bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Algerian Post-Independence Linguistic Policy - a Recovery of National Identity
Authors: Sahel Dr. Malika
Published: July 2017

The Arabic language and education in Algeria faced hard times under the French occupation and witnessed the dramatic decline of literacy rate among the Algerian population up to independence (1830-1962). Indeed French determined and well-planned history of domination, systematic illiteracy, linguistic and cultural alienation and socio-economic deprivation had a significant impact on the form, pace, direction and purpose of educational strategy options in post-independence Algeria. Accordingly, the planned objectives of Algerian policy were to regain identity, ensure personality growth of the young Algerian generations and lay the ground for the learning of modem technologies in order to participate in the national development and cope with economic demands of the modem world.
Tourism Policy and Enabling Conditions; A Comparative Analysis Related to Mediterranean Destinations
Authors: Goral Ramazan
Published: July 2017

On the study, competitive position of eight destinations on Mediterranean Basin (Turkey, Greece, Italy, France, Spain, Egypt , Tunisia and Morocco ) related to Tourism Polıcy and Enabling Conditions were analyzed as comparative in terms of both index wide and also sub-factors as Data of Travel and Tourism Competition Index (TTCI) which was published by World Economic Forum in 2015 was used. According to analysis ' s findings, most competitive first three destinations are respectively Spain, Greece and Tunisia in terms of general index of Tourism Polıcy and Enabling Conditions. Destinations' cImpetitive positions' order changes in terms of sub-factors. Five point likert scale was used to make meaningful country's competitive position by points that it got from criteria belonging to countries' sub-factors. Accordingly, the following points which countries got from criteria express competitive positions: 5= Very well, 4=Well, 3=Medium, 2=Bad ,1=Very bad. Moreover, when eight destinations on Mediterranean Basin are evaluated, there is a significant relation between Tourism Polıcy and Enabling Conditions and Tourism Income and Number of Tourist in terms of statistics.
Factors Affecting the Profitability of Insurance Companies in Albania
Authors: Kripa Dorina , Ajasllari Dorina
Published: July 2017

Good performance of a company determines the position of the company in its market and the growth and consolidation of the market, giving as result the development of the economy as a whole. The importance of this topic further enhanced when dealing with insurance companies because: 1) insurance companies’ transfers risk in the economy 2) provide a mechanism to promote savings 3) promote investment activities. The growing importance of insurance companies in Albania and the importance of profitability as one of the key performance metrics of a company are the reasons why we decide to write this paper. The variation of profits between insurance companies over the years, within a country, leads to believe that internal factors play a major role in determining profitability. We have taken under study the impact of growth rate, liabilities, liquidity, fixed assets, volume of capital and company size on the profitability of insurance companies. The methodology used is based on quantitative methods and the data are provided by reliable sources such as annual reports of insurance companies’, FSA reports and NRC . We have taken under study 7 companies, including non-life and life insurance companies, from 2008- 2013. The results of the paper show that factors such as growth rate, liabilities, liquidity and fixed assets are the main factors affecting the profitability of insurers, where the growth rate is positively associated with profitability, while liabilities, liquidity and fixed assets are negatively correlated. Company size and the volume of capital are positively correlated with the profitability of insurance companies’, but their impact is statistically insignificant.
The Appraisal of Commitment in Organizational Environments- Differentiating Organizational Commitment from Employee Satisfaction
Authors: Florea Radu
Published: July 2017

In order to acquire (and maintain) a high degree of commitment of a company’s staff certain conditions must be met both general – that are valid for most organizations focused on profit - and specific - depending on the particularities of each company. Commitment is very relevant in calibrating the business strategy of companies in order to develop employees but also as a central objective for change management. At a general level, building commitment is conditioned on communication with employees on effective leadership, a high degree of satisfaction and a low degree of resistance to change. Change management theorists suggest that any kind of change - both planned and critical incident related- will have negative implications on organizational commitment. Becker considers communication as one of the main factors that affect commitment, important in the growth and continuation. Communication also has implications for organizational culture calibration, transmission of messages via multiple channels and is affected by several factors including commitment (Keyton, 2010). The main difference between commitment and satisfaction is strongly related to the emotional and affective study dimensions of Meyer and Allen’s model on commitment (Keyton, 2010); although satisfaction can generate certain reactions from employees, it has a wide range of meanings from which results can be reported. Commitment may have different affective values because of the implications that it generates and because of their complexity. Accuracy is the most important feature as it helps in measuring commitment and maintaining a high degree of objectivity in data interpretation. Measuring attitudes in social sciences is a subject often problematic because the instruments used do not meet the criteria of validity - do not measure what needs to be measured. Therefore, the measurements may be inaccurate without the use of an appropriate methodology for identifying the exact coefficients of the survey indicators.
The Policy for Maintenance of National and Rural Roads Network in Albania
Authors: Golgota Alma , Bardhi Diana
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the effects of Territorial Reform on the maintenance of national and rural roads and makes recommendations regarding the implementation of maintenance under the new organisational structure. The background and logic behind those recommendations is elaborated in the body of the paper through summarising the principal actions and policies required to be adopted in order to achieve a proper standards of road maintenance under the new territorial strategy system of local government. It is important to recognise that the roads which will fall under the responsibility of the new bodies are just a part of the overall road system. They should not be considered in isolation and in some respects it is desirable that national policies and standards be adopted which will cover the whole of the road system. In these areas it is important that policy development take place in the context of cooperation between the various responsible institutions, primarily Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Local Issues, Albanian Roads Authority( ARA), Albanian Development Fund (ADF) and the new local government authorities, the LGA s.
Trademark Protection, Absolute and Relative Grounds for Refusal of Trademark
Authors: Emruli Safet , Nuhiu Agim , Kadriu Besa
Published: July 2017

A trademark is a sign that individualizes the goods of a given enterprise and distinguishes them from the goods of its competitors. Trademark may consist letters, words, slogans, symbols, numerals, pictures, name, logo, even sounds and smell. They are based on registration. One registered trademark gives to his owner the right to exclude others from using an identical or similar mark to identify its goods or service on market. Trademark owners should apply for registration by filling an application in national level, in their national office for protecting trademark rights which trademark will be protected only in that current country and in international level by filling one application where his trademark will be protected in many country depending in which country he has mark the protection. The law does not recognize every possible mark or symbol as a valid trademark, there are some criteria that one sign or mark have to satisfy to gain the trademark protection. Any sing which is not able to distinguish the goods and services can not be registered, and this is one of the reasons for rejection of registration. Sign or mark must be a “trademark”, must not fail on the absolute and relative grounds. Sign can be refusal for absolute ground if is not able to distinguish the goods and services. Unprotected mark will be consider also mark in conflicts with a prior right in another trademark or other distinctive sign will also be refusal, in this case for relative ground. Accordantly to this, the owner, during creating his mark should be original, natural, creative etc.
Monitoring and Evaluating the Performance of Teachers Through the Process of Observation in the Classroom
Authors: Laska Lon
Published: July 2017

When we discuss about the framework of the teaching hour, we can conclude that it is the main axis of the work of teachers in the school institutions. However, during the recent years it has been a subject of discussion the idea that learning timeframe has changed in all its dimensions or aspects. Then, the question arises as to how much really the class teaching has changed so far? What’s the professional level of preparedness of the teachers, in order to achieve a successful teaching hour? In this regard though, the evaluation of a teaching class, it should not only be done by the competent persons, but they must be also prepared in all the professional aspects. In this paper we will not talk about the learning and observation process in itself as a method of teaching and learning, but we will be focused mainly on the observation which is performed by the monitoring inspectors, the school director etc. during the teaching and educational process. The observation as a method it has mainly been used to supplement and verify the accuracy of the other methods. So far, the monitoring teamwork should pay attention to the process of observation, by including all the facts, the situations and aspects that are associated with the monitoring facilities, including all necessary aspects that help us find the truth and accuracy of the issues that we are being interested at.The methods, techniques and strategies enable us to objectively monitor and evaluate, in an effective and useful way, therefore the planning and methodology, as well as their use, are the main "pillars" of monitoring / evaluation of teaching performance. Thus, these methods and techniques enable us collecting relevant data and information, which are related to the performance of teachers on the basis of the measures and actions for corrections, improvements, promotions, incentives, licensing and full accountability. What methods, techniques and strategies we are going to use, it depends on the type of our monitoring and evaluation objectives. Also, it depends on whether we are dealing with the external or internal monitoring and evaluation process. In this paper we will try to present the observation method, such as an effective method for collecting data and evaluating the work of teachers. We will also examine some of the key aspects of observation: the observation planning, preparation, monitoring, the undergoing process of observation and the analysis after observation
The Impact of Modern Trends in the Social Work and Social Care in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Nackovska – Veljkovikj Biljana
Published: July 2017

Social care is an organised network of institutional and non-institutional facilities designed to meet the needs of citizens. The reforms that are taking place in social protection are influenced by modern trends in social work, expressed through decentralization, de-institutionalization, pluralism, strengthening of civil society and the possibility of providing private services, affecting and enriching the content of social work. These change the relationship to the client's position and improve the professionalism of social worker. Changes in social policy, resulting from diverting from central to local level, influence and give direction to the overall social activity. The paper describes the three components thereof (areas): the state of social work and social protection in the Republic of Macedonia, rights and services in the social protection system in the Republic of Macedonia and research part. Starting from the assumption that modern trends affect reforms in the social protection system of the Republic of Macedonia, this paper aims to determine the state of social protection in the Republic of Macedonia. The aim is to gain knowledge about the situation and the changes occurring in the social institutions of public character, influenced by modern trends. Also this paper makes analysis of the legislation in the Republic of Macedonia in the field of social protection. Ultimate goals of the implementation of reforms in the social protection are the welfare of the beneficiary, improving the quality of work and professional development of social workers.
Evolution of Excise (Coffee, Tobacco and Beer) over the Years. Its Impact on Consumption for the Period 2010 – 2015
Authors: Harremi Marsida , Nasto Kostandin
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to make a brief description of the evolution of the excise group - products of coffee, cigarette and beer. An important part of the study also occupies a simple analysis that shows how consumption affects the excise in these groups - consumer products and their effects on the health of consumers. This analysis is based on data from Customs of the Republic of Albania on the imported quantity of coffee, tobacco and beer, for a period 2010 - 2015. The analysis we reach the conclusion that the reduction of the level of excise increase the amount of coffee imported as a result of higher consumption of this product. The cigarette product fluctuations in the level of excise, but in general terms we can say that the cigarette excise tax increase and consequently comes to the imported quantity is reduced. We can say that the reduction of imports have also affected other factors such as the implementation of the Anti - smoking and awareness raising of consumers for having harmful effects of consumption of this product. The same situation applies to the beer product. Reduction of excise affects directly to reduce the quantity of import of this product. Evolution of the levels of excise duty over the years, the group mainly products coffee, tobacco and alcoholic beverages (beer).
Internal Migration and Integration of Migratory Children in Gymnasiums of Durres
Authors: Balla Nereida
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study is to identify the problems that demographic movement has on children of displaced families from rural to urban areas. On this groundwork, the shock on the dimensions of the demographic shift in the level of adjustment is placed as well as children's education displaced to the outcomes of dismissing out of school. Viewed in this perspective, diverse nature of school problems factors and other characteristics that influence this phenomenon are shown. Instructors, students and parents' point of sight is practically brought through methodological argumentation of theoretical and empirical aspects reaching relevant conclusions. This field serves the governing bodies, policymakers and the public to address and improve the adaptation and teaching of this social rank, in prospect of the diversity and achievements in the educational process made by modern standards with all kids. This work concentrates on the variables of family functioning as good as its demographic characteristics, in cooperation with parents and teachers in some views of parent involvement in students' education. Founded on the theory the biological development teenaged Bronfenbrenner (1976), the subject of family environment (interaction of family members with each other) was rated of a great importance to education, in particular the cooperation of school staff with parents. Specifically, this study:- Determines the impact of teacher-parent relationship and vice versa, and in migration or no to the children of displaced families on school spirit.
Subtyping Gambling Acitivities: Case of Korca City, Albania
Authors: Shahini Besa , Frasheri Emil
Published: July 2017

Gambling research has grown dramatically over the past 2-3 decades, however a lack of consensus regarding the risk factors and gambling etiology related to youth problem gambling still remain. So a better understanding of the nature of youth problem gambling could help us to clarify the etiology of gambling problems. Understanding gambling subtypes is necessary to improve our understanding of the etiology of problem gambling. The prediction of problem gambling is related with the participation in gambling activities. It is necessary to obtain a structure of gambling activities, in order to better understand gambling related problems and to treat problems in a more specified manner. The aim of the study was to determine the appropriate structure of gambling activities using factor analysis in a confirmatory framework. Students are a particularly interesting population in which to study gambling. The research utilized a cross-sectional design and self-report questionnaires. The study concludes that the two-factor solution better represents the chance-and skill-based gambling activities. The first factor is most strongly associated with chance-based activities (lottery, bingo, scratch cards). The second factor is most strongly associated with activities that require some degree of skill (poker, roulette, sport bet, racing, etc. ).
The Role of Ethnic-Based Social Capital in Establishing the Spatial Consensus Among Urban Growth Coalitions
Authors: Hossein Sharifzadegan Mohammad , Joudi Gol Lar Pouya , Malekpourasl Behzad
Published: July 2017

Local power structure in the framework of urban growth coalition theory includes a set of property owners and place entrepreneurs who pursue their goal in establishing and maintaining consensus, providing the right conditions for outside investment and maximizing the “rents” by trapping human activities in place. Social capital, as part of the social structure, is the collective capacity of social groups for cooperation and common function to achieve public good. By translating public good to urban growth in physical context, urban coalition strives to construct a city environment in which the citizens come to the agreements and establish social relationships to maximize the profits from urban growth. Therefore, one can ascertain social capital as an instrument for dominance of urban growth coalition on urban politics. The overall aim of this article is to explore ethnic-based social capital, its crucial role on establishing consensus and facilitating the development of relationships between members of urban growth coalition, and seeks to analyze mechanisms that generate ethnic-based social capital so that urban coalition uses all networked positions and social linkage to achieve its goals.
Measurement of Economic Development and Interdependence of Countries
Authors: Korganashvili Larisa
Published: July 2017

At the present time to assess countries economic development, mostly used indicators are per capita GDP and GDP. However, these indicators do not sufficiently reflect the level of economic development of countries. In this regard, for clarification of GDP a correction factor and to determine the interdependence of countries - the interdependence factors are proposed.
Violence Against Women and Femicides in Turkey
Authors: Tasdemir Afsar Selda
Published: July 2017

Women are exposed to many types of violence such as physical, economic and psychological violence all over the world. The women in Turkey also take their shares from this exposure and this problem is extremely painful, threatening and unpreventable. The topic of violence against women is included in literature as the research subject of many disciplines recent years however it is considered as violation of fundamental human rights that manintains its importance but cannot be prevented easily. It is tried to focus on, explain and evaluate the violence against women and femicides, unequal power relations between men and women, status of women in society and the interaction with patriarchal structure in Turkey in this study. This explanation and evaluation is made according to the statistics of gender mainstreaming, violence against women and femicides in Turkey and the reasons of violence against women and femicides. According to this evaluation, the women in Turkey generally exposed to violence by familiar people, especially by their partners and/or other men in the parent. In addition to physical violence, sexual violence is the most common type of violence and the impact of the general perspective of society and public organizations on women and the hierarchical relationship between men and women on violence should be considered in the evaluation of violence fact. The case of femicide is also underwhelming. There is a significant increase in femicides since 2008 until today in Turkey. ‘Taking decision by woman for her own life’ and ‘claiming divorcement’ are the most common reasons given by offenders to kill women and these reasons prove that the patriarchal system in Turkey does not consider woman as an individual and subordinates women. The idea of taking decision by woman for her their own lives and claiming for divorcement is perceived as a rebellion to power of men, a disengagement from dominance field of men and a failure of power of men. Men are strong and brave who bring home the bacon, save the honor of family, establish dominance on partner and children and commit violence when required to ensure this dominance and femicide is also included in this violence.
The Effect of Workshop Training Method and Electronic Teaching Method on Mathematics Learning
Authors: Safari Azam , Hosseini Zahra
Published: July 2017

The present study with the aim to investigate the effect of training by using of electronic content and workshop method on math learning of high school students of eighteen region of Tehran has been done. The research method was applied and quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The study population included all girl students studying at second year of high school in public schools of eighteen region of Tehran in the 94-95 school year that by using of sampling method three classes were selected. The first experimental group with electronic content and the second experimental group by using of workshop method were trained that with the control group, who were trained in the traditional way, were compared. To determine the effect of work of education on math learning in the three groups, the analysis of covariance and ANOVA were used. The results showed that math scores in the two experimental groups were higher than the control group. Also, comparing the post test scores of math learning in the two experimental groups showed that the training by using of workshop method more than training with electronic content has effect on math learning.
Turkish Geoeconomics and Its Influence in Albania
Authors: Lami Blendi
Published: July 2017

Geopolitics is often used in reference to the use of geography in determining and shaping the international relations/foreign policy agenda of individual nation states. According to the proponents of the concept of geopolitics, political predominance in the international political system is not just a question of the general power and human resources at a country’s disposal, but also of the geographical undertones within which a particular country exercises its available chunks of power. The rise of geoeconomics as an eminent replacement to geopolitics even becomes more significant in place of Turkey owing to its geopolitical position. The country is strategically surrounded by Europe, Asia, the Middle East and former Soviet states. The dynamics provided by the geopolitical position Turkey ushered in increased calls for the country to take up an active role in its foreign policy endeavors, and with it, a utilization of geoeconomics as a formidable strategy to push for Turkey’s agenda in the Balkan region, especially Albania. Based on the geoeconomic and geocultural conception of the Balkan region, Davutoglu, the architect of new Turkish foreign policy, contents that the only way Balkan states can maintain their strategic importance is by reestablishing their success through intensive political dialogues and pursuing integrated economic policies. These are the endeavors of a country keen on utilizing economic values and principles to cement its political power in the Balkan region, and supplement its political influence over Albanian territories.
Modern Greek Church Fairs and Pilgrimage Tourism
Authors: Varvounis Manolis , Rodosthenous Nicos
Published: July 2017

The systematic study of church fairs, especially those of urban parishes in large urban centers, as carried out in recent years, has shown that there are many new customary and ritual forms that are created and adopted, often transformed to be enriched and made more attractive to the people. Ιn this notice we will deal with certain interesting aspects of this contemporary customary reality. Through this adoption of customary forms, with their subsequent changes and amendments by the people on the basic characteristics of its live tradition, both the renewal of the tradition and the enrichment of the customary life of the people is achieved. This, in turn, is essential for the vitality and the continuation of the social impact and the acceptance of the tradition, which is an active procedure in progress, and not a set of fossilized situations, things, opinions, and actions. This is directly connected to the interior pilgrimage tourism since the organized visits of the believers to a place are frequent, specifically in order to take part in some great religious festival, which takes place there. In this process, the so critical from a cultural perspective since it's linked to the substance of our daily tradition itself, the novel elements of our contemporary religious fairs are critical points, as shown above in detail.
Recognition of a Person’s Rights and Ethical Fulfilment
Authors: Brugiatelli Vereno
Published: July 2017

Man's ethical fulfilment often faces objective obstacles in the deprivation of rights. The negation of the recognition of certain fundamental rights, or worse, the radical misrecognition of man, which translates into different forms of violence, often artfully disguised both on an individual and collective level, produces devastating consequences in the private life of a person upsetting all forms of positive self-esteem. The recognition of human qualities, accompanied by the right to express and extend them, is an integral part of the ethical life of each individual and, at the same time, constitutes a fundamental moment in the construction of a responsible civilized community. In this dissertation, I aim to analyse the connection between ethical life and human rights in order to draw attention to the repercussions that the recognition and misrecognition of liberty produce with regard to man's ethical fulfilment. From this perspective, I intend to highlight the importance of the existence of favourable juridical and institutional conditions to ensure ethical fulfilment. At this level, I will underline that the deprivation of capabilities is often the main cause of the profound sense of discontent affecting individuals in their desperate attempt to realise a type of existence which corresponds to their ambitions.
The Impress of Memory on the Postmodern Self in Audre Lorde Bell Hooks and Rebecca Walker
Authors: Abdurrahmani Tidita
Published: July 2017

The question of Self and memory is inextricably linked to the question of the representation and representability as well as to the uniqueness or iterability of the sense of the Self. Criticisms through the times suggest thinking of the sense of Self in terms of one's memory for it--not how faithfully you represent yourself, but rather how accurately you remember your past Self and how much you know about your present Self. Memory is the key element in determining the production of an autobiographical work, it is the author's memory and his sense of Self which determines how accurately he will transpose his life in front of us and correspondingly the one that decides whether autobiography will take the form of a memoir, a semi-fictional autobiography, or a completely fictionalized version of one's life. The relationship between Self and memory has initially been considered by John Locke in his "Essay Concerning Human Understanding"(1698). In his view, a person's identity comprises of whatever a person can remember from his or her past. Consequently, what the person does not remember is not part of his identity. Differing from the other critics, Locke believed that identity and selfhood have nothing to do with continuity of the body, they are rather an extension of memory. The paper delves into the postmodern autobiographical writings of three women-of -color including Audre Lorde, bell hooks and Rebecca Walker .The autobiographies in this study share the arrangement of events in the form of quilts made of accidentally stitched patches, the presentation of life as a fictional narrative and the treatment of the forgotten past as a remembrance and a revisiting. While Audre Lorde s and bell hooks accounts bring an emphasis on myth,(hooks on the construction of a dreamscape and Lorde on the arrangement of the psychological quilt of life), Rebecca Walker asserts that wishful forgetting and the conditioned amnesiac status contribute to the preservation of the fluid character of memory, its organization into dualities and the increased impermanence of the autobiographical account. The reliability of memory, together with the accuracy of life writing determines the classification of a narrative as memoir, autobiography or fictional autobiography. The autobiography criticism corpora are the ones to question the mnemonic truth and the reconciliation of the forces of signification.
Modern Teaching Versus Traditional Teaching- Albanian Teachers Between Challenges and Choices
Authors: Balliu Valbona
Published: July 2017

Education lies in the foundations of the nation. Providing knowledge to generations, consolidating their future, inspiring them to incarnate benevolence and esteem splendor, valor and good principles has been one of the oldest professions of mankind, the noblest and the most difficult tasks. It is very significant that Albania and its schools have been subject of this paper. The 25-year period of the country’s transition and the opening of the Albanian society to the Western World Modernization brought profound changes to the Albanian education institutions, in terms of the curricula, management and the teaching processes. The greatest part of teachers in Albania was educated during the communist period, where pedant and traditional teaching prevailed, mainly deriving from the Russian Academics. Traditional methods consider teachers as the center of the teaching process; as well as managers and the main and referential source of the scientific information. Novelties in the teaching-learning methods applied by Western Schools focus on student centered teaching; they create a variety of situations in which students evolve critical thinking. These methods have been acquired by teachers but, in the conclusions of our paper we noticed that, occasionally, they applied traditional teaching methods (especially in the scientific subjects). There is still space and worth for discussion regarding traditional teaching methods versus the modern ones. Various scholars have considered traditional teaching as the method developing theoretical thinking, whereas modern teaching develops practical skills, pragmatist and able to be oriented to the frenetic development of the world. Teachers, especially those teaching subjects like mathematics, physics and chemistry, consider traditional teaching to be more serious since students achieve better results in these subjects when outdated teaching methods have been applied. This paper and its conclusions can be considered interesting since confrontation of ideas regarding teaching methods remains a challenge for all teachers.
Recognition and Enforcement of International Arbitral Awards in Albania. Current hallenges to the Albanian Domestic Law
Authors: Spahiu Artan
Published: July 2017

The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the New York Convention) is described as the most successful treaty in private international law. For more than half a century this document has contributed to the protection of incomparable values of free trade. In this way it served well also to the interests of human society, providing a valuable contribution to the world economic development. Legal instruments of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the Republic of Albania do not justify the rightful place of arbitration mechanism in resolving international commercial disputes. The domestic normative framework that governs the enforcement of such awards is not fully sufficient. Albania has ratified the New York Convention more than 40 years after its entry into force, but that's not enough. In fact, the enforcement of arbitral awards which resolve international commercial disputes is facing with the lack of a modern legal framework and an unconsolidated jurisprudence. Since last 15 years, the New York Convention is part of Albanian legal order, but its implementation is not appropriate. Mostly this is due to the lack of approaching process of the Albanian legislation to the international standards in this field. Adoption and implementation of legal instruments in accordance with the international legal framework, for the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, will be a good service to the integration process of the Albanian economy.
Benefits of Golf Tourism to a Suburban Settlement: The Case of Ilara-Mokin in Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel Adebayo Adewunmi
Published: July 2017

Sports and associated facilities form a major tourist attraction and contribute to the development of host communities across the globe. This includes the benefits accruing from golf tourism to host settlements. This research focused on the benefits of Smokin Hills Golf Course which is located in a suburban settlement, Ilara-Mokin, in Ondo State, Nigeria. It investigated the benefits of the existence of the golf course to the community at large and to its residents. It equally obtained the negative sentiments of residents of the community about the existence of the golf course. Clustered and stratified sampling techniques were employed to obtain data from a purposive sample size of 150 residents in a culturally and economically homogenous Ilara-Mokin. A structured questionnaire and an interview guide were utilised to obtain relevant data from selected residents and the golf course officials. Among other findings, it was discovered that social benefits outweighed economic benefits accruing to the community while the economic benefits were dominated by sales of consumables such as foods, drinks and farm produce. Recommendations include further infrastructural development of the town and an improved wage for workers at the golf course as indicated by residents.
Mentoring and Career Development of Academics in Colleges of Education in Cross River State Nigeria
Authors: Undiyaundeye Florence A. , Basake Julius. A.
Published: July 2017

Currently the reasons for mentoring in our career is on the increase as the operational environment is embedded with risk , change ,staff competition, unethical career practices , high uncertainty, unfavourable government policy implementation and ignorance of the role of mentors being in control of the weak site. It is grossly required for good mentoring to be in our educational system of rewards and promotion. The study therefore investigates mentoring and career development of academia in colleges of education in Cross River state, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study comprised all the 1075 Chief lecturers and young lecturers ’while multi choice sampling technique was used to sample 570 respondents. One research question and two research hypotheses guided the study. The researcher developed questionnaires tagged ‘Mentoring and Career Development for Academia Questionnaire’ (MCDAQ). Questionnaire containing 12 items was the instrument for data collection, which was validated by three experts from the University of Calabar, Calabar with total reliability coefficients of 0.82. Mean ratings and standard deviation were used in answering the research questions. While T test was used in testing the hypothesis. The major findings of the study revealed that mentoring is in practices in collages of education in Cross River state, Nigeria. That there is mentoring relationships among academic staff. The study also revealed that female face more challenges in course mentoring than the male academic
The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Psychological Well-being with the Moderating Effects of Mindfulness: A Study of International Students in Taiwan
Authors: Tzu-Ping Yang , Wei-Wen Chang
Published: July 2017

According to Ministry of Education of Taiwan, numbers of international students studying in Taiwan gradually increased. However, studies showed that their learning outcome is significantly influenced by their psychological well-being (PWB). Therefore, this study examines the factors affecting PWB. In this study, cultural intelligence (CQ) is seen as a potential predictor for PWB. CQ is defined as the ability to deal with different cultural context, and it includes four dimensions, namely cognitive CQ, metacognitive CQ, motivational CQ and behavioral CQ. Besides, as people pay more attention to unfamiliar exotic things when being abroad, their consciousness on the present moment, so-called mindfulness, plays an important role for their well-being. Therefore, mindfulness is examined as a moderator in the relationship between CQ and PWB. Quantitative approach is applied in this study. The samples are 110 international students studying in Taiwan. The self-report questionnaire composed by Ryff’s 18-item scale, Cultural Intelligence Scale and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale is distributed on-line. The collected data go through descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results show that metacognitive CQ and PWB has a significant relationship with an R2 of .231. Besides, motivational CQ is positive related to PWB with an R2 of .142. According to the statistic result of this study, future research can put efforts on how to enhance metacognitive and motivational CQ, like designing related cultural program courses before students’ departure, in order to better international students’ PWB.
The Updating in Satir’s Family Therapy Model
Authors: Yıldırım Neşide
Published: July 2017

Virginia Satir (1916-1988) is one of the first experts who has worked in the field of family therapy in the United States. In 1951, she was one of the first therapists who has worked all members of the family as a whole in the same session. She has concentrated her studies on issues such as to increase individual's self-esteem and to understand and change other people's perspectives. She has tried to make problematic people compatible in the family and in the society through change. From this perspective, change and adaptation are the two important concepts of her model. This is a state of being and a way to communicate with ourselves and others. High self-confidence and harmony are the first primary indicator of being a more functional human. She starts her studies with identifying the family. She uses two ways to do this; the first one is the chronology of the family that is history of the family, the second one is the communication patterns within the family. With this, she updates the status of the family. Updating is the detection of the current situation. The detection of the situation, in other words updating, constitutes the very essence of the model that she implements. In this study, communication patterns within the family are discussed for the updating, the chronological structure has not been studied. The characteristics of family communication patterns, the model of therapy that is applied by Satir for these patterns and the method which is followed in the model are discussed. According to her detection, the people who face with problems, use one of those four patterns or a combination of them. These communication patterns are Blamer, Sedative/Accepting, distracter/irrelevant and rational. Satir expresses that these four patterns are not solid and unchanging but all of them “can be converted”. For example, if one of the family members is usually using the soothing (sedative/accepting) pattern, in this case, it means that he/she wants to give the message that he/she is not very important in the inner world of the individual itself. However, if such a communication pattern is to be used repeatedly by an individual, he/she must know how to use it. According to Satir, this consciousness may be converted to a conscious gentleness and sensitivity that is automatically followed to please everyone. This study was carried out by using the copy of Satir’s book, which was originally called “The Conjoint Family Therapy” and translated into Turkish by Selim Ali Yeniçeri as “Basic Family Therapy” and published in Istanbul by Beyaz Yayınları in 2016. It is expected that the study will provide support to the education of the students and family therapists.
The Use of Terminological Lexicon in Making Phraseological Units
Authors: Stojani Dr. Edita , Vrapi Prof.As. Fatmir
Published: July 2017

Terminological lexicon can be found in everyday life, depending on the situation and the speakers. The question that arises is: How can we use technical and scientific terms when the terminological lexicon belongs to a certain language for specific purposes and the specialists of specific fields can use to communicate among themselves by using this lexicon. The use of terms in this form of communication can have various specific lawyers, thus conceptual difficulty. Based on this conclusion we must take into consideration that terminological lexicon is an integral and inseparable part of general lexicon because composites are made from this lexicon, borrowing are taken and structural and semantic calques are made, despite being one-word or multi-word raising them to the level of term and giving them the accuracy and monosemy. Technical and scientific terms depending on the development of the various fields of study, are not used only in communication among specialists but in other fields. This ‘cooperation’ is present in almost all information, data, textbooks and extracurricular books, written press, conversations etc.
Classes for gifted children as a development factor of self-awareness in primary school
Authors: Gudzovskaya Phd Alla , Mishkina Phd Marina
Published: July 2017

The article dwells on the issue of self-awareness development in primary schools. The paper offers theoretical and empirical researches of the issue. The empirical research is based on Newtten’s method of “unfinished ideas” (modified by A.B. Orlov); Newtten’s the scale of temporary settings; self-appriciation method “Tree” or “Find yourself” (modified by L.P. Ponomarenko); content-analysis of the composition “I am a human being”. In conclusion the article provides pedagogical recommendations to a constructive development of self-awereness of pupils. The article was written with the support of Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation, project 15-06-10726 (а).
Critic and Maut Methods for the Contract Manufacturer Selection Problem
Authors: Adalı Esra Aytaç , Işık Ayşegül Tuş
Published: July 2017

Nowadays companies should respond and satisfy the customer needs effectively and quickly to establish a position in the competitive market. One of the ways of achieving these goals is the outsourcing their some manufacturing operations to contract manufacturers. Outsourcing manufacturing operation to contract manufacturers decreases the operational cost, increases the profit and provides the flexibility of production capability. So the selecting a contract manufacturer for a company is an important problem that must be dealt very carefully. This selection is influenced by quantitative and qualitative criteria and it is handled as Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. In this paper, CRITIC (CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) and MAUT (Multi Attribute Utility Theory) methods are applied to the contract manufacturer selection problem. The weights of the contract manufacturer selection criteria are derived from CRITIC method whereas the complete ranking of the contract manufacturer alternatives are obtained by using MAUT. Finally the results are discussed.
Self-Affirmation Effect on Risk Perception and the Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy in Anti-Alcohol Messages
Authors: Ph.D Milena Stanojlović , Cambra Prof. Ubaldo Cuesta , Paredes Ph.D. Candidate Borja
Published: July 2017

The beneficial effect of self-affirmation on the reduction of people’s defensive responses and the increase in message acceptance has been widely demonstrated in different health-related topics. However, little is known about the specific conditions in which self-affirmation strategies might be more effective. Our objective is to explore the interplay of self-affirmation and self-efficacy in the context of alcohol consumption. Recruited participants were randomly assigned to either a self-affirmation group or a no-treatment group and exposed to a video describing several consequences of alcohol consumption. Following the message exposure, participant’s drinking refusal self-efficacy was measured together with their perceived risk of daily alcohol intake. In line with our predictions, self-affirmed individuals who reported higher drinking refusal self-efficacy perceived daily alcohol consumption as a significantly higher risk than those who were assigned to the no-treatment condition. In contrast, for individuals with low drinking refusal self-efficacy, there was no significant difference in the perceived risk between the self-affirmed and the non-affirmed. We predicted and showed that self-affirmation influences the risk perception of daily drinking only for the people who reported higher drinking refusal self-efficacy. This indicates that self-efficacy could be an important factor that moderates the effect of self-affirmation in alcohol consumption domain.