bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robotized System for Bone Drilling and Cutting in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Boiadjiev George , Kotev Vladimir , Zagurski Kazimir , Delchev Kamen , Boiadjiev Tony , Kastelov Rumen
Published: August 2013

Bone drilling and cutting manipulations are widespread in the orthopedic surgery. In free hand performance of them some errors such as an inaccurate penetration and dilate of bone hole, overheating, harm soft tissues could be occurring. The goal of this study is to design and develop control concept for a bone drilling and cutting robotized system. The proposed orthopedic system consists of two executive modules for drilling and cutting and common control panel. The control algorithms and programs for drilling have done and given in the paper. We are developing the control algorithms for cutting manipulation.
Experiment of Micro-Parts Feeding on Saw-Tooth with the Effect of the Surface Geometry Parameters
Authors: Le Phuong Hoai , Dinh Thien Xuan , Mitani Atsushi , Hirai Shinichi
Published: August 2013

In this work, we study experimentally the effect of the geometry parameters of saw-tooth surface and micro-part on the motion of micro-parts. The experiments are performed for a range of saw-tooth pitch,p, micro-part length,l, and exciting frequency applied to the surface,f. By the use of particle tracking velocimetry method, we can achieve time-dependent velocity, and then ensemble-averaged velocity of the micro-parts. The results show that for differentlandpbut the same relative scalel/p, the profiles of micro-part velocity against the characteristic surface velocitypfare similar. However, they shift alongpfaxis depending onp. Furthermore, the profiles are the similar for the relative scalel/pof 4 to 100. It seems that the motion of micro-part depends on characteristic surface velocitypfthan the relative scalel/pforl/plarger than a certain value.
Design of on Line Car Battery Monitor System Base on FPGA
Authors: Yu Fei , Jie Zhao , Wang Jing Xia , Li Liu
Published: August 2013

For the reason of high failure rate of car battery and car electric generator, an on line car battery monitor base on Altera FPGA/CPLD chip MAX serials was realized, which combining with the AD collection and power handling technology. The equipment can monitor the voltage, quantity, current leakage of the battery and the electric generator failure. It can make judgment of battery performance and has a good application value.
Design and Implementation of Interactive Landscape Based on Video Stream
Authors: Gao Yong Ping
Published: August 2013

This paper introduces an integral project about a set of video-based implementations of view interactive landscape, and determines the main technical difficulties in the implementation process and finds out solutions with the help of system architecture design, equipment selection, development of communication protocols, the picture of the acquisition, comparison, flexible timer application steps, particularly in images matching process it raises some unique solutions for the picture area, pixels brightness threshold setting, regional similarity threshold setting, image dithering elimination to achieve a good video stream under landscape light interaction and the project is successfully put into application.
Relaxed Parallel Modulus-Based Matrix Multisplitting Iterative Methods for Linear Complementarity Problem
Authors: Duan Ban Xiang , Zeng Dong Hai , Yu Ai Min
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the authors establish a class of relaxed parallel modulus-based matrix multisplitting iteration methods for large sparse linear complementarity problems, based on the multisplittings of the coefficient matrix. And then, they prove their convergence when the system matrices are H-matrix with positive diagonal elements. These results naturally present convergence conditions for the symmetric positive definite matrices and the M-matrices.
A Study on Deburring Process of Micro Channel Using Ep and MAP Hybrid Process
Authors: Park Chang Geun , Son Byung Hun , Kwak Jae Seob
Published: August 2013

Magnetic abrasive polishing is one of the most promising finishing methods applicable to complex surfaces. Nevertheless this process has a low efficiency when applied to very hardened materials. For this reason, EP-MAP hybrid process was developed. EP-MAP process is expected to machine complex and hardened materials.In this study, deburring process using EP-MAP hybrid process was proposed. EP-MAP hybrid deburring process is applied to micro channel, and thereby it can obtain both deburring process and polishing process. To evaluate the performance criteria of the EP-MAP hybrid deburring process, EP-MAP hybrid deburring process on the micro channel was performed. Through investigating the effect of working parameters, namely magnetic flux density, electric potential, working gap and feed rate, error of height and surface roughness according to working parameter is analyzed using design of experiment method.
Thickness Dependent Direct Current Electrical Conduction in Plasma Polymerized Pyrrole Monolayer Thin Films
Authors: Kamal M.M. , Bhuiyan A.H.
Published: August 2013

The thickness dependent direct current electrical conduction mechanism in plasma polymerized pyrrole (PPPy) monolayer thin films has been discussed in this paper. A parallel plate capacitively coupled glow discharge reactor was used to deposit PPPy thin films at room temperature onto glass substrates. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses showed that the spectrum of PPPy is very much different than that of the pyrrole monomer and indicated that the monomer has undergone the re-organization during the plasma polymerization. The current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics of PPPy monolayer thin films of different thicknesses indicated an increase in electrical conductivity in the thin films of lower thickness. It is seen that in the low voltage region, the current conduction obeys Ohms law while the charge transport phenomenon appears to be the space charge limited conduction (SCLC) in the higher voltage region. The permittivity, free charge carrier density, and the mobility of the charges of the PPPy monolayer thin films have been calculated from the experimental data of J-V characteristics and found to be 1.07 × 10-10 C2N-1m-2, (3.56 ± 0.01) × 1022 m-3, (4.4 ± 0.01) × 10-19 m2 V-1s-1 respectively.
The Research of Micro-Flocculation Suspended Sludge Filtration Technology in the Treatment of Oilfield Wastewater
Authors: Feng Jin Lai , Zhang Lei , Wang Song , Zeng Ye Ming
Published: August 2013

Enhanced Oil Recovery has been used in most oil field of China, but the oil field wastewater was more difficult to treat than that from water flooding. In this paper, FX flocculants (FX-F) prepared in our laboratory was chosen as the optimal flocculants compared with aluminium polychlorid (PAC), polyaluminium ferric chloride (PAFC). The optimal dosage of FX flocculants was 4 mg/L based on the field test, at which the SS content of treated oil field wastewater reduced sharply within 10 hours. The 15 mg/L of the FX-F would be the most convenient to form the sludge layer. Taking FX-F as flocculants, the oil field wastewater was treated in the micro-flocculation suspended sludge filtration process, and the results showed that the SS and Oil of wastewater could be significantly be reduced. In the end, the average oil content was lower than 1 mg/L and the removal rate can reach 99%, and the average content and the removal efficiency of SS was 1.26 mg/L and 95% respectively, which can really meet the standards for oil field rejection water.
Water-Fertilizer Coupling Effects and Efficient Utilization under Peanut-Millet Interplanting Conditions
Authors: Feng Liang Shan , Sun Zhan Xiang , Zheng Jia Ming
Published: August 2013

In this study, the results showed that water is the most important factor to affect crop yields and optimum soil moisture is lower under the conditions of peanut-and-millet interplanting. Thus, peanut-and-millet interplanting is generally able to fit most of the semi-arid region. In the interaction of various factors, the coupling effect of water and phosphorus was stronger than the coupling effect of fertilizers, following by the coupling effect of water and nitrogen. Among peanuts factors of water, nitrogen, and multi-factorial interaction of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus, water and nitrogen showed a negative effect, whereas the two-factor interactions had a positive effect. There were some differences between peanut and millet in the need for water and fertilizer, in which peanut required more nitrogen and millet needed slightly higher soil moisture and phosphorus. When other factors were in rich level, both of the optimal value for single factors of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus and the optimal value for two-factor interactions of water-nitrogen, water-phosphorus, and nitrogen-phosphorus, were higher than the optimal value for the interaction of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The tiny demand difference on moisture in peanut-millet interplanting could be compromised by configuring a reasonable interplanting population structure and the corresponding demand difference on fertilizer could be resolved by uneven crop planting strips. Under the condition of water-nitrogen-phosphorus interaction, the soil moisture content optimal for peanut accounted for 57.3% of the field capacity, and the related appropriate application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 0.98 g/pot (81.18 kg/hm2) and 0.39g/pot (32.18 kg/hm2), respectively. Likewise, the soil moisture content optimal for millet was 59.1% of the field capacity, and the counterpart appropriate application rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 0.57 g/pot (47.03 kg/hm2) and 0.45g / pot (37.13 kg/hm2), respectively.
Kinetics of Chromium Ion Removal from Wastewater with Internal Circulation Foam Flotation
Authors: Wang De Jin , Lin Na
Published: August 2013

A new type of foam fractionation column with spiral internal had been designed for enhancing the foam drainage and thus for the removal of minute hazardous materials. Chromium was separated from wastewater using the continuous foam separation method. According to the similar physical behavior of foam separation and chemical reaction processes, the equivalent chemical reaction constant was introduced, Establishment concentrate distributed mathematical model of the whole tower under the condition of continuous foam separation with SDS as active agent. The model has been tested by experiments. The result indicated that foam separation process could be regarded as a first order reaction, and diffusion coefficient was 4.86cm2/s.
Effect of Enhanced Conditions (C, N and Ultrasonic Power) on the Biodegradation of Mixed Endocrine Disrupting Compounds by Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Li Yu , Zhou Chang Zhi , Zhang Chen , Cai Xiao Yu , Meng Chong
Published: August 2013

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as estrone (E1), estrodiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA) were biodegraded byPseudomonas Putida. Under the fixed conditions of inoculums size and substrate concentration, the influences of enhanced conditions, such as carbon source, nitrogen source and ultrasonic power, had been investigated. The biodegradation rates of EDCs have increased by 16.98-40.15% and 18.37-24.86% after adding carbon source and nitrogen source, respectively. Ultrasonic power can improve the biodegradation rate by 14.09-24.66%. Meanwhile, the biodegradation rate could be up to about 90% under the external conditions. The study provided a basis for the enhance control of EDCs and other contaminants.
Study on Low Frequency Horizontal Motions of a Large Caisson in Severe Current
Authors: Yang Yan Hua , Wu Shao Bo , Niu Zhao
Published: August 2013

Caisson is a commonly used foundation in modern bridge engineering. When the caisson is sinking towards the seabed, it will suffer from the coupled effects of wind, current and its mooring system, under which an intense horizontal oscillation might occur. The mechanism of this kind of oscillation can be concluded as Vortex Induced Motions (VIM) of a large floating object in resilience mooring system. In this paper, through numerical simulation of the viscous flow field around a certain caisson, the mechanism of vortex shedding under different current velocity is discussed.
Continuous Strength Method for Aluminium Alloy Structures
Authors: Su Mei Ni , Young Ben , Gardner Leroy
Published: August 2013

Aluminium alloys are nonlinear metallic materials with continuous stress-strain curves that are not well represented by the simplified elastic, perfectly plastic material model used in many current design specifications. Departing from current practice, the continuous strength method (CSM) is a recently proposed design approach for non-slender aluminium alloy structures with consideration of strain hardening. The CSM is deformation based and employs a base curve to define a continuous relationship between cross-section slenderness and deformation capacity. This paper explains the background and the two key components - (1) the base curve and (2) the strain hardening material model of the continuous strength method. More than 500 test results are used to verify the continuous strength methodas an accurate and consistent design method for aluminium alloy structures.
Evaluation of the Rutting Deformation Data of Asphalt Mixtures during Continuous Cycle Testing Based on Short-Cycle Wheel Tracking Testing
Authors: Hadiwardoyo Sigit Pranowo
Published: August 2013

Research on rutting deformation was performed using a wheel tracking machine (WTM) in the laboratory. The limited capabilities of the equipment, which can run for 1,260 cycles, are often an obstacle to accomplishing more in-depth analysis. This study evaluated the use of two types of asphalt mixtures based on the penetration value and the temperatures. The goal of this study was to use the WTM at a short cycle capacity to collect up to 3,780 cycles to reach plastic deformation (secondary zone). The curve is not continuous due to the lag time between each step of the test. The model was developed based on the changes in the deformation for each cycle. A method is proposed to evaluate the relationship between the rutting deformation curve and the load cycles of WTM during testing. The results showed that the curve is the power function with R2 values from 0.963 to 1.000. This model can improve the shape of the curve with the addition of a reload step in the WTM short cycle.
Dissipative Knee Bracing for Seismic Strengthening of Steel Frames
Authors: Valente Marco
Published: August 2013

This study investigates the effectiveness of dissipative knee bracing as seismic performance improvement strategy for steel frames. A simplified model of a knee element is used for global analyses of frames in order to accurately simulate the bending and shear behaviour observed in laboratory tests reported in literature. The seismic response of a five-storey steel frame incorporating dissipative knee elements is investigated. Nonlinear static analyses are performed to estimate the deformation capacity of the frame and to assess the sequence of yielding in the members. Nonlinear dynamic analyses with different seismic intensity levels are carried out to compare the seismic behaviour of the steel frame in the unprotected and protected configurations. The results of the numerical investigations show that the use of knee elements has the potential to improve the seismic performance of steel frames.
Study on Dynamic Second-Order Effects of SDOF System under Vertical Earthquake Loading
Authors: Han Feng Xia , Yu Jiang
Published: August 2013

The paper studied the dynamic second order effects response of the single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system under vertical earthquake ground motions. The following achievements have been made: (1) the motion equations under vertical earthquake loading with second-order effects were established; (2) through numerical analysis, the regular patterns of structural dynamic second-order effects subjected to vertical earthquake loading are uncertain.
Research on Color Design in Reconstruction of Architectures Alongside Streets Based on Building Materials
Authors: Li Ye Ling , Wang Xin Yu
Published: August 2013

With the development of the society, peoples requirement for façade and image of the constructions in the city has changed. This thesis, taking the warm-housing project in Changchun for example, studies the color design and the choice and improvement of the materials used in architectures, and it also analyses the influence of the color design and the choice of architectural material on the whole city image and the importance of the design in architectures.
Functional Modification and Preparation of Superparamagnetic Fe3O4
Authors: Sun Xiao Feng , Li Ya Jing
Published: August 2013

Functional modification of the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was studied using silane coupling reagent A151. The modified and unmodified nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, XPS, TEM, DLS and VSM. Both of the unmodified and modified Fe3O4 particles show superparamagnetic behavior, and their saturation magnetic values were determined to be 81.14 emu/g and 73.0 emu/g, respectively. A151 was adsorbed on surface and formed chemical bond to be steric hindrance repulsion which prevented nanoparticles from reuniting. The dispersion properties of modified Fe3O4 particles were associated with the mass ratio of A151/Fe3O4.
Study of Waste Rigid Polyurethane Plastic Foam Insulation Recycling and Recovery
Authors: Gao Wei Jing , Duan Wu Biao , Zhang Yan Chao , Zhu Jia Hui , Liu Bo , Yang Fei Hua , Guo Jian Ping
Published: August 2013

Extensive application of rigid polyurethane foam leads to a huge amount of waste after reaching their useful life. Recycling of this waste can protect the environment effectively. In this paper, mechanical recycling was employed in the preparation of the recycled insulation board. The relationship was represented between the amount of water-soluble PF and aqueous polyethylene wax used and thermal conductivity, along with the compression performance of the material. A result of better property was observed when the ratio of rubber of 15% water-soluble PF and 3% aqueous polyethylene wax was employed.
Research on Gelatinization Process of Starch
Authors: Chen Xi Liang , Shi Qing Nan
Published: August 2013

Gelatinization is the main transformation of the starch dough undergoing cooking. This process is very important both for the texture and the nutritional properties of the final product. Starch gelatinization process has been studied by many workers, which includes the mechanism, kinetics, and influencing factors. The kinetic models have been used by works to predict the cooking process of starch. Finite element method (FEM) is commonly used in the simulation of starch gelatinization process. The simulation results can predict the cooking process of starch, and are helpful for optimizing the cooking conditions of starch dough. The theoretical and numerical simulation research on gelatinization of starch is reviewed, and the progress and difficulties in this field are discussed.
Effects of Inner Corner Angle on Strain Distribution of ECAPed Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Chen Xi Liang , Shi Qing Nan
Published: August 2013

Ultrafine-grained materials have excellent mechanical properties, which include the high strength and toughness. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one kind of severe plastic deformation method to make ultrafine-grained metals. The ECAP processes are simulated by finite element method (FEM) in this work. The effects of inner corner angle on strain distribution during the deformation process are numerically analyzed. The evolutions of effective strain on three points of different deformation are compared. The results show that the deformation becomes severe on each point when the inner corner angle is less than 90o, which is different from the situation when the inner corner angle is equal to or greater than 90o. The results are useful for improving the ECAP process to make the structure of metals homogenous.
Study on Crack Prevention Measures of Mass RCC Dams
Authors: Jing Jian Guo , Liu Min Zhi , Zeng Shao Jun , Xu Lin
Published: August 2013

Actually, both simple construction and fast construction are advantages of RCC dams. In view of taking strict temperature control measures, those are turned to be disadvantages instead. The way of fast pouring and the measure of controlling the placing temperature are introduced to RCC dams and 6 cases are analyzed separately to explain the effect of their crack prevention. It is concluded that controlling only the last layer placing temperature of concrete lifts can remarkably decrease the stress of working plane concrete during off period. Furthermore, the pouring way of thick lifts and short off period do not deteriorate the temperature and stress but rather has an impressive effect on crack prevention and construction period contraction.
Behavior of High-Strength Concrete-Filled FRP Tube Columns under Simulated Seismic Loading: An Experimental Study
Authors: Idris Yunita , Ozbakkloglu Togay
Published: August 2013

This paper reports on part of an ongoing experimental program at The University of Adelaide on the seismic behavior of high-strength concrete (HSC)-filled fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (HSCFFTs). The results from three square concrete-filled FRP tube (CFFT) columns that were tested under combined constant axial compression and reversed-cyclic lateral loading are presented. The main parameters of the experimental study included the axial load level, concrete strength, and FRP tube corner radius. The results indicate that square HSCFFT columns are capable of developing very high inelastic deformation capacities under simulated seismic loading. The results also indicate that increasing the corner radius beyond a certain threshold value provides no increase in column lateral drift capacities. It was observed that column deformability decreased with an increase in axial load level (P/Po) and concrete compressive strength (fc). The results of the experimental program are presented together with a discussion on the influence of the main parameters on the seismic behavior of CFFT columns.
Glass-Fibre-Concrete Applied for Building Façade Panels Subjected to Wind Loading Actions
Authors: Karmazínová Marcela , Melcher Jindrich
Published: August 2013

In the period of several years, the research oriented to the development of particular type of glass-fibre-concrete (GFC) and to its application in buildings is continuously realized on the authors’ workplace in co-operation with the Research Institute of Building Materials (VUSTAH). The first type of glass-fibre-concrete developed by VUSTAH has been determined and produced for the utilization in façade panels especially, but currently the GFC technology and quality is developed and aimed to use it also as parts of load-carrying civil engineering structures. To investigate the actual behaviour of GFC structural components subjected to loading actions and to obtain information of their load-carrying capacities, within the frame of this research the experimental verification is realized. This paper is focused on the partial problem of the design and realization of glass-fibre-concrete façade cassette panels, that means the results of experimental verification of their actual behaviour and load-carrying capacity, if subjected to the wind loading actions, are presented.
Study on Anchor Support Simulation in Deep Mining Based on Tunnel Deformation and Stress
Authors: Wang Qiong , Chen Gang , Wang Zhi Wei
Published: August 2013

Some damage phenomena often happens in deep mining, in order to study and solve that difficult problem, three finite models are established. The shear stress, minimum principle stress, and maximum principle stress and displacement distribution is analyzed. Some useful results are got, and it has some reference value to tunnel mining engineering.
Simulation and Experiment Research of Working Process of Exhaust Turbocharged and Intercooled Diesel Engine
Authors: Liu Meng Xiang , Wang Peng , Yuan Fang
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the working process mathematical models of in-cylinder of the diesel engine, exhaust turbocharger and intercooler are established, as well as the simulating model using simulation Software GT-POWER. Through parameters modification, we built the Map of efficiency characteristic curve of compressor and turbocharger. Targeted at the turbocharged intercooled diesel engine of YC4F92 type, simulating calculation and experimental verification are conducted. It turned out that the simulating value and experimental value matches well and the maximum error value is not more than 5%, which demonstrated the accuracy and reliability of the established model. The established model can works as a tool for the design and optimization of diesel engine.
Lubrication Model and Dynamic Characteristics of Distributed Liquid Film for Hydrodynamic Bearing
Authors: Wu Ou Yang , Qian Jia , Fan Zhang , Yuan Xiao Yang , Meng Qing Feng
Published: August 2013

For the thin film lubrication, boundary lubrication, and local dry friction lubrication state of hydrodynamic bearing, a lubrication model of distributed liquid film is established in this paper which is designed to service for calculating or predicting the full life cycle design performance of water-lubricated bearing. The limitations of the fluid-solid-thermal coupling model for describing the distributed liquid film are investigated. Two new methods to build the lubrication model of distributed liquid film are given. The first one takes fluid-solid-thermal model that can guide the design of bearings parameters as dominant factor, and combines with wear, corrosion, two-phase of gas-liquid and other additional factors. A comprehensive model integrating simulation and mechanism can be built. Through researching the regional properties or distributed parameter of water film and solid interface, the second way proposes a decomposition and synthesis modeling method of water film and rubber. A distributed parameters model of dynamic characteristics for water-lubricated bearing is built. The lubrication theory of distributed liquid film proposed in this paper is appropriate for the situation when the film thickness is less than 10μm or contact. When the film thickness is greater than 10μm, classical lubrication theory is applicable.
The Validation of Computational FE Software for Creep Damage Mechanics
Authors: Liu De Zheng , Xu Qiang , Lu Zhong Yu , Xu Dong Lai , Tan Feng
Published: August 2013

The preliminary validation of in-house finite element analysis software for creep damage mechanics is reported. The Finite Element Analysis Method and the programme strcuture for creep damage problem were reported elsewhere and the validation conducted so far include plane stress, plane strain, and axisymmetric cases. Furture work is also outlined.
Research on Micro-Stepping Driving System of Three-Phase Hybrid Stepping Motor
Authors: Yang Nan , Wei Yi Ming , Liu Jiao Yu
Published: August 2013

Uniform constant amplitude rotating current vector subdivision and SVPWM technology are applied to micro-stepping driving system of three-phase hybrid stepping motor. Decompose the stator current vector of the stepping motor into the torque current and the magnetizing current, and then control the currents of decomposition, which makes the amplitude of the resultant stator current vector remain the same. Simulation results show that the designed micro-stepping driving system realizes equal stepper angle, constant torque, and arbitrary variable micro-stepping driving. The use of micro-stepping driving technology improves the stepping motors control accuracy and stability, which promotes the application range of stepping motor and has good practical value.
Effect of Rare Earths and Vanadium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Chromium Cast Iron
Authors: Ai Yun Long , Long Qing , Chen Wei Hua , Liang Bing Liang
Published: August 2013

Effect of RE and V on microstructure and mechanical properties of high chromium cast iron were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, impact test and wear test. The results show that proper modification using RE combined with V makes the alloy present a more refined and homogenous austenite matrix, and makes the morphology of carbide changing from thick lath to thin lath, and rosette-like. Modification can also increase hardness, wear resistance and impact toughness of high chromium cast iron.
Development of 60Si2CrVNb High Tensile Strength Spring Steel
Authors: Wu Xiao Dong , Chen Rui Long , Xiao Bo , Wang Zhong Ying
Published: August 2013

A production process of high tensile strength spring steel is discussed in this paper. Sufficient aluminum was added into ladle during tapping and barium alloy was used in late refining process. It was found that the refining slag with high basicity is strongly deoxidized after refining, with total oxygen content being less than 10×10-6 in billet. Thus, the oxide inclusions in the steel is finished the transformation during refining and some complex oxide inclusions are remarkably removed at steelmaking temperature. The tensile strength over 2.0GPa and the extension rate up to 10% are obtained for the spring steel after quenching temperature at 900oC and tempering at 410 oC. So, the strength and plasticity of the steel are improved obviously.
Non-Uniform Dose Measurement Based on Two-Stage Bleaching Integrated with Thermo-Luminescence and Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter
Authors: Hsieh Chi Wen , Lin Yi Hong
Published: August 2013

Thermo luminescence dosimeter and optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter are the most popular dosimeters for personal and environmental radiation monitoring. Basically, these dosimeters are both accumulated dosimeters so that they cannot precisely measure dynamic doses, i.e. there is no any information of time resolving. We developed an algorithm to solve the problem that can depress the uncertain measurement by using partially bleaching techniques; the two-stage bleaching method under the fixed bleaching intensity condition. To analyze and compare the difference of ionizing radiation dose between two dosimeters can partially recall the non-uniformly distributed radiation doses. The Gaussian distribution of dose is considered for the simulation and the results indicated that error of the dose rate could be depressed to 15% compared to the traditional method.
A Research on the Application and Calculation of Wind Energy
Authors: Zhou Song , Li Cai Ling , Han Ye
Published: August 2013

Nowadays, due to the serious shortage of energy resource, the research and application of new alternative energy has become an important task for each country and government all over the world. In order to protect environment and raise the utilization of marine power, Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of International Maritime Organization (IMO) encouraged ship operators to use new alternative energies to reduce marine CO2 emission. Currently, marine new energy technologies mainly include solar energy, wind energy, waste heat recovery and biological substitute fuel. Wind energy, as a clean and easy getting energy, has been paid a high attention to. This paper mainly introduces the basic features and calculation of wind energy, and then put forwards some shortcomings in the application of it on the ships.
Challenges of Battery Pack to the Industrialization of Battery Electric Vehicles and the Corresponding Solutions in China
Authors: He Ping
Published: August 2013

The development situation of power batteries is described in this paper. After a detailed comparison between lead-acid battery, Ni-MH battery and Li-ion battery, it is concluded that polymer Li-ion battery is the most promising power source for battery electric vehicle (BEV). Although great achievement has been obtained in Li-ion battery development, restrictions still remain on the industrialization of battery electric vehicles. Poor battery packs, patent disputes and the establishment of charging facilities are three key problems in the process of industrializing BEVs. Finally, the generalization of BEVs relies on not only marketing efforts by automotive manufacturers, but also policy support by the government.
Pressure Sensitive Essence Microcapsules with MF-UF Resin as Double Wall
Authors: Zhen Zhao Hui , Wang Zheng Shun
Published: August 2013

The paper studied the preparation and micro-encapsulation of pressure sensitive essence microcapsules with MF resin and UF resin as double wall by using the in situ polymerization method, and the optimal preparation conditions were also studied. The microcapsules were characterized on structure, morphologies, thermal properties, mean particle size and size distribution. The experiment illustrated that the wall of microcapsule consisted of the MF resin and the UF resin had been synthesized in the process of preparation, the essence oil was encapsulated into the microcapsules, the mean particle size and size distribution was well-proportioned and narrowed respectively, the particle morphologies were single core and global, the wall was hermetically sealed.
Coating Binder Migration and its Affected Parameters: Influence of Coating Color on Binder Migration
Authors: Zhen Zhao Hui , Wang Zheng Shun
Published: August 2013

The Paper studied the effects of coating color on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. In coating colors the coating solid content, the binder dosage and type affects the binder migration. The mechanism of coating color on binder migration was also studied. The results indicated that the degree of binder migration was increased with reduced the coating solid content or added more dosage of coating binder. In low dying temperature the SB-latex was prone to migrated to coating layer surface than starch, the opposite is true in high dying temperature.
Study on of Cure Reaction Kinetics of Polyamide-Imide-Epoxy Resin
Authors: Shi Hai Yang , Zhang Lei , Cui Jin Hai
Published: August 2013

The novel polyamide-imide-epoxy resin was prepared by modification of epoxy resin with polyamide-imide. The DSC curves of the polyamide-imide-epoxy resin were obtained with different heating rates. Moreover, the curing kinetics were also studied by using Kissinger equation, Ozawa and Crane formula, the activation energy of 55.24kJ/mol was acquired, reaction order was 0.9, the frequency factor A and the reaction rate constant Kp at the peak temperature of the reaction was also obtained.
Review of Present Research Situation and Development of Combustion Synthesis Welding
Authors: Li Shu Zhen , He Bo Lin , Jiang Min Hua
Published: August 2013

As a new welding method, combustion synthesis welding technology caused widespread concern at home and abroad in recent years. The combustion synthesis technology, the concept of combustion synthesis welding, classification, welding process characteristics and influence factors were introduced. Status and development trend about the welding technology of combustion synthesis was reviewed, and the main problems and recent development's focus and goals of combustion synthesis welding technology were outlined.
A Preliminary Study on the Resistance of Paints against the Growth of Algae and Fungi
Authors: Nazar F.N. , Weerasinghe T.K , Perera S.
Published: August 2013

Paints are widely used to colour and protect various surfaces. Paints contain many substances to improve their quality as well as to protect the surface from environmental hazards. One of the most concerned environmental hazards is the contamination of wall surfaces by algae and fungi. According to manufacturers of paints in Sri Lanka, this issue has been looked after by incorporating many biocides to the paints available in the market. However, the testing of existing paints for their biocidal activity using standards is very important and not yet done in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to find out the possibility of implementing a standard test method (ASTM) to detect the biocidal action of paints and to assess the biocidal effect of paints available in the Sri Lankan market. Standard Test Method for Fungi (D5590) and Algae (D5589) were tested with local paints using three fungi and three algae as test organisms. Both test methods and organisms being tested are effective in deciding the biocidal activity of paints. It is very clear from the results that the biocidal chemicals used in commercial paints are effective on most common fungi (mainly spores) and algae present in the air. However, on average, 7.8% fungal growth and 6.7% of Algal growth were observed under laboratory conditions. The Paints which had the lowest biocidal activity allowed 13.8% fungal growth and 20.6% of Algal growth and paints which had the best biocidal activity showed 100% of no growth. Aspergillus had an ability to grow fast by tolerating the biocidal activity of some paints which had different ranges of resistance on other organisms. However, Algae showed slower growth than Fungi on all paints. Growth of Algae or Fungi mainly depends on growing ability of microbes, biocidal activity of paints and favourable environmental conditions.
Influence of Material Structure on Speed of Recovery of Textiles
Authors: Zelová Katarína , Fridrichová Ludmila
Published: August 2013

The authors of the article are presenting an innovated method of measuring the angle of recovery. The method of measuring was designed to grasp more realistically creasing of textiles when they are worn. The next part of the article is dealing with the evaluation of the influence of material of the textile on its creasing. First the initial speed of the angle of recovery was analysed (at the first five seconds) and, further, the role of elastic, viscoelastic and plastic deformations formed in the textiles during creasing, was evaluated. The highest speed of recovery of the textile in the first five seconds had the woollen textile, followed by the cotton fabric of plain weave with symmetrically arranged sett.
Computer Simulation of a Fluid Flow through the Declined Porous Structure
Authors: Ocheretna Larysa , Lukáš David
Published: August 2013

Computer simulation of a fluid flow through the declined porous structure is presented in the paper. The hypothesis related to the curious behaviour of the fluid flow inside assembled filters is verified using Lattice Gas Cellular Automata approach. Based on a set of computer simulations the reorganization of the fluid flow inside declined porous structure was obtained for different simulation setups. The results obtained from the computer simulation have shown that LGCA model is not only suitable for a theoretical prediction of a fluid flow inside porous structures but also it can be used as a visualization tool.
Chemical Constituents and Bioactivity of Chloranthus fortunei
Authors: Luo Yong Ming , Liu Hua , Yin Xiao Ying
Published: August 2013

From Chloranthus fortunei, A new sesquiterpene lactones, fortuniolide A (1) were isolated, together with five known compounds, shizukaol B (2), and C (3) lasianthuslactone A(4), β-sitosterol (5) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (6). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of NMR and MS analyses. These compounds were firstly isolated from this plant. Compound 1 is new natural products and have inhibitory activities on the release of β-glucuronidase from rat PMNs induced by PAF.
High Performance of the CFBC Pilot Plant with CO2 Chemical Absorption by Optimizing the Absorber Parameters
Authors: Dinca Cristian , Badea Adrian , Necula Horia
Published: August 2013

The objective of this paper consists to identify the influence of absorption process temperature and pressure on the energy requirement of the CO2 chemical capture process. The study aimed to reducing CO2 emissions from coal combustion process in the circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC). The post-combustion CO2 capture process was analyzed using primary amine MEA in the following conditions: the ratio L/G was varied between 0.45..1.6 kgliquid/kggas keeping constant the flue gas flow and varying the solvent flow between 500 .. 1 600 kg/h. The CO2 capture process efficiency was maintained constant around 90%. For a concentration of 30% MEA in solution, it was observed that when the absorber solution temperature increasing from 32 to 49 °C, the amount of heat required for the solvent regeneration increased from 2.1 to 3.3 GJ/tCO2 according to the solvent pressure and flue gas pressure respectively. On the other hand, for varying the absorber solvent pressure in the range 1.1 .. 2.1 atm, the heat required by the process was not significantly influenced. Considering the same variation of the absorber solvent temperature, the rich loading solvent was increased from 0.43 to 0.57 mol CO2/mol MEA and consequently the MEA capacity of CO2 absorption from 0.3 to 0.422 molCO2/mol MEA.
Comparison of Dimensions and Residual Forces of Various Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligatures
Authors: Anuwongnukroh Niwat , Jiraanankul Nittaya , Dechkunakorn Surachai , Churnjitapirom Pornkiat , Tua-Ngam Peerapong
Published: August 2013

Objective: The study aimed to compare dimensions and residual forces of various commercial type orthodontic elastomeric ligatures available in Thailand.
Materials and Methods: The study compared 5 types of elastomeric ligatures: MU-MTEC, UnitekTM, MorelliTM, WelovehealthTM and DentsplyTM. A digital caliper was used to measure dimensions: the inner and outer diameters and cross-sectional thickness. Then the initial extension force and residual force on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14 and 28 were measured according to ISO 21606: 2007. The data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearmans rank correlation.
Results: No significant difference was found between the outer diameter of MU-MTEC and WelovehealthTM. However, significant mean differences were found in dimensions among the other ligature types. The lowest mean for inner diameter and cross sectional thickness was found in UnitekTM and the lowest mean for outer diameter was found in MorelliTM. The highest mean inner diameter, outer diameter and cross sectional thickness was found in Dentsply, UnitekTM, and MorelliTM, respectively. In terms of initial extension force, significant differences (p<0.001) were found among all samples. The highest mean was found in DentsplyTM (2.69 N) and the lowest mean was found in WelovehealthTM (1.80 N). All samples had rapid force degradation at about 42.21-56.23% after 24 hours, with a slow degradation rate until Week 1 and a constantly stable rate from Weeks 1-4. The greatest force decay on the first day was found in MorelliTM (56.23%). At 28 days, the residual force for all types of elastomeric ligature was about 31.97-46.84%.
Conclusion: All 5 brands of commercial elastomeric ligatures had different dimensions, initial extension forces and residual forces. The correlation between brand and dimension, initial extension force and residual force showed different patterns. All elastomeric ligatures had greater force decay on the first day (residual force 43.77 57.79%), then slightly decreased over 28 days.
Finite Element Examination and Validation of Stress Field around Ductile Mode I Crack Tip in Elastic Plastic Fracture
Authors: Alizadeh Homayoun , Bedare Amit R. , Bhat Sunil
Published: August 2013

The paper presents the stress field, obtained with the help of finite element method, around Mode I crack tip in ductile steel under EPFM regime. Process, plastic and non-K compliant elastic zones develop. Void nucleation ahead of the crack tip is observed in the process zone. The stress solution in the plastic zone is validated with theoretical HRR solution. In the elastic zone, as expected, substantial error is observed between K dominated LEFM solution and numerical EPFM values.Nomenclature
Synthesis and In Vitro Anti-Ulcer Effect of Triazolo-Methyl Tetrahydrobenzofuran Oxime Ether Derivatives
Authors: Fang Hu Biao , Jin Lei , Cao Cheng Qiao , Luo Hua Jun , Huang Nian Yu
Published: August 2013

The triazolo-methyl tetrahydrobenzofuran oxime ether isomers were prepared through Cu (II)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in a high-yielding three-step reaction sequence under mild conditions. All of the intermediates and target compounds were characterized by NMR, IR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. The in vitro anti-ulcer activity evaluation indicated the (Z)-oxime isomer of triazolo-methyl tetrahydrobenzofuran oxime ether exhibited most potent H+/K+-ATPase inhibitory effect with the IC50˰̵̱̼͆ͅ˰̶̿˰̅˾́̅˰μ̝˾ These compounds could be potentially used as anti-ulcer agents for the treatment of acid related diseases.
Structural and Optical Properties of α-Ga2O3 Films Deposited on Sapphire (10‾10) and (01‾12) Substrate by MOCVD
Authors: Lv Yu , Mi Wei , Luan Cai Na , Ma Jin
Published: August 2013

Ga2O3 thin films were grown on sapphire m-cut () and r-cut () orientations substrates at different temperatures by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Structural and optical properties of the Ga2O3 films were investigated including the influence by annealing for the obtained films. The Ga2O3 films on sapphire () and () substrate are α-Ga2O3. The crystallization of the films decreases after annealed at 900 °C. The average transmittance of the samples in the visible wavelength range was over 86% and the optical band gap Eg was about 4.755.15 eV. The Eg of the samples increases after annealing at 900 °C.
Analysis and Calculation of the Art of Internal High Pressure Forming
Authors: Liu Ying , Xu Feng , Wang Bing De
Published: August 2013

nternal high pressure forming is a new technology producing hollow light components. Due to the process of internal high pressure forming is very complicated with many factors, the dissertation will focus on the use of plastic-elastic force theory to acquire the hydraulic pressure needed and the tubes wall thickness in the final forming fillet. Based on the assumption of volume's incompressibility condition, we analyze and calculate the stress and strain of the tubes wall. Finally we estimate the formula of the hydraulic pressure needed in the forming process. The whole work can offer a concise formula to engineer in the infancy of designing. And it also is the great theoretical support to the development of the internal high pressure forming.
Design of Solder Alloy Composition for Semi-Flexible Coaxial Cable Holistic Tin-Plating Application
Authors: Cheng Fang Jie , Wang Bao Xiang , Wang Ying , Yang Li Jun , Chen Yu Kun
Published: August 2013

Holistic tin-plating on the outer conductor is one of the key processes in the manufacture of semi-flexible coaxial cable. In this study, a tin-based solder alloy was developed for this special tin-plating process. For this new solder alloy, the molten solder's antioxidant performance, the morphology of inter-metallic compounds (IMCs) at the solder/copper interface and the dissolution rate of outer conductor during tin-plating process were studied. The results indicate that when the addition of P element in the pure tin solder up to 35ppm, the static oxidation rate of pure tin decreased to 12.1g/m2 from 26.5g/m2, while the dynamic oxidation rate decreased from 8.9g/m2 to 5.6g/m2, which can significantly reduce the amounts of the oxidized slag from tinned tank during the continuous operating; By adding 0.1%Co, 0.05%Ni, the morphology of IMCs changed from scallop-shape to a uniform plate-shape, which can improve the interfacial bonding strength and flexibility; Adding 0.7%Cu can reduce the dissolution of the outer copper conductor during tin-plating process.