bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relation between microRNAs and Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kamel Refaat R. , Amr Khalda Said , Afify Mie , Elhosary Yasser A. , Hegazy Abdelfattah E. , Fahim Hoda H. , Ezzat Wafaa M.
Published: March 2016

AIM: To determine the relation between serum microRNAs and apoptotic markers as regards development of HCC to understand the underlying mechanism of HCV related hepatocarcinogenesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 65 serum samples (25 samples from controls, 20 samples from hepatitis and 20 samples from HCC patients) were collected for miRNAs (mir 21, mir 199-a, and mir 155) detection. Human Programmed cell death protein-4 (PDCD-4) and Human Cytochrome-C (CYT-C) were determined. RESULTS: miRNAs 21 and 155 were over expressed in sera of patients with HCC compared to patients with chronic hepatitis (p < 0.0001). While serum means values of miR 199a was significantly decreased among HCC group patients when compared to patients with chronic hepatitis (p < 0.0001). The serum levels of PCDC4 and CYTC were increased in patients with HCC when compared to chronic hepatitis patients. They were also increased in patients with chronic hepatitis when compared to controls (p < 0.05, significant). There was direct correlations between apoptotic markers and oncomirs miRNAs 21 and 155 while apoptotic markers were inversely correlated with miRNA 199-a. CONCLUSION: Both microRNAs and apoptotic markers have roles in HCC pathogenesis. It seems that oncogenic microRNAs induce liver carcinogenesis in HCV patients irrespective of suppression of apoptosis.AIM: To determine the relation between serum microRNAs and apoptotic markers as regards development of HCC to understand the underlying mechanism of HCV related hepatocarcinogenesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 65 serum samples (25 samples from controls, 20 samples from hepatitis and 20 samples from HCC patients) were collected for miRNAs (mir 21, mir 199-a, and mir 155) detection. Human Programmed cell death protein-4 (PDCD-4) and Human Cytochrome-C (CYT-C) were determined. RESULTS: miRNAs 21 and 155 were over expressed in sera of patients with HCC compared to patients with chronic hepatitis (p < 0.0001). While serum means values of miR 199a was significantly decreased among HCC group patients when compared to patients with chronic hepatitis (p < 0.0001). The serum levels of PCDC4 and CYTC were increased in patients with HCC when compared to chronic hepatitis patients. They were also increased in patients with chronic hepatitis when compared to controls (p < 0.05, significant). There was direct correlations between apoptotic markers and oncomirs miRNAs 21 and 155 while apoptotic markers were inversely correlated with miRNA 199-a. CONCLUSION: Both microRNAs and apoptotic markers have roles in HCC pathogenesis. It seems that oncogenic microRNAs induce liver carcinogenesis in HCV patients irrespective of suppression of apoptosis.
New findings of the butterfly Phengaris teleius at the border between Hungary and Serbia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Popović Miloš , Šašić Martina
Published: March 2016

Due to its interesting life cycle, vulnerability and conservation importance, the butterfly Phengaris teleius is one of the most studied insects in Europe. It was discovered in Serbia only in 2012 and there were no data on its distribution from the south of Hungary.

Phengaris teleius was recorded for the first time in four localities in Hungary and in additional locality in Serbia. This suggests that the local populations are more interconnected than previousely thought and that conservation efforts should be done in collaboration between the two countries. All localities are inside protected areas and management measures for preserving several target species already exist. This represents a solid base for the conservation of newly discovered populations of P. teleius.
La construction d’une norme juridique régionale : le cas des mutilations génitales féminines en Afrique
Authors: Guignard Lison
Published: March 2016

Pourquoi et comment l'Union africaine a-t-elle adopté en 2003 une norme juridique visant à interdire les mutilations génitales féminines (MGF) alors même que ces dernières font encore l’objet de controverses dans les États concernés, la lutte contre ces pratiques étant parfois perçue comme une cause « occidentale » ? L’analyse se centre sur les acteurs et sur les arguments qu’ils ont utilisés dans l’entreprise de production de cette norme juridique régionale. Il s’avère que l'adoption du protocole de Maputo ne s'explique pas tant par un souci de conformité à des injonctions internationales que par la mobilisation d'un « réseau de plaidoyer régional » doté de compétences juridiques propres. Cette coalition de différents types d’organisations qui avaient sur cette thématique des intérêts communs a joué un rôle de « passeur » et de traducteur de la norme au niveau régional. L’approche adoptée ici vise à réintégrer l'analyse de l’échelle régionale dans les recherches sur la production, la diffusion et la circulation de normes transnationales en matière de droits humains.
Quand les juges s’en mêlent. Le rôle de la justice dans la démobilisation des groupes paramilitaires en Colombie
Authors: Grajales Jacobo
Published: March 2016

L’engagement de négociations à partir de 2003 entre le gouvernement colombien et les groupes paramilitaires en vue de la démobilisation de ces derniers a profondément transformé le rapport des institutions judiciaires à la violence organisée. En effet, les pourparlers et le processus de démobilisation qui s’est ensuivi ont été marqués par la réaffirmation de la part des magistrats placés au sommet de la hiérarchie judiciaire de leurs prérogatives dans le traitement des groupes armés. Plus largement, on a assisté au positionnement de la justice en tant qu’instance incontournable de qualification de la violence et de détermination des responsabilités dans les exactions commises durant le conflit armé. Alors que de fortes pressions existaient en faveur d’une solution qui aurait favorisé la stabilisation de la situation politique, les juges ont investi le registre du dévoilement, pour mettre au jour les collusions qui avaient sous-tendu la violence paramilitaire. Cette redéfinition du rôle de la justice découle d’une tendance à la judiciarisation du jeu politique qui s’inscrit dans une durée plus longue que celle de ce processus.
Transparence administrative, Open data et libre administration des collectivités territoriales. Un triptyque à définir ?
Authors: Favro Karine
Published: March 2016

L’article L. 1112-23 du CGCT introduit par la loi NOTRe prévoit pour les collectivités de plus de 3500 habitants l’obligation de rendre accessible en ligne leurs informations publiques lorsqu’elles sont disponibles sous forme électronique. Cependant, concilier la transparence, l’ouverture des données et la libre administration des collectivités n’est pas une mince affaire même si des effets bénéfiques sont attendus. L’émiettement des territoires locaux n’est pas de nature à favoriser la mise en œuvre de l’Open data tant les disparités territoriales sont avérées et sources d’inégalités quant à l’accès aux ressources et aux moyens déployés pour dématérialiser les services administratifs. Le législateur doit prendre en considération cette réalité, notamment à l’échelle des communes. Le seuil des 3500 habitants n’est d’ailleurs pas des plus pertinents et suppose que l’on réfléchisse sur les informations publiques qu’il convient utilement de libérer en application de la loi de 1978, de quelle façon et pour quelle finalité dans le respect du principe de libre administration des collectivités territoriales. Le principe de libre administration sert alors de variable d’ajustement en créant un clivage entre les petites collectivités qui mettront en œuvre a minima cette obligation législative, et les plus importantes, qui s’adonnent déjà à l’Open data. ■
Open data des données de la recherche publique : entre réformes législatives et retour d’expérience sur un guide pratique à destination des chercheurs
Authors: Castets-Renard Céline , Gandon Nathalie
Published: March 2016

Le partage des données de recherche et leur réutilisation est un des enjeux de l’Open data contribuant au progrès scientifique et à l’innovation. Cependant, toutes les données de recherche ne peuvent être libérées et le contexte législatif foisonnant et incertain révèle l’utilité d’un cadrage dont il appartiendra aux chercheurs de se saisir. Dans ce contexte, une initiative Open data a été menée par l’INRA (Institut national de recherche agronomique) pour constituer un groupe de travail d’experts interorganismes composé de juristes et non juristes dans le but de rédiger un guide pratique de l’Open data, à destination des chercheurs. L’Institut, en tant que grand producteur de données, a décidé de s’inscrire dans une démarche de libre accès aux données de la recherche en se dotant d’un cadre dessinant une politique institutionnelle en matière de partage de la donnée scientifique. L’objectif fut d’élaborer un guide pour accompagner les chercheurs dans l’ouverture des données issues de leurs recherches dans le cadre d’une politique d’Open data qui serait encadrée par leurs établissements de recherche respectifs. C’est la raison pour laquelle cette étude s’attelle au futur cadre législatif dans lequel l’Open data des données publiques de recherche doit s’inscrire avant de s’intéresser à la démarche qui a présidé l’élaboration de ce guide. ■
Solitude, désœuvrement et conscience critique
Authors: Azoulai Loïc
Published: March 2016

Les études juridiques européennes vivent un moment critique. Elles ont traditionnellement assumé un rôle de soutien et de consolidation du processus d’intégration. Il leur revenait de formuler, de porter et de protéger le programme d’intégration. Les juristes ont fait de l’Europe institutionnelle et de son droit « un tout structuré, organisé, finalisé ». Cette conception n’est plus soutenable et le rôle vertueux du droit est désormais contesté. L’Union n’a pas perdu son droit mais elle semble avoir perdu le droit comme facteur structurant, vecteur de dynamisme et de cohésion. Un tournant critique s’amorce dans les études juridiques européennes. Ce tournant devrait les plonger dans une interrogation fondamentale sur la forme à donner à l’expérience collective qu’est l’intégration.
La fin de « l’Europe des régions » ?
Authors: Pasquier Romain
Published: March 2016

Lorsque l’on s’intéresse au sens des interactions entre intégration européenne et mobilisations régionales, on peut repérer dans la littérature deux interprétations quelque peu contradictoires du fait régional : un récit qui met en exergue les logiques de décentralisation du pouvoir générées par l’intégration et, de l’autre, un récit qui met au contraire en évidence la force centripète des politiques européennes. Bien que très utiles, ces approches ont pour principale limite de polariser l’analyse autour d’un jeu à somme nulle entre Union européenne, régions et gouvernements centraux laissant supposer que ce que les uns perdraient, les autres acteurs le gagneraient nécessairement. Il importe donc de dépasser ce débat binaire si l’on veut saisir les conditions de construction d’une gouvernance régionale pro-active autour des politiques de l’Union européenne.
« Les études européennes, quel ennui ! »
Authors: Vauchez Antoine
Published: March 2016

Malgré les nombreux défis et les questions nouvelles qu’elle pose à la science politique, « l’Europe » reste un objet de recherche à part auquel est attachée une certaine réputation d’ennui. La difficulté tient sans aucun doute pour beaucoup à la « mauvaise réputation » de l’Union européenne elle-même qu’un solide « cercle de la croyance » tient pour « incompréhensible » et « baroque ». Mais, ce court article saisit l’occasion du numéro-anniversaire de la revue Politique européenne pour s’interroger aussi sur le rôle que jouent les « études européennes » elles-mêmes dans le maintien de ce « cercle de la croyance » et sur quelques leviers possibles pour en casser les effets, notamment en dessinant les contours de « sciences sociales de l’Europe ».
La crise des études européennes vue des États-Unis
Authors: Schmidt Vivien A.
Published: March 2016

Les études européennes sont en crise aux États-Unis où l’attention des universitaires s’est tournée vers d’autres régions du monde quand elle ne s’est pas détournée de l’étude des aires géographiques en général. Une sortie de crise, déjà amorcée, passe par la normalisation des études européennes, par l’approfondissement de l’étude empirique et théorique de l’UE et par la comparaison avec un grand nombre de régions et d’États nations – que l’Europe soit analysée comme une sorte d’État, comme un acteur régulateur, politique, économique ou judicaire. L’article illustre ce propos en passant rapidement en revue des ouvrages récents et porteurs d’un rapprochement transatlantique.
La qualité de vie dans les territoires français
Authors: Reynard Robert
Published: March 2016

Les travaux réalisés par l’Insee en 2014 sur les indicateurs territoriaux de qualité de vie couvrent un nombre important de dimensions, qui concernent à la fois les conditions socio-économiques et les aspects plus qualitatifs de la vie quotidienne. Les indicateurs fournissent des mesures finement localisées et permettent ainsi de mieux comprendre les facteurs de différenciation des territoires. Une typologie met en évidence huit grands types de territoires au plan national, qui se distinguent à la fois par les conditions de vie de leurs habitants (emploi, revenus, santé, éducation, etc.) et par les aménités que les territoires offrent à leur population (cadre de vie, accès aux services, transports, etc.). La nouvelle représentation de la France qui en résulte constitue une aide précieuse à la décision pour ceux qui ont en charge les politiques visant l’égalité des territoires.
Diagnostics de qualité de vie
Authors: Antunez Kim , Haran Louise , Roussez Vivien
Published: March 2016

Le rapport de la Commission sur la mesure de la performance économique et du progrès social (Stiglitz et al. , 2009) a remis au centre des préoccupations de la statistique publique nationale les notions de bien-être et de qualité de vie. C’est dans ce courant, visant à redéfinir ce qui fait la richesse d’un pays, que s’inscrit le quatrième rapport de l’Observatoire des territoires intitulé « Qualité de vie, habitants, territoires ». Plusieurs indicateurs, proposés à des échelles géographiques adaptées, permettent de rendre compte du caractère multidimensionnel de la qualité de vie. Pour aller plus loin, des typologies de territoires explorent le lien entre les aménités variées des cadres de vie et les aspirations diverses des populations qui y résident afin de souligner les déséquilibres et les leviers d’action publique mobilisables pour les réduire.
Les indicateurs de l’économie circulaire en chine
Authors: Aurez Vincent , Georgeault Laurent
Published: March 2016

La Chine a développé une politique intégrée d’économie circulaire ayant pour objectif d’assurer la transition vers un modèle sobre en ressources et bas carbone. Cette politique prend appui sur des outils d’évaluation qui, bien qu’encore insuffisants, se distinguent par leur caractère systémique et multidimensionnel. Ces instruments sont à bien des égards uniques et constituent un apport original au champ des indicateurs de soutenabilité.
Quelle prise en compte des caractéristiques nationales dans les mesures macroprudentielles en zone euro ?
Authors: Poutineau Jean-Christophe , Vermandel Gauthier
Published: March 2016

Cet article évalue l’impact des prêts transfrontaliers sur les modalités de mise en œuvre des mesures de politique macroprudentielle dans la zone euro. L’objectif est d’apprécier - indépendamment de l’organisation institutionnelle actuelle - quel poids relatif il convient d’affecter aux considérations fédérales et nationales. L’analyse est menée dans le cadre d’un MEGIS à deux pays, prenant en compte le mécanisme d’accélérateur financier. Ce modèle est estimé à l’aide de l’économétrie bayésienne sur données européennes en séparant les pays du cœur de la zone des pays de la périphérie. Nos résultats montrent que la divergence des cycles réels et financiers entre les deux régions de l’union monétaire tient à la fois à l’hétérogénéité régionale des paramètres structurels et à celle des chocs subis qui apparaissent plus importants dans les pays de la périphérie. Pour ce qui concerne la mise en œuvre de la politique de stabilité financière, le traitement hétérogène des pays conduit à une plus forte réaction de cet instrument dans les pays de la périphérie, ce qui affecte parfois de manière différente les performances macroéconomiques régionales. Enfin, une analyse contrefactuelle étudiant la réaction de l’activité et de l’investissement au moment de la crise montre que si globalement l’union monétaire (en moyenne) et les pays de la périphérie bénéficient de la mise en œuvre de mesures macroprudentielles, les pays du cœur voient au contraire leur situation se détériorer.
Prédire les crises bancaires : un système d’alerte robuste
Authors: Jedidi Ons , Pentecôte Jean-Sébastien
Published: March 2016

Un système d’alerte précoce vise ici à prédire les crises bancaires dans 48 pays de 1977 à 2010. Une approche bayésienne fournit des prévisions robustes. La croissance de l’activité et du crédit bancaire, le degré de libéralisation financière et le poids de la dette extérieure sont des signaux décisifs des crises bancaires. Des prévisions dans l’échantillon avant 2006 réduisent les fausses alarmes et les crises manquées au regard des études passées. Signe de sa robustesse, ce système d’alerte signale 49 des 52 phases de crises bancaires depuis 2006 en dépit de l’hétérogénéité des pays étudiés.
L’Exposition de Montréal 1967 : empreinte et matrice d’une francophonie émergente
Authors: Hauser Claude
Published: March 2016

Des travaux récents ont démontré la fonction identitaire reliée à l’Exposition universelle de Montréal : dans sa programmation comme dans son déroulement et sa réception, celle-ci a contribué à l’affirmation de l’identité québécoise moderne. Sensibles au niveau de la province et du pays organisateurs, ces enjeux identitaires d’Expo 67 ont-ils été plus largement posés par rapport à la francophonie en émergence, tant au niveau institutionnel que culturel ? Sur la base des dossiers d’archives de l’Exposition de Montréal, cette contribution applique au cas de l’Expo 67 les fonctions importantes des expositions universelles sériées par l’historiographie. On perçoit ainsi en quoi l’événement de Montréal constitue un miroir, une empreinte de cette géopolitique francophone en émergence, et dans quelle mesure cette Exposition a renforcé la constitution d’un espace politico- culturel francophone au tournant des années 1960-1970.
The impact of the EHEA in the professsional internships: Interviews with the academic coordinators
Authors: Alemany Josepa , Perramon Xavier , Panadès-Estruch Laura
Published: March 2016

Purpose: This paper presents a study of the professional internship models in each Faculty at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) of Barcelona, Spain; their relationship to the idiosyncrasy of each type of studies, and their evolution from 2009, before the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), until the 2013-2014 academic year. This study is part of a larger project that comprises the point of view of the three agents involved in the internships: students, academic tutors and in-company tutors. Design/methodology/approach: This paper provides the data obtained from one of the three agents involved, namely the academic supervisor-tutors. We present the methodology used to compile the data before and after EHEA implementation: firstly, by means of deep individual and face-to-face interviews, and in a second stage by means of e-surveys, jointly with quantitative and objective data related to the internships activity during the period of the study. Findings: Following the conclusion of the first part of the study related to the internships before the EHEA, we found four different models of monitoring and assessing the internships; we anticipated the four models would converge into two, and eventually into one.  The final model expected was focused on more intensive monitoring. In the second part of the study, even though we found fewer changes in the models than we expected, the impact of the EHEA deployment has been very important in quantitative aspects and in the breadth of the changes. Also, for some Faculties, the internship has become one of the most important subjects of the curricula. Originality/value: This is the first study of the EHEA impact on the professional internships in a Spanish University.
The impact of intangibles on the value relevance of accounting information: Evidence from French companies
Authors: Kimouche Bilal , Rouabhi Abdenaser
Published: March 2016

Purpose: The paper aims to explore whether intangible items that recognised in financial statements are value-relevant to investors in the French context, and whether these items affect the value relevance of accounting information. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical data were collected from a sample of French listed companies, over the nine-year period of 2005 to 2013. Starting of Ohlson’s (1995) model, the correlation analysis and the linear multiple regressions have been applied. Findings: We find that intangibles and traditional accounting measures as a whole are value relevant. However, the amortization and impairment charges of intangibles and cash flows do not affect the market values of French companies, unlike other variables, which affect positively and substantially the market values. Also goodwill and book values are more associated with market values than intangible assets and earnings respectively. Finally, we find that intangibles have improved the value relevance of accounting information. Practical implications: French legislators must give more interest for intangibles, in order to enrich the financial statements content and increasing the pertinence of accounting information. Auditors must give more attention for intangibles’ examination process, in order to certify the amounts related to intangibles in financial statements, and hence enrich their reliability, what provides adequacy guarantees for investors to use them in decision making. Originality/value: The paper used recently available financial data, and proposed an improvement concerning the measure of incremental value relevance of intangibles items.
The influence of service quality on satisfaction: Does gender really matter?
Authors: Kwok See Ying , Jusoh Ahmad , Khalifah Zainab
Published: March 2016

Purpose: This study examining the influence of service quality on satisfaction and to investigate whether satisfaction varies between male and female in response to the perceived service quality in the Malaysian tourism context. Design/methodology/approach: The population of the study is tourists travelling to Malaysia. A sample was drawn using a multi-stage sampling method and 301 completed questionnaires were analysed with structural equation modelling. Findings: The findings show that service quality is positively associated to satisfaction and the relationship is found to be moderated by gender. Additionally, the findings also show that the service quality perceived by women is found to influence the satisfaction level greater than that of men’s in the tourism context. Research limitations/implications: Other demographic variables, such age, culture, education level, and income must also be considered in future study and when developing marketing strategies. Practical implications: The gender differences is significant moderator between service quality and satisfaction in tourism context. Tourism service providers who target on women’s market are recommended to allocate more resources and attention on the important aspects namely, reliability, considerability and empathy and tangiblility aspects in order to increase the satisfaction level among female tourists. Originality/value: The findings validates the findings of previous studies by examining the moderator role of gender in the relationship between service quality and satisfaction in Malaysian context.
Does it pay to be social responsible? Portuguese SMEs feedback
Authors: Fonseca Luis Miguel , Ferro Ricardo Lopes
Published: March 2016

Purpose: The research on corporate social responsibility has been focused mainly on Anglo-Saxon countries and big companies. Most scholars agree there is a positive relationship between companies social and economic performance, however, this is not unanimous. Moreover, during economic downturns, companies struggle for survival and might consider corporate social responsibility efforts should be postponed. This research investigates if there is a positive relationship between social performance and key business results using a large sample of small and medium Portuguese companies over an extended period of time.Design/methodology/approach: The investigation is made by using survey responses from a sample of 2.222 small and medium companies (SMEs) over a 10 year period, from the Portuguese IAPMEI – Public Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation Benchmarking and Good Practices database. The hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between social and key business results performance was tested with correlation analysis and was complemented with semi-structured interviews of key Portuguese Sustainability Managers.Findings: The research results support the existence of valid positive relationships between companies’ social performance and key business results, confirming it does pay to invest in corporate social responsibility even in less favorable economic scenarios and for small and medium companies across all business sectors.Research limitations/implications: It was not possible to use more powerful statistical methods such as Partial Least Squares (PLS) or Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) due to data constraints and more qualitative research should be done to triangulate the results and better understating of the cause and effect relationships.Practical implications: Both managers and academics should be aware of the relevance of corporate social responsibility to assure companies enduring success and create benefits for stakeholders and society at large.Originality/value: This research makes contributions for the social and economic relationship body of knowledge with a particular emphasis on small and medium companies in Portugal and a potential application to other similar European countries, by using a large sample basis over an extended period of time.
Comparative accuracy of CT, dual-echo MRI and MR spectroscopy for preoperative liver fat quantification in living related liver donors
Authors: Rastogi Ruchi , Gupta Subhash , Garg Bhavya , Vohra Sandeep , Wadhawan Manav , Rastogi Harsh
Published: March 2016

Background: It is of significant importance to assess the extent of hepatic steatosis in living donor liver transplant (LDLT) surgery to ensure optimum graft regeneration as well as donor safety. Aim: To establish the accuracy of non-invasive imaging methods including computed tomography (CT), dual-echo in- and opposed-phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MR spectroscopy (MRS) for quantification of liver fat content (FC) in prospective LDLT donors with histopathology as reference standard. Settings and Design: This retrospective study was conducted at our institution on LDLT donors being assessed for biliary and vascular anatomy depiction by Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and CT scan, respectively, between July 2013 and October 2014. Materials and Methods: Liver FC was measured in 73 donors by dual-echoT1 MRI and MRS. Of these, CT liver attenuation index (LAI) values were available in 62 patients. Statistical Analysis: CT and MRI FC were correlated with histopathological reference standard using Spearman correlation coefficient. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predicative value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios with 95% confidence intervals were obtained. Results: CT LAI, dual-echo MRI, and MRS correlated well with the histopathology results (r = 0.713, 0.871, and 0.882, respectively). An accuracy of 95% and 96% was obtained for dual-echo MRI and MRS in FC estimation with their sensitivity being 97% and 94%, respectively. False-positive rate, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predicative value (NPV) were 0.08, 0.92, and 0.97, respectively, for dual-echo MRI and 0.03, 0.97, and 0.95, respectively, for MRS. CT LAI method of fat estimation has a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 73%, 77.7%, 70.4%, and 80%, respectively. Conclusion: Dual-echo MRI, MRS, and CT LAI are accurate measures to quantify the degree of hepatic steatosis in LDLT donors, thus reducing the need for invasive liver biopsy and its associated complications. Dual-echo MRI and MRS results correlate better with histological results in the study, as compared to CT LAI method for fat quantification.
Is decreased diameter of renal pelvis in prone position an indicator of successful pyeloplasty?
Authors: Sharma Gyanendra , Sharma Anshu , Leung Vivian Yee-Fong , Chu Winnie Chiu-Wing
Published: March 2016

Objective: To evaluate patients who had undergone pyeloplasty for pelviureteric junction obstruction, by measuring the anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the renal pelvis in supine and prone positions, and determine whether a decrease in APD in prone position can exclude obstruction in dilated renal system. Materials and Methods: From January 2012 to December 2013, patients who had undergone pyeloplasty were evaluated by ultrasound in two centers. The difference of APD of the renal pelvis in supine and prone positions was obtained. Correlation was made with the pre- and post-pyeloplasty renal function by radionuclide renogram. Results: There were 42 patients (31 males, 11 females; age range 5 months to 18 years). Residual hydronephrosis was detected in 41 patients of whom 35 patients (85%) showed decrease in APD by >10% in prone position. These patients and the one without hydronephrosis showed either no deterioration or improvement in renal function. Six patients (15%) showed either no change or increase in APD in prone position. Three patients (7.5%) were confirmed to have decrease in renal function indicating obstruction. Three patients (7.5%) showed no deterioration of renal function, but sluggish drainage on radionuclide renogram. Conclusion: Demonstration of decreased APD of renal pelvis in prone position by ultrasound is useful to differentiate obstructed from non-obstructed dilated renal system, and it correctly identified 85% candidates with successful pyeloplasty. In patients with no decrease or increase in APD at prone position, further follow-up is recommended to rule out obstruction.
Prenatal diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome
Authors: Padmanabhan Laxmi Devi , Hamza Zareena V , Thampi Madhavan Venugopalan , Nampoothiri Sheela
Published: March 2016

Amniotic band can cause a broad spectrum of anomalies ranging from simple band constrictions to major craniofacial and visceral defects. It can cause significant neonatal morbidity. Accurate diagnosis will help in the management of the present pregnancy and in counseling with regard to future pregnancies. Here we report three cases of amniotic band syndrome detected in the prenatal period.
Multiple hypertrophic relapsing remitting cranial neuropathies as an initial presentation of primary CNS lymphoma without any brain or spinal cord lesion
Authors: Watane Gaurav V , Pandya Saumil P , Atre Isha D , Kothari Foram N
Published: March 2016

Cranial nerve thickening as an initial isolated presentation of CNS lymphoma is rare. Once an extremely rare neoplasm, primary lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) now ranks  only next to meningiomas and low-grade astrocytomas in prevalence. Multiple cranial nerve thickening can be a feature of primary CNS lymphoma. Here we report a case of a 45-year-old immunocompetent female who presented with relapsing remitting multiple cranial nerve thickening as an initial feature of primary CNS lymphoma without any other brain or spinal cord lesions.
A case report on paraneoplastic encephalitis associated with astrocytoma - An unknown entity
Authors: Deshmukh Yogeshwari S , Atre Ashish L , Vhora Sanjay S , Karnik Swapnil V
Published: March 2016

Paraneoplastic encephalitis is a multifocal inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that is associated with remote neoplasias. The most common malignancy associated with it is bronchial carcinoma, typically small cell carcinoma of lung. It has never been described in association with intracranial neoplasm. We present and discuss the clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings of paraneoplastic encephalitis with intracranial space-occupying lesions (SOLs) in a 55-year-old man. He was thoroughly investigated and biopsy revealed presence of astrocytoma with changes of paraneoplastic encephalitis.
Role of Salvadora persica chewing stick (miswak): A natural toothbrush for holistic oral health
Authors: Niazi Fayez , Naseem Mustafa , Khurshid Zohaib , Zafar Muhammad S. , Almas Khalid
Published: March 2016

From an ancient tool to a modern way of improving oral health, miswak (chewing stick) has proven to be an effective tool for oral health. The miswak removes the bacterial plaque by mechanical and chemical actions. It provides a cheap and easily accessible way of improving oral health of the individuals and populations. The use of miswak was promoted centuries ago by Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him). In the modern era, the beneficial role of using miswak such as antiseptic, antimicrobial, anticariogenic and analgesic effects have been proven scientifically. This article reviews the various oral health benefits of miswak in the light of religious, scientific and social evidences.
Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy in a Pakistani population: A stereomicroscope versus digital caliper
Authors: Shahid Fazal , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Khamis Mohd Fadhli
Published: March 2016

Objective: Comprehensive diagnosis and treatment planning are essential in a successful orthodontic practice. The purpose of this study is to determine and compare intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (IMTSD) using traditional digital caliper (DC) measurement on plaster dental models and stereomicroscopic digital dental models (SM). Materials and Methods: The samples were randomly selected from different states of Pakistan. Total 7168 variables were measured on plaster dental casts (128) and SM digital dental models (128) according to the selection criteria. For IMTSD, the 6 variable measured as for anterior tooth size (maxilla, mandibular), overall tooth size (maxilla, mandibular), Bolton's anterior ratios (BAR), and Bolton's overall ratios (BOR). The independent t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: Significant sexual disparities in the sum of anterior tooth size and overall tooth size via DC and SM methods. No significant sexual disparities for BAR and BOR. No statistically significant differences were found in BAR and BOR between DC and SM. No significant differences were found on IMTSD ratio among different arch length and arch perimeters groups. Conclusions: Norms were developed based on DC and SM for IMTSD. Sexual disparities were observed in the sum of teeth size. However, no significant differences in BAR and BOR for IMTSD between the two methods.
A review of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture techniques for removable denture fabrication
Authors: Bilgin Mehmet Selim , Baytaroğlu Ebru Nur , Erdem Ali , Dilber Erhan
Published: March 2016

The aim of this review was to investigate usage of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) such as milling and rapid prototyping (RP) technologies for removable denture fabrication. An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Databases were searched from 1987 to 2014. The search was performed using a variety of keywords including CAD/CAM, complete/partial dentures, RP, rapid manufacturing, digitally designed, milled, computerized, and machined. The identified developments (in chronological order), techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of CAD/CAM and RP for removable denture fabrication are summarized. Using a variety of keywords and aiming to find the topic, 78 publications were initially searched. For the main topic, the abstract of these 78 articles were scanned, and 52 publications were selected for reading in detail. Full-text of these articles was gained and searched in detail. Totally, 40 articles that discussed the techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of CAD/CAM and RP for removable denture fabrication and the articles were incorporated in this review. Totally, 16 of the papers summarized in the table. Following review of all relevant publications, it can be concluded that current innovations and technological developments of CAD/CAM and RP allow the digitally planning and manufacturing of removable dentures from start to finish. As a result according to the literature review CAD/CAM techniques and supportive maxillomandibular relationship transfer devices are growing fast. In the close future, fabricating removable dentures will become medical informatics instead of needing a technical staff and procedures. However the methods have several limitations for now.
Benign schwannoma of the maxillary antrum
Authors: Hegde Oshin , Desai Dinkar , Bhandarkar Gowri P. , Paul Tony
Published: March 2016

Schwannoma also known commonly as neurilemmoma and schwann cell tumor is a benign nerve sheath tumor. About 1/3rd cases of schwannoma arise from the head and neck region but rarely from the nasal and paranasal sinuses. The recurrence rate in these cases has reported to be very rare. We report a rare case of schwannoma in a 60-year-old woman arising from the maxillary sinus further eroding the orbital floor and nasal bone. We have also described the clinical presentation, radiological, histological findings, and management of the case.
Cephalometric comparison of cesarean and normal births
Authors: Goymen Merve , Topcuoglu Tolga , Aktan Ali Murat , Isman Ozlem
Published: March 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric variables of subjects with normal and cesarean births. Materials and Methods: Ninety age- and gender-matched patients, who were treated in Gaziantep University, Faculty of Dentistry Orthodontics Department were equally divided into normal and cesarean groups according to the birth methods reported by their mothers. To eliminate the negative effects of being different in terms of age and gender among parameters, control, and patient groups were matched in the present study. Pretreatment cephalometrics radiographs were used. Six measurements representing sagittal and vertical relationships were evaluated from pretreatment cephalograms using Dolphin Imaging Orthodontics Software was used in this issue by an orthodontist. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Student's t-test, and Mann–Whitney U-test were used for statistical comparisons. Results: A point-nasion-B point angle (ANB) and Wits values were higher in the normal group, while sella-nasion-A point angle, sella-nasion-B point angle, Frankfort horizontal-mandibular plane angle, and gonion-gnathion-SN plane angle values were higher in the cesarean group. However, the groups showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). ANB angle and Wits values showed high correlation. Conclusions: Within the study limitations, the results suggest that the birth method may not have a considerable effect on the development of the craniofacial skeletal system.
Evaluation of school-based prevention program in Turkey: Results of a 24-month study
Authors: Dulgergil Coruh Turksel , Ercan Ertugrul , Colak Hakan
Published: March 2016

Objective: In this paper, cavity experiences of children with different levels of eruption and cavity activities that are enrolled at an elementary school with semi-rural characteristics in Kırıkkale Provincial center were monitored for 2 years after a variety of protective applications. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and twenty-two children at the age of 7–11 were included in this study. Children were grouped as follows according to their cavity experiences and applications done: Group 1 - control group (with or without cavities) – was given hygiene training only; Group 2 - with medium level cavity activity (2–4 cavities in average) – oral hygiene training + surface restoration applied; Group 3 - children with 2–4 cavities on average – oral hygiene training + professional flour gel applied; Group 4 - children with 2–4 cavities in average – oral hygiene training + flour gel applied with brush; Group 5 - children with extreme cavity activity (children with 5 or more cavities) – oral hygiene training + surface restoration + professional flour gel combination applied. Results: At the end of the 2nd year, 277 children were reached. The increase of number of cavities in permanent teeth was determined as 35%, 0%, 1%, 0%, and 7% in groups 1–5, respectively. The difference between groups was found to be significant (Chi-square analysis, Pearson Chi-square = 27.002, P < 0.01). Conclusion: These findings have showed that, in Kırıkkale Provincial center, some cavity-preventive measures such as surface restoration and gel applications, along with hygiene training, could provide optimum protection for school-age children.
Microhardness of composite resin cured through different primary tooth thicknesses with different light intensities and curing times: In vitro study
Authors: Mazhari Fatemeh , Ajami Behjatolmolok , Moazzami Saied Mostafa , Baghaee Bahareh , Hafez Bahareh
Published: March 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased exposure time and light intensity on microhardness of cured composite through different thicknesses of tooth structure in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy cylindrical resin composite specimens were prepared. All specimens were divided into 17 experimental and control groups. “Light-emitting diode” light curing unit (LCU) applied directly or through 1, 2, and 3 mm thicknesses tooth slices for experimental groups. The irradiation protocols were 25 and 50 s at 650 mW/cm2 and 15 and 30 s at 1100 mW/cm2. The “quartz-tungsten-halogen” LCU (400 mW/cm2) for 40 s was used in control group. Microhardness was measured by the Vickers hardness test. Results: Indirectly cured specimens and those cured through a 1 mm thick tooth structure, an increase in intensity caused hardness drop. In the specimens cured through 2 and 3 mm thick tooth structures, increased intensity and/or exposure time did not show any appropriate changes on microhardness. Conclusion: Irradiation through a 1.0 mm thick tooth slice resulted in reduced microhardness although it was still within the clinically acceptable level. The hardness values of the specimens cured through 2 or 3 mm thick tooth slices fell below the clinically acceptable level even after doubling the exposure time and/or light intensity.
Dental anomalies in children with cleft lip and palate in Western Australia
Authors: Nicholls Wendy
Published: March 2016

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to describe the prevalence and type of dental anomalies in the primary and permanent dentition in children with a cleft condition at Princess Margaret Hospital in Perth, Western Australia. Materials and Methods: The details of 162 current dental patients extracted from the main dental database through their year of birth for the period 1998–2001 were selected consecutively. Dental records and X-rays were examined by one examiner (WN) and verified by a second examiner (RB) to determine dental development. The mean age of the subjects was 10.8 years with equal numbers of males and females. Subjects were further divided into cleft type; unilateral cleft lip (UCL) and palate, bilateral cleft lip (BCL) and palate, UCL, BCL, and cleft palate. Results: One hundred sixty-two subjects were grouped into 21 categories of anomaly or abnormality. Prevalence rates for the categories were calculated for the overall group and for gender and cleft type. Conclusion: Overall, 94% of patients were found to have at least one dental anomaly, with fifty-six (34%) patients having more than one anomaly or abnormality.
Changes in the permeability and morphology of dentine surfaces after brushing with a Thai herbal toothpaste: A preliminary study
Authors: Vajrabhaya La-ongthong , Korsuwannawong Suwanna , Harnirattisai Choltacha , Teinchai Chayada
Published: March 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate dentine permeability after brushing with Twin Lotus®, Thai herbal toothpaste by comparing with Sensodyne Rapid Relief®, a commercial desensitizing toothpaste, and also after artificial saliva (AS) immersion or citric acid challenge. Materials and Methods: Dentine discs from human mandibular third molars were divided into three groups (n = 20) and brushed with either experimental toothpaste or water (control) for 2 min with an automated toothbrush. Then, 10 discs were immersed in AS, and the other 10 discs were immersed in 6% citric acid to simulate the conditions of the oral environment. The dentine permeability of each specimen was measured before brushing and after each treatment using a fluid filtration system. Morphological changes in the dentine were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Both toothpastes significantly reduced dentine permeability, and a crystalline precipitate was observed on the dentine surface under SEM observation. No significant difference was found between the two toothpaste groups with regard to dentine permeability after brushing and AS or acid immersion. Conclusions: The dentine permeability reduction caused by the two toothpastes did not differ after brushing or after AS or citric acid immersion.
Role of Biomarkers in the Development of PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Ganguly Bratati , Dolfi Sonia C. , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Lorna , Ganesan Shridar , Hirshfield Kim M.
Published: March 2016

Defects in DNA repair lead to genomic instability and play a critical role in cancer development. Understanding the process by which DNA damage repair is altered or bypassed in cancer may identify novel therapeutic targets and lead to improved patient outcomes. Poly(adenosine diphosphateribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) has an important role in DNA repair, and novel therapeutics targeting PARP1 have been developed to treat cancers with defective DNA repair pathways. Despite treatment successes with PARP inhibitors (PARPi), intrinsic and acquired resistances have been observed. Preclinical studies and clinical trials in cancer suggest that combination therapy using PARPi and platinating agents is more effective than monotherapy in circumventing drug resistance mechanisms. Additionally, identification of biomarkers in response to PARPi will lead to improved patient selection for targeted cancer treatment. Recent technological advances have provided the necessary tools to examine many potential avenues to develop such biomarkers. This review examines the mechanistic rationale of PARP inhibition and potential biomarkers in their development for personalized therapy.