bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaporation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of R32 Inside a Multiport Tube with Microfins
Authors: Jige Daisuke , Kikuchi Shogo , Eda Hikaru , Inoue Norihiro , Koyama Shigeru
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the evaporation heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R32 in a horizontal multiport tube consisting of rectangular minichannels with straight microfins. The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were measured for a mass velocity range of 50–400[Formula: see text]kgm[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text] and heat flux range of 5–20[Formula: see text]kWm[Formula: see text] at a saturation temperature of 15[Formula: see text]C. The frictional pressure drop during an adiabatic two-phase flow was also measured for a mass velocity range of 50–400[Formula: see text]kgm[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text] and quality range of 0.1–0.9 at the same saturation temperature. The heat transfer coefficient increased with an increasing quality owing to the increase in forced convection. The dryout inception quality increased with the increase in mass velocity. The effects of heat flux on the heat transfer coefficient were small, except in a high-quality region. The heat transfer coefficient in a multiport tube with microfins was higher than that in a multiport tube without microfins in a high-quality region at a mass velocity of 200[Formula: see text]kgm[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text] and in a low-quality region at a mass velocity of 400[Formula: see text]kgm[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text]. The effects of mass velocity and microfins on the frictional pressure drop were clarified. It is suspected that the effects of a microfin on the frictional pressured drop can be considered using the hydraulic diameter. The frictional pressure drop was shown to be in good agreement with previous correlations.
Design optimization of room and pillar mines: a case study of the Xianglushan tungsten mine
Authors: Zhang Youfeng , Ni Pengpeng
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the design optimization for the Xianglushan tungsten mine using the room and pillar mining technique. The influence of pillar height, pillar length, pillar width, room length and room width on the stability of room and pillars was examined through analyses using the orthogonal experimental design method. The pillar and room sizes were identified as the most critical factors. The types of rock masses in the Xianglushan tungsten mine were identified in terms of rock mass classification and the mechanical parameters of those rock masses were assessed. A numerical model was developed in the continuum-based finite-element program 3D-
σ
to simulate the excavation process. Given fixed mining and pillar heights, the maximum room width and minimum pillar width were calculated. A separate calculation was also conducted to assess the stable excavation span using the stability graph method. The results obtained from numerical parametric study and empirical-based analysis are consistent. A comprehensive field monitoring programme is introduced, including the data from acoustic emissions, stresses and displacements. The measured responses of pillars and roof rock demonstrate that the proposed design optimization is effective.
Geological and geotechnical studies around Kaswati dam, Kachchh, India: implications on tectonic stability, rock mass property and water retention capacity
Authors: Bhattacharjee Niladri , Mohanty Sarada Prasad
Published: April 2018

The Kachchh region, located in the highest seismicity belt of peninsular India, has undergone continuous tectonism along regional faults since Mesozoic times. The Kaswati dam, situated between two asymmetrical domes, witnessed a M
w
7.6 earthquake in 2001. The present investigation was carried out around the dam site to assess the cause of geotechnical hazards (ground motion amplification, soil liquefaction, landslide and surface ruptures) that occurred during the earthquake. Analyses of the spatial distribution of discontinuities, their relationship with deformed litho-units and different parameters of discontinuities (i.e. spacing, orientation, persistence, aperture, roughness, filling and weathering) were undertaken to characterize rock mass properties and seepage over time. Measured joint frequency, joint volume, block volume and block shape factor provide quantified data on the degree of jointing, shape and size of the block, Rock Quality Designation, Rock Mass Rating, Geological Strength Index and hydraulic aperture. The coefficient of permeability was determined from rock discontinuities to estimate the amount of seepage of water through rock joints. Rock mass characterization and water retention capacity were measured via an indirect method, which might be useful during the preliminary study of site characterization and produce accurate results at very low cost.
Apps for everyone
Authors: El-Glaly Yasmine N. , Peruma Anthony , Krutz Daniel E. , Hawker J. Scott
Published: April 2018

Mobile applications (apps) should be accessible to everyone, yet many of even the most popular are not. To address the lack of accessibility problem, we created a set of educational modules. These modules may be used to teach students and developers about proper methods of creating accessible apps, and on the importance of accessibility guidelines. Each module contains a well-defined accessibility problem, provides details about the accessibility issue, and simulates the effects of the accessibility barrier. Information is provided on how to fix the accessibility issue. Additionally, each module includes augmenting educational materials (slides, instructional videos, etc.), and example apps.
Further Insights on Drawing Sound Conclusions from Noisy Judgments
Authors: Goldberg David , Trotman Andrew , Wang Xiao , Min Wei , Wan Zongru
Published: April 2018

The effectiveness of a search engine is typically evaluated using hand-labeled datasets, where the labels indicate the relevance of documents to queries. Often the number of labels needed is too large to be created by the best annotators, and so less expensive labels (e.g., from crowdsourcing) are used. This introduces errors in the labels, and thus errors in standard effectiveness metrics (such as P@k and DCG). These errors must be taken into consideration when using the metrics. Previous work has approached assessor error by taking aggregates over multiple inexpensive assessors. We take a different approach and introduce equations and algorithms that can adjust the metrics to the values they would have had if there were no annotation errors.

This is especially important when two search engines are compared on their metrics. We give examples where one engine appeared to be statistically significantly better than the other, but the effect disappeared after the metrics were corrected for annotation error. In other words, the evidence supporting a statistical difference was illusory and caused by a failure to account for annotation error.
Towards a Rigorous Methodology for Measuring Adoption of RPKI Route Validation and Filtering
Authors: Reuter Andreas , Bush Randy , Cunha Italo , Katz-Bassett Ethan , Schmidt Thomas C. , Wählisch Matthias
Published: April 2018

A proposal to improve routing security---Route Origin Authorization (ROA)---has been standardized. A ROA specifies which network is allowed to announce a set of Internet destinations. While some networks now specify ROAs, little is known about whether other networks check routes they receive against these ROAs, a process known as Route Origin Validation (ROV). Which networks blindly accept invalid routes? Which reject them outright? Which de-preference them if alternatives exist?

Recent analysis attempts to use uncontrolled experiments to characterize ROV adoption by comparing valid routes and invalid routes. However, we argue that gaining a solid understanding of ROV adoption is impossible using currently available data sets and techniques. Instead, we devise a verifiable methodology of controlled experiments for measuring ROV. Our measurements suggest that, although some ISPs are not observed using invalid routes in uncontrolled experiments, they are actually using different routes for (non-security) traffic engineering purposes, without performing ROV. We conclude with presenting three AS that do implement ROV as confirmed by the operators.
Cross talk between androgen and Wnt signaling potentially contributes to age-related skeletal muscle atrophy in rats
Authors: Mumford Petey W. , Romero Matthew A. , Mao Xuansong , Mobley C. Brooks , Kephart Wesley C. , Haun Cody T. , Roberson Paul A. , Young Kaelin C. , Martin Jeffrey S. , Yarrow Joshua F. , Beck Darren T. , Roberts Michael D.
Published: May 2018

We sought to determine whether age-related gastrocnemius muscle mass loss was associated with parallel decrements in androgen receptor (AR) or select Wnt signaling markers. To test this hypothesis, serum-free and total testosterone (TEST) and gastrocnemius AR and Wnt signaling markers were analyzed in male Fischer 344 rats that were 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo (mo) old ( n = 9 per group). Free and total TEST was greatest in 6 mo rats, and AR protein and Wnt5 protein levels linearly declined with aging. There were associations between Wnt5 protein levels and relative gastrocnemius mass ( r = 0.395, P = 0.007) as well as AR and Wnt5 protein levels (r = 0.670, P < 0.001). We next tested the hypothesis that Wnt5 affects muscle fiber size by treating C2C12-derived myotubes with lower (75 ng/ml) and higher (150 ng/ml) concentrations of recombinant Wnt5a protein. Both treatments increased myotube size ( P < 0.05) suggesting this ligand may affect muscle fiber size in vivo. We next tested if Wnt5a protein levels were androgen-modulated by examining 10-mo-old male Fischer 344 rats ( n = 10–11 per group) that were orchiectomized and treated with testosterone-enanthate (TEST-E); trenbolone enanthate (TREN), a nonaromatizable synthetic testosterone analogue; or a vehicle (ORX only) for 4 wk. Interestingly, TEST-E and TREN treatments increased Wnt5a protein in the androgen-sensitive levator ani/bulbocavernosus muscle compared with ORX only ( P < 0.05). To summarize, aromatizable and nonaromatizable androgens increase Wnt5a protein expression in skeletal muscle, age-related decrements in muscle AR may contribute Wnt5a protein decrements, and our in vitro data imply this mechanism may contribute to age-related muscle loss.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Results from this study demonstrate androgen and Wnt5 protein expression decrease with aging, and this may be a mechanism involved with age-related muscle loss.
The Effect of a Hydrolyzed Polysaccharide Dietary Supplement on Biomarkers in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Lewis John E. , Atlas Steven E. , Higuera Oscar L. , Fiallo Andrea , Rasul Ammar , Farooqi Ashar , Kromo Olga , Lantigua Laura A. , Tiozzo Eduard , Woolger Judi M. , Goldberg Sharon , Mendez Armando , Rodriguez Allan E. , Konefal Janet
Published: May 2018

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a hydrolyzed polysaccharide, Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Compound (RBAC), on biomarkers in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A 90‐day randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial examined the effect of RBAC on complete blood count, liver enzymes, lipids, oxidative stress markers, cytokines, and growth factors. Twenty‐three adults with NAFLD were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the two study conditions (n = 12 RBAC and n = 11 placebo) and consumed 1 gram/day of either compound for 90 days. Subjects were assessed at baseline and 45 and 90 days. No adverse effects were reported. Alkaline phosphatase significantly decreased (−3.1%; SD = 19.9; F[1,19] = 5.1, p = 0.03) in the RBAC group compared to the placebo group. The percentages of monocytes (17.9%; SD = 18.3; F[1,19] = 5.9, p = 0.02) and eosinophils (30.6%; SD = 30.5; F[1,19] = 12.3, p < 0.01) increased in the RBAC group. IFN‐γ (156%; SD = 131.8; F[1,19] = 4.2, p = 0.06) and IL‐18 (29.1%; SD = 64; F[1,19] = 5.3, p = 0.03) increased in the RBAC group compared to the placebo group. Other improvements were noted for platelets, neutrophils, neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio, γ‐glutamyl transferase, and 4‐hydroxynonenal. RBAC had beneficial effects on several biomarkers that adds to the known immunomodulatory activities of RBAC, which may be promising for people with NAFLD.
Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Effect of Disease and Psychosocial-Related Correlates on Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Gillani Syed Wasif , Ansari Irfan Altaf , Zaghloul Hisham A. , Abdul Mohi Iqbal Mohammad , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed , Baig Mirza R. , Rathore Hassaan Anwar
Published: May 2018

Background. This study is aimed at investigating the various disease-specific and health-related psychosocial concepts of HRQOL among insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and understanding the gender differences in HRQOL among IDDM patients. Methods. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to assess the effect of health-related and psychosocial correlates on HRQOL of IDDM patients in Penang, Malaysia. The participants were recruited from five governmental diabetic clinics. Patients with insulin use only, IDDM diagnosed at least 1 year earlier, were identified from clinical registers. The sample was then age stratified for 20–64 years, and severe complications (e.g., end-stage renal failure, hemodialysis, and liver cirrhosis) were excluded; a total of 1003 participants were enrolled in the study. Multivariate regression analysis was used to predict the response. Results. A total of 853 (100%) participants were enrolled and completed the study. Women exhibited significantly higher/better mental health (p<0.013) and health perception scores (p<0.001) despite high prevalence of impaired role (49.2%), social (24.2%), and physical (40.5%) functionings as compared to men. Women with longer diabetes exposure and uncontrolled glycemic levels (HbA1c) have poorer HRQOL. Availability of social support showed no significant association with either HRQOL or diabetes distress levels. Diabetes distress levels remained not associated with social support. Women also showed significantly higher association with health perception (15% versus 13% men, p<0.001) and mental health (13% versus 11% men, p<0.001) in diabetes-specific psychosocial factors. Thus, among women alone, diabetes-related specific and psychosocial factors explained 15% and 13% of variations in HRQOL extents, respectively. Conclusion. Women exhibit extensive and significant patterns with health-related factors and diabetes-specific psychosocial factors (self-efficacy, social support, and DLC) to improve HRQOL. Also, women have significantly high reported distress levels and low social functioning compared to men.
Traveling Waves in the Underdamped Frenkel–Kontorova Model
Authors: Li Hengyan , Liu Shaowei
Published: April 2018

This paper studies a damped Frenkel–Kontorova model with periodic boundary condition. By using Nash–Moser iteration scheme, we prove that such model has a family of smooth traveling wave solutions.
Multistandard Receiver Design for Telemedicine Monitoring System
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Yao Chong , Wang Faguang , Li Shiyin , Lee Sanghyuk
Published: April 2018

In short-distance wireless communications for telemedicine monitoring, different medical data measurement equipment has different wireless transmission modes. A multistandard receiver is designed that can adapt to different medical data measuring equipment. Using a second-order bandpass sampling for the design of antialiasing filters, two aliasing signals can be separated. Simultaneously, constraint conditions for sampling frequency are not as critical. The design is useful for a multistandard receiver in a telemedicine monitoring system and has the advantages such as saving spectrum resources and facilitating spectrum planning.
Особливості біохімічного складу сурфактанта легень щурів при гострому респіраторному дистрес-синдромі
Authors: Beskyy V. O. , Hryshchuk L. A. , Shumeliak A. M. , Marushchak M. I.
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Despite significant scientific advances in the understanding of the clinical and pathobiochemical aspects of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), there is no specific therapy. This substantiates the search for new mechanisms of the impact of damaging factors on pulmonary tissue and the body of patients with ARDS.The aim of the study – to analyze the chemical composition of the pulmonary surfactant in the dynamics of acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats.Research Methods. Experiments were conducted on 60 white nonlinear male-rats, which were modulated acute lung injury by intratracheal administration of hydrochloric acid at pH 1.2 at a dose of 1.0 ml/ kg per breath.The content of phospholipids, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids and cholesterol was determined in the pulmonary tissue homogenate. The biochemical study of surfactant phospholipids was performed by thin layer chromatography.Results and Discussion. The results of the study indicate an increase of cholesterol and free fatty acids concentration in the pulmonary homogenate in the dynamics of ARDS. In contrast to the content of cholesterol and free fatty acids in the tissues of the lungs, the concentration of triacylglycerols and phospholipids are decreased. The obtained data indicate that the chemical structure of the surfactant is violated by ARDS, which leads to the decreasingof its functional capacity. Against the background of a marked reduction in the content of phosphatidylcholine, an increase in lysophosphatidylcholine, the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine increased in a compensatory manner. It should be noted that these values reached their maximum value in 5 research groups, in particular, after 24 hours, the content of phosphatidylethanolamine was higher by 48.4% vs control indicators, respectively, sphingomyelin – by 22.0%, phosphatidylinositol – by 37, 7% and phosphatidylserine – by 35.0%.Conclusions. In case of acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats, the chemical structure of surfactant is altered due to changes in lipid metabolism: cholesterol and free fatty acids had increased, levels of triacylglycerols and total phospholipids had decreased in pulmonary homogenate in the dynamics of the studied pathology. The obtained data indicate a decrease in the surfactant synthesizing capacity of the lungs with respiratory distress syndrome.
Визначення вмісту антоціанів і танінів у аронії чорноплідної плодах
Authors: Krivoruchko O. V. , Kotov A. G. , Samoilova V. A. , Kotova E. E. , Kovalyov V. M.
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Aronia melanocarpa is widely cultivated in Ukraine as a food, medicinal and ornamental plant. The quality of fresh fruit of Aronia melanocarpa was regulated by the requirements of the pharmaceutical article 42-66-87 "Fresh fruit of Aronia melanocarpa", but the article required a revision using modern approaches to the standardization of medicinal plant material.The aim of the study – determination of the content of anthocyanins and tannins in fresh and dried fruit of Aronia melanocarpa for inclusion the results of the research in the section of the monograph "Quantitative determination".Research Methods. The determination of the content of anthocyanins and tannins in fresh and dried fruit of Aronia melanocarpa was carried out by the method of absorption spectrophotometry.Results and Discussion. The content of anthocyanins in fresh fruit of Aronia melanocarpa is from (0.45±0.01) % to (0.56±0.02) % in terms of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride, the content of tannins in dried fruit of Aronia melanocarpa is from (1.51±0.02) % to (2.41±0.03) % in terms of pyrogallol and dry raw materials. Therefore we proposed to enter the indicator: the content of anthocyanins – at least 0.40 % in terms of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride to the national monograph "Fresh fruit of Aronia melanocarpaN", and the indicator: the content of tannins – not less than 1.5 % in terms of pyrogallol and dry raw materials to the national monograph "Dried fruit of Aronia melanocarpaN".Conclusion. By the method of absorption spectrophotometry in fresh fruit of Aronia melanocarpa the content of anthocyanins was determined, in dried fruit of Aronia melanocarpa – tannins. The results of the research were used during the development of the national monographs "Fresh fruit of Aronia melanocarpaN" and "Dried fruit of Aronia melanocarpaN".
Impact of Pituitary–Gonadal Axis Hormones on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Men
Authors: Wu Wen-Hui , Yuan Ping , Zhang Si-Jin , Jiang Xin , Wu Cheng , Li Yuan , Liu Shao-Fei , Liu Qian-Qian , Li Jing-Hui , Pudasaini Bigyan , Hu Qing-Hua , Dupuis Jocelyn , Jing Zhi-Cheng
Published: April 2018

The association of sex hormone (estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone) with cardiopulmonary disease has already attracted great attention, especially in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the impact of sex hormones and their pituitary stimulators (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) on PAH in men remains unclear. We conducted a prospective cohort study recruiting 95 patients with idiopathic PAH from 2008 to 2014 and following up for a median of 65 months for death. Compared with control, abnormal plasma levels of sex hormones were more common in patients with PAH. Higher estradiol and estradiol/testosterone levels were associated with risk of PAH diagnosis (odds ratio per ln estradiol, 3.55;
P
<0.001; odds ratio per ln estradiol/testosterone, 4.30;
P
<0.001), whereas higher testosterone and progesterone were associated with a reduced risk (odds ratio per ln testosterone, 0.48;
P
=0.003; odds ratio per ln progesterone, 0.09;
P
<0.001). Fifty patients died during follow-up. Men with higher estradiol had increased mortality (hazard ratio per ln estradiol, 2.02;
P
=0.007), even after adjustment for baseline characteristics and PAH treatment. According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, patients with PAH with higher estradiol level (≥145.55 pmol/L) had worse 5-year survival rate compared with those with lower estradiol (38.6% versus 68.2%; log-rank test
P
=0.001). Therefore, our data show higher estradiol, estradiol/testosterone ratio, lower testosterone, and progesterone were associated with increased risk of PAH. Meanwhile, higher estradiol was independently associated with higher mortality in men with PAH. Further studies are needed to explain the origin of these hormonal derangements and their potential pathophysiological implications in PAH.
FGF23 (Fibroblast Growth Factor-23) and Incident Hypertension in Young and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Akhabue Ehimare , Montag Samantha , Reis Jared P. , Pool Lindsay R. , Mehta Rupal , Yancy Clyde W. , Zhao Lihui , Wolf Myles , Gutierrez Orlando M. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Isakova Tamara
Published: April 2018

Blacks have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the United States. Higher levels of FGF23 (fibroblast growth factor-23) have been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. Whether FGF23 is associated with rising blood pressure (BP) and racial differences in incident hypertension is unclear. We studied 1758 adults (45.0±3.7 years; 57.8% female; 36.9% black) without hypertension or cardiovascular disease who participated in the year 20 (2005–2006) follow-up examination of the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults). We investigated the associations of baseline (year 20) cFGF23 (C-terminal FGF23) levels with longitudinal BP patterns and incident hypertension (defined as being on antihypertensive medication, systolic BP ≥130 or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg) during 2 follow-up visits (years 25 and 30). During follow-up, 35.2% of participants developed hypertension. In multivariable linear mixed models, there were greater increases in systolic BP from year 20 to 25 and year 25 to 30 in the highest FGF23 quartile relative to the lowest quartile (+2.1 mm Hg,
P
=0.0057 and +2.2 mm Hg,
P
=0.0108, respectively for each time period), whereas there were greater increases in diastolic BP from year 20 to 25 in the highest quartile relative to the lowest (+1.6 mm Hg;
P
=0.0024). In multivariable modified Poisson regression analyses, the highest FGF23 quartile was associated with a 45% greater risk of developing hypertension during follow-up compared with the lowest quartile (relative risk, 1.45 [1.18–1.77]). Results did not vary by race (
P
interaction
=0.1523). Higher FGF23 levels are independently associated with rising BP over time and an increased risk of incident hypertension but not racial differences in hypertension.
Social Authorship and the Production of Texts in Late Chosŏn: An Analytical Bibliography
Authors: Yoo Jamie Jungmin
Published: May 2018

This research aims to revisit the study of theCh’ŏngjanggwan chŏnsŏ(Complete works of Yi Tŏngmu, 1741-1793), with particular emphasis on its collaborative production, transmission, and modern appropriation. By analyzing eight different versions from North America, Japan, Korea, and China, I explore how each text was constructed by multiple agencies and constantly transformed through historical transmission. In the process of the collaborative production of the book, the selection of a primary author’s work was reinterpreted by the choices of those who received and collected the given collection of Yi’s writings. Although Yi is considered the author, each manuscript collection was transformed without his knowledge or consent. Thus, through a complex process of adaptation and transformation, a multiplicity of agencies involved in the production of the book have filtered and negotiated the author’s original intention. Addressing the notion of “social authorship,” this research challenges the solitary author model as well as the notion of canon as a complete and fixed entity. All the texts examined in this study were cultural and social products.Ch’ŏngjanggwan chŏnsŏwas produced and transformed through constant negotiations among the original author, editors, and readers. Although it has been valued as one of the most important literary canons of late Chosŏn, the collection was not a closed set of texts; rather, the particular set of texts in any version is “fluid and flexible,” and transformation during transmission was expected.
Rebellion of the Righteous: Jesuit Partisanship for Jews
Authors: Bernauer James
Published: April 2018

This essay rescues the memory of Jesuit partisanship for Jews and Judaism from a widespread indifference, both scholarly and popular. This memory complicates a long history of Jesuit hostility to Jews and is at the source of a new inter-religious identity for Jesuits. Jesuit rescuers of Jews during the period of the Holocaust crossed traditional borders in embracing a reverence and respect for Jews and Judaism. Both German Jesuit and French Jesuit resistance to Nazism are examined. The Jesuit righteous and resisters formed a spiritual alliance with such important scholars as Augustin Cardinal Bea, Joseph Bonsirven and Henri de Lubac. The witness of the former and the scholarship of the latter prepared the way for the April 24, 1960 petition from the Jesuit Biblical Institute in Rome that requested a declaration on the Jewish People from the Vatican Council, the first institution to make such an appeal to the council fathers. The council’s adoption of Nostra aetate with its reshaping of the relationship between Catholics and Jews was one of the most significant outcomes of this rebellion of the righteous.
Lectotypifications of six taxa in Lycianthes (Solanaceae)
Authors: Costa-Silva Rafael , Agra Maria De Fátima
Published: May 2018

Lycianthes comprises about 200 species, distributed mostly in the Neotropics but with 30 species in the Old World. It is a taxonomically complex group, and for more than a century its species were treated as part of Solanum. Together with Capsicum it constitutes the tribe Capsiceae. In this work six new lectotypes are designated for the following taxa of Lycianthes: L. acutangula (Griseb.) Bitter ssp. compressibaccata (Bitter) Bitter, L. cearaensis Bitter, L. coffeifolium Bitter, L. longidentata Bitter, L. ulei Bitter, and Solanum asarifolium Kunth & Bouché. Lycianthes cearaensis is shown to be distinct from L. pauciflora (Vahl) Bitter and Lycianthes amatilanensis (Coult. & Donn. Sm.) Bitter to be distinct from Lycianthes inaequilatera (Rusby) Bitter.
Two new species of the Clubiona corticalis-group from Guizhou Province, China (Araneae: Clubionidae)
Authors: ZHANG JIANSHUANG , YU HAO , ZHONG YANG
Published: April 2018

Clubiona Latreille, 1804, the largest genus in family Clubionidae, currently includes 495 species worldwide with 126 species from China (Li & Lin 2016; World Spider Catalog 2018). Due to the high diversity in Clubiona, several subgenera and species-groups have been proposed (Wang et al. 2015). While there is no agreement on the limits of most species-groups of Clubiona (Deeleman-Reinhold 2001), the corticalis-group has been widely considered as putatively monophyletic. The group presents a distinct set of characters (Mikhailov 1995; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001; Liu et al. 2016) and the species composition of the core-group is relatively stable (Mikhailov 1995; Deeleman-Reinhold 2001; Dankittipakul & Singtripop 2008; Wu et al. 2015). At least two generic names are available for the corticalis-group, Atalia Thorell, 1887 and Paraclubiona Lohmander, 1944 (Mikhailov 2012). Spiders of the corticalis-group are well studied in China and several new species have been described in recent years (Yu et al. 2012; Zhu et al. 2012; Wang et al. 2015; Wu et al. 2015; Liu et al. 2016; He et al. 2016). Up to now, the Clubiona corticalis-group has more than 28 Chinese species (Wang et al. 2015; Wu et al. 2015; Liu et al. 2016; He et al. 2016; Yu et al. 2017), making it one of the most well known clubionid groups in China. While examining spiders collected from Guizhou Province, China, we came across some specimens from the Clubiona corticalis-group, which are described here as belonging to two new species.
Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)
Authors: GREHAN JOHN R. , MIELKE CARLOS G.C.
Published: April 2018

The biogeographic history of Exoporia (Lepidoptera) in the Southwest Pacific is reconstructed for genera and species that show distributional boundaries corresponding to tectonic structures in the region. Correlations with tectonic formations of Mesozoic origin such as the Whitsunday Volcanic Province and Otway-Bass-Gippsland Basin system in Australia, the Vitiaz Fracture Zone in northern Melanesia, and the Western Province-Eastern Province boundary, Waitaki Fault Zone, and Waihemo Fault Zone of New Zealand are presented as evidence of an East Gondwana origin for genera and species before the geological separation of Australia and New Zealand. The correlated boundaries also suggest that many extant species retain at least parts of their original East Gondwana distribution ranges. The presence of Exoporia on the northern Melanesian Arc, New Caledonia, and New Zealand is attributed to the tectonic isolation of these areas when East Gondwana expanded into the Pacific following retreat of the Pacific Plate subduction zone. Local endemism of Mnesarchaeidae in New Zealand is interpreted as the result of an original vicariance from a widespread ancestor (‘Exoporia’) resulting in two allopatric descendants —a narrowly distributed Mnesarchoidea and a widely distributed Hepialoidea. The current overlap of these two groups in New Zealand is explained as the result of subsequent range expansion by the Hepialoidea prior to geological fragmentation of East Gondwana. The potential impact of Cretaceous geography on modern distributions is also considered for Exoporia in southern Africa and northern America. Along with lateral displacement of Exoporia, tectonic processes also contributed to the origin of high elevation endemics through a process of passive tectonic uplift.
Undocumented Migrants and Healthcare
Authors: Jossen Marianne
Published: May 2018

What do undocumented migrants experience when they try to access healthcare? How do they navigate the (often contradictory) challenges presented by bureaucratic systems, financial pressures, attitudes to migrants, and their own healthcare needs?

This urgent study uses a grounded theory approach to explore the ways in which undocumented migrants are included in or excluded from healthcare in a Swiss region. Marianne Jossen explores the ways migrants try to obtain healthcare on their own, with the help of NGOs or via insurance, and how they cope if they fail, whether by using risky strategies to access healthcare or leaving serious health issues untreated. Jossen shows that even for those who succeed, inclusion remains partial and fraught with risks.

Based on interviews with migrants, health practitioners and NGO staff and using a rigorous academic approach, Undocumented Migrants and Healthcare is an important contribution to a vital contemporary issue. It is necessary reading for researchers in Public Health and Migration Studies, as well as government and non-governmental organisations in Switzerland and beyond. It will be of interest to anyone concerned with healthcare and migration in the twenty-first century.
the relevance of a university degree in meteorology for the broadcast meteorologist1
Authors: Long William H.
Published: May 2018

The increasing descriptive knowledge of the atmosphere's behavior plus the increased physical understanding of meteorological events necessitates basic training in meteorology and oceanography if one is to continue to comment meaningfully upon the weather scene. This training should enable the broadcast meteorologist to get the maximum utility and interesting commentary out of information supplied to him from public sources. It also should prepare him to operate his own meteorological set-up including the use of data from sophisticated tools such as radar and weather satellites. These objectives can be attained through the curriculum for the B.S. degree in Meteorology which is supplemented by special elective courses.
aircraft reconnaissance of winter coastal cyclones in the northeastern United States1
Authors: Spar Jerome , Friedman Howard A. , Zuckerberg Fred L.
Published: May 2018

During the 1966–67 and 1967–68 winter seasons, the ESSA Research Flight Facility carried out several weather reconnaissance missions in east coastal cyclones as part of a project on snow prediction in the northeastern United States. The operation of the aircraft program and the meteorological observations of primary interest are described. The aircraft reconnaissance system is found to be of significant potential value to east coast weather forecasters.
Il filo di lana: San Gennaro nel mondo
Authors: Jorio Paolo
Published: April 2018

Tra il 1860 e il 1960 si è consumato il più grande esodo che la storia moderna conosca con circa trenta milioni di italiani che hanno lasciato la nostra penisola. Le privazioni, la fame erano tante e tali da far prendere la triste decisione di partire e cercare di sostenere da lontano la propria famiglia. Straziante il distacco: intere famiglie si stavano per lasciare per sempre e certamente non si sarebbero mai più visti. Al porto di Napoli, ci si affacciava dalla nave per vedere ancora una volta, forse l’ultima, i volti amati. C’era chi urlava il nome di chi lasciava, chi prendeva in braccio i bambini e li mostrava, chi aveva portato con sé un gomitolo di lana e lo svolgeva tenendone un capo e lanciando l’altro capo giù sul molo al proprio caro in modo da rimanere in contatto sino a quando la nave non avrebbe salpato. L’urlo della sirena scatenava un mare di fazzoletti bianchi e i fili di lana rimanevano tesi nelle mani di ciascuno sino a quando il piroscafo non si allontanava dalla banchina. E poi il distacco: sono partiti tutti pe’ terre assaje luntane, ma quel filo di lana, lasciato penzoloni alla partenza, non si è però spezzato perchè molti di loro si sono sentiti poi più italiana di quelli rimasti in patria.
Washington View
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: April 2018

Education has been an unusually busy beat for journalists in 2018. Maria Ferguson reflects on three major stories: the shooting in Parkland, Florida; the inflated graduation rates in D.C. schools, and the poor public performance of Education Secretary Betsy DeVos. These stories reveal the value of dedicating time and resources to education reporting.
Under the Law
Authors: Underwood Julie
Published: April 2018

In Janus v. American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, the U.S. Supreme Court will determine whether unions can compel non-union members to pay “fair share” fees to offset the cost of collective bargaining. Julie Underwood reviews past Supreme Court cases and state law involving union fees.
Backtalk
Authors: Conaway Carrie
Published: April 2018

In its guidelines for turning around low-performing schools, the Every Student Succeeds Act requires states to choose interventions that have already been shown to be effective. However, other sections of the law allow investments in Tier 4 strategies: programs and practices that are informed by research but which haven’t yet been fully developed and evaluated. In short, state leaders don’t have to pick a school improvement strategy off the shelf — ESSA gives them a valuable opportunity to design, implement, and refine their own programs and practices.
Ireland’s Public Health (Alcohol) Bill
Authors: Calnan Susan , Davoren Martin P. , Perry Ivan J. , O’Donovan Órla
Published: April 2018

The proposal to introduce a Public Health (Alcohol) Bill marks a significant development in Ireland’s alcohol policymaking landscape. While the Bill has generated support from public health advocates, it has also raised considerable opposition, particularly from industry. This analysis aims to examine the debate around this Bill using the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and applying Carol Bacchi’s What’s the Problem Represented To Be critical mode of analysis. A key objective is to analyze the current prevailing representations of alcohol and its regulation in Ireland but also to consider what they reveal about the underlying governing rationality in relation to alcohol regulation. In particular, it questions whether the Bill signals a shift in the official governing rationality regarding alcohol regulation. The analysis illustrates how alcohol is problematized in markedly different ways in the debates and how such debates are often underpinned by multifaceted elements. Despite such differences, it argues that there are still signs of a neoliberal rhetoric emerging within the public health discourses, raising a question over whether the Bill and its supporting discourses signal a paradigmatic shift or are more indicative of a policy embracing hybrid forms of rule.
Peer Victimization and School Adjustment Among Ethnically Diverse Middle School Students: Does Ethnic Ingroup Representation Matter?
Authors: Espinoza Guadalupe , Schacter Hannah , Juvonen Jaana
Published: April 2018

Although research has shown that peer victimization is related to negative school outcomes, whether ethnic ingroup size alters victimization-adjustment links is unclear. This study examines whether smaller ethnic ingroup representation amplifies the negative associations between peer victimization and school adjustment. We also examine whether ingroup representation may be more salient for some ethnic groups than others. The ethnically diverse sample includes 4,577 students from 26 schools spanning from the fall of sixth grade to spring of seventh grade (41% Latino, 26% White, 17% Asian American, 16% African American). An interaction between victimization and ethnic ingroup representation emerged only among Latino students. Latino youth victimized in the sixth grade, who attended a school with fewer same-ethnic peers, showed increases in negative seventh-grade climate perceptions and decreases in engagement. Our findings highlight that for Latino youth, ethnic ingroup representation is an important factor to consider when examining the school-related adjustment of victimized youth.
Information retrieval in physical geography
Authors: Tulowiecki Stephen J
Published: April 2018

Information retrieval (IR) methods seek to locate meaningful documents in large collections of textual and other data. Few studies apply these techniques to discover descriptions in historical documents for physical geography applications. This absence is noteworthy given the use of qualitative historical descriptions in physical geography and the amount of historical documentation online. This study, therefore, introduces an IR approach for finding meaningful and geographically resolved historical descriptions in large digital collections of historical documents. Presenting a biogeography application, it develops a ‘search engine’ using a boosted regression trees (BRT) model to assist in finding forest compositional descriptions (FCDs) based on textual features in a collection of county histories. The study then investigates whether FCDs corroborate existing estimates of relative abundances and spatial distributions of tree taxa from presettlement land survey records (PLSRs) and existing range maps. The BRT model is trained using portions of text from 458 US county histories. Evaluating the model’s performance upon a spatially independent test dataset, the model helps discover 97.5% of FCDs while reducing the amount of text to search through to 0.3% of total. The prevalence rank of taxa in FCDs (i.e. the number of times a taxon is mentioned at least once in an FCD, divided by the total number of FCDs, then ranked) is strongly related to the abundance rank in PLSRs. Patterns in species mentions from FCDs generally match relative abundance patterns from PLSRs. However, analyses suggest that FCDs contain biases towards large and economically valuable tree taxa and against smaller taxa. In the end, the study demonstrates the potential of IR approaches for developing novel datasets over large geographic areas, corroborating existing historical datasets, and providing spatial coverage of historic phenomena.
An oriented feature extraction and recognition approach for concave-convex mixed interacting features in cast-then-machined parts
Authors: Wang Haichao , Zhang Jie , Zhang Xiaolong , Ren Changwei , Wang Xiaoxi , Jin Yongqiao , Guo Jutao
Published: April 2018

Feature recognition is an important technology of computer-aided design/computer-aided engineering/computer-aided process planning/computer-aided manufacturing integration in cast-then-machined part manufacturing. Graph-based approach is one of the most popular feature recognition methods; however, it cannot still solve concave-convex mixed interacting feature recognition problem, which is a common problem in feature recognition of cast-then-machined parts. In this study, an oriented feature extraction and recognition approach is proposed for concave-convex mixed interacting features. The method first extracts predefined features directionally according to the rules generated from attributed adjacency graphs–based feature library and peels off them from part model layer by layer. Sub-features in an interacting feature are associated via hints and organized as a feature tree. The time cost is reduced to less than [Formula: see text] by eliminating subgraph isomorphism and matching operations. Oriented feature extraction and recognition approach recognizes non-freeform-surface features directionally regardless of the part structure. Hence, its application scope can be extended to multiple kinds of non-freeform-surface parts by customizing. Based on our findings, implementations on prismatic, plate, fork, axlebox, linkage, and cast-then-machined parts prove that the proposed approach is applicable on non-freeform-surface parts and effectively recognize concave-convex mixed interacting feature in various mechanical parts.
Analyzing carbon neutral growth and biofuel economic impact for 2017–2025: A case study based on Spanish carriers
Authors: López Lázaro Antonio , Pérez-Campuzano Darío , Benito Arturo , Alonso Gustavo
Published: April 2018

Aviation CO2 emissions are growing along with traffic growth and expected technological efficiency improvements are not enough to reduce this continuous increase. International organizations are concerned and are implementing incentive rules in order to reduce them. IATA has stated a carbon neutral growth of emissions from 2020 onward within its roadmap. This paper aims to analyze suitable measures that could help to reach this target and focuses on their impact on the finances of 15 varied Spanish airlines. With these goals, an estimation model is designed in order to carry out a forecast of the 2017–2025 Spanish air market. This is comprised by three submodels: (i) the traffic model estimates the annual performance for Spanish carriers in each of their routes, (ii) the biofuel model is in charge of estimating the biofuel prices, emissions and regulations (with special attention to mandatory blending percentage), and (iii) the operating cost model estimates the carrier’s expenses structure. Data from several sources (regarding 2016 traffic statistics and forecasts of growth and fuel prices to name but two) is gathered and merged in order to feed the model. Aggregated results show that an average 3% per year increase of mandatory blending percentage should be applied for a 2020 CNG in the base scenario. Regarding the different biofuel feedstocks investigated, Camelina’s performance presents a good compromise in respect to price, emissions, and production issues. A further study on the airline’s cost structure shows that differences in the operating model (legacy, low cost, etc.) and route configurations can lead to big differences in terms of impact of biofuels introduction on the total airline costs. This could indicate that perhaps the design of distance-specific financial schemes would be desirable. In addition, high sensitivity to changes in common fuel price and traffic growth is observed.
Human Multilineage-differentiating Stress-Enduring Cells Exert Pleiotropic Effects to Ameliorate Acute Lung Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model
Authors: Yabuki Hiroshi , Wakao Shohei , Kushida Yoshihiro , Dezawa Mari , Okada Yoshinori
Published: April 2018

Posttransplantation lung ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injuries affect both patient survival and graft function. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of infused human multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells, a novel, easily harvested type of nontumorigenic endogenous reparative stem cell, against acute IR lung injury in a rat model. After a 2-h warm IR injury induction in a left rat lung, human Muse cells, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and vehicle were injected via the left pulmonary artery after reperfusion. Functionality, histological findings, and protein expression were subsequently assessed in the injured lung. In vitro, we also compared human Muse cells with human MSCs in terms of migration abilities and the secretory properties of protective substances. The arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen ratio, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, left lung compliance, and histological injury score on hematoxylin–eosin sections were significantly better in the Muse group relative to the MSC and vehicle groups. Compared to MSCs, human Muse cells homed more efficiently to the injured lung, where they suppressed the apoptosis and stimulated proliferation of host alveolar cells. Human Muse cells also migrated to serum from lung-injured model rats and produced beneficial substances (keratinocyte growth factor [KGF], hepatocyte growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and prostaglandin E2) in vitro. Western blot of lung tissue confirmed high expression of KGF and their target molecules (interleukin-6, protein kinase B, and B-cell lymphoma-2) in the Muse group. Thus, Muse cells efficiently ameliorated lung IR injury via pleiotropic effects in a rat model. These findings support further investigation on the use of human Muse cells for lung IR injury.