bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stem cell transplantation for follicular lymphoma relapsed/refractory after prior rituximab
Authors: Evens Andrew M. , Vanderplas Ann , LaCasce Ann S. , Crosby Allison L. , Nademanee Auayporn P. , Kaminski Mark S. , Abel Gregory A. , Millenson Michael , Czuczman Myron S. , Rodriguez Maria A. , Niland Joyce , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Gordon Leo I. , Friedberg Jonathan W.
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

Stem cell transplant (SCT)‐related outcomes and prognostication for relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) are not well‐defined in the post‐rituximab era.

METHODS

Through the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) lymphoma outcomes study, 184 patients with relapsed/refractory FL who underwent autologous SCT (autoSCT) or allogenic SCT (alloSCT) following disease relapse after prior rituximab‐based therapy were examined.

RESULTS

Patients who underwent autoSCT (N = 136) were older compared with patients who underwent alloSCT (N = 48) (54 versus 51 years, respectively, P = .01) and more frequently had grade 3 FL (35% versus 8%, respectively, P = .006). Patients who underwent alloSCT received more prior therapies (4 versus 3, respectively, P < .0001) and more often had resistant disease at SCT (19% versus 6%, respectively, P = .008). Cumulative 100‐day nonrelapse mortality (NRM) for autoSCT and alloSCT were 1% and 6%, respectively (P < .0001), whereas 3‐year NRM rates were 3% versus 24%, respectively (P < .0001). For autoSCT and alloSCT, cumulative rates of relapse, progression, and/or transformation were 32% versus 16%, respectively (P = .03), whereas 3‐year overall survival rates were 87% versus 61% (P < .0001); there were no differences in failure‐free survival. AlloSCT was associated with increased risk of death on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 2.77, 95% confidence interval = 1.46‐5.26, P = .002). This finding persisted on propensity scoring/matching. Multivariate analysis for autoSCT patients identified age > 60 years and > 3 prior therapies as adverse factors. Furthermore, a survival model was created for the autoSCT cohort based on number of factors present (0, 1, 2); 3‐year failure‐free survival was 72%, 47%, and 20%, respectively (P = .0003), and 3‐year overall survival was 96%, 82%, and 62%, respectively (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS

AutoSCT remains an effective therapy for patients with FL. For alloSCT, continued strategies to reduce NRM are needed. Cancer 2013;119:3662–3671. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Volumetric tumor growth in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations during EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy
Authors: Nishino Mizuki , Dahlberg Suzanne E. , Cardarella Stephanie , Jackman David M. , Rabin Michael S. , Ramaiya Nikhil H. , Hatabu Hiroto , Jänne Pasi A. , Johnson Bruce E.
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to define the volumetric tumor growth rate in patients who had advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and had initially received treatment with EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy beyond progression.

METHODS

The study included 58 patients with advanced NSCLC who had sensitizing EGFR mutations treated with first‐line gefitinib or erlotinib, had baseline computed tomography (CT) scans available that revealed a measurable lung lesion, had at least 2 follow‐up CT scans during TKI therapy, and had experienced volumetric tumor growth. The tumor volume (in mm3) of the dominant lung lesion was measured on baseline and follow‐up CT scans during therapy. In total, 405 volume measurements were analyzed in a linear mixed‐effects model, fitting time as a random effect, to define the growth rate of the logarithm of tumor volume (logeV).

RESULTS

A linear mixed‐effects model was fitted to predict the growth of logeV, adjusting for time in months from baseline. LogeV was estimated as a function of time in months among patients whose tumors started growing after the nadir: logeV = 0.12*time + 7.68. In this formula, the regression coefficient for time, 0.12/month, represents the growth rate of logeV (standard error, 0.015/month; P < .001). When adjusted for baseline volume, logeV0, the growth rate was also 0.12/month (standard error, 0.015/month; P < .001; logeV = 0.12*months + 0.72 logeV0 + 0.61).

CONCLUSIONS

Tumor volume models defined volumetric tumor growth after the nadir in patients with EGFR‐mutant, advanced NSCLC who were receiving TKI, providing a reference value for the tumor growth rate in patients who progress after the nadir on TKI therapy. The results can be studied further in additional cohorts to develop practical criteria to help identify patients who are slowly progressing and can safely remain on EGFR‐TKIs. Cancer 2013;119:3761–3768. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
mHealth: A Mechanism to Deliver More Accessible, More Effective Mental Health Care
Authors: Price Matthew , Yuen Erica K. , Goetter Elizabeth M. , Herbert James D. , Forman Evan M. , Acierno Ron , Ruggiero Kenneth J.
Published: August 2013

The increased popularity and functionality of mobile devices has a number of implications for the delivery of mental health services. Effective use of mobile applications has the potential to (a) increase access to evidence‐based care; (b) better inform consumers of care and more actively engage them in treatment; (c) increase the use of evidence‐based practices; and (d) enhance care after formal treatment has concluded. The current paper presents an overview of the many potential uses of mobile applications as a means to facilitate ongoing care at various stages of treatment. Examples of current mobile applications in behavioural treatment and research are described, and the implications of such uses are discussed. Finally, we provide recommendations for methods to include mobile applications into current treatment and outline future directions for evaluation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Mobile devices are becoming increasingly common among the adult population and have tremendous potential to advance clinical care.

Mobile applications have the potential to enhance clinical care at stages of treatment—from engaging patients in clinical care to facilitating adherence to practices and in maintaining treatment gains.

Research is needed to validate the efficacy and effectiveness of mobile applications in clinical practice.

Research on such devices must incorporate assessments of usability and adherence in addition to their incremental benefit to treatment.
Basic concepts in crystal growth
Authors: Rubbo Marco
Published: August 2013

The aim of this chapter is to reminde some fundamental concepts in Crystal Growth developed in the last century. These concern the definition of the state of non‐equilibrium, the equilibrium and growth shapes of crystals, the atomistic point of view on surface energy, the crystallochemical description of the surface in terms of bond chains and the first mechanisms unravelling the way crystals grow. We hope it can help to place in the proper scientific context the peculiar subjects of this book.
Towards High Conductivity in Anion‐Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Nanwen , Guiver Michael D. , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: August 2013

Invited for this month′s front cover is the group of Wolfgang Binder, collaborating with Michael D. Guiver of the National Research Council of Canada. The image demonstrates how an anion‐exchange membrane based on clicked 1,2,3‐triazoles can facilitate the transport of hydroxide ions. Read the full text of the article on page 1376
Resource allocation in cloud virtual machines based on empirical service traces
Authors: Lin Ching‐Huang , Lu Chien‐Tung , Chen Ying‐Hsien , Li Jung‐Shian
Published: August 2013

One of the key technologies in cloud computing is virtualization. Using virtualization, a system can optimize usage of resources, simplify management of infrastructure and software, and reduce hardware requirements. This research focuses on infrastructure as a service, resource allocation by providers for consumers, and explores the optimization of system utilization based on actual service traces of a real world cloud computing site. Before activating additional virtual machines (VM) for applications, the system examines CPU usage in the resource pools. The behavior of each VM can be estimated by monitoring the CPU usage for different types of services, and consequently, additional resources added or idle resources released. Based on historical observations of the required resources for each kind of service, the system can efficiently dispatch VMs. The proposed scheme can efficiently and effectively distribute resources to VMs for maximizing utilization of the cloud computing center. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sanierung der unteren historischen Stadtmauer in Hildburghausen – Statische Sicherung und Steinrestaurierung
Authors: Betzold Ronald
Published: August 2013

Im Februar 2009 kam es zu einem Teileinsturz der historischen Stadtmauer Hildburghausen auf einer Länge von ca. 10 m. Als Konsequenz aus dem Einsturz wurde die Sanierung eines erweiterten Areals beschlossen. Diese umfasste die statische Sicherung sowie die Steinrestaurierung der Mauerfassade eines ca. 100 m langen Abschnittes. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Mauerwerksrekonstruktionen im Bereich der Einsturzstellen sowie in weiteren akut einsturzgefährdeten Abschnitten vor. Nahezu das gesamte 5 m hohe Wandmauerwerk wurde mittels Erdverankerungen gegen Umkippen gesichert. Eine Besonderheit bildeten die abschließenden Arbeiten zur Wiederherstellung des eingestürzten Gewölbestollens.

Rehabilitation of the lower historic town wall of Hildburghausen – Structural safeguarding and stone restoration. In February 2009 there was a partial collapse of 10 m length of the historic town wall Hildburghausen. As a consequence of the collapse the rehabilitation of an extended area was decided. This included the structural safeguarding and stone restoration of a 100 m long section of the wall façade. The paper describes the masonry reconstructions done in the collapsed area as well as in further sections that were in danger of collapsing. Almost the whole 5 m high wall was secured against tilting by means of soil anchoring. A special feature were the final works of recovering the collapsed tunnel vault.
Erhalt eines historischen Mauerziegelgewölbes aus dem 16. Jahrhundert
Authors: Dominik Axel , Koch Sabine
Published: August 2013

Viele Gebäude müssen im Zuge von Erhaltungs‐ und Umnutzungsmaßnahmen z. B. mit Stahlbauteilen konstruktiv gesichert und verstärkt werden. Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass solche Stahlbauteile oft den vom Tragwerkplaner vorgegebenen Spannungszustand nicht aufrechterhalten können. Darüber hinaus können u. a. temperaturbedingte oder sonstige dynamische Beanspruchungen zu extremen Spannungsspitzen im lasteinleitenden Bereich führen. An einer Kirche im Rheinland sind aus diesem Grunde an zur Sicherung des Gewölbemauerwerkes nachträglich eingebauten Spannankern zusätzlich neu entwickelte Spannkraftregler eingebaut und über einen längeren Zeitraum hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung untersucht worden.

Preservation of a historical brick vault from the 16th century by means of load reducing, capacity raising and tension regulating measures. In the course of conservation and conversion measures many buildings have to be secured and reinforced structurally e.g. with steelwork components. Research has shown that such steelwork components often cannot maintain the structural engineer's stress state target. Furthermore, temperature related or other dynamic loads can lead among others to extreme stress peaks in the loadbearing area. This is the reason why newly developed tensioning force controllers were additionally installed on tensioning anchors retrofitted to secure the vaulting masonry at a church in the Rhineland and the effect was evaluated over an extended period.
Wärmedämmverbundsysteme mit Klinkerriemchen
Authors: Altaha Nasser
Published: August 2013

Mit dem kontinuierlichen Anstieg der Außenwanddämmung mit Wärmedämmverbundsystemen (WDVS) hat sich auch das Problem des Algen‐ und Pilzbefalls an Fassaden in den vergangen Jahren weiter verschärft. Die bisherigen Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen aber auch, dass sich keine Algen und Pilze an der Fassade ansiedeln können, wenn keramische Klinkerriemchen statt Putz als Abschlussschicht von WDVS verwendet werden. Im Rahmen eines im Frühjahr 2013 abgeschlossenen Forschungsvorhabens beim Fraunhofer‐Institut für Bauphysik in Holzkirchen (IBP) wurde daher der Frage nachgegangen, warum Wärmedämmverbundsysteme mit einer Deckschicht aus Klinkerriemchen im Gegensatz zu den Standardputzsystemen algenresistent sind.

External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) with Clinker Tiles, façades free of biocide without risks of algal and fungal attacks. The constant increase of using ETICS is accompanied by a worsening of the problem with algal and fungal attacks. However previous execution examples show that alga and fungus cannot grow if ceramic clinker tiles instead of plasters are used as final layer. In spring 2013 a research project at the Fraunhofer Institut for building physics in Holzkirchen finished investigating the reasons.
Spatial and temporal changes in bird assemblages in forest fragments in an eastern Amazonian savannah
Authors: Cintra Renato , Magnusson William E. , Albernaz Ana
Published: August 2013

We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on bird assemblages in an Amazonian savannah landscape with forest fragments that have been isolated for more than 100 years. The study was conducted in areas surrounding the village of Alter do Chão (2°31′S, 55°00′W), Santarém, Brazil. Bird surveys and measurements of tree density were undertaken in 25 areas, with 19 plots in forest fragments of different sizes and six in an area of continuous forest. Data on forest‐fragment size, perimeter, and isolation were obtained from a georeferenced satellite image. Variation in number of bird species recorded per plot was not related to vegetation structure (tree density). The number of bird species recorded per plot increased significantly only with fragment area, but was not influenced by fragment shape or degree of isolation, even when considering species from the savannah matrix in the analysis. Fragments had fewer rare species. Multivariate ordination analyses (multiple dimensional scaling, [MDS]) indicated that bird species composition changed along a gradient from small to large forest fragments and continuous‐forest areas. In the Amazonian savannah landscapes of Alter do Chão, the organization and composition of bird assemblages in forest fragments are affected by local long‐term forest‐fragmentation processes. Differences in the number of bird species recorded per plot and assemblage composition between forest fragments and continuous forest were not influenced by forest structure, suggesting that the observed patterns in species composition result from the effects of fragmentation per se rather than from preexisting differences in vegetation structure between sites. Nevertheless, despite their long history of isolation, the forest fragments still preserve a large proportion (on average 80%) of the avifauna found in continuous‐forest areas. The fragments at Alter do Chão are surrounded by natural (rather than planted) grassland, with many trees in the savannah matrix and the landscape has vast areas covered by forest, which may have helped to ameliorate the influences of forest fragmentation.
Tropical rain forest conservation and the twin challenges of diversity and rarity
Authors: Hubbell Stephen P.
Published: August 2013

Data from a global network of large, permanent plots in lowland tropical forests demonstrate (1) that the phenomenon of tropical tree rarity is real and (2) that almost all the species diversity in such forests is due to rare species. Theoretical and empirically based reasoning suggests that many of these rare species are not as geographically widespread as previously thought. These findings suggest that successful strategies for conserving global tree diversity in lowland tropical forests must pay much more attention to the biogeography of rarity, as well as to the impact of climate change on the distribution and abundance of rare species. Because the biogeography of many tropical tree species is poorly known, a high priority should be given to documenting the distribution and abundance of rare tropical tree species, particularly in Amazonia, the largest remaining tropical forested region in the world.
Ecomorphological disparity in an adaptive radiation: opercular bone shape and stable isotopes inAntarctic icefishes
Authors: Wilson Laura A. B. , Colombo Marco , Hanel Reinhold , Salzburger Walter , Sánchez‐Villagra Marcelo R.
Published: August 2013

To assess how ecological and morphological disparity is interrelated in the adaptive radiation of Antarctic notothenioid fish we used patterns of opercle bone evolution as a model to quantify shape disparity, phylogenetic patterns of shape evolution, and ecological correlates in the form of stable isotope values. Using a sample of 25 species including representatives from four major notothenioid clades, we show that opercle shape disparity is higher in the modern fauna than would be expected under the neutral evolution Brownian motion model. Phylogenetic comparative methods indicate that opercle shape data best fit a model of directional selection (Ornstein–Uhlenbeck) and are least supported by the “early burst” model of adaptive radiation. The main evolutionary axis of opercle shape change reflects movement from a broad and more symmetrically tapered opercle to one that narrows along the distal margin, but with only slight shape change on the proximal margin. We find a trend in opercle shape change along the benthic–pelagic axis, underlining the importance of this axis for diversification in the notothenioid radiation. A major impetus for the study of adaptive radiations is to uncover generalized patterns among different groups, and the evolutionary patterns in opercle shape among notothenioids are similar to those found among other adaptive radiations (three‐spined sticklebacks) promoting the utility of this approach for assessing ecomorphological interactions on a broad scale.
Distinct subspecies or phenotypic plasticity? Genetic and morphological differentiation of mountain honey bees in East Africa
Authors: Gruber Karl , Schöning Caspar , Otte Marianne , Kinuthia Wanja , Hasselmann Martin
Published: August 2013

Identifying the forces shaping intraspecific phenotypic and genotypic divergence are of key importance in evolutionary biology. Phenotypic divergence may result from local adaptation or, especially in species with strong gene flow, from pronounced phenotypic plasticity. Here, we examine morphological and genetic divergence among populations of the western honey beeApis melliferain the topographically heterogeneous East African region. The currently accepted “mountain refugia hypothesis” states that populations living in disjunct montane forests belong to a different lineage than those in savanna habitats surrounding these forests. We obtained microsatellite data, mitochondrial sequences, and morphometric data from worker honey bees collected from feral colonies in three montane forests and corresponding neighboring savanna regions in Kenya. Honey bee colonies from montane forests showed distinct worker morphology compared with colonies in savanna areas. Mitochondrial sequence data did not support the existence of the two currently accepted subspecies. Furthermore, analyses of the microsatellite data with a Bayesian clustering method did not support the existence of two source populations as it would be expected under the mountain refugia scenario. Our findings suggest that phenotypic plasticity rather than distinct ancestry is the leading cause behind the phenotypic divergence observed between montane forest and savanna honey bees. Our study thus corroborates the idea that high gene flow may select for increased plasticity.
A Stochastic Counting MEMS Sensor Using White Noise Oscillation for a High‐Temperature Environment
Authors: Hatakeyama Yohei , Esashi Masayoshi , Tanaka Shuji
Published: August 2013

This paper describes a stochastic counting MEMS sensor that can be used in low‐S/N environments such as high‐temperature plants. A mass that vibrates between two counterelectrodes due to white voltage noise is “pulled‐in” to either of the electrodes by the application of a pulse voltage to the mass. The direction of pull‐in is stochastic, and the probability that the mass is pulled‐in to a particular side depends on mechanical strain applied to the sensor structure. This sensing principle was confirmed by simulation, and the sensor was prototyped using an SOI wafer. Based on our experiment, the probability of pull‐in to a particular side was tuned using a bias voltage applied to the counterelectrodes, as predicted by simulation. When the frequency of the pulse voltage for pull‐in increases, the behavior of the sensor looks random as it is not intended, because the mass is pulled‐in during damping vibration after being released from the previous pull‐in. This limits the sensing speed, but strain sensing is possible by just counting the number of pull‐ins to a particular side, which is easy even in low‐S/N environments. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(9): 62–70, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10400
Effects of Music on Image Impression and Relationship between Impression and Physical Properties
Authors: Sato Keiko , Mitsukura Yasue
Published: August 2013

Auditory information plays an integral role in AV media because even identical images are perceived differently when they are matched with different music. However, we now present the results of experiments in which the changes in subjective perceptions were analyzed on the basis of the physical properties of the perceived items. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of music on image impressions in terms of the physical properties of images. In this paper, we first elucidate the changes in subjective impressions when the image is presented by itself and when it is presented with music. Second, to clarify the relationship between the impressions of images or music and the physical properties, we compare the different image or music perceptions with each other and also compare their respective physical properties, which include color information, structural information, and frequency characteristics. The color information of an image containing green or saturation colors and the power of the music are found to be strongly correlated with adjectives expressing potency and activity. The entropy of saturation is found to be correlated with words expressing spatial extent. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(9): 53–61, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11371
Analysis of the Effect of Dataset Differences on Object Recognition: The Case of Recognition Methods Based on Exact Matching of Feature Vectors
Authors: Inoue Katsufumi , Kise Koichi
Published: August 2013

Specific object recognition methods based on the exact matching of feature vectors are known as methods that can achieve high recognition performance for large‐scale three‐dimensional specific object recognition. Since there are few common three‐dimensional object datasets whose size is sufficient to explore the effect of differences in object dataset composition and the effect of increasing number of objects for recognition, these effects for specific object recognition methods based on exact matching of feature vectors have been discussed insufficiently. The number of objects in well‐known datasets (e.g., COIL‐100) is around 100. Therefore, in this research, we prepared a dataset of 1002 three‐dimensional objects by themselves. In this paper, we discuss the effect of dataset differences, which are based on object structure, texture, and the number of objects, for methods such as that based on the Bloomier filter and that based on a hash table with this dataset in addition to COIL‐100. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(9): 33–45, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11414
Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Aluminum‐Bridged Cobalt Diglyoximate Complexes
Authors: Kelley Paul , Day Michael W. , Agapie Theodor
Published: August 2013

Invited for the front cover of the Cluster Issue on Small‐Molecule Activation by Reactive Metal Complexes is the group of Theodor Agapie at Caltech. The cover image shows the core of the crystal structure of an aluminum‐bridged cobalt diglyoximate catalyst for hydrogen evolution.
Synthetic Studies of Kinamycin Antibiotics: Stereoselective Synthesis of the Highly Oxygenated D‐Ring and Construction of the ABD‐Ring System of Kinamycins
Authors: Ouzouni Maria‐Dimitra , Fokas Demosthenes
Published: August 2013

A concise and stereoselective synthesis of the highly oxygenated D‐ring of the kinamycin family of antitumor antibiotics was achieved from commercially available 3‐methyl‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one. The key steps included a regioselective isomerization of a cis‐epoxy alcohol, a regioselective reductive ring opening of a benzylidene ketal, and a stereoselective α‐hydroxy‐directed ketone reduction. The Ullmann coupling between a bromonaphthaldehyde AB‐ring fragment and an α‐iodocyclohexenone, which is a versatile D‐ring precursor, effected the construction of the functionalized ABD‐ring system that may provide access to kinamycin F and its structural analogues.
Resin adsorption application for product separation and catalyst recycling in coupled enzymatic catalysis to produce 1,3‐propanediol and dihydroxyacetone for repeated batch
Authors: Peng Yi‐Qiang , Wang Shi‐Zhen , Lan Ling , Chen Wei , Fang Bai‐Shan
Published: August 2013

Glycerol can be converted to 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PD) and dihydroxyacetone (DHA) simultaneously by coupled enzymatic catalysis reaction with in situ cofactor regeneration. However, traditional separation methods for product extraction and catalyst (enzyme and cofactor) recycling had some drawbacks for the repeated‐batch enzymatic catalysis reaction. In this work, a new separation method based on resin adsorption was investigated and applied in the repeated‐batch enzymatic catalysis reaction for the simultaneous production of 1,3‐PD and DHA from glycerol. A type of resin, DA201, which adsorbed much more products (adsorption amount > 260 mg/g resin) than enzymes and cofactor (adsorption amount < 16 mg/g resin), was screened out and applied as an adsorbent of products. The coupled enzymatic system was actually sustained for 10 h before and after resin adsorption. The total turnover number for cofactor was 121 and the total productivity of 1,3‐PD and DHA was 0.24 g/L/h. A new method of product separation and catalyst recycling based on resin adsorption was successfully developed and could be applied in the coupled enzymatic catalysis for the production of valuable chemicals in industry.
Pyrolytic Biodiesel Production by Vacuum Pyrolysis of Fatty‐Acid Residue as Plant‐Oil Asphalt
Authors: Tang Qiang , Zheng Yanyan , Wang Jinfu
Published: August 2013

Fatty‐acid residue as plant oil asphalt (FA‐POA) is a neglected biomass. The main objectives of this study were to identify the composition of FA‐POA and to investigate the vacuum pyrolysis of FA‐POA to synthesize liquid biofuel. Proximate and ultimate analysis of FA‐POA was performed. The physical properties were also examined according to ASTM standards. The composition of FA‐POA was inferred from FTIR spectra and thermal gravimetric analysis. GC–MS was conducted to determine the composition in the pyrolytic oil and biogas. Results showed that FA‐POA is a polymerization product of fatty acids. It is formed by the combination of CC addition or association and carboxyl dehydration. In vacuum pyrolysis, a pyrolytic‐oil yield of 71 wt % was achieved on a FA‐POA basis. The pyroltyic oil mainly consists of fatty acids, paraffins, cycloparaffins, olefins, and aromatics. It was upgraded to pyrolytic biodiesel, which is characterized as having a high calorific value and moderate oxygen content. A pyrolysis reaction scheme of FA‐POA was proposed from the experimental results. It is concluded that FA‐POA is an attractive biomass source for liquid biofuels, chemicals, and biochar.
An experimental investigation of the effect of a justice violation on pain experience and expression among individuals with high and low just world beliefs
Authors: Trost Z. , Scott W. , Lange J.M. , Manganelli L. , Bernier E. , Sullivan M.J.
Published: August 2013

Background

Perceptions of injustice are linked with poorer physical and psychological outcomes in the context of pain and injury. Violations of injustice can arise out of violations of just world belief (JWB). However, no study has yet examined whether JWB moderates the effect of justice violation on pain experience.

Methods

The current study examined the effect of an experimental justice violation on acute pain outcomes and whether JWB moderated this effect. Participants completed the JWB scale and then engaged in two cold pressor tasks (CPT). Half the participants were told that the second CPT immersion was part of standard protocol; the other half were told that the painful procedure had to be repeated due to experimenter negligence. Participants provided report of pain intensity following each CPT immersion. Video records of participants undergoing the CPT were coded for presence and duration of pain behaviour.

Results

Exposure to the justice violation resulted in elevated pain intensity from the first to the second immersion only among participants with high JWB. For participants with low JWB and participants in the control condition, there was no significant difference in pain intensity across immersions. Control participants showed a decrease in pain behaviour from the first to the second immersion. In the negligence/ justice violation condition, reductions in pain behaviour were observed only among participants with low JWB.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that individuals with high JWB may show particularly adverse reactions in response to justice violations in the context of acute pain experience.
Heart rate variability and experimentally induced pain in healthy adults: A systematic review
Authors: Koenig J. , Jarczok M.N. , Ellis R.J. , Hillecke T.K. , Thayer J.F.
Published: August 2013

Background

Reactivity of the autonomic nervous system to experimental pain stimuli has been extensively studied using measures of heart rate and blood pressure. Heart rate variability (HRV) attempts to tease out the relative contributions of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in the autonomic control of the heart and may therefore be more appropriate to investigate autonomic response to short‐term nociceptive stimulation in detail. The current evidence on HRV and experimentally induced pain has not yet been synthesized within a systematic review.

Method

English articles indexed in PubMed, EMBASE, Psyndex, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were reviewed for eligibility under pre‐specified inclusion criteria. Studies were included when they reported empirical work on autonomic response (specifically, HRV) to experimentally induced pain in healthy adults. The method of pain induction, the methodological features of HRV analysis (time domain and frequency domain measures), as well as pain and HRV‐related findings were derived from the studies.

Results

The search revealed a total of 20 publications eligible for inclusion. Key results demonstrate an increase in sympathetic‐baroreflex activity and a decrease in vagal‐parasympathetic activity as reflected by changes in frequency domain measures of HRV.

Conclusion

HRV has several advantages compared to other measures of autonomic reactivity in studies investigating physiological response to nociceptive stimulation. Future studies should focus on comparisons between different methods of pain induction, interindividual variability in pain sensitivity by baseline autonomic activity, and the implications of both on the use of HRV within routine clinical evaluations.
Underlying the Mechanism of Vancomycin and Human Serum Albumin Interaction: A Biophysical Study
Authors: Wu Junlong , Wei Rong , Wang Huirui , Li Tong , Ren Weihua
Published: August 2013

In the present study, the binding mechanism of vancomycin with human serum albumin (HSA) was determined. Upon addition of vancomycin to HSA, the fluorescence emission was quenched and the binding constant of vancomycin with HSA was found to be 6.05 × 103 M−1 at 295 K, which corresponds to –2.16 × 104 J·mol−1 of free energy. The conformation of HSA was altered upon binding of vancomycin with a decrease in α helix and an increase in β sheets and random coils, suggesting partial unfolding of the secondary structure. Molecular docking experiments found that vancomycin binds strongly with HSA at the hydrophobic pocket through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. An average binding distance of 4.71 nm has been determined on the basis of the Förster resonance energy theory. It was demonstrated that vancomycin binding to HSA causes protein structural changes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:463‐470, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21511
Ultra high performance liquid chromatography with ion‐trap TOF‐MS for the fast characterization of flavonoids in Citrus bergamia juice
Authors: Sommella Eduardo , Pepe Giacomo , Pagano Francesco , Tenore Gian Carlo , Dugo Paola , Manfra Michele , Campiglia Pietro
Published: August 2013

We have developed a fast ultra HPLC with ion‐trap TOF‐MS method for the analysis of flavonoids in Citrus bergamia juice. With respect to the typical methods for the analysis of these matrices based on conventional HPLC techniques, a tenfold faster separation was attained. The use of a core–shell particle column ensured high resolution within the fast analysis time of only 5 min. Unambiguous determination of flavonoid identity was obtained by the employment of a hybrid ion‐trap TOF mass spectrometer with high mass accuracy (average error 1.69 ppm). The system showed good retention time and peak area repeatability, with maximum RSD% values of 0.36 and 3.86, respectively, as well as good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99). Our results show that ultra HPLC can be a useful tool for ultra fast qualitative/quantitative analysis of flavonoid compounds in citrus fruit juices.
RAFT Controlled Synthesis of Biodegradable Polymer Brushes on Graphene for DNA Binding and Release
Authors: Liu Jixian , Liu Zhen , Luo Xiong , Zong Xidan , Liu Jingquan
Published: August 2013

The preparation of biodegradable and positively charged graphene–polymer nanocomposite for DNA uptake and release is presented. A pyrene‐terminated poly(2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate) is firstly synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, followed by the attachment onto the graphene surface via the π–π stacking interaction. The positively charged polymer brushes benefit the uptake of the negatively charged DNA fragment via static interaction and the built‐in disulfide linkage between the polymer chain and graphene surface allows the biodegradable release of DNA in the presence of reducing agents. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy manifests the binding of DNA molecules to the polymer chains and agarose gel electrophoresis confirms the release of DNA.

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Determination of Poly(4,4′‐diphenylsulfonyl terephthalamide) Crystalline Structure Via WAXD and Molecular Simulations
Authors: Zhang Yumei , Wang Huaping , Chen Shenghui , Wang Xiaofeng , Fang Dufei , Burger Christian , Che Justin , Li Xiaowei , Hsiao Benjamin S.
Published: August 2013

The crystal structure of poly(4,4′‐diphenylsulfonyl terephthalamide) (pt‐PSA) is studied by X‐ray diffraction and molecular simulation. Although the number of observed reflections is limited to warrant a precise determination of the unit cell structure and symmetry, a reasonable monoclinic unit cell is suggested with dimensions of a = 0.645 nm, b = 0.488 nm, c = 3.010 nm, and γ = 122.5°. A twofold molecule with two monomeric units forming a large zigzag conformation satisfies the X‐ray diffraction data. A layer structure is formed in the crystal phase, which is stabilized by the hydrogen bond between NH and CO and the parallel‐displaced π–π stacking from the distortional coplanarity of the benzene rings and amide group.

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Controlled Drug Release from Weakly Crosslinked Molecularly Imprinted Networks: The Benefit of Living Radical Polymerization
Authors: Salian Vishal D. , Byrne Mark E.
Published: August 2013

This work focuses on the complex relationship between molecularly imprinted polymer network formation, network structure, and composition, and template binding and transport. A comprehensive study of template binding and transport is performed using two different reaction schemes (living radical polymerization and conventional free radical polymerization) while altering template concentration, functional monomer concentration, solvent content, crosslinking monomer length, and extent of crosslinking. Imprinted poly(HEMA‐co‐DEAEM‐co‐PEG200DMA) networks prepared by living radical polymerization (LRP) exhibit enhanced molecular imprinting and have significantly higher template binding affinities (≈2×), higher binding capacities (≈2.3×), slower template release, and lower template diffusion coefficients (1/2×) compared with imprinted polymers prepared via free radical polymerization (FRP) with statistically similar parameters for non‐imprinted polymers. A synergistic effect between LRP and molecular imprinting is demonstrated. LRP has a profound structural effect on the network leading to reduced free volume and/or increased homogeneity in the mesh structure leading to enhanced macromolecular memory. In addition, by altering reaction parameters, like template and monomer concentrations, the template binding and release characteristics can be tuned. By using an LRP reaction scheme, improved control over release can be achieved enhancing the role the molecular imprinting technique can make in the design and engineering of novel drug delivery materials.

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Red‐Light‐Induced Cationic Photopolymerization: Perylene Derivatives as Efficient Photoinitiators
Authors: Xiao Pu , Dumur Frédéric , Graff Bernadette , Gigmes Didier , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Lalevée Jacques
Published: August 2013

Nine different perylene derivatives are prepared and their ability to initiate, when combined with an iodonium salt (and optionally N‐vinylcarbazole), a ring‐opening cationic photopolymerization of epoxides under very soft halogen lamp irradiation is investigated. One of them is particularly efficient under a red laser diode exposure at 635 nm and belongs now to the very few systems available at this wavelength. The photochemical mechanisms are studied by steady‐state photolysis, electron spin resonance spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and laser flash photolysis techniques.

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Polydiacetylene‐Peptide 1D Nanomaterials
Authors: Diegelmann Stephen R. , Tovar John D.
Published: August 2013

Polydiacetylenes have received intense attention on account of their well‐established chromic alterations that are detectable often by the naked eye, making them ideal for a variety of applications such as biosensory materials. These polymers have been fabricated in a variety of materials platforms including 3D crystals, 2D monolayers, and 0D spherical vesicles; however, 1D morphologies that might be useful for directional energy migration are less common. This article describes the development and current research efforts of protein‐based 1D nanowire‐like supramolecular assemblies with embedded polydiacetylenes.

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Sigma‐2 Receptor Ligands and Their Perspectives in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Huang Yun‐Sheng , Lu He‐Lin , Zhang Lang‐Jun , Wu Zongwen
Published: August 2013

The sigma‐2 receptor is highly expressed in various rapidly proliferating cancer cells and regarded as a cancer cell biomarker. Selective sigma‐2 ligands have been shown to specifically label the tumor sites, induce cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, and inhibit tumor growth. Sigma‐2 ligands are potentially useful as cancer diagnostics, anticancer therapeutics, or adjuvant anticancer treatment agents. However, both the cloning of this receptor and the identification of its endogenous ligand have not been successful, and the lack of structural information has severely hindered the understanding of its physiological roles, its signaling pathways, and the development of more selective sigma‐2 ligands. Recent data have implicated that sigma‐2 binding sites are within the lipid rafts and that PGRMC1 (progesterone receptor membrane component 1) complex and sigma‐2 receptor may be coupled with EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), caspases, and ion channels. Due to its promising applications in cancer management, there are rapidly increasing research efforts that are being directed into this field. This review article updates the current understanding of sigma‐2 receptor and its potential physiological roles, applications, interaction with other effectors, with special focuses on the development of sigma‐2 ligands, their chemical structures, pharmacological profiles, applications in imaging and anticancer therapy.
Modeling Complexes of Transmembrane Proteins: Systematic Analysis of ProteinProtein Docking Tools
Authors: Kaczor Agnieszka A. , Selent Jana , Sanz Ferran , Pastor Manuel
Published: August 2013

Proteinprotein docking methodology is frequently used to model complexes of transmembrane proteins, in particular oligomers of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), even if its applicability for these systems has never been fully validated. The aim of this work is to perform a systematic study on the suitability of some widely‐used proteinprotein docking software for modeling complexes of transmembrane proteins. In this study we tested the programs ZDOCK, ClusPro, HEX, GRAMM‐X, PatchDock, SymmDock, and HADDOCK, using a set of membrane protein oligomers for which the 3D structure has been obtained experimentally, including opsin dimer, the recently published chemokine CXCR4 and kappa opioid receptor dimers. The results show that the docking success depends on the applied docking algorithm and scoring functions, but also on inherent structural features of the transmembrane proteins. Thus, proteins with large interface surfaces, rich in surface cavities, high‐order symmetry, and small conformational change upon complex formation are well predicted more often than proteins without these features. The results of this systematic analysis provide guidelines that can be used for obtaining reliable models of transmembrane proteins, including GPCRs. Therefore they can be useful for the application of structure‐based methods in drug discovery projects involving these targets.
Effective slip law for general viscous flows over an oscillating surface
Authors: Mikelić Andro , Nečasová Šárka , Neuss‐Radu Maria
Published: August 2013

We consider the non‐stationary three‐dimensional viscous flow in a bounded domain, with the lateral surface containing microscopic surface irregularities. Under the assumption of a smooth flow in the domain without roughness, we prove that there is a smooth solution to a problem with the rough boundary. In the papers by Jäger and Mikelić, the friction law was obtained as a perturbation of the Poiseuille flows. Here, the situation is more complicated. Nevertheless, after studying the corresponding boundary layers and using the results on solenoidal vector fields in domains with rough boundaries, we obtain rigorously the Navier friction condition. It is valid when the size and amplitude of the imperfections tend to zero. Furthermore, the friction matrix in the law is determined through a family of auxiliary boundary‐layer type problems. Effective equations approximate velocity at order O (ε) in the H1‐norm, uniformly in time, and O(ε3 ∕ 2) in the L2‐norm, also uniformly in time. Approximation for the pressure is O(ε3 ∕ 2) in the ‐norm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Mechanisms of Detachment of Mushroom‐Shaped Micro‐Pillars: From Defect Propagation to Membrane Peeling
Authors: Afferrante Luciano , Carbone Giuseppe
Published: August 2013

The detachment mechanisms of adhesive micro‐structured surfaces based on mushroom‐shaped micro‐pillars are analyzed. The detachment of a single mushroom shaped pillar takes place as a consequence of destabilization of an interfacial void whose size increases following a crack‐like propagation process. When the radius of the crack exceeds the pillar radius, the detachment process enters the so‐called plate regime governed by bending effect in the plate. This regime is strongly unstable and characterized by strong reduction of adhesion strength. As the crack moves further, membrane stresses in the plate become dominant and the detachment process enters the so called membrane regime, which resembles the peeling of an axisymmetric membrane. During this process the peeling line linearly increases with the radius of the crack, thus leading to an almost proportional increase of the strength of adhesion.
Automatically inf − sup compliant diamond‐mixed finite elements for Kirchhoff plates
Authors: Perotti L.E. , Bompadre A. , Ortiz M.
Published: August 2013

We develop a mixed finite‐element approximation scheme for Kirchhoff plate theory based on the reformulation of Kirchhoff plate theory of Ortiz and Morris [1]. In this reformulation the moment‐equilibrium problem for the rotations is in direct analogy to the problem of incompressible two‐dimensional elasticity. This analogy in turn opens the way for the application of diamond approximation schemes (Hauret et al. [2]) to Kirchhoff plate theory. We show that a special class of meshes derived from an arbitrary triangulation of the domain, the diamond meshes, results in the automatic satisfaction of the corresponding inf − sup condition for Kirchhoff plate theory. The attendant optimal convergence properties of the diamond approximation scheme are demonstrated by means of the several standard benchmark tests. We also provide a reinterpretation of the diamond approximation scheme for Kirchhoff plate theory within the framework of discrete mechanics. In this interpretation, the discrete moment‐equilibrium problem is formally identical to the classical continuous problem, and the two differ only in the choice of differential structures. It also follows that the satisfaction of the inf − sup condition is a property of the cohomology of a certain discrete transverse differential complex. This close connection between the classical inf − sup condition and cohomology evinces the important role that the topology of the discretization plays in determining convergence in mixed problems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.