bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Man in Language and Culture (Based on the Results of the Work of the I International Conference "The Language of Culture and the Culture of Language")
Authors: Sirotkina Tat`yana Aleksandrovna
Published: June 2023

The I International Conference "The Language of Culture and the Culture of Language" demonstrates the genuine interest of modern researchers in the problems of the relationship and interaction of language and culture. On the one hand, language preserves the traditional cultural values of the ethnos, and on the other hand, the reflection of the realities of everyday life. Language is a universal mechanism for the accumulation and representation of cultural memory, as a dynamically developing system that actively implements its functional capabilities in various genres of speech communication, in various discursive practices of modern society. The resolution following the results of the conference notes its importance both for the preservation of national languages in the modern world and for the development of the speech culture of students and schoolchildren. The results of scientific research presented at the conference by its participants are recommended for implementation in the educational process by Russian universities and universities of the countries participating in the conference.
Hadis Akhlak dan Filsafat Etika Taha Abdurrahman: Kritik Modernitas dan Tawaran Alternatif
Authors: Nurul Ihsannudin
Published: June 2023

The rate of development of science and information technology experienced by humans, more or less, leads them to rapid and instant life changes. Modernity with all the conveniences offered in it has an impact on humans, both positive and negative. However, modernity dissolves humans in conditions of social, economic and political inequality. Colonialism and imperialism are part of the many consequences of modernity. Seeing the phenomenon of life, Taha Abdurrahman, a Muslim thinker and philosopher from Morocco, conducted an in-depth study of the issue of modernity and modern human behavior with the provisions of the hadith akhlak that was said by the Prophet Muhammad. So this study tries to reveal (a) how relevant the hadith akhlak and ethical philosophy of Taha Abdurrahma; (b) what are the criticisms conveyed by Taha on the reality of modernity; and (c) what alternative offers for modernity according to Taha. This library research finds that there is a relevance and strong role of the hadith akhlak on the ethical philosophy of Taha. He critiqued the rationalism on which Western modernity was based. He also offers a spirit of modernity which is based on al-rusyd, al-naqdī and al-syumūl.
Keywords :  Ethics, Hadith Akhlak, Modernity Criticism, Taha Abdurrahman.
سازمانی ئینقلابی و ڕەوتی چەپی نوێ لە باشوری کوردستان (١٩٦٨– ١٩٧٠)
Authors: سعید اسماعیل عبد الرحمن
Published: June 2023

جیهان لە دەیەی شەستی سەدەی ڕابردوودا شاهیدی دەیان بزووتنەوە و ڕاپەڕین بوو، کە هەڵگری تایبەتمەندیی ڕزگاریخوازی لەدژی کۆلۆنیالیزم، ئازادیخوازانە لە بەرامبەر دیکتاتۆری و پاوانخوازی و یەکسانیخوازی لە دژی سیستەمی سەرمایەداری و دەرهاویشتەکانی بوون. ئەمەش وای کردبوو کە گوتاری شۆڕشگێڕی و ڕادیکاڵیزم بەسەر کەش‌وهەوای سیاسیی زۆر لە وڵاتاندا زاڵ بێ، بۆ وێنە لە وڵاتانی داگیرکراوی جیهانی سێهەم‌دا، کە بۆ سەربەخۆیی لە خەباتێکی توندوتیژدا بوون و لە هەندێک وڵاتی ڕۆژئاواش تێکۆشان بۆ پەرەسەندنی پتری دێموکراسی و ئازادیی فرەڕەهەند لە ئارادا بوو. لەو کەش‌وهەوا سیاسییەدا، گەنجە ڕادیکاڵەکانی حیزبی توودەی ئێران لە ئەورووپا لەژێر کاریگەریی کەرتبوونی کامپی سۆسیالیستی و ناڕازی لە سیاسەتی پرۆسۆڤییەتی و ناکاریگەربوونی ڕێبەرانی ئەم حیزبە، ڕیزی خۆیان لەم حیزبە جیاکردەوە و ڕێکخراوێکیان بەناوی "سازمانی ئینقلابیی حیزبی توودەی ئێران" دامەزراند. کادیر و ڕێبەرانی سازمانی ئینقلابی، بە ئاگاداربوون لە بەرپابوونی ڕاپەڕینی چەکدارانە لە ڕۆژهەڵاتی کوردستان لە ساڵەکانی ١٩٦٧- ١٩٦٨، بەهۆی کۆمیتەی ئینقلابیی حیزبی دێموکراتی کوردستان، لە ئەورووپاوە دەگەڕێنەوە بۆ کوردستان، تا لەم ڕاپەڕینەدا بەشدار بن. بە تێکشکانی ڕاپەڕینی چەکدارانەی ڕۆژهەڵاتی کوردستان، کادیرەکانی سازمانی ئینقلابی ناچار دەبن لە باشووری کوردستان جێگیر بن. بە جێگیربوونی کادیرانی سازمانی ئینقلابی لە باشووری کوردستان پەیوەندییەکی پتەوی فکری و دۆستانە لەنێوان ئەوان و لایەنگرانی باڵی چەپی مەکتەبی سیاسیی پارتی دێموکرات کوردستان و ئەڵقە ڕۆشنبیرییەکانی سلێمانی و بەغدا، پێک دێت. شارەزایی و ئەزموونی کادیرانی سازمانی ئینقلابی لە چەمک و تیۆرییەکانی مارکسی-لینینی و بیری ماوتسی‌تۆنگ، شوێنەواری قووڵ لەسەر شێوازی بیرکردنەوەی ئەو گەنج و خوێندکارانە دادەنێت، کە سۆزیان بۆ بیری چەپ هەیە و لە دەوری ئەڵقە ڕۆشنبیرییەکان کۆ بوونەتەوە. کاریگەریی فکریی سازمانی ئینقلابی و کەرتبوونی کامپی سۆسیالیستی، دەبێتە هۆی لەدایکبوونی ڕەوتێکی چەپی نوێ لە باشووری کوردستان، کە دواجار ڕێکخراوێکی مارکسی-لینینی بیری ماوتسی‌تۆنگی لێکەوتەوە.
Penggunaan Air Limbah Rendaman Kedelai yang Difermentasi dalam Budidaya Kutu Air (Daphnia magna)
Authors: Pramudiva Rahel Rosana , Sucahyo Sucahyo
Published: June 2023

Ketersediaan air limbah rendaman kedelai yang melimpah dapat dijadikan sebagai pakan alternatif bagi D. magna. Peningkatan nutrisi dapat dilakukan melalui penambahan probiotik EM4. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi pemberian pakan air limbah rendaman kedelai terfermentasi dan periode waktu terhadap pertumbuhan D. magna. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimental di Laboratorium Akuakultur, Fakultas Biologi UKSW. Hasil pengamatan pertumbuhan D. magna tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh P3 (pakan terfermentasi 10 ml) sebanyak 922 ind/L, sedangkan perlakuan yang tidak mengalami pertumbuhan berarti ditunjukkan oleh P6 (pakan terfermentasi 80 ml) dan P1 sebagai kontrol. Konsentrasi terbaik ditunjukkan oleh P3 (pakan terfermentasi 10 ml). Pemberian air limbah rendaman kedelai terfermentasi sebagai asupan pakan D. magna lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pakan tanpa fermentasi.The abundant availability of soy soaking wastewater could be used as an alternative feed for D. magna. Improving the feed’s nutrition could be done through by adding EM4 probiotics. This study aimed to determine the impact of differences in the concentration of fermented soy soaking wastewater feed and the growth period on the growth of D. magna.  The study was conducted experimentally in the Aquaculture Laboratory, Faculty of Biology UKSW. The observation revealed that the highest D. magna growth was demonstrated by P3 (10 ml of fermented feed) with 922 ind/L. In comparison, the treatment that did not experience significant growth was shown by P6 (80 ml fermented feed) with  P1 as the control.  The best feed concentration was  P3 (10 ml fermented feed). To conclude, the provision of fermented soy soaking wastewater as a D. magna’s feed intake was more effective compared to non-fermented feed intake.
Efektifitas Imunomostimulant Ekstrak Etanolik Umbi Talas Jepang (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) sebagai Peningkat Sistem Imun Melalui Uji In-Vivo
Authors: Zulianti Dwi , Savitri Putri Gita Ayu , Uswatun Chasanah , Andalucya Filliana , Setiyowati Putri Ayu Ika
Published: June 2023

Salah satu sumber pangan fungsional yang berpotensi untuk meningkatkan sistem imun yaitu umbi talas jepang (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum). Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui efek esktrak talas jepang dengan variasi dosis tertentu terhadap peningkatan sel imun (leukosit, monosit, dan limfosit) sebagai salah satu indikator meningkatnya sistem imunitas. Metode ekstraksi menggunakan teknik maserasi. Terdapat 2 kelompok kontrol yaitu control positif (tanpa injeksi bakteri maupun ekstrak), kontrol negatif (injeksi i.p bakteri S. aureus 0,5 Mc Farland sebanyak 0,2 mL), kelompok perlakuan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu: perlakuan 1,2, dan 3 (P1, P2, dan P3), dengan perlakuan injeksi sub-cutan ekstrak C. esculenta dengan dosis berturut-turut dari rendah ke tinggi yaitu 50,100, dan 200 mg/kg bb selama 2 minggu lalu dibiarkan selama 1 minggu, pada hari ke 21 diinjeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Pengukuran parameter sel imun dilakukan pada hari ke-7, ke-14, dan ke-21, Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak C. esculenta var. antiquorum dapat meningkatkan jumlah leukosit, persentase monosit dan persentase limfosit secara signifikan dibanding kelompok kontrol baik sebelum maupun sesudah diinfeksi oleh bakteri S. aureus. Dosis tinggi ekstrak talas jepang terbukti memberikan efek imunostimulan paling optimal. The one of potential food to increasing immune system is Japanese taro tuber (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum). In this study, determine the effect of japanese taro with variation dose to increase immune cells like leukocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Extraction method using maceration technique. There were 2 control groups, namely positive control (without injection of bacteria or extract), negative control that injection by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria 0.5 Mc Farland as much as 0.2 mL, the treatment group was divided into 3 groups P1, P2, and P3, treated with sub-cutaneous injection of  japanese taro extract at variation doses from low to high doses, there were 50,100, and 200 mg/kg bw for 2 weeks and then left for 1 week, on the 21st day Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was injected. Immune cell parameters were measured on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA. The results showed that the extract of C. esculenta var. antiquorum can increase the number of leukocytes, the percentage of monocytes and the percentage of lymphocytes significantly compared to the control group both before and after being infected by S. aureus bacteria. The high dose of japanese taro extract was the optimal doses as imunostimulant.
Kepiting Genera Scylla di Pesisir Kota Langsa: Distribusi, Dimensi Tangkapan Alami dan Analisis Bioekonominya
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Putriningtias Andika , Anzhita Silvia , Akbar Helmy , Syahrial Syahrial , Hanisah Hanisah , Faisal Teuku Muhammad , Sinaga Sorbakti
Published: June 2023

A study of the Scylla genera of crabs was conducted in May in five villages in Langsa City to know their distribution, dimensions of natural catch, and bioeconomic analysis. The method used was the accidental sampling of 30 respondents. Then the information was collected on the demographics and characteristics of the respondents as well as the distribution and dimensions of the Scylla genera crab catch. Respondents indicated that the Scylla genera crabs were distributed in 12 villages, namely Cinta Raja Village, Sungai Lueng, Alue Pineung Timue, Kapa, Lhok Banie, Simpang Lhee, Seuriget, Matang Seulimeng, Sungai Pauh, Kuala Langsa, Sungai Pauh Pusaka, Sungai Pauh Firdaus, and Sungai Pauh Tanjong. The highest catch composition was 4 kg/trip (40%) and the sizes of crabs were all sizes (100%). Furthermore, the dominant duration of the profession of crab catcher is 4 – 6 years (37%) with the predominant age of a crab catcher being 30 – 44 years (53%). The results of the bioeconomic analysis show that the Scylla crab fisheries in Langsa City are still profitable because any increase in catch costs does not reduce total income at all.   Kajian kepiting genera Scylla dilakukan pada bulan Mei di 5 desa Kota Langsa dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi, dimensi tangkapan alami dan analisis bioekonominya. Metode yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling pada 30 responden, kemudian informasi yang dikumpulkan mengenai demografi dan karakteristik responden serta distribusi dan dimensi penangkapan kepiting genera Scylla. Responden menunjukkan bahwa kepiting genera Scylla terdistribusi di 12 desa yaitu Desa Cinta Raja, Sungai Lueng, Alue Pineung Timue, Kapa, Lhok Banie, Simpang Lhee, Seuriget, Matang Seulimeng, Sungai Pauh, Kuala Langsa, Sungai Pauh Pusaka, Sungai Pauh Firdaus dan Sungai Pauh Tanjong dengan komposisi tangkapan tertingginya adalah 4 kg/trip (40%) dan ukuran kepiting genera Scylla yang diambil adalah semua ukuran (100%). Selanjutnya lamanya profesi sebagai penangkap kepiting yang telah dijalani dominannya adalah 4 – 6 tahun (37%) dengan usia penangkap kepiting dominannya adalah 30 – 44 tahun (53%). Sementara hasil analisis bioekonomi memperlihatkan bahwa kondisi perikanan tangkap kepiting genera Scylla di Kota Langsa masih menguntungkan karena setiap kenaikan biaya tangkapan sama sekali tidak menurunkan total pendapatan.
Effect of Vitamin C Bioencapsulation in Natural Feed on Protein, Fat, Energy, and Mortality of Milkfish Larvae (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Budi Sutia , Cahyono Indra , Khairiman Khairiman
Published: June 2023

Indications of milkfish larvae problems show lack symptoms of vitamin C in the tissues, which will cause defective bone formation and become an inhibitor factor in growth and mortality. This research aims to investigate the influence of vitamin C bioencapsulation on rotifer and artemia in protein retention, fat, energy, and the cause of death in milkfish larvae (Chanos chanos). The dose of vitamin C used in this study were 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L-1. The treatment starts from D-1 to D-30 stadia of milkfish larvae, with 30-day maintenance. The density of milkfish larvae utilized is 20 L-1. The protein and fat content of milkfish larvae bodies were measured using a proximate analysis, and the energy content of the feed was measured using a bomb calorimeter. Mortality was observed under the Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia standard binocular microscope by identifying larvae that died daily in each container. This research shows that vitamin C bioencapsulation in rotifer and artemia affects the retention rate of protein, fat, energy and the cause of milkfish larvae mortality. The dose of vitamin C of 150 and 200 mg L-1 is effective in improving protein, fat, and energy retention, which can minimize the cause of milkfish larvae mortality. The best results are obtained by bioencapsulating Vitamin C on rotifer and artemia with dose of 150 mg L-1.
Optimization of Soxhlet Extraction Papaya Seed Oil (Carica papaya L.) with Petroleum Ether
Authors: Andriana Riski , Wisnu Broto R. TD.
Published: June 2023

Papaya seed oil is a high source of fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and palmitic acid. It has 71.60% oleic acid, 15.13% palmitic acid, and has a low cholesterol content so it can be useful as a food oil. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of ingredients, time, and particle size on the maximum extraction of papaya seed oil. Extraction of papaya seed oil was carried out by the soxhletation extraction method using petroleum ether solvent. The factorial experimental design of 23 was used to determine the significant parameters for the resulting papaya seed oil: yield, density, fatty acid content, viscosity, and water content. The most influential process variable is particle size. The most optimal papaya seed oil extraction results were obtained at a particle size of 20 mesh, an extraction time of 180 minutes, and a ratio of ingredients to the dissolution of 1:9 (35 gram500 mL). That value obtains a yield of 57.029%.
Pembuatan Pewarna Alami dari Ekstrak Daun Alpukat dengan Penambahan Tawas, Kapur Sirih, dan Tunjung
Authors: Lestari Susi , Supriyo Edy
Published: June 2023

Pewarnaan tekstil dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pewarna dari bahan sintesis dan alami.   Pada dasarnya pewarna alami lebih aman digunakan dibandingkan dengan pewarna sintesis. Sedikitnya  pencemaran merupakan salah satu keunggulan penggunaan pewarna alami. Daun alpukat berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan pewarna alami karena mengandung tanin yang cukup besar. Tanin dapat menghasilkan zat warna cokelat dan kecokelatan pada kain. Akan tetapi, penggunaan pewarna alami kurang diminati oleh masyarakat karena hasil pewarnaan yang kurang mencolok jika dibandingkan dengan pewarna sintesis. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan inovasi pembuatan pewarna alami tekstil dengan variasi penambahan zat fiksasi warna. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan variasi warna pewarna alami yang dihasilkan dan meningkatkan ketahanan luntur warnanya. Terdapat empat sampel dengan variabel bebas yang berbeda. Variabel bebas yang digunakan yakni jenis zat fiksasi yang ditambahkan dalam sampel. Sampel F0 merupakan sampel kontrol tanpa penambahan zat fiksasi, Sampel F1 dengan penambahan zat fiksasi tawas 0,05 M, sampel F2 dengan penambahan zat fiksasi kapur sirih 0,05 M, dan sampel F3 dengan penambahan zat fiksasi tunjung 0,05 M. Sampel hasil fiksasi warna dilakukan pengujian absorbansi serta ketahanan luntur. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil terbaik  Textile coloring can be done using dyes from synthetic and natural materials. Basically, natural dyes are safer to use than synthetic dyes. Little pollution is one of the advantages of using natural dyes. Avocado leaves have the potential to be used as natural dyes because they contain a large amount of tannins. Tannins can produce brown and brown dyes on fabrics. However, the use of natural dyes is less attractive to the public because the coloring results are less conspicuous when compared to synthetic dyes. In this research, an innovation was made in the manufacture of natural textile dyes with variations in the addition of color fixation agents. The purpose of this research is to increase the color variations of the natural dyes produced and to increase their color fastness. There were four samples with different independent variables. The independent variable used is the type of fixing agent added to the sample. Sample F0 was a control sample without the addition of fixing agent, Sample F1 with the addition of 0.05 M alum fixative, F2 sample with the addition of 0.05 M whiting fixing agent, and F3 sample with the addition of 0.05 M tunjung fixative.Samples resulting from color fixation were tested for absorbance and fastness. From this study, the best results were obtained on sample F1 (alum fixation) with an absorbance of 0.6914 and dye absorption of 0.1150 mol/L and the results of the color fastness test on a scale of 4 (good).
The proposal of the novel fetal shoulder dystocia graduation: a clinical-based opinion
Authors: Habek Dubravko , Mikuš Mislav , Cerovac Anis
Published: June 2023

Background

Shoulder dystocia is a peracute mechanical dystocia and a prepartum, usually unpredictable, life-threatening entity with significant forensic implications due to significantly poor perinatal outcome, especially permanent disability or perinatal death.

Content

To better objectify the graduation and to include other important clinical parameters, we believe it is appropriate to present a proposal for a complete perinatal weighted graduation of shoulder dystocia, based on several years of numerous other and our own clinical and forensic studies and thematic biobibliography. Obstetric maneuvers, neonatal outcome, and maternal outcome are three components, which are evaluated according to the severity of 0–4 proposed components. Thus, the gradation is ultimately in four degrees according to the total score: I. degreee, score 0–3: slightly shoulder dystocia with simple obstetric interventions, but without birth injuries; II. degree, score 4–7: mild shoulder dystocia resolved by external, secondary interventions and minor injuries; III. degree, score 8–10: severe shoulder dystocia with severe peripartum injuries; IV. degree, score 11–12: extremely difficult, severe shoulder dystocia with ultima ratio interventions applied and resulting extremely severe injuries with chronic disability, including perinatal death.

As a clinically evaluated graduation, it certainly has an applicable long-term anamnestic and prognostic component for subsequent pregnancies and access to subsequent births, as it includes all relevant components of clinical forensic objectification.
Communication of the Judiciary
Authors: Fekete Kristóf Benedek
Published: June 2023

The author describes the limitations of the freedom of expression of judges and courts in the context of the fundamental right to freedom of expression, which, due to its prominent position in a democratic constitutional state, is limited in content compared to the general one, also in view of the historical precedents in Hungary. Starting from the relevant constitutional and statutory provisions and in the light of the practice of the Venice Commission and the European Court of Human Rights, the study outlines and analyses the possibilities for individual judges and courts to express their opinions. The paper presents, through a number of pragmatic examples, the prevailing practice in Hungary on the subject under study, which works with undoubtedly one of the most stringent regulatory solutions.
Biases in the Criminal Justice System with Reference to the Practice of Compulsory Treatment of Mentally Ill Offenders
Authors: Gula Krisztina Petra
Published: June 2023

One of the least researched areas of the economic analysis of lawtoday is Criminal law and Criminal justice. A contemporary line of thinkingand examination is the behavioural economic approach that reflects on variousmental distortions (i.e. biases) affecting the decision-making and situationassessment of individuals. The focus of my essay is the intersection of Criminallaw and behavioural economics in the sphere of biases influencing theparticipants in criminal proceedings. The measure of compulsory treatment inthe cases of mentally ill offenders serves as an illustration: the application ofthe sanction, as well as the review procedure aimed at deciding whether analready applied sanction could be ceased and the treated person should bereleased. Outlining this measure is justified by the fact that the potentialconsiderations and evaluations of mentally ill offenders cannot be taken intoaccount as those of sane perpetrators (who are in no state of impairment of themind). This places an even greater responsibility on the rest of the proceduralparticipants – especially judges and experts – to deliver well-reasoneddecisions by eliminating the eventual negative consequences of their generallyless reflected mental distortions that could pose further detriments to thementally ill. As a closure, I am referring to certain ways and means that canpotentially reduce the role of biases in the criminal proceedings and thuscontribute to fairer jurisdiction for the mentally ill.
Requests for internal review and the revised Aarhus Regulation
Authors: Pánovics Attila
Published: June 2023

This article examines the development of EU law in the context of access to justice guaranteed under the Aarhus Convention. It considers how the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Compliance Committee of the Convention (ACCC) interpret obligations arising under Article 9(3) of the Convention. When the EU ratified the Convention in 2005 it committed to guaranteeing broad access to justice in environmental matters at both national and Union levels. Until now, the 2006 Aarhus Regulation is the sole piece of EU legislation outside the provisions of the Treaties that was adopted for the purpose of providing the basis for access to justice in environmental matters at Union level. Unfortunately, the internal review procedure set out by the 2006 Aarhus Regulation has been interpreted so restrictively by the Court of Justice of the EU that its added value in striving for better access to courts remained ephemeral. The article discusses the findings of the ACCC on the EU’s non-compliance with Article 9(3) of the Convention, and highlights the recent legislative activities at EU level relating to access to justice in environmental matters. The application of the revised Aarhus Regulation will demonstrate whether the European Union has duly implemented its international obligations regarding access to justice in environmental matters.
Illegal removal of minors abroad in connection with child trafficking
Authors: Ripszám Dóra
Published: June 2023

Human trafficking can be seen as a modern version of slavery; it isestimated to be the second most lucrative branch of international organizedcrime. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), the profitfrom forced labour reaches $ 32 billion a year. One of the most vulnerablegroups targeted by human traffickers are children.In view of the fact that Hungary can also be regarded as a country of origin, destination and transit fortrafficking in human beings, it is necessarily intertwined with the phenomenonof the illegal removal of minors abroad. Acts involving the illegal removal ofminors abroad do not constitute an independent legal category, this is a specialumbrella term for when a minor is attempted to cross the border of the state oforigin or current residence by other means of other means in breach of itslegislation.
Weighing the Benefits and Drawbacks of Testosterone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Lawton Joseph , Amjad Muhammad
Published: June 2023

Over the last few decades, the discussion surrounding men’s health issues has sparked an increased interest in the treatment of male hypogonadism—the deficiency of testosterone in the body—through testosterone replacement therapy, in order to improve patients’ quality of life. This makes it a worthwhile consideration for further research as many studies do not sufficiently explore the long-term benefits and drawbacks, which may tip the scales on whether it should be prescribed to patients moving forward. It is worth weighing the effects that the treatment offers, as well as examining which patients are most suitable for the therapy and why, from a health cost-benefit analysis. Many of the benefits that this review will touch on relate to the symptoms of hypogonadism, most notably decreased libido, muscle mass, and emotional well-being. This review will also consider the potential side effects of treatment through the investigation of short- and long-term studies that include observational, surveyable, and empirical data. Some of the drawbacks include increased risk of various organ cancers and systemic tissue damage. Holistically, this review will provide insight on the basics of testosterone replacement therapy, who benefits most, who is at risk, and how its understanding can be improved moving forward.
Force Majeure During COVID-19 Outbreaks: Case of the Cancellation and Termination of Government Construction Contracts
Authors: Muskibah Muskibah , Yetniwati Yetniwati , Sasmiar Sasmiar , Holish Amarru Muftie
Published: June 2023

Force majeure is a contractual clause commonly found in government construction work contracts, defining the circumstances that qualify as absolute or relative force majeure. This research aims to address two key questions: First, can the force majeure clause be invoked to justify the cancellation and termination of construction work contracts amidst the Covid-19 pandemic? Second, what is the method of accountability for risks associated with construction work contracts in light of the pandemic? Employing normative juridical research methods, this study concludes that the Covid-19 pandemic alone cannot serve as an automatic basis for contract cancellation or nullification under the force majeure clause. The service user, typically the government, may demand the successful completion of the project from the providers. However, the pandemic qualifies as a relative force majeure, shifting the liability for risk during contract implementation to the provider, subject to court decisions. Thus, legal events qualifying as force majeure during the Covid-19 outbreak will be determined by court decisions.
The Driving Factors for Recidivism of Former Terrorism Convicts in Socio-Legal Perspective
Authors: Masyhar Ali , Murtadho Ali , Sabri Ahmad Zaharuddin Sani Ahmad
Published: June 2023

The phenomenon of recidivism among former terrorism convicts presents a complex challenge within the socio-legal context. This study aims to explore the driving factors behind the recurrence of terrorism-related offenses among previously incarcerated individuals. By employing a socio-legal perspective, the research examines the interplay of social and legal factors that contribute to the re-engagement of former terrorism convicts in illegal activities. Drawing on existing literature and empirical data, this paper identifies various key factors, including societal stigma, socio-economic struggles, and deficiencies in the legal system. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive policies that address both social and legal dimensions to effectively prevent and address recidivism in the terrorism context. By understanding and addressing these driving factors, policymakers and practitioners can develop more targeted and nuanced interventions to facilitate successful rehabilitation and reintegration while safeguarding national security and promoting social cohesion.
Contractual Obligations in Financing with Fiduciary Security in Indonesia in the Context of Justice
Authors: Bahar T. Muhammad Ali , Kamello Tan , Suhadi Suhaidi , Saidin Saidin , Trihasworo Rio Hilmawan Bagas
Published: June 2023

Financing with fiduciary security is a popular form of financing in Indonesia. However, in the context of justice, there are several aspects that need to be considered regarding this contractual arrangement. This research aims to discuss the study of contractual obligations in financing with fiduciary security in Indonesia within the context of justice, with a focus on relevant aspects both theories and practices. This research intends to analyze the contractual obligations in financing with fiduciary security within the context of justice in Indonesia. The research revealed that financing with fiduciary security in Indonesia presents several justice-related issues. Firstly, there is an imbalance of power between the fiduciary giver (creditor) and the fiduciary receiver (debtor). The fiduciary giver tends to hold a stronger position in executing fiduciary security, while the fiduciary receiver may face difficulties in protecting their rights. Secondly, consumer protection or debtor protection in financing with fiduciary security is still inadequate. Although there are regulations in place governing debtor rights, their implementation remains limited. This can lead to injustice for financially vulnerable debtors who are unable to fulfill their payment obligations. Thirdly, dispute resolution regarding financing with fiduciary security tends to favor the fiduciary giver. Lengthy legal proceedings and high costs can impede debtors from achieving justice. Moreover, the lack of understanding and awareness among the public regarding their rights in financing with fiduciary security can also be problematic.
Study of enzymatic hydrolysis of mild pretreated lignocellulosic biomasses
Authors: Ioelovich Michael , Morag Ely
Published: June 2023

The effect of mild acidic and alkaline pretreatments of various plant biomasses on their enzymatic hydrolysis has been studied. The yield of reducing sugars and utilization rate of the biomass were used as reliable characteristics of enzymatic digestibility of the biomasses. The experiments showed that alkaline pretreatment was more efficient than acidic pretreatment. As a result of alkaline pretreatment, a more efficient delignification of the biomasses and considerable improvement of the digestibility parameters were observed. It was found that residual lignin content in the biomass after alkaline pretreatment was related to initial lignin content in untreated biomass. Moreover, residual lignin showed an evident negative effect on enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated biomass samples, and its removal contributed to higher enzymatic digestibility. It is more preferred to select a mild alkaline pretreatment for biomass that has low content of initial lignin. Such treatment yielded highly delignified biomass with increased percentage of cellulose fraction, which enhanced digestibility at low enzyme loading with a relatively short hydrolysis time.
The use of an artificial neural network for modeling the moisture absorption and thickness swelling of oriented strand board
Authors: Özşahin Şükrü
Published: June 2023

In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) approach was employed for modeling the moisture absorption (MA) and thickness swelling (TS) properties of oriented strand board (OSB) in various applications. A series of ANN models were developed for the analysis and prediction of correlations between processing parameters and MA and TS of OSB. An ANN model was found for modeling the effects of OSB treatment variables on the MA and TS. The required data for training and testing of the model were obtained from the experimental results of Salay (2010). In designing this model, the MA and TS of the OSB were determined using OSB treatment variables, including board layup type, resin type, application rate of resin, and wax content. When experimental data and results obtained from the ANN were compared by regression analysis using Matlab, it was determined that both groups of data (test and train) were consistent. It was demonstrated that the well-trained feed forward and back propagation multilayer ANN model is a powerful and sufficient tool for the prediction of MA and TS; therefore, by using ANN outputs, satisfactory results can be estimated, rather than measured and hence time and cost are reduced in all the required experimental activities.
Mechanical properties of poplar wood (Populus alba) dried by three kiln drying schedules
Authors: Shahverdi Mahdi , Tarmian Asghar , Dashti Hadi , Ebrahimi Ghanbar , Tajvidi Mehdi
Published: June 2023

The influence of three drying schedules on the selected mechanical properties of poplar wood (Populus alba L.) was evaluated in terms of suitability for structural applications. For this purpose, 70 mm-thick poplar lumber was conventionally dried by three different moisture content based schedules of T5-D2, T5-D4, and T5-D6. In these schedules, the wet bulb depression was changed as a means of increasing of the drying intensity. After drying, the mechanical properties of the lumber, including bending properties (MOE and MOR), toughness, shear strength parallel to grain, and tensile strength perpendicular to grain, were measured. Results revealed that the severe drying schedule (T5-D6) caused higher reductions in the mechanical properties of the dried boards, particularly the MOE and MOR. Furthermore, toughness and tensile strength perpendicular to grain were not affected by the increasing of the wet bulb depression. The influence of all the three adopted schedules on the mechanical properties was evaluated using the drying rate, final moisture content gradient, and qualitative characteristics of the dried boards.
Thermogravimetric investigation and thermal conversion kinetics of typical North African and Middle Eastern lignocellulosic wastes
Authors: Abed Imen , Paraschiv Maria , Loubar Khaled , Zagrouba Fethi , Tazerout Mohand
Published: June 2023

The aim of this work was to thermally characterize the renewable lignocellulosic bioresources derived from palm trees in order to highlight their energy potential. Pyrolysis and combustion behaviours of date stones (DS) agricultural by-products were tested by thermo-gravimetric analysis, and the main chemical compositions were analyzed. The work has also been conducted to identify their most important physical characteristics. The study of the sizes and heating rate effects constitute the first part of the experimental work. Inert atmosphere and three heating rates: 10, 20, and 50 °C/min, were applied to various particle sizes of DS. In the second part, tests were carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere (21% O2) by varying the size of the DS. The kinetic parameters such as pre-exponential factor and activation energy were determined. Increasing the particle sizes and the heating rates didn’t have an appreciable influence on the global weight losses. However, degradation rates were significant with the porous structure of the DS. Weight losses in inert and oxidizing atmospheres were found to occur in two stages (drying and devolatilization) and in three stages (drying, devolatilization, and oxidation of the char).
Structural organisation of the wood polymers in the wood fibre structure
Authors: Salmén Lennart , Olsson Anne-Mari , Stevanic Jasna S. , Simonović Jasna , Radotić Ksenija
Published: June 2023

The organization of the major polymers in the wood fiber has a large impact on the properties of the structure. Numerous studies have been devoted to the cellulose microfibril arrangement, providing the longitudinal strength of the fiber, while less is known regarding the structural organization of other components, such as hemicelluloses and lignin. For the hemicelluloses, as being part of the cellulose aggregation process, indications of a strong coupling to the cellulose structure have been shown. For lignin, being laid down in a later stage, no clear picture has emerged. Here the orientation of lignin vis-à-vis the cellulose orientation was examined for a number of different fiber structures. It was shown that the lignin in the middle lamella region seems to be non-oriented, thus more resembling an isotropic material, while the lignin in the secondary wall is to some extent oriented. The orientation of this lignin is less pronounced than the orientation of cellulose but has a preferential alignment in the direction of the fiber axis. The reason for this alignment could be related to structural restrictions of this lignin, deposited in the spaces remaining after the initial forming of the structured cellulose/hemicellulose fibrillar structure.
Conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural with a functionalized ionic liquid
Authors: Ma Hao , Zhou Bo , Li Yiqun , Argyropoulos Dimitris S.
Published: June 2023

Fructose can be efficiently converted to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by using the functionalized ionic liquid 3-(2-chloroethyl)-1-methylimidazolium chloride as both solvent and catalyst in the presence of water. This work advances the field and is distinct from earlier efforts in the sense that the observed yields of HMF from fructose are rather high and the reaction conditions rather mild and neutral in the complete absence of acidic additives (HMF yield 76% at 100 oC in 40 minutes).
Strategies to recycle enzymes and their impact on enzymatic hydrolysis for bioethanol production
Authors: Xue Ying , Jameel Hasan , Park Sunkyu
Published: June 2023

Enzymes still exhibit activities after hydrolysis of biomass according to previous studies. Recycling the enzymes and use them in subsequent hydrolysis cycles can further utilize their remaining activities. Previous studies have mainly discussed enzyme recycling processes up to three cycles, in which the processes did not reach steady state. Steady state investigation is essential for the guidance of the real life process. Four cycles of processing have usually been considered enough to bring the system to steady state in process engineering. In this work, hydrolysate was used as the source of recycled enzymes to fresh substrate for five cycles. Because a large amount of enzymes remained on the pulp, surfactant was introduced to recycle the enzymes that remained with the residue. Recycled hydrolysate from previous enzymatic hydrolysis usually carries a high concentration of sugars, which can inhibit the new round of hydrolysis. To remove sugar from the recycling stream, a wash with fresh buffer was performed. Sugars were removed, while enzymes still remain on the fresh substrates. Six recycling strategies were evaluated for enzyme recycling percentage and enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency with both green-liquor pretreated softwood and hardwood in this investigation. Hydrolysis efficiency increased by about 40% for softwood at 30 mg/g enzyme dosage and about 25% for hardwood at 7.5 mg/g when a washing stage was applied with addition of surfactant.
Some aspects of the reactivity of pulp intended for high-viscosity viscose
Authors: Östberg Linda , Håkansson Helena , Germgård Ulf
Published: June 2023

The biochemical properties of a purified enzyme of a new alkalophillic endo-1,4-beta-xylanase gene, KRICT PX2 (GU967374), which was isolated from Paenibacillus sp. HPL-002 (KCTC11410BP) and expressed in E. coli, were investigated. The specific activity of the purified xylanase was 51.26 μmol/min/mg proteins. The Km and Vmax values of the protein for birch wood xylan were also verified to have 0.061 μM and 55.3 μmol/min/mg proteins, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of the enzyme were pH 8~9 and 50oC, respectively, and, the activity was stably maintained at 40oC. Most metallic salts, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, phenylmethane-sulphonyl fluoride, and furfural, have no impact on the enzyme’s activity at 1 mM. The simulated 3-D structure of this xylanase is similar to Xyn10B from Paenibacillus barcinonensis. Further research on the degradation of different-origin xylans and enzyme production will be necessary for practical applications.
Fatigue life, morphological studies, and thermal aging of rattan powder-filled natural rubber composites as a function of filler loading and a silane coupling agent
Authors: Ismail Hanafi , Muniandy Komethi , Othman Nadras
Published: June 2023

Fatigue life, morphological studies, and thermal aging properties of rattan powder-filled natural rubber (NR) composites were investigated as a function of filler loading and a silane coupling agent. NR composites were prepared by the incorporation of rattan powder in the range of 0 to 30 phr into a NR matrix with a laboratory size two roll mill. Thermal aging was carried out for 7 and 14 days at a temperature of 70 °C, and tensile testing was performed in order to determine the aging properties. The results indicated that the fatigue life of rattan powder-filled NR composites decreased with increasing rattan powder loading. Tensile strength and elongation at break decreased whilst tensile modulus, stress at 100% elongation (M100), and stress at 300% elongation (M300) increased after aging. Nevertheless, the addition of the silane coupling agent improved both fatigue life and the aging properties of NR composites due to better adhesion between the rubber matrix and the rattan filler which was confirmed by FTIR studies of composites and SEM studies of fatigue fractured surfaces.
Precipitation of lignosulphonates from SPORL liquid by calcium hydroxide treatment
Authors: Yu Menghui , Wang Gaosheng , Liu Chunlan , A Ruhan
Published: June 2023

Precipitation of lignosulphonates from the liquor for sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) by addition of Ca(OH)2 was investigated in this work. The experiment was conducted in a reaction temperature range of 20 to 75oC for 90 minutes with Ca(OH)2 charge varying from 20 to 90 g/L and a range of liquid enrichment ratio of 1 to 5. It was found that increased Ca(OH)2 charge, duration time, reaction temperature, and liquor concentration each tended to improve lignosulphonates precipitation, but tended to hurt fermentable sugars conservation. Application of Ca(OH)2 20 g/L to SPORL liquid without enrichment at 30oC for 90 minutes could be an optimal condition. Under this condition, 25.95% of the lignosulphonates was precipitated for further utilization, while calculated amounts of 106.46% of glucose and 60.25% of xylose were conserved for further fermentation.
Release paper: Can phosphate esters be an alternative to silicone?
Authors: Belosinschi Dan , Chabot Bruno , Brouillette François
Published: June 2023

Release paper is a special paper grade with one or both sides coated with non-sticking materials. Silicone is currently the only material used to produce release paper at the industrial level. Its remarkable properties and availability ensure product quality and sustainability of the industrial production. Meanwhile, the stability of silicone polymers raises serious environmental problems in terms of paper substrate recyclability. Studies are currently under way to evaluate the ability of phosphate esters as a new class of compounds capable of developing non-adhesive surface properties. This paper presents initial attempts to coat the paper with phosphate esters and to assess phosphate ester / fibrous substrate and phosphate ester / adhesive interactions. The results show that this class of compounds exhibits non-adhesive properties and, when coated on paper under certain conditions, can lead to a non-sticking surface. Despite the fact that there is a long way to achieve ester anchoring to surface fibers and to control the peeling force from an adhesive tape, preliminary results are encouraging.
Investigation of the morphological and thermal properties of waste newsprint/ recycled polypropylene/ nanoclay composite
Authors: Danesh Mohammad Amin , ZiaeiTabari Hassan , Hosseinpourpia Reza , Nazarnezhad Noradin , Shams Morteza
Published: June 2023

The main objective of this research was to study the potential of waste polypropylene and waste newsprint fiber for making wood-plastic nanocomposites. We used 30 wt.% waste newsprint fiber and 10 wt.% compatilizer in this study. Nanoclay was used at two levels: 2.5 and 5% by wt. Materials were mixed with either recycled or virgin polypropylene. The effects of nanoclay (NC) on the mechanical and thermal properties were also studied. The improvements in tensile properties of the blended composites with the addition of NC were further supported by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data. Thermal degradation behavior of the composites showed that the degradation temperatures shifted to higher values after addition of nanoclay. The XRD data showed that the relative intercalation of composites with 2.5% nanoclay was higher than 5% nanoclay. The experimental results demonstrated that the waste materials could be used as appropriate alternative raw materials for making low cost wood-plastic composites (WPCs).
Sutura meniscal en deportistas: análisis de fallas y retorno al deporte
Authors: Yeregui Santiago , Dalton Patricio , Mallea Andrés , Abalo Eduardo
Published: June 2023

Introducción: La sutura meniscal es una técnica cada vez más utilizada en pacientes con lesiones meniscales, con buenos resultados en la población general. Sin embargo, los estudios realizados en pacientes deportistas son escasos. Se analizaron las fallas de la sutura meniscal y el retorno al deporte en pacientes deportistas, y se identificaron posibles factores asociados.

Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron retrospectivamente 61 suturas meniscales en deportistas (puntaje de Tegner ≥6) con un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses. Cuarenta y nueve eran lesiones aisladas y 12 se asociaban con plástica del ligamento cruzado anterior. El seguimiento promedio fue de 61 meses y los pacientes fueron evaluados con los puntajes de Tegner y de Lysholm.

Resultados: Se constató la falla de la sutura meniscal en 12 (19,67%) pacientes; la falla ocurrió, en promedio, 14 meses poscirugía. Nueve fallas se produjeron en suturas aisladas y 3 se asociaron con plástica del ligamento cruzado anterior (p <0,05). El menisco que más falló fue el interno. El 75% corresponde a pacientes que practicaban un deporte de contacto y pivote (p <0,05). Los pacientes que no sufrieron falla pudieron continuar con la misma actividad deportiva que antes de la lesión y el puntaje de Lysholmhabía mejorado significativamente (p <0,05).

Conclusiones: Las fallas fueron significativamente más frecuentes en meniscos internos, suturas aisladas, lesiones en asa de balde, y deportes de contacto y pivote. Consideramos que la sutura meniscal es una excelente opción quirúrgica para pacientes deportistas, ya que un alto porcentaje de ellos retorna al deporte.
Presentación del caso
Authors: Re Rodrigo
Published: June 2023

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Resolución del caso
Authors: Re Rodrigo
Published: June 2023

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