bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐91: A Method for Detecting and Classifying the Mura Phenomena in TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Wu Yung‐Hsun , Hsu Chuan‐Wei , Chen Chueh‐Ju , Yang Chiu‐Lien , Pang Jia‐Pang
Published: January 2009

We have proposed a method for detecting and classifying the mura phenomena. The related theory and experiments of how to measure the mura phenomena are discussed in this paper. By using the flicker measurement with related brightness evaluation, we can not only classify the electrical and non‐electrical mura but also setup a quantitative judgment criterion for the mura grade. It benefits us to improve the image quality and to quickly determine the root causes of the mura phenomena.
13.2: Electrochemical Deposition of Carbon Nanotube Films and Applications in Field Emission Display Devices
Authors: Cheng Lap‐Tak , Zheng Ming , Mahler Walter , Roach David , Fennimore Adam , Reynolds Gillian , Kim IL Hwan , Lee Chang Soo , Kim Hun Soo
Published: January 2009

An electrochemical deposition (ECD) process for the formation of carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films on ITO coated glass is described. This simple and scalable process takes advantage of a highly stable aqueous dispersion of ribonucleic acids (RNA) wrapped CNTs reported previously. Thin films showing dense coverage of nanotubes can be prepared in a few minutes by the application of a few volts between a conductive substrate and a stainless steel counter electrode with both immersed in the RNA‐CNT aqueous dispersion. Patterned deposit with feature size of microns can be readily obtained by masking the conductive layer on the substrate. Since ECD is an additive process with efficient use of CNTs, it provides a cost effective alternative to photoimagable deposition. Unlike electrophoretic deposition, the ECD process is an aqueous, low voltage, and field independent process. Fringing field issues which can affect deposition uniformity on patterned surfaces are therefore avoided. for electron field emission applications such as display or backlight, ECD films can be sintered and surface treated to obtain highly emissive surfaces with low threshold voltage and high uniformity emission. The field emission performance of diode and triode devices prepared with ECD is discussed.
P‐103: A High Performance Low Cost Multifunctional Film for LCD Backlight
Authors: Lu Zhijian Z. J.
Published: January 2009

A multifunctional film with light diffusing and brightness enhancement capabilities has been successfully developed. The multifunctional film eliminates the need of costly prism film and diffuser plate in LCD TV backlight. Backlight using the film provides comparable or superior performance when compared with commercial backlights.
P‐108: Backlights in Mobile Display Power Management
Authors: Kimmel Jyrki , Levola Tapani
Published: January 2009

Power efficiency of a mobile multimedia display relies on power management methods that affect the on‐state of the display. Other means of power management in mobile devices are dependent on managing the transitions between the off‐state, power‐saving mode, and on‐state effectively. These methods do not readily apply to modern consumption of mobile multimedia, as the display is in the on‐state continuously. A conceptual display system power management model was developed. The model was used to estimate the efficacy of a new diffractive optical mobile display backlight concept, and the effect of the display backlight design especially was found to result in considerable power savings in modern mobile multimedia displays.
P‐110: Multi Refractive Collimation Film(MRF) for NBPC BLU System
Authors: Park Jae Hyun , Kim Sung Hun , Kim Byoung Ku , Ahn Byung Chul
Published: January 2009

Nowadays, NBPC BLU was requested High Luminance and low power consumption. So, we have studied a new conceptual enhanced light performance film consists of multi high‐refractive materials and functional layers. Using an optical simulation tool, We deduced an new idea and optimized optical design. We have developed the enhanced luminance film according to the optical conditions. When compared to conventional BLU system, Luminance was increased about 110% in 15.4inch NBPC BLU and stabilized for mechanical design. The result showed that new conceptual film realized technical improvement in NBPC BLU system.
P‐111: Multi‐Performance Film (MPF) for Highly Efficient LCD Backlights
Authors: Hsieh Jen‐Chieh , Huang Yi‐Pai , Chen Chun‐Ho , Lo Yu‐Chun , Fang Jen‐Yu , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Yu Gu‐Sheng , Chiang Tien
Published: January 2009

A multi‐performance film (MPF) which has concave‐parabolic cylinder micro prism structures was proposed to improve light coupling efficiency and to reduce lamp‐Mura defect. A MPF combined light diffusion and light collecting performance as a multiple functional film. By applying the MPF, wider FWHM angle, higher light output coupling efficiency, and slighter lamp‐Mura were demonstrated on a 32‐inch direct‐type backlight.
P‐120: Comparison of Discharge Characteristics between Coplanar‐ and Plate‐Gap Structures in Xe‐Backlight Unit
Authors: Heo Jaenyeong , Kim Jae Young , Lim Jae Kwang , Tae Heung‐Sik , Seo Jeong Hyun , Cho Byung‐Gwon
Published: January 2009

The discharge characteristics between the coplanar‐gap and plate‐gap structures in the 6‐in. Xe backlight units (BLU) are examined and compared. The discharge characteristics including the firing/sustaining voltages, capacitances of lamps, luminance and luminous efficiencies are measured for two different discharge structures, such as the coplanar‐gap and plate‐gap structures. In particular, the voltage, current, and infrared waveforms are observed are compared for two different structures.
P‐123: Image Separated Viewing Angle LCD Base on Multi Domain
Authors: Mak Hin Yu , Xu Peizhi , Chigrinov Vladimir
Published: January 2009

In this paper, an image separated liquid crystal display (LCD) which can present two separate images simultaneously on one screen has been proposed. Hybrid aligned nematic (HAN) cell is used as the liquid crystal (LC) cell in this configuration. The structure is conventional and only one more step UV exposure is needed during photoalignment process to produce domains. This novel design is suitable for advertising and security applications.
P‐245L: Late‐News Student Poster: Wide Viewing Angle 3D Depth‐Fused Display (DFD) System
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Yi , Huang Yi‐Pai , Chang Yu‐Chen , Ding Zhi‐Hong , Su Chih‐Ping
Published: January 2009

Viewing angle caused by images shift is the most serious issue for depth‐fused display (DFD). A wide viewing angle 3D‐DFD system utilized high collimated backlight with wide viewing angle micro‐lens array was proposed to avoid the images shift. From the experiment results, the viewing angle was demonstrated to be increased to θ = ±30° ∼ ±40°, which is much wider than that of conventional DFD (θ < ± 10°). Consequently, the proposed 3D‐DFD system will be glasses‐less, fatigue‐less, and wide viewing.
P‐126: Nanowire Contact Powder Electroluminescent Technology
Authors: Chen Feng , Kitai Adrian H.
Published: January 2009

By integrating conductive nanowires into AC powder EL technology, a novel, self‐supported nanostructured powder EL device, consisting of a layer of conductive nanowires which directly contact a ZnS phosphor layer and function as rear electrodes, is reported in this paper. The mechanism for light generation from the nanowire powder contact EL device can be understood from the bipolar field‐emission model.
P‐127: A ZnO Based Heterostructured n‐i‐n Light‐Emitting Diode by Low‐Cost Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Sun Xiao Wei , Zhao Junliang , Tan Swee Tiam , Lo G. Q. , Kwong D. L.
Published: January 2009

A n‐Zn1−xMgxO/i‐ZnO/SiOx/n+‐Si heterostructured light‐emitting diode has been demonstrated by low‐cost ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The current‐voltage measurement shows typical characteristics of a back‐to‐back diode, due to the double Schottky barriers induced by the SiOx layer. Blue electroluminescence peaking at 460 nm was observed at room temperature when a positive bias of ∼4V was applied on the Si substrate. The electroluminescence is suggested to be dominated by the donor‐acceptor pair recombination in the i‐ZnO layer, where the holes were injected from the valence band of Si into the acceptor level of i‐ZnO.
P‐239: Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Tb3+‐Doped Lanthanide Orthophosphates (La1−xGdx)0.94Tb0.06PO4 (0.5≤x≤1.0)
Authors: Park Kyeongsoon , Lee Jung Kyu , Choi Jung Wook , Oh Hyo‐Jin , Kwon Youngjae
Published: January 2009

The photoluminescence properties of the (La1−xGdx)0.94Tb0.06PO4 (0.5≤x≤1.0) phosphors synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis were investigated under VUV irradiation. In order to understand the effect of Gd addition on the photoluminescence properties, we obtained the excitation and emission spectra of the (La1−xGdx)0.94Tb0.06PO4 phosphors with various Gd contents. Annealed (La1−xGdx)0.94Tb0.06PO4 phosphors showed a smooth, regular, and spherical morphology. The XRD spectra of the (La1−xGdx)0.94Tb0.06PO4 showed the solid solutions of the constituent lanthanide phosphates, which crystallized in a monoclinic monazite. The XRD peaks shifted slightly toward higher angles with increasing Gd content, indicating that the lattice parameter slightly decreased with an increase in Gd content. The phosphors emitted the green light due to the transition from 5D4 to 7Fj (j=3−6) at 489, 543, 585, and 621nm, respectively. (La0.25Gd0.75)0.94Tb0.06PO4 showed the strongest emission intensity.
P‐247L: Late‐News Poster: Novel White‐Emitting Hybrid Electroluminescent Device Based on Organic Dye and Inorganic Phosphor
Authors: Satoh Toshifumi , Kobayashi Makoto , Kawamura Satoshi , Uchida Takayuki
Published: January 2009

A novel white‐emitting hybrid electroluminescent (EL) device based on an organic dye and an inorganic phosphor has been developed. In this device, the organic dye is excited by the luminescence energy of the inorganic phosphor, and exhibits white luminescence from the three primary colors. We developed the EL device using organic dyes that consist of coumarin 6 and a 4‐(dicyanomethylene)‐2‐i‐propyl‐6‐(1,1,7,7‐tetramethyljulolidyl‐9‐enyl)‐4H‐pyran (DCJTB)‐doped phosphor layer. Furthermore, a RGB color panel of the organic‐dye‐dispersed inorganic EL device with red luminescence of high color purity was produced.
P‐129: The Effect of Front Dielectric Thickness on Luminous Efficacy in AC PDP with Auxiliary Electrode
Authors: Cho Kwan Hyun , Lee Sung‐Min , Choi Chung Sock , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: January 2009

The dependence of front dielectric thickness on input power density, luminance, and luminous efficacy according to the voltage of the auxiliary pulse in an AC PDP with an auxiliary electrode was investigated. It was found that two important factors influencing the luminous efficacy due to variation of the front dielectric thickness. One is the range of the voltage of the auxiliary pulse within which the power density decreases, but the luminance slightly increases, which improve the luminous efficacy. The other is the transmittance reducing the luminance as front dielectric thickness increased, leading to a decrease in the luminous efficacy. In this work, considering these two factors, the luminous efficacy is maximized at a front dielectric layer thickness of 40μm.
P‐131: Discharge Characteristics of Extra Pixel Assistance Structured (EPAS) AC‐PDP
Authors: Son Chang‐Gil , Lee Sung‐Soo , Park Eun‐Young , Hong Sung‐Hee , Cho Guangsup , Choi Eun‐Ha
Published: January 2009

We have suggested an AC‐PDP with extra pixel assistance structure using a MgO layer made from nano‐powdered paste. This structure needs an own driving waveform at the end of conventional reset period for improvement of address discharge characteristics. It was demonstrated that the separated discharge space was coated by nano‐powdered MgO paste at rear plate for counter(X‐A) discharge between the sustaining and address electrodes. At this discharge, the priming particles can be supplied into the main discharge space. Therefore, address discharge characteristics can be expected to have faster response characteristics than those for the conventional structures of AC‐PDP.
P‐132: Influence of Closed Barrier Ribs on the Excited Xe Atom's Density and its Spatiotemporal Behavior in the Alternating Current Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Han Yonggyu , Oh Phil Yong , Son Chang Gil , Cho Guangsub , Choi Eun Ha
Published: January 2009

The spatiotemporal behavior of the excited Xe atom's density in the 1s5 metastable state has been investigated by the laser absorption spectroscopy in the alternating current plasma display panel with stripe and closed barrier ribs, respectively. The maximum excited Xe atom's densities for the closed and stripe barrier ribs are 1.45 × 1013 cm−3 and 1.28 × 1013 cm−3, respectively. The density and relative VUV efficiency over all spaces for the closed rib in not only higher but also its spatiotemporal behavior in more uniform than those for stripe one.
P‐252L: Late‐News Poster: Three Dimensional Spatiotemporal Behavior of Infrared and Visible Emission from Discharge Plasma of AC PDP
Authors: Cho Tae‐Seung , Chung Gu‐Hyun , Choi Young‐Do , Kim Jung‐Nam , Lee Byung‐Hak
Published: January 2009

A test panel for three‐dimensional spatiotemporal observation in AC plasma display panel (PDP) has been successively fabricated and studied with ICCD camera. The frequency dependence of three‐dimensional spatiotemporal behavior has been experimentally investigated in sustain discharge. In addition, the weak discharge characteristics in reset period and two different discharge modes in address period will be discussed below.
P‐141: Effect of Modified Scan and Sustain Waveforms on Black Luminance and Address Voltage in an AC Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Jana Raj Kumar , Dutt Santanu Kumar
Published: January 2009

Although the three Electrode Surface Discharge type AC PDP is the de‐facto standard in the Plasma TV industry, one parameter which researchers and manufacturers are working hard to improve is Dark Room Contrast Ratio. Poor DRCR is a result of the high Black luminance caused by strong reset discharge. Another parameter, which has seen a lot of activity, is the Address Voltage. This paper investigates the effect of increasing the negative bias voltage applied to the Scan (Y) electrode while reducing the voltage from sustain voltage level applied to the Sustain (X) electrode during the Reset period and address period. Under the optimum voltage and ramp conditions, the Black Luminance was found to have reduced by a factor of 8 and the Address Voltage reduced to the extent of 15 – 20 Volts as compared to conventional waveform. These improvements were tested and validated in the lab on 42″ SD Plasma Display Panels. The significance of this scheme lies in the fact that the improvement in picture quality as a result of Low Black Luminance and consequent improvement in the Dark Room Contrast Ratio did not lead to an increase in the cost of electronics. In fact a reduction of electronic costs is possible due to reduction in the Address Voltage by allowing the use of cheaper Address Driver ICs.
P‐142: A New Driving Technology for the Improvement of PDP Driving Margins in Single Sustain PDPs
Authors: Park Hyun Il , Park Chang Joon , Kim Sung Hwan , Shin Hee Jung , Kim Dae Hun , Cho Jang Hwan , Moon Seong Hak
Published: January 2009

The past Single Sustain Driving System had critical problems on both the VS (Sustain Voltage) and the VA (Address Voltage) margins. A novel method to overcome these deficiencies has been performed by separating the ground reference of the Y_SUS (Scan) and Z_SUS (Common) boards from that of the Control and Address boards, which results in a driving system that is achieved by designing it as a single board. This system is referred to as an FSS (Floating Single Sustain). The FSS driving system improved the VS and VA margin dramatically and simplified the PDP driving system configuration when compared to the conventional PDP driving system.
P‐153: Field Emission Properties of Dual Emitter in Planar Gate Structure
Authors: Lee Sun‐Hee , Yang D.‐W. , Kim K.‐B. , Kim D.‐J.
Published: January 2009

In this paper, we investigated the field emission properties of planar gate structure, which is the gate and cathode electrode (buffer electrode) formed on same face of glass. Emitters and buffer electrodes were formed by screen printing method, which has many advantages in a large size panel. CNT emitter was formed on both buffer electrodes. Bi‐polar pulses were applied to the buffer electrodes and high voltage of DC power was applied to the anode. In case of bi‐polar pulse for planar structure, electron beam spreads more than normal gate structure or diode structure. It noted that increasing emission uniformity at 5 inch panel of dual emitter in planar gate structure. Optimum panel structure could be carried out by the evaluation of field emission properties depending on buffer electrode line width and applied voltage. Finally, we expect that field emission lamp is used LCD‐BLU and general lighting of light source.
P‐154: Optimized Field Emission of Multiwalled Carbon Nantoubes
Authors: Lee Kyongsoo , Ju Byeong‐Kwon
Published: January 2009

To investigate the emission properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), an indium based cathode was formulated with various surface treatments. In this case, we can demonstrate the field emission properties of unalloyed CNTs as compared with the conventional screen‐printed method. We have demonstrated that the sprayed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the indium layer were vertically aligned by surface treatment methods such as taping and applying acritical bias field. From these emitter surfaces, the CNT can be turned on with a field as low as 1.4V/μm. An emission current density of 5mA/cm2 at 1.8V/μm can be attained.
14.4: Integrating Multi‐Touch Function with a Large‐Sized LCD
Authors: Bae Sang Hyuck , Yu Byung Chun , Lee Sangrae , Jang Hyung Uk , Choi Jongseong , Sohn Minho , Ahn InHo , Kang InByeong , Chung InJae
Published: January 2009

Multi‐touch function is integrated with a 52″ LCM. IR image sensors detect touches around normal panel. A few IR image sensors are placed to detect touches. Triangulation, image processing technology and pattern recognition are used for touch algorithm. Positions of touch points are calculated simultaneously by using IR image sensors, IR light sources and a LCD panel. The number of touches and its area is used to perform multi‐touch functions. Multi‐touch LCD can also detect human gestures. At this work, map searching program is used for touch and gesture recognition. As a result, multi‐touch LCD shows its usefulness and it can replace conventional HCI device (mouse, keyboard).
P‐157: Effect of the Sputtering Condition on the LC Alignment Properties of SiO2 Layer
Authors: Sung Shi‐Joon , Yang Kee‐Jeong , Kim Dae‐Hwan , Do Yun Seon , Choi Byeong‐Dae
Published: January 2009

The relationship between the sputtering condition and the LC alignment properties of SiO2 layer was investigated. According to the RF power of sputtering, the Ar pressure showed a different effect on the LC alignment on SiO2 layers, which might be closely related with the thin layer formation process.
P‐160: Alignment of Liquid Crystal with Inkjet Printed Polyimide for Flexible Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Hwang Jeoung‐Yeon , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: January 2009

We demonstrated a non‐rubbing liquid crystal alignment method utilizing an inkjet printed polyimide (PI) layer for liquid crystal displays using flexible substrates. A uniform LC alignment on the plastic substrates was achieved by a two‐step inkjet printing method; first by the PI printing and followed by the empty cartridge printing. The disparity in electro‐optical performance for the twisted nematic (TN) cell with inkjet printed PI on plastic substrates and the cell with rubbed PI alignment layers is negligible.
P‐254: Late‐News Poster: Investigation into Stability of Liquid Crystal Alignment with Newly Developed Polyimide Based Photopolymer
Authors: Cho Han‐Dong , Jung Un‐Sung , Jhun Chul Gyu , Kwon Soon‐Bum , Park Seo‐Kyu , Yang Yoon Chul , Ahn Taek , Yi Mihye
Published: January 2009

We investigated the UV and thermal stability of newly developed PI based photopolymer. Image sticking effects of the test cell fabricated by the photoalignment method is compared to that by the rubbing method. Not only the UV and thermal stability, but also the image sticking effect is equivalent to those of the test cell fabricated by the rubbing method. We also demonstrate IPS cell fabricated by the photoalignment method with our material.
P‐170: Color Writable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display and its Operation Principle
Authors: Lee Da‐Wei , Shiu Jyh‐Wen , Chang Yu‐Pei , Hsieh Cheng‐Hsi , Lee Hsin‐Hung , Tsai Yi‐Shou , Chen Guan‐Ting
Published: January 2009

Color Writable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display (CHLCD) and its operation principle were developed. By applying strong‐enough electric field (ex: ±10V/100Hz square wave for 4um cell gap) to specific pixels, we could choose the color and directly write it to color CHLCD, because the pressure we released was canceled by the electric field. By applying appropriate electric field and/or pressure, gray levels could be achieved. In the application that we wrote a different color to CHLCD on which a written color existed, the electric field and the pressure had to be coordinated (ex: ±5.5V/10Hz, 1kgw/cm2), and other approaches were also proposed.
P‐172: Power Consumption Reductive Driving Method for the Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Kim Joo‐young , Hwang Hyun‐Sik , Jung Ho‐young , Park Chul‐woo , Souk Jun‐hyung
Published: January 2009

We describe the new driving scheme for reducing power consumption of electrophoretic displays. Most power consumption arise from switching the source line voltage of TFT. Furthermore, comparing with LC display devices, electrophoretic devices is driven on higher voltage during its driving duration. This characteristic makes disadvantage to make handheld electronic devices on the view point of power save. Our new method suggests reducing swing numbers of the source line. We will show result with simulated and real power measured data.
P‐174: Stabilization of High‐Brightness Relaxed Bend State and Investigation of Fast‐Switching Symmetric H State in a Pi‐Cell by Synchronized Illumination Technique
Authors: Yang Bo‐Ru , Elston Steve J. , Raynes Peter , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: January 2009

The non‐permanent states in a pi‐cell have interesting electro‐optical performances: the symmetric H (Hs) state has sub‐millisecond response times and the non‐biased bend (we term it as “relaxed bend,” RB) state before collapsing into the twist state has high brightness. However, the short lifetime of these states makes them difficult to be studied and utilized. We propose a synchronized illumination technique to investigate the Hs state and stabilize the RB state. After stabilizing, the brightness of the ON‐state is increased by a factor of 1.18 compared with the normal pi‐cell; moreover, the intensity dynamic range of the RB state stabilized pi‐cell is larger than that of the conventionally polymer‐stabilized pi‐cell.
P‐180: Enhancement of Predictability for Optical Properties of LC Simulator
Authors: Yang Sung Hoon , Lee Yong Woo , Park Mun‐Soo , Lee Jae Ho
Published: January 2009

The predictability of a Liquid Crystal simulator has been investigated. Three critical parameters for the simulator i.e., transmittance, response time and viewing angle, were determined. The optimization was performed through elaborative correlation between experimental and simulation results. The results with optimized parameters show good agreement with experimental results within an error tolerance of 10%. The determined main parameters regarding each optical property are summarized and discussed.
P‐186: High Quality Patterned Retarder for Transflective LCDs
Authors: Hasebe Hiroshi , Kuwana Yasuhiro , Nakata Hidetoshi , Yamazaki Osamu , Takeuchi Kiyofumi , Takatsu Haruyoshi
Published: January 2009

A patterned retarder for a transflective LCD can be fabricated by photo polymerization of a liquid crystalline monomer. It is required for the retarder that pattern size is smaller than pixel size of a LCD and that retardation of the retarder is thermally stable against over 200°C. We have optimized liquid crystalline monomer and fabrication processes of the retarder to achieve high quality patterned retarder.
P‐187: Photoaligned Transflective Liquid Crystal Display Using Low Twist Nematic and Electricity Controlled Birefringence Modes
Authors: Mak Hin Yu , Xu Peizhi , Du Tao , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: January 2009

In this paper, transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) with two different modes low twist nematic (MTN) and electricity controlled birefringence (ECB) has been proposed. The structure contains only a single cell gap in transmissive and reflective part, therefore the fabrication process is easy and only one more step UV exposure is needed during photoalignment process to produce domains. This configuration has a good contrast, viewing angle, response time and transmittance / reflectance. As a result it is suitable for high quality transflective thin‐film transistor (TFT) LCDs.
15.3: Anti‐Electromigration of Lead‐Free Ag/Frit Modified Address Electrodes in PDPs
Authors: Kim Chul‐Hong , Jeong Hyun‐Mi , Heo Eun‐Gi , Lee Byung‐Hak , Yu Byoung‐Youl , Lee Byung‐Chul , Kim Hyun‐Don , Kweon Tae‐Jong
Published: January 2009

We have studied on the usage reduction and anti‐migration properties of newly formulated lead‐Free (Bi‐based) Ag/Frit modified address electrode (hereinafter VE electrode) systems in PDPs (Plasma Display Panels). It is thought that their high performance such as anti‐migration and the cost‐competitiveness without any loss of performance in paste, process and luminous efficacy are originated from the optimum controlling of Ag/Frit weight ratio and low specific gravity by low Ag contents, respectively. Currently, lead‐free VE electrodes are being applied as main electrode materials of PDP panels fabricated by SDI photo‐imageable patterning process including ultra‐fine resolution models.
P‐190: Wide‐Band Transflective Liquid Crystal Display in a Patterned Vertically Aligned Mode with a Single Cell Gap
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Bae , Gwag Jin Seog , Lee You‐Jin , Lee Hyeok Jin , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: January 2009

We propose optical configuration for wide‐band characteristics in transflective liquid crystal display with a single cell gap at patterned vertically aligned mode. Difference of the optical path between transmissive and reflective parts is compensated by designing the electrode structure and adopting two retardation films which show wide band characteristics calculated from mirror imaging method.
P‐199: Achromatic Reduction of Off‐Axis Light Leakage in LCDs by Self‐Compensated Phase Retardation (SPR) Film
Authors: Yang Young‐Chol , Yang Deng‐Ke
Published: January 2009

Wavelength dispersion of refractive indices of compensation films causes the problems of light leakage and color shift at oblique incident angles in the black state of liquid crystal displays. We propose a self‐compensated phase retardation (SPR) film reducing the light leakage stemming from the wavelength dispersion of compensation films. Numerical calculations show that SPR films suppress the leaked light significantly more than the state‐of‐art compensation scheme used in vertical alignment mode liquid crystal displays.
P‐202: High Transmittance LC Pixel Design for Multi‐View 3D Mobile Display
Authors: Mphepö Wallen , Wu Chi‐Lin , Huang Yi‐Pai , Chuang Shang‐Chih , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Hsu Shih‐Chia , Lin Ching‐Huan , Hu Chih‐Jen
Published: January 2009

Using a 6‐view 3D mobile display, a modified LC pixel mode that increases transmittance and brightness uniformity for each viewing zone plus pixel electrode physical re‐configuration capable of increasing Aperture Ratio were investigated. The pixel mode utilized was the single‐domain VA. In the modified case of the single domain VA mode with the reconfiguration, it was observed that by optimizing each pixel, the transmittance of the single‐domain VA could be improved by more than 24% at relatively wide, mobile display, viewing angles from ∼9 ° to ∼30 ° compared with conventional multi‐domain VA.
16.1: 82″ Ultra Definition LCD Using New Driving Scheme and Advanced Super PVA Technology
Authors: Kim Sang Soo , You Bong Hyun , Cho Jung Hwan , Moon Sung Jae , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Nam Deog
Published: January 2009

Samsung has developed an ultra definition (UD, or 3840×2160) resolution 82″ product for LCD TV applications. The resolution increase from full HD to UD greatly reduces available charging time. This problem has been overcome by employing a half‐gate two‐data line design (hG‐2D) for super PVA pixels. Additionally, cost effective single bank driving has been achieved by adopting a vertical quarter partitioned (VQP) scheme. Viewing angle of 180 degrees, contrast ratio of 2200 to 1, and brightness of 550nits have been achieved while maintaining all other advantages of the super PVA structure.
P‐207: Novel Buffer Materials with High Work Function for Efficient and Stable Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Huh Dal Ho , Lee Jeong Woo , Kang Eui Su , Chae Miyoung
Published: January 2009

We introduce novel water based buffer materials with high work function (5.5 − 5.6 eV), thermal stability, and low acidity (> pH 3). These materials are even stable at both neutral and basic conditions (> pH 7). When PLED devices are fabricated, even though there are high energy barrier between ITO (ca. 4.8 eV) and the buffer material and each buffer layers compared with that between ITO and Baytron‐P, J‐V characteristics of the device with our buffer layers are more improved than those with Baytron‐P series (AI 4083 and CH 8000). Also their performance showed higher luminous efficiency (170% @ 1000 nit) and better device lifetime (>1.7 times) using new buffer materials compared with those of Baytron‐P series even though we have yet to optimize the device structures.
P‐208: Flexible OLEDs with Anodes Formed by Vapour Phase Polymerization
Authors: Levermore Peter A. , Wang Xuhua , Chen Lichun , Bradley Donal D. C.
Published: January 2009

We report improved performance from ITO‐free organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) prepared with vapour phase polymerization poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (VPP‐PEDOT) anodes. By inserting additional interfacial anode layers based on triarylamine polymers, we demonstrate VPP‐PEDOT OLEDs on rigid glass substrates that display improved electroluminescence characteristics, and which have efficiencies that are comparable to equivalent ITO‐based devices. We also report on the development of flexible OLEDs (FOLEDs) with VPP‐PEDOT anodes, demonstrating efficient red, green, blue and white‐emitting devices with significantly improved device rectification.
P‐211: High Quantum Efficiency of New Deep‐Blue EML Materials in OLED
Authors: Kim Soo‐Kang , Park Young‐Il , Park Jong‐Wook , Jaung Jae‐Yun
Published: January 2009

We investigated new deep blue emitting materials including a novel side group such as CB‐203. CB‐203 shows relatively 40% increased PL quantum efficiency and higher Tg of 30°C compared to MADN. It exhibits high External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) of 7.18% that is two times bigger than MADN's, which is the best efficiency in case of non‐doped blue fluorescence OLED device to our knowledge. And deep blue emitting materials with a new core structure (CB‐301) have been synthesized. CB‐301 exhibit excellent blue fluorescence properties. Undoped OLED devices using CB‐301 as blue emitters was found to deep blue CIE value (0.154, 0.078) and exhibit high luminance efficiencies of 2.01cd/A at 10 mA/cm2.
16‐2: A Novel S‐PVA Cell Structure with High Contrast Ratio
Authors: Kim Su Jeong , Kim Kwang‐Hyun , Jung Jiyoon , Heo Jeong‐Uk , Lee Nam‐Seok , Kim Kyeong‐Hyeon , Kim Sang Soo
Published: January 2009

This paper describes a new S‐PVA cell structure which achieves enhanced contrast ratio by adopting a step‐like patterned common electrode between the high sub‐pixel and low sub‐pixel electrodes without loss of transmittance. A 24‐inch panel was developed for monitor applications and measured contrast ratio and white luminance were over 2500:1 and 400cd/m2, respectively.
P‐214: Ultra Thin‐Film Encapsulation for AMOLED Displays
Authors: Lee Young‐Gu , Park Jong‐Jin , Kee In‐Seo , Shim Hong‐Shik , Ko Ick‐Hwan , Choi Yun‐Hyuk , Bulliard Xavier , Kim Sang‐Yeol , Kim Jong‐Min
Published: January 2009

A 5.4‐inch AMOLED display was prepared using the combination of ultra thin film encapsulation steps with alternative organic and inorganic hybrid multi‐layers. Organic layers for smoothing and improved adhesion were prepared by polyurea condensation with vapor deposition polymerization. Al2O3 inorganic layers were sequentially deposited on organic layers by sputtering. All processes were performed at room temperature. After optimization of the organic and inorganic layer deposition process, device operating lifetime performance was over 85%, as compared with glass encapsulation, and the transmittance of thin film multilayered structure was over 90% in the visible region.
P‐217: 120% Luminance Enhancement of OLED by Patterned Microlens Array
Authors: Ho Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Lin Hoang‐Yan , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Fang Jheng‐Hao , Wei Mao‐Kuo
Published: January 2009

We demonstrate a 120% luminance enhancement, experimentally and theoretically, by attaching a patterned microlens array film on a conventional bottom emission OLED. Design rules were established qualitatively and quantitatively, which include: (1) pixel size affects the microlens arrangement, (2) smaller pixel has larger luminance enhancement, and (3) luminance enhancement is most obvious at the normal direction.
P‐219: Color Stability of White Light‐Emitting Organic Electroluminescent Device Base on Three Phosphorescent Emission Peaks
Authors: Shieh Tien‐Shou , Lin Jin‐Sheng , Liu Pey‐Ching , Chu Miao‐Tsai , Tseng Mei‐Rurng
Published: January 2009

Color stability of white organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs) was developed by three emission peaks. The blue phosphorescent sensitizer was Bis(3,5‐difluoro‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)phenyl‐(2‐carboxypyridyl) iridium (Firpic), the orange phosphorescent sensitizer was the thieno‐pyridine framework organo‐iridium complexes (PO‐01), and the red phosphorescent sensitizer was the phenyl‐qoinazoline framework organo‐iridium complexes (PR‐01). An orange/red phosphorescent emitting layer was sandwiched between blue phosphorescent emitting layers. The devices exhibited no change of EL spectra according to the driving voltage. The efficiency of WOLED of 11.6lm/W (17.4Cd/A) at 1000 Cd/m2, a CIE coordinates of (0.43, 0.44), and a CRI of 81. It is good suitability to use in OLED lighting.
P‐221: Enhancement of Electroluminescent Property of Inverted Top‐Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Transparent AgOx by O2 Plasma
Authors: Hong Kihyon , Kim Kisoo , Lee Jong‐Lam
Published: January 2009

We demonstrate a transparent AgOx top anode by formed by O2 plasma treatment for inverted top‐emitting organic light emitting diodes (ITOLEDs). The turn‐on voltage decreased from 22 to 12 V, and the luminance increased from 175 to 630 cd/m2 by using this transparent AgOx anode. The AgOx lowered the injection barrier for holes, enhancing the electroluminescent properties of ITOLEDs.
P‐230: Novel Electrical‐Chemically Polished Stainless Steel Anode Organic Light Emission Device with Long Lifetime at High Luminance for Flexible Lighting
Authors: Yu Xiaoming , Sun Jiaxin , Zhu Xiuling , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: January 2009

Stainless Steel (s.s.) sheet substrate was electrical‐chemically polished. Afterwards its average surface roughness reached 1.93nm. Then Organic Light Emission Devices (OLEDs) were fabricated on it with Alq3 as the light emission material (EM) (called Devices SSA). So high‐thermal‐conductive s.s. was made use of directly as anode in Devices SSA. Lighted at initial luminance intensity 1135 cd/m2, Devices SSA decayed to its half luminance after 18 hours (hrs) in the vacuum which has pressure of 5×10−3 Pa. At the same time, top emission OLEDs with evaporated aluminum anode on glass (called Devices AA) were fabricated with the same EM. Devices AA have 20.5 hrs half lifetime but much lower initial luminance intensity 296cd/m2, as measured in the same vacuum condition. The maximum luminance (Lmax) of Devices SSA is 61,200cd/m2, which is 2.3 times as high as Lmax of Devices AA. In this paper, Device SSA with s.s. substrate thickness 0.05mm and bending radius 2mm is demonstrated. It indicates a bright future of flexible lighting application. White OLEDs on this substrate is being researched and longer lifetime could be achieved soon under better condition.
P‐236: LED Light Recycling with Recycling Collars
Authors: Ouyang George , Li Kenneth
Published: January 2009

As a follow‐up to our previous work we present in this paper a detailed study on LED light recycling with a recycling collar. for the PhlatLight™ LED devices that we use in our experimnets up to 75% brightness improvement has been achieved. Higher enhancement factors can be expected if we use LEDs with rougher emitting surfaces as the recycling efficiency of angular recycling configurations such as the recycling collar depends strongly on the scattering characteristics of the LED chip surface. More experimental work is expected to be carried out in the near future on multiple‐chip configurations.
P‐238: Limiting Relation and Image Behavior on Bending a Wedge Display
Authors: Kong D. L.‐H. , Travis A. R. L.
Published: January 2009

Manufacturing of Wedge displays can never really achieve 100% surface flatness due to the physical constraints of the tools used and a Wedge display seems immune to slight bends even with the presence of such limits. We show, for each input angle between 42° and 62°, the maximum angular error which can be introduced by a bend of constant curvature is related to its thickness, radius of curvature, the angle of the ray before entry into the bend, and the bend length. An approximate relation is made to describe the simulated result of the behavior of such maximum angular error with varying bend lengths.
P‐250L: Late News Poster: Low‐Speckle Laser Projection with a Broad‐Area VCSEL in the Incoherent Emission Regime
Authors: Riechert Falko , Lemmer Uli , Verschaffelt Guy , Craggs Gordon , Meuret Youri , Van Giel Bart , Thienpont Hugo
Published: January 2009

We demonstrate low speckle laser projection using a 850nm‐VCSEL driven in an incoherent emission regime as illumination source. We achieve speckle contrast values as low as 4.4 % without using any additional or mechanically moving components to destroy the coherence of the laser beam.
18.1: Electronic Compensation for Fringe‐Field Effects in VAN LCOS Microdisplays
Authors: Cuypers Dieter , de Smet Herbert , Van Calster André
Published: January 2009

Although fringe field effects in LCOS projection panels can be suppressed sufficiently not to interfere with the optical performance needed for consumer applications, precise grey‐level reproduction in professional applications still requires a detailed knowledge of the occurrence of disclinations at all driving voltages and neighboring pixel configurations. Such a study is presented in this paper, allowing the implementation of an electronic compensation for the fringe field effects.
18:3: Late‐News Paper: Polarization Independent Liquid Crystal Microdisplays
Authors: Komanduri Ravi K. , Oh Chulwoo , Escuti Michael J. , Kekas D. Jason
Published: January 2009

We demonstrate a polarization‐independent, diffractive, liquid crystal microdisplay on a reflective 256×256 pixel silicon backplane using nematic liquid crystal polarization gratings. Striking results are observed in a single‐panel projector with remarkably simple optics, where the technology supports up to ∼75% throughput (reflectance) of unpolarized light, contrast ratios approaching 1000:1, and < 800 μs total switching time.
19.1: Invited Paper: Driver IC Packaging Technologies Using Anisotropic Conductive Films in Flat Panel Display
Authors: Watanabe Itsuo , Gotoh Yasushi
Published: January 2009

Anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) are adhesive films with anisotropic conductivity induced by dispersing conducting particles such as metal coated plastic balls and metal particles into polymer matrices such as thermoplastics and thermosetting resins. ACFs have been widely used for driver IC packaging technologies in FPDs(Flat panel displays) such as LCDs(Liquid crystal displays) for last two decades. So far various packaging technologies such as TCP(Tape carrier package) on LCD panel or PWB(Printed wiring board), COF(Chip on flex) on LCD panel or PWB, and COG(Chip on Glass) using ACFs have been realized to meet the requirement of fine pitch capability and make the flat panel displays smaller, lighter and thinner. In this paper, the history of ACF and driver IC packaging are described. In addition, it is mentioned that how important driver IC packaging is in implementing the miniaturization, high resolution, low cost and high display quality. ACF material design for COF which is advantageous in fine pitch interconnection is described. It is indicated that low temperature curable ACF is very useful in improving productivity of LCD modules and reducing the thermal stress at the interface in large LCD modules. We also indicates that the warpage of LCD panel after COG interconnection induces the light linkage issue in LCD modules. Lowering bonding temperature of ACF is also very important in reducing the warpae issue and avoiding the light linkage issue when COG is applied for driver IC packaging in large LCD modules.
4.3: LCD Response Time Evaluation in the Presence of Backlight Modulations
Authors: Becker Michael E.
Published: January 2009

This paper introduces a method for evaluation of the response times of LCDs when the measured temporal luminance function is dominated by periodic fluctuations induced by the pulse‐width modulation (PWM) circuit used for dimming of the backlight luminance. We present our implementation of deconvolution of the transition between the stationary states which is slowed‐down by the process of convolution (i.e. moving window averaging). with this method considerable errors in the evaluation of response times can easily be avoided and more realistic dynamic characteristics can be obtained for LCD‐monitors and LCD‐TVs. A second improved method is also outlined.
20.1: Mobile 3D Displays Based on a LTPS 2.4” VGA LCD Panel Attached with Lenticular Lens Sheets
Authors: Im Hee‐jin , Jung Sung‐min , Lee Byung‐joo , Hong Hyung‐ki , Shin Hyun‐ho
Published: January 2009

We developed the prototypes of 2‐view and multi‐view 3D displays based on LTPS 2.4″ VGA LCD panel with lenticular lens array sheets. In case of a 2‐view 3D, we attached the lens sheets, appropriate to a fine pitch LCD, in front of the panel. Throughout the advantage of high resolution, good 3D image quality was achieved with thinness and high brightness. for a multi‐view 3D, due to its large view number, smooth motion parallax and low visual fatigue are observed. From the results, we believe that the VGA LCDs with lenticular lens sheets are suitable for the application of the mobile 3D displays.
20.3: 2D/3D Dual‐Image Switchable Display
Authors: Kuo Wei‐Hung , Chou Weng‐Bing , Cheng Tsung‐Chin , Yeh Pi‐Chun , Jeng Yue‐Shin , Hu Chih‐Jen , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: January 2009

We have developed a novel 7 inch 2D/3D dual‐image switchable display which can display two different images when viewing this display at the left and the right side, and display 3D images by wearing special 3D glasses. The display can show 2D or 3D images in the single‐image mode, or one side is 2D images and the other side is 3D images in the dual‐image mode. The Viewing ranges of the dual‐image mode are from ±14 degrees to ±70 degrees.
21.1: Advanced Discharge Cell Design with CEL Realizing Very High Contrast over 20000:1
Authors: Naoi Taro , Lin Hai , Hirota Atsushi , Otani Eishiro , Yanai Yoshiaki , Jinno Satoshi , Ito Hiroshi , Matsuda Shin , Oida Osamu , Nakamura Tadashi , Amemiya Kimio
Published: January 2009

A new cell structure has been developed to realize very high darkroom contrast ratio. Crystal Emissive Layer (CEL) is added on the phosphor layers, in addition to that on the MgO layer. As this structure enables stable and very low luminance reset discharge, high contrast ratio over 20000:1 has been achieved in new Pioneer's PDP “KURO”.
21.2: Very High Contrast PDP Driving Method on Advanced CEL Cell Panel
Authors: Hashimoto Koji , Itakura Shunsuke , Tokunaga Tsutomu , Ishizuka Mitsuhiro , Iwaoka Shigeru , Saegusa Nobuhiko
Published: January 2009

A newly developed driving waveform for the advanced Crystal Emissive Layer (CEL) structure panel employs opposed discharges both on reset and LSB‐SF. The darkroom contrast ratio has been improved over 20000:1 and gradation luminance minimum step has been reduced to 1/4 of conventional PDPs by the reduction of LSB‐SF luminance in the new PDP “KURO”.
5.1: Analysis of the Anisotropy of Bend Transition for OCB LCD with Low Initialization Voltage
Authors: Kizu Yuko , Hasegawa Ray , Kizaki Yukio , Amemiya Isao , Uchikoga Shuichi , Kojima Tetsuya , Nakao Kenji , Wakemoto Hirofumi
Published: January 2009

To improve the efficiency of bend transition in OCB, its anisotropy was analyzed. The transition antiparallel (opposite) to the rubbing direction was significantly fast and this anisotropy remained at low temperatures. We propose two effects of LC shear flow on the anisotropy. Based on a pixel design that takes the anisotropy into consideration, 40% reduction of the initialization voltage in a 3‐inch TFT‐LCD has been achieved.
22.1: Invited Paper: Technological Challenges for Large‐Size AMOLED Display
Authors: Kim Hye Dong , Jeong Jae Kyeong , Chung Hyun‐Joong , Mo Yeon‐Gon
Published: January 2009

In this work, we review the current technological challenges for large‐Size AMOLED displays with an emphasis on the backplane technology. Then, it will be discussed how the new technology of oxide TFTs combines the advantages of LTPS and a‐Si TFTs to make an optimal solution for large‐Size backplanes. In particular, we reveal the technological challenges in oxide TFTs by comparing the device characteristics of conventional excimer laser annealing (ELA) LTPS and amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) TFTs. Finally, we demonstrate a 12.1″ WXGA AMOLED prototype display fabricated by an a‐IGZO TFT backplane.
22.3: New Full Color OLEDs Technology Based on Advanced Color Conversion Method Using Ink‐Jet Printing
Authors: Kimura Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Koji , Saito Tetsuya , Nagai Masaru , Asakawa Tadashi , Li Chong , Hashida Hiroshi
Published: January 2009

In this paper, we describe the development of advanced color conversion method for full‐color AMOLED displays. Ink‐jet printing technique is innovated for processing color conversion materials to demonstrate 2.8″ full‐color a‐Si AMOLED display prototypes. They perform high efficiency with 100% NTSC gamut ratio and wide viewing angle, employing anode‐common top emission structure.
23.4: Invited Paper: Active‐Matrix Backplanes Produced by Roll‐to‐Roll Self‐Aligned Imprint Lithography (SAIL)
Authors: Jackson Warren B. , Almanza‐Workman Marcia , Chaiken Alison , Garcia Robert A. , Jeans Albert , Kwon Ohseung , Luo Hao , Mei Ping , Perlov Craig , Taussig Carl , Braymen Stephen , Jeffrey Frank , Hauschildt Jason
Published: January 2009

Progress in the development of a fully roll‐to‐roll self‐aligned imprint process for producing active matrix backplanes with submicron aligned features on flexible substrates is reported. High performance transistors, crossovers and addressable active matrix arrays have been designed and fabricated using imprint lithography. Such a process has the potential of significantly reducing the costs of large area displays. The progress, current status and remaining issues of this new fabrication technology are presented.