bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compatibility and safety of five lectin-binding putative probiotic strains for the development of a multi-strain protective culture for poultry
Authors: Babot J.D. , Argañaraz-Martínez E. , Saavedra L. , Apella M.C. , Chaia A. Perez
Published: August 2018

The ban on the use of antibiotics as feed additives for animal growth promotion in the European Union and United States and the expectation of this trend to further expand to other countries in the short term have prompted a surge in probiotic research. Multi-species probiotics including safe and compatible strains with the ability to bind different nutritional lectins with detrimental effects on poultry nutrition could replace antibiotics as feed additives. Lactobacillus salivarius LET201, Lactobacillus reuteri LET210, Enterococcus faecium LET301, Propionibacterium acidipropionici LET103 and Bifidobacterium infantis CRL1395 have proved to be compatible as evaluated through three different approaches: the production and excretion of antimicrobial compounds, growth inhibition by competition for essential nutrients and physical contact, and a combination of both. The safety of P. acidipropionici LET103 was confirmed, since no expression of virulence factors or antibiotic resistance was detected. The innocuity of E. faecium LET301 should be further evaluated, since the presence of genes coding for certain virulence factors (gelE, efaAfm and efaAfs) was observed, albeit no expression of gelE was previously detected for this strain and there are no reports of involvement of efaAfm in animal pathogenicity. Finally, a combination of the five strains effectively protected intestinal epithelial cells of broilers from the cytotoxicity of mixtures of soybean agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a combination of strains is evaluated for their protection against lectins that might be simultaneously present in poultry feeds.
A preliminary study to investigate the prevalence of pain in international event riders during competition, in the United Kingdom
Authors: Lewis V. , Baldwin K.
Published: August 2018

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of riders at the international levels in eventing, competing with pain, the location of their pain, factors affecting their pain and whether they perceived this pain to have an effect on their performance. 331 questionnaires were completed by international event riders (FEI CCI*, CCI**, CIC***) at the Hartpury International Horse Trials, UK, to establish the prevalence of riders competing with pain. 96% of international event riders competed while experiencing pain, 76% of riders stated that this pain was in the neck, upper back or shoulders. All female riders reported pain, giving a significant correlation between gender and pain (X=-0.479, P=0.006). 55% of riders felt their pain affected their riding performance, giving an odds ratio of 1.14, compared to those riders who felt their pain did not effect their performance. Pain was perceived to influence performance by affecting fatigue, their concentration, and anxiety levels. 96% of riders reporting pain used medication to alleviate their symptoms. This high incidence of international event riders who compete with pain, particularly back pain, could be problematic given the longevity of a rider’s career, which can span over four decades and could potentially increase the risk of a serious or fatal fall in the cross-country phase. This research reports rider’s perceptions and self-reported pain and management options, which may affect the data. Further research is needed to establish the causes of back pain and appropriate management strategies.
Occurrence ofAlternaria mycotoxins and quantification of viableAlternaria spp. during the food processing of tomato products in Spain
Authors: Estiarte N. , Crespo-Sempere A. , Marín S. , Sanchis V. , Ramos A.J.
Published: August 2018

The occurrence of twoAlternaria mycotoxins, alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and the presence of conidia fromAlternaria spp., were investigated throughout the food production chain of two businesses, one which uses organic fruit and the other non-organic. For this purpose, a propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment followed by a quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR) was used to detect and quantify viable conidia exclusively. Results demonstrated that 68.4% of the total raw fruit analysed was contaminated with viableAlternaria spp. Regarding the mycotoxin occurrence, only a few samples were contaminated with AME, while 35% of raw tomatoes tested positive for AOH in the organic producer and 21% in the non-organic producer. AOH was present in samples analysed before heat treatment, while almost no mycotoxins were found in the final products of the organic producer. However, in the non-organic producer, 47% of the tomato concentrates were contaminated.
Impact of GSCM Practices on Financial Performance: Special Reference to Manufacturing Companies in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayarathna B.C.P. , Lasantha S.A.R.
Published: August 2018

Within the context of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), firms are currently considering green supply chain practices as a concern not only for environment performance but also financial performance. Therefore this study aims to investigate the impact of GSCM practices on financial performance relating to manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka. For this purpose structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 25 manufacturing companies listed on Colombo Stock Exchange, Sri Lanka. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling method. Green supply chain practices were categorized in to four basic practices as internal environmental management, green purchasing, customer cooperation with environmental considerations and eco design, and investment recovery. Financial performance was measured by using Return on Equity. The results showed that green purchasing and investment recovery significantly influence on financial performance and the other two green supply management practices do not significantly affect financial performance.
Activation of Th1 Immunity within the Tumor Microenvironment Is Associated with Clinical Response to Lenalidomide in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Aue Georg , Sun Clare , Liu Delong , Park Jae-Hyun , Pittaluga Stefania , Tian Xin , Lee Elinor , Soto Susan , Valdez Janet , Maric Irina , Stetler-Stevenson Maryalice , Yuan Constance , Nakamura Yusuke , Muranski Pawel , Wiestner Adrian
Published: August 2018

Immune stimulation contributes to lenalidomide’s antitumor activity. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of mature, autoreactive B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues, blood, and bone marrow and progressive immune dysfunction. Previous studies in CLL indicated that lenalidomide can repair defective T cell function in vitro. Whether T cell activation is required for clinical response to lenalidomide remains unclear. In this study, we report changes in the immune microenvironment in patients with CLL treated with single-agent lenalidomide and associate the immunologic effects of lenalidomide with antitumor response. Within days of starting lenalidomide, T cells increased in the tumor microenvironment and showed Th1-type polarization. Gene expression profiling of pretreatment and on-treatment lymph node biopsy specimens revealed upregulation of IFN-γ and many of its target genes in response to lenalidomide. The IFN-γ–mediated Th1 response was limited to patients achieving a clinical response defined by a reduction in lymphadenopathy. Deep sequencing of TCR genes revealed decreasing diversity of the T cell repertoire and an expansion of select clonotypes in responders. To validate our observations, we stimulated T cells and CLL cells with lenalidomide in culture and detected lenalidomide-dependent increases in T cell proliferation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that lenalidomide induced Th1 immunity in the lymph node that is associated with clinical response.
An update on global atmospheric ice estimates from satellite observations and reanalyses
Authors: Duncan David Ian , Eriksson Patrick
Published: August 2018

Abstract. This study assesses the global distribution of mean atmospheric ice mass from
current state-of-the-art estimates and its variability on daily and seasonal
timescales. Ice water path (IWP) retrievals from active and passive satellite
platforms are analysed and compared
with estimates from two reanalysis data sets, ERA5 (European Centre for
Medium-range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5, ECMWF) and MERRA-2 (Modern-Era
Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications 2). Large discrepancies
in IWP exist between the satellite data sets themselves, making validation of
the model results problematic and indicating that progress towards a
consensus on the distribution of atmospheric ice has been limited. Comparing
the data sets, zonal means of IWP exhibit similar shapes but differing
magnitudes, with large IWP values causing much of the difference in means.
Diurnal analysis centred on A-Train overpasses shows similar structures in
some regions, but the degree and sign of the variability varies widely; the
reanalyses exhibit noisier and higher-amplitude diurnal variability than
borne out by the satellite estimates. Spatial structures governed by the
atmospheric general circulation are fairly consistent across the data sets,
as principal component analysis shows that the patterns of seasonal
variability line up well between the data sets but disagree in severity.
These results underscore the limitations of the current Earth observing
system with respect to atmospheric ice, as the level of consensus between
observations is mixed. The large-scale variability of IWP is relatively
consistent, whereas disagreements on diurnal variability and global means
point to varying microphysical assumptions in retrievals and models alike
that seem to underlie the biggest differences.
Summertime fine particulate nitrate pollution in the North China Plain: increasing trends, formation mechanisms and implications for control policy
Authors: Wen Liang , Xue Likun , Wang Xinfeng , Xu Caihong , Chen Tianshu , Yang Lingxiao , Wang Tao , Zhang Qingzhu , Wang Wenxing
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Nitrate aerosol makes up a significant fraction of fine particles and plays a key role in regional air quality and climate. The North China Plain (NCP) is one of the most industrialized and polluted regions in China. To obtain a holistic understanding of the nitrate pollution and its formation mechanisms over the NCP region, intensive field observations were conducted at three sites during summertime in 2014–2015. The measurement sites include an urban site in downtown Jinan – the capital city of Shandong Province –, a rural site downwind of Jinan city, and a remote mountain site at Mt. Tai (1534 m a.s.l.). Elevated nitrate concentrations were observed at all three sites despite distinct temporal and spatial variations. Using historical observations, the nitrate ∕ PM2.5 and nitrate ∕ sulfate ratios have statistically significantly increased in Jinan (2005–2015) and at Mt. Tai (from 2007 to 2014), indicating the worsening situation of regional nitrate pollution. A multiphase chemical box model (RACM–CAPRAM) was deployed and constrained by observations to elucidate the nitrate formation mechanisms. The principal formation route is the partitioning of gaseous HNO3 to the aerosol phase during the day, whilst the nocturnal nitrate formation is dominated by the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5. The daytime nitrate production in the NCP region is mainly limited by the availability of NO2 and to a lesser extent by O3 and NH3. In comparison, the nighttime formation is controlled by both NO2 and O3. The presence of NH3 contributes to the formation of nitrate aerosol during the day, while there is slightly decreasing nitrate formation at night. Our analyses suggest that controlling NOx and O3 is an efficient way, at the moment, to mitigate nitrate pollution in the NCP region, where NH3 is usually in excess in summer. This study provides observational evidence of a rising trend of nitrate aerosol as well as scientific support for formulating effective control strategies for regional haze in China.
A parameterisation for the co-condensation of semi-volatile organics into multiple aerosol particle modes
Authors: Crooks Matthew , Connolly Paul , McFiggans Gordon
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A new parameterisation for the cloud droplet activation of multiple aerosol modes is presented that includes the effects of the co-condensation of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The novel work comes from the dynamic condensation parameterisation that approximates the partitioning of the SVOCs into the condensed phase at cloud base. The dynamic condensation parameterisation differs from equilibrium absorptive partitioning theory by calculating time-dependent condensed masses that depend on the updraft velocity. Additionally, more mass is placed on smaller particles than at equilibrium, which is in better agreement with parcel model simulations. All of the SVOCs with saturation concentrations below 1×10−3 µg m−3 are assumed to partition into the condensed phase at cloud base, defined as 100 % relative humidity, and the dynamic condensation parameterisation is used to distribute this mass between the different aerosol modes. An existing cloud droplet activation scheme is then applied to the aerosol particles at cloud base with modified size distributions and chemical composition to account for the additional mass of the SVOCs. Parcel model simulations have been performed to test the parameterisation with a range of aerosol size distributions, composition, and updrafts. The results show excellent agreement between the parameterisation and the parcel model and the inclusion of the SVOCs does not degrade the performance of the underlying cloud droplet activation scheme.
Arctic Mission Benefit Analysis: impact of sea ice thickness, freeboard, and snow depth products on sea ice forecast performance
Authors: Kaminski Thomas , Kauker Frank , Toudal Pedersen Leif , Voßbeck Michael , Haak Helmuth , Niederdrenk Laura , Hendricks Stefan , Ricker Robert , Karcher Michael , Eicken Hajo , Gråbak Ola
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Assimilation of remote-sensing products of sea ice thickness (SIT) into sea ice–ocean models has been shown to improve the quality of sea ice forecasts. Key open questions are whether assimilation of lower-level data products such as radar freeboard (RFB) can further improve model performance and what performance gains can be achieved through joint assimilation of these data products in combination with a snow depth product. The Arctic Mission Benefit Analysis system was developed to address this type of question. Using the quantitative network design (QND) approach, the system can evaluate, in a mathematically rigorous fashion, the observational constraints imposed by individual and groups of data products. We demonstrate the approach by presenting assessments of the observation impact (added value) of different Earth observation (EO) products in terms of the uncertainty reduction in a 4-week forecast of sea ice volume (SIV) and snow volume (SNV) for three regions along the Northern Sea Route in May 2015 using a coupled model of the sea ice–ocean system, specifically the Max Planck Institute Ocean Model. We assess seven satellite products: three real products and four hypothetical products. The real products are monthly SIT, sea ice freeboard (SIFB), and RFB, all derived from CryoSat-2 by the Alfred Wegener Institute. These are complemented by two hypothetical monthly laser freeboard (LFB) products with low and high accuracy, as well as two hypothetical monthly snow depth products with low and high accuracy.On the basis of the per-pixel uncertainty ranges provided with the CryoSat-2 SIT, SIFB, and RFB products, the SIT and RFB achieve a much better performance for SIV than the SIFB product. For SNV, the performance of SIT is only low, the performance of SIFB is higher and the performance of RFB is yet higher. A hypothetical LFB product with low accuracy (20 cm uncertainty) falls between SIFB and RFB in performance for both SIV and SNV. A reduction in the uncertainty of the LFB product to 2 cm yields a significant increase in performance.Combining either of the SIT or freeboard products with a hypothetical snow depth product achieves a significant performance increase. The uncertainty in the snow product matters: a higher-accuracy product achieves an extra performance gain. Providing spatial and temporal uncertainty correlations with the EO products would be beneficial not only for QND assessments, but also for assimilation of the products.
From additivity to mirativity: The Cantonese sentence final particle tim1
Authors: Winterstein Grégoire , Lai Regine , Lee Daniel Tsz-Hin , Luk Zoe Pei-Sui
Published: August 2018

This paper studies the Cantonese sentence final particle tim1 and more generally the semantics of additive particles. The range of meanings conveyed by tim1 appears quite broad, covering both scalar and non-scalar additive readings as well as mirative ones. We argue in favor of separating an additive tim1-particle and a mirative one. Our claims are based on their semantic differences but also on syntactic and acoustic differences. We formalize the meaning of each of these particles using a probabilistic argumentative framework which helps us define the scale with which tim1 associates, namely an argumentative scale which is relative to speaker’s goal in the discourse. In doing so we also contrast the meaning of each particle with similar elements in other languages. We use these descriptions to claim that the mirative reading is the result of a metonymic semantic shift of the additive reading of the particle, and discuss paths of semantic change for additive particles in natural language from a cross-linguistic perspective.
ESTRATÉGIAS DIDÁTICAS IDENTIFICADAS JUNTO A GRADUANDOS DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Chavaglia Suzel Regina Ribeiro , Barbosa Maria Helena , Santos Alvaro Da Silva , Duarte Rafaela Dagma , Contim Divanice , Ohl Rosali Isabel Barduchi
Published: August 2018

Objetivos: identificar as estratégias, os recursos didáticos e as ferramentas digitais utilizados no ensino degraduação em Enfermagem na opinião dos estudantes. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado no períodode maio a agosto de 2016, com 149 graduandos de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública de Minas Gerais. Osdados foram analisados de forma descritiva simples pelo Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão20.0. Resultados: As estratégias de ensino predominantes foram: as aulas expositivo-dialogadas, 147 (94,6%) e aulasexpositivas 131 (87,9%). Os recursos de ensino foram: Data Show 148 (99,3%); leitura de artigos 146 (98%) e projetorde slides 142 (95,3%). As ferramentas digitais predominantes foram: a Apresentação Digital PowerPoint, 147 (98,7%);o e-mail, 145 (97,4%) e a ferramenta de pesquisa Google, com 144 (96,7%). Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram anecessidade de maior diversificação e utilização de estratégias diversas que empreguem as Tecnologias de Informaçãoe Comunicação no ensino de Enfermagem.
Fresh Organic Matter Application to Improve Aggregate Stability of Ultisols under Wet Tropical Region
Authors: Yulnafatmawita . , Anggriani Febrian
Published: August 2018

Ultisol as a marginal soil has become ‘a hope’ by farmers in Indonesia due to land use change, lately. However, the soil is susceptible to degradation since it has low soil aggregate stability (SAS) as affected by low soil organic matter (SOM) content. A pot trial about application of fresh organic matter (FOM) was aimed to improve SAS of Ultisols under wet tropical rainforest. Three types of FOM (Tithonia diversifolia, Chromolaena odorata, and Gliricidia sepium) at different size (8, 6, 4, 2, and 0.5 cm) were applied for 1% (20 g 2 kg-1 soil), then mixed and incubated for three months. The experimental units were allocated in a completely randomized design at a glasshouse. The results showed that FOM generally increased SOM content, percent aggregation, as well as SAS of the Ultisol. Among the organic matter (OM) sources, tithonia gave the highest SOM content after a 3-month incubation. Within the types of OM source, the smallest OM size applied showed the highest SOM content. Tithonia at 0.5 cm in size gave the highest SOM (3.47%) of the Ultisol and SAS increased by 68% compared to the initial soil. Overall, there was a positive correlation (R2 = 0.43) between SOM content and aggregate stability index, but no correlation (R2=0.04) between SOM content and percent aggregation of the Ultisols.[How to Cite : Yulnafatmawita and F Anggriani. 2013. Fresh Organic Matter Application to Improve Aggregate Stability of Ultisols under Wet Tropical Region. J Trop Soils 18 (1): 33-44. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.33][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.33]
Use of Ameliorants to Increase Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Peat Soils of West Kalimantan
Authors: Suswati Denah , Sunarminto Bambang Hendro , Shiddieq Dja’far , Indradewa Didik
Published: August 2018

Peatland in Indonesia has a potential for maize cultivation, but it has constraints that low of soil pH and of nutrient availability. Use of ameliorants from coastal sediment and salted fish waste was an alternative to improve peatlands productivity and maize yields. Objective of the study was to examine effects of coastal sediment and salted fish waste on growth and yield of maize at three kinds of soil of peatlands of Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. This research was conducted  in  field  using  Inter-area analysis  design.  The  first  factor  was  combination  of  each ameliorants  which consisted of 5 levels, namely: 1) treatment under farmer custom at the sites (control); 2) coastal sediment of 20 Mg ha-1 + 0.75 Mg of salted fish waste ha-1; 3) coastal sediment of 40 Mg ha-1 + 1.5 Mg of salted fish waste ha-1, 4) coastal sediment of 60 Mg ha-1 + 2.25 Mg of salted fish waste  ha-1. The second factor was soil types which consisted of three levels, namely: Typic Haplohemists, Typic Sulfisaprists and Typic Haplosaprists. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The results showed that combination of 40 Mg ha-1 of coastal sediment and 1.5 Mg ha-1 of salted fish waste was the best combination for all soil type. It increased plant height (33% - 44%), shoot dry weight (74% - 75%), number of seeds per cob (31% -110%), weight of 100 seeds (58% -71%) and dry grain weight per plant (136 % -160 %) at each soil. The highest yield was found in soil of Typic Haplosaprists (219.54 g), followed by Typic Sulfisaprists (210.72 g) and Typic Haplohemists (208.82 g).Keywords: Coastal sediment, maize, peat soils, salted fish waste [How to Cite: Denah S, BH Sunarminto, D Shiddieq and D Indradewa. 2014. Use of Ameliorants to Increase Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Peat Soils of West Kalimantan. J Trop Soils 19: 35-41. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.1.35]
Sensibilidade ambiental do meio físico para disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos na Região Metropolitana de Londrina – PR
Authors: Melo Angela Cristina Alves de , Eiras Marília Moreira , Santos Maurício Moreira dos
Published: August 2018

A gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos tem sido um dos maiores desafios a serem equacionados pela sociedade nos dias atuais, intensificados pela crescente geração de resíduos per capita. Desse modo, é premente a necessidade de se criar novas áreas para dispor os resíduos sólidos urbanos. Estas áreas devem ser criteriosamente escolhidas e seguirem os projetos de engenharia adequados. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de análise das áreas de disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos da Região Metropolitana de Londrina, levando em conta seu distanciamento de corpos hídricos superficiais e poços de abastecimento, dado seu potencial de contaminação. Também foi realizado o mapa de risco de contaminação do Sistema Aquífero Serra Geral por aterros na região de estudo, utilizando-se de novo método de avaliação denominado Risco de Contaminação de Aquíferos por Aterros (RIQA). O presente estudo mostrou que aproximadamente 31% dos aterros dos municípios desta região metropolitana estão alocados a menos de 200 metros de mananciais superficiais. Com relação aos poços de abastecimento, esses se encontram em condição irregular em 19% dos municípios, ou seja, perfurados a menos de 200 metros de distância dos locais de disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos e ainda, dois destes municípios apresentaram risco alto de contaminação do aquífero.
O processo discursivo presente na proposta do novo enquadramento dos corpos d'água da Bacia do Rio Tibagi-PR (Brasil)
Authors: Kravutschke Angelita Czezacki , Carvalho Silvia Méri
Published: August 2018

A proposta de atualização da classificação dos corpos d’água da bacia do rio Tibagi, encaminhada ao Comitê correspondente, gerou manifestações dos sujeitos envolvidos naquele momento sócio histórico. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar o modo como os sujeitos se inscrevem em determinadas Formações Discursivas, a partir da Análise do Discurso pecheutiana, tendo como fonte as atas, audiências públicas e notas técnicas. Diante disso foi possível verificar que as Formações Discursivas, Condições de Produção e a Formação Ideológica presentes marcam o posicionamento discursivo contraditório sobre gestão compartilhada e participativa da classe dominante pertencente ao Estado e Sociedade Civil demarcando que posições ideológicas divergentes foram silenciadas no novo enquadramento.
A Study of Pragmatic Function of Speech Acts in Mission Statements on the Basis of Adaptation Theory
Authors: Mengqi Zhang , Zhanghong Xu , Muchun Wan
Published: August 2018

orporate mission, a core part of corporate culture, plays an important role in the development and competition of companies. The study of mission statements is beneficial to both companies and stakeholders. This paper explores corporate mission from the perspective of linguistics on the basis of speech act theory and adaptation theory and reveals that assertives account for a large proportion with a small proportion of commissives and zero proportion of directives, expressives and declarations. Some skills can be used to polish the language of mission statements, like pun, personification and parallel structures. And some high frequency words are summarized. Several characteristics and writing skills are summarized about mission statements. The criteria of judging whether the mission statements are good or not are given in this paper.
Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in Amazonia
Authors: Franco G. F. , Souza J. J. L. L. de , Faria A. L. L. de , Campos M. C. C. , Costa L. M. Da
Published: August 2018

The Amazon rainforest is considered the most important ecosystem in the world for the global carbon balance due to its high carbon storage in soil and in the vegetation. Unfortunately, there are few studies about organic fraction of its soils. Thus, the present research aimed to quantify the soil organic carbon content (OC) and to analyze its spatial distribution using 701 soil samples from minimally anthropic areas compiled from previous studies. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and spatial variability analyses of OC and other physical and chemical soil data were performed. The high variability of OC between soil groups were attributed to the preservation and protection of carbon by oxides, reduction process and organic-rich parent material. OC was strongly positively correlated with total nitrogen (N) content, C:N ratio and cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0. The maps produced showing the spatial distribution of CO and that based on C:N ratio would be support for the creation of priority areas in the conservation of ecosystem.
Phytosociology and Behavior of Weeds in Maize as Influenced by Spatial Arrangements
Authors: Mendes Wanderson de Sousa , Filho Leandro Otávio Vieira , Pereira Nayana Alves , Boechat Cácio Luiz , Mielezrski Fabio
Published: August 2018

Using the right spatial arrangement is a sustainable way to prevent or at least delay the emergence of weeds in the crop production. This study evaluated the influence of row spacing and plant density of maize on weed control based on the phytosociological survey. It was conducted on an Oxisol textured medium in a 400 m2 area under semiarid conditions. The hybrid maize 30F53YH was managed under a no-till cropping system with three types of row spacing (0.35 m, 0.50 m, and 0.70 m) and three plant densities (5.0 plants m-2, 6.5 plants m-2, and 8.0 plants m-2). The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications in a factorial arrangement 3 × 3. The phytosociological survey of the weeds was randomly performed four times in each subplot, using the inventory square (0.5 m × 0.5 m). The collected data were analyzed using the R statistical program. Among the specimen’s families identified on the field, three of them need to be highlighted due to its high values of density, frequency, and dominance. These families were Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Amaranthaceae. Also, it was identified that the Leucaena leucocephala species may be classified as a weed, as it acted as an invasive species on maize. The weed control was greatly influenced by the interaction of both parameters rather than only row spacing or the plant density factor. The results showed that the reduced spacing and high crop population decreased the presence of weeds in the maize crop.
Sample Sufficiency for Mean Estimation of Productive Traits of Sunn Hemp
Authors: Schabarum Denison Esequiel , Cargnelutti Filho Alberto , Bem Cláudia Marques de , Facco Giovani , Kleinpaul Jéssica Andiara , Wartha Cleiton Antonio
Published: August 2018

Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is an annual cycle legume with high potential for biological nitrogen fixation, being widely used in crop rotation for biomass formation and control of nematodes. The objectives of this study were to determine the sample size for the mean estimation of productive traits of sunn hemp and verify the sample size variability between traits and sowing dates. Two uniformity trials were performed in the agricultural year 2014/2015, with sowing in October (trial 1) and December (trial 2). At the crop flowering stage, 300 plants of each trial were harvested and fresh and dry matter of leaves, stem, root, aerial part, and total weight were evaluated. The normality and randomness tests were performed for each trait and the sample size was calculated for the semi-amplitudes of the confidence interval (estimation errors) of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20% of the mean estimate. There is sample size variability between productive traits and between sowing dates. The assessment of at least 101 plants is required for mean estimation of productive traits with maximum estimation error of 20% of the mean and 95% confidence level.
Antioxidant Activity, Rutin Content and Genetic Similarity Between Matrices and Progenies of Hancornia speciosa
Authors: Machado Caroline de Araujo , Oliveira Leila Albuquerque Resende de , Oliveira Annie Carolina Araújo de , Cardoso Milena Nascimento , Padilha Francine Ferreira , Cardoso Bruno Trindade , Silva Ana Veruska Cruz da , Lédo Ana da Silva
Published: August 2018

Mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a tropical fruit species from Brazil and presents socioeconomic potential. The objective of this study was to determine antioxidant activity, rutin content and genetic similarity among in vivo and in vitro matrices and progenies of six accessions from the Mangaba Active Germplasm Bank of the Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, SE, Brazil. Young leaves of adult matrix plants and in vitro callus methanolic extracts obtained from young leaves resulted in differences between the accessions for the rutin content and high antioxidant activity. The Costa Azul accession, from Bahia, Brazil outstood with values above 3,000 g of dry extract/g of DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl) in in vitro callus coming from nodal and internodal segments (3,023.73 and 3,136.80 g of dry extract/g of DPPH, respectively). Rutin was not found in extracts resulting from in vitro callus of mangaba tree. The difference among the values obtained for DPPH analysis are superior when compared with in vivo leaf extract, with the in vitro Costa Azul accession (nodal and internodal) outstanding, concluding that in vitro callus induction can interfere with chemical compounds of the plant. The markers detect genetic similarity under in vitro cultivation conditions. The Costa Azul accession group itself in isolation from others and EC50 concentrations differentiated between leaf and callus are obtained. O EC50 is superior in extracts deriving from in vitro callus, with the in vitro Costa Azul accession (nodal and internodal).
Abiotic Compounds as Inducers of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Tomatoes
Authors: Campos Neto Jose R. M. , Oliveira Leonardo de J. M. G. de , Diniz Nathalia B. , Nascimento Ivaneide de O. , Rodrigues Antonia Alice C.
Published: August 2018

To study the effects of resistance inducers used to control fusarium wilt in tomatoes due to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f. sp. lycopersici, we evaluated the effects of ASM (acibenzolar-S-methyl), Agro-Mos, chitosan, Biopirol and neem oil on F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici mycelial growth and sporulation and systemic resistance in tomatoes. In vitro experiments comprised evaluations of the products’ effects on the mycelial growth and sporulation of the PDA (potato dextrose agar) growth medium-cultured pathogen. In vivo experiments included product application to tomato plants of the Santa Cruz cultivar that were grown for 25 days on autoclaved soil, followed by determinations of disease severity and peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and Beta-1,3-glucanase enzyme activity levels, which are related to the process of resistance induction. Pathogen inoculation occurred after 5 days at a concentration of 106 conidia/mL. We evaluated the disease according to a rating scale. Enzymatic activity was determined according to specific protocols. Neem oil controlled pathogen mycelial growth and sporulation, while ASM influenced sporulation. The products reduced the severity of wilt in the plants. We highlight neem oil, Agro-Mos and Biopirol due to their ability to induce significant peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and Beta-1,3-glucanase expression, respectively.
Cost Effectiveness and Influence of Storage Bag Type on the Quality of Sweet Potato Vines
Authors: Hlerema I. N. , Taruvinga B. , Laurie S. M. , Ndou P. , Eiasu B. , Du Plooy C. P.
Published: August 2018

Sweet potatoes present an opportunity for improving food security and income generation in South Africa. The yield of sweet potatoes is highly dependent on the quality of sweet vines used in production. This study aimed at identifying the most cost effective and best storage bag type, between polyethylene and hessian bags, to prolong vine storage. Three bag treatments namely polyethylene bag without holes, polyethylene bag with 12 holes and dry hessian with vines from sweet potato cultivar “Bophelo” were stored for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days at ambient temperature during summer. The costs effectiveness of using different types of bags when transporting and storing vines was calculated using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The results of the study showed that hessian bags offer the best option to prolong storage (12 days) as compared to polyethylene bags (6 days), however hessian bags are more expensive (R49.10/1 day quality) ($4.08 as at 24/01/2018). Polyethylene bags can be used if the farmer is not willing to pay the additional cost for an addition day of quality. Holes need to be made in polyethylene bags in order to allow air circulation.
Development and Evaluation of a Prototype for Seed Coating
Authors: de Melo Bruno Adelino , Almeida Francisco de Assis Cardoso , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira , Barros Neto Jaime José da Silveira , Moraes Joselito Sousa , Barroso Antonio Jackson Ribeiro
Published: August 2018

The use of technologies is increasingly present in agriculture. The seed coating is one of these technologies. However, to obtain it, it’s demanded the use of machines and technics which are restricted to production companies, burdening the price on this type of product. Given the above, it was aimed to develop and evaluate a prototype capable of coating small seeds. To elaborate the conceptual design of the prototype it was employed the computer program for modeling 3D SketchUp, version 2014. The prototype measures were expressed in millimeters (mm). The prototype has three main parts: (1) support base, (2) seed coating bowl, and (3) cementing material container. To evaluate the prototype, bentonite, gypsum and kaolin were used as filling materials of the colza seed (Brassica napus L.). As cementing material the PVA glue was used in the percentages of 20, 30, 40 and 50%. The studied variables were prototype yield, production cost of the coated seeds and residue generated in the coating process. The prototype has a compact size, answering the needs of laboratory and/or small producer. It presented cost and residues in an acceptable level and yield up to 88%.
Optimal casorati inequalities on bi-slant submanifolds of generalized sasakian space forms
Authors: Siddiqui Aliya Naaz
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we use T Oprea's optimization method to establish some optimal Casorati inequalities, which involve the normalized scalar curvature for bi-slant submanifolds of generalized Sasakian space forms. In the continuation, we show that in both cases, the equalities hold if and only if submanifolds are invariantly quasi-umbilical.
Das neue 'Open Access First' Publikationsmodell des Jahrbuchs Musikpsychologie – Geleitwort der Herausgeber
Authors: Auhagen Wolfgang , Bullerjahn Claudia , Louven Christoph
Published: August 2018

Im Geleitwort zur ersten Ausgabe erläutern die Herausgeber die Hintergründe und den Entstehungsprozess des neuen 'Online First' Publikationsmodus des 'Jahrbuchs Musikpsychologie' und stellen die Prinzipien des neuen Modells vor.
A estrutura ontológica do tempo presente
Authors: Dias Leite Augusto Bruno de Carvalho
Published: August 2018

A História do Tempo Presente mobiliza epistemologicamente um conceito de presente específico. Não obstante a estrutura ontológica do conceito de presente não ser autoevidente, enquanto conceito, isto é, como elaboração intelectual, pode-se determiná-lo por uma investigação de sua história. Objetiva-se, portanto, descobrir a história do conceito de presente de uma perspectiva ontológica, expor sua natureza de limite-criativo do tempo, bem como sua forma infinita, eterna. Martin Heidegger rompe com essa maneira tradicional de interpretar o fenômeno do tempo ao questionar a natureza do modus temporal presente legado pela filosofia. Nesses termos, o argumento final sublinha a reviravolta sofrida pela noção de presente em Heidegger como movimento central para a justificação teórica do campo historiográfico da História do Tempo Presente.Palavras-chave: Presente. Tempo. Ontologia.
Precisamos falar sobre o lugar epistêmico na Teoria da História
Authors: Barbosa Pereira Ana Carolina
Published: August 2018

O debate sobre a geopolítica da produção intelectual tem uma longa e respeitável tradição. Dela participam intelectuais do continente africano, desde o contexto de libertação do jugo colonial (décadas de 1950-1970), intelectuais que integram os paradigmas pós-colonial, decolonial e, mais recentemente, as chamadas teorias ou epistemologias do Sul. Mas se a questão da geopolítica de produção do conhecimento é amplamente conhecida no cenário das teorias sociais, existe um contraste em relação ao campo da Teoria da História. Seria possível dizer que a Teoria da História, como ela é praticada no Brasil, se apresenta como emblema desse contraste, como expressão do que os(as) intelectuais vinculados(as) às tradições acima mencionadas têm denominado “extroversão”, “imperialismo intelectual”, “dependência acadêmica”, “mentalidade cativa”, ou “metrocentrismo”. O objetivo desse artigo é pensar, a partir da realidade brasileira, a geopolítica de produção e consumo da Teoria da História. Para tanto proponho uma particular definição da categoria de lugar epistêmico. Palavras-chave: Teoria da História. Historiografia. Geopolítica.
La transición democrática chilena ¿proceso pactado o brusca ruptura?: una mirada desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes secundarios
Authors: Vasquez Leyton Gabriela Alejandra , Sánchez Agustí María , Vásquez Lara Nelson , Muñoz Labraña Carlos Carlos
Published: August 2018

A partir de los discursos de 616 estudiantes de Segundo Medio de centros educativos de diversas procedencias, provenientes de las cuatro ciudades de mayor población del país, se presentan los resultados de la investigación cuali-cuantitativa que buscó conocer las ideas de los alumnos de secundaria sobre el proceso de transición democrática y cómo se desarrolla su aprendizaje escolar. Dentro de estos hallazgos, se destaca el valor de los ciudadanos como agentes de cambio quienes, a través de sus movilizaciones y del derecho a sufragio, derribaron a Pinochet, poniendo de manifiesto que Dictadura y Transición forman parte de un mismo conjunto histórico, relacionándolo con situaciones de violencia y represión vividas en el gobierno militar más que con la búsqueda de acuerdos. Palabras clave: Transición democrática. Ideas de los Alumnos. Didáctica de la Historia. Formación Ciudadana.
O futuro da leitura? Recordações e Pensamentos por uma Abordagem Genealógica
Authors: Gumbrecht Hans Ulrich
Published: August 2018

Tradução do texto “The Future of Reading? Memories and Thoughts toward a Genealogical Approach”, de Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, publicado na revista boundary 2 an international jornal of literature and culture, volume 41, número 3, 2014, p. 99–111
Reformuler, réécrire, recréer… : des concepts connexes à la verbalisation en traduction
Authors: Henry Jacqueline
Published: August 2018

Dans la littérature abordant la phase onomasiologique de la traduction, différents termes sont souvent utilisés de façon assez indifférenciée pour parler de la reverbalisation : « reformulation », « réénonciation », « réécriture », « recréation ». Pourtant, l’analyse de ces termes dans le cadre élargi des sciences du langage, dans une perspective tant intralinguistique qu’interlinguistique, amène à penser qu’ils ne sont pas strictement synonymiques et qu’ils se répartissent diversement sur les axes littéraire/pragmatique, oral/écrit et langage courant/spécialisé. En outre, le préfixe « re- », très productif en français, ne se limite pas à marquer une deuxième occurrence et la modification peut avoir un sémantisme propre, au-delà de celui de la base verbale à laquelle il est accolé.
Cerebellar involvement in an evidence-accumulation decision-making task
Authors: Deverett Ben , Koay Sue Ann , Oostland Marlies , Wang Samuel S-H
Published: August 2018

To make successful evidence-based decisions, the brain must rapidly and accurately transform sensory inputs into specific goal-directed behaviors. Most experimental work on this subject has focused on forebrain mechanisms. Using a novel evidence-accumulation task for mice, we performed recording and perturbation studies of crus I of the lateral posterior cerebellum, which communicates bidirectionally with numerous forebrain regions. Cerebellar inactivation led to a reduction in the fraction of correct trials. Using two-photon fluorescence imaging of calcium, we found that Purkinje cell somatic activity contained choice/evidence-related information. Decision errors were represented by dendritic calcium spikes, which in other contexts are known to drive cerebellar plasticity. We propose that cerebellar circuitry may contribute to computations that support accurate performance in this perceptual decision-making task.
Prolonged cross-bridge binding triggers muscle dysfunction in a Drosophila model of myosin-based hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kronert William A , Bell Kaylyn M , Viswanathan Meera C , Melkani Girish C , Trujillo Adriana S , Huang Alice , Melkani Anju , Cammarato Anthony , Swank Douglas M , Bernstein Sanford I
Published: August 2018

K146N is a dominant mutation in human β-cardiac myosin heavy chain, which causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We examined howDrosophilamuscle responds to this mutation and integratively analyzed the biochemical, physiological and mechanical foundations of the disease. ATPase assays, actin motility, and indirect flight muscle mechanics suggest at least two rate constants of the cross-bridge cycle are altered by the mutation: increased myosin attachment to actin and decreased detachment, yielding prolonged binding. This increases isometric force generation, but also resistive force and work absorption during cyclical contractions, resulting in decreased work, power output, flight ability and degeneration of flight muscle sarcomere morphology. Consistent with prolonged cross-bridge binding serving as the mechanistic basis of the disease and with human phenotypes,146N/+ hearts are hypercontractile with increased tension generation periods, decreased diastolic/systolic diameters and myofibrillar disarray. This suggests that screening mutatedDrosophilahearts could rapidly identify hypertrophic cardiomyopathy alleles and treatments.
Ultra‐small Albumin Templated Gd/Ru Composite Nanodots for In Vivo Dual modal MR/Thermal Imaging Guided Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Xu Pengping , Wu Huihui , Wang Dongdong , Zhao Gaozheng , Li Fenfen , Qiu Bensheng , Guo Zhen , Chen Qianwang
Published: August 2018

Multifunctional theranostic nanoagents which realize precise diagnosis and treatment of tumors are attracting increasing interests in recent years. However, efficient and controlled synthesis of ultra‐small noble metal nanoagents remains a challenge. Here, monodisperse Gd/Ru@BSA nanodots (GRBNDs) are successfully fabricated via a totally “green”, “one‐pot” protocol for in situ reduction of Ru(III) and biomineralization of Gd(III) in the presence of albumin. The as‐prepared nanoagent possesses the features of being ultra small in size (≈6.7 nm), having strong colloidal stability, and thermal stability as well as high photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 50.7%). As expected, the GRBNDs achieve a significant efficacy of anticancer therapy under LASER activation both in vitro and in vivo. It also exhibits superior T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging ability due to its high longitudinal relaxivity value (r1 = 10.98 × 10−3 m−1s−1). Moreover, it is demonstrated to be renal clearable with negligible systemic toxicity. This work highlights a straightforward and repeatable approach for synthesizing highly effective and multifunctional noble metal nanoagent of great clinical promising for cancer theranostics.
Ultralow Dispersion Multicomponent Thin‐Film Chalcogenide Glass for Broadband Gradient‐Index Optics
Authors: Kang Myungkoo , Swisher Andrew M. , Pogrebnyakov Alexej V. , Liu Liu , Kirk Andrew , Aiken Stephen , Sisken Laura , Lonergan Charmayne , Cook Justin , Malendevych Teodor , Kompan Fedor , Divliansky Ivan , Glebov Leonid B. , Richardson Martin C. , Rivero‐Baleine Clara , Pantano Carlo G. , Mayer Theresa S. , Richardson Kathleen
Published: August 2018

A novel photothermal process to spatially modulate the concentration of sub‐wavelength, high‐index nanocrystals in a multicomponent Ge‐As‐Pb‐Se chalcogenide glass thin film resulting in an optically functional infrared grating is demonstrated. The process results in the formation of an optical nanocomposite possessing ultralow dispersion over unprecedented bandwidth. The spatially tailored index and dispersion modification enables creation of arbitrary refractive index gradients. Sub‐bandgap laser exposure generates a Pb‐rich amorphous phase transforming on heat treatment to high‐index crystal phases. Spatially varying nanocrystal density is controlled by laser dose and is correlated to index change, yielding local index modification to ≈+0.1 in the mid‐infrared.