bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESIGN And IMPLEMENTATION Of HYDRIC CONTROLLER For TWOWHEELED ROBOT
Authors: Abougarair Ahmed J.
Published: September 2024

The two-wheeled robotic machine (TWRM) with five degrees of freedom (DOF) is a type of mobile robot that consists of two wheels and a body that can rotate and move in different directions. The proposed architecture of the TWRM in this paper features five DOFs, which allows for greater flexibility and range of motion. However, this also makes controlling the system more challenging, as thecenter of mass (COM) changes while performing tasks in multiple directions. To address this issue, the study utilizes a state-space model created by linearizing the non-linear modeling equations at the equilibrium point using the Lagrangian modeling. To stabilize the TWRM, several controllers were evaluated, including PID, LQR, and LQR with PID methods. The PID controller is a popular feedbackcontrol strategy that adjusts the control output based on the error between the desired and actual values of the systemoutput. LQR is a state-space control technique that aims to minimize a cost function that expresses the system's performance criteria. The PID with LQR technique combines the strengths of both strategies, with PID used as a feed-forward to control the intermediate body (IB) and end-effector and LQR used as state feedback to regulate all states. The controllers were evaluated under variouscircumstances, including disturbance signals, trackingpathways, and moving actuators. Simulation results showedthat the LQR with LQR controller performed better thanthe other two control systems in terms of least overshoot,rising time, and applied input forces. This suggests that thePID with LQR technique is a robust and effective controlstrategy for stabilizing the TWRM and improving itsperformance for various tasks.
Toward a Free Platform for Financial Islamic Instruments: Analysis, Design and Development Special Case "MURABAHA"
Authors: Bahi Noureddine
Published: September 2024

the aim of this study is to analyze the informationsystem in Islamic bank by using Unified ModelingLanguage (UML). The major objective is to prepare thebackground for all actors working in Islamic bank tounderstand and use this free platform speciallyMURABAHA act.
Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Grinding by Magnetic Barkhausen Noise
Authors: Sawalem Mohamed , Blaow Mohamed
Published: September 2024

The effect of residual stresses and the lubricanttype in grinding on the characteristics of magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) profiles were examined in lowalloy steel of the type used for wear-resistant engineeringcomponents. A shotpeened and ground in differentconditions specimens were tested. MBN measurementsshowed that the intensity of the signal increases with abusivegrinding due to residual tensile stresses and decreases withshot peening due to residual compressive stresses. Anincrease was seen in wet grinding specimens as comparedwith the heat-treated specimen. The increase in MBN aftergrinding was due to local heating with transition from theinitial stage of strong martensitic structure, with residualstress of compression, to the following stage of lowerhardening with tendency to residual stress of tensilecharacter. In addition, Barkhausen signals from surfacesground under controlled conditions were found to bedependent on the lubricant type. The decrease in MBNafter shotpeening was due to the accumulation of residualcompressive stresses introduced to the martensitic structure. The observations are discussed in the light of establishedmodels of Barkhausen noise.
Semantic Web Technologies for Classification and Indexing of E-government Archive
Authors: Aburawi Yousef , Albaour Bdulbaset
Published: September 2024

Semantic web Meta data and natural languageprocessing technologies can be combined to produce systems that working more efficiently for classification and retrievalof documents. The main aim of this Paper is applyingsemantic web technologies and tools for indexing,classifying, and retrieving Arabic content documents withinE-government archive by using semantic web annotation technology and natural language processing (NLP).
Monitoring and Quantifying Burn Wounds on Pig Skin using Thermal Measurements
Authors: Al-khwaji Abdusalam , Tom Diller Tom
Published: September 2024

A new thermal method for detecting burnseverity or monitoring burn wound healing is presented. The thermal measurement method avoids the need forintroducing any substance or radiation to monitor bloodperfusion or detect the depth of burnt tissue. The method ofpredicting and monitoring burns was tested experimentallyby implementing four different burn severities on two pigsand monitoring the burns over five days. Averagedestimated thermal resistance and blood perfusion valueswere used to detect burn depth from thermalmeasurements. A damage function was introduced toillustrate those burns which cause third degree burns. The20 and 75-second burns were quantified as third degreeburns. The laboratory measured non-perfused layerscalibrates very well with the estimated burn depth from theperfusion-thermal resistance probe. This paper hasdemonstrated the ability of perfusion-thermal resistanceprobe to characterize burn severity
Oil Formation Volume Factor Empirical Correlations for some Libyan Crude Oils
Authors: Edreder Elmahboub , Rahuma Khulud , Kalaflla Hamza
Published: September 2024

Physical properties of reservoir fluid arenecessary for different field applications. Among those properties is the Oil Formation Volume Factor (Bo). It isone of important property for both reservoir andproduction engineering. In many situations, laboratorymeasurement is not possible either because ofunavailability of liquid oil samples or budget constraints,Hence, proper empirical correlations to predict formationvolume factor come to rescue. The purpose of thisexploration is to test the performance of the most commonpublished Oil Formation Volume Factor correlations forselected Libyan crude oils. Statistical analysis is thecriteria adopted for the evaluation in this study. Cross plottechnique is also applied to check the performance of thecorrelation and it gave the same index of the statisticalcriteria method. Accuracy of these correlations has been confirmed bycomparing the obtained results of these correlations withexperimental data gathered from our labs for Libyan oilreservoirs. It was observed that, there is acceptableagreement between predicted results with experimentalresults.
Thermal Efficiency in Steel Reheating Process
Authors: Abuluwefa H. T. Abuluwefa , Abusayf F. Abusayf
Published: September 2024

In this study, the energy consumption by theprocess of steel billet reheating in an industrial steel reheatfurnace at the Libya Iron and Steel Company (LISCO) isconsidered. It is known that in the steel industry, one of the processes requiring the most energy is the process ofreheating the steel prior to hot rolling. A comprehensivemass and heat balance was performed on the furnace, takinginto account all actual entering and exiting furnaceparameters. Furnace thermal efficiency was found to be lowand heat losses from different areas of the furnace wereconsiderable.
Optimization of Surface Roughness of Brass by Burnishing
Authors: Abdulaziz Abodena
Published: September 2024

Abstract—Cylindrical components are important inseveral industrial applications. The surface quality plays a role in part performance. Non-ferrous surfaces are difficultto-finishduetoseveralissuesencounteredingrindingthatis
optimum
for ferrous metals. Burnishing process, as a metaldeformation process, is believed to be more suitable since iteliminates sticking, wheel dulling and overheating. Themain objective of this work is to optimize the burnishingprocess that can be used to finish the surface of machinedparts. To achieve this, burnishing tool was designed andconstructed in such a way that it can be simply mounted orfixed onto the tool holder of the CNC lathe machine.Experiments are made according to the response surfacemethodology (RSM), in order to improve the reliability ofresults and to reduce the size of the experimental planwithout loss of accuracy. In this work, four burnishingparameters, namely, burnishing speed, feed, depth ofpenetration and number of passes were selected in order tostudy their effects on the surface roughness. Mathematicalmodels, which depend basically on the utilized experimentaldesign, have been developed. Variance of analysis wasconducted to determine the prominent parameters and theadequacy of the models. The results showed that goodsurface roughness can be obtained with minimum cost bytransferring the CNC lathe machine from machine tool tosuper-finishing machine using the proposed burnishing tool.From an initial average roughness of about Ra (4-5 µm), thespecimen could be finished to average roughness of 0.09 µm.
Optimal Economic Dispatch of Thermal-Wind Power Systems with Valve-Point Effects using A Modified JAYA Algorithm
Authors: Farhat Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a modified JAYA algorithm isapplied to solve the optimization problem of the economic load dispatch (ED). The valve-point effects as well as thesystem power losses are taken into account in the solution.The optimization problem is formulated to include windpower within the generation system. The consideration ofwind power is motivated by the globally increasing interestin the renewable energy sources in light of theenvironmental aspects. The JAYA algorithm is a recentlyintroduced optimization technique which has beenemployed to solve small-scaled optimization problems.Nevertheless, the algorithm’s convergence behaviour hasnot shown satisfying characteristics for large scaleconstrained optimization problems. To overcome thedrawbacks associated with the complex nonlinearities andhigh dimensionalities, some enhancements to thealgorithm’s features are embedded. The proposed algorithmis validated using some well-known test systems. Acomparison of the results with other algorithms is carriedout considering the effects of valve point as well as power losses.
دراسة استقصائية حول بروتوكول نظام اسم المجال والتحديات الأمنية المصاحبة له
Authors: الترجمان وسام
Published: September 2024

تكمن أهمية بروتوكول نظام اسم المجال في كونه أساسيا للقيام بأي عملية اتصال على شبكة المعلومات الدولية (الإنترنت)، مما يجعل خوادم هذا البروتوكول على الشبكة هدفا مهما لقراصنة المعلومات. وذلك لأن السيطرة على خادم نظام اسم المجال يعني السيطرة التامة على الشبكة التابعة له حيث يمكن من خلال ذلك الخادم توجيه اتصالات المستخدمين لأي خوادم وهمية للحصول على بياناتهم الخصوصية مثلا، أو قطع كافة الاتصالات عنهم. و على الرغم من أهمية هذا البروتوكول و حساسيته الأمنية إلا أن التصميم الأساسي له لم يأخذ بعين الاعتبار الاحتياطات الأمنية اللازمة لضمان عدم اختراق خوادم هذا البروتوكول و ذلك لأن أمن المعلومات لم يكن على قائمة الأولويات في ذلك الوقت من عمر شبكة الإنترنت.
    بعد تنفيذ البروتوكول والعمل به لعدة سنوات أظهرت الأبحاث المختلفة نقاط ضعف وثغرات أمنية متنوعة فيه. إذ يمكن تنفيذ العديد من الهجمات التخريبية عن طريق استغلال تلك الثغرات والتي من الممكن أن تشكل خطورة بالغة على كافة مستخدمي شبكة الإنترنت. وتركز الأبحاث الحديثة لأمن المعلومات على إنشاء إجراءات عملية مضادة للتغلب على تلك المشكلات.
ولكي نضع القارئ في السياق المناسب لمحتوى المقالة رأينا أن نسلط الضوء في البداية على أساسيات عمل البروتوكول ثم ننتقل للحديث عن الثغرات الأمنية الموجودة بتصميم البروتوكول، وأخيرا سنقوم باستعراض الطرق المتبعة حاليا للتغلب على تلك الثغرات.
تأثير زمن الأنـودة ودرجة حرارة المحلول على سمك أكسيد الألومنيوم AA1050
Authors: المشرقي د. حسين
Published: September 2024

تعتبر عملية الانودة (Anodizing Process) من الطرق الكهروكيميائية المستخدمة في الصناعة لحماية المعادن من التآكل ومن اهم الطرق التي تستخدم لحماية الالومنيوم وسبائكه لاستخدامه في العديد من التطبيقات، ووجودها يساهم بفعالية عالية لزيادة قوة ترابط الطلاء الخارجي مع سطح المعدن. ولأن هذه العملية تتم تحت ظروف خاصة برقابة دقيقة تكون طبقة الأكسيد الناتجة صلبة ومتماسكة جدا. ومن هنا تأتي أهمية دراسة سمك طبقة الطلاء الناتج من عملية الانودة، حيث أنه عامل مهم يتم تقييم اداء الطلاء عليه. وعلى الرغم من وجود العديد من الدراسات في تطبيق الطلاءات الكهربائية على عدد كبير من المعادن، إلا أن قلة المعلومات المتعلقة بأفضل عوامل أداء لعلمية الانودة لسبيكة الألومنيوم 1050AA لم تدرس، ولهذا كانت من أهم أسباب اقتراح هذه الدراسة. ونظرا لكثرة التطبيقات لهذه السبيكة واستخداماتها الواسعة على النطاق المحلي وامكانية وجود مصانع مستقبلا تعمل على هذا النوع من الطلاءات في الدولة الليبية، الامر الذي دفعنا لإنجاز هذه الدراسة التي نرى انه يمكن الاستفادة منها في هذا الإطار. هناك العديد من العوامل التي تؤثر على سمك الطلاء للحصول على نتائج جيدة منها نوع المعدن والطريقة المستخدمة ونوع الطلاء ودرجة حرارة المحلول الالكتروليتي وكذلك زمن الغمر في المحلول الالكتروليتي.
Removal of Multi-heavy Metals from Simulated Wastewater using Hybrid Modified Carbonized Palm Shell and Rice Husk Adsorbents
Authors: Alguail Alsadek , Al-Eggiely Ali , Omymen Waleed
Published: September 2024

It necessary to remove heavy metals from wastewater in order to comply with environmental regulations and for sake of human health and safety. The purposes of the present study was to prepare hybrid modified adsorbent from the carbonized palm shell and rice husk by physical treatment for the removal of 13 multi heavy metal component from simulated wastewater by single bed adsorption column. The Metals being studied are Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Lead, Lithium, Molybdenum, Nickel, Antimony, Vanadium and zinc. Six types of adsorbents were used for metal removal which are (100% BRH) adsorbent; (100% CPS) adsorbent , and four hybrids adsorbent prepared by mixing the blended rice husk and carbonized palm kernel shell  with mixing ratios 20% , 40% , 60% , 80% wt Blended Rice Husk . The obtained results of the individual area under the graph analysis showed that cadmium, copper, lithium; vanadium elements were strongly adsorbed by hybrid adsorbents with achieved removal efficiency of 99.95%, 99.97%, 31.23%, and 89.58% with least area under the graph values of 3294.65, 2015.52, 118.231, and 115.18 respectively. As a conclusion, the mixing of blended rice husk and carbonized palm shell as hybrid adsorbent contributed to enhance the adsorption performance of cadmium, copper, lithium, vanadium, elements which demonstrated by less area under the graph values compared with pure carbonized palm shell and pure rice husk adsorbents.
Embedding Structure into HTML for More Precise Retrieval of Information, A Novel XML Schema
Authors: Alhenshiri Anwar , Afat Zainab , Badesh Hoda
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the core of a universal schema to transform each HTML document into XML format. The objective is to embed a sense of structure into textual documents prior to retrieving information. The structure is obtained from the HTML document based on the schema and applied in the form of an XML document. The resulting structure helps with identifying levels of significance in the HTML page. More relevant results can be obtained by including the hidden structure of the text document in the computation of relevancy during retrieval. The preliminary study indicates potential success with larger studies.
Particulate Matter (PM10) Sources in Bizerte, Tunisia Using Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Eltarkawe Mohamed , Guellouz Mohamed , Miller Shelly
Published: September 2024

Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10), the total mass of PM with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less, has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Most of the dust particles released to the atmosphere worldwide is emitted by Saharan Desert in North Africa. This paper evaluates the effect of dust particles from African regions on PM10 concentrations in Bizerte, Tunisia using a logistic regression statistical methodology. The 2004 and 2005 PM10 measurements were obtained by the Tunisian National Agency for Environmental Protection, ANPE, pollution monitoring station and for the same period, 6-day back trajectories were generated using the NOAA-HYSPLIT. The study found that the DLV exceeded the 50-μg/m³ limit 293 times in 2004 and 257 times in 2005. Significant associations have been found between far air sources and the measured concentrations for both 2004 (OR=1.024, 95% CI = 1.016-1.032) and 2005 (OR=1.013, 95% CI = 1.003-1.022). The model performance has significantly improved when shorter back trajectories (closer source regions) were considered. The feasibility of using a logistic regression statistical methodology to evaluate the effect of air masses from African regions on PM10 concentrations in Bizerte, Tunisia has been demonstrated.
Cloud Computing Security and Privacy Preservation: Using multi-level encryption
Authors: Issa Noufal , Mohamed Dr. Mohamed
Published: September 2024

Cloud computing has grown very quickly to become a promising business idea in the IT industry due to its characteristics such as cost reduction, flexibility, convenience, and scalability. The wide spread of Cloud Computing was accompanied by research fields in many aspects such as performance, storage, retrieval speed, backup and restore, security and privacy and other aspects related to it, which are still searched for today. Security and Privacy of data in Cloud Computing is of utmost importance to all its users, regardless of the nature of the stored data. In this paper, we propose a system that is secure and computationally efficient. The system focuses on three algorithms are AES (Advanced Encryption Algorithm), Blowfish algorithm and MD5 algorithm to build our proposed system. The principle goal guiding the design of any encryption algorithm must be security against unauthorized attacks and our proposed system is more security than any algorithm else. However, for all practical applications, cost of implementation and performance are also major concerns.
مقدمة في نظم اتصالات المنصات المسيرة
Authors: أبوعربية عبد الله
Published: September 2024

تُعتبر نظم الاتصالات بالمنصات المسيرة من التقنيات الحديثة في مجال الاتصالات اللاسلكية والتي يمكن الاستفادة منها أيضا في تطبيقات أخرى مدنية أو عسكرية. مقارنة بنظم الاتصالات الأرضية ذات المحطات الثابتة، فإن نظم الاتصالات بالمنصات المسيرة تمتاز بمرونة التطوير ووقت نشر قصير لتزويد خدمات الاتصالات أثناء تعطل شبكات النظم الأرضية التقليدية جزئيا أو كليا كما في حالات الحروب والكوارث الطبيعية. سيتم في هذه المقالة التعريف بأساسيات نظام الاتصال بالمنصات المسيرة ومن ثم النمذجة الرياضية لكل من الانتشار الراديوي واستهلاك القدرة في المنصة المسيرة لتحليل الأداء عن طريق المحاكاة في ظروف تشغيل مختلفة.
كلية التقنية الصناعية، قسم الهندسة الصناعية مصراتة، ليبيا
Authors: الكـــــــشريو د. نوري , مطر م. جميلة
Published: September 2024

تشهد ليبيا طلباً متزايداً على الطاقة تعتمد في مجابهته على حرق المزيد من الوقود الهيدروكربوني الناضب والملوث للبيئة، في حين أن النفايات يمكن ان تكون مصدراً مهماً لسد العجز في الإمداد الطاقي في البلاد والحد من التلوث البيئي. تعتبر النفايات الصلبة مشكلة طويلة الأمد في ليبيا بشكل عام وفي المناطق الحضرية بشكل خاص. حيث أدت التنمية الاقتصادية والنمو السكاني الحضري إلى توليد كميات متزايدة من النفايات الصلبة البلدية التي تفوق القدرة الحالية للمدافن الصحية والمكبات العشوائية المفتوحة الموجودة بها. تنتج ليبيا سنويًا حوالي مليوني طن من النفايات الصلبة البلدية. تكتسب النفايات البلدية الصلبة أهمية في السنوات الأخيرة لدورها في التنمية الاقتصادية والمستدامة. أدى التطور الاقتصادي والنمو السكاني إلى تراكم النفايات الصلبة بشكل يفوق القدرة الحالية لمدافن ومناطق الطمر. تناولت هذه الدراسة جدوى بناء محطة توليد الكهرباء من النفايات إلى طاقة (Waste to energy) في مدينة طرابلس بليبيا. تم إجراء تحليل فني – اقتصادي لأداء محطة توليد الطاقة من النفايات بتقنية الحرق باعتبارها أكثر التقنيات انتشارا في العالم وأكثرها نضوجا من النواحي الفنية والاقتصادية على أساس الظروف الخاصة بمدينة طرابلس. أظهرت النتائج أن المنشأة المقترحة تصل قدرتها الى حوالي 100 ميجاوات حرارة من النفايات بناء على سيناريو الحرق كمرحلة أولى. باستخدام برمجية متخصصة SAM صادرة عن المعامل الوطنية للطاقات المتجددة الأمريكية NREL تم حساب إنتاجية محطة لإنتاج الكهرباء بسعة 27 ميجاوات، يمكنها إنتاج ما يصل إلى 201 ميجاوات ساعة من الطاقة الكهربائية سنويًا، بتكلفة تصل الى 100.7 دولار/ميجاوات ساعة. تم دراسة تأثير التغيير في هذه الفرضيات سواء الخاصة بالتكاليف الثابتة أو التكاليف السنوية من خلال دراسة الحساسية.
Accuracy Enhancement of Orthoimage Generation for Urban Areas
Authors: Hamad M. Osama
Published: September 2024

This research addresses the problems of conventional orthoimages created from aerial imagery of urban areas, especially relief displacements, occlusions and information loss caused by man-made objects. An approach is presented to generate more accurate orthoimages based on elevation models that exactly describe the entire surface of the observed region. The approach utilizes the digital building model, in addition to the digital terrain model, in the orthorectification process. Occluded areas are identified and filled in the final orthoimage by merging data from conjugate images. The data used in the research consists of a small block of high resolution aerial images covering an urban area. The images are captured recently with the digital aerial camera UltraCam-D. The image pixel size is 9 m by 9 m yielding a nearly 10-cm ground sample distance. The results reached by applying the proposed approach on the test images have been promising. They have proven the validity of the approach in generating more proper orthoimages.
Achieving Best Turbine Blade Cooling Efficiency from a Cylindrical Cooling Hole with Reverse-Vortex Generator Using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Abuzrida Abdallah
Published: September 2024

This investigation bargains mathematical investigation of the impact of kidney vortex generation (KVG) on the film cooling execution of a round cooling opening which has measurement (d = 20 mm) on a level plate. The collection between the stream cooling air and standard hot gases will result kidney vortex which will wipe out the film cooling adequacy. Two kind of reverse vortex generator (RVG) with various statures (H = 0.5 d and 0.25 d) are intended to eliminate the kidney vortex and examine best film cooling adequacy, where every one of them is mounted to the level plate upstream of the cooling opening by changing its parallel positions (A = 0.0 d, 0.25 d, 0.5 d and 0.75 d) concerning the opening community line and for each kind has diverse distance regard to opening focus line. The changing of blowing proportion (BP = 0.5-1.0) was considered in this investigation. The simulation model was used to simulate the formation of film cooling using a shear stress transfer (SST) model by Workbench 15 software. The outcomes have been introduced in terms of laterally averaged and maximum value of film cooling comparison diagrams, vorticy on x/d = 3.0 and film cooling distribution which clarified how the outcomes acquired. The Cases 04 and 07 gave the best situations for RVG where case 04 gave wide covered for laterally average film cooling efficiency (η = 0.35), while case 07 gave the highest expansion distribution and the maximum value for film cooling efficiency (η = 0.66). The best results are obtained when the blowing ratio (BP = 0.5) due to a lower velocity of cooling air which will made best interaction with the hot air (main stream)which will represent the hot gases in real case.
Single Curvature Bending Results of Structural Stitched Textile Reinforcements Part II: Quantitative Analysis Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Hafeth Bu Jldain
Published: September 2024

A Novel non-crimp dry thick fabric was manufactured at the University of Ottawa advanced preforming technology (uOttawa fabric) to cover the growing need for such thick preforms in the aerospace applications. The bending behavior was investigated using significant numbers of tests performed with a new bending apparatus designed and manufactured at University of Ottawa.This research paper was aimed to analyze the bending results obtained for samples made from the new uOttawa fabric and samples made from an industrial fabric using a statistical method celled Taguchi method. The Taguchi analysis highlights the most parameters having the stronger effects on testing. The main parameters investigated in bending were the type of fabric, the thickness, yarn orientations, fibre volume fraction and bending cycles. Two plans were used to investigate which parameters have strong effect on bending moment. The Taguchi analysis revealed that the type of fabric, number of cycles and fibre volume fraction have the largest effect on bending behavior of these fabrics.
Influence of GFRP Confinement of Reinforced Concrete Columns Exposed to Sodium Chloride on Microstructure and Hydration Products
Authors: Husayn Naseebah , Aljewifi Hana , Limam Oualid
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) on microstructure and hydration products of cylindrical column concrete and compares the results after covering it with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP). 20 short RC columns were prepared with a single concrete mixture. The specimens have cured in different concentration of NaCl (0, 5%, 10%, 15%), some specimens cured directly in solution and other specimens exposed to wet and dry cycle. These specimens were tested, a first group after 28 days of curing, second group after 56 days, while the third group was repaired by GFRP after 28 day then returned to the cured environment and tested after56 day. In order to determine the main crystalline phase composition of concrete specimens and for phase identification of a crystalline material, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology of microstructure concrete and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used. The results revealed denser microstructure with the concentration of NaCl crystalline, existence of binding chloride as free halite, chemical pound as a Friedel’s salt or Physical binding held to the surface of hydration products. In addition, the corrosive compounds were observed, and the hydration product phase decreased due to concentration of curing environment. Furthermore, the results from the samples that were covered with GFRP showed that the value of the hydration products didn't change when compared with the samples that were tested after 28 days, moreover, the voids were found in them when compared with the samples exposed to the environment damage without covering it with GFRP.
استخدام نفايات الكسارات لتحسين خواص التربة الطينية
Authors: الغــــــــويـل معـمـر , السوقي عبد المنعم , الـــــــدبـــــــاح منى
Published: September 2024

رمل الكسارات هو نفايات صلبة ناتجة عن طحن الصخر الأم بوحدات التكسير. التخلص من هذه النفايات أمر مهم وذلك لما يسببه من تلوث للهواء الذي بدوره يسبب الاخطار الصحية والبيئية والحياة بشكل عام. يمكن استخدام رمال الكسارات بشكل فعال لتحسين خصائص التربة الطينية، فضلا عن توفير مصدر رخيص لتحسين التربة. اشارت النتائج المعملية ان اضافة 10% من رمل الكسارات (SC) خفض لدونة التربة الطينية بشكل كبير وتحسين قيمة (CBR). قد يكون استخدام رمل الكسارات (نفايات الكسارات) تقنية فعالة في تعزيز خصائص التربة الطينية ضد احتمالية الانكماش والانتفاخ للتربة التحتية للطرق والهياكل خفيفة الوزن، وبالتالي اعادة تدوير هذه النفايات بشكل فعال في مثل هذه التطبيقات، واعتمدت هذه الدراسة على التجارب المعملية وفقا لنظام (ASTM)، كذلك على بعض الدراسات السابقة كمنهجية عمل قام بها البحاث للوصول إلى نتائج أكثر دقة لتحقيق نتائج عمل ذات جودة عالية.
Effect of Waste Brick Clay Powder on Self Compacted Concrete
Authors: Ganaw Abdelhamed , Abo-sdail Khaked
Published: September 2024

This research investigates the effect of waste clay bricks powder in producing self-compacting concrete by partial replacement of cement. Bricks were crushed to particle sizes smaller than 75 microns. Percentages of cement of 5, 10 and 12.5 % by weight were replaced by the power at w/c ratios of 0.4, 0.425 and 0.45. Fresh concrete workability then measured and hard concrete properties were determined at 28 days. The results show that waste bricks powder can be utilized partially instead of cement to produce concrete with self leveling fresh properties and good hard properties. Consequently, this proves that waste bricks can be recycled to minimize both the effect of waste material on the environment and the heat needed for cement production.
Numerical Simulation of Soil–Structure Interaction of RC Frame
Authors: Abdulrazeg Aeid , Yousef Majdi , Mohamed Mohamed , Allafi Amal
Published: September 2024

An Attempt has been made to study the effect of soil media on the response of RC frame structure. Therefore, the present work focuses on the implementation of a two dimensional finite element model of reinforced concrete frame and pile foundation system which explicitly incorporates the soil response. The superstructure members have been represented by means of three-node isoperimetric beam elements with three degrees of freedom per node. The soil mass is idealized by the eight-node isoperimetric quadrilateral element at the near field and five nodes isoperimetric infinite element to simulate the far-field behavior of the soil media. The applicability of this model was demonstrated by analyzing a multi-story building. The results have shown that the influence of the soil behavior on the overall response of the structure.
Effects of Superstrate layer on the Performance of 5G Microstrip Antenna Operating at 43.5GHz
Authors: Shebani Nafaa , Kaeib Abdalnaser , Meshkan Azez , Hesayri Aya , Bin-Abdi Hanin
Published: September 2024

The fifth generation (5G) technology working at mm-wave bands is introduced to achieve high data and large capacity, but mm-waves suffer from space attenuation. 5G systems requires antennas with simple configuration, light weight, and high gain to overcome free space attenuations.This paper aims to design 5G microstrip antenna operating at of 43.5 GHz within the frequency band of 42-45 GHz. The proposed antenna is designed on FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 0.76mm, and simulated using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. To evaluate the performance of this antenna, the characteristics such as radiation pattern and gain are studied. Moreover, the influence of superstrate on the antenna performance is investigated based on changing dialectic constant and thickness of superstrate.
Offline Recognition System for Arabic Handwritten Words Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Makhlou M.M. Makhlou , Abdulshahed A.M. Abdulshahed
Published: September 2024

Arabic handwritten recognition is playing an important role in communicating and documenting information in everyday life. Handwriting has functional importance considering its ubiquity in human activities, as in reading handwritten notes in a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), in postal addresses on envelopes, in amounts in bank accounts, etc. In this work, an offline recognition system for Arabic handwritten names is proposed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). As part of the feature extraction, region props were used, it extracts array with fields: Area, Centroid and Bounding Box. A feed-forward neural network with three different topologies was trained using backpropagation algorithm. The number of nodes in the hidden layer was varied; the lower the number of hidden layers, the higher the recognition rate. Moreover, we found that the first topology (with two hidden layers) produced a higher recognition rate 92% from the trained data compared to the second and third topologies that produced a smaller recognition rate.
Effect of Olive Peat on the Density, Rheology, and Fluid Loss of Drilling Fluid
Authors: Elwish Moiud , Enfis Majed , Susi Abdunaser
Published: September 2024

As it is known, the drilling mud which is the main part of all drilling operations in oil and gas wells should be optimum designed for achieving the target without obstacles. So, the good design of drilling fluid depends on the control of its physical properties such as the density which can be controlled by either adding a desirable solid such as barite or removing undesirable solids such as cuttings. Also, fluid loss can be controlled using lost circulation materials.In this study, experimental work has been conducted to study the effect of a new material called Olive Peat on the rheological properties of drilling fluid by conducting routine tests.The laboratory experiment is carried out firstly on row drilling mud without Olive Peat. Then, different percentages of Olive Peat have been added to the row mud and properties of these new mixtures were estimated.Results presented that the Olive peat has an Inverse relationship with the density of the drilling fluid because of the oil inside the new material which leads to creating an emulsion.Furthermore, results show that the new studied material can be used in the drilling circulation system as it reduces the volume of fluid loss in mud.
دراسة وتقييم مدى تأثير التغير في درجات الحرارة على التغير الحجمي للتربة الغير مشبعة والمحيطة بالأوتاد
Authors: البرقلي اّمنة , شنينة د. محمود
Published: September 2024

إن ميكانيكا التربة هي عبارة عن نظرية قواعد التربة الطبيعية، وإن دور ميكانيكا التربة كعلم هندسي علم عظيم ولا يمكن مقارنته إلا بعلم مقاومة المواد، وبدون معرفة مبادئ الميكانيكا لا يمكن تصميم المنشآت الصناعية الحديثة مثل تنفيذ المباني شاهقة الارتفاع كالأبراج وناطحات السحاب وغيرها، وحيث أننا نتوقع تطورا عمرانيا داخل مدينة مصراته، وبناء مثل هذه الأنواع من المباني، فإنه يجب الأخذ بالاعتبار دراسة خصائص التربة الطبيعية والميكانيكية التي سيتم تنفيذ عليها هذه المباني، وستكون هذه الدراسة عبارة عن دراسة تجريبية معملية للتعرف على الخصائص الطبيعية لهذه التربة مثل: اختبار الوزن النوعي (Specific Gravity)، اختبار التدرج الحبيبي (Grain-Size Analysis)، اختبار حد السيولة (Liquid Limit)، اختبار حد اللدونة (Plastic Limit).
     وحيث أن هذا النوع من المباني يحتاج إلى تدفئة وتبريد، فعادة ما يتم التسخين والتبريد لهذه المباني عن طريق مضخات التسخين والتبريد، باستخدام خراطيم ملامسة للتربة والأوتاد الحاملة لهذه المباني العالية؛ لما في هذه الطريقة من توفير للطاقة، وحيث أننا نسعى في هذه الدراسة لدراسة وتقييم مدى تأثير التغيير في درجات الحرارة على معدل التغير الحجمي للتربة فقد قمنا بتصنيع جهاز لهذا الغرض، حيث كانت الاختبارات على عينة من التربة الرملية الطينية الغير مشبعة وذات تصريف حر، وتوصلنا إلى أنه كلما زادت درجة الحرارة كلما قلت نسبة الفراغات بالتربة وبالتالي حدوث هبوط لعينة التربة عند مختلف الاجهادات المسلطة.
Effect of Air Pre-Oxidation on High Temperature Air Oxidation Behavior of Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel
Authors: Alzreedy Ali , Aljarany Ali
Published: September 2024

In this paper, air pre-oxidation technique wasdeveloped in order to improve the oxidation resistance ofcarbon steel (0.131 wt% C) and stainless steel (304L). Theoxidation behavior of carbon steel and stainless steelspecimens with and without pre-oxidation was studied overthe temperature range 450 to 550°C for up to 120h. Thediscontinuous oxidation behavior of the selectedexperimental materials was tested in static air. The use ofpre-oxidation at 450°C for 5 hours to carbon steel and at500°C for 5 hours to stainless steel showed considerableimprovements to the oxidation kinetics for both carbon steeland stainless steel, especially at relatively low temperatures– 450°C and 500°C. Generally, air oxidation kinetic data ofcarbon steel showed rapid increase of weight compared withstainless steel throughout the selected temperature range.The formation of Cr2O3 layer improved the oxidationresistance of stainless steel. Cr2O3 layer acts as a diffusionbarrier to the reactive species. Also, the oxidation process ofcarbon steel was found to be controlled by the formation ofrelatively thin and adherent layer of Fe2O3, especially at lowexposure temperature (e.g. 450°C). Whereas, at highertemperatures (e.g. 550°C), the pre-formed Fe2O3 layer failedto protect carbon steel from further oxidation even for shortexposure time. The scale formed on carbon steel at 550°Cseverely cracked and spalled off especially, at places ofsample corners. Results of this research revealed that,alloying elements in stainless steel were more beneficial tooxidation resistance than pre-oxidation to steel, throughoutthe whole range of time and temperature of this study.
Groundwater Level Forecasting Using Random Forest and Linear Regression Neural Network Models
Authors: Elhawil Amna , Naji Alarabi , Nuesry Malak , Sanossi Almabruk
Published: September 2024

Predicting the groundwater level has recently become very important research topic especially with the rise of population density and consequently increasing the water demand. This paper uses the Random Forest and linear regression neural network models to predict the groundwater level of Wadi-Alshaty district in the South West part of Libya. The results are compared with that obtained using the hydrologic long-term forecasting graphical approach. One of the most important findings of this study is the effectiveness of the neural network models to investigate the fluctuation of the groundwater levels over time (20 years).
Clinical features of acute coronary syndrome in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Menshikova I. G. , Magalyas E. V. , Sklyar I. V. , Zabolotskikh T. V.
Published: September 2024

Aim. To study the clinical features of the course of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methods. The study included 78 patients with ACS: 43 patients with ACS and COPD (group 1) and 35 patients with ACS without COPD (group 2). All patients underwent comprehensive clinical, instrumental, and laboratory examinations.Results. Among the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the most significant contributors to the development of ACS in patients with COPD were smoking, arterial hypertension, and elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Patients with ACS and COPD more frequently had non- ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). For patients with comorbid pathology, more pronounced changes in the coronary arteries were characteristic due to an increase in the total number of stenoses (p=0.02), hemodynamically significant stenosis (p=0.01), occlusions and critical stenoses (p=0.02), and extensive stenoses (p=0.04). Group 1 patients, compared to group 2, had hemodynamically significant stenosis located in the proximal (p=0.04) and distal (p=0.02) segments of the coronary arteries, as well as in second-order branches (p=0.02). No significant differences were found between the groups in the number of stenoses of the left main coronary artery and the middle segments of the major coronary arteries.Conclusion. In elderly patients with COPD, ACS development was more often preceded by angina symptoms and atypical myocardial infarction presentations, with NSTEMI predominating in the myocardial infarction structure. The main CVD risk factors in COPD patients were smoking, arterial hypertension, and elevated CRP levels. Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in ACS patients with COPD was characterized by multivessel disease, predominance of middle and distal coronary artery stenosis. A significant feature of coronary artery disease in comorbid elderly patients was the increased total number of stenoses and the number of extensive stenoses.
Agile Transformation in Financial Technology: Best Practices and Challenges
Authors: Santhosh Vijayabaskar  , Krishna Gangu  , Pandi Kirupa Gopalakrishna  , Prof.(Dr.) Punit Goel  , Vikhyat Gupta
Published: September 2024

Agile transformation has emerged as a crucial approach for organisations in the financial technology (FinTech) industry that are looking to improve their operational efficiency and adapt to the fast shifting needs of the market. Agile approaches offer major advantages, including enhanced flexibility, a shorter time-to-market, and higher customer satisfaction. Making the move from conventional project management methodologies to Agile practices promises to bring about these benefits. The purpose of this abstract is to provide a complete overview of how organisations may successfully traverse this complicated process by examining the best practices and obstacles connected with Agile transformation in the FinTech industry. Because of the dynamic nature of the FinTech business, the Agile approach, which is characterised by iterative development, collaboration, and responsiveness to change, is a good fit for the industry. One of the most important best practices for a successful Agile transition is the establishment of a clear vision and the commitment of leadership. For the purpose of cultivating a culture that welcomes change and supports innovation, leaders are required to advocate for the Agile principles and provide continuous support. In addition, it is crucial to make investments in Agile training and coaching in order to equip teams with the skills necessary to successfully deploy and maintain Agile methods.
APPRAISAL OF ACCESS TO CLEAN FUELS BY FOOD VENDORS IN ILARO, YEWA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ademola Lukman Lasisi  , Vincent Abimbola Uwala
Published: September 2024

The extensive use of solid fuels in food preparation such as firewood and charcoal presents problems for the environment, human health, and the economy. In Nigeria, more than 175 million people rely on traditional biomass for daily cooking. While significant research has been done on access to clean cooking fuels among households, particularly households in rural areas, there is a gap in the study of access to clean fuels among food vendors in developing countries, including Nigeria. This study explores factors influencing access to clean cooking fuel among food vendors in Nigeria. The study adopts a cross-sectional survey design, a pretested questionnaire was administered to all the registered food vendors in the study area. The results show that a significant number of the food vendors in the study area use solid fuels such as firewood and coal. Probit regression result indicates that education and income are significant factors that increase predicted probability of the use of clean fuel among food vendors. Empirical findings also show that financial constraints, availability and distribution of clean fuel, technical issues, and lack of information on the importance of clean fuel usage are some of the attention-seeking challenges inhibiting the adoption of clean cooking fuels among food vendors. Thus, the study suggests the need for integrated strategies that aim at increasing awareness of the benefits of adopting clean cooking fuels among food vendors, improving the affordability of clean cooking fuels, and providing technical assistance for transitioning into clean cooking fuels.
KEYWORDS: Cooking Fuels, Food Vendors, Clean Energy Nigeria
THE EVOLUTION AND FORECASTING OF SINO-KOREAN COMMODITY TRADE: A THEORETICAL EXPLORATION BASED ON GARCH AND MACHINE LEARNING MODELS
Authors: Ruirui Li  , Dexin Tang  , Jianhua Mei
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the evolution of Sino-Korean commodity trade and explores the application of advanced econometric and machine learning models for forecasting commodity price volatility. With increasing interdependence between China and South Korea in trading key commodities such as crude oil, LNG, iron ore, and rare earth elements, accurate price forecasting has become crucial for managing economic risks and optimizing trade strategies. The study highlights the limitations of traditional econometric models like GARCH, which, while effective at capturing short-term volatility, struggle to account for the complex, nonlinear dynamics present in modern commodity markets. Machine learning models, including LSTM, random forests, and support vector machines, offer a more flexible and accurate approach by incorporating real-time data and adapting to market shifts. The combination of GARCH and machine learning in hybrid models further enhances forecasting accuracy. As both countries transition toward sustainable energy, the role of advanced forecasting tools will be pivotal in maintaining economic stability and fostering deeper trade cooperation.
KEYWORDS：Sino-Korean commodity trade,GARCH model, Machine learning, Commodity price volatility, Crude oil forecasting, LNG and rare earth elements
Quasi Bi-slant Submanifolds of Locally Metallic Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Harry Idrees , Lone Mehraj
Published: September 2024

In this article, we investigate quasi bi-slant submanifolds of locally metallic Riemannian manifolds. The main objective is to determine the conditions under which the distributions used in defining these submanifolds are integrable. We also establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for quasi bi-slant submanifold to be a totally geodesic foliation.
Obstructive Aspects and Future Perspectives of the Agro Insurance Program
Authors: Nana Benidze Nana Benidze , Jambul Bitsadze Jambul Bitsadze
Published: September 2024

The article “Restricting Aspects of the Agricultural Insurance Program and Prospects” describes the role of agricultural insurance in the Georgian economy and paths for development. The climatic and geographical position of Georgia allows us to develop this area and strengthen the economy. Thus, we believe that the topic is relevant.
The article talks about the changes that were implemented to reduce the risks of agricultural insurance. The results of the study are presented, the analysis of which gives an idea of the quality of existing risks and ways to eliminate them.
In addition, problems that hinder the better development of agricultural insurance in the country have been noted, namely:
1. Less government support
2. Lack of private agricultural insurance.
3. Discrepancy between product prices and market prices.
4. Lack of comprehensive insurance for agricultural risks.
The article presents an analysis of the results of the survey and corresponding recommendations, namely:
1. The government needs to pay more attention to the agricultural insurance program to make it farmer friendly.
2. It is desirable for farmers to have the opportunity to purchase private agricultural insurance regardless of the state program;
3. It is necessary to review prices for agricultural insurance products, since they do not correspond to market prices.
4. Full insurance of agricultural risks is necessary.
Taking all this into account will help solve the problems of agro-risks throughout the country.
The article presents the opinions and advice of the authors, seen from the point of view of scientists, and their implementation in practice will help the insurance market to conduct its activities effectively.
Keywords: agricultural risks, prices in agricultural insurance, state and private agricultural insurance.
DETERMINING THE ESSENCE OF PROFESSIONAL AND PRACTICAL ACTIVITY OF FUTURE ENGINEERS IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR
Authors:   Researcher of jizzakh polytechnical institute, Uzbekistan, Asliddin Xayrullayev
Published: September 2024

The role of engineers in the transport sector is pivotal for the development and maintenance of efficient and sustainable transportation systems. This article explores the professional and practical activities essential for future engineers in the transport sector. By examining the core competencies, educational requirements, and industry expectations, this study aims to delineate the essence of these activities and provide a framework for engineering education and professional development.
HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF PERSONNEL POLICY IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Independent researcher of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Uzbekistan, Nazarmuhamedov Davron Abitovich
Published: September 2024

In this article, the author analyzed in a comprehensive and comparative way the activities of the internal affairs bodies, in particular the historical and legal aspects of the selection, training and placement of personnel, and provided their relevant conclusions.
Tandem diazotization/cyclization approach for the synthesis of a fused 1,2,3-triazinone-furazan/furoxan heterocyclic system
Authors: Sidunets Yuri A , Melekhina Valeriya G , Fershtat Leonid L
Published: September 2024

A straightforward protocol for the synthesis of a previously unknown [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazin-7(6H)-one heterocyclic system was developed. The described approach is based on tandem diazotization/azo coupling reactions of (1,2,5-oxadiazolyl)carboxamide derivatives bearing both aromatic and aliphatic substituents. The NO-donor ability of the synthesized furoxano[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazin-7(6H)-ones was additionally evaluated. The elaborated method provides access to novel nitrogen heterocyclic compounds with potential applications as drug candidates or thermostable components of functional organic materials.