bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of new and worn manual toothbrushes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Silva Francisco Hecktheuer , Montagner Anelise Fernandes , Silveira Mateus Costa , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes
Published: October 2022

Objective

To systematically review the literature about the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of new and worn manual toothbrushes.

Methods

Five databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials, involving adults, comparing the clinical efficacy of new and worn manual toothbrushes. Experimental groups need to have different usage time in changing their manual toothbrush. Two reviewers performed studies selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment independently. Meta‐analyses were performed comparing the toothbrushes after a single use (antiplaque efficacy) and after multiple uses (antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy).

Results

Eight studies were included, totalling 344 individuals. In studies with a single‐use design, no statistically difference was found between new and worn toothbrushes for antiplaque efficacy (SMD:‐0.39; 95%CI:−0.80 to 0.03). Studies with a multiple‐use design showed no statistically difference between groups for the antigingivitis efficacy (MD:−0.10; 95%CI:−0.24 to 0.03). However, higher antiplaque efficacy was demonstrated in new toothbrushes in the studies with a multiple‐use design (SMD:−0.75; 95%CI:−1.37 to −0.14). The certainty of the evidence ranged from very low (antiplaque) to low (antigingivitis).

Conclusion

New and worn toothbrushes presented similar antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy. However, further randomized controlled trials, with a lower risk of bias, are needed to enhance the certainty of this evidence.
Impacts of natural antioxidants on the fatty acid profiles of vacuum‐packaged tuna‐like muscles
Authors: Lahreche Talal , Ozogul Fatih , Ucar Yilmaz , Ameur Abderrahmane
Published: October 2022

The impacts of natural preservatives such as olive leaf (Olea europaea L.) and sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) extracts (OLE and SME) and cold storage on the fatty acid profiles of vacuum‐packaged tuna‐like muscles were evaluated. At the end of the storage time, the lowest content of the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) was observed in both ordinary and dark muscles of the treated samples (OLE and SME) whereas the highest content was found in their counterparts from the untreated samples (control). The total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents decreased markedly in both ordinary and dark muscles of the control samples. In contrast, treated samples remained relatively stable throughout the storage time since the employment of plant extracts had protective effects against lipid oxidation and help maintain MUFA and PUFA levels in frigate tuna muscles. In addition, the PUFA/SFA ratio and polyene index which are considered important dietetic parameters showed that the used plant extracts (OLE and SME) did not result in a reduction in the PUFA/SFA ratio and prevented PUFA damage in both frigate tuna muscles during storage. Thus, the use of plant extracts such as OLE and SME can be recommended as natural preservatives for the fish processing industry.
The digitally mediated lives of women MSME entrepreneurs in India: Navigating the “access‐use” conundrum
Authors: Mishra Anindya Jayanta , Mohanty Elisa
Published: October 2022

The dialectics of information and communication technologies (ICTs) entail their potential in fostering digital dividends and fomenting digital exclusion. Based on 165 personal interviews with women entrepreneurs of MSMEs in the Ganjam and Gajapati districts of the state of Odisha in India, this study considers the opportunities and challenges regarding the access and use of ICTs. The primary intent of the study is to explore the participants’ views on the diversity of ICT use, the relevance of these technologies for their businesses, and the challenges they face while using the digital technologies. Deploying Amartya Sen's Capability Approach (CA) as the primary theoretical lens, this study documents the popularity of “new ICTs” among the respondents, the constraints they face in performing digital transactions, their views on digital exclusion, and the impact of local factors (language barriers and institutional support) on their digital appropriation. Based on these findings, the study emphasises the need for increased availability of business‐relevant content on ICT platforms, incorporation of ICT training in ongoing programmes, and explores ways of overcoming the language barriers and promoting effective use of digital payment applications. This study aims at enhancing the ICT‐related capability sets of women entrepreneurs in the underdeveloped sub‐regions of India.
The adaptive ability performance test (ADAPT): A factor analytic study in clients with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Jonker Femke , de Looff Peter , van Erp Sara , Nijman Henk , Didden Robert
Published: October 2022

Background

The adaptive ability performance test (ADAPT) was developed to assess adaptive skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning, with or without mental disorders. As a follow‐up to earlier research on the ADAPT, a factor analytic study was conducted.

Method

One thousand and sixty six ADAPTs from clients with (suspected) intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning and 129 ADAPTs from participants from the general population were collected along with other characteristics (e.g., IQ, psychiatric classifications, living situation).

Results

An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed and resulted in good fit indices. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multigroup CFA showed acceptable to good fit indices. This resulted in an instrument with eight factors and 62 items.

Conclusion

Factor analytic results suggest that the ADAPT is a valid instrument that measures adaptive skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning.
Seeking Legitimacy Through Knowledge Production: The Politics of Monitoring and Evaluation of the EU Trust Fund for Africa
Authors: Welfens Natalie , Bonjour Saskia
Published: October 2022

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is a form of expert knowledge that is central to migration governance. This article analyses M&E of the EU Trust Fund for Africa (EUTF), created in 2015 to ‘fight the root causes of migration’. Combining institutionalist accounts with practice theory, we examine whether M&E knowledge production served the instrumental purpose of assessing policy impact or mainly legitimated particular policy actors and positions. We find that M&E did not produce evidence on whether the EUTF met its objectives. However, in the context of the EU's multiple crises, M&E knowledge production served to seek legitimacy not only for the EUTF, but also for the further fusion of development and migration policies, and for the EU as a competent and transparent actor. Our analysis highlights that knowledge use and knowledge production are connected, and that M&E knowledge politics allow for the legitimation of both actors and policies.
Clinical signs of type 1 diabetes are associated with type 2 diabetes marker transcription factor 7‐like 2 polymorphism
Authors: Ergür Efe , Ergür Ege , Alnek Kristi , Metsküla Kaja , Peet Aleksandr , Lubi Maire , Heilman Kaire , Uibo Raivo
Published: October 2022

Aims/Introduction

We aimed to assess the distribution of transcription factor 7‐like 2 gene TCF7L2 (rs7903146) polymorphism and to find possible associations between TCF7L2 and the characteristics of type 1 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We studied 190 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients (median age 12.7 years, range 2.0–72.5) and 246 controls (median age 23.8 years, range 1.4–81.5) for TCF7L2 single nucleotide polymorphism. We determined anti‐islet autoantibodies, random C‐peptide levels, diabetes associated HLA DR/DQ haplotypes and genotypes in all patients.

Results

There were no differences in the distribution of TCF7L2 single nucleotide polymorphism between patients and controls. However, patients with in type 1 diabetes, after adjusting for age and sex, subjects carrying C allele were at risk for a C‐peptide level lower than 0.5 nmol/L (OR 5.65 [95% CI: 1.14–27.92]) and for zinc transporter 8 autoantibody positivity (5.22 [1.34–20.24]). Participants without T allele were associated with a higher level of islet antigen‐2 autoantibodies (3.51 [1.49–8.27]) and zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (2.39 [1.14–4.99]).

Conclusions

The connection of TCF7L2 polymorphism with zinc transporter 8 and islet antigen‐2 autoantibodies and C‐peptide levels in patients supports the viewpoint that TCF7L2 is associated with the clinical signs and autoimmune characteristics of type 1 diabetes. The mechanisms of the interaction between the TCF7L2 risk genotype and anti‐islet autoantibodies need to be studied further.
Biology and postnatal development of organ systems of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Li Xiantang , Santos Rosemary , Bernal Jan E. , Li Dingzhou D. , Hargaden Maureen , Khan Nasir K.
Published: October 2022

Background

The cynomolgus macaque has become the most used non‐human primate species in nonclinical safety assessment during the past decades.

Methods

This review summarizes the biological data and organ system development milestones of the cynomolgus macaque available in the literature.

Results

The cynomolgus macaque is born precocious relative to humans in some organ systems (e.g., nervous, skeletal, respiratory, and gastrointestinal). Organ systems develop, refine, and expand at different rates after birth. In general, the respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, and hematopoietic systems mature at approximately 3 years of age. The female reproductive, cardiovascular and hepatobiliary systems mature at approximately 4 years of age. The central nervous, skeletal, immune, male reproductive, and endocrine systems complete their development at approximately 5 to 9 years of age.

Conclusions

The cynomolgus macaque has no meaningful developmental differences in critical organ systems between 2 and 3 years of age for use in nonclinical safety assessment.
Combining curcumin and aspirin ameliorates preeclampsia‐like symptoms by inhibiting the placental TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway in rats
Authors: Ju Yaru , Feng Yan , Yang Yanjing , Hou Xiaolin , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhu Xihui , Wang Yage , Yang Meiliu
Published: October 2022

Aim

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common medical complication of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria after the 20th gestational week. This study aimed to investigate the potency of the combination of curcumin and aspirin in the treatment of PE and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Material and Methods

The PE model was constructed in female rats by administering 0.5 mg/mL N‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester from gestational days (GDs) 6 to 16. The pregnant female rats were divided into five groups according to the drug treatment. The curcumin or aspirin was given to the rats by tail vein injection (0.36 mg/kg) or gavage treatment (1.5 mg/kg BW/day) from GD4 to GD18.

Results

Treatment with curcumin and aspirin combination significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure and proteinuria in the PE rats. Meanwhile, in comparison to the PE rats treated with single‐dose curcumin or aspirin, the rats treated with combined curcumin and aspirin showed significantly decreased sFlt‐1, increased placental growth factor, and alleviated oxidative stress in both blood and placental tissues, which are abnormal in no‐treated PE rats. Furthermore, dramatically decreased inflammatory cytokines secretion and TLR4 and NF‐κB p65 expression in placental tissues were also observed in the PE rats with combined treatment compared to those of no‐treated, signal‐dose curcumin or aspirin‐treated PE rats.

Conclusions

Our results suggested that the combined treatment of curcumin and aspirin significantly ameliorates the symptoms of PE in rats, which is most likely due to the inhibition of the placental TLR4/NF‐κB p65 signaling pathway.
Wear pattern‐associated color stability of prefabricated composite veneers versus ceramic veneers
Authors: Dederichs Marco , Viebranz Stephanie , An Hongseok , Guentsch Arndt , Kuepper Harald
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of different surface wear patterns on the discoloration tendency of two different prefabricated composite veneers and lithium disilicate ceramic veneers.

Materials and methods

Discoloration tendency of two prefabricated composite resin veneers (Visalys Veneer Chairside (VIS) and Componeer (COM)) were compared to lithium disilicate veneers (IPS) in vitro. For each material, n = 60 samples were allocated to different test groups, and therefore each n = 10 specimens per group went through different wear tests. Mechanical abrasion tests were conducted using a toothbrush simulator, while erosive effects were carried out by citric acid (pH 1.57). A combination of abrasion and erosion tests was conducted as well. Four groups of wear tests were implemented: (1) abrasion, (2) abrasion followed by erosion, (3) erosion, and (4) erosion followed by abrasion. Another group was stored in distilled water as the control and one group was stained without a prior wear test. The staining solution was made from a coffee‐tobacco brew. Specimens were stored in the coffee‐tobacco solution for 21 days. Color measurements were performed with VITA Easyshade. To evaluate intramaterial discoloration, one half of every specimen was protected with foil. After storage in the staining solution, the first measurement was carried out on the ‘protected’ (untreated) surface, followed by a second measurement on the ‘processed’ (treated) discolored surface. Euclidean distance (ΔE) of discoloration was calculated according to the CIE‐L*C*h* system. Data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Games‐Howell post hoc test and paired t‐test (α = 0.05).

Results

Highest changes in ΔE were found in COM after ‘abrasion’ (ΔE −2.55) and ‘erosion followed by abrasion’ (ΔE −1.41). The discoloration tendency of VIS was affected by all wear tests, but changes were below the perceptive threshold (ΔE −0.19–0.32). Only abrasion followed by erosion affected the discoloration of IPS significantly, but findings were below the perceptive threshold, as well (ΔE −0.09).

Conclusions

Prefabricated composite resin veneers revealed a low level of discoloration tendency after different wear tests. Nevertheless, in most cases the lowest discoloration tendency was found in specimens made from lithium disilicate.
Safety, pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of ABI‐H2158, a hepatitis B virus core inhibitor: A randomized, placebo‐controlled phase 1 study
Authors: Agarwal Kosh , Xu Jia , Gane Edward J. , Nguyen Tuan T. , Ding Yanhua , Knox Steven J. , Alves Katia , Evanchik Marc , Zomorodi Katie , Ma Julie , Yan Ran , Huang Qi , Colonno Richard , Stamm Luisa M. , Hassanein Tarek I. , Kim Dong Joon , Lim Young‐Suk , Yuen Man‐Fung
Published: October 2022

Treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus infection (cHBV) is mostly indefinite, with new finite‐duration therapies needed. We report safety, pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of the investigational HBV core inhibitor ABI‐H2158. This Phase 1a/b study (NCT03714152) had three parts: Part A, participants received a single ascending oral dose of ABI‐H2158 (5–500 mg) or placebo; Part B, participants received multiple doses of ABI‐H2158 300 mg once (QD) or twice (BID) daily or placebo, for 10 days; Part C, cHBV patients received ABI‐H2158 (100, 300, or 500 mg QD or 300 mg BID) or placebo, for 14 days. Ninety‐three participants enrolled. In Parts A/B, there were no serious adverse events (SAEs) or deaths, and all treatment‐emergent AEs (TEAEs) were Grade 1. In Part C, two patients had Grade 3 TEAEs unrelated to ABI‐H2158; there were no deaths, SAEs or Grade 4 TEAEs. In Part A, median time to maximum ABI‐H2158 plasma concentration (Tmax) and mean terminal elimination half‐life (t½) were 1–4 and 9.8–20.7 h, and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve increased dose proportionally. In Part B, Day 10 Tmax was 2 h, mean t½ was 15.5–18.4 h, and exposure accumulated 1.7‐ to 3.1‐fold. In Part C, Day 14 Tmax was 1 h, exposure accumulated 1.4‐ to 1.8‐fold, and ABI‐H2158 was associated with >2 log10 declines in HBV nucleic acids. In conclusion, ABI‐H2158 in cHBV patients following 14 days of dosing was well tolerated and demonstrated potent antiviral activity. Safety and pharmacokinetics supported future QD dosing.
Pharmacokinetics of escalating single‐dose administration of cannabidiol to cats
Authors: Rozental Aaron J. , Gustafson Daniel L. , Kusick Breonna R. , Bartner Lisa R. , Castro Stephanie Cruz , McGrath Stephanie
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to assess the single‐dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a cannabidiol (CBD) isolate in sunflower oil with escalating oral doses in eight healthy, purpose‐bred cats. Eight cats were randomized into six dosing groups of four cats each. Cats were administered a single 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg dose orally with at least a two‐week washout in between doses. Behavior scoring, complete blood count, serum biochemistry analysis, physical examination, and CBD plasma levels were evaluated before and after dosing. All cats successfully completed the study. CBD was measured in the plasma of all cats dosed with CBD oil. The Cmax and AUC increased in a dose‐proportional fashion across all dosing groups. There were no major bloodwork or behavioral changes although the BUN and creatinine values decreased after treatment across all doses. No adverse effects were observed, and behavioral changes were limited to head shaking, lip smacking, and hypersalivation immediately following dose administration. Single orally administered CBD doses up to 80 mg/kg were safe and well tolerated in this cohort of cats and display dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics across a broad concentration.
Use of thermal imaging and the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) to detect wheat response to elevated CO2 and drought
Authors: Mulero Gabriel , Jiang Duo , Bonfil David J. , Helman David
Published: October 2022

The spectral‐based photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and leaf surface temperature (Tleaf) derived from thermal imaging are two indicative metrics of plant functioning. The relationship of PRI with radiation‐use efficiency (RUE) and Tleaf with leaf transpiration could be leveraged to monitor crop photosynthesis and water use from space. Yet, it is unclear how such relationships will change under future high carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) and drought. Here we established an [CO2] enrichment experiment in which three wheat genotypes were grown at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (550 ppm) [CO2] and exposed to well‐watered and drought conditions in two glasshouse rooms in two replicates. Leaf transpiration (Tr) and latent heat flux (LE) were derived to assess evaporative cooling, and RUE was calculated from assimilation and radiation measurements on several dates along the season. Simultaneous hyperspectral and thermal images were taken at 1.5 m from the plants to derive PRI and the temperature difference between the leaf and its surrounding air (Tleaf−air). We found significant PRI and RUE and Tleaf−air and Tr correlations, with no significant differences among the genotypes. A PRI–RUE decoupling was observed under drought at ambient [CO2] but not at elevated [CO2], likely due to changes in photorespiration. For a LE range of 350 W m–2, the ΔTleaf−air range was 10°C at ambient [CO2] and only 4°C at elevated [CO2]. Thicker leaves in plants grown at elevated [CO2] suggest higher leaf water content and consequently more efficient thermoregulation at high [CO2] conditions. In general, Tleaf was maintained closer to the ambient temperature at elevated [CO2], even under drought. PRI, RUE, ΔTleaf−air, and Tr decreased linearly with canopy depth, displaying a single PRI‐RUE and ΔTleaf−air Tr model through the canopy layers. Our study shows the utility of these sensing metrics in detecting wheat responses to future environmental changes.
Gastrointestinal worms and bacteria: From association to intervention
Authors: Rooney James , Cantacessi Cinzia , Sotillo Javier , Cortés Alba
Published: October 2022

A plethora of studies, both experimental and epidemiological, have indicated the occurrence of associations between infections by gastrointestinal (GI) helminths and the composition and function of the host gut microbiota. Given the worldwide risk and spread of anthelmintic resistance, particularly for GI parasites of livestock, a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the relationships between GI helminths and the gut microbiome, and between the latter and host health, may assist the development of novel microbiome‐targeting and other bacteria‐based strategies for parasite control. In this article, we review current and prospective methods to manipulate the host gut microbiome, and/or to exploit the immune stimulatory and modulatory properties of gut bacteria (and their products) to counteract the negative impact of GI worm infections; we also discuss the potential applications of these intervention strategies in programmes aimed to aid the fight against helminth diseases of humans and livestock.
Association between behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and residence status in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Midorikawa Haruhiko , Ekoyama Saori , Tachikawa Hirokazu , Ota Miho , Tamura Masashi , Takahashi Takumi , Sekine Aya , Ide Masayuki , Matsuzaki Asaki , Nemoto Miyuki , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Arai Tetsuaki
Published: October 2022

Background

Examining the relationship between the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and residence status is crucial to improving BPSD and reducing the burden on caregivers. However, studies on how BPSD differ between individuals living at home and those in institutional settings are lacking. We conducted a questionnaire survey among healthcare providers (HCPs) involved in dementia care and nursing to clarify the characteristics of BPSD by residence status in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) living at home or in facilities.

Methods

We sent questionnaires to HCPs and asked them to answer questions on up to five cases that needed treatment for BPSD and who received long‐term care insurance services from 1 April 2016 to 31 March 2017. Responses were received for 371 cases, of which 130 diagnosed with AD were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: patients with AD living at home (home care group) and patients with AD living in facilities (facility care group). A Chi‐square test was used to identify differences between the two groups. A binomial logistic regression analysis was also conducted to clarify the association between residence status and BPSD.

Results

Of the 130 patients, 72 lived at home (home care group) and 58 resided in facilities (facility care group). None of the background factors was significantly different between the two groups. The Chi‐square test indicated that sleep disturbance was significantly more common in the facility care group (60.3% in the facility care group vs. 33.3% in the home care group, P = 0.003), while the logistic regression analysis indicated that sleep disturbance was significantly associated with residence status (odds ratio: 2.529, P = 0.038).

Conclusions

Sleep disturbances were more frequently observed among patients with AD living in institutions than among those living in their homes.
What is the clinical relevance of deviant serum calcium and phosphate levels after pig‐to‐primate kidney xenotransplantation?
Authors: Lucander Aaron C. K. , Judd Eric , Cooper David K. C.
Published: October 2022

Experience from human renal allotransplantation informs us that disturbances in serum calcium and phosphate levels are relatively common. Post‐transplant hypercalcemia is associated with an increased risk of recipient mortality, but not of graft loss or nephropathy, and post‐transplant hyperphosphatemia with an increased risk of both recipient mortality and death‐censored graft failure, but neither post‐transplant hypocalcemia nor hypophosphatemia is associated with adverse outcome.

Studies after pig‐to‐nonhuman primate kidney xenotransplantation have demonstrated consistent supranormal serum calcium and subnormal serum phosphate levels. If these trends in serum electrolyte levels were to occur following pig‐to‐human kidney xenotransplantation, the data from allotransplant studies would indicate an increased risk of recipient mortality (associated with hypercalcemia) but not of graft loss or nephropathy, and no adverse outcome from hypophosphatemia.

Furthermore, some nonhuman primates are now surviving in a healthy state for longer than a year after life‐supporting pig kidney transplantation, suggesting that chronic hypercalcemia and/or hypophosphatemia are not detrimental to long‐term survival, and should not prevent clinical trials of pig kidney transplantation from being undertaken.
Prioriti Dalam Perbelanjaan Urusan Perkahwinan Masyarakat Melayu Menurut Syarak (Priority In Marriage Expediture By Malays Society From Shariah Perspective)
Authors: Husin Syh Noorul Madihah Syed , Ab Rahman Asmak , Azahari Raihanah
Published: October 2022

Married couple or their family will spend for marriage either with a reasonable budget or a huge budget. Marriage expenditure in Malay community is for various purpose such as feast, ceremony, decorations, wedding gift, door gifts, photography session and so on. The expenditures on these elements are typically spent without considering the priority of the wedding. This article will explain the elements of marriage expenditure be it from the Shariah perspective and cultural or current trend of wedding celebration. This article will also discuss the priority of expenditure according to fiqh of consumerism and further analyse the priority of marriage expenditure based on the concept of marriage in Islam. Through a qualitative approach, this study will compile and analyse data through content analysis methods and the data will be obtained through documentation of scientific material in the field of fiqh of consumerism, fiqh of family and Malay cultural practices of marriage. This study finds that priority in expenditure should either be based on marriage obligation classified as hajiyyat or tahsiniyyat or the purpose of expenditure. These two prioritizing elements should be emphasized for every future bride and groom in ensuring better management of marriage expenditure according to the Islamic law based on fiqh of consumerism.
Muslim Disunity and Lost in the First Crusade
Authors: Alatas Alwi , Mansor Majdin Mohamad Firdaus
Published: October 2022

The Frankish army in the First Crusade were moved by the call of Pope Urban II in 1095. Over the next four years, they succeeded in capturing important cities in Asia Minor and al-Shām (Greater Syria), such as Nicaea, Edessa, Antioch and Jerusalem. The strength of the crusading forces was actually not greater than that of the Muslims and they were also not advanced in term of culture and science vis-a-vis the Muslims. In hindsight, this shows that there were other reasons that caused the defeat of the Muslims during the First Crusade. This study uses historical analysis as its methodology to see the correlation between the defeat of the Muslims and the political division that was prevailing among them during the First Crusade. This study suggests that there is a strong correlation between disunity and the defeat of the Muslims during the First Crusade.
Teras Akidah Islam Dalam Dinamika Jati Diri Keluarga Muslim daripada Kitab Manhaj al-Tarbiah al-Nabawiyyah li al-Ṭifli karya Muḥammad Nūr ‘Abd. Ḥafīz Suwayd (The Elementary of Faith in Dinamic Identity of A Muslim Family from the book of Manhaj al-Tarbiah al-Nabawiyyah li al-Ṭifli by Muḥammad Nur ‘Abd. Ḥāfiz Suwayd)
Authors: M. Fariddudin Siti Noor Farahin , Mohd Khambali @ Hambali Khadijah , Syed Abdul Rahman Syed Mohammad Hilmi
Published: October 2022

The ability of Islam in building the civilization has been proven throughout the history. Islam has transformed and revolutionized the culture of men by encompassing on faith, doing-behaviour, and moral elements. These elements also preserves the identity, culture and the way of life of Muslim communities. The refreshment of Islamic principle is needed now to enhance the dynamic identity of Muslim family. To ensure it is successful, it requires the early children’s education as mentioned by Muḥammad Nūr ‘Abd. Ḥafīz Suwayd, one of the islamic education scholar in his book, Manhaj al-Tarbiah al-Nabawiyyah Ii al-Ṭifli. The aspects of faith, doing-behaviour and morals are the main elements of his book in order to produce a generation embracing the islamic values by cultivating them early in the children’s education. However, this study focus on the faith element without denying the importance of doing-behaviour and moral elements as the effort to build the dynamic identity of Muslim family. This study presents textual methods and content analysis as the main methods of data collection by using the inductive and deductive methods for data analysis. As a result, the element of faith in a Muslim family can be built on several foundations as proposed by Muḥammad Nūr ‘Abd. Ḥafīz Suwayd and can be adapted by parents nowadays to strengthen their children’s identity in the family.
Pemikiran Raja Ali Haji Tentang Sifat Dengki: Analisis Terhadap Thamarat Al-Muhimmah dan Tuhfat Al-Nafis (Raja Ali Haji’s Thought on Envy: An Analysis Based on Thamarat Al-Muhimmah and Tuhfat Al-Nafis)
Authors: Kasa Annuar Ramadhon , Abdullah Akmaliza
Published: October 2022

Envy is one of psychological disorder which could cause various negative impacts such as slander, quarrel and even assassination. Raja Ali Haji specially emphasized this matter theoretically in the last chapter of Thamarat al-Muhimmah (Mirror for Rulers Works) while numerous of real-life examples pertaining to the envy elements based on historical events appeared in Tuhfat al-Nafis (Historical Works). Thus, this article endeavours to analyse Raja Ali Haji’s thought regarding envy based on his afore mentioned two works. This is qualitative research, which applies library research method to collect data and textual analysis method with inductive approach to analyse the data. The finding indicates a holistic picture of envy in accordance to Raja Ali Haji’s view encompassed the definition, retribution, historical illustration and the cure for this disease. According to him, the envy is one of human internal disposition crisis, which orientates towards tyranny. The delineation of the envy element by Raja Ali Haji in both of his works depicts his exertion to produce a good man by liberating from the disorder. Its significance for oneself to liberate from this tyranny orientated disorder due to its impact which may triggering negative consequences in world and hereafter.
Impak Penggunaan Media Sosial Sebagai Saluran Perhubungan Awam Islam: Analisis Kajian Rintis (The Impact of the Use of Social Media as an Islamic Public Relations Channel: An Analysis of a Pilot Study)
Authors: Ridzuan Ahmad Al-Munzir , Kamri Nor ‘Azzah , Mohd Yusoff Zulkifli
Published: October 2022

This pilot study was carried out to determine the level of trustworthiness of the social media impact instrument as a channel of Islamic public relations in Darul Quran towards younger generation. A quantitative study using questionnaire was used, and it was distributed online using Google Form. This study involved 30 participants, ages between 20 to 24. Based on the literature, there are five impacts of social media as an Islamic public relations channel which include awareness, perception, speculation, understanding as well as image and reputation. Therefore, the constructs was created based on these five elements. From the analysis, it was found that the Cronbach’s alpha value for the awareness was 0.859, while the perception was 0.969. On the other hand, Cronbach's alpha value for the speculation was 0.881, while the value for understanding element was 0.833. Cronbach's alpha value for the last element which are image and reputation, was 0.935. The results of the five-construct analysis also demonstrate that the mean values are between medium and high. Thus, the result of this study shows that all of these constructs are reliable and can be used for actual data collection.
New Norm For Islamic Co-Curricular Activities In Schools
Authors: Sulaiman Alhuzaee , Ashaari Muhamad Faisal , Abd. Khafidz Hasanah
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world since early 2020 has also affected the education system in Malaysia. The push for change across all aspects of schooling, including Islamic co-curricular activities in schools, necessitated implementation according to the new norm, namely online. This study uses a qualitative approach aimed at exploring the types of Islamic co-curriculum practices and identifying the challenges of online implementation in secondary schools in the Putrajaya locality. Eleven Islamic activity coordinator teachers were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data collected through interviews were analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti version 9.0 software. The results of the study found that four types of school Islamic co-curricular activity are implemented namely lecture, religious practice, contest, and modular activity. The main challenges in implementation are internet access problems, interaction limitations, student motivation, digital device ownership, and technical skills. Therefore, to ensure that the implementation of the Islamic co-curriculum has a positive impact on students, these problems need to be adequately addressed. For the future study, it is a need to examine quantitatively the impact of online Islamic co-curriculum activities on students.
New Optimized Dynamic Calibration Proposition for Discretized Sensorized Insoles With Resistive Force Sensor: A Descriptive and Comparative Study
Authors: Nascimento Diego Henrique Antunes , Magalhães Fabrício Anicio , Sabino George Schayer , Resende Renan Alves , Duarte Maria Lúcia Machado , Vimieiro Claysson Bruno Santos
Published: October 2022

Sensorized insoles (SIs) have been used as a wearable instrument to study human gait and have the potential to identify and predict pathologies and injuries. However, most of these sensorized insoles are only statically calibrated, relying on a scale and known weights to establish a relationship between electrical signals and the load applied on laboratory benches while ignoring the dynamic interaction between person and instrument. This study proposes and verifies a calibration method complementary to static calibration to compensate for different dynamic interactions between the insole and the individual during gait. In order to perform this comparison, a laboratory test was proposed with 32 volunteers (18 men and 14 women). Each volunteer walked on a double-belt instrumented treadmill (Bertec at 1000 Hz, Bertec Corp, Columbus, OH) while wearing an experimental resistive sensorized insole (SI). The SI data were compared with the instrumented treadmill and adjusted using an optimization algorithm to create a dynamic coefficient to complement and optimize the results. This study also verifies the impact of the method considering three different types of gait: pronated, neutral, and supinated. After using this technique and considering static calibration, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the SI and the instrumented treadmill improved by 12%.
Effect of Elongation of a Rod on Strain Inhomogeneity and Shape Change During the Compression-Type Forming Process
Authors: Hwang Joong-Ki
Published: October 2022

The influence of elongation on the strain inhomogeneity and shape change in twinning-induced plasticity steel rod is systematically investigated to understand the macroscopic shear band (MSB) formation mechanism and to decrease the strain inhomogeneity during the compression-type forming processes. Specimens fabricated by rod flat rolling with elongation (3D rod) and by plane compression without elongation (2D rod) are compared using both finite element analysis and experiment. Despite the similar final product shape, the 2D rod presents a lower effective strain at the surface region than the 3D rod, leading to a high strain inhomogeneity. The higher effective strain at the surface region of the 3D rod is mainly attributed to the elongation of the 3D rod during the rolling. In contrast, the 2D rod exhibits strong dead metal zones owing to the lack of elongation of the specimen. Therefore, the formation of MSBs or strain inhomogeneity of a specimen can be reduced by increasing the elongation of the specimens during the forming process. Both the contact width and lateral spread of the 3D rod are lower than those of the 2D rod because of the elongation of the 3D rod originating from the slip effect at the rod–roll interface during the rolling process. The small frictional effect at the rod and roll interface increased the elongation of the rod, leading to a decrease in the strain inhomogeneity and lateral spreading in the 3D rod.
A Hybrid Semantic Networks Construction Framework for Engineering Design
Authors: Cheligeer Cheligeer , Yang Jiami , Bayatpour Amin , Miklin Alexandra , Dufresne Stéphane , Lin Lan , Bhuiyan Nadia , Zeng Yong
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes a novel framework for building semantic networks from a seed design statement using Recursive Object Modeling (ROM), Word2Vec language modeling, and vector semantic-based method. Semantic Scholar API was used to retrieve abstracts of scientific papers to build ROM-based Semantic Networks to address the design problem implied in the seed design statement, following Environment Analysis from Environment-Based Design (EBD) methodology. The proposed framework was applied to construct the semantic network for a project to design aircraft braking systems, which demonstrates the framework's efficiency. The presented research makes two major contributions: a ROM-based phrase extractor and a domain-specific language model, which is trained on the automatically collected literature abstracts. Using a manually created and assessed truth set containing 100 pairs of abstract-key phrases, the phrase extractor was evaluated by benchmarking it with two existing off-the-shelf key phrase extraction algorithms: TextRank and Rake. The ROM-based phrase extractor extracted most key phrases from target domains and showed higher precision, recall, and F-1 scores than other methods. Meanwhile, the trained project-specific language model was evaluated using the NASA thesaurus. We randomly sampled 457 pairs of connected domain-specific terms related to aircraft braking and landing knowledge. Our Skip-gram model was compared with Google's pre-trained word2vec model and a baseline word2vec model. The results demonstrated that our language model could detect the most pairs of concepts from the NASA thesaurus. The generated semantic network can be applied to design information retrieval, computer-aided design idea generation, cross-domain communication support system, and designer training tool.
Stress Shifting Effect of Hydrogen Mixed Natural Gas Pipe Under Seismic Wave
Authors: Yang H. H. , Zhang J. , Chen Y.
Published: October 2022

Hydrogen energy is a kind of clean secondary energy sources. Mixed hydrogen natural gas transportation technology is a new scheme of hydrogen transportation. Using natural gas pipe to transport hydrogen is expected to further promote its application. In order to study the mechanical properties of buried steel pipe under seismic waves, a numerical model is established. The time history and stress distribution of pipe section under seismic wave are analyzed. Effects of seismic intensity, surrounding soil, buried depth and seismic wave type on pipe's mechanical properties are discussed. The results show that the pipe section stress fluctuates under seismic wave, and the stress shifting effect occurs. The maximum stress is located in the directions of 45 deg, 135 deg, 225 deg, and 315 deg. Stress increases with the increasing of seismic intensity, and the stress distribution of pipe section is also changed. Stress responses of the pipe in different soil are different, and the stress distribution of pipe section at the maximum stress time is similar. The deeper the buried depth is, the greater the pipe stress is. Pipe stress is related to the maximum acceleration of the seismic wave and spectrum characteristics. Those results can provide a basis for the design and safety evaluation of mixed hydrogen natural gas pipes.
Numerical Investigation of Temperatures in Ultra-Large Off-the-Road Tires Under Operating Conditions at Mine Sites
Authors: Ma Shaosen , Wu Linping , Liu Wei Victor
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study is to conduct a numerical investigation to examine the temperatures in off-the-road (OTR) tires under operating conditions at mine sites. To achieve this, a new mathematical equation was developed based on a modified Mooney–Rivlin (MR) strain energy function, the pseudo-elasticity theory, and the inverse analysis method. This equation was used to determine the internal heat generation rates of tire rubbers. With heat generation rates, the governing equation of heat conduction and the mathematical expression of boundary conditions were further generated to describe the heat transfer in tire rubbers. Based on these equations, a novel finite element (FE) OTR tire thermal (OTRTire-T) model was developed. This OTRTire-T model was used to numerically investigate temperatures in OTR tires at vertical loads from 0.34 to 1.04 MN, hauling speeds from 5 to 30 km/h, and ambient temperatures from −30 to 40 °C. The results showed that a large vertical load (e.g., 1.04 MN) increased the tire rubber temperatures considerably. Tire rubber temperature also increased with an increase in hauling speeds, and the increase became more significant at larger vertical loads (e.g., 1.04 MN). The OTRTire-T model identified an inverse proportional relationship between the rubber temperature increments and the ambient temperatures from −30 to 40 °C. Nonetheless, the rubber temperature in the OTR tire increased relatively rapidly with an increase in ambient temperatures.
Aeromechanical Optimization of Scalloping in Mixed Flow Turbines
Authors: Elliott Matthew , Spence Stephen , Seiler Martin , Geron Marco
Published: October 2022

Scalloping of radial and mixed-flow turbocharger turbine rotors has been commonplace for many years as a means of inertia reduction and stress relief. The interest in turbine rotor inertia reduction is driven by transient loading requirements of turbocharged internal combustion engines, as this is a key factor in the time taken to meet transient engine torque requirements. Due to the high-density materials used in turbine rotors, any material removal from the turbine wheel has a significant impact on turbocharger inertia, and thus the transient response of the engine. It is well known that scalloping reduces not only inertia, but also efficiency. This study aimed to identify if it was possible to produce a new scallop design which reduced the scalloping efficiency penalty without increasing inertia or compromising mechanical constraints. This was carried out with the aim of developing design recommendations for scalloping where a complete minimization of inertia is not the design goal. A multipoint, multi-physics numerical optimization, with constraints on inertia and back disc stress, was carried out to determine what efficiency benefit could be realized by aerodynamically designing mixed-flow turbine scalloping. An efficiency benefit was identified across the entire turbocharger operating line, with increased benefit at low engine load, whilst not exceeding the design constraints. Scalloping losses for the baseline design were found to be greatest at low engine load, where the turbine experienced a low expansion ratio, mass flow, and speed. This explains why an aerodynamic redesign yields the greatest benefit under those operating conditions. These performance predictions were experimentally validated on the cold flow test rig at Queen's University Belfast, with good agreement between simulated and measured data. To conclude the study, a detailed loss audit was carried out to identify key loss generating flow structures and to understand how changes in geometry affected the formation and development of these flow structures throughout the passage. A large vortex which entered the passage from the scalloped region and interacted with the tip leakage vortex along the suction surface of the blade was identified as the main source of loss due to scalloping. The optimized design was found to better control the location of entry of this vortex into the blade passage, thus reducing the associated loss and facilitating a performance improvement. Geometric design guidelines were then proposed based on these findings.
Numerical Investigations on the Rotating Stall in an Axial Compressor and Its Control by Flow Injection at Casing
Authors: Marty Julien , Castillon Lionel , Joseph Pierric
Published: October 2022

The operating range of a compressor is limited by surge or rotating stall line, among others. Numerical simulations must accurately predict these phenomena. This study is based on the experimental compressor CME2, which is a low-subsonic axial compressor. This compressor is tip-critical as the rotor tip is responsible for the rotating stall. This paper shows that the rotating stall onset flow rate is well captured by computational fluid dynamics, compared to experiments. After ten revolutions, all cells are merged and only one cell remains, as in experiments. Active flow control improves compressor performance and extends the stable operating range. In the present configuration, flow injection is performed at the casing. In the simulation, the insertion of the actuators is carried out through hybrid meshes: structured mesh for blade passages and unstructured mesh for each actuator. For the some stalled operating points of baseline configuration, there is no rotating cells in the controlled configuration. Thus, the rotating stall is delayed at lower flow rate, as expected by the use of active flow control and is in agreement with the experiments.
LES-CHT for a Rotating Cavity With Axial Throughflow
Authors: Hickling Tom , He Li
Published: October 2022

The flow and heat transfer within rotating cavities is often discussed as a conjugate problem; the temperature distribution within the cavity disks drives the large-scale flow structure within the cavity, and the cavity aerodynamics influence the heat transfer to the disks. However, most simulations of rotating cavities only consider the fluid domain in isolation. This is particularly true for turbulence resolving approaches such as large eddy simulation (LES). The large time-scale disparity between the fluid time-steps used in LES and the characteristic solid time-scale complicates the use of LES with conjugate heat transfer (CHT). A further issue is that an under-resolved solid mesh artificially amplifies higher frequency temperature fluctuations from the fluid. This paper addresses these challenges with a new method for LES-CHT where the low frequency temperature fluctuation caused by the large-scale flow structure is accounted for using a multi-scale frequency domain approach. We investigate two cases: axially heated disks made of a low conductivity material, and disks made from a higher conductivity material with a temperature set by radial conduction from the shroud. The formation of small-scale flow structures on both the disk and shroud is dependent on the heating configuration of the cavity—indicating that high-fidelity thermal boundary conditions should be used when simulating rotating cavities. The formation of heating induced vortical flow structures near the disk is particularly interesting, as this is unexpected from the laminar Ekman layer modeling argument usually used to consider this region.