bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Pre-Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among the Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: khan Salman , -Rehman Naseeb-Ur , Zubair Mohammad , Khan Nisar
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is a growing global health concern that is a chronic danger to world health due to tuberculosis (TB).
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of both pre extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (PXDRTB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (EXDRTB) in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB).
Material and Method: A prospective study was performed at DHQ Teaching Hospital, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan from March 2023 to February 2024. A cohort of 220 eligible patients with drug-resistant TB, aged 20 to 70, participated. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and patient profiles and drug susceptibility testing were obtained. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.
Results: Of the total patients, 32.72% (n=72) had PXDRTB, and 8.18% (n=18) had EXDRTB. All PXDRTB cases showed resistant to fluoroquinolone (FQ).
Conclusion: In order to lessen the effect of drug-resistant tuberculosis on public health, tailored treatments and ethical antibiotic usage are important. This is highlighted by the high incidence of FQ resistance. These results have consequences for the early detection, management, and avoidance of tuberculosis that is resistant to drugs.
Pattern of Junk Food consumption Among Hostelite and Day Scholar Medical Students of Peshawar
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Qazi Nadia , Ahmad Bilal , Singh Dheeraj , Ahmed Faisal , Shah Burhan Ali , Yasir Bushra , Khan Babar , Alam Faiz
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background: Junk foods are considered to have low nutritional value, however, young people, especially students are particularly more attracted, because of its more readily available food options..
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the frequency of junk food consumption among undergraduate medical students in Peshawar and analyze the difference among Hostelite and day scholar medical students as well as to determine the factors responsible for it.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study data was collected from 207 MBBS students from five different medical colleges  in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Random sampling technique was used to collect the data from January to July 2023. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the students about various aspects of their junk food consumption and results obtained were statistically analyzed for level of significance.
Results: The results showed that weekly consumption (n=102, 49.3%) of junk food was the highest. Fast foods (50.5%) and snacks (27.1%) were the most consumed junk foods. The biggest reason for junk food consumption was ‘taste’ (n=178 62.7%).  Gender showed a significant association (p<0.05) with increasing frequency of junk food with females consuming more. Differences in residential status and institution classes were not statistically significant effect (p>0.05). Comparison of Hostelite and day scholars for various factors like ‘taste’, ‘convenience’, affordability, social and ‘peer pressure’, ‘craving’ and ‘availability’ did not yield a significant difference either (p>0.05).
Conclusions: We concluded that the most commonly consumed junk food among medical students is ‘fast food’, citing ‘taste’ as the biggest reason. Availability affordability and other factors do not contribute as much. Both, Hostelite and day scholar medical students consume junk food at an equal rate. Females were found to have higher consumption as compared to male students.
Efficacy of Balloon Tamponade in the Management Primary Postpartum Haemmorhage
Authors: Qadir Maimoona
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Background: Postpartum Haemmorhage is the leading cause of maternal death all over the world. It remains a serious complication of childbirth in developed and developing countries.
Objective: To evaluate the success of uterine balloon tamponade in those patients suffering from postpartum Haemmorhage where medical treatment has failed.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Gynae Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022.Cross sectional is the type of study design and no probability sampling is the type of sampling method. All patients with primary postpartum Haemmorhage, in 15-45 years age range, who delivered vaginally after a full term pregnancy, were included. Those having history of caesarean section, uterine anomalies, preterm labor, morbidly adherent placentas, placental abruptions, placenta previas and retained products were excluded. All the patients where the cause of PPH was uterine atony were first managed with pharmacological treatment, which if failed then uterine balloon tamponade was inserted. Tamponade was removed after 24-48 hours. Failure in cessation of bleeding was followed by surgical management in the form of B lynch suture or hysterectomy. Data was collected in a predesigned Proforma.
Results: The mean age was 26.02+4.42 years.9.72% women had past history of PPH. Majority of our study population was grand Multigravidas(61.57%) and the most prevalent age group was 26-35 years age group.87% women responded to medical treatment and UBT was applied in the rest. The UBT success rate was 89.2% whereas it failed in 10.8% women where laprotomies were conducted. The higher response rate was noticed in grand Multigravidas (50%) and in 26-35 years age group (46%).It failed in three patients who had no history of PPH and was successful in those with coagulopathies.
Conclusion: The response rate to uterine balloon tamponade is higher in patients with postpartum Haemmorhage due to uterine atony. Before embarking on surgical procedures with many possible complications, uterine balloon tamponade should be used
Comparison of Perinatal Outcomes of two Methods to Assist Delivery for Impacted Fetal Head at Cesarean Birth
Authors: Liaqat Nazia , Hayat Nazish , Syed Wajeeha
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT:
Background: Impacted fetal head is a challenging obstetrical situation at second stage cesarean births. Among different techniques, Reverse breech extraction and conventional head push techniques are the two widely used techniques.
Objective: To compare perinatal outcomes of breech extraction method Vs head push technique to assist delivery for impacted fetal head at cesarean birth
Material and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gynea Department, Lady Reading Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from 1st Feb 2019 till 31 Jan 2022. A total of 170, patients with alive fetus, cephalic presentation, undergoing second stage cesarean sections with deeply impacted fetal head and with baby delivered either via push up technique or reverse breech extraction technique were included in the study. Patients were divided in to two equal groups based on the technique of fetal delivery. The two groups were compared for perinatal outcomes of Low APGAR score, NICU admissions and early neonatal deaths.
Results: Of the total 170 patients, 85 were in each group. Mean age was 29.66±4.41, with range from 18 to 40 years. Sixty-one (61%) percent women were multiparas and 39% were primiparas. Mean gestational age of study participants was 39.42 ± 1.37. Statistically significant difference was observed between Group II (reverse breech extraction) and Group I (standard head push) for low APGAR score (<7/10) at 5 minutes i.e. 13 (13.29%) vs 26 (30.59%) (p-0.018). Neonatal intensive care admission rate was 24 % for Group II and 38% for Group I (p-0.066).The difference in neonatal death between two groups was not statistically significant, i.e. 4% vs 6% (p-0.77).
Conclusion: Reverse breech extraction technique has the advantage over conventional head push technique in term of reduced rates of low APGAR scores at 5 minutes of birth
APLICABILIDADE DO ENUNCIADO 671 DA IX JORNADA DE DIREITO CIVIL DIANTE DA DESIGUALDADE DE GÊNERO NO DIREITO DAS FAMÍLIAS
Authors: Morais Clarice Paiva
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, tem por escopo trazer reflexões críticas acerca da importância da utilização da standpoint theory nos discursos de aplicação após análise de duas decisões judiciais em casos de família sob a ótica do Enunciado 671 da IX Jornada de Direito Civil, que dispõe sobre a igualdade do direito de convivência dos genitores com a criança mesmo em tenra idade. A standpoint theory, epistemologia feminista crítica ao positivismo jurídico, trabalha com a ideia de que todo sujeito cognoscente vê e fala de algum lugar e que a perspectiva do oprimido, no caso as mulheres, amplia a objetividade na produção do conhecimento nos discursos, trazendo, para além de opiniões e interesses, perspectivas e experiências, o que aprimora o espaço dialógico dentro de um estado democrático de direito. Para isso, serão analisadas duas decisões judiciais liminares proferidas por Juízes de Primeira Instância em Varas de Família no Estado de Minas Gerais e que envolvem a temática do direito de convivência de duas crianças em tenra idade com os pais no ano de 2022. A análise dos casos concretos visa indagar, a partir da análise da desigualdade de gênero, existente no contexto histórico patriarcal brasileiro, principalmente, nas esferas de poder, se tais decisões preservam ou consideram o ponto de vista da mulher nos discursos de aplicação.
DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À PROVA, COGNIÇÃO E FUNDAMENTAÇÃO PER RELATIONEM:
Authors: Cunha Maurício Ferreira
Published: December 2024

A nova ordem que se busca, no processo jurisdicional, é aquela que se assenta, fundamentalmente, no estrito respeito à principiologia constitucional democrática. A proposta aqui apresentada consiste em demonstrar, mediante adoção do modelo constitucional de processo civil, que o direito fundamental à prova somente se revela, plenamente, quando se proporciona a efetiva participação dos sujeitos processuais, na atividade cognitiva processual, dentro de um contraditório efetivo e equilibrado, apartando, assim, o protagonismo judicial e alcançando a almejada legitimidade dos provimentos. Em síntese, a contribuição desta pesquisa reside na demonstração de que a consolidação do exercício da função jurisdicional, no contexto de um Estado Democrático de Direito, apenas se dá quando há o respeito inconteste ao direito fundamental de produção probatória, possibilitando a participação em simétrica paridade (compartilhamento), legitimando o provimento final na sua inteireza. Não há, portanto, como dissociar o direito fundamental à prova do direito fundamental à ampla defesa e do contraditório, resultado do equilíbrio técnico-jurídico das partes, pois, quando da fundamentação do provimento que se quer ver legitimado, devem ser levados em consideração todos os argumentos produzidos durante o iter procedimental. Buscando aprimorar o estudo da prova, incluindo suas características e espécies, o legislador pátrio elaborou texto processual que se apresenta permeado de bons propósitos e, também, de bons argumentos, notadamente no que se refere ao destaque conferido à questão principiológica, além da concretização do dever de consulta, manifestação do contraditório substancial, que impõe ao órgão jurisdicional não sejam proferidos provimentos com lastro em questão sobre a qual as partes não tiveram a oportunidade de manifestação.
DIREITO NA ERA DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E IMPACTOS EM DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS
Authors: Peixoto Fabiano Hartmanm , Bonat Debora
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo geral analisar desenvolvimentos realizados no laboratório DR.IA_UnB, especialmente pela ótica das preocupações com impactos da tecnologia sobre direitos fundamentais. O recorte feito parte da aplicação de Inteligência Artificial (IA) no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), especialmente pela ótica do acesso à justiça substancial pelo aumento da celeridade de processamento, incremento da precisão (acurácia) nas etapas envolvidas e otimização dos recursos humanos para realização de atividades mais estratégicas ao Tribunal. O Projeto Mandamus aplica IA voltada à atuação para a razoável duração do processo, atuando no apoio e melhoria dos recursos humanos disponíveis ao Tribunal. Por fim, o artigo apresenta um referencial obtido pela pesquisa bibliográfica realizada para analisar impactos sobre a liberdade e proteção humanitária, aspectos também centrais nas discussões sobre fundamentos de robustez ao desenvolvimento de soluções de IA. As análises feitas encaminham as conclusões que os sistemas de IA desenvolvidos impactam a redução do tempo de trabalho dos profissionais do direito, podendo liberá-los para atividades estratégicas, que se justificam quando está presente o compromisso e a responsabilidade com os direitos fundamentais.
NÃO CANCELEIS PARA QUE NÃO SEJAIS CANCELADOS:
Authors: Medon Filipe
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar o fenômeno da cultura do cancelamento e o papel das plataformas de redes sociais no seu combate. Para tanto, busca-se classificar os tipos de cancelamento, analisando se existe algum tipo de proteção sob o manto da liberdade de expressão. Nessa direção, e tendo a proteção da personalidade humana como grande foco, examina-se a possível configuração de responsabilidade civil de usuários e plataformas pela prática de linchamento e cancelamento nos tribunais virtuais formados em redes sociais.
PANOPTISMO DIGITAL E PRIVACIDADE LÍMBICA:
Authors: Silva Camila Ramos Celestino , Furbino Meire
Published: December 2024

Neste artigo, discorre-se sobre a atuação das plataformas digitais, na atualidade, e como ocorrem induções comportamentais a partir da análise de dados e rastros dos usuários. O principal objetivo é demonstrar os riscos aos direitos fundamentais, especialmente, liberdade e privacidade, face à atuação das grandes plataformas digitais e a influência que exercem, seja no comportamento, seja no consumo, ou, ainda, na escolha político-partidária. Com base em leitura especializada, nacional e estrangeira, demonstra-se o desenrolar da vida, em um ambiente panóptico (foucaultiano), que transforma dados brutos (big data) em capital, monetiza informações do usuário das redes, em uma nova racionalidade, denominada governamentalidade algorítmica. Esses dados retornam ao usuário em forma de produtos e opções selecionadas e direcionadas, conforme as bolhas em que se encontram, em franca manipulação comportamental. Por meio do método descritivo, evidencia-se a necessidade de proteção aos direitos fundamentais, em face dessa desafiadora dualidade: as vantagens da tecnologia e seus aspectos que restringem direitos.
LEX DIGITALIS VS ESTADO DE DIREITO
Authors: Celeste Edoardo
Published: December 2024

O constitucionalismo digital desponta como uma nova ideologia que visa a traduzir princípios e valores do constitucionalismo contemporâneo no contexto mutante da sociedade digital. Ele informa um processo contínuo de constitucionalização que atualmente afeta não apenas a dimensão estatal, mas opera simultaneamente em múltiplos níveis. A constitucionalização do ambiente das redes sociais surge como uma das diferentes respostas que o ecossistema constitucional está a gerar para enfrentar as questões suscitadas pela revolução digital. Este artigo investiga como o Estado de Direito, um valor que emergiu no constitucionalismo estatal, pode ajudar a orientar o processo de constitucionalização do ambiente das redes sociais. Centrar-se-á em dois aspectos problemáticos que afetam atualmente as redes sociais: as normas e os mecanismos de revisão que regem a moderação de conteúdos on-line. Avaliando o nível de progresso alcançado até agora, o artigo examina até que ponto a codificação e a judicialização da "lex digitalis" são mais do que nunca cruciais para preservar os direitos fundamentais no ambiente das redes sociais.
REFLEXOS DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NAS DECISÕES JUDICIAIS
Authors: Magalhães Marcelo Cavalcanti Piragibe , Gomes Nathália Christina Caputo
Published: December 2024

A partir da constatação de posicionamentos substancialistas e procedimentalistas, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial, o presente artigo realiza uma análise do papel do magistrado no cenário contemporâneo, por meio da utilização da Justiça 4.0. Assim, busca-se, considerando a Quarta Revolução Industrial, destacar as vantagens e desvantagens da utilização de algoritmo nas decisões judiciais, situação em que merece destaque a intercessão com a LGPD. Por fim, após constatar tais situações, intenta-se destacar regulamentações desse novo cenário jurídico, por meio precipuamente de Resoluções do CNJ, a fim de se buscar segurança jurídica e isonomia, orientando o trabalho do magistrado para o uso de heurísticas, através de uma análise econômica do Direito, voltada para controle dos vieses cognitivos.
Companions' Interventions on Behalf of Patients
Authors: Ruusuvuori Johanna , Antaki Charles , Chinn Deborah
Published: December 2024

Some patients require a companion to help them answer questions from medical personnel. How the companions do so may depend, in part, on the nature of the patient’s condition. In the case of the patient with a learning disability, we find the companion tending strongly to respect the patient’s agency and entitlement to speak to their own experiences, by a) allowing the patient time to volunteer the answer to the question themselves, b) glossing inadequate answers as being a temporary failure to remember and c) constructing a no-problem answer (extending previous findings by Antaki and Chinn, 2019). In contrast, with a patient who is examined for or has a diagnosis of epilepsy or multiple sclerosis, we see the companion tending to take a more proactive and interventionist approach. We discuss our findings in the light of differences between the powers and capacities attributable to people with learning disability, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis, and the different entitlements that their companions may assume in speaking for them.
Castle Oaks Learning Portfolio: How we stand tall to end injustices and become allies to walk the path of Truth and Reconciliation
Authors:   Students in 3A, 34A, F3A, F4A, F45, F5A, F5B, Castle Oaks Public School
Published: December 2024

Students in F3A, F4A, 34A, F45, F5A and F5B at Castle Oaks Public School are learning how to stand tall and how to use their voices to advocate for equitable services and resources for Indigenous children. We are learning how we can listen, learn and honour the Truth in order to be allies and walk the path of Reconciliation. With our Reconciliation Ambearristers, we are learning how we can stand tall to end inequities and create a fair, safe and caring world for all children. We created a learning portfolio to showcase our learning thus far.
Prevention of extremism among young people
Authors: Gevorgyan Armen  Aramovich
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the problems of preventing extremism among students of general education organizations. The factors contributing to extremist manifestations among young people and measures to prevent extremism are highlighted. The research is based on an analysis of Russian legislation, the researches of domestic authors, and information obtained from open sources, including the Internet. The following methods were used in the course of the research: scientific cognition, comparison, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization and the system-structural method. The scientific novelty of the research on the prevention of extremism among young people is manifested in an integrated approach that includes both legal, social and psychological aspects. In the context of globalization and rapid technological progress, young people are often influenced by radical ideologies, which creates the need to develop effective preventive measures. The scientific novelty lies in the integration of an interdisciplinary approach and an emphasis on the active participation of young people in the process of preventing extremism, which opens up new horizons for scientific research in this field. The theoretical significance of the article lies in the systematization of existing scientific approaches to the problem of extremism and in the development of a model of preventive measures that can be used in further scientific research on this issue. The practical significance is manifested in the possibility of applying the proposed recommendations at the level of educational institutions and youth policy bodies, which contributes to the formation of a stable negative attitude towards extremism and constructive dialogue among young people.
Improved BW model based on MLP neural network optimization
Authors: CHEN Cunyu , CHEN Aixi , QI Xiaoqiu , WANG Hankui ,   School of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Published: December 2024

The nuclear mass model has significant applications in nuclear physics, astrophysics, and nuclear engineering. The accurate prediction of binding energy is crucial for studying nuclear structure, reactions, and decay. However, traditional mass models exhibit significant errors in double magic number region and heavy nuclear region. These models are difficult to effectively describe shell effect and parity effect in the nuclear structure, and also fail to capture the subtle differences observed in experimental results. This study demonstrates the powerful modeling capabilities of MLP neural networks, which optimize the parameters of the nuclear mass model, and reduce prediction errors in key regions and globally. In the neural network, neutron number, proton number, and binding energy are used as training feature values, and the mass-model coefficient is regarded as training label value. The training set is composed of the multiple sets of calculated nuclear mass model coefficients. Through extensive experiments, the optimal parameters are determined to ensure the convergence speed and stability of the model. The Adam optimizer is used to adjust the weight and bias of the network to reduce the mean squared error loss during training. Based on the AME2020 dataset, the trained neural network model with the minimum loss is used to predict the optimal coefficients of the nuclear mass model. The optimized BW2 model significantly reduces root-mean-square errors in double magic number and heavy nuclear regions. Specifically, the optimized model reduces the root-mean-square error by about 28%, 12%, and 18% near Z = 50 and N = 50; Z(N) = 50 and N = 82; Z = 82 and N = 126, respectively. In the heavy nuclear region, the error is reduced by 48%. The BW3 model combines higher-order symmetry energy terms, and after parameter optimization using the neural network, reduces the global root-mean-square error from 1.86 MeV to 1.63 MeV. This work reveals that the model with newly optimized coefficients not only exhibit significant error reduction near double magic numbers, but also shows the improvements in binding energy predictions for both neutron-rich and neutron-deficient nuclei. Furthermore, the model shows good improvements in describing parity effects, accurately capturing the differences related to parity in isotopic chains with different proton numbers. This study demonstrates the tremendous potential of MLP neural networks in optimizing the parameters of nuclear mass model and provides a novel method for optimizing parameters in more complex nuclear mass models. In addition, the proposed method is applicable to the nuclear mass models with implicit or nonlinear relationships, providing a new perspective for further developing the nuclear mass models.
Inverted encoding of neural responses to audiovisual stimuli reveals super-additive multisensory enhancement
Authors: Buhmann Zak , Robinson Amanda K , Mattingley Jason B , Rideaux Reuben
Published: December 2024

A central challenge for the brain is how to combine separate sources of information from different sensory modalities to optimally represent objects and events in the external world, such as combining someone’s speech and lip movements to better understand them in a noisy environment. At the level of individual neurons, audiovisual stimuli often elicit super-additive interactions, where the neural response is greater than the sum of auditory and visual responses. However, investigations using electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity have revealed inconsistent interactions, with studies reporting a mix of super- and sub-additive effects. A possible explanation for this inconsistency is that standard univariate analyses obscure multisensory interactions present in EEG responses by overlooking multivariate changes in activity across the scalp. To address this shortcoming, we investigated EEG responses to audiovisual stimuli using inverted encoding, a population tuning approach that uses multivariate information to characterise feature-specific neural activity. Participants (n = 41) completed a spatial localisation task for both unisensory stimuli (auditory clicks, visual flashes) and combined audiovisual stimuli (spatiotemporally congruent clicks and flashes). To assess multivariate changes in EEG activity, we used inverted encoding to recover stimulus location information from event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants localised audiovisual stimuli more accurately than unisensory stimuli alone. For univariate ERP analyses we found an additive multisensory interaction. By contrast, multivariate analyses revealed a super-additive interaction ∼180 ms following stimulus onset, such that the location of audiovisual stimuli was decoded more accurately than that predicted by maximum likelihood estimation. Our results suggest that super-additive integration of audiovisual information is reflected within multivariate patterns of activity rather than univariate evoked responses.
The Influence of User-oriented Design Research on Framing
Authors: Risnes Martha , Mellema Mirjam , Gjøvaag Terje , Mirtaheri Peyman , Berg Arild
Published: December 2024

The concept of framing has been used as a creative and constructive tool in the design process. This study provides new insights into frames and framing as a tool for understanding disciplinary differences in multidisciplinary collaborations where design research is included. With an increasing focus on patient participation in the design of health and assistive technology, the importance of considering the users' perspectives cannot be overstated. However, bridging the gap between different disciplinary practices of framing problems that incorporate user experiences and values is a challenge. A case study of the (project name)(xxxx) research project was selected to investigate the practical implications of insights on mobility from a focus group interview with lower-limb prosthetic users. A follow-up ideation workshop with an interdisciplinary group of researchers from the project xxxx was used as the starting point for exploring different disciplinary perspectives. The research contributes to the concept on framing by demonstrating how examining relevant perspectives from the literature provides valuable insights into different ways of framing in the design process.
Digital teknologi i kunst og håndverksundervisning
Authors: Elmies-Vestergren Anne
Published: December 2024

I 2017 ble det utarbeidet et rammeverk for lærerens profesjonsfaglig digitale kompetanse (PfDK) for å skape en felles forståelse av hva som ble forventet av lærere i digitale omgivelser og for å øke lærerens digitale kompetanse. I rammeverket nevnes det fire roller som læreren skal kunne variere mellom; formidler, veileder, deltaker og retningsgiver. I denne artikkelen bruker jeg a/r/tografisk metode for å se nærmere på hva disse rollene innebærer for kunst og håndverkslæreren. Bakgrunnen for undersøkelsen er en forståelse av at det oppstår utfordringer for læreren i kunst og håndverk som ikke oppstår i samme grad i andre fag. Det skyldes både dualiteten ved det digitales materialitet, fagets egenart som kreativt og skapende fag og lærerens balanse mellom å være sammen med og å stå foran elevene. Jeg ville derfor bruke de fire rollene fra rammeverket som analyseverktøy til å undersøke hva de ulike rollene betydde for et prosjekt i en første klasse, hvor digital teknologi var omdreiningspunktet. Dette gjør jeg med blikk på hva de ulike rollene satte i gang, og hvilke utfordringer de synliggjorde for kunst og håndverkslærerens rolle i digitale omgivelser.
Material utterances in feedback within practical-aesthetic school subjects
Authors: Asplund Jonas
Published: December 2024

The article presents a part of a pilot study investigating feedback within practical-aesthetic subjects in primary and secondary education. Feedback within the school context is often understood as verbal or written communication between teachers and students. The subjects referred to as practical-aesthetic largely involve skill training in relation to materials and various types of artifacts. In situated activities where materials, the body, and cultural practices interact, the content and formation of feedback need to be examined as a relational process. Using the posthumanist analytical concept of "material utterances," the article aims to make visible and discuss feedback phenomena that emerge within and through situated activities in three practical-aesthetic subjects: crafts, home and consumer studies, and art. The phenomena made visible within/through these activities are the inclusions and exclusions that are continuously made, creating dynamic feedback hybrids. It is within these feedback hybrids of materials, body, and discourse that understanding and knowledge are formed and constantly reshaped
Realisering av kjerneelementet handverksferdigheiter i kunst og handverk
Authors: Austbø Simonsen Elin , Digranes Ingvild
Published: December 2024

Gjennom rammeverket konseptuell læreplanteori frå Goodlad ser denne artikkelen på korleis handverksferdigheiter vert framstilt i den formelle læreplanen. Artikkelen ser også på arbeidet med å støtte elevane si utvikling av handverksferdigheiter i operasjonaliseringa av grunnskulefaget kunst og handverk (KH) og kjerneelementet handverksferdigheiter (HF) på 5. trinn. Empiri frå ein oppgåveperiode med arbeid i tre gjev innblikk i verkstadpraksis, medan ei analyse av Læreplan i kunst og handverk gjev innblikk i skulepolitiske intensjonar. Analysen viser at læreplanen legg få føringar for det faglege innhaldet i kjerneelementet HF. Læraren sin making knowledge, i betydninga grad av handverkskompetanse og skjønnsutøving basert på denne, trer derfor fram som avgjerande for elevane si innlæring av grunnleggjande handverksferdigheiter. Praktisk skapande arbeid vert omdreiingspunkt for den operasjonaliserte verkstadpraksisen. Det betyr at rammer som fagkompetanse, tid og spesialrom spelar ei avgjerande rolle i undervisningspraksis, og må prioriterast i grunnopplæringa dersom arbeid med målsetting om elevane si handverksmessige læring og djupnelæring i KH skal kunne gjennomførast.
Teacher competencies in job advertisements for teachers
Authors: Mankki Ville , Heikkilä Mirva , Kemppinen Lauri , Metsäpelto Riitta-Leena
Published: December 2024

Teaching requires a diverse range of competencies. This study investigates teacher competencies articulated in job advertisements for teaching positions in Finland. Given the global teacher recruitment challenges, particularly in rural schools, and the regional differentiation within Finland, the study also examines the variations across rural, semi-urban, and urban municipalities. Data were collected from a centralized recruitment website, resulting in 596 job advertisements for class teacher positions. A deductive qualitative content analysis was performed using the individual teacher competencies defined in the multidimensional adapted process model of teaching (Metsäpelto et al., 2022) as a framework. The findings highlight the prevalence of teacher competencies related to knowledge base of teaching and learning, social skills, and personal orientations. Notably, advertisements from rural municipalities featured fewer competencies compared to those from semi-urban and urban municipalities. By illustrating the desired teacher competencies in the field, this study provides a valuable tool for evaluating and developing teacher education goals and teacher recruitment strategies.
The motivation to inform others: a field experiment with wild chimpanzees
Authors: Taylor Derry , Adue Sam , M’Botella Monday , Tatone Denis , Davila-Ross Marina , Zuberbühler Klaus , Dezecache Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Background

Accumulating evidence indicates that some ape species produce more alarm behaviors to potential dangers when in the presence of uninformed conspecifics. However, since previous studies presented naturalistic stimuli, the influence of prior experience could not be controlled for.

Method

To examine this, we investigated whether apes (wild chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest, Uganda) would communicate differently about a novel danger (an unusually large spider) depending on whether they were with an uniformed conspecific. We tested nine adult males, four of which were exposed to the danger twice alone (Non-Social group), while the remaining five were exposed to the danger first alone and then in the presence of conspecifics (Social group).

Results

We found that both alarm calling and gaze marking (i.e., persistent gaze after stimulus detection) were more persistent in the Social than Non-Social group, although the effect of condition only reached statistical significance for gaze marking, nonetheless suggesting that chimpanzees tailored their warning behavior to the presence of others, even if they were already familiar with the potential threat.
Health status and morphometrics of Galápagos magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens magnificens) determined by hematology, biochemistry, blood gas, and physical examination
Authors: Guzmán Kimberly E. , Deresienski Diane , Muñoz-Pérez Juan Pablo , Passingham Ronald K. , Skehel Alice , Ulloa Catalina , Regalado Cristina , Lewbart Gregory A. , Valle Carlos A.
Published: December 2024

The magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens; MFB) is a widely distributed seabird. It has breeding areas in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean (extending along Central America up to Baja California) (Schreiber & Burger, 2001). The Fregata magnificens magnificens (MFB-Gal) subspecies is native to the Galápagos Islands. This is the first-time hematology and blood chemistry parameters have been published for the F. m. magnificens (MFB-Gal) from the Galápagos Islands. Analysis was run on blood samples drawn from n = 16 adult MFB-Gal captured by hand at their nests at North Seymour and Daphne Major Islands in the Galápagos Islands (n = 10 MFB-Gal in June 2017 and n = 6 MFB-Gal in July 2022). There were ten female birds and six male birds in total. A portable blood analyzer (iSTAT) was used to obtain near immediate field results for total carbon dioxide (TCO2), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), ionized calcium (iCa), total protein (TP), anion gap and glucose. Blood lactate was measured using a portable Lactate Plus™ analyzer. Average heart rate, respiratory rate, body weight, body temperature, biochemistry and hematology parameters were comparable to healthy individuals of other Fregatidae of the same species (magnificent frigatebird subspecies from Brazil, Fregata magnificens, likely F. m. rothschildi) or similar species (great frigatebird, Fregata minor, from the Galápagos Islands). There were some statistically significant differences between the males and females F. m. magnificens (MFB-Gal) in the Galápagos, including bill depth, bill width, wing length, weight, and chloride blood value. The reported results provide baseline data that can be used for comparisons among populations and in detecting changes in health status among Galápagos magnificent frigatebirds and other populations of magnificent frigatebirds.
Effect of Natural Extracts during Storage Conditions on Seed Quality and Yield Performance of Soybean Cultivar Giza 22
Authors: M.T. Zalama, , A.A.S. El-Azab, , A.A.A. Leilah,
Published: December 2024

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Diatomaceous Earth (DE) at 20 g/kg, Neem seed extract (NSE) at 25 g/kg, and Silica gel (SG) at 25 g/kg on seed quality, field performance, and seed yield of Giza 22 soybean seeds during various of storage durations and environmental conditions.
Study Design: Three experiments investigated storage, germinability, and field performance of seeds using a FCRD with four replicates. The seed storage trial assessed open and cool storages conditions across durations of 1, 4, 8, and 12 months, with seed treatments of DE, NSE, and SG. Germinability and field performance were evaluated under the same storage conditions and treatments. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P = 0.05.
Place and Duration of Study: The storage and germination trials were conducted at the preservation labs of the Seed Technology Research Unit, Mansoura City, FCRI, ARC, Egypt. While, the field experiment took place on a private farm in the village at geoical location 30°53'39"N 31°20'51"E.
Methodology: The seeds were tested under open storage at ambient room conditions and cool storage at 5°C and 30% RH, and storage periods at four levels with two months interval.
Results: Isolated data clarify applying cool storage or seed treatments (DE, NSE, and SG) over all storage periods significantly (P = 0.05) exceed open storage or the untreated control seeds, respectively. Cool storage combined with DE, NSE, and SG seed treatments significantly yielded the highest stored seed quality indices, field performance and seed yield compared to the untreated control seeds stored at open or cool storage conditions.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that, the application of diatomaceous earth, neem seed extract, and silica gel on soybean seeds during storage has been shown to provide several benefits i.e., extend seed storability, reduce insect damage, improve seed germination and seedling vigor, and increasing seed yield.
Integrating ICT for Enhanced Maize Market Access: A Business Model for Storage and e-Marketing in Char Land
Authors: Majid Md. Abdul , Rahman M. Wakilur , Mamun Md. Al , Palash Md. Salauddin
Published: December 2024

Aims: This paper puts forth the idea of MaizeConnect—a business model centred on information and communication technology (ICT) to improve a lot of rural maize farmers in Bangladesh when it comes to accessing markets.
Methodology: The research was conducted in the char areas of Jamalpur District, where the Making Markets Work for the Chars (M4C) project is being implemented. The research undertakes a mixed-methods approach of desk reviews, stakeholder consultations, and SWOT analysis to understand the model's viability and impact. A situation analysis was conducted in the selected research sites to understand the current marketing practices, identify gaps, and determine the specific needs of marginal farmers.
Results: An innovative e-marketing model has been developed for ensuring better access to smallholders in Bangladesh. This model not only seeks to give farmers direct access to buyers but also aims to tackle the problem of postharvest maize losses. The rural farmers are mostly poor, producing maize on a small scale. They don't have much power to negotiate, which makes their situation look pretty grim. MaizeConnect focuses on transforming the maize sector by providing easy-to-use technology, with three main benefits: price stabilization, market connectivity, and payment system inclusion. The model relies on collaboration between government, NGOs, and the private sector, with continuous support essential for sustained impact.
Conclusion: There is a unique opportunity to transform the rural agricultural landscape in Bangladesh through ICT integration in the maize value chain—specifically in improving market access and storage solutions. The MaizeConnect model can overcome key challenges including post-harvest losses, market inefficiencies, and the integration of smallholder farmers into a more profitable value chain.
Investigating Rainfall Patterns in South Singhbhum: A Non-parametric Approach Utilizing Mann-Kendall Tests and Sen's Slope Estimator
Authors: Mohanta Jyotirmayee , Pathy Ashis Chandra
Published: December 2024

Aims: The South Singhbhum region is a physical region that experiences monsoon climate and frequent tropical cyclones and has global importance because of its abundant mineral resources like iron, manganese and its mining activities. The agricultural practices mainly depend on rainfall as it is a hilly area. For that reason, sustainable management is necessary to fulfill ecological, industrial, and community water requirements. So, the investigation carried out in this study focuses on the analysis of rainfall patterns within the South Singhbhum region by utilizing non-parametric statistical methodologies with the objective of identifying any discernible trends and variations that have occurred over time.
Place and Duration of Study: South Singhbhum region of Odisha is extended between latitude  to  and longitude  to . The area spread over  on 45 blocks of Eight district in Odisha, India. The duration of time extended from 2008 to 2022.
Methodology: The Mann-Kendall (MK) test is utilized to effectively detect the presence of monotonic trends within both the annual and seasonal rainfall datasets. Furthermore, the sequential Mann-Kendall (S-MK) test is employed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the temporal progression of these identified trends. The Sen's slope estimator is applied to accurately quantify the magnitude of the observed changes in rainfall patterns.
Results: The annual study shows a steady declining trend from 2008 to 2021, with a Sen's Slope of 2.0376 and a Z value of 1.0949. However, March is the only month with a positive trend, as seen by its Sen's Slope of 3.0328 and Z value of 1.9708. There are significant variances in Sen's Slope values, which show disparities in the amount of changes, even if negative trends are common. The steepest negative slope is in July (-3.554), and the highest slope is in August (8.981). The S-MK Test was used to determine the start time of the South Singhbhum Region's annual rainfall time series, which revealed statistically declining patterns. It has been observed that the area's rainfall tendency varies frequently. In 2009, 2011, 2017, and 2019, the lines in the u(t) and u'(t) graphs intersect. The rainfall series experienced a reduction from 2008 to 2009, a rise from 2009 to 2011, a decrease from 2011 to 2017, another increase from 2017 to 2019, and a decline starting in 2019.
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the South Singhbhum Region's rainfall patterns are trending negatively, which makes it clear that quick implementation of comprehensive water resource management methods is necessary to support sustainable development initiatives in the near future.
Influence of Fertigation Levels and Drip Irrigation on Yield and Quality of Summer Watermelon under with Mulch and without Mulch Conditions
Authors: Bathula Rani , Devi Uma , Madhavi  , Kumar Avil , Akula Baby , Triveni
Published: December 2024

A field trial was carried out during summer season at Water Technology Center fields, College Farm, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana to study the individual and combined effect of fertigation levels, mulch and drip irrigation levels on performance of watermelon for two consecutive years 2020-21 & 2021-22. The experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations of three fertigation levels (F75, F100 & F125) & two drip irrigation levels (I0.8 & I1.0) imposed under factorial combination of with mulch (M1) and no mulch (M0). Among the fertigation levels, The F125 has recorded the highest fresh fruit yield (48.52 t ha-1), TSS (11.55 %) and lycopene content (0.68 mg 100 g-1 of sample) over F100 & F75 in the pooled data. Mulch has shown significant influence on fresh fruit yield and quality of watermelon. The M1 has registered higher fresh fruit yield (59.04 t ha-1), TSS (12.10 %) and lycopene content (0.76 mg 100 g-1 of sample) as compared to non-mulching treatment. On another hand drip irrigation levels did not shows significant effect on yield and quality of the watermelon during both the year (2020-21 and 2021-22).
Psychosocial Impacts of COVID-19 and 2014-16 Ebola Virus Disease Outbreaks on Australian - based West Africans: A Narrative Summary of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Mandoh Sulaiman L , Bwititi Phillip T , Nwose Ezekiel U
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in widespread infection control and prevention interventions. These interventions did not only disrupt normal life activities but caused emotional and psychosocial pain, which lead to anxiety, fear of infection, stress, and distress, among others.
Methods: This followed the narrative approach of traditional literature review method. Two systematic reviews had been done using the PRISMA-ScR design. In this narrative, a summary of the findings from the two systematic reviews of literature are provided.
Result: The literature review identified an array of psychosocial health problems, which includes stress, fear, anxiety, and depression. This review indicates the paucity of information of the phenomenon interest.
Conclusion: Infectious diseases outbreaks such as the 2014-16 West African EVD epidemic and the recently concluded COVID-19 pandemic have resulted to widespread negative psychosocial pain.
An Evaluation of the Systemic Impact and Clinical Efficacy of Sequential Vincristine Sulfate Versus Doxorubicin in the Post-operative Management of Canine Mammary Tumours (CMT)
Authors: Dewangan Rukmani , Punchkande Nutan , Sharda Raju , Kumar Ishant
Published: December 2024

The present study was conducted to evaluate the systemic impact and clinical efficacy of sequential vincristine sulfate compared to doxorubicin in the post-operative management of Canine Mammary Tumours (CMT) on 18 clinical cases of mammary tumour of various breed, irrespective of their age, sex and divided into three groups consisting of 6 animals in each. Group Surgery was treated with surgical removal of tumouronly while animals of Group Surg Dox and Group Surg Vin were treated with surgical excision followed by administration of Doxorubicin (30mg/m2) BSA and Vincristine sulfate (0.025 mg/kg) intravenously along with DNS at 7th and 14th post-operative days respectively. The haemato-biochemical parameters and wound evaluation were done at different time intervals. Systemic impact on haematological and biochemical parameters were briefly altered and chemotherapeutic medications does not induce any adverse reactions or detrimental effects on vital organs, but these changes remained within the normal physiological range. Doxorubicin and vincristine sulfate therapy showed minimum to no reoccurrence of tumour with few adverse reactions such as inappetance, vomition, anaemia and alopecia. However, these conditions were managed by supportive therapy. Therefore, it could be concluded that sequential vincristine therapy is best for the post-operative management of canine mammary tumours as it effectively regressed the tumour without relapse.
Spanish Neurohistology: Maturity and Evolution of a Research School
Authors: Baratas‐Díaz Alfredo
Published: August 2019

During the early 20th century, a neurobiological research school combining diverse scientific approaches (basic neurohistology, anatomical pathology, neurology, and psychiatry) emerged around the figure of Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934). In the 1920s, a new building was erected and it was to become the major Spanish neurobiological research center. It was an oversized project that, unfortunately, did not facilitate the definitive consolidation of a Spanish neurohistological school. Later, the Civil War and the early years of Franco's dictatorship brought about the slow decline of this research group. Anat Rec, 303:1242–1251, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy