bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unternehmen oder Unvernehmen? – Über die Krise des Kreativsubjekts und darüber hinaus
Authors: Dzudzek I.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Im Neoliberalismus sind die politischen Handlungsspielräume für das zu Selbstführung und -verwertung verdammte Kreativsubjekt eng geworden und auch im Unternehmen Stadt werden politische Prozesse zunehmend Marktlogiken und „-zwängen“ untergeordnet. Am Beispiel der Auseinandersetzungen über die Planung eines KulturCampus in Frankfurt am Main und mit Hilfe neuerer Theorien des Politischen untersucht dieser Artikel aktuelle Formen des Unvernehmens gegen hegemoniale Formen unternehmerischer Politik und lotet neue Möglichkeiten politischer Subjektivitäten in der kreativen Stadt aus, wie sie derzeit u.a. im Kontext der Recht-auf-Stadt-Bewegung und in den performance studies erprobt werden. Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern diese neuen Formen des Widerstandes in der Lage sind, die marktlogischen, postdemokratischen Regeln von Politik selbst zum Thema, neue Subjektpositionen artikulierbar und Stadt politisch wieder verhandelbar zu machen.
REAL-TIME OBJECT DETECTION, TRACKING, AND 3D POSITIONING IN A MULTIPLE CAMERA SETUP
Authors: Lee Y. J. , Yilmaz A.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. We introduce a real-time object positioning system that naturally combines detection, tracking, and 3D positioning in a multiple camera setup. Depending on the task, the detection, tracking, and positioning steps, when performed independently have limitations due to the loss of temporal and geometric constraints. We conjecture that the detection and tracking steps do not always estimate a correct solution due to incorrect matches, appearance variations or occlusions. In order to offset these problems, we use the geometry between the target object and cameras to refine detection and tracking result and provide persistent and reliable solution to 3D positioning. The geometry is introduced to the detection and tracking steps by simultaneously solving the 3D position of the target object by using a bundle adjustment step. Test results show that the system provides reliable solution at the speed of six to ten frames per second for a four high definition camera setup running on a single computer.
ON-LINE COMPATIBLE ORIENTATION OF A MICRO-UAV BASED ON IMAGE TRIPLETS
Authors: Reich M. , Unger J. , Rottensteiner F. , Heipke C.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. In this paper we present a robust orientation approach for an imaging sensor flown on a micro-UAV based on image triplets. Our aim is to have the orientation available online, i.e. during image acquisition. The resulting point cloud and sensor orientations can then for instance be evaluated for navigation purposes of the UAV or to analyse the completeness of the point cloud. We use low quality imagery extracted from the downlink of an onboard PAL-camera. Trilinear constraints and cross-checked matches allow for a high robustness of the sensor orientation and the sparse 3D point cloud. In order to reach the goal of on-line processing given the large number of observations and unknowns, we make use of an incremental bundle adjustment. Estimated parameters are incrementally improved without explicitly considering previous observations. Our approach combines linear projective geometry for obtaining initial values using the trifocal tensor with non-linear perspective geometry for the estimation of the unknowns. This combination allows for a high precision of the estimation, while eliminating the need for initial values. We evaluate the performance of our approach by means of imagery we acquired of the facade of theWelfenschloss in Hannover, collected with a Microdrones md4-200 micro-UAV. The results are the orientation parameters of the images and a sparse 3D point cloud representing the object. They are compared to those from a commercial bundle adjustment software and analysed in terms of geometric precision.
A Frequency-Domain Implementation of a Sliding-Window Traffic Sign Detector for Large Scale Panoramic Datasets
Authors: Creusen I.M. , Hazelhoff L. , De With P.H.N.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. In large-scale automatic traffic sign surveying systems, the primary computational effort is concentrated at the traffic sign detection stage. This paper focuses on reducing the computational load of particularly the sliding window object detection algorithm which is employed for traffic sign detection. Sliding-window object detectors often use a linear SVM to classify the features in a window. In this case, the classification can be seen as a convolution of the feature maps with the SVM kernel. It is well known that convolution can be efficiently implemented in the frequency domain, for kernels larger than a certain size. We show that by careful reordering of sliding-window operations, most of the frequency-domain transformations can be eliminated, leading to a substantial increase in efficiency. Additionally, we suggest to use the overlap-add method to keep the memory use within reasonable bounds. This allows us to keep all the transformed kernels in memory, thereby eliminating even more domain transformations, and allows all scales in a multiscale pyramid to be processed using the same set of transformed kernels. For a typical sliding-window implementation, we have found that the detector execution performance improves with a factor of 5.3. As a bonus, many of the detector improvements from literature, e.g. chi-squared kernel approximations, sub-class splitting algorithms etc., can be more easily applied at a lower performance penalty because of an improved scalability.
Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Wolff Antonio C. , Hammond M. Elizabeth H. , Hicks David G. , Dowsett Mitch , McShane Lisa M. , Allison Kimberly H. , Allred Donald C. , Bartlett John M.S. , Bilous Michael , Fitzgibbons Patrick , Hanna Wedad , Jenkins Robert B. , Mangu Pamela B. , Paik Soonmyung , Perez Edith A. , Press Michael F. , Spears Patricia A. , Vance Gail H. , Viale Giuseppe , Hayes Daniel F.
Published: October 2013

Purpose.—To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer to improve the accuracy of HER2 testing and its utility as a predictive marker in invasive breast cancer.

Methods.—ASCO/CAP convened an Update Committee that included coauthors of the 2007 guideline to conduct a systematic literature review and update recommendations for optimal HER2 testing.

Results.—The Update Committee identified criteria and areas requiring clarification to improve the accuracy of HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH). The guideline was reviewed and approved by both organizations.

Recommendations.—The Update Committee recommends that HER2 status (HER2 negative or positive) be determined in all patients with invasive (early stage or recurrence) breast cancer on the basis of one or more HER2 test results (negative, equivocal, or positive). Testing criteria define HER2-positive status when (on observing within an area of tumor that amounts to >10% of contiguous and homogeneous tumor cells) there is evidence of protein overexpression (IHC) or gene amplification (HER2 copy number or HER2/CEP17 ratio by ISH based on counting at least 20 cells within the area). If results are equivocal (revised criteria), reflex testing should be performed using an alternative assay (IHC or ISH). Repeat testing should be considered if results seem discordant with other histopathologic findings. Laboratories should demonstrate high concordance with a validated HER2 test on a sufficiently large and representative set of specimens. Testing must be performed in a laboratory accredited by CAP or another accrediting entity. The Update Committee urges providers and health systems to cooperate to ensure the highest quality testing.
Prevention of VTE in orthopedic surgery patients
Authors: Spandonaro Federico , Mancusi Rossella Letizia , Terranova Lorenzo , Giannarelli Diana , Grossi Paolo , Imberti Davide , Mazza Emilio
Published: October 2013

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is defined as the obstruction, partial or complete, of one or more veins of deep circulation. It is a condition that can lead to a deterioration in his state of health until death, manifesting as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). The major orthopedic surgery and the surgical oncology are frequently associated with thromboembolic complications, because of conditions that are often critical in these patients. It is estimated that in Italy DVT has an incidence that varies between 50 and 150 new cases per 100,000 population, while the prevalence would be between 2.5 and 5%. In the absence of thromboprophylaxis, the orthopedic surgery lead to a high increased risk of VTE. In elective hip replacement, in the absence of prophylaxis, the incidence of DVT and of fatal PE is about 50% and 2% respectively. In elective knee arthroplasty the risk of venous thromboembolic complications is even higher. It is estimated that 56.2% of the costs of prophylaxis with Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery are attributable to the cost of drugs (about € 200), followed (with 44.8%) by the cost of administration (approximately € 159). The average total cost/day was estimated at € 8 per patient. In Italy, it has been estimated an annual cost for new cases between 215 and 260 million €. The clinical advantages of the New Oral Anticoagulants (NOA) appear to be substantially clear, the major concern with regard to their reimbursement is therefore linked to the financial impact, due to the higher cost per day of the NOA compared with LMWH. To this end, it was built a model of budget impact, in the perspective of the Italian NHS, from the data related to cases of major surgical orthopedic procedures and a meta-analysis on the pivotal RCT, which aims to measure the differential effects in terms of prevention of VTE. The results show that the financial impact of the NOA in the prophylaxis of major orthopedic surgery is not particularly relevant. In fact, the major pharmaceutical costs that, at national level, amount to € 10.8 mil. (€ 15.2 mil. in the case of prolonged prophylaxis in knee operations) would be more than offset by savings in terms of fewer treatments of VTE, which is based on the assumption of more than 4,000 cases, up to about 6,600 in hypothesis best efficacy.
Contre une littérature de l’épuisement
Authors: Decout Maxime
Published: October 2013

Alors que le début du XXe siècle tend vers une intériorisation de l’aventure qui en diminue la prégnance au sein du réel, Albert Cohen choisit, avecSolal, de s’opposer à tout ce qui pourrait ressembler à une forme ou une autre de littérature de l’épuisement. Faisant du héros qu’est Solal le pivot du romanesque, ce récit tente le pari risqué de maintenir ensemble toutes les formes possibles de l’aventure : épique, chevaleresque, amoureuse, sociale, mythique, biblique, imaginaire, discursive, symbolique… Avec ce roman, Cohen multiplie, pour les essayer et les mettre à l’épreuve, les modèles intertextuels de l’aventure pour en refonder les possibilités. Dans ce jeu de tous les excès, c’est bien une autre façon de concevoir le roman qui est en germe et qui livrera tous ses fruits avec le chef-d’oeuvre de l’auteur,Belle du Seigneur.
Estudo transversal em escolares de 12 anos de idade sobre a necessidade de tratamento, etiologia e ocorrência de traumatismo dentário em Montes Claros, brasil.
Authors: Paiva Paula Cristina Pelli , Paiva Haroldo Neves de , Jorge Kelly Oliva , Filho Paulo Messias de Oliveira
Published: October 2013

Objetivo: Avaliar a necessidade de tratamento, etiologia e o local de ocorrência do acidente que resultou em traumatismo dentário nos incisivos permanentes de escolares com 12 anos de idade, na cidade deMontes Claros. Materiais e Métodos: Para cálculo amostral utilizou-se a variabilidade populacional máxima (0,25), com nível de confiança de 95%, Zα/2 = 1,96; erro de estimação de 4%, d = 0,03. O tamanho daamostra mínima calculada foi 546 crianças, sendo acrescido de 10%, totalizando 638 crianças, selecionadas aleatoriamente nas escolas públicas e particulares. Em um primeiro momento foi investigada a prevalência detraumatismo dentário por meio de exames clínicos adotando a classificação Children´s Dental Health Survey do UK, realizado por um dentista treinado e calibrado (Kappa= 0,87 e 0,96). As crianças foram examinadas naescola sob luz artificial. Após os exames foi aplicado um questionário semi-estruturado direcionado às crianças a fim de investigar o conhecimento da ocorrência de traumatismo dentário, etiologia e local do acidente.Para obtenção dos resultados foi realizada análise descritiva e univariada (teste qui-quadrado). Resultados: A prevalência de traumatismos dentários foi de 34,9% em 605 exames clínicos realizados (94,8%). O traumatismodentário estava presente em 279 incisivos permanentes. A necessidade de tratamento restaurador foi observada em 35,8% dentes (n= 100), sendo que 13,97% deles apresentavam tratamento restaurador (n= 39). O principal fator etiológico foi a queda (49,7%) e a maioria dos escolares relatou que o traumatismo dentário havia ocorrido em casa (48,2%). Conclusão: A necessidade de tratamento restaurador devido ao traumatismo dentário foielevada e o principal fator etiológico foram as quedas ocorridas em casa.Descritores: Traumatismos dentários, Saúde bucal, Dentição permanente, Adolescente.
Metal‐Coordinated Polydopamine Structures for Tumor Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Wang Lihua , Song Kaiyue , Jiang Cong , Liu Shanping , Huang Shaorong , Yang Huang , Li Xianglong , Zhao Feng
Published: July 2024

Meticulously engineered nanomaterials achieve significant advances in the diagnosis and therapy of solid tumors by improving tumor delivery efficiency; and thereby, enhancing imaging and therapeutic efficacy. Currently, polydopamine (PDA) attracts widespread attention because of its biocompatibility, simplicity of preparation, abundant surface groups, and high photothermal conversion efficiency, which can be applied in drug delivery, photothermal therapy, theranostics, and other nanomedicine fields. Inspired by PDA structures that are rich in catechol and amino functional groups that can coordinate with various metal ions, which have charming qualities and characteristics, metal‐coordinated PDA structures are exploited for tumor theranostics, but are not thoroughly summarized. Herein, this review summarizes the recent progress in the fabrication of metal‐coordinated PDA structures and their availabilities in tumor imaging and therapy, with further in‐depth discussion of the challenges and future perspectives of metal‐coordinated PDA structures, with the aim that this systematic review can promote interdisciplinary intersections and provide inspiration for the further growth and clinical translation of PDA materials.
Multifunctional Nanomesh Enables Cellular‐Resolution, Elastic Neuroelectronics
Authors: Ryu Jaehyeon , Qiang Yi , Chen Longtu , Li Gen , Han Xun , Woon Eric , Bai Tianyu , Qi Yongli , Zhang Shaopeng , Liou Jyun‐you , Seo Kyung Jin , Feng Bin , Fang Hui
Published: July 2024

Silicone‐based devices have the potential to achieve an ideal interface with nervous tissue but suffer from scalability, primarily due to the mechanical mismatch between established electronic materials and soft elastomer substrates. This study presents a novel approach using conventional electrode materials through multifunctional nanomesh to achieve reliable elastic microelectrodes directly on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone with an unprecedented cellular resolution. This engineered nanomesh features an in‐plane nanoscale mesh pattern, physically embodied by a stack of three thin‐film materials by design, namely Parylene‐C for mechanical buffering, gold (Au) for electrical conduction, and Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) for improved electrochemical interfacing. Nanomesh elastic neuroelectronics are validated using single‐unit recording from the small and curvilinear epidural surface of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) with device self‐conformed and superior recording quality compared to plastic control devices requiring manual pressing is demonstrated. Electrode scaling studies from in vivo epidural recording further revealed the need for cellular resolution for high‐fidelity recording of single‐unit activities and compound action potentials. In addition to creating a minimally invasive device to effectively interface with DRG sensory afferents at a single‐cell resolution, this study establishes nanomeshing as a practical pathway to leverage traditional electrode materials for a new class of elastic neuroelectronics.
Controlled Migration of Lithium Cations by Diamine Bridges in Water‐Processable Polymer‐Based Solid‐State Electrolyte Memory Layers for Organic Synaptic Transistors
Authors: Lee Woongki , Kim Taehoon , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo
Published: July 2024

Synaptic transistors require sufficient retention (memory) performances of current signals to exactly mimic biological synapses. Ion migration has been proposed to achieve high retention characteristics but less attention has been paid to polymer‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) for organic synaptic transistors (OSTRs). Here, OSTRs with water‐processable polymer‐based SSEs, featuring ion migration‐controllable molecular bridges, which are prepared by reactions of poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) are demonstrated. The ion conductivity of PSSA:LiOH:DETA (1:0.4:X, PLiD) films is remarkably changed by the molar ratio (X) of DETA, which is attributed to the extended distances between the PSSA chains by the DETA bridges. The devices with the PLiD layers deliver noticeably changed hysteresis reaching an optimum at X = 0.2, leading to the longest retention of current signals upon single/double pulses. The long‐term potentiation test confirms that the present OSTRs can gradually build up the postsynaptic current by gate pulses of −2 V, while the long‐term depression can be adjusted by varying the depression gate pulses (≈0.2–1.2 V). The artificial neural network simulations disclose that the present OSTRs with the ion migration‐controlled PLiD layers can perform synaptic processes with an accuracy of ≈96%.
Blue Laser Triggered Hemostatic Peptide Hydrogel for Gastrointestinal Bleeding Treatment
Authors: Luo Qiang , Luo Jie , Luan Zhaohui , Xu Kaige , Tian Lixing , Zhang Kebin , Peng Xue , Yuan Mengxue , Zheng Chuanhao , Shu Zhenzhen , Zhang Yuchen , Tan Shali , Dan Ruijue , Mequanint Kibret , Fan Chaoqiang , Xing Malcolm , Yang Shiming
Published: July 2024

In an emergency, nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), endoscopic hemostasis is considered the gold standard intervention. However, current endoscopic hemostasis is very challenging to manage bleeding in large‐diameter or deep lesions highly prone to rebleeding risk. Herein, a novel hemostatic peptide hydrogel (HPH) is reported, consisting of a self‐assembly peptide sequence CFLIVIGSIIVPGDGVPGDG (PFV) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), which can be triggered by blue laser endoscopy (BLE) for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding treatment without recurring bleeding concerns. Upon contact with GelMA solution, PFV immediately fibrillates into β‐sheet nanofiber and solvent‐induced self‐assembly to form HPH gel. HPH nanofiber networks induced ultrafast coagulation by enveloping blood cells and activating platelets and coagulation factors even to the blood with coagulopathy. Besides its remarkable hemostatic performance in artery and liver injury models, HPH achieves instant bleeding management in porcine NVUGIB models within 60 s by preventing the rebleeding risk. This work demonstrates an extraordinary hemostatic agent for NVUGIB intervention by BLE for the first time, broadening potential application scenarios, including patients with coagulopathy and promising clinical prospects.
A Universal Biocompatible and Multifunctional Solid Electrolyte in p‐Type and n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Complementary Circuits and Bioelectronic Interfaces
Authors: Tang Cindy G. , Wu Ruhua , Chen Yingjun , Zhou Zhongliang , He Qiang , Li Ting , Wu Xihu , Hou Kunqi , Kousseff Christina J. , McCulloch Iain , Leong Wei Lin
Published: July 2024

The development of soft and flexible devices for collection of bioelectrical signals is gaining momentum for wearable and implantable applications. Among these devices, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) stand out due to their low operating voltage and large signal amplification capable of transducing weak biological signals. While liquid electrolytes have demonstrated efficacy in OECTs, they limit its operating temperature and pose challenges for electronic packaging due to potential leakage. Conversely, solid electrolytes offer advantages such as mechanical flexibility, robustness against environmental factors, and ability to bridge the interface between rigid dry electronics systems and soft wet biological tissues. However, few systems have demonstrated generality and compatibility with a wide range of state‐of‐the‐art organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs). This paper introduces a highly stretchable, flexible, biocompatible, self‐healable gelatin‐based solid‐state electrolyte, compatible with both p‐ and n‐type OMIEC channels while maintaining high performance and excellent stability. Furthermore, this nonvolatile electrolyte is stable up to 120 °C and exhibits high ionic conductivity even in dry environment. Additionally, an OECT‐based complementary inverter with a record‐high normalized‐gain of 228 V−1 and a corresponding ultralow static power consumption of 1 nW is demonstrated. These advancements pave the way for versatile applications ranging from bioelectronics to power‐efficient implants.
A Single‐Dose mRNA Vaccine Employing Porous Silica Nanoparticles Induces Robust Immune Responses Against the Zika Virus
Authors: Shin Hojeong , Kang Seounghun , Won Cheolhee , Min Dal‐Hee
Published: July 2024

Recently, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)‐based mRNA delivery has been approved by the FDA for SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines. However, there are still considerable points for improvement in LNPs. Especially, local administration of LNPs‐formulated mRNA can cause off‐target translation of mRNA in distal organs which can induce unintended adverse effects. With the hypothesis that large and rigid nanoparticles can be applied to enhance retention of nanoparticles at the injection site, a polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐coated porous silica nanoparticles (PPSNs)‐based mRNA delivery platform is designed. PPSNs not only facilitate localized translation of mRNA at the site of injection but also prolonged protein expression. It is further demonstrated that the development of a highly efficacious Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine using mRNA encoding full‐length ZIKV pre‐membrane (prM) and envelope (E) protein delivered by PPSNs. The ZIKV prME mRNA‐loaded PPSNs vaccine elicits robust immune responses, including high levels of neutralizing antibodies and ZIKV E‐specific T cell responses in C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, a single injection of prME‐PPSNs vaccine provided complete protection against the ZIKV challenge in mice.
Stretchable Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Array with Sophisticated Sensitivity, Strain‐Insensitivity, and Reproducibility
Authors: Choi Su Bin , Noh Taejoon , Jung Seung‐Boo , Kim Jong‐Woong
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the development of a novel 10 by 10 sensor array featuring 100 pressure sensor pixels, achieving remarkable sensitivity up to 888.79 kPa−1, through the innovative design of sensor structure. The critical challenge of strain sensitivity inherent is addressed in stretchable piezoresistive pressure sensors, a domain that has seen significant interest due to their potential for practical applications. This approach involves synthesizing and electrospinning polybutadiene‐urethane (PBU), a reversible cross‐linking polymer, subsequently coated with MXene nanosheets to create a conductive fabric. This fabrication technique strategically enhances sensor sensitivity by minimizing initial current values and incorporating semi‐cylindrical electrodes with Ag nanowires (AgNWs) selectively coated for optimal conductivity. The application of a pre‐strain method to electrode construction ensures strain immunity, preserving the sensor's electrical properties under expansion. The sensor array demonstrated remarkable sensitivity by consistently detecting even subtle airflow from an air gun in a wind sensing test, while a novel deep learning methodology significantly enhanced the long‐term sensing accuracy of polymer‐based stretchable mechanical sensors, marking a major advancement in sensor technology. This research presents a significant step forward in enhancing the reliability and performance of stretchable piezoresistive pressure sensors, offering a comprehensive solution to their current limitations.
Saprolegniosis in aquaculture and how to control it?
Authors: Lindholm‐Lehto Petra Camilla , Pylkkö Päivi
Published: July 2024

Saprolegniosis, also called water mould, induces a cotton or wool‐like white growth on fish skin. It can kill fish at all stages of life, from eggs to adults. It is caused by oomycetes from the genus Saprolegnia and causes fish mortality and huge financial losses to fish farms and hatcheries. Saprolegnia species are endemic and ubiquitous in all freshwater habitats around the world. The exposing factors for saprolegniosis are still largely unknown, but stressors such as temperature shocks, poor water quality, handling and high fish density have been associated with outbreaks. For decades, malachite green was the most effective treatment against Saprolegnia infection, but it has been banned due to its carcinogenic and toxic effects. This has forced farmers to use alternative disinfection methods against Saprolegnia infection, such as hydrogen peroxide, formalin, Bronopol, NaCl, acetic acid and ozone, although many may have safety concerns or are impractical to use. This has led to the investigation of plant‐based compounds with antifungal and antibacterial properties against saprolegniosis. These include extracts of certain herbs, onion, garlic, extracts of the plant Chrysanthemum, essential oils of Eryngium campestre, Mentha piperita, Cuminum cyminum and Thymus linearis, which include a variety of phenolic compounds and fatty acids with antifungal properties. This review combines the current knowledge regarding the predisposing factors to Saprolegnia infections and current methods to prevent and treat them, including those under further research. Thus far, many compounds have been tested and studied, but an effective, suitable and safe compound to treat Saprolegnia infection remains to be found.
Medical School Regulatory Compliance Burdens for the Physician‐Scientist
Authors: Carmichael S. Thomas
Published: July 2024

Medical school research faculty is increasingly required to complete more comprehensive and time consuming compliance steps for regulatory oversight. These relate to animal studies, information technology, biosafety, and human resources. For physician‐scientists, the additional role in clinical care adds to these research areas with regulatory compliance in patient care and ever‐growing web trainings. The sum of all these compliance regimes is a considerable time and cost burden, diminished research performance, and disengagement of faculty from colleagues, collaborations, and institutions. Many research and clinical compliance processes were put in place, often using legacy systems, in well‐meaning attempts to address straightforward regulations in humane animal care, safe use of biological agents, and medical care delivery. However, their accumulation and negative impact on faculty performance demand time, energy, and resources that impact academic productivity. There are solutions to a relentlessly increasing regulatory load for research faculty, which involve vertical integration, convergence, and performance assessment in medical school and health system compliance regimes. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:417–422
m‐Pyripentaphyrins(1.0.0.0.0): BIII Complexes and β‐β Directly Linked Dimers
Authors: Wu Liuhui , Li Pei , Xu Ling , Rao Yutao , Yin Bangshao , Zhou Mingbo , Song Jianxin , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: July 2024

m‐Pyripentaphyrins(1.0.0.0.0) were synthesized by Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of 3,5‐bis(5‐borylpyrrol‐2‐yl)‐BODIPY with 2,6‐dibromopyridine. Upon treatment with PhBCl2, pyripentaphyrin 1 provided mono‐ and bis‐BIII complexes sequentially. The Mono‐BIII complex shows a distorted tetrahedral coordinated BIII with a σ‐phenyl ligand on the BIII and the bis‐BIII complex shows an additional distorted tetrahedral coordinated BIII with a B−H bond. Bromination of the pyripentaphyrins with N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) resulted in regioselective formation of 8‐bromopyripentaphyrins, which were dimerized to 8,8’‐linked dimers by reductive coupling with Ni(cod)2. While all these pyripentaphyrins are nonaromatic, they exhibit characteristic broad absorption bands at long wavelength near the NIR region, indicating the presence of effective macrocyclic conjugation.
Alcohol regeneration of anion exchange resin loaded with per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances and organic contaminants
Authors: Graham Cole , Kassar Christian , Boyer Treavor H.
Published: July 2024

Hydrophobic ionizable organic compounds (HIOCs) like per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, and surfactants have been detected in water supplies. Anion exchange is an effective process for the removal of HIOCs from water. Regeneration solution comprising methanol (ca. 75% v/v) and brine is used to effectively desorb HIOCs from resins to overcome the combination of electrostatic and non‐electrostatic interactions. This research investigated different mono‐ and polyhydroxy alcohol cosolvents with brine to regenerate resins saturated with HIOCs to understand the effects of cosolvent properties on regeneration. For PFAS desorption using 25% v/v alcohol in 5% NaCl solution, regeneration efficiency increased in the order methanol < ethanol < 1‐propanol. Experiments with the pharmaceutical diclofenac and surfactant dodecylbenzene sulfonate showed similar regeneration efficiency using 75% v/v methanol in 5% NaCl solution and 25% v/v 1‐propanol in 5% NaCl solution and higher regeneration efficiency using 1‐propanol than ethanol or methanol at the same volume fraction.
Kritische Betrachtung von Temperaturkriterien zur Kontrolle der erhärtungsbedingten Rissgefahr
Authors: Schlicke Dirk , Krenn Christina
Published: July 2024

Für die Betonherstellung auf der Baustelle werden diverse Begrenzungen der Betontemperatur vorgeschrieben. Vorrangig zielen diese auf die Sicherstellung der Verarbeitbarkeit des Frischbetons unter extremen Witterungsbedingungen sowie eine ordnungsgemäße Hydratation ab. Darüber hinaus bestehen für bestimmte Anwendungen zusätzliche Regelungen für die Betontemperatur, um die erhärtungsbedingte Rissgefahr bzw. Rissintensität infolge Zwangs zu reduzieren. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die maximale Bauteiltemperatur, die maximale Frischbetontemperatur oder auch die maximale Temperaturgradiente über den Querschnitt pauschal begrenzt. Allerdings werden diese Grenzwerte unabhängig von der Umgebungstemperatur definiert. Inwieweit diese Temperaturgrenzen für die erhärtungsbedingte Rissgefahr gerechtfertigt sind, wird mit thermomechanischen Simulationen an 3D‐Volumenmodellen untersucht. Im Detail wird die erhärtungsbedingte Temperatur‐ und Spannungsentwicklung infolge der Betonerhärtung für unterschiedliche Bauteiltypen und Umgebungsrandbedingungen simuliert und hinsichtlich der einhergehenden Rissgefahr ausgewertet. Die systematische Auswertung der Ergebnisse zeigt, dass die pauschalen Begrenzungen der maximalen Bauteiltemperatur und der Frischbetontemperatur lediglich pragmatische Lösungen für die Kontrolle der erhärtungsbedingten Rissgefahr darstellen und in manchen Fällen auch nicht zielsicher greifen. Für eine effektive Steuerung sind diese Grenzwerte daher stets in Zusammenhang mit den klimatischen Randbedingungen zu definieren.
Biomass‐based functional separators for rechargeable batteries
Authors: Xia Yongbo , Wang Lei , Li Xiaoru , Liao Tingting , Zhai Jichao , Wang Xiaohui , Huo Kaifu
Published: July 2024

The global transition toward sustainable energy sources has prompted a paradigm shift in the field of energy storage. The separator is an important component in rechargeable batteries, which facilitates the rapid passage of ions and ensures the safety and efficiency of the electrochemical process by preventing direct contact between the anode and cathode. Traditional polyolefin‐based separators induce environmental concerns due to their nonbiodegradable nature. Biomass‐based separators derived from renewable sources such as plant fibers, agricultural waste, and biopolymers have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional polymer separators. In this review, we summarize the current state and development of biomass‐based separators for high‐performance batteries, including innovative manufacturing techniques, novel biomass materials, functionalization strategies, performance evaluation methods, and potential applications. The review also delves into the environmental impact and sustainability analysis of biomass‐based separators, offering insights into the potential of biomass as the most sustainable resource for future energy storage solutions. This review could provide a holistic understanding of the advancements and potential of biomass‐based separators, shedding light on the path toward sustainable and efficient energy storage based on biomass‐derived separators.
Learn how to create lawful selection policy for student organizations
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: July 2024

Colleges and universities are still finding their footing after Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College (referred to as “SFFA”), 600 U.S. 181 (2023). In SFFA, the U.S. Supreme Court found that race‐based admission processes at colleges and universities were unconstitutional, overturning decades of precedent.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: July 2024

A Weber State University graduate student began private therapy sessions with a university psychology professor at his private counseling practice in an off‐campus office.
Supported Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles: The Influence of Mesoporous Materials and their Role in Methyl Phenyl Sulfide Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Ortenzi Georgina P. , Leal‐Marchena Candelaria , Gómez Costa Marcos B. , Laura Martínez M.
Published: July 2024

The effect of the support in the incorporation of cobalt oxide nanoparticles on mesoporous materials (SBA‐15) and mesoporous cellular foam (MCF) was investigated. The materials were characterized using various techniques. The XRD diffraction patterns showed that the porous structures remained after cobalt incorporation, while high‐angle XRD of the MCF showed CoO peaks, in contrast to Co‐SBA‐15 which exhibited Co3O4. This was confirmed by XPS technique. The SEM‐EDS and HRTEM‐STEM microscopy indicate a distribution of cobalt oxides uniform in the samples synthesized and the average size of the particles is 1.88 nm. H2‐TPR analysis highlighted the interaction between the support surfaces and the metal oxide (SMSI). It was observed that in the SBA‐15 structure, small clusters of cobalt oxide formed with a strong interaction with silica, leading to high reduction temperatures. The catalysts activity was characterized in oxidation reactions of Methyl Phenyl Sulfide and a correlation was observed between the characterization results and the enhanced selectivity and yield towards sulfone exhibited by Co‐MCF.
Designing Efficient 2D Photocatalysts through Coordination Activation Mediated Surface Engineering
Authors: Shi Yingzhang , Wang Zhiwen , Song Yujie , Yu Jimmy C. , Wu Ling
Published: July 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors with unique structures and surface physicochemical characteristics have been extensively employed for efficient photocatalysis. Recently, surface coordination activation interactions have obtained attention in promoting photocatalytic efficiency as they establish bridges between reactants and photocatalysts. Accordingly, a burgeoning trend in the design of 2D photocatalysts is regulating the surface active centers for coordinating with reactants. These attempts have developed various effective strategies to optimize the 2D photocatalysts and provide in‐depth insights into the structure‐function relationship for heterogeneous photocatalysis. Herein, we summarize recent advances in surface engineering in designing efficient 2D photocatalysts, focusing on coordination activation. We emphasize the advantages of coordination activation as a versatile medium for engineering the surface of photocatalysts. In particular, the discussion includes various strategies for surface engineering and the structure‐function relationship in photocatalysis. This work systematically concludes the significance and future challenges of coordination activation in the surface functionalization of 2D photocatalysis, shedding light on the design of next‐generation photocatalysts.
Automating computational design with generative AI
Authors: Ploennigs Joern , Berger Markus
Published: July 2024

AI image generators based on diffusion models have recently garnered attention for their capability to create images from simple text prompts. However, for practical use in civil engineering they need to be able to create specific construction plans for given constraints. This paper investigates the potential of current AI generators in addressing such challenges, specifically for the creation of simple floor plans. We explain how the underlying diffusion‐models work and propose novel refinement approaches to improve semantic encoding and generation quality. In several experiments we show that we can improve validity of generated floor plans from 6% to 90%. Based on these results we derive future research challenges considering building information modeling. With this we provide: (i) evaluation of current generative AIs; (ii) propose improved refinement approaches; (iii) evaluate them on various examples; (iv) derive future directions for diffusion models in civil engineering.
Correcting Edge Defects in Self‐Assembled Monolayers through Thermal Annealing
Authors: Pauls Alana , Dunnum Ally , Martin Andrew , Huth Ava , Du Chuanshen , Thuo Martin
Published: July 2024

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are emerging as platform technology for a myriad of applications, yet they still possess varied spatial stability and predictability issues as their properties are heavily dependent on subtle structural features. Reducing entropy within such a system serves as one of many potential solutions to increase order and therefore coherence/precision in measured properties. Here we explore controlled thermal annealing to improve edge disorders in SAMs and significantly reduce data variance. Using both odd‐ and even‐numbered n‐alkanethiol SAMs on Au, we observe statistically significant difference in the contact angles between edge and center. Thermal annealing at 40 °C significantly narrows differences between edges and centre of the SAM, albeit with significant reduction in the parity dependent odd‐even effect. This study provides a pathway to improve SAMs consistency through minimal external perturbation as reflected by the minimization of odd‐even effect as SAMs become increasingly ordered.
Patient experience of the process to diagnosis of chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia: A qualitative study
Authors: Atkins Eleanor , Kellar Ian , Birmpili Panagiota , Boyle Jonathan R. , Pherwani Arun D. , Chetter Ian , Cromwell David A.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Delays exist at each stage of the chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia (CLTI) care pathway, but there is little known about patient factors influencing delay to diagnosis of CLTI. This study explores the experiences and perceptions of patients recently diagnosed with CLTI.

Methods

A qualitative interview study was conducted. Sixteen participants underwent semi‐structured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was performed on the data, aiming to understand factors which can influence delay in the CLTI care pathway.

Results

Five interrelated themes were developed: CLTI is a devastating condition; Reluctance to ask for help; When we are empowered we get better care; Luck plays a role in the process to diagnosis; and Vascular units can do better, comprising sub‐themes of information transfer—consider communication and arterial versus non‐arterial centres—proximity isn't everything.

Conclusions

The five themes generated from the interview data describe factors relevant to delay given meaning by participants who have lived experience of CLTI. Theme content should be noted by clinicians, commissioners and providers looking to improve care pathways for patients with CLTI. The importance of awareness for the public, patients and clinicians linked ideas in some themes and interventions to raise awareness should be considered.
Emerging role of local treatment in the era of advanced systemic treatment in pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yun Won‐Gun , Han Youngmin , Jung Hye‐Sol , Kwon Wooil , Park Joon Seong , Jang Jin‐Young
Published: July 2024

Background

Approximately 50% of pancreatic cancer cases are diagnosed with distant metastases, commonly in the liver, leading to poor prognosis. With modern chemotherapy regimens extending patient survival and stabilizing metastasis, there has been a rise in the use of local treatments. However, the effectiveness for local treatment remains unclear.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting the survival outcomes of pancreatic cancer cases with isolated synchronous or metachronous liver metastases who underwent curative‐intent local treatment. Hazard ratios were combined using a random‐effects model.

Results

The full texts of 102 studies were screened, and 14 retrospective studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Among patients with synchronous liver metastases, overall survival was significantly better in those who underwent curative‐intent local treatment than in those who did not (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–0.52). Among patients with metachronous liver metastases, overall survival was also significantly better in those who underwent curative‐intent local treatment than in those who did not (HR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19–0.73).

Conclusions

Curative‐intent local treatment may be a feasible option for highly selected pancreatic cancer cases with liver metastases. However, the optimal strategy for local treatments should be explored in future studies.
Multicenter study comparing EUS‐guided hepaticogastrostomy and ERCP for malignant biliary obstruction in patients with accessible papillae
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Ishiwatari Hirotoshi , Hijioka Susumu , Takeshita Kotaro , Sato Junya , Takenaka Mamoru , Fukunaga Tomohiro , Omoto Shunsuke , Fujimori Nao , Ohno Akihisa , Hatamaru Keiichi , Tamura Takaaki , Imai Hajime , Yamada Masanori , Hakoda Akitoshi , Nishikawa Hiroki , Kitano Masayuki
Published: July 2024

Background

One advantage of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS‐HGS) is that it is difficult for reflux cholangitis, caused by duodenal pressure increasing due to duodenal obstruction, to occur. In addition, since stent deployment is performed away from the malignant stricture site, longer stent patency than with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be obtained. However, no study has previously compared EUS‐HGS and ERCP for patients without duodenal obstruction or surgically altered anatomy. The aim of the present study was to compare clinical outcomes between EUS‐HGS and ERCP in normal anatomy patients without duodenal obstruction.

Method

In the ERCP group, patients who initially underwent biliary drainage were included. In the EUS‐HGS group, patients who underwent EUS‐HGS due to failed biliary cannulation were included. Patients with an inaccessible papilla, such as with surgically altered anatomy or duodenal obstruction, were excluded.

Results

A total of 314 patients who underwent ERCP and EUS‐HGS were enrolled in this study. Of the 314 patients, 289 underwent biliary stenting under ERCP guidance, and 25 patients underwent biliary stenting under EUS‐HGS. After propensity score‐matching analysis, the adverse event rate tended to be lower in the EUS‐HGS group than in the ERCP group. Although overall survival was not significantly different between the EUS‐HGS and ERCP groups (p = .228), stent patency was significantly longer in the EUS‐HGS group (median 366.0 days) than in the ERCP group (median 76.5 days).

Conclusions

EUS‐HGS had a lower adverse event rate, shorter procedure time, and longer stent patency than ERCP in cases of normal anatomy without duodenal obstruction.
Predicting early rebleeding and mortality after endoscopic hemostasis of esophagogastric varices: Diagnostic performance of aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index and model for end‐stage liver disease‐Na score
Authors: Yokoyama Shinya , Honda Takashi , Ishizu Yoji , Imai Norihiro , Ito Takanori , Yamamoto Kenta , Mizuno Kazuyuki , Nakamura Masanao , Kawashima Hiroki
Published: July 2024

Background

Endoscopic variceal ligation and sclerotherapy are recommended for esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB) in cirrhosis but can be complicated by early rebleeding and death. This study aimed to identify noninvasive markers accurately predicting early rebleeding and mortality after endoscopic hemostasis for EGVB.

Methods

Among 116 patients with endoscopically confirmed EGVB and endoscopic hemostasis, various noninvasive markers were calculated, and their predictive accuracy was compared by receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis. Endpoints included 5‐day rebleeding, 5‐day mortality, 6‐week rebleeding, and 6‐week mortality.

Results

The median age was 63 years. Child‐Pugh class B and C patients accounted for 40.5% and 34.5%, respectively. Only the aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI) significantly predicted 5‐day rebleeding, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.777 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.537–1). The model for end‐stage liver disease‐Na (MELD‐Na) score showed good predictive accuracy for 5‐day mortality (AUC: 0.839, 95% CI: 0.681–0.997), 6‐week rebleeding (AUC: 0.797, 95% CI: 0.663–0.932), and 6‐week mortality (AUC: 0.888, 95% CI: 0.797–0.979).

Conclusions

Patients with cirrhosis with a high APRI and MELD‐Na score were at high risk of early rebleeding and death after EGVB. Allocating appropriate monitoring and care for those patients is necessary.