bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Potential Distribution of Shoot Blight of Larch in China Based on the Optimized MaxEnt and Biomod2 Ensemble Models
Authors: Zhang Xiuyun , Wu Wenhui , Liang Yingmei
Published: July 2024

Shoot blight of larch caused by Neofusicoccum laricinum (Sawada) Y. Hattori & C. Nakash poses a significant threat to the growth and development of larch plantations and is among the most devastating diseases of forest trees. Its consecutive occurrence can cause serious damage and even death of the host plant. Analyzing the geographical distribution patterns of shoot blight of larch in China based on the optimized maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and Biomod2 ensemble (EM) models and recognizing the environmental factors limiting the spread of this disease could provide a reasonable basis for its control. The potential geographical distribution areas of shoot blight of larch were predicted using occurrence data and environmental variables. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was employed to compare the predictive performance of the optimized MaxEnt and Biomod2 ensemble models. Our results showed that both models had a prominent performance in predicting the potential distribution of shoot blight of larch, with the latter performing slightly better based on the AUC than the former. The potentially suitable areas for shoot blight of larch, as predicted by both the MaxEnt and Biomod2 ensemble models, were similarly distributed, mainly in Northern China, including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and Northeastern Inner Mongolia. The environmental variables significantly limiting the distribution of shoot blight of larch identified using the jackknife method and Pearson’s correlation analysis included the annual mean temperature, annual precipitation, precipitation of the wettest quarter, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, and elevation. This research offers a theoretical basis for rationally delineating potential sites invaded by shoot blight of larch, strengthening the detection and quarantine in critical areas, formulating timely effective control measures, and establishing conservation measures for larch resources.
Projecting the Impacts of Climate Change, Soil, and Landscape on the Geographic Distribution of Ma Bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) in China
Authors: Chen Li-Jia , Xie Yan-Qiu , He Tian-You , Chen Ling-Yan , Rong Jun-Dong , Chen Li-Guang , Zheng Yu-Shan
Published: July 2024

Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) is a fast-growing woody grass that offers significant economic benefits, including materials for construction, furniture, biofuel, food, and handicrafts. It also provides ecological benefits like soil conservation, wildlife habitats, and carbon sequestration. However, its species distribution patterns are influenced by various factors, including climate (mainly temperature and precipitation), soil attributes, and landscape characteristics such as topography, land use, and vegetation. Understanding these impacts is essential for the sustainable management of D. latiflorus resources and fostering related economic activities. To address these challenges, we developed a comprehensive habitat suitability (CHS) model that integrates climate, soil, and landscape variables to simulate the distribution dynamics of D. latiflorus under different shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) scenarios. An ensemble model (EM) strategy was applied to each variable set to ensure robust predictions. The results show that the current potential distribution of D. latiflorus spans 28.95 × 104 km2, primarily located in South China and the Sichuan Basin. Its distribution is most influenced by the annual mean temperature (Bio1), the cation exchange capacity of soil clay particles in the 20–40 cm soil layer (CECc 20–40 cm), vegetation, and elevation. Under future climate scenarios, these habitats are projected to initially expand slightly and then contract, with a northward shift in latitude and migration to higher elevations. Additionally, the Sichuan Basin (Sichuan–Chongqing border) is identified as a climatically stable area suitable for germplasm development and conservation. To conclude, our findings shed light on how climate change impacts the geographic distribution of D. latiflorus, providing key theoretical foundations for its sustainable cultivation and conservation strategies.
Methods for Parameter Estimation in Wine Fermentation Models
Authors: Coleman Robert , Nelson James , Boulton Roger
Published: July 2024

The estimation of parameters in a wine fermentation model provides the opportunity to predict the rate and concentration outcomes, to strategically intervene to change the conditions, and to forecast the rates of heat and carbon dioxide release. The chosen parameters of the fermentation model are the initial assimilable nitrogen concentration and yeast properties (lag time, viability constant, and specific maintenance rate). This work evaluates six methods for parameter estimation: Bard, Bayesian Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization, Differential Evolution, Genetic Evolution, and a modified Direct Grid Search technique. The benefits and drawbacks of the parameter computational methods are discussed, as well as a comparison of numerical integration methods (Euler, Runge–Kutta, backward differential formula (BDF), and Adams/BDF). A test set of density-time data for five white and five red commercial wine fermentations across vintage, grape cultivar, fermentation temperature, inoculated yeast strain, and fermentor size was used to evaluate the parameter estimation methods. A Canonical Variate Analysis shows that the estimation methods are not significantly different from each other while, in the parameter space, each of the fermentations were significantly different from each other.
The Impact of Varying Levels of Laurus nobilis Leaves as a Sustainable Feed Additive on Ruminal Fermentation: In Vitro Gas Production, Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Ruminal Degradability of a Conventional Diet for Ruminants
Authors: Kholif Ahmed E.
Published: July 2024

The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of varying levels of Laurus nobilis leaves [0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%] on the in vitro ruminal fermentation of a ruminant diet consisting of a 50% concentrate mixture, 40% berseem hay (Trifolium alexandrinum), and 10% rice straw (Oryza sativa). The in vitro incubation lasted 48 h, during which gas production (GP), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), total and individual short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and nutrient degradability were measured. The experiment utilized a randomized block design and consisted of two incubation runs. Gas chromatography analysis revealed that 1,8-cineole (81%) was the primary volatile compound in the L. nobilis leaves. The 0.5% inclusion level exhibited the highest (linear, p = 0.006) asymptotic GP and lowest lag of GP (linear, p = 0.002), while the 2% inclusion level had the highest lag of GP. The 2% inclusion level significantly lowered CH4 (linear, p = 0.003) compared to the control, and all levels of the leaves linearly decreased in the proportional CH4 production (p = 0.001), with the lowest value at the 0.5% inclusion level. The highest asymptotic CO2 production was observed with the 0.5% inclusion level (linear, p = 0.002), while the 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% inclusion levels significantly increased (quadratic, p = 0.006) the proportion of CO2 compared to the control. The 0.5% inclusion level showed the highest (p < 0.001) degradable DM and fiber fractions compared to the control, whereas the 2% level decreased them. The 0.5% inclusion level resulted in the highest (p < 0.01) production of total SCFA, acetate, and propionate. Additionally, the 0.5% inclusion level demonstrated the highest (p < 0.05) metabolizable energy and microbial crude protein, while the 2% level reduced these measures compared to the control. It is concluded that L. nobilis leaves can be included at 0.5% of the ruminant diet (e.g., sheep) to improve ruminal fermentation and reduce CH4 production.
Combination of Standard Addition and Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry for the Accurate Determination of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Infant Formula
Authors: Pedan Vasilisa , Koehling Rudolf , Drexel Lukas , Breitruck Kathrin , Rueck Alexander , Rohn Sascha , Rienitz Olaf , Pramann Axel , Seidel Tim , Allenspach Eric , Obkircher Markus
Published: July 2024

In the melamine scandals of the early 2000s, different companies of the dairy industry cheated their products by applying chemical substances to feign a higher content of nitrogen. However, this had a severe toxic impact on the kidney health of consumers. As a result, tremendous effort was put into the prevention of further harm to the public. In the present study, a fast–screening method for the determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in infant formula was developed. While a 1D–LC approach is faster and easier to set up, a 2D–LC approach allows for a more accurate result with better selectivity and sensitivity. For both instrumental approaches, the signal ratio of the isotopologues was crucial and had a dominant effect on the results and the measurement uncertainty. For this reason, the different contributions to the measurement uncertainty were determined experimentally using Matched Standard Addition–IDMS and compared to the Exact Matching Double IDMS.
Analysis of the Pomelo Peel Essential Oils at Different Storage Durations Using a Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopic on Intact Fruit
Authors: Sirisomboon Panmanas , Duangchang Jittra , Phanomsophon Thitima , Lapcharoensuk Ravipat , Shrestha Bim Prasad , Kasemsamran Sumaporn , Thanapase Warunee , Pornchaloempong Pimpen , Tsuchikawa Satoru
Published: July 2024

Pomelo fruit pulp mainly is consumed fresh and with very little processing, and its peels are discarded as biological waste, which can cause the environmental problems. The peels contain several bioactive chemical compounds, especially essential oils (EOs). The content of a specific EO is important for the extraction process in industry and in research units such as breeding research. The explanation of the biosynthesis pathway for EO generation and change was included. The chemical bond vibration affected the prediction of EO constituents was comprehensively explained by regression coefficient plots and x-loading plots. Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VIS/NIRS) is a prominent rapid technique used for fruit quality assessment. This research work was focused on evaluating the use of VIS/NIRS to predict the composition of EOs found in the peel of the pomelo fruit (Citrus maxima (J. Burm.) Merr. cv Kao Nam Pueng) following storage. The composition of the peel oil was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) at storage durations of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days (at 10 °C and 70% relative humidity). The relationship between the NIR spectral data and the major EO components found in the peel, including nootkatone, geranial, β-phellandrene and limonene, were established using the raw spectral data in conjunction with partial least squares (PLS) regression. Preprocessing of the raw spectra was performed using multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) or second derivative preprocessing. The PLS model of nootkatone with full MSC had the highest correlation coefficient between the predicted and reference values (r = 0.82), with a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.11% and bias of 0.01%, while the models of geranial, β-phellandrene and limonene provided too low r values of 0.75, 0.75 and 0.67, respectively. The nootkatone model is only appropriate for use in screening and some other approximate calibrations, though this is the first report of the use of NIR spectroscopy on intact fruit measurement for its peel EO constituents during cold storage.
Decoding Seafood: Multi-Marker Metabarcoding for Authenticating Processed Seafood
Authors: Mottola Anna , Piredda Roberta , Lorusso Lucilia , Ranieri Lucia , Intermite Chiara , Barresi Concettina , Galli Carmela , Di Pinto Angela
Published: July 2024

Given the recognized nutritional value of fish and shifting consumer lifestyles, processed seafood has become increasingly prevalent, comprising a significant portion of global food production. Although current European Union labeling regulations do not require species declaration for these products, food business operators often voluntarily provide this information on ingredient lists. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approaches are currently the most effective methods for verifying the accuracy of species declarations on processed seafood labels. This study examined the species composition of 20 processed seafood products, each labeled as containing a single species, using two DNA metabarcoding markers targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA genes. The combined use of these markers revealed that the majority of the products contained multiple species. Furthermore, two products were found to be mislabeled, as the declared species were not detected. These findings underscore that NGS is a robust technique that could be adopted to support routine food industry activities and official control programs, thereby enhancing the ‘From Boat to Plate’ strategy and combating fraudulent practices in the complex fisheries supply chain.
Extraction, Identification, and Quantification of Polyphenols from the Theobroma cacao L. Fruit: Yield vs. Environmental Friendliness
Authors: Silva Juan Manuel , Peyronel Fernanda , Huang Yinan , Boschetti Carlos Eugenio , Corradini Maria G.
Published: July 2024

The cacao fruit is a rich source of polyphenols, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, which possess significant health benefits. The accurate identification and quantification of these bioactive compounds extracted from different parts of the cacao fruit, such as pods, beans, nibs, and cacao shells, require specific treatment conditions and analytical techniques. This review presents a comprehensive comparison of extraction processes and analytical techniques used to identify and quantify polyphenols from various parts of the cacao fruit. Additionally, it highlights the environmental impact of these methods, exploring the challenges and opportunities in selecting and utilizing extraction, analytical, and impact assessment techniques, while considering polyphenols’ yield. The review aims to provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge that can guide future decisions for those seeking to obtain polyphenols from different parts of the cacao fruit.
Improvement of Antioxidant Activity and Sensory Properties of Functional Cookies by Fortification with Ultrasound-Assisted Hot-Air-Drying Blackberry Powders
Authors: Roppolo Pasquale , Buzzanca Carla , D’Amico Angela , Culmone Alessandra , Tinebra Ilenia , Passafiume Roberta , Bonacci Sonia , Farina Vittorio , Di Stefano Vita
Published: July 2024

In response to the global challenge of food wastage and high perishability of blackberries, this study evaluated the use of ultrasound-assisted hot air drying (US-HAD) to convert downgraded blackberries into powders, comparing it with traditional hot air drying (HAD). US-HAD reduced the drying time and achieved a final moisture content of 12%. Physicochemical analyses (colourimetry, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total phenolic content) were conducted on fresh fruit, powders, and fortified cookies. US-HAD cookies exhibited promising antioxidant activity, with ABTS values ranging from 8.049 to 8.536 mmol TEAC/100 g and DPPH values from 8.792 to 9.232 mmol TEAC/100 g, significantly higher than control cookies. The TPC was 13.033 mgGAE/g in HAD cookies and 13.882 mgGAE/g in US-HAD cookies. UHPLC-ESI-MS analysis showed an increase in phenolic compounds content in fortified cookies compared to the control. Sensory analysis highlighted a superior blackberry flavour and overall acceptability in US-HAD cookies, with statistical analysis confirming their superior nutritional and sensory qualities. Integrating US-HAD blackberry powder into cookies helps reduce food waste and enhances the nutritional profiles of baked goods, offering functional foods with health benefits. This work provides a scientific basis for developing enriched functional cookies, offering a healthy and sustainable alternative for utilising damaged fruits.
In Vitro Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Bevacizumab Dissolved in Silicone Oils Compared to Hydrogel-Substitutes and Porcine Vitreous Bodies
Authors: Hammer Maximilian , Herth Jonathan , Herbster Lorenz , Böhmann Manuel Ben , Muuss Marcel , Khoramnia Ramin , Scheuerle Alexander , Mier Walter , Wohlfart Sabrina , Auffarth Gerd Uwe , Uhl Philipp
Published: July 2024

Anti-VEGF agents, e.g., bevacizumab, are used in retinal surgery, while their interaction with silicone oils and novel hydrogels remains unclear. This study examines the in vitro pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab in silicone oil-filled eyes compared to various hydrogel replacements and the porcine vitreous body as well as its impact on the interface tension of silicone oils. An in vitro model filled with light or heavy silicone oil, porcine vitreous bodies, or hydrogels (alginate and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based) was equilibrated with a balanced salt solution. Monitoring of bevacizumab in the aqueous phase was conducted for up to 24 h, and its effect on interfacial tension was studied. Significant differences in bevacizumab partitioning were observed across endotamponades after 24 h. In silicone oils, bevacizumab was found exclusively in the aqueous phase, while in the other endotamponades, it accumulated in the gel phase (96.1% in porcine vitreous body, 83.5% in alginate, and 27.6% in PEG-based hydrogel). Bevacizumab significantly reduced interfacial tension (40 to 8 mN/m), possibly enhancing silicone oil emulsification. The type of endotamponade heavily influenced the bevacizumab concentration in the aqueous. The vitreous body and replacement hydrogels likely serve as a drug reservoir, highlighting the need for in vivo studies to explore these interactions prior to clinical application.
Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Home-Based Breathing Exercises on Respiratory Function and Fatigue in COVID-19-Cured Young Patients
Authors: Jeong Cheol-Hyeon , Nam Min-Woo , Lee Dong-Yeop , Hong Ji-Heon , Yu Jae-Ho , Kim Jin-Seop , Kim Seong-Gil , Nam Yeon-Gyo
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the effects of home-based Kakao Healthcare breathing exercises and stretching on respiratory function and fatigue in COVID-19-cured patients. A total of 35 participants performed four movements of home-based breathing exercises and five respiratory muscle stretching exercises four times a week for four weeks. Respiratory function was measured using forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow(PEF). Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data analysis was performed using independent-sample and paired-sample t-tests in SPSS 24, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. After four weeks of home-based Kakao Healthcare breathing exercises, there were significant increases in respiratory FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF function values observed in the training group (T.G.) after the exercise intervention (p < 0.05). Such an increase was observed when comparing these values with their corresponding pre-exercise measurements. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences in respiratory function outcomes before and after exercise in the control group (C.G.) (p > 0.05). The FSS scores were statistically significant within the training group (T.G.) (p > 0.05). The 4-week Kakao Healthcare breathing exercise scheme was found to be capable of improving some respiratory functions in COVID-19-recovered patients, but it showed no significant improvement in fatigue levels.
Effectiveness of Internet-Based or Mobile App Interventions for Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia: A Systematic Review
Authors: de-Moraes-Ribeiro Fabiane Elizabetha , Moreno-Cámara Sara , da-Silva-Domingues Henrique , Palomino-Moral Pedro Ángel , del-Pino-Casado Rafael
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Global aging presents socioeconomic and health challenges. Dementia, a growing concern, affects millions of older adults, intensifying the burden on family caregivers. E-health interventions offer hope through technological solutions, although current research is limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of internet-based or mobile app interventions for family caregivers of older adults with dementia. Methodology: A systematic review with a narrative synthesis was conducted using databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, and PsycInfo) and the bibliographies of retrieved articles, with no restrictions on time or language. Results: The search yielded 2092 results, of which 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 2761 family caregivers. Twenty-one different outcomes were evaluated and classified into three main types of interventions: psychoeducational, psychotherapeutic, and multicomponent. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of internet-based and mobile app interventions in supporting family caregivers of older adults with dementia. These interventions positively affect many aspects of caregiver well-being, suggesting their utility in addressing this group’s emotional, social, and self-care needs.
Perceptions of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence among Internal Medicine Physicians as a Step in Social Responsibility Implementation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dumitrașcu Luminița-Mihaela , Lespezeanu Delia-Andreea , Zugravu Corina-Aurelia , Constantin Ciprian
Published: July 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as an essential tool in healthcare for optimizing healthcare delivery and improving patient outcomes. This study is motivated by using AI in healthcare as a step for social responsibility implementation. The research aimed to investigate the attitudes of healthcare professionals on this issue, and it assessed physicians’ opinions regarding their perceptions of AI and their intention to use and implement AI tools in their activity. An electronic survey was proposed during February–June 2024 to a sample of healthcare professionals (309 were admitted into the study, 62 males and 247 females, with a mean age of 42). The results of the survey highlighted both groups’ excellent perceptions of AI and the low perceived knowledge of AI, which arises from more technical questions. The use of AI in healthcare represents a step for social responsibility implementation; it is an unstoppable process, and stakeholders should take into consideration investing more in monitoring and training activities.
The Effectiveness of Exercise Programs in Adolescents with Thoracic Kyphosis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Yang Seoyon , Yi You Gyoung , Chang Min Cheol
Published: July 2024

Thoracic kyphosis is a common postural problem affecting over 20% of adolescents. This condition can contribute to various spinal problems, leading to a decreased ability to perform daily activities, reduced quality of life, and impaired pulmonary function. This review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of exercise programs in adolescents with thoracic kyphosis. We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases for articles relevant to adolescents with thoracic kyphosis that had been published up to 14 May 2024. Our inclusion criteria focused on studies investigating the effects of exercise on improving thoracic kyphosis. A total of 1883 articles was identified using the search terms. After the titles and abstracts had been screened, 1868 articles were found not to meet our inclusion criteria and were excluded. The remaining 15 articles were then assessed for eligibility. Finally, only seven studies were included in this systematic review. Exercises targeting the entire spinal curvature demonstrated efficacy in enhancing the strength and function of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic muscles, resulting in a corrective effect on thoracic kyphosis in adolescents. Consequently, exercise programs have emerged as potentially beneficial treatment approaches to improve poor posture and reduce adolescent thoracic kyphosis.
Multitrophic and Multilevel Interactions Mediated by Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Niu Dongsheng , Xu Linbo , Lin Kejian
Published: July 2024

Plants communicate with insects and other organisms through the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Using Boolean operators, we retrieved 1093 articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, selecting 406 for detailed analysis, with approximately 50% focusing on herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). This review examines the roles of VOCs in direct and indirect plant defense mechanisms and their influence on complex communication networks within ecosystems. Our research reveals significant functions of VOCs in four principal areas: activating insect antennae, attracting adult insects, attracting female insects, and attracting natural enemies. Terpenoids like α-pinene and β-myrcene significantly alter pest behavior by attracting natural enemies. β-ocimene and β-caryophyllene are crucial in regulating aboveground and belowground interactions. We emphasize the potential applications of VOCs in agriculture for developing novel pest control strategies and enhancing crop resilience. Additionally, we identify research gaps and propose new directions, stressing the importance of comparative studies across ecosystems and long-term observational research to better understand VOCs dynamics. In conclusion, we provide insights into the multifunctionality of VOCs in natural ecosystems, their potential for future research and applications, and their role in advancing sustainable agricultural and ecological practices, contributing to a deeper understanding of their mechanisms and ecological functions.
Tension–Compression Fatigue of a Hybrid Polymer-Matrix/Ceramic-Matrix Composite at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Ruggles-Wrenn Marina , Schmidt Joshua
Published: July 2024

Fully reversed tension–compression fatigue of a hybrid material comprising polymer matrix composite (PMC) co-cured with a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) was investigated. The PMC portion had a polyimide matrix reinforced with 15 plies of carbon fibers woven in an eight-harness satin weave (8HSW). The CMC portion had three plies of a quartz-fiber 8HSW fabric in a zirconia-based ceramic matrix. The hybrid PMC/CMC was developed for use in aerospace thermal protection systems (TPS). Hence, the experimental setup aimed to simulate the TPS service environment—the CMC side was kept at 329 °C, whereas the PMC side was open to laboratory air. Compression stress–strain response was studied, and compressive properties were measured at room and elevated temperature. Tension–compression fatigue tests were conducted at elevated temperature at 1.0 Hz. The evolution of tensile and compressive strains with fatigue cycles, as well as changes in the stress–strain hysteresis behavior and stiffness were examined. The tension–compression fatigue of a PMC with the same constituents and fiber architecture as the PMC portion of the PMC/CMC was studied for comparison. Tension–compression fatigue was found to be more damaging than tension–tension fatigue for both materials. The PMC outperformed the PMC/CMC in tension–compression fatigue. Post-test examination showed widespread delamination and striking non-uniform deformation modes of the PMC/CMC.
Osteoclast-Driven Polydopamine-to-Dopamine Release: An Upgrade Patch for Polydopamine-Functionalized Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
Authors: Wang Lufei , Hu Huamin , Ko Ching-Chang
Published: July 2024

Polydopamine, a mussel-inspired self-adherent polymer of dopamine, has impressive adhesive properties and thus is one of the most versatile approaches to functionalize tissue engineering scaffolds. To date, many types of polydopamine-functionalized scaffolds have been manufactured and extensively applied in bone tissue engineering at the preclinical stage. However, how polydopamine is biodegraded and metabolized during the bone healing process and the side effects of its metabolite remain largely unknown. These issues are often neglected in the modern manufacture of polydopamine-functionalized materials and restrict them from stepping forward to clinical applications. In this study, using our bioinspired polydopamine-laced hydroxyapatite collagen calcium silicate material as a representative of polydopamine-functionalized tissue engineering scaffolds, we discovered that polydopamine can be metabolized to dopamine specifically by osteoclasts, which we termed “osteoclast-driven polydopamine-to-dopamine release”. The released dopamine showed an osteoinductive effect in vitro and promoted bone regeneration in calvarial critical-sized defects. The concept of “osteoclast-driven polydopamine-to-dopamine release” has considerable application potential. It could be easily adopted by other existing polydopamine-functionalized scaffolds: just by recruiting osteoclasts. Once adopted, scaffolds will obtain a dopamine-releasing function, which enables their modulation of osteoblast activity and hence elevates the osteoinductive effect. Thus, “osteoclast-driven polydopamine-to-dopamine release” serves as an upgrade patch, which is useful for many existing polydopamine-functionalized materials.
Associations between Dietary Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in American Career Firefighters: An Observational Study
Authors: Simonson Anna Peluso , Zera Jacquelyn N. , Banerjee Paromita , Baker Brianne M.
Published: July 2024

Firefighters have demanding jobs, requiring high levels of fitness in stressful situations for operational readiness, yet many firefighters are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diet is an important factor contributing to the development of CVD. The purpose of this study was to describe the dietary intake of firefighters and examine the associations between dietary intake and the CVD risk. Forty-six male career firefighters (age = 41.2 ± 11.2 years; BMI = 29.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2; body fat = 21.7 ± 6.1%) enrolled in a fitness-focused wellness program completed a health survey and a fitness assessment. The survey responses and fitness assessment were used to calculate the Framingham CVD Risk Score. Data were analyzed using R, the residual assumptions were verified, and the alpha level was set at 0.05. The results revealed that firefighters consume a standard American diet, with the overconsumption of meat and underconsumption of fruits and vegetables. The average CVD risk approached the upper limit of low risk. The results also indicate that meat servings and preparation fat affect the CVD risk (R2 = 0.21, p = 0.006). The outcomes of this study can inform investigations aimed at improving operational readiness and reducing the CVD risk in firefighters by implementing a holistic approach combining dietary interventions with physical training.
Fiduciary-Free Frame Alignment for Robust Time-Lapse Drift Correction Estimation in Multi-Sample Cell Microscopy
Authors: Baar Stefan , Kuragano Masahiro , Nishishita Naoki , Tokuraku Kiyotaka , Watanabe Shinya
Published: July 2024

When analyzing microscopic time-lapse observations, frame alignment is an essential task to visually understand the morphological and translation dynamics of cells and tissue. While in traditional single-sample microscopy, the region of interest (RoI) is fixed, multi-sample microscopy often uses a single microscope that scans multiple samples over a long period of time by laterally relocating the sample stage. Hence, the relocation of the optics induces a statistical RoI offset and can introduce jitter as well as drift, which results in a misaligned RoI for each sample’s time-lapse observation (stage drift). We introduce a robust approach to automatically align all frames within a time-lapse observation and compensate for frame drift. In this study, we present a sub-pixel precise alignment approach based on recurrent all-pairs field transforms (RAFT); a deep network architecture for optical flow. We show that the RAFT model pre-trained on the Sintel dataset performed with near perfect precision for registration tasks on a set of ten contextually unrelated time-lapse observations containing 250 frames each. Our approach is robust for elastically undistorted and translation displaced (x,y) microscopic time-lapse observations and was tested on multiple samples with varying cell density, obtained using different devices. The approach only performed well for registration and not for tracking of the individual image components like cells and contaminants. We provide an open-source command-line application that corrects for stage drift and jitter.
Fatigue Load Modeling of Floating Wind Turbines Based on Vine Copula Theory and Machine Learning
Authors: Yuan Xinyu , Huang Qian , Song Dongran , Xia E , Xiao Zhao , Yang Jian , Dong Mi , Wei Renyong , Evgeny Solomin , Joo Young-Hoon
Published: July 2024

Fatigue load modeling is crucial for optimizing and assessing the lifespan of floating wind turbines. This study addresses the complex characteristics of fatigue loads on floating wind turbines under the combined effects of wind and waves. We propose a fatigue load modeling approach based on Vine copula theory and machine learning. Firstly, we establish an optimal joint probability distribution model using Vine copula theory for the four-dimensional random variables (wind speed, wave height, wave period, and wind direction), with model fit assessed using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Secondly, representative wind and wave load conditions are determined using Monte Carlo sampling based on the established joint probability distribution model. Thirdly, fatigue load simulations are performed using the high-fidelity simulator OpenFAST to compute Damage Equivalent Load (DEL) values for critical components (blade root and tower base). Finally, utilizing measured wind and wave data from the Lianyungang Ocean Observatory in the East China Sea, simulation tests are conducted. We apply five commonly used machine learning models (Kriging, MLP, SVR, BNN, and RF) to develop DEL models for blade root and tower base. The results indicate that the RF model exhibits the smallest prediction error, not exceeding 3.9%, and demonstrates high accuracy, particularly in predicting flapwise fatigue loads at the blade root, achieving prediction accuracies of up to 99.97%. These findings underscore the effectiveness of our approach in accurately predicting fatigue loads under real-world conditions, which is essential for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of floating wind turbines.
Multi-Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Full-Coverage Path-Planning Algorithm Based on Intuitive Fuzzy Decision-Making
Authors: Zhang Xiaomeng , Hao Xuewei , Zhang Lichuan , Liu Lu , Zhang Shuo , Ren Ranzhen
Published: July 2024

Aiming at the difficulty of realizing full-coverage path planning in a multi-AUV collaborative search, a multi-AUV full-coverage path-planning algorithm based on intuitionistic fuzzy decision-making is proposed. First, the state space model of the search environment was constructed using the raster method to provide accurate environment change data for the AUV. Second, the full-coverage path-planning algorithm for the multi-AUV collaborative search was constructed using intuition-based fuzzy decision-making, and more uncertain underwater information was modeled using the intuition-based fuzzy decision algorithm. A priority strategy was used to avoid obstacles in the search area. Finally, the simulation experiment verified the proposed algorithm. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively realize full-coverage path planning of the search area, and the priority strategy can effectively reduce the generation of repeated paths.
Inhibitory Effects and Mechanisms of Perilla Essential Oil and Perillaldehyde against Chestnut Pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea
Authors: Zeng Qi , Wang Lu , Long Sha , Dong Wanrong , Li Yaoyao , Chen Yuxin , Zhou Gao
Published: July 2024

Botryosphaeria dothidea, a notorious plant pathogen, is responsible for causing chestnut rot during postharvest storage. This research aimed to assess the antifungal properties of perilla essential oil (PEO) and perillaldehyde (PAE) against B. dothidea. PEO’s and PAE’s inhibitory effects on B. dothidea were investigated using an agar dilution method, a fumigation method, and an in vivo assay in chestnuts and shell buckets. Based on the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, it was confirmed that the main component of PEO was elemicin. The antifungal mechanism of PEO and PAE against B. dothidea was investigated by conducting staining experiments of the fungal cell wall and cell membrane. PEO and PAE strongly inhibit the mycelial growth of B. dothidea in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory mechanism is mainly related to the destruction of the integrity of the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane. Notably, PEO retains its antifungal efficacy against B. dothidea in chestnuts, effectively prolonging their storage life. These findings indicate that PEO and PAE are nontoxic, eco-friendly botanical fungicides, holding promise for controlling postharvest chestnut rot.
Novel Insights into Sporotrichosis and Diabetes
Authors: Oliveira Mariana de Araujo , de Almeida Sandro Rogério , Martins Joilson O.
Published: July 2024

Sporotrichosis is a type of zoonotic subcutaneous mycosis caused by different species of dimorphic fungus of the genus Sporothrix, and it is the most common form of subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America. Sporotrichosis is generally restricted to cutaneous and lymphatic tissue (i.e., localized forms), and involvement in the viscera (i.e., disseminated or disseminated cutaneous form) is uncommon, especially in the central nervous system. However, immunosuppression in individuals with diabetes mellitus can lead to the disseminated form of the disease due to a failure to eliminate the pathogen and poor infection treatment outcomes. Possible correlations between patients with diabetes and their greater susceptibility to disseminated cases of sporotrichosis include a decreased cytokine response after stimulation, increased oxidative stress, decreased chemotaxis, phagocytic activity, adhesion and rolling of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, and increased macrophage/monocyte and polymorphonuclear cell apoptosis. Therefore, this review highlights novel insights into diabetes and sporotrichosis by investigating how chronic inflammation affects and aggravates the infection, the possible causes of the greater susceptibility of Sporothrix sp. to hematogenous dissemination in immunocompromised patients, and the main alterations that this dissemination can cause.
The Association of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Chronic Pulmonary Histoplasmosis with MDR-TB Patients in Indonesia
Authors: Soeroso Noni N. , Siahaan Lambok , Khairunnisa Selfi , Anggriani Raden Ajeng Henny , Aida Aida , Eyanoer Putri C. , Daulay Elvita R. , Burhan Erlina , Rozaliyani Anna , Ronny Ronny , Adawiyah Robiatul , Denning David W. , Wahyuningsih Retno
Published: July 2024

In Indonesia, 2.4% of all new tuberculosis patients had multi-drug resistant disease (MDR-TB); an estimated 24,000 incidences. Historical case series of MDR-TB described a high frequency of cavitation and poor prognosis. The diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) relies on raised levels of Aspergillus IgG antibodies, and detectable Histoplasma IgG antibodies are suspicious for chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis (CPH). We investigated whether MDR-TB patients might have concurrent CPH or CPA. This was a cross-sectional study with 50 MDR-TB patients. ELISA was used to detect Histoplasma IgG antibodies and lateral flow assay was used to detect Aspergillus IgG/IgM antibodies. Several other possible disease determinants were assessed by multivariate analysis. Of the 50 MDR-TB patients, 14 (28%) and 16 (32%) had positive Histoplasma or Aspergillus serology; six patients (12%) had dual antibody reactivity. Radiological abnormalities in positive patients included diffuse or local infiltrates, nodules, consolidation, and apical cavities, consistent with CPH and CPA. Patients with detectable fungal antibodies tended to have worse disease, and 4 of 26 (15.3%) died in the first 5 months of dual infection (p = 0.11 compared with no deaths in those with only MDR-TB). The criteria for the diagnosis of CPH and CPA were fulfilled in those with moderately and far advanced disease (13 of 14 or 93%) and 12 of 16 (75%), respectively. Damp housing was the only determinant associated with Histoplasma antibodies (PR 2.01; 95%CI 0.56–7.19), while pets were associated with the Aspergillus antibody (PR 18.024; 95%CI 1.594–203.744). CPA or CPH are probably frequent in MDR-TB patients in Indonesia and may carry a worse prognosis.
Fabrication of Soft Biodegradable Foam with Improved Shrinkage Resistance and Thermal Stability
Authors: Tian Fangwei , Huang Hanyi , Li Yaozong , Zhai Wentao
Published: July 2024

The soft PBAT foam shows good flexibility, high elasticity, degradable nature, and it can be used as an environmental-friendly candidate for EVA and PU foams. Unfortunately, there are few reports on the application of PBAT as a soft foam. In this study, PBAT foam was fabricated by a pressure quenching method using CO2 as the blowing agent. A significant volume shrinkage of about 81% occurred, where the initial PBAT foam had an extremely high expansion ratio, of about 31 times. A 5–10 wt% PBS with high crystallinity was blended, and N2 with low gas solubility and diffusivity was mixed, with the aim of resisting foam shrinkage and preparing PBAT with a high final expansion ratio of 14.7 times. The possible mechanism behind this phenomenon was established, and the increased matrix modulus and decreased pressure difference within and outside the cell structure were the main reasons for the shrinkage resistance. The properties of PBAT and PBAT/PBS foams with a density of 0.1 g/cm3 were measured, based on the requirements for shoe applications. The 5–10 wt% PBS loading presented advantages in reducing thermal shrinkage at 75 °C/40 min, without compromising the hardness, elasticity, and the compression set, which ensures that PBAT/PBS foams have good prospects for use as soft foams.
Influence of Substrate Location and Temperature Variation on the Growth of ZnO Nanorods Synthesized by Hot Water Treatment
Authors: Sayem S. M. , Kumarapuram Hariharalakshmanan Ranjitha , Badradeen Emad , Bourdo Shawn E. , Karabacak Tansel
Published: July 2024

Hot water treatment (HWT) is a versatile technique for synthesizing metal oxide nanostructures (MONSTRs) by immersing metal substrates in hot water, typically in glass beakers. The proximity of substrates to the heat source during HWT can influence the temperature of the substrate and subsequently impact MONSTR growth. In our study, zinc (Zn) substrates underwent HWT at the base of a glass beaker in contact with a hot plate and at four different vertical distances from the base. While the set temperature of deionized (DI) water was 75.0 °C, the substrate locations exhibited variations, notably with the base reaching 95.0 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy showed stoichiometric and crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. ZnO rods on the base, exposed to higher temperatures, displayed greater growth in length and diameter, and higher crystallinity. Nanorods with increasing vertical distances from the base exhibited a logarithmic decrease in length despite identical temperatures, whereas their diameters remained constant. We attribute these findings to crucial HWT growth mechanisms like surface diffusion and “plugging”, influenced by temperature and water flow within the beaker. Our results provide insights for optimizing synthesis parameters to effectively control MONSTR growth through HWT.
The Influence of High-Energy Milling on the Phase Formation, Structural, and Photoluminescent Properties of CaWO4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Iordanova Reni , Gancheva Maria , Koseva Iovka , Tzvetkov Peter , Ivanov Petar
Published: July 2024

CaWO4 nanoparticles were obtained by facile mechanochemical synthesis at room temperature, applying two different milling speeds. Additionally, a solid-state reaction was employed to assess the phase composition, structural, and optical characteristics of CaWO4. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transition electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman, infrared (IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) reflectance, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The phase formation of CaWO4 was achieved after 1 and 5 h of applied milling speeds of 850 and 500 rpm, respectively. CaWO4 was also obtained after heat treatment at 900 °C for 12 h. TEM and X-ray analyses were used to calculate the average crystallite and grain size. The Raman and infrared spectroscopies revealed the main vibrations of the WO4 groups and indicated that more distorted structural units were formed when the compound was synthesized by the solid-state method. The calculated value of the optical band gap of CaWO4 significantly increased from 2.67 eV to 4.53 eV at lower and higher milling speeds, respectively. The determined optical band gap of CaWO4, prepared by a solid-state reaction, was 5.36 eV. Blue emission at 425 (422) nm was observed for all samples under an excitation wavelength of 230 nm. CaWO4 synthesized by the solid-state method had the highest emission intensity. It was established that the intensity of the PL peak depended on two factors: the morphology of the particles and the crystallite sizes. The calculated color coordinates of the CaWO4 samples were located in the blue region of the CIE diagram. This work demonstrates that materials with optical properties can be obtained simply and affordably using the mechanochemical method.
Elastic Property Evaluation of Fiberglass and Epoxy Resin Composite Material Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Yoras Dalferson , Makowska Sylwia , Kairytė Agnė , Šeputytė-Jucikė Jurga , Drehmmer Luis Roberto Centeno , Tonatto Maikson Luiz Passaia
Published: July 2024

This study focused on evaluating the sensitivity and limitations of the simplified equipment used in the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique, comparing them with the analog extensometer, based on the mechanical property data of a composite made of fiberglass and epoxy resin. The objectives included establishing a methodology based on the literature, fabricating samples through manual lamination, conducting mechanical tests according to the ASTM D3039 and D3518 standards, comparing DIC with the analog extensometer of the testing machine, and contrasting the experimental results with classical laminate theory. Three composite plates with specific stacking sequences ([0]3, [90]4, and [±45]3) were fabricated, and samples were extracted for testing to determine tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and other properties. DIC was used to capture deformation fields during testing. Comparisons between data obtained from the analog extensometer and DIC revealed differences of 11.1% for the longitudinal modulus of elasticity E1 and 5.6% for E2. Under low deformation conditions, DIC showed lower efficiency due to equipment limitations. Finally, a theoretical analysis based on classical laminate theory, conducted using a Python script, estimated the longitudinal modulus of elasticity Ex and the shear strength of the [±45]3 laminate, highlighting a relative difference of 31.2% between the theoretical value of 7136 MPa and the experimental value of 5208 MPa for Ex.