bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric comparison and time consuming evaluations for neoadjuvant 5-fields versus 7-fields Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.
Authors: Reali Alessia
Published: November 2018

Aims and background. Preoperative â€“ multidrug - chemoradiotherapy schedule (PCR) is proven to be the standard approach in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).Â  The main limiting factor of PCR delivery is severe acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity due to the small bowel irradiated volume. Compared to 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans, with 7 or more fields, by highly conformal dose distributions, will minimize the dose received by small bowel, but required an increase in overall treatment time. The purpose of this study was to investigate if simple IMRT plans were comparable to conventional 7-fields IMRT in terms of dose distribution, with the advantage of reducing time delivery.Â Methods. Twelve patients with histologically proved LARC underwent PCR with concurrent chemotherapy with Oxaliplatin 50 mg/m2 intravenously weekly x 6 weeks + Capecitabine 1500 mg/mq day (on days 1,14 every 21 days) and 7-field IMRT step-and -shoot technique at the cumulative dose of 50.4 Gy to the target volume, with conventional fractionation schedule of 1.8 Gy each day. Dose calculation for selected Organ at Risks (OARs) such as femoral heads, bladder and small bowel, were performed. Without exceeding OARs dose constraints or compromising target coverage, for each treated patients, a â€œsimpleâ€ IMRT plan with 5 fields was computed and retrospectively compared with 7-field IMRT. Dosimetric parameters and treatment time data were analized. Results. As expected, homogeneity of dose distribution was significantly better for 7F-IMRT than 5F-IMRT; while in terms of Conformation Number, as proposed by vanâ€™t Riet et. Al, we registered no statistically significant differences between the two IMRT techniques resulting in equal sparing of healthy tissues. We recorded a median delivering treatment time of 7.9 minutes for 5F-IMRT and of 12.3 minutes for 7F-IMRT, with a difference statistically significant. Conclusions.This preliminary study demonstrated that the reduction in the number of fields obtained with the 5F-IMRT is a strategy to improve treatment time delivery without a detriment in target coverage and normal tissue sparing in PCR for LARC patients.
Thermodynamic Functions Molecular Polarizability of 2,6-dichloro-4-fluoro Phenol
Authors: Malik Dr. Surbhi , Singh D.P. , Kumar Sarvindra
Published: November 2018

The Laser-Raman and FT-IR spectra of 2,6-dichloro-4-fluoro phenol (2,6,4-DCFP) have been recorded. TheÂ thermodynamic functions, namely, the enthalpy, the heat capacity, the free energy and entropy of 2,6,4-DCFPÂ have been calculated at a pressure of 1 atmosphere in the temperature range 200-1500 K under rigid rotorharmonic oscillator. The one-dimensional semi-empirical delta-function model of chemical binding has been usedÂ to evaluate the average molecular polarizability of 2,6,4-DCFP.
STUDY OF HOMOGENEITY, POROSITY AND INTERNAL DEFECTS IN AERATED AND EPS AGGREGATE POLY BRICKS USING NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE
Authors: Alam Khurshed , Rahman Md. Sayeedur , Rahman Md. Mostafizur , Islam S. M. Azaharul
Published: November 2018

A powerful non-destructive testing (NDT) technique is adopted to study the internal defects and elemental distribution/homogeneity and porosity of aerated brick and EPS aggregate poly brick samples. In the present study the internal defects like homogeneity, porosity, elemental distribution, EPS aggregate and aerator distributor in the test samples have been observed by the measurement of gray value/optical density of the neutron radiographic images of these samples. From this measurement it is found that the neutron intensity/optical density variation with the pixel distance of the AOI of the NR images in both expanded polystyrene (EPS) aggregate poly brick and aerated brick samples comply almost same in nature with respect to the whole AOI but individually each AOI shows different nature from one AOI to another and it confirms that the elemental distribution within a AOI is almost homogeneous. Finally it was concluded that homogeneity, elemental distribution in the EPS aggregate poly brick sample is better than that of the aerated brick sample.Â
EFFECT OF ENERGETIC ION BOMBARDMENT DURING THE GROWTH OF HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS CARBON THIN FILMS
Authors: Aijaz Asim , Uddin Zaheer
Published: November 2018

Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin film growth using plasma-assisted deposition is studied using Monte Carlo based simulation. The effect of energetic bombardment of the ionized depositing species as well as ionized buffer gas species on the film growth and the resulting film properties is investigated. The ion energies that assist the a-C:H film growth from low density structures to high density structures such as diamond-like carbon (DLC) are used and the effect of energy and composition of the depositing species on the C-C and C-H bonding and the film structure are analyzed. It is found that the ion bombardment favors the formation of a-C:H films with low H contents, high density and superior mechanical strength of the resulting thin films and is therefore an effective way to tailor-made a-C:H thin film growth for specific applications.
A study of eutectic indium-bismuth and indium-bismuth-tin Fieldâ€™s metal rapidly solidified from melt
Authors: Kamal Mustafa , El-Bediwi Abu-Bakr , Shalaby RizkMostafa , Younus Mohammed
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the microstructure and thermal behavior of two rapidly solidified of eutectic Indium-Bismuth and Indium-Bismuth-Tin Fieldâ€™s metal are reported. This work experimentally measures the specific heat of the eutectic alloys of the binary Indium-bismuth and indium â€“bismuth â€“tin tertiary system using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique and analyzes the results to determine the thermodynamic properties of the system have sufficient scaling for experimental modeling applications. The resultant ribbons were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) technique. From the differential scanning calorimetry measurements, it is found that entropy change, enthalpy and specific heat are improved and enhanced compared with literature. The electrical resistivity was reported for temperatures between 295 and 330 K for all the melt-quenched ribbons of binary In-49Biand tertiary In-32.5 Bi -16.5 Sn (wt.%). The microhardness, elastic moduli, internal friction and both thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity were also measured. Fieldâ€™s metal is more than suitable for use in experimental settings as it is non-reactive, non-toxic, simple to manufacture, easy to use, and responds to a magnetic force.
VUV PROPERTIES OF Eu3+- DOPED YBO3 PHOSPHOR PREPARED VIA ALDO-KETO AND SOLID-STATE PROCESS
Authors: Wankhade R N , Bajaj N S , Korpe G V , Bhatkar V B , Omanwar S K
Published: November 2018

The Eu3+ doped YBO3 was prepared by the novel aldo-keto method. The structure and VUV luminescence properties of the title compound were studied and compared to the corresponding properties of the materials prepared by a conventional solid state reaction. The use of novel aldo-keto method in preparation lowered the reaction threshold temperature by c.a. 300oC. The YBO3 phosphor from the aldo-keto method look like evenly sized spherical structures, whereas those from the solid-state process look like some agglomerates of little spheres. The Eu3+-doped YBO3 phosphors prepared by both methods showed the red emission with peak around 592, 611 and 627 nm at excitations wavelengths 147 and172 nm, which corresponds to the transitions from the excited 5D0 level to the 7FJ (J = 1, 2, 3, 4) levels of Eu3+ activators. However, the emission intensity of the Eu3+ doped YBO3 from the aldo-keto system is about 2 times as much as that from the sold-state process.
A Physical Principle for Fast and Miniature Random Number Hardware Generator Using MPPC Photo Detector
Authors: Beznosko Dmitriy
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the physical concept and test results of sample data of the high-speed hardware true random number generator design based on typically used for High Energy Physics hardware. Main features of this concept are the high speed of the true random numbers generation (tens of Mbt/s), miniature size and estimated lower production cost. This allows the use of such a device not only in large companies and government offices but for the end-user data cryptography, in classrooms, in scientific Monte-Carlo simulations, computer games and any other place where large number of true random numbers is required. The physics of the operations principle of using a Geiger-mode avalanche photo detector is discussed and the high quality of the data collected is demonstrated.
The Weight Reduction of Charged Capacitors, Charge-Mass Interaction, and Einstein's Unification
Authors: Lo C. Y.
Published: November 2018

The Biefeld-Brown (B-B) effect consists of two parts: 1) the initial thrust is due to the electric potential that moves the electrons to the positive post; and 2) the subsequent lift is due to the separate concentration of the positive and the negative charges. The weight reduction of a charged capacitor is due to a repulsive charge-mass interaction, which is normally cancelled by the attractive current-mass interaction. In a charged capacitor, some electrons initially moving in the orbits become statically concentrated and thus a net repulsive force is exhibited. Based on observations, it is concluded that a repulsive charge-mass interaction is proportional to the charge density square and diminishes faster than the attractive gravitational force, and that the current-mass force is perpendicular to the current. This charge-mass interaction is crucial to establish the unification of electromagnetism and gravitation. To confirm general relativity further, experimental verification of the details of this mass-charge repulsive force is recommended. Moreover, general relativity implies that the photons must include gravitational energy and this explains that experiments show that the photonic energy is equivalent to mass although the electromagnetic energy-stress tensor is traceless. In general relativity,it is crucial to understandnon-linear mathematics and that the Einstein equation has no bounded dynamic solutions. However, due to following Einstein's errors, theorists failed in understanding these and ignored experimental facts on repulsive gravitation. Since the charge-mass interaction occurs in many areas of physics, Einstein's unification is potentially another revolution in physics. Moreover, the existence of a repulsive gravitation implies the necessity of re-justifying anew the speculation of black holes.
Brain Interconnections
Authors: DueÃ±as Alejandro , Rosas Juan Carlos Aldaz , HernÃ¡ndez Francisco JimÃ©nez , Caloca M. M. A. Ortiz
Published: November 2018

The interaction brain-machine is now an indissoluble fact. The repercussions this fact will have in future are presently unimaginable. As mentioned in [1] the nerve axon can now be modeled by a cable or a planar high speed interconnection, no matter what kind of interconnection will be used.Â  The brain development is clearly shown in a stupendous book of the SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE treating the brain and the nervous system. An extraction of the brain development chapter is here included to show the relationship among the physiological brain connections [2] and the high speed electrical connections [1]. On the other hand, because of the massive volume of information storage now a day the synchronization clock speeds are all in the range of GHz almost reaching the THz. At these very high frequencies the behavior of the interconnects are more like that of a transmission line, and hence distortion, delay, and phase shift-effects caused by phenomena like cross talk, ringing, and overshoot are present and may be undesirable for the performance of a circuit or system. Thus, the interconnects do not have to be considered like simple conductors or lumped elements. All this gives rise to a new emerging discipline known as signal integrity. This discipline is extremely important to maintain the signal quality on microstrip circuits [3]. In this discipline the correct timing and signal quality preservation preventing transients and false switching are studied in order to avoid excessive delays.
On the mathematical necessity of the co-existence of electromagnetic fields of the non-standard polarity with the standard electromagnetic fields in the case of the existence of Dirac monopoles
Authors: Chubykalo Andrew , Espinoza Augusto
Published: November 2018

In this brief note we adduce the mathematical rationale of the necessity of the existence of the electromagnetic field of the non-standard polarity if the magnetic charges (Dirac monopoles) exist in reality.
Correlation between microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of In-Bi-Sn-Ag melt spun alloys
Authors: Shalaby Rizk Mostafa , Yonous Mohammed , El-Bediwi Abu-Bakr , Kamal Mustafa
Published: November 2018

A series of indium-bismuth-tin-silver alloys containing up to 5 wt. % silver were quenched from melt by chill-block melt-spin technique. The resultant ribbons were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray, and deferential scanning calorimetry techniques. Structural, Mechanical and thermal correlations were discussed and reviewed for In-Bi-Sn-Ag Fieldâ€™s metal alloy systems. The results are interpreted in terms of the phase changes occurring in the alloy system.Â  It is found that melting point, solidus and liquidus temperatures of the solder alloys are lowered as the Ag content is increased.Â  With the addition of Ag, the In rich phase is finer in size, and the intermetallic compounds are more uniformly distributed.Â  As a result, Youngâ€™s modulus and microhardness of In-Bi-Sn are increased when Ag is added into the solder alloy. Â It is also , concluded that from our results, the present work relates to a melting temperature adjustable metal thermal interface material (TIM) applicable to an interface between a microelectronic packaging component and a heat dissipation device, so as to facilitate the heat dissipation of the microelectronic component.
Visual Evoked potential signal processing and analysis for normal and galucomic eyes
Authors: Abdelkader Hamed Ibrahem , Abdelkader Mona , Kabeel Mohammed , Alya Malak
Published: November 2018

Visual evoked potentials (VEPS) are obtained from optic tract by recording the evoked potentials generated by retinal stimulation. The flash VEP (FVEP) is used less frequently than pattern reversal VEP (PRVEP) because; it shows great variation in both latency and amplitude. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of change of wavelength of flash and change of check size on the parameters of visual evoked potential (amplitude and latency) in normal individuals and glaucoma patients. The group of healthy subjects in the age of 20-45 years while the group of glaucoma subjects where Â in the age of 25-50 years. Â The two groups were exposed to flash VEP with white light and blue color and they also were exposed to checks subtending a visual angles of 15, 30,60 and 120 minutes of arc. The measured data were statistically analyzed and summarized by histograms. The interindividual and intraindividual in latencies and amplitudes for FVEP were assessed using Â the coefficient of variation (COV). In conclusion, monochromatic flash VEP was preferred than white as there were minimal inter and intra individual variation of latencies and amplitudes. The most preferred check size in PRVEP was 120' for Â the two groups.Â Â
Optical properties of the Vanadium dioxide
Authors: Benchaib Abderrahim , Mdaa Abdesselam , Zorkani Izeddine , Jorio Anouar
Published: November 2018

The vanadium dioxide is a material thermo chromium which sees its optical properties changing at the time of theÂ transition from the phase of semiconductor state â†” metal, at a critical temperature of 68Â°C. The study of the opticalÂ properties of a thin layer of VOâ‚‚ thickness 82 nm, such as the dielectric function, the index of refraction, the coefficient ofextinction, the absorptionâ€™s coefficient, the reflectivity, the transmittivity, in the photonic spectrum of energy Ï‰ located inthe interval: 0.001242 â‰¤ Ï‰ (ev) â‰¤ 6, enables us to control well its practical utility in various applications, like the intelligentpanes, the photovoltaic, paintings for increasing energy efficiency in buildings, detectors of infra-red (I.R) or ultra-violet(U.V). We will make simulations with Maple and compare our results with those of the literature
DIELECTRIC STUDIES IN Li2O AND CoO DOPED BOROPHOSPHATE GLASSES
Authors: Talari Sankarappa , Ashwajeet J. S. , Ramanna R. , Praveenkumar K.
Published: November 2018

Borophosphate glasses in the compositions, (B2O3)0.2 . (P2O5)0.3 . (Li2O) 0.5-X . (CoO) X, wherex = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 were prepared at 1400K by following melt quenching method. Their amorphous nature was confirmed by XRD studies and was investigated for dielectric properties in the frequency range from 100Hz to 1MHz and temperature range from 300K to 573K. The conductivity was derived from the dielectric spectrum. The frequency exponent, s, dc and ac components of the conductivity were determined. The temperature dependence of conductivity at different frequencies was analyzed using Mottâ€™s small polaron hopping model, and the high temperature activation energy has been estimated and discussed. The variation of conductivity and activation energy with composition revealed a changeover of conduction mechanism from predominantly ionic to electronic regime for mole fractions of CoO between 0.3 and 0.35. This is a new result. Huntâ€™s model has been employed to analyze frequency dependence of conductivity. Relaxation features of the dielectric properties have been extracted from the analysis of electric moduli with frequency. Activation energy for relaxation mechanism has been determined. Frequency exponent was found to be temperature dependent. Quantum mechanical theory and correlated barrier hopping models were found to be inadequate to explain frequency exponent behavior with temperature.For the first time that borophosphate glasses doped with Li2O and CoO were studied for dielectric properties and ac conductivity as a function of temperature and frequency and the data has been analysed thoroughly.Â
Dielectric Relaxation Studies of Silver Nanoparticles dispersed Liquid Crystal
Authors: Singh Keisham Nanao
Published: November 2018

This article reports on the Dielectric Relaxation Studies of two Liquid Crystalline compounds - 7O.4 and 7O.6 - doped with dodecanethiol capped Silver Nanoparticles. The liquid crystal molecules are aligned homeotropically using CTAB. The low frequency relaxation process occurring above 1 MHz is fitted to Cole-Cole formula using the software Dielectric Spectra fit. The effect of the Silver Nanoparticles on the molecular dipole dynamics are discussed in terms of the fitted relaxation times, Cole-Cole distribution parameter and activation energy. The study indicate a local molecular rearrangement of the liquid crystal molecules without affecting the order of the bulk liquid crystal molecules but these local molecules surrounding the Silver Nanoparticles do not contribute to the relaxation process in the studied frequency range. The observed effect on activation energy suggests a change in interaction between the nanoparticles/liquid crystal molecules.
Ab-initio Calculations of Electronic, Transport, and Bulk Properties of cubic Boron Nitride (zb-BN)
Authors: Stewart Anthony Duane
Published: November 2018

We present results from ab-initio, self consistent, local density approximation (LDA) calculations of electronic and related properties of cubic boron nitride (zb-BN).Â  We employed the Ceperley and Alder LDA potential and the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) formalism in our non-relativistic computations.Â  We solved the system of LDA equations self-consistently, through the implementation of the LCAO formalism, following the Bagayoko, Zhao, and Williams (BZW) method as enhanced by Ekuma and Franklin (BZW-EF).Â  The BZW-EF method includes a methodical search for the optimal basis set that yields the absolute minima of the occupied energies.Â  This search entails increasing the size of the basis set and the related modifications of angular symmetry and of radial orbitals.Â  Our calculated, indirect band gap of 6.48 eV, from the Î“ to the Î§ points, and bulk modulus of 375 GPa are in excellent agreement with corresponding experimental values at room temperature (RT).Â  The calculated widths of the lowest valance band and that of the entire valence bands of 5.65 eV and 20.26 eV are in excellent agreement with the measured values of 5.5 eV and 20 eV, respectively.Â  We have also calculated electron and hole effective masses for zb-BN, and the total (DOS) and partial (pDOS) densities of states. Â Â
Natural radioactivity in marine sediment of Khor- Abdulla Northern west of the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Subber Abdul , Jaber Munaf Qasim , Al-Hashmi Noori H.N.
Published: November 2018

This work presents measurements of natural radionuclides (238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K) in the sea sediment using gamma spectroscopy. The sediment samples were collected from coastal and deep water using special equipment for this purpose. This work was performed in Khor-Abdulla, northern west of the Arabian Gulf to establish the baseline data level for naturally occurring radionuclides in the study area and will be useful for tracking and assessing any accentual pollution in the marine environment in the region. The average values of 232Th, 238U,226Ra, 40K are 5.6 Bq/kg, 7.2 Bq/kg, 44.4 Bq/kgÂ  and 293.9 Bq/kg respectively. It is found that,the mean radium equivalent Raeq and effective dose rates areÂ  84.5 Bq/kg and 0.046 mSv/y respectively and they are well below the recommended limit of international committees.
Scalar-Interchange Potential and Magnetic/Thermodynamic Properties of Graphene-like Materials
Authors: Konstantinova Elena , Martins Ricardo Spagnuolo , Helayel-Neto JosÃ© Abdalla
Published: November 2018

By means of numerical simulations, we explore possible influence of geometric deformations on magnetic graphene-like systems. As an efficient and economic method to take the geometrical effects into account, in addition to the electromagnetic interaction, we introduce an extra interaction transmitted by a massive scalar, associated to the KekulÃ© deformations. As a result, one meets a new potential interaction term, which affects the properties of the nano-surface. Monte Carlo analysis enables one to analyze the behavior of the system under variation of the external magnetic field, of the temperature, and also on the inverse of the mass of the extra scalar boson, which characterizes the typical length scale of geometric deformations. Our analysis is based on the spin configurations and includes evaluating magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat in the presence of the KekulÃ©-induced new potential.
Approximate generalized Jensen type mappings in proper Lie CQÂ¤-algebras
Authors: Kim Seong Sik , Kim Ga Ya
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability problems for properLie derivations associated to the generalized Jensen type functional equationin a proper Lie CQÂ¤-algebra.
Study of the optical properties of SiO2, and Al2O3 films deposited by electron beam technique
Authors: Shakouri Reza
Published: November 2018

Al2O3 and SiO2 thin films have been prepared by electron beam evaporation at different oxygen flows. The influences of oxygen partial pressure on optical properties of Al2O3and SiO2 thin films have been studied. We have coated Al2O3and SiO2 without some oxygen background in the chamber. The results show that Al2O3 thin film does not have absorption even though it is coated without oxygen background in the chamber. On the other hand, without oxygen flow, SiO2 thin film has some absorption.Â  The packing density of the samples is studied by change in the spectrum of a coating with humidity
GRAVITY FIELD: THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CONTRIBUTION TO STUDY WEIGHING PENDULUM PERIOD
Authors: Nguimbous-Kouoh Jean Jacques , Bum Elisabeth Ngo , Ngos Simon
Published: November 2018

We present in this article a theoretical study and experimental variations of the period of a pendulum consisting of a heavy rigid rod on which we can translate a mass . The study was conducted at the National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Yaounde I. The product was manufactured in a metal carpenter room for a relatively modest cost. The study is carried out in dependence on the position of the mass relative to the axis of rotation. We show that the model developed in the context of solid mechanics fits successfully experience while one developed in the context of the approximation of the mechanical point has only limited validity range, the asymptotic behavior for which the mass is from the axis of rotation. We define explicitly the field and compare with experiment. Â
Evolution of unstable system.
Authors: Lebed Igor V.
Published: November 2018

Scenario of appearance and development of instability in problem of a flow around a solidÂ sphere at rest is discussed. The scenario was created by solutions to the multimomentÂ hydrodynamics equations, which were applied to investigate the unstable phenomena. TheseÂ solutions allow interpreting Stokes flow, periodic pulsations of the recirculating zone in the wakeÂ behind the sphere, the phenomenon of vortex shedding observed experimentally. In accordanceÂ with the scenario, system loses its stability when entropy outflow through surface confining theÂ system cannot be compensated by entropy produced within the system. The system does not findÂ a new stable position after losing its stability, that is, the system remains further unstable. AsÂ Reynolds number grows, one unstable flow regime is replaced by another. The replacement isÂ governed tendency of the system to discover fastest path to depart from the state of statisticalÂ equilibrium. This striving, however, does not lead the system to disintegration. Periodically,Â reverse solutions to the multimoment hydrodynamics equations change the nature of evolutionÂ and guide the unstable system in a highly unlikely direction. In case of unstable system, unlikelyÂ path meets the direction of approaching the state of statistical equilibrium. Such behavior of theÂ system contradicts the scenario created by solutions to the classic hydrodynamics equations.Â Unstable solutions to the classic hydrodynamics equations are not fairly prolonged along time toÂ interpret experiment. Stable solutions satisfactorily reproduce all observed stable medium states.Â As Reynolds number grows one stable solution is replaced by another. They are, however,Â incapable of reproducing any of unstable regimes recorded experimentally. In particular, stableÂ solutions to the classic hydrodynamics equations cannot put anything in correspondence to anyÂ of observed vortex shedding modes. In accordance with our interpretation, the reason for this isthe classic hydrodynamics equations themselves.
Theoretical modification of Hume Rothery condition of phase stability in a good agreement with experimental data
Authors: El Ashram Tarek
Published: November 2018

We presented in this paper a theoretical modification of Hume Rothery condition of phase stability in good agreement with experimental data. This modification is derived directly from the quantum conditions on the free electron Fermi gas inside the crystal. The new condition relates both the volume of Fermi sphere VF and volume of Brillouin zone VB by the valence electron concentration VEC as ;Â Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â Â  for tetragonal and hexagonal systems and as; Â  Â  for cubic systems.
Perceptions of support and policies regarding pregnancy, parenting, and family planning during veterinary training at United States veterinary medical training institutions
Authors: Rosenbaum Marieke H. , Wayne Annie S. , Molter Brianna L. , Mueller Megan K.
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVE To gather information about issues associated with pregnancy, lactation, and parenting for US veterinary students and house officers (trainees) and their perception of pregnancy and parenting support services available at US veterinary training institutions.

DESIGN Cross-sectional mixed-method survey.

SAMPLE 2,088 veterinary students and 312 house officers from 27 US veterinary training institutions.

PROCEDURES An email with a link to an online survey was sent to the associate dean for academic affairs at each of the 30 AVMA-accredited US veterinary training institutions with a request that it be forwarded to all veterinary students and house officers (interns and residents).

RESULTS Among the 2,400 respondents, 185 (7.7%) reported that they were a parent, were pregnant, or had a significant other who was pregnant. Several significant differences in attitudes and perceptions of pregnancy and parenting support services provided by veterinary training institutions were identified between males and females, veterinary students and house officers, and respondents who were and were not parents.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results provided crucial information about an important facet of well-being for veterinary trainees and suggested that veterinary students and house officers face substantial challenges in becoming parents during their training programs and that perceptions of those challenges differ between males and females.
Effects of Grid Disturbances on Current Source Rectifier Controlled by FCS-MPC Algorithm
Authors: Godlewska A.
Published: November 2018

Nowadays, the increasing number of non-linear loads influences the grid, causing grid voltage disturbances. These disturbances may be very dangerous for the equipment and can create faults in converter behaviour. However, the right control algorithm can improve the reliability of the work. For a current source rectifier, the finite control set model predictive control has been proposed. This method is very flexible because of the variety of the possible cost function forms. It has been examined under grid voltage disturbed by the higher harmonics and the voltage drop. Simulation results prove the ability to damp the distortions and to ensure the unity power factor. Summing up, the algorithm is a very good solution for use in applications such as battery charging, active power filtering and low-voltage direct current load feeding.
Effects of Verbal Feedback on Movement Efficiency During Swimming Ergometry
Authors: Zatoń Krystyna , Cześniewicz Izabela , Szczepan Stefan
Published: November 2018

Introduction. The aim of the study was to ascertain the physiological effects of verbal feedback on changes in the movement efficiency of a dry-land swimming ergometry task (butterfly stroke). Material and methods. The study involved 100 healthy and physically active males (1st year university students majoring in physical education) that were untrained in swimming (19.56 ± 1.32 years of age, 181.23 ± 4.35 cm in height, and 70.54 ± 8.6 kg in weight). The sample was randomised into two groups (control and experimental). In the first trial, both groups executed the butterfly stroke on a Weba Sport swim ergometer with no augmented feedback. In a second trial, the experimental group was provided with verbal cues relating kinesthetic information on task execution. Trial duration was 10 min, with the first 5 min devoted to the swimming task and the remaining 5 min serving as a cool-down. Variables under consideration included physiological cost, rate of recovery, heart rate recovery, estimated recovery time, and work output. Results. No improvement in the variables related to the physiological cost was observed in the verbal feedback condition although a significant increase in work output was observed in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusions. An improvement in work output without modulating the physiological cost of work suggests that appropriately prepared verbal cues may enhance performance in a swimming ergometry task.
Comparison of Selected Parameters of Physical Activity at School and at Home in Children Aged 12 in Rural Areas in Poland
Authors: Herbert Jarosław , Warchoł Krzysztof , Przednowek Krzysztof , Grzywacz Renata
Published: November 2018

Introduction. In recent years, research studies have demonstrated a significant decrease in physical activity (PA) amongst young people. Most of the young generation participate in sport and recreation too rarely, and they devote too much time to passive leisure. Diagnoses of physical activity at different stages of our lives, with particular emphasis on children and adolescents, are increasingly indicating that along with age, the level of physical activity, especially during leisure time, is decreasing. Material and methods. The aim of the study is to compare selected parameters of physical activity on a single day among students aged 12 and to determine how these parameters differ at school and at home. The study was conducted using an ActiGraph WGT3X accelerometer on a group of 100 students (50 girls and 50 boys) in a rural area of southern Poland. Results. The analysis showed that for parameters such as vigorous activity, total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and step count, the observed difference between the time spent at school and outside of school was statistically significant (p < 0.05). All of these parameters were characterised by a higher level during school time. On the basis of the analyses performed, it was concluded that the school environment contributes to increasing youth’s physical activity. Effective educational programmes promoting physical activity in different forms should be addressed to youth as well as to parents (custodians), who are responsible for the physical development of their children.
Analisis Harga Pokok Penjualan Pada Laba Di Apotik Kimia Farma No. 66 Luwuk
Authors: Doddy Asharudin Siswadi Sululing,
Published: November 2018

This study entitled " Analysis of Cost of Goods Sold In Profit In Kimia Farma Pharmacy 66 Luwuk, with the formulation of the problem is : " Is the Price Determination of Sales At Kimia Farma No. 66 Luwuk Has Earned Income Optimal ? "This study aims to determine the Price Determination of Sales and Profits What is optimal at Kimia Farma Pharmacy 66 Luwuk using Descriptive Analysis . The results showed that the calculation of cost of goods sold from 2013 through 2014 can be seen Profits not yet optimal because the sales targets set each year has not been reached . Profit decline that occurs due to declining prescription sales of credit and operational costs which did not experience significant differences .
Team-Based Decision-Making in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)
Authors: Dagenais Renee , Pawluk Shane A , Rainkie Daniel C , Wilby Kyle
Published: November 2018

Evaluation of pre-licensure students’ competency in team-based decision-making is lacking. The purposes of this study were to evaluate pre-licensure pharmacy students’ competency in team-based decision-making in the context of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), and to determine whether performance correlated with reflective assignment scores. Students’ self-assessment and conceptualization of team-based decision-making in practice was also evaluated. Twenty-three pre-licensure pharmacy students’ competency in team-based decision-making was evaluated in an OSCE station and with a reflective journal assignment; rubric scores for both evaluations were compared using Spearman’s rank order analysis. Students completed an 18-item questionnaire regarding attitudes, confidence, and perceptions related to team-based decision-making. Descriptive statistics and construct analysis with open coding were used to analyse questionnaire results. Mean OSCE station and reflective journal scores were 45% and 66.3%, respectively, and were not correlated. Students’ attitudes toward team-based decision-making were positive, and they reported performing associated behaviours during experiential education rotations. Students appropriately defined ‘team-based decision-making’ and were highly confident in performing related activities. However, students’ conceptualization of team-based decision-making did not align with the pharmacy program’s competency framework.  Three key themes were identified through the study analyses: 1) student performance is dependent on assessment context when evaluating collaborator-related competencies; 2) there is a mismatch between students’ perceived competency and objectively measured competence when collaborator outcomes were assessed within an OSCE; and 3) students’ perceptions of team-based decision-making do not align with the program’s competency framework. Future research is necessary to assess competency and perceptions of team-based decision-making in students from other healthcare professions, and to further evaluate whether pre-licensure students are “collaborative practice ready”.

 

Article Type: Case Study
Structured Multi-Stakeholder Workshops to Advance a Global Transformative Roadmap for Pharmaceutical Workforce
Authors: Bruno Andreia , Anderson Claire , Bader Lina , Bates Ian , Boone Jill , Brock Tina , Carrasqueira Joana , Galbraith Kirsten , James Susan , Larson Ian , Paulino Ema , Rouse Michael , Tofade Toyin , Yi Whitley
Published: November 2018

In November 2016, the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) endeavored to create an environment to foster a shared vision to lead a transformative pharmaceutical workforce roadmap. Three milestone documents were developed and presented at the Global Conference on Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Education. Workshops with the key themes and connecting Pharmaceutical Workforce Development Goals (PWDG) were conducted and analyzed. This Note serves to summarize the key aspects of these workshops, reporting on the innovative approaches used to generate guidance for stakeholders regarding implementation.

Innovation: Seven workshops with a uniform structure were developed. These were designed to improve communication, harmonise outcome-generation, and allow for aggregate analysis. A team of seven conducted each workshop, each team consisted of: a Chair, a facilitator, one rapporteur, and four speakers purposively selected from FIP member organisations and other key stakeholders with expertise for sharing a variety of perspectives. Guidelines and templates were developed for all roles and each team was briefed in advance. 

Key findings: Approximately 200 personnel participated in the seven workshops, with around 20 country representatives per workshop, covering all six World Health Organisation regions. Three key aspects of workforce transformation, using the PWDGs, were explored in each workshop: drivers for implementation; challenges to implementation; and ways of encouraging implementation. Drivers for implementation mentioned were enhancing collaboration and engagement. Challenges to implementation were identified as variance in terminology. Several ways of encouraging implementation were acknowledged, such as communication strategies, advocating for workforce development and sharing best practices to foster partnerships.

Next steps: The unique format of the workshops, the innovative approach to include stakeholders across an array of settings and the parallel structure in all the seven workshops, aided in creating reliable findings.  The achievability of the PWDGs depends on several factors. Engagement with stakeholders and engagement from and between professional associations are important factors to achieving workforce development goals.

 

Article Type:  Note
Lexical Metaphor as Judgment: Attitudinal positioning of editorial writers in business newspapers
Authors: Katajamäki Heli Susanna , Koskela Merja
Published: November 2018

Drawing on appraisal theory, this paper aims to analyze how the attitudinal positioning of writers of the editorials of business newspapers can be construed by means of lexical metaphors. The focus is on judgment, the evaluation of human actors, because it indicates the subjective presence of a writer. Based on a dataset o3f 32 editorials of two Finnish business newspapers, the results show that the lexical metaphors used during assessments are mostly dead metaphors, representing the source domains of competition and sports, humans and animals, and war, battle, and violence. The most common targets of judgment are institutional actors that are described by the meanings of capacity, tenacity, and propriety. Economic actors are mostly evaluated positively while political actors are mostly evaluated negatively. Cases where economic actors are evaluated negatively and where individual persons are mentioned are unusual but do arise. In general, judgments in editorials reflect the shared values and ideological beliefs of the papers and their readers. Lexical metaphors offer a subtle way of praising and criticizing institutions and individual people, which makes them an important way of communicating as expected in a discourse community.
Komunikasi Politik GAM-RI pada Perundingan Helsinki
Authors: Maulana Reza
Published: November 2018

This study purposes to find out how political communication that occurs between GAM-RI negotiation in Helsinki on 2005. Helsinki negotiation is a phenomenon of political communication which is reached an agreement. The theory used is empathy and homophile. The research method uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research. Data collection tools in this study of semi-structured interviews and documentation study. Informant selection technique used is purposive technique. Based on the results of data processing in an interactive, results are obtained that negotiation built through six stages: preparation; The first contact; confrontation; conciliation; solutions; and post-negotiation. In the negotiations the two sides have similarities that can make both sides mutual trust and the creation of an effective political communication. The similarities among ethnic and organizational background. Effective use of empathy and homophile greatly affect the process and outcome of the negotiations.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CATEGORY APPARATUS OF CONSUMPTION IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Antoniuk Kateryna Ivanivna , Antoniuk Dmytro Anatolievich , Bukharina Liudmyla Mykhailivna
Published: November 2018

Urgency of the research. The transition from consumer society to the foundations of sustainable development is an urgent problem of science, especially in the process of European integration of Ukraine, while business entities are most open to the implementation of these principles in the process of transformation.
Target setting. Multidimensional category of consumption as a key determinant of sustainable development, its research within the conceptual-categorical apparatus of different disciplines resulted in inconsistencies in the disclosure of its essence because of several related concepts use.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Significant contributions to the study of responsible, intelligent, sustainable consumption and production have been made by well-known foreign (J. Gontelos, T. Jackson, A. Deaton, F. Capra, L. Mikaelis, D. Fedrigo) and domestic scientists (O. Grishnov, A. Kotenko, A. Kolot, O. Melnichenko, L. Pogorila, T. Saltevska).
Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. At the same time, structural elements of the conceptual apparatus of consumption remain insufficiently substantiated and established. The issue of consumer safety is all the more acute.
The research objective is to explore the structural interrelations between the elements of the conceptual apparatus of the category "consumption" in terms of its focus on ensuring social and economic development, the welfare of the individual and humanity as a whole on the basis of sustainable development.
The statement of basic materials. The article deals with the structural-system analysis of the terms "sustainable", "socially responsible", "green", "intelligent", "rational", "ethical" consumption. It has been established that in the majority of them, they are aimed at reducing the negative impact on health, the environment, society, formation of conscious behavior (motivation) of the consumer. The concept of "safe consumption" is suggested.
Conclusions. The dialectical connection of related categories of the "consumption" concept has been analyzed; the tetra-like model of the structure of the category apparatus of consumption in the sustainable development system has been proposed.
REGIONAL ASPECTS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION FINANCING IN UKRAINE
Authors: Kazymir Vira Anatoliyivna , Gonta Olena Ivanivna
Published: November 2018

Urgency of the research.The competitive position of the national economy depends on the power of human capital, the foundation of which is based on the system of secondary education. The reform of the decentralization of budgetary relations allows the local authorities to influence the financial provision of the Concept of the "New Ukrainian School", based on the needs and interests of each region.
Target setting. The concept of the "New Ukrainian School" implies that the distribution of financial resources is based on the principle of "money goes after the child." In September 2018 the elementary school moves to a new content of education and financing. Budget decentralization is a powerful tool for creating a new educational environment.
Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Topics of reforming education and the specifics of its financing were investigated by I. Kohut, O. Kuklin, E. Stadnyi, A. Seitosmanov, L. Tsymbal, O. Fasolya, P. Hobzsey, N. Kholyavko and other scholars.
Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. There is an urgent need to research the regional aspects of financing secondary education in the context of budget decentralization.
The research objective. To substantiate the conceptual approaches to financing decentralization of secondary education taking into account regional specificity.
The statement of basic materials. Modern theoretical and methodological approaches and analytical materials concerning the reform of secondary education are analyzed. The economic and political preconditions of providing educational reform in conditions of decentralization are showed.
Conclusions. The constructive implementation of the decentralization reform of the financing of the secondary education system and the implementation of the concept of the "New Ukrainian School", the transfer of significant powers and budgets from state authorities to local has been proved. The tendency to increase financing of education is revealed and specified directions for improving the provision of educational services.