bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rise of Generative AI in Enterprise App Development: A Review of Strategies and Technologies
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Kotholliparambil Haridasan Praveen
Published: November 2024

The skill set needed for enterprise application development is more extensive than what is taught in typical programming courses. Enterprise applications are often rather complicated, distributed, networked, and multi-user. As a result, proficient software engineers need to know more than just the fundamentals of a programming language. GenAI has radically changed the world of enterprise application development and pointed to new approaches and tools for enterprises. This review provides a history and analysis of GenAI with a focus on current use for code generation, testing, and more efficient usability/UX design. Some of the summarised GenAI models like GANs and Transformer architecture are compared with their potential aspects concerning content generation, data synthesis, and predictive analysis. This paper examines the performance, security, and other concerns of implanting GenAI across enterprise environments and how organisations can effectively deploy these tools to promote progress, cut time to market, and enhance development. Besides, the obstacles regarding the implementation of GenAI are also discussed, such as data security, ethical issues and the role of governance. This review should also be beneficial to practitioners and researchers who want to design or incorporate GenAI in enterprise application development.
College Students' Approaches To Learning, Self-Efficacy, and Mathematics Performance: A Path Analysis
Authors: Abella Geraldine , Bolen Janice , Bicera Rosario , Docena Toni Rose , Golez Ma. Teresa
Published: November 2024

Explored in this paper are the causal and mediating relations of approaches to learning, self-efficacy, and mathematics performance in higher education. A total enumeration was employed for 861 freshmen college students enrolled in the course Mathematics in the Modern World (MATHMW). The Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) and the Mathematics Self-efficacy Questionnaire (MESQ) were used to measure the students’ study approaches and self-efficacy, respectively. This study hypothesized the mediating role of self-efficacy in approaches to learning and mathematics performance. The path analysis was used to test and analyze the path model. Results show that the dominant study approach employed by freshmen students is a strategic approach. Students adapting deep and strategic approaches tend to have higher self-efficacy and an increase in mathematics performance. Furthermore, students adapting the surface approach show lower self-efficacy and a decrease in mathematics performance. Self-efficacy mediated the effect of the strategic approach to mathematics performance. Further studies are recommended to explore the study approaches of the students and self-efficacy in other courses identified as major courses in the curriculum. Keywords: approaches to learning, self-efficacy, mathematics performance, strategic approach, deep approach, surface approach
Rethinking Hinterlands in Polynesia
Authors: Belluzzo Nick , Moore Summer , Kahn Jennifer
Published: November 2024

Hinterland studies demonstrate the capacity to highlight nuance in regional and temporal variation in the Polynesian past. This Special Issue highlights a group of papers which focus on recent topics and themes drawn from case studies situated in different parts of the Polynesian region. In this article, we summarize the history of hinterland studies, introduce the articles and themes from the Special Issue, and, finally, consider the future of hinterland studies, providing thoughts on a compelling but under-studied avenue of inquiry.
The colonial buildings of the Mangareva Islands, French Polynesia
Authors: Flexner James L
Published: November 2024

In Historical Archaeology Francophone Catholic missions have been studied less commonly than Anglophone, Protestant ones. A survey of the islands of Akamaru, Aukena, Mangareva, and Taravai in the Mangareva Islands (Îles Gambier) of French Polynesia recorded over 100 standing structures related to Catholic missionary activities beginning in the 1830s. These structures form a unique assemblage of surviving colonial buildings in a Polynesian archipelago. They also reflect broader themes of colonial interference in Pacific Islander social and religious structures, landscape transformation, accommodation of new practices, and local forms of resilience and adaptation.
The People of Wairau Bar: a Re-examination
Authors: Buckley Hallie R. , Tayles Nancy , Halcrow Siân E. , Robb Kasey , Fyfe Roger
Published: November 2024

A new study of macroscopic evidence of health in Wairau Bar human skeletal remains (koiwi tangata), prior to their reburial in April 2009, generally supports the views of Houghton (1975), but reports new evidence of childhood stress, the presence of specific infectious diseases, and revises dental evidence of diet. Assessment of health parameters between spatially separated groups within the cemetery (uruupa) found differences in the demography, with more old females in Group 3 (Burials 12–44) or the ‘southern uruupa’. The oral health of the burial groups was also different where individuals of Group 1 (Burials 1–7) had more evidence of periodontal disease and less extreme wear suggesting a diet different to that of Group 3. Differential health between the sexes and groups at Wairau Bar is implied. Overall parameters of health and disease indicate that the Wairau Bar people survived the observed stress during childhood and lived active, mostly healthy, lives.
Editorial
Authors: Anderson Atholl , Thomas Tim , O'Neill Les , Prickett Nigel , Furey Louise
Published: November 2024

The Journal of Pacific Archaeology had its origin at a small conference on Waiheke Island near Auckland, in November 2008. The conference was on archaeological and palaeo-environmental research in the southern temperate zone. After dinner, delegates from Chile, New Zealand and Australia were in a mood to talk about publishing on trans-Pacific themes of multi-disciplinary interest. Sentiment eventually favoured starting a new journal of archaeology and topics of related interest that was open to peer-reviewed research from around and throughout the Pacific Ocean. This is the remit of the Journal of Pacific Archaeology, to which contributions in archaeology and upon relevant aspects of biological anthropology, historical linguistics, environmental sciences, material culture, ethnography and history are invited.
New Radiocarbon Dates from the Bapot-1 Site in Saipan and Neolithic Dispersal by Stratified Diffusion
Authors: Clark Geoffrey , Petchey Fiona , Winter Olaf , Carson Mike , O'Day Patrick
Published: November 2024

The colonisation of the Mariana Islands in Western Micronesia is likely to represent an early ocean dispersal of more than 2000 km. Establishing the date of human arrival in the archipelago is important for modelling Neolithic expansion in Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific, particularly the role of long-distance dispersals. This paper presents new 14C results and a ΔR estimate from the Bapot-1 site on Saipan Island, which indicate human arrival at ca. 3400-3200 cal. BP. Archaeological chronologies of long-distance dispersal to Western Micronesia and the Lapita expansion (Bismarcks to Samoa) show that the Neolithic dispersal rate was increasing during the period ca. 3400-2900 cal. BP. The range-versus-time relationship is similar to stratified diffusion whereby a period of relatively slow expansion is succeeded by long-distance movement. An increase in new colonies created by long-distance migrants results in accelerating range expansion.
Protocols for Organising Radiocarbon Dated Assemblages from New Zealand Archaeological Sites for Comparative Analysis
Authors: Smith Ian W. G.
Published: November 2024

A set of protocols developed to organise radiocarbon dated archaeological assemblages from New Zealand in preparation for comparative analysis is presented. These concern sample selection and admissibility criteria, and a set of rules for using both 1σ and 2σ calibrated age ranges to assign assemblage dates to periods. Examples drawn from a comparative study currently being undertaken are used to illustrate application of the protocols, and brief observations are made on the distributions in time and space of assemblages under analysis in this case study.
Reconstructing Lithic Supply Zones and Procurement Areas: An Example from the Bay of Islands, Northland, New Zealand
Authors: McCoy Mark D. , Ladefoged Thegn N. , Blanshard Andrew , Jorgensen Alex
Published: November 2024

While our ability to match lithic artefacts to geological source continues to improve, few explicit techniques exist for the spatial analysis and interpretation of sourced assemblages on the regional level. Obsidian from the Bay of Islands, New Zealand is used here to describe a method of spatial analysis focused on defining intra-regional procurement areas where people accessed a common set of sources. The results suggest future analyses of North Island obsidian should take care to account for the natural accessibility of sources and the use of non-local obsidian among coastal populations with greater access to maritime trade and exchange.
Defending the Defensible: a Rebuttal of Scott Fitzpatrick’s (2010) Critique of the AD 1300 Event Model with Particular Reference to Palau
Authors: Nunn Patrick D , Hunter-Anderson Rosalind
Published: November 2024

In a recent article [Journal of Pacific Archaeology, vol 1(2), 2010], Scott Fitzpatrick contends that the AD 1300 event model is unhelpful as a key to understanding environmental and societal change in the Pacific during the past 1500 years. We reject this contention on the grounds that there are ample and persuasive grounds for supposing otherwise. The AD 1300 event model proposes that climate change (especially cooling) and sea-level fall affected most of the Pacific Basin during the transition between the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age, and that the impacts of these changes on food resources were so profound that they led to enduring impacts on human societies in this region, particularly Pacific Islands. We aver that the AD 1300 event model remains a powerful tool for understanding last-millennium environmental and societal change in the Pacific Islands and that all the charges Fitzpatrick levels against it can be readily dismissed.
An Investigation by LA-ICP-MS of Possum Tooth Enamel as a Model for Identifying Childhood Geographical Locations of Historical and Archaeological Human Remains from New Zealand
Authors: Cameron Nicola E. , Balks Megan , Littler Ray , Manley-Harris Merilyn , Te Awekotuku Ngahuia
Published: November 2024

LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) has been used to analyse enamel from the teeth of brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) in order to model a method for identifying the childhood geographi- cal origin of human remains within New Zealand. The model application of the method is promising for establishing locations of historical and archaeological human remains, including preserved heads, upoko tuhi.
The Anomaly of Marquesan Ceramics: a Fifty Year Retrospective
Authors: Allen Melinda S. , Dickinson William R. , Huebert Jennifer M.
Published: November 2024

Fifty years ago pioneering archaeologist Robert Suggs reported a small number of pottery sherds from the Marquesas Islands. The first such finds in East Polynesia, at the time they were considered indicative of both a Marquesan homeland and local ceramic manufacture. In the intervening years, additional sherds have been recovered from three other Marquesan localities resulting in a total of 14 specimens. Prior petrographic studies demonstrate unambiguously that some derive from Fiji. Others have been interpreted historically as representative of an indigenous Marquesan ceramic industry. Here we bring together key petrographic analyses from Polynesia, recent chronological assessments of the Marquesan sequence, and insights from new field research to reassess the origins and chronology of Marquesan pottery. We suggest that there is little support for an indigenous Marquesan ceramic industry, and most likely all of the specimens are imports. With respect to the timing of ceramic arrivals, three hypotheses are explored: 1) with founding settlers, 2) as a component of long-distance exchange networks operating between the 12th to 16th centuries aD, or 3) as late prehistoric or historic imports. The preponderance of evidence points to the second alternative, although the other two cannot be completely discounted for the assemblage as a whole.
Bottle Top Capsules in New Zealand Historic Archaeological Sites
Authors: Petchey Peter , Innanchai Jitlada
Published: November 2024

Bottle top capsules were applied over the cork or stoppers of many 19th century bottles to guarantee that the contents were authentic. They were manufactured from tin-plated lead foil, and were often embossed with the name and trademark of the bottling company. The capsules were discarded on opening, so they are directly associated with the actual consumption of the bottle contents, and used capsules are regularly found in small numbers in archaeological contexts. This paper explores the use of capsules as an additional tool for analysing historic glass bottle assemblages in New Zealand, with a particular focus on determining the actual rather than assumed contents of particular bottle forms. It also presents a typology for use as a reference tool for analysis of capsule assemblages.
Procurement and Cultural Distribution of Obsidian in Northern New Zealand
Authors: Moore Phillip
Published: November 2024

This paper provides new insights into the prehistoric exploitation of obsidian in northern New Zealand. Most of the obsidian recovered from archaeological sites in this region originated from six or seven preferred sources (out of a total of 19). Cultural distributions can be delimited for the majority of these, and indicate that the primary use of raw material from some sources, where the local obsidian constitutes > 30–50 per cent of artefact assemblages, was restricted to relatively small areas. A significant proportion of the obsidian in these areas could have been procured by direct access, which may be reflected in a high percentage of artefacts with remnant cortex. Exploitation appears to have changed over time, from an early reliance on Mayor Island obsidian to greater use of alternative sources in the later period, pointing to the development of more complex distribution networks.
Human cultural and related remains from Mé Auré Cave (site WMD007), Moindou, New Caledonia.
Authors: Grant-Mackie Jack , Sand Christophe , Valentin Frederique , Fitzgerald B. M. , Richer de Forges B.
Published: November 2024

In 1995 a small cave near Mé Auré (site WMD007) on the west coast of New Caledonia, about 120 km northwest of Nouméa, was excavated and found to contain mainly owl and human midden deposits. Some of the contents have already been documented and the present paper completes the study by reporting the human-related materials, including human bone fragments, pottery sherds, bones of four rodent species, and marine mollusc and crab remains. Each of these material classes are reported separately by the authors responsible for their analysis, and the results and interpretations based on each line of evidence are compared and contrasted. The human bone and pottery data suggest a temporally constrained deposit (2750–2350 BP) that has experienced stratigraphic disturbance. This result raises doubt about the un-mixed nature of the deposit emphasized in earlier publications and it urges instead the conclusion that the Mé Auré stratigraphy consists mostly of a redeposited set of horizons. If this conclusion is correct, interpretations already published relying on a fixed chronology, especially about vegetation change and avifauna depletion (Boyer et al. 2010) or early aroid introduction (Horrocks et al. 2008) will need to be reconsidered. The site constitutes the first in New Caledonia for which a cave deposit has now been fully analysed.
Early Marquesan Settlement and Patterns of Interaction: New Insights from Hatiheu Valley, Nuku Hiva Island
Authors: Allen Melinda S. , McAlister Andrew
Published: November 2024

Hatiheu, one of Nuku Hiva’s largest and most fertile valleys, is an ideal setting for settlement but the valley’s early human history is poorly known. Its importance in late prehistory is well attested, with six major community ceremonial complexes (tohua) and hundreds of domestic structures (paepae). Recent excavations and AMS dating at Pahumanoo- te-tai indicate use of the area began around the late 13th to late 14th century AD and continued into the post-contact period. Evidence from the earliest occupation suggests a structure and domestic activities, including preparation and cooking of both wild and domesticated animals, and tool maintenance and adze manufacture involving both local and exotic raw materials, as identified through pXRF analysis. A remarkable number of stone sources are represented in the relatively small sample, including the newly identified East Hatiheu Quarry (described herein), four other Nuku Hiva localities, Eiao Island and a possible southern Marquesan source. A ~600-year stratigraphic sequence of repeated burning, erosion, and colluviation informs on long-term geomorphic dynamics at this locality. Pahumano joins a number of similarly-aged sites from throughout the archipelago which, as a whole, identify the 13th to 14th centuries ad as a period of widespread established settlement.
Kutau/Bao Obsidian – Extending its Eastern Distribution into the Fijian Northeast
Authors: Ross-Sheppard Callan , Sand Christophe , Balenaivalu Jone , Burley David V.
Published: November 2024

This paper reports on the discovery and geochemical sourcing of an obsidian flake from a Lapita site on Vorovoro Island off the northeast coast of Vanua Levu, Fiji. The flake is sourced using pXRF to the Kutau/Bao source located on the Willaumez Peninsula, West New Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago.
Archaeological Investigation of Caves and Rock Shelters on Guam and Tinian: a synthesis of their use through time
Authors: Dixon Boyd , Schaefer Richard
Published: November 2024

Archaeological investigations in the Micronesian archipelago of the Mariana Islands have generally focused on habita- tion sites occupied from the Pre-Latte through Latte Period, with more recent attention to palaeoenvironmental studies such as wetland sediment cores, residue analysis of ceramics and tools, agricultural soil analyses, and climate change modeling. One site type recognized as having an early and repeated record of human use over the 3500 year history of the islands is the cave and/or rock shelter. This paper examines their use through time on Guam and Tinian, not as an ancillary feature to habitation sites, but as an independent measure of social and ecological processes in the Western Pacific.
The Geometry of Loko Kuapā Kīholo: the regional significance and cultural context of a Royal Hawaiian Fishpond.
Authors: Scheffler Timothy Erich , Lockwood John Paul
Published: November 2024

Kīholo fishpond is located on the north-west coast of Hawai`i Island.  In 1859, less than fifty years after its construction, the artificial pond was inundated by a voluminous Mauna Loa lava flow and only small remnants of the original bounding wall remain.  Historical accounts of its original scale are ambiguous and incomplete.  In this paper we describe newly-discovered, lava-surrounded remnants of the wall that allow an estimate the fishpond’s original size.  An analysis of the fishpond is presented in order to weight its potential function within the Hawaiian food economy against its place in elite status competition.  We reconstruct the original pond’s configuration using a combination of geomorphological evidence, flow surface features, archaeological analogy and inference.  We then calculate the labor required to have constructed the fishpond and, with the help of historical fisheries data, provide an estimate of the potential production.  This empirically grounded input – output relationship is then evaluated in terms of the political, economic and ecological variables relevant to the development of political complexity in Hawai`i.  We conclude that the pond lacked an efficient short-term subsistence function.  The results suggest that large royal fishponds should be considered in terms sometimes reserved for monumental architecture.  We conclude that large fishponds, in contrast to complex but incrementally constructed dry land agricultural works, played significant symbolic roles in wealth-displays and in elite status competition.
Capacidades físicas e variáveis antropométricas associadas ao desempenho na marcha com carregamento de carga
Authors: Henrique Baldo Arthur , Dos Santos Bunn Priscila
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: O propósito deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática para explorar as capacidades físicas e variáveis antropométricas que estão ligadas ao desempenho durante a marcha com o transporte de cargas. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, LILACS e Cochrane e selecionados estudos cujos critérios de elegibilidade atendessem à estratégia PECOS (participantes: militares; exposição: capacidades físicas e variáveis antropométricas classificadas como “bons”; comparação = capacidades físicas e variáveis antropométricas classificadas como “baixos”; outcome = desempenho na marcha com carga; e desenho do estudo = observacional.. Os seguintes dados foram extraídos dos estudos: características da amostra utilizada, incluindo o tamanho; avaliação do desempenho; capacidade física e variáveis antropométricas; marcha, carga transportada em quilogramas, a velocidade de deslocamento, o tempo de execução e a distância percorrida durante a marcha; e os resultados. Resultados: Um total de 10 estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Participantes com maior massa corporal total e melhor condicionamento aeróbico, pela avaliação direta ou estimado pelo consumo máximo de oxigênio tiveram melhor desempenho. Conclusão: O condicionamento aeróbico e a composição corporal parecem ser associados com o desempenho da marcha com carga.
EL APEGO EN EL DESARROLLO AUTÓNOMO DEL INFANTE
Authors: Acuria González Ana , Esteves Fajardo Zila , González Orbea Gardenia Leonor
Published: November 2024

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo revisar y analizar los diferentes formatos en el apego que es innato en el ser humano, desde el formato investigativo de varios autores, por lo tanto, tuvo como principal objetivo establecer la relación de la Teoría del Apego con el desarrollo de la autonomía de los niños de Inicial II aspectos importantes para alcanzar un desarrollo social- afectivo óptimo del infante durante su proceso evolutivo. En la metodología se hace referencia un enfoque cualitativo – descriptivo es decir mixta, investigación bibliográfica y documental cuya información fue recolectada de repositorios digitales, retrospectiva, su población estaba conformada por los niños del Centro Educativo Infantil Mis Primeros Amigos, dentro de las técnicas utilizadas esta la observación cuyo instrumento la ficha de observación y la encuesta con su instrumento el cuestionario, los resultados permitió realizar el análisis e interpretación de la realidad educativa, como resultado resalta la importancia del equilibrio del desarrollo del apego en el infante, desde el factor esencial del adulto en la aplicación de la obtención del estado emocional.
African indigenous knowledge: Philosophy in history and history in philosophy
Authors: Olatunji Oni Babatunde , Olusegun Olalere Titilope
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This paper delves into the interconnectedness of African indigenous knowledge, situating its historical roots and the inherent philosophy embedded in its practice. African indigenous knowledge encompasses formulating a definition of knowledge in an African context and the justification of knowledge, which has its stand on cultural, linguistic, aphorism, and proverbial content. Scholars, however, argue that its historical foundation lies in the depths of time, tracing back to the ancient civilisations that thrived across the continent. On the other hand, its philosophical discourse serves as the guiding force behind the practices and beliefs of various communities. Within this purview, this paper sets out to close this gap.Methodology – This paper adopts primary and secondary data sources, including oral information, books, articles, and journals. However, it uses argumentative and analytic philosophical and historical inquiry methods to highlight that African indigenous knowledge is pivotal in preserving historical and philosophical insights.Findings – The study finds an interlink between history and philosophy in advancing African indigenous knowledge and its practice of knowing and justifying the indubitable truth that cannot be objectively attained in Western epistemology.Implications – The study contributes to the existing debate that the wisdom embedded in proverbs, myths, and folklore is a repository of philosophical principles, offering guidance on ethics, social harmony, and the relationship between humanity and nature through historical insights.Originality – The paper concludes that African indigenous knowledge has its own social and cultural dimension. It addresses the problem of knowledge by dividing its domain into rational, empirical, and mystical components, solving the problem of justification in the African context.
Incorporating traditional ecological knowledge into science education, a case study of Mbita sub-county
Authors: Charles Oando Opole
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – The need for sustainable education practices has become more critical in a world grappling with pressing environmental challenges. Indigenous knowledge, developed over generations through direct environmental interaction, offers unique perspectives on sustainable educational practices. This study explored integrating traditional ecological knowledge into science education, recognising its significance in fostering a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to sustainability.Methodology – The study was conducted in five junior secondary schools in the Mbita sub-county, Homa Bay County, Kenya. A qualitative approach and a case study design were applied. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview and document analysis.Findings – The findings revealed that teachers understood indigenous knowledge as information acquired from the environment and traditional practices, but their comprehension of traditional ecological knowledge was limited. Some aspects of traditional ecological knowledge identified in the science curriculum include the study of weather, traditional medicine, flora and fauna, and farming methods.Implications – The study provides practical recommendations, including teacher training programmes on integration practices, the acknowledgement of traditional knowledge by the government and education policies, the establishment of partnerships with indigenous communities, and the provision of resources for documenting traditional ecological knowledge for future use. The study envisions unlocking valuable insights into sustainability, fostering a generation of students well-equipped to advocate for and implement sustainable practices in their communities.Originality – This study represents my own effort and has not been taken in whole or part without reference to whom or where the information was attained.
Exploring the utilisation of ChatGPT in academic libraries: a self-reflection perspective
Authors: Ramabina Maropene
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – Exploring the utilisation of ChatGPT in academic libraries, with a focus on ChatGPT's views, not only addresses immediate concerns within the library community but also advances an understanding of the evolving relationship between artificial intelligence and information services in contemporary society.Methodology – The study focused on the unique perspectives or viewpoints of ChatGPT itself. The main objective of the study was to explore ChatGPT's selfawareness and understanding of its role within the academic library context, including its perception of challenges, limitations, and contributions in facilitating information access and user support. The principal theory for this research study was grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which proposed that the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of technology are critical determinants of users' intentions to adopt and use that technology.Findings – The findings revealed that ChatGPT demonstrated an understanding of its function in this context, enhancing the user experience, addressing information queries, and navigating the diverse needs of library patrons. It acknowledged both its contributions and limitations. It recognised challenges in facilitating information access and user support, indicating a nuanced understanding of its role in assisting library patrons.Implications – This research contributes to the field of library and information science and offers insights into the broader implications of incorporating AI in information service settings.Originality – The study is one of the few exploring the perspectives on how it can help improve library services.
A meta-Analytical Review of the Role of Indigenous Knowledge on Environmental Conservation and Climate Change in Kenya
Authors: Guto Richard
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This paper examines how indigenous environmental knowledge (IEK) can be applied in the conservation and management of natural resources in Kenya. It also explores how IEK can be captured, coded, stored and integrated into climate studies and conservation efforts.Methodology – Due to the lack of consensus on the nature of IEK whether ecosystem management, stewardship, natural resource management or environmental conservation practices, the study used a meta-analytical approach to review scientific publications, papers and published journals in order to develop an overarching framework that would guide the capture, documentation, repositing and archiving of the local IEK. The integration of indigenous knowledge systems into mainstream knowledge offers great potential in strengthening socio-ecological resilience.Findings – The study identified several themes that include environmental stewardship, natural resource management, environmental conservation practises among others that relate to the IEK resources, its effectiveness on environmental management and the integration of IEK into climate change. The findings show that IEK has been applied in environmental conservations efforts in several countries such as the traditional resource usage models, the rain-making tradition of the Luhya Community, resource conservation practices of the Maasai among other practises. The study concludes that IEK can be drawn from several indigenous communities in Kenya that include, the Maasai, Sengwer, Pokot, Samburu among others and with the aid of the information science discipline which leads to the development of an IEK repository in Kenya.Implications – The study recommends that national institutions in Kenya such as Kenya Forestry Research Institute, Kenya Forest Service, and Kenya Wildlife Service be involved in the search for alternative solutions to climate change concerns.Originality – The study is advocating for the formalization and mainstreaming of the communal IEK among the communities in Kenya.
Library service provision for improved satisfaction among library users in selected university libraries in Tanzania
Authors: Dativa Donati Kaishe-Mulungu , Mugyabuso Julius Festo Lwehabura
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – Libraries play a crucial role in providing services and information resources. However, university libraries in Tanzania lack sufficient services, facilities, and resources to meet the needs of their users. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the level of user satisfaction with library services in Tanzania. Specifically, to determine the existing library services provision in the selected universities, to determine the extent of users' satisfaction with library services, and to examine the influence of library service provision on user satisfaction.Methodology – The sample size was 397 respondents, who were academic staff, library staff and students from five selected universities, selected through simple random sampling as per Israel (1992) sample determination table, and 68 key informants, who were heads of university departments, were selected through purposive sampling. Both qualitative and quantitative information were collected using questionnaires and interviews. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS software, while the qualitative were analysed through content analysis.Findings – The results indicated that the primary services provided by libraries were circulation (22.2%), internet (15.6%) and reference services (14.9%). Furthermore, the study found that the satisfaction levels were statistically significant at 5% and 1% levels of significance. The majority of respondents (53%) rated the service quality in terms of information availability as high.Implications – The study also revealed that library service provision significantly influenced user satisfaction. These results imply that respondents were satisfied with library services. However, there are some challenges, such as internet connectivity, institutional repository and secretarial services, which were recommended for improvement.Originality – This is an original study conducted in five selected universities in Tanzania.
Gaps in the implementation of knowledge management frameworks: proposal for their improvement in an ICT organisation’s retail operations
Authors: Kundai Chikwanda Hilda , Qata Lutho
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – This study investigated how knowledge management frameworks (KMFs) are implemented in an information communication technology (ICT) organisation’s retail operation. The specific objectives were to explore and establish the KMFs used, identify gaps and challenges of their application and recommend how to improve the implementation and use of KMFs.Methodology – The research adopted a mixed methods approach using quantitative and qualitative techniques. Data was collected from 72 participants with senior roles in an ICT organisation’s retail operations.Findings – The retail operations were aware of knowledge management (KM) as a concept. They had systems in place to store knowledge. The systems were accessible but had limited utilization. There was, however, no consensus on the frameworks in use. Gaps in implementing KMFs were found in knowledge acquisition, sharing, and transfer.Implications – The study recommends the adoption of enhanced existing KMFs to guide employees and the management of knowledge in retail operations. There is also a need for adequate, appropriate, and updated technologies appropriate for the operations’ KM processes. Retail operations can use the findings and recommendations of this study to leverage improvement on their competitive advantage.Originality – The paper has employed critical analysis and interpretation of empirical data from the extant literature. It provides new perspectives on the topic. Hence it is original in terms of context, scope, and application.
The role of digital humanities in the preservation of indigenous knowledge at the National Museums of Kenya
Authors: Susan Awuor Afline , Wambui Kamau Grace , Owano Ashah
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – Digital humanities offer new possibilities for preserving and sharing indigenous knowledge. This paper investigates the role of digital humanities in preserving indigenous knowledge at the National Museums of Kenya. The objectives are to determine the extent to which digital humanities are used in the management, preservation and showcase of indigenous knowledge at the National Museums of Kenya and establish the challenges and opportunities in the use of digital humanities in the preservation of indigenous knowledge.Methodology – A qualitative research method was adopted to collect qualitative data from the literature review and purposely selected museum staff through interviews. Data was analysed thematically.Findings – The findings indicate that preservation and management of indigenous knowledge are crucial for maintaining cultural identity, facilitating knowledge sharing, and raising awareness about the richness and diversity of indigenous cultures in Kenya and beyond.Implications – The study's results can serve as a model for similar initiatives in Africa and beyond.Originality – This is an original paper which investigates the role of digital humanities in preserving indigenous knowledge at the National Museums of Kenya.
Knowledge audit at National Archives of Zimbabwe: a step towards implementing knowledge management
Authors: Dewah Peterson
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study -The first step to implement knowledge management is preceded by an audit of the organisation’s knowledge and as such, this study sought to investigate the knowledge that National Archives of Zimbabwe (NAZ) needs, where that knowledge is, how it is being used, the problems experienced, and the improvements which can be made.
Methodology -A case study approach with a triangulation of data collection methods was employed. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews and documentary analysis.
Findings -The study established that NAZ archivists possess vital tacit knowledge required by the organisation. However, they need to acquire knowledge on audio-visual records management, conservation of documents, and reprographics, among other areas. It also emerged that printed documents such as manuals and bookswere very useful sources of explicit knowledge for decision making. Another finding was that internal and external knowledge flow is hindered by poor communication and unwillingness of staff to share knowledge, among other barriers. The gaps established were that archivists very often were not sure about where to find relevant information or what to do. They were also unsure of whom to collaborate with.
Implications -This paper can be used as a stepping stone to initialise the implementation of knowledge management practice at the NAZ.
Originality -The paper presents the findings of a knowledge audit that was, for the first time, conducted at the National Archives of Zimbabwe, an organisation that has suffered knowledge attrition due to employee mobility.
Understanding the legal framework in Research Data Management: a study of selected academic libraries in Kenya
Authors: Ruguru Njagi Pauline , Njoroge Gitau , Bituka Ronald
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study – The study focused on the legal framework instrumental in protecting research participants' rights and interests. It also sought to identify potential legal risks and recommend strategies to mitigate them, promote ethical conduct, and enhance security for data reuse and sharing.Methodology – The study used a quantitative research design to gather quantifiable data. The target population was academic librarians and executive library users from Kenyatta and Egerton University. A total of 35 participants participated in the study. Structured open-ended questionnaires were used to obtain responses from participants purposively selected.Findings – The study revealed that academic institutions have policies. However, to maintain a healthy research ecosystem that facilitates accessibility, interdisciplinary collaboration, knowledge transmission, and data sharing, academic libraries need to implement research data management policies that match open science standards, such as promoting reuse in the context of adherence to intellectual property rights and security of sensitive data.Implications – The study sheds light on issues and legal concerns addressed or should be addressed by research data management policies adoption or being prepared for adoption in academic libraries. Its issues are intellectual property, protection of data against security breaches, terms and conditions regarding data use, and protection of sensitive data confidentiality.Originality – The paper shed light on research data management policy, precisely the issues which should be included in the policy, as well as legal concerns.
Employment of Georgian seafarers and prospects in the world labor market
Authors: Sharabidze Irakli , Baramidze Mamuka , Makharadze Ana
Published: November 2024

Seafarer has been recognized as a key profession by world organisations, which means that seafarers play an important role in world socio-economic and other accompanying processes. Despite the efforts of the Council of Europe countries, the flow of European seafarers in the world maritime labor market is still declining. This article discusses the current state of qualifications of Georgian seafarers and the prospects for their employment on the basis of theoretical and practical results, research of current problems in the labor market and practical analysis of ways to solve them.
Problems of Distance Assessment of Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic at BSMA
Authors: Kakhidze Abdul , Gegenava Avtandil , Mskhaladze Eldar , Babilodze Joni , Chokharadze Teimuraz
Published: November 2024

Due to the restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic situation, higher education institutions of Georgia, including Batumi State Maritime Academy, had to move to distance learning within a limited time frame. Remotely was carried out not only teaching (lectures and practical works) but assessment processes as well. The paper discusses the disadvantages of distance assessment based on a one-year survey (done by the authors of the given article), analyses the students’ mid-term and final assessment results before and during the pandemic period and suggests possible ways to eliminate them.
The Prospects of Using an Artificial Underwater Reef in the Maritime Water Area of Georgia
Authors: Tkhilaishvili Guladi , Tchanidze Ketevan
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the importance of using underwater artificial reefs, the current situation, and prospects. The use of underwater artificial reefs has different purposes, such as strengthening fishery resources, population growth of living organisms in the sea, hydrobiological reclamation, development of diving tourism, coastal reinforcement function, etc.
The use of artificial reefs is discussed within the concept of the “Blue Economy”. Thus, the Black Sea "blue economy" goal is to preserve, protect, and reap the biodiversity of marine resources. The sea has not an unlimited resource and the anthropogenic factors can significantly reduce or increase the economic benefits of the sea. The prudent management of marine resources and the improvement of the ecological condition of the sea are extremely important for sustainable economic development.
The work discusses the importance of artificial reefs for the ecosystem, the diversity of underwater flora and fauna, and the prospect of increasing its inhabitants. The study's goal is to study the economic effects of artificial reefs, their impact on the environment, durable and easily portable design layout for the depth of the sea. And, the aim is to run the production, placement of the artificial reefs at the coastal waters of Georgia, and promote the establishment of the initiative.
External Debt Growth Trends in Georgia
Authors: Dzneladze Ledi
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the dynamics of foreign debt growth in Georgia. Relevant analysis is done by years. Conclusions are drawn in this regard. Problems caused by the increase of foreign debt and proposals for debt reduction are given.
Interdisciplinary Teaching of Natural Science Training Courses
Authors: Diasamidze Mzia , Takidze Irma , Shotadze Ana
Published: November 2024

Georgian sailors hold leading positions on the world market. Therefore, they need to be thoroughly trained and successfully integrated into international transport systems. The presented paper describes the introduction of interdisciplinary teaching, which is the basis for the success of the set goal. The introduction of this method of training will have a positive impact on the process of acquiring professional knowledge of a sailor and the formation of his personal qualities. It is well known that understanding most of the issues related to a sailor’s professional activity is based on knowledge of the laws and theories of natural sciences, elements of higher mathematics, digital technologies, the use of alternative energy, environmental safety and others. The acquired knowledge should be used by the student both in the educational process and in future professional activities. The model of interdisciplinary training of sailor training allows to achieve the professional competencies that are formed in the student in the process of learning and training. Competence is the ability of a sailor to apply in practice the knowledge gained in the learning process and properly formed skills.
Detection a Natural Source of Oil in the South-Eastern Part of Black Sea During Monitoring of Oil Pollution With on European Maritime Safety Agency Satellite Service
Authors: Gegenava Avtandil , Kakhidze Abdul , Gegenava Tinatin , Chokharadze Teimuraz , Babilodze Joni
Published: November 2024

The paper deals the presence of a natural source of oil, which is sometimes detected in the southeastern part of the Black Sea as part of the monitoring of oil pollution of the Black Sea using the EMSA (European Maritime Safety Agency) satellite service.
With the collaboration of EMSA CLEANSEANET System and MRCC (Maritime Rescue Coordination Center) of Maritime Agency of Georgia MRCC is regularly receiving data to region possible spills pollution.
The EMSA satellite service offers extensive surveillance of European waters for oil spills by using radar images acquired by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors on polar orbiting satellites. SAR sensors have the capability to detect oil slicks on the sea surface in darkness as well as daylight hours and to see through clouds.
The analysis CleanSeaNet Alert Report possible spills, it's safe to say that we are observing a natural expression of oil on the sea surface, which is formed by the migration of oil hydrocarbons in the sedimentary complex of the southeastern part of the Black Sea, seaward of the city of Poti (Georgia). Source identified based on the analysis of multi-temporal radar satellite imagery.