bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The plight of women with cleft lips-A case report.
Authors: Mzezewa Salathiel Zhou
Published: September 2020

Abstract.A 32year old mother of two presented to our out-patient department complaining that she was fed up of being taunted, for her lip deformity and that this has now resulted in divorce. She stated that when ever she meets new people or she attends gatherings, people stare at her and children laugh at her. She also complained that her children are taunted by other children for her deformity. She said the situation got worse a short while ago when her sisters in law taunted their brother (her husband) for marrying a wife with a cleft lip, leading to divorce. She was therefore requesting an operation to correct her deformity.
Molecular and pathological characterisation of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus on Egyptian chicken farms during 2016–2018
Authors: Mousa Mohamed R. , Mohammed Faten F. , El-deeb Ayman H. , Khalefa Hanan Saad , Ahmed Kawkab A.
Published: September 2020

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) remains a constant threat to the poultry industry even with intensive vaccination programmes. In the present study, 40 samples were collected from farms showing high mortalities in some Egyptian governorates between 2016 and 2018. Tracheal samples were collected for virus isolation and confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Molecular characterisation was performed by sequencing, followed by phylogenetic analysis of the novel sequences. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on different organs from NDV-infected broilers. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NDV isolates from different areas of Egypt were genetically closely related and all belonged to genotype VII. The histopathological hallmarks included haemorrhagic tracheitis, interstitial pneumonia with syncytia formation, haemorrhagic proventriculitis, necrotising pancreatitis, pan-lymphoid depletion, non-suppurative encephalitis and nephritis. Immunological detection of NDV antigen clarified the widespread presence of viral antigen in different organs with severe lesions. The present study confirmed that a virulent NDV of genotype VII became the predominant strain, causing severe outbreaks in poultry farms in Egypt. The presence of viral antigen in different organs indicates the pantropic nature of the virus. Immunohistochemistry was a very useful diagnostic tool for the detection of NDV antigen.
Biochemical changes during ripening of cheeses in an animal skin
Authors: Tudor Kalit Milna , Lojbl Tihana , Rako Ante , Gün Ilhan , Kalit Samir
Published: September 2020

A few types of cheeses ripened in an animal skin sack are produced around the world: Sir iz mišine (Croatia), Sir iz mijeha (Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro), Tulum and Divle Cave (Turkey), Bouhezza (Algeria) and Darfiyeh (Lebanon). Pronounced and piquant taste, flavour and aroma of these cheeses originate from intensive lipolysis and proteolysis as a result of specific anaerobic conditions inside the skin
sack, autochthonous microorganisms from raw milk and skin, as well as their manufacturing procedure. The specific and complex biochemical changes that occur during ripening of cheeses in animal skin sacks have become of great interest to researchers, and numerous studies have been conducted over the last decade. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the specificities of proteolytic and lipolytic changes that occur
during ripening of cheese in the animal skin sack, which cause the characteristic volatile compounds profile. Moreover, the manufacturing procedures and physico-chemical properties of cheeses is shown due to their relationship with biochemical reactions during cheese ripening. As
biochemical changes during ripening directly influence sensory attributes of cheese, which determine consumer preference, this review could provide practical data for cheesemakers to prevent negative consequences of overly intensive biochemical changes during cheese ripening, and so improve the quality of this kind of cheeses.
Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) Perspfektif Etika Bisnis Islam
Authors: Komala Cucu
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah ingin mengetahui Integrated marketing communication (IMC) berdasarkan etika Islam. Etika Islam yang dimaksud berdasarkan etika yang dicontohkan Rasulullah SAW. Studi ini berpendapat bahwa Islam menawarkan paradigma paralel dalam menjalankan bisnis dan mengusulkan seperangkat prinsip yang berbeda yang dapat mengkonseptualisasikan bidang pemasaran dengan caranya sendiri. Metode penelitian ini merupakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi literatur bersumber dari jurnal, artikel dan sumber lainnya. Keberhasilan Rasulullah dalam berbisnis merupakan prototipe dalam berbisnis. Kunci dari bisnis Rasulullah berpangkal pada membangun komunikasi yang baik dengan konsumen mengedepankan nilai-nilai Islam pada pengenalan produk, harga, promosi dan tempat seperti kejujuran, amanah, adil, menjungjung tinggi hak konsumen sebagai pembeli produk. Kejujuran merupakan modal penting, apa yang dipromosikan harus sesuai dengan barang yang disajikan dengan kontrol harga tidak boleh berlebihan, dan penetapan harga dilarang.
Aplikasi Analisis Hirarki Proses pada Model Internal Rating Credit Line Bagi Bank Syariah
Authors: Afrilia Astri
Published: September 2020

Bank dalam menjalankan aktivitas bisnisnya senantiasa bersinggungan dengan risiko. Maka dari itu, diperlukan suatu sistem pemeringkatan internal sehingga bank dapat menyeleksi debitur maupun counterparty berdasarkan tingkat risikonya. Salah satu aktivitas bank adalah pemberian credit line bagi Bank Syariah di Indonesia.  Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk merumuskan model pemeringkatan credit line bagi Bank Syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode Analisis Hirarki Proses. Temuan penting penelitian ini adalah diperolehnya suatu model internal rating credit line bagi Bank Syariah yang selanjutnya dapat digunakan untuk membantu bank dalam menentukan kelayakan suatu Bank Syariah menjadi mitra bank berdasarkan tingkat risikonya.
Tipping off pruning and use of biofertilizer in the growth of pecan trees
Authors: Lange Junior Hélio , Martins Carlos Roberto , Schwartz Elisane , Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa
Published: September 2020

Abstract In Brazil, the cultivation of pecan trees has substantially increased in the last years, thus requiring the development of scientific research and technologies to improve it. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the tipping off effect associated with the use of biofertilizer in the growth of newly implanted plants in their final site. The treatments consisted of : control; application of “supermagro” biofertilizer; tipping off of plants, and tipping off associated with the use of biofertilizer. The variables evaluated were: plant height; plant growth rate; stem thickness; number of leaves, and number of leaves/stem height ratio. In addition, leaf nutrient content analysis was performed. Tipping off and the use of biofertilizer provide greater growth of the plant height and cultivar scion diameter after sprouting. Thus, tipping off associated with biofertilizer can be used in the early phase of the pecan orchard implantation to provide the best plant development.
Nutrients exportation in mandarin fruits managed in an organic production system in brazilian subtropics
Authors: Balerini Fabrício , Schwarz Sérgio Francisco , Bertol Felipe Dalla-Zen , Martins Amanda Posselt , Kubiszewski Tamara Silva , Bissani Carlos Alberto
Published: September 2020

Abstract The knowledge on the amount of nutrients exported by citrus fruit is an adequate tool to estimate nutrient demand reposition and this information about mandarin is very scarce. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the nutrient content and exportation by mandarin fruits harvest, in an orchard managed under organic production system. An experiment was carried out in an organic orchard of adult mandarin trees (23 years), located in Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil). The total content of macronutrients and micronutrients was determined in the mandarin fruits and the exportation was estimated by average yields in two seasons (2013/2014 and 2014/2015). The average exportation of macronutrient was 3.3, 2.3, 1.3, 0.4 and 0.3 kg t-1 for N, K, Ca, P and Mg, respectively; and of micronutrients was 6.3, 4.6, 1.5, 0.7 and 0.5 g t-1 for Fe, B, Zn, Mn and Cu, respectively. The N exportation in mandarin fruits does not comply with the current information used for citrus fertilizer recommendations, where the K is the nutrient most exported. Regarding micronutrients, besides the exported amounts vary among the literature, the magnitude order follows the same observed in our study. We propose these new standards for reposition of macronutrients and micronutrients in established mandarin orchards under organic management, contributing to a more accurate fertilizer recommendation.
Nexo: água, Clima, Energia e Meio Ambiente - Uma Perspectiva sobre o Empreendimento de Itataia-CE
Authors: Lima Ilma Ribeiro de , Silveira Cleiton da Silva , Vasconcelos Júnior Francisco das Chagas
Published: September 2020

Resumo A viabilidade hídrica do Complexo Industrial de exploração e beneficiamento de urânio e fosfato em Santa Quitéria - Ceará foi analisada a partir da relação nexo água, energia e clima. Para tanto, foram usadas projeções de precipitação, evapotranspiração e vazão adotanto os modelos globais do Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5, utilizados no quinto relatório do Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC-AR5). Dados da matriz energética do Ceará também foram considerados com o intuito de verificar o aumento da demanda energética do estado e a analisar o impacto da sua produção frente aos recursos hídircos. Os modelos divergem quanto ao futuro das precipitações, mas a maioria assinala um aumento da evapotranspiração nos três períodos projetados (2015 - 2044, 2045 - 2074 e 2075 a 2099) nos dois cenários escolhidos (RCP4.5 e RCP8.5) indicando um possível aumento da demanda hídrica para a região.
Induced volatiles in the interaction between soybean (Glycine max) and the Mexican soybean weevil (Rhyssomatus nigerrimus)
Authors: Espadas-Pinacho K. , López-Guillén G. , Gómez-Ruiz J. , Cruz-López L.
Published: September 2020

Abstract The present study analyzed the volatile compounds emitted by Glycine max (cv. FT-Cristalina-RCH) soybean plants: healthy plants and plants damaged mechanically or by the Mexican soybean weevil Rhyssomatus nigerrimus. The SPME method was used to compare the volatile profile of soybean plants in four different conditions. The volatile profile of G. max plants infested by R. nigerrimus was qualitatively and quantitatively different from that of healthy and mechanically damaged plants. Emission of 59 compounds was detected in the four treatments. Of these compounds, 19 were identified by comparison of the Kovats index, mass spectrum and retention times with those of synthetic standards. An increase in concentration of the volatiles (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and the compound 1-octen-3-ol was observed when the soybean plants were mechanically damaged. The compounds mostly produced by the soybean plant during infestation by male and female R. nigerrimus were 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, (E)-β-ocimene, salicylaldehyde, unknown 10, linalool, methyl salicylate, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (ester 5), ketone 2 and geranyl acetone. Behavioral effects of the identified compounds during the insect-plant interaction and their conspecifics are discussed.
LEARNING, STRATEGIZING, AND ORGANIZATIONAL ROUTINES IN THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FROM A DYNAMIC CAPABILITY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: MELO GERMANA T. , MACHADO ANDRÉ G. C.
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Purpose: To understand how learning, the constituent elements of strategizing and organizational routines act in the process of product development, from the perspective of dynamic capabilities (DC), in a company of the food sector. Originality/value: To the extent that the learning-practice-routine trinomial is addressed, the results of this research present new and enlightening insights for the understanding of how dynamic capabilities are developed. Additionally, by considering the role of practitioners in the constitution of routines and by identifying how they relate to practices and praxis, evidence advance knowledge on the subject. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative approach through the selection of a company that has worked overtime in the development of new products. The data were collected through non-participant observation, documentary analysis, and narrative interview. Data analysis occurred through narrative analysis. Findings: Through the appropriation of practices and the institutionalization of praxis, the strategic routines are enacted by practitioners, who accumulate and generate learning capable of developing DC. Thus, the learning-practice-routine trinomial allows to reveal how the DC are developed. In addition, the important role that practitioners play in this process was evidenced in the sense that, without them, routines are not enacted and, consequently, there is no development of DC.
Predictive values of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Aksoy Fatih , Uysal Dinçer , Ibrişim Erdogan
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the newly defined C-Reactive Protein (CRP)/Albumin Ratio (CAR) in determining the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in comparison with other inflammatory markers, such as Neutrophil/Lymphocyte (N/L) Ratio and Platelet/Lymphocyte (P/L) Ratio, in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery. METHODS The population of this observational study consisted of 415 patients undergoing CABG. The study cohort was subdivided into two groups based on the development of AF. Complete blood counts, serum CRP, and serum albumin levels were evaluated before the CABG. The CAR, N/L, and P/L ratios of all the patients were calculated. Predictors of postoperative AF were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis (MLRA). RESULTS During follow-up, 136 patients (32.8%) developed postoperative AF. With MLRA, independent risk factors for postoperative AF were determined as follows: fasting glucose level (OR: 1.01; 95 % CI: 1.00-1.01, P <0.001), age (OR: 1.12; 95 % CI: 1.07-1.17, P <0.001), left ventricle ejection fraction (OR: 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.87-0.94, P <0.001), male gender (OR: 3.32; 95 % CI: 1.39-7.90, P = 0.007), 24-hour drainage amount (OR: 1.004; 95 % CI: 1.002-1.005, P <0.001), and CAR (OR: 1.82; 95 % CI: 1.53-2.16, P <0.001). Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis showed that CAR (C-statistic: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.71-0.79, p< 0.001) was a significant predictor of AF. CONCLUSION Novel inflammatory marker CAR can be used as a reliable marker to predict the development of AF following CABG.
Adhesion molecules before and after propylthiouracil in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism
Authors: Bilgir Ferda , Bilgir Oktay , Akan Ozden Yildirim , Demir Ismail
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of propylthiouracil treatment on adhesion molecules in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism. METHODS In this study, a total of 168 patients diagnosed with subclinical hyperthyroidism were treated with propylthiouracil for one year. The levels of adhesion molecules, consisting of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-Selectin, before and after the treatment were measured and compared. These results were compared with the levels of 148 healthy controls who received a placebo. RESULTS sICAM-1 levels were significantly higher in subclinical hyperthyroidism patients than in healthy controls (*pa=0.000). sICAM-1 levels were significantly decreased after the treatment (**pb=0.000). Despite this decrease in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism, it did not decrease to the level of the control group. sVCAM-1 did not change before and after propylthiouracil treatment. The level of sE-selectin was similar to that of the pretreatment control group, but it did not have statistical significance, although it increased after the treatment (**pb=0.004). CONCLUSION The sICAM level was significantly higher than the pretreatment values and decreased after the propylthiouracil treatment. However, further studies are needed to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and cancer in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
Hematological detraining-related changes among elderly individuals with high blood pressure
Authors: Cancela José M. , Sanchez-Lastra Miguel A. , Camôes Miguel , Bezerra Pedro
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY AIM The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of detraining on physical performance, blood pressure, biologic and anthropometric variables of hypertensive elderly individuals, grouped by two levels of previous physical activity. METHODS A total of 87 elderly individuals (70 to 93 years old) with systolic/diastolic blood pressure levels above 120/80 mmHg who participated during 18 non-consecutive months in 2 years in physical exercise programs offered in northern Portugal communities were included in the study. Tests were performed before and after three months of no exercise. Attendance to the exercise sessions, hematological markers, cardiorespiratory function, and anthropometric variables were assessed. The results were analyzed according to the fulfillment of the WHO recommendations on moderate physical activity (at least 150 minutes/week). RESULTS Weight, total cholesterol, and glucose were influenced by the amount of physical activity performed previously to the detraining period. After the detraining period, the total cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and weight had significant differences influenced by the amount of physical activity previously performed (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The number of minutes per week of aerobic and resistance exercise training over 18 non-consecutive months was not a significant determinant factor in the development of hypertension during the three months of detraining.
Comparison of saliva and oro-nasopharyngeal swab sample in the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Güçlü Ertuğrul , Koroglu Mehmet , Yürümez Yusuf , Toptan Hande , Kose Elif , Güneysu Fatih , Karabay Oğuz
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY BACKGROUND Healthcare personnel are at risk of becoming infected while taking upper and/or lower respiratory tract specimens. Therefore, there is a need for sampling methods that do not risk infecting them. In this study, we aimed to compare the saliva and Oro-Nasopharyngeal Swab (ONS) sampling methods. METHODS Patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 included patients whose diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Group 2 included patients with COVID-19 compatible findings in lung computed tomography (CT), but with a negative PCR. Group 3 included patients who presented to the emergency department with COVID-19 compatible complaints but had normal CT. Saliva and ONS samples were taken on the third day of hospitalization in groups 1 and 2, whereas in group 3, they were taken at the time of admission to the hospital. RESULTS A total of 64 patients were included in the study. The average age was 51.04 ± 17.9 years, and 37 (57.8%) were male. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 27 (42.2%) patients’ saliva samples. While the sensitivity and positive predictive value of saliva samples were 85.2%, specificity and negative predictive value were 89.2%. The value of kappa was in substantial agreement (0.744), and it was found statistically significant (<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Saliva samples can be used instead of ONS samples in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Investigating SARS-CoV-2 with saliva is cheaper, easier for the patient and overall, and, most importantly, it poses much less risk of SARS-CoV-2 contamination to healthcare personnel.
Entre riscos e ameaças: independência e controle do Tribunal de Contas da União na Assembleia Constituinte de 1988
Authors: Fonseca Thiago do Nascimento
Published: September 2020

Resumo Por que atores políticos correriam o risco de ser controlados no futuro por instituições independentes de combate à corrupção? O artigo pretende explicar o que motiva políticos a conferir maior independência e poder a essas instituições, sob o risco de serem controlados no futuro. Por meio do método process tracing , o artigo sistematiza evidências quanto à aprovação do desenho institucional do Tribunal de Contas da União no Processo Constituinte de 1988. Os resultados indicam que, independentemente das preferências dos políticos, instituições de combate à corrupção conquistam maior poder por meio de ameaças à sobrevivência política dos atores em contextos de incerteza futura. O diagnóstico questiona se instituições independentes de combate à corrupção são o produto de disputas democráticas, visto que nem sempre são resultado direto da preferência majoritária de representantes eleitos.
A demanda como determinante na execução dos serviços socioassistenciais nos municípios brasileiros
Authors: D'Albuquerque Raquel , Sátyro Natália
Published: September 2020

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é explorar a configuração geral da entrega dos serviços socioassistenciais de proteção básica nos municípios brasileiros, situada no debate sobre a implementação de políticas sociais. Busca as grandes tendências da entrega de serviços no nível local com a análise da distribuição no plano macro, considerando que esse critério não é dado pelo Executivo central, mas é determinado no contexto local. Na ausência de estudos dessa natureza, adota-se um desenho de grounded theory e uso de análises quantitativas para aferir a relação entre a execução dos serviços socioassistenciais e a expressão de demanda de quem os recebe ou pode receber. Os resultados sugerem um comportamento discricionário diante do tamanho da demanda que molda o tipo de serviço oferecido: áreas de alta demanda priorizam serviços coletivos e áreas de menor demanda priorizam atendimentos individuais.
Ação afirmativa e desejabilidade social
Authors: Burle Fernanda Rivera , Turgeon Mathieu
Published: September 2020

As políticas de ação afirmativa implementadas nas universidades públicas no Brasil abrangem três principais grupos: alunos de escolas públicas, alunos de baixa renda e alunos negros e indígenas. Opiniões sobre essa modalidade de política de ação afirmativa mais ampla, especialmente se mensuradas por perguntas diretas, podem ser enviesadas por um efeito de desejabilidade social. Este artigo procura entender se atitudes sobre diferentes tipos de políticas de ação afirmativa são propensas a um efeito de desejabilidade social e quais são os determinantes desse efeito. Para mensurar esse efeito e seus determinantes, um experimento de lista foi aplicado a 12.490 estudantes universitários em 2013. Os resultados revelam que as opiniões sobre os três tipos de políticas de ação afirmativa são propensas a um efeito de desejabilidade social. Ademais, encontramos evidências de que tanto dois determinantes individuais (interesse próprio e preconceito em relação ao grupo-alvo) como um determinante contextual (áreas de conhecimento do curso universitário) explicam o efeito de desejabilidade social.
Efectos del tratamiento periodístico sesgado ideológicamente en el procesamiento cognitivo de información política. Un abordaje experimental
Authors: García Ana Pamela Paz , Brussino Silvina , Alonso Daniela
Published: September 2020

Reconociendo las condiciones de polarización del mercado mediático actual, se abordan características salientes del procesamiento cognitivo de información política textual de importancia coyuntural (noticias de prensa reales de fuentes ideológicas contrastantes). Aplicando un diseño experimental inter-sujetos de grupos aleatorios (con una variable independiente que asume cuatro niveles) sin grupo control, se analizan los efectos del tratamiento periodístico sesgado ideológicamente sobre el procesamiento informativo de audiencias locales y se valora el rol modulador de las variables necesidad de cognición y auto-posicionamiento ideológico. Entre los resultados principales, se confirma un patrón pro-actitudinal y un mayor tiempo de exposición ante fuentes no familiares, junto a una conexión entre percepción de sesgo, valoración del tema y opinión sobre la fuente variable en función del auto-posicionamiento, entre otros factores que evidencian una lógica selectiva de consumo auto-referente y defensivo.
Feedback Challenges in the Formative Assessment of the Interinstitutional Program of Teaching-Service-Community Interaction: the Students’ Perspective
Authors: Miranda Guilherme Roberto Naves , Pessoa Tályta Freitas , Marco Lilian Bianca Miller Martelo de , Borges Arthur Carlos Bernardes , Neves Breno Lima Silva , Miotto Igor Alves , Ribeiro Matheus Alves Pedroso , Lorenzon Luiza Engel , Marques Maira Vilagra
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Introduction: This present study assesses the use of the feedback mechanism in the formative assessment during medical training, considering this instrument is of great importance for this training stimulation, which is based on active teaching methodologies. The study aims to characterize the application of this tool and to identify possible failures in its application in the daily routine of the PINESC module in the Anhanguera University (Uniderp) medical course. Method: This is a quantitative, sectional research, including students from the first to the eighth semesters of the medical course, attending the PINESC longitudinal module. In the data collection, a questionnaire was used with questions related to the formative assessment performed by the preceptors, which is reported to the students according to the sample calculation. The feedback is the core activity of the formative assessment and allows the development of reflective and self-evaluation capacities and the development of skills. However, the use of feedback still faces barriers, mainly due to the difficulty of the evaluators in listing negative points and capabilities of the evaluated individuals. Result: In this study, some shortcomings and positive points were reported regarding the application process of this tool, listing and suggesting improvements for a better use of feedback and thus a more favorable academic achievement. Conclusion: In conclusion, as the basis of formative evaluation, the feedback still shows many weaknesses regarding its form and application.
DISCONTINUATION RATES FOLLOWING A SWITCH FROM A REFERENCE TO A BIOSIMILAR BIOLOGIC IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: QUEIROZ Natália Sousa Freitas , SAAD-HOSSNE Rogerio , FRÓES Renata de Sá Brito , PENNA Francisco Guilherme Cancela e , GABRIEL Stefania Burjack , MARTINS Adalberta Lima , TEIXEIRA Fabio Vieira
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Biologics have revolutionized the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, these drugs had a significant influence on treatment-related costs, which resulted in the development of biosimilars. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the drug discontinuation rate in the IBD population who switched from originator to biosimilars in real-world switching studies and address potential nocebo effects as reasons for drug discontinuation. METHODS: Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and abstract databases of selected congresses were screened for reports of monoclonal antibody (mAb) switching with a minimum post-switch follow-up of >6 months or three infusions. All available information on discontinuation rates was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 30 observational studies were included, involving 3,594 patients with IBD. Twenty-six studies reported a switch from infliximab to CT-P13, two studies involved a switch to SB2, and switching information was not available in two studies. The discontinuation rates were 8%, 14%, and 21% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The main reasons for drug discontinuation and their respective risks were: disease worsening (2%), remission (4%), loss of adherence (4%), adverse events (5%), and loss of response (7%). The quality of the evidence ranged from low to very low depending on the outcome analyzed. Subjective symptoms leading to drug discontinuation were infrequently reported, and the nocebo effect was clearly assessed in just one of the included papers. CONCLUSION: Discontinuation rates following a switch to a biosimilar in patients with IBD increase over time. However, it was not possible to confirm the nocebo effect as a reason for discontinuation. Therefore, long-term studies evaluating the use of biosimilars to monitor adverse events and potential nocebo effects in post-marketing surveillance are still needed.
IMPACT OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY STAGING ON PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS
Authors: SCHACHER Fernando C , MATTOS Angelo A , MULAZZANI Carolina M , DETANICO Rafaela B , FAVERO Bruna , FONSECA Bárbara B , FELIX Patricia H , PASE Tales Henrique S , KUPSKI Carlos , MACHADO Marta B , CORAL Gabriela P , WILTGEN Denusa , MATTOS Angelo Z
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication of cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of AKI staging on 30-day mortality of patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed according to the International Club of Ascites recommendations and staged according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines. Comparisons between groups were made by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. Chi-square was calculated for dichotomous variables. Comparisons of renal impairment status among patients were performed using Kaplan-Meier statistics and differences between groups were analyzed using the log-rank test. A P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-two patients were included in the study. The diagnosis of AKI was performed in 98 (42.2%) of them. The overall 30-day mortality was 19.8% (46/232). Mortality increased as the degree of AKI progressed. Among patients who did not have AKI, mortality was 5.2% (7/134). When compared to patients without AKI, patients diagnosed with AKI stage 1a had mortality of 12.1% (4/33, P=0.152); patients with AKI stage 1b had mortality of 45% (18/40, P<0.001); and patients with AKI stages 2 or 3 had mortality of 68% (17/25, P<0.001). Moreover, it is noteworthy that full response to treatment was associated to a decreased mortality when compared to patients who did not show complete recovery of renal function (14.3% vs 57.9%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: AKI stages 1b or greater, but not AKI stage 1a, are associated to higher 30-day mortality of patients with cirrhosis.
Checklist of parasites in fish from the upper Paraná River floodplain: An update
Authors: Lehun Atsler Luana , Hasuike Wagner Toshio , Silva João Otávio Santos , Ciccheto Juliana Rosa Matias , Michelan Gabriela , Rodrigues Aparecida de Fátima Cracco , Nicola Danilo Nunes , Lima Lucas Duarte de , Correia Amanda Nardi , Takemoto Ricardo Massato
Published: September 2020

Abstract This study provides an updated list of parasite species and their respective hosts in the upper Paraná River floodplain. The list of parasites is structured by phylum, class, order and family, followed by a record of each host species. A total of 315 taxa of parasites were reported, of which 201 were identified at the species level. These 201 species comprise 3 Flagellata, 3 Myxozoa, 50 Monogenea, 43 Digenea, 40 Cestoda, 41 Nematoda, 8 Acanthocephala, 6 Copepoda, 5 Branchiura and 2 Pentastomida, arranged in 84 host fish species. This work carried out in the floodplain of the upper Paraná River contributes to the listing of parasite species and host interactions of the local ichthyofauna. Little is known about these communities and its riches are underestimated due to the high density of fish found in this region, highlighting the importance of conducting studies on the local fauna.
Cardiovascular Risk After Adjuvant Trastuzumab in Early Breast Cancer: An Italian Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Franchi Matteo , Trama Annalisa , Merlo Ivan , Minicozzi Pamela , Tarantini Luigi , Garau Donatella , Kirchmayer Ursula , Di Martino Mirko , Romero Marilena , De Carlo Ilenia , Scondotto Salvatore , Apolone Giovanni , Corrao Giovanni ,   on behalf of the FABIO working group
Published: September 2020

Background

Although trastuzumab (T) represents the standard of care for the adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer, contrasting results are available about the cardiac toxicity associated to its use. We conducted a multiregional population-based cohort investigation aimed to assess both the short- and long-term cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in women with early breast cancer treated with T-based or standard adjuvant chemotherapy (CT).

Materials and Methods

We used health care use databases of six Italian regions, overall accounting for 42% of the Italian population. The study cohort was made by all women surgically treated for breast cancer who started a first-line adjuvant T-based or CT treatment. Patients treated with T were 1:2 matched to those treated with CT based on date of treatment start, age, and presence of CV risk factors. Short- and long-term CV outcomes (heart failure and cardiomyopathy) were measured, respectively, after 1 year and at the end of follow-up.

Results

Among 28,599 women who met the inclusion criteria, 6,208 T users were matched to 12,416 CT users. After a mean follow-up of 5.88 years, short- and long-term cumulative CV risk were 0.8% and 2.6% in patients treated with T and 0.2% and 2.8% in those treated with CT, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios were 4.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–8.0) for short-term and 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9–1.6) for long-term CV risk.

Discussion

In our large real-world investigation, T-associated cardiotoxicity was limited to the treatment period. The addition of T to adjuvant CT did not result in long-term worsening of CV events.
PARP Inhibitors and Prostate Cancer: To Infinity and BeyondBRCA
Authors: Risdon Emily N. , Chau Cindy H. , Price Douglas K. , Sartor Oliver , Figg William D.
Published: September 2020

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved two poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, olaparib and rucaparib, for treatment of biomarker-positive metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. The benefits of PARP inhibition have been well characterized in patients who have BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in several forms of cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 occupy key roles in DNA damage repair, which is comprised of several different pathways with numerous participants. Patients with mutations in other key genes within the DNA damage repair pathway may also respond to treatment with PARP inhibitors, and identification of these alterations could significantly increase the percentage of patients that may benefit from PARP inhibition. This review focuses on the potential for synthetically lethal interactions between PARP inhibitors and non-BRCA DNA damage repair genes.

Implications for Practice

The treatment potential of PARP inhibition has been well characterized in patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, but there is compelling evidence for expanding the use of PARP inhibitors to mutations of other non-BRCA DNA damage repair (DDR) genes. This could increase the percentage of patients that may benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors alone or in combination with other therapies. Understanding the significance of PARP inhibitor-sensitizing alterations in other common non-BRCA DDR genes will help guide clinical decisions to provide targeted treatment options to a wider population of patients.
A Phase I Trial of Trametinib in Combination with Sorafenib in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Cancer
Authors: Kim Richard , Tan Elaine , Wang Emily , Mahipal Amit , Chen Dung-Tsa , Cao Biwei , Masawi Fadzai , Machado Cindy , Yu James , Kim Dae Won
Published: September 2020

Lessons Learned

The combination of trametinib and sorafenib has an acceptable safety profile, albeit at doses lower than approved for monotherapy. Maximum tolerated dose is trametinib 1.5 mg daily and sorafenib 200 mg twice daily. The limited anticancer activity observed in this unselected patient population does not support further exploration of trametinib plus sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background

The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is associated with proliferation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Preclinical data suggest that paradoxical activation of the MAPK pathway may be one of the resistance mechanisms of sorafenib; therefore, we evaluated trametinib plus sorafenib in HCC.

Methods

This was a phase I study with a 3+3 design in patients with treatment-naïve advanced HCC. The primary objective was safety and tolerability. The secondary objective was clinical efficacy.

Results

A total of 17 patients were treated with three different doses of trametinib and sorafenib. Two patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity, including grade 4 hypertension and grade 3 elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/bilirubin over 7 days. Maximum tolerated dose was trametinib 1.5 mg daily and sorafenib 200 mg twice a day. The most common grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were elevated AST (37%) and hypertension (24%). Among 11 evaluable patients, 7 (63.6%) had stable disease with no objective response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.7 and 7.8 months, respectively. Phosphorylated-ERK was evaluated as a pharmacodynamic marker, and sorafenib plus trametinib inhibited phosphorylated-ERK up to 98.1% (median: 81.2%) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Conclusion

Trametinib and sorafenib can be safely administered up to trametinib 1.5 mg daily and sorafenib 200 mg twice a day with limited anticancer activity in advanced HCC.
New insights into the failure mechanisms of horizontal plate anchors in clay during pull-out
Authors: Jalilvand Soroosh , Gavin Kenneth , Sivakumar Vinayagamoothy , Gilbert Robert B. , Bradshaw Aaron
Published: September 2020

Offshore wind developments are moving towards deep-water regions where energy is abundant, visual impact is minimised and the larger turbine sizes can make the energy production more cost-effective. One of the key challenges facing the industry is the development of reliable substructures. While fixed foundation systems are widely used for shallow-water (<60 m) developments, permanent anchors are seen as one of the most viable mooring solutions for floating structures in deep water. In the current study, the pull-out behaviour of square plate anchors in clay was investigated using large-displacement finite-element analysis. The anchor capacity and failure mechanism were considered for a range of embedment ratios and undrained shear strengths. Three distinct modes of anchor failure identified in previous studies were examined through the analysis of four descriptors including: the pull-out capacity of the anchor, the pull-out displacement required to mobilise this capacity, the energy absorbed by the anchor during pull-out and the variation of the pull-out capacity with respect to a normalised overburden pressure. The findings of the study are presented in the form of a series of charts that can aid design through understanding of the factors controlling the development of anchor failure modes, in addition to identifying the transition point between different failure mechanisms.
Optimization of the S-Rotor Savonius Wind Turbine
Authors: YİĞİT Cemil
Published: September 2020

In this study, 2D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was used to investigate the optimum working conditions of the S-Rotor Savonius (S-RS) wind turbine and to determine the most suitable geometry. The CFD model has been validated by studies on the S-RS wind turbine in the literature. The sliding mesh method which uses a mesh motion was utilized to perform the numerical study. CFD analysis was carried out under various tip-speed ratio at 4 m/s airspeed for the S-RS wind turbine which has a frontal swept area of approximately 0.3 m2. Within the scope of the optimization study, aspect-ratio (AR) and overlap ratio (OR) of the S-RS wind turbine's rotor in the fixed frontal swept area were taken as parameters. The geometry of the S-rotor has been optimized using the Ansys/Response Surface Optimization (RSO) tool. Under the constraints in which the optimization study was carried out, aerodynamic efficiency was obtained as %22.19 at 0.848 AR and 0.068 OR. This yield is significant when the efficiency of S-RS’s wind turbine is taken into consideration.
7. SINIF “MADDENİN YAPISI VE ÖZELLİKLERİ” ÜNİTESİ KAZANIMLARINA İLİŞKİN ÖĞRETMEN DÜŞÜNCELERİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: İNCE AKA Elvan , SERT ÇIBIK Ayşe , NURAYDIN Hümeyra
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin 2013 Fen Bilimleri Dersi Öğretim Programı’ndaki ”Maddenin Yapısı ve Özellikleri” ünitesi kazanımlarına ilişkin düşüncelerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Öğretmenlerin düşünceleri; cinsiyet, mesleki kıdem, öğrenim durumu, mezuniyet branşı, programa ilişkin hizmet içi eğitim kursuna katılma durumu ve mezun oldukları fakülte değişkenlerine göre incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, 2015-2016 ile 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Ankara ilinde bulunan ortaokullarda görevli 115, Adana ve Şanlıurfa illerinde bulunan ortaokullarda görevli 88 fen bilimleri öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Tarama (survey) modelinin kullanıldığı çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgiler Formu ile Öğretmenlerin Düşüncelerini Belirleme Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin ”Maddenin Yapısı ve Özellikleri” ünitesi kazanımlarına ilişkin düşüncelerinin illere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği ve bu farklılığın Adana ve Şanlıurfa illerindeki öğretmenler lehine olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan düşüncelerin çalışmada ele alınan diğer değişkenler açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte kazanımların “ulaşılabilir” özellikte olduğu belirlenmiştir.
USE OF MOBILE DEVICE LANGUAGE LEARNING APPLICATIONS BY TURKISH SPEAKING ADULTS: A SURVEY STUDY
Authors: YILDIZ Senem
Published: September 2020

Foreign language education is going under constant change. Mobile technologies have gained significant momentum in foreign language education in recent years with their unique features and affordances. A large number of mobile apps have been specifically designed, created, and used for teaching foreign languages. Although these apps seem to be ubiquitous, much remains unknown with regard to their actual usage as self-directed materials. This paper reports and discusses the results of a survey study that aimed to investigate adult Turkish speaking mobile device owners’ experiences with and reasons for foreign language teaching app use/nonuse, perceived effectiveness, strengths and weaknesses of apps, and suggestions for improving language teaching apps. The survey included close-ended and open-ended questions and are analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis methods. Results showed that mobile language learning applications are perceived to have a strong potential to overcome the constraints in front of language learning such as time, space, linguistic input. Apps can personalize instruction by taking into account the needs of different students and increase the motivation of learning with features such as gamification. However, it was also observed that learners rarely used mobile technologies used to enable a more communication-based and collaborative language learning experience.
An insight into osteoarthritis susceptibility: Integration of immunological and genetic background
Authors: Stefik Debora , Vranic Vladimir , Ivkovic Nemanja , Abazovic Dzihan , Maric Dusan , Vojvodic Danilo , Supic Gordana
Published: September 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease that affects all synovial joints, causing the disability of the main locomotor diarthrodial joints. OA pathogenesis is caused by a complex interplay between a number of genetic and environmental risk factors, involved in the early onset and progression of this chronic inflammatory joint disease. Uncovering the underlying immunological and genetic mechanisms will enable an insight into OA pathophysiology and lead to novel and integrative approaches in the treatment of OA patients, together with a reduction of the disease risk, or a delay of its onset in susceptible patients.
Centrally Decentralising? Analysing Key Policies and Pathways in Norway’s Electricity Transitions
Authors: Inderberg Tor Håkon Jackson
Published: September 2020

With national electricity systems, ‘transition’ may involve decentralising production and ownership, and digitalising the system. These processes are facilitated by smart metering, ‘prosuming,’ and changes in consumer behaviour. Driving factors may be national steering, or the process can be left to the market. In Norway, the government has opted for tightly steered national coordination of three key areas: national smart-meter implementation (since 2011), prosumer regulation (since 2016), and a national end-user demand flexibility regulation (expected to be adopted in 2020). These regulations influence production patterns, energy flows and grid activities. Drawing on organisational fields theory, this article asks: Why was it decided to adopt these policies centrally? Which actors have had greatest influence on policy outputs? And, finally, what of the possible implications? The regulations, developed in a sector in a state of field crisis, have generally been supported by the relevant actors. The Norwegian case can help to explain incumbent roles and field crisis, as well as nuanced drivers in complex transitions, beyond decarbonisation.
A RARE CASE OF CHANGE OF POSITION OF THE PRESENTED HEAD IN THE PELVIC CAVITY DURING LABOR
Authors: Prokopyev G.
Published: September 2020

In the past 1892, several interesting cases were observed in the maternity ward of the Kharkov obstetric clinic. One of these cases I had to carry out, with the permission of the deeply respected professor N.F. Tolochinov, I find it worthwhile to describe, since it presents some, rare and little known, features regarding the mechanism of childbirth. In this case, there was the so-called posterooccipital presentation, in which there was a change in the position of the head, which had already descended into the pelvic cavity.
Antecedentes da psicoloxía infantil en Galicia
Authors: García Soto Xosé Ramón
Published: September 2020

O Seminario de Estudos Galegos fundouse en 1923 coa intención de dotar a Galicia dunha institución de investigación multidisciplinar, capaz de abranguer todas as áreas de coñecemento. Un dos seus obxectivos foi promover a renovación da educación mediante a investigación. Con esta fin, en 1933 e 1934 establecéronse a Sección de Pedagoxía e o Laboratorio de Psicotecnia. Aínda que a súa actividade detívose co golpe de Estado de 1936, pode considerarse o momento inicial da psicoloxía escolar e infantil en Galicia. Este artigo presenta as ideas e realizacións da Sección de Pedagoxía e o Laboratorio de Psicotecnia.