bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dopaminergic neurons lacking Caspase-3 avoid apoptosis but undergo necrosis after MPTP treatment inducing a Galectin-3-dependent selective microglial phagocytic response
Authors: García-Revilla Juan , Ruiz Rocío , Espinosa-Oliva Ana M. , Santiago Marti , García-Domínguez Irene , Camprubí-Ferrer Lluís , Bachiller Sara , Deierborg Tomas , Joseph Bertrand , de Pablos Rocío M. , Rodríguez-Gómez José A. , Venero José Luis
Published: September 2024

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Apoptosis is thought to play a critical role in the progression of PD, and thus understanding the effects of antiapoptotic strategies is crucial for developing potential therapies. In this study, we developed a unique genetic model to selectively delete Casp3, the gene encoding the apoptotic protein caspase-3, in dopaminergic neurons (TH-C3KO) and investigated its effects in response to a subacute regime of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration, which is known to trigger apoptotic loss of SNpc dopaminergic neurons. We found that Casp3 deletion did not protect the dopaminergic system in the long term. Instead, we observed a switch in the cell death pathway from apoptosis in wild-type mice to necrosis in TH-C3KO mice. Notably, we did not find any evidence of necroptosis in our model or in in vitro experiments using primary dopaminergic cultures exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in the presence of pan-caspase/caspase-8 inhibitors. Furthermore, we detected an exacerbated microglial response in the ventral mesencephalon of TH-C3KO mice in response to MPTP, which mimicked the microglia neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD). Under these conditions, it was evident the presence of numerous microglial phagocytic cups wrapping around apparently viable dopaminergic cell bodies that were inherently associated with galectin-3 expression. We provide evidence that microglia exhibit phagocytic activity towards both dead and stressed viable dopaminergic neurons through a galectin-3-dependent mechanism. Overall, our findings suggest that inhibiting apoptosis is not a beneficial strategy for treating PD. Instead, targeting galectin-3 and modulating microglial response may be more promising approaches for slowing PD progression.
cirSIRT5 induces ferroptosis in bladder cancer by forming a ternary complex with SYVN1/PHGDH
Authors: Li Weijian , Ou Yuxi , Ye Fangdie , Cheng Zhang , Chen Ziang , Zhou Quan , Yan Xiang , Jiang Haowen
Published: September 2024

Bladder cancer (BC) represents a prevalent and formidable malignancy necessitating innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in cancer biology. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated ferroptosis levels in BC cells utilizing techniques encompassing lipid peroxidation assessment, transmission electron microscopy, and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurement. Additionally, we probed into the mechanistic intricacies by which circRNAs govern BC, employing RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and immunoprecipitation (IP) assays. Our investigation unveiled circSIRT5, which displayed significant downregulation in BC. Notably, circSIRT5 emerged as a promising prognostic marker, with diminished expression correlating with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Functionally, circSIRT5 was identified as an inhibitor of BC progression both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circSIRT5 exerted its tumor-suppressive activities through the formation of a ternary complex involving circSIRT5, SYVN1, and PHGDH. This complex enhanced the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of PHGDH, ultimately promoting ferroptosis in BC cells. This ferroptotic process contributed significantly to the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in BC. In addition, FUS was found to accelerate the biogenesis of circSIRT5 in BC. These findings provide valuable insights into the pivotal role of circSIRT5 in BC pathogenesis, underscoring its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for this malignancy.
Neurovascular coupling and CO2 interrogate distinct vascular regulations
Authors: Tournissac Marine , Chaigneau Emmanuelle , Pfister Sonia , Aydin Ali-Kemal , Goulam Houssen Yannick , O’Herron Philip , Filosa Jessica , Collot Mayeul , Joutel Anne , Charpak Serge
Published: September 2024

Neurovascular coupling (NVC), which mediates rapid increases in cerebral blood flow in response to neuronal activation, is commonly used to map brain activation or dysfunction. Here we tested the reemerging hypothesis that CO2 generated by neuronal metabolism contributes to NVC. We combined functional ultrasound and two-photon imaging in the mouse barrel cortex to specifically examine the onsets of local changes in vessel diameter, blood flow dynamics, vascular/perivascular/intracellular pH, and intracellular calcium signals along the vascular arbor in response to a short and strong CO2 challenge (10 s, 20%) and whisker stimulation. We report that the brief hypercapnia reversibly acidifies all cells of the arteriole wall and the periarteriolar space 3–4 s prior to the arteriole dilation. During this prolonged lag period, NVC triggered by whisker stimulation is not affected by the acidification of the entire neurovascular unit. As it also persists under condition of continuous inflow of CO2, we conclude that CO2 is not involved in NVC.
An outer membrane porin-lipoprotein complex modulates elongasome movement to establish cell curvature in Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Pöhl Sebastian , Giacomelli Giacomo , Meyer Fabian M. , Kleeberg Volker , Cohen Eli J. , Biboy Jacob , Rosum Julia , Glatter Timo , Vollmer Waldemar , van Teeseling Muriel C. F. , Heider Johann , Bramkamp Marc , Thanbichler Martin
Published: September 2024

Curved cell shapes are widespread among bacteria and important for cellular motility, virulence and fitness. However, the underlying morphogenetic mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Here, we identify an outer-membrane protein complex that promotes cell curvature in the photosynthetic species Rhodospirillum rubrum. We show that the R. rubrum porins Por39 and Por41 form a helical ribbon-like structure at the outer curve of the cell that recruits the peptidoglycan-binding lipoprotein PapS, with PapS inactivation, porin delocalization or disruption of the porin-PapS interface resulting in cell straightening. We further demonstrate that porin-PapS assemblies act as molecular cages that entrap the cell elongation machinery, thus biasing cell growth towards the outer curve. These findings reveal a mechanistically distinct morphogenetic module mediating bacterial cell shape. Moreover, they uncover an unprecedented role of outer-membrane protein patterning in the spatial control of intracellular processes, adding an important facet to the repertoire of regulatory mechanisms in bacterial cell biology.
Human detection of political speech deepfakes across transcripts, audio, and video
Authors: Groh Matthew , Sankaranarayanan Aruna , Singh Nikhil , Kim Dong Young , Lippman Andrew , Picard Rosalind
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in technology for hyper-realistic visual and audio effects provoke the concern that deepfake videos of political speeches will soon be indistinguishable from authentic video. We conduct 5 pre-registered randomized experiments with N = 2215 participants to evaluate how accurately humans distinguish real political speeches from fabrications across base rates of misinformation, audio sources, question framings with and without priming, and media modalities. We do not find base rates of misinformation have statistically significant effects on discernment. We find deepfakes with audio produced by the state-of-the-art text-to-speech algorithms are harder to discern than the same deepfakes with voice actor audio. Moreover across all experiments and question framings, we find audio and visual information enables more accurate discernment than text alone: human discernment relies more on how something is said, the audio-visual cues, than what is said, the speech content.
The origin of interplanetary switchbacks in reconnection at chromospheric network boundaries
Authors: Hou Chuanpeng , He Jiansen , Duan Die , Wu Ziqi , Chen Yajie , Verscharen Daniel , Rouillard Alexis P. , Li Huichao , Yang Liping , Bale Stuart D.
Published: September 2024

There is renewed interest in heliospheric physics following the recent exploration of the pristine solar wind by the Parker Solar Probe. Magnetic switchback structures are frequently observed in the inner heliosphere, but there are open questions about their origin. Many researchers are investigating the statistical properties of switchbacks and their relationships with wave modes, stream types and solar activity, but the sources of switchbacks remain elusive. Here we report that interplanetary switchbacks originate from magnetic reconnection on the Sun that occurs at chromospheric network boundaries and launch solar jet flows. We link in situ interplanetary measurements and remote-sensing solar observations to establish a connection between interplanetary switchbacks and their solar source region, featuring solar jets, chromospheric network boundaries and photospheric magnetic field evolution. Our findings suggest that joint observations of switchbacks and solar jets provide a better estimate of the contribution of magnetic reconnection to coronal heating and solar wind acceleration.
Aggregation behavior of newly synthesized Gemini cationic surfactants in absence and in presence of different inorganic salts in 15% DMSO–water solvent
Authors: El-Dossoki Farid I. , Migahed Mohamed A. , Gouda Mahmoud M. , El-Maksoud Samir Abd El Hady Abd
Published: September 2024

In this study, three Gemini cationic surfactants related to thiazol-2-amine with three hydrocarbon chain lengths including 3-hexylthiazol-3-ium (TAC6), 3-dodecylthiazol-3-ium (TAC12) and octadecylthiazol3-ium (TAC18) were prepared. Surfactant structures were confirmed with IR and 1HNMR Spectroscopies. Critical micelle concentrations for all surfactants in 15% DMSO-Water solvent were measured using conductometric, refractometric, and densitometric techniques. Thermodynamics parameters were computed and explained. Also, enhancing properties of all surfactants were indicated under the effect of two concentrations, 0.001 M and 0.01 M, of six inorganic salts including Cl−, Br−, I−, Co+2, Cu+2, and Mn+2 radicals using conductivity and refractive index measurements. All techniques used to measure critical micelles concentration showed a good convergence in measuring CMC values and the behavior of all surfactants in 15% DMSO-water solvent. Increasing the binding constant of the counter ion and association constant reflects the effect of hydrocarbon chain length increment on enhancing micelle formation, where TAC 18 was shown as the lowest CMC in all applied measurements. Modeling the density of all surfactant solutions under study indicates an increase in hydrophobic polarizability with an increase in the molecular weight of the surfactant. Inorganic salts decreased the CMC of all surfactants with the increase in Gibbs free energy of micellization which ensures easier formation of more stable micelles in the presence of a salt solution. The effect of salts on decreasing CMC for all surfactants under study was arranged in the following order: Mn+2 < Cu+2 < Co+2 for cationic radicals and I− < Br− < Cl− for anionic radicals.
Clinical and prognostic significance of follicular helper and regulatory T cells in bladder cancer draining lymph nodes
Authors: Mansourabadi Zahra , Ariafar Ali , Chenari Nooshafarin , Hakimellahi Hossein , Vahidi Yasmin , Faghih Zahra
Published: September 2024

Follicular helper and regulatory T cells (Tfh/TFR) cells are distinct subsets of CD4+ cells that have been recognized for their critical role in regulating cellular reactions within the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles. In the present study, we aimed to determine the presence and the frequency of these cells in draining lymph nodes of patients with bladder cancer (BC). Forty-six patients with BC who had undergone radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were enrolled. Following routine pathological examination, a portion of the dissected lymph nodes was minced to obtain a single-cell suspension. Mononuclear cells were then separated using Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation, and the samples with proper viability (> 95%) were subjected to further analysis. To phenotype the follicular subsets, cells were stained with appropriate fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies specific for CD4, CXCR5, BCL6, and FOXP3. The cells were then acquired on a four-color flow cytometer. The data were analyzed with the FlowJo software version 10.8.1 package. Our analysis indicated that, on average 37.89 ± 16.36% of CD4+ lymphocytes in draining lymph nodes of patients with BC expressed CXCR5. The majority of them were negative for FOXP3, representing helper subsets (28.73 ± 13.66). A small percent simultaneously expressed BCL6 transcription factor (1.65% ± 1.35), designated as Tfh (CD4+BCL6+CXCR5+FOXP3-). While less than 10% of CD4+ lymphocytes expressed CXCR5 and FOXP3, 1.78 ± 2.54 were also positive for BCL6, known as TFR. Statistical analysis revealed that the frequency of both Tfh and TFR cells was higher in draining lymph nodes of patients with tumor-infiltrated nodes (P = 0.035 and P = 0.079, respectively) compared to those with negative ones. The percentage of these cells was also higher in high-grade tumors compared to low-grade ones (P = 0.031 for both). Our data collectively indicated that however approximately one third of CD4+ lymphocytes expressed CXCR5 and accordingly had the capacity to enter the follicles, less than 2% of them represented Tfh and TFR phenotypes. The percentage of these cells increased in progressed tumors and showed an association with negative prognostic factors.
Dynamics of bio-based carbon dioxide removal in Germany
Authors: Wollnik Ronja , Borchers Malgorzata , Seibert Ruben , Abel Susanne , Herrmann Pierre , Elsasser Peter , Hildebrandt Jakob , Meisel Kathleen , Hofmann Pia , Radtke Kai , Selig Marco , Kazmin Stanislav , Szarka Nora , Thrän Daniela
Published: September 2024

Bio-based carbon dioxide removal encompasses a range of (1) natural sink enhancement concepts in agriculture and on organic soils including peatlands, and in forestry, (2) bio-based building materials, and (3) bioenergy production with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS). A common database on these concepts is crucial for their consideration in strategies and implementation. In this study, we analyse standardised factsheets on these concepts. We find different dynamics of deployment until 2045: for CO2 removal rates from the atmosphere, natural sink enhancement concepts are characterised by gradually increasing rates, followed by a saturation and potentially a decrease after few decades; forest-related measures ramp up slowly and for construction projects and bioenergy plants, annually constant removal rates are assumed during operation which drop to zero afterwards. The expenses for removing 1 t CO2 from the atmosphere were found to be between 8 and 520 € t CO2−1, which arises from high divergence both in capital and operational expenditures among the concepts. This high variability of expenses seems to suggest the more cost-effective concepts should be implemented first. However, aspects from economics, resource base and environmental impacts to social and political implications for Germany need to be considered for developing implementation strategies. All concepts investigated could be deployed on scales to significantly contribute to the German climate neutrality target.
Unveiling ophiuroid biodiversity across North Atlantic habitats via an integrative perspective
Authors: Schmidt Lydia Anastasia , Brix Saskia , Rossel Sven , Forster Stefan , Eichsteller Angelina
Published: September 2024

The depths of the North Atlantic Ocean host a species-rich fauna providing heterogeneous habitats from thermal vent fields to cold-water coral reefs. With the increasing threat of destruction of deep-sea habitats due to human impacts, such as demersal fishing and the beginning of deep-sea mining, an analysis of the diversity and distribution of species is crucial for conservation efforts. Brittle stars occur in high biomasses, contributing to the biodiversity of the seafloor. Specimens were collected during several scientific expeditions to gain a more detailed insight into the brittle star diversity in the North Atlantic Ocean. An integrative approach to identify the species with DNA barcoding (mtCOI) in combination with morphological studies revealed 24 species. Most species have been previously identified in the North Atlantic, but sequences for 13 species are newly added to public repositories. Additionally, the MALDI-TOF-MS proteomic analysis was successfully applied for 197 specimens with known COI barcodes. Results are congruent with other molecular species delimitations demonstrating the functionality of proteomics for the identification of brittle stars. This dataset significantly expands our understanding of the taxonomic and genetic diversity of brittle stars and contributes to publicly available data. It emphasizes the importance of considering habitat heterogeneity for large scale patterns of biodiversity.
Feature-aware ultra-low dimensional reduction of real networks
Authors: Jankowski Robert , Hozhabrierdi Pegah , Boguñá Marián , Serrano M. Ángeles
Published: September 2024

In existing models and embedding methods of networked systems, node features describing their qualities are usually overlooked in favor of focusing solely on node connectivity. This study introduces FiD-Mercator, a model-based ultra-low dimensional reduction technique that integrates node features with network structure to create D-dimensional maps of complex networks in a hyperbolic space. This embedding method efficiently uses features as an initial condition, guiding the search of nodes’ coordinates toward an optimal solution. The research reveals that downstream task performance improves with the correlation between network connectivity and features, emphasizing the importance of such correlation for enhancing the description and predictability of real networks. Simultaneously, hyperbolic embedding’s ability to reproduce local network properties remains unaffected by the inclusion of features. The findings highlight the necessity for developing network embedding techniques capable of exploiting such correlations to optimize both network structure and feature association jointly in the future.
Engineering advanced cellulosics for enhanced triboelectric performance using biomanufactured proteins
Authors: Singhal Khushank , Boy Ramiz , Abdullah Abu Musa , Mazeed Tarek , Demirel Melik C.
Published: September 2024

Biological polymers, such as polysaccharides and polypeptides, offer renewable and biodegradable solutions for a more sustainable future. These polymers comprise natural building blocks, such as amino acids and glycans, which ensure their true environmental benefits at the end of their lifecycle. For example, cellulose is a highly sustainable material with many excellent properties, including renewability, biodegradability, and versatility in its functionality. It can be used in various forms, such as textiles, packaging materials, and building insulation. Here, we studied advanced cellulosic materials produced by blending or creating bi-composites with biomanufactured proteins inspired by squid ring teeth (SRT). Biomanufactured proteins can be synthesized in larger quantities, have a controlled production process, be modified to create desirable variants, and their production can be scaled up or down. Specifically, we engineered recombinant SRT proteins to have high electrostatic charge, induce crystallinity, and provide polar hydroxyl groups, which enhances cellulosic materials’ triboelectric response. The triboelectric voltage of blend triacetate and cellulose fibers increased by 72–108% and 49–57%, respectively, with a protein content of 10% wt. Furthermore, coating proteins on cellulosic fibers to create bi-composite fibers is a highly effective method for doubling (200%) the triboelectric performance. This finding has important implications for developing sustainable triboelectric materials and producing advanced materials using biomanufacturing.
Resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in camelid nasal organoids is associated with lack of ACE2 expression
Authors: Breugem Tim I. , Riesebosch Samra , Schipper Debby , Mykytyn Anna Z. , van den Doel Petra , Segalés Joaquim , Lamers Mart M. , Haagmans Bart L.
Published: September 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects a variety of animal species. Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 is primarily determined by the utilization of the viral receptor, ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 can utilize a broad range of animal ACE2 isoforms in vitro, including the ACE2 from various camelid species. However, experimental infection of these animals does not lead to productive infection or seroconversion. In this study, we investigate the susceptibility of camelids to SARS-CoV-2 using novel well-differentiated camelid nasal organoids. We show that camelid nasal organoids are highly susceptible to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, but not to infection with different SARS-CoV-2 variants (614G, BA.1 or EG.5.1.1). All viruses efficiently infected human airway organoids. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the absence of ACE2 on camelid nasal organoids and dromedary camel upper respiratory tract. In contrast, DPP4 was expressed in both camelid nasal organoids and the camel upper respiratory tract, which correlates with MERS-CoV infection. This study indicates that the camelid upper respiratory tract lacks expression of ACE2, which is associated with resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Global implementation and evaluation of atrial fibrillation screening in the past two decades – a narrative review
Authors: Wong Kam Cheong , Nguyen Tu N. , Chow Clara K.
Published: September 2024

Advances in screening technology have been made in tandem with the aging population and increasing atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence. While several randomized controlled trials demonstrate the efficacy of AF screening, less evidence has been synthesized addressing the implementation and evaluation of AF screening programs. We systematically searched the PubMed database from 1st January 2000 to 18th January 2024. The search terms included “atrial fibrillation” and “screening” and their synonyms. Articles that described screening implementation, including screening methods, were included. Editorial, commentary, engineering, and basic science articles were excluded. 1767 abstracts were screened, of which 138 full articles were reviewed, and 87 studies were included: 90% from high-income, 8% from upper-middle-income and 2% from lower-middle-income countries/ regions. The screening initiatives included general practice (n = 31), remote self-screening (n = 30), pharmacy (n = 11), community centers and villages (n = 10), hospital (n = 4), and nursing home (n = 1). Most studies used handheld ECG devices (n = 72, 83%), some used wearable devices (n = 13, 15%), and two (2%) used implantable cardiac devices. Comparator groups were described in 17% (15/87) studies: all 6 remote self-screening trials showed superior AF detection rates compared to usual care (these studies applied intermittent screening using handheld ECG devices over 2 weeks to 12 months or wearing ECG patches for continuous monitoring over 2–4 weeks), but 9 trials using systematic and opportunistic screening in primary care settings showed mixed results. Among 72 studies without comparator groups, 18 reported new AF detection rates below 1%, 48 reported 1–10%, 5 reported above 10%, and one reported an AF incidence rate of 2.25% patient-years (95% CI 2.03–2.48). Only 22% (19/87) of studies reported on the implementation evaluation (12 by surveys and 7 by interviews), surveying participant acceptability, usability, and satisfaction, and some studies in general practice and pharmacy interviewing participants and qualitatively evaluating the enablers and barriers to implementation. These studies reported barriers of lack of resources and referral pathways and enablers of having a designated staff member to lead implementation at point-of-care settings. AF screening implementation studies were mainly conducted in high-income countries/ regions. Detection rates were highest in older and higher risk groups, and if longer continuous ECG monitoring was used. Few studies reported details of the implementation of AF screening programs concerning cost, scalability, or comparative effectiveness of remote technology-driven screening approaches versus lower-tech approaches such as pulse palpation. Despite AF screening recommendations existing for some time, we seem to lack the data to effectively scale these initiatives.
A novel turn-off green carbon dot-based fluorescent probe for selective determination of nitrazepam in its pharmaceutical dosage form and milk samples
Authors: Farag Amir Shaaban , Rizk Mohamed , Mohamed Omaima Mahmoud , Azab Marwa Mohamed
Published: September 2024

A new, eco-friendly, and simple CD based fluorescent probe was created, where the developed sensor was successfully applied to determine NZP in its pharmaceutical dosage form and spiked milk samples.
Identification of fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis through high-level data fusion of Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Jeon Gookseon , Kim Soogeun , Kim Young Jin , Kim Seungmo , Han Kyungmin , Oh Kyunghwan , Lee Hee Joo , Choi Janghee
Published: September 2024

This study presents a fusion model of Raman and LIBS to diagnose drug-resistant tuberculosis, achieving 98.3% accuracy. Given the rapid measurement capabilities of both techniques, this approach is expected to reduce the diagnosis time.
Cellulose acetate/metal–organic framework composite beads with macroporous adsorption channels as a novel hemoadsorbent for effective virus capture
Authors: Chai Yamin , Han Wenyan , Zhang Yanjia , Du Yunzheng , Wang Biao , Chen Mengya , Li Nan , Luo Wei , Zha Xiaoyu , Wang Lichun , Ou Lailiang
Published: September 2024

CNC/MIL-53 composite beads as a viral adsorbent for hemoperfusion and having potential for the treatment of viral diseases.
Magnetic silk fibroin nanospheres loaded with amphiphilic polypeptides and antibiotics for biofilm eradication
Authors: Bi Yufang , Chen Xuyang , Luo Feiyu , Wang Xiehe , Chen Xin , Yao Jinrong , Shao Zhengzhong
Published: September 2024

The utilization of magnetic silk fibroin nanospheres loaded with host defense peptide (HDP) mimics and antibiotics, in conjunction with magnetic guidance and photothermal effects, resulted in the efficient eradication of biofilms.
Application of machine learning for predicting G9a inhibitors
Authors: Ivanova Mariya L. , Russo Nicola , Djaid Nadia , Nikolic Konstantin
Published: September 2024

The G9a enzyme is an epigenomic regulator, making gene expression directly dependent on how various substances in the cell affect this enzyme.
Production of birnessite-type manganese oxides by biofilms from oxygen-supplemented biological activated carbon (BAC) filters
Authors: Larasati Amanda , Bernadet Olga , Euverink Gert Jan W. , van Veelen H. Pieter J. , Gagliano Maria Cristina
Published: September 2024

The application of a novel enrichment approach revealed the potential of manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) from full-scale biofilters treating wastewater to produce manganese oxides as crystalline, efficient birnessite catalysts.
Degradation effects and mechanisms of Limosilactobacillus fermentum on ethanol
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Zhang Yuhong , Liu Shijian , Song Jiajia , Suo Huayi
Published: September 2024

Limosilactobacillus fermentum DACN611 degraded ethanol through adaptive metabolic changes under ethanol stress conditions and by promoting alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activities in gastric and hepatic tissues.
Effect of molecular structure on the photochemical stability of acceptor and donor polymers used in organic solar cells
Authors: Prasad Suraj , Genene Zewdneh , Marchiori Cleber F. N. , Singh Shivam , Ericsson Leif K. E. , Wang Ergang , Araujo C. Moyses , Moons Ellen
Published: September 2024

Absorption spectra show the photobleaching of acceptor copolymer PF5-Y5. The replacement of BDT-T by thiophene strongly improves the photostability.
Rationally modified SNX-class Hsp90 inhibitors disrupt extracellular fibronectin assembly without intracellular Hsp90 activity
Authors: Mathenjwa Gciniwe S. , Chakraborty Abir , Chakraborty Abantika , Muller Ronel , Akerman Mathew P. , Bode Moira L. , Edkins Adrienne L. , Veale Clinton G. L.
Published: September 2024

Rationally modified Hsp90 inhibitors which retained of on-target activity but showed no engagement of intracellular Hsp90, or stimulation of the heat shock response, were found to significantly alter the extracellular fibronectin network.
A gold nanoparticle-based photothermal hydrogel assisted by an N-halamine polymer for bacteria-infected skin wound healing
Authors: Wu Xiaojie , Lu Yaning , Gao Yangyang , Kang Jing , Dong Alideertu
Published: September 2024

pAMPS–Cl/AuNR@HA–DA hydrogels were used to treat skin wounds in mice through chemical release therapy and photothermal effects.
Metal halide perovskite polymer composites for indirect X-ray detection
Authors: Jayaprakash Saiji Shruti , Tang Yiteng , Wu Shin-Tson , Stand Luis , Tratsiak Yauhen , Dong Yajie
Published: September 2024

With versatile synthesis routes and adaptable structures, metal halide perovskites show excellent scintillating performance, but stability issues remain. Perovskite-polymer composites boost stability, enabling advanced radiation detection.
Advancing antimicrobial polymer development: a novel database and accelerated design via machine learning
Authors: Zhao Yuankai , Mulder Roger J. , Eyckens Daniel J. , Houshyar Shadi , Le Tu C.
Published: September 2024

Design principles for antimicrobial polymers using machine learning.
Synergistic effect of ionic liquid-doped spiro-OMeTAD: simultaneous management of energy level alignment and interfacial traps in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zheng Qingshui , Cao Fengxian , Wang Yuhong , Tong Anling , Wang Shibo , Chen Pengxu , Zhao Zeyuan , Wang Yang , Sun Weihai , Pan Weichun , Li Yunlong , Wu Jihuai
Published: September 2024

Benefiting from the presence of butylamine bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimine (BATFSI), devices with BATFSI achieved superior power conversion efficiency exceeding 24% and demonstrated outstanding stability.
Applications of chemically modified screen-printed electrodes in food analysis and quality monitoring: a review
Authors: Kamalasekaran Kavitha , Sundramoorthy Ashok K.
Published: September 2024

Disposable adlayer modified screen-printed electrodes have become extremely useful devices for ensuring food safety and quality assessment because of their adaptability, affordability, and convenience of use.
A gold cluster fused manganese dioxide nanocube loaded with dihydroartemisinin for effective cancer treatment via amplified oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Alan Tianyi , Wen Xin , Duan Shangyi , Tian Jiangwei , Liu Liang , Zhang Wangning
Published: September 2024

A multifunctional nanomedicine has been developed to treat cancer cells by amplifying oxidative stress and integrating bioimaging for therapeutic monitoring.
Shear-aligned graphene oxide nanosheets incorporated PVDF composite membranes for selective dye rejection with high water flux
Authors: Islam Sk Safikul , Jose Theres , Seikh Asiful Hossain , Karim Mohammad Rezaul , Alnaser Ibrahim A. , Bose Suryasarathi
Published: September 2024

Shear-aligned graphene oxide-incorporated PVDF membrane for efficient dye removal from contaminated water.
Selective and precise solid phase extraction based on a magnetic cellulose gold nanocomposite followed by ICP-OES analysis for monitoring of total sulfur content in liquid fuels
Authors: Mabena Kgomotso G. , Nomngongo Philiswa Nosizo , Mketo Nomvano
Published: September 2024

This study describes the synthesis and characterization of a magnetic cellulose gold nanocomposite (MCNC@Au) for selective extracting total sulfur content in liquid fuel samples.
Copper-doped cherry blossom carbon dots with peroxidase-like activity for antibacterial applications
Authors: Wang Yitong , Li Tianliang , Lin Lixing , Wang Dong , Feng Lingyan
Published: September 2024

Copper-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) are safe and act like peroxidase. They kill bacteria like E. coli and S. aureus by turning H2O2 into powerful ·OH. This green nanozyme could be a new way to make antibacterial materials.
A novel extraction method for three ochratoxins in human urine based on polystyrene/polyethersulfone electrospun nanofibers coated with copper nanoparticles
Authors: Chu Lanling , Dai Yuqi , Hou Chen , Kang Xuejun , Jiang Qianqian , Jiang Xiaoman , Li Jing , Qin Hongyu
Published: September 2024

Preparation of PS/PES-CuNP nanofibers followed by packed-fiber solid-phase extraction for three ochratoxins in human urine was performed, and thus, a novel analytical method was developed.
FDA-approved drugs containing dimethylamine pharmacophore: a review of the last 50 years
Authors: Bindra Sandeep , Bose Kuntal , Thekkantavida Amrutha Chandran , Grace Thomas Parambi Della , Alsahli Tariq G. , Pant Manu , Pappachen Leena K. , Kim Hoon , Mathew Bijo
Published: September 2024

Dimethylamine (DMA) derivatives represent a promising class of compounds with significant potential in the field of medicinal chemistry.
A superporous and pH-sensitive hydrogel from Salvia hispanica (chia) seeds: stimuli responsiveness, on–off switching, and pharmaceutical applications
Authors: Khatoon Maria , Ali Arshad , Hussain Muhammad Ajaz , Haseeb Muhammad Tahir , Sher Muhammad , Alsaidan Omar A. , Muhammad Gulzar , Hussain Syed Zajif , Hussain Irshad , Bukhari Syed Nasir Abbas
Published: September 2024

The chia seeds hydrogel (CSH) is a superporous, superabsorbent, haemocompatible, and smart biomaterial exhibiting stimuli-responsive swelling–deswelling behavior and sustained drug release.
On the nature and limits of alkaline earth–triel bonding
Authors: Boronski Josef T. , Griffin Liam P. , Conder Caroline , Crumpton Agamemnon E. , Wales Lewis L. , Aldridge Simon
Published: September 2024

A series of complexes featuring Ae–Tr bonds (Ae = Be, Mg; Tr = Al, Ga, In) is systematically investigated. The beryllium–indyl complex displays reactivity consistent with a nucleophilic beryllium centre.
Evolving bifacial molecule strategy for surface passivation of lead halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Minoi Nanaki , Ishiwari Fumitaka , Omine Takuya , Murotani Kazuharu , Nishikubo Ryosuke , Saeki Akinori
Published: September 2024

We designed new C2- and C3-symmetric molecules for passivating lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). These unique bifacial molecules enable efficient hole transfer, defect passivation, and improved efficiency and stability.
Boosting oxygen evolution kinetics via sulfur/phosphorus dynamic migration induced surface enrichment in an anion-regulated iron selenide
Authors: Desalegn Bezawit Z. , Raguindin Reibelle Q. , Jiang Gaojun , Park Hyung-Ho , Seo Jeong Gil
Published: September 2024

Anion-regulated FeSe2 with expedited adsorption/desorption kinetics via favorable spin state regulation, surface enrichment, and dynamic interplay between task-specific S/P and Se anions is reported.
Design and large-scale preparation of a laminated elastic fabric with high softness and a cascading fibrous cluster structure for wearable smart bandages
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhao Ke , Zhai Qian , Guan Xiaoyu , Cui Jingqiang , Zhen Qi
Published: September 2024

A laminated elastic fabric with a cascading fibrous cluster structure is prepared. It has high elastic recovery rate, good softness, excellent liquid management capacity and can be used for smart elastic bandages.
In situ electrochemical synthesis of superhydrophilic NiCoMn trimetallic-alloy nanosheets via the dynamic hydrogen bubble template method for developing high current density hydrogen production electrocatalysts
Authors: Paygozar Shahab , Sabour Rouhaghdam Alireza , Seif Abdolvahab , Barati Darband Ghasem
Published: September 2024

A 3D, stable, effective and superhydrophilic electrocatalyst was developed via a binder-free electrodeposition method for the hydrogen evolution reaction at high applied current densities.
Revisiting the ionic conductivity of solid oxide electrolytes: a technical review
Authors: Matkin Danil E. , Starostina Inna A. , Hanif Muhammad Bilal , Medvedev Dmitry A.
Published: September 2024

The present perspective revises the ionic conductivity of highly studied fluorite- and perovskite-based electrolytes for their applications in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and electrolysis cells (SOECs).
Improved bi-layer electrolytes of solid oxide cells: the role of a Sm0.2Ce0.8O2−δ diffusion barrier layer
Authors: Kim Su-Wan , Jeong Hae-In , Kim Dong-Yeon , Park Beom-Kyeong
Published: September 2024

This study demonstrates integration of YSZ/SDC bi-layer electrolyte in Ni–YSZ FESCs via single-step 1250 °C co-sintering, resulting in scalable cell production and enhanced performance with twice the interdiffusion conductivity of YSZ/GDC.
High-capacity ultra-thin flexible lithium-ion batteries with enhanced rate capability by a cast all-in-one cathode-separator-anode monolith
Authors: Park Sol Hui , Lee Nam Kyeong , Han Ji Hyun , Eo Sung-Hwa , Park Yongjin , Choi Kyung Cheol , Lee Yun Jung
Published: September 2024

All-in-one cathode-separator-anode monolith and multi-layered monolith systems for flexible batteries were elaborately designed, demonstrating superior rate capability and high areal capacity with ultra-thin thickness under 1 mm.
Thermoelectric Zintl phases with ultralow thermal conductivity: synthesis, structural characterization, and transport properties of Ca10AlSb9 and Ca10CdSb9
Authors: Ghosh Kowsik , Borgsmiller Leah , Baranets Sviatoslav , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Bobev Svilen
Published: September 2024

Polyhedral coordination in disordered Ca10MSb9 (M = Al and Cd). The new Zintl phases are intrinsic semiconductors showing ultralow thermal conductivity and candidates for the optimization of their thermoelectric performance.
Ultra-robust, highly stretchable and ambient temperature rapid self-healing polyurethane/graphene elastomers enabled by multi-type hydrogen bonds
Authors: Zhu Xiaobo , Hao Yu , Huang Liang-Feng , Zhao Haichao , Wang Liping
Published: September 2024

Elastomers with the strongest mechanical properties within 2 h of room-temperature self-healing were prepared based on a multi-type H-bond assembly, resolving the conflict between rapid self-healing ability and excellent mechanical strength in PUs.
Optimal operation of co‐phase traction power supply system with HESS and PV
Authors: Yang Bowei , Chen Minwu , Ma Lei , He Bing , Deng Hao
Published: September 2024

The co‐phase traction power supply system (TPSS) with hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and photovoltaic (PV) is proposed to eliminate the neutral section and improve the regenerative braking energy (RBE) utilization. Although the integration of HESS and PV facilitates the energy saving and cost reduction of the co‐phase TPSS, the high cost and configuration of HESS should be considered, which is the key to affect the optimal operation strategy of co‐phase TPSS. Here, the optimal operation strategy of co‐phase TPSS with HESS and PV is proposed to design the HESS configuration, recycle RBE and improve power quality. The proposed model aims to minimize the total system cost, including HESS investment cost, electricity cost and operation and maintenance cost. Moreover, the proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming by employing linearization approaches. Finally, case studies verify that the 29.2% cost reduction rate is achieved and the three‐phase voltage unbalance meets the standard requirements.
Hard‐state Protocol Independent Multicast—Source‐Specific Multicast (HPIM‐SSM)
Authors: Grilo Ana Catarina , Oliveira Pedro , Valadas Rui
Published: September 2024

Source‐specific multicast is a key technology for multicast services such as IPTV broadcasting, which relies on IGMPv3/MLDv2 for source‐group membership signalling and multicast routing protocols such as PIM‐SSM for building and maintaining receiver‐initiated source‐based distribution trees across the network. The authors propose the Hard‐state Protocol Independent Multicast—Source‐Specific Multicast (HPIM‐SSM), a novel multicast routing protocol that keeps the design principles of PIM‐SSM but overcomes its limitations, such as slow convergence and the possibility of creating suboptimal trees. The state machines of HPIM‐SSM were designed to react promptly to all network events susceptible to reconfiguring the multicast trees, avoiding the need for soft‐state maintenance through the periodic transmission of control messages. Moreover, the authors eliminated the need for designated routers, which led to suboptimal trees, and introduced a control‐driven assert protocol that operates per source, allowing for considerable memory savings. Finally, the protocol enables the coexistence of multiple unicast routing protocols. HPIM‐SSM was implemented in Python, and its correctness was extensively validated through model‐checking techniques. Furthermore, a comparison between HPIM‐SSM and PIM‐SSM was conducted, encompassing both theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation of convergence times. The results demonstrate clearly that HPIM‐SSM outperforms PIM‐SSM, exhibiting significantly faster convergence times and completely avoiding suboptimal trees.
Comparative analysis and optimal allocation of virtual inertia from grid‐forming and grid‐following controlled ESSs
Authors: Zhu Naixuan , Hu Pengfei , Jiang Chongxi , Yu Yanxue , Jiang Daozhuo
Published: September 2024

A broad consensus of neutralizing the carbon dioxide emissions facilitates the transition to the renewable energy power system. Meanwhile, the concerns about the volatility of renewable energies are growing as the rotational inertia of power system becomes inadequate. To maintain the frequency stability of power system, some studies for configuring inertia energy storage systems (ESSs) are carried out, mainly focusing on the allocation of virtual inertia from grid‐forming ESS. In contrast, the allocation of virtual inertia from grid‐following ESS has not been well elaborated and the differences in virtual inertia provided by these two modes are yet to be revealed. Based on ‐norm and Kron reduction, firstly, the state‐space model of post‐disturbance system is established, together with the transient performance evaluation. Then the inertia characteristics of both grid‐forming and grid‐following devices are formulated, followed by the unified gradient descent optimization method for allocating virtual inertia. A modified IEEE 39‐bus system and its time‐domain simulations help in the verification of the contribution of this paper. Through the comparative analysis of corresponding optimal results, the conclusions from two aspects are drawn: in terms of transient frequency support, the grid‐forming devices can provide no less than better inertia support; with the higher power capacity and similar energy capacity, the grid‐forming devices can relieve the response pressure of other generators by approximately .
En quête de métaphores, une proposition méthodologique. Le cas des sols agricoles
Authors: Taddei Antonia , Fallot Abigaïl , Perié Leïla
Published: September 2024

Nous présentons une méthode pour relever les différentes métaphores utilisées dans un domaine scientifique, et voir comment elles peuvent servir au mieux la recherche et ses applications. Prenant comme point de départ les métaphores utilisées pour parler des sols agricoles, nous avons élaboré cette méthode d’enquête métaphorique pour accompagner la compréhension et la formulation de réponses à la hauteur des enjeux sociaux et écologiques autour des sols agricoles. Comme chaque métaphore apporte un éclairage singulier sur la question étudiée, mais laisse d’autres aspects « dans l’ombre », il apparaît essentiel d’étudier et d’utiliser les métaphores dans leur pluralité. La méthode consiste : à révéler une diversité de métaphores ; à les organiser par ensembles ; à préciser et questionner les éléments de compréhension apportés par chaque ensemble, mais également ses limites ; à compléter ces éclairages en interrogeant les spécialistes du sujet. Il en résulte un partage vivant des connaissances et des représentations, ouvert au dialogue entre sciences et société, qui dans le cas des sols offre de nouvelles façons de les considérer et les étudier afin de mieux contrer leur dégradation.
PlantCoopLab, coopérer avec les plantes pour une alimentation durable
Authors: Pouteau Sylvie , Javelle Aurélie , Mouret Sébastien , Pignier Nicole , Pinton Florence , Porcher Jocelyne
Published: September 2024

Autant le statut des animaux dans les systèmes productifs fait l’objet de débats, autant la définition de la durabilité alimentaire n’implique aucun égard particulier pour les plantes. Le projet PlantCoopLab trouve son inspiration dans ce constat et dans le « tournant végétal » qui appelle à revisiter le statut des plantes. Dans une logique de production économique, faire signifie en général produire des biens ou des services par le travail. Dans le cas des plantes, le « faire » est-il aussi un travail ? Sans pour autant impliquer une personnification, cette question permet de repenser les activités végétales au-delà d’une lecture seulement techniciste, ce qui conduit aussi à reconsidérer le travail effectué avec les plantes. Le projet analyse plus largement la reconnaissance de ce travail comme moyen d’infléchir les pratiques nécessaires à la fourniture de nourritures durables.
Study On Policy Effect Evaluation and Optimization Path of Foreign Investment Introduction in Shenzhen
Authors: Lan ChenXi
Published: September 2024

his paper deeply discusses the implementation effect of Shenzhen’s foreign investment introduction policy, and makes a comprehensive evaluation of its policy effect. Through the systematic analysis of the historical background, current situation of the foreign investment introduction policy and its economic, social, scientific and technological influences in Shenzhen, the positive effects of the policy on promoting economic growth, optimizing industrial structure, enhancing scientific and technological innovation ability and improving social welfare are revealed. At the same time, this paper also points out the existing problems and challenges in the implementation process of the current foreign investment introduction policy, such as the lack of adaptability of some foreign enterprises to the local environment, the attractiveness of the policy needs to be improved, and the insufficient efforts to promote industrial upgrading and scientific and technological innovation. Based on the above analysis, this paper puts forward the optimization path of Shenzhen’s foreign investment introduction policy, including strengthening the formulation and implementation of localization strategy, improving the pertinency and attractiveness of the policy, promoting industrial upgrading and scientific and technological innovation, etc. These optimization paths aim to further play the role of foreign investment introduction policy and promote the sustainable and healthy development of Shenzhen’s economy.