bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International prognostic indices in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a comparison of IPI, R-IPI, and NCCN-IPI
Authors: Ruppert Amy S. , Dixon Jesse G. , Salles Gilles , Wall Anna , Cunningham David , Poeschel Viola , Haioun Corinne , Tilly Herve , Ghesquieres Herve , Ziepert Marita , Flament Jocelyne , Flowers Christopher , Shi Qian , Schmitz Norbert
Published: March 2020

Great heterogeneity in survival exists for patients newly diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Three scoring systems incorporating simple clinical parameters (age, lactate dehydrogenase, number/sites of involvement, stage, performance status) are widely used: the International Prognostic Index (IPI), revised IPI (R-IPI), and National Comprehensive Cancer Network IPI (NCCN-IPI). We evaluated 2124 DLBCL patients treated from 1998 to 2009 with frontline rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP; or variant) across 7 multicenter randomized clinical trials to determine which scoring system best discriminates overall survival (OS). Median age was 63 years, and 56% of patients were male. Five-year OS estimates ranged from 54% to 88%, from 61% to 93%, and from 49% to 92% using the IPI, R-IPI, and NCCN-IPI, respectively. The NCCN-IPI had the greatest absolute difference in OS estimates between the highest- and lowest-risk groups and best discriminated OS (concordance index = 0.632 vs 0.626 [IPI] vs 0.590 [R-IPI]). For each given IPI risk category, NCCN-IPI risk categories were significantly associated with OS (P ≤ .01); the reverse was not true, and the IPI did not provide additional significant prognostic information within all NCCN-IPI risk categories. Collectively, the NCCN-IPI outperformed the IPI and R-IPI. Patients with low-risk NCCN-IPI had favorable survival outcomes with little room for further improvement. In the rituximab era, none of the clinical risk scores identified a patient subgroup with long-term survival clearly <50%. Integrating molecular features of the tumor and microenvironment into the NCCN-IPI or IPI might better characterize a high-risk group for which novel treatment approaches are most needed.
Cerebrovascular disease: how serum phosphorus, vitamin D, and uric acid levels contribute to the ischemic stroke
Authors: Talebi Abolfazl , Amirabadizadeh Alireza , Nakhaee Samaneh , Ahmadi Zahra , Mousavi-Mirzaei Seyed Mohammad
Published: March 2020

Background

Associations between serum phosphorus level and the incidence of ischemic stroke are not clear. This study aimed to measure serum phosphorus, vitamin D3, and uric acid levels in ischemic stroke patients compared to a population without ischemic stroke.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 133 patients admitted to a neurology ward with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke were compared with a control group comprising 133 age- and gender-matching individuals. The presence of ischemic stroke was confirmed by a neurologist based on clinical signs, symptoms, brain CT scan, and MRI. Blood samples were taken from all patients in the first 24 h of admission to measure serum phosphorus, vitamin D3, calcium, and uric acid levels.

Results

According to the results of this study, uric acid medians in patients with stroke and controls were 4.9 [3.8–6.4] and 3.9 [3.5–4.9] mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.001). Median phosphorus and vitamin D levels were significantly lower in stroke patients than the controls (3.6 [3.02–4.21] vs. 4.2 [3.8–4.6]) and (15.1 [8.2–27.9] vs. 22.7 [10.4–39.2]), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the ischemic stroke was positively associated with the vitamin D level and negatively correlated with the uric acid level. The phosphorus level was not significantly predictive of ischemic stroke.

Conclusion

Lower serum levels of vitamin D3 and higher levels of uric acid were associated with ischemic stroke. There are still unknowns about the role of these indicators on ischemic stroke and it requires further studies.
Evaluation of the “license, master, doctorate” reform in medical school of University of Lomé (Togo): strengths and weaknesses
Authors: TECLESSOU Julienne Noudé , KPELAO Essossinam , SAKA Bayaki
Published: March 2020

Introduction

The License, Master and Doctorate (LMD) reform that structured high studies in three cycles, has been instituted since the Bologna declaration in 1999. To be conformed to international standards, the LMD system has been instituted in University of Lomé in 2009 to foster pathways between medical and paramedical training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the LMD reform since its introduction in medical school of Lomé.

Method

It was an opinion survey conducted during four months in University of Lomé among the medical school’s teachers about strengths and weaknesses of LMD reform since its application. The strengths were defined as all facilities brought by LMD reform in organization of courses and practices, evaluations, new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) (internet, video projector, courses on line). The LMD weaknesses were defined as any problem that it could generate.

Results

Of 113 resident teachers of the medical school of Lomé, seventy-six have completed the questionnaire (67.2%). The majority of teachers (74) thought that the introduction of LMD reform will make Lomé medical school fit into international standards. The availability of the video projectors was mentioned by 90.8% of the teachers and 82.9% of them used it for teaching. Online course was not available. The main strengths of LMD were: a better evaluation system (33.3%), the organization of training in units with credit (28.6%), the usage of new ICTs (23.8%). Respondents also reported many weaknesses of LMD reform: the plethoric number of students (36.2%), the absence of an intermediate diploma and pathways between studies (29.3%). The Insufficiency of human resources and material was also mentioned.

Conclusion

This study highlights that LMD reform needs adaptation to local realities and improvement to ensure that students will get better training in conformity with international standards.
Optimising strategies to address mental ill-health in doctors and medical students: ‘Care Under Pressure’ realist review and implementation guidance
Authors: Carrieri Daniele , Mattick Karen , Pearson Mark , Papoutsi Chrysanthi , Briscoe Simon , Wong Geoff , Jackson Mark
Published: March 2020

Background

Mental ill-health in health professionals, including doctors, is a global and growing concern. The existing literature on interventions that offer support, advice and/or treatment to sick doctors has not yet been synthesised in a way that considers the complexity and heterogeneity of the interventions, and the many dimensions of the problem. We (1) reviewed interventions to tackle doctors’ and medical students’ mental ill-health and its impacts on the clinical workforce and patient care—drawing on diverse literature sources and engaging iteratively with diverse stakeholder perspectives—and (2) produced recommendations that support the tailoring, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of contextually sensitive strategies to tackle mental ill-health and its impacts.

Methods

Realist literature review consistent with the RAMESES quality and reporting standards. Sources for inclusion were identified through bibliographic database searches supplemented by purposive searches—resulting also from engagement with stakeholders. Data were extracted from included articles and subjected to realist analysis to identify (i) mechanisms causing mental ill-health in doctors and medical students and relevant contexts or circumstances when these mechanisms were likely to be ‘triggered’ and (ii) ‘guiding principles’ and features underpinning the interventions and recommendations discussed mostly in policy document, reviews and commentaries.

Results

One hundred seventy-nine records were included. Most were from the USA (45%) and were published since 2009 (74%). The analysis showed that doctors were more likely to experience mental ill-health when they felt isolated or unable to do their job and when they feared repercussions of help-seeking. Healthy staff were necessary for excellent patient care. Interventions emphasising relationships and belonging were more likely to promote wellbeing. Interventions creating a people-focussed working culture, balancing positive/negative performance and acknowledging positive/negative aspects of a medical career helped doctors to thrive. The way that interventions were implemented seemed critically important. Doctors and medical students needed to have confidence in an intervention for the intervention to be effective.

Conclusions

Successful interventions to tackle doctors’ and students’ mental ill-health are likely to be multidimensional and multilevel and involve multiple stakeholders. Evaluating and improving existing interventions is likely to be more effective than developing new ones. Our evidence synthesis provides a basis on which to do this.

Study registration

PROSPERO CRD42017069870. Research project webpage http://sites.exeter.ac.uk/cup/
Retinopathy predicts stroke but not myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II
Authors: Drinkwater Jocelyn J. , Davis Timothy M. E. , Hellbusch Valentina , Turner Angus W. , Bruce David G. , Davis Wendy A.
Published: March 2020

Background

Microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but most relevant studies were performed > 10 years ago. CVD risk factor management has since improved. The aim of this study was to determine whether diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its severity increases stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) risk in a contemporary cohort.

Methods

Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II participants with T2D had DR graded from fundus photography at baseline between 2008 and 2011. Subsequent hospitalizations and mortality for MI or stroke were ascertained through validated data linkage to end-2016. Cox regression modelling identified predictors of first stroke and MI including DR presence and severity.

Results

The 1521 participants with T2D and known DR status (mean age 65.6 years, 52.1% males, median diabetes duration 9.0 years) were followed for a mean of 6.6 years. After excluding those with prior MI/stroke, there were 126 incident MIs among 1393 eligible participants and 53 incident strokes in 1473 eligible participants, respectively. Moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR) or worse was significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of incident stroke (adjusted hazard ratio 2.55 (95% CI 1.19, 5.47), p = 0.016). Retinopathy presence and severity increased the risk of incident MI in unadjusted models (p ≤ 0.001), but these associations were no longer statistically significant after adjusting for other risk factors.

Conclusions

Moderate NPDR or worse was associated with an increased risk of first stroke in Australians with T2D. Intensified CVD risk factor management should be considered for patients with at least moderate NPDR.
Cardiac magnetic resonance for asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular high risk (CATCH): a pilot study
Authors: Ng Ming-Yen , Zhou Wenli , Vardhanabhuti Varut , Lee Chi-Ho , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Chan Kit , Yan Andrew T. , Ip Tai-Pang , Yiu Kai-Hang , Wintersperger Bernd J.
Published: March 2020

Background

Stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to screen for silent myocardial ischaemia in asymptomatic high risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has never been performed, and its effectiveness is unknown. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of a screening programme using stress CMR by obtaining preliminary data on the prevalence of silent ischaemia caused by obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and quantify myocardial perfusion in asymptomatic high risk patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 63 asymptomatic DM patients (mean age 66 years ± 4.4 years; 77.8% male); with Framingham risk score ≥ 20% from 3 sites from June 2017 to August 2018. Normal volunteers were recruited to determine normal global myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI). Adenosine stress CMR and global MPRI was performed and measured in all subjects. Positive stress CMR cases were referred for catheter coronary angiography (CCA) with/without fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements. Positive CCA was defined as an FFR ≤ 0.8 or coronary narrowing ≥ 70%. Patients were followed up for major adverse cardiovascular events. Prevalence is presented as patient numbers and percentage. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare global MPRI between patients and normal volunteers.

Results

13 patients had positive stress CMR with positive CCA (20.6% of patient population), while 9 patients with positive stress CMR examinations had a negative CCA. 5 patients (7.9%) had infarcts detected of which 2 patients had no stress perfusion defects. 12 patients had coronary artery stents inserted, whilst 1 patient declined stent placement. DM patients had lower global MPRI than normal volunteers (n = 7) (1.43 ± 0.27 vs 1.83 ± 0.31 respectively; p < 0.01). After a median follow-up of 653 days, there was no death, heart failure, acute coronary syndrome hospitalisation or stroke.

Conclusion

20.6% of asymptomatic DM patients (with Framingham risk ≥ 20%) had silent obstructive CAD. Furthermore, asymptomatic patients have reduced global MPRI than normal volunteers.

Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT03263728 on 28th August 2017;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03263728.
Elecsys CSF biomarker immunoassays demonstrate concordance with amyloid-PET imaging
Authors:   the AIBL Research Group, Doecke James D. , Ward Larry , Burnham Samantha C. , Villemagne Victor L. , Li Qiao-Xin , Collins Steven , Fowler Christopher J. , Manuilova Ekaterina , Widmann Monika , Rainey-Smith Stephanie R. , Martins Ralph N. , Masters Colin L.
Published: March 2020

Background

β-amyloid (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is currently the only Food and Drug Administration-approved method to support clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, numerous research studies support the use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, as a cost-efficient, quick and equally valid method to define AD pathology.

Methods

Using automated Elecsys® assays (Roche Diagnostics) for Aβ (1–42) (Aβ42), Aβ (1–40) (Aβ40), total tau (tTau) and phosphorylated tau (181P) (pTau), we examined CSF samples from 202 participants of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of ageing cohort, to demonstrate the concordance with pathological AD via PET imaging.

Results

Ratios Aβ42/Aβ40, tTau/Aβ42 and pTau/Aβ42 had higher receiver operator characteristic—area under the curve (all 0.94), and greater concordance with Aβ-PET (overall percentage agreement ~ 90%), compared with individual biomarkers.

Conclusion

Strong concordance between CSF biomarkers and Aβ-PET status was observed overall, including for cognitively normal participants, further strengthening the association between these markers of AD neuropathological burden for both developmental research studies and for use in clinical trials.
Epithelial differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) undergoing three-dimensional (3D) cultivation with collagen sponge scaffold (CSS) via an indirect co-culture strategy
Authors: Li Minxiong , Ma Jun , Gao Yanbin , Dong Mengru , Zheng Zijun , Li Yuchen , Tan Rongwei , She Zhending , Yang Lei
Published: March 2020

Background

Three-dimensional (3D) cultivation with biomaterials was proposed to facilitate stem cell epithelial differentiation for wound healing. However, whether human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) on collagen sponge scaffold (CSS) better differentiate to keratinocytes remains unclear.

Methods

3D cultivation with CSS on hASC epidermal differentiation co-cultured with HaCaT cells at air-liquid interface (ALI) was compared with two-dimensional (2D) form and cultivation without “co-culture” or “ALI.” Cellular morphology, cell adhesion, and growth condition were evaluated, followed by the protein and gene expression of keratin 14 (K14, keratinocyte specific marker).

Results

Typical cobblestone morphology of keratinocytes was remarkably observed in co-cultured hASCs at ALI, but those seeded on the CSS exhibited more keratinocyte-like cells under an invert microscope and scanning electron microscope. Desired cell adhesion and proliferation were confirmed in 3D differentiation groups by rhodamine-labeled phalloidin staining, consistent with H&E staining. Compared with those cultured in 2D culture system or without “ALI,” immunofluorescence staining and gene expression analysis revealed hASCs co-cultured over CSS expressed K14 at higher levels at day 15.

Conclusions

CSS is positive to promote epithelial differentiation of hASCs, which will foster a deeper understanding of artificial dermis in skin wound healing and regeneration.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression differences between two peach cultivars under saline-alkaline stress
Authors: Sun Shuxia , Song Haiyan , Li Jing , Chen Dong , Tu Meiyan , Jiang Guoliang , Yu Guoqing , Zhou Zhiqin
Published: March 2020

Background

Saline-alkaline stress is a major abiotic stress that is harmful to plant growth worldwide. Two peach cultivars (GF677 and Maotao) display distinct phenotypes under saline-alkaline stress. The molecular mechanism explaining the differences between the two cultivars is still unclear.

Results

In the present study, we systematically analysed the changes in GF677 and Maotao leaves upon saline-alkaline stress by using cytological and biochemical technologies as well as comparative transcriptome analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed that the structure of granum was dispersive in Maotao chloroplasts. The biochemical analysis revealed that POD activity and the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, as well as iron, were notably decreased in Maotao. Comparative transcriptome analysis detected 881 genes with differential expression (including 294 upregulated and 587 downregulated) under the criteria of |log2 Ratio| ≥ 1 and FDR ≤0.01. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were grouped into 30 groups. MapMan annotation of DEGs showed that photosynthesis, antioxidation, ion metabolism, and WRKY TF were activated in GF677, while cell wall degradation, secondary metabolism, starch degradation, MYB TF, and bHLH TF were activated in Maotao. Several iron and stress-related TFs (ppa024966m, ppa010295m, ppa0271826m, ppa002645m, ppa010846m, ppa009439m, ppa008846m, and ppa007708m) were further discussed from a functional perspective based on the phylogenetic tree integration of other species homologues.

Conclusions

According to the cytological and molecular differences between the two cultivars, we suggest that the integrity of chloroplast structure and the activation of photosynthesis as well as stress-related genes are crucial for saline-alkaline resistance in GF677. The results presented in this report provide a theoretical basis for cloning saline-alkaline tolerance genes and molecular breeding to improve saline-alkaline tolerance in peach.
A competitive analysis of port of Hong Kong: from external to internal
Authors: Liu Zihua , Yang Dong , Ng Y. N. Eppie
Published: March 2020

This paper aims to analyse the competitive equilibrium of Hong Kong international port after the cooperation among terminal operators. To achieve our research objective, a comprehensive analysis framework is proposed. We assume that the port services provided by Shenzhen and Hong Kong have heterogeneity, thus apply Cournot price competition model to understand the external competition. We find that the heterogeneity level can affect the demand of Hong Kong international port. For different heterogeneity levels, different competitive equilibriums among terminal operators of Hong Kong are discussed. We further apply Edgeworth model and Stackelberg Leadership Model to describe the internal competition of Hong Kong international port. Based on analysis, some recommendations are provided to the terminal operators of Hong Kong.
Rhabdomyosarcoma with an intratumoral adult type rhabdomyoma nodule with focal neuronal differentiation - diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of a rare disease
Authors: Santana Suelen Cunha , Prado Filip Messias Santana , de Oliveira Leal Marcos Lima , Athanazio Paulo , Athanazio Daniel Abensur
Published: March 2020

Rhabdomyosarcomas with areas reminiscent of adult type rhabdomyoma are rare and almost exclusive of pretreated tumors. We present a case of 17-year-old patient who sought medical assistance due to a right painless paratesticular mass. At gross examination, the paratesticular mass was a 5 cm tumor (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma) with a discrete 2.0 cm grayish nodule at the periphery. At microscopy, smaller nodule showed large eosinophilic granular cells suggestive of adult type rhabdomyoma. These cells were strongly and diffusely positive for desmin and multifocally positive for myogenin. Focal neuronal and neural differentiations (NSE and GFAP expression) were also detected. Awareness of benign appearing intratumoral rhabdomyoma in rhabdomyosarcomas of paratestis/retroperitonium is of relevance. Such tumor heterogeneity may be a diagnostic pitfall especially in the scenario of needle biopsies and frozen section consultation.
Association between miR-196a2 polymorphism and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Egyptian population
Authors: Gawish Eman Ahmed , Abu-Raia Gamal Yousef , Osheba Iman , Sabry Aliaa , Allam Esraa
Published: March 2020

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small (17–25 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that are overexpressed in many human cancers including HCC. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the role of miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism in the development of HCC. A total of 200 subjects, including 80 HCC patients, 60 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 60 healthy controls were selected. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was taken to determine miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism.

Results

The genotype distribution of the TC and CC, TC + CC genotypes, and the C allele were significantly higher in HCC patients than control and cirrhotic groups (P = 0.02, P = 0.005, and P = 0.003, respectively). Compared with the wild-type TT genotype, both the variant TC, CC, TC + CC genotypes were associated with an elevated risk of HCC (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.27–6.04), (OR = 4.94, 95% CI = 1.74–14.07), (OR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.55–6.78) respectively. Moreover, the C allele was correlated with an increased risk of HCC (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.40–3.76) compared to the wide-type T allele. Also, there is no significant correlation between the different miR-196a2 genotypes and either the clinico-pathologic features of HCC or its aggressiveness.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of HCC in the Egyptian population.
Short-term High-fat Overfeeding Does Not Induce NF-κB Inflammatory Signaling in Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Dewhurst-Trigg Rebecca , Wadley Alex J , Woods Rachel M , Sherar Lauren B , Bishop Nicolette C , Hulston Carl J , Markey Oonagh
Published: March 2020

Context

It is unclear how white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammatory signaling proteins respond during the early stages of overnutrition.

Objective

To investigate the effect of short-term, high-fat overfeeding on fasting abdominal subcutaneous WAT total content and phosphorylation of proteins involved in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inflammatory signaling, systemic metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers.

Design

Individuals consumed a high-fat (65% total energy from total fat), high-energy (50% above estimated energy requirements) diet for 7 days.

Results

Fifteen participants (aged 27 ± 1 years; body mass index 24.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2) completed the study. Body mass increased following high-fat overfeeding (+1.2 ± 0.2 kg; P < 0.0001). However, total content and phosphorylation of proteins involved in NF-κB inflammatory signaling were unchanged following the intervention. Fasting serum glucose (+0.2 ± 0.0 mmol/L), total cholesterol (+0.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+0.3 ± 0.1 mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+0.2 ± 0.0 mmol/L), and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP; +4.7 ± 2.1 µg/mL) increased, whereas triacylglycerol concentrations (−0.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L) decreased following overfeeding (all P < 0.05). Systemic biomarkers (insulin, soluble cluster of differentiation 14 [CD14], C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and the proportion and concentration of circulating CD14+ monocytes were unaffected by overfeeding.

Conclusion

Acute lipid oversupply did not impact on total content or phosphorylation of proteins involved in WAT NF-κB inflammatory signaling, despite modest weight gain and metabolic alterations. Systemic LBP, which is implicated in the progression of low-grade inflammation during the development of obesity, increased in response to a 7-day high-fat overfeeding period.
The New Tools of Monetary Policy
Authors: Bernanke Ben S.
Published: March 2020

To overcome the limits on traditional monetary policy imposed by the effective lower bound on short-term interest rates, in recent years the Federal Reserve and other advanced-economy central banks have deployed new policy tools. This lecture reviews what we know about the new monetary tools, focusing on quantitative easing (QE) and forward guidance, the principal new tools used by the Fed. I argue that the new tools have proven effective at easing financial conditions when policy rates are constrained by the lower bound, even when financial markets are functioning normally, and that they can be made even more effective in the future. Accordingly, the new tools should become part of the standard central bank toolkit. Simulations of the Fed’s FRB/US model suggest that, if the nominal neutral interest rate is in the range of 2–3 percent, consistent with most estimates for the United States, then a combination of QE and forward guidance can provide the equivalent of roughly 3 percentage points of policy space, largely offsetting the effects of the lower bound. If the neutral rate is much lower, however, then overcoming the effects of the lower bound may require additional measures, such as a moderate increase in the inflation target or greater reliance on fiscal policy for economic stabilization. (JEL D78, E31, E43, E52, E58, E62)
The Effects of Income Transparency on Well-Being: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Perez-Truglia Ricardo
Published: March 2020

In 2001, Norwegian tax records became easily accessible online, allowing everyone in the country to observe the incomes of everyone else. According to the income comparisons model, this change in transparency can widen the gap in well-being between richer and poorer individuals. Using survey data from 1985–2013 and multiple identification strategies, we show that the higher transparency increased the gap in happiness between richer and poorer individuals by 29 percent, and it increased the life satisfaction gap by 21 percent. We provide back-of-the-envelope estimates of the importance of income comparisons, and discuss implications for the ongoing debate on transparency policies. (JEL D31, H24, I31, K34)
Industrial Espionage and Productivity
Authors: Glitz Albrecht , Meyersson Erik
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we investigate the economic returns to industrial espionage. We show that the flow of information provided by East German informants in the West over the period 1970–1989 led to a significant narrowing of sectoral TFP gaps between West and East Germany. These economic returns were primarily driven by relatively few high-quality pieces of information and particularly large in sectors closer to the West German technological frontier. Our findings suggest that the East-to-West German TFP ratio would have been 13.3 percent lower at the end of the Cold War had East Germany not engaged in industrial espionage in the West. (JEL L16, N44, O33, O38, O47, P24)
One-year test-retest reliability of ten vision tests in Canadian athletes
Authors: Aloosh Mehdi , Leclerc Suzanne , Long Stephanie , Zhong Guowei , Brophy James M. , Schuster Tibor , Steele Russell , Shrier Ian
Published: March 2020

Background: Vision tests are increasingly being suggested for use in concussion management and baseline testing. Concussions, however, often occur months after baseline testing and reliability studies generally examine intervals limited to days or one week. Therefore, our objective was to determine the one-year test-retest reliability of these tests.

Methods: We assessed one-year test-retest reliability of ten vision tests in elite Canadian athletes followed by the Institut National du Sport du Quebec. We included athletes who completed two baseline (preseason) annual evaluations by one clinician within 365±30 days. We excluded athletes with any concussion or vision training in between the annual evaluations or presented with any factor that is believed to affect the tests (e.g. migraines, etc.). Data were collected from clinical charts. We evaluated test-retest reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA).

Results: We examined nine female and seven male athletes with a mean age of 22.7 (SD 4.5) years. Among the vision tests, we observed excellent test-retest reliability in Positive Fusional Vergence at 30cm (ICC=0.93) but this dropped to 0.55 when an outlier was excluded in a sensitivity analysis. There was good to moderate reliability in Negative Fusional Vergence at 30cm (ICC=0.78), Phoria at 30cm (ICC=0.68), Near Point of Convergence break (ICC=0.65) and Saccade (ICC=0.56). The ICC for Positive Fusional Vergence at 3m (ICC=0.56) also decreased to 0.21 after removing one outlier. We found poor reliability in Near Point of Convergence (ICC=0.47), Gross Stereoscopic Acuity (ICC=0.03) and Negative Fusional Vergence at 3m (ICC=0.0). ICC for Phoria at 3m was not appropriate because scores were identical in 14/16 athletes. 95% LoA of the majority of tests were ±40% to ±90%.

Conclusions: Four tests had moderate one-year test-retest reliability. The remaining tests had poor reliability. The tests would therefore be useful only if concussion has a moderate-large effect on scores.
the philosophical baby and socratic orality
Authors: Consentino Antonio
Published: March 2020

Lipman’s curriculum of “Philosophy for Children” was the outcome of a harmonious and fruitful partnership between philosophy and pedagogy, but over the time practice shows the risk of a double fall and reduction: on the one side into the ditch of pedagese and, on the other, into the ditch of philosofese. Using the expression “Philosophical Practice of Community” (PPC) instead of “Philosophy for children” (P4C) appears preferable to protect the latter from the risk of being considered, because of its evocative vagueness, both a sort of toy-philosophy, and a kind of pedagogical device suitable for all purposes. Set out in terms of PPC, the project of doing philosophy with children becomes part of a broader field of research concerning each of the three components (“philosophical”, “practice”, and “community”) and their relationships. If ideas are not clear about what “philosophical” means, the risk is that philosophy can be assimilated to other approaches and used as general as empty label. Among the many questions that a PPC puts on the table, I’ll try to frame three of them: 1) Is it necessary to know the philosophical tradition to practice philosophy with children? 2) Who are the philosophers?  3) How to revitalize the Socratic orality?
Avaliação do consumo alimentar de crianças entre 6 e 24 meses usuárias de uma unidade básica da atenção primária à saúde de Macaé, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Latorre Caroline Gomes , Rocha Camilla Medeiros Macedo da , Bouskelá Alice , Monteiro Luana Silva , Sperandio Naiara , Viana Marcia Regina , Capelli Jane de Carlos Santana
Published: March 2020

O estudo visa descrever a prevalência do consumo alimentar de crianças entre 6-24 meses usuárias de uma unidade básica de saúde (UBS). Realizou-se estudo descritivo de base primária, com crianças entre 6-24 meses, usuárias de uma UBS do município de Macaé-RJ, entre outubro de 2016 e fevereiro de 2017. Foi utilizado o formulário “Marcadores de Consumo Alimentar”, proposto pela Coordenação-Geral de Alimentação e Nutrição (CGAN), em contribuição ao Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan). Utilizou-se a prevalência igual ou superior a 80,0%, recomendada pelo Ministério da Saúde para os indicadores de alimentação saudável. Foram analisados dados de 33 crianças, correspondendo a 78,6% do total das crianças usuárias da UBS, na faixa etária avaliada. Ao analisar os indicadores alimentares, observou-se que as crianças entre 6-12 meses não atingiram a meta de 80,0% para o consumo de frutas, legumes, verduras de folha, carnes ou ovo. Em contrapartida, as crianças entre 12-24 meses apresentaram prevalências acima da meta para o consumo de frutas e carnes ou ovo. A metade das crianças entre 6-12 meses consumiu uma vez comida de sal; e a maioria das crianças acima de 12 meses a consumiu duas vezes. Em ambas faixas etárias, houve maior consumo de alimentos em pedaços, com significância estatística apenas para aquelas acima de 12 meses. Conclui-se que as crianças entre 12-24 meses atingiram a meta do Ministério da Saúde para o consumo de frutas e carnes ou ovo.
AS MÍDIAS NO COTIDIANO DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NA PERSPECTIVA DOS ACADÊMICOS DO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Cruz Dulce Márcia , Fontana Klalter Bez , Ventura Lidnei
Published: March 2020

O artigo está baseado em uma pesquisa exploratória desenvolvida no 4º e 5º semestre do curso de Pedagogia a Distância da UDESC. A investigação teve como objetivo problematizar como as mídias aparecem no contexto da educação infantil, qual a percepção dos acadêmicos sobre elas e quais as possibilidades de uso nesse contexto. Para compreensão do fenômeno, lançou-se mão de dois instrumentos de coleta de dados: Roteiro de Observação e Projeto de Intervenção Docente. Os resultados apontam que as mídias ainda são vistas e utilizadas como recursos didáticos, mas não alinhadas à perspectiva da mídia-educação, tornando essencial o debate sobre tais questões no processo formativo docente, em especial, na formação inicial de educadores.
The interobserver reliability of the diagnosis and classification of scaphoid fractures using high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT
Authors: Daniels Anne M. , Wyers Caroline E. , Janzing Heinrich M. J. , Sassen Sander , Loeffen Daan , Kaarsemaker Sjoerd , van Rietbergen Bert , Hannemann Pascal F. W. , Poeze Martijn , van den Bergh Joop P.
Published: March 2020

Aims

Besides conventional radiographs, the use of MRI, CT, and bone scintigraphy is frequent in the diagnosis of a fracture of the scaphoid. However, which techniques give the best results remain unknown. The investigation of a new imaging technique initially requires an analysis of its precision. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the interobserver agreement of high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT) in the diagnosis of a scaphoid fracture. A secondary aim was to investigate the interobserver agreement for the presence of other fractures and for the classification of scaphoid fracture.

Methods

Two radiologists and two orthopaedic trauma surgeons evaluated HR-pQCT scans of 31 patients with a clinically-suspected scaphoid fracture. The observers were asked to determine the presence of a scaphoid or other fracture and to classify the scaphoid fracture based on the Herbert classification system. Fleiss kappa statistics were used to calculate the interobserver agreement for the diagnosis of a fracture. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the agreement for the classification of scaphoid fracture.

Results

A total of nine (29%) scaphoid fractures and 12 (39%) other fractures were diagnosed in 20 patients (65%) using HR-pQCT across the four observers. The interobserver agreement was 91% for the identification of a scaphoid fracture (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76 to 1.00) and 80% for other fractures (95% CI 0.72 to 0.87). The mean ICC for the classification of a scaphoid fracture in the seven patients diagnosed with scaphoid fracture by all four observers was 73% (95% CI 0.42 to 0.94).

Conclusion

We conclude that the diagnosis of scaphoid and other fractures is reliable when using HR-pQCT in patients with a clinically-suspected fracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):478–484.
Acetabular revision using a dual mobility cup as treatment for dislocation in Charnley total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Hoggett Lee , Cross Charlotte , Helm Anthony
Published: March 2020

Aims

Dislocation remains a significant complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA), being the third leading indication for revision. We present a series of acetabular revision using a dual mobility cup (DMC) and compare this with our previous series using the posterior lip augmentation device (PLAD).

Methods

A retrospective review of patients treated with either a DMC or PLAD for dislocation in patients with a Charnley THA was performed. They were identified using electronic patient records (EPR). EPR data and radiographs were evaluated to determine operating time, length of stay, and the incidence of complications and recurrent dislocation postoperatively.

Results

A total of 28 patients underwent revision using a DMC for dislocation following Charnley THA between 2013 and 2017. The rate of recurrent dislocation and overall complications were compared with those of a previous series of 54 patients who underwent revision for dislocation using a PLAD, between 2007 and 2013. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean distribution of sex or age between the groups. The mean operating time was 71 mins (45 to 113) for DMCs and 43 mins (21 to 84) for PLADs (p = 0.001). There were no redislocations or revisions in the DMC group at a mean follow-up of 55 months (21 to 76), compared with our previous series of PLAD which had a redislocation rate of 16% (n = 9) and an overall revision rate of 25% (n = 14, p = 0.001) at a mean follow-up of 86 months (45 to 128).

Conclusion

These results indicate that DMC outperforms PLAD as a treatment for dislocation in patients with a Charnley THA. This should therefore be the preferred form of treatment for these patients despite a slightly longer operating time. Work is currently ongoing to review outcomes of DMC over a longer follow-up period. PLAD should be used with caution in this patient group with preference given to acetabular revision to DMC. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(4):423–425.
The egg characteristics of malon broiler, Japanese quails and their cross
Authors: Sujana Endang Sujana , ASEP ANANG  , IWAN SETIAWAN  , TUTI Widjastuti
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Sujana E, Anang A, Setiawan I, Widjastuti. 2020. The egg characteristics of malon broiler, Japanese quails and their cross. Biodiversitas 21: 889-895. Research on evaluation of the characteristics of Malon broiler and Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs and on the crossbreeding between the two has been implemented in the Quail Breeding Center, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to know and evaluate the characteristics of Malon broiler and Japanese quails eggs and the crossbreeding between the two. The research used experimental method with complete random draft consisting of 4 treatments with six repeats, with each replay unit consisting of 10 grains so that the total of incubator eggs used are 240 grains. The treatment used was the breeding or marriage of Malon broiler quail ♂ x Malon broiler quail ♀ (MM), selected Japanese quail ♂ x selected Japanese quail ♀ (JJ), Malon broiler quail ♂ x selected Japanese quail ♀ (MJ), and Japanese selected quail ♂ x Malon broiler quail ♀ (JM). Statistical analysis was conducted using GLM (General Linear Model) with test Duncan using SAS application programs. The observed parts are egg weight, egg shape or Shape Index (SI), specific gravity (SG), and eggshell thickness. The results showed a noticeable difference in those parts. Further research results showed that the best quality of egg incubator comes from the crossbreeding of Malon broiler quail ♂ x selected Japanese quail ♀(MJ), which is good for breeding quails.
Physical and chemical characteristic of stem starch and sheath flour from oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis)
Authors: Yusra Syarifah , Pranoto Yudi , Anwar Chairil , Hidayat Chusnul
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Yusra S, Hidayat C, Pranoto Y, Anwar C. 2020. Physical and chemical characteristics of stem starch and sheath flour from oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis). Biodiversitas 21: 896-902. Replanting old oil palm plantation with a new plant produces a large volume of cleared trees. Yet, the utilization of these by-products is still limited. The objective of this research was to explore and characterize the physicochemical properties of the oil palm stem starch (SS) and sheath flour (SF). SF and SS were extracted by a wet extraction method. Results showed that starch contents of SS and SF (after three times of washing) were 95.56±0.01% and 37.03 ± 0.72%, respectively. Amylose and amylopectin contents of SS were higher than that of sheath starch. Besides, SF contained high protein (19.28% db) and lipid (9.27% db). Protein was also confirmed by FTIR analysis. SF also contained polyphenol. The starch granular was smooth with a clean surface. The granules of SF are classified as very small granules (2-5 µm) while those of SS as small to medium granules (5-25 µm). Polymorph analysis showed that SF and SS had a type-C and B-type, respectively. SF did not have pasting temperature due to the presence of lipid, protein, and polyphenol. Washing of the flour with water decreased protein, lipid and ash contents. It resulted in a decrease in yield about 1.8 times. SS has a pasting temperature of about 71.55°C. Paste viscosity reached a maximum of about 5707 cps. In conclusion, SS that had high viscosity may be used as a thickener and SF may be used for a source of the modified starch to produce such as dextrin and glucose syrup.
Temporal overlap of carnivorous mammal community and their prey in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand
Authors: Sukmasuang Ronglarp , Charaspet Khwanrutai , REONTIK JITTIMA , Pla-ard MANANYA
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Sukmasuang R, Charaspet K, Reontik J, Pla-ard M. 2020. Temporal overlap of carnivorous mammal community and their prey in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife sanctuary, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 21: 922-932. This study on the temporal overlap of the carnivorous community and their prey in Khao Ang Rue Nai Wildlife Sanctuary was conducted from March 2017 to February 2018. Camera traps were deployed systematically with a total of 4,463 trap nights. Fourteen carnivorous mammals were recorded, which were mainly present at night, with the exception of the dhole, small Indian mongoose, crab-eating mongoose, and yellow-throated marten. The clouded leopard's presence overlapped between day and night. Using the average coefficient overlap(Δ) between a carnivore, and the other carnivorous species, the leopard cat was found to have the highest Δ value, followed by the hog badger, Asiatic jackal, small Indian civet, Asian palm civet, large Indian civet, large spotted civet, Asiatic black bear, dhole, Malayan sun bear, yellow-throated marten, small Indian mongoose, crab-eating mongoose, and clouded leopard. The potential prey species that had the highest Δwith the carnivorous species, was the Siamese hare. This study shows the importance of preserving the carnivorous community within the area. An important threat is a likelihood that carnivorous species in the area may be exposed to external diseases from infected domestic animals when coming out to hunt in the communities surrounding the protected area.
Molecular identification of amylase-producing thermophilic bacteria isolated from Bukit Gadang Hot Spring, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Ardhi Aulia , Nadenggan Sidauruk Arina , Suraya Nabella , Wahyu Pratiwi Nova , Pato Usman , Saryono
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Ardhi A, Sidauruk AN, Suraya N, Pratiwi NW, Pato U, Saryono. 2020. Molecular identification of amylase-producing thermophilic bacteria isolated from Bukit Gadang Hot Spring, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 994-1000.  Amylase is one of the hydrolytic enzymes that is widely used in a wide number of industrial processes such as food, fermentation, textile, paper, detergent, and pharmaceutical industries. Amylase produced by thermophilic bacteria may be thermostable, which is very beneficial in several applications requiring high temperature, for example, the process of gelatinization, liquefaction, and saccharification are performed in high temperature involved in the starch processing. In this study, the amylase-producing ability of thermophilic bacteria isolated from Bukit Gadang hot spring, West Sumatra, Indonesia, was checked and followed by molecular identification. Thirteen isolates that were successfully isolated from the hot springs were microscopically and macroscopically characterized, biochemically tested, and determined their amylase enzyme activity both qualitatively and quantitatively. The isolate that performed the best amylase activity was identified using the molecular technique. The DNA sequencing was carried out in 16S rRNA and continued with BLAST search for species identification. The result of molecular identification showed that the isolate with the best amylase activity was identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The optimum amylase production  (231.33 U/ml)  and the best enzyme-specific activity  (101.79 U/mg) were obtained at the incubation time of 36 hours.