bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simple, Inexpensive Acoustic Levitation Apparatus
Authors: Schappe R. Scott , Barbosa Cinthya
Published: December 2016

Acoustic levitation uses a resonant ultrasonic standing wave to suspend small objects; it is used in a variety of research disciplines, particularly in the study of phase transitions and materials susceptible to contamination, or as a stabilization mechanism in microgravity environments. The levitation equipment used for such research is quite costly; we wanted to develop a simple, inexpensive system to demonstrate this visually striking example of standing waves. A search of the literature produced only one article relevant to creating such an apparatus, but the authors’ approach uses a test tube, which limits the access to the standing wave. Our apparatus, shown in Fig. 1, can levitate multiple small (1-2 mm) pieces of expanded polystyrene (Styrofoam) using components readily available to most instructors of introductory physics. Acoustic levitation occurs in small, stable equilibrium locations where the weight of the object is balanced by the acoustic radiation force created by an ultrasonic standing wave; these locations are slightly below the pressure nodes. The levitation process also creates a horizontal restoring force. Since the pressure nodes are also velocity antinodes, this transverse stability may be analogous to the effect of an upward air stream supporting a ball.
Spark Ignition of Combustible Vapor in a Plastic Bottle as a Demonstration of Rocket Propulsion
Authors: Mattox J. R.
Published: December 2016

I report an innovation that provides a compelling demonstration of rocket propulsion, appropriate for students of physics and other physical sciences. An electrical spark is initiated from a distance to cause the deflagration of a combustible vapor mixed with air in a lightweight plastic bottle that is consequently propelled as a rocket by the release of combustion products, i.e., a “whoosh rocket.” My recommendation is that the standard fuel for pedagogical whoosh demonstrations be isopropanol, and the recommended vessel is the 3.8-L high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottle.
Terms vs. Concepts – The Case of Weight
Authors: Taibu Rex
Published: December 2016

Terminological and conceptual issues surrounding the definition of scientific terms have bothered teachers and students for many years. Some terms such as energy are not even usually defined, although they appear in different contexts of scientific communication, and others such as weight have debatable definitions, and for this reason the term weight is a great example to demonstrate general issues regarding terms and concepts. The term weight is defined in different ways, e.g., as the gravitational force or operationally as the force exerted by the body on its support. In an inertial situation, the magnitude of the gravitational force is equal to that of the support force. However, the two meanings are distinct when the object is in an accelerating situation (e.g., an accelerating elevator or on the surface of a rotating planet). Apart from these dichotomous definitions of weight, there are further language problems associated with each gravitational and operational definition of weight. This paper demonstrates these issues and asserts that arguing for which definition of weight is correct is not a viable approach to solve the language issue. The paper proposes an alternative route to deal with language issues facing weight and other related terms.
Flux Redux: The Spinning Coil Comes Around Again
Authors: Lund Daniel , Dietz Eric , Zou Xueli , Ard Christopher , Lee Jaydie , Kaneshiro Chris , Blanton Robert , Sun Steven
Published: December 2016

An essential laboratory exercise for our lower-division electromagnetism course involves the measurement of Earth’s local magnetic field from the emf induced in a rotating coil of wire. Although many methods exist for the measurement of Earth’s field, this one gives our students some practical experience with Faraday’s law. The apparatus we had been using previously for this activity, as has been described in TPT, is a coil driven by an electric motor at constant angular speed with its axis aligned vertically or horizontally. The emf produced was then used to calculate values for the components of the B field. Although this has produced acceptable results, the rotators have proven to be noisy, both electrically and acoustically, as well as somewhat hazardous. Additionally, the effect of stray fields from magnetic materials in the base and housing of the rotator on our measurements has not been quantitatively assessed. Now worn badly by decades of use, these units are prohibitively expensive to replace. In response to this situation, we have designed, built, and tested a quieter, greener, and more compact apparatus that can be produced cost effectively. As part of the experimental design, we have removed the constraint of constant angular rotation rate for the coil; this turns out to provide a much richer data analysis experience for students.
Teaching Representation Translations with Magnetic Field Experiments
Authors: Tillotson Wilson Andrew , McCaskey Timothy , Nasser Luis
Published: December 2016

We have developed a laboratory exercise designed to help students translate between different field representations. It starts with students qualitatively mapping field lines for various bar magnet configurations and continues with a Hall probe experiment in which students execute a series of scaffolded tasks, culminating in the prediction and measurement of the spatial variation of magnetic field components along a line near magnets. We describe the experimental tasks, various difficulties students have throughout, and ways this lab makes even their incorrect predictions better. We suggest that developing lab activities of this nature brings a new dimension to the ways students learn and interact with field concepts.
Astronomy education awards in the IUSE:EHR portfolio
Authors: Lee Kevin M.
Published: December 2016

Improving Undergraduate STEM Education (IUSE) is a National Science Foundation (NSF) program that addresses immediate challenges and opportunities facing undergraduate STEM education. IUSE endeavors to support faculty as they incorporate educational research results into the classroom and advance our understanding of effective teaching and learning. Note that IUSE is an NSF-wide framework. This paper will focus upon IUSE:EHR – the IUSE program administered from NSF’s Education and Human Resources Directorate (EHR) through the Division of Undergraduate Education (DUE). Other branches of IUSE operating within this framework include IUSE:RED in the Engineering Directorate and IUSE:GEOPATHS in the Geosciences Directorate.
Rac signal adaptation controls neutrophil mobilization from the bone marrow
Authors: Campa Carlo Cosimo , Germena Giulia , Ciraolo Elisa , Copperi Francesca , Sapienza Anna , Franco Irene , Ghigo Alessandra , Camporeale Annalisa , Di Savino Augusta , Martini Miriam , Perino Alessia , Megens Remco T. A. , Kurz Angela R. M. , Scheiermann Christoph , Sperandio Markus , Gamba Andrea , Hirsch Emilio
Published: December 2016

Circulating neutrophil numbers are determined by the time course of adaptation for chemokine-activated signaling in neutrophils.
Papers of note in
Science Translational Medicine
Authors: Ferrarelli Leslie K.
Published: December 2016

This week’s articles report a combination therapy for some breast cancer patients and identify a bacteria-mediated posttranslational mechanism of autoimmune disease.
An alternative path for pyrin
Authors: Mushegian Alexandra A.
Published: December 2016

Mutations associated with an autoimmune disorder enable cells to assemble pyrin inflammasomes independently of microtubules.
Papers of note in
Science
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: December 2016

This week’s articles highlight the ability of plants to defend themselves against infection by depriving invading bacteria of sugars, protein engineering to control the activation of signaling components, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance.
Serine ubiquitylation
Authors: Foley John F.
Published: December 2016

A bacterial effector protein ubiquitylates host proteins through a mechanism that is independent of and blocks the host ubiquitylation machinery.
A stiff path to aggressiveness
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: December 2016

Whether a glioblastoma-associated IDH1 mutant can prevent the hypoxic induction of HIF1α depends on the stiffness of the extracellular matrix.
Effects of Rashba spin–orbit coupling on the conductance of graphene-based nanoribbons
Authors: Rashidian Zeinab , Bayati Parvin , Lorestaniwiess Zeinab
Published: December 2016

The transmission properties of armchair- and zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbon junctions between graphene electrodes are examined by means of the standard nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) technique. The quantum transport of electrons is studied through a monolayer graphene strip in the presence of Rashba spin–orbit coupling that acts as a barrier between the two normal leads. The present work compares the conductances of nanoribbons with zigzag and armchair edges. Since the nature of induced gap for zigzag edge is different from armchair, it is expected to give rise to different types of conductance for each edge. Findings indicate that the Rashba strength has more pronounced influence on armchair ribbons than on zigzag ribbons, and the minimum conductance of [Formula: see text] for nanoribbon remains intact even in the presence of the Rashba spin–orbit coupling. It is predicted that controllability of spin transport in the monolayer graphene may contribute to the development of well-known spintronics.
CAPITAL ACCOUNT, INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MENA COUNTRIES: A GMM APPROACH
Authors: GRITLI MOHAMED ILYES , CHARFI FATMA MARRAKCHI
Published: December 2016

Despite the diversity of theoretical and empirical studies, the question of capital account–economic growth relationship remains a controversial issue. The aim of the paper is to complete the existing evidence focusing on Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, while taking into account the institutional quality. In this context, various estimates were made by generalized method of moments (GMM) over the period of 1986–2012 for 11 countries. The results show that corruption and democratic accountability have a significant and negative impact on economic growth if capital account liberalization is enacted. However, the interaction term of bureaucracy quality and financial openness has a significant and positive impact on economic growth. These findings therefore show that the benefits of capital account liberalization are not unconditional, but are likely to depend upon the environment in which the liberalization occurs. Our paper contributes to the recent policy debates on the merits and demerits of capital account liberalization.
Fault systems of the eastern Indonesian triple junction: evaluation of Quaternary activity and implications for seismic hazards
Authors: Watkinson Ian M. , Hall Robert
Published: December 2016

Eastern Indonesia is the site of intense deformation related to convergence between Australia, Eurasia, the Pacific and the Philippine Sea Plate. Our analysis of the tectonic geomorphology, drainage patterns, exhumed faults and historical seismicity in this region has highlighted faults that have been active during the Quaternary (Pleistocene to present day), even if instrumental records suggest that some are presently inactive. Of the 27 largely onshore fault systems studied, 11 showed evidence of a maximal tectonic rate and a further five showed evidence of rapid tectonic activity. Three faults indicating a slow to minimal tectonic rate nonetheless showed indications of Quaternary activity and may simply have long interseismic periods. Although most studied fault systems are highly segmented, many are linked by narrow (<3 km) step-overs to form one or more long, quasi-continuous segment capable of producing M>7.5 earthquakes. Sinistral shear across the soft-linked Yapen and Tarera–Aiduna faults and their continuation into the transpressive Seram fold–thrust belt represents perhaps the most active belt of deformation and hence the greatest seismic hazard in the region. However, the Palu–Koro Fault, which is long, straight and capable of generating super-shear ruptures, is considered to represent the greatest seismic risk of all the faults evaluated in this region in view of important strike-slip strands that appear to traverse the thick Quaternary basin-fill below Palu city.
‘Serpent stones’: myth and medical application
Authors: Pymm Rachael
Published: December 2016

‘Serpent stones’ have been credited with medical efficacy since antiquity. Likely having their root in ancient traditions from India, accounts are now widespread across much of the world. Serpent stones are known by many names and descriptions of their appearance and medical uses are diverse; however, they commonly have a legendary association with serpents and are most frequently considered efficacious in the alexipharmic treatment of snakebite. This work presents and details five broad categories of serpent stone: a round white stone (thought to be extracted from the head of a dragon), a smooth lens-shaped black stone (purported to be taken from the head of a snake, but artificially manufactured of burnt bone or horn), ammonites (the fossilized shells of extinct cephalopods), glass or vitreous paste in the form of rings or beads, and serpentinite.
Comparing and Contrasting Workplace Ostracism and Incivility
Authors: Ferris D. Lance , Chen Meng , Lim Sandy
Published: December 2016

Despite their shared characteristics, the literatures on workplace ostracism and incivility have evolved in different directions. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in the conceptualizations of the two constructs and trace the different measures, histories, theories, and topics covered in the two literatures. Although small, we also review the subset of studies that have directly contrasted the effects of ostracism and incivility within the same study. Subsequently, we outline future research areas for both literatures, with a particular focus on research areas that may produce results that help further differentiate the two constructs.
Trefoil Factor Peptides and Gastrointestinal Function
Authors: Aihara Eitaro , Engevik Kristen A. , Montrose Marshall H.
Published: December 2016

Trefoil factor (TFF) peptides, with a 40-amino acid motif and including six conserved cysteine residues that form intramolecular disulfide bonds, are a family of mucin-associated secretory molecules mediating many physiological roles that maintain and restore gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal homeostasis. TFF peptides play important roles in response to GI mucosal injury and inflammation. In response to acute GI mucosal injury, TFF peptides accelerate cell migration to seal the damaged area from luminal contents, whereas chronic inflammation leads to increased TFF expression to prevent further progression of disease. Although much evidence supports the physiological significance of TFF peptides in mucosal defenses, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of TFF peptides in the GI epithelium remain largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the functional roles of TFF1, 2, and 3 and illustrate their action mechanisms, focusing on defense mechanisms in the GI tract.
The Affordable Care Act's Impacts on Access to Insurance and Health Care for Low-Income Populations
Authors: Kominski Gerald F. , Nonzee Narissa J. , Sorensen Andrea
Published: December 2016

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) expands access to health insurance in the United States, and, to date, an estimated 20 million previously uninsured individuals have gained coverage. Understanding the law's impact on coverage, access, utilization, and health outcomes, especially among low-income populations, is critical to informing ongoing debates about its effectiveness and implementation. Early findings indicate that there have been significant reductions in the rate of uninsurance among the poor and among those who live in Medicaid expansion states. In addition, the law has been associated with increased health care access, affordability, and use of preventive and outpatient services among low-income populations, though impacts on inpatient utilization and health outcomes have been less conclusive. Although these early findings are generally consistent with past coverage expansions, continued monitoring of these domains is essential to understand the long-term impact of the law for underserved populations.
Inhibitor of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Sensitizes Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide via Activating ROS/JNK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Feng Jun , Yan Peng-Fei , Zhao Hong-yang , Zhang Fang-Cheng , Zhao Wo-Hua , Feng Min
Published: December 2016

Overcoming temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a great challenge in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and has a crucial role in cancer cell metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether FK866 and CHS828, two specific NAMPT inhibitors, could sensitize GBM cells to TMZ. Low doses of FK866 and CHS828 (5 nM and 10 nM, resp.) alone did not significantly decrease cell viability in U251-MG and T98 GBM cells. However, they significantly increased the antitumor action of TMZ in these cells. In U251-MG cells, administration of NAMPT inhibitors increased the TMZ (100 μM)-induced apoptosis and LDH release from GBM cells. NAMPT inhibitors remarkably enhanced the activities of caspase-1, caspase-3, and caspase-9. Moreover, NAMPT inhibitors increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and superoxide anion level but reduced the SOD activity and total antioxidative capacity in GBM cells. Treatment of NAMPT inhibitors increased phosphorylation of c-Jun and JNK. Administration of JNK inhibitor SP600125 or ROS scavenger tocopherol with TMZ and NAMPT inhibitors substantially attenuated the sensitization of NAMPT inhibitor on TMZ antitumor action. Our data indicate a potential value of NAMPT inhibitors in combined use with TMZ for GBM treatment.
Numerical Solution of Time-Fractional Order Telegraph Equation by Bernstein Polynomials Operational Matrices
Authors: Asgari M. , Ezzati R. , Allahviranloo T.
Published: December 2016

We present a new method to solve time-fractional order telegraph equation (TFOTE) by using Bernstein polynomials. By implementation of Bernstein polynomials operational matrices of fractional differential on TFOTE, we reduce the original problem to a linear system of algebraic equations. Also, we prove the convergence analysis. In order to show the efficiency of the proposed method, we present two numerical examples.
A Mixed Integer Programming Poultry Feed Ration Optimisation Problem Using the Bat Algorithm
Authors: Chagwiza Godfrey , Chivuraise Chipo , Gadzirayi Christopher T.
Published: December 2016

In this paper, a feed ration problem is presented as a mixed integer programming problem. An attempt to find the optimal quantities of Moringa oleifera inclusion into the poultry feed ration was done and the problem was solved using the Bat algorithm and the Cplex solver. The study used findings of previous research to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera inclusion in poultry feed ration. The results show that the farmer is likely to gain US$0.89 more if Moringa oleifera is included in the feed ration. Results also show superiority of the Bat algorithm in terms of execution time and number of iterations required to find the optimum solution as compared with the results obtained by the Cplex solver. Results revealed that there is a significant economic benefit of Moringa oleifera inclusion into the poultry feed ration.
An Improved Fourier Series Method for the Free Vibration Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Coupled Beams
Authors: Zhang Runze , Cao Yipeng , Zhang Wenping , Li Hongbo , Li Xiangmei
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a free vibration analysis of three-dimensional coupled beams with arbitrary coupling angle using an improved Fourier method. The displacement and rotation of the coupled beams are represented by the improved Fourier series which consisted of Fourier cosine series and closed-form auxiliary functions. The coupling and boundary conditions are accomplished by setting coupling and boundary springs and assigning corresponding stiffness values to the springs. Modal parameters are determined through the application of Rayleigh-Ritz procedure to the system energy formulation. The accuracy and convergence of the present method are demonstrated by finite element method (FEM) result. Investigation on vibration of the propulsion shafting structure shows the extensive applicability of present method. The studies on the vibration suppression devices are also reported.
Morphokinetic Characteristics and Developmental Potential of In Vitro Cultured Embryos from Natural Cycles in Patients with Poor Ovarian Response
Authors: Hojnik N. , Vlaisavljević V. , Kovačič B.
Published: December 2016

Background. Patients with poor ovarian response to ovarian hyperstimulation represent an interesting group for studying the impact of embryo cleavage irregularities on clinical outcome since all embryos, regardless of their quality, are usually transferred to the uterus. The aim of our study was to follow the morphokinetics of fertilized oocytes from natural cycles in poor responders. Methods. Zygotes from 53 cycles were cultured in vitro for 3 days. The morphokinetics of their development and transfer outcomes were retrospectively analyzed for the normally and irregularly cleaved embryos. Results. Of all embryos, 30.2% had single and 20.8% multiple cleavage irregularities with the following prevalence: developmental arrest 30.2%, direct cleavage to more than two cells 24.5%, chaotic cleavage 13.2%, and reverse cleavage 11.3%. These embryos had longer pronuclear phases, first cytokinesis, second embryo cell cycles, and less synchronized divisions. The transfer of normally developing embryos resulted in an implantation rate of 30.8% and a delivery rate of 23.1%, but irregularly cleaved embryos did not implant. Conclusions. The use of time-lapse microscopy in poor responder patients identified embryos with cleavage abnormalities that are related with no or extremely low implantation potential. Gained information about embryo quality is important for counselling patients about their expectations.
Effects of a Home-Based Family-Centred Early Habilitation Program on Neurobehavioural Outcomes of Very Preterm Born Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Poggioli Michela , Minichilli Fabrizio , Bononi Tiziana , Meghi Pasquina , Andre Paolo , Crecchi Alessandra , Rossi Bruno , Carboncini Maria Chiara , Ottolini Alberto , Bonfiglio Luca
Published: December 2016

Preterm children have an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairments which include psychomotor and language retardation. The objectives of the present retrospective cohort study were to examine the effects of an individually adapted, home-based, and family-centred early developmental habilitation program on neurodevelopmental and behavioural outcomes of very preterm children compared with a standard follow-up at 2 years’ corrected age. Enrolled infants were retrospectively assigned to the intervention group (61 subjects) or to the control group (62 subjects) depending on whether they had or had not carried out a home-based family-centred early developmental habilitation program focused on environmental enrichment, parent-guided environmental interaction, and infant development. Developmental outcome was assessed for both groups at 24 months’ corrected age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development 2nd Edition. Intervention significantly improved both cognitive and behavioural outcomes. In addition, males had significantly lower scores than females either before or after treatment. However, the treatment was effective in both genders to the same extent. In conclusion, a timely updated environment suitable to the infant’s developmental needs could provide the best substrate where the parent-infant relationship can be practised with the ultimate goal of achieving further developmental steps.
Inhibition of the cAMP/PKA/CREB Pathway Contributes to the Analgesic Effects of Electroacupuncture in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in a Rat Pain Memory Model
Authors: Shao Xiao-Mei , Sun Jing , Jiang Yong-Liang , Liu Bo-Yi , Shen Zui , Fang Fang , Du Jun-Ying , Wu Yuan-Yuan , Wang Jia-Ling , Fang Jian-Qiao
Published: December 2016

Pain memory is considered as endopathic factor underlying stubborn chronic pain. Our previous study demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) can alleviate retrieval of pain memory. This study was designed to observe the different effects between EA and indomethacin (a kind of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) in a rat pain memory model. To explore the critical role of protein kinase A (PKA) in pain memory, a PKA inhibitor was microinjected into anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in model rats. We further investigated the roles of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), PKA, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in pain memory to explore the potential molecular mechanism. The results showed that EA alleviates the retrieval of pain memory while indomethacin failed. Intra-ACC microinjection of a PKA inhibitor blocked the occurrence of pain memory. EA reduced the activation of cAMP, PKA, and CREB and the coexpression levels of cAMP/PKA and PKA/CREB in the ACC of pain memory model rats, but indomethacin failed. The present findings identified a critical role of PKA in ACC in retrieval of pain memory. We propose that the proper mechanism of EA on pain memory is possibly due to the partial inhibition of cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway by EA.
Remote Postconditioning Alone and Combined with Hypothermia Improved Postresuscitation Cardiac and Neurological Outcomes in Swine
Authors: Xu Jiefeng , Huang Zeng , Ye Sen , Wang Moli , Fang Ya , Li Zilong
Published: December 2016

Objective. Previously, we demonstrated that remote ischemic postconditioning (RIpostC) improved postresuscitation myocardial and cerebral functions in rat. Here, we investigated the effects of RIpostC alone and combined with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on cardiac and neurological outcomes after CPR in swine. Methods. Twenty-one pigs were subjected to 10 mins of VF and then 5 mins of CPR. The animals were randomized to receive RIpostC alone, or its combination with TH, or sham control. RIpostC was induced by 4 cycles of limb ischemia followed by reperfusion. TH was implemented by surface cooling to reach a temperature of 32–34°C. Results. During 72 hrs after resuscitation, lower level of cardiac troponin I and greater stroke volume and global ejection fraction were observed in animals that received RIpostC when compared to the control. RIpostC also decreased serum levels of neuron-specific enolase and S100B and increased neurologic alertness score after resuscitation. The combination of RIpostC and TH resulted in greater improvement in cardiac and neurological outcomes than RIpostC alone. Conclusion. RIpostC was conducive to improving postresuscitation myocardial and cerebral functions and reducing their organ injuries. Its combination with TH further enhanced its protective effects.
Determining Cutoff Point of Ensemble Trees Based on Sample Size in Predicting Clinical Dose with DNA Microarray Data
Authors: Yılmaz Isıkhan Selen , Karabulut Erdem , Alpar Celal Reha
Published: December 2016

Background/Aim. Evaluating the success of dose prediction based on genetic or clinical data has substantially advanced recently. The aim of this study is to predict various clinical dose values from DNA gene expression datasets using data mining techniques. Materials and Methods. Eleven real gene expression datasets containing dose values were included. First, important genes for dose prediction were selected using iterative sure independence screening. Then, the performances of regression trees (RTs), support vector regression (SVR), RT bagging, SVR bagging, and RT boosting were examined. Results. The results demonstrated that a regression-based feature selection method substantially reduced the number of irrelevant genes from raw datasets. Overall, the best prediction performance in nine of 11 datasets was achieved using SVR; the second most accurate performance was provided using a gradient-boosting machine (GBM). Conclusion. Analysis of various dose values based on microarray gene expression data identified common genes found in our study and the referenced studies. According to our findings, SVR and GBM can be good predictors of dose-gene datasets. Another result of the study was to identify the sample size of n=25 as a cutoff point for RT bagging to outperform a single RT.
Depression and HIV Risk Behaviors among Female Sex Workers in Guangdong, China: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shen Hongcheng , Zou Huachun , Huang Shujie , Liu Fengying , Zhao Peizhen , Chen Lei , Zhang Ye , Luo Xiaomin , Tang Weiming , Zheng Heping , Yang Bin
Published: December 2016

Background. Our study aimed to assess the burden of depression and evaluate factors associated with depression and status of HIV risk behaviors among female sex workers (FSWs) in Guangdong, China. Method. We recruited FSWs from massage parlors, saunas, restaurants, hotels, hair salons, and streets in Guangdong, China, in 2014. Information on demographic characteristics, HIV testing history, and sexual behaviors was collected using a questionnaire. A blood sample was collected to test for HIV, syphilis, and HCV. A participant was defined as being depressed if she obtained 6 points or above using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Results. Among the 653 participants, 41.7% were 21–30 years old and 43.6% married. Overall, 52.4% were found to be depressed. FSWs who had correct syphilis related knowledge [aOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.04–2.03] and had primary sex partner (1.63, 1.14–2.33) were more likely to be depressed. FSWs who did not use a condom during their last sex with the primary sex partner were less likely to be depressed (0.47, 0.31–0.71). Conclusion. Our study observed high level of depression and HIV risk behaviors among Chinese FSWs. Future interventions should integrate mental health services in comprehensive interventions to prevent depression among Chinese FSWs.
Osteopontin Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Clemente Nausicaa , Raineri Davide , Cappellano Giuseppe , Boggio Elena , Favero Francesco , Soluri Maria Felicia , Dianzani Chiara , Comi Cristoforo , Dianzani Umberto , Chiocchetti Annalisa
Published: December 2016

Osteopontin (OPN) regulates the immune response at multiple levels. Physiologically, it regulates the host response to infections by driving T helper (Th) polarization and acting on both innate and adaptive immunity; pathologically, it contributes to the development of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. In some cases, the mechanisms of these effects have been described, but many aspects of the OPN function remain elusive. This is in part ascribable to the fact that OPN is a complex molecule with several posttranslational modifications and it may act as either an immobilized protein of the extracellular matrix or a soluble cytokine or an intracytoplasmic molecule by binding to a wide variety of molecules including crystals of calcium phosphate, several cell surface receptors, and intracytoplasmic molecules. This review describes the OPN structure, isoforms, and functions and its role in regulating the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in autoimmune diseases.
Prospect of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Neural Crest Stem Cells in Clinical Application
Authors: Zhu Qian , Lu Qiqi , Gao Rong , Cao Tong
Published: December 2016

Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) represent a transient and multipotent cell population that contributes to numerous anatomical structures such as peripheral nervous system, teeth, and cornea. NCSC maldevelopment is related to various human diseases including pigmentation abnormalities, disorders affecting autonomic nervous system, and malformations of teeth, eyes, and hearts. As human pluripotent stem cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can serve as an unlimited cell source to generate NCSCs, hESC/hiPSC‐derived NCSCs can be a valuable tool to study the underlying mechanisms of NCSC‐associated diseases, which paves the way for future therapies for these abnormalities. In addition, hESC/hiPSC‐derived NCSCs with the capability of differentiating to various cell types are highly promising for clinical organ repair and regeneration. In this review, we first discuss NCSC generation methods from human pluripotent stem cells and differentiation mechanism of NCSCs. Then we focus on the clinical application potential of hESC/hiPSC‐derived NCSCs on peripheral nerve injuries, corneal blindness, tooth regeneration, pathological melanogenesis, Hirschsprung disease, and cardiac repair and regeneration.
Pivotal Cytoprotective Mediators and Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Endothelial Progenitor Cell‐Based Cardiovascular Regeneration
Authors: Kim Hyunyun , Kim Sujin , Baek Sang Hong , Kwon Sang-Mo
Published: December 2016

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction, is a major cause of death worldwide. In aspects of cell therapy against CVD, it is generally accepted that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are potent neovascular modulators in ischemic tissues. In response to ischemic injury signals, EPCs located in a bone marrow niche migrate to injury sites and form new vessels by secreting various vasculogenic factors including VEGF, SDF‐1, and FGF, as well as by directly differentiating into endothelial cells. Nonetheless, in ischemic tissues, most of engrafted EPCs do not survive under harsh ischemic conditions and nutrient depletion. Therefore, an understanding of diverse EPC‐related cytoprotective mediators underlying EPC homeostasis in ischemic tissues may help to overcome current obstacles for EPC‐mediated cell therapy for CVDs. Additionally, to enhance EPC’s functional capacity at ischemic sites, multiple strategies for cell survival should be considered, that is, preconditioning of EPCs with function‐targeting drugs including natural compounds and hormones, virus mediated genetic modification, combined therapy with other stem/progenitor cells, and conglomeration with biomaterials. In this review, we discuss multiple cytoprotective mediators of EPC‐based cardiovascular repair and propose promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CVDs.
Chlorinated Phospholipids and Fatty Acids: (Patho)physiological Relevance, Potential Toxicity, and Analysis of Lipid Chlorohydrins
Authors: Schröter Jenny , Schiller Jürgen
Published: December 2016

Chlorinated phospholipids are formed by the reaction of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase under inflammatory conditions, and the unsaturated fatty acyl residues or the head group. In the first case the generated chlorohydrins are both proinflammatory and cytotoxic, thus having a significant impact on the structures of biomembranes. The latter case leads to chloramines, the properties of which are by far less well understood. Since HOCl is also widely used as a disinfecting and antibacterial agent in medicinal, industrial, and domestic applications, it may represent an additional source of danger in the case of abuse or mishandling. This review discusses the reaction behavior of in vivo generated HOCl and biomolecules like DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates but will focus on phospholipids. Not only the beneficial and pathological (toxic) effects of chlorinated lipids but also the importance of these chlorinated species is discussed. Some selected cleavage products of (chlorinated) phospholipids and plasmalogens such as lysophospholipids, (chlorinated) free fatty acids and α‐chloro fatty aldehydes, which are all well known to massively contribute to inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative stress, will be also discussed. Finally, common analytical methods to study these compounds will be reviewed with focus on mass spectrometric techniques.
Base Isolation for Seismic Retrofitting of a Multiple Building Structure: Evaluation of Equivalent Linearization Method
Authors: Ferraioli Massimiliano , Mandara Alberto
Published: December 2016

Although the most commonly used isolation systems exhibit nonlinear inelastic behaviour, the equivalent linear elastic analysis is commonly used in the design and assessment of seismic-isolated structures. The paper investigates if the linear elastic model is suitable for the analysis of a seismically isolated multiple building structure. To this aim, its computed responses were compared with those calculated by nonlinear dynamic analysis. A common base isolation plane connects the isolation bearings supporting the adjacent structures. In this situation, the conventional equivalent linear elastic analysis may have some problems of accuracy because this method is calibrated on single base-isolated structures. Moreover, the torsional characteristics of the combined system are significantly different from those of separate isolated buildings. A number of numerical simulations and parametric studies under earthquake excitations were performed. The accuracy of the dynamic response obtained by the equivalent linear elastic model was calculated by the magnitude of the error with respect to the corresponding response considering the nonlinear behaviour of the isolation system. The maximum displacements at the isolation level, the maximum interstorey drifts, and the peak absolute acceleration were selected as the most important response measures. The influence of mass eccentricity, torsion, and high-modes effects was finally investigated.
Main Trend Extraction Based on Irregular Sampling Estimation and Its Application in Storage Volume of Internet Data Center
Authors: Miao Beibei , Dou Chao , Jin Xuebo
Published: December 2016

The storage volume of internet data center is one of the classical time series. It is very valuable to predict the storage volume of a data center for the business value. However, the storage volume series from a data center is always “dirty,” which contains the noise, missing data, and outliers, so it is necessary to extract the main trend of storage volume series for the future prediction processing. In this paper, we propose an irregular sampling estimation method to extract the main trend of the time series, in which the Kalman filter is used to remove the “dirty” data; then the cubic spline interpolation and average method are used to reconstruct the main trend. The developed method is applied in the storage volume series of internet data center. The experiment results show that the developed method can estimate the main trend of storage volume series accurately and make great contribution to predict the future volume value.
Comparison Study on the Exact Dynamic Stiffness Method for Free Vibration of Thin and Moderately Thick Circular Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Chen Xudong , Ye Kangsheng
Published: December 2016

Comparison study on free vibration of circular cylindrical shells between thin and moderately thick shell theories when using the exact dynamic stiffness method (DSM) formulation is presented. Firstly, both the thin and moderately thick dynamic stiffness formulations are examined. Based on the strain and kinetic energy, the vibration governing equations are expressed in the Hamilton form for both thin and moderately thick circular cylindrical shells. The dynamic stiffness is assembled in a similar way as that in classic skeletal theory. With the employment of the Wittrick-Williams algorithm, natural frequencies of circular cylindrical shells can be obtained. A FORTRAN code is written and used to compute the modal characteristics. Numerical examples are presented, verifying the proposed computational framework. Since the DSM is an exact approach, the advantages of high accuracy, no-missing frequencies, and good adaptability to various geometries and boundary conditions are demonstrated. Comprehensive parametric studies on the thickness to radius ratio (h/r) and the length to radius ratio (L/r) are performed. Applicable ranges of h/r are found for both thin and moderately thick DSM formulations, and influences of L/r on frequencies are also investigated. The following conclusions are reached: frequencies of moderately thick shells can be considered as alternatives to those of thin shells with high accuracy where  h/r is small and L/r is large, without any observation of shear locking.
A Difference in the Incidences of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Original and Generic Taxanes
Authors: Ratanajarusiri Tanchanok , Sriuranpong Virote , Sitthideatphaiboon Piyada , Poovoravan Nattaya , Vinayanuwat Chanida , Parinyanitikul Napa , Angspatt Pattama , Thawinwisan Wilai , Tanasanvimon Suebpong
Published: December 2016

Purpose: To compare incidences of hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) between original and generic taxanes including paclitaxel and docetaxel. Methods: We conducted a prospective study enrolling all patients receiving taxanes at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Taxanes were infused accordingly to the step-wise rate escalation protocol at this hospital. Active surveillance for HSRs was performed. During the study period, there was only 1 generic brand used for each taxane. We primarily compared the incidences of HSR between original and generic drugs for each taxane. Results: During the period from January 1 to December 31, 2013, a total of 258 consecutive patients receiving taxanes were enrolled; 128 received paclitaxel, i.e. 65 and 63 in the original (Taxol) and generic arms, respectively, and 130 received docetaxel, i.e. 66 and 64 in the original (Taxotere) and generic arms, respectively. Premedication, including antihistamines and dexamethasone, was administered to all patients 30 min before taxane infusion. There were 26 (10.0%) HSR events including 24 grade 2 and 2 grade 3 HSRs. In the paclitaxel group, there were 9 (13.8%) and 7 (11.1%) HSRs in the original and generic arms, respectively (p = 0.791). In the docetaxel group, there were 9 (13.6%) and 1 (1.6%) HSRs in the original and generic arms, respectively (p = 0.017). No life-threatening symptoms or permanent discontinuation of taxanes occurred. Conclusions: In this prospective study, the incidences of HSR were similar with generic and original paclitaxel but significantly different with generic and original docetaxel.
Viability of Primary Human Pigment Epithelium Cells and Muller-Glia Cells after Intravitreal Ziv-Aflibercept and Aflibercept
Authors: Costa de Andrade Gabriel , Wertheimer Christian , Eibl Kirsten , Wolf Armin , Kampik Anselm , Buchele Rodrigues Eduardo , Farah Michel Eid , Haritoglou Christos
Published: December 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to access the safety profiles of 2 fusion proteins with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor action (ziv-aflibercept and aflibercept) on retinal pigment epithelium cells and Muller-Glia cells in culture by assessing cell viability post drug exposure. Methods: Primary human retinal pigment epithelium cells (pRPE) and Muller-Glia cells (Mio-M1) were exposed to the clinical standardized concentrations of ziv-aflibercept (25 mg/mL) and aflibercept (40 mg/mL). Progressively higher concentrations of NaCl (300, 500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 5,000, and 10,000 mosm/kg) were also applied to cells to assess the possibility of potentiating hyperosmotic cytotoxity effect. The study was applied to measure pRPE and Mio-M1 viability by a tetrazolium dye-reduction assay (XTT). Results: Cell viability of both pRPE and Mio-M1 presented no significant changes after exposure of ziv-aflibercept and aflibercept. Progressive NaCl concentrations did not significantly alter cell viability. The exposure to the negative control of 75 µL/mL of dimethyl sulfoxide showed significant reduction in cell viability. Conclusions: At clinical doses, neither ziv-aflibercept nor aflibercept caused any significant reduction in cell viability in vitro. Furthermore, injection solutions of NaCl with higher osmolality caused no significant reduction in cell viability.
Bilateral Superior Cerebellar Artery Embolic Occlusion with a Fetal-Type Posterior Cerebral Artery Providing Collateral Circulation
Authors: Bergman Taylor J. , Saporito Rachael C. , Hope Thomas
Published: December 2016

Bilateral infarction of the superior cerebellar arteries with sparing of the rest of the posterior circulation, particularly the posterior cerebral arteries, is an uncommon finding in neurological practice. Most commonly, the deficits of the superior cerebellar arteries and posterior cerebral arteries occur together due to the close proximity of their origins at the top of the basilar artery. A patient was transferred to the neurological intensive care unit with a history of recent-onset falls from standing, profound hypertension, dizziness, and headaches. The neurological exam revealed cerebellar signs, including dysmetria of the right upper extremity and a decreased level of consciousness. Computed tomography of the head and neck revealed decreased attenuation throughout most of the cerebellar hemispheres suggestive of ischemic injury with sparing of the rest of the brain. Further investigation with a computed tomography angiogram revealed a fetal-type posterior cerebral artery on the right side that was providing collateral circulation to the posterior brain. Due to this embryological anomaly, the patient was spared significant morbidity and mortality that would have likely occurred had the circulation been more typical of an adult male.
Test-Retest Reliability of Scotopic and Mesopic Fundus-Controlled Perimetry Using a Modified MAIA (Macular Integrity Assessment) in Normal Eyes
Authors: Pfau Maximilian , Lindner Moritz , Fleckenstein Monika , Finger Robert P. , Rubin Gary S. , Harmening Wolf M. , Morales Marco U. , Holz Frank G. , Schmitz-Valckenberg Steffen
Published: December 2016

Purpose: To assess the intrasession test-retest reliability of scotopic cyan and scotopic red fundus-controlled perimetry (FCP) in normal subjects using a modified MAIA “microperimeter” (macular integrity assessment) device. Methods: Forty-seven normal eyes of 30 subjects (aged 33.8 years) underwent duplicate mesopic (achromatic stimuli, 400-800 nm), scotopic cyan (505 nm), and scotopic red (627 nm) FCP, using a grid of 49 stimuli over 14° of the central retina. Test-retest reliability for pointwise sensitivity (PWS), stability of fixation, reaction time and test duration were analyzed using mixed-effects models. Results: PWS test-retest reliability was good among all 3 types of retinal sensitivity assessments (coefficient of repeatability of 4.75 dB for mesopic, 5.26 dB for scotopic cyan, and 4.06 dB for scotopic red testing). While the mean sensitivity decreased with eccentricity for both mesopic and scotopic red testing, it was highest at 7° eccentricity for the scotopic cyan assessment (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The modified MAIA device allows for reliable scotopic FCP in normal subjects. Our findings suggest that testing of scotopic cyan sensitivity largely reflects rod function.