bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Treatment Effects of Unit-Based Pricing of Household Solid Waste Disposal
Authors: Wright Christopher , Halstead John M. , Huang Ju-Chin
Published: May 2018

Propensity score matching is used to estimate treatment effects when data are observational. Results presented in this study demonstrate the use of propensity score matching to evaluate the average treatment effect of unit-based pricing of household trash for reducing municipal solid waste disposal. Average treatment effect of the treated for 34 New Hampshire communities range from an annual reduction of 631 pounds per household to 823 pounds per household. This represents an annual reduction of 42 percent to 54 percent from an average of 1530 pounds per household if a town did not adopt municipal solid waste user fees.
16-Year Survival of the Canadian Collaborative Cohort of Related Dementias
Authors: Lichtenstein Maya L. , Fallah Nader , Mudge Benita , Hsiung Ging-Yuek R. , Foti Dean , Beattie B. Lynn , Feldman Howard H.
Published: May 2018

BackgroundSurvival estimates are integral to care for patients diagnosed with dementia. Few Canadian studies have carried out long-term follow-up of well-described cohorts, analyzing survival related to multiple risk factors.MethodsSurvival analysis of an inception cohort enrolled at a British Columbia (BC) tertiary dementia referral clinic between 1997 and 1999 was undertaken. Vital status was completed for 168 patients diagnosed with dementia. An evaluation of the effects of demographics, vascular risk factors, cognitive and functional ratings, apolipoprotein 4-status, and cholinesterase use on survival was performed using a log-rank test and time-dependent Cox regression. Survival of this dementia cohort was compared with the age-matched life expectancy of persons in BC.ResultsIn all, 158/168 (94.0%) subjects died over 16.6 years, with a median survival of 7.08 years. Risk factors associated with shorter survival in dementia groups included age of onset ≥80 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-2.32); greater functional disability (Disability Assessment for Dementia<55% [HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.04-2.08]); and cumulative medical illness severity (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale≥7 [HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.12)]. Compared with the BC population, years of potential life lost for dementia subjects aged <65 was 15.36 years, and for dementia subjects aged ≥80 it was 1.82 years.ConclusionsSurvival in dementia subjects is shorter than population life expectancies for each age strata, with greatest impact on younger patients. For people diagnosed with dementia, age ≥80 years, cumulative medical illness severity, and functional disabilities are the most significant survival predictors and can be used to guide prognosis.
Deleuze and Guattari’s ‘War Machine’ as a Critique of Hegel’s Political Philosophy
Authors: Widder Nathan
Published: May 2018

This paper elaborates Deleuze and Guattari’s ‘war machine’ in relation to key theses in Hegel’s political philosophy, with the aim of showing how it illuminates the conditions under which politics and political institutions as Hegel understands them both emerge and are compromised. After first introducing the idea of the war machine and its appropriation by discussing it in relation to Carl Schmitt’s theory of partisan warfare, it examines both the war machine and Hegel’s theory of the State by way of a focus on Hegel’s discussions of drive (Trieb) and semblance (Schein). Regarding the first, the paper explores how both Hegel and Deleuze and Guattari conceive of social structure in terms of a structure of drives even while they differ in their understandings of the drives in relation to desire and subjectivity. Regarding the second, the paper explores how moments of semblance identified by Hegel as he develops his system of Right reveal points where the war machine can emerge from within State structures. The paper argues that the war machine concept challenges understandings of politics built on friend/enemy antagonisms and the use of external conflict to secure internal unity, the former being Schmitt’s explicit political project and the second being the place at which Hegel’s project ultimately finds itself when it fails to secure the rational structure of Ethical Life.
Shear lift forces on nanocylinders in the free molecule regime
Authors: Luo Shuang , Wang Jun , Yu Song , Xia Guodong , Li Zhigang
Published: May 2018

In the present paper, analytical formulae for the shear lift forces on nanocylinders moving in linear shear flows in the free molecule regime are derived on the basis of the gas kinetic theory. The model takes into account the intermolecular interactions between the nanocylinders and gas molecules, i.e., the non-rigid-body effect. It is shown that the resulting formulae are consistent with the previous theory in the limit of rigid-body collisions. The lift forces acting on carbon nanotubes and long-chain$n$-alkanes are evaluated as examples. It is found that the non-rigid-body effect is of great importance for small nanocylinders at low temperatures.
Global and Local Challenges to Refugee Protection
Authors: Allard Silas W.
Published: May 2018

On October 12, 2017, the United States Attorney General, Jeff Sessions, took a short trip from Pennsylvania Avenue across the Potomac to Falls Church, Virginia. The Attorney General went to Falls Church to address personnel of the Executive Office of Immigration Review (EOIR), the agency that administers the United States’ immigration courts. The Attorney General's chosen topic for the day was “the fraud and abuse in our asylum system.” “Over the years,” the Attorney General argued, “Congress has rationally passed legislation designed to create an efficient and fair procedure to properly admit persons andexpedite the removalof aliens who enter the United States illegally.” The Attorney General is referring here to the “expedited removal” procedures that Congress created in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996. Expedited removal gives the Department of Homeland Security the power to deport, without a hearing, any person who was not admitted to the United States and who cannot prove continuous presence for the prior two years. The Department of Homeland Security currently exercises a narrower expedited removal authority pursuant to the Department's prosecutorial discretion. Only individuals apprehended within two weeks of entry and within 100 miles of a land border are subject to expedited removal, per Department regulations.
Making Special Collections Accessible to Users: Finding Aids
Authors: McGahee Clayton
Published: May 2018

Good afternoon, thank you for having me. My name is Clayton McGahee and I am the Archives Manager for Emory. My colleagues refer to me as the “Roving Archivist” in that I currently work in four archival repositories throughout Emory each week. These four areas consist of the Woodruff Health Sciences Library, Oxford College Library, Pitts Theology Library, and the MacMillan Law Library. I've been at Emory since 2013, and among my duties is that I am responsible for the creation and upload of finding aids for WHSCL, Law, and Oxford College archives.
Chinese chives and garlic in intercropping in strawberry high tunnels for Neopamera bilobata Say (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) control
Authors: Hata F.T. , Ventura M.U. , Béga V.L. , Camacho I.M. , de Paula M.T.
Published: May 2018

Strawberry is affected by several pests and diseases. Neopamera bilobata is an emerging pest that has been reported by several strawberry growers, usually associated with catfacing symptoms in fruits. We evaluated intercropping garlic or Chinese chives on N. bilobata populations on strawberry crops grown in high tunnels in two experiments. In the first experiment, we evaluated N. bilobata populations on strawberry intercropping with garlic plants (three densities: 8, 16, 24 GP – garlic plant per plot) on the bags by taking 12 samples from December 2015 to April 2017. N. bilobata populations on strawberry were also assessed when Chinese chives were grown under the suspended wooden structures in which strawberry plants are grown (‘undercropping’) (14 samples), in two high tunnels, from November 2016 to March 2017. The number of nymphs and adults on 14 randomly selected fruits per plot were assessed. During the garlic intercropping experiment, the treatments of three densities of garlic reduced N. bilobata populations; however, the 24 GP treatment caused a greater reduction than the 8 GP treatment. Garlic densities reduced N. bilobata populations by 35, 50, and 64% for the 8, 16, and 24 GP treatments, respectively. Chinese chives cultivated under the structures reduced N. bilobata populations by 47%. The results suggest that intercropping garlic or undercropping Chinese chives are suitable tools to be tested in integrated pest management in strawberry crops.
Molecular data favours a monogenericPeltulaceae(Lichinomycetes)
Authors: KAUFF Frank , BACHRAN Alexandra , SCHULTZ Matthias , HOFSTETTER Valérie , LUTZONI François , BÜDEL Burkhard
Published: May 2018

The familyPeltulaceaeis currently composed of the three generaPeltula,PhyllopeltulaandNeoheppia. The last two genera, both with two species, are distinguished fromPeltulaonly by a small number of morphological characters. The morphology of the genusPeltulavaries from peltate-umbilicate thalli to squamulose-semifruticose or squamulose-compound types, as well as subfoliose-compound and crustose types. All types have an upper epinecral layer and possess medullary cavities of various sizes; a lower cortex is normally present but is usually not developed in the subfoliose and crustose types. The generaNeoheppiaandPhyllopeltuladiffer from the commonPeltulamorphology by crustose-areolate and subfoliose-compound thalli, respectively. BothNeoheppiaandPhyllopeltulaare additionally characterized by the absence of medullary cavities and lower cortices. To investigate the phylogenetic validity ofPhyllopeltulaandNeoheppia, we sequenced six loci from representatives of these two genera together with 37 species fromPeltula. Despite the relatively high amount of conflict among loci, the results clearly indicate that bothPhyllopeltulaandNeoheppiaare not monophyletic, and are nested within the genusPeltula.Consequently, we subsumed species of these two genera within the genusPeltula.
Biometrics, condition index and meat yield of edible rock oyster,Saccostrea cucullata(Born, 1778)
Authors: Singh Yambem Tenjing
Published: May 2018

Rock oysters of the genusSaccostreaare the dominating group of filter-feeding communities on rocky beaches worldwide. The edible rock oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) is used as food and fish bait along the Indian coast. Morphometric analyses ofS. cucullatafrom Baindur, Karnataka (India) were performed from June 2010 to May 2011, aiming to establish relationships between length and weight (total weight, shell weight, meat wet weight and meat dry weight). Morphometric relationships between length (L)-breadth (B) and length (L)-width (W) were B = 6.4952 + 0.4619 L and W = 3.1806 + 0.3276L, respectively. The equations of the length (L)-total weight (TW), length (L)-shell weight (SW), length (L)-meat wet weight (WW) and length (L)-meat dry weight (DW) were TW = 0.001227L2.3973, SW = 0.001165L2.3164, WW = 0.000037L2.1327and DW = 0.000030L2.3289, respectively. The allometric growth pattern revealed changes in shell shape and weight variation throughout ontogeny in rocky habitats. The condition index and meat yield ofS. cucullataexhibited seasonality, with higher values recorded during the periods post-monsoon and pre-monsoon.
Living well with dementia: a systematic review and correlational meta-analysis of factors associated with quality of life, well-being and life satisfaction in people with dementia
Authors: Martyr Anthony , Nelis Sharon M. , Quinn Catherine , Wu Yu-Tzu , Lamont Ruth A. , Henderson Catherine , Clarke Rachel , Hindle John V. , Thom Jeanette M. , Jones Ian Rees , Morris Robin G. , Rusted Jennifer M. , Victor Christina R. , Clare Linda
Published: May 2018

Current policy emphasises the importance of ‘living well’ with dementia, but there has been no comprehensive synthesis of the factors related to quality of life (QoL), subjective well-being or life satisfaction in people with dementia. We examined the available evidence in a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched electronic databases until 7 January 2016 for observational studies investigating factors associated with QoL, well-being and life satisfaction in people with dementia. Articles had to provide quantitative data and include ⩾75% people with dementia of any type or severity. We included 198 QoL studies taken from 272 articles in the meta-analysis. The analysis focused on 43 factors with sufficient data, relating to 37639 people with dementia. Generally, these factors were significantly associated with QoL, but effect sizes were often small (0.1–0.29) or negligible (<0.09). Factors reflecting relationships, social engagement and functional ability were associated with better QoL. Factors indicative of poorer physical and mental health (including depression and other neuropsychiatric symptoms) and poorer carer well-being were associated with poorer QoL. Longitudinal evidence about predictors of QoL was limited. There was a considerable between-study heterogeneity. The pattern of numerous predominantly small associations with QoL suggests a need to reconsider approaches to understanding and assessing living well with dementia.
Radically insensitive theists
Authors: KIRK-GIANNINI CAMERON DOMENICO
Published: May 2018

Sceptical theists attempt to meet the challenge to theism posed by evidential arguments from evil by appealing to the limitations of human cognition. Drawing on an exchange between William Rowe and Michael Bergmann, I argue that consistent sceptical theists must beradically insensitiveto certain kinds of evidence about prima facie evils – that is, that they must endorse the claim that not even evidence of extreme and pervasive suffering could justify disbelief in theism. I show that Bergmann's attempt to respond to this problem does not succeed and argue that no alternative response is forthcoming, concluding that the threat of radical insensitivity constitutes a serious and underappreciated difficulty for sceptical theism.
Derived equivalent threefolds, algebraic representatives, and the coniveau filtration
Authors: ACHTER JEFFREY D. , CASALAINA-MARTIN SEBASTIAN , VIAL CHARLES
Published: May 2018

A conjecture of Orlov predicts that derived equivalent smooth projective varieties over a field have isomorphic Chow motives. The conjecture is known for curves, and was recently observed for surfaces by Huybrechts. In this paper we focus on threefolds over perfect fields, and unconditionally secure results, which are implied by Orlov's conjecture, concerning the geometric coniveau filtration, and abelian varieties attached to smooth projective varieties.
Scales for Scope: A New Solution to the Scope Problem for Pro-Attitude-Based Well-Being
Authors: VON KRIEGSTEIN HASKO
Published: May 2018

Theories of well-being that give an important role to satisfied pro-attitudes need to account for the fact that, intuitively, the scope of possible objects of pro-attitudes seems much wider than the scope of things, states or events that affect our well-being. Parfit famously illustrated this with his wish that a stranger may recover from an illness: it seems implausible that the stranger's recovery would constitute a benefit for Parfit. There is no consensus in the literature about how to rule out such well-being-irrelevant pro-attitudes. I argue, first, that there is no distinction in kind between well-being-relevant and irrelevant pro-attitudes. Instead, well-being-irrelevant pro-attitudes are the limiting cases on the scale measuringhow muchof a difference pro-attitudes make to the subject's well-being. Second, I propose a particular scalar model according to which the well-being-relevance of pro-attitudes is measured either by their hedonic tone, or by the subject's conative commitment.
Luminosity Failure, Normative Guidance and the Principle ‘Ought-Implies-Can’
Authors: HUGHES NICK
Published: May 2018

It is widely thought that moral obligations are necessarily guidance giving. This supposed fact has been put to service in defence of the ‘ought-implies-can’ principle according to which one cannot be morally obligated to do the impossible, since impossible-to-satisfy obligations would not give guidance. It is argued here that the supposed fact is no such thing; moral obligations are not necessarily guiding giving, and so the ‘guidance argument’ for ought-implies-can fails.
KINGS OF THE EAST: ALTUN HA AND THE WATER SCROLL EMBLEM GLYPH
Authors: Helmke Christophe , Guenter Stanley P. , Wanyerka Phillip J.
Published: May 2018

The importance of emblem glyphs to Maya studies has long been recognized. Among these are emblems that have yet to be conclusively matched to archaeological sites. The Water Scroll emblem glyph is one such example, although it appears numerous times in the Classic Maya written corpus between the sixth and the eighth centuries. These many references are found at a variety of sites across the lowlands, attesting to the importance of this ancient kingdom and the kings who carried this title. In the present paper, we review the epigraphic and archaeological evidence and propose that this may be the royal title of the kings who reigned from Altun Ha, in the east central Maya lowlands, in what is now Belize. In so doing, we also begin to reconstruct the dynastic history of the Water Scroll kings, from the vantage of both local and foreign sources.
CERAMIC ETHNOARCHAEOLOGY IN HUÁNCITO, MICHOACÁN, MEXICO
Authors: Williams Eduardo
Published: May 2018

This study deals with pottery production in Huáncito, a Tarascan or Purepecha community in Michoacán, Mexico. The information I have obtained by direct observation during a quarter-century of ethnoarchaeological fieldwork in this town allows me to generate hypotheses to aid in the interpretation of the archaeological record. The main goal of this study is to assist in the interpretation of the material record of ceramic production by means of ethnographic analogy. The observations conducted over a long period of time have given me an invaluable diachronic perspective for understanding many aspects of social change and cultural continuity, including patterns of ceramic manufacture, use, and discard, as well as the use of domestic space and the archaeological visibility of potting activities in the context of the households.
Penal Law in the Roman Catholic Church
Authors: Domingo Rafael
Published: May 2018

This article provides a general account of the universal law of sanctions in the Roman Catholic Church. The crisis of the Catholic Church caused by clergy sexual abuse of minors has revealed, among other things, the widespread well-intentioned but naïve inclination to resort to penal law as opposed to any theology of mercy and forgiveness. Although the author argues that penal law has a proper place in the Catholic Church, he considers that in a voluntary community that shares a homogeneous system of moral values without strong penalties involving deprivation of liberty – a community like the Catholic Church – moral and administrative sanctions could be more effective than penal sanctions. A distinction between administrative sanctions and penal sanctions, and therefore between administrative tribunals (should they be established) and penal tribunals, is highly recommended.
Initial validation of a transdiagnostic compulsivity questionnaire: the Cambridge–Chicago Compulsivity Trait Scale
Authors: Chamberlain Samuel R. , Grant Jon E.
Published: May 2018

Objective

Compulsivity refers to a tendency toward repetitive habitual behaviors. Multiple disorders have compulsive symptoms at their core, including substance use disorders, gambling disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The aim of this study was to validate a scale for the objective, transdiagnostic measurement of compulsivity.

Methods

The 15-item Cambridge–Chicago Compulsivity Trait Scale (CHI-T) was developed for the rapid but comprehensive measurement of compulsivity. Adults aged 18–29y were recruited using media advertisements, and completed the CHI-T in addition to demographic, clinical, and cognitive assessment. The validity and psychometric properties of the scale were quantified.

Results

A total of 112 participants completed the study. The scale yielded a normal distribution with very few outliers. It had excellent psychometric properties, with high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.8), and excellent convergent validity against gold-standard assessments of compulsive symptoms (each p<0.001 for gambling disorder, obsessive-compulsive, and substance use disorder symptoms). Total scores on the scale correlated significantly with less risk-adjustment on the decision-making task (rigid response style), and divergent validity was confirmed against other cognitive domains (response inhibition and executive planning). The above significant findings withstood Bonferroni correction. Factor analysis suggested the existence of two latent factors: one related mainly to reward-seeking and the need for perfection, and the other relating to anxiolytic/soothing features of compulsivity.

Conclusion

The CHI-T, a scale designed to measure transdiagnostic compulsivity, appears to show excellent psychometric properties in a normative population and merits further investigation in the context of clinical patient populations, including in treatment trials.
The reionization times of z=0 galaxies
Authors: Aubert Dominique
Published: May 2018

We study the inhomogeneity of the reionization process by comparing the reionization times of z = 0 galaxies as a function of their mass. For this purpose, we combine the results of the CODA-I AMR radiative hydrodynamics simulation of the Reionization with the halo merger trees of a pure dark matter tree-code z = 0 simulation evolved from the same set of initial conditions. We find that galaxies with M(z = 0) > 1011M⊙ are reionized earlier than the whole Universe, with e.g. MW-like haloes reionized between 100 and 300 million years before the diffuse IGM. Lighter galaxies reionized as late as the global volume, probably from external radiation.
LSST and the Epoch of Reionization Experiments
Authors: Ivezić Željko
Published: May 2018

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), a next generation astronomical survey, sited on Cerro Pachon in Chile, will provide an unprecedented amount of imaging data for studies of the faint optical sky. The LSST system includes an 8.4m (6.7m effective) primary mirror and a 3.2 Gigapixel camera with a 9.6 sq. deg. field of view. This system will enable about 10,000 sq. deg. of sky to be covered twice per night, every three to four nights on average, with typical 5-sigma depth for point sources ofr= 24.5 (AB). With over 800 observations in theugrizybands over a 10-year period, these data will enable coadded images reachingr= 27.5 (about 5 magnitudes deeper than SDSS) as well as studies of faint time-domain astronomy. The measured properties of newly discovered and known astrometric and photometric transients will be publicly reported within 60 sec after closing the shutter. The resulting hundreds of petabytes of imaging data for about 40 billion objects will be used for scientific investigations ranging from the properties of near-Earth asteroids to characterizations of dark matter and dark energy. For example, simulations estimate that LSST will discover about 1,000 quasars at redshifts exceeding 7; this sample will place tight constraints on the cosmic environment at the end of the reionization epoch. In addition to a brief introduction to LSST, I review the value of LSST data in support of epoch of reionization experiments and discuss how international participants can join LSST.
The angular power spectrum measurement of the Galactic synchrotron emission using the TGSS survey
Authors: Choudhuri Samir , Bharadwaj Somnath , Ali Sk. Saiyad , Roy Nirupam , Intema H. T. , Ghosh Abhik
Published: May 2018

Characterizing the diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission (DGSE) at arcminute angular scales is needed to remove this foregrounds in cosmological 21-cm measurements. Here, we present the angular power spectrum (Cℓ) measurement of the diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission using two fields observed by the TIFR GMRT Sky Survey (TGSS). We apply 2D Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) to estimate the Cℓ from the visibilities. We find that the residual data after subtracting the point sources is likely dominated by the diffuse Galactic synchrotron radiation across the angular multipole range 240 ≤ ℓ ≲ 500. We fit a power law to the measured Cℓ over this ℓ range. We find that the slopes in both fields are consistent with earlier measurements. For the second field, however, we interpret the measured Cℓ as an upper limit for the DGSE as there is an indication of a significant residual point source contribution.
Social preferences for prioritising the treatment of disabled and chronically ill patients: beyond the order effect
Authors: Mckie John , Richardson Jeff
Published: May 2018

Previous evidence suggests that members of the public value life saving services differently when they are for patients with a pre-existing permanent disability and when they are for patients who become disabled at the onset of treatment – for example, as a result of treatment that is not entirely effective. However, the valuation of services in these two cases has also been found to differ with the order in which they are presented in a population survey. This casts doubt upon the validity of the results and leaves unresolved the nature of the public’s true preferences. The study reported here had three main objectives: (i) to determine the considered, underlying preferences of a sample of the Australian public with respect to the treatment of the permanently disabled and chronically ill, (ii) to gain insight into the reasons for respondent’s distributive preferences and (iii) to eliminate or significantly reduce the order effect. Eight semi-structured, small-group discussions were held with 66 members of the public in Victoria, Australia. Order effects were effectively eliminated. The study found substantial support among participants for the equal treatment of the permanently disabled and chronically ill regardless of when the problem commenced.
Impacts of the type of social health insurance on health service utilisation and expenditures: implications for a unified system in China
Authors: Tan Si Ying , Wu Xun , Yang Wei
Published: May 2018

While moving towards unified social health insurance (SHI) is often a politically popular policy reform in countries where rapid expansion in health insurance coverage has given rise to the segmentation of SHI systems as different SHI schemes were rolled out to serve different populations, the potential impacts of reform on service utilisation and health costs have not been systematically studied. Using data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we compared the mean costs incurred for both inpatient and outpatient care under different health insurance schemes, and the impact of different SHI schemes on treatment utilisation and health care costs using a two-part model. Our results show that Urban Employee Medical Insurance, which offers the most generous benefits, incurs the highest total costs prior to reimbursement when compared to other SHI schemes. Our analysis also shows that utilisation of SHI did not show significant reduction in out-of-pocket payments for outpatients. We argue that, unless effective measures are introduced to deal with perverse provider payment incentives, the move towards a unified system with more generous benefits may usher in a new wave of cost escalation for health care systems in China.
WiMAX and C bands semi-fractal circularly polarized antenna with satellite bands filtering properties
Authors: Sedghi T. , Aribi T. , Kalami A.
Published: May 2018

A compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed circular polarization (CP)-antenna for new generation applications with dual bands filtering performance along with CP feature based on unit-cell semi-fractal is proposed in this paper. The CP-antenna privileges from semi-fractal radiator causes to have a miniaturized size. The stopped bands are designed to suppress the interference with present WLAN and ITU-R satellite systems. These properties are obtained by embedding semi-fractal unit-cell patterns stubs at the radiator and applying two rectangular-shaped slits inside CPW ground plane and a pair of grounded L-shaped strips. By introducing the first step of semi-fractal strips, and the mirrored defected ground surface structures, dual-band rejection functionality at WLAN (5–6 GHz) and ITU-R (7.725–8.5 GHz) are practically obtained. Besides that, semi-fractal strips results to two orthogonal modes stimulation on the radiator and CP attribute are obtained at WiMAX (3.1–3.7 GHz). CP-antenna presents omni-directional radiation H-plane patterns over the applicational frequency band. The CP-antennas size is 25 mm × 25 mm and fabricated on commercially available FR4-epoxy substrate with 1 mm thickness. Measured results illustrate that the proposed ultimate CP-antenna with miniaturized structure, efficient impedance tuning characteristics, and adequate radiation performances is the best choice for new generation of wireless communications.
Quantifying and Mitigating Wind‐Induced Undercatch in Rainfall Measurements
Authors: Pollock M. D. , O'Donnell G. , Quinn P. , Dutton M. , Black A. , Wilkinson M. E. , Colli M. , Stagnaro M. , Lanza L. G. , Lewis E. , Kilsby C. G. , O'Connell P. E.
Published: May 2018

Despite the apparent simplicity, it is notoriously difficult to measure rainfall accurately because of the challenging environment within which it is measured. Systematic bias caused by wind is inherent in rainfall measurement and introduces an inconvenient unknown into hydrological science that is generally ignored. This paper examines the role of rain gauge shape and mounting height on catch efficiency (CE), where CE is defined as the ratio between nonreference and reference rainfall measurements. Using a pit gauge as a reference, we have demonstrated that rainfall measurements from an exposed upland site, recorded by an adjacent conventional cylinder rain gauge mounted at 0.5 m, were underestimated by more than 23% on average. At an exposed lowland site, with lower wind speeds on average, the equivalent mean undercatch was 9.4% for an equivalent gauge pairing. An improved‐aerodynamic gauge shape enhanced CE when compared to a conventional cylinder gauge shape. For an improved‐aerodynamic gauge mounted at 0.5 m above the ground, the mean undercatch was 11.2% at the upland site and 3.4% at the lowland site. The mounting height of a rain gauge above the ground also affected CE due to the vertical wind gradient near to the ground. Identical rain gauges mounted at 0.5 and 1.5 m were compared at an upland site, resulting in a mean undercatch of 11.2% and 17.5%, respectively. By selecting three large rainfall events and splitting them into shorter‐duration intervals, a relationship explaining 81% of the variance was established between CE and wind speed.
New Lander en Route to Probe the Red Planet’s Interior
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: May 2018

The Mars InSight mission aims to answer key planetary science questions about seismicity, meteorite impacts, and the formation of rocky planets.
The Collaborative Seismic Earth Model: Generation 1
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , van Herwaarden Dirk‐Philip , Afanasiev Michael , Simutė Saulė , Krischer Lion , Çubuk‐Sabuncu Yeşim , Taymaz Tuncay , Colli Lorenzo , Saygin Erdinc , Villaseñor Antonio , Trampert Jeannot , Cupillard Paul , Bunge Hans‐Peter , Igel Heiner
Published: May 2018

We present a general concept for evolutionary, collaborative, multiscale inversion of geophysical data, specifically applied to the construction of a first‐generation Collaborative Seismic Earth Model. This is intended to address the limited resources of individual researchers and the often limited use of previously accumulated knowledge. Model evolution rests on a Bayesian updating scheme, simplified into a deterministic method that honors today's computational restrictions. The scheme is able to harness distributed human and computing power. It furthermore handles conflicting updates, as well as variable parameterizations of different model refinements or different inversion techniques. The first‐generation Collaborative Seismic Earth Model comprises 12 refinements from full seismic waveform inversion, ranging from regional crustal‐ to continental‐scale models. A global full‐waveform inversion ensures that regional refinements translate into whole‐Earth structure.
Satellite Observations of Precipitating Marine Stratocumulus Show Greater Cloud Fraction for Decoupled Clouds in Comparison to Coupled Clouds
Authors: Goren Tom , Rosenfeld Daniel , Sourdeval Odran , Quaas Johannes
Published: May 2018

This study examines the relationships between marine stratocumulus clouds (MSC) coupling state with the ocean surface, their precipitation rate and fractional cloud cover (CF). This was possible by developing a novel methodology for satellite retrieval of the clouds coupling state. Decks of overcast MSC were reported in previous studies to break up often as their precipitation rate increases significantly, thus reducing CF and cloud radiative effect substantially. Here we show that decks of precipitating decoupled MSC have larger CF compared to similarly precipitating coupled MSC. The difference in CF between decoupled and coupled clouds was found to increase with precipitation rate, up to nearly doubling the CF of the heaviest precipitating decoupled MSC. This suggests that decoupling is a feature related to higher cloud radiative effect in precipitating MSC.
The Persistence of Brines in Sedimentary Basins
Authors: Ferguson Grant , McIntosh Jennifer C. , Grasby Stephen E. , Hendry M. Jim , Jasechko Scott , Lindsay Matthew B. J. , Luijendijk Elco
Published: May 2018

Brines are commonly found at depth in sedimentary basins. Many of these brines are known to be connate waters that have persisted since the early Paleozoic Era. Yet questions remain about their distribution and mechanisms for retention at depth in the Earth's crust. Here we demonstrate that there is insufficient topography to drive these dense fluids from the bottom of deep sedimentary basins. Our assessment based on driving force ratio indicates that sedimentary basins with driving force ratio > 1 contain connate waters and frequently host large evaporite deposits. These stagnant conditions appear to be relatively stable over geological time and insensitive to factors such as glaciations, erosion, compaction, and hydrocarbon generation.
Aurora A-dependent CENP-A phosphorylation at inner centromeres protects bioriented chromosomes against cohesion fatigue
Authors: Eot-Houllier Grégory , Magnaghi-Jaulin Laura , Fulcrand Géraldine , Moyroud François-Xavier , Monier Solange , Jaulin Christian
Published: May 2018

Sustained spindle tension applied to sister centromeres during mitosis eventually leads to uncoordinated loss of sister chromatid cohesion, a phenomenon known as “cohesion fatigue.” We report that Aurora A-dependent phosphorylation of serine 7 of the centromere histone variant CENP-A (p-CENP-AS7) protects bioriented chromosomes against cohesion fatigue. Expression of a non-phosphorylatable version of CENP-A (CENP-AS7A) weakens sister chromatid cohesion only when sister centromeres are under tension, providing the first evidence of a regulated mechanism involved in protection against passive cohesion loss. Consistent with this observation, p-CENP-AS7 is detected at the inner centromere where it forms a discrete domain. The depletion or inhibition of Aurora A phenocopies the expression of CENP-AS7A and we show that Aurora A is recruited to centromeres in a Bub1-dependent manner. We propose that Aurora A-dependent phosphorylation of CENP-A at the inner centromere protects chromosomes against tension-induced cohesion fatigue until the last kinetochore is attached to spindle microtubules.
Beliefs about others’ intentions determine whether cooperation is the faster choice
Authors: Castro Santa Juana , Exadaktylos Filippos , Soto-Faraco Salvador
Published: May 2018

Is collaboration the fast choice for humans? Past studies proposed that cooperation is a behavioural default, based on Response Times (RT) findings. Here we contend that the individual’s reckoning of the immediate social environment shapes her predisposition to cooperate and, hence, response latencies. In a social dilemma game, we manipulate the beliefs about the partner’s intentions to cooperate and show that they act as a switch that determines cooperation and defection RTs; when the partner’s intention to cooperate is perceived as high, cooperation choices are speeded up, while defection is slowed down. Importantly, this social context effect holds across varying expected payoffs, indicating that it modulates behaviour regardless of choices’ similarity in monetary terms. Moreover, this pattern is moderated by individual variability in social preferences: Among conditional cooperators, high cooperation beliefs speed up cooperation responses and slow down defection. Among free-riders, defection is always faster and more likely than cooperation, while high cooperation beliefs slow down all decisions. These results shed new light on the conflict of choices account of response latencies, as well as on the intuitive cooperation hypothesis, and can help to correctly interpret and reconcile previous, apparently contradictory results, by considering the role of context in social dilemmas.
PLGA nanoparticles co-delivering MDR1 and BCL2 siRNA for overcoming resistance of paclitaxel and cisplatin in recurrent or advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Risnayanti Chitra , Jang Yeong-Su , Lee Jinju , Ahn Hyung Jun
Published: May 2018

The inherent or acquired resistance to paclitaxel and cisplatin, which are commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for ovarian cancer treatment, remains an important issue in chemotherapy of multidrug resistant ovarian cancer. Currently, it is still challenging to deal with the recurrent or advanced stage ovarian cancer. When drug efflux and anti-apoptotic pathways are highly interdependent and also involved in developing the resistance of multidrug resistant ovarian cancer, simultaneous inhibition of both pathways represents the potential targets to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. Here, we introduce PLGA nanoparticles system as a “dual RNAi delivery system” to contain both MDR1 and BCL2 siRNA, which is designed for simultaneous inhibition of drug efflux and cell death defense pathways. In the present studies, siRNA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles efficiently elicit the simultaneous suppression of both genes, which consequently shows more enhanced drug-sensitivity than sole suppression of drug efflux or anti-apoptosis in the resistant ovarian cancer cells, owing to the interdependence of both pathways. Our siRNA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for co-delivering MDR1 and BCL2 siRNA provide an efficient combination therapy strategy to overcome the chemoresistance of paclitaxel and cisplatin on the paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3-TR and cisplatin-resistant A2780-CP20 ovarian cancer respectively.
New applications of spectroscopy techniques reveal phylogenetically significant soft tissue residue in Paleozoic conodonts
Authors: Terrill D. F. , Henderson C. M. , Anderson J. S.
Published: May 2018

Spectroscopic evidence of soft tissue in conodont fossils strengthens evolutionary link to modern cyclostomes and the earliest vertebrates.
Supramolecular binding and release of sulfide and hydrosulfide anions in water
Authors: Vázquez J. , Sindelar V.
Published: May 2018

Bambusuril macrocycles bind and release sulfide and hydrosulfide anions in water.
Crystalline structure and magnetic properties of structurally ordered cobalt–iron alloys grown on Bi-containing topological insulators and systems with giant Rashba splitting
Authors: Kaveev Andrey K. , Sokolov Nikolay S. , Suturin Sergey M. , Zhiltsov Nikita S. , Golyashov Vladimir A. , Kokh Konstantin A. , Prosvirin Igor P. , Tereshchenko Oleg E. , Sawada Masahiro
Published: May 2018

Structurally ordered metallic nanostructures on Bi-containing TI surfaces were obtained, with detailed studies of their crystalline structure and magnetic properties.
Dissociative adsorption of a multifunctional compound on a semiconductor surface: a theoretical study of the adsorption of hydroxylamine on Ge(100)
Authors: Park Hyunkyung , Kim Do Hwan
Published: May 2018

The adsorption behavior of hydroxylamine on a Ge(100) surface was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Unexpected protonation state of Glu197 discovered from simulations of tacrine in butyrylcholinesterase
Authors: Wan Xiao , Yao Yuan , Fang Lei , Liu Junjun
Published: May 2018

An inappropriate protonation state of Glu197 results in a distorted catalytic triad of BChE.
A kinetics study of the heterogeneous reaction ofn-butylamine with succinic acid using an ATR-FTIR flow reactor
Authors: Gao Xiaoyan , Zhang Yunhong , Liu Yong
Published: May 2018

Heterogeneous reaction between succinic acid thin film and gas phasen-butylamine was studied, and results show that the reaction follows Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism and overall kinetics is dominated by surface reaction.
Synthesis of pure silica MFI zeolites using imidazolium-based long dications. A comparative study of structure-directing effects derived from a further spacer length increase
Authors: Lu Peng , Gómez-Hortigüela Luis , Camblor Miguel A.
Published: May 2018

Structure-direction towards MFI by methylimidazolium-based dications emerge at specific spacer lengths, also determining defect concentrations and fluoride/imidazolium interactions.
Ultra-rapid rates of water splitting for biohydrogen gas production throughin vitroartificial enzymatic pathways
Authors: Kim Eui-Jin , Kim Jae-Eung , Zhang Yi-Heng P. Job
Published: May 2018

Ultra-rapid biohydrogen production from water splitting energized by a natural energy storage compound starch with an artificial enzymatic biosystem.
One-pot synthesis of highly stable carbon–MoS2nanosphere electrodes using a co-growth mechanism for supercapacitors
Authors: Luo Wenhao , Zhang Guofeng , Cui Yingxue , Liu Yanxia , Jin Cen , Hao Jing , Zhang Jing , Zheng Wenjun
Published: May 2018

The carbon–MoS2nanosphere was successfully prepared using a co-growth mechanism in a one-pot synthesis. The co-growth process gave the composite electrode good stability at a large current density for a long cycle life.
An urchin-like MgCo2O4@PPy core–shell composite grown on Ni foam for a high-performance all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Gao Haiwen , Wang Xiaohong , Wang Ganghu , Hao Chen , Zhou Saisai , Huang Chengxiang
Published: May 2018

Construction of an urchin-like MgCo2O4@PPy core–shell composite and its application in an all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor.
Recent progress in Zn-based anodes for advanced lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Guanhua , Liu Quanhui , Duan Huigao
Published: May 2018

Recent progress, including storage mechanisms, synthetic methods, advanced strategies and electrochemical performance of Zn-based anodes in LIBs, is reviewed.
ZnBr2-catalyzed directC-glycosylation of glycosyl acetates with terminal alkynes
Authors: He Haiqing , Qin Hong-Bo
Published: May 2018

C-Alkynyl glycosides were synthesizedviaZnBr2-catalyzed cross-coupling of glycosyl acetates with terminal alkynes.
An efficient hierarchical nanostructured Pr6O11 electrode for solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Sharma R. K. , Djurado E.
Published: May 2018

Fabrication by ESD and electrochemical properties of various innovative hierarchical nanostructured and pure Pr6O11 electrodes for SOFCs are reported.
Weighting of Amplitude and Formant Rise Time Cues by School-Aged Children: A Mismatch Negativity Study
Authors: Peter Varghese , Kalashnikova Marina , Burnham Denis
Published: May 2018

Purpose

An important skill in the development of speech perception is to apply optimal weights to acoustic cues so that phonemic information is recovered from speech with minimum effort. Here, we investigated the development of acoustic cue weighting of amplitude rise time (ART) and formant rise time (FRT) cues in children as measured by mismatch negativity (MMN).

Method

Twelve adults and 36 children aged 6–12 years listened to a /ba/–/wa/ contrast in an oddball paradigm in which the standard stimulus had the ART and FRT cues of /ba/. In different blocks, the deviant stimulus had either the ART or FRT cues of /wa/.

Results

The results revealed that children younger than 10 years were sensitive to both ART and FRT cues whereas 10- to 12-year-old children and adults were sensitive only to FRT cues. Moreover, children younger than 10 years generated a positive mismatch response, whereas older children and adults generated MMN.

Conclusion

These results suggest that preattentive adultlike weighting of ART and FRT cues is attained only by 10 years of age and accompanies the change from mismatch response to the more mature MMN response.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6207608
Astrometric and photometric accuracies in high contrast imaging: The SPHERE speckle calibration tool (SpeCal)
Authors: Galicher R. , Boccaletti A. , Mesa D. , Delorme P. , Gratton R. , Langlois M. , Lagrange A.-M. , Maire A.-L. , Le Coroller H. , Chauvin G. , Biller B. , Cantalloube F. , Janson M. , Lagadec E. , Meunier N. , Vigan A. , Hagelberg J. , Bonnefoy M. , Zurlo A. , Rocha S. , Maurel D. , Jaquet M. , Buey T. , Weber L.
Published: May 2018

Context. The consortium of the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch installed at the Very Large Telescope (SPHERE/VLT) has been operating its guaranteed observation time (260 nights over five years) since February 2015. The main part of this time (200 nights) is dedicated to the detection and characterization of young and giant exoplanets on wide orbits.

Aims. The large amount of data must be uniformly processed so that accurate and homogeneous measurements of photometry and astrometry can be obtained for any source in the field.

Methods. To complement the European Southern Observatory pipeline, the SPHERE consortium developed a dedicated piece of software to process the data. First, the software corrects for instrumental artifacts. Then, it uses the speckle calibration tool (SpeCal) to minimize the stellar light halo that prevents us from detecting faint sources like exoplanets or circumstellar disks. SpeCal is meant to extract the astrometry and photometry of detected point-like sources (exoplanets, brown dwarfs, or background sources). SpeCal was intensively tested to ensure the consistency of all reduced images (cADI, Loci, TLoci, PCA, and others) for any SPHERE observing strategy (ADI, SDI, ASDI as well as the accuracy of the astrometry and photometry of detected point-like sources.

Results. SpeCal is robust, user friendly, and efficient at detecting and characterizing point-like sources in high contrast images. It is used to process all SPHERE data systematically, and its outputs have been used for most of the SPHERE consortium papers to date. SpeCal is also a useful framework to compare different algorithms using various sets of data (different observing modes and conditions). Finally, our tests show that the extracted astrometry and photometry are accurate and not biased.