bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Scalar Implicature Interpretations From Lexical Knowledge
Authors: Grinstead John , Kirk Sadler , Pratt Amy , Arrieta-Zamudio Ana
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

We measure typically developing monolingual child Spanish speakers' lexical development with a range of standard expressive and receptive tests. We also measure their comprehension of sentences with the existential quantifier
algunos
“some” to determine their abilities to generate “some, but not all” scalar implicatures or pragmatically enriched quantifier interpretations. We then determine the degree to which lexical development predicts implicature interpretations.

Method:

We fit regression models with lexical measures as predictor variables and implicature interpretations as the outcome variable. We then divide the child sample into implicature generators (50/61) and implicature nongenerators (11/61) and test the usefulness of the four lexical measures in a linear discriminant function analysis to separate children into these two categories.

Results:

Results show significant correlations between each lexical measure and the outcome variable and, in a regression, that three of four lexical measures account for unique variance. Furthermore, the linear discriminant function analysis separates children into implicature nongenerators with 100% accuracy (11/11) and implicature generators with 88% accuracy (44/50).

Conclusions:

The Quantity Scale, or set of quantity-expressing determiners, proposed by Horn and Grice, develops as a function of the links among its quantifiers. We speculate that children's lexicons refract approximate number system representations in language- and morpheme-specific ways. These quantified noun phrases (NPs) are then merged into sentences interpreted pragmatically with conversationally computed implicatures, using higher order reasoning.
Profiles of Dysarthria and Dysphagia in Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Donohue Cara , Gray Lauren Tabor , Anderson Amber , DiBiase Lauren , Wymer James P. , Plowman Emily K.
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

While dysarthria and dysphagia are known bulbar manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the relative prevalence of speech and swallowing impairments and whether these bulbar symptoms emerge at the same time point or progress at similar rates is not yet clear. We, therefore, sought to determine the relative prevalence of speech and swallowing impairments in a cohort of individuals with ALS and to determine the impact of disease duration, severity, and onset type on bulbar impairments.

Method:

Eighty-eight individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of ALS completed the ALS Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS-R), underwent videofluoroscopy (VF), and completed the Sentence Intelligibility Test (SIT) during a single visit. Demographic variables including disease duration and onset type were also obtained from participants. Duplicate, independent, and blinded ratings were completed using the Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) scale and SIT to index dysphagia (DIGEST ≥ 1) and dysarthria (< 96% intelligible and/or < 150 words per minute) status. Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-squared tests, independent-samples
t
tests, and odds ratios were performed.

Results:

Dysphagia and dysarthria were instrumentally confirmed in 68% and 78% of individuals with ALS, respectively. Dysarthria and dysphagia were associated (
p
= .01), and bulbar impairment profile distributions in rank order included (a) dysphagia – dysarthria (59%,
n
= 52), (b) no dysphagia – dysarthria (19%,
n
= 17), (c) no dysphagia – no dysarthria (13%,
n
= 11), and (d) dysphagia – no dysarthria (9%,
n
= 8). Participants with dysphagia or dysarthria demonstrated 4.2 higher odds of exhibiting a bulbar impairment in the other domain than participants with normal speech and swallowing (95% CI [1.5, 12.2]). There were no differences in ALSFRS-R total scores or disease duration across bulbar impairment profiles (
p
> .05). ALSFRS-R bulbar subscale scores were significantly lower in individuals with dysphagia versus no dysphagia (8.4 vs. 10.4,
p
< .0001) and dysarthria versus no dysarthria (8.5 vs. 10.9,
p
< .0001). Dysphagia and onset type (
p
= .003) and dysarthria and onset type were associated (
p
< .0001).

Conclusions:

Over half of the individuals with ALS in this study demonstrated both dysphagia and dysarthria. Of those with only one bulbar impairment, speech was twice as likely to be the first bulbar symptom to degrade. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine the longitudinal progression of bulbar impairments in this patient population.
An integrated approach for mental health assessment using emotion analysis and scales
Authors: Shanthi N. , Stonier Albert Alexander , Sherine Anli , Devaraju T. , Abinash S. , Ajay R. , Arul Prasath V. , Ganji Vivekananda
Published: December 2022

Depression is a prominent cause of mental illness, which could primarily increase early death. It is possible that this is the root of suicidal ideation, and it causes severe impairment in daily life. By detecting human face traits, artificial intelligence (AI) has cleared the road for predicting human emotions. This predictive technique will be used to conduct a preliminary assessment of depression. Prediction is accomplished using a mixture of four modules namely Facial Emotion Recognition (FER), Scales Questionnaire, Speech Emotion Recognition (SER), and Doctor Chat. FER2013 dataset is used for the FER module, while for speech‐based recognition, RAVDESS, TESS, SAVEE, and CREMA‐D are collectively used. To improve the accuracy of the FER, the people in the given image will be fed into a Face API created with TensorFlow JS, which will eventually be given to the proposed model that will recognize human faces in the image. For SER, a python library known as Librosa is used for extracting audio features and it will be fed to the proposed model. The scales module of the app has questionnaires that can be answered, and the result can be generated based on the scores obtained using established scales used in modern psychology such as the HAM‐D, YMRS etc., Though deep learning can predict emotions, the user may choose to speak with a real doctor about the issues to clear up any doubts. The application has a Doctor Chat module, which is essentially a chat bot for interacting with a doctor. Using this module, the users can talk, exchange files, and have their questions answered. The accuracy of FER is 91% whereas for SER, it is 82% on the test sets. The proposed approach produces the highest accuracy for the benchmark dataset. These four modules will work together to produce a homogenous depression report.
Distributed square root fuzzy cubature information filter for object tracking on the possibilistic framework
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , He Bing , liu Gang , Zifeng Gong , Zhang Xianyang
Published: December 2022

In this study, a distributed fuzzy filter is proposed for a non‐linear state estimation problem on the possibilistic framework. Firstly, instead of Gaussian distribution on the probability framework, the process and observation noises are modelled as fuzzy random variables with trapezoidal possibility distributions. Secondly, a novel square root fuzzy cubature information filtering (SRFCIF) algorithm is proposed to deal with non‐linear state estimation with fuzzy noise; a fuzzy variable fusion (FVF) algorithm is used for fuzzy random variables fusion. Consequently, a distributed square root fuzzy cubature information filter (DSRFCIF) is proposed by embedding SRFCF and FVF into the consensus frame. Finally, consistency analysis and simulation demonstration are executed for the proposed filter.
Kinematics and brightness temperatures of transition discs
Authors: Wölfer L. , Facchini S. , van der Marel N. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Benisty M. , Bohn A. J. , Francis L. , Izquierdo A. F. , Teague R. D.
Published: December 2022

Context. In recent years, high-angular-resolution observations of the dust and gas content in circumstellar discs have revealed a variety of morphologies, naturally triggering the question of whether these substructures are driven by forming planets interacting with their environment or other mechanisms. While it remains difficult to directly image embedded planets, one of the most promising methods to distinguish disc-shaping mechanisms is to study the kinematics of the gas disc. Characterising deviations from Keplerian rotation can then be used to probe underlying perturbations such as planet-disc interactions. Creating spiral structures, the latter can also be traced in the brightness temperature.

Aims. In this paper, we aim to analyse the gas brightness temperatures and kinematics of a sample of 36 transition discs observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to resolve and characterise possible substructures that may be tracing embedded companions.

Methods. For our analysis, we use archival Band 6 and Band 7 ALMA observations of different CO isotopologues (12CO, 13CO, and C18O) and fit different Keplerian disc models (thin and thick disc geometry) to the retrieved velocity field of each disc.

Results. After the subtraction of an azimuthally averaged brightness temperature profile and Keplerian rotation model from the peak brightness temperature and velocity maps, we find significant substructures in eight sources of our sample (CQ Tau, GG Tau, HD 100453, HD 142527, HD 169142, HP Cha, TW Hya, and UX Tau A) in both the brightness temperature and velocity residuals. Other sources show tentative features, while about half of our sample does not show any substructures in the temperature and kinematics that may be indicative of planet-disc interactions.

Conclusions. For the first time, we compare the substructures from our analysis with various other indicators for the presence of planets. About 20% of discs show strong features such as arcs or spirals, possibly associated with the presence of planets, while the majority of discs do not present as clear planet-driven signatures. Almost all discs that exhibit spirals in near-infrared scattered light show at least tentative features in the CO data. The present data are able to reveal only very massive bodies and a lack of features may suggest that, if there are planets at all, they are of lower mass (<1–3 MJ) or may be located closer to the star within deep cavities. Deeper and higher resolution observations and modelling efforts are needed to confirm such scenarios.
Research on the Inducing Mechanism of Customers’ Impulsive Buying in “Double 11” Shopping Carnival
Authors: Zuo Weiwei , Lian Zhihua
Published: December 2022

In recent years, impulse buying is increasingly common in China. Online impulse buying (OIB) has drawn increasing scholarly attention across disciplines. This study focuses on the impulse buying of “Double 11” Shopping Carnival, taking “Double 11” Shopping Carnival consumers as research object, through related theory, secondary data analysis and social network analysis, exploring the relationship between marketing stimulation, impulse buying and emotional response, and establish a theoretical model and propose hypotheses. Data were obtained form 325 consumers. According to the statistical analysis result, the paper demonstrates that the theoretical model verifies the consumers’ impulsive buying can make a mediating effect between marketing stimulation and happy emotion, emotion of guilty, regretful emotion. In summary, this study made some marketing suggestions for the enterprises, including the utility of different ways to cause different kinds of emotions after impulsive buying for consumers.
Vergleichende Risiko/Nutzen-Analyse verschiedener
psychotroper Substanzen aus der Perspektive deutscher Drogenkonsumenten und
Suchtmediziner – Ein Beitrag für die Psychoedukationsarbeit mit
Abhängigkeitserkrankten und
Restriktions-/Legalisierungsdebatten
Authors: Kanti Ann-Kristin , Specka Michael , Scherbaum Norbert , Bonnet Udo
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund Es existiert keine aktuelle internationale Vergleichsstudie
von Drogenkonsumenten und Suchtexperten zur Einschätzung des
Risiko/Nutzen-Profils legaler und illegaler psychotroper Substanzen und
zudem keine auch ältere Studie dazu aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum.

Methodik Ergänzend zu den bereits veröffentlichten Daten
101 deutscher Suchtexperten (in diesem Journal publiziert, [1]) wurden analog
100 substanzabhängige Drogenkonsumenten während ihrer
stationären Entzugsbehandlung (Akutkrankenhaus) oder
Entwöhnungsbehandlung (Rehabilitationskrankenhaus) per strukturiertem
Fragebogen zu ihrer Einschätzung des Schadens- und Nutzenpotentials von
34 legalen und illegalen psychotroper Substanzen interviewt.

Ergebnisse In Übereinstimmung bewerteten Konsumenten und Experten,
dass die traditionellen illegalen Drogen Heroin, Crack/Kokain und
Methamphetamin das größte Schädlichkeitspotential
besitzen. Synthetische Cannabinoide, Alkohol und Benzodiazepine befanden sich im
oberen Mittelfeld, Cannabis und psychotrope Pilze im unteren Mittelfeld und
Gabapentinoide am Ende der Gefährdungsrangordnung beider Gruppen.
Methadon und Benzodiazepine wurden von Konsumenten signifikant
gefährlicher eingestuft. Hinsichtlich des Substanznutzens bewerteten
Konsumenten traditionelle illegale Drogen einschließlich Cannabis und
psychotrope Pilze ebenso wie Nikotin als signifikant nützlicher als die
Experten. Im Gegensatz zu den Experten bewerteten die Konsumenten keine Substanz
als extrem gefährlich bei gleichzeitig geringer Nützlichkeit.
Erfahrungen mit Opioid-Analgetika konnten nur von wenigen Konsumenten berichtet
werden, wurden aber bezüglich ihres Risiko/Nutzen-Profils
ähnlich den Expertenurteilen eingeordnet. Durch Legalisierung von
Cannabis erwarten weder Konsumenten noch Experten eine Änderung des
Gefährdungspotentials. In beiden Gruppen existierten spezifische
kognitive Bewertungsverzerrungen.

Fazit Die vorliegende Studie zeigt erste Informationen aus dem
deutschsprachigen Raum zur Risiko/Nutzen-Bewertung psychotroper
Substanzen aus der Perspektive von Suchtexperten und Konsumenten. Diese
können als Beitrag für die Psychoedukationsarbeit in der
Behandlung von Substanzabhängigen aber auch für aktuelle
gesundheitspolitischen Debatten zur legalen Verfügbarkeit von Drogen zum
Freizeitgebrauch hilfreich sein.
Reconstrução com endoprótese não convencional após ressecção de tumores ósseos primários de fêmur distal: sobrevida do implante e resultados funcionais
Authors: Pereira Cibele Marino , Pinto Fábio Fernando Elói , Nakagawa Suely Akiko , Chung Wu Tu
Published: December 2022

Objetivo Avaliar o tempo de sobrevida, a taxa de falha e suas causas, e os resultados funcionais de endopróteses cimentadas, com corpo em polietileno, empregadas após ressecção de tumores ósseos primários do fêmur distal.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, que incluiu 93 procedimentos primários e 77 de revisão, realizados entre 1987 e 2014. A sobrevida foi obtida pela análise de Kaplan Meyer, e os fatores de risco para falha do implante foram avaliados por meio do modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox. As causas de falha da endoprótese foram classificadas segundo Henderson et al. em cinco tipos: falha de partes moles, soltura asséptica, fratura estrutural, infecção e recorrência do tumor. A avaliação funcional foi realizada por meio do sistema de classificação funcional da Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) para sarcomas ósseos da extremidade inferior, versão brasileira (MSTS-BR).

Resultados Osteossarcoma foi o diagnóstico mais comum; 64,5% dos pacientes tinham menos de 20 anos; e o seguimento médio foi de 124,3 meses. A taxa de falha do implante primário foi de 54,8%, e a sobrevida média foi 123 meses. A estimativa de sobrevida do implante primário foi de 63,6%, 43,5%, 24,1%, 14,5% em 5, 10, 15 e 20 anos, respectivamente. A causa de falha mais comum foi a do tipo 2 (37,3%). Idade ≤ 26 anos e lado direito foram fatores de risco para falha. A pontuação média no MSTS-BR foi de 20,7 (variação: 14 a 27).

Conclusão Os resultados obtidos para a taxa de falha e o tempo de sobrevida do implante estão de acordo com os da literatura, de forma que o procedimento estudado é adequado e apresenta resultados funcionais satisfatórios, inclusive em longo prazo.
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Surgery: DON'T QUIT—JUST DO IT
Authors: Orozco-Sevilla Vicente , Etheridge Ginger , Coselli Joseph S.
Published: December 2022

Surgical aortic repair has progressed from aneurysm ligation to homografts to Dacron grafts to totally endovascular interventions. These fields will continue to evolve, and new endovascular technology will be used in virtually every part of the aorta, eventually dominating this field of surgery. However, as surgeons, we must be cautious and not let go of our open-surgery skills, as they will always be the ultimate bailout solution.
Spinal Cord Ischemia in Open and Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Rinaldi Enrico , Loschi Diletta , Favia Nicola , Santoro Annarita , Chiesa Roberto , Melissano Germano
Published: December 2022

Despite the improvements, spinal cord ischemia is still one of the major and most dramatic potential complications after thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic treatments, for both open and endovascular procedures. A multimodal approach, which includes several intraoperative and postoperative maneuvers, may contribute to optimizing the spinal cord tolerance to ischemia. The aim of this article is to report the different techniques employed to improve spinal cord perfusion, directly and indirectly through collateral circulation.
Iatrogenic Type A Aortic Dissection: Challenges and Frontiers—Contemporary Single Center Data and Clinical Perspective
Authors: von Aspern Konstantin , Leontyev Sergey , Etz Christian D. , Haunschild Josephina , Misfeld Martin , Borger Michael A.
Published: December 2022

Iatrogenic aortic dissection (IAD) is a rare but devastating complication in cardiac surgery and related procedures. Due to its rarity, published data on emergency surgery following IAD are limited. Herein, we discuss IAD occurring intra- and postoperatively, including those occurring during transcatheter aortic valve replacement and cardiac catheterization, and present benchmark data from our consecutive, single-center experience. We demonstrate changes in patient characteristics, surgical approaches, and outcomes over a 23-year period.
Risk Prediction Models for Management of Patients following Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Munir Wahaj , Bashir Mohamad , Idhrees Mohammed , Awad Wael I.
Published: December 2022

Risk prediction of adverse outcomes post aortic dissection is dependet not only on the postdissection-associated clinical factors but on the very foundation of the risk factors that lead up to the dissection itself. There are various such risk factors existing prior to the dissection which impact the postdissection outcomes. In this paper, we review the literature to critically analyze various risk models, burdened by their significant limitations, that attempt to stratify risk prediction based on postdissection patient characteristics. We further review several studies across the literature that investigate the diverse set of predissection risk factors impacting postdissection outcomes. We have discussed and appraised numerous studies which attempt to develop a tool to stratify risk prediction by incorporating the impacts of different factors: malperfusion, blood biochemistry, and perioperative outcomes. The well-validated Penn classification has clearly demonstrated in the literature the significant impact that malperfusion has on adverse outcomes postdissection. Other risk models, already severely hindered by their limitations, lack such validation. We further discuss additional alluded risk factors, including the impact of predissection aortic size, the syndromic and nonsyndromic natures of dissection, and the effects of family history and genetics, which collectively contribute to the risk of adverse outcomes postdissection and prognosis. To achieve the goal of a true risk model, there remains the vital need for appreciation and appropriate consideration for all such aforementioned factors, from before and after the dissection, as discussed in this paper. By being able to incorporate the value of true risk prediction for a patient into the decision-making framework, it will allow a new page of precision medical decision-making to be written.
Role of Interventional Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in the Management of Complex IBD: Initial Prospective Experience from a Tertiary Center in India
Authors: Pal Partha , Ramchandani Mohan , Banerjee Rupa , Inavolu Pradev , Nabi Zaheer , Rughwani Hardik , Singh Aniruddha Pratap Haripal , Patel Rajendra , Vijayalaxmi Polina , Singh Jagdeesh Rampal , Rebala Pradeep , Rao Guduru Venkat , Reddy D Nageshwar , Tandan Manu
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims With the growing multidisciplinary model of practice in the management of complex inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rising incidence of IBD, interventional IBD (IIBD) promises to play a key role. We aimed to evaluate current the role of IIBD in India and its short-term outcomes.

Methods IBD patients undergoing IIBD procedures for stricture, bleeding, colitis-associated neoplasia, therapeutic small bowel endoscopy including retained capsule retrieval and postsurgical complications were enrolled prospectively between September 2021 and May 2022. Demographic and disease details, indications, initial and redo procedure details, technical/clinical success, and complications were recorded.

Results IIBD procedures were performed in total 54 patients (61% males, median age: 37.5 years, range: 21–74 years, Crohn's disease [CD]: 42, ulcerative colitis [UC]: 12 between September 2021 and April 2022). Endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) was performed in 44 patients (56 strictures, 9% anastomotic, 9% pouch) who underwent total 83 EBD procedures in 63 sessions. Short-term clinical efficacy after maximal dilation, technical success (i.e., scope passage after EBD), and complications (all mild) were noted in 95.4, 81.8, and 9.1%, respectively. Recurrent symptoms were seen in 27.3% on short-term follow-up (1–8 months, median: 5 months) for which redilation, surgery, and endoscopic stricturotomy were done in 22.7, 2.3, and 2.3% respectively. During small bowel EBD, motorized spiral enteroscopy-guided retained capsule endoscope retrieval was done in four patients. Ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia (UCAN) was resected endoscopically in six patients (endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)—1, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)—5). High-grade dysplasia was resected in two patients (1 ESD for recurrent UCAN, 1 EMR had residual neoplasia on follow-up treated with underwater EMR). R0 resection was achieved in 83.3%. Endoscopic hemostasis was done with hemoclipping and sclerotherapy for UC-related bleeding in two, whereas a case of CD with proximal ileal bleeding was controlled with antegrade single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted hemoclipping.

Conclusions IIBD is a promising modality in resource-limited settings like India acting as a bridge between medical therapy and surgery. Surgery can be avoided in a significant proportion with good short-term outcomes. Long-term outcomes need to be evaluated.
Segmental Yttrium-90 Radioembolization as an Initial Treatment for Solitary Unresectable HCC
Authors: Rothenberger Natalie J. , Yu Qian , Ramasamy Shakthi K. , Van Ha Thuong , Zangan Steven , Navuluri Rakesh , Ahmed Osman
Published: December 2022

Objectives To evaluate the objective response rate (ORR), time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS) in patients with unresectable solitary HCC less than 5 cm who were treated with 90Y glass microspheres infused at a segmental level.

Materials and Methods Single-institution retrospective study of 35 patients with unresectable HCC deemed not suitable for percutaneous ablation who underwent segmental transarterial radioembolization (TARE) treatment. Eligibility criteria included patients with solitary, unilobar, < 5 cm unresectable HCC lesions who underwent TARE as a primary treatment strategy between November 2012 and April 2020. Imaging follow-up was performed on each patient at 3-, 6-, and 12 months post-treatment. Local and the overall tumor response was evaluated using mRECIST criteria, and primary endpoints were ORR, TTP, and OS. Adverse events (AEs) were graded for severity using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.5.0.

Statistical Analysis Patient demographics, baseline characteristics, and treatment characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Predictors of survival were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards regression. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to evaluate OS.

Results Median tumor size was 3 cm (range: 1.0-4.8 cm) in the 35 patients studied, with 25.7% (9/35) being the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0 and 62.9% (22/35) ECOG 1. Most patients (88.5%, 31/35) were of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C, with one patient each classified as BCLC-A and BCLC-0, respectively. For 34.2% (12/35), TARE functioned as a bridge to transplantation. Transplanted patients exhibited a median pathologic necrosis of 98% (IQR 7.5). Combined ORR for local and overall mRECIST at 12 months post-TARE was 94.3% and 85.7%, respectively. All patients had a mean local TTP of 11.9 months (CI: 2.7–21.0) and global TTP of 13.2 months (CI: 6.4–20.0). Among the 14.3% (5/35) of patients who experienced AEs following treatment, 80% (4/5) were Grade 1, one patient experienced a Grade 4, and all events resolved within 1 month of treatment. Total OS at 1 year was 97%, whereas patients who underwent OLT had an OS of 100%.

Conclusion Segmental TARE was a safe and effective treatment for solitary unresectable HCC less than 5 cm. When used as a bridge to transplant, explants showed near complete pathologic necrosis of treated lesions.
Gelsolin Modulates Platelet Dense Granule Secretion and Hemostasis via the Actin Cytoskeleton
Authors: Paul Manoj , Golla Kalyan , Kim Hugh
Published: December 2022

Background and Objective The mechanisms underlying platelet granule release are not fully understood. The actin cytoskeleton serves as the platelet's structural framework that is remodeled upon platelet activation. Gelsolin is a calcium-dependent protein that severs and caps existing actin filaments although its role in modulating platelet granule exocytosis is unknown.

Methods The hemostatic function of wild-type (WT) and gelsolin null (Gsn−/− ) mice was measured ex vivo by rotational thromboelastometry analysis of whole blood. Platelets were purified from WT and Gsn−/− mouse blood and activated with thrombin. Platelet aggregation was assessed by light-transmission aggregometry. Clot retraction was measured to assess outside-in integrin signaling. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and surface P-selectin were measured as markers of dense- and α-granule secretion, respectively.

Results The kinetics of agonist-induced aggregation, clot retraction, and ATP release were accelerated in Gsn−/− platelets relative to WT. However, levels of surface P-selectin were diminished in Gsn−/− platelets. ATP release was also accelerated in WT platelets pretreated with the actin-depolymerizing drug cytochalasin D, thus mimicking the kinetics observed in Gsn−/− platelets. Conversely, ATP release kinetics were normalized in Gsn−/− platelets treated with the actin polymerization agonist jasplakinolide. Rab27b and Munc13–4 are vesicle-priming proteins known to promote dense granule secretion. Co-immunoprecipitation indicates that the association between Rab27b and Munc13–4 is enhanced in Gsn−/− platelets.

Conclusions Gelsolin regulates the kinetics of hemostasis by modulating the platelet's actin cytoskeleton and the protein machinery of dense granule exocytosis.
Circumferential Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of long-segment Barrett's Esophagus with Multifocal High-Grade Dysplasia
Authors: Sud Sukrit , Mishra Smruti Ranjan , Sud Randhir
Published: December 2022

In a case of long-segment Barrett's esophagus with multifocal high-grade dysplasia with multiple comorbidities, circumferential endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed. Following the procedure, the esophageal stricture was also managed.
Lewis–Riesenfeld invariants for PT-symmetrically coupled oscillators from two-dimensional point transformations and Lie algebraic expansions
Authors: Fring Andreas , Tenney Rebecca
Published: December 2022

We construct Lewis–Riesenfeld invariants from two-dimensional point transformations for two oscillators that are coupled to each other in space in a PT-symmetrical and time-dependent fashion. The non-Hermitian Hamiltonian of the model is conveniently expressed in terms of generators of the symplectic sp(4) Lie algebra. This allows for an alternative systematic approach to find Lewis–Riesenfeld invariants leading to a set of coupled differential equations that we solve by using time-ordered exponentials. We also demonstrate that point transformations may be utilized to directly construct time-dependent Dyson maps from their respective time-independent counterparts in the reference system.
Learning chaotic systems from noisy data via multi-step optimization and adaptive training
Authors: Zhang Lei , Tang Shaoqiang , He Guowei
Published: December 2022

A data-driven sparse identification method is developed to discover the underlying governing equations from noisy measurement data through the minimization of Multi-Step-Accumulation (MSA) in error. The method focuses on the multi-step model, while conventional sparse regression methods, such as the Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics method (SINDy), are one-step models. We adopt sparse representation and assume that the underlying equations involve only a small number of functions among possible candidates in a library. The new development in MSA is to use a multi-step model, i.e., predictions from an approximate evolution scheme based on initial points. Accordingly, the loss function comprises the total error at all time steps between the measured series and predicted series with the same initial point. This enables MSA to capture the dynamics directly from the noisy measurements, resisting the corruption of noise. By use of several numerical examples, we demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed MSA method, including a two-dimensional chaotic map, the logistic map, a two-dimensional damped oscillator, the Lorenz system, and a reduced order model of a self-sustaining process in turbulent shear flows. We also perform further studies under challenging conditions, such as noisy measurements, missing data, and large time step sizes. Furthermore, in order to resolve the difficulty of the nonlinear optimization, we suggest an adaptive training strategy, namely, by gradually increasing the length of time series for training. Higher prediction accuracy is achieved in an illustrative example of the chaotic map by the adaptive strategy.
Theoretical framework bridging classical and quantum mechanics for the dynamics of cryogenic liquid helium-4 using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Tsuzuki Satori
Published: December 2022

Our recent study suggested that a fully classical mechanical approximation of the two-fluid model of superfluid helium-4 based on smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is equivalent to solving a many-body quantum mechanical equation under specific conditions. This study further verifies the existence of this equivalence. First, we derived the SPH form of the motion equation for the superfluid component of the two-fluid model, i.e., the motion equation driven by the chemical potential gradient obtained using the Gibbs–Duhem equation. We then derived the SPH form of the motion equation for condensates based on the Gross–Pitaevskii theory, i.e., the motion equation driven by the chemical potential gradient obtained from the Schrödinger equation of interacting bosons. Following this, we compared the two discretized equations. Consequently, we discovered that a condition maintaining zero internal energy for each fluid particle ensures the equivalence of the equations when the quantum pressure is negligible. Moreover, their equivalence holds even when the quantum pressure is non-negligible if the quantum pressure gradient force equals the mutual friction force. A zero internal energy indicates the thermodynamic ground state, which includes an elementary excitation state. Therefore, the condition can be sufficiently satisfied when the velocities of fluid particles do not exceed the Landau critical velocity, which is not a stringent condition for simulations with a characteristic velocity of a few cm·s−1 in a laboratory system. Based on the above, we performed a simulation of rotating liquid helium-4 and succeeded in generating a vortex lattice with quantized circulation, known as a quantum lattice.
Biomaterials for enhanced immunotherapy
Authors: Cunningham Nicholas , Lapointe Réjean , Lerouge Sophie
Published: December 2022

Cancer immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of numerous cancers, with exciting results often superior to conventional treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy. Despite this success, limitations such as limited treatment persistence and toxic side effects remain to be addressed to further improve treatment efficacy. Biomaterials offer numerous advantages in the concentration, localization and controlled release of drugs, cancer antigens, and immune cells in order to improve the efficacy of these immunotherapies. This review summarizes and highlights the most recent advances in the use of biomaterials for immunotherapies including drug delivery and cancer vaccines, with a particular focus on biomaterials for immune cell delivery.
A passive and programmable 3D paper-based microfluidic pump for variable flow microfluidic applications
Authors: Shah Syed Farhad , Jafry Ali Turab , Hussain Gohar , Kazim Ali Hussain , Ali Mubashar
Published: December 2022

Paper has attracted significant attention recently as a microfluidic component and platform, especially in passive pumping devices due to its porous and uniform absorbing nature. Many investigations on 1D and 2D fluid flows were carried out. However, no experimental work has been reported on the three-dimensional effect in porous geometry to improve pumping characteristics in microchannels. Therefore, in this study, the fluid flow in 3D paper-based passive pumps was investigated in microchannels using cylindrical pumps. The effect of pump diameter, porosity, and programmability was investigated to achieve desired flow variations. The results indicated that the flow rate of water increased with an increase in the diameter and porosity of paper pumps. Maximum flow rates achieved for 14 mm diameter pumps of 0.5 and 0.7 porosities were 5.29 mm3/s (317.4 μl/min) and 6.97 mm3/s (418.2 μl/min), respectively. The total volume of fluid imbibition ranged between 266 and 567 μl for 8 and 14 mm diameter pumps, respectively. Moreover, 3D passive pumps can transport larger volumes of liquid with an improved flow rate, programmability, and control, in addition to being inexpensive and simple to design and fabricate. Most importantly, a single 3D paper pump showed an increasing, decreasing, and constant flow rate all in a single microchannel. With these benefits, the passive pumps can further improve the pumping characteristics of microfluidic platforms enabling a cost effective and programmable point-of-care diagnostic device.
Surface cavitation flow characterization of jet hydrofoils based on vortex identification method
Authors: Gu Yunqing , Ma Longbiao , Yu Songwei , Yan Muhan , Wu Denghao , Mou Jiegang
Published: December 2022

The vortex structure is a typically coherent structure. The influence of hydrofoil jets with different chordal positions on the vortex structure in the hydrofoil flow field is investigated to improve the suppression mechanism of cavitation by jet hydrofoils. The investigation is based on a vortex identification method and the chordal position with the best suppression effect on the large-scale vortex on the hydrofoil surface is explored. In addition, the dynamics of the vortex structure in different cavitation states are analyzed by means of vortex transport equations based on the optimal chordwise position. The results show that the U-shaped vortex is the main morphology of the hydrofoil surface bubble shedding; the results show that the U-shaped vortex is the main form of cavitation shedding on the hydrofoil surface; compared with the original hydrofoil and other jet positions, the shedding of large-scale vortex structure can be suppressed better when the jet is located at 0.6c; the dominant vorticity transport terms are different in various cavitation stages. In the primary cavitation stage, the vorticity dilatation term is dominant. In contrast, during the development, maturation, and shedding phases, the vortex stretching term dominates, reducing the pressure gradient in the hydrofoil flow field and suppressing the strength of the return jet.
Ultrahigh power factor in thermally evaporated Bi/Ag2Se bi-layer obtained using thermal inter-diffusion
Authors: Jindal Silky , Saini G. S. S. , Kumar Ranjan , Tripathi S. K.
Published: December 2022

Bi/Ag2Se bi-layer (ASB) has been deposited using simple thermal evaporation. Both the layers are interdiffused thermally at transition temperatures of 130 (ASB-130) and at 210 °C (ASB-210) for a soaking time of 1 h each. ASB-210 shows a promising in-plane thermoelectric power factor of 1.4 mW/m K2 at 30 °C and 1.5 mW/m K2 at 90 °C. This ultrahigh value in ASB-210 is due to simultaneous improvement in carrier concentration and mobility values (enhances σ). Moreover, (013) grain orientation and uniform distribution of Ag and Bi in Ag2Se matrix are inferred to be other reasons for power factor improvement. The power factor of ASB-210 is found to be nearly stable in the temperature range of 30–90 °C. This constant value is accredited to suppression of bipolar effect in Ag2Se by Ag and Bi nano-inclusions. Ag, Bi impurities are held responsible for carrier scattering. Moreover, formation of Ag/Ag2Se and Bi/Ag2Se heterostructures promotes hot carrier filtering, which enhances the Seebeck coefficient. Thus, decoupling of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient is achieved. This technique of enhancing thermoelectric performance has not been reported for Ag2Se films.
Validation of ablation model for polyethylene using pulsed x-ray and proton exposures
Authors: Moore N. W. , Sanchez J. J. , Schaeuble M.-A. , Hinshelwood D. , Harvey-Thompson A. , Myers C. E. , Jones B. , Franke B. C.
Published: December 2022

The surface erosion of polyethylene is interrogated using pulsed x rays at the Z Machine (Sandia National Laboratories) and with proton beams at the Gamble II generator (Naval Research Laboratory) to validate a coupled model for volumetric thermal ablation, photoionization, finite-rate decomposition, and molecular recombination of radicals. The intense radiation pulses (up to ∼1014W/m2 over tens of nanoseconds) are used to generate one-dimensional vapor flows with low ionization fractions and a simplified geometry compared to typical laser ablation, allowing for evaluation of the model under local thermal equilibrium conditions. Areal momentum carried by the ensuing uniaxial hydrodynamic shock is used to indicate the extent of ablation. The threshold fluence for ablation is found to be in close correspondence with the bulk melt transition, and reasonable agreement with the model is obtained for peak temperatures in polyethylene up to 5500 K and heating rates up to 1011K/s where thermal decomposition reactions are also active.
Understanding the physics of hydrophobic solvation
Authors: Coe Mary K. , Evans Robert , Wilding Nigel B.
Published: December 2022

Simulations of water near extended hydrophobic spherical solutes have revealed the presence of a region of depleted density and accompanying enhanced density fluctuations. The physical origin of both phenomena has remained somewhat obscure. We investigate these effects employing a mesoscopic binding potential analysis, classical density functional theory (DFT) calculations for a simple Lennard-Jones solvent, and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of a monatomic water (mw) model. We argue that the density depletion and enhanced fluctuations are near-critical phenomena. Specifically, we show that they can be viewed as remnants of the critical drying surface phase transition that occurs at bulk liquid–vapor coexistence in the macroscopic planar limit, i.e., as the solute radius Rs → ∞. Focusing on the radial density profile ρ(r) and a sensitive spatial measure of fluctuations, the local compressibility profile χ(r), our binding potential analysis provides explicit predictions for the manner in which the key features of ρ(r) and χ(r) scale with Rs, the strength of solute–water attraction ɛsf, and the deviation from liquid–vapor coexistence of the chemical potential, δμ. These scaling predictions are confirmed by our DFT calculations and GCMC simulations. As such, our theory provides a firm basis for understanding the physics of hydrophobic solvation.
Virtual teams in a gig economy
Authors: Ye Teng , Ai Wei , Chen Yan , Mei Qiaozhu , Ye Jieping , Zhang Lingyu
Published: December 2022

While the gig economy provides flexible jobs for millions of workers globally, a lack of organization identity and coworker bonds contributes to their low engagement and high attrition rates. To test the impact of virtual teams on worker productivity and retention, we conduct a field experiment with 27,790 drivers on a ride-sharing platform. We organize drivers into teams that are randomly assigned to receiving their team ranking, or individual ranking within their team, or individual performance information (control). We find that treated drivers work longer hours and generate significantly higher revenue. Furthermore, drivers in the team-ranking treatment continue to be more engaged 3 mo after the end of the experiment. A machine-learning analysis of 149 team contests in 86 cities suggests that social comparison, driver experience, and within-team similarity are the key predictors of the virtual team efficacy.
On the choice of entropy variables in multifield inflation
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Guidetti Veronica , Muia Francesco , Pedro Francisco G , Paolo Vacca Gian
Published: December 2022

We discuss the usefulness and theoretical consistency of different entropy variables used in the literature to describe isocurvature perturbations in multifield inflationary models with a generic curved field space. We clarify which is the proper entropy variable to be used to match the evolution of isocurvature modes during inflation to the one after the reheating epoch in order to compare with observational constraints. In particular, we find that commonly used variables, as the relative entropy perturbation or the one associated to the decomposition in tangent and normal perturbations with respect to the inflationary trajectory, even if more useful to perform numerical studies, can lead to results which are wrong by several orders of magnitude, or even to apparent destabilisation effects which are unphysical for cases with light kinetically coupled spectator fields.
Nanomechanical study of aqueous-processed h-BN reinforced PVA composites
Authors: Sahoo Priyabrata , Chaturvedi Abhishek , Ramamurty Upadrasta , Matte H S S Ramakrishna
Published: December 2022

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as a filler has significantly improved the mechanical properties of various polymers composites. Among them, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is particularly important for its wide range of industrial applications and biocompatibility nature. However, preparing a homogenous composite of h-BN and PVA in water is troublesome as the aqueous processing of h-BN without any additives is challenging. In this context, a pre-processing technique is used to produce an additive-free aqueous dispersion of h-BN. The uniformly dispersed composites are then prepared with different concentrations of h-BN. Free-standing thin films are fabricated using the doctor blade technique, and nanoindentation is employed to understand their deformation behaviour at smaller length scale for better understanding of micro-mechanism involved. Reduced elastic modulus and hardness of 10 wt% h-BN/PVA composite film are enhanced by ∼93% and ∼159%, respectively, compared to pristine PVA. Frequency sweep dynamic mechanical analysis is performed between 1 and 50 Hz, and the elastic properties of composite materials are found to improve significantly upon addition of h-BN nanosheets. Besides, the impact of h-BN incorporation in stress relaxation behaviour and hardness depth profiling are also investigated. The observed improvement in mechanical properties of the composites may be attributed to the uniform distribution of the nanosheets and the strong interfacial interaction between h-BN and PVA, which ensures efficient mechanical stress transfer at the interface.
Inverse problems on low-dimensional manifolds
Authors: Alberti Giovanni S , Arroyo Ángel , Santacesaria Matteo
Published: December 2022

We consider abstract inverse problems between infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. These inverse problems are typically nonlinear and ill-posed, making the inversion with limited and noisy measurements a delicate process. In this work, we assume that the unknown belongs to a finite-dimensional manifold: this assumption arises in many real-world scenarios where natural objects have a low intrinsic dimension and belong to a certain submanifold of a much larger ambient space. We prove uniqueness and Hölder and Lipschitz stability results in this general setting, also in the case when only a finite discretization of the measurements is available. Then, a Landweber-type reconstruction algorithm from a finite number of measurements is proposed, for which we prove global convergence, thanks to a new criterion for finding a suitable initial guess.

These general results are then applied to several examples, including two classical nonlinear ill-posed inverse boundary value problems. The first is Calderón’s inverse conductivity problem, for which we prove a Lipschitz stability estimate from a finite number of measurements for piece-wise constant conductivities with discontinuities on an unknown triangle. A similar stability result is then obtained for Gel’fand-Calderón’s problem for the Schrödinger equation, in the case of piece-wise constant potentials with discontinuities on a finite number of non-intersecting balls.