bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Palladium‐Catalyzed Umpolung 1,4‐Addition of Aryl Iodides to Enals
Authors: Yang Wenjun , Ling Bo , Hu Bowen , Yin Haolin , Mao Jianyou , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: October 2019

An umpolung 1,4‐addition of aryl iodides to enals promoted by cooperative (terpy)Pd/NHC catalysis was developed that generates various bioactive β,β‐diaryl propanoate derivatives. This system is not only the first reported palladium‐catalyzed arylation of NHC‐bound homoenolates but also expands the scope of NHC‐induced umpolung transformations. A diverse array of functional groups such as esters, nitriles, alcohols, and heterocycles are tolerated under the mild conditions. This method also circumvents the use of moisture‐sensitive organometallic reagents.
Structural Evolution of Water on ZnO(100): From Isolated Monomers via Anisotropic H‐Bonded 2D and 3D Structures to Isotropic Multilayers
Authors: Yu Xiaojuan , Schwarz Paul , Nefedov Alexei , Meyer Bernd , Wang Yuemin , Wöll Christof
Published: October 2019

The surface chemistry of water on zinc oxides is an important topic in catalysis and photocatalysis. Interaction of D2O with anisotropic ZnO(10
0) surfaces was studied by IR reflection absorption spectroscopy using s‐ and p‐polarized light incident along different directions. Interpretation of the experimental data is aided using isotopologues and DFT calculations. The presence of numerous species is revealed: intact monomers, a mixed 2D D2O/OD adlayer, an anisotropic bilayer, and H‐bonded 3D structures. The isolated water monomers are identified unambiguously at low temperatures. The thermally induced diffusion of water monomers occurs at elevated temperatures, forming dimers that undergo autocatalytic dissociation via proton transfer. Polarization‐ and azimuth‐resolved IR data provide information on the orientation and strength of H‐bonds within the 2D and 3D structures. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal strong anharmonic couplings within the H‐bond network.
Amorphous Ionic Polymers with Color‐Tunable Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence
Authors: Wang He , Shi Huifang , Ye Wenpeng , Yao Xiaokang , Wang Qian , Dong Chaomin , Jia Wenyong , Ma Huili , Cai Suzhi , Huang Kaiwei , Fu Lishun , Zhang Yanyun , Zhi Jiahuan , Gu Long , Zhao Yanli , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei
Published: October 2019

Amorphous purely organic phosphorescence materials with long‐lived and color‐tunable emission are rare. Herein, we report a concise chemical ionization strategy to endow conventional poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PVP) derivatives with ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) under ambient conditions. After the ionization of 1,4‐butanesultone, the resulting PVP‐S phosphor showed a UOP lifetime of 578.36 ms, which is 525 times longer than that of PVP polymer itself. Remarkably, multicolor UOP emission ranging from blue to red was observed with variation of the excitation wavelength, which has rarely been reported for organic luminescent materials. This finding not only provides a guideline for developing amorphous polymers with UOP properties, but also extends the scope of room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials for practical applications in photoelectric fields.
A Light‐up Logic Platform for Selective Recognition of Parallel G‐Quadruplex Structures via Disaggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Deiana Marco , Chand Karam , Jamroskovic Jan , Obi Ikenna , Chorell Erik , Sabouri Nasim
Published: October 2019

The design of turn‐on dyes with optical signals sensitive to the formation of supramolecular structures provides fascinating and underexplored opportunities for G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA detection and characterization. Here, we show a new switching mechanism that relies on the recognition‐driven disaggregation (on‐signal) of an ultrabright coumarin‐quinazoline conjugate. The synthesized probe selectively lights‐up parallel G4 DNA structures via the disassembly of its supramolecular state, demonstrating outputs that are easily integrable into a label‐free molecular logic system. Finally, our molecule preferentially stains the G4‐rich nucleoli of cancer cells.
High‐performance PA1/TPU films with enhanced dielectric constant and low loss tangent
Authors: Yuan Dandan , Chen Minzhang , Xu Yuanting , Huang Lei , Ma Jun , Peng Qinghai , Cai Xufu
Published: October 2019

Polymer composites with high dielectric constant are promising materials for energy‐storage application. However, their development has generally been hindered due to the challenge to balance dielectric constant and loss tangent. In this work, a novel thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)‐based composite with high dielectric constant and low loss tangent was prepared by inducing polyamide‐1(PA1). The optimal content of PA1 in TPU matrix was 1.0 wt %. Importantly, the dielectric constant of TPU exhibited great stability at the frequency range of 103–106 Hz and increased sharply with the addition of PA1. In specific, the dielectric constant of TPU increased from 8 to 41 with the incorporation of 1.0 wt % PA1, which was five times higher than that of pure TPU. Meanwhile, the loss tangent still kept at a low level of less than 0.02. This work may provide a new direction for preparation of dielectric polymer composites with excellent comprehensive performance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48469.
Preparation of hydrophilic woven fabrics: Surface modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by grafting of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol)‐g‐(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)
Authors: Erdoğan Meryem Kalkan , Akdemir Özgür , Hamitbeyli Agamirza , Karakışla Meral
Published: October 2019

One of the most industrially important synthetic textile materials, woven poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics, have limitations in the usage of casual apparel applications due to their unwanted hydrophobicity. For that reason, in this study, to impart permanent hydrophilicity to the PET fabrics, hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and a PVA‐based copolymer were introduced to the alkaline hydrolysis pretreated PET surface by graft copolymerization for the first time. The graft modification of PET fabric surface was performed with an industrial‐adaptable approach. The synthesis of a novel PVA‐g‐(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) copolymer was achieved by the introduction of glycidyl methacrylate monomer to the PVA backbone. The structure of the copolymer was evidenced by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR techniques. The introduction of PVA and copolymer structures with desired functional groups to the PET fabric surface was confirmed with the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique. It was obtained that the contact angle–wetting time of PET fabric (145° and 98 s) could be dropped to 37° and 0.1 s and 64° and 0.7 s after PVA and copolymer grafting, respectively. This suggests that the graft‐modified PET fabrics may find the potential of use in the textile applications as the alternative hydrophilic materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48584.
Improved hydrothermal aging performance of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composites via silica nanoparticle coating
Authors: Zhang Yongchao , Mi Changwen
Published: October 2019

The long‐term exposure to a hot and humid environment severely damages the bonding integrity of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites and thus significantly degrades their mechanical performances. In this work, we aim to develop an improvement procedure for effectively enhancing the bonding strength in glass fiber‐reinforced polymers (GFRPs). Glass fibers were coated with a thin layer of silica nanoparticles of different concentrations by the use of the evaporative deposition method. Micromorphological comparisons in terms of scanning electron microscope imaging demonstrate significant improvements on the surface roughness of glass fibers. With the coated glass fibers, GFRP composite laminates were designed, molded through the vacuum‐assisted resin infusion technique, and experimentally tested for quantitatively studying their hydrothermal aging performance. The water absorption tests conducted for three exposure temperatures suggest that both the water diffusion rate and the equilibrium water content can be effectively reduced due to the introduction of the silica coating. With increased exposure temperatures, however, the desired reductions become much less significant. A so‐called water‐channel diffusion mechanism along fiber/resin interfaces was proposed to explain the coupling effects of silica coating and exposure temperature. Reductions of water diffusion rate and equilibrium water content were expected to slow down the hydrothermal aging performance of GFRPs. For this purpose, both uniaxial tensile test and three‐point bending test were subsequently performed on GFRP specimens that have been subjected to different coating concentrations, exposure temperatures, and exposure durations. When compared with untreated GFRP specimens, both experiments demonstrate that the residual strength and stiffness can be effectively promoted through coating a thin layer of silica nanoparticles on glass fiber surfaces. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,137, 48652.
Encouraging youth engagement in marine protected areas: A survey of best practices in Canada
Authors: Chen Da , Garmulewicz Alysia , Merner Caroline , Elphinstone Cassandra , Leggott Conor , Dewar Heather
Published: October 2019

A holistic approach to stakeholder participation is emerging where youth are increasingly being recognized as core stakeholders in community‐based conservation efforts.

A growing number of youth‐focused marine conservation initiatives and representation at international marine conservation conventions demonstrate that youth are taking an active role in marine conservation worldwide.

This paper surveys current best practices in youth engagement in marine protected areas (MPAs) in Canada, across 10 different engagement strategies. These are: facilitate learning through experiential education; include studies of MPAs in academic and community programmes; utilize multimedia opportunities, including social media, film, website, and apps; provide meaningful volunteer opportunities; deliver professional development sessions for youth initiative building; create youth councils to assist organizations in an advisory role; hire youth for employment in internships, co‐ops and junior positions within organizations; showcase young people as Youth Ambassadors of MPAs; share opportunities through effective outreach and promotion; and, integrate under‐represented perspectives in MPAs.

Recommendations are drawn from the case studies within each engagement strategy. Collectively, they offer insight into the variety of ways the international community can support, highlight and advance youth participation in MPAs.
Marine zoning revisited: How decades of zoning the Great Barrier Reef has evolved as an effective spatial planning approach for marine ecosystem‐based management
Authors: Day Jon C. , Kenchington Richard A. , Tanzer John M. , Cameron Darren S.
Published: October 2019

For more than 40 years, marine zoning has played a key role while evolving as part of the adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park. The statutory zoning plan provides the primary integrating component that prohibits many threatening activities and manages the impacts of allowed human activities and competing uses by means of various zones, special management areas and other spatial management tools.

How zoning is applied, however, has changed considerably since the first zoning plan was finalized in 1981. Today, zoning is applied in combination with other layers of marine spatial planning; the effective combination of these management tools provides the integrated approach, considered one of the best for managing a large marine protected area.

The zoning plan provides the foundation for management of the GBR and is the fundamental component of the integrated marine spatial planning approach ensuring high levels of protection for significant areas of the GBR, while also allowing ecologically sustainable use.

The paper outlines the legal and managerial contexts of zoning, providing 38 lessons that may be useful for marine zoning and ecosystem‐based management elsewhere. It outlines aspects of zoning that have worked well in the GBR Marine Park and what has changed in the light of experience and changing contexts, and seeks to clarify various misconceptions about zoning and marine spatial planning.

The integrated management approach in the GBR utilizes a variety of spatial planning tools, which complement the underlying zoning; some of these comprise statutory management layers (e.g. designated shipping areas, special management areas, plans of management, fishery management arrangements, Traditional Owner agreements, defence training areas); other layers are non‐statutory (e.g. site plans).

This paper is written for planners, managers and decision‐makers considering the use of zoning to achieve effective marine conservation, protection and ecologically sustainable use.
The higher, the closer, the better? Influence of sampling frequency and distance on the acoustic properties of short‐beaked common dolphins burst pulses in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Papale Elena , Alonge Giuseppe , Caruso Francesco , Grammauta Rosario , Mazzola Salvatore , Mussi Barbara , Pace Daniela S. , Buscaino Giuseppa
Published: October 2019

When implementing conservation strategies involving passive acoustic monitoring, an accurate description of signal properties is crucial, especially when studying threatened and elusive vocalizing species. Misrepresentation of detected sounds can result in information loss or misclassification of species, thus compromising the management process.

Distortion of the time–frequency features depends on the characteristics of acoustic propagation through sea water, sensitivity and sampling frequency of the acquisition system and distance between cetacean source and the receiving sensor (hydrophone).

This study examined how the sampling frequency and the distance from the source affect the properties of burst pulsed sounds emitted by short‐beaked common dolphins in the Mediterranean Sea and how the signal is modified in relation to the recording scenarios.

Burst pulses were collected at 300 000 samples/s, and down‐sampled at 192 000, 96 000, 48 000 and 44 100. Fifteen acoustic parameters were automatically measured. The median values were measured and compared among the signals sampled at different rates. Finally, a transmission loss model was applied to explore the variation of the power spectrum density during click propagation through seawater.

The results showed that, even if higher sampling rates are a more accurate match with the original signal, some parameters (number of clicks, inter‐click‐interval and maximum peak) measured at 96 000 and 192 000 Hz did not display significant differences compared with 300 000 Hz, except for the frequency parameters. The transmission loss model also showed that the highest frequency components strongly attenuate within 800 m from the source.

These results suggest that high recording distances and lower sampling rates do not allow an accurate analysis of burst pulsed signals. However, taking into account data storage limitations, recording at the highest frequency is not always required for an accurate description of signals and the outcomes of this study improve the accuracy of passive acoustic monitoring systems, thus enhancing the potential for conservation of short‐beaked common dolphins.
Marine and coastal protected and conserved areas strategy in Brazil: Context, lessons, challenges, finance, participation, new management models, and first results
Authors: Maretti Cláudio C. , Leão Adriana R. , Prates Ana Paula , Simões Eliane , Silva Ricardo B.A. , Ribeiro Kátia T. , Geluda Leonardo , Sampaio Manoel S. , Marques Fernanda F.C. , Lobo Anna C. , de Lima Luís H. , Pacheco Leonardo M. , Manfrinato Warwick A. , Lezama Antônio Q. , Couto Matheus T.P. , Pereira Paula M. , Giasson Moara M. , Carneiro Paulo H.M. , de Oliveira Filho Aldízio L. , Brito Bernardo F.A. , Pompeu Maurício S. , Dutra Guilherme F. , Nottingham Mara C. , Palazzi Giovanna , Hessel Fabiana O. , Lima André L. , Santos Bruna De Vita S. , Medeiros Rodrigo , Oliveira Marcelo M. , Pires Mauro O. , Assad Mônica , Pereira Mariana G. , Kinouchi Marcelo R. , Subirá Rosana J.
Published: October 2019

In the last two decades, Brazil has advanced significantly with the expansion and improvement of its national system of protected areas. Until recently most of the expansion was concentrated in the Amazon region (with useful lessons). It also had an uneven ecological representation of coastal and marine ecosystems, concentrated in coastal waters. Despite significant advances, the levels of funding, staff and stakeholders' engagement remain relatively low for such a vast system.

Within the past few years, key elements of a new strategy for protection of coastal and marine areas have started to emerge, combined with some participatory processes and a focus on expansion of the total area protected (from <1.5% protection of the country's marine area). These included: a renewed focus on priority areas for conservation; attention to national and international commitments and targets; clarity about the need for partnerships and funding; better engagement of Brazilian society and stakeholders; new, and more collaborative, models of protected areas management and conservation; and openness in the relationships with wider society.

Significant results of this effort have started to appear: new large mosaics of oceanic protected areas were created; Amazon mangroves were recognized by the Ramsar Convention; new mangrove protected areas were created, besides other ones proposed; project proposals are under development with partners for better funding and sharing of responsibility; and there is a better engagement with stakeholders. The building of the Brazilian Blue Initiative is underway.

The implementation of the proposed 15‐year marine strategy is at its onset: partnerships need to be strengthened and substantial funding is required. It will only be possible to manage the larger system of protected areas if there are more collaborative and innovative models for protected areas and conservation management. These should include partnerships with civil society, local and traditional communities and the private sector, as well as greater engagement of scientists and research institutions, stronger and more qualified tourism, volunteer work, etc. Further innovative funding mechanisms will also be needed along the way.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization/Alkynylation Reactions
Authors: Li Jianxiao , Yang Shaorong , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: October 2019

Palladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization reactions have witnessed significant improvements in recent years. Among them, palladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization/alkynylation are especially attractive, which can assemble structurally diverse monocyclic, bicyclic, fused polycyclic, and spirocyclic skeletons with excellent chemoselectivities. In this Minireview, palladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization/alkynylation have been summarized and discussed in detail with focus on oxypalladation and aminopalladation‐initiated cascade cyclization, intramolecular Heck‐type cascade cyclization, carbocyclizations, cascade cyclizations, and other types of cascade cyclization reactions. Some significant and representative synthetic methodologies and their synthetic applications and reaction mechanisms have also been described.
Low mass to intermediate‐mass star‐forming hydrostatic cores in self‐gravitating molecular cloud
Authors: Kumssa Gemechu M. , Tessema Solomon B.
Published: October 2019

In this study, we present low mass to intermediate‐mass star‐forming hydrostatic cores in a self‐gravitating molecular cloud. Considering that the gravitational energy released during the collapse is the energy difference between the initial and final conditions. According to the virial theorem half the change in gravitational energy goes into internal energy the other half gets radiated away. However, half the change in gravitational energy is not completely (100%) emitted in the form of radiation. Therefore, we impose a dimensionless thermodynamic efficiency factor ϵ (where 0 < ϵ < 1) and quantify it as . Using these preconditions, we formulate equations of mass, density, and radius for the first hydrostatic core and the second hydrostatic core. The model shows there is a close relationship between the first hydrostatic core properties and the prestellar core properties. Moreover, the first hydrostatic core properties can influence the second hydrostatic core formation.
Genome‐wide association analysis of autism identified multiple loci that have been reported as strong signals for neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Xia Lu , Ou Jianjun , Li Kuokuo , Guo Hui , Hu Zhengmao , Bai Ting , Zhao Jingping , Xia Kun , Zhang Fengyu
Published: October 2019

Autism is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a moderate to a high degree of heritability, but only a few common genetic variants that explain the heritability have been associated. We performed a genome‐wide transmission disequilibrium test analysis of a newly genotyped autism case–parent triad samples (127 trios) in Han Chinese, identified top association signals at multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs9839376 (OR = 2.59, P = 1.27 × 10−05) at KCNMB2, rs6044680 (OR = 0.319, P = 4.82 × 10−05) and rs7274133 (OR = 0.313, P = 3.22 × 10−05) at PCSK2, and rs310619 (OR = 2.40, P = 7.44 × 10−05) at EEF1A2. Furthermore, a genome‐wide combined P‐value of individual SNPs in two independent case–parent triad samples (total 402 triads, n = 1,206) identified SNPs at EGFLAM, ZDHHC2, AGBL1, and SNX29 as additional association signals for autism. While none of these signals achieved a genome‐wide significance in the two samples of our study, they have been reported in a previous genome‐wide association study of neuropsychiatric disorders, and the majority of these SNP have a significant cis‐regulatory association with mRNA in human tissues (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Our study warrants further study or replication with additional sample for association with autism and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 382–396. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Autism is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, heritable, but only a few common genetic variants that explain the heritability have been associated. We conducted a genome‐wide association study with two cohorts of autism case–parent triad samples in Han Chinese and identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms that were reported as strong association signals in a previous genome‐wide association study of other neuropsychiatric disorders or related traits. Our study provides evidence for shared genetic variants among autism and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
30 Jahre BAM‐Zulassung (in der Deponietechnik): material‐ und prüftechnische Entwicklungen
Authors: Müller Werner W. , Simon Franz‐Georg , Wöhlecke Andreas
Published: October 2019

Vor 30 Jahren wurde die erste BAM‐Zulassung für ein Geokunststoffprodukt in der Deponietechnik ausgestellt. Seither wurden immer wieder eigene wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen durchgeführt, neue Forschungsergebnisse herangezogen und die Prüftechnik weiterentwickelt, um die Eignung und Funktionsdauer von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen, Schutzschichten, Kunststoff‐Dränelementen, geotextilen Filtern oder Bewehrungsgittern beurteilen zu können. Einige dieser Entwicklungen werden hier diskutiert.
Highly Elastic Binders Incorporated with Helical Molecules to Improve the Electrochemical Stability of Black Phosphorous Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Lv Zhisheng , Liang Qinghua , Xia Huarong , Zhu Zhiqiang , Zhang Wei , Ge Xiang , Yuan Pei , Yan Qingyu , Chen Xiaodong
Published: October 2019

Black phosphorus has aroused attention as an attractive anode for sodium‐ion batteries, because of its high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, its practical application is hindered by the large volume expansion, which results in rapid capacity decay. Herein, we report that this challenge can be addressed by using an elaborately designed binder for the phosphorus‐based electrodes. The incorporation of amylose molecules with helical structures endows the linear polyacrylic acid polymer binders with extraordinary stretchability and elasticity under 400 % strain. When it is applied as a binder for black‐phosphorus‐based anodes for sodium‐ion batteries, the adhesion between the electrode and the current collector is much stronger (2.95 N) than that of the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) binder based one (1.90 N). The electrode delivered a capacity as high as 1280 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 300 cycles, which is better than the electrode with PVDF binder. Impressively, even after 1000 cycles, the electrode with our binder exhibits a capacity retention of 80 %. Our work sheds light on the significance of the rational design of effective binders and provides a new strategy to further improve the electrochemical performance of phosphorus‐based materials for battery applications, which can be added on directly to other new electrode materials development strategies.
‘Push on through’: Children’s perspectives on the narratives of resilience in schools identified for intensive mental health promotion
Authors: Brown Ceri , Dixon Jeremy
Published: October 2019

Child mental health is a growing concern for policymakers across the global north. Schools have become a key site for mental health interventions, with new programmes aimed at promoting ‘resilience’, through which children may maintain or regain mental health during adversity. As one of the first studies to explore the early impact of intensive mental health promotion in schools from children’s perspectives, we adopt a governmentality approach to consider the logic and techniques of such programmes with a specific focus on England. An innovative visual methodology was used to focus on student perspectives of mental health interventions in school. Young peoples’ photo representations of mental health were collected and used to stimulate focus group discussions with 65 students aged 12–14, across seven schools. ‘Resilience’ was seen to be the key organising concept for mental health interventions in schools. The concept was viewed as narrowly focused on attitude towards—and performance in—school work, with individuals being encouraged to ‘push on through’ difficulties to achieve success. Young people were critical of this approach, suggesting several alternatives. These included increased access to independent mental health professionals, safe spaces within schools and mental health education that addressed the social and affective dimensions of mental health difficulties.
Tunable lanthanide/transition metal ion‐doped novel phosphors for possible application in w‐LEDs: a review
Authors: Tiwari Ashish , Dhoble S.J.
Published: October 2019

Lanthanide‐based phosphors have been extensively investigated for their possible applications in solid‐state lighting technologies especially for white‐light‐emitting diodes. In this review article emphasis has been laid on discussing the recent developments of phosphors for warm white‐light production based on various optical characteristics such as quantum efficiency, thermal stability, short emission decay time, long‐term stability, facile synthesis, and low cost of production. We have tried to cover the essential and latest discoveries of the lanthanide/rare earth‐doped phosphors after 2010. New generations of narrow‐band phosphors have also been included. The optical and material properties of several novel phosphors and their luminescence characteristics have been thoroughly discussed.
Value of ALPPS in surgery for Klatskin tumours
Authors: Nagino M
Published: October 2019

May not be necessary
Can clinical psychology students benefit from brief and intensive mindfulness training?
Authors: Schanche Elisabeth , Vøllestad Jon , Binder Per Einar , Osnes Berge , Visted Endre , Svendsen Julie Lillebostad , Sørensen Lin
Published: October 2019

This pilot study examined the impact of mindfulness training on skills relevant for the well‐being and therapeutic functioning of clinical psychology students. Twenty‐five psychology students took part in an intensive mindfulness training programme, consisting of three 2.5‐hr sessions and one all‐day silent retreat. The students filled out self‐report measures of rumination, emotional reactivity to stress, difficulties with emotion regulation, mindfulness and self‐compassion. They also completed two cognitive tests (revised version of the Attention Network Test and a Stroop colour‐word inference task) before and after the course. The students reported significant decreases in rumination (d = 0.75, p = .001), emotional reactivity to stress (d = 0.81, p = .001) and difficulties in emotion regulation (d = 0.57, p = .008). They also reported increased mindfulness (d = 0.93, p = .001) and self‐compassion (d = 0.81, p = .001). On both cognitive performance tests, the students showed an increase in executive control, that is the ability to prioritise among competing thoughts, feelings and responses (ANT, d = 1.48; p = .001; Stroop: d = 0.63; p = .004). The students also showed a moderate increase in cognitive flexibility (d = 0.66; p = .003), measured by Stroop.

Conclusions

The study indicates that it may be beneficial to introduce personal mindfulness practice as a way of preparing novice therapists for their future profession. The findings also support the potential value of including measures of attentional capacities in future studies of psychotherapy training.
Venous access closure using a purse‐string suture without heparin antagonism or additional compression after MitraClip implantation
Authors: Akkaya Ersan , Sözener Korkut , Rixe Johannes , Tsiakou Maria , Souretis Georgios , Chavakis Emmanouil , Meyners Werner , Tanislav Christian , Gündüz Dursun , Erkapic Damir
Published: October 2019

Objectives

This observational study was designed to analyze the safety and feasibility of percutaneous skin closure using a purse‐string suture (PSS) after MitraClip procedures.

Methods

Forty‐one consecutive patients with severe mitral regurgitation who underwent MitraClip implantation from February 2018 to January 2019 at our institution received a PSS after percutaneous mitral valve repair before withdrawal of the 24‐French (Fr) sheath. Protamine was not administered after venous closure at procedure end. No compression therapy (e.g., compression bandage or pneumatic compression device) was used. Patients were on bed rest for 6 hrs prior to suture removal, which was accomplished 18–24 hrs after MitraClip implantation. We analyzed the occurrence of any vascular or thromboembolic complications during the hospital stay and until the 3‐month follow‐up.

Results

The primary endpoint—any access‐related major complication—did not occur in any patients. None of the patients revealed a pseudoaneurysm or an arteriovenous fistula, a thromboembolic complication, or local stenosis related to the PSS closure. The secondary endpoint— minor access‐site vascular complications (hematoma)— was documented in six (14.6%) patients.

Conclusions

Venous access‐site closure with a PSS without the need for protamine administration or compression therapy appears to be safe and feasible in patients undergoing MitraClip implantation with access via a 24‐Fr sheath.
Successful endovascular isolation of a huge true anterior tibial artery aneurysm by the bi‐directional approach in a young patient
Authors: Ono Shigeshi , Shimogawara Tatsuya , Yamazoe Shinji , Matsui Junichi
Published: October 2019

Anterior tibial artery aneurysms (ATAAs) are relatively rare entities. Most ATAAs are pseudoaneurysms resulting from trauma, infection, or iatrogenic injury. We observed a 33‐year‐old woman with a huge true ATAA who did not have any potential cause of pseudoaneurysm or risk factors for atherosclerosis or connective tissue disorder. Endovascular isolation by the bi‐directional approach was successfully performed, and the ATAA was totally excluded from the afferent blood flow. Distal flow of the anterior tibial artery was preserved, and pulsation of the dorsal pedis artery was also well preserved. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and follow‐up ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the ATAA shrinkage.
Short‐time Thermal Oxidation of Ultrathin and Broadband Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Generation
Authors: Mo Zhao , She Xiaojie , Chen Zhigang , Xu Fan , Song Yanhua , Zhu Xingwang , Qian Junchao , Li Huaming , Lei Yucheng , Xu Hui
Published: October 2019

Broadband light absorption and excellent charge separation/migration efficiency are two important indicators for promising photocatalyst. However, realizing the above two aspects simultaneously is still a challenge. Here, an ultrathin and broadband carbon nitride (UBCN) is synthesized via a short‐time thermal oxidation process. The as‐prepared UBCN exhibits outstanding photocatalytic H2 generation activity (240.60 μmol h−1) under irradiation with λ>400 nm. Moreover, UBCN can work under irradiation with a longer wavelength (λ>500 nm), the corresponding H2 evolution rate is 5.08 μmol h−1, which is 14.8 times higher than that of bulk carbon nitride (Bulk CN). The excellent photocatalytic performance should be credited to the efficient charge separation/migration (the ultrathin structure) and the extended light absorption range. This work provides a simple and convenient strategy to prepare broadband and ultrathin metal‐free photocatalytic materials.
Ru Nanoparticles Supported on Oxygen‐Deficient 3DOM BiVO4: High‐Performance Catalysts for the Visible‐Light‐Driven Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Zhang Kunfeng , Liu Yuxi , Deng Jiguang , Jing Lin , Pei Wenbo , Han Zhuo , Zhang Xing , Dai Hongxing
Published: October 2019

Developing novel photocatalysts for green synthesis of important organic intermediates under mild conditions is of great significance in industry. In this work, we synthesized the oxygen‐deficient three‐dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) BiVO4‐supported nanosized Ru (xRu/3DOM BiVO4, x=0.24–2.16 wt %) catalysts by the polymethyl methacrylate‐templating, ethylene glycol reduction, and post‐thermal treatment methods. Physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized using the various techniques, and their catalytic activities for the visible‐light‐driven selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde were measured. It is found that the Ru nanoparticles (NPs) with a size of 1.2–1.5 nm were uniformly dispersed on the surface of 3DOM BiVO4, which gave rise to a significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity. Benzyl alcohol conversion first went up and then dropped down with the rise in loading of Ru NPs. The 0.95Ru/3DOM BiVO4−Ar‐300 sample was thermally treated in an Ar flow at 300 °C for 4 h showed the highest benzyl alcohol conversion (78 %) with a benzaldehyde selectivity of 100 % (benzaldehyde formation rate was 1380 μmol/(g h) after 6 h of illumination) and good photocatalytic stability. The high dispersion of Ru NPs and formation of oxygen vacancies in 3DOM BiVO4 improved separation and transfer efficiency of the photogenerated electrons/holes and increased the superoxide radical concentration. In addition, the possible mechanism of benzyl alcohol oxidation over 0.95Ru/3DOM BiVO4−Ar‐300 was also discussed. The oxygen‐deficient 3DOM BiVO4‐supported Ru NPs have promising applications for selective oxidation of organics.
Influence of Coordination Environment of Anchored Single‐Site Cobalt Catalyst on CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Jimenez Juan D. , Wen Cun , Royko Michael M. , Kropf Arthur J. , Segre Carlo , Lauterbach Jochen
Published: October 2019

Heterogeneous catalysts generally have a variety of active‐site structures due to the innate heterogeneity of the surface, resulting in complicated correlations between activity and active‐site structure. Single site heterogeneous cobalt catalysts with a uniform catalytic surface were utilized as a platform to probe surface sensitive reactions; in this case CO2 hydrogenation. It was found that atomically isolated cobalt single sites, which exist solely in the tetrahedral Co2+ coordination, exclusively form CO under typical CO2 methanation conditions, while cobalt clusters yielded the highest rate of CO2 reaction and began to form methane. Utilizing the principles of Ostwald Ripening to probe the ensemble effects for CO2 hydrogenation, the transition from atomic isolation to small clusters of atoms to nanoparticles was explored. The chemical structure of the cobalt was elucidated primarily via X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XANES/EXAFS) and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS).
Bimetallic Selenide LiInSe2 Decorated with a Uniform Carbon Layer with Superior Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Liu Yangyang , Zhang Yupeng , Bai Xue , Zhu He , Li Xuesong , Liu Yang , Cui Deliang , Li Bo , Tao Xutang
Published: October 2019

Owing to their relatively high electronic conductivity and electrochemical activity, bimetallic chalcogenides exhibit promising applications in advanced lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, for the first time, a uniform thin carbon layer (about 2–3 nm) derived from citric acid coating bimetallic selenide, LiInSe2, is designed. When used as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the novel carbon‐coated LiInSe2 anode delivers high initial charge/discharge capacities of 545.2/732.0 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Even after 800 cycles at 1500 mA g−1, a high reversible capacity of 333 mAh g−1 can be achieved, suggesting its superior rate capability and cycling stability. The excellent electrochemical performance of the carbon‐coated LiInSe2 anode is ascribed to the improved electronic/ionic conductivity, electrochemical activity, and reaction kinetics. This remarkable lithium storage property indicates the potential application of bimetallic selenide for future lithium‐ion batteries.
Differentiating and Quantifying Dead Lithium.
Authors: Sun Fu , Manke Ingo
Published: October 2019

The current Highlight emphasizes the significance of a recently published Nature paper (Nature 2019, 572, 511–515) and sheds light onto future research activities on Li anodes, for example, the solid electrolyte interphase Li, the dead Li, the morphology of the electrodeposited Li, as well as the correlation between the dead Li and battery performance degradation.
Control of Chemical Reactions by Using Molecules that Buffer Non‐aqueous Solutions
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Tanaka Fujie
Published: October 2019

Control of chemical reactions is necessary to obtain designer chemical transformation products and for preventing decomposition and isomerization reactions of compounds of interest. For the control of chemical events in aqueous solutions, the use of aqueous buffers is a common practice. However, no molecules that buffer non‐aqueous solutions were commonly used. Herein, we demonstrate that 1,3‐cyclohexanedione derivatives have buffering functions in non‐aqueous solutions. It was also shown that these molecules can be utilized to alter and control chemical reactions. 1,3‐Cyclohexanedione derivatives inhibited both acid‐ and base‐catalyzed isomerizations and decompositions in organic solvents. The reaction products obtained in the presence of the buffering molecule 2‐methyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione differed from those obtained in the absence of the buffering molecule. The use of buffering molecules that work in organic solvents provides a strategy to control chemical reactions and expands the range of compounds that can be synthesized.
Decomposition of Picolyl Radicals at High Temperature: A Mass Selective Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Reusch Engelbert , Holzmeier Fabian , Gerlach Marius , Fischer Ingo , Hemberger Patrick
Published: October 2019

The reaction products of the picolyl radicals at high temperature were characterized by mass‐selective threshold photoelectron spectroscopy in the gas phase. Aminomethylpyridines were pyrolyzed to initially produce picolyl radicals (m/z=92). At higher temperatures further thermal reaction products are generated in the pyrolysis reactor. All compounds were identified by mass‐selected threshold photoelectron spectroscopy and several hitherto unexplored reactive molecules were characterized. The mechanism for several dissociation pathways was outlined in computations. The spectrum of m/z=91, resulting from hydrogen loss of picolyl, shows four isomers, two ethynyl pyrroles with adiabatic ionization energies (IEad) of 7.99 eV (2‐ethynyl‐1H‐pyrrole) and 8.12 eV (3‐ethynyl‐1H‐pyrrole), and two cyclopentadiene carbonitriles with IE′s of 9.14 eV (cyclopenta‐1,3‐diene‐1‐carbonitrile) and 9.25 eV (cyclopenta‐1,4‐diene‐1‐carbonitrile). A second consecutive hydrogen loss forms the cyanocyclopentadienyl radical with IE′s of 9.07 eV (T0) and 9.21 eV (S1). This compound dissociates further to acetylene and the cyanopropynyl radical (IE=9.35 eV). Furthermore, the cyclopentadienyl radical, penta‐1,3‐diyne, cyclopentadiene and propargyl were identified in the spectra. Computations indicate that dissociation of picolyl proceeds initially via a resonance‐stabilized seven‐membered ring.
π‐Conjugated Macrocycles Bearing Angle‐Strained Alkynes
Authors: Miki Koji , Ohe Kouichi
Published: October 2019

Angle‐strained alkyne‐containing π‐conjugated macrocycles are attractive compounds both in functional materials chemistry and biochemistry. Their interesting reactivity as well as photophysical and supramolecular properties have been revealed in the past three decades. This review highlights the recent advances in angle‐strained alkyne‐containing π‐conjugated macrocycles, especially their synthetic methods, the bond angles of alkynes (∠sp at C≡C−C), and their functions. The theoretical and experimental research on cyclo[n]carbons and para‐cyclophynes consisting of ethynylenes and para‐phenylenes are mainly summarized. Related macrocycles bearing other linkers, such as ortho‐phenylenes, meta‐phenylenes, heteroaromatics, biphenyls, extended aromatics, are also overviewed. Bond angles of strained alkynes in π‐conjugated macrocycles, which are generable, detectable, and isolable, are summarized at the end of this review.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer Involving a Naphthalimide Chromophore in Switchable and Flexible [2]Rotaxanes
Authors: Colasson Benoit , Credi Alberto , Ventura Barbara
Published: October 2019

The interlocking of ring and axle molecular components in rotaxanes provides a way to combine chromophoric, electron‐donor and electron‐acceptor moieties in the same molecular entity, in order to reproduce the features of photosynthetic reaction centers. To this aim, the photoinduced electron transfer processes involving a 1,8‐naphthalimide chromophore, embedded in several rotaxane‐based dyads, were investigated by steady‐state and time‐resolved absorption and luminescence spectroscopic experiments in the 300 fs–10 ns time window. Different rotaxanes built around the dialkylammonium/ dibenzo[24]crown‐8 ether supramolecular motif were designed and synthesized to decipher the relevance of key structural factors, such as the chemical deactivation of the ammonium‐crown ether recognition, the presence of a secondary site for the ring along the axle, and the covalent functionalization of the macrocycle with a phenothiazine electron donor. Indeed, the conformational freedom of these compounds gives rise to a rich dynamic behavior induced by light and may provide opportunities for investigating and understanding phenomena that take place in complex (bio)molecular architectures.
Iron Coordination to Hollow Microporous Metal‐Free Disalphen Networks: Heterogeneous Iron Catalysts for CO2 Fixation to Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Cho Kyoungil , Lee Sang Moon , Kim Hae Jin , Ko Yoon‐Joo , Kang Eun Joo , Son Seung Uk
Published: October 2019

This work shows that a hollow and microporous metal‐free N,N′‐phenylenebis(salicylideneimine) (salphen) network (H‐MSN) can be engineered by Sonogashira coupling of [tetraiodo{di(Zn‐salphen)}] building blocks with 1,4‐diethynylbenzene in the presence of silica templates and by successive Zn and silica etching. Iron(III) ions could be incorporated into the H‐MSN to form hollow and microporous Fe–disalphen networks (H‐MFeSN) with enhanced microporosity and surface area. The H‐MFeSN showed efficient catalytic performance and recyclability in the CO2 conversion to cyclic carbonates.
Facile Generation of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Fabrication of Highly Efficient Non‐Doped OLEDs Based on Triazine Derivatives
Authors: Chih Hsin‐Yun , Chen Ying‐Wei , Hsieh Yi‐Chun , Li Wei‐Cheng , Liao Chia‐Wei , Lin Chun‐Han , Chiu Ting‐Ya , Tsai Wei‐Wen , Lu Chin‐Wei , Chang Chih‐Hao
Published: October 2019

A series of donor–acceptor–donor triazine‐based molecules with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties were synthesized to obtain highly efficient blue‐emitting OLEDs with non‐doped emitting layers (EMLs). The targeted molecules use a triazine core as the electron acceptor, and a benzene ring as the conjugated linker with different electron donors to alternate the energy level of the HOMO to further tune the emission color. The introduction of long alkyl chains on the triazine core inhibits the unwanted intermolecular D–D/A–A‐type π–π interactions, resulting in the intermolecular D–A charge transfer. The weak aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect caused by the suppressed intermolecular D–D/A–A‐type π–π interaction further enhances the emission. The crowded molecular structure allows the electron donor and acceptor to be nearly orthogonal, thereby reducing the energy gap between triplet and singlet excited states (ΔEST). As a result, blue‐emitting devices with TH‐2DMAC and TH‐2DPAC non‐doped EMLs showed satisfactory efficiencies of 12.8 % and 15.8 %, respectively, which is one of the highest external quantum efficiency (EQEs) reported for blue TADF emitters (λpeak<475 nm), demonstrating that our tailored molecular designs are promising strategies to endow OLEDs with excellent electroluminescent performances.
Supramolecular Nanowires from an Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Chromophore
Authors: Chakraborty Saptarshi , Varghese Shinto , Ghosh Suhrit
Published: October 2019

Oligothiophene derivatives have been extensively studied as p‐type semiconducting materials in organic electronics applications. This work reports the synthesis, self‐assembly and photophysical properties of acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A)‐type oligothiophene derivatives by end‐group engineering of quaterthiophene (QT) with naphthalene monoimide (NMI) chromophores that are further connected to a trialkoxy benzamide wedge. Conjugation to the NMI units reduces the HOMO–LUMO gap significantly, and consequently the absorption spectrum exhibits a bathochromic shift of about 50 nm compared with QT. Furthermore, extended H‐bonding interactions among the amido groups of the peripheral wedges produce entangled fibrillar nanostructures and gelation in hydrocarbon solvents such as methylcyclohexane, wherein the A–D–A chromophore exhibits typical H‐aggregation. On the contrary, the fact that the same chromophore, lacking only the amido units, does not produce gels or H‐aggregates indicates strong impact of H‐bonding on the self‐assembly. Computational studies revealed the electronic properties of the chromophore and predicted the geometry of a dimer in the H‐aggregate that reasonably matches with the experimental results. Bulk electrical conductivity measurements determined an excellent conductivity of 2.3×10−2 S cm−1 for the H‐aggregated system (OT‐1), which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the same chromophore lacking the amido groups (OT‐2).