bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water temperature variability at culvert replacement sites and river thermal impacts related to the removal of an old sediment pond: application on the Barnet Brook and a tributary of the Nerepis River (New Brunswick, Canada)
Authors: Caissie Daniel , Smith Andy
Published: June 2022

Culverts are very important hydraulic structures for stream crossing, and they come in various shapes and materials. There are generally two different types of culverts, i.e., closed bottom and open bottom structures. In the present study, two closed bottom culverts have been replaced by open bottom structures (arch culverts) during the summer of 2018. The objective of the present study was to analyze water temperature variability along the impacted sites, one year after the replacement, i.e., 2019 to assess potential impacts of the streamside vegetation removal on the thermal conditions of these streams. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) change in mean summer temperatures at both sites. Changes in stream temperatures at Barnet Brook were attributed to the removal of an old sediment pond, whereas changes in stream temperatures at the tributary of the Nerepis River were likely due to the removal of the streamside vegetation. Increases in water temperatures (> 4 °C) were more pronounced during low flow periods compared to high flow conditions at both sites.
Sri Lankans’ residential segregation and spatial inequalities in Southern Italy: an empirical analysis using fine-scale data on regular lattice geographies
Authors: Benassi Federico , Bitonti Francesca , Mazza Angelo , Strozza Salvatore
Published: June 2022

Sri Lankans constitute one of Italy's oldest foreign communities. A comparative geographic study of Sri Lankans’ settlement patterns in three main municipalities of South Italy (Naples, Palermo, and Catania) is performed in the present work. The uniqueness of the analysis relies on the fact that, to the authors’ knowledge, no other existing studies comparatively examine the spatial segregation of Sri Lankan communities in different southern European municipalities. Moreover, implementing a single geographic reference grid allowed the homogenisation of different areal unit arrangements and the comparison between urban contexts. Original results have emerged from the empirical analysis, detecting peculiar and similar residential behaviour in Sri Lankans’ settlement patterns across the three municipalities analysed, jointly influenced by work specialisation and variations in the local cost of living. In particular, the high levels of Sri Lankan concentration detected in the wealthiest neighbourhoods revealed complex dynamics underlying the urban spatial segregation, beyond the mere centre-periphery dichotomy.
Seeds of algebraic thinking: a Knowledge in Pieces perspective on the development of algebraic thinking
Authors: Levin Mariana , Walkoe Janet
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we elaborate the seeds of algebraic thinking perspective, drawing upon Knowledge in Pieces as a heuristic epistemological framework. We argue that students’ pre-instructional experiences in early childhood lay the foundation for algebraic thinking and are a largely untapped resource in developing students’ algebraic thinking in the classroom. We theorize that seeds of algebraic thinking are cognitive resources abstracted over many interactions with the world in children’s pre-instructional experience. Further, we provide examples to demonstrate how the same seeds of algebraic thinking present in early childhood can be invoked in reasoning across contexts, grade levels, and different levels of formality of algebraic instruction. The examples demonstrate how the seeds perspective differs from other accounts of the relationship between children’s early activity and their engagement in algebraic reasoning processes. We anticipate this new theoretical direction for characterizing the nature and development of algebraic thinking will lay the foundation for a robust agenda that sheds light on the development of algebraic thinking and informs algebra instruction, particularly how teachers notice and respond to children’s developing algebraic thinking.
Necessary advances in computer-aided design to leverage on additive manufacturing design freedom
Authors: Fuchs Daniel , Bartz Ronald , Kuschmitz Sebastian , Vietor Thomas
Published: June 2022

Advances in manufacturing technologies and computational engineering are key enablers for optimized designs necessary for product performance improvements. Amongst other manufacturing technologies, particularly Additive Manufacturing (AM) is pushing the envelope of feasible design complexity challenging design engineers as well as their Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools. The research field of Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) provides an exhaustive supply of specific engineering design knowledge and methodological approaches accordingly. To enable design engineers to put those approaches into practice, this research gathers and structures not yet addressed AM-related requirements on the state of the art CAD tools. Additionally, architectural CAD functions as well as features are being pointed out and envisioned design workflow adaptions introduced, necessary to enable engineers to holistically utilize AM design potentials with CAD systems of the mid-term future.
Strategies of Social Workers’ Policy Engagement—a Qualitative Analysis Among Swiss Social Workers Holding Elected Office
Authors: Kindler Tobias , Amann Kathrin
Published: June 2022

While ethical documents all around the globe call upon social workers to actively participate in policymaking processes, there is little evidence of their actual engagement in this type of practice. In particular, the fact that social workers also engage in party-politics by running for or holding elected office has been neglected in most of the existing research. Therefore, this article focuses on this very specific route of policy engagement by examining strategies for influencing policymaking processes used by Swiss social workers holding political office. To do so, 31 social workers holding elected office in the German-speaking part of Switzerland were invited to write a book chapter in an edited volume. The authors were explicitly asked to describe in detail their strategies and methods for influencing policymaking processes, and to place social work issues on the political agenda. Based on a qualitative content analysis of the book chapters, the following strategies were identified: (1) bringing social work’s professional expertise into policymaking processes, (2) doing good and talking about it, (3) presenting facts and figures, (4) organizing the profession, (5) networking, and (6) “normalizing” policy engagement in social work. The findings suggest that political content should be strengthened in social work education and further promoted by professional associations. This would empower more social workers to run for political office and enable them to contribute their specific skills, knowledge, and expertise to policymaking processes.
Learning phase in a LIVE Digital Twin for predictive maintenance
Authors: Bondoc Andrew E. , Tayefeh Mohsen , Barari Ahmad
Published: June 2022

Digital Twins are essential in establishing intelligent asset management for an asset or machine. They can be described as the bidirectional communication between a cyber representation and a physical asset. Predictive Maintenance is dependent on the existence of three data sets: Fault history, Maintenance/Repair History, and Machine Conditions. Current Digital Twin solutions can fail to simulate the behaviour of a faulty asset. These solutions also prove to be difficult to implement when an asset’s fault history is incomplete. This paper presents the novel methodology, LIVE Digital Twin, to develop Digital Twins with the focus of Predictive Maintenance. The four phases, Learn, Identify, Verify, and Extend are discussed. A case study analyzes the relationship of component stiffness and vibration in detecting the health of various components. The Learning phase is implemented to demonstrate the process of locating a preliminary sensor network and develop the faulty history of a Sand Removal Skid assembly. Future studies will consider fewer simplifying assumptions and expand on the results to implement the proceeding phases.
Mapping built environments from UAV imagery: a tutorial on mixed methods of deep learning and GIS
Authors: Hong Xin , Sheridan Scott , Li Dong
Published: June 2022

Evidence has suggested that built environments are significantly associated with residents’ health and the conditions of built environments vary between neighborhoods. Recently, there have been remarkable technological advancements in using deep learning to detect built environments on fine spatial scale remotely sensed images. However, integrating the extracted built environment information by deep learning with geographic information systems (GIS) is still rare in existing literature. This method paper presents how we harnessed deep leaning techniques to extract built environments and then further utilized the extracted information as input data for analysis and visualization in a GIS environment. Informative guidelines on data collection with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), greenspace extraction using a deep learning model (specifically U-Net for image segmentation), and mapping spatial distributions of greenspace and sidewalks in a GIS environment are offered. The novelty of this paper lies in the integration of deep learning into the GIS decision-making system to identify the spatial distribution of built environments at the neighborhood scale.
Shakespeare's Dialectic of Hope
Authors: Grady Hugh
Published: June 2022

Closely examining the relationship between the political and the utopian in five major plays from different phases of Shakespeare's career, Hugh Grady shows the dialectical link between the earlier political dramas and the late plays or tragicomedies. Reading Julius Caesar and Macbeth from the tragic period alongside The Winter's Tale and Tempest from the utopian end of Shakespeare's career, with Antony and Cleopatra acting as a transition, Grady reveals how, in the late plays, Shakespeare introduces a transformative element of hope while never losing a sharp awareness of suffering and death. The plays presciently confront dilemmas of an emerging modernity, diagnosing and indicting instrumental politics and capitalism as largely disastrous developments leading to an empty world devoid of meaning and community. Grady persuasively argues that the utopian vision is a specific dialectical response to these fears and a necessity in worlds of injustice, madness and death.
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Religious Experience
Authors: McNamara Patrick
Published: June 2022

The Cognitive Neuroscience of Religious Experience, now updated and expanded in a new edition, updates key topics covered in the first edition including: decentering and self-transformation, supernatural agent cognitions, mystical states, religious language, ritualization, and religious group agency. It expands upon the first edition to include major findings on brain and religious experience over the past decade, focusing on methodology, future thinking, and psychedelics. It provides an up-to-date review of brain-based accounts of religious experiences, and systematically examines the rationale for utilizing neuroscience approaches to religion. While it is primarily intended for religious studies scholars, people interested in comparative religion, philosophy of religion, cultural evolution, and personal self-transformation will find an account of how such transformation is accomplished within religious contexts.
Apples to Apples
Authors: Nowell Branda , Milward H. Brinton
Published: June 2022

Interest in networks in the fields of public management and policy has grown to encompass a wide array of phenomena. However, we lack a stable and empirically verifiable taxonomy for delineating one network class from another. The authors propose all networks and multi-organizational collaborative entities can be sorted into three taxonomic classes: structural-oriented, system-oriented, and purpose-oriented. This Element reviews the intellectual disciplinary histories that have informed our understanding of each of the three classes of networks. It then offers a taxonomic description of each of the three classes of networks. Finally, it provides a field guide for empirically classifying networks. The authors hope is the taxonomy presented will serve as a tool to allow the field to quicken the pace of learning both within and across classes. When we are able to compare apples to apples and avoid inadvertent comparison of apples and oranges, we all get smarter faster.
Incest in French Law: A New Offence for an Old Prohibition
Authors: Ghica-Lemarchand Claudia
Published: June 2022

In France, the 2021 Act regarding sexual offences recognized incest as an autonomous offence. Previously, the French Penal Code traditionally prohibited incest as an aggravating circumstance based upon minority or the family relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. The problem was that, according to the strict construction principle, the judges had to determine the sexual offence, in turn supporting the aggravating circumstance of incest. To do so, they had to look for the evidence of the lack of consent determined by “violence, constraint, threaten or surprise”. The 2021 Act is the conclusion of several controversial reforms considering this issue.
Problematic tubular fossils from the Portfjeld Formation (Ediacaran) of North Greenland
Authors: Willman Sebastian , Peel John S.
Published: June 2022

Two rare, phosphatized, tubular microfossils of uncertain affinity, probably algal, are described from the Portfjeld biota (Ediacaran) of North Greenland. Portfjeldia aestatis n. gen. n. sp. preserves two tubules, one of which branches, within an annulated outer sheath. Its morphology can be compared to that of the much larger Ramitubus from the Weng'an biota of South China. An unnamed long, parallel-sided tubule occupied the postmortal cavity formed within diagenetically mineralized specimens of the cyanobacterium Jiangispirellus.
Speaking but not gesturing predicts event memory: a cross-linguistic comparison
Authors: ter Bekke Marlijn , Özyürek Aslı , Ünal Ercenur
Published: June 2022

Every day people see, describe, and remember motion events. However, the relation between multimodal encoding of motion events in speech and gesture, and memory is not yet fully understood. Moreover, whether language typology modulates this relation remains to be tested. This study investigates whether the type of motion event information (path or manner) mentioned in speech and gesture predicts which information is remembered and whether this varies across speakers of typologically different languages. Dutch- and Turkish-speakers watched and described motion events and completed a surprise recognition memory task. For both Dutch- and Turkish-speakers, manner memory was at chance level. Participants who mentioned path in speech during encoding were more accurate at detecting changes to the path in the memory task. The relation between mentioning path in speech and path memory did not vary cross-linguistically. Finally, the co-speech gesture did not predict memory above mentioning path in speech. These findings suggest that how speakers describe a motion event in speech is more important than the typology of the speakers’ native language in predicting motion event memory. The motion event videos are available for download for future research athttps://osf.io/p8cas/.
Growth Regimes
Authors: Hall Peter A.
Published: June 2022

Although it has a durable institutional shape, the operation of capitalism takes different forms across space and time with varying distributive effects. This article contributes to a growing literature considering the successive forms taken by capitalism in the developed democracies since World War II. It develops a distinctive conception of these forms as “growth regimes” that are mutually constituted by the core practices of firms and reinforcing public policies specific to each historical era. The movement of firm practices and government policies is then examined with a view to identifying the growth regimes of three postwar eras of modernization, liberalization, and knowledge-based growth.
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) in psychiatric practice and research
Authors: Kotov Roman , Cicero David C. , Conway Christopher C. , DeYoung Colin G. , Dombrovski Alexandre , Eaton Nicholas R. , First Michael B. , Forbes Miriam K. , Hyman Steven E. , Jonas Katherine G. , Krueger Robert F. , Latzman Robert D. , Li James J. , Nelson Brady D. , Regier Darrel A. , Rodriguez-Seijas Craig , Ruggero Camilo J. , Simms Leonard J. , Skodol Andrew E. , Waldman Irwin D. , Waszczuk Monika A. , Watson David , Widiger Thomas A. , Wilson Sylia , Wright Aidan G. C.
Published: June 2022

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) has emerged out of the quantitative approach to psychiatric nosology. This approach identifies psychopathology constructs based on patterns of co-variation among signs and symptoms. The initial HiTOP model, which was published in 2017, is based on a large literature that spans decades of research. HiTOP is a living model that undergoes revision as new data become available. Here we discuss advantages and practical considerations of using this system in psychiatric practice and research. We especially highlight limitations of HiTOP and ongoing efforts to address them. We describe differences and similarities between HiTOP and existing diagnostic systems. Next, we review the types of evidence that informed development of HiTOP, including populations in which it has been studied and data on its validity. The paper also describes how HiTOP can facilitate research on genetic and environmental causes of psychopathology as well as the search for neurobiologic mechanisms and novel treatments. Furthermore, we consider implications for public health programs and prevention of mental disorders. We also review data on clinical utility and illustrate clinical application of HiTOP. Importantly, the model is based on measures and practices that are already used widely in clinical settings. HiTOP offers a way to organize and formalize these techniques. This model already can contribute to progress in psychiatry and complement traditional nosologies. Moreover, HiTOP seeks to facilitate research on linkages between phenotypes and biological processes, which may enable construction of a system that encompasses both biomarkers and precise clinical description.
Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviours in a representative epidemiological youth sample in Hong Kong: the significance of suicide-related rumination, family functioning, and ongoing population-level stressors
Authors: Wong Stephanie M. Y. , Ip Charlie H. , Hui Christy L. M. , Suen Y. N. , Wong Corine S. M. , Chang W. C. , Chan Sherry K. W. , Lee Edwin H. M. , Lui Simon S. Y. , Chan K. T. , Wong Michael T. H. , Chen Eric Y. H.
Published: June 2022

Background

Young people are most vulnerable to suicidal behaviours but least likely to seek help. A more elaborate study of the intrinsic and extrinsic correlates of suicidal ideation and behaviours particularly amid ongoing population-level stressors and the identification of less stigmatising markers in representative youth populations is essential.

Methods

Participants (n = 2540, aged 15–25) were consecutively recruited from an ongoing large-scale household-based epidemiological youth mental health study in Hong Kong between September 2019 and 2021. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt were assessed, alongside suicide-related rumination, hopelessness and neuroticism, personal and population-level stressors, family functioning, cognitive ability, lifetime non-suicidal self-harm, 12-month major depressive disorder (MDD), and alcohol use.

Results

The 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation, ideation-only (no plan or attempt), plan, and attempt was 20.0, 15.4, 4.6, and 1.3%, respectively. Importantly, multivariable logistic regression findings revealed that suicide-related rumination was the only factor associated with all four suicidal outcomes (all p < 0.01). Among those with suicidal ideation (two-stage approach), intrinsic factors, including suicide-related rumination, poorer cognitive ability, and 12-month MDE, were specifically associated with suicide plan, while extrinsic factors, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stressors, poorer family functioning, and personal life stressors, as well as non-suicidal self-harm, were specifically associated with suicide attempt.

Conclusions

Suicide-related rumination, population-level COVID-19 stressors, and poorer family functioning may be important less-stigmatising markers for youth suicidal risks. The respective roles played by not only intrinsic but also extrinsic factors in suicide plan and attempt using a two-stage approach should be considered in future preventative intervention work.
Rediscovering Shanghai modern: Chinese cosmopolitanism and the urban art scene, 1912–1948
Authors: Zheng Jane , Zhang Sabrina P.Y. , Fan Zhen , Lin Hui , Leung Yuen-Sang
Published: June 2022

Republican Shanghai was a renowned art capital. This article is based on a large-scale digital mapping project of the residential locations of 1,349 Shanghai artists. We analysed the transformative spatial distribution patterns of artists in relation to the city's social and urban conditions, and developed an artists’ habitation approach to elucidating the issues of Republican-period Shanghai urban and art history from the perspective of Chinese cosmopolitanism. We mapped areas of high artist concentration and identified a higher percentage of artists residing in the concessions (compared with the Shanghai general population) and the incremental convergence of art clusters in the concessions. We argue that the concessions provided a favourable environment for cultural diversity and the ungovernable, elite spirit of the literati tradition. The mainstream Shanghai art practices, known as haipai, were modern, as they were rooted in the urban modernity of the concessions and embodied Chinese cosmopolitanism.
Palmer amaranth control in furrow-irrigated rice with florpyrauxifen-benzyl
Authors: Beesinger James W. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Butts Thomas R. , Roberts Trenton L.
Published: June 2022

Palmer amaranth is a common weed on levees in rice fields but has become increasingly problematic with the adoption of furrow-irrigated rice and lack of an established flood. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl previously has been found effective for controlling Palmer amaranth in rice, but the efficacy of low rates of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and the effect of Palmer amaranth size on controlling it is unknown. The objective of this research was to determine the level of Palmer amaranth control expected with single and sequential applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl at varying weed heights. The first study was conducted near Marianna, AR, in 2019 and 2020, to determine the effect of florpyrauxifen-benzyl rate on control of <10 cm (labeled size) and 28- to 32-cm-tall (larger-than-labeled size) Palmer amaranth. The second experiment was conducted in 2020 at two locations in Arkansas to compare single applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl at low rates to sequential applications at the same rates with a 14-d interval on 20- and 40-cm-tall Palmer amaranth. Results revealed that florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 15 g ae ha−1 was as effective as 30 g ae ha−1 in controlling <10-cm-tall Palmer amaranth (92% and 95% mortality in 2019). Sequential applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 8 g ae ha−1 were as effective as single or sequential applications at 30 g ae ha−1. However, no rate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl applied to 20- or 40-cm-tall Palmer amaranth was sufficient to provide season-long control of the weed, with the escaping female plants producing as many as 6,120 seed per plant following a single application.
Theorieentwicklung in der Pflege in Deutschland – Überblick und Perspektiven
Authors: Dorschner Stephan
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung. Theorienentwicklung ist eine wichtige Aufgabe jeder wissenschaftlichen Disziplin. Im folgenden Beitrag sollen in Anlehnung an Meleis (2018) wesentliche Phasen der Pflegetheorieentwicklung in Deutschland benannt und Perspektiven für die weitere Diskussion aufgezeigt werden.
Experimental Study of Wave Runup Variability on a Dissipative Beach
Authors: Li Chuan , Özkan‐Haller H. Tuba , Lomonaco Pedro , Maddux Timothy B. , García‐Medina Gabriel
Published: June 2022

Wave runup is an important process due to its effects on sediment transport and its role in coastal hazards. Despite decades of research on this topic, much uncertainty still exists in the estimation and prediction of runup. A recent numerical study has shown that there is appreciable variability in runup among wave groups on a dissipative beach due to sequencing of bichromatic waves and the resulting merging of bores. The current work further explores, in a highly controlled laboratory setting, runup variability due to wave sequencing. It is found that considerable runup variability exists among wave groups, and that this variability can differ greatly depending on the incident wave conditions. The observations suggest that the largest runup results from a higher number of bore merging events and involves a carrier wave that is positioned behind the infragravity wave crest, while the smallest runup results from a lower number of bore merging events and a carrier wave in front of the infragravity wave. A relationship is presented between runup variability and wave height, wave length, and the number of waves in a group. It is also found that an increase in runup variability is associated with an increase, at the first bore merging event, in the surface elevation at the crest of the carrier wave. Runup variability is also larger when the first bore merging event occurs further offshore, and when the local surface slope of the infragravity wave is higher.
Memory Effects in Salinity Profiles From Black Sea Sediments
Authors: Boudreau Bernard P. , Calvert Stephen , Kienast Markus
Published: June 2022

The current saline state the Black Sea is only the latest of a series of freshening‐salinization episodes that have affected that body of water during past glacial‐interglacial cycles. Here, we model the salinity history of the basin and its sedimentary porewaters since the end of the penultimate saline period, variously thought to have occurred in the period between 128 and 65 Kyrs BP (Before Present). Our results argue that the down‐core salinity profiles of Black Sea Holocene sediments have been affected by upward diffusion of salt from the penultimate saline episode and possibly from residual salinity of the basin waters captured in the accumulating porewaters. Our retrodictions require that the Black Sea bottom waters be either fresh or weakly brackish (S ≤ 4), between 80 and 10 Kyrs BP. In addition, we find that the timing of the first deposition of the Holocene sapropel corresponds to the time when salty bottom waters first reached the surface waters, and we speculate that increased organic matter production was caused by the release of nutrients stored in the saline bottom water. Finally, using current salinity proxy data, we find that the porewater salinity profiles generated from these proxies do not match the observed interstitial profiles.
CircSCAF8 promotes growth and metastasis of prostate cancer through the circSCAF8-miR-140-3p/miR-335-LIF pathway
Authors: He Tao , Tao Wen , Zhang Lei-Lei , Wang Bang-Yu , Li Ke , Lu Hui-Min , Tang Guo-Jun , He Ya-Di , Li Liao-Yuan
Published: June 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been increasingly linked to cancer progression. However, the detailed biological functions of circRNAs in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear. Using high-throughput circRNA sequencing, we previously identified 18 urine extracellular vesicle circRNAs that were increased in patients with PCa compared with those with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Spearman correlation analysis of the expression levels of the 18 circRNAs between the tumor tissue and matched urine extracellular vesicles in 30 PCa patients showed that circSCAF8 had the highest R2 (R2 = 0.635, P < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the effect of circSCAF8 on progression-free survival. The in vitro and in vivo functional experiments were implemented to investigate the effects of circSCAF8 on the phenotype of PCa. We found that the knockdown of circSCAF8 in PCa cells suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability, while overexpression of circSCAF8 had the opposite effects. Similar results were observed in vivo. In a cohort of 85 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy, circSCAF8 expression in PCa tissues was a powerful predictor of progression-free survival (HR = 2.14, P = 0.022). Mechanistically, circSCAF8 can function by binding to both miR-140-3p and miR-335 to regulate LIF expression and activate the LIF-STAT3 pathway that leads to the growth and metastasis of PCa. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that circSCAF8 contributes to PCa progression through the circSCAF8-miR-140-3p/miR-335-LIF pathway.
A global comparison of building decarbonization scenarios by 2050 towards 1.5–2 °C targets
Authors: Camarasa Clara , Mata Érika , Navarro Juan Pablo Jiménez , Reyna Janet , Bezerra Paula , Angelkorte Gerd Brantes , Feng Wei , Filippidou Faidra , Forthuber Sebastian , Harris Chioke , Sandberg Nina Holck , Ignatiadou Sotiria , Kranzl Lukas , Langevin Jared , Liu Xu , Müller Andreas , Soria Rafael , Villamar Daniel , Dias Gabriela Prata , Wanemark Joel , Yaramenka Katarina
Published: June 2022

Buildings play a key role in the transition to a low-carbon-energy system and in achieving Paris Agreement climate targets. Analyzing potential scenarios for building decarbonization in different socioeconomic contexts is a crucial step to develop national and transnational roadmaps to achieve global emission reduction targets. This study integrates building stock energy models for 32 countries across four continents to create carbon emission mitigation reference scenarios and decarbonization scenarios by 2050, covering 60% of today’s global building emissions. These decarbonization pathways are compared to those from global models. Results demonstrate that reference scenarios are in all countries insufficient to achieve substantial decarbonization and lead, in some regions, to significant increases, i.e., China and South America. Decarbonization scenarios lead to substantial carbon reductions within the range projected in the 2 °C scenario but are still insufficient to achieve the decarbonization goals under the 1.5 °C scenario.
Membrane curvature regulates the spatial distribution of bulky glycoproteins
Authors: Lu Chih-Hao , Pedram Kayvon , Tsai Ching-Ting , Jones Taylor , Li Xiao , Nakamoto Melissa L. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Cui Bianxiao
Published: June 2022

The glycocalyx is a shell of heavily glycosylated proteins and lipids distributed on the cell surface of nearly all cell types. Recently, it has been found that bulky transmembrane glycoproteins such as MUC1 can modulate membrane shape by inducing membrane protrusions. In this work, we examine the reciprocal relationship of how membrane shape affects MUC1’s spatial distribution on the cell membrane and its biological significance. By employing nanopatterned surfaces and membrane-sculpting proteins to manipulate membrane curvature, we show that MUC1 avoids positively-curved membranes (membrane invaginations) and accumulates on negatively-curved membranes (membrane protrusions). MUC1’s curvature sensitivity is dependent on the length and the extent of glycosylation of its ectodomain, with large and highly glycosylated forms preferentially staying out of positive curvature. Interestingly, MUC1’s avoidance of positive membrane curvature enables it to escape from endocytosis and being removed from the cell membrane. These findings also suggest that the truncation of MUC1’s ectodomain, often observed in breast and ovarian cancers, may enhance its endocytosis and potentiate its intracellular accumulation and signaling.
Macrophages disseminate pathogen associated molecular patterns through the direct extracellular release of the soluble content of their phagolysosomes
Authors: Greene Catherine J. , Nguyen Jenny A. , Cheung Samuel M. , Arnold Corey R. , Balce Dale R. , Wang Ya Ting , Soderholm Adrian , McKenna Neil , Aggarwal Devin , Campden Rhiannon I. , Ewanchuk Benjamin W. , Virgin Herbert W. , Yates Robin M.
Published: June 2022

Recognition of pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns is critical to inflammation. However, most pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns exist within intact microbes/cells and are typically part of non-diffusible, stable macromolecules that are not optimally immunostimulatory or available for immune detection. Partial digestion of microbes/cells following phagocytosis potentially generates new diffusible pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns, however, our current understanding of phagosomal biology would have these molecules sequestered and destroyed within phagolysosomes. Here, we show the controlled release of partially-digested, soluble material from phagolysosomes of macrophages through transient, iterative fusion-fission events between mature phagolysosomes and the plasma membrane, a process we term eructophagy. Eructophagy is most active in proinflammatory macrophages and further induced by toll like receptor engagement. Eructophagy is mediated by genes encoding proteins required for autophagy and can activate vicinal cells by release of phagolysosomally-processed, partially-digested pathogen associated molecular patterns. We propose that eructophagy allows macrophages to amplify local inflammation through the processing and dissemination of pathogen-or-damage-associated molecular patterns.
A federated graph neural network framework for privacy-preserving personalization
Authors: Wu Chuhan , Wu Fangzhao , Lyu Lingjuan , Qi Tao , Huang Yongfeng , Xie Xing
Published: June 2022

Graph neural network (GNN) is effective in modeling high-order interactions and has been widely used in various personalized applications such as recommendation. However, mainstream personalization methods rely on centralized GNN learning on global graphs, which have considerable privacy risks due to the privacy-sensitive nature of user data. Here, we present a federated GNN framework named FedPerGNN for both effective and privacy-preserving personalization. Through a privacy-preserving model update method, we can collaboratively train GNN models based on decentralized graphs inferred from local data. To further exploit graph information beyond local interactions, we introduce a privacy-preserving graph expansion protocol to incorporate high-order information under privacy protection. Experimental results on six datasets for personalization in different scenarios show that FedPerGNN achieves 4.0% ~ 9.6% lower errors than the state-of-the-art federated personalization methods under good privacy protection. FedPerGNN provides a promising direction to mining decentralized graph data in a privacy-preserving manner for responsible and intelligent personalization.
A supramolecular photosensitizer derived from an Arene-Ru(II) complex self-assembly for NIR activated photodynamic and photothermal therapy
Authors: Xu Gang , Li Chengwei , Chi Chen , Wu Luyan , Sun Yanyan , Zhao Jian , Xia Xing-Hua , Gou Shaohua
Published: June 2022

Effective photosensitizers are of particular importance for the widespread clinical utilization of phototherapy. However, conventional photosensitizers are usually plagued by short-wavelength absorption, inadequate photostability, low reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantum yields, and aggregation-caused ROS quenching. Here, we report a near-infrared (NIR)-supramolecular photosensitizer (RuDA) via self-assembly of an organometallic Ru(II)-arene complex in aqueous solution. RuDA can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) only in aggregate state, showing distinct aggregation-induced 1O2 generation behavior due to the greatly increased singlet-triplet intersystem crossing process. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, RuDA with excellent photostability displays efficient 1O2 and heat generation in a 1O2 quantum yield of 16.4% (FDA-approved indocyanine green: ΦΔ = 0.2%) together with high photothermal conversion efficiency of 24.2% (commercial gold nanorods: 21.0%, gold nanoshells: 13.0%). In addition, RuDA-NPs with good biocompatibility can be preferably accumulated at tumor sites, inducing significant tumor regression with a 95.2% tumor volume reduction in vivo during photodynamic therapy. This aggregation enhanced photodynamic therapy provides a strategy for the design of photosensitizers with promising photophysical and photochemical characteristics.
Machine learning aided construction of the quorum sensing communication network for human gut microbiota
Authors: Wu Shengbo , Feng Jie , Liu Chunjiang , Wu Hao , Qiu Zekai , Ge Jianjun , Sun Shuyang , Hong Xia , Li Yukun , Wang Xiaona , Yang Aidong , Guo Fei , Qiao Jianjun
Published: June 2022

Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-cell communication mechanism that connects members in various microbial systems. Conventionally, a small number of QS entries are collected for specific microbes, which is far from being able to fully depict communication-based complex microbial interactions in human gut microbiota. In this study, we propose a systematic workflow including three modules and the use of machine learning-based classifiers to collect, expand, and mine the QS-related entries. Furthermore, we develop the Quorum Sensing of Human Gut Microbes (QSHGM) database (http://www.qshgm.lbci.net/) including 28,567 redundancy removal entries, to bridge the gap between QS repositories and human gut microbiota. With the help of QSHGM, various communication-based microbial interactions can be searched and a QS communication network (QSCN) is further constructed and analysed for 818 human gut microbes. This work contributes to the establishment of the QSCN which may form one of the key knowledge maps of the human gut microbiota, supporting future applications such as new manipulations to synthetic microbiota and potential therapies to gut diseases.
Optical manipulation of Rashba-split 2-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Michiardi M. , Boschini F. , Kung H.-H. , Na M. X. , Dufresne S. K. Y. , Currie A. , Levy G. , Zhdanovich S. , Mills A. K. , Jones D. J. , Mi J. L. , Iversen B. B. , Hofmann Ph. , Damascelli A.
Published: June 2022

In spintronics, the two main approaches to actively control the electrons’ spin involve static magnetic or electric fields. An alternative avenue relies on the use of optical fields to generate spin currents, which can bolster spin-device performance, allowing for faster and more efficient logic. To date, research has mainly focused on the optical injection of spin currents through the photogalvanic effect, and little is known about the direct optical control of the intrinsic spin-splitting. To explore the optical manipulation of a material’s spin properties, we consider the Rashba effect. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES), we demonstrate that an optical excitation can tune the Rashba-induced spin splitting of a two-dimensional electron gas at the surface of Bi2Se3. We establish that light-induced photovoltage and charge carrier redistribution - which in concert modulate the Rashba spin-orbit coupling strength on a sub-picosecond timescale - can offer an unprecedented platform for achieving optically-driven spin logic devices.
1,4-Aryl migration in ketene-derived enolates by a polar-radical-crossover cascade
Authors: Radhoff Niklas , Studer Armido
Published: June 2022

The arylation of carboxylic acid derivatives via Smiles rearrangement has gained great interest in recent years. Both radical and ionic approaches, as well as radical-polar crossover concepts, have been developed. In contrast, a reversed polar-radical crossover approach remains underexplored. Here we report a simple, efficient and scalable method for the preparation of sterically hindered and valuable α-quaternary amides via a polar-radical crossover-enolate oxidation-aryl migration pathway. A variety of easily accessible N-alkyl and N-arylsulfonamides are reacted with disubstituted ketenes to give the corresponding amide enolates, which undergo upon single electron transfer oxidation, a 1,4-aryl migration, desulfonylation, hydrogen atom transfer cascade to provide α-quaternary amides in good to excellent yields. Various mono- and di-substituted heteroatom-containing and polycyclic arenes engage in the aryl migration reaction. Functional group tolerance is excellent and substrates as well as reagents are readily available rendering the method broadly applicable.
A confined-etching strategy for intrinsic anisotropic surface wetting patterning
Authors: Feng Rui , Song Fei , Zhang Ying-Dan , Wang Xiu-Li , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: June 2022

Anisotropic functional patterned surfaces have shown significant applications in microfluidics, biomedicine and optoelectronics. However, surface patterning relies heavily on high-end apparatuses and expensive moulds/masks and photoresists. Decomposition behaviors of polymers have been widely studied in material science, but as-created chemical and physical structural changes have been rarely considered as an opportunity for wettability manipulation. Here, a facile mask-free confined-etching strategy is reported for intrinsic wettable surface patterning. With printing technology, the surface wetting state is regulated, enabling the chemical etching of setting locations and efficient fabrication of complex patterns. Notably, the created anisotropic patterns can be used for realizing water-responsive information storage and encryption as well as fabricating flexible electrodes. Featuring advantages of simple operation and economic friendliness, this patterning approach brings a bright prospect in developing functional materials with versatile applications.
Factors associated with mortality in early stages of parkinsonism
Authors: van Rumund Anouke , Esselink Rianne A. J. , Berrevoets-Aerts Marjolein B. , Otto Markus , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Verbeek Marcel M.
Published: June 2022

Prognosis of patients with parkinsonism varies greatly between the various parkinsonian syndromes. However, it is often difficult to distinguish the different forms, particularly in early stages. We examined predictors of mortality and functional outcome in patients with recent-onset parkinsonism with an initially uncertain diagnosis (n = 156). Patients were recruited between 2003 and 2006, comprehensively investigated, and followed prospectively (up to 15 years, mean 7 years). A final clinical diagnosis was established after follow-up. Independent predictors of mortality were investigated with multivariable Cox regression and combined into a simple prediction model. Model performance to predict 5- and 10-year mortality and functional outcome after 3 years was evaluated and externally validated in a second cohort of 62 patients with parkinsonism with an initially uncertain diagnosis. Ninety-one patients died (58%). Orthostatic hypotension, impaired cognition, abnormal tandem gait, and elevated neurofilament light chain concentration in serum or CSF were associated with mortality. A simple model that combined these factors showed excellent performance for prediction of functional outcome after 3 years and mortality after 5 and 10 years (c-statistic ~0.90 for all models). Model performance was confirmed after external validation: prediction of functional outcome after 3 years (c-statistic 0.89, 95% CI 0.80–0.98) and mortality after 5 years (c-statistic 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99) were comparable to the results in the discovery cohort. These findings help clinicians to estimate a patient’s prognosis, irrespective of the specific diagnosis.
Toroidal vortices of light
Authors: Wan Chenhao , Cao Qian , Chen Jian , Chong Andy , Zhan Qiwen
Published: June 2022

Toroidal vortices, also known as vortex rings, are whirling, closed-loop disturbances that form a characteristic ring shape in liquids and gases and propagate in a direction that is perpendicular to the plane of the ring. They are well-studied structures and commonly found in various fluid and gas flow scenarios in nature, for example in the human heart, underwater air bubbles and volcanic eruptions1–3. Here we report the experimental observation of a photonic toroidal vortex as a new solution to Maxwell’s equations, generated by the use of conformal mapping4–7. The resulting light field has a helical phase that twists around a closed loop, leading to an azimuthal local orbital angular momentum density. The preparation of such an intriguing state of light may offer insights for exploring the behaviour of toroidal vortices in other disciplines and find important applications in light–matter interactions, optical manipulation, photonic symmetry and topology, and quantum information8–17.
Impact of climate change on river water temperature and dissolved oxygen: Indian riverine thermal regimes
Authors: Rajesh M. , Rehana S.
Published: June 2022

The impact of climate change on the oxygen saturation content of the world’s surface waters is a significant topic for future water quality in a warming environment. While increasing river water temperatures (RWTs) with climate change signals have been the subject of several recent research, how climate change affects Dissolved Oxygen (DO) saturation levels have not been intensively studied. This study examined the direct effect of rising RWTs on saturated DO concentrations. For this, a hybrid deep learning model using Long Short-Term Memory integrated with k-nearest neighbor bootstrap resampling algorithm is developed for RWT prediction addressing sparse spatiotemporal RWT data for seven major polluted river catchments of India at a monthly scale. The summer RWT increase for Tunga-Bhadra, Sabarmati, Musi, Ganga, and Narmada basins are predicted as 3.1, 3.8, 5.8, 7.3, 7.8 °C, respectively, for 2071–2100 with ensemble of NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections of air temperature with Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. The RWT increases up to7 °C for summer, reaching close to 35 °C, and decreases DO saturation capacity by 2–12% for 2071–2100. Overall, for every 1 °C RWT increase, there will be about 2.3% decrease in DO saturation level concentrations over Indian catchments under climate signals.