bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal molecular diagnosis of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency enables rapid initiation of ketogenic diet
Authors: Bowen Aaron B. , Rapalino Otto , Jaimes Camilo , Ratai Eva‐Maria , Zhong Yingyi , Thiele Elizabeth A. , Kritzer Amy , Ganetzky Rebecca D. , Gold Nina B. , Walker Melissa A.
Published: July 2024

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is a mitochondrial disorder of carbohydrate oxidation characterized by lactic acidosis and central nervous system involvement. Knowledge of the affected metabolic pathways and clinical observations suggest that early initiation of the ketogenic diet may ameliorate the metabolic and neurologic course of the disease. We present a case in which first trimester ultrasound identified structural brain abnormalities prompting a prenatal molecular diagnosis of PDCD. Ketogenic diet, thiamine, and N‐acetylcysteine were initiated in the perinatal period with good response, including sustained developmental progress. This case highlights the importance of a robust neurometabolic differential diagnosis for prenatally diagnosed structural anomalies and the use of prenatal molecular testing to facilitate rapid, genetically tailored intervention.
Technical note: Prediction of body mass from stature and pelvic breadth
Authors: Ruff Christopher B. , Wallace Ian J. , Abeyta‐Brown Amaya , Butler Madison , Busby Taylor
Published: July 2024

Equations for predicting body mass from stature and bi‐iliac (maximum pelvic) breadth have been developed, but have had variable success when applied to living or recently deceased individuals, calling into question their general applicability. Here we test these equations on a large, ethnically diverse sample. Skeletal and anthropometric data for 507 recently deceased Indigenous, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic White adults were obtained from the New Mexico Decedent Image Database. The body mass of individuals with a “normal” body mass index (BMI = 18.5–24.9) is very accurately predicted, with an average directional bias of about 1% and an average random error of less than 8%. Underweight individuals (BMI < 18.5) are overpredicted, while overweight (BMI = 25–29.9) and especially obese (BMI≥30) individuals are underpredicted. Within BMI categories, there is a strong and isometric relationship between predicted and true body mass. Individual body mass prediction errors using the stature/bi‐iliac method are mainly dependent on variation in BMI. Because earlier humans were more likely to fall within or close to the normal BMI range, the equations should be applicable, on an individual basis, in archeological and paleontological contexts. Because of the prevalence of obesity in many modern populations, these equations are not applicable in a general forensic context. We derive new equations from nonobese individuals in our sample (n = 338), which produce reasonable average prediction errors. If obese individuals can be identified using other skeletal parameters, these equations may be useful in estimating body mass in nonobese forensic cases.
Hybrid Local and Charge‐Transfer Material with Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence for Efficient Organic Afterglow Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cui Dongyue , Zhang Longyan , Zhang Jingyu , Li Wenjing , Chen Jie , Guo Zhenli , Sun Chengxi , Wang Yike , Wang Wenjun , Li Shuhong , Huang Wei , Zheng Chao , Chen Runfeng
Published: July 2024

Organic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (OURTP) materials capable of combining various emission behaviors for diversified optoelectronic properties and applications have recently gained a vigorous development, but it remains a forbidden challenge in designing OURTP molecules with hybrid local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) feature, possibly due to the elevated difficulties in simultaneously meeting the stringent requirements of both HLCT and OURTP emitters. Here, through introducing multiple heteroatoms into one‐dimensional fused ring of coumarin with moderate charge transfer perturbation in donor‐π‐acceptor architecture, we demonstrate a HLCT‐featured OURTP molecule showing both promoted fluorescence with a quantum yield of 77 % in solution and long‐lived OURTP with a lifetime of 251 ms in conventional host material used in electroluminescent device. Thus, efficient OURTP organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated, exhibiting bright electroluminescence with an exciton utilization efficiency of 85 % and yellow OURTP lasting over 2 s for afterglow. Impressively, the HLCT OURTP‐OLEDs can be further optimized to reach an unprecedented total external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ~12 % and OURTP EQE up to 3.11 %, representing the highest performance among the reported OURTP‐OLEDs. These impressive results highlight the significance to fuse HLCT and OURTP together in enriching OURTP materials and improving the afterglow OLED performances.
Exploring Geometric Chirality in Nanocrystals for Boosting Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Conversion
Authors: Fu Wenlong , Gao Qi , Zhang Chunyang , Tan Lili , Jiang Biao , Xiao Chengyu , Liu Maochang , Wang Peng‐peng
Published: July 2024

Advancing catalyst design is pivotal for the enhancement of photocatalytic processes in renewable energy conversion. The incorporation of structural chirality into conventional inorganic solar hydrogen nanocatalysts promises a significant transformation in catalysis, a feature absent in this field. Here we unveil the unexplored potential of geometric chirality by creating a chiral composite that integrates geometric chiral Au nanoparticles (NPs) with two‐dimensional C3N4 nanosheets, significantly boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution beyond the achiral counterparts. The superior performance is driven by the geometric chirality of Au NPs, which facilitates efficient charge carrier separation through the favorable C3N4‐chiral Au NP interface and chiral induced spin polarization, and exploits high‐activity facets within the concave surfaces of chiral Au NPs. The resulting synergistic effect leads to a remarkable increase in photocatalytic H2 evolution, with an apparent quantum yield of 44.64 % at 400 nm. Furthermore, we explore the selective polarized photo‐induced carrier separation behavior, revealing a distinct chiral‐dependent photocatalytic HER performance. Our work advances the design and utilization of chiral inorganic nanostructures for superior performance in energy conversion processes.
Structure‐Controlled Interpenetrated MOF@COF via C−C Linkage for Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhou Suxin , Kuang Yixin , Yang Huangsheng , Gan Liwu , Feng Xiaoying , Mao Cheng , Chen Luyi , Zheng Juan , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: July 2024

Diversifying the connecting junctions will be feasible for the controllable collaboration of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to rationally design multifunction‐integrated heterostructures with enhanced performance, yet it is in the nascent stage. Herein, by intelligently exploiting the polymerization of vinyl group, C−C bond is innovatively introduced to construct the core–shell MOF@COF heterostructures with adjustable shell thickness and rare interpenetrated structure. The unique structure endows prepared C−C‐linked MIL‐68@COF−Vs with more superior visible‐light harvesting and photogenerated carrier separation capability, leading to significantly higher photocatalytic activity and faster degradation rate than pristine MIL‐68‐C=Cs, COF−V, and imine‐linked MIL‐68‐NH2@COF−V. Further, the customized MIL‐68@COF−V is in situ grown as reusable films with dramatically boosted performance under ambient conditions, which realize the highly efficient degradation of tetracycline within 15 min (96.5 %), rhodamine 6G within 25 min (97.6 %), and phenol within 40 min (95.3 %) by solar drive. This work exhibits the distinctive advantages of C−C junction in the MOF@COF construction, and highlights the application prospect of rational‐designed heterostructure in the treatment of persistent organic pollutants.
A Highly Stable and Non‐Flammable Deep Eutectic Electrolyte for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhao Li , Xu Ao , Cheng Yu , Xu Hantao , Xu Lin , Mai Liqiang
Published: July 2024

Deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) are regarded as one of the next‐generation electrolytes to promote the development of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to their unparalleled advantages compared to both liquid electrolytes and solid electrolytes. However, its application in LMBs is limited by electrode interface compatibility. Here, we introduce a novel solid dimethylmalononitrile (DMMN)‐based DEE induced by N coordination to dissociate LiTFSI. We confirmed that the DMMN molecule can promote the dissociation of LiTFSI by the interaction between the N atom and Li+, and form the hydrogen bond with TFSI− anion, which can promote the dissociation of LiTFSI to form DEE. More importantly, due to the absence of active α‐hydrogen, DMMN exhibits greatly enhanced reduction stability with Li metal, resulting in favorable electrode/electrolyte interface compatibility. Polymer electrolytes based on this DEE exhibit high ionic conductivity (0.67 mS cm−1 at 25 °C), high oxidation voltage (5.0 V vs. Li+/Li), favorable interfacial stability, and nonflammability. Li‖LFP and Li‖NCM811 full batteries utilizing this DEE polymer electrolyte exhibit excellent long‐term cycling stability and excellent rate performance at high rates. Therefore, the new DMMN‐based DEE overcomes the limitations of traditional electrolytes in electrode interface compatibility and opens new possibilities for improving the performance of LMBs.
DNA barcoding and morphological characterization of marine stingrays (genus Fontitrygon) from the African Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Oladipo Segun Olayinka , Ayoola Adeola Oluwakemi , Ross Keshawn , Edah Bernard , Adelakun Kehinde Moruf , Mustapha Moshood K. , Adous Carine , Gourène Béatrice , Diop Mamadou , Kamla Aristide Takoukam , Dieudonne Wongibe Poupezo , Nneji Ifeanyi Christopher , Akinsemolu Adenike Adebukola , Durand Jean‐Dominique , Nneji Lotanna Micah
Published: July 2024

The coastal marine stingrays (genus Fontitrygon) include two endemic and highly threatened species (Fontitrygon margaritella and Fontitrygon margarita) from the African Gulf of Guinea. However, the lack of robust diagnostic features due to similar external features hinders species identification, thus limiting species‐specific conservation efforts.

The present study aims to examine the morphological characteristics and apply a DNA barcoding tool through amplifying mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) to accurately identify F. margaritella and F. margarita from coastal waters in Nigeria, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea Bissau and Senegal.

Morphological evaluation revealed differences in colour pattern, eye shade, mouth shape and pectoral radial count between F. margarita and F. margaritella. We generated 25 mtCOI barcode sequences that included F. margaritella (n = 22) and F. margarita (n = 3). Our query search in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank and Barcode of Life Data system (BOLD) showed a sequence match of our newly collected F. margaritella with other F. margaritella in the global databases, while mtCOI sequences of F. margarita were new to the NCBI GenBank and BOLD databases. The phylogenetic clustering analyses based on the maximum‐likelihood tree grouped morphospecies into highly supported monophyletic units.

Our study demonstrates the potential of combined molecular and morphological approaches in the identification of coastal marine stingrays from the Gulf of Guinea. Our study is helpful in future scientific studies and in forming future conservation plans.
Composition and abundance of midgut plasma membrane proteins in two major hemipteran vectors of plant viruses, Bemisia tabaci and Myzus persicae
Authors: Jiménez Jaime , Mishra Ruchir , Wang Xinyue , Magee Ciara M. , Bonning Bryony C.
Published: July 2024

Multiple species within the order Hemiptera cause severe agricultural losses on a global scale. Aphids and whiteflies are of particular importance due to their role as vectors for hundreds of plant viruses, many of which enter the insect via the gut. To facilitate the identification of novel targets for disruption of plant virus transmission, we compared the relative abundance and composition of the gut plasma membrane proteomes of adult Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), representing the first study comparing the gut plasma membrane proteomes of two different insect species. Brush border membrane vesicles were prepared from dissected guts, and proteins extracted, identified and quantified from triplicate samples via timsTOF mass spectrometry. A total of 1699 B. tabaci and 1175 M. persicae proteins were identified. Following bioinformatics analysis and manual curation, 151 B. tabaci and 115 M. persicae proteins were predicted to localize to the plasma membrane of the gut microvilli. These proteins were further categorized based on molecular function and biological process according to Gene Ontology terms. The most abundant gut plasma membrane proteins were identified. The ten plasma membrane proteins that differed in abundance between the two insect species were associated with the terms “protein binding” and “viral processes.” In addition to providing insight into the gut physiology of hemipteran insects, these gut plasma membrane proteomes provide context for appropriate identification of plant virus receptors based on a combination of bioinformatic prediction and protein localization on the surface of the insect gut.
SVM‐Jacobi for fitting linear combinations of exponential distributions with applications to finance and insurance
Authors: Han Xixuan , Wei Boyu , Yang Hailiang , Zhao Qian
Published: July 2024

We propose a method called SVM‐Jacobi to approximate probability distributions by linear combinations of exponential distributions, associated with a comprehensive asymptotic analysis. In multivariate cases, the multivariate distribution is approximated by linear combinations of products of independent exponential distributions, and the method works effectively. The proposed method has many applications in both quantitative finance and insurance, especially for modeling random time, like default time and remaining lifetime. In addition to the methodology and theoretical analysis, we provide examples of pricing defaultable bonds, European options, credit default swaps, equity‐linked death benefits, and calculating the credit value adjustment of credit default swaps. Finally, some numerical results based on real data and simulated data are presented for illustration.
Flame‐Retardant Polymer Electrolyte for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Huiting , Tian Wenyue , Chen Xuchun , Li Zhaopeng , Liu Pei , Wang Qinglun , Nie Xinming , Wang Qinghong , Jiao Lifang
Published: July 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries present an appealing option for large‐scale energy storage applications due to their high natural abundance and low production costs. However, the safety issue remains a major obstacle in current development, primarily owing to the use of liquid electrolytes (LEs), which can lead to leakage and combustion. To achieve both high energy density and enhanced safety, researchers are increasingly focusing on solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). Solid‐state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have garnered notable attention due to their superior mechanical flexibility and electrochemical stability. Nonetheless, traditional SPEs can also undergo combustion and decomposition under extreme conditions due to polymer inherent flammability. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct research and design flame‐retardant SPEs in order to enhance their reliability and safety in practical applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying battery thermal runaway and offers guidance for designing batteries with enhanced safety. In addition to reviewing recent advancements in flame‐retardant polymer solid‐state sodium battery research, it also presents a systematic classification and introduction of studies on high‐safety polymer electrolytes. Furthermore, it delves into diverse perspectives and approaches towards addressing the issue of safety in polymer sodium battery, ultimately outlining future research directions for this particular field.
Chinese PhD candidates in British universities: Understanding the practices of international doctorate students
Authors: Lou Chenyiman
Published: July 2024

This study aims to contribute to the themes expounded by Deuchar (2022; British Educational Research Journal, 48, 504‐518) concerning international students’ strengths, contributions, and practices in higher education by focusing on the experiences and practices of Chinese doctoral students across four English higher education institutions. The investigation deploys Bourdieu's tools of habitus, field and capital to understand how these students employ their capital and skills in the process of sense‐making in the English field. The findings revealed that Chinese students displayed signs of confrontation during their initial interaction with the English institutional milieu, stemming from discrepancies between the forms of capital and norms valued in the British system and those encouraged and developed within the Chinese system. However, interpretations of these challenges among Chinese students were not uniform. Their practices and responses to these challenges also exhibited variability, which provides insights into the evolving and enduring aspects of their habitus. The study advocates moving beyond a homogeneous ‘deficit’ view that focuses on what Chinese students ostensibly lack, built on the assumed norm of Western modes of thinking and learning. Instead, it emphasises recognising the strengths and unique capacities, such as their linguistic repertoire, developed in the Chinese system. This perspective could provide policymakers and stakeholders with valuable insights into recognising Chinese students as agentive and diverse actors, thus better supporting and protecting their interests. This, in turn, could unleash their potential and facilitate greater academic contributions in their respective disciplines.
A brief chronicle of research on human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Pera Martin F.
Published: July 2024

Today, human pluripotent stem cell technologies find widespread application across biomedical research, as models for early human development, as platforms for functional human genomics, as tools for the study of disease, drug screening and toxicology, and as a renewable source of cellular therapeutics for a range of intractable diseases. The foundations of this human pluripotent stem cell revolution rest on advances in a wide range of disciplines, including cancer biology, assisted reproduction, cell culture and organoid technology, somatic cell nuclear transfer, primate embryology, single‐cell biology, and gene editing. This review surveys the slow emergence of the study of human pluripotency and the exponential growth of the field during the past several decades.
The yin and yang of pioneer transcription factors: Dual roles in repression and activation
Authors: Katsuda Takeshi , Sussman Jonathan H. , Zaret Kenneth S. , Stanger Ben Z.
Published: July 2024

Pioneer transcription factors, by virtue of their ability to target nucleosomal DNA in silent chromatin, play crucial roles in eliciting cell fate decisions during development and cellular reprogramming. In addition to their well‐established role in chromatin opening to activate gene expression programs, recent studies have demonstrated that pioneer factors have the complementary function of being able to silence the starting cell identity through targeted chromatin repression. Given recent discoveries regarding the repressive aspect of pioneer function, we discuss the basis by which pioneer factors can suppress alternative lineage programs in the context of cell fate control.
Quantification of nisin concentration from fluorescence‐based antimicrobial activity assay using Bayesian calibration
Authors: Steier Valentin , Osthege Michael , Helleckes Laura M. , Siska Maximilian , von Lieres Eric , Wiechert Wolfgang , Reich Sebastian J. , Riedel Christian U. , Oldiges Marco
Published: July 2024

Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized peptides with the innate ability to kill or inhibit growth of other bacteria. In recent years, bacteriocins have received increased interest, as their antimicrobial activity enhances food safety and shelf life by combatting pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. They also have application potential as an active pharmaceutical compound to combat multidrug‐resistant pathogens. As new bacteriocins continue to be discovered, accelerated workflows for screening, identification, and process development have been developed. However, antimicrobial activity measurement is often still limited with regards to quantification and throughput. Here, we present the use of a non‐linear calibration model to infer nisin concentrations in cultivation supernatants of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis B1629 using readouts of pHluorin2 fluorescence‐based antimicrobial activity assays.
Feasibility of whole‐body MRI for cancer screening in children and young people with ataxia telangiectasia: A mixed methods cross‐sectional study
Authors: Neves Renata , Panek Rafal , Clarkson Katie , Panagioti Ouliana , Fernandez Natasha Schneider , Wilne Sophie , Suri Mohnish , Whitehouse William P. , Jagani Sumit , Dandapani Madhumita , Glazebrook Cris , Dineen Robert A.
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives

Ataxia telangiectasia (A‐T) is an inherited multisystem disorder with increased sensitivity to ionising radiation and elevated cancer risk. Although other cancer predisposition syndromes have established cancer screening protocols, evidence‐based guidelines for cancer screening in A‐T are lacking. This study sought to assess feasibility of a cancer screening protocol based on whole‐body MRI (WB‐MRI) in children and young people with A‐T.

Design/Methods

Children and young people with A‐T were invited to undergo a one‐off non‐sedated 3‐Tesla WB‐MRI. Completion rate of WB‐MRI was recorded and diagnostic image quality assessed by two experienced radiologists, with pre‐specified success thresholds for scan completion of >50% participants and image quality between acceptable to excellent in 65% participants. Positive imaging findings were classified according to the ONCO‐RADS system. Post‐participation interviews were performed with recruited families to assess the experience of participating and feelings about waiting for, and communication of, the findings of the scan.

Results

Forty‐six children and young people with A‐T were identified, of which 36 were eligible to participate, 18 were recruited and 16 underwent WB‐MRI. Nineteen parents participated in interviews. Fifteen participants (83%) completed the full WB‐MRI scan protocol. The pre‐specified image quality criterion was achieved with diagnostic images obtained in at least 93% of each MRI sequence. Non‐malignant scan findings were present in 4 (25%) participants. Six themes were identified from the interviews: (1) anxiety is a familiar feeling, (2) the process of MRI scanning is challenging for some children and families, (3) preparation is essential to reduce stress, (4) WB‐MRI provides the reassurance about the physical health that families need, (5) WB‐MRI experience turned out to be a positive experience and (6) WB‐MRI allows families to be proactive.

Conclusion

This study shows that WB‐MRI for cancer screening is feasible and well‐accepted by children and young people with A‐T and their families.
Motor and sensory impairment in survivors of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE)
Authors: Rodwin Rozalyn L. , Wang Fang , Lu Lu , Li Zhenghong , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Phillips Nicholas S. , Khan Raja B. , Brinkman Tara M. , Krull Kevin R. , Boop Frederick A. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Merchant Thomas E. , Gajjar Amar , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Kadan‐Lottick Nina S. , Ness Kirsten K.
Published: July 2024

Background

Survivors of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors can develop motor and sensory impairment from their cancer and treatment history. We estimated the prevalence of motor and sensory impairment in survivors compared with controls through clinical assessment and identified associated treatment exposures and functional, quality of life (QOL), and social outcomes.

Methods

Survivors of childhood CNS tumors from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (n = 378, median [range] age 24.0 [18.0–53.0] years, 43.4% female) ≥5 years from diagnosis and controls (n = 445, median [range] age 34.0 [18.0–70.0] years, 55.7% female) completed in‐person evaluation for motor and sensory impairment using the modified Total Neuropathy Score. Impairment was graded by modified Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Multivariable models estimated associations between grade ≥2 motor/sensory impairment, individual/treatment characteristics, and secondary outcomes (function by Physical Performance Test, fitness by physiologic cost index, QOL by Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form‐36 physical/mental summary scores, social attainment).

Results

Grade ≥2 motor or sensory impairment was more prevalent in survivors (24.1%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 19.8%–29.4%) than controls (2.9%, CI 1.4–4.5%). Among survivors, in multivariable models, motor impairment was associated with vinca exposure <15 mg/m2 versus none (OR 4.38, CI 1.06–18.08) and etoposide exposure >2036 mg/m2 versus none (OR 12.61, CI 2.19–72.72). Sensory impairment was associated with older age at diagnosis (OR 1.09, CI 1.01–1.16) and craniospinal irradiation versus none (OR 4.39, CI 1.68–11.50). There were lower odds of motor/sensory impairment in survivors treated in the year 2000 or later versus before 1990 (Motor: OR 0.29, CI 0.10–0.84, Sensory: OR 0.35, CI 0.13–0.96). Motor impairment was associated with impaired physical QOL (OR 2.64, CI 1.22–5.72).

Conclusions

In survivors of childhood CNS tumors, motor and sensory impairment is prevalent by clinical assessment, especially after exposure to etoposide, vinca, or craniospinal radiation. Treating motor impairment may improve survivors' QOL.
A Comprehensive Strategy for Metabolites Profiling of Flowers and Leaves from Camellia tienii, an Endemic Golden Tea of Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phuong‐Nhi , Le Hoang‐Linh , Gontier Eric , Hoang Thi Hong‐Cam , Le Thi Van‐Anh , Mai Nga T. P. , Nguyen Thi Kieu‐Oanh
Published: July 2024

Golden camellia is defined as a species of the Camellia genus with yellow flowers, which have long been used as a medicine, food, and cosmetic in many Asian countries. To date, more than 50 golden camellia species are considered endemic in Vietnam; however, more information is needed about its chemical constituents and biological activity. This work aims to unveil the potential of Camellia tienii Ninh, a golden camellia species, as an herbal beverage by examining the presence and abundance of chemical components in flowers and leaves. A comprehensive strategy has been developed using both liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Specifically, LC–MS‐based widely targeted analyses were opted to characterize 158 polar metabolites belonging mainly to flavonoids, catechins, and amino acids classes, and an untargeted approach using GC–MS annotated 42 major volatile compounds such as terpenes and fatty acids. The extensive profile revealed by these techniques could help understand the significant discrimination between two organs. C. tienii flowers accumulated more flavonoids, amino acids, and fatty acids, while leaves contain more terpenes, suggesting different pharmacological properties of these materials. Overall, this pipeline can be applied for other Camellia species and valorization of these valuable resources for health benefits purposes.
Compounds Derived from 5‐Fluoropyridine and Benzo[b]thiophene: Killing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Reducing its Virulence
Authors: Dong Hong‐Mei , Chen Jun‐Xian , Cai Yu‐Xiang , Tian Li‐Xia , Yang Zai‐Chang
Published: July 2024

The rise of drug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has extended the duration of tuberculosis (TB) treatment and reduced the likelihood of cure. One strategy to combat this issue is the development of inhibitors targeting the virulence factors of bacterial pathogens. Mtb’ catalase (KatG) is crucial for its detoxification mechanisms and also serves as a significant virulence factor for the bacterium. In this study, twelve derivatives synthesized from 5‐fluoropyridine and benzo[b]thiophene demonstrated antimycobacterial efficacy with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) varying between 0.5 and 32 μg/mL. Compound 2, 1‐(benzo[b]thiophen‐2‐ylmethylene) thiosemicarbazide, emerged as the most potent candidate. It effectively inhibited Mtb KatG, enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Mtb, and achieved Mtb killing within 96 hours at a concentration of 2 μg/mL (4×MIC). Molecular docking simulations revealed that compound 2 binds tightly to the active site of Mtb‐KatG with a docking score of 114, indicating that it may serve as a potent inhibitor of Mtb‐KatG. The rabbit skin tuberculosis model was employed to assess the virulence of Mtb. Animal study results indicated that the granulomas induced by Mtb after treatment with compound 2 were reduced in size, exhibited a lower bacterial load, and the bacteria were no longer aggregated, in contrast to those caused by untreated Mtb. Hence, compound 2 can be regarded as a molecule capable of neutralizing the virulence factors of Mtb. This research offers insights into the design of anti‐Mtb molecules with novel mechanisms of action.
Multiple giant placental chorioangioma: A case report
Authors: Hashemi Atefe , Moradi Alamdarloo Shaghayegh , Vafaei Homeira , Barzegar Hamide , Jafari Firouzeh , Haseli Sara , Abbaspour Elahe
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

Giant chorioangiomas, despite being rare, pose significant fetal and maternal risks. Timely and individualized treatment plans are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality when fetal compromise occurs. Additionally, successful conservative management relies on consistent ultrasound monitoring, Doppler flowmetry assessments, and amniotic fluid level measurements.

Chorioangiomas are benign placental tumors that manifest in approximately 1% of pregnancies. Giant chorioangiomas, characterized by tumors exceeding 4 cm, are exceptionally rare and pose substantial risks to maternal and fetal health. This case report details a patient with multiple giant chorioangiomas, emphasizing the rarity and consequential complications associated with these tumors. A 23‐year‐old woman, G3P2, at 28 weeks gestational age, was diagnosed with multiple large, well‐defined placental masses with increased vascularity, indicative of giant placental chorioangiomas. Subsequent ultrasound revealed various fetal anomalies such as cleft palate and lip, as well as lung and heart abnormalities. At 34+5 weeks of gestation, an emergency cesarean section was performed due to preeclampsia. Subsequently, a female neonate was born with hydrops fetalis. Unfortunately, she passed away within the first hour of her life. Complications associated with chorioangiomas primarily arise from arteriovenous shunts, which potentially lead to compromised fetal perfusion and cardiac failure. Although small‐sized chorioangiomas are often discovered incidentally, Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging can reliably distinguish these tumors from other placental lesions. Additionally, management strategies tailored to gestational age and maternal‐fetal symptoms typically necessitate a multidisciplinary approach. However, additional research is essential to understand the mechanisms of chorioangiomas and to develop comprehensive management guidelines.
Application of augmented simplex‐centroïd mixture design in developing and optimizing new low‐cost microfiltration membranes from clays and cassava peels for bacteria removal
Authors: Mountapbeme Ibrahim Cherif , Mbamyah Emilia Enjema Lyonga , Pountouenchi Amadou , Njuhou Saliou , Mouafon Mohamed , Ndzana Emma Julienne Augustine , Kouotou Yacouba Mfomboum , Lecomte‐Nana Gisèle Laure , Njoya Dayirou
Published: July 2024

The sharp increase in waterborne diseases due to bacterial contamination is limiting the supply of safe water in developing countries. This study focuses on the development and optimization of a low‐cost ceramic membrane based on natural resources and local waste for eliminating bacteria from water. The augmented simplex centroïd mixture design (ASCD) was used. The obtained optimal formulation consisted of 65% Ebebda clay (EB) 18.64% Koutaba clay (KG), and 16.34% cassava peel (PM) with a holding temperature of 1 100°C. The raw materials and membrane were characterized by chemical analysis using X‐ray florescence, X‐ray diffractometry, Thermal Gravimetric/Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG/DSC), FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, SBET, porosity and flexural strength. The optimal membrane has 43.26% of porosity, 7.46 MPa of strength, 0.55 m2/g of specific surface area, an average pore diameter of 1.31 µm and a water permeability of 4 345,87 L h−1 m−2 bar−1. The ability of the membrane support to retain Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria present in contaminated water was finally assessed. Retention tests showed 100% of P. aeruginosa, 97.37% of K. pneumoniae, 93.69% of Salmonella sp, and 90% of S. aureus, making this new, less expensive ceramic membrane a potential candidate for the water treatment.
Spectral emittance measurements for ytterbium disilicate‐based environmental barrier coatings
Authors: Presby Michael J. , Crowell Sylvie F. , Eldridge Jeffrey I. , Markham James R.
Published: July 2024

The spectral reflectance and transmittance of two free‐standing ytterbium disilicate (Yb2Si2O7)—based environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) were measured from 25°C up to 1270°C. The measurements were collected over the spectral range of approximately 2–20 µm. The spectral emittance was then determined through conservation of energy and Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation. The spectral emittance measurements for the EBCs were then compared to previous measurements for a thermal barrier coating (TBC).
Double Chalcogen Bonding Recognition Arrays in Solution
Authors: Romito Deborah , Kählig Hanspeter , Tecilla Paolo , Sosso Gabriele C. , Bonifazi Davide
Published: July 2024

N‐substituted pyridino‐based congeners of Ebselen, named here as Pyrselen, incorporating proximal Se and N atoms, undergo dimerization in solution and the solid state through a dual donor‐acceptor arrangement of chalcogen bonding sites. Dimerization constants were measured within the 5–50 M−1 range. Computational studies on the dimers depict a notable charge‐transfer contribution to the association, validating Pyrselen as an effective scaffold for designing chalcogen‐bonding‐based recognition motifs.
Localized incompletely resected standard risk rhabdomyosarcoma in children and adolescents: Results from the European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group RMS 2005 trial
Authors: Mandeville Henry C. , Bisogno Gianni , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Alaggio Rita , Ben‐Arush Myriam , Chargari Cyrus , Coppadoro Beatrice , Craigie Ross , Devalck Christine , Ferman Sima , Ferrari Andrea , Glosli Heidi , Alvaro Raquel Hladun , Hol Marinka , Mudry Peter , Orbach Daniel , Albiac Monica Ramos , Merks Johannes H. M. , Jenney Meriel E. M.
Published: July 2024

Background

The authors report the prospective evaluation of reduced dose alkylator chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy for European Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) standard risk nonalveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (NA‐RMS).

Patients and Methods

Localized node negative Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) II/III NA‐RMS at favorable sites (subgroup C), <25 years old, received five cycles of ifosfamide, vincristine, and dactinomycin (IVA) chemotherapy (30 g/m2 ifosfamide) and four cycles of vincristine and dactinomycin (if receiving radiotherapy), or nine cycles of IVA (54 g/m2 ifosfamide) ± radiotherapy. Delayed primary tumor excision was considered for IRS III tumors. The primary end points were event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

From October 2005 to December 2016, 359 evaluable patients were recruited: orbit, 164 (45.7%); head and neck nonparameningeal, 77 (21.4%); and genitourinary non–bladder/prostate, 118 (32.9%). EFS and OS were 77.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 72.5–81.6) and 93.5% (95% CI, 90.1–95.8), respectively. Lower dose alkylator chemotherapy and radiotherapy achieved 5‐year OS of 93.7% but the difference with higher dose alkylator chemotherapy +/‐ radiotherapy was not significant (p = 0.8003). Adjuvant radiotherapy improved EFS with 5‐year estimates of 84.7% versus 65.2% for nonirradiated (p < .0001), but not OS (p = .9298). Omitting radiotherapy for orbital tumors reduced OS (5‐year was 87.1% vs. 97.3% for irradiated, p = .0257). Following R0 resection (n = 60), radiotherapy did not significantly improve EFS or OS.

Conclusions

Radiotherapy for local tumor control allows for reduction of cumulative dose of alkylators in EpSSG standard risk subgroup C RMS patients. The omission of radiotherapy did not affect OS in all patients except those with orbital RMS and was associated with inferior EFS.
Cannabidiol Increases Psychotropic Effects and Plasma Concentrations of Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol Without Improving Its Analgesic Properties
Authors: Gorbenko Andriy A. , Heuberger Jules A.A.C. , Klumpers Linda E. , de Kam Marieke L. , Strugala Pamela K. , de Visser Saco J. , Groeneveld Geert J.
Published: July 2024

Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non‐intoxicating compound in cannabis, has been hypothesized to reduce the adverse effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive and analgesic component of cannabis. This clinical trial investigated the hypothesis that CBD counteracts the adverse effects of THC and thereby potentially improves the tolerability of cannabis as an analgesic. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, five‐way cross‐over trial was performed in 37 healthy volunteers. On each visit, a double‐placebo, THC 9 mg with placebo CBD, or THC 9 mg with 10, 30, or 450 mg CBD was administered orally. Psychoactive and analgesic effects were quantified using standardized test batteries. Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed. Data were analyzed using mixed‐effects model. Co‐administration of 450 mg CBD did not reduce, but instead significantly increased subjective, psychomotor, cognitive, and autonomous effects of THC (e.g., VAS “Feeling High” by 60.5% (95% CI: 12.7%, 128.5%, P < 0.01)), whereas THC effects with 10 and 30 mg CBD were not significantly different from THC alone. CBD did not significantly enhance THC analgesia at any dose level. Administration of 450 mg CBD significantly increased AUClast of THC (AUClast ratio: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.54, 3.08, P < 0.0001) and 11‐OH‐THC (AUClast ratio: 6.24, 95% CI: 4.27, 9.12, P < 0.0001) compared with THC alone, and 30 mg CBD significantly increased AUClast of 11‐OH‐THC (AUClast ratio: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.77, P = 0.0013), and of THC (AUClast ratio: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.04, P = 0.0446). Present findings do not support the use of CBD to reduce adverse effects of oral THC or enhance THC analgesia.
Eco‐friendly Visible Wavelength Photodetectors Based on Colloidal Molybdenum Trioxide Nanobelt Arrays
Authors: Jebakumar D. S. Ivan , Rao Rikka Vallabha
Published: July 2024

In an era marked by a growing emphasis on sustainability and innovation, the quest for eco‐friendly solutions to energy conversion devices capable of harnessing visible light has gained paramount importance. In response to this critical demand, we demonstrate visible light‐responsive photoswitching from molybdenum trioxide nanobelt arrays in the photoconductive device fabricated using solution‐processing technique. We exploit the visible light‐driven modulation of conductivity in the reversibly switchable photochromic state of MoO3 to develop a photochromism‐assisted photoconductive photodetector with fast response (<0.1 s), significant photocurrent on/off ratio and excellent responsivity (41 AW−1 at 459 nm) under the applied bias of 5 V. The light harvesting strategy presented herein holds the potential for efficient energy generation by harnessing visible light, even under low‐light conditions.
Proposal of a super trait for increased grain yield, popping expansion, and ear rot resistance in popcorn
Authors: de Almeida Rafael Nunes , Vivas Marcelo , de Souza Yure Pequeno , Saluci Júlio Cesar Gradice , Vasconcelos Luana Cruz , do Amaral Júnior Antônio Teixeira
Published: July 2024

Fusarium ear rot (FER) is a disease that causes a decrease in grain quality in several popcorn fields in tropical regions. To contribute to the development of popcorn cultivars resistant to FER and superior in the main agronomic traits, the study aimed to compare gains in popping expansion (PE), grain yield (GY), and FER resistance through direct and indirect selection strategies by proposing a new super trait. The study was conducted in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. The traits were evaluated in 41 inbred lines from four environments using a randomized block design with four replicates. Six selection strategies and four selection intensities were tested. Direct selection on GY resulted in losses in PE and small gains in FER in the majority of the environments. Positive selection on PE resulted in FER reduction in scenarios of lower selection intensity. Selection by popping volume showed a satisfactory increase in GY and PE but was not effective in FER reduction. Selection by multi‐trait genotype–ideotype distance index resulted in GY increase only in some environments, PE increase in all environments, and FER reduction in all environments under higher selection intensities. The newly developed super trait popping volume without Fusarium (PVwF) showed the possibility of increasing GY (32.90% at 88.8%) and PE (5.10% at 10.20%) while simultaneously reducing FER in all environments and selection intensities (−6.30% at −6.70%). PVwF is an easily executable methodology to help popcorn breeders optimize gains in their programs. The lines L214, L217, L292, and L328 are more suitable for use in mating blocks aimed to develop superior popcorn hybrids.
Andean common bean bulk breeding lines selected on multiple continents exhibit broad genetic diversity and stress adaptation
Authors: Sadohara Rie , Cichy Karen , Fourie Deidre , Msolla Susan Nchimbi , Song Qijian , Miklas Phil , Porch Tim
Published: July 2024

The low genetic diversity in Andean common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) presents opportunities to improve stress tolerance and increase productivity. Thus, this study aimed to develop Andean bean breeding populations and evaluate them in suboptimal environments. Phaseolus Improvement Cooperative (PIC) populations were developed by crossing 53 Andean and five Middle American bean parents using bulk breeding. Selection and evaluation in Puerto Rico, South Africa, Tanzania, and Washington State resulted in 384 superior PIC lines used in subsequent studies. The PIC lines and the parents were genotyped using the common bean 12K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip, which yielded an initial set of 10,457 polymorphic SNPs. Population structure analyses using 2334 high‐quality SNPs indicated the strongest separation between heat tolerant landrace Indeterminate Jamacia Red (ADP‐0683)‐derived PIC lines and a group of lines derived from North American parents. The PIC lines and parents were grown under water stress in Puerto Rico in 2019 (n = 288) and 2020 (n = 176) to assess agronomic traits including seed yield. The best linear unbiased predictions for seed yield ranged from 31 to 388 kg ha−1 in 2019 and from 169 to 1762 kg ha−1 in 2020. Almost all the PIC lines matched or outperformed the parents in 2019, showing the utility of crossing lines from various origins. Genome‐wide association analysis identified SNPs associated with yield under drought stress at 44.2 Mb on Pv10, which could inform genetic studies for yield and drought tolerance. Overall, the PIC populations were useful for improving the genetic diversity and agronomic performance of Andean beans in suboptimal environments.
Recycling and Reutilization of Metals Aided by Deep Eutectic Solvents: from NMC Cathodes of Spent Li‐ion Batteries to Electrolytes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Boren , Díez Noel , Sevilla Marta , Ferrer María L. , Gutiérrez María C. , del Monte Francisco
Published: July 2024

With the rapidly increasing demand for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), recycling the metals found in spent cathodes is mandatory to both alleviate shortages resulting from the mining of natural metal ores and manage the disposal of spent LIBs. The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for metals recovery from spent cathodes of LIBs (e. g., LCO and NMC types) offers a sustainable yet efficient alternative to conventional hydrometallurgical processes. Nonetheless, g efforts are required to use milder temperatures and higher mass loadings, thus ensuring cost‐effectiveness. In this latter regard, addressing the reutilization of DESs in subsequent stages of metal extraction, and streamlining or eliminating the chemical procedures employed for metal separation, is even more crucial to guarantee the economic feasibility of the recycling process. Herein, we have prepared a DES that provides extraction efficiencies of ca. 100 % for every metal of NMC cathodes even at mild experimental conditions (e. g., 60 °C) and for loadings as high as 70 mgNMC/gDES. Moreover, we have pioneered the direct use of leachates containing DESs and metals as electrolytes for supercapacitors. This approach enables the reintroduction of DESs and the recovered metals into the value chain with a minimal economic and environmental impact.
Nd:YAG Technology for Laser Hair Removal: What's New?
Authors: Nuchanatanon Thanyathorn , Jurairattanaporn Natthachat , Vachiramon Vasanop
Published: July 2024

Background

Since its inception, the Neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) 1064‐nm laser has been widely used for the treatment of hair removal. Selective photothermolysis forms the basis of its function. Without harming the skin, the laser damages the hair follicle, offering safety and potentially positive outcomes. Many years after its debut, newly developed Nd:YAG laser technology and additional indicators have been found.

Methods

The quality of the evidence was evaluated using PubMed and Google Scholar searches. A selection of articles published between 2019 and 2024 underwent a retrospective review.

Results

Updated technology, including the “in‐motion” technique, submillisecond pulse, and the combination of alexandrite and Nd:YAG lasers, achieves effective hair reduction with a higher safety profile. Other effects of the Nd:YAG laser on sweat glands, its bactericidal effects, and its long‐term effects on laser providers are discussed in this literature.

Conclusion

With minimal short‐ and long‐term side effects, the latest technology and techniques of Nd:YAG laser treatment at a wavelength of 1064 nm have been shown to be beneficial and promising for hair removal.