bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot of a Low-Cost Elementary School Handwashing Intervention in Bangladesh: Acceptability, Feasibility, and Potential for Sustainability
Authors: Sultana Farhana , Unicomb Leanne , Rahman Mahbubur , Ali Shahjahan , Southern Dorothy L. , Yeasmin Dalia , Sarkar Rouha Anamika , Das Kishor K. , Nizame Fosiul Alam , Winch Peter J. , Luby Stephen P.
Published: November 2021

Schoolchildren frequently transmit respiratory and gastrointestinal infections because of dense person-to-person contact in schools. We piloted a low-cost handwashing intervention among elementary schoolchildren in Bangladesh. We trained teachers to lead behavior change communication sessions using flipcharts to encourage students’ handwashing before eating, after defecating, and after cleaning school toilets; provided handwashing stations (reservoirs with taps and stool + basin + soapy water solution [mix of 30 gm detergent with 1.5 L water] + pump top bottle with steel holder); and formed hygiene committees for maintenance and covering the recurrent cost of detergent. We evaluated intervention acceptability, feasibility, and potential for sustainability at 1 and 14 months after the intervention. At baseline, of 300 before eating events, no one washed hands with soap, and 99.7% (299) did not wash hands at all as soap was unavailable. Out of 269 after toileting events, 0.7% (2) washed hands with soap, and 88% (237) did not wash hands. After 4 weeks of the intervention, 45% (87/195 before eating events), 83% (155/186 after toileting events), and 100% (15/15 after cleaning toilet events) washed both hands with soapy water as children found it accessible, low cost, and child friendly. After 14 months, 9.4% (55/586 before eating events) and 37% (172/465 after toileting events) washed both hands with soapy water for health benefits. The intervention was acceptable and feasible; it overcame limited access to soap and water and was affordable as schools covered the recurrent costs of detergent. Further research should explore long-term habit adoption and impact on health and attendance.
Ruminant-Related Risk Factors are Associated with Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Infection in Children in Southern Ghana
Authors: Lambrecht Nathalie J. , Wilson Mark L. , Bridges Dave , Eisenberg Joseph N. S. , Adu Bright , Baylin Ana , Folson Gloria , Jones Andrew D.
Published: November 2021

Livestock can provide benefits to low-income households, yet may expose children to zoonotic enteropathogens that cause illness and negative long-term health outcomes. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether livestock-related risk factors, including animal ownership, exposure to animal feces, and consumption of animal-source foods, were associated with bacterial zoonotic enteropathogen infections in children 6–59 months old in Greater Accra, Ghana. Stool samples from 259 children and 156 household chickens were analyzed for atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC), Campylobacter jejuni/coli (C. jejuni/coli), Salmonella, and Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). aEPEC, C. jejuni/coli, STEC, and Salmonella were detected in 45.6%, 11.6%, 4.3%, and 0.8% of children’s stool samples, respectively. In adjusted logistic regression models, household ownership of goats or sheep was associated with STEC detection in children (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 4.30 [1.32, 14.08]), as were positive detection of STEC in chicken feces (7.85 [2.54, 24.30]) and frequent consumption of fresh cow’s milk (3.03 [1.75, 5.24]). No livestock-related risk factors were associated with aEPEC or C. jejuni/coli infection in children. Our findings suggest that ruminant ownership in southern Ghana may expose children to STEC through household fecal contamination and foodborne routes. The lack of association between livestock risk factors and the more commonly detected pathogens, aEPEC and C. jejuni/coli, warrants further research, particularly to help explain how animal-keeping and sanitation practices affect transmission of fecal pathogens that were highly prevalent in chicken feces.
Ethical evaluation of Labour Union strikes in Nigeria and the religious value of the dignity of labour
Authors: Oke Olusegun Peter , John Elizabeth Okoh
Published: November 2021

Agitations by labour unions in the country have become a recurring decimal and this has led to a series of arrests and death of members in the course of fighting for their legitimate rights of improved welfare packages. In this incessant face- off between government and labour unions in the country, many scholars have written voicing the opinions. While some blamed successive government on their insensitivity to the plight of Nigerian workers, others condemned the actions of workers as falling below expectation as many are inefficient and incompetent. But, an area where attention has not been focused on, has to do with the value of dignity of labour among the Nigerian workforce. It is therefore pertinent to take a critical look at the religious value of the dignity of labour vis - a - vis the attitudes of those in the corridors of power and the plight of workers who are the fulcrum on which the economy upon which any nation stands. It is in light of this that this paper will examine among other things, strike actions in Nigeria, and the meaning of ‘dignity of labour’ from a religious perspective. Lastly, a clarion call will be made on stakeholders in labour matters on the need toaddress the lingering gridlock between government and labour unions in the country in order for the efforts of the present administration at revamping the economy not to be a mere waste of time .
Food and environmental degradation as causative agents of honey bee colonies decline: Mathematical model approach
Authors: Najib Kabiru Lere , Hassan Adamu Shitu
Published: November 2021

In this research, a new compartment model of honey bee population is developed to study the effects of gradual change of food availability and environmental degradation on bee population growth and development. The model is proved to be mathematical well posed and a non-trivial equilibrium point is shown to exist and asymptotically stable under certain conditions. The model predicts a critical threshold environmental degradation rate above which the population size of bees decline and subsequently collapse. Low environmental degradation and high food availability leads to stable bee population. Global sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the most sensitive parameters of the model that can lead to colony collapse disorder. Numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate all the results.
ĐA HÌNH MICROSATELLITE LIÊN KẾT VỚI GEN HEPCIDIN/HAMP TIỀM NĂNG TRONG CHỌN GIỐNG CÁ RÔ PHI VẰN KHÁNG BỆNH DO Streptococcus iniae
Authors: Nhật Phạm Hồng , Ho Chia -Hui , Tseng Po -Chun , Gong Hong -Yi
Published: November 2021

Bệnh xuất huyết do vi khuẩn Streptococcus sp là mầm bệnh truyền nhiễm chính gây thiệt hại đáng kể đến sản lượng cá rô phi toàn cầu. Hepcidin/HAMP ở cá đã được báo cáo có liên quan đến miễn dịch bẩm sinh chống lại các mầm bệnh vi khuẩn. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi tiến hành phân tích mối quan hệ giữa tính đa hình microsatellites/SSRs liên kết với gen hepcidin/HAMP và khả năng kháng bệnh do Streptococcus iniae trên cá rô phi vằn dòng NT1 (Đài Loan). 17 chỉ thị SSRs và cặp mồi đặc hiệu đã được thiết kế dựa trên WebSat. Kết quả đánh giá trên 95 cá thể cho thấy 9/17 chỉ thị SSRs có tính đa hình cao và tuân theo định luật Hardy-Weinberg. Các chỉ thị này sẽ được sử dụng để đánh giá khả năng kháng vi khuẩn S. iniae. 29 cá rô phi NT1 thế hệ thứ nhất (khối lượng 23,59 ± 5,388 g/con) đã được cảm nhiễm với vi khuẩn S. iniae 89353 bằng phương pháp tiêm, với liều tiêm LD50 là 1,3x105 cfu/mL. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy, có sự sai khác có ý nghĩa thống kê về kiểu gen và tần số alen giữa nhóm sống và nhóm chết sau cảm nhiễm vi khuẩn ở 3 chỉ thị SSRs (SSR7, SSR9 và SSR16) (p<0,05). Đây là marker có tiềm năng cho chọn giống cá rô phi Đài Loan kháng bệnh do S. iniae.

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus has been recognized as a major infectious disease-causing significant economic loss in tilapia aquaculture in many countries. The hepatic antimicrobial peptide hepcidin/HAMP was reported to be associated with innate immunity which defends against various bacterial pathogens and viruses. In this study, we analyzed the corelation between the microsatellites/SSRs polymorphism in the hepcidin/HAMP genes and the resistance to Streptococcus iniae in the NT1strain (tilapia strain in Taiwan). Seventeen of hepcidin/HAMP-related SSRs and 17 SSR-specific PCR primer were designed using WebSat. The result showed that 9/17 hepcidin/HAMP-related SSRs were polymorphic markers and there is significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) (p<0,05). These SSRs were examined for disease resistance to S. iniae. Twenty-nine the First generation (G1) tilapia of NT1 strain (average weight of 23,59 ± 5,388g/fish) were challenged with virulent S. iniae 89353 through intraperioneal injection at dose of LD50 (1,3x105 cfu/ml). In this study, the genotype and the allele frequency in three SSRs (SSR7, SSR9 và SSR16) were significantly different between two groups (death fish with infected signals of S. iniae and alive fish infected with S. iniae) (p<0,05). Three SSRs (SSR7, SSR9 và SSR16) are considered as potential molecular markers for selective breeding of Taiwanese tilapia which resists to S. iniae.
SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF VEGETATION OF LARGE LAKES OF THE ONEGA PENINSULA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MURAKANSKOE AND BOLSHOE VYGOZERO LAKE)
Authors: Moseev D. , Krasheninnikov A. , Bragin A. , Lohov A.
Published: November 2021

Studying the vegetation of freshwater lakes remains a topical subject in the national parks of the Arkhangelsk Region. It is in particular important for the Onega Pomorie National Park, which is located along the coasts of the Onega and Dvinskoy bays (of the White Sea) in the northern part of the Onega Peninsula. This article examines the spatial structure of aquatic and coastal-aquatic vegetation of Murakanskoye and Bolshoye Vygozero – two large lakes of the Onega Peninsula. The spatial structure is presented in the form of ecological series of associations of plant communities. A comparative characteristic of the lakes’ vegetation is given in the discussion of the article. The littoral zone is poorly developed in both lakes mentioned above. It depends on the openness of the water areas to the winds from the north. It is indicated that the species composition and vegetation structure of the Bolshoye Vygozero Lake mostly depends on water transparency and high acidity; these factors determine the development of the Phragmitetum australis fontinaliosum dalecarlicae, Phragmitetum australis caricosum aquatilis, Caricetum aquatilis associations. In the Murakanskoe Lake, high water transparency and slightly alkaline pH values contribute to the development of communities of pondweeds – such as Potamogeton alpinus, Potamogeton praelongus, and communities of the Lobelietum dortmannae isoëtosum echinosporae association.
AYASOFYA-I KEBÎR CAMII ŞERÎFI HAT LEVHALARI VE KITÂBELERINDE YER ALAN HADIS METINLERI ÜZERINE BIR DEĞERLENDIRME
Authors: ERTUĞAY Recep
Published: November 2021

İstanbul’un simgelerinden biri olan Ayasofya, 916 yıl kilise, fetihle birlikte 481 yıl cami, 86 yıl da müze olarak kullanılmış ve 2020’de yeniden camiye dönüştürülmüştür. İstanbul’un Fatih tarafından fethedilmesi ardından kiliseden camiye dönüştürülen Ayasofya’ya geçmişten günümüze bazı eklemelerde bulunulmuştur. Bu eklemelerin önemli bir unsuru da hat levhaları ve kitâbelerdir. Ayasofya-i Kebîr Cami-i Şerîfi ve manzumesinde bu manâda birçok levha ve kitâbe yer almaktadır. Levha ve kitâbeler Arapça’dır. Az sayıda Osmanlıca Türkçesi ve Farsça metinler de bulunmaktadır. Dönemin hadislere ve Kur’ân-Sünnet bütünlüğüne yaklaşımı nasıldır? Sünnetin dindeki yeri açısından dönemle ilgili bazı bulgular elde edilebilir mi? Hat levhalarında yer alan metinlerin tercih sebepleri nedir? Hadis seçiminde sıhhat açısından hassasiyet gösterilmiş midir? Hz. Peygamber’e muhabbetin izleri bulunabilir mi? Çalışma bu sorulara cevap bulma çerçevesinde sürdürülecek hadise verilen değer ve sünnete itisamın boyutları anlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak hadislerle ilişkili metinler tespit edilecek, hadis metinlerinin sened ağları verilecek, ayrıca rivâyetler sıhhat açısından değerlendirilecektir. Levhalarda yer alan metinlerin, sünnete itisam, Hz. Peygamber’e muhabbet, Kur’ân-Sünnet bütünlüğünü yansıtması ve teslîse karşı tevhîd vurgusu açılarından içerik analizi yapılacaktır.
Purification of Waste Water of Oil-And-Fat Production By Compositions of Reagent-Adsorbents
Authors:   Doctor of technical sciences, professor, Institute of general and inorganic chemistry of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Salihanova Dilnoza Saidakbarovna
Published: November 2021

This article shows the possibility of using reagent-adsorbent compositions, i.e. charred defecate obtained at 600 °C and activated bentonite of the Askamar deposit in a ratio of 1:5. It was found that with the use of reagent-adsorbent compositions it will allow to purify wastewater from oil and fat production to pH-7.2 and transparency of 0.44, and also the water hardness is reduced from 17 mEq / l to 4.0 mEq / l, which allow the recycling of wastewater for technical needs.
Features of The Processes of Clinker Formation When Using Solid Waste From Caprolactic Production As A Mineralizer
Authors:   Candidate of chemical sciences, Institute of General and inorganic chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Grigoryevich Nimchik Alexey
Published: November 2021

The possibility of using a soda-sulfate mixture - an alkaline waste from the production of caprolactam, as a mineralizing additive in a Portland cement raw mixture containing, as a silica-containing component, flotation tailings of the lead-concentrating plant of Almalyk MMC, has been studied. The effect of this additive on the processes of mineral formation during the synthesis of Portland cement clinker is shown. The possibility of additional recovery of residual non-ferrous metals - lead and copper - by sublimation and trapping of their chlorides has been established.
Prevention of The Development of Postoperative Complications and Their Treatment in The Surgery of Duedenal Purpose
Authors:   Researcher, Department of surgery, Andijan State Medical Institute, Khojimetov D.Sh.
Published: November 2021

The authors analyze various degrees of physiological anastomositis in 131 patients, and conclude that for the treatment of late anastomositis after surgical interventions on the stomach and duodenum, it is recommended to include the laser action of the anastomosis zone with two types of low-energy lasers in the complex program. The authors argue that the combined use of low-energy laser exposure through endoscopic and percutaneous irradiation will improve the effectiveness of the treatment of late anastomositis.
Second -Year English Majored Students’ Perception of Possible Problems in Writing Essays
Authors:   School of Foreign Languages, UEH University, Vietnam, Trang Nguyen Huynh
Published: November 2021

To acquire a language, learners need to be skillful at the four skills namely: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Among them, writing is usually considered a complex skill to learn. This study is aimed to investigate the second-year English majored students’ perception of essay writing problems encountered and solutions to overcome these problems. The participants of this study are 44 second year English majored students at a public university in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, consisting of 32 females and 12 males. The data were collected by a questionnaire to explore the difficulties encountered by EFL learners in writing essays and their expectations from their lecturers as well as from themselves to have better performance. The results revealed that students face major difficulties in writing essays including linguistic, psychological, cognitive factors. With the hope to get better writing performance, the students expected more assistance from their lecturers, including giving more feed backs on their writing pieces, recommending appropriate reading materials and providing more grammar courses. They also admitted that their writing pieces will be improved when they themselves practice more such as forming their writing habits, gaining more vocabularies and self-editing or asking feedback from peers.
The Land Problem in KHUC HAO'S Reform in the 10th Century
Authors:   Department of History Education, School of Education, Can Tho University, Tan Bui Hoang
Published: November 2021

The reform initiated by Khuc Hao was the first reform in the history of Vietnam carried out in the context that the country had just gained autonomy from the Duong Dynasty (China). With the positive contents of the reform program, it has made many important contributions to the solid construction of the nation's autonomous government after a period of arduous struggle. Accordingly, the land issue has had certain adjustments compared to the Chinese domination period, which has had a strong impact on the economic and social changes of the country. The paper focuses on studying the basic issues of land ownership in Khuc Hao's reform program, through which it outlines the basic characteristics of Vietnam's land ownership in the early days of gaining autonomy. The research results will contribute to adding useful references on land issues in the history of the Vietnamese nation in the early 10th century.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on The Role of Mothers Towards Their Disabilities Children
Authors:   Special Education department, Faculty of Education, Najran University, Saudi Arabia, Hammad Mohammad Ahmed
Published: November 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has affected Saudi women's daily lifestyle, contributing significantly to increasing pressure on women to have multiple roles both at home and at work. The study therefore aimed to identify the role of women towards their children with disabilities during the COVID-19 epidemic crisis by identifying their roles towards their children with disabilities in the educational, psychological and social aspect. The study used the quantitative approach (social survey). The sample of the study consisted of (336) Saudi mothers of children with disabilities in the southern region of Saudi Arabia with an average age of (35.8) years. A questionnaire was built to identify the role of Saudi women towards their disabled children during the crisis and was developed by the researcher. The results indicated that the role of Saudi women towards their disabled children during the COVID-19 epidemic crisis was of a high level in all areas of practice for the tool. The analysis of the data to answer the main question in the study also revealed the importance of the educational, psychological and social role of Saudi women towards their children with disabilities during the COVID-19 epidemic crisis within the family. In light of these findings, the study recommended the importance of urging responsible people to provide a range of rescue and stimulus packages that also include social protection measures, seeking to empower Saudi women in all sectors of society, and providing them with all means of support to help them achieve their role in society in general.
The Paradox of Thrift: A Case Study of United States of America
Authors:   Department of Economics, Achievers University Owo, Km 1, Idasen-Ute Road, P. M. B. 1030, Ondo State, Nigeria, Chuba Mathias A.
Published: November 2021

Vermann (2012) and Thies (1996)’s papers indicate that the paradox of thrift is no longer in vogue in United States of America (USA). This paper argues that the paradox of thrift is still applicable to USA even though she is operating with sufficient demand. The main objective of this paper is to determine whether the paradox of thrift is applicable to USA after the Great Depression. In doing this, a vector error correction model was estimated using annual data of gross national income, gross domestic saving, gross domestic investment and final consumption expenditure from 1971 to 2020. The results of the investigation showed that final consumption expenditure and gross domestic saving increase when gross national income increases. Gross national income falls and current saving is unchanged when previous saving rises. The paradox of thrift is applicable to USA after the Great Depression. The target of economic policy should be gross national income and not gross domestic saving because naturally both final consumption expenditure and gross domestic saving will increase if gross national income increases in USA.
Communicative Strategy, the Essence of the Terms of Communicative Tactics and Their Interpretation in World Linguistics
Authors:   PhD Student, Institute of Uzbek language, Literature and Folklore, Barliboeva S.
Published: November 2021

This article discusses communicative linguistics, a key branch of pragmatics. In particular, the concepts of communicahe differences between the purpose of communication and the communication strategy are sttive strategy, communicative tactics are explained, research is analyzed. Scientific views on stated. The role of communicative tactics in political texts is highlighted.
Impact of Hydro-Politics and Kashmir issue on bilateral relations of India and Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Faheem Farrukh , Islam Saif Ul
Published: November 2021

This study primarily focuses on developing an exclusive model, generally explaining the importance of international rivers in the relationships of the nations and particularly interlinked conflict over Kashmir and the Indus River. Conflict is a fact among nations caused because of disputed lands or un-decided borders linked to valuable resources or due to political and ideological differences. Historical differences between Pakistan and India especially about water distributions can leads them towards war. So far, they had fought three wars due to Kashmir's un-resolved issue and an upcoming one could be forecasted to control water resources originating from occupied Kashmir. According to the neo-realistic point of view, this study examines the conflicting interests among India and Pakistan, which are related to Kashmir, and claims that it is not just religious but also geographical as it is connected to the control of river waters. There is very limited significant research present that primarily focuses on this facet of India and Pakistan’s relations. The current literature expresses their conflict as of ideological, cultural, and political nature. This model-based research addresses the relationship of water and other related sources to war and peace through a rational research method demonstrated by broadly observed data.
Weight Control Trend Analysis and Progressive Behavior Modification of a T2D Patient Using GH-Method: Math-Physical Medicine (No. 307)
Authors:   eclaireMD Foundation, USA, Hsu Gerald C
Published: November 2021

In this article, the author used 10-years’ worth of data of glucoses and prominent lifestyle details such as diet and exercise to address weight reduction trend pattern and his progressive lifestyle behavior modifications. The research methodology used is the GH-Method: math-physical medicine (MPM) approach which has been developed by the author over the past decade. This “Progressive Behavior Modification” concept is also a part of his Mentality-Personality Modeling (MPM). He addresses the quantitative linkage between obesity physiological phenomena and behavior psychological influences of an obese patient.
Earth is in the Midst of Abrupt, Irreversible Climate Change
Authors:   Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources and the Environment Tucson, Arizona, USA, McPherson Guy R
Published: November 2021

Earth is in the midst of abrupt, irreversible climate change. This ongoing phenomenon poses a major existential risk to Homo sapiens, as well as all other species on Earth. In combination with the ongoing Mass Extinction Event and SARS-CoV-2, further acceleration of climate change seems likely to occur, thereby further exacerbating the existential risk we face.
Car Sharing In a Compact City: Pinning Down the Benefits and Barriers
Authors:   Graduate Programme, Environmental Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, Chapman Ralph , Sobiecki Lucia ,   Graduate Programme, Environmental Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Published: November 2021

New Zealand’s sprawling urban development and high levels of car dependency have resulted in significant environmental impacts, including increased carbon emissions and pollution. Car sharing can support sustainable transport patterns by offering an alternative to private vehicle ownership. Internationally, it has become increasingly popular but is still in the early stages of development in New Zealand. A survey of 356 Wellington residents and interviews with 13 car share stakeholders collected data on interest in car sharing and barriers facing the service in New Zealand’s capital. The results suggest that car sharing could become an important mobility option in Wellington and further policy support for car sharing could enable Wellington to take full advantage of its benefits.
Snow is Not an Enemy, But another Road in Winter
Authors:   Ecology Professor, Academician of the Kazakh National University, Khalidullin Oleg
Published: November 2021

Snowfalls and blizzards block roads and create massive congestion on city streets and long-distance routes. Considering the processes of road surface formation during snowfall, it can be noted that snow during the fall is light fluffs, which, at an indefinite time, with different intensities, at different temperatures, stacked in layers, gradually by the wheels of cars, are compacted into a slippery tuberous canvas. The rubber tread, rolling through the freshly deposited layers, compresses the snow, forming a rut. The resulting trail adheres firmly to the asphalt. Almost all cars go on the trail, therefore the wheels of the following cars condense mainly the same track. On inactive roads, leaving the track during overtaking or detour leads to smoothing and compaction of the freezing walls of the track
‘Green’ Building as an Urban Branding Tool: The Israeli Example
Authors:   Luxembourg Institutes for Socio-economic Research, Machline Elise , Pearlmutter David ,   Ben Gurion University of the Negev
Published: November 2021

Over the last two decades, greenhouse gas abatement through energy conservation has become a major goal in developed countries. This challenges the building sector to become more environmentally responsible and resource-efficient, especially since it represents a large potential source of energy savings. In recognition of the benefits of green building, an increasing number of countries are devising green strategies for both public and private sector construction. Studies have examined the construction cost “premium” involved in achieving green certification, suggesting that the additional costs are relatively low, around 2% on average. Evidence indicates, however, that “green premia” in terms of rental and sales prices of properties in certified green buildings are systematically higher than 2%. Thus, making ‘green’ buildings affordable to sectors of the population which “need” it the most, will likely depend on government funding.
The Impact of a Building Implosion on Ambient Air Quality: A Case Study in an Urban Coastal City
Authors:   Nansen Environmental Research Centre (India), KUFOS Amenity Centre, Madavana Junction, Kochi, India, G Bindu , Farhana C Anju ,   Student, MSc Environmental Science, Department of Environmental sciences, University of Calicut, Kerala
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to assess the impact of implosion of four multi-storied apartments in an urban coastal city, Kochi, India on the ambient air quality. Air quality monitoring was conducted pre and post demolition stages indicated that there was short-term air quality deterioration surrounding the demolition sites. The increase of SPM, PM10 and PM2.5 was above the permissible limits during demolition which reduced afterwards, but was above the ambient level monitored in the pre demolition stage. In the case of SPM the concentration increased to 3004µgm/m3 during implosion in one of the sites, Golden Kayaloram. This site showed PM10 and PM2.5 also to be above permissible limits during implosion. This is followed by the monitoring sites of Jain Coral Cove, which also showed higher concentration levels above permissible limit during demolition. Other apartments, Alfa Serene and Holyfaith share the same monitoring sites and exceeds permissible limit for SPM and PM2.5 during demolition. In general more sites reported concentration above permissible limits for PM2.5. The average air quality after three months of implosion shows that, the pollutant concentration was much higher than the pre-demolition level. These results clearly show that building implosion is having severe impact on local air quality
The Implication of Land Use Land Cover Change on Biodiversity Conservation: An Overview from Protected Areas in Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia, Menbere Israel Petros
Published: November 2021

Conversion of natural habitat to other forms of land use is the main threat to protected areas and biodiversity globally. The continued trend of land use land cover change in protected areas resulted in loss of a large portion of biodiversity, overexploitation by humans, transformation of natural land to human settlement, etc. In Ethiopia, the causes for land use land cover change in many protected areas are farmland expansion, deforestation, unsustainable grazing and settlement expansion, and are leading to loss of biodiversity and negative impacts of ecosystem services. In addition, Ethiopia’s protected areas entertain escalating threats and land cover changes due to human population growth, competing claims from the surrounding communities, incompatible investment, lack of environmental law enforcement, absence of complete plan and timely update for protected areas, etc. These have affected protected areas in the country namely the Bale Mountains National Park, Chocke Mountains, Babile Elephant sanctuary, Abijata Shalla Lakes National Park, Awash National Park and others. The continued land use land cover changes are aggravating ecosystem, soil and water resources degradation in mountainous protected areas while they are leading to biodiversity destruction and loss of forest cover in lowland protected areas. In order to halt and reduce the impact of land cover change on biodiversity conservation, undertaking complete land use planning and continuous monitoring of protected areas was found to be important. Similarly, integrating protected areas into the surrounding landscapes and a broader framework of national plans, promoting income generation means for communities surrounding protected areas, promoting biodiversity conservation directly linked to poverty alleviation, involving local communities and stakeholders in land use planning and sustainable management of protected areas, enhancing sound management in vulnerable mountain protected areas and restoring abandoned lands located in and around protected areas are crucial in the proper land use planning and management of protected areas. In addition, enhancing awareness creation and promoting natural resource information of protected areas and enhancing scientific study on land use land cover change pattern of protected areas are vital to undertake effective land use planning and management of protected areas in Ethiopia.
On The Importance of Ecology and Ecological Education in Modern Conditions
Authors:   Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala, Russia, Medjidovich Guseynov Rizvan , MN Aliev ,   Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala, Russia
Published: November 2021

The specific features of environmental science and environmental education are analyzed in terms of the formation of an environmental outlook among the population and the preservation of the natural environment as the habitat of the human race.
Quantitative and Qualitative Structure Activity Relationship Study for Development of the Pet- Inhibitory Activity of 3-Nitro-2,4,6- Trihydroxy Benzamides
Authors:   Group of Computational and pharmaceutical Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000, Biskra, Algeria, Bouchlaleg Lazhar , Belaidi Salah ,   Group of Computational and pharmaceutical Chemistry, LMCE Laboratory, University of Biskra, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
Published: November 2021

The aim in this paper of these work present two components analyses quantitative and qualitative which consisted in the development and evaluation of the first component quantitative and structure activity relationships (QSAR) for the prediction In fact, various compounds inhibiting photosynthesis constitute the largest class of commercial herbicides. All of those inhibitors, including ureas, triazines, bis carbamates and phenols, interrupt photosynthetic electron transport (PET) by binding to quinine-binding protein (D1-protein). Various physicochemical descriptors were used in multiple linear regressions method (MLR) to develop the theoretical models, than using a cross-validation with leave-one-out method to optimize the model as well as possible to fit with the biological data, the most common approach used to study. The second quality of the compound compared with criteria for their power, these rules Lu Propose the four basic characteristics that Lipinski has identified.
State of Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus in the Lagoon of Orikum in Albania
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Bulevardi Zogu i Pare, 25/1, 1001 Tirana, Albania, Milori Ermira , Ruci Stela ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Bulevardi Zogu i Pare, 25/1, 1001 Tirana, Albania
Published: November 2021

Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896, or as it is otherwise called blue crab, is an invasive species, which was reported for the first time to the Mediterranean Sea in 1949. It has been spread and adapted well to almost the entire Mediterranean and during the recent years even along the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Today it is considered as one of the worst invasive marine species in this region, with an impact on both biodiversity and socio-economic aspects. After a preliminary study on the distribution of blue crab in the Albanian coast, the aim of this study is to provide data on the presence and abundance of this species and to evaluate the population structure by measuring biometric parameters in the lagoon of Orikum. Blue crab observations and collections are conducted almost every month during the period 2012, 2014 and 2015 in the Orikum lagoon. Based on standard method of biometric parameters, measurements of weight, height and width of individuals collected during the study period in the Orikum lagoon were performed. During the study period questionnaires were distributed to local fishermen to collect information on the presence of the blue crab, asses its condition and its possible impact on other populations in the Orikum lagoon.
The Covid-19 Epidemic, China Containment Contexts, and Risk Mitigation, Public Health Lessons Learned, is it Feasible for Europe & Us
Authors:   Department of Health Affairs, Dubai Health Authority, UAE, Hussain Hamid Yahya
Published: November 2021

Despite the high morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 infection china witnessed during the first two months of 2020, and compared to the short time of the epidemic among Wuhan city population in Hubei territory, the response of the health system to the disaster in this country was significantly effective, despite what seemed clear in the early days that the virus was fierce to the point of conquering the capabilities of the country, and it is so explosive, we all had the feeling that China was on the verge of complete collapse within few weeks.
Translation and validation study of Quality of Life Questionnaire for Physiological Pregnancy at Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan
Authors: Rabia Ishaq  , Aiesha Ishaque  , Qaiser Iqbal  , Faisal Shahzad  , Nafees Ahmed  , Fahad Saleem
Published: November 2021

Objective
To examine the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Physiological Pregnancy (QOL-GRAV).
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Obstetrics, Gynecology department of Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta. The QOL-GRAV was translated into Urdu by using a forward-backward procedure. The test-retest reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha reliability analysis. The validity of the translated questionnaire was constructed by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) through principal axis factoring extraction and Oblique rotation with Kaiser Normalization. SPSS v 20.0 was used for data analysis with p<0.05 as significant.
Results
The Urdu version of the questionnaire (QOL-GRAV-U) exhibited acceptable alpha values of 0.780 (Test) and 0.812 (Retest) at two-time points with an overall value of 0.790 (field test). All items of the QOL-GRAV-U showed good stability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient values of > 0.80. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for the factor analysis was 0.812. Barlett’s Test of Sphericity was significant (Chi-square = 1032.43; p < 0.05) revealing relationships of the data and suitability of EFA. Three factors explaining the total variance of 65% were extracted whereby loading values for all nine constructs were acceptable (> 0.40). 
Conclusion
The results of this study conclude that the translated version of QOL-GRAV-U is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of QoL for pregnant women in regions where Urdu is a prime language of communication.
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Endoxifen, A new hope for Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Amin Muneeba , Shafique Alviya , Hafiz Muhammad Yusuf
Published: November 2021

Bipolar Disorder (BD), originally called manic depressive illness, is one of the most challenging and disabling psychiatric disorders to manage with an estimated life time prevalence of 1.02%. (1) One of the challenges is limitations in our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder which ultimately will lead to better treatment options. Despite available treatment options, literature reports breakthrough episodes in treated groups ranging from 40% to 60%. (2) This makes it even more crucial to gain more insight into the pathophysiology. Advances in molecular neuropsychiatry have reported that bipolar disorder is associated with overactive protein C kinase intracellular signaling. (3) Reportedly, lithium and valproate are protein C kinase inhibitors. Research has shown promise in effectiveness of Endoxifen. A multicenter, double-blind, active-controlled study was conducted using Endoxifen compared with Divalproex, the current standard treatment, in patients with BD. This new protein kinase C inhibitor has shown effectiveness in the treatment of acute mania and mixed mania. (4) One of the many advantages include similar efficacy as Divalproax without inducing thrombocytopenia and reportedly no need for drug monitoring due to wide therapeutic index is one of the reasons which results in decreased compliance. Additionally, it crosses the blood-brain barrier independent of CYP-2D6 metabolism. (4) With regards to disadvantages, cost effectiveness is a major hurdle. These new insights into pathophysiology and treatment options are crucial as till date BD remains one the most disabling mental health disorder affecting every aspect of life; individual, social, economic, global. BD is the fifth leading cause among psychiatric disorders of lost years of work. (5) It is therefore imperative that a new treatment is established and further research is warranted in regards to Endoxifen for better understanding to develop safe treatment, not only for management but possible cure.
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COVID-19 and Obesity: When an Epidemic meets a Pandemic
Authors: Paracha Anousheh Awais
Published: November 2021

Obesity has emerged as an epidemic worldwide, with an incidence of more than 40% in the United States and Europe. (2)The results of this study raise major concerns for Pakistan, where food is a major part of the culture. A healthy diet is often misunderstood as the consumption of desi ghee, sweets, and fatty foods.(3) The fast-food industry is growing rapidly in Pakistan, leading to greater consumption of foods rich in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. According to a study by Pellegrini et al., lockdown has contributed to reduced exercise, anxiety, boredom, and unhealthy eating habits.(4) A higher percentage of body fat has increased the risk of multimorbidity which is considered as a risk factor of COVID-19.(5)
A thorough online literature search was carried out on PubMed, and PakMediNet and no research was found assessing the correlation between obesity and COVID-19 in Pakistan. This shows the lack of attention given to this factor in the country.
It is the duty of the physician to educate patients about the possible risks associated with obesity. This should be done keeping in view the patients’ socio-economic background, ensuring that the treatment plan is economically feasible. Patients should be advised to follow a balanced diet including vegetables and organic foods while avoiding junk food and frequent visits to restaurants. Adults and children should follow an active lifestyle where emphasis must be placed on daily exercise, a healthy breakfast, and a proper sleep schedule. It is imperative that patients are aware of the multimorbidity associated with obesity to lessen the burden on the health facilities in Pakistan and promote patient health.
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Trends in Prescribing Patterns and Drug Related Problems of Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Muhammad Arfat Yameen  , Mubashra Tafseer  , Warda Khan  , Sanaa Anjum  , Raza-E-Mustafa  , Ossam Chohan
Published: November 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was the evaluation of drug-related problems, including drug-drug interactions, dose error, use of nephrotoxic drugs and polypharmacy with special emphasis on kidney disease patients.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study from January to April 2019 was carried out in nephrology ward of Ayub teaching hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan to review patient’s medication orders for evaluation of drug-related problems. Doses of medicine and drug-drug interactions were evaluated by comparing it with standard protocols given in BNF and Lexicomp software. Prescriptions were also evaluated for polypharmacy and use of nephrotoxic drugs.
Results: Out of 131 patients, majority were males 72 (55%). Drug-drug interactions were found in 69 (52.7%) patients among which the highest percentage was of the moderate drug-drug interaction (48.1%) followed by major and minor drug-drug interaction (29.8% and 20.6% respectively). Incidence of polypharmacy (51.9%) and use of nephrotoxic drug (77%) was high while dose error was low up to 10.7%. All the drug-related problems were present with a high percentage in patients with CKD as compare to other kidney diseases. There was significant association of CKD stages with DDIs, polypharmacy, dose error and prescribing drugs. There was significant positive correlation among DDIs-polypharmacy and prescribing drugs was noted in the study.
Conclusion: The higher incidence of drug-related problems in our study setting reflects irrational prescribing trends and deficiency of professional staff dealing kidney disease patients.
Key Words: kidney disease, drug-drug interactions, polypharmacy, nephrotoxic drugs, dose error.
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Comparison of commercially available preformed archwires with average natural arch forms
Authors: Mughal Alaina Tariq , Jan Abdullah , Akhtar Obaid , Ghaffar Fareena , Shafique Hafiza Zobia , Shahid Rooma
Published: November 2021

Objective: The research was carried out to compare the dimensions of commercially available preformed archwires with natural arch forms of Pakistani subjects.
Methods: An observational study that lasted for 6 months was conducted at AFID, Rawalpindi. Fifty-two maxillary and mandibular dental casts of orthodontically untreated subjects (26 males and 26 females) were evaluated to obtain arch dimensions at the canines and first molar levels with the help of digital Vernier calipers. Bracket-archwire assembly was constructed to accurately measure widths from bracket-slot (BS) points at both the canine and molar levels, in an attempt to mimic clinical archwire-bracket interface. Canine and molar depths were also recorded for accurate estimation of the digitized archwire widths at the aforementioned levels.
Results: The archwires evaluated for maxilla were significantly wider at canines (42.16 ±1.84mm, p = 0.000) and first molars (58.45 ± 1.33mm, p = 0.014) compared to the canine and molar dimensions of the dental casts obtained from subjects (37.61 ± 3.75mm, 55.68 ± 4.05mm respectively). For mandible, statistically significant differences were found at the canine level where archwires (34.75 ± 1.66mm, p = 0.000) exhibited greater dimensions than mean intercanine widths (29.33 ± 3.35mm) of the subjects.
Conclusion: At present, commercially obtainable preformed archwires are inconsistent with the diverse arch forms manifested in a group of subjects with almost ideal occlusion. Therefore; utilization of these archwires may create unwarranted wider dimensions of the arch form, especially in the intercanine region which can influence post treatment retention, stability and facial esthetics.
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Основы проектирования металлоконструкций подъемно-транспортных машин
Authors:   Брянский государственный технический университет, Гончаров К.А. , Денисов И.А. ,   Брянский государственный технический университет
Published: November 2021

Рассматриваются особенности проектировании типовых элементов металлических конструкций подъемно-транспортных машин. Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов всех форм обучения по специальности «Наземные транспортно-технологические средства» и по направлению подготовки бака-лавров и магистров «Наземные транспортно-технологические комплексы», а также может быть полезно специалистам, проектирующим металлические конструкции подъемно-транспортных машин.
Predicting drought using Bayesian structural time series model
Authors: Wang Sophia , Lee Connor , Pang XL
Published: November 2021

The western U.S. has been experiencing a mega-scale drought since 2000. By killing trees and drying out forests, the drought triggers widespread wildfire activities. In the 2020 California fire season alone, more than 10.3 million acres of land were burned and over 10000 structures were damaged. The estimated cost is over $12 billion. Drought also devastates agriculture and drains the social and emotional well-being of impacted communities. 

This work aims at predicting the occurrence and severity of drought, and thus helping mitigate drought related adversaries. A machine learning based framework was developed, including time series data collection, model training, forecast and visualization. The data source is from the National Drought Monitor center with FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards) geographic identification codes. For model training and forecasting, a Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) based statistical model was employed for a time-series forecasting of drought spatially and temporally. In the model, a time-series component captures the general trend and seasonal patterns in the data; a regression component captures the impact of the drought in measurements such as severity of drought, temperature, etc. The statistical measure, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, was used as the model accuracy metric. The last 10 years of drought data up to 2020-09-01 was used for model training and validation. Back-testing was implemented to validate the model . Afterwards, the drought forecast was generated for the upcoming 3 weeks of the United States based on the unit of county level. 2-D heat maps were also integrated for visual reference.