bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nowa koncepcja polikryzysów w świetle dyrektywy 2022/2557 w sprawie odporności podmiotów krytycznych (dyrektywy CER)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Długosz Tomasz
Published: August 2023

Autor zajmuje się koncepcją polikryzysów, która może znaleźć zastosowanie przy zwiększaniu odporności tzw. podmiotów krytycznych i ochronie infrastruktury krytycznej. Dochodzi do wniosku, że jest to koncepcja, która zwraca uwagę na pewne ponadsystemowe zagrożenia i na reaktywność systemów społecznych na te zagrożenia. Jego zdaniem dyrektywa CER w sprawie odporności podmiotów krytycznych nakazuje w szerokim zakresie uwzględniać współzależności międzysystemowe, tworząc pole do wykorzystania koncepcji polikryzysów. Autor wyraża obawę, że możliwe uwikłanie ideologiczne koncepcji polikryzysów będzie prowadzić do nieproporcjonalnej ochrony infrastruktury krytycznej w stosunku do prawdziwych zagrożeń.
Wybrane aspekty unijnych regulacji przyjmowanych w reakcji na kryzys na rynku gazu
Authors: Faszcza Jakub
Published: August 2023

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie działań podjętych na poziomie unijnym w związku z trwającym kryzysem gazowym oraz próba ich wstępnej oceny. Kryzys, który rozpoczął się już przed atakiem Rosji na Ukrainę miał stanowić działania przygotowawcze pod planowaną inwazję. Kwestie działań Gazpromu zostały przybliżone we wprowadzeniu w taki sposób, żeby czytelnik mógł lepiej zrozumieć kontekst ostatnich wydarzeń stanowiący uzasadnienie dla przyjmowanych regulacji.W artykule przedstawiono zestaw wybranych najistotniejszych przyjętych środków, mających ograniczyć skutki kryzysu. Jednocześnie podjęto próbę ich oceny z perspektywy skuteczności oraz potencjalnych skutków. Kwestie, takie jak sankcje oraz zagadnienia związane z pomocą publiczną pozostają poza zakresem tej pracy z uwagi na fakt, że każdy z tych tematów mógłby stanowić przedmiot osobnej analizy.
Can Radiological Visceral Adiposity Analysis in Acute Pancreatitis Aid in Identifying Underlying Etiology? Assessing the Clinical Potential of Quantitative Radiological Analyses of Visceral Adiposity
Authors: Sala Michael , Guirgis Mina , Misur Philip , Wijesuriya Ruwan
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between visceral adiposity and the possible etiologies of acute pancreatitis. Obesity creates low-grade inflammation and evidence supports an association between obesity and inflammatory conditions such as pancreatitis. CT imaging is utilized in assessing pancreatitis severity and complications but also offers the chance to quantitatively measure visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA). Given the metabolic role that fat plays, we hypothesized that different body fat distributions, as measured by these areas, may be associated with different etiologies. Further, this also allows us to explore a relationship between severity, etiology, and the fat distributions in patients with acute pancreatitis. 
Method: Retrospective observational cohort study of all patients admitted to a single center. The VFA, SFA, their ratio (VFA/SFA) and total fat area (TFA) were calculated using a semi-automatic algorithm. 
Results: 518 patients were admitted with acute pancreatitis over a three-year period. 177 patients underwent CT imaging. Gallstone pancreatitis patients had higher VFA and TFA measurements while alcoholic pancreatitis patients had lower measurements. Patients with pancreatitis with no clear cause had the lowest VFA/SFA ratio. Increasing VFA was associated with increasing severity in a univariate logistic regression model (p = 0.01) but this association diminished in a multivariate model accounting for etiology (p = 0.09).
Conclusion: The pattern of fat distribution differs amongst the etiologies of acute pancreatitis, as this likely reflects multiple contributing pathogenic mechanisms. Patients with gallstone pancreatitis had disproportionately more visceral fat, alcohol had the least overall fat, and those without a clear cause had the lowest VFA/SFA ratio. Etiology is strongly associated with body fat distribution. Severity is associated with increased visceral fat, but much less so when etiology is controlled for. The radiological assessment of fat distribution thus can give clues to associated etiology.
Fine-grained functional parcellation maps of the infant cerebral cortex
Authors: Wang Fan , Zhang Han , Wu Zhengwang , Hu Dan , Zhou Zhen , Girault Jessica B , Wang Li , Lin Weili , Li Gang
Published: August 2023

Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is widely used to examine the dynamic brain functional development of infants, but these studies typically require precise cortical parcellation maps, which cannot be directly borrowed from adult-based functional parcellation maps due to the substantial differences in functional brain organization between infants and adults. Creating infant-specific cortical parcellation maps is thus highly desired but remains challenging due to difficulties in acquiring and processing infant brain MRIs. In this study, we leveraged 1064 high-resolution longitudinal rs-fMRIs from 197 typically developing infants and toddlers from birth to 24 months who participated in the Baby Connectome Project to develop the first set of infant-specific, fine-grained, surface-based cortical functional parcellation maps. To establish meaningful cortical functional correspondence across individuals, we performed cortical co-registration using both the cortical folding geometric features and the local gradient of functional connectivity (FC). Then we generated both age-related and age-independent cortical parcellation maps with over 800 fine-grained parcels during infancy based on aligned and averaged local gradient maps of FC across individuals. These parcellation maps reveal complex functional developmental patterns, such as changes in local gradient, network size, and local efficiency, especially during the first 9 postnatal months. Our generated fine-grained infant cortical functional parcellation maps are publicly available at https://www.nitrc.org/projects/infantsurfatlas/ for advancing the pediatric neuroimaging field.
Noradrenaline release from the locus coeruleus shapes stress-induced hippocampal gene expression
Authors: Privitera Mattia , von Ziegler Lukas M , Floriou-Servou Amalia , Duss Sian N , Zhang Runzhong , Waag Rebecca , Leimbacher Sebastian , Sturman Oliver , Roessler Fabienne K , Heylen Annelies , Vermeiren Yannick , Van Dam Debby , De Deyn Peter P , Germain Pierre-Luc , Bohacek Johannes
Published: August 2023

Exposure to an acute stressor triggers a complex cascade of neurochemical events in the brain. However, deciphering their individual impact on stress-induced molecular changes remains a major challenge. Here, we combine RNA sequencing with selective pharmacological, chemogenetic, and optogenetic manipulations to isolate the contribution of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system to the acute stress response in mice. We reveal that NA release during stress exposure regulates a large and reproducible set of genes in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus via β-adrenergic receptors. For a smaller subset of these genes, we show that NA release triggered by LC stimulation is sufficient to mimic the stress-induced transcriptional response. We observe these effects in both sexes, and independent of the pattern and frequency of LC activation. Using a retrograde optogenetic approach, we demonstrate that hippocampus-projecting LC neurons directly regulate hippocampal gene expression. Overall, a highly selective set of astrocyte-enriched genes emerges as key targets of LC-NA activation, most prominently several subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (Ppp1r3c, Ppp1r3d, Ppp1r3g) and type II iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2). These results highlight the importance of astrocytic energy metabolism and thyroid hormone signaling in LC-mediated hippocampal function and offer new molecular targets for understanding how NA impacts brain function in health and disease.
The PMA phorbol ester tumor promoter increases canonical Wnt signaling via macropinocytosis
Authors: Tejeda-Munoz Nydia , Azbazdar Yagmur , Monka Julia , Binder Grace , Dayrit Alex , Ayala Raul , O'Brien Neil , De Robertis Edward M
Published: August 2023

Activation of the Wnt pathway lies at the core of many human cancers. Wnt and macropinocytosis are often active in the same processes, and understanding how Wnt signaling and membrane trafficking cooperate should improve our understanding of embryonic development and cancer. Here, we show that a macropinocytosis activator, the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), enhances Wnt signaling. Experiments using the Xenopus embryo as an in vivo model showed marked cooperation between the PMA phorbol ester and Wnt signaling, which was blocked by inhibitors of macropinocytosis, Rac1 activity, and lysosome acidification. Human colorectal cancer tissue arrays and xenografts in mice showed a correlation of cancer progression with increased macropinocytosis/multivesicular body/lysosome markers and decreased GSK3 levels. The crosstalk between canonical Wnt, focal adhesions, lysosomes, and macropinocytosis suggests possible therapeutic targets for cancer progression in Wnt-driven cancers.
Persistence of intact HIV-1 proviruses in the brain during antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Rassadkina Yelizaveta , Gao Ce , Collens Sarah Isabel , Lian Xiaodong , Solomon Isaac H , Mukerji Shibani S , Yu Xu G , Lichterfeld Mathias
Published: August 2023

HIV-1 reservoir cells that circulate in peripheral blood during suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been well characterized, but little is known about the dissemination of HIV-1-infected cells across multiple anatomical tissues, especially the CNS. Here, we performed single-genome, near full-length HIV-1 next-generation sequencing to evaluate the proviral landscape in distinct anatomical compartments, including multiple CNS tissues, from 3 ART-treated participants at autopsy. While lymph nodes and, to a lesser extent, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tissues represented tissue hotspots for the persistence of intact proviruses, we also observed intact proviruses in CNS tissue sections, particularly in the basal ganglia. Multi-compartment dissemination of clonal intact and defective proviral sequences occurred across multiple anatomical tissues, including the CNS, and evidence for the clonal proliferation of HIV-1-infected cells was found in the basal ganglia, in the frontal lobe, in the thalamus and in periventricular white matter. Deep analysis of HIV-1 reservoirs in distinct tissues will be informative for advancing HIV-1 cure strategies.
Extraction and characterisation of pigment from Yanzhiguo [Prunus napaulensis (Ser.) Steud.]
Authors: Shi Pingping , Luo Haibo , Huang Qiuqiu , Xu Changliang , Tong Xiuzi , Shen Hui , Su Huosheng , Pu Hongmei , Wang Haidan , Yu Lijuan , Li Hong
Published: August 2023

Yanzhiguo [Prunus napaulensis (Ser.) Steud] belongs to Rosaceae family and is consumed as wild fruit, pulp and juice. However, its potential for extracting natural pigment has not yet been explored. Herein, the components in the fresh Yanzhiguo pulp were preliminarily analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. And, the optimal pre-treatment conditions were established for further extraction of Yanzhiguo pigment based on the a* value. Then, by combining the data from single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, the optimal extraction process was established as: 35% EtOH, a liquid-solid ratio of 200:1 mL g−1, an extraction time of 65 min, and an extraction temperature of 100 °C. Moreover, it was found that the a* value and yield had high fitness except when extracted into ethanol (EtOH) with different concentrations. Meanwhile, our result demonstrated Yanzhiguo pigment had high stability in general environments with carmine (a synthetic pigment) as control, except for extreme environments such as direct (hot) sunlight, high temperature (75 °C) and strong alkaline (pH $\geq$ 11). Also, Yanzhiguo pigment exhibited good antioxidant activity. Our results contribute to more information on Yanzhiguo pigment and promote its application by providing efficient extraction technology.
A new species of Trichoglottis (Orchidaceae) from eastern Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Yudistira Yuda R. , Mustaqim Wendy Achmmad , Idris Abdul R.
Published: August 2023

Trichoglottis najibii Yudistira & Mustaqim is described here as a species new to science based on a specimencollected from eastern Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. The most unique characteristics of this species are thethe labellum’s lateral lobes adnate to the column and the 8–9 mm long cylindric and slightly curving spur. Adetailed description, distribution, habitat and ecology, notes, illustrations, and photographs are provided forthe new species.
Medicamentos biossimilares: da regulação à promoção do desenvolvimento tecnológico e inovativo pela ANVISA
Authors: Vilha Anapatricia Oliveira Morales , Favale Cátia , Nachiluk Katia , Gambôa Carlos Antonio Medeiros , Cano Catarina de Oliveira , Ferreira Fábio
Published: August 2023

A questão que norteou este estudo é a compreensão do papel da agência reguladora brasileira, Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) como promotora do desenvolvimento tecnológico e da inovação para além da sua principal atividade como agente regulador. O desenvolvimento econômico está atrelado ao desenvolvimento social, são elementos que sinalizam a necessidade do Estado neste estudo caracterizado pela agência reguladora ANVISA. Foi escolhido o recorte para medicamentos biossimilares por sua característica tecnológica, interesse econômico e social. Uma contextualização sobre a nova configuração de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) das indústrias farmacêuticas, em razão das novas tecnologias e da própria concepção de um medicamento biológico tem atribuído uma nova dinâmica e importância a seus diferentes atores, como as agências reguladoras. Na revisão bibliográfica foi usado o modelo evolucionário proposto por Keynes balizado na Teoria da Captura e nas concepções do Estado Empreendedor. Como fonte de dados secundários os dados de gestão divulgados pela própria ANVISA, artigos sobre Biossimilares e os caminhos regulatórios usados em outros países. Por fim, foram coletados dados primários, resultado de entrevistas com ex-servidores da ANVISA. Três eixos de análise foram criados para conectar dados e avaliar resultados e compreendem: o Estado regulador e seu posicionamento sob a perspectiva da Teoria da Captura; o Estado promotor do desenvolvimento tecnológico e da inovação; e requerimentos regulatórios, tecnológicos dos medicamentos biomissimilares e o potencial de atuação da ANVISA. Os resultados demonstram que a ANVISA exerce, de forma indireta, o papel de promotora do desenvolvimento tecnológico e da inovação, o que pode ser compreendido como estímulo ao P&D.
Diagnostic Efficacy of Transrectal Ultrasound vs Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Carcinoma Prostate: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lohith K , Gowda Vinaya Manohara , Satish Sanjana
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The high incidence and increasing awareness of prostate cancer, along with ongoing development of new and improved treatment methods have generated considerable need for imaging techniques that allow for accurate detection and staging of tumour prior to treatment. Aim: To compare the findings of Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and localisation of carcinoma prostate. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Mysore Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India from April 2018 to June 2019. This study included 43 male patients, with age ranging from 49 to 76 years. They underwent TRUS, MRI and TRUS guided 12- core biopsies after being suspected with prostate cancer based on high Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) values (greater than 4.0 ng/mL) or abnormal Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) findings. A cross table was used to compare the histopathology results, TRUS and MRI findings, from which sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated. Results: Total of 43 male patients were included with mean age of 64.8 years. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of TRUS for detection of malignancy was 69.70, 80, 92 and 44.44 respectively and for MRI, it was 87.88%, 70%, 90.63% and 63.64% respectively. In addition, MRI detected lymphadenopathy in three patients and skeletal metastasis in four patients. Conclusion: MRI can improve the false negative biopsies resulting due to the inability of TRUS in the detection of abnormal areas, by showing the exact area of abnormality.
Evaluation of Intracranial Abnormalities by Transcranial Ultrasound in Neonates- An Observational Study
Authors: Vachhani Anand , Tarafdar Devasish , Trivedi Anjana , Gill Sovia
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Intracranial abnormalities include hydrocephalus, intracranial haemorrhage and related hypoxic-ischemic damage, for which diagnosis can be confirmed by the transcranial ultrasound. Apart from this, transcranial ultrasound may also be helpful in screening of suspected intracranial infections and tumour. Various studies have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of transcranial ultrasound in detecting various intracranial abnormalities. Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intracranial abnormalities in neonates. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, SBKS MIRC Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia, Vadodara from February 2019 to August 2020. Forty neonates with abnormal neurological presentation were included in the study and detailed data regarding prenatal, perinatal and postnatal period was obtained from parents and entered in questionnaire. Length, weight was noted. Further, all the neonates were subjected to relevant blood investigations such as Complete Blood Count (CBC), blood glucose and other investigations depending upon the clinical findings. All the neonates were then subjected to transcranial ultrasonography. Results: In present study, mean gestational age of 40 neonates was 35.38±3.59. Male preponderance was noted in present study with male:female ratio of 2.08:1. Mean birth weight of neonates was 2.11±0.60. Most common mode of delivery was vaginal in 57.5% cases followed by Lower (uterine) Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) in 27.5% cases. Antenatally, steroids are given in only 25% of the cases in present study. Most common clinical manifestation was seizures and lethargy. Transcranial ultrasound revealed germinal matrix hemorrhage in majority of neonates. Conclusion: Transcranial ultrasound is recommended in every high risk neonate as a first line modality to assess the presence of intracranial abnormalities and for timely referral to higher- centres. It is quick, inexpensive, portable, non invasive and free from ionising radiation.
On the Norms of Toeplitz Matrices with the Generalized Oresme Numbers
Authors: Aktaş Sevda , Soykan Yüksel
Published: August 2023

In this article, we present results on Toeplitz matrices with Oresme numbers components. First, the Toeplitz matrices with Oresme numbers components are created and then the Frobenius(Euclidian), row and column norms of these matrices are found. Furthermore lower and upper bounds are obtained for the spectral norms of these matrices. In addition, the upper bounds for the Frobenius and spectral norms of the Kronecker and Hadamard product matrices of the Toeplitz matrices with the Oresme numbers are calculated.
Depression and Quality of Life among Urban Elderly in Dhaka City during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mahmood Tarim , Mahmud Tasnim , Tripty Nabila Nusrat
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study was conducted with the aim to determine whether there was any association between depression and quality of life among the urban elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This study was conducted across some urban areas of Dhaka city namely Gulshan, Niketan and Mohakhali areas. 91 respondents aged 60 years and above residing in urban areas were interviewed once at one point in time. All the information was to be collected within the time frame. Hence the most appropriate study design in this case would be cross-sectional study design. The duration for the thesis work was 1 year, from 1st January to 31st December 2020. Method of sampling was convenient method of sampling. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and telephone interview.

Results: In case of clinical characteristics, elderly people aged 60 years and above participated. Mean age was 66.42 (SD± 5.106) years. Minimum and maximum age was respectively 60 years and 80 years. Among the 91 respondents, 48 (52.7%) were males and 43 (47.3%) were females. It is found that, 64 (70.3%) were married, 1 (1.1%) was unmarried, 24 (26.4%) were widowed, 2 (2.2%) were divorced. Of all the respondents, 34.1% were graduates and 24.2% were post graduates. Majority of respondents (84.6%) were the followers of Islam, followed by (11%) Hindus. Here, among the 91 respondents, some of them had only one disease, whereas some of them had more than one disease. To explain, 56 (31.8%) had Hypertension, 55 (31.3%) people had Diabetes Mellitus, 32 (18.2%) had cardiac problems, 13 (7.4%) suffered from stroke, 11 (6.3%) had chronic lung disease, 7 (4.0%) suffered from chronic kidney disease, 1 (0.6%) had cancer, and 1 (0.6%) had Alzheimer’s disease. In case of association between depression and psychological domain of quality of life, the highest mean score was found within those who had no depression (M=63.93), followed by mild depression (M=48.95), then moderate depression (M=40.71) and lastly severe depression (M=33.80). To see the impact of level of depression on psychological domain of quality of life, one-way between group ANOVA was conducted. There was statistically significant difference at p<0.05 in QOL for levels of depression: F (3, 87) = 14.019, p=0.00.
The Impact of Quantitative Tools of Monetary Policy on the Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria (1986-2019)
Authors: Okonkwo Jisike Jude , Wisdom Okere , Okoye John Nonso
Published: August 2023

The goal of this study is to provide empirical evidence about the impact of commercial bank Treasury bill subscription, monetary policy rate, liquidity ratio, and cash reserve ratio on the profitability of Nigerian deposit money banks. The ex post facto research design was adopted for this investigation. Ordinary Least Square was utilized for a regression analysis of the data. According to the results, there is a strong correlation between treasury bills subscription and private sector lending. The research found that the cash reserve ratio correlates highly with private sector lending. The research suggests that the Nigerian government implement measures that would assist deposit money institutions in the country to enhance their lending facilities, particularly for the private sector. To make bank borrowing appealing and inexpensive for investors, the monetary authority must also appropriately handle the quantitative instruments of monetary policy.
Race and Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sayegh Nicolas , Swami Umang , Jo Yeonjung , Gebrael Georges , Haaland Benjamin , Gupta Shilpa , Plets Melissa , Hussain Maha H. A. , Quinn David I. , Lara Primo N. , Thompson Ian M. , Agarwal Neeraj
Published: August 2023

Importance

Black patients present with more aggressive disease and experience higher mortality than White patients with prostate cancer. Race and social determinants of health influence prostate cancer-specific mortality and overall survival (OS); however, in a previous trial, Black patients did not have inferior outcomes compared with White patients, possibly because of equitable access to care available in a clinical trial setting.

Objective

To compare differences in survival outcomes of patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) by race in a phase 3 trial with a large proportion of Black patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This secondary analysis of patient-level data of a prospective phase 3 randomized clinical trial included patients with newly diagnosed mCSPC enrolled between March 1, 2013, and July 15, 2017. Analysis was conducted between December 2022 and February 2023.

Interventions

Patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy were randomized (1:1) to receive either orteronel 300 mg orally twice daily (experimental group) or bicalutamide 50 mg orally daily (control group).

Main Outcomes and Measures

OS, with progression-free survival (PFS) as a secondary end point.

Results

Among 1313 participants, 135 (10%) identified as Black and 1077 (82%) as White, with an equal racial distribution between groups. Black patients were younger (median [IQR] age, 65.8 [60-70] vs 68.4 [62.5-74.1] years; P = .001) and had a higher median (IQR) baseline prostate-specific antigen response rate than White patients (54.7 [19.8-222.0] vs 26.7 [9.2-96.0] ng/mL; P < .001). At a median follow-up of 4.9 years, Black and White patients had similar median PFS (2.3 years; 95% CI, 1.8-1.4 years vs 2.9 years; 95% CI, 2.5-3.3 years; P = .71) and OS (5.5 years; 95% CI, 4.8-NR vs 6.3 years; 95% CI, 5.7-NR; P = .65). The multivariable analysis confirmed similar PFS and OS after adjusting for known prognostic factors. No interaction between race and treatment was observed.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial studying androgen deprivation therapy with first- or second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitors, both Black and White patients demonstrated similar OS and PFS. Equitable access to care may reduce historical differences in outcomes between Black and White patients with advanced prostate cancer.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01809691
A Redox Modulatory SOD Mimetic Nanozyme Prevents the Formation of Cytotoxic Peroxynitrite and Improves Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Geethika Motika , Singh Namrata , Kumar Sagar , Kumar Somanathapura K. Naveen , Mugesh Govindasamy
Published: August 2023

The endothelium‐derived signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) in addition to controlling multifarious servo‐regulatory functions, suppresses key processes in vascular lesion formation and prevents atherogenesis and other vascular abnormalities. The conversion of NO into cytotoxic and powerful oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in a superoxide (O2.−)‐rich environment has emerged as a major reason for reduced NO levels in vascular walls, leading to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. So, designing superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics that can selectively catalyze the dismutation of O2.− in the presence of NO, considering their rapid reaction is challenging and is of therapeutic relevance. Herein, the authors report that SOD mimetic cerium vanadate (CeVO4) nanozymes effectively regulate the bioavailability of both NO and O2.−, the two vital constitutive molecules of vascular endothelium, even in the absence of cellular SOD enzyme. The nanozymes optimally modulate the O2.− level in endothelial cells under oxidative stress conditions and improve endogenously generated NO levels by preventing the formation of ONOO−. Furthermore, nanoparticles exhibit size‐ and morphology‐dependent uptake into the cells and internalize via the clathrin‐mediated endocytosis pathway. Intravenous administration of CeVO4 nanoparticles in mice caused no definite organ toxicity and unaltered haematological and biochemical parameters, indicating their biosafety and potential use in biological applications.
Advancing Energy Harvesting Efficiency from a Single Droplet: A Mechanically Guided 4D Printed Elastic Hybrid Droplet‐Based Electricity Generator
Authors: Kam Dongik , Gwon Girak , Jang Sunmin , Yoo Donghyeon , Park Sung Jea , La Moonwoo , Choi Dongwhi
Published: August 2023

A droplet possesses the ubiquity and potential to harvest a vast amount of energy. To exploit droplets effectively, a novel output enhancement strategy that can coexist and create synergy with the recently studied droplet‐based electricity generator (DEG) and material/surface structure modification must be investigated. In this study, a mechanical buckling‐based 4D printed elastic hybrid droplet‐based electricity generator (HDEG) consisting of a DEG and solid–solid triboelectric nanogenerator (S–S TENG) is first presented. During the electricity generation process of the DEG by droplet impact, the HDEG structure, which is merged via a simple 4D printing technique, permits the conversion of dissipated energy into elastic energy, resulting in an S–S TENG output. The HDEG outputs are naturally integrated owing to the simultaneous activation of a single droplet, resulting in an approximately 30% improvement over the output of a single DEG. Internal and external parametric studies are performed as HDEG design guidelines. The HDEG exhibits a 25% better energy supply performance than that of a single DEG, demonstrating its applicability as a power source. This research proposes the way toward a hybrid system that efficiently harvests energy from ubiquitous droplets.
Recent Progress of Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Wang Zan , Gu Yunjiao , Li Xiaoman , Liu Yan , Liu Fenghua , Wu Weiping
Published: August 2023

Infrared (IR) technology plays a significant role in many application scenarios, such as satellite remote sensing, environmental monitoring, biomedical engineering, imaging, communications, and so on. Demands of the next generation IR photodetectors, including ease of fabricaation, low cost, high flexibility, and so on, greatly drive the development of colloidal IR quantum dots (QDs) as the most competitive candidate material for IR photodetectors. In this article, the progress of IR QD materials and photodetectors, the fundamentals of IR QDs, the integration of IR QDs with other materials for hybrid photodetectors, and the applications of the QD IR photodetectors are reviewed.
A Mosaic Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicits Potent Mucosal Immune Response with Significant Cross‐Protection Activity against Multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 Sublineages
Authors: Zhang Xiantao , Wu Shijian , Liu Jie , Chen Ran , Zhang Yongli , Lin Yingtong , Xi Zhihui , Deng Jieyi , Pu Zeyu , Liang Chaofeng , Feng Jinzhu , Li Rong , Lin Keming , Zhou Mo , Liu Yingying , Zhang Xu , Liu Bingfeng , Zhang Yiwen , He Xin , Zhang Hui
Published: August 2023

Because of the rapid mutation and high airborne transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2, a universal vaccine preventing the infection in the upper respiratory tract is particularly urgent. Here, a mosaic receptor‐binding domain (RBD) nanoparticle (NP) vaccine is developed, which induces more RBD‐targeted type IV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and exhibits broad cross‐protective activity against multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 sublineages including the newly‐emerged BF.7, BQ.1, XBB. As several T‐cell‐reactive epitopes, which are highly conserved in sarbecoviruses, are displayed on the NP surface, it also provokes potent and cross‐reactive cellular immune responses in the respiratory tissue. Through intranasal delivery, it elicits robust mucosal immune responses and full protection without any adjuvants. Therefore, this intranasal mosaic NP vaccine can be further developed as a pan‐sarbecovirus vaccine to block the viral entrance from the upper respiratory tract.
High‐Density Nanopore Confined Vortical Dipoles and Magnetic Domains on Hierarchical Macro/Meso/Micro/Nano Porous Ultra‐Light Graphited Carbon for Adsorbing Electromagnetic Wave
Authors: Huang Wenhuan , Zhang Xingxing , Chen Jiamin , Qiu Qiang , Kang Yifan , Pei Ke , Zuo Shouwei , Zhang Jincang , Che Renchao
Published: August 2023

Atomic‐level structural editing is a promising way for facile synthesis and accurately constructing dielectric/magnetic synergistic attenuated hetero‐units in electromagnetic wave absorbers (EWAs), but it is hard to realize. Herein, utilizing the rapid explosive volume expansion of the CoFe‐bimetallic energetic metallic triazole framework (CoFe@E‐MTF) during the heat treatment, the effective absorption bandwidth and the maximum absorption intensity of a series of atomic CoFe‐inserted hierarchical porous carbon (CoFe@HPC) EWAs can be modified under the diverse synthetic temperature. Under the filler loading of 15 wt%, the fully covered X and Ku bands at 3 and 2.5 mm for CoFe@HPC800 and the superb minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −53.15 dB and specific reflection loss (SRL) of −101.24 dB mg−1 mm−1 for CoFe@HPC1000 are achieved. More importantly, the single‐atomic chemical bonding among Co─Fe on the nanopores is captured by extended X‐ray absorption fine structure, which reveals the formation mechanism of nanopore‐confined vortical dipoles and magnetic domains. This work heralds the infinite possibilities of atomic editing EWA in the future.
An effective strategy to boost hydrogen separation performance through stable mixed proton‐electron conducting membrane
Authors: Luo Jiaming , Wang Zishuo , Li Yong , Gao Jing , Li Huimin , Norby Truls , Ku Xiaoke , Chen Xinzhi
Published: August 2023

Hydrogen separation and purification are key to widespread application of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen permeable membranes based on lanthanum tungstate (LWO) attract attention due to favorable mechanical strength and chemical stability. However, industrial application of LWO‐based membranes has remained challenging because of modest hydrogen permeances. Here we report a novel graded porous supported symmetric (GPSS) LWO‐based membrane with improved transport properties, gas exchange dynamics, and operational stability, boosting stable hydrogen flux by several times over previously reported state‐of‐the‐art membranes.
Spontaneous splenic rupture due to occult signet‐ring cell gastric cancer accompanied by a bulky splenic vein thrombosis and postoperative brain infarction: A case report
Authors: Asada Shimpei , Mori Shusuke , Takemoto Akira , Tamura Kazuhiro , Ito Go , Otomo Yasuhiro
Published: August 2023

Background

Splenic rupture because of metastasis from a distant organ is extremely rare.

Case Presentation

An 80‐year‐old man presented with left flank pain. A computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a poorly enhanced enlarged spleen with bulky thrombus in the splenic vein without extravasations. A CT on the following day showed increased intraperitoneal hemorrhage; therefore, an emergency laparotomy was performed. The spleen was enlarged and ruptured with lacerations on its surface. Macroscopic examination showed congestion with a thrombus in the splenic vein around the hilum. Pathology revealed signet‐ring cell carcinoma. On the third postoperative day, a massive cerebral infarction in the left middle cerebral artery was revealed. Endoscopic examination demonstrated normal gastric mucosa except for some erosions, for which biopsies were performed, and two of five specimens encompassed signet‐ring cell carcinoma in the lamina propria.

Conclusion

Occult cancer could result in a drastic manifestation of its metastasis accompanying systemic thrombotic events.
Research progress and applications of genome‐wide association study in farm animals
Authors: Tan Xiaodong , He Zhengxiao , Fahey Alan G. , Zhao Guiping , Liu Ranran , Wen Jie
Published: August 2023

Exploring the genetic loci underlying economic traits is foundational for innovation in modern animal breeding technology. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been valid and commonly used tools to dissect the genomic variants associated with phenotypes for the past ∼20 years and have contributed to our understanding of genetic and molecular bases of various traits. Here, we comprehensively review the recent research progress on GWAS methods. We highlight the methodological advancements enabled by the combination of new proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, and metagenome information and multi‐omics analysis algorithms. The advances in GWAS investigations of chickens, pigs, cattle, and other animals during the last 5 years are also described. Finally, we discuss the current applications of GWAS in cutting‐edge breeding technologies and overall future perspectives of the post‐GWAS era.
Associations between prediagnostic aspirin use and ovarian tumor gene expression
Authors: Sasamoto Naoko , Stewart Paul A. , Wang Tianyi , Thompson Zachary J. , Yoder Sean J. , Hecht Jonathan L. , Cleveland John L. , Conejo‐Garcia Jose , Fridley Brooke L. , Terry Kathryn L. , Tworoger Shelley S.
Published: August 2023

Background

Aspirin use has been associated with reduced ovarian cancer risk, yet the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. To gain mechanistic insights, we assessed the association between prediagnosis low and regular‐dose aspirin use and gene expression profiles in ovarian tumors.

Methods

RNA sequencing was performed on high‐grade serous, poorly differentiated, and high‐grade endometrioid ovarian cancer tumors from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and New England Case–Control Study (n = 92 cases for low, 153 cases for regular‐dose aspirin). Linear regression identified differentially expressed genes associated with aspirin use, adjusted for birth decade and cohort. False discovery rates (FDR) were used to account for multiple testing and gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify biological pathways.

Results

No individual genes were significantly differentially expressed in ovarian tumors in low or regular‐dose aspirin users accounting for multiple comparisons. However, current versus never use of low‐dose aspirin was associated with upregulation of immune pathways (e.g., allograft rejection, FDR = 5.8 × 10−10; interferon‐gamma response, FDR = 2.0 × 10−4) and downregulation of estrogen response pathways (e.g., estrogen response late, FDR = 4.9 × 10−8). Ovarian tumors from current regular aspirin users versus never users were also associated with upregulation in interferon pathways (FDR <1.5 × 10−4) and downregulation of multiple extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture pathways (e.g., ECM organization, 4.7 × 10−8).

Conclusion

Our results suggest low and regular‐dose aspirin may impair ovarian tumorigenesis in part via enhancing adaptive immune response and decreasing metastatic potential supporting the likely differential effects on ovarian carcinogenesis and progression by dose of aspirin.
3D Self‐Supported Catalyst with Multiple Active Components for Efficient Neutral Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guan Yonghui , Dong Lin , Qiu Luchun , Yan Ping , Yu Xin‐Yao
Published: August 2023

Up to now, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are mainly investigated in strong acidic/alkaline electrolytes. However, the HER in extreme conditions shows several drawbacks, including the corrosion of electrolyzer, water pollution, and the use of expensive anion/cation exchange membranes. The HER in neutral media is desirable to address these issues. Nevertheless, the neutral HER still faces a great challenge due to its slow kinetics. Herein, we report a plasma‐assisted approach to synthesize an efficient electrocatalyst (denoted as 3D P−Mo−NiFe LDH) with multiple active components (Ni nanoparticles, Ni3Mo alloy nanoparticles, oxygen vacancies, and molybdate‐incorporated NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheets) supported on Cu2+1O nanorod array for neutral HER. The 3D hierarchical nanostructure can endow the catalyst with enhanced mass transfer and more exposed active sites, while the multiple active components can accelerate the HER kinetics in neutral media. As expected, the 3D P−Mo−NiFe LDH exhibits outstanding HER activity (24 mV@10 mA cm−2) and excellent stability (up to 200 h) in 1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS).
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Revolution and Intervention Using TRIZ S‐curve Analysis for Automotive System Innovation
Authors: Abdul Rahim Zulhasni , Iqbal Muhammad Saqib
Published: August 2023

The global energy industrial sector is focused on and committed to supporting clean energy usage and reducing or eliminating the emission of greenhouse gases by 2050. The most preferred technological energy source is the hydrogen‐based energy source of the future. This study investigates challenges in the context of technical and non‐technical perspectives using one of the tools under the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ). The TRIZ tool called S‐curve analysis helps assess the technological maturity of the hydrogen fuel cell at four stages: infant, growth, mature and decline, using specific indicators developed by the founder of TRIZ, Genrich Altshuller. The application of TRIZ expands the intervention strategies to successfully accelerate the development of hydrogen fuel cell technology towards the growth stage. Here, an S‐curve analysis application will be applied on the hydrogen fuel cell technologies patented in the selected country as a case study in automotive system innovation. The data of patent mapping can support the recommendations presented by TRIZ S‐curve analysis, and a proposal of intervention has been delivered to improve the growth of targeted country energy sectors through the strategic initiative of automotive technology evolution and revolution of the hydrogen fuel cell.
Combining Molecular Quantum Mechanical Modeling and Machine Learning for Accelerated Reaction Screening and Discovery
Authors: Casetti Nicholas , Alfonso‐Ramos Javier E. , Coley Connor W. , Stuyver Thijs
Published: August 2023

Molecular quantum mechanical modeling, accelerated by machine learning, has opened the door to high‐throughput screening campaigns of complex properties, such as the activation energies of chemical reactions and absorption/emission spectra of materials and molecules; in silico. Here, we present an overview of the main principles, concepts, and design considerations involved in such hybrid computational quantum chemistry/machine learning screening workflows, with a special emphasis on some recent examples of their successful application. We end with a brief outlook of further advances that will benefit the field.
Climate‐driven shifts in leaf senescence are greater for boreal species than temperate species in the Acadian Forest region in contrast to leaf emergence shifts
Authors: Spafford Lynsay , MacDougall Andrew , Steenberg James
Published: August 2023

The Acadian Forest Region is a temperate‐boreal transitional zone in eastern North America which provides a unique opportunity for understanding the potential effects of climate change on both forest types. Leaf phenology, the timing of leaf life cycle changes, is an important indicator of the biological effects of climate change, which can be observed with stationary timelapse cameras known as phenocams. Using four growing seasons of observations for the species Acer rubrum (red maple), Betula papyrifera (paper/white birch) and Abies balsamea (balsam fir) from the Acadian Phenocam Network as well as multiple growing season observations from the North American PhenoCam Network we parameterized eight leaf emergence and six leaf senescence models for each species which span a range in process and driver representation. With climate models from the Fifth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) we simulated future leaf emergence, senescence and season length (senescence minus emergence) for these species at sites within the Acadian Phenocam Network. Model performances were similar across models and leaf emergence model RMSE ranged from about 1 to 2 weeks across species and models, while leaf senescence model RMSE ranged from about 2 to 4 weeks. The simulations suggest that by the late 21st century, leaf senescence may become continuously delayed for boreal species like Betula papyrifera and Abies balsamea, though remain relatively stable for temperate species like Acer rubrum. In contrast, the projected advancement in leaf emergence was similar across boreal and temperate species. This has important implications for carbon uptake, nutrient resorption, ecology and ecotourism for the Acadian Forest Region. More work is needed to improve predictions of leaf phenology for the Acadian Forest Region, especially with respect to senescence. Phenocams have the potential to rapidly advance process‐based model development and predictions of leaf phenology in the context of climate change.
Co‐Catalyzed Metal‐Ligand Cooperative Approach for N‐alkylation of Amines and Synthesis of Quinolines via Dehydrogenative Alcohol Functionalization
Authors: Mondal Sucheta , Pal Subhasree , Khanra Subhankar , Chakraborty Santana , Paul Nanda D.
Published: August 2023

Herein we report a cobalt‐catalyzed sustainable approach for C−N cross‐coupling reaction between amines and alcohols. Using a well‐defined Co‐catalyst 1 a bearing 2‐(phenyldiazenyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline ligand, various N‐alkylated amines were synthesized in good yields. 1 a efficiently alkylates diamines producing N, N′‐dialkylated amines in good yields and showed excellent chemoselectivity when oleyl alcohol and β‐citronellol, containing internal carbon‐carbon double bond were used as alkylating agents. 1 a is equally compatible with synthesizing N‐heterocycles via dehydrogenative coupling of amines and alcohols. 1H‐Indole was synthesized via an intramolecular dehydrogenative N‐alkylation reaction, and various substituted quinolines were synthesized by coupling of 2‐aminobenzyl alcohol and secondary alcohols. A few control reactions and spectroscopic experiments were conducted to illuminate the plausible reaction mechanism, indicating that the 1 a‐catalyzed N‐alkylation proceeds through the borrowing hydrogen pathway. The coordinated arylazo ligand participates actively throughout the reaction; the hydrogen eliminated during dehydrogenation of alcohols was set aside in the ligand backbone and subsequently gets transferred in the reductive amination step to imine intermediates yielding N‐alkylated amines. On the other hand, 1 a‐catalyzed quinoline synthesis proceeds through dehydrogenation followed by successive C−C and C−N coupling steps forming H2O2 as a by‐product under air.
Wasserstein‐metric‐based distributionally robust optimization method for unit commitment considering wind turbine uncertainty
Authors: Chen Gengrui , Qi Donglian , Yan Yunfeng , Chen Yulin , Wang Yaxin , Mei Jingcheng
Published: August 2023

The penetration of wind turbines in the power grid is increasing rapidly. Still, the wind turbine output power has uncertainty, leading to poor grid reliability, affecting the grid's dispatching plan, and increasing the total cost. Thus, a distributionally robust optimization method for thermal power unit commitment considering the uncertainty of wind power is proposed. For this method, energy storage and interruptible load are added to simulate increasingly complex electricity consumption scenarios. Furthermore, the amount of load cutting reflects the satisfaction level of electricity consumption on the user side. Based on Wasserstein metric, an ambiguity set is established to reflect the probabilistic distribution information of the wind power uncertainty. An ambiguity set preprocessing method is proposed to depict the probability distribution of ambiguity set more clearly, to minimize the operation cost under the condition that the uncertainty of wind turbine output power obeys the extreme probabilistic distribution of the ambiguity set. The test case in a modified version of the IEEE 6‐bus system shows that the proposed method can flexibly adjust the robustness and economy of optimization decisions by controlling the sample size and the confidence of Wasserstein ambiguity set radius. In addition, the proposed ambiguity set preprocessing method can obtain more economical dispatching decisions with a smaller sample size.