bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fallacia decussata, sp. nov. : a new marine benthic diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Northeast Asia
Authors: LI YUHANG , SUZUKI HIDEKAZU , NAGUMO TAMOTSU , TANAKA JIRO , SUN ZHONGMIN , XU KUIDONG
Published: February 2016

Fallacia decussata is described as a new marine littoral diatom from Northeast Asia. Its morphology was examined with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Fallacia decussata has a unique feature, viz., possessing 2–4 pores on each side of raphe terminal fissures, while all congeners have either invariably a single pore or only a slit. This species differs from congeners also by a combination of morphological features including: i) elliptical valves with broadly round poles; and ii) convex and centrally strongly constricted lateral sterna, forming a more or less X-shaped central area; iii) striation density of 25–28 in 10 μm. This species is an epipsammic diatom currently known from intertidal zone in the northwest Pacific Ocean.
One new species and one newly recorded species of Cyllodes Erichson from China (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae)
Authors: LIU MEIKE , YANG XINGKE , HUANG MIN
Published: February 2016

One new species, Cyllodes quinquemaculatus Liu, Yang & Huang, sp. nov., one newly recorded species, Cyllodes accentus Kirejtshuk, 1985, from China and one previously known species, Cyllodes bifascies (Walker, 1859), are described. Photos of their habitus, antenna, mouthparts, and genitalia are provided. A species checklist of Cyllodes from China is presented.
Description of a new Kempnyia Klapálek from Brazil (Plecoptera: Perlidae) with life stages associated using DNA barcodes
Authors: AVELINO-CAPISTRANO FERNANDA , BARBOSA LEANDRO SILVA , TAKIYA DANIELA MAEDA
Published: February 2016

Kempnyia couriae sp. nov. is described from specimens (male, female, and nymphs) collected in Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the male penial armature, having an elongate gonopore, surpassing the hooks, hooks with penial apex forming a globular membranous structure, and by ventrally curved hooks. Females and a nymph were associated with males using DNA barcoding.
The Scirtothrips perseae species-group (Thysanoptera), with one new species from avocado, Persea americana
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE A. , HODDLE MARK S.
Published: February 2016

Following recent molecular studies on avocado thrips, a new species is described from Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Colombia from the young leaves of avocado, Persea americana. Scirtothrips hansoni sp.n. is closely related to the Californian pest, S. perseae, and also to S. astrictus from Costa Rica that remains known from a single female. An illustrated key to these three species is provided.
Observed Trends and Variability in Climate Indices Relevant for Crop Yields in Southeast Asia
Authors: Marjuki  , van der Schrier Gerard , Klein Tank Albert M. G. , van den Besselaar Else J.M. , Nurhayati  , Swarinoto Y. S.
Published: February 2016

Climate indices are analyzed using a newly developed dataset with station-based daily data for Southeast Asia. With rice the staple food of the diet in the region, the indices used are aimed at agriculture, specifically rice production, and include the onset of the wet season and the nighttime temperature. Three indices are used to estimate the onset of the wet season. Despite a quantitative lack of similarity between these indices (although they are strongly correlated), the progression of the wet season over the area matches existing descriptions. Trends in the onset date of the wet season calculated over 1971–2012 are only statistically significant for a few stations; there are no signs that a wide spread delay as anticipated by future climate scenarios is already taking place. A positive trend in the nighttime temperature over the region is observed with values up to 0.7°C decade−1. For a selection of stations the change in distribution of nighttime temperatures is analyzed when comparing the 1971–90 period with the 1991–2010 period. They show a shift of the median to higher temperatures, and the decline in the number of relatively cool nights is stronger than the increase in the number of relatively warm nights.
A Landsat-Era Sierra Nevada Snow Reanalysis (1985–2015)
Authors: Margulis Steven A. , Cortés Gonzalo , Girotto Manuela , Durand Michael
Published: February 2016

A newly developed state-of-the-art snow water equivalent (SWE) reanalysis dataset over the Sierra Nevada (United States) based on the assimilation of remotely sensed fractional snow-covered area data over the Landsat 5–8 record (1985–2015) is presented. The method (fully Bayesian), resolution (daily and 90 m), temporal extent (31 years), and accuracy provide a unique dataset for investigating snow processes. The verified dataset (based on a comparison with over 9000 station years of in situ data) exhibited mean and root-mean-square errors less than 3 and 13 cm, respectively, and correlation greater than 0.95 compared with in situ SWE observations. The reanalysis dataset was used to characterize the peak SWE climatology to provide a basic accounting of the stored snowpack water in the Sierra Nevada over the last 31 years. The pixel-wise peak SWE volume over the domain was found to be 20.0 km3 on average with a range of 4.0–40.6 km3. The ongoing drought in California contains the two lowest snowpack years (water years 2014 and 2015) and three of the four driest years over the examined record. It was found that the basin-average peak SWE, while underestimating the total water storage in snowpack over the year, accurately captures the interannual variability in stored snowpack water. However, the results showed that the assumption that 1 April SWE is representative of the peak SWE can lead to significant underestimation of basin-average peak SWE both on an average (21% across all basins) and on an interannual basis (up to 98% across all basin years).
Impact of Thermally Driven Turbulence on the Bottom Melting of Ice
Authors: Keitzl T. , Mellado J. P. , Notz D.
Published: February 2016

Direct numerical simulation and laboratory experiments are used to investigate turbulent convection beneath a horizontal ice–water interface. Scaling laws are derived that quantify the dependence of the melt rate of the ice on the far-field temperature of the water under purely thermally driven conditions. The scaling laws, the simulations, and the laboratory experiments consistently yield that the melt rate increases by two orders of magnitude, from ⋍101 to ⋍103 mm day−1, as the far-field temperature increases from 4° to 8°C. The strong temperature dependence of the melt rate is explained by analyzing the vertical structure of the flow: For far-field temperatures below 8°C, the flow features a stably stratified, diffusive layer next to the ice that shields it from the warmer, turbulent outer layer. The stratification in the diffusive layer diminishes as the far-field temperature increases and vanishes for far-field temperatures far above 8°C. Possible implications of these results for ice–ocean interfaces are discussed. The drastic melt-rate increase implies that turbulence needs to be considered in the analysis of ice–water interfaces even in shear-free conditions.
Transverse impact behaviors of 3D braided composites T-beam at elevated temperatures
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gu Bohong , Sun Baozhong
Published: February 2016

This paper reports transverse impact behaviors of 3D braided composites T-beam at elevated temperatures. A modified split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus combined with a self-designed heating device was used. The impact load–displacement curves and impact damage morphologies have been obtained. The impact peak load and total energy absorption of the T-beam under impact loading have been calculated from the curves. It was found that both the elevated temperature and transverse impact velocity influence the transverse impact responses of the T-beam. The responses were more sensitive to the transverse impact velocity than to the elevated temperatures. The results also showed that the failure mechanism changes from brittle failure to ductile failure as the temperature increases. The matrix crack and fragmentation are often occurred in front surface of the T-beam. The fiber breakage in the rib position and the flange were the failure modes in the rear surface.
Expanding Liability for Sexual Fraud Through the Concept of ‘Active Deception’
Authors: Sharpe Alex
Published: February 2016

This article considers recent judicial expansion of criminal liability for sexual fraud. This has occurred through the criminalisation of words or conduct considered to amount to ‘active deception’. In contrast, non-disclosure of information does not attract criminal liability. The article argues that (i) the distinction between active deception and non-disclosure of information provides an inadequate basis for setting the parameters of criminal liability for sexual fraud, and (ii) the distinction is vulnerable to analytical collapse and therefore criminal law overreach. In relation to (i), five justifications for reliance on the distinction will be considered and rejected. These are that criminalisation of active deception is less offensive to principles of liberty and causality than criminalisation of non-disclosure and that active deception is more morally culpable, involves a greater violation of sexual autonomy and/or is more harmful than non-disclosure. In developing this argument the article will draw on examples of sexual intimacy where one of the parties is HIV+. In relation to (ii), the article will focus on application of the distinction to ‘gender fraud’ claims. The example is a useful one because it serves to dramatise the problem of judicial slippage between active deception and non-disclosure.
Unstandardized Responses to a “Standardized” Test
Authors: Ledwell Katherine , Oyler Celia
Published: February 2016

We examine edTPA (a teacher performance assessment) implementation at one private university during the first year that our state required this exam for initial teaching certification. Using data from semi-structured interviews with 19 teacher educators from 12 programs as well as public information on edTPA pass rates, we explore whether the edTPA served its intended roles as a gatekeeper to the teaching profession and a catalyst for curriculum change. Although the edTPA did not serve as gatekeeper in our context, we did find a wide variety of consequential program-level gatekeeping practices. To explore the test’s function as a curriculum improvement lever, we created weighted change scores to represent the range of edTPA-related curricular changes across 12 programs. We found a wide range of curricular responses to the edTPA, from marginalization of the assessment to deep edTPA integration in program coursework. Finally, we explore teacher educators’ analyses of the edTPA as an instructional tool.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to treat respiratory distress in newborns in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Dewez Juan Emmanuel , van den Broek Nynke
Published: February 2016

Severe respiratory distress is a serious complication common to the three major causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity (prematurity, intra-partum-related hypoxia and infections). In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), 20% of babies presenting with severe respiratory distress die.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), is an effective intervention for respiratory distress in newborns and widely used in high-income countries. Following the development of simple, safe and relatively inexpensive CPAP devices, there is potential for large-scale implementation in the developing world.

In this article, we describe existing CPAP systems and present a review of the current literature examining the effectiveness of CPAP compared to standard care (oxygen) in newborns with respiratory distress. We also discuss the evidence gap which needs to be addressed prior to its integration into health systems in LMICs.
Key concepts for quality as foundational in qualitative research: milkshakes, mirrors and maps in 3D
Authors: Saville Young Lisa
Published: February 2016

With increasing calls for evidence-based practice within the discipline of psychology in South Africa alongside the now established value of qualitative methodologies, qualitative research that is both relevant and methodologically sound is of vital importance. Internationally, the recognition of the need for criteria with which to evaluate qualitative research has generated a number of useful and important guidelines. Integrating these already existing guidelines, this article outlines four key concepts useful in pursuing quality in qualitative research: coherence, reflexivity, rigour and richness. To thicken these concepts, I use analogies and draw on examples from my own research. The article is aimed at teachers, consumers, reviewers and producers of qualitative research within psychology in South Africa with the purpose of fostering a particular attitude towards quality markers as foundational rather than additional to qualitative research.
Assessment of Innovative Performance Management in Chinese Police System
Authors: Ding Jingyan , Zheng Quanquan , Wang Xiaomei , Zhu Hong , Zhang Jin
Published: February 2016

After decades of development effort and referring to best practices from other public sectors, an integrated performance management system for the police organizations in China has already been established. However, it is rare that any evaluation of the effect of implementing performance management is conducted either by researchers or practitioners. This study targets police officers as samples from police organizations in Zhejiang Province in China. A questionnaire on evaluation of performance management for police officers was developed which included four factors: job characteristic, leadership style, internal operational mechanism of performance management, and interpersonal relationship. This study also explored the relationship between evaluation of performance management and job satisfaction, and tested the mediating effect of perceived social support on job satisfaction. The practical implications of this study on the Chinese system of policing are discussed.
Effect of Perioperative Probiotics and Synbiotics on Postoperative Infections After Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yang Zhiping , Wu Qiong , Liu Yunfang , Fan Daiming
Published: February 2016

Background: Bacterial infection following gastrointestinal surgery remains a common morbidity. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of the perioperative use of probiotics and synbiotics on postoperative infections. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify pertinent randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was postoperative infection rate. The secondary outcomes were length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, length of antibiotic therapy, and mortality. The pooled outcomes were calculated using random effects models. Results: Twenty‐eight RCTs involving 2511 patients were included in this systematic review. The incidence of infectious complications was lower among patients who received probiotics/synbiotics than among the controls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24–0.50), particularly regarding respiratory (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.28–0.68), urinary tract (OR = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.16–0.55), and wound infections (OR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42–0.80). The lengths of hospital stay (mean difference [MD] = −3.20; 95% CI, −4.87 to −1.54) and duration of antibiotic therapy (MD = −3.40; 95% CI, −4.67 to −2.13) were shorter for patients who received probiotics/synbiotics than for controls. There were no significant differences in mortality (OR = 1.19; 95% CI, 0.52–2.74) or length of ICU stay (MD = −0.46; 95% CI, −1.07 to 0.14) between the compared groups. Conclusion: Probiotics and synbiotics may prevent postoperative infections in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. However, the results need to be interpreted with caution due to the risk of bias in the included studies and the potential publication bias.
Linking Merger and Acquisition Strategies to Postmerger Integration: A Configurational Perspective of Human Resource Management
Authors: Brueller Nir N. , Carmeli Abraham , Markman Gideon D.
Published: February 2016

The extant literature tends to frame mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and postmerger integration (PMI) as strategies and outcomes, but this framing often leaves their underlying processes underexplored. We address this gap by redirecting attention to the view that M&As are largely embedded in social and human practices. Our conceptual study identifies three generic M&A strategies—annex & assimilate, harvest & protect, and link & promote—and matches them with three well-known PMI outcomes (i.e., absorption, preservation, and symbiosis, respectively). Using a configurational perspective and drawing upon the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) model, we develop a conceptual framework that reveals why and how AMO-enhancing human resource management (HRM) practices can link M&A strategies and PMI outcomes. Finally, we elaborate on the theoretical and practical contributions and chart a course for future inquiry and research applications for the M&A-HRM-PMI triad and its processes.
Understanding the gender gap in school performance among low-income children
Authors: Kingdon Danielle , Serbin Lisa A. , Stack Dale M.
Published: February 2016

Internationally, girls outperform boys in overall school performance. The gender gap is particularly large among those in at-risk groups, such as children from families at economic disadvantage. This study modeled the academic trajectories of a low-income sample of boys and girls from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Project across the full course of schooling. Results from a multiple-group latent growth curve analysis revealed that children from this low-income sample demonstrated a significant decreasing trajectory of academic performance over time, which intensified after the transition from elementary to secondary schooling. A gender gap in academic performance emerged after the children transitioned to secondary school, with girls outperforming boys. Boys continued to experience greater academic decline than did girls across the secondary school years, and individual and family characteristics assessed in early elementary school predicted these academic trajectories. At school entry, boys showed higher levels of attention problems than did girls, which in turn predicted boys’ poorer school performance. However, boys with stronger reading skills and greater maternal school involvement during the early years of schooling were protected against declining academic performance across the secondary school years. Implications for prevention programs are discussed.
Shared Care Contributions to Self-Care and Quality of Life in Chronic Cardiac Patients
Authors: Sebern Margaret , Brown Roger , Flatley-Brennan Patricia
Published: February 2016

Shared care is an interpersonal interaction system composed of communication, decision making, and reciprocity; it is used by patients and family caregivers (care dyads) to exchange social support. This study’s purpose was to describe the contributions of shared care to outcomes for individuals with cardiac disease. A secondary data analysis was used to answer the following questions. What is the association between elements of shared care and patient outcomes? Do dyad perceptions of shared care differentially contribute to patient outcomes? Participants in this study were 93 individuals with a cardiac disease and 93 family caregivers. Composite index structured equation modeling was the analytic tool. Caregiver communication and reciprocity were related to patient mental quality of life. Patient communication and reciprocity were related to their own mental and physical quality of life and self-care confidence. Findings from this study contribute a better understanding of how care dyads are integral to patient outcomes.
The politics and policies of welfare chauvinism under the economic crisis
Authors: Keskinen Suvi , Norocel Ov Cristian , Jørgensen Martin Bak
Published: February 2016

The ongoing economic crisis that emerged in the wake of the global recession in 2008, and was followed by the more recent crisis of the Eurozone, has introduced new themes and remoulded old ways of approaching the welfare state, immigration, national belonging and racism in Northern Europe. This article identifies two main ways of understanding welfare chauvinism: 1) as a broad concept that covers all sorts of claims and policies to reserve welfare benefits for the ‘native’ population; 2) an ethno-nationalist and racialising political agenda, characteristic especially of right-wing populist parties. Focusing on the relationship between politics and policies, we examine how welfare chauvinist political agendas are turned into policies and what hinders welfare chauvinist claims from becoming policy matters and welfare practices. It is argued that welfare chauvinism targeting migrants is part of a broader neoliberal restructuring of the welfare state and of welfare retrenchment.
Assessing the risk and prevalence of hate crime victimization in Western Europe
Authors: Van Kesteren John
Published: February 2016

This article presents results of multivariate and multi-level analyses of data on hate crime victimization from 14 Western European nations. Although the ethnic composition of immigrant communities shows considerable variation across the 14 countries, in all countries self-defined immigrants are disproportionately exposed to hate crimes. The level of hate crime prevalence is positively correlated with the size of the immigrant communities. The results of a loglinear analysis of individual risks of being victimized by hate crime show that young age and migrant status are the most important independent risk factors of hate crime victimization at the individual level. Other important risk factors are residence in a capital or other large city, low income and an outgoing lifestyle. These risk factors resemble those of victimization by common contact crimes. This result suggests that, although the motivations of offenders are different, the distribution of hate crime victimization at the individual level can to some extent be interpreted through general victimological theories such as lifestyle-exposure theory. These analyses were replicated with a multi-level analysis including data at the macro level on the characteristics of 229 European regions. In this analysis, known criminogenic factors of contact crimes at the macro level, such as the proportion of young males, low income and low employment, are included in the models, besides the proportion of migrants among the inhabitants of the region. The results confirm the salience of the previously identified independent risk factors at the individual level. At the macro level, the relative size of migrant communities per region stands out as the most important factor explaining variance in hate crime prevalence. No independent relationships were found between the socio-economic or demographic characteristics of European regions and the extent of hate crime victimization. The latter results confirm findings of similar analyses of data from the USA. They suggest that in Western Europe hate crimes are driven by cultural tensions between traditional inhabitants and immigrants (community defense hypothesis), rather than by the strain experienced by the perpetrators (economic threat hypothesis). The unexpected finding that levels of educational attainment of European regions are associated with higher levels of hate crime victimization cannot be easily interpreted with either of the two hypotheses about the causes of hate crime victimization. It is tentatively interpreted as a measurement artifact resulting from heightened sensitivity to various types of hate crime victimization among better-educated minority groups.
Age-Associated Pathology in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Simmons H. A.
Published: February 2016

The rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta) is one of the most extensively used nonhuman primate models for human diseases. This article presents a literature review focusing on major organ systems and age-associated conditions in humans and primates, combined with information from the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center Electronic Health Record database to highlight and contrast age-associated lesions in geriatric rhesus macaques with younger cohorts. Rhesus macaques are excellent models for age-associated conditions, including diabetes, osteoarthritis, endometriosis, visual accommodation, hypertension, osteoporosis, and amyloidosis. Adenocarcinoma of the large intestine (ileocecocolic junction, cecum, and colon) is the most common spontaneous neoplasm in the rhesus macaque. A combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies is required to truly define mechanisms of maturation, aging, and the pathology of age-associated conditions in macaques and thus humans. The rhesus macaque is and will continue to be an appropriate and valuable model for investigation of the mechanisms and treatment of age-associated diseases.
Sorting victims from workers
Authors: Strauss Kendra
Published: February 2016

This paper builds on work on forced labour and human trafficking to argue for the value of geographical approaches to legal scale, and for more geographical research on the process of jurisdiction. Vulnerability to forced labour and human trafficking is related to processes of social and political categorization and legal characterization. Yet territorial understandings of jurisdiction, and those which conceptualize jurisdiction as a process of sorting, often imply a relatively straightforward correspondence between legal scales and legal subjects. I propose an approach to legal scale that builds on feminist analyses in labour law and human geography.
Arthroscopic Implant-Free Bone Grafting for Shoulder Instability With Glenoid Bone Loss
Authors: Anderl Werner , Pauzenberger Leo , Laky Brenda , Kriegleder Bernhard , Heuberer Philipp R.
Published: February 2016

Background:

Posttraumatic anteroinferior shoulder dislocations with concomitant glenoid bone loss show high recurrence rates. The open J-bone graft technique for implant-less anatomic restoration of bony glenoid structure has previously been described, whereas results of arthroscopic techniques are currently not available.

Purpose:

To evaluate clinical and radiological outcome after arthroscopic anatomic reconstruction of the glenoid for recurrent anteroinferior glenohumeral instability.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Fifteen shoulders of 14 patients with recurrent anteroinferior shoulder instability were prospectively followed after glenoid reconstruction with a modified arthroscopic, implant-free J-bone graft. Preoperatively, the instability severity index score was documented. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years using the Rowe score and the Constant score. Subjective outcome was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and the subjective shoulder value for sports (SSVS); satisfaction with procedure outcome was also rated. Range of motion was recorded. Incidence of recurrent instability, defined as dislocation, subluxation, or persistent apprehensiveness, was documented. Pre- and postoperative (1 day and 3, 12, and 24 months) computed tomographic images were used to evaluate glenoid bone loss, reconstruction of the glenoid, and graft remodeling.

Results:

All preoperative scores (Rowe score: 57.6 ± 14.4; Constant score: 70.9 ± 8.9; VAS: 4.4 ± 2.6; SSVS: 31.4% ± 19.5%) were significantly ( P ≤ .02) improved at final follow-up (Rowe score: 98.6 ± 1.5; Constant score: 96.3 ± 3.9; VAS: 0.2 ± 0.6; SSVS: 95.6% ± 3.8%). The preoperative glenoid area (82.1% ± 4.5%) was significantly increased immediately after surgery to 99.2% ± 6.6% ( P < .001). After a physiological remodeling process, the glenoid area remained significantly increased at the latest follow-up (89.5 ± 3.2%, P < .001). J-bone grafting successfully restored glenoid concavity by significantly increasing concavity extent and depth from preoperative (19.8 ± 2.1 and 0.9 ± 0.6 mm, respectively) to postoperative (24.0 ± 2.1 and 2.1 ± 0.8 mm, respectively) ( P < .001). There were no recurrent instabilities. One traumatic graft fracture occurred during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

The arthroscopic J-bone graft technique permits minimally invasive reconstruction of anteroinferior glenoid defects and provided excellent early clinical outcome without recurrent instability in posttraumatic shoulder dislocations. A physiological remodeling process leads to restoration of a more natural glenoid anatomy.
Ready-to-Use Supplementary Foods and Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods
Authors: Schweitzer Cindy
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this commentary is to describe the current regulatory environment for the multitude of ready-to-use supplementary foods and ready-to-use therapeutic foods used in international feeding programs for undernourished and malnourished children. A perspective on the role of standards, their desirable scope, benefits and limitations as well as possible future developments of products in these categories also is provided.
Optimizing Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods for Protein Quality, Cost, and Acceptability
Authors: Weber Jacklyn , Callaghan Meghan
Published: February 2016

This article describes current research on the development of alternative ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) in the treatment of severe acute malnutrition. An innovative and versatile linear programming tool has been developed to facilitate the creation of therapeutic formulas that are determined acceptable on multiple levels: costs, ingredient acceptability, availability and stability, nutrient requirements, and personal preferences. The formulas are analyzed for ease of production by Washington University team members and for organoleptic properties acceptability to target populations. In the future, RUTF products that are cost-effective, acceptable, sustainable, and widely available will become a reality.
La créativité des équipes: l’efficacité créative personnelle et collective et leurs déterminants
Authors: Dampérat Maud , Jeannot Florence , Jongmans Eline , Jolibert Alain
Published: February 2016

Cet article propose un modèle intégrateur de l’efficacité créative personnelle et collective. Le modèle teste l’influence de l’efficacité créative personnelle et de ses déterminants (connaissances acquises par l’expérience et par l’observation, encouragements verbaux d’un tiers et activation émotionnelle), ainsi que celle de la proximité sociale, sur l’efficacité créative collective. De plus, la validité prédictive de l’efficacité créative collective est testée via l’originalité perçue de la production créative des équipes. Les résultats valident la conceptualisation proposée, incluant la hiérarchisation des déterminants de l’efficacité créative personnelle. Ils soulignent également l’existence d’une relation quadratique entre la proximité sociale et l’efficacité créative collective, ainsi que le rôle de médiateur partiel de l’efficacité créative personnelle entre ses déterminants et l’efficacité créative collective.
Whole Exome Sequencing in Pediatric Neurology Patients
Authors: Nolan Danielle , Carlson Martha
Published: February 2016

Genetic heterogeneity in neurologic disorders has been an obstacle to phenotype-based diagnostic testing. The authors hypothesized that information compiled via whole exome sequencing will improve clinical diagnosis and management of pediatric neurology patients. The authors performed a retrospective chart review of patients evaluated in the University of Michigan Pediatric Neurology clinic between 6/2011 and 6/2015. The authors recorded previous diagnostic testing, indications for whole exome sequencing, and whole exome sequencing results. Whole exome sequencing was recommended for 135 patients and obtained in 53 patients. Insurance barriers often precluded whole exome sequencing. The most common indication for whole exome sequencing was neurodevelopmental disorders. Whole exome sequencing improved the presumptive diagnostic rate in the patient cohort from 25% to 48%. Clinical implications included family planning, medication selection, and systemic investigation. Compared to current second tier testing, whole exome sequencing can result in lower long-term charges and more timely diagnosis. Overcoming barriers related to whole exome sequencing insurance authorization could allow for more efficient and fruitful diagnostic neurological evaluations.
The Availability and Utility of Services to Address Risk Factors for Recidivism Among Justice-Involved Veterans
Authors: Blonigen Daniel M. , Rodriguez Allison L. , Manfredi Luisa , Britt Jessica , Nevedal Andrea , Finlay Andrea K. , Rosenthal Joel , Smelson David , Timko Christine
Published: February 2016

The availability and utility of services to address recidivism risk factors among justice-involved veterans is unknown. We explored these issues through qualitative interviews with 63 Specialists from the Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) Veterans Justice Programs. To guide the interviews, we utilized the risk–need–responsivity (RNR) model of offender rehabilitation. Specialists reported that justice-involved veterans generally have access to services to address most RNR-based risk factors (substance abuse, lack of positive school/work involvement, family/marital dysfunction, lack of prosocial activities/interests), but have less access to services targeting risk factors of antisocial tendencies and associates and empirically based treatments for recidivism in VA. Peer-based services, motivational interviewing/cognitive-behavioral therapy, and Veterans Treatment Courts were perceived as useful to address multiple risk factors. These findings highlight potential gaps in provision of evidence-based care to address recidivism among justice-involved veterans, as well as promising policy-based solutions that may have widespread impact on reducing recidivism in this population.
Redefining Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Barbour Joshua B. , Manly Jacquelyn N.
Published: February 2016

The utility of disaster preparation efforts involving volunteers is axiomatic, but a poor understanding of volunteer responder organizing may waste volunteer effort or, worse, endanger response. Effectively integrating volunteer effort during response necessitates understanding how volunteers figure into preparation, but most disaster research is concerned with best practices for response not preparation itself. Insights regarding the management of the political, rhetorical, and organizational challenges of implementing and evaluating disaster preparation are also needed. This study investigated how volunteer disaster responders—volunteers and volunteer coordinators in multiple Citizen Emergency Response Teams and Medical Reserve Corps—negotiated contradictions among and within institutional logics relevant to disaster preparation to justify their efforts. Their accounts drew on institutional logics of preparation and the professional to do so, and provided evidence of reflexivity about, mobilization of, and reconstruction of these logics—generative praxis that may enable innovation in disaster policy and preparation.
Salvage Treatment of Mucormycosis Post-Liver Transplant With Posaconazole During Sirolimus Maintenance Immunosuppression
Authors: Deyo Jennifer C. , Nicolsen Nicole , Lachiewicz Anne , Kozlowski Tomasz
Published: February 2016

We describe the first successful case of posaconazole salvage therapy for mucormycosis with concomitant sirolimus (SRL) maintenance immunosuppression following liver transplantation, despite black box drug interaction following intolerance to first-line tacrolimus and amphotericin due to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. This case describes a 55-year-old female who developed rhinocerebral mucormycosis 108 days after liver transplantation. After 3 months of posaconazole therapy, the patient remains free of disease at 3 years posttransplant. This case report illustrates successful resolution of mucormycosis without SRL toxicity to resolve nephrotoxicity of long-term amphotericin on top of already nephrotoxic immunosuppression. With higher bioavailability of recently FDA-approved posaconazole delayed release tablets, this azole may be a therapeutic option for transplant patients who need to remain on CYP3A4-metabolized immunosuppressive agents.
The Relationship Between the Civic Engagement of Parents and Children
Authors: Quaranta Mario , Dotti Sani Giulia M.
Published: February 2016

Although previous research has suggested the existence of a positive association between the political activities of parents and children, little is known about other forms of civic engagement. In particular, the literature lacks an international comparative study on the intergenerational transmission of civic involvement. Using Bayesian multilevel models on data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2006 special module on social participation, this article tests hypotheses on the patterns of civic engagement of parents and children in 18 European countries with different political legacies. Our results show a positive association between the participation in associational activities of parents and children in all the considered countries, above and beyond individual and contextual characteristics. In particular, we do not find an evident East–West gap in the socialization process, suggesting that the Communist past of Eastern and Central European countries has little influence on what can be considered a basic mechanism of civic learning.
The sensibility on dynamic characteristics of pre-pressure thin-wall pipe under elastic boundary conditions
Authors: Chaofeng Li , Qiansheng Tang , Boqing Miao , Bangchun Wen
Published: February 2016

Consideration is given to dynamic behavior of cylindrical pressure pipe with elastic boundary conditions. Based on Sanders’ shell theory and Hamilton principle, the system equations are established for integrating the uniform distributed pressure into the elastic boundary condition. In the analytical formulation, the Rayleigh–Ritz method with a set of displacement shape functions is used to deduce mass, damping, and stiffness matrices of the pipe system. The displacements in three directions are represented by the characteristic orthogonal polynomial series and trigonometric functions which are satisfied with the elastic boundary conditions, which are represented as four sets of independent springs placed at the ends including three sets of linear springs and one set of rotational spring. The pressure pipe always suffers a uniform distributed pressure in radial direction. To verify the accuracy and reliability of the present method, several numerical examples with classical boundary condition, including free and simply supported supports are listed and comparisons are made with open literature. Then the influences of boundary restraint stiffness and the distributed pressure on natural frequency and the forced vibration response are studied: The natural frequencies increase significantly as the restraint stiffness or the distributed pressure increases. Compared to the rotational spring stiffness, the stiffnesses of axial, radial, and circumferential springs have more significant effect on natural frequency. And the lower modes are more sensitive on restraint stiffness than higher modes. But the variation of natural frequency with respect to the spring stiffness decreases monotonically with the increasing distributed pressure. The forced vibration response is also affected by the restraint stiffness.
Experimental study on dynamic load measurement of a tilting mechanism of a railway vehicle using two hydraulic cylinders
Authors: Kim Ho-Yeon , Lee Jun-Ho , Han Seong-Ho , Lee Nam-Jin , Kim Bong-Tak , Kang Chul-Goo
Published: February 2016

A tilting train is primarily designed to achieve increased speed in a curved section without causing discomfort to passengers. Ensuring the safety of the tilting control system is one of the most important factors in such a train. This paper presents the development of a hydraulic tilting system that can measure the force in real time to find the cause of overcurrent occurring often in an actuator of a Korean tilting train. To smoothly realize tilting motion of the Korean tiling train using hydraulic actuators, the developed hydraulic tilting mechanism was designed such that synchronization control of two hydraulic cylinders installed in opposite directions was possible; furthermore, a cooling system was developed to ensure a test environment with an appropriate temperature. The actual force acting on the two hydraulic cylinders was measured and analyzed for various tilting speed of the Korean tilting train. The experimental results show that the hydraulic tilting actuator system developed for the Korean tilting train is valid. Furthermore, it is shown that two actuator loads are detected successfully acting on the hydraulic tilting system.
Reducing fuel consumption of diesel-electric locomotives using hybrid powertrain and fuzzy look-ahead control
Authors: Saadat M , Esfahanian M , Saket MH
Published: February 2016

Diesel-electric locomotives consume a significant amount of fuel in rail transportation systems. The power transmission system of these locomotives is similar to that of hybrid electric vehicles, so the available diesel-electric locomotives can be promoted to series hybrid locomotives by adding an energy storage source. In this study, the GM SD40-2 locomotive is considered as a case study and the series hybrid structure for this locomotive is designed and simulated by adding a lithium-ion battery pack. Additionally, control strategy plays an important role in reducing the amount of fuel consumed by hybrid electric vehicles. The fuzzy look-ahead control is applied as an online approach for fuel consumption reduction in railway transportation. A fuzzy controller modifies throttle position by accounting for the battery state of charge, the gradient and desired speed of the path ahead. The model developed in this study for train motion simulation considers the locomotive subsystems and satisfies the experimental fuel consumption data specified in the locomotive’s catalog. A simulation of a freight train with the GM SD40-2 locomotive on a local track showed considerable improvement of fuel economy when using series hybrid structure in conjunction with our proposed algorithm for diesel-electric locomotives.
Relation of Plasma Fibrinogen Level With the Presence, Severity, and Complexity of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Tabakcı Mehmet Mustafa , Gerin Fethullah , Sunbul Murat , Toprak Cuneyt , Durmuş Halil İbrahim , Demir Serdar , Arslantaş Uğur , Cerşit Sinan , Batgerel Ulaankhuu , Kargın Ramazan
Published: February 2016

Background:

Relation of plasma fibrinogen levels with extent, severity, and complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) has not been adequately investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether plasma fibrinogen level is associated with coronary complexity, severity, and extent assessed by SYNTAX (Synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery) score (SS).

Methods:

We enrolled 134 consecutive patients with SAP who underwent coronary angiography. Baseline serum fibrinogen levels were measured, and SS was calculated from the study population. The patients were classified into 3 groups by tertiles of SS (SS, control group = 0; intermediate group < 22; and high group ≥ 22).

Results:

Plasma fibrinogen levels demonstrated a stepwise increase from control group to high SS group. There was a strong correlation between fibrinogen and the SS ( r = .535, P < .001). Area under the receivers operating characteristic curve of fibrinogen was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61-0.82; < .001) for predicting a high SS. Fibrinogen value higher than 411 mg/dL has a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 64% in prediction of high SS. In multivariate analyses, plasma fibrinogen was observed to be an independent predictor for high SS in patients with stable CAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02; P < .001).

Conclusion:

Plasma fibrinogen is a readily measurable systemic inflammatory marker and is independently associated coronary severity and complexity in patients with CAD.
‘Tiny talks’ between colleagues: Brief narratives as mediation in teacher development
Authors: Zoshak Rebecca
Published: February 2016

During my third semester as a student pursuing a Masters in Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) – which was also my second semester as an ESL teacher – I was encouraged by a professor of a graduate seminar to think outside the box about professional development (PD). After all, inquiry-based approaches to PD and teacher education emphasize reflection and collaboration instead of relying solely on ‘traditional’ methods that tend to favor theory over practice and can result in ‘fact-cramming’ (Warford, 2011). This challenge led me to ponder those quick moments of time that teachers spend walking and talking: between classes, on the way to their cars, catching up before a meeting. Could these short moments and the brief conversations that occur therein provide opportunities for serious reflection for a novice teacher? This project introduces ‘tiny talks’ as instances of narrative as mediation by examining four conversations between two colleagues (both teacher-students, but with different levels of teaching experience) and four individual reflections by the novice teacher, which followed each conversation. A grounded content analysis identified the most salient elements of the ‘tiny talks’ (charged emotional language, wrestling with dual identities, and connecting theoretical concepts from seminars with teaching in the classroom) and revealed how the ‘tiny talks’ project functioned as a mediational tool in transforming a change in what I thought and facilitating progress in how I came to think about my role as a teacher-student and both being and becoming a teacher. While a powerful benefit of the ‘tiny talks’ and the reflection it fosters is the casual nature of the interactions, possible applications to teacher education and professional development are discussed.
The body mechanical: Building a caring community, crafting a functioning body
Authors: Hung Yiling
Published: February 2016

When Hansen’s disease became treatable in Taiwan in the mid-20th century, a group of Hansen’s disease patients lost their sick role despite still having lingering symptoms that continued to evolve. While sociologists have explored in-depth situations in which the social role of the sick is ambiguous, few studies have investigated body experiences under liminality that requires sick people to find a new sick role. Living with lingering symptoms in a post–Hansen’s disease world, the Hansen’s disease patients I have studied face the conundrum of having to find an alternative sick role. Ethnographic fieldwork demonstrates how patients develop a specific set of body techniques that shape and are shaped by their membership in a patient community. Exploring the reinforcing projects of re-embodiment and sociality around Hansen’s disease, I argue that patients are able both to legitimate each other’s feelings of sickness and to use those feelings to manage their illness and, as such, to collectively acquire an alternative sick role. Adding to existing discussions of active patients, this article identifies the body mechanical as a way of practicing active patienthood organized around fixing, trials, mending and functionality.