bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Beta Radiation on the Quality of the Bonded Joint for Difficult to Bond Polyolefins
Authors: Manas David , Bednarik Martin , Mizera Ales , Manas Miroslav , Ovsik Martin , Stoklasek Pavel
Published: November 2019

Bonding is increasingly being used, and it is an ever-evolving method for creating unbreakable bonds. The strength of adhesive bonds determines, to a significant extent, the possible applications of this technology and is influenced by many factors. In addition to the type of adhesive used, the characteristics of the surface layers play a significant role; therefore, significant attention is paid to their adjustment and modification. Radiation crosslinking is one of the most important methods for modifying polymer properties. Currently, the most frequently used type of radiation for polymer crosslinking is beta minus (β−) radiation, which affects not only mechanical but also surface properties, chemical and temperature resistance, and surface layer characteristics of polymers. This study investigated the effect of β− radiation on the surface layer properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP) and the effects of surface-layer modification on the ultimate tensile strength of bonded joints. Based on the results, we concluded that β− radiation significantly changes the properties of the tested surface layers, increases the surface energy, and improves the adhesiveness of bonds. Consequently, the final strength of the LDPE, HDPE, and PP bonds increases significantly.
Review of Polymeric Materials in 4D Printing Biomedical Applications
Authors: Shie Ming-You , Shen Yu-Fang , Astuti Suryani Dyah , Lee Alvin Kai-Xing , Lin Shu-Hsien , Dwijaksara Ni Luh Bella , Chen Yi-Wen
Published: November 2019

The purpose of 4D printing is to embed a product design into a deformable smart material using a traditional 3D printer. The 3D printed object can be assembled or transformed into intended designs by applying certain conditions or forms of stimulation such as temperature, pressure, humidity, pH, wind, or light. Simply put, 4D printing is a continuum of 3D printing technology that is now able to print objects which change over time. In previous studies, many smart materials were shown to have 4D printing characteristics. In this paper, we specifically review the current application, respective activation methods, characteristics, and future prospects of various polymeric materials in 4D printing, which are expected to contribute to the development of 4D printing polymeric materials and technology.
Human 3D Pose Estimation with a Tilting Camera for Social Mobile Robot Interaction
Authors: Garcia-Salguero Mercedes , Gonzalez-Jimenez Javier , Moreno Francisco-Angel
Published: November 2019

Human–Robot interaction represents a cornerstone of mobile robotics, especially within the field of social robots. In this context, user localization becomes of crucial importance for the interaction. This work investigates the capabilities of wide field-of-view RGB cameras to estimate the 3D position and orientation (i.e., the pose) of a user in the environment. For that, we employ a social robot endowed with a fish-eye camera hosted in a tilting head and develop two complementary approaches: (1) a fast method relying on a single image that estimates the user pose from the detection of their feet and does not require either the robot or the user to remain static during the reconstruction; and (2) a method that takes some views of the scene while the camera is being tilted and does not need the feet to be visible. Due to the particular setup of the tilting camera, special equations for 3D reconstruction have been developed. In both approaches, a CNN-based skeleton detector (OpenPose) is employed to identify humans within the image. A set of experiments with real data validate our two proposed methods, yielding similar results than commercial RGB-D cameras while surpassing them in terms of coverage of the scene (wider FoV and longer range) and robustness to light conditions.
Healthcare Financing in Rural Cameroon
Authors: Ojong Nathanael
Published: November 2019

In the global South, low-income populations are faced with frequent health shocks. Formal mechanisms to protect them against these shocks are absent or limited. Thus, what are the mechanisms used by low-income rural populations to finance healthcare? This paper draws on a qualitative study to examine the healthcare financing mechanisms of low-income rural populations in Cameroon. The findings suggest that low-income populations use 13 mechanisms to finance healthcare. Depending on several factors, people may use more than one of these mechanisms. In addition, social factors shape people’s patterns of usage of these mechanisms. Patterns of usage of these mechanisms are embedded in the principle of reciprocity. The notion of reciprocity does seem to discourage people from enrolling in the limited voluntary health insurance programmes which exist in various communities. Newly insured people were more likely to drop out if they did not receive a payout.
A Three-Dimensional Assessment of Soil δ13C in a Subtropical Savanna: Implications for Vegetation Change and Soil Carbon Dynamics
Authors: Zhou Yong , Boutton Thomas W. , Wu X. Ben
Published: November 2019

Tree/shrub encroachment into drylands is a geographically widespread vegetation change that often modifies soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and dynamics, and represents an important yet uncertain aspect of the global carbon (C) cycle. We quantified spatial patterns of soil δ13C to 1.2 m depth in a subtropical savanna to evaluate the magnitude and timing of woody encroachment, and its impacts on SOC dynamics. Woody encroachment dramatically altered soil δ13C spatial patterns throughout the profile; values were lowest in the interiors of woody patches, increased towards the peripheries of those patches, and reached highest values in the surrounding grasslands. Soil δ13C and 14C revealed this landscape was once dominated by C4 grasses. However, a rapid vegetation change occurred during the past 100–200 years, characterized by (1) the formation and expansion of woody patches across this landscape, and (2) increased C3 forb abundance within remnant grasslands. Tree/shrub encroachment has substantially increased SOC and the proportion of new SOC derived from C3 plants in the SOC pool. These findings support the emerging perspective that vegetation in many dryland ecosystems is undergoing dramatic and rapid increases in SOC storage, with implications for the C cycle at regional and global scales.
Governing Constraints of Chromium(VI) Formation from Chromium(III)-Bearing Minerals in Soils and Sediments
Authors: Hausladen Debra , Fakhreddine Sarah , Fendorf Scott
Published: November 2019

The potential for geogenic Cr(VI) contamination is vast, yet it is difficult to predict susceptible environments as groundwater Cr(VI) concentrations vary significantly, even within a given aquifer, due to physical and hydrologic heterogeneity. The physical structure of soils and sediments exerts a dominant control on Cr(VI) production by dictating the separation distance of reactive phases, the diffusion distance from Cr(VI) generation sites to advecting groundwater, and by influencing infiltration rates and porewater velocity. Here, we used a dual-pore domain model to investigate the relative control of these parameters on Cr(VI) production. The reaction distance between Cr(III)-bearing minerals and Mn oxides predominantly controls Cr(VI) export to advecting groundwater, while changes in diffusion distance between sites of Cr(VI) generation and advective flow channels generally have little impact on steady-state Cr(VI) concentrations. Changes in Cr(VI) diffusion distance can, however, increase the time required for groundwater Cr(VI) concentrations to reach a steady-state; thus, under fluctuating hydrologic and biogeochemical conditions, long diffusion distances still have the potential to suppress Cr(VI) supply to advecting water. Furthermore, we show that high porewater flow velocities effectively dilute Cr(VI) diffusing from soil/sediment aggregates, thus minimizing Cr(VI) concentrations relative to lower porewater velocities. The strong control that the physical/hydrologic parameters exert on Cr(VI) production appears to overwhelm the impact of Cr(III)-mineral solubility within soils and sediments.
Risk Literacy and Environmental Education: Does Exposure to Academic Environmental Education Make a Difference in How Students Perceive Ecological Risks and Evaluate Their Risk Severity?
Authors: Carmi Nurit , Alkaher Iris
Published: November 2019

Developed understanding of environmental problems, consequences, and risks constitutes a core target of environmental education (EE). Ecological risks (ERs) are inherently complex, interconnected, and subject to perceptual biases. To explore whether an exposure to EE in academia improves ER literacy, we compared ER perception of students who were exposed to EE (“EE majors”) with students who were not (“non-EE majors”) Drawing on the psychometric paradigm from risk perception research, we compared ER perception between the two groups to identify whether the students perceive, appraise, and prioritize ERs differently, and whether they provide different reasons for their decisions and evaluations. We found significant differences in the perception of overall severity of environmental problems, especially of the less “popular” and familiar ones, characterized by global, complex, and extensive consequences. Compared to non-EE majors, EE majors perceived most ERs as more certain, personal, and temporally and spatially close. Risk prioritization and the reasons given for these choices also differed; EE major students’ choices were mostly guided by holistic reasons, whereas the non-EE major students’ explanations were more anthropocentric or one-dimensional. The discussion focused on the importance of ER literacy in reducing misconceptions of environmental problems and on developing an informed assessment of their severity.
Financial Benefits of Mangroves for Surge Prone High-Value Areas
Authors: Verhagen Henk Jan
Published: November 2019

In this paper, protection options for a high-value, industrial area along the coast of West Bengal (India) are investigated. The options are designed to protect against cyclone surges with a probability of 1/100 per year. Two alternatives are compared, a classical solution of a dike with a revetment and a solution with a mangrove belt in front of the dike. The results reveal that from a pure infrastructural cash-flow point-of-view, the mangrove solution is at least 25% cheaper than the classical solution with a rock revetment. An important finding is that this conclusion does not need the financial evaluation of the obvious additional ecological advantages that mangroves offer. It is postulated that these results are generally valid for high-value coastal areas under the attack of waves during storm surges.
Innovation Needs for the Integration of Electric Vehicles into the Energy System
Authors: Wolf Stefan , Korzynietz Roman
Published: November 2019

The mitigation of climate change and the substitution of fossil energy sources is one of the greatest tasks of our time. Electric mobility is the most promising solution to decarbonize the transport sector. As the market for electric vehicles is quickly gaining momentum, an urgent need for an intelligent integration of the energy and mobility system arises. This integration leads to a multitude of technical, economic and social challenges. Through a validated road-mapping process, the needs for future research, development, standardisation and regulation have been identified and visualised. Recommendations for action for decision-makers in politics and industry have been derived from those innovation needs. In summary, the most promising innovation path is the consequent application of smart and flexible charging concepts as well as an adaption of the regulations and roles in combination with the consequent usage of renewable energies. In five to ten years, also synergies through the exploitation of autonomous electric vehicles will gain momentum.
Nasal Cavity Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer Represents End-Stage Disease and Should Be Palliated
Authors: Hwang Stephen , Chan Dedrick Kok Hong , Petersson Fredrik , Tan Ker-Kan
Published: November 2019

Nasal metastases from colorectal cancer is rare. The presentation of nasal metastases is often very similar to primary nasal sinus adenocarcinoma. A high index of suspicion is required, especially in patients who have had a previous history of colorectal carcinoma. Histology is ultimately required for diagnosis. We describe 2 cases of nasal metastases from colorectal carcinoma, and discuss the presentation, diagnosis and management of the case. Such metastatic disease ultimately represents end-stage malignancy, and patients should be palliated.
Clinical Characteristics and Postoperative Outcomes of Patients Presenting With Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Crohn Disease
Authors: Moon Joon Suk , Lee Jong Lyul , Yu Chang Sik , Lim Seok-Byung , Park In Ja , Yoon Yong Sik , Kim Chan Wook , Yang Suk-Kyun , Ye Byong Duk , Park Sang Hyoung , Alsaleem Hassan Abdullah , Kim Jin Cheon
Published: November 2019

Purpose: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement in Crohn disease (CD) is rare and effectiveness of surgical treatment is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics and surgical outcomes of upper GI CD.Methods: Medical records of 811 patients who underwent intestinal surgery for CD between January 2006 and December 2015 at a single institution were reviewed. Upper GI CD was defined by involvement of the stomach to the fourth portion of duodenum, with or without concomitant small/large bowel CD involvement according to a modification of the Montreal classification.Results: We identified 24 patients (21 males, 3 females) who underwent surgery for upper GI CD. The mean age at diagnosis was 27 ± 12 years, the mean age at surgery was 33 ± 11 years, and the mean duration of CD was 73.6 ± 56.6 months. Fifteen patients (62.5%) had history of previous perianal surgery. Ten patients (41.7%) had duodenal or gastric stricture and 14 patients (58.3%) had penetrating fistula; patients with fistula were significantly more likely to develop complications (57.1% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.035). One patient with stricture had surgical recurrence. In seven patients with fistula, fistula was related to previous anastomosis. Patients with fistula had significantly longer hospital stays than those with stricture (16 days vs. 11 days, P = 0.01).Conclusion: Upper GI CD is rare among CD types (2.96%). In patients with upper GI CD, penetrating fistula was associated with longer hospital stay and more complications.
Short-term and Medium-term Outcomes of Low Midline and Low Transverse Incisions in Laparoscopic Rectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Ku Do Hoe , Kim Hyeon Seung , Shin Jin Yong
Published: November 2019

Purpose: Limited data exist on the use of low midline and transverse incisions for specimen extraction or stoma sites in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery (LRCS). We compared the short-term and medium-term outcomes of these incisions and assessed whether wound complications in specimen extraction sites (SES) are increased by specimen extraction through the stoma site (SESS) in LRCS.Methods: From March 2010 to December 2017, 189 patients who underwent LRCS and specimen extraction through low abdominal incisions were divided into 2 groups: midline (n = 102) and transverse (n = 87), and perioperative outcomes were compared.Results: The midline group showed a higher frequency of temporary stoma formation (P = 0.001) and splenic flexure mobilization (P < 0.001) than the transverse group. The overall incisional hernia and wound infection rates in the SES were 21.6% and 25.5%, respectively, in the midline group and 26.4% and 17.2%, respectively, in the transverse group (P = 0.494 and P = 0.232, respectively). In patients who underwent SESS, the incisional hernia and wound infection rates of SES after stoma closure were 39.1% and 43.5%, respectively, in the midline group, and 35.5% and 22.6%, respectively, in the transverse group (P = 0.840 and P = 0.035, respectively).Conclusion: In terms of incisional hernia and wound infection at the SES, a low midline incision may be used as a low transverse incision in patients without temporary stoma in LRCS. However, considering the high wound complication rates after stoma closure in patients with SESS in this study, SESS should be performed with caution in LRCS.
Fıkıh Usulünde Te'vilin Mahiyeti
Authors: DENİZ Abdulbaki
Published: November 2019

Te’vil,
genel olarak İslâm düşüncesinin oluşum süreçlerinde en etkili olan kavramlardan
biridir. Dillerde yaşanan semantik değişim ve kaymalar kapsamında terim anlam
kazanan ve fıkıh usulü içerisinde ictihâdın aklî bir yöntemi olarak
değerlendirilen te’vilin fürû-i fıkhın şekillenmesinde önemli bir rol oynadığı
hususunda şüphe yoktur. Sözlük anlam itibariyle “dönmek, döndürmek, akıbet ve
mahiyet” gibi anlamlar içeren te’vilden terimsel olarak “bir delilden dolayı
lafzın zâhir anlamının terkedilerek muhtemel olduğu başka bir anlamda
anlaşılması ve yeni anlama göre fıkhî neticelere varılması” kastedilmektedir.
Bu anlamda ilke ve prensipleri usulcüler tarafından konan sahih te’vilin
mâhiyeti, gerektirici unsurları, şartları ve çeşitlerinin bilinmesi önem arz
etmektedir. Bu çalışmada te’vil bir fıkıh usulü kavramı olarak ele alınmış,
te’vilin mâhiyeti ile sıhhat ve butlan açısından çeşitleri ve müctehidlerin
te’vil vasıtasıyla füru-i fıkha dâir ortaya koydukları örnekler üzerinde
durulmuştur. Ancak yapılan te’villerin tamamının sahih kabul edilmemesi
sebebiyle süreç içerisinde usul eserlerinde “doğru, yanlış ve orta düzey”
anlamında “yakın, uzak ve mutavassıt” nitelikleriyle anılan te’vil çeşitleri
ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu durumda yapılacak olan te’vilde, Arap dilinin manâya
delâlet özelliklerinin ihlâl edilmemesi, varılan neticenin zaruriyât-ı
diniyyeye muhâlif olmaması ve ümmetin maslahatı çerçevesinde gerçekleşmesine
dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir. Neticede te’vilin günümüzde de fıkhî bir
istinbât aracı olarak istifade edilebilecek bir kavram olduğu hususuna vurgu
yapılmıştır.
حكم تعدد الأئمة في دار الإسلام
Authors: MURAD Shawish
Published: November 2019

أناط الله سبحانه وتعالى أحكاماً كثيرة بالإمامة العظمى، لا يقوم بها إلا من بيده سلطة العامة حتى قال الفقهاء:" لولا السلطان لكان الناس فوضى، ولأكل بعضهم بعضاً"، ولا يخفى على ذي لُبٍّ أن توحيد الأمة  يكون بتوحيد الإمامة في شخص واحد، لذا كانت مسألة تعدد الأئمة والحكام في البلاد الإسلامية، ومدى شرعية الدول القائمة الآن من أهم المسائل الفقهية التي اختلفت في شأنها الجماعات الإسلامية اليوم، وهي مسألة متجذرة لها أصولها، فأردنا أن نبين حكم تعدد الأئمة في دار الإسلام، سواء تعددوا في مكان واحد وزمان واحد أو في أماكن متفرقة بعيدة بعضها عن بعض، وما واجب المسلمون حيال هذا الركن العظيم من أركان الدولة الإسلامية؟، وما مدى شرعية الدول والحكومات القائمة وآراء العلماء في ذلك؟، وما الرأي الراجح ضمن قواعد الشرع وضوابطه والظروف القائمة الملحة الآن؟، كل هذا تحدث عنه البحث، مع بيان أدلة كل فريق مما ذهب إليه.
Kuran-ı Kerim’in Tesettüre Bakışı
Authors: KARA Mustafa
Published: November 2019

Bu
makalede “Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in Tesettüre Bakışı” konusu işlenmektedir. Makalenin
amacı, Yüce Allah’ın (cc) bir emri olan tesettür hakkında Kur’ân merkezli bir
analiz yapabilmek ve bu konuda güncel bir duyarlılık oluşturmaktır.
Araştırmanın temel hipotezi, tesettürün Kur’ân’ın en önemli emirlerinden birisi
olduğu, ancak bu konuda uygulamaya yönelik bazı aksaklıların yaşandığıdır. Bu
hipotez, tesettür konusuna Kur’ân merkezli yaklaşmanın önemini de ortaya
koymaktadır. Makalenin kapsamı, Kur’ân’da yer alan tesettürle doğrudan ilgili
âyetlerle sınırlı tutulmaktadır. Araştırmanın yöntemi, literatür taramasına
dayanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, sözü edilen âyetler ışığında Hz. Peygamber’in (s)
hadisleri, tefsir külliyatında yer alan bilgiler ve yapılan diğer çalışmalar
sentezlenerek değerlendirilmektedir.

Makale,
Giriş kısmını takip eden dört alt başlıktan meydana gelmektedir. Bu alt
başlıklar şunlardır: i. Kavramsal Çerçeve. Bu başlık iki alt başlıktan
oluşmaktadır. a. Tesettür Kelimesinin Etimolojik Yapısı. b. Kur’ân’da
Tesettürle İlişkili Kavramlar. Bu başlık altında libâs, hımâr/humur, sevb/siyâb
ve cilbâb/celâbîb kavramları ele alınmaktadır. ii. Kur’ân’da Tesettürle İlgili
Âyetlerin Tahlili. Bu kapsamda, A‘râf Sûresi 26-27, Nûr Sûresi 30-31, 60, Ahzâb
Sûresi 33 ve 59. âyetler araştırmaya konu olmaktadır. iii. Tesettüre Bürünmenin
Amaçları. Bu doğrultuda tesettürün, takvâ elbisesine bürünmek, edep yerlerini
gizlemek, süslenmek, şeytan ve taraftarlarının saldırılarına karşı tedbirli
olmak, gözleri harama bakmaktan sakındırmak, namus ve iffeti korumak, ziyneti
teşhir etmemek, Yüce Allah’ın emrine itaat etmek, tanınmak, sözlü ya da fiili
tacize uğratılmamak, güzel görünmek, soğuktan ve sıcaktan korunmak gibi
amaçları olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. iv. Tesettüre Uygun Elbisenin Taşıması Gereken
Nitelikler. Tesettüre uygun elbisenin takvâya uygun olmak, temiz olmak, insanın
vücudunu/tenini göstermeyecek şekilde kalın olmak, vücut hatlarını teşhir
etmeyecek düzeyde geniş olmak, kadın elbisesi erkek kıyafetine, erkek kıyafeti
de kadın elbisesine benzememekgibi nitelikler taşıması gerektiği
anlaşılmaktadır.
Klasik Bir Kavramın Modern Dönemde Dönüşümü: Said Nursî’nin Mehdî Tasavvuru
Authors: DEMİR Habip
Published: November 2019

Kurtarıcı beklentisi, bütün din ve inanç
sistemlerinde kendisine yer bulabilmiş ortak inanışlardan birisidir. İsimleri
ve nitelikleri farklı olsa da kıyametin kopmasına yakın bir zamanda insanlığı
kurtaracak olan ve adına “Mehdî” denen kişinin zuhuru, İslam düşünce
geleneğinde tarih boyunca tartışmalı bir konu haline gelmiştir. Şiî eğilimli
çevrelerde başlayan ve tarihi süreçte sistemli hale gelen Mehdî inanışı, Ehl-i
Sünnet çevreleri tarafından da hadis merkezli olarak temellendirilmeye
çalışılmıştır. Daha çok sıkıntılı ve buhranlı günlerin vazgeçilmez bir inanışı
olarak gündeme gelen Mehdî arayışı, modern dönemlerde farklı boyutlarıyla
yeniden gündeme gelerek dönüşüme uğramıştır. Bu bağlamda 20. asrın etkili
şahsiyetlerinden ve geleneksel bir altyapıya sahip olan Said Nursî’nin
Risalelerinde konuya yapılan atıflar, onun etki gücü düşünüldüğünde önemle
üzerinde durulmayı gerektirmektedir. Onun eserleri incelendiğinde, Mehdîye
benzer özellikleri olan ve her asırda gelecek müceddid kavramı yanında
âhirzamanda ortaya çıkacak büyük Mehdî kavramına da değindiği görülecektir. Bundan
daha da önemlisi modern dönemin getirdiği bazı zorlukların ve ihtiyaçların
farkına vararak Mehdî düşüncesini, klasik kaynaklarda savunulduğunun aksine bir
“şahıs”tan alarak “şahs-ı manevi” adıyla kendi cemaatine vermesidir.
Çalışmamız, Said Nursî’nin Mehdî tasavvuruna getirdiği yeni yaklaşımı
sorgulamakta ve bunun arka planında yer alan faktörler üzerine
yoğunlaşmaktadır.
el-Melikü’l-Muazzam’ın Mutaassıp Bir Hanefî Oluşu ve Sıbt İbnü’l-Cevzî’nin Bu Süreçteki Rolü
Authors: ARANGÜL Muammer
Published: November 2019

Mezhep değiştirme İslam tarihinde zaman zaman karşılaşılan
bir olgudur. Sıradan kimselerin mezhep değiştirmesinin çoğu zaman sadece
kendilerini ilgilendiren birtakım sonuçları olurken yöneticilerin mezhep
değiştirmesinin sadece kendilerini değil yönettikleri devleti ve toplumu da
ilgilendiren sonuçları olur. Eyyûbî Hanedanı’na mensup olan el-Melikü'l-Muazzam
İsa'nın, ailesinin mezhebi olan Şafiiliği terk ederek Hanefîleşmesi de bu
bakımdan üzerinde durulması gereken bir süreçtir. el-Melikü'l-Muazzam'ın neden,
ne zaman ve hangi saiklerle Hanefi mezhebine geçtiği ya da bu geçişten sonraki
sürecin nasıl tecelli ettiğiyle ilgili kaynaklarda doyurucu ve somut bilgiler
mevcut değildir. el-Melikü'l-Muazzam'ın Hanefiliği tercih etmesi ailesinin
yanında diğer mezheplere mensup bilginler tarafından da hoş karşılanmamış; bu
tepkisel durum, onun Hanefîleşme serüveninin yanlış algılanmasına sebep olduğu
gibi, Hanefilere göre meşru olan bazı icraatlarının da "taassup"
olarak gösterilmesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Hanefi mezhebinde devlet
başkanına tanınan yetkilerin daha geniş olmasından faydalanarak savaş
dönemlerinde ek vergiler koyması, Hanefilerce caiz görülen bazı içki türlerinin
içilmesini ve alınıp satılmasını serbest bırakması, yaptığı atamalarda ve açmış
olduğu yeni medreselerde Hanefiler lehine tavır koyması onun tartışılan icraatlarından
bazılarıdır. Bu makalede onun Hanefîleşmesindeki en önemli etkenler üzerinde
durulacak ve taassup olarak gösterilen bazı tavır ve icraatlarının gerçekten
böyle olup olmadığı irdelenecektir.
Sahabe Tefsirinde Fıkhi Yönelim
Authors: GÜL Ahmet
Published: November 2019

Hz.
Peygamber hayattayken sahabe dinî konulardaki aklına takılan sorularına cevap
bulmakta zorlanmamaktaydı. Dinî konularda Hz. Peygamber’e arz etme imkânı
bulamadıkları soruları kendi ictihadlarına göre de çözüme kavuşturdukları
bilinmektedir. Bu durum genelde Hz. Peygamber’in takririnden geçen, onayladığı
hususlar olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Daha sonraki dönemlerde sahabenin Hz.
Peygamber hayattayken ictihadda bulunup bulunmadığı konusu tartışılsa da sahabe
ictihadlarına bu dönemde nadiren de olsa rastlanmaktadır. Hz. Peygamberin
vefatından sonra İslam devletinin sınırlarının genişlemesiyle birlikte, İslam’a
dâhil olan yeni halkların soru ve sorunlarına cevap ve çözüm sadedinde Kitap ve
sünnetten hüküm çıkarma ameliyesi ivme kazanmıştır. Bu da sahabe tefsirinde
çeşitli yönelimlere zemin hazırlamıştır. Sahabe, Kur’ân’ı tefsir ederken
genelde fıkhi ve luğavi olmak üzere iki yönelime sahip olmuştur. Fıkhi yönelim
fıkhi tefsirin ayrıca İslam hukukunun usul ve füruunun temelini
oluşturmaktadır. Luğavi yönelim ise Kur’ân’ın daha doğru anlaşılmasını
sağlayacak dilsel verileri içermekte, nüzûl dönemindeki filolojik bağlamın
anlaşılmasına katkı sunmaktadır. Bu yönelimleri, sahabi tefsirinin başat
özellikleri olarak görmek mümkündür. Bu makalede sahabenin tefsirdeki fıkhi
yönelimi üzerinde durulacaktır.
Klasik Dönem Kelamında Peygamberlere Yüklenen Toplumsal İşlevler
Authors: CANSIZ Hasan
Published: November 2019

Kelamın
klasik döneminde nübüvvet konusunun temel meselelerinden biri nübüvveti
reddeden grupların eleştirisidir. Mütekellimler bu grupların nübüvvete yönelik iddialarına
peygambere duyulan ihtiyaç, peygamber göndermenin faydası ve peygamber
göndermenin mümkün olması gibi başlıklar altında cevap vermişlerdir. Bu gruplar
arasında yer alan Brahmanlar’ın (Berâhime) iddialarından biri, aklın hayatta
kalmak için yeterli bilgiyi sağladığı bu nedenle insanın peygambere ihtiyacı
olmadığı iddiasıdır. Bu iddiayı ele alan kelamcılar, insanın ve toplumun
varlığını sürdürebilmesi için peygambere ihtiyaç duyduğunu çeşitli yollarla
kanıtlamaya çalışmışlardır. Bu kanıtlar, peygamberlere insan ve toplumu hayatta
tutmaya ve toplumun düzenini sağlamaya yarayan işlevler yüklemektedir. İnsanın
yalnızca akli ve tecrübi bilgisi ile varlığını sürdüremeyeceğini savunan
kelamcılara göre, insanlığın varlığını devam ettirebilmiş olması varlığını
ortadan kaldırma ihtimali taşıyan problemlerin peygamberler aracılığıyla
giderilmiş olduğunu göstermektedir. Mu‘tezile peygamberlere böyle bir görev
atfetmese de Mâtürîdiyye ve Eş‘ariyye, peygamberlerin tebliğ dışında çeşitli
toplumsal işlevleri olduğunu kabul eder. Bu çalışmada, klasik dönem kelamında
peygamberlere tebliğ görevi dışında nispet edilen toplumsal görevlerin neler
olduğu ortaya konulacaktır.
Patterns of Early Intervention and Special Education Service Use in New York City
Authors: Romo Matthew , McVeigh Katharine H. , Jordan Phoebe , Chan Pui Ying , Stingone Jeanette A. , Lim Sungwoo , Askew George A.
Published: November 2019

Little is known about how children use Individuals with Disabilities Education Act services across early intervention (EI), early childhood special education (ECSE), and school-age special education (SE). We applied sequence analysis to a data linkage across five public record systems among New York City children born in 1998, who had records from birth through third grade. Five predominant patterns of service use were identified: 1) Multiple therapies across EI/ECSE/SE (13%); 2) EI without transition to Department of Education schools or services (24%); 3) EI and intermittent ECSE/SE (16%); 4) older entry into EI and both speech & occupational therapy throughout ECSE/SE (9%); and 5) limited EI use and mostly speech therapy in ECSE/SE (38%). Each pattern had distinct demographics, service use characteristics, and academic outcomes.
Использование аппарата вихревого слоя для повышения эффективности метанового сбраживания осадков сточных вод
Authors: Litti Y. , Kovalev D. , Kovalev A. , Katraeva I. , Mikheeva E. , Nozhevnikova A.
Published: November 2019

Повышение эффективности анаэробного сбраживания осадков сточных вод, включая увеличение выхода метана и глубины минерализации органического вещества, является актуальной задачей. В ходе проведенных исследований изучалось влияние предварительной обработки осадков сточных вод в аппарате вихревого слоя ферромагнитных частиц на эффективность и кинетические параметры последующего анаэробного сбраживания осадка в термофильных условиях. Проведен анализ гранулометрического состава осадков сточных вод до и после обработки в аппарате вихревого слоя. Технологические параметры обработки осадков в аппарате вихревого слоя обусловили увеличение выхода метана на 3, степени разложения органического вещества на 8 9 и константы гидролиза на 4,7. Для оценки кинетических параметров процесса были использованы модифицированное уравнение Гомперца и уравнение первого порядка.

Improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of wastewater sludge including methane yield and the depth of mineralization of organic matter increasing is an urgent task. As part of the study the effect of wastewater sludge pretreatment in an apparatus with vortex layer of ferromagnetic particles on the efficiency and kinetic parameters of the subsequent anaerobic digestion of the sludge under thermophilic conditions was investigated. The analysis of the particle size distribution of wastewater sludge before and after treatment in the vortex layer apparatus was carried out. The technological parameters of sludge processing in the vortex layer apparatus provided for increasing methane yield by 3, degree of decomposition of organic matter by 8 9, and hydrolysis constants by 4.7. To estimate the kinetic parameters of the process the modified Gompertz equation and the firstorder equation were used.
Персонализированная приточная система вентиляции в помещении офисного здания
Authors: Rymarov A. , Agafonova V.
Published: November 2019

Улучшение качества воздуха в рабочей зоне офисных помещений является актуальной задачей. Конструктивная особенность таких помещений заключается в небольшой высоте (порядка 3 м), что затрудняет подачу необходимого объема приточного воздуха, не создавая сквозняков в рабочей зоне. Отмечено, что решение данного вопроса связано с использованием на практике новых материалов и технологий. К их числу относятся текстильные воздуховоды из 100процентного полиэстера с вплетением карбонового волокна. Данный материал обладает прочностью, износостойкостью, минимальным уносом частиц с поверхности. В отличие от стальных оцинкованных воздуховодов в текстильном воздуховоде можно вырезать лазером точные отверстия с оплавленными краями необходимого шага и диаметра. Представлена схема организации персонализированной приточной вентиляции в офисном помещении на основе разработанного воздухораспределительного устройства с микроперфорированным текстильным вкладышем. Данное устройство позволяет регулировать расход воздуха в зависимости от индивидуальной потребности человека вплоть до отключения системы при отсутствии работника. Снижение расхода приточного воздуха способствует повышению энергоэффективности системы вентиляции.

Improving the air quality in the working area of the office space is an urgent task. The design feature of such rooms is a small height (about 3 m) that complicates supplying the required volume of induced air without creating drafts in the working area. It is noted that the solution to this issue is associated with the use of new materials and technologies in practice. These include textile ducts made of 100 polyester with carbonic fiber weave. This material possesses strength, wearresistance, minimal ablation of particles from the surface. Unlike steel zinccoated airducts, it is possible to cut with laser precision holes with fused edges of the required pitch and diameter in the textile ducts. A layout of arranging personalized forced ventilation in an office building based on a designed air terminal device with a microperforated textile insert is presented. This device provides for adjusting the air flow depending on the individual needs of the person up to shutting down the system in the absence of an employee. Reducing induced air flow contributes to the energy efficiency of the ventilation system.
Displacement Analysis of Compliant Mechanism
Authors:   Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, India., Solepatil Mr. Sandesh , Deore Dr. Narendra ,   Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering, Pune, India.
Published: November 2019

Everyone expects accurate outcomes in the fast-moving and extremely competitive globe today. The urgent need for precision led to developing new processes in a rapidly increasing mechanical and mechatronic globe, which serve the primary objective of accuracy. This special class of mechanism is called compliant mechanisms, which are used to improve the precision without compromising the accuracy of a member because of the steadiness and flexion. Motion is produced by the molecular deformation in compliant systems, leading to two main features of bending–soft movement and a tiny scope of movement. Scan The demand for contemporary techniques, for example the production of micronanos, characterization systems, such as microscopes is present in the scan processes. For the accurate control manipulation of object position, different compliant based mechanisms are created. Flexures are compliant, elastic structures which produce smooth motions, tiny range and high resolution for their functionality. These processes can be used in precise apps such as micro soldering, lithographic micro-manufacturing wafer alignment. The primary aim is therefore to design an accurate system in a linear as well as in a rotational direction that gives accurate movement. The software of ANSYS is used to generate compliant mechanism parametric and static analysis models.
Mediation in Private and Public Law
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia, Volkova* Maria Alexandrovna , Shilovskaya Anna Leonidovna ,   Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia, Zhesterov Pavel Valerievich ,   Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia, Turkin Mikhail Mikhailovich ,   Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
Published: November 2019

The article aims to analyze certain participants in the mediation process and, therefore, increase its effectiveness. In this regard, the article considers the feasible participation of non-professional intermediaries in mediation. The authors of the article have concluded that their participation in civil legal relations through mediation is ineffective. To increase the effectiveness of mediation technologies, the authors have proposed to introduce the mandatory membership of mediators in self-regulatory organizations and prohibit the mediation provided by non-professional mediators. The authors have proved that mediation technologies should be used as a means of protecting law and order in society instead of a demonstrative punishment of some members. The authors highlight the importance of mediation in criminal justice with due regard to criminal repression. They highly evaluate the potential of mediation in resolving disputes regarding crime-caused indemnification. After analyzing the Russian and international legislation and theoretical works, the authors have concluded that there is a need for wider use of mediation to resolve both private and public conflicts. The authors have determined specific directions for applying mediation in the criminal process.
Correlation Based Low Complex Video Frame Interpolation
Authors:   ECE Department, MITS, JNTUA University, Madanapalle, India., Madav Brahmadesam T , Jilani Dr. S.A.K ,   Research Supervisor, ECE Department, MITS Madanapalle, India., Mastani Dr. S. Aruna ,   ECE Department, JNTUA, Ananthapuramu, India.
Published: November 2019

Frame Interpolation is one of the main stages in video processing. Video coding standards skip some in-between frames for efficient compression and coding. At decoder the common approach to reconstruct the skipped frame using Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation (MCFI)methods. In MCFI, computational complexity is very high as calculation of Block Matching Algorithm, Motion Vectors (MV), Motion Estimation(ME) and Prediction logic of objects in motion between the frames, increases the complexity in MCFI method. A more feasible approach with minimum computational complexity using block level correlation is proposed in this paper. Errored MV at the decoder results in holes, occlusions, blurring and edge deformations in the interpolated frame. This proposal minimizes afore mentioned effects along with minimum complexity. The results are simulated in terms of peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM).
Production of Cyclohexyl Acetate u sing Batch Reactor and Reactive Chromatography
Authors:   Chemical Engineering Department,Dr. B. A. Technological University, Lonere, Tal. Mangaon, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra, India,, Bhandare Rajendra B. , Bodekar* Akash B. ,   Chemical Engineering Department,Dr. B. A. Technological University, Lonere, Tal. Mangaon, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra, India
Published: November 2019

Production of cyclohexyl acetate by reaction between acetic acid and cyclohexanol using ion exchange catalyst Amberlyst - 15 presented in this work. Batch experiments were carried in batch reactor using variables such as agitation speed, catalyst size, temperature, mole ratio, catalyst loading, moisture content, catalyst reusability. Simulation also carried out using ACM. Activation energy found to be 10000 J/g.mole. Reactive chromatographic reactor is also used for process intensification. Results obtained from batch and reactive chromatographic reactors were compared. More conversion obtained in reactive chromatographic reactor as compared to batch reactor.
A Novel Architecture for Predicting Pneumonia Patients by using LSTM, GRU and CNN
Authors:   School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India., Arora Nitin , Ahatsham  ,   School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India., Singh Anupam ,   School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India., Shahare Vivek ,   School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
Published: November 2019

The Models based only on Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Dynamic Recurrent Neural Network (Dynamic RNN) are not sufficient for prediction of a pneumonia patients using image processing. The proposed network uses the properties of LSTM, GRU and Convolutional Neural Network like capacity to remember long-term memory and handling the input parameters dynamically. Investigating these networks, it is found that the proposed network have a deep insight on the medical image before it can remember then forward the necessary information. In the proposed model, the LSTM and GRU directly connected with dual 1×1 convolutional network followed by the classification layers resulting with better performance. The proposed model provides the test accuracy of 94.20% and test loss of 0.04749 when tested on dataset of pneumonia patients consisting of 2 classes (normal chest, diseased chest with pneumonia) has provided better results than LSTM, GRU, Dynamic RNN and Convolutional with LSTM in all aspects like training loss, training accuracy, testing loss and testing accuracy.
Multibiometrics System Design Based on Feature Level Fusion
Authors:   Senior Assistant Professor, Balaji Institute of Telecom and Management, Pune, India., Joshi Suvarna C. , Kumar Dr.Abhay ,   Professor & HOD, School of Electronics, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, Madyapradesh, India.
Published: November 2019

An efficient multimodal biometric system which combines biometric data originated from face, iris and signature biometrics has been presented. Proposed feature extraction algorithm for unimodal and multimodal system has been based on discrete wavelet transform. Among the various biometrics face and iris based human authentication system are proved reliable and efficient. Signature as a behavioral biometrics is very important in financial transaction. Signature has highest variability among all biometrics. This research work proposes an approach to combine signature biometrics with face and iris biometric. Proposed method fuses biometric information originated from face, iris and signature at feature level. Hamming distance based classifier has been used for classifying feature vector as a genuine or imposter. Proposed multibiometrics system has been evaluated on chimeric databases. It has been shown by the reported results that proposed multimodal system outperforms unimodal system performance. Proposed system has been analyzed for recognition rates and error rates. Performance of proposed multimodal system shows improvement in recognition rate and reduction in error.
Development of English-Hindi Interactive Machine Translation
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India., Sharma Nidhi , Seth Shambhavi ,   Department of Computer Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India., Syed Mehvish ,   Department of Computer Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India., Jain Meenal ,   Department of Computer Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan India., Bharti Nivedita ,   Department of Computer Science, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan India.
Published: November 2019

Machine Translation systems are still far from being perfect and to improve their performance the concept of Interactive Machine Translation (IMT) was introduced. This paper proposes an IMT system, which uses Statistical Machine Translation and a bilingual corpus on which several algorithms (Word error rate, Position Independent Error Rate, Translation Error Rate, n-grams) are implemented to translate text from English to Indian languages. The proposed system improves both the speed and productivity of the human translators as found through experiments.
Mechanical Behaviour of Steel Fibers Added High Strength Concrete with GGBS and Silica Fume Replacements
Authors:   Assistant Professor at department of Civil Engineering, AVIT, Chennai, India., J Srija , Abirami R. ,   Assistant Professor at department of Civil Engineering, AVIT, Chennai, India., Kethireddy Mounika ,   Post Graduate student at department of civil engineering, SRM University, Chennai, India
Published: November 2019

Sustainable development implies meeting current needs without compromising the ability of future generation to meets their own needs. It also requisites that development be undertaken, in a manner, that planetary resources are sustained by effective utilization, without unnecessary wastage. Cement production emits carbon dioxide gas and hence its partial replacement by GGBS and silica fume reduces them. These materials have cementitious properties. This is significant because the production of one ton of Portland cement results in emission of nearly equivalent amount of Carbon dioxide. The study undertakes the variation of important properties of M40 grade concrete, namely compressive, split tensile and modulus of elasticity with addition of these replacements in varying percentages. These properties determine the mechanical behaviour of concrete in structures. Steel fibres are also added as a fixed percentage to the concrete, as it improves its ductility and toughness and reduces its susceptibility to cracking. Comparison of the variation of properties with and without addition of steel fibres is also made, to bring out the beneficial aspects of its addition
Enhanced Interfacing o f Single Element Resistive Sensor w ith Microcontroller
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry, India., Mary* M. Florance , Sathish D. ,   Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry, India.
Published: November 2019

Resistive sensors can be used in a single element, differential and bridge forms. Resistive sensors have wide applications in industries. When the resistive sensor is directly connected with the microcontroller large amount of error arises due to lead wire resistance and microcontroller port pin resistances. Here, an enhanced interfacing of single element resistive sensor with a microcontroller scheme is proposed to compensate the error due to lead wires and port pin resistances. This scheme follows three discharge cycles for the measurement of resistances of the resistive sensor. The time taken for each discharge cycle is noted. From the time taken for the three discharge cycles, the resistance of the resistive sensor is directly calculated. Since the resistances due to lead wires and internal port pin resistances are corrected, the unknown temperature measurement is done accurately.
Factors Effects on Employee Retention in Manufacturing Firms
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore 560060, India, Swamy* Chaya J , P Dr Nagesh ,   Professor, Center for Management Studies, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, India., Nanjundeswaraswamy Dr T S ,   Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bangalore 560060, India,
Published: November 2019

In the competitive business environment retaining of the talented work force is the big challenge to the organization because of the labour market. On the other hand employee retention is affected by so many factors that include internal and external factors. The present study is an attempt to know the parameters affect on the employee retention. For the current study through the well defined questionnaire data was collected. The data were analyzed through different statistical methods like Exploratory Factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis. Study reveals following six important dimensions affects on the employee retention such as Employee Development, Organizational Facilities, Supportive Organization Environment, Employee Benefits, Flexible Working Environment and Welfare Schemes. Z test was conducted to test the relationship between the dimensions it reveals all the six dimensions are associated with each other.