bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principle of bioethical responsibility in moral values continuum of modern medicine
Authors: Sokolov V. M.
Published: April 2021

Determination of responsibly professional position of modern medicine supposes investigation of the medicine activity basis and is connected with such domain reflections which appeal for the new ethical reference points of practical and theoretical medi- cine. At present modern medicine progress and the newly practice of professional medical care is at variance with settled moral principles and values and raises medical and philosophical problems which could not been considered objectively in Hippocrat's eth- ics or in the traditional medical norms of ethics and deontology. Necessity in the elaboration of bioethical imperative of responsibil- ity is keenly revealed in consiquense of the emerged breach between the level of biomedical theory and practice development on the one hand and the lag of medicine moral components of theoretical and practical medicine care on the other. In the article under consideration the condition of bioethical responsibility problem is analyzed in the professional legitimaton of medicine activity aspect. It also deals with formation conditions of bioethically responsible students in medical professional schools.
Peculiarities of acute phase response in various types of uterine appendages inflammation
Authors: Shramko S. V. , Zorina N. V. , Bazhenova L. G. , Zorina R. M.
Published: April 2021

Concentrations of some acute phase proteins (alpha-1-antitrypsin or AT; alpha-2-macroglobulin or MG; pregnancy associated alpha-2-glycoprotein or PAG) and lactoferrin (Lf) were studied in blood serum of 82 women with various types of uterine append-ages inflammation. The data obtained have been compared with conventional and commonly used laboratory indices of inflammato-ry response such as fibrinogen (Fbg) and leukocyte intoxication index. Our findings confirmed significant role of macroglobulin family proteins in the development of acute phase inflammation. Associated tendencies in changes of acute phase proteins concen-trations in various types of uterine appendages inflammation have been identified and recommended to be employed in clinical prac-tice for making differential diagnosis and for selection of optimal therapeutic approach.
Т lymphocytes are key immune regulating cells
Authors: Sviridova V. S. , Коlogrivova Ye. N. , Pronina N. A. , Yeliseyeva L. V. , Chitalkina A. A.
Published: April 2021

Phenotypical and functional heterogeneity of immune regulating subpopulations of T-lymphocytes having suppressor activity is discussed in the article. Natural regulators and inducible regulating cells are characterized in more details.
Influence of background resonance radiation on hepatic glycogen levelin chronic opisthorchiasis invasion
Authors: Poddoubnaya O. A. , Beloborodov E. I. , Levitsky Ye. F.
Published: April 2021

Chronic opisthorchiasis is human parasitologic disease with signs of decreased reactivity of the organism. One of the ways to assess the organism reactivity is qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycogen in hepatic cells. Decreased glycogen level is a sign of decreased adaptation possibilities and manifests in disregulation of adaptation reactions. Experimental studies in vivo (model of chronic opisthorchiasis) revealed favorable influence of the background resonance radiation on the glycogen level in hepatic cell which indirectly points to increased reactivity of the organism which in turn may contribute to the maintenance of hepatic morphologic-functional status of full value and to prevent possible overstrain of its reserve possibilities.
Biological functions of complement
Authors: Odintsov Yu. N. , Perelmuter V. M.
Published: April 2021

One of the true basic resistance factors is complement. Main functions of it consist in bacterial lysis, bacterial opsonisation for phagocytosis. Alteration of lytic function for opsonic function depends upon macrophages. Complement functions at bacteriosis depend on phathogenesis features in infectious disease.
Spontaneous apoptosis of lymphocytes of ovary cancer patients
Authors: Antoneyeva I. I. , Boichuk S. V.
Published: April 2021

Results of the study of the spontaneous apoptosis mechanisms of peripheral blood lymphocytes of ovary cancer (OC) patients are presented in the article. Dynamics of mitochondrial potential (MP) change, level of phosphatidylserine (PS) expression and DNA fragmentation were used as apoptosis markers. These parameters were estimated by flow cytometry. During the incubation process, DNA fragmentation in OC patient lymphocytes were more intensive and observed during earlier stages than those in donor lymphocytes. Also, reliable decrease of MP and increase of PS expression level were observed. The study results revealed increased reactivity of mitochondrial lymphocytes in OC patients and as a result, decreased resistance to spontaneous apoptosis processes.
Abdominal wall muscles function estimation after hernioplasty
Authors: Timoshin A. D. , Shestakov A. L. , Zagorulko O. I. , Inakov A. G.
Published: April 2021

The results of surgery in the group of patients with incisional hernias are evaluated. Hernioplasty with polypropylene mesh was performed in 22 patients. Electromyography was performed for abdominal wall muscles function estimation. High effectiveness of surgical treatment was established.
Clinical-biochemical markers of myocardial lesions in premature neonates
Authors: Zhelev V. A. , Baranovskaya S. V. , Mikhalev Ye. V. , Filippov G. P. , Serebrov V. Yu. , Yermolenko S. P. , Popova Yu. Yu.
Published: April 2021

Cardial troponin I concentration and creatine phosphokinase MB activity in blood serum was investigated in 63 neonates during the neonatal period. It was revealed that clinical symptoms of myocardial lesions manifest themselves as vegetovisceral disorders in premature neonates. The level of cardiac specific markers depends on gestational age, anthropometric characteristics, and condition at birth.
The influence of sorbifer and neoselenium therapy on selenium levelsand antioxidant protection in patients with anemia cardiomyopathy
Authors: Goncharova Ye. V. , Govorin A. V.
Published: April 2021

Aim: to study selenium, glutathione, glutathione-peroxidase and glutathione-reductase levels in blood in patients with anemia cardiomyopathy previously and after the treatment of Sorbifer and Neoselenium. Selenium levels were investigated by mass concentration method in 48 patients with anemia cardiomyopathy and 15 healthy people. The decreased of studying indices in patients with anemia cardiomyopathy were shown. These indices were normalized under the influence of treatment.
Cognitive dysfunction of focal epilepsy in adults
Authors: Grebenyuk O. V. , Lapina Ye. Yu. , Alifirova V. M. , Kazennyh T. V.
Published: April 2021

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Dynamic spectral response EEG for cyclus sleep — wakefulness by patient with locally-associated epilepsy
Authors: Grebenyuk O. V. , Svetlik M. V. , Alifirova V. M. , Pekker Ya. S.
Published: April 2021

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The abnormality of the biochemical parameters in the peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Krotenko N. V. , Alifirova V. M. , Ivanova S. A.
Published: April 2021

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The total phlogogenic activity of blood serum and liquor in mixt-infection of tick-borne encephalitis and tick-borne borreliosis in children
Authors: Poponnikova T. V. , Bedareva T. Yu. , Vakhrameyeva T. N. , Galiyeva G. Yu.
Published: April 2021

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The clinical impotance any cytokines and their prognosis role of patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas
Authors: Skvortsova N. V. , Pospelova T. I. , Kovynev I. B. , Obgolts Yu. N. , Nechounayeva I. N.
Published: April 2021

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Use of dasatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia therapy
Authors: Vinogradova O. Yu. , Turkina A. G. , Choroshko N. D.
Published: April 2021

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Optimization of treatment and diagnosis tactics at varicoseveins of lower extremities in military personnelin Mongolia
Authors: Tsedendoo B.
Published: April 2021

In this study, we have examined 166 patients after surgical treatment as a part of combined treatment of varicose veins of lower extremities. Depending on the level of veno-venous shunt, the following clinical forms of varicosity were revealed: varicosity with predominance of high venovenous shunt, descending form with predominance of low veno-venous shunt, ascending form. Thus, chronic venous hypertension starts a chain of pathological reactions causing chronic changes in skin of lower extremities in Mongolian military personnel.
Influence of different methods of anesthesia on hemostasis systemin proctological patients
Authors: Dadeko S. M. , Ripp Ye. G. , Shipakov V. Ye. , Sorokozherdiev V. O. , Popadeikin O. N. , Solov’Yov V. V.
Published: April 2021

The aim of investigation is to study the influence of different types of anesthesia on hemostasis in proctological patients, and to develop the algorithm to determine adequate method of anesthesia to prevent hemostatic disorders. 120 patients have been investigated with new instrumental method — hemocoagulography. It has been estimated that different types of anesthesia have different influence on functional activity of hemostasis.
Structure and prevalence of eye disease in teleut native countymen in Kuzbass
Authors: Butakov S. V.
Published: April 2021

The vision status in teleut native countymen residing in Kemerovo Region. Studied structure and prevalence of eye disease have been evaluated following ophthalmologic examination of 609 teleuts (213 men and 396 women) accounting for 30% of the whole population residing at this area. The general population disease rate was found to account for 1 394,08‰.
Neuropsychological studies in the process of surgical treatment of epilepsy
Authors: Kasumov V. R. , Kuralbayev K. B. , Kuralbayev A. K.
Published: April 2021

Basing on the material of 25 surgically treated epileptic patients higher mental functions were studied in the pre- and postoperative periods using certain neuropsychological tests with comparison to the clinical-electroencephalographic findings in order to localize the leading epileptic focus. Short-time auditory-dysphasic and visual memory disturbances were revealed denoting temporal lobe localization of the focus. The above disturbances deteriorated postoperatively, but during the period of 1 to 2 years they regressed to the preoperative level.
The using of neuronavigation in vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Yrysov K. B.
Published: April 2021

We described the experience of a microscope-based navigational system for opening of the posterior wall of the internal auditory canal (IAC) via the retrosigmoid route. Computed tomographic findings for 47 acoustic neuroma cases were divided into three groups, on the basis of the relationship between the labyrinth and the sigmoid-fundus line (medial,on the line,or lateral). The shortest distances between the most medial labyrinthine extension (MMLE) and the resection line were measured. In 20 acoustic neuroma operations, the different features and the practicality of the microscope-based navigational system for opening of the IAC were evaluated.

The mean anatomic localization errors were (0,67 ± 0,2) mm for navigation to the IAC and (0,71 ± 0,37) mm for navigation to the posterior semicircular canal. The average distances between the MMLE and the resection line were 3,65; 3,36, and 2,0 mm for the lateral, on-the-line, and medial groups, respectively. Direct contouring of structures at risk does not take into account the localization error, nor does it provide reliable navigational information. A novel indirect contouring concept that takes into account the localization error (the safety corridor method) was therefore introduced.
The World. Challenges of the Global Crisis. Germany
Authors: Semenenko I. , Irishin G.
Published: April 2021

The economic crisis of 2008–2009 highlighted new problems in the development of the German social market economy model and brought to the forefront the factors of its resilience that have ensured Germany’s leadership positions in the EU. Changes in economic policy have affected in the first place the energy and the financial sectors. Shifts in the political landscape have led to the appearance of new political parties. These changes have affected the results of the 2013 elections, the liberal democrats failure to enter the Bundestag has made the winner – CDU – seek new coalition partners.
Energy Strategy of the United States: Correction of Priorities
Authors: Dmitriev S.
Published: April 2021

Сomprehensive energy strategy presumes focusing of U.S. government’s and private investors’ efforts in the following key areas: increasing energy efficiency of the national economy, search for effective alternative to traditional motor fuels, safe and responsible production of hydrocarbon resources, promotion of renewable energy investments, accent on the innovation component of the energy complex. Thanks to “shale revolution”, the US will fully cover domestic demand for natural gas by domestic production and may become an exporter of LNG. Cheap gas is a competitive advantage for the United States and can serve as a foundation for a new era of rapid economic development. Dependence on the supply of oil from abroad will gradually weaken, but doubts remain about the U.S. ability to achieve full self-sufficiency in oil.
United States: Prospects for Reform of Immigration Legislation
Authors: Nikol'skaya G.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes major provisions of the comprehensive immigration reform bill approved by the Senate in June 2013. Author explores factors that have led to the need for overhaul of the immigration legislation. The article notes that the bill has been a subject of intense political struggle. Author examines the potential economic, social and demographic impact of the discussed reform.
East Asian Machinery-Building Cluster
Authors: Sokolov V.
Published: April 2021

The article considers features of the East Asian machinery-building cluster. It differs from the older machinery-building clusters in West Europe and North America primarily. The share of intermediate goods in the imports of the East Asian countries is higher than the share of such goods in their exports. This results from prevalence of the assembly manufactures in their industry. The international supply chains of the region are described as follows: manufacturing parts and components in the countries of East and South-East Asia – assembly in China – exports to USA, Europe and Japan. The changes in the structure of the international supply chains in 2007–2011 are shown in the case of telecommunications industry. It is established that the structure of the telecommunications imports of the USA has changed in favor of China. The technological level of the telecommunications equipment exported from China enhanced significantly. The share of parts and components in China’s telecommunications exports increased. Imports of telecommunications equipment from Japan to USA diminished whereas its delivery from China to Japan more than doubled. This points to reduction of the role of Japan as the supplier of telecommunications equipment in the world scale.
Main Regions and Civilizational Entities in the 21st Century World: Essay of Developmental Prognosis
Authors: Irishin G.
Published: April 2021

A.V. Akimov and A.I. Yakovlev in their presentation examine long-term perspectives of the world development (up to 2100) observing mainly demographic and resource trends. Their analysis is placed in the context of civilizations. The authors suggest four scenarios: 1) convergence of civilizations; 2) the West keeps its leadership; 3) leadership passes to the East and the South; 4) struggle for resources. The reforms necessary to stimulate the process of development are also examined. These points are discussed at the seminar.
Real-Time Video Image Processing based on Kerr Soliton Krystal Microcombs
Authors: tan mengxi , xu xingyuan , Moss David
Published: April 2021

Advanced image processing will be crucial for emerging technologies such as autonomous driving, where the requirement to quickly recognize and classify objects under rapidly changing, poor visibility environments in real time will be needed. Photonic technologies will be key for next-generation signal and information processing, due to their wide bandwidths of 10’s of Terahertz and versatility. Here, we demonstrate broadband real time analog image and video processing with an ultrahigh bandwidth photonic processor that is highly versatile and reconfigurable. It is capable of massively parallel processing over 10,000 video signals simultaneously in real time, performing key functions needed for object recognition, such as edge enhancement and detection. Our system, based on a soliton crystal Kerr optical micro-comb with a 49GHz spacing with >90 wavelengths in the C-band, is highly versatile, performing different functions without changing the physical hardware. These results highlight the potential for photonic processing based on Kerr microcombs for chip-scale fully programmable high-speed real time video processing for next generation technologies.
Eye-tracking in Immersive Virtual Reality for Education: A Review of the Current Progress and Applications
Authors: Mikhailenko Maria , Kurushkin Mikhail
Published: April 2021

The concept of using eye-tracking in virtual reality for education has been researched in various fields over the past years. With this review, we aim to discuss the recent advancements and applications in this area, explain the technological aspects, highlight the advantages of this approach and inspire interest in the field. Eye-tracking has already been used in science for many decades and now has been substantially reinforced by the addition of virtual and augmented reality technologies. The first part of the review is a general overview of eye-tracking concepts and its applications. In the second part, the focus shifted towards application of eye-tracking in virtual reality. The third part is the description of the recently emerged concept of eye-tracking in virtual reality when applied to education and studying, which has not been thoroughly described before. We describe the main findings, technological aspects and advantages of this approach.
Cyanides and Their Attenuation in Wastewaters Using Green Chemistry
Authors: Quashie Andrews
Published: April 2021

Cyanides, though naturally occurring, are environmental pollutants when not treated properly. Some methods used to attenuate cyanides in waste waters from industrial processes are based simply on changing the physico-chemical properties of the waste water such as the pH and temperature. The effectiveness of these methods are based on hydrolysis of the cyanide and volatilization of the hydrogen cyanide formed. Another reaction which takes place simultaneously is ultraviolet-catalysed oxidation which converts the cyanide to bicarbonates and carbonates.The changes in the cyanide degradation rate approaches a minimum faster if the cyanide solution is maintained at a higher than ambient constant temperature.
An Impact Analysis Concerning the Effect of Scandals on Sustainable Consumer Purchase
Authors: Vasilache Simona
Published: April 2021

The idea of the current research started from noticing a major gap in the customer behavior literature - researchers scarcely analyzed the impact of scandals on the customer purchase decision in the case of celebrity endorsement. Using a quantitative approach based on questionnaires, 101 people were asked about their opinions, the goals being to find out if people are influenced by the celebrity scandals, if people tend to have different reactions in terms of consumer purchase decision when it comes to various different negative actions carried on by the endorsers - will a murder upset the customers more than an infidelity scandal? - and if there are any differences in treating Romanian and foreign celebrities once they would enter into such a scandal.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS XI TKJ SMK BINA TEKNOLOGI PURWOKERTO PADA MATERI MANAJEMEN BANDWIDTH MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Hidayat Afif Nur
Published: April 2021

This study aims to: (1) Know the development process and (2) increase the critical thinking skills of class XI TKJ students of SMK Bina Teknologi Purwokerto on bandwidth management material.

This research is a Classroom Action Research which was conducted from 27 October 2020 to 23 November 2020. The stages of the research consisted of planning, action, observation and reflection. The research was conducted in 3 cycles, each of which consisted of one meeting. The research instrument consisted of observation sheets and tests of students' critical thinking skills. Learning in this study uses the Problem Based Learning learning model. The action of data analysis used data from observations and the process of analyzing data from the test results of students' critical thinking skills.

Before the implementation of the Problem Based Learning learning model for XI TKJ students, data was obtained with an average grade XI TKJ grade 54 and the completeness of students who had a score above 36% KKM. After applying the Problem Based Learning model in cycle 1, the class average increase to 60.04 and the completeness of students who have a score above the KKM is 44%. Then it has increased after cycle 2 with an average class score of 69.72 and completeness of students who have scores above the KKM 64%. Then it has increased after cycle 3 with an average class score of 76.72 and the completeness of students who have a score above the KKM of 80%. Thus it can be said that the application of the Problem Based Learning learning model can improve students' critical thinking skills.

Keywords: critical thinking, problem based learning model, classroom action research,
LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE FAILURE TO COMPENSATE ON INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT DISPUTE
Authors: . Vunieta , Haque Walida Ahsana
Published: April 2021

A dispute between two or more countries involved in a foreign investment may arises
from investment agreement agreed upon by the parties. If one of the parties breaches
the agreement, the parties will automatically agree to resolve the dispute to the agreed
arbitration forum based on the dispute settlement clause on the agreement, those
forum such as the ICSID arbitration. Therefore, the existence of dispute settlement
clause on an investment agreement (Bilateral Investment Treaty) is very necessary.
The result of the above-mentioned arbitration proceeding is a binding and final
decision for the parties. An arbitral award, should contain relief or compensation
set by the arbitrator as the result of the proceeding. The reliefs are given as orders to
indemnify the damages obtained by Claimant. Issues arises when Respondent has been
proven to have done detrimental damage to the Claimant yet Respondent deliberately
neglected his/her obligation to compensate Claimant accordingly based on the relief/
compensation specified in the award. The non-compliance of the Respondent to
fulfill the compensation obligation is due to the fact that the party habitually assume
that the arbitration award does not have the legal force equivalent to the decision
of general court, even though the nature of the award is final and binding. Thus the
interests and rights of the Applicant who has been declared entitled to compensation
based on the arbitration award must be protected so that their rights can be fulfilled
according to the law.
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR THE LOSS OF THE PASSENGER OF ONLINE TRANSPORTATION
Authors: . Pujiyono , Pati Umi Khaerah
Published: April 2021

Online transportation shall provide a security, comfort and safety guarantee for
service users, however it is not performed in the application. Service users still have
not guaranteed their rights as consumers. In the case the consumer suffers a loss, it
is remain undetermined how compensation may be granted, therefore it demands
an equal legal protection. Facing this condition, Law Number 8 of 1999 on The
Consumer Protection has not yet stipulated slear provision regarding this matter,
likewise the online transportation service users and service providers are only bound
in limited aspects. The research method of this reasearch is normative legal research
only focusing on the issues raised, discussed and elaborated with applying  the rules
or norms in positive law, using Statutory Approaches and Conceptual Approaches,
with primary and secondary legal materials. The data collection technique used is
literature study. The analysis technique used is the deductive method. The results
showed that there was an legal relationship between service users and online
transportation service providers. Consumers have the right to get protection in the
form of responsibility for information, legal responsibility for services provided
and responsibility for security and comfort. However, for the losses suffered, legal
protection for losses incurred by passengers in online transportation mode is still poor
due to lack of regulations and the undetermined standard regulations specifically in
regulating online transportation modes.
THE AUTHORITY OF ADMINISTRATIVE COURT IN SETTLING THE DISPUTES OVER ELECTION PROCESS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Madril Oce
Published: April 2021

Indonesia is a country that provides constitutional guarantees over the principle of popular sovereignty. A manifestation of the principle of popular sovereignty is through the holding of a General Election. To safeguard the implementation of fair and democratic elections, laws and regulations concerning elections are made by the government. One of the principles of fair and democratic elections is the availability of legal mechanisms to resolve election disputes. The Indonesian Election Law already has these rules. One mechanism for resolving election disputes is through state administrative courts. This research focuses on discussing the development of the authority of the State Administrative Court (PTUN) in resolving disputes over the Election process. The PTUN has long been established in Indonesia, but the authority of the PTUN in resolving election disputes is a new authority expressly granted by the post-reform election law. This study also discussing two PTUN decisions. The decisions show how electoral law is applied in the practice, which is sometimes not always the same as what is expected by legislators.
REVITALIZATION OF REGIONAL-OWNED ENTERPRISE (BUMD) GOVERNANCE THROUGH THE PARTICIPATION IN OIL AND GAS MANAGEMENT BY USING GROSS SPLIT MECHANISM
Authors: Muryanto Yudho Taruno , Tuhana Tuhana , Ciptorukmi Anjar Sri
Published: April 2021

The implementation of the gross split scheme in the upstream oil and gas business by revenue sharing contract is a new phase concerning the existence, especially for regional governments related to the insertion of regional assets. The participation of BUMD in the oil and gas management where the BUMD is located is prominent, in the context of increasing revenue and boosting the regional economy. The involvement of BUMD in oil and gas management is mainly related to the gross split mechanism. There are several problems, among others, related to the problematic management of BUMD whose business activities support the upstream oil and gas business to increase local revenue and how to implement the revitalization of BUMD governance that supports the upstream oil and gas business. This article is the result of empirical legal research by using a conceptual approach. Research techniques and data collection using primary and secondary material by analyzing the data through text interpretation (hermeneutics) and the logic of deduction. Based on the research on the revitalization of BUMD governance in the upstream oil and gas business that uses a gross split mechanism, there are several problems in its management, including overlapping sectoral arrangements regarding BUMD between one regulation with other regulations, management issues, human resources issue, supervision and guidance of BUMD, and restructuring of BUMD.
IMPLICATIONS OF GOVERNMENT LEGAL SUBJECT STATUS AS ONE OF THE CAUSES OF TAX DISPUTES ON PRODUCTION SHARING CONTRACTS FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Basuki Mulyo
Published: April 2021

Supreme Court Decision Number 2424/B/PK/Pjk/2020 states that the PSC (Production Sharing Contract) is a Government to Business ("G to B") agreement that applies domestic taxes. Therefore, in tax disputes over Branch Profit Tax (BPT) between a Permanent Establishment Taxpayer (BUT) and the Director-General of Taxes, the Supreme Court's decision uses a 20% domestic tax rate instead of 10% in accordance with the Tax Treaty. This study elaborates how the Government's position in the production sharing contract with the private sector or PE is related to Indonesian and international tax law. The main issues raised are the Government's position as a legal subject in the PSC agreement and the process associated with regulating BPT in international taxation. This is a library study with the juridical-normative approach method. The results showed that the Government acts as a subject of civil law in the PSC agreement. However, in the PSC contract, the relationship between the state and the private sector or PE (BUT) in natural resource management must be carried out using a public relationship by giving concessions or permits full of state control and power. For instance, the Indonesian tax law does not apply when there is a tax treaty. The Taxation Law in Indonesia cannot unilaterally interpret taxes on BPT based on Indonesian domestic provisions.
Rus Sömürüsüne Karşı 1916 Türkistan’da İsyan: Semerkant Örneği
Authors: KARATAŞ Ömer
Published: April 2021

Rusya Türkistan’ı 19. asrın ikinci yarısından sonra işgal ve ilhak etti. Ardından bölgeyi kendi emperyal menfaatleri doğrultusunda sömürmek için bölgede idari, sosyal ve ekonomik düzenlemeler yaptı. Yapılan düzenlemeler neticesinde yaklaşık elli yıl bölgenin yer altı ve yer üstü kaynakları Ruslar tarafından sömürüldü. Daha sonraki siyasi gelişmeler neticesinde, özellikle I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında çarlık yeni insan kaynağına ihtiyaç duydu. Bu ihtiyacı karşılamak için 5 Haziran 1916’da bu tarihten önce askerlikten muaf olan yerli halkı orduya almak amacıyla bir ferman yayınlandı. Söz konusu fermanla Türkistan’ın gayr-ı Rus bölge ahalisini orduda istihkâm işlerinde çalıştırmak isteyen Çarlık Rusya’sı ekonomik sömürüsüne insan kaynağını da ilave etti. Bu son gelişme önce Semerkant’ta başlayan daha sonra tüm bölgeye yayılan isyana sebep oldu. Çalışmamızda 1916 Türkistan isyanında ilk kan döküldüğü yer olan Semerkant vilayetindeki isyan sırasında meydana gelen gelişmeleri Rus arşiv belgeleri ve ilgili literatüre dayalı olarak ele alacağız.
Contribution of National Sharia Council Fatwa of Indonesian Council of Ulama (DSN-MUI) in The Islamic Economic Development in Indonesia
Authors: Kasdi Abdurrohman
Published: April 2021

This research aims to identify the contribution of fatwa (Islamic instructions of rules) from DSN-MUI in developing the theories and practices of the Islamic economics in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative, which consists of 116 fatwa DSN-MUI as the main subjects of study. The collected data had been analyzed using content analysis method by creating inimitable and valid data inferences related to its context. The results show that DSN-MUI is the only institution mandated by the law to establish fatwa on Islamic economics and finance, and to provide the provisions of Islamic law toward the Islamic financial institutions in carrying out their activities. Since its establishment in 1998, the roles of DSN-MUI are enormous in laying the foundations of the development of Islamic economics in Indonesia. Until the end of 2017, DSN-MUI has issued 116 fatwa on Islamic economics and finances. Even, DSN-MUI has a very important and strategic role in developing and applying sharia values in the economic field. MUI's important and strategic roles are shown from its position as a pioneer in socialization, internalization, and triggering the Islamic economic growth in Indonesia.

 
Closed Reduction Percutaneous Pinning Management of a Cuboid Fracture-Dislocation in a 70-Year-Old Man
Authors: Reyes Angel M. , Yellin Joseph , von Keudell Arvind
Published: April 2021

Case:

A 70-year-old man sustained a traumatic injury to his right foot after falling from a 3-foot height. Imaging demonstrated a cuboid fracture with inferomedial dislocation and associated nondisplaced midfoot fractures. Treatment consisted of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) using Kirschner wire fixation. His postoperative recovery was uneventful with full return to activities.

Conclusion:

Cuboid fracture-dislocations are exceedingly rare, and subsequently, there is a paucity of treatment recommendations in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported successful closed reduction with percutaneous pinning for a cuboid fracture with associated dislocation. CRPP is a potential treatment option for this injury.
Symptomatic Lead Toxicity and Joint Pain Because of Migration of Shotgun Pellets into the Hip 12 Years After Injury
Authors: Hanson Thomas M. , Nierenberg David W. , LaRoche Hannah B. , Mead Kelly C. , Ames Jamie B.
Published: April 2021

Case:

We describe a case of mild lead poisoning in a 25-year-old woman because of intra-articular migration of lead shot 12 years after gunshot injury to the left hip, ameliorated by arthroscopic foreign body removal. Retained lead can cause systemic symptoms of lead toxicity, supranormal blood lead concentration, and increasingly painful and destructive local arthritis even years after gunshot injury.

Conclusion:

This report shows that lead fragments should be monitored closely if located near joint spaces. We demonstrate curative therapy for lead poisoning through the use of minimally invasive arthroscopic techniques for removal of retained intra-articular lead missiles.
High-level resection of the infundibulopelvic ligament during epithelial ovarian cancer surgery: Is it necessary?
Authors: Wang Chunfei , Zhou Junying , Yan Haozheng , Li Lei , Li Zhengyu
Published: April 2021

Objectives

To identify potential metastases in the infundibulopelvic (IP) ligament and evaluate the necessity of high-level resection of the ligament during surgical treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer.
Methods

In this prospective study, 50 female patients with confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer underwent high-level resection of the IP ligament (10 cm or greater) as part of cytoreductive surgery. The resected IP ligaments were sectioned longitudinally at 10-mm intervals and labeled. Each segment was sectioned serially at a thickness of 4 µm, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and examined by experienced pathologists for metastatic cells.
Results

Fifty pairs of IP ligaments were examined. Metastatic cells were found in the IP ligaments of 11 patients (22%) with FIGO stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer, 3–7 cm from the visual ovarian margin.
Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that metastases were occasionally present in the IP ligament of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer, and therefore, high-level resection of the IP ligament (10 cm or greater) is necessary as part of cytoreductive surgery to reduce residual tumors for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
Rapid Identification of Druggable Targets and the Power of the PHENotype SIMulator for Effective Drug Repurposing in COVID-19
Authors: MARIA Naomi , Rapicavoli Rosaria Valentina , Alaimo Salvatore , Bischof Evelyne , Stasuzzo Alessia , Broek Jantine , Pulvirenti Alfredo , Mishra Bud , Duits Ashley , Ferro Alfredo
Published: April 2021

The current, rapidly diversifying pandemic has accelerated the need for efficient and effective identification of potential drug candidates for COVID-19. Knowledge on host-immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, remains limited with very few drugs approved to date. Viable strategies and tools are rapidly arising to address this, especially with repurposing of existing drugs offering significant promise. Here we introduce a systems biology tool, the PHENotype SIMulator, which ̶ by leveraging available transcriptomic and proteomic databases ̶ allows modeling of SARS-CoV-2 infection in host cells in silico to i) determine with high sensitivity and specificity (both > 96%) the viral effects on cellular host-immune response, resulting in a specific cellular SARS-CoV-2 signature and ii) utilize this specific signature to narrow down promising repurposable therapeutic strategies. Powered by this tool, coupled with domain expertise, we have identified several potential COVID-19 drugs including methylprednisolone and metformin, and further discern key cellular SARS-CoV-2-affected pathways as potential new druggable targets in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
The City in the Tropics: Lizard Community Structure and Spatial Resource Use Along an Habitat Gradient of the Dahomey Gap (West Africa)
Authors: Luiselli Luca , Dendi Daniele , Petrozzi Fabio , Segniagbeto Gabriel Hoinsoudé
Published: April 2021

Studies on habitat gradients are particularly interesting for the community ecology theory, but almost no investigation has been carried out on community structure of any vertebrate groups along gradients of habitat that were modified by humans in historical or prehistorical times, such as for instance the Dahomey Gap in West Africa. Here, we analyze the community structure of lizards in suburban Lomé (Togo) and in comparison with nearby savannah and forest sites, with a suite of statistical methods. Overall, we recorded 25 lizard species, with a heavy reduction in species richness from forest (18 taxa) to savannah (13) and suburbs (9). 24% of the species occurred in all habitat types, 40% exclusively in forest, and only two were exclusive of suburban habitats. Suburban habitat types were relatively homogeneous in terms of number of observed species (maximum number of taxa per habitat = 6). There were significant interspecific differences in both substratum type preferences and vertical spatial niche by species, but with no evidence of a nonrandom niche partitioning pattern, and hence with a competitively assembled community structure. There was a nonrandom “clustered” distribution of the various species along the available resource categories, thus indicating that species-specific preferences instead of community-driven mechanisms are more likely to explain the observed patterns. We concluded that lizard communities in tropical cities are (i) less species-rich than in the surrounding more natural habitats, (ii) usually clustered into specific habitat/substratum types (often artificial ones), and (iii) not assembled through competitive interactions.
Identification of the signature genes and network of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) related genes and DNA repair genes in Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD)
Authors: Zhao Ye , Feng Hai-Ming , Wei Xiao-Ping , Yan Wei-Jian , Li Bin , Wang Cheng , Qin Yu
Published: April 2021

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are present in high amount in patients with tumors, and these ROS can kill and destroy tumor cells. Thus, tumor cells upregulate ROS-related genes to protect themselves and reduce their destruction. Cancer cells already damaged by ROS can be repaired by expressing DNA repair genes consequently promoting their proliferation. In this work, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) transcriptome data in the TCGA database was analyzed and samples were clustered into 5 ROS-related categories and 6 DNA repair categories. Survival analysis revealed a significant difference in patient survival between the two classification methods. In addition, the samples corresponding to the two categories overlap, thus, the gene expression profile of the same sample with different categories and survival prognosis was further explored, and the connection between ROS-related genes and DNA repair genes was investigated. The interactive sample recombination classification was used, revealing that the patient's prognosis was worse when the ROS-related genes and DNA repair genes were expressed at the same time. The further research on the potential regulatory network of the two categories of genes and the correlation analysis revealed that ROS-related genes and DNA repair genes have a mutual regulatory relationship. The ROS-related genes NQO1, TXNRD1, and PRDX4 could establish links with other DNA repair genes through the DNA repair gene NEIL3, thereby increasing the growth of tumor cells and balancing the level of ROS, leading to tumor cell death and constant damage to the tumor cell repair system, thus prolonging patient survival. Thus, targeting ROS-related genes and DNA repair genes might be a promising strategy in the treatment of LUAD. Finally, a survival prognostic model of ROS-related genes and DNA repair genes was established (TERT, PRKDC, PTTG1, SMUG1, TXNRD1, CAT, H2AFX and PFKP), the risk score might be used as an independent prognostic factor in LUAD patients.
The Small G-Protein RalA Promotes Progression and Metastasis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Thies Katie A , Cole Matthew W. , Schafer Rachel E , Spehar Jonathan M , Richardson Dillon S. , Steck Sarah A , Das Manjusri , Lian Arthur W. , Ray Alo , Shakya Reena , Knoblaugh Sue E , Timmers Cynthia D , Ostrowski Michael C , Chakravarti Arnab , Sizemore Gina M , Sizemore Steven T
Published: April 2021

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in women. In particular, triple-negative BC (TNBC) has the highest rate of mortality due in large part to the lack of targeted treatment options for this subtype. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify new molecular targets for TNBC treatment. RALA and RALB are small GTPases implicated in growth and metastasis of a variety of cancers, although little is known of their roles in BC. Methods: The necessity of RALA and RALB for TNBC tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated in vivo using orthotopic and tail-vein models. In vitro, 2D and 3D cell culture methods were used to evaluate the contributions of RALA and RALB during TNBC cell migration, invasion, and viability. The association between TNBC patient outcome and RALA and RALB expression was examined using publicly available gene expression data and patient tissue microarrays. Finally, small molecule inhibition of RALA and RALB was evaluated as a potential treatment strategy for TNBC in cell line and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Results: Knockout or depletion of RALA inhibited orthotopic primary tumor growth, spontaneous metastasis, and experimental metastasis of TNBC cells in vivo. Conversely, knockout of RALB increased TNBC growth and metastasis. In vitro, RALA and RALB had antagonistic effects on TNBC migration, invasion, and viability with RALA generally supporting and RALB opposing these processes. In BC patient populations, elevated RALA but not RALB expression is significantly associated with poor outcome across all BC subtypes and specifically within TNBC patient cohorts. Immunohistochemical staining for RALA in patient cohorts confirmed the prognostic significance of RALA within the general BC population and the TNBC population specifically. BQU57, a small molecule inhibitor of RALA and RALB, decreased TNBC cell line viability, sensitized cells to paclitaxel in vitro and decreased tumor growth and metastasis in TNBC cell line and PDX models in vivo. Conclusions: Together, these data demonstrate important but paradoxical roles for RALA and RALB in the pathogenesis of TNBC and advocate further investigation of RALA as a target for the precise treatment of metastatic TNBC.
Exporting metal-carbene chemistry to live mammalian cells: Cop-per-catalyzed intracellular synthesis of quinoxalines enabled by N-H carbene insertions
Authors: Gutiérrez Sara , Tomás-Gamasa María , Mascareñas Jose
Published: April 2021

Harnessing the power of transition metal catalysis in biological settings, and especially inside living cells, can open a world of new opportunities in chemical and cell biology, as well as in biomedicine. Yet, advancing in this endeavor requires to address major chal-lenges associated to biocompatibility, transport and bioorthogonality issues, as well as the stability of the catalyst in these aqueous, crowded environments. This is especially relevant in reactions that involve the formation of organometallic intermediates that are considered labile, such as metal carbenes. Here, we demonstrate the viability of perform-ing catalytic metal carbene intermolecular transfer reactions inside live mammalian cells. In particular, we show that copper (II) catalysts can promote the intracellular an-nulation of alpha-keto diazocarbenes with ortho-amino arylamines, in a process that is initiated by the insertion of the carbene into the N-H bond of the substrate. The poten-tial of this transformation is underscored by the intracellular synthesis of a product that alters mitochondrial functions, and by demonstrating cell selective biological re-sponses using targeted copper catalysts. Considering the wide reactivity spectrum of metal carbenes, this work opens the door for significantly expanding the repertoire of reactions that can be performed in live environments and for unveiling new biological applications.
Analytical Breakdown Voltage Model for Partial SOI-LDMOS Transistor with Buried Oxide Step Structure
Authors: Sahoo Jagamohan , Mahapatra Rajat
Published: April 2021

We have developed a simple physics-based two-dimensional analytical Off-state breakdown voltage model of a PBOSS Silicon-On-Insulator Lateral Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (SOI-LDMOS) transistor. The analytical model includes the expressions of surface potential and electric field distributions in the drift region by solving the 2D Poisson’s equation. The electric field at the Si-SiO2 surface is modified by creating additional electric field peaks due to the presence of the PBOSS structure. The uniformly distributed electric field results in improving the breakdown voltage. Further, the breakdown voltage is analytically obtained via critical electric field concept to quantify the breakdown characteristic. The model exploits the impact of the critical device design parameters such as thickness and length of the PBOSS structure, doping, and thickness of the drift region on the surface electric field and the breakdown voltage. The proposed model is verified by the results obtained from ATLAS two dimensional simulations. The analytical model is of the high potential from a physical and mathematical point of view to design high voltage SOI-LDMOS transistors for power switching applications.
Modelling and Reasoning Techniques for Context – Aware Computing in Intelligent Transportation System
Authors: R Chinnaiyan , M Swarnamugi
Published: April 2021

The emergence of IoT technology and recent advancement in sensor networks enabled transportation systems to a new dimension called Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Due to increased usage of vehicles and communication among entities in road traffic scenarios, the amount of raw data generation in ITS is huge. This raw data are to be processed to infer contextual information and provide new services related to different modes of road transport such as traffic signal management, accident prediction, object detection etc.,. To understand the importance of context, this article aims to study context-awareness in the Intelligent Transportation System. We present a review on prominent applications developed in the literature concerning context – awareness in the intelligent transportation system. The objective of this survey article is (i) to highlight context and its features in ITS (ii) to address the applicability of modelling techniques and reasoning approaches in ITS (iii) to shed light on impact of IoT and machine learning in ITS development.