bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transpacific Maladies
Authors: Byrnes Corey
Published: October 2020

This article centers on cultures of anxiety and threat across the Pacific. Threat is an especially useful category for writing about a “rising” China, which is often imagined both as a site of localized environmental ruination that prefigures imminent global collapse and as a source of contamination that easily crosses national borders. Particularly in the global North, China has become a focal point for ecoanxieties that are shadowed by longer histories of perceived racial and cultural threat. This article confronts the idea of China as threat by investigating representational cultures across the Pacific. It focuses on a series of recent events mediated through textual and visual forms that unfold as a contemporary ethical drama between species—the human and the pig: the 2009 swine flu pandemic, a 2013 episode in which thousands of pig carcasses were found floating in Shanghai’s Huangpu River, and the 2013 purchase of Smithfield Foods, one of America’s biggest pork producers, by the Chinese conglomerate Shuanghui. To understand the movement between the representation of threat and the violent responses that flare up in its wake, one must pay attention not only to quantifiable risks but also to the cultural forms that characterize anxiety in the Anthropocene. Ultimately, what is at stake is not just geopolitical relations or public health but also the lives and deaths of the animals that are so often slaughtered to protect humans.
Artists as Workers
Authors: Praznik Katja
Published: October 2020

This article offers a contribution to the political economy of creative labor in socialist Yugoslavia, tracing the emergence of a socialist entrepreneur from the shell of an art worker. It discusses shifts in economic policies that restructured the economic and material conditions of art workers from models based on welfare in the early socialist period to a freelance and self-employment labor model implemented during the last decade of Yugoslav socialism. Linking socialist political economy with the study of art, the article analyzes legal regulation and rare artists’ interventions concerning the material conditions for artistic labor to animate the political critique of relationship between art and labor. The study of Yugoslav art workers’ demise reveals the detrimental effects of the bourgeois ideology of autonomy and creativity. Informed by feminist critique of reproductive labor, the argument is based on an analogy between housework and artistic labor to uncover mutual mechanisms of naturalization and economic disavowal of these types of labor. The author demonstrates that, unlike the ways in which reproductive labor is devalued, the exceptionality of creative work and the unique status of artists, which socialism maintained and glorified, made their form of labor vulnerable to exploitation and disavowal. The dissolution of labor identity of artists pitched creativity and subsistence against each other and became significant for neoliberal exploitation of artistic labor after the violent destruction of socialist Yugoslavia in 1991. Separating art from subsistence in the interest of articulating the value of artistic autonomy reintroduced false dichotomies and situated art at the heart of twenty-first-century forms of capitalist exploitation.
Fragile Faith
Authors: Steinmetz Uwe
Published: October 2020

Jazz, today a broadly defined, global form of improvised music, remains a music between heaven and earth, with its roots in both nightclubs and churches. Jazz can be dance music, as well as music that triggers emotions, memories, and subjective images. It can also lead to experiences of transcendence. In which ways, though, do jazz artists connect their spiritual and religious experiences and beliefs with their individual musical language? In contrast to Western, composed sacred music, jazz generates religious meaning through its improvisatory practices, which unfold differently in each performance, depending on the performers, listeners, and performance spaces. Often, jazz musicians feel the poetic quality of their music to reside in the ambiguity and “fragile” religiosity of their music. This article discusses from a historical and contemporary perspective the “fragilization” processes at work in religiously inspired jazz. It distinguishes different levels of religious meaning, purpose, and spiritual experience. In so doing, it explores productive resonances between the characteristics of jazz and Paul Corrigan’s definition of “postsecular” American poetry written in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
Mitochondrial survivin reduces oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells by inhibiting mitophagy
Authors: Townley Amelia R. , Wheatley Sally P.
Published: October 2020

Survivin (also known as BIRC5) is a cancer-associated protein that is pivotal for cellular life and death – it is an essential mitotic protein and an inhibitor of apoptosis. In cancer cells, a small pool of survivin localises to the mitochondria, the function of which remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that mitochondrial survivin inhibits the selective form of autophagy called ‘mitophagy’, causing an accumulation of respiratory-defective mitochondria. Mechanistically, the data reveal that survivin prevents recruitment of the E3-ubiquitin ligase Parkin to mitochondria and their subsequent recognition by the autophagosome. The data also demonstrate that cells in which mitophagy has been blocked by survivin expression have an increased dependency on glycolysis. As these effects were found exclusively in cancer cells, they suggest that the primary act of mitochondrial survivin is to steer cells towards the implementation of the Warburg transition by inhibiting mitochondrial turnover, which enables them to adapt and survive.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Efficient Transesterification of Methyl Acetate with 2-Propanol by the Selective Removal of Methanol Using Zeolite Membranes
Authors: Ikeda Ayumi , Hasegawa Yasuhisa
Published: October 2020

An FAU-type zeolite membrane was applied to the efficient transesterification of methyl acetate with 2-propanol. When the transesterification reaction was carried out using DOWEX 50W as a catalyst, the conversion of methyl acetate reached 38% at equilibrium. Removal of the by-produced methanol selectively from the equilibration solution using the FAU-type zeolite membrane increased the conversion of methyl acetate to 57% by shifting the chemical equilibrium. This suggests that methanol-selective membranes have the potential to promote efficient transesterification reactions.
Diagnostic accuracy of a urine dipstick for detecting albuminuria in hypertensive patients
Authors: Panta Phornwipa , Techakehakij Win
Published: October 2020

Background: Screening for albuminuria is generally recommended among patients with hypertension. While the urine dipstick is commonly used for screening urine albumin, there is little evidence about its diagnostic accuracy among these patients. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a dipstick in Thai hypertensive patients for detecting albuminuria.

Methods: This study collected the data of 3,067 hypertensive patients, with the results of urine dipstick and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) from random single spot urine being examined in the same day at least once, at Lampang Hospital, Thailand, during 2018. For ACR, a reference standard of ≥ 30 mg/g was applied to indicate the presence of albuminuria.

Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value of the trace result from dipsticks were 53.6%, 94.5%, 86.5%, and 75.5%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the dipstick was 0.748.

Conclusion: Using the dipstick for screening albuminuria among hypertensive patients should not be recommended due to its low sensitivity. In response to high PPV, a trace threshold of the dipstick may be used to indicate presence of albuminuria.
Post-COVID recovery: characteristics of chronically critically ill patients admitted to a long-term acute care hospital
Authors: Hassenpflug Meg Stearn , Jun Dale , Nelson David R. , Dolinay Tamas
Published: October 2020

Background: Survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia often suffer from chronic critical illness (CCI) and require long-term hospitalization. Long-term acute care (LTAC) hospitals are vital in the care of CCI patients, but their role for patients post COVID-19 infection is not known. Barlow Respiratory Hospital (BRH) is a 105-bed, LTAC hospital network serving ventilator-dependent and medically-complex patients transferred from the ICUs of hospitals in southern California. We report patient characteristics of our first series of COVID-19 survivors admitted to the post-acute venue of an LTAC hospital.

Methods: Single-center observational descriptive report of patients recovering from acute infectious complications of COVID-19 pneumonia requiring long-term respiratory support.

Results: From 28 April to 7 September 2020, 41 patients were admitted to BRH for continued recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia. The length of stay at the transferring hospital was twice that of non-COVID patients admitted during the same time period. Median age: 68 [44-94] years, 61% male, 80.5% with tracheostomy, 51.2% on invasive mechanical ventilation, 22% receiving hemodialysis. All mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis interventions were initiated at the transferring hospital.

Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report to characterize CCI and medically complex COVID-19 patients transferred to the post-acute venue of an LTAC hospital. Patients on average spent over six weeks in the transferring hospital mostly in the ICU, are largely elderly, carry the known risk factors for COVID-19 infection, and experienced respiratory failure necessitating prolonged mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy. Our findings suggest that these patients will continue to require considerable medical interventions and treatments, including weaning from mechanical ventilation, owing to the numerous sequelae of the infection and the burden of acute-on-chronic diseases. As ICU survival rates improve, this research further emphasizes the important role of the LTAC hospital in responding to the COVID-19 crisis.
Economic Impact of Category Captaincy: An Examination of Assortments and Prices
Authors: Viswanathan Madhu , Narasimhan Om , John George
Published: October 2020

An empirical examination of the impact of category captaincy on assortments and prices
Technical Note—A Stochastic Assignment Problem with Unknown Eligibility Probabilities
Authors: Ross Sheldon M. , Weiss Gideon , Zhang Zhengyu
Published: October 2020

Consider [Formula: see text] initially empty boxes, numbered 1 through [Formula: see text]. Balls arrive sequentially. Each ball has a binary vector [Formula: see text] attached to it, with the interpretation that the ball is eligible to be put in box [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. An arriving ball can be put in any empty box for which it is eligible. Assume that components of the vector are independent Bernoulli random variables with initially unknown probabilities [Formula: see text]. In “A Stochastic Assignment Problem with Unknown Eligible Probabilities,” Ross, Weiss, and Zhang discuss policies that aim at minimizing the number of balls needed until all boxes are filled. When full memory is allowed, the optimal policy is identified in the sense that it stochastically minimizes the number of balls taken. Two random policies are considered and compared when no memory is allowed. A reordering rule is proposed when one can only keep partial memory.
Improving cervical cancer screening with self-test kits
Authors: Harris Gemma
Published: October 2020

Screening procedures have enabled the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer, but falling uptake rates have lead to an increase in diagnoses and deaths from this type of cancer. Gemma Harris presents the case for the use of self-test kits to increase screening uptake among the UK public.
Closing the gap on health inequalities: learning from HIV care
Authors: Apea Vanessa
Published: October 2020

The disastrous impact of health inequalities have been highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic, but this issue is by no means new. Vanessa Apea explains how efforts to reduce inequalities in HIV care can be used as a model for more equitable healthcare.
Prescribing in patients with kidney disease
Authors: Chu Janette , Ellis Sian , Wong Justine , Parker Kathrine
Published: October 2020

This article aims to support healthcare professionals from all care sectors when making prescribing decisions in patients with kidney disease. The authors discuss which renal dosing equation to use on a case-by-case basis and provide some background to common medicines prescribed for kidney patients. When discussing patients with chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury and kidney transplants, commonplace prescribing issues that can be avoided are highlighted. It is hoped that raising awareness of prescribing in kidney patients can ensure these patients have a better experience and outcome from their treatment.
Comparison of Various Diagnostic Techniques Used to Identify the Presence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G
Authors: Hazazi Ali , Alomaim Waleed , Almubarak Mohammed , Albloui Fawaz , Alsaweed Omer , Tamimi Waleed , Rabaan Ali. A. , Aldakheel Fahad , Bin Shaye AbdulKarim S. , Alseraye Faisal
Published: October 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potentially lethal pathogen recently found to be responsible for the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At present PCR testing remains the standard method of diagnosing COVID-19 patients. Recently, testing for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin was identified as a promising method of diagnosing COVID-19 and assessing an individual’s exposure to the virus. In the current study, four different techniques—CLIA, ELISA, ECLIA, and rapid testing—were used to assess the IgG antibody response in 20 patients following COVID-19 exposure. The data obtained using the CLIA and ELISA techniques illustrated that 90 percent of COVID-19 patients produced the SARS-COV-2 IgG antibody. Processing samples using the ECLIA method showed that these antibodies were present in 80 percent of all patients; however, the rapid testing technique showed that only 70 percent of patients were able to generate an immune response. The CLIA and ELISA techniques seemed to be more sensitive in terms of detecting SARS-COV-2 IgG, as they revealed that a high percentage of COVID-19 patients developed the IgG antibody. Conducting further research on the ongoing pandemic COVID-19, particularly studying antibody testing, will be valuable for diagnosing and monitoring patients.
Modifying Supports Surfaces by Dairy Wastewater Conditioning Film and Relationship with Initial Bacterial Adhesion
Authors: Hakim Taoufik , Lekchiri Souad , Amine Afilal Mohamed El , Ellouali Mostafa , Zahir Hafida , Latrache Hassan
Published: October 2020

The choice of the best support for microbial adhesion can improve the start-up speed and efficiency of dairy wastewater treatment by biofilm bioreactors. In this study, three substrates were tested: PP (polypropylene), PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). By using the contact angle method, the surface physicochemical characteristics of the bacterium, inert substrates, and substrates after dairy wastewater (DWW) conditioning film were measured to understand its impact on adhesion as well as the most suitable material to optimize bacterial adhesion. DWW conditioning film affects the physicochemical characteristics of plastic supports and improves the initial adhesion of bacteria to substrates. Results of initial adhesion tests for untreated and treated supports showed differences in how bacterial cells adhered to substrates. Before treatment, PVC and then PP showed a significant adhesion capacity, double that of PET. After modifying by DWW, initial bacterial adhesion increased by 106 (105 to 1011 CFU/cm2) and PVC demonstrated the highest adhesion capacity, followed by PP and finally PET. Therefore, before the modification of the supports by DWW, PP and PVC are in the same rank for the initial bacterial adhesion and after the modification, PVC seems to be the best for initial bacterial adhesion.
Molecular Networking of Regulated Transcription Factors under Salt Stress in Wild Barley (H. spontaneum)
Authors: Makki Rania M.
Published: October 2020

Salt stress is among environmental conditions that severely retards plant growth. Scope of this work is the detection of transcription factors that might participate in regulating salt-stressed genes in wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). Expression profiles of important types of transcription factors (TFs) were displayed. They include WRKY and MYB, that were regulated under salt stress. WRKY19 and NAC96 are known to induce stress tolerance through activation of DREB2A (or Ap2-ERF). NAC96 concordantly upregulated with DREB2A gene under salt stress in H. spontaneum, a possible crosstalking to compensate the negative performance of WRKY19 gene. P5CS, for proline accumulation, is also known to be driven by ERF1 and genes encoding these proteins concordantly upregulated in H. spontaneum under salt stress supporting NAC96/ERF1/P5CS crosstalking towards proline accumulation under stress. Genes encoding enzymes participating in the last steps of glucose, sucrose and maltose biosyntheses concordantly upregulated with WRKY11 that is also involved in driving genes encoding free proline. B-box zinc finger protein 21 (BZF21) concordantly expressed with genes encoding catalase and SAUR40 indicating that BZF21 gene might drive expression of the two genes under salt stress. Upregulated WRKY41 and WRKY46 under salt stress in wild barley are known to exhibit enhanced stomatal closure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, lateral roots development via regulation of ABA signaling and auxin homeostasis. The latter action is governed by GH3.8 gene that was upregulated in wild barley. MYB30 is known for being SUMOylated by SIZ1. In the present study, MYB30, MYB44 and MYB3R-2 genes were concordantly expressed with SIZ2 gene supporting their crosstalking under salt stress in H. spontaneum. Based on the regulation of WRKY19 and MYB30 genes under salt stress in H. spontaneum, we suggest that the first is a positive activator, while the second is a negative activator of FT gene that drives early flowing in plants. MYB44 that promotes stomatal closure under stress can also serve in conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses in wild barley. Several other downregulated genes under salt stress, e.g., MYB1, MYB20 and MYB73, were previously reported to negatively regulate abiotic stress tolerance in plants. We suggest that WRKY gene family participates in salt stress responses in leaves of H. spontaneum following approaches different from those of other plants. Regulation of MYB gene family is almost similar to that of other plant species under salt stress. In conclusion, the present study addresses some of the regulatory frameworks driving expression of salt-related genes in H. spontaneum that can be utilized in plant, e,g, cereals, breeding programs to improve their salt stress tolerance.
A Strategic Production Improvement of Streptomyces Beta Glucanase Enzymes with Aid of Codon Optimization and Heterologous Expression
Authors: Edison Lekshmi K. , Dan Vipin Mohan , S. R Reji , N. S Pradeep
Published: October 2020

β-glucan rich cereals such as barley and oats serve as a raw material in breweries and also used as an animal feed. Digestion of β-glucan is often a major hurdle, thus providing exogenous enzyme β-glucanase serves as an option. The present study takes an effort for the expression and over production of β-glucanase genes from Streptomyces sp in E. coli. The exo-β-1,4-glucanase and endo-β-1,3-glucanase encoding genes were isolated and codon optimized and significant-high expression levels were obtained in E. coli strain. The expressed enzymes showed broad pH stability, good thermostability, and better affinity towards the barley β-glucan substrate. The study implies that heterologous expression with codon optimization strategy enhances the production of Streptomyces origin beta-glucanase enzymes with prominent physio-chemical properties for efficient beta-glucan degradation.
Food Texture and Its Perception, Acceptance and Evaluation
Authors: Rustagi Sarvesh
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study was to understand the term food texture and its perception, acceptance along with methodologies used for their evaluation. Texture is governed by surface response of touch in mouth, deep response of masseter muscles and potentially by auditory means. Texture assessment of food occurs inside the mouth. Texture assessment is based on individual perception of human subject which varying among them. It is well explained by various physical and sensory parameters were used for texture evaluation. Instrumental texture profile analysis continuously used measurable method can be used as a low cost, but it not mimics the inside environment of the mouth and the psychological aspects of texture. The sensory TPA which includes the dynamics of food rheology during mastication may also contain biasness. Thus it was concluded from this study that Electromyography testing were one of the reliable methods used for examine food texture.
Computed time average digital holographic fringe pattern under random excitation
Authors: Thomas Binu P. , Pillai S. Annamala , Narayanamurthy C. S.
Published: October 2020

Time average digital holography under random excitation or square wave excitation is established as an on-site non-destructive testing tool for defect detection in large metallic and composite sandwich structures due to its high sensitivity, single exposure interferogram, and fast inspection capability. However, extensive calibration studies are necessary to corroborate the defect type and defect size with the excitation frequency range and excitation magnitude. In this paper, a method to simulate a time average digital holographic fringe pattern under random excitation is proposed with the idea to minimize the number of calibration experiments and also for better evaluation of the size and type of defect. The proposed method circumvents the requirement for a closed form expression for the complex characteristic fringe function for time average interferometry under random excitation. The computed fringe pattern is illustratively compared with an experimental time average digital holographic fringe pattern.
Measuring material parameters using a tunable monochromatic terahertz wave source
Authors: Wada Yoshio , Urata Yoshiharu , Ito Hiroshi , Higashi Yasuhiro
Published: October 2020

We measured complex refractive indices of materials that transmitted well in the terahertz (THz) range using a tunable, monochromatic pulsed THz wave source and a high-sensitivity semiconductor detector. This approach is based on simple monochromatic transmission power measurements. Contrast enhancement by refractive index cladding was employed to measure the complex refractive indices. The experimental results were in good agreement with previously reported values. These results suggested that our approach could be used to quickly analyze material properties, such as surface roughness, and to determine the complex refractive indices of liquids or gases. In addition, as an application of the findings obtained here, we applied an anti-reflection polymer film to the silicon prism that served as an output coupler of the THz wave source. The film reduced surface reflection by 25%.
Dynamics and selective temporal focusing of a time truncated Airy pulse in varying dispersive media
Authors: Banerjee Aritra , Roy Samudra
Published: October 2020

We theoretically and numerically investigate the dynamics of a time truncated finite energy Airy pulse (FEAP) under longitudinally varying group velocity dispersion (GVD), which significantly influences the Airy dynamics. Realistic waveguide geometries are proposed that offer linear and oscillating GVD profiles through which one can efficiently control the ballistic Airy trajectory. We observe that a linear spatial variation of GVD may lead to a quasi-linear trajectory of the accelerating Airy pulse with modulated peak power. The impact of the periodic GVD on Airy dynamics is found to be interesting, where FEAP exhibits an oscillatory trajectory with a periodic modulation of peak power. Exploiting the transcendental relation between the modulation strength and period of GVD, we theoretically estimate an optimized length of the waveguide that delivers maximum power at the output. The effect of oscillatory third-order dispersion is dramatic for an Airy pulse, where it experiences successive singularities during its propagation. At singularity, the Airy pulse undergoes a temporal inversion after reaching a focal point. The rich dynamics of FEAP near the singularity point is theoretically investigated by solving the propagation equation. We provide detailed theoretical analyses to achieve selective temporal focusing of FEAP, which may be useful for practical applications. Theoretical results derived in this paper are verified numerically with satisfactory agreements.
Stable downlink frequency transmission from arbitrary injection point with endless and quick phase error correction
Authors: Jiang Zhongze , Yin Feifei , Cen Qizhuang , Dai Yitang , Xu Kun
Published: October 2020

A stable frequency downlink transmission scheme, which delivers the frequency signal back to the central station from an arbitrary injection point along a radio-over-fiber (RoF) loop link, is proposed and demonstrated. The frequency signal at the arbitrary remote point is injected into the RoF loop link in both clockwise and counter-clockwise directions, simultaneously. The phase variation induced by the fiber loop link is obtained in real time with the help of a round-trip assistant frequency signal. The phase error can be exactly cancelled by a series of frequency mixing (i.e., up-conversion and down-conversion) among the signals. In the experiment, a 1.21-GHz frequency signal at an arbitrary remote point is downlink transferred to the central station in a 45-km fiber loop link. The result shows the overlapping Allan deviation (ADEV) of 1.04×10−12 at 0.1 s, 1.3×10−13 at 1 s and 1.1×10−15 at 104 s, respectively. The phase error correction operates entirely at the central station, leaving a simple and robust configuration of the remote site. No active adjusting part is integrated, and the all-passive compensation achieves an endless phase error correction range, as well as quick response to fiber delay changes.
Electrowetting-actuated optofluidic phase modulator
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Zhao Rui , He Yijia , Ding Wenxuan , Liang Zhongcheng , Kong Meimei , Chen Tao
Published: October 2020

In this paper, an optofluidic phase modulator based on electrowetting is presented. The modulator consists of an inner and outer chamber. Two immiscible liquids are filled into the chambers, and a transparent sheet is fixed between the liquid-liquid interface to obtain a flat interface. By applying different voltages to the modulator, the flat interface moves up and down leading to the change of optical path length. Consequently, the variation of the optical path in the proposed modulator exploits the ability to alter the optical phase. To prove the concept, a prototype of the phase modulator is fabricated in experiment, and the ability of phase modulation is detected. Our proposed modulator performs optical phase shift up to ∼6.68 π driven with 150 V. Widespread applications of such an optofluidic phase modulator is foreseeable.
Analysis of the active medium parameters of molecular nitrogen ions in ambient air
Authors: Zyatikov Ilya A. , Losev Valery F. , Lubenko Dmitriy M. , Sandabkin Evgeniy A.
Published: October 2020

In this Letter, we report the direct streak camera measurements of the duration of a lasing pulse from molecular nitrogen ions under various focusing conditions of 10 mJ, 950 nm femtosecond pump pulse in atmospheric pressure air. The parameters of the active medium are analyzed, and a mechanism for formation of picosecond lasing pulse duration at femtosecond seed pulse duration is proposed.
Privilegios rodados en Portugal: memoria de la praxis diplomática castellana en territorio luso
Authors: Belmonte Fernández Diego
Published: October 2020

En el Archivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo de Lisboa se conservan en la actualidad cinco privilegios rodados, cuatro de ellos originales, ejemplos supervivientes en territorio portugués de una praxis documental propia de la corona castellana durante la Edad Media, cuyo valor no se ha puesto aún de manifiesto. Si bien sus informaciones históricas son ampliamente conocidas, ha pasado desapercibido para la mayor parte de los investigadores el destacado interés diplomático que estos documentos presentan hoy, no solo por la tipología documental que representan, sino por constituir los únicos localizados en la actualidad de dicha tipología en el país. El análisis de estos cinco documentos constituye el eje central del presente trabajo, al tiempo que nos servirá de excusa para reflexionar, aun brevemente, sobre la tipología documental que ejemplifican.
Os pioneiros do artigo de opinião em Portugal. As colunas jornalísticas de Ernesto da Silva (1892-1903)
Authors: Peralta García Beatriz
Published: October 2020

Desde os primórdios organizativos do movimento operário que os socialistas se esforçaram por manter sempre um jornal ativo através do qual pudessem veicular as suas reivindicações laborais, denunciar as suas condições de vida e difundir a sua ideologia. Nestes jornais operários – e não só – descortinamos a presença dos vultos mais significativos desta agremiação política através de um objeto pouco estudado, o artigo de opinião, que nalguns casos representa uma obra jornalística com certa solidez. Estes intelectuais são também pioneiros deste género de opinião na perspetiva da história do jornalismo em Portugal e no jornalismo operário oitocentista. Neste artigo analisamos o percurso jornalístico de Ernesto da Silva (1868-1903), como colunista, redator ou diretor, bem como a obra que produz. O estudo destas fontes permitirá avançar no estudo da história da imprensa em Portugal.
Characteristic Of Hospitalized Burn Injury Patients In Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Year 2016-2017
Authors: Syamsul Rizal  , Muhammad Jailani  , Mirnasari Amirsyah  , Muzammil Emil
Published: October 2020

Background: The epidemiology pattern of patients with burn injury varies widely in different parts of the world. This study aimed to identify epidemiological data from hospitalized burn injury patients in Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, a referral Hospital in Aceh.
Methods: All hospitalized burn injury patient data from January 2016 to December 2017 were collected from the medical record. Data taken included Gender, age, length of stay (LOS), mortality, severity, and extent of the burn, and etiology of burn.
Results: From all hospitalized patients with burn injury, the male to female ratio is 1,6:0,9. The mortality rate is 9%, while the others survive. From all etiology of burn, 57% is flame injury, 19% is electrical injury, 18% is scald burn injury, 4% is contact burn injury, and 1% is a chemical burn injury. No patient with first-degree burns was hospitalized, while 13 patients had third-degree burn injuries, and the rest had second-degree burn injuries.
Conclusion: An increasing number of hospitalized patients from 2016 to 2017, from 25 patients to 42 patients. It might happen because of increasing knowledge about burn injury in society and physicians in rural areas to refer patients to the hospital with better facilities.
Neglected Fracture in Maxillofacial: Case Series
Authors: Khairiza Rizka , Setyarto Muhammad Rizqy
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Neglected fracture is a condition of fracture that is not handled or mishandled, resulting in a state of delay in treatment, or a worse condition and even a disability. The technical difficulty was associated with a greater incidence of complications and often lead to a suboptimal result. A more precise understanding of maxillofacial fracture's demographic patterns will help healthcare providers manage maxillofacial injuries.
Method: Twenty-nine patients with neglected maxillofacial fractures were registered in the Division of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Dr. Kariadi Central-General Hospital Semarang, January 2015 to December 2018. The collected information included gender, age, etiology, and site of fracture. Some of the cases are presented.
Result: Neglected fracture of maxillofacial occurred predominantly in young adults. The male population was more frequently affected (62%)—most patients with neglected maxillofacial fractures associated with MVA (84%). The Mandible was the most common site of the fracture, followed by ZMC. 
Conclusion: The possibility of a fracture of Mandible and ZMC or adjacent bones should be considered in any facial trauma, especially related to MVA injury. Early and proper management will provide a better result.
Simulation of Scour at Bridge Supports
Authors: Lakusic Stjepan
Published: October 2020

Groups of piers are used on bridges to minimise scour around bridge supports. The prediction of scour around piers due to interaction of vortices around bridge piers is more complex compared to scour prediction around a single pier. Four arrangements of bridge piers with different spaces in the lateral and longitudinal directions are investigated under clear water conditions to observe scour generation around bridge foundations. The experimental study is performed in a rectangular open channel. A 3D numerical study based on fluid dynamics is also conducted. Results show that different pier group arrangements produce smaller scour holes than a single pier.
Obesidad abdominal en adultos del estado de Pernambuco, Brasil: un estudio epidemiológico de tipo transversal
Authors: Hidalgo Villarreal Veronica Ileana , Cabral Poliana Coelho , Batista Filho Malaquias , Sequeira-de-A Leopoldina Augusta Souza , Arruda Ilma Kruze Grande , Silva Catarine Santos , Lira Pedro Israel Cabral
Published: October 2020

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la obesidad abdominal de adultos de 20 a 59 años del Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Material y métodos: Estudio epidemiológico de corte transversal con una muestra representativa de la población adulta de áreas urbanas y rurales de este estado brasileño (1.496 personas). La circunferencia de la cintura (CC), fue utilizada como indicador de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y predictor de la obesidad abdominal. Resultados: La prevalencia de obesidad abdominal en los adultos del Estado de Pernambuco fue de 64,4%. Al realizar los análisis por sexo se encontró una prevalencia de obesidad abdominal de 37,7% (IC: 33,4-42,1) en hombres y 80,7% (IC: 78,1-83,1) en las mujeres respectivamente. En el análisis multivariable ajustado para el sexo masculino mantuvieron asociación con la obesidad abdominal las variables: edad y trabajo formal y en relación a las mujeres se encontró asociación con edad, escolaridad y menopausia. Conclusiones: Alta prevalencia de obesidad abdominal en la población adulta de la región Nordeste de Brasil, asociada a algunos factores de tipo social y biológicos, reflejan la necesidad de mayor planificación e implementación de estrategias intersectoriales vinculadas al control y prevención de este importante problema nutricional.
Randomized Trial of 2 Delayed-Release Formulations of Linaclotide in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation
Authors: Chey William D. , Sayuk Gregory S. , Bartolini Wilmin , Reasner David S. , Fox Susan M. , Bochenek Wieslaw , Boinpally Ramesh , Shea Elizabeth , Tripp Kenneth , Borgstein Niels
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Immediate-release (IR) formulation of linaclotide 290 μg improves abdominal pain and constipation (APC) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation. Delayed-release (DR) formulations were developed on the premise that targeting the ileum (delayed-release formulation 1 [DR1]) or ileocecal junction and cecum (MD-7246, formerly DR2) would modulate linaclotide's secretory effects while preserving pain relief effects.

METHODS:

This phase 2b study randomized patients with IBS with constipation to placebo or 1 of 7 once-daily linaclotide doses (DR1 30, 100, or 300 μg; MD-7246 30, 100, or 300 μg; or IR 290 μg) for 12 weeks. Key efficacy endpoints were change from baseline in abdominal pain and complete spontaneous bowel movement frequency, and 6/12-week combined APC+1 responder rate.

RESULTS:

Overall, 532 patients were randomized; mean age was 45.1 years, and most were women (83.3%) and White (64.7%). All linaclotide DR1 and MD-7246 groups experienced greater improvements in abdominal pain from baseline and vs placebo throughout treatment. Linaclotide DR1 and IR led to numerically greater improvements from baseline in complete spontaneous bowel movement frequency and higher APC+1 responder rates compared with placebo; MD-7246 results were similar to placebo. Diarrhea was the most common adverse event with DR1 and IR; rates were similar between MD-7246 and placebo.

DISCUSSION:

Altering the site of drug delivery in the intestine might uncouple linaclotide's pain relief from secretory effects. Persistent, modest abdominal pain improvement with limited impact on bowel symptom parameters, as seen across MD-7246 doses, warrants further study of MD-7246 as a novel treatment for abdominal pain, regardless of IBS subtype.
Pensar en formas sonoro-simbólicas
Authors: Sad Levi Jorge
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo trataremos el problema de la significación de los fenómenos tímbricos en el marco de la semiología de Molino y Nattiez. Distinguimos el mero sonido en tanto vibración de las formas sonoro-simbólicas. Éstas últimas son el resultado de la acción intencional y exclusiva de un acto de producción/escucha y puede ser estudiada en su triple dimensión, en tanto hecho material, en tanto fenómeno perceptual y en tanto fenómeno imaginario. Las formas sonoro-simbólicas portan la signatura de cada operación de producción realizada por compositores, programadores de software, luthiers, diseñadores de sonido, productores discográficos y músicos.
Investigating the effect of poor communication in terms of cost and time overruns in the construction industry
Authors:   University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia, Gamil Yaser , Rahman Ismail ,   University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia, Nagapan Sasitharan ,   University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: October 2020

Cost and time overruns are major issues faced by the construction industry worldwide. Studies have shown that various factors cause these overruns. One of the critical factors that cause these overruns is poor communication. This study aims to study and measure the severity of poor communication in causingcost and time overruns in construction projects. The study adopted two consecutive approaches to study the effect of poor communication in causingcost and time overruns. The first approach was to conduct an extensive literature review to extract causative factors from diverse construction industries that consider poor communication as a causative factor,then to determineits severity percentage,among other factors for each study. From the analysis, it can be concluded that developed countries that apply information communication technology and advanced communication systems have lowerseverity percentages compared to other countries. The second approach was to conduct a qualitative study by interviewing construction experts and to examine their commentsand criticisms ofthe results obtained from the literature. Experts were asked to highlight their views on the severity of poor communication in the construction industry. The outcome of these interviews was thematically analysed. The findings show that poor communication has a significanteffect on cost and time overruns in construction projects.
Agriculture Supply Chain Management-An Operational Perspective
Authors: Bhatia Mahak , Bhat G.M.J.
Published: October 2020

Goal: An integrated model for production and distribution of agricultural produce is developed. The objective of mathematical model formulated is to maximize farm revenues by investigating the production and logistics parameters associated with the type of crop cultivated. The paper aims to develop a mathematical & conceptual framework for crop distribution that will provide an optimal farm return with the reduction in farm cost.

Methodology: Mathematical and conceptual model is developed to overcome the challenges faced by growers of perishable crops. The decision of model is made on the basis of traditional/ previous season factors such as resource availability, market price of the produce in previous year. Linear Programming as a tool is used for formulation.

Results/Findings: The complexity of model depends on the type of crop cultivated and capital invested by the growers. The developed model thus results in, planning a farm model from cultivation till harvesting. The timing which is an important parameter in the case of perishable crops were taken under formulation.  

Limitations of the Investigation: To analyze the different parameters affecting the decision variables a hypothetical farm planting tomatoes, cucumbers and bell peppers are taken under considered to determine the operational cost involved in logistics management of perishable crops. Only the perishable crops were considered to study so that the complexities and the constraints associated in packaging, storage and harvesting of these crops will be observed and analyzed. Most of these farm model often overviews the factor such as product deterioration, product life span, freshness & quality, price dynamics, transportation and inventory costs.

Practical Implications: The study supports the farmers practising perishable crops, to maximize the farm revenue and minimize the farm losses. The developed model will help the growers of perishable produce to analyze the scenario and consider the crop according to the market demands and available farm resources.

Originality / Value: None of the studies conducted so far will simultaneously focus on   minimization of product loss and maximization of farm revenues.
Consumer behavior of bread and its influence on "Supply Chain Management" an innovative approach
Authors: De Oliveira Paulo Sergio Gonçalves , Araújo Jeremias , Kaperaviczus Alexandre Faro , Da Silva Luciano Ferreira , Bandero Fabio Airton
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The paper sought to describe factors contributing to the changes in the habits of consumers of processed bread since there was a tendency in the search for a whole-grain meal.

Design/methodology/approach: Aiming to achieve the study objective, and a survey was used, with a sample of 155 consumers of processed bread through a questionnaire. The quality of the model was measured by the KMO test, which reached a value of 0.888, which is considered very good.

Findings: The first solution presented a six-factor solution, which kept after Cronbach's Alpha analysis. The six factors named as product availability, nutritional quality, product development, information search, purchase decision based on product development, and willingness to pay.

Originality: The originality of the research is because it analyzes the consumer behavior of processed food, to capture the changes that are taking place in the market, to use the supply chain, allowing manufacturers to meet demands faster, through the use of innovations created by an supply chain integration.
Capacity building for transformational leadership and transdisciplinarity
Authors: Barth Matthias , Bruhn Andrea , Lam David P.M. , Bergmann Matthias , Lang Daniel J.
Published: October 2020

Two new academies support future change agents: The Postdoc Academy for Transformational Leadership is designed to develop the next generation of leaders in sustainability and transformation research. And the platform tdAcademy aims to be a continuously evolving knowledge
base for transdisciplinary research.
Digitalisierung und Nachhaltigkeit: smart farming und resiliente Ernährungsökologie
Authors: Gaugler Tobias , Reichel Christian , Tretter Christine , Bieling Claudia
Published: October 2020

Die virtuelle Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Humanökologie sondierte Vorteile und Nachteile digitaler Technologien für nachhaltige Entwicklung. Im zweiten Teil des Tagungsberichts nehmen wir hier Landwirtschaft und Ernährung in den Blick.
Sozial-ökologische Forschung in der COVID-19-Pandemie: Forschung für nachhaltige Wege aus der Krise
Authors: Thorn Michaela , Betker Frank , Müller Claudia , Wilhelm Ralph
Published: October 2020

Sozial-ökologische Forschung ist mit ihrem inter- und transdisziplinären Zugang dafür prädestiniert, die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Gesellschaft zu untersuchen. Das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung fördert daher Projekte,
die in den Bereichen Mobilität, Stadtentwicklung und Konsum Wege für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung aufzeigen und dabei die gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen, die die Pandemie mit sich bringt, einbeziehen.
Kryzys powieści, powieść kryzysu. Projekt wyjścia z „naturalistycznego impasu” w powieści Là-Bas Jorisa-Karla Huysmansa
Authors: Krzyżosiak Karol
Published: October 2020

This article attempts to reconstruct the key aspects of the criticism of literary naturalism present in J. K. Huysmans’ 1891 novel Là-Bas. The analysis is based on the opening dialogues of the characters and the following aesthetic considerations which appear to express not only the creative and spiritual transformation of the author himself, but also the ambience of anti-positivist turn of fin de siècle which, entering modernity, tries to free itself from the reductionist frames of naturalism and reveals an increasing interest towards the unconscious.
Kondycja granicy i jej skutki; rec. książki: Lucian Boia, Dlaczego Rumunia jest inna?
Authors: Oleksy Piotr
Published: October 2020

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Dialog na łamach tygodników opinii w Polsce – rzeczywistość czy mistyfikacja?
Authors: Bäcker Roman , Lewandowska Maria
Published: October 2020

Celem artykułu było zbadanie, jaki jest poziom dialogiczności w tygodnikach opinii w Polsce. Hipoteza zakładała, że redakcje często poruszają te same tematy, ale w dyskusji trudno znaleźć merytoryczne odpowiedzi na argumenty drugiej strony sporu. Badanie wykazało, że dziennikarze poruszają te same kwestie zdecydowanie rzadziej, niż mogłoby się wydawać. Najczęściej powtarzającymi się kwestiami są zwykle najważniejsze tematy, odnoszące się do bieżących wydarzeń politycznych. Dziennikarze nawiązują wzajemnie do swoich artykułów, wykorzystując zarówno argumenty merytoryczne, jak i erystyczne.
Milorad Dodik’s Use of Contentious Rhetoric in (De)constructing Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Identity: A Discourse-Historical Analysis
Authors: Beglerović Nađa
Published: October 2020

The article explores Milorad Dodik’s rhetoric and nationalist discourse in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). It seeks to shed light on the intricacies of the politics of the current Serb member of the tripartite Presidency of BiH by analyzing a number of television interviews and the speeches Dodik delivered at the celebration of the RS Day on January 9, 2017–2020. Unfortunately, BiH continues its struggle with divisive identity politics, which perpetuates the nationalist paradigm of the nation. Identity politics plays an integral part in the construction of “we” versus “them,” and underlies the lack of a “national identity.” The analysis will reveal Dodik’s political strategies and offer a glimpse into his ideology and views of BiH as well as his vision and long-term objectives for the Republika Srpska (RS). Moreover, the article examines linguistic practices and seeks to answer the following research questions: how does Dodik view BiH, and what are his long-term goals for RS? Has identity politics influenced the emergence of referendums in RS? What could the referendums proposed and already held in the RS mean for the future of BiH and its national identity?