bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microarray analysis of port wine stains before and after pulsed dye laser treatment
Authors: Laquer Vivian T. , Hevezi Peter A. , Albrecht Huguette , Chen Tina S. , Zlotnik Albert , Kelly Kristen M.
Published: February 2013

Background and Objectives

Neither the pathogenesis of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks nor tissue effects of pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment of these lesions is fully understood. There are few published reports utilizing gene expression analysis in human PWS skin. We aim to compare gene expression in PWS before and after PDL, using DNA microarrays that represent most, if not all, human genes to obtain comprehensive molecular profiles of PWS lesions and PDL‐associated tissue effects.

Materials and Methods

Five human subjects had PDL treatment of their PWS. One week later, three biopsies were taken from each subject: normal skin (N); untreated PWS (PWS); PWS post‐PDL (PWS + PDL). Samples included two lower extremity lesions, two facial lesions, and one facial nodule. High‐quality total RNA isolated from skin biopsies was processed and applied to Affymetrix Human gene 1.0ST microarrays for gene expression analysis. We performed a 16 pair‐wise comparison identifying either up‐ or down‐regulated genes between N versus PWS and PWS versus PWS + PDL for four of the donor samples. The PWS nodule (nPWS) was analyzed separately.

Results

There was significant variation in gene expression profiles between individuals. By doing pair‐wise comparisons between samples taken from the same donor, we were able to identify genes that may participate in the formation of PWS lesions and PDL tissue effects. Genes associated with immune, epidermal, and lipid metabolism were up‐regulated in PWS skin. The nPWS exhibited more profound differences in gene expression than the rest of the samples, with significant differential expression of genes associated with angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and inflammation.

Conclusion

In summary, gene expression profiles from N, PWS, and PWS + PDL demonstrated significant variation within samples from the same donor and between donors. By doing pair‐wise comparisons between samples taken from the same donor and comparing these results between donors, we were able to identify genes that may participate in formation of PWS and PDL effects. Our preliminary results indicate changes in gene expression of angiogenesis‐related genes, suggesting that dysregulation of angiogenic signals and/or components may contribute to PWS pathology. Lasers Surg. Med. 45: 67–75, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Navigating Residue Sensitivity in the Used Goods Marketplace
Authors: Kapitan Sommer , Bhargave Rajesh
Published: February 2013

How does a previous owner's contact with used goods affect consumer judgments of these objects? This research identifies a trait measure of sensitivity to the residue of another's essence or taint found in a used possession. Those highly sensitive to residue respond to the transfer of contaminants from a previous owner of an object. Six samples in Study 1 show that residue sensitivity is a reliable and valid measure that is related to constructs of possession attachment and disease transfer. Still, residue sensitivity explains consumer behavior in the secondhand marketplace in ways that these existing constructs do not. Studies 2 and 3 illustrate how consumers highly sensitive to residue shift their judgments of secondhand goods according to information about the valence of a source of prior ownership.
Atypical parkinsonism due to a D202N Gerstmann‐Sträussler‐Scheinker prion protein mutation: First in vivo diagnosed case
Authors: Plate Annika , Benninghoff Jens , Jansen Gerald H. , Wlasich Elisabeth , Eigenbrod Sabina , Drzezga Alexander , Jansen Nathalie L. , Kretzschmar Hans A. , Bötzel Kai , Rujescu Dan , Danek Adrian
Published: February 2013

Background: Parkinsonism with dopa‐sensitivity and a correlating DaTSCAN turned out to be due to a D202N mutation which is associated with Gerstmann‐Sträussler‐Scheinker (GSS) disease.

Methods/Results: We report a 51‐year old female who presented with left‐dominant parkinsonism and a positive DaTSCAN. She was diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's syndrome. Dopaminergic medication reduced her symptoms. In addition, punding‐like behavior, deficits in organizing daily life and abnormal sleep behavior were reported. Neuropsychological testing, EEG, polysomnography as well as PET imaging with fluorodexyglucose (FDG), [F‐18]‐desmethoxyfallypride (DMFP), and [C‐11]‐6‐OH‐BTA‐1 (PIB) were not diagnostic. Cerebral spinal fluid analysis revealed no 14‐3‐3 protein, but elevated neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and S100‐beta and a very low phospho‐tau/total‐tau ratio. Analysis of the prion gene disclosed the rare D202N mutation.

Conclusions: The D202N prion mutation has been associated with GSS pathology and up to now was only reported post mortem. Our patient is the very first case diagnosed in vivo. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Validation of a screening battery to predict driving fitness in people with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Devos Hannes , Vandenberghe Wim , Nieuwboer Alice , Tant Mark , De Weerdt Willy , Dawson Jeffrey D. , Uc Ergun Y.
Published: February 2013

Background

We previously developed a short clinical battery, consisting of contrast sensitivity, Clinical Dementia Rating, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale‐motor section (UPDRSIII), and disease duration, which correctly classified 90% of drivers with Parkinson's Disease (PD). The aim of this study was to validate that screening battery in a different sample ofPDdrivers.

Methods

Sixty drivers with PD were enrolled to validate our original screening battery to predict driving fitness decisions (pass–fail) by a state agency where drivers underwent detailed visual, cognitive, and on‐road testing.

Results

Twenty‐four participants (40%) failed the driving evaluation. The screening battery correctly classified 46 (77%) participants (sensitivity and negative predictive value = 96%; specificity and positive predictive value = 64%). Adding other clinical predictors (e.g., age of onset, Hoehn‐Yahr stage instead of UPDRS III) failed to improve the specificity of the model when the sensitivity was kept constant at 96%. However, a driving simulator evaluation improved the specificity of the model to 94%.

Conclusions

The original clinical battery proved to be a valid screening tool that accurately identifies fit drivers with PD and select those who need more detailed testing at specialized centers. © 2013MovementDisorder Society
Diffusion‐weighted imaging for evaluation of uterine arterial embolization of fibroids
Authors: Faye Nathalie , Pellerin Olivier , Thiam Rokhaya , Chammings Foucauld , Brisa Marie , Marques Enio , Cuénod Charles A. , Sapoval Marc , Fournier Laure S.
Published: February 2013

Purpose

To determine whether diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) characteristics could predict the effectiveness of uterine arterial embolization in treatment of fibroids.

Methods

This retrospective study included 17 women (27 fibroids) who underwent uterine arterial embolization for fibroids. MR imaging (1.5 T) was performed before, 1 week and 6 months after uterine arterial embolization. The volume, T2 signal, T1 signal, enhancement after contrast media injection, DWI signal (b = 500 s/mm2) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were assessed for fibroids.

Results

DWI signal or ADC, whether before or 1 week after the procedure, did not show a statistical relationship to success of uterine arterial embolization. On the 1‐week follow‐up, 22% of fibroids enhanced vs. 85% on baseline, P < 0.0001 and DW signal intensity increased. ADC values in fibroids decreased between baseline and 1‐week (1.61 vs. 1.53 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.13). On 6‐months, ADC continued to decrease compared with baseline (1.27 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.002), but with a lower signal on DWI. No changes were observed in myometrium ADC at any time point.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that DWI and ADC reflected early and delayed changes in fibroids after embolization; however, we were not able to demonstrate a statistically significant relationship with outcome. Magn Reson Med 70:1739–1747, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The cancer psychosocial care matrix: a community‐derived evaluative tool for designing quality psychosocial cancer care delivery
Authors: Forsythe Laura P. , Rowland Julia H. , Padgett Lynne , Blaseg Karyl , Siegel Scott D. , Dingman Chad M. , Gillis Theresa A.
Published: February 2013

Objective

Although the Institute of Medicine provided a vision for effective psychosocial care for cancer survivors, limited guidance exists regarding the essential components of comprehensive care or progressive steps for implementing each component. This paper describes the development of a unique tool for assessing capacity to provide quality psychosocial care to cancer survivors and the results of the first implementation of this tool in community settings.

Methods

The psychosocial working group of the National Cancer Institute Community Cancer Centers Program (NCCCP) developed the Cancer Psychosocial Care Matrix assessment tool. All NCCCP sites (n = 30, enrolled in 2007 and 2010) completed the matrix indicating their capacity for providing psychosocial care at entry into NCCCP (‘baseline’) after 2 years of NCCCP participation (2007 sites only) and within the coming year (‘future aspirations’).

Results

At baseline, matrix responses reflected few or no systematic processes in place for most components of comprehensive psychosocial care. However, reported capacity to deliver specific components improved at 2 years post‐NCCCP entry for the 2007 sites and in all NCCCP sites' future aspirations.

Conclusions

With growing demand on cancer centers to meet new metrics of quality care, the psychosocial matrix can help centers systematically identify and develop steps to address gap areas in their capacity to meet these new standards. The Cancer Psychosocial Care Matrix appears to enable evaluation of psychosocial programs, may promote intentions to improve psychosocial services, and can facilitate communication of ‘best practices’ among cancer centers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The James Supportive Care Screening: integrating science and practice to meet the NCCN guidelines for distress management at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Wells‐Di Gregorio Sharla , Porensky Emily K. , Minotti Matthew , Brown Susan , Snapp Janet , Taylor Robert M. , Adolph Michael D. , Everett Sherman , Lowther Kenneth , Callahan Kelly , Streva Devita , Heinke Vicki , Leno Debra , Flower Courtney , McVey Anne , Andersen Barbara Lee
Published: February 2013

Background

Selecting a measure for oncology distress screening can be challenging. The measure must be brief, but comprehensive, capturing patients' most distressing concerns. The measure must provide meaningful coverage of multiple domains, assess symptom and problem‐related distress, and ideally be suited for both clinical and research purposes.

Methods

From March 2006 to August 2012, the James Supportive Care Screening (SCS) was developed and validated in three phases including content validation, factor analysis, and measure validation. Exploratory factor analyses were completed with 596 oncology patients followed by a confirmatory factor analysis with 477 patients.

Results

Six factors were identified and confirmed including (i) emotional concerns; (ii) physical symptoms; (iii) social/practical problems; (iv) spiritual problems; (v) cognitive concerns; and (vi) healthcare decision making/communication issues. Subscale evaluation reveals good to excellent internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and convergent, divergent, and predictive validity. Specificity of individual items was 0.90 and 0.87, respectively, for identifying patients with DSM‐IV‐TR diagnoses of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder.

Conclusions

Results support use of the James SCS to quickly detect the most frequent and distressing symptoms and concerns of cancer patients. The James SCS is an efficient, reliable, and valid clinical and research outcomes measure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silicon nanocrystals from high‐temperature annealing: Characterization on device level
Authors: Löper Philipp , Canino Mariaconcetta , López‐Vidrier Julian , Schnabel Manuel , Schindler Florian , Heinz Friedemann , Witzky Anke , Bellettato Michele , Allegrezza Marco , Hiller Daniel , Hartel Andreas , Gutsch Sebastian , Hernández Sergi , Guerra Roberto , Ossicini Stefano , Garrido Blas , Janz Stefan , Zacharias Margit
Published: February 2013

Silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) embedded in Si‐based dielectrics provide a Si‐based high band gap material (1.7 eV) and enable the construction of all‐crystalline Si tandem solar cells. However, Si nanocrystal formation involves high‐temperature annealing which deteriorates the properties of any previously established selective contacts. The inter‐diffusion of dopants during high‐temperature annealing alters Si NC formation and limits the built‐in voltage. Furthermore, most devices presented so far also involve electrically active bulk Si and therefore do not allow a clear separation of the observed photovoltaic effect of the nanocrystal layer from that of the bulk Si substrate. A membrane route is presented for nanocrystal based p–i–n solar cells to overcome these limitations. In this approach, the formation of both selective contacts is carried out after high‐temperature annealing and therefore not affected by the latter. p–i–n Solar cells are investigated with Si NCs embedded in silicon carbide in the intrinsic region. Device failure due to damaged insulation layers is analyzed by electron‐ and light beam induced current measurements. Open‐circuit voltages of 176 mV are shown for the NC layer. An optical model of the device is presented for improving the cell current. Comparison of the optical limit and the measured short circuit current demonstrates that the device is governed by recombination within the absorber layer.

magnified image

Vertical p–i–n solar cell with a Si nanocrystal thin film in the intrinsic region and selective electron and hole contacts by doped amorphous silicon carbide (a‐SixC1−x:H).
Highly sensitive NO2 sensors based on local p–n heterojunctions composed of 0D CuO nanoparticles and 1D ZnO nanorods
Authors: Hoa Le Thuy , Hur Seung Hyun
Published: February 2013

A novel and highly sensitive p–n heterojunction sensor composed of zero‐dimensional (0D) CuO nanoparticles (NPs) and one‐dimensional (1D) ZnO nanorods (NRs) was fabricated using a solution‐based process. The structures were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The formation of electron depletion layers in the p‐CuO and n‐ZnO is believed to increase the adsorption of NO2, resulting in a 6‐fold response improvement and a 13‐fold increased sensitivity compared to ZnO NRs alone. We believe that this type of heterojunction device can be applied to many different sensing applications.
Nonlinear electronic transport in the anomalous metallic state of quasi‐2D organic superconductors κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2X
Authors: Rommel R. , Hartmann B. , Brandenburg J. , Schlueter J. A. , Müller J.
Published: February 2013

We present measurements of the first‐ and third‐harmonic voltage response in ac electronic transport measurements, representing the linear (ohmic) and nonlinear resistivity, respectively, of the quasi‐two‐dimensional (2D) organic superconductors κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2X. Nonlinear transport is a sensitive tool to probe the microgeometry of the electronic system in high‐quality single crystals. For the title compounds, the normalconducting metallic state in the vicinity of the Mott metal–insulator (MI) transition and critical endpoint is known to be highly unusual. Our results reveal large current‐induced intrinsic inhomogeneities, at high current densities most pronounced at the so‐called T* anomaly, which characterizes the anomalous metallic state. The observed nonlinearities in the interlayer transport do not depend on frequency and cannot be ascribed to a simple Joule heating mechanism in a resistor network. Furthermore, we find evidence supporting the notion of electronic phase separation induced by the Mott critical endpoint. The observed dependence of the generated third‐harmonic voltage on the current density reveals a systematic behavior suggesting that current‐induced electronic inhomogeneities are more pronounced for more strongly correlated systems.
Perioperative Medication Safety Practices
Authors: Stein Patricia
Published: February 2013

Perioperative Medication Safety Practices, AORN, Inc, Ciné‐Med, producer, 2012, DVD, http://cine‐med.com/index.php?nav=aorn&cat=Clinical+Topics&id=1954
A circuitry and biochemical basis for tuberous sclerosis symptoms: from epilepsy to neurocognitive deficits
Authors: Feliciano David M. , Lin Tiffany V. , Hartman Nathaniel W. , Bartley Christopher M. , Kubera Cathryn , Hsieh Lawrence , Lafourcade Carlos , O'Keefe Rachel A. , Bordey Angelique
Published: February 2013

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant monogenetic disorder that is characterized by the formation of benign tumors in several organs as well as brain malformations and neuronal defects. TSC is caused by inactivating mutations in one of two genes, TSC1 and TSC2, resulting in increased activity of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR). Here, we explore the cytoarchitectural and functional CNS aberrations that may account for the neurological presentations of TSC, notably seizures, hydrocephalus, and cognitive and psychological impairments. In particular, recent mouse models of brain lesions are presented with an emphasis on using electroporation to allow the generation of discrete lesions resulting from loss of heterozygosity during perinatal development. Cortical lesions are thought to contribute to epileptogenesis and worsening of cognitive defects. However, it has recently been suggested that being born with a mutant allele without loss of heterozygosity and associated cortical lesions is sufficient to generate cognitive and neuropsychiatric problems. We will thus discuss the function of mTOR hyperactivity on neuronal circuit formation and the potential consequences of being born heterozygous on neuronal function and the biochemistry of synaptic plasticity, the cellular substrate of learning and memory. Ultimately, a major goal of TSC research is to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms downstream of mTOR underlying the neurological manifestations observed in TSC patients and identify novel therapeutic targets to prevent the formation of brain lesions and restore neuronal function.
Brugada syndrome: Recent understanding of pathophysiological mechanism and treatment
Authors: Kusano Kengo F.
Published: February 2013

Since 1992, Brugada syndrome has gained worldwide recognition as an important cause of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the structurally normal heart. Its signature electrocardiography (ECG) pattern consists of ST‐segment elevation in the right precordial leads, and the pathophysiological mechanisms of this ST‐segment elevation and VF development have been reported to be closely related. However, the precise mechanisms present in Brugada syndrome patients remain unknown.

Herein, we will review clinical and experimental evidence, with a focus on the current understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of this unique ECG pattern and VF development, and describe the current strategy for management of Brugada syndrome.
Relationships between dietary macronutrients and adult neurogenesis in the regulation of energy metabolism
Authors: Yon Marianne A. , Mauger Suzanna L. , Pickavance Lucy C.
Published: February 2013

Of the environmental factors which have an impact on body weight, nutrients are most influential. Within normal limits, hypothalamic and related neuronal populations correct perturbations in energy metabolism, to return the body to its nutritional set-point, either through direct response to nutrients or indirectly via peripheral appetite signals. Excessive intake of certain macronutrients, such as simple carbohydrates and SFA, can lead to obesity and attendant metabolic dysfunction, also reflected in alterations in structural plasticity, and, intriguingly, neurogenesis, in some of these brain regions. Neurogenesis, previously thought to occur only in the embryo, is now known to take place in the adult brain, dependent on numerous stimulating and inhibiting factors, including dietary components. Because of classic associations between neurogenesis and the hippocampus, in learning and cognition, this brain region has also been the focus of attention in the study of links between diet and neurogenesis. Recently, however, a more complete picture of this relationship has been building: not only has the hypothalamus been shown to satisfy the criteria for a neurogenic niche, but appetite-related mediators, including circulating hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin, pro-inflammatory cytokines and the endocannabinoid intracellular messengers, are also being examined for their potential role in mediating neurogenic responses to macronutrients. The present review draws together these observations and investigates whether PUFA may exert their attenuating effects on body weight through the stimulation of adult neurogenesis. Exploration of the effects of nutraceuticals on neurogenic brain regions may encourage the development of new rational therapies in the fight against obesity.
Evaluating the effect of measurement error when using one or two 24 h dietary recalls to assess eating out: a study in the context of the HECTOR project
Authors: Orfanos Philippos , Knüppel Sven , Naska Androniki , Haubrock Jennifer , Trichopoulou Antonia , Boeing Heiner
Published: February 2013

Eating out is often recorded through short-term measurements and the large within-person variability in intakes may not be adequately captured. The present study aimed to understand the effect of measurement error when using eating-out data from one or two 24 h dietary recalls (24hDR), in order to describe intakes and assess associations between eating out and personal characteristics. In a sample of 366 adults from Potsdam, Germany, two 24hDR and a FFQ were collected. Out-of-home intakes were estimated based on either one 24hDR or two 24hDR or the Multiple Source Method (MSM) combining the two 24hDR and the questionnaire. The distribution of out-of-home intakes of energy, macronutrients and selected foods was described. Multiple linear regression and partial correlation coefficients were estimated to assess associations between out-of-home energy intake and participants' characteristics. The mean daily out-of-home intakes estimated from the two 24hDR were similar to the usual intakes estimated through the MSM. The out-of-home energy intake, estimated through either one or two 24hDR, was positively associated with total energy intake, inversely with age and associations were stronger when using the two 24hDR. A marginally significant inverse association between out-of-home energy intake and physical activity at work was observed only on the basis of the two 24hDR. After applying the MSM, all significant associations remained and were more precise. Data on eating out collected through one or two 24hDR may not adequately describe intake distributions, but significant associations between eating out and participants' characteristics are highly unlikely to appear when in reality these do not exist.
RING ENDOMORPHISMS WITH LARGE IMAGES
Authors: LEROY ANDRÉ , MATCZUK JERZY
Published: February 2013

The notion of ring endomorphisms having large images is introduced. Among others, injectivity and surjectivity of such endomorphisms are studied. It is proved, in particular, that an endomorphism σ of a prime one-sided noetherian ringRis injective whenever the image σ(R) contains an essential left idealLofR. If, in addition, σ(L)=L, then σ is an automorphism ofR. Examples showing that the assumptions imposed onRcannot be weakened toRbeing a prime left Goldie ring are provided. Two open questions are formulated.
GENERATORS OF THE EISENSTEIN–PICARD MODULAR GROUP IN THREE COMPLEX DIMENSIONS
Authors: XIE BAOHUA , WANG JIEYAN , JIANG YUEPING
Published: February 2013

Little is known about the generators system of the higher dimensional Picard modular groups. In this paper, we prove that the higher dimensional Eisenstein–Picard modular groupPU(3, 1;ℤ[ω3]) in three complex dimensions can be generated by four given transformations.
2-LOCAL DERIVATIONS ON SEMI-FINITE VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS
Authors: AYUPOV SHAVKAT , ARZIKULOV FARKHAD
Published: February 2013

In the present paper we prove that every 2-local derivation on a semi-finite von Neumann algebra is a derivation.
Ulfila's Own Conversion
Authors: Sivan Hagith
Published: February 2013

Ulfila the Goth (ca. 310–383) has gained fame as the Arian apostle to his people. More accurately, he was responsible for the conversion of semi-Arianism during the 340s. Yet two distinct traditions exist regarding Ulfila's own religious formation. One is an Arianized version of his life in the reports of Philostorgius and Auxentius, which claims Ulfila as an Arian from birth. The other, a Nicene version gleaned from the works of Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret, asserts that Ulfila “converted” from Nicene orthodoxy to Arianism sometime between 360 and 376. How compelling is either biography? If, moreover, Ulfila had remained loyal to Nicene doctrines until at least 360, to what had he converted the Goths in the 340s?
Sustaining livelihoods around community forests. What is the potential contribution of wildlife domestication?
Authors: Buchenrieder Gertrud , Balgah Roland Azibo
Published: February 2013

Community forest management is often advanced as a remedy for failing top-down approaches to nature conservation. Contingent on the property rights theory, it assumes that local participation in natural resource management results in sustainable structures. There is, however, insufficient empirical evidence on the intra-community dynamics – especially when households have unequal access to the local institutions managing the natural resource. This paper looks at the socio-cultural, economic and institutional situation of households with and without access to management institutions in communities around the Kilum-Ijim Mountain Forest in Cameroon and analyses whether livelihood differences are associated with variations in management patterns. The analysis reveals differences by household type and a mixed picture of the evolution of species in the community forests over time, questioning the role of the community in natural resource conservation. Furthermore, the paper discusses the potentials of wildlife domestication for livelihoods and conservation in forest communities. The results are important in the light of ongoing conservation efforts in natural resource hot-spots in sub-Saharan Africa.
Comparing sampling strategies for surf-zone fish communities
Authors: Monteiro-Neto Cassiano , Prestrelo Luana
Published: February 2013

Beach seining is used for capturing surf-zone fishes for scientific or fishery purposes. Sampling gear and different sampling approaches pose difficulties for comparative analyses. We compared parallel tows (PT) and beach hauls (BH) using the same beach seine, observing differences in species number (SPUA = number of species m–2), total and relative abundance (CPUA = number of individuals m–2) and average size. ANOVA and PERMANOVA showed that both the number of species and abundance were significantly different between sampling approaches and seasons, with higher values for BH. Most abundant Umbrina coroides showed significant interactions with higher CPUA for PT in summer and Diplodus argenteus for BH from winter to summer. Harengula clupeola and Trachinotus carolinus showed significant differences between sampling strategy with BH capturing more individuals. Trachinotus carolinus and Sardinella brasiliensis both showed differences between seasons with higher CPUA in the summer and autumn respectively. Results suggest that catch structure and composition differ between sampling strategies, but a seasonal component associated with recruitment of one or more species also influenced the catch. The PT appears to be more effective but time consuming. The BH may be an alternative method, but results may not be comparable.
Chlorophyll a and nutrient distribution around seamounts and islands of the tropical south-western Atlantic
Authors: Sampaio de Souza Christiane , Guimarães da Luz Joana Angélica , Macedo Silvio , Montes Manuel de Jesus Flores , Mafalda Paulo
Published: February 2013

Data collected on two large-scale surveys around the seamounts and islands off north-eastern Brazil during 1997 and 1998 provided information on the distribution of Chlorophyll a and inorganic nutrients. During both surveys, the concentrations of Chlorophyll a and nutrients were highly patchy. The highest measurement of Chlorophyll a was 3.91 µg L–1 during 1997. A wide range of nutrient concentrations were found, from undetectable values to a maximum of 17.52 µm L–1 (Si), 1.37 µm L–1 (PO4), 10.02 µm L–1 (NO3) and 0.72 µm L–1 (NO2). In 1998, concentrations of Chlorophyll a and nutrients (nitrite and nitrate) were far more uniform, with Chlorophyll a concentrations lower and phosphate concentrations generally higher than in 1997. Topography–flow interaction on thermohaline structures was observed around Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago and in the Fernando de Noronha Chain, creating a patchy pattern around the island and seamounts. Nutrients exhibited an inverse linear relationship with temperature and salinity and an exponential decay relationship with Chlorophyll a.
Assessing the intrinsic resilience of a particularly fast-growing teleost prey species (red cod, Pseudophycis bachus)
Authors: Kemp Jodie , Jenkins Gregory P. , Swearer Stephen E.
Published: February 2013

Understanding the life-history parameters that influence productivity is important in assessing the intrinsic resilience of a species to exploitation. The life-history characteristics of red cod, Pseudophycis bachus, were investigated to assess the intrinsic resilience of this important prey species to increased predation pressure by a range of high trophic-level predators. Red cod has a particularly short longevity; in Australian shelf waters it is uncommon to encounter individuals older than 2+ years. There are few shelf-water species that exhibit the rapid rate of growth that was observed where females and males attained ~300-mm total length in the first year. A particularly rapid growth rate, and a reproductive strategy characterised by early maturity and high fecundity, suggests that the species is relatively resilient. However, red cod is short lived, which exposes populations to large shifts in biomass. Harvesting of this species by predators, particularly during years of poor recruitment, may be significant in shaping the dynamics of red cod populations.
“I’m your hero? Like me?”
Authors: Dame Avery
Published: February 2013

The issue of “expertise,” while not always termed as such, has long sat at the center of much trans theory. Initially held only by medical authorities, transgender expertise has shifted alongside changes in cultural attitudes and diagnosis models: transgender individuals now often find themselves conversationally positioned as “expert” on the phenomenological experience of being transgender — even if they do not willingly take on that social role. This article considers, first, the role of the trans speaker as expert, and second, the use of expert discourse or expertness (Nguyen 2006) by trans male video bloggers (vloggers) on YouTube. As highly public individuals, these vloggers strategically assume the expert role to correct viewer “misbehavior.” In their talk, vloggers utilize a specific mode of recipient design, advice-giving, to focus attention on viewers’ lack of knowledge and away from the vlogger’s subjective experience. If successful, their talk forecloses on the possibility of further viewer challenges.
Quiero para mi novio
Authors: Velázquez-Castillo Maura , Henderson Mary Hudgens
Published: February 2013

There is an extensive bibliography on the meanings of the Spanish preposition para but very little has been done to address the different traits that this form acquires in contact varieties of Spanish. Paraguayan Spanish exhibits a high incidence of an innovative use of the preposition para that has been attributed to contact with Guaraní: the ‘anticipated possession’ construction, which has similar characteristics to the Guaraní marker of prospective aspect -rã. Comparative data confirm the existence of a close correspondence between this innovative extension of para and the uses of -rã. We propose a process of grammatical replication (Heine & Kuteva 2005) by which para has acquired an aspectual function not evident in Standard Spanish. We show that the semantic and grammatical shift is motivated by specific intersecting semantic components of para and its Guaraní counterpart. We trace the path of grammaticalization from minor incipient uses to systemic contact-induced change, whereby para discards its prepositive function in favor of an overt representation of an aspectual role.
BioJS: an open source JavaScript framework for biological data visualization
Authors: Gómez John , García Leyla J. , Salazar Gustavo A. , Villaveces Jose , Gore Swanand , García Alexander , Martín Maria J. , Launay Guillaume , Alcántara Rafael , del-Toro Noemi , Dumousseau Marine , Orchard Sandra , Velankar Sameer , Hermjakob Henning , Zong Chenggong , Ping Peipei , Corpas Manuel , Jiménez Rafael C.
Published: February 2013

Summary: BioJS is an open-source project whose main objective is the visualization of biological data in JavaScript. BioJS provides an easy-to-use consistent framework for bioinformatics application programmers. It follows a community-driven standard specification that includes a collection of components purposely designed to require a very simple configuration and installation. In addition to the programming framework, BioJS provides a centralized repository of components available for reutilization by the bioinformatics community.

Availability and implementation:  http://code.google.com/p/biojs/.

Contact:  rafael@ebi.ac.uk

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Uncoupling protein‐2 gene polymorphisms are associated with obesity in Hungarian children
Authors: Csernus K , Pauler G , Erhardt E , Lanyi E , Molnar D
Published: February 2013

Aim

To determine the frequency of common polymorphisms of genes associated with energy metabolism among normal weight and overweight/obese children to look for effects on childhood obesity.

Methods

Among 709 overweight/obese and 637 normal weight children (age 6–17 years), anthropometric measurements were carried out and genotyping for the following gene polymorphisms: β3‐adrenoreceptor Trp64Arg, uncoupling protein (UCP) ‐1 –3826 A/G, UCP‐2 –866 G/A and exon 8 del/ins, UCP‐3 –55 C/T and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ Pro12Ala.

Results

On multivariate regression analysis adjusted for age and gender heterozygosity and homozygosity for the UCP‐2 –866 A variant was associated with an odds ratio (OR) for obesity of 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52–0.92; p = 0.013) and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.32–0.79; p = 0.003), respectively, compared with G/G homozygotes. Heterozygotes and homozygotes for the UCP‐2 exon 8 ins allele had an OR for obesity of 1.66 (95% CI: 1.24–2.23; p = 0.001) and 2.12 (95% CI: 1.23–3.63; p = 0.006), respectively, compared with del/del homozygotes. There were no significant differences in obesity risk in association with the other examined gene polymorphisms.

Conclusion

Common polymorphisms of the UCP‐2 gene might influence the propensity to overweight/obesity in Hungarian children.
Advances in the understanding of Barth syndrome
Authors: Aprikyan Andranik A. , Khuchua Zaza
Published: February 2013

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X‐linked autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neutropenia, cardiomyopathy and growth retardation. BTHS was first described as mitochondrial disease affecting neutrophils as well as cardiac and skeletal muscles. Patients with neutropenia may have extremely low levels of circulating neutrophils and suffer from recurring sometimes life‐threatening bacterial infections. Sepsis is not infrequent, may occur unexpectedly in a patient with no history for pronounced bacterial infections and may lead to death. The reduced level of circulating neutrophils suggests either a reduced production of myeloid cells in the bone marrow and premature apoptosis or aberrant clearance of neutrophils in peripheral blood. The underlying molecular defects are truncation, deletion or substitution mutations in the TAZ gene that appear to result in loss‐of‐function of the gene product tafazzin. Molecular mechanisms triggering neutropenia and cardiomyopathy in BTHS remain largely unclear. The current review focusses on recent advances in the understanding of molecular and cellular bases of neutropenia in Barth syndrome and covers the functional implications of the TAZ mutations, experimental models for neutropenia, the specific cellular abnormalities triggered by loss of TAZ function and potential novel therapeutic strategies for restoring the normal phenotype.
Variants of RhD – current testing and clinical consequences
Authors: Daniels Geoff
Published: February 2013

Anti‐D (‐RH1) of the Rh blood group system is clinically important as it causes haemolytic transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Although most people are either D+ or D−, there is a plethora of D variants, often categorized as either weak D or partial D. These two types are inadequately defined and the dichotomy is potentially misleading. DVI is the D variant most commonly associated with anti‐D production and UK guidelines recommend that patients are tested with anti‐D reagents that do not react with DVI. Weak D types 1, 2, and 3 are seldom, if ever, associated with alloanti‐D production, so a policy recommendation would be to treat patients with those D variants as D+, to preserve D− stocks, whereas patients with all other D variants would be treated as D−. All donors with D variant red cells, including DVI, should be treated as D+.
Individualization of tacrolimus dosage basing on cytochrome P450 3A5 polymorphism – a prospective, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Chen Si‐Yang , Li Jia‐Li , Meng Fan‐Hang , Wang Xue‐Ding , Liu Tao , Li Jun , Liu Long‐Shan , Fu Qian , Huang Min , Wang Chang‐Xi
Published: February 2013

We investigated how cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 polymorphism affects pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and its interaction with diltiazem in Chinese kidney transplant recipients. Sixty‐two CYP3A5 expressers and 58 non‐expressers were, respectively, randomized to receive diltiazem supplement or not. Their pharmacokinetic profiles were acquired on 14th day, sixth month, and 18th month post‐transplant and compared among groups. A dosing equation was fit based on above data with CYP3A5 genotype and diltiazem co‐administration as variables. Then, necessary initial doses with or without diltiazem were calculated and used in 11 CYP3A5 expressers, respectively, when another 11 expressers received routine doses as control. Trough concentration was measured on the third‐day post‐transplant and patients failed to reach target range were presented in percentage. These two parameters were compared among three groups. Patients were followed up until June 2010, kidney function, biopsy‐proved acute rejection, and other adverse events were monitored. Results showed that CYP3A5 expressers needed more tacrolimus to reach therapeutic concentration window and were more susceptible to diltiazem‐induced concentration increase than CYP3A5 non‐expressers. CYP3A5 polymorphism‐guided dosing equation helped to determine appropriate initial doses of tacrolimus in individuals. In conclusion, CYP3A5 polymorphism profoundly influences pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus and helps to individualize tacrolimus dose.
Relaxin‐3 innervation of the intergeniculate leaflet of the rat thalamus – neuronal tract‐tracing and in vitro electrophysiological studies
Authors: Blasiak Anna , Blasiak Tomasz , Lewandowski Marian H. , Hossain Mohammed Akhter , Wade John D. , Gundlach Andrew L.
Published: February 2013

Behavioural state is controlled by a range of neural systems that are sensitive to internal and external stimuli. The relaxin‐3 and relaxin family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3) system has emerged as a putative ascending arousal network with putative involvement in regulation of stress responses, neuroendocrine control, feeding and metabolism, circadian activity and cognition. Relaxin‐3/γ‐aminobutyric acid neuron populations have been identified in the nucleus incertus, pontine raphe nucleus, periaqueductal grey (PAG) and an area dorsal to the substantia nigra. Relaxin‐3‐positive fibres/terminals densely innervate arousal‐related structures in the brainstem, hypothalamus and limbic forebrain, but the functional significance of the heterogeneous relaxin‐3 neuron distribution and its inputs to specific brain areas are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we used neuronal tract‐tracing and immunofluorescence staining to explore the source of the dense relaxin‐3 innervation of the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) of the thalamus, a component of the neural circadian timing system. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that relaxin‐3‐positive neurons retrogradely labelled from the IGL were predominantly present in the PAG and these neurons expressed corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor‐like immunoreactivity. Subsequently, whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings revealed heterogeneous effects of RXFP3 activation in the IGL by the RXFP3 agonist, relaxin‐3 B‐chain/insulin‐like peptide‐5 A‐chain (R3/I5). Identified, neuropeptide Y‐positive IGL neurons, known to influence suprachiasmatic nucleus activity, were excited by R3/I5, whereas neurons of unidentified neurotransmitter content were either depolarized or displayed a decrease in action potential firing and/or membrane potential hyperpolarization. Our data identify a PAG to IGL relaxin‐3/RXFP3 pathway that might convey stress‐related information to key elements of the circadian system and influence behavioural state rhythmicity.
Structure of the extracellular domains of human and Xenopus Fn14: implications in the evolution of TWEAK and Fn14 interactions
Authors: Pellegrini Maria , Willen Laure , Perroud Mai , Krushinskie Dennis , Strauch Kathy , Cuervo Hernan , Day Eric S. , Schneider Pascal , Zheng Timothy S.
Published: February 2013

TWEAK (TNF homologue with weak apoptosis‐inducing activity) and Fn14 (fibroblast growth factor‐inducible protein 14) are members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand and receptor super‐families. Having observed that Xenopus Fn14 cross‐reacts with human TWEAK, despite its relatively low sequence homology to human Fn14, we examined the conservation in tertiary fold and binding interfaces between the two species. Our results, combining NMR solution structure determination, binding assays, extensive site‐directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling, reveal that, in addition to the known and previously characterized β−hairpin motif, the helix‐loop‐helix motif makes an essential contribution to the receptor/ligand binding interface. We further discuss the insight provided by the structural analyses regarding how the cysteine‐rich domains of the TNF receptor super‐family may have evolved over time.

Database

Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank/BioMagResBank databases under the accession codes 2KMZ, 2KN0 and 2KN1 and 17237, 17247 and 17252.

Structured digital abstract

TWEAK binds to hFn14 by surface plasmon resonance (View interaction)

xeFn14 binds to TWEAK by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (View interaction)

TWEAK binds to xeFn14 by surface plasmon resonance (View interaction)

hFn14 binds to TWEAK by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (View interaction)
PERSPECTIVES ON DEATH, DYING AND ADVANCE CARE PLANNING FROM PATIENTS RECEIVING HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Collins May , Lehane Elaine
Published: February 2013

Background

The illness trajectory of End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) is not linear therefore it can be difficult for practitioners to know when end‐of‐life care begins. Advance care planning (ACP) allows patients to take part in decision making, however much of the research conducted stems from North America and Canada where individuals have experience of ACP. The aim of the study was to determine the views of Irish patients receiving haemodialysis, on death, dying and ACP.

Methods

A quantitative, descriptive design was used with a convenience sample of 50 patients. Data were collected by means of a researcher administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics.

Findings

The majority of participants were comfortable talking about death, but not necessarily among family, with most desiring medical interventions to prolong life. The control of pain and other symptoms, being physically comfortable and being at peace spiritually were the most important issues at end of life.

Conclusion

This study provides an insight into what is important to patients in relation to death, dying and advance care planning.
THE IMPACT OF NURSE‐LED EDUCATION ON HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS' PHOSPHATE BINDER MEDICATION ADHERENCE
Authors: Sandlin Kimberly , Bennett Paul N , Ockerby Cherene , Corradini Ann‐Marie
Published: February 2013

Background

Phosphate binder medication adherence is required to maintain optimal phosphate levels and minimise bone disease in people with end stage kidney disease.

Objectives

To examine the impact of a nurse‐led education intervention on bone disorder markers, adherence to phosphate binder medication and medication knowledge.

Design

Descriptive study with a paired pre–post intervention survey.

Participants

Adults receiving haemodialysis.

Methods

Twelve‐week intervention where patients self‐administered their phosphate binder medication at each dialysis treatment. Nurses provided individualised education. Patients completed a pre‐ and post‐intervention survey designed to explore their knowledge of phosphate binders.

Results

There were no statistically significant changes in clinical markers but a significant improvement in the proportion of patients who took their phosphate binder correctly, increasing from 44 to 72% (p = 0.016). There were moderate to large effect size changes for improved knowledge.

Conclusions

A nurse‐led intervention education programme can increase patients' phosphate binder adherence. However, this does not necessarily manifest into improved serum phosphate levels.
EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION ON MALNUTRITION INDICATORS IN PATIENTS ON HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Roy Linda Grace , Shetty Manjunath S. , Urooj Asna
Published: February 2013

Objective

To formulate a nutrient supplement using low cost, commonly available food ingredients and test its efficacy on various nutritional parameters in haemodialysis (HD) subjects.

Design

Prospective intervention study.

Subjects

15 subjects who did not have diabetes were recruited for the study. The subjects served as self controls.

Approach

The subjects received a multi‐nutrient formulation for a period of 3 months. Somatic status [weight, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), mid upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC), waist and hip measurements], biochemical parameters [blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total iron binding capacity (TIBC),serum levels of creatinine, albumin, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and high sensitive C‐reactive protein(HsCRP)], dietary intake and malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) were assessed.

Results

Significant increments (P ≤ 0.01) in anthropometric measurements. Significant increases (P ≤ 0.01) in Hb, BUN, serum creatinine, albumin and total protein and a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.01) in HsCRP and MIS were observed at the end of the study. An increase in baseline food/nutrient intake was also observed.

Conclusion

Nutritional supplementation designed for haemodialysis, improved their nutritional status in the short term study.