bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ESCAPE collaboration
Authors: Lamanna Giovanni
Published: May 2024

The European Union funded H2020 ESCAPE project has brought together the ESFRI and other world class research infrastructures in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Astroparticle Physics, and Astronomy. In the four years of the project many synergistic and collaborative aspects have been highlighted and explored, from pure technical collaboration on common solutions for data management, AAI, and workflows, through development of new tools, such as AI/ML codes, and in education and training, for example in the area of research software and citizen science. In addition, the project has shown that the scientific communities have a lot in common, can act as a single voice towards the funding agencies, the European Commission, and other key programmes such as the implementation of ESOC (European Open Science Cloud). Consequently, ESCAPE partners consider forming a long-term international open collaboration that would exist independently of specific project funding, that can maintain the synergistic aspects of the cluster scientific communities. This work highlights the ESCAPE achievements and outlines some of the goals of the new collaboration.
Parallel IO Libraries for Managing HEP Experimental Data
Authors: Bashyal Amit , Jones Christopher , Knoepfel Kyle , Van Gemmeren Peter , Sehrish Saba , Byna Suren
Published: May 2024

The computing and storage requirements of the energy and intensity frontiers will grow significantly during the Run 4 & 5 and the HL-LHC era. Similarly, in the intensity frontier, with larger trig ger readouts during supernovae explosions, the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will have unique computing challenges that could be addressed by the use of parallel and accelerated dataprocessing capabilities. Most of the requirements of the energy and intensity frontier experiments rely on increasing the role of high performance computing (HPC) in the HEP community. In this presentation, we will describe our ongoing efforts that are focused on using HPC resources for the next generation HEP experiments. The HEPCCE (High Energy Physics-Center for Computational Excellence) IOS (Input/Output and Storage) group has been developing approaches to map HEP data to the HDF5 , an IO library optimized for the HPC platforms to store the intermediate HEP data. The complex HEP data products are serialized using ROOT to allow for experiment independent general mapping approaches of the HEP data to the HDF5 format. The mapping approaches can be optimized for high performance parallel IO. Similarly, simpler data can be directly mapped into the HDF5, which can also be suitable for offloading into the GPUs directly. We will present our works on both complex and simple data model models.
Run-3 Commissioning of CMS Online HLT reconstruction using GPUs
Authors: Parida Ganesh
Published: May 2024

The software-based High-Level Trigger (HLT) of CMS reduces the data readout rate from 100 kHz (obtained from Level 1 trigger) to around 5 kHz. It makes use of all detector subsystems and runs a streamlined version of CMS reconstruction. Run-2 of the LHC saw the reconstruction algorithms run on a CPU farm. However, the need to have increased computational power as we approach the high luminosity phase of LHC demands the use of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) to reign in the cost, size and power consumption of the HLT farm. Parallelization of the reconstruction algorithms, on top of the multi-threading functionality introduced in Run-2, allowed parts of the Hadronic Calorimeter (HCAL), Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) and Pixel Tracker reconstruction to be offloaded to NVIDIA GPUs. In order to ensure the reproducibility of physics results on any machine, the HLT configuration was designed to run seamlessly with and without GPUs, that is, the algorithms were automatically offloaded to a GPU when one was available and otherwise fell back to running on the CPU. This contribution will describe the development of GPU-based algorithms for the HLT and the challenges they presented, along with the comprehensive validation and commissioning activity undertaken by CMS to ensure the successful operations of the new HLT farm.
Co-Design of Quantum Hardware and Algorithms in Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Authors: Franz Maja , Zurita Pía , Diefenthaler Markus , Mauerer Wolfgang
Published: May 2024

Quantum computing (QC) has emerged as a promising technology, and is believed to have the potential to advance nuclear and high energy physics (NHEP) by harnessing quantum mechanical phenomena to accelerate computations. In this paper, we give a brief overview of the current state of quantum computing by highlighting challenges it poses and opportunities it offers to the NHEP community. Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, while limited by imperfections and small scale, may hold promise for near-term quantum advantages when coupled with co-designed quantum algorithms and special-purpose quantum processing units (QPUs). We explore various applications in NHEP, including quantum simulation, event classification, and realtime experiment control, emphasising the potential of variational quantum circuits and related techniques. To identify current interests of the community, we perform an analysis of recent literature in NHEP related to QC.
Model Performance Prediction for Hyperparameter Optimization of Deep Learning Models Using High Performance Computing and Quantum Annealing
Authors: García Amboage Juan Pablo , Wulff Eric , Girone Maria , Pena Tomás F.
Published: May 2024

Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO) of Deep Learning (DL)-based models tends to be a compute resource intensive process as it usually requires to train the target model with many different hyperparameter configurations. We show that integrating model performance prediction with early stopping methods holds great potential to speed up the HPO process of deep learning models. Moreover, we propose a novel algorithm called Swift-Hyperband that can use either classical or quantum Support Vector Regression (SVR) for performance prediction and benefit from distributed High Performance Computing (HPC) environments. This algorithm is tested not only for the Machine-Learned Particle Flow (MLPF), model used in High-Energy Physics (HEP), but also for a wider range of target models from domains such as computer vision and natural language processing. Swift-Hyperband is shown to find comparable (or better) hyperparameters as well as using less computational resources in all test cases.
Effect of sterilization on the corrosion behavior of orthopedic implants coated and uncoated
Authors: Sahraoui Mannena , Yahyaoui Houda , Ben Moussa Naoufel , Habibi Mohamed
Published: May 2024

The impact of sterilization on the corrosion behavior of orthopedic implants produced via Laser Powder Bed Fusion is analyzed in a biologically relevant environment. In a controlled environment at 37 °C, experiments were conducted to mimic a natural biological state. In a controlled oven at 50 °C for 20 min, AISI 316L stainless steel samples were prepped before primary testing. The experiment showed that sterilization leads to the development of a more efficient passive layer, resulting in improved corrosion resistance. The improvement in corrosion potential, pitting potential, and corrosion rate was substantial. A decrease in corrosion resistance is observed when TiN (Titanium Nitride) is applied. The findings suggest that sterilization can enhance the corrosion performance of 316L L-PBF implants, although this improvement may not apply equally to all coated components, such as those with TiN coatings.
Optimization of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Based Cold Metal Transfer arc length and dynamic correction parameters using geometrical and Digital Image Corelation analysis
Authors: Rabhi Mounir , Ben Khalifa Ated , Ftoutou Ezzeddine , Chatti Sami
Published: May 2024

The control of the heat input and the geometrical characteristics of the joint during and after a layer deposition remains the concern of the manufacturers in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, despite the existence of all new technologies such as the Cold Metal Transfer process. The understanding of the effect of arc parameters having a remarkable role in the optimization of the layer deposition heat input is essential. In the following work, we will focus on the influence of the combination of the parameters of Cold Metal Transfer arc length and arc dynamics correction on the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the final weld bead.

Experimental and statistical investigations have been carried out on F57 filler metal for the assembly of S235 thin metal sheets by the butt joining method using the universal Cold Metal Transfer mode. The main parameters: (i) Arc length correction and (ii) Dynamic Arc correction have been varied to investigate the effect of the combination of these parameters using surface response from experimental plan methods under Minitab software. Furthermore, mechanical investigation using tensile tests coupled with Digital Image Correlation analysis has been realized.

The obtained results show that the variation of arc length correction affects considerably the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the one-layer deposition. However, the effect of the variation of the dynamic arc correction doesn’t affect the width of the welded bead but more the penetration. In the same way, the optimization of the arc’s length enabled us to control the wall’s width and appearance. In addition, optimizing the arc’s dynamics enabled us to control the right blend between layers. These results contribute to the optimization of the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing-Cold Metal Transfer process parameters for future applications.
Generation of functional surfaces to assist in decision-making for wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Farjallah Rahma , Ftoutou Ezzeddine , Ben Khalifa Ated , Trigui Moez
Published: May 2024

Traditionally, product development involved separate design and manufacturing processes, leading to significant challenges in cost, time, and quality. However, the advent of Computer-aided design (CAD) systems in the late 20th century bridged this gap, enabling a seamless exchange of design information and coinciding with the rise of Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. A critical aspect of CAD/CAM systems is determining the functional specification of CAD assembly models, with design tolerances directly impacting product buildability. However, accessing this data remains complex. This paper presents an approach to extract feature surfaces from assembly models automatically. Initially, assembly constraints are analyzed to determine component relationships, which are then used to extract corresponding functional surfaces. This algorithmic process includes two pivotal phases: one for surface characterization and another for exploring constraints. This approach yields a comprehensive representation of functional surfaces associated with the components. Addressing this challenge, the effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through an illustrative example, showcasing the extraction of information related to functional surfaces from the outset of the process. After conducting a thorough comparative analysis, specifically targeting the mechanical properties of parts produced using Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) and Cold Metal Transfer Cycle Step techniques, it was determined tS100hat CMT is best suited for constructing the main body of the component. Meanwhile, the CMT Cycle Step will be used for producing surrounding volumes. This strategic allocation ensures that each technique is employed to maximize its strengths, optimizing performance and efficiency throughout the manufacturing process. In conclusion, a hybrid approach combining both CMT and CMT Cycle Step techniques, while considering functional surfaces. This integrated strategy capitalizes on the strengths of each method.
Corrosion behavior of selective laser melted biomaterials in a physiological environment
Authors: Yahyaoui Houda , Sahraoui Mannena , Habibi Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Medical applications are today the most important areas that use additively manufactured parts. The choose of the convenient biomaterial during implant design depends on several criteria such as biocompatibility, osteointegration and processing cost. The purpose of this work is to compare the corrosion behavior of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel and Titanium TiAl6V4 orthopedic implants manufactured by selective laser melting. For each material the process parameters were varied to obtain comparable surface states mainly evaluated by microgeometric quality and porosities distribution. The electrochemical interaction between biomaterial and the physiological environment was simulated by corrosion tests performed in a Ringer type solution. From the obtained results it can be seen that selective laser melted Titanium TiAl6V4, despite its higher roughness, exhibits the highest corrosion resistance compared to AISI.316L stainless steel samples. In fact, for comparable porosities distribution density, enhanced corrosion properties, such as corrosion rate, pitting potential (Epp) and corrosion potential (Ecorr) were achieved for Titanium alloy.
A Robust, resilience and risk-aware solar energy farm location by Bi-Level programming approach
Authors: Lotfi Reza , MohajerAnsari Pedram , Sharifi Nevisi Mohammad Mehdi , Sharifmousavi Seyed Mahdi , Afshar Mohamad , Mehrjardi Mojtaba Sadreddini
Published: May 2024

In challenging circumstances such as war, governments are shifting their focus towards Solar Energy (SE) as a Renewable Energy option through PhotoVoltaic panels due to the rising costs associated with fossil fuel extraction and exploration. This model recommends a SE Location (SEL) that prioritizes Robustness, Resilience, and Risk awareness which is called 3RSEL. As a result, a Bi-Level Programming (BLP) is proposed to solve this problem for the first time. A heuristic approach is defined for a BLP mathematical model. This research generates a lower and upper bound to solve the model quickly. The results show that Yazd and Kerman are the optimal location for SEL. The main problem is compared to a situation where risk and robustness are not considered. It can be observed that the supplier’s profit and energy production are lower than without risk and robustness, with a gap of −4.4%. The variability of the conservatism coefficient, discount rate, confidence level of Conditional Value at Risk, and problem scale are considered. Increasing the conservatism coefficient decreases the supplier’s profit function and energy output. Alternatively, increasing the discount rate decreases the supplier’s profit function without affecting the energy output. Conversely, boosting the confidence level does not alter suppliers’ profit function but results in declining energy output. Finally, as stated, it can be observed that the computation time increases with an increase in the scale of the problem.
The 150 most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology series: questions 102–104
Authors: Lu Zhimin
Published: May 2024

To accelerate our endeavors to overcome cancer, Visualized Cancer Medicine continues the previously launched program of publishing the 150 most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology. In this article, three more questions are presented as follows: Question 102: Can non-glucose-based tumor imaging techniques facilitate tumor detection and metabolic classification? Question 103: how can we develop medicines to inhibit the cancer-specific metabolic functions of metabolic enzymes in tumors expressing wild-type IDH, without interfering with their canonical catalytic activities? Question 104: Can dietary-based cancer therapy be proven effective in treating cancer?
Jung, lebensverkürzend erkrankt und zufrieden? – Subjektives Wohlbefinden von Palliativpatient*innen
Authors: Oldsen Rahel
Published: May 2024

Neben physiologischen Grundbedürfnissen brauchen wir für unser Wohlbefinden die Befriedigung unserer psychosozialen Grundbedürfnisse nach sozialer Eingebundenheit, Autonomie und Selbstwirksamkeit. Menschen mit einer lebensverkürzenden Erkrankung sind in ihrer Aktivität und Teilhabe eingeschränkt und früher mit ihrem eigenen Tod konfrontiert. Sind sie trotzdem so zufrieden wie Gesunde? Wie stehen sie ihrem Tod und Sterben gegenüber?
Überpflege – Gedanken zu einem „neuen“ Phänomen
Authors: Wohlmannstetter Markus , Mayer Nicole
Published: May 2024

„Überpflege“ ist ein relativ unbekanntes Phänomen – doch es ist so alt wie die Pflege selbst. Worum es sich dabei handelt und welche Folgen sie mit sich bringen kann, zeigt der folgende Beitrag. Gleichzeitig wird auch der Bogen zum Post-Intensive-Care-Syndrom (PICS) gespannt, das eng mit der Überpflege verbunden ist.
Freigestellte Praxisanleitung im High-Care-Bereich
Authors: Olschewski Dirk , Ernst Jennifer , Schömer Pasqual
Published: May 2024

Mit Einführung der generalistischen Ausbildung und der Überarbeitung der Fachweiterbildung Anästhesie- und Intensivpflege ergeben sich für die Praxisanleitung neue und erweiterte Aufgabenfelder. Mehr denn je braucht es jetzt freigestellte Praxisanleitende, um diesen neuen Anforderungen gerecht werden zu können. Doch was ist notwendig für eine effektive und bedarfsorientierte Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung von Auszubildenden und Kollegen auf den Intensivstationen? Ein Beispiel aus dem St.-Johannes-Hospital Dortmund.
Was ist gerecht? Verteilung begrenzter Ressourcen in der Intensivversorgung
Authors: Friesacher Heiner
Published: May 2024

Was ist eine gute und gerechte Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten auf der Intensivstation? Diese auf den ersten Blick vielleicht einfache Frage ist bei genauerer Betrachtung ein komplexes Bündel von gesellschaftlichen, sozialen, philosophischen, juristischen, ökonomischen, pflegefachlichen und medizinischen Problemlagen und Herausforderungen. Umstritten ist ja schon die Ausgangsprämisse einer Kostenexplosion im Gesundheitswesen.
Wertschätzend und vorurteilsfrei – Therapeutische Haltung in der Suchttherapie
Authors: Adomat Isabell
Published: May 2024

Um erfolgreich mit suchterkrankten Menschen zu arbeiten, ist es essenziell, dass Ergotherapeut*innen ihre Haltung gegenüber Betroffenen kritisch reflektieren. Denn Stigmatisierung und Vorurteile aufseiten der Behandelnden können die Fortschritte beeinträchtigen. Isabell Adomat berichtet aus ihrer Erfahrung als Therapeutin und Betroffene, worauf es in der Arbeit mit suchterkrankten Personen ankommt.
Den therapeutischen Werkzeugkasten nutzen – Theorie-Praxis-Transfer in der Pädiatrie
Authors: Sadaghiani Anahita
Published: May 2024

Ergotherapeutische Modelle und Assessments ermöglichen eine evidenzbasierte, betätigungs- und klientenzentrierte Therapie. Anhand eines Best-Practice-Beispiels zeigt Anahita Sadaghiani, wie sie die Theorie nutzt und damit Familien erfolgreich bei Alltagsanliegen unterstützt.
Fundierte Ergotherapie bei eingeschränktem Sehen – AOTA-Leitlinie: Ältere Menschen mit Sehbeeinträchtigungen
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: May 2024

Die American Association of Occupational Therapy (AOTA) hat 2020 die „Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Older Adults with Low Vision“ aktualisiert. Die Leitlinie wertet vorhandene Evidenz aus und leitet daraus Empfehlungen ab. Sie bietet Ergotherapeut*innen eine Orientierung, wie sie mit betroffenen älteren Menschen umgehen können. Florence Kranz stellt ausgewählte Empfehlungen näher vor.
Früherkennung von Typ-1-Diabetes durch Inselautoantikörper-Screening
– ein Positionspapier der Fr1daPlex-Projektleiter und
-Schulungszentren, des BVKJ Bayern und PaedNetz Bayern e.V.
Authors: Achenbach Peter , Berner Reinhard , Bonifacio Ezio , Brämswig Susanne , Braig Sonja , Dunstheimer Desiree , Ermer Uwe , Ewald Dominik , Gemulla Gita , Hauer Julia , Haupt Florian , Haus Gabi , Hubmann Michael , Hummel Sandra , Kandler Michael , Kordonouri Olga , Lange Karin , Laub Otto , Lorrmann Anja , Nellen-Hellmuth Nicole , Sindichakis Marina , von dem Berge Thekla , Warncke Katharina , Weber Leonie , Winkler Christiane , Wintermeyer Philip , Ziegler Anette-Gabriele
Published: May 2024

Dieses Positionspapier basiert auf der langjährigen klinischen Erfahrung und
grundlagen-wissenschaftlichen Forschung der Autoren zur Diagnose und Behandlung
von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit einem präsymptomatischen Frühstadium des
Typ-1-Diabetes. Der Nutzen sowie potenzielle Nachteile der Früherkennung von
Typ-1-Diabetes durch ein Inselautoantikörper-Screening werden kritisch
diskutiert. Zudem werden die Perspektiven einer Verzögerung des Ausbruchs der
klinischen Stoffwechselerkrankung durch eine Teplizumab-Behandlung adressiert.
Wir sehen heute die Chance einer relevanten Verbesserung der therapeutischen
Möglichkeiten und der Lebensperspektive betroffener Kinder und Jugendlicher.
Wichtige nächste Schritte für die Implementierung eines
Inselautoantikörper-Screenings in Deutschland sind die Fortbildung der Kinder-
und Jugendärzte, die über das Screening aufklären sollen, die Etablierung von
wenigen überregionalen Laboratorien, die die Testung durchführen, und die
Ausweitung regionaler Kapazitäten für Schulung und Betreuung der Kinder mit
einem Frühstadium des Typ-1-Diabetes.
Synchronous Abdominal Wall and Small Bowel Transplantation: Critical Insights at 4-Year Follow-up
Authors: Oleck Nicholas C. , Erdmann Ralph F. , Ravindra Kadiyala V. , Sudan Debra L. , Phillips Brett T. , Mithani Suhail K. , Erdmann Detlev , Atia Andrew
Published: May 2024

This 4-year follow-up of synchronous abdominal wall vascular composite allotransplantation (AW-VCA) and small bowel transplantation reveals novel insights and innovations in abdominal wall VCA. The case, involving a 37-year-old male Army veteran, showcases the benefits of AW-VCA in addressing loss of abdominal domain in intestinal transplantation (ITx). The events leading to ultimate rejection of both the AW-VCA and small bowel graft at 4 years highlights the complex interplay between graft survival, patient compliance, and immunosuppressive management. Notably, a significant discordance between AW-VCA and ITx rejection patterns was identified, questioning the reliability of skin components in AW-VCA as early indicators of ITx rejection. Furthermore, the behavior of the vascularized abdominal fascia, observed postexcision of the small bowel graft, offers new understanding of the immunologic response to fascia-only grafts. This follow-up emphasizes the complexities of graft survival, patient compliance, and immunosuppressive management, underscoring the need for ongoing research and innovation in the field.
One-Pot and Three-Component Coupling Synthesis of Novel p-[(Benzothiazolylamino)(aryl/heteroaryl)methyl]phenols and Its Corresponding O-Tosylates under Catalyst- and Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Hawsawi Mohammed B. , Gandhamsetty Narasimhulu , Alluhaibi Mustafa S.
Published: May 2024

A catalyst- and solvent-free procedure has been developed for the synthesis of p-[( benzothiazolylamino)(aryl/heteroaryl)methyl]-functionalized phenols and its O-tosylates via one-pot three-component coupling reaction of thymol or carvacrol, aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes, and 2-aminobenzothiazoles with high selectivity. The present amino methylation process is convenient to perform even on large scale with a broad scope. The products were likely formed through the initial para attack of thymol on aldehydes to generate p-quinone methide intermediate and subsequent 1,6-aza-Michael addition of 2-aminobenzothiazoles on in-situ generated p-quinone methide intermediate.
Clinical Profile of Pediatric Oncology Patients Treated by Radiotherapy: A Retrospective Audit from a Tertiary Cancer Care Center in South India
Authors: B. Sanjay Kini , Papneja Aashish , K. Vasudeva Bhat , A. Manjula , Velu Umesh , Guha Kaushiki , Kumar Ashwini , Prabhu Divya Arvind
Published: May 2024

Introduction With the increase in the number of pediatric cancers in India, there is a need for a multimodal approach involving various disciplines of therapy in which radiotherapy is one of the important areas of treatment. As there is a paucity of studies in South India about the profile of pediatric cancer patients who have undergone radiotherapy the present study was undertaken.

Methods A record-based retrospective study was conducted at the department of pediatric hematology-oncology and radiotherapy at a tertiary care hospital in South India using a data abstraction form which consisted of sociodemographic details of study participants, primary diagnosis, confirmed diagnosis, site of radiotherapy, current status of the patient, etc. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to find out significant association between current status of study participants and various determinants influencing it.

Results Highest proportion, n = 35 (30.4%), of cases were in the age group of 10 to 14 years. Among them, 48 children were primarily diagnosed to have hematolymphoid malignancy while 67(%) had solid tumor. Majority of the patients, n = 110 (95.6%), were treated on curative intent.

Conclusion Radiotherapy remains an important modality of cancer-directed therapy in children with cancer. Radiotherapy still forms an integral part of cancer-directed treatment in children with cancer as demonstrated in our population.
The influence and mechanism of female-headed households on household debt risk: empirical evidence from China
Authors: Tan Benyan , Guo Yingzhu , Wu Yan
Published: May 2024

With the development of society, the number of female-headed households is on the rise. Based on the data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) in 2019, this paper establishes a Tobit model to study the influence of female-headed households on household debt risk. Results indicate that female-headed households can substantially reduce household debt risk, and this conclusion still holds after overcoming endogeneity issues. Further tests on the mediating effect reveal that risk aversion and housing property holding have partial mediating effects and masking effects, respectively, in the path of female-headed households affecting household debt risk. In addition, the heterogeneity analysis indicates that the influence of female-headed households on household debt risk is more significant in third-tier cities, as well as in families without children, families without elderly members, and families with more than two elderly members. The conclusions of this paper provide a reference for the relevant policy measures to reduce household debt risk and promote gender equality.
Can financial inclusion enhance human development? Evidence from low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Tissaoui Kais , Hakimi Abdelaziz , Zaghdoudi Taha
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine if financial inclusion in low-, lower-middle-, and upper-middle-income nations promotes human development. Our aim was accomplished by employing an empirical technique of using the System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) and dynamic threshold panel (DTP) data on a sample of 79 nations between 2000 and 2017. Three sub-samples representing low-, lower-, and upper-middle-income nations were created from the entire sample. In general, lower- and upper-middle-income nations’ human development is positively impacted by financial inclusion, according to SGMM empirical studies. Furthermore, the DTP method’s results show that there is a threshold impact for both human development and financial inclusion. The degree of human development in upper-middle-income and lower-middle-income countries is greatly raised by financial inclusion, whether the threshold is met or beyond.
Understanding individual heat exposure through interdisciplinary research on thermoception
Authors: Yáñez Serrano Paloma , Bieńkowska Zofia , Boni Zofia , Chwałczyk Franciszek , Hassani Amirhossein
Published: May 2024

Extreme heat events are more frequent and more intense globally due to climate change. The urban environment is an additional factor enhancing the effects of heat. Adults above 65 years old are especially at risk due to their poorer health, physiology and socio-economic situation. Yet, there is limited knowledge about their experiences of summer heat, their actual heat exposure and how they negotiate their thermal comfort through different adaptation practices. In conventional research on heat exposure and thermal comfort, very little attention is given to individual behaviour and subjective experiences. To understand how older adults feel the heat in the city we study their thermoception, which we conceptualise as an embodied knowledge about bodily sensations, thermal environments and adjustments to heat. This article stems from interdisciplinary research conducted in Warsaw and Madrid in the summers of 2021–2022. We combine and juxtapose data from ethnographic research and from physical measurements of temperature gathered in people’s homes, to show on a microscale how we can study and understand the diversity in individual heat exposure more holistically. We demonstrate that to understand the consequences of heat for vulnerable populations it is crucial to study thermoception, the subjective experiences of heat, in addition to analysing their thermal environments. With the use of a unique methodology, this article shows how similar weather conditions are experienced differently by people from the same cities, depending on the materiality of their dwellings, availability of cooling devices, as well as everyday habits and their individual bodies. We discuss the social, material and temporal adjustments participants made to deal with heat, to showcase their agency in affecting their individual heat exposure. The article emphasises the role of social sciences and qualitative methods in research on individual heat exposure and argues for the co-production of knowledge on the topic.
Digital economy and urban innovation level: A quasi-natural experiment from the strategy of “Digital China”
Authors: Zhang Chong , Liu Baoliu , Yang Yuhan
Published: May 2024

The digital economy is an essential engine of the innovation-driven development strategy and plays a valuable role in promoting the high-quality development of the regional economy. Based on the panel data of 286 cities in mainland China with the help of the digital economy strategic plans issued by local governments as a quasi-natural experiment, we use the multi-temporal double-difference (DID) method to examine the impact of the digital economy on the urban innovation level. Findings show that the digital economy can significantly improve the urban innovation level. After a series of robustness tests, such as parallel trend test, updating sample and period, and repeated placebo test, the innovation-driving effect generated by the development of the digital economy remains significant. Results of the mechanism analysis indicate that the digital economy enhances the level of innovation through upgrading industrial structures. In addition, we find through the heterogeneity test that the digital economy has a stronger effect on improving the quality of innovation. Meanwhile, the innovation output in the Middle Eastern region is more significantly affected by the “Digital China” strategy than the Western region. Therefore, we should accelerate the implementation of the local digital economy development strategy to realize the high-quality development of the regional economy.
A unified framework for simplicial Kuramoto models
Authors: Nurisso Marco , Arnaudon Alexis , Lucas Maxime , Peach Robert L. , Expert Paul , Vaccarino Francesco , Petri Giovanni
Published: May 2024

Simplicial Kuramoto models have emerged as a diverse and intriguing class of models describing oscillators on simplices rather than nodes. In this paper, we present a unified framework to describe different variants of these models, categorized into three main groups: “simple” models, “Hodge-coupled” models, and “order-coupled” (Dirac) models. Our framework is based on topology and discrete differential geometry, as well as gradient systems and frustrations, and permits a systematic analysis of their properties. We establish an equivalence between the simple simplicial Kuramoto model and the standard Kuramoto model on pairwise networks under the condition of manifoldness of the simplicial complex. Then, starting from simple models, we describe the notion of simplicial synchronization and derive bounds on the coupling strength necessary or sufficient for achieving it. For some variants, we generalize these results and provide new ones, such as the controllability of equilibrium solutions. Finally, we explore a potential application in the reconstruction of brain functional connectivity from structural connectomes and find that simple edge-based Kuramoto models perform competitively or even outperform complex extensions of node-based models.
Identification of the continuum field structure at multiple scale levels
Authors: Wang Lipo , Mei Xinyu
Published: May 2024

For continuum fields such as turbulence, analyses of the field structure offer insights into their kinematic and dynamic properties. To ensure the analyses are quantitative rather than merely illustrative, two conditions are essential: space-filling and structure quantification. A pertinent example is the dissipation element (DE) structure, which is however susceptible to noisy interference, rendering it inefficient for extracting the large-scale features of the field. In this study, the multi-level DE structure is proposed based on the multi-level extremal point concept. At a given scale level, the entire field can be decomposed into the corresponding space-filling and non-overlapping DEs, each characterized by its length scale l and the scalar difference Δϕ between its two extremal points. We will first elaborate on the fundamental principles of this method. Results from an artificially constructed two-scale field indicate that the decomposed units adequately represent the geometry of the original field. In examining the fractal Brownian motion, a structure function equivalent ⟨Δϕ|l⟩ and an energy spectrum equivalent are introduced. The scaling relation derived from ⟨Δϕ|l⟩ corresponds with the Hurst number. Furthermore, the multi-level DE structure distinctly reveals the two different inertial ranges in two-dimensional turbulence. Overall, this novel structure identification approach holds significant potential for complex analyses concerning the field geometry.
Erratum: “Existence of global symmetries of divergence-free fields with first integrals” [J. Math. Phys. 64, 052705 (2023)]
Authors: Perrella David , Duignan Nathan , Pfefferlé David
Published: May 2024

We correct an error in a previous publication which led to an incorrect statement and proof of a proposition. The errors result from an interesting subtlety of the differential topology of embedded tori in three-manifolds.
Vortex splitting in two-dimensional fluids and non-neutral electron plasmas with smooth vorticity profiles
Authors: Hurst N. C. , Tran A. , Wongwaitayakornkul P. , Danielson J. R. , Dubin D. H. E. , Surko C. M.
Published: May 2024

Initially, elliptical, quasi-two-dimensional (2D) fluid vortices can split into multiple pieces if the aspect ratio is sufficiently large due to the growth and saturation of perturbations known as Love modes on the vortex edge. Presented here are experiments and numerical simulations, showing that the aspect ratio threshold for vortex splitting is significantly higher for vortices with realistic, smooth edges than that predicted by a simple “vortex patch” model, where the vorticity is treated as piecewise constant inside a deformable boundary. The experiments are conducted by exploiting the E × B drift dynamics of collisionless, pure electron plasmas in a Penning–Malmberg trap, which closely model 2D vortex dynamics due to an isomorphism between the Drift–Poisson equations describing the plasmas and the Euler equations describing ideal fluids. The simulations use a particle-in-cell method to model the evolution of a set of point vortices. The aspect ratio splitting threshold ranges up to about twice as large as the vortex patch prediction and depends on the edge vorticity gradient. This is thought to be due to spatial Landau damping, which decreases the vortex aspect ratio over time and, thus, stabilizes the Love modes. Near the threshold, asymmetric splitting events are observed in which one of the split products contains much less circulation than the other. These results are relevant to a wide range of quasi-2D fluid systems, including geophysical fluids, astrophysical disks, and drift-wave eddies in tokamak plasmas.
The mechanism of biofilm detachment in porous medium under flow field
Authors: Tang Yangyang , Zhang Zheng , Tao Cong , Wang Xiaoling
Published: May 2024

Biofilms are communities formed by bacteria adhering to surfaces, widely present in porous medium, and their growth can lead to clogging. Our experiment finds that under certain flow conditions, biofilms detach in pores and form a dynamically changing flow path. We define detachment that occurs far from the boundary of the flow path (with a distance greater than 200 μm) as internal detachment and detachment that occurs at the boundary of the flow path as external detachment. To understand the mechanism of biofilm detachment, we study the detachment behaviors of the Bacillus subtilis biofilm in a porous medium in a microfluidic device, where Bacillus subtilis strain is triple fluorescent labeled, which can represent three main phenotypes during the biofilm formation: motile cells, matrix-producing cells, and spores. We find that slow small-scale internal detachment occurs in regions with very few motile cells and matrix-producing cells, and bacterial movement in these areas is disordered. The increase in the number of matrix-producing cells induces clogging, and after clogging, the rapid detachment of the bulk internal biofilm occurs due to the increased pressure difference at the inlet and outlet. When both internal and external detachments occur simultaneously, the number of matrix-producing cells in the internal detachment area is 2.5 times that in the external detachment area. The results indicate that biofilm detachment occurs in areas with fewer matrix-producing cells, as matrix-producing cells can help resist detachment by secreting extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs).
Impact of several coarse-graining models on a pilot-scale fluidized bed behavior using discrete element method–computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Dufresne Yann , Boulet Micaël , Moreau Stéphane
Published: May 2024

Recent studies highlight coarse-grained discrete element method (CGDEM) as a helpful tool for mitigating the computational cost associated with original discrete element method (DEM) simulations in large-scale industrial applications such as fluidized beds. This approach achieves cost savings by reducing the number of particles in the domain, while increasing their size. In the current work, CGDEM-LES (large-eddy simulation) numerical simulations are conducted on a 3D (three-dimensional) cylindrical pilot-scale fluidized bed in the bubbling regime, containing 9.6 M Geldart B-type particles. Macroscopic and mesoscopic analyses are performed, revealing qualitative and quantitative effects of coarse-graining on bed behavior. Among these effects, a global homogenization of the fluidized region is observed, marked by soaring bed surfaces, lower solid velocity, and solid fraction gradients. Additionally, a decrease in the bubble population is reported. These effects intensify as the coarse-graining factor increases. Despite influencing some results, the impact of mesh size is deemed negligible compared to that of particle coarse-graining. Some of the observed issues can be alleviated by incorporating additional mechanisms from the literature, aiming to dissipate the extra energy inherently present in coarse-grained systems. However, these mechanisms prove to be barely sufficient to replicate DEM results with the smallest coarse-graining factor tested. A thorough analysis allows identifying a side effect of one of these approaches, which is to slow particles down all the more as they move fast, causing a macroscopic misprediction of particle vertical velocity in turn. This model is then deemed less useful in the context of this study.
Interactions of shock waves with polydisperse particle clouds: Effects on mitigation and topological heterogeneity
Authors: Siddappa C. , Thomine O. , Shadloo M. S. , Gai G. , Hadjadj A.
Published: May 2024

This study explores the efficiency of employing a particle-spray cloud to mitigate shock wave propagation, which is essential in various industrial applications, especially in preventing potential hydrogen explosions within nuclear reactor containment buildings. Numerical simulations, primarily in one- and two-dimensional configurations, are utilized to examine the interaction between shock waves and a cloud of polydisperse particles, considering both air and hydrogen–air mixtures as carrier gases. A novel reduced-order theoretical model is developed to analyze the dispersion pattern of polydisperse particles, with validation conducted through direct numerical simulations. Results demonstrate that the polydispersion of cloud particles significantly reduces shock wave propagation compared to monodisperse particles. Notably, particles with smaller diameters and higher standard deviations (σ) show increased attenuation effects. Additionally, scenarios with higher particle volume fractions (τv,0) contribute to enhanced shock wave attenuation. A critical incident Mach number is identified, indicating a significant change in shock wave transmission from supersonic to subsonic when Ms<2.8.
Deep learning models for air quality forecasting based on spatiotemporal characteristics of data
Authors: Rehman Khawar , Abid Irfan , Hong Seung Ho
Published: May 2024

The distribution of air-borne pollutants is governed by complex fluid dynamics processes involving convection and diffusion. The process is further affected by the characteristics of emission sources, meteorological parameters, socioeconomic factors, and land use patterns. Compared to deterministic and probabilistic air quality forecasting methods, data driven modeling of air quality parameters can address the large degree of freedom in air quality influencing parameters as well as offer interpretability and understanding of air pollutants' distribution at an increased spatial and temporal resolutions. This study focuses on the citywide prediction of air quality index (AQI) based on observations of pollutant concentrations, meteorological parameters, and spatiotemporal data. The study area includes Ansan city in South Korea, which has been observed as a hotspot for high concentrations of particulate matter. The air quality and meteorological were collected from 16 monitoring stations located in Ansan city. A detailed spatiotemporal analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between AQI records at the air quality monitoring stations. Based on strong spatiotemporal correlations observed between stations, several deep learning (DL) models were proposed, and their performance was investigated for different scenarios. It was observed that the selection of appropriate DL models should be based on (1) understanding of the underlying fluid dynamics process that control pollutant distribution and (2) spatiotemporal characteristics of data. Additionally, the complexity of DL models does not always guarantee the accuracy of the forecasts, and simple models can give good performance if the predictors are selected carefully to reflect the underlying physical process.
Experimental study on selecting controlled parameter for the optimal wall pressure of dual-mode combustor
Authors: Jiao Guiqian , Song Wenyan , Zeng Xianglong , Fu Qiang , Li Hantao , Li Jianping
Published: May 2024

The dual-mode combustor model of a kerosene-fueled dual-mode scramjet engine was investigated through a series of combustion experiments with different mode on the resistance heating direct-connected test system at Northwestern Polytechnical University. The experiment simulated the actual combustion process under the conditions of an inlet total pressure ranging from 600 to 900 kPa, an inlet total temperature of 810 K, and an inlet Mach number of 2.0. The results show that as the equivalence ratio of kerosene increases, the combustor goes through three modes sequentially: pure scramjet mode, dual-mode scramjet mode, and dual-mode ramjet mode. The peak pressure ratio of the combustor corresponding to the combustion mode transition boundary is 1.95 and 3.5, respectively, and the Mach number at the exit of the isolator is 2.26 and 1.0, respectively. The mode transition boundary remains unchanged regardless of the inlet total pressure. When the position of the peak pressure point is stably located near the upstream cavity, the combustor operates in dual-mode ramjet mode, while when the position of the peak pressure point is stably located near the downstream cavity, the combustor operates in dual-mode scramjet mode. As the position of the measurement point gets closer to the downstream, the relative coefficient of wall pressure change becomes higher in terms of wall pressure measurement. The greatest variation in the relative coefficient of wall pressure occurs at x = 370 mm, indicating the highest sensitivity. It is the most suitable parameter for controlling the fuel flow of the dual-mode scramjet.
The Medicines Repurposing Program – a critical perspective
Authors: Ghinea Narcyz
Published: May 2024

The Medicines Repurposing Program was launched on 1 March 2024. It provides a pathway for registering and subsidising off-label medicines of significant public health benefit but which sponsors have no financial incentive to pursue. This article provides a short overview and critical analysis of the program. One concern that emerges is that commercial sponsors still retain de facto veto power over which off-label uses are prioritised and so have the capacity to sway the process. Simple suggestions are proposed to help mitigate this risk.
Staphylococcus haemolyticus palm infection in an apparently healthy adult
Authors: Mohan Vathsala , Golledge Clay , Grasko Jonathan , Grasko Yael
Published: May 2024

A Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain has been isolated from the palm infection of an allied-health professional aged 35, who was otherwise healthy and without any known health issues. Microbial culture, MALDI-TOF species identification and susceptibility tests were included. The isolated strain was resistant to ampicillin and amoxycillin; however, the patient quickly responded after commencement of treatment with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim.
Landscape fragmentation overturns classical metapopulation thinking
Authors: Tao Yun , Hastings Alan , Lafferty Kevin D. , Hanski Ilkka , Ovaskainen Otso
Published: May 2024

Habitat loss and isolation caused by landscape fragmentation represent a growing threat to global biodiversity. Existing theory suggests that the process will lead to a decline in metapopulation viability. However, since most metapopulation models are restricted to simple networks of discrete habitat patches, the effects of real landscape fragmentation, particularly in stochastic environments, are not well understood. To close this major gap in ecological theory, we developed a spatially explicit, individual-based model applicable to realistic landscape structures, bridging metapopulation ecology and landscape ecology. This model reproduced classical metapopulation dynamics under conventional model assumptions, but on fragmented landscapes, it uncovered general dynamics that are in stark contradiction to the prevailing views in the ecological and conservation literature. Notably, fragmentation can give rise to a series of dualities: a) positive and negative responses to environmental noise, b) relative slowdown and acceleration in density decline, and c) synchronization and desynchronization of local population dynamics. Furthermore, counter to common intuition, species that interact locally (“residents”) were often more resilient to fragmentation than long-ranging “migrants.” This set of findings signals a need to fundamentally reconsider our approach to ecosystem management in a noisy and fragmented world.