bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glioblastom – aktuelle Therapiekonzepte
Authors: Rieger David , Renovanz Mirjam , Kurz Sylvia , Bombach Paula , Paulsen Frank , Roder Constantin , Tatagiba Marcos , Niyazi Maximilian , Tabatabai Ghazaleh
Published: January 2024

Das Glioblastom gehört zu den häufigsten primären Tumoren des zentralen Nervensystems und ist mit einer ungünstigen Prognose verbunden. Die Kriterien für eine integrierte Diagnose basieren auf histologischen und molekularen Merkmalen, die in der aktuellen Klassifikation der Weltgesundheitsorganisation verankert sind. Die postoperative Erstlinientherapie besteht in einer Kombination von Radiotherapie, Temozolomidchemotherapie (je nach molekularem Profil, Alter und klinisch-neurologischem Zustand kombiniert mit Lomustin) sowie Tumortherapiefeldern. Die Therapiestrategie bei Progression wird interdisziplinär abgestimmt, basierend auf verschiedenen Kriterien, darunter der klinische Zustand, die Latenz zur Erstlinientherapie und das bildgebende Progressionsmuster. Klinische Therapiestudien sind in jedem Krankheitsstadium integraler Bestandteil der Glioblastombehandlung. Aktuelle klinische Therapiestudien untersuchen biomarkerbasierte Therapiestrategien, verschiedene Strategien der Immuntherapie oder auch die weitere Optimierung bisheriger Therapiekonzepte.
Neuromarketing and Eye-Tracking Technologies Under the European Framework: Towards the GDPR and Beyond
Authors: Sposini L.
Published: January 2024

The Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons regarding the processing of personal data (GDPR) is one of the key fundamental pieces of European legislation to protect human rights and freedoms. However, the development of AI systems that are capable of collecting and processing large amounts of data and predicting user habits and emotional states has affected traditional legal categories and tested their resilience. This paper assesses the limits of the current formulation of the GDPR which does not take expressly into account the category of inferred data as a special category of data. Furthermore, it questions whether the toolbox put in place by the GDPR is still effective in protecting data subjects from practices such as neuromarketing and eye-tracking systems. It shows that it is certainly the essential starting point, but that, on the other hand, cannot be spared criticism. For this, in the recent years, the European legislator has adopted further legislations including, in particular, the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA). Although representing a step forward in protection against such technologies, they each have critical aspects that need to be considered.
Between Crime and Commemoration: Human–Object Relationships in the Treasure Hunting for World War II Objects
Authors: Bērziņa Diāna
Published: January 2024

Drawing on the sample of data gathered from Russian treasure hunting forums and from other social media platforms, this paper looks at human-object relationships that exist in the grey area of treasure hunting for World War II objects in Russia. It explores the confluence of criminal or criminalised acts with acts of commemoration as they are mediated through the network of relationships between object and human. As a result, it is possible to argue that objects have certain agentic qualities that affect people in their group and networks of relations. This suggests that further research on objects and their influence is necessary, particularly their role and influence on crime.
Learning Mechanisms Explaining Learning With Digital Tools in Educational Settings: a Cognitive Process Framework
Authors: Reinhold Frank , Leuders Timo , Loibl Katharina , Nückles Matthias , Beege Maik , Boelmann Jan M.
Published: January 2024

To explain successful subject matter learning with digital tools, the specification of mediating cognitive processes is crucial for any empirical investigation. We introduce a cognitive process framework for the mechanisms of learning with digital tools (CoDiL) that combines core ideas from the psychology of instruction (utilization-of-learning-opportunity framework), cognitive psychology (knowledge-learning-instruction framework), and domain-specific research on learning and instruction. This synthesizing framework can be used to theoretically ground, firstly, the design of digital tools for learning, and secondly, the empirical analysis of students’ learning activities in digitally enriched educational settings via the analysis of specific student-tool interactions.
Competencies and fighting syllabusism
Authors: Højgaard Tomas
Published: January 2024

For decades, mastery ambitions related to processes like problem-solving, modelling, and reasoning have been incorporated in mathematics curricula around the world. Meanwhile, such ambitions are hindered by syllabusism, a term I use to denote a conviction that results in mastery of a subject being equated with proficiency in a specific subject matter and making that equation the fulcrum of educational processes from teaching to curriculum development. In this article, I argue that using an open two-dimensional structure for curricular content that comprises a set of subject-specific competencies and a modest range of subject matter can help fight syllabusism. I explore and motivate the concept of syllabusism, using the development of a width-depth model of possible curricular ambitions within a given period of time to visualise the detrimental consequences for the attained depth of student learning. In the final part of the article, I illustrate the use of the width-depth model by analysing a specific mathematics curriculum. This analysis leads to two conclusions. Firstly, by highlighting mastery ambitions at the structural level, an open two-dimensional content structure is a powerful means to fight syllabusism. Secondly, using such an approach requires the explicit expression of these mastery ambitions and their conceptualisation independent of the subject matter. In the case of mathematics education, this has taken the form of a set of mathematical competencies.
Impaired STING Activation Due to a Variant in the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase AMFR in a Patient with Severe VZV Infection and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Thomsen Michelle Mølgaard , Skouboe Morten Kelder , Møhlenberg Michelle , Zhao Jian , de Keukeleere Kerstin , Heinz Johanna Laura , Werner Marvin , Hollensen Anne Kruse , Lønskov Jonas , Nielsen Ian , Carter-Timofte Madalina Elena , Zhang Baocun , Mikkelsen Jacob Giehm , Fisker Niels , Paludan Søren R. , Assing Kristian , Mogensen Trine H.
Published: January 2024

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus exclusively infecting humans, causing two distinct pathologies: varicella (chickenpox) upon primary infection and herpes zoster (shingles) following reactivation. In susceptible individuals, VZV can give rise to more severe clinical manifestations, including disseminated infection, pneumonitis, encephalitis, and vasculopathy with stroke. Here, we describe a 3-year-old boy in whom varicella followed a complicated course with thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions, pneumonitis, and intermittent encephalopathy. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was strongly suspected and as the condition deteriorated, HLH therapy was initiated. Although the clinical condition improved, longstanding hemophagocytosis followed despite therapy. We found that the patient carries a rare monoallelic variant in autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR), encoding a ubiquitin ligase involved in innate cytosolic DNA sensing and interferon (IFN) production through the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the patient exhibited impaired signaling downstream of STING in response dsDNA and 2'3'-cGAMP, agonists of cGAS and STING, respectively, and fibroblasts from the patient showed impaired type I IFN responses and significantly increased VZV replication. Overexpression of the variant AMFR R594C resulted in decreased K27-linked STING ubiquitination compared to WT AMFR. Moreover, ImageStream technology revealed reduced STING trafficking from ER to Golgi in cells expressing the patient AMFR R594C variant. This was supported by a dose-dependent dominant negative effect of expression of the patient AMFR variant as measured by IFN-β reporter gene assay. Finally, lentiviral transduction with WT AMFR partially reconstituted 2'3'-cGAMP-induced STING-mediated signaling and ISG expression in patient PBMCs. This work links defective AMFR-STING signaling to severe VZV disease and hyperinflammation and suggests a direct role for cGAS-STING in the control of viral infections in humans. In conclusion, we describe a novel genetic etiology of severe VZV disease in childhood, also representing the first inborn error of immunity related to a defect in the cGAS-STING pathway.
An Algebraic View of the Mares-Goldblatt Semantics
Authors: Tedder Andrew
Published: January 2024

An algebraic characterisation is given of the Mares-Goldblatt semantics for quantified extensions of relevant and modal logics. Some features of this more general semantic framework are investigated, and the relations to some recent work in algebraic semantics for quantified extensions of non-classical logics are considered.
KernelFlexSR: a self-adaptive super-resolution algorithm with multi-path convolution and residual network for dynamic kernel enhancement
Authors: Zhang Haotian , Teng Long , Wang Youyi , Qu Hang , Tang Chak-yin
Published: January 2024

Machine learning-based image super-resolution (SR) has garnered increasing research interest in recent years. However, there are two issues that have not been adequately addressed. The first issue is that existing SR methods often overlook the importance of improving the quality of the training dataset, which is a crucial factor in determining SR performance, regardless of the training method employed. The second issue is that while some studies report high numerical metrics, the visual results remain unsatisfactory. To address the first problem, we propose a new image down-sampling method to obtain higher-quality training datasets. To tackle the second problem, we present a new image super-resolution model based on a large-size convolution kernel and a multi-path algorithm. Specifically, we use an adaptive large-size convolutional kernel to extract features from the image based on the size of the input image, and a residual network to generate a deeper model to retain more details of the original input image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed multilayer downsampling method (MDM) can significantly improve the visual quality compared to traditional downsampling methods. Moreover, our proposed method achieves the best peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) values compared to several typical SR algorithms. Furthermore, subjective evaluation by human observers reveals that our method retains more details of the original image and produces smoother high-resolution images. Our proposed method effectively addresses the two aforementioned issues, which leads to improved SR performance in terms of both quantitative and qualitative measures.
In vitro propagation and DNA barcoding of the rare near endemic Plantago sinaica (Barnéoud) plant in Saint Katherine, Sinai
Authors: Ghareb Heba El-Sayed , Abouseadaa Heba Hamdy
Published: January 2024

Plantago sinaica is a rare perennial shrub near-endemic to Egypt and found in Saint Katherine Protectorate in Sinai. The first successful in vitro propagation protocol was conducted to protect the plant outside its natural reserves. Shoot tip, stem node section, cotyledonary node, and root explants separated from in vitro germinated seedlings were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enriched with different concentrations and types of cytokinins. It was found that 6-benzyl adenine (BA) is the most efficient cytokinin. MS medium containing 3.33 µM BA and 0.54 µM α-naphthalene acetic acids (NAA) produced 10.25 and 11.30 shoots/explant using shoot tip and stem node section, respectively. Conversely, MS medium + 2.22 µM BA + 0.54 µM NAA produced 13.25 shoots from root explants. Surprisingly, the cotyledonary node explants favored MS medium free from plant growth regulators (PGRs), which produced only 4.25 shoots/explant. The multiplied shoots were rooted successfully with a 100% rooting percentage on half MS medium containing 1.23 or 2.46 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In vitro, rooted plantlets were efficiently transferred to the greenhouse with a 90% survivability. Finally, the plant was identified using three DNA barcodes; 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL), plastid photosystem II protein D1 intergenic spacer region (psbA–trnH), and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) barcodes. Additionally, psbA–trnH and ITS were novel and submitted to the GenBank databases for the first time for Plantago sinaica. Our study supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 15, which is to preserve, restore and reinstate sustainable usage of terrestrial ecosystems and to stop biodiversity loss.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of patient safety in European emergency departments: a comparative analysis of survey results
Authors: Petrino Roberta , Biondi Carola , Castrillo Luis Garcia
Published: January 2024

Patient safety is a significant concern worldwide. The Emergency Departments (EDs) are vulnerable to adverse events. Europe, with its diverse healthcare systems, differs in patient safety. This study aimed to identify safety challenges through a comparative analysis of healthcare professionals’ perceptions of patient safety in European EDs. In early 2023, a validated questionnaire was distributed to European ED professionals, meeting specific response rate criteria. The questionnaire included five safety domains and additional questions about infection control and team morale, with 36 ordinal scale questions. Responses ranged in five levels from “Never” to “Always,” and the scores were summed to calculate the total safety score (TSS). The study examined the impact of per capita healthcare expenditure on safety perceptions using descriptive statistics, correlation assessments and SPSS 17 used for the analysis. The analysis of 1048 valid responses from 24 European countries revealed significant variability in safety perceptions. Teamwork scored highest, signifying effective collaboration. Common safety issues included overcrowding, patient flow management, understaffing, limited training and facilities for mental illnesses. TSS showed correlation with team morale and infection control, but no correlation with per capita healthcare expenditure. This comparative study underlines the disparities in patient safety perceptions across European EDs. Each country displayed unique safety concerns. Safety perceptions did not align with per capita healthcare expenditure, indicating that addressing ED safety needs multifaceted strategies. Policymakers can leverage these findings to inform strategic planning, encouraging targeted interventions to enhance patient safety at both the national and European levels.
Construction High Precision Neural Network Proxy Model for Ship Hull Structure Design Based on Hybrid Datasets of Hydrodynamic Loads
Authors: Yu Ao , Li Yunbo , Li Shaofan , Gong Jiaye
Published: January 2024

In this work, we constructed a neural network proxy model (NNPM) to estimate the hydrodynamic resistance in the ship hull structure design process, which is based on the hydrodynamic load data obtained from both the potential flow method (PFM) and the viscous flow method (VFM). Here the PFM dataset is applied for the tuning, pre-training, and the VFM dataset is applied for the fine-training. By adopting the PFM and VFM datasets simultaneously, we aim to construct an NNPM to achieve the high-accuracy prediction on hydrodynamic load on ship hull structures exerted from the viscous flow, while ensuring a moderate data-acquiring workload. The high accuracy prediction on hydrodynamic loads and the relatively low dataset establishment cost of the NNPM developed demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of hybrid dataset based NNPM achieving a high precision prediction of hydrodynamic loads on ship hull structures. The successful construction of the high precision hydrodynamic prediction NNPM advances the artificial intelligence-assisted design (AIAD) technology for various marine structures.
A Novel Blockchain-Based Deepfake Detection Method Using Federated and Deep Learning Models
Authors: Heidari Arash , Navimipour Nima Jafari , Dag Hasan , Talebi Samira , Unal Mehmet
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the proliferation of deep learning (DL) techniques has given rise to a significant challenge in the form of deepfake videos, posing a grave threat to the authenticity of media content. With the rapid advancement of DL technology, the creation of convincingly realistic deepfake videos has become increasingly prevalent, raising serious concerns about the potential misuse of such content. Deepfakes have the potential to undermine trust in visual media, with implications for fields as diverse as journalism, entertainment, and security. This study presents an innovative solution by harnessing blockchain-based federated learning (FL) to address this issue, focusing on preserving data source anonymity. The approach combines the strengths of SegCaps and convolutional neural network (CNN) methods for improved image feature extraction, followed by capsule network (CN) training to enhance generalization. A novel data normalization technique is introduced to tackle data heterogeneity stemming from diverse global data sources. Moreover, transfer learning (TL) and preprocessing methods are deployed to elevate DL performance. These efforts culminate in collaborative global model training zfacilitated by blockchain and FL while maintaining the utmost confidentiality of data sources. The effectiveness of our methodology is rigorously tested and validated through extensive experiments. These experiments reveal a substantial improvement in accuracy, with an impressive average increase of 6.6% compared to six benchmark models. Furthermore, our approach demonstrates a 5.1% enhancement in the area under the curve (AUC) metric, underscoring its ability to outperform existing detection methods. These results substantiate the effectiveness of our proposed solution in countering the proliferation of deepfake content. In conclusion, our innovative approach represents a promising avenue for advancing deepfake detection. By leveraging existing data resources and the power of FL and blockchain technology, we address a critical need for media authenticity and security. As the threat of deepfake videos continues to grow, our comprehensive solution provides an effective means to protect the integrity and trustworthiness of visual media, with far-reaching implications for both industry and society. This work stands as a significant step toward countering the deepfake menace and preserving the authenticity of visual content in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Arbeit als sozialpädagogische Kategorie − Teil 1
Authors: Ziegler Holger
Published: January 2024

Basierend auf dem Argument, Entfremdung markiere das zentrale sozialpädagogische Problem, kritisiert der Beitrag, dass der sozialpädagogische Theoriediskurs Arbeit als eine für (sozial)pädagogisches Denken bedeutsame Kategorie weitgehend vernachlässigt. Dem hier folgenden ersten Teil des Beitrag geht es um eine Klärung, was Arbeit als Kategorie meinen soll und wie sich diese zu Kategorien des Subjekts und der Problemkategorie der Entfremdung verhält. Dabei wird die theoretische Distanz des (sozial)pädagogischen Diskurses zu Arbeit und die Engführung von Arbeit auf Lohnarbeit kritisiert. Ein zweiter Teil des Beitrags wird das Verständnis von Arbeit als zweckrationalem Handeln problematisieren, im Rekurs auf Überlegungen zum Gattungswesen im Anschluss an Karl Marx die pädagogische Bedeutung von Arbeit begründen und erörtern, inwiefern die Kategorie Arbeit auf Sachverhalte zutrifft, auf die sich Soziale Arbeit in ihrer Praxis richtet.
Health promotion in physical education through digital media: a systematic literature review
Authors: Knoke Carolin , Woll Alexander , Wagner Ingo
Published: January 2024

Background

Digital devices and applications (apps) are already being used in various areas of sport and health. However, digital media are rarely used for the education of students and physical education teachers. The use of digital media in physical education could increase the potential for health promotion through physical activity in schoolchildren and contribute to the optimization of teaching and learning processes.

Purpose

The aim of the current systematic literature review was therefore to identify health-promoting interventions for schoolchildren through physical education using digital media. The overview also provides information for school teachers who want to use digital media in health-promoting physical education.

Methodology

To answer the research questions – what types of digital media have been used in health promotion in physical education (RQ 1) and with what results (RQ 2) – a systematic literature search was conducted in four databases (Web of Science, ERIC, Scopus and PubMed) using keywords related to physical education, health promotion and digital media according to the PRISMA guidelines and using the ‘Effective Public Health Practice Project’  (EPHPP) tool to assess the studies.

Results

In the original sample of 1492 articles, 17 empirical studies were included in the review. Positive results were found for the use of fitness technologies in physical education to improve motor skills, for online physical education and apps to improve physical activity, for the inclusion of digital games in physical education to increase motivation, for video feedback in physical education to improve knowledge and motor skills, and for flipped learning approaches using digital media to improve knowledge acquisition and student-teacher interactions in physical education. The studies were mostly classified as “weak” in terms of evidence using the EPHPP tool.

Discussion

The literature review shows a gap in research on the question of how health promotion can be implemented using digital media in physical education. Digital media types, such as apps, video feedback and online physical education, showed controversial results. In addition, whether physical activity is increased or decreased by digital media could not be clearly answered by the results in this review. However, these results can provide a basis for future studies in order to develop health-promoting interventions, whereby attention should be paid to the quality of the study methodology.
Technology-Based Assessment of Phonological Awareness in Kindergarten
Authors: Kiss Renáta , Csapó Benő
Published: January 2024

Previous research has shown that phonological awareness is one of the most important prerequisites for early reading. Monitoring its development requires reliable, easy-to-use instruments especially in the last years of kindergarten. The present study aims to explore the potential for assessing phonological awareness and some of its subskills through online testing. Participants of the study were 317 kindergarteners (Mage = 6.61, SD = .54 years). The instruments developed for this study within an online assessment platform in two assessment dimensions (syllable and phoneme awareness) contain nine subtests (syllable synthesis, segmentation, deletion; phoneme identification in different sound environments, identification of phoneme position, identification of initial phonemes, phoneme synthesis and segmentation). The results of the study show that: (1) the test is a reliable assessment tool for kindergarteners’ phonological awareness skills; (2) according to the underlying measurement model of phonological awareness, the tasks are separated based on particular operational components independently of the size of the language element involved; (3) segmentation tasks proved to be the most difficult parts of the test; and (4) the media effect is insignificant. The online test aims to emphasize the importance of online testing and the inseparable relationship between measuring and developing phonological awareness, prompting teachers to rethink their teaching methods. It also introduces a new tool for educators to use, tailored to children's needs but potentially challenging for teachers with lower ICT literacy, requiring methodological support, ultimately providing a new opportunity for kindergartens.
Chickpea aquafaba: a systematic review of the different processes for obtaining and their nutritional and technological characteristics
Authors: de Barros Miranda Bianca , Holanda Graziella Silva , Raposo António , da Costa Maynard Dayanne , Botelho Raquel Braz Assunção , Romão Bernardo , de Oliveira Viviani Ruffo , Zandonadi Renata Puppin
Published: January 2024

Aquafaba is the residual water from cooking chickpea in water. It has a high gelling ability, allowing it to create stable gels. However, those functional properties depend on the legume composition, genotype, cooking time, pressure, and temperature. This study aimed to evaluate the different processes for obtaining aquafaba and compare their nutritional composition and technological characteristics using a systematic review. The authors performed the systematic review by performing specific search strategies for Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, Lilacs, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. A total of 17 studies were analyzed. Of them, 17.64% (n = 3) used the wastewater from canned chickpeas, 17.64% (n = 3) compared the wastewater of canned chickpeas and dry grains, and 58.82% (n = 10) used dry chickpeas. Studies used different methods to analyze the protein content. The most used (n = 5) was the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The aquafaba presented carbohydrates at 2.03–2.59 g/100ml; protein at 0.0.8–2.8 g/100ml; and fat at 0.07–0.1 g/100ml. In general, preparing aquafaba followed: soaking (8–10 h at 4 °C—1 chickpea: 4 water), pressure cooking (30 min—2 chickpea: 3 water), and refrigerating (24h/4 °C). In general, the results showed the following steps to prepare aquafaba: soaking for 8–10 h at 4 °C at the proportion of 1:4 (chickpea:water), pressure cooking for 30 min in the proportion of 2:3 (chickpea: water), and refrigerating 24 h/4 °C. These procedures in a homemade aquafaba presented the best results, considering foam development and higher stability. The aquafaba from canned chickpeas has a higher foam-ability and lower emulsion properties than homemade cooking aquafaba.
Why women from fishing communities in Andalusia (Spain) not enlist on fishing vessels? Socio-economic and ideological factors of their non-recognition and initiatives for their inclusion
Authors: Álvarez Natalia Mora , del Corral David Florido , Alba Inmaculada Martínez
Published: January 2024

Andalusia, located in southern Spain, has a long coastline and a rich history of fishing activities that encompass extraction, industrialization, and commercialization. However, women have traditionally been underrepresented in various stages of the fishing chain in this region. Despite this, women have made significant contributions to the sustainability and social well-being of fishing households through their involvement in diverse fishing-related tasks. Women in Andalusia have taken on diverse roles in the fishing sector, including administration and support tasks for fishing units, as well as responsibilities related to care and maintenance of domestic services. In 2018, the Andalusian Association of Women in the Fishing Sector (ANDMUPES) was launched with the aim of promoting the effective incorporation of women in different tasks. The study conducted an in-depth questionnaire across 25 ports in Andalusia to gather comprehensive data on the labor situation of women in the fishing sector, as well as to expose the picture of ideological factors and socio-economic conditions that are hindering the access of women to the fishing sector. The study aims to highlight the role of women in the fishing sector and their potential contributions to the innovation, transformation, and sustainability of small-scale fishing.
Suppression of spiking defects in deep penetration electron beam welded ETP copper
Authors: Kerber Konrad , Halbauer Lars , Biermann Horst , Buchwalder Anja
Published: January 2024

The electron beam is an appropriate tool to weld pure copper due to its high absorptivity on the copper surface, a high power density and inert vacuum environment. However, deep penetration electron beam welding of pure copper often produces the spiking defect. In this work bead on plate electron beam welding was done on Cu-ETP. A critical welding speed was determined for the distinction between a conduction-determined (at lower welding speed) and a non-conduction-determined welding speed range (at higher welding speed). The influence of high preheating temperatures was shown. The welds were investigated by light optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction measurements, ultrasonic testing, in situ thermal imaging, electrical resistance measurements and tensile tests. It was shown that in the conduction-determined welding speed regime without preheating, full and partial penetration welds exhibited root porosity. This effect was related to the overheating of the weld pool in combination with the phenomena causing spiking. Low defect root formation was achieved by using welding speeds greater than the critical value or by applying high preheating temperatures. The joints reached up to 98% of the international annealed copper standard in terms of specific electrical conductivity. Rupture took place within the joints during tensile tests. The joints exhibited up to 77% of the ultimate tensile strength of the base metal. Welds carried out with preheating exceeded the base metal regarding the fracture strain.
The continuous flow synthesis of azos
Authors: McCormack Adam T. , Stephens John C.
Published: January 2024

Azo compounds find use in many areas of science, displaying crucial properties for important applications as photoconductive organic pigments, fluorescent quenchers, paints, cosmetics, inks, and in the large and valuable dye industry. Due to the unstable intermediates, and the exothermic and fast reactions used in their synthesis, high value azo compounds are excellent candidates for continuous flow manufacturing. This comprehensive review covers the progress made to date on developing continuous flow systems for azo synthesis and reflects on the main challenges still to be addressed, including scale up, conversion, product purity, and environmental impact. The further development of integrated continuous flow processes has the potential to help tackle these challenges and deliver improved methods for azo compound generation.
Clothing, Sublimation, and the Enjoyment of War
Authors: Gilligan Ian
Published: January 2024

Intergroup aggression occurs in many animal species but warfare has no clear non-human analogues. Among the features distinguishing war is that despite its obvious disadvantages and horrors, war enjoys enormous psychological appeal, illustrated by its entertainment value. The enjoyment of war presents a challenge for explanatory models, which range from adaptive scenarios in evolutionary paradigms to social learning and psychological drive theories. Further problems arise from findings in ethnography and archaeology. Among mobile hunter-gatherers who led traditional lifestyles, warfare was less common in socially non-complex contexts and, arguably, warfare was absent where people were routinely naked. In prehistory, warfare may be limited to the recent evolutionary past. A speculative formulation is outlined, positing a contributary role for sublimation, as a psychological effect of clothing. The proposed role of sublimation in the enjoyment of war allows for a more nuanced perspective on archaeological, ethnographic, and phenomenological evidence, suggesting warfare is not necessarily synonymous with intergroup aggression and its enjoyment could be contingent on the routine presence of clothing.
Do All of Us Camouflage? Exploring Levels of Camouflaging and Mental Health Well-Being in the General Population
Authors: Lorenz Shania , Hull Laura
Published: January 2024

Camouflaging refers to behaviours observed in autistic people to hide or compensate for difficulties experienced during social interaction. As it is unknown to what extent neurotypical individuals camouflage, this study looked at camouflaging and mental well-being in the general population. We employed a cross-sectional survey design to recruit 164 people (123 female, 35 male, 5 non-binary, 1 prefer not to say) between 18 and 65 years of age online. Participants filled in measures of autistic traits, camouflaging, social anxiety, generalised anxiety and presence of autism diagnosis (5 self-diagnosed, 5 diagnosed, 154 not diagnosed) and additional mental health diagnoses. Camouflaging was significantly correlated with autistic traits, social anxiety, generalised anxiety and age. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that autistic traits and social and generalised anxiety predicted camouflaging. Logistic regression analyses for mental health diagnoses showed camouflaging significantly reduced risk of depression, although the effect was small. No other mental health diagnoses were predicted by camouflaging. Neurotypical individuals who have higher autistic traits and experience more social and/or generalised anxiety may be more likely to camouflage.
Safety of non-standard regimen of systemic steroid therapy in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy: a single-centre experience
Authors: Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia , Gruszczyński Dawid , Zawalna Natalia , Nijakowski Kacper , Skiba Agnieszka , Pochylski Mateusz , Sowiński Jerzy , Ruchała Marek
Published: January 2024

Background

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disorder of the orbit and retro-ocular tissues and the primary extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. In moderate-to-severe and active GO iv glucocorticoids (GCs) are recommended as first-line treatment. The aim was to assess the safety profile of methylprednisolone administered intravenously for three consecutive days at 1 g in patients with active, moderate-to-severe or sight-threatening Graves’ orbitopathy.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 161 medical records of patients with GO treated with high-dose systemic GCs in the Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Disorders, and Internal Medicine in Poznań between 2014 and 2021. Clinical data included age, gender, laboratory results, activity and severity of GO, smoking status, disease duration, and presented side effects.

Results

The presence of mild side effects was observed during 114 (71%) hospitalizations. The most common complications were hyperglycemia (n = 95) and elevated aminotransferases (n = 31). Increased levels of aminotransferases were more likely observed in smokers and GO duration above 12 months. Based on the multivariate logistic regression, higher TRAb and CAS values were significantly associated with lower odds of hyperglycemia. In turn, the increased odds of elevated aminotransferases were significantly correlated with higher initial ALT levels, female gender, and GO duration above 12 months. In addition, the multidimensional correspondence analysis (MPA) showed that GO patients who declared smoking and had not l-ornithine l-aspartate applied demonstrated a higher probability of elevated aminotransferases.

Conclusions

Active GO treatment with high-dose systemic GCs is not associated with serious side effects. Hyperglycemia is the most common steroid-induced complication.
Searching for complexity. Application of the set-theory to the analysis of urban mobility readiness index
Authors: Medina-Molina Cayetano , Pérez-Macías Noemí , Coronado-Vaca María
Published: January 2024

Numerous initiatives have been developed to monitor the sustainability performance of cities, with rankings and indicators emerging as crucial tools for understanding complex urban phenomena. However, these indices require deeper analytical methods to fully interpret their results. This study highlights the application of Set-Theory methods, specifically Qualitative Comparative Analysis with process-tracing in analyzing the Urban Mobility Readiness Index (UMR) across 60 cities for 2021 and 2022. Our primary achievement is the demonstration of Set-Theory´s ability to unravel the causal complexity in urban dynamics. We find that urban mobility readiness and its negation are not determined by singular conditions but by a combination of conditions. Necessary conditions such as infrastructure and socioeconomic factors have been identified, which are critical for achieving a higher level of readiness in the UMR, and its negation. Cities lacking these conditions are less likely to reach the desired level for sustainable development. Additionally, we reveal that certain conditions serve beyond scope definitions, actively triggering causal mechanisms for both readiness and its negation. This insight underscores the multifaceted nature of urban sustainability, guiding cities towards effective strategies for sustainable development. Our study thus contributes a nuanced understanding of urban mobility, essential for policymakers and urban planners.
Why FDE might be too strong for Beall
Authors: Omori Hitoshi , Arenhart Jonas R. B.
Published: January 2024

In his “The simple argument for subclassical logic,” Jc Beall advances an argument that led him to take FDE as the one true logic (the latter point is explicitly made clear in his “FDE as the One True Logic”). The aim of this article is to point out that if we follow Beall’s line of reasoning for endorsing FDE, there are at least two additional reasons to consider that FDE is too strong for Beall’s purposes. In fact, we claim that Beall should consider another weaker subclassical logic as the logic adequate for his project. To this end, we first briefly present Beall’s argument for FDE. Then, we discuss two specific topics that seem to motivate us to weaken FDE. We then introduce a subsystem that will enjoy all the benefits of Beall’s suggestion.
Effects of water ammonia nitrogen on hemolymph and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Li Xuanting , Deng Xisha , Hou Dongwei , Zeng Shenzheng , Deng Zhixuan , Zhou Renjun , Zhang Lingyu , Hou Qilu , Chen Qi , Weng Shaoping , He Jianguo , Huang Zhijian
Published: January 2024

Ammonia stress was detrimental to shrimp, but how water ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) influences the shrimp’s health remains unclear. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the effects of water ammonia-N on hemolymph ammonia-N concentration, hepatopancreas structure, and the intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei with four experiments. We found that the concentration of ammonia-N in shrimp hemolymph was significantly higher than that in pond water, indicating that water ammonia-N stimulates the accumulation of hemolymph ammonia-N. Results also indicated that the hemolymph ammonia-N accumulation would disrupt the hepatopancreas structure and alter the intestinal microbial composition. The concentration of hemolymph ammonia-N and severity of hepatopancreas damage positively correlated with water ammonia-N concentration. However, though the diversity of intestinal microbiota was varied by ammonia-N, there were no significant differences between groups, suggesting that the variation was relatively minimal. Furthermore, returning shrimp to pristine water after ammonia-N exposure could reduce the hemolymph ammonia-N concentration and the mortality rate. This study provides evidence of temporal variations in hemolymph ammonia-N concentration, hepatopancreatic structure, and intestinal microbiota under different water ammonia-N levels, which might shed insights into ecological cognition on scientific management of shrimp culture and microecological prevention of shrimp health.
In Love and at War
Authors: Matfess Hilary
Published: January 2024

What does it mean to be in love while at war? This Element demonstrates that whether rebel groups commit themselves to marriage, bar it entirely, or reinterpret the ceremonies and practices associated with marriage, their decision has important implications for both the rebel organization and individual members. This Element contributes to the literature on gender and politics by demonstrating that rebel marriages are an under-appreciated driver of gendered conflict and post-conflict dynamics. This Element introduces frameworks for understanding how rebel groups approach the issue of marriage, suggesting that variation between and within rebel groups over time is related to not only the rebels' political project, but also the anticipated effect of marriage on cohesion and retention, and the rebels' logistical concerns. Furthermore, the Element unpacks how wartime rebel marriages can complicate or improve women's prospects for post-conflict reintegration by shaping whether rebel wives are depoliticized, distrusted, or reclaimed.
Giving voice: a public sphere theory of European private law adjudication
Authors: Mak Chantal
Published: January 2024

This Article addresses the question of how to explain and justify the allocation of politically sensitive legal questions to civil courts in the European Union. It proposes a pluralist theoretical view on interactions of private law adjudication with legislative initiatives in the process of building a European political community. This is elaborated on the basis of a reconstruction of the interaction between judicial and legislative processes in three high-profile cases (concerning non-discrimination, housing and climate change) in light of three theoretical perspectives: social justice, constitutionalism and public sphere theory. The first two perspectives shed light on the legal-political dimension of private legal questions in the European Union and manners in which to handle the plurality of sources and institutions in this field. They do, however, not fully clarify the distinction and relation between Habermasian discourses of justification and discourses of application of law in European Private Law adjudication. The Article suggests that public sphere theory, with a basis in Fraser’s work on transnationalisation, can complement the theoretical understanding of the role of judges in European Private Law. It is submitted that the interaction between national and European levels of adjudication helps maintain transnational deliberative spheres in which the legal-political stakes behind private law can be discussed. This opens up space for the inclusion of different voices in democratic deliberations on questions of social justice. Private law adjudication may thus be considered to contribute to the initiation of discourses of justification which serve the re-imagination of a European political community.
Policy Dialogue: The Meaning and Purpose of Public Education
Authors: Burris Carol , Neem Johann
Published: January 2024

Public education, at least as it has been known for the past several generations in the US, is under threat. Conservative state legislatures from Arizona to Florida have enacted sweeping voucher legislation, channeling taxpayer dollars to private schools. At the same time, a vicious culture war has engulfed the public education system in controversy, creating new political opportunities for ideologues and opponents. In this context, the editorial team at HEQ felt it important to reflect on why we have public schools in the first place. What are they good for and what should be taught? Whom should they serve, and who should govern them?

For this policy dialogue, we asked Carol Burris and Johann Neem to discuss the past, present, and future of open-enrollment, taxpayer-supported public schools. Carol Burris is the executive director of the Network for Public Education Foundation and the author of several books. Prior to that role, Dr. Burris was a classroom teacher and a high school principal, earning educator of the year and principal of the year awards. Johann Neem is a professor at Western Washington University and a historian of the early American republic. The author of several books, including Democracy’s Schools: The Rise of Public Education in America, Dr. Neem is also a member of HEQ’s editorial board.

HEQ policy dialogues are, by design, intended to promote an informal, free exchange of ideas between scholars. At the end of the exchange, we offer a list of references for readers who wish to follow up on sources relevant to the discussion.
A comparative analysis of infection and complication rates between single- and double-lumen ports
Authors: Kozlowski Konrad M. , Jalaeian Hamed , Travis Levi M. , Zikria Joseph F.
Published: January 2024

Objective:

Port-a-caths are implanted intravascular chest ports that enable venous access. With more port placements performed by interventional radiologists, it is important to discern differences in infection and complication rates between double- and single-lumen ports.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 1,385 port placements over 2 years at the University of Miami. Patients were grouped by single- or double-lumen ports. Data on duration of catheter stay, bloodstream infections, malfunctions, and other complications (fibrin sheath, thrombosis, catheter malposition) were collected. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to identify variables predicting port infection.

Results:

The mean patient age was 58.8 years; the mean BMI was 26.9 kg/m2; and 61.5% of these patients were female. Our search revealed 791 double-lumen ports (57.1%) and 594 single-lumen ports (42.9%). The median follow-up was 668 days (range, 2–1,297). Double-lumen ports were associated with significantly higher rates of bacteremia (2.78% vs 0.84%;P= .02), port malfunction (8.3% vs 2.0%;P< .001), fibrin sheath formation (2.2% vs 0.5%;P< .02), catheter tip malposition (1.0% vs 0;P= .01), and catheter-associated thrombosis (1.4% vs 0;P= .003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for other variables, showed that double-lumen chest ports had 2.98 times (95% confidence interval, 1.12–7.94) the hazard rate of single-lumen ports for developing bloodstream infection (P= .029).

Conclusions:

Double-lumen chest ports are associated with increased risk for bloodstream infection, malfunction, fibrin sheath formation, catheter tip malposition, and catheter-associated thrombosis. Interventional radiologists may consider placing single-lumen ports if clinically feasible; however, future studies are needed to determine clinical significance. The study limitations included the retrospective study design and the potential loss of patient follow-up.
The Headship of Christ and the Angels: An Ambiguity in Thomas’s Account
Authors: Lim Joshua Han
Published: January 2024

The development of Thomas’s teaching on Christ’s headship relies upon the principle of the causality of the maximum: ‘the maximum in a genus is the universal cause in that genus’. This principle appears in the fourth way to demonstrate God’s existence. Applied to the humanity of Christ, Thomas argues that Christ, on account of his perfect fullness of grace, is, according to his humanity, the universal source of grace for all the members of the Church, including the angels. How does this cohere with Thomas’s teaching elsewhere in the Summa theologiae that it is only as Word that Christ causes grace in the angels? In this paper, I explore this tension and offer a way of understanding Thomas’s broader approach to the mystery of Christ.