bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal performance of glass facade under fire loading: a numerical approach
Authors: Perera R.G.S.S. , Ruwanmali J.H.A. , Thevega T. , Jayasinghe J.A.S.C. , Bandara C.S. , Dammika A.J.
Published: July 2024

Non-structural internal and external walls play a crucial role in high-rise buildings. Exterior walls contribute to the building’s aesthetic appearance and create a comfortable indoor environment against thermal and wind effects. Interior walls divide the space and minimize sound distractions while maintaining desired conditions. External walls are particularly important as the presence of combustible materials can pose a significant fire hazard. Hence, it is crucial to use materials with high thermal performance to mitigate risks. Glass is a commonly used material for external walls due to its transparency, affordability, availability, and sustainability. However, glass panels are susceptible to failure when exposed to heat due to their brittleness. Therefore, this study aims to assess the thermal performance of glass panels under fire by analyzing single, laminated, and insulated glass panels using ABAQUS finite element software. Through a parametric study using validated numerical models, the study identifies the optimal configuration for glass panels. The findings indicate that increasing the thickness of a single glass panel by 2 mm resulted in a temperature decrease of approximately 13.5%. Additionally, the impact of shape on thermal performance is studied by evaluating crack initiation time and temperature for various shapes with equal areas. The results show that rectangular panels exhibit the poorest thermal performance. Furthermore, the type of glass panel significantly influences thermal performance compared to shape and thickness. Insulated glass panels demonstrate superior performance compared to single and laminated glass panels. When investigating different insulation materials, krypton outperforms argon and air in terms of thermal performance. This study contributes to the advancement of fire-safety solutions in buildings by using a validated numerical model to identify critical parameters affecting the thermal performance of glass facades across various types and configurations.
Ergonomic assessment and gait analysis of a knee joint model with an active spring-reinforced centrally-rollable knee bypass support system
 
Authors: Ponram P. , Mythili C. , Selvakumar NC , Kumar A. Selwyn J.
Published: July 2024

Musculoskeletal issues can lead to severe immobility problems when not identified and addressed early. An ergonomic assessment and gait analysis of a novel knee joint model featuring an innovative active spring-reinforced centrally-rollable knee bypass support system was conducted in this work. The study employed computer simulations using human knee joint models integrated with the proposed knee support system. Gait parameters, joint angles, and muscle activations were assessed to evaluate the system’s effects on knee joint stability, impact forces, and gait mechanics during various activities. The knee support system notably improved knee joint alignment, lessened joint forces, and optimized muscle activation patterns. The knee bypass support system facilitated a natural knee roll during walking and running, ultimately enhancing gait efficiency and reducing joint stress. The study’s findings showcase improved biomechanics, which hold promising implications for injury prevention, rehabilitation, and overall performance enhancement. With the support system, dynamic changes in tendon forces during activity enhanced the knee joint stability and coordination, which will improve performance and injury prevention. Balance of forces during different activities also encompassed the joint stability. The knee support system demonstrates its potential to address musculoskeletal issues by enhancing knee joint stability and optimizing gait mechanics. This innovation could significantly contribute to minimizing immobility concerns and improving individuals’ quality of life.
The growth of local self-government in the peri-urban areas north of Johannesburg, 1939 to 1969
Authors: Carruthers E.J.
Published: July 2024

Irregular and rapid urbanisation became a feature of South Africa in the I920s and 1930s. The health problems presented by settlements on the periphery of towns and cities attracted the attention of the Union government, and in 1938 a committee was appointed to investigate the matter. One of the recommendations of this committee was that the peri-urban areas to the north of Johannesburg be subjected to some form of local government. The Peri-Urban Areas Health Board was established in 1943 to provide this. Three local area committees were created in this area: Northern Johannesburg, North-Eastern Johannesburg, and North-Western Johannesburg. Despite the practical benefits of its administration, the residents of these areas attempted on numerous occasions to secede from the control of the Peri-Urban Board. These efforts culminated in the foundation of Randburg in 1959 and Sandton in 1969.
Die ontwikkeling van die Brakpanse munisipale wapen 1920-1966
Authors: Nöthling F.J.
Published: July 2024

The municipal coat of arms approved by the Brakpan Town Council in 1920 was not of sound heraldic design. This, however, only became an issue when the Heraldry Society of Southern Africa called upon the Council to eliminate the heraldic defects in it, so that a badly designed shield should be excluded from a proposed exhibition of municipal coats of arms during the Union festival (1960). The Council nevertheless decided to retain its coat of arms. When a new building for the Transvaal provincial administration was erected, it was decided that only municipal coats of arms of sound heraldic design would be displayed in this building. Thus the Council was forced to reconsider its decision. After consultation with Heraldists the Council had new heraldic bearings designed, which were registered and approved in 1966. The new shield relates to the old coat of arms in so far as it also depicts mining as a factor in the establishment of the town.
The Grahamstown city hall - the tale of two foundation stones
Authors: Hunt K.S.
Published: July 2024

Municipal government was introduced into Grahamstown in 1837. It was almost fifteen years later, however, before the first serious attempts were made to acquire a city hall and offices for the Municipal Commissioners, although an unsuccessful plan to buy the Wesley Chapel for this purpose during 1851 had been mooted. In 1862 the City Council purchased a site with a view to building a city hall there. Meanwhile it had been decided to erect a jubilee memorial tower near that site to commemorate the Settlers of 1820. On 23 May 1870 the foundation stone of the Tower was laid. Another colourful event took place there when on 28 August 1877 Sir Bartle Frere, Governor of the Cape Colony, laid the foundation stone of the City Hall. At the beginning of May 1882 this suitable building – with its adjacent group of offices – was officially declared open. Later the same month the prominent Jubilee Memorial Tower was inaugurated with pomp and circumstance. Although these two architectural beacons of Grahamstown have in fact no connection with each other and had been established separately and individually, nobody today would think of them other than as a unit.
Swart verstedeliking: Proses, patroon en strategie
Authors: Oberholster A.G.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
They seek a city: Methodism in Grahamstown
Authors: Snyman P.H.R.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Raakpunte tussen streekgeskiedenis en pleknaamkunde
Authors: Oberholster A.G.
Published: July 2024

As language is one of the most important cultural relics of human societies of the past, historians should regard it as a valuable and many-sided source of information on the past. This is also true of place-names, perhaps more so. It is therefore natural that there should be points of contact and co-operation between toponymy and regional history. There are, however, practical risks in this cooperation if it is not based on sound scholarship. South African regional historians have not even begun to exploit toponymy, largely because they are ignorant of place-names as a source of information, and, secondly, because of their incompetence in retrieving the information they contain. Since place-names are very resistant to change, they sometimes survive for many centuries, carrying with them information on various matters, e.g. on the original settlers and those who moved in at a later stage, their race, language, and social traditions; on the original landscape, including fauna and flora; on historical events and personalities, and on cultural activities. In some instances place-names can be deceptive and lead the historian astray. He should therefore be wary of names that have no direct bearing on either the location or its inhabitants and of unsound interpretations of place-names.
Mariannhill monastery, 1882-1982
Authors: Brain J.B.
Published: July 2024

The Mariannhill monastery was established in 1882 on the farm Zeekoegat in Natal by the Trappist monks who, before any direct evangelization, cultivated the large and productive monastery farm and erected the necessary buildings. Formal mission work did not begin until 1884 and by 1898, with 185 monks, Mariannhill had become the largest abbey in the world. It was separated in 1909 from the Trappist order and became a separate missionary congregation known as the Congregation of Missionaries of Mariannhill. Today Mariannhill missionaries are at work not only in Natal, but also in the Transkei, Zimbabwe, New Guinea, and Brazil.
Kaias and cocopans: The story of mining in South Africa's Northern Cape
Authors: Snyman P.H.R.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Consolidación e impacto del neoliberalismo en Osorno durante la postdictadura chilena
Authors: Sepúlveda-Chávez Miguel
Published: July 2024

A partir de 1975, comienza en Chile el proceso de instalación del modelo neoliberal, lo cual trae consigo una serie de modificaciones y cambios en la sociedad chilena. A nivel general, estos procesos no han sido revisados de manera exhaustiva en territorios de una escala más bien local y/o regional, algo que permitiría enriquecer el debate en torno a los mismos. En este contexto la provincia de Osorno, debido a sus características histórico-sociales, se presenta a priori como un territorio de interés para revisar el proceso de consolidación del neoliberalismo en una escala local y su impacto en los grupos sociales que habitan el mismo. Es por ello que, a través de la revisión de la prensa local, específicamente El Austral de Osorno y algunos documentos oficiales, este trabajo pretende contextualizar el proceso de consolidación del neoliberalismo en la provincia de Osorno, Chile y su impacto en la sociedad osornina.
Construcción de vínculos en el trabajo flexible en Chile: Expectativas comunes y experiencias disímiles de trabajadores jóvenes del retail
Authors: Frías Pamela , Stecher Antonio
Published: July 2024

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio sobre los vínculos que construyen en sus espacios laborales los/as trabajadores jóvenes de la industria del retail en Chile, considerando tanto los procesos de cambio en las orientaciones culturales que han instalado nuevos ideales de horizontalidad y dignidad, como las nuevas exigencias y lógicas productivas de los modelos de gestión flexible. Se realizaron 30 entrevistas narrativas a trabajadores de bajo nivel ocupacional de tiendas de supermercado y por departamento, y a profesionales de las gerencias corporativas del retail. Los resultados dan cuenta de la fuerte y transversal presencia de dichos ideales en la relación con otros, así como sus tensiones producto de las características de los procesos de trabajo, la pervivencia de lógicas autoritarias y la fuerte asimetría de poder entre empresas y trabajadores. Se releva también cómo esos ideales comunes respecto a sus vínculos y las tensiones cotidianas que enfrentan adquieren características específicas en cada uno de los dos colectivos de trabajadores analizados.
Bienestar subjetivo en la ruralidad latinoamericana. Construcción de una narrativa bottom-up
Authors: Yáñez-Rojas Rodrigo
Published: July 2024

El artículo explora las dimensiones del bienestar en la ruralidad latinoamericana. Para ello, se analiza el concepto de bienestar y, a través de un enfoque metodológico bottom-up o desde abajo, que consiste en el involucramiento de las poblaciones estudiadas en la construcción e interpretación de los resultados que arrojan diferentes técnicas empleadas, como entrevistas, discusión de fotografías y talleres, se establece una narrativa del bienestar en cuatro territorios rurales en Colombia, El Salvador, México y Perú. Los resultados permiten establecer seis dimensiones comunes de una idea de bienestar rural: el trabajo y el capital como habilitantes del buen vivir; el desarrollo de infraestructura y acceso a servicios públicos; el patrimonio biocultural asociado al tejido social y al medioambiente; la igualdad de género; el espacio de la juventud en el territorio; y el reconocimiento e igualdad de trato. Los resultados son una contribución al debate sobre el bienestar a nivel regional.
Advances in immunotherapy of M2 macrophages and gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Wang Xiao-Ke , Yang Xin , Yao Tong-Han , Tao Peng-Xian , Jia Guan-Jun , Sun De-Xian , Yi Lin , Gu Yuan-Hui
Published: July 2024

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal-derived tumors of the GI tract. They can occur throughout the GI tract, and the survival time of some patients can be improved by first-line targeted therapy with imatinib. However, there are some limitations with imatinib treatment. Immunotherapy for GIST has attracted much attention in recent years, and as one of the most abundant cells in the GIST microenvironment, M2 macrophages play an important role in disease progression. They have unique anti-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic effects and are one target for immunotherapy. This review summarizes the connection between different factors and the programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1 pathway and M2 macrophages to reactivate or enhance anti-tumor immunity and improve imatinib efficacy, and to provide new ideas for GIST immunotherapy.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer
Authors: He Jing-Yang , Cao Meng-Xuan , Li En-Ze , Hu Can , Zhang Yan-Qiang , Zhang Ruo-Lan , Cheng Xiang-Dong , Xu Zhi-Yuan
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) significantly impacts the treatment and prognosis of early gastric cancer (EGC). Consequently, the precise prediction of LNM risk in EGC patients is essential to guide the selection of appropriate surgical approaches in clinical settings.

AIM

To develop a novel nomogram risk model for predicting LNM in EGC patients, utilizing preoperative clinicopathological data.

METHODS

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the correlation between clinicopathological factors and LNM in EGC patients. Additionally, univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the influence of clinical factors on EGC prognosis. A predictive model in the form of a nomogram was developed, and its discrimination ability and calibration were also assessed.

RESULTS

The incidence of LNM in the study cohort was 19.6%. Multivariate logistic regression identified tumor size, location, degree of differentiation, and pathological type as independent risk factors for LNM in EGC patients. Both tumor pathological type and LNM independently affected the prognosis of EGC. The model’s performance was reflected by an area under the curve of 0.750 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.701-0.789] for the training group and 0.763 (95%CI: 0.687-0.838) for the validation group.

CONCLUSION

A clinical prediction model was constructed (using tumor size, low differentiation, location in the middle-lower region, and signet ring cell carcinoma), with its score being a significant prognosis indicator.
Comprehensive serum proteomics profiles and potential protein biomarkers for the early detection of advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer
Authors: Tan Chang , Qin Geng , Wang Qian-Qian , Li Kai-Min , Zhou Yuan-Chen , Yao Shu-Kun
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases develop from precursor advanced adenoma (AA). With the development of proteomics technologies, blood protein biomarkers have potential applications in the early screening of AA and CRC in the general population.

AIM

To identify serum protein biomarkers for the early screening of AA and CRC.

METHODS

We collected 43 serum samples from 8 normal controls (NCs), 19 AA patients and 16 CRC patients at China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Quantitative proteomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and data independent acquisition, and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with P -values < 0.05 and absolute fold changes > 1.5 were screened out, followed by bioinformatics analysis. Prognosis was further analyzed based on public databases, and proteins expression in tissues were validated by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

A total of 2132 proteins and 17365 peptides were identified in the serum samples. There were 459 upregulated proteins and 118 downregulated proteins in the NC vs AA group, 289 and 180 in the NC vs CRC group, and 52 and 248 in the AA vs CRC group, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these DEPs had different functions and participated in extensive signaling pathways. We also identified DIAPH1, VASP, RAB11B, LBP, SAR1A, TUBGCP5, and DOK3 as important proteins for the progression of AA and CRC. Furthermore, VASP (P < 0.01), LBP (P = 0.01), TUBGCP5 (P < 0.01), and DOK3 (P < 0.01) were associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, we propose that LBP and VASP may be more promising protein biomarkers for the early screening of colorectal tumors.

CONCLUSION

Our study elucidated the serum proteomic profiles of AA and CRC patients, and the identified proteins, such as LBP and VASP, may contribute to the early detection of AA and CRC.
BCAR3 and BCAR3-related competing endogenous RNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and their prognostic value
Authors: Shi Hui-Qin , Huang Shu , Ma Xin-Yue , Tan Zhen-Ju , Luo Rui , Luo Bei , Zhang Wei , Shi Lei , Zhong Xiao-Lin , Lü Mu-Han , Chen Xia , Tang Xiao-Wei
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that has a high incidence and mortality worldwide. Despite extensive studies, the detailed molecular mechanism of HCC development remains unclear. Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of HCC are closely related to abnormal gene expression. BCAR3 has been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors. However, the role of BCAR3 in HCC remains unclear.

AIM

To investigate the expression of BCAR3 and BCAR3 -related competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in HCC and their clinical significance, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

METHODS

The data of HCC were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database and The Genotype Tissue Expression, including transcriptome data and clinical information. Multiple common databases, including UALCAN, Timer 2.0, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, starBase, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, were used to analyse the expression of BCAR3 , prognostic value, genetic alteration, co-expressed genes, differentially expressed genes, BCAR3 gene-related ceRNAs and functional enrichment analysis in HCC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to analyze survival prognosis and the Spearman test was used to measure correlations between BCAR3 and immune functions. And R language package was used to analyze the correlation between BCAR3 and immune invasion of HCC.

RESULTS

Our study indicated that BCAR3 was differentially expressed in various tumor tissues. The over-expression of BCAR3 gene was an unfavorable prognostic indicator for HCC patients, and associated with unfavorable cytogenetic risk and gene mutations. Moreover, most immune cells were positively correlated with BCAR3 (P < 0.05). According to the results of functional enrichment analysis, BCAR3 was involved in the positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway and ERBB signaling pathway, and was related to DNA replication and GTPase regulator activity. Finally, our study found that based on RAB30-DT and miR-19b-3p pathways, targeting BCAR3 might promote the occurrence and development of HCC.

CONCLUSION

Collectively, this study indicated that the BCAR3 gene was involved in the occurrence and development of HCC, and it might be a new biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC, but the specific mechanism remains to be further verified.
Glycolysis-related five-gene signature correlates with prognosis and immune infiltration in gastric cancer
Authors: Meng Xiang-Yu , Yang Dong , Zhang Bao , Zhang Tao , Zheng Zhi-Chao , Zhao Yan
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Glycolysis has been demonstrated to be pivotal for the carcinogenesis of GC.

AIM

To develop a glycolysis-based gene signature for prognostic evaluation in GC patients.

METHODS

Differentially expressed genes correlated with glycolysis were identified in stomach adenocarcinoma data (STAD). A risk score was established through a univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis. The model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves. RNA-sequencing data from high- and low-glycolysis groups of STAD patients were analyzed using Cibersort algorithm and Spearman correlation to analyze the interaction of immune cell infiltration and glycolysis. Multiomics characteristics in different glycolysis status were also analyzed.

RESULTS

A five-gene signature comprising syndecan 2, versican, malic enzyme 1, pyruvate carboxylase and SRY-box transcription factor 9 was constructed. Patients were separated to high- or low-glycolysis groups according to risk scores. Overall survival of patients with high glycolysis was poorer. The sensitivity and specificity of the model in prediction of survival of GC patients were also observed by receiver operating characteristic curves. A nomogram including clinicopathological characteristics and the risk score also showed good prediction for 3- and 5-year overall survival. Gene set variation analysis showed that high-glycolysis patients were related to dysregulation of pancreas beta cells and estrogen late pathways, and low-glycolysis patients were related to Myc targets, oxidative phosphorylation, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling and G2M checkpoint pathways. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells and multiomics analysis suggested that the different glycolysis status was significantly correlated with multiple immune cell infiltration. The patients with high glycolysis had lower tumor mutational burden and neoantigen load, higher incidence of microsatellite instability and lower chemosensitivity. High glycolysis status was often found among patients with grade 2/3 cancer or poor prognosis.

CONCLUSION

The genetic characteristics revealed by glycolysis could predict the prognosis of GC. High glycolysis significantly affects GC phenotype, but the detailed mechanism needs to be further studied.
Metachronous multifocal carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Wan Dan-Dan , Li Xiao-Ju , Wang Xing-Ru , Liu Tian-Xi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The incidence of multiple primary carcinomas (MPC) varies greatly, ranging from 0.73% to 11.70% in foreign countries, with duo-duplex carcinoma being the most common, trio-duplex carcinoma and above being rare, and simultaneous multigenic carcinoma being even rarer, accounting for 18.4% to 25.3% of the incidence of MPC. However, there is no report regarding patients presenting with simultaneous dual-origin carcinoma of the liver and colon and heterochronous pancreatic cancer.

CASE SUMMARY

We report a special case of multifocal carcinoma, in which one patient had a medical condition of primary liver and colon cancer and pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma 2 years after surgery. Through aggressive advanced fluorescent laparoscopic techniques, standardized immunotherapy, targeting, and chemotherapy, a better prognosis and a desirable survival period were achieved for the patient.

CONCLUSION

There is a need to clarify the nature of MPC through advanced surgical means to ensure better diagnosis and treatment.
Home Management of Febrile Convulsion among Ghanaian Parents with Children Under Five Years: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Yarney Lily , Baba Kwesi , Yawson Robert Mayfield
Published: July 2024

Febrile convulsion in children under five years is a common childhood problem, constitutes one of the causes of hospital admissions, and causes anxiety and fear among parents. Empirical information on the condition and how it is managed by parents in Ghana is scarce. This study was therefore, conducted to determine the 5-year (2018-2022) prevalence of the condition, knowledge, and home management of febrile convulsion among parents with children under five years, seeking healthcare for their children in the Holy Family Hospital, Berekum. A mixed method of data collection was used to collect data from 106 participants with interview questionnaires and focus group discussion (FGD) guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS (version 26) and descriptive statistics were used to interpret the findings. Qualitative data consisted of recorded responses from 2 FGDs, transcribed, and analyzed manually in tandem with the study objectives. The average prevalence of febrile convulsion on admission in the study facility was 2.8% for the 5-year period studied. 77.7% of the respondents had low knowledge on signs and symptoms of febrile convulsion. Causes of febrile convulsion according to participants ranged from elevated temperature (81.1%), inheritance (8.9%), evil spirit possession (6.7%) to no idea (3.3%). Home management of the condition included wiping affected child with water, application of herbal concoction, holding child’s legs up with the head down among others. Facility and home management of febrile convulsion are critical to the survival of the affected child. Thus, misconceptions on the causes, signs and symptoms and proper home management and need for facility intervention should be tackled through mass education of parents. Hospital management should also collaborate with media houses to disseminate effective educational information on febrile convulsion and its management among the Ghanaian populace.
Synthesis And Characterization Of Optical And Structural Properties Of Inorganic And Green Leaf Doped Sno Thin Films Deposited Using Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: N Ukwu C , E Ekpe J , N Nwachukwu A , P Obot E , C Okafor O , O Daniel T , C Umunna J , B Otah P , J Robert B , A Elekwa C , J Ifeanyichukwu B
Published: July 2024

Dye-sensitized Nanohybrid ZnxSnyOz thin films were deposited on glass substrates using spray pyrolysis method. The dye extract from the leaves of tectona grandis was used.  A concentration of 0.1M of Zn2+ and 1% was used respectively. Depositions were carried out at different substrate temperature of 50oC, 100oC, and 150oC. The effect Zn2+ ion and dye extract from tectona grandis leaves on optical and solid state properties of the films were examined and analysed. The result showed that the absorbance of the undoped SnO thin films at various substrate temperatures vary from about 0.1-0.7. The absorbance generally increased with deposition/ substrate temperature exhibiting a maximum for films deposited at 150oC. The average transmittance of both un-doped and Zn2+ doped SnO thin films at 350nm is above 90% regardless of the film thickness. The dye doped samples showed an improvement in optical transmission at 625nm. The reflectance spectra of all films exhibited a similar trend. Peak reflectance was observed at 350nm for un-doped and Zn2+ doped samples of SnO thin films while peak reflectance can be observed at 625nm for dye doped samples. It is also observed that the band gaps of the dye doped samples are lower: 1.55eV- 1.83eV than those of the Zn2+ doped samples: 1.60eV – 2.20eV. This showed that the incorporation of the dye shifted the fundamental absorption edge of the un-doped SnO thin films thus providing tuning effect of the band gap for device applications. The diffractograms of SnO doped Zn are characterized by relatively low intensity for all the samples irrespective of the doping concentration compared to the un-doped SnO samples. Obviously, the doping of SnO with 1% dye extracts modified the XRD patterns of the un-doped SnO samples. Substrate temperature also affected the structural properties of SnO:dye sample depicting increase in intensity vis-à-vis crystallinity of the films with increase in substrate temperature. The results equally indicate that there was an increase in the grain sizes that resulted in a decrease in energy badgap of the samples.
Comparative Cost-Benefits Analysis Among Rain-Fed And Irrigated Sugarcane Production Farming Systems In Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: B O Oni , O S Balogun , T O Ademola , J A Aaron
Published: July 2024

Various interventions in agricultural production are aimed at maximizing agricultural revenue, and key enterprises to improve livelihood and reduce poverty. This study assessed cost and benefits of Rain-Fed Farming Systems (RFFS) and Irrigated Farming System (IRFS) of sugarcane production in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Using primary data collected in a three-stage purposive sampling procedure from a total of 231 sugarcane farmers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgetary techniques, Z-statistics, and Likert scale. The farmers mean age was 43 years with an average of 7 years of formal education. There were significant differences in the level of income with a profitability ratio of 1.14 RFFS and 1.85 IRFS respectively. The major constraints include inadequate capital and access to credit facilities, excessively high labour and transportation costs. The study recommends improved education and extension services to sensitize sugarcane farmers on how to appropriately employ improved technologies to optimize their production outcomes. Also, there should be implementation of policies that improves marketing activities by reducing the transports costs and ensuring better connection between producers and mills. Productivity should be improved by increasing yields with more policies supporting producers directly.
Sexual behaviours and contraceptive use among undergraduates in a Nigerian University.
Authors: O. Abolurin Olufunmilola , A. Akinbajo Oluwabusola , J. Daniel Olusoji , O. Adekoya Adesola , E. Akinbajo Akinkunmi , O. Adekoya Abiola
Published: July 2024

Objectives: The study was conducted to describe the sexual behaviours and contraceptive use, as well as factors associated with being engaged in sex among Nigerian undergraduates.Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.Setting: The study was conducted in a university of education in Ogun State, Nigeria.Participants: Four hundred undergraduates were selected sequentially through a stratified sampling method.Main outcome measures: Being sexually active, multiple sexual partners, and contraceptive use.Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 16 to 24 years. Nearly two-thirds (65.5%) were females. About a quarter of them (24.5%) were using psychoactive substance(s). More than two-fifths (44.5%) of them had engaged in sexual intercourse, of which 36% had a history of multiple sexual partners. The mean age at sexual debut was 18.7 ± 2.7 years, significantly lower among males than females (p <0.001). About half (218; 54.5%) of the students were cognisant of contraceptives, and 39.3% of sexually active participants had used contraceptives at some time, with condoms being the most commonly used. Male sex (p = 0.042), older age (p <0.001), higher monthly allowance (p = 0.025), and substance abuse (p <0.001) were factors that made undergraduates more likely to have engaged in sex.Conclusion: Engagement in sexual activity and unsafe sex were common practices among the Nigerian undergraduates studied. It is recommended that deliberate efforts be made to increase contraceptive awareness and usage.
Prognostic significance of morphology markers of chromosomal instability in acute leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Khairwa Anju , Kotru Mrinalini , Dewan Pooja , Narang Shiva
Published: July 2024

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of various morphological markers of chromosomal instability (CI).Design: This is a cross-sectional analytical study.Setting: Single centre study from the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care centre in India.Participants: The study included samples of bone marrow aspirates (BMA) and biopsies of patients with acute leukaemia (AL) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) performed between June 2019 and June 2021. Inadequate samples were excluded. We included 178 samples from 80 cases.Interventions: BMA and biopsies slides examined for CI markers like chromatin bridges, multipolar mitosis, nuclear budding, micronuclei, laggards, chromatin string (CS) and nuclear heterogeneity (NH). CI markers were correlated with the type, severity and prognosis of acute leukaemia and MDS.Main outcome measures: Evaluation of CI markers as prognostic markers in AL and MDS.Results: We included B-cell ALL (35), AML (11), MDS (04), relapse of AL (12), and remission of AL (116). All CI markers were significantly increased in AL and MDS compared to the remission group. All CI markers were significantly higher in non-responders to therapy than in responders. In regression analysis, the median (IQR) values of CS and NH were significantly higher among non-survivors than survivors.Conclusion: CI markers of morphology are significantly associated with poor prognosis, including Non-survival of the disease. These markers are easy to identify and cost-effective. We recommend incorporating morphological markers of CI in routine reporting of haematological malignancies to assist in prognostication before reports from sophisticated techniques are available.
Relationship between somatotype and cephalofacial anthropometry among adolescents of Ngamo ethnic group of Fika Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria.
Authors: Ganga A.M. , Usman M.I.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cephalofacial anthropometry is very important in surgery and syndro­mology. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between cephalofacial anthropometry and somatotype among adolescents of Ngamo lineage in Fika Local Government Area of Yobe State.
METHODOLOGY: The sample size for the study was 391 subjects comprising male (196) and female (195) subjects with mean age 15.46 ± 1.82 from selected secondary schools in Fika Local Government. The design was cross sectional and participants were classified into three basic somatotypes; endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph. Cephalic, facial and nasal anthropometric variables were measured using standard protocol. Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between somatotype and cephalofacial anthropometry, stepwise logistic regression analysis was deployed to predict somatotype components from cephalofacial parameters.
RESULTS: Significant sexual dimorphism was found in somatotype components and cephalofacial anthropometry. A significant correlation was found between some cephalofacial measurements and somatotype components, somatotype components were significantly predicted from cephalofacial parameters and facial breadth was the best predictor.
CONCLUSION: A relationship was found between somatotype and cephalofacial parameters among adolescents of Ngamo tribe of Fika LGA, Yobe state, Nigeria.
Some hand anthropometry among Babur/Bura and Kanuri ethnic groups of Borno State, Nigeria.
Authors: Ishaku B. , Timbuak J.A. , Hamman W.O.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The human hand is the most used and versatile part of the body, and its dimensions varies with age, sex and ethnic groups. Hand dimensions such as, hand length and hand breadth are useful in forensic and legal sciences. The aim of this study is to measure some hand anthropometry variation among Babur/Bura and Kanuri ethnic groups in Maiduguri, Borno state Nigeria.
METHODOLOGY: A total of eight hundred and one (801) subjects (401 males; 198 Babur/Bura, 203 Kanuri and 400 females; 198 Babur/Bura, 202 Kanuri) were recruited for this study. Parameters collected were:  hand length (HL), palm length (PL), hand breadth (HB) and palm breadth (PB) using a palm print scanner (HP Deskjet 1515 model) and, compared between groups student’s t-test was used, discriminant function was used to predict sex. SPSS version 22.0 software was used for statistical analyses and P<0.05 was set as level of significance.
RESULTS: Data analyzed showed that, Babur/Bura and Kanuri males had higher (p<0.001) mean hand dimension values compared to their female counterparts. However, there was no difference (p>0.05) in hand dimensions between the male-to-male and female-to-female of both ethnic groups.
CONCLUSION: There was sexual dimorphism in hand dimensions amongst Babur/Bura and Kanuri ethnic groups, which, could be useful for determination of sex and provide more insight into biological variation with the inclusion of these groups.
Radiological classification of adult skulls using alveolar index among Nigerians residing within the south-south geopolitical zone
Authors: Williams J. , Egbe N.O. , Udo-Affah G. , Eluwa M.A.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Understanding skeletal patterns is essential for choosing a proper treatment mechanics as well as understanding different populations all over the world. This radiological imaging study was carried out to evaluate, classify and document sex and age differences in terms of alveolar index in South-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria.
METHODOLOGY: A total of 627 (379 males and 248 females) normal lateral skull radiographs images were used, with ages ranging between 18 and 100years, obtained from the archives (2009-2016) of five different hospitals, all within the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The 627 radiographs were divided into five age groups for both the males and females. To determine the alveolar index, the Basion-prosthion and Basion-nasion distance were measured using a millimeter rule and the ratio between them calculated in percentage. All radiographs were certified normal as contained in the medical report.
RESULTS: The mean basion – prosthion length was 107.64±9.33mm for males and 108.07±7.90 for females, basion-nasion length was 101.85±9.12mm for males, 102.51±7.77mm for females. The mean alveolar index was 105.73±2.54% for males and 105.47±1.74% for females. The findings of this study however, shows that Nigerians are predominantly prognathous with alveolar index value greater than 103. It also shows that Basion-Prosthion length, Basion-nasion length and Alveolar index can be used as age determinant.
CONCLUSION: The data from this study will serve as an important tool in the hands of maxillofacial surgeons, Orthodontists and aesthetic anatomist in facial reconstruction purposes.
Impact of Covid-19 on the teaching of anatomy.
Authors: Fischer C.E. , Ekanem M.I. , Agaba E.A. , Fischer V.A.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound impacts on education globally. Most students have lost months of educational experience that is considered fundamental. This study aimed to provide an overview of the situation experienced by anatomy students during the COVID-19 pandemic, to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of anatomy students regarding online education and standard operating procedures for anatomical practical.
METHODOLOGY: The study involved the use of questionnaires and google forms.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results from this study show that COVID-19 has immensely affected how human anatomy is taught however, it has also opened up the possibilities of unconventional anatomy teaching in Nigeria. The current coronavirus pandemic has revealed the gaps in medical education. It has also shown some benefits of integrating virtual teaching and learning in the medical curriculum, primarily human anatomy. This blended learning approach will help anatomical education thrive in technology-based teaching and learning.
Thalamic immunohistochemical assessment in Wistar rats following combined exposure to nickel and vanadium.
Authors: Emmanuel G.E. , Omotosho O.I. , Etti-Balogun H.O. , Ijomone O.K. , Ijomone O.M.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V), major constituents of crude oil, have been shown to induce neurotoxic responses. However, there is paucity of reports on the impact of their combined exposure and likely potentiating consequences. This study aimed to assess the effect of Ni and V co-exposure on the thalamus of rats, by evaluating immunohistochemical markers of brain integrity including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and parvalbumin protein.
METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: saline only (Control), 20 mg/kg Ni orally for 21 days, 3 mg/kg V intraperitoneally for 7 days and combined Ni and V treatments.
RESULTS: Results showed significantly increased expression of GFAP, Iba1 and NeuN in all treatment groups. However, there was consistently marked alterations with Ni treatment compared to control with V exposures appearing to attenuate Ni impact for combined exposures. Additionally, increased Nrf2 immunoreactivity and decreased parvalbumin immunoreactivity were observed in all treatment groups compared to control.
CONCLUSION: Overall, the study demonstrates that while both Ni and V can cause toxicity in the thalamus, combined exposure showed opposing effects of their co-accumulation in the thalamus which suggests that V treatment could mitigate the Ni-induced thalamic neurotoxicity.
Value Analysis, Value Engineering and Value Management in Global Competition
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M.
Published: July 2024

Cost analysis is a method to enhance the costs efficiency by evaluating the corporate profitability. In today business environment of global competition, war pressures, new markets and demographics, firms are changing their approach to cost control. In fact, the strategic cost analysis provides useful information for the short and long-term decision-making in order to achieve the growth corporate goals. In the current phase of global competition (Global Shortage Management) corporations must adapt their strategic cost analysis (Value Analysis, Value Engineering or Value Management) to specific competitive policies adopted in certain markets, which may concern 'Planned Obsolescence', 'Total Quality Management (TQM)' or 'Zero Defects Productions' objectives
Green Transition and Industrial Ecosystems: the Impact of EU Taxonomy for Sustainable Activities
Authors: Rizzi Paolo , Turci Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we review the literature on industrial ecosystems and EU Taxonomy of sustainable activities. We then measure the size, dynamics and specialisation of the industrial ecosystems in Italy - as defined by the European Commission. Subsequently, we try to assess how much different sectors will be involved in the Taxonomy of sustainable activities: Manufacturing, Transportation, Electricity and Water Supply are those strongly involved in terms of employees. EU Taxonomy will radically change in the near future the financial reporting requirements and strategic management actions in the corporate system towards green transition. Firms need to improve their level of knowledge of the Taxonomy and identify suitable actions in order to align with it.
Green Consumer Behaviour in Global Markets
Authors: Luckho Takesh , Gaya Yash Krishna , Veerapen Loganaden , Saulick Praveen
Published: July 2024

The degradation of planet earth is no longer unknown to the world. The global emphasis on environmental sustainability has led to the emergence of Green Consumer Behaviour. Consumers are increasingly encouraged to adopt green products and services. However, green consumers remain a small market. This study investigates green consumer behaviour focusing on the influence of demographic variables. Using a quantitative research design, 398 participants were surveyed and eight hypotheses were tested. The findings reveal significant relationships between gender, education, income, and green consumer awareness and attitudes, but not age. This robust analysis was critically evaluated through the lens of established theories like the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Despite some statistical limitations, a green consumer decision model is proposed, and the study concludes with recommendations for educational campaigns and policy interventions to promote green consumer practices, providing a valuable resource for future research and practical initiatives in Mauritius.
The Enablers of CSR to Drive a Multifaceted Approach in Pakistan’s Oil and Gas Sectors : Modeling and Evaluating the Enablers of CSR .....
Authors: Ting Fan , Jamil Sobia , Zaman Syed Imran , Miao Miao
Published: July 2024

This study intends to determine the elements for adopting corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices that would boost the organization's performance (OP) either directly or indirectly in Pakistan's oil and gas sectors. This research demonstrates how companies may improve their performance by participating in various CSR efforts, for example, companies can encourage their workers by providing them with information about CSR practices, and they can support multiple facilitators of CSR integration to enhance OP.
Evaluación de los procesos de la empresa Proarsa para la certificación de la Norma ISO 18788:2015
Authors: Barrantes Muñoz Sofía , Flores Marín Jacqueline
Published: July 2024

En la actualidad, la seguridad ciudadana se ha vuelto muy importante para los habitantes, lo que ha provocado un crecimiento en la industria de servicios de seguridad privada en Costa Rica en los últimos años, Proarsa reconoce la importancia de adoptar normas internacionales para garantizar la eficacia y calidad de sus operaciones. La Norma ISO 18788 es un punto de referencia global para la creación y mantenimiento de sistemas efectivos de gestión de seguridad. El proyecto tiene como objetivo evaluar los procesos de seguridad en Proarsa para garantizar el cumplimiento de los requisitos de la Norma ISO 18788. Con esta evaluación se podrá identificar las áreas de oportunidad, las brechas en los procedimientos y en las políticas actuales, para así formular propuestas estratégicas para guiar a la empresa hacia una aplicación efectiva de la norma. La Norma garantizará un marco ordenado para el sistema de gestión de seguridad y fomentará la confianza entre los clientes al demostrar el compromiso de la empresa con la excelencia en ofrecer servicios de seguridad privada.
La figura de Alfonso X en los textos sefardíes contemporáneos de "Aki Yerushalayim"
Authors: Álvarez López Cristóbal José
Published: July 2024

La revista cultural Aki Yerushalayim, fundada en 1979, alberga todo tipo de contenidos divulgativos sobre la historia, la lengua, el folclore, las costumbres, etc., de los sefardíes. En este trabajo, me voy a centrar en la figura de Alfonso X (1221-1284) y, para ello, voy a describir y analizar los dos artículos que Aki Yerushalayim dedicó al Rey Sabio. Si bien no es una personalidad recurrente en la revista, el análisis de estos textos sí que entrañan un especial interés, en tanto que se centran en ponderar la influencia de los judíos en la extensión del español como lengua vehicular de la administración. De esta forma, estos artículos periodísticos escritos en judeoespañol contemporáneo son una fuente de primera mano acerca de cuál es la visión que los sefardíes tienen en la actualidad sobre la emblemática figura de Alfonso X el Sabio.