bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Hamiltonian of magnetic moments in proximity with an s-wave superconductor
Authors: Shen S W , Zhang W , Shao L B
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we consider two magnetic moments in proximity with an s-wave superconductor, where each magnetic moment has an internal energy level. The effective Hamiltonian of the two magnetic moments is derived in this paper by the method of path integral in the weak coupling limit. Interestingly, there are four new terms by the proximity effect, including the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction, the hopping term, the cross and on-site superconducting pairing potentials. Additionally, since the parity of electrons is conserved, the Hilbert space is split into two subspaces of even and odd parities, respectively. We also investigate the consequences of the effective Hamiltonian in the Coulomb blockade regime by varying the distance between the two magnetic moments. We found that a quantum phase transition happens whenever there is a level crossing for the ground states. The degeneracy of the ground states is also changed after the quantum phase transition, and the electron occupations for the magnetic moments with both singlet and triplet states are discontinuous at the level crossing, since the electronic states are always entangled with the spin states of the two magnetic moments.
Polarization current effect, strain effect and ferroelectric field effect on electrical transport properties of Eu0.7Sr0.3MnO3/PMN-PT multiferroic heterostructure
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Zheng Ming , Wang Yi , Guo Xin , Chen Lu , Ni Hao
Published: August 2023

By constructing Eu0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films/0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (001) multiferroic heterostructures, the electrical transport properties of the Eu0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin film under electro-photo dual control is studied. At room temperature, as the in-plane reading current increases from 1 μA to 100 μA, the polarization current effect gradually weakens, while the strain effect becomes more evident. As the temperature decreases from 300 K to 240 K, the ferroelectric field effect is observed to strengthen progressively. In addition, by applying light illumination, the ferroelectric field effect observed at 240 K can be suppressed, which proves that the light field can obviously control the tunable mechanism of electric field. Our results demonstrate that the temperature and light field play an important role in the switching between the electric field induced multiple tunable effects, such as polarization current effect, lattice strain effect and ferroelectric field effect. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of the Eu0.7Sr0.3MnO3 film to lattice strain enhances its application in tunable electronics.
Automated characterization of spatial and dynamical heterogeneity in supercooled liquids via implementation of machine learning
Authors: Nguyen Viet , Song Xueyu
Published: August 2023

A computational approach by an implementation of the principle component analysis (PCA) with K-means and Gaussian mixture (GM) clustering methods from machine learning algorithms to identify structural and dynamical heterogeneities of supercooled liquids is developed. In this method, a collection of the average weighted coordination numbers (

W
C
N
s

‾

) of particles calculated from particles’ positions are used as an order parameter to build a low-dimensional representation of feature (structural) space for K-means clustering to sort the particles in the system into few meso-states using PCA. Nano-domains or aggregated clusters are also formed in configurational (real) space from a direct mapping using associated meso-states’ particle identities with some misclassified interfacial particles. These classification uncertainties can be improved by a co-learning strategy which utilizes the probabilistic GM clustering and the information transfer between the structural space and configurational space iteratively until convergence. A final classification of meso-states in structural space and domains in configurational space are stable over long times and measured to have dynamical heterogeneities. Armed with such a classification protocol, various studies over the thermodynamic and dynamical properties of these domains indicate that the observed heterogeneity is the result of liquid–liquid phase separation after quenching to a supercooled state.
Magnetoplasmons in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Do Thi-Nga , Shih Po-Hsin , Gumbs Godfrey
Published: August 2023

The magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBLG) has been demonstrated to exhibit exotic physical properties due to the special flat bands. However, exploiting the engineering of such properties by external fields is still in it infancy. Here we show that MATBLG under an external magnetic field presents a distinctive magnetoplasmon dispersion, which can be significantly modified by transferred momentum and charge doping. Along a wide range of transferred momentum, there exist special pronounced single magnetoplasmon and horizontal single-particle excitation modes near charge neutrality. We provide an insightful discussion of such unique features based on the electronic excitation of Landau levels quantized from the flat bands and Landau damping. Additionally, charge doping leads to peculiar multiple strong-weight magnetoplasmons. These characteristics make MATBLG a favorable candidate for plasmonic devices and technology applications.
Investigations on thermal contact resistance between filled polymer composites and solids using micro thermography
Authors: Roser Oliver , Griesinger Andreas , Marti Othmar
Published: August 2023

This article reports the use of a new measurement technique based on micro thermography for determining the thermal contact resistances (TCRs) between filled polymers and solids. The thermal conductivity of polymers can be significantly increased by using thermally conductive fillers. For numerous applications, not only is a high intrinsic thermal conductivity required but also a good thermal transfer between the filled polymer and an adjacent solid surface. The physical principles of thermal transport when considering this type of contact have not yet been investigated in detail, and only a few experimental results are available. The most common measurement techniques determine a macroscopic resistance and project it onto the contacting surface. However, the heterogeneous microstructure of a filled polymer causes the TCR to be a volumetric phenomenon in the overall boundary region. The utilized IR camera system takes thermal images with a spatial resolution of less than

15
μ

m

per pixel. The new method resolves the TCRs spatially and gives new insights into the microscale effects on the particle level. In addition to the common zero-gap extrapolation for the extraction of TCRs, we propose another evaluation method that considers all microscale effects of the boundary layers and evaluates TCR as a volumetric phenomenon. For the first systematic study, samples consisting of two aluminum substrates and a filled epoxy polymer were prepared and investigated. We studied the effects of filler size, filler material, filler volume fraction, and surface structure, focusing on monomodally filled polymers with filler amounts between

30

and

60

v

%

. The obtained results and the uncertainties of the new method are discussed within this paper.
IPEM topical report: guidance for the clinical implementation of online treatment monitoring solutions for IMRT/VMAT
Authors: Stevens Simon , Moloney Stephen , Blackmore Andrew , Hart Clare , Rixham Philip , Bangiri Anna , Pooler Alistair , Doolan Paul
Published: August 2023

This report provides guidance for the implementation of online treatment monitoring (OTM) solutions in radiotherapy (RT), with a focus on modulated treatments. Support is provided covering the implementation process, from identification of an OTM solution to local implementation strategy. Guidance has been developed by a RT special interest group (RTSIG) working party (WP) on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM). Recommendations within the report are derived from the experience of the WP members (in consultation with manufacturers, vendors and user groups), existing guidance or legislation and a UK survey conducted in 2020 (Stevens et al
2021). OTM is an inclusive term representing any system capable of providing a direct or inferred measurement of the delivered dose to a RT patient. Information on each type of OTM is provided but, commensurate with UK demand, guidance is largely influenced by in vivo dosimetry methods utilising the electronic portal imager device (EPID). Sections are included on the choice of OTM solutions, acceptance and commissioning methods with recommendations on routine quality control, analytical methods and tolerance setting, clinical introduction and staffing/resource requirements. The guidance aims to give a practical solution to sensitivity and specificity testing. Functionality is provided for the user to introduce known errors into treatment plans for local testing. Receiver operating characteristic analysis is discussed as a tool to performance assess OTM systems. OTM solutions can help verify the correct delivery of radiotherapy treatment. Furthermore, modern systems are increasingly capable of providing clinical decision-making information which can impact the course of a patient’s treatment. However, technical limitations persist. It is not within the scope of this guidance to critique each available solution, but the user is encouraged to carefully consider workflow and engage with manufacturers in resolving compatibility issues.
Cerebral blood velocity during concurrent supine cycling, lower body negative pressure, and head-up tilt challenges: implications for concussion rehabilitation
Authors: Burma Joel S , Seok Jina , Johnston Nathan E. , Smirl Jonathan D
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The effect of concurrent head-up tilt and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) have been examined on middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) at rest; however, it is unknown the superimposed effect these factors have on blunting the elevation in cerebral blood velocity associated with moderate-intensity exercise. Methods. 23 healthy adults (11 females / 12 males, 20–33 years) completed three visits. The first consisted of a maximal ramp supine cycling test to identify the wattage associated with individualized maximal MCAv. Subsequent visits included randomized no LBNP (control) or LBNP at −40 Torr (experimental) with successively increasing head-up tilt stages of 0, 15, 30, and 45 degrees during the pre-described individualized wattage. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was utilized to quantify MCAv. Two-factorial repeated measures analysis of variance with effect sizes were used to determine differences between days and tilt stages. Results. Between-day baseline values for MCAv, heart rate, and blood pressure displayed low variability with <5% variation. With no LBNP, MCAv was above baseline on average for all participants; however, 15 degrees and 30 degrees tilt with concurrent −40 Torr LBNP was sufficient to return MCAv to 100% of baseline values in females and males, respectively. Body-weight did not impact the association between tilt and pressure (R
2 range: 0.01–0.12). Conclusion. Combined LBNP and tilt were sufficient to reduce the increase in MCAv associated with moderate-intensity exercise. This exercise modality shows utility to enable individuals with a concussion to obtain the positive physiological adaptions associated with exercise while minimizing symptom exacerbation due to the notion of the Monro-Kellie doctrine.
The electrical asymmetry effect in electronegative CF4 capacitive RF plasmas operated in the striation mode
Authors: Wang Xiao-Kun , Masheyeva Ranna , Liu Yong-Xin , Hartmann Peter , Schulze Julian , Donkó Zoltán
Published: August 2023

The Electrical Asymmetry Effect (EAE) provides control of the mean ion energy at the electrodes of multi-frequency capacitively coupled radio frequency plasmas (CCP) by tuning the DC self-bias via adjusting the relative phase(s) between the consecutive driving harmonics. Depending on the electron power absorption mode, this phase control affects the ion flux in different ways. While it provides separate control of the mean ion energy and flux in the α-mode, limitations were found in the γ- and Drift-Ambipolar modes. In this work, based on experiments as well as kinetic simulations, the EAE is investigated in the striation-mode, which is present in electronegative CCPs driven by low frequencies. The discharge is operated in CF4 and is driven by two consecutive harmonics (4/8 MHz). The simulation results are validated against measurements of the DC self-bias and the spatio-temporally resolved dynamics of energetic electrons. To include heavy particle induced secondary electron emission realistically, a new computationally assisted diagnostic is developed to determine the corresponding secondary electron emission coefficient from a comparison of the DC self-bias obtained experimentally and from the simulations. Based on the validated simulation results, the EAE is found to provide separate control of the mean ion energy and flux in the striation mode, while the axial charged particle density profiles and the number of striations change as a function of the relative phase. This is understood based on an analysis of the ionization dynamics.
Prediction of nodal-line fermion and phonon-mediated superconductivity in bilayer α-borophene
Authors: Ge Yanfeng , Wang Zhicui , Han Yifan , Shang Yue , Wan Wenhui , Liu Yong
Published: August 2023

The electron deficiency of boron allows the formation of a variety of monolayer or few-layer two-dimensional structures (borophenes) with interesting physical properties. Recent experiments have also confirmed that interlayer covalent bonding makes the bilayer structure more stable than the monolayer. In this work based on α-borophene, we propose three free-stranding bilayer structures with dynamic stability. In these three metallic structures, the electronic band crossings around Fermi level form nodal lines. All these structures also exhibit strong electron-phonon couplings. The Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superconducting critical temperature T
c of the type-II structure went as high as 28.2 K, which was further improved to 32.0 K by the enhancement effect of Li adatom at the Debye frequency. However, no increase in critical temperature was observed in other Li-doping cases. Specifically, Li intercalation inside the bilayer causes a significant abrupt decrease in the critical temperature of type-I structure. Our results indicated that the bilayer borophene would be an ideal platform for the coexistence of topological electronic states and superconducting states.
Comment on ‘Gruneisen approach for universal scaling of the Brillouin shift in gases’
Authors: van de Water Willem
Published: August 2023

I comment on the recent article Grüneisen approach for universal scaling of the Brillouin shift in gases by Liang et al (2022 New J. Phys.
24 103005). While the result of this article indeed provides a parametrization of measured Rayleigh Brillouin scattering spectra, I argue that the association with the Grüneisen effect is fortuitous. The Grüneisen effect is the change of the specific heat with compression of a gas. For the nontrivial case of the van der Waals gas, it predicts the decrease of the velocity of sound with increasing pressure. In solids, which is the context considered in the article by Liang et al, the effect is opposite: an increase of the velocity of sound with pressure.
Controlled transport in chiral quantum walks on graphs
Authors: Yu Yi-Cong , Cai Xiaoming
Published: August 2023

We investigate novel transport properties of chiral continuous-time quantum walks (CTQWs) on graphs. By employing a gauge transformation, we demonstrate that CTQWs on chiral chains are equivalent to those on non-chiral chains, but with additional momenta from initial wave packets. This explains the novel transport phenomenon numerically studied in (Khalique et al 2021 New J. Phys.
23 083005). Building on this, we delve deeper into the analysis of chiral CTQWs on the Y-junction graph, introducing phases to account for the chirality. The phase plays a key role in controlling both asymmetric transport and directed complete transport among the chains in the Y-junction graph. We systematically analyze these features through a comprehensive examination of the chiral CTQW on a Y-junction graph. Our analysis shows that the CTQW on Y-junction graph can be modeled as a combination of three wave functions, each of which evolves independently on three effective open chains. By constructing a lattice scattering theory, we calculate the phase shift of a wave packet after it interacts with the potential-shifted boundary. Our results demonstrate that the interplay of these phase shifts leads to the observed enhancement and suppression of quantum transport. The explicit condition for directed complete transport or

100
%

efficiency is analytically derived. Our theory has applications in building quantum versions of binary tree search algorithms.
Phase-dependent charge and heat current in thermally biased short Josephson junctions formed at helical edge states
Authors: Dutta Paramita
Published: August 2023

We explore the phase-dependent charge and heat current in short Josephson junctions (JJs) with two normal metal regions attached at opposite ends, formed at helical edge states of two-dimensional topological insulators. For all finite phases, an asymmetry appears around the zero energy in the transmission spectra except for

ϕ
=
n

ϕ
0

, where n is a half-integer and φ
0 (

=
2
π

) is the flux quantum. The phase-induced asymmetry plays a key role in inducing charge and heat current through the thermally biased junction. However, the current amplitudes are sensitive to the size of the junction. We show that in the short JJ when subject to a temperature gradient, the charge current shows an odd symmetry in phase. It indicates that the phase-tunable asymmetry around the zero energy is not sufficient to induce a dissipative thermoelectric current in the junction. This is in contrast to the behavior of long JJ, as shown in the literature. The phase-tunable heat currents are obtained with amplitudes set by the phase difference, base temperature, and system size.
Scattering terahertz wave regulation of coded metasurface based on phase change material
Authors: Lin Hai , Han Junling , Li Chenxia
Published: August 2023

By using the combination of resonant plasma-coded metasurface and phase change material GST, a tunable cell structure was designed. Using these units, the encoded metasurface was constructed to achieve different beam regulation functions. The designed unit structure consists of coding particles displaying two characteristics respectively. Particle A can control the abnormal scattering angle in the amorphous state of GST. Particle B can realize the amplitude regulation in both crystalline and amorphous states of GST. By introducing Fourier convolution principle in digital signal processing, the multi-angle beam modulation of coded metasurface can be realized. The introduction of phase change material leads to a tunable function of designed coded metasurface. This method of beam directed scattering is expected to play a role in human physiotherapy of electromagnetic wave.
Space-time origin of gauge symmetry
Authors: Napsuciale Mauro
Published: August 2023

In this work, by a first principles calculation, we show that quantum states describing massive relativistic free spinning particles obey kinematical conditions whose origin can be traced to parity as a good quantum number. These conditions are at the root of the equations of motion and of the constraints satisfied by the corresponding fields. In the massless limit, well defined parity is lost but a symmetry emerges related to arbitrary changes in the unphysical parity components. It is shown that this emergent symmetry is the celebrated gauge symmetry.
Dynamic modulation of localized defect states in multichannel photonic crystal waveguides
Authors: Wang Pei-Lin , Zhao Li-Ming , Zhou Yun-Song
Published: August 2023

The localized defect states (LDS) can usually be obtained by introducing dielectric defects or dielectric disorder into photonic crystals. Here, we introduce a new method to dynamically generate LDS, which can be realized in multichannel photonic crystal waveguides by modulating the position, polarization and phase of multiple dipole sources. We propose a general theory to obtain the localization conditions. When multiple dipole sources satisfy the localization condition, LDS can be generated. Unlike the traditional LDS, the size and position of the LDS in our method can be adjusted by the control of the dipole sources. In addition, the conversion of LDS and waveguide mode can be realized easily by the modulation of the dipole sources.
Effects of two weak femtosecond pulse seeds on promoting rogue wave generation
Authors: Liu Shuo , Liu Ziqi
Published: August 2023

We numerically simulate the enhancement of rogue wave generation by adding two weak femtosecond pulse seeds at two fixed modulation frequencies. The results show that two weak pulse seeds have better promotion effect on rogue wave generation than one weak pulse seed. In addition, the modulation depth and pulse width of the weak pulse seeds also affect the generation of rogue wave. With the increase of the modulation depth and pulse width of the two weak pulse seeds, the control effect of rogue wave gradually becomes better.
Modelling and dynamic analysis of a MEMS ring resonator supported by circular curved shaped inner beams
Authors: Ranji Ahmad Rahbar , Guo Jingshuai , Alirezaee Shahpour , Ahamed Mohammed Jalal
Published: August 2023

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based ring shaped resonators usually have a ring supported by spoke shaped springs. In this paper, we developed a general analytical model that can determine the natural frequency of any MEMS ring resonator considering effective mass and stiffness of spokes in both radial and tangential displacements. Our model is also able to determine the stiffness of the circular curved beam with arbitrary central angle. The well-known energy based Castigliano’s method was used to calculate the stiffness of a circular curved beam considering both flexural and axial rigidities. The stiffness of a circular curved beam with different central angles was determined and compared with the literature and finite element method (FEM). The results show that for the case of a central angle of the curved beam larger than 60 degrees, the deviation between the FEM and analytical approach is less than 1%. The potential energy and kinetic energy of the outside ring and spokes were determined based on the displacement function. The natural frequency of a ring resonator with different number of circular curved beams in the form of petals in modes n = 2 and n = 3 were determined and the results were compared with a numerical approach using FEM. The deviations between the analytical approach and numerical method are less than 4%.
Tungsten dopant incorporation for bandgap and type engineering of perovskite crystals
Authors: Khan M I , Hussain Saddam , Siddique Subhani Waqas , Ammami Mongi , Shahid Wajeehah , Ali Rashid
Published: August 2023

Organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskites have shown to be viable semiconductor materials, as the absorber layer of solar cells. Unfortunately, the polycrystalline qualities of perovskite films result in nonuniform coverage or a high recombination rate, which weakens the photoelectric capabilities of thin films. Here, the pure and tungsten (W)-doped methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3or MAPbBr3) films are deposited to FTO-glass substrates using the sol–gel spin coating method. The W-doping causes the nucleation and crystallization processes, which then have an impact on the film’s characteristics. It is discovered that the introduction of tungsten metal significantly enhances the quality of the perovskite film, resulting in larger grain sizes, lower band gap energy, and shorter recombination lifetimes, increasing the power conversion efficiency of perovskite thin film solar cells.
Do Minor Interactions Trigger Star Formation in Galaxy Pairs?
Authors: Das Apashanka , Pandey Biswajit , Sarkar Suman
Published: August 2023

We analyze the galaxy pairs in a set of volume limited samples from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to study the effects of minor interactions on the star formation rate (SFR) and color of galaxies. We carefully design control samples of isolated galaxies by matching the stellar mass and redshift of the minor pairs. The SFR distributions and color distributions in the minor pairs differ from their controls at >99% significance level. We also simultaneously match the control galaxies in stellar mass, redshift and local density to assess the role of the environment. The null hypothesis can be rejected at >99% confidence level even after matching the environment. Our analysis shows a quenching in the minor pairs where the degree of quenching decreases with the increasing pair separation and plateaus beyond 50 kpc. We also prepare a sample of minor pairs with H
α
line information. We calculate the SFR of these galaxies using the H
α
line and repeat our analysis. We observe a quenching in the H
α
sample too. We find that the majority of the minor pairs are quiescent systems that could be quenched due to minor interactions. Combining data from the Galaxy Zoo and Galaxy Zoo 2, we find that only ∼1% galaxies have a dominant bulge, 4%–7% galaxies host a bar and 5%–10% of galaxies show active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in minor pairs. This indicates that the presence of bulge, bar or AGN activity plays an insignificant role in quenching the galaxies in minor pairs. The more massive companion satisfies the criteria for mass quenching in most of the minor pairs. We propose that the stripping and starvation likely caused the quenching in the less massive companion at a later stage of evolution.
Energy transformations accompanying a shock wave distortion and disappearance during the interaction with thermally stratified plasma
Authors: Azarova O.A. , Krasnobaev K.V. , Lapushkina T.A. , Kravchenko O.V.
Published: August 2023

The results of experiments and numerical simulations of the interaction of a plane shock wave with an area of ionization strata formed by a glow gas discharge are presented. For the experimentally obtained phenomena transformations of kinetic and internal energy have been studied numerically using Euler and Navier-Stokes approaches under the assumption that ionization unstable plasma has stratified gas temperature. Energy transfer between a region of layered energy deposition and heated gas zone behind the shock wave was considered. It has been established that a layered energy deposition can provide the distortion and destruction of a shock wave front and in addition, to create a lot of zones with higher internal and kinetic energy beyond it. These phenomena were shown to be connected with generation in many points of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability resulting from the interaction of thermal strata with a front of the shock wave.
Study of two Specific Frequency-selecting Procedures for All-fiber Single-frequency Lasers
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Li Li , Wang Qi , Luo Saiyu , Wang Weijiang , Xing Hao , Fang Ruina , Huang Yun , Wang You
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a detailed study of two specific frequency-selecting procedures for all-fiber single-frequency lasers is presented. The frequency-selection has been realized by using a multi-ring cavity (MRC) and double Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), respectively. Firstly, the frequency-selecting principles of two procedures have been simply summarized, and the influences of the sub-ring lengths in the MRC, the optical path difference between two arms of a MZI, and the length of the primary ring cavity on single-frequency lasers have been analysed in detail. Then, the 1064.3 nm single-frequency emission with the linewidth <10 kHz in the same Ytterbium-doped fiber laser scheme has been achieved by employing two different procedures. Finally, the pump power thresholds of the MRC-based and MZI-based single-frequency fiber lasers were measured as 60 and 70 mW, the slope efficiencies were measured as 6.5 and 5.3%, and the side-mode suppression ratios were measured as 45 and 48 dB, respectively. The results reveal that the MRC-based single frequency fiber lasers have the higher energy efficiency while the MZI-based ones have the better mode stability.
Influence of water film on subsurface defect detection using eddy current pulsed thermography
Authors: Miao L , Gao B , Li H R , Liu L , Yang G
Published: August 2023

Eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) is an effective non-destructive testing (NDT) technique for detecting flaws in metallic materials. However, due to the low radiation and high reflection properties of metallic materials, as well as the inhomogeneous emission caused by the complex states of the material surface, the detection of subsurface defects becomes difficult. In this paper, the physical mechanisms underlying the interference of the thin water film in ECPT detection are studied. Two static comparative experiments have been carried out on the ferromagnetic plate with several artificial subsurface defects. In the first comparative experiment, a high radiation point has been artificially added near the defects. The experimental results showed that water film could eliminate the influence of inhomogeneous emission. In the second experiments, the effectiveness of water film in improving the detectability of subsurface defects has been demonstrated and the subsurface defects with a maximum buried depth of 0.4 mm can be detected.
Multi-hop Information-based Graph Convolutional Network for Clustering
Authors: Feng Xiao , Xu Yongdong
Published: August 2023

Clustering is an essential and demanding undertaking in data analysis. The combination of traditional neural networks and graph convolutional networks (GCNs) has been extensively discussed in clustering tasks, in which the deep clustering methods learn useful content information and the graph convolutional networks mine the structured neighboring information in the graph data. However, the existing works equally consider the importance of different features to clustering and only focus on the nearest neighboring information in the structured features, ignoring the features of the long distant neighbors in the multi-hop information, resulting in inferior performance. We propose a novel multi-hop information-based graph convolutional network (MIGCN) for clustering to overcome these disadvantages. Specifically, we fuse content features and structured features with adaptive weights, which are dynamically adjusted according to the training results. Meanwhile, we utilize a multi-hop information module to extract structured features. Moreover, we design a multi-supervision mechanism and guide the training and updating of the whole model. Our method achieves better results than previous deep clustering approaches because it takes into account the diverse features embedded in the neural network and a dynamic fusion strategy for clustering. Our model has undergone rigorous testing on widely-accepted standard datasets, employing both objective and subjective evaluation measures. The results consistently demonstrate that our model consistently outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, validating its superior performance.
Order Acceptance and Scheduling Model Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Fu Ying , Luo Li , Zhao Ruhong
Published: August 2023

As the manufacturing industry’s industrial structure continues to evolve, many enterprises have shifted from traditional make-to-store modes (MTS) to make-to-order modes (MTO). This paper focuses on MTO manufacturing enterprises’ order acceptance and scheduling problem, namely, how to exclude low-margin orders under capacity constraints and schedule them. We establish a hypothetical model with the goal of maximizing corporate profits, taking into account production capacity constraints and delivery time constraints. To solve the model, we propose a heuristic solution method based on genetic algorithms. The feasibility of the method is verified through randomly generated examples. The research results demonstrate that our proposed solution method can quickly solve large-scale order decision-making problems and has practical significance as a guiding tool.
Enhance Prototypical Network with Hybrid Loss for Few-Shot Text Classification
Authors: Yuan Zhengwu , Chen Ze , Zhou Yatao , Tang Peixian
Published: August 2023

Text classification is the most basic task of natural language processing. The continuous improvement of deep learning has driven the ongoing success of the natural language process. However, the current deep-learning text classification tasks rely heavily on a vast number of annotated data. Therefore, the value of few-shot learning is reflected. In the classification task of few-shot text classification, each category provides only a few samples. Due to the diversity of text and the similarity among samples in different categories, the predictions are biased. We propose an enhanced prototype network with hybrid loss to address the existing issues in few-shot text classification. We designed instance-level attention and hybrid loss for the model to improve the prototypes’ feature representation capabilities. Experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper performs best under several sets of few-shot scenarios.
Convexity in probabilistic Normed space
Authors: Xu Xu-hua , Ge Qian
Published: August 2023

The local convexity of a PN space is discussed using the idea of probability metric, and the constraint condition of convexity preservation of probabilistic normed space is given. Based on the probability background, it is proved that the probability norm and its linear combination are convex functions. When α ≥ −1, the lower horizontal set is convex. When α ≥ − ½, the lower level set can form a probabilistic normed space.
Face Expression Recognition Combining Improved DeeplabV3+ and Migration Learning
Authors: Zhu Jun , Cao Yaqun
Published: August 2023

The main problem with current large-scale face expression recognition is uncertainty, which arises from ambiguous facial expressions, low-quality facial images, and the subjectivity of the annotator. To this end, an improved network model based on DeeplabV3+ is proposed in this paper. The model adopts the lightweight MobilenetV2 module as the backbone feature extraction network, which reduces the network model parameters and improves the semantic segmentation efficiency. The Convolutional Block Attention Mechanism module (CBAM) introduced in the encoder and decoder can improve the model feature extraction capability, realize the effective fusion of feature information of different layers, and improve the model segmentation accuracy. The training method of migration learning used to overcome the variability of sample distribution can enhance the generalization ability of the model, and adapt to the expression recognition tasks in different application scenarios. Finally, experimental validation was carried out on the RAF-DB and FER-2013 datasets. The results show that the facial expression recognition rate of the improved model in this paper reaches 88.90% and 75.61%, respectively, indicating the effectiveness of the method in facial expression recognition.
The SWITCH test for discriminating quantum evolutions
Authors: Chamorro-Posada P , Garcia-Escartin J C
Published: August 2023

We study different quantum circuits that can discriminate between two arbitrary quantum evolution operators. These circuits can be used to check whether two quantum operators are equal or not and to estimate a fidelity measure telling how close the operators are. This operator comparison is related to the SWAP test for discriminating two quantum states. In terms of their practical realization, we comment possible laboratory implementations with light along the same lines of recent experimental realizations of quantum superpositions of causal orders exploiting the different degrees of freedom of photons. We also discuss hardware efficient realizations for noisy intermediate scale quantum computers. Finally, we comment potential applications to the discrimination of quantum communication channels and to the search for simpler quantum circuits in quantum compilers.
Wave function collapse equation maintains conservation laws with no new constants
Authors: Gillis Edward J
Published: August 2023

Modified versions of the Schrödinger equation have been proposed in order to incorporate the description of measurement processes into the mathematical structure of quantum theory. Typically, these proposals introduce new physical constants, and imply small violations of momentum and energy conservation. These problematic features can be eliminated by assuming that wave function collapse is induced by the individual interactions that establish correlations between systems. The generation of a sufficient number of small, random shifts of amplitude between interacting and noninteracting branches of the wave function can bring about collapse on a scale consistent with our macroscopic experience. Two-particle interaction potential energies can be used as the basis for a collapse term added to the Schrödinger equation. The range of the interactions sets the distance scale of the collapse effects; the ratio of potential energies to the total relativistic energies of the particles determines the magnitude of the amplitude shifts, and the rate at which the interactions proceed fixes the timing parameters. Consistency with conservation laws in individual experiments is maintained because the collapse operator automatically takes into account the small, residual entanglement between the measured system and systems with which it has previously exchanged conserved quantities during interactions. Conservation is exact for momentum and orbital angular momentum, and it holds for energy within the accuracy allowed by the limited forms of energy describable in nonrelativistic theory.
Minimal model of diffusion with time changing Hurst exponent
Authors: Ślęzak Jakub , Metzler Ralf
Published: August 2023

We introduce the stochastic process of incremental multifractional Brownian motion (IMFBM), which locally behaves like fractional Brownian motion with a given local Hurst exponent and diffusivity. When these parameters change as function of time the process responds to the evolution gradually: only new increments are governed by the new parameters, while still retaining a power-law dependence on the past of the process. We obtain the mean squared displacement and correlations of IMFBM which are given by elementary formulas. We also provide a comparison with simulations and introduce estimation methods for IMFBM. This mathematically simple process is useful in the description of anomalous diffusion dynamics in changing environments, e.g. in viscoelastic systems, or when an actively moving particle changes its degree of persistence or its mobility.
Genetic Path Coefficient Analysis of Genotypes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grown in Iraqi Conditions
Authors: Al-Wardi Mustafa Eskander Zaid , Abbas Saddam Hussein , Musa Abdul-Kadhim Jawad
Published: August 2023

Rice is one of the main and pivotal grain crops that feed more than half of the world’s population, due to the increasing population, food shortage has become a real problem. Amid the study them to find out the direct and indirect effects of the studied traits on grain yield by path coefficient analysis. Twenty-two genotypes planted during the summer agricultural season of 2021 at the Rice Research Station in Al-Mishkhab, 20 km south of Najaf province. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replicates. The results of the mean squares of the genotypes were significant for all the studied traits at the 1% probability level. A positive significant correlation showed between the grain yield, the length of the deltoid, the number of branches in the panicles and the number of panicles grains (0.566, 0.513 and 0.503), respectively, while, it was not significant with the weight of 1000 grains (0.051). The genetic path analysis indicated to the direct effect of the length of panicles on the grain yield was high (0.413), while it was moderate with the number of branches in the panicle (0.206), and neglected with the number of grains per plant and the weight of 1000 grain (0.056, -0.040) respectively. Therefore, the traits of the length of panicles can be considered the best criteria for its adoption as a selection index for the yield of grains to give it the strongest positive correlation and the highest direct effect on the grain yield among the studied traits.
Effect of Weed Control Treatments and Row Spacing on the Yield and its Components of Faba Bean and Companion Weeds
Authors: Jihad Azhar J. , Mohammed Yas A.
Published: August 2023

To determine the impact of four weed control treatments (the weed-free treatment, the weedy treatment, Bentazon spray at the recommended rate of 2 liters ha−1, and the same herbicide at half the recommended rate of 1 Liter ha−1, as well as the weedy treatment and the weedy row spacing of 40, 50, and 60 cm) and three row spacing (40, 50, and 60 cm) on the development and harvest of br, a field experiment was conducted during the winter of 2020. The experiment used a Split Plot Design layout with three replicates and was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Row spacing in the sub-plots and weed control treatments in the main plots. As shown in the data, weed control treatments significantly reduced the dry weight of weeds compared to the weedy treatment. The dry weight of the weeds was reduced by 86.71% when Pentazone was sprayed at a rate of 2 liters ha−1, and this effect was visible in both the yield and its components. Maximum seed yield was achieved at 6.05 t ha−1 when rows were spaced 40 cm apart, 7.91 t ha−1 when they were spaced 50 cm apart, and 7.79 t ha−1 when herbicide was sprayed at a rate of 2 liters ha−1 at a distance of 40 cm apart; these three treatments did not differ significantly from each other, but did differ significantly from all other treatments. The lowest seed output was seen in the weedy condition at all three distances.
Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Fermented Poultry Waste on Pigments Balance and Lettuce Plant Growth
Authors: Shamsullah J. A. , Hamid B. A. , Hassan W. F.
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was carried out in the season 2021–2022 in the Dora/Baghdad area on lettuce plants and included the treatment of soil with two levels of poultry waste (0,12) tons ha−1, phosphorus added at three levels (0, 100, 120) kg P ha−1 and nitrogen at three levels (0, 120, 180) kg N ha−1. The results showed a significant increase in leaf area and chlorophyll when adding fermented poultry waste, and the treatment of fertilization with poultry waste was superior to 670 Dcm2 and 40.60 for both leaf area and chlorophyll, respectively, and a significant increase was found when fertilizing with poultry waste. In urea phosphate levels, significant differences were recorded, while no significant differences were recorded in chlorophyll, and the fertilization with ammonium sulfate levels recorded significant differences for the two indicators, and the interaction treatment p1A3U3 recorded the highest values, which were 793 Dcm2 and 45.16 for each leaf area and chlorophyll, respectively, and there was a significant increase in the biological yield and economic yield of lettuce. When adding fermented poultry waste, the treatment of fertilization with poultry waste was recorded as 3237 gm plant−1 and 1678 gm plant−1 for both biological yield and economic yield, respectively. significant increase when fertilizing with urea phosphate levels and with significant differences, and the addition of ammonium sulfate showed significant increases for the two indicators, and the interaction treatment p1A3U3 recorded the highest values, and it was 4250 gm plant−1 and 2200 gm plant−1 for both biological yield and economic yield, respectively, and there was a significant increase in the proportion of protein and beta-carotene When adding fermented poultry waste, the treatment of fertilizing with poultry waste was superior to 1.35 gm of 100 g−1 and 1.330gm 100ml−1 juice for both protein and beta-carotene ratios, respectively. A significant increase was also found when fertilizing with urea phosphate levels with significant differences, and the addition of ammonium sulfate, which resulted in significant increases for the two indicators. And the interaction p1A3U3 treatment recorded the highest values, which were 1.50 g for 100 gm−1 and 1.853 gm for 100 ml−1 juice for each of the protein and beta-carotene ratios, respectively.
The Effect of Planting Distances and Foliar Fertilization with Zinc on the Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Soybean Crop
Authors: Hussein Mamoun A. , Sarhan Ismail A.
Published: August 2023

To investigate the impact of planting distance and zinc foliar fertilization on soybean growth, a field experiment was conducted in the summer of 2022 at the Hamidiyah research station of the College of Agriculture at the University of Anbar. The experiment was set up in a Split Plot R.C.B.D with three replicates. Four concentrations of zinc (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg Zn l−1), allocated to the main plots, whereas the planting distances (7, 14, 21, and 28 cm) between plants were allocated to the sub-plots which gave plant densities of 190,000, 95555, 63333 and 47777 plants ha−1, respectively. The planting distances between plants significantly affected the vegetative growth characteristics, as the distance of 7 cm (high density) was outperformed in plant height (116.11 cm) and the height of the first pod from the soil surface (29.25 cm). While the distance of 28 cm (low density) recorded the highest average for number of branches (8.67 branch plant−1), leaf area (53.66 dm2 plant−1), chlorophyll content of leaves (5.29 mg g−1 fresh weight), and the dry weight of the plant (410 g plant−1). With regards to plant development, a 75 mg L−1 zinc solution was the most effective. Plant height (106.78 cm), number of branches (8.67 branch plant−1), leaf area (5836 dm2 plant−1), chlorophyll content (5.06 mg gm−1 fresh weight), first height Pod from the surface of the earth (30.46 cm), and dry weight were the best averages (455.8 g plant−1). The plant’s height and the height of the first pod above the surface of the soil interacted significantly with a concentration of 75 mg L−1 at a distance of 7 cm, while the highest mean for the plant’s number of branches, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and dry weight was found at a distance of 28 cm under the same conditions.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Foliar Application of Kinetin, Boron on Some Fruit Characteristics of Fig cv. White Adriatic
Authors: Abdullah Abbas Mahmood , Al-Douri Mahmood. F. L.
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted in Kirkuk Governorate during the growth season 2022 to investigate effect of organic fertilizer Travert Evo (0, 5, 10) ml. L −1 and spraying with Kinetin (0, 150, 300) mg. L −1 and Boron (0, 40, 80) mg. L−1 in some fruit characteristics of fig cv. white Adriatic trees were treated at growth start, after fruit setting and a month later. experiment was included (81) treatments with (3) replicates adopted according randomized complete block design R.B.C.D. result indicated that application of organic 10 ml.L−1 and spraying with kinetin 300 mg.L−1 or boron 80 mg. L−1, single or interaction led to a high significant increase in TSS, total acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, sucrose, vitamin c.as well as treatment of organic 10 ml.L−1 + kinetin 300 mg.L−1+ boron 80 mg. L−1gave a highest result compared another treatment which gave 19.68%, 0.255%, 19.33%, 17.16%, 2.17%, 7.35%, sequentially.