bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Certainty in the Decisions of the Honorary Council of the Constitutional Court: A Case Study of Chairman Anwar Usman's Ruling
Authors: Yanuarto Totok , Sari Pika , Anggono Bayu Dwi , Tanuwijaya Fanny
Published: August 2024

The existence of the Constitutional Court in the life of the nation and state is in order to guarantee and prove the existence of positive law, especially laws, so that these laws remain in accordance with the constitution so that later the constitutional rights of citizens can be maintained. The purpose of this research is as evaluation material and learning material for law enforcers, students and other parties. This type of research is included in the juridical-normative category, namely research carried out by examining theories, concepts, legal principles and regulations that are appropriate and related to the object of research. The Constitutional Court decision that has been issued against Anwar Usman cannot be challenged in the State Administrative Court because the Constitutional Court's decision is not a state administrative decision so it does not fall within the scope of what can be litigated in the state administrative court. Another reason that could be the basis for approval or inaccuracy of the State Administrative Court's lawsuit in relation to the Constitutional Court's decision is related to the ad hoc nature inherent in the Constitutional Court. Compliance with ethical standards in the decision-making process in law enforcement agencies is a crucial element in maintaining the trust and reputation of state administration in the eyes of the public. The presence of ethical standards in the Constitutional Court is considered the basis for upholding constitutional principles which are moral and behavioral guidelines for all members of the judiciary.
DEVELOPING ENGLISH LEARNING MATERIAL FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES WITH CULTURE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Yusmei Nining , Sesmiarni Zulfani , Maimori Romi , Albert Albert
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lecturer in education works closely with colleagues in Campus. Lectures are materials developers at College, in that they involved every day in matching materials to the needs of their learners. In order to do this, they select, adapt and supplement materials when preparing their lessons and they make decisions about their materials throughout their lessons in response to their learner’s reactions. This paper describes teaching/learning materials development for ELT with culture perspective in west Sumatera that Tiga Tungku Sajarangan (the three important leadherships). This paper discusses materials development in reading skill.
PENDIDIKAN DAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL QURAN
Authors: Yasmansyah Yasmansyah , Sesmiarni Zulfani
Published: August 2024

Disatu sisi di era modern saat ini kemajuan dalam bidang teknologi banyak membantu kehidupan manusia yang menjadi factor kemajuan dan oerdaban, teknologi sendiri berkembang melalui proses penelitian dan pengembangan yang memerlukan pengetahuan intelektual, eksperimen dan pengujian. Al-Qur'an memiliki kandungan yg universal & komprehensif. Dengan  Iptek, manusia mampu dengan mudah mengelola dunia sesuai dengan kedudukan manusia sebagai khalifah. Berkembang tidaknya iptek sangat bergantung pada keaktifan manusia dalam mengkaji fenomena alam, mengkaji ayat-ayat kawniyah, dan disertai dengan ayat-ayat qouliyyah. Al-Qur'an adalah panduan hayati yg mengantarkan insan buat memperoleh suatu titik jelas kebenaran. Gambaran-citra yg dimuat Al-Qur'an adalah motivasi supaya kita terus bisa menggalinya.Dari keumuman ayat Al-Qur'an itu menuntut kita buat menyelidiki apa yg sudah digambarkan Allah buat menambah tebal keyakinan insan bahwa al-Qur'an memang suatu buku petunjuk yg akan selalu kontekstual & relevan dalam setiap zaman. Tidak seorangpun bisa menyangkal bahwa pada pada Al-Qur'an hanya diletakkan dasar-dasar peraturan hayati insan pada hubungannya menggunakan Tuhan oleh pencipta, pada interaksinya sesama insan, & pada tindakannya terhadap alam pada sekitarnya, namun juga dinyatakan buat apa insan diciptakan
KONSTRIBUSI PEMIKIRAN DJALALUDDIN THAIB TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI MINANGKABAU
Authors: Ismael Fauzan , Sesmiarni Zulfani
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji kontribusi Djalaluddin thain dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam di Minangkabau. H. Djalaluddin Thaib adalah seseorang yang hanya berpendidikan “soerau”, ia telah maju dalam bidang jurnalistik, sosial ekonomi, menjadi penggerak persatuan perguruan tinggi Islam dan akhirnya menjadi pemimpin gerakan rakyat yang mengguncang suasana perjuangan politik di Indonesia. Pemikiran Jalaluddin Thaib dalam bidang pendidikan Islam pada umumnya bersifat strategis dan merupakan karya rintisan, hal ini sangat jarang dilakukan oleh para pendidik Islam sebelumnya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan dan data berasal dari beberapa sekunder dan tersier. literatur yang berkaitan dengan pemikiran Jalaluddin Thaib dan relevansinya dengan pendidikan modern. Kajian ini lebih terfokus pada perhatian dan komitmen Jalaluddin Thaib dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Indonesia dan pengembangan pendidikan Islam yang dapat dilihat lebih jauh dalam beberapa aspek pemikiran pendidikan Islam, antara lain dari segi Pendidikan Islam, tujuan, kurikulum, metode pengajaran pendidik. dan lembaga Pendidikan Agama Islam.
Nilai Relatif Kebudayaan Dan Nilai Absolut Agama Islam Dalam Pendidikan
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmiati , Jamilus Jamilus
Published: August 2024

Relativisme budaya adalah suatu pandangan bahwa budaya memiliki sudut pandang dunianya sendiri. Dapat didefinisikan juga sebagai cara pandang seseorang (suatu suku, agama, bangsa) dalam melihat kebiasaan (budaya) orang lain yang sudah tertanam kuat dalam hidup dan dipraktikannya dalam kehidupan sehari - hari. Nilai merupakan kualitas ketentuan yang bermakna bagi kehidupan manusia perorangan, masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara. Kehadiran nilai dalam kehidupan manusia dapat menimbulkan aksi dan reaksi, sehingga manusia akan menerima atau menolak kehadirannya. Sebagai konsekuensinya, nilai akan menjadi tujuan hidup yang ingin diwujudkan dalam kenyataan kehidupan sehari-hari. Sebagai contohnya, nilai keadilan dan kejujuran, merupakan nilai- nilai yang selalu menjadi kepedulian manusia untuk dapat diwujudkan dalam kenyataan. Penyelenggaraan pendidikan salah satunya adalah melalui pendidikan sekolah. Dalam keseluruhan proses pendidikan di sekolah kegiatan belajar mengajar merupakan kegiatan yang pokok. Belajar tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan mengajar, peserta didik belajar karna pendidik mengajar demikian juga sebaliknya. Salah satu usaha untuk mengoptimalkan hasil belajar adalah memperbaiki pengajaran yang dalam hal ini banyak ditentukan oleh pendidik
DUNIA ISLAM ABAD KE 19, 20, 21 DAN ISLAMISASI NUSANTARA
Authors: Siregar Maralottung
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dunia Islam abad ke 19, 20, 21 dan Islamisasi Nusantara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (library research). Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah Pada periode modern Turki terdapat tiga aliran pembaharuan, yaitu aliran Barat, aliran Islam dan aliran Nasionalis. Keberadaan Napoleon Bonaparte di Mesir pada tahun 1798 sebagai awal ekspansi barat ke Timur Tengah dizaman modren. Setelah tentara sekutu meninggalkan Mesir secara berlahan Mesir mualai bangkit di bawa kepemimpinan Muhammad Ali. Di Saudi Arabiah Periode pertama ( 1726-1817 ) pemerintahan dimulai dari adanya perjanjian antara pangeran Muhammad bin Sau’d pimpinan Ad-Diriyah dengan Syekh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab pada tahun 1157 H/ 1744 M untuk menarapkan syariat Islam. Periode kudua ( 1235-1309 H/1819-1891M ).  Di India dibentuk gerakan nasionallisme yang diwakili oleh Partai Kongres Nasional India dan juga dibentuk komunalisme yang digagas oleh Komunalisme Islam yang disuarakan oleh Liga Muslimin yang merupakan saingan bagi Partai Kongres nasional. Di Indonesia, terdapat pembaharu atau partai politik besar yang menentang penjajahan diantaranya adalah Sarekat Islam (S I ) dipimpin oleh HOS Tjokroaminoto berdiri pada tahun 1912 dan merupakan kelanjutan dari Sarikat Dagang Islam.
MADRASAH PROBLEM DAN SOLUSI PENGEMBANGANNYA
Authors: Efendi Dedi , Aprison Wedra
Published: August 2024

Pokok permasalahan dalam Penulisan ini adalah Madrasah Problem Dan Solusi Pengembangannya, pada jurnal ini problem yang ditemukan adalah adanya Kondisi guru yang belum memadai, Minimnya sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, Kurikulum, terlalu banyaknya bidang studi yang diajarkan, kecilnya sumbangan dari pemerintah sehingga menyebabkan oerasional sekolah menjadi lambat.
Tujuan pembahasan ini untuk menjelaskan Penulisan ini adalah Madrasah Problem Dan Solusi Pengembangannya. Jenis penelitian yang penulis lakukan adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) yang bersifat deskripsi kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang penulis gunakan adalah melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi. Teknik analisis yang penulis gunakan menurut Miles dan Huberman. Dari hasil penelitian Madrasah Problem Dan Solusi Pengembangannya, adapun problem yang dihadapi madrasah yakni : Kondisi guru yang belum memadai, Minimnya sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, Kurikulum, Pestasi siswa madrasah rendah, terlalu banyaknya bidang studi yang diajarkan, Kurikulum belum mengacu pada kepentingan anak didik, terjadi perubahan ataupun penyempurnaan pada Kurikulum 2013, Kurangnya alat peraga dan laboratorium, Tingkat ekonomi orang tua siswa sebagian besar menengah ke bawah, kecilnya sumbangan dari pemerintah. Solusi dari problem yang di temukan adalah copying, accomodating, anticipating, reorienting, Selecting , managing, developping.
The Impact of a Vitamin C + D Cream Combination on Striae Distensae in Primipara: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Investigation
Authors: Taheri Hadis , Kheirkhah Masoomeh , Ghobadi Ali , Eshraghi Nooshin , Haghani Shima
Published: August 2024

Background: Pregnancy striae, a common problem in pregnant women, create significant concerns about beauty in most women and there are challenges in preventing and treating them. The current research sought to investigate the impact of a vitamin “C + D” cream combination on striae distensae in primipara. Methods: The current research was a clinical study with a control group, which was carried out in parallel with 60 primipara at 18–20 weeks gestational age, who presented at Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran between 20/07/2022 to 20/01/2023. Sampling was done using a continuous method, and then allocated into two groups using a random block of 4 and 8 with the Sealed Envelope online software. One group received vitamin “C + D” cream (30 candidates) while the other group received a placebo cream (30 candidates). Both sets of candidates applied the creams to the skin of the abdomen, breasts, thighs, and hips twice daily for four months. Evaluation of the severity and quantity of stretch marks was performed with the Atwal’s numerical tool scale. An assessment was conducted by the investigator at the study center’s prenatal clinic before and at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks following the intervention. Results: There were no notable disparities in individual and obstetrical characteristics between groups before the intervention (p > 0.05). Both the intervention and control groups did not have any striae before the intervention. After 4 weeks of intervention, no striae were observed in the combination cream group, while 50% of individuals in the control group had mild striae. After 8 weeks, no striae were observed in the combination cream group, while 50% of the control group had mild striae. After 12 weeks of intervention in the vitamin C and D group, only 16% of individuals had mild striae, while in the control group, 50% had mild striae and 16.67% had moderate striae. After 16 weeks of intervention, in the intervention group, 16% of individuals had mild striae, while in the control group, 50% had mild striae and 33.33% had moderate striae. There was a noticeable disparity in the development of pregnancy striae between the two groups at every point of observation. The vitamin C and D cream demonstrated efficacy in diminishing the appearance and intensity of striae in pregnancy, as well as impacting the timing of their appearance (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Given the positive outcomes of utilizing combination of vitamin C and D to prevent pregnancy striae, along with its cost-effectiveness, safety, and reception among pregnant women, it is advisable for the prevention of striae during pregnancy. Clinical Trial Registration: The study has been registered on https://trialsearch.who.int/ (registration number: IRCT20220509054799N1; the trial was registered on 06/06/2022).
Revealing Cellular Heterogeneity and Key Regulatory Factors of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer through Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
Authors: Zhang Hu , Sun Yanan , Du Xinna
Published: August 2024

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC). TNBC has a poor prognosis due to high intratumoral heterogeneity and metastasis, pointing to the need to explore distinct molecular subtypes and gene regulatory networks. Methods: The scRNA-seq data of five primary BC samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Clustering was performed based on filtered and normalized data using the Seurat R package to identify marker genes, which were subsequently annotated to each subset using the CellMarker database. AUCell R package was applied to calculate the hallmark score for each epithelial cell. Marker genes of each subset were screened with FindAllMarkers and their biological functions were analyzed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database. Next, cell–cell communication was performed with the CellChat R package. To identify the key regulatory genes, single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) analysis was conducted. Finally, the expression and potential biological functions of the key regulatory factors were verified through cellular experiments. Results: A total of 29,101 cells were classified into nine cell subsets, namely, Fibroblasts, Fibroepithelial cells, Epithelial cells 1, Epithelial cells 2, Epithelial cells 3, Endothelial cells, T cells, Plasma B cells and Macrophages. Particularly, the epithelial cells had a higher proportion and higher transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activity in the TNBC pathotype as compared to the non-TNBC pathotype. Furthermore, four epithelial cell subsets (marked as Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD1), marker of proliferation Ki67 (MKI67), Annexin A3 (ANXA3) and aquaporin 5 (AQP5)) were identified as having the greatest impact on the TNBC pathotype. Cell–cell interaction analysis revealed that ANXA3-epithelial cell subset suppressed the T cell function through different mechanisms. C-fos gene (FOS) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) were considered critical regulons involved in TNBC progression. Notably, cellular experiments demonstrated that silencing XBP1 and overexpressing FOS inhibited cancer cell invasion. Conclusion: The four epithelial cell subsets and two critical regulons identified based on the scRNA-seq data could help explore the underlying intratumoral heterogeneity molecular mechanism and develop effective therapies for TNBC.
Manipulation of Macrophages: Emerging Mechanisms of Leishmaniasis
Authors: Nandan Devki , Brar Harsimran Kaur , Reiner Neil
Published: August 2024

As professional phagocytes, macrophages represent the first line of defence against invading microbial pathogens. Various cellular processes such as programmed cell death, autophagy and RNA interference (RNAi) of macrophages are involved directly in elimination or assist in elimination of invading pathogens. However, parasites, such as Leishmania, have evolved diverse strategies to interfere with macrophage cell functions, favouring their survival, growth and replication inside hostile and restrictive environments of macrophages. Therefore, identification and detailed characterization of macrophage-pathogen interactions is the key to understanding how pathogens subvert macrophage functions to support their infection and disease process. In recent years, great progress has been achieved in understanding how Leishmania affects with critical host macrophage functions. Based on latest progress and accumulating knowledge, this review exclusively focuses on macrophage-Leishmania interaction, providing an overview of macrophage cellular processes such as programmed cell death, autophagy and RNAi during Leishmania infection. Despite extensive progress, many questions remain and require further investigation.
Identification and Verification of the Oxidative Stress-Related Signature Markers for Intracranial Aneurysm-Applied Bioinformatics
Authors: Zhang Jiayun , Duan Pengxin , Nie Bo , Zhang Zhe , Shi Rui , Liu Qiming , Wang Shiduo , Xu Tiantian , Tian Junbiao
Published: August 2024

Background: Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a localized abnormal dilation of the cerebral vascular wall, the degeneration of which is closely related to high oxidative stress. Methods: Clinical information and RNA-seq data from five public datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Using the “GSVA” package, enrichment analysis was performed on the gene sets of the oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolism, and inflammatory pathways retrieved from the MsigDB and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted using the “WGCNA” package, followed by using the “limma” R package to select differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Key genes were determined by applying three machine learning algorithms (random forest, Lasso, and SVM-RFE). The expression levels of the key genes were verified by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in IA. Finally, ESTIMATE and CIBERPSORT algorithms were used for immune infiltration analysis. Results: The enrichment score of the oxidative stress, ROS, metabolism, and inflammatory pathways was calculated, and we found that these pathways were significantly activated in IA samples with higher immune infiltration. The intersection between the blue module related to oxidative stress (610 genes identified by WGCNA) and 380 upregulated DEGs contained a total of 209 key genes, which were further processed by machine learning algorithms to obtain four crucial diagnostic markers (FLVCR2, SDSL, TBC1D2, and SLC31A1) for IA. These key genes are highly expressed in human brain vascular smooth muscle cells. The expressions of the four markers were significantly positively correlated with the abnormal activation phenotypes of oxidative stress, the ROS and glucometabolic pathways, and suppressive immune infiltration. Conclusion: This study employed WGCNA combined with three machine learning algorithms to identify four oxidative stress-related signature markers for IA, providing novel insights into the clinical management of IA patients.
Update on the Mechanism of Action of Intravesical BCG Therapy to Treat Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Abou Chakra Mohamad , Luo Yi , Duquesne Igor , A O'Donnell Michael
Published: August 2024

While more than four decades have elapsed since intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was first used to manage non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), its precise mechanism of anti-tumor action remains incompletely understood. Besides the classic theory that BCG induces local (within the bladder) innate and adaptive immunity through interaction with multiple immune cells, three new concepts have emerged in the past few years that help explain the variable response to BCG therapy between patients. First, BCG has been found to directly interact and become internalized within cancer cells, inducing them to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for T-cells while releasing multiple cytokines. Second, BCG has a direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells by inducing apoptosis through caspase-dependent pathways, causing cell cycle arrest, releasing proteases from mitochondria, and inducing reactive oxygen species-mediated cell injury. Third, BCG can increase the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on both cancer and infiltrating inflammatory cells to impair the cell-mediated immune response. Current data has shown that high-grade recurrence after BCG therapy is related to CD8+ T-cell anergy or ‘exhaustion’. High-field cancerization and subsequently higher neoantigen presentation to T-cells are also associated with this anergy. This may explain why BCG therapy stops working after a certain time in many patients. This review summarizes the detailed immunologic reactions associated with BCG therapy and the role of immune cell subsets in this process. Moreover, this improved mechanistic understanding suggests new strategies for enhancing the anti-tumor efficacy of BCG for future clinical benefit.
Nomogram Model to Predict Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Xu Ruochen , Chen Kangyu , Wang Qi , Liu Fuyuan , Su Hao , Yan Ji
Published: August 2024

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute heart failure (HF) that can prolong hospitalization time and worsen the prognosis. The objectives of this research were to ascertain independent risk factors of AKI in hospitalized HF patients and validate a nomogram risk prediction model established using those factors. Methods: Finally, 967 patients hospitalized for HF were included. Patients were randomly assigned to the training set (n = 677) or test set (n = 290). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed for variable selection, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to search for independent predictors of AKI in hospitalized HF patients. A nomogram prediction model was then developed based on the final identified predictors. The performance of the nomogram was assessed in terms of discriminability, as determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and predictive accuracy, as determined by calibration plots. Results: The incidence of AKI in our cohort was 19%. After initial LASSO variable selection, multivariate logistic regression revealed that age, pneumonia, D-dimer, and albumin were independently associated with AKI in hospitalized HF patients. The nomogram prediction model based on these independent predictors had AUCs of 0.760 and 0.744 in the training and test sets, respectively. The calibration plots indicate a strong concordance between the estimated AKI probabilities and the observed probabilities. Conclusions: A nomogram prediction model based on pneumonia, age, D-dimer, and albumin can help clinicians predict the risk of AKI in HF patients with moderate discriminability.
Klasifikasi Jenis Kelengkeng Berdasarkan Morfologi Daun Dengan Ekstraksi Ciri RGB, GLCM, dan Bentuk Menggunakan Metode BPNN
Authors: Al Wajieh Mohammad Waail
Published: August 2024

Buah Kelengkeng mudah ditemukan di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Kultivar buah Kelengkeng sangat banyak dan memiliki karakteristik pada morfologinya, termasuk karakteristik daunnya. Banyaknya jenis buah Kelengkeng ini menyulitkan konsumen dalam menentukan jenis buah kelengkeng yang diminati. Selain itu, keberagaman jenis buah Kelengkeng ini juga berpengaruh terhadap petani dalam menentukan harga jual karena terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada beberapa jenis Kelengkeng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasi kultivar buah Kelengkeng berdasarkan morfologi daun. Jenis buah Kelengkeng yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 4 jenis, di mana masing-masing jenis menggunakan 20 helai daun. Resolusi citra yang digunakan adalah 433 x 577 piksel. Lokasi pengambilan data dilakukan di Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi fitur warna RGB, Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), dan fitur Bentuk untuk mendapatkan nilai dari setiap kultivar. Selanjutnya, nilai tersebut diolah dengan menggunakan algoritma Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) untuk memperoleh nilai akurasi yang digunakan sebagai penentu klasifikasi gambar daun Kelengkeng. Parameter metric dan eccentricity digunakan sebagai pendukung algoritma. Hasil pengujian dengan algoritma BPNN memperoleh akurasi sebesar 95%, menunjukkan bahwa algoritma BPNN dapat digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan jenis daun buah Kelengkeng.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Telekonferensi Menggunakan Teknologi WebRTC
Authors: Indrianto Faisal , Apriyanto Nicky Yuda , Al-Azam Moh Noor , Darujati Cahyo
Published: August 2024

Telekonferensi merupakan kegiatan komunikasi atau pertemuan oleh beberapa orang yang dilakukan melalui media digital. Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) adalah teknologi open-source yang memungkinkan pengguna melakukan pertukaran informasi dan komunikasi secara langsung / real-time dan peer-to-peer antar pengguna melalui web browser untuk mendukung kegiatan telekonferensi. Sistem informasi dibangun menggunakan framework JavaScript Vue.js dan Node.js, serta memanfaatkan Firebase Firestore sebagai database dan signaling server. Pengembangan sistem menggunakan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD) dan metode pengujian fungsionalitas black box. Sistem memiliki fitur untuk melakukan komunikasi audio dan video, mengirimkan pesan, mengirimkan dokumen, serta membuat jadwal konferensi. Dari hasil pengujian fungsionalitas black box yang dilakukan, sistem dapat diimplementasikan dengan baik dan bisa digunakan karena semua fungsionalitas dapat berjalan dengan normal.
Faktor - faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ketersediaan Data untuk Menilai Indikator Kota Cerdas di Kota Semarang
Authors: Kusumawati Erna , Djunaedi Achmad , Djunaedi Achmad
Published: August 2024

Kota cerdas telah diinisiasi sejak tahun 2017. Capaian kota cerdas perlu dievaluasi dalam pelaksanaannya. Penilaian kota cerdas perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat perkembangan suatu kota dalam menerapkan konsep kota cerdas. Penilaian capaian tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan indikator kota cerdas yang telah distandarkan dengan SNI ISO 37122:2019. Indikator pada SNI tersebut berjumlah 80 indikator dengan kebutuhan data sebanyak 134 data. Penelitian ini menggunakan indikator SNI ISO 37122:2019 untuk mengetahui tingkat ketersediaan data yang dibutuhkan untuk menilai indikator kota cerdas di Kota Semarang, faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan data, serta usulan strategi pengumpulan data. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah evaluasi dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan data di Kota Semarang untuk mendukung penilaian indikator kota cerdas sudah cukup baik karena mencapai 54,47% dari kebutuhan data, sedangkan indikator yang dapat diukur sebanyak 43,75% dari jumlah indikator kota cerdas. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Kota Semarang sudah baik dalam menyediakan data untuk penilaian indikator kota cerdas, tetapi perlu menerapkan strategi yang tepat untuk memenuhi ketersediaan data untuk memenuhi syarat minimal jumlah indikator yang harus dilaporkan dalam penilaian indikator kota cerdas.
Sistem Informasi Presensi dan Penggajian Menggunakan Geolokasi Berbasis Web di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Furqon Curahdami
Authors: Zahroh Siti , Homaidi Ahmad , Baijuri Achmad
Published: August 2024

Presensi adalah alat untuk mencatat jam kerja pegawai termasuk jam lembur. Presensi sangat berdampak besar terhadap kelancaran pelaksanaan tugas pegawai dan juga dapat mengefektifkan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memproses kehadiran pegawai. Presensi sangat berpengaruh terhadap gaji yang akan didapatkannya, sehingga semakin baik presensi pegawai akan semakin besar nominal gaji yang akan di dapatkannya. Proses presensi dan penggajian yang ada di MTs Al-Furqon saat ini dilaksanakan secara semi terkomputerisasi, yakni dalam proses absensi guru dilakukan dengan pencatatan manual pada buku presensi yang dilaksanakan setiap masuk dan pulang madrasah. Kemudian data tersebut akan direkap setiap akhir bulan guna kepentingan penggajian. Proses penggajian dilaksanakan menggunakan microsoft excel, dengan menghitung jumlah kehadiran dengan gaji pokok, gaji lembur dan tunjangan guru. Proses ini berimbas pada ketepatan dan kecepatan layanan yang diberikan kepada guru. Tujuan dibangunnya sistem ini untuk memberikan kemudahan kepada petugas yang terkakait dengan presensi dan penggajian, sehingga proses presensi dan penggajian lebih cepat dan akurat. Penggunaan geolokasi diharapkan dapat mengurangi terjadinya kecurangan saat melakukan presensi dan meminimaslisir adanya keterlamabatan kehadirian guru ke madrasah, sistem ini dilengkapi dengan fitur upload foto sebagai tanda bukti presensi. Perancangan sistem ini menggunakan metode waterfall. Hasil pengujian sistem menunjukkan fitur yang tersedia sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang ada di madrasah.
Analisis Keamanan Website Desa Budaya DIY Dengan Metode Penetration Testing (Pentest) dan OWASP ZAP
Authors: Nurrizki Muhammad Arifai
Published: August 2024

ABSTRAK
Website yang bertujuan menyampaikan informasi sangat membutuhkan keamanan agar informasi yang diterima tidak di curi atau di rusak. Beberapa waktu lalu website Desa Budaya diserang oleh peretas yang mengakibatkan tampilan pada website berubah dan rusak. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut akan dilakukan penelitian yang berguna untuk menganalisis serta mengetahui keamanan dan kelemahan website Desa Budaya. Cara yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis keamanan website adalah metode Penetration Testing (Pentest). Metode Penetration Testing ialah sebuah kegiatan yang berfungsi mengeksploitasi dan mengidentifikasi kerentanan keamanan. Cara ini digunakan untuk memindai target dan mengecek kerentanan, serta memiliki proses berorientasi dengan beberapa fase. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan cara Footprinting, Scanning Fingerprinting, Exploit dan Report. Pada pengujian dengan tool Nslookup mendapatkan informasi IP yaitu “103.102.146.107”. Proses selanjutnya dengan tool OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) ZAP mendapatkan beberapa celah keamanan yaitu mendeteksi 17 sub-file vulnerability. Sebanyak 6 sub-file vulnerability statusnya medium dan 11 sub-file vulnerability statusnya low. Hasil pengujian pada website tersebut dapat memberikan rekomendasi kepada pengelola agar mengecek konfigurasi di sub-file vulnerability supaya bisa meningkatkan keamanan sistem pada website.
Kata kunci:  Analisis Keamanan, Penetration Testing (Pentest), Website.
Transformation of the Organizational and Functional Model of State and Municipal Financial Control
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lukashov A.I.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the current organizational and functional model of state and municipal financial control. The author analyzes the powers of external and internal state and municipal financial control bodies and concludes that they are similar. He also summarizes the results of the analysis of the execution of budgetary powers by state and municipal financial control bodies, which are executive bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation or local administrations, for the period from 2018 to 2023, conducted annually by the Federal Treasury. This allows to identify systemic problems that require improvement of the organizational and functional model of state and municipal financial control. The article contains proposals for the transformation of the existing control model.
Aplasia cutis congénita con encefalocele
Authors: De los Santos Jennise , Braz Juliana , Gesuele Juan Pablo
Published: August 2024

La aplasia cutis es una rara alteración congénita caracterizada por la ausencia de piel, pudiendo llegar a estructuras más profundas: músculo, hueso y duramadre, como en el presente caso. Se localiza más frecuentemente en el cuero cabelludo, donde se asocia a un defecto óseo en el 20% de los casos. Recién nacido de sexo femenino, término, adecuado para la edad gestacional, vigoroso. Con diagnóstico prenatal a las 36 semanas de edad gestacional de encefalocele. Constatándose al nacimiento microcefalia, hipoplasia ósea y cutánea, encefalocele en línea media de cráneo. Se realizó manejo por equipo multidisciplinario, se practicaron varias intervenciones quirúrgicas, con buena evolución.
Hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita clásica de presentación neonatal
Authors: Cesio María Eugenia , De María Manuela , Finozzi Rosa , Moraes Mario
Published: August 2024

Introducción: la hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita (HSC) comprende un conjunto de enfermedades hereditarias que involucran alteraciones en el ciclo del cortisol a nivel enzimático. La forma clásica tiene una incidencia de 1:14.000 a 1:18.000 nacimientos, mientras que la no clásica se presenta en 1:2.000 recién nacidos. Según la enzima involucrada, las manifestaciones clínicas varían desde asintomáticas a alteraciones en medio interno que comprometen la vida, por lo que debe tenerse un alto nivel de sospecha clínica para diagnosticarla en forma oportuna. En Uruguay, desde el año 2007, se cuenta con el pesquisaje de la 17-OH progesterona, producto aumentado en la forma más frecuente de HSC. El diagnóstico prenatal mediante la búsqueda de mutaciones en el gen CYP21A2, a través de punción de vellosidades coriales o amniocentesis, o del ADN fetal en sangre materna se recomienda en HSC con ambos padres portadores de la mutación severa y el antecedente de un hijo previo con la forma clásica. El tratamiento prenatal se considera en etapa experimental, con dexametasona en fetos femeninos con riesgo de enfermedad clásica, manteniéndose con la confirmación hasta el parto. Se presenta el caso clínico de una recién nacida de 11 días con HSC perdedora de sal y virilización de genitales externos, diagnosticada por la pesquisa neonatal. Se reporta su manejo interdisciplinario y evolución.
Conclusiones: la hiperplasia suprarrenal es una enfermedad hereditaria potencialmente grave. La pesquisa neonatal constituye una herramienta efectiva para la detección de esta enfermedad. El manejo multidisciplinario es clave para el seguimiento y la optimización del tratamiento.
Widespread misidentification of SEM instruments in the peer-reviewed materials science and engineering literature
Authors: Richardson Reese , Moon Jeonghyun , Hong Spencer S , Amaral Luis A. N.
Published: August 2024

Materials science and engineering (MSE) research has, for the most part, escaped the doubts raised about the reliability of the scientific literature by recent large-scale replication studies in psychology and cancer biology. However, users on post-publication peer review sites have recently identified dozens of articles where the make and model of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) listed in the text of the paper does not match the instrument's metadata visible in the images in the published article. In order to systematically investigate this potential risk to the MSE literature, we develop a semi-automated approach to scan published figures for this metadata and check it against the SEM instrument identified in the text. Starting from an exhaustive set of 1,067,102 articles published since 2010 in 50 journals with impact factors ranging from 2 to 24, we identify 11,314 articles for which SEM make and model can be identified in an image's metadata. For 21.2% of those articles, the image metadata does not match the SEM manufacturer or model listed in the text and, for another 24.7%, at least some of the instruments used in the study are not reported. Unexplained patterns common to many of these articles suggest the involvement of paper mills, organizations that mass-produce, sell authorship on, and publish fraudulent scientific manuscripts at scale.
Still Hidden Figures: Gender and Race Representation in Children’s Educational Science Media
Authors: Chlebuch Natasha , Weisberg Deena Skolnick , Mason Rebecca C. , Bodas Aarti
Published: August 2024

There is a lack of diversity in science, hence a lack of real-world role models. This may perpetuate barriers to access to science for children, who may not see themselves represented in today’s scientists and engineers. Media could play an important role in filling the real-world representation gap by featuring women and people of color. But does early childhood science media include diverse characters? We conducted a content analysis of 251 pieces of children’s educational science media created for children ages 4-10 years (110 television shows and 141 books). We found that male characters and White characters were more common overall in our set than female characters or people of color. Male and White characters were also more likely to be depicted as main characters and as experts in science. Additionally, both male and female characters were more likely to display stereotypical rather than counter-stereotypical behaviors. Despite recent calls for on-screen diversity in media, women and people of color remain hidden figures in children’s educational science media.
A Proposed Framework for Artificial Intelligence Safety and Technology Readiness Assessments for National Security Applications
Authors: Browne Samuel , Pike Thomas , Bailey Mark
Published: August 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) within the national security sector is increasing, yet traditional Technology Readiness Level (TRL) assessments fall short in evaluating the maturity of AI-enabled systems. Challenges specific to AI, such as alignment, explainability, and control, complicate the assessment of technical risk using the TRL framework. To address this gap, we introduce an AI Readiness Level (AIRL) framework, modified from TRL, to better evaluate the risk and readiness of AI systems in national security. The AIRL framework focuses on five key criteria: alignment, justified confidence, governance, human readiness level (HRL), and data readiness level (DRL). By assessing these dimensions, AIRL identifies minimum standards for deployment, areas for improvement, and technical risks. We apply the AIRL framework to hypothetical AI systems, revealing that despite high TRL ratings, these systems often fall short in critical AI-specific areas. AIRL offers program managers guidance on advancing AI systems to higher readiness levels, with a focus on improving alignment, transparency, governance, user interfaces, and data management. The framework provides valuable insights for policymakers, developers, and operators to ensure AI solutions meet ethical and performance standards in government operations.
Assessment of the Competencies of a Technology Entrepreneur
Authors: Elashkina Anna
Published: August 2024

The article focuses on the technological entrepreneurship competencies’ assessment, which called to reduce the risks of earlier stages venture investments. The article states that such assessment is unattainable out of the real business settings or out of the specially designed business games. The article outlines the techniques for creating such type of the games, including the requirements for the scenario and the digital footprint of the player. A set of competencies is presented, along with typical statistics on their prevalence among assessed candidates. The analysis draws on the experience of business games with digital footprints involving over 25,000 players.
Influence of Family Factors on Juvenile Delinquency and Delinquency
Authors: Chen Wen-Qi
Published: August 2024

This paper analyzes the definition of juvenile delinquency, the changes in modern family structure, and the influence of family environment on juvenile delinquency and healthy family. Juvenile delinquency is defined as criminal acts committed by juveniles who have reached the age of 14 and under 25, including children and young adults. It is proposed that the changes in the modern family structure include: family size miniaturization, family structure nuclearization, family algebra reduction, family structure diversification, and so on. On this basis, the author analyzes explicitly how family factors such as family breakdown, socialization, parenting style, and the father's role affect the development of adolescents, that is, illegal and criminal activities. Finally, it expounds on how to create a healthy and healthy family.
Does an Increase in the Length of Compulsory Schooling Moderate the Relationship between Genes and Socioeconomic Outcomes? Evidence from the Education Act of 1944 in England.
Authors: García-Sierra Alicia , Grätz Michael
Published: August 2024

This study examines how the associations between genes and socioeconomic outcomes—education, income, and wealth—were moderated by the Education Act of 1944 in England, an educational reform that abolished fees for secondary schools and extended compulsory schooling by raising the minimum school leaving age by one year. We identify the causal effect of the reform using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and employing a regression discontinuity design. Our main finding is that the reform reduced the association between the polygenic index for educational attainment and socioeconomic outcomes by about one-third of a standard deviation. Moreover, individuals with a lower genetic predisposition for education benefited particularly from the reform. At the same time, the associations between family SES and socioeconomic outcomes were unchanged by the reform. We interpret these findings as evidence that the reform promoted greater equality of opportunity by reducing the association between the genetic predisposition for education and socioeconomic outcomes, a conclusion consistent with the luck egalitarian school of thought in political philosophy.
More on the Origin of Financial Economics: Early Contributions to Joint Life Annuity Valuation
Authors: Poitras Geoffrey
Published: August 2024

The origin of modern financial economics can be traced to early discounted expected value solutions for the price of life annuities. In contrast to the single life annuity valuations attributed to de Witt and Halley, the computational complexity of joint life annuity valuation posed difficulties. Following a brief review of various joint life annuity specifications, a history of joint life annuity issuance and valuation in northern Europe from the 13th to the mid-18th century is provided. With this background, the 1671 correspondence from de Witt to Hudde on possible methods for valuing joint life annuities is detailed. These methods are contrasted with the geometric method described in Halley (1693); providing impetus for examination of the analytical approximations developed by de Moivre and Simpson.
Complex Systems Analysis of Generative AI: Mapping Interdependencies in Societal Impact
Authors: Hipólito Inês
Published: August 2024

This paper applies complex systems theory to examine generative artificial intelligence (AI) as a contemporary wicked problem. Generative AI technologies, which autonomously create content like images and text, intersect with societal domains such as ethics, economics, and governance, exhibiting complex interdependencies and emergent behaviors. Using methodologies like network analysis and agent-based modeling, the paper maps these interactions and explores potential interventions. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the dynamics between key components of the AI-society system, including AI development, economic concentration, labor markets, regulatory frameworks, public trust, ethical implementation, global competition, and distributed AI ecosystems. The model demonstrates non-linear dynamics, feedback loops, and sensitivity to initial conditions characteristic of complex systems. By simulating various interventions, the study provides insights into strategies for steering AI development towards more positive societal outcomes. These include strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing ethical implementation, and promoting distributed AI ecosystems. The paper advocates for using this complex systems framework to inform inclusive policy and regulatory strategies that balance innovation with societal well-being. It concludes that embracing complexity enables stakeholders to better navigate the evolving challenges of generative AI, fostering more sustainable and equitable technological advancements.
Updating “The Future of Coding”: Qualitative Coding with Generative Large Language Models
Authors: Than Nga , Fan Leanne , Law Tina , Nelson Laura K. , McCall Leslie
Published: August 2024

Over the past decade, social scientists have adapted computational methods for qualitative text analysis, with the hope that they can match the accuracy and reliability of hand coding. The emergence of GPT and open-source generative Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed this process by shifting from programming to engaging with models using natural language, potentially mimicking the in-depth, inductive and/or iterative process of qualitative analysis. We test the ability of generative LLMs to replicate and augment traditional qualitative coding, experimenting with multiple prompt structures across four closed- and open-source generative LLMs and proposing a workflow for conducting qualitative coding with generative LLMs. We find that LLMs can perform nearly as well as prior supervised machine learning models in accurately matching hand-coding output. Moreover, using generative LLMs as a natural language interlocutor closely replicates traditional qualitative methods, indicating their potential to transform the qualitative research process, despite ongoing challenges.
Epidemiological Pattern and Case Fatality Rate among COVID-19 Patients during First and Second Wave of Pandemic in Madhesh Province, Nepal
Authors: Jitendra Kumar Singh  , Dilaram Acharya  , Ankur Shah  , Birendra Kumar Jha  , Salila Gautam  , Raman Mishra  , Kamlesh Prasad Yadav  , Binod Kumar Yadav
Published: August 2024

Background & Objectives: Evaluating multi-wave patterns of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality across spatial scales can inform public health strategies for future pandemics. However, there is limited understanding of these patterns in developing countries, including Nepal. This study aimed to analyze epidemiological patterns, fatality rates, and factors associated with severe outcomes during the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Madhesh Province, Nepal.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study used provincial health records from Madhesh Province, covering April 9, 2020, to December 15, 2021, to analyze 37,551 positive COVID-19 cases and 1,037 deaths across two waves. The study examined changes in COVID-19-related deaths, with data on demographics, residence, isolation sites, treatment hospitals, care levels, and testing laboratories. The frequency and percentage of the variables were presented. The case fatality rate (CFR) for different categories were calculated. Additionally, the case fatality rate ratio (CFRR) for the first wave against second wave was obtained. Finally, case fatality risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were presented. A p-value of <0.05 was set as statistically significant.
Results: The case fatality rate (CFR) for COVID-19 was significantly higher in the second wave, especially among the elderly (≥47 years), and in institutional isolation (7.82%). Tertiary level care and private hospitals consistently showed higher CFRs. Furthermore, the multivariable analysis of risk ratios (RR) for COVID-19 case fatality in revealed that the 25–34 year age group had the highest RR (2.39). Similarly, males had a higher RR (1.42) than females, and institutional isolation had a substantially higher RR (93.33) compared to home isolation. Primary level care RR (28.11) and government hospitals RR (4.32) showed a higher risk.  Place of residence also impacted the RR, with Sarlahi (7.68) having higher.
Conclusion: A significant increase in COVID-19 case fatality rates during the second wave, particularly among the elderly and those in institutional isolation. Higher mortality was observed in tertiary hospitals and among those who were tested in private laboratories, with substantial variations in risk ratios based on age, isolation type, and place of residence.