bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cation and anion‐mediated resolution enhancement of bioprinted hydrogels for membranous tissue fabrication
Authors: McLoughlin Shannon T. , Wilcox Paige , Han Sarang , Caccamese John F. , Fisher John P.
Published: August 2024

Fabrication of engineered thin membranous tissues (TMTs) presents a significant challenge to researchers, as these structures are small in scale, but present complex anatomies containing multiple stratified cell layers. While numerous methodologies exist to fabricate such tissues, many are limited by poor mechanical properties, need for post‐fabrication, or lack of cytocompatibility. Extrusion bioprinting can address these issues, but lacks the resolution necessary to generate biomimetic, microscale TMT structures. Therefore, our goal was to develop a strategy that enhances bioprinting resolution below its traditional limit of 150 μm and delivers a viable cell population. We have generated a system to effectively shrink printed gels via electrostatic interactions between anionic and cationic polymers. Base hydrogels are composed of gelatin methacrylate type A (cationic), or B (anionic) treated with anionic alginate, and cationic poly‐L‐lysine, respectively. Through a complex coacervation‐like mechanism, the charges attract, causing compaction of the base GelMA network, leading to reduced sample dimensions. In this work, we evaluate the role of both base hydrogel and shrinking polymer charge on effective print resolution and cell viability. The alginate anion‐mediated system demonstrated the ability to reach bioprinting resolutions of 70 μm, while maintaining a viable cell population. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has produced such significant enhancement in extrusion bioprinting capabilities, while also remaining cytocompatible.
Differences in social support, emotion invalidation, psychological needs, cognitive emotion regulation in maritally adjusted and maladjusted women in Pakistan: A matched pairs design
Authors: Ain Noor ul , Ali Anam , Sitwat Aisha
Published: August 2024

The present study aimed to find out differences of social support, perceived emotion invalidation, psychological needs, and use of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in maritally adjusted and maladjusted after controlling for age, education, employment status, and depressive symptomatology. The cross‐sectional study uses a matched pairs design. The sample was divided into two groups; maritally adjusted and maladjusted women (n = 40 pairs) on basis of scores obtained on revised‐dyadic adjustment scale. Forty maritally adjusted women were matched with 40 maritally maladjusted women according to age, education, and employment status. Social support questionnaire, perceived invalidation of emotion scale, basic psychological need satisfaction frustration scale, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale were administered. One‐way ANCOVA revealed that maritally maladjusted women had lower level of social support [mean difference; −5.65(−9.97, −1.33), p < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.08] and more emotional invalidation [mean difference; 15.36(13.08, 17.65), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.71] compared to maritally adjusted women after controlling for the effect of depressive symptomatology. Maritally maladjusted women had more need frustration [mean difference; 10.75(7.59, 13.92), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.38] compared to maritally adjusted women. However, maritally adjusted women had more need satisfaction [mean difference; 13.36(9.67, 17.05), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.41] compared to maritally maladjusted women. Maritally adjusted women used more adaptive CER strategies (acceptance, refocus on planning and putting into perspective) [mean difference; 4.66(2.36, 6.95), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.18] compared to maritally maladjusted women whereas, maritally maladjusted women used more maladaptive strategies (self‐blame, catastrophizing and blaming others) [mean difference; 4.66(2.77, 6.54), p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.25] compared to maritally adjusted women. Maladjusted women had less social support and more emotional invalidation of emotions and psychological needs frustration. They used more maladaptive strategies to manage their negative emotions in comparison to maritally adjusted women. Identification of these cognitive emotion regulation strategies will help clinicians and counselors to devise psychological intervention targeting the use of adaptive strategies to minimize the negative mental health consequences.
Redefining Statin Dosage Post‐Gastric Bypass: Insights from a Population Pharmacokinetics–Pharmacodynamics Link Approach
Authors: Conchon Costa Ana Carolina , Medeiros Jose Ivan Marques , Kang Wonho , Yamamoto Priscila A. , de Gaitani Cristiane M. , Vasconcelos Mayrla E. D. , Da Silva Rodrigo Moreira , Kemp Rafael , Sankarankutty Ajith K. , Salgado Jr Wilson , Santos Jose Sebastiao , Schmidt Stephan , De Moraes Natalia Valadares
Published: August 2024

Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) involves creating a small stomach pouch, bypassing part of the small intestine, and rerouting the digestive tract. These alterations can potentially change the drug exposure and response. Our primary aim was to assess the impact of RYGB on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin lactone (SV) and its active metabolite, simvastatin hydroxy acid (SVA). Ultimately, we aimed to optimize dosing for this understudied population by employing a population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic link approach. The study comprised patients who had undergone RYGB surgery and individuals without a previous history of RYGB. All participants received a single oral dose of simvastatin. Plasma concentration data were analyzed with a nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling approach. A parent–metabolite model with first‐order absorption, 2‐compartments for SV and 1‐compartment for SVA, linear elimination, and enterohepatic circulation best described the data. The model was linked to the turnover pharmacodynamic model to describe the SVA inhibition on LDL‐cholesterol production. Our simulations indicated that following RYGB surgery, the exposure to SV and SVA decreased by 40%. Consequently, for low‐intensity statin patients, we recommend increasing the dose from 10 to 20 mg in post‐RYGB patients to maintain a comparable response to that of non‐operated subjects. Moderate‐intensity statin patients should require increasing doses to 40 or 60 mg or the addition of a non‐statin medication to achieve similar therapeutic outcomes. In conclusion, individuals post‐RYGB exhibit diminished exposure to SV and may benefit from increasing the dose or adjunctive therapy with non‐statin drugs to attain equivalent responses and mitigate potential adverse events.
The implementation of a diversified teaching model can enhance the quality and efficacy of dental materials science
Authors: Wang Zhenzhen , Li Mengting , Hu Bo , Lin Niu
Published: August 2024

Objective

Dental materials science is one of the fundamental disciplines in stomatology, encompassing clinical areas such as orthodontics, prosthodontics, and endodontics. Due to its extensive knowledge base, strong professional nature, and wide scope, teaching dental materials science presents a challenge. This study aimed to enhance the application of dental materials science in oral teaching by comparing the effectiveness of different teaching methods.

Methods

This research project was evaluated by the Xi'an Jiaotong University Committee on Human Subjects Research and approved as exempt research. A total of 56 clinical stomatology students from the first year and second year cohorts at the Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were selected for the study. The first year cohort served as the nonteaching reform class, while the second year cohort formed the teaching reform class. The impact of the teaching reform was assessed through a questionnaire survey and final examination results.

Results

The questionnaire survey of students in the teaching reform class indicated a significant improvement in their interest in professional courses and overall satisfaction with the teaching. Additionally, the final examination results revealed a significantly greater rate of excellence among students in the teaching reform class than among those in the nonteaching reform class, with no students failing.

Conclusion

The use of diverse teaching modes can enhance the quality and effectiveness of dental materials science instruction, offering a new approach for improving teaching in this discipline.
A regiospecific fischer indole reaction with 3‐oxo‐24‐nor‐allobetulin
Authors: Zakirova Liana , Baikova Irina , Lobov Alexander , Gatilov Yury , Polovyanenko Dmitriy , Каzakova Oxana
Published: August 2024

First case of regiospecific formation of indole fused with a triterpene scaffold is observed. Starting from 3‐oxo‐24‐nor‐allobetulin Fischer reaction with phenylhydrazine under the influence of weak acid catalyst led to 3H‐indole (indolenine) 4. This process was accompanied by a change in the configuration of the methyl group at C‐4 that was confirmed by x‐ray diffraction method. On the other hand, 3,2‐indole 5 was synthesized under the influence of strong acid catalyst (using phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in AcOH acid or phenylhydrazine in MeOH with a few drops of HCl).
Association between human herpesvirus 8 and lipid profile in northwest China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Jingzhan , Wang Peng , Li Tingting , Liu Weidong , Shi Tian , Wang Man , Kong Wenjie , Huang Xiaoling , Aihemaijiang Kuerbanjiang , Ding Yuan , Gao Feng , Kang Xiaojing
Published: August 2024

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) infection shows obvious regional and ethnic differences. Although studies have shown that these differences may be associated with lipid metabolism, to date, no large‐scale studies have explored this. This study explored the seropositivity rate of HHV‐8 among 2516 residents from 10 regions of northwest China and then the correlates of HHV‐8 infection with lipid profile. The HHV‐8 serological positivity rate was 15.6% among all residents. The HHV‐8 seroprevalence ranged 11.2–27.6% among different ethnicities. Across different BMI levels, the positive rates of HHV‐8 were 27.6%, 16.9%, and 13.6% for a BMI < 18.5, 18.5–24.9, and ≥25, respectively. HHV‐8 seropositivity rate was lower for hypertensive people (12.6%) than for non‐hypertensive people (16.7%). Univariate logistic regression analyses revealed that age, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, BMI, total cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) significantly correlated with HHV‐8 seropositivity (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors showed that HDL‐C (odds ratio [OR]: 0.132, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.082–0.212; p < 0.001) and BMI (OR: 0.959, 95% CI 0.933–0.986; p = 0.003) were associated with HHV‐8 seropositivity. Subgroup analyses concerning ethnicity, sex, or age demonstrated a consistent relationship with HDL‐C. The results of HHV‐8 seropositivity and BMI were inconsistent in the subgroups. However, Spearman's correlation analysis between HHV‐8 serum antibody titer and HDL‐C levels showed no linear relationship among HHV‐8 seropositive individuals (ρ = −0.080, p = 0.058). HHV‐8 serum antibody titers were also not significantly correlated with BMI (ρ = −0.015, p = 0.381). Low HDL‐C levels may be an independent risk factor for HHV‐8 infection, but there is no significant correlation between HDL‐C levels and HHV‐8 antibody titers.
July–August minimum temperature variability encoded in latewood blue intensity in southeastern China
Authors: Peng Kunyu , Zhou Feifei , Dong Zhipeng , Bai Maowei , Zheng Zhuangpeng , Fang Keyan
Published: August 2024

Tree‐ring blue intensity (BI) is well known as a relatively new proxy, which has been utilized for temperature reconstructions over some regions of the worldwide, and has great research potential. In this study, based on tree‐ring data from Pinus massoniana in northwestern Wuyi Mountains in southeastern China, we established a series of tree‐ring width (TRW), earlywood BI (EWBI), latewood BI (LWBI) and delta BI (ΔBI) chronologies. The correlation analysis results indicated that BI chronologies are better than TRW chronology in relation to climate factors; EWBI chronology is a positive correlation with three temperatures (Tmean, Tmax and Tmin), whereas ΔBI and LWBI chronologies almost are negative correlations with temperatures. The LWBI chronology exhibited the highest correlation in July–August Tmin during 1955–2021 (r = −0.61, p < 0.01) and for the reconstruction. The reconstruction model could explain 36.64% of the observed variance. The reconstructed series spanned from 1843 to 2021 and documented three warm periods (1843–1863, 1874–1888 and 1992–2021) and one cold period (1911–1991), and Tmin rapidly warming since 1950s, which is similar to variation in the surrounding temperature reconstruction and is also consistent with the rate of global warming published by the IPCC. The result shows that the summer Tmin anomaly in southeast China is related significantly to the quasi‐biennial oscillation in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean.
Penicillin concentrations in bone and subcutaneous tissue: A porcine microdialysis study comparing oral and intravenous treatment
Authors: Rasmussen Hans Christian , Hanberg Pelle , Lilleøre Johanne G. , Petersen Elisabeth K. , Hvistendahl Magnus A. , Jørgensen Andrea R. , Stilling Maiken , Bue Mats
Published: August 2024

Penicillin is available in both an oral (penicillin V) and intravenous formulation (penicillin G), theoretically allowing for a safe transition between the two. However, the use of oral penicillin remains a topic of debate due to low and variable bioavailability. This study aimed to assess the time for which the free penicillin concentration exceeded targeted minimum inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L) in cancellous bone and subcutaneous tissue after intravenous penicillin and oral penicillin administration. 12 female pigs (68–75 kg) were assigned, according to local standard clinical regimes, to either intravenous penicillin (1.2 g) or oral penicillin (0.8 g) treatment every 6 h over an 18 h period. Microdialysis catheters were placed for sampling in tibial cancellous bone and adjacent subcutaneous tissue. Data was dynamic/continually collected in the first dosing interval (0–6 h), simulating a prophylactic situation, and the third dosing interval (12–18 h), simulating a therapeutic setting. Plasma samples were collected for reference. For all investigated targets, intravenous treatment resulted in a longer mean time above relevant minimum inhibitory concentrations in cancellous bone during the first dosing interval, and in both cancellous bone and subcutaneous tissue during the third dosing interval compared to oral treatment. With clinically relevant dosing, intravenous penicillin provides superior exposure compared to oral penicillin in both a prophylactic and therapeutic setting.
Assessing critical plant sulfur concentration and nitrogen to sulfur ratio in spring canola production
Authors: Ma Bao‐Luo , Herath Aruna , Smith Donald L.
Published: August 2024

Aims

Plant S concentration (Sc) and nitrogen (N) to S ratio (N:S) in canola are important indicators for diagnosing S deficiency. A field study was conducted on sandy and clay loam soils at two sites in eastern Canada for three growing seasons to determine plant critical Sc and N:S ratios across various growth stages (GSs).

Methods

For each site year, factorial experiments consisting of combinations of four N levels (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg N ha–1) as urea (46–0–0) and four S levels (0, 20, 30, and 40 kg S ha–1) as potassium sulfate (0–0–50–18) were classified orthogonally to form 16 combinations. Muriate of potash (0–0–60) was also applied as needed to ensure all plots receiving the equal amount of potassium (K).

Results

Our study found that S fertilization increased plant Sc at each GS but reduced the whole‐plant N:S ratio, and the effect was stronger during the flowering stage. Both whole‐plant Sc and N:S ratios varied with GS, environment, and soil type and declined with plant aging. Our results showed that whole‐plant S analysis combined with visual signs of plant S deficiency (purple‐edged and cup‐shaped leaves with less green; stunted growth, slow blooming, and fewer flowers) appeared to be the best way to identify S problems in the field, and whole‐plant Sc and N:S ratios could confirm S deficiencies.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated that if the whole‐plant Sc in the rosette stage is <0.35% and the N:S ratio is >9.6, the plant may be S‐deficient, and timely supplementary S fertilization measures may be beneficial to canola crop yield.
W/O/W Pickering emulsions stabilized by complex modified phycocyanin
Authors: Tian Hongye , Zhang Zhong , Li Wenjun , Sun Xiaolin , Yuan Li , Yang Xingbin
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

A water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double emulsion can simultaneously load hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances due to its unique two‐membrane, three‐phase structure. However, thermodynamic instability greatly limits the application of double emulsions in food processing. Further development of Pickering emulsions based on proteins, etc., can improve the stability and loading capacity. It is of great significance to promote their practical application.

RESULTS

Herein, we prepared ultrasound pretreatment complex glycation‐modified phycocyanin (UMPC) to stabilize a W/O/W Pickering emulsion for the codelivery of vitamin B12 (VB12) and vitamin E (VE). First, an inner water phase and oil phase containing polyglycerin polyricinoleate were homogenized to prepare a W/O emulsion. Subsequently, the W/O emulsion was homogenized with an outer water phase containing UMPC to obtain a W/O/W Pickering emulsion. A gel‐like inner phase emulsion with excellent storage and thermal stabilities was obtained under the condition that the W/O emulsion volume ratio was 80% and the UMPC was stabilized by 10 g kg−1. The double emulsion after loading VB12 and VE showed good encapsulation effect during the storage period, the encapsulation rate could reach more than 90%, it also showed excellent protection effect under long‐time storage and UV irradiation and the retention rate increased by more than 65%. In addition, the bioavailability of VB12 and VE significantly increased during simulated gastrointestinal digestion and reached 46.02% and 52.43%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that the UMPC‐stabilized W/O/W Pickering emulsion is an effective carrier for the codelivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive molecules and also provides a means for useful exploration of an efficient and stable emulsion system stabilized by biological macromolecules. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The variation of acrylamide and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural in tea with different roasting degrees and the effects of tea polyphenols on their formation
Authors: Wang Lu , Wen Mingchun , Zhou Yu , Zhang Liang
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Roasting is an essential step in making roasted teas, and its role in producing flavors has been widely studied. However, the variation of potential hazardous compounds during the tea roasting process is still vague. The present study established an effective method based on liquid chromatography‐triple quadrupole‐tandem mass spectrometry to simultaneously determine the variation of acrylamide (AA), 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF), and free amino acids during the tea roasting process. Meanwhile, the effects of several tea polyphenols on the formation of AA and 5‐HMF were investigated by a wet‐to‐dry thermal model reaction.

RESULTS

Medium‐temperature roasted teas had the highest levels of AA and 5‐HMF, with ranges of 0.13–0.15 μg g−1 and 68.72–123.98 μg g−1, respectively. Quantitative results showed that the levels of monosaccharides and amino acids decreased during roasting, which might contribute to the formation of 5‐HMF and AA. Meanwhile, the decrease of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), and epicatechin (EC) might be related to their inhibitory effects on 5‐HMF and AA. Thermal model reaction results showed that EGCG and EC significantly inhibited 5‐HMF formation with a decline rate of 33.33% and 72.22%, respectively, mainly by trapping glucose. Gallic acid (GA) also had an inhibitory effect on the formation of AA (decreased by 92.86%) and 5‐HMF (44.44%), mainly through impeding the preliminary reaction of asparagine and glucose.

CONCLUSION

The roasting temperature determined the levels of AA and 5‐HMF in teas. Catechins inhibited the formation of 5‐HMF and AA mostly through trapping monosaccharides, while the inhibitory effect of GA was achieved by impeding the reaction. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cryopreserving the intact intervertebral disc without compromising viability
Authors: Shalash Ward , Forcier Ryan , Higgins Adam Z. , Giers Morgan B.
Published: August 2024

Background

Tissue cryopreservation requires saturation of the structure with cryoprotectants (CPAs) that are also toxic to cells within a short timeframe unless frozen. The race between CPA delivery and cell death is the main barrier to realizing transplantation banks that can indefinitely preserve tissues and organs. Unrealistic cost and urgency leaves less life‐threatening ailments unable to capitalize on traditional organ transplantation systems that immediately match and transport unfrozen organs. For instance, human intervertebral discs (IVD) could be transplanted to treat back pain or used as ex vivo models for studying regenerative therapies, but both face logistical hurdles in organ acquisition and transport. Here we aimed to overcome those challenges by cryopreserving intact IVDs using compressive loading and swelling to accelerate CPA delivery.

Methods

CPAs were tested on bovine nucleus pulposus cells to determine the least cytotoxic solution. Capitalizing on our CPAs Computed Tomography (CT) contrast enhancement, we imaged and quantified saturation time in intact bovine IVDs under different conditions in a bioreactor. Finally, the entire protocol was tested, including 1 week of frozen storage, to confirm tissue viability in multiple IVD regions after thawing.

Results

Results showed cryopreserving medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol gave over 7.5 h before cytotoxicity. While non‐loaded IVDs required over 3 days to fully saturate, a dynamic loading protocol followed by CPA addition and free‐swelling decreased saturation time to <5 h. After cryopreserving IVDs for 1 week with the optimized CPA and permeation method, all IVD regions had 85% cell viability, not significantly different from fresh unfrozen controls.

Conclusions

This study created a novel solution to a roadblock in IVD research and development. Using post‐compression swelling CPA can be delivered to an intact IVD over 20× more quickly than previous methods, enabling cryopreservation of the IVD with no detectable loss in cell viability.
Too many barriers to overcome? Career challenges of women in the UK hospitality industry
Authors: Kokkranikal Jithendran , Calinaud Valentine , Baum Tom
Published: August 2024

Women face numerous challenges in building a successful career. The hospitality industry exemplifies workplaces where women find progressing careers to senior management very challenging. This paper explores barriers to women's career progression in the hospitality industry in the United Kingdom (UK). The study analyses the views of women in management positions in the UK hospitality industry on challenges they face in career progression. The findings indicate that women face numerous barriers in their career paths, and these include gender bias, microaggressions, work‐life balance issues, lack of gender diversity, inflexibility, and mentoring.
A systematic review of city break travel in tourism
Authors: Hu Mengyun , Pantano Eleonora , Stylos Nikolaos
Published: August 2024

Despite the growing body of research on urban tourism in the field of tourism and hospitality, only a limited number of studies have delved into the role of city breaks in tourism and analyzed the tourist experience in city break travel. The primary objective of this study is to identify and conceptualize city break tourism and provide guidance for contemporary analyses of city break travel experiences. Specifically, this study aims to: (1) identify the characteristics of city break travel and develop a conceptual framework for city break tourism based on these features; (2) explore the factors influencing city break tourist experiences. To achieve these goals, a systematic review of city breaks has been conducted in the tourism and hospitality sectors to gain a comprehensive understanding of city break tourism. The study contributes both theoretically and practically to the field.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for degenerative meniscal tears results in a decreased T2 relaxation time and pain relief: An exploratory randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hashimoto Shogo , Ohsawa Takashi , Omae Hiroaki , Oshima Atsufumi , Takase Ryota , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The optimal management of degenerative meniscal tears remains controversial. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to promote tissue repair in both preclinical and clinical studies; however, its effect on degenerative meniscal tears remains unknown. This study aimed to examine whether ESWT improves meniscal degeneration.

Methods

This randomized trial was conducted between 2020 and 2022 and involved patients with degenerative medial meniscal tears. Patients were allocated to receive either focused ESWT (0.25 mJ/mm2, 2000 impulses, 3 sessions with a 1‐week interval) or sham treatment. Patients were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before treatment and at 12 months after treatment. The primary endpoint was improvement in meniscal degeneration, as assessed by the change in T2 relaxation time from baseline on MRI T2 mapping. Knee pain and clinical outcomes were also examined at the same time.

Results

Of 29 randomized patients, 27 patients (mean age 63.9 ± 8.7 years; females 37%; ESWT group 14 patients; control group 13 patients) were included in the final analysis. At 12 months postintervention, patients in the ESWT group showed a greater decrease in the T2 relaxation time (ESWT group −2.9 ± 1.7 ms vs. control group 1.0 ± 1.9 ms; p < 0.001) and had less knee pain (p = 0.04). The clinical outcomes at 12 months post‐treatment were not statistically significant. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusion

ESWT decreased the T2 relaxation time in the meniscus at 12 months post‐treatment. ESWT also provided pain relief, but no differences were observed in clinical outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Level II.
High long‐term failure rates after arthroscopic Bankart repair in younger patients with recurrent shoulder dislocations: A plea for early treatment
Authors: Delgado Cristina , Calvo Elena , Martínez‐Catalán Natalia , Valencia Maria , Luengo‐Alonso Gonzalo , Calvo Emilio
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To determine arthroscopic Bankart repair outcomes and recurrence risk factors at a minimum 5‐year follow‐up.

Methods

Retrospective assessment of prospectively collected data, single‐cohort study of patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with a minimum 5‐year follow‐up. Demographical and preoperative instability features were collected. Primary outcome was recurrent instability set as dislocation or subluxation. Secondary outcomes were revision surgery, postoperative instability degree according to Manta criteria, objective and subjective clinical and functional status, assessed by the Rowe, Western Ontario Shoulder Index (WOSI) and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) scores. Return to sport and postoperative sports activity at the final follow‐up were also recorded.

Results

One‐hundred and seventy‐two patients, 82% men, average age at surgery 29.5 ± 9.2 years, were included. At a mean follow‐up of 8.3 ± 2.6 years, recurrent instability occurred in 53 of 172 patients (30.8%). Revision surgery was required in 23/53 (43.4%) of shoulder with recurrent instability. Recurrence occurred within the first 2 years postoperative in 49% of the shoulders, whereas 51% of recurrences occurred after this period. Recurrence took place after a traumatic event in 25% and 56%, respectively. Recurrence rates were higher in patients who underwent surgery after two or more dislocations (p = 0.029). Patients younger at the time of first dislocation, younger at surgery and those with a higher preoperative degree of instability also showed significantly higher rates of recurrence (p = 0.04, p = 0.02, p = 0.03). Postoperative ROWE, WOSI and SSV scores were significantly worse in patients with recurrent instability (p < 0.001). Return‐to‐sports rate was also lower in patients with postoperative recurrence (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The arthroscopic Bankart repair was associated with a high long‐term recurrence rate, and its effectiveness decreased over time. The lowest recurrence rates in arthroscopic Bankart repair were achieved in older patients with only one prior instability episode and a lower instability degree.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Kinematic alignment adequately restores trochlear anatomy, patellar kinematics and kinetics in total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review
Authors: Ollivier Britt , Luyckx Thomas , Stragier Bruno , Vandenneucker Hilde
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Patellofemoral pain, maltracking and instability remain common and challenging complications after total knee arthroplasty. Controversy exists regarding the effect of kinematic alignment on the patellofemoral joint, as it generally leads to more femoral component valgus and internal rotation compared to mechanical alignment. The aim of this systematic review is to thoroughly examine the influence of kinematic alignment on the third space.

Methods

A systematic search of the Pubmed, Cochrane and Web of Science databases was performed to screen for relevant articles published before 7 April 2024. This led to the final inclusion of 42 articles: 2 cadaveric, 9 radiographic, 12 computer simulation and 19 clinical studies. The risk of bias was evaluated with the risk of bias in non‐randomised studies ‐ of interventions tool as the lowest level of evidence of the included clinical studies was IV. The effects of kinematic alignment on patellar kinematics and kinetics, trochlear anatomy reconstruction and patellofemoral complication rate were investigated.

Results

Kinematic alignment closely restores native patellar kinematics and kinetics, better reproduces native trochlear anatomy than mechanical alignment and leads to a 0%–11.4% incidence of patellofemoral complications. A more valgus joint line of the distal femur can cause lateral trochlear undercoverage and a trochlear angle orientation medial to the quadriceps vector when applying kinematic alignment, both of which can be solved by using an adjusted design with a 20.5° valgus trochlea.

Conclusion

Kinematic alignment appears to be a safe strategy for the patellofemoral joint in most knees, provided that certain precautions are taken to minimize the risk of complications.

Level of Evidence

Level IV clinical studies, in vitro research.
Patients undergoing multiligament knee reconstruction injured during pivoting sports demonstrate similar clinical, functional and return to sport outcomes by 2 years compared with those undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Edwards Peter K. , Mayne Alistair I. W. , Davies Peter S. E. , Evans Robert , Aujla Randeep S. , Malik Shahbaz S. , Dalgleish Stephen , Gohil Satyen , D'Alessandro Peter
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the clinical and activity‐based outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) versus multiligamentous knee reconstruction (MLKR) following a pivoting sports injury.

Methods

Fifty MLKR patients were included, of which 20 (40%) were injured during pivoting sports. A further 50 patients undergoing ACLR following an injury during pivoting sports were consecutively recruited for comparison. Patients were assessed before the surgery and at 6‐, 12‐ and 24 months with patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form, Tegner activity scale (TAS) and anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury (ACL‐RSI) score. Knee movement, the single (SHD) and triple (THD) hop tests for distance, and peak isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength were assessed, with Limb Symmetry Indices (LSIs) calculated. Outcomes were compared across groups: (1) ACLR (n = 50), (2) MLKR (n = 50) and (3) MLKR due to pivoting sport injury (n = 20).

Results

IKDC, TAS and ACL‐RSI scores remained lower (p < 0.05) in the full MLKR versus ACLR cohort at all timepoints. Comparing the ACLR and MLKR cohort that had injuries specifically during pivoting sports, the IKDC (p < 0.001) and TAS (p = 0.009) were higher in the ACLR group at 6 months, and the ACL‐RSI was higher at 6 (p < 0.001) and 12 (p = 0.007) months, there were no further differences. Hop and knee extensor strength LSIs were lower (p < 0.05) in the full MLKR (versus ACLR) cohort at all timepoints (apart from the 24‐month SHD LSI). However, the ACLR group only demonstrated greater LSIs than the pivoting sport MLKR for the SHD at 6 months (p < 0.001), and knee extensor strength at 6 (p < 0.001) and 12 (p < 0.001) months.

Conclusions

While the recovery of patients undergoing MLKR due to a pivoting sports injury is delayed compared with their ACLR counterparts, the clinical outcome and activity profile are similar by 24 months.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Tripartite Quantum Entanglement with Squeezed Optomechanics
Authors: Jiao Ya‐Feng , Zuo Yun‐Lan , Wang Yan , Lu Wangjun , Liao Jie‐Qiao , Kuang Le‐Man , Jing Hui
Published: August 2024

The ability to engineer entangled states that involve macroscopic objects is of particular importance for a wide variety of quantum‐enabled technologies, ranging from quantum information processing to quantum sensing. Here how to achieve coherent manipulation and enhancement of quantum entanglement in a hybrid optomechanical system, which consists of a Fabry–Pérot cavity with two movable mirrors, an optical parametric amplifier (OPA), and an injected squeezed vacuum reservoir is proposed. It is shown that the advantages of this system are twofold: 1) one can effectively regulate the light‐mirror interactions by introducing a squeezed intracavity mode via the OPA; 2) when properly matching the squeezing parameters between the squeezed cavity mode and the injected squeezed vacuum reservoir, the optical input noises can be suppressed completely. These peculiar features of this system allow the generation and manipulation of quantum entanglement in a coherent and controllable way. More importantly, it is also found that such controllable entanglement, under some specific squeezing parameters, can be considerably enhanced in comparison with those of the conventional optomechanical system. The work, providing a promising method to regulate and tailor the light‐mirror interaction, is poised to serve as a useful tool for engineering various quantum effects which are based on cavity optomechanics.
Design of Biopolymer‐Coated Gold Nanorods as Biorelevant Photothermal Agents
Authors: Zengin Yağmur , Kelle Damla , Iyisan Banu
Published: August 2024

Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are emerging metallic nanoparticles utilized to generate heat for photothermal therapy (PTT) in cancer. The tunable plasmonic properties of AuNRs make them a remarkable candidate for hyperthermia. However, the cytotoxicity of AuNRs limits its biological applicability due to the existence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on the surface as a common surfactant. In this study, AuNRs are synthesized by seed‐mediated growth and then the optical properties are optimized by altering AgNO3 concentration. Afterward, CTAB is replaced with biopolymers which are BSA:Dextran and BSA:Guar Gum conjugates resulting in enhanced cellular viability, enabling to use of them as biologically relevant photothermal agents. The biocompatibility of AuNRs is improved to utilize them at high concentrations for laser studies, in which similar heat generation success of CTAB‐ and biopolymer‐coated AuNRs are shown for potential PTT applications. CTAB and biopolymer‐coated AuNRs in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg mL−1 are irradiated under NIR light at 808 nm laser at 0.5, 0.75, and 1 W cm−2 for 300 s. The biopolymer‐coated gold nanorods with different coatings preserve photothermal properties while reducing the cytotoxicity effects of CTAB and thus they are promising photothermal agents for potential PTT.
Protein modification in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Ramazi Shahin , Dadzadi Maedeh , Darvazi Mona , Seddigh Nasrin , Allahverdi Abdollah
Published: August 2024

Posttranslational modifications play a crucial role in governing cellular functions and protein behavior. Researchers have implicated dysregulated posttranslational modifications in protein misfolding, which results in cytotoxicity, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease. These aberrant posttranslational modifications cause proteins to gather in certain parts of the brain that are linked to the development of the diseases. This leads to neuronal dysfunction and the start of neurodegenerative disease symptoms. Cognitive decline and neurological impairments commonly manifest in neurodegenerative disease patients, underscoring the urgency of comprehending the posttranslational modifications’ impact on protein function for targeted therapeutic interventions. This review elucidates the critical link between neurodegenerative diseases and specific posttranslational modifications, focusing on Tau, APP, α‐synuclein, Huntingtin protein, Parkin, DJ‐1, and Drp1. By delineating the prominent aberrant posttranslational modifications within Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease, the review underscores the significance of understanding the interplay among these modifications. Emphasizing 10 key abnormal posttranslational modifications, this study aims to provide a comprehensive framework for investigating neurodegenerative diseases holistically. The insights presented herein shed light on potential therapeutic avenues aimed at modulating posttranslational modifications to mitigate protein aggregation and retard neurodegenerative disease progression.
A clinically used anti‐human papilloma virus agent (3‐hydroxyphthalic anhydride‐modified bovine β‐lactoglobulin) has a potential for topical application to prevent sexual transmission of monkeypox virus
Authors: Sha Yi'ou , Huang Baoying , Hua Chen , Zhu Yun , Tai Wanbo , Sun Jiewei , Li Yixin , Xia Anqi , Wang Qiao , Lu Lu , Tan Wenjie , Jiang Shibo
Published: August 2024

A global outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) caused by the mpox virus (MPXV) has posed a serious threat to public health worldwide, thus calling for the urgent development of antivirals and vaccines to curb its further spread. In this study, we screened 41 anhydride‐modified proteins and found that 3‐hydroxyphthalic anhydride‐modified β‐lactoglobulin (3HP‐β‐LG), a clinically used anti‐HPV agent, was highly effective in inhibiting infection of vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VACV‐VTT) and MPXV. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that 3HP‐β‐LG bound to the virus, not the host cell, by targeting the early stage of virus entry, possibly through the interaction between the amino acids with negatively charges in 3HP‐β‐LG and the key amino acids with positive charges in the target region of A29L, a key surface protein of MPXV. A synergistic effect was observed when 3HP‐β‐LG was combined with tecovirimat, a small‐molecule antiviral drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicine Agency for the treatment of smallpox and mpox. Because of its clinically proven safety and stability, 3HP‐β‐LG shows promise for further development as a prophylactic agent to prevent the sexual transmission of MPXV.
Collection channel selection strategy for a supply chain considering incomplete remanufacturing and shared environmental responsibility
Authors: Yang Deyan , Shi Jing , Xiao Tiaojun
Published: August 2024

This article investigates a closed‐loop supply chain where the manufacturer and the retailer share corporate environmental responsibility regarding the environmental impact caused by non‐collected used products. To model the interactions between the two players, game theoretical models are established. The results show that (1) when the manufacturer's environmental responsibility is high, the follower‐managed collection is better than the leader‐managed collection. (2) The collection rate rises if the membership with high corporate environmental responsibility leads the channel or manages the collection. (3) Unless the manufacturer or consumers' environmental responsibility is sufficiently high, the retail price is higher in retailer‐managed collection than manufacturer‐managed collection.
Time to Functional Loss as an Endpoint in Huntington's Disease Trials: Enrichment and Sample Size
Authors: Mills James A. , Long Jeffrey D. , Vaidya Jatin G. , Gantman Emily C. , Sathe Swati , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Sampaio Cristina
Published: August 2024

Background

Clinical trial scenarios can be modeled using data from observational studies, providing critical information for design of real‐world trials. The Huntington's Disease Integrated Staging System (HD‐ISS) characterizes disease progression over an individual's lifespan and allows for flexibility in the design of trials with the goal of delaying progression. Enrichment methods can be applied to the HD‐ISS to identify subgroups requiring smaller estimated sample sizes.

Objective

Investigate time to the event of functional decline (HD‐ISS Stage 3) as an endpoint for trials in HD and present sample size estimates after enrichment.

Methods

We classified individuals from observational studies according to the HD‐ISS. We assessed the ability of the prognostic index normed (PIN) and its components to predict time to HD‐ISS Stage 3. For enrichment, we formed groups from deciles of the baseline PIN distribution for HD‐ISS Stage 2 participants. We selected enrichment subgroups closer to Stage 3 transition and estimated sample sizes, using delay in the transition time as the effect size.

Results

In predicting time to HD‐ISS Stage 3, PIN outperforms its components. Survival curves for each PIN decile show that groups with PIN from 1.48 to 2.74 have median time to Stage 3 of approximately 2 years and these are combined to create enrichment subgroups. Sample size estimates are presented by enrichment subgroup.

Conclusions

PIN is predictive of functional decline. A delay of 9 months or more in the transition to Stage 3 for an enriched sample yields feasible sample size estimates, demonstrating that this approach can aid in planning future trials. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Developmental epileptic encephalopathy caused by homozygosity of a c.172+1G>C variant in the WWOX gene
Authors: You Yang , Wu Wenjuan , Du Yakun , Hu Jintong , Li Baoguang
Published: August 2024

Background

Variations in the WWOX gene have been identified as the leading cause of several central nervous system disorders. However, most previous reports have focused on the description of clinical phenotype, neglecting functional verification. Herein, we presented a case of a patient with developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) caused by WWOX gene variation.

Case Presentation

Our patient was a 13‐month‐old girl with abnormal facial features, including facial hypotonia, arched eyebrows, a broad nose, and a depressed nasal bridge. She also had sparse and yellow hair, a low anterior hairline, and a short neck. Before the age of 8 months, she was suffering from mild seizures. Her developmental delay gradually worsened, and she suffered infantile spasms. After treatment with vigabatrin, seizures subsided. WWOX gene homozygous variation c.172+1G>C was identified using whole exome sequencing. Further minigene assay confirmed that the variation site affected splicing, causing protein truncation and affecting its function.

Conclusion

Clinical phenotype and minigene results suggest that WWOX gene homozygous variation c.172+1G>C can cause severe DEE. We also concluded that vigabatrin can effectively treat seizures.
Fractional Newton‐type integral inequalities by means of various function classes
Authors: Hezenci Fatih , Budak Hüseyin
Published: August 2024

The authors of the paper present a method to examine some Newton‐type inequalities for various function classes using Riemann‐Liouville fractional integrals. Namely, some fractional Newton‐type inequalities are established by using convex functions. In addition, several fractional Newton‐type inequalities are proved by using bounded functions by fractional integrals. Moreover, we construct some fractional Newton‐type inequalities for Lipschitzian functions. Furthermore, several Newton‐type inequalities are acquired by fractional integrals of bounded variation. Finally, we provide our results by using special cases of obtained theorems and examples.
Neural network models based on clinical characteristics for predicting immunotherapy efficacy in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Zhaoxin , Lu Mingjun , Lu Zhendong , Fu Siyun , Wu Yuhua , Tao Hong , Shi Liang , Ma Teng , Wang Jinghui
Published: August 2024

Background

Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has been approved as first‐line therapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) due to the survival benefit in randomized controlled trials. However, predicting its efficacy remains a challenge in the absence of currently available biomarkers.

Methods

A total of 140 individuals with SCLC who received immunotherapy were evaluated retrospectively. These patients were split into two distinct cohorts, the discovery cohort (80% of the total, n = 112) and the validation cohort (20% of the total, n = 28). The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and responder (progression‐free survival [PFS] > 6 months) were all predicted using neural networks.

Results

We developed predictive models for three clinical outcomes. ORR scored 0.8964 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the discovery cohort and 0.8421 AUC in the validation cohort. DCR model had AUC of 0.8618 in the discovery cohort and AUC of 0.7396 in the validation cohort. The responder model had AUC of 0.8116 in the discovery cohort and AUC of 0.7041 in the validation cohort. The models were then compressed into a doctor‐friendly tool.

Conclusion

These neural network‐based models, which are based on routine clinical characteristics, accurately predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with SCLC, particularly in terms of ORR.