bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MANDIBULAR SHAPE IN OPEN BITE EARLY TREATMENT RELAPSE: A GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Paoloni Valeria , Lugli Letizia , Danesi Carlotta , Cozza Paola
Published: April 2022

Background: To evaluate the mandibular shape differences between a group of success and a group of failure Anterior Open Bite malocclusion early orthodontic treatment in growing subjects, in order to identify mandibular features of relapse. Methods: 23 patients (7 males, 16 females, 9.3 years ± 1,5 years) were enrolled from the Department of Orthodontics at the University of XXXXXXX. Inclusion criteria were: white ancestry, OVB<0 mm, mixed dentition phase, cervical skeletal maturation CS1-CS2, no previous orthodontic treatment, no congenital diseases. Pre-treatment (T1) lateral cephalograms were acquired. Each patient underwent early orthodontic treatment with Rapid Maxillary Expander (RME) and Bite Block (BB) or Quad-Helix Crib (QHC) until open bite correction. Radiographic records were recollected at T2 (permanent dentition, skeletal cervical maturation CS3-CS4). Mean interval time T2-T1 was 4.2 years. According to treatment stability, a Relapse Group (RG, 11 subjects) and a Success Group (SG, 12 subjects) were identified. Mandibular cephalometric measurements were analysed and mandibular Geometric Morphometric analysis (GMM) was applied. Intergroup statistically significant differences were found using student’s t-tests. Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed for the GMM. Results: At T1 no statistically significant differences were found between RG and SG, however higher values of antegonial notch depth were found in RG. T2-T1 comparison showed in RG statistically significant increases in Co-Gn (p=0.04), NGo^GoMe angle (p=0.01) and antegonial notch depth (p=0,04). PC1 confirmed the increase in the antegonial notch depth in RG when compared to SG at T2. Conclusions: The increased mandibular length, the increased inferior gonial angle and the increased antegonial notch depth can be considered features of relapse in early orthodontic treatment in open bite growing subjects.
Effects of ALT-801, a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist, in a translational mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Nestor John J , Parkes David , Feigh Michael , Suschak John , Harris. M Scott
Published: April 2022

Body weight loss of ≥ 10% improves the metabolic derangements and liver disease in the majority of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients, suggesting metabolic modulators may be effective in controlling disease. The pharmacodynamics of ALT-801, a GLP-1/glucagon receptor dual agonist optimized for NASH and weight loss, were compared to semaglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) and elafibranor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, PPAR-α/δ, agonist) in a biopsy-confirmed, diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of NASH (DIO-NASH). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed Amylin Liver NASH (AMLN) diet for 32 weeks. Animals with biopsy-confirmed steatosis and fibrosis received ALT-801, semaglutide, elafibranor, or vehicle daily for 12 weeks while maintained on the AMLN diet. Study endpoints included body and liver weight, liver and plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides, plasma aminotransferases, histological analysis of liver steatosis, inflammation (galectin-3) and fibrosis (collagen type 1 alpha 1), and evaluation of individual animal changes in composite Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score (NAS) and fibrosis stage. ALT-801 demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (approx. 25%), plasma aminotransferases, plasma total cholesterol and liver triglycerides/total cholesterol in conjunction with improved liver steatosis, with greater reductions (p < 0.05) compared to semaglutide and elafibranor. ALT-801 significantly reduced the inflammation marker galectin-3 and the fibrosis marker collagen type 1 alpha 1 vs. vehicle (p < 0.05), with ALT-801 producing greater reductions in galectin-3 vs. elafibranor (p < 0.05). Importantly, all animals treated with ALT-801 significantly improved composite NAS compared to the active controls. This study provides evidence for a potential role for ALT-801 in the therapeutic treatment of NASH.
The Past of Our Storefront Future: A Century of Post-Transactional Storefront Transformations in The Hague's Urban Core
Authors: Kickert Conrad
Published: April 2022

The transformation of storefronts to post-transactional functions has a much longer history than contemporary debates may suggest. Especially in urban environments, the number of physical retail establishments has declined almost constantly since records began nearly a century ago,
allowing us to learn from the transformation of the storefronts this decline has left behind. This article explores how storefronts have transformed into post-transactional functions over the past century in the urban core of The Hague, one of the largest cities in The Netherlands and the
country's seat of government. Firstly, it explores, through archival study, the forces behind The Hague's storefront retail decline, from legislation meant to curb independent retailers to urban renewal eff orts. Similarly, archival research illustrates that The Hague has a decades-long tradition
of acknowledging and proactively planning for post-transactional storefront futures. Secondly, a comparison between a 1911 storefront database with that of 2017 demonstrates that about a fifth of storefronts have changed to a post-transactional use. The majority of transformations yielded
dwellings, followed by offices, parking, vacancy and medical and wellness uses. Many of these new uses have spurred the creative economy of The Hague, illustrating the resilient urban value of storefronts beyond merely hosting consumer transactions.
A Poluição oceânica por plástico e as políticas públicas brasileiras relacionadas ao objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável 14
Authors: Scoton Samira , de Castro Gabriela , Vidal Daniel
Published: April 2022

Amazônia Azul é a área sob jurisdição brasileira no oceano e, nesse trabalho, objetivou-se estudar a poluição por plástico nesse recorte geográfico. Para isso, foi feito a definição de plástico, analisado alguns de seus principais impactos no meio marinho e apresentado seu ciclo de vida. Por ser um material de alta durabilidade e de fácil dispersão, acaba por impactar diversas regiões do globo, em termos econômicos, sociais e ambientais, demonstran- do a relevância desse tema. Ademais, o advento da Agen- da 2030 e da Década da Ciência Oceânica comprovam a tempestividade desse tema, visto que ambas se relacio- nam ao oceano. Para essa pesquisa, utilizou-se metodo- logia qualitativa, fazendo-se uma pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e documental, visando analisar os documen- tos norteadores de políticas públicas brasileiras relacio- nados ao tema, e a base de dados disponibilizada pelo sistema das Nações Unidas. Observou-se, por meio dessa pesquisa, que o Brasil não se encontra entre os maiores importadores ou exportadores de plástico, tampouco en- tre os que mais descartam esse material no oceano, en- tretanto, é necessário o desenvolvimento de metodologia própria para a construção dos próprios dados, os quais se mostram desatualizados e insuficientes.
Development of methods of chemical and toxicological analysis of Rifabutin in objects of biological origin
Authors: Svetlana S. Konovalova , Elena A. Illarionova
Published: April 2022

Objective: to develop a technique for isolating and identifying rifabutin for chemical and toxicological analysis from biological material. Materials and methods. The substance rifabutin, capsules Farbutin containing rifabutin 150 mg, ethyl alcohol 95%, hydrochloric acid solution 0.1 M, sodium hydroxide solution 0.1 M, purified water, ammonia solution 10%, solutions of ammonium sulfate 20%, ammonium sulfate saturated, sodium sulfate 5%, sodium sulfate saturated, sodium chloride 20%, sodium chloride saturated were used for analysis. Organic solvents: benzene, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, toluene, chloroform, ethyl acetate. The pH was determined using a universal ionometer It-1101. Isolation was carried out by liquid-liquid extraction, detection and quantification by spectrophotometric method in the ultraviolet region. The optical density was measured using a SF-2000 spectrophotometer in cuvettes with a layer thickness of 1 cm. Results. In the course of the study, the optical properties of rifabutin, and absorption spectra characterized by two absorption bands at 231±2 nm and 279±2 nm were studied, ethyl alcohol 95% and hydrochloric acid solution 0.1 M, concentration 0.002% as optimal solvents were determined. The effect of various factors on the extraction of rifabutin from aqueous solutions has been experimentally studied. The highest degree of extraction is achieved by dichloromethane at pH 2, in the presence of sodium chloride saturated solution, once for 3 minutes. Conclusion. Methods of isolation and quantitative determination of rifabutin by UV spectrophotometry in extracts from biological fluids and organs have been developed.
Morphological and anatomical study of Chrysaspis aurea leaves
Authors: Irina L. Drozdova , Daria D. Bogoslovskikh
Published: April 2022

The genus Chrysaspis Desv. of Fabaceae family includes about 20 species distributed in Europe, Central Asia, Western Asia and Africa. There are four species growing in Russia, of which Chrysaspis aurea (Poll.) Greene (Trifolium aureum Pollich) is the most common. This species is widely used in traditional medicine of different countries as a general tonic, for pain syndrome (headaches), dizziness. However, the pharmacopoeia article for medicinal plant raw materials has not been approved. The possibility of using a new species in scientific medicine makes it necessary to study the morphological and anatomical structure of the Chrysaspis aurea. Objective: to conduct a macro-and microscopic study of the structure of the of Chrysaspis aurea leaves; to identify and characterize the signs that are of differential importance in the diagnosis of raw materials. Materials and methods. The study of morphological and anatomical features of Chrysaspis aurea leaves was carried out in accordance with the articles of the state Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition. Fresh-picked, dried, and fixed raw materials were used for the study. Results. For the first time, macro- and microdiagnostic signs of Chrysaspis aurea leaves were described. Conclusion. For the first time macroscopic and microscopic features of Chrysaspis aurea leaves were identified and described, which can be used to determine the authenticity of raw materials, as well as to develop the sections «External signs» and «Microscopic signs» of modern regulatory documentation.
Establishment of a High Content Image Platform to Measure NF-κB Nuclear Translocation
in LPS-induced RAW264.7 Macrophages for Screening Anti-inflammatory
Drug Candidates
Authors: Zhang Yan-Yu , Yao Yun-Da , Cheng Qi-Qing , Huang Yu-Feng , Zhou Hua
Published: April 2022

Background:

High content image (HCI), an automatic imaging and analysis system, provides a fast drug
screening method by detecting the subcellular distribution of protein in intact cells.

Objective:

This study established the first standardized HCI platform for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced
RAW264.7 macrophages to screen anti-inflammatory compounds by measuring nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear
translocation.

Method:

The influence of the cell passages, cell density, LPS induction time and concentration, antibody dilution,
serum, dimethyl sulfoxide, and analysis parameters on NF-κB nuclear translocation and HCI data quality was optimized.
The BAY-11-7085, the positive control for inhibiting NF-κB, and the Western blot assay were separately
employed to verify the stability and reliability of the platform. Lastly, the effect of BHA on NO release, iNOS expression,
IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was detected.

Results:

The optimal conditions for measuring NF-κB translocation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by HCI were
established. Cells that do not exceed 22 passages were seeded at a density of 10 k cells/well and pretreated with
compounds following 200 ng/mL LPS for 40 min. Parameters including the nuclear area of 65 μm2, cell area of 80
μm2, collar of 0.9 μm, and sensitivity of 25% were recommended for image segmentation algorithms in the analysis
workstation. Benzoylhypaconine from aconite was screened for the first time as an anti-inflammatory candidate by
the established HCI platform. The inhibitory effect of benzoylhypaconine on NF-κB translocation was verified by
Western blot. Furthermore, benzoylhypaconine reduced the release of NO, inhibited the expression of iNOS, and
decreased the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.

Conclusion:

The established HCI platform could be applied to screen anti-inflammatory compounds by measuring
the NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.
Recent Advances in the Applications of Green Synthesized Nanoparticle
based Nanofluids for the Environmental Remediation
Authors: Sonawane Shriram S. , Thakur Parag P. , Malika Manjakuppam , Ali Hafiz Muhammad
Published: April 2022

With the ever-growing importance of green technology, the utilization of inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles and their nanofluids against microorganisms are garnered more attention than that of organic metal oxides in recent years. Therefore, the utilization of safer, energy and cost-effective natural raw materials, stabilizing agents, and solvents are the fundamental considerations of the greener process. Due to the unique properties, larger surface area to volume ratio, higher stability and selective toxicity towards the microbial pathogens, ZnO, TiO2 and silver nanoparticles are considered to be environment friendly and cost-effective antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, amine-based silica nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes are used for the carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide separation. The review is mainly focused on the green synthesis of the various nanoparticles to form nanofluids and their application in environmental remediation. In this light, the current paper briefly summarizes the preparation methods and the prospective environmental remediation applications of various nanofluids in the field of microorganisms controlling mechanisms, wastewater treatment methods and harmful gaseous removal methods.
EGF/EGFR Promotes Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cell Malignant
Neural Invasion via Activation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK Signaling
Authors: Ren Yixiong , Hong Yonglong , He Wenting , Liu Yakun , Chen Wenge , Wen Sui , Sun Moyi
Published: April 2022

Background:

Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is one of the most common malignant
cancers of the salivary gland, and 32.4-72.0% of SACC cases exhibit neural invasion (NI);
however, the molecular mechanism underlying the high invasion potential of SACC remains unclear.

Methods:

The present study investigated the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the
AKT inhibition- or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-induced NI and epithelialmesenchymal
transition (EMT) in SACC cells using EGFR, PI3K, and MEK inhibitors. SACC-83
cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay, and a wound healing assay was performed to evaluate
cell migration. Immunohistochemical staining with streptavidin peroxidase was used to detect the
positive expression rate of EMT, AKT, phosphorylated (p)-AKT, ERK, and p-ERK proteins. The impact
of EGFR, PI3K, and MEK inhibitors on tumor growth and NI was examined in a xenograft model
in nude mice.

Results:

EGF and EGFR are effective in increasing cell viability, migration, and invasion. SACC metastasis
is affected by the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways, both of which are initiated by
EGF/EGFR. The EMT and NI are regulated by the EGF/EGFR, PI3K/AKT, and MEK/ERK pathways.
The present findings demonstrate the importance of suppressed EGFR/AKT/MEK signaling in
NI in SACC by neural-tumor co-culture in vitro. Furthermore, our preclinical experiment provides
solid evidence that injection of EGFR, PI3K, and MEK inhibitors suppressed the tumor growth and
NI of SACC cells in nude mice.

Conclusion:

It was identified that inhibitors of EGFR, PI3K/AKT or MEK/ERK suppressed the proliferation,
migration, and NI of SACC-83 cells via downregulation of the PI3K/AKT or MEK/ERK
pathways. It was also demonstrated that inhibition of EGFR abolishes EMT in SACC by inhibiting
the signaling of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK. The present results suggest the potential effectiveness of
targeting multiple oncogenes associated with downstream pathways of EGF/EGFR, as well as potential
therapeutic targets to limit NI in SACC by PI3K/AKT or MEK/ERK inhibition.
Strategies for Treatment of Disease-Associated Dementia Beyond Alzheimer's
Disease: An Update
Authors: Khan Sabiya Samim , Khatik Gopal L. , Datusalia Ashok K.
Published: April 2022

Memory, cognition, dementia, and neurodegeneration are complexly interlinked processes
with various mechanistic pathways, leading to a range of clinical outcomes. They are strongly associated
with pathological conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia,
and stroke and are a growing concern for their timely diagnosis and management. Several cognitionenhancing
interventions for management include non-pharmacological interventions like diet, exercise,
and physical activity, while pharmacological interventions include medicinal agents, herbal
agents, and nutritional supplements. This review critically analyzed and discussed the currently
available agents under different drug development phases designed to target the molecular targets,
including cholinergic receptor, glutamatergic system, GABAergic targets, glycine site, serotonergic
targets, histamine receptors, etc. Understanding memory formation and pathways involved therein
aids in opening the new gateways to treating cognitive disorders. However, clinical studies suggest
that there is still a dearth of knowledge about the pathological mechanism involved in neurological
conditions, making the dropouts of agents from the initial phases of the clinical trial. Hence, a better
understanding of the disease biology, mode of drug action, and interlinked mechanistic pathways at
a molecular level is required.
The NLRP3 Inflammasome in Stress Response: Another Target for the
Promiscuous Cannabidiol
Authors: Hartmann Alice , Vila-Verde Carla , Guimarães Francisco S. , Joca Sâmia R. , Lisboa Sabrina F.
Published: April 2022

Many psychiatric patients do not respond to conventional therapy. There is a vast effort
to investigate possible mechanisms involved in treatment resistance, trying to provide better treatment
options, and several data points toward a possible involvement of inflammatory mechanisms.
Microglia, glial, and resident immune cells are involved in complex responses in the brain, orchestrating
homeostatic functions, such as synaptic pruning and maintaining neuronal activity. In contrast,
microglia play a major role in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cell death. Increasing
evidence implicate microglia dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. The mechanisms are
still unclear, but one pathway in microglia has received increased attention in the last 8 years, i.e.,
the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Stress response and inflammation, including microglia activation,
can be attenuated by Cannabidiol (CBD). CBD has antidepressant, anti-stress, antipsychotic,
anti-inflammatory, and other properties. CBD effects are mediated by direct or indirect modulation
of many receptors, enzymes, and other targets. This review will highlight some findings for neuroinflammation
and microglia involvement in stress-related psychiatric disorders, particularly addressing
the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Moreover, we will discuss evidence and mechanisms for
CBD effects in psychiatric disorders and animal models and address its potential effects on stress
response via neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome modulation.
COPD and Diabetes Mellitus: Down the Rabbit Hole
Authors: Covantsev Serghei , Corlateanu Olga , Volkov Stanislav I. , Uzdenov Rasul , Botnaru Victor , Corlateanu Alexandru
Published: April 2022

One of the important comorbidities that has a longstanding research history in COPD is diabetes. Although there are multiple studies on COPD and diabetes, the exact links between these two conditions are still controversial. The exact prevalence of diabetes in COPD varies between 2 and 37 %. The true nature of this relationship is complex and may be partially related to the tradi-tional risk factors for diabetes such as smoking, cardiovascular disease and use of steroids. Howev-er, COPD is a disease that has multiple phenotypes and is no longer regarded as a homogeneous condition. It seems that some COPD patients who overlap with asthma or the obese phenotype are at a particular risk for T2DM. The aim of this review is to analyze the prevalence, risk factors and possible interactions between COPD and diabetes mellitus.
Investigation of Antiparasitic Effects of Eisenia fetida Extract (Annelida, Lumbricidae) against Toxoplasma gondii: In vitro Study
Authors: Sobati Hossein , Pirestani Majid , Ghaffari Ali Dalir
Published: April 2022

Background:

Toxoplasmosis, which is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a widespread parasitic disease that affects approximately one-third of the world's population. Due to the significant side effects of anti-Toxoplasma drugs, it is necessary to acquire new drugs with low toxicity, high activity, cheaper and more effective.

Objective:

Earthworm has long been used as a therapeutic source of medicine in China and other parts of the Far East. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate of antiparasitic effects of Eisenia fetida extract against T. gondii in the Vero cell line.

Materials and Methods:

The effects of the extract on the parasite, Vero cell, and the parasitized cells were estimated by MTT assay in vitro. Apoptosis was also measured by flow cytometer in three groups of extract-treated parasites, extract-treated Vero cells, and extract-treated parasitic Vero cells, respectively.

Results:

The inhibitory effect of E. fetida extract and sulfadiazine was more than 85% and 65% on the parasite, respectively. Intracellular multiplication of the parasite in Vero cells during the 3 hours test showed a significant decrease compared to the 1-hour test (p<0.05). Flow cytometric analysis showed that with increasing concentration of E. fetida, apoptosis increased significantly (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

The results showed that E. fetida extract in vitro could have a significant antiparasitic effect against T. gondii.
Clinicians’ Attitudes Toward Telepsychology in Addiction and Mental Health Services, and Prediction of Postpandemic Telepsychology Uptake: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zentner Kristen , Gaine Graham , Ethridge Paige , Surood Shireen , Abba-Aji Adam
Published: April 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented uptake of telepsychology services; however, clinicians have mixed attitudes toward virtual technologies.

Objective

This study (1) explored clinicians’ experiences of and intentions to use video, telephone, and in-person services, and (2) tested the utility of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to predict clinicians’ intentions to offer telepsychology after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Clinician satisfaction and therapeutic alliance were compared across in-person, video, and telephone services, while technology attitudes and intention to use after the pandemic were compared across video and telephone services among 118 addiction and mental health clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Clinicians reported more positive experiences with in-person services than both virtual technologies; further, clinicians reported greater positive experiences, attitudes, and intentions to use video services than telephone services across measures. Based on the UTAUT, performance expectancy positively predicted concurrent intentions to use video services (β=0.46; P<.001) and telephone services (β=0.35; P<.001) after the pandemic. Social influence (β=0.24; P=.004) and facilitating conditions (β=0.19; P=.03) additionally predicted the intention to use telephone services.

Conclusions

Clinicians rated in-person services more positively than virtual technologies, with video services perceived more positively than telephone services. Performance expectancy was the primary facilitator of the uptake of both virtual modalities.
Patient-Generated Health Photos and Videos Across Health and Well-being Contexts: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Ploderer Bernd , Rezaei Aghdam Atae , Burns Kara
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Patient-generated health data are increasingly used to record health and well-being concerns and engage patients in clinical care. Patient-generated photographs and videos are accessible and meaningful to patients, making them especially relevant during the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, a systematic review of photos and videos used by patients across different areas of health and well-being is lacking.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to synthesize the existing literature on the health and well-being contexts in which patient-generated photos and videos are used, the value gained by patients and health professionals, and the challenges experienced.

METHODS

Guided by a framework for scoping reviews, we searched eight health databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science) and one computing database (ACM), returning a total of 28,567 studies. After removing duplicates and screening based on the predefined inclusion criteria, we identified 110 relevant articles. Data were charted and articles were analyzed following an iterative thematic approach with the assistance of NVivo software (version 12; QSR International).

RESULTS

Patient-generated photos and videos are used across a wide range of health care services (39/110, 35.5% articles), for example, to diagnose skin lesions, assess dietary intake, and reflect on personal experiences during therapy. In addition, patients use them to self-manage health and well-being concerns (33/110, 30%) and to share personal health experiences via social media (36/110, 32.7%). Photos and videos create significant value for health care (59/110, 53.6%), where images support diagnosis, explanation, and treatment (functional value). They also provide value directly to patients through enhanced self-determination (39/110, 35.4%), social (33/110, 30%), and emotional support (21/110, 19.1%). However, several challenges emerge when patients create, share, and examine photos and videos, such as limited accessibility (16/110, 14.5%), incomplete image sets (23/110, 20.9%), and misinformation through photos and videos shared on social media (17/110, 15.5%).

CONCLUSIONS

This review shows that photos and videos engage patients in meaningful ways across different health care activities (eg, diagnosis, treatment, and self-care) for various health conditions. Although photos and videos require effort to capture and involve challenges when patients want to use them in health care, they also engage and empower patients, generating unique value. This review highlights areas for future research and strategies for addressing these challenges.
Modeling Years of Life Lost Due to COVID-19, Socioeconomic Status, and Nonpharmaceutical Interventions: Development of a Prediction Model (Preprint)
Authors: John Jari
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Research in the COVID-19 pandemic focused on the health burden, thereby largely neglecting the potential harm to life from welfare losses.

OBJECTIVE

This paper develops a model that compares the years of life lost (YLL) due to COVID-19 and the potential YLL due to the socioeconomic consequences of its containment.

METHODS

It improves on existing estimates by conceptually disentangling YLL due to COVID-19 and socioeconomic status. By reconciling the normative life table approach with socioeconomic differences in life expectancy, it accounts for the fact that people with low socioeconomic status are hit particularly hard by the pandemic. The model also draws on estimates of socioeconomic differences in life expectancy to ascertain potential YLL due to income loss, school closures, and extreme poverty.

RESULTS

Tentative results suggest that if only one-tenth of the current socioeconomic damage becomes permanent in the future, it may carry a higher YLL burden than COVID-19 in the more likely pandemic scenarios. The model further suggests that the socioeconomic harm outweighs the disease burden due to COVID-19 more quickly in poorer and more unequal societies. Most urgently, the substantial increase in extreme poverty needs immediate attention. Avoiding a relatively minor number of 4 million unemployed, 1 million extremely poor, and 2 million students with a higher learning loss may save a similar amount of life years as saving 1 million people from dying from COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS

Primarily, the results illustrate the urgent need for redistributive policy interventions and global solidarity. In addition, the potentially high YLL burden from income and learning losses raises the burden of proof for the efficacy and necessity of school and business closures in the containment of the pandemic, especially where social safety nets are underdeveloped.
Where Opioid Overdose Patients Live Far From Treatment: Geospatial Analysis of Underserved Populations in New York State (Preprint)
Authors: Abell-Hart Kayley , Rashidian Sina , Teng Dejun , Rosenthal Richard N , Wang Fusheng
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Opioid addiction and overdose have a large burden of disease and mortality in New York State (NYS). The medication naloxone can reverse an overdose, and buprenorphine can treat opioid use disorder. Efforts to increase the accessibility of both medications include a naloxone standing order and a waiver program for prescribing buprenorphine outside a licensed drug treatment program. However, only a slim majority of NYS pharmacies are listed as participating in the naloxone standing order, and less than 7% of prescribers in NYS have a buprenorphine waiver. Therefore, there is a significant opportunity to increase access.

OBJECTIVE

Identifying the geographic regions of NYS that are farthest from resources can help target interventions to improve access to naloxone and buprenorphine. To maximize the efficiency of such efforts, we also sought to determine where these underserved regions overlap with the largest numbers of actual patients who have experienced opioid overdose.

METHODS

We used address data to assess the spatial distribution of naloxone pharmacies and buprenorphine prescribers. Using the home addresses of patients who had an opioid overdose, we identified geographic locations of resource deficits. We report findings at the high spatial granularity of census tracts, with some neighboring census tracts merged to preserve privacy.

RESULTS

We identified several hot spots, where many patients live far from the nearest resource of each type. The highest density of patients in areas far from naloxone pharmacies was found in eastern Broome county. For areas far from buprenorphine prescribers, we identified subregions of Oswego county and Wayne county as having a high number of potentially underserved patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Although NYS is home to thousands of naloxone pharmacies and potential buprenorphine prescribers, access is not uniform. Spatial analysis revealed census tract areas that are far from resources, yet contain the residences of many patients who have experienced opioid overdose. Our findings have implications for public health decision support in NYS. Our methods for privacy can also be applied to other spatial supply-demand problems involving sensitive data.
Perceived Unmet Needs in Patients and Caregivers Living With Advanced Bladder Cancer Using Data From Social Media in the United States (Preprint)
Authors: Renner Simon , Loussikian Paul , Foulquié Pierre , Arnould Benoit , Marrel Alexia , Barbier Valentin , Mebarki Adel , Schück Stéphane , Bharmal Murtuza
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer (aBC) has a very poor prognosis. However, few studies have assessed the unmet needs and burden of aBC from the patient and the caregiver perspective.

OBJECTIVE

To identify the main discussion themes and the unmet needs of patients with aBC and their caregivers through analysis of social media posts.

METHODS

Social media posts were collected between January 2015 and April 2021 from US geolocalized sites using specific keywords for aBC. The verbatim posts were analyzed to identify main discussion themes using biterm topic modeling. Difficulties or unmet needs were further explored using qualitative research methods by 2 independent annotators until saturation of concepts.

RESULTS

A total of 688 posts from 262 patients and 1214 posts from 679 caregivers discussing aBC were identified. Analysis of 340 randomly selected patient posts and 423 randomly selected caregiver posts uncovered 33 unique unmet need categories among patients and 36 among caregivers. The main unmet patient needs were related to challenges regarding adverse events (29.5%) and the psychological impact of aBC (21.1%). Other patient unmet needs identified were prognosis or diagnosis errors (9.5%) and the need for better management of aBC symptoms (9.5%). The main unmet caregiver needs were related to the psychological impacts of aBC (26%), the need for support groups and to share experiences between peers (15.8%), and the fear and management of patient adverse events (12.4%).

CONCLUSIONS

Social media posts from patients with aBC and their caregivers highlighted the emotional burden of cancer for both patients and caregivers. Additional studies on patients with aBC and their caregivers are required to quantitatively explore the impact of aBC on quality of life.
Social Media Use and Online Racial Discrimination Associated with Negative Psychological Outcomes of Asian Americans and Racial Groups: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the United States during COVID-19 (Preprint)
Authors: Layug Alyan , Krishnamurthy Samiksha , McKenzie Rachel , Feng Bo
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased social media usage has led to worsened mental health outcomes for many people. Moreover, due to the sociopolitical climate during the pandemic, the prevalence of online racial discrimination has contributed to worsening psychological wellbeing as well. With increases in anti-Asian hate, Asian and Asian American social media users may experience the negative effects of online racial discrimination in addition to reduced psychological wellbeing due to exposure to online COVID-19 content.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 related social media use and exposure to online racial discrimination during the pandemic on the mental health outcomes (i.e. anxiety, depression, and secondary traumatic stress) of Asian Americans compared to non-Asian Americans. Additionally, this study explored the mediating role of negative affect and the moderating role of racial/ethnic identification.

METHODS

An online survey was conducted through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and a university-wide research portal from March 3rd through March 15th, 2021. A total of 1147 participants took the survey. Participants’ social media usage related to COVID-19 and exposure to two online forms of racial discrimination (individual and vicarious), mental health outcomes of anxiety, depression, and secondary traumatic stress, racial/ethnic identification, negative affect, and demographics were assessed.

RESULTS

An online survey was conducted through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and a university-wide research portal from March 3rd through March 15th, 2021. A total of 1147 participants took the survey. Participants’ social media usage related to COVID-19 and exposure to two online forms of racial discrimination (individual and vicarious), mental health outcomes of anxiety, depression, and secondary traumatic stress, racial/ethnic identification, negative affect, and demographics were assessed.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that social media exposure continues to have a dire effect on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study helps to contextualize the rise of Asian American hate and its impact on mental health outcomes in the United States.
Medical students´ distance learning in online groups using an interprofessional virtual patient case (Preprint)
Authors: Tran Carrie , Toth-Pal Eva , Ekblad Solvig , Fors Uno , Salminen Helena
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Collaboration with other professions is essential in healthcare education in order to prepare students for future clinical teamwork. However, healthcare education still struggles to incorporate interprofessional education in the curricula. Distance learning and virtual patients (VPs) may be useful additional methods to increase students’ possibilities for interprofessional learning.

OBJECTIVE

The present study had two aims. The first was to assess if an interprofessional VP case can facilitate medical students` learning about team collaboration in online groups. The second was to assess how students experienced learning with the VP when remotely connected with their group.

METHODS

This was a mixed methods design. The VP case concerned a 73-year-old man who needed help from different health professions in his home after a hip fracture. Questionnaires were answered by the students before and directly after each session. Qualitative group interviews were performed with each group of students directly after the VP sessions, and the interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 49 medical students in semester five participated in the study, and these were divided into 15 groups with two to five students in each group who worked together with the interprofessional VP without the teacher’s guidance. In the analysis of the group interviews, we identified one theme – The interprofessional VP promoted student interaction and gave insight into team collaboration. Two categories were found: 1) The structure in the VP facilitated students´ learning and 2) Students perceived the collaboration in their remotely connected group as well-functioning and effective. The results from the questionnaires showed that the students had gained insights into the roles and competencies of other health care professions.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates that the interprofessional VP gave insights into team collaboration and increased the understanding of other professions among student groups comprised only of one profession. The interprofessional VP seemed to benefit students´ learning in an online remote learning context. Though our VP was not used as an interprofessional student activity according to the common definition of interprofessional education, the results imply that it still contributed to students´ interprofessional learning.
An Investigation on Cut Quality of Aluminum Matrix Composites Cut by Abrasive Waterjet
Authors: Arivazhagan R , Savio C Dominic , Aakash K , Abuthahir M Ahamed , Ganesh C
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Metal matrix composites are difficult to machine in traditional machining methods. Abrasive water jet machining is a state-of-the art technology which enables machining of practically all engineering materials. Abrasive water jet machining is a very efficient machining process which overcomes tool wear issues and cutting temperature issues. This experimental investigates a particular study performed on hybrid metal matrix composites prepared by AA6082 and reinforced 7.5% of TiB2 and 1% graphite in aluminum alloy and processed with abrasive water jets that are formed with garnet 80 mesh size. Particularly roughness average majorly influences with water jet traverse speed. Among interaction effects stand of distance is majorly influenced with geometrical properties except diameter error. Although developing the statistical models for predicting the machining characteristics and geometrical accuracy and the study carried out in this work would help to choose the parameters carefully. Keywords: Abrasive Waterjet Cutting, Abrasives, Metal Matrix Composites, Sand Casting
Comparative Study of Conventional Frame and Diagonally Intersecting Metal with Geometric Irregularities
Authors: Shah Manthan I. , Patel Vishal B. , Mevada Snehal V.
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Compare the performance of Diagrid structural system and chevron braced frame by using Staad pro software. To analyses the stability of structure in seismic zone according to comparison between bending moment diagram, shear force variation. The STAAD-PRO software is used to develop 3D rendering model and to carry out the analysis. The lateral load such as earthquake to be applied on the buildings are based on the Indian standards. The study is performed for seismic zone –IV (Delhi) as per IS 1893:2002 (Earthquake load). Keyword: Diagrid Structure, Conventional Frame, Tall Buildings, Lateral loads, Staad Pro
A Review on Dynamic Analysis of Outrigger Systems in High Rise Building against Lateral Loading
Authors: Kushwaha Vandana , Mishra Neeti
Published: April 2022

Abstract: In this research dynamic analysis of outrigger system was carried out for a 60-storey building having an overall height of 180 m. First of all, comparison of performance between single and multi-outrigger was drawn, then analysis was carried out on different outriggers such as X, V, Inverted V and shear wall. Outriggers were placed according to Taranto theory i.e. (1/n+1), (2/n+1), (3/n+1), (4/n+1) … (n/n+1) of height [30]. Frame with only shear wall core and other outrigger models were analysed in ETABS software and different parameters as Maximum Story Displacement, Maximum Story Drift and Story Shears was compared. By analysing all the models by dynamic analysis for Earthquake Load (Response Spectrum) and static analysis for Wind Load it was concluded that structure becomes more resistive to lateral load with increase in no. of outriggers. Between X, V and inverted V type steel outrigger, inverted V is most effective but when shear wall was used as an outrigger, it gave better results than steel outriggers. Also belt trusses or shear bands increases the effect of outriggers even more. Keywords: Outrigger System, ETABS, Dynamic Analysis, Static Analysis, Lateral Load
IoT Based Smart Factory Over the Cloud
Authors: Quazi Taiba , Khan Prof. Muzaffar
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Industry 4.0 is a huge step forward in the industrialization process. Modern environment industries are seeing fast growth in terms of performance capabilities and expectations for corporate clients and the industrial sector in recent years. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a cutting-edge and quickly expanding sector for network automation, data sensing, data mining, and control. These systems have a strong inclination to monitor and regulate various industrial processes. Because of its costeffectiveness and adaptability, IoT systems have been adopted and have applications in a variety of sectors. In this project, we're creating a prototype that features real-time AC motor control through a wireless network. Data may be saved, monitored, and then transported to cloud storage with the aid of this technology. Keywords: Industry 4.0, DC motor, automation, control
Mallahons Reign in the Kokand Khanat
Authors: Qobiljon Akbarov
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The article describes the internal conflicts in the Kokand Khanate in the middle of the 19th century, the coming to power of Mallahona, his internal policy, the struggle against the Bukhara Emirate and the Russian state, his diplomatic relations with the Khiva Khanate. Keywords: Kokand Khanate, Khudoyorkhan, internal clashes, Mallahon, Bukhara Emirate, Russian invasion.
Анализ экспериментальных данных по эмиссии вредных веществ из строительных материалов. ПВХ-линолеумы
Authors: Левин Евгений , Окунев Александр , Цешковская Елена
Published: April 2022

ПВХ-линолеумы выделяют во внутрижилищный воздух различные вредные летучие вещества, среди которых наибольшей вероятностью превышения ПДК, по опубликованным данным, обладают фенол, бензол, ксилол, толуол, триметилбензол и циклогексанон. В статье на основе экспериментальных результатов, полученных в НИИСФ РААСН, показана эмиссия вредных веществ, выделяющихся из ряда используемых на практике линолеумов. Приведены обобщённые данные, охватывающие линолеумы различных типов и различных производителей. Эмиссия представлена в виде удобной для использования на практике величины минимального безопасного вентиляционного воздухообмена помещений наружным воздухом на единицу площади поверхности линолеума. При таком воздухообмене по всей группе загрязняющих веществ, при условии их отсутствия в наружном воздухе, содержание в помещении каждого выделяемого вещества не превысит предельно допустимую концентрацию.
Зеленый континент – зеленая архитектура научно-инновационных комплексов
Authors: Дианова-Клокова Инна , Метаньев Дмитрий
Published: April 2022

В течение последних нескольких десятков лет в архитек­туре Австралии создавался национальный тренд, отличаю­щийся продвинутым рациональным экологическим подходом, энергоэкономичностью, взвешенным и прагматическим функциональным дизайном. В национальных научно-ин­новационных комплексах распространены исследования в областях биотехнологии, медицины, наук о Земле и Океане, экологии. В стране активно развиваются направления зелё­ной архитектуры, создана система определения энергоэффек­тивности как составной части устойчивости проектов (ABGR). Ведутся исследования, разрабатываются и апробируются современные технологии в областях сокращения отходов и вредных выбросов в атмосферу, уменьшения энергоза­тратности процессов. Это ведёт к интеграции принципов экологичности в проектных решениях. Пространственные решения научно-инновационных комплексов отличаются гибкостью, экономичностью, рациональным подходом. Раз­рабатываются различные приёмы пассивного энергодизайна, необходимые для плодотворной и эффективной творческой научной работы. Исследовательские пространства - откры­тые и транспарентные, климатические условия позволяют всемерно вовлекать природное окружение во внутреннюю и внешнюю организацию, что способствует общению и обога­щает образные решения объектов. Повсеместно организуются атриумы как зоны встреч и контактов, а также действенный механизм терморегуляции и естественного освещения внутреннего пространства. Эффективны такие приёмы, как группировка помещений по величине энергопотребления, использование возможностей конвекции, превалирующих направлений ветра. В числе энергосберегающих мероприятий - преобладающая ориентация остекления на северную сторону, вертикальное озеленение наружных ограждений, применение местных природных материалов, использова­ние прогрессивных систем контроля за состоянием среды, эффективных устройств электро-, водоснабжения и мусо- роудаления, локальных водоносных источников. Здания имеют собственное альтернативное энергообеспечение с использованием солнечной энергии,тепловых накопителей, подземных теплообменников. Большое значение уделяется обучению в сферах инновационных экотехнологий, новатор­ские приёмы которых становятся предметами демонстрации и просвещения населения.