bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An exploration on possible correlations among perception and physical characteristics of EMOVO emotional portrayals
Authors:   University of Rome Tor Vergata - Dip. SPFS, Giovannella Carlo , Floris Daniele , Paoloni Andrea
Published: March 2023

This article presents the first attempt to investigate the existence of possible quantitative correlations among the physical characteristics of emotional portrayals and the emotions perceived by humans during their listening. Our aim was: a) to design and develop a new investigation procedure/protocol; b) to obtain information useful to recognition and synthesis of emotions conveyed by the human voice. Our results, obtained on a subset of the emotional portrayals contained in the corpus EMOVO, show that, apart from well known qualitative indications, it is also possible to observe clear quantitative trends for some couples of ‘emotionsignal characteristics’ as function of the recognition rate of the emotion.
Understanding Trajectories of Experience in Situated Learning Field Trips
Authors: Canova Calori Ilaria , Rossitto Chiara , Divitini Monica
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses the role context plays in promoting engagement and exploration in situated learning experiences during field trips. We look at field trips where children engage with the physical and social environment in order to learn about cultural and social aspects of the city they live in. By drawing on empirical data collected by means of qualitative methods, we discuss how learning unfolds along trajectories of experience towards pre-defined and emerging learning objectives. We reflect of the role technology can play in supporting learning experiences outside the classroom.
Attention in Urban Foraging
Authors: McCullough Malcolm
Published: March 2023

This position paper argues how there has to be much more to smart city learning than just wayshowing, and something better as augmented reality than covering the world with instructions. Attention has become something for many people to know better in an age of information superabundance. Embodied cognition explains how the workings of attention are not solely a foreground task, as if attention is something to pay. As digital media appear in ever more formats and contexts, their hybrids with physical form increasing influence how habitual engagement with persistent situations creates learning. Ambient information can just add to the distraction by multitasking, or it can support more favorable processes of shifting among different kinds of information with a particular intent. As one word for this latter process, foraging deserves more consideration in smart city learning.
Geographic Learning Objects in Smart Cities Context
Authors: Del Fatto Vincenzo , Dodero Gabriella
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, many cities around the world are trying to find smarter ways to manage challenges such as ensuring livable conditions in a context of rapid urban population growth. These cities are often referred to as Smart Cities. In the last years, researchers from many disciplines have contributed to the Smart Cities definition and implementation. In this paper we investigate how topics from two particular fields, such as Geographic Information and Elearning Systems, can be mixed in order to contribute to the Smart Cities cause. In particular, we introduce the Geographic Learning Object and discuss how such Geographic Learning Objects can be used in a Geographic Information System in order to provide information and learning content to the citizens of a Smart City.
Contextual Mobile Learning for professionals working in the “Smart City”
Authors: Zhang Bingxue , David Bertrand , Yin Chuantao , Chalon Rene
Published: March 2023

In this study, we propose an innovative approach using the “Contextual Mobile Learning System” based on the “Electronic Performance Support System” (EPSS) to support efficient just-in-time learning for professionals working in the “Smart city”. In this paper, we present the principle and the structure of our contextual mobile learning system, which uses a search engine to find appropriate learning units in relation with working activities and conditions and the user’s / worker’s profile. We further discuss the proposed system structure, supportive process and context-driven engine. Finally, we describe a scenario using our contextual mobile learning system.
A Mixed Interaction Platform for Supporting Large-Scale Crisis Storytelling
Authors: Malizia Alessio , Díez David , Díaz Paloma , Aedo Ignacio , Lupo Luca
Published: March 2023

Crowdsourcing is a distributed approach in which people participate and share information over the Web (e.g. Facebook or Twitter). This distributed model has proved to be helpful in accelerating the perception of what occurred, where it happened, and who needed help in recent disasters such as the Boston Marathon bombs, the Oklahoma tornado or the Central Europe floods. Nevertheless, this kind of sources might provide unreliable, partial, ambiguous and inconsistent information that do not necessarily help to understand the situation. An alternative may be the combination of crowdsourcing activities and more official flows of information to make up a coherent big picture that support the needs of decision makers. This paper introduces a software approach conceived to convey stories created from different sources –official and unofficial- as a way of depicting situations in a collaborative manner.
Using an Agent-Based Modeling Simulation and Game to Teach Socio-Scientific Topics
Authors: Scarlatos Lori L. , Tomkiewicz Micha , Courtney Ryan
Published: March 2023

In our modern world, where science, technology and society are tightly interwoven, it is essential that all students be able to evaluate scientific evidence and make informed decisions. Energy Choices, an agent-based simulation with a multiplayer game interface, was developed as a learning tool that models the interdependencies between the energy choices that are made, growth in local economies, and climate change on a global scale. This paper presents the results of pilot testing Energy Choices in two different settings, using two different modes of delivery.
Children with Motor Impairments Play a Kinect Learning Game: First Findings from a Pilot Case in an Authentic Classroom Environment
Authors: Altanis Giannis , Boloudakis Michalis , Retalis Symeon , Nikos Nikou Nikos
Published: March 2023

This paper presents the first very positive findings from an empirical study about the effectiveness of the use of a Kinect learning game for children with gross motor skills problems and motor impairments. This game follows the principles of a newly presented approach, called Kinems, which advocates that special educators and therapists should use learning games that via embodied touchless interaction – thanks to the Microsoft Kinect camera- children with dyspraxia and other related disorders such as autism, Asperger’s Syndrome, and Attention Deficit Disorder, can improve related skills. Several Kinems games have been proposed (http://www.kinems.com). These games are innovative and are played with hand and body gestures. Kinems suggests that games should be highly configurable so that a teacher can modify the settings (e.g. difficult level, time settings, etc.) for the individual needs of each child. Also, a teacher should have access to kinetic and learning analytics of the child’s interaction progress and achievements should be safely stored and vividly presented.
Comparing Expert and Novice Driving Behavior in a Driving Simulator
Authors: Ekanayake Hiran B. , Backlund Per , Ziemke Tom , Ramberg Robert , Hewagamage Kamalanath P. , Lebram Mikael
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a study focused on comparing driving behavior of expert and novice drivers in a mid-range driving simulator with the intention of evaluating the validity of driving simulators for driver training. For the investigation, measurements of performance, psychophysiological measurements, and self-reported user experience under different conditions of driving tracks and driving sessions were analyzed. We calculated correlations between quantitative and qualitative measures to enhance the reliability of the findings. The experiment was conducted involving 14 experienced drivers and 17 novice drivers. The results indicate that driving behaviors of expert and novice drivers differ from each other in several ways but it heavily depends on the characteristics of the task. Moreover, our belief is that the analytical framework proposed in this paper can be used as a tool for selecting appropriate driving tasks as well as for evaluating driving performance in driving simulators.
THE STUDY OF MISHKĀT AL-MAṢĀBĪḤ BY ABU ABDILLAH AL-TIBRIZI: As a Secondary Book of Hadith in Medieval Era
Authors: Hanif Naufal Aulia , Husnia Nisrina Aidaturahma
Published: March 2023

This article attempts to describe the characteristics of one of the hadith books that appeared in the Middle Ages by introducing one of the hadith books that were successfully compiled. Namely, the book Mishkāt al-Maṣābīh by Abu Abdillah al-Tibrizi. Even though it is a secondary hadith book which is rarely studied and researched in the current era, the role of the data in the the book is very important to be elaborated with historical data that the authors found to describe the trend of the development of hadith in the Middle Ages. In this qualitative research, the author used a descriptive-analytical method with a literature study model to look for the characteristics and features of Misykāt al-Maṣābīh}in the development of hadith studies. For this reason, this article raises several important issues regarding the object discussed. First, a general discussion about the development of medieval hadith to describe the position of this book in the midst of the social conditions of society at that time. Second, a discussion of the biography and intellectual journey of Abu Abdillah al-Tibrizi. Third, a special discussion of the method and systematics of compiling the book and its advantages and disadvantages. The author finds that Abu Abdillah al-Tibrizi contributed to the development of hadith by providing additional information about the names of narrators and cutting narrators only at the companion level, in addition to introducing three categorizations in composing hadith as an innovation that emerged. [Artikel ini berusaha memaparkan karakteristik dari salah satu kitab hadis yang muncul pada abad pertengahan dengan mengenalkan salah satu kitab hadis yang berhasil disusun, yaitu kitab Misykāt al-Maṣābīh} karya Abu Abdillah al-Tibrizi. Walaupun termasuk kitab hadis sekunder yang jarang dikaji dan diteliti di era sekarang, peran data-data dalam kitab tersebut sangat penting dielaborasikan dengan data historis yang penulis temukan. Untuk menggambarkan tren perkembangan hadis pada abad pertengahan. Dalam penelitian kualitatif ini, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dengan model kajian kepustakaan untuk mencari karakteristik dan keistimewaan kitab Misykāt al-Maṣābīh} dalam perkembangan kajian hadis. Untuk itu, artikel ini mengangkat beberapa persoalan penting mengenai objek yang dibahas. Pertama, pembahasan secara umum seputar perkembangan hadis abad pertengahan untuk menggambarkan posisi kitab ini di tengah kondisi sosial masyarakat ketika itu. Kedua, pembahasan mengenai biografi dan perjalanan intelektual Abu Abdillah al-Tibrizi. Ketiga, pembahasan khusus mengenai metode dan sistematika penyusunan kitab serta kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Penulis menemukan bahwa Abu Abdillah al-Tibrizi turut berkontribusi dalam perkembangan hadis dengan memberikan tambahan info mengenai nama perawi dan memotong rawi hanya pada tingkat sahabat saja selain mengenalkan tiga kategorisasi dalam menyusun hadis sebagai sebuah inovasi yang dimunculkan).]
ОСОБЕННОСТИ КЛИНИКО-ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИХ КРИТЕРИЙ МИКОПЛАЗМЕННОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИ У ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Рустамов Мардон , Ибрагимова Марина , Хусаинова Ширин
Published: March 2023

Аннотация. Несмотря на научные исследования, в связи со сложностью ранней диагностики этиологического фактора, особенностями клинических и лабораторных проявлений заболевания, проблема атипичной пневмоний у детей остается нерешенной. Своевременное выявление этиологического фактора атипичной пневмонии во многом определяет эффективность антибактериальной терапии, резко влияющей на течение и исход заболевания, а культуральная диагностика затруднена, так как микоплазма является внутриклеточным возбудителем и не выявляется даже при микроскопия мазка. Одним из современных направлений изучения патогенеза различных воспалительных заболеваний является определение статуса провоспалительных и противовоспалительных цитокинов, являющихся чувствительными и специфическими биомаркерами ответа организма на инфекцию. Варианты показателей цитокинового профиля в педиатрической практике и их связь с течением пневмонии у детей носят лишь ориентировочный характер. Цель исследования - изучить клинико-диагностические критерии микоплазменной пневмоний у детей.

Материалы и методы исследования. Нами было обследовано 60 больных, которые в зависимости от этиологического фактора заболевания больные внебольничной пневмонией были разделены на 2 группы: I группа - 30 больных микоплазменной этиологией, II группа - 30 больных пневмонией типичной этиологией. Результаты исследований показали, что иммунологические нарушения у больных детей с микоплазменной пневмонией характеризуются достоверным повышением провоспалительных и противовоспалительных цитокинов по сравнению со стандартными значениями.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ДЖОЗАМИЦИНА ПРИ АТИПИЧНЫХ ПНЕВМОНИЯХ У ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА
Authors: Шавази Нурали , Ибрагимова Марина
Published: March 2023

Аннотация. Пневмония – одна из распространенных заболеваний, занимающее ведущее место в структуре заболеваемости и смертности от инфекционных болезней у детей, проявляющееся симптомами дыхательной недостаточности. Мы провели лечение применением антибактериального препарата - Джозамицин. Целью работы является: изучить эффективность применения препарата Джозамицин при атипичных пневмониях у детей. Материалы и методы исследования: в зависимости от назначенной терапии нами было пролечено 60 пациентов в возрасте от 3 до 10 лет, которые были разделены на 2 группы. Больные находились на стационарном лечение в Самаркандском Филиале республиканского научного центра экстренной медицинской помощи, в отделениях педиатрии. 30 больным был назначен Джозамицин в возрастной дозировке в течении 10 дней. Клинические проявления I группы, получавшие препарат Джозамицин купировались быстрее почти в 2 раза, по сравнению с больными из II группы. Применение препарата Джозамицин при атипичных пневмониях показало, что он является эффективным препаратом, который предупреждает и уменьшает тяжесть течения пневмоний.
FREQUENCY AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE IN CHILDREN ASSOCIATED WITH PHENOTYPIC MANIFESTATIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA
Authors: Efimenko Oksana , Khaidarova Lola
Published: March 2023

Abstract: As an expression of a generalized connective tissue defect, mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is often combined with other dysplastic changes that manifest themselves as a set of phenotypic signs of the body. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency and clinical manifestations of mitral valve prolapse in children associated with phenotypic manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia. In the course of the work, not only clinical, but also instrumental methods were used to study 60 children with a verified diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse who are being treated in the department of cardiorheumatology of the Andijan regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center. As a result of the work carried out, it was found that the high frequency of phenotypic manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia in children with MVP indicates that the diverse clinical symptoms are not limited only to the defeat of the cardiovascular system.
ЧАСТОТА И СТРУКТУРА БЛИЖАЙШИХ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННЫХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ С БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ГИРШПРУНГА
Authors: Акилов Хабибулла , Мамажонов Умиджон , Мирзакаримов Бахромжон
Published: March 2023

Резюме. На сегодняшний день все большее распространение при болезни Гиршпрунга, приобретает радикальное одноэтапное оперативное лечение с использованием миниинвазивных методов хирургического вмешательства.  Современные хирургические методы лечения болезни Гиршпрунга у новорожденных и детей раннего возраста позволяют снизить смертность и улучшить результаты. Цель исследования. Изучить показатели функциональной активности и качества жизни детей с болезнью Гиршпрунга, оперированных методом De La Torre-Ortega. Материал и методы исследования. В исследование были включены 21 детей, оперированных по поводу болезни Гиршпрунга на клинических базах кафедры детской хирургии Андижанского государственного медицинского института. Больные были в возрасте от 2 до 18 лет. 4 (19,04%) больных поступили в клинику в стадии декомпенсации, 12 (57,14%) - в стадии субкомпенсации, 5 (23,8%) - в стадии компенсации. У 13 (61,9%) детей выполнялась усовершенствованная методика операции De La Torre-Ortega и 8 (38,1%) производилась трансанальная резекция толстой кишки по классической методике Соаве-Ленюшкина.

В статье представлены результаты изучения функциональной активности и качества жизни детей с болезнью Гиршпрунга, оперированных по усовершенствованному методу De La Torre-Ortega и классической методике Соаве-Ленюшкина. Качество жизни оперированных детей оценивалась по адаптированной шкале PedsQL™4.0, которая включает всего 21 вопросов, оценивающие физическое, эмоциональное, социальное и ролевое функционирование. Анализ качества жизни детей с болезнью Гиршпрунга показал достоверный прирост показателей по всем шкалам при выполнении усовершенствованной методики операции De La Torre-Ortega до 84,1-92,3% по отношению к группе здоровых детей с изменением значения общего балла с 52,8±10,0 до 70,4±6,4 (t=6,79; p<0,001).
ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА КОМПЕНСАТОРНЫХ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У ДЕТЕЙ С ЖЕЛЕЗОДЕФИЦИТНОЙ АНЕМИЕЙ
Authors: Давлатова Сохира , Мухаммаднабиева Фаришта , Музаффаров Шамшод , Лим Максим
Published: March 2023

Аннотация. Актуальность.  Железодефицитная анемия (ЖДА) по сей день остаётся наиболее распространённой  патологией в детской популяции. По данным ВОЗ, анемия имеется более чем у 2 млрд. жителей планеты. Заболевание приводит к задержке роста и развития детей, снижению иммунологической резистентности растущего организма и функциональным расстройствам со стороны внутренних органов. Особо следует отметить негативное влияние гемической гипоксии и сидеропении на функциональную активность сердца и сосудов.

Цель. Изучение компенсаторных возможностей сердечно-сосудистой системы у детей, страдающих ЖДА.

Материал и методы. У 54 пациентов детского возраста исследована физическая работоспособность по тесту PWC 170, а также проведено эхокардиографическое исследование в покое и во время выполнения физической нагрузки.

Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Тест PWC 170  показал, что у детей с ЖДА физическая работоспособность снижена независимо от степени тяжести заболевания. Исследование показателей центральной гемодинамики при умеренной физической нагрузке выявило отчётливое увеличение всех показателей центральной гемодинамики по сравнению с исходными данными. У больных со средней и тяжёлой степенью ЖДА как в условиях мышечного покоя,  так и при умеренной физической нагрузке, имеет место значительное увеличение основных показателей гемодинамики (МОК и СИ) по сравнению с показателями детей контрольной группы.

Выводы. Вышеизложенные данные указывают на нерациональное расходование функциональных резервов сердца и снижение компенсаторных механизмов сердечно-сосудистой системы у больных с ЖДА.
ВРОЖДЁННЫЙ БУЛЛЁЗНЫЙ ЭПИДЕРМОЛИЗ
Authors: Давлатова Сохира , Абдурахманова Ульяна , Лим Максим
Published: March 2023

Аннотация. В статье приведены данные клинического случая врождённого буллёзного эпидермолиза (ВБЭ) у новорожденного. Генетический дефект у ребёнка проявился генерализованным поражением кожи и её дериватов в виде образования обширных булл, эрозивных поверхностей, язв, местами с образованием корочек. Дефекты кожи больше локализовались  в области кистей и стоп, а также живота, спины, ягодиц, тазовой области. Имело место также  поражение слизистой полости рта и ногтевых пластин. Состояние ребёнка оценивалось как очень тяжёлое. Заболевание носило ундулирующей характер.

Специфического лечения ВБЭ не существует. Нередки летальные исходы из-за развития тяжёлой пневмонии, сепсиса, шока, дистрофии и других осложнений. Однако правильная, своевременная и комплексная симптоматическая терапия может в ряде случаев значительно улучшать состояние больного.
Medya Çalışmaları Bağlamında Dönüşen Hikâye Anlatıcılığı: Transmedya Hikâye Anlatısı
Authors: YILMAZ Melike Sinem
Published: March 2023

İnternet ve teknoloji sistemlerinde yaşanan gelişmeler, markaların durumunu ve tüketicilerin konumunu da değiştirmiştir. Yaşanan bu değişmeler “yeni medya”, “yakınsama kültürü”, katılımcı kültür” gibi birçok kavramı da beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu kavramlara bağlı olarak hikâye anlatısı geleneksel hikâye anlatı yapısından yeni bir anlatı formuna dönüşmüştür. Bu dönüşüm Henry Jenkins’in “transmedya hikâye anlatısı” kavramıyla açıklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2017 yılında Netflix’de yayınlanan 13 Reasons Why dizisi, transmedya hikâye anlatıcılığı bağlamında ele alınmış ve Henry Jenkins’in belirttiği, transmedya hikâye anlatısında bulunması gereken yedi prensibe göre incelenmiştir. Hikâye anlatıcılığının değişiminin beraberinde ortaya çıkan transmedya hikâye anlatısı merkezde olmak üzere medya çalışmalarında dönüşen hikâye anlatıcılığını tespit etmeye yönelik yapılan bu çalışmada; çağın gereksinimleri ve tüketicinin ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda dijital hikâye anlatımlarının tercih edildiği, transmedya hikâye anlatısının marka/ ürün ve tüketici bağını güncel tutmak için sıklıkla kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Impoliteness in Modern Taarab Music
Authors:   University of Nairobi, Chacha Lilian , Habwe John
Published: March 2023

This paper is about impoliteness in modern taarab music. It focuses mainly on impoliteness strategies occasionally used by some artists of selected modern taarab music on the island of Zanzibar and mainland Tanzania; where politeness is culturally embedded. Although taarab music is composed, played and performed across the East African coast, we selected taarab from Zanzibar island and mainland Tanzania for this study because these regions are arguably the hub of modern styles, innovations, presentations, performances and singing of taarab music. Data for this study were obtained from YouTube where some lyrics from modern taarab were purposively selected for analysis. We selected a sample of eight taarab songs that we thought were representative in answering the question of impoliteness in taarab music. The data were qualitatively analysed using Culpeper’s (1996) impoliteness model. It was found that modern taarab music is a highly dialogic and interactive sub-genre which is sensational, has specialised lyrics and employs some impoliteness strategies for contestation, open correction, rivalry and grandstanding between fellow artists and their audience. Only four mega strategies were observed in the data, namely positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm and bald on record, with withhold politeness missing. Some of the impoliteness sub-strategies that were observed in modern taarab are ridicule, admonishing, open threats, segregation, exhibitionism, boasting, and teasing, blaming and name-calling.
Ushairi wa Simu Tamba wa Waswahili wa Pwani ya Kenya
Authors: Timammy Rayya , Habwe John
Published: March 2023

Katika makala hii tunajadili jinsi simu tamba inavyotumika kama nyenzo katika uandishi, ukuzaji na usambazaji wa ushairi miongoni mwa Waswahili wa Pwani ya Kenya na hatimaye watu wengine kote ulimwenguni. Ili kutimiza malengo haya tumetumia dhana ya utandawazi kama dhana changanuzi na vilevile Nadharia ya Kisosholojia ya Kiuhakiki lli kuchambua masuala ya kimaudhui ya ushairi wa simu tamba. Data ya utafiti huu imekusanywa kutokana na kutangamana na jumuiya ya Waswahili wa Pwani ya Kenya kupitia simu tamba. Mmoja wa waandishi wa kazi hii pia ni Mswahili wa Pwani ya Kenya na mshiriki katika mitagusano hii ya ushairi wa simu tamba. Katika kazi hii tumeangazia maudhui ya ushairi wa simu tamba miongoni mwa Waswahili wa Pwani ya Kenya na vilevile kuonesha baadhi ya mitindo inayopendelewa katika ushairi huu. Imebainika kuwa maudhui ya ushairi wa simu tamba katika eneo la Pwani ya Kenya yanahusu salamu za kutakiana heri siku ya Ijumaa na wakati wa mfungo wa Ramadhani. Masuala mengine ya kijamii yanayojitokeza ni yale yanayofungamana na ndoa, dini, uchumi na siasa. Imedhihirika pia kuwa mashairi ya simu tamba yanatungwa kwa kuzingatia kanuni za kijadi kama vile kuwa na urari wa vina, kupangilia shairi kwa kutumia beti, kuwa na mishororo iliyokadiriwa, na kuwa na urari wa vina na mizani. Mengi ya mashairi ya Waswahili wa Pwani ya Kenya ni ya muundo wa tathlitha na tarbia. Hata hivyo, kuna changamoto za kutunga na kuuendeleza ushairi wa Kiswahili kwa njia ya simu tamba kama vile ugumu wa kupangilia mishororo na hata vipande vya mashairi kwa namna inayofungamana na arudhi.
Usawiri wa Unyanyasaji wa Kiuchumi dhidi ya Wanawake katika Riwaya ya Kiswahili
Authors:   Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, Mosha Ernesta S.
Published: March 2023

Makala hii inajadili unyanyasaji wa kiuchumi kwa wanawake kama ulivyosawiriwa katika riwaya ya Kiswahili. Makala inatumia dhana ya vilongo zoeleka katika unyanyasaji wa wanawake ili kuweka bayana namna unyanyasaji wa kiuchumi unavyochochewa na mambo kama vile ubabedume na mila na desturi. Data za makala hii zimekusanywa kutoka katika riwaya teule tatu za Kiswahili ambazo ziliteuliwa kutokana na kusawiri aina mbalimbali za unyanyasaji wa kiuchumi kwa wanawake. Makala inabainisha namna vilongo zoeleka katika unyanyasaji wa wanawake vilivyotumika kuonesha jinsi baadhi ya wanaume wanavyofanikisha azma yao ya kuwanyanyasa wanawake kiuchumi. Aidha, makala imebainisha jinsi kilongo cha mfumo wa kijamii na ujifunzaji kitabularasa kilivyotumiwa na waandishi kuonesha kuwa wanaume wanyanyasaji hawana makosa kwa kuwa hawakufanya unyanyasaji huo kwa makusudi. Makala inaweka wazi kuwa usawiri wa aina hii una athari ya kuchochea unyanyasaji wa kiuchumi dhidi ya wanawake na kuimarisha mtazamo kuwa unyanyasaji wa aina hii ni jambo la kawaida na haliwezi kuepukika. Kwa upande mwingine, kilongo cha ukombozi wa binadamu wa kiharakati kimetumiwa kuonesha wazi kuwa baaadhi ya wanaume wanawanyanyasa wanawake kiuchumi kwa makusudi kwa hiyo wanastahili kuwajibishwa kutokana na unyanyasaji huo. Kwa kuwa riwaya zina nafasi kubwa ya kutambulisha njia mbadala za kukabiliana na aina mbalimbali za unyanyasaji, ikiwa ni pamoja na unyanyasaji wa kiuchumi, ni muhimu vilongo mbadala vikatumika katika riwaya ya Kiswahili ili kusaidia kubadili tabia za wanaume wanyanyasaji pamoja na mtazamo kuhusu unyanyasaji wa kiuchumi dhidi ya wanawake.
Uhusiano wa China na Afrika Mashariki kama Ilivyobainishwa katika Fasihi ya Kiswahili
Authors: Othman Wael Nabil Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

Makala hii inalenga kuangazia uhusiano wa China na Afrika Mashariki kama ilivyobainishwa katika fasihi ya Kiswahili. Ili kufikia lengo hilo, makala hii imegawanywa katika sehemu kuu tano. Sehemu ya kwanza ni utangulizi ambao unaonesha lengo la makala hii na data zake zilizokusanywa kutoka katika fasihi simulizi na andishi ya Kiswahili. Sehemu ya pili inafafanua Nadharia ya Uhistoria Mpya iliyotumika katika makala haya. Sehemu ya tatu inajadili historia ya uhusiano wa China na Afrika Mashariki, vipindi ulivyopitia na nyanja zake kwa jumla. Sehemu ya nne ambayo ndiyo kiini cha makala haya, inaeleza uhusiano wa China na Afrika Mashariki kupitia tanzu za fasihi ya Kiswahili. Sehemu ya tano ni hitimisho ambalo linaelezea kwa muhtasari matokeo ya uchunguzi wa makala hii.
Ubainishaji wa ‘Sura Mbili’ katika Methali za Kiswahili
Authors: Maitaria Joseph Nyehita
Published: March 2023

Tafiti mbalimbali zimewahi kufanywa kuhusu methali za Kiswahili. Tafiti hizo zimejikita mno kwenye fasiri za maana, fafanuzi, uainishaji na maelezo ya kijumla. Juhudi hizo za awali zinaashiria kuwa, methali za Kiswahili ni ‘jungu kuu’ na zinahitaji uhakiki na utafiti wa kina. Kutokana na umuhimu wake katika jamii, zimekuwa zikipokezwa kimuktadha kutoka kizazi kimoja hadi kingine. Kwa maana hii, zimekuwa ni vito vya kuhifadhi na kuwasilisha busara zinazojikita katika falsafa za jamii. Aidha, zimekuwa zikitumika zaidi katika ubainishaji na uelekezaji wa masuala muhimu ya jamii. Maelezo ya kijumla yamekuwa yakitolewa kuhusu methali hizo kwamba, ni ‘kauli fupi’ za kimapokeo. Huo ni uegemeo unaojikita kwenye sifa za kimuundo na kimaumbo. Mwelekeo huo hausaidii sana katika ubainishaji wa busara katika jamii husika. Kutokana na jinsi methali za Kiswahili zinavyotumiwa katika jamii, kuna namna mbili zinazojitokeza: ufupi na urefu wake. Nadharia ya Semiotiki imetumika katika kufafanulia sura hizo mbili kwa kuzingatia miktadha ya kijamii.
Dhima ya Kialami Pragmatiki ‘Hivi’ katika Mawasiliano ya Kiswahili
Authors: Kibiki Magreth J.
Published: March 2023

Makala hii inahusu dhima za kialami pragmatiki hivi katika mawasiliano ya Kiswahili. Data za makala hii zimekusanywa kutoka katika mazungumzo yanayofanywa katika vijiwe vya mamalishe, vipindi vya televisheni na kutoka katika soga za mtandao wa WhatsApp. Uchambuzi wa data umeongozwa na Nadharia ya Umuktadhaishaji ya Gumperz (1982) na kwa kutumia mbinu ya uchambuzi kilongo. Matokeo ya uchunguzi huu yanaonesha kwamba kialami pragmatiki hivi kina dhima tofautitofauti kinapotumiwa katika mawasiliano. Miongoni mwa dhima hizo ni kutumika kama kianzilishi cha swali, kusisitiza jambo, kunukuu mazungumzo, kuashiria wakati uliopo au muda si mrefu, kudokeza makadirio au kutokuwa na hakika ya jambo na kutumika kama kiolezi. Kwa ujumla, makala hii inadokeza kwamba lugha ya Kiswahili ina utajiri wa kimaana unaotokana na matumizi ya vialami pragmatiki. Hivyo, tafiti zaidi zinaweza kufanyika kuchunguza dhima za vialami pragmatiki vingine katika lugha hii.
Ulinganishi wa Motifu Zinazoibuliwa na Majagina Wawili Maarufu: Mfano kutoka Biblia Takatifu na Utendi wa Fumo Liyongo
Authors:   Chuo Kikuu cha KCA, Mwangi Jackson Ndung'u
Published: March 2023

Suala la motifu katika kazi ya fasihi ni la msingi kwani hubainisha kiwango cha mwingiliano wa vipengele mbalimbali vya kifasihi ili kuleta msisitizo, kukuza maudhui pamoja na kuendeleza dhamira mbalimbali. Makala hii imelinganisha motifu za mashujaa Fumo Liyongo na Samsoni. Uchunguzi wa mashujaa ulifanyika katika maktaba za umma na vyuo vikuu nchini Kenya. Sampuli iliyohusishwa ilikuwa ni majagina wawili ambao ni Samsoni kutoka katika Biblia Takatifu na Fumo Liyongo kutoka katika Utendi wa Fumo Liyongo. Kwa upande mwingine, uchanganuzi wa data ulihusisha mbinu ya kimaelezo. Isitoshe, uchanganuzi wa makala hii uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Ruwaza ya Shujaa iliyoasisiwa na Campbell (2004). Msukumo wa ulinganishi wa motifu za majagina hawa unatokana na madai kuwa majagina hutofautiana kutokana na tofauti za kitamaduni. Kwa majagina teule, hali hii ni tofauti kwa sababu, licha ya kuwa waliishi katika mazingira na vipindi tofauti, wanaonekana kuibua motifu zinazoshabihiana. Makala hii imewatathmini mashujaa hawa na kubaini kuwa wamefungamana na motifu za ujumbe, kuogofya na kustaajabisha, safari, kifo, hila na usaliti. Hivyo, matokeo ya uchunguzi wa motifu za mashujaa yamebainisha kuwa kwa kiwango kikubwa, motifu zao zinafanana na kuingiliana. Katika Utendi wa Fumo Liyongo, Fumo Liyongo alikuwa maarufu sana kutokana na vitendo vyake vya ajabu katika jamii alimoishi. Vilevile, Samsoni amedhihirika kama mtu wa ajabu na mwenye uwezo na mamlaka yanayomfanya aogopwe kutokana na matendo yake mengi ya kiuhalisiaajabu anayoyatenda.
Athari ya Muktadha katika Utunzi wa Kazi za Mathias Mnyampala
Authors:   Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, Kyamba Anna N.
Published: March 2023

Makala hii inakusudia kuchunguza athari ya muktadha katika utunzi wa kazi za Mathias Mnyampala. Hii inatokana na ukweli kwamba hakuna kazi ya fasihi inayoibuka katika ombwe. Kwa kawaida kazi mbalimbali hutungwa kwa kuzingatia miktadha anuwai kama vile wa kijamii, kisiasa, kiuchumi na kijiografia. Wapo watunzi wengi wa fasihi ya Kiswahili waliotunga kazi za fasihi katika nyakati tofauti, lakini miktadha ya utunzi wa kazi zao haijajulikana kikamilifu. Mmojawapo wa watunzi hao ni Mathias Mnyampala. Kwa ujumla, katika uwanja wa fasihi mtaalamu huyu amesahaulika katika uhakiki na uchambuzi wa kazi zake (Madumulla, 2011; Kyamba, 2018). Kadhalika katika uhakiki wa kazi za mtaalamu huyu muktadha wa utunzi umegusiwa tu na baadhi ya watafiti pasipo kufanya uchambuzi. Mulokozi (2017) anaeleza kuwa ni muhimu kuzingatia muktadha wa mwandishi katika uhakiki wa kazi ya kisanaa ili ieleweke kikamilifu. Kutokana na umuhimu wa suala hilo, makala hii inakusudia kuchunguza athari ya muktadha katika utunzi wa kazi za Mathias Mnyampala. Makala hii imetumia vitabu vinne vya ushairi. Aidha, makala imeongozwa na Nadharia ya Mwingilianomatini ya Julia Kristeva ya mwaka 1960 inayosema kuwa hakuna kazi ya inayoibuka katika ombwe. Kwa kutumia nadharia hii, tumebaini kuwa muktadha wa utunzi wa kazi za Mnyampala unaingiliana, unakamilishana na unategemeana na matini nyingine tangulizi.
Aina za Uongozi wa Kisiasa katika Riwaya za Kiswahili: Uchambuzi Linganishi wa Kusadikika na Rais Anampenda Mke Wangu
Authors:   Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, Kotey Daniel , Sosoo Felix Kwame
Published: March 2023

Makala hii inahusu uongozi wa kisiasa katika riwaya za Kiswahili. Riwaya zilizochaguliwa ni Kusadikika (1952), na Rais Anampenda Mke Wangu (2003). Hali ya uongozi wa kisiasa kabla ya uhuru inaelezwa kuwa ni tofauti na hali ya baada ya uhuru. Hii inamaanisha kwamba uongozi wa kisiasa kabla ya uhuru inawezekana kuwa tofauti na uongozi wa kisiasa baada ya uhuru. Kwa upande mwingine, inaelezwa kwamba hali ya uongozi haijabadilika toka kabla ya uhuru mpaka baada ya uhuru. Lengo la makala hii ni kubainisha aina za uongozi wa kisiasa zinazosawiriwa katika riwaya teule. Hii ni kwa sababu fasihi ni zao la jamii inayozungumza masuala mbalimbali ya jamii. Aidha, katika uandishi wa kazi za fasihi waandishi huakisi yale yanayotokea katika jamii ikiwamo suala la kisiasa. Ikiwa kulikuwa na tofauti au tofauti hizo hazikuwapo, je, ni kwa namna gani waandishi wa fasihi ya Kiswahili wameuonesha uongozi wa kisiasa katika vipindi tofauti. Hili ni wazo la msingi lililotuchochea kujadili suala la uongozi wa kisiasa katika riwaya teule. Aidha, riwaya hizi zilichapishwa katika vipindi mahususi vya uongozi, yaani kabla ya uhuru na baada ya uhuru. Uchunguzi huu ulijikita katika aina za uongozi wa kisiasa zilizoshughulikiwa na waandishi katika riwaya teule. Nadharia ya Ubaadaukoloni iliyoasisiwa na Edward Said mwaka 1978 imetumika katika uchambuzi wa data. Msingi wake unaeleza kuwa uhusiano kati ya jamii mbili, yaani watawaliwa na watawala ulianzisha jamii ya ubaadaukoloni na historia inaeleza vizuri kuhusu jamii hizi. Tuliongozwa na msingi huu kubainisha aina za uongozi wa kisiasa katika riwaya teule ambazo ni uongozi wa kisiasa wa kijadi na uongozi wa kisiasa wa kisasa.
When an Ethnic Language Sneaks into the Tanzanian Rural Secondary School Classroom: How Teachers and Learners Perceive Multilingualism
Authors: Mwaipape Joshua , Mapunda Gastor
Published: March 2023

Most African countries have adopted the languages of ex-colonial masters as media of instruction (MoI). In Tanzania, English has remained the sole MoI from secondary to post-secondary education despite the endemic multilingualism in the country. Such a monolingual tendency in a multilingual setting has raised debates on how learners manage their studies through English, a language which is scarcely used in their everyday conversation. Thus, the current paper investigates learners’ strategic use of ethnic languages (EL) Nyakyusa and Swahili in the learning of the English language and other selected subjects. It also examines teachers’ and learners’ attitudes to the use of ethnic languages in the teaching and learning process in Tanzanian rural secondary schools. The study was carried out in Kyela District, Mbeya Region, among Form One and Form Two students whose first language is Nyakyusa, but who also use Swahili often when talking to peers at home and around the school compound. We used classroom observation and focus groups to collect data. The analysis revealed that some learners made use of Swahili and Nyakyusa for a number of reasons, including seeking assistance from fellow students whenever they came across a new English word/expression in the classroom. We also found that teachers and students reacted differently to the use of languages other than English in the classroom. While students believed that they would not be able to learn anything if their language was completely unused in the class, teachers believed that the use of Nyakyusa and Swahili was inappropriate. Consequently, teachers controlled learners’ use of Swahili and Nyakyusa in the class and around the school.
Miaka 60 ya Ufundishaji wa Kiswahili nchini China
Authors:   Chuo Kikuu cha Lugha za Kigeni cha Beijing, Lei Zhao
Published: March 2023

Kozi ya Kiswahili ilianza kufundishwa nchini China tangu mwaka 1960. Katika miaka 60 iliyopita, kozi hiyo imepitia kipindi cha ukuaji (1960-1977), kipindi cha mdororo (1978-1999) na kipindi cha upanuzi (2000-Sasa) pamoja na mabadiliko ya kisiasa na kiuchumi ya ndani pamoja na uhusiano baina ya China na Tanzania. Makala hii imepitia historia ya ufudishaji wa Kiswahili nchini China kwa ujumla. Pia, imehakiki maendeleo na changamoto zake katika masomo, vitabu vya kiada, walimu na wanafunzi na kutoa mapendekezo ya kuukuza ufundishaji na utafiti wa lugha hii nchini China.
Examining Language Accessibility in the Linguistic Landscape of Tanzania: The Case of Labels on Pre-packaged Foods and Beverages
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Mdukula Paschal Charles
Published: March 2023

This study examined the language accessibility on labels of commercially produced pre-packaged foods and beverages in Tanzania, targeting local consumers, and its implication on information access. Being guided by Backhaus (2005) and Spolsky (2004) Sociolinguistic Framework, the study extends the scenery of research in the field of linguistic landscape (LL) that places the presumed reader(s) as key actors in analysing LL. The study analysed 129 photographic data (semiotic resources) from labels of pre-packaged foods and beverages collected randomly from six shopping locations in Dar es Salaam. It also interviewed 25 respondents. Findings revealed that two main languages, English and Kiswahili were observed on the studied pre-packaged food and beverage labels. However, it is English and not Kiswahili (the official and national language) which is mostly represented on labels of commercially produced pre-packaged foods and beverages in Tanzania. The majority of local consumers who are not proficient in the most preferred language on labels were reported to have difficulties in reading and understanding the information written on labels a situation that hinders their access to the information contained on labels.
Multiscale kinematics of action intention
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Center for Cognition, Action, & Perception, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45219-0376, USA, Corbin S.F.
Published: March 2023

Human motion contains rich contextual information about not only action, but action intention. In two experiments, we investigated whether the multiscale kinematic information that differentiates intentional actions is the same information to which observers attend when asked to observe an actor’s intended movement. To do so, we first recorded an actor’s movement kinematics while performing four different intentional sit-to-stand actions. Analyzing the differences in movement kinematics, we then identified the joints that contributed to differentiating the actions using principal components analysis and multinomial regression. Observers were then shown point-light displays of these movements and given a forced-choice task to select which action the actor intended to complete and were highly accurate at this task. We hypothesized that if perceptual information used to perceive action intention corresponds to the kinematic information that differentiates among the four possible actions, then observers’ gaze should center more on the joints identified in the movement analysis. This hypothesis was supported, suggesting that joint kinematics that differentiate possible actions are the same joint kinematics to which observers attend in order to successfully differentiate movement intentions in others.
Preconception diet and its relationship with hemoglobin in rural and urban women of San Francisco Cozoaltepec and Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca
Authors: Flores-García Merary , Cruz-Santiago Héctor , García-Baltazar Juan Antonio , Torres-Olivera Moisés Alberto , Ramírez-Figueroa Alma Delia , Ávila-Serrano Narciso Ysac , Rincon Soto Idana Beroska
Published: March 2023

Introduction: during pregnancy, pregnant women have nutritional needs that are calculated based on recommendations for non-pregnant women (preconception stage), as well as caloric needs, which depend on physical activity and development. One of the main problems with the diet is insufficient iron intake due to the increase in muscle mass and blood volume.
Objective: to describe the preconception diet of women with prenatal care and its relationship with hemoglobin in the rural area of San Francisco Cozoaltepec and the urban area of Puerto Escondido, belonging to the Oaxacan coast region.
Methods: to evaluate the nutrition of the preconception diet, the "Frequency of food consumption" questionnaire and the "24-hour recall" were used. To assess the hemoglobin level, the "first clinical record" attached to the medical record was taken.
Results: sixty pregnant women were included (25,83±0,92 years in the urban area and 26,03±1,18 years in the rural area, respectively). During the first stage of pregnancy, the hemoglobin concentration was within normal parameters, with greater significance in the rural area (13,24 ± 0,30 units).
Conclusion: the hemoglobin concentration in both study areas was within normal parameters; however, the value in the rural area is higher compared to the urban area, and this difference is related to altitude above sea level. An inadequate nutritional status was also observed in both populations
GELİŞEN HİBRİT SAVAŞ ORTAMINDA NATO-AB İŞ BİRLİĞİ
Authors: AYTUĞ H. Kutay , POZAN İ. Fatih
Published: March 2023

İnsanlık tarihi boyunca politik, askerî, siyasi, ekonomik ve diğer nedenlerle mücadele alanları oluşmuştur. Bu mücadele alanları kimi zaman savaşlara dönüşmüştür. Teknolojinin gelişmesi ve küreselleşme savaşan aktörlerin ve yöntemlerin de değişmesine neden olmuştur. Özellikle, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra, devletlerin ana aktör olarak görev aldıkları güvenlik ortamı yerini çok aktörlü (askerî birlikler, terörist unsurlar, yabancı savaşçılar, organize suç örgütleri vb.), daha az maliyetli ve istenen sonuca daha az sürede ulaşmayı amaçlayan, bulanık, hibrit savaş ortamına bırakmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hibrit savaş olgusunun Avrupa Birliği (AB) ile NATO iş birliğine etkisini incelemektir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada ilk önce hibrit savaş olgusu açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra, tarihsel arka planı, hibrit savaşın getirmiş olduğu değişimler, hibrit savaş ve Rusya örnekleri üzerinden anlatılmıştır. İzleyen bölümde AB’nin hibrit tehditlere yanıtı incelenmiştir. Daha sonra, hangi faaliyet alanlarında iş birliğinin artırıldığı incelenmiştir. İzleyen değerlendirme bölümünde iş birliği alanı NATO ve AB’nin yayımladığı raporlar, belgeler çerçevesinde incelenmiş, sonuç bölümünde bulguların değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda, gelişen hibrit savaş ortamında NATO ve AB’nin birbirinin alternatifi değil, aksine tamamlayıcısı olduğu ve NATO’nun tehditlere karşı kullanabileceği sert gücü ile ön plana çıkarken, AB’nin daha çok yumuşak gücü ile ön plana çıktığı değerlendirilmiştir.
TRABZON ÖRNEĞİNDE BİR FİNANSMAN UNSURU OLARAK MURÂBAHA UYGULAMALARI (1680-1700)
Authors: KISA Yavuz , TATAR Özcan
Published: March 2023

İnsanlar arasındaki ilişkilerde ekonomi ana belirleyici unsurlardan birisi olarak tanımlanabilir. Ekonomi olarak adlandırılan bu unsuru toplumdaki insanların temel ihtiyaçlarını giderebilmek için uyguladıkları farklı ilişkilerin bütünü olarak adlandırabiliriz. Ekonomik ilişkilerdeki karşılıklı değiş-tokuş, alış-veriş işlemlerinde en önemli unsur olarak parayı görmekteyiz. İcat edildiği dönemden günümüze kadar ekonominin temel ögesi olarak görülen para, dönem dönem karşılıklı borçlanma aracı olarak insanların yaşamlarında da yer alabilmekteydi. Ekonomi, insanların birbirleriyle nasıl etkileşime girdiğini belirleyen kilit bir unsurdur ve toplumların temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için kullandıkları ilişki türlerinden biridir. Ekonomik ilişkilerde para; karşılık değişim, alışveriş işlemlerini ve karşılıklı olan borcu bir araç olarak yönlendirir. Bu çalışmada Trabzon’da (Türkiye) 1680-1700 yılları arasında yaygın olarak kullanılan bir tür ekonomik borçlanma sistemi olan “murâbaha”yı incelemeye çalışacağız. Yine çalışmamızda örnekler kullanarak varlıklı insan ve kurumların belirli bir kâr yüzdesi karşılığında sermayelerini ihtiyaç sahiplerine nasıl yönettiklerini, harcadıklarını ve ödünç verdiklerini açıklayacağız. Nihayetinde sistemin bölgesel çatışmayı nasıl etkilediğinin yanı sıra kilit tarihsel figürleri de inceleyeceğiz. Çalışmamızın ana kaynağını bu dönemde tutulmuş olan mahkeme kayıtlarını içeren Trabzon Şerʽiyye Sicilleri oluşturmaktadır.
XVIII. YÜZYILDA OSMANLI DEVLETİ İLE RUSYA ARASINDA YAŞANAN TAHIL TİCARETİ SORUNU (1768-1792)
Authors: KUZUCU Serhat
Published: March 2023

Osmanlı, Ön Asya, Avrupa ve Afrika gibi dünyanın en eski kıtalarına yayılmış büyük imparatorluktu. Bu coğrafyalar aynı zamanda dünyanın en önemli ticaret merkezleri olan Akdeniz ve Karadeniz’e ev sahipliği yapmaktaydı. Bu iki ticaret merkezinin tartışılmaz lideri konumunda olan Osmanlılar, yüzyıllar boyunca birçok devletle bu sayede ticari münasebetler kurmuştu. Bu devletlerden biri olan Rusya ile olan ticari ilişkileri ise ilk kez XV. Yüzyılda başladı. Rus Çarı III. İvan’ın ikili ticari ilişkileri düzene sokmak adına elçilerini İstanbul’a göndermesiyle başlamış oldu. Bu evre iki ülke arasında dostluk ve dayanışma dönemi olarak anıldı. Bu dönemden sonra iki ülke ilişkileri sürekli bir mücadele ve savaş ortamında geçmeye başladı. Özellikle Rusların yayılma ve genişleme politikasının merkezinde Karadeniz ve Akdeniz havzasının olması bunda en önemli etkendi. Ruslar, Osmanlılara karşı kazandıkları her savaş sonları imzalanan antlaşmalara ticari açıdan yeni imtiyazlar içeren maddelerde ekleterek ticaret ağını genişletmekteydi. Ruslar, bu şekilde XVIII. yüzyılın sonuna dek Osmanlı aleyhinde sınırlarını genişlettikleri gibi Karadeniz’den Akdeniz’e kadar Osmanlı karasularında serbest ticaret hakkını da elde ettiler. Bu çalışma; Osmanlı Devleti ve Rusya arasında XVIII. yüzyılda yaşanan ticari sorunlar başta olmak üzere, Osmanlı tarihi araştırmalarının ana kaynakları olan arşiv vesikaları ve bu alanda yapılmış diğer tetkik eserlerden faydalanılarak, hazırlanmıştır.