bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização Hídrica Espacial e Sazonal de Mato Grosso do Sul com Dados em Grid
Authors: Aparecido Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira , Moraes José Reinaldo da Silva Cabral de , Meneses Kamila Cunha de , Torsoni Guilherme Botega , Costa Cicero Teixeira Silva
Published: April 2020

Resumo A utilização dos dados de reanálise atmosférico global (ERA-Interim), produzidos pelo European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts - ECMWF se torna uma importante ferramenta para regiões de produção agrícola, principalmente em áreas escassas de estações meteorológicas. Objetivou-se neste trabalho, caracterizar a variabilidade espacial e sazonal hídrica do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul usando dados de reanálise meteorológica do ERA-Interim. O estudo foi realizado no Mato Grosso do Sul, localizado na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os dados decendiais de precipitação pluvial e temperatura média do ar foram obtidos pelo ERA-Interim entre os anos de 1989 e 2015, totalizando 566 pontos. Estimou-se o armazenamento de água no solo, a deficiência hídrica e o excedente hídrico a partir do balanço hídrico normal de Thornthwaite e Mather (1955). No Mato Grosso do Sul ocorreu variação espacial e sazonal dos componentes do balanço hídrico. A variação sazonal do armazenamento hídrico do solo ocorreu com a mudança das estações do ano. A região sul do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul apresenta os maiores recursos hídricos, com DEF reduzido, ARM próximo de 100% e EXC elevados. Os maiores excedentes hídricos ocorrem no período de dezembro a março, enquanto, de agosto a outubro ocorrem os menores valores de excedentes hídricos no estado.
Tendências e Variabilidades nas Séries Históricas de Precipitação Mensal e Anual no Bioma Cerrado no Período 1977-2010
Authors: Campos Juliana de Oliveira , Chaves Henrique Marinho Leite
Published: April 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as séries históricas mensais e anuais de precipitação de longo termo do bioma Cerrado, buscando identificar tendências locais e regionais. Para tanto, foram realizadas diferentes análises de tendência de séries temporais de precipitação anual e mensal de 125 estações pluviométricas do Cerrado, no período entre 1977 e 2010. O teste de MK indicou que 71% dos postos analisados apresentaram tendência de queda na precipitação anual, dos quais 14% apresentaram tendência de queda estatisticamente significativa, predominantemente na região centro oeste do bioma. Apenas 28% das estações apresentaram tendência de aumento, sendo que destas, 1% foi estatisticamente significativa. O teste de TS indicou que, em média, a precipitação total anual no Cerrado diminuiu 125 mm (8,4%) no período estudado. Os meses de estação seca (junho, julho, agosto e setembro) apresentaram tendências de redução na precipitação em 76% das séries estudadas, sinalizando uma possível intensificação do período de estiagem na região. Os testes de tendência mostraram resultados consistentes entre si, sugerindo uma tendência geral de redução da precipitação no bioma.
Accuracy of Potential Evapotranspiration Models in Different Time Scales
Authors: Aparecido Lucas Eduardo de Oliveira , Meneses Kamila Cunha de , Torsoni Guilherme Botega , Moraes José Reinaldo da Silva Cabral de , Mesquita Daniel Zimmermann
Published: April 2020

Abstract Know the precision of potential evapotranspiration models in different agronomic and climatic conditions is useful for irrigated agriculture. Therefore, we aimed to compare 18 methods of estimation of ETP with the Penman-Monteith (FAO-56) method, at different time scales for the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Time series of climatic data were used on a daily scale between 1983 and 2018 from 22 locations in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. ETP estimation models tested were: Benevidez-Lopez, Blaney-Criddle, Camargo, Hamon, Hargreaves, Hargreaves-Samani, Jensen-Haise, Jobson, Kharrufa, Linacre, Makkink, Penman, Priestley-Taylor, Radiation, Romanenko, Tanner-Pelton, Thornthwaite, and Turc. These models were compared with Penman-Monteith in daily, weekly, and monthly scales. The comparison between the ETP estimation models and the Penman-Monteith model was performed by the statistical indices: accuracy (MAPE) and precision (R2aj). Estimation methods showed differences in efficiency over time scales. The best performances of the models were on the daily scale. For daily scale, methods of Priestley-Taylor, Hargreaves, Hamon, and Makkink present the best values of accuracy and precision for the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. In the weekly scale, the most accurate methods are Hamon and Makkink, while for monthly scale the best methods are Makkink and Priestley-Taylor.
Seed germination and antioxidant enzyme activity in seedlings of diploid and tetraploid bahiagrass under water restriction
Authors: Bortolin Gabriel Streck , Salinas-Arcienega Alfredo José , Galviz-Fajardo Yutcelia Carolina , Amarante Luciano do , Pedroso Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Oliveira João Carlos Pinto , Köpp Mauricio Marini , Martins Andrea Bicca Noguez , Tunes Lilian Vanussa Madruga de
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: The objective of the following research was to investigate the physiological responses of two bahiagrass genotypes (Paspalum notatum Flügge) submitted to water restriction, induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000), during seed germination. Seeds of cv. Pensacola (diploid) and Bagual ecotype (tetraploid) were placed on paper moistened with osmotic solutions at potentials of 0.0; -0.1; -0.2 and -0.3 MPa. Composed of two subsamples of 100 seeds and four experimental units per treatment, the germination test was conducted in a germination chamber under alternating temperatures of 30 °C (8 hours) and 20 °C (16 hours), with presence of light during the higher temperature. Final germination percentage and germination speed index of the seeds, as well as early growth, activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes of seedlings were evaluated. The water restriction induced by PEG6000 reduced the percentage of germination in Pensacola (from 74% to 59%) and Bagual (34% to 10%). For the latter, the evaluation of seedlings showed higher dry mass in relation to cv. Pensacola (1.7 times higher in root and 1.6 times in shoot). In response to moderate water restriction, the genotypes showed increases in root growth (1.7 times higher in -0.1 compared to 0.0 MPa), both in expression and enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase).
Substitution of ractopamine by safflower or coconut oil as an additive in finishing pig diets
Authors: Costa Clara Viviane Silva da , Moreira José Aparecido , Marinho Andreza Lourenço , Silva Natália Rocha , Carmo Myllena Emelly de Paiva , Ramalho Adriana Margarida Zambotto , Aguiar Emerson Moreira , Souza Janete Gouveia de , Teixeira Elisanie Neiva Magalhães
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to explore the substitution of ractopamine by coconut or safflower oil in finishing pig diets. The study included 24 crossbred barrows weighing 78.00 ± 8.76 kg distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments and six replicates composed of: basal ration (BR), BR + 10 ppm ractopamine, BR + four 1 g capsules of safflower oil, and BR + four 1 g capsules of coconut oil. Performance evaluation showed that safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil supplementation had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on weight gain and feed conversion. Carcass-related variables were also affected by the treatments (P < 0.05), with fat thickness 3 (FT3) reduced by the use of safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil. Rib eye area was positively affected (P < 0.05) by diet, with ractopamine, coconut oil, and safflower oil supplementation treatments showing higher values than control diet treatment. The diets also affected fatty acid profiles (P < 0.05), with decreased myristic acid content in animals supplemented with ractopamine and safflower oil and increased deposition of palmitoleic and oleic acids in animals supplemented with coconut oil and safflower oil, respectively. Results suggested that both safflower oil and coconut oil can be used as substitutes for ractopamine.
Congenital hepatic fibrosis associated with ascites in a nellore calf
Authors: Gois Daniela Dantas de , Sousa Isabelle Vieira de , Barbosa Francisca Maria Sousa , Silva Neto José Ferreira da , Sampaio Rubia Avlade Guedes , Simões Sara Vilar Dantas , Dantas Igor Mariz , Lucena Ricardo Barbosa
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is an autosomal recessive malformation characterized by a variable degree of fibrosis and bile duct proliferation, mainly described in people and rarely reported in bovine European breeds. In addition to liver fibrosis, this syndrome has been associated with ascites and subcutaneous edema in calves. This paper described the pathological findings of the first report of CHF in a Nelore bovine fetus. A stillborn calf was removed by cesarean section because of dystocia. At necropsy, characteristic changes of CHF were observed, such as a large increase in abdominal volume associated with hepatic fibrosis and marked subcutaneous edema. Histological examination of liver revealed periportal and port-portal islands of fibrosis separating the parenchyma into nodules of variable sizes and containing numerous abnormally shaped bile ducts. The CHF should be considered in the differential diagnosis in young calves that present with ascites.
Mycorrhization and saline stress response in Hyptis suaveolens
Authors: Souza Marília Cristina Gomes de , Morais Marciana Bizerra de , Andrade Marcelo da Silva , Vasconcelos Mayron Alves de , Sampaio Silvana Saker , Albuquerque Cynthia Cavalcanti de
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation of Hyptis suaveolens under osmotic stress due to salinity inoculations with a mycorrhizal fungal species. H. suaveolens seeds were germinated in polyethylene pots containing a substrate associated with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). After plant formation, treatments were treated with different salt concentrations (0.0, 35, 70, and 105 mM) and fungi (control and two types of AMF), totaling 12 treatments with three replicates. The experimental design used randomized blocks in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, totaling 12 treatments with three replicates each. Salinity affected all measured physiological and biochemical variables, and the stress reduced dry matter content. Plants associated with AMF had increased dry matter compared to non-associated plants, and there were increased biochemical and physiological responses of AMF-colonized plants in the 35 mM NaCl treatment. However, saline stress negatively affected the development of H. suaveolens; and therefore, no attenuation of fungi was observed.
Análise dos Parâmetros de Polaridade Negativa do Processo MAG-PV sobre Distorções Angulares
Authors: Gonzalez Arnaldo Ruben , Machado Ivan Guerra , Tomazi Augusto
Published: April 2020

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é entender a influência da polaridade negativa no processo de soldagem MAG Polaridade Variável, em particular para aplicações de revestimento. Para isso foram escolhidos individualmente os parâmetros da polaridade negativa e analisados em relação à distorção angular da junta soldada, utilizando aço ao carbono como metal base e aço inoxidável como metal de adição. Foi aplicada a metodologia de superfície de resposta e o projeto de experimentos Box-Behnken no planejamento e execução do experimento, variando três fatores: tempo de corrente de base positiva, tempo de corrente negativa e corrente negativa, em três níveis cada um. Os três parâmetros principais avaliados apresentaram efeito significativo sobre a distorção angular. O menor valor de distorção angular foi obtido para o tempo da corrente de base positiva (15 ms), tempo de corrente negativa (15 ms) e intensidade de corrente negativa (-50 A). Todos eles apresentaram efeitos significativos no resultado final, responsável pelo menor valor de distorção angular, aproximadamente 0,02748 rad. Posteriormente, foi realizada a validação do modelo matemático para o alvo de menor valor da distorção angular estimado, o erro (%) entre os resultados da distorção angular estimada mediante a equação de regressão e o experimento foi de 3,65%
Avaliação da Geração de Campos Magnéticos em Soldagens MIG/MAG no Modo Curto-circuito Convencional e Controlado
Authors: Martim Hélio Cardoso , Vilarinho Louriel Oliveira
Published: April 2020

Resumo: A soldagem MIG/MAG, amplamente utilizada em diferentes setores da indústria, destaca-se pela sua elevada produtividade. Nela são empregados níveis de corrente elevados capazes de gerar campos magnéticos intensos. Além desse fato, o presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar a relação de outras variáveis operacionais do processo com a geração de campos magnéticos. Para tanto, o planejamento experimental envolveu a variação dos níveis de tensão, velocidade de alimentação, modo de transferência metálica e proteção gasosa, de acordo com o processo analisado. A coleta dos valores de campo magnético foi realizada a diferentes distâncias do arco elétrico, como forma de reproduzir as regiões do corpo do soldador julgadas pela comissão internacional de proteção contra radiação não ionizante (ICNIRP) como aquelas que podem oferecer algum risco à saúde do trabalhador. Assim, foi percebido que os maiores valores de campo magnético são obtidos para os maiores níveis de tensão e velocidade de alimentação e quanto menor for a distância do arco elétrico. Ainda, registra-se maior geração de campo magnético na soldagem MIG/MAG em modo curto-circuito controlado. Por fim, os valores obtidos para a intensidade de campo magnético, em coerência com os parâmetros experimentais utilizados, não ultrapassam os valores limites estabelecidos pela ICNIRP.
Population and reproductive traits of a freshwater amphipod (Crustacea, Peracarida, Hyalellidae) from northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Castiglioni Daniela da Silva , Limberger Marcio , Castro Vanessa da Silva , Ubessi Francieli
Published: April 2020

Abstract The study of population and reproductive traits provides information about the ecological structure of natural populations. This study aimed to characterize dynamics and reproductive traits of Hyalella palmeirensis from a natural pond from southern Brazil. The amphipods were sampled monthly (August 2012 to July 2013) by a person with the aid of a hand net for 20 minutes. Ovigerous females and pre-copulatory pairs were individualized in the field. A total of 12,325 individuals were sampled, being 1,421 males, 6,983 females (including 215 ovigerous females) and 3,921 juveniles. Paired and unpaired males were significantly greater in size than females. There was a positive correlation between body size (CL) of paired males and females. Males and females showed bimodal distribution. Total sex ratio favored females, and these were more frequent in almost all months. Ovigerous females and precopulatory pairs were found throughout the year, but with high frequency in winter and autumn, respectively, characterizing a seasonal reproduction. Juveniles were sampled throughout the year, with greater intensity in the spring. The mean fecundity was 19.6 ± 4.34 eggs. No reduction in the number of eggs was observed during embryonic development. The results observed in H. palmeirensis demonstrate that this species has a population and reproductive dynamics very similar to other species of Hyalella already analyzed in southern Brazil. Moreover, it can be seen that although the H. palmeirensis occurs in an environment with anthropic influence (soy cultivation,) the population is managing to remain in the area, with reproduction and recruitment in most months of year.
Estratégia eleitoral nos municípios brasileiros: componente programático e alinhamento partidário
Authors: Salles Nara , Guarnieri Fernando
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Introdução: O artigo investiga o componente programático nas eleições municipais no Brasil, destacando se, e em que medida, os programas de governo exigidos por lei desde 2009 se alinham partidariamente. A hipótese é a de que, a despeito da fraqueza dos partidos brasileiros, conforme a literatura dominante, onde práticas particularistas teriam preponderância, a dimensão programática constitui, efetivamente, uma estratégia eleitoral, apresentando algum grau de consistência partidária. Materiais e Métodos: Para testar a consistência partidária dos programas de governo, analisamos 3.410 documentos de candidatos a prefeito em 2016 em 1.335 municípios, através do método de análise de texto que estima posições políticas a partir da frequência de palavras (wordfish). Resultados: Nossos achados demonstram que: 1) do ponto de vista eleitoral: candidatos a prefeito se diferenciam programaticamente e se alinham partidariamente em disputas em pequenos municípios e em disputas bipartidárias; 2) do ponto de vista partidário: grandes partidos distribuíram suas propostas de políticas públicas de modo difuso. Esse foi o caso do PMDB, PSDB, DEM, PT PSB e PSD e pode se associar isso a uma estratégia eleitoral mais abrangente, tentando se aproximar do eleitor mediano. Discussão: Isso significa não apenas que a dimensão programática é uma das estratégias mobilizadas na competição eleitoral no Brasil, mas também que os partidos contribuem para compreendê-las, mesmo que nem sempre de modo determinante.
O cravo e as baleias: a trajetória de Francisco Peres de Sousa, professor de música e homem de negócios (c. 1740-1782)
Authors: Salvino Romulo Valle
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Durante o Antigo Regime português, os contratos de tributos e direitos régios foram importante instrumento de governação, além de meio de enriquecimento e ascensão social para os homens de negócios. O ingresso no pequeno círculo dos principais contratadores exigia não só a possibilidade de arregimentar capital financeiro, mas também um sólido capital social dos dois lados do Atlântico. Este trabalho, com base em diversas fontes primárias, estuda o caso de Francisco Peres de Sousa, professor de música na casa do marquês de Pombal, que logrou estabelecer-se como homem de negócios e participar de importantes arrematações na segunda metade do século XVIII. Ele foi tanto líder oficial de certos empreendimentos quanto sócio da companhia de Inácio Pedro Quintela, que dominou a pesca da baleia e o estanco do sal no Brasil durante décadas. Sua permanência nesse mercado, ainda que como testa-de-ferro, prova a importância das redes de relacionamento e da proteção régia para a atividade dos principais contratadores.
Jacobeus nos trópicos: olhares sobre a sociedade e enquadramento religioso na diocese fluminense (1725-1773)
Authors: Souza Evergton Sales , Mendes Ediana Ferreira
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Frei Antônio de Guadalupe, D. Frei João da Cruz e D. Frei Antônio do Desterro administraram a diocese do Rio de Janeiro entre 1725 e 1773. Foram bispos vinculados à Jacobeia, movimento rigorista de reforma da vida religiosa que alcançou grande importância no mundo português, especialmente na primeira metade do século XVIII. O artigo pretende compreender como esses prelados que pregavam uma moral austera lidaram com a diversidade cultural e social da América portuguesa e puseram em prática suas políticas de enquadramento religioso. Busca-se descrever a presença dos bispos jacobeus na América portuguesa e, com maior detalhe, tratar das trajetórias de vida dos prelados fluminenses. Mostra-se como esses bispos se portaram no governo da diocese, como olharam para a sociedade, atentando para suas percepções acerca dos pardos e negros e, por fim, para as medidas que destinaram à população escravizada.
Política y finanzas locales en los territorios nacionales argentinos: el caso de Concepción de la Sierra, Territorio de Misiones (1880-1930)
Authors: Pyke Luz Irene
Published: April 2020

RESUMEN La incorporación al estado argentino de nuevos territorios al sur y nordeste del país a partir de 1880 demandó la creación de nuevas unidades políticas altamente centralizadas llamadas territorios nacionales. La definición de un sistema político y fiscal para los mismos resultó en gobernaciones no autónomas que coexistían con municipios autónomos, estos sí capaces de elegir un gobierno propio e imponer tributos. Estas características convirtieron a los municipios en actores políticos relevantes. El artículo propone analizar procesos vinculados a la constitución y consolidación de jurisdicciones fiscales locales a través del caso de Concepción de la Sierra en el Territorio de Misiones durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Entre ellos, se han analizado no sólo la estructura de recaudación y gastos municipales, sino también las diferentes instancias de diálogo y tensión frente a vecinos contribuyentes, frente a otros niveles superiores de gobierno y entre facciones políticas locales, que influyeron en la definición de la misma.
A baía como porto: o pensamento urbano e civilizatório de José Coelho da Gama e Abreu (c. 1855-1894)
Authors: Nassar Fleury Jorge
Published: April 2020

RESUMO As cidades, as civilizações e os portos eram utilizados por José Coelho da Gama e Abreu para entender rios e mares. No século XIX, estes eram percebidos sobretudo por sua utilidade - para locomoção das pessoas ou provisão de alimentos, por exemplo. Essa noção é fundamental na formação do pensamento urbanístico de Gama e Abreu, ator importante na configuração de Belém (PA) na segunda metade do século XIX. O artigo pretende abordar sua percepção não apenas dos rios, mas também, com base na locomoção por eles, das civilizações que conheceu, e como elas interferiram em suas ações na cidade de Belém, sobretudo pelo viés das importantes mudanças urbanísticas da cidade realizadas nesse período.
Movimientos estudiantiles en América Latina (1918-2011): aproximación historiográfica a sus rasgos compartidos
Authors: Romo Andrés Donoso
Published: April 2020

RESUMEN El artículo expone los resultados de una investigación historiográfica, con vocación interdisciplinaria, sobre los movimientos estudiantiles de América Latina. Más puntualmente identifica algunos rasgos presentes en cuatro grandes movimientos estudiantiles de los últimos cien años: el argentino de 1918, el brasileño de 1968, el mexicano de 1968 y el chileno de 2011. Un conocimiento relevante, entre otros aspectos, porque utiliza una escala de análisis temporal y espacial inédita en un campo donde priman los acercamientos a un solo movimiento estudiantil. Los rasgos compartidos por estos movimientos fueron identificados mediante un proceso sistemático de análisis de contenido que incorporó datos e interpretaciones provenientes de las principales fuentes tanto primarias como secundarias en la materia. Entre los rasgos identificados se cuentan el que en todos los movimientos se utilizara un repertorio de protestas similar y que en todos se defendiera la autonomía universitaria.
DO “MANIFESTO LATINO-AMERICANO” DE RAUL PREBISCH AOS DIAS DE HOJE: 70 ANOS DE ESTRUTURALISMO NA CEPAL
Authors: Bieslchowsky Ricardo
Published: April 2020

RESUMO O artigo é uma condensação de diferentes textos em que seu autor introduz coletâneas sobre o pensamento cepalino, que ele vem organizando desde 1998. Apresenta os elementos metodológicos e analíticos centrais à construção teórica estruturalista latino-americana, presentes tanto no período estruturalista (1949-1990), quanto no neo-estruturalista (desde 1990). Em seguida, sintetiza brevemente a evolução do pensamento estruturalista ao longo das sete décadas de sua existência.
THE EMBEDDEDNESS OF CORE-PERIPHERY RELATIONS IN TIME AND SPACE
Authors: Simonazzi Annamaria
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT The paper applies the core-periphery approach developed by the Latin American historical-structuralist school to study the consequences of European integration on its peripheral economies. The structural causes of the Eurozone crisis are explained in terms of the divergent trajectories of interdependent economies with different productive capabilities. It is argued that, as in the 1970s, the new challenges confronting the EU - the digital transformation, new consumption patterns, reversal from globalisation to regional blocs, disenchantment with the European project - call for a radical change in the institutional and productive structures of the Eurozone. Averting the prospect of a disintegrative crisis means revising the European institutions and policies in the direction of a more egalitarian and cohesive Union.
ESTADO E DESENVOLVIMENTO NA AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Fiori José Luís
Published: April 2020

RESUMO Este trabalho foi escrito em atendimento a uma solicitação da CEPAL, com o objetivo de sugerir - de forma sintética - algumas premissas para um novo programa de pesquisa sobre o tema do estado e do desenvolvimento na América Latina. Primeiro, ele resume as principais posições do debate clássico sobre este tema, do período áureo do desenvolvimentismo latino-americano, entre os anos 1950 e 1970 do século passado. E logo depois sugere uma nova perspectiva, e uma rediscussão da questão do desenvolvimento, a partir de um ponto de vista que privilegia o ângulo do “poder” e da competição pelo poder dentro do “sistema interestatal”, como condições essenciais do sucesso econômico das principais potencias capitalistas do sistema internacional. Para finalmente, apresentar alguns cenários possíveis do desenvolvimento latino-americano, dentro de um sistema mundial em plena transformação.
Metabolic acidosis in hemodialysis: a neglected problem in Brazil
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Ramos , Strogoff-de-Matos Jorge Paulo , Lugon Jocemir Ronaldo
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Metabolic acidosis is associated with the high mortality seen in hemodialysis patients. The panorama of metabolic acidosis in hemodialysis in Brazil is unclear since 1996 when the analysis of bicarbonate levels was no longer a compulsory exam. We aimed to establish the prevalence of metabolic acidosis in a hemodialysis population and analyze the factors associated with low bicarbonate levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence of metabolic acidosis in adults undergoing regular hemodialysis from January to April 2017, in four dialysis centers from Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and surroundings. For blood gas analysis, samples of 2 mL were collected in heparinized syringes before a midweek dialysis session. Results: 384 patients with a mean age of 58.1 ± 15.8 years (54.5% men and 63.0%, non-white) were included. Approximately 30% had diabetes and 48%, hypertension. Nearly 88% used primary arteriovenous fistula as vascular access. The pre-dialysis mean serum tCO2 in the midweek session was 22.7 ± 3.0 mEq/L. The prevalence rate of serum bicarbonate below DOQI recommendation (22 mEq/L or higher) was 40.3%, and 6.5% had serum bicarbonate < 18 mEq/L. The dialyzer use count and the use of low-flux dialyzers were negatively associated whereas age and the standard Kt/V values were positively associated with the serum bicarbonate levels. Conclusion: The findings were in agreement with global data reported in previous studies. However, because the sample was relatively small and non-representative of the Brazilian population, a more comprehensive study, addressing national data is necessary to substantiate our findings.
Influence of El Niño and La Niña phenomena on seasonality of the relative frequency of rainfall in southern Amazonas mesoregion
Authors: Pedreira Junior Altemar Lopes , Querino Carlos Alexandre Santos , Biudes Marcelo Sacardi , Machado Nadja Gomes , Santos Luiz Octavio Fabricio dos , Ivo Israel Oliveira
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT The global and Amazon climate change, mainly in rainfall, due to the El Niño and La Ninã phenomena. The objective of this study was to analyze the relative frequency (RF) of rainfall, in different periods of the day, during occurrences of El Niño, La Niña events and neutrality condition. The research was carried out in the Southern mesoregion of the state of Amazonas (Apuí, Boca do Acre, Lábrea, Manicoré and Humaitá). Data were analyzed by the Spiegel´s method. The rainfall data were obtained from the Global Land Data Assimilation database from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2018. Data were made available every three hours and integrated into six hours. RF of rainfall was higher in the afternoon in La Niña, Neutro and El Niño years in all municipalities. The RF in La Niña year was higher than during El Niño. The RF during the Neutral year was higher than during El Niño in Apuí and Boca do Acre, and had no difference in Lábrea, Manicoré and Humaitá. The rainfall in the southern Amazon mesoregion was more frequent during the afternoon.
CONTAR PARA COMPRENDER: CIERRE DE ESCUELAS RURALES MUNICIPALES EN CHILE Y SUS IMPLICANCIAS PARA LAS COMUNIDADES
Authors: Muñozo Carmen Núñez , Niculcar Bryan González , Costa Paula Ascorra , Grech Shaun
Published: April 2020

RESUMEN Frente a los sucesivos cierres de escuelas rurales, se presenta un estudio cuyo objetivo es conocer su real dimensión. Se presenta una caracterización estadística de las escuelas básicas rurales cerradas en Chile entre el 2000 y 2016. Se analizó el número de escuelas rurales en funcionamiento y cerradas a nivel nacional, regional, por dependencia administrativa, Índice de Vulnerabilidad Escolar y matrícula. Los resultados muestran que los cierres no son hechos aislados, sino una tendencia que alcanza dimensiones preocupantes. La media del IVE de las escuelas cerradas muestra que los cierres afectan principalmente a la población más pobre. Desde estos resultados se interroga la política educativa, su relación con el debilitamiento de la educación rural y sus consecuencias en las comunidades rurales.
Effect of Different Herbicides, Plant Extracts and Mulches on Yield and Yield Components of Maize
Authors: KHAN I.A. , REHMAN O.U. , KHAN S.A. , HAMEED ALSAMADANY  , YAHYA ALZAHRANI
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT: To examine the effect of pre emergence herbicides, plant extracts and mulches on yield and yield components of maize, a field experiment was carried out at New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during summer crop season 2016. Maize variety “Azam” was sown in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design having four replications and ten treatments i.e. hand weeding, Dual Gold 960 EC (S-metolachlor 1 L ha-1), Stomp 330 EC (pendimethaline 2.5 L ha-1), atrazine 1.25 L ha-1, Eucalyptus camaldulensis L. extract (125 g L-1), Ammi visnaga L. extract (125 g L-1), black plastic mulch, wheat straw mulch, saw dust mulch and weedy check. The data revealed that hand weeding and herbicides significantly affected the weed density (m-2), weeds biomass (kg ha-1), plant height (cm), kernels weight (g), number of kernels ear-1, biological yield (kg ha-1) and grain yield (kg ha-1). All the significant parameters of crop were comparable among the hand weeding, atrazine, S-metolachlor and pendimethaline treated plots. However, atrazine and S-metolachlor proved to be the most economical herbicides giving maximum yield (4636.4 and 4562.8 kg ha-1), respectively. Among plant extracts, E. camaldulensis showed satisfactory results in suppressing weeds and enhancing yield of maize i.e. (3441.6 kg ha-1). Hence, the use of herbicides (atrazine and S-metolachlor) at the recommended rates and hand weeding is recommended for effective weed control and ultimately high yield of maize crop.
Como a Estratégia de Saúde da Família pode ser considerada ferramenta de apoio no combate ao COVID-19?
Authors: Japiassu Renato Barbosa , Rached Chennyfer Dobbins Abi
Published: April 2020

O COVID-19 é um vírus de ácido ribonucleico de fita única e envolvido, responsável pela produção de uma síndrome semelhante à influenza. Surgiu em dezembro de 2019, na região de Hubei, China. Esse vírus se espalhou por todo mundo e hoje é uma pandemia global, devido sua forma rápida de transmissão e o agravamento em pessoas predispostas. Os profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família fazem a busca ativa na comunidade de possíveis casos de síndrome gripal e buscam a prevenção e o isolamento, conforme manuais de órgãos nacionais e internacionais, além de realizar acompanhamento de cada caso e a evolução, tendo como principal função, nessa atual pandemia, a de rastrear novos casos de síndrome gripal, casos suspeitos ou positivos para COVID-19, isolar esses usuários em domicílio, realizar acompanhamento domiciliar e orientações aos familiares e dos cuidadores.
A study on the energy-saving potential of university campuses in Turkey
Authors: Yildiz Yusuf , Koçyiğit Merve
Published: April 2020

Due to the large number of buildings, energy consumption in the university campuses of Turkey may tend to increase over time. In this context, their potential energy savings need to be explored. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate energy savings in university campuses by applying different energy-efficient measures with simulation-based analysis. To do that, four buildings from the Balıkesir University campus were the focus of the present study. The energy billing data were used to calibrate and adjust the simulation models produced from the DesignBuilder software. The results showed that an energy reduction of over 60% in the examined buildings is possible with proper energy-efficient solutions, which is considered very effective. This means that the findings demonstrate a high potential for campus building retrofitting with passive, active and combined strategies. The energy-saving potentials calculated for each building can guide university authorities to determine feasible energy-saving techniques for buildings with large energy conservation potential and forecast future retrofitting planning development in campuses.
Permeation behaviour of PHPA polymer fluids in sand
Authors: Ejezie John O. , Jefferis Stephan A. , Lam Carlos , Sedighi Majid , Ahmad Syed M.
Published: April 2020

Polymer solutions are now commonly used as excavation-support fluids for the construction of bored piles (drilled shafts) and diaphragm walls around the world. Fluids based on synthetic polymers have several advantages over the conventional bentonite-based slurries, including improved foundation performance, smaller site footprint and reduced environmental impact. However, the flow behaviour of polymer fluids in soils is not well understood, and this hinders the study of the stabilising mechanisms of the support fluids. This paper presents the results of an experimental study to investigate the permeation characteristics of polymer fluids in coarse soils at the macroscopic level. To this end, constant-head permeability tests were carried out using three gradings of sand and partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide solutions over a range of concentrations, with water as a reference fluid. The results show that, under steady-state flow conditions, the hydraulic conductivity of the sand reduced from about 10−2 m/s when tested with water to values ranging from an order of 10−4 to 10−7 m/s when permeated with polymer solutions. This reduction in permeability by many orders of magnitude explains why polymer fluids can stabilise excavations in sand, while water alone cannot. In addition, the rheological properties of the polymer fluids derived from the permeability tests were found to differ from those measured in a rheometer. This suggests that the permeation behaviour of polymer fluids in sand cannot be predicted from rheometer measurements alone and that the effect of soil must be considered. The findings reported in this paper will provide the basis for future investigations into the stability of excavations stabilised with polymer fluids.
'n Verkenning van aardsistemiese kwesbaarheid binne die konteks van afvalstortingsterreine in die Antroposeen
Authors: Grübler L , Schenck R
Published: April 2020

Die Antroposeen verwys na 'n geologiese epog wat oorheers word deur die mens. Binne hierdie epog verander menslike aktiwiteit atmosferiese, geologiese, hidrologiese, biosferiese en ander aardsistemiese prosesse. Hierdie prosesse kan nie meer bloot toegeskryf word aan die natuur nie. Die verreikende gevolge van menslike aktiwiteit lei tot aardsistemiese kwesbaarheid. Een van die gevolge van menslike aktiwiteit wat 'n diepgaande impak in die Antroposeen het en optree as katalisator vir weerloosheid, is afval. Hecht (2018:111) het inderdaad die Antroposeen beskryf as die "apoteose van afval". Binne die konteks van die Antroposeen verken hierdie artikel Martha Fineman se kwesbaarheidsteorie en Louis Kotzé se verwante en uitgebreide raamwerk van aardsistemiese kwesbaarheid. Beide Fineman en Kotzé bepleit 'n destabilisering van tradisionele regsubjektiwiteit. Hul uitgangspunt is nie die Westerse, liberale, outonome subjek nie, maar eerder die universele subjek wat aanspraak maak op 'n responsiewe staat. 'n Responsiewe staat behoort veerkragtigheidsbronne te produseer om universele kwesbaarheid teen te werk. Oorweging moet geskenk word daaraan of die idee van die universele kwesbare subjek relevant is in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks met sy menseregtebenadering wat substantiewe gelykheid voorstaan. Die konsep kan egter wel ander tekortkomings van menseregte aanspreek. Die artikel toon dat aardsistemiese kwesbaarheid veroorsaak word deur verhoudings tussen menslike en niemenslike subjekte en die afvalstortingsterrein-omgewing op beide mikro- en makro-ekologiese vlak. Dit spoor persoonlike, relasionele en institusionele kwesbaarhede van beide menslike en niemenslike entiteite by die lokus van die afval-stortingsterrein na en lewer sodoende 'n bydrae tot progressiewe regsteorie betreffende afval.
Die "Corps Pandoeren", 1793-1795: Krygers ter verdediging van die Kaapkolonie teen die einde van die Nederlandse bewind
Authors: de Villiers J
Published: April 2020

Hierdie artikel belig die stigting en rol van die "Corps Pandoeren" aan die Kaap in die jare 1793-1795. Dit was 'n voordelige manier om die Kolonie te versterk teen 'n moontlike buitelandse vyand. Die korps is saamgestel uit weerbare manlike Khoekhoen en persone van gemengde afkoms wat vertroud was met die gebruik van 'n skietgeweer. Die offisiere was afkomstig uit ervare lede van die burgermag met Jan Cloete in 1795 as kommandant. Die pandoere is as ligte infanterie operasioneel aangewend nadat 'n Britse besettingsmag in Junie 1795 in Simonsbaai aangekom het. Na die Britse aanslag op die Kompanjiespos Muysenburg (vandag Muizenberg) het die pandoere in samewerking met die burgerkavallerie by verskillende geleenthede sukses behaal as onkonvensionele of guerillavegters teen die vyand. Die ongevalle aan die kant van die pandoere was beperk, maar op 1 September het ontevredenheid in eie geledere gelei tot 'n opmars van gewapende pandoere vanaf Steenberg na die Kasteel in Kaapstad. Kommissaris Sluysken het hulle gemoedere kalmeer deur beloftes van beter onderhoud en twee stuiwers aan elkeen geskenk. Daarna was die dissipline en betroubaarheid van die pandoere in die weegskaal.Tog het tydgenootlike waarnemers, met enkele voorbehoude, groot lof vir die korps as 'n effektiewe gevegseenheid gehad.
Infrastruktuurskepping tydens die bewind van BJ Vorster: Bate of las vir die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie?
Authors: Pisani J
Published: April 2020

Hierdie artikel stel ondersoek in na die grootskaalse skepping van infrastruktuur in Suid-Afrika tydens die bewind van BJ Vorster as eerste minister (1966-1978) om die negatiewe en positiewe uitkomste daarvan te beoordeel en te besluit of dit voor- of nadelig vir die land was. Die agtergrond van ekonomiese tendense in daardie era word geskets, vanaf die tydperk van ongekende ekonomiese groei in die laat 1960's en vroeë 1970's tot die ekonomiese afplatting vanaf die middel-1970's, met besondere verwysing na die inflasieprobleem. 'n Oorsig word gegee van al die groot infrastruktuurprojekte van daardie tyd, insluitende onder meer die Oranjerivierskema, die Richardsbaai- en Sishen-Saldanhaprojekte, Yskor 3 en Sasol 2. Die nadele en voordele van hierdie projekte word opgeweeg. Aan die een kant het die massiewe uitgawes aan die projekte owerheidsbesteding en inflasie laat styg, asook die staat se greep op die ekonomie, wat nadelig was vir vryemarkontwikkeling, verstewig. Aan die ander kant het die projekte die normale voordele van verbeterde infrastruktuur, soos beter dienslewering, werkverskaffing, produktiwiteitsverbetering en algemene ekonomiese groei, meegebring. Ongeag die voor- en nadele van infrastruktuurskepping in die kort- en mediumtermyne, kan die langtermynimpak nie misgekyk word nie. Daardie infrastruktuur het die land oor baie dekades gedien en staan steeds as 'n monument vir die Afrikanernasionalistiese visie in die apartheidsjare om Suid-Afrika tot 'n betekenisvolle middelslagmoondheid op te hef.
King Kong-verwerkings (1959-2017): Deurkruisings van kultuur en samelewing
Authors: Xaba A
Published: April 2020

Die verwerking van die musiekblyspel King Kong in 2017 sou nie gedoen kon word sonder om die oorspronklike musiekblyspel van 1959 op te roep in die geheue van sowel die vervaardigers as die gehore nie, aangesien die oorspronklike weergawe aansienlike kulturele aanklank gevind het tydens die 1959-opvoering daarvan. Hoewel die weergawe van die musiekblyspel wat destyds in Suid-Afrika opgevoer is suksesvol was, is ook 'n ander weergawe geskep vir die werk se Londense debuut in 1961. En toe King Kong weer na Suid-Afrika terugkeer in 2017, is dit nogmaals aangepas nadat dit dekades lank nie opgevoer is nie. In die jare tussenin het die musiekblyspel in die kollektiewe bewussyn voortgeleef en is in hierdie opsig aangehelp deur die internasionale gewildheid van sommige van die oorspronklike deelnemers, onder andere Miriam Makeba en Hugh Masekela. Die twee musikante het hul ervaringe wat hulle tydens hul deelname aan die musiekblyspel opgedoen het, in hul onderskeie outobiografieë beskryf. Hierdie boeke, tesame met die gewildheid van Todd Matshikiza se musiek en veral die spanningsvolle sosiopolitieke omstandighede gedurende die tyd toe die musiekblyspel geskep is, het 'n stewige nalatenskap op die musiekblyspel gelaat. Marvin Carlson (2011) skryf in The haunted stage dat kontemporêre opvoerings van ouer verhoogstukke sonder uitsondering die verhoogstuk se voorgaande weergawes in herinnering roep. Carlson noem dat hierdie eggo's van vervloë verhoogstukke op spesifieke maniere by die verwerkte weergawes van die verhoogstukke indring. Ek argumenteer dat die verwerking van King Kong in 2017 op soortgelyke wyse die herinnering aan die "oorspronklike" King Kong gestimuleer het en dus invloed uitgeoefen het op die nuwe 2017-verwerking van King Kong.
"Wie praat hier?" Die rol van die verwerker in die aanpassing van 'n roman na 'n jeugteaterproduksie met kulturele en geografiese verskuiwings
Authors: Nel A , du Preez P
Published: April 2020

Hierdie artikel ondersoek die verwerkingsproses van die roman Dis ek, Anna deur Anchien Troskie (onder die skuilnaam Elbie Lötter) na 'n jeugteaterdrama getiteld Dis ek, Annatjie. Hierdie jeugteaterdrama is opgevoer deur hoërskoolleerders onder leiding van 'n professionele teatermaker vir 'n toneelkompetisie wat 'n tydsbeperking van 45 minute gestel het. Keuses moes dus gemaak word ten opsigte van die storiegegewens in die bronteks. Om die relevansie van die verhaalgegewens vir die leerders te verhoog, is kulturele aanpassings gemaak met taal as 'n belangrike merker, en die milieu is verplaas na die geografiese en sosiale omgewing van die leerders. Die posisie van die teksverwerker en regisseur word in hierdie artikel geproble-matiseer, aangesien hulle profiel verskil van die leerders se kultuur- en milieuprofiel. Kwessies rondom kulturele toe-eiening word derhalwe in die artikel vooropgestel. Die bevindinge uit hierdie praktykgerigte navorsing sluit in dat die samewerkende prosesse tussen die teatermaker en die deelnemende leerders van kardinale belang is. Die kulturele en geografiese verskuiwings bied verder vir die deelnemende leerders 'n geleentheid om identiteitskwessies aan te spreek, terwyl die tematiek van die verhoogproduksie relevante sosiale kwessies vir die deelnemers en teikengehoor bevat. Hierdie gevolgtrekkings kon slegs gemaak word omdat die aanpassings-proses nie 'n individu- of outeursgerigte proses was nie, maar die behoeftes en kennis van die leerders in die proses vooropgestel het. Die deelnemende aard van die proses verseker nie net dat die teikengehoor aanklank by die verwerking vind nie, maar dit bewerkstellig ook 'n outentisiteit wat bydra tot die geloofwaardigheid van die verwerking.
Vertaling en verwerking as interpretasie en strategie: My seuns deur Christo Davids in die lig van All My Sons deur Arthur Miller
Authors: Van Coller H , Van Jaarsveld A
Published: April 2020

In hierdie artikel word die proses van vertaling, verwerking of omwerking na 'n geheel ander teks, binne moontlike vorme van interkonnektiwiteit bestudeer aan die hand van die twee dramas All my Sons deur Arthur Miller en My seuns deur Christo Davids. Al hierdie prosesse behels die transformasie van 'n bronteks (BT) na 'n doelteks (DT) en is in 'n sekere sin 'n bemiddeling tussen twee kulture. In die inleidende gedeelte word relevante teorieë rakende vertaling in die breë sin van die woord kortliks bespreek. Daar word verwys na die prosesse van domestikasie en vervreemding (Venuti) wat die oorspronklike kultuur nader aan die huis bring of andersyds die afstand tussen die bron- en doelkultuur beklemtoon. Verder word ook verwys na teatervertaling (Aaltonen): waarbinne een teks, tyd kan ophef in die verwerking/ omwerking na 'n nuwe teks en semiotiese vertaling of verwerking (Marais) as 'n komplekse kruiskulturele konsep, 'n dinamiese verskynsel wat na vore kom uit verhoudings tussen individue. In die laaste deel van hierdie artikel word fundamentele interpretatiewe moontlikhede van die teorieë ondersoek met spesifieke verwysing na die gebruik van domestikasie in My seuns, omdat Davids die universele tematiese benadering van Miller in All my Sons domestikeer vir 'n Suid-Afrikaanse werklikheid. Hetsy bronteksgeoriënteerd binne 'n meer relasionele vertaal-, verwerkingstrategie of sterker semioties georiënteerd binne 'n duidelik doelteks (ander teks) vertaal-, verwerking-, omwerkingstrategie, is dit belangrik dat die vertaler/ verwerker deurgaans bewus moet wees van 'n bepaalde keuse of voorkeur in 'n poging om sy/haar vertaal-, verwerk-, omwerkopdrag, hetsy selfopgelegd of nie, toe te pas tot voordeel van die teks self. Hierdie artikel poog dus om die poëtikale voorkeure van die vertaler/verwerker te identifiseer en die finale produk vervolgens te beskryf (en te evalueer) binne 'n bespreking van die sukses van die nuwe teks teen die agtergrond van die oorspronklike en of dit uiteindelik slaag as verwerking/omwerking, of nie.
Dictons et Traditions
Authors: Moscoso García Francisco
Published: April 2020

Edition et présentation des textes ethnographiques collectés par le P. Yves Alliaume entre 1926 et 1975 au Sahara algérien. Ils proviennent de la Bibliothèque du « Centre Culturel et de Documentation Saharienne » (Ghardaïa, Algérie). L’ouvrage du P. Alliaume est divisé en vingt-sept dossiers comprenant trois cent dix thèmes. Chacun d’eux contient différents textes : dialogues entre le P. Alliaume et les gens, doctrine musulmane, contes populaires, histoires, devinettes, textes de l’Évangile, leçons de morale, expressions et textes ethnographiques en général. Cette édition est précédée de l’index des fascicules et les thèmes. À la fin, nous avons ajouté onze annexes et un glossaire divisé en catégories de mots qui pourront aider le chercheur dans ses recherches.