bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I, YOU, AND WE IN SERBIAN EFL ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING FROM THE ESSAY TITLE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Marković Jelena
Published: February 2022

Frequent personal pronoun use, mainly treated as involvement feature overuse, is a commonplace in EFL argumentative writing. This article explores whether the first and second person pronoun use in the Serbian component of ICLE v3 may have been prompted by the essay title factor. Therefore the selected essay titles were assessed according to the two criteria: the presence/absence of first and second person pronouns, and their different uses as regards personal involvement, i.e. personal (specific), or generic (non-referential) uses. The results of the analysis show that the pronoun use has been enhanced by the essay titles at least up to some extent. Moreover, student writers used the pronouns in their personal meanings more readily if such a model was offered in the essay title. The implication is that student writers should not only be advised to avoid personal pronoun use in EFL writing; they should be supported in becoming aware of the options of expressing their identity, which will lead to adapting their linguistic choices to genre requirements more successfully.
Neoadjuvant anti PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in locally advanced gastric cancer with microsatellite instability
Authors: Navmatulya A.Y. , Chubenko V.A. , Savchuk S.A. , Almukhametova F.R. , Tsuprun P.Y. , Zykov Е.М. , Moiseenko V.M. , Kuznetsov A.I. , Inusilaev G.S. , Heinstein V.A. , Shelekhova K.V.
Published: February 2022

Gastric cancer is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of the digestive system. These tumors are genetically heterogeneous,and they could be subdivided into four groups. One of such groups, microsatellite instable (MSI) gastric cancer, is of interest considering prognosis and response to therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors present a perspective strategy in treating these tumors, however, there is currently insufficient data on their use in microsatellite instable gastric cancer. Aim of this study was to evaluate objective response to neoadjuvant checkpoint inhibitors treatment in patients with MSI gastric cancer. Eleven patients were enrolled. They received Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab (investigator choice) in a neoadjuvant setting. Objective response was registered in 9 (81,8%) patients, two patients had stabilization. Nine patients (81,8%) underwent radical surgery. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was registered in 3 (33,3%). Postoperative complications were tracked and registered in accordance with Clavien-Dindo classification: grade 1 – 2 patients, grade 2 – 2 patients, grade 3 – 1 patient.
THE ROLE OF STEREOTAXIC BODY RADIOTHERAPY (SBRT) IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DISTANT METASTASES
Authors: Dengina N.V.
Published: February 2022

Current approaches to the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant tumors have changed significantly over the past decade. Instead of a purely palliative systemic or just supportive therapy, a large proportion of patients receive an aggressive local treatment directed not only to the primary tumor, but also to metastatic foci, and a number of studies demonstrate the advantage of such approach. This review provides information on the role of radiation therapy as a local method of treatment of metastatic cancer patients.
ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS AFTER VARIOUS TYPES OF SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS
Authors: Monogarova М.А. , Bit-Sava Е.М. , Kurbanova М.G. , Damenia А.О. , Moiseenko V.M.
Published: February 2022

Performing immediate reconstructive plastic surgery, regardless of the type of reconstruction, reduces the level of anxiety in its various manifestations, anxiety disorders, depression, improves the quality of life and increases the level of aesthetic satisfaction of the patient with the results of surgical treatment.
La realidad aumentada en la televisión española: el caso de Antena 3 Noticias
Authors: Herrero de la Fuente Mercedes , Jiménez Narros Carlos
Published: February 2022

La realidad aumentada (RA) se revela como un recurso cada vez más utilizado para transmitir la actualidad informativa. Los principales operadores de televisión en España experimentan ya con esta herramienta, siendo llamativo el caso de la cadena Antena 3, que desde 2018 la incorpora de forma habitual a sus informativos. Esta investigación analiza el empleo de esta técnica a partir de un significativo corpus de noticias relatadas con apoyo de la realidad aumentada desde el propio plató. El método establece un patrón formal basado en el diseño ad hoc de una matriz sobre la que se ha sistematizado una primera clasificación de estas piezas. Un elemento clave para su interpretación son las entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a un grupo de expertos y a profesionales de diferentes departamentos de Antena 3. Los resultados muestran que predominan los elementos estáticos frente a los envolventes y móviles. Se observa una función estética que –en muchos casos unida a la informativa– contribuye a una exposición más clara de la información. El presentador interactúa con la realidad aumentada, de manera limitada. Antena 3 Noticias apuesta por la incorporación de la RA como narrativa informativa y aporta así un aspecto diferencial a su imagen de marca.
Periodismo y Literatura [Presentación del monográfico]
Authors: Parratt Fernández Sonia , Mera Fernández Montse , Meneses Juan Pablo , Vidal Castell David
Published: February 2022

Aunque el periodismo y la literatura comparten una larga y compleja historia, tuvieron que pasar bastantes años hasta que las relaciones entre ambas fueran consideradas objeto de estudio académico. Ya a finales del siglo XIX se practicaba en distintos países lo que más adelante se conocería como periodismo literario. Desde entonces y hasta la actualidad esas relaciones no han estado exentas de polémica. Pero también han sido y son enriquecedoras para ambas disciplinas y han dado lugar a una amplia diversidad de textos. Estos van desde las primeras crónicas hasta las nuevas narrativas de la era digital que, especialmente tras la pandemia de la Covid-19, están proliferando gracias a las nuevas tecnologías. El monográfico que se propone acepta todo tipo de propuestas que aborden la interacción entre el periodismo y la literatura, tanto desde enfoques diacrónicos como interdisciplinares o novedosos.
Associations Between Cerebral Vasoreactivity and Cognitive Function in the Middle-Aged Non-Demented Population
Authors: Chen Wan-Ting , Chi Nai-Fang , Cheng Hao-Min , Ko Yu-Ting , Chuang Shao-Yuan , Pan Wen-Harn , Chen Chen-Huan , Chung Chih-Ping , Wang Pei-Ning
Published: February 2022

Background: Increasing evidence shows early vascular dysregulation in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in elderly population. Objective: We wondered about the relationship between vascular health and cognitive performance in middle-aged adults. The present study aims to evaluate whether and which brain vascular hemodynamic parameters are associated with cognitive functions in a middle-aged, non-demented population. Methods: We recruited 490 middle-aged community-based participants (30–60 years). Transcranial color-coded sonography was used to measure cerebral vascular hemodynamics, including mean flow velocity, pulsatility index, and breath-holding index (BHI) in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). Cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A multivariate linear regression model was used to determine the association between the MoCA scores and each intracranial hemodynamic parameter. Results: In 369 participants (median age 52 years [IQR 47–56], 48.8% men) with robust acoustic windows, the factors related to poorer MoCA scores were older age, less education extent, and the habitats of cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption. Multivariate analyses did not show a significant association between any intracranial hemodynamic parameters in both MCAs and MoCA scores in the total study population. Left MCA BHI was found to be significantly and independently correlated with the MoCA scores only in people aged 55–60 years (n = 111, B = 0.70, 95% confidence interval, 0.13–1.26, p = 0.017), however, not in people younger than 55 years. Conclusion: Our results emphasize the role of neurovascular abnormalities in the early pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and suggest cerebral vasoreactivity as the earliest detectable cognition-associated hemodynamic parameter.
Low-Dose Radiation Therapy Reduces Amyloid Load in Young 3xTg-AD Mice
Authors: Ceyzériat Kelly , Tournier Benjamin B. , Millet Philippe , Dipasquale Giovanna , Koutsouvelis Nikolaos , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Garibotto Valentina , Zilli Thomas
Published: February 2022

Background: Low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) has been shown to decrease amyloidosis or inflammation in systemic diseases and has recently been proposed as possible treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A positive effect of LD-RT on tauopathy, the other marker of AD, has also been suggested. These effects have been shown in preclinical studies, but their mechanisms are still not well understood. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate if anti-amyloid and anti-inflammatory effects of LD-RT can be observed at an early stage of the disease. Its impact on tauopathy and behavioral alterations was also investigated. Methods: The whole brain of 12-month-old 3xTg-AD mice was irradiated with 10 Gy in 5 daily fractions of 2 Gy. Mice underwent behavioral tests before and 8 weeks post treatment. Amyloid load, tauopathy, and neuroinflammation were measured using histology and/or ELISA. Results: Compared with wild-type animals, 3xTg-AD mice showed a moderate amyloid and tau pathology restricted to the hippocampus, a glial reactivity restricted to the proximity of amyloid plaques. LD-RT significantly reduced Aβ42 aggregated forms (–71%) in the hippocampus and tended to reduce other forms in the hippocampus and frontal cortex but did not affect tauopathy or cognitive performance. A trend for neuroinflammation markers reduction was also observed. Conclusion: When applied at an early stage, LD-RT reduced amyloid load and possibly neuroinflammation markers, with no impact on tauopathy. The long-term persistence of these beneficial effects of LD-RT should be evaluated in future studies.
Adversarial examples for network intrusion detection systems
Authors: Sheatsley Ryan , Papernot Nicolas , Weisman Michael J. , Verma Gunjan , McDaniel Patrick
Published: February 2022

Machine learning-based network intrusion detection systems have demonstrated state-of-the-art accuracy in flagging malicious traffic. However, machine learning has been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, particularly in domains such as image recognition. In many threat models, the adversary exploits the unconstrained nature of images–the adversary is free to select some arbitrary amount of pixels to perturb. However, it is not clear how these attacks translate to domains such as network intrusion detection as they contain domain constraints, which limit which and how features can be modified by the adversary. In this paper, we explore whether the constrained nature of networks offers additional robustness against adversarial examples versus the unconstrained nature of images. We do this by creating two algorithms: (1) the Adapative-JSMA, an augmented version of the popular JSMA which obeys domain constraints, and (2) the Histogram Sketch Generation which generates adversarial sketches: targeted universal perturbation vectors that encode feature saliency within the envelope of domain constraints. To assess how these algorithms perform, we evaluate them in a constrained network intrusion detection setting and an unconstrained image recognition setting. The results show that our approaches generate misclassification rates in network intrusion detection applications that were comparable to those of image recognition applications (greater than 95%). Our investigation shows that the constrained attack surface exposed by network intrusion detection systems is still sufficiently large to craft successful adversarial examples – and thus, network constraints do not appear to add robustness against adversarial examples. Indeed, even if a defender constrains an adversary to as little as five random features, generating adversarial examples is still possible.
Blockchain-based digital trust mechanism: a use case of cloud manufacturing of LDS syringes for COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Rane Trupti , Huang Jingwei
Published: February 2022

Trust is essential in the digital world. It is a critical task to build digital trust for the ongoing digital engineering transformation. Aiming at developing a blockchain-based digital trust mechanism for Cloud Manufacturing or Manufacturing-as-a-Service (MaaS), in this paper, we use the manufacturing of low dead space (LDS) medical syringes through Cloud Manufacturing as a motivating scenario to develop a basic framework. To meet the need of optimally saving COVID-19 vaccine doses to save more lives, the medical device manufacturing community needs to make a swift move to meet the surged need for LDS syringes. Cloud Manufacturing is a form of emerging Digital Manufacturing facilitated with Cloud/Edge Computing, the Internet of Things, and other digital technologies. Cloud manufacturing allows quickly establishing a digital virtual enterprise that pools together various manufacturing resources worldwide to meet the surged needs of products and save cost and time. Trusting the product quality and safety is a significant challenge when using Cloud Manufacturing to manufacture the products. This paper proposes a schema of blockchain-based digital trust mechanisms with examples of using Cloud Manufacturing of medical LDS syringes for the urgent needs of catering COVID-19 vaccination.
Orthorexia nervosa: The relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and eating attitudes among individuals with and without healthcare professionals
Authors: Demir Halime Pulat , Bayram Hatice Merve
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Today, individuals with eating disorders or orthorexia nervosa (ON) are increasing. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the association between ON, eating attitudes, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms among healthcare and non-healthcare professionals. METHODS: The present study was cross-sectional, and conducted by 310 healthcare, and non-healthcare professionals. Data on demographic characteristics, the Orthorexia Nervosa Evaluation Scale (ORTO-15), the Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40), and the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) were obtained by a questionnaire form. Additionally, the body weight and height of participants were taken to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Data were analyzed with SPSS statistical package 24.0. RESULTS: The ORTO-15 score of 30.3% of healthcare professionals and 27.1% of non-healthcare professionals were ≤40 (p: 0.616). The EAT-40 scores were found to be ≥30 in 7.7% of healthcare professionals and 4.5% of non-healthcare professionals (p: 0.081). According to the MOCI scores, the possibility of obsessive-compulsive symptoms was high in 29.7% of healthcare professionals (p < 0.001). There was a weak negative correlation between ORTO-15 and EAT-40 (r: –0.176, p: 0.002) and MOCI (r: –0.170, p: 0.003); and EAT-40 and MOCI (r:0.166, p: 0.03). CONCLUSION: Further studies are required to understand the relationship between ON and eating disorders that are included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) criteria.
Donald A.B. Lindberg, Pioneer in Biomedical and Health Informatics: His Involvement in Creating Professional Organizations
Authors: van Bemmel Jan H. , Ball Marion J. , Shortliffe Edward H.
Published: February 2022

Among the many contributions of Donald A.B. Lindberg was his work on behalf of a variety or professional organizations in the field of biomedical and health informatics. These began during his early days at the University of Missouri and continued throughout his 30 years at the National Library of Medicine. This chapter summarizes that work, which occurred both through his personal efforts and through the impact of the NLM under his leadership. Examples include his role in the development of organizations themselves (e.g., the International Medical Informatics Association, the American College of Medical Informatics, and the American Medical Informatics Association) and also his contributions to the professional scientific meetings that have advanced the field (e.g., the Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care, MEDINFO, and the AMIA Annual Symposium).
NLM and the IAIMS Initiative: Cross-Institutional Academic/Advanced Systems Contributing to the Evolution of Networked Information and Resources
Authors: Lorenzi Nancy M. , Stead William W.
Published: February 2022

The Integrated Academic/Advanced Information Systems (IAIMS) program began in 1983 and was based on a study by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D. was a member of the AAMC Advisory Committee. The U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) grants for IAIMS were initiated in 1984 the same year Dr. Lindberg became Director of the NLM. This chapter presents an overview of IAIMS and its progression through three stages with Dr. Lindberg’s leadership.
Don Lindberg’s Influence on Future Generations: The U.S. National Library of Medicine’s Biomedical Informatics Research Training Programs
Authors: Greenes Robert A. , Florance Valerie , Miller Randolph A.
Published: February 2022

Through his visionary leadership as Director of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM), Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D. influenced future generations of informatics professionals and the field of biomedical informatics itself. This chapter describes Dr. Lindberg’s role in sponsoring and shaping the NLM’s Institutional T15 training programs.
Are We Making a Difference? Outreach Evaluation in Practice
Authors: Wood Frederick B. , Siegel Elliot R.
Published: February 2022

Donald A.B. Lindberg, M.D., brought with him when he joined NLM an inquisitive mind, tech savvy, and new ideas. He was an early advocate of both outreach and evaluation innovation at NLM. Dr. Lindberg initiated and supported multiple pilot test and implementation projects to strengthen NLM’s health information outreach to healthcare providers, research scientists, health science and hospital librarians, and the general public, including minority and underserved populations. He helped steer NLM’s transition to the Internet, and NLM’s development of a robust framework for evaluating Internet and Web-based health information dissemination and outreach to its many audiences. Dr. Lindberg’s leadership led to numerous landmark accomplishments, including the capacity-building “Measuring the Difference” outreach evaluation Guide, and a multidimensional approach to Internet and website evaluation that placed NLM at the forefront of federal agencies using these new and emerging technologies to support their missions.
NLM’s Library Network: A Force for Outreach
Authors: Shipman Jean P. , Burroughs Catherine M. , Rambo Neil
Published: February 2022

This chapter considers the transformation of U.S. National Library of Medicine’s (NLM) national network of libraries into an effective force for spreading awareness of NLM’s resources, services, and tools and increasing their use. Several examples of network programs and projects are recounted to illustrate the influence of NLM’s longest serving Director, Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D. on the development and evolution of NLM’s library network.
Section Four: Memoirs, Resources, and Insights About Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D.
Authors: Logan Robert A.
Published: February 2022

Section four provides additional insights into Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D.’s life, character, interests, and passions. It includes 20 memoirs, a few of his photographs, a Resource Guide, and an essay about the influence of his home library and leadership traits. Section four’s 20 memoirs are brief, more colloquial, and sometimes personal. The memoirs discuss Dr. Lindberg’s interactions with family, lifelong friends, biomedical informatics colleagues, and U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) peers. The Resource Guide, photos, and essay yield other insights and assist readers who wish to learn more about Dr. Lindberg.
Non-destructive morphological observation of anatomical growth process in Haemaphysalis Longicornis tick specimens using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Lee Junsoo , Wijesinghe Ruchire Eranga , Jeon Mansik , Kim Jeehyun
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Ticks are known as the representatives of hematophagous arachnids. They cause various tick-borne diseases, such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and Lyme disease. To understand the mechanism of virus infection caused by ticks, morphology for the anatomical characteristics of crucial organs has been widely studied in acarological fields. The conventional methods used for tick observation have inevitable limitations. Dissection is the standard method to obtain the morphological information, and complex microscopy methods were utilized alternatively. OBJECTIVE: The study goal is to obtain the morphological information of ticks in different growth stages non-invasively. METHODS: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is employed to acquire structural images of various internal organs without damage for observing the growth process of larva, nymph, and adult in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in real-time. RESULTS: Various internal organs, such as salivary glands, rectal sac, genital aperture, and anus, were well-visualized by the OCT enface and cross-sectional images, and the variation in size of these organs in each growth stage was compared quantitatively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the obtained results, we confirmed the potential feasibility of OCT as a non-destructive real-time tool for morphological studies in acarology. Further research using OCT for acarological applications can include monitoring the growth process of ticks in terms of structural changes and investigating morphological differences between normal and virus-infected tick specimens.
Fisheye lens design for solar-powered mobile ultrasound devices
Authors: Ryu Seonho , Ryu Jaemyung , Choi Hojong
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Compared to benchtop ultrasound machines, mobile ultrasound machines require portable batteries when acquiring information regarding human tissues during outdoor activities. OBJECTIVE: A novel fisheye lens type was designed to address the charging issue where it is difficult to constantly track the sun. This method does not require the use of a mechanical motor that constantly tracks the sun to charge the portable batteries. METHODS: To obtain an optical solar power system, the numerical aperture (NA) and field angle must be increased. Therefore, we use the fisheye lens with the largest field angle. RESULTS: The NA of the designed fisheye lens system reaches 0.75, allowing light collection of approximately ± 48∘. Additionally, the efficiency ratio of the central and surrounding areas also satisfies more than 80% at a field angle of 85∘ and more than 70% at field angles of 85∘ to 90∘, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We designed a novel fisheye lens for solar-powered mobile ultrasound machines used outdoors.
Data mining-based detection of the clinical effect on motion style acupuncture therapy combined with conventional acupuncture therapy in chronic neck pain
Authors: Lyu Ruo-yun , Wen Zong-lin , Tang Wen-chao , Yang Xu-ming , Wen Jun-ling , Wang Bo , Gao Ming
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Neck pain is the most common symptom of cervical spondylosis. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the indications for conventional acupuncture therapy (CAT) and motion style acupuncture therapy (MSAT) combined with CAT in neck pain patients using data mining. METHOD: Seventy-six participants with neck pain were recruited and randomly divided into two paralleled groups. Participants in intervention group received two-course MSAT at Houxi (SI3) and CAT at local neck region, while the control group received CAT at neck only. Take the SF-36 score scale and pain pressure threshold (PPT) values as the raw data and use data-mining to evaluate the clinical effect of two treatments. RESULT: Both groups have the best effect after one-time and one-course treatment. The main factors influencing effect most are Role-Emotional (RE), Physical Functioning (PF) and Social Functioning (SF) in intervention group, while it transfers to General Health (GH), RE and SF in control group. To patients in intervention group who scores 41.70 to 68.70 in PF before treatment, MSAT can effectively improve the restriction of activities and play an analgesic effect; to patients in control group who score 56.09 to 66.09 in GH before treatment, CAT may have curative effect. CONCLUSION: Both MSAT and CAT can improve the life-quality of neck pain patients. Patients with high general health status before treatment can choose CAT, while patients who score mild to moderate decline in physiological function can choose MSAT combined with CAT.
Evaluation of menopausal endometrial lesions via mathematical modeling clinical indicators and ultrasonographic parameters
Authors: Zhu Yamei , Tang Lei , Chen Qiao , Chen Man
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of benign and malignant menopausal endometrial lesions (MEL) is often misled by complicated clinical indicators and ultrasonographic parameters in actual clinical applications. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the performance of clinical indicators and ultrasonographic parameters in the diagnosis of MEL. METHODS: A cohort of 156 enrolled menopausal patients with MEL was divided into benign group (128 cases) and malignant group (28 cases). Two clinical indicators of patient age (PA), abnormal vaginal bleeding (AVB) and three transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) parameters of endometrial thickness (ET), endometrial uneven echo (EUE) and endometrial blood flow signal (EBFS) were measured for the mathematical modelling. The performance of combined indicators and individual indicators were firstly compared, and then the optimized combined indicators was compared with corresponding individual indicators, respectively. RESULTS: Our experiments verified that the mathematical modelling presented robust capabilities in the diagnosis of MEL with the sensitivity, specificity and AUC of 78.6%, 75.8% and 0.83 for combined indicators, and 75.0%, 81.3% and 0.85 for optimized combined indicators, respectively. The cut off thresholds of PA was 57.5 years, ET was 11.5 mm. Furthermore, the AVB presented the most important risk factor among the optimized indicators of PA, ET and AVB (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combined indicators presented better performance in differentiating benign and malignant MEL and the AVB demonstrated the most capability for clinical applications.
Optimal surgical timing and approach for tibial plateau fracture
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Shuang , Qiu XuZhong , Huang HaiJun , Sheng Hao , Zhang Yun , Chang Jihui , Kuang Jiangming , Yang Jining
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Tibial plateau fracture is a common fracture encountered in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: This study determined the optimal timing and surgical approach for patients with tibial plateau fracture. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with complex tibial plateau fractures were treated in our hospital (the People’s Hospital of Zhongjiang County) between 2013 and 2015. These patients were recruited as participants in this study; all patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 26 patients each. Patients in Group 1 underwent single-incision, single-plate knee surgeries via an antero-lateral approach, and patients in Group 2 underwent anterior median incisions of the knee for double-plate surgeries. The effects of the approaches were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The best time to perform surgery was 6–8 days post-injury. The anterior median incision, double-plate method approach was better than the antero-lateral, single-incision, single-plate method. For the former method, the healing among middle-aged and young patients was better than that of elderly patients, and that healing of men was slightly better than that of female patients. However, the degree of healing among patients was > 80% at 5 months postoperatively. The purpose of surgical management has been fully achieved. CONCLUSION: The optimal timing of surgery for patients with complex tibial plateau fractures is 6–8 days post-injury. The surgical approach needs to be determined based on the actual condition of the patient. However, the treatment effect of an anterior median incision, double-plate method is better, and the recovery rate may approach 80% at 5 months postoperatively.
Risk prevention of different forms of gestational diabetes mellitus based on energy metabolism prior to diagnosis
Authors: Lu Jiayu , Jiang Hongqing , Zhang Song , Yang Yimin , Hao Dongmei , Li Xuwen , Chen Aiqing , Shao Jing , Liu Xiaohong , Yang Lin
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disease that seriously endangers the health of mothers and children. It is important to monitor GDM in real-time before diagnosis and to prevent it effectively. OBJECTIVE: GDM was divided into the second trimester diagnosed diabetes mellitus (GDM_24) and the third trimester diagnosed diabetes mellitus (GDM_30). The risk prediction of two types of GDM was performed in normal pregnant women at 11–13 and 16–19 weeks of pregnancy, respectively. METHODS: By stages, the K-W test was used to analyze the differences between basic information and energy metabolism factors, and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of energy metabolism factors and to correct the confounders with significant differences. RESULTS: For the GDM_24 group, each additional unit of oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production, and resting energy expenditure (REE) increased the risk by 2.4%, 3.5%, 0.4%, and 2.1%, 2.6%, and 0.3%, respectively, at 11–13 and 16–19 weeks of pregnancy. For the GDM_30 group, each additional unit of VO2 and REE was associated with an increased risk of 2.3% and 0.3%, respectively, at 16–19 weeks of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The risk of GDM_30 only appeared in pregnant women during 16–19 weeks of pregnancy, which may indicate that GDM_24 and GDM_30 have different pathogenesis.
Research on public health crisis early warning system based on context awareness
Authors: Li Yingzhi , Xiao Laiyuan
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: With the continuous expansion of urban scale and the increasing concentration of population, public health crisis has become an important part of urban residents’ health management. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan in 2020 has sounded the alarm. OBJECTIVE: With the government at all levels to carry out the construction of urban Internet of things and information internet, the Internet backbone network has been built, deployed a large number of sensors, and collected a large number of urban situation data. METHODS: In this paper, situational awareness technology is introduced into public health emergency services. RESULTS: By constructing ontology, situational data and residents’ health data are integrated. Through key technologies such as situational data collection, data fusion and data mining, real-time perception of environmental conditions of public health emergency scene is realized, and situational data fusion and situational information reasoning model are constructed. CONCLUSIONS: The model is applied to the public health crisis emergency simulation system to verify the effectiveness of the model.
Regulation of skeletal myogenesis in C2C12 cells through modulation of Pax7, MyoD, and myogenin via different low-frequency electromagnetic field energies
Authors: Bi Jiaqi , Jing Hong , Zhou ChenLiang , Gao Peng , Han Fujun , Li Gang , Zhang Shiwei
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: A low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) exerts important biological effects on the human body. OBJECTIVE: We previously studied the immunity and atrophy of gastrocnemius muscles in rats with spinal cord injuries and found that LF-EMF with a magnetic flux density of 1.5 mT exerted excellent therapeutic and preventive effects on reducing myotubes and increasing spatium intermusculare. However, the effects of LF-EMF on all stages of skeletal myogenesis, such as activation, proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of satellite cells to myotubes as stimulated by myogenic regulatoryfactors (MRFs), have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: This study investigated the optimal LF-EMF magnetic flux density that exerted maximal effects on all stages of C2C12 cell skeletal myogenesis as well as its impact on regulatory MRFs. RESULTS: The results showed that an LF-EMF with a magnetic flux density of 2.0 mT could activate C2C12 cells and upregulate the proliferation-promoting transcription factor PAX7. On the other hand, 1.5 mT EMF could upregulate the expression of MyoD and myogenin. CONCLUSION: LF-EMF could prevent the disappearance of myotubes, with different magnetic flux densities of LF-EMF exerting independent and positive effects on skeletal myogenesis such as satellite cell activation and proliferation, muscle cell differentiation, and myocyte fusion.
Generalized sidelobe canceler beamforming combined with Eigenspace-Wiener postfilter for medical ultrasound imaging
Authors: Yang Jin , Chen Xiaodong , Cai Huaiyu , Wang Yi
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The beamforming algorithm is key to the image quality of the medical ultrasound system. The generalized sidelobe canceler (GSC) beamforming can improve the image quality in lateral resolution, but the contrast is not improved correspondingly. OBJECTIVE: In our research, we try to optimize the generalized sidelobe canceler to obtain images that achieve an improvement in both lateral resolution and contrast. METHODS: We put forward a new beamforming algorithm which combines the generalized sidelobe canceler and Eigenspace-Wiener postfilter. According to eigenspace decomposition of the covariance matrix of the received data, the components of the Wiener postfilter can be calculated from the signal matrix and the noise matrix. Then, the adaptive weight vector of GSC is further constrained by the Eigenspace-Wiener postfilter, which make the output energy of the receiving array closer to the desired signal than the conventional GSC output. RESULTS: We compare the new beamforming algorithm with delay-and-sum (DS) beamforming, synthetic aperture (SA) beamforming, and GSC beamforming using the simulated and experimental data sets. The quantitative results show that our method reduces the FWHM by 85.5%, 80.5%, and 38.9% while improving the CR by 123.6%, 47.7%, 84.4% on basis of DS, SA, and GSC beamforming, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The new beamforming algorithm can obviously improve the imaging quality of medical ultrasound imaging systems in both lateral resolution and contrast.
Study of the advantages and risks of electronic retail trade in medicines
Authors: Комаріда О. О. , Убогов С. Г. , Суртаєва Н. В. , Тодорова В. І. , Федорова Л. О.
Published: February 2022

One of the most important issues of interest to scientists and practitioners of pharmacy is medicines quality assurance at all stages of their life cycle. From 2021 in Ukraine, the retail trade of medicines via the Internet was allowed. The system of electronic (distance) retail trade (ERT) has its obvious advantages for consumers of pharmaceutical services, but also its potential risks for the medicines quality being sold.

The aim of the study is analysis of legislative innovations on ERT in medicines, determination of advantages and possible problems of ERT in medicines, identification of potential risks to the medicines quality during ERT and determination of organizational and practical measures to prevent and minimize them.

The research materials were scientific publications, legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine and the EU, public information of public authorities and pharmaceutical enterprises, data from own observations. The following methods were used in the work: system and content analysis, generalization, systematization, structural-logical, visual-graphic.

The analysis of sources of scientific and professional literature showed that domestic and foreign scientists have studied the legal, socio-economic and marketing aspects of ERT in medicines. We studied this issue from the standpoint of quality assurance and risk management for the medicines quality.

The paper provides a system and content analysis of legislative innovations on ERT in medicines, summarizes and systematizes the general and special requirements for the procedure for ERT in medicines, identifies the advantages and possible problems of ERT in medicines. The structural and logical scheme of the ERT in medicines process is developed. It is proposed to use this scheme as a basis for the regulation and documentation of the ERT in medicines process by developing appropriate regulatory and instructional documents (regulations or techniques for performing the process, standard operating procedures, work instructions, etc.).

According to the research results, the potential risks for the medicines quality in the conditions of ERT are identified and the complex of organizational and practical measures for their prevention and minimization is determined. It is proposed to implement this complex in the overall risk management process for the medicines quality and pharmaceutical services, which should be an integral part of the quality management system of the pharmaceutical enterprise that performs ERT in medicines. These measures should be taken into account when developing standard operating procedures for different stages of ERT in medicines and documentation on risk management for the medicines quality (passports of risk profiles, risk register, risk management plan, etc.).
Analysis of extemporal production trends in pharmacies for children
Authors: Заліська О. М. , Качерай Ю. В. , Заболотня З. О. , Семенов О. М.
Published: February 2022

Medicines for children are insufficiently represented in pediatric dosages and appropriate dosage forms in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Pediatricians are forced to prescribe children's medicines in dosages that are not available in the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine. Extemporaneously compounded medicines (ECM) are useful when a required dose or dose form is unavailable commercially, or is needed for individualised dosing.

The aim of the study was to analysis a real data of the list of  medicines which are produced in hospital and public pharmacies of Lviv region during 2020–2021.

Methods. Content analysis of extemporal prescriptions for children, depending on the composition of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, dose and dosage form, comparative cost analysis of ECM and industrial medicines.

In the hospital doctors prescribe ECМ in liquid forms (75%) – solutions for injection and in solid forms (25%) – dosed simple powders – 19%, dosed complex powders – 6%. It was determined the structure of  ECM, which are produced in 6 studied pharmacies in 2020–2021. There are soft ECM 61.6% in dosage forms: ointments, creams, paste; liquid ECM are 28.3% in mixtures, solutions, mumbles; solid ECM are 8.3% in mono, combine powders, suppositories and 1.8% – other ECM: powders and nail polishs. There were highlighted unique recipes of ECM which analogues were not present in industrial dosage forms.

We conducted analysis of the cost of children’s ECM in these pharmacies. It was determined that ECM cost were 40.5–305.6 UAH depending on the dosage form. The comparative analysis showed that ECM are in 2.2–4.9 times more cheaper for children compare with similar active ingredients in industrial medicines.

ECMs are much more compliant for treatment in children and babies, they provide higher effect, safety, reduce dosing errors, especially at the inpatient stage, and continuation of therapy on an outpatient basis and  more cost-effective for individual needs. The use of ECMs allows parents to properly dose them for children, to avoid errors in dosing, improper administration, which is extremely important to ensure the rational use of medicines in pediatric practice.
Study of physicochemical characteristics of calcium hydroxyapatite «Kalident Powder 100» in the development of dental medicine
Authors: Маслій Ю. С. , Крива К. В. , Ковалевська І. В. , Рубан О. А. , Ляпунова О. О.
Published: February 2022

Despite the development of the dental industry, the prevalence of dental hypersensitivity does not decrease but increases at a progressive rate. Given the above, the subject of our research was the development of dental medicinal films with micronized calcium hydroxyapatite under the trade name «Kalident Powder 100» (Kalichem, Italy) for the treatment of dental hyperesthesia and caries prevention. To establish the optimal method of calcium hydroxyapatite introduction into the dental film, it was necessary to study the influence of different dispersion mediums on the physicochemical characteristics of the substance under study.

Purified water, ethyl alcohol 96%, polysorbate 80, glycerol, polyethylene oxide-400, propylene glycol, sunflower oil, vaseline oil were used as dispersion medium in the studies. Research of physico-chemical characteristics was performed both for the substance «Kalident Powder 100» separately and for its mixtures with the studied liquids and their combinations (in a ratio of 1:1). The following physico-chemical characteristics have been determined: disperse and diffraction analysis of particle size distribution, morphological description, linear dimensions, shape factor, volume coefficient, Martin and Ferret diameters, wettability.

The results of crystallographic and disperse analysis have revealed the polydispersity of the substance «Kalident Powder 100» and its high ability to agglomerate, which may adversely affect the homogeneity of its distribution in the dental medicinal product. A study of the effect of different dispersion medium on the physicochemical characteristics of calcium hydroxyapatite has shown a positive effect of hydrophilic liquids on the wettability of powder particles, changes in their shape, size, and distribution in the studied samples. It has been established that the combination of the substance «Kalident Powder 100» with combined solvent systems containing purified water, polysorbate 80, glycerol, and PEO-400, allows achieving optimal shape and particle size of calcium hydroxyapatite with their uniform distribution throughout the liquid, which is also confirmed by the results of laser diffraction. The obtained results will be used in further research on the development of dental medicinal film.
Investigation of anatomical signs of canadian goldenrod herbs, introduced in Ukraine
Authors: Гонтова Т. М. , Руденко В. П. , Гапоненко В. П. , Козира С. А. , Романова С. В.
Published: February 2022

The monograph «Goldenrod» SPhU 2.0 describes the general morphological and anatomical features of two species – Solidago gigantea Ait and Solidago canadensis L., which are similar. Not all diagnostic signs can be identified in powdered raw materials. It was important to investigate domestic series of сanadian goldenrod and to identify additional diagnostic signs.

The aim of the work was to study the series of domestic raw materials of сanadian goldenrod by anatomical features and to determine the totality of individual features of the species to establish the identity of raw materials.

The object of the study were samples of сanadian goldenrod grass, which were harvested in August 2020 in the regions of Ukraine. We used an iPhone XR camera, Item PB-2610 V microscope.

Important features of the anatomical structure of the raw material of сanadian goldenrod include: the cells of the stem epidermis are parenchymal, ortho-walled, porous, the leaves – sinuous- and ortho-walled. The presence in the pubescence of stems and leaves 3 types of hairs: simple long, 5–8-celled (up to 20), with thickened walls and pointed cell; short, 2–3-celled, with a dormant apical cell; short and headed with a 2–3-celled stalk and a rounded unicellular head; on the surface and edge of the leaves of the involucre – simple short and 3–4-cell hairs, corollas of flowers – multicellular double-row hairs; stem vessels are spiral, ladder, porous and reticulate; schizogenous structures in the stems, leaves and leaves of the involucre; sphenocrystals of inulin in the parenchyma and vessels of the stem, the cells of the corollas of flowers.

A series of domestic raw materials of сanadian goldenrod has been studied according to anatomical features, a set of individual features of the species has been determined. The obtained results can be used in plant taxonomy for comparative analysis of morphologically similar species of the genus Zolotushnik, as well as to supplement the section «Identification B» of the monograph SPhU 2.0 «Zolotushnik».
Presentación
Authors: González Cano Vicente
Published: February 2022

La Revista de Fomento Social acordó con las instituciones promotoras del Call for Papers 2020 “La Integración Centroamericana hacia el Bicentenario de la Independencia y los 30 años del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA)”ofrecer a los autores ganadores de esta convocatoria la posibilidad de publicar artículos basados en las investigaciones premiadas. El presente es el primer número de la Revista que publica parte de esos artículos (los que obtuvieron el primer, el tercer y el quinto premios), que se han agrupado en una sección especial dedicada a esta convocatoria.
A methodological framework to assist in the renewable energy policies of the Central American countries based on the Analytical Network Process (ANP)
Authors: Murillo Castellanos Juan Carlos
Published: February 2022

Renewable energies play an essential role in the Central American Countries, providing responses to face the economic crisis and improving the living conditions of the people, which are being undermined by the effects of the Covid–19. Although the states´ involvement in these processes is reflected through diverse endeavors to enhance renewable energies, their policies need to be readjusted to ensure their effectiveness regarding the current needs. For these reasons, is proposed a methodological framework to assist policymakers, the fundamentals of this tool are based on a Multicriteria Decision Analysis technique, called Analytical Network Process. The innovation of this methodology is that it reveals the best course of action, comparing the countries’ economic, political, social, and environmental elements. The present study evidences its applicability through the cases of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. This novel methodology even addresses their main contextual constraints to guarantee the most realistic diagnoses.