bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract B108: Developing and implementing an effective reflective practice toolkit on a cancer research training program
Authors: Kaminsky Emily R. , Chen Yuku , Zhu Lin , Fang Carolyn , Dodd SJ
Published: September 2024

Hispanic/Latinos, Black/African Americans, Asians, American Indian or Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders, or individuals who report more than one race are underrepresented in the biomedical workforce. In order to combat this disparity, the Summer Cancer Research Institute (SCRI) was developed to train underrepresented minority (URM) students in cancer research. This study explored the feasibility and impact of reflective practices on trainees’ experience and learning outcomes within the SCRI training program. Reflective practice has been shown to increase metacognition, competency, feelings of belonging, and the sense of a scientific identity, all of which are crucial skills for URM trainees. In this study, we developed and implemented a robust toolkit to support reflective practice, which includes (1) four reflective journal entries, (2) four bi-weekly check-in discussion groups, (3) two social media posts, (4) two reflective practice seminars and (5) pre- and post-program surveys. The toolkit was utilized to actively engage trainees in reflective practices throughout their participation in the summer training program. The goals were to (1) enhance the trainees' ability to effectively use reflective practice for their learning, and (2) support and improve their overall learning experience and outcomes in the summer training program. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data collected to examine how the completion of assignments included in the toolkit impacted the overall learning experience of trainees. This involved assessing the trainees' ability to critically reflect on their assumptions and biases, expectations, previous and current experiences, perceived challenges, and personal growth throughout the program, as well as their visions for future education and professional careers. The findings from this study inform our understanding of how reflective practice toolkits can contribute to positive outcomes and resilience among individuals engaged in a cancer research training program. In this presentation, we plan to discuss the importance of reflective practice in cancer disparity research education and the specific mechanisms through which it improved the trainees’ learning experiences and outcomes. We will also share the successes and challenges in implementing the toolkit and explore the potential for our toolkit to be utilized by similar training programs.

Citation Format: Emily R. Kaminsky, Yuku Chen, Lin Zhu, Carolyn Fang, SJ Dodd. Developing and implementing an effective reflective practice toolkit on a cancer research training program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B108.
Abstract B114: Enhancing understanding and engagement: Investigating the impact of education on clinical trial participation
Authors: Onafowokan Jesutomisola , Nikita FNU , Siddiqui Iqra , Lopez Ana Maria
Published: September 2024

Institutions: Thomas Jefferson University Department of Oncology Funded by: NIH/NCI 3P30CA056036-22S1 Background Clinical trials (CT) advance knowledge in cancer care. Access to CT may be facilitated by patient knowledge. We evaluated the impact of a tailored CT educational video intervention via a pre- and post-test survey on CT interest and enrollment. Methods Participants included persons with cancer (PwCa) as well as persons without cancer—general population (GP). A McNemar test was used to assess the differences in survey scores for patients knowledge (11 questions) and intention-to-participate in future CT (6 questions). Results 363 (GP) and 116 (PwCa) participated; 178 and 55 participants completed both pre- and post-surveys, respectively. GP: 148 (70%) men, 58 (28%) women, 2 (1%) transgender, 2 (1%) non-binary; white, non-Latinx 125 (60%), Black 60 (29%), Asian 2 (1%), Latinx 52 (25%). PwCa: 48 (47%) men, 48 (53%) women; white, non-Latinx 71 (79%), Black 8 (9%), Asian 7 (7%), Latinx 5 (6%).The mean age was 30 yrs (sd: 7 yrs) [GP] and 55 yrs (sd: 17.8 yrs) [PwCa]. PwCa scores significantly improved for “In a CT, a patient will always get the new medicine or treatment being tested” (p=0.003). GP scores significantly improved for “You can only join a CT after you have tried all other options (p=0.002)”, “CTs test whether a new medicine or treatment works (p=0.031)” and “Once I sign a consent form, I must stay in the CT until my doctor tells me I'm done (p=0.0001).” The intention to participate in CT improved significantly in PwCa (p<0.05). The intention to gain more information about CT from their physicians and discussing CT with family (p<0.05) improved significantly in GP. Conclusions The tailored educational intervention significantly impacted PwCa’s intention to participate in CT and GP’s intention to learn more about CT and to share the CT information learned. The GP group was more diverse. Ongoing research is monitoring whether PwCa participants enroll in a CT, thereby assessing the long-term impact of the educational intervention on decision-making regarding CT participation taking into account CT availability and eligibility.

Citation Format: Jesutomisola Onafowokan, FNU Nikita, Iqra Siddiqui, Ana Maria Lopez. Enhancing understanding and engagement: Investigating the impact of education on clinical trial participation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B114.
Abstract B115: Intensive Course in genetic cancer risk assessment: Empowering clinicians, expanding clinical knowledge, and elevating care in underserved populations
Authors: Tanna Dev , Luna John , Capasso Alex , Blazer Kathleen
Published: September 2024

Background: Despite efforts to integrate genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA) services into mainstream medicine, the dearth of healthcare providers adequately trained in clinical cancer genetics remains a significant barrier to care, particularly in underserved communities. Since 2001, City of Hope has helped address this need through a distance mediated lntensive Course (IC) and Clinical Cancer Genomics Community of Practice (CCGCoP), with a focus on training and supporting clinicians who deliver care to underserved patient populations. Here we report on the reach, education, and practice outcomes from the past five annual cohorts of the IC in its pursuit to expand GCRA care to underserved areas and minority populations. Methods: Practice catchment area and patient population data were collected on the course application. Cancer genetics knowledge was assessed at baseline and immediate post-course; professional self-efficacy and practice changes were measured at baseline, immediate, and 12 months post-course. Results: Of 762 participants from five IC cohorts (2020-2024), 566 (74%) indicated they provide all or part of their care in an underserved area and/or to minority populations; 55 (10%) practice outside the U.S. Of these 566 clinicians, mean pre-to-post course knowledge scores increased 59%, and mean pre-to-post self-efficacy scores increased by 38%. Of 195 participants who completed a one-year post-course practice survey, 68 (35%) did not practice GCRA at baseline, of whom 61 (88%) reported implementing GCRA into their practice one-year post-course. Of 126 participants who were practicing GCRA at baseline, 55 (44%) reported an increase in their GCRA patient volume at one-year post-course. Open-ended feedback revealed that participants highly valued IC training and ongoing CCGCoP support for building and sustaining their GCRA skills, resources, and practices. Conclusions:Results demonstrate the efficacy of distance-mediated training and ongoing practice support in enhancing clinician competencies and knowledge of practicing GCRA therefore increasing access to GCRA services for underserved and minority patient populations. Efforts are underway to leverage the resources of the IC and CCGCoP to develop a more flexible, cost-effective course model and collaborate with champions to increase access to best practices in GCRA in diverse underserved settings across the US and internationally.

Citation Format: Dev Tanna, John Luna, Alex Capasso, Kathleen Blazer. Intensive Course in genetic cancer risk assessment: Empowering clinicians, expanding clinical knowledge, and elevating care in underserved populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B115.
Abstract B130: Partnership in persistent poverty neighborhoods: The Acres Homes Cancer Prevention Collaboration
Authors: Basen-Engquist Karen , Rechis Ruth , Mackert Michael , Love Brad , Sharma Shreela , Shete Sanjay , Lu Qian , Chang Shine , Raber Margaret , Baum Miranda , Roberson Crystal , McNeill Lorna
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Rising obesity rates significantly contribute to increases in many types of cancer. The link between obesity, socioeconomic status, and cancer risk is evident, particularly in persistent poverty areas. The Acres Homes Cancer Prevention Collaboration (Acres Homes CPC), part of the Persistent Poverty Initiative (PPI) of the National Cancer Institute, is a dynamic partnership led by the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. This community-academic partnership, centered on the Acres Homes neighborhood in Houston, TX, that is impacted by persistent poverty, utilizes community-engaged strategies and transdisciplinary research to mitigate obesity-related cancer risks. Methods: Through multiple community partnerships, the CPC aims to alleviate persistent poverty effects, support early-career researchers, and test nutrition and physical activity interventions for reducing obesity-related cancer risk. Results: The Acres Homes CPC funds two research projects: a trial of a physical activity program for cancer survivors and a cluster-randomized trial of food distribution and nutrition education for elementary school children and their parents. We have funded seven pilot studies on topics such as food security, culinary medicine, physical activity and mild cognitive impairment, and the physical and safety environment of neighborhoods. Three community advisors guide and support all activities, and information on the initiative is provided monthly to a community steering committee. The Acres Homes CPC also supports pre- and postdoctoral fellows interested in research promoting cancer prevention and control in persistent poverty communities. Conclusions: This initiative aims to reduce cancer risk and improve cancer outcomes in persistent poverty communities by bridging the gap between research and practical implementation through community-based participatory research and partnership with the community to address obesity.

Citation Format: Karen Basen-Engquist, Ruth Rechis, Michael Mackert, Brad Love, Shreela Sharma, Sanjay Shete, Qian Lu, Shine Chang, Margaret Raber, Miranda Baum, Crystal Roberson, Lorna McNeill. Partnership in persistent poverty neighborhoods: The Acres Homes Cancer Prevention Collaboration [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B130.
Abstract B156: Exploring identity-specific stressors among Black women with a family history of cancer
Authors: Jones Samantha R. , Barsh Debbynie , McIntyre Kathleen , Ledford Christy J.W.
Published: September 2024

Background: Compared to women of other racial/ethnic groups, Black women are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive subtypes of breast cancer (including triple-negative breast cancer), diagnosed at younger ages, diagnosed at more advanced stages, and have higher mortality rates and poorer survival outcomes. Black women also experience higher rates of breast cancer recurrence, which further exacerbates the survival disparities. These disparities are influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and social factors, including chronic stress and discrimination. Understanding identity-specific stressors will help identify potential risk factors impacting breast cancer outcomes among Black women.Objective: This study aims to identify common stressors among Black women aged 18 to 49 with a family history of cancer, exploring potential links to breast health risk. Methods: We conducted a grounded theory study, including qualitative interviews from Black women in the Augusta, Georgia, area (N=47) discussing life as a Black woman and sources of stress. Participants with a close family history of cancer (defined as having at least one first- or second-degree relative diagnosed with cancer) were selected for this analysis (n=22). We applied the Sort & Sift, Think & Shift method for analysis. Results: We identified three categories in response to the research question, including healthcare access barriers and medical invalidation (particularly in rural communities), intergenerational trauma, and Strong Black Woman persona (characterized by independence, emotional suppression, and a tendency to care for others while neglecting their own needs). Participants described these categories in reference to themselves and their female family members with cancer. Participants reported stress related to jobs and caregiving responsibilities, lack of adequate social support, lack of time and finances necessary for self-care, and racial discrimination in medical settings. Conclusion: The identified stressors highlight the complex interplay between familial cancer history and daily stress experiences among Black women. These findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to mitigate stress and potentially reduce breast cancer risk. Further research is warranted to explore these themes in relation to breast cancer outcomes.

Citation Format: Samantha R. Jones, Debbynie Barsh, Kathleen McIntyre, Christy J.W. Ledford. Exploring identity-specific stressors among Black women with a family history of cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B156.
Abstract C001: Global disparities in prostate cancer burden: An analysis of the GLOBOCAN 2020 database
Authors: Arigbede Olumide , Buxbaum Sarah G. , Falzarano Sara , Rhie Suhn K.
Published: September 2024

Background: Prostate cancer (PCr) is one of the most common cancers among men globally, with considerable variations in incidence and death rates between racial/ethnic groups and geographical regions. With more than 1.4 million new cases reported in 2020, the global burden of PCr is predicted to double over the next two decades, to 2.9 million new cases and approximately 700,000 fatalities. Understanding the disparities in PCr is crucial for designing targeted treatments, and interventions and addressing health inequities. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of the recent global trends in PCr, focusing on incidence, mortality, and disparities in disease burden. Methods:This study analyzed age-standardized PCr incidence and mortality rates from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database for 174 countries, categorized by region and income level. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to investigate the relationships between PCr rates and socioeconomic factors like the Human Development Index (HDI) and healthcare expenditure (HE). The study evaluated PCr distribution across age and geography, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results:PCr incidence rates were highest in developed regions like Northern America (73.8/100,000), Western Europe (69.1/100,000), and Australia/New Zealand (88.2/100,000), and lowest in Eastern Asia (10.5/100,000) and Northern Africa (9.7/100,000). Mortality patterns were similar, with highest rates in the Caribbean (29.3/100,000) and Sub-Saharan Africa (26.6/100,000), and lowest in Eastern Asia (4.1/100,000) and Northern Africa (8.3/100,000). While incidence correlated positively with the HDI (p<0.001), mortality showed no significant association after adjusting for HE. Conclusion:This global analysis revealed major disparities in PCr incidence and mortality rates. Incidence was higher in developed regions, while mortality was elevated in economically disadvantaged areas. Further research is needed to understand the complex genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors driving these disparities. Key Takeaways: There is a continued need for targeted interventions to reduce the global burden of PCr and address disparities in disease burden.

Citation Format: Olumide Arigbede, Sarah G. Buxbaum, Sara Falzarano, Suhn K. Rhie. Global disparities in prostate cancer burden: An analysis of the GLOBOCAN 2020 database [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C001
Abstract C026: Analyzing the effect of annonacin on diverse breast cancer cell lines as a potential therapeutic agent for triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Hernandez-Torres Jennifer , Guzman Kelly Argueta
Published: September 2024

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) grows and spreads faster than most invasive breast cancer. Additionally, available treatment options and prognosis are poor. Due to limited available treatment options, finding the appropriate and effective chemotherapeutic agents for TNBC patients is a key research effort. Importantly, differential therapeutic response reported between ethnic and racial groups has prompted a need for better treatment modalities. In previous studies, Annonacin (Annona Muricata-a plant with anti-inflammatory properties) has been tested and shown to have cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of Annonacin across racial backgrounds. For this study, we used two TNBC cell lines; MDA-MB-468 (derived from a 51-year old African American female) and MDA-MB-231 (derived from a 40-year old Caucasian American female). Our hypothesis is that Annonacin will inhibit cell proliferation in both TNBC cell lines, potentially giving rise to a beneficial therapeutic agent that will address health disparity. To assess the efficacy of Annonacin, cell viability was measured using a MTT assay providing IC50 values for each cell line. The 50% inhibitory concentrations were 8.5 uM and 15 uM for MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry to assess the effect of Annonacin on the induction of cell cycle arrest. MDA-MB-231 was arrested at the G2 phase in a dose-dependent manner. MDA-MB-468 was arrested at the G2 phase at 7.5 uM. Induction of apoptosis was at 15 uM (MDA-MB-468) and 30uM (MDA-MB-231). In addition, protein expression for both cell lines, as determined by western blotting analysis, showed an increase of the cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin B1 and CDK1 and the apoptotic protein caspase-3. Results for this small sample size demonstrate efficacy of treatment for both racial populations. Further studies analyzing the effect of Annonacin on additional diverse TNBC cell lines, organoids, and patient derived xenografts will advance the progression of alternative treatments for all patients with TNBC.

Citation Format: Jennifer Hernandez-Torres, Kelly Argueta Guzman. Analyzing the effect of annonacin on diverse breast cancer cell lines as a potential therapeutic agent for triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C026.
Abstract C049: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity promotes cancer progression and drug resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells
Authors: Khamit-Kush Kofi K. , Bowen Nathan J. , Handy Jeffrey A. , Powell Joann B.
Published: September 2024

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a nuclear transcription factor, xenobiotic sensor, and has a role in regulating diet-induced obesity. We report constitutive overexpression and activity of AhR promotes progression to androgen independence, proliferation, and mediates drug resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in vitro models. RNAseq analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGS) which may further implicate the role of AhR in prostate cancer progression. Recent evidence demonstrates significant changes in the expression profile of these genes in response to treatment with chemotherapeutics, specifically bromocriptine (Wu et al 2023). We also confirmed AhR inhibits drug-induced apoptosis in C4-2 cells. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing AhR-mediated cancer progression and drug resistance should expand treatment options and improve patient outcomes.

Citation Format: Kofi K. Khamit-Kush, Nathan J. Bowen, Jeffrey A. Handy, Joann B. Powell. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity promotes cancer progression and drug resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C049.
Abstract C061: Disparities in second breast cancers among women with ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Janitz Amanda , Hannafon Bethany , Williams Mary L , Wellberg Elizabeth , Xu Chao , Dooley William
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States and Oklahoma. Outcomes from DCIS are generally favorable, however, up to 50% of patients will develop an SBC after DCIS, with approximately 30% diagnosed as invasive SBC. Our research objective was to use a combination of data sources (registry, demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic data) to explore the presence of disparities and treatment outcomes, among women of different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups in Oklahoma. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the overall incidence of DCIS, invasive breast cancer (IBC), and the development of SBCs in women residing in Oklahoma at the time of diagnosis. We obtained data from the Oklahoma Central Cancer Registry (OCCR) and included women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1997-2021 in our analyses. We restricted analyses to women with DCIS as their first primary cancer. SBC was defined as a second primary cancer diagnosed at least six months after the first DCIS diagnosis. We evaluated demographic and cancer-related characteristics of women diagnosed with DCIS as their first cancer by development of a SBC. Results: In initial analyses, we identified 7,903 women with DCIS as their initial cancer diagnosis. Of the women with DCIS, 80% were over 50 years of age at diagnosis and the majority were non-Hispanic (NH) White (85%). For cancer-related characteristics, 33% of tumors were well or moderately differentiated (44% unknown) and 51% of tumors originated in the left breast. Of these women, 513 were subsequently diagnosed with a SBC, which included both in situ (26%) and invasive breast cancers (74%). Among women with a SBC, a higher percentage of women were <50 years of age at the initial DCIS diagnosis (27% vs. 19%) and NH Black (9.4% vs. 6.7%) compared to those without a SBC. Discussion: As a next step, we will further evaluate the risk of SBC among women in the OCCR and National Cancer Data Base to evaluate disparities at the national level. We are planning to evaluate the risk of an SBC after diagnosis of a DCIS by demographic and cancer-related characteristics using multivariable models. We will also evaluate survival among women with DCIS who develop a subsequent SBC.

Citation Format: Amanda Janitz, Bethany Hannafon, Mary L Williams, Elizabeth Wellberg, Chao Xu, William Dooley. Disparities in second breast cancers among women with ductal carcinoma in situ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C061.
Abstract C077: A statewide investigation of lung cancer survival and exposure to radon
Authors: Al Ksir Kawther
Published: September 2024

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States (U.S.), with one in four deaths attributed to it according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Lung cancer is the third most common cancer overall and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths across all races, ethnicities, and genders. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) identifies radon as the second leading cause of lung cancer and the primary cause among non-smokers. Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas from the decay of radium, is colorless, odorless, tasteless, chemically inert, and poses a significant health risk. Health disparities in lung cancer survival are pronounced among underserved communities, including racial and ethnic minorities and individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. These disparities are influenced by factors such as reduced access to healthcare, differences in environmental exposures, and variations in the prevalence of risk factors like smoking. Tennessee ranks 45th among the 50 states with an average indoor radon level of 3.9 pCi/L. This study aims to evaluate lung cancer survival, focusing on factors such as age, sex, residential radon exposure, diagnostic stage, and smoking status, with a particular emphasis on underserved populations. Methods: Data on lung cancer cases by county will be sourced from the Tennessee Cancer Registry (TCR), a comprehensive data system that collects detailed information on cancer diagnoses and treatments among Tennessee residents. Indoor radon levels will be categorized as low (≤2 pCi/L), moderate (2-4 pCi/L), and high (>4 pCi/L). Smoking prevalence data by county will be obtained from the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps. This study will analyze lung cancer survival rates in relation to these variables, paying special attention to disparities among underserved communities. Conclusion: This study will provide insights into how residential radon exposure and smoking influence lung cancer survival disparities in Tennessee. By examining these factors alongside demographic variables and diagnostic stages, particularly in underserved communities, the findings may inform targeted public health interventions and policies aimed at reducing lung cancer disparities in the state.

Citation Format: Kawther Al Ksir. A statewide investigation of lung cancer survival and exposure to radon [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C077.
Abstract C079: Investigating the interplay among allostatic load, social determinants of health, and treatment outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Miranda-Galvis Marisol , Sharara Muhannad , Tjioe Kellen C. , Maloney McKenzie Maloney , Kota Vamsi , Jillella Anand , Bryan Locke , Keruakous Amany R. , Cortes Jorge E.
Published: September 2024

This abstract is being presented as a short talk in the scientific program. A full abstract is printed in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR011) of the Conference Program/Proceedings.

Citation Format: Marisol Miranda-Galvis, Muhannad Sharara, Kellen C. Tjioe, McKenzie Maloney Maloney, Vamsi Kota, Anand Jillella, Locke Bryan, Amany R. Keruakous, Jorge E. Cortes. Investigating the interplay among allostatic load, social determinants of health, and treatment outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C079.
Abstract C086: Somatic mutation variations in minority populations at the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Doan Isabella , Coy Jonathan , Tawfik Bernard
Published: September 2024

The global burden of cancer underscores the urgency to understand its genetic underpinnings. Genetic testing has revolutionized clinical practice, identifying driver mutations crucial for tumorigenesis, including TP53, PIK3CA, KRAS, PTEN, and ARID1A. However, minority populations are underrepresented in major genomic projects, hindering tailored therapies. Variations in genetic polymorphisms among ethnicities, exemplified by distinct patterns in mutations like BRCA and EGFR, underscore the imperative for diversity in genomic research. We conducted a retrospective study at the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, analyzing 5,045 patients' genetic testing data. Significant differences in somatic gene mutation frequencies and survival outcomes were observed across racial and ethnic groups, highlighting the importance of personalized approaches in cancer care. Specific gene mutations, such as IDH1, JAK2, KITX11, and TP53, were associated with distinct survival outcomes. Integrating genetic testing into routine practice could enhance patient stratification and treatment efficacy. Future research should explore underlying mechanisms and include larger, diverse populations to advance personalized medicine in oncology.

Citation Format: Isabella Doan, Jonathan Coy, Bernard Tawfik. Somatic mutation variations in minority populations at the University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C086.
Abstract C102: Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York
Authors: Robine Nicolas , Winterkorn Lara , Chu Tim , Goldstein Zoe , Hooper Will , Oku Ali , Geiger Heather M. , Davis Melissa B. , Balogun Onyinye
Published: September 2024

Prompted by the considerable biases toward European ancestry cases in large cancer genomics repositories, the New York Genome Center initiated an effort to diversify the public datasets that are forming the foundations of current cancer research, in order to optimize the unbiased applications of modern genomically-driven discoveries to a larger population. Our effort was focused on 8 cancer types (breast, prostate, bladder, lung, pancreatic, colon and endometrial cancer, as well as multiple myeloma) and generated Illumina tumor-normal whole-genome sequencing and tumor transcriptome sequencing. The majority of the samples were retrospectively obtained in clinics and hospitals of the New York region and the analyses are conducted with collaborators in these institutions. Our dataset is currently composed of 851 tumor-normal WGS and 471 RNASeq, and is progressively being distributed to the scientific community in partnership with ICGC-ARGO. Overall, 75% of the cohort is predominantly of non-European ancestry, as estimated by genetic ancestry analysis using the 1000Genomes continental references.We analyzed the samples with NYGC’s somatic variant calling pipeline and will present results from the 8 cancer types related to germline and somatic variants (single-nucleotide variants, indels, copy-number alterations, complex structural variants) as well as mutational signatures, neoantigen prediction, fusion genes and expression profiles, in relation to genetic ancestry estimation and clinical features of the patients. We anticipate that the dataset will significantly diversify the genetic ancestry of tumor profiles in public databases, and serve to form hypotheses regarding the contribution of ancestry on cancer disparities. The experience of the Polyethnic-1000 project informs our contribution to the Cancer Grand Challenge SAMBAI, which focuses on breast, prostate and pancreatic cancers in the African Diaspora. SAMBAI will further investigate the causes of cancer disparity by combining genomic data with social determinants of health and exposomics information, deeper immune profiling and new genomics technologies such as long reads sequencing and the use of a pangenome reference.

Citation Format: Nicolas Robine, Lara Winterkorn, Tim Chu, Zoe Goldstein, Will Hooper, Ali Oku, Heather M. Geiger, Melissa B. Davis, Onyinye Balogun. Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C102.
Abstract C115: Chromatin acetylation at H3K9ac, inflammatory signaling, and evidence for immune cell senescence in Los Angeles women with insulin-resistance
Authors: Vidal Christina M. , Alva-Ornelas Jackelyn A. , Senapati Parijat , Tomsic Jerneja , Seewaldt Victoria L.
Published: September 2024

Insulin-resistance (IR) is a known risk factor for diabetes and has been shown to lead to epigenetic dysregulation, such as inappropriate chromatin opening, and inflammation. In Los Angeles one-third of Young Women of Color are insulin-resistant, making them at risk for Type- 2 Diabetes, and triple negative breast cancer. In our current study we tested 28 women living in Los Angeles for insulin-resistance, chromatin acetylation, and tissue inflammation. Our ChIP- seq studies provide evidence that in IR women, there is increased acetylation of H3K9ac at the promoters of IL6, TNFα, and NFkB/IRF1 (regulator in INF-beta signaling). Cytokine arrays corroborate these findings and show increased production of INFβ, IL6, and TNFα. Interestingly IL6 and TNFα are known cytokines excreted by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Additionally, NFkB is a mediator of SASP induction, which prompted us to investigate senescence in these women. We found that in IR women there is an increase in senescent naïve CD4 T cells and CD4 T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells. Given the important role that inflammation and senescence has on cancer initiation and progression, our findings provide a potential link between insulin-resistance, inflammation/senescence, and cancer.

Citation Format: Christina M. Vidal, Jackelyn A. Alva-Ornelas, Parijat Senapati, Jerneja Tomsic, Victoria L. Seewaldt. Chromatin acetylation at H3K9ac, inflammatory signaling, and evidence for immune cell senescence in Los Angeles women with insulin-resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C115.
Abstract C116: Prevalence and Implication of Aflatoxin B1 expression in colon cancers diagnosed in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Delu-mozie Chiagoziem Moral
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Mounting evidence shows that there is a high prevalence of late-stage, aggressive, and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon (AdCC) in Africa, with high mortality and low survival rate among patients. Literature finger food contaminants such as mycotoxin, especially Aflatoxin, as an attributable factor to the high incidence of abdominal cancers. However, there is a paucity of studies to confirm the hypothesis. Hence, this study determined the prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 in AdCC in Southern Nigeria.

Citation Format: Chiagoziem Moral Delu-mozie. Prevalence and Implication of Aflatoxin B1 expression in colon cancers diagnosed in Southern Nigeria [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C116.
Abstract C136: Impact of the Affordable Care Act on receipt of guideline-concordant care for colon cancer
Authors: Kudaravalli Sriya , Ober Nicole , Sun Zhaojun , Bhattacharya Manisha , Jacobs Bruce , Sabik Lindsay
Published: September 2024

This abstract is being presented as a short talk in the scientific program. A full abstract is printed in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR007) of the Conference Program/Proceedings.

Citation Format: Sriya Kudaravalli, Nicole Ober, Zhaojun Sun, Manisha Bhattacharya, Bruce Jacobs, Lindsay Sabik. Impact of the Affordable Care Act on receipt of guideline-concordant care for colon cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C136.
Abstract C152: Improving Access to Genetic Services for Women with Breast Cancer from Underserved Communities in California: Design and Implementation of a Community- Engaged Program
Authors: Gallo Iñigo Verduzco , Villa Nanci Chavarria , Rolon Angelica , Carvajal Guadalupe , Estrada-Florez Ana P. , Carvajal-Carmona Luis G
Published: September 2024

This study aims to understand the barriers to genetic services uptake at the patient, provider, and healthcare system levels, and to develop a multi-level intervention to increase access and suitability to genetic services for women from minority and medically underserved populations in California who have been recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Germline-informed cancer screening has been found to improve breast cancer survival and help identify close relatives who may have an inherited mutation that increases their susceptibility to cancer. However, only 26% of women diagnosed with breast cancer reported having germline genetic testing; marginalized populations are less likely to receive these services (Kurian et al., 2023). Using Levesque’s Conceptual Framework (Lévesque et al., 2013) and Implementation Mapping (Fernández et al., 2019), we are iteratively developing a multi-level program to explore the role that Community Health Workers (CHWs)/Promotoras can play in reducing access disparities to genetic services. Eleven CHWs/Promotoras have completed 80 hours of CHW training, 7 hours of mental health, insurance and group facilitation training, and 14 hours of cancer health training. CHWs/Promotoras have established local community breast cancer groups in their local communities across California’s Central Valley and are participating in and organizing breast cancer health fairs in their communities in partnership with Community Based Organizations (CBOs). Identifying and addressing the barriers to genetic services is critical to reducing access disparities to genetic services for underserved populations. CHWs/Promotoras are a promising resource to help reduce existing disparities in genetic services for women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Citation Format: Iñigo Verduzco Gallo, Nanci Chavarria Villa, Angelica Rolon, Guadalupe Carvajal, Ana P. Estrada-Florez, Luis G Carvajal-Carmona. Improving Access to Genetic Services for Women with Breast Cancer from Underserved Communities in California: Design and Implementation of a Community- Engaged Program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C152.
Abstract C173: Influence of Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors on Lung Cancer Incidence Among African American and European American
Authors: Eswaran Murugesh , Briana A Brock Briana A , Mir Hina Abdulrehman , Flenaugh Eric L. , Gabriela Oprea M. , Rivers Brian , Singh Rajesh , Singh Shailesh
Published: September 2024

The persistent gap in cancer incidence and outcomes between African American (AA) and European American (EA) populations remains a significant public health challenge. Understanding these discrepancies is pivotal for crafting targeted interventions to mitigate health disparities. To comprehensively assess these inequalities, this study delves into the association between smoking and lung cancer incidence within a diverse cohort of 5270 participants, comprising both AA (868 participants) and EA (3137 participants) individuals. Among the 2901 lung cancer patients identified in our analysis, diagnoses ranged from Malignant Tumors of the Lung to various subtypes of Non-Small Cell and Small Cell Lung Cancer. Surprisingly, only a significant subset of these patients were smokers, with statistical analysis indicating a p<0.001, pointing to other influential demographic factors. Employing the Chi-Square Test of Independence, Logistic Regression, and Multivariate Analysis, we evaluated the impact of smoking alongside additional variables on lung cancer incidence. Factors such as Age, Gender, Socioeconomic Status, Occupational Exposures, Geographic Location, Family History of Cancer, Comorbidities, and Lifestyle Factors were considered in the multivariate analyses to ascertain their contribution to lung cancer risks. Our findings from Relative Risk (RR) and Attributable Risk (AR) assessments suggest that while smoking constitutes a notable risk factor, a substantial proportion of lung cancer cases in this cohort were not linked to smoking. Stratified and Sensitivity Analyses further unveiled nuanced risk profiles within subgroups, elucidating the intricate interplay between lifestyle factors and genetic predispositions. Our study highlights that a significant portion of lung cancer cases, particularly among EA and AA populations, occur in non-smokers, with smoking often associated with other comorbidities rather than solely lung- specific diseases. This underscores the multifaceted nature of lung cancer risk factors across different racial groups, advocating for public health strategies that address a broader spectrum of influences beyond smoking to combat cancer disparities within these communities effectively.

Citation Format: Murugesh Eswaran, Briana A Briana A Brock, Hina Abdulrehman Mir, Eric L. Flenaugh, Oprea M. Gabriela, Brian Rivers, Rajesh Singh, Shailesh Singh. Influence of Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors on Lung Cancer Incidence Among African American and European American [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C173.
Abstract C180: Not all PIRADS 3s are equal; fusion biopsy outcomes by PIRADS score and ethnicity in a diverse population
Authors: Hanelin David G. , Baca Andrewe , Dave Priya , Patel Rutul , Agalliu Ilir , Sankin Alexander , Aboumohamed Ahmed , Watts Kara
Published: September 2024

Introduction and Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly utilized in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Although PIRADS 3 lesions have been associated with a lower likelihood of detecting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) at the time of targeted fusion biopsy (FB), existing data on multiethnic populations are sparse. We assessed the pathologic concordance of PIRADS 3 vs 4 or 5 lesions in detection of PCa and csPCa in comparison to PSA density in a diverse population. Methods: A retrospective study of all patients who underwent image-guided FB for PIRADS 3-5 lesions from 2016-2022 was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic data were extracted from electronic medical records. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to examine the association of race/ethnicity and PSA density with risks of overall PCa and csPCa. A stratified analysis by PIRADS score (3 vs 4 or 5) was also carried out to explore the associations between detection rates of PCa and race/ethnicity. Results: A total of 565 men with 997 lesions were analyzed, with average age 63.2 years (SD: 7.5) at the time of biopsy. Of the men, 279 (49.4%) were Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), 112 (19.8%) were Non-Hispanic White, and 174 (30.8%) were Hispanic. 520 (52.16%), 310 (31.09%), and 167 (16.75%) individual MRI lesions were PIRADS 3, 4, and 5, respectively with distributions of PIRADS scores being similar across all race/ethnicities. The overall rates of PCa detection were 44.8% in NHB, 37.6% in Hispanics, and 33.0% in NHW. Compared to NHW, NHB has 2.52 higher odds of detecting overall PCa (95% CI 1.10-5.78; p = 0.03), whereas Hispanic men had an OR = 1.18 (p = 0.72). Interestingly, the increase in PCa detection among NHB was only observed for PIRADs 3 lesions (OR = 4.84 95% CI 1.11-21.2, p = 0.04). NHB men also had 2.1-fold higher odds of detecting csPCa (95% CI 0.92-4.77; p = 0.08) in comparison to NHW with a similar trend mimicking association with PRIADS scores, although results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: We report that NHB men have higher odds of detection rates of overall PCa in FB in comparison to NHW and Hispanic men, albeit only at PIRADS 3 scores. These findings may serve to improve risk stratification and assist with shared decision making when discussing triggers for biopsy. Source of funding: None

Citation Format: David G. Hanelin, Andrewe Baca, Priya Dave, Rutul Patel, Ilir Agalliu, Alexander Sankin, Ahmed Aboumohamed, Kara Watts. Not all PIRADS 3s are equal; fusion biopsy outcomes by PIRADS score and ethnicity in a diverse population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C180.