bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do practitioners characterize land tenure security?
Authors: Masuda Yuta J. , Kelly Allison C. , Robinson Brian E. , Holland Margaret B. , Bedford Charles , Childress Malcolm , Game Edward T. , Ginsburg Chloe , Hilhorst Thea , Lawry Steven W. , Miteva Daniela A. , Musengezi Jessica , Naughton‐Treves Lisa , Sunderlin William D. , Veit Peter
Published: February 2020

Improving land tenure security (LTS) is a significant challenge for sustainable development. The Sustainable Development Goals and other recent global initiatives have renewed and increased the need to improve LTS to address climate change, biodiversity loss, food security, poverty reduction, and other challenges. At the same time, policymakers are increasingly interested in evidence‐based policies and decisions, creating urgency for practitioners and researchers to work together. Yet, incongruent characterizations of LTS (identifying the key components of LTS) by practitioners and researchers can limit collaboration and information flows necessary for research and effective policymaking. While there are systematic reviews of how LTS is characterized in the academic literature, no prior study has assessed how practitioners characterize LTS. We address this gap using data from 54 interviews of land tenure practitioners working in 10 countries of global importance for biodiversity and climate change mitigation. Practitioners characterize LTS as complex and multifaceted, and a majority of practitioners refer tode jureterms (e.g., titling) when characterizing it. Notably, in our data just one practitioner characterized LTS in terms of perceptions of the landholder, contrasting the recent emphasis in the academic literature on landholder perceptions in LTS characterizations. Researchers should be aware of incongruence in how LTS is characterized in the academic literature when engaging practitioners.
Does elevation influence mayfly emergence timing? A case study using New Zealand's endemic ephemeropteran fauna
Authors: McCulloch Graham A. , Ingram Travis , Waters Jonathan M.
Published: February 2020

1. The timing of adult emergence in stream insects is tightly constrained by environmental cues. Emergence is therefore predicted to be delayed at higher elevations, although few studies have empirically demonstrated this phenomenon.

2. We analysed the collection records of New Zealand's entire endemic mayfly fauna (52 species, 20 genera, 8 families) to test for correlations between adult emergence timing and elevation.

3. Significant positive associations between emergence timing and elevation were detected in more than half (11/21) of the taxa included in detailed analyses, with emergence delays for individual taxa (mean 3.2 ± 2.6 days per 100 m) similar to those previously observed in other freshwater insect taxa. Interspecific analyses accounting for phylogenetic relatedness revealed a non‐significant positive relationship (P = 0.14) between median elevation and median collection date.

4. While elevation often has significant effects on insect emergence, these results also emphasise the idiosyncratic responses of individual insect taxa to environmental conditions. More detailed temporal studies are crucial for assessing the ongoing impacts of climate‐driven shifts on insect phenology.
Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions for people with recent‐onset psychosis: A systematic review
Authors: Li Yan , Coster Samantha , Norman Ian , Chien Wai Tong , Qin Jing , Ling Tse Mei , Bressington Dan
Published: February 2020

Background

Early intervention for psychosis is recommended because the first 5 years beyond the first episode is considered the critical period within which individuals have the most potential to maximize their response to treatment and recovery. Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) have been studied extensively in diverse disease groups, but research in people with recent‐onset psychosis is still immature.

Aim

This review aims to explore the feasibility, acceptability and summarize any effectiveness data on of the MBIs for people with recent‐onset psychosis reported by the study authors.

Methods

A systematic search of original intervention research studies relevant to the topic published between January 2000 and August 2019 was conducted with 10 databases. Articles published in English with accessible full text were included.

Results

A total of eight studies were included, which reported recruitment rates of between 62.5% and 100%, withdrawal rates between 0% and 37.5% and attendance rates of between 56% and 100%. Participants' qualitative feedback indicated high levels of satisfaction with the MBIs. The intervention approaches adopted in the reviewed studies include mindfulness‐based interventions, acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion‐based interventions. MBIs have produced promising positive effects on participants' psychiatric and psychosocial outcomes.

Conclusion

This review confirms that MBIs are generally feasible and acceptable for people with recent‐onset psychosis. The preliminary results suggested the potential effects of MBIs in this area. Fully powered randomized controlled trials are suggested to confirm the effectiveness and exploratory studies to gain greater insight into the active components and mechanism of actions of MBIs for recent‐onset psychosis.
Psychometric properties of the Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale‐Revised in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Nearchou Finiki , O'Driscoll Claire , McKeague Lynn , Heary Caroline , Hennessy Eilis
Published: February 2020

Aim

This study aimed to examine the factorial validity and reliability of the Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale (PMHSS) in adolescents and young adults.

Methods

Young people (N = 963) aged 12 to 25 years (M = 16.1, SD = 3.08) were recruited across two studies. Study 1 included adolescents (n = 776) recruited from secondary schools and study 2 included young adults (n = 187) recruited from universities. All participants completed the PMHSS.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a bi‐factorial solution of the PMHSS by retaining 11 items out of the original 16 that loaded on the latent factors of stigma agreement and stigma awareness. Confirmatory factor analysis established the factor structure of the tool in adolescents and young adults.

Conclusions

This shorter version of the PMHSS remains the only validated tool that measures stigma awareness and stigma agreement in youth. We recommend that this version is used in future research.
Grassland management effects on earthworm communities under ambient and future climatic conditions
Authors: Singh Jaswinder , Cameron Erin , Reitz Thomas , Schädler Martin , Eisenhauer Nico
Published: February 2020

The impacts of climate change on biodiversity can be modulated by other changing environmental conditions (e.g. induced by land‐use change). The potential interactive effects of climate change and land use have rarely been studied for soil organisms. To test the effects of changing climatic conditions and land use on soil invertebrates, we examined earthworm communities across different seasons in different grassland‐use types (intensively managed grassland, extensively managed meadow and extensively managed sheep pasture). We predicted that the strength of climate change effects would vary with season and land use. Overall, extracted earthworm populations showed the strongest variations in response to the season, indicating major differences in activity patterns and extraction efficiency, whereas climate change and different grassland‐use types had fewer and weaker effects. Future climate, characterized by slightly higher precipitation in spring and autumn but a strong reduction during the summer, had positive effects on the abundance of extracted adult earthworms in spring but then reduced the abundance of active earthworms across the remaining seasons. In contrast, the total biomass of juveniles tended to be consistently lower under future climate conditions. Earthworm species responded differently to the climate change and different grassland management types, and these species‐specific responses further varied strongly across seasons. Intensive grassland management had negative effects, due to plant community composition, whereas sheep grazing favoured earthworm populations, due to dung deposition. There were only limited interactive effects between climate and land use, which thus did not support our main hypothesis. Nevertheless, these results highlight the complex and context‐dependent responses of earthworm communities and activity patterns to climate change, with potential consequences for long‐term population dynamics and crucial ecosystem functions.

Highlights

We explored earthworm communities in response to climate change, different grassland‐use types and seasons

Climate had species‐specific effects on active earthworms, but few interactions with land‐use type

Intensive grassland management decreased, but sheep grazing favoured, active earthworm populations

Strong seasonal variations in earthworm activity periods will be modulated by climate change
Inter‐ and intramolecular regulation of protein depupylation in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Hecht Nir , Becher Mika , Korman Maayan , Vishkautzan Marina , Gur Eyal
Published: February 2020

Whereas intracellular proteolysis is essential for proper cellular function, it is a destructive process, which must be tightly regulated. In some bacteria, a Pup‐proteasome system tags target proteins for degradation by a bacterial proteasome. Pup, a small modifier protein, is attached to target proteins by PafA, the sole Pup ligase, in a process termed pupylation. In mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pup undergoes a deamidation step by the enzyme Dop prior to its PafA‐mediated attachment to a target. The catalytic mechanism of Pup deamidation is also used by Dop to perform depupylation, namely the removal of Pup from already tagged proteins. Hence, Dop appears to play contradictory roles: On the one hand, deamidation of Pup promotes pupylation, while on the other hand, depupylation reduces tagged protein levels. To avoid futile pupylation–depupylation cycles, Dop activity must be regulated. An intramolecular regulatory mechanism directs Dop to catalyze deamidation more effectively than depupylation. A complementary intermolecular mechanism results in Dop depletion under conditions where protein pupylation and degradation are favorable. In this work, we studied these regulatory mechanisms and identified a flexible loop in Dop, previously termed the Dop‐loop, that acts as an intramolecular regulatory element that allosterically controls substrate preference. To investigate regulation at the intermolecular level, we used the CRISPR interference system to knock down the expression of M. smegmatis ATP‐dependent intracellular proteases and found that the ClpCP protease is responsible for Dop depletion under starvation conditions. These findings clarify previous observations and introduce a new level for the regulation of Dop activity.

Database

Structural data are available in the PDB database under the accession numbers 4BJR and 4B0S.
Disturbance cues as a source of risk assessment information under natural conditions
Authors: Goldman Jack A. , Désormeaux Isabelle S. , Brown Grant E.
Published: February 2020

Disturbance cues are released by stressed or disturbed prey prior to a predator attack and convey useful risk assessment information regarding local threats. While studies have shown that disturbance cues may be important early on within the predation sequence (prior to an attack), their role in predator–prey interactions remains relatively overlooked by ecologists. Critically, experimental studies examining disturbance cues, especially among prey fishes, have been conducted primarily under laboratory or semi‐natural conditions.

Here, we tested the prediction that disturbance cues function as sources of risk assessment information in situ. We exposed Trinidadian guppies, in two natural populations differing in predation risk, to a model predator paired with stream water or the disturbance cue collected from guppies from either a high‐ or low‐predation risk population.

We found that the predator inspection response of guppies to disturbance cues depends on the level of risk of both the focal and the cue source population. Guppies from both populations exhibited increased latencies to inspect, lower inspection rates and reduced inspecting group sizes towards the model paired with conspecific disturbance cues versus a stream water control. Interestingly, guppies of both populations showed evidence of higher perceived predation risk towards the disturbance cues collected from high‐predation risk donors compared to low‐predation risk donors.

Our results support the hypothesis that disturbance cues function as a source of information used by prey fish in the assessment of predation risk and provide the first evidence of disturbance cue function under fully natural conditions.
Occurrence frequencies and regional variations in Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) global active fires
Authors: Li Peng , Xiao Chiwei , Feng Zhiming , Li Wenjun , Zhang Xianzhou
Published: February 2020

Active fires are considered to be the key contributor to, and critical consequence of, climate change. Quantifying the occurrence frequency and regional variations in global active fires is significant for assessing carbon cycling, atmospheric chemistry, and postfire ecological effects. Multiscale variations in fire occurrence frequencies have still never been fully investigated despite free access to global active fire products. We analyzed the occurrence frequencies of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) active fires at national, pan‐regional (tropics and extratropics) to global scales and at hourly, monthly, and annual scales during 2012–2017. The results revealed that the accumulated occurrence frequencies of VIIRS global active fires were up to 12,193 × 104, yet exhibiting slight fluctuations annually and with respect to the 2014–2016 El Niño event, especially during 2015. About 35.52% of VIIRS active fires occurred from July to September, particularly in August (13.06%), and typically between 10:00 and 13:00 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT; 42.96%) and especially at 11:00 GMT (17.65%). The total counts conform to a bimodal pattern with peaks in 5°–11°N (18.01%) and 5°–18°S (32.46%), respectively, alongside a unimodal distribution in terms of longitudes between 15°E and 30°E (32.34%). Tropical annual average of active fire (1,496.81 × 104) accounted for 75.83%. Nearly 30% were counted in Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Indonesia, and Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA). Fires typically occurred between June (or August) and October (or November) with far below‐average rainfall in these countries, while those in MSEA primarily occurred between February and April during the dry season. They were primarily observed between 00:00 and 02:00 GMT, between 12:00 and 14:00 within each Zone Time. We believed that VIIRS global active fires products are useful for developing fire detection algorithms, discriminating occurrence types and ignition causes via correlation analyses with physical geographic elements, and assessment of their potential impacts.
Morphological sorting of introduced freshwater fish species within and between donor realms
Authors: Su Guohuan , Villéger Sébastien , Brosse Sébastien
Published: February 2020

Aim

To determine which morphological characteristics make a fish species a good candidate for introduction and establishment, we tested whether (a) introduced species differ in morphology from non‐introduced species (species only existing in native areas and not introduced to new areas) in each donor assemblage (biogeographic realm fauna); (b) within the introduced species, the morphology of established species (self‐sustaining introduced species) differs from that of the non‐established species; (c) within the established species, those exported out of their native realm have more extreme morphological traits than those translocated within their native realm.

Major taxa studied

Freshwater fish.

Location

Global.

Time period

1960s–2010s.

Methods

We used a global database of freshwater fishes from the six realms. Ten morphological traits were measured on 9,150 species. Principal component analysis was conducted to combine the 10 traits into a multidimensional morphospace. We used permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and permutational analysis for the multivariate homogeneity of dispersions (PERMDISP2) to compare the distribution of species groups in the morphospace and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests to compare their distributions on principal component (PC) axes.

Results

The morphology of introduced species differed from that of non‐introduced species in all the six biogeographic realms. Among introduced species, established species had more extreme morphological traits than non‐established species in most realms. Among established species, exported species had more extreme morphological traits than translocated species.

Main conclusions

Morphological differences between introduced and non‐introduced species was driven by an anthropogenic trait selection for fisheries and angling, leading to the preference for the introduction of predators with large and laterally compressed bodies. Established species represent a small subset of introduced species morphologies, with established species having more extreme morphological traits than their non‐established counterparts. Established fish have morphologies more adapted to lentic waters, and this trend was more marked for species exported to other realms than for species translocated within their native realm.
Identifying Shan‐Shui characteristics for national landscape heritage: Reconciling western and Chinese landscape characterisation from a trans‐cultural perspective
Authors: Zhao Ye , Harvey David C. , Gao Chi
Published: February 2020

The recognition of landscape as cultural heritage has increasingly brought together work on landscape and heritage in recent years. In a practical sense, this has been recognised through effective landscape management strategies that have sought to encompass wider information on the historic environment and its associated values. Across Europe in recent years, effective assessment and management of the historic environment have developed through a conversation around such schemes as landscape character assessment (LCA) and historic landscape characterisation (HLC). Further work is required, however, in order to extend this conversation further in trans‐cultural contexts. This paper explores the possibilities of developing such a conversation through geographic information system (GIS) modelling that draws on both western LCA/HLC perspectives and Chinese Shan‐Shui philosophies. We believe that a creative conversation between western and Chinese landscape heritage philosophies might be able to allow landscape characterisation approaches that use GIS methodologies to attain a greater depth of heritage understanding within their operation. Through trans‐cultural exchange, therefore, this research explores how a novel and indigenous language (of Shan‐Shui characterisation) might enliven western LCA, thus providing a productive conversation between different disciplines, philosophies, and culture cognitions.
Knee osteoarthritis and its association with mental health and health‐related quality of life: A nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Park Hye‐Min , Kim Hyoung‐Sik , Lee Yong‐Jae
Published: February 2020

Aim

To investigate the relationship between knee osteoarthritis, mental health and health‐related quality of life (QoL).

Methods

This study included 6343 men and women aged ≥50 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Osteoarthritis was defined as Kellgren–Lawrence grade ≥2 in the knee on radiographic images with knee pain. Mental health and health‐related QoL were assessed according to three dimensions (depressive mood, psychological distress and suicidal ideation) and five domains (impaired mobility, impaired self‐care, impaired usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression). The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mental health and health‐related QoL were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results

Compared with the control group, the odds ratios for depressive mood, psychological distress and suicidal ideation in the osteoarthritis group were 2.80 (95% CI 1.31–3.31), 1.92 (95% CI 1.21–3.05) and 1.97 (95% CI 1.31–2.94) in men, and 1.51 (95% CI 1.16–1.95), 1.36 (95% CI 1.07–1.72) and 1.92 (95% CI 1.49–2.46) in women after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Similarly, the odds ratios for impaired mobility, impaired self‐care, impaired usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression in the osteoarthritis group were 12.37 (95% CI 8.17–18.72), 3.02 (95% CI 1.84–4.94), 7.33 (95% CI 4.89–10.98), 8.92 (95% CI 5.92–13.45) and 2.56 (95% CI 1.52–4.29) in men, and 8.29 (95% CI 6.41–10.73), 2.53 (95% CI 1.74–3.69), 4.40 (95% CI 3.33–5.80), 4.79 (95% CI 3.72–6.17) and 1.85 (1.44–2.37) in women after adjusting for the same covariables.

Conclusions

Knee osteoarthritis was significantly associated with deteriorated mental health and health‐related QoL in middle‐aged and older men and women.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 379–383.
Phase stability (at 1000°C) of hollow t‐ZrO2 fibers costabilized by lanthana and yttria
Authors: Pang Xu , Xi Chang , Wang Tianchi
Published: February 2020

Yttrium‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) hollow fibers derived from a ceiba template present a 25%–53% reduction in thermal conductivity compared with traditional YSZ solid fibers. However, after prolonged preservation at 1000°C, tetragonal ZrO2 (t‐ZrO2) can easily transform to monoclinic ZrO2 (m‐ZrO2), which destroys the hollow structure of the YSZ fibers and results in loss of the structural advantages for heat insulation. To overcome this, in this study, biomorphic lanthana and yttrium costabilized zirconia (LaYSZ) fibers with a hollow structure are fabricated by doping appropriate amounts of lanthanum in the raw materials of YSZ fibers. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal conductivity measurements are utilized to confirm the phase‐stability superiority of LaYSZ fibers to that of YSZ fibers under harsh conditions. After preservation at 1000°C for 150 hours, the m‐ZrO2 content in the LaYSZ hollow fibers increases from 0 to 3.4 mol%, whereas that in the YSZ fibers increases from 0 to 10.25 mol%. Furthermore, owing to their better phase stability at 1000°C, the morphologies and heat‐insulating properties of LaYSZ fibers are more improved in several aspects compared with YSZ fibers.
Fashion sensitive young consumers and fashion garment repair: Emotional connections to garments as a sustainability strategy
Authors: McNeill Lisa S. , Hamlin Robert P. , McQueen Rachel H. , Degenstein Lauren , Garrett Tony C. , Dunn Linda , Wakes Sarah
Published: February 2020

Where clothing consumption has continued to rise around the world, a deeper understanding of how and why garments are disposed of is critical in regard to addressing the issue of textile waste by consumers. The purpose of this study was to explore the garment management processes of young, fashion sensitive consumers, examining their disposal behaviours as well as motivations towards garment end‐of‐life extension through maintenance or repair of damaged fashion clothing. A survey of 161 South Korean young consumers (18–34 years) was conducted, utilizing a fashion sensitivity scale to measure impact on unsustainable garment disposal practices and garment repair behaviour. Further, general recycling behaviour of these individuals was examined, as linked to garment repair propensity. Results indicate that fashion sensitive consumers dispose of garments more rapidly, and with less ethical consideration. However, these same consumers are motivated to repair items that support their fashion identity. The study contributes some useful insight into encouraging garment life extension practise among heavy consumers of fashion, thus extending what is known about fashion garment disposal in the sustainability context.
Relationship between types of food choice motives and well‐being among young and middle‐aged Chinese adults
Authors: Gong Yanping , Li Jian , Xie Julan , Tan Yuxuan
Published: February 2020

Food choice plays a vital role in people’s lives and well‐being, and this topic has received more research attention in recent years. The aims of the present research were to identify subgroups of participants who shared similar profiles of multiple motives for food choices, and examine differences across motive types on the well‐being of young and middle‐aged Chinese adults. Participants were 627 Chinese adults aged 18–58 years who completed questionnaire measures. The results of Latent Profile Analysis showed that based on the configurations among different motives for food choice, there were five profiles of food choice motives, corresponding to five types of Chinese adult consumers: unconcerned, mood oriented, weight control oriented, food enthusiast and health oriented. The food enthusiast consumers were more likely to include young adults with high‐income level and educational level, while the unconcerned consumers had a larger share of middle‐aged adults with low income. Results of ANOVA suggested that the types of food choice motives significantly predicted individuals’ well‐being. Specifically, the food enthusiast group had the highest level of well‐being, while the unconcerned group had the lowest level of well‐being. The other three groups had moderate levels of well‐being. The current study is the first to explore the potential influence of food choice motives on well‐being using a person‐centred approach, and the results have practical implications for public health authorities in developing effective interventions, for food companies in tailoring marketing campaigns and for individuals in optimizing food choices.
Why industrial methods do not work in healthcare: an analytical approach
Authors: Cozijnsen Luc , Levi Marcel , Verkerk Maarten J.
Published: February 2020

Healthcare professionals and managers in hospitals are frequently suggested to learn from industry and business to improve quality and efficiency. However, evidence that the implementation of industrial techniques and business methods has a meaningful effect on patient outcomes is often lacking. An explanation for this phenomenon is thought to be the complexity of the hospital organisation and the diversity of patients. In this article, we use the practice approach to discuss the application of industrial techniques and business methods in healthcare. We employ a practice model that offers three perspectives to understand professional practices: Identity and intrinsic values, Interests of stakeholders, and Ideals and basic beliefs (Triple I). This model demonstrates that the nature of healthcare practices differs strongly from the nature of industrial and business practices. Healthcare has a moral nature that does not let itself be easily organised along technological or business categories. This may provide a fundamental explanation of why industrial techniques and business methods in general will be less successful in healthcare. At the same time, this model invites hospitals to develop innovative approaches that do justice to the identity and intrinsic values of healthcare. In this process, insights from industry and business cannot be copied but have to be used as sources of inspiration.
Respiratory chain signalling is essential for adaptive remodelling following cardiac ischaemia
Authors: Szibor Marten , Schreckenberg Rolf , Gizatullina Zemfira , Dufour Eric , Wiesnet Marion , Dhandapani Praveen K. , Debska‐Vielhaber Grazyna , Heidler Juliana , Wittig Ilka , Nyman Tuula A. , Gärtner Ulrich , Hall Andrew R. , Pell Victoria , Viscomi Carlo , Krieg Thomas , Murphy Michael P. , Braun Thomas , Gellerich Frank N. , Schlüter Klaus‐Dieter , Jacobs Howard T.
Published: February 2020

Cardiac ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury has been attributed to stress signals arising from an impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), which include redox imbalance, metabolic stalling and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The alternative oxidase (AOX) is a respiratory enzyme, absent in mammals, that accepts electrons from a reduced quinone pool to reduce oxygen to water, thereby restoring electron flux when impaired and, in the process, blunting ROS production. Hence, AOX represents a natural rescue mechanism from respiratory stress. This study aimed to determine how respiratory restoration through xenotopically expressed AOX affects the re‐perfused post‐ischaemic mouse heart. As expected, AOX supports ETC function and attenuates the ROS load in post‐anoxic heart mitochondria. However, post‐ischaemic cardiac remodelling over 3 and 9 weeks was not improved. AOX blunted transcript levels of factors known to be up‐regulated upon I/R such as the atrial natriuretic peptide (Anp) whilst expression of pro‐fibrotic and pro‐apoptotic transcripts were increased. Ex vivo analysis revealed contractile failure at nine but not 3 weeks after ischaemia whilst label‐free quantitative proteomics identified an increase in proteins promoting adverse extracellular matrix remodelling. Together, this indicates an essential role for ETC‐derived signals during cardiac adaptive remodelling and identified ROS as a possible effector.
Infarct Core Reliability by CT Perfusion is a Time‐Dependent Phenomenon
Authors: R Sivan‐Hoffmann , M Saban , C Buxbaum , F Srour , E Sprecher , A Eran , E Abergel , G Telman
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

In the setting of an extended time window for endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute stroke patients, computed tomography perfusion (CTP) has become a major tool in patient selection. However, there are some data suggesting that the initial ischemic core may be overestimated by CTP depending on stroke onset time. This study aims to evaluate possible predictors of overestimation of infarct core by CTP.

METHODS

We studied all consecutive stroke patients undergoing EVT during 1 year who underwent CTP at admission and had a successful recanalization. Admission infarct core was measured on cerebral blood volume maps generated using the Intellispace Portal (Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands) and final infarct was measured on noncontrast follow‐up computed tomography at 24 hours. We defined overestimation of the infarct core as initial core minus final infarct >10 mL.

RESULTS

Out of 107 patients undergoing EVT in the study period, 60 were anterior circulation and had CTP done at our institute, and of them 31 were compatible with the inclusion criteria (known time of onset, no hemorrhagic conversion, and good recanalization). Median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale on admission was 13. Median time from symptoms to CTP was 148 minutes. Seventeen patients were found to have overestimation of the infarct core. Logistic regression analyses showed time from symptom onset to CTP to be inversely related to overestimation with a cutoff of 170 minutes (sensitivity 94% and specificity 43%).

CONCLUSION

Over estimation of the infarct core by CTP in patients undergoing EVT is time dependent and so CTP results among early arrivers should be interpreted cautiously.
Comparison of orthonasal thresholds of key volatile flavor compounds responsible for traditional doenjang flavor in two matrices: Water‐based and soybean‐based model system
Authors: Hong Hyun Hee , Kim Mina K.
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the orthonasal thresholds of the key volatile flavor compounds responsible for traditional doenjang flavor in two different matrices: water‐based and soybean‐based model systems. Orthonasal threshold tests were conducted on 10 previously reported key volatile compounds isolated in traditional doenjang. Orthonasal threshold testing was conducted using a 7‐series of 3 ascending forced choice (AFC) methods in two different food matrices (water‐based and soybean‐based). The best estimate threshold (BET) values for each compound in two different matrices were determined. The BET values except for ethyl‐4‐methylpentanoate were higher in the soybean–based model system than in the water‐based model system, suggesting a potential flavor‐food matrix interaction. The results of this study can assist the doenjang industry in strategically designing “traditional doenjang flavor.”

Practical applications

The findings of this study provided the orthonasal threshold values of 10 volatile compounds representative of traditional doenjang flavors using Korean population and also demonstrated the potential flavor‐food matrix interactions in soybean‐based model system. Finding from this study can provide valuable insights to flavor industry to create just‐about‐right level of traditional doenjang flavor applicable to doenjang paste.
Standardized Xylocarpus moluccensis fruit fraction mitigates collagen-induced arthritis in mice by regulating immune response
Authors: Gupta Priya , Kumar Amit , Pal Subhashis , Kumar Sachin , Lahiri Amit , Kumaravelu Jagavelu , Chattopadhyay Naibedya , Dikshit Madhu , Barthwal Manoj Kumar
Published: February 2020

Objective

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of Xylocarpus moluccensis fruit fraction (F018) on the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

Methods

Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of collagen (2 mg/ml) with complete Freund’s adjuvant in DBA/1J mice. F018 was administered orally at 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg for 20 days. Disease progression and mechanism were assessed by micro-CT analysis, RT-PCR, flow cytometry assay, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and MTT assay.

Results

F018 at 3 and 10 mg/kg significantly reduced paw thickness, clinical score, mononuclear cell infiltration and collagen layer depletion in the knee section of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice when compared with collagen-induced arthritis mice alone. Furthermore, F018 treatment in collagen-induced arthritis mice significantly recovered bone volume and trabecular number and decreased the trabecular space by modulating RANKL and OPG mRNA expression in the synovial tissue. F018 treatment in collagen-induced arthritis mice significantly attenuated spleen index, lymphocyte proliferation and paw myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 mRNA expression and enhanced IL10 mRNA expression in paw tissue. Furthermore, F018 treatment in collagen-induced arthritis mice significantly reduced splenic dendritic cell maturation and Th17 cells. In culture, F018 significantly decreased collagen-induced arthritis-FLS proliferation and promoted apoptosis.

Conclusion

F018 may serve as a potential curative agent for arthritis.
Prevalence of asthma at a school‐based health clinic in Nicaragua
Authors: Banasiak Nancy Cantey , Meadows‐Oliver Mikki
Published: February 2020

Background

Worldwide, it is estimated that 235‐334 million people have been diagnosed with asthma. In Nicaragua, the current asthma rate for children 13–14 years of age was 15.2%.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma at this school‐based health clinic in Managua, Nicaragua, associated symptoms or diseases, determine asthma classification, medications, and hospitalization rates.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed on all pediatric patient's medical records seen in the clinic during a 5‐day period (n = 105).

Results

A total of 23 patients (21.9%) had asthma documented in the medical chart and were included in the analysis. Of the 23 patients, 3 (13%) patients were classified with intermittent asthma while the rest of the patients (87%) were not classified. Albuterol was prescribed for 19 (86%) of the patients with two patients who had both albuterol and QVAR® prescribed. Six (26%) patients had a family history of asthma.

Discussion

This study demonstrated the prevalence of asthma in school‐aged children in Nicaragua is significant and higher than previously reported. The lack of a classification of asthma prevents patients from potentially being treated appropriately.
Real‐world experience of elbasvir/grazoprevir in Taiwan: This study was focused on liver and renal adverse effects
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Chung , Lin Chih‐Lang , Hung Chao‐Hung , Chen Chien‐Hung , Tung Shui‐Yi , Lin Chun‐Yen , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Chien Rong‐Nan , Sheen I‐Shyan
Published: February 2020

Elbasvir/grazoprevir with or without ribavirin has excellent efficacy and safety for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 and 4 patients. The real‐world experience has been reported but the detailed analysis of liver and renal adverse effects is lacking. This study evaluated the real‐world experience relating to the effectiveness and liver/renal safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir in HCV genotype 1 patients with compensated liver disease. In the four medical centres of Chang Gung Medical System, 350 HCV genotype 1 patients with compensated liver disease who were treated with elbasvir/grazoprevir were enrolled. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data were collected. The effectiveness (sustained virologic response 12 weeks after end of treatment, SVR12) and safety were assessed. A consecutive series of 350 patients with a mean age of 68.8 ± 10.0 years old were enrolled. The majority were treatment‐naïve (72.3%), genotype 1b (97.7%) and advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis (94.3%). Seventy‐nine (22.6%) had hepatocellular carcinoma and 23 (6.6%) had coinfection with hepatitis B. The effectiveness of SVR12 was 94.6% (95% CI: 92.2%‐97.0%) in the full analysis set and 99.1% (95% CI: 98.1%‐100.1%) in the per‐protocol set. There were two relapses and one nonresponder. Seven (2.0%) patients had adverse events resulting in premature discontinuation of treatment. Five of them were considered drug‐related. One was due to autoimmune hepatitis. Contrary to previous reports, around 49% of ALT elevation was observed after 8 weeks, and in two patients was due to hepatitis B flares. As to the renal function during the course of therapy, a minor deterioration of eGFR was observed in patients with baseline eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, but not in those with baseline eGFR <60, <60‐30 or <30 mL/min/1.73 m2. In this real‐world data, elbasvir/grazoprevir was effective with few liver/renal adverse effects. One patient developed autoimmune hepatitis.
Association of fecal sample collection technique and treatment history withTritrichomonas foetuspolymerase chain reaction test results in 1717 cats
Authors: Hedgespeth Barry A. , Stauffer Stephen H. , Robertson James B. , Gookin Jody L.
Published: February 2020

Background

Fecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing forTritrichomonas foetusis considered the most sensitive means for diagnosis of infection but results could be influenced by fecal collection technique and prior use of antimicrobial drugs.

Objectives

To establish any association between fecal collection technique or treatment history and results of fecal PCR testing forT. foetus.

Animals

Fecal samples from 1717 cats submitted by veterinarians between January 2012 and December 2017.

Methods

This study used a retrospective analysis.T. foetusPCR test results from 1808 fecal samples submitted for diagnostic testing were examined for their association with method of fecal collection and prior antimicrobial treatments. Data were collected from sample submission form.

Results

PositiveT. foetusPCR test results were obtained for 274 (16%) cats.Fecal samples collected via fecal loop had increased probability of positive PCR test results (odds ratio [OR] 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31‐3.17,P= .002) compared to samples collected by colonic flush. There was no association between PCR test results and treatment history, treatment type, or prior treatment with ronidazole. After an initial positive PCR test, 4/19 (21%; 95% CI 2.7%‐39.4%) cats treated with ronidazole had a second positive test result.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Results of this study support that fecal samples collected by loop might be better for PCR diagnosis ofT. foetusinfection. Lack of association of ronidazole with PCR test results and a 21% all‐potential‐causes failure rate of ronidazole in cats with preconfirmed infection are important limitations to use of this drug.
Dietary patterns and diet quality during pregnancy and low birthweight: The PRINCESA cohort
Authors: Ancira‐Moreno Monica , O'Neill Marie S. , Rivera‐Dommarco Juan Ángel , Batis Carolina , Rodríguez Ramírez Sonia , Sánchez Brisa N. , Castillo‐Castrejón Marisol , Vadillo‐Ortega Felipe
Published: February 2020

Although the isolated effects of several specific nutrients have been examined, little is known about the relationship between overall maternal diet during pregnancy and fetal development and growth. This study evaluates the association between maternal diet and low birthweight (LBW) in 660 pregnant women from the Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition,& City Environment: Systematic Analyses (PRINCESA) cohort in Mexico City. Using prior day dietary intake reported at multiple prenatal visits, diet was assessed prospectively using a priori (Maternal Diet Quality Score [MDQS]) and a posteriori (dietary patterns extracted by factor analysis) approaches. The association between maternal diet and LBW was investigated by logistic regression, controlling for confounders. Adherence to recommended guidelines (higher MDQS) was associated with a reduced risk of LBW (OR, 0.22; 95% confidence interval [0.06, 0.75], P < .05, N = 49) compared with the lowest adherence category (reference group), controlling for maternal age, education, height, marital status, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, parity, energy intake, gestational weight gain, and preterm versus term birth; a posteriori dietary patterns were not associated with LBW risk. Higher adherence to MDQS was associated with a lower risk of having an LBW baby in this sample. Our results support the role of advocating a healthy overall diet, versus individual foods or nutrients, in preventing LBW.
The efficacy of electronic health interventions targeting improved sleep for achieving prevention of weight gain in adolescents and young to middle‐aged adults: A systematic review
Authors: Allman‐Farinelli Margaret , Chen Juliana , Chevance Guillaume , Partridge Stephanie R. , Gemming Luke , Patrick Kevin , Godino Job G.
Published: February 2020

Sleep is emerging as a modifiable risk factor in counteracting harmful weight gain. Electronic and mobile devices offer a channel for wide‐reaching intervention delivery. This systematic review aimed to determine the efficacy of interventions that included sleep behaviour as part of health promotion for preventing weight gain. Seven databases were searched from 1 January 2000 until 28 June 2019. Eligible studies were controlled trials of weight gain prevention programs that addressed sleep in healthy participants aged 13 to 44 years of age. The primary outcome was change in measured or self‐reported weight. From 824 publications located, only six eligible trials with a total of 3,277 participants were identified and all addressed multiple behaviours. One study demonstrated a decrease in weight for the intervention group, and two other studies showed a decreased prevalence of overweight and obesity. Only one trial showed improved sleep duration but failed to show differences in weight. No definitive conclusions concerning the efficacy of electronic weight gain prevention interventions that include sleep can be made, but future trials should provide more detail about intervention techniques used, employ objective sleep and physical activity measures and undertake mediation analysis to judge the contributions of changes in sleep to study outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42019121879.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of the type IX secretion system mutants in Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Gorasia Dhana G. , Glew Michelle D. , Veith Paul D. , Reynolds Eric C.
Published: February 2020

Porphyromonas gingivalis is an anaerobic, gram‐negative human oral pathogen highly associated with chronic periodontitis. P. gingivalis utilizes the type IX secretion system (T9SS) to transport many of its virulence factors including the gingipains to the cell surface. The T9SS is comprised of at least 16 proteins and the involvement of these 16 proteins in the T9SS has been verified by creating gene deletion mutants in P. gingivalis. These T9SS mutants are regularly utilized to understand how these proteins function together to allow the secretion of the T9SS substrates. We performed label‐free quantitative proteomic analysis on the T9SS protein mutants in P. gingivalis to understand the relative abundance of each T9SS component in different mutants. The T9SS components were reduced in abundance in the porK, porL, porM, porN, sov and porT mutants, whereas they were increased in the porE, porU, porV, porZ and porQ mutants. Sov and PorW appear to be the lowest in abundance and PorV the highest amongst all the T9SS components in P. gingivalis wild‐type strain. These results are consistent with the proposed role of Sov as the translocation pore in the outer membrane and PorV as the shuttle protein that transports the T9SS substrates between sub‐complexes. Together, the label‐free quantitative proteomics analyses showed that different T9SS mutants have vastly different abundances of the T9SS components. This knowledge will greatly assist in interpreting the phenotype of the T9SS mutants as well as selecting the right mutant for exploring the role of an individual component.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00662‐miR‐15b‐5p mediated GPR120 dysregulation contributes to osteoarthritis
Authors: Lu Ming , Zhou Enliang
Published: February 2020

Previous studies demonstrated that dysregulation of G protein‐coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) plays a protective role in osteoarthritis (OA). However, the mechanism underlying how GPR120 is downregulated remains largely unknown. In the present study, we evaluated whether GPR120 is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Our results show that GPR120 was negatively regulated by miR‐15b‐5p through targeting 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR), and that miR‐15b‐5p was negatively regulated by LINC00662. Further luciferase assay shows that LINC00662‐miR‐15b‐5p signaling pathway contributed the regulation of GPR120 expression. Functionally, the decreased of LINC00662 caused increased miR‐15b‐5p, thereby leading to decreased GPR120. The decreased GPR120 then contributes to increased expression of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8, cell apoptosis, and decreased apoptosis‐related protein levels including cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐9, and Bax in cultured rat chondrocytes. In summary, the present study shows that LINC00662‐miR‐15b‐5p signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of GPR120, thereby contributing to arthritis.
The impact of side effects on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients' adherence to prescribed medical therapy
Authors: Ata Elvan E. , Bahadir‐Yilmaz Emel , Bayrak Nurten G.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Our study aims to investigate how antipsychotic drugs' side effects impact schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients and how this affects their adherence to prescribed medical therapy.

Design and Methods

The study sample consists of 47 bipolar disorder and 45 schizophrenic patients. Data were collected using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS).

Findings

The mean total LUNSERS scores showed that bipolar disorder patients had more significant side effects compared with schizophrenic patients (P < .05). There was a moderate negative correlation between the mean MARS scores and mean LUNSERS scores of bipolar disorder patients (P < .05).

Practice Implications

Nursing care actions and strategies should be planned and implemented to promote adherence to treatment.