difficult to develop because of their extreme complexity and potential for disproportionate impacts on citizens. A structured public involvement protocol was developed to allow large groups of citizens to participate efficiently and effectively in the comprehensive planning process for a moderate-sized town in Indiana and to help in partially overcoming this problem. CommunityViz was used as the visualization tool to help residents understand better the differences between potential land development patterns. Fuzzy set modeling was used to derive the complex interplay of development pattern properties that were most and least preferred by citizens. The development patterns varied by percentage mixture of housing types, percentage mixture of land use types, percentage given over to greenspace, ratio of sidewalk to total paved area, and connectivity of the road network. These five parameters were chosen as the most useful and fundamental measures of differences between development patterns. Citizens’ preferences were derived on that basis. Public input for this town was successfully modeled. Resulting preference patterns were made available to city planners for use in updating their comprehensive plan. This research demonstrates a practical way to involve citizens in an orderly, useful manner in questions of joint transportation and land use planning.
Ovarian Cancer and Genetic Susceptibility: Association of A61G Polymorphism in the EGF Gene
Authors: Araújo Ana Paula , Ribeiro Ricardo , Pereira Deolinda , Pinto Daniela , Sousa Berta , Catarino Raquel , Medeiros Rui
Published: January 2009

Growth factors play an essential role in regulating cellular proliferation, and lack of control is characteristic of malignant development. The epidermal growth factor ( EGF) gene codifies a growth factor that binds to the EGF receptor (EGFR), which is involved in activating pathways that promote cellular proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to appraise the association between EGF gene A61G polymorphism with ovarian cancer susceptibility. A total of 564 DNA samples were analysed from 175 women with ovarian cancer and 389 women without cancer, through PCR-RFLP. We found a decreased risk for developing ovarian cancer in GG carriers compared to AA carriers (OR = 0.46, CI = 0.25–0.83, P = 0.010). The seemingly protective role in GG carriers was observed in women under 53 years of age (OR = 0.38, CI = 0.16–0.86, P = 0.011) and in patients diagnosed with advanced stage disease (OR = 0.38, CI = 0.18–0.81, P = 0.012). Allelic comparison evidenced similar results, with decreased risk for G allele. We further observed a linear trend for G allele in cancer risk. Moreover, we analysed the influence of genotypes in the time to onset of the disease and observed that GG carriers had ovarian cancer later than AA carriers ( P = 0.035). We hypothesize that this polymorphism confers protection for ovarian cancer development.
A BRIEF COMMUNICATION
Authors: Reiss Allison B. , Wan David W. , Anwar Kamran , Merrill Joan T. , Wirkowski Peter A. , Shah Nidhi , Cronstein Bruce N. , Chan Edwin S. L. , Carsons Steven E.
Published: January 2009

Premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a common and devastating complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is likely that immunologic derangements contribute to premature ASCVD in these patients, possibly by disrupting homeostatic mechanisms that orchestrate cholesterol balance in monocytes/macrophages in the artery wall. CD36, a macrophage scavenger receptor responsible for recognition and internalization of oxidized lipids, is a major participant in atherosclerotic foam cell formation. We hypothesized that lupus plasma would affect CD36 expression in a pro-atherogenic manner in THP-1 human monocytes and differentiated macrophages. SLE patient plasma markedly stimulated expression of CD36 message in a dose-dependent fashion in THP-1 human monocytes. A 50% volume/volume concentration of plasma derived from SLE patients increased CD36 mRNA by 71 ± 8% ( n = 3, P < 0.001) above 50% normal human plasma. 50% SLE patient plasma increased CD36 mRNA expression to 290 ± 12% of no-plasma control ( n = 3, P < 0.001), compared with only 118 ± 3.7% of control in the presence of 50% normal human plasma ( n = 3, not significant). 50% lupus plasma also upregulated CD36 protein expression by 482.3 ± 76.2% ( n = 4, P < 0.05), whereas the presence of 50% normal human plasma increased the CD36 protein level by only 239.8 ± 61.9% ( n = 4, P < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that CD36 expression is enhanced by plasma from patients with an autoimmune disorder. Premature atherosclerosis is common in SLE patients. Upregulation of CD36 may contribute to this pathological process by increasing vulnerability to cholesterol overload. Demonstration of disrupted cholesterol homeostasis in this select group of patients provides further evidence of the involvement of the immune system in atherogenesis and may inform us of the role of CD36 in the general atherogenic process. CD36 may provide a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of ASCVD in SLE patients.
Editorial
Authors: Bentsman Joseph , Orlov Yuri
Published: January 2009

This special issue contains the revised and updated versions of the papers presented in the session on adaptive identification and control held at the 45th IEEE Control and Decision Conference in San Diego, CA, on December 12–15, 2006, co‐organized and co‐chaired by Joseph Bentsman and Miroslav Krstic. Covering stochastic modeling and identification, adaptive identification and control, and automated fault detection for distributed parameter systems governed by partial differential and functional equations, the papers provide a coherent selection of novel results in the area.
Synthesis of Nanohole‐Structured Single‐Crystalline Platinum Nanosheets Using Surfactant‐Liquid‐Crystals and their Electrochemical Characterization
Authors: Kijima Tsuyoshi , Nagatomo Yu , Takemoto Hirokatsu , Uota Masafumi , Fujikawa Daisuke , Sekiya Yuzo , Kishishita Teppei , Shimoda Makoto , Yoshimura Takumi , Kawasaki Hideya , Sakai Go
Published: January 2009

Nanohole‐structured single‐crystalline Pt nanosheets have been synthesized by the borohydride reduction of Na2PtCl6 confined to the lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) with or without nonaethylene‐glycol (C12EO9). The Pt nanosheets of around 4–10 nm in central thickness and up to 500 nm or above in diameter have a number of hexagonal‐shaped nanoholes ∼1.8 nm wide. High‐resolution electron microscope images of the nanosheets showed atomic fringes with a spacing of 0.22 nm indicating that the nanosheets are crystallographically continuous through the nanoholed and non‐holed areas. The inner‐angle distributions for the hexagonal nanoholes indicate that the six sides of the nanoholes are walled with each two Pt (111), Pt (1${\bar {1}}$1) and Pt (010) planes. The formation mechanism of nanoholed Pt nanosheets is discussed on the basis of structural and compositional data for the resulting solids and their precursory LLCs, with the aid of similar nanohole growth observed for a Tween 80 free but oleic acid‐incorporated system. It is also demonstrated that the nanoholed Pt nanostructures loaded on carbon exhibit fairly high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction and a high performance as a cathode material for polymer‐electrolyte fuel cells, along with their extremely high thermostability revealed through the effect of electron‐irradiation.
Ligand‐Free Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Arenes with Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Bandini Marco , Eichholzer Astrid , Kotrusz Peter , Tragni Michele , Troisi Stefano , Umani‐Ronchi Achille
Published: January 2009

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The silver‐catalyzed direct activation of allylic alcohols as electrophilic partners for intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation of arenes is described. Use of silver triflate (AgOTf; 10 mol%) enabled functionalized 1‐vinyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalenes and a 4‐vinyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline to be isolated in good yields with high levels of regiochemistry, under a ligand‐free regime.
Fusion of a 1,3‐Diboraruthenocene to Form a Slipped μ‐Hexahydrotetraboranaphthalene Triple‐Decker Complex with Two Axial CH Bonds
Authors: Mutseneck Elena V. , Wadepohl Hubert , Enders Markus , Kudinov Alexander R. , Siebert Walter
Published: January 2009

Seite an Seite: Die Zugabe von Zink zu einem Gemisch von [{Cp*RuCl}4] und Pentamethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐diborol (C3B2Me5H) in THF führt zu drei bekannten Doppel‐ und Tripeldeckerkomplexen von [C3B2Me5]−, darüber hinaus aber auch zu einem verschobenen Tripeldeckerkomplex (siehe Bild) mit zwei kondensierten Diborolringen. Die endo‐C‐H‐Bindungen von zwei MeC‐H‐Gruppen tragen zwei zusätzliche Elektronen zu der stabilen 34‐Valenzelektronen‐Konfiguration bei.

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Spectral Tuning of Azobenzene Photoswitches for Biological Applications
Authors: Sadovski Oleg , Beharry Andrew A. , Zhang Fuzhong , Woolley G. Andrew
Published: January 2009

Longer switching wavelengths and good photochemical yields and stabilities of the cis isomers in reducing aqueous environments are achieved by introducing 2,2′‐aminoalkyl substituents into 4,4′‐diamido‐substituted azobenzenes. The products are thus suitable for photocontrol of biomolecular structures in intracellular environments, such as switching between two peptide configurations (see picture).

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Load control of ball mill by a high precision sampling fuzzy logic controller with self‐optimizing
Authors: Cao Hui , Si Gangquan , Zhang Yanbin , Ma Xikui , Wang Jingcheng
Published: January 2009

A self‐optimizing, high precision sampling fuzzy logic controller for keeping a ball mill circuit working stably and efficiently is proposed in this paper. The controller is based on fuzzy logic control strategy, and a fuzzy interpolation algorithm is presented to improve the control precision. The final output of the controller is calculated through the interpolation calculation of the observation and its neighboring antecedents, and the interpolation weight coefficients are obtained according to a fuzzy inference algorithm. In the proposed controller, the sampling control strategy is used to deal with a large delay time and a controller set value which can be adjusted by a self‐optimizing algorithm, which can overcome the time‐varying characteristic. Simulation results verify that the controller can control the ball mill circuit effectively and have higher control quality. Field service results also verify that the controller can successfully optimize the control of ball mill circuit. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Reliable guaranteed cost control for linear state delayed systems with adaptive memory state feedback controllers
Authors: Ye Dan , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: January 2009

This paper deals with the problem of reliable guaranteed cost control for linear time‐delay systems via state feedback against actuator faults. Based on indirect adaptive method, the proposed delay‐dependent memory controller with variable gains is established, whose gains are affinely dependent on the online estimations of fault parameters. In the frameworks of linear matrix inequalities, sufficient conditions with less conservativeness than those of the traditional controller with fixed gains are derived such that the closed‐loop system is asymptotically stable and the cost function value is minimized in both normal and faulty cases. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
State feedback H∞ control for quantized discrete‐time systems
Authors: Che Wei‐Wei , Yang Guang‐Hong
Published: January 2009

This paper is concerned with the quantized state feedback H∞ control problem for discrete‐time linear time‐invariant systems. The quantizer considered here is dynamic and composed of an adjustable “zoom” parameter and a static quantizer. Static quantizer ranges are with practical significance and fully considered here. A quantized H∞ controller design strategy is proposed with taking quantizer errors into account, where an iterative linear matrix inequality (LMI) based optimization algorithm is developed to minimize static quantizer ranges with meeting H∞ performance requirement for quantized closed‐loop systems. An example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Conformal mapping and bipolar coordinate for eccentric Laplace problems
Authors: Chen Jeng‐Tzong , Tsai Ming‐Hong , Liu Chein‐Shan
Published: January 2009

Boundary value problems on the eccentric annulus are quite complex and cannot directly be solved analytically using cartesian or polar coordinates. Many mathematical techniques have been used to solve such a problem by using conformal mapping and bipolar coordinate. In the literature, Carrier and Pearson [Partial differential equation‐theory and technique. New York, Academic Press, 1976, pp 68–71], Muskhelishvili [Some basic problems of the mathematical theory of elasticity. Noordhoff, Groningen; 1953, pp 175–179], Ling [Torsion of an eccentric circular tube, Technical Report, No. 1, Chinese Bureau of Aeronautical Research, 1940], Timoshenko and Goordier [Theory of Elasticity. New York, McGraw‐Hill; 1972, pp 196–202], Shen [Null‐field approach for Laplace problems with circular boundaries using degenerate kernels, Master thesis, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, 2005], Lebedev et al. [Worked Problems in Applied Mathematics. New York, Dover; 1965] have solved this kind of problems using similar techniques. By using transformation in a transformed plane in the complex variable theory, we can obtain the analytical solution easily. We focus on the connection between conformal mapping and curvilinear coordinates, and figure out the relation to take integration by way of mapping in the complex plane. All the transformations and curvilinear coordinates can be unified using the viewpoint of conformal mapping. Their relationship among available methods can be constructed by translation, stretching, rotation and inversion. Finally, an example of eccentric domain is solved by using various mappings and curvilinear coordinates and their relations are linked. Not only geometry transformation is addressed but also the solution of the Laplace equation is obtained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 314–322, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20208
Optimal inspection model as an example for graduate level distance studies
Authors: Mockus Jonas
Published: January 2009

This article deals with the development of a Web‐based integrated system for distance graduate studies of game theory which aims to support core curriculum and to provide students with hands‐on experience on effective use and development of software tools. The objective is to stimulate and develop creative abilities to work as independent researchers by investigation of on‐line optimization models on the Web. The Inspection Games model is an example. New polynomial time algorithms are described. The Web sitehttp://pilis.if.ktu.lt/∼jmockusincludes this and accompanying models. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 340–350, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20220
Reactor Technologies for Propane Partial Oxidation to Acrylic Acid
Authors: Godefroy A. , Patience G. S. , Tzakova T. , Garrait D. , Dubois J.‐L.
Published: January 2009

The two step process to produce acrylic acid from propylene is the predominant technology practiced commercially. The economics of this process are compared with the direct oxidation of propane to acrylic acid in a fixed bed, turbulent fluidized bed (TFB) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB). Economies of scale are difficult to realize in fixed beds due to the limited heat transfer surface, and therefore, several reactors are required in parallel. A single reactor train is possible due to the excellent heat transfer characteristics of the TFB and CFB. The economics of the TFB are superior to either the CFB or multi‐tubular fixed beds. However, both investment and operating costs are sensitive to selectivity. A CFB could become the reactor of choice if lattice oxygen can be shown to improve selectivity and conversion. In order for propane to replace propylene as the preferred feedstock, selectivity must be at least 65 %, which has yet to be demonstrated in practice.
Nickel‐ and Copper‐Based Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Combustion
Authors: Hoteit A. , Chandel M. K. , Delebarre A.
Published: January 2009

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion process in which the different fuels can be burnt with inherent separation of CO2. A CLC system has two interconnected reactors named as fuel and air reactor. In the fuel reactor, metal oxides supply oxygen for the combustion of the gaseous fuel, and the metal oxides are regenerated (oxidized) with air in the air reactor. The feasibility of a CLC system greatly depends on the selection of appropriate metal oxides as oxygen carriers. In the present study, NiO/NiAl2O4 and Cu0.95Fe1.05AlO4 were tested experimentally in a fluidized‐bed reactor as a function of number of oxidation‐reduction cycles, temperature and effect of steam mixed with methane as a fuel. A 30‐MWfuel CLC system was simulated for the combustion of biogas, syngas and methane on the basis of the experimental results.
Discrete Element Method Simulation of Cylinder‐Shaped Particle Flow in a Gas‐Solid Fluidized Bed
Authors: Zhong W.‐Q. , Zhang Y. , Jin B.‐S. , Zhang M.‐Y.
Published: January 2009

Discrete element method (DEM) simulation of the flow of cylinder‐shaped particles in a gas‐solid fluidized bed has been carried out three‐dimensionally. The gas and particle motions were modeled with the k‐ϵ turbulent model and DEM simulation, respectively. The cylinder‐shaped particles were elongated by several spheres, which were described by a cylinder with hemi‐spherical ends of the same radius. Drag‐, contact‐ and gravitational forces acting on each individual particle were considered when establishing the mathematical models. Simulated flow patterns and pressure drops at different superficial gas velocities were in good agreement with the experimental results from a visual fluidized bed. In addition, some hydrodynamics of gas/cylinder‐shaped particle flow, i.e., bed expansion ratio, particle volume fraction, particle velocity and mean percentage of particle collisions, were obtained at various superficial gas velocities.
Cold Flow Model Study on a Dual Circulating Fluidized Bed (DCFB) System for Chemical Looping Processes
Authors: Pröll T. , Rupanovits K. , Kolbitsch P. , Bolhàr‐Nordenkampf J. , Hofbauer H.
Published: January 2009

A cold flow model was built and operated in order to study the fluid dynamics of a 120‐kW chemical looping pilot rig for gaseous fuels. The system consists of two interconnected circulating fluidized bed reactors with globally circulating bed material (dual circulating fluidized bed – DCFB). Gas mixing between the two reactors is prevented by moderately fluidized loop seals. In the cold model, both reactors are fluidized with air at two stages to control the solids circulation. The data presented focus on the solids circulation rates and on pressure profiles of both reactors, depending on selected operating parameters like fluidization gas flow rate, level of gas introduction, loop seal fluidization, and solids inventory. The results show high solids circulations in the global loop between the two reactors for the scaled base case operation conditions already at low bed inventories.
Design of Explosion‐Hazardous Areas for Gas Pressure‐Regulating (GPR) Stations
Authors: Schmücker A. , Ernst R. , Groh B.
Published: January 2009

Gas pressure‐regulating (GPR) stations are part of the nation‐wide pipeline network which supplies customers with natural gas. GPR stations are equipped with gas vents to release small amounts of gas in rare instances for operational reasons. The operators of gas transport facilities are required to determine the size of the explosion‐hazardous areas (EHAs) that may occasionally develop at the gas vents and to keep them free from ignition sources. In order to facilitate the calculation of the EHAs, the German DVGW issued a guide to the efficient calculation of explosion‐hazardous areas. The calculation method takes account of the particular properties of the venting systems in order to determine the rate at which gas is released. Based on this figure and on additional parameters, gas dispersion and size of the EHAs are assessed. The method of calculation and e.BEx®, its software version, were developed by E.ON Ruhrgas AG.
Sizing of Safety Valves Using ANSYS CFX‐Flo®
Authors: Moncalvo D. , Friedel L. , Jörgensen B. , Höhne T.
Published: January 2009

This work discusses the effect of the degree of fineness of the flow volume discretization and that of the turbulence model on the accuracy of reproduction of air mass flow rates in two safety valves using the CFD software ANSYS Flo®. Calculations show that the degree of fineness of the discretization is the decisive factor affecting the exactness of the calculations and that the best reproduction is achieved with grids where at least two cells are built on the smallest edge. The selection of the turbulence model has by far in comparison a lower impact; however, the best accuracy is obtained using the standard k‐ω model and the SST modification of Menter.
Evaluation of Numerical Flow and Dispersion Models for Applications in Industrial and Urban Areas
Authors: Schatzmann M. , Leitl B.
Published: January 2009

Numerical models are widely used to predict wind flow and pollutant dispersion in industrial and urban landscapes. Many of them are already commercially available and are being applied by consulting engineers to complex real world problems. There is, however, some doubt about the evaluation of these models and the quality of predictions. This paper attempts to give a critical assessment of the current state of model evaluation, thereby focusing on the most important step of the evaluation procedure: the comparison of model predictions with data. It goes without saying that the result of this process will only be as good as the reference data used. By using obstacle resolving CFD models it is shown that it is not an easy task to provide data that can be regarded as a reliable standard.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Boron Clusters Enclosing Planar Hypercoordinate Cobalt, Iron, and Nickel
Authors: Ito Keigo , Pu Zhifeng , Li Qian‐Shu , von Rague Schleyer Paul
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: “Bottom‐Up” Meets “Top‐Down” Assembly in Nanoscale Polyoxometalate Clusters: Self‐Assembly of [P4W52O178]24‐ and Disassembly to [P3W39O134]19‐.
Authors: Pradeep Chullikkattil P. , Long De‐Liang , Streb Carsten , Cronin Leroy
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Convenient Synthesis of Pyrazole, Pyridine, Pyridazine, Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine, and Pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine Derivatives.
Authors: Kheder Nabila A. , Mabkhot Yahia N. , Farag Ahmad M.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Aminoketones by Pd/C Catalysis.
Authors: Du Rui , Zhu Changjin , Zhang Peilong , Fan Ruizhen
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Aldehydes in a Poly(ethylene glycol)/Compressed Carbon Dioxide Biphasic System.
Authors: Liu Ruixia , Cheng Haiyang , Wang Qiang , Wu Chaoyong , Ming Jun , Xi Chunyu , Yu Yancun , Cai Shuxia , Zhao Fengyu , Arai Masahiko
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Arylcyanation of Alkenes Catalyzed by Nickel/AlMe2Cl.
Authors: Nakao Yoshiaki , Ebata Shiro , Yada Akira , Hiyama Tamejiro , Ikawa Masashi , Ogoshi Sensuke
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Secondary Enamides by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Selective Addition of Amides to Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Goossen Lukas J. , Salih Kifah S. M. , Blanchot Mathieu
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Preparation of trans‐1,2‐Cyclopropanes Containing p‐Trifluoromethylphenyl Group and Its Application to the Construction of Pyrazole and Cyclopropane Ring Fused Pyridazinone Derivatives.
Authors: Cao Weiguo , Zhang Hui , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Lei Lu , Qian Jiaxian , Zhu Yuan
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed, Enantioselective, Vinylogous Mannich Reaction of Vinylketene Silyl N,O‐Acetals.
Authors: Giera David S. , Sickert Marcel , Schneider Christoph
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI/L‐Proline‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfides in 95% Alcohol.
Authors: Guo Sheng‐Rong , Yuan Yan‐Qin
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transistors from a Conjugated Macrocycle Molecule: Field and Photo Effects
Authors: Zhao Wei , Tang Qin , Chan Hoi Shan , Xu Jianbin , Lo Ka Yuen , Miao Qian
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Controllable Cyclization Reactions of 2‐(2′,3′‐Allenyl)acetylacetates Catalyzed by Gold and Palladium Affording Substituted Cyclopentene and 4,5‐Dihydrofuran Derivatives with Distinct Selectivity.
Authors: Jiang Xuefeng , Ma Xiaojing , Zheng Zilong , Ma Shengming
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1(3H)‐Iminobenzo[c]thiophene Derivatives by Hydriodic Acid‐Mediated Cyclization of 2‐(Vinyl)thiobenzamide Derivatives.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Fujita Seiki , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.