bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical Distributions in Number of Soil Microorganism with Caragana in the Hobq of Inner Mongolia
Authors: Wu Xiao Tong , Dai Ya Ting , Shao Yu Qin , Lu Jia Yin , Hou Miao Miao
Published: June 2014

The study investigated the vertical distribution of soil microorganism on Caragana rhizosphere at Hobq of ORDOS. The result showed that microbial vertical distribution was obvious. The order of vertical distribution in number of aerobic bacteria were 0-10cm>20-30cm>10-20cm>30-40cm, and there were significant differences between microorganisms in 0-10cm, 10-20cm and 30-40cm underground; the number of aerobic bacteria in 0-10cm underground was higher than 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm by 1.48,1.41 and 1.86. The order of vertical distribution in number of fungi were 0-10cm>10-20cm>20-30cm>30-40cm, and there were significant differences between 0-10 cm and 20-30cm、30-40cm, and between 10-20 cm and 20-30cm、30-40cm. the number of fungi in 0-10cm underground was higher than 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm by 1.01, 3.60 and 5.37. The order of vertical distribution in number of Actinomycetes was 0-10cm>10-20cm>20-30cm>30-40cm, and the differences between 0-10 cm and 10-20cm, 20-30cm, 30-40cm were significant; the number of Actinomycetes in 0-10cm underground was higher than 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm by 1.54,1.66 and 2.60. The distribution and quantity of soil microorganisms might be influenced by organic matter contents.
Effects on Coagulation to Biogas-Slurry from Cattle Dung
Authors: Han Min , Feng Cheng Hong , Wang Shun Li , Fu Ye Quan , An Li Qing , Liu Ke Feng , Gao Cheng Da
Published: June 2014

To explore purification approach of anaerobic-digested-slurry from cattle dung, this study translated a technology in inorganic coagulation. Under the same condition, a coagulation experiment was carried out by three kinds inorganic coagulants such as polyaluminium chloride (PAC), aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride, respectively, then measured indicators of pH value, BOD5 value, CODcr value, ammonia nitrogen value, turbidity value. Results showed that there was a varying degree of purification effect, and the removal rate of the above indicators increased as the coagulant dosage increasing, the ferric chloride with the dosage of 960mg/L was the best one in purifying effect among the three coagulants. It is feasible that coagulation technology was used to pretreatment biogas slurry from cattle dung, and most of the indicators reached Chinese national standard basically (GB 18596-2001).
Arsenic Content and the Bioavailability in Farmland Soils Affected by Mining Activities of a Realgar Ore, South China
Authors: Li Lian Fang , Zeng Xi Bai , Su Shi Ming , Wu Cui Xia , Wang Ya Lan
Published: June 2014

Investigation on arsenic (As) accumulation in soil and agricultural products collected from the areas influenced by mine tailings and spoils around Shimen realgar mine, Hunan province, China, was carried out in this study. Water solubility, fractionation and bioavailability of As were determined as well to understand the environmental risk of arsenic releasing from farmland to water system this region. The results indicated that total soil arsenic concentrations varied from 18.9 to 932mg kg-1 and the highest arsenic concentration exceeding 500mg kg-1 in soils occurred only within 500m from these arsenic sources, and relatively low content (<40 mg="" kg="" sup="">-1) appeared in the areas far away (>3000m) from the pollution source. Arsenic content in dryland soils decreased with the distance from the mining arsenic ore, tailings and heaps increased. Through sequential extraction procedure (SEP), it was verified that the least arsenic amount occurred for exchangeable fraction with the percentage of 1.1%, then the organically bound fraction (1.6%), and much of the arsenic in the soils was associated with relatively immobile solid phases as residual fraction ranging from 87.5% to 93.3%. The fraction of mobile species, which potentially is harmful to the environment, was found to be higher in the soils with more AsT (total arsenic) content. Through statistical analysis, it was found out that arsenic content in plants was significantly correlated (R2=0.202; P<0.01) with exchangeable As among these five As fractions in soils. Comparing extracted arsenic content in soils using distilled water (H2O-As), muriatic acid (HCl-As) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl-As), better positive relationship occurred significantly (R2=0.226; P<0.01) between NH4Cl-As and arsenic in plant, indicating the bioavailability was most closely related to NH4Cl-As rather than total As and other chemical solvents for extracting arsenic from soil.
Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Nutrient Content of Deyeuxia angustifolia
Authors: Fu Xiao Ling , Ma Fang , Ni Hong Wei , Wang Jian Bo
Published: June 2014

Taking the marsh meadow Deyeuxia angustifolia in San Jiang Plain of Northeast China as test material,a field experiment was carried out with treatments different in nitrogen supply (0,4,8g/m2) to investigate the effects the soil nutrient content.The results showed that difference among layers soil organic matter activity firstly increased and then decreased with increasing of nitrogen addition. Difference among layers soil total nitrogen contains were no significant differences. Soil total nitrogen contains reduced gradually in the 0-10cm layers,in the 10-20cm and 20-30cm layers firstly increased and then decreased. Difference among layers soil ammonium N contains were no significant differences.The 0-10cm and 20-30cm layers soil total NO-3-N firstly increased and then decreased,10-20cm layers firstly decreased and then increased. Difference among layers soil nitrate N contains obviously different levels (p<0.05). With increasing of nitrogen addition, the 0-10cm and 10-20cm layers soil total phosphoru contains increased gradually,20-30cm layers firstly increased and then decreased. With increasing of nitrogen addition,difference among layers soil total potassium contains were no significant differences.
Investigation and Evaluation on Heavy Metal Pollution of Vegetable Farm Soils in Fuxin, China
Authors: Gu Jian , Liu Zuo Xin
Published: June 2014

the paper discussed the pollution of heavy metal in vegetable farm soils in Fuxin city, China. The levels of lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and mercury in 5 soil samples obtained from vegetable farm soil were detected. The levels of lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and mercury were17.12-34.62mg/kg,0.12-0.24 mg/kg,32.28-50.96 mg/kg,6.86-8.83 mg/kg and 0.14-0.16 mg/kg, respectively. At same time, we have done some evaluation for vegetable farm soils pollution of Fuxin. The vegetable farm soils were contaminated by mercury in great universality, and the next is cadmium. As for contaminated degree, mercury-pollution is severe, and the second were cadmium, and the rest are slightly polluted. Compared the present pollution change, soil pollution in Fuxin is aggravate, which should grasp management, especially the serious mercury pollution that should pay attention to the monitoring mercury enterprises.
Natural Radioactivity of Topsoil in Two Granite Areas of Guangzhou, South China
Authors: Song Gang , Lu Min Xing , Zhu Qiu Ping , Chen Di Yun , Chen Yong Heng
Published: June 2014

The natural radionuclide (238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K) concentrations in 152 soil samples were determined from two major granite areas in Guangzhou, using high resolution γ-ray spectroscopic system based on the characteristic spectral peaks. The mean activity values for 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be 156.6±98.8, 160.9±96.5, 184.8±101.5 and 832.5±493.1 Bq kg–1 dry mass, respectively. The absorbed dose rate (D) calculated from activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K ranged from 53.2 to 497.1 nGy h–1 with a mean of 220.7 nGy h–1. The Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the outdoor annual effective dose and the external hazard index (Ir), which resulted from the natural radionuclides in soil, were also calculated and found to vary from 119.7 to 1117.2 Bq kg–1, from 0.07 to 0.61 mSv and from 0.33 to 3.07, respectively. The radium equivalent activities and the external hazard index in all the soil samples were same as 64.5% higher than the limit of 370 Bq kg–1 and 1.0, respectively. The outdoor annual effective dose was higher than the worldwide mean value of 0.07 mSv.
The Pressures and Countermeasures of Grassland Biodiversity Conservation in Northern China
Authors: Zheng Zhi Rong , Feng Chao Yang , Ye Sheng Xing , Diao Zhao Yan , Lv Shi Hai
Published: June 2014

In this study, we sought to analyze the pressures of the grassland ecosystem in China and explore practical countermeasures to protect grassland biodiversity. The prominent ecological problems in grassland biodiversity conservation included rapid population growth, economic development, resource exploitation and global climate change, among which human interferences strongly influenced the grassland ecosystem. Rapid population growth and economic development still severely restricted biodiversity conservation, but coal resource exploitation gradually developed a new serious pressure for grassland biodiversity. In addition, climate change further aggravated biodiversity loss. According to these pressures, we proposed several practical countermeasures such as readjusting the industrial structure, and relieving the pressures of grassland, and conducting near-natural restoration as well as carrying out ecological compensation. This study will provide the scientific reference for manager and policy-makers of grassland biodiversity conservation.
The Influence of Hg on Soil Enzyme Activity under Different Nitrogen Levels
Authors: Cao Xuan , Liu Hui Fen , Hao Jian Chao , She Chong Mei
Published: June 2014

The effect of heavy metal Hg on activities of soil urease, catalase and invertase in corn field with different nitrogen supplying levels.. The concentrations of Hg2+ were 0, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.50 mg·kg-1 dried soil, respectively. The three enzymes responded differently to Hg stress under different N treatments, the inhibition effect of Hg on urease activity was most significant, while the inhibition on catalase only existed at high nitrogen levels, the response of soil invertase under Hg stress firstly increased and then decreased. Under different nitrogen levels, the inhibition of Hg on three soil enzymes activity were as follows: urease > invertase > catalase. The results suggested that soil urease and soil invertase can be used as Hg pollution ecological monitoring index, early warning Hg pollution degree, while, soil catalase was not suitable as a soil Hg pollution warning index.
Research on Soil Moisture and Nutrients in Different Steppe Ecosystems
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Zhang Shuo , Wang Xiao Xin , Chen Lin , Zhou Chan
Published: June 2014

This study was carried on about soil moisture and nutrients of meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe ecosystems. The results showed that meadow steppes had the maximum soil moisture content, while the desert steppes had the minimum. This was because the three types of steppes had different soil types and physical characteristics, and these physical characteristics influenced soil moisture content to some extent. Compared with that in the meadow steppes and desert steppes, carbon and nitrogen content of soil of the typical steppes were the highest, and the differences in soil carbon and nitrogen among the three types of steppes were significant or obviously significant. They were due to the geographical environments, temperature and precipitation caused by a combination of factors.
Effects of Different Light Intensity on the Growth and Nutrients Content of Gynura
Authors: Cheng Xiang Rong , Liu Jia , Shu Jun , Yu Mu Kui
Published: June 2014

Light condition has significant effects on plant growth and nutrient accumulation. The growth and nutrients content of Gynura (Begonia fimbristipulata) were studied under three light intensities (natural field, 100% full sunlight (L0); 50% canopy cover (L1); 70% canopy cover (L2)) in Fuyang, China. The results showed that plant height, ground diameter and number of branches were no significant difference between L0 and L1 treatments (P>0.05), these variables were significantly lower in L2 treatment than that in L0 treatment (P<0.05). Potassium (K), phosphorus (P), vitamin C (Vc) and soluble sugar content in Gynura’s leaves reduced with decreasing light intensity. The content of protein and iron (Fe) were no significant difference among the three light treatments (P>0.05). The content of calcium (Ca) markedly increased in L1 treatment compared with L0 treatment (P<0.05), and it greatly declined in L2 treatment. The change of light conditions had less impact on the water-soluble amino acid content (except for alanine, serine, and glutamic acid). These results indicate that Gynura is suitable to cultivate under the forest with 50% canopy cover.
A Review of Forestland Use and Management in China
Authors: Jiang Yu Qi , Wang Yang , Chen Ke
Published: June 2014

In the past few decades, forestland management have changed in response to the improved patterns of resource use in rural China. Two main questions arise: what factors are to have an impacts on forestland use, and how does forestland management adapt to forestland use changes. Most researches mainly focus on forestland transfer for the forestland use, since forestland transfer has been the effective way of achieving intensive management. The forest tenure reform breeds new management modes and management methods for forestland change as the most basic driving force. However, there are some aspects need to be improved and further discussion is required, including constructing forestry credit system, perfecting mortgage system, and improving assets evaluation system and service mechanism. This paper summarizes the existing studies on forestland use and management from the reform of forestry system, forestland use change and forestland management.
Stable Isotope Analysis of Water Uptake Sources of Secondary Forests in the Central Yunnan Karst Plateau
Authors: Fan Tao , Wang Yan Hua , Guo Lian Jun , Li Jie
Published: June 2014

Ecosystems in the central of Yunnan karst plateau are very fragile due to thin soil layer and intensive infiltration capacity of rock fracture, which result in a very limited amount of water storage for plant uptake. Water retention in the soil zone and shallow fractured rock zone (subcutaneous) is a key factor for plant growth. Distinction of water sources taken by karst plants is a challenging task for botanists and hydrologists but is needed for ecosystem management. In this study, stable isotope analysis was used to investigate water sources for Quercus variabilis secondary forests at Shilin Geopark in Bajiang vally, central Yunnan of China. Proportions of water sources for plant uptake were determined by the δD and δ18O values of plant stem water, and water taken from soil layers and the subcutaneous zone. The analysis reveals that water was mainly taken from the soil layers and to less degree the subcutaneous zone as well. In dry seasons with scarce precipitation, plants in the secondary forest were prone to take more water from subcutaneous zone and upper layer of soil. Different species had different water use strategies, Quercus variabilisand Pistaciaweinmannifolia took a larger proportional water from the upper layer of soil and subcutaneous water, suggesting its deeper roots and wider range of shallower roots. However, Neolitsea homilantha extracted more percentage of water from the upper soil water because of its shallower roots.
Study on the Changes of Seedling Biomass of Introduction Fast-Growing Poplar
Authors: Lian Pei Yong , Yan Zhi Gang
Published: June 2014

With the introduction of four poplar varieties as the research object, in the growth period, the density of 30cm × 40cm biomass of seedlings were studied. The biomass of different organs of different varieties at seedling stage in different periods of change process, it can be seen that different varieties of the same organ is not the same in different periods of change, To estimate the biomass of each type during different periods, it can play a guiding role on nursery stock production.
Scale-Location Dependence of the Relationship between NDVI and Environmental Factors in Wuyi Mountain
Authors: Zou Wei Cheng , Xiao G. R.
Published: June 2014

The correlation between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and environmental factors is examined at different scales and locations in world heritage of Wuyi Mountain by wavelet coherency. These factors are elevation, slope, aspect, distance to nearest resident, distance to nearest road , and distance to nearest river along two transects based on data of DEM, residents, roads, rivers and ALOS remote sensing image in 2009.The results show that:(1) The relationships between NDVI and environmental factors change along with scale. The relationships between NDVI and environmental factors in the first transect are all weak at small scale (<480m). At medium scale (480-7680m), NDVI is significantly correlated with elevation, slope, resident , and road. At large scale (>7680m), NDVI is significantly correlated with elevation, resident and river. For the second transect, NDVI is significantly correlated with aspect at small scale; and significantly correlated with elevation, aspect, slope and river at medium scale; and significantly correlated with elevation, aspect, and slope at large scale. Thus elevation is the dominant controlling factors on the vegetation cover.(2)The relationships between NDVI and environmental factors also change when location changes. There is positive correlation between NDVI and elevation below the altitude of 600 m and the windward side of the southeast monsoon above 600m, while it is negative in the leeward side above 600m. Besides, NDVI is directly related with road, resident, slope, and river in the areas where the elevation is below 1200m, but inversely above 1200m.
Mine Dynamic Monitoring and Integrated Management Based on RS and GIS
Authors: Li Xue Yuan , Chen Shi Lei , Bian Kai
Published: June 2014

The development of mineral resources is accompanied by serious threats to the geological environment in China. In order to balance mining order, mine environmental protection and ecological restoration, this article examines a case study of Ningwu mining area and proposes an accurate method for mine dynamic monitoring in mining area based on remote sensing (RS), which is a series of technical processes with RS images selection, mine development situation and dynamic monitoring which includes areas change and types transfer. Findings indicate that the area of bauxite pit, bauxite and coal dump increased, the area of coal industrial square decreased, coal dump and industrial square mainly transferred into bauxite pit. The organization and storage model were discussed for results integrated management by spatial database engine (ArcSDE).The application of results retrieval was developed by GIS components. This method can be considered as an effective approach for a wide range of mine development monitoring in mining areas in China.
A Kind of Integrated Model for Panorama, Terrain and 3D Data Based on GML
Authors: Liu Shuai , Zhao Ling Li , Li Jun Sheng
Published: June 2014

Panorama image can provide 360 degrees view in one hotspot, which could solve the traditional three-dimensional expression of inadequate authenticity, difficult data acquisition as well as laborious and time-consuming modeling. However, we need other geographic information. So we propose a kind of integrated model based on GML, which contains a set of data structures to obtain panorama, terrain and 3D Data rapidly from the GML file, after analyzing GML files structure and parsing by the Document Object Model (DOM). The experiment shows that integrated model is very validated in web application using PTViewer, Java 3D and Web-related technologies.
Landscape Pattern of the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Project’ Disturbed Area in 2012 Based on the GIS Analysis
Authors: Xia Ping Juan , Chen Fang Qing
Published: June 2014

The landscape pattern is often obviously changed at the disturbed area of the large hydropower projects. The landscape pattern of Xiangjiaba hydropower project was analyzed using the geographic information systems technology and the method of landscape pattern index to uncover the effect of hydropower project. Based on the data of GPS, aerial photography pictures and field investigation at Xiangjiaba hydropower’ disturbed area in 2012, the map of landscape pattern and land use was drawn using ArcGIS 10.0, and landscape pattern index was figured out using FRAGSTATS 4.0. The result showed that the total landscape was heterogeneous with 10 kinds of patch types at the disturbed area of Xiangjiaba hydropower project. These patches were ranked by area as: woodlands> farmland> township and village > river >engineering land > shrubs> abandoned land> artificial grassland> waters > open forests. The dominated landscape patch was woodlands with the largest area. The artificial grassland, farmland, engineering land, and woodland were fragmented seriously with high under the influence of human activity and natural condition.
Detection of Rice Distribution Using NDVI Time-Series Similarity Measure
Authors: Guan Xu Dong , Huang Chong , Liu Gao Huan
Published: June 2014

Rice cultivation is essential for agricultural production in Mekong Delta. Rice production estimation is based on the measurement of paddy field area and plantation system. Detection of paddy rice area and the plantation system is significant to food security decision. Based on the MODIS NDVI time-series data and the Dynamic Time Wrapping (DTW) similarity measure we detected the single and multiple rice distribution in Mekong Delta in 2010. Firstly, a combination of replacement and filter method was applied to denoising the MODIS NDVI time-series. Secondly, extracted the standard NDVI time-series cycle of single and multiple rice on MODIS NDVI time-series image. Thirdly, compare each pixel’s NDVI time-series cycle with each standard NDVI time-series cycle based on DTW distance. Finally, choose threshold in DTW distance and determine paddy rice’s distribution. Results were examined by sampling point and high resolution image of Mekong Delta; it shows that the extraction accuracy is 86%, relatively high for MODIS data classification outcome.
Precipitation Estimation at the Site of Transmission Tower Using Geographic Information System
Authors: Yao Leehter , Tsai Teng Shih , Chang Rong Chi
Published: June 2014

A method calculating the precipitation at the site of every transmission tower based on the precipitation estimation data is proposed. An inverse-distance weighting (IDW) method is modified for spatial interpolation of the precipitation data received from Central Weather Bureau. Accuracy and computational speed are both put into consideration in the design of the proposed approach because vast amount of transmission towers is required to process at a time.
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Metaplexis Japonica Makino Extract and Derivatives
Authors: Wang Bao Qing
Published: June 2014

Antioxidant activities of acetone and ethyl acetate extracts from Metaplexis japonica Makino, one of famous medicine plants in the eastnorth region of China, named luomo in Chinese, were examined by a DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging assay and a β-carotene-linoleic acid test. In DPPH, the antioxidant activity of the acetone extracts, ethyl acetate extracts and derivative were IC50 were 313.21, 266.92 and 118.78μg/mL, respectively. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid test, IC50 were 285.09, 351.57 and 123.89μg/mL. It was concluded that Metaplexis japonica Makino and its derivatives might be a potential natural source of antioxidants .
Yellow River Estuary Coastline Change Analysis before and after the Water and Sediment Regulation in 12 Years
Authors: Yang Hai Bo , Li Yun  Fei , Wei Jia Hua
Published: June 2014

Based on the Landsat TM images of the Yellow River Delta from 2002 to 2013, the coastlines before and after water and sediment regulation in each year were extracted by the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) with RS and GIS software. The dynamic changes of coastlines were analyzed in combination with the conditions of water and sediment regulation. The results show that the coastlines were generally pushed ahead though it changed ahead and back alternately in the past decade. The coastline near the estuary changed more obviously than other area. There is a positive linear relationship between the rate of the coastline pushing ahead and the ratio of the water and sediment quantity discharged into the sea in this region.
Analysis on Spatial Difference of the Rural Resident’s per Capita Net Income in Qinhuangdao City Based on ESDA
Authors: Wu Yu Hong
Published: June 2014

Based on the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and GIS technology, the spatial differences of the rural economic development level of Qinhuangdao city was investigated by adopting the rural resident’s per capita net income data at town level in Qinhuangdao city from 2007 to 2011. The results of global Moran’s I value for rural resident’s per capita net income at town level showed that there existed significant positive spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial aggregation in the spatial distribution of rural resident’s per capita net income. However, the global Moran’s I value showed a decreasing trend during 2007 to 2011, indicating an enlarged spatial disparity of rural economy at the town level. The results of the Moran scatter plots and LISA cluster maps of 2007 and 2011 showed that most of towns were characterized by positive local spatial association , ie. They were located in the HH or the LL quadrant. The significant HH towns were mostly to be found in the south of Qinhuangdao city, Haigang district, Changli county, Lulong county. The significant LL towns were mostly to be found in the Qinglong county, north of Qinhuangdao city.
Ex Situ Purification of Fishpond Water by Lotus Pond
Authors: Tian Min , Zhu Jian Qiang , Li Gu
Published: June 2014

In the plain-lake area of south China, aquaculture and plantation of aquatic commercial crop are very common. In order to realize water quality improvement for aquaculture pond and reuse of the nutrients, it is essential to establish an integrated system that constitute aquaculture pond and plant purifying pond which are linked by necessary farmland works. In the study, the connection between fishpond and lotus pond was established mainly by water pipe and water suction pump. When lotus pond is used for purifying fishpond water, using water pump draw water from fishpond into lotus pond, then experiments of water retention and subsurface flow on the lotus pond were done in the several growth stages of lotus root. During the experiments taking water samplings at the inlet and outlet which were installed at lotus pond to determine the relevant water quality indicators, analysis showed that: TP, TN, NH4+-N, NO3――N, NO2――N and CODMn contained in aquaculture water may effectively remove as the water stay at lotus pond for a certain time, the removal rate of the above-mentioned substances increases with the increase of retention period of the aquaculture water standing in lotus pond; there are some regularity when fishpond water is purified by surface flow in lotus pond, the removal rate for TP and TN in dormant stage of lotus root is more than that in adult-plant stage and the effect in adult-plant stage is more than that in rooting stage, and for NH4+-N, NO3――N, NO2――N and CODMn the removal rate in adult-plant stage is more than that in dormant stage and the effect in dormant stage is more than that in rooting stage; the more of the TP, TN, NO3――N and NH4+-N is removed with the increase of the running time when fishpond water processed by surface flow in lotus pond, the removal rate of them arrives to 13.89%, 11.43%, 11.02% and 5.73% separately after the system running for 6 hours; compared with the contrast fishpond, the water quality of the fishpond combining with lotus pond is good obviously, where water quality indicators such as TP, NO3--N, TURB(turbidity) and SD(water transparency) arrive to significant improvement, meanwhile TN, NH4+-N and CODMn get a marked improvement. On average, such a conclusion can be drawn that aquaculture in fishpond and plantation in lotus pond may be integrate, fishpond water may get an improvement by ex-situ purification of lotus pond, and meanwhile the combination makes it possible that the nutrients contained in fishpond water are recycled.
High-Purity Chlorine Dioxide Generation Process from Sodium Chlorate by Using Waste Molasses
Authors: Wu Ming Song , Xu Xun , Xu Xin Yang , Chen Shu Juan , Huang Zi Wei , Biao Deng , Hu Ya Jie
Published: June 2014

A new chlorate-based chlorine dioxide generation process was developed by using waste molasses as reductant in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst. The optimum technological condition was determined as 80 oC, 50% sulfuric acid, molasses and sodium chlorite weight ratio of 1:4. The best conversion rate and purity of chlorine dioxide was 73.8% and 95.1%, respectively. Chlorite was found in the reacting mixtures, and major reactions of in process were inferred. The results obtained provides a new way for waste molasses comprehensive utilization and chlorine dioxide generation.
Classification of Recreational Agglomeration Districts in Suburban Metropolis: Beijing Case
Authors: Wang Run
Published: June 2014

As acceleration of urbanization progress, suburban area becomes vital recreation destination for residents in metropolis. Tourism industrial elements concentrate in definite place where there are appropriate conditions for tourism development. This research aimed to identify different types of tourism agglomeration districts. There are two factors contributing to classification: Attraction location quotient and facility location quotient. Location quotient was calculated based on town panel data. Finally, agglomeration districts in suburban Beijing could be divided into three types. This paper is basic study for tourism cluster research, and can be adapted to recreation management for different develop modes.
Effects of Comprehensive Land Consolidation on Regional Ecological Service Value in Hills and Mountains
Authors: Ke Yin
Published: June 2014

The research object of this paper is BiBei comprehensive land consolidation projects in Bishan County of Chongqing, analysis the land comprehensive consolidation impact on regional ecological service value. The results show: (1) Through comprehensive land consolidation, cultivated land and construction land increased, unused land decreased accordingly. (2) The ecosystem services value of arable land significant increase after comprehensive renovation; the ecosystem services value of garden and forest remain unchanged; the ecological services Value of unused land reduce. From profit or loss of individual services value in the ecological systems, gas regulation, water regulation, climate regulation, soil formation and protection, raw materials, biodiversity conservation, waste treatment, food production, entertainment and cultural and other functions have varying degrees of increase after land consolidation.(3) Overall, the ecosystem services value will increase after land consolidation. ecological construction of comprehensive land management model has changed the traditional purpose of comprehensive land management in order to achieve the balance of arable land only, indicates that in hilly areas, the ecological construction land comprehensive mode has changed the traditional mode of only in order to achieve the goal of arable land balance, enter in order to improve land productivity, improve agricultural ecological environment as the main target stage.
Evaluation of the Arable Land Intensive Use in before and after Comprehensive Land Consolidation – A Case Study of DaLu Town
Authors: Yi Xiao , Ke Yin
Published: June 2014

The research object of this paper is comprehensive land consolidation pilot area in DaLu Town of Chongqing. Establish based on the PSR framework arable land intensive use of the evaluation system, dynamic evaluation of urban land high efficient intensive utilization in the study area form 2008 to 2012. The results show: (1) Through comprehensive land consolidation, three indicators have improved to varying degrees. (2)Improve the maximum is state index, its index increased0.3335; Improve second multi is pressure index, its index increased0.1043; Improve minimum is respond index, its index increased0.1000.(3)Overall, the level of intensive arable land use showed an increasing trend in study area. Through comprehensive land consolidation, intensive arable land use level improves the range of 29.70%.
Fractal Study of Land Use Change in the Tailan River Basin, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Sun Dong Yuan , Zhao Cheng Yi , Li Yuan Hong , Peng Dong Mei , Almanaseer Naser
Published: June 2014

Based on the land use data observed over the Tailan River Basin (TRB) during the years 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2008, fractal theory is adopted and applied to expound spatial distribution characteristics and variation law of land use change in the arid inland TRB, Xinjiang, China. The results demonstrate spatial fractal characteristics in all land use types. The analysis indicate that the fractal dimensions of different land use types in the TRB are in the order of waters > industrial, mining and residential areas > farmlands > grasslands > unused lands > woodlands in 1990, and in the order of waters > industrial, mining and residential areas > grasslands > farmlands > woodlands > unused lands in 2000, and in the order of waters > industrial, mining and residential areas > grasslands > woodlands > farmlands >unused lands in 2005, and in the order of waters > industrial, mining and residential areas > grasslands > unused lands > woodlands > farmlands in 2008. The fractal dimension values of land use in the TRB in 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2008 are calculated as 1.5993, 1.5986, 1.6079 and 1.6348 respectively. Fractal dimension of land use in the basin is decreased at first then increased, the spatial structure of land used exhibit complex trend, while the land use types show an increase trend. The stability indexes of spatial structure of land use in the TRB in 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2008 are 0.1720, 0.1563, 0.1435 and 0.1428 respectively. These values suggest that the stability of the spatial structure of land use in the basin is gradually decreased.
Research on Land Consolidation Mode in Shuozhou, Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Xiong Hong Yuan , Qian Ming Jie , Liu Dan Hong
Published: June 2014

The land consolidation mode refers to the abstract summary of solutions for similar problems of land consolidation in the specific area. In such a brittle eco-area, the type of land use in loess plateau is varied and problems in land utilization have certain regional characteristics. By taking the example of the mining city of Shuozhou in Shanxi province and based on the analysis of the current situation of local land utilization and the major issues arising from such utilization in line with the rolling out of the project of Shuozhou land consolidation planning, this paper summarizes 13 consolidation modes under 4 categories with regional characteristics targeting four typical types of to-be-consolidated lands of farmland, rural residential land, abandoned land for industrial and mining purpose as well as unused land aiming at providing typical land consolidation modes for reference through in-depth study and practice.
Study on the Spatial Connectivity and Distribution of the Landscape for Maoershan Region in Heilongjiang Province
Authors: Wu Yun Jie , Wang Feng You
Published: June 2014

The spatial distribution of the landscape types for Maoershan region was found by the analysis of landscape nearest neighbor index and landscape connectivity index with ARC/INFO. The results showed that there were great difference of landscape connectivity between woodland and non-woodland; the nearest neighbor index of plantation was lower than that of natural forest; and the landscape pattern of natural forest were nearly the random distribution.
The Analysis Research of 20 Years’ LUCC in Dalian
Authors: Zhao Yu Yan
Published: June 2014

Based on the support of GIS tools and land database, this paper put the LUCC theory into practice. The ArcGIS space analysis and transition matrix are used for the research of land use change of Dalian city through the 20 years’ period. Result shows that, from the year 1990 to the year 2010, enormous transformation has happened in land use type, of which the overall characteristics of transformation are reduction of wood land and grass land, with the increasing of construction land and water area. The trend of city construction area’s enlarging and agricultural land resources’ reducing is very obvious.
Spatial and Temporal Change of Land Use/Cover Change in Hebei Bohai Rim for Recent 40 Years
Authors: Chen Jing , Fu Mei Chen , Wei Jing
Published: June 2014

Based on the remote sensing image data of 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2008, the transfer matrix of land use/cover change were extracted using ArcGIS software, and the paper analyzed the spatial and temporal change of land use/cover change using barycenter transfer model. Results showed that: (1) From 1970 to 2008, cultivated land had been dominated land use type, followed by water area, construction land and unexploited land, and there was small proportion of forest land and grass land; forest land, water area, construction land and unexploited land were increased, and cultivated land and grass land were decreased; the conversions among cultivated land, water area and unexploited land were more closely. (2) The study on barycenter transfer model indicated that from 1970 to 2008, the barycenter transfer direction of cultivated land and construction land was north by west, and the barycenter transfer direction of forest land and unexploited land was south by west, and the barycenter transfer direction of grass land was south by east, with the maximum distance; and that of water area was north by east.
Exploring Urban Land Carrying Capacity under the Requirement of Ecological Civilization in China
Authors: Qiao Sheng , Zhu Tan
Published: June 2014

Chinese government has proposed the ecological civilization and requires integrate this issue into land use strategies. So the historical evolution of the land carrying capacity evaluation was first analyzed in this paper. "Population-based" and "industry-oriented" methods were then discussed. Based on this, ecological civilization-related urban land carrying capacity evaluation method is elaborated in this paper. Taking Tianjin Binhai New Area as an example, a preliminary exploration was conducted. The analysis of case studies shows it is practical to carry out the ecological civilization-related method.
Study on Ecological Approach of Urban Green Space Based on Low Carbon Idea
Authors: Fu Chen Gu Hua
Published: June 2014

The sharp degradation of urban ecological environment resulted from global climate change and rapid urbanization has become an important affecting factor of regional sustainable development. Low carbon city is a considerable countermeasure to solve this problem. Being an important part of low carbon city construction, low carbon urban landscape has attracted increasing interests from city managers and planners. The strategy of the low carbon urban landscape development was discussed from an ecological perspective, and the strategies of low-carbon urban landscape planning and construction were proposed, in order to provide practical reference for planning and construction of low-carbon city and low-carbon urban landscape. These strategies included selecting plant varieties, improving plant community structure, optimizing spatial structure of green space, constructing low maintenance green space, and synthesis utilization of water resources etc.
Investigation of Phytoplankton and Evaluation on Water Quality of Taizi River in Liaoyang Area
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Xing Qing Chao , Zhao Chun Long , Zhao Hai Tao , Ma Liang , Wang Yong Fang , Cai Duan Bo
Published: June 2014

To evaluate water quality, an investigation of phytoplankton community was conducted in Taizi River of Liaoyang Area, June 2011. The results showed that 130 species of phytoplankton belong to 6 phyla and 63 genera existed. Chlorphyta has the richest species of algae, which accounted for 43.85% of the total number, followed by Bacillariophyta (32.41%). Water quality in upstream is better than downstream. Species and biomass of Cyanophyta and Euglenophyta which have tolerance of pollution increasing According to the integrative analysis result of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou Evenness index and Margalef Species diversity index, Taizi river is judged belong to low-polluted or oligo- polluted，but some sites belong to β -moderate polluted, effective managements should be taken in order to control the water pollution.
The Countermeasures for Establishing the Green Space System to Attain the Sustainable Natural Service
Authors: Sun Jia Xiu Sun , Zhou Xiao Qing
Published: June 2014

The serious eco-environmental hazard affecting hilly city have appeared. we should input more investment into environmental protection, and develop green technology and recycling economy. In order to guarantee ecological security, the countermeasures for ecological infrastructure construction are put forward, establishing the green space system including suburban forest, farmland and green space, recovering wetland ecosystem, optimizing industrial structure and urban spatial distribution, and developing recycling economy, establishing ecological infrastructure monitoring network and information forecast system, carrying out ecological management.
Indoor Ventilation and Comfort Evaluation of Traditional Folk Houses under Natural Conditions in China
Authors: Rao Yong , Wang Dong Sheng
Published: June 2014

Based on the subjective questionnaire and field measurement of the physical environment about traditional folk houses indoor and outdoor,this topic chose three typical folk houses to analyze thermal comfort, indoor the wind field ,and temperature field , summarized the indoor ventilation problems existing in the traditional folk houses, explored the influence factors of indoor ventilation and thermal comfort. Poor indoor thermal comfort is mainly manifested as: the higher indoor temperature and the higher internal surface temperature of building envelope, and poor air flow indoor. It is one of important means for promoting the indoor thermal comfort and improving the indoor air quality of traditional folk houses by adopting appropriate building ventilation technology and effectively using natural ventilation.
Identification of High Risk Feature Regions for Transmission Towers
Authors: Yao Leehter , Tsai Teng Shih , Chang Rong Chi
Published: June 2014

Torrential rainfall or continuous rainfall for a certain period of time may wash out the foundation of transmission towers and cause tilt or collapse of towers. Special attentions are required for the towers locating at the feature regions such as high risk landslides, mediocre risk landslides, mudslides, dip slopes, and fault zones. The towers locating inside or in the neighborhood of these features regions in Geographic Information System are identified and given different alert limits of precipitation. Accuracy and computational speed are both put into consideration in the design of the proposed approach because vast amount of transmission towers is required to process at a time.
Macrokinetics and Mechanism of Phenol Solution Degradated by Fe3+/Ce4+ Doped TiO2 Particles
Authors: Wang Yu Fei , Yan Long , Li Jian
Published: June 2014

Fe3+/Ce4+ doped TiO2 particles was prepared and used for degradation of phenol solution, the macrokinetics and mechanism of degradation process was proposed by GC-MS, and Fe3+/Ce4+-doped TiO2 particles before and after treated phenol was also compared by TEM. The experimental results showed that COD degradation reactions in static and dynamic cycle process are in accordance with first-order kinetics from the macro effects, phenol can be oxidized to intermediates, such as isobutyric acid, malonic acid, para-benzoquinone, butenic acid, ethanedioic acid, maleic acid, butanedioic acid, o-dihydroxybenzene, paradioxybenzene and dioxybenzene, indicating that Fe3+/Ce4+-doped TiO2 particles are beneficial to some oxidation formation. Moreover, the shapes of Fe3+/Ce4+-doped TiO2 particles after treated phenol displays aggregated.
Small Natural Molecules Targeting DNA G-Quadruplexes
Authors: Li Zi Jian , Ding Yan Ping , Zhang Su Lin , Wu Yan Ling , Zhang Wen
Published: June 2014

DNA G-quadruplex (G4-DNA) has emerged as a new drug target for anti-tumor. The small compounds can induce the formation of G4-DNA and stabilize its structures, which is of potential significance for the tumor treatment. This paper focuses on our current understanding about the structure of G4-DNA, the binding mode between G4-DNA and small molecular ligands, and natural products targeting G4-DNA.
The Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviors of X70 Pipeline Steel in Polluted Freshwater
Authors: Cao Gang , Xia Dong Sheng , Sun Lei
Published: June 2014

The corrosion behaviors of X70 pipeline steels in polluted freshwater were investigated by electrochemical measurements. Results of immersion experiments in eutrophic freshwater and pollution-free water showed that the dissolved oxygen content in the water was a key factor in determining the corrosion rate of X70 pipeline steels. Because the dissolved oxygen content in the polluted freshwater was lower than that in pollution-free freshwater, the corrosion rate of X70 pipeline steels in polluted freshwater was also lower than that in the pollution-free water. Moreover, electrochemical measurements in simulated freshwater showed that phosphoric compounds had an inhibiting influence on the corrosion of X70 pipeline steels while the nitric compounds had little this inhibiting effect.
Effects of Salinity of Porewater on Arsenic Speciations in Sediments of Bosten Lake in Xinjiang, Northwest China
Authors: Liu Ying , Bao An Ming
Published: June 2014

Bosten Lake lies in semi-arid of the southern Xinjiang with hot summer, low precipitation and will be salinized and in which water plays a strategic role. The most toxicity trace metal arsenic (As) in lake sediment was taken as an object to study the environment effects when the water is increasingly salinized. Through sampling around the obviously salinity gradient area, the 191 field data were used to analyze the effect of salinity of porewater on the change of As risk to the environment. From the sample distribution between the As speciation (the As in the porewater, the exchangeable fraction and the carbonate fraction of the sedimentary As) vs. EC (salinity index), and ions concentration of Cl-, SO42-, Na+, Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+, it is inferred that the As risk is decreased when the water salinity is increasing.
Qualitative Analysis of Three-Dimensional Single Food-Chain Model with Variable Consumption Rate in Chemostat
Authors: Liu Jing , Jiang Hong Wei , Liu Chao
Published: June 2014

The paper studies three-dimensional food-chain model with variable consumption rate in Chemostat. Assume the prey population's consumption rate of the nutrients is quadratic function, and the predator's consumption rate of the prey population is linear function. Use qualitative theory of ordinary differential equation to analyze the equilibrium solution of the model, especially the existence and stability of positive equilibrium solutions and Hopf bifurcation solutions. Finally,several numerical simulations illustrating the theoretical analysis are also given.