bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stroke, spinal cord ischemia and upper limb ischemia in patients undergoing TEVAR with coverage of the left subclavian artery: a case series study
Authors: Rizk Mohamed Abd El-Monem Abd El-Salam , Ismail Mohamed Ismail Mohamed , Gohar Kareem Sabry
Published: November 2021

Background

We performed routine spinal fluid drainage for patients who underwent TEVAR for thoracic aortic pathology together with left subclavian artery coverage, which was needed for achievement of a safe proximal sealing zone. We assessed the occurrence of spinal cord ischemia as well the rate of occurrence of other complications such as stroke, and upper limb ischemia.

Results

This was a case series study done between July 2014 and April 2020, in them all the left subclavian artery was covered to ensure a proximal safe seal zone. Routine spinal fluid drainage was done, keeping the spinal fluid pressure < 10–15 mmHg with catheter in place for 48 h. Data was obtained from twenty-three patients who underwent TEVAR for thoracic aortic dissection (73.91%), thoracic aortic aneurysm (21.74%), or ulcer (4.35%). Planning was based upon multi-slice computed tomographic angiography and covering the left subclavian was mandatory to achieve a proximal sealing zone. Technical success was achieved in 100% of cases. 4.35% of patients had three endograft, 56.52% had two endografts, 39.13% had one endograft. All patients lost their radial pulsations immediately after implantation, 8.70% developed post implantation syndrome(fever) that was managed conservatively, 4.35% developed stroke related to the anterior circulation, 4.35% developed signs of spinal cord ischemia. During the follow up, one patient died within 6 h after the procedure due to extensive myocardial infarction (patient was scheduled for CABG after our procedure). 17.40% developed upper limb symptoms that were tolerable and were managed conservatively.

Conclusion

By adopting routine spinal cord drainage and pressure monitoring, we can consider not to revascularize the left subclavian artery prior to TEVAR if it will be covered.
FDG-PET/CT in predicting aggressiveness of rectal cancer
Authors: Ahmed Iman Sherif , El Gaafary Saher Mohamed , Elia Remon Zaher , Hussein Rasha S.
Published: November 2021

Background

Treatment response varies significantly among rectal cancer patients. Tumor can show complete regression, stationary appearance, or even tumour progression during the treatment. It is also widely known that the rate of local recurrence is variable. Precise risk stratification of tumor aggressiveness is required for better per patient tailored treatment plan and predicting the overall prognosis of rectal cancer patients The aim of this study was to assess different parameters of baseline [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography [(18F) FDG-PET/CT] as a non-invasive tool in predicting aggressiveness of the rectal cancer.

Results

Overall, 33 patients were included [19 moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 10 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and 4 mucinous adenocarcinomas (MAC)]. SUV estimates (SUV max, SUV mean) were greater in the moderately adenocarcinoma group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.019, respectively). MTV and TLG values were similar between the three histopathological groups (p = 0.763 and p = 0.701, respectively). There was no correlation between SUVmax of primary tumor and MTV (r = 0.034; p = 0.849). However, SUVmax and TLG were significantly correlated (r = 0.517; p = 0.002). Strong correlation between tumor size and MTV (r = 0.489; p = 0.003), and TLG (r = 0.506; p = 0.003) were observed. No significant association was found between MTV and TLG and the clinical stage of rectal cancer.

Conclusion

Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters cannot be used alone as a non-invasive diagnostic technique in assessing aggressiveness and prognosis in patients with primary rectal cancer, and further clinical studies are needed before considering the prognostic role of FDG-PET/CT in rectal cancer.
Diagnostic accuracy of internal jugular vein ultrasound in quantification of the central venous pressure for hemodialysis patients
Authors: Baz Ahmed Abd Alrahman , Ibrahim Amro Abdulrahim , El-Fishawy Hussein Saeed , Al-Bohy Abo El-Magd Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Background

Assessment of the central venous pressure (CVP) is an essential hemodynamic parameter for monitoring the dialyzing patients. Our objective of the present study is to investigate the accuracy of CVP measurement by internal jugular vein US in comparison to the direct measurement by the central venous catheters for hemodialysis patients. We included 106 patients; where their CVP was assessed in two different non invasive US methods (CVPni) separately and in combination and the obtained measurements were correlated to the invasive measurements (CVPi) by catheters.

Results

By method 1, there is a highly significant positive correlation between CVPni and CVPi (ρ < 0.001) and a Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.913 n = 93), and by method 2, there is also a highly significant positive correlation between the CVPni and CVPi in both groups (r = 0.832, 95%, n = 106, p < 0.001), 1.935 was the cut-off point for prediction of CVP ≥ 10cmH20. For differentiation between patients with CVP < 10cmH20 and ≥ 10cmH20, the accuracy measures (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy) were 100%, 79.31%, 74.47%, 100%, and 87.10% by method 1, and were 91.11%, 85.48%, 82.00%, 92.98%, and 87.85% by method 2, while the combination of both methods had gained 88.57%, 89.66%, 83.78%, 92.86%, and 89.25%, respectively.

Conclusion

The US offered a reliable and non-invasive tool for monitoring CVP. The present study has a novelty of combining more than one US method and this had reported higher accuracy measures and outperformed the use of a single method.
Natural variant frequencies across domains from different sarcomere proteins cross-correlate to identify inter-protein contacts associated with cardiac muscle function and disease
Authors: Burghardt Thomas P.
Published: November 2021

Coordinated sarcomere proteins produce contraction force for muscle shortening. In human ventriculum they include the cardiac myosin motor (βmys), repetitively converting ATP free energy into work, and myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) that in complex with βmys is regulatory. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) causing hereditary heart diseases frequently target this protein pair. The βmys/MYBPC3 complex models a regulated motor and is used here to study how the proteins couple. SNVs in βmys or MYBPC3 survey human populations worldwide. Their protein expression modifies domain structure affecting phenotype and pathogenicity outcomes. When the SNV modified domain locates to inter-protein contacts it could affect complex coordination. Domains involved, one in βmys the other in MYBPC3, form coordinated domains (co-domains). Co-domain bilateral structure implies the possibility for a shared impact from SNV modification in either domain suggesting a correlated response to a common perturbation could identify their location. Genetic divergence over human populations is proposed to perturb SNV probability coupling that is detected by cross-correlation in 2D correlation genetics (2D-CG). SNV probability data and 2D-CG identify three critical sites, two in MYBPC3 with links to several domains across the βmys motor, and, one in βmys with links to the MYBPC3 regulatory domain. MYBPC3 sites are hinges sterically enabling regulatory interactions with βmys. The βmys site is the actin binding C-loop (residues 359-377). The C-loop is a trigger for actin-activated myosin ATPase and a contraction velocity modulator. Co-domain identification implies their spatial proximity suggesting a novel approach for in vivo protein complex structure determination.
Enabling quality of urban spaces in Cairo’s new suburban settlements: a community character approach for New Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Murshed Sally M. , Ouf Ahmed M. , Zafarany Abbas F.
Published: November 2021

A global concern claims that activities and functions that once filled traditional public spaces are privatized being less and less oriented to the public. In Cairo’s new settlements, public spaces don’t seem to contribute to its public life. Each community’s most valuable assets are the ones they already have; thus, urbanisms advocate the role of retaining traditional street patterns, vistas, and landscape of a community’s distinct character. The research aim is to identify design attributes to be added to the literature in terms of designing public spaces for the specific cultural context of Cairo, Egypt, and its new suburban settlements. The methodology then follows a comparative analysis study to reach the desired objectives of buildings a community character approach. In an exploratory method, two case studies of public spaces in Cairo are chosen following a purposive selection most relevant to the study. The target is to choose two cases in proximity for users to be familiar with the two of them and enable a reliable comparison. It then conducts a survey that involves the user’s evaluation of their public spaces in correlation to their needs. Jan Gehl’s twelve criteria are adopted by this paper’s field investigation for the assessment of public spaces’ quality. Findings of the study include an elaboration on Jan Gehl’s twelve criteria either by highlighting the importance of existing aspects or the addition of further criteria that showed value to public space quality and their users. The findings provide guidelines that help in designing quality public spaces in Cairo’s new settlements. The added value from this study is in identifying a set of factors or attributes that consider users’ needs for a given cultural context.
Review of sheep and goat pox disease: current updates on epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control measures in Ethiopia
Authors: Zewdie Girma , Derese Getaw , Getachew Belayneh , Belay Hassen , Akalu Mirtneh
Published: November 2021

Sheep pox, goat pox, and lumpy skin diseases are economically significant and contagious viral diseases of sheep, goats and cattle, respectively, caused by the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) of the family Poxviridae. Currently, CaPV infection of small ruminants (sheep and goats) has been distributed widely and are prevalent in Central Africa, the Middle East, Europe and Asia. This disease poses challenges to food production and distribution, affecting rural livelihoods in most African countries, including Ethiopia. Transmission occurs mainly by direct or indirect contact with infected animals. They cause high morbidity (75-100% in endemic areas) and mortality (10-85%). Additionally, the mortality rate can approach 100% in susceptible animals. Diagnosis largely relies on clinical symptoms, confirmed by laboratory testing using real-time PCR, electron microscopy, virus isolation, serology and histology. Control and eradication of sheep pox virus (SPPV), goat pox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease (LSDV) depend on timely recognition of disease eruption, vector control, and movement restriction. To date, attenuated vaccines originating from KSGPV O-180 strains are effective and widely used in Ethiopia to control CaPV throughout the country. This vaccine strain is clinically safe to control CaPV in small ruminants but not in cattle which may be associated with insufficient vaccination coverage and the production of low-quality vaccines.
Birth Spacing and Fertility in the Presence of Son Preference and Sex-Selective Abortions: India's Experience Over Four Decades
Authors: Pörtner Claus C.
Published: November 2021

Since the advent of prenatal sex-determination technologies in the mid-1980s, India has experienced an increasingly male-biased sex ratio at birth, presumably from sex-selective abortions. Abortions lengthen birth intervals, but we know little about how birth spacing has changed or the effects of these changes. I show that, although the overall length of birth intervals increased from 1970 to the mid-2010s, well-educated women with no sons had the most substantial lengthening, as well as the most male-biased sex ratios. Furthermore, most of these changes took place immediately after the introduction of prenatal sex-determination technologies. Consequently, some women without sons now have longer birth intervals than those with sons, reversing India's traditional spacing pattern. Women with low education continue short birth spacing when they have no sons, with only limited evidence of male-biased sex ratios. Because of the rapid lengthening of birth intervals, period fertility rates substantially overestimated how fast cohort fertility fell. Moreover, predicted cohort fertility is still 10%–20% above the period fertility rate. If the lengthening of birth intervals arises from repeated abortions, the associated short pregnancy spacing may counteract any positive effects of longer birth spacing. There is, however, no evidence of this effect on infant mortality. Judging from sex ratios, sex-selective abortion use is not declining.
Structural Heteropatriarchy and Birth Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Everett Bethany G. , Limburg Aubrey , Homan Patricia , Philbin Morgan M.
Published: November 2021

Emerging evidence links structural sexism and structural discrimination against lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations to poor health outcomes, but studies have yet to examine the combined effects of these mutually reinforcing systems of inequality. Therefore, we developed a composite measure of structural heteropatriarchy—which includes state-level LGB policies, family planning policies, and indicators of structural sexism (e.g., women's political and economic position relative to men)—and examined its relationship to birth outcomes using data from Waves I to V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that higher levels of heteropatriarchy were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and decreased birth weight, net of important covariates. There was no association between clinical low birth weight and heteropatriarchy, or interactions between heteropatriarchy and individuals' race, ethnicity or sexual identity, suggesting a negative effect of heteropatriarchy on birth outcomes for all pregnant people. This study demonstrates the importance of considering gender and sexuality as mutually reinforcing systems of oppression that impact population health. Future research should examine the impact of heteropatriarchy on additional health outcomes and in conjunction with other structural inequalities such as racism and transgender oppression.
Palmitoylated small GTPase ARL15 is translocated within Golgi network during adipogenesis
Authors: Wu Yixing , Bai Ying , McEwan David G. , Bentley Liz , Aravani Dimitra , Cox Roger D.
Published: November 2021

The small GTPase ARF family member ARL15 gene locus is associated in population studies with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, lower adiponectin and higher fasting insulin levels. Previously, loss of ARL15 was shown to reduce insulin secretion in a human β-cell line and loss-of-function mutations are found in some lipodystrophy patients. We set out to understand the role of ARL15 in adipogenesis and showed that endogenous ARL15 palmitoylated and localised in the Golgi of mouse liver. Adipocyte overexpression of palmitoylation-deficient ARL15 resulted in redistribution to the cytoplasm and a mild reduction in expression of some adipogenesis-related genes. Further investigation of the localisation of ARL15 during differentiation of a human white adipocyte cell line showed that ARL15 was predominantly co-localised with a marker of the cis face of Golgi at the preadipocyte stage and then translocated to other Golgi compartments after differentiation was induced. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry identified potential interacting partners of ARL15, including the ER-localised protein ARL6IP5. Together, these results suggest a palmitoylation dependent trafficking-related role of ARL15 as a regulator of adipocyte differentiation via ARL6IP5 interaction.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Promoted by Co/N/C Catalysts with Co–Nx Active Sites Derived from Precursors Forming N-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Matsumoto Koki , Onoda Akira , Campidell Stéphane , Hayashi Takashi
Published: November 2021

Cobalt and nitrogen co-doped carbon (Co/N/C) catalysts prepared by pyrolysis are promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Construction of Co–Nx active sites is an important strategy for improving HER activity. We developed a method for thermally controlled construction of the Co–Nx active sites by applying a bottom-up synthetic methodology using an N-doped graphene nanoribbon (N-GNR). Preorganized aromatic rings in the precursors assist graphitization during generation of N-GNR which has N2 sites that coordinate to a cobalt ion. Atomically dispersed Co–Nx sites in the catalysts are observed by electron microscopy. Moreover, the amount of Co–Nx sites increases up to 0.31 wt% as confirmed by XPS and elemental analysis. The Co/N/C catalyst prepared from the precisely designed precursor forming an N-GNR shows HER activity with a low overpotential of 258 mV (in 1.0 M HClO4aq) and 311 mV (in 0.1 M HClO4aq) at 10 mA·cm−2, and with a long-term stability.
Better survival of patients with oligo- compared with polymetastatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 173 studies
Authors: Petrelli Fausto , Ghidini Antonio , Ghidini Michele , Bukovec Roberta , Trevisan Francesca , Turati Luca , Indini Alice , Seghezzi Silvia , Lonati Veronica , Moleri Giovanna , Tomasello Gianluca , Zaniboni Alberto
Published: November 2021

Background: The modern concept of oligometastatic (OM) state has been initially developed to describe patients with a low burden of disease and with a potential for cure with local ablative treatments. We systematically assessed the risk of death and relapse of oligometastatic (OM) cancers compared to cancers with more diffuse metastatic spread, through a meta-analysis of published data. 

Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting prognosis of patients with OM solid tumors. Risk of death and relapse were extracted and pooled to provide an adjusted hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval (HR 95%CI).  The primary outcome of the study refers to overall mortality in OM vs. polymetastatic (PM) patients. 

Results. Mortality and relapse associated with OM state in patients with cancer were evaluated among 104,234 participants (n=173 studies). Progression-free survival was better in patients with OM disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62, 95% CI 0.57–0.68; P <.001; n=69 studies). Also, OM cancers were associated with a better overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.62-0.68; P<.01; n=161 studies). In colorectal (CRC), breast, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) the reduction in the risk of death for OM patients were 35, 38, 30 and 42%, respectively. Biliary tract and cervical cancer do not significantly better in OM stage likely for paucity of data.

Conclusions. Patients with OM cancers have a significantly better prognosis than those with more widespread stage IV tumors. In OM cancer patients a personalized approach should be pursued.
Molecular Epidemiological Surveillance of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from the patients of a teaching hospital in Sindh, Pakistan.
Authors: Muzaheed Muzaheed , Sattar Shaikh Naveed , Sattar Shaikh Saeed , Acharya Sadananda , Sarwar Moosa Shajiya , Habeeb Shaikh Mohammad , M. Alzahrani Faisal , Ibrahim Alomar Amer
Published: November 2021

Background 

The presence of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase positive bacteria in hospital setting is an aggravating influential factor for hospitalized patients, and its consequences may be hazardous. Therefore, there is a need for rapid detection methods for newly emerging drug-resistant bacteria. This study was aimed at the molecular characterization of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase -positive  Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered from the patients of a teaching hospital in Sindh, Pakistan.  

Methods 

A total of 513  K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from various clinical samples during June 2019 to May 2020. The collected isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility (antibiogram), and PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to analyse the ESBL genes.  

Results 

Among the 513 isolates, as many as 359 (69.9%) were Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers and 87.5% were multi-drug resistant, while none had resistance to imipenem. PCR scored 3% blaTEM, 3% blaSHV, and 60% blaCTX-M-15 genes for the tested isolates.  

Conclusion 

The study showed that CTX-M-15 was the major prevalent Extended-spectrum β-lactamase type among the isolates. Additionally, all the isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. Screening and detection of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase tests are necessary among all isolates from the enterobacteriaceae family in routine microbiology laboratory to prevent associated nosocomial infections. A larger study is essential to understand molecular epidemiology of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing organisms to minimize morbidities due to these multidrug resistant organisms.
Oligodendrocytes, BK channels and the preservation of myelin
Authors: Rupnik Maddalena , Baker David , Selwood David L.
Published: November 2021

Oligodendrocytes wrap multiple lamellae of their membrane, myelin, around axons of the central nervous system (CNS), to improve impulse conduction. Myelin synthesis is specialised and dynamic, responsive to local neuronal excitation. Subtle pathological insults are sufficient to cause significant neuronal metabolic impairment, so myelin preservation is necessary to safeguard neural networks. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent demyelinating disease of the CNS. In MS, inflammatory attacks against myelin, proposed to be autoimmune, cause myelin decay and oligodendrocyte loss, leaving neurons vulnerable. Current therapies target the prominent neuroinflammation but are mostly ineffective in protecting from neurodegeneration and the progressive neurological disability. People with MS have substantially higher levels of extracellular glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter. This impairs cellular homeostasis to cause excitotoxic stress. Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK channels) could preserve myelin or allow its recovery by protecting cells from the resulting excessive excitability. This review evaluates the role of excitotoxic stress, myelination and BK channels in MS pathology, and explores the hypothesis that BK channel activation could be a therapeutic strategy to protect oligodendrocytes from excitotoxic stress in MS. This could reduce progression of neurological disability if used in parallel to immunomodulatory therapies.
A Randomized Control Trial to Test Effect of Cash Incentives and Training on Active Casefinding for Tuberculosis among Community Health Workers in Nigeria
Authors: Akwaowo Christie , Umoh Victor , Umoh Idongesit , Usoroh Eno , Motilewa Olugbemi , Ekpin Victory , Adeboye Stella , Antia Etop
Published: November 2021

Background: Case detection for Tuberculosis remains low in high burden communities. Community Health Workers (CHWs) are the first point of contact for many Nigerians in the rural areas and have been found useful in active case finding. This study assessed the effect of cash incentives and training on tuberculosis case detection by CHWs in six Local Government Areas in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: A randomised control trial was conducted in three PHC clusters. The intervention Arm (A) received cash incentives for every presumptive case referred. The Training Arm(B) had no cash incentives and the control had neither training nor cash incentives. Case notification rates from the TB program were used to assess the effect of cash incentives on TB case finding. Data was analyzed using Graph Pad Prism. Descriptive data was presented in tables and bivariate data was analyzed using chi square. Mean increases in case notification rates was calculated Statistical significance was set as P=0.05.

Results: The intervention identified 394 presumptive TB cases, contributing 30.3% of all presumptive cases notified in the LGAs. Findings also showed an increase of 14.4% (ꭓ2=2.976, P value=0.2258) in case notification rates for the Arm A that received cash incentives alongside training, there was also an increase of 7.4% (ꭓ2= 1.999, P value=0.1575) in Arm B that received Training only. Secondary outcomes indicated a 144.8%(ꭓ2= 4.147, P value=0.1258)  increase in community outreaches conducted in the Arm that were given cash incentives.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated an increase in TB control activities of case notification and outreaches among community health workers that received cash incentives and training.  These findings support the use training and cash incentives for CHWs in high burden TB settings to improve TB case detection rates.
An examination of determinants for e-wallet adoption in Malaysia: a combined approach
Authors: Siew Bee Thai , Yan Ying Kuwa
Published: November 2021

Background: In this era of innovation in information technology, everything is embedded with technology, and the financial sector is no exception. The term “FinTech” (Financial Services Technology Consortium) attracted the attention of regulators, consumers and investors in 2014. It was initially applied to the back-end systems of financial and banking institutions. However, Fintech has now become more consumer-oriented, as the combination of financial services and information technology. Specifically, it refers to financial services for consumers through technology. The e-wallet is one of the examples of FinTech in payments and infrastructure that can be freely adopted by everyone. However, the penetration of e-wallet usage in Malaysia is still in its early stages compared to other countries.

Methods: The aim of this research is to examine the factors that affect the adoption of e-wallets in Malaysia based on five aspects: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, social influence and government support. These variables were adopted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Questionnaires were given to a targeted group of 100 e-wallet users in Malaysia using the convenient sampling method. The contribution of each factor in explaining the adoption of e-wallets was analyzed using multiple regression.

Results: The results show that social influence has a significant relationship with the adoption of e-wallets in Malaysia: the majority of the respondents are at their prime age and their behaviours tend to be influenced by the reference group. The results from this study may encourage more small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia to provide e-wallet payment options, transforming their conventional business into a digital business and spurring the growth of the  digital economy in Malaysia.

Conclusions: High levels of adoption of e-wallets moves a country towards a cashless society, resulting in better economic growth and environment.
Ocean Lagrangian Trajectories (OLTraj): Lagrangian analysis for non-expert users
Authors: Dall'Olmo Giorgio , Nencioli Francesco , Jackson Thomas , Brewin Robert J. W. , Gittings John A. , Raitsos Dionysios E.
Published: November 2021

Lagrangian analysis is becoming increasingly important to better understand the ocean's biological and biogeochemical cycles. Yet, biologists and chemists often lack the technical skills required to set up such analyses. Here, we present a new product of pre-computed ocean Lagrangian trajectories (OLTraj) targeting non-expert users, and demonstrate how to use it by means of worked examples. OLTraj is based on satellite-derived geostrophic currents, which allows one to directly compare it with other in-situ or satellite products. We anticipate that OLTraj will foster a new interest in Lagrangian applications in ocean biology and biogeochemistry.
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ВОСТРЕБОВАННОСТИ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ СФЕРЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ НА РЫНКЕ ТРУДА В РОССИИ
Authors: Volkodaeva Arina V. , Balanovskaya Anna V. , Chulkov Alexander V.
Published: November 2021

В последние несколько лет существенно изменились тенденции на рынке труда в отношении специалистов, работающих в сфере информационных технологий. С одной стороны это связано с глобальной и интенсивной цифровизацией, с другой стороны – отставанием образовательной системы в подготовки таких специалистов. Наиболее востребованными сегодня являются профессии разработчиков на языках программирования (Java, C#, PHP, Kotlin, Python), специалистов, связанных с аналитикой данных, продуктовых аналитиков, бизнес-аналитиков, аналитиков CRM, специалистов службы поддержки, системных администраторов и др. В России принимаются меры по изменению ситуации на рынке труда на основе разработки и реализации национальных программ (например, национальной программы «Цифровая экономика»). Кроме того, реагирует частный сектор системы образования, предлагающий подготовку востребованных специалистов по ускоренным программам. На уровне государства разработан план подготовки специалистов IT-сферы до 2025 года, основанный на ежегодном увеличении бюджетных мест в образовательных организациях высшего и среднего профессионального образования.

Цель – выявление тенденций востребованности специалистов сферы информационных технологий на рынке труда и определение дефицитных специальностей.

Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались методы анализа и синтеза статистической информации, методы сравнения и обобщения.

Результаты: в ближайшие несколько лет сохранится тенденция роста востребованности IT-специалистов на рынке труда.

Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять социально-экономическими системам, осуществляющим мониторинг на рынке труда и в системе образования.
DIGITALISATION AS A FACTOR TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS
Authors: Zaripova Rimma S. , Rocheva Olga A. , Khamidullina Fania R. , Arbuzova Maria V.
Published: November 2021

With the development of a digital economy, logistics is an integral and important part, so innovations in this area will help to increase entrepreneurial income and facilitate the storage and transportation of goods. The issues of implementing and financing logistics innovation are quite relevant and extensive. The development of the digital economy is forcing transport and logistics companies to digitise many of their business processes. All current logistics trends are related to the introduction and intensive development of digital technologies, which contribute to meeting the fast-growing needs of consumers. Today’s digitalisation is transforming the supply chain and companies with traditional logistics management approaches and technologies can no longer remain competitive.

Purpose: examine and analyse the process of introducing innovative technologies in logistics and supply chain management.

Methodology. The paper used economic-mathematical methods, system approach and generalization; analytical and statistical methods of analysis.

Results. The article analyzes the application of innovative technologies in logistics and supply chain management; examines examples of the use of innovation and information and communication technologies by transport and logistics enterprises in their activities; proves that the introduction of innovation and information and communication technologies in logistics and freight transport is beneficial for improving workflow efficiency, data storage, reducing the duration of the logistics cycle, goods delivery management, reducing errors

Practical implications: the obtained results are appropriate to be applied by economic entities involved in logistics and supply chain management activities.
EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PERSONNEL MOTIVATION SYSTEM AS A FACTOR TO ENSURE THE QUALITY OF OPERATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RAILWAY TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
Authors: Serikova Olesya Yu. , Martyshev Artyom V. , Yakimova Lyubov D.
Published: November 2021

Employees motivated for high-quality work are very valuable for any company. This article is focused on evaluating the effectiveness of personnel motivation in railway locomotive operating depots. It reviews different approaches of Russian and foreign authors to the concept of “personnel motivation”. The authors offered economic and social analysis of the current personnel motivation system of the locomotive depot, which is a part of the Russian Railways holding company. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the personnel motivation system, the authors have chosen the methodology of researching the degree of the organization’s main economic and social objectives achievement. As a result, the authors identified problems in the personnel motivation system related to the conditions of labor organization: the low level of staff awareness of motivational programs, as well as the lack of a system for evaluating staff motivation. The third problem related to the socio-psychological labor conditions was the low level of staff loyalty and lack of involvement in labor and social activities within the organization. The authors proposed corrective measures to solve the above mentioned problems: using the digital platform “Scored” and HR Code service, which is based on artificial intelligence. The expected results of the implementation of these measures are:
- increased productivity due to higher interest in the work of employees;
- increased labor activity of the staff;
- increased personnel financial interest in the development of their competencies;
- increased staff motivation level;
- maintaining the numeric and qualitative staff structure;
- improving the effectiveness of the management strategy.
The experience of personnel motivation system assessment may be useful in the regional divisions of the locomotive facilities of Russian Railways.
STUDY OF THE MOVEMENT INTENSITY OF URBAN PASSENGER TRANSPORT THROUGH BUS STOP POINTS
Authors: Averyanov Yuri I. , Asfur Hasanain M. , Golenyaev Nikolay S.
Published: November 2021

Due to the wide variety of urban passenger transport; the terms, types and capacity of buses are the main parameters that will be denoted in this study, the question here arises as to whether this diversity affects the throughput of bus stop point capacity. The studies of the traffic intensity of urban passenger transport, at fifteen stopping points, made it possible to give an idea of:
The number of fixed-path minibus changes over time and not obeying the movement regularity with other types of urban passenger transport. Where that indicates the influence of an economic factor associated only to make a profit. The intensity of urban passenger transport through the bus stopping point shows the dominance of route minibus on it, and it that consider the main cause of congestion at the stop points; the movement of various types of urban passenger transport through the stopping point is carried out in a random order, it also causes congestion, too.
Purpose. Analysis of factors affecting the capacity of a bus stop point for urban passenger transport.
Methodology in the article, economic-mathematical methods, and also statistical methods of the analysis were used.
Results. The most important parameters showing some aspects of carrying out the analysis of public transport movement operations at stop points are received.
Practical implications. The results obtained should be considered while planning and manage the movement of urban passenger transport.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF CONNECTED CAR TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Permovsky Anatoly A. , Uskova Anna A.
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the modern Connected Car technology, which can make a significant contribution to solving some transport problems. This topic is relevant now, as transport logistics is of great importance in the economic and political systems of the country. The technology of the connected car under consideration will contribute to increasing economic efficiency and improving the conditions of the transportation process.
FORMATION OF A SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEM BASED ON THE FUNCTIONAL MODEL «ENVIRONMENT – PARTICIPANT – TRANSPORT –INFRASTRUCTURE»
Authors: Zagidullin Ramil R.
Published: November 2021

Numerous factors influence the condition and functioning of the transport system. The result of the analysis of the works of well-known domestic and foreign scientists in the field of research of transport processes is presented. The existing classical scheme of interaction of elements does not give an idea of the presence of a pedestrian and a passenger in this system. In order to comprehensively study the interaction of all elements of the transport system, it is proposed to use the «environment – participant – transport – infrastructure» system. The study of the interaction of the elements of this subsystem will allow us to take into account the influence of the key human factor on the state of transport processes. The proposed conceptual algorithm for the formation of a sustainable transport system based on the optimization of the total costs of the functioning of the «environment – participant – transport – infrastructure» model is also considered and justified. The results obtained will be useful to managers responsible for decision-making in the field of sustainable development and functioning of the transport system.
Purpose. Definition of the ways and receptions of the analysis applying when carrying out the analysis of export operations.
Methodology the article uses economic and mathematical methods, as well as statistical methods of analysis.
Results. The most informative parameters showing some aspects of the functioning of the transport system are obtained.
Practical implications it is advisable to apply the obtained results to managers responsible for decision-making in the field of sustainable development and functioning of the transport system.
THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE VEHICLES AND ITS CHANGES DURING OPERATION
Authors: Zotova Vera A. , Tikhonova Natalia A. , Feofanova Tatyana D.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of changes in the technical condition of cars during use. The well-known issues related to the operation of vehicles and factors caused by the operation of components and mechanisms and their impact on external conditions and random factors are considered.
Structured methods of data production and their visualization using GIS: semantic domains in ethnographic research of landscapes
Authors: Fatková Gabriela , Šlehoferová Tereza
Published: November 2021

In this article, we present how, using the example of research studies connected with the perception of a landscape, some structured methods of data production used primarily in cognitive anthropology can be applied along with the possibilities of data analysis visualization using geographic information systems. We show the process of working with data gained by qualitative techniques and transferred, using semantic domain analysis, to the GIS interface, and outline the room for interpretation opened up by such a multilevel approach using various tools. Although we subjected the described procedures to pilot verification in our own research, the connection of the presented methodological approaches is still open to scientific discussion and, above all, to further experimentation.
Etnograficzne atlasy Polski. Prolegomena
Authors: Kłodnicki Zygmunt
Published: November 2021

Jednym ze sposobów badania i prezentowania różnych przejawów tradycyjnej kultury większych obszarów jest przedstawianie ich na mapach, a następnie interpretacja przedstawionych zasięgów. Opracowanie mapy etnograficznej wymaga spełnienia pewnych rygorów już na etapie tworzenia kwestionariusza i badań terenowych. Zespół tych ściśle określonych wymogów, zawierających między innymi systematykę mapowanych elementów kultury i ich chronologię, określamy mianem techniki kartograficznej. Znajomość tej techniki umożliwia ocenę przydatności także gotowych już map do dalszych badań oraz przetwarzania ich zawartości. Może też służyć pomocą badaczom podejmującym trud opracowywania nowych map. Metoda etnogeograficzna pozwala na wnioskowanie o genezie cech/elementów kulturowych na podstawie konfiguracji ich zasięgów. Interpretacje map prowadzą etnologów do wyjaśnienia genezy tradycyjnej kultury w Polsce przez ukazanie, przynależności do zachodnioeuropejskiej prowincji kulturowej oraz o pograniczach z prowincjami północno-wschodnią i karpacką na ziemiach polskich. Tradycyjna kultura obszaru Polski znalazła odzwierciedlenie w kilku atlasach polskich i niemieckich.
Etnografia w skale: mapy topograficzne a doświadczenie wspinaczki
Authors: Wierciński Hubert
Published: November 2021

„Topo” to mapa drogi wspinaczkowej i skała poddana obiektywizacji. Dostarcza ona pierwszej wiedzy o danej drodze. Mapy nie są jednak tylko przedstawieniami obiektów przyrodniczych, lecz także reprezentacjami złożonych, ucieleśnionych oraz temporalnych praktyk społecznych. Wspinaczka to zatem pewien cielesny stan i epistemologiczna dyspozycja, dzięki którym wspinacz pokonuje kolejne metry skały. Postawione w artykule pytanie brzmi zatem: jak wytwarzana jest ta wiedza i doświadczenie; jak przebiega tranzycja z wiedzy pierwszej, wydawałobysię zobiektywizowanej, ku subiektywnej wiedzy rodzącej się podczas aktu wspinania?
Dziedzictwo miejskie Krakowa, czyli rzecz o książce Mapy miasta. Dziedzictwa i sacrum w przestrzeni Krakowa
Authors: Barański Janusz
Published: November 2021

Tekst omawia książkę zredagowaną przez Annę Niedźwiedź i Kaję Kaider na temat przenikających się sfer dziedzictwa kulturowego i sacrum Krakowa. Autorzy książki skupiają się na materialnym dziedzictwie miejskim, które wciąż zdaje się niedocenianym zasobem przeszłości. W prezentowanym antropologicznym jego rozumieniu obiekty materialne nie tylko ujawniają całą gamę znaczeń służących kształtowaniu się genius loci miasta i związanych z tym tożsamości mieszkańców i przybyszów, lecz również walor poznawczy w ściśle historycznym wymiarze. Pod antropologicznym szkiełkiem i okiem okazałe budowle i drobne pamiątki zyskują wagę równą pisanym źródłom historycznym, tytułowe zaś dziedzictwo i sacrum ukazują swą nierozerwalną jedność. Na uwagę zasługuje również fakt, że książka jest drukowanym odpowiednikiem wystawy na ten sam temat, która miała miejsce w krakowskim muzeum etnograficznym.
Die geographische und familiäre Herkunft der Ordensgebietiger Konrad von Kyburg und Rudolf von Kyburg
Authors: Gotowko Piotr
Published: November 2021

The geographical and familial origins of the Teutonic Order’s officials Konrad von Kyburg and Rudolf von Kyburg
 
The researchers of the Teutonic Order have placed the brethren Konrad (before 1336 – 12. April 1402) and Rudolf (before 1337–1404) von Kyburg in the north-eastern part of present-day Switzerland – either in the castle of Kyburg near Winterthur in the eastern Canton of Zurich, or in the Canton of Turgovia, lying in the East of Canton Zurich and to the South of Lake Bodensee. Their family lost those areas by 1265, after a sudden death of Hartmann V von Kyburg (1263) and the childless death of his uncle, Hartmann IV (1264). The only successor, the minor daughter of Hartmann V, Anna von Kyburg, was not able to keep her inheritance, which was quickly taken by her nephew Rudolf IV von Habsburg, latter known as German King Rudolf I. He arranged a marriage between Anna and his relative, Eberhard von Habsburg-Laufenburg, leaving them only Burgdorf and Thun in the nowadays Canton Berne. Their son, Hartmann, had taken the name of the maternal dynasty, calling himself since 1297 Hartmann I von Kyburg. His son, Eberhard II  von Kyburg, succeeded him. He was the father of eleven children with Konrad von Kyburg and Rudolf von Kyburg among them. Despite their name, they came from Burgdorf and had joined the Teutonic Order because the poor parents could not guarantee them a subsistence. The carreer of Konrad von Kyburg started in the late 1380s. In 1392 he was promoted to the Comtur of Balga and from 1396–1402 had even reached the high rank of the Great Hospitaller. The carrier of his younger brother, Rudolf, was less impressive for he became 1391–1402 the Comtur of Rehden.
The Hospitaller Background of the Teutonic Order
Authors: Luttrell Anthony
Published: November 2021

This article examines the foundation in 1190/1191 of a German field hospital outside the walls of Acre during its siege by the Christians studied against a background of Hospitaller affairs in Jerusalem before its loss in 1187. The article relies on contemporary texts rather than the myths which rapidly appeared, while documents issued by the papal chancery suggest misunderstandings of the situation in Syria. The field hospital was the creation of Germans arriving at Acre by sea and overland but its later development inside the walls was, at least partly, conditioned by the long-term mistrust and strife between Romance-speaking and Germanic parties in Jerusalem where the Germans established, at some distance from the main Hospitaller compound, a separate church and hospital dedicated to Santa Maria Alamannorum.  In 1143 the pope adjudicated that the Germans were to be subject to the Hospital but were to be administered by Germans speaking German to those for whom they cared. By 1187 there were Hospitaller brethren and possessions in German lands but Santa Maria Alamannorum seems not to have had its own members or properties there. Those Germans at Acre in 1190/1191 would have known about their Jerusalem hospital but would not have sought an institutional link with it because that would have recognized Hospitaller claims to control them. In 1187 the Hospitaller Master and many brethren were killed and their Jerusalem headquarters was lost; no new Master was elected for some time and control passed to a succession of evidently disoriented senior officers. A new Master Garnier de Nablus reached Acre in June 1191 but by then the Hospitallers' rift with the Germans had hardened. and the Teutonic foundation in Acre successfully maintained its independence. How far the Hospitallers’ mismanagement of the situation eventually limited or impoverished their own order's future in German lands remains incalculable.
Der Deutsche Orden auf dem Konstanzer Konzil. Pläne – Strategien – Erwartungen. Herausgegeben von Helmut Flachenecker unter Mitarbeit von Tobias Baus und Katharina Kemmer
Authors: Szweda Adam
Published: November 2021

Der Deutsche Orden auf dem Konstanzer Konzil. Pläne – Strategien – Erwartungen. Herausgegeben von Helmut Flachenecker unter Mitarbeit von Tobias Baus und Katharina Kemmer. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des Deutschen Ordens 84, Veröffentlichungen der Forschungsstelle Deutscher Orden an der Universität Würzburg 3. Ilmtal-Weinstraße: 2020. 180+XII pp. ISBN: 978-3-89739-944-0.
Werner Paravicini. Adlig leben im 14. Jahrhundert. Weshalb sie fuhren: Die Preußenreisen des europäischen Adels
Authors: Baronas Darius
Published: November 2021

Werner Paravicini. Adlig leben im 14. Jahrhundert. Weshalb sie fuhren: Die Preußenreisen des europäischen Adels. Tl. 3. Vestigia Prussica 2. Göttingen: V & R unipress, 2020. 807 pp. ISBN: 978-3-8471-1128-3.
OD FENOMENOLOGII DO TOMIZMU? O INTELEKTUALNEJ DRODZE EDYTY STEIN DO ŚWIĘTEGO TOMASZA
Authors: Pałubicki Łukasz
Published: November 2021

Artykuł pokazuje powiązania i podobieństwa między myślą Edyty Stein i świętego Tomasza z Akwinu. Główny problem sformułowany został w sposób następujący: czy możemy mówić o intelektualnej drodze Edyty Stein do świętego Tomasza z Akwinu? Analizy pokazały, że Edyta Stein była osobą poszukującą prawdy w całym swoim życiu  a na tej drodze ku prawdzie istotne miejsce zajmuje święty Tomasz. Droga ta posiada trzy główne fazy: fenomenologiczną, chrześcijańską i mistyczną. Do spotkania ze świętym Tomaszem dochodzi w czasie „fazy chrześcijańskiej”. Żydowską myślicielka tłumaczyła dzieła Akwinaty, porównywał jego system z rozważaniami Husserla i sama twórczo komentowała analizy Doktora Anielskiego. Spotkanie z fenomenologią i tomizmem doprowadziło Edytę Stein do decyzji wstąpienia do klasztoru karmelitańskiego i analiz doświadczenia mistycznego.