bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Latitudinal body-mass trends in Oligo-Miocene mammals
Authors: Orcutt John D. , Hopkins Samantha S. B.
Published: May 2016

Paleecological data allow not only the study of trends along deep-time chronological transects but can also be used to reconstruct ecological gradients through time, which can help identify causal factors that may be strongly correlated in modern ecosystems. We have applied such an analysis to Bergmann’s rule, which posits a causal relationship between temperature and body size in mammals. Bergmann’s rule predicts that latitudinal gradients should exist during any interval of time, with larger taxa toward the poles and smaller taxa toward the equator. It also predicts that the strength of these gradients should vary with time, becoming weaker during warmer periods and stronger during colder conditions. We tested these predictions by reconstructing body-mass trends within canid and equid genera at different intervals of the Oligo-Miocene along the West Coast of North America. To allow for comparisons with modern taxa, body mass was reconstructed along the same transect for modernCanisandOdocoileus. Of the 17 fossil genera analyzed, only two showed the expected positive relationship with latitude, nor was there consistent evidence for a relationship between paleotemperature and body mass. Likewise, the strength of body-size gradients does not change predictably with climate through time. The evidence for clear gradients is ambiguous even in the modern genera analyzed. These results suggest that, counter to Bergmann’s rule, temperature alone is not a primary driver of body size and underscore the importance of regional-scale paleoecological analyses in identifying such drivers.
The Signs of Prophecy: the Emergence And Early Development of a Theme in Arabic Theological Literature
Authors: Stroumsa Sarah
Published: May 2016

In the ongoing scholarly search for the roots of Islamic theology, students ofKalāmare entrenched in two main camps: those who see early Islamic theology as a product of the encounter with Christian theology, and those who, without denying certain influences, emphasize the independence of Muslim thought and regardKalāmas a genuine, original reflection of the inner development of Islam. Until now, the arguments of one group of scholars have done little to convince the other. Indeed the scarcity of sources from the formative period ofKalāmrenders any evidence inconclusive. Yet it is not only the paucity of material, but the very nature of the question, which makes a definite answer practically impossible. For it can always be argued that interest in questions such as God's unity, theodicy, and anthropomorphism might appear within any monotheistic system. Thus, although Islamic theology can often be shown to be strikingly similar to Christian theology of an earlier period, it is often easier to speak about parallels than about sources.
Educational Inequality, Educational Expansion and Intergenerational Mobility
Authors: BLANDEN JO , MACMILLAN LINDSEY
Published: May 2016

The distribution of education by social background and the mobility prospects of society are intimately connected. To begin to predict future trends in mobility in the UK we bring together evidence on educational inequality by family background for cohorts from 1958 to 2000 for a range of educational outcomes. There is evidence that educational inequalities have narrowed among recent cohorts as the overall level of educational achievement has increased. This could be promising for mobility provided the labour market returns to these qualifications are maintained. However, stubborn inequalities by background at higher attainment levels imply that narrowing inequalities and expanding equality of opportunity throughout the educational distribution is a difficult task.
A Long, Winding (and Rocky) Road to Environmental Education for Sustainability in 2006
Authors: Gough Annette
Published: May 2016

This article charts the history of environmental education over four decades - from the 1960s to 2006 - as a rocky road of determined chocolate with the possibilities of rocks (nuts) and easy passage (marshmallow). There were distractions such as suggestions of changing names and new directions (add fruit?) along the way but the road has continued to be well travelled. The article concludes that there is much in common with where we have come from (the 1975 Belgrade Charter) and where we stand now (in year 2 of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development). Where next?
Classification of Normal and Apoptotic Cells from Fluorescence Microscopy Images Using Generalized Polynomial Chaos and Level Set Function
Authors: Du Yuncheng , Budman Hector M. , Duever Thomas A.
Published: May 2016

Accurate automated quantitative analysis of living cells based on fluorescence microscopy images can be very useful for fast evaluation of experimental outcomes and cell culture protocols. In this work, an algorithm is developed for fast differentiation of normal and apoptotic viable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. For effective segmentation of cell images, a stochastic segmentation algorithm is developed by combining a generalized polynomial chaos expansion with a level set function-based segmentation algorithm. This approach provides a probabilistic description of the segmented cellular regions along the boundary, from which it is possible to calculate morphological changes related to apoptosis, i.e., the curvature and length of a cell’s boundary. These features are then used as inputs to a support vector machine (SVM) classifier that is trained to distinguish between normal and apoptotic viable states of CHO cell images. The use of morphological features obtained from the stochastic level set segmentation of cell images in combination with the trained SVM classifier is more efficient in terms of differentiation accuracy as compared with the original deterministic level set method.
Modality Difference in N2 and P3 Components Between Visual and	Auditory Go/No-Go Paradigms
Authors: Nakata Hiroki , Arakawa Natsumi , Suzuki Chiharu , Nakayama Michiko
Published: May 2016

Abstract. We investigated the modality difference in the N2 and P3 components of event-related potentials (ERPs) between visual and auditory Go/No-go paradigms. We evaluated the relationship between RT and the amplitudes and latencies of N2 and P3 in visual and auditory Go/No-go paradigms. No significant differences were observed in the latencies of N2 and P3 between visual and auditory paradigms. Significant correlations were observed between RT and the latency of P3 in the visual and auditory paradigms. In contrast, the amplitudes of N2 and P3 were significantly larger in the visual paradigm than in the auditory paradigm. A significant correlation was observed between RT and the amplitude of P3 only in the auditory paradigm. These results suggested that there were two neural networks for the response execution and inhibitory function, common and uncommon, that depended on the stimulus modality.
Chilly Reception for New Australian Climate Science Center
Authors: Kollipara Puneet
Published: May 2016

After unveiling major planned cuts to climate science early this year, Australia's main science agency proposes a center to coordinate remaining projects. Many decry the proposal as an empty gesture.
Modeling the dynamics of neonatal CD8+ T‐cell responses
Authors: Reynaldi Arnold , Smith Norah L , Schlub Timothy E , Venturi Vanessa , Rudd Brian D , Davenport Miles P
Published: May 2016

Neonates are particularly susceptible to a number of infections, and the neonatal CD8+ T‐cell response demonstrates differences in both the phenotype and magnitude of responses to infection compared with adults. However, the underlying basis for these differences is unclear. We have used a mathematical modeling approach to analyze the dynamics of neonatal and adult CD8+ T‐cell responses following in vitro stimulation and in vivo infection, which allows us to dissect key cell‐intrinsic differences in expansion, differentiation and memory formation. We found that neonatal cells started dividing 8 h earlier and proliferated at a faster rate (0.077 vs 0.105 per day) than adult cells in vitro. In addition, neonatal cells also differentiated more rapidly, as measured by the loss in CD62L and Ly6C expression. We extended our mathematical modeling to analysis of neonatal and adult CD8+ T cells responding in vivo and demonstrated that neonatal cells divide more slowly than adult cells after day 4 post infection. However, neonatal cells differentiate more rapidly, upregulating more KLRG1 per division than adult cells (20% vs 5%). The dynamics of memory formation were also found to be different, with neonatal effector cells showing increased death (1.0 vs 2.45 per day). Comparison of the division of human cord blood and adult naive cells stimulated in vitro showed more division in cord blood‐derived cells, consistent with the observations in mice. This work highlights differences of the cell‐intrinsic division and differentiation program in neonatal CD8+ T cells.
Quantum transport of two-species Dirac fermions in dual-gated three-dimensional topological insulators
Authors: Xu Yang , Miotkowski Ireneusz , Chen Yong P.
Published: May 2016

Topological insulators are a novel class of quantum matter with a gapped insulating bulk, yet gapless spin-helical Dirac fermion conducting surface states. Here, we report local and non-local electrical and magneto transport measurements in dual-gated BiSbTeSe2 thin film topological insulator devices, with conduction dominated by the spatially separated top and bottom surfaces, each hosting a single species of Dirac fermions with independent gate control over the carrier type and density. We observe many intriguing quantum transport phenomena in such a fully tunable two-species topological Dirac gas, including a zero-magnetic-field minimum conductivity close to twice the conductance quantum at the double Dirac point, a series of ambipolar two-component half-integer Dirac quantum Hall states and an electron-hole total filling factor zero state (with a zero-Hall plateau), exhibiting dissipationless (chiral) and dissipative (non-chiral) edge conduction, respectively. Such a system paves the way to explore rich physics, ranging from topological magnetoelectric effects to exciton condensation.
Enhanced spin Seebeck effect signal due to spin-momentum locked topological surface states
Authors: Jiang Zilong , Chang Cui-Zu , Masir Massoud Ramezani , Tang Chi , Xu Yadong , Moodera Jagadeesh S. , MacDonald Allan H. , Shi Jing
Published: May 2016

Spin-momentum locking in protected surface states enables efficient electrical detection of magnon decay at a magnetic-insulator/topological-insulator heterojunction. Here we demonstrate this property using the spin Seebeck effect (SSE), that is, measuring the transverse thermoelectric response to a temperature gradient across a thin film of yttrium iron garnet, an insulating ferrimagnet, and forming a heterojunction with (BixSb1−x)2Te3, a topological insulator. The non-equilibrium magnon population established at the interface can decay in part by interactions of magnons with electrons near the Fermi energy of the topological insulator. When this decay channel is made active by tuning (BixSb1−x)2Te3 into a bulk insulator, a large electromotive force emerges in the direction perpendicular to the in-plane magnetization of yttrium iron garnet. The enhanced, tunable SSE which occurs when the Fermi level lies in the bulk gap offers unique advantages over the usual SSE in metals and therefore opens up exciting possibilities in spintronics.
A 14 × 14 μm2 footprint polarization-encoded quantum controlled-NOT gate based on hybrid waveguide
Authors: Wang S. M. , Cheng Q. Q. , Gong Y. X. , Xu P. , Sun C. , Li L. , Li T. , Zhu S. N.
Published: May 2016

Photonic quantum information processing system has been widely used in communication, metrology and lithography. The recent emphasis on the miniaturized photonic platform is thus motivated by the urgent need for realizing large-scale information processing and computing. Although the integrated quantum logic gates and quantum algorithms based on path encoding have been successfully demonstrated, the technology for handling another commonly used polarization-encoded qubits has yet to be fully developed. Here, we show the implementation of a polarization-dependent beam-splitter in the hybrid waveguide system. With precisely design, the polarization-encoded controlled-NOT gate can be implemented using only single such polarization-dependent beam-splitter with the significant size reduction of the overall device footprint to 14 × 14 μm2. The experimental demonstration of the highly integrated controlled-NOT gate sets the stage to develop large-scale quantum information processing system. Our hybrid design also establishes the new capabilities in controlling the polarization modes in integrated photonic circuits.
Tunnel electroresistance through organic ferroelectrics
Authors: Tian B. B. , Wang J. L. , Fusil S. , Liu Y. , Zhao X. L. , Sun S. , Shen H. , Lin T. , Sun J. L. , Duan C. G. , Bibes M. , Barthélémy A. , Dkhil B. , Garcia V. , Meng X. J. , Chu J. H.
Published: May 2016

Organic electronics is emerging for large-area applications such as photovoltaic cells, rollable displays or electronic paper. Its future development and integration will require a simple, low-power organic memory, that can be written, erased and readout electrically. Here we demonstrate a non-volatile memory in which the ferroelectric polarisation state of an organic tunnel barrier encodes the stored information and sets the readout tunnel current. We use high-sensitivity piezoresponse force microscopy to show that films as thin as one or two layers of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) remain switchable with low voltages. Submicron junctions based on these films display tunnel electroresistance reaching 1,000% at room temperature that is driven by ferroelectric switching and explained by electrostatic effects in a direct tunnelling regime. Our findings provide a path to develop low-cost, large-scale arrays of organic ferroelectric tunnel junctions on silicon or flexible substrates.
Highly efficient baculovirus-mediated multigene delivery in primary cells
Authors: Mansouri Maysam , Bellon-Echeverria Itxaso , Rizk Aurélien , Ehsaei Zahra , Cianciolo Cosentino Chiara , Silva Catarina S. , Xie Ye , Boyce Frederick M. , Davis M. Wayne , Neuhauss Stephan C. F. , Taylor Verdon , Ballmer-Hofer Kurt , Berger Imre , Berger Philipp
Published: May 2016

Multigene delivery and subsequent cellular expression is emerging as a key technology required in diverse research fields including, synthetic and structural biology, cellular reprogramming and functional pharmaceutical screening. Current viral delivery systems such as retro- and adenoviruses suffer from limited DNA cargo capacity, thus impeding unrestricted multigene expression. We developed MultiPrime, a modular, non-cytotoxic, non-integrating, baculovirus-based vector system expediting highly efficient transient multigene expression from a variety of promoters. MultiPrime viruses efficiently transduce a wide range of cell types, including non-dividing primary neurons and induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPS). We show that MultiPrime can be used for reprogramming, and for genome editing and engineering by CRISPR/Cas9. Moreover, we implemented dual-host-specific cassettes enabling multiprotein expression in insect and mammalian cells using a single reagent. Our experiments establish MultiPrime as a powerful and highly efficient tool, to deliver multiple genes for a wide range of applications in primary and established mammalian cells.
Erratum: Damage-free vibrational spectroscopy of biological materials in the electron microscope
Authors: Rez Peter , Aoki Toshihiro , March Katia , Gur Dvir , Krivanek Ondrej L. , Dellby Niklas , Lovejoy Tracy C. , Wolf Sharon G. , Cohen Hagai
Published: May 2016

Nature Communications 7, Article number: 10945 (2016); Published: 10 March 2016; Updated: 4 May 2016 The author Hagai Cohen is incorrectly omitted from the list of corresponding authors. The corresponding authors are Peter Rez and Hagai Cohen. The correct information for correspondence is: ‘Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to P.
Exome-wide study of ankylosing spondylitis demonstrates additional shared genetic background with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Robinson Philip C , Leo Paul J , Pointon Jennifer J , Harris Jessica , Cremin Katie , Bradbury Linda A , Stebbings Simon , Harrison Andrew A ,   Australian Osteoporosis Genetics Consortium, McCloskey Eugene , Eisman John , Jones Graeme , Nicholson Geoff , Eastell Richard , Sambrook Philip , Prince Richard , Dennison Elaine , Reid Ian , Wark John ,   Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium,   Management Committee, Donnelly Peter , Barroso Ines , Blackwell Jenefer M , Bramon Elvira , Brown Matthew A , Casas Juan P , Corvin Aiden , Deloukas Panos , Duncanson Audrey , Jankowski Janusz , Markus Hugh S , Mathew Christopher G , Palmer Colin NA , Plomin Robert , Rautanen Anna , Sawcer Stephen J , Trembath Richard C , Viswanathan Ananth C , Wood Nicholas W ,   Data and Analysis Group, Spencer Chris C A , Band Gavin , Bellenguez Céline , Freeman Colin , Hellenthal Garrett , Giannoulatou Eleni , Pirinen Matti , Pearson Richard , Strange Amy , Su Zhan , Vukcevic Damjan , Donnelly Peter ,   DNA, Genotyping, Data QC and Informatics Group, Langford Cordelia , Hunt Sarah E , Edkins Sarah , Gwilliam Rhian , Blackburn Hannah , Bumpstead Suzannah J , Dronov Serge , Gillman Matthew , Gray Emma , Hammond Naomi , Jayakumar Alagurevathi , McCann Owen T , Liddle Jennifer , Potter Simon C , Ravindrarajah Radhi , Ricketts Michelle , Waller Matthew , Weston Paul , Widaa Sara , Whittaker Pamela , Barroso Ines , Deloukas Panos ,   Publications Committee, Mathew Christopher G , Blackwell Jenefer M , Brown Matthew A , Corvin Aiden , Spencer Chris CA , Duncan Emma L , Evans David M , Wordsworth Paul B , Brown Matthew A
Published: May 2016

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common chronic immune-mediated arthropathy affecting primarily the spine and pelvis. The condition is strongly associated with HLA-B*27 as well as other human leukocyte antigen variants and at least 47 individual non-MHC-associated variants. However, substantial additional heritability remains as yet unexplained. To identify further genetic variants associated with the disease, we undertook an association study of AS in 5,040 patients and 21,133 healthy controls using the Illumina Exomechip microarray. A novel association achieving genome-wide significance was noted at CDKAL1. Suggestive associations were demonstrated with common variants in FAM118A, C7orf72 and FAM114A1 and with a low-frequency variant in PNPLA1. Two of the variants have been previously associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; CDKAL1 and C7orf72). These findings further increase the evidence for the marked similarity of genetic risk factors for IBD and AS, consistent with the two diseases having similar aetiopathogenesis.
Vegetation dynamics at the upper elevational limit of vascular plants in Himalaya
Authors: Dolezal Jiri , Dvorsky Miroslav , Kopecky Martin , Liancourt Pierre , Hiiesalu Inga , Macek Martin , Altman Jan , Chlumska Zuzana , Rehakova Klara , Capkova Katerina , Borovec Jakub , Mudrak Ondrej , Wild Jan , Schweingruber Fritz
Published: May 2016

A rapid warming in Himalayas is predicted to increase plant upper distributional limits, vegetation cover and abundance of species adapted to warmer climate. We explored these predictions in NW Himalayas, by revisiting uppermost plant populations after ten years (2003–2013), detailed monitoring of vegetation changes in permanent plots (2009–2012) and age analysis of plants growing from 5500 to 6150 m. Plant traits and microclimate variables were recorded to explain observed vegetation changes. The elevation limits of several species shifted up to 6150 m, about 150 vertical meters above the limit of continuous plant distribution. The plant age analysis corroborated the hypothesis of warming-driven uphill migration. However, the impact of warming interacts with increasing precipitation and physical disturbance. The extreme summer snowfall event in 2010 is likely responsible for substantial decrease in plant cover in both alpine and subnival vegetation and compositional shift towards species preferring wetter habitats. Simultaneous increase in summer temperature and precipitation caused rapid snow melt and, coupled with frequent night frosts, generated multiple freeze-thaw cycles detrimental to subnival plants. Our results suggest that plant species responses to ongoing climate change will not be unidirectional upward range shifts but rather multi-dimensional, species-specific and spatially variable.
Nonlinear modal interactions in parity-time (PT) symmetric lasers
Authors: Ge Li , El-Ganainy Ramy
Published: May 2016

Parity-time "Equation missing" symmetric lasers have attracted considerable attention lately due to their promising applications and intriguing properties, such as free spectral range doubling and single-mode lasing. In this work we discuss nonlinear modal interactions in these laser systems under steady state conditions and we demonstrate that several gain clamping scenarios can occur for lasing operation in the "Equation missing"-symmetric and "Equation missing"-broken phases. In particular, we show that, depending on the system’s design and the external pump profile, its operation in the nonlinear regime falls into two different categories: in one the system is frozen in the "Equation missing" phase space as the applied gain increases, while in the other the system is pulled towards its exceptional point. These features are first illustrated by a coupled mode formalism and later verified by employing the Steady-state Ab-initio Laser Theory (SALT). Our findings shine light on the robustness of single-mode operation against saturation nonlinearity in "Equation missing"-symmetric lasers.
Evolutionary Dynamics of MERS-CoV: Potential Recombination, Positive Selection and Transmission
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Shen Libing , Gu Xun
Published: May 2016

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) belongs to beta group of coronavirus and was first discovered in 2012. MERS-CoV can infect multiple host species and cause severe diseases in human. We conducted a series of phylogenetic and bioinformatic analyses to study the evolution dynamics of MERS-CoV among different host species with genomic data. Our analyses show: 1) 28 potential recombinant sequences were detected and they can be classified into seven potential recombinant types; 2) The spike (S) protein of MERS-CoV was under strong positive selection when MERS-CoV transmitted from their natural host to human; 3) Six out of nine positive selection sites detected in spike (S) protein are located in its receptor-binding domain which is in direct contact with host cells; 4) MERS-CoV frequently transmitted back and forth between human and camel after it had acquired the human-camel infection capability. Together, these results suggest that potential recombination events might have happened frequently during MERS-CoV’s evolutionary history and the positive selection sites in MERS-CoV’s S protein might enable it to infect human.
Surfactant-free synthesis of octahedral ZnO/ZnFe2O4 heterostructure with ultrahigh and selective adsorption capacity of malachite green
Authors: Liu Jue , Zeng Min , Yu Ronghai
Published: May 2016

A new octahedral ZnO/ZnFe2O4 heterostructure has been fabricated through a facile surfactant-free solvothermal method followed by thermal treatment. It exhibits a record-high adsorption capacity (up to 4983.0 mg·g−1) of malachite green (MG), which is a potentially harmful dye in prevalence and should be removed from wastewater and other aqueous solutions before discharging into the environment. The octahedral ZnO/ZnFe2O4 heterostructure also demonstrates strong selective adsorption towards MG from two kinds of mixed solutions: MG/methyl orange (MO) and MG/rhodamine B (RhB) mixtures, indicating its promise in water treatment.
Enhanced high-frequency absorption of anisotropic Fe3O4/graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Yin Yichao , Zeng Min , Liu Jue , Tang Wukui , Dong Hangrong , Xia Ruozhou , Yu Ronghai
Published: May 2016

Anisotropic Fe3O4 nanoparticle and a series of its graphene composites have been successfully prepared as high-frequency absorbers. The crystal structure, morphology and magnetic property of the samples were detailed characterized through X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The high-frequency absorbing performance of the composites is evaluated within 2.0–18.0 GHz. Combining reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to Fe3O4 helps to adjust the permittivity and permeability of the composite, balance the dielectric loss and magnetic loss, consequently improve the absorbing performance in view of the impedance matching characteristic. The optimal reflection loss of the pure Fe3O4 sample reaches −38.1 dB with a thickness of 1.7 mm, and it increases to −65.1 dB for the sample grafted with 3 wt.% RGO. The addition of proper content of RGO both improves the reflection loss and expands the absorbing bandwidth. This work not only opens a new method and an idea for tuning the electromagnetic properties and enhancing the capacity of high-efficient absorbers, but also broadens the application of such kinds of lightweight absorbing materials frameworks.
Waves spontaneously generated by heterogeneity in oscillatory media
Authors: Cui Xiaohua , Huang Xiaodong , Hu Gang
Published: May 2016

Wave propagation is an important characteristic for pattern formation and pattern dynamics. To date, various waves in homogeneous media have been investigated extensively and have been understood to a great extent. However, the wave behaviors in heterogeneous media have been studied and understood much less. In this work, we investigate waves that are spontaneously generated in one-dimensional heterogeneous oscillatory media governed by complex Ginzburg-Landau equations; the heterogeneity is modeled by multiple interacting homogeneous media with different system control parameters. Rich behaviors can be observed by varying the control parameters of the systems, whereas the behavior is incomparably simple in the homogeneous cases. These diverse behaviors can be fully understood and physically explained well based on three aspects: dispersion relation curves, driving-response relations, and wave competition rules in homogeneous systems. Possible applications of heterogeneity-generated waves are anticipated.
Spin-Cherenkov effect in a magnetic nanostrip with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Authors: Xia Jing , Zhang Xichao , Yan Ming , Zhao Weisheng , Zhou Yan
Published: May 2016

Spin-Cherenkov effect enables strong excitations of spin waves (SWs) with nonlinear wave dispersions. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) results in anisotropy and nonreciprocity of SWs propagation. In this work, we study the effect of the interfacial DMI on SW Cherenkov excitations in permalloy thin-film strips within the framework of micromagnetism. By performing micromagnetic simulations, it is shown that coherent SWs are excited when the velocity of a moving magnetic source exceeds the propagation velocity of the SWs. Moreover, the threshold velocity of the moving magnetic source with finite DMI can be reduced compared to the case of zero DMI. It thereby provides a promising route towards efficient spin wave generation and propagation, with potential applications in spintronic and magnonic devices.
Spin Vortex Resonance in Non-planar Ferromagnetic Dots
Authors: Ding Junjia , Lapa Pavel , Jain Shikha , Khaire Trupti , Lendinez Sergi , Zhang Wei , Jungfleisch Matthias B. , Posada Christian M. , Yefremenko Volodymyr G. , Pearson John E. , Hoffmann Axel , Novosad Valentine
Published: May 2016

In planar structures, the vortex resonance frequency changes little as a function of an in-plane magnetic field as long as the vortex state persists. Altering the topography of the element leads to a vastly different dynamic response that arises due to the local vortex core confinement effect. In this work, we studied the magnetic excitations in non-planar ferromagnetic dots using a broadband microwave spectroscopy technique. Two distinct regimes of vortex gyration were detected depending on the vortex core position. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with micromagnetic simulations.
Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Low Bone Mass in Older Chinese Population Based on Bone Mineral Density at Multiple Skeletal Sites
Authors: Lu Yi-Chien , Lin Ying Chin , Lin Yen-Kuang , Liu Yi-Jui , Chang Kwang-Hwa , Chieng Poon-Ung , Chan Wing P.
Published: May 2016

Diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on bone mineral density (BMD) measurement, which is site dependent and commonly discordant between measurement sites. We aimed to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis diagnosed based on BMD T-scores measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at different sites: the lumbar spine (LS) alone, femoral neck (FN) alone, or both. A total of 1712 women and 2028 men with LS and FN BMD measurements were enrolled. Over 50% discordance was found between osteoporosis classifications based on T-scores measured at the LS and FN. Use of the lowest T-scores measured at both the LS and right and left FN (rather than one site) significantly increased the prevalence of osteoporosis from 4.03 to 10.75% in postmenopausal women and 1.82 to 4.29% in men aged ≧50 years (p < 0.001). The trends of overall and age-adjusted prevalence of osteoporosis were similar in women and men. Osteoporosis was diagnosed at a higher rate if the USA reference rather than the Asia reference was used to calculate the T-score (26.64% vs. 10.75%). In conclusion, diagnosis based on the lowest T-score from multiple site BMD measurement can increase the prevalence of osteoporosis, demonstrating the higher sensitivity of the multiple site measurement strategy.
Fluorographene based Ultrasensitive Ammonia Sensor
Authors: Tadi Kiran Kumar , Pal Shubhadeep , Narayanan Tharangattu N.
Published: May 2016

Single molecule detection using graphene can be brought by tuning the interactions via specific dopants. Electrostatic interaction between the most electronegative element fluorine (F) and hydrogen (H) is one of the strong interactions in hydrogen bonding, and here we report the selective binding of ammonia/ammonium with F in fluorographene (FG) resulting to a change in the impedance of the system. Very low limit of detection value of ~0.44 pM with linearity over wide range of concentrations (1 pM–0.1 μM) is achieved using the FG based impedance sensor, andthisscreen printed FG sensor works in both ionized (ammonium) and un-ionized ammonia sensing platforms. The interaction energies of FG and NH3/NH4+ are evaluated using density functional theory calculations and the interactions are mapped. Here FGs with two different amounts of fluorinecontents −~5 atomic% (C39H16F2) and ~24 atomic% (C39H16F12) - are theoretically and experimentally studied for selective, high sensitive and ultra-low level detection of ammonia. Fast responding, high sensitive, large area patternable FG based sensor platform demonstrated here can open new avenues for the development of point-of-care devices and clinical sensors.
Robust singlet dimers with fragile ordering in two-dimensional honeycomb lattice of Li2RuO3
Authors: Park Junghwan , Tan Teck-Yee , Adroja D. T. , Daoud-Aladine A. , Choi Seongil , Cho Deok-Yong , Lee Sang-Hyun , Kim Jiyeon , Sim Hasung , Morioka T. , Nojiri H. , Krishnamurthy V. V. , Manuel P. , Lees M. R. , Streltsov S. V. , Khomskii D. I. , Park Je-Geun
Published: May 2016

When an electronic system has strong correlations and a large spin-orbit interaction, it often exhibits a plethora of mutually competing quantum phases. How a particular quantum ground state is selected out of several possibilities is a very interesting question. However, equally fascinating is how such a quantum entangled state breaks up due to perturbation. This important question has relevance in very diverse fields of science from strongly correlated electron physics to quantum information. Here we report that a quantum entangled dimerized state or valence bond crystal (VBC) phase of Li2RuO3 shows nontrivial doping dependence as we perturb the Ru honeycomb lattice by replacing Ru with Li. Through extensive experimental studies, we demonstrate that the VBC phase melts into a valence bond liquid phase of the RVB (resonating valence bond) type. This system offers an interesting playground where one can test and refine our current understanding of the quantum competing phases in a single compound.
Airy beam optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Aadhi A. , Chaitanya N. Apurv , Jabir M. V. , Vaity Pravin , Singh R. P. , Samanta G. K.
Published: May 2016

Airy beam, a non-diffracting waveform, has peculiar properties of self-healing and self-acceleration. Due to such unique properties, the Airy beam finds many applications including curved plasma wave-guiding, micro-particle manipulation, optically mediated particle clearing, long distance communication and nonlinear frequency conversion. However, many of these applications including laser machining of curved structures, generation of curved plasma channels, guiding of electric discharges in a curved path, study of nonlinear propagation dynamics and nonlinear interaction demand Airy beam with high power, energy and wavelength tunability. Till date, none of the Airy beam sources have all these features in a single device. Here, we report a new class of coherent sources based on cubic phase modulation of a singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO), producing high-power, continuous-wave (cw), tunable radiation in 2-D Airy intensity profile existing over a length >2 m. Based on a MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal pumped at 1064 nm, the Airy beam OPO produces output power more than 8 W and wavelength tunability across 1.51–1.97 μm. This demonstration gives new direction for the development of sources of arbitrary structured beams at any wavelength, power and energy in all time scales (cw to femtosecond).
Nanoparticle suspensions enclosed in methylcellulose: a new approach for quantifying nanoparticles in transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Hacker Christian , Asadi Jalal , Pliotas Christos , Ferguson Sophie , Sherry Lee , Marius Phedra , Tello Javier , Jackson David , Naismith James , Lucocq John Milton
Published: May 2016

Nanoparticles are of increasing importance in biomedicine but quantification is problematic because current methods depend on indirect measurements at low resolution. Here we describe a new high-resolution method for measuring and quantifying nanoparticles in suspension. It involves premixing nanoparticles in a hydrophilic support medium (methylcellulose) before introducing heavy metal stains for visualization in small air-dried droplets by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The use of methylcellulose avoids artifacts of conventional negative stain-TEM by (1) restricting interactions between the nanoparticles, (2) inhibiting binding to the specimen support films and (3) reducing compression after drying. Methylcellulose embedment provides effective electron imaging of liposomes, nanodiscs and viruses as well as comprehensive visualization of nanoparticle populations in droplets of known size. These qualities facilitate unbiased sampling, rapid size measurement and estimation of nanoparticle numbers by means of ratio counting using a colloidal gold calibrant. Specimen preparation and quantification take minutes and require a few microliters of sample using only basic laboratory equipment and a standard TEM.
Magnetically guided central nervous system delivery and toxicity evaluation of magneto-electric nanocarriers
Authors: Kaushik Ajeet , Jayant Rahul D. , Nikkhah-Moshaie Roozbeh , Bhardwaj Vinay , Roy Upal , Huang Zaohua , Ruiz Ariel , Yndart Adriana , Atluri Venkata , El-Hage Nazira , Khalili Kamel , Nair Madhavan
Published: May 2016

Least component-based delivery of drug-tagged-nanocarriers across blood-brain-barriers (BBB) will allow site-specific and on-demand release of therapeutics to prevent CNS diseases. We developed a non-invasive magnetically guided delivery of magneto-electric nanocarriers (MENCs), ~20 nm, 10 mg/kg, across BBB in C57Bl/J mice. Delivered MENCs were uniformly distributed inside the brain and were non-toxic to brain and other major organs, such as kidney, lung, liver and spleen and did not affect hepatic, kidney and neurobehavioral functioning.
High current density GaAs/Si rectifying heterojunction by defect free Epitaxial Lateral overgrowth on Tunnel Oxide from nano-seed
Authors: Renard Charles , Molière Timothée , Cherkashin Nikolay , Alvarez José , Vincent Laetitia , Jaffré Alexandre , Hallais Géraldine , Connolly James Patrick , Mencaraglia Denis , Bouchier Daniel
Published: May 2016

Interest in the heteroepitaxy of GaAs on Si has never failed in the last years due to the potential for monolithic integration of GaAs-based devices with Si integrated circuits. But in spite of this effort, devices fabricated from them still use homo-epitaxy only. Here we present an epitaxial technique based on the epitaxial lateral overgrowth of micrometer scale GaAs crystals on a thin SiO2 layer from nanoscale Si seeds. This method permits the integration of high quality and defect-free crystalline GaAs on Si substrate and provides active GaAs/Si heterojunctions with efficient carrier transport through the thin SiO2 layer. The nucleation from small width openings avoids the emission of misfit dislocations and the formation of antiphase domains. With this method, we have experimentally demonstrated for the first time a monolithically integrated GaAs/Si diode with high current densities of 10 kA.cm−2 for a forward bias of 3.7 V. This epitaxial technique paves the way to hybrid III–V/Si devices that are free from lattice-matching restrictions, and where silicon not only behaves as a substrate but also as an active medium.
Novel Coronin7 interactions with Cdc42 and N-WASP regulate actin organization and Golgi morphology
Authors: Bhattacharya Kurchi , Swaminathan Karthic , Peche Vivek S. , Clemen Christoph S. , Knyphausen Philipp , Lammers Michael , Noegel Angelika A. , Rastetter Raphael H.
Published: May 2016

The contribution of the actin cytoskeleton to the unique architecture of the Golgi complex is manifold. An important player in this process is Coronin7 (CRN7), a Golgi-resident protein that stabilizes F-actin assembly at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) thereby facilitating anterograde trafficking. Here, we establish that CRN7-mediated association of F-actin with the Golgi apparatus is distinctly modulated via the small Rho GTPase Cdc42 and N-WASP. We identify N-WASP as a novel interaction partner of CRN7 and demonstrate that CRN7 restricts spurious F-actin reorganizations by repressing N-WASP ‘hyperactivity’ upon constitutive Cdc42 activation. Loss of CRN7 leads to increased cellular F-actin content and causes a concomitant disruption of the Golgi structure. CRN7 harbours a Cdc42- and Rac-interactive binding (CRIB) motif in its tandem β-propellers and binds selectively to GDP-bound Cdc42N17 mutant. We speculate that CRN7 can act as a cofactor for active Cdc42 generation. Mutation of CRIB motif residues that abrogate Cdc42 binding to CRN7 also fail to rescue the cellular defects in fibroblasts derived from CRN7 KO mice. Cdc42N17 overexpression partially rescued the KO phenotypes whereas N-WASP overexpression failed to do so. We conclude that CRN7 spatiotemporally influences F-actin organization and Golgi integrity in a Cdc42- and N-WASP-dependent manner.
A ratiometric solvent polarity sensing Schiff base molecule for estimating the interfacial polarity of versatile amphiphilic self-assemblies
Authors: Majumder Rini , Sarkar Yeasmin , Das Sanju , Jewrajka Suresh K. , Ray Ambarish , Parui Partha Pratim
Published: May 2016

A simple interfacial polarity detection method for versatile self-assemblies is introduced for the first time by exploiting the polarity induced interconversion between nonionic and zwitterionic forms of Schiff base molecule (PMP).
A new electrochemical aptasensor based on a dual-signaling strategy and supersandwich assay
Authors: Wei Benmei , Zhang Juntao , Wang Haibo , Xia Fan
Published: May 2016

A new electrochemical aptasensor has been developed by coupling a dual signaling strategy and a supersandwich assay.
Effective isolation of exosomes with polyethylene glycol from cell culture supernatant for in-depth proteome profiling
Authors: Weng Yejing , Sui Zhigang , Shan Yichu , Hu Yechen , Chen Yuanbo , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui
Published: May 2016

PEG-based approach could permit a facile, low-cost and effective access for isolation of exosomes from cell culture supernatant.
Correction: Micropatterning neuronal networks
Authors: Hardelauf‡ Heike , Waide‡ Sarah , Sisnaiske Julia , Jacob Peter , Hausherr Vanessa , Schöbel Nicole , Janasek Dirk , van Thriel Christoph , West Jonathan
Published: May 2016

Correction for ‘Micropatterning neuronal networks’ by Heike Hardelauf, et al., Analyst, 2014, 139, 3256–3264.
Determination of underivatized amino acids in microsamples of a yeast nutritional supplement by LC-MS following microwave assisted acid hydrolysis
Authors: Aviram Lilach Yishai , McCooeye Margaret , Mester Zoltan
Published: May 2016

In this paper we describe a rapid method for microscale microwave assisted acid hydrolysis followed by quantitative amino acid analysis, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry UPLC-ESI-MS (QTOF) without derivatization.
A multidisciplinary approach to the study of the brightening effects of white chalk ground layers in 15th and 16thcentury paintings
Authors: Antunes Vanessa , Candeias António , Coroado João , Serrão Vitor , Cachão Mário , Carvalho Maria L.
Published: May 2016

This paper employs various techniques to analyze the mixture of chalk and binder materials used, by Portuguese and Flemish painters in the 15th and 16th centuries, to enhance the reflection of light in paintings.
Determination of tea tree oil terpenes by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry
Authors: Gallart-Mateu D. , Rodriguez-Sojo S. , de la Guardia M.
Published: May 2016

An alternative procedure was developed for determining quality control of terpenes in tea tree oil commercial samples.
Highly sensitive detection of copper(i) and copper(ii) in cell specimens by CE-UV with large-volume sample stacking
Authors: Chen Cheng , Li Xin , Xie Xia , Chang Fengxia , Li Meixian , Zhu Zhiwei
Published: May 2016

A CE-UV method has been developed for the simultaneous separation and sensitive determination of copper(i) and copper(ii) in cell specimens.
Anodic electrogenerated chemiluminescence behavior and the choline biosensing application of blue emitting conjugated polymer dots
Authors: Chen Hongmei , Lu Qiyi , Liao Jiayao , Yuan Ruo , Chen Shihong
Published: May 2016

The anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) dots was studied and applied in oxidoreductase-based ECL biosensing using Chox as the model enzyme.
New metal extractants and super-acidic ionic liquids derived from sulfamic acid
Authors: Dupont David , Renders Evelien , Raiguel Stijn , Binnemans Koen
Published: May 2016

N-Alkylated sulfamic acid derivatives are very interesting for metal processing. A new class of metal extractants and super-acidic ionic liquids is introduced.
Single-crystal and humidity-controlled powder diffraction study of the breathing effect in a metal–organic framework upon water adsorption/desorption
Authors: Aríñez-Soriano Javier , Albalad Jorge , Vila-Parrondo Christian , Pérez-Carvajal Javier , Rodríguez-Hermida Sabina , Cabeza Aurelio , Juanhuix Jordi , Imaz Inhar , Maspoch Daniel
Published: May 2016

Water adsorption/desorption-triggered single-crystal to single-crystal transformations in a MOF are studied.
Finely tuning MOFs towards high performance in C2H2 storage: synthesis and properties of a new MOF-505 analogue with an inserted amide functional group
Authors: Zhang Mingxing , Li Bin , Li Yunzhi , Wang Qian , Zhang Wenwei , Chen Banglin , Li Shuhua , Pan Yi , You Xiaozeng , Bai Junfeng
Published: May 2016

NJU-Bai 17, a new analogue of MOF-505 with the new and powerful absorption site of the amide and almost record high C2H2 uptake at room temperature was designed.
Adsorption isotherms for hydrogen chloride (HCl) on ice surfaces between 190 and 220 K
Authors: Zimmermann S. , Kippenberger M. , Schuster G. , Crowley J. N.
Published: May 2016

HCl partition coefficient on ice shows no dependence on temperature between 190 and 220 K.
Probing the excited state relaxation dynamics of pyrimidine nucleosides in chloroform solution
Authors: Röttger Katharina , Marroux Hugo J. B. , Böhnke Hendrik , Morris David T. J. , Voice Angus T. , Temps Friedrich , Roberts Gareth M. , Orr-Ewing Andrew J.
Published: May 2016

Ultrafast transient electronic and vibrational absorption spectroscopy (TEAS and TVAS) of 2′-deoxy-cytidine (dC) and 2′-deoxy-thymidine (dT) dissolved in chloroform examines their excited-state dynamics and the recovery of ground electronic state molecules following absorption of ultraviolet light. The chloroform serves as a weakly interacting solvent, allowing comparisons to be drawn with prior experimental studies of the photodynamics of these nucleosides in the gas phase and in polar solvents such as water. The pyrimidine base nucleosides have some propensity to dimerize in aprotic solvents, but the monomer photochemistry can be resolved clearly and is the focus of this study. UV absorption at a wavelength of 260 nm excites a 1ππ* ← S0 transition, but prompt crossing of a significant fraction (50% in dC, 17% in dT) of the 1ππ* population into a nearby 1nπ* state is too fast for the experiments to resolve. The remaining flux on the 1ππ* state leaves the vertical Franck–Condon region and encounters a conical intersection with the ground electronic state of ethylenic twist character. In dC, the 1ππ* state decays to the ground state with a time constant of 1.1 ± 0.1 ps. The lifetime of the 1nπ* state is much longer in the canonical forms of both molecules: recovery of the ground state population from these states occurs with time constants of 18.6 ± 1.1 ps in amino-oxo dC and ∼114 ps in dT, indicating potential energy barriers to the 1nπ*/S0 conical intersections. The small fraction of the imino-oxo tautomer of dC present in solution has a longer-lived 1nπ* state with a lifetime for ground state recovery of 193 ± 55 ps. No evidence is found for photo-induced tautomerization of amino-oxo dC to the imino-oxo form, or for population of low lying triplet states of this nucleoside. In contrast, ∼8% of the UV-excited dT molecules access the long-lived T1 (3ππ*) state through the 1nπ* state. The primary influence of the solvent appears to be the degree to which it destabilizes the states of 1nπ* character, with consequences for the lifetimes of these states as well as the triplet state yields.
Digestion of cooked meat proteins is slightly affected by age as assessed using the dynamic gastrointestinal TIM model and mass spectrometry
Authors: Denis S. , Sayd T. , Georges A. , Chambon C. , Chalancon S. , Santé-Lhoutellier V. , Blanquet-Diot S.
Published: May 2016

The main goal of the present study was to compare the degradation of meat proteins in adult and elderly digestive conditions.
High graphite N content in nitrogen-doped graphene as an efficient metal-free catalyst for reduction of nitroarenes in water
Authors: Yang Fan , Chi Cheng , Wang Chunxia , Wang Ying , Li Yongfeng
Published: May 2016

High graphite N content in nitrogen-doped graphene is synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal reaction, which can catalyze the reduction of nitroarenes by using a small amount of NaBH4 in water with high yield.
Sustainable iron-catalyzed direct imine formation by acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols with amines
Authors: Jaiswal Garima , Landge Vinod G. , Jagadeesan Dinesh , Balaraman Ekambaram
Published: May 2016

The Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling (ADC) of alcohols with amines is reported using a heterogeneous Fe-catalyst.