bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GAMBARAN GEJALA KLINIS DAN HASIL PEMERIKSAAN CT SCAN KEPALA PADA PASIEN CEDERA KEPALA DENGAN GCS 13-15 DI RUANG RAWAT INAP PENYAKIT SARAF BOUGENVIL RSUD DR. H. ABDUL MOELOEK PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Pratama Sandhy Arya
Published: September 2020

Cedera kepala adalah salah satu penyebab kematian utama dikalangan usia produktif antara 15-44 tahun. Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan) Kepala mempunyai indikasi untuk cidera kepala sedang sampai berat, sedangkan cedera kepala ringan diperlukan hanya untuk indikasi tertentu.6 Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran gejala klinis dan hasil pemeriksaan CT Scan kepala pada cedera kepala dengan GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) 13-15. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan studi retrospektif.26 Penelitian ini melibatkan 99 sampel pasien yang ditentukan yang datang berobat dan dirawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Penyakit Saraf Bougenvil RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung. Data dianalisis dan di interpretasikan dengan analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penderita cedera kepala dengan GCS 13-15 terbanyak berdasarkan Umur dijumpai pada kelompok umur 17-25 tahun sebanyak 22 kasus (22,2%). Sebagian besar pasien cedera kepala berjenis kelamin Laki-laki yaitu sebanyak 72 orang (72,7%). Sebagian besar pasien memiliki aktivitas atau pekerjaan sebagai pelajar sebanyak 28 orang (28,3%). Penyebab cedera terbanyak dari kecelakaan lalu lintas sebanyak 85 orang (85,9%). Sebagian besar memiliki gejala klinis sakit kepala yaitu sebanyak sebesar 81 orang. Pasien memiliki hasil pemeriksaan CT Scan kepala abnormal yaitu sebesar 61 orang (61,6%). Kelainan yang didapat yaitu fraktur kranial sebanyak 11 orang (11,1%), SDH sebanyak 10 orang (10,1%), EDH sebanyak 6 orang (6,1%), SAH sebanyak 6 orang (6,1%), Edema serebri sebanyak 6 orang (6,1%), ICH sebanyak 3 orang (3,0%).
HUBUNGAN SELF DIRECTED LEARNING READINESS (SDLR) DENGAN PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA ANGKATAN 2015 FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS MALAHAYATI BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Anggunan Anggunan , Lestari Sri Maria Puji , Pangestu Bagas Aryo
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF DIRECTED LEARNING READINESS (SDLR) AND ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTSThis study aims to determine the relationship between Self-Direct Learning Readiness (SDLR) with academic procrastination in college students. This research is a quantitative study with analytic survey design and cross sectional approach. The sample of this study was 174 students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Malahayati, class of 2015. The research data were obtained with the SDLR scale and academic procrastination scale. The data obtained were processed using Pearson Product Moment correlation test. The results showed a significant negative correlation between Self-Direct Learning Readiness and academic procrastination, which means the greater the score of Self-Direct Learning Readiness, the lower the Academic Procrastination. The results of this study have implications for educational institutions to develop Self Directed Learning Readiness (SDLR) in students in order to prevent the emergence of academic procrastination. Keywords: Self Directed Learning Readiness, Academic Procrastination, College Students Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Self-Direct Learning Readness (SDLR) dengan prokrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan survei analitik dan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 174 mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malahayati angkatan 2015. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan skala SDLR dan skala prokrastinasi akademik. Data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi negatif yang signifikan antara Self-Direct Learning Readness dengan prokrastinasi akademik yang artinya semakin besar skor Self-Direct Learning Readness akan semakin rendah Prokrastinasi Akademik. Hasil penelitian ini memberi implikasi bagi institusi pendidikan untuk mengembangkan Self Directed Learning Readiness (SDLR) pada mahasiswa agar dapat mencegah munculnya prokrastinasi akademik. Kata Kunci: Self-Direct Learning Readness (SDLR), Prokrastinasi Akademik, Mahasiswa
The Influence of Individual Caring and Organizational Trust on Organizational Commitment of Private LPTK Lecturers in Medan City
Authors: Nasution Khairtati Purnama , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Rahman Arif
Published: September 2020

This study aims to reveal the influence of individual caring and organizational trust on organizational commitment of private LPTK lecturers in Medan city. This research design is classified as ex post facto research which has a causal relationship using a quantitative approThis research was conducted at private LPTKs throughout the city of Medan. This study was planned for 6 months. The population of this research is all lecturers who work in LPTK in Medan City. Based on data from each LPTK in Medan City, it was found that an overall population of 489 lecturersach. This research design uses a survey method. The data obtained from the measurement results were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The stages in data analysis to be carried out in this study are descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The results reveal that: 1. there is a significant effect of individual Carring variance on organizational trust. 2. there is a significant effect of Organizational Trust on Organizational Commitment.
Differences in Motivational Orientation in Physical Education in terms of Gender Differences
Authors: Arsani Arsani , Maksum Ali , SyamTuasikal Abdul Rahman , Kusnanik Nining Widyah
Published: September 2020

Motivation is one of the factors that influence the success of the physical education learning process. Motivation is divided into two dimensions, namely intrinsic motivation (arising from within) and extrinsic motivation (which is influenced by external or environmental factors). The success of physical education depends on the amount of motivation (motivation) that appears in students. If intrinsic motivation is greater than extrinsic motivation, the success of physical education will be easier to realize. This study aims to determine the motivation orientation of junior high school students in participating in physical education and to determine differences in motivation orientation based on gender in attending physical education in junior high schools. The population in this study were students of SMPN 40 Surabaya, amounting to 677 students. The research sample was 262 students. Sampling was done by random sampling technique with class as the unit of analysis. The data collection method in this study used a motivational questionnaire adapted from Deci (1971). This questionnaire has a validity of 0.356 to 0.755 and reliability (alpha) of 0.6854. To analyze the data, we used parametric statistical analysis of one sample t-test & independent samples t-test. To process it using the Windows version 20.00 SPSS statistical application program. The results obtained from the analysis of the one sample t-test as a whole obtained a mean value of 20.94 intrinsic motivation and a mean value of 14.63 extrinsic motivation. So that intrinsic motivation is greater than extrinsic motivation. For the results of the independent analysis of the sample t-test, it was obtained that F count was 3.68 with a significance of 0.00. Because it is significant 0.00 <0.05, the hypothesis is accepted. From the data analysis, it can be concluded that the motivation orientation of students of SMPN 40 Surabaya tends to be intrinsic and there are significant and significant differences in the motivation orientation between male students and female students based on gender differences.
Contents Vol 11(1), 2020
Authors: Chief Editor In
Published: September 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.11(1) 2020
Editorial Vol.11(1)
Authors: Talukder Md Humayun Kabir
Published: September 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.11(1) 2020: 1-2
Contents Vol 11(2), 2020
Authors: Chief Editor In
Published: September 2020

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.11(2) 2020
Entäs aikuiset? : katsaus medialukutaidon edistämiseen digitalisoituvassa Suomessa
Authors: Pääjärvi Saara , Palsa Lauri
Published: September 2020

Digitalisaatio on nimetty hallituksen strategiaa läpileikkaavaksi teemaksi, mikä kasvattaa odotuksia kansalaisten medialukutaidosta. Lasten ja nuorten mediakasvatuksen lisäksi myös aikuisten mediataitoja tulisi edistää.
Aikuiskoulutukseen osallistuminen Suomessa
Authors: Silvennoinen Heikki , Lindberg Matti
Published: September 2020

Mitä tiedämme, kun saamme tietää jonkun osallistuvan aikuiskoulutukseen? Emme paljoakaan. Aikuiskoulutuksen tarjonta on monimuotoisuudessaan pirstaleinen ja sen kysyntä on väestöryhmittäin eriytynyt. Omaehtoisesti harjoitetut aikuisopinnot eivät enää 2010-luvulla tyhjentävästi kuvaa aikuiskoulutukseen osallistumista.
Teatteri ja draama työn oppimismuotoina
Authors: Jansson Satu-Mari
Published: September 2020

Työelämän muutos edellyttää uusia näkökulmia myös työn kehittämiseen. Teatteri ja draama tarjoavat menetelmän osallistaa henkilökunta kehittämään organisaation toimintatapoja. – Satu-Mari Janssonin väitöskirja Teatteri ja draama työn oppimismuotoina (Helsingin yliopisto 2015).
The Bohemian Royal Towns (Pilsen, České Budějovice, Cheb) under the Power of Matthias Corvinus
Authors: Šandera Martin
Published: September 2020

This study deals with the fate of the only three Czech royal towns, which during the protracted confl ict over the Czech throne (1468–1479) declared themselves under the auspices of the Hungarian ruler Mathias Corvinus (České Budějovice, Pilsen), or had his authority under the title of King of Bohemia (from May 1469) successfully applied over them (Cheb). It reveals the motives for their leaning to the side of Mattias Corvinus and analyses their positions as military powers and, to a lesser extent, intelligence centres, deals with the changes in the holdings of real estate property in the towns in the course of Corvinus’s reign, and shows the compositions of the town councils, their eff orts to maintain independent political approaches (especially in the case of Cheb) and the development of their relations with the military command of the city. Attention is also paid to the ecclesiastical administration and cultural level of these municipalities during Matthias’s reign.
Phytochemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Pot-Grown Turnip-Rooted and Plain and Curly-Leafed Parsley Cultivars
Authors: Fernandes Ângela , Polyzos Nikolaos , Petropoulos Spyridon A. , Pinela José , Ardohain Elizandra , Moreira Glaucia , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R. , Barros Lillian
Published: September 2020

In the present study plant growth, nutritional value and chemical composition of leaves from twenty-five plain-leafed, curly-leafed and turnip-rooted parsley cultivars were evaluated. Total fresh yield was higher for the plain-leafed cv. Rialto Bejo: 192 ± 11 g/pot, while significant differences were observed between the three types in the nutritional parameters, except for the carbohydrates content. The most abundant organic acid was malic acid (5.22–6.88 g/100 g dw), while the total sugars content did not differ significantly among the tested cultivar types. α-tocopherol was the major tocopherol detected in amount that ranged between 14.76–30.32 mg/100 g dw. The main fatty acids were α-linolenic and linoleic followed by palmitic acid, while only linoleic acid content being different among the cultivar types. In conclusion, the existing diversity in the parsley genotypes could be valorised to increase the agrobiodiversity in the broader Mediterranean region through the introduction of less cultivated curly-leafed and turnip-rooted types.
African Lions and Zoonotic Diseases: Implications for Commercial Lion Farms in South Africa
Authors: Green Jennah , Jakins Catherine , Asfaw Eyob , Bruschi Nicholas , Parker Abbie , de Waal Louise , D’Cruze Neil
Published: September 2020

African lions (Panthera leo) are bred in captivity on commercial farms across South Africa and often have close contact with farm staff, tourists, and other industry workers. As transmission of zoonotic diseases occurs through close proximity between wildlife and humans, these commercial captive breeding operations pose a potential risk to thousands of captive lions and to public health. An understanding of pathogens known to affect lions is needed to effectively assess the risk of disease emergence and transmission within the industry. Here, we conduct a systematic search of the academic literature, identifying 148 peer-reviewed studies, to summarize the range of pathogens and parasites known to affect African lions. A total of 63 pathogenic organisms were recorded, belonging to 35 genera across 30 taxonomic families. Over half were parasites (35, 56%), followed by viruses (17, 27%) and bacteria (11, 17%). A number of novel pathogens representing unidentified and undescribed species were also reported. Among the pathogenic inventory are species that can be transmitted from lions to other species, including humans. In addition, 83 clinical symptoms and diseases associated with these pathogens were identified. Given the risks posed by infectious diseases, this research highlights the potential public health risks associated with the captive breeding industry. We recommend that relevant authorities take imminent action to help prevent and manage the risks posed by zoonotic pathogens on lion farms.
An Intelligent and Cost-Efficient Resource Consolidation Algorithm in Nanoscale Computing Environments
Authors: Kim MeSuk , Han ALam , Kim TaeYoung , Lim JongBeom
Published: September 2020

Because the Internet of things (IoT) and fog computing are prevalent, an efficient resource consolidation scheme in nanoscale computing environments is urgently needed. In nanoscale environments, a great many small devices collaborate to achieve a predefined goal. The representative case would be the edge cloud, where small computing servers are deployed close to the cloud users to enhance the responsiveness and reduce turnaround time. In this paper, we propose an intelligent and cost-efficient resource consolidation algorithm in nanoscale computing environments. The proposed algorithm is designed to predict nanoscale devices’ scheduling decisions and perform the resource consolidation that reconfigures cloud resources dynamically when needed without interrupting and disconnecting the cloud user. Because of the large number of nanoscale devices in the system, we developed an efficient resource consolidation algorithm in terms of complexity and employed the hidden Markov model to predict the devices’ scheduling decision. The performance evaluation shows that our resource consolidation algorithm is effective for predicting the devices’ scheduling decisions and efficiency in terms of overhead cost and complexity.
Factors That Affect Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading in Large Subduction Earthquakes
Authors: Araujo William , Ledezma Christian
Published: September 2020

Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading can induce significant deformations and damage in existing structures, such as ports, bridges, and pipes. Past earthquakes have caused this phenomenon in coastal areas and rivers in many parts of the world. Current lateral spreading prediction models tend to either overestimate or underestimate the actual displacements by a factor of two or more when applied to large subduction earthquake events. The purpose of this study was to identify ground motion intensity measures and soil parameters that better correlate with observed lateral spreading under large-magnitude (Mw ≥ 7.5) subduction earthquakes that have occurred in countries like Chile, Japan, and Peru. A numerical approach was first validated against centrifuge and historical cases and then used to generate parametric models on which statistical analysis was applied. Our results show that cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), Housner intensity (HI), and sustained maximum velocity (SMV) have a reasonably good correlation with lateral spreading for the analyzed cases.
The Protective Effect of Static Magnetic Fields with Different Magnetic Inductions against Fluoride Toxicity Is Related to the NRF2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Kimsa-Dudek Magdalena , Krawczyk Agata , Synowiec-Wojtarowicz Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

A redox imbalance disrupts the cellcycle and the proliferation process, and contributes to the initiation of programmed cell death. One of the pathways that are important for redox homeostasis is the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Fluoride as well as static magnetic fields (SMF) are associated with the concepts of oxidative stress, and thus programmed cell death. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the connection between oxidative stress and apoptosis in human cells co-exposed to fluoride and a SMF with a different magnetic induction and to determine whether the Nrf2-signaling pathway is involved in these effects. The research was realized using normal human dermal fibroblasts that had been co-exposed to fluoride (0.3 mmol/L) and a SMF with a different magnetic induction (0.45 T, 0.55 T, 0.65 T) for 12 h. The mRNA levels of the cellular antioxidant system-related genes and apoptosis-related genes were assessed using the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Our results indicated that the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1), SOD2 and GSR (glutathione reductase)) suggests the restoration of the cell redox homeostasis that had been disturbed by fluoride, and also that the genes whose expression is associated with the induction of apoptosis are down regulated as a result of exposure to a SMF. The SMF with a 0.65 T flux density had the strongest effect on the fibroblasts. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that the Nrf2 transcription factor plays a crucial role in the protective effect of a SMF against fluoride toxicity in human cells. The results of these studies can form the basis for developing therapeutic strategies for apoptosis and oxidative stress-related diseases.
Hysteresis Measurements and Numerical Losses Segregation of Additively Manufactured Silicon Steel for 3D Printing Electrical Machines
Authors: Tiismus Hans , Kallaste Ants , Belahcen Anouar , Vaimann Toomas , Rassõlkin Anton , Lukichev Dmitry
Published: September 2020

Samples from FeSi4 powder were fabricated with a low power selective laser melting (SLM) system using a laser re-melting strategy. The sample material was characterized through magnetic measurements. The study showed excellent DC magnetic properties, comparable to commercial and other 3D printed soft ferromagnetic materials from the literature at low (1 T) magnetization. Empirical total core losses were segregated into hysteresis, eddy and excessive losses via the subtraction of finite element method (FEM) simulated eddy current losses and hysteresis losses measured at quasi-static conditions. Hysteresis losses were found to decrease from 3.65 to 0.95 W/kg (1 T, 50 Hz) after the annealing. Both empirical and FEM results confirm considerable eddy currents generated in the printed bulk toroidal sample, which increase dramatically at high material saturation after annealing. These losses could potentially be reduced by using partitioned material internal structure realized by printed airgaps. Similarly, with regard to the samples characterized in this study, the substantially increased core losses induced by material oversaturation due to reduced filling factor may present a challenge in realizing 3D printed electrical machines with comparable performance to established 2D laminated designs.
Postural Stability and Regulation before and after High Tibial Osteotomy and Rehabilitation
Authors: Brehme Kay , Bartels Thomas , Pyschik Martin , Jenz Manuel , Delank Karl-Stefan , Laudner Kevin G. , Schwesig René
Published: September 2020

Knee osteoarthrosis (OA) is a widespread orthopedic problem and a high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a common treatment to minimize degeneration of the affected compartment. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the postural regulation and stability among patients who underwent HTO and rehabilitation. This prospective study included 32 patients (55.3 ± 5.57 years) diagnosed with medial tibiofemoral OA. Each subject completed postural regulation and stability testing (Interactive Balance System), as well as pain intensity (visual analogue scale) and quality of life questionnaires (SF-36) prior to HTO (exam 1), and at six weeks (exam 2), twelve weeks (exam 3) and six months (exam 4) post HTO. For postural comparison, all patients were matched (sex, age, height) with asymptomatic subjects. Significant time effects (exam 1 vs. exam 4) were found for weight distribution index (WDI; ηp2 = 0.152), mediolateral weight distribution ηp2 = 0.163) and anterior–posterior weight distribution ηp2 = 0.131). The largest difference (exam 3: ηp2 = 0.251) and the most significant differences to the matched sample were calculated for the stability indicator (exam 1: ηp2 = 0.237; exam 2: ηp2 = 0.215; exam 3: ηp2 = 0.251; exam 4: ηp2 = 0.229). Pain intensity showed a significant reduction (ηp2 = 0.438) from exam 1 (50.7 ± 20.0 mm) to exam 4 (19.3 ± 16.0 mm). Physical pain was the quality of life parameter with the largest improvement between exams 1 and 4 (ηp2 = 0.560). HTO allows patients to improve their mediolateral weight distribution, whereas postural stability is consistently lower than in asymptomatic subjects. This surgery leads to marked improvements in quality of life and pain.
Thermodynamics of Plutonium Monocarbide from Anharmonic and Relativistic Theory
Authors: Söderlind Per , Landa Alexander , Perron Aurélien , Moore Emily E. , Wu Christine
Published: September 2020

Thermodynamics of plutonium monocarbide is studied from first-principles theory that includes relativistic electronic structure and anharmonic lattice vibrations. Density-functional theory (DFT) is expanded to include orbital-orbital coupling in addition to the relativistic spin-orbit interaction for the electronic structure and it is combined with anharmonic, temperature dependent, lattice dynamics derived from the self-consistent ab initio lattice dynamics (SCAILD) method. The obtained thermodynamics are compared to results from simpler quasi-harmonic theory and experimental data. Formation enthalpy, specific heat, and Gibbs energy calculated from the anharmonic model are validated by direct comparison with a calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) assessment of PuC and sub-stochiometric PuC0.896. Overall, the theory reproduces CALPHAD results and measured data for PuC rather well, but the comparison is hampered by the sub-stoichiometric nature of plutonium monocarbide. It was found that a bare theoretical approach that ignores spin-orbit and orbital-orbital coupling (orbital polarization) of the plutonium 5f electrons promotes too soft phonons and Gibbs energies that are incompatible with that of the CALPHAD assessment of the experimental data. The investigation of PuC suggests that the electronic structure is accurately described by plutonium 5f electrons as “band like” and delocalized, but correlate through spin polarization, orbital polarization, and spin-orbit coupling, in analogy to previous findings for plutonium metal.
Fecal Indicator Bacteria Transport from Watersheds with Differing Wastewater Technologies and Septic System Densities
Authors: Iverson Guy , Sanderford Christa , Humphrey Charles P. , Etheridge J. Randall , Kelley Timothy
Published: September 2020

Wastewater contains elevated concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). The type of wastewater treatment technology and septic system density may influence the FIB concentration and exports at the watershed scale. The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of FIB concentrations and exports from watersheds served by conventional septic (CS) systems, sand filter (SF) septic systems, and a municipal sewer (SEW) system. Seven watersheds (3 CS, 3 SF, and 1 SEW) were monitored to quantify FIB concentration and export monthly from April 2015 to March 2016. The type of wastewater treatment did not yield significant differences in FIB concentration or exports when pooling watersheds using similar wastewater treatment. Watersheds with the highest septic densities (approximately 0.4 systems ha−1) contained greater FIB concentrations and exports than watersheds with the lowest (approximately 0.1–0.2 systems ha−1), but only FIB concentrations significantly differed. These findings suggest that when the septic system density exceeds 0.4 systems ha−1, water quality degradation from septic leachate may be observable at the watershed scale, especially in watersheds dominated by residential development. More research is recommended to determine if this density threshold is similar for other water pollutants and/or in watersheds with differing hydrogeological, land use, and wastewater characteristics.
A Preliminary Study on the Adaptive SNR Threshold Method for Depth of Penetration Measurements in Diagnostic Ultrasounds
Authors: Fiori Giorgia , Fuiano Fabio , Scorza Andrea , Galo Jan , Conforto Silvia , Sciuto Salvatore Andrea
Published: September 2020

Maximum depth of penetration (DOP) is among the most relevant parameters in quality assurance programs for Ultrasound (US) scanners. Nowadays, a generally-accepted protocol for DOP estimation is still awaited and, in common practice, DOP is visually assessed despite the low accuracy. To overcome the eye-based assessment subjectivity, automatic image analysis methods have been proposed in literature. The present work focuses on a novel automatic method, namely the adaptive Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) threshold method (AdSTM), developed in the MATLAB environment, by comparing it with an existing automatic approach, namely the tangent threshold method (TTM), and the mean judgment of eight observers (naked eye method). The three investigated methods were applied on data acquired from four US scanners for general purpose imaging, equipped with linear, convex, and vector array probes. Tests were carried out in two different configuration settings (raw scanner and default preset working conditions). AdSTM outcomes were tested by means of Monte Carlo Simulations. Most of measurement results were compatible despite the fact that the AdSTM seemed to be more sensitive and faster than the TTM. The results analysis confirms the higher dispersion of the naked eye method in DOP assessment with respect to the proposed automatic methods.
Inter-Session Reliability of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy at the Prefrontal Cortex While Walking in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Broscheid Kim-Charline , Hamacher Dennis , Lamprecht Juliane , Sailer Michael , Schega Lutz
Published: September 2020

Many established technologies are limited in analyzing the executive functions in motion, especially while walking. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) fills this gap. The aim of the study is to investigate the inter-session reliability (ISR) of fNIRS-derived parameters at the prefrontal cortex while walking in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy control (HC) individuals. Twenty people with MS/HC individuals walked a 12 m track back and forth over 6 min. The primary outcomes were the absolute and relative reliability of the mean, slope coefficient (SC), and area under the curve (A) of the oxy-/deoxyhemoglobin concentrations (HbO/HbR) in the Brodmann areas (BA) 9/46/10. The SC and the A of HbO exhibited a fair ISR in BA10 in people with MS. For the mean and A of the HbR, almost all areas observed revealed a fair ISR. Overall, the ISR was better for HbR than HbO. A fair to excellent ISR was found for most BA of the prefrontal cortex in HC individuals. In total, the ISR of the analyzed fNIRS-derived parameters was limited. To improve the ISR, confounders such as fatigue and mind wandering should be minimized. When reporting the ISR, the focus should be on the mean/A rather than SC.
How to Construct a Bottom-Up Nomothetic Network Model and Disclose Novel Nosological Classes by Integrating Risk Resilience and Adverse Outcome Pathways with the Phenome of Schizophrenia
Authors: Maes Michael , Vojdani Aristo , Galecki Piotr , Kanchanatawan Buranee
Published: September 2020

Current case definitions of schizophrenia (DSM-5, ICD), made through a consensus among experts, are not cross-validated and lack construct reliability validity. The aim of this paper is to explain how to use bottom-up pattern recognition approaches to construct a reliable and replicable nomothetic network reflecting the direct effects of risk resilience (RR) factors, and direct and mediated effects of both RR and adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) on the schizophrenia phenome. This study was conducted using data from 40 healthy controls and 80 patients with schizophrenia. Using partial least squares (PLS) analysis, we found that 39.7% of the variance in the phenomenome (lowered self-reported quality of life) was explained by the unified effects of AOPs (IgA to tryptophan catabolites, LPS, and the paracellular pathway, cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers), the cognitome (memory and executive deficits), and symptomatome (negative symptoms, psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, psychomotor retardation, formal thought disorders); 55.8% of the variance in the symptomatome was explained by a single trait extracted from AOPs and the cognitome; and 22.0% of the variance in the latter was explained by the RR (Q192R polymorphism and CMPAase activity, natural IgM, and IgM levels to zonulin). There were significant total effects (direct + mediated) of RR and AOPs on the symptomatome and the phenomenome. In the current study, we built a reliable nomothetic network that reflects the associations between RR, AOPs, and the phenome of schizophrenia and discovered new diagnostic subclasses of schizophrenia based on unified RR, AOPs, and phenome scores.
Promotion of Poststroke Motor-Function Recovery with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation by Regulating the Interhemispheric Imbalance
Authors: Yuan Xiaoxia , Yang Yuan , Cao Na , Jiang Changhao
Published: September 2020

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive brain-stimulation technique that transiently modulates cerebral cortex excitability, achieving overall positive results in poststroke motor-function recovery. Excessive inhibition of the ipsilesional-affected hemisphere by the contralesional-unaffected hemisphere has seriously hindered poststroke motor-function recovery. Hence, intracortical disinhibition can be used as an approach to managing poststroke brain injury. This technique promotes neural plasticity for faster motor-function recovery. rTMS relieves unilateral inhibition of the brain function by regulatinga interhemispheric-imbalanced inhibition. This paper summarized 12 studies from 2016 to date, focusing on rTMS on motor function after acute and chronic stroke by regulating the interhemispheric imbalance of inhibitory inputs. Although rTMS studies have shown promising outcomes on recovery of motor functions in stroke patients, different intervention methods may lead to discrepancies in results. A uniform optimal stimulus model cannot routinely be used, mainly due to the stimulus schemes, stroke types and outcome-measuring differences among studies. Thus, the effect of rTMS on poststroke motor-function recovery should be investigated further to standardize the rTMS program for optimal poststroke motor-function recovery. More randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials with standardized rTMS protocols are needed to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.
Introduction to Special Issue of Radiology and Imaging of Cancer
Authors: Fusco Roberta , Granata Vincenza , Petrillo Antonella
Published: September 2020

The increase in knowledge in oncology and the possibility of creating personalized medicine by selecting a more appropriate therapy related to the different tumor subtypes, as well as the management of patients with cancer within a multidisciplinary team has improved the clinical outcomes [...]
The Role of CO2 as a Mild Oxidant in Oxidation and Dehydrogenation over Catalysts: A Review
Authors: Rahman Sheikh Tareq , Choi Jang-Rak , Lee Jong-Hoon , Park Soo-Jin
Published: September 2020

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is widely used as an enhancer for industrial applications, enabling the economical and energy-efficient synthesis of a wide variety of chemicals and reducing the CO2 levels in the environment. CO2 has been used as an enhancer in a catalytic system which has revived the exploitation of energy-extensive reactions and carry chemical products. CO2 oxidative dehydrogenation is a greener alternative to the classical dehydrogenation method. The availability, cost, safety, and soft oxidizing properties of CO2, with the assistance of appropriate catalysts at an industrial scale, can lead to breakthroughs in the pharmaceutical, polymer, and fuel industries. Thus, in this review, we focus on several applications of CO2 in oxidation and oxidative dehydrogenation systems. These processes and catalytic technologies can reduce the cost of utilizing CO2 in chemical and fuel production, which may lead to commercial applications in the imminent future.
Identification of Missense ADGRV1 Mutation as a Candidate Genetic Cause of Familial Febrile Seizure 4
Authors: Han Ji Yoon , Lee Hyun Joo , Lee Young-Mock , Park Joonhong
Published: September 2020

Febrile seizure (FS) is related to a febrile illness (temperature > 38 °C) not caused by an infection of central nervous system, without neurologic deficits in children aged 6–60 months. The family study implied a polygenic model in the families of proband(s) with single FS, however in families with repeated FS, inheritance was matched to autosomal dominance with reduced disease penetrance. A 20 month-old girl showed recurrent FS and afebrile seizures without developmental delay or intellectual disability. The seizures disappeared after 60 months without anti-seizure medication. The 35 year-old proband’s mother also experienced five episodes of simple FS and two episodes of unprovoked seizures before 5 years old. Targeted exome sequencing was conducted along with epilepsy/seizure-associated gene-filtering to identify the candidate causative mutation. As a result, a heterozygous c.2039A>G of the ADGRV1 gene leading to a codon change of aspartic acid to glycine at the position 680 (rs547076322) was identified. This protein’s glycine residue is highly conserved, and its allele frequency is 0.00002827 in the gnomAD population database. ADGRV1 mutation may have an influential role in the occurrence of genetic epilepsies, especially those with febrile and afebrile seizures. Further investigation of ADGRV1 mutations is needed to prove that it is a significant susceptible gene for febrile and/or afebrile seizures in early childhood.
Low-Frequency Noise Behavior of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Different Al Compositions
Authors: Choi Yeo Jin , Lee Jae-Hoon , An Sung Jin , Im Ki-Sik
Published: September 2020

AlxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructures with two kinds of Al composition were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on sapphire substrates. The Al compositions in the AlGaN barrier layer were confirmed to be 13% and 28% using high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). AlxGa1−xN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with different Al compositions were fabricated, characterized, and compared using the Hall effect, direct current (DC), and low-frequency noise (LFN). The device with high Al composition (28%) showed improved sheet resistance (Rsh) due to enhanced carrier confinement and reduced gate leakage currents caused by increased Schottky barrier height (SBH). On the other hand, the reduced noise level and the low trap density (Nt) for the device of 13% of Al composition were obtained, which is attributed to the mitigated carrier density and decreased dislocation density in the AlxGa1−xN barrier layer according to the declined Al composition. In spite of the Al composition, the fabricated devices exhibited 1/ƒ noise behavior with the carrier number fluctuation (CNF) model, which is proved by the curves of both (SId/Id2) versus (gm/Id)2 and (SId/Id2) versus (Vgs–Vth). Although low Al composition is favorable to the reduced noise, it causes some problems like low Rsh and high gate leakage current. Therefore, the optimized Al composition in AlGaN/GaN HEMT is required to improve both noise and DC properties.
Relationship between Cortical Bone Thickness and Cancellous Bone Density at Dental Implant Sites in the Jawbone
Authors: Wang Shiuan-Hui , Shen Yen-Wen , Fuh Lih-Jyh , Peng Shin-Lei , Tsai Ming-Tzu , Huang Heng-Li , Hsu Jui-Ting
Published: September 2020

Dental implant surgery is a common treatment for missing teeth. Its survival rate is considerably affected by host bone quality and quantity, which is often assessed prior to surgery through dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Dental CBCT was used in this study to evaluate dental implant sites for (1) differences in and (2) correlations between cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness among four regions of the jawbone. In total, 315 dental implant sites (39 in the anterior mandible, 42 in the anterior maxilla, 107 in the posterior mandible, and 127 in the posterior maxilla) were identified in dental CBCT images from 128 patients. All CBCT images were loaded into Mimics 15.0 to measure cancellous bone density (unit: grayscale value (GV) and cortical bone thickness (unit: mm)). Differences among the four regions of the jawbone were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe’s posttest. Pearson coefficients for correlations between cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness were also calculated for the four jawbone regions. The results revealed that the mean cancellous bone density was highest in the anterior mandible (722 ± 227 GV), followed by the anterior maxilla (542 ± 208 GV), posterior mandible (535 ± 206 GV), and posterior maxilla (388 ± 206 GV). Cortical bone thickness was highest in the posterior mandible (1.15 ± 0.42 mm), followed by the anterior mandible (1.01 ± 0.32 mm), anterior maxilla (0.89 ± 0.26 mm), and posterior maxilla (0.72 ± 0.19 mm). In the whole jawbone, a weak correlation (r = 0.133, p = 0.041) was detected between cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness. Furthermore, except for the anterior maxilla (r = 0.306, p = 0.048), no correlation between the two bone parameters was observed (all p > 0.05). Cancellous bone density and cortical bone thickness varies by implant site in the four regions of the jawbone. The cortical and cancellous bone of a jawbone dental implant site should be evaluated individually before surgery.
Aortic Root Remodeling as an Indicator for Diastolic Dysfunction and Normative Ranges in Asians: Comparison and Validation with Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Liu Lawrence , Yun Chun-Ho , Kuo Jen-Yuan , Lai Yau-Huei , Sung Kuo-Tzu , Yuan Po-Jung , Tsai Jui-Peng , Huang Wen-Hung , Lin Yueh-Hung , Hung Ta-Chuan , Chen Ying-Ju , Su Cheng-Huang , Tsai Cheng-Ting , Yeh Hung-I , Hung Chung-Lieh
Published: September 2020

Background: The aortic root diameter (AoD) has been shown to be a marker of cardiovascular risk and heart failure (HF). Data regarding the normal reference ranges in Asians and their correlates with diastolic dysfunction using contemporary guidelines remain largely unexplored. Methods: Among 5343 consecutive population-based asymptomatic Asians with echocardiography evaluations for aortic root diameter (without/with indexing, presented as AoD/AoDi) were related to cardiac structure/function and N-terminal pro-brain B-type natriuretic peptide (Nt-ProBNP), with 245 participants compared with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT)-based aortic root geometry. Results: Advanced age, hypertension, higher diastolic blood pressure, and lower body fat all contributed to greater AoD/AoDi. The highest correlation between echo-based aortic diameter and the MDCT-derived measures was found at the level of the aortic sinuses of Valsalva (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). Age- and sex-stratified normative ranges of AoD/AoDi were provided in 3646 healthy participants. Multivariate linear regressions showed that AoDi was associated with a higher NT-proBNP, more unfavorable left ventricular (LV) remodeling, worsened LV systolic annular velocity (TDI-s′), a higher probability of presenting with LV hypertrophy, and abnormal LV diastolic indices except tricuspid regurgitation velocity by contemporary diastolic dysfunction (DD) criteria (all p < 0.05). AoDi superimposed on key clinical variables significantly expanded C-statistic from 0.71 to 0.84 (p for ∆AUROC: < 0.001). These associations were broadly weaker for AoD. Conclusion: In our large asymptomatic Asian population, echocardiography-defined aortic root dilation was associated with aging and hypertension and were correlated modestly with computed tomography measures. A larger indexed aortic diameter appeared to be a useful indicator in identifying baseline abnormal diastolic dysfunction.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Core-Needle Biopsy in the Assessment of the Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer—A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pyo Jung-Soo , Jung Jaehag , Lee Seul Gi , Kim Nae-Yu , Kang Dong-Wook
Published: September 2020

Background: The present study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy between ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (US-FNAC) and core needle biopsy (CNB) of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in patients with breast cancer through a meta-analysis and a diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) review. Methods: The present meta-analysis and DTA review included 67 eligible studies. The diagnostic accuracy of various preoperative assessments, including US-FNAC and CNB, was evaluated for ALNs assessments in patients with breast cancer. In addition, a subgroup analysis based on methods of cytologic preparation was performed. In the DTA review, the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (OR) and area under the curve (AUC) on the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were calculated. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of the preoperative assessments of ALNs was 0.850 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.833–0.866) for patients with breast cancer. The diagnostic accuracy of CNB was significantly higher than that of US-FNAC (0.896, 95% CI 0.844–0.932 vs. 0.844, 95% CI 0.825–0.862; p = 0.044 in a meta-regression test). In the subgroup analysis based on cytologic preparation, the diagnosis accuracies were 0.860, 0.861 and 0.859 for the methods of conventional smear, liquid-based preparation and cell block, respectively. In the DTA review, CNB showed higher sensitivity than US-FNAC (0.849 vs. 0.760). However, there was no difference in specificity between US-FNAC and CNB (0.997 vs. 1.000). US-FNAC with liquid-based preparation and CNB showed the highest diagnostic OR and AUC on the SROC, respectively. Conclusion: Both US-FNAC and CNB are useful in preoperative assessments of ALNs in patients with breast cancer. Although the most sensitive test was found to be CNB in this study, there was no difference in specificity between various preoperative evaluations and the application of US-FNAC or CNB may be impacted by various factors.
An Ultra-Short-Term Electrical Load Forecasting Method Based on Temperature-Factor-Weight and LSTM Model
Authors: Zhang Dengyong , Tong Haixin , Li Feng , Xiang Lingyun , Ding Xiangling
Published: September 2020

Ultra-short-term electrical load forecasting is an important guarantee for the safety and efficiency of energy system operation. Temperature is also an important factor affecting the changes in electric load. However, in different cases, the impact of temperature on load forecasting will vary greatly, and sometimes even lead to the decrease of forecasting accuracy. This often brings great difficulties to researchers’ work. In order to make more scientific use of temperature factor for ultra-short-term electrical load forecasting, especially to avoid the negative influence of temperature on load forecasting, in this paper we propose an ultra-short-term electrical load forecasting method based on temperature factor weight and long short-term memory model. The proposed method evaluates the importance of the current prediction task’s temperature based on the change magnitude of the recent load and the correlation between temperature and load, and therefore the negative impacts of the temperature model can be avoided. The mean absolute percentage error of proposed method is decreased by 1.24%, 1.86%, and 6.21% compared with traditional long short-term memory model, back-propagation neural network, and gray model on average, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that this method has obvious advantages in prediction accuracy and generalization ability.
A Survey on Bidirectional DC/DC Power Converter Topologies for the Future Hybrid and All Electric Aircrafts
Authors: Ojeda-Rodríguez Álvaro , González-Vizuete Pablo , Bernal-Méndez Joaquín , Martín-Prats María A.
Published: September 2020

DC-DC isolated converters allowing a bidirectional flow of energy between High-Voltage DC and Low-Voltage DC networks have been proposed to be integrated in future on board power distribution systems. These converters must meet the specially stringent efficiency and power density requirements that are typical of the aeronautic industry. This makes it specially challenging to determine which converter topology is best suited for each particular application. This work presents a thorough review of several topologies of bidirectional DC-DC power converters that are considered good candidates to meet certain important aeronautic requirements, as those related with high efficiency and high power density. We perform simulations on virtual prototypes, constructed by using detailed component models, and optimized following design criteria that are in accordance with those typically imposed by aeronautic requirements. This comparative analysis is aimed to clearly identify the advantages and drawbacks of each topology, and to relate them with the required voltage and power levels. As an outcome, we point out the topologies that, for the required power level at the chosen switching frequencies, yield higher efficiency in the whole range of required operation points and that are expected to allow more important weight reductions.
Analysis of V-Gutter Reacting Flow Dynamics Using Proper Orthogonal and Dynamic Mode Decompositions
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Xiao , Zhang Zhihao
Published: September 2020

The current work is focused on investigating the potential of data-driven post-processing techniques, including proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) for flame dynamics. Large-eddy simulation (LES) of a V-gutter premixed flame was performed with two Reynolds numbers. The flame transfer function (FTF) was calculated. The POD and DMD were used for the analysis of the flame structures, wake shedding frequency, etc. The results acquired by different methods were also compared. The FTF results indicate that the flames have proportional, inertial, and delay components. The POD method could capture the shedding wake motion and shear layer motion. The excited DMD modes corresponded to the shear layer flames’ swing and convect motions in certain directions. Both POD and DMD could help to identify the wake shedding frequency. However, this large-scale flame oscillation is not presented in the FTF results. The negative growth rates of the decomposed mode confirm that the shear layer stabilized flame was more stable than the flame possessing a wake instability. The corresponding combustor design could be guided by the above results.