bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions for Incarcerated Individuals with Depression or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rosenfeld Barry , Callahan Perry , Carboni-Jiménez Andrea , Rice Danielle B. , Nassar Elsa-Lynn , Boruff Jill T. , Li Kexin , Thombs Brett D.
Published: August 2024

The effectiveness of psychotherapy for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been well-established in community samples but its effectiveness in carceral settings is less clear. The present systematic review thus sought to evaluate the effects of psychological therapies for PTSD and depression in incarcerated samples. We searched five databases from inception through January 2023, for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers independently reviewed the study eligibility, extracted the data, assessed the intervention reporting, and evaluated the risk of bias. Eleven RCTs met inclusion criteria, five addressing treatment of PTSD, and six addressing treatment of depression. Interventions produced mixed findings with respect to symptom reduction relative to active controls, with a significant risk of methodological bias in virtually all studies. Of the interventions studied, interpersonal psychotherapy produced the most encouraging, though clearly still tentative results for the treatment of depression. Results highlight the need for increased methodological rigor and additional research to examine the effectiveness of interventions that have yielded positive results in community samples.
Lactylation stabilizes TFEB to elevate autophagy and lysosomal activity
Authors: Huang Yewei , Luo Gan , Peng Kesong , Song Yue , Wang Yusha , Zhang Hongtao , Li Jin , Qiu Xiangmin , Pu Maomao , Liu Xinchang , Peng Chao , Neculai Dante , Sun Qiming , Zhou Tianhua , Huang Pintong , Liu Wei
Published: August 2024

The transcription factor TFEB is a major regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. There is growing evidence that posttranslational modifications play a crucial role in regulating TFEB activity. Here, we show that lactate molecules can covalently modify TFEB, leading to its lactylation and stabilization. Mechanically, lactylation at K91 prevents TFEB from interacting with E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2, thereby inhibiting TFEB ubiquitination and proteasome degradation, resulting in increased TFEB activity and autophagy flux. Using a specific antibody against lactylated K91, enhanced TFEB lactylation was observed in clinical human pancreatic cancer samples. Our results suggest that lactylation is a novel mode of TFEB regulation and that lactylation of TFEB may be associated with high levels of autophagy in rapidly proliferating cells, such as cancer cells.
Aurora B controls anaphase onset and error-free chromosome segregation in trypanosomes
Authors: Ballmer Daniel , Lou Hua Jane , Ishii Midori , Turk Benjamin E. , Akiyoshi Bungo
Published: August 2024

Kinetochores form the interface between chromosomes and spindle microtubules and are thus under tight control by a complex regulatory circuitry. The Aurora B kinase plays a central role within this circuitry by destabilizing improper kinetochore–microtubule attachments and relaying the attachment status to the spindle assembly checkpoint. Intriguingly, Aurora B is conserved even in kinetoplastids, a group of early-branching eukaryotes which possess a unique set of kinetochore proteins. It remains unclear how their kinetochores are regulated to ensure faithful chromosome segregation. Here, we show in Trypanosoma brucei that Aurora B activity controls the metaphase-to-anaphase transition through phosphorylation of the divergent Bub1-like protein KKT14. Depletion of KKT14 overrides the metaphase arrest resulting from Aurora B inhibition, while expression of non-phosphorylatable KKT14 delays anaphase onset. Finally, we demonstrate that re-targeting Aurora B to the outer kinetochore suffices to promote mitotic exit but causes extensive chromosome missegregation in anaphase. Our results indicate that Aurora B and KKT14 are involved in an unconventional circuitry controlling cell cycle progression in trypanosomes.
Primordial blackhole formation: exploring chaotic potential with a sharp step via the GLMS perspective
Authors: Thomas Rinsy , Thomas Jobil , Joy Minu
Published: August 2024

A sharp step on a chaotic potential can enhance primordial curvature fluctuations on smaller scales to the

O

(

10

−
2

)

to form primordial black holes (PBHs). The present study discusses an inflationary potential with a sharp step that results in the formation of PBHs in four distinct mass ranges. Also this inflationary model allows the separate consideration of observable parameters ns
and r on the CMB scale from the physics at small scales, where PBHs formation occur. In this work we computed the fractional abundance of PBHs (

f

PBH

) using the GLMS approximation of peak theory and also the Press–Schechter (PS) formalism. In the two typical mass windows,

10

−
13

M
⊙

and

10

−
11

M
⊙

,

f

PBH

calculated using the GLMS approximation is nearly equal to 1 and that calculated via PS is of 10−3. In the other two mass windows

1

M
⊙

and

6

M
⊙

,

f

PBH

obtained using GLMS approximation is 0.01 and 0.001 respectively, while

f

PBH

calculated via PS formalism yields 10−5 and 10−6. The results obtained via GLMS approximation are found to be consistent with observational constraints. A comparative analysis of

f

PBH

obtained using the GLMS perspective and the PS formalism is also included.
Atom number fluctuations in Bose gases—statistical analysis of parameter estimation
Authors: Vibel T , Christensen M B , F Andersen R M , Stokholm L N , Pawłowski K , Rzążewski K , Kristensen M A , Arlt J J
Published: August 2024

The investigation of atom number fluctuations in quantum gases at finite temperatures showcases the ongoing challenges in understanding complex quantum systems. Recently, the microcanonical nature of atom number fluctuations in weakly interacting Bose–Einstein condensates was observed. This motivates an investigation of the thermal component of partially condensed Bose gases, due to the conservation of the total atom number. Here, we present a combined analysis of both components, including a comprehensive analysis of the uncertainties in the preparation and parameter extraction of partially condensed quantum gases. This enables a complementary observation of the thermal atom number fluctuations and yields and improved value of the peak BEC atom number fluctuations

Δ

N

p
,
0

2

=
(
3.7
±
7
)
×

10
5

close to the critical temperature. This corresponds to a reduction by 41% with respect to previous analysis and corroborates the microcanonical nature of the fluctuations. The analysis of noise contributions due to the preparation and evaluation of partially condensed Bose gases is based on Monte Carlo simulations of optical density profiles. Importantly, this allows for an estimation of the technical noise contributions to the atom number and temperature, which is generally applicable in the field of ultracold atoms.
Challenges of high-yield manufacture in micro-light-emitting diodes displays: chip fabrication, mass transfer, and detection
Authors: Yu Binhai , Li Yong , Li Jiasheng , Ding Xinrui , Li Zongtao
Published: August 2024

Micro-light-emitting diode (micro-LED) is a promising display technology that offers significant advantages, including superior brightness, resolution, contrast, energy consumption, and response speed. It is widely recognized as the next generation of display technology with broad application prospects. However, in the manufacturing process of micro-LED displays, producing high-quality and defect-free micro-LED chips and achieving non-destructive processing throughout the long manufacturing chain pose significant difficulties, causing the low production yield of micro-LED displays and extremely limiting their commercialization. This paper provides an overview of high-yield manufacture of micro-LED displays, targeted to improve the production yield during three key manufacturing processes: chip fabrication, mass transfer, and detection. The factors causing chip defects and key technologies for reducing chip defects in these three manufacturing processes, which are closely related to the production yield of micro-LED displays manufacturing, are discussed. Lastly, the future prospects of micro-LED display technology are highlighted.
Plasmon scattering at a junction in double-layer two-dimensional electron gas plasmonic waveguide
Authors: Deng Hanghui , Yang Shengpeng , Guo Hongyang , Qiu Zijian , Zhang Ping , Wang Shaomeng , Wang Zhanliang , Lu Zhigang , Zheng Yuan , Gong Yubin
Published: August 2024

The scattering of plasmons at a junction within a double-layer two-dimensional electron gas plasmonic waveguide is studied via a full electromagnetic method. The dispersion relation is derived by utilizing the transfer matrix method and can be extended to the situation of an arbitrary number of layers. By numerically solving the dispersion equations, both the acoustic and optical plasmon modes are identified in this double layer system, and the unstable plasmon modes arising from plasmon coupling in different layers are discussed elaborately. Subsequently, the total fields are expanded with eigenmodes and matched at the interface to analyze the scattering characteristics at the junction. The results indicate that the total power of the plasmon mode is amplified when the electron fluid flows from a high concentration region to a low concentration region, and the amplification is more evident at a higher drift velocity. Additionally, we address the scattering of unstable plasmons caused by the two-stream instability and find that the transmitted plasmons are excited intensively at the incidence of the growing plasmon, leading to the plasmon amplification. The detailed examination of plasmon scattering at junction is the prerequisite for studying more complex structures of terahertz plasmonic devices and comprehending the corresponding amplification mechanism.
Corrigendum: Research on a synchronised classification method for loose particle detection signals of aerospace- sealed electronic components (2024 Meas. Sci. Technol. 35 066127)
Authors: Li Pengfei , Zhai Guofu , Wang Guotao , Sun Zhigang , Wang Qiang , Gao Leizhen
Published: August 2024

In this corrigendum we correct a picture error. The correction does not have any impact on the conclusions of the paper.
AEEFCSR: an adaptive ensemble empirical feed-forward cascade stochastic resonance system for weak signal detection
Authors: Che Li , Ao Kun , Jiang Liubing
Published: August 2024

A novel adaptive ensemble empirical feed-forward cascade stochastic resonance (AEEFCSR) method is proposed in this study for the challenges of detecting target signals from intense background noise. At first, we create an unsaturated piecewise self-adaptive variable-stable potential function to overcome the limitations of traditional potential functions. Subsequently, based on the foundation of a feed-forward cascaded stochastic resonance method, a novel weighted function and system architecture is created, which effectively addresses the issue of low-frequency noise enrichment through ensemble empirical mode decomposition. Lastly, inspired by the spider wasp algorithm and nutcracker optimization algorithm, the spider wasp nutcracker optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the system parameters and overcome the problem of relying on manual experience. In this paper, to evaluate its performance, the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), spectral sub-peak difference, and time-domain recovery capability are used as evaluation metrics. The AEEFCSR method is demonstrated through theoretical analysis. To further illustrate the performance of the AEEFCSR method, Validate the adoption of multiple engineering datasets. The results show that compared with the compared algorithms, the output SNR of the AEEFCSR method is at least 6.2801 dB higher, the spectral subpeak difference is more than 0.25 higher, and the time-domain recovery effect is more excellent. In summary, the AEEFCSR method has great potential for weak signal detection in complex environments.
An efficient and automatic method based on monocular camera and GNSS for collecting and updating geographical coordinates of mileage pile in highway digital twin map
Authors: Liu Han , Ma Ronggui
Published: August 2024

The high-precision positioning of mileage piles on a digital map ensures accurate data for high-speed event releases, toll audits, and road condition monitoring. This paper introduces an efficient and automatic system for positioning highway mileage piles. The self-developed data acquisition system collects mileage pile images and road trajectory. Considering the limited variety of mileage piles, a Simplified-YOLOv5m (S-YOLOv5m) is proposed. Then a high-precision character detection network of S-YOLOv5m is proposed to enhance feature extraction and improve the accuracy of character detection on mileage piles. Thirdly, the end-to-end monocular distance measurement combines the target detection with the distance estimation, enabling simultaneous object detection and distance measurement. Fourthly, by combining with the geographical coordinates of the acquisition point, the direct solution to geodetic problems is applied to calculate the spatial coordinates of the mileage piles. Finally, the missing mileage piles are compensated for using the road curve and equal distance interpolation. The complete mileage piles and geographical information list of the inspection trajectory are output. Through a series of verification tests, the average positioning error of the mileage pile system is 1.265 m. The contribution of the automatic positioning system of mileage piles is to construct the relationship between mileage piles and geographical coordinates, match mileage piles with digital maps to realize the full-featured, real-scene, and high-dynamic management of road attributes.
Fault diagnosis method for bearings under variable working conditions based on transfer relation network
Authors: Zhang Ran , Zhao Zhihong , Tao Xu , Yang Shaopu
Published: August 2024

In order to achieve robust fault diagnosis under varying conditions with limited labeled data, this study combines metric-based meta-learning with feature-based domain adaptation. It introduces a new approach for variable-condition bearing fault diagnosis using transfer relation networks. To enhance the network’s ability to generalize across different domains, the paper integrates local maximum mean discrepancy (LMMD) into the relation network architecture. LMMD aligns the data distributions of various classes between the source and target domains, effectively addressing distributional differences and improving model generalization. To accurately and swiftly extract meaningful fault features, the study proposes a lightweight feature extraction module based on Shuffle Attention (SA). This module employs depth-wise separable convolutions for efficiency and integrates SA after each convolutional layer to bolster feature representation. Finally, experiments on two bearing datasets under varying conditions validate the efficacy and superiority of the proposed model over alternative methods.
One-shot omnidirectional pressure integration through matrix inversion
Authors: Zigunov Fernando , Charonko John J
Published: August 2024

In this work, we present a method to perform 2D and 3D omnidirectional pressure integration from velocity measurements with a single-iteration matrix inversion approach. This work builds upon our previous work, where the rotating parallel ray approach was extended to the limit of infinite rays by taking continuous projection integrals of the ray paths and recasting the problem as an iterative matrix inversion problem. This iterative matrix equation is now ‘fast-forwarded’ to the ‘infinity’ iteration, leading to a different matrix equation that can be solved in a single step, thereby presenting the same computational complexity as the Poisson equation. We observe computational speedups of

∼

10
6

when compared to brute-force omnidirectional integration methods, enabling the treatment of grids of

∼

10
9

points and potentially even larger in a desktop setup at the time of publication. Further examination of the boundary conditions of our one-shot method shows that omnidirectional pressure integration implements a boundary condition where the boundary points are treated as interior points to the extent that information is available. Finally, we show how the method can be extended from the regular grids typical of particle image velocimetry to the unstructured meshes characteristic of particle tracking velocimetry data.
Preparation and performance study of silicon modified polyurethane-based magnetorheological elastomeric polishing pad
Authors: Hu Da , Long Haotian , Lu Jiabin , Li Huilong , Zeng Jun , Yan Qiusheng
Published: August 2024

By employing magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) as polishing pads for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), the magnetorheological properties are utilized to effectively control the flexible removal of materials in CMP. This study presents a method for preparing a silicon modified polyurethane (SPU)-based MRE polishing pad, aimed at demonstrating improved magnetorheological properties while preserving mechanical properties. The SPU-based MRE polishing pad was synthesized through the copolymerization of hydroxypropyl silicone oil and polyurethane prepolymers, with subsequent evaluation of its mechanical properties and polishing performance. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of the soft polydimethylsiloxane main chain from organosilicon into the polyurethane main chain, forming a soft segment that intertwines with the polyurethane main chain to create a soft-hard segment crosslinked structure. Comparison to polyurethane (PU)-based MRE, SPU exhibits significantly reduced hardness but improved wear resistance, as well as enhanced resistance to acid and alkali corrosion. Due to the presence of a soft matrix, SPU shows better magnetorheological effects (MR Effects) than PU-based MRE. Under a magnetic field intensity of 845 mT, the MR Effect of PU-based MRE is only 18%, while Si-15.96 and Si-16.79 SPU-based MREs can reach 84% and 110%, respectively. Although the material removal rate (MRR) of single-crystal SiC decreases after polishing with SPU compared to PU-based MRE, a higher surface quality is achieved, and the glazing degree of the polishing pad is significantly reduced. In the magnetic field-assisted polishing of single crystal SiC, the MRR increased by 38.4% when polished with an SPU-based MRE polishing pad, whereas the MRR was only 8.7% when polished with a PU-based MRE polishing pad. This study provides further evidence for the development and application of MRE in CMP.
Higher-order interactions and zero-determinant strategies in the public goods game
Authors: Li Junchi
Published: August 2024

Since the ingenious discovery of zero-determinant (ZD) strategies by Press and Dyson, many efforts have been devoted to the evolutionary performance of ZD strategies. Recently, the effects of higher-order interactions on evolutionary games have attracted widespread interests, whereas it remains unknown how higher-order interactions affect the evolutionary performance of ZD strategies. This paper focuses on the role of higher-order interactions on evolutionary ZD strategies in iterated public goods game, where the baseline payoff is a key parameter to describe nodes’ extent of reciprocity in both first-order and second-order interactions. Through the adaptive-like dynamics, we found that there is a critical value of each network, above which the networked game will converge to a consensus state where all the nodes obtain the same payoff. This critical value is significantly affected by the relative strength of higher-order interactions with a U-shaped trend. Numerical simulations are carried out to explore how the network structures affect the dynamics. The results in networks with different sizes indicate that networks with higher average degree are more easily to converge to the consensus state. The simulations on a real-world network further support the theoretical conclusions.
Mode pairing quantum key distribution with light source monitoring
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Dou Tianqi , Xie Yuheng , Kong Weiwen , Chen Na , Zhao Qi , Gao Wenpeng , Han Peizhe , Hao Yuanchen , Ma Haiqiang , Liu Yang , Tang Jianjun
Published: August 2024

Mode pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) overcomes the repeaterless bound without requiring phase locking and phase tracking. However, MP-QKD still assumes that the light source is trusted, which can present challenges in practical deployments and potentially introduce security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a light source monitoring (LSM) scheme that guarantees the security of MP-QKD with the untrusted light sources. The simulation results demonstrate that, when considering untrusted light sources, the performance of MP-QKD with the LSM scheme remains nearly identical to that of ideal MP-QKD, even in the presence of the source fluctuations. Furthermore, we simplify some of the complex integration calculations involved in simulating the observed quantities of MP-QKD, which reduces the running time of the parameter optimization procedure.
Multiple magnetic orders discovered in the superconducting state of EuFe2(As

1
−
x

P

x

)2
Authors: Zhou Nan , Sun Yue , Veshchunov Ivan S , Kittaka S , Shen X L , Ma H M , Wei W , Pan Y Q , Cheng M , Zhang Y F , Kono Y , Sun Yuping , Tamegai T , Luo Xuan , Shi Zhixiang , Sakakibara Toshiro
Published: August 2024

The interplay between superconductivity and magnetism is an important subject in condensed matter physics. EuFe2As2-based iron pnictides could offer an interesting plateau to study their relationship that has attracted considerable attention. So far, two magnetic phase transitions were observed in EuFe2As2-based crystal, which were deemed to originate from the itinerant Fe moments (~190 K) and the localized Eu2+ moments (~19 K), respectively. Here, we systematically studied the heat capacity for the EuFe2(As

1
−
x

P
x
)2 crystals with x = 0.21 (optimally doped) and x = 0.29 (overdoped). We have found two new magnetic orders in the superconducting state (ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 K) in the optimally doped crystal. As more P was introduced into the As site, one of the magnetic orders becomes absent in the overdoped crystal. Additionally, we observed strong field and orientation dependence in heat capacity. The present findings in EuFe2(As

1
−
x

P
x
)2 have detected the new low-temperature magnetic orders, which may originate from the localized Eu2+ spins order or the spin reorientation.
Tunable thermal conductivity of surface phonon polaritons in SiC thin film
Authors: Huang Congliang , Wang Yibo , Wang Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

As an additional heat carrier besides phonons and electrons, the surface phonon polariton (SPhPs) possesses a large potential to increase the thermal conductivity. In this work, the influences of SPhP frequency, film thickness and film permittivity on the SPhP-contributed thermal conductivity of SiC thin films were probed. Results show that: there are two frequency zones which could lead to a much high thermal conductivity, i. e. the frequency which approaching zero and the frequency in singularity zone. The thermal conductivity decreases with the increase of the film thickness, following a power-function relationship, and a thin film with a thickness of 10-nm could have a thermal conductivity higher than

1
×
1
0

4

W·m−1·K−1. However, the experimental observation of this high thermal conductivity is still difficult because of the size effect of the film length. The thermal conductivity will increase with the decrease of the imaginary part of the film permittivity and/or increase of the real part of the film permittivity, and there is approximately a reciprocal dependence of thermal conductivity on the imaginary part of the film permittivity. The thermal conductivity could be tuned by several times with tailoring its permittivity through adding fillers in it or adding dopant in it. This work provides some potential methods to tune the SPhP thermal conductivity in SiC thin film, which could help its application in microscale heat dissipation.
A dual-band bandpass filter based on hybrid ESPPs-SIW structure with ultra-wide upper stopband suppression
Authors: Chen Kunhong , Wen Pin , Wang Chenao , Huang Xiaojie , Liu Foxiang , Xu Kai-Da
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a new bandwidth-controllable dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) based on hybrid effective surface plasmon polaritons (ESPPs) and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structure is presented. It consists of three parts, where a dual-band filtering part is realized by a two-layer SIW and an air cavity located on the top of SIW, and two traditional SSPPs low-pass filtering parts are introduced for wide stopband suppression. According to effective-medium theory and structural dispersion, different widths and relative permittivities of the SIW and air cavity are used to provide flexible cutoff frequencies of the ESPPs-SIW structure, thus exhibiting independently controllable bandwidth. The simulation results reveal that the presented dual-band BPF has outstanding filtering performance and ultra-wide upper stopband suppression level. The upper stopband can be extended up to 21.4 GHz (8.5f
0) with a suppression level of −20 dB, where f
0 is the center frequency of the first passband (i.e., 2.52 GHz). The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which verifies the correctness of our design concept and method.
Metal-insulator-metal plasmonic sensor utilizing grating-defect waveguide and cavities for temperature sensing and biological applications
Authors: Ghanavati Mohammad , Emami Farzin , Karami Mohammad Azim
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a novel plasmonic temperature and refractive index (RI) sensor that utilizes a Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) waveguide with two neighboring hexagonal cavities working based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The study demonstrates that the structural parameters, including coupling distance and the number of gratings, have a substantial influence on both Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) and the transmission spectrum. The findings of this study demonstrated a maximum temperature sensitivity of 0.91 nm.°C−1 for carbon disulfide and a corresponding maximum temperature figure of Merit (FoM) of 0.0180 °C−1 for chloroform. The RI-sensitivity (RIS) of this sensor is found to be 1147.22 nm per RI unit (RIU) as well as its FoM is 37.1 RIU−1. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits the ability to quantify blood glucose concentration with a maximum sensitivity of 0.136 nm.g−1.L and measure blood plasma concentration with a maximum sensitivity of 0.211 nm.g−1.L. This sensor differentiates the RI between healthy and cancer cells and can be utilized to identify both healthy red blood cells and those infected with malaria. Adding gratings to the waveguide and within the hexagonal cavities has a significant impact on the transmission intensity. The proposed plasmonic sensor can be used in optoelectronics, cancer cell sensors and photonic circuits.
A tunable chiral metasurface useable in terahertz imaging and wavefront shaping
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yang Shuang , Gao Yachen
Published: August 2024

We proposed a tunable chiral metasurface comprising a reflective bottom layer of gold, a dielectric layer of polyimide, and a structural top layer of gold-graphene. Its main properties were studied via numerical simulations conducted using CST Studio Suite. The results indicate that, based on the chiral metasurface, we achieved dual-band circular dichroism of −0.5 and 0.77 at 0.9 THz and 1.06 THz, respectively, and complementary near-field imaging applications were realized by tuning the Fermi level (E
f
) of graphene. Subsequently, exploiting the exceptional selective characteristics of circularly polarized waves using a chiral metasurface, eight chiral phase-gradient metasurfaces were constructed by rotating the chiral structure. Moreover, based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase principle, tunable wavefront shaping applications were further realized, including anomalous reflection, vortex beams, and focusing. In anomalous reflection, the reflection angles for left-circularly polarized (LCP) and right-circularly polarized (RCP) incidences are opposite when adjusting the E

f
of graphene. For example, when the graphene E
f
is 0 eV and the LCP wave is incident at 0°, the reflection angle is −18°. Conversely, when the graphene E
f
is 1 eV and the RCP wave is incident at 0°, the reflection angle is 18°. In the application of vortex beams, by adjusting the E

f
of graphene, we achieved vortex beams with opposite topological charges under different circularly polarized incidences. In the focusing application, the incident LCP and RCP can achieve focusing and defocusing, respectively. And the graphene E

f
can dynamically control the focusing efficiency at the incident LCP, increasing it from 13.63% to 44.84%.
Synthesis and characterisation of superior AC/ZnO NPs biocomposite for hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) adsorption
Authors: Akmal Andi , Tahir Dahlang , Heryanto Heryanto , Akouibaa Abdelillah , Rahmat Roni
Published: August 2024

This study aims to synthesize biocomposite by combining banana stem activated carbon (AC) and ZnO Nanoparticles (NPs) to evaluate their adsorption potential towards hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) (20 mg/L). The AC used was successfully synthesized by an impregnation method using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) for 24 h, followed by a carbonization method. ZnO NPs were synthesized using the direct precipitation method using zinc acetate dihydrate (0.2 M) and KOH (0.4 M) as precursors. The AC/ZnO NPs biocomposite was fabricated using the mechanical alloying method at a frequency of 10 Hz for 30 min. The FTIR results show that both adsorbents, namely pure AC and AC/ZnO NPs have abundant functional groups. XRD results show the adsorbent is amorphous with pure AC at 89.95% and AC/ZnO NPs biocomosite at 56.49%. SEM results showed that the morphology of AC resembled crushed bovine bone marrow, and the morphology of ZnO NPs showed a marshmallow-like shape. The UV–vis spectrometer test results show that at the absorption peak of 350 nm the Cr (VI) removal efficiency slowly decreases and disappears at a dose variation of 1.5 g pure AC, 2 g biocomposite AC/ZnO NPs, and 2 g pure AC with Cr (VI) removal efficiency of 99.61%, 99.64%, and 99.83% respectively. Finally, we can report that the high degradation ability for Cr (VI) can be related to thesharp peak of –C=O group, reduced

Δ

L
O
−
T
O

,

and smaller average crystallite size in AC/ZnO NPs biocomposite.
Turbulence compensation with pix-to-pix generative adversarial networks in vector vortex beams
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Xie Xiaoping , Si Jinhai , Wang Wei , Jia Shuaiwei , Gao Duorui
Published: August 2024

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has significantly propelled free space optical communication (FSOC) towards achieving ultra-large transmission capacities, but mode-crosstalk in atmospheric turbulence limits its application. Here, we propose a proof-of-concept turbulence compensation approach utilizing pix-to-pix generative adversarial networks (pix2pixGAN) that does not rely on the wavefront sensor. The model captures the complex relationships between distorted optical fields and phase screens through extensive training, after which the phase screen is directly recovered from the well-trained model by identifying the corresponding distorted image to compensate for distortions. Using this model, the Strehl ratio improvement is measured at 35.7%, 8.9%, and 1.7% under three distinct turbulence conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the recognition of vector vortex beams (VVBs) integrating with the pix2pixGAN significantly improves average mode accuracy from 2% to over 99%. Additionally, the exploration of VVB-based communication further elucidates pix2pixGAN's role in enhancing communication quality. These findings suggest a potential advancement in developing a novel neural network-based strategy to compensate for transmission distortions under intense turbulence.
Traversable wormhole solutions utilizing the Karmarkar condition in

f
(
R
,
G
)

gravity
Authors: Naz Tayyaba , Malik Adnan , Bhatti M Z , Kamran Asif M , Fayyaz Iffat
Published: August 2024

The main objective of this paper is to reveal the evolving traversable wormhole solutions in the context of modified

f
(
R
,
G
)

gravity, which affects the gravitational interaction. These results are derived by applying the Karmarkar condition, which creates wormhole geometry that meets the necessary conditions and connects two asymptotically flat areas of spacetime. The proposed study’s main goal is to construct the wormhole structures by splitting the

f
(
R
,
G
)

gravity model into two forms Firstly, we split the model into an exponential-like

f
(
R
)

gravity model and a power law

f
(
G
)

gravity model, and secondly, we consider the Starobinsky

f
(
R
)

gravity model along with a power law

f
(
G
)

gravity model. Besides, we address the feasibility of shape functions and the structural analysis of wormhole structures for specific models. These models are then confined to be compatible with current experimental evidence. Further, the energy conditions of the wormhole are geometrically probed, and it is proven that they adhere to the null energy conditions in areas close to the throat. Moreover, the fascinating aspect of this study involves conducting an examination and comparison of evolving wormhole geometries in the vicinity of the throat in our chosen models, utilizing two- and three-dimensional graphical representations. We observe that our shape function acquired through the Karmarkar technique yields validated wormhole configurations with even less exotic matter, correlating to the proper choice of

f
(
R
,
G
)

gravity models and acceptable free parameter values. In summary, we conclude that our findings meet all the criteria for the existence of wormholes, affirming the viability and consistency of our study.
Iterative alignment discovery of speech-associated neural activity
Authors: Rabbani Qinwan , Shah Samyak , Milsap Griffin , Fifer Matthew , Hermansky Hynek , Crone Nathan
Published: August 2024

Objective. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to preserve or restore speech in patients with neurological disorders that weaken the muscles involved in speech production. However, successful training of low-latency speech synthesis and recognition models requires alignment of neural activity with intended phonetic or acoustic output with high temporal precision. This is particularly challenging in patients who cannot produce audible speech, as ground truth with which to pinpoint neural activity synchronized with speech is not available. Approach. In this study, we present a new iterative algorithm for neural voice activity detection (nVAD) called iterative alignment discovery dynamic time warping (IAD-DTW) that integrates DTW into the loss function of a deep neural network (DNN). The algorithm is designed to discover the alignment between a patient’s electrocorticographic (ECoG) neural responses and their attempts to speak during collection of data for training BCI decoders for speech synthesis and recognition. Main results. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, we tested its accuracy in predicting the onset and duration of acoustic signals produced by able-bodied patients with intact speech undergoing short-term diagnostic ECoG recordings for epilepsy surgery. We simulated a lack of ground truth by randomly perturbing the temporal correspondence between neural activity and an initial single estimate for all speech onsets and durations. We examined the model’s ability to overcome these perturbations to estimate ground truth. IAD-DTW showed no notable degradation (<1% absolute decrease in accuracy) in performance in these simulations, even in the case of maximal misalignments between speech and silence. Significance. IAD-DTW is computationally inexpensive and can be easily integrated into existing DNN-based nVAD approaches, as it pertains only to the final loss computation. This approach makes it possible to train speech BCI algorithms using ECoG data from patients who are unable to produce audible speech, including those with Locked-In Syndrome.
A Bayesian theory of market impact
Authors: Saddier Louis , Marsili Matteo
Published: August 2024

The available liquidity at any time in financial markets falls largely short of the typical size of the orders that institutional investors would trade. In order to reduce the impact on prices due to the execution of large orders, traders in financial markets split large orders into a series of smaller ones, which are executed sequentially. The resulting sequence of trades is called a meta-order. Empirical studies have revealed a non-trivial set of statistical laws on how meta-orders affect prices, which include (i) the square-root behaviour of the expected price variation with the total volume traded, (ii) its crossover to a linear regime for small volumes and (iii) a reversion of average prices towards its initial value, after the sequence of trades is over. Here we recover this phenomenology within a minimal theoretical framework where the market sets prices by incorporating all information on the direction and speed of trade of the meta-order in a Bayesian manner. The simplicity of this derivation lends further support to the robustness and universality of market impact laws. In particular, it suggests that the square-root impact law originates from over-estimation of order flows originating from meta-orders.
An FPGA-based parallel deconvolution application envisaging high-energy calorimeters operating under severe pile-up conditions
Authors: Luz Igo A.S. , Simas Filho Eduardo F. , Farias Paulo C.M.A. , de Andrade Filho Luciano M. , Seixas J.M.
Published: August 2024

Signal pileup may arise when the system response time is
larger than what would be required by the event rate in the
application. In this condition, information superposition occurs,
and signal estimation is deteriorated due to such information
distortion. For online applications, mitigating such a pileup
distortion usually requires embedded digital signal processing,
which often involves FPGA-based designs when high event rates are a
concern. Recently, high-energy particle experiments started facing
an unprecedented increase in pileup conditions, which demanded new
approaches for signal estimation. This work proposes a dedicated
parallel signal processing system embedded on an FPGA platform that
implements different filtering techniques for online energy
reconstruction in calorimeters (energy measurement) operating under
severe pileup conditions. Each designed filter is an inverse
approximation of the calorimeter readout channel's impulse response,
performing deconvolution of the incoming signals. Such a
deconvolution approach for energy estimation was recently
introduced, and the proposed filters were implemented in this
work. Evaluation of the digital system design was performed using a
data set that considers a typical high-energy calorimeter front-end
response, as high-luminosity particle collider experiments produce
high pileup distortions in calorimeter signals when processing the
subproducts of the collisions. As the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
provides the most demanding conditions in terms of signal pileup,
the acquisition system of the proposed solution is synchronous with
its collision rate (40 MHz). The results showed that the proposed
implementation may be applied as a preprocessing (pileup reduction)
step in calorimeter instrumentation and could reduce the signal
pileup within the fast response time required by such experiments.
Metrics for quantifying the efficiency of atmospheric CO2 reduction by marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR)
Authors: Yamamoto Kana , DeVries Tim , Siegel David A
Published: August 2024

Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) is gaining interest as a tool to meet global climate goals. Because the response of the ocean–atmosphere system to mCDR takes years to centuries, modeling is required to assess the impact of mCDR on atmospheric CO2 reduction. Here, we use a coupled ocean–atmosphere model to quantify the atmospheric CO2 reduction in response to a CDR perturbation. We define two metrics to characterize the atmospheric CO2 response to both instantaneous ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) and direct air capture (DAC): the cumulative additionality (α) measures the reduction in atmospheric CO2 relative to the magnitude of the CDR perturbation, while the relative efficiency (ϵ) quantifies the cumulative additionality of mCDR relative to that of DAC. For DAC, α is 100% immediately following CDR deployment, but declines to roughly 50% by 100 years post-deployment as the ocean degasses CO2 in response to the removal of carbon from the atmosphere. For instantaneous OAE, α is zero initially and reaches a maximum of 40%–90% several years to decades later, depending on regional CO2 equilibration rates and ocean circulation processes. The global mean ϵ approaches 100% after 40 years, showing that instantaneous OAE is nearly as effective as DAC after several decades. However, there are significant geographic variations, with ϵ approaching 100% most rapidly in the low latitudes while ϵ stays well under 100% for decades to centuries near deep and intermediate water formation sites. These metrics provide a quantitative framework for evaluating sequestration timescales and carbon market valuation that can be applied to any mCDR strategy.
Reservoir temperature assessment by multicomponent geothermometry through a case study of Patuha Geothermal Field, Indonesia
Authors: Kusumasari B A , Kashiwaya K , Tada Y , Rahayudin Y , Koike K
Published: August 2024

This study aims to establish a reliable method for accurately estimating reservoir temperature in the Patuha Geothermal Field (PGF), a vapor-dominated reservoir. The current power generation is in the southern region of PGF, known for its high potential, while the northern region, a largely underexplored area due to limited subsurface data, presents an intriguing challenge. To address this, multicomponent geothermometry was adopted to assess the northern reservoir temperature. This method utilizes comprehensive chemical analysis and mineral saturation indices (SI) for precise temperature assessments. Optimization identified key minerals for better SI clustering. Multicomponent geothermometry estimated the reservoir temperature at 245°C, while classical solute geothermometry (quartz, chalcedony, Na-K-Ca, Na-K, and K-Mg) provided a range of 220-260 °C. Despite similar results, multicomponent geothermometry is considered more accurate as it accounts for various processes during water ascent. The optimization identified quartz, anhydrite, actinolite, calcite, illite, kaolinite, wairakite, and epidote as minerals, providing better SI clustering. Thus, multicomponent geothermometry outperforms classical solute geothermometry in vapor-dominated reservoirs like PGF, mainly when fluids are not in complete chemical equilibrium with reservoir minerals. This method’s broader application potential for straightforward analysis using standard geochemical data without intricate analyses promises significant advancements in geothermal research.
Assessing the impact of temperature on employee health in Binh Duong province
Authors: Tuyet N H A , Than N H
Published: August 2024

Binh Duong is a locality with strong economic growth in the region and attracts a lot of workers across the country. This study was conducted to assess heat-related health risks for employees in Binh Duong province in 2020 by the heat index and wet bulb globe temperature. The results indicate that the HI of 12 months is very high, between 34°C and 61°C. Most months are classified as dangerous levels of II-IV that affect workers’ health, especially in June, October, and November. The WBGT values are also light high, ranging from 31°C to 42°C, exceeding the limitation value of WBGT regulated at QCVN 26:2016/BYT for all kinds of works, even with the exposing time being below 25% of working time. Research results indicate that heat hazards from solar energy are of great concern in working conditions.
Coastal Resilience: A Comparative Analysis on the Landscape Management of Tanjung Lesung Beach and Puerto Galera Beach
Authors: Secugal A
Published: August 2024

Coastal communities in the Southeast Asian region are presently at risk from natural disasters emerging from climate change. Along with these situations are landscape-based solutions that arise immediate concerns for the landscape management approaches for coastal areas, aiming at reduction of threats toward communities. Beach communities like in Tanjung Lesung in Banten, Indonesia, and Puerto Galera in Oriental Mindoro in the Philippines have become subject contexts in this comparative study, considering that potential landscape management solutions have been observed from some cultures in both places, which may promote profound techniques that are cultivated from Southeast Asia. This research employs SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) frameworks to evaluate the environmental features of both Tanjung Lesung and Puerto Galera. These methods were preassigned to investigate their advantages in studying the landscape and their capacity to provide valuable insights for the development of both destination’s Landscape Character Management Plan. Structured around four interrelated objectives: (1) geospatial integration, (2) indicator system development, (3) synergistic integration, and (4) landscape management enhancement, the research utilizes a multifaceted approach. This includes desk reviews, observations, interviews with key informants, and mapping, supplementing the SWOT-PEST analysis. In doing so, an integrated methodological framework set in a spatial context was the result leading to determining strategic areas, nodes, and networks that are crucial to improving the environment, primarily characterized as the coastal landscapes, thus serving as potential coastal landscape management references of other coastal landscape areas with similar conditions in the Southeast Asian region.
Perceptions of commercial plants and tree nurseries in the use of native forest tree species for urban landscaping activities in municipalities of Los Baños and Bay, Philippines
Authors: Piñon A , Tolentino E , Carandang W , Calderon M
Published: August 2024

Urban greening using native forest tree species (NFTs) has been increasingly recognized to achieve more livable, healthier, and resilient cities. However, despite having diverse genetic reserves, full utilization of NFTs in the country has not been fully realized. This restricts the mass production of seedlings for urban greening activities. As such, this study was carried out to determine the perceptions of commercial plants and tree nurseries in the use of NFTs for urban greening in municipalities of Los Baños and Bay, Philippines using the snowball sampling technique of Key Informant Interviews (KII). A total of 32 respondents were interviewed. Out of 85 species of trees identified, 51.16% (Los Baños) and 35.29% (Bay) were native. Most buyers planted their seedlings in private gardens (37.62%), subdivisions (12.38%), and private resorts (11.90%). About 18% of respondents sourced out their propagules from local sellers, followed by purchasing ready-to-plant seedlings from nearby towns (e.g. Talisay, Batangas) (14.11%) and Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve (10.58%). Unfamiliarity (21.69%) with the potential of native species seemingly impedes their popularity as urban trees. Over 23% of respondents believed that native trees help enhance the urban biodiversity and more than 43% have mentioned that buyers used leaves as the basis for species selection. Meanwhile, seedlings of seed origin are the most common (about 35%) mode of seedling production. Finally, the study revealed thatPterocarpus indicusis the topmost common native forest tree species being used for urban greening in the subject municipalities and therefore warranted to be used for further studies.