bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work-Related Spousal Support and Recovery Experiences among Dual-Earner Couples - Work-Linkage as Moderator
Authors: Walter Johanna , Haun Verena C.
Published: June 2020

While previous research has indicated that segmenting work and home is beneficial to employees’ recovery, this study, which includes 130 dual-earner couples, investigates if and when integrating work and home by receiving work-related support from one’s partner fosters employees’ recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery). Moreover, we examine couples’ work-linkage (i.e., both partners working in the same organization and/or the same occupation) as a moderator. Additionally, we consider the consequences of offering work-related support for the supporting partner’s recovery experiences. We used the actor-partner interdependence model to account for the dependent structure of dyadic data. Results of multiple group analyses comparing work-linked with non-work-linked couples showed that receiving work-related support from a partner was associated with increased relaxation and mastery experiences, at least among work-linked couples. Work-related support was not associated with employees’ detachment. Providing work-related support was positively related to employees’ mastery experiences in non-work-linked couples only, whereas it was unrelated to psychological detachment and relaxation both in couples with and without work-linkage. Drawing on conservation of resources theory and on boundary theory, the findings of this study shed light on work-related spousal support as an enabler of recovery experiences in work-linked couples, extending the limited view that segmenting work and home is the only beneficial approach for recovery during leisure time.
APMT: an automatic hardware counter-based performance modeling tool for HPC applications
Authors: Ding Nan , Lee Victor W. , Xue Wei , Zheng Weimin
Published: June 2020

The ever-growing complexity of HPC applications and the computer architectures cost more efforts than ever to learn application behaviors. In this paper, we propose the APMT, an Automatic Performance Modeling Tool, to understand and predict performance efficiently in the regimes of interest to developers and performance analysts while outperforming many traditional techniques. In APMT, we use hardware counter-assisted profiling to identify the key kernels and non-scalable kernels and build each kernel model according to our performance modeling framework. Meantime, we also provide an optional refinement modeling framework to further understand the key performance metric, cycles-per-instruction (CPI). Our evaluations show that by only performing a few small-scale profiling, APMT is able to keep the average error rate around 15% with average performance overheads of 3% in different scenarios, including NAS parallel benchmarks, dynamical core of atmosphere model of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), and the ice component of CESM on commodity clusters. APMT improve the model prediction accuracies by 25–52% in strong scaling tests comparing to the well-known analytical model and the empirical model.
Parenting, self‐concept, and attitudes about romantic relationships
Authors: Chen Wei‐Wen , Yuan Huanling , Yang Xin , Lai Si Kei
Published: June 2020

Introduction

This study examined associations among the perceived parenting, self‐concept, and adolescent attitudes of Chinese adolescents regarding romantic relationships.

Methods

A survey of 729 high school students in Macau was carried out to collect information on the degree to which they perceived their fathers and mothers as demanding or responsive, their general self‐concept, and their attitudes about romantic relationships.

Results

Structural equation modeling showed that maternal and paternal responsiveness positively associated with adolescents’ self‐concept, which then positively contributed to their attitudes about romantic relationships. Maternal demandingness could link directly to positive adolescent attitudes about romantic relationships and indirectly to negative self‐concept.

Conclusions

The present study's findings suggest that perceived maternal parenting may be more important than perceived paternal parenting regarding adolescents' romantic attitudes, and parental responsiveness is particularly critical to positive self‐concept and positive romantic attitudes in Chinese culture.
Autodétermination et promotion de la santé chez les adultes présentant une déficience intellectuelle
Authors: Rinaldi Romina , Malou Valentine , Geurts Hélène , Haelewyck Marie-Claire
Published: June 2020

Malgré des avancées majeures dans l’approche conceptuelle et fonctionnelle du handicap, certaines inégalités fondamentales subsistent. Les disparités en matière de soins de santé constituent un point d’attention tout particulier pour la recherche et les politiques de santé publique. Dans le contexte de la déficience intellectuelle (DI), ces inégalités persistent et contrastent d’autant plus avec des besoins spécifiques parfois majorés en termes de santé somatique et mentale. En ce sens, le développement et l’amélioration continue des dispositifs de promotion de la santé représentent un axe incontournable. Afin de rencontrer leurs objectifs, il est toutefois indispensable que ces dispositifs puissent proposer des interventions inscrites dans une perspective biopsychosociale, et qui tiennent compte de l’interaction individu-environnement, ainsi que des facteurs d’autodétermination. L’objectif de notre étude est de questionner les recherches en promotion de la santé à destination des adultes avec DI en analysant la façon dont ces variables y sont considérées. Nos résultats indiquent des manques tangibles à chacun des niveaux analysés. Notamment, l’absence d’appropriation du concept de santé globale, une focalisation sur la compétence individuelle au détriment des actions sur l’environnement, et un manque de considération pour les variables volitionnelles sont pointés. Les résultats sont discutés en termes de perspectives pour la recherche et d’intervention.
Prevalence of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Among Sexually Active Postmenopausal Women With Metabolic Syndrome at a Public Hospital Clinic in Brazil: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dutra da Silva Gustavo Maximiliano , Rolim Rosa Lima Sônia Maria , Reis Benedito F. , Macruz Carolina Furtado , Postigo Sóstenes
Published: June 2020

Aims

To evaluate the prevalence of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) among postmenopausal women diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to compare it to that of a control group without MS.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study carried out in 2 public tertiary hospitals in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with a sample of 291 postmenopausal women aged between 40 and 65 years. Sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, diagnostic criteria and was related to the diagnosis of MS, which was determined according to the guidelines defined by the Adult Treatment Panel.

Main outcome measures

Analysis of sexual function with emphasis on sexual desire (HSDD), the incidence of MS, and the components of MS.

Results

The prevalence of HSDD was significantly higher among women diagnosed with MS than among women without MS (P = .01). Women diagnosed with high blood pressure (P < .01) and increased triglycerides (P = .03) also had a higher prevalence of HSDD than did women without these conditions. The FSFI domain scores for desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction and the total FSFI score were significantly lower for postmenopausal women with MS, whereas the pain domain score was not significantly different between the groups (P = .913). The incidence of female sexual dysfunction was significantly higher among women with MS, regardless of the diagnostic criteria used (P < .05).

Conclusion

Postmenopausal women diagnosed with MS have higher rates of HSDD than do women without MS.

Clinical Trial Registration: ID NCT02430987.
Ebola Outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo: Lessons Learned, or Ignored?
Authors: Beadling Charles , Brett-Major David , Hamer Melinda , Vest Kelly , Muyimbo Timothy , Burkle Frederick
Published: June 2020

Infectious diseases became an increasing public health threat as humans transitioned from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to stable, agrarian communities. It is accurate to say the international community was not optimally prepared for the 2014-2015 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa, which eventually spread and caused secondary cases in the United States. From that experience, much was learned about the management of an EVD outbreak, from prevention and treatment, to the need for a “whole of society” response. However, it is clear from the evidence that much still needs to be done to improve preparedness for Ebola and other emerging infectious diseases in the region. The current outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo both mirrors these challenges and demonstrates new ones reflected in violence, hampering efforts to prevent spread of EVD within and beyond the country. The journal Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness (DMPHP) is taking a forward-looking approach, establishing a task force of editors to quickly review and approve manuscripts relating to EVD for immediate electronic publication and open access. The intent is to make emerging information available to front-line responders and policy decision-makers as quickly as possible.
Awareness Among Undergraduate Students of Mangalore City Regarding Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Das Deeksha , Shenoy Ramya , Mukherjee Megha , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rungta Nikita
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

COVID-19 outbreak has surfaced as an imminent threat for the public health. Because India is a populous country, it is important for Indians to be aware of the basic modes of prevention that can diminish the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Aim:

The present questionnaire study was carried out among the undergraduate students to assess the awareness regarding the spread and control of COVID-19.

Methods:

The questionnaire was circulated among the undergraduate students as a Google form.

Results:

The study included responses of 868 undergraduate students belonging to 2 university colleges. The majority of the participants were females (63%; n = 547) in the age range of 18-23 y. Approximately 98.3% (853) had awareness regarding COVID-19. Approximately 94.7% (822) were washing their hands after visiting public places, out of which only 90.6% (786) were aware of proper steps to be followed in hand washing. It was concluded that it is required to create awareness among 20.8% (181) of our study participants regarding the importance of hand washing to control COVID-19.

Conclusions:

Awareness regarding COVID-19 among study participants was good. However, a small part of the study population is required to be educated on proper steps to be followed in hand washing.
Explanatory Obligations
Authors: Khalifa Kareem , Millson Jared
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we argue that a person is obligated to explain why p just in case she has a role-responsibility to answer the question “Why p?”. This entails that the normative force of explanatory obligations is fundamentally social. We contrast our view with other accounts of explanatory obligations or the so-called “need for explanation,” in which the aforementioned normative force is epistemic, determined by an inquirer's interests, or a combination thereof. We argue that our account outperforms these alternatives.
The Amphibious Nature of AIDS Activism: Medical Professionals and Gay and Lesbian Communities in Norway, 1975–87
Authors: Slagstad Ketil
Published: June 2020

This article is the first to explore Norwegian HIV/AIDS policy and activism. Drawing on a range of archival material and oral history interviews, it does this along two lines. First, it analyses how AIDS unfolded in the changing political landscape and health bureaucracy of the 1970s and 1980s. The question is addressed of how AIDS challenged and shaped social medicine, an important ‘thought style’ of the postwar health bureaucracy and an important factor in the creation of the welfare state. Second, the article contributes to a growing AIDS historiography tracing the genealogy of AIDS activism in gay and lesbian health activism in the preceding decades. At the advent of AIDS, formal and informal networks already existed between gay and lesbian communities, activist organisations and the authorities. The roles of gay and lesbian medical professionals and activists are traced, together with how they challenged paternalistic and heteronormative notions of social medicine and homophobic attitudes in the public healthcare system. By having one foot in the medico-political world and one in the queer communities, they were able to mediate and translate different kinds of expertise and knowledge to the authorities, the public and the affected communities. This ‘amphibious’ role gave them credibility with both the authorities and the communities when addressing public health issues and preventive work. However, this story demonstrates that gay AIDS activists were not immune to the reproduction of exclusionary or hierarchical mechanisms within the queer communities. It shows how the juggling of different roles sometimes posed difficult dilemmas for the activists and how challenging but important this amphibiousness was to them.
SUM-PRODUCT ESTIMATES FOR DIAGONAL MATRICES
Authors: MUDGAL AKSHAT
Published: June 2020

Given $d\in \mathbb{N}$, we establish sum-product estimates for finite, nonempty subsets of $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. This is equivalent to a sum-product result for sets of diagonal matrices. In particular, let $A$ be a finite, nonempty set of $d\times d$ diagonal matrices with real entries. Then, for all $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{1}<1/3+5/5277$, $$\begin{eqnarray}|A+A|+|A\cdot A|\gg _{d}|A|^{1+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{1}/d},\end{eqnarray}$$ which strengthens a result of Chang [‘Additive and multiplicative structure in matrix spaces’, Combin. Probab. Comput.16(2) (2007), 219–238] in this setting.
Murder and the Working Lives of Chinese Male Servants in Colonial Singapore, 1910s–1930s
Authors: Lowrie Claire
Published: June 2020

Chinese men working as servants in colonial Singapore were a largely unregulated group of workers and, as a result, few traces of their lives have been preserved in the colonial archive. Rare cases in which Chinese domestic workers were accused of murder compelled the colonial state to directly intervene in their lives. This article explores the experiences of Chinese migrant men who worked as domestic servants in Singapore by analysing three murders that occurred between the 1910s and the 1930s. Details of the crimes and the arrests, along with the processes of conviction and sentencing, were reported in detail in the local newspapers. In addition, testimonies of the accused and of witnesses were preserved in Coroner's Court records. This rich criminal archive is used to shed light upon aspects of domestic servants’ lives that would otherwise remain obscure.
Brain structural correlates of schizotypal signs and subclinical schizophrenia nuclear symptoms in healthy individuals
Authors: Meller Tina , Schmitt Simon , Ettinger Ulrich , Grant Phillip , Stein Frederike , Brosch Katharina , Grotegerd Dominik , Dohm Katharina , Meinert Susanne , Förster Katharina , Hahn Tim , Jansen Andreas , Dannlowski Udo , Krug Axel , Kircher Tilo , Nenadić Igor
Published: June 2020

Background

Subclinical psychotic-like experiences (PLE), resembling key symptoms of psychotic disorders, are common throughout the general population and possibly associated with psychosis risk. There is evidence that such symptoms are also associated with structural brain changes.

Methods

In 672 healthy individuals, we assessed PLE and associated distress with the symptom-checklist-90R (SCL-90R) scales ‘schizotypal signs’ (STS) and ‘schizophrenia nuclear symptoms’ (SNS) and analysed associations with voxel- and surfaced-based brain structural parameters derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T with CAT12.

Results

For SNS, we found a positive correlation with the volume in the left superior parietal lobule and the precuneus, and a negative correlation with the volume in the right inferior temporal gyrus [p < 0.05 cluster-level Family Wise Error (FWE-corrected]. For STS, we found a negative correlation with the volume of the left and right precentral gyrus (p < 0.05 cluster-level FWE-corrected). Surface-based analyses did not detect any significant clusters with the chosen statistical threshold of p < 0.05. However, in exploratory analyses (p < 0.001, uncorrected), we found a positive correlation of SNS with gyrification in the left insula and rostral middle frontal gyrus and of STS with the left precuneus and insula, as well as a negative correlation of STS with gyrification in the left temporal pole.

Conclusions

Our results show that brain structures in areas implicated in schizophrenia are also related to PLE and its associated distress in healthy individuals. This pattern supports a dimensional model of the neural correlates of symptoms of the psychotic spectrum.
Migrant status and risk of compulsory admission at first diagnosis of psychotic disorder: a population-based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Terhune J. , Dykxhoorn J. , Mackay E. , Hollander A.-C. , Kirkbride J. B. , Dalman C.
Published: June 2020

Background

Minority ethnic and migrant groups face an elevated risk of compulsory admission for mental illness. There are overlapping cultural, socio-demographic, and structural explanations for this risk that require further investigation.

Methods

By linking Swedish national register data, we established a cohort of persons first diagnosed with a psychotic disorder between 2001 and 2016. We used multilevel mixed-effects logistic modelling to investigate variation in compulsory admission at first diagnosis of psychosis across migrant and Swedish-born groups with individual and neighbourhood-level covariates.

Results

Our cohort included 12 000 individuals, with 1298 (10.8%) admitted compulsorily. In an unadjusted model, being a migrant [odds ratio (OR) 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.73] or child of a migrant (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.10–1.47) increased risk of compulsory admission. However after multivariable modelling, region-of-origin provided a better fit to the data than migrant status; excess risk of compulsory admission was elevated for individuals from sub-Saharan African (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.51–2.49), Middle Eastern and North African (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.17–1.81), non-Nordic European (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.01–1.61), and mixed Swedish-Nordic backgrounds (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.03–1.72). Risk of compulsory admission was greater in more densely populated neighbourhoods [OR per standard deviation (s.d.) increase in the exposure: 1.12, 95% CI 1.06–1.18], an effect that appeared to be driven by own-region migrant density (OR per s.d. increase in exposure: 1.12; 95% CI 1.02–1.24).

Conclusions

Inequalities in the risk of compulsory admission by migrant status, region-of-origin, urban living and own-region migrant density highlight discernible factors which raise barriers to equitable care and provide potential targets for intervention.
Power, policing, and language policy mechanisms in schools: A response to Hudson
Authors: Cushing Ian
Published: June 2020

This discussion is a response to Richard Hudson's response to my article, ‘The policy and policing of language in schools’ (Cushing 2019). Hudson argues that current education policy in England generally rejects and avoids prescriptivism and sets out to illustrate this in reference to a number of policy documents. As in my original article, I conceive of language policy as p/Political and one way in which language ideologies get turned into practices, through a series of policy mechanisms such as curricula, tests, and guidance for teachers. I show how these mechanisms do not ‘reject’ prescriptivism, but explicitly perpetuate it, and thus act as a system of coercion which can lead teachers into reproducing these ideologies in their practice. I argue that Hudson's argument is limited because of its depoliticised stance and understanding of key sociolinguistic concepts and issues, such as ‘Standard English’, ‘linguistic correctness’, and language education itself. (Language education policy, language ideologies, critical applied linguistics, schools, England)*
Review of real-world evidence studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Lack of good practices
Authors: Lambert-Obry Véronique , Lafrance Jean-Philippe , Savoie Michelle , Henri Sandrine , Lachaine Jean
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Unlike randomized controlled trials, lack of methodological rigor is a concern about real-world evidence (RWE) studies. The objective of this study was to characterize methodological practices of studies collecting pharmacoeconomic data in a real-world setting for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed using the PICO framework: population consisted of T2DM patients, interventions and comparators were any intervention for T2DM care or absence of intervention, and outcomes were resource utilization, productivity loss or utility. Only RWE studies were included, defined as studies that were not clinical trials and that collected de novo data (no retrospective analysis).

Results

The literature search identified 1,158 potentially relevant studies, among which sixty were included in the literature review. Many studies showed a lack of transparency by not mentioning the source for outcome and exposure measurement, source for patient selection, number of study sites, recruitment duration, sample size calculation, sampling method, missing data, approbation by an ethics committee, obtaining patient's consent, conflicts of interest, and funding. A significant proportion of studies had poor quality scores and was at high risk of bias.

Conclusions

RWE from T2DM studies lacks transparency and credibility. There is a need for good procedural practices that can increase confidence in RWE studies. Standardized methodologies specifically adapted for RWE studies collecting pharmacoeconomic data for the management of T2DM could help future reimbursement decision making in this major public health problem.
Dossier: Climate Change and the Decolonized Future of Theatre
Authors: WOYNARSKI LISA , ONG ADELINA , BEER TANJA , BEAUPARK STEPHANIE , WINN-LENETSKY JONAH , TANGEN RULAN , NICHOLSON-SANZ MICHELLE
Published: June 2020

This dossier opens up a set of questions about what theatre and performance can do and be in a climate-changed future. Through a series of practice snapshots the authors suggest a diversity of responses to decolonizing and environmental justice issues in and through theatre and performance. These practices include the climate-fiction film The Wandering Earth, which prompts questions about what decolonizing means for China and the impact of climate chaos on the mental well-being of young people; The Living Pavilion, an Australian Indigenous-led project that created a biodiverse event space showcasing Indigenous art making; Dancing Earth Indigenous dance company who use dance as a way to engage Indigenous ecological thinking and Indigenous futurity; water rituals in the Andes of Peru that problematize water policy and ethnic boundaries.
Congenital cardiac interventions during the peak phase of COVID-19 pandemics in the country in a pandemics hospital in Istanbul
Authors: Ugurlucan Murat , Yildiz Yahya , Oztas Didem Melis , Coban Senay , Beyaz Metin Onur , Sari Gizem , Ulukan Mustafa Ozer , Karakaya Atalay , Vatansever Binay , Erkanli Korhan , Meric Mert , Unal Orcun , Demirkol Demet , Yozgat Yilmaz , Saritas Turkay , Erdem Abdullah , Akdeniz Celal , Turkoglu Halil
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

In this report, we aim to present our algorithm and results of patients with congenital cardiac disorders who underwent surgical or interventional procedures during the peak phase of the pandemics in our country.

Patients and methods:

The first COVID-19 case was diagnosed in Turkey on 11 March, 2020, and the peak phase seemed to end by the end of April. All the patients whom were referred, treated, or previously operated but still at the hospital during the peak phase of COVID-19 pandemics in the country were included into this retrospective study. Patient’s diagnosis, interventions, adverse events, and early post-procedural courses were studied.

Results:

Thirty-one patients with various diagnoses of congenital cardiovascular disorders were retrospectively reviewed. Ages of the patients ranged between 2 days and 16 years. Seventeen cases were males and 14 cases were females. Elective cases were postponed. Priority was given to interventional procedures, and five cases were treated percutaneously. Palliative procedures were preferred in patients whom presumably would require long hospital stay. Corrective procedures were not hesitated in prioritised stable patients. Mortality occurred in one patient. Eight patients out of 151 ICU admissions were diagnosed with COVID-19, and they were transferred to COVID-19 ICU immediately. Three nurses whom also took care of the paediatric cases became infected with SARS-CoV-2; however, the children did not catch the disease.

Conclusion:

Mandatory and emergent congenital cardiac percutaneous and surgical procedures may be performed with similar postoperative risks as there are no pandemics with meticulous care and preventive measures.
Gray’s False Accusations Necessitate Establishing Standards of Evidence for Making Claims of Misconduct
Authors: Verhulst Brad , Hatemi Peter K.
Published: June 2020

Claims of misconduct must be accompanied by verifiable proof. In “Diagnosis versus Ideological Diversity,” Phillip W. Gray (2019) professes the need to address bias and dishonesty in research but contradicts his stated goals by making untrue and unsupported allegations of misconduct. He equates a coding error with LaCour and Green’s (2014) suspected data fabrication while disregarding publicly available contradictory evidence. In this evidence-based article, we demonstrate that Gray made a series of false accusations of research dishonesty and ideological bias. His assertions not only are unsupported; the evidence also shows the opposite. PS: Political Science & Politics edited Gray’s article after publication and online distribution—removing or modifying the most explicitly false and harmful statements—and changed his central thesis but without changing the DOI. This resulted in two different articles with the same DOI. Although retraction is uncommon, this degree of post-publication modification appears to meet the threshold. The published corrigendum failed to address Gray’s false allegations, pervasive and unsubstantiated insinuations of misconduct, and errors that persist in the second edition of his article. The constellation of behaviors by the journal and Gray contradicts academic norms and emphasizes the need to establish clear standards of evidence when making accusations of academic misconduct.
Three Reasons for Hospitality: Care for Others, Care for the World, and Care of the Self
Authors: Taylor Abigail , Lefebvre Alexandre
Published: June 2020

We seek to answer a deceptively simple question: why do private citizens in liberal democracies offer hospitality to undocumented migrants? Through qualitative interviews with French citizens, we propose three reasons. The first is widely recognized in the scholarly literature: hospitality is offered out of a care and concern for vulnerable and precarious migrants. However, we uncover two additional reasons that are not acknowledged in studies on hospitality. One is the desire by citizens to uphold the basic principles and ideals of their own society (what we call “care for the world”). Another is the desire on the part of citizens themselves to become a different and better kind of person by practicing hospitality (what we call “care of the self”). We provide a multifaceted account of what motivates citizens to offer hospitality even in situations where it is outlawed by their own governments.
Investigation on the scattering characteristics and unsupervised clustering of 3D printed samples
Authors: Elsaadouny Mostafa , Barowski Jan , Jebramcik Jochen , Rolfes Ilona
Published: June 2020

In this work, the scattering characteristics of 3D-printed samples are being investigated by using a single-polarized and a cross-polarized radar system. The 3D-printed technology participates in a wide range of applications nowadays. The idea of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been utilized to investigate the reflected electromagnetic energy from the 3D-printed samples by setting each of the radar systems in a fixed position and the mounting sample on an x-y positioning table which has been used to achieve rectangular-scan mode for SAR. The data have been ported and processed by the matched filter approach. For better image interpretation, the data have been further processed by the median filter in order to reduce noise level while preserving the main image details. Afterwards, the data have been further investigated for determining and classifying any possible defects. This process has been accomplished by deploying the unsupervised learning concept to cluster the SAR responses into two groups, compromising the defected positions responses and the non-defected responses. The obtained results of both radar sensors have been compared and evaluated using different quality assessment factors. Moreover, unsupervised learning techniques have been investigated and the obtained results show a high degree of efficiency in clustering the SAR responses.
Gene Discovery Using Twins
Authors: Duffy David , Sturm Rick , Zhu Gu , MacGregor Stuart
Published: June 2020

One of Nick’s key early achievements at QIMR was to establish a twin study on melanoma risk factors. The Brisbane Twin Nevus Study (BTNS) had an initial focus on nevus (mole) count in adolescents but, reflecting Nick’s broad interests, expanded in scope enormously over the decades. In the skin cancer arena, BTNS was essential to genetic discoveries in melanoma, eye color and pigmentation. Later studies amassed data on thousands of phenotypes, ranging from molecular phenotypes such as gene expression to studies where gene mapping findings in adolescents turned out to have translational potential in late-onset diseases. Nick’s twin data have formed the basis for an enormous range of discoveries, with Nick and his colleagues continuing to capitalize on these data.
Statistical Power and the Classical Twin Design
Authors: Sham Pak C. , Purcell Shaun M. , Cherny Stacey S. , Neale Michael C. , Neale Benjamin M.
Published: June 2020

Dr Nick Martin has made enormous contributions to the field of behavior genetics over the past 50 years. Of his many seminal papers that have had a profound impact, we focus on his early work on the power of twin studies. He was among the first to recognize the importance of sample size calculation before conducting a study to ensure sufficient power to detect the effects of interest. The elegant approach he developed, based on the noncentral chi-squared distribution, has been adopted by subsequent researchers for other genetic study designs, and today remains a standard tool for power calculations in structural equation modeling and other areas of statistical analysis. The present brief article discusses the main aspects of his seminal paper, and how it led to subsequent developments, by him and others, as the field of behavior genetics evolved into the present era.
Advancing Diversity and Inclusion in United States' Space Weather and Space Physics Communities
Authors: Gannon J. L. , Lugaz Noé
Published: June 2020

Following a panel discussion at the 2019 AGU Fall Meeting with an atypical gender ratio, we discuss the diversity and inclusion (D&I) initiatives at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center with Deputy Director for the Heliophysics Science Division, Dr. Antti Pulkkinen. We focus on gender diversity and efforts by AGU to promote D&I and how it applies specifically to the Space Physics and Aeronomy (SPA) section of AGU.
Effective drug treatment identified by in vivo screening in a transplantable patient-derived xenograft model of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Kloos Arnold , Mintzas Konstantinos , Winckler Lina , Gabdoulline Razif , Alwie Yasmine , Jyotsana Nidhi , Kattre Nadine , Schottmann Renate , Scherr Michaela , Gupta Charu , Adams Felix F. , Schwarzer Adrian , Heckl Dirk , Schambach Axel , Imren Suzan , Humphries R. Keith , Ganser Arnold , Thol Felicitas , Heuser Michael
Published: June 2020

To establish novel and effective treatment combinations for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) preclinically, we hypothesized that supplementation of CMML cells with the human oncogene Meningioma 1 (MN1) promotes expansion and serial transplantability in mice, while maintaining the functional dependencies of these cells on their original genetic profile. Using lentiviral expression of MN1 for oncogenic supplementation and transplanting transduced primary mononuclear CMML cells into immunocompromised mice, we established three serially transplantable CMML-PDX models with disease-related gene mutations that recapitulate the disease in vivo. Ectopic MN1 expression was confirmed to enhance the proliferation of CMML cells, which otherwise did not engraft upon secondary transplantation. Furthermore, MN1-supplemented CMML cells were serially transplantable into recipient mice up to 5 generations. This robust engraftment enabled an in vivo RNA interference screening targeting CMML-related mutated genes including NRAS, confirming that their functional relevance is preserved in the presence of MN1. The novel combination treatment with azacitidine and the MEK-inhibitor trametinib additively inhibited ERK-phosphorylation and thus depleted the signal from mutated NRAS. The combination treatment significantly prolonged survival of CMML mice compared to single-agent treatment. Thus, we identified the combination of azacitidine and trametinib as an effective treatment in NRAS-mutated CMML and propose its clinical development.
Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies GP2 gene risk variants for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lin Yingsong , Nakatochi Masahiro , Hosono Yasuyuki , Ito Hidemi , Kamatani Yoichiro , Inoko Akihito , Sakamoto Hiromi , Kinoshita Fumie , Kobayashi Yumiko , Ishii Hiroshi , Ozaka Masato , Sasaki Takashi , Matsuyama Masato , Sasahira Naoki , Morimoto Manabu , Kobayashi Satoshi , Fukushima Taito , Ueno Makoto , Ohkawa Shinichi , Egawa Naoto , Kuruma Sawako , Mori Mitsuru , Nakao Haruhisa , Adachi Yasushi , Okuda Masumi , Osaki Takako , Kamiya Shigeru , Wang Chaochen , Hara Kazuo , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Miyamoto Tatsuo , Hayashi Yuko , Ebi Hiromichi , Kohmoto Tomohiro , Imoto Issei , Kasugai Yumiko , Murakami Yoshinori , Akiyama Masato , Ishigaki Kazuyoshi , Matsuda Koichi , Hirata Makoto , Shimada Kazuaki , Okusaka Takuji , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Takahashi Meiko , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Kuriki Kiyonori , Kadota Aya , Okada Rieko , Mikami Haruo , Takezaki Toshiro , Suzuki Sadao , Yamaji Taiki , Iwasaki Motoki , Sawada Norie , Goto Atsushi , Kinoshita Kengo , Fuse Nobuo , Katsuoka Fumiki , Shimizu Atsushi , Nishizuka Satoshi S. , Tanno Kozo , Suzuki Ken , Okada Yukinori , Horikoshi Momoko , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kadowaki Takashi , Yu Herbert , Zhong Jun , Amundadottir Laufey T. , Doki Yuichiro , Ishii Hideshi , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Bogumil David , Haiman Christopher A. , Le Marchand Loic , Mori Masaki , Risch Harvey , Setiawan Veronica W. , Tsugane Shoichiro , Wakai Kenji , Yoshida Teruhiko , Matsuda Fumihiko , Kubo Michiaki , Kikuchi Shogo , Matsuo Keitaro
Published: June 2020

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Japan. To identify risk loci, we perform a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies comprising 2,039 pancreatic cancer patients and 32,592 controls in the Japanese population. Here, we identify 3 (13q12.2, 13q22.1, and 16p12.3) genome-wide significant loci (P < 5.0 × 10−8), of which 16p12.3 has not been reported in the Western population. The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 16p12.3 is rs78193826 (odds ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval = 1.29-1.66, P = 4.28 × 10−9), an Asian-specific, nonsynonymous glycoprotein 2 (GP2) gene variant. Associations between selected GP2 gene variants and pancreatic cancer are replicated in 10,822 additional cases and controls of East Asian origin. Functional analyses using cell lines provide supporting evidence of the effect of rs78193826 on KRAS activity. These findings suggest that GP2 gene variants are probably associated with pancreatic cancer susceptibility in populations of East Asian ancestry.
Protease-activation using anti-idiotypic masks enables tumor specificity of a folate receptor 1-T cell bispecific antibody
Authors: Geiger Martina , Stubenrauch Kay-Gunnar , Sam Johannes , Richter Wolfgang F. , Jordan Gregor , Eckmann Jan , Hage Carina , Nicolini Valeria , Freimoser-Grundschober Anne , Ritter Mirko , Lauer Matthias E. , Stahlberg Henning , Ringler Philippe , Patel Jigar , Sullivan Eric , Grau-Richards Sandra , Endres Stefan , Kobold Sebastian , Umaña Pablo , Brünker Peter , Klein Christian
Published: June 2020

T-cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) crosslink tumor and T-cells to induce tumor cell killing. While TCBs are very potent, on-target off-tumor toxicity remains a challenge when selecting targets. Here, we describe a protease-activated anti-folate receptor 1 TCB (Prot-FOLR1-TCB) equipped with an anti-idiotypic anti-CD3 mask connected to the anti-CD3 Fab through a tumor protease-cleavable linker. The potency of this Prot- FOLR1-TCB is recovered following protease-cleavage of the linker releasing the anti-idiotypic anti-CD3 scFv. In vivo, the Prot-FOLR1-TCB mediates antitumor efficacy comparable to the parental FOLR1-TCB whereas a noncleavable control Prot-FOLR1-TCB is inactive. In contrast, killing of bronchial epithelial and renal cortical cells with low FOLR1 expression is prevented compared to the parental FOLR1-TCB. The findings are confirmed for mesothelin as alternative tumor antigen. Thus, masking the anti-CD3 Fab fragment with an anti-idiotypic mask and cleavage of the mask by tumor-specific proteases can be applied to enhance specificity and safety of TCBs.
Durable protection against repeated penile exposures to simian-human immunodeficiency virus by broadly neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Garber David A. , Adams Debra R. , Guenthner Patricia , Mitchell James , Kelley Kristen , Schoofs Till , Gazumyan Anna , Nason Martha , Seaman Michael S. , McNicholl Janet , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Heneine Walid
Published: June 2020

Penile acquisition of HIV accounts for most infections among men globally. Nevertheless, candidate HIV interventions for men advance to clinical trials without preclinical efficacy data, due primarily to a paucity of relevant animal models of penile HIV infection. Using our recently developed macaque model, we show that a single subcutaneous administration of broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) 10-1074 conferred durable protection against repeated penile exposures to simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIVSF162P3). Macaques co-administered bNAbs 10-1074 and 3BNC117, or 3BNC117 alone, also exhibited significant protection against repeated vaginal SHIVAD8-EO exposures. Regression modeling estimated that individual plasma bNAb concentrations of 5 μg ml−1 correlated with ≥99.9% relative reduction in SHIV infection probability via penile (10-1074) or vaginal (10-1074 or 3BNC117) challenge routes. These results demonstrate that comparably large reductions in penile and vaginal SHIV infection risk among macaques were achieved at clinically relevant plasma bNAb concentrations and inform dose selection for the development of bNAbs as long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis candidates for use by men and women.
mTOR and S6K1 drive polycystic kidney by the control of Afadin-dependent oriented cell division
Authors: Bonucci Martina , Kuperwasser Nicolas , Barbe Serena , Koka Vonda , de Villeneuve Delphine , Zhang Chi , Srivastava Nishit , Jia Xiaoying , Stokes Matthew P. , Bienaimé Frank , Verkarre Virginie , Lopez Jean Baptiste , Jaulin Fanny , Pontoglio Marco , Terzi Fabiola , Delaval Benedicte , Piel Matthieu , Pende Mario
Published: June 2020

mTOR activation is essential and sufficient to cause polycystic kidneys in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and other genetic disorders. In disease models, a sharp increase of proliferation and cyst formation correlates with a dramatic loss of oriented cell division (OCD). We find that OCD distortion is intrinsically due to S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) activation. The concomitant loss of S6K1 in Tsc1-mutant mice restores OCD but does not decrease hyperproliferation, leading to non-cystic harmonious hyper growth of kidneys. Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics for S6K1 substrates revealed Afadin, a known component of cell-cell junctions required to couple intercellular adhesions and cortical cues to spindle orientation. Afadin is directly phosphorylated by S6K1 and abnormally decorates the apical surface of Tsc1-mutant cells with E-cadherin and α-catenin. Our data reveal that S6K1 hyperactivity alters centrosome positioning in mitotic cells, affecting oriented cell division and promoting kidney cysts in conditions of mTOR hyperactivity.
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors use and risk for mortality and metastases among male patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Wuqing , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Ji Jianguang
Published: June 2020

Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors are suggested to have anti-tumor effects and to inhibit surgery-induced immunosuppression. We aimed to explore whether post-diagnostic use of PDE5 inhibitors was associated with a better prognosis among male patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of open surgery in the association. Here we show that post-diagnostic use of PDE5 inhibitors is associated with a decreased risk of CRC-specific mortality (adjusted HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.67-0.99) as well as a decreased risk of metastasis (adjusted HR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.98). Specifically, post-operative use of PDE5 inhibitors has a strong anti-cancer effect. The reduced risk of metastasis is mainly due to distant metastasis but not regional lymphatic metastasis. PDE5 inhibitors have the potential to be an adjuvant drug for patients with CRC to improve prognosis, especially those who have undergone open surgery.
Author Correction: Unconventional valley-dependent optical selection rules and landau level mixing in bilayer graphene
Authors: Ju Long , Wang Lei , Li Xiao , Moon Seongphill , Ozerov Mike , Lu Zhengguang , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Mueller Erich , Zhang Fan , Smirnov Dmitry , Rana Farhan , McEuen Paul L.
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Does entry to center-based childcare affect gut microbial colonization in young infants?
Authors: Hermes Gerben D. A. , Eckermann Henrik A. , de Vos Willem M. , de Weerth Carolina
Published: June 2020

Entry to center-based childcare (CC) at three months of life can be an important challenge for infants as it includes major stressors such as long maternal separations and frequently changing caregivers. Stress and the new environment may in turn alter the composition of the gut microbiota with possible implications for future health outcomes. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study, we investigated whether CC, as compared to being cared for by the parents at home, alters the composition of the gut microbiota, while accounting for known covariates of the infant gut microbiota. Stool samples of infants who entered CC (n = 49) and control infants (n = 49) were obtained before and four weeks after CC entrance. Using Redundancy analysis, Random Forests and Bayesian linear models we found that infant gut microbiota was not affected in a uniform way by entry to CC. In line with the literature, breastfeeding, birth mode, age, and the presence of siblings were shown to significantly impact the microbial composition.
Texture features explain the susceptibility of grapevine cultivars to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) infestation in ripening and drying grapes
Authors: Tonina Lorenzo , Giomi Folco , Sancassani Manuel , Ajelli Matteo , Mori Nicola , Giongo Lara
Published: June 2020

Grapevine is a well-known host plant of the invasive pestDrosophila suzukii, but its susceptibility to pest oviposition and development greatly depends on the cultivar. To address environmental sustainability during viticultural zoning planning, new vineyard plantation and Integrated Pest Management programmes, it is essential to take pest pressure and cultivar susceptibility into account. To determine the different grapevine cultivars susceptibility toD. suzukii, we tested twelve widely spread cultivars during the ripening period. We also tested three cultivars during the drying period for raisin wine production. The infestation and emergence rates were consequently related to chemical and texture features of the berries to explain the role of skin and pulp characteristics in determining the nature of the susceptibility. Our results showed that susceptibility toD. suzukiiinfestation varies across cultivars. On ripening grapes, infestation is primarily influenced by skin and pulp firmness, elasticity and consistency. Suitability for egg development resulted mainly related to skin and pulp deformation. In a drying loft, infestation may also occur in relation to skin and pulp consistency. Lastly, we discuss the practical implication of the underestimated role of berry texture inD. suzukiioviposition and emergence success, in both ripening and drying grapes.
Combination of preoperative tumour markers and lymphovascular invasion with TNM staging as a cost and labour efficient subtyping of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yamano Tomoki , Yamauchi Shinichi , Igeta Masataka , Takenaka Yuya , Song Jihyung , Kimura Kei , Yasuhara Michiko , Babaya Akihito , Kataoka Kozo , Beppu Naohito , Ikeda Masataka , Tomita Naohiro , Sugihara Kenichi
Published: June 2020

Tumour-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging of colorectal cancer (CRC) needs further classification for better treatment because of disease heterogeneity. Although molecular classifications which are expensive and laborious are under study, cost and labour efficient subtyping is desirable. We assessed the combinations of preoperative tumour marker (TM) elevation and tumour lymphovascular invasion (LVI) as a solution. We used the pooled data of 7151 colon cancer (CC) patients and 4620 rectal cancer (RC) patients who received curative surgery between 2004 and 2008 in Japan. The best-matched subtyping for predicting relapse-free survival (RFS) was statistically selected using the c-index and Akaike’s information criterion. This subtyping (TM-LVI), which consisted of three categories by TM elevation status and severity of LVI status, was an independent prognostic factor for RFS of CC (stage IIa, IIIb, and IIIc) and RC (stage I, IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb) and also for disease specific survival of CC (stage IIa, IIb, IIIb, and IIIc) and RC (all stage except for IIc). Although TM-LVI classified CRC patients into low and high recurrence risk groups, the application of adjuvant therapy was not accordance with the TM-LVI status. TM-LVI may be a cost and labour efficient subtyping of colorectal cancer for better treatment strategy.