bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of antibiotic medicines availability on adherence to standard treatment guidelines among hospitalized adult patients in southern Malawi
Authors: Chiumia Francis Kachidza , Muula Adamson Sinjani , Chimimba Frider , Nyirongo Happy Magwaza , Kampira Elizabeth , Khuluza Felix
Published: October 2023

Background

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem. High and inappropriate use of antibiotic therapy exacerbate the risk of antibiotic resistance. We assessed the effect of availability of antibiotic medicines on adherence to standard treatment guidelines among hospitalized adult patients in Southern Malawi.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was done to assess the availability of 16 antibiotics among the first-line recommended treatments for common bacterial infections in Malawi. Data for up to six-month duration was extracted from stock card records in Machinga and Nsanje District Hospitals and Zomba Central Hospital. This was complemented by a retrospective review of 322 patient management files from medical wards to assess adherence to the Malawi Standard Treatment Guidelines (MSTG). Investigators abstracted data such as patient demographics, diagnoses, and prescribed therapy using a data collection form that resulted in analyzing 304 patient files. Data was entered into Microsoft excel and analyzed using STATA 14.1. Point availability, stock-out duration and adherence to treatment guidelines were presented in terms of frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was applied to assess the association between variables and adherence to treatment guidelines.

Results

Point availability of antibiotics was 81.5%, 87.7%, and 42.8% for Zomba Central, Machinga and Nsanje District Hospitals respectively. Over a period of six months, 12.5% of antibiotic medicines were stocked out for at least one day at Zomba (Median stock out days = 0, (IQR 0–0 days), while 64.3% were stocked out at Machinga (Median stock out days = 21, IQR 0–31 days) and 85.7% were stocked out at Nsanje District Hospital (Median stock out days = 66.5, IQR 18–113 days). Overall, adherence to MSTG was 79.6%, (95% CI, 73.3–84.9%). By facilities, adherence to guidelines at Zomba Central Hospital was 95.9% (95% CI, 89.7–98.9%) while at Nsanje and Machinga District Hospitals was 73.2% (95% CI, 59.7–84.2%) and 54.2% (95% CI, 39.2–68.6%) respectively. Adherence to treatment guidelines was associated with health facility, presence of laboratory test results, antibiotic spectrum, and WHO-AWaRe category of the medicine, p<0.005. Adherence was lower for antibiotics that were stocked out than antibiotics that were not stocked out during the study period (63.8%, 95% CI 48.5–77.3% vs 84.4%, 95% CI 77.7–89.8%), p< 0.002.

Conclusion

We found unstable availability of antibiotic medicines in hospitals which might contribute to the sub-optimal adherence to standard treatment guidelines. This is a setback to efforts aimed at curbing antibiotic resistance in Malawi.
A machine learning approach to identify important variables for distinguishing between fallers and non-fallers in older women
Authors: Gregg Emily , Beggs Clive , Bissas Athanassios , Nicholson Gareth
Published: October 2023

Falls are a significant ongoing public health concern for older adults. At present, few studies have concurrently explored the influence of multiple measures when seeking to determine which variables are most predictive of fall risks. As such, this cross-sectional study aimed to identify those functional variables (i.e. balance, gait and clinical measures) and physical characteristics (i.e. strength and body composition) that could best distinguish between older female fallers and non-fallers, using a machine learning approach. Overall, 60 community-dwelling older women (≥65 years), retrospectively classified as fallers (n = 21) or non-fallers (n = 39), attended three data collection sessions. Data (281 variables) collected from tests in five separate domains (balance, gait, clinical measures, strength and body composition) were analysed using random forest (RF) and leave-one-variable-out partial least squares correlation analysis (LOVO PLSCA) to assess variable importance. The strongest discriminators from each domain were then aggregated into a multi-domain dataset, and RF, LOVO PLSCA, and logistic regression models were constructed to identify the important variables in distinguishing between fallers and non-fallers. These models were used to classify participants as either fallers or non-fallers, with their performance evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The study found that it is possible to classify fallers and non-fallers with a high degree of accuracy (e.g. logistic regression: sensitivity = 90%; specificity = 87%; AUC = 0.92; leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy = 63%) using a combination of 18 variables from four domains, with the gait and strength domains being particularly informative for screening programmes aimed at assessing falls risk.
Political hyper-reality in social media: A case study of female candidates in the Regional Representatives Council (DPD) of South Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Taqwa Ridhah , Suleman Zulfikri , Arianti Yosi , Santoso Anang Dwi
Published: October 2023

This study focused on the Regional Representatives Council (DPD) election in South Sumatra, Indonesia, and examined the creation of hyper-reality in the social media campaigns of female legislative candidates (caleg). Furthermore, it specifically concentrated on the use of social media platforms. A mixed-methodology approach was used, which combined content analysis of social media posts with semi-structured interviews involving twelve informants. This study also aimed to determine how female DPD candidates project their image on social media and the effect on voters. The results showed that female DPD candidates presented themselves on social media in a manner consistent with sociocultural expectations of the role women are expected to play in politics. They portrayed themselves as individuals who can maintain a healthy balance between professional and personal lives, who are educated, devout and have connections with influential people and the general public. It was also shown that voters are still influenced by hyper-realistic depictions of political candidates shared on social media, even though they can differentiate between photographs shared on social media and actual reality. This demonstrated the significant impact of social media on shaping public opinion and the conduct of political actors. This result will contribute to the expanding academic literature on hyper-reality, politics and social media. It will also shed light on the creation of hyper-reality in the political campaigns of women seeking legislative office. This study emphasized the importance of social media as a strategic tool in contemporary politics and how hyper-reality constructions may influence voters’ perceptions and behaviour in the context of DPD elections in South Sumatra.
Synthesis and Characterization of Crystalline Graphene-Titania Nanocomposites as Efficient Photocatalysts for Pollution Control
Authors: K M Rajesh , Laxmi Priya S. , Rijith S. , JITHESH K. , Arun V. , Sugunan S.
Published: October 2023

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is reported to exhibit high degradation efficiency to degrade organic water pollutants without any decomposition thereby acting as an excellent photocatalyst. The catalytic performance of pure TiO2 (T1) can even be enhanced by incorporating graphene forming graphene-TiO2 (GT1) nanocomposite. We suggest, a modified sol-gel method for synthesizing T1 and GT1 nanocomposites and they were characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV-visible spectra, TEM and XPS techniques. The removal efficiency of organic dye, methylene blue, was investigated by the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of GT1 nanocomposite under daylight irradiation. Degradation studies revealed that more than 90% methylene blue dye removal was achieved with 3 mg GT1 with an initial concentration of 10-4 M under an irradiation time of 1 h.
Cellulose-Silk Fibroin Composite Particles for Hydrophilic Drug-Controlled Release System: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Srihanam P. , Baimark Y. , Thonpho A. , Tanisood S.
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the dissolution of cellulose (C) powder as a potential material for particle formation when combined with a silk fibroin (SF) solution. Each polymer solution as well as a mixture of cellulose and silk fibroin in different ratios were prepared into particles using the solvent emulsion-diffusion method. The particle morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by attenuated reflection Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) for the C-SF molecular interaction and thermal properties, respectively. The results showed that the cellulose particles appeared as separate fibers and loosely bound together, while silk fibroin particles were spherical in shape with dense texture and smooth surface. The C/SF mixed particles with different ratios could be formed into spherical particles and a ratio of 1:3 has the most spherical and solid. The ATR-FTIR results indicated the absorption spectra of the main functional groups both cellulose and silk fibroin. Blue dextran helped to enhance the temperature of the maximum decomposition rate (Td,max) of the particles via hydrogen bond interaction between the blue dextran and polymers. A burst release of blue dextran was observed in the first 12 h due to the swelling of particle surfaces and the slowest release found in the silk fibroin particles. The C/SF composite showed different blue dextran- eleased profiles and the particle with a high content of silk fibroin-released blue dextran in slowly rate. The results of this work can be used as a basis for applying C/SF composite particles in a hydrophilic drug release-controlled system.
Production of Sodium Hypochlorite Water Disinfectant from Seawater Desalination Brine
Authors: Rabah Fahid K.J. , Aldalou Mohammed. R.
Published: October 2023

he research explores the onsite generation (OSG) of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) from desalination brine in Gaza, Palestine. The process produces NaOCl as a valuable water disinfectant and contributes to marine environment protection and public health by reducing brine discharged to the sea. Batch experiments were used to examined the characteristics of producing NaOCl studying five factors viz. electrolysis time, current density, electrode type, electrode spacing and stability of the produced NaOCl. The highest NaOCl concentration was 2.17%, achieved with graphite electrodes 1.3 cm diameter, with 1cm electrodes spacing, 120 min electrolysis time, 180 mA/cm2 current density and 25 ± 2 ºC solution temperature. The NaOCl degradation rate was 1.8% and 10% daily when stored in dark places or exposed to direct sunlight, respectively. Thus, it is recommended to store NaOCl in dark places to minimize its degradation. The present study suggests the OSG of NaOCl as a promising alternative for brine management in Gaza and worldwide.
The possibilities of utilising the skiddometer T2GO for forensic engineering
Authors: Kohout Tomáš , Vrtal Pavel , Hoffmann Adam , Blodek Tomáš
Published: October 2023

The aim of the paper is to verify the applicability of the T2GO skiddometer for measuring the coefficient of friction for forensic practice in accordance with the legislative framework of the Czech Republic. In the introduction, the article discusses the problem of friction coefficient measurement. The results of the comparison with dynamic measuring devices used in the Czech Republic and the determination of the mutual compliance rate with these devices, based on data obtained within the National Comparative Measurement Action, are presented. The article concludes with an interpretation and discussion of the results. In cases where no sufficient mutual compliance was found, an analysis and reasoning of these results is provided. Last but not least, based on the results, a procedure is proposed for future use of the T2GO skiddometer in practice within the legislative conditions of the Czech Republic.
The First Occurrence of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus Infecting Cucumber in Padang, West Sumatra
Authors: Ridho Muhammad Arif , Martinius  , Fadli  , Liswarni Yenny , Najmi Lailatul , Trisno Jumsu
Published: October 2023

Tanaman mentimun varietas lokal Padang merupakan tanaman sayuran unggulan bagi petani perkotaan karena umur panen yang pendek. Hasil survei menemukan adanya gejala bercak kuning dan klorosis dengan tulang daun hijau. Gejala ini mirip dengan infeksi Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) yang menginfeksi mentimun di Jawa dan Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) yang menginfeksi mentimun pada umumnya. Deteksi virus dilakukan dengan teknik reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan primer spesifik PRSV dan primer universal Potyvirus, perunutan dan analisis DNA. RT-PCR menggunakan primer spesifik PRSV DNA target tidak menghasilkan pita DNA, namun pita DNA dengan ukuran ±320 pb berhasil teramplifikasi dengan primer universal Potyvirus. Analisis sikuen nukleotida menunjukkan bahwa similaritas virus tertinggi sebesar 93.8% dan 93.5%, berturut-turut dengan ZYMV isolat Singapura dan India. Infeksi ZYMV merupakan kejadian pertama pada tanaman mentimun di Padang, Sumatera Barat.
SWOT Analisis Pelayanan Klinik Nyeri Rumah Sakit St. Elisabeth Semarang
Authors: Haposan Saragih Jerry Ferdinand , Nugraheni Sri Achadi , Adi Mateus Sakundarno
Published: October 2023

Latar belakang: Klinik nyeri Rumah Sakit St. Elisabeth Semarang merupakan satu-satunya klinik nyeri kolaboratif multidisiplin yang ada di kota Semarang. Klinik nyeri ini berdiri pada tahun 2019 dimana pada saat awal berdiri sudah ada pasien yang berkunjung akan tetapi setelah adanya pandemi COVID-19 klinik nyeri mengalami penurunan kunjungan. Penerapan pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas di klinik nyeri Rumah Sakit St. Elisabeth Semarang perlu memperhatikan faktor internal maupun faktor ekstenal dari klinik nyeri. Selain itu hasil analisa strength, weakness, opputunity, thread (SWOT) dari internal factors summary (IFAS) dan external factors summary (EFAS) dapat membantu manajemen Rumah Sakit St. Elisabeth Semarang dalam mengelola implementasi strategi secara efektif. Namun analisa SWOT belum dilakukan oleh klinik nyeri Rumah Sakit St. Elisabeth Semarang.Tujuan: Menganalisis pelayanan klinik nyeri Rumah Sakit St. Elisabeth Semarang dengan menggunakan metode SWOT.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional partisipatif multiple time approach. Pengumpulan menggunakan data primer yang dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam secara langsung dari informan penelitian. Terdiri dari 7 informan utama dan 5 informan triangulasi. Analisis data dari wawancara mendalam dilakukan dengan menggunakan interactive model.Hasil: Kekuatan terbesar yang dimiliki klinik nyeri yakni mempunyai sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang sangat kompeten dan professional serta tarif klinik nyeri yang lebih murah daripada rumah sakit lainnya. Kelemahan terbesar dari klinik nyeri yakni strategi pemasaran yang belum maksimal dan metode pembayaran yang belum bisa menggunakan jaminan kesehatan nasional (JKN). Peluang terbesar yang dimiliki klinik nyeri adalah mempunyai peralatan dan sarana prasarana yang canggih. Ancaman terbesar bagi klinik nyeri adalah konflik antar dokter spesialis penanggung jawab pasien dan konflik antar unit layanan lain. Penggunaan matriks thread-oppurtunity, weakness-strength (TOWS) yang mendukung strategi SWOT.Kesimpulan: Analisis SWOT dan matriks TOWS dalam penelitian ini dapat membantu peneliti dalam menentukan startegi pelayanan yang baik bagi klinik nyeri Rumah Sakit St. Elisabeth Semarang.
Optimal Monetary Policy with Government-Provided Unemployment Benefits
Authors: Kiarsi Mehrab
Published: October 2023

This paper considers a standard New Keynesian model with matching frictions and explores the impact of modeling the opportunity cost of employment as government unemployment transfers. The findings reveal that under such circumstances, maintaining full price stability at all times ceases to be optimal. This outcome persists even when production subsidies are introduced to address inefficiencies caused by imperfect competition in product and factor markets, and when wages are fully flexible and the Hosios condition holds. For a realistic calibration of the opportunity cost, the Ramsey-optimal policy necessitates a positive inflation rate with high volatility. The degree of inflation volatility required increases with the magnitude of unemployment transfers. Consequently, committing to an inflation targeting regime proves to be highly costly in this context. Additionally, the study demonstrates that the optimal inflation variability decreases with workers’ bargaining power. This is because higher workers’ bargaining power leads to reduced labor market fluctuations, thereby lowering the need for large inflation adjustments.
Filling minimality and Lipschitz-volume rigidity of convex bodies among integral current spaces
Authors: Basso Giuliano , Creutz Paul , Soultanis Elefterios
Published: October 2023

In this paper we consider metric fillings of boundaries of convex bodies. We show that convex bodies are the unique minimal fillings of their boundary metrics among all integral current spaces. To this end, we also prove that convex bodies enjoy the Lipschitz-volume rigidity property within the category of integral current spaces, which is well known in the smooth category. As further applications of this result, we prove a variant of Lipschitz-volume rigidity for round spheres and answer a question of Perales concerning the intrinsic flat convergence of minimizing sequences for the Plateau problem.
Plackett–Luce modeling with trajectory models for measuring athlete strength
Authors: McKeough Katy , Glickman Mark
Published: October 2023

It is often the goal of sports analysts, coaches, and fans to predict athlete performance over time. Models such as Bradley–Terry and Plackett–Luce measure athlete skill based on results of competitions over time, but have limited predictive strength without making assumptions about the nature of the evolution of athletic skill. Growth curves are often applied in the context of sports to predict future ability, but these curves are too simple to account for complex career trajectories. We propose a non-linear, mixed-effects trajectory to model the ratings as a function of time and other athlete-specific covariates. The mixture of trajectories allows for flexibility in the estimated shape of career trajectories between athletes as well as between sports. We use the fitted trajectories to make predictions of an athlete’s career trajectory through a model of how athlete performance progresses over time in a multi-competitor scenario as an extension to the Plackett–Luce model. We show how this model is useful for predicting the outcome of women’s luge races, as well as show how we can use the model to compare athletes to one another by clustering career trajectories.
General Logic and the Method of Metaphysical Deductions
Authors: Dalla Rosa Davide
Published: October 2023

This article focuses on the interpretation of the metaphysical deductions of the higher cognitive faculties in Gabriele Gava’s Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and the Method of Metaphysics. The aim is to assess the role that Kant’s general logic plays in these metaphysical deductions, the consequences for the analysis of the faculties, and the place of general logic in Gava’s overall theoretical analysis of Kant’s first Critique.
Green novel photometric and planar chromatographic assays of remdesivir: Comparative greenness assessment study using estimated GAPI tool versus ISO technical reported methods
Authors: Kamal Miranda F. , Abdel Moneim Mona M. , Hamdy Mohamed M. A.
Published: October 2023

Green assessment of analytical procedures has become an environmental obligation in equivalence to their International Council of Harmonization analytical validation obligation. Worldwide awareness of our planet and ecological hazards have raised the shades of green and sustainable chemistry in pure or formulated API assays. The Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) is instant five pentagrams for evaluating the greenness of each step in the developed analytical procedure, in discriminative colors: green, yellow, and red. In the present study, GAPI is applied to assess three novel direct analytical methods: spectrophotometric, fluorimetric, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for remdesivir (RDV) quantitation, both in bulk and pharmaceutical vials. Furthermore, a comparative green level calculated GAPI study has been assembled for the proposed methods versus the previously reported methods, for RDV assay, of similar techniques. Spectrophotometric direct Amax method at 240 nm, fluorimetric emission at 404 nm upon excitation at 275 nm as well as the HPTLC densitometric measurement using ethanol and distilled water (7:3, v/v) as mobile phase, all three methodologies are developed, optimized, and fully validated for RDV quantitation. They have been applied to assay RDV pharmaceutical vials and results are compared together with a one-way ANOVA test. Satisfactory recoveries and nano-level sensitivities in addition to the least standard deviations encourage the use of developed methods for routine analysis in quality control laboratories. Their promising greenness profile satisfies the beliefs of ecological sustainability of Green Agenda 2030.
A virtual peer tutoring project to improve communication skills
Authors: Garriga Ivet , González Maria , Duran David
Published: October 2023

This article exposes an educational proposal of virtual reciprocal peer tutoring that has been devised to improve communication skills between primary school students from Catalonia and Scotland by each developing the role of tutor in their language, and that of tutee in the foreign language based on a virtual exchange. The results of this experience show that offering communication tools and strategies to students during initial training in their role as a tutor can be beneficial to satisfactorily fulfil their role, as well as anticipate future synchronous interaction in the foreign language. For later implementations, it is determined that the degree of participation and involvement of the student tutors in the preparation of the materials for their respective tutoring could increase the learning opportunities of both sides. This experience is easily applicable to different languages and countries.
Feature-Specific Salience Maps in Human Cortex
Authors: Thayer Daniel D. , Sprague Thomas C.
Published: October 2023

Priority map theory is a leading framework for understanding how various aspects of stimulus displays and task demands guide visual attention. Per this theory, the visual system computes a priority map, which is a representation of visual space indexing the relative importance, or priority, of locations in the environment. Priority is computed based on both salience, defined based on image-computable properties; and relevance, defined by an individual's current goals, and is used to direct attention to the highest-priority locations for further processing. Computational theories suggest that priority maps identify salient locations based on individual feature dimensions (e.g., color, motion), which are integrated into an aggregate priority map. While widely accepted, a core assumption of this framework, the existence of independent feature dimension maps in visual cortex, remains untested. Here, we tested the hypothesis that retinotopic regions selective for specific feature dimensions (color or motion) in human cortex act as neural feature dimension maps, indexing salient locations based on their preferred feature. We used fMRI activation patterns to reconstruct spatial maps while male and female human participants viewed stimuli with salient regions defined by relative color or motion direction. Activation in reconstructed spatial maps was localized to the salient stimulus position in the display. Moreover, the strength of the stimulus representation was strongest in the ROI selective for the salience-defining feature. Together, these results suggest that feature-selective extrastriate visual regions highlight salient locations based on local feature contrast within their preferred feature dimensions, supporting their role as neural feature dimension maps.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIdentifying salient information is important for navigating the world. For example, it is critical to detect a quickly approaching car when crossing the street. Leading models of computer vision and visual search rely on compartmentalized salience computations based on individual features; however, there has been no direct empirical demonstration identifying neural regions as responsible for performing these dissociable operations. Here, we provide evidence of a critical double dissociation that neural activation patterns from color-selective regions prioritize the location of color-defined salience while minimally representing motion-defined salience, whereas motion-selective regions show the complementary result. These findings reveal that specialized cortical regions act as neural “feature dimension maps” that are used to index salient locations based on specific features to guide attention.
“Burned by the Torch of the Incendiary”
Authors: White Cameron
Published: October 2023

During the early Gold Rush period, San Francisco’s seaport was hastily constructed on a site that was ill-fit for its purpose. Challenges included firstly the need for incoming vessels to be unloaded by hand onto smaller vessels in order to bring goods ashore and, secondly, a series of six great fires over eighteen months, from December 1849 to mid-1851. The fires, which repeatedly burned San Francisco’s seaport to the ground, staggered the confidence of the business community and gave rise to a “moody conviction” that the city was doomed. These developmental challenges provide the context within which seaport workers living in San Francisco from Sydney were constituted as a problem. These migrants were attacked on account of the important roles they assumed in the operation of the seaport and were accused of starting San Francisco’s fires to create opportunities for theft and plunder. A strategic series of attacks orchestrated by the Committee of Vigilance saw these migrants pushed out of the valuable waterfront real estate they had occupied. These attacks also formed part of a broader post-fire redevelopment project. This attempt to tease out the social history of San Francisco’s built environment contributes to a spatial turn in historical studies that emphasizes the need to regard space as well as time as a critical dimension of social life.
Las Analogías, una Herramienta Cognitiva para Repensar la Evaluación
Authors: Salica Marcelo A. , Portela María P. , Olguin Valeria
Published: October 2023

Las prácticas de evaluación recogen diversos sentidos y llevan a grandes discusiones en el marco de la práctica educativa. Su concepción es polisémica y promover el cambio conceptual presenta resistencias. Por eso se acude al razonamiento por analogías como medio para promover esa transformación, empleando el escenario lúdico como referencia análoga para transferir conocimiento al escenario evaluativo tradicional. El presente estudio se fundamenta en un enfoque metodológico de tipo cualitativo-cuantitativo. Participaron 20 docentes del sistema educativo de la provincia del Neuquén (Argentina). Los resultados del estudio destacan el efecto de la propuesta de formación cognitiva en las concepciones y prácticas evaluativas de los participantes. A pesar de la resistencia inicial al cambio conceptual, se logró movilizar dichas concepciones a través de la reflexión y el enfoque basado en analogías. Esto se evidenció en las variaciones significativas en el entramado de las concepciones, así como en la introducción de diferentes matices en la evaluación. La implicancia activa con la propuesta didáctica y el enfoque controvertido y actual de la articulación entre evaluación, juego y analogías resultó en una toma de conciencia efectiva, y en la ampliación de la comprensión del proceso evaluativo.
TSW-YOLO-v8n: Optimization of detection algorithms for surface defects on sawn timber
Authors: Wang Mingtao , Li Mingxi , Cui Wenyan , Xiang Xiaoyang , Duo Huaqiong
Published: October 2023

The goal of this work was to better meet the demand for rapid detection of surface defects in sawn timber in forestry production. This paper introduces a two-way feature fusion network based on the YOLO-v8 algorithm and proposes a feature fusion network model that combines the attention mechanism and loss function optimization. In this way it increases the tiny target detection head in order to more effectively detect small defective targets in the wood, thus realizing the model’s high-efficiency and low-consumption functional design. The results show that the improved TSW-YOLO-v8n model realized the identification of eight kinds of defects in sawn timber with a high efficiency of 91.10% mAP50 and an average detection 6 ms, which is 5.1% higher than the original model’s mAP50 and 1 ms shorter than the original model’s average detection time. The comparison of the original model and its mainstream algorithms shows that the model of this paper had better performance and better detection capability. Thus, the improved model achieved better overall performance and stronger detection ability, which provides a new idea for the development of detection technology in the forestry industry.
Characteristics of resonance sound in a circular saw enclosure
Authors: Takeyama Ken , Yokochi Hideyuki , Nishio Satoru , Tsuchikaw Satoru
Published: October 2023

Several studies have been conducted to reduce the idling noise of circular saws because the sound level is extremely high and harms the environment. However, conventional noise suppression technology only controls the vibrations of the circular saw itself, whereas idling noise can be generated when the air inside the enclosure is resonant. In this study, the relationship between the rotational speeds of the circular saw blade and the frequencies of the resonance sound when the circular saw blade is running idle in an enclosure was examined. Additionally, the sound pressure modes and frequencies of the air in the enclosure were analyzed using the finite element method of acoustic analysis. The results showed that resonance sound was generated only when the circular saw blade was enclosed. The frequencies of the resonance sound generated by a circular saw blade made of acrylic plastic were the same as those generated by a steel saw blade. The resonance sound was generated regardless of the outer diameter of the circular saw blade. The peak resonant frequencies formed a step-like line during the analysis in which the rotational speed of the saw blade was steadily increased.
Thermal-degradation characteristics of mechanically nanofibrillated bleached pulps from hardwood and softwood
Authors: Hideno Akihiro
Published: October 2023

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) consists of ultrafine cellulose structures in which the fibrils can have widths in the range from about 5 to 100 nm. NFC has been studied and developed in the paper industry, using bleached pulp from wood as the raw material. One of the issues in the application of NFC is their heat resistance to thermal degradation. The production process of NFC results in a decrease in their pyrolysis temperature during the nanofibrillation of bleached pulp; however, the details behind the reason and mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, NFC was prepared from bleached hardwood and softwood pulp by mechanical nanofibrillation using a grinder, and the pyrolysis behavior was investigated. For both bleached pulps, a decrease in the pyrolysis temperature was observed after nanofibrillation. The results suggest that the decrease in the pyrolysis temperature from nanofibrillation is not due to damage of the crystalline cellulose by nano fibrillation, but the damage of the hemicellulose components in the surface of the cellulose microfibrils or the interface between the crystalline cellulose and hemicellulose. If the hemicellulose on the surface of crystalline cellulose could be removed from the NFC, then the decrease in the pyrolysis temperature could be suppressed.
Unique Cardiopulmonary Interactions in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Physiology and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Johng Sandy , Fraga Maria V. , Patel Neil , Kipfmueller Florian , Bhattacharya Abhijit , Bhombal Shazia
Published: October 2023

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) results in abdominal contents entering the thoracic cavity, affecting both cardiac and pulmonary development. Maldevelopment of the pulmonary vasculature occurs within both the ipsilateral lung and the contralateral lung. The resultant bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia and associated pulmonary hypertension are important components of the pathophysiology of this disease that affect outcomes. Despite prenatal referral to specialized high-volume centers, advanced ventilation strategies, pulmonary hypertension management, and the option of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, overall CDH mortality remains between 25% and 30%. With increasing recognition that cardiac dysfunction plays a large role in morbidity and mortality in patients with CDH, it becomes imperative to understand the different clinical phenotypes, thus allowing for individual patient-directed therapies. Further research into therapeutic interventions that address the cardiopulmonary interactions in patients with CDH may lead to improved morbidity and mortality outcomes.
Decreased Noise and Identification of Very Low Voltage Signals Using a Novel Electrophysiology Recording System
Authors: Kautzner Josef , Peichl Petr , Paamand Rune , Carlson Mark D
Published: October 2023

Aims: The interpretation of intracardiac electrograms recorded from conventional electrophysiology recording systems is frequently impacted by powerline (50/60 Hz) noise and distortion due to notch filtering. This study compares unipolar electrograms recorded simultaneously from a conventional electrophysiology recording system and one of two 3D mapping systems (control system) with those from a novel system (ECGenius, CathVision ApS) designed to reduce noise without the need for conventional filtering. Methods: Unipolar electrograms were recorded simultaneously from nine consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF (five patients), atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (three patients), or ventricular tachycardia (one patient) over the course of 1 week in 2020. Results: The noise spectral power of the novel system (49–51 Hz) was 6.1 ± 6.2 times lower than that of the control system. Saturation artefact following pacing (duration 97 ± 85 ms) occurred in eight control recordings and no novel system recordings (p<0.001). High frequency, low amplitude signals and fractionated electrograms apparent on unfiltered novel system unipolar recordings were not present on control recordings. Control system notch filtering obscured His bundle electrograms observable without such filtering using the novel system and induced electrogram distortion that was not present on novel system recordings. Signal saturation occurred in five of seven control system recordings but none of the novel system recordings. Conclusion: In this study, novel system recordings exhibited less noise and fewer signal artefacts than the conventional control system and did not require notch filtering that distorted electrograms on control recordings. The novel recording system provided superior electrogram data not apparent with conventional systems.
How highly efficient power electronics transfers high electrocaloric material performance to heat pump systems
Authors: Mönch Stefan , Reiner Richard , Waltereit Patrick , Basler Michael , Quay Rüdiger , Gebhardt Sylvia , Molin Christian , Bach David , Binninger Roland , Bartholomé Kilian
Published: October 2023

Electrocaloric heat pumps for cooling or heating are an emerging emission-free technology, which could replace vapor-compression systems, harmful refrigerants, and mechanical compressors by a solid-state solution with theoretically even higher coefficient of performance. Existing electrocaloric ceramics could reach around 85% of the Carnot-limit, and existing electrocaloric polymers could enable a compact and high power density system. However, the performance of published system demonstrators stays significantly below this performance, partly because of the external electronic charging loss (cyclic charging/discharging of electrocaloric capacitors). This work analyzes how the latest 99.74% ultra-efficient power electronics enables to maintain a high performance even at the system level. A first-principle analysis on material and system parameters also shows the effect of significantly different material properties of ceramics (PMN, PST) and PVDF-based polymers on system parameters. A system benchmark provides insight into system characteristics not covered by material analysis.

Graphical abstract
La orfandad de la «monarquía unida». A propósito de la muerte de Eilat Mazar
Authors: Guevara-Llaguno Miren-Junkal
Published: October 2023

El 26 de mayo de 2021 moría en Jerusalén, Eilat Mazar, arqueóloga, muy conocida por sus descubrimientos en dos lugares importantes de Jerusalén, el Ofel, la pequeña colina junto al muro sur de la explanada construida por Herodes para levantar el templo; y la conocida como “ciudad de David”, el complejo monumental en la cresta de la colina al sur del Ofel. La personalidad de Mazar, su pertenencia a una conocida saga de arqueólogos, y sus trabajos académicos sirven para mostrar no sólo el complejo de restos monumentales, piezas cerámicas y restos de la cultura material del periodo monárquico; sino también para exponer los debates académicos e ideológicos que han sacudido la arqueología sobre suelo bíblico desde mediados del siglo pasado. El artículo hace un recorrido por la biografía personal y académica de Mazar, para introducirse después en dos de los grandes debates académicos e ideológicos que han atravesado los estudios bíblicos en la segunda mitad del s. XX, notando que la monarquía unida de David y Salomón constituye una pieza nuclear de la discusión. Pero, además, el trabajo hace una sucinta presentación de las dos grandes excavaciones de Mazar en Jerusalén, el Ofel y el palacio de David.
Content analysis of official Roman catholic church criticism towards Italian Fascism and German National Socialism in Pius XI’s encyclics
Authors: Simonov V. V. , Rosenblum E. M.
Published: October 2023

The present article analyses Pope Pius XI’s encyclics against Italian Fascism and German National Socialism, as well as encyclics on social issues in general that touch upon the said ideologies. Among them are, respectively, Non  abbiamo  bisogno  and  Mit  brennender  Sorge,  and  Quadragesimo  anno  and  Divini  illius  Magistri.  Analysing their  contents  reveals  two  major  avenues  of  criticism  levelled  against  Italian  Fascism:  one,  that  a state  cannot supersede the family in matters of the raising of children and position itself as the source of morals and an object of unconditional obedience; and two, that a state constantly projecting its authority into the private life of an individual runs contrary to freedom of association and freedom of contract inherent to it. With regards to German National Socialism, this is complemented by a third avenue expounding on the unacceptability of racism.
The sniffing position facilitated easier light wand guided endotracheal intubation compared with the neutral position with chin-lift
Authors: Kim Gunn Hee , Jung Eun Jae , Han Yun Jae , Yun Mi Jung
Published: October 2023

Background: Traditionally, the patient's head is placed in a neutral position with a chin-lift to facilitate light-wand-guided endotracheal intubation. However, our study found that the sniffing position was more effective. In this study, we aimed to compare the two positions of light-wand-guided endotracheal intubation.Method: Sixty adult patients were included in the study, after obtaining informed consent, and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group in a neutral position with a chin-lift (group C, n = 30) and a sniffing position group (group S, n = 30). In group C, the anesthesiologist inserted a light-wand after lifting the patient's mandible using the thumb of their non-dominant hand inside the patient's mouth. In group S, a light-wand was inserted after the patient's head was flexed with the neck extended. We assessed variables such as light-search time, number of intubation attempts, time to achieve intubation, and side effects including blood tinge on the endotracheal tube, hoarseness, sore throat, and anesthesiologist satisfaction.Results: The light-search and intubation times were shorter in group S than in group C. The incidence of blood tinge on the endotracheal tube was higher in group C than in group S. Anesthesiologist satisfaction was higher in group S than in group C.Conclusions: The sniffing position was more effective in facilitating light-wand-guided endotracheal intubation than the neutral position with a chin-lift.
Use of Ultrasound-Guided Tendon Fenestration and Injection Procedures for Treatment of Tendinosis
Authors: Koehn Garrett , Jackson Lexi , Ablah Elizabeth , Okut Hayrettin , Porter Andrew
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Overuse injuries such as tendinosis are a common complaint at sports medicine clinics. When conservative management for tendinosis has failed, ultrasound-guided tendon fenestration and injection procedures such as dry needling, needling tenotomy, autologous whole blood injections, and prolotherapy can be utilized for treatment. This study examined the effectiveness of these procedures for pain improvement and ability to return to activity for patients with tendinosis.
Methods. This study included patients 15 years or older who underwent at least one treatment for tendinosis at a sports medicine clinic between January 1, 2014 through April 17, 2019. A CPT code query was used to screen patient charts for study inclusion.
Results. In total, 680 patients’ data were reviewed, and 343 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients underwent a total of 598 unique procedures. Dry needling represented most procedures (62.8%, n=375). Most patients reported diminished pain at follow up (73.0%, n=268). Prolotherapy had the highest percentage of patients reporting diminished pain (81.0%, n=17). Most patients were able to return to activity (47.4%, n=172) at follow-up. A greater proportion of patients with autologous whole blood injection were able to return to activity (60.7%, n=85).
Conclusions. Most patients with tendinosis who underwent tendon fenestration or injection procedures reported diminished pain at follow-up. Autologous whole blood injection may be more likely to diminish patient pain and allow return to activity than other procedure types. More research is needed across all anatomical sites to compare the generalized effectiveness of these procedures.
Analysis of the degree of social accountability in accreditation standards for basic medical education
Authors: Lee Sangmi T , Yang Eunbae B.
Published: October 2023

According to the World Health Organization, for medical schools to fulfill their obligation of social accountability, it is necessary for medical education, research, and service areas to ref lect the healthcare system’s relevance, quality, cost-effectiveness, and equity. This study utilized Boelen and Heck’s (1995) social accountability grid model to analyze the degree to which the Accreditation Standards of Korean Institute of Medical Education and Evaluation 2019 (ASK2019) standards apply the World Federation for Medical Education’s (WFME) standards. The social accountability characteristics of the former were compared to those of the WFME, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education, and the Australian Medical Council. Experts with experience and certification in medical education and evaluation classified the ASK2019 standards according to the grid model, evaluated social accountability perspectives, and categorized them according to the process, content, and outcome. Of the 92 standards, 61 (66.30%) were selected as social accountability standards; these encompassed all areas. There was a particular focus on outcome-related areas, such as “mission and outcomes,” “student assessment,” “educational evaluation,” and “continuous improvement.” Education and quality were the most common (33, 54.11%), followed by 18 standards related to education and relevance. However, the standards on cost effectiveness and equity corresponding to education, research, and service were significantly insufficient. As a result of classification using a logic model, many criteria were incorporated into the process, producing results similar to those of international accreditation institutions. Therefore, to fulfill medical schools’ social accountability, it is necessary to develop cost effectiveness and equity standards with reference to grid models and expand them beyond education to include research and service areas. Developing content and outcome standards is also required.
Truth, Justice, and Reparation. Human Rights Violations and their Impact on the Police Forces and their Families in the Context of ETA Terrorism
Authors: Intxaurbe Vitorica José Ramón , Vicente Torrado Trinidad Lourdes , Urrutia Asua Gorka
Published: October 2023

ETA violence had an impact not only on Basque and Spanish society as a whole, but especially on certain groups who suffered the effects of being direct targets of ETA attacks. One of the most directly affected groups were the police forces (members of the Ertzaintza and of the Spanish security forces), as well as their families. This article uses a qualitative methodology (based on semi-structured in-depth interviews) to reflect and analyse the threat that ETA posed for these police forces and their families in the Basque Country, with special emphasis on the way in which their fundamental rights were affected by ETA actions.
About errors of the example of calculation of a reinforced concrete casson floor panel in the designer's handbook
Authors: Mozgolov Mikhail V.
Published: October 2023

The construction industry of the Russian Federation in the near future expects a full-scale transition to information modeling (BIM) technologies. The calculation of building structures is carried out using models in software systems based on the finite element method, which is not accurate. To substantiate the reliability of the obtained FEM data in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents, it is necessary to verify and validate the calculation models, to perform an engineering assessment of the results by comparison with the reference value obtained experimentally or analytically. Generally accepted analytical solutions are given in the designer's handbooks. The paper considers an example of the calculation of a reinforced concrete coffered floor from the designer's reference book. It has been proved by a refined analytical method and computer calculation that when determining the forces in beams, the calculation example has four errors, one of which is fundamental, embedded in the well-known analytical method for calculating caisson structures. It consists in the fact that when determining the loads on orthogonal beams, the rigidity of the structure is not taken into account.