bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous laser disc decompression versus conventional microdiscectomy for patients with sciatica: Two-year results of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brouwer Patrick A , Brand Ronald , van den Akker-van Marle M Elske , Jacobs Wilco CH , Schenk Barry , van den Berg-Huijsmans Annette A , Koes Bart W , Arts Mark A , van Buchem MA , Peul Wilco C
Published: April 2017

Background

Percutaneous laser disc decompression is a minimally invasive treatment, for lumbar disc herniation and might serve as an alternative to surgical management of sciatica. In a randomised trial with two-year follow-up we assessed the clinical effectiveness of percutaneous laser disc decompression compared to conventional surgery.

Materials and methods

This multicentre randomised prospective trial with a non-inferiority design, was carried out according to an intent-to-treat protocol with full institutional review board approval. One hundred and fifteen eligible surgical candidates, with sciatica from a disc herniation smaller than one-third of the spinal canal, were randomly allocated to percutaneous laser disc decompression ( n = 55) or conventional surgery ( n = 57). The main outcome measures for this trial were the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for sciatica, visual analogue scores for back and leg pain and the patient's report of perceived recovery.

Results

The primary outcome measures showed no significant difference or clinically relevant difference between the two groups at two-year follow-up. The re-operation rate was 21% in the surgery group, which is relatively high, and with an even higher 52% in the percutaneous laser disc decompression group.

Conclusion

At two-year follow-up, a strategy of percutaneous laser disc decompression, followed by surgery if needed, resulted in non-inferior outcomes compared to a strategy of microdiscectomy. Although the rate of reoperation in the percutaneous laser disc decompression group was higher than expected, surgery could be avoided in 48% of those patients that were originally candidates for surgery. Percutaneous laser disc decompression, as a non-surgical method, could have a place in the treatment arsenal of sciatica caused by contained herniated discs.
3D digital subtracted CT angiography to evaluate the venous anatomy in extra-axial tumors invading the major dural venous sinuses
Authors: Lenck Stéphanie , Bresson Damien , Bernat Anne-Laure , Saint-Maurice Jean-Pierre , Labeyrie Marc-Antoine , Froelich Sébastien , Houdart Emmanuel
Published: April 2017

Background

Investigation of the venous system surrounding a tumor that is invading a dural sinus is of great use for guiding the surgical excision. Non-invasive imaging is often inadequate since enhancement of the tumor causes it to blend with the contrast of the venous vascular structures. Conventional two-dimensional angiography is also often insufficient.

Objective

The objective of this study was to report regarding the potential of three-dimensional digital subtracted computed tomography angiography (3D DS-CTA) as a technique to preoperatively explore these tumors.

Methods

We retrospectively studied the radiological and surgical features of patients explored with 3D DS-CTA for a tumor invading a major dural sinus.

Results

Three patients were included in this study, one hemangiopericytoma and two meningiomas. 3D DS-CTA allows for accurate assessment of the patency of the sinus, the location of the secondary intra- and trans-osseous venous outlets, and surgical guidance by neuronavigation.

Conclusion

3D DS-CTA could be a promising guiding and diagnostic tool for the pre- and intraoperative treatment of vascular tumors invading the dural sinuses, for which the venous morbidity and mortality is substantial.
Being Native American in business: Culture, identity, and authentic leadership in modern American Indian enterprises
Authors: Stewart Daniel , Verbos Amy Klemm , Birmingham Carolyn , Black Stephanie L , Gladstone Joseph Scott
Published: April 2017

Tribally owned American Indian enterprises provide a unique cross-cultural setting for emerging Native American business leaders. This article examines the manner in which American Indian leaders negotiate the boundaries between their indigenous organizations and the nonindigenous communities in which they do business. Through a series of qualitative interviews, we find that American Indian business leaders fall back on a strong sense of “self,” which allows them to maintain effective leadership across boundaries. This is highly consistent with theories of authentic leadership. Furthermore, we find that leaders define self through their collective identity, which is heavily influenced by tribal affiliation and tribal culture. We add to the literature on authentic leadership by showing the role that culture and collective identity have in creating leader authenticity within the indigenous community.
Influence of screw type and length on fixation of anterior glenoid bone grafts
Authors: Willemot Laurent B. , Wodicka Ross , Bosworth Adrian , Castagna Alessandro , Burns Joseph , Verborgt Olivier
Published: April 2017

Background

Bone-grafting procedures for recurrent shoulder instability produce low recurrence rates, although they are associated with complications such as graft non-union. Inadequate screw purchase is considered to play a causative role. However, excessive screw length can endanger neurovascular structures. The present study aimed to investigate how type and length of screws influences construct rigidity in a simplified glenoid model.

Methods

Testing was performed on composite polyurethane foam models with material properties and abstract dimensions of a deficient glenoid and an bone graft. Three screw types (cannulated 3.75 mm and 3.5 mm and solid 4.5 mm) secured the graft in a bicortical–bicortical, bicortical–unicortical and unicortical–unicortical configuration. Biomechanical testing consisted of applying axial loads when measuring graft displacement.

Results

At 200 N, graft displacement reached 0.74 mm, 0.27 mm and 0.24 mm for the unicortical–unicortical and 0.40 mm, 0.25 mm and 0.24 mm for the unicortical–bicortical configuration of the 3.75 mm, 3.5 mm and 4.5 mm screw types. The 3.75 mm screw incurred significant displacements in the unicortical configurations compared to the bicortical–bicortical method ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates that common screw types resist physiological shear loads in a bicortical configuration. However, the 3.75 mm screws incurred significant displacements at 200 N in the unicortical configurations. These findings have implications regarding hardware selection for bone-grafting procedures.
A Tale of Two Cities: Variations in Perceptions of Disaster Recovery and the Importance of Intersectionality
Authors: McKinzie Ashleigh E.
Published: April 2017

In this article, the author examines long-term recovery from disaster in Joplin, Missouri, and Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Tornados devastated both cities in 2011. The author asks (1) how sociohistoric contexts influenced perceptions of recovery and (2) how perceptions of recovery vary within and across social groups and geographic contexts. This research is based on fieldwork that spans 2013 to 2016, archival data, and 162 interviews. There are three main findings. First, although most White residents in both cities narrate a lasting leveling effect, people of color in both locations repudiate that claim. Second, White residents in Joplin explain their recovery in colorblind racist ways, while Tuscaloosa residents do not. Third, the author shows the ways in which social class intersects with gender and race to produce particular perspectives.
A Different Kind of Brown: Arabs and Middle Easterners as Anti-American Muslims
Authors: Zopf Bradley J.
Published: April 2017

The growth of nonwhite/nonblack ethnoracial minority groups, especially Latina/os, Asians, and Arab/Middle Easterners, is redefining the United States racial landscape. These groups, which defy straightforward racial classification and occupy different positions in the racial order, challenge narrow conceptualizations of race based on skin color and phenotype. Interviews with 53 Egyptian and Egyptian Americans reveal the existence of a brown racialization that simultaneously homogenizes, yet differentiates, brown-skinned ethnoracial groups. Their narratives indicate a brown ethnoracial category differentiated by ethnic, national origin, and religious differences. In problematizing the homogenization of this broad brown ethnoracial category, Egyptians emphasize the racialization of Islam as a key differentiating factor distinguishing them as a particular kind of brown. This research demonstrates racialization as a layered process in which race, ethnicity, national origin, and religion combine in unique ways in defining Arabs and Middle Easterners not only as brown and foreign but also more specifically as anti-American Muslim terrorists.
How Environmental Decline Restructures Indigenous Gender Practices: What Happens to Karuk Masculinity When There Are No Fish?
Authors: Norgaard Kari Marie , Reed Ron , Bacon J. M.
Published: April 2017

On the Klamath River in northern California, Karuk tribal fishermen traditionally provide salmon for food and ceremonies, yet the region has sustained serious environmental degradation in recent years. What happens to Karuk masculinity when there are no fish? Using interviews and public testimony, the authors examine how declining salmon runs affect the gender identities and practices of Karuk fishermen. Gendered practices associated with fishing serve ecological functions, perpetuate culture in the face of structural genocide, and unite families and communities. The authors find that the absence of fish resulting from ecological damage affects both food availability and the quality of social connections, which in turn affects individual gender practices and symbolizes genocide to the community. Karuk men’s individual struggles to construct themselves as men are thus interwoven with struggles against racism and ongoing colonialism. The authors coin the term colonial ecological violence to describe these circumstances. They also describe how some men restructure masculine identities by transferring “traditional” cultural responsibilities to fish, community, and “collective continuance” to new settings as activists and fishery scientists. The authors call for a decolonized sociology that uses more theorizing of the particular and very real ways ecological relationships structure gender in traditional Native communities to understand the operation of gendered and racialized colonial violence in the form of environmental degradation, today.
Peer Mentoring and Peer Tutoring Among K–12 Students: A Literature Review
Authors: Goodrich Andrew
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this literature review is to examine research on peer mentoring among K–12 students to assist practitioners with how to incorporate these instructional techniques into their own music programs. Primary themes across the music education literature of peer mentoring include the role of music teachers, the role of students as they learn from each other, and the role of socialization. This article concludes with implications for music educators and recommendations for future studies to inform practice and to guide further research into peer mentoring among K–12 students.
Fission yeast neddylation ligase Dcn1 facilitates cohesin cleavage and chromosome segregation at anaphase
Authors: Lin Lan , Chen Li , Tran Phong T.
Published: April 2017

Posttranslational protein modification such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination are critical during mitosis to ensure proper timing and progression of chromosome segregation. It has been recently recognized that another type of protein modification – neddylation – may also regulate mitosis and chromosome segregation. The conserved protein DCN1 (defective cullin neddylation 1) has been shown, when knock-downed by RNAi, to result in multinucleated cells and/or blockage of cell proliferation. However, how DCN1 functions in mitosis and chromosome segregation is not known. We report here the fission yeast dcn1+ and its role in mitosis and chromosome segregation. Dcn1-GFP localizes to the nucleus throughout the cell cycle. dcn1-deletion (dcn1Δ) leads to chromosome and kinetochore lagging at anaphase, resulting from delayed and attenuated cohesin cleavage and sister chromatids separation. These results put Dcn1 upstream of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome APC/C pathway. We propose a mechanism for Dcn1 function at mitosis.
The coordinating role of IQGAP1 in the regulation of local, endosome-specific actin networks
Authors: Samson Edward B. , Tsao David S. , Zimak Jan , McLaughlin R. Tyler , Trenton Nicholaus J. , Mace Emily M. , Orange Jordan S. , Schweikhard Volker , Diehl Michael R.
Published: April 2017

IQGAP1 is a large, multi-domain scaffold that helps orchestrate cell signaling and cytoskeletal mechanics by controlling interactions among a spectrum of receptors, signaling intermediates, and cytoskeletal proteins. While this coordination is known to impact cell morphology, motility, cell adhesion, and vesicular traffic, among other functions, the spatiotemporal properties and regulatory mechanisms of IQGAP1 have not been fully resolved. Herein, we describe a series of super-resolution and live-cell imaging analyses that identified a role for IQGAP1 in the regulation of an actin cytoskeletal shell surrounding a novel membranous compartment that localizes selectively to the basal cortex of polarized epithelial cells (MCF-10A). We also show that IQGAP1 appears to both stabilize the actin coating and constrain its growth. Loss of compartmental IQGAP1 initiates a disassembly mechanism involving rapid and unconstrained actin polymerization around the compartment and dispersal of its vesicle contents. Together, these findings suggest IQGAP1 achieves this control by harnessing both stabilizing and antagonistic interactions with actin. They also demonstrate the utility of these compartments for image-based investigations of the spatial and temporal dynamics of IQGAP1 within endosome-specific actin networks.
ChIP-seq analysis of genomic binding regions of five major transcription factors in mouse epiblast stem cells that highlights a central role for ZIC2
Authors: Matsuda Kazunari , Mikami Tomoyuki , Oki Shinya , Iida Hideaki , Andrabi Munazah , Boss Jeremy M. , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Shigenobu Shuji , Kondoh Hisato
Published: April 2017

To obtain an insight into the transcription factor (TF)-dependent regulation of epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), we performed ChIP-seq analysis of the genomic binding regions in EpiSCs of five major TFs, ZIC2, OTX2, SOX2, POU5F1, and POU3F1, using biotinylated TFs, identifying the following new features: (1) The genomic domains of megabase scale rich in ZIC2 peaks and genes, and those rich in POU3F1 but sparse in genes alternate in EpiSCs, reflecting the clustering of regulatory regions that act in short- and long-ranges, which involve binding of ZIC2 and POU3F1, respectively. (2) The enhancers bound by ZIC2 and OTX2 prominently regulate TF genes in EpiSCs. (3) The binding sites for SOX2 and POU5F1 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and EpiSCs are divergent, reflecting the shift of major-acting TFs from SOX2/POU5F1 in ESCs to OTX2/ZIC2 in EpiSCs. (4) This shift in the major-acting TFs appears to be primed by binding of ZIC2 in ESCs at relevant genomic positions that later function as enhancers following the disengagement of SOX2/POU5F1from the major regulatory functions and subsequent binding by OTX2.
Negative regulation of Endothelin signaling by SIX1 is required for proper maxillary development
Authors: Tavares Andre L. P. , Cox Timothy C. , Maxson Robert M. , Ford Heide L. , Clouthier David E.
Published: April 2017

Jaw morphogenesis is a complex event mediated by inductive signals that establish and maintain the distinct developmental domains required for formation of hinged jaws, the defining feature of gnathostomes. The mandibular portion of pharyngeal arch one is patterned dorsally by JAGGED-NOTCH signaling and ventrally by Endothelin receptor-A (EDNRA) signaling. Loss of EDNRA signaling disrupts normal ventral gene expression, the result of which is homeotic transformation of the mandible into a maxilla-like structure. However, loss of JAGGED-NOTCH signaling does not result in significant changes in maxillary development. Here we show that the transcription factor SIX1 regulates dorsal arch development not only by inducing dorsal Jag1 expression but also by inhibiting Endothelin1 (Edn1) expression in the pharyngeal endoderm of the dorsal arch, thus preventing dorsal EDNRA signaling. In the absence of SIX1, but not JAG1, aberrant EDNRA signaling in the dorsal domain results in partial duplication of the mandible. Together, our results illustrate that SIX1 is the central mediator of dorsal mandibular arch identity, thus ensuring separation of bone development between the upper and lower jaws.
Lmx1b-targeted cis-regulatory modules involved in limb dorsalization
Authors: Haro Endika , Watson Billy A. , Feenstra Jennifer M. , Tegeler Luke , Pira Charmaine U. , Mohan Subburaman , Oberg Kerby C.
Published: April 2017

Lmx1b is a homeodomain transcription factor responsible for limb dorsalization. Despite striking double-ventral (loss-of-function) and double-dorsal (gain-of-function) limb phenotypes, no direct gene targets in the limb have been confirmed. To determine direct targets, we performed a chromatin immunoprecipitation against Lmx1b at E12.5 followed by next generation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Nearly 84% (n=617) of the Lmx1b-bound genomic intervals (LBIs) identified overlap with chromatin regulatory marks indicative of potential cis-regulatory modules (PCRMs). In addition, 73 LBIs mapped to known CRMs active during limb development. We compared Lmx1b-bound PCRMs to genes differentially expressed by Lmx1b and found 292 PCRMs within 1 Mb of 254 Lmx1b-regulated genes. Gene ontologic analysis suggests that Lmx1b targets extracellular matrix production, bone/joint formation, axonal guidance, vascular development, cell proliferation and cell movement. We validated the functional activity of a PCRM associated with joint-related Gdf5 that provides a mechanism for Lmx1b-mediated joint modification and a PCRM associated with Lmx1b that suggests a role in autoregulation. This is the first report to describe genome-wide Lmx1b binding during limb development, directly linking Lmx1b to targets that accomplish limb dorsalization.
Ehmt2/G9a controls placental vascular maturation by activating the Notch pathway
Authors: Chi Lijun , Ahmed Abdalla , Roy Anna R. , Vuong Sandra , Cahill Lindsay S. , Caporiccio Laura , Sled John G. , Caniggia Isabella , Wilson Michael D. , Delgado-Olguin Paul
Published: April 2017

Defective fetoplacental vascular maturation causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A transcriptional switch initiates placental maturation where blood vessels elongate. However, cellular mechanisms and regulatory pathways involved are unknown. We show that the histone methyltransferase Ehmt2, also known as G9a, activates the Notch pathway to promote placental vascular maturation. Placental vasculature from embryos with G9a-deficient endothelial progenitor cells failed to expand due to decreased endothelial cell proliferation and increased trophoblast proliferation. Moreover, G9a deficiency altered the transcriptional switch initiating placental maturation and caused downregulation of Notch pathway effectors including Rbpj. Importantly, Notch pathway activation in G9a-deficient endothelial progenitors extended embryonic life and rescued placental vascular expansion. Thus, G9a activates the Notch pathway to balance endothelial cell and trophoblast proliferation and coordinates the transcriptional switch controlling placental vascular maturation. Accordingly, G9A and RBPJ were downregulated in human placentae from IUGR-affected pregnancies, suggesting that G9a is an important regulator in placental diseases caused by defective vascular maturation.
Pseudostratified epithelia – cell biology, diversity and roles in organ formation at a glance
Authors: Norden Caren
Published: April 2017

Pseudostratified epithelia (PSE) are widespread and diverse tissue arrangements, and many PSE are organ precursors in a variety of organisms. While cells in PSE, like other epithelial cells, feature apico-basal polarity, they generally are more elongated and their nuclei are more densely packed within the tissue. In addition, nuclei in PSE undergo interkinetic nuclear migration (IKNM, also referred to as INM), whereby all mitotic events occur at the apical surface of the elongated epithelium. Previous reviews have focused on the links between IKNM and the cell cycle, as well as the relationship between IKNM and neurogenesis, which will not be elaborated on here. Instead, in this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, I will discuss the cell biology of PSEs, highlighting how differences in PSE architecture could influence cellular behaviour, especially IKNM. Furthermore, I will summarize what we know about the links between apical mitosis in PSE and tissue integrity and maturation.
The VPS34 PI3K negatively regulates RAB-5 during endosome maturation
Authors: Law Fiona , Seo Jung Hwa , Wang Ziqing , DeLeon Jennifer L. , Bolis Yousstina , Brown Ashley , Zong Wei-Xing , Du Guangwei , Rocheleau Christian E.
Published: April 2017

The GTPase Rab5 and phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate [PI(3)P] coordinately regulate endosome trafficking. Rab5 recruits Vps34, the class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), to generate PI(3)P and recruit PI(3)P-binding proteins. Loss of Rab5 and loss of Vps34 have opposite effects on endosome size, suggesting that our understanding of how Rab5 and PI(3)P cooperate is incomplete. Here, we report a novel regulatory loop whereby Caenorhabditis elegans VPS-34 inactivates RAB-5 via recruitment of the TBC-2 Rab GTPase-activating protein. We found that loss of VPS-34 caused a phenotype with large late endosomes, as with loss of TBC-2, and that Rab5 activity (mice have two Rab5 isoforms, Rab5a and Rab5b) is increased in Vps34-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Vps34 is also known as PIK3C3 in mammals). We found that VPS-34 is required for TBC-2 endosome localization and that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of TBC-2 bound PI(3)P. Deletion of the PH domain enhanced TBC-2 localization to endosomes in a VPS-34-dependent manner. Thus, PI(3)P binding of the PH domain might be permissive for another PI(3)P-regulated interaction that recruits TBC-2 to endosomes. Therefore, VPS-34 recruits TBC-2 to endosomes to inactivate RAB-5 to ensure the directionality of endosome maturation.
In vivo reprogramming of non-mammary cells to an epithelial cell fate is independent of amphiregulin signaling
Authors: George Andrea L. , Boulanger Corinne A. , Anderson Lisa H. , Cagnet Stéphanie , Brisken Cathrin , Smith Gilbert H.
Published: April 2017

Amphiregulin (AREG)−/− mice demonstrate impaired mammary development and form only rudimentary ductal epithelial trees; however, AREG−/− glands are still capable of undergoing alveologenesis and lactogenesis during pregnancy. Transplantation of AREG−/− mammary epithelial cells into cleared mouse mammary fat pads results in a diminished capacity for epithelial growth (∼15%) as compared to that of wild-type mammary epithelial cells. To determine whether estrogen receptor α (ERα, also known as ESR1) and/or AREG signaling were necessary for non-mammary cell redirection, we inoculated either ERα−/− or AREG−/− mammary cells with non-mammary progenitor cells (WAP-Cre/Rosa26LacZ+ male testicular cells or GFP-positive embryonic neuronal stem cells). ERα−/− cells possessed a limited ability to grow or reprogram non-mammary cells in transplanted mammary fat pads. AREG−/− mammary cells were capable of redirecting both types of non-mammary cell populations to mammary phenotypes in regenerating mammary outgrowths. Transplantation of fragments from AREG-reprogrammed chimeric outgrowths resulted in secondary outgrowths in six out of ten fat pads, demonstrating the self-renewing capacity of the redirected non-mammary cells to contribute new progeny to chimeric outgrowths. Nestin was detected at the leading edges of developing alveoli, suggesting that its expression may be essential for lobular expansion.
Sperm in hot water: Direct and indirect thermal challenges interact to impact on brown trout sperm quality
Authors: Fenkes Miriam , Fitzpatrick John L. , Ozolina Karlina , Shiels Holly A. , Nudds Robert L.
Published: April 2017

Recent and future climate change alters the thermal habitat of aquatic species on a global scale, generating novel environmental challenges during all life stages, including reproduction. Changes in water temperature profoundly influence the performance of ectothermic aquatic organisms. This is an especially crucial issue for migratory fish, because they traverse multiple environments in order to reproduce. In externally fertilizing migratory fish, gametes are affected by water temperature indirectly, within the reproductive organ in which they are produced during migration, as well as directly upon release into the surrounding medium upon arrival at their spawning grounds. Both direct (after release) and indirect (during production) thermal impacts on gamete quality have been investigated, but never in conjunction.

Here, we assessed the cumulative influence of temperature on brown trout, Salmo trutta, sperm quality during sperm production (male acclimation temperature) as well as upon release (sperm activation water temperature) on two consecutive dates during the brown trout spawning season. Early in the season, warm acclimation of males reduced their fertilization probability (lower sperm velocity) when compared to cold acclimated males, especially when activation water temperature was also increased beyond the thermal optimum (resulting in a lower proportion of motile sperm with lower velocity). Later in the season, sperm quality was unaffected by acclimation temperature and thermal sensitivity of sperm was reduced. These results give novel insights into the complex impacts of climate change on fish sperm, with implications for the reproduction and management of hatchery and wild trout populations in future climate scenarios.
Impact of RNA structure on ZFP36L2 interaction with luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA
Authors: Ball Christopher B. , Solem Amanda C. , Meganck Rita M. , Laederach Alain , Ramos Silvia B.V.
Published: April 2017

ZFP36L2 (L2) destabilizes AU-rich element (ARE)-containing transcripts and has been implicated in female fertility. We have shown that only one of three putative AREs within the 3′ UTR of murine luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA, ARE2197 (UAUUUAU), is capable of interacting with L2. To assess whether structural elements of ARE2197 could explain this unique binding ability, we performed whole-transcript SHAPE-MaP (selective 2′ hydroxyl acylation by primer extension-mutational profiling) of the full-length mLHR mRNA. The data revealed that the functional ARE2197 is located in a hairpin loop structure and most nucleotides are highly reactive. In contrast, each of the nonbinding AREs, 2301 and 2444, contains only a pentamer AUUUA; and in ARE2301 much of the ARE sequence is poorly accessible. Because the functional mARE was also found to be conserved in humans at the sequence level (ARE 2223), we decided to investigate whether binding and structure are also preserved. Similar to mouse, only one ARE in hLHR mRNA is capable of binding to L2; and it is also located in a hairpin structure, based on our SHAPE-MaP data. To investigate the role of secondary structure in the binding, we mutated specific nucleotides in both functional AREs. Mutations in the flexible stem region proximal to the loop that enforce strong base-pairing, drastically reduced L2 binding affinity; this confirms that the structural context is critical for L2 recognition of hARE2223. Collectively, our results suggest that a combination of minimal ARE sequence, placement of the ARE in a hairpin loop, and stem flexibility mediate high-affinity L2 binding to hLHR mRNA.
Nesting associations between Chartergus globiventris Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and Tolmomyias sulphurescens Spix (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae) in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Souza Marcos Magalhães , Brunismann Ângela Gomes , Pires Epifânio Porfiro
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The success of social wasps is highly dependent on nest construction and colony maintenance. Species use different strategies to avoid nest predation, including forming associations with other insects and vertebrates. This study describes for the first time the association between the social wasp Chartergus globiventris Saussure and the yellow-olive flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens Spix in a deciduous seasonal forest fragment in southeastern Brazil. We located eight active C. globiventris colonies in the study site, three of which were associated with active T. sulphurescens nests. Bird-wasp associations in previous studies have been regarded as commensalism because only birds seem to benefit. However, further studies are needed to better understand the potential benefits of this relationship for both taxa.Associações de nidificação entre Chartergus globiventris Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) e Tolmomyias sulphurescens Spix (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae) no sudeste do BrasilResumo. O sucesso das espécies de vespas sociais está relacionado tanto a construção quanto a manutenção das colônias. Várias espécies utilizam de diversas estratégias para evitar a predação de seus ninhos, como a associação com outros insetos e vertebrados. O presente estudo descreve o primeiro registro da associação da vespa social Chartergus globiventris Saussure com a ave Tolmomyias sulphurescens Spix em fragmento de Floresta Estacional Decidual no Sudeste do Brasil. Foram registradas oito colônias de C. globiventris ativas em diferentes espécies arbóreas, das quais três estavam associadas a ninhos ativos de T. sulphurescens. A associação entre a ave e a vespa tem sido tratada como comensalismo, pois apenas a ave obtém vantagens aparente, como discutido na literatura. Contudo, é necessário realizar experimentações ou análises mais aprofundadas a fim de se obter afirmações sobre os benefícios dessa relação.</p
Influência da alimentação de Anagasta kuehniella Zeller(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) no desenvolvimento de Ceraeochrysa cubana Hagen (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Nunes Gilmar da Silva , Da Silva Izabela Thais Fidelis Alves , Barbosa Vinícius de Oliveira , Dantas Thais Aparecida Vitoriano , Oliveira Robério de , Batista Jacinto de Luna
Published: April 2017

Resumo. Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento biológico das fases imaturas de Ceraeochrysa cubana Hagen alimentada com ovos de Ephestia kueniella Zeller submetida a diferentes dietas com ingredientes em diferentes concentrações (%): Farinha de milho (50%) + Farinha de trigo (50%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de milho transgênico (fubá) (50%) + Farinha de Trigo (50%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de rosca (97%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de rosca (48,5%) + Farinha de trigo (48,5%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de arroz (97%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de arroz (48,5%) + Farinha de trigo (48,5%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de aveia (97%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de aveia (48,5%) + Farinha de trigo (48,5%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%). Avaliaram-se os períodos de cada estádio larval, larval completo, pré-pupa+pupa, larva-adulto, razão sexual, viabilidades larval e pupal. Dietas com farinha de aveia para a traçapromovem maior tempo para o predador alcançar a fase adulta, com farinha de arroz baixa razão sexual e com farinha de rosca baixa viabilidade pupal. Dietas contendo farinha de milho são as mais recomendadas para E. kuehniella, visando à criação de C. cubana.Influence of feeding of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on development of Ceraeochrysa cubana Hagen (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)Abstract. Aimed to evaluate the biological development of Ceraeochrysa cubana Hagen immature stages fed on eggs of the mothsubmitted to different food substrates with ingredients on different concentrations (%): Corn flour (50%) + Wheat flour (50%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Transgenic corn flour (50%) + Wheat flour (50%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Breadcrumbs (97%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Breadcrumbs (48.5%) + Wheat flour (48.5%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Rice flour (97%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Rice flour (48.5%) + Wheat flour (48.5 %) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Oatmeal (97%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Oatmeal (48.5%) + Wheat flour (48.5%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%). We evaluated the period of each larval stage, complete larval period, pre pupal+pupal period, and larva to adulthood period, larval and pupal feasibility. Diets with oatmeal provided for moth promote greater time for the predator reach adulthood, with rice flour low sex ratio and with breadcrumbs low pupal feasibility. Diets formulated with corn flours + brewer’s yeast are most recommended for Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, aiming C. cubana mass rearing.
Mosca-Branca, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em feijoeiro: Características gerais, bioecologia e métodos de controle
Authors: Silva Anderson Gonçalves da , Boiça Junior Arlindo Leal , Souza Bruno Henrique Sardinha de , Costa Eduardo Neves , Hoelhert James Da Silva , Almeida Anderson Martinelli , Dos Santos Loryene Botelho
Published: April 2017

Resumo. A cultura do feijoeiro pode ser infestada por insetos que afetam a produção antes e após a colheita, tendo como estimativa de perdas causadas nos rendimentos pelas pragas variando de 33 a 86%. Dentre essas pragas a mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Autor merece destaque. Esta ocasiona danos diretos decorrentes de sua alimentação e indiretos que ocorrem por meio da excreção açucarada de honeydew ou “mela” e simbiose com a fumagina. No entanto, o dano mais sério causado pela B. tabaci é a transmissão de viroses como o mosaico-dourado-do-feijoeiro, provocando perdas econômicas que podem variar de 30% a 100%. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é disponibilizar informações a respeito de aspectos importantes de B. tabaci, como: histórico e distribuição geográfica, bioecologia e dinâmica populacional, plantas hospedeiras, métodos de controle adotados, dentre outros, a fim de se fornecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas sobre a mosca-branca em feijão.Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in common beans: General characteristics, bioecology, and methods of controlAbstract. Common bean plants are infested by insects, which can ultimately affect the crop production before and after harvest, with estimated losses ranging from 33 to 86%. Among the insect pests infesting the common beans the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) stands out. This species cause direct injury by feeding on the plants and indirect injury by excreting sugary honeydew that is after colonized by the sooty mold. In addition, the most serious damage caused by B. tabaci is the transmission of virus diseases, especially the common bean golden mosaic, responsible for economic losses varying from 30 to 100%. This review aims at providing information on important aspects of B. tabaci including its geographical distribution, bioecology, population dynamics, host plants, and methods of pest control. We expect that this review can provide valuable subsidies for future studies on the whitefly in common beans.
Aggregation of Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) (Diptera: Somatiidae) on leaves of Solanum stramonifolium Jacq.
Authors: Carvalho-Filho Fernando da Silva
Published: April 2017

Abstract. This study reports the first observation of many specimens of Somatia aestiva (Fabricius), drinking at same time the aqueous sugar solution produced by leaves of Solanum stramonifolium Jacq.(Solanaceae) in the Brazilian Amazon.Agregação de Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) (Diptera: Somatiidae) em folhas de Solanum stramonifolium Jacq.Resumo. Este estudo reporta a primeira observação de vários espécimes de Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) consumindo, na mesma ocasião, a solução líquida produzida por folhas de Solanum stramonifolium Jacq.(Solanaceae) na Amazônia Brasileira.
Annotated keys to the species of Megaspilidae (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) of the Neotropical Region
Authors: Pezzini Cleder , Köhler Andreas
Published: April 2017

Abstract. A key to the species of Megaspilidae occurring in Neotropical Region is given, and information on the 20 species in four genera is provided, including data on their distribution and host associations. The Megaspilidae fauna is still poorly known in the Neotropical region and more studies are necessary.Chaves de identificação para as espécies de Megaspilidae (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) na Região NeotropicalResumo. É fornecida chave de identificação para os quatro gêneros e 20 espécies de Megaspilidae que ocorrem na Região Neotropical assim como dados sobre as suas distribuições e associações. A fauna de Megaspilidae da Região Neotropical é pouco conhecida e mais estudos são necessários.
Checklist and new records of Notonectidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) from Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Freires Barbosa Julianna , Dias da Silva Karina
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The braziliansavannah, called Cerrado, has the richest flora among the world’s savannahs, and the State of Goiás comprises part of this biome. We present here a checklist for Goiás based on literature and specimens collected, with 18 species of Notonectidae, including new distribution records of Martarega membranacea White, 1879, and first records of Buenoa konta Nieser & Pelli, 1994; Buenoa pseudomutabilis Barbosa, Ribeiro & Nessimian, 2010; Buenoa tarsalis Truxal, 1953; Martarega bentoi Truxal, 1949 and Martarega brasiliensis Truxal, 1949 in the State. This checklist highlights a gap in the knowledge of Notonectidae and a great necessity of works with diversity of backswimmers in Goiás.Lista de espécies e registros novos de Notonectidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) do Estado de Goiás, BrasilResumo. A savanna brasileira, chamada de Cerrado, possui a maior riqueza de flora dentre as savannas mundiais, e o Estado de Goiás encontra-se dentro dos limites deste bioma. Apresentamos aqui uma lista de espécies para Goiás baseada em literatura e espécimes coletados, com 18 espécies de Notonectidae, incluindo registros novos de distribuição de Martarega membranacea White, 1879, e o primeiro registro no Estado de Buenoa konta Nieser & Pelli, 1994; Buenoa pseudomutabilis Barbosa, Ribeiro & Nessimian, 2010; Buenoa tarsalis Truxal, 1953; Martarega bentoi Truxal, 1949 e Martarega brasiliensis Truxal, 1949. Esta lista destaca uma lacuna no conhecimento de Notonectidae e a grande necessidade de desenvolvimento de artigos com foco na diversidade de Notonectidae em Goiás.
Primeiro registro de Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) no Estado do Acre
Authors: Vasconcelos Adriana da Silva , Azevedo Tatyane da Silva , Santos Rodrigo Souza
Published: April 2017

Resumo. Este trabalho faz menção ao primeiro registro de Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) associado a frutos de carambola (Averrhoa carambola L) em quintal residencial urbano, localizado no município de Rio Branco, AC. As moscas emergidas foram preservadas em frascos contendo álcool a 70% e identificados a partir de características da perna anterior esquerda e da genitália do macho.First record of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in the state of Acre, BrazilAbstract. This work makes reference to the first record of Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) found in carambola fruits (Averrhoa carambola L.) in a residential yard located in the county of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The emerged flies were preserved in flasks containing 70% alcohol and identified by the characteristics of the anterior left leg and the male’s genitalia.
Notes on the nesting biology of five species of Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Carvalho-Filho Fernando da Silva , De Oliveira Favizía Freitas
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The orchid bees (Euglossini) are medium to large-sized species with fully or partially metallic body that are relatively common in the Neotropical Region. Nevertheless, the nesting biology of many species remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide new information on the nesting biology of five species of Euglossini found in urban and forested sites of Brazilian Amazon. The nests of Eufriesea pulchra (Smith)and Euglossa chalybeata Friesewere recorded for the first time, found in an active nest of the ant Azteca sp. and in a fallen rotting tree, respectively. The nest of Euglossa townsendi(Linnaeus) was found in the leaf of an ornamental plant Cordyline sp. (Asparagaceae), also newly recorded. Euglossa intersecta Latreillewas recorded nesting in an abandoned termite nest, and Euglossa cordataCockerell was found nesting in a tubular metal window handle.Notas sobre a biologia de nidificação de cinco espécies de Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) na Amazônia BrasileiraResumo. As abelhas-da-orquídea (Euglossini) possuem tamanho médio a grande, corpo parcialmente ou completamente metálico e são relativamente comuns na região Neotropical. Apesar disso, a biologia de nidificação da maioria das espécies permanece desconhecida. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo e fornecer novas informações sobre a biologia de nidificação de cinco espécies de Euglossini encontradas em área urbana e florestada da Amazônia Brasileira. Os ninhos de Eufriesea pulchra (Smith)e Euglossa chalybeata Frieseforam registrados pela primeira vez, encontrados dentro de ninho de formiga Azteca sp. e em uma árvore apodrecida caída, respectivamente. O ninho de Euglossa townsendiCockerell foi registrado pela primeira vez em uma folha da planta ornamental Cordyline sp. (Asparagaceae). Euglossa intersecta Latreillefoi registrada nidificando dentro de um ninho abandonado de cupim e Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus)foi encontrada nidificando em uma maçaneta tubular de metal de uma janela.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: April 2017

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) in the cat is most commonly associated with a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin production. A large study confirms the recognised risk factors for DM such as obesity and inactivity, but also demonstrates that feeding a high-carbohydrate dry food to cats with a normal body weight is a risk factor, and that some outdoor access for inactive cats is protective.
Are puppy socialisation classes enough?
Authors: Hargrave Claire
Published: April 2017

Appropriate socialisation and environmental referencing are learning processes that are an essential part of the emotional development required to produce a dog that can offer behaviours complying with human social expectations. For more than 20 years, a growing number of veterinary practices have been facilitating this learning process by offering socialisation classes to puppy owners. Despite this, veterinary surgeons continue to be requested to euthanase healthy dogs for the sole reason that their behaviour is incompatible with owner expectations. So why is this occurring? Is there something radically wrong with the manner in which puppy socialisation classes are being run? Or is puppy socialisation simply not providing sufficient emotional support to enable domestic dogs to cope in the human environment? This article considers these questions and offers some suggestions that can assist the practice team in further developing their behavioural support for canine patients and their owners.
New register to assist in choosing paraprofessionals
Authors: Sheader Kim
Published: April 2017

The Register for Animal Musculoskeletal Practitioners (RAMP) lists practitioners who use chiropractic, osteopathy and physiotherapy techniques for animals, to ensure they have proper training, appropriate insurance and work only within their scope of practice, to assist veterinary surgeons in choosing practitioners in this field and to reassure owners regarding the level of care being given to their pets.
Exploring skin anatomy, function and site-specific treatment options
Authors: Lavers Isabel
Published: April 2017

The skin is the external surface covering the human body and the immediate interface to its surrounding environment. It acts as a protective barrier from infection, injury, light and heat. To aid consultation and enable correct assessment of the skin, aesthetic practitioners need to possess an in-depth understanding of skin anatomy and function, and skin changes due to lifestyle, age, gender and disease. Having this base of knowledge ensures that aesthetic practitioners can both prescribe and provide the most appropriate treatments. This article explores skin anatomy and function, offering a brief overview of non-surgical aesthetic treatments in relation to the areas discussed. It is hoped that the information in this paper will increase aesthetic practitioners' understanding of anatomy and function in relation to the treatments they perform. It also aims to encourage practitioners to carry out further self-directed reading to enhance their existing knowledge about the effects of the treatments offered in their clinics.
Bruxism: a practical guide to treatment with botulinum toxin type A
Authors: Boxley Sarah
Published: April 2017

Bruxism is a prevalent oral parafunctional activity, affecting up to 31% of adults, and causing symptoms of orofacial pain, headache, jaw stiffness and tooth damage. While oral appliances remain the mainstay of symptomatic relief, emerging evidence surrounding the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections has shown this treatment option to be effective and long-lasting for both bruxism and the broader temporomandibular disorder. This review summarises the evidence for the use of BTX-A in patients with bruxism, provides a guide to the dosages and injection points recommended to minimise adverse events, and discusses the important anticipated side effects of reduced mastication ability and changes in the aesthetic appearance of the lower face following injections to the masseter muscles.
Skin ageing in women: how patients' perceptions differ from the facts
Authors: Tailor Rekha
Published: April 2017

A recent study has revealed that 30% of women believe stress and anxiety has caused them to age the most since turning 30. This is despite lifestyle choices, such as sun exposure and smoking, being regularly cited as causes of ageing. Rekha Tailor discusses the importance of educating patients on both the contributing factors of skin ageing and how they can make changes which will benefit their skin
Non-surgical body contouring: an ever-expanding area of medical aesthetics
Authors: Young Susan
Published: April 2017

According to recent figures published by the British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (2017) , the number of cosmetic surgery procedures has decreased since 2015. However, with many patients seeking less invasive treatments for fat loss, non-surgical body contouring modalities have maintained a steady rise in popularity. Susan Young provides an overview of ultrasound cavitation, cryolipolysis and radiofrequency
Getting the most out of training: preparation and participation
Authors: Di-Scala Naomi
Published: April 2017

Training is something that should not just be undertaken once—it should be sought after, regardless of experience. Finding relevant and high-quality courses is only one stage of the process. Delegates should aim to prepare their objectives before training begins, and apply their learning after. Naomi Di-Scala looks at ways in which practitioners can get as much as possible out of training opportunities
Saying hello to new members and goodbye to our operations manager
Authors: King Sharon
Published: April 2017

Following the start of a new membership year in April 2017, the British Association of Cosmetic Nurses (BACN) is welcoming nurses, doctors and dentists through its virtual doors. The team also recently said goodbye to its operations manager, Liz de Pass, who has made a great impact on the association's development. Board member Sharon King discusses the BACN's recent developments