bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure Identification and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Lathyrol-3-phenylacetate-5,15-diacetate
Authors: Zhang Jian-ye , Huang Wen-jing , Sun Hong-mei , Liu Yun , Zhao Xiao-qin , Tang Si-li , Sun Ming-na , Wang Sheng , Li Jia-jun , Zhang Ling-ling , Zhou Jun-hua , Pan Qian-rong , Chen Hu-biao
Published: August 2017

Natural products from the genus Euphorbia show attention-attracting activities, such as anticancer activity. In this article, classical isolation and structure identification were used in a study on Caper Euphorbia Seed. Subsequently, MTT and wound healing assays, flow cytometry, western blotting, Hoechst 33258 staining and fluorescence microscopy examination were applied to investigate the anticancer activity of the obtained compounds. In a result, lathyrol-3-phenyl- acetate-5,15-diacetate (deoxy Euphorbia factor L1, DEFL1) was isolated from Caper Euphorbia Seed. Moreover, the NMR signals were totally assigned. DEFL1 showed potent inhibition against lung cancer A549 cells, with an IC50 value of 17.51 ± 0.85 μM. Furthermore, DEFL1 suppressed wound healing of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Mechanically, DEFL1 induced apoptosis, with involvement of an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), release of cytochrome c, activity raise of caspase-9 and 3. Characteristic features of apoptosis were observed by fluorescence microscopy. In summary, DEFL1 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells via a mitochondrial pathway.
Expression Profiling Identifies the Noncoding Processed Transcript of HNRNPU with Proliferative Properties in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sutaria Dhruvitkumar , Jiang Jinmai , Azevedo-Pouly Ana , Lee Eun , Lerner Megan , Brackett Daniel , Vandesompele Jo , Mestdagh Pieter , Schmittgen Thomas
Published: August 2017

A gene array was used to profile the expression of 22,875 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and a large number of protein coding genes in 47 specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), adjacent benign pancreas and the pancreas from patients without pancreatic disease. Of the lncRNAs profiled, the expression of 126 were significantly increased and 260 were decreased in the tumors (p < 0.05, 2-fold). The expression of one lncRNA in particular, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) processed transcript (also known as ncRNA00201) was among the most significantly deregulated (increased four-fold) in the tumors compared to normal/adjacent benign tissues. Increased expression of HNRNPU processed transcript was associated with poor prognosis for patients with PDAC. The expression of HNRNPU processed transcript was increased in PDAC cell lines compared to noncancerous pancreatic cell lines. LNATM gapmer mediated inhibition of HNRNPU processed transcript reduced cell proliferation in Patu-T and PL45 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Reduced invasion and migration was reported upon HNRNPU processed transcript knockdown in Patu-T cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of the HNRNPU protein coding gene correlated with a 55% reduction in the HNRNPU processed transcript expression and a corresponding reduction in proliferation of Patu-T and PL45 cells. However, gapmer inhibition of HNRNPU processed transcript did not affect HNRNPU mRNA levels. The lncRNA HNRNPU processed transcript expression is increased in both PDAC tissues and cell lines; knockdown of this lncRNA further reduces proliferation and invasion/migration of pancreatic carcinoma cells.
Dietary Cholesterol in the Elderly Chinese Population: An Analysis of CNHS 2010–2012
Authors: Pang Shao-Jie , Jia Shan-Shan , Man Qing-Qing , Song Shuang , Li Yu-Qian , Song Peng-Kun , Zhao Wen-Hua , Zhang Jian
Published: August 2017

Dietary cholesterol intake increased dramatically over the past two decades in the elderly Chinese population. However, the nationwide dietary cholesterol intake and its related factors seldom been investigated. Based on data from 16,594 participants aged 60 years or older (49.0% male, 54.8% urban residents) from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) 2010–2012, we aimed to describe the intake of cholesterol and major food contributions, as well as its association with serum cholesterol level and relationship with protein intake. Mean daily cholesterol intake for all participants was 217.4 mg, the mean cholesterol intakes in urban and rural areas were 264.0 mg and 168.8 mg, respectively. Cholesterol intake levels varied by age, gender, BMI and region (p < 0.001). In addition, the proportion of all participants who consumed greater than 300 mg of cholesterol per day was 26.6%. Eggs, red meats, and seafood were the top three food sources and their contributions to total daily cholesterol intake were 57.7%, 24.0% and 10.9% respectively. Serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were related to dietary cholesterol intake, with each 100 mg increase in dietary cholesterol intake apparently leading to a 0.035 mmol/L (p = 0.001) increase in serum TC and a 0.038 mmol/L (p < 0.001) increase in LDL-C. The partial correlation coefficients between dietary cholesterol and total protein, high-quality protein, intake of protein per kilogram body weight (BW), and high-quality protein percentage were 0.538, 0.580, 0.426, and 0.548, respectively, after adjusting for age, gender, and energy, fat and carbohydrate intakes (p < 0.001). In conclusion, there was a substantial urban-rural difference in cholesterol intake. Eggs and red meat were the main sources of dietary cholesterol intake. Serum TC and LDL-C were associated with dietary cholesterol and the response was linear. Dietary cholesterol intake was closely related to the intake of high-quality protein.
A Research Communication Brief: Gluten Analysis in Beef Samples Collected Using a Rigorous, Nationally Representative Sampling Protocol Confirms That Grain-Finished Beef Is Naturally Gluten-Free
Authors: McNeill Shalene , Cifelli Amy , Roseland Janet , Belk Keith , Woerner Dale , Gehring Kerri , Savell Jeffrey , Brooks J. , Thompson Leslie
Published: August 2017

Knowing whether or not a food contains gluten is vital for the growing number of individuals with celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Questions have recently been raised about whether beef from conventionally-raised, grain-finished cattle may contain gluten. To date, basic principles of ruminant digestion have been cited in support of the prevailing expert opinion that beef is inherently gluten-free. For this study, gluten analysis was conducted in beef samples collected using a rigorous nationally representative sampling protocol to determine whether gluten was present. The findings of our research uphold the understanding of the principles of gluten digestion in beef cattle and corroborate recommendations that recognize beef as a naturally gluten-free food.
The Role of Red Meat and Flavonoid Consumption on Cancer Prevention: The Korean Cancer Screening Examination Cohort
Authors: Kim So , Wie Gyung-Ah , Cho Yeong-Ah , Kang Hyun-hee , Ryu Kyoung-A. , Yoo Min-Kyong , Jun Shinyoung , Kim Seong-Ah , Ha Kyungho , Kim Jeongseon , Cho Yoon , Shin Sangah , Joung Hyojee
Published: August 2017

Markedly increased red meat consumption is a cancer risk factor, while dietary flavonoids may help prevent the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of red meat and flavonoid consumption with cancer risk, based on data from 8024 subjects, drawn from the 2004–2008 Cancer Screening Examination Cohort of the Korean National Cancer Center. Hazard ratios (HRs) were obtained by using a Cox proportional hazard model. During the mean follow-up period of 10.1 years, 443 cases were newly diagnosed with cancer. After adjusting for age, there was a significant correlation between cancer risk and the daily intake of ≥43 g of red meat per day (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.01, 1.71; p = 0.045), and total flavonoid intake tended to decrease cancer risk (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.49, 0.99; highest vs. lowest quartile; p-trend = 0.073) in men. Following multivariable adjustment, there were no statistically significant associations between flavonoid intake and overall cancer risk in individuals with high levels of red meat intake. Men with low daily red meat intake exhibited an inverse association between flavonoid consumption and cancer incidence (HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.21, 0.80; highest vs. lowest; p-trend = 0.017). Additional research is necessary to clarify the effects of flavonoid consumption on specific cancer incidence, relative to daily red meat intake.
Use of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for Extraction of Ocean Surface Wave Fields from X-Band Radar Measurements of the Sea Surface
Authors: Kammerer Andrew , Hackett Erin
Published: August 2017

Radar remote sensing of the sea surface for the extraction of ocean surface wave fields requires separating wave and non-wave contributions to the sea surface measurement. Conventional methods of extracting wave information from radar measurements of the sea surface rely on filtering the wavenumber-frequency spectrum using the linear dispersion relationship for ocean surface waves. However, this technique has limitations, e.g., it isn’t suited for the inclusion of non-linear wave features. This study evaluates an alternative method called proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for the extraction of ocean surface wave fields remotely sensed by marine radar. POD is an empirical and optimal linear method for representing non-linear processes. The method was applied to Doppler velocity data of the sea surface collected using two different radar systems during two different experiments that spanned a variety of environmental conditions. During both experiments, GPS mini-buoys simultaneously collected wave data. The POD method was used to generate phase-resolved wave orbital velocity maps that are statistically evaluated by comparing wave statistics computed from the buoy data to those obtained from these maps. The results show that leading POD modes contain energy associated with the peak wavelength(s) of the measured wave field, and consequently, wave contributions to the radar measurement of the sea surface can be separated based on modes. Wave statistics calculated from optimized POD reconstructions are comparable to those calculated from GPS wave buoys. The accuracy of the wave statistics generated from POD-reconstructed orbital velocity maps was not sensitive to the radar configuration or environmental conditions examined. Further research is needed to determine a rigorous method for selecting modes a priori.
Differential Phononic Crystal Sensor: Towards a Temperature Compensation Mechanism for Field Applications Development
Authors: Villa-Arango Simón , Betancur Sánchez David , Torres Róbinson , Kyriacou Panayiotis , Lucklum Ralf
Published: August 2017

Phononic crystals are resonant structures with great potential to be implemented in applications as liquid sensors. The use of the symmetry reduction technique allows introducing relevant transmission features inside bandgaps by creating defect modes in a periodic regular structure. These features can be used as measures to quantify changes in the speed of sound of liquid samples that could be related to the concentration of analytes or the presence of pathogens among other interesting applications. In order to be able to implement this new technology in more challenging applications, such as biomedical applications, it is necessary to have a very precise and accurate measurement. Changes in temperature greatly affect the speed of sound of the liquid samples, causing errors in the measurements. This article presents a phononic crystal sensor that, by introducing additional defect modes, can carry out differential measurements as a temperature compensation mechanism. Theoretical studies using the transmission line model and analytes at various temperatures show that the proposed temperature compensation mechanism enhances the performance of the sensor in a significant way. This temperature compensation strategy could also be implemented in crystals with different topologies.
Wake-Up Receiver with Equal-Gain Antenna Diversity
Authors: Kumberg Timo , Tannhaeuser Robert , Reindl Leonhard
Published: August 2017

Small scale fading signals resulting from multipath propagation can cause signal strength variations in the range of several dB. Resulting from the fluctuating signal strengths, the wake-up packet reception rate can decrease significantly. Using antenna diversity can greatly mitigate these effects. This article presents a novel wireless sensor node with wake-up receiver that uses an equal-gain diversity method with two antennas in the wake-up path. Summation of the two diversity branch signals is done after the passive demodulation of the incoming signals. As a result, the wireless sensor node requires almost no additional active parts that would increase power consumption. Furthermore, we demonstrate experimentally the improved wake-up robustness and reliability achieved by this diversity technique in a multipath environment.
The Green Supply Chain Design and Marketing Strategy for Perishable Food Based on Temperature Control
Authors: Yang Shuai , Xiao Yujie , Zheng Yan , Liu Yan
Published: August 2017

With the intensification of global warming and the levy of energy tax, more industries are paying attention to energy saving and reduction of carbon footprint. For the food industry, energy cost in the supply chain of perishable food is quite high because of cold-chain transport and storage. Therefore, the efficacies of cold chain management and inventory control are the key factors that increase the efficiency of food supply chain and make it more ecological. This research analyzes the degradation process of perishable food and determines the optimal temperature of the cold chain as well as the optimal price to maximize the channel profit. We prove that there is an optimal price with a certain temperature and develop an efficient search algorithm to find the optimal temperature. We also perform sensitivity analyses to test which parameters affect the channel profit significantly. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the proposed models.
The Impact of Pricing Policies on Irrigation Water for Agro-Food Farms in Ecuador
Authors: Franco-Crespo Christian , Sumpsi Viñas Jose
Published: August 2017

The institutional reform of the State established in Ecuador during the last decade has aimed at regaining control of specific sectors such as the consumptive use of water. Since 2014, regulation, consumption, and use of water, especially in agriculture, have been analyzed through policies and fiscal instruments. This research presents itself in the context of the simulation of scenarios using positive mathematical programming, to analyze the economic impact of pricing policies on agro-food farms. Policies of fixed costs, water blocks, and volumetric prices are evaluated. The results show that the existing fixed costs do not reduce water consumption. In contrast, the scenarios of water blocks and volumetric prices impact on the behavior of farmers. The tendency of water consumption to the application of volumetric prices demonstrates that banana farms have a greater tolerance to the increase of water costs. On the other hand, the response to an increase in cost in the case of cacao, sugar cane, and rice depends on the productivity of farmers. The negative effects can lead to the abandonment of agriculture. Thus, volumetric policies are more efficient in reducing water consumption as well as in recovering the costs of the irrigation system.
Meso-Scale Urban Form Elements for Bus Transit-Oriented Development: Evidence from Seoul, Republic of Korea
Authors: Sun Se , Her Jaeseok , Lee Sae-Young , Lee Jae
Published: August 2017

Rapid urbanization and the increased use of private vehicles have led to many urban problems. Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been proposed as a solution to these problems. The present study examined the relationship between meso-scale urban form and bus ridership, as well as the link between bus and subway use in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Spatial regression models identified the effects of TOD planning factors on bus ridership at 2300 target bus stops in Seoul. The analysis revealed that TOD planning factors have a significant positive impact on bus ridership. In addition, the result indicated a complementary relationship between bus and subway use, implying that transportation policies designed to promote bus transport use through connecting bus and subway services may be effective strategies.
A Semi-Analytical Model for the Hydraulic Resistance Due to Macro-Roughnesses of Varying Shapes and Densities
Authors: Cassan Ludovic , Roux Hélène , Garambois Pierre-André
Published: August 2017

A friction model resulting from investigations into macro-roughness elements in fishways has been compared with a broad range of studies in the literature under very different bed configurations. In the context of flood modelling or aquatic habitats, the aim of the study is to show that the formulation is applicable to both emergent or submerged obstacles with either low or high obstacle concentrations. In the emergent case, the model takes into account free surface variations at large Froude numbers. In the submerged case, a vegetation model based on the double-averaging concept is used with a specific turbulence closure model. Calculation of the flow in the roughness elements gives the total hydraulic resistance uniquely as a function of the obstacles’ drag coefficient. The results show that the model is highly robust for all the rough beds tested. The averaged accuracy of the model is about 20% for the discharge calculation. In particular, we obtain the known values for the limiting cases of low confinement, as in the case of sandy beds.
Insights For Coastal Destination Development: The Practices Of Kiteboarders In The Netherlands
Authors: Derriks Timo
Published: August 2017

Soft adventure is a popular tourism niche that northwest coastal destinations in Europe, such as the province of Zeeland in the Netherlands, are increasingly targeting. Many of these cold-water coastal destinations are struggling with strategies and policies that could maintain or increase
their market share, often through the improvement of coastal products and image of the destination. One water sport that has gained enormous popularity in the last decade is kiteboarding. The practices of kiteboarders, which are informed by practice theory and conceptualized by the kiteboarding
session, are studied through multiple methods. The research findings led to practical recommendations for deliberate interventions that support coastal destination policies targeting this niche.
The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: Hunting for the Most Extreme Obscured AGN at >10 keV
Authors: Lansbury G. B. , Alexander D. M. , Aird J. , Gandhi P. , Stern D. , Koss M. , Lamperti I. , Ajello M. , Annuar A. , Assef R. J. , Ballantyne D. R. , Baloković M. , Bauer F. E. , Brandt W. N. , Brightman M. , Chen C.-T. J. , Civano F. , Comastri A. , Moro A. Del , Fuentes C. , Harrison F. A. , Marchesi S. , Masini A. , Mullaney J. R. , Ricci C. , Saez C. , Tomsick J. A. , Treister E. , Walton D. J. , Zappacosta L.
Published: August 2017

We identify sources with extremely hard X-ray spectra (i.e., with photon indices of

Γ
≲
0.6

) in the 13 deg2
NuSTAR serendipitous survey, to search for the most highly obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected at

>
10

keV

. Eight extreme NuSTAR sources are identified, and we use the NuSTAR data in combination with lower-energy X-ray observations (from Chandra, Swift XRT, and XMM-Newton) to characterize the broadband (0.5–24 keV) X-ray spectra. We find that all of the extreme sources are highly obscured AGNs, including three robust Compton-thick (CT;

N

H

>
1.5
×

10

24

cm−2) AGNs at low redshift (

z
<
0.1

) and a likely CT AGN at higher redshift (z = 0.16). Most of the extreme sources would not have been identified as highly obscured based on the low-energy (

<
10

keV) X-ray coverage alone. The multiwavelength properties (e.g., optical spectra and X-ray–mid-IR luminosity ratios) provide further support for the eight sources being significantly obscured. Correcting for absorption, the intrinsic rest-frame 10–40 keV luminosities of the extreme sources cover a broad range, from

≈
5
×

10

42

to 1045 erg s−1. The estimated number counts of CT AGNs in the NuSTAR serendipitous survey are in broad agreement with model expectations based on previous X-ray surveys, except for the lowest redshifts (

z
<
0.07

), where we measure a high CT fraction of

f

CT

obs

=

30

−
12

+
16

%

. For the small sample of CT AGNs, we find a high fraction of galaxy major mergers (50% ± 33%) compared to control samples of “normal” AGNs.
VLA Observations of the Disk around the Young Brown Dwarf 2MASS J044427+2512
Authors: Ricci L. , Rome H. , Pinilla P. , Facchini S. , Birnstiel T. , Testi L.
Published: August 2017

We present multi-wavelength radio observations obtained with the VLA of the protoplanetary disk surrounding the young brown dwarf 2MASS J04442713+2512164 (2M0444) in the Taurus star-forming region. 2M0444 is the brightest known brown dwarf disk at millimeter wavelengths, making this an ideal target to probe radio emission from a young brown dwarf. Thermal emission from dust in the disk is detected at 6.8 and 9.1 mm, whereas the 1.36 cm measured flux is dominated by ionized gas emission. We combine these data with previous observations at shorter sub-mm and mm wavelengths to test the predictions of dust evolution models in gas-rich disks after adapting their parameters to the case of 2M0444. These models show that the radial drift mechanism affecting solids in a gaseous environment has to be either completely made inefficient, or significantly slowed down by very strong gas pressure bumps in order to explain the presence of mm/cm-sized grains in the outer regions of the 2M0444 disk. We also discuss the possible mechanisms for the origin of the ionized gas emission detected at 1.36 cm. The inferred radio luminosity for this emission is in line with the relation between radio and bolometric luminosity valid for for more massive and luminous young stellar objects, and extrapolated down to the very low luminosity of the 2M0444 brown dwarf.
Alignment between Protostellar Outflows and Filamentary Structure
Authors: Stephens Ian W. , Dunham Michael M. , Myers Philip C. , Pokhrel Riwaj , Sadavoy Sarah I. , Vorobyov Eduard I. , Tobin John J. , Pineda Jaime E. , Offner Stella S. R. , Lee Katherine I. , Kristensen Lars E. , Jørgensen Jes K. , Goodman Alyssa A. , Bourke Tyler L. , Arce Héctor G. , Plunkett Adele L.
Published: August 2017

We present new Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of CO(2–1) outflows toward young, embedded protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud as part of the Mass Assembly of Stellar Systems and their Evolution with the SMA (MASSES) survey. For 57 Perseus protostars, we characterize the orientation of the outflow angles and compare them with the orientation of the local filaments as derived from Herschel observations. We find that the relative angles between outflows and filaments are inconsistent with purely parallel or purely perpendicular distributions. Instead, the observed distribution of outflow-filament angles are more consistent with either randomly aligned angles or a mix of projected parallel and perpendicular angles. A mix of parallel and perpendicular angles requires perpendicular alignment to be more common by a factor of ∼3. Our results show that the observed distributions probably hold regardless of the protostar’s multiplicity, age, or the host core’s opacity. These observations indicate that the angular momentum axis of a protostar may be independent of the large-scale structure. We discuss the significance of independent protostellar rotation axes in the general picture of filament-based star formation.
An Upper Limit on the Mass of a Central Black Hole in the Large Magellanic Cloud from the Stellar Rotation Field
Authors: Boyce H. , Lützgendorf N. , van der Marel R. P. , Baumgardt H. , Kissler-Patig M. , Neumayer N. , de Zeeuw P. T.
Published: August 2017

We constrain the possible presence of a central black hole (BH) in the center of the Large Magellanic Cloud. This requires spectroscopic measurements over an area of the order of a square degree, due to the poorly known position of the kinematic center. Such measurements are now possible with the impressive field of view of the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the ESO Very Large Telescope. We used the Calcium Triplet (∼850 nm) spectral lines in many short-exposure MUSE pointings to create a two-dimensional integrated-light line-of-sight velocity map from the

individual spectra, taking care to identify and remove Galactic foreground populations. The data reveal a clear velocity gradient at an unprecedented spatial resolution of 1 arcmin2. We fit kinematic models to arrive at a

upper-mass limit of

for any central BH—consistent with the known scaling relations for supermassive black holes and their host systems. This adds to the growing body of knowledge on the presence of BHs in low-mass and dwarf galaxies, and their scaling relations with host-galaxy properties, which can shed light on theories of BH growth and host system interaction.
L’Astrée, 1619
Authors: Giavarini Laurence
Published: August 2017

Quel rapport la troisième partie de l’Astrée, parue en 1619 entretient-elle avec la prise du pouvoir de Louis  XIII deux ans plus tôt ? Après avoir formulé des propositions sur l’écriture d’Honoré d’Urfé comme action politique « à distance », cet article s’intéresse aux significations possibles de l’épître dédicatoire à « Louis le Juste », puis à trois histoires exemplaires venues du monde curial et enchâssées dans la fiction pastorale : celles-ci montrent que les rois et les fils de rois sont les acteurs d’une dégradation des valeurs de la chevalerie et d’un doute porté sur la sainteté monarchique – tandis qu’est laissée au monde pastoral la préservation du sens des lois d’amour et de l’histoire.
French multinationals in the United States
Authors: Wilkins Mira
Published: August 2017

Les multinationales françaises aux Etats-Unis ont une histoire complexe et discontinue, caractérisée par l’irrégularité et par des entrées épisodiques sur le marché américain. Elle peut se diviser en six phases : les années antérieures à 1870, 1870-1914, 1914-1931, 19321945, 1946-1970, 1971-1992. Comme beaucoup de firmes françaises ont dû battre en retraite, une bonne partie de l’histoire des premières implantations françaises est tombée dans l’oubli. Cet article cherche à expliquer les retraits complets et les retraits partiels. Il met en évidence la fragilité particulière des entreprises mixtes, mais aussi la multiplicité des autres raisons de départ de sociétés françaises. Il fournit un nouvel éclairage sur la compétitivité des firmes françaises, qui est décidément à mettre en rapport avec le modèle français d’investissements directs aux Etats-Unis.
Migration sélective des adultes et inégalités face au décès entre milieux urbains et ruraux au Burkina Faso
Authors: Lankoande Bruno , Sié Ali
Published: August 2017

En prenant l’exemple du Burkina Faso, où les migrations du milieu rural vers le milieu urbain continuent d’alimenter abondamment le processus d’urbanisation, cette recherche teste les effets nets de la migration sur le différentiel de mortalité entre milieux urbains et ruraux chez les adultes de 15 à 74 ans. Elle s’appuie sur les informations recueillies dans les observatoires de population situés à la campagne (Nouna) et en ville (Ouagadougou) sur une période récente (2009-2013). Les données longitudinales sont exploitées avec un modèle semi-paramétrique de Cox. Dans un milieu rural où les conditions sanitaires sont peu favorables, ce sont les individus en bonne santé qui migrent en direction des villes, renforçant ainsi à court terme l’avantage sanitaire urbain. Malgré cette sélection d’abord positive en termes de santé, ils perdent leur avantage sanitaire au fil du temps avec la résidence en milieu urbain, ce qui constitue probablement un frein à la transition de la mortalité à l’échelle du pays, dans la mesure où ces derniers étaient en meilleure santé dans leur milieu d’origine. Pour les migrants de retour (rural-urbain-rural), on n’observe pas d’effet de sélection. Au-delà des effets de composition et de contexte, la sélection positive des migrants rural-urbain contribue à exacerber le désavantage sanitaire du milieu rural vis-à-vis du milieu urbain.
Évolution de la taille des familles au fil des générations en France (1850-1966)
Authors: Brée Sandra
Published: August 2017

À travers l’analyse longitudinale des parités et des probabilités d’agrandissement, cet article retrace l’évolution de la fécondité des générations féminines en France nées entre 1850 et 1966. Après avoir présenté les sources et données disponibles (recensements de population et enquêtes Famille), et les méthodes utilisées pour l’analyse rétrospective de la fécondité des générations, l’auteure propose des estimations de l’évolution de la taille des familles sur plus d’un siècle. L’étude de l’évolution conjointe de la taille des familles et de la descendance finale améliore la compréhension des tendances de la fécondité, et plus particulièrement le poids de l’évolution de chaque taille de famille dans l’évolution générale de la fécondité. Elle nuance ainsi les conclusions que l’on pourrait tirer de la lecture des simples moyennes (descendances finales) en montrant qu’à descendance finale égale, la distribution des parités peut être très variable, et encourage à toujours prendre en compte la composition des familles dans l’analyse de la fécondité. Cette recherche souligne également l’intérêt de la différenciation de la fécondité de l’ensemble des femmes, des femmes ayant été mariées et des femmes célibataires, notamment dans l’analyse de l’infécondité et des basses fécondités (1 enfant).
Une enquête auprès d’adolescents nés avec le VIH : le projet TEEWA en Thaïlande
Authors: Le Cœur Sophie , Lelièvre Éva , Kanabkaew Cheeraya , Sirirungsi Wasna
Published: August 2017

La Thaïlande a été l’un des pays d’Asie les plus durement touchés par l’épidémie de VIH/sida. Avant que ne soit mise en place la généralisation de la prévention de la transmission mère-enfant (à partir de 1999), un grand nombre d’enfants sont nés infectés par le VIH et atteignent maintenant l’âge de l’adolescence grâce aux traitements. Si quelques études qualitatives ont permis d’étudier la situation familiale et les conditions de vie de ces adolescents, pour la première fois le projet TEEWA (TEEns Living With ARV) propose une enquête quantitative nationale, effectuée entre 2010 et 2012, auprès de 10 % des adolescents de 12 à 19 ans infectés à la naissance et sous traitement antirétroviral. Elle permet de faire le point sur leur situation et de la comparer à celle d’adolescents en population générale. L’article présente le dispositif d’enquête original tenant compte des enjeux méthodologiques et éthiques particuliers à la situation d’enquête auprès d’une population doublement vulnérable, par son âge et son statut VIH.
Innovation Frugale Environnementale : Futur Avantage Concurrentiel de la Firme ?
Authors: Bouvier-Patron Paul
Published: August 2017

En innovation, la sophistication technologique associée au marketing se traduit par une course en avant avec mobilisation extensive et intensive des ressources ainsi que, souvent, non prise en compte des externalités négatives avant, pendant et après la mise sur le marché d’un produit. Cette démarche adoptée par les entreprises occidentales est relativement onéreuse et le devient plus encore pour rester concurrentiel. Dans la mondialisation, l’Innovation Frugale (IF), parmi d'autres scénarios (délocalisation ou numérisation), représente une alternative pour baisser le coût d'innovation. Outre une présentation de l'IF, nous considèrerons la voie d'un Avantage Concurrentiel articulant Frugalité et Environnement.
Trauma-Informed Care and Practice: Practice Improvement Strategies in an Inpatient Mental Health Ward
Authors: Beckett Paul , Holmes Douglas , Phipps Monique , Patton Declan , Molloy Luke
Published: August 2017

A growing body of evidence highlights that trauma is the single most significant predictor that an individual will need support from mental health services. Yet despite this association, mental health services have been slow to provide approaches to care and treatment that deal directly with trauma. Embedding the principles of trauma-informed care and practice (TICP) in acute inpatient ward practice can lead to practice improvement and cultural change over a number of areas. The current service evaluation highlights how these principles can inform practice and the positive affect this has on areas such as seclusion and restraint, therapeutic engagement, and ward routines. TICP complements recovery-focused models of care and promotes collaborative and empowering relationships in the inpatient setting. Embedding this approach in inpatient mental health units can lead to changes in professional practice and service provision that benefit service users. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(10), 34–38.]
Effects of Physical Limitations on Daily Activities Among Adults With Mental Health Disorders: Opportunities for Nursing and Occupational Therapy Interventions
Authors: Gardner Jennifer , Swarbrick Margaret , Ackerman Ariane , Church Theodora , Rios Vanessa , Valente Laura , Rutledge John
Published: August 2017

Individuals living with mental health disorders served by the public mental health system often face comorbid medical conditions that affect their quality of life and lifespan. The effect of physical limitations on the engagement in daily activities among individuals living with mental health disorders has not been extensively researched. Adults attending community wellness centers (
N
= 53) in a northeastern United State were included in a descriptive study exploring the impact of physical limitations on daily activities. The activities most frequently affected were: walking or moving around, sleeping, and finding a job. The physical limitations affecting these three activities were lack of energy and pain. Health care professionals, including mental health nurses and occupational therapy practitioners, are in an ideal position to collaborate by evaluating and offering treatment interventions that address physical limitations to positively affect occupational functioning and recovery. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55
(10), 45–51.]
The Forms of Water: in the land and in the soul
Authors: Malpas Jeff
Published: August 2017

Water, its presence or absence, and the forms in which it appears, is fundamental to any and every place on earth. Indeed, along with soil, air and light, water is elemental to place, and so also to all life and dwelling in place. Moreover, human life is itself essentially determined through its entanglement in place and places, and so is constituted, if indirectly, perhaps, through water and its forms. The centrality of place that I am alluding to here arises out of a conception of the relation between human being and place, according to which who and what we are is fundamentally determined by the places in which we live – and this is so even while places are also shaped by the lives that are formed within them.
Freshwater Lens, Settlement Patterns, Resource Use and Connectivity in the Marshall Islands
Authors: Spennemann Dirk
Published: August 2017

Life on coral atolls can be very precarious. The sand cay islets are low-lying (in the main less than 2m above high water) and small. Only the larger islands (over 500m by 1000m) are suitable for permanent human habitation, as they possess a fragile lens of freshwater floating on top of a saltwater base. It is this lens of groundwater that allows for a variety of plant life, and it is this source of fresh water that allows humans to exist on the island. Environmental disasters, such as typhoons with waves of over 10m washing across an entire islet, can swamp the groundwater lens with saltwater, causing salinisation and thus imperilling human survival.

To reduce the consequences of the environmental disasters, Marshallese chiefs had land holdings scattered over several islands of the same atoll, as well as land rights and, importantly, rights to resources, on other atolls. In times of disaster there were thus other resources to call upon. That level of connectivity allowed the Marshallese society to thrive on the marginal land they inhabited.
Legal Approaches to the ownership, management and regulation of water from riparian rights to commodification
Authors: Gray Janice
Published: August 2017

This paper offers a descriptive overview of the way in which New South Wales water law has developed and in so doing briefly considers Roman law, the common law of England, the common law of Australia and various statutory regimes for the public management of water. The paper also raises the issue of water regulation and management by reference to Garret Hardin’s work, on the need to regulate a commons.
“The Only Thing they have to Bargain with is their own Self”: masculinity and protesting immigration detention
Authors: Browning Julie
Published: August 2017

This paper explores questions around masculinity and immigration detention. It suggests that masculinity constitutes a dimension present in both the rationale for incarcerating unauthorised asylum seekers and in practices of resistance against their incarceration. In modern Australia, the enclosed spaces of immigration detention are sites of bitter struggle. Brutality permeates the detention space and all detainees are vulnerable to its permutations, but men are the principal targets of the detention regime and are typically the primary instigators of mass demonstrations. Group protests are a response to the constraining system of incarceration and seek particular resolution. In this masculine space a form of male resistance has publicised the devastation of detention.
Weavers & Warriors? Gender and Online Identity in 1997 and 2007 V1.0
Authors: Ruane Deirdre
Published: August 2017

In 1997 the Internet was seen by many as a tool for radical reinterpretation of physicality and gender. Cybertheorists predicted we would leave our bodies behind and interact online as disembodied minds, and that the technology would reshape the way we saw ourselves. However, physicality has proved to be an inextricable part of all our interactions. Changing Internet technology has allowed Net users to find a myriad ways to perform and express their gender online.

In this paper I consider attitudes to gender on the Net in 1997, when the main concerns were the imbalance between men and women online and whether it was possible or desirable to bring the body into online interactions. In much of the discourse surrounding gender online, a simple binary was assumed to exist. I go on to consider the extent to which those attitudes have changed today. Through my own experience of setting up a women’s community on Livejournal, and my observations of a men’s community set up in response, I conclude that though traditional attitudes to gender have largely translated to the Net and the binary is still the default view, some shifts have occurred. For example, between 1997 and today there seems to have been a fundamental change in perceptions of women’s attitudes to adversarial debate, and an increase in awareness of genders beyond the binary.

In addition, experience and preliminary investigation lead me toward a hypothesis that today’s female-identified Net users are engaged in more conscious and active exploration and performance of their gender online than male-identified users are.
Spam Agenda, V1.0
Authors: Dorris B.
Published: August 2017

There is an asymmetry between the way men perceive women and the way women perceive men. My first insight into gender on the internet came when I would go through the spam that would arrive in my email folder everyday and delete it. While the contents made me giggle at times, it did rouse some questions, like: Do women feel sexually inadequate? How do we perceive members of the opposite sex? Why is there gender discrimination and rape and what are the effects of this offline threat when we are online? On the whole it seems that, online, the power relations and techniques of interaction between the genders resemble the traditional models which have prevailed in real life – men are driven by insecurity and women by caution.
Countermapping: New South Wales and Southeast Asia
Authors: Byrne Denis
Published: August 2017

forthcoming
What Makes a Carpet Fly? Cultural Studies in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Muecke Stephen
Published: August 2017

This paper aims to open up a cultural studies conversation on the Indian Ocean. Knowledge of the Indian Ocean should be born of the problems encountered in situ, rather than viewed and assessed from afar in erstwhile colonial centres. Networks and institutional links have to be created to sustain an interdisciplinary conversation leading to this decolonisation of knowledge. In investigating the interplay of commerce and culture, this paper abandons the critical separation of the two in favour of a critical engagement with forces of globalisation. As a precolonial global economy, the Indian Ocean offers considerable historical depth to the current ranking of economic powers. But within a general problematic of the theory of value, there is no doubt that cultural forms (narratives, myths religious beliefs, artefacts) are fundamental to the organising forces of trade, and not just ‘adding value’ in market transactions.
Cultures of Protest in Transnational Contexts: Indian Seamen Abroad, 1885-1945
Authors: Balachandran Gopalan
Published: August 2017

This paper offers a preliminary exploration of contexts and forms of protest and defiance of authority by Indian seafarers employed on ocean-going steam vessels over six decades to the end of World War II. Though relatively small in numbers and apparently untypical in many respects of a ‘modern’ industrial workforce, the study of Indian seafarers can shed interesting light on several wider aspects of Indian labour history. The transnational and trans-cultural context of employment of Indian seamen also helps illuminate their subjectivities, knowledges, and agencies in ways that are obscured in more insular histories, while their encounters with bosses and others in authority invite us to re-examine pervasive notions of cultural difference–‘owned’ as well as attributed.

This paper is not about union-led protests, nor about ‘everyday’ forms of resistance. It dwells instead on a potentially vast and apparently uncharted middle ground of collective resistance by ships’ crews. Such resistance, perhaps simmering for weeks at sea, came to head at key moments, usually upon arrival at a foreign port, close to sailing, or when seamen were being transferred from one vessel to another. It could involve, besides the seamen themselves and their ships’ officers, a swathe of state agencies including local authorities, the police, and the judiciary, though rarely if ever, unions of local seamen.

On the evidence here, the culture of work and protest of Indian seamen appears to have been informed by a certain rationality–a certain careful weighing of costs, benefits, and opportunities for engagement and disengagement, including through protest–that is altogether at odds with characteristic representations of Calcutta jute workers and British maritime workers enduring similar circumstances or facing similar ‘choices’. At the same time this culture was open to modern, secular, and transnational solidarities grounded in universalist values. Paradoxes of this nature demand a sustained effort to recover and re-interpret the complex but immensely creative subjectivities that Indian workers and seafarers (and needless to add other Asian, African, and Caribbean workers and seamen) developed and articulated within the fluid and liminal spaces they inhabited.
Collective Strategies and Windfall Catches: Fisher Responses to Tsunami Relief Efforts in South India
Authors: Bavinck Maarten
Published: August 2017

To the surprise of both governments and NGOs, village-level caste organisations – or panchayats - played a significant role in the post-tsunami relief effort to fisher-men in Tamil Nadu, India. This paper discusses the pro-active role of caste pancha-yats in relief from the perspective of social resilience, a factor that is frequently ar-gued to be of importance for disaster management. It presents panchayat action as an expression of collective agency that has a long tradition in the fishing villages of the region. Finally, comparing the reactions of caste panchayats in the post-tsunami situation with their performance in other instances of collective need, it considers their future role in fields such as fisheries management.
Creating Religious Identities: Buddhist Monuments in Colonial and Post-Colonial India
Authors: Ray Himanshu Prabha
Published: August 2017

This paper draws on my work on the maritime history of early South and Southeast Asia and the use of sea-lanes of the Indian Ocean by pilgrims for visits to sites associated with the life of the Buddha. A second perspective is provided by the rediscovery of Buddhism in Europe coinciding with the development of new disciplines, including archaeology. These disciplines were introduced into India with the government-sponsored Archaeological Survey of India, founded in 1871. Alexander Cunningham, the first Director-General, brought Buddhism to the forefront and established its study as a separate sub-discipline. This had far-reaching implications for the demarcation and archaeological investigation of many of the monuments linked to Buddhism, especially Bodh Gaya and Sanchi. This paper addresses the issue of the manifestation of a Buddhist identity in colonial India. It is often suggested that this identity owed its origins to the formation of the Mahabodhi Society and the emergence of nationalism in Sri Lanka. This paper examines political developments in India in the context of the Navayana or the Neo-Buddhist path, forged by B.R. Ambedkar on the 2500th anniversary of Buddha’s parinirvana, or demise, in 1956. To what extent did this newly formed identity become interlinked with the identification and control of archaeological sites in India and their redefinition? How did the renegotiation of Buddhist identity affect India’s relationship with Thailand?
Review: Global Indian Diasporas
Authors: Davidson Lola Sharon
Published: August 2017

Book Review
Mirroring Modernity: on consumerism in cosmopolitan Zanzibar
Authors: Prestholdt Jeremy
Published: August 2017

This essay develops an image of nineteenth century Zanzibari consumer sensibilities by demonstrating how goods from and new engagements with distant locales affected the socio-cultural landscape of Zanzibar. The East African port’s particular cosmopolitanism represents one form of social reconstitution stimulated by global integration. It also represents a material vision of global relations that was discounted by nineteenth century theorizations of Western modernity. By focusing on the rise of a new materiality in Zanzibar, I excavate precolonial visions of global relations and cultural assimilations of global symbols. I argue that East African desires for goods produced all over the globe represented not simply a Westernization, Indicization, or Arabization of Zanzibar, but also a reconfiguration of a standardized set of global materials in an attempt to bring Zanzibari cultural forms into conversation with broader global trends.
Indian environmental politics: an interview
Authors: Baviskar Amita
Published: August 2017

Amita Baviskar is a key analyst of environmental politics and culture in India. Her research and publications have addressed the intense conflicts over water, caste and class arising from the Narmada River dams, and she is currently working on the politics of urban conservation and contestations over public space in Delhi in the lead up to the Commonwealth Games.