bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of fractal analysis to assess the influence of electrospark alloying on the durability indicators of hydraulic hammer parts
Authors: Hlushkova Diana , Volchuk Volodymyr
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Statement of the problem. In order to increase the wear resistance and fatigue strength of the material of hydraulic hammer parts, it is not always advisable to change the traditional technology of manufacturing the part and, in particular, the methods of its heat treatment. Different types of finishing are applied only specifically to the given product. In some cases, it is worth applying surface strengthening of the product. Purpose and problem statement. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the impact of electrospark alloying on the durability indicators of hydraulic hammer parts. In order to achieve the set goal, it is necessary to: develop modes of electrospark alloying; conduct an analysis of the location of damage zones and their nature on parts strengthened by electrospark alloying, identical to those observed on tested parts manufactured without additional strengthening and with the use of LTO; Apply fractal analysis to evaluate the impact of electrospark alloying on the durability indicators of hydraulic hammer parts. Research material and methods. All details were strengthened by electrospark alloying with tungsten. The power of the processing current was 1 kW. The peak, in addition to strengthening with tungsten, was additionally processed by electrospark alloying with chromium at a current of 1.5 kW. The surfaces processed by electrospark alloying were ground to obtain the roughness of the strengthened surfaces of parts R and 04–08. Experimental results and their discussion. During the micro-examination of areas strengthened by electrospark alloying, which are outside the load zone during the test, it was established that the areas strengthened by electrospark alloying on the body and sleeve have a thickness of 10–40 μm and a hardness of Н V 600–650. On the strikers, the initial thickness of the hardened layer is 20 μm with a hardness of НV 600–650. The strengthened zones in the cross-section have the appearance of arc-shaped, embedded surface layers of metal parts, phases. There are no structural changes under this zone in the main metal. Conclusions. The results of tests of parts strengthened by electrospark alloying show that the wear resistance of the parts is increased by 1.3 times compared to the original state of the parts. Fractal models were obtained, which can be interpreted as a knowledge base for monitoring the strength indicators of the striker body, which allow monitoring its residual resource during operation. It was established that the strength indicators increase when the fractal dimension of the sorbite component increases, since it has better strength indicators compared to the original ferrite-pearlite structure. Indicators of pairwise correlation coefficients of the obtained models are fixed in the interval of values 0.6779...0.9254.
Energy features of friction thermomechanical handling (FTMH) of steel products and the effect on the state of their surface structure
Authors: Volkov Oleh , Kraievska Zhanna
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Problem. The article deals with the influence of energy and power characteristics of frictional thermomechanical handling of steel products (FTMH) on the state of their surface. Goal. The goal of this work is to study the relationship between the energy and power parameters of steel FTMР and the strengthening result. Methodology. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: fabrication of samples from 65G steel, preliminary hardening heat treatment of samples, hardening of the working surface of samples using FTMO, measurement of the components of the cutting force arising from FTMO using a dynamometer, analysis of the microstructure and microhardness of each sample, comparison of the microstructure, microhardness, and depth of hardening of the experimental samples, conclusions regarding the relationship between the effectiveness of hardening of samples during processing and the energy and power parameters of FTMH. Results. Changes in the structures and properties of samples made of steel, which is used for products requiring a hard and wearresistant surface under the influence of processing to form surfaces with altered properties, are shown. Originality. Measurements of the machining process at FTMH using a dynamometer were carried out and the circumferential (circular) cutting (machining) force was calculated, which made it possible to construct graphical dependencies that allow characterizing the surface hardening taking into account the thickness of the disk. It is shown that the microhardness of the surface of the prototypes was increased to 1300 kg/mm2, which is equivalent to 13000 MPa. Practical value. Recommendations on the optimal thickness of the hardening disk have been made, taking into account the results obtained. The research results can be used in production and research.
Determining the required amount of added solvent (H2O) to obtain a given electrolyte density
Authors: Zipunnikov Mykola Mykolayovych , Vnukova Natalia Volodymyrivna , Kotenko Anatolii Leonidovych
Published: November 2024

Problem. The article proposes a method for determining the required amount of water that must be added to obtain a given density of the electrolyte. Goal. The method of calculating the volume and mass of water necessary for diluting the electrolyte solution to a given density is considered. Methodology. This calculation allows, if necessary, to check the obtained results of measurements of the concentration of the electrolyte and to calculate the given density of the electrolyte taking into account the addition of the solvent (H2O). With periodic dosed replenishment of water consumed from the electrolyte, the electrolysis process occurs at a variable concentration of alkali in the electrolyte. Results. The proposed dependencies and the calculation method developed on their basis make it possible to increase the efficiency of the electrolysis process by reducing energy costs due to ensuring optimal specific conductivity of the electrolyte at a variable concentration of alkali. Originality. The resulting calculation dependence allows both during the development and operation of operating alkaline electrolyzers to calculate the current concentration and the range of changes in the concentration of alkali in the electrolyte. Practical value. The application of the obtained dependence for alkaline electrolyzers with periodic replenishment of feed water and for developed operating electrolyzers allows to analyze the nature of changes in the specific electrical conductivity of the electrolyte, i.e. evaluate the efficiency of the electrolysis process.
Uterine cysts in mares
Authors: Pushkina V. , Korochkina E.
Published: November 2024

This work is aimed at studying the etiology, prevalence, diagnosis, treatment of uterine cysts and their difference from the embryo during ultrasound examination. Endometrial cysts are often the cause of infertility and indicate pathological changes in the uterus, occurring in older mares. There are two types of uterine cysts: endometrial glandular cysts and lymphatic lacunar cysts. Endometrial cysts are usually smaller than lymphatic cysts located in the endometrium and are composed of endometrial glands. Lymphatic cysts cause obstruction of the lymphatic channels and appear as single or multilobular structures. Cysts can result from chronic degenerative changes in the endometrium and their clinical significance varies. For example, in terms of fertility, their influence is related to size, conditioning, content and location in the uterus. The presence of small cysts often indicates matte structures. In addition, larger or more active cysts have an impact on the course of pregnancy. Single large or small cysts can lead to embryonic pregnancy failure, which is the most difficult recognition of maternal pregnancy. Careful testing methods can effectively monitor the mare's condition and ensure the prospects for a successful pregnancy. This pathology is diagnosed using rectal and ultrasound examinations. There are many treatment options: they can be removed by surgery, hysteroscopic biopsy forceps, snare, laser (diode, CO2 or Nd/YAG laser), electrocoagulation or injection of 70 % ethanol (sclerotherapy method). But unfortunately, many cysts are prone to relapse. Sometimes the presence of cysts can interfere with the diagnosis of pregnancy or lead to an erroneous diagnosis of “multiple pregnancy”, since cysts under ultrasound exposure appear as filling fluid structures in the endometrial lumen. For this reason, it is important to be able to diagnose, predict consequences and treatment options in the mare.
Comparative assessment of the most important markers of equine myopathy in connection with creatine kinase activity
Authors: Vasileva S. , Vasilev R. , Prusakov A. , Golodyaeva M.
Published: November 2024

Purpose: to assess the activity of AST, LDH and HBDH enzymes in relation to different levels of total creatine phosphokinase activity to understand the degree of their diagnostic value in determining the severity of myopathy in horses.

Materials and methods. For the study, statistical processing of a data array of the results of a biochemical study of blood serum from 247 horses was carried out. Taking into account the reference intervals of CPK activity, all results were ranked by increasing creatine phosphokinase activity and divided into four groups. In each group, the average values for AST, LDH and HBDH were calculated, and the degree of significance of intergroup differences was calculated using the Student's t test. The correlation between the activity of the enzymes AST, LDH and HBDH with the activity of CPK in each group was also assessed.

Results. An increase in the activity of creatine phosphokinase in horses by 59,4—409,6 % is accompanied by an increase in the activity of the enzymes AST by 14,5—77,2 %, LDH by 17,8—33,0 % and HBDH by 17,1—27,1 %. When comparing Pearson's correlation coefficients across the entire study sample, a significant direct relationship is determined between CPK and AST and a moderate direct relationship when comparing CPK with LDH and HBDH. Calculation of the Pearson coefficient in each of the studied groups showed different degrees of correlation between the creatine phosphokinase indicator and other enzymes, but in all cases positive. A study of the percentage contribution of HBDH to the total lactate dehydrogenase activity showed an inversely proportional relationship with respect to the activity of creatine phosphokinase, which indicates massive muscle damage with switching energy metabolism in them.

Conclusion. The conducted studies made it possible to more deeply understand the cause-and-effect relationships of changes in the activity of enzymes that are specific to muscle tissue in connection with the severity of myopathy. The data obtained can assist veterinary specialists in analyzing the results of biochemical blood tests in horses.
Productive and morphological features of females and calves of domestic deer of the Evenk and Nenets breeds during the calving period
Authors: Sergeeva O. , Goncharov V. , Filatova S. , Nikitkina E.
Published: November 2024

Purpose: to conduct a comparative description of the productive and morphological characteristics of domestic reindeer of the Nenets and Evenki breeds.

Materials and methods. Study of the morphological, behavioral and reproductive characteristics of domestic reindeer of the Nenets and Evenki breeds, kept in various natural and climatic conditions of the tundra and northern taiga, during the calving and dairy periods. Experimental data were collected from clinically healthy animals. The research was carried out in accordance with the basic methods of zootechnical research (observation, examination). Their gender (visually) and age were determined (using ear tags and animal registration data, and, if necessary, based on the degree of tooth wear); An assessment of the exterior of the reindeer herd was carried out before the rut to select males and females for mating. Methods of visual assessment, linear measurements of animals, and field chronometry of calving were used.

Results. The Evenki breed of deer is distinguished by its large size, height, high load-carrying capacity and endurance when transporting goods and people. It has been established that the dynamics of calving of domestic reindeer of the Evenki breed is identical to the dynamics of calving of Nenets reindeer, but there are some peculiarities. In the tundra zone, calving takes 3—5 days longer, and the initial phase begins (on average) 7-10 days earlier than in the taiga zone. The live weight of Evenki breed calves at birth is 0.8 kg higher than that of Nenets breed calves. The intensity of growth up to 3 months of age is higher in the early, mass and late periods of calving. It has been established that calves of the early calving period exceed in live weight at birth and its growth the calves of the mass period, and those, in turn, exceed the calves of the late calving period. This pattern can be traced up to 6 months of age. Calves of early and mass calving periods, having the potential for rapid growth, find themselves in more favorable nutritional conditions in the first months of life than late calves. This is expressed in the ability to receive green pasture food 15-25 days earlier and be stronger by the time the blood-sucking dipterous insects appear. Early calving Nenets calves are more active at night, since there is still a lot of snow in the tundra zone during this period and the temperature sometimes drops below 0ºC.
MALACOFAUNA AS AN INDICATOR OF CHANGES IN PALAEOENVIRONMENTS DURING LATE NEOPLEISTOCENE AND HOLOCENE OF THE SOUTHERN TRANS-URALS (RUSSIA)
Authors: Danukalova Guzel , Osipova Evgeniya
Published: November 2024

Studies at the Tanalyk archaeological site revealed a complex of molluscs of the late Kudashevо (Ostashkov) period, as well as additional information on the molluscs of the Late Holocene. A total of 24 species, 17 genera of two classes of Gastropoda (22 species) and Bivalvia (2 species) were identified; of these, 1 terrestrial and 3 freshwater species lived in the Holocene, the rest — in the Kudashevo period of the Neopleistocene, where they were represented by 6 terrestrial and 18 freshwater species. According to malacological data, in the area of the Tanalyk locality during the late Kudashevo period of the Late Neopleistocene and in the Holocene there was a small river (Pra-Tanalyk) with a calm current, with quiet silting and overgrown coastal backwaters (sometimes drying up). Constructions based on mollusks are confirmed by lithological and palynological data. Herbaceous vegetation (more moisture-loving and meadow-type — on the high floodplain) grew on the high floodplain and the first floodplain terrace there; rare trees and shrubs, possibly, appeared in Holocene. Thus, the paleoenvironments of the Late Neopleistocene were more xerophytic and of the Holocene were close to the modern ones.

Исследования археологического памятника Таналык выявили комплекс моллюсков конца кудашевского (осташковского) времени, а также дополнительные сведения о моллюсках позднего голоцена. Всего установлены 24 вида, 17 родов двух классов Брюхоногие (22 вида) и Двустворчатые моллюски (2 вида); из них 1 наземный и 3 пресноводных вида обитали в голоцене, остальные — в позднекудашевское время неоплейстоцена, где были представлены 6 наземными и 18 пресноводными видами. По малакологическим данным в районе местонахождения Таналык в конце кудашевского времени позднего неоплейстоцена и в голоцене существовала небольшая речка (Пра-Таналык) со спокойным течением, с тихими заиляющимися и зарастающими прибрежными заводями (иногда пересыхающими). Реконструкции, сделанные по малакологическим материалам, подтверждаются литологическими и палинологическими данными. На высокой пойме и первой надпойменной террасе произрастала травянистая растительность (более влаголюбивая и лугового типа — на высокой пойме) и, возможно, в голоцене появились редкие деревья и кустарники. Таким образом, палеообстановки позднего неоплейстоцена были более ксерофитными, а голоцена — близки к современным.
CALCIFICATION IN CARBONATE DEPOSITS OF THE UPPER FAMEN STAGE IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN PART OF THE EAST ORENBURG ARCH-SHAPED UPLIFT
Authors: Sagdeeva Nuriya Sabirovna
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the features of calcification development in carbonate deposits of the Upper Famen stage of the fenestral lithotype within the south-western part of the East Orenburg arch-shaped uplift. Calcification is developed mainly in layered fenestration microbioliths and is represented by block calcite. There is also a separate type of calcification — croustification. This process is common, reducing the capacitance properties of rocks. According to literature sources and lithological studies of the core material of several wells, calcification depends on a complex of factors such as sedimentation rate, structural complexity of sediments, hydrodynamic activity, frequency of drainage and the presence of organogenic films. Since the shallow water conditions of the sedimentation basin are favorable for the development of a wide range of groups of organisms, primarily microbes, calcification is often closely interrelated with the vital activity of organisms. The biological control of calcification in the core is indicated by characteristic laminar, wavy micrite interlayers (microbialites) and an abundance of clumps of calcareous algae, well observed at the microscopic level. Thus, calcification is a typical post-sedimentation process for carbonate deposits of the Upper Famen stage, among the microbial layers of the fenestral lithotype.
В статье рассматриваются особенности развития кальцитизации в карбонатных отложениях верхнефаменского возраста юго-западной части Восточно-Оренбургского сводового поднятия. Кальцитизация развита преимущественно в слоистых фенестровых микробиалитах и представлена блоковым кальцитом. Также выделяется отдельный тип кальцитизации — крустификация. Согласно литературным источникам и литологическим исследованием кернового материала нескольких скважин, кальцитизация зависит от комплекса факторов, таких как скорость осадконакопления, структурная сложность отложений, гидродинамическая активность, частота осушений и наличие органогенных пленок. На биологический контроль кальцитизации в керне указывают характерные ламинарные, волнистые микритовые прослои (микробиалиты) и обилие сгустков известковых водорослей, хорошо наблюдаемых на микроскопическом уровне. Таким образом, кальцитизация типичный постседиментационный процесс для карбонатных отложений верхнефаменского возраста, среди микробиальных прослоев фенестрового литотипа.
The Role of Games in the Process of Teaching Foreign Languages
Authors: Abdurasulovna Buronova Sevara
Published: November 2024

The article touches upon the topic of using the method of role-playing games / simulations in teaching students’ foreign language. Particular attention is paid to the question of how this method can be used in universities to encourage students to make the most of a foreign language in class. The author draws attention to the fact that the types of role-playing games can be different depending on the level complexity and language skills of students, and that the correct choice is necessary role-playing game corresponding to the level of knowledge of the group. The article demonstrates that role-playing games which are extremely useful and can help students consolidate their knowledge and to teach them a foreign language for professional purposes. Key words: role-playing game (RPG), activity, topic, simulation, basis, development, communication, expressions, facilitator, error correction, misspelled phrases, curriculum, situation, complex, motivation.
The Effect of STEAM Integration on Middle School Music Education
Authors: Kim Chanmi , Auh Yoonil
Published: November 2024

The research aims to assess the impact of integrating STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) learning into middle school music education in Korea. It investigates the integration of STEAM in music education and identifies factors influencing student motivation. Statistical analysis reveals that STEAM integration positively affects student motivation, attendance, and participation. A significant difference in motivation levels was found between control and experimental groups, with the experimental group showing higher motivation. The findings suggest that STEAM learning enhances student engagement and enthusiasm, particularly in the working details of music, leading to improved competencies and motivation.
Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Dual-Purpose Tool
Authors: Morandín-Ahuerma Fabio
Published: November 2024

In this chapter, the aim is to uncover the less visible aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and its integration into the educational field, examining how these could potentially lead to challenges by exploring ethical dilemmas, data integrity issues, and the critical importance of maintaining intellectual solvency in the commercial pursuits of AI companies. The integration of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, and others within the educational context is discussed, highlighting the inherent risks and challenges. An analysis of the issue is presented, proposing a critical approach that emphasizes the importance of media literacy, the promotion of diverse and inclusive datasets, transparency, and accountability from both AI developers and users, as well as education in ethics and philosophy. The essential role of teachers in the classroom is underscored as they challenge and correct algorithmic biases, fostering a meaningful learning environment that prepares students to contribute positively to a diverse society. The chapter argues that while AI holds significant potential to transform pedagogical methodologies, its integration into educational systems requires a concerted effort to ensure ethical and responsible implementation
Resilience and Drinking Behaviors in Emerging Adults with Previous Extracurricular Participation
Authors: Avolio Ava
Published: November 2024

Incorporating a Positive Youth Development framework, this study demonstrates how extracurricular participation provides adolescents resilience development opportunities which encourage trait and behavioral benefits lasting into emerging adulthood. Resilience has been previously identified as a protective factor and promoter of advantageous life outcomes despite childhood adversity. Data was collected from 18–25-year-old participants across over 50 American universities and trade schools. The study and resulting confirmatory factor analysis suggests that extracurricular participation does have a positive significant correlation with resilience and the subsequent resilience has significant correlations with drinking behaviors and educational attainment during emerging adulthood. Further research incorporating intentional resilience-building into these established programs is encouraged as a method of reaching underserved communities.
An Advanced Quantum-Entropy Based Ransomware Detection Mechanism
Authors: Mazunin Eric , Bishop Ronald , Carter Elizabeth , Knight Lawrence
Published: November 2024

The evolving sophistication of encryption-based cyber threats has necessitated the development of more advanced and adaptive detection mechanisms capable of responding to increasingly covert ransomware attacks. The proposed Quantum-Entropy Dynamic Detection (QEDD) system introduces an unprecedented method for ransomware identification through quantum-entropy analysis, setting a new standard in detection sensitivity and accuracy. Unlike traditional signature-based or behavioral detection techniques, which are often limited by their reliance on predefined patterns, QEDD leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to examine entropy variations in real time, enabling the identification of novel ransomware patterns that might otherwise evade conventional methods. Through rigorous testing across diverse ransomware families, QEDD demonstrated remarkable precision, achieving high detection accuracy and minimizing false positives, even when distinguishing between malicious and benign encrypted or compressed files. The system’s adaptable architecture and rapid processing capabilities position it as a practical solution for real-time ransomware detection, enhancing cybersecurity resilience against the dynamic nature of ransomware threats. This research establishes a foundation for integrating quantum-entropy methodologies into broader cybersecurity strategies, marking a significant step forward in the evolution of threat detection technologies.
Application of Advanced Image Restoration and Deblurring Techniques for Real-Time Traffic Monitoring: A Case Study of Monsoon Season in Mumba
Authors: Xu Lei , Wu Zhuhai
Published: November 2024

This study explores the application of advanced image restoration and deblurring techniques in real-time traffic monitoring, focusing on Mumbai’s monsoon season—a period marked by heavy rainfall, flooding, and frequent traffic disruptions. Traditional traffic monitoring systems struggle with image clarity during adverse weather, impacted by rain-induced blur and visibility issues. Advanced deep learning methods, including transformer-based architectures and Vision Transformers (ViTs), show promise in enhancing traffic data accuracy. These methods leverage convolutional projection and adaptive self-attention mechanisms to improve image quality under challenging conditions, allowing for effective traffic management and emergency response. The analysis addresses both technological benefits and the limitations of relying on AI-based solutions, such as potentially diverting attention from critical infrastructure improvements. Mumbai's ongoing implementation of AI-based traffic systems highlights the relevance of these techniques in reducing congestion, enhancing public safety, and providing timely responses to accidents during severe weather. The findings offer insights into scalable solutions for urban centers facing similar climate challenges and contribute to the discourse on sustainable urban development in the face of climate change.
How Partisan are U.S. Local Elections? Evidence from 2020 Cast Vote Records
Authors: Conevska Aleksandra , Hirano Shigeo , Kuriwaki Shiro , Lewis Jeffrey B. , Mutlu Can , Snyder James M.
Published: November 2024

Analyzing nominally partisan contests, previous literature has argued that state and local politics have nationalized. Here we use individual ballots from the 2020 general elections covering over 43 million voters to study the relationship between individual national partisanship and voting in over 4500 down-ballot contests, including nonpartisan races and ballot measures. Voting in partisan contests can be explained by voter’s national partisanship, consistent with existing literature. However, we find that voting for local nonpartisan offices (n = 1484 contests) and ballot measures (n = 1576) is much less partisan. National partisanship explains more than 80 percent of the within-contest variation in voting for partisan state and local offices but less than 10 percent for local spending-related ballot measures. Voting for spending on roads and water are less partisan than those on education and housing, and these votes are more correlated with each other than with national partisanship.
Educational Evaluation and Professional Development of Teachers
Authors: Maria Tsiligianni , Panagiota Vathi-Sarava
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the views of primary school teachers regarding the evaluation of their educational work. The main goal was to examine Primary school teachers' professional and training needs both for their development and improving quality of education. This is a comparative study exploring the views of teachers working in primary schools in Greece and Austria. To explore the above objectives, we examined the existing evaluation system in these two countries, the forms and criteria of teachers’ evaluation and the impact of training programs on teachers’ preparation. To conduct the research a qualitative approach was embraced. The research was carried out using semi-structured interviews with a sample of 10 teachers who were working in Primary education in Greece and Austria. The primary findings of this research revealed the significant influence of teachers’ evaluation on their professional development both in Greece and Austria. Few teachers in our sample in Greece were against the use of evaluation for teachers' professional growth. Moreover, and according to the results of our study, the participation in training programs plays a pivotal role in enhancing and expanding the knowledge base of teachers both in Greece and Austria. The results showed the importance of training programs related to ICT, the usage of innovative and inclusive teaching methods as well as classroom management as some necessary actions for the effective use of evaluation targeting at the professional development of teachers.
Concepts of Health and Disease. Traditions and Misconceptions
Authors: Revo Valeriy
Published: November 2024

The organization of disease program management requires a radical change in the strategy and tactics of medicine in relation to each patient and the population as a whole. The purpose of the publication is to help doctors understand the dual nature of diseases. The author's task is to provide the necessary methodological tools and acquaint biologists and doctors with the repository of disease programs in the phylogenetic memory of all living beings, including humans. Modern dictionaries and encyclopedias do not provide such opportunities for many key terms, concepts and definitions in the humanitarian sphere, including medicine. The semantic representations that dominate in them are, by definition, unable to convey their content.
Independently Measure the Organizational and (Un)ethical Dimensions of Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior using the Process Dissociation Paradigm
Authors: Liu Chuanjun , LIU Luyao , Abbas Syed Zain , Zou Lemei
Published: November 2024

Previous studies have revealed the paradoxical nature of unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) and have developed measures for investigating this phenomenon. However, it was not possible to ascertain whether the employees exhibited a low level of ethicality or a high degree of pro-organizational inclination when they made a UPB decision due to the limitations of the binary continuum. This study addresses the aforementioned gap by employing the process dissociation paradigm in three studies. The scenarios for process dissociation were carefully compiled and validated based on previous work (Study 1), and the reliability and validity of the new approach were tested (Study 2). The application of the new approach to independently measure the organizationality and ethicality dimensions of UPB facilitated the clarification of some mainstream theoretical explanations for UPB (Study 3). The phenomenon of moral disengagement, moral justification, and moral decoupling among employees engaged in UPB is associated with a reduced emphasis on ethical considerations and an enhanced pro-organizational disposition. Conversely, social exchange and organizational identification of employees involved in UPB are linked to a minorly diminished pro-organizational inclination and enhanced ethical considerations. The new measure offers a resolution to numerous theoretical controversies on UPB and is recommended for future studies.
An Extended Introduction to the `prismAId` Tool: Open-Source and Open Science AI for Systematic Reviews
Authors: Boero Riccardo
Published: November 2024

`prismAId` is an open-source tool designed to streamline systematic literature reviews by leveraging generative AI models for information extraction. It offers an accessible, efficient, and replicable method for extracting and analyzing data from scientific literature, eliminating the need for coding expertise. Supporting various review protocols, including PRISMA 2020, `prismAId` is distributed across multiple platforms — Go, Python, Julia, R — and provides user-friendly binaries compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux. The tool integrates with leading large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's GPT series, Google's Gemini, Cohere's Command, and Anthropic's Claude, ensuring comprehensive and up-to-date literature analysis. `prismAId` facilitates systematic reviews, enabling researchers to conduct thorough, fast, and reproducible analyses, thereby advancing open science initiatives.
Contrasting impact of irrigation on farmworker heat stress in day and night in intensely irrigated agricultural lands of California
Authors: Parajuli Sagar , Biggs Trent , De Sales Fernando , Zavala Miguel , He Cenlin , Jones Charles , Thompson CAllum , Galvez Nicolas , Ciborowski Haley , Quintino Tiago , Di Napoli Claudia , Montazar Aliasghar , Yazdi Tayebeh , Soucier Monica
Published: November 2024

Farmworkers, the ‘frontline workers’ of our food system, are often exposed to heat stress that is likely to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change. Irrigation can exacerbate heat stress, quantification of which is crucial in intensely irrigated agricultural lands such as the Imperial Valley (IV) in southern California. We present high-resolution maps of wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), a key indicator of heat exposure in humans, over the IV and quantify the impact of irrigation during day and night in agricultural and urban settings. We derive WBGT from a high-resolution regional climate model (WRF), which shows robust performance against station-derived WBGT metrics yielding R-square up to 0.95 and RMSE as low as 0.71 ℃ in agricultural sites. We find that irrigation reduces WBGT by 0.3-1.3 ℃ during the wet season in the daytime due to strong evaporative cooling. However, during dry season, irrigation increases WBGT by 0.4-1.3 ℃ at night, when the large increase in humidity sufficiently raises the wet-bulb temperature (WBT) with added increase in dry-bulb temperature (DBT) and black globe temperature (BGT), surpassing the weaker evaporative cooling. We also find that the urban and fallow areas adjacent to the crop fields experience increased heat stress due to moisture advection. Modeled WBGT frequently exceeds the regulatory threshold of 24.4 ℃ in the crop fields during key harvest seasons with exceedances greater than 50, 150, and 300 hours in April, June, and August 2020, respectively. The heat stress modeling framework presented serves as a prototype to develop climate change adaptation strategies for the agricultural regions of the Imperial Valley as well as the broader Central Valley and inform labor and environmental policies in California and elsewhere.
No effect of Italian blues on color discrimination
Authors: Stratmann Nina , Lohmann Arne
Published: November 2024

The present study contributes to research on the effects of color terminology on perceptual tasks. More specifically, we report the results of a color discrimination study testing a possible effect of multiple basic color terms (BCTs) for the blue color spectrum in Italian. To that end, the performance of speakers of Italian is contrasted with the performance of speakers of English, as these languages differ with regard to their basic color vocabulary. Unlike English, Italian is assumed to have two basic color terms for the blue color spectrum, dividing it along the lightness dimension. The results are discussed in context with results for Russian speakers from previous research. The results obtained by the present study do not provide evidence for an effect in Italian. This null-effect supports a view of weak effects of color terminology on discrimination tasks. We also discuss whether the complexcolor terminology for blues in Italian with divergent findings for basic color terms for the blue color space may be an additional factor in explaining the results.
Post-error slowing during motor sequence learning under extrinsic and intrinsic error feedback conditions
Authors: Immink Maarten
Published: November 2024

Post-error slowing, described as an error-corrective index of response binding during motor sequence learning, has only been demonstrated in the serial reaction time task under conditions where extrinsic error feedback is presented. The present experiment investigated whether post-error slowing is dependent on, or is influenced by, extrinsic error feedback. Thirty participants (14 females, Mage = 21.9 1.8 years) completed the serial reaction time task with or without presentation of extrinsic error feedback. Post-error slowing was observed following response error whether feedback was presented or not. However, presentation of extrinsic error feedback increased post-error slowing across practice and extended the number of responses that were slowed following an error. There was no evidence of feedback effects on motor sequence learning or explicit awareness. Instead, feedback appeared to function as a performance factor that reduced response error rates relative to no feedback conditions. These findings illustrate that post-error slowing in motor sequence learning is not reliant on or a result of presentation of extrinsic error information. More specific to the serial reaction time task paradigm, the present findings demonstrate that the common practice of presenting error feedback is not necessary for investigating motor sequence learning unless the aim is to maintain low error rate. However, doing so might inflate reaction time in latter training blocks.
Item Content and Overlap Analysis of common Depression and Anxiety Scales
Authors: Domínguez-Álvarez Beatriz , Trujillo Adriana , Castro-Osorio Rubby , Gallardo-Pujol David
Published: November 2024

Background: Although overlap between depression and anxiety scales has been investigated separately, research examining shared and unique symptom profiles across both domains is limited. Given that comorbidity between depressive and anxiety disorders can reach up to 65%, understanding symptom-level overlap could provide valuable insights for improving diagnostic accuracy and developing targeted transdiagnostic assessments. Methods: We conducted a content analysis of 18 widely used clinical scales, assessing both depression and anxiety domains individually and together. Using the Jaccard Index (0 = no overlap; 1 = complete overlap), we quantified overlap across individual depression scales, individual anxiety scales, and combined depression and anxiety scales to capture symptom-level intersections. Results: Our findings indicated low mean overlap within each domain (0.29 and 0.26 for depression and anxiety, respectively) and even lower mean overlap (0.13) when depression and anxiety scales were analyzed together, underscoring significant heterogeneity among scales. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRDS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) displayed the highest cross-domain overlap (0.41), suggesting these scales may assess overlapping symptom dimensions. Conclusion: Results reveal distinct symptom structures in depression and anxiety scales, with only a limited degree of shared content. This suggests that many current scales may inadequately capture the mixed symptoms often present in clinical populations. Our findings underscore the importance of developing transdiagnostic measures capable of assessing both shared and distinct symptom dimensions across affective disorders, which may ultimately enhance clinical precision in assessing comorbid presentations and inform future revisions of existing assessment tools
Between Contestation and Support: Explaining Elites’ Confidence in the International Criminal Court
Authors: Stappert Nora , Verhaegen Soetkin
Published: November 2024

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has come under challenge in recent years as somecountries have decided, or considered, to withdraw from it. Against this backdrop, an emergingliterature has begun to examine attitudes toward the court among the general public as a keycourt constituency. However, little is known about how domestic elites perceive the court. Thisresearch gap is particularly surprising given that domestic elites have a considerable impact onboth public and state support of the court. This article explains why political and societal elitesacross world regions have confidence or lack confidence in the ICC. We present the results froma unique survey of 722 elite respondents conducted from 2017 to 2019 across six countries:Brazil, Germany, the Philippines, Russia, South Africa, and the United States. We furthermoreenrich our analysis by using public opinion data to draw comparisons between elites and thegeneral public. The analyses reveal that the views of elites are most consistently related totheir perceptions of other, more well-known international organizations and their country’srelationship with the ICC. Our findings indicate both similarities and differences between howelite and public opinion about the ICC are formed, demonstrating the value of further researchon elite opinion on international courts.
Urbanisation: With Special Reference to Nepal
Authors: Gautam Rudra Prasad
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Some Aspects of Deficit Finance in Developing Countries
Authors: Upadhyay Kamal P.
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Rural Poverty and Ecological Balance: A Socio Economic Note on Phewatal Watershed Catchment in the Western Hill of Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Kiran Dutta
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
A Note on the Rationale of SAARC
Authors: Dhital Komal
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Estimation of Paddy Production: A Case Study of Saptari District
Authors: Yadav Rashindra Pd.
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Fish Production in Nepal: Problems and Prospects: A Case Study of Krishnapur Village Panchayat of Siraha District
Authors: Yadav R. K.
Published: November 2024

Not Available.
Modified Exponential Power distribution with properties and applications
Authors: Arun Kumar Chaudhary  , Lal Babu Sah Telee  , Vijay Kumar
Published: November 2024

We have developed the Modified Exponential power distribution, a new and adaptable probability distribution, in this work. An additional shape parameter is added to the exponential power distribution to create this distribution. Numerous statistical properties of suggested model are derived and analyzed. Cramer-Von-Mises (CVME), maximum likelihood (MLE), and least-squares (LSE) are used to estimate the model's parameters. P-P and Q-Q charts are used to assess the validity of the model. Several information criteria are applied in model comparisons, including the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), the Hannan-Quinn Information Criterion (HQIC), the Corrected Akaike Information Criterion (CAIC), and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). These criteria help determine the best model by balancing goodness-of-fit with model complexity. Test statistics, together with their corresponding p-values, are also utilized to evaluate the recommended model's goodness of fit. These tests consist of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Cramer-Von Mises (CVM), and Anderson-Darling (An) tests. R programming is used for the dataset analysis and visualization.
Viability Measurement of Hydropower Projects
Authors: Krishna Prasad Ojha  , Surendra Kumar Uprety  , Khubi Ram Acharya
Published: November 2024

Evaluating the viability of hydropower projects involves a comprehensive examination of costs and benefits. Economic analysis extends to broader impacts, such as fuel diversification, market advantages, production cost savings, job creation, and improved reliability. Benefit-cost analysis compares monetary costs and benefits, including direct and indirect community effects. This study has used literature survey method to provide insights into projected and actual outcomes, supported by guidelines from institutions like ADB, UNIDO, and the World Bank. Financial benefits of hydropower projects involve optimizing energy output and revenue from Power Purchase Agreements. Economic benefits include fuel diversification, market impacts, navigation, tourism, water supply, and tax revenues. Costs related to physical properties, structures, and resettlement are evaluated using the Price Quantity (PQ) method, while rental income and business losses are assessed through opportunity cost analysis. The loss of crops and trees is evaluated based on expected yields. This approach ensures a thorough understanding of both financial viability and broader economic impacts.
CHATGPT and AI Tools: A Paradigm Shift in Education and Other Domains
Authors: Dila Ram Bhandari
Published: November 2024

The advent of ChatGPT and other AI tools represents a transformative shift in various domains, notably in education and education. This paper explores how AI-driven conversational models are redefining traditional practices, offering personalized learning experiences, and enhancing accessibility to knowledge. Chat GPT has amassed over a million users in just five days since its launch, making it a significant participant in the Internet and technology sectors. ChatGPT, as an exemplar of generative AI, provides on-demand assistance, fosters interactive learning environments, and supports educators with resource generation and administrative tasks. Beyond education, these tools are revolutionizing fields such as customer service, content creation, and healthcare, driving efficiencies and enabling innovative solutions. This paradigm shift raises important questions about the future role of human expertise, ethical considerations, and the potential for AI to augment rather than replace human capabilities. By examining the implications and opportunities presented by these technologies, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how AI tools are reshaping our world and to offer insights into navigating this evolving landscape. This work thoroughly examines the ethical and privacy difficulties that ChatGPT offers, despite its potential.
Product Involvement Level, High-Priced Apparel and Consumers’ Post- Purchase Dissonance in Kathmandu Metropolitan City
Authors: Dhruba Lal Pandey  , Nischal Risal  , Bhupindra Jung Basnet  , Ayusha Adhikari
Published: November 2024

The study aims in analyzing the product involvement and post-purchase dissonance among consumers of high-priced apparel in Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Utilizing the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance and Self-Congruity Theory, the study examines how these psychological concepts influence consumer regret and satisfaction. In this context, product involvement is considered the independent variable, post-purchase dissonance the dependent variable, and income status, categorized into high and low, as the moderating variable. The study aims to identify factors driving consumer effort and remorse, analyze differences in product involvement and dissonance across income groups, and explore the relationship between product involvement and dissonance. Surprisingly, this study demonstrates that the influence of product involvement on post- purchase dissonance is minimal, with both high-income and low-income consumers exhibiting comparable levels of regret and dissatisfaction with their apparel purchases. The findings highlight a consistent pattern across different income groups, with no substantial differences in their return behaviors or product evaluations. Additionally, the weak correlation between product involvement and post-purchase dissonance suggests that increased involvement in the purchase decision does not significantly alter the level of consumer regret. Gender and age-related patterns show that both males and females experience post-purchase dissonance, and younger consumers are more engaged with product reviews and ratings. These insights offer valuable implications for understanding consumer behavior in the high-priced apparel market and can guide companies in refining their marketing strategies to better meet consumer expectations and mitigate dissatisfaction.