bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel CuFeS2 pellet behaves like a portable signal transporting network: studies of immittance
Authors: Layek Animesh , Dey Arka , Datta Joydeep , Das Mrinmay , Ray Partha Pratim
Published: April 2015

The immittance spectra and Nyquist plots represent the a.c. response of the CuFeS2 pellet.
An efficient gold nanocarrier for combined chemo-photodynamic therapy on tumour cells
Authors: Li Hongmei , Li Zhen , Liu Lixiang , Lu Tao , Wang Yue
Published: April 2015

A multimodal Au@mSiO2 nanocarrier in which AuNPs act as PDT-assistor cores and mesoporous silica shells as supporters to load two drugs.
Influence of spacer length and rigidity on properties of phosphonium polymers and on their supramolecular assembly with a conjugated polyelectrolyte
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Conrad Catherine A. , Wan Wang , Bedford Monte S. , Hu Longyu , Chumanov George , Smith Rhett C.
Published: April 2015

A series of seven cationic polymers have been prepared wherein the length of spacer between charge-bearing sites has been varied.
Emerging antitumor applications of extracellularly reengineered polymeric nanocarriers
Authors: Chen Jinjin , Ding Jianxun , Xiao Chunsheng , Zhuang Xiuli , Chen Xuesi
Published: April 2015

The review gives a comprehensive summary and preliminary forecast of the extracellularly stimuli-mediated shell-sheddable polymeric nanocarriers for antitumor applications.
Near-infrared light-triggered drug release nanogels for combined photothermal-chemotherapy of cancer
Authors: Zan Minghui , Li Junjie , Huang Mingming , Lin Shanqing , Luo Dan , Luo Shizhong , Ge Zhishen
Published: April 2015

Near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered drug release polymeric nanogels were fabricated based on host–guest interaction and were explored to encapsulate indocyanine green (ICG) and doxorubicin (DOX) for combined photothermal-chemotherapy of cancer.
Synthesis and self-assembly behavior of POSS-embedded hyperbranched polymers
Authors: Li Dawei , Niu Yuguang , Yang Yanyu , Wang Xing , Yang Fei , Shen Hong , Wu Decheng
Published: April 2015

We demonstrate a simple approach to prepare POSS-embedded hyperbranched amphiphiles, presenting morphological transition from micelle to vesicle in aqueous solution.
A simple base-mediated synthesis of diverse functionalized ring-fluorinated 4H-pyrans via double direct C–F substitutions
Authors: Yang Jieru , Mao Ao , Yue Zhenting , Zhu Wenxuan , Luo Xuewei , Zhu Chuwei , Xiao Yuanjing , Zhang Junliang
Published: April 2015

A simple base-mediated synthesis of diverse substituted ring-fluorinated 4H-pyrans (monofluorinated 4H-pyrans) from trifluoromethylated alkenes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was developed.
Morphological tuning via structural modulations in AIE luminogens with the minimum number of possible variables and their use in live cell imaging
Authors: Singh Roop Shikha , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Paitandi Rajendra Prasad , Dubey Mrigendra , Sharma Gunjan , Koch Biplob , Pandey Daya Shankar
Published: April 2015

We present three novel AIE luminogens based on a quinoline–BODIPY platform with strategic tuning of the morphology and optical properties of the nanoaggregates.
Formation mechanism of magnetic–plasmonic Ag@FeCo@Ag core–shell–shell nanoparticles: fact is more interesting than fiction
Authors: Takahashi Mari , Higashimine Koichi , Mohan Priyank , Mott Derrick M. , Maenosono Shinya
Published: April 2015

The formation mechanism of Ag@FeCo@Ag core–shell–shell nanoparticles which are synthesized by the combination of a multi-step hot injection method and a polyol method was investigated by comparing several different derivative NPs such as Ag@FeCo, Ag@Co, Ag@Fe and FeCo NPs.
Structural evolution of Ag–Cu nano-alloys confined between AlN nano-layers upon fast heating
Authors: Janczak-Rusch J. , Chiodi M. , Cancellieri C. , Moszner F. , Hauert R. , Pigozzi G. , Jeurgens L. P. H.
Published: April 2015

The paper presents a first comprehensive experimental investigation of the structural evolution of eutectic Ag–Cu nano-alloys, as confined between inert AlN barriers in a nano-multilayered configuration, upon fast heating.
Theoretical studies on the absorption spectra of cis-[Ru(4,4′-COO-2,2′-bpy)2(X)2]4−, (X = NCS, Cl) and panchromatic trans-terpyridyl Ru complexes including strong spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Mishima Kenji , Kinoshita Takumi , Hayashi Michitoshi , Jono Ryota , Segawa Hiroshi , Yamashita Koichi , Lin Sheng Hsien
Published: April 2015

TD-DFT formalism including spin–orbit coupling termed as first-order perturbation can reproduce the long-wavelength edge of the DX1 dye molecule.
A new schematic for poly(3-alkylthiophene) in an amorphous film studied using a novel structural index in infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Shioya N. , Shimoaka T. , Eda K. , Hasegawa T.
Published: April 2015

The molecular structure of poly(3-alkylthiophene-2,5-diyl) in an amorphous film reveals that the short axis of the thiophene ring is parallel to the substrate, whereas the long axis along the polymer chain is largely disordered. This is unveiled by infrared p-polarized multiple-angle incidence resolution spectroscopy.
NANOGOLD decorated by pHLIP peptide: comparative force field study
Authors: Kyrychenko A.
Published: April 2015

Structure of Au135 nanoparticle functionalized by pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) compared by MD simulations based on six popular biomolecular force fields, suggesting OPLS-AA and CHARMM36 as a tool of choice for the computational studies of NANOGOLD–peptide interactions.
Nonseparable exchange–correlation functional for molecules, including homogeneous catalysis involving transition metals
Authors: Yu Haoyu S. , Zhang Wenjing , Verma Pragya , He Xiao , Truhlar Donald G.
Published: April 2015

A gradient approximation, GAM, to the exchange–correlation functional of Kohn–Sham theory with broad performance for metal and nonmetal bond energies and weak interactions is reported.
Miniaturization of a micro-optics array for highly sensitive and parallel detection on an injection moulded lab-on-a-chip
Authors: Hung Tran Quang , Sun Yi , Poulsen Carl Esben , Linh-Quyen Than , Chin Wai Hoe , Bang Dang Duong , Wolff Anders
Published: April 2015

We developed a lab-on-a-chip system integrating miniaturized micro-optic SAF arrays within microfluidic chambers for high sensitivity and multiplexed detection of fluorescent molecules.
Application of a functionalized mesoporous silica catalyst to the synthesis of tetrazoles
Authors: Najafi Chermahini Alireza , Khani Omran Masoud , Dabbagh Hossein A. , Mohammadnezhad Gholamhossein , Teimouri Abbas
Published: April 2015

Highly ordered MCM-41 was synthesized and functionalized with benzylic groups. The solid catalyst was used in the synthesis of aryl tetrazoles.
Synthesis of hierarchical nickel anchored on Fe3O4@SiO2and its successful utilization to remove the abundant proteins (BHb) in bovine blood
Authors: Wang Yongtao , Zhang Min , Wang Linlin , Li Weizhen , Zheng Jing , Xu Jingli
Published: April 2015

The synthesis of hierarchical nickel anchored on Fe3O4@SiO2and their successful utilization to remove the abundant proteins (BHb) in bovine blood have been demonstrated.
Correction: Up/down conversion luminescence properties of (Na0.5Gd0.5)MoO4:Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb/Er, Yb/Tm, and Yb/Ho) microstructures: synthesis, morphology, structural and magnetic investigation
Authors: Krishnan Rajagopalan , Thirumalai Jagannathan
Published: April 2015

Correction for ‘Up/down conversion luminescence properties of (Na0.5Gd0.5)MoO4:Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb/Er, Yb/Tm, and Yb/Ho) microstructures: synthesis, morphology, structural and magnetic investigation’ by Rajagopalan Krishnan et al., New J. Chem., 2014, 38, 3480–3491.
Heteroatom-substituted tetra(3,4-pyrido)porphyrazines: a stride toward near-infrared-absorbing macrocycles
Authors: Vachova Lenka , Machacek Miloslav , Kučera Radim , Demuth Jiri , Cermak Pavel , Kopecky Kamil , Miletin Miroslav , Jedlickova Adela , Simunek Tomas , Novakova Veronika , Zimcik Petr
Published: April 2015

Synthesis and photophysical properties are reported for substituted tetra(3,4-pyrido)porphyrazines that absorb light as far as at 800 nm.
A potentiometric biosensing system based on an isolated degrading bacterium Klebsiella sp. MP-6 for the determination of methyl parathion
Authors: Geng Fangfang , Ding Jiawang , Jia Cuiying , Ding Baojun , Qin Wei
Published: April 2015

A potentiometric system for methyl parathion using bacterial cells as bioreceptors and an anion-sensitive electrode as a transducer is described.
Structures and luminescence properties of diethyldithiocarbamate-bridged polynuclear gold(i) cluster complexes with diphosphine/triphosphine
Authors: Li Jia , Zhu Xiao-Feng , Zhang Li-Yi , Chen Zhong-Ning
Published: April 2015

Et2dtc-linked polynuclear gold(i) complexes modulated structurally through alternation of phosphine ligands exhibit intense solid-state photoluminescence and intriguing thermochromism.
Balanced strength and ductility improvement of in situ crosslinked polylactide/poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) blends
Authors: Bao Rui-Ying , Jiang Wen-Rou , Liu Zheng-Ying , Yang Wei , Xie Bang-Hu , Yang Ming-Bo
Published: April 2015

Polylactide/poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) (PLA/PETG) blends with balanced strength and ductility improvement were achieved by crosslinking of PLA matrix and interfacial compatibilization via reactive melt blending.
Synthesis of a hierarchical SiO2/Au/CeO2 rod-like nanostructure for high catalytic activity and recyclability
Authors: Xu Yuanmei , Zhang Yiwei , Zhou Yuming , Zhang Zewu , Xiang Sanming , Sheng Xiaoli , Wang Qianli , Zhang Chao
Published: April 2015

Uniform hierarchical SiO2/Au/CeO2 rod-like nanostructures were successfully fabricated by combining three individual synthesis steps, in which sub-5 nm gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were coated with a mesoporous CeO2 shell.
Domain expansion dynamics in stratifying foam films: experiments
Authors: Zhang Yiran , Sharma Vivek
Published: April 2015

Thin liquid films containing micelles exhibit step-wise thinning or stratification, which causes a thickness-dependent variation in reflected light, visualized as soapy shades of grey. Stratification proceeds through emergence and growth of thinner, darker domains. We show that the domain expansion dynamics exhibits two distinct growth regimes.
Solvent-driven temperature memory and multiple shape memory effects
Authors: Xiao Rui , Guo Jingkai , Safranski David L. , Nguyen Thao D.
Published: April 2015

Programmed Nafion specimens can achieve multi-staged shape recovery in multiple solvents.
Carbothermal synthesis of metal-functionalized nanostructures for energy and environmental applications
Authors: Shen Yafei
Published: April 2015

Carbothermal reduction could be employed as a facile technology for the synthesis of various novel materials, especially transition-metal-functionalized nanostructures.
High thermoelectric and mechanical performance in highly dense Cu2−xS bulks prepared by a melt-solidification technique
Authors: Zhao Lanling , Wang Xiaolin , Fei Frank Yun , Wang Jiyang , Cheng Zhenxiang , Dou Shixue , Wang Jun , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: April 2015

Highly dense Cu2−xS bulks, fabricated by a melt-solidification technique, show high thermoelectric performance withzTof ∼1.9 at 970 K.
Hierarchical Si hydrogel architecture with conductive polyaniline channels on sulfonated-graphene for high-performance Li ion battery anodes having a robust cycle life
Authors: Oh Hyeong Sub , Jeong Hyung Mo , Park Jung Hyo , Ock Il-Woo , Kang Jeung Ku
Published: April 2015

A hierarchical Si hydrogel architecture with conductive polyaniline channels on sulfonated-graphene gives high capacity, in addition to excellent capacity retention and robust cycle life.
Oxygen-enriched electrolytes based on perfluorochemicals for high-capacity lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Nishikami Yuki , Konishi Toshihiro , Omoda Ryo , Aihara Yuichi , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki
Published: April 2015

Enhanced discharging capacity of a Li–O2 cell was accomplished by using an electrolyte containing high amounts of dissolved oxygen composed of perfluorochemicals (PFCs).
Carbon nanotube uptake changes the biomechanical properties of human lung epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner
Authors: Dong Chenbo , Eldawud Reem , Sargent Linda M. , Kashon Michael L. , Lowry David , Rojanasakul Yon , Zoica Dinu Cerasela
Published: April 2015

The toxicity of engineered nanomaterials in biological systems depends on both the nanomaterial properties and the exposure duration.
Distinct higher-order α-synuclein oligomers induce intracellular aggregation
Authors: Illes-Toth Eva , Ramos Mafalda Ribeiro , Cappai Roberto , Dalton Caroline , Smith David P
Published: April 2015

Misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into Lewy bodies is associated with a range of neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn pathology has been linked to soluble amyloid oligomer populations that precede Lewy body formation. Oligomers produced in vitro under certain conditions have been demonstrated to induce intracellular aggregation in cell culture models. In the present study, we characterize, by ESI–ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)–MS, a specific population of α-syn oligomers. These MS-compatible oligomers were compared with oligomers with known seeding and pore-forming capabilities and were shown to have the ability to induce intracellular aggregation. Each oligomer type was shown to have distinct epitope profiles that correlated with their toxic gain-of-function. Structurally, the MS compatible oligomers populated a range of species from dimers through to hexamers. Lower-order oligomers were structurally diverse and consistent with unstructured assemblies. Higher-order oligomers were shown to be compact with ring-like structures. The observation of this compact state may explain how this natively disordered protein is able to transfer pathology from cell to cell and avoid degradation by cellular proteases.
Activation of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) underlies platelet activation by diesel exhaust particles and other charged/hydrophobic ligands
Authors: Alshehri Osama M. , Montague Samantha , Watson Stephanie , Carter Paul , Sarker Najiat , Manne Bhanu K. , Miller Jeanette L.C. , Herr Andrew B. , Pollitt Alice Y. , O'Callaghan Chris A. , Kunapuli Satya , Arman Mònica , Hughes Craig E. , Watson Steve P.
Published: April 2015

Platelets are activated by a range of stimuli that share little or no resemblance in structure to each other or to recognized ligands, including diesel exhaust particles (DEP), small peptides [4N1-1, Champs (computed helical anti-membrane proteins), LSARLAF (Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Leu-Ala-Phe)], proteins (histones) and large polysaccharides (fucoidan, dextran sulfate). This miscellaneous group stimulate aggregation of human and mouse platelets through the glycoprotein VI (GPVI)–FcR γ-chain complex and/or C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) as shown using platelets from mice deficient in either or both of these receptors. In addition, all of these ligands stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation in GPVI/CLEC-2-double-deficient platelets, indicating that they bind to additional surface receptors, although only in the case of dextran sulfate does this lead to activation. DEP, fucoidan and dextran sulfate, but not the other agonists, activate GPVI and CLEC-2 in transfected cell lines as shown using a sensitive reporter assay confirming a direct interaction with the two receptors. We conclude that this miscellaneous group of ligands bind to multiple proteins on the cell surface including GPVI and/or CLEC-2, inducing activation. These results have pathophysiological significance in a variety of conditions that involve exposure to activating charged/hydrophobic agents.
Inhibition of PKCβ2 overexpression ameliorates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats via restoring caveolin-3/Akt signaling
Authors: Liu Yanan , Jin Jiqin , Qiao Shigang , Lei Shaoqing , Liao Songyan , Ge Zhi-Dong , Li Haobo , Wong Gordon Tin-chun , Irwin Michael G. , Xia Zhengyuan
Published: April 2015

Activation of PKCβ (protein kinase Cβ) plays a critical role in myocardial I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury in non-diabetic rodents. In the myocardium of diabetes, PKCβ2 overexpression is associated with increased vulnerability to post-ischaemic I/R injury with concomitantly impaired cardiomyocyte Cav (caveolin)-3 and Akt signalling compared with non-diabetic rats. We hypothesized that myocardial PKCβ overexpression in diabetes exacerbates myocardial I/R injury through impairing Cav-3/Akt signalling. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with the selective PKCβ inhibitor ruboxistaurin (RBX, 1 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks, starting from 1 week after diabetes induction, before inducing myocardial I/R achieved by occluding the left descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion. Cardiac function was measured using a pressure–volume conductance system. In an in vitro study, cardiac H9C2 cells were exposed to high glucose (30 mmol/l) and subjected to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation (H/R) in the presence or absence of the selective PKCβ2 inhibitor CGP53353 (1 μmol/l), siRNAs of PKCβ2 or Cav-3 or Akt. Cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) and JC-1 staining respectively. RBX significantly decreased post-ischaemic myocardial infarct size (35±5% compared with 49±3% in control, P<0.05) and attenuated cardiac dysfunction, and prevented the reduction in cardiac Cav-3 and enhanced phosphorylated/activated Akt (p-Akt) in diabetic rats (P<0.05). H/R increased cardiomyocyte injury under high glucose conditions as was evident by increased TUNEL-positive and increased JC-1 monomeric cells (P<0.05 compared with control), accompanied with increased PKCβ2 phosphorylation/activation and decreased Cav-3 expression. Either CGP53353 or PKCβ2 siRNA significantly attenuated all of these changes and enhanced p-Akt. Cav-3 gene knockdown significantly reduced p-Akt and increased post-hypoxic cellular and mitochondrial injury despite a concomitant reduction in PKCβ2 phosphorylation. PKCβ2 inhibition with RBX protects diabetic hearts from myocardial I/R injury through Cav-3-dependent activation of Akt.
Power system load modelling under large and small disturbances using phasor measurement units data
Authors: V. Vignesh , Chakrabarti Saikat , Srivastava Suresh Chandra
Published: April 2015

Load modelling has significant effect on various power system studies. This study presents methodologies for modelling the loads under large as well as small disturbances using the measurements from phasor measurement units. A computationally efficient algorithm to estimate the parameters under small disturbances is presented using linearised model for the loads and eigenvalue sensitivity. An efficient optimisation algorithm is used for fast estimation of the load model parameters. Promising results are obtained from the simulation carried out on a small test system as well as on a practical larger power system, which have been compared with some of the existing methods to establish the superiority of the proposed method (PM) in terms of computational speed and accuracy.
Online re‐dispatching of power systems based on modal sensitivity identification
Authors: Zhang Junbo , Lu Chao , Chung Chi Yung , Men Kun , Tu Liang
Published: April 2015

Sensitivity approach has been widely used for various re‐dispatching problems in power systems. The conventional sensitivity approach depends heavily on the detailed system model hence it suffers from the model bias problem. Existing sensitivity identification methods can indeed release the requirement of the system model, but the commonly‐used constant sensitivity assumption is inconsistent with the actual situation. To solve this problem, this study proposes an online sensitivity identification method with the ability to track the system operating conditions. A general online re‐dispatching procedure integrated with the proposed method is then introduced for various re‐dispatching problems. Since the proposed method is data oriented and is comparable with the model‐based method, it facilitates online implementation of the conventional sensitivity‐based re‐dispatching method. The key issue of the proposed approach, online sensitivity identification, is validated in a two‐area four‐machine system, compared with the conventional model‐based method. Finally, the effectiveness of the whole re‐dispatching procedure is demonstrated in a large complex system, China Southern Grid.
Fully distributed multi‐area economic dispatch method for active distribution networks
Authors: Zheng Weiye , Wu Wenchuan , Zhang Boming , Li Zhigang , Liu Yibing
Published: April 2015

Distributed generators can be integrated in geographically distributed areas and microgrids of active distribution networks (ADNs), and can operate independently. On the basis of the alternating direction method of multipliers, the authors describe an efficient fully distributed algorithm to solve multi‐area economic dispatch problems in ADNs without requiring a central coordinator. The physical interpretation of the distributed algorithm and a proof for its convergence are both given. Network losses are taken into account by exploiting the features of ADNs. Two other popular distributed algorithms, including Lagrangian relaxation and auxiliary problem principle, are also implemented and compared with numerical tests. They discuss numerical results that demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm.
Classifying Generalization: Paradigm War or abuse of Terminology?
Authors: Williams John N , Tsang Eric WK
Published: April 2015

Lee and Baskerville (2003) attempted to clarify the concept of generalization and classify it into four types. In Tsang and Williams (2012) we objected to their account of generalization as well as their classification and offered repairs. Then we proposed a classification of induction, within which we distinguished five types of generalization. In their (2012) rejoinder, they argue that their classification is compatible with ours, claiming that theirs offers a ‘new language.’ Insofar as we resist this ‘new language’ and insofar as they think that our position commits us to positivism and the rejection of interpretivism, they conclude both that our classification is more restrictive than theirs and also that we embrace ‘paradigmatic domination.’ Lee and Baskerville's classification of generalization is based on a distinction between theoretical and empirical statements. Accordingly we will first clarify the terms ‘theoretical statement’ and ‘empirical statement.’ We note that they find no fault with our classification of induction, we restate our main objections to their classification that remain unanswered and we show that their classification of generalizing is in fact incompatible with ours. We argue that their account of generalization retains fatal flaws, which means it should not be relied upon. We demonstrate that our classification is not committed to any paradigm and so we do not embrace ‘paradigmatic domination.’
Freely cooling granular gases with short-ranged attractive potentials
Authors: Murphy Eric , Subramaniam Shankar
Published: April 2015

We treat the case of an undriven gas of inelastic hard-spheres with short-ranged attractive potentials via an extension of the pseudo-Liouville operator formalism. New evolution equations for the granular temperature and coordination number are obtained. The granular temperature exhibits deviation from both Haff’s law and the case of long-ranged potentials. We verify this departure using soft-sphere discrete element method simulations. Excellent agreement is found for the duration of the simulation even beyond where exclusively binary collisions are expected. Simulations show the emergence of strong spatial-velocity correlations on the length scale of the last peak in the pair-correlation function but do not show strong correlations beyond this length scale. We argue that molecular chaos may remain an adequate approximation if the system is modelled as a Smoluchowski type equation with aggregation and break-up processes.
Phase transition and enhanced magneto-dielectric response in BiFeO3-DyMnO3 multiferroics
Authors: Tripathy Satya N. , Pradhan Dhiren K. , Mishra Karuna K. , Sen Shrabanee , Palai Ratnakar , Paulch Marian , Scott James F. , Katiyar Ram S. , Pradhan Dillip K.
Published: April 2015

We report systematic studies on crystal structure and magneto-dielectric properties of (1 − x) BiFeO3-x DyMnO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) nanoceramics synthesized by auto-combustion method. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data indicates a structural transition from R3c to R3c + Pn21a at x = 0.1. Field emission scanning electron micrographs display a decrease in grain size with increase in x. The presence of dielectric anomalies around antiferromagnetic transition temperature implies the magnetoelectric coupling. Dielectric measurements showed decrease in magnetic ordering temperature with increasing x in agreement with differential scanning calorimetry results. A significant increase in magnetization has been found with increasing DyMnO3 substitution. Magneto-impedance spectroscopy reveals a significant change (∼18%) in dielectric permittivity at H = 2 T for x = 0.2.
Linear vs. nonlinear acceleration in plasma turbulence. II. Hall–finite-Larmor-radius magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Ghosh Sanjoy , Parashar Tulasi N.
Published: April 2015

The local k-space ratio of linear and nonlinear accelerations associated with a variety of initial conditions undergoing steady relaxation is investigated for the Hall–finite-Larmor-radius magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) system in the presence of a mean magnetic field. Building on a related study (Paper I) where it was shown that discrepancies exist between describing the global and local characterizations of the pure MHD system with mean magnetic field, we find regions of the Fourier space that are consistently dominated by linear acceleration and other regions that are consistently dominated by nonlinear acceleration, independent of the overall system's description as linear, weakly nonlinear, or turbulent. In general, dynamics within a certain angular range of the mean magnetic field direction are predominantly linear, while dynamics adjacent the Hall scales along the field-parallel direction and dynamics adjacent the finite Larmor radius scales in the field-perpendicular direction can become strongly nonlinear. The nonlinear influences are particularly significant as the plasma beta increases from unity to higher values.
Experimental investigations of driving frequency effect in low-pressure capacitively coupled oxygen discharges
Authors: Liu Jia , Liu Yong-Xin , Liu Gang-Hu , Gao Fei , Wang You-Nian
Published: April 2015

The effect of driving frequency on the electron density is investigated in low-pressure capacitively coupled oxygen plasmas by utilizing a floating hairpin probe. The power absorbed by the plasma is investigated and it is found that the power lost in the matching network can reach 50% or higher under certain conditions. The effect of driving frequency on the electron density is studied from two aspects, i.e., constant absorbed power and electrode voltage. In the former case, the electron density increases with the driving frequency increasing from 13.56 to 40.68 MHz and slightly changes depending on the gas pressures with the frequency further increasing to 100 MHz. In the latter case, the electron density rapidly increases when the driving frequency increases from 13.56 to 40.68 MHz, and then decreases with the frequency further increasing to 100 MHz. The electron series resonance is observed at 40.68 MHz and can be attributed to the higher electron density. And the standing wave effect also plays an important role in increasing electron density at 100 MHz and 2.6 Pa.
Two-dimensional angular energy spectrum of electrons accelerated by the ultra-short relativistic laser pulse
Authors: Borovskiy A. V. , Galkin A. L. , Kalashnikov M. P.
Published: April 2015

The new method of calculating energy spectra of accelerated electrons, based on the parameterization by their initial coordinates, is proposed. The energy spectra of electrons accelerated by Gaussian ultra-short relativistic laser pulse at a selected angle to the axis of the optical system focusing the laser pulse in a low density gas are theoretically calculated. The two-peak structure of the electron energy spectrum is obtained. Discussed are the reasons for its appearance as well as an applicability of other models of the laser field.
Electroosmotic flow hysteresis for dissimilar ionic solutions
Authors: Lim An Eng , Lim Chun Yee , Lam Yee Cheong
Published: April 2015

Electroosmotic flow (EOF) with two or more fluids is commonly encountered in various microfluidics applications. However, no investigation has hitherto been conducted to investigate the hysteretic or flow direction-dependent behavior during the displacement flow of solutions with dissimilar ionic species. In this investigation, electroosmotic displacement flow involving dissimilar ionic solutions was studied experimentally through a current monitoring method and numerically through finite element simulations. The flow hysteresis can be characterized by the turning and displacement times; turning time refers to the abrupt gradient change of current-time curve while displacement time is the time for one solution to completely displace the other solution. Both experimental and simulation results illustrate that the turning and displacement times for a particular solution pair can be directional-dependent, indicating that the flow conditions in the microchannel are not the same in the two different flow directions. The mechanics of EOF hysteresis was elucidated through the theoretical model which includes the ionic mobility of each species, a major governing parameter. Two distinct mechanics have been identified as the causes for the EOF hysteresis involving dissimilar ionic solutions: the widening/sharpening effect of interfacial region between the two solutions and the difference in ion concentration distributions (and thus average zeta potentials) in different flow directions. The outcome of this investigation contributes to the fundamental understanding of flow behavior in microfluidic systems involving solution pair with dissimilar ionic species.
In vivo epidermal UV-A absorbance is induced by sunlight and protects Soldanella alpina leaves from photoinhibition
Authors: Laureau Constance , Meyer Sylvie , Baudin Xavier , Huignard Christophe , Streb Peter
Published: April 2015

Alpine plants like Soldanella alpina L. are subjected to high PAR and high UV radiation. Among the important photoprotective mechanisms that prevent photoinhibition under such conditions, passive optical barriers such as UV-absorbing compounds were investigated. In this study, temporal and spatial patterns of epidermal UV-A absorbance for S. alpina leaves were investigated with a combination of absorbance measurements at 375 nm and imaging methods. UV-A absorbance was highest in plants acclimated to full sunlight and was markedly stable during the leaves’ lifetime. UV-A absorbance was correlated with leaf structure (leaf mass per area ratio, density of epidermal cells and stomata) and biochemical features such as chlorophyll and carotenoid content and ratio, which are characteristics of light acclimation. UV-A-absorbing compounds were mainly localised in the epidermal vacuoles and trichomes. Leaves with low UV-A absorbance were significantly more photosensitive than leaves with high UV-A absorbance. However, the epidermal UV-A absorbance increased in low-absorbance leaves under full sunlight even in the absence of UV radiation. Results suggest that high epidermal UV-A absorbance protects S. alpina leaves from photoinactivation, which is especially important after snowmelt, when plants are suddenly exposed to full sunlight.
Structural characterization of toxic oligomers that are kinetically trapped during α-synuclein fibril formation
Authors: Chen Serene W. , Drakulic Srdja , Deas Emma , Ouberai Myriam , Aprile Francesco A. , Arranz Rocío , Ness Samuel , Roodveldt Cintia , Guilliams Tim , De-Genst Erwin J. , Klenerman David , Wood Nicholas W. , Knowles Tuomas P.J. , Alfonso Carlos , Rivas Germán , Abramov Andrey Y. , Valpuesta José María , Dobson Christopher M. , Cremades Nunilo
Published: April 2015

Significance

Certain oligomeric species generated during the self-assembly of specific proteins into ordered fibrillar aggregates are likely to be key players in the initiation and spreading of neurodegenerative diseases. We have purified stable toxic oligomeric species of α-synuclein and defined and minimized their degree of heterogeneity, which has allowed us to identify distinct subgroups of oligomers and determine their structural properties and three-dimensional molecular architectures. All the oligomeric subgroups possess approximately cylindrical architectures with marked similarities to amyloid fibrils, suggesting that these types of oligomers are kinetically trapped during protein self-assembly. The relative stabilities and inherent pathological roles of different amyloid oligomers are likely to result from the multiplicity of pathways of the misfolding process and the remarkably slow rates of structural conversions.
Orality in Persian Argumentative Discourse: A Case Study of Editorials
Authors: Khabbazi-Oskouei Leila
Published: April 2015

Languages have their own distinctive styles of argumentation. It seems some languages like Arabic and Persian have a preference for using the “oral” features of parataxis, formulaicity and repetition as persuasive devices in argumentation. The purpose of this article is first to examine these “oral” characteristics in Persian argumentation, and then to tie together the two areas of research: the study of orality and the study of metadiscourse. The article claims that these oral characteristics in Persian are means of gaining rhetorical effectiveness. Therefore, they should be considered as metadiscourse devices used to create a bond between writer and reader.
Vellus Hair Cyst of the Orbit
Authors: Choi Rene , MacLean Kyle D. , Davidson Hans C. , Patel Bhupendra C. K.
Published: April 2015

Eruptive vellus hair cysts are a developmental abnormality of vellus hair follicles that result in small cystic papules occurring most frequently on the chest and proximal extremities. Lesions of the ocular adnexa are extremely rare, and to the best of the authors knowledge, involvement of the orbit has never been reported. The authors describe a patient with an eruptive vellus hair cyst involving the orbit.
Power of the wingbeat: modelling the effects of flapping wings in vertebrate flight
Authors: Klein Heerenbrink M. , Johansson L. C. , Hedenström A.
Published: April 2015

Animal flight performance has been studied using models developed for man-made aircraft. For an aeroplane with fixed wings, the energetic cost as a function of flight speed can be expressed in terms of weight, wing span, wing area and body area, where more details are included in proportionality coefficients. Flying animals flap their wings to produce thrust. Adopting the fixed wing flight model implicitly incorporates the effects of wing flapping in the coefficients. However, in practice, these effects have been ignored. In this paper, the effects of reciprocating wing motion on the coefficients of the fixed wing aerodynamic power model for forward flight are explicitly formulated in terms of thrust requirement, wingbeat frequency and stroke-plane angle, for optimized wingbeat amplitudes. The expressions are obtained by simulating flights over a large parameter range using an optimal vortex wake method combined with a low-level blade element method. The results imply that previously assumed acceptable values for the induced power factor might be strongly underestimated. The results also show the dependence of profile power on wing kinematics. The expressions introduced in this paper can be used to significantly improve animal flight models.
Instability investigation on fluid-loaded pre-stretched cylindrical membranes
Authors: Patil Amit , Nordmark Arne , Eriksson Anders
Published: April 2015

This paper discusses the evaluation of instabilities on the quasi-static equilibrium path of fluid-loaded pre-stretched cylindrical membranes and the switching to a secondary branch at a bifurcation point. The membrane is represented by only the in-plane stress components, for which an incompressible, isotropic hyperelastic material model is assumed. The free inflation problem yields governing equations and boundary conditions, which are discretized by finite differences and solved by a Newton–Raphson method. An incremental arclength-cubic extrapolation method is used to find generalized equilibrium paths, with different parametrizations. Limit points and bifurcation points are observed on the equilibrium path when fluid level is seen as the controlling parameter. An eigen-mode injection method is employed to switch to a secondary equilibrium branch at the bifurcation point. A limit point with respect to fluid level is observed for a partially filled membrane when the aspect ratio (length/radius) is high, whereas for smaller aspect ratios, the limit point with respect to fluid level is observed at over-filling. Pre-stretch is observed to have a stiffening effect in the pre-limit zone and a softening effect in the post-limit zone.
The bright incubate at night: sexual dichromatism and adaptive incubation division in an open-nesting shorebird
Authors: Ekanayake Kasun B. , Weston Michael A. , Nimmo Dale G. , Maguire Grainne S. , Endler John A. , Küpper Clemens
Published: April 2015

Ornamentation of parents poses a high risk for offspring because it reduces cryptic nest defence. Over a century ago, Wallace proposed that sexual dichromatism enhances crypsis of open-nesting females although subsequent studies found that dichromatism
per se
is not necessarily adaptive. We tested whether reduced female ornamentation in a sexually dichromatic species reduces the risk of clutch depredation and leads to adaptive parental roles in the red-capped plover
Charadrius ruficapillus,
a species with biparental incubation. Males had significantly brighter and redder head coloration than females. During daytime, when visually foraging predators are active, colour-matched model males incurred a higher risk of clutch depredation than females, whereas at night there was no difference in depredation risk between sexes. In turn, red-capped plovers maintained a strongly diurnal/nocturnal division of parental care during incubation, with males attending the nest largely at night when visual predators were inactive and females incubating during the day. We found support for Wallace's conclusion that reduced female ornamentation provides a selective advantage when reproductive success is threatened by visually foraging predators. We conclude that predators may alter their prey's parental care patterns and therefore may affect parental cooperation during care.
The interface between genetics and psychology: lessons from developmental dyslexia
Authors: Bishop D. V. M.
Published: April 2015

Developmental dyslexia runs in families, and twin studies have confirmed that there is a substantial genetic contribution to poor reading. The way in which discoveries in molecular genetics are reported can be misleading, encouraging us to think that there are specific genes that might be used to screen for disorder. However, dyslexia is not a classic Mendelian disorder that is caused by a mutation in a single gene. Rather, like many other common disorders, it appears to involve combined effects of many genes and environmental factors, each of which has a small influence, possibly supplemented by rare variants that have larger effects but apply to only a minority of cases. Furthermore, to see clearer relationships between genotype and phenotype, we may need to move beyond the clinical category of dyslexia to look at underlying cognitive deficits that may be implicated in other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Increasing frequency of low summer precipitation synchronizes dynamics and compromises metapopulation stability in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
Authors: Tack Ayco J. M. , Mononen Tommi , Hanski Ilkka
Published: April 2015

Climate change is known to shift species' geographical ranges, phenologies and abundances, but less is known about other population dynamic consequences. Here, we analyse spatio-temporal dynamics of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) in a network of 4000 dry meadows during 21 years. The results demonstrate two strong, related patterns: the amplitude of year-to-year fluctuations in the size of the metapopulation as a whole has increased, though there is no long-term trend in average abundance; and there is a highly significant increase in the level of spatial synchrony in population dynamics. The increased synchrony cannot be explained by increasing within-year spatial correlation in precipitation, the key environmental driver of population change, or inper capitagrowth rate. On the other hand, the frequency of drought during a critical life-history stage (early larval instars) has increased over the years, which is sufficient to explain the increasing amplitude and the expanding spatial synchrony in metapopulation dynamics. Increased spatial synchrony has the general effect of reducing long-term metapopulation viability even if there is no change in average metapopulation size. This study demonstrates how temporal changes in weather conditions can lead to striking changes in spatio-temporal population dynamics.
Nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at high pressure and low temperature
Authors: Bi Wenli , Zhao Jiyong , Lin Jung-Fu , Jia Quanjie , Hu Michael Y. , Jin Changqing , Ferry Richard , Yang Wenge , Struzhkin Viktor , Alp E. Ercan
Published: April 2015

A new synchrotron radiation experimental capability of coupling nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering with the cryogenically cooled high-pressure diamond anvil cell technique is presented. The new technique permits measurements of phonon density of states at low temperature and high pressure simultaneously, and can be applied to studies of phonon contribution to pressure- and temperature-induced magnetic, superconducting and metal–insulator transitions in resonant isotope-bearing materials. In this report, a pnictide sample, EuFe2As2, is used as an example to demonstrate this new capability at beamline 3-ID of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. A detailed description of the technical development is given. The Fe-specific phonon density of states and magnetism from the Fe sublattice in Eu57Fe2As2at high pressure and low temperature were derived by using this new capability.
Concept of a multichannel spin-resolving electron analyzer based on Mott scattering
Authors: Strocov Vladimir N. , Petrov Vladimir N. , Dil J. Hugo
Published: April 2015

The concept of a multichannel electron spin detector based on optical imaging principles and Mott scattering (iMott) is presented. A multichannel electron image produced by a standard angle-resolving (photo) electron analyzer or microscope is re-imaged by an electrostatic lens at an accelerating voltage of 40 kV onto the Au target. Quasi-elastic electrons bearing spin asymmetry of the Mott scattering are imaged by magnetic lenses onto position-sensitive electron CCDs whose differential signals yield the multichannel spin asymmetry image. Fundamental advantages of this concept include acceptance of inherently divergent electron sources from the electron analyzer or microscope focal plane as well as small aberrations achieved by virtue of high accelerating voltages, as demonstrated by extensive ray-tracing analysis. The efficiency gain compared with the single-channel Mott detector can be a factor of more than 104which opens new prospects of spin-resolved spectroscopies in application not only to standard bulk and surface systems (Rashba effect, topological insulators,etc.) but also to buried heterostructures. The simultaneous spin detection combined with fast CCD readout enables efficient use of the iMott detectors at X-ray free-electron laser facilities.
Demonstration of simultaneous experiments using thin crystal multiplexing at the Linac Coherent Light Source
Authors: Feng Y. , Alonso-Mori R. , Barends T. R. M. , Blank V. D. , Botha S. , Chollet M. , Damiani D. S. , Doak R. B. , Glownia J. M. , Koglin J. M. , Lemke H. T. , Messerschmidt M. , Nass K. , Nelson S. , Schlichting I. , Shoeman R. L. , Shvyd'ko Yu. V. , Sikorski M. , Song S. , Stoupin S. , Terentyev S. , Williams G. J. , Zhu D. , Robert A. , Boutet S.
Published: April 2015

Multiplexing of the Linac Coherent Light Source beam was demonstrated for hard X-rays by spectral division using a near-perfect diamond thin-crystal monochromator operating in the Bragg geometry. The wavefront and coherence properties of both the reflected and transmitted beams were well preserved, thus allowing simultaneous measurements at two separate instruments. In this report, the structure determination of a prototypical protein was performed using serial femtosecond crystallography simultaneously with a femtosecond time-resolved XANES studies of photoexcited spin transition dynamics in an iron spin-crossover system. The results of both experiments using the multiplexed beams are similar to those obtained separately, using a dedicated beam, with no significant differences in quality.
Link education to industrial upgrading: a comparison between South Korea and China
Authors: He Qiaoling
Published: April 2015

Purpose

– Why is the “education to industrial innovation” equation not working in China? Why has education development contributed to South Korea’s success but not promoted technology development and industrial upgrading in China? The purpose of this paper is to compare South Korea and China and try to address that puzzle. The author will also identify which mediating factors are crucial in linking education development to industrial innovation and industrial upgrading.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study will use the historical comparative method to compare South Korea and China. The author will try to explore the differences in education and industrial upgrading in the two countries, and identify which factors are producing different educational development effects, mainly by narrative comparison. Data will mainly come from online databases such as Statistics Korea, the Center on International Education Benchmarking, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, China Education Statistics and the World Bank, as well as from second-hand resources.

Findings

– In summary, this research has revealed that education itself or the production of human capital may not be sufficient conditions for technology innovation or industry upgrading. For human capital to affect industrial upgrading positively, it is not enough for the Chinese government just to invest in education. Other intermediating market and social contexts are crucial too, especially the allocation of resources between the private and the public sectors, and the existence of a proper employment structure.

Originality/value

– The role of education in economic development for the developing world is debated a lot. However, there is little development study research which directly explores the relationship between education and industrial upgrading via macroeconomic analysis. In a globalized world, the situation of international industrial value chains is an important element for sustainable long-term development. Industrial structures and their transformation are becoming more and more important for developing countries. While most past research has treated the absorbing economy’s structure as a condition that determines education’s contribution to development, this paper will treat the industrial structure as the dependent variable, and analyze how education would contribute to the upgrading of industrial structure and, in turn, be of benefit to sustainable economic development.