bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment seeking behaviours, antibiotic use and relationships to multi-drug resistance: A study of urinary tract infection patients in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Sado Keina , Keenan Katherine , Manataki Areti , Kesby Mike , Mushi Martha F. , Mshana Stephen E. , Mwanga Joseph R. , Neema Stella , Asiimwe Benon , Bazira Joel , Kiiru John , Green Dominique L. , Ke Xuejia , Maldonado-Barragán Antonio , Abed Al Ahad Mary , Fredricks Kathryn J. , Gillespie Stephen H. , Sabiiti Wilber , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Kibiki Gibson , Aanensen David , Smith V. Anne , Sandeman Alison , Sloan Derek J. , Holden Matthew T. G. ,   on behalf of HATUA Consortium
Published: February 2024

Antibacterial resistance (ABR) is a major public health threat. An important accelerating factor is treatment-seeking behaviour, including inappropriate antibiotic (AB) use. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) this includes taking ABs with and without prescription sourced from various providers, including health facilities and community drug sellers. However, investigations of complex treatment-seeking, AB use and drug resistance in LMICs are scarce. The Holistic Approach to Unravel Antibacterial Resistance in East Africa (HATUA) Consortium collected questionnaire and microbiological data from adult outpatients with urinary tract infection (UTI)-like symptoms presenting at healthcare facilities in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Using data from 6,388 patients, we analysed patterns of self-reported treatment seeking behaviours (‘patient pathways’) using process mining and single-channel sequence analysis. Among those with microbiologically confirmed UTI (n = 1,946), we used logistic regression to assess the relationship between treatment seeking behaviour, AB use, and the likelihood of having a multi-drug resistant (MDR) UTI. The most common treatment pathway for UTI-like symptoms in this sample involved attending health facilities, rather than other providers like drug sellers. Patients from sites in Tanzania and Uganda, where over 50% of patients had an MDR UTI, were more likely to report treatment failures, and have repeat visits to providers than those from Kenyan sites, where MDR UTI proportions were lower (33%). There was no strong or consistent relationship between individual AB use and likelihood of MDR UTI, after accounting for country context. The results highlight the hurdles East African patients face in accessing effective UTI care. These challenges are exacerbated by high rates of MDR UTI, suggesting a vicious cycle of failed treatment attempts and sustained selection for drug resistance. Whilst individual AB use may contribute to the risk of MDR UTI, our data show that factors related to context are stronger drivers of variations in ABR.
Challenges and opportunities for improving mental health care and preventing suicide among people living with HIV: Perspectives of mental health professionals in Tanzania
Authors: Knippler Elizabeth T. , Martinez Alyssa J. , Amiri Ismail , Madundo Kim , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Goldston David B. , Relf Michael V. , Knettel Brandon A.
Published: February 2024

People living with HIV (PLWH) experience unique stressors that contribute to emotional distress, and PLWH are more than twice as likely to die by suicide when compared to the general population. In countries like Tanzania, there is a relatively high burden of HIV but few resources to support mental health needs. To gain a better understanding of mental health challenges experienced by PLWH in northern Tanzania and identify opportunities for intervention, we interviewed 12 mental health professionals working in the Kilimanjaro region. Thematic analysis was used to explore drivers and impacts of emotional distress, community influences on mental health, and gaps and barriers to existing mental health care. Perspectives from mental health workers highlight the compounding effects of stress related to HIV status, family conflict, finances, and other social challenges, which can lead to poor HIV treatment outcomes and suicidal ideation. Cultural beliefs and stigma surrounding both mental health and HIV limit care-seeking behavior for mental health issues. Those who do seek care often encounter barriers related to poor mental health infrastructure, including a lack of providers, limited financial resources, and little integration into other health services. There is a clear need for investment in the mental health care system, as well as interventions to improve knowledge and perceptions of mental health and comprehensively address stressors. We describe feedback on a proposed telehealth counseling intervention integrated into routine HIV services, which shows strong potential to mitigate barriers to mental health treatment, reduce suicidal ideation, and support the wellbeing of PLWH.
Stunting in the first year of life: Pathway analysis of a birth cohort
Authors: Mwangome Martha , Ngari Moses , Brals Daniella , Bawhere Paluku , Kabore Patrick , McGrath Marie , Berkley James A.
Published: February 2024

Malnutrition among infants aged below 6 months has been largely overlooked creating gaps in our understanding of factors underlying stunting in early infancy. Recent evidence suggests that pre-natal and early childhood factors may contribute more to driving childhood stunting than previously appreciated. The study was set up to examine pathways including parental and household characteristics, birth size and gestation, and illness in infancy with stunting at birth and months 3, 6 and 12 using an a priori hypothesized framework. It was a secondary analysis of a birth cohort of 1017 infants recruited from four health facilities in Burkina Faso and followed up for one year. Structural equation models (SEM) were generated to explore pathways to stunting at birth and months 3, 6 and 12. The prevalence of being stunted at birth and months 3, 6 and 12 was 7.4%, 23%, 20% and 18% respectively. The fractions of month 12 stunting attributable to being stunted at birth, months 3 and 6 were 11% (95%CI 5.0‒16%), 32% (95%CI 22‒41%) and 40% (95%CI 31‒49%) respectively. In the structural equation model, male sex and maternal characteristics had direct effects on stunting at birth and at 3 months, but not subsequently. Premature birth, twin birth and being stunted at a previous time point were directly associated with stunting at months 3, 6 and 12. Both maternal and paternal characteristics were directly associated with preterm birth. Non-exclusive breastfeeding had borderline positive direct effect on stunting at month 6 but not at month 12. The direct and indirect pathways identified in this study highlight the complex interlinks between child, maternal, paternal and household characteristics. Interventions tackling preterm birth, in utero growth, exclusive breastfeeding and maternal wellbeing may reduce stunting in the first year of life.
Is rest-activity rhythm prospectively associated with all-cause mortality in older people regardless of sleep and physical activity level? The ‘Como Vai?’ Cohort study
Authors: Wendt Andrea , Bielemann Renata Moraes , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Ricardo Luiza I. C. , Müller Werner de Andrade , Machado Adriana Kramer Fiala , da Cruz Maurício Feijó , Bertoldi Andréa D. , Brage Soren , Ekelund Ulf , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , Crochemore-Silva Inácio
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study aims to test the association of rest-activity rhythm (intradaily variability and interdaily stability) with all-cause mortality in an older adult cohort in Brazil. It also assesses whether the amount of time spent at each intensity level (i.e., physical activity and nocturnal sleep) interferes with this association.

Methods

This cohort study started in 2014 with older adults (≥60 years). We investigated deaths from all causes that occurred until April 2017. Rest-activity rhythm variables were obtained using accelerometry at baseline. Intradaily variability indicates higher rhythm fragmentation, while interdaily stability indicates higher rhythm stability. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to test the associations controlling for confounders.

Results

Among the 1451 older adults interviewed in 2014, 965 presented valid accelerometry data. During the follow-up period, 80 individuals died. After adjusting the analysis for sociodemographic, smoking, morbidity score, and number of medicines, an increase of one standard deviation in interdaily stability decreased 26% the risk of death. The adjustment for total sleep time and inactivity did not change this association. On the other hand, the association was no longer significant after adjusting for overall physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity.

Conclusion

Rest-activity rhythm pattern was not associated with mortality when physical activity was considered, possibly because this pattern could be driven by regular exercise. Promoting physical activity remains a relevant strategy to improve population health.
Time and space in Brechó de Troca: Reflections on the method of a clothing exchange group in Brazil
Authors: Soares Helena de Barros , Hennigen Inês
Published: February 2024

This article analyses the creation of a group time-space and its effects based on a master’s thesis research that analysed some processes in a second-hand exchange group called Brechó de Troca. This group is a space for interaction, whose meetings promote the exchange of clothes and accessories. It was founded in Porto Alegre (south of Brazil) in 2009, with a distinct method aiming to produce subjectivity by exchanging clothes in a way that considers their stories. For this research, we assembled materials that paved the way to such results, analysing the mode of production of subjectivity through the dressing practices in the group. We could observe that the invention of another time, which suspends the eagerness for consumption, potentiates modes of subjectivation through the practices of dressing. This article also highlights the fact that access to consumption is not equalitarian in Global South capitalism. This can be seen in a social phenomenon called ‘rolezinhos’, which took place in Brazil in 2014 and illustrated the contrast between the purchasing power of the lower and upper classes. We believe that the invention of the limbo, name given to the time-space created in the group, works as a trigger of processes, which suspends and enables exercises of the self through clothing in the group meetings. The exchanges gain potency and various stories after going through the Brechó de Troca.
Artisanal collaborations in the Mexican fashion industry: The case of Otomí embroiderers and Carla Fernández
Authors: Mondragón-Toledo Brenda
Published: February 2024

The present article aims to demonstrate the intersected relations between Indigenous communities and designers in the fashion industry. These interrelations are explained through a case study between Dotnit, an Otomí embroidery cooperative, and the Mexican designer Carla Fernández. An extensive multi-sited ethnography was carried out between 2013 and 2017 in Tenango de Doria, Hidalgo, and Mexico City. Both places were explored with the purpose of understanding the complex relationships between the local and the global through the introduction of tenango embroidery into the fashion world. This research aims to understand the consumption of Indigenous textiles in a glocalized world by following the paths of diversion that tenango embroidery navigates through artisans, designers and consumers. Through the article, interrelationships among different agents will be examined in an effort to understand the complexities within artisan–designer dynamics.
¡Moda Hoy! Latin American and Latinx Fashion Design Today: An interview with Tanya Melendez-Escalante and Melissa Marra-Alvarez
Authors: Vázquez-López Raúl J.
Published: February 2024

The Museum at FIT (MFIT) in New York City hosted the fashion exhibit ¡Moda Hoy! Latin American and Latinx Fashion Design Today from 31 May to 5 November 2023. The exhibit included over sixty objects from the museum’s permanent collection representing designers from several Latin American countries and the diaspora including Brenda Equihua (United States), Bárbara Sánchez-Kane (Mexico) and Willy Chavarria (United States). An edited volume published by Bloomsbury complemented the show and expands on topics such as identity, popular culture, sustainability and gender. In this interview co-curators Tanya Melendez-Escalante and Melissa Marra-Alvarez share details of the exhibit planning process.
First report on the molecular detection and genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale in healthy dairy cattle in Khon Kaen province, Thailand
Authors: Arjentinia I Putu Gede Yudhi , Keomoungkhoun Bamphen , Thamrongyoswittayakul Chaiyapas , Sangmaneedet Somboon , Taweenan Weerapol
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim: Bovine anaplasmosis (BA) is one of the most important diseases of ruminants worldwide, causing significant economic losses in the livestock industry due to the high morbidity and mortality in susceptible cattle herds. Anaplasma marginale is the main causative agent of BA occurring worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to investigate the first molecular detection and genetic diversity of A. marginale in dairy cattle in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 385 lactating cows from 40 dairy farms in five districts of Khon Kaen, regardless of age and health status. To detect A. marginale, all DNA preparations were used for molecular diagnosis using a single polymerase chain reaction with the msp4 gene target. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from the msp4 gene sequences using molecular genetic characterization. Genetic diversity was calculated as haplotype diversity, haplotype number, number of nucleotide differences, nucleotide diversity, and average number of nucleotide differences.

Results: The overall prevalence of A. marginale was 12.72% (49/385). The highest prevalence (17.19%) was found in Ubolratana district, followed by Muang, Kranuan, Khao Suan Kwang, and Nam Phong districts (14.94%, 14.74%, 13.79%, and 3.70%, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis showed that A. marginale was closely related to isolates from Australia (98.96%), China (99.68%), Spain (99.74%), and the USA (99.63%).

Conclusion: The molecular prevalence of BA in dairy cattle is the first to be observed in this area, and the genetic variability with separated clusters shown in the msp4 gene of A. marginale revealed species variation in dairy cattle. This significant genetic diversity contributes to the understanding of the diversity of A. marginale and will be important for the control and prevention of A. marginale in dairy cattle.

Keywords: Anaplasma marginale, bovine anaplasmosis, dairy cattle, molecular prevalence.
A vállalati versenyképesség vizsgálata a gátló tényezők tükrében
Authors: Almási Anikó , Szanyi-Gyenes Xénia
Published: February 2024

A tanulmány célja a hazai vállalatok sikerességének vizsgálata, a versenyképességet csökkentő gátló tényezők aspektusából. A hazai vállalatok versenyképességének mélyebb megértésére koncentrálva a sikerességüket gátló belső tényezőket igyekeztek beazonosítani a szerzők. Az elemzések reprezentatív mintán készültek, így az eredmények megalapozottnak tekinthetők. A versenyképességet gátló tényezőket több dimenzió mentén is vizsgálták, és jól látszik, hogy e tényezők a vállalat mindennapi működésére is hatással vannak. Megállapították, hogy minél innovatívabb, kockázatvállalóbb és tudásmegosztásban aktívabb a vállalat, annál kevésbé érintett a gátló tényezők hatásában. A nemzetköziesedés aspektusából tekintve, minden szempontból jobb eredményeket hoztak azok a vállalatok, amelyek exportálnak vagy nemzetközi piacon jelen vannak. A sikeresebb vállalatok folyamatosan új stratégiai kezdeményezésekkel, rugalmas alkalmazkodással biztosítják a folyamatos és tartós versenyelőnyüket.
Transitioning from National Examinations to Computer-Based National Assessments: Teachers'-Students' Perceptions and the Impact on Islamic Education
Authors: Noptario  , M Hulkin  , Bin Nordin Ts. Saiful Nazri
Published: February 2024

This study delves into the shift from the traditional National Examination (NE) to the computer-Based National Assessment (CBNA) in Indonesia, focusing on the intricate implications for Islamic education. This study aims to explore the perceptions of teachers and students regarding the elimination of NE and the implementation of ANBK as a national standard. The research method used was qualitative, with interviews with principals, teachers, and students as the primary informants. While recognizing the benefits, the study highlights significant challenges, particularly alignment with Islamic values, infrastructure limitations, and concerns in remote regions. The findings, drawn from the experience of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ogan Ilir, serve as a microcosm of broader challenges, offering valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders. The implications are extensive and multifaceted and require a balanced approach that preserves the unique identity of Islamic education. The study acknowledges limitations, including potential bias in participant sampling and regional focus, and recommends further research to provide a more comprehensive view. Collaboration and dialogue are vital for a successful transition that aligns with Islamic education's traditions and principles.
Expectation-practice discrepancies: a transcultural exploration of Chinese students’ oral discourse socialization in German academia
Authors: Long Yao
Published: February 2024

Analysis of German-based studies reveals a common interpretation of Chinese students’ adaptation to German academia, depicting them as learners with limited participation and critical thinking capacities. This perception stems from the perceived contrast between Confucian values, which emphasize social power distance and collectivism, and German academic expectations that prioritize values such as critical thinking and direct communication of personal perspectives. To challenge these assumptions, this study employs a transcultural analysis that explores quantitatively and qualitatively the oral discourse socialization of Chinese students in German universities. By applying Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, the research reinforces the presence of cross-cultural disparities in Oral Academic Presentation (OAP)-related expectations between China and Germany. Furthermore, by centering the voices of this student cohort and their transcultural perspective, the study presents a novel insight into their silent participatory approach and critical thinking mode, thereby challenging the prevailing generalized assumptions within German academia. This study underscores the necessity of moving beyond binary dichotomies that may inadvertently overlook the diversity of interpretations. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of academic staff recognizing and legitimizing the diversity of students from the same culture and adjusting their teaching practices to address their evolving needs and interests in multicultural classroom settings.
Aquaporin-8 promotes human dermal fibroblasts to counteract hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage: A novel target for management of skin aging
Authors: Liu Shu-Hsiang , Lin Wei-Chun , Liao En-Chih , Lin Yung-Feng , Wang Ching-Shuen , Lee Sheng-Yang , Pei Dee , Hsu Chun-Hsien
Published: February 2024

The skin is subjected to various external factors that contribute to aging including oxidative stress from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This study investigated the distribution of aquaporin-8 (AQP8), a protein that transports H2O2 across biological membranes, in skin cells, and its effects in mitigating H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Human dermal fibroblasts were treated with increasing concentrations of H2O2 to evaluate oxidative damage. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the expression of specific genes associated with skin aging (IL-10, FPR2, COL1A1, KRT19, and Aggrecan) were evaluated and AQP8 expression was assessed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Small-interfering RNA was used to silence the AQP8 gene and evaluate its significance. The results show that H2O2 treatment reduces cell viability and increases ROS generation, leading to oxidative damage that affects the expression of target molecules. Interestingly, H2O2-treated cells exhibit high levels of AQP8 expression and gene silencing of AQP8 reverses high levels of ROS and low levels of COL1A1, KRT19, and Aggrecan expression in stressed cells, indicating that AQP8 plays a vital role in preventing oxidative damage and consequent aging. In conclusion, AQP8 is upregulated in human dermal fibroblasts during H2O2-induced oxidative stress and may help prevent oxidative damage and aging. These findings suggest that AQP8 could be a potential therapeutic target for skin aging. Further research is necessary to explore the feasibility of using AQP8 as a preventive or therapeutic strategy for maintaining skin health.
A new method to estimate the partition of corrosion inhibitors
Authors: Hernández Zarate Kenia A. , Guzmán Castañeda Jesús I. , Cosmes López Liliana J. , Hallen-López José M. , Cabrera-Sierra Roman
Published: February 2024

The partitioning coefficient of the R12Na corrosion inhibitor is determined by relating its concentration in the water phase (CW) to the expected theoretical concentration (Ci,T) due to a re-concentration phenomenon after the mixing stage. Partition experiments were performed by varying the water cut in brine-kerosene mixtures, temperature, and the inhibitor concentration using NACE 1D182 brine as a water phase and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The partition results varied from 37.81 to 43.75 %, 36.68 to 61.23 %, and 40.29 to 56.47 % at 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C, respectively, indicating that R12Na is a water soluble inhibitor and dispersible in the organic phase. Likewise, the partition results varied from 41.69 to 44.04 % in the presence of 20, 50, and 100 mg L−1of the inhibitor, using a ratio of 80–20 vol% WP–OP and 60 °C. Furthermore, making the same considerations, the partition of different corrosion inhibitors reported in the literature was evaluated, supporting its determination, the latter is of great importance for dosing corrosion inhibitors in the oilfield industry.
Nominalizations and its grammaticalization in standard Thai
Authors: Li Aliang
Published: February 2024

The focus of this study is on the function and grammaticalization of nominalizations in Thai and the nominalization categories and nominalizing strategies in Thai are described. The Thai language exhibits a composite of derivational and clausal nominalizations marked with three nominalizers:kaan1derives nouns or nominalized clauses from lexical verbs and relative or complement clauses;khwaam1derives nouns from lexical verbs and adjectives; andkaan1thii3is used for clauses. The current study posits diachronic developments for nominalizers and addresses related issues. It is concluded that nominalizerskaan1andkhwaam1were originally lexical nouns meaning ‘work’ and ‘matter’. The essential features of the use of nominalizations have remained constant, but certain developments have occurred, which include lexical nominalization to clausal nominalization and the emergence of a new nominalizer,kaan1thii3. It is found that nominalizerskaan1,khwaam1andkaan1thii3are basically in complementary distribution, and language internal evolution and external contact are the primary motivations for nominalization in Thai.
Constructicon in progress
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas
Published: February 2024

Over the last forty years, Construction Grammar has emerged as the leading syntactic theory in cognitive linguistics. Usage-based versions of Construction Grammar have successfully been used to explain language acquisition, change, and variation. How the theory can be applied in foreign language teaching, however, has only recently attracted scholarly attention (De Knop and Gilquin 2016; Boas 2022). As part of this enterprise, the Constructionist Approach to Syntactic Analysis (CASA; Herbst and Hoffmann 2018, 2024) offers a new model that enables language teachers and students to analyse the most complex naturally occurring sentences. In the present paper, I will provide a short introduction to the CASA model. In addition to this, I will illustrate how this approach not only allows for a descriptive analysis of sentences, but how it offers teachers and students important theoretic insights into the cognitive nature of language.
“I’m gonna get totally and utterly X-ed.” Constructing drunkenness
Authors: Sanchez-Stockhammer Christina , Uhrig Peter
Published: February 2024

The English language is famous for its large number of drunkonyms, i.e. words that can be used to refer to the state of drunkenness – fromblindandhammeredtopissed,smashedandwasted. Various lists of words have been compiled in the past (e.g. Levine 1981). However, most of the terms seem to be relatively infrequent, and they also appear to fall out of use relatively quickly. In view of Michael McIntyre’s (2009) claim that it is possible to use any word to mean ‘drunk’ in English, this contribution therefore approaches the issue from a constructionist perspective. In a corpus-based study, we tested whether it is possible to model the expression of drunkenness in English as a more or less schematic (set of) construction(s). Our study shows that while corpus evidence for truly creative uses is scarce, we can nonetheless identify constructional and collostructional properties shared by certain patterns that are used to express drunkenness in English. For instance, the patternbe/get+ ADV + drunkonym is strongly associated with premodifying (and often strongly intensifying) adverbs such ascompletely,totallyandabsolutely. A manual analysis of a large wordlist of English drunkonyms reveals further interesting patterns that can be modelled constructionally.
Da catástrofe das emergências humanitárias à melancolização
Authors: HENSCHEL DE LIMA CLÁUDIA
Published: February 2024

This article is a theoretical study arising from the umbrella research project, Psychoanalytic Investigation of Clinical Phenomena in Depression in the Context of COVID-19, by the Laboratory for the Investigation of Contemporary Psychopathologies (UFF. Volta Redonda Campus), in an inter-institutional partnership with the Graduate Program in Psychology at UFRJ. The aim of the research is to demarcate and define the effects of the contemporary mutation of the social bond on subjectivity, based on the recognition that humanitarian/sanitary emergencies are catastrophic for subjective functioning. In this paper, we will present the Freudian démarche that led us to recognize melancholization as the main impact of humanitarian/sanitary emergencies on subjective functioning. The paper recalls the use of the term catastrophe and its epistemological status within the framework of psychoanalysis. This term is fundamental to our research hypothesis: humanitarian/sanitary emergencies are a catastrophe because they produce the civilizational ruin of guarantees for the affected population and the suspension of the functioning of subjective defences and sublimatory strategies for dealing with the condition of helplessness. By considering humanitarian/sanitary emergencies as a catastrophe, the paper highlights, in the line of argument developed by Sigmund Freud, the emergence of the affect of despondency or melancholization as pathos in dark times of humanitarian/sanitary emergencies.
Implicaciones económicas de la inestabilidad laboral: Un estudio de caso sobre el interinazgo en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez Soto Maritza , Solís Bastos Laura
Published: February 2024

This article addresses, through the stories of the population hired on an interimbasis at the National University of Costa Rica, the economic implicationsthat are the result of this working condition; such as: constant delays in theappointment and delays in the deposit of the salary, which have an impact onthe payment of the monthly family expenses, report of rates in the pensionsystem, count of the working time served; among others.The economic implications of interinazgo are reflected in the family and personalenvironment; reason why survival strategies are used to face economiccommitments. While in the workplace it affects the ability to focus on the task for which they have been hired, due to their constant economic concerns, and instability associated with the interinazgo, while much of their energy, time and attention is invested in the economic survival The words of the interviewed population show feelings of fear in the face of labor and economic instability that limits the plans to the future and therefore the concretion of these; Therefore, institutional policy and university bodies must develop mechanisms that favor the working conditions of this population.
Desarrollo de la investigación científica mediante el Trabajo Final de Graduación en tres titulaciones de grado de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional
Authors: Araya Muñoz Isabel , Majano Benavides Jilma
Published: February 2024

This study was designed to determine the scope and incidence of the new scientific knowledge generated by the Final Graduation Projects researchprocess, carried out by students as a final graduation requirement for obtaining the bachelor’s degree in the major under study: Office Administration, Business Education at the School of Professional Secretarial and Administration with emphasis on Financial Management and Human Resources Management at the Administration Unit. We analyze in depth the characteristics of all the final graduation of project the three majors during the period 2014 to 2019. This qualitative research in the database to make an account of the final graduation project characteristics. The sample is intentional and at the convenience of the researchers to generate inputs for the investigation project: Principles and conditions of scientific analysis, technological and innovation development in the teaching-learning processes in subjects of three bachelor’s degrees in Social Sciences. A documentary review is made to each document, and with it, the main data to produce the data analysis. An interrelationship is made between the research topics, the methodological design, the construction of the theoretical framework, the issuance of information analysis, conclusions, and recommendations to finally make the proposal or alternative solution. This type of study strengthens the articulation between the different major of the social sciences because it allows to explore, recognize, quantify, and qualify the contribution of generating scientific knowledge of students through their final graduation report. It shows that it is necessary to continue innovating in research topics that respond to the organizational environment, it is imperative the articulated integration among different disciplines of the social sciences, and to give continuity to the proposals that suggest monitoring the execution and quality management of these proposals.
Avances y desafíos del Sistema Multilateral del Comercio en materia de Comercio Electrónico
Authors: Fonseca Arguello Hugo , Mora Vega Roy , Bermúdez Monge Derick
Published: February 2024

When talking about electronic commerce, it is important to emphasize on how the use of the internet has become part of our daily culture and a necessityfor today’s societies, thus generating development in economies around the world and serving as a means of rapprochement between companies andconsumers that, although performed remotely, does not neglect closeness to the customer, creating comfort and access to a greater quantity of goods andservices. With its extensive growth and diversification, we find ourselves with the question of whether as member countries of the World Trade Organization(WTO), we can promote a flow of electronic commerce and its constant evolution, being one of the main tasks in which this organization can create or promote a legal framework where the access to this commercial channel allows equitable accessibility to more goods and services. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for this issue to be considered a priority and, despite the challenges it entails, as nations of the world we should enter into negotiations so electronic commerce and its benefits are not diminished by a framework that does not suit its characteristics, but rather tries to adapt to the versatility and evolution of new technologies.
Identificación de Aparentes Manifestaciones Sónicas y Lumínicas del Tipo: Luces de Terremoto o “Earthquake Lights” (EQLs) en Algunas Narrativas, como una Fuente Alternativa de Posible Evidencia sobre Actividad Tectónica Histórica en Costa Rica
Authors: Sanabria Coto Iván Josué , Bonilla Hidalgo Maureen
Published: February 2024

In this study, 13 narratives depicting manifestations, specifically sonic, light, and mixed occurrences, in specific geographic sectors of Costa Rica are analyzed. The purpose is to highlight the importance of reports, stories, and legends as alternative or indirect means of documenting potential seismic/tectonic activity. The analysis commences with the identification, compilation, and classification of these narratives. Additionally, consideration is given to the contextual factors, including geographic, geological, and seismic/tectonic elements associated with each narrative. This process is followed by a comparison with the most important aspects described in the international scientific literature concerning sonic and earthquake lights or EQLs. In conclusion, an evident correlation of the narratives among themselves is inferred, and with cases documented and investigated worldwide, besides a geospatial connection of their geographic, geological, and seismic/tectonic contexts, suggesting the possibility of being part of alternative or indirect evidence of historical tectonic activity in Costa Rica.
Los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos en las jurisdicciones centroamericanas: Pautas y principios interpretativos para la Convención Internacional de Trabajadores Migrantes y sus Familiares
Authors: Chacón Mata Alfonso
Published: February 2024

As part of the Institute for Latin American Studies (IDELA) project on Current Migration Trends in Latin America, an analysis of the regional regulations on human rights is conducted in this paper in order to highlight efforts for an interpretative harmonization, and to ulteriorly study the possibilities of building regional regulations. The scope of the international human rights law is reviewed, since the international treaties protecting such rights include the protection of migrants as a vulnerable social group within this perspective
La reforma migratoria en Estados Unidos: Perspectivas de cambio y continuidad
Authors: Méndez Coto Marco Vinicio
Published: February 2024

The article proposes an analysis of migration from the perspective of security (as it has been addressed by countries such as the United States mainly receiving international immigrants), and within the terrorism and the prevention context in which the international community is. The complexity of the migration issue has an impact on changes in the United States internal policy and generates transformations in the immigration system. These transformations appear in certain aspects like those contemplated in the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Bill (S.744) which was promoted by the President Obama. This section explains the process of change in the American political and electoral panorama since 2008 elections, the Latin America role in the foreign policy of Obama’s administration, the growing electoral power of Hispanic descendant population in the United States, the current situation of the immigrant population in an irregular administrative situation, and the current context of the bill within the American political system.
Simulation of Sloshing of Condensate Water Inside a Drying Cylinder Using Particle Finite Element Method
Authors: Tuovinen Tero , Jeronen Juha , Becker Pablo
Published: February 2024

Energy consumption is a key issue in paper making due to its high costs and for ecological reasons. In this paper, we focus on the simulation of the drying section, with a special emphasis on the heat transfer inside a steam-heated drying cylinder, accounting for the sloshing of condensate water inside the cylinder. It is known that the condensate creates a barrier reducing the efficiency of heat transfer through the cylinder surface, a shortcoming that can be overcome by the addition of turbulator bars that increase the convective heat transfer through the water layer. In this study, we simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer in the drying roll for both the water and steam phase, but for simplicity, neglect the phase change.The Particle Finite Element Method with a fixed mesh (PFEM-2) is used to compute the numerical solution. Our aim is to show the capability of this method for solving complex sloshing phenomena with adequate qualitative accuracy and computational efficiency.
Comparative prevalence assessment of subclinical mastitis in two crossbred dairy cow herds using the California mastitis test
Authors: Kumar Rishav , Thakur Ankaj , Sharma Ankit
Published: February 2024

The study was conducted on two herds of Jersey crossbred dairy cows. Samples were taken from two dairy farms to conduct the California Mastitis Test (CMT) during milking. A total of 115 animals were sampled, with 65 animals from Farm 1 and 60 animals from Farm 2. Milk samples were collected from all four quarters of each cow. The study analyzed a total of 460 quarters from the collected milk samples. Among these quarters, 132 quarters (28.69%) were found to be infected. The prevalence of mastitis was 45% in Herd 1 and 25% in Herd 2. The study found that only one quarter of the udder was more affected in both herds. The CMT score (likely a measure of mastitis severity) increased during late lactation. Infected cows had an average milk yield/day of 3.6 liters. Inflammatory (within or under the mammary gland) infections were more common in the first and second parity cows (cows that had given birth to one or two calves, respectively). This could be ascribed to the fact that dairy cows in their starting lactations are more vulnerable to the environmental pathogens because they might not have built up their immunity yet. Overall, this study provides insights into the prevalence, severity, and patterns of mastitis in Jersey crossbred dairy cows located at two different farms. The study highlights factors such as the stage of lactation, parity, and herd differences that can influence the occurrence and severity of mastitis in these animals.
Importance of pre-operative complete blood count in elective surgical procedures in dogs and cats - retrospective study
Authors: Marques Andreo Nathalia , Gabriel Presnal Victor , Aguiar Pavilak Gabriel , Romani Isaac , Harumi de Castro Sasahara Tais , Martins Leal Leonardo
Published: February 2024

The complete blood count (CBC) is a test commonly carried out in the preoperative period of surgical procedures in dogs and cats. Blood cells are analyzed for information that reflects the patient's systemic condition, and it is possible to identify some alterations and diseases, even in asymptomatic patients. This study evaluated the preoperative blood count of 119 animals from elective surgeries performed between 2016 and 2021. The most common alteration found was hyperproteinemia with 31.63% (31), followed by thrombocytopenia with 20.41% (20), erythrocytosis 18.37% (18), thrombocytosis 11.22% (11), leukocytosis 8.16% (8) and anemia with 7.14% (7). The least frequent alteration found was leukopenia, with 3.06% (3). In general, 54,17% of the animals had some laboratory alteration, even though they were clinically healthy. Thus, it was possible to confirm the importance of the preoperative blood count in dogs and cats, highlighting the need for this complementary test to minimize surgical risks to the patient.
Hernia extraforaminal en el espacio L5-S1 tratada por abordaje transfacetario endoscópico. Presentación de un caso y nota técnica
Authors: De Zavalía Máximo , Gobbi Enrique , Yeregui Santiago
Published: February 2024

Las hernias de disco extraforaminales en el espacio L5-S1 suelen ser difíciles de tratar por su complicado acceso y el riesgo de lesión nerviosa. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con discopatía en L5-S1 izquierda que fue tratado mediante discectomía endoscópica por abordaje símil Wiltse transfacetario. Este tipo de abordaje permite el acceso seguro a las hernias extraforaminales en el espacio L5-S1 evitando la manipulación e irritación de la raíz de L5.
Complicaciones asociadas a la artrodesis intersomática lumbar por vía lateral. Revisión narrativa de la bibliografía
Authors: Pereira Duarte Matías
Published: February 2024

Introducción: El abordaje lateral de la columna lumbar en la artrodesis intersomática está descrito para tratar varias enfermedades. Si bien es un procedimiento seguro, a medida que la técnica ha ganado popularidad, se han publicado diversas complicaciones asociadas. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión narrativa de la bibliografía para proveer al lector de un resumen organizado de las complicaciones comunicadas más frecuentes relacionadas con esta técnica.
Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa de la bibliografía obtenida en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y LILACS para identificar artículos que detallen complicaciones relacionadas con el abordaje lateral de la columna lumbar.
Resultados: Luego del análisis de los resultados de la búsqueda bibliográfica, se seleccionaron 18 artículos para esta revisión.
Conclusiones: Las complicaciones más frecuentes directamente relacionadas con este abordaje son la cruralgia y el déficit motor para la flexión de la cadera o la extensión de la pierna que, en su gran mayoría, son transitorias y reversibles. Hay escasos reportes de lesiones vasculares severas o fatales.
Estenosis espinal de triple región sintomática: reporte de un caso y revisión narrativa de la bibliografía
Authors: Latallade Valentino , Pereira Duarte Matías , Gamsie Sebastián , Kido Gonzalo Rodrigo , Petracchi Matías Gustavo , Gruenberg Marcelo Fernando
Published: February 2024

La estenosis espinal de las tres regiones de la columna en simultáneo es un cuadro infrecuente que requiere una adecuada valoración clínica y de las imágenes. En la actualidad, no existen guías establecidas para su abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la presentación clínica, el tratamiento y la evolución en un paciente con triple estenosis y contrastarlos con la evidencia disponible a través de una revisión narrativa de la bibliografía. Se presenta a una mujer de 69 años de edad que consultó con un cuadro de paraparesia progresiva asociado a ciatalgia derecha y signos de motoneurona superiorpositivos. En los estudios por imágenes, se constató una triple estenosis: cervical, torácica y lumbar. Se procedió a la descompresión y la resección tumoral torácica asociadas al tratamiento conservador de las estenosis cervical y lumbar. La evolución era favorable al año de la cirugía. La estenosis espinal de triple región sintomática es una condición rara, las valoraciones clínicas y radiológicas adecuadas permitirán un diagnóstico correcto con un abordaje adecuado y oportuno.
‘Extending Applied Linguistics for Social Impact: Cross-disciplinary Collaborations in Diverse Spaces of Public Inquiry’ By D. S. Warriner and E. R. Miller (eds.) (2021)
Authors: Bradley Jessica
Published: February 2024

Extending Applied Linguistics for Social Impact: Cross-disciplinary Collaborations in Diverse Spaces of Public Inquiry By D. S. Warriner and E. R. Miller (eds.) (2021)London: Bloomsbury, 228 pp.
‘Fostering Linguistic Equality: The SISE Approach to the Introductory Linguistics Course’ by Sarah E. Hercula (2020)
Authors: Darzhinova Liubov
Published: February 2024

Fostering Linguistic Equality: The SISE Approach to the Introductory Linguistics Courseby Sarah E. Hercula (2020)Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 232 pp.
Hiperkapnia Sebagai Prediktor Mortalitas Pasien COVID-19 di Ruang Rawat Intensif
Authors: Wijaya Indra , Oktaliansah Ezra , Erlangga M. Erias , Fuadi Iwan , Pradian Erwin , Indriasari Indriasari
Published: February 2024

Virus SARS-CoV-2 menyebabkan penyakit pernapasan akut yang disebut COVID-19 dan menyebabkan pandemi global. Proses aktivasi trombosis intravaskular pada COVID-19 menyebabkan komplikasi trombosis mikrovaskular dan makrovaskular sehingga terjadi peningkatan ruang mati paru dan meningkatkan kadar PaCO2. Hiperkapnia menyebabkan banyak perubahan fisiologis dalam tubuh meliputi sirkulasi paru dan sistemik dan meningkatkan risiko mortalitas pasien ARDS. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah hiperkapnia merupakan prediktor mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan data pasien pada periode Maret 2020–Desember 2021. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan kohort retrospektif. Data PaCO2 pasien diambil saat hari pertama pasien dirawat di ICU RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin dan status mortalitas pasien di hari rawat ke-7 dan 28 hari. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis bivariabel simple regression logistic. Hasil analisis statistik diperoleh nilai p< 0,05 dengan OR = 7,07 (CI 2,519–19,850) pada mortalitas hari ke-7, dan nilai p< 0,05 OR 44,33 (CI 9,182–214,062) pada mortalitas hari ke-28. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hiperkapnia merupakan prediktor mortalitas hari ke-7 dan ke-28 perawatan pada pasien COVID-19 yang dirawat di ruang rawat intensif isolasi.Hypercapnia as Mortality Predictor in COVID-19 PatientsThe SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19, an acute respiratory illness that caused a global pandemic. The activation of intravascular thrombosis in COVID-19 results in microvascular and macrovascular thrombosis complications, which increase lung dead space and PaCO2 levels. The hypercapnia condition causes many physiological changes in the body, including pulmonary and systemic circulation. It is known to increase the mortality risk in ARDS patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This study aimed to determine if hypercapnia was a mortality predictor in COVID-19 patients treated in the isolation intensive care unit at Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung. This observational analytic study used an observational analytic design with a retrospective cohort. The patient's PaCO2 data was collected on the first day of hospitalization in the ICU, and the patient's mortality status was collected on the 7th and 28th days of hospitalization. According to the statistical analysis, hypercapnia was associated with higher mortality, OR 7.07 (CI 2.519–19.850) on the 7th-day mortality and 44.33 (CI 9.182–214.062) on the 28th-day mortality, P value < 0.05. In conclusion, hypercapnia is a mortality predictor on the 7th and 28th days of treatment in COVID-19 patients treated in the isolation intensive care unit.