bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of hospitalization for suicide attempts in adolescent girls with subsequent hospitalization for eating disorders
Authors: Soullane Safiya , Israël Mimi , Steiger Howard , Chadi Nicholas , Low Nancy , Dewar Ron , Ayoub Aimina , Auger Nathalie
Published: August 2023

Objective

To determine the association between adolescent hospitalization for suicide attempts and the subsequent risk of eating disorder hospitalization.

Method

This was a cohort study of 162,398 adolescent girls in Quebec, Canada, including 7741 with suicide attempts before 20 years of age, matched to 154,657 adolescents with no attempt between 1989 and 2019. The main exposure measure was suicide attempt hospitalization. The main outcome measure was hospitalization for an eating disorder up to 31 years later, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders. We used adjusted Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between adolescent suicide attempts and eating disorder hospitalization.

Results

Adolescent girls admitted for a suicide attempt had 5.55 times the risk of eating disorder hospitalization over time (95% CI 3.74–8.23), compared with matched controls. Suicide attempt was associated with anorexia nervosa (HR 3.57, 95% CI 1.78–7.17) and bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders (HR 8.55, 95% CI 5.48–13.32). Associations were pronounced in girls with repeated suicide attempts. Girls who attempted suicide through self‐poisoning had an elevated risk of anorexia nervosa, whereas girls who used violent methods such as cutting or piercing had a greater risk of bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders. Suicide attempt was strongly associated with eating disorder hospitalization in the year following the attempt, but associations persisted throughout follow‐up.

Discussion

Suicide attempt admission is associated with the long‐term risk of eating disorder hospitalization in adolescent girls.

Public Significance

This study of adolescent girls suggests that suicide attempt admission is associated with the long‐term risk of hospitalization for eating disorders. The risk is greatest in the year after the attempt, but persists over time. Adolescents who present with a suicide attempt may benefit from screening for eating disorders and long‐term follow‐up to help prevent the exacerbation or development of eating disorders.
A study on comparing method of motion classification using muscle bulging for control of powered prosthetic hand
Authors: Iwai Hayato , Wang Feng
Published: August 2023

Aiming at the control of a powered prosthetic hand, this paper compares methods for the classification of intended hand motions using muscle bulging patterns caused by muscle contraction. Two sheets of Polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVDF) film were used as sensors to detect the muscle bulging on the forearm caused by intended hand motions. A neural network had been successfully trained for the classification of six types of hand motions using the muscle bulging pattern detected by the two PVDF sensors. In this paper, we further studied the motion classification methods of back propagation neural network (BPNN), k‐nearest neighbor algorithm (k‐NN), and support vector machine (SVM) to compare their classification performance. We found that all three methods had a similar classification rate of about 95% for six types of hand motions. Moreover, a regressive analysis comparison of the time for each classification method to converge to 95% of the total classification rate showed that SVM converged significantly earlier than BPNN and k‐NN. The time it takes for SVM to converge the classification rate to 95% is less than 0.1 s, suggesting that real‐time motion classification is possible by using SVM. In a similar manner, we found that SVM requires the least training data of the three methods at only nine trials for a type of motion. Furthermore, SVM had the highest classification rate at about 90% in practical experimental conditions. In conclusion, SVM was found to be the most practical of the three methods.
A survey on applications of the semi‐tensor product method in Boolean control networks with time delays
Authors: Mu Tiantian , Feng Jun‐e
Published: August 2023

As regulatory networks that simulate and establish gene interactions, Boolean networks (BNs) exhibit significant delays in state updates or trajectory tracking due to environmental factors in practical applications. This paper provides a comprehensive knowledge overview of Boolean control networks with time delays (TBCNs) via the semi‐tensor product theory (STP), which includes the history of BNs, the property of STP, several issues of TBCNs and future prospects. The related problems contain controllability and reachability, observability and detectability, stability and stabilization, synchronization, output tracking and regulation, and other issues. Finally, it also points out that some areas still need further research and promotion, such as disturbance decoupling, system decomposition, identification, deep reinforcement learning, and so forth.
Expression of functionally distinct ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase/CD73 glycovariants in reactive astrocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and neuroinflammatory conditions in vitro
Authors: Adzic Bukvic Marija , Laketa Danijela , Dragic Milorad , Lavrnja Irena , Nedeljkovic Nadezda
Published: August 2023

Ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase/CD73 (eN/CD73) is a membrane‐bound enzyme involved in extracellular production of adenosine and a cell adhesion molecule involved in cell–cell interactions. In neuroinflammatory conditions such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), reactive astrocytes occupying active demyelination areas significantly upregulate eN/CD73 and express additional eN/CD73 variants. The present study investigated whether the different eN/CD73 variants represent distinct glycoforms and the functional consequences of their expression in neuroinflammatory states. The study was performed in animals at different stages of EAE and in primary astrocyte cultures treated with a range of inflammatory cytokines. Upregulation at the mRNA, protein, and functional levels, as well as the appearance of multiple eN/CD73 glycovariants were detected in the inflamed spinal cord tissue. At the peak of the disease, eN/CD73 exhibited higher AMP turnover and lower enzyme‐substrate affinity than the control group, which was attributed to altered glycosylation under neuroinflammatory conditions. A subsequent in vitro study showed that primary astrocytes upregulated eN/CD73 and expressed the multiple glycovariants upon stimulation with TNFα, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and ATP, with the effect occurring at least in part via induction of JAK/STAT3 signaling. Experimental removal of glycan moieties from membrane glycoproteins by PNGaseF decreased eN/CD73 activity but had no effect on the enzyme's involvement in astrocyte migration. Our results suggest that neuroinflammatory states are associated with the appearance of functionally distinct eN/CD73 glycovariants, which may play a role in the development of the reactive astrocyte phenotype.
Patterns of alaryngeal voice adoption and predictive factors of vocal rehabilitation failure following total laryngectomy
Authors: Landry Vivianne , Christopoulos Apostolos , Guertin Louis , Bissada Eric , Tabet Paul , Berania Ilyes , Royal‐Lajeunesse Émilie , Olivier Marie‐Jo , Ayad Tareck
Published: August 2023

Objective

We aimed to determine patterns of alaryngeal voice acquisition and predictive factors of vocal rehabilitation (VR) failure following total laryngectomy (TL) at a large Canadian tertiary care center.

Methods

All consecutive patients having undergone a TL between January 1st, 2011 and December 31st, 2019, at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal were included.

Results

One hundred and ninety‐seven laryngectomized patients were identified. Successful VR was achieved in 86 (59.0%) patients, while 59 (41.0%) failed to use a method of alaryngeal voice as their principal means of communication at 1 year postoperatively. The use of tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) was associated with higher VR success rates (70.6%) when compared with the artificial larynx (48.6%), and esophageal voice (18.8%). The only independent predictor of VR failure on multivariate analysis at all time points was a low socioeconomic status.

Conclusion

Failure to adopt an alaryngeal voice following TL is highly prevalent, despite comprehensive and free speech language pathologist services being offered at our center. A low resort to TEP at our institution and a poor acceptability and accessibility of alternative VR methods may contribute to this trend. The challenges of VR may be further exacerbated by the barriers linked to a lower socioeconomic status, which in turn may contribute to reduced candidacy for TEP.
Structure optimization and fertilizer injection performance analysis of a non‐axisymmetric Venturi injector
Authors: Hu Guirong , Guan Xin , Li Shiying , Liu Ningning , Zhang Jihong , Yam Prasad Dhital , Zhang Jinzhu , Wang Zhenhua
Published: August 2023

To improve the fertilizer injection performance of a non‐axisymmetric Venturi injector (NAVI), the effects of the contraction angle, diffusion angle, throat diameter and tilt angle of the injection pipe on the fertilizer injection performance of NAVI were examined. Based on the test, the original NAVI was optimized, and the fertilizer injection performance of NAVI before (F1) and after (F2) optimization was compared. Then, a non‐axisymmetric Venturi injector with arc diffusion (F3) was proposed. The results showed that when the water inlet diameter of the non‐axisymmetric Venturi injector was 25 mm, the optimal structural parameters were as follows: the contraction angle was 40°, the diffusion angle 6°, the throat diameter 7 mm and the tilt angle of the injection pipe was 120°. Compared with F1, the injection rate and fertilizer injection efficiency of F2 increased by 21–66 and 27–79%, respectively. Changing the diffusion section of NAVI into an arc structure was conducive to reducing the vortex area size by 11% and improving the injection rate by 20–62%. The results can provide an important reference for the structural design of Venturi injectors.
The Performance Diagnostic Checklist–Human Services (1.1): An initial assessment of validity and reliability
Authors: Jimenez Sebastian , Wilder David A. , Brand Denys , Carr James E. , Sellers Tyra P. , Mason Makenna A.
Published: August 2023

The Performance Diagnostic Checklist—Human Services (PDC‐HS) is an assessment used to identify variables contributing to staff performance concerns in human‐service settings. In the current study, we introduce and assess the test validity, interrater reliability, and test–retest reliability of the PDC‐HS (1.1), a revised version of the assessment that included revised instructions, questions, and intervention planning references. We measured the psychometric properties of the revised assessment by analyzing answers obtained from watching video vignettes of simulated interviews between consultants and a supervisor. Twenty‐one participants watched the vignettes and completed the PDC‐HS (1.1) based on the answers provided during the interview. We also included an item analysis to identify questions on which participants made errors and an intervention selection task to assess whether participants selected an appropriate intervention to target the indicated domain. The results support the use of the PDC‐HS (1.1) in human services settings.
Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in broiler feed
Authors: Ko Soo Min , Park Ji‐Eun , Lee Ji‐Young , Jeong Da Som , Kang Jiyeon , Son Kyu‐yeol , Heo In Kyung , Shin Yong Uk , Kim Yang Hee , Son Woo‐Chan
Published: August 2023

L‐tryptophan has been utilized as a feed additive in animal nutrition to improve growth performance, as well as a dietary supplement to alleviate various emotional symptoms in humans. Despite its benefits, concerns regarding its safety arose following the outbreak of eosinophilia‐myalgia syndrome (EMS) among individuals who consumed L‐tryptophan. The causative material of EMS was determined to be not L‐tryptophan itself, but rather L‐tryptophan impurities resulting from a specific manufacturing process. To investigate the effect of L‐tryptophan and its impurities on humans who consume meat products derived from animals that were fed L‐tryptophan and its impurities, an animal study involving broiler chickens was conducted. The animals in test groups were fed diet containing 0.065%–0.073% of L‐tryptophan for 27 days. This study aimed to observe the occurrence of toxicological or EMS‐related symptoms and analyze the residues of L‐tryptophan impurities in meat products. The results indicated that there was no evidence of adverse effects associated with the test substance in the investigated parameters. Furthermore, most of the consumed EMS‐causing L‐tryptophan impurities did not remain in the meat of broiler chickens. Thus, this study demonstrated the safety of L‐tryptophan and some of its impurities as a feed additive.
The changing outlook of psychedelic drugs: The importance of risk assessment and occupational exposure limits
Authors: Videira Natália Bernardi , Nair Vijayalekshmi , Paquet Valérie , Calhoun Dean
Published: August 2023

Serotonergic psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT), are currently being investigated for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Clinical trials with psilocybin and LSD have shown improvement in emotional and psychological scores. Although these drugs are reported to be safe in a controlled environment (such as clinical trials), exposure to low doses of these drugs can result in psychedelic effects, and therefore, occupational safety is an important consideration to prevent adverse effects in the workplace from low daily exposure. This article will discuss the factors involved in the derivation of occupational exposure limits (OELs) and risk assessment of these psychedelic drugs. To support the OEL derivations of psychedelic drugs, information regarding their mechanism of action, adverse effect profiles, pharmacokinetics, clinical effects, and nonclinical toxicity were considered. Additionally, psilocybin and LSD, which are the most extensively researched psychedelic substances, are employed as illustrative examples in case studies. The OELs derived for psilocybin and for LSD are 0.05 and 0.002 μg/m3, respectively, which indicates that these are highly hazardous compounds, and it is important to take into account suitable safety measures and risk‐management strategies in order to minimize workplace exposure.
A full high‐definition quantum dot light‐emitting diode‐on‐silicon microdisplay
Authors: Jia Siqi , Li Depeng , Chen Yixing , Mei Guanding , Ma Jingrui , Qu Xiangwei , Tang Haodong , Liu Pai , Xu Bing , Wang Kai , Zhang Zhikuan , Xia Jun , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: August 2023

We report a 0.39‐in. quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) microdisplay with full high‐definition (FHD, 1920 × 1080) resolution by integrating a red top‐emitting QLED on a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) backplane. By optimizing the microcavity structure and constructing a suitable energy‐level structure for the QLED devices, the performance of the large‐area (4.9 × 8.7 mm2) top‐emitting device with normal structure reached 13,936 cd/m2 of brightness at 5‐V bias with 13.3% external quantum efficiency (EQE). Notably, the optimal device showed a low turn‐on voltage of 1.7 V, which matched well the voltage output of the CMOS backplane. Our work demonstrates the great promise of QLED microdisplays for applications in head‐mounted augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR).
Selective nerve transfers to restore shoulder abduction and flexion in acute flaccid myelitis: A case report
Authors: Liu Yusha , Massenburg Benjamin B. , Otten Catherine E. , Osorio Marisa B. , Lewis Sarah P. , Hottovy Janine , Tse Raymond W.
Published: August 2023

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a polio‐like condition predominantly affecting children that is characterized by acute‐onset, asymmetric flaccid paralysis, often preceded by a prodromal fever or viral illness. With prompt diagnosis and early surgical referral, nerve transfers may be performed to improve function. Highly selective nerve transfers are ideal to preserve existing functions while targeting specific deficits. In this report, we present a case of a double fascicular nerve transfer of median and ulnar nerve fascicles to the axillary nerve, combined with selective transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to the supraspinatus branch of the suprascapular nerve, performed for a 5‐year‐old girl who developed AFM after an upper respiratory infection. Six months after the onset of the patient's symptoms, the patient had continued weakness of shoulder flexion and abduction, atrophy of the deltoid, and supraspinatus muscles, though needle electromyography revealed a functioning infraspinatus muscle. The patient had no post‐operative complications and at 2 years of postoperative follow up achieved shoulder abduction and flexion Active Movement Scale scores of 7/7 compared to preoperative scores of 2/7, with no loss of function in the donor nerve domains. The patient showed active shoulder abduction against gravity to 90° from 30° preoperatively and shoulder flexion to 180° from 15° preoperatively. This case report shows that highly selective nerve transfers may preserve existing functions while targeting specific deficits. A double fascicular transfer from the median and ulnar nerves to axillary nerve may provide abundant axons for functional recovery.
CBCT‐Based synthetic CT image generation using conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model
Authors: Peng Junbo , Qiu Richard L. J. , Wynne Jacob F. , Chang Chih‐Wei , Pan Shaoyan , Wang Tonghe , Roper Justin , Liu Tian , Patel Pretesh R. , Yu David S. , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: August 2023

Background

Daily or weekly cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans are commonly used for accurate patient positioning during the image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) process, making it an ideal option for adaptive radiotherapy (ART) replanning. However, the presence of severe artifacts and inaccurate Hounsfield unit (HU) values prevent its use for quantitative applications such as organ segmentation and dose calculation. To enable the clinical practice of online ART, it is crucial to obtain CBCT scans with a quality comparable to that of a CT scan.

Purpose

This work aims to develop a conditional diffusion model to perform image translation from the CBCT to the CT distribution for the image quality improvement of CBCT.

Methods

The proposed method is a conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) that utilizes a time‐embedded U‐net architecture with residual and attention blocks to gradually transform the white Gaussian noise sample to the target CT distribution conditioned on the CBCT. The model was trained on deformed planning CT (dpCT) and CBCT image pairs, and its feasibility was verified in brain patient study and head‐and‐neck (H&N) patient study. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and normalized cross‐correlation (NCC) metrics on generated synthetic CT (sCT) samples. The proposed method was also compared to four other diffusion model‐based sCT generation methods.

Results

In the brain patient study, the MAE, PSNR, and NCC of the generated sCT were 25.99 HU, 30.49 dB, and 0.99, respectively, compared to 40.63 HU, 27.87 dB, and 0.98 of the CBCT images. In the H&N patient study, the metrics were 32.56 HU, 27.65 dB, 0.98 and 38.99 HU, 27.00, 0.98 for sCT and CBCT, respectively. Compared to the other four diffusion models and one Cycle generative adversarial network (Cycle GAN), the proposed method showed superior results in both visual quality and quantitative analysis.

Conclusions

The proposed conditional DDPM method can generate sCT from CBCT with accurate HU numbers and reduced artifacts, enabling accurate CBCT‐based organ segmentation and dose calculation for online ART.
Robust multi‐echelon inventory management with multiple suppliers
Authors: Wang Liangquan , Yang Chaolin
Published: August 2023

We study a periodic‐review multi‐supplier series inventory system in which the demand is restricted to partial sum uncertainty sets. We present and solve a robust rolling‐horizon model for the system. We propose an induction framework to characterize the closed‐form robust optimal solution of the problem. We show that the robust optimal policy combines the echelon base‐stock policy and a gap‐of‐echelon‐base‐stock policy for the uppermost stage and a modified echelon base‐stock policy for the other downstream stages. The policy structure is easy for the manager to understand and implement in practice. The policy parameters are directly determined by a sequence of nominal partial‐sum demands, and its computation is very effective. In addition, the policy does not rely on complete information about the demand distribution; its solution can be more robust than that of stochastic optimization methods, especially when demand is highly uncertain, and forecasting is difficult. Based on the structure of the robust optimal policy, we design two heuristic policies for the system and evaluate the policies' performance through an extensive numerical study using both synthetic and real data.
Amphoteric nano‐ and microgels with acrylamide backbone for potential application in oil recovery
Authors: Ayazbayeva Aigerim , Baddam Vikram , Shakhvorostov Alexey , Gussenov Iskander , Aseyev Vladimir , Yermaganbetov Mubarak , Kudaibergenov Sarkyt
Published: August 2023

Amphoteric nano‐ and microgels based on acrylamide (AAm), 3‐acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (APTAC) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐propanesulfonate sodium salt (AMPS) were prepared via inverse emulsion polymerization in the presence of crosslinking agent—N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA). Several polyampholyte nano‐ and microgel samples AAm‐APTAC‐AMPS with compositions (70:15:15, 80:10:10, and 90:5:5 mol%) were obtained and they were abbreviated as AAm70‐APTAC15‐AMPS15, AAm80‐APTAC10‐AMPS10 AAm90‐APTAC5‐AMPS5 (where the lower indexes indicate the molar concentration of monomers). The nano‐ and microgels were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis and interfacial tension measurements. The most attention was paid to the AAm80‐APTAC10‐AMPS10 microgel because its linear analog showed the best swelling capacity and the viscosifying effect for potential application in oil recovery. The influence of monomer concentration, surfactants, volume ratio of the water/organic phases, and the hydrophilic–lyophilic balance (HLB) on the average hydrodynamic size of the AAm80‐APTAC10‐AMPS10 nano‐ and microgels was studied. The size distribution of nano‐ and microgels derived from DLS data and TEM images was compared as a function of monomer concentration at constant surfactant concentration (6 wt%), HLB = 5.5 and mixture of water:oil = 60:40 vol%. Swelling of microgel particles in saline water due to the antipolyelectrolyte effect was observed. The applicability of amphoteric microgels AAm80‐APTAC10‐AMPS10 for oil recovery was tested on cores simulating the conditions of a model oil reservoir. The obtained results indicated that after the injection of around three pore volumes of the 2500 ppm microgel suspension into the sandstone core the permeability to brine decreased from 1.5 to 0.78 mD. For the first half of core sample the residual resistance factor was higher than the resistance factor, whereas for the second part of core sample these parameters were almost equal. Additional experiments with longer cores are needed to evaluate in‐depth propagation of microgels and permeability reduction in porous media.
The diagnostic value of pulmonary near‐infrared spectroscopy in the early distinction of neonatal pneumonia from transient tachypnea of the newborn
Authors: Ozdemir Ferzane Ebrar , Alan Serdar , Aliefendioglu Didem
Published: August 2023

Aim

Pulmonary near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a new and promising tool for diagnosis of neonatal respiratory diseases (RD). The study aimed to determine the role of pulmonary regional oxygen saturation (pRSO2) values obtained by NIRS in the early distinction of neonatal pneumonia (NP) from transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN).

Methods

This prospective, observational, double‐blind study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 2020 and 2021. Late preterm and term newborns hospitalized in the NICU due to the diagnosis of TTN and NP were included. Cerebral RSO2 and pRSO2 values were measured during the 1st, 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours of hospitalization, using NIRS.

Results

Of the eligible 40 infants, 65% (n: 26) were diagnosed as TTN and 35% (n: 16) as NP. The pRSO2 values were significantly higher in the TTN group than the NP group for both apexes (75.3 ± 8.7 vs. 69 ± 5.4, p: .018, respectively) and lateral lung (77.8 ± 6 vs. 72.7 ± 6.2, p: .016, respectively) in the 1st hour of hospitalization. There were significant differences in pRSO2apex and pRSO2lateral values between the 1st and 24th hours of hospitalization and the 24th and 48th hours in the NP group (p2: .001 for both). The optimal pRSO2apex cut‐off value was >72% to predict the diagnosis of NP with a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 69.2%.

Conclusion

Pulmonary NIRS may be considered as a feasible and promising diagnostic tool in late preterm and term infants with RD. It may also be helpful for the early differentiation of NP from TTN and the courses of these diseases.
Pharmacometrics enhanced Bayesian borrowing approach to improve clinical trial efficiency: Case of empagliflozin in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fayette Lucie , Sailer Martin Oliver , Perez‐Pitarch Alejandro
Published: August 2023

We report use of a pharmacometrics enhanced Bayesian borrowing (PEBB) approach to leverage historical clinical trial data on a drug product to build models, project the outcome of future clinical trials, and borrow information from these projections to improve the efficiency of future target trials. This design takes a two‐stage approach. First, a design phase is performed before target trial data are available to determine the operating characteristics and an appropriate tuning parameter that will be used in the subsequent analysis phase of a chosen target trial. Second, once the target trial data are available, the analysis phase is performed with the determined tuning parameter. This step is where borrowing is applied from these projections to inform the results for the target trial. To illustrate how a PEBB could improve the efficiency of clinical trials, we apply our design to trials with empagliflozin for treating patients with type 2 diabetes. We performed a retrospective evaluation applying the method to a phase III target trial and a hypothetical smaller trial. The type I error could be kept below 10% while increasing the trial power and effective sample size. Our findings suggest that a PEBB has the potential to increase the power of clinical trials, while controlling for type I error, by leveraging the information from previous trials through population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation.
3‐3: Large‐FoV Fast LiDAR System based on Electrically Suppressed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal
Authors: Cheng Yue-Chu , Yuan Zheng-Nan , Sun Zhi-Bo , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar
Published: August 2023

With the continuing prosperity of LiDAR markets, the demand of
a fast‐scanning, high‐precision and inexpensive LiDAR system is
growing rapidly. In this paper, we disclose a fast‐switchable
ferroelectric liquid crystal Dammann grating and polarization
grating‐based holographic projection and detection system for 3D
imaging devices and LiDAR with an extended field of view. The
field of view of the proposed system can achieve ~80° with <0.5cm
precision at a significantly lower cost. This improvement increases
LiDAR versatility and performance in various scenarios.
5‐1: Invited Paper: Infinite Display for Meta Quest Pro
Authors: Rao Linghui , Park Yongmin , Klement Alex , Kang Chris , Park Eric , Zhuang Jim , Kim Cheonhong , Chiu Hsin-Ying , Ning Ross , Wang Daozhi , Shen Shizhe
Published: August 2023

Recently Meta has successfully launched the Quest Pro VR
headset. High resolution local dimming LCDs are paired with
pancake lenses to bring an immersive visual experience. In this
paper, we will present the overview of Meta Quest Pro Infinite
Display architecture, key user experience metrics, and discuss the
design challenges.
6‐2: Potential Failure Detection using Unsupervised Clustering and Anomaly Detection
Authors: Kim Misuk , Park Soyeong , Yoon Seokhyun , Bae Jung-suk , Hwang Nayeon , Kim Myeonghwa , Seo Jeehun , Lee Dooyoul , Kang Jung-Tae , Yoo Jeong-il
Published: August 2023

Automated Visual Inspection(AVI) is an effective way for mobile
display product to detect defects which may cause quality
problem. The rules of determining defects are based on
knowledge for an accumulated engineer's experience. However,
it is difficult to detect potential failure that may cause in the
production process, because we determine failure of panel based
on boundary samples. In this study, we propose an analysis
method to find abnormalities by quantifying the potential failure
with AVI data using unsupervised learning.
7‐1: A New a‐IGZO TFT Pixel Circuit for High‐Resolution Mobile AMOLED Display with Highly Stable at Low Gray Levels
Authors: Park Ji-Hwan , Kang Kyeong-Soo , Lee Jiho , Lee Soo-Yeon
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a highly stable amorphous indium‐gallium
zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) pixel circuit for
the active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED)
displays, which can compensate for the non‐uniform threshold
voltage (VTH) of the TFT at a low gray level. The stable operation
was achieved by minimizing the operation number of the switch
connected to the VTH storage capacitor after the VTH
compensation stage. The HSPICE simulation verified that the
relative current error rate is within only ‐15.7% at 567 pA (13 gray
level) against the VTH variations.
7‐3: A New Line‐by‐Line SWEEP Signal Generation Method for PWM Driving MicroLED TFT Pixel Circuit
Authors: Kang Kyeong-Soo , Park Ji-Hwan , Park Chanjin , Lee Soo-Yeon
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a novel method to generate a SWEEP signal
line‐by‐line for PWM driving microLED pixel circuit. The
proposed method generates a SWEEP signal based on the linearly
increasing voltage of the capacitor by flowing a constant current to
the horizontal line parasitic capacitive load. The constant current
is supplied by the sweep generation (SG) circuit in each line. Since
the SG circuit utilizes the existing SCAN signals for the pixel
circuit, additional SCAN or clock signals are not required. By using
the proposed method, an individual SWEEP signal for each line
can be generated without a significant increase in operational
complexity in the display panel.
8‐2: Invited Paper: High Mobility Top Gate Self‐alignment Oxide TFT Technology for 14.5 inch 3K*2K Narrow‐bezel Notebook LCD
Authors: Shao Xianjie
Published: August 2023

We have developed a high mobility over 20 cm2 /V•s Top Gate
Self‐alignment (TGSA) Oxide TFT technology with on‐state
current 60μA. The TGSA TFT with dual gate have two electron
channel realizing the higher mobility than single gate TFT. The
higher mobility make it possible for high resolution, high refresh
rate and narrow‐bezel design of LCDs. Therefore, combing with
the source line DEMUX 1:2 circuit design, we fabricated a 14.5
inch notebook liquid crystal display (LCD) with resolution of
3K*2K successfully using the high performance TGSA TFTs,
achieving the refresh rate of 165Hz and panel left and right
border of 1.7mm.
10‐4: Method for Separating the Optical and Display Contributions to Spatial Resolution in Augmented Reality Displays
Authors: Beams Ryan , Johnson Matthew , Zhao Chumin , Badano Aldo
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate a point‐spread function (PSF) method for
measuring the spatial resolution of augmented reality head
mounted displays (AR HMD). Spatial resolution of HMDs is
determined by optical and display performance and our method
allows for separating these contributions to spatial resolution.
Calculations illustrate the dependence of the HMD's PSF on the
relative size and symmetry of the display pixels and optical PSF
as a function of the size of target displayed. We tested our method
on the Microscoft HoloLens 2 and show that the ratio of the optics
to display PSF widths is 0.76.
11‐1: AI‐based Interaction Commonality Analysis
Authors: Park Soyeong , Kim Misuk , Yoon Seokhyun , Hwang Nayeon , Bae Jung-suk , Kim Myeonghwa , Seo Jeehun , Lee Dooyoul , Kang Jung-Tae , Yoo Jeong-il
Published: August 2023

As display technology advances, display manufacturing processes
are getting complicated. Therefore, the origins of failures are not
always from one process. Under the circumstances, applying the
conventional statistical methods to commonality analysis of
multifaceted processes is difficult because the number of cases to
be considered is millions. Herein, we propose an effective method
for interaction commonality analysis of display failures using
artificial intelligence, enabling to successfully achieve 90%
detection performance.
11‐4: 3.55‐Watt Output Power LTPS TFT DCDC Converter for Actuators on Wearable Devices on Flexible Substrate
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Lopez Mauricio Velazquez , Ameys Marc , Huang T.C. , Myny Kris
Published: August 2023

In this work, a high‐power LTPS DCDC converter on flexible
polyimide substrate is demonstrated. The diode‐based boost‐
converter upconverts its output voltage to 9V from a 3.3V source
and can reliably supply a load range of 100mA to 400mA. The
efficiency of the design is reaching 54.9%. The design contains
400.000 25μm/4.5μm TFTs, resulting in a complete footprint of
10.02cm2. The DCDC converter is suitable for driving high‐power
actuators on flexible wearables devices. Moreover, this work
reports 3.24 ampere current through the LTPS TFT in the DCDC
converter resulting in sub‐Ω ON‐resistance.
13‐1: Invited Paper: Front‐lit LCOS for AR Displays
Authors: Li Yuet-Wing , Chen Kuan-Yu , Chen Wen-Hsu , Lin Chi-Wen , Wang Chien-Tang , Fan-Chiang Kuan-Hsu , Kuo Hung-Chien , Tsai Hsien-Chang
Published: August 2023

A lightweight, compact, and high efficiency display is the essential
component for AR glasses. We proposed a so‐call Front‐lit LCOS
(FLLCOS) device to fit all performance metrics. It just weights less
than 1gram. The size of the full module is as small as <0.52cc. It
can deliver over 30000nits using Color Filter Front lit LCOS.
Recently, we are also developing Color Sequential Front lit LCOS
which can provide 3 times brighter image for AR applications.
14‐4: Efficient Multi‐stage Bayesian Optimization for Optimal Display Circuit Input Signal Design
Authors: Bliesener Yannick , Wang Zheng , Qu Shuhui , Park Jinwoo , Lee Janghwan (Jake)
Published: August 2023

To correct for threshold variations in the driving transistor, pixel
circuits rely on a complex sequence of inputs that drive the circuit
through programming and emission phase. In this work we
propose a multi‐stage optimization strategy to automate the
design of input signals for arbitrary pixel circuits. By solving for
the operation phases of pixel circuits separately and in reverse
order our algorithm efficiently finds the narrow region of input
signal designs that achieve the desired functionality in the large
search space. We demonstrate the generality of our algorithm on
two common pixel circuits, i.e., 3T1C and 7T1C.
15‐1: A Novel Compression Algorithm Application for De‐Mura Compensation of AMOLED Panel
Authors: Zuo Yini , Lee Eunho , Lee Kyoungwon , Kim Changman , Shang Fei , Qiu Haijun
Published: August 2023

A novel compression algorithm was adopted to compress De‐mura compensation data, and the compression process was described in detail. The compensation performance of 2x2 compression case is close to the original 2x2 case, and performs better than 4x4 compensation case with the same file size as it. Apart from that, the combination of De‐mura and compression also performs the good compensation results at low gray as well as low display brightness. The better performance, small space occupancy and low power consumption were reached simultaneously, indicating the effective application of combination of compression algorithm and De‐mura algorithm.
15‐4: Improvement of Gradation and Color Shift in Dark Luminance Area with Signal Correction for OLED displays
Authors: Ueno Masafumi , Shiobara Naoki , Kazemi Reza , Moriya Masaaki , Kawai Masafumi , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Yashiki Masafumi
Published: August 2023

In recent years, OLED displays have been widely used in
smartphones, in‐vehicle displays, and so on. Such applications
require a dimming function that responds to external ambient
light. It is also necessary to achieve precise gradation and color
reproducibility in low luminance levels in dark environments. In
this paper, we address two problems of gradation collapse in low
luminance levels during low luminance dimming using PWM‐
driven duty ratio control, and color shift due to current leakage
between sub‐pixels. In addition, we propose a correction method
for improving gradation reproducibility and color reproducibility,
using luminance correction.
17‐1: Invited Paper: Development of the Novel eLEAPTM AMOLED Display with Breakthrough Panel Performance
Authors: Shiomi Naoki , Hirata Noriyuki , Takeda Atsushi , Kimura Hiroyuki , Fukuda Kaichi , Kawamura Shinichi , Yamamoto Takanobu , Ishida Arichika
Published: August 2023

A 326ppi 1.4” circular RGB OLED display that has 54.1%
aperture ratio is demonstrated. The RGB OLED display was
fabricated with a novel metal‐mask‐free deposition and
lithography OLED patterning technology. The obtained large
aperture ratio is nearly double of today's standard RGB
evaporation OLED displays. Japan Display Inc. is registering
the trademark “eLEAP” for the displays made with lithography
OLED patterning. In this article, we will discuss the
breakthroughs of eLEAP in design, process, and performance
points of view.
17‐3: An 8.3‐inch 1058‐ppi OLED Display with Side‐by‐Side Pixel Structure Fully Fabricated by Photolithography
Authors: Eguchi Shingo , Oide Takayuki , Kato Sho , Chida Akihiro , Kusunoki Koji , Nakazawa Yasutaka , Idojiri Satoru , Okazaki Kenichi , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: August 2023

We developed a patterning technology via photolithography
that does not use a fine metal mask to achieve high resolution
for all RGB pixels. An 8.3‐inch 1058‐ppi organic light‐
emitting diode (OLED) display was prototyped using the
technology for an oxide semiconductor backplane over a
glass substrate. Having no restriction on alignment accuracy,
metal mask washing, running costs, etc. in the
manufacturing process of medium‐ or large‐sized OLED
displays, this technology holds promise for enabling the mass
production.
18‐1: Combining Annulus and Variable Aperture Source Methods to Separate Specular, Haze and Lambertian Reflection Components of ePaper Displays
Authors: Hertel Dirk , Penczek John
Published: August 2023

The annulus light source method separates specular and diffuse
components of reflected glare from display surfaces. Combining it
with the variable aperture source method delivers source‐size
dependence. Measuring diagnostic reflection samples and ePaper
with mirror‐like or scattering surfaces confirmed that the source‐size dependence of reflected glare comes from haze scatter.
18‐2: Equivalent Conditions for Display Sparkle Contrast Measurement with Different Optical Magnification
Authors: Isshiki Masanobu , Inouye Aichi , Endo Yukio
Published: August 2023

Display Sparkle contrast depends on the measurement conditions
strongly and complicatedly. We found that the equivalent sparkle
contrast can be obtained with different optical magnification in
high F‐number. However in low F‐number, it is difficult to obtain
the equivalent sparkle contrast because the effect of the lens MTF
and the aliasing becomes more important.
19‐2: A Novel 3D Floating Image for Human‐Machine Interfaces and Its Application
Authors: Huang Yi-Hsiang , Chen Kuan-Ting , Tsou Hung , Wu Szu-Wei , Lin Chia-Ping , Lin Chun-Ting , Liu Yu-Hsiang , Ho Jia-Chong
Published: August 2023

Recently, coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has caused massive
loss of human life and property worldwide. Many people are
devoting a lot of effort in doing research to effectively block the
route of infection. For this reason, we developed a novel noncontact
human‐machine interfaces (HMIs) that integrate light
field technology and non‐contacting touch sensing to apply the
commonly public facilities. Moreover, the methodology of lightfield
technology which provided the 3D floating image, multiple
perspectives, and naked‐eyes type is also introduced.
19‐3: Slim Backlights for Holographic 3D Displays by Advanced Coatings Capabilities
Authors: Hartung Ullrich , Gloess Daniel , Neidhardt Jörg , Drescher Andy , Sahm Hagen , Büttner Philipp
Published: August 2023

Advanced high precision AR coating stacks are key enabler for backlight units for slim holographic 3D displays. This is achieved by an optical functionalization of these units to ensure the optimized incoupling of coherent “RGB” light under an extremely shallow angle of 87°. In order to provide for a homogenous illumination, the elaborate coating stacks had to be applied with optical precision over an area of 300x200 mm² for a display size of 260x160 mm². This was achieved by advanced inline magnetron sputtering, which enables this technology for even larger display sizes. Results of the optical performance, the technology and hardware will be presented.
21‐2: The full‐color Micro‐LEDs display based on quantum dots
Authors: Yin Yanzhen , Lin Yonghong , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of Micro‐LED technology, the method of using quantum dot photoresist to realize the full‐color display Micro‐LED has received extensive attention from researchers. In this paper, the high quality red and green quantum dot color conversion layers with a pixel size of 50 um was prepared.
21‐4: Elevating the Light Output Power Density of Scaling‐down AlGaN Ultraviolet‐C Micro‐LED
Authors: Feng Feng , Liu Yibo , Li Zichun , Zhang Ke , Chan Ka-Wah , Liu Zhaojun , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: August 2023

Ultraviolet band‐C (UV‐C) micro‐light‐emitting diodes (Micro‐LEDs) with high optical power density are increasingly demanded in the utilization of sterilization, solar‐blind communications, and neuroscience for the robust structure and adjustable emission wavelength. In this work, AlGaN UV‐C Micro‐LEDs are fabricated and characterized in 5×5, 10×10, 20×20, 30×30, 50×50, 80×80, and 100×100 μm2. With pixel size scaling down, the smaller devices have the potential to emit more considerable light output power (LOP) density at the same injected current density. This LOP density sizing effect implies higher luminescence efficiencies on small‐sized UV‐C Micro‐LEDs, which could be widely adopted by the industry.
22‐1: A Novel Gamma Prediction Algorithm for FDC Region of AMOLED Panel Based on CNN Model
Authors: Xu Chaofan , Tian Xuesong , Hou Shuai , Li Jian , Zuo Yini , Wang YiFei , Shang Fei , Kim Changman
Published: August 2023

To ensure the uniformity of panel image quality, it is necessary to gamma correct the normal and FDC（full display camera） regions of the panel, but the gamma TT（tack time） is particularly long, especially the FDC takes about 110 seconds, resulting in lower production efficiency. Currently, the FDC correction algorithm uses the gamma value of the previous panel as the initial value, and its average error is about 60, and the error is large. To reduce the FDC gamma TT, this paper proposes a new algorithm based on CNN, which inputs normal gamma and predicts FDC gamma. The predicted results are taken as the starting value of the gamma in the FDC region, the starting value error is small and the FDC gamma TT is greatly shortened. Experimental results show that compared with the existing algorithm, the accuracy of the initial value of the FDC region is increased by 10 times. FDC gamma TT was reduced by about 3.5 times.
22‐3: An Adaptive Frequency Domain Demoiré Method for Display Test Images
Authors: Tang Hao , Luo Xiangao , Xu Gang
Published: August 2023

A deep learning based demoiré algorithm is applied to display
test images to remove moiré patterns and improve measurement
accuracy. The preliminary result showed better results than
traditional frequency domain filtering methods, without any
additional cost on hardware.
22‐4: Invited Paper: Deep Learning‐based Image Deblurring for Display Vision Inspection
Authors: Min Sung-Jun , Kong Kyeongbo , Kang Suk-Ju
Published: August 2023

Image quality acts as a major factor in determining its performance
in a vision inspection task. The moire pattern caused by frequency
aliasing severely degrades the visual quality in display devices,
where such high‐quality images are required. To remove these
quality undermining patterns, the images are acquired by
intentional defocusing. Then, to restore the details lost during the
image acquisition, image deblurring is used. The existing
deblurring methods fail to output satisfactory results for low
contrast Mura images. To solve this problem, we present a novel
approach using a generalized Gaussian kernel for real‐world vision
inspection tasks. We evaluated the performance and experimented
under different settings to validate the robustness of the proposed
method. The performance for the proposed method has improved
in no‐reference image quality assessment metrics.
23‐3: Distinguished Paper: A Clock Embedded Intra‐panel Interface with 1.96% Data Overhead for Beyond 8K Displays
Authors: Park Yong-Yun , Jang Won-Ho , Kim Kyoung-Ho , Ryu Kyungho , Lim Jung-Pil , Kwon Yongil , Lim Hyun-Wook , Lee Jae-Youl
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a 6Gb/s receiver for 8K displays and beyond. In the proposed receiver, a novel channel coding with 1.96% overhead is presented to guarantee minimum run‐length in the clock embedded interface. It can also reduce bandwidth for effective data transmission compared to 9b/10b coding that requires 11.11% overhead. Furthermore, we present an on‐chip eye margin tester that can measure the internal timing margin of receiver with only 1% area overhead. The prototype ICs are implemented using 0.18‐μm HVCMOS process and evaluated in an 8K 65‐inch panel.
24‐1: Invited Paper: A Novel Algorithm for Eliminating Abnormal Detection Data of Ultra‐Large 95inch 8K OLED Panels with External Compensation
Authors: Feng Xuehuan , Bao Wenchao , Meng Song , Zhang Yao , Li Yongqian , Peng Yuqing , Yu Jianwei , Dong Xue
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present a new algorithm which can eliminate
abnormal detection data of our OLED panels caused by
damaged detection TFTs. During the manufacture of oversize
OLED TVs, particles bring many serious problems especially
when they make detection TFTs be damaged and these TFTs
will cause one or even several columns of detection data to be
abnormal. The new “abnormal detection data forbidden
algorithm” will replace the adjacent normal column detection
data for the column with obvious abnormal detection data and
the new “mosaic algorithm” will scatter the detection data of
these columns that the detection data is not obviously abnormal
but they are thin lines visible to the human eyes when the panel
is working. To sum up, the new integration algorithm is very
important for improving the image quality and stable operation
of our products.