bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atitudes frente à avaliação psicológica de candidatos à obtenção e renovação da CNH
Authors: Ambiel Rodolfo Augusto Matteo , Mognon Jocemara Ferreira , Ishizawa Fabiana Mitiko
Published: February 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as atitudes acerca do processo de avaliação psicológica pericial no trânsito. Participaram da pesquisa 50 candidatos à obtenção da primeira Carteira Nacional de Habilitação (CNH) e de renovação, que responderam a um Questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Atitudes frente ao Serviço de Avaliação Psicológica. Os resultados indicaram que os participantes apresentaram atitudes favoráveis à avaliação psicológica pericial e os candidatos à primeira CNH que atribuíram maior importância ao processo. Diferentemente, os candidatos com Ensino Superior foram os que atribuíram menor importância ao processo. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na comparação das variáveis sexo e idade. Foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas e positivas entre os fatores da Escala de atitudes e às variáveis importância, eficiência e notas atribuídas ao processo. Com base nos resultados, infere-se que apesar das queixas sobre a avaliação psicológica pericial, os candidatos avaliados reconhecem a sua importância para o trânsito.
Possíveis contribuições da psicologia na Estratégia de Saúde da Família: Interdisciplinaridade entre fazeres e saberes
Authors: Valle Marques Ana Alice Dalla , De Oliveira Rafael Wolski
Published: February 2016

A Psicologia mostra-se na atualidade como um amplo campo de atuação que abrange diferentes áreas de conhecimento. Entender possíveis contribuições da Psicologia na Estratégia da Saúde da Família e como se dá a operacionalização dos trabalhos interdisciplinares em equipe, propicia ampliar e desenvolver conhecimento, contribuir com a transformação social e para uma atuação mais ativa na ampliação da rede de cuidado em saúde mental e no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Esse estudo de natureza qualitativa, utilizou a análise de conteúdo, a partir da observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas. O estudo aponta para necessidade de desenvolver constantemente novas formas de promover saúde, capazes de contemplar os sujeitos na sua integralidade. O papel da Psicologia na ESF vai além de ações simplistas de avaliação, encaminhamento e tratamento. Trata-se de ampliar possibilidades para promover atuações e serviços que se mostrem resolutivos e satisfatórios para usuários e equipe de saúde.
Testes projetivos na avaliação psicológica da esquizofrenia: Uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Zuanazzi Ana Carolina , Ribeiro Rafaela Larsen
Published: February 2016

Objetivou-se investigar o que se tem produzido no Brasil sobre a temática do uso de instrumentos projetivos/expressivos na avaliação psicológica de pacientes com esquizofrenia. Para tanto, fez-se uma revisão da literatura brasileira nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Medline, Pepsic e Index Psicologia a partir dos descritores “avaliação e esquizofrenia” e um dos seguintes termos: Rorschach, TAT, HTP, Pfister, Zulliger, Palográfico ou PMK. Foram selecionados dez artigos a partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Nos últimos dez anos foram publicados 80% dos artigos encontrados, sendo o Rorschach o instrumento mais utilizado nesse contexto. Não foram encontrados estudos com os instrumentos HTP, Palográfico, PMK e Zulliger. Apesar do baixo número de estudos na literatura brasileira, considera-se que o uso de instrumentos projetivos na avaliação psicológica de pessoas com esquizofrenia enriquece o diagnóstico e a verificação de potencialidades e dificuldades emocionais e da percepção da realidade nessa população.
O conceito de alianças inconscientes como fundamento ao trabalho vincular em psicanálise
Authors: De Carvalho Godoy Castanho Pablo
Published: February 2016

A relação indivíduo-sociedade é um desfio ao pensamento nas ciências humanas e sociais em geral e para a psicanálise em particular. Neste artigo, objetiva-se a apresentação e sustentação da lógica contratualista em psicanálise como fundamento para o trabalho vincular (com casais, famílias, grupos e instituições). A partir do estudo atento de dois textos sociais de Freud, busca-se caracterizar a noção de contrato no autor. Em seguida, apresenta-se o conceito de alianças inconscientes, de René Kaës, como um desenvolvimento possível dessa noção. Conclui-se sobre as especificidades e a potencialidade do conceito de alianças inconscientes para contribuir para o debate da relação indivíduo-sociedade em geral e sobre sua pertinência e utilidade como fundamento para o trabalho psicanalítico vincular.
Artvismo urbano: as novas figurações políticas dos feminismos latino-americanos
Authors: Oliveira Júlia Glaciela Da Silva
Published: February 2016

Este artigo propõe tecer uma breve apresentação a respeito das intervenções estéticas e culturais urbanas de grupos feministas do Brasil, Argentina e Bolívia, que emergiram entre o final da década de 1980 e início dos anos 1990, os quais constroem críticas sobre as relações de poder que atravessam o cotidiano das mulheres. Desde os anos de 1970, artistas e coletivos feministas adotaram a “arte ativista”, isto é, performances artísticas e intervenções culturais como forma de militância. Por meio de diversos elementos estéticos, como apresentações de teatros, afiches, painéis, publicações, grafites, entre outros, estes grupos têm ocupado e ressignificado os espaços públicos inovando a bandeira do “pessoal é político”. Portanto, essas organizações têm atualizado o imaginário cultural sobre temas inerentes aos feminismos latino-americanos como a violência de gênero, a autonomia sobre o corpo, a homofobia e as questões étnicas. Deste modo, a proposta pretende cartografar a experiência de três grupos latino-americanos, a saber: As Loucas de Pedra Lilás (Brasil), Mujeres Creando (Bolívia) e Mujeres Públicas (Argentina), no intuito de compreender como estes têm construído novos significados para a ocupação do espaço público, bem como problematizado as construções identitárias e os direitos adquiridos no período de redemocratização de seus países.
Cultura da mídia e medievalidade: uma análise do videojogo Assassin’s Creed
Authors: Porto César Henrique De Queiroz , Silva Luiz Gustavo Soares
Published: February 2016

Este trabalho analisa o videojogo Assassin’s Creed que, lançado em 2007, pela empresa Ubisoft Montreal, evoca representações do período medieval, destacando a Seita dos Assassinos e vários personagens históricos em meio à Terceira Cruzada. Devido à pouca produção bibliográfica envolvendo o assunto, lançamos mão de parte da teoria cinematográfica para subsidiar este trabalho. Exploramos em que medida a história representada no jogo dialoga com o momento de sua produção. Além disso, procuramos colocar em evidência o modo como os consumidores dessa trama, através da convergência das mídias, buscaram estabelecer uma relação mais próxima do enredo apresentado à sua experiência cotidiana.
A América do Sul no mapa mural de Willem Blaeu de 1608: contribuições para a construção do continente
Authors: Doré Andréa
Published: February 2016

A idade de ouro da cartográfica holandesa que se desenvolveu no final do século XVI e ao longo do século XVII foi a mais rica e criativa na produção de mapas murais, feitos para decorar as paredes de palácios, salas de famílias nobres, bibliotecas de homens de estado ou de ricos comerciantes. Este artigo apresenta alguns aspectos relativos à América do Sul contidos no mapa mural de Willem Jansz Blaeu, de 1608, intitulado America quarta pars orbis, considerado um dos mais influentes mapas da América. Interessa especialmente destacar as fontes e as escolhas feitas pelos autores – cartógrafo e gravador – concernentes às representações de homens e mulheres, habitantes naturais da terra, e as cidades já existentes ou inauguradas pelos europeus.
Da Comissão Nacional da Verdade ao Direito à Verdade: a validação discursiva das coleções nas bibliotecas
Authors: Lima Kelly Pereira de , Miglioli Sarah , Lima Clóvis Ricardo Montenegro de
Published: February 2016

Introdução: Analisa o conceito de informação, verdade e validade discursiva. Propõe a formalização e revisão da Política de Desenvolvimento de Coleção em vista da ética informacional, Comissão Nacional da Verdade e censura.

Objetivo: Discute o posicionamento do agir do profissional da informação, de forma socialmente responsável, diante do novo cenário e atuação por meio de uma política de desenvolvimento de coleção com decisões éticas de quais verdades irão fazer parte do acervo

Metodologia: O marco teórico deste artigo se propõe a analisar a complexidade da questão da verdade por meio de Jürgen Habermas e Michel Foucault, sob a égide da filosofia da linguagem e da consciência, respectivamente. Primeiramente aborda sob o foco crítico a relação entre informação e verdade. Posteriormente, serão trazidos os fatos históricos da Comissão Nacional da Verdade, a verdade nas bibliotecas, e por último, a validação discursiva do desenvolvimento de coleções.

Resultados: Através de Habermas, o marco teórico se utiliza da aprendizagem intersubjetiva por meio da linguagem, ou seja, no discurso residente na possibilidade do entendimento mútuo e da prevalência da verdade. Ter coragem de dizer e procurar a verdade, sugeridas por Foucault, são posturas que compõe a ética de um profissional que é solidário com a dignidade humana de cada integrante de sua comunidade.

Conclusões: O profissional da informação tem uma responsabilidade social, por ser a incorporação da alma de uma sociedade e de seu pressuposto democrático. Sua relevância encontra-se no fato de reger o potencial inerente às coleções de maneira a promover a verdade, sem a qual sua atuação perderia o viés moral e ético.
Gestão da informação em ambientes organizacionais: em foco o setor têxtil e de vestuário
Authors: Santos Juliana Cardoso dos , Valentim Marta Lígia Pomim
Published: February 2016

Introdução: A globalização, competitividade e a necessidade em se obter informações direcionadas ao negócio com valor agregado são fatores determinantes para as organizações gerarem diferenciais competitivos. Nesse contexto, as organizações podem ser vistas como sistemas que geram, processam e aplicam informações que, por sua vez, podem ser transformadas em ações estratégicas.

Objetivo: Apresenta referencial teórico sobre o potencial da gestão da informação como instrumento gerador de competitividade para o setor têxtil e de vestuário.

Metodologia: Realizou-se um ensaio de cunho teórico e de caráter descritivo exploratório enfocando a gestão da informação e sua contribuição para a geração de diferenciais competitivos.

Resultados: Infere-se, a partir da análise da literatura, que a competitividade organizacional está imbricada aos fazeres da organização, bem como possui potencial competitivo imensurável para apoiar o desenvolvimento do setor têxtil e de vestuário, sendo relevante e indispensável o uso da gestão da informação para apoiar as estratégias competitivas destes segmentos econômicos.

Conclusões: A partir da análise de conceitos e definições obteve-se uma visão aprofundada sobre a temática, evidenciando que a informação é insumo fundamental para a geração de diferenciais competitivos, bem como instiga novas reflexões sobre a aplicação da gestão da informação em organizações do setor têxtil e de vestuário.
Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma
Authors: Wu Annie , Pullarkat Sheeja
Published: February 2016

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is an uncommon neoplastic proliferation of spindled to ovoid cells with morphologic and immunophenotypic features similar to normal follicular dendritic cells. While most follicular dendritic cell sarcomas arise from lymph nodes, at least one-third occur in extranodal sites. A broad differential diagnosis can be developed—as this tumor has morphologic features similar to other tumors, hence creating a diagnostic pitfall—but its immunophenotypic profile is quite specific and is diagnostically crucial. Herein, we review the pathogenesis; histologic morphology; and immunohistochemical, electron microscopy, and clinical features, including treatment and prognosis, of follicular dendritic cell sarcomas. We will briefly describe the role of molecular studies including utility of BRAF mutations in diagnosing this tumor.
A Comparison of the Roche Cobas HPV Test With the Hybrid Capture 2 Test for the Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes
Authors: Levi Angelique W. , Bernstein Jane I. , Hui Pei , Duch Kara , Schofield Kevin , Chhieng David C.
Published: February 2016

Context

All Food and Drug Administration–approved methods in the United States for human papillomavirus testing including the Hybrid Capture 2 human papillomavirus assay and the Roche cobas human papillomavirus test are approved for cytology specimens collected into ThinPrep media but not for specimens collected into SurePath solution.

Objective

To compare the performance of the Roche cobas and Hybrid Capture 2 tests for the detection of high-risk human papillomavirus using both ThinPrep and SurePath preparations as part of a validation study.

Design

One thousand three hundred seventy-one liquid-based cytology samples, including 1122 SurePath and 249 ThinPrep specimens, were tested for high-risk human papillomavirus DNA using the Roche cobas human papillomavirus test and the Hybrid Capture 2 human papillomavirus assay. For cases with discrepant results, confirmatory testing was performed using Linear Array human papillomavirus testing.

Results

One hundred and fifty-six (11.38%) and 184 (13.42%) of the 1371 specimens tested positive for high-risk human papillomavirus DNA using the Hybrid Capture 2 human papillomavirus assay and Roche cobas human papillomavirus assay, respectively. In addition, 1289 (94.0%) of 1371 specimens demonstrated concordant high-risk human papillomavirus results with a κ value of 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 065–0.78). There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of positive high-risk human papillomavirus results between the 2 liquid-based preparations with either assay. Discordant results between the 2 assays were noted in 82 of 1371 cases (6%). Twenty-seven of 82 cases (32.9%) were Hybrid Capture 2 positive/Roche cobas negative and 55 of 82 cases (67.1%) were Roche cobas positive/Hybrid Capture 2 negative. Two of 20 Hybrid Capture 2–positive/Roche cobas–negative cases (10%) and 26 of 37 Roche cobas–positive/Hybrid Capture 2–negative cases (70%) tested positive for high-risk human papillomavirus by Linear Array.

Conclusions

Both assays showed good agreement and excellent specificity with either ThinPrep or SurePath preparations. The number of discordant results was relatively small. The performance of both assays was similar for ThinPrep specimens, but the Roche cobas test demonstrated higher sensitivity with SurePath specimens.
Point-of-Care Glucose Critical Values: A Q-Probes Study Involving 50 Health Care Facilities and 2349 Critical Results
Authors: Schifman Ron B. , Howanitz Peter J. , Souers Rhona J.
Published: February 2016

Context

Accuracy of blood glucose measurements in the critical value range is important for properly treating patients with severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

Objective

To evaluate the performance and reliability of point-of-care glucose (POCG) results in the critical value range among multiple facilities.

Design

Q-Probes participants retrospectively collected data from up to 50 POCG results in their critical value range including patient location, type of testing operator, repeat glucose results, and caregiver notification. A repeat measurement at 10 minutes or less that was within 15 mg/dL of initial critical low or 20% of initial critical high value was considered a confirmed result.

Results

Fifty facilities submitted data. Of 2349 critical POCG measurements, 1386 (59.0%) were retested. The median institutional retest rate was 56%. The retest rate was significantly higher when initial results were in the critical low range, P < .001. Although 30 of 50 facilities (60%) had written procedures for retesting, this was not associated with higher retest rates (P = .34). Among 35 facilities that routinely retested critical POCG results, 23 (65.7%) had criteria defined for interpreting results. The median institutional confirmation rate for retested specimens was 81.7%. The median institutional rate for caregiver notification of critical POCG results was 85.7%. Five hundred eighty-six of 1488 critical POCG notifications (39.4%) were done on patients in whom specimens were not retested.

Conclusions

This study shows that POCG results in the critical range may be unreliable because of testing errors that are not recognized from lack of confirmatory testing. In addition, notification of critical POCG results is not consistently performed.
Les expériences de victimisation, la santé mentale et le bien-être de jeunes trans au Québec
Authors: Raymond Guillaume , Blais Martin , Bergeron Félix-Antoine , Hébert Martine
Published: February 2016

Les normes traditionnelles de genre prescrivent l’adéquation de l’expression de la masculinité et de la féminité au sexe anatomique de naissance. Les personnes qui présentent des variations dans l’expression de genre sont sujettes à diverses formes de réactions sociales suggérant la réprobation (des regards désapprobateurs aux violences physiques) susceptibles d’influencer négativement leur santé mentale. Trente-sept jeunes se décrivant comme trans ou en questionnement sur leur identité de genre ont été recrutés dans le cadre de l’enquête sur les Parcours amoureux des jeunes de minorités sexuelles du Québec. Leurs expériences de victimisation parentale et de victimisation basée sur la non-conformité de genre ainsi que des indicateurs de santé mentale (détresse psychologique, estime de soi) ont été mesurés. Afin de comparer les expériences de victimisation et l’état de santé mentale des jeunes trans, ils ont été appariés à 37 garçons et 37 filles cisgenres sur la base de leurs caractéristiques sociodémographiques. Des analyses de prévalence et un modèle acheminatoire ont été réalisés. Les résultats mettent en évidence que les jeunes trans sont plus susceptibles de présenter des scores cliniques de détresse psychologique et de faible estime d’eux-mêmes que leurs pairs cisgenres. La violence verbale parentale et la victimisation basée sur la non-conformité de genre influencent négativement l’estime de soi, ce qui en retour augmente la probabilité de vivre de la détresse psychologique. Les résultats appuient l’importance des interventions de soutien à la diversité sexuelle et de genre.
Registered report: RAF inhibitors prime wild-type RAF to activate the MAPK pathway and enhance growth
Authors: Bhargava Ajay , Pelech Steven , Woodard Ben , Kerwin John , Maherali Nimet ,   Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology
Published: February 2016

The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by conducting replications of selected experiments from a number of high-profile papers in the field of cancer biology. The papers, which were published between 2010 and 2012, were selected on the basis of citations and Altmetric scores (Errington et al., 2014). This Registered Report describes the proposed replication plan of key experiments from 'RAF inhibitors prime wild-type RAF to activate the MAPK pathway and enhance growth' by Hatzivassiliou and colleagues, published in Nature in 2010 (Hatzivassiliou et al., 2010). Hatzivassiliou and colleagues examined the paradoxical response of RAF-WT tumors to treatment with RAF inhibitors. The key experiments being replicated include Figure 1A, in which the original authors demonstrated that treatment of a subset of BRAFWT tumor cell lines with RAF small molecule inhibitors resulted in an increase in cell viability, Figure 2B, which reported that RAF inhibitor activation of the MAPK pathway was dependent on CRAF but not BRAF, and Figure 4A, where the dimerization of BRAF and CRAF was modulated by the RAF inhibitor PLX4720, but not GDC-0879. The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology is a collaboration between the Center for Open Science and Science Exchange, and the results of the replications will be published by eLife.
The horizontally-acquired response regulator SsrB drives a Salmonella lifestyle switch by relieving biofilm silencing
Authors: Desai Stuti K , Winardhi Ricksen S , Periasamy Saravanan , Dykas Michal M , Jie Yan , Kenney Linda J
Published: February 2016

A common strategy by which bacterial pathogens reside in humans is by shifting from a virulent lifestyle, (systemic infection), to a dormant carrier state. Two major serovars of Salmonella enterica, Typhi and Typhimurium, have evolved a two-component regulatory system to exist inside Salmonella-containing vacuoles in the macrophage, as well as to persist as asymptomatic biofilms in the gallbladder. Here we present evidence that SsrB, a transcriptional regulator encoded on the SPI-2 pathogenicity-island, determines the switch between these two lifestyles by controlling ancestral and horizontally-acquired genes. In the acidic macrophage vacuole, the kinase SsrA phosphorylates SsrB, and SsrB~P relieves silencing of virulence genes and activates their transcription. In the absence of SsrA, unphosphorylated SsrB directs transcription of factors required for biofilm formation specifically by activating csgD (agfD), the master biofilm regulator by disrupting the silenced, H-NS-bound promoter. Anti-silencing mechanisms thus control the switch between opposing lifestyles.
Imaging a memory trace over half a life-time in the medial temporal lobe reveals a time-limited role of CA3 neurons in retrieval
Authors: Lux Vanessa , Atucha Erika , Kitsukawa Takashi , Sauvage Magdalena M
Published: February 2016

Whether retrieval still depends on the hippocampus as memories age or relies then on cortical areas remains a major controversy. Despite evidence for a functional segregation between CA1, CA3 and parahippocampal areas, their specific role within this frame is unclear. Especially, the contribution of CA3 is questionable as very remote memories might be too degraded to be used for pattern completion. To identify the specific role of these areas, we imaged brain activity in mice during retrieval of recent, early remote and very remote fear memories by detecting the immediate-early gene Arc. Investigating correlates of the memory trace over an extended period allowed us to report that, in contrast to CA1, CA3 is no longer recruited in very remote retrieval. Conversely, we showed that parahippocampal areas are then maximally engaged. These results suggest a shift from a greater contribution of the trisynaptic loop to the temporoammonic pathway for retrieval.
Monolithic integration of a suspended light-emitting diode with a Y-branch structure
Authors: Yuan Jialei , Cai Wei , Gao Xumin , Zhu Guixia , Bai Dan , Zhu Hongbo , Wang Yongjin
Published: February 2016

We describe a double-sided process for the monolithic integration of a light-emitting diode (LED) and a Y-branch structure on a GaN-on-silicon platform. The suspended LED and highly confined waveguides are fabricated by silicon removal with back-side thinning of the suspended membrane. When the LED is turned on, part of the light emission is confined by a suspended rectangular waveguide, and the light propagates laterally. The guided light is then coupled into two branching rectangular waveguides and diffracted into the air at the output facets. The light output can be tuned by the LED, opening the potential for more sophisticated integrated photonic circuits.
Silicon nanodisk array with a fin field-effect transistor for time-domain weighted sum calculation toward massively parallel spiking neural networks
Authors: Tohara Takashi , Liang Haichao , Tanaka Hirofumi , Igarashi Makoto , Samukawa Seiji , Endo Kazuhiko , Takahashi Yasuo , Morie Takashi
Published: February 2016

A nanodisk array connected with a fin field-effect transistor is fabricated and analyzed for spiking neural network applications. This nanodevice performs weighted sums in the time domain using rising slopes of responses triggered by input spike pulses. The nanodisk arrays, which act as a resistance of several giga-ohms, are fabricated using a self-assembly bio-nano-template technique. Weighted sums are achieved with an energy dissipation on the order of 1 fJ, where the number of inputs can be more than one hundred. This amount of energy is several orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional digital processors.
Underwater acoustic communication using orthogonal signal division multiplexing scheme with time diversity
Authors: Ebihara Tadashi , Ogasawara Hanako , Mizutani Koichi
Published: February 2016

In this paper, an underwater acoustic (UWA) communication scheme for mobile platforms is proposed. The proposed scheme is based on the orthogonal signal division multiplexing (OSDM) scheme, which offers highly reliable UWA communication. However, OSDM is not suitable for mobile platforms as it is — it requires a receiver array and a large calculation cost for equalization. To establish a reliable link with small communication platforms, we design OSDM that can perform reliable communication without the need for an array and can reduce receiver complexity using the time-diversity technique (TD), and evaluate its performance in experiments. The experimental results suggest that OSDM-TD can simultaneously achieve power-efficient communications and receiver complexity reduction, and can realize small-scale communication platforms. In detail, OSDM-TD achieved almost the same communication quality as conventional OSDM, in exchange for an effective data rate. Moreover, the power efficiency of OSDM-TD was almost the same as that of conventional OSDM with two receiver array elements, although the calculation cost of OSDM-TD was far below that of conventional OSDM. As a result, it was found that OSDM-TD is suitable for UWA communication for mobile nodes whose capacity and computational resources are severely limited.
Potential use of two subtropical mangrove species (Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle) for nutrient removal in closed recirculating systems
Authors: Moroyoqui-Rojo Leonardo , Flores-Verdugo Francisco , Escobedo-Urias Diana Cecilia , Flores-de-Santiago Francisco , González-Farías Fernando
Published: February 2016

Six silvofishery systems were constructed to estimate the potential use of mangrove seedlings for nutrient removal. Two systems did not contain seedlings (i.e., control treatment), while the remaining systems were divided into separate treatments using two mangrove species (Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle). Each system consisted of two water tanks linked by two hoses. The first tank contained 150 poeciliid fishes, while the second contained a biological filter of gravel and sand on the bottom, as well as a hydroponic arrangement of 34 seedlings. Water exchange between both tanks was performed over a 24-h period, every ten days for seven months, and the concentration of nutrients (NH4+, NO2–, NO3–, and PO4–3) was measured every 8 h. Laguncularia racemosa showed a higher growth rate compared to R. mangle, but there were no differences regarding the growth of fishes among the six systems. Final dissolved inorganic nitrogen removal was 42% in the control treatment and 90% in both treatments using mangroves. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus removal was 45% in the control treatment, 44% in the L. racemosa treatment, and 35% in the R. mangle treatment. Our results indicate that both mangrove species are capable of removing a considerable amount of nitrogen, but phosphorus removal was unsatisfactory.
A comparison of U/Th and rapid‐screen 14C dates from Line Island fossil corals
Authors: Grothe Pamela R. , Cobb Kim M. , Bush Shari L. , Cheng Hai , Santos Guaciara M. , Southon John R. , Lawrence Edwards R. , Deocampo Daniel M. , Sayani Hussein R.
Published: February 2016

Time‐consuming and expensive radiometric dating techniques limit the number of dates available to construct absolute chronologies for high‐resolution paleoclimate reconstructions. A recently developed rapid‐screen 14C dating technique reduces sample preparation time and per sample costs by 90%, but its accuracy has not yet been tested on shallow‐water corals. In this study, we test the rapid‐screen 14C dating technique on shallow‐water corals by comparing 44 rapid‐screen 14C dates to both high‐precision 14C dates and U/Th dates from mid‐ to late‐Holocene fossil corals collected from the central tropical Pacific (2–4°N, 157–160°W). Our results show that 42 rapid‐screen 14C and U/Th dates agree within uncertainties, confirming closed‐system behavior and ensuring chronological accuracy. However, two samples that grew ∼6500 years ago have calibrated 14C ages ∼1000 years younger than the corresponding U/Th ages, consistent with diagenetic alteration as indicated by the presence of 15–23% calcite. Mass balance calculations confirm that the observed dating discrepancies are consistent with 14C addition and U removal, both of which occur during diagenetic calcite recrystallization. Under the assumption that aragonite‐to‐calcite replacement is linear through time, we estimate the samples' true ages using the measured 14C and U/Th dates and percent calcite values. Results illustrate that the rapid‐screen 14C dates of Holocene‐aged fossil corals are accurate for samples with less than 2% calcite. Application of this rapid‐screen 14C method to the fossil coral rubble fields from Kiritimati Island reveal significant chronological clustering of fossil coral across the landscape, with older ages farther from the water's edge.
A constitutive framework for predicting weakening and reduced buttressing of ice shelves based on observations of the progressive deterioration of the remnant Larsen B Ice Shelf
Authors: Borstad Chris , Khazendar Ala , Scheuchl Bernd , Morlighem Mathieu , Larour Eric , Rignot Eric
Published: February 2016

The increasing contribution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to sea level rise is linked to reductions in ice shelf buttressing, driven in large part by basal melting of ice shelves. These ocean‐driven buttressing losses are being compounded as ice shelves weaken and fracture. To date, model projections of ice sheet evolution have not accounted for weakening ice shelves. Here we present the first constitutive framework for ice deformation that explicitly includes mechanical weakening, based on observations of the progressive degradation of the remnant Larsen B Ice Shelf from 2000 to 2015. We implement this framework in an ice sheet model and are able to reproduce most of the observed weakening of the ice shelf. In addition to predicting ice shelf weakening and reduced buttressing, this new framework opens the door for improved understanding and predictions of iceberg calving, meltwater routing and hydrofracture, and ice shelf collapse.
The impact of variable sea ice roughness on changes in Arctic Ocean surface stress: A model study
Authors: Martin Torge , Tsamados Michel , Schroeder David , Feltham Daniel L.
Published: February 2016

The Arctic sea ice cover is thinning and retreating, causing changes in surface roughness that in turn modify the momentum flux from the atmosphere through the ice into the ocean. New model simulations comprising variable sea ice drag coefficients for both the air and water interface demonstrate that the heterogeneity in sea ice surface roughness significantly impacts the spatial distribution and trends of ocean surface stress during the last decades. Simulations with constant sea ice drag coefficients as used in most climate models show an increase in annual mean ocean surface stress (0.003 N/m2 per decade, 4.6%) due to the reduction of ice thickness leading to a weakening of the ice and accelerated ice drift. In contrast, with variable drag coefficients our simulations show annual mean ocean surface stress is declining at a rate of −0.002 N/m2 per decade (3.1%) over the period 1980–2013 because of a significant reduction in surface roughness associated with an increasingly thinner and younger sea ice cover. The effectiveness of sea ice in transferring momentum does not only depend on its resistive strength against the wind forcing but is also set by its top and bottom surface roughness varying with ice types and ice conditions. This reveals the need to account for sea ice surface roughness variations in climate simulations in order to correctly represent the implications of sea ice loss under global warming.
Mapping surface tidal currents and Changjiang plume in the East China Sea from Geostationary Ocean Color Imager
Authors: Hu Zifeng , Wang Dong‐Ping , Pan Delu , He Xianqiang , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Bai Yan , Wang Difeng , Gong Fang
Published: February 2016

The spatial pattern of the semidiurnal M2 tidal currents in the East China Sea (ECS) is mapped from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), taking advantage of the satellite's unique 8 hourly local daytime sequential images. The GOCI‐derived surface M2 tidal currents are validated with a comprehensive set of twenty‐eight surface drifters and four mooring observations. The agreement is outstanding with the error variance less than 10% of the total variance. The gridded GOCI‐derived tidal currents are also in good agreement with the Oregon State University (OSU) high‐resolution regional tidal model of the China Seas. The detided mean flow shows a strong Changjiang plume extending hundreds of kilometers offshore, in agreement with the concurrent satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) distributions. The observed surface currents are compared with the daily mean flows derived from the Japan Coastal Ocean Predictability Experiment (JCOPE2). The model results are consistent with the observations, showing the sensitivity of Changjiang plume to wind forcing. The study clearly demonstrates the utility of geostationary satellite in mapping the surface currents over a wide (∼400 km), tidally dominated continental shelf.
Decadal reanalysis of biogeochemical indicators and fluxes in the North West European shelf‐sea ecosystem
Authors: Ciavatta S. , Kay S. , Saux‐Picart S. , Butenschön M. , Allen J. I.
Published: February 2016

This paper presents the first decadal reanalysis simulation of the biogeochemistry of the North West European shelf, along with a full evaluation of its skill, confidence, and value. An error‐characterized satellite product for chlorophyll was assimilated into a physical‐biogeochemical model of the North East Atlantic, applying a localized Ensemble Kalman filter. The results showed that the reanalysis improved the model simulation of assimilated chlorophyll in 60% of the study region. Model validation metrics showed that the reanalysis had skill in matching a large data set of in situ observations for 10 ecosystem variables. Spearman rank correlations were significant and higher than 0.7 for physical‐chemical variables (temperature, salinity, and oxygen), ∼0.6 for chlorophyll and nutrients (phosphate, nitrate, and silicate), and significant, though lower in value, for partial pressure of dissolved carbon dioxide (∼0.4). The reanalysis captured the magnitude of pH and ammonia observations, but not their variability. The value of the reanalysis for assessing environmental status and variability has been exemplified in two case studies. The first shows that between 325,000 and 365,000 km2 of shelf bottom waters were vulnerable to oxygen deficiency potentially threatening bottom fishes and benthos. The second application confirmed that the shelf is a net sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide, but the total amount of uptake varies between 36 and 46 Tg C yr−1 at a 90% confidence level. These results indicate that the reanalysis output data set can inform the management of the North West European shelf ecosystem, in relation to eutrophication, fishery, and variability of the carbon cycle.
An evaluation of the variable‐resolution CESM for modeling California's climate
Authors: Huang Xingying , Rhoades Alan M. , Ullrich Paul A. , Zarzycki Colin M.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, the recently developed variable‐resolution option within the Community Earth System Model (VR‐CESM) is assessed for long‐term regional climate modeling of California at 0.25° (∼28 km) and 0.125° (∼14 km) horizontal resolutions. The mean climatology of near‐surface temperature and precipitation is analyzed and contrasted with reanalysis, gridded observational data sets, and a traditional regional climate model (RCM)—the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Statistical metrics for model evaluation and tests for differential significance have been extensively applied. With only prescribed sea surface temperatures, VR‐CESM tended to produce a warmer summer (by about 1–3°C) and overestimated overall winter precipitation (about 25%–35%) compared to reference data sets. Increasing resolution from 0.25° to 0.125° did not produce a statistically significant improvement in the model results. By comparison, the analogous WRF climatology (constrained laterally and at the sea surface by ERA‐Interim reanalysis) was ∼1–3°C colder than the reference data sets, underestimated precipitation by ∼20%–30% at 27 km resolution, and overestimated precipitation by ∼65–85% at 9 km. Overall, VR‐CESM produced comparable statistical biases to WRF in key climatological quantities. This assessment highlights the value of variable‐resolution global climate models (VRGCMs) in capturing fine‐scale atmospheric processes, projecting future regional climate, and addressing the computational expense of uniform‐resolution global climate models.
Aquifer imaging with pressure waves—Evaluation of low‐impact characterization through sandbox experiments
Authors: Zhou YaoQuan , Lim David , Cupola Fausto , Cardiff Michael
Published: February 2016

Understanding the detailed spatial variation of hydraulic properties in the subsurface has been the subject of intensive research over the past three decades. A recently developed approach to characterize subsurface properties is hydraulic tomography, in which a series of pumping tests are jointly inverted using a heterogeneous numerical model. Recently, Cardiff et al. (2013) proposed a modified tomography approach named Oscillatory Hydraulic Tomography (OHT), in which periodic pumping signals of different frequencies serve as the aquifer stimulation, and pressure responses are recorded at observation locations for tomographic analysis. Its key advantages over traditional hydraulic tomography are that: (1) there is no net injection or extraction of water, and (2) the impulse (an oscillatory signal of known frequency) is easily extracted from noisy data. However, OHT has only been evaluated through numerical experiments to date. In this work, we evaluate OHT performance by attempting to image known heterogeneities in a synthetic aquifer. An instrumented laboratory sandbox is filled with material of known hydraulic properties, and we measure aquifer responses due to oscillatory pumping stimulations at periods of 2, 5, 10, and 20 s. Pressure oscillation time series are processed through Fourier Transforms and inverted tomographically to obtain estimates of aquifer heterogeneity, using a fast, steady‐periodic groundwater flow model. We show that OHT is able to provide robust estimates of aquifer hydraulic conductivity even in cases where relatively few pumping tests and observation locations are available. The use of multiple stimulation frequencies is also shown to improve imaging results.
Assessment of Psychopathology in Young Children
Authors: Briggs‐Gowan Margaret J. , Godoy Leandra , Heberle Amy , Carter Alice S.
Published: February 2016

There has been tremendous change in young children's mental health over the past 20 years. Early childhood (0–5 years) is now recognized as a crucial period for the development of self‐regulation, a critical set of competencies that have implications for adaptive functioning in school and through the life span. As the field presses forward to address the mental health needs of young children, success will be optimized by a well‐informed assessment approach. This chapter reviews important issues for consideration when planning assessments with young children: (1)
contextual factors
, including the caregiving environments (e.g., home, child care, early education environments), caregiver influences on social‐emotional functioning and assessment, recent changes in family structure or contextual stressors, and sociocultural factors; (2) children's
functioning in other developmental domains
, including language, cognition, adaptive functioning, health, and sensory; (3) the
goals and purposes of the assessment and evaluation setting
; (4)
psychometric issues
, including reliability, validity, developmental sensitivity, and cultural validity; and (5)
interpretation of the whole child
in relation to contextual and developmental factors and evaluation of impairment. A primary goal is to help clinicians and researchers determine the most suitable measures from a wide array of parent and other caregiver reports and observational and direct assessment measures. A variety of assessments that have demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity in young children, including screening instruments, comprehensive dimensional assessments, and psychiatric diagnostic interviews, are reviewed. Finally, ongoing challenges, future directions, and exciting opportunities in research and clinical applications in early childhood assessment are discussed.
Developmental Issues in Assessment, Taxonomy, and Diagnosis of Psychopathology: Life Span and Multicultural Perspectives
Authors: Achenbach Thomas M. , Rescorla Leslie A.
Published: February 2016

This chapter argues for applying developmental research on psychopathology to adults as well as to children. It also argues for using standardized, multisource assessment data from diverse populations to construct and norm empirically based taxonomies of psychopathology. Findings for hundreds of thousands of individuals from over fifty societies are reviewed in support of multicultural empirically based assessment and taxonomy of child and adult psychopathology. Methods and findings for developmental research on psychopathology are reviewed and evaluated, including multiple longitudinal studies of large representative population samples assessed with similar instruments for operationally defining phenotypes of psychopathology. Quantitative aids to advancing the developmental study, understanding, and diagnosis of psychopathology are presented. Directions for continued research are outlined, including family‐based assessment and interventions, quantification of diagnoses, and multicultural norms for evaluating the effects of interventions.
Developmental Epidemiology
Authors: Costello E. Jane , Angold Adrian
Published: February 2016

Introducing epidemiology as the study of health and illness in human populations, we discuss what questions modern epidemiology addresses, the key methods it uses, and how these methods can be applied to developmental psychopathology. A short history of how child psychiatric epidemiology has grown into developmental epidemiology illustrates society's changing concerns about child mental health. We describe some of the ways in which developmental epidemiology is branching out into related areas: life course and intergenerational epidemiology; global epidemiology; genetic epidemiology; the study of burden of disease, including cost‐benefit analysis; and the use of epidemiologic designs to test hypotheses about causation. Finally, we note that developmental epidemiology extends the range of translational epidemiology. We make the case that (1) the goal of epidemiological research is disease prevention; (2) understanding the development of a disease and intervening to prevent and control it are equally important aspects of epidemiological research; (3) understanding the development of a disease may point to different kinds of intervention at different stages in the developmental process; and (4) understanding individual development is a critical part of understanding and intervening in the disease process because both risk for and expression of disorder change over the life course.
Emotion and the Development of Psychopathology
Authors: Cole Pamela M.
Published: February 2016

This chapter considers the role of emotion in the development of psychopathology through the lens of the functional perspective on emotional development. First, a brief historical perspective on conceptualizations of the nature of emotion is offered, followed by a discussion of the view of emotion from the functional perspective. After summarizing prevailing views on the relation between emotional functioning and psychopathology, the chapter draws from the developmental psychopathology perspective, focusing on the typical development of emotional competence as a counterpoint to the development of psychopathology. Emotional competence is defined from the functional perspective, including its three main components: emotion expression, emotion understanding, and emotion regulation. Then the typical development of each of these components is described as well as the risks for psychopathology that are associated with each component. Conclusions about the central role of emotion in the development of competence and psychopathology are summarized with particular attention to what a functional perspective offers for future directions for research on this topic. Finally, translational implications of this perspective for clinical assessment and intervention are discussed.
Autonomy and Autonomy Disturbances in Self‐Development and Psychopathology: Research on Motivation, Attachment, and Clinical Process
Authors: Ryan Richard M. , Deci Edward L. , Vansteenkiste Maarten
Published: February 2016

Self‐determination theory (SDT) maintains that the adequate support and satisfaction of individuals' psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness promotes the gradual unfolding of individuals' integrative tendencies, as manifested through intrinsic motivation, internalization, identity development, and integrative emotion regulation. At the same time, the thwarting of these same psychological needs and the resultant need frustration is presumed to evoke or amplify a variety of psychopathologies, many of which involve autonomy disturbances. We begin by defining what autonomy involves and how socializing agents, particularly parents, can provide a nurturing (i.e., need‐supportive) environment, and we review research within the SDT literature that has shed light on various integrative tendencies and how caregivers facilitate them. In the second part of this chapter, we detail how many forms of psychopathology involve autonomy disturbances and are associated with a history of psychological need thwarting. We especially focus on internally controlling regulation in internalizing disorders; impairments of internalization in conduct disorders and antisocial behavior; and fragmented self‐functioning in borderline and dissociative disorders. The role of autonomy support as an ameliorative factor in treatment settings is then discussed among other translational issues. Finally we highlight some implications of recognizing the important role of basic psychological needs for both growth‐related and pathology‐related processes.