bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Potential of SMAP Soil Moisture for Improving Real-time Streamflow Prediction in the U.S. Corn Belt
Authors: Jadidoleslam Navid , Hornbuckle Brian K , Krajewski Witold F. , Mantilla Ricardo , Cosh Michael H.
Published: June 2021

L-band microwave satellite missions provide soil moisture information potentially useful for streamflow and hence flood predictions. However, these observations are also sensitive to the presence of vegetation that makes satellite soil moisture estimations prone to errors. In this study, the authors evaluate satellite soil moisture estimations from SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and SMOS (Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity), and two distributed hydrologic models with measurements from in~situ sensors in the Corn Belt state of Iowa, a region dominated by annual row crops of corn and soybean. First, the authors compare model and satellite soil moisture products across Iowa using in~situ data for more than 30 stations. Then, they compare satellite soil moisture products with state-wide model-based fields to identify regions of low and high agreement. Finally, the authors analyze and explain the resulting spatial patterns with MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) vegetation indices and SMAP vegetation optical depth. The results indicate that satellite soil moisture estimations are drier than those provided by the hydrologic model and the spatial bias depends on the intensity of row-crop agriculture. The work highlights the importance of developing a revised SMAP algorithm for regions of intensive row-crop agriculture to increase SMAP utility in the real-time streamflow predictions.
Value Share Price Behaviour of Automobile Industry in India
Authors: Kalyan Dr. Nalla Bala
Published: June 2021

The Indian capital market has seen a gigantic development. There was a blast of financial specialist enthusiasm during the nineties and an Equity Guilt developed in legal enactments has helped the capital market. Outside Exchange, guideline act is one such enactment toward this path. Financial exchange assumes an indispensable job in the monetary advancement of each nation though there are different variables influencing its exhibition legitimately and by implication. The legislature of India propelled a new program as of late called Make in India. The essential target of this examination is to make a similar investigation (Simple normal) on the Share Price Movement of TATA Motor Ltd and TVS Motor Ltd in India. India turned into the fourth-biggest auto showcase in 2018 with deals expanding 8.3 per cent year-on-year to 3.99 million units. It was the seventh biggest producer of business vehicles in 2018.
Congenital Right Hand Syndactyly in a child: Plain Radiographic Features and Case Report
Authors: MB Sule , SA Sa’idu , SM Ma’aji , M Danfulani , GH Yunusa , AU Umar , IH Gele , FK Umar
Published: June 2021

Syndactyly is a Greek word meaning fused digits, may involve fusion of the soft tissues with or without bony fusion. It is regarded as the most common congenital defect of the hand, detected in 1 out of every 2000 live births, twice as common in males, and more among the Caucasians. This is a 10-month-old male infant that was referred for plain radiograph of the right hand on account of completely fused 2nd to 5th digits and an incompletely fused 1st digit with medial deviation since birth. The plain radiograph showed soft tissue fusion of the 2nd to 4th web spaces completely with a partially fused 1st web space. There is associated fusion of the distal phalanges of the 4th and 5th digit, foreshortening of the 3rd and 4th metacarpals with the middle phalanges of the 2nd and 5th digits. There is flexion of the interphalangeal joint and medial deviation of the 1st digit. There is also haphazard arrangement of the metacarpals and phalanges most especially the 3rd and 4th digits. Prominence of the thenar and hypothenar eminences with mild ulnar deviation of the entire right hand were also demonstrated. The contralateral left hand appears within normal limits, a complementary ultrasound showed normal abdominal organ situs. A diagnosis of congenital syndactyly most likely the complex-complicated form in a 10-month-old infant was established. The surgical repair to establish function and achieve excellent aesthetics was deferred until the child clocks about 24-months of age. We report a case of congenital syndactyly of the right hand due to its radiographic form of presentation in this 10-month-old infant.
Evaluation of Coloration Degrees of Light-Cured Temporary Filling Materials Kept at Two Different Temperatures
Authors: Bodrumlu Emre , Dinger Esma
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the coloration effects of different drinks on temporary restorative materials kept at different temperatures (4ºC, 25 ºC). Materials and Method: Eeach group consisting of 15 samples was randomly divided into 3 subgroups (n = 5), namely Tempit and First Fill, light cured temporary resins were used separately at 4°C in the refrigerator and at 25°C at room temperature a total of 60 (15x4) discs kept at two different temperatures (4ºC, 25ºC ). The samples were polymerized for 40 seconds with a LED light device and all samples were placed in distilled water in a 37 ºC incubator for 24 h. The initial color values of the samples were determined and recorded with the Vita EasyShade digital colorimeter device. Then, the samples were divided into subgroups of 5 (n = 5) and kept in the prepared coffee solution (Nescafe Classic), cherry juice and distilled water at 37°C for a week. The samples were measured on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days. Before each measurement, after washing and drying the samples, the color values were determined with a digital colorimeter device and the color differences (ΔE*) were calculated by recording the data according to the CIE 2000 system. Color difference data were evaluated using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: Although, the coloration degree was lower in the temporary filling material stored in 25°C, there is no statistically significant difference between the 4°C and 25°C groups. The coloration level of Temp-it was less than First Fill. (p<0.05) The highest average ∆E value among all groups was obtained at 4°C in the First Fill group in the coffee solution. Conclusion: It is concluded that the use of light-cured resin-containing temporary restorative materials in the front areas of anterior teeth where aesthetics are important, the use of light-cured temporary filling materials that are heated at 25°C will result in less coloration.
JAMUR ENDOFITIK YANG DIISOLASI DARI BUNGA ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA (SAMBILOTO) SEBAGAI SUMBER SENYAWA ANTIBAKTERI
Authors:   Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Padang, Riga Riga , Aulia Suhanah Rani , Suryelita Suryelita , Benti Etika Sri , Ulfah Mariam ,   STIKES Muhammadiyah Cirebon
Published: June 2021

Tumbuhan Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto) memproduksi beragam metabolit sekunder dengan berbagai aktivitas biologi, termasuk antibakteri. Selain dari tumbuhan alami, potensi senyawa antibakteri dari tumbuhan A. paniculata dapat dieksplorasi dari jamur endofitiknya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan kajian terkait potensi jamur endofitik yang berkolonisasi dalam jaringan bunga tumbuhan A. paniculata. Secara garis besar penelitian ini terdiri dari isolasi, kultivasi, ekstraksi, uji antibakteri dan uji kandungan metabolit sekunder dari jamur endofitik pada bunga tumbuhan A. paniculata. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ekstrak EtOAc jamur BS-1 yang diisolasi dari bunga tumbuhan A. paniculata menunjukkan kemampuannya dalam menginhibisi pertumbuhan semua bakteri uji pada konsentrasi 1%, 3%, dan 5%. Studi terkait senyawa yang berkontribusi dalam sifat antibakteri ini perlu dilakukan lebih lanjut. Untuk infomasi bagi kita semua bahwa penelitian terkait kajian sifat antibakteri dari jamur yang hidup pada bunga A. paniculata baru pertama kali dilakukan pada kesempatan ini.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIPIRETIK FRAKSI n-HEKSAN KULIT BUAH JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing) MENGGUNAKAN INDUKSI VAKSIN DPT-HB-Hib PADA MENCIT JANTAN GALUR Balb/c
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Borneo Lestari, Rahmatullah Satrio Wibowo , Fitri Susiani Eka , Reza Pahlevi Muhammad , Kurniawan Guntur , Maida Khairina
Published: June 2021

eruk nipis adalah sejenis tanaman perdu yang banyak tumbuh dan dikembangkan di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas fraksi n-heksan kulit buah jeruk nipis pada mencit yang diinduksi vaksin, membuktikan kemampuan antipiretik dari fraksi n-heksan kulit buah jeruk nipis pada mencit yang diinduksi vaksin dan mengetahui dosis fraksi n-heksan kulit buah jeruk nipis yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antipiretik pada mencit yang diinduksi vaksin. Sebanyak 25 ekor mencit dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, kelompok I kontrol positif (parasetamol), kelompok II kontrol negatif (Na-CMC 0,5%), kelompok III, IV, V diberikan fraksi n-heksan kulit buah jeruk nipis dengan dosis 0,07%/20gBB, 0,105%/20gBB dan 0,14%/ 20gBB. Kulit buah jeruk nipis mengandung senyawa saponin, tanin, alkaloid, triterpenoid/steroid, flavonoid dan kumarin yang memberikan aktivitas antipiretik Pengukuran suhu tubuh dilakukan sebelum pemberian induksi vaksin DPT-HB-Hib, dan 30 menit sekali setelah perlakuan sampai menit ke-180. Mencit diinduksi demam menggunakan vaksin DPT-HB-Hib secara intramuskular dengan dosis 0,01ml/gBB mencit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji Independent T-Test. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa fraksi n-heksan kulit buah jeruk nipis (C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing) mempunyai aktivitas antipiretik pada mencit jantan galur Balb-c dan pada konsentrasi 0,07%, 0,105%, dan 0,14% memiliki kemampuan aktivitas sebagai antipiretik yang tidak berbeda signifikan.
MITIGATION AND AGGRAVATION OF IMPOSITION IN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE UNIVERSITY PROSE (IN I. GREKOVA "DEPARTMENT")
Authors: Заболотнева О.Л. , Кожухова И.В.
Published: June 2021

Постановка задачи. На материале университетской повести И. Грековой «Кафедра» рассматриваются продуктивные способы реализации категории аггравации импозитивности в разно- и равностатусной коммуникации, институциональном и неинституциональном общении. Коммуникативная импозитивность традиционно ассоциируется с угрозой позитивному лицу говорящего. Необходимость данного исследования обусловлена, во-первых, слабой изученностью жанра с точки зрения прагматики, а во-вторых, - выявлением лингвопрагматических особенностей, характеристики которых можно проследить в художественном дискурсе (например, авторские ремарки). Результаты. Описаны результаты анализа университетской повести И. Грековой, иллюстрирующие широкое употребление вопросительных по форме высказываний. Импозитивность данных высказываний определяется контекстуально-усилительными элементами, интенсификаторами, разговорной, оценочной и эмоциональной лексикой с отрицательной коннотацией. Подобные элементы иллюстрируют определенную элитарность и надменность коммуникантов (особенно при равностатусном общении). Частотным является использование вопросительных по форме высказываний, модифицированных частицами а, же, ну, -ка. Кроме того, рассмотрены элементы просодии и эмфатической пунктуации. Выводы. Проведенные наблюдения позволяют увидеть продуктивные средства реализации аггравации импозитивности в русскоязычной университетской прозе.

Problem statement. On the basis of the university novel "Department" written by I. Grekova, the productive ways of realization of the category of aggravation of imposition in different and equal status communication as well as institutional and non-institutional communication are considered. Communicative imposition is traditionally associated with a threat to the positive face of a speaker. The need for this research is caused by, firstly, the poor study of the genre in terms of pragmatics, and secondly - the identification of linguistic and pragmatic features, the characteristics of which can be traced in fiction discourse (eg, author's remarks). Results. The results of the analysis of I. Grekova's university novel are described in the article. They illustrate a wide usage of interrogative statements. The imposition of these statements is defined with the help of contextual-amplifying elements, intensifiers, colloquial, evaluative and emotional vocabulary with negative connotation. Such elements illustrate a certain elitism and arrogance of communicants (especially in equal communication). Frequent is the use of interrogative statements modified by the particles and, but, well, just . Besides, elements of prosody and emphatic punctuation are considered. Conclusion. The conducted observations allow us to see the productive means of realization of the aggravation of imposition in Russian university prose.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СПОСОБОВ ПРИВИВКИ НА СРАСТАНИЕ ГРУШИ С АЙВОЙ
Authors: Хамурзаев С.М. , Мадаев А.А. , Адымханов Л.М.
Published: June 2021

Прививка (трансплантация) – соединение частей растений с образованием прививочной комбинации, продолжающей свой рост и развитие как единое растение (особь).
С помощью прививки можно совмещать культурные формы с дичками, размножать сортовые растения, изменять облик деревьев и кустарников, делая их необыкновенно красивыми и оригинальными. Успех прививки всецело зависит от ее приживаемости или срастания, которое в свою очередь зависит от многих факторов – биологических, физиологических, анатомических, климатических и др. Большое влияние на процесс срастания прививочных компонентов оказывает способ выполнения прививочных операций. В этой связи в предлагаемой статье дается анализ степени срастания сортов груши с айвой наиболее эффективными способами прививки – дудкой (кольцом коры) и двойной промежуточной окулировкой.
Types of Incentives and Advertisements in Commercial Deals, A Research Study in the Light of Shariah.
Authors: Kouser Hafiza Humaria , Lakhvi Dr. Muhammad Hammad
Published: June 2021

Wherever person goes, he finds unless it finds advertisement tools in various shapes and sizes. These ads, which have become an important pattern in the life of traders are indispensable for them than in contemporary reality. But now companies are specializing in the production of these ads and incentives, taking advantage of all the modern means of magazines and broadcasting video and audio formats and even mobile internet services.  Each of these companies have their own philosophy of it, some of which consider the legitimate controls in advertisements but other are to make money regardless of the appropriateness of these ads or following the controls of legitimacy and this research aims at highlighting the most important of these Islamic perspective controls which must be adhered when designing these commercials ads.  Islam regulates the trade system and provides a sound guideline to its followers. It has forbidden all the malpractices being exercised in business and its advertisement. The research talks about the commercial advertisements, their types, aims and the opinions of Islamic experts about them. Besides, the research proves that advertisement is permissible according to shariah.
Subjects about Admonition and Wisdom in the Poetry of Imam Muhammad Bin Idris Shafe'i
Authors: Azhar Dr. Muhammad Munir , Ismail Dr. Muhammad Saleem
Published: June 2021

Im?m Al Sh?f? has great contribution towards grammatical and principled Arabic poetry. It is observed that his poetry is rich with ethical values. He gained his reputation at the same time as a Muslim jurist and a great man of wisdom. He is the writer of many books regarding Islamic jurisprudence, and a famous book of poetry “Deewan e Sh?f?.” More over his books contain such ethical values in couplet mood. All of these discussed values, he truly abstracted and retrieved from the holy Quran and hadith. This article presents a special study regarding his valuable topics of ethics. The article is a comprehensive study of the ethical values found in the poetry of Al imam Al-Sh?f?. The important ethical values of his poetry are: true advice of Muslim and knowledge positively. He also discussed some bad habits to aware the people about their bad impacts on nature and gives examples of their destructions in human beings. Some of them are fraud, cruelty and being the secretary of the ruler etc. He also discussed some bad habits to aware the people about their bad impacts on nature and gives examples of their destructions in human beings. Some of them are fraud, cruelty and being the secretary of the ruler etc.
IMPACTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON WOMEN IN PAKISTAN: PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS
Authors: Farooq Yasir , Tayyab Dr. Mansha
Published: June 2021

Since the creation of woman, she faces many problems in her life. Different societies have their own customs and traditions. And woman faces problems regarding them. Pakistani society has its own influence and civilization which causes many problems of women. In these traditions, one of the bad behaviors is, marriage of woman on wrong time i.e. late marriage or early time marriage. In the result, at least, she faces Problems regarding dowry, Joint family system, Family disintegration, Childlessness, Propensity to violence, Effects of husband remaining alone from wife etc. On the basis of social divisions in Pakistani family system and depiction of woman issues having effects on herself, the significant and their mediation is very necessary, too. Many of these problems has Psychological impacts on woman in her domestic life. In Pakistani society where woman faces domestic and family problems, there economic problems too pester her which include greed for riches and lack of them both pester her psychologically. In this paper, above mentioned problems of women in Pakistani society has been discussed in the light of Islamic teachings.
THE IMPACT OF THE PROPHETIC SUNNAH ON CHARACTER BUILDING OF AN INDIVIDUAL PERSON
Authors: Hijazi Dr. Muhammad Sarwar , Akhtar Dr. Jamil
Published: June 2021

Character building of a person is very necessary to make any society better, healthier and superior as the construction of society depends upon the people's character building. A number of crime cases are evident that the character of most people is already in alarming phase. However family members, society, Islamic schools mad?ris, universities, and cultural activities can play vital role in character building. Improvement in our current situation as well as development of our future depends upon the building of people character. This study aims to highlight the impact of the Prophetic Sunnah and to show its effective role in building the character of a person individual through the selection of practical models of the true Sunnah, for example, showing great care for all aspects of human such as materialistic, mental and spiritual aspects. If we really want to improve our society or turn it to perfection, people will have to focus on character building, particularly on people's moral, spiritual and social character so that society can present the real portrait of peace and prosperity. This study concluded that the Prophetic Sunnah is rich in the educational principles which preceded the contemporary research and theories, making it first reference as a basic requirement.
A Rare Persian Interpretation Tabjil al tanzil of Subcontinent: research study on Manuscript of Surah Al-fatiha
Authors: Asdullah Dr. Sajid
Published: June 2021

The intellectual heritage in British–India includes literature of Christian missionaries which focusses missionary perspective and the literature of Muslim missionary in response. In this Case, literature based on polemic method from both sides has become quite important. Specialists of Muslim Christian relations and religious students should be aware of debates of this ere. The criticism on Quran seems quite abundance on social media from opponents and enemies as well as their efforts are quite evident on minds of habitual valiance to precariousness and skepticism. That’s why, the preacher and student of Islamic religion should bring in light the effort being made by Muslim scholars in response to their claims. One of selected flowers in the caravan of Muslim scholars is Abu Mansoor Dehlvi (1902 AD). Tabjil al Tanzil is one of the prominent Quranic Interpretation which focuses on the replies to objections raised against Islam and Quran by Christians in Sub continent. In this paper, author tried to find out this un-published interpretation (as it is supposed) and analyzed its first part containing on surah al fatiha (manuscript). In the result, he finds that polemic method is prevailed. And objections against Islam has been silently condemned.
Modharba Model of Takaful, Introduction and Solution in Practical Concerns of Present Implementations.
Authors: Salamat Irum , Rizvi Syeda Ayesha
Published: June 2021

Humanity is not immortal and suffers from accidents and disaster. These dangers may exist in the present or future and humans are compelled to face all kinds of dangers. So human beings have always been taking measures to overcome the dangers. Islam also allows for adopting different methods to overcome and indemnify all expected disasters but that methods should be in sharia limitations. Takaful is that kind of method that is practised in Muslim world. Takaful companies are offering takaful policies on the basis of Wakala, Waqf, Modharba and Hybrid models. This article makes awareness about a model of takaful, “Modharba model”. It explains the takaful Modharba model in the parameters of actual Introduction conditions and sharia bases of modharbat. It is resulted that this model has great contradiction with the concept of actual sharia modharbat. Many sharia concerns are found in this model that’s why this model is not suitable for Takaful. Takaful should be on the basis of pure Tabarrou. In which people help one another on the basis of mutual assistance and cooperation not because of just their own benefits.
Aproximación teórica de las necesidades del hombre y su relación con la configuración de la vivienda, el imaginario y la ciudad
Authors: Garcia Luz Marcela , Cotera Elizondo Pablo , Gallegos Medina Martín Francisco
Published: June 2021

La actual configuración de la ciudad, de la vivienda y la forma en que se conciben los imaginarios, condicionan el cumplimento de las necesidades esenciales del hombre, debido a la ideología mercantilista predominante, que subyuga al hombre a escenarios semejantes a los mencionados en el mito del lecho de Procusto, para imponer en aras una uniformidad de espacios insalubres.

El método a seguir en este capítulo es conceptual analítico deductivo y descriptivo, analizando información sobre el fenómeno vivienda, imaginarios y ciudad. Es, además un trabajo de carácter interdisciplinario. El enfoque descriptivo permitirá vincular las necesidades del hombre, partiendo de la teoría de Maslow con una implicación directa o indirecta en el bienestar del hombre, además, para agregar un hilo conductor a este artículo se tomarán recursos del método narrativo para la investigación.

El objetivo de este escrito es hacer un análisis entre las necesidades del hombre, y la configuración contemporánea de las ciudades, las viviendas, y en su carácter dentro de los imaginarios, con el fin de analizar las posibles vinculaciones con el bienestar.
Rendering the Popular as "Tradition": The Music of Virgilio "Pirot" Petcheller and the Panay Bukidnon Banda Music Practice in Panay Island, Philippines
Authors: Taton Jose Jr Rabara
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the popular music of Virgilio “Pirot” Petcheller had been included in the banda (ensemble) musical repertoire, practice and identity of several indigenous cultural communities in Panay Island located in Western Visayas, Philippines. Pirot’s music, particularly renderings of folk music genres, such as harana (serenade) and komposo (ballad), had been in mainstream broadcast media and were widely produced by the recording industry in the 1970s. Because of the parallels between his music and West Visayan folk practice, folk musicians categorically ascribe and recognise his music as dinuma-an (tradition and traditional) to refer to a standard folk canon with an associated pastoral imagery. Later, Pirot’s music had become emblematic of a regional folk, cultural and/or ethnic identity. This paper investigates the problematic fluidity of boundaries between traditional and popular music categories and its implications in the construction of identity in the Western Visayan context. I examine, on the one hand, how the popular music of Pirot are rendered as “tradition” notably through a discussion on musical aesthetics, lyricism and imagery and the complex socio-cultural and historical context musicians occupy. On the other hand, this paper also proffers a discussion on how this rendering or “traditionalisation” plays a role in the construction of identity among the Panay Bukidnon banda musicians. On this, I recognise the central role of cultural praxis and individual agency in the process and argue that musical categories, particularly the notion of ‘tradition’ and ‘traditional’, are self-conscious devices defined by, and are constitutive of practice.
Management of Chronic Fistula Using the Cardiac Septal Defect Occluder
Authors: de Oliveira Guilherme Henrique Peixoto
Published: June 2021

Therapeutic endoscopy plays a critical role in the management of gastrointestinal (GI) fistulas. Innovative endoscopic approaches have revolutionized the treatment of GI fistulas; however, current endoscopic treatment modalities require multiple sessions and are associated with highly variable success rates and safety profi les. Due to these currently limitations, the off -label use of cardiac septal defect occluders (CSDOs) has emerged as a promising device to treatment GI fi stulas, with early studies suggesting it to be a technically feasible, effective, and safe treatment. Therefore, we believe CSDO devices may be a preferred option for the management of refractory GI fistulas.
The Administrative Capability of The Barangay Governments in The Municipality of Jolo, Philippines
Authors: Basaluddin Kadafi A.
Published: June 2021

This research aims to: 1. Assess the administrative capability of the barangay governments in the Municipality of Jolo, 2. Find out factors adversely affecting the capability of these barangays, and 3. Propose alternative capability-building approach suitable for the subject barangays.This study utilized a descriptive method which involved one hundred nineteen (119) study samples determined through Purposive sampling. The administrative strength of the barangay governments in Jolo is mainly confined on the construction of rock-caused-ways and foot bridges. Other pressing problems in the community remained poorly addressed to the dismay of their respective constituents. Their capability of discharging the devolved function as required in the LGC of 1991 is minimal. By and large, the barangay governments in Jolo failed to fully realize the expectations of the code and to address the daily concerns of their constituents with utmost efficiency and effectiveness. Their capability is adversely affected factors such as: scarcity of resources, inadequate training, insufficient political support, poor inter-governmental coordination, and lack of accountability. The administration of most of these units is characterized by gross inefficiency, nepotism, and patronage system. The proposed alternative approach of enhancing the administrative capability of these units focused on the internal value reformation which is mainly anchored on the Islamic system of leadership which are suitable due to the fact that all barangay officials in Jolo are Muslims. Besides, any approach towards improving administrative capability will be doomed to fail if the local officials do not have the proper moral values. Local units possess different level of administrative capability. Hence, decentralization has to match with local capability and endowments. Thus, there is a need to revisit the code should the benefits of local autonomy is to be fully reaped.
Causes and Effects of Absenteeism among First Year College Students of the Mindanao State University – Sulu
Authors: Lukman Adamel K.
Published: June 2021

One of the major barriers to learning faced by the students and teachers in schools today is lack of consistent attendance. Poor student attendance has a far-reaching effect on the individual student especially on their academic performance in the school. This problem is caused by this major perennial problem—absenteeism. Absenteeism is a chronic absence in nature. It is habitual failure to attend school. When students regularly miss out classes consistently would entail disadvantages academically. However, the main purpose of this study was to identify the causes and effects of absenteeism among first year college students of the Mindanao State University-Sulu, as well as to determine and figure out possible remedies to address this problem. In analyzing and computing the data, the researcher used SPSS version 21.0, and utilized checklist questionnaire and an open-ended questionnaire, respondents were consisted of 100 first year college students and 9 faculty members the researcher was able to find out the leading cause of absenteeism among the first year college students of MSU-Sulu and that is ‘school is far from home’ with (3.06) mean value . While low grade point average (GPA) with mean value (3.78)  was the leading effect of absenteeism followed by poor critical thinking skills, other effects of absenteeism were, poor classroom performance, low examination results, poor oral recitation, poor creative skills, poor communication skills, lack of self-confidence, low comprehension and high risk of dropouts. The researcher was able to figure out remedies that can be applied to address the problem on absenteeism. The remedies include (a) there must be a student dormitory inside the campus to house the students since majority of the students enrolled in the university  are from distant island municipalities (b) conduct orientation to students and parents prior to the opening of regular classes (c) the university must have a strict policy dealing with students’ absenteeism (d) teacher or instructor should conduct regular assessment in the form of quiz at the end of the session (e) motivate and encourage the students to give more attention and emphasize the importance of education in their future (f) classroom atmosphere should be conducive to learning.
The Genetic Aspect of Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate towards Candidate Genes in the Etiology : A literature Review
Authors: Mala Kurniati  , RM Coen Pramono D  , Agung Sosiawan  , Ni Wayan Tirtaningsih
Published: June 2021

Cleft lip and cleft palate (CL/P) is a cleft lip deformity indicated by an opening or an uncommon cleft in the lip or roof of the mouth (palate). The differences in ethnicity, gender, and the correlation with genetic factors influence the prevalence of Non-syndromic CL/P. This study was conducted through a literature review on genes that were allegedly associated with Non-syndromic CL/P. Genetics play a role, to a greater or lesser extent, in all diseases. Besides, palatogenesis involves many diverse genes in a complex process. In this case, oral cleft phenotypes develop when this process is disrupted in some manner because of gene dysfunction. Various genetic approaches, including genome-wide and candidate gene association studies as well as linkage analysis, have been undertaken to identify etiologic factors, but results have often been inconclusive or contradictory. Therefore, it concludes that the genetic basis of CL/P is still controversial because of the genetic complexity of clefting.
Application of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Dentistry
Authors: Mutum Sangeeta Devi  , Manju J  , Ravi Ranjan  , Takhellambam Dhanapati Devi  , Binita Sorokhaibam
Published: June 2021

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological procedure commonly used by medical and paramedical practitioners in a variety of circumstances for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Similarly, it can be used during different dental procedures to relieve pain as well as pain due to different conditions that affect the maxillofacial area
Comparative Analysis of Mast Cell Density in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nandita K.P  , Srikant N  , Karen Boaz  , Amitha J Lewis  , Nidhi Manaktala
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies of the oral cavity. One of the foremost cells recruited near the tumor front is the mast cells. Mast cells produce angiogenic mediators such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), tumor necrosis factor, (TNF), and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 1. which are increased in precancerous lesions and found in more abundance in OSCC.Accumulation of mast cells around the tumor margins and their release of potent pro-angiogenic and angiogenic factors may represent a tumor-host interaction which probably favors tumor progression. The progression of oral lesions from dysplasia to oral squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by an “angiogenic switch” that is associated with an increase in the neovascularization of the subepithelial lamina propria, which may be considered an indicator of malignant transformation. 2MCs also represent a rich source of proteases, especially ofmast cell tryptase and chymase, which directly degrade the extracellularmatrix through their proteolytic activity and thus indirectly stimulate angiogenesis and facilitate invasion and metastasis. Theliterature has proven that mast cells can be an indicator of increased angiogenesis and hence can help in the prediction of carcinogenesis, its progression, and also the prognosis of the malignant lesions.Aim of the Study: To compare the number, morphology, and distribution of mast cells in different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to study their role in tumor growth and pathogenesisMaterials and Methods: A total of 39 cases, which included 13 cases of dysplasia and 26 of OSCC were included in the study. Tissue sections were stained with H&E and 1% toluidine blue was used to evaluate mast cells. Mast cells were counted manually using an ocular grid throughout the tissue sections in 10 representative grid fields in a stepladder fashion. (40x magnification).The mean mast cell density (MCD) of 10 fields was calculated and was expressed as mean (standard deviation) per mm3,4. Mast cells were then categorized as typical, atypical, or granular mast cells and statistically analyzed.5Result: In the present study, there is a decrease in the number of mast cells with severe grades of dysplasia and poorer grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

ConclusionMast cells may induce the tumor progression by providing a mitogenic stimulation or angiogenesis-the hallmark of the tumor growth and metastasis through the release of various mediators.
Space Occupying Lesion- Uncovering the Hidden Pathology of the Brain: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Mukul , Jahan Afsar , Rath Biplab , Singh Sudipta Ranjan , Mohanty Manoj Kumar
Published: June 2021

Sudden deaths as a result of undiagnosed primary intra-cranial lesions are the rarest of rare. A brought deadcase of 32-year-old female with past history of headache without any clinical diagnosis was found to be thecase of “transitional meningioma with focal rhabdoid differentiation which is histo-pathologically classifiedas WHO Grade 1 intra cranial lesion1. A complete autopsy including gross findings, internal findings withhistopathology and immuno-histochemistry can help us to diagnose the missed pathology to conclude thecause of death. It will also give the idea about autopsy-based statistics of these rare intra-cranial lesionswhich would help us to focus the cases with the history of headache to diagnose early with interventions andinvestigation including MRI or CT scan during life.
A Review: Quorum Sensing Phenomenon: Regulation of biofilm in Pseudomonas aurogenosa
Authors: Redha Aziz Rawa Abdul , Saud SuraAlaa , Mohameed Elaf Sameer
Published: June 2021

It is been mentioned that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous, gram negative, can infect patients withCystic fibrosis. Treatment of infections can often be difficult due to its ability to produce biofilm. It has beenrevealed that biofilms are enclosing architecture that would consist of planktonic cells to survive in harshenvironments. Biofilm is usually comprised of Pel, Psl, and Alginate, and many others to make a scaffoldthat bacteria can attach and start making microcolonies. The formation of the biofilm and Alginate layer isshown to be controlled by intricate cell-to-cell communication known as quorum sensing (QS). Finally, inthis report, we have taken the basic principles of what is P.aerogenosa, and how it is related to the cysticfibrosis disease. Also, we have illustrated the formation of biofilms and the regulation of biofilms to thequorum sensing LasR/LasI and RhlR/RhlI systems.
Effects of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on Neuron Damages in Hippocampus in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Razali Rezania , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Asrizal Cynthia Wahyu
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer commonly used worldwide. Studies haveshown that high dose of MSG could act as neurotoxic or excitotoxic agent for neurons in the central nervoussystem. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of MSG on neuron changes of hippocampusanimalmodel.Materials and Methods: A total of 25 white male Sprague-Dawleyrats, aged 8-10 weeks,were dividedinto5 groups (2 control groups (i.e., none and solvent group) and3 treatment groups that received2, 4and 6 mg/gram MSG orallyfor 30 days). Afterfour weeks on treatment, all animals were sacrificed and the entire braintissueswere removed and immediately fixed in formalin for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.Results:The percentage of damaged neurons in three Cornuammonisareas of hippocampus was higher inanimal supplemented with MSG compared to controls. At the highest MSG concentration (6 mg/gram),52.1%, 55.2% and 66.0% of neurons from Cornuammonis 1, 2, and 3, respectively were damaged. Thepercentage of neuron damages in hippocampus was in dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: Our data suggested that high dose of MSG increased thehippocampus neuron damages in dosedependenteffect. This suggests the neurotoxicity effect of high dose of MSG.
New Technologies of the Development of a Code of Bioethics
Authors: Mokhov Alexandr Anatolievich , Svirin Yury Alexandrovich , Gureev Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Posulikhina Natalya Semenovna , Pekshev Alexey Victorovich
Published: June 2021

The article examines the main challenges and threats to humankind caused by the New TechnologicalRevolution. Due to the development of genetic, information, and other technologies closely related topersonal and family data and the intervention of state and society into the physical and spiritual spheres ofindividuals and families, a significant role in making political, managerial, and other decisions is playedby civil society institutions. This includes procedures for the ethical and legal assessment (examination) ofnew technologies. During the rapid development of bioeconomics and the digital economy, both traditional(legislative norms) and non-traditional (norms of ethics, bioethics, and ethics of high technology) sourcesof law are gaining importance. In Russia, the issues of legal and ethical support for scientific, innovative,and other types of economic activity are still being formed. Following the path of innovative development,several developed economies adopted legal norms, legal institutions, and special laws to implement nationalbiopolicies. Methods: The authors of the article used general scientific methods (sociological, systemic,structural, and functional), the method of theoretical analysis, and special scientific methods (comparativelegaland technical-legal analysis, specification, and interpretation). The methodological basis of the researchwas laid by the theory of knowledge. Objective: The article aims to substantiate the need to adopt a Codeof Bioethics. This document should determine the foundations of biopolitics, its basic principles, objects,structures, and other constitutive features (characteristics). Results: The study has substantiated the need fordeveloping and adopting the Law “On Bioethics” and, subsequently, the Code of Bioethics.
A Study of Pattern of Snake-Bite Cases Admitted to Hospitals in Bagalkot
Authors: G. V. Shilpashri , Raj Vinay Manjunath , Kelvekar V. H. , Dayanand  , Kapse C S
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The present study was under taken to know the Sociodemographic profile of snake bite victims.Methods: This is a Hospital based case series study which included snake bite cases of both sex groups and all agegroups who presented with history of snake bite or history of unknown bite with clinical features suggestiveof snake bite admitted to HSK Hospital and all private Hospitals of Bagalkot city in one year duration from 15thApril 2010 to 14th April 2011. Results: Of the 75 cases, maximum victims were males 61.4%. Maximum 60%victims belonged to 20-49 yrs age group. There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of casesin the age group of 20-49yrs and also among males of the same age group. Majority of victim 93.3% belongedto rural region which was statistically significant and 60% of the victims were farmers by occupation. Most ofthe bites 60% occurred in fields. Bites were more 37.3% between 12.01PM to 6PM and during monsoon season60.1%. Most common site of bite was foot 45.3%. Krait was the most commonly identified snake and most of itsbites were between 12.01AM to 6AM.
Distribution of Cleft Lip and Palate at Cleft Lip and Palate Center Medical Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Riana A Ruby , Perdanakusuma David S. , Handayani Retno
Published: June 2021

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) and cleft palate (CP)are a common head and neck hereditary deformity. The highnumber of cases has prompted the Medical Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang to start communityservice by providing free surgery to repair cleft lip and palate (Cleft Lip and Palate Center Medical Facultyof Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang (CLP MFUMM)).Purpose: To find the distribution of cases from the year of surgery, sex, side of CL/P, cleft palate (CP),hospital where the surgery was performed and parent education level in CLP MFUMM, from 2019 until2020.Patients and Methods: Two hundred and five consecutive cleft lip subjects, with or without palates, andcleft palate attending CLP MFUMM from 2019 until 2020 were studied.Results:The most surgeries done is at the year of 2019 (69%). Most of the patients were male (55%).CL/P were the most frequent cases (94%). Complete cleft found mostly in male patient with left unilateralcleft (23%), while incomplete cleft found mostly in female patient also with left unilateral cleft (7%). Thepalate involvement found mostly in soft palate only and female patients (46%). The surgeries were mostlyperformed at RSI Aisyiyah Malang (60%). The education level of the parents is mostly elementary school(father 36%, mother 34%).Conclusion: CL/P were the most frequent. Complete cleft mostly in male patient with left unilateral cleft,while incomplete cleft mostly in female patient also with left unilateral cleft. The cleft palate was mostlysoft palate only and female patients.
A Toxidromic based Assessment of Patterns of Poisoning in a Tertiary Hospital in India
Authors: Choudhury Richa , Karoli Ritu , Agrawal Dipti
Published: June 2021

Acute poisoning is an important and common medical emergency. Acute poisoning is one of the major healthchallenges both in developing as well as developed countries 2, 3 Aim of the Study-We had conducted a studywith the objective to investigate the pattern of acute poisoning cases by utilizing the toxidromic approach ina tertiary care hospital in Uttar Pradesh. Material & Methods We had done an observational study on acutepoisoning patients presenting in the Emergency, Medicine, and Pediatrics department of Dr RMLIMS fromJanuary 2020 to January 2021.All consenting patients of both sexes with suspected poisoning were studied.Toxidromic approach based on clinical presentation of poisoned patients was utilized in identification ofthe type of poisoning. Observations & Results –total 82 cases were studied, we came across a total of 82poisoning cases seen over a period of 1 year in the emergency, medicine and paediatric wards of RMLIMS.There were 40 males and 42 females, with Cluster A containing 28 males and 27 females, whereas ClusterB had 12 males and 15 females, The relative risk and Odd’s ratio of total cases came out as 0.49 and 0.45respectively. Majority of the cases in Cluster A &B showed features of Cholinergic Toxidrome, followedby corrosives and sympatholytics, anticholinergic toxidromes and medical toxins. Conclusion: we needto develop appropriate medical facilities like extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a rescuemodality for patients with acute reversible life threatening cardiopulmonary conditions. Poison control centrewith Analytical Toxicology laboratory should be developed to handle and assist in advising the specific andappropriate management of poisoning cases.
Juicios metacognitivos en población infantil: una revisión de las tendencias conceptuales en investigación
Authors: Montoya Londoño Diana Marcela , Orrego Cardozo Mary , Puente Ferreras Aníbal , Tamayo Alzate Óscar Eugenio
Published: June 2021

Los juicios metacognitivos se refieren a las creencias que tienen los estudiantes antes, durante o después de verse enfrentados a una tarea de aprendizaje. En la perspectiva de los análisis bibliométricos, se encuentran como antecedentes del presente estudio, dos metaanálisis sobre juicios de aprendizaje realizados en Estados Unidos, en los que se demostró el efecto de los juicios demorados vs inmediatos.Objetivo: Establecer las tendencias conceptuales en la investigación actual sobre juicios metacognitivos para población infantil mediante una revisión sistemática. Método: Se desarrolló una búsqueda en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus en el período de análisis 2016-2020 para artículos publicados en idioma inglés. Una vez se aplicaron los criterios de selección, se procedió a realizar la elaboración de tablas, gráficas y análisis descriptivos. Resultados: Se analizaron finalmente 11 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión en el estudio. Se encontraron 4 tendencias conceptuales entre las que se evidenció una importante orientación del campo hacia los estudios de monitoreo metacognitivo y aprendizaje autorregulado; una orientación menor de las investigaciones sobre trabajos en medición de juicios y en evaluación formativa a nivel de la autoevaluación. Conclusión: Se evidencia un énfasis en las tendencias de investigación por los trabajos de intervención sobre el monitireo metacognitivo.