bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid-Induced Attenuation of the Inflammatory Response in Zebrafish
Authors: Chatzopoulou Antonia , Heijmans Jeroen P. M. , Burgerhout Erik , Oskam Nienke , Spaink Herman P. , Meijer Annemarie H. , Schaaf Marcel J. M.
Published: May 2016

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that are secreted upon stress. Their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor, which acts as a transcription factor. Because the antiinflammatory activity of glucocorticoids has been well established, they are widely used clinically to treat many inflammatory and immune-related diseases. However, the exact specificity, mechanisms, and level of regulation of different inflammatory pathways have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, a tail fin amputation assay was used in 3-day-old zebrafish larvae to study the immunomodulatory effects of the synthetic glucocorticoid beclomethasone. First, a transcriptome analysis was performed, which showed that upon amputation mainly immune-related genes are regulated. This regulation was inhibited by beclomethasone for 86% of regulated genes. For two immune-related genes, tlr4bb and alox5ap, the amputation-induced increase was not attenuated by beclomethasone. Alox5ap is involved in eicosanoid biosynthesis, but the increase in leukotriene B4 concentration upon amputation was abolished, and lipoxin A4 levels were unaffected by beclomethasone. Furthermore, we studied the migration of neutrophils and macrophages toward the wound site. Our results show that amputation induced migration of both types of leukocytes and that this migration was dependent on de novo protein synthesis. Beclomethasone treatment attenuated the migratory behavior of neutrophils in a glucocorticoid receptor-dependent manner but left the migration of macrophages unaffected. In conclusion, beclomethasone has a dramatic inhibitory effect on the amputation-induced proinflammatory gene regulation, and this is reflected in an inhibition of the neutrophil migration but not the migration of macrophages, which are likely to be involved in inflammation resolution.
The Evolution of Dialogues: A Quantitative Study of Russian Novels (1830–1900)
Authors: Sobchuk Oleg
Published: May 2016

The main question posed in the article is, was the historical development of the novel characterized by an increase in the quantity of dialogues? To test whether this is true, the author conducted a quantitative study of four hundred Russian novels of the nineteenth century. Using the “coefficient of dialogic liveliness” — a measure suggested by Boris Yarkho in the 1930s — this article suggests an answer in the affirmative. In addition, it attempts to answer three subsequent questions: (1) Why did the number of dialogues increase? (2) Why was this increase not linear? (3) Why did some of the highly dialogic Russian novels appear already at the beginning of the nineteenth century? The first problem is explained by some psychological features of readers' perceptions of dialogues. The second problem is answered by the theory of evolution. The third problem is solved by a brief analysis of the historical context of the epoch.
Physiological profiles associated with ceasing growth of unfertilized eggs produced by unmated queens in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes chinensis
Authors: Li Ganghua , Liu Long , Sun Pengdong , Wu Yao , Lei Chaoliang , Chen Xiongwen , Huang Qiuying
Published: May 2016

In Reticulitermes chinensis, a close relative of R.speratus with asexual queen succession, unfertilized eggs can be produced but do not hatch as larvae. To explain this phenomenon, we analyzed the physiological differences between unfertilized eggs/unmated queens and fertilized eggs/mated queens. Fertilized eggs had significantly lower quantities of five amino acids (Cys, Met, Ile, Leu and Tyr), Ca, protein and cholesterol during development. The higher levels of four trace elements (Na, K, Zn and Fe) in fertilized eggs and their lower levels in mated queens indicated that mated queens might transfer these trace elements to fertilized eggs to aid development. The higher levels of Mn, triglycerides and serotonin in mated queens and higher levels of Mn and glucose in fertilized eggs suggested that these substances are very important for normal ovarian and embryonic growth. The different expression of three reproductive genes (vtg 1, rab 11 and JHE 1) suggested that they might be involved in the regulation of ovarian and embryonic growth. Overall, changes in these physiological indices may substantially affect ovarian and embryonic growth and inhibit development of unfertilized eggs in R. chinensis.
Metabolomics reveals significant variations in metabolites and correlations regarding the maturation of walnuts (Juglans regia L.)
Authors: Rao Guodong , Sui Jinkai , Zhang Jianguo
Published: May 2016

The content of walnut metabolites is related to its nutritive value and physiological characteristics, however, comprehensive information concerning the metabolome of walnut kernels is limited. In this study we analyzed the metabolites of walnut kernels at five developmental stages from filling to ripening using GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics; of a total 252 peaks identified, 85 metabolites were positively identified. Further statistical analysis revealed that these 85 metabolites covered different types of metabolism pathways. PCA scores revealed that the metabolic compositions of the embryo are different at each stage, while the metabolic composition of the endotesta could not be significantly separated into distinct groups. Additionally, 7225 metabolite-metabolite correlations were detected in walnut kernel by a Pearson correlation coefficient approach; during screening of the calculated correlations, 463 and 1047 were determined to be significant with r2≥0.49 and had a false discovery rate (FDR) ≤0.05 in endotesta and embryo, respectively. This work provides the first comprehensive metabolomic study of walnut kernels and reveals that most of the carbohydrate and protein-derived carbon was transferred into other compounds, such as fatty acids, during the maturation of walnuts, which may potentially provide the basis for further studies on walnut kernel metabolism.
SMN and coilin negatively regulate dyskerin association with telomerase RNA
Authors: Poole Aaron R. , Hebert Michael D.
Published: May 2016

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein comprising telomerase RNA and associated proteins. The formation of the telomerase holoenzyme takes place in the Cajal body (CB), a subnuclear domain that participates in the formation of ribonucleoproteins. CBs also contribute to the delivery of telomerase to telomeres. The protein WRAP53 is enriched within the CB and is instrumental for the targeting of telomerase RNA to CBs. Two other CB proteins, SMN and coilin, are also suspected of taking part in some aspect of telomerase biogenesis. Here we demonstrate newly discovered associations between SMN and coilin with telomerase components, and further show that reduction of SMN or coilin is correlated with increased association of telomerase RNA with one these components, dyskerin. These findings argue that SMN and coilin may negatively regulate the formation of telomerase. Furthermore, clinically defined SMN mutants found in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy are altered in their association with telomerase complex proteins. Additionally, we observe that a coilin derivative also associates with dyskerin, and the amount of this protein in the complex is regulated by SMN, WRAP53 and coilin levels. Collectively, our findings bolster the link between SMN, coilin and the coilin derivative in the biogenesis of telomerase.
Chemical Changes to Woody Polymers Due to High-Temperature Thermal Treatment Assessed with near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Sandak Jakub , Sandak Anna , Allegretti Ottaviano
Published: May 2016

Near infrared spectroscopy and an original approach for visualisation of spectra are proposed here for characterisation of vacuum thermally modified samples of eight wood species representing softwoods and hardwoods. Significant changes in absorption bands were observed in conjunction with an increase of treatment temperature. A novel method for visualisation of the degradation patterns (xylograms) is capable of highlighting peculiarities in chemical changes to woody polymers due to the thermal treatment. This method also allows observation of kinetics and permits comparison of thermal stability of investigated species. Such knowledge might be helpful for further optimisation of thermal treatment procedures at an industrial scale. Furthermore, xylograms as a simple and illustrative method might be suitable for visualisation of other modification processes of wood as well as of other materials.
H Δημοτική στην «Ιόνιο Ακαδημία». Τα μαθήματα Φυσικής του Σταματέλου Πυλαρινού, 1827
Authors: Ασδραχάς Σπύρος Ι.
Published: May 2016

No abstract
ΒΕΝΙΖΕΛΙΣΜΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΠΑΡΕΛΘΟΝ: ΤΟ ΕΡΓΟ ΤΗΣ ΚΕΝΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΕΠΙΤΡΟΠΗΣ ΕΚΑΤΟΝΤΑΕΤΗΡΙΔΟΣ (1928-1933)
Authors: ΤΡΙΑΝΤΑΦΥΛΛΟΥ ΧΡΗΣΤΟΣ
Published: May 2016

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά.

 
Recent advances in metabolic and bariatric surgery
Authors: Albaugh Vance L. , Flynn C. Robb , Tamboli Robyn A. , Abumrad Naji N.
Published: May 2016

Obesity and its associated medical conditions continue to increase and add significant burden to patients, as well as health-care systems, worldwide. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity and its comorbidities, and resolution of diabetes is weight loss-independent in the case of some operations. Although these weight-independent effects are frequently described clinically, the mechanisms behind them are not well understood and remain an intense area of focus in the growing field of metabolic and bariatric surgery. Perceptions of the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial metabolic effects of metabolic/bariatric operations have shifted from being mostly restrictive and malabsorption over the last 10 to 15 years to being more neuro-hormonal in origin. In this review, we describe recent basic and clinical findings of the major clinical procedures (adjustable gastric banding, vertical sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and biliopancreatic diversion) as well as other experimental procedures (ileal interposition and bile diversion) that recapitulate many of the metabolic effects of these complex operations in a simpler fashion. As the role of bile acids and the gut microbiome on metabolism is becoming increasingly well described, their potential roles in these improvements following metabolic surgery are becoming better appreciated. Bile acid and gut microbiome changes, in light of recent developments, are discussed in the context of these surgical procedures, as well as their implications for future study.
Patient safety: the next 15 years. Part 2
Authors: Tingle John
Published: May 2016

In the second of a two-part column, John Tingle discusses Patient Safety 2030, a report from Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust about the future direction of the patient-safety movement
Northern schools have ‘harder job’ yet face £1,300 funding gap
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: May 2016

Think-tank debunks the myth that Northern schools perform poorly and proposes a ‘Powerhouse Premium’ to end unfair pupil funding
Ensuring high-impact CPD
Authors: Weston David
Published: May 2016

Ahead of the publication of the government's new CPD standards, David Weston looks at how we need to shift our thinking on professional development
Phytochemicals analysis and antibacterial activity of the leaf of red meranti, Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae)
Authors: SUDARAJAT SUDRAJAT , SUSANTO DWI , KARTIKA RUDI
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Sudrajat, Susanto D, Kartika R. 2016. Phytochemicals analysis and antibacterial activity of the leaf of red meranti, Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae). Nusantara Bioscience 8: 111-116. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of the total ethanolic extract and its fractions of red meranti (Shorea leprosula) leaf against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. The ethanolic extract and its fractions were subjected to antibacterial assay using well diffusion technique. Column chromatography was used to purify the active compounds from the mixture, while GC/MS was used to identify the phytocomponents of the fractions. The GC/MS study demonstrated the presence of different types of compounds were 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (65.77%), eicosanoic acid (9.82%), 2-pentadecenone (6.53%), tricosane (5.86%) and hexanedioic acid (4.13%). The result showed that the inhibition zone diameters of the ethanolic extracts ranged from 15.56-16.44 mm against S. aureus, and 15.37-16.56 mm for E. coli, respectively. The total ethanolic extract from red meranti leaf showed a strong category of antibacterial properties against both types of bacteria which were equivalent to antibiotic chloramphenicol. While, the fractions extracts showed that antibacterial activity was lower than total ethanolic extract against Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli. The results obtained from this study justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine and provide leads which could be further exploited for the development of new and potent antibacterial.
Writi ng with the small, smart screen: Mobile phones, automated editing and holding on to creative agency
Authors: Frankham Bettina
Published: May 2016

Media practitioners find themselves in contradictory times. Smartphones that are able to capture highresolution sound and image are facilitating a consistent, abiding and thoughtful practice so that media production is more affordable and ready-at-hand than ever before. At the same time, increasingly sophisticated software is being developed to automate what have previously been considered skilled tasks, such as editing, curating and colour grading. While still an emerging field, these incursions have the potential to pose serious threats to the creative agency of individual moving image-makers. From a first-person practitioner perspective, this article considers how the creative agency of a critically engaged moving-image practice is both enabled and threatened by smartphone production environments. Using the lens of cinécriture, I consider how the full range of production choices becomes part of the expressive tool kit and the importance of making these aspects of creative agency conscious. I argue for the value of conceptual engagement through practice so that the act of participation and making is emphasized, and the significance of human creativity is maintained. Through an examination of the Google Photo Assistant application as an example of a basic automated editing tool, and setting my own approach to moving-image practice in this context, I put forward the case that greater digital literacy is required if practitioners are to maintain satisfactory levels of creative agency.
Restricted three-body problem with stokes drag effect when less massive primary is an ellipsoid
Authors: Idrisi M Javed , Jain Mamta
Published: May 2016

The present paper deals with the effect of Stokes drag force on the existence and stability of collinear and non-collinear libration points in circular restricted three-body problem when less massive primary is an ellipsoid. During the investigation, it is found that there exist five libration points Li (i = 1, 2â€¦ 5) out of which three are collinear and two are non-collinear. We observed that the Stokes drag force does not affect the collinear libration points while non-collinear libration points are affected by it and all the libration points either collinear or non-collinear are unstable in Lyapunov sense for the given range of dissipative constant k and mass parameter Âµ.
Diversity of medicinal plants in homegardens in Tanjung Julu village, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Silalahi Marina
Published: May 2016

Background: The homegardens is a landscape which rich of plants diversity, so it have been used by human to supply of needs.Objective: To documention the medicinal plants in homegardens by local communities in Tanjung Julu village.Methods: the research conducted through ethnobotany approach. We interviwed to 30 informants and explored the 30 homegardens in Tanjung Julu village at August-December 2012.Results: A total 63 the medicinal plants species belonging to 48 genera and 29 families is reported with ethnomedicinal uses to curing the 20 diseases.Those that is used mostly belong to Zingiberaceae (11 species), Rutaceae (8 species), Euphorbiaceae (6 species),and Asteraceae (5 species). The medicinal plants in homegardens are economic commodities (18 species), vegetable (11species), and ornamental (9 species).Conclusions: The medicinal plants in homegardens by local communities in Tanjung Julu villages for subsistence of local households, significantly contribute to conservation of biodiversity.Â
Serum Level of a Soluble Form of Endoglin (CD105) is Decreased after Goeckerman’s Therapy of Psoriasis
Authors: Pohl David , Andrýs Ctirad , Borská Lenka , Fiala Zdeněk , Hamáková Květoslava , Ettler Karel , Krejsek Jan
Published: May 2016

Background. Goeckerman’s therapy (GT) of psoriasis is based on daily application of pharmacy grade coal tar on affected skin with subsequent exposure to UV light. Disturbances in angiogenic activity are characteristic for the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. The aim of study was to evaluate the influence of GT of psoriasis on proinflammatory and angiogenic activities expressed as changes in levels of endoglin (CD105). Methods. Serum levels of a soluble form of endoglin were measured in peripheral blood samples of 38 patients with psoriasis before and after therapy. Sixty three otherwise healthy blood donors serve as a control group. The efficacy of GT was expressed as changes in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Results. PASI score was significantly diminished by GT (p<0.001). Serum levels of soluble CD105 were significantly diminished after GT. The serum level of soluble CD105 dropped from 7.85 ± 2.26 ng/ml before therapy to 7.01 ± 1.71 ng/ml after therapy (p= 0.0002). Compared to serum levels of soluble CD105 in healthy blood donors, serum levels of soluble CD105 in patients before GT were significantly higher (p<0.001) and remained elevated after therapy (p<0.001). Angiogenic activity expressed as serum endoglin is diminished in patients with psoriasis treated by GT.
Nasal Polyposis and Fungal Schizophyllum Commune Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Perić Aleksandar , Vojvodić Danilo , Zolotarevski Lidija , Perić Aneta
Published: May 2016

We present a rare case of eosinophilic fungal rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in a 32-year-old woman caused by basidiomycete fungus Schizophyllum commune. Diagnosis was done by the endoscopic nasal examination, computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses, the histopathological examination of polyps, the presence of eosinophils and fungal hyphae in nasal mucus and by the detection of S. commune by culture. The patient was successfully treated by combination of oral itraconazole and topical corticosteroid therapy combined with surgery. The pathogenesis and diagnosis of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis are also discussed.
Suicide Attempt by Swallowing Sponge or Pica Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Žganjer Vlasta , Žganjer Mirko , Čizmić Ante , Pajić Anto , Župančić Božidar
Published: May 2016

Introduction: There are many ways how children with mental illness have actually tried to hurt themselves. Suicidal thinking or attempts always indicate that professional help is needed (2). Every object which can be potential dangerous should be removed but this is very difficult to do. Some of children with these symptoms had Pica diseases. Pica is a medical disorder characterized by an appetite for substances largely non-nutritive (e.g. metal, coal, soil, feces, paper, soap, gum, etc.) or an abnormal appetite for some things that may be considered foods. Material and Methods: The patient swallow sponge from a pillow over a long period of time and she came into our hospital with abdominal pain. She was 16 years old and had abdominal distension, vomiting, abdominal cramping and failure to pass gas or stool. Immediately we suspected mechanical blockade of the intestine. Diagnosis was clinically confirmed by X-rays of the abdomen and with ultrasound. Results: The operative treatment was indicated and we found the proximal bowel distended and the distal segment collapsed. The part of bowel necrosis was removed and anastomosis was done. Conclusion: When patients are determined to attempt suicide or have Pica disorder it is very difficult to prevent.
Avaliação das condições higiênico-sanitárias em pizzarias na cidade de Marabá, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Martins Dinamar Dos Anjos , Carneiro Juliana Lima , Pereira Josceane Da Cruz , Cordovil Suelane Rodrigues , Da Silva Bruna Almeida
Published: May 2016

Objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias de três pizzarias da cidade de Marabá-PA. Para avaliação dos estabelecimentos A, B e C foi desenvolvido com base nas RDC nº 216 e 275, um check-list composto por 57 perguntas relacionadas aos seguintes itens: I - Edificação, instalações, equipamentos, móveis e utensílios; II - Higienização de instalações, equipamentos, móveis e utensílios; III - Controle integrado de vetores e pragas urbanas; IV - Abastecimento de água; V- Manejo dos resíduos; VI - Manipuladores; VII - Matérias-primas, ingredientes e embalagens. Para a avaliação dos resultados foram utilizados os seguintes critérios:  excelente > 91%; bom ≥ 70 a 90%; regular ≥ 50 a 69%; ruim ≥ 20 a 49% e péssimo < 19%. As pizzarias A, B e C apresentaram os seguintes resultados: item (I) 34%, 96% e 52%; item (II) 40%, 83% e 29%; item (III) 63%, 88% e 25%; item (IV) 70%, 95% e 50%; item (V) 67%, 100% e 59%; item (VI) 63%, 84% e 36%; item (VII) 50%, 93% e 50% respectivamente. Conclui-se que dentre a pizzaria B apresentou os maiores índices de conformidade aos itens analisados e os resultados encontrados nas pizzarias A e C, foram preocupantes, sendo assim, necessário a realização de cursos de boas práticas de fabricação aos manipuladores, para capacita-los conforme as atividades desenvolvidas. Concluiu-se que os estabelecimentos analisados somente um encontra-se em condição higiênico-sanitária adequada, sendo que o comprometimento de todos os envolvidos é uma condição básica para a eficácia na higiene.
Ethical Considerations In Dental Care For People With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Biris Carmen , Bud Eugen , Ormenian Alina , Lazar Ana Petra , Pop Diana , Yero Eremie Lia Maria , Lazar Luminita
Published: May 2016

Developmental disabilities exist in children and adolescents, enabling them to live an independent and self-governing life, requiring special health related services. We are intended to inform dental professionals in planning and implementing a dental treatment for people with developmental disabilities. Cerebral palsy is defined as being a group of motor abnormalities and functional impairments that affect muscle coordination, and characterized by uncontrolled body movements, intellectual disabilities, balance-related abnormalities or seizure disorders. These patients can be successfully treated in normal dental practices, but because they have problems with movements, care must be tailored accordingly. Down syndrome, a very common genetic disorder, is usually associated with different physical and medical problems, intellectual disabilities, and a developmental delay. These patients can be treated with success in dental offices, this way making a difference in the medical care for people with special needs. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Self-injurious behavior, obsessive routines and unpredictable body movements can influence dental care. Because of the coexisting conditions (epilepsy or intellectual disability), one can find this people among the most challenging to treat. There is a need of greater awareness, focus and education in the field of the unique and complex oral health care that people with disabilities need. Making a difference their oral health positively influences an already challenged existence. According to the ethical principles, patients with developmental disabilities should be treated equitably depending on their necessities.
Association Between Sleep Disorder and Increased Body Mass Index in Adult Patients
Authors: Bocicor Andreea Elena , Buicu Gabriela , Sabau Daniela , Varga Andreea , Tilea I , Gabos-Grecu I
Published: May 2016

Introduction and objectives. Obesity is a public health issue, with increasing prevalence and incidence all over the world. Diet and exercise applied in obesity treatment are not always as effective as expected, as there are many other determining factors which can lead to obesity. One of these modifiable factors seem to be sleep disorder. The objective of our study was to test the positive association between the presence of sleep disorder and increased body mass index (BMI).

Material and method. 84 patients were screened in a descriptive cross-sectional study. Each patient completed the adjusted 7 items University of Toronto Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ©). Each affirmative answer was accounted 1 point. The total score was calculated. Mild sleep disorder was considered at 4-5 points, severe sleep disorder at 6 - 7 points. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each patient by the formula weight (Kg)/squared height (m2). We considered increased BMI values greater than 25 kg/m2. The association between the sleep disorder and increased BMI was statistically tested.

Results. We interviewed 84 patients, 32 (38%) men (average age 54 +/− 6.63) and 52 (62%) women (average age 50 +/− 5.26). Mild sleep disorder was present in 36 patients, and severe sleep disorder in 25 patients. We noticed association between sleep disorder and increased BMI (p=0.0064, RR=2.925, 95% CI 1.16-7.36). We observed the risk for increased BMI dependent on the sleep disorder severity.

Conclusions. Sleep disorder is a potentially modifiable risk factor which can be included in obesity therapeutic approach and management. Early diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorder is important in obesity prevention.
A refined bound on the dimension of ℝ
N
for an elliptic system involving critical terms with infinitely many solutions
Authors: Benmouloud Samira , Khiddi Mustapha , Sbaï Simohammed
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we extend the result of Yan and Yang [16] on equations to an elliptic system involving critical Sobolev and Hardy–Sobolev exponents in bounded domains satisfying some geometric condition.
In addition, we weaken the conditions on the dimension N and on the potential

a
⁢

(
x
)

{a(x)}

set in [16]. Our main result asserts, by a variational global-compactness argument, that
the condition on the dimension N can be refined from

N
≥
7

{N\geq 7}

to

N
>

max
⁡

(
4
,

⌊

2
⁢
s

⌋

+
2

)

{N>\max(4,\lfloor 2s\rfloor+2)}

, where

0
<
s
<
2

{0<s<2}

and still end up with infinitely many solutions.
Scrippsiella trochoidea cysts in recent sediments from Amur Bay, Sea of Japan: distribution and phylogeny
Authors: Morozova Tatiana V. , Orlova Tatiana Yu. , Efimova Kseniya V. , Lazaryuk Alexander Yu. , Burov Boris A.
Published: May 2016

A study of vertical distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in recent sediments was conducted for the first time in the Far Eastern seas of Russia. Dinoflagellate cysts were studied in sediment cores retrieved from five stations in Amur Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan) in 2010 and 2013. The Scrippsiella trochoidea complex was the dominant type of cyst, the average proportion of which (in the entire sediment cores) reached 39% of the total cyst abundance. The maximum abundance of S. trochoidea complex reached 5513 cysts g-1 dry sediment. Cysts of the S. trochoidea complex were found to remain viable in the sediments after exposure to sub-zero temperatures. The identification of S. trochoidea in the Far Eastern seas of Russia was first confirmed by using biomolecular genetic analyses. The study of vertical distribution showed that cysts of this species dominate the upper sediment layers (0–10 cm). A tendency for abundance to increase from the shore toward the middle part of the bay was observed in the spatial distribution of cysts.
Using nutritional and oxidative stress to increase content of healthbeneficial fatty acids in oleaginous and non-oleaginous yeasts
Authors: Pádrová Karolína , Kolouchová Irena , Řezanka Tomáš , Čejková Alena
Published: May 2016

Yeast responses to stress conditions include an increase in lipid content and concomitant changes in content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Some fatty acids are among the dietetically important fatty acids and new possibilities are sought for their biotechnological production in addition to those already exploited from marine organisms, nuts and other sources. The possibility of the production of palmitoleic and linoleic acids resulting from new approaches to traditional biotechnologically useful yeast species (
Microwave-assisted continuous reactive distillation process for preparation of ethyl acetate
Authors: Ding Hui , Qi Jin-Long , Gao Yu-Jie , Chen Ru-Ru , Liu She-Jiang , Han Xu
Published: May 2016

As a novel process intensification technology, microwave-assisted continuous reaction distillation (MRD) was proposed for the esterification reaction and separation of ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The effects of reflux ratio, mole ratio of acetic acid (HOAc) to ethanol (EtOH), reboiler duty, microwave power on EtOH conversions, EtOAc purity and mass ratio of distillate to feed (D/F) were explored. In comparison with conventional heating, the experimental results revealed that the EtOAc purity in the distillate under microwave conditions (MC) was improved. Computer simulations for conventional and MRD systems were performed using the Aspen Plus non-equilibrium stage model to substantiate the experimental results. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data, revealing the accuracy and reliability of the non-equilibrium model. This new MRD process can be an effective and productive method of ester production.
A characterization of the grim reaper cylinder
Authors: Martín Francisco , Pérez-García Jesús , Savas-Halilaj Andreas , Smoczyk Knut
Published: May 2016

In this article we prove that a connected and properly embedded translating soliton in

ℝ
3

{{\mathbb{R}^{3}}}

with uniformly bounded genus on compact sets
which is

C
1

{C^{1}}

-asymptotic to two planes outside a cylinder, either is flat or coincide with the grim reaper cylinder.
Computer-aided evaluation of the railway track
geometry on the basis of satellite measurements
Authors: Specht Cezary , Koc Władysław , Chrostowski Piotr
Published: May 2016

In recent years, all over the world there has been
a period of intensive development of GNSS (Global Navigation
Satellite Systems) measurement techniques and their
extension for the purpose of their applications in the field
of surveying and navigation. Moreover, in many countries
a rising trend in the development of rail transportation
systems has been noticed. In this paper, a method of railway
track geometry assessment based on mobile satellite
measurements is presented. The paper shows the implementation
effects of satellite surveying railway geometry.
The investigation process described in the paper is divided
on two phases. The first phase is the GNSS mobile surveying
and the analysis obtained data. The second phase is
the analysis of the track geometry using the flat coordinates
from the surveying. The visualization of the measured
route, separation and quality assessment of the uniform
geometric elements (straight sections, arcs), identification
of the track polygon (main directions and intersection
angles) are discussed and illustrated by the calculation
example within the article.
A boundary-value problem for the equation of mixed type with
generalized operators of fractional differentiation in the boundary conditions
Authors: Repin Oleg A. , Kumykova Svetlana K.
Published: May 2016

The paper is devoted to the study of a boundary-value problem for an equation of mixed type
with generalized operators of fractional differentiation in boundary conditions. We prove uniqueness
of solutions under some restrictions on the known functions and on the
different orders of the operators of generalized fractional differentiation appearing in the boundary
conditions. Existence of solutions is proved by reduction to a Fredholm equation of the second kind,
for which solvability follows from the uniqueness of the solution of our original problem.
Preisindex versus Lebenshaltungskosten index: Substitutionseffekte und ihre Messung / Consumer Price Index versus Cost of Living Index: Substitution Effects and their Measurement
Authors: Neubauer Werner
Published: May 2016

Die „Boskin-Kommission“ hat die Ersetzung des amerikanischen Konsumentenpreisindex (CPI) (Form Laspeyres) durch einen Lebenshaltungskostenindex empfohlen, leider jedoch kein wirklichkeitsadäquates Konzept eines Lebenshaltungskostenindex entwickelt. So empfiehlt sich am Ende doch das Festhalten an einem „echten Preisindex“ (d.h. einem Index, der die Preisentwicklung isoliert). In jedem Falle existiert das Problem der Messung von Substitutionseffekten, sofern sie auftreten. Die herkömmliche Methode der „Kompromißbildung“ zwischen der Gewichtung der Basisperiode und der Berichtsperiode ist aus mehreren Gründen unbefriedigend. Eine in der Literatur wenig beachtete Möglichkeit sind Indexformen mit impliziter Preiselastizität der Mengennachfrage von - 1, d.h. Indizes - arithmetische, harmonische, geometrische - mit konstanten Wertgewichten.
Der Geburteneinbruch in den neuen Bundesländern seit 1990 und einige Hypothesen zu seiner Erklärung / The Fertility Breakdown in East Germany Since 1990 and Some Hypotheses for its Explanation
Authors: Schaich Eberhard
Published: May 2016

In der ehemaligen DDR hat sich seit 1990 bezüglich Fertilität eine dramatische Abwärtsentwicklung ergeben, die im Jahr 1994 zu einer Reproduktionsziffer von nur noch etwa 37% führte. Zur Erklärung wurden die pessimistischen Erwartungen, die neuen Möglichkeiten hochwertigen Konsums und eine schnelle Anpassung der Bevölkerung an das westdeutsche Fertilitätsmuster ins Feld geführt. Die Anpassungshypothese wird sogar neuerdings zur Alleinursache erklärt. In dieser Arbeit wird im einzelnen ausgeführt, warum eine präzise Übernahme des Fertilitätsmusters der ehemaligen Bundesrepublik durch die Bevölkerung der ehemaligen DDR keineswegs gesichert ist. Die Fertilität in den neuen Bundesländern könnte noch längere Zeit hinter der Fertilität in der ehemaligen Bundesrepublik zurückbleiben.
Kartellstabilität bei heterogenen Gütern / Cartel Stability and Product Differentiation
Authors: Hirth Hans
Published: May 2016

Der Beitrag untersucht, bei welcher Marktgröße, bei welcher Kartellgröße und bei welchem Homogenitätsgrad der angebotenen Produkte ein Anbieterkartell intern und extern stabil sein kann. Betrachtet werden Nash-Gleichgewichte, in denen die Anbieter reine Preisstrategien verfolgen. Gezeigt wird, daß bei moderater Homogenität überhaupt keine Kartelle stabil sein können. Nur bei sehr starker Heterogenität und bei starker Homogenität sind intern und extern stabile Kartelle möglich. Damit bestätigen sich Ergebnisse, die bereits von Deneckere (1983) und Ross (1992) im Rahmen von Superspielen zwischen Dyopolisten abgeleitet wurden. Zusätzlich wird hier der Einfluß der Marktgröße untersucht. Im Bereich starker Homogenität zeigt sich, daß ausschließlich allumfassende Kartelle stabil sein können. In diesem Bereich können auf kleinen Märkten stabile Kartelle existieren, auch wenn der Homogenitätsgrad nicht extrem stark ist. Auf großen Märkten muß der Homogenitätsgrad dagegen extrem hoch sein, damit ein stabiles Kartell existiert. Im Grenzfall fast vollkommener Homogenität existiert ein stabiles Kartell auch für sehr große Märkte.
The De-Construction and Re-Construction of Authority and the Role of Management and Consulting
Authors: Simon Fritz B.
Published: May 2016

Aus einer systemischen Perspektive kann das Wissen oder die Intelligenz eines Unternehmens nicht als in den Köpfen ihrer Mitglieder lokalisiert begriffen werden. Es ist in den Kommunikations- und Interaktionsprozessen impliziert, welche die Identität der Organisation als Einheit definieren. Eine lernende Organisation ist eine Organisation, die in der Lage ist, ihre Kommunikationsregeln zu verändern. Um dies zu tun, braucht sie ein Mittel der Beobachtung der eigenen Regeln und der Bewertung, ob das in ihnen implizierte Wissen noch angemessen ist. Manager und Berater als diejenigen, die »wissen«, wie ein Unternehmen »gesteuert« wird, müssen dekonstruiert werden. Ihre Autorität kann durch die Nutzung der Intelligenz von sich selbst reflektierenden Kommunikationsprozessen innerhalb der Organisation rekonstruiert werden. Deren Ergebnis kann ihrer Aktivität zugeschrieben werden, auch wenn es der Kommunikationsprozeß war, der die Beobachtungen und - in der Folge - die Entscheidungen hervorbrachte.
Zur Soziologie des fundamentalistischen Terrorismus
Authors: Japp Klaus P.
Published: May 2016

Der politische Extremismus des Islam wird überwiegend auf sozioökonomische Deprivationen und/oder kulturelle Orientierungs- und Anerkennungsdefizite zurückgeführt. In diesem Zusammenhang dominiert ein argumentum ad hominem, dessen empirischer Hintergrund durch die Realitätskonstruktionen der Massenmedien aufgebaut wird. Der Artikel stellt dagegen auf Kommunikation um und zielt auf Wiederbeschreibung dessen, was die Massenmedien vorgeben. Im Mittelpunkt steht die paradoxe Kommunikation von Einheitssemantiken des islamischen Fundamentalismus im Kontext funktionaler Differrenzierung und des politischen Extremismus des Islam im Kontext sich modernisierender politischer Systeme in der ›peripheren Moderne‹. Als grundlegend wird die Paradoxie von säkularer Kontingenz und religiöser Letztbegründung veranschlagt. Deren Entparadoxierung führt - über verschiedene Stufen hinweg - zur ›ultimativen Kommunikation‹ des Terrorismus. Dies wird als strukturelle Implikation der Weltgesellschaft identifiziert und gerade nicht als bloß regionale Abweichung von der weltweiten Durchsetzung funktionaler Differenzierung.
Moderne Selbstbeschreibungsverhältnisse. Konkurrenz, funktionale Differenzierung und latente Leistungstransfers im Prozess der Selbstbeschreibung moderner Gesellschaft
Authors: Zorn Carsten
Published: May 2016

Ausgangspunkt des Beitrags bildet Luhmanns Hypothese, wonach die Aufgabe der Entwicklung und Auswahl angemessener Selbstbeschreibungen in der modernen Gesellschaft allmählich ganz an Wissenschaft und Theorie übergeht. Es ist dies nicht die einzige These im Kontext von Luhmanns Überlegungen zu »Selbstbeschreibung«, so wird dann gezeigt, von der bislang unklar geblieben ist, wie sie sich mit seinem Hauptbefund zu den modernen Selbstbeschreibungsverhältnissen vereinbaren lässt - wonach hier nun stets höchst unterschiedliche Angebote konkurrieren. Im Weiteren werden darum dann erste Vorschläge dazu vorgestellt, wie eine konsistente Bearbeitung des Theorieteils »Selbstbeschreibung« vom ›Konkurrenz-Befund‹ her möglich werden könnte. So wird insbesondere gezeigt, dass ›Konkurrenz‹ als Antwort auf die moderne Komplexität des zugrunde liegenden Problems verstanden werden kann: Sie stimuliert das Ausnutzen möglichst vieler Beschreibungsressourcen. Dies wird anhand heute zusätzlich differenzierter, je gesonderter ›Konkurrenzen‹ (in der Sach-, Sozial- und Zeitdimension der Gesellschaftsbeschreibung) verdeutlicht, die auf eine extrem breite Angebotsvielfalt (in Schrift- und Bildmedien) hinwirken. Dies schließt zwar die Entstehung von marktbeherrschenden Positionen nicht aus. Was eine mögliche Sonderrolle soziologischer Theorie im modernen Selbstbeschreibungsprozess angeht, so kann darum aber, so wird am Ende argumentiert, eine mindestens ebenso wichtige Sonderrolle und -aufgabe für sie darin gesehen werden aufzuklären, wie moderne Beschreibungskonkurrenten an- und voneinander lernen, in der modernen Beschreibungskonkurrenz zu bestehen, und wie entsprechende ›Leistungstransfers‹ und latente Einflusslinien den Fortgang des modernen Selbstbeschreibungsprozesses mitbestimmen.
Sporthelden. Zur Soziologie sozialer Prominenz / Sports Heroes. Studies in the Sociology of Social Prominence
Authors: Bette Karl-Heinrich
Published: May 2016

Im öffentlichen Diskurs findet die geballte Rede von Helden und Heldentum meist nur noch in der Kommentierung sportlicher Ereignisse und Akteure statt. Einzelne Athleten oder Mannschaften wachsen in Wettkampfsituationen über sich hinaus, verzaubern das Publikum mit außeralltäglichen Leistungen und erhalten hierfür den Ritterschlag zum Helden. Pointiert formuliert: In funktional differenzierten Gesellschaften ist der Spitzensport der einzige Sozialbereich, der real existierende Helden noch in einer ungefährlichen und sozial weithin akzeptierten Weise produzieren kann. Der folgende Artikel analysiert in einem ersten Schritt die sportspezifischen Bedingungen, die dazu beigetragen haben, dass der Spitzensport zum zentralen Heldensystem der modernen Gesellschaft reüssieren konnte, stellt zweitens eine Heldentypologie vor und diskutiert drittens die wichtigsten narrativen Verlaufsfiguren, die den Heldengeschichten des Sports zugrunde liegen.
Überlegungen zur System-Umwelt-Problematik anhand der Analyse des Verhältnisses zwischen Organisation und Publikum / Administration and its Publics as a Paradigm for a System-Environment-Theory
Authors: Grunow Dieter , Hegner Friedhart
Published: May 2016

At the base of our argumentation is the critique of present concepts in the sociology of organization, which often adapts to the perspectives of concrete organizations or of concrete publics. With this paper we reject this bias by strictly separating the scientific approach from the perspectives and interests of either the concrete organization or the concrete public. This leads to a new approach: dealing with the relationship between organizations and their public on a less abstract level of problem formulation (than for example the approach of ’“complexity-difference”). Our concept is that the relationship between organizations and their public can be characterized by four dimensions: power, potential of information, definition of the situation, and concrete expectations. According to the different constellations of those four dimensions the type of contact between organization and public can determined as communication or interaction. The analysis should prove whether those four dimensions can be interpreted as steps of operationalization of more abstract concepts. The conditions for the transition of an interaction into a system of interaction are specified: identical language level of the partners of the interaction, openess for processes of learning in the situation, and the mechanisms of boundary construction. Finally the consequences of this concept of relationship between organization and public are drawn for the separate analysis of the organization and for the separate analysis of the public. These deduced questions are to be interpreted as the base for an empirical research project dealing with the relationship problem in public administration.
Die Finalisierung der Wissenschaft / The Finalization of Science
Authors: Böhme Gernot , Daele Wolfgang van den , Krohn Wolfgang
Published: May 2016

Contemporary science is characterized by a specific latitude for alternative developments. This means that science is open for external (economic, social, political) purposes to become the guide-lines of the development of theory. The transition to such a structure is here defined as „the finalization of science“.

This notion must be distinguished from traditional forms of the „application“ of theoretical results. To explicate it, assumptions are developed relating to the structure and bearing of the self-regulatives operative in contemporary science.

Three causes are suggested of the decline in the internal determination of the development of science:

The achievement of a state of „theoretical maturity“ in fundamental disciplines (e.g., physics and chemistry); partial renunciation of the demand for causal explication and transition to functionalist sciences (e.g., psychology); the necessity of combining ecological approaches with the traditional analytical premises in different scientific disciplines.

The perspective of the finalization of science embodies a growing coincidence of theoretical aims and social norms.
Soziologische Theorie und historische Erklärung / Sociological Theory and Historical Explanation
Authors: Münch Richard
Published: May 2016

Sociological theory and historical explanation are both characterized by the competition of different apporoaches. Concerning the methodological part, there is a dispute about models of nomological and rational explanation; concerning the sociological part, on the most general level, there is a debate on the differences between a theory of action, a systems theory, and a learning theory. The model of rational explanation, however, does not succeed in safeguarding a character of its own. The three approaches of sociological theory show some serious insufficiencies, which questions their application to explain historical developments. Instead,a theory of evolution is presented, which distinguishes itself from other attemps of this kind. The starting point are the challenges of the environment, which force a class of individuals to develop strategies to maintain its continuity. An additional theorem states the conditions for a higher or lower capacity to master the problems of maintaining continuity. Subjects of continuity-maintenance should be not systems, but classes of individuals. „Continuity“ refers to an existing standard of life-chances. The environment is represented by all matters of fact, inside and outside a system. The application of this theory to MAX WEBER’s explanations of the fall of Rome and of the rise of capitalism proves the fruitfulness of the evolutionary approach.
Die Bedeutung der Verwandten für die großstädtische Familie / The Relevance of Kinship to the Urban Family
Authors: Pfeil Elisabeth , Ganzert Jeanette
Published: May 2016

Kinship in the urban setting - is it still an important factor in the life of the nuclear family? We know from research in different countries that the urban nuclear family does by no means lead a life in isolation; rather, there is much evidence for social relationships with kin and friends. We also have quite a few figures on visiting patterns among relatives - the frequency of such interactions varying proportionately to distance between living quarters within the conurbation - but their relevance for young couples and their children has so far not been ascertained sufficiently.

This study centers on several aspects which, the authors suggest, will be apt to reveal relevance of kinship: the mutual seeking and giving of advice; the choosing of godparents; the function of relatives serving as models; the complementary relationship extant between interaction with kin and interaction with friends; the declining relevance of kinship accompanying the advance of a more companionate type of conjugal relationships; and its growing relevance for young families with a job-holding mother.

The research population consists of mothers (mean age 35) with children who had just entered elementary school in four local districts of Hamburg.