bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Welfare Recipients View Significant to Become Self-Sufficient
Authors: Francois Lucson
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of welfare recipients regarding factors significant to becoming self-sufficient in Southeast Florida. The study took a qualitative approach, administering in-depth interviews to 20 current welfare clients. To ensure valid and reliable results, a computer software program known as QSR NVivo 10 was utilized for the accurate coding of responses. Findings in the study suggest that benefits, such as child care, transportation, Medicaid, subsidized employment, housing assistance, and vocational training provided by the government are significant in helping welfare recipients successfully transition from relying on the governmental assistance to obtaining reliable employment with the ultimate goal of becoming self-sufficient; however, their perception differs from policy makers in terms of the benefits provided by the government and how those benefits should be provided. Participants reported that the most helpful programs to their becoming successful were subsidized employment and vocational training. They believed the programs should be redesigned to focus on clients’ success. They believed community service did not help them achieve their long- term goal of becoming independent. Implications for social work research and practice are suggested.
How Perceived Brand Globalness Drives Value in Emerging Markets: An Examination from China
Authors: Yu Chunling , Dong Lily
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of consumers’ perceived brand globalness (PBG) on their brand attitudes in the emerging market that has experienced rapid growth and transition. We also examine the moderating effect of the age difference on the relationship between PBG and brand attitude. Building from prior research in global branding, we develop a framework to illustrate how motivating factors drive consumers’ desire for global brands in the emerging market of China. A scale is developed and tested on a national sample of Chinese consumers using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that perceived globalness of brands affects consumers’ attitude indirectly through three factors, namely, perceived brand quality (PBQ), perceived social prestige (PSP), and perceived association of consumption trend (PACT) associated with owning or consuming a global brand in emerging market. PACT is the strongest pathway, which suggests that Chinese consumers are more interested in keeping up with the world fashion and being modern whereas the influence of quality and social prestige is decreasing. In addition, various effects of these factors are examined in different generations of consumers.
An Exploratory Study of Customer Satisfaction with International Student Recruitment Agencies: A Case Study in New Zealand
Authors: Yang Shaohua , Chen Xingxing , Shen Xiaoli
Published: October 2017

This paper explores customer satisfaction in education service industry (international students’ recruitment agents) in New Zealand. To identify the factors that will increase international students’ satisfaction, and find possible methods to retain international students, mixed methods were employed in one international agency in Auckland. A total of 100 questionnaires were completed and semi-structured interviews were conducted with international students and education consultants. The findings indicate that professional knowledge, service, personalities and communication are key factors that will influence international students’ satisfaction. Moreover, the findings also demonstrate that the increase of consultants’ satisfaction results in international students’ satisfaction. Establishing high contact with international students is a possible method to retain them. Results are discussed in relation to international students’ satisfaction in the context of education service industry. This paper enriches the body of literatures on higher education particularly on international student’s satisfaction with third parties (international agents). Recommendation for practice that could enhance the understanding of international students’ satisfaction, is also discussed.
Linguistic Strategies for Western Cosmetic Brand Translation in China
Authors: Liu Jiafeng
Published: October 2017

Based on an aim-adaptation approach, this article investigates the linguistic strategies used by 126 western cosmetic brands in their Chinese renaming. Firstly, the linguistic features of the original English brand names and the translated Chinese names are summarized and compared. Secondly, the specific features reflected in the translating process are summarized. Our analysis shows that adaptations from phonetic, lexical and semantic components of the name should be adopted to meet the aims and needs of the cosmetic brand and its customers.
The Effectiveness of Applying the Baldrige Quality Standards in Higher Education to Achieve Competitive Advantage: Case Study on Jordanian Private Universities
Authors: Faleh Obeidallah Khawaldeh
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to know the effect of applying the Baldrige quality standards in Jordanian private universities, to ensure that there is independence between them and to determine whether there is a statistically significant relation between the quality and competitive advantage strategies in the study community. The study population consists of (N = 685) staff members distributed in (6) private universities. A stratified-proportional-random sample (n = 220) represented by employees in universities departments, by representing (32%) of total population was selected in order to complete the research questionnaire, and 160 questionnaire representing (73%) of the study sample were retrieved. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques (frequencies, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Correlation) and T test.In addition to, the finding of this study indicate following:1. There is an application by the Jordanian universities for the following quality standards for the following quality: the commitment of the senior management to the quality, the availability and analysis of the information, and the efficiency of the workforce, while both strategic planning and customer satisfaction were not applied.2. There is reliability between strategic planning, customer satisfaction, workforce efficiency and competitive advantage strategies.3. There is statistically significant relationship between the commitment of senior management to quality, strategic planning, and efficiency of the workforce with competitive advantage strategies.4. There is significant effect on each of the Baldrige standards of independent quality, which includes the commitment of senior management to quality, customer satisfaction, information availability and data analysis on competitive advantage.
Use of Big Data to Improve Environmental Sustainability in Developing Countries
Authors: Adel Abdo Mukred Maged , Jianguo Zheng
Published: October 2017

Big data inhibits the ability to significantly impact a wide range of fields in an economy, from the government sector to commercial sectors like retail and healthcare. Not only has it altered the way companies assess their product’s demand and supply patterns but has also phenomenally helped in making the environment healthier in recent years. It carries the ability to identify valuable data from a huge dataset with exceptional parallel processing. This study presents the general introduction of big data bringing forth its various features and advantages along with the challenges which organizations face while using with respect to environmental sustainability. Observations have also been made on the findings of various researches, and studies and surveys performed by some international organizations in the recent years on the urgent need of taking necessary measures and initiatives to prevent further depletion of natural resources thus making the environment sustainable. Making the issue the study aim, future studies must intend to explore how multinational corporations can enhance environmental sustainability through big data analytics. Lastly, recommendations have been made to organisations– private and public in hiring adequate expertise and set-up, thereby making big data analytics more efficient and reliable.
Differentials in Metropolitanisation Trends in Lagos Peri-Urban Settlements
Authors: Adedire Funmilayo Mokunfayo
Published: October 2017

This paper examines the differential in the metropolitanisation of Lagos peri-urban settlements and the policy implication on locational quality of the emerging settlements. Two case studies of Ibeju-Lekki and Ikorodu were selected to represent the peri-urban settlements outside Lagos metropolitan regions. Using purposive sampling, thirty four settlements were selected which comprise sixteen and eighteen in Ibeju-Lekki and Ikorodu respectively. Data was sourced primarily through administration of 370 and 384 questionnaires to household heads in the selected settlements in Ibeju-Lekki and Ikorodu. Secondary data was sourced by conversion of analogue spatial images, the land use maps and satellite images of the study area to digital format. Spatial images from 1980 through 2016 were acquired for this study. Acquired satellite images from Google Earth archive were brought into ArcGIS environment for geo-referencing. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analysed using time series and satellite image analysis. Findings show a differential in transformation of the two cases due to varying demographic characteristics of residents, the locational convenience, level of linkages and the regional government housing policy. It is recommended that the regional planning should create a balance between the pace of development and infrastructural provision in the peri-urban to limit the disparity in development in Lagos peri-urban settlements.
On vector bundles for a Morse decomposition of $L\mathbb{C}\mathrm{P}^n$
Authors: Ottosen Iver
Published: October 2017

We give a description of the negative bundles for the energy integral on the free loop space $L\mathbb{C}\mathrm{P}^n$ in terms of circle vector bundles over projective Stiefel manifolds. We compute the mod $p$ Chern classes of the associated homotopy orbit bundles.
Presentations of rings with a chain of semidualizing modules
Authors: Amanzadeh Ensiyeh , Dibaei Mohammad T.
Published: October 2017

Inspired by Jorgensen et al., it is proved that if a Cohen-Macaulay local ring $R$ with dualizing module admits a suitable chain of semidualizing $R$-modules of length $n$, then $R\cong Q/(I_1+\cdots +I_n)$ for some Gorenstein ring $Q$ and ideals $I_1,\dots , I_n$ of $Q$; and, for each $\Lambda \subseteq [n]$, the ring $Q/(\sum _{\ell \in \Lambda } I_\ell )$ has some interesting cohomological properties. This extends the result of Jorgensen et al., and also of Foxby and Reiten.
Positive solutions for parametric semilinear Robin problems with indefinite and unbounded potential
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D.
Published: October 2017

We consider a parametric Robin problem driven by the Laplace operator plus an indefinite and unbounded potential. The reaction term is a Carathéodory function which exhibits superlinear growth near $+\infty $ without satisfying the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition. We are looking for positive solutions and prove a bifurcation-type theorem describing the dependence of the set of positive solutions on the parameter. We also establish the existence of the minimal positive solution $u^*_{\lambda }$ and investigate the monotonicity and continuity properties of the map $\lambda \mapsto u^*_{\lambda }$.
Action history influences subsequent movement via two distinct processes
Authors: Marinovic Welber , Poh Eugene , de Rugy Aymar , Carroll Timothy J
Published: October 2017

The characteristics of goal-directed actions tend to resemble those of previously executed actions, but it is unclear whether such effects depend strictly on action history, or also reflect context-dependent processes related to predictive motor planning. Here we manipulated the time available to initiate movements after a target was specified, and studied the effects of predictable movement sequences, to systematically dissociate effects of the most recently executed movement from the movement required next. We found that directional biases due to recent movement history strongly depend upon movement preparation time, suggesting an important contribution from predictive planning. However predictive biases co-exist with an independent source of bias that depends only on recent movement history. The results indicate that past experience influences movement execution through a combination of temporally-stable processes that are strictly use-dependent, and dynamically-evolving and context-dependent processes that reflect prediction of future actions.
Conserved neural circuit structure across Drosophila larval development revealed by comparative connectomics
Authors: Gerhard Stephan , Andrade Ingrid , Fetter Richard D , Cardona Albert , Schneider-Mizell Casey M
Published: October 2017

During postembryonic development, the nervous system must adapt to a growing body. How changes in neuronal structure and connectivity contribute to the maintenance of appropriate circuit function remains unclear. Previously , we measured the cellular neuroanatomy underlying synaptic connectivity in Drosophila (Schneider-Mizell et al., 2016). Here, we examined how neuronal morphology and connectivity change between first instar and third instar larval stages using serial section electron microscopy. We reconstructed nociceptive circuits in a larva of each stage and found consistent topographically arranged connectivity between identified neurons. Five-fold increases in each size, number of terminal dendritic branches, and total number of synaptic inputs were accompanied by cell type-specific connectivity changes that preserved the fraction of total synaptic input associated with each pre-synaptic partner. We propose that precise patterns of structural growth act to conserve the computational function of a circuit, for example determining the location of a dangerous stimulus.
A corticostriatal deficit promotes temporal distortion of automatic action in ageing
Authors: Matamales Miriam , Skrbis Zala , Bailey Matthew R , Balsam Peter D , Balleine Bernard W , Götz Jürgen , Bertran-Gonzalez Jesus
Published: October 2017

The acquisition of motor skills involves implementing action sequences that increase task efficiency while reducing cognitive loads. This learning capacity depends on specific cortico-basal ganglia circuits that are affected by normal ageing. Here, combining a series of novel behavioural tasks with extensive neuronal mapping and targeted cell manipulations in mice, we explored how ageing of cortico-basal ganglia networks alters the microstructure of action throughout sequence learning. We found that, after extended training, aged mice produced shorter actions and displayed squeezed automatic behaviours characterised by ultrafast oligomeric action chunks that correlated with deficient reorganisation of corticostriatal activity. Chemogenetic disruption of a striatal subcircuit in young mice reproduced age-related within-sequence features, and the introduction of an action-related feedback cue temporarily restored normal sequence structure in aged mice. Our results reveal static properties of aged cortico-basal ganglia networks that introduce temporal limits to action automaticity, something that can compromise procedural learning in ageing.
Risk of punishment influences discrete and coordinated encoding of reward-guided actions by prefrontal cortex and VTA neurons
Authors: Park Junchol , Moghaddam Bita
Published: October 2017

Actions motivated by rewards are often associated with risk of punishment. Little is known about the neural representation of punishment risk during reward-seeking behavior. We modeled this circumstance in rats by designing a task where actions were consistently rewarded but probabilistically punished. Spike activity and local field potentials were recorded during task performance simultaneously from VTA and mPFC, two reciprocally connected regions implicated in reward-seeking and aversive behaviors. At the single unit level, we found that ensembles of putative dopamine and non-dopamine VTA neurons and mPFC neurons encode the relationship between action and punishment. At the network level, we found that coherent theta oscillations synchronize VTA and mPFC in a bottom-up direction, effectively phase-modulating the neuronal spike activity in the two regions during punishment-free actions. This synchrony declined as a function of punishment probability, suggesting that during reward-seeking actions, risk of punishment diminishes VTA-driven neural synchrony between the two regions.
The comparison of molecular and morphology-based phylogenies of trichaline net-winged beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae: Metriorrhynchini) with description of a new subgenus
Authors: Bocek Matej , Bocak Ladislav
Published: October 2017

Separate morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses are presented and the classification of trichaline net-winged beetles is revised. The clade, earlier given a subfamily, tribe or subtribe rank, is a terminal lineage in Metriorrhynchina and containsDiatrichalusKleine, 1926,EniclasesWaterhouse, 1879,FlabellotrichalusPic, 1921,LobatangBocak, 1998,MicrotrichalusPic, 1921,SchizotrichalusKleine, 1926, andTrichalusWaterhouse, 1877.Maibriussubgen. nov. is proposed inFlabellotrichaluswith the type-speciesFlabellotrichalus(Maibrius)horakisp. nov. Unlike previous studies,Lobatangis included in the trichaline clade. Further,SpinotrichalusKazantsev, 2010, stat. nov. is down-ranked to the subgenus inLobatangBocak, 1998 and a new combination,Lobatang(Spinotrichalus)telnovi(Kazantsev, 2010) comb. nov., is proposed. The morphology does not provide a sufficient support for robust phylogeny due to the intrageneric variability of most phenotypic traits and the limited number of characters supporting deep relationships. Most morphological generic diagnoses must be based on the shape of male genitalia. Other characters, such as the shapes of pronotum and antennae are commonly variable within genera. The fronto-lateral pronotal ridges ofEniclases+Schizotrichalusresemble the ancestral condition in Metriorrhynchini and they re-evolved in the terminal clade and do not indicate the early split ofEniclases+Schizotrichalusfrom other trichaline genera. The evolution of morphological traits and the conflict in the morphological and molecular phylogenetic signal are discussed in details. We suggest that the general appearance is affected by the evolution of mimetic complexes, the patterns of elytral costae by their strengthening function, and the presence of flabellate antennae by their role in sexual communication. Then, similar phenotypic traits evolve in unrelated lineages. The results demonstrate that phylogenetic classification must be based on all available information because neither morphological traits nor DNA data robustly support all recovered relationships.
High Pressure Experiments on Metal‐Silicate Partitioning of Chlorine in a Magma Ocean: Implications for Terrestrial Chlorine Depletion
Authors: Kuwahara Hideharu , Gotou Hirotada , Shinmei Toru , Ogawa Nobuhiro , Yamaguchi Asuka , Takahata Naoto , Sano Yuji , Yagi Takehiko , Sugita Seiji
Published: October 2017

In the bulk silicate Earth, chlorine is more depleted than other elements with similar volatilities; however, the cause of terrestrial chlorine depletion is not well understood. Two major hypotheses have been proposed to explain this depletion: Incorporation into the Earth's metallic core and escape to space. The former hypothesis can be tested by investigating the partitioning of chlorine between iron‐rich metallic liquids and silicate melts. In this study, we investigated the experimental partitioning of chlorine between iron‐rich metallic liquids and silicate melts at pressures from 4 to 23 GPa and temperatures from 1,650 to 2,400°C using multi‐anvil presses. The results demonstrate that chlorine is moderately to highly lithophile under the experimental conditions. In sulfur‐free experiments, chlorine becomes slightly more siderophile as temperature increases and less siderophile as pressure increases. For sulfur‐bearing experiments, no significant effects of pressure or temperature were observed. Based on these data and thermodynamic considerations, we obtained empirical laws to estimate chlorine partition coefficients between iron‐rich metallic liquids and silicate melts. Under the P‐T conditions that would have controlled metal‐silicate equilibration during core segregation in the Earth, the calculated metal‐silicate partition coefficients for chlorine are much lower than unity. This result suggests that terrestrial chlorine that may have been present in the accreting Earth was not partitioned into its core, supporting that escape to space is the more likely hypothesis. If terrestrial chlorine was lost to space, chlorine depletion may have resulted from the loss of the primordial hydrosphere during the formation of the Earth.
Constraints on Water Reservoir Lifetimes From Catchment‐Wide 10Be Erosion Rates—A Case Study From Western Turkey
Authors: Heineke Caroline , Hetzel Ralf , Akal Cüneyt , Christl Marcus
Published: October 2017

The functionality and retention capacity of water reservoirs is generally impaired by upstream erosion and reservoir sedimentation, making a reliable assessment of erosion indispensable to estimate reservoir lifetimes. Widely used river gauging methods may underestimate sediment yield, because they do not record rare, high‐magnitude events and may underestimate bed load transport. Hence, reservoir lifetimes calculated from short‐term erosion rates should be regarded as maximum values. We propose that erosion rates from cosmogenic 10Be, which commonly integrate over hundreds to thousands of years, are useful to complement short‐term sediment yield estimates and should be employed to estimate minimum reservoir lifetimes. Here we present 10Be erosion rates for the drainage basins of six water reservoirs in Western Turkey, which are located in a tectonically active region with easily erodible bedrock. Our 10Be erosion rates for these catchments are high, ranging from ∼170 to ∼1,040 t/km2/yr. When linked to reservoir volumes, they yield minimum reservoir lifetimes between 25 ± 5 and 1,650 ± 360 years until complete filling, with four reservoirs having minimum lifespans of ≤110 years. In a neighboring region with more resistant bedrock and less tectonic activity, we obtain much lower catchment‐wide 10Be erosion rates of ∼33 to ∼95 t/km2/yr, illustrating that differences in lithology and tectonic boundary conditions can cause substantial variations in erosion even at a spatial scale of only ∼50 km. In conclusion, we suggest that both short‐term sediment yield estimates and 10Be erosion rates should be employed to predict the lifetimes of reservoirs.
Control of Cooperativity through a Reversible Structural Phase Transition in MoMo‐Methyl/Cu(111)
Authors: Kollamana Jobynson , Wei Zheng , Lyu Lu , Zimmer Manuel , Dietrich Fabian , Eul Tobias , Stöckl Johannes , Maniraj Mahalingam , Ponzoni Stefano , Cinchetti Mirko , Stadtmüller Benjamin , Gerhards Markus , Aeschlimann Martin
Published: October 2017

The bimetallic molecular compound Dimolybdenum tetraacetate (MoMo‐Methyl) is grown on a Cu(111) surface with submonolayer coverage. Scanning tunneling microscopy experiments reveal that the compound forms two different structural phases on the Cu surface, whose ratio can be reversibly controlled by changing the sample temperature. The so‐called chain‐phase is characterized by tilted MoMo dimers bonded to the Cu surface via the methyl groups. In the so‐called mesh‐phase, on the other hand, the molecules adsorb in a flat lying adsorption configuration with one of the Mo‐atoms in direct contact with the Cu surface. Crucially, the different structural properties of the two phases reflect the different inter‐ and intramolecular interactions between the Mo metal centers, as well as the different interactions between Mo and the Cu surface atoms. In this way, the structural changes result in a modification of the cooperative effects in the system. Therefore, it is proposed that the observed reversible structural phase transition could be used to control the strength of cooperative effects in MoMo‐Methyl on Cu(111).
Built‐In Electric Fields Dramatically Induce Enhancement of Osseointegration
Authors: Liu Yun , Zhang Xuehui , Cao Cen , Zhang Yuelin , Wei Jinqi , Li Yong jun , Liang Weiwei , Hu Zhewen , Zhang Jinxing , Wei Yan , Deng Xuliang
Published: October 2017

Rapid and effective osseointegration is a great challenge in clinical practice. Endogenous electronegative potentials spontaneously appear on bone defect sites and mediate healing. Thus, bone healing can potentially be stimulated using physiologically relevant electrical signals in implants. However, it is difficult to directly introduce physiologically relevant electric fields in bone tissue. In this study, built‐in electric fields are established between electropositive ferroelectric BiFeO3 (BFO) nanofilms and electronegative bone defect walls to trigger implant osseointegration and biological healing. Epitaxial growth technique is used to organize the crystal panel at an atomic scale, and ferroelectric polarization of BFO nanofilms matching the amplitude and direction of endogenous electric potentials on bone defect walls is achieved. In the presence of built‐in electric fields, implants with BFO nanofilms with downward polarization (BFO+) show rapid and superior osseointegration in the rat femur. The mechanism of this phenotypic osteogenic behavior is further studied by protein adsorption and stem cell behavior in different time points. BFO+ promotes protein adsorption and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment, spreading, and osteogenic differentiation. Custom‐designed PCR array examination shows sequentially initiated Ca2+ signaling, cell adhesion and spreading, and PI3K‐AKT signaling in MSCs. The results of this study provide a novel strategy for the development of implant surface modification technology.
Graphene Oxide‐Based Lamella Network for Enhanced Sound Absorption
Authors: Nine Md Julker , Ayub Md , Zander Anthony C. , Tran Diana N. H. , Cazzolato Benjamin S. , Losic Dusan
Published: October 2017

Noise is an environmental pollutant with recognized impacts on the psychological and physiological health of humans. Many porous materials are often limited by low sound absorption over a broad frequency range, delicacy, excessive weight and thickness, poor moisture insulation, high temperature instability, and lack of readiness for high volume commercialization. Herein, an efficient and robust lamella‐structure is reported as an acoustic absorber based on self‐assembled interconnected graphene oxide (GO) sheets supported by a grill‐shaped melamine skeleton. The fabricated lamella structure exhibits ≈60.3% enhancement over a broad absorption band between 128 and 4000 Hz (≈100% at lower frequencies) compared to the melamine foam. The enhanced acoustic absorption is identified to be structure dependent regardless of the density. The sound dissipation in the open‐celled structure is due to the viscous and thermal losses, whereas it is predominantly tortuosity in wave propagation and enhanced surface area for the GO‐based lamella. In addition to the enhanced acoustic absorption and mechanical robustness, the lamella provides superior structural functionality over many conventional sound absorbers including, moisture/mist insulation and fire retardancy. The fabrication of this new sound absorber is inexpensive, scalable and can be adapted for extensive applications in commercial, residential, and industrial building structures.
Using Bulk Heterojunctions and Selective Electron Trapping to Enhance the Responsivity of Perovskite–Graphene Photodetectors
Authors: Qin Liang , Wu Liping , Kattel Bhupal , Li Chunhai , Zhang Yong , Hou Yanbing , Wu Judy , Chan Wai‐Lun
Published: October 2017

Graphene field effect transistor sensitized by a layer of semiconductor (sensitizer/GFET) is a device structure that is investigated extensively for ultrasensitive photodetection. Among others, organometallic perovskite semiconductor sensitizer has the advantages of long carrier lifetime and solution processable. A further step to improve the responsivity is to design a structure that can promote electron–hole separation and selective carrier trapping in the sensitizer. Here, the use of a hybrid perovskite–organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) as the light sensitizer to achieve this goal is demonstrated. Our spectroscopy and device measurements show that the CH3NH3PbI3–PCBM BHJ/GFET device has improved charge separation yield and carrier lifetime as compared to a reference device with a CH3NH3PbI3 sensitizer only. The key to these enhancement is the presence of [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), which acts as charge separation and electron trapping sites, resulting in a 30‐fold increase in the photoresponsivity. This work shows that the use of a small amount of electron or hole acceptors in the sensitizer layer can be an effective strategy for improving and tuning the photoresponsivity of sensitizer/GFET photodetectors.
All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces for Simultaneous Giant Circular Asymmetric Transmission and Wavefront Shaping Based on Asymmetric Photonic Spin–Orbit Interactions
Authors: Zhang Fei , Pu Mingbo , Li Xiong , Gao Ping , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Jun , Yu Honglin , Luo Xiangang
Published: October 2017

The control of polarization and wavefront plays an important role in many optical systems. In this work, a monolayer metasurface is proposed to simultaneously realize circular asymmetric transmission (AT) and wavefront shaping based on asymmetric spin–orbit interactions. Circularly polarized incidence, accompanied with arbitrary wavefront modulation, experiences spin‐selected destructive or constructive interference. An extinction ratio of ≈10:1 and an AT parameter of ≈0.69 at 9.6 µm, as well as a full width half‐maximum of ≈2.9 µm (≈30% of the peak wavelength), are measured with the designed metasurface. These measured results are more than four times of those achieved with previous monolayer chiral structures. As far as it is known, this is the first report on the realization of simultaneous giant AT and arbitrary wavefront modulation with only one metasurface. Due to its fabrication simplicity and the multifunctionality of the designed metasurface, this work may provide a promising route to replace bulky cascading optical components with only one ultrathin metasurface for chiroptical spectroscopy, chiral imaging, optical communication, and so forth.
Effects of Defects on the Temperature‐Dependent Thermal Conductivity of Suspended Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Yarali Milad , Wu Xufei , Gupta Tushar , Ghoshal Debjit , Xie Lixin , Zhu Zhuan , Brahmi Hatem , Bao Jiming , Chen Shuo , Luo Tengfei , Koratkar Nikhil , Mavrokefalos Anastassios
Published: October 2017

It is understood that defects of the atomic arrangement of the lattice in 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can have a profound effect on the electronic and optical properties. Beyond these it is a major prerequisite to also understand the fundamental effect of such defects on phonon transport, to guarantee the successful integration of MoS2 into the solid‐state devices. A comprehensive joint experiment‐theory investigation to explore the effect of lattice defects on the thermal transport of the suspended MoS2 monolayer grown by CVD is presented. The measured room temperature thermal conductivity values are 30 ± 3.3 and 35.5 ± 3 W m−1 K−1 for two samples, which are more than two times smaller than that of their exfoliated counterpart. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that these CVD‐grown samples are polycrystalline in nature with low angle grain boundaries, which is primarily responsible for their reduced thermal conductivity. Higher degree of polycrystallinity and aging effects also result in smoother temperature dependency of thermal conductivity (κ) at temperatures below 100 K. First‐principles lattice dynamics simulations are carried out to understand the role of defects such as isotopes, vacancies, and grain boundaries on the phonon scattering rates of our CVD‐grown samples.
Nacre‐Inspired Structural Composites: Performance‐Enhancement Strategy and Perspective
Authors: Zhao Hewei , Guo Lin
Published: October 2017

For modern material engineering, one of the most ambitious goals is to develop lightweight structural materials with superior strength and toughness. Nacre, a typical biomaterial with high mechanical performance, has always inspired synthesis of high‐performance structural composites. Here, the synthesis strategies for further enhancing the strength and toughness of novel nacre‐inspired structural composites, including ternary artificial nacre, artificial nacre reinforced by bridges, and those with an ultrahigh content of a hard phase, are reviewed. Also, the challenges and outlook for preparing lighter, stronger, and tougher structural composites are discussed.
Synthesis of Large‐Size 1T′ ReS2xSe2(1−x) Alloy Monolayer with Tunable Bandgap and Carrier Type
Authors: Cui Fangfang , Feng Qingliang , Hong Jinhua , Wang Renyan , Bai Yu , Li Xiaobo , Liu Dongyan , Zhou Yu , Liang Xing , He Xuexia , Zhang Zhongyue , Liu Shengzhong , Lei Zhibin , Liu Zonghuai , Zhai Tianyou , Xu Hua
Published: October 2017

Chemical vapor deposition growth of 1T′ ReS2xSe2(1−x) alloy monolayers is reported for the first time. The composition and the corresponding bandgap of the alloy can be continuously tuned from ReSe2 (1.32 eV) to ReS2 (1.62 eV) by precisely controlling the growth conditions. Atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals an interesting local atomic distribution in ReS2xSe2(1−x) alloy, where S and Se atoms are selectively occupied at different X sites in each Re‐X6 octahedral unit cell with perfect matching between their atomic radius and space size of each X site. This structure is much attractive as it can induce the generation of highly desired localized electronic states in the 2D surface. The carrier type, threshold voltage, and carrier mobility of the alloy‐based field effect transistors can be systematically modulated by tuning the alloy composition. Especially, for the first time the fully tunable conductivity of ReS2xSe2(1−x) alloys from n‐type to bipolar and p‐type is realized. Owing to the 1T′ structure of ReS2xSe2(1−x) alloys, they exhibit strong anisotropic optical, electrical, and photoelectric properties. The controllable growth of monolayer ReS2xSe2(1−x) alloy with tunable bandgaps and electrical properties as well as superior anisotropic feature provides the feasibility for designing multifunctional 2D optoelectronic devices.
One Pot Synthesis of γ‐Benzopyranones via Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation and Subsequent 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine Catalyzed 6‐endo Cyclization
Authors: Zhai Di , Chen Lingzhu , Jia Minqiang , Ma Shengming
Published: October 2017

One‐pot synthesis of γ‐benzopyranones was realized in decent yields and excellent regioselectivities via iron‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine‐catalyzed cyclization of related propargylic alcohols. Derivatizations to aromatic substituted γ‐benzopyranones and synthesis of naturally occurring 3′,4′‐dimethoxyflavone have also been realized.

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Highly Regio‐ and Enantioselective Nitroso Diels−Alder Reaction of 1,3‐Diene‐1‐carbamates Catalyzed by Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide/Copper(II) Complex
Authors: Lu Yan , Zhou Yuhang , Zhang Jingchuan , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: October 2017

A chiral N,N′‐dioxide/Copper(II) complex‐catalyzed highly regio‐ and enantioselective nitroso Diels−Alder (NDA) reaction of 2‐nitrosopyridines with 1,3‐diene‐1‐carbamates was described. A series of 3,6‐dihydro‐1,2‐oxazines were obtained in good to excellent yields and ee values. On the basis of the control experiments, ESI‐MS analysis and the absolute configuration of the product, a possible transition state model was proposed to explain the stereocontrol.

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Thermal decomposition study of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of commercially available oxides catalysts
Authors: Nisar Jan , Khan Muhammad Sufaid , Iqbal Munawar , Shah Afzal , Ali Ghulam , Sayed Murtaza , Khan Rafaqat Ali , Shah Faheem , Mahmood Tariq
Published: October 2017

The pyrolysis behavior of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the presence of commercially available oxides catalysts was investigated using thermogravimetry. The pyrolysis proceeded under a heating rate of 5°C/min in the temperature range of 200–650°C. The thermogravimetric properties in terms of reduction in maximum degradation temperature and percent conversion were studied. The silica gel mesoporous catalyst, with a greater pore size and surface area, was found to be the most active materials in terms of reduction in maximum degradation temperature and increase in percent conversion. The alumina acidic, silica ppt, and alumina neutral catalysts also showed good results; however, their effects were less pronounced as compared to silica gel. The effects of these different catalysts show that surface area, pore size, and number of acidic sites are found to be the major factors for the energy efficient degradation of polymers.
Short‐term outcomes of open liver resection and laparoscopic liver resection: Secondary analysis of data from a multicenter prospective study (CSGO‐HBP‐004)
Authors: Kobayashi Shogo , Fukui Keisuke , Takeda Yutaka , Nakahira Shin , Tsujie Masanori , Shimizu Junzo , Miyamoto Atsushi , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Nagano Hiroaki , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki
Published: October 2017

The aim of the present study was to compare short‐term outcomes of laparoscopic and open liver resection (LLR and OLR, respectively), and we first analyzed a preoperatively enrolled and prospectively collected database. We carried out a secondary analysis using a preoperative enrolled database that included the details of 786 patients who had been enrolled in a previously carried out randomized controlled trial to assess short‐term outcomes, including morbidities. Statistical analyses included logistic regression, propensity score matching (PSM) with replacement, and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses. Among 780 liver resections, OLR was carried out in 543 patients and LLR was carried out in 237 patients. LLR was selected in patients with a worse liver function and was related to a smaller resected liver weight and/or partial resection. Logistic regression, PSM, and IPTW analyses revealed that LLR was associated with less blood loss and a lower incidence of morbidities, but a longer operating time. LLR was found to be a preferred factor in biliary leakage by IPTW only. LLR was a preferred factor for blood loss, morbidities and hospital stay, but was associated with a longer operating time. UMIN‐CTR, UMIN000003324.
Does smoking impact dopamine neuronal loss in de novo Parkinson disease?
Authors: Lee Yoonju , Oh Jungsu S. , Chung Seok Jong , Chung Su Jin , Kim Soo‐Jong , Nam Chung Mo , Lee Phil Hyu , Kim Jae Seung , Sohn Young H.
Published: October 2017

This study analyzed data from dopamine transporter (DAT) positron emission tomographic scans of 282 male patients with de novo Parkinson disease to investigate whether smoking impacts striatal dopamine neuronal degeneration. Mean DAT activity in the posterior (p = 0.016) and ventral putamen (p = 0.028) was higher in 44 current smokers in comparison to 105 ex‐smokers and 133 never‐smokers. The severity of baseline motor deficits and the longitudinal increases in levodopa‐equivalent doses during follow‐up were similar among the 3 groups. These results suggest that current smoking, but not past smoking, protects dopamine neuronal degeneration in the sensorimotor striatum with no additional clinical benefits. Ann Neurol 2017;82:850–854
Scandium‐Catalyzed Self‐Assisted Polar Co‐monomer Enchainment in Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Chen Jiazhen , Gao Yanshan , Wang Binghao , Lohr Tracy L. , Marks Tobin J.
Published: October 2017

Direct coordinative copolymerization of ethylene with functionalized co‐monomers is a long‐sought‐after approach to introducing polyolefin functionality. However, functional‐group Lewis basicity typically depresses catalytic activity and co‐monomer incorporation. Finding alternatives to intensively studied group 4 d0 and late‐transition‐metal catalysts is crucial to addressing this long‐standing challenge. Shown herein is that mono‐ and binuclear organoscandium complexes with a borate cocatalyst are active for ethylene + amino olefin [AO; H2C=CH(CH2)nNR2] copolymerizations in the absence of a Lewis‐acidic masking reagent. Both activity (up to 4.2×102 kg mol−1⋅h−1> atm−1>) and AO incorporation (up to 12 % at 0.2 m [AO]) are appreciable. Linker‐length‐dependent (n) AO incorporation and mechanistic probes support an unusual functional‐group‐assisted enchainment mechanism. Furthermore, the binuclear catalysts exhibit enhanced AO tolerance and enhanced long chain AO incorporation.
Access to α‐Amino Acid Esters through Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Amination of Vinyl Ethers with Hydrogen Peroxide as the Oxidant and Oxygen Source
Authors: Ouyang Lu , Li Jianxiao , Zheng Jia , Huang Jiuzhong , Qi Chaorong , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: October 2017

A novel and convenient palladium catalytic system for the synthesis of α‐amino acid esters from simple starting materials is reported. Hydrogen peroxide not only acts as the green oxidant, but also as the oxygen source. This strategy for the conversion of amines and vinyl ethers into highly functionalized and structurally diverse α‐amino acid esters is characterized by the simplicity of the experimental procedure, mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, scalability, and practicability.
A Magneto‐optical Molecular Device: Interplay of Spin Crossover, Luminescence, Photomagnetism, and Photochromism
Authors: Estrader Marta , Salinas Uber Jorge , Barrios Leoní A. , Garcia Jordi , Lloyd‐Williams Paul , Roubeau Olivier , Teat Simon J. , Aromí Guillem
Published: October 2017

A bis(pyrazolylpyridyl) ligand, L, containing a central photochromic dithienylethene spacer predictably forms a ferrous [Fe2L3]4+ helicate exhibiting spin crossover (SCO). In solution, the compound [Fe2L3](ClO4)4 (1) preserves the magnetic properties and is fluorescent. The structure of 1 is photo‐switchable following the reversible ring closure/opening of the central dithienylethene via irradiation with UV/visible light. This photoisomerization switches on and off some emission bands of 1 and provides a means of externally manipulating the magnetic properties of the assembly.
Experiences of Family Carers for Persons Using Antipsychotic Medication
Authors: Morrison Paul , Stomski Norman
Published: October 2017

Given the emphasis on the use of antipsychotic medication for severe mental illness, it is important to understand family carers’ perspectives on these medications and their effects on consumers’ lives. Such information may enable providers of family interventions to better understand families’ circumstances and more effectively support them in caring for mental health service users. Snowball sampling was used to recruit 29 family carers. Family carers acknowledged the calming effect of antipsychotic medication on service users, but also noted that there were few other therapeutic benefits. Moreover, the positive influence of antipsychotic medication was in most cases largely offset by the detrimental impact of antipsychotic medication on service users’ quality of life. The family carers in rationalising the trade‐off between beneficial and adverse antipsychotic medication effects typically experienced resignation, which was often accompanied by a sense of frustration that resulted from the reliance on medication.
Colliding Intersubjectivites: Transparency in Analytic Couple Therapy
Authors: Israelstam Ken
Published: October 2017

Using a research‐informed version of how analysts think and work, this paper renders more explicit and transparent how analytic concepts can inform working with couples. It describes how each partner's subjectively held belief systems interlock and escalate, which is referred to as ‘colliding subjectivities.’ The paper illustrates the potential for this situation of heightened tension to facilitate change.
The Impact of Authoritarian Regimes on Families … and on Therapists
Authors: Sluzki Carlos E.
Published: October 2017

Repressive powers require not only obedience on the part of the oppressed but also denial of the oppressive nature of their submission. While authoritarian governments are the focus of this article, this applies to any oppressive relationship. There is a slippery slope from experiencing the imposed nature of the oppressive rules to adapting to them to denying both internal and external evidence of their existence. To prevent that declining process becomes an urgent priority when totalitarianism appears on the political and interpersonal horizon, as it is to help people coming out of tyranny – therapists included – to recover the words and the agency lost in their previous experiences.
Family Therapy for a Korean Son with Schizophrenia
Authors: Park Jin‐Young , Park Yangjin , Park Tai‐Young
Published: October 2017

In recent decades the treatment of schizophrenia has focused primarily on pharmacotherapy with an emphasis on respite for family caregivers, support groups, and compliance regimens to sustain and maintain the affected client and family members. The use of family therapy models to intervene effectively with families affected by a diagnosis of schizophrenia is less common in the professional literature. This case study draws on the Mental Research Institute's communication theory and Bowen Family Systems Theory in therapeutic work with a Korean family.
How Do the Professional Lives of Family Therapists Affect their Private Relationships: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Tyskø Erna Henriette Dahl , Lorås Lennart
Published: October 2017

This article is based on a qualitative research project about how the professional lives of family therapists affect their private relationships. The overarching research question was: How does your professional work as a family therapist affect your private relationships? To answer this question, semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with four therapists from two different Family Counseling Services. Through the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis, three main findings were identified: (1) family therapists’ knowledge and values are a basis for interpersonal encounters; (2) participants describe resonance in relation to clients’ stories; and (3) therapists can be challenged in managing confidential knowledge particularly where they belong to the same communities as clients. The study also explores societal expectations and discourses that accompany the role of therapist, which can affect therapists’ freedom of movement in their private lives. These issues are discussed in relation to family therapy theory and relevant research.