bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Does it Mean to call God Good?
Authors: Sivyer Philip Peter
Published: May 2023

Contemporary expositions of God's goodness commonly err either (1) by subjecting God to moral laws, which is to question His sovereignty, or (2) by failing to establish that God will always act in accordance with moral principles, which removes the theist's ability to appeal to God's goodness in response to problems of evil. Current attempts at intermediate positions which avoid these two problems fall short. In this paper, I aim to construct a better intermediate position and account of God's goodness. I do this by claiming that God's ability to create is best explained in terms of God's self‐love. Since God, as the greatest possible being, must be able to create, He must love Himself. I argue that this in turn entails that God loves all things, since by loving Himself, God loves the pre‐existent ideas of everything that will come to exist, and by extension the things themselves. This, I argue, allows us to have confidence that God will act in accordance with moral principles, but without subjecting Him to moral laws.
Differential diagnosis of lymphocytosis in routine laboratory practice: Contribution of lymphocyte parameters using the Sysmex‐XN9000 haematology analyzer
Authors: Poutakidou Danai , Ruth Isabelle , Gulbis Beatrice
Published: May 2023

Introduction

This study investigates the potential contribution of structural and dispersion parameters, as well as alarms provided by Sysmex XN9000 haematology analyzer. The objective was to assess the need for a microscopic examination in the context of lymphocytosis. It also aims to contribute in differentiating rapidly lymphoproliferative disorders such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), non‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (NON‐CLL) and non‐infectious reactive lymphocytosis (REAC).

Methods

We prospectively assessed lymphocyte parameters (Ly‐X, Ly‐Y, Ly‐Z, Ly‐WX, Ly‐WY, Ly‐WZ) provided by the Sysmex XN9000 analyzer; they were measured in the white blood cell differential (WDF) channel which also provides alarms via the precursor/pathological cellular channel (WPC). Blood samples from 71 subjects with CLL, NON‐CLL lymphoproliferative and REAC non‐infectious reactive lymphocytosis, as well as a control (NORM) group of 12 subjects without any abnormalities were analyzed.

Results

The most discriminating parameters to distinguish the different groups were Ly‐X, Ly‐Z and Ly‐WZ. The lymphoid structural parameters Ly‐X and Ly‐Z significantly discriminated the CLL group from the other groups (p < 0.001), and the CLL group from the REAC group (p < 0.01), respectively. The Ly‐WZ parameter discriminated the CLL group from the NON‐CLL, REAC (p < 0.001) and NORM (p < 0.01) groups. Alarms were higher in all study groups compared to the NORM group. An algorithm integrating these structural and alarm parameters is proposed.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that Ly‐X, Ly‐Z, and Ly‐WZ lymphocyte parameters are useful for detecting morphological changes in lymphocytes; they provide useful information for the differential diagnosis of lymphocytosis, and this before the examination of the blood smear. An algorithm combining the WDF (parameters) and the WPC (alarms) makes it possible to decide whether or not to use a microscopic examination or flow cytometry immunophenotyping.
Mitofusin 1 overexpression rescues the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics caused by the Mitofusin 2 K357T mutation in vitro
Authors: Stavropoulos Filippos , Georgiou Elena , Schiza Natasa , Bell Shaughn , Baloh Robert H. , Kleopa Kleopas A. , Sargiannidou Irene
Published: May 2023

Background and aims

Mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and MFN2 are outer mitochondrial membrane fusogenic proteins regulating mitochondrial network morphology. MFN2 mutations cause Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth type 2A (CMT2A), an axonal neuropathy characterized by mitochondrial fusion defects, which in the case of a GTPase domain mutant, were rescued following wild‐type MFN1/2 (MFN1/2WT) overexpression. In this study, we compared the therapeutic efficiency between MFN1WT and MFN2WT overexpression in correcting mitochondrial defects induced by the novel MFN2K357T mutation located in the highly conserved R3 region.

Methods

Constructs expressing either MFN2K357T, MFN2WT, or MFN1WT under the ubiquitous chicken β‐actin hybrid (CBh) promoter were generated. Flag or myc tag was used for their detection. Differentiated SH‐SY5Y cells were single transfected with MFN1WT, MFN2WT, or MFN2K357T, as well as double transfected with MFN2K357T/MFN2WT or MFN2K357T/MFN1WT.

Results

SH‐SY5Y cells transfected with MFN2K357T exhibited severe perinuclear mitochondrial clustering with axon‐like processes devoid of mitochondria. Single transfection with MFN1WT resulted in a more interconnected mitochondrial network than transfection with MFN2WT, accompanied by mitochondrial clusters. Double transfection of MFN2K357T with either MFN1WT or MFN2WT resolved the mutant‐induced mitochondrial clusters and led to detectable mitochondria throughout the axon‐like processes. MFN1WT showed higher efficacy than MFN2WT in rescuing these defects.

Interpretation

These results further demonstrate the higher potential of MFN1WT over MFN2WT overexpression to rescue CMT2A‐induced mitochondrial network abnormalities due to mutations outside the GTPase domain. This higher phenotypic rescue conferred by MFN1WT, possibly due to its higher mitochondrial fusogenic ability, may be applied to different CMT2A cases regardless of the MFN2 mutation type.
A novel microcoring technology: A completely new concept of enlarged pore treatment
Authors: Yi Kyu‐Ho , Bae Hyungkyu , Kim Sung‐Yeon , Park Hyun‐Jun , Yoon Jeung‐Hyun , Cho Hyun‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: May 2023

Background

Enlarged facial pores are a common dermatological and cosmetic concern, which are difficult to treat because their pathogenesis is multifactorial. Many technological treatments have been developed to treat enlarged pores. Despite these efforts, enlarged pores remain problematic for many patients.

Objectives

Microcoring technology has recently been developed to treat pores and serve as a leading primary treatment option to address these concerns.

Methods

Three patients underwent a single treatment of rotational fractional resection. The 0.5 mm diameter rotating scalpels were used to resect the skin pores in the cheek region. The resected site was evaluated 30 days after treatment, and the patients underwent scanning in bilateral 45° views at 60 cm from the face with the same brightness setting.

Results

The three patients improved in terms of enlarged pores and had no severe skin‐related adverse effects. Furthermore, the three patients showed satisfactory treatment outcomes after 30 days of follow‐up.

Conclusion

Rotational fractional resection is a new concept that produces measurable permanent results for enlarged pore removal. These cosmetic procedures produced promising outcomes in a single treatment. However, the current clinical procedures trend demands minimally invasive treatment for enlarged pores.
Long‐term effectiveness of a novel intra‐oral electro‐stimulator for the treatment of dry mouth in patients with Sjogren's syndrome: A randomised sham‐controlled feasibility study (LEONIDAS‐1)
Authors: Fedele Stefano , Al‐Hamad Arwa , Mercadante Valeria , Porter Stephen , Isenberg David , Poveda‐Gallego Ana , Brown Sarah T.
Published: May 2023

Background

Effective treatments for dry mouth of Sjogren's syndrome are limited and hampered by adverse effects. The aim of LEONIDAS‐1 was to explore the feasibility of salivary electrostimulation in individuals with primary Sjogren's syndrome, as well as parameters required to inform the design of a future phase III trial.

Methods

Multicentre, parallel‐group, double‐blind, randomised sham‐controlled trial in two UK centres. Participants were randomised (1:1, computer‐generated) to active or sham electrostimulation. The feasibility outcomes included screening/eligibility ratio, consent, and recruitment and drop‐out rates. Preliminary efficacy outcome included dry mouth visual analogue scale, Xerostomia Inventory, the EULAR Sjögren's syndrome patient reported index‐Q1, and unstimulated sialometry.

Results

Forty‐two individuals were screened, of whom 30 (71.4%) met the eligibility criteria. All eligible individuals consented to recruitment. Out of the 30 randomised participants (active n = 15, sham n = 15), 4 dropped out and 26 (13 vs. 13) completed all study visits as per protocol. Recruitment rate was 2.73 participants/month. At 6‐month post‐randomisation the difference in mean reduction in visual analogue scale, xerostomia inventory and EULAR Sjögren's syndrome patient reported index‐Q1 scores between groups were 0.36 (95% CI: −0.84, 1.56), 3.31 (0.43, 6.18), and 0.23 (−1.17, 1.63), respectively; unstimulated salivary flow increased by a mean of 0.98 mL/15 min, all in favour of the active group. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusion

LEONIDAS‐1 results support progression to a phase III definitive randomised controlled trial of salivary electrostimulation in individuals with Sjogren's syndrome. Xerostomia inventory could be considered the primary patient‐centred outcome measure and the corresponding observed treatment effect could inform the sample size of a future trial.
Practice Makes Perfect, but How Much Is Necessary? The Role of Relearning in Second Language Grammar Acquisition
Authors: Serfaty Jonathan , Serrano Raquel
Published: May 2023

This study investigated how much practice is necessary for learners to attain durable second language (L2) grammar knowledge. Using digital flashcards, 119 participants practiced translating 12 sentences into an artificial language, followed by feedback, until they had typed all sentences correctly. Participants repeated this activity in one, two, three, or four relearning sessions on consecutive days. After a 14‐day delay, all groups scored highly on a receptive test. However, scores on a productive test were substantially higher for groups with three or four relearning sessions. Accuracy tended to peak on the 3rd day of training. An analysis by individual training performance revealed that participants attained durable productive knowledge if they completed two sessions without errors, regardless of how many sessions they had performed in total. The findings provide a timeframe for processes described in skill retention theory (Kim et al., 2013) and suggest a performance benchmark to indicate when learners have gained procedural L2 grammar knowledge.
Reluctant heroes: New doctors negotiating their identities dialogically on social media
Authors: Dornan Tim , Armour Dakota , Bennett Deirdre , Gillespie Hannah , Reid Helen
Published: May 2023

Background

Ensuring that students transition smoothly into the identity of a doctor is a perpetual challenge for medical curricula. Developing professional identity, according to cultural‐historical activity theory, requires negotiation of dialectic tensions between individual agency and the structuring influence of institutions. We posed the research question: How do medical interns, other clinicians and institutions dialogically construct their interacting identities?

Methods

Our qualitative methodology was rooted in dialogism, Bakhtin's cultural‐historical theory that accounts for how language mediates learning and identity. Reasoning that the COVID pandemic would accentuate and expose pre‐existing tensions, we monitored feeds into the Twitter microblogging platform during medical students' accelerated entry to practice; identified relevant posts from graduating students, other clinicians and institutional representatives; and kept an audit trail of chains of dialogue. Sullivan's dialogic methodology and Gee's heuristics guided a reflexive, linguistic analysis.

Results

There was a gradient of power and affect. Institutional representatives used metaphors of heroism to celebrate ‘their graduates’, implicitly according a heroic identity to themselves as well. Interns, meanwhile, identified themselves as incapable, vulnerable and fearful because the institutions from which they had graduated had not taught them to practise. Senior doctors' posts were ambivalent: Some identified with institutions, maintaining hierarchical distance between themselves and interns; others, along with residents, acknowledged interns' distress, expressing empathy, support and encouragement, which constructed an identity of collegial solidarity.

Conclusions

The dialogue exposed hierarchical distance between institutions and the graduates they educated, which constructed mutually contradictory identities. Powerful institutions strengthened their identities by projecting positive affects onto interns who, by contrast, had fragile identities and sometimes strongly negative affects. We speculate that this polarisation may be contributing to the poor morale of doctors in training and propose that, to maintain the vitality of medical education, institutions should seek to reconcile their projected identities with the lived identities of graduates.
CBL1/9–CIPK23–NRAMP1 axis regulates manganese toxicity
Authors: Zhang Zhenqian , Fu Dali , Xie Dixiang , Wang Zhangqing , Zhao Yuqing , Ma Xuening , Huang Panpan , Ju Chuanfeng , Wang Cun
Published: May 2023

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient in plants. However, excessive Mn absorption in acidic soils can cause Mn toxicity, which adversely affects plant growth and crop yields. At present, acidic soils cover c. 30% of the Earth's surface. However, the mechanism underpinning Mn uptake remains largely unknown.

We identified cbl1/9 and cipk23 mutants exhibiting high‐Mn‐sensitive phenotype through the reverse genetics method. Furthermore, we identified the CIPK23 phosphorylated NRAMP1 through a variety of protein interaction techniques and protein kinase assays.

Here, we demonstrated that two calcineurin B‐like proteins, CBL1/9, and their interacting kinase CIPK23 positively regulated the tolerance of Mn toxicity in Arabidopsis. The cbl1 cbl9 double mutant and cipk23 mutants exhibited high‐Mn‐sensitive phenotypes, which manifested as decreased primary root length, biomass, and chlorophyll concentration, and higher accumulation of Mn. In addition, CIPK23 interacted with and phosphorylated the Mn transporter NRAMP1 primarily at Ser20/22 in vitro and in vivo, and thereby induced clathrin‐mediated endocytosis of NRAMP1 to reduce its distribution on the plasma membrane and enhance plant tolerance to Mn toxicity.

In summary, we found that the CBL1/9–CIPK23–NRAMP1 module regulates the tolerance to high‐Mn toxicity and provide insight into a mechanism of the tolerance of plants to Mn toxicity.
Mixed infections of Zymoseptoria tritici lead to reduced Septoria tritici blotch disease symptoms
Authors: Curran Eoghan , Burke James I. , Feechan Angela
Published: May 2023

Zymoseptoria tritici is the causal fungus of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), a globally important foliar disease of wheat. Infections by more than one strain of a pathogen, or co‐infections, are known to be the most prevalent form of infection in the field. The impact that co‐infection of Z. tritici has on disease severity for the plant host and its effect on plant defence are not fully understood. Here, isolates of Z. tritici were extracted from STB‐presenting leaves from UK sites. Disease assays comparing single‐isolate inocula to mixed inocula were carried out on three cultivars of wheat, Flame, Stigg and Longbow. Leaves infected with mixed inocula were found to show low disease symptoms, including lesion and pycnidial coverage, compared with those infected with single isolates. Growing mixed isolates together in liquid media did not reveal evidence of competition or decreased growth compared with single‐isolate inocula. Wheat infected with a mixture of at least two Z. tritici isolates (of differing aggressiveness) could induce Pr‐1 (Pathogenesis‐related 1) at a significantly higher level in distal uninfected leaves compared with distal leaves of plants infected with a single aggressive isolate. Expression of Pr‐1 in plants with mixed inocula was intermediate to plants infected with an aggressive isolate (lower expression) and plants infected with a less aggressive isolate (higher expression). This suggests that wheat undergoes systemic “sensitization” by the least aggressive Z. tritici isolate during co‐infection.
Determination of the frequency and virulence of someBotrytis cinereaisolates and a newBotrytis prunorumcryptic species causing grey mould disease on greenhouse tomatoes
Authors: Gül Esra , Karakaya Aziz , Ergül Ali
Published: May 2023

Tomato is among the priority crops of greenhouse cultivation in Turkey and in the world. One of the most important fungal diseases of tomatoes is grey mould.Botrytis cinerea,B. cinereagroup S andBotrytis pseudocinereahave been reported previously as causes of grey mould disease on tomatoes. The objectives of this study were to characterize the common grey mould population, their virulence levels, and identify the possible crypticBotrytisspecies occurring on greenhouse tomatoes in Turkey.Botrytisspecies were identified using theRPB2,G3PDH,HSP60andNEP2sequences. The predominant grey mould pathogen wasB. cinerea.B. cinereagroup S andB. pseudocinereawere not isolated. The MH69 isolate was identified asBotrytis prunorum. This is the first time that this cryptic species has been reported causing disease on tomatoes. Differences in the virulence levels ofB. cinereaisolates were observed. The virulence of theB. prunorumisolate was found to be lower than most of theB. cinereaisolates.
Grapevine yellows in Jordan: Associated phytoplasmas, putative insect vectors and reservoir plants
Authors: Abu Alloush Asem Habes , Bianco Piero Attilio , Busato Enrico , Alkhawaldeh Yousef , Alma Alberto , Tedeschi Rosemarie , Quaglino Fabio
Published: May 2023

Field surveys were conducted in wine and table grape vineyards from June to October 2020 in 13 locations belonging to five governorates in North and South Jordan. Typical grapevine yellows symptoms, including leaf reddening/yellowing and rolling were observed on 10% to 55% of vines. Nested PCR‐based amplification of the 16S rRNA gene detected phytoplasmas in 22% and 15.7% of the analysed symptomatic wine and table grape cultivar plants, respectively. Amplicon nucleotide sequence analyses identified the detected phytoplasmas as “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” (taxonomic subgroup 16SrXII‐A), “Ca. P. omanense” (16SrXXIX‐A and ‐B), “Ca. P. aurantifolia” (16SrII‐C) and “Ca. P. asteris” (16SrI‐R) in 72.4%, 17.2%, 6.9% and 3.4% of infected plants, respectively. Such phytoplasmas were found differentially distributed in wine and table grape cultivar vineyards surveyed. Further investigation identified “Ca. P. solani” in the putative insect vectors Orosius cellulosus (first report in Jordan), Euscelidius mundus, Laodelphax striatellus, and Circulifer sp., and in bindweed; “Ca. P. aurantifolia” in the insect O. cellulosus and in bindweed; “Ca. P. omanense” in the insect Psammotettix striatus; and “Ca. P. asteris” in the insects Arboridia adanae, Cicadulina bipunctata, Circulifer sp., L. striatellus, Hyalesthes obsoletus, and P. striatus. Based on this preliminary data, ecological cycles of such phytoplasmas are discussed. Results suggest that the diversity and ecology of grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Jordan are more complex than previously known, leading to a potential risk of disease outbreaks.
Coherent pairs of measures of the second kind on the real line and Sobolev orthogonal polynomials. An application to a Jacobi case
Authors: Marcato G. A. , Marcellán F. , Ranga A. Sri , Lun Yen Chi
Published: May 2023

The aim here is to consider the orthogonal polynomials with respect to an inner product of the type , where and is a coherent pair of positive measures of the second kind on the real line (CPPM2K on the real line). Properties of and the connection formulas they satisfy with the orthogonal polynomials associated with the measure ν0 are analyzed. It is also shown that the zeros of are the eigenvalues of a matrix, which is a single line modification of the Jacobi matrix associated with the measure ν0. The paper also looks at a special example of a CPPM2K on the real line, where one of the measures is the Jacobi measure, and provides a much more detailed study of the properties of the orthogonal polynomials and the corresponding connection coefficients. In particular, the relation that these connection coefficients have with the Wilson polynomials is exposed.
Quantifying the sensitivity of distributive fluvial systems to changes in sediment supply and lake level using stratigraphic forward modelling
Authors: Snieder Swiad , Griffiths Cedric M. , Howell John A. , Hartley Adrian J. , Owen Amanda
Published: May 2023

Stratigraphic forward modelling has been used to quantify the sensitivity of sandbody connectivity in a distributive fluvial system to changes in sediment supply and lake level. Recent stratigraphic forward modelling using SedsimX from StrataMod Pty Limited of the Oligocene to Miocene Huesca distributive fluvial system in northern Spain was used as a base‐case for this sensitivity analysis. Based on literature research and initial modelling, a sediment supply sensitivity range of 0.22 to 21.85 km3/kyr and lake‐level sensitivity range of −1000 to 1000 mm/kyr were used. Results show that the stratigraphic architecture of the modelled distributive fluvial system is more sensitive to changes in sediment supply than to changes in lake level. While an increase in the rate of sediment supply results in an increase in preserved average grain size, aggradation rates and sandbody connectivity at the same distance from the apex, the average grain size, aggradation rate and sandbody connectivity all decrease with increasing distance from fan apex. The main difference in the stratigraphic architecture can be found in the proximal zones. Only oversupplied models, with much higher sediment supply than the base‐case, deposited fully amalgamated channelized deposits with laterally continuous, tabular beds with occasional scoured surfaces. Models with base‐case sediment supply contain channelized sandy deposits within a fine‐grained floodplain environment. Models with sediment supply much lower than the base‐case had no deposition in the proximal zone. Lake‐level rise leads to reduced distal erosion of sediments, concentration of silts close to the lake shore, and higher aggradation rates and thicker sandbodies in the proximal zone. The sensitivity analysis highlights that the parameters governing the formation of distributive fluvial systems have different weightings but are ultimately all interconnected and interdependent. This quantitative framework can be used as a predictive tool for subsurface exploration in distributive fluvial systems.
Factors affecting the accuracy of molecular delimitation in minute herbivorous mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea)
Authors: Yin Yue , Hu Yue , Shao Zi‐Kai , Yao Liang‐Fei , Li Ni , Hebert Paul D. N. , Xue Xiao‐Feng
Published: May 2023

Single‐locus molecular delimitation plays a key role in meeting the need to expedite the exploration and description of the species on our planet. Multiple methods have been developed to aid data interpretation over the past 20 years, but species delimitation remains difficult due to their varying performance. In this study, we examine the accuracy of five widely used delimitation methods (i.e. BIN, ABGD, ASAP, GMYC and mPTP) in analysing 63 empirical data sets that included 1850 mitochondrial COI sequences derived from eriophyoid mites assigned to 456 morphospecies. Our results establish that all five methods resolve approximately 90% of morphospecies. We investigated some factors which might affect the species delimitation results, that is taxonomic rank, number of haplotypes per species, mean number of host plants per species, and geographical distance among sampling sites. We found complex interactions between these factors which affected delimitation effectiveness. An increase in haplotype number negatively affected delimitation accuracy, while increased geographical distance improved delimitation accuracy. BIN was influenced by the number of host plants per species as cryptic speciation linked to host plant usage might be prevalent in eriophyoid mites, while ABGD was not significantly impacted by other factors. Our results highlight multiple factors that affect molecular species delimitation and underline the value of employing multiple analytical approaches to aid species delimitation.
Heterogeneous Monetary Zone and Macroprudential Policy: The Case of the Waemu Zone
Authors: MANGRE P. Ahobaut
Published: May 2023

This article raises the question of the conduct of a common macroprudential policy aimed at correcting specific financial imbalances in the presence of structural heterogeneity that characterizes the monetary zone, in this case the WAEMU zone. For this reason, we develop a neo-Keynesian DSGE[1] model in an open economy with two countries, namely the core countries and those of the periphery, with increased financial frictions. The results show that in the presence of structural heterogeneities, country-adjusted macroprudential measures, as opposed to a common macroprudential policy, are the best way to reduce specific financial imbalances. However, in financially integrated economies, the existence of negative externalities implies the need to coordinate national macroprudential policies in order to increase the degree of currency area optimality.[1] Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium
Adaptive responses to chronic intermittent hypoxia: contributions from the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA) Cohort
Authors: Bonsignore Maria R. ,   ESADA Study Group
Published: May 2023

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disease in the general population, and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and several comorbidities. Obesity favours upper airway collapsibility, but other pathophysiological traits have been identified, i.e. upper airway muscle activity, modulation of the respiratory drive, and the arousal threshold. OSA causes chronic intermittent hypoxia, inflammatory activation and autonomic imbalance with diurnal and nocturnal sympathetic hyperactivity. Disentangling so many components to investigate the pathogenesis of OSA's consequences is very hard clinically. However, albeit imperfect, clinical medicine constitutes a major source of inspiration for basic research, and a mutual exchange of information is essential between clinicians and physiologists to improve our understanding of disease states. OSA is no exception, and this narrative review will summarize the results of clinical studies performed over the years by the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA) Study Group, to explore the variables linked to markers of intermittent hypoxia as opposed to the traditional assessment of OSA severity based on the frequency of respiratory events during sleep (the Apnoea Hypopnoea Index). The results of the clinical studies indicate that intermittent hypoxia variables are associated with several comorbidities, although evidence of a cause–effect relationship is still missing in many cases. It is also possible that adaptive rather than maladaptive responses could be evoked by intermittent hypoxia. The intensity, duration and frequency of intermittent hypoxia episodes causing adaptive rather than maladaptive responses, and their clinical implications, deserve further investigation.

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Kinetic Analysis of Active Omni Wheel With Barrel-Shaped Rollers for Avoiding Slippage and Vibration
Authors: Long Siying , Terakawa Tatsuro , Yogou Mahiro , Koyano Rintaro , Komori Masaharu
Published: May 2023

Omnidirectional mobility is required for the efficient movement of transport vehicles in factories and warehouses. To meet this requirement, the active omni wheel with barrel-shaped rollers (AOWBR) was previously proposed. The barrel-shaped rollers are arranged around the outer circumference of the main wheel of the AOWBR. This structure is expected to be effective in suppressing vibration during vehicle movement. The transmission roller drives the outer roller via a friction drive, which actively moves the AOWBR in the lateral direction. However, the friction drive may cause slippage between the transmission roller and the outer roller. To solve this problem, this study investigates the effects of the design parameters for an AOWBR on vibration and wheel slippage. The kinetic models of the wheel main body, transmission roller, and outer roller are established. Then, simulations are carried out using the kinetic models for various structural parameter values. The simulation results show that a softer rubber block installed in the support mechanism of the outer roller contributes to reduce wheel slippage but cause larger vibration, and that a larger setting angle between the transmission and outer rollers contributes to reduce slippage and vibration. Finally, comparison experiments are conducted on two types of prototype to verify the simulation results.
JMJD8 reduces cancer’s STING
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: May 2023

JMJD8 inhibits STING signaling and reduces antitumor responses.
Isolation, Genomic Sequence and Physiological Characterization of
Parageobacillus
sp. G301, an Isolate Capable of Both Hydrogenogenic and Aerobic Carbon Monoxide Oxidation
Authors: Imaura Yoshinari , Okamoto Shunsuke , Hino Taiki , Ogami Yusuke , Katayama Yuka Adachi , Tanimura Ayumi , Inoue Masao , Kamikawa Ryoma , Yoshida Takashi , Sako Yoshihiko
Published: May 2023

Microbial CO oxidation has received much attention because it contributes to global carbon cycling in addition to functioning as a remover of CO, which is toxic to many organisms. Some microbial CO oxidizers, including both bacteria and archaea, exhibit sister relationships with non-CO oxidizers even in genus-level monophyletic groups.
Genome Sequencing of Efficient Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria for Lowland Rice
Authors: Klepa Milena Serenato , Mattos Maria Laura Turino , Ribeiro Renan Augusto , Helene Luisa Caroline Ferraz , Nogueira Marco Antonio , Hungria Mariangela
Published: May 2023

The genomes of five elite strains identified as growth promoters of lowland rice (
Oryza sativa
L.) in Brazil were sequenced. They ranged in size from 3,695,387 bp to 5,682,101 bp, encompassing genes of saprophytic ability and stress tolerance. Genome taxonomy enabled their classification as
Priestia megaterium
,
Bacillus altitudinis
, and three putative new species of
Pseudomonas
,
Lysinibacillus
, and
Agrobacterium
.
Selenite Bioremediation by Food-Grade Probiotic Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393: Insights from Proteomics Analysis
Authors: Qiao Lei , Dou Xina , Song Xiaofan , Chang Jiajing , Zeng Xiaonan , Zhu Lixu , Xu Chunlan
Published: May 2023

Due to the high solubility and bioavailability of selenite, and its widespread use in industrial and agricultural production, it is easy to cause selenite to accumulate in the environment and reach toxic levels. Although the bacteria screened from special environments have high selenite tolerance, their safety has not been fully verified.
Geology and paleontology of Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments of the Cabin Branch, Cabin Creek (Cappy Avenue), and Tinkers Creek outcrops, Prince George’s County, Maryland
Authors: Self-Trail Jean M. , Govoni David L. , Bybell Laurel M. , Gardner Kristina F.
Published: May 2023

This field guide presents a one-day excursion in Prince George’s County, Maryland, USA, and documents the transition across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary by examining sediments from the upper Maastrichtian of the Severn Formation to the Paleocene sediments of the Brightseat and Aquia formations. Emphasis is placed on understanding how differences in depositional character and lithostratigraphy are related to changes in both microfossil and macrofossil assemblages. Particular attention is given to the difficulty in distinguishing Upper Cretaceous sediments from lower Paleocene sediments in the field, a problem that has traditionally led to misrepresentation of the distribution and thickness of these units and their correlation on a regional scale.

Regarding the Late Cretaceous geology, the guide presents information on the lithology and microfossil biostratigraphy of the Severn Formation, which consists predominantly of silty quartz sand, with less than 5% clay. These sediments are placed in calcareous nannofossil Zone CC25a, suggesting an early late Maastrichtian age. Low abundances of planktic foraminifera combined with sedimentological evidence suggest deposition most likely occurred in a middle neritic environment. Macrofossils in the outcrops along the field trip consist primarily of fragmented bivalve mollusk and cephalopod shell material. A hiatus of ~5 m.y. separates the Cretaceous sediments from the overlying Paleocene deposits.

As for the Paleocene geology, the guide presents information on the Brightseat and Aquia formations. The Brightseat represents early Danian age deposition and consists of clayey, silty sand at the base that grades upward into a silty sand. Glauconite is present at <5% throughout the formation in outcrop. Sediments of the Brightseat Formation are placed in calcareous nannofossil Zone NP3. Macrofossils are limited to small bivalve fragments that are scattered throughout. A hiatus representing ~3 m.y. separates the Brightseat from the overlying Aquia Formation, which is Selandian to Thanetian in age and consists of a glauconite-rich (~10%–20%), silty sand with common to abundant macrofossils, including both fragmented and complete gastropods and bivalves.
Supplemental Material: Late Mesozoic impact of paleo-Pacific subduction on the North China craton revealed by apatite U-Pb and fission-track double dating and trace element analysis in the eastern Yanshan fold belt, northeastern Asia
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhang Zhiyong , et al.
Published: May 2023

Figure S1: Outcrop photographs showing the main observed lithologies  and facies of the sedimentary rocks in the eastern Yanshan fold belt, western Liaoning Province, northeast Asia. Figure S2: Photomicrographs of the bedrock and sandstone samples from the eastern Yanshan fold belt. Figure S3: The 207Pb-corrected weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of sample Y2. Figure S4: Part of the detrital apatite fission-track radial plots, where the color of the single-grain AFT ages corresponds to their apatite U-Pb ages. Table S1: Apatite U-Pb dating results of the eastern Yanshan fold belt, northeastern Asia. Table S2: Apatite trace element analysis results of the eastern Yanshan fold belt, northeastern Asia. Table S3: Apatite fission track analysis results of the eastern Yanshan fold belt, northeastern Asia. Table S4: Key apatite trace element ratios and U-Pb age information of bedrocks of the eastern Yanshan fold belt, northeastern Asia. Table S5: Published detrital zircon U-Pb age data of the eastern Yanshan fold belt, northeastern Asia.
Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy of Nanocomposites (CoFeB)x(LiNbO3)100 – x with Concentrations up to the Percolation Threshold: From Superparamagnetism and Superferromagnetism to Ferromagnetism
Authors: Gan’shina E. A. , Pripechenkov I. M. , Perova N. N. , Kanazakova E. S. , Nikolaev S. N. , Sitnikov A. S. , Granovskii A. B. , Ryl’kov V. V.
Published: May 2023

Nanocomposites (CoFeB)x(LiNbO3)100 –x with x = 17–48 at % have been synthesized by ion beam sputtering of a composite target comprised of Co40Fe40B20 and LiNbO3 onto silicon substrates, and the transitions from the superparamagnetic state to the superferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states with an increase in the concentration of the magnetic component are studied by magneto-optical methods. The magneto-optical properties have been investigated in the geometry of the equatorial (transverse) Kerr effect (TKE). Magneto-optical spectra are recorded in the range of 0.5–4.0 eV in fields up to 2.5 kOe at 20–300 K, field and temperature dependences of the TKE at certain wavelengths are obtained, and the domain structure during magnetization reversal is visualized using a magneto-optical Kerr microscope. It is shown that the sample with x = 17 at % is superparamagnetic at temperatures above the blocking temperature (about 30 K). The interaction between the granules is considerable already at x = 20 at %, the transition to the superferromagnetic state occurs at x ≈ 32–36 at %, and the transition to the ferromagnetic state occurs at x ≈ 44 at % near the metal–dielectric transition, i.e., at a concentration below the percolation transport threshold.
Novel Samarium Cobaltate/Silicon Carbide Composite Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane into Synthesis Gas
Authors: Loktev A. S. , Arkhipova V. A. , Bykov M. A. , Sadovnikov A. A. , Dedov A. G.
Published: May 2023

The paper describes a specifically developed novel samarium cobaltate/silicon carbide composite that transforms into a high-performance carbon-resistant catalyst for dry reforming of methane into syngas (DRM). This 30%SmCoO3/70%SiC composite without hydrogen prereduction was tested in DRM at atmospheric pressure and GHSV 15 L g–1 h–1 (of an equimolar CH4–CO2 mixture). During the test, the yields of hydrogen and carbon monoxide reached 92 and 91 mol %, respectively, at 900°C, and 20 and 28 mol % at 700°C. Using XRD, TGA, and SEM examination, zero carbonization of the catalyst surface was demonstrated. It was found that, in the course of DRM, the initial composite transformed into a material that contained silicon carbide, samarium silicate, and samarium oxide, as well as metallic cobalt nanoparticles (<20 nm).
Secondary Metabolism in Taxus spp. Plant Cell Culture In Vitro
Authors: Tomilova S. V. , Globa E. B. , Demidova E. V. , Nosov A. M.
Published: May 2023

The genus Taxus (yew) is a source of a number of high-value medicinal substances, particularly, paclitaxel (taxol)—a complex diterpenoid compound with a powerful antitumor action (trade name of Taxol®). Paclitaxel is one of the most efficient drugs in chemotherapy owing to its specific ability to suppress proliferation of tumor cells via stabilization of their microtubules. The world-wide demand for taxol is 800–1000 kg a year and these figures annually rise by 20%. The growing need for paclitaxel and its derivatives and the shortage of plant resources necessary for their production made compounds of the taxane group one of the most important objects for development of biotechnological methods of their production. Out of all the possible ways of taxol production (isolation from wild or plantation trees, total chemical synthesis or semisynthesis, use of yew cell cultures, techniques of metabolic engineering, and use of yew endophytic fungi), the most promising is industrial cultivation of Taxus spp. cell cultures. This review examines the papers dealing with investigation of secondary metabolism in dedifferentiated cells in vitro of various yew species and feasibility of industrial use of cell cultures for production of taxoids. We revealed a number of specificity of Taxus spp. cell cultures: (1) from a cytophysiological aspect—difficult initiation of cell cultures, their low growth characteristics, specific media and culturing conditions; (2) from a phytochemical aspect—distinction from intact plants in qualitative composition and content of secondary metabolites accounted for by specificity of cell culture as a biological system; predominant formation of С14-hydroxylated rather than of С13-hydroxylated taxoids; an opportunity for elevation of the content of taxoids—including commercially valuable ones (paclitaxel and baccatin III) with the aid of different tools (elicitation, stress exposures, two-phase cultivation and some others); (3) from a biotechnological aspect—possibility of industrial cultivation of yew cell cultures; existence of several successful industries (Germany and the Republic of Korea).
Iron Corrosion in the Radiative Plasma of Moist Air
Authors: Babichev V. N. , Galeeva K. E. , Kirichenko A. N. , Nekrasov A. A. , Ugodchikova A. V. , Trushkin N. I. , Filippov A. V. , Cherepanova Yu. V. , Cherkovets V. E.
Published: May 2023

The rate of iron corrosion in a low-temperature plasma of moist air formed under the action of a fast electron beam, depending on the relative air humidity, was measured. It is shown that a beam of fast electrons (radioactive β-radiation) significantly intensifies the corrosion of iron in a plasma-forming gas medium in which oxygen and water vapour are simultaneously present. It has been established that the rate of corrosion under conditions of radioactive irradiation increases sharply when the relative air humidity exceeds 10%. Numerical simulation of the ionic composition of the plasma is carried out taking into account 12 types of positive and 12 types of negative hydrated ions at different intensities of the external ionization source and at different values of relative humidity from 10–6 to 100%. A hypothesis has been put forward about the determining role of cluster hydrated ions, which are formed in the plasma of moist air at atmospheric pressure, in heterogeneous processes of iron oxidation.
Characteristics of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet when Excited by Sinusoidal and Positive Pulse Voltages for Medical Applications
Authors: Schweigert I. V. , Zakrevsky Dm. E. , Milakhina E. V. , Gugin P. P. , Biryukov M. M. , Patrakova E. A. , Troitskaya O. S. , Koval O. A.
Published: May 2023

Low-temperature plasma jets at atmospheric pressure generated by sinusoidal and positive pulsed voltages interact differently with the treated surface. In the experiment and in numerical simulations, we compare the operating modes of helium plasma jets for these types of operating voltages. The discharge current on the treated surface over time and the surface heating are studied for different discharge parameters acceptable for anticancer therapy. The intensity of the emission spectrum is analyzed to improve the effectiveness of the plasma jet. Surface heating is controlled in order to meet the safety conditions of plasma exposure to biological objects. For the case of pulsed voltage the effect of voltage pulse duration on the intensity of plasma-surface interaction is discussed. The results on cancer cells A549 and MCF-7 demonstrate the high efficiency of the cold plasma jet generated at found optimal modes.
Granulomatous cheilitis: differential diagnosis in patients with macrocheilia
Authors: Gabriele Guido , Cascino Flavia , Funaioli Fabrizio , Gennaro Paolo
Published: May 2023

Macrocheilia, or lip enlargement, has a varied aetiology, but granulomatous conditions, both infective and non-infective, comprise a significant proportion of patients. Diagnosis starts with clinical investigations while histological examination is required for a definitive diagnosis. In the case presented, a young man presented with painless swelling of upper lip over the past 3 months. Given the clinical history and biopsy results, the diagnosis of granulomatous cheilitis was made which is considered a rare manifestation of metastatic Crohn’s disease. Treatment options remain debated, though in the situation presented a conservative approach was adopted, consisting of antibiotics and corticosteroid therapy, which resulted in significant remission in lip swelling without recurrence after a 3-month follow-up.
Sarcoidosis of the lacrimal gland: the prominence of the differential diagnosis
Authors: Gabriele Guido , Cascino Flavia , Latini Linda , Gennaro Paolo
Published: May 2023

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease that can involve any organ; lungs, lymph nodes and skin are the most involved. Compatible clinical and imaging features, the identification of non-caseous granulomas on biopsy and the exclusion of other causes of granulomatous disorders help formulate the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. A bilateral symmetrical hilar lymphadenopathy together with the typical perilymphatic distribution of nodules is typically visible on high-resolution CT.The average age is 48 years. Ocular sarcoidosis is not rare, it is reported in 25% of cases. Half of the sarcoidosis patients resolve spontaneously; treatment is only indicated in cases with severe symptoms or signs of organ damage. Classical treatments are based on the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapies, sometimes combined.
Consent and refusal of procedures during labour and birth: a survey among 11 418 women in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Pijl Marit Sophia Gerardina , Klein Essink Margot , van der Linden Tineke , Verweij Rachel , Kingma Elselijn , Hollander Martine H , de Jonge Ank , Verhoeven Corine J
Published: May 2023

Background

Informed consent for medical interventions is ethically and legally required; an important aspect of quality and safety in healthcare; and essential to person-centred care. During labour and birth, respecting consent requirements, including respecting refusal, can contribute to a higher sense of choice and control for labouring women. This study examines (1) to what extent and for which procedures during labour and birth women report that consent requirements were not met and/or inadequate information was provided, (2) how frequently women consider consent requirements not being met upsetting and (3) which personal characteristics are associated with the latter.

Methods

A national cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Netherlands among women who gave birth up to 5 years previously. Respondents were recruited through social media with the help of influencers and organisations. The survey focused on 10 common procedures during labour and birth, investigating for each procedure if respondents were offered the procedure, if they consented or refused, if the information provision was sufficient and if they underwent unconsented procedures, whether they found this upsetting.

Results

13 359 women started the survey and 11 418 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consent not asked was most often reported by respondents who underwent postpartum oxytocin (47.5%) and episiotomy (41.7%). Refusal was most often over-ruled when performing augmentation of labour (2.2%) and episiotomy (1.9%). Information provision was reported inadequate more often when consent requirements were not met compared with when they were met. Multiparous women had decreased odds of reporting unmet consent requirements compared with primiparous (adjusted ORs 0.54–0.85). There was considerable variation across procedures in how frequently not meeting consent requirements was considered upsetting.

Conclusions

Consent for performing a procedure is frequently absent in Dutch maternity care. In some instances, procedures were performed in spite of the woman’s refusal. More awareness is needed on meeting necessary consent requirements in order to achieve person-centred and high-quality care during labour and birth.
Abstracts from international emergency medicine journals
Authors: Production EMJ
Published: May 2023

Editor’s note: EMJ has partnered with the journals of multiple international emergency medicine societies to share from each a highlighted research study, as selected by their editors. This edition will feature an abstract from each publication.
Bailout endovascular techniques applied in a complicated basilar thrombectomy case
Authors: Ali Aryan , Shapiro Maksim , Nossek Erez , Esparza Rogelio , Narayan Vinayak , Sharashidze Vera , Raz Eytan
Published: May 2023

Patients with stroke symptoms due to acute basilar artery occlusion can benefit from endovascular thrombectomy.1 2 Several papers have reported unwanted events during thrombectomy procedures such as breakage, fragmentation, or even intravascular migration of the devices or catheter pieces. These papers also presented methods or techniques to retrieve defective devices such as a snare, retrievable stents, or balloons.3–6

Video 1 presents a case of basilar thrombectomy that was complicated with fragmentation and then distal migration of a Marksman microcatheter tip into the left posterior cerebral artery. The video shows the bailout technique that was used to retrieve the migrated catheter tip using a gentle/simple and posterior circulation-friendly technique—a technique based on fundamental neurointerventional concepts.

Video 1

 This video demonstrates the use of a bailout technique to retrieve a migrated microcatehter tip after basilar artery thrombectomy.