bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐9.1: Investigation of Electroluminescent Response of Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Huang Yucong , Xu Dingxin , Chen Shuming
Published: November 2018

Quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) may have revealing potential application in visible light communications (VLCs) because of their fast electroluminescent (EL) response. In this work, we systematically investigate the influence of device structures, the bias conditions and the device area on the EL response of QLEDs. To increase the response speed of QLEDs, the bias, the charge transport materials and the emitting area are carefully tuned. The optimized devices can well response when even driven by a signal with frequency of 10 MHz, and exhibit a delay time of 252 ns with a rise time of 390 ns and a fall time of 178 ns. Used in VLCs, the QLEDs can have a wide modulation bandwidth of 1.5 MHz. Our results indicate that QLEDs can be applied not only in fast response displays but also in VLCs.
P‐9.2: GaN HEMT‐LED Homogeneous Integration for Micro‐LED Mass Transferring
Authors: Liu Yibo , Wei Feng , Lu Tao , Liu Zhaojun
Published: November 2018

Mass transfer is transferring a number of Micro‐LED pixels from the original substrate to target backplane, which aims to provide electrical connection and mechanical support for Micro‐LED pixels. Mass transfer technology plays a crucial role in Micro‐LED displays. For Micro‐LED displays larger than 2 inches, such as mobile phone and camera (2∼7 inches), Pad and Laptop (7∼15 inches), television (larger than 15 inches), mass transfer is a significant process in fabrication process. Unfortunately, mass transfer has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the Micro‐LED commercialization. There are many technology routes to solve (or to avoid) the problem of mass transfer. In this experiment, we review several methods of GaN HEMT‐LED monolithic integration to provide better electrical connection and mechanical support of Micro‐LEDs. As the third‐generation semiconductor, then we choose a model to do simulation by using Silvaco. GaN can be used as high‐quality LED and HEMT, especially the mobility of GaN HEMT is more than 2000cm2/V. S, which higher hundreds of times than Si transistor or TFT (Thin Film Transistor). HEMT‐LED monolithic integration can greatly improve the driving performance, save pixel area, improve pixel density, but also can avoid the problem of electrical connection in the mass transfer.
P‐9.7: Stable Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes via Adopting Solution‐Processed All‐Inorganic Heterostructure
Authors: Wang Lixi , Chen Jing , Pan Jiangyong , Lei Wei
Published: November 2018

Quantum dots (QDs) are prominent candidate materials for next‐generation flat‐panel displays and solid‐state lighting. In this study, a strategy of solution‐processed all‐inorganic heterostructure was proposed to overcome the emission efficiency and operation stability issues. Solution‐processed ZnO nanoparticles and NiO are used as the electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HIL), respectively. The proposed QLEDs demonstrate improved efficiency to 7.2 cd/A and 5.4 lm/W and good operating stability. Thus, the use of solution processed all‐inorganic charge transport layer (CTL) is a promising and practical approach to realize the high performance, easy‐to‐fabricate, and large area QLEDs.
P‐9.9: Design and Fabrication of Fine‐Pitch‐flexible‐transparent Pixelated‐Addressed Micro‐LED Arrays
Authors: Xiong Zhaobin , Keung CHO Wai , Qin Lihuan , Yu Zhiyi , Liu Zhaojun
Published: November 2018

This paper reported the design and fabrication of a fine pitch, flexible, transparent and pixelated addressable micro‐light‐emitting diode (Micro‐LED) array with a blue emission wavelength. The resolution of the array was 32 × 32. The monochromatic LED chip was directly bonded onto a custom‐designed printed circuit board made of flexible and transparent PET material. A blue flexible transparent Micro‐LED array with a pixel pitch of 0.6 mm was demonstrated. The LED controller was implemented by the custom made FPGA board. The controller controlled the driver board performing sequential row scan and multi‐column scan with constant sink current for each pixel of the Micro‐LED array. Compared with the conventional package of blue and white LED, Micro‐LED pixels have shorter rise time and higher response frequency. In recent years, with the rapid development of medical, micro display and communication network and other fields, integrated Micro‐LED arrays has become the urgent demand of the market. In addition to the characteristics of the planar LED micro arrays, the flexible and transparent Micro‐LED arrays can be applied on the object with curved surface, which has enlarged the application range of the Micro‐LED, and showed great potential for wearable devices, flexible sensors and biomedical applications.
P‐13.3: Close‐Space Sublimation of OLED Materials Via Electrical Heating of Metal Foils
Authors: Tam Siu Ting , Dong Shoucheng , Tang Ching Wan
Published: November 2018

Close‐space sublimation (CSS) has been explored in the industry as an alternative pattern‐wise deposition technology to the traditional vacuum thermal evaporation (VTE) through a fine metal mask (FMM). Recent attempts of combining CSS and FMM have also demonstrated the possibility of achieving ultrahigh pixel density in RGB OLED display. However, the evaporation behavior of materials in CSS process and the quality of CSS‐deposited films as a function of CSS conditions have not been established. In this work, thin tantalum foils deposited with OLED materials were used as the donor plate in CSS process, and its temperature was finely controlled by passing current through the foil. The deposition rates of archetypal OLED materials like NPB and Alq3 as a function of temperature were recorded in a CSS setup and the morphology of CSS‐deposited films was characterized.
A multivariate discrete failure time model for the analysis of infant motor development
Authors: Neelon Brian , Shoaibi Azza , Benjamin‐Neelon Sara E.
Published: November 2018

We develop a multivariate discrete failure time model for the analysis of infant motor development. We use the model to jointly evaluate the time (in months) to achievement of three well‐established motor milestones: sitting up, crawling, and walking. The model includes a subject‐specific latent factor that reflects underlying heterogeneity in the population and accounts for within‐subject dependence across the milestones. The factor loadings and covariate effects are allowed to vary flexibly across milestones, and the milestones are permitted to have unique at‐risk intervals corresponding to different developmental windows. We adopt a Bayesian inferential approach and develop a convenient data‐augmented Gibbs sampler for posterior computation. We conduct simulation studies to illustrate key features of the model and use the model to analyze data from the Nurture study, a birth cohort examining infant health and development during the first year of life.
Selective Production of Furanic Ethers from Lignocellulosic Biomass over Mesoporous Zr‐Incorporated SBA‐15 Catalyst
Authors: Patil Chetana R. , Rode Chandrashekhar V.
Published: November 2018

Etherification of furanic compounds such as furfuryl alcohol (FA) and 5‐(Hydroxymethyl) furfural (5‐HMF) to the corresponding ethers was successfully achieved over Zr‐SBA‐15 catalyst. For this purpose, various Zr‐SBA‐15 catalysts with different Zr/Si molar ratios in self‐generated acidic environment were prepared by one‐pot strategy in self‐generated acidic environment. XRD analysis revealed the increase in the d‐spacing from 9.021 nm for parent SBA‐15 to 11.66 nm for Zr‐SBA‐15, confirming the incorporation of Zr into the framework without disturbing the mesoporous structure of SBA‐15. For the lowest Zr concentration of 0.09 M, hexagonally ordered porous structure was found to be retained as confirmed by TEM while, increase in Zr/Si molar ratio to 0.14, resulted in loss of long range order mesoporosity. The presence of both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites in Zr‐SBA‐15 catalyst as evidenced by py‐IR, were due to the introduction of Zr in the frame work of SBA‐15. The co‐existence of Lewis and Brønsted acid sites in Zr‐SBA‐15 was responsible to catalyze etherification of FA and esterification of levulinic acid producing 2‐(Ethoxymethyl) furan and ethyl levulinate selectively, both of which are bio‐derived fuel additives.
TAFA2 Induces Skeletal (Stromal) Stem Cell Migration Through Activation of Rac1-p38 Signaling
Authors: Jafari Abbas , Isa Adiba , Chen Li , Ditzel Nicholas , Zaher Walid , Harkness Linda , Johnsen Hans E. , Abdallah Basem M. , Clausen Christian , Kassem Moustapha
Published: November 2018

Understanding the mechanisms regulating recruitment of human skeletal (stromal or mesenchymal) stem cells (hMSC) to sites of tissue injury is a prerequisite for their successful use in cell replacement therapy. Chemokine-like protein TAFA2 is a recently discovered neurokine involved in neuronal cell migration and neurite outgrowth. Here, we demonstrate a possible role for TAFA2 in regulating recruitment of hMSC to bone fracture sites. TAFA2 increased the in vitro trans-well migration and motility of hMSC in a dose-dependent fashion and induced significant morphological changes including formation of lamellipodia as revealed by high-content-image analysis at single-cell level. Mechanistic studies revealed that TAFA2 enhanced hMSC migration through activation of the Rac1-p38 pathway. In addition, TAFA2 enhanced hMSC proliferation, whereas differentiation of hMSC toward osteoblast and adipocyte lineages was not altered. in vivo studies demonstrated transient upregulation of TAFA2 gene expression during the inflammatory phase of fracture healing in a closed femoral fracture model in mice, and a similar pattern was observed in serum levels of TAFA2 in patients after hip fracture. Finally, interleukin-1β was found as an upstream regulator of TAFA2 expression. Our findings demonstrate that TAFA2 enhances hMSC migration and recruitment and thus is relevant for regenerative medicine applications. Stem Cells  2019;37:407–416
Neuromodulation for refractory overactive bladder in men
Authors: Mount Chloe , Malde Sachin , Palmisani Stefano , Robinson Dudley , Sahai Arun
Published: November 2018

Male incontinence is an important and often neglected medical problem that has a huge impact on quality of life. Men who are refractory to medications are considered for minimally invasive second‐line measures such as botulinum toxin A and neuromodulation. In this article the authors discuss the use of neuromodulation in men with refractory overactive bladder, its place in current guidelines, efficacy and potential adverse events.
Bullying in surgical training – where are we and where are we going?
Authors: Lovegrove Catherine Elizabeth
Published: November 2018

Bullying of staff in the NHS is at unacceptable levels and is a particular problem in surgery. Awareness surrounding the issue is increasing and this article provides a brief overview of the problems, manifestations and currently proposed solutions.
Quantifying the irreducible uncertainty in near‐term climate projections
Authors: Marotzke Jochem
Published: November 2018

If the Paris agreement at the Conference of Parties 21 is implemented very effectively, greenhouse‐gas emissions might decrease after year 2020. Whether this would lead to identifiable near‐term responses in “iconic” climate quantities of wide scientific and public interest is unclear, because the climate response would be obscured by quasi‐random internal variability. I define the climate response as an increase or decrease in a linear climate trend over the period 2021–2035, compared to 2006–2020, and establish the probability of such a trend change being caused by an assumed policy shift toward emissions reductions after 2020. I quantify the irreducible uncertainty in projecting such a trend change through very large (100‐member) ensembles of the state‐of‐the‐art climate model MPI‐ESM‐LR. Trends in global‐mean surface temperature (GMST) are higher over the period 2021–2035 than over 2006–2020 in one‐third of all realizations in the mitigation scenario RCP2.6, interpreted as implementing the Paris agreement, compared to around one‐half in the no‐mitigation scenario RCP4.5. Mitigation issufficientto cause a GMST trend reduction with a probability of 0.40 andnecessarywith a probability of 0.33. Trend increases in Arctic September sea‐ice area and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation are caused by the emissions reductions with a probability of only around 0.1. By contrast, emissions reductions arenecessaryfor a trend decrease in upper‐ocean heat content with a probability of over one‐half. Some iconic climate quantities might thus by year 2035 exhibit an identifiable response to a successful Paris agreement but sometimes with low probability, creating a substantial communication challenge.

This article is categorized under:

Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
Robotic interfaces for cognitive psychology and embodiment research: A research roadmap
Authors: Beckerle Philipp , Castellini Claudio , Lenggenhager Bigna
Published: November 2018

Advanced human–machine interfaces render robotic devices applicable to study and enhance human cognition. This turns robots into formidable neuroscientific tools to study processes such as the adaptation between a human operator and the operated robotic device and how this adaptation modulates human embodiment and embodied cognition. We analyze bidirectional human–machine interface (bHMI) technologies for transparent information transfer between a human and a robot via efferent and afferent channels. Even if such interfaces have a tremendous positive impact on feedback loops and embodiment, advanced bHMIs face immense technological challenges. We critically discuss existing technical approaches, mainly focusing on haptics, and suggest extensions thereof, which include other aspects of touch. Moreover, we point out other potential constraints such as limited functionality, semi‐autonomy, intent‐detection, and feedback methods. From this, we develop a research roadmap to guide understanding and development of bidirectional human–machine interfaces that enable robotic experiments to empirically study the human mind and embodiment. We conclude the integration of dexterous control and multisensory feedback to be a promising roadmap towards future robotic interfaces, especially regarding applications in the cognitive sciences.

This article is categorized under:

Computer Science > Robotics

Psychology > Motor Skill and Performance

Neuroscience > Plasticity
Salinity and Sodicity Adaptation and Mitigation Options
Authors: Shahid Shabbir A. , Zaman Mohammad , Heng Lee
Published: November 2018

Soil salinity and sodicity are twin constraints to agriculture production in many countries causing significant losses of crop production and land degradation. Once the salinity and sodicity problems are properly diagnosed, an integrated soil reclamation program may be formulated including combination of physical, chemical, hydrological and biological methods to rectify the twin problems. A combination of adaptation and mitigation technologies are to be adopted, for example adaptation allows the continued use of salt-affected soils by adjusting in response to the degree by which salinity and sodicity development has affected the soil, whereas, in contrast, mitigation refers to the technologies which are adopted to stop salinization to occur. It should be remembered that there is no single universal mitigation technology suitable for all soils, however, diagnostic based recommendations work satisfactorily for a specific site or location. Prior to setting up soil reclamation plan it is essential to review the available resources (farmer budget, availability and quality of water) and the objectives of reclamation and the reclamation plan established suiting the specific farmer needs. In this chapter, various soil reclamation methods such as; physical-leveling, subsoiling, mixing sand, seed bed preparation and salts scrapping); chemical (use of gypsum based on gypsum requirement, sulfur, acids etc.), hydrological-selection of suitable irrigation system-drip, sprinkler, bubbler, furrow, using the concept of leaching requiring/fraction to manage rootzone salinity, flushing, drainage, blending of water etc.; biological (use of organic amendments, green manuring, farm yard manures and selection of salt-tolerant crops) have be described. In addition, various methods of screening crops against salinity including hydroponics, field screening and serial biological concentration approach are described. Climate Smart Agriculture practices, integrated soil fertility management using 4 R nutrient stewardship are concisely reported. Procedures of salt-harvesting from saline lands and deep deposits and their commercial exploitation in industries are also introduced.
Personal Leadership as Form of Spirituality
Authors: van Saane Joke
Published: November 2018

In theories on leadership a paradoxal development can be perceived. The growth of social constructionist theories on leadership with a strong focus on both leaders and followers goes hand in hand with a call for strong leadership with a focus on skills and traits of the leader. Situational and reciprocal theories on leadership flourish as much as theories on effectiveness of leadership in relation to personality traits and leadership skills. This paradoxal development can be overcome when the paradigms of spirituality are taken into account. In this chapter three perspectives are discussed: the impact of spiritual concepts on leadership, the contemporary developments within religious leadership, and the connection between leadership and learning in the concept of personal leadership. Spiritual concepts open the domain of leadership to growth and values. Contemporary developments in religious leadership reveal the redefinition of traditional forms of religion and the impact on leadership. Personal leadership brings in the notion of learning, and offers a promising way of connecting contemporary needs in a complex world to sources of spirituality.
Leading Organisations in Turbulent Times: Towards a Different Mental Model
Authors: Jordaan Barney
Published: November 2018

Organisations that are able to adapt quickly to changing circumstances in their operating environment have a competitive advantage. This level of “agility” involves more than simply developing new strategies and organisational structures to enable the rapid gathering of relevant information and equally rapid response times. Agility also—if not primarily—requires an ability on the part of people in the organisation to collaborate effectively to improve their decision-making abilities both as far as speed and quality of outcome are concerned. Collaboration involves more than the mere acquisition of a particular skills set, e.g., to listen and communicate effectively, or procedural adeptness. Creating a collaborative working environment requires a climate of trust within the organisation and a mindset that is focused on working with, rather than against others to achieve common organisational goals and objectives. Given the human propensity to compete and the so-called trust deficit prevalent in organisations, trustworthiness on the part of leaders and an ability to instil a culture of collaboration are required. However, a number of human and organisational obstacles would need to be overcome to achieve this.
A gauged horizontal SU(2) symmetry and $$ {R}_{K^{\left(\ast \right)}} $$
Authors: Guadagnoli Diego , Reboud Méril , Sumensari Olcyr
Published: November 2018

Abstract

One of the greatest challenges for models of b → s anomalies is the necessity to produce a large contribution to a quark times a lepton current, J

q
× J

ℓ
, and to avoid accordingly large contributions to flavour-changing J

q
×J

q
and J

ℓ
×J

ℓ
amplitudes, which are severely constrained by data. We consider a gauged horizontal symmetry involving the two heaviest generations of all left-handed fermions. In the limit of degenerate masses for the horizontal bosons, and in the absence of mixing between the two heavier generations and the lighter one, such symmetry would make J

q
× J

q
and J

ℓ
× J

ℓ
amplitudes exactly flavour-diagonal. Mixing with the first generation is however inescapable due to the CKM matrix, and the above mechanism turns out to be challenged by constraints such as

$$ {D}^0-{\overline{D}}^0 $$

D
0

−

D
¯

0

mixing. Nonetheless, we show that a simultaneous description of all data can be accomplished by simply allowing for non-degenerate masses for the horizontal bosons. Such scenario predicts modifications in several processes that can be tested at present and upcoming facilities. In particular, it implies a lower and upper bound for ℬ(B → Kμ
±
τ
∓), an asymmetry between its two charge conjugated modes, and well-defined correlations with LFV in τ decays.
Supervision of a PV system with storage connected to the power line and design of a battery protection system
Authors: Traore M. , Ndiaye A. , Mbodji S. , Faye M. , Gueye D. , Tankari M. T. , Lefebvre G. , Thiaw L.
Published: November 2018

This work presents the supervision strategy in an Arduino card PV generator with storage connected to the low voltage grid. The studied system is composed of a photovoltaic generator, a boost converter, a buck-boost converter and a single-phase inverter. The power of the PV module depends on atmospheric conditions. Batteries are often confronted with overload problems and underload.
The objective of this article is to manage the charging and discharging of the batteries, taking into account their protection against overload and under load and supervise the system. For this, supervision algorithms implemented in Arduino developed.
Simulation results under Matlab show that the Arduino board has ensured the protection of the batteries and system supervision.
Children as Commodities: Conflicting Discourses of Protection and Abuse of Children
Authors: Schulz Pamela
Published: November 2018

In modern society children are valued and nurtured, and it is often stated in media discourses across a variety of platforms and via the press and elsewhere, particularly by politicians, that “Children are our future”. Thus, they deserve the best education and a safe and secure environment in order to thrive and become a part of society. To this end, this study looks at how the media and its language construct children as a commodity in the economy who are used by media as a barometer for society and its commitment to decency and community. However, on closer inspection, a disturbing discourse of division emerges showing the community is split on how best to care and protect our children so that they may partake of that future. Children are used to promote viewpoints (or even ideologies) by celebrities who use their children as exemplars of their parenting style. In addition, children are used by media as a measure of whether a modern democracy is fair or decent in its application of law. From issues related to the pester power through which marketers use children to sell products to the lure of the internet, children are used to make money or seek access to it. Most modern legal frameworks actively support the maintenance of children within culture and kinship groups, yet thousands of children each year are deliberately separated from their parents who are encouraged by marketing ploys to send their children to other parts of the world for education or to seek a migration outcome. This study suggests that modern democratic societies are not consistent in their discourses which, on the one hand, seek to promote active support for the care and wellbeing of children and, on the other, continue a divisive discourse about appropriate responses. In this analysis and commentary, italics are used to give emphasis to keywords and phrases.
Editorial: Towards a Universal Basic Income?
Authors: Lehmann Jennifer , Sanders Rachael
Published: November 2018

In the last issue of Children Australia, we discussed the concerning impacts of failing social security systems on families with children and young people in their care. The continual reports of difficulties accessing income supports are contributing to poverty in Australia and elsewhere in spite of extreme poverty having decreased on a global basis (Roser & Ortiz-Ospina, 2018). In addition, there is ample anecdotal evidence of the frustrations and difficulties experienced when trying to access income support.
POETRY, “THE METAL-BOUND COFFER,” AND THE DUKE OF ZHOU
Authors: Huang Kuan-yun
Published: November 2018

The two parts of this study concern the three extant versions of “The Metal-bound Coffer” (“Jin teng”): the two received texts in the Book of Documents and the Grand Scribe's Records and the newly recovered Warring States manuscript now at Tsinghua University in Beijing. The first part considers an uncontroversial detail shared by all three versions: the reference to a poem composed by the Duke of Zhou called “The Owl” (“Chixiao”). Cross-referencing “The Metal-bound Coffer” with a poem of the same title, now found in the Book of Odes, it is possible to explain not only the place of this poem in the overall narrative of “The Metal-bound Coffer,” but also the considerations of the poem's two ancient commentators, Mao and Zheng Xuan. In the second part of the study, the discussion turns to the three versions of “The Metal-bound Coffer,” looking in turn at three different passages. By positing a greater number of testimonies than the ones that happen to survive, I argue that a comparison of the extant versions reveals an effort by transmitters, commentators, and the re-teller Sima Qian to teach a single lesson: the Duke of Zhou occupied a subordinate place vis-à-vis the ruler, and must never undermine him in any way.
Helical self-similarity of tip vortex cores
Authors: Okulov Valery L. , Kabardin Ivan K. , Mikkelsen Robert F. , Naumov Igor V. , Sørensen Jens N.
Published: November 2018

The present work investigates local flow structures and the downstream evolution of the core of helical tip vortices generated by a three-bladed rotor. Earlier experimental studies have shown that the core of a helical tip vortex exhibits a local helical symmetry with a simple relation between the axial and azimuthal velocities. In the present study, a self-similarity scaling argument further describes the downstream development of the vortex core. Self-similarity has up to now only been investigated for longitudinal vortices and it is the first time that helical vortices have become the subject of such an analysis. Combining symmetry arguments from previous studies on helical vortices with novel experiments and knowledge regarding the self-similarity evolution of the core of longitudinal vortices, a new model describing what is referred to as ‘helical self-similarity’ is proposed. The generality of the model is verified and supported by experimental data. The proposed model is important for fundamental understanding of the behaviour of helical vortices, with a range of applications in both industry and nature. Examples of this are tip vortices behind aerodynamic devices, such as vortex generators, and fixed and rotary aircraft, and in combustion chambers and cyclone separators.
Effect of wall corrugations on scalar transfer to a wavy falling liquid film
Authors: Dietze Georg F.
Published: November 2018

Direct numerical simulation is employed to study the effect of small-scale wall corrugations on scalar transfer through the wavy surface of a vertically falling liquid film in interaction with a strongly confined counter-current gas flow. Three wall geometries are considered: (i) a flat wall for reference; (ii) a sinusoidal corrugation typically found on structured packings in chemical engineering devices; and (iii) a heuristic design consisting of isolated semicircular bumps distanced by the wavelength of the surface waves. We consider the limiting case of a Dirichlet condition for the transported scalar (temperature or mass fraction) at the liquid–gas interface and focus on liquid-side transport. We consider convection-dominated regimes at moderate and large Péclet numbers, representative of heat and mass transfer respectively, and confront forced and noise-driven wave regimes. Our results show that sinusoidal wall corrugations increase transfer by up to 30 per cent in terms of the exchange length required to transfer a fixed amount of the transported quantity. A slightly greater intensification is achieved through the bump-shaped corrugations, which intermittently disrupt the moving-frame vortex forming within the large-amplitude solitary waves, allowing these to replenish with unsaturated liquid. However, when the velocity of the strongly confined gas flow is increased above a certain threshold, the bumps can trigger the flooding of the channel.
Azimuthal-mode solutions of two-dimensional Euler flows and the Chaplygin–Lamb dipole
Authors: Viúdez A.
Published: November 2018

Exact solutions for multipolar azimuthal-mode vortices in two-dimensional Euler flows are presented. Flow solutions with non-vanishing far-field velocity are provided for any set of azimuthal wavenumbers $m$ and arbitrary number $n$ of vorticity shells. For azimuthal wavenumbers $m=0$ and $m=1$, the far-field velocity is a rigid motion and unsteady flow solutions with vanishing far-field velocity are obtained by means of a time-dependent change of reference frame. Addition of these first two modes, in the case of $n=1$, results in a particular Chaplygin–Lamb (C–L) dipole, with continuous and vanishing vorticity at the vortex boundary. Numerical simulations suggest that this particular C–L dipole is stable.
The Dawes Review 8: Measuring the Stellar Initial Mass Function
Authors: Hopkins A. M.
Published: November 2018

The birth of stars and the formation of galaxies are cornerstones of modern astrophysics. While much is known about how galaxies globally and their stars individually form and evolve, one fundamental property that affects both remains elusive. This is problematic because this key property, the birth mass distribution of stars, referred to as the stellar initial mass function, is a key tracer of the physics of star formation that underpins almost all of the unknowns in galaxy and stellar evolution. It is perhaps the greatest source of systematic uncertainty in star and galaxy evolution. The past decade has seen a growing variety of methods for measuring or inferring the initial mass function. This range of approaches and evolving definitions of the quantity being measured has in turn led to conflicting conclusions regarding whether or not the initial mass function is universal. Here I review this growing wealth of approaches, and highlight the importance of considering potential initial mass function variations, reinforcing the need to carefully quantify the scope and uncertainties of measurements. I present a new framework to aid the discussion of the initial mass function and promote clarity in the further development of this fundamental field.
The Breakthrough Listen search for intelligent life: Wide-bandwidth digital instrumentation for the CSIRO Parkes 64-m telescope
Authors: Price Danny C. , MacMahon David H. E. , Lebofsky Matt , Croft Steve , DeBoer David , Enriquez J. Emilio , Foster Griffin S. , Gajjar Vishal , Gizani Nectaria , Hellbourg Greg , Isaacson Howard , Siemion Andrew P. V. , Werthimer Dan , Green James A. , Amy Shaun , Ball Lewis , Bock Douglas C.-J. , Craig Dan , Edwards Philip G. , Jameson Andrew , Mader Stacy , Preisig Brett , Smith Mal , Reynolds John , Sarkissian John
Published: November 2018

Breakthrough Listen is a 10-yr initiative to search for signatures of technologies created by extraterrestrial civilisations at radio and optical wavelengths. Here, we detail the digital data recording system deployed for Breakthrough Listen observations at the 64-m aperture CSIRO Parkes Telescope in New South Wales, Australia. The recording system currently implements two modes: a dual-polarisation, 1.125-GHz bandwidth mode for single-beam observations, and a 26-input, 308-MHz bandwidth mode for the 21-cm multibeam receiver. The system is also designed to support a 3-GHz single-beam mode for the forthcoming Parkes ultra-wideband feed. In this paper, we present details of the system architecture, provide an overview of hardware and software, and present initial performance results.
A COMPACT QUALITATIVE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE FOR SOME NONUNIMODULAR GROUPS
Authors: NASSERDDINE WASSIM
Published: November 2018

Let $G$ be a separable locally compact group with type $I$ left regular representation, $\widehat{G}$ its dual, $A(G)$ its Fourier algebra and $f\in A(G)$ with compact support. If $G=\mathbb{R}$ and the Fourier transform of $f$ is compactly supported, then, by a classical Paley–Wiener theorem, $f=0$. There are extensions of this theorem for abelian and some unimodular groups. In this paper, we prove that if $G$ has no (nonempty) open compact subsets, $\hat{f}$, the regularised Fourier cotransform of $f$, is compactly supported and $\text{Im}\,\hat{f}$ is finite dimensional, then $f=0$. In connection with this result, we characterise locally compact abelian groups whose identity components are noncompact.
A Paper Puritan of Puritans: The Liberator’s Protestant Spirit the Antebellum Public Sphere
Authors: GRADERT KENYON
Published: November 2018

This essay argues that the anti-slavery periodical The Liberator cast itself as heir to a revolutionary tradition of Puritan print to sanction its critiques of the American church and state. This reimagination of Puritanism spoke to readers by tapping into desires for spiritual revival within a secularizing public sphere and a print culture shifting from Protestant scarcity to Victorian abundance. By tracking how The Liberator both utilized these new print technologies and imagined their reclamation of Puritanism, this essay ultimately reveals a more ambiguous negotiation between the sacred and the secular in the emergent public sphere than is often supposed.
Homer, The Archaeology of Crete and the ‘Tomb of Meriones’ at Knossos
Authors: Kotsonas Antonis
Published: November 2018

Homeric archaeology long dominated the study of early Greece, but new approaches have recently revolutionized the field. Drawing from these approaches, I offer a regional and diachronic analysis of Homeric stories about Crete, an assessment of the reception of these stories by the island's inhabitants throughout antiquity and an account of their impact on medieval to modern literature and art. I find that Cretan interest in Homer peaks in the Hellenistic period, but also argue for the much earlier familiarity of some Cretans with stories that underlie the Homeric epics. This argument relies on an analysis of the archaeological assemblage of a Knossian tomb of the 11th century BC, which includes a range of arms that is exceptional for both Aegean archaeology and the Homeric epics. In the epics, this equipment is carried by the Knossian hero Meriones, whose poetic persona can be traced back to the Late Bronze Age on philological and linguistic grounds. Based on this, and on current understandings of performance at death, I argue that the Knossian burial assemblage was staged to reference the persona of Meriones, therefore suggesting the familiarity of some Cretans with early stories that eventually filtered into the Homeric epics.
In the Shadow of Phoenicia: North Syria and ‘Palestinian Syria’ in Herodotus
Authors: Sullivan Benjamin M.
Published: November 2018

Scrutiny of Herodotus’ ethnographic accounts of northern Syria and the region he calls ‘Palestinian Syria’ reveals oddities and inconsistencies. Here it is argued that such problems may be resolved if a fundamental fact is recognized: the enormous early literary prestige of the Phoenicians has obscured the historical roles of these other peoples in the Histories. The character and extent of this process, specifically as it bears on Syria-Palestine during Iron Age II, is analysed here. It is hoped that a new appreciation of the Syrians as an ethnicity may be gained as a result. It is suggested as well that for important historical problems researchers should ascertain whether Herodotus is not actually talking about Syrians when he discusses Phoenicians.
Wave-Like Commentaries: The Structure and Philosophical Orientation of Middle Platonist Commentaries
Authors: Petrucci Federico M.
Published: November 2018

Scholars remain far from reaching agreement about the structure of Middle Platonist commentaries on Plato's dialogues: some take them to have been running line-by-line commentaries, while others believe that Middle Platonist commentaries were mainly specialist works. In this paper I propose a fresh and comprehensive analysis of extant sources in order to show that both views, while shedding light on important features of this literary genre in Middle Platonism, should be supplemented in order to draw a more complex picture. Extant sources suggest that the Middle Platonist commentaries were characterized by a set of features which shaped a specific conception of the literary genre: they were lemmatic and followed the development of a dialogue in its progression, yet at the same time they applied a thematic focus and hence admitted a substantial degree of selectivity.
Success in a Fontan pregnancy: how important is ventricular function?
Authors: Ordonez M. Victoria , Trinder Johanna , Curtis Stephanie L.
Published: November 2018

The Fontan operation is a palliative surgical procedure for patients whose hearts cannot support a biventricular circulation. The haemodynamic changes that occur in pregnancy are particularly challenging for Fontan patients and the outcomes are variable. We present a case where fetal outcome was particularly poor despite a lack of high risk features pre-pregnancy.
Longitudinal Standards for Mid-life Cognitive Performance: Identifying Abnormal Within-Person Changes in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention
Authors: Koscik Rebecca L. , Jonaitis Erin M. , Clark Lindsay R. , Mueller Kimberly D. , Allison Samantha L. , Gleason Carey E. , Chappell Richard J. , Hermann Bruce P. , Johnson Sterling C.
Published: November 2018

Objectives: A major challenge in cognitive aging is differentiating preclinical disease-related cognitive decline from changes associated with normal aging. Neuropsychological test authors typically publish single time-point norms, referred to here as unconditional reference values. However, detecting significant change requires longitudinal, or conditional reference values, created by modeling cognition as a function of prior performance. Our objectives were to create, depict, and examine preliminary validity of unconditional and conditional reference values for ages 40–75 years on neuropsychological tests. Method: We used quantile regression to create growth-curve–like models of performance on tests of memory and executive function using participants from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention. Unconditional and conditional models accounted for age, sex, education, and verbal ability/literacy; conditional models also included past performance on and number of prior exposures to the test. Models were then used to estimate individuals’ unconditional and conditional percentile ranks for each test. We examined how low performance on each test (operationalized as <7th percentile) related to consensus-conference–determined cognitive statuses and subjective impairment. Results: Participants with low performance were more likely to receive an abnormal cognitive diagnosis at the current visit (but not later visits). Low performance was also linked to subjective and informant reports of worsening memory function. Conclusions: The percentile-based methods and single-test results described here show potential for detecting troublesome within-person cognitive change. Development of reference values for additional cognitive measures, investigation of alternative thresholds for abnormality (including multi-test criteria), and validation in samples with more clinical endpoints are needed. (JINS, 2019, 25, 1–14)
Delay discounting and its association with food purchasing considerations and food availability in the home in south-east Alabama, USA
Authors: Garza Kimberly B , Datubo-Brown Christiana , Gaillard Philippe , Jeminiwa Ruth
Published: November 2018

Objective

Certain factors, such as food quality, label content and grocery characteristics, may be considered when purchasing foods. Food availability in the home has been shown to influence dietary behaviours, also associated with delay discounting (DD). The present study sought to characterize the relationships between DD, food purchasing considerations and healthfulness of foods in the home.

Design

A cross-sectional, online survey of adults (n 477) was conducted with the following measures: DD, consideration of food quality (nutrition, taste) and grocery characteristics (price, ease of preparation, shelf-life) while shopping, use of food labels and food availability in the home. DD was assessed by the area under the delay discounting curve (AUC) using a binary choice task. Greater AUC reflects lower DD. Structural equation modelling was used to allow AUC to simultaneously predict purchasing considerations and foods in the home.

Setting

Online survey.

Participants

Adult employees in south-east Alabama, USA.

Results

DD was negatively associated with food label use and emphasis on food quality when shopping (P<0·001). In the final model, DD was associated with availability of healthful foods in the home and emphasis on food quality and grocery characteristics. About 33 % of the variance in shopping behaviours, 5 % in food label use, 7 % in availability of healthful foods and 4 % in availability of unhealthful foods was explained by DD.

Conclusions

Individuals with lower DD appear to be more thoughtful in making food purchasing decisions and have healthful foods available in the home more frequently than individuals with higher DD.
Queering Reproductive Justice in the Trump Era: A Note on Political Intersectionality
Authors: Price Kimala
Published: November 2018

Over the last two decades, LGBTQ and reproductive justice advocacy groups have attempted to queer reproductive justice by building coalitions and developing a shared agenda between the new movements. The recent election of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States has presented a different set of challenges to this queering process. Through the examination of the political actions and stances taken by the Trump administration as well as the public discourse on identity politics and intersectionality that has emerged in the wake of Trump's election, this article explores what queering reproductive justice looks like in this changed political environment and discusses the implications of Trump's election on the potential for cross-movement coalition building. How does this political moment help us further develop the concept of political intersectionality?
Study Design and Rationale for the Mood and Methylation Study: A Platform for Multi-Omics Investigation of Depression in Twins
Authors: Strachan Eric , Zhao Jinying , Roy-Byrne Peter P. , Fowler Emily , Bacus Tamara
Published: November 2018

Major depression is a complex disorder with no single, direct causal mechanism. Morbidity has been linked to genetic processes, developmental history, and unique environmental exposures. Epigenetic mechanisms, especially DNA methylation, are also likely important factors in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). A community-based twin sample has many advantages for epigenetic studies, given the shared genetic and developmental histories of same-sex twin pairs. This article describes the rationale and study design for the Mood and Methylation Study in which 133 twin pairs (101 monozygotic and 32 dizygotic), both discordant and concordant for lifetime history of MDD, were evaluated on a large number of variables related to MDD. The twins also provided blood samples for an epigenome-wide association study of differentially methylated regions (DMR) relevant to MDD. Although MDD is typically considered a disorder of the central nervous system, it is unfeasible to obtain a large sample of brain tissues. However, epigenetic variation is not limited to the affected tissue but can also be detected in peripheral blood leukocytes. Thus, this study focused on monocytes for the major analyses. Additional plans for the study include gene expression analysis from the same set of twins using RNA-seq and validation of significant DMRs in postmortem brain tissues from a separate sample. Moreover, sufficient samples have been collected to perform future ‘multi-omic’ analyses, including metabolome, microbiome, and transcriptome. Our long-term goal is to understand how epigenomic and other ‘omic’ factors can be manipulated for diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic purposes for MDD and its related conditions.
The Dynamic History of 220 Million Years of Subduction Below Mexico: A Correlation Between Slab Geometry and Overriding Plate Deformation Based on Geology, Paleomagnetism, and Seismic Tomography
Authors: Boschman Lydian M. , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Kimbrough David L. , Langereis Cor G. , Spakman Wim
Published: November 2018

Global tectonic reconstructions of pre‐Cenozoic plate motions rely primarily on paleomagnetic and geological data from the continents, and uncertainties increase significantly with deepening geological time. In attempting to improve such deep‐time plate kinematic reconstructions, restoring lost oceanic plates through the use of geological and seismic tomographical evidence for past subduction is key. The North American Cordillera holds a record of subduction of oceanic plates that composed the northeastern Panthalassa Ocean, the large oceanic realm surrounding Pangea in Mesozoic times. Here we present new paleomagnetic data from subduction‐related rock assemblages of the Vizcaíno Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico, which yield a paleolatitudinal plate motion history equal to that of the North American continent since Late Triassic time. This indicates that the basement rocks of the Vizcaíno Peninsula formed in the forearc of the North American Plate, adjacent to long‐lived eastward dipping subduction at the southern part of the western North American continental margin. Tomographic images confirm long‐lived, uninterrupted eastward subduction. We correlate episodes of overriding plate shortening and extension to flat and steep segments of the imaged slab. By integrating paleomagnetic, geological, and tomographic evidence, we provide a first‐order model that reconciles absolute North American plate motion and the deformation history of Mexico since Late Triassic time with modern slab structure.
Near‐Surface Maximum Winds During the Landfall of Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Alford A. Addison , Biggerstaff Michael I. , Carrie Gordon D. , Schroeder John L. , Hirth Brian D. , Waugh Sean M.
Published: November 2018

A mobile Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching (SMART) radar was deployed in Hurricane Harvey and coordinated with the Corpus Christi, TX, WSR‐88D radar to retrieve airflow during landfall. Aerodynamic surface roughness estimates and a logarithmic wind profile assumption were used to project the 500‐m radar‐derived maximum wind field to near the surface. The logarithmic wind assumption was justified using radiosonde soundings taken within the storm, while the radar wind estimates were validated against an array of StickNets. For the data examined here, the radar projections had root‐mean‐squared error of 3.9 m/s and a high bias of 2.3 m/s. Mesovorticies in Harvey's eyewall produced the strongest radar‐observed winds. Given the wind analysis, Harvey was, at most, a Category 3 hurricane (50–58 m/s sustained winds) at landfall. This study demonstrates the utility of integrated remote and in situ observations in deriving spatiotemporal maps of wind maxima during hurricane landfalls.