bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling emerging zoonoses at the animal-human interface
Authors: Mummah Riley O. , Hoff Nicole A. , Rimoin Anne W. , Lloyd-Smith James O.
Published: September 2020

Background

For many emerging or re-emerging pathogens, cases in humans arise from a mixture of introductions (via zoonotic spillover from animal reservoirs or geographic spillover from endemic regions) and secondary human-to-human transmission. Interventions aiming to reduce incidence of these infections can be focused on preventing spillover or reducing human-to-human transmission, or sometimes both at once, and typically are governed by resource constraints that require policymakers to make choices. Despite increasing emphasis on using mathematical models to inform disease control policies, little attention has been paid to guiding rational disease control at the animal-human interface.

Methods

We introduce a modeling framework to analyze the impacts of different disease control policies, focusing on pathogens exhibiting subcritical transmission among humans (i.e. pathogens that cannot establish sustained human-to-human transmission). We quantify the relative effectiveness of measures to reduce spillover (e.g. reducing contact with animal hosts), human-to-human transmission (e.g. case isolation), or both at once (e.g. vaccination), across a range of epidemiological contexts.

Results

We provide guidelines for choosing which mode of control to prioritize in different epidemiological scenarios and considering different levels of resource and relative costs. We contextualize our analysis with current zoonotic pathogens and other subcritical pathogens, such as post-elimination measles, and control policies that have been applied.

Conclusions

Our work provides a model-based, theoretical foundation to understand and guide policy for subcritical zoonoses, integrating across disciplinary and species boundaries in a manner consistent with One Health principles.
Self-efficacy and future anxiety among students of nursing and education colleges of Helwan University
Authors: Rabei Samah , Ramadan Sorayia , Abdallah Nahla
Published: September 2020

Background

Self-efficacy and future anxiety affect students’ performance. A relation between both is suggested and needs to be investigated. The aim of this study is designed to assess self-efficacy, future anxiety among Helwan University students, and the relation between them.

Results

Ten percent of colleges’ students were subjected to self-efficacy scale and future anxiety scales. Future anxiety is significantly related to self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is significantly higher in the college of nursing. There is a significant increase in self-efficacy in the 1st grade, while there is a significant increase in future anxiety in the 4th grade.

Conclusion

There is a negative significant correlation between age and self-efficacy, while there is a positive significant correlation between age and future anxiety.
Aerobic training versus strength exercises on muscle strength and quality of life for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Mohamed Doaa , Abd Alazim Faten , Salem Elham , Ali Nesreen , Elgalaly Dina
Published: September 2020

Background

The treatment for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can lead to multiple adverse effects, including poor physical capacity and muscle weakness. This study aimed to determine which is more effective, aerobic exercises or modified strength training program, on muscle strength and quality of life (QOL) for children with ALL.

Results

In terms of muscle strength, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in selected group of muscles elbow flexors, shoulder abductors, hip flexors, knee extensors, and ankle dorsiflexors at both sides in group B compared with group A, whereas there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between groups on QOL.

Conclusion

The outcomes of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the selected group of muscles at both sides in group B compared with group A; thus, the modified strength training program is more effective for muscle strength of children with ALL than aerobic training, but there was no significant difference between them on QOL.

Trial registration

The clinical trial registered in clinicaltrials.gov with an identifier number NCT03147365
Role of CT in differentiation between subtypes of lung cancer; is it possible?
Authors: Gharraf Heba Said , Mehana Sayed Mohamed , ElNagar Mostafa Ali
Published: September 2020

Background

Context and purpose: lung cancer is the second in the incidence rate and the first in death rate in the United States of America in 2017. Its treatment depends upon the tumor staging as well as the histological subtype of lung cancer. CT has been the modality of choice for screening as well as diagnosis of lung cancer; however, few studies tried to correlate different CT features of lung cancer to certain pathological subtypes. Our study aims to assess the CT characteristics of the subtypes of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Results

SQCC shows a higher incidence of central location compared with the rest of the lung cancers (significance level of 50%, p value of 0.5), internal cavitations (significance level of 94.9%, p value of less than 0.05) as well as more frequency of higher stage within the study population, ADC shows significant predilection to peripheral location compared with the rest of the lung cancers (significance level of 94.9%, p value of less than 0.05).

Conclusion

There is an evident correlation between the MDCT diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma and that of histopathology/cytology. The most common types are SQCC and ADC subtypes. The SQCC type of bronchial carcinoma tends to be central with the internal cavitations are common while ADC tends to be peripheral and solid.
Household poverty in people with severe mental illness in rural China: 1994–2015
Authors: Yu Yue-Hui , Luo Wei , He Man-Xi , Yang Xin , Liu Bo , Guo Yu , Thornicroft Graham , Chan Cecilia Lai Wan , Ran Mao-Sheng
Published: September 2020

Background

Little is known about poverty trends in people with severe mental illness (SMI) over a long time span, especially under conditions of fast socioeconomic development.

Aims

This study aims to unravel changes in household poverty levels among people with SMI in a fast-changing rural community in China.

Method

Two mental health surveys, using ICD-10, were conducted in the same six townships of Xinjin county, Chengdu, China. A total of 711 and 1042 people with SMI identified in 1994 and 2015, respectively, participated in the study. The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty index was adopted to measure the changes in household poverty. These changes were decomposed into effects of growth and equity using a static decomposition method. Factors associated with household poverty in 1994 and 2015 were examined and compared by regression analyses.

Results

The proportion of poor households, as measured by the headcount ratio, increased significantly from 29.8% in 1994 to 39.5% in 2015. Decomposition showed that poverty in households containing people with SMI had worsened because of a redistribution effect. Factors associated with household poverty had also changed during the study period. The patient's age, ability to work and family size were of paramount significance in 2015.

Conclusions

This study shows that the levels of poverty faced by households containing people with SMI has become more pressing with China's fast socioeconomic development. It calls for further integration of mental health recovery and targeted antipoverty interventions for people with SMI as a development priority.
The Very Quintessence of Persecution
Authors: Hamilton Rosa
Published: September 2020

This article argues that a uniquely queer anti-fascism emerged in the early 1970s led by transgender and gender-nonconforming people and cisgender lesbians against postwar fascism in western Europe. In Britain, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, queer anti-fascists drew on influences from Black Power, Women’s Liberation, and Marxism to connect fascism to everyday oppression under capitalism, white supremacy, and heteropatriarchy. Using oral histories, private collections, and against-the-grain archival research, this article is the first transnational study of queer anti-fascism and the first to view it as a discrete phenomenon. Queer anti-fascists showed what a radical and inclusive anti-fascism should look like, while their structural analysis of everyday fascism demonstrated why anti-fascism must mean social revolution. For them, queerness was necessarily antifascist: queer people’s common experience of oppression enabled them to understand and overthrow fascism and the existing order. Although they never disappeared, their marginalization by cisgender-heterosexual antifascists should warn antifascists today.
“No State Apparatus Goes to Bed Genocidal Then Wakes Up Democratic”
Authors: Rizki Cole
Published: September 2020

This article forms part of an emerging body of scholarship on the sex/gender politics of authoritarian regimes in Latin America, turning specific attention to Argentine trans and travesti politics and rights claims as these articulate with legacies of authoritarianism. On March 24, 1976, the Argentine military staged a coup d’état and established a dictatorship, perpetrating mass civilian murder until democratic transition in 1983. Drawing on state intelligence archive surveillance documents, the artist-activist intervention Campaña DESAPARECER, and travesti and transgender testimony, this article argues that the enduring social and political legacies of interwar fascism not only persisted into the years of dictatorship, but that they also continue to animate and mediate post-dictatorship transgender politics. That is, in democracy, the enduring afterlife of fascism creates conditions of possibility for activists to mobilize the language of anti-fascism and shared memories of fascist state violence in the service of contemporary transgender rights claims. Such rights claims reveal illiberal state violence’s deadly imbrications with the politics of sex and gender during dictatorship and, at the same time, challenge present-day liberal narratives that relegate state violence to a distant illiberal past.
Global Fascism?
Authors: Bland Benjamin
Published: September 2020

In the early 1980s, British fascism was reeling from the failure of the National Front (NF) to build on the brief swells of support it attracted in the 1970s through its crude ethnic populism. Enter a group of young radicals who, via a series of splits, gained control of the party and pushed it in a startlingly new direction. As the decade wore on these radicals embraced ideas that would have confused or even horrified their (essentially neo-Nazi) predecessors, promoting a global “Third Way” vision that borrowed heavily first from esoteric continental influences and then, increasingly, from radical Islamic ideologues like Louis Farrakhan and Muammar Qathafi. This article explains how this unusual variant of neofascism emerged in the political context of the 1980s and interrogates its transnational credentials in order to understand the extent and sincerity of this reinvention, so as to find the Third Way NF an appropriate place in the history of contemporary fascism(s).
New trends in cellular therapy
Authors: Okano Hideyuki , Sipp Doug
Published: September 2020

Regenerative therapies, including both gene and cellular therapies, aim to induce regeneration of cells, tissues and organs and restore their functions. In this short Spotlight, we summarize the latest advances in cellular therapies using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), highlighting the current status of clinical trials using induced (i)PSC-derived cells. We also discuss the different cellular products that might be used in clinical studies, and consider safety issues and other challenges in iPSC-based cell therapy.
Small heat shock protein Hsp67Bc plays a significant role in Drosophila melanogaster cold-stress tolerance
Authors: Malkeyeva Dina , Kiseleva Elena , Fedorova Svetlana
Published: September 2020

Hsp67Bc in Drosophila melanogaster is a member of the small heat shock protein family, the main function of which is to prevent the aggregation of misfolded or damaged proteins. Hsp67Bc interacts with Starvin and Hsp23, which are known to be a part of the cold-stress response in the fly during the recovery phase. In this study, we investigated the role of the Hsp67Bc gene in the cold-stress response. We showed that in adult Drosophila, Hsp67Bc expression increases after cold stress and decreases after 1.5 h of recovery, indicating the involvement of Hsp67Bc in short-term stress recovery. We also implemented a deletion in the D. melanogaster Hsp67Bc gene using imprecise excision of a P-element and analyzed the cold tolerance of Hsp67Bc-null mutants at different developmental stages. We found that Hsp67Bc-null homozygous flies are viable and fertile but display varying cold-stress tolerance throughout the stages of ontogenesis: the survival after cold stress is slightly impaired in late 3rd instar larvae, unaffected in pupae, and notably affected in adult females. Moreover, the recovery from chill coma is delayed in Hsp67Bc-null adults of both sexes. In addition, the deletion in the Hsp67Bc gene caused more prominent up-regulation of Hsp70 following cold stress, suggesting the involvement of Hsp70 in compensation of the lack of the Hsp67Bc protein. Taken together, our results suggest that Hsp67Bc is involved in the recovery of flies from a comatose state and contributes to the protection of the fruit fly from cold stress.
Defining reperfusion post endovascular therapy in ischemic stroke using MR-dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion
Authors: d’Esterre Christopher D , Sah Rani Gupta , Assis Zarina , Talai Aron S. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Hill Michael D. , Goyal Mayank , Lee Ting-Yim , Forkert Nils D. , Barber Philip A.
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements after endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke are important to distinguish early secondary injury related to persisting ischemia from that related to reperfusion when considering clinical response and infarct growth.

Methods

We compare reperfusion quantified by the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Score (mTICI) with perfusion measured by MRI dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion within 5 h of EVT anterior circulation stroke. MR perfusion (rCBF, rCBV, rTmax, rT0) and mTICI scores were included in a predictive model for change in NIHSS at 24 h and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion growth (acute to 24 h MRI) using a machine learning RRELIEFF feature selection coupled with a support vector regression.

Results

For all perfusion parameters, mean values within the acute infarct for the TICI-2b group (considered clinically good reperfusion) were not significantly different from those in the mTICI <2b (clinically poor reperfusion). However, there was a statistically significant difference in perfusion values within the acute infarct region of interest between the mTICI-3 group versus both mTICI-2b and <2b (p = 0.02). The features that made up the best predictive model for change in NIHSS and absolute DWI lesion volume change was rT0 within acute infarct ROI and admission CTA collaterals respectively. No other variables, including mTICI scores, were selected for these best models. The correlation coefficients (Root mean squared error) for the cross-validation were 0.47 (13.7) and 0.51 (5.7) for change in NIHSS and absolute DWI lesion volume change.

Conclusion

MR perfusion following EVT provides accurate physiological approach to understanding the relationship of CBF, clinical outcome, and DWI growth.

Advances in knowledge

MR perfusion CBF acquired is a robust, objective reperfusion measurement providing following recanalization of the target occlusion which is critical to distinguish potential therapeutic harm from the failed technical success of EVT as well as improve the responsiveness of clinical trial outcomes to disease modification.
Development of a model of soft tissue simulation using ballistic gelatin for CBCT acquisitions related to dentomaxillofacial radiology research
Authors: Nascimento Eduarda Helena Leandro , Fontenele Rocharles Cavalcante , Lopes Priscila de Azeredo , Santaella Gustavo Machado , Vasconcelos Karla Faria , de Freitas Deborah Queiroz , Oenning Anne Caroline , Groppo Francisco Carlos
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

To present the ballistic gelatin as a new material capable of simulating the soft tissues in cone-beam CT (CBCT) images.

Methods:

CBCT images of three piglet heads were acquired with their soft tissues intact (standard group). Subsequently, the piglet heads were fixed in a container using metallic pins and moulded with acrylic resin; the soft tissues were then removed and replaced by ballistic gelatin, with the same thickness of the original soft tissues. The images were evaluated by two oral radiologists, to check the adaptation on bone surfaces, thickness and density, penetration into large bone cavities and cancellous bone, and the presence of air bubbles using a 5-score scale. Additionally, an objective analysis was carried out by one oral radiologist. For each CBCT scan, three axial reconstructions were selected to represent the mandibular, occlusal, and maxillary levels. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the grey values were calculated in four regions of interest determined on soft tissue areas and compared by two-way ANOVA.

Results:

The ballistic gelatin showed subjective scores ranging from good to excellent for all parameters evaluated. There was no significant difference in the mean and SD values of the grey values between ballistic gelatin and the gold standard groups for all levels (p > 0.05). Higher SD values were observed in the occlusal level for both groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Ballistic gelatin has visual and objective similarity with the gold standard. Thus, the ballistic gelatin is a promising material capable of simulating soft tissues in CBCT images.
The effect of electronic and printed module about drug abuse prevention on teachers’ beliefs in Indonesia
Authors: Ghozali Ghozali , Azuhairi A Ahmad , Mohd Zulkefli Nor Afiah , Ibrahim Faisal
Published: September 2020

Background: Drug abuse is a serious global health problem. Globally, 269 million people or 5.3 percent of the population aged 15‒64 years used drugs in 2018. Evidence shows that most drug addicts start using drugs in adolescence (<15-years-old). Adolescents need role models who are able to guide them; teachers have important roles as they are primary role models for students. Therefore, teachers should have positive beliefs to guide students effectively, i.e. they should have good awareness about the threat of drug abuse and high confidence to implement required prevention. This research developed an alternative electronic delivery method of learning material to empower teachers in preventing drug abuse. This study aimed to compare the effect of the electronic and a printed teaching module on teachers’ beliefs about drug abuse prevention.

Methods: 260 junior high school teachers were selected randomly. These teachers were split into two groups. Before intervention, a questionnaire was completed by both groups. The teachers then completed the learning material: electronic module in the first group and printed module in the second group. One month later, data was collected from both groups using the same questionnaire to assess the beliefs of the teachers

Results: There was significant positive effect on teachers’ beliefs, both in electronic module and printed module groups. All categories of beliefs at one month after intervention were significantly higher than those at baseline (P<0.001). Based on between group comparison analysis of mean changes, perceived susceptibility in electronic module group was significantly higher than printed module group (P<0.001), while perceived severity, benefits, barriers and efficacy were not significantly different (P>0.05).

Conclusions: Electronic and printed module intervention significantly increased teachers’ beliefs in drug abuse prevention. The printed module was still effective to be used as learning media, while the electronic module was an alternative with some advantages.
Development of Family Representations in Primary Schoolchildren
Authors: Golubeva Elena
Published: September 2020

The article presents the results of a study of ideas about the family in primary schoolchildren of different ages. The respondents were 95 primary schoolchildren, students of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades of secondary schools. A free associative experiment was used as a research method. It was found that the content of the most common associations varies from one age group to another. During primary school age, the characteristic that children give to relationships between family members is transformed (“friendship” changes to “love”), the mention of “I” from the list of family members disappears, the frequency of use of generalizing categories (“relatives”, “kin”) increases. The results can be used by specialists working with children to assess the family situation in which the child grows, from the perspective of the experiences of the child.
Organizations of Research Activity of Younger Schoolchildren in Studying the Subject «the World-Around-Us»
Authors: Fatyhova A. , Rabadanova R. , Golovneva N.
Published: September 2020

This article focuses on the problem of organizing research activities of primary school children in the study of the course "the world Around us" and the development of research interest in the conditions of regular and extracurricular activities. The role of the Federal state educational standard in the development of students ability to independently and qualitatively acquire new knowledge through the formation of universal educational actions is shown. The authors present a review of scientific research by scientists interested in the organization of research activities of primary school students and the development of their research type of thinking; describe the experience of research activities of younger schoolchildren in the city of Sterlitamak, Republic of Bashkortostan.
Salivary screening for Selenomonas noxia in the oral cavity of pediatric patients
Authors: Davidowitz Rachelle , Howard Katherine M. , Kingsley Karl
Published: September 2020

The oral microbiome may be affected by patient medications, disease conditions and systemic disorders. Selenomonas noxia is an anaerobic, motile, non spore-forming, gram-negative rod that has been repeatedly associated with periodontal disease and other disorders, including obesity. Based upon the paucity of evidence regarding oral prevalence, the objective of was to evaluate S. noxia prevalence by sampling saliva from the oral cavity to screen for this pathogen. Using an existing saliva repository, DNA was isolated and screened using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Demographic analysis of study samples and qPCR results was also performed. Approximately half of the samples (n=96) were derived from females (51%) and the majority were from Hispanic patients (62.5%). Following DNA isolation and qPCR screening 37.5% (n=35) were found to harbor S. noxia DNA, which was more prevalent among the samples derived from adults (n=22 or 22.9%) than pediatric patients (n=13 or 13.5%). This study provides novel information regarding the oral prevalence of S. noxia among both pediatric and adult populations from a dental school population. These data are an important part of the overall epidemiologic analysis of this organism and may provide some initial information regarding the risk for periodontal or other health issues related to the presence among these populations.
Ameloblastomatous Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst: Case Report
Authors: Aminzadeh Atousa , Sadighi Alireza
Published: September 2020

Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) or calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor was first introduced in 1962 by Gorlin et al., as a possible oral counterpart of calcifying epitheliomas of Malherbe in skin. This lesion is a rare odontogenic lesion with variable clinico-histological characteristics. Three different histologic subtypes has been reported for COC. In this study we presented a female patient diagnosed with ameloblastomatous COC a very rare variant of this lesion and challenges regarding microscopic diagnosis and treatment of it is discussed.
Reticular Lichen planus in young female: Rare case study
Authors: Sachdev Rohan , Garg Kriti , Mukherjee Sekhar
Published: September 2020

Lichen planus is a chronic autoimmune disorder of mucosa and skin, mainly females in their forty to sixty years and rare in young age group. Etiology is still unknown; certain triggering factors include mental stress, medicines and systemic disorders. Oral Lichen planus is a painful disorder; mainly involve the buccal mucosa of the oral cavity. The reticular pattern is most common while atrophic and erosive type of oral lichen planus are less common. Here we present a rare case of a reticular lichen planus involving the right buccal mucosa and tongue of 18 years old female patient without any cutaneous lesions.
Rastros de maus tratos domésticos contra as mulheres em cantigas medievais
Authors: Labrego de Matos Luiz Paulo
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo central analisar quatro cantigas medievais galego-portuguesas que versam sobre a violência doméstica sofrida por mulheres na sociedade lusitana da Baixa Idade Média. Para tanto, optamos por pensar o local onde as agressões ocorriam, mais especificamente, a casa medieval portuguesa, bem como, para uma melhor contextualização, as configurações da educação voltadas às mulheres e quais as suas implicações na construção da vida social das jovens. Ao fim, os poemas que nos serviram como fonte primária são analisados, destacando o objeto de pesquisa em questão.
Perfil das notificações de incidentes em saúde em um hospital universitário
Authors: Dias Cláudia Novais , Carreiro Mônica De Almeida
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: delinear o perfil das notificações de incidentes em saúde em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Método: estudo retrospectivo e descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados das fichas de notificação de incidentes em saúde referente ao período de outubro de 2015 a maio de 2018. Resultados: no total, foram analisadas 534 notificações de incidentes em saúde. Os enfermeiros foram os principais notificadores, com um predomínio expressivo das queixas técnicas, destacando a prevalência da tecnovigilância. Os incidentes com dano ocorreram com maior concentração nos setores de internação. Conclusão: a partir do perfil das notificações foi possível evidenciar fragilidades no sistema que sugerem a existência da subnotificação na instituição, sendo um entrave para o entendimento das ocorrências.
Mulheres quilombolas na comunidade do Córrego do Meio e a busca pela educação formal
Authors: Paiva Tawani Mara de Souza , Eiterer Carmem Lucia , Vencato Anna Paula
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta análise de parte dos dados produzidos no contexto de pesquisa de mestrado acerca da experiência de mulheres quilombolas em espaços de educação formal e informal. Para tanto foram entrevistadas quatro mulheres quilombolas. A partir das entrevistas mobilizamos como eixos de análise as trajetórias educacionais e os sentidos da escolarização para as colaboradoras, levando em consideração marcadores como gênero, raça/etnia, classe e origem (quilombolas e do campo); a participação na Associação Comunidade Quilombola Córrego do Meio; a inserção no Cursinho Popular Quilombola – Córrego do Meio e nos espaços de educação formal. A partir da pesquisa foi possível compreender que a sociedade desigual marcada pelo racismo, machismo e outros preconceitos, ofereceu obstáculos para as trajetórias escolares das entrevistadas. Entretanto, para essas mulheres quilombolas a educação está além da construída na escola, portanto, ela compreende os diversos ambientes sociais em que circulam. Mas, há em seus núcleos familiares uma mobilização em torno da construção de condições necessárias para a escolarização de seus/suas descendentes, visando a mobilidade social intergeracional.
Formação pedagógica nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Pedagogia: considerações à luz da Teoria da Argumentação
Authors: Costa Clara Corrêa , Gonçalves Helenice Maia
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o jogo argumentativo relativo à formação pedagógica implícito nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Pedagogia. A análise foi desenvolvida a partir do Parecer CNE/CP nº 5 (BRASIL, 2005), que deu origem à Resolução CNE/CP nº 1, publicada em 2006, a qual institui as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Pedagogia, Licenciatura. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, segue uma tradição interpretativa, tendo sido norteada pela Teoria da Argumentação, proposta por Chaïm Perelman e Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, por possibilitar uma investigação com base no discurso a partir da intenção do locutor de persuadir seu auditório. O documento foi analisado com base no Modelo da Estratégia Argumentativa (MEA), desenvolvido por Monica Rabello de Castro e Janete Bolite-Frant, que busca explicar os momentos de negociação dos interlocutores, evidenciando como suas hipóteses se ligam às teses por eles defendidas, tendo como base uma situação controversa, nem sempre explícita em suas interações. Ao destacar o discurso persuasivo inscrito no material analisado, identificou-se que, embora algumas tentativas de mudança tenham surgido ao longo dos anos, o curso de Pedagogia ainda se encontra arraigado a suas origens históricas, sendo a formação docente inicial considerada insuficiente para o exercício da docência, necessitando de formação continuada e de práticas que supram as necessidades apontadas na área de atuação profissional.
Educação escolar e redes de conhecimento em Moçambique: colonialidades, epistemicídios e questões atuais
Authors: Chaua Roberto Da Costa Joaquim
Published: September 2020

Produzido a partir da compreensão histórica da educação em Moçambique, da imersão no cotidiano das escolas do norte do país e dos embates em torno da relação entre redes de conhecimentos, mormente, a escola e os ritos de iniciação, este artigo mapeia colonialidades, epistemicídios e questões ligadas à educação moçambicana. Elege a metáfora diálogo à volta da fogueira enquanto espaçotempo de resistência e necessário para compreensão das conflitualidades e negociações subsistentes nos processos educativos. A fogueira se apresenta enquanto dispositivo de estada em uma dimensão humana, pela qual ideias de liberdade e subversão vem à tona representadas nos atos humanos de comer, se relacionar, fazer histórias e compartilhá-las constituindo símbolo dos mecanismos acionados para lutar, viver e sonhar em contexto de miséria.
A força educativa e emancipatória do Movimento Negro em tempos de fragilidade democrática
Authors: Gomes Nilma Lino
Published: September 2020

O Brasil escondeu e guardou o racismo atrás do discurso da democracia racial, da mestiçagem e da diversidade. Porém, nos tempos de acirramento e recrudescimento da extrema direita, da onda neoconservadora e reacionária, esse mesmo racismo tem sido revelado publicamente e sem constrangimentos. Nesse contexto, existe um ator político central no processo de luta antirracista e de reeducação da sociedade, do Estado e da universidade: o movimento negro. Ele é um dos principais protagonistas das lutas por emancipação no decorrer da história política brasileira, a partir do século XX. Nesse processo, o movimento negro tem sido produtor de diferentes formas de saberes emancipatórios que podem nos ajudar a reagir diante do atual contexto de incertezas vivido pela sociedade brasileira. Do conjunto de saberes articulados e sistematizados pelo Movimento Negro um deles se destaca nos tempos de democracia em risco: os saberes da indignação.
Representações sociais de docentes sobre relações étnico-raciais na Educação Básica na Amazônia
Authors: Santos Raquel Amorim , Neves Joana d`Darc De Vasconcelos , Pereira Morgana Da Silva
Published: September 2020

O estudo analisa as representações sociais de docentes sobre as Relações Étnico-Raciais na Educação Básica a partir do Projeto de Extensão da UFPA em Bragança-PA. A metodologia pautou-se na abordagem qualitativa Tridimensional das Representações Sociais com base em Moscovici. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se questionário com perguntas semiestruturadas. A amostragem foi constituída de 12 docentes da Educação Básica que participaram das ações extensionistas. Na análise utilizou-se o dialogismo discursivo de Bakhtin. Os resultados demonstraram que os processos de formação de professores são fundantes para a [re]construção de práticas pedagógicas que visem o enfrentamento do racismo, discriminação e preconceito racial, de modo a contribuir para a construção da identidade positiva de afro-brasileiros na escola básica. Conclui-se que a formação continuada contribui para que professores ressignifiquem seus conceitos acerca da diversidade étnica e práticas pedagógicas, voltadas para a pomoção da igualdade étnico-racial.
Em legítima defesa: a escrita feminina negra como enfrentamento e transgressão
Authors: Almeida Marisangela Lins de
Published: September 2020

Como apontou Sueli Carneiro (2018), a violência perpetrada pela naturalização do racismo na sociedade, especificamente brasileira, estabeleceu estereótipos, espaços e não-espaços para nós, mulheres negras, afastando-nos do campo intelectual. Partindo dessa constatação, neste texto, elaboro uma reflexão sobre os modos estruturais que sexismo e racismo atuam na invisibilidade da intelectualidade de mulheres negras. A partir das vozes feministas negras insurgentes de intelectuais brasileiras e norte americanas, como Sueli Carneiro, bell hooks, Lélia Gonzalez e Patrícia Hill Collins problematizo a construção histórica de espaços naturalizados como de ausência (campo intelectual) e de presença (mulata, doméstica e ‘mãe preta’) e o penoso processo de transgressão destes.
Research roundup: September 2020
Authors: Odd Dawn
Published: September 2020

In this section, a range of brief synopses of recently published articles that may be of interest to health visitors is presented. The aim of this roundup is to give an overview, rather than a detailed summary, of the research papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
The management of COVID-19 across the NHS
Authors: Halliwell Amanda
Published: September 2020

The Care Quality Commission's second insight report highlights notable changes in practice, joint working factors which enabled these and issues which need to be further developed
Apostolic vs. Judaizing Jewish Christianity: The Reclamation of Apostolic Authority in Post-Baur Scholarship
Authors: Jackson-Mccabe Matt
Published: September 2020

This chapter shows how Ferdinand Christian Baur's more traditionally minded critics, in an effort to turn back his assault on apostolic and canonical authority, combined the disparate models of John Toland and Baur into new and more complex taxonomies of Jewish Christianity. This resulted in the notorious problems of definition and terminology that have plagued the category ever since. Underlying the varying details of these new accounts of Jewish Christianity was a common counternarrative that restored the integrity and authority traditionally accorded to the apostolic and canonical spheres by revising Baur's theory at two critical junctures. First, the apostles, while superficially similar to Paul's “Judaizing” opponents in outward practice, were said to have been aligned with Paul, not with those opponents, in essential religious principle. Second, the “Judaizers” were said to have quickly become a nonfactor in the development of the early Catholic Church and thus to have had virtually no meaningful influence on the New Testament.
The Legacy of Christian Apologetics in Post-Holocaust Scholarship: Jean Daniélou, Marcel Simon, and the Problem of Definition
Authors: Jackson-Mccabe Matt
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines central developments in the study of Jewish Christianity in the post-Holocaust era. It explores how Christian apologetic assumptions—and the interpretive problems they generate—continued to shape discussions of Jewish Christianity, and treatments of Jewish and Christian antiquity more generally, even as Christian theology became increasingly marginalized in critical scholarship. The tone was set when French scholars Marcel Simon and Jean Daniélou produced their own fresh analyses of Jewish Christianity—each, however, based on fundamentally different definitions. Simon defined it strictly with reference to Torah observance. Daniélou's iteration, on the other hand, was formulated along the lines of what Albrecht Ritschl had called judaistisches Christenthum: “the expression of Christianity in the thought-forms of Later Judaism.” Over the next half-century, analyses of Jewish Christianity coalesced largely around one or the other of these two approaches.
Problems and Prospects: Jewish Christianity and Identity in Contemporary Discussion
Authors: Jackson-Mccabe Matt
Published: September 2020

This chapter addresses the contemporary debate about the enduring utility of the category “Jewish Christianity” in light of the new historical problem. Questions resulting from the eclipse of Christian apologetics in critical reconstructions of Jewish and Christian antiquity have been raised with increasing insistence in the opening decades of the twenty-first century. In the theoretical void left by the evacuation of Christian theology from critical historiography, scholars are seeking to reconceptualize the nature of Christianity, and the problem of its origins and development in relation to Judaism, in light of the more general human propensity to construct and maintain social and cultural identities. This paradigm shift has led to fundamental changes in the scholarly debates about Jewish Christianity. The question at issue today is no longer merely how to define the category. Among those who continue to use it, the question is whether it should be defined at all given the inevitable fluidity of cultural identity. Even more fundamental is the question of the continued utility of the very notion of Jewish Christianity.
Ghetto and Suburb
Authors: Panayi Panikos
Published: September 2020

This chapter examines patterns of migrant settlement in London. The visibility of migrants in London often became associated with concentration in what contemporary observers often essentially regarded as ghettoes — from the Irish ‘rookery’ in St Giles during the eighteenth century to the Jewish East End by the late Victorian period to the ‘coloured quarter’ immediately after the end of the Second World War, focused especially upon the East End, but increasingly moving to other parts of the capital, including South London, especially around Brixton. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, the ethnic concentrations which had characterized the history of London became a feature of the entire metropolis, as a patchwork of ethnic concentrations developed. This apparent universalization of settlement based upon ethnic lines reflected the increasing numbers of migrants moving to London, as well as the growing diversification of these newcomers. Ghettoization, to the extent that it exists, offers just one way of understanding the living patterns of migrant populations in London.
A City of Hawkers, Shopkeepers and Businessmen
Authors: Panayi Panikos
Published: September 2020

This chapter takes a look at the growth of migrant enterprises in London. In the same way that migrants have worked in all sectors of the London economy as paid employees, whether in factories, buses or hospitals, they have also established their own businesses throughout the capital, especially as small shopkeepers selling all manner of products. A complexity of factors has facilitated the growth of migrant small businesses in London's history, a process which has its origins in the early modern period, with the Huguenots who settled in Spitalfields regarded as pioneers in this process. While some migrant groups appear more entrepreneurial than others, as supported by statistics, it seems that virtually all ethnic minorities have opened small businesses, providing a means of social mobility and helping in the assimilation process. This chapter explores the businesses established by the Irish, the Jews, the Germans, the Italians, the Cypriots, the Asians, and the Africans.
Fighters and Footballers
Authors: Panayi Panikos
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the history of football in London and the participation of migrants and ethnic minorities within it. It explains that migrant participation in football acts as a key symbol of the relationship between migration and globalization, illustrating the forces of multiculturalism and racism in action. It resembles other aspects of the migration history of the British capital in the sense that the period before the Second World War and even before the 1980s appears one dominated by the white British in terms of the professionals who played this sport. However, as in the case of much else in the migration history of London, scratch below the surface and there emerges a longer history of migrant participation involving the Irish in particular, as well as a few people of Jewish, African, and Caribbean origin. The global and multi-ethnic football team has thus become the norm by the end of the twentieth century, symbolized especially by Arsenal and Chelsea fielding teams consisting almost entirely of foreigners by 1999.
Translator’s Introduction
Authors: Ghannouchi Rached , Ghannouchi Rached , Ghannouchi Rached , Ghannouchi Rached , Ghannouchi Rached
Published: September 2020

This introductory chapter provides some historical and political context underlining the volume's writings. It first discusses the importance of Rached Ghannouchi's works and their relevancy during a politically charged period of “Islamophobia.” The chapter then explains the meaning of “political Islam” and sets it apart from other terms, such as “Islamism.” It also discusses the eminent French scholar of political Islam, François Burgat. The chapter explores Burgat's work; his relationship with the author, Rached Ghannouchi; and how his works appear throughout Ghannouchi's writings in this volume. Finally, this chapter reviews some recent scholarly literature which shed further light on political Islam, before providing some additional remarks on the translation of this volume.
Dragonomics: An Internationalized Development Strategy
Authors: Wise Carol
Published: September 2020

This chapter argues that China’s incorporation of Latin America into its internationalized development strategy stems from China’s need for resources from emerging economies to sustain its domestic development, but this has highlighted the stark differences in institutional strength between LAC countries. To bear this claim out, the author examines the history of China-LAC commercial relations, as well as the similarities and differences between China’s developmental path and that of other East Asian Developmental States. Based upon three developmental themes, the author delineates six of China’s strategic partners in the region into three case studies: first, the free trade agreements pursued by Chile, Costa Rica, and Peru; second, the institutional resource curse suffered by Argentina and Brazil; and finally, the FDI export–led industrialization strategy adopted by Mexico. The countries in the first two case studies have built tighter economic ties with China, opening up more space for policymaking and innovation, while Mexico in the final case study has had less export-led trade with China and comparatively weaker economic growth.
From State to Market: A Fork in the Reform Road
Authors: Wise Carol
Published: September 2020

This chapter undertakes a cross-regional comparison of the developmental paths of China and the Latin American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru (LAC 5). It traces the economic histories and policies implemented within the LAC-5 from the 1950s until the 1980s before turning to China to do the same from the 1980s onward. The author argues that the contrasting underlying logic between the Washington Consensus and the Beijing Consensus can explain the widely divergent outcomes in the development of Latin America and China.
Ratcheting Down the Industrial Ladder in Mexico
Authors: Wise Carol
Published: September 2020

This chapter analyses Mexico’s deteriorating economic relationship with China, tracing its reform trajectory from the adoption of NAFTA in the 1990s, to China’s WTO entrance, and to the ways China’s rise is exacerbating tensions between Mexico and the US today. The author argues that Mexico failed to implement public policies and institutional reforms to bolster companies and position them to perform successfully under NAFTA. Instead, elite policymakers chose to rely on a neoliberal hands-off industrial development strategy, effectively kicking away the ladder of state guidance for industrial promotion, reducing such tools as public credit, tax breaks, trade tariffs, and so on. This led to Mexico’s incorporation into China’s internationalized development strategy as an importer of Chinese goods, which has left it with a massive trade deficit with China over the past twenty-five years.
Ending Book Hunger
Authors: Shaver Lea
Published: September 2020

Worldwide, billions of people suffer from book hunger. For them, books are too few, too expensive, or do not even exist in their languages. This book argues that this is an educational crisis: the most reliable predictor of children's achievement is the size of their families' book collections. This book highlights innovative nonprofit solutions to expand access to print. First Book, for example, offers diverse books to teachers at bargain prices. Imagination Library mails picture books to support early literacy in book deserts. Worldreader promotes mobile reading in developing countries by turning phones into digital libraries. Pratham Books creates open access stories that anyone may freely copy, adapt, and translate. Can such efforts expand to bring books to the next billion would-be readers? The book reveals the powerful roles of copyright law and licensing, and sounds the clarion call for readers to contribute their own talents to the fight against book hunger.
Reflecting Diversity
Authors: Shaver Lea
Published: September 2020

This chapter describes the book Underpants Dance, which only depicts four white people out of all the thirty characters. However, the book still shows quite a significant underrepresentation of America's diversity. In this story, none of the people of color are important enough to have names. They serve only as a sprinkling of color in the background. The book's settings and events also reflect a distinctly upper-middle-class lifestyle. The chapter further explains that there is nothing wrong with any single children's book being culturally specific to a white, upper-income, American experience. The problem is that this pattern is so strong that children's literature as a whole is systematically less attractive or even alienating to children who do not fit that mold.