bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF TWO TRAINING MODALITIES WITH VARIED LOAD ON MUSCLE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS IN HEALTHY MALES
Authors: Predel Edyta , Boraczyński Michał , Boraczyński Tomasz , Karczewska Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of changes in lower limb muscle torque moments after applying two training variants with different load distribution over subsequent days of the microcycle. Basic procedures. The study included 36 students of the University of Physical Education in Warsaw (age: 21.4 ± 1.1 years, body mass 78.4 ± 7.5 kg, body height 180.1 ± 6.1 cm), who were randomly assigned to two groups implementing different training protocols: group A (n = 18, age 21.3 ± 0.9) – a fixed number of series in the microcycle (6), and group B (n = 18, age 21.7 ± 1.2) – a variable number of series in the microcycle (4-8). Training sessions were carried out on a station consisting of a trainer in the form of an inclined plane which was equipped with a dynamometric platform allowing registration of rebound force as a function of time (integrated with the TRP5v2 programme). The training programme lasted 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week recovery phase. The effects were observed at weekly intervals, both during and 2 weeks after completion of training (8 measurements). The measurement results for muscle torque moments in different joints of the lower limbs were evaluated under static conditions (extensors and flexors in the knee and hip joints as well as flexors in the ankle joint). Data was subjected to two-way analysis of variance (2×2 ANOVA) for repeated measurements. Main findings. Post-hoc testing revealed that the interaction effect occurred only in the case of muscle torque of the knee flexors – MTKF [N×m] (F(1,36) = 3.891, η2p = 0.103, p < 0.01). There were observed effects for time in group B in the case of hip extensor muscle torque - MTHE [N × m] (F(1,36) = 3.560, η2 p = 0.420, p < 0.01) – increase by 21.0%, and ankle flexor muscle torque – MTAF [N × m] (F(1,36) = 7.314, η2p = 0.181, p < 0.01) – increase by 12.5%. In group B, the total muscle torque increase for all (11.2%) of the examined joints was almost twice as high as in group A (6.9%). Conclusions. The training protocol used in group B (modulated number of series) was more effective than the training protocol with a fixed number of series to develop muscle torque moments in the knee joint. Both training protocols showed high efficiency in the increase of muscle torque moments of the hip joint extensors and in the ankle joint, therefore, they may be recommended in training programmes optimizing the level of strength and strength-speed abilities.
THE SOMATOTYPE AND ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF WRESTLERS FROM SİVAS, TURKEY
Authors: Acar Sercan , Koca Özer Başak
Published: April 2021

Aim: The purpose of the present study is to assessment of the young wrestlers' somatotypes and anthropometric characters in Turkey according to the weight and age category.
Basic Procedures: The study is carried out on a sample of 86 male wrestlers aged 10 to 21 years from Sivas. Various anthropometric measurements were performed (weight, height, sitting height, biceps and calf circumferences, humerus and femur width and triceps, subscapular, supraspinale and calf skinfolds thickness), anthropometric indices were calculated (upper arm muscle area, upper arm fat area, arm fat index, frame index and cormic index), and Heath-Carter somatotypes were determined.
Results: The result of the present study showed that the junior wrestlers (weight=80kg) exhibited more endomorphy and mezomorphy than the schoolboys wrestlers (weight=51.12kg. The wrestlers' mean somatotypes are found to be 2.81 1.05 (endomorphy), 3.71 1.28 (mesomorphy) and 1.76 1.25 (ectomorphy).
Conclusion: In conclusion, body structure and composition in the wrestlers were depended on their weight category. The junior wrestlers' characteristic type was endomorphic mesomorph, while the schoolboys wrestlers' type was mesomorph-endomorph. The wrestlers' endomorphy and indices of body composition can also be observed a considerable difference according to weight category. In addition, muscle area was found to be rising, however, fat area was decreasing.
SELECTED PARAMETERS OF ANAEROBIC CAPACITY AMONG PLAYERSIN VARIOUS POSITIONS ON THE POLISH SUPERLEAGUE HANDBALL TEAM
Authors: Krawczyk Krzysztof , Słowak Maciej
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: An overview of the literature on the subject of handball indicates that today’s top-level handball is dominated by sequences of short-duration (5 – 20 seconds) intensive anaerobic physical effort. Taking into account this data and the lack of scientific contribution describing the levels of the anaerobic capacity of top-level handball players, it seems essential to research this sphere of capacity in men’s Superleague teams.
Aim: The objective of the study is to evaluate the relative mechanical work (J/kg), peak power (W/kg), peak power production time (s) and peak power sustainment time (s) in Wingate tests performed on players in various positions.
Basic procedures: Research participants: 18 players in the Superleague handball team; average age of participants = 25.96±3.97 years old, average height = 192.76±7.21 cm, average body mass = 97.61±11.46 kg; average BMI = 25.84±1.92. The evaluation of anaerobic capacity was performed according to the 30-second Wingate test procedure, with the use of the Monark 824E cycle ergometer and the MCE v5.0 computer software.
Results: The mean peak power of the research participants was 11.12±0.84 W/kg; mean work value – 254.56±16.92J/kg, mean peak power production time – 4.82±0.82s; peak power sustainment time – 2.98±1.04s; fatigue index – 25.82±3.64%.
Conclusions: In the process of top-level handball training, it is necessary to pay more attention to the development of anaerobic endurance through the increased use of interval workload.

Key words: anaerobic capacity, interval training, handball
TRAINING LOADS DURING THE MARATHON PREPARATORY PHASE - A CASE STUDY OF THE POLISH MARATHON RECORD HOLDER
Authors: Szost Sara , Ozimek Mariusz , Mirek Wacław , Ciepielowska Joanna
Published: April 2021

Introduction. For many years researchers and coaches have been struggling with a crucial experimental problem of examining the relations between sport result and the elements of training loads. The main question of the theory of endurance sports is the study of the influence of varied activities on human system, which will eventually transfer into results improvement. By enriching the scientific knowledge regarding organism adaptation to different stimuli in terms of physiology, biochemistry, biomechanics and physical therapy, coaches and scholars have been developing theoretical foundations of workout.
Purpose of research. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the training loads of the competitive marathoner, the polish marathon record holder. The analysis is based on two mesocycles with a duration of 8 weeks of preparatory phase, guided by two different coaches. Moreover, another crucial issue included in the study is the comparison of the training framework and training loads in particular weeks.
Material and method. The practical implementation of the theory is provided with the use of research material of Olympian, who is also the Polish marathon record holder, in a form of his workout logs. The content of the workout logs includes two marathon mesocycles, each with a duration of 8 weeks of preparatory phase.
Results. The analysis of the volume of training loads in the eight-week mesocycle shows the diversity between the two studied marathon preparatory phases. Considering the efficacy based on the race result, it should be said that the workout plan of the first coach came out to be more beneficial for the marathoner.
Conclusions. Hence, it should be said that it is the general running endurance which should be the main workout element of every elite runner. Increased number of kilometers definitely conduces to achieve satisfactory marathon results. Moreover, one should remember that most of the marathon work should be done in oxygen balance.
Key words: marathon, training loads, runner, preparatory phase
Selected philosophical aspects of Gestalt psychotherapy
Authors: Skorupka Alfred
Published: April 2021

This paper presents major assumptions of Gestalt psychotherapy and compares them
with Zen buddhism and recentivism. The author analyses similarities and differences
between this particular psychological theory and philosophy. The conclusion of this
paper is that philosophy and psychology should benefit from their individual achievements,
but not in order to develop eclectic theories.
Crop yield and physical and chemical characteristics of acerola clones grown in the Alta Paulista region, Brazil
Authors: Dominguez Nasser Maurício , de Paiva Badiz Furlaneto Fernanda , Carolina Diniz Montagnoli Maria , Joyce de Oliveira Loyara , Carlos Cavichioli José , Fernandes Moura Mara
Published: April 2021

This paper aimed to evaluate crop yield and physical and chemical characteristics of acerola (Malpighia emarginataSessé & Mociño ex DC) clones grown in the Alta Paulista region, Brazil. The evaluationcomprised 7 clones, namely: Olivier, BRS 238-Frutacor, BRS 236-Cereja, BRS 235-Apodi, BRS 237-Roxinha, Okinawa,and Waldy-CATI 30, studiedfrom October 2018 to April 2019. Crop yield was analyzed based on the accumulated production of 12 harvests, withfresh massexpressedin kg fruit·plant-1. Considering the capacity of30 harvests per plant within thecomplete croppingperiod, total fruit mass (in kg fruit·plant-1) and crop yield (in tha-1) were estimated. Samples were collected from 4 of the 12 harvests in order to determineaverage fruit mass (g); average fruit size, fruitheight/diameter ratio, and pulp yield (%). Regarding fruit pulp, the analysis consisted of quantifying the soluble solids, expressed in degrees Brix, and the technological index (i.e. pulp yield x °Brix/100). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with 7 treatments and 4 repetitions. The obtained data were statistically processed by analysis of variance using the F test, and the means were compared using the Tukey’stest at the 0.05 significance level. The study concluded that, given the soil and weather conditions of the Alta Paulistaregion, Olivier, Apodi and Frutacor are the clones mainly recommended for the agro-industrial market, being the Olivier cultivar the first option among the three and appearing in a greater proportion in the area of the commercial orchard studied. Regarding the acerola production for fresh consumption, Olivier and Roxinha are the most suitable clones. Olivier stands out for its good fruit yield, adequate physical and chemical characteristics, and easy manual harvesting.
Efficiency of insecticides on nymphs and adults of Dichelops melacanthus(Dallas, 1851) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Fabichaki Paz Matheus , Regina Diel Yasmin , Paula Bellon Patrícia , Felipe Recalcatti Jonas
Published: April 2021

Thegreen-belly stink bug, Dichelops melacanthus, stands out as one of the main pests of the corn crop, mainly for its potential damage at the beginning of crop development, due to the sap suction at the base of seedlings, causing tillering and trimming symptoms, decreasing productivity and product quality. Aiming at the control of thestink bug, the objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of insecticides, as well as the lethal time(LT50) of these products on D. melacanthus. To perform the tests, it was used third instar nymphs and adults of D. melacanthusaged up to 72 hours, which were individualized in Petri dishes. For the application of the insecticide, corn leaves were collected and placed in plastic trays. With the aid of a pressurized spray, the insecticides Acefathe + Aluminum silicate (5 g/L), Thiamethoxam + Lambda-Cyhalothrin (1 mL/L), Imidacloprid + Bifenthrin (1.75 mL/L), Bifenthrin + Zeta-Cypermethrin (0.75 mL/L) and Azadiractin (10 mL/L) were applied. In the control, only distilled water was applied. Subsequently, the pulverized leaf pieces were individualized in the Petri dishes, where the third instar and adult bedbugs were already allocated. After application, each treatment was evaluated at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 3, 5, 24 and 48 hours, accounting for insect mortality. Tocorrect mortality, the values were transformed using the Scheneider-Orelli formula. The relationship between the periods of action of the insecticides on the mortality rate of insects was verified by nonlinear regression analysis, using the mathematical model of dose-response. All chemical insecticides evaluated were effective in controlling third instar nymphs; however, when applied to adults, Thiamethoxam + Lambda -Cyhalothrin and Acefathe + Aluminum silicate had reductions in bedbug mortality. Azadiractin showed low efficiency in controlling nymphs and adults of D. melacanthus. Insecticides showed better LT50 in nymphs when compared to adults. The insecticides Imidacloprid + Bifenthrin, Thiamethoxam + Lambda -Cyhalothrin and Bifenthrin + Zeta-Cypermethrin obtained the best LT50 responses for nymphs and adults of the green-belly stink bug. All chemical insecticides evaluated can be used in the integrated management of D. melacanthus.
A DEVASTAÇÃO MATERNA E SUAS REPERCUSSÕES NAS PARCERIAS AMOROSAS
Authors: Ferreira Andréa Eulálio de Paula , Luchina Marcia Maria Rosa Vieira
Published: April 2021

A sexualidade feminina se apresenta como enigmática. Isso suscita muitas reflexões sobre a feminilidade. A descoberta de que o sexo não é um fenômeno natural, mas resultado da subjetivação fálica, torna-se um marco extremamente significativo para a sexualidade feminina. Para Freud, a devastação estaria relacionada ao destino do falo na menina. Freud observa que certas mulheres permanecem fixadas na ligação original com a mãe, sem nunca alcançarem uma verdadeira mudança na relação com os homens. Lacan avança mais além dessa articulação fálica, ao perceber que o falo não satura o campo do gozo na sexualidade feminina. O que está em jogo é o gozo feminino, não todo submetido à função fálica. O termo devastação aparece como consequência da inexistência de um significante que defina A mulher e está presente em três momentos da teoria lacaniana: na relação com a mãe, na relação com o desejo da mãe e nas parcerias amorosas.
Qualificação Docente: capacitação para utilização do Google Classroom em meio à pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Silveira Sidnei Renato , Machado Adriana  Saldanha , Bertolini Cristiano , Figueiró Maurício  Bones , Bigolin Nara  Martini , Gobbi Rodrigo , Da Silva Sandro  Oliveira
Published: April 2021

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma qualificação docente, na modalidade de EaD – Educação a Distância, visando a preparar os professores de escolas públicas para utilizarem a plataforma Google Classroom em suas atividades pedagógicas, tendo-se em vista o isolamento social adotado em meio à pandemia de COVID-19. Como as atividades letivas estão sendo realizadas por meio do ensino remoto, algumas instituições de ensino estão empregando TDICs (Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e da Comunicação), tais como a ferramenta Google Classroom. Os resultados preliminares do projeto mostram que os participantes da qualificação estão satisfeitos com a sua aprendizagem e com as possibilidades de empregar o Google Classroom em suas atividades docentes.
Effect of Combination of Natural Dyes and the Blocking Layer on the Performance of DSSC
Authors: Mosharraf Hossain Bhuiyan Md. , Kabir Fahmid , Serajum Manir Md. , Saifur Rahaman Md. , Robiul Hossain Md. , Barua Prosenjit , Ghosh Bikram , Mitsugi Fumiaki , Ikegami Tomoaki , Huque Saiful , Ahmad Khan Mubarak
Published: April 2021

Over the years, researchers have been working on replacing sensitized dye for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), because of its low production cost, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. However, the overall performance of natural dye-based DSSCs is low compared to the DSSCs sensitized with Ruthenium based dyes. The combination of natural dyes with an optimized choice of the extracting solvents and the proper volume ratio of mixture of the dyes, enhances inherent properties, such as absorption and adsorption of the dyes. It also allows the device to utilize photon energy more efficiently over the entire visible wavelength. As a result, DSSC sensitized with the dye mixture shows higher absorbance, and cumulative absorption properties over the whole visible region than the DSSC fabricated with individual dyes and showed higher photocurrent. Another effective way to improve cell efficiency is by using a blocking layer. The blocking layer increases the photocurrent, is mainly due to the improvement of the electron recombination at the transparent conducting oxide/electrolyte interfaces. Also, the blocking layer’s compact structure creates an effective pathway for electron transportation; thus, the device’s photocurrent increases. Additionally, a slight improvement in the open-circuit voltage and fill factor was observed, thus cell efficiency enhances significantly. By both the proper ratio of dye mixture and the blocking layer improves cell performance of DSSC and opens a new pathway for future studies.
IIIrd Generation Solar Cell
Authors: Kwaśnicki Paweł
Published: April 2021

Light harvesting for generation of electric energy is one of the most important research topics in applied sciences. First, for an efficient harvesting one needs a material with a broad light absorption window having a strong overlap with the sunlight spectrum. Second, one needs an efficient conversion of photoexcited carriers into produced current or voltage which can be used for applied purposes. The maximum light conversion coefficient in semiconductor systems is designated by so called Shockley-Queisser law, which is around 32% for an optimal bandgap value of 1,2–1,3 eV. However the efficiency may be increased using a solutions based on semiconductor nano materials such as quantum dots. Solar cells based on such a structures are included in the group of 3rd generation solar sell. 3rd generation solar cell encompasses multiple materials as a base of cell, such as: perovskite, organic, polymers and biomimetics. The most promising and in the same time most discussed are quantum dots and perovskite. Both material has a potential to revolutionize the solar cell industry due to their wide absorption range and high conversion coefficient. Nonetheless before the most common used material in photovoltaic namely silicon is replace one must overcome few major issues such as: stability and lifetime for at least 5 to 10 years or more, manufacturing process for a large surfaces and low production cost as well as recycling after the time of optimal use.
Insect Pest Complex of Wheat Crop
Authors: Abdul Qayyum Mirza , Saeed Shafqat , Naeem-Ullah Unsar , Matloob Amar , Wajid Muhammad , Bakar Siddique Abou , Shahid Rumail , Ubaid Ur Rehman Zia Hafiz , Bilal Huda , Ramzan Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Wheat Triticum aestivum L. is grown on broad range of climatic conditions because of edible grains, cereal crop and stable food of about 2 Billion peoples worldwide. Additionally, it is the rich source of carbohydrates (55–60%), vegetable proteins and contributed 50–60% daily dietary requirement in Pakistan. Globally, wheat crops is grown over 90% area of total cultivated area; facing devastating biotic and abiotic factors. The estimated economic losses in wheat quantity and quality are about 4 thousands per tonne per year including physical crop losses and handling. Economic losses of about 80–90 million USD in Pakistan are recorded due to inadequate production and handling losses. Wheat agro-ecosystem of the world colonizes many herbivore insects which are abundant and causing significant losses. The feeding style of the insects made them dispersive from one habitat to another imposing significant crop loss. Areas of maximum wheat production are encountered with either insect which chew the vegetative as well as reproductive part or stem and root feeders. This chapter provides the pest’s taxonomic rank, distribution across the globe, biology and damage of chewing and sucking insect pest of wheat. It is very important to study biology of the pest in accordance with crop cycle to forecast which insect stage is economically important, what the proper time to manage pest is and what type of control is necessary to manage crop pest. The chapter will provide management strategies well suited to pest stage and environment.
Introducing an Innovative Oral Neuromuscular Treatment of the Underlying Reason for Reflux Caused by Hiatus Hernia: An Aggravating Factor in Esophagitis
Authors: Hägg Mary , Franzén Thomas
Published: April 2021

Esophagitis is a debilitating disease often leading to more serious conditions. It is aggravated by refluxed stomach acids for which the usual treatment is PPI drugs that at best treat the symptoms, not the underlying cause of reflux. Surgical interventions address the root - Hiatal muscular incompetence - but are invasive and expensive. Both treatments have proven unwanted side-effects. Neuromuscular treatment is a new and innovative alternative that addresses the root cause of reflux. The science and evidence behind this treatment is presented here. Reflux cannot happen when the diaphragm functions properly and maintains adequate pressure in the Hiatal canal, otherwise the neck of the stomach can intrude through the diaphragm into the chest cavity allowing reflux and conditions such as GERD, LPR, silent reflux, dyspepsia and more. This is especially common at night, when in bed. Training with a simple and inexpensive neuromuscular medical device takes 90 seconds per day, self-administered by the patient without medication or surgical intervention. No negative side effects are recorded for this treatment. Currently, 40 000 individuals have treated with the device. It is deployed in healthcare institutions in several countries and is recognised in the UK by NICE in a briefing to the NHS as a treatment for Hiatal hernia.
Pollinators: Their Evolution, Ecology, Management, and Conservation
Authors: Wojcik Victoria
Published: April 2021

Insect pollinators are a rich and diverse group of species that have coevolved with plants to create biodiverse and productive landscapes that support ecosystem services. Bees, beetles, flies, butterflies, moths, and even ants participating in moving pollen within and between flowers, assisting the reproduction of more than 80% of all flowering plants. The value of insect pollinators to ecosystems and economies is both large and immeasurable. One of three bites of food eaten is pollinated, and countless raw materials and natural products are the result of the visitation of flowers by insects. Yet, these keystone species face survival challenges driven by habitat loss, pests, disease, pesticides, and climate change. Conservation, restoration, and management seek to build back resilience into these systems, without which our world would be unrecognizable.
Black Women in Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks
Authors: Wahl Emma Ming ,   Ball State University
Published: April 2021

In this paper, I focus on the representations of Black women in contrast to Black men found within Frantz Fanon’s philosophical work Black Skin, White Masks. I propose that while Fanon’s racial dialectical work is very significant, he often lacks acknowledgement of the multidimensionality of the Black woman’s lived experience specifically. Drawing on the theory of intersectionality, coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, I argue that Fanon does not recognize the different layers of oppression operating in Black women’s lives to the degree that he fails to include them within his framework of both liberation and resistance from racial oppression.
Taxonomic review of Xenorhyncocoris Miller (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodiinae), with description of X. attractivus sp. nov. and notes on sexual dimorphism of the genus
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Liu Yingqi , Cai Wanzhi
Published: April 2021

The enigmatic millipede assassin bug genus Xenorhyncocoris Miller, 1938 is revised. Previously known species, X. caraboides Miller, 1938, X. princeps Miller, 1949 and X. schoenitzeri Putshkov & Bérenger, 1999, are diagnosed and photographed. A new species, X. attractivus sp. nov., is described based on male and female specimens from northeastern Borneo. The male of Xenorhyncocoris is reported for the first time, revealing the extreme sexual dimorphism present in the genus. The diagnosis of Xenorhyncocoris is extended in order to make it applicable to the new discovery, and a female-based key to species of the genus is updated. Relationships among Xenorhyncocoris and Vilius Stål, 1863, Neozirta Distant, 1919 and Schottus Distant, 1902 are briefly discussed.
Fixed point for F⊥-weak contraction
Authors: Garakoti Neeraj , Chandra Joshi , Kumar Rohit
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we establish some fixed point results for F⊥-weak contraction in orthogonal metric space and we give an application for the solution of second order differential equation.
Leisure in Bulgaria
Authors: Keliyan Maya
Published: April 2021

The article examines the leisure patterns in Bulgaria in comparison with other EU countries, analyzing data from Eurostat, National Statistical Institute, European Quality of Life Survey, results from the project "Local festivals: A resource of local communities for coping with crises", etc. Bulgarians actively use the internet and social networks, but we have the difficulties to achieve a balance between work, family, and social contacts. Low incomes negatively affect leisure activities by limiting them in order to meet the basic needs of the households. Lockdown, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, led to an increase in leisure time, but the possibilities for its use have significantly decreased. The extensive use of telework blurs the boundaries between working time and leisure.
Verification, Validation, and Best Practices for a High-Order, Potential-Flow Boundary Element Method
Authors: Doyle W. James , Schambach Lauren S. , Smith Marc V. , Field Charles , Hart Christopher J.
Published: April 2021

Aegir is a medium-fidelity potential flow code that uses a high-order, non-uniform rational B-Spline (NURBS) based boundary-element method for the computation of steady and unsteady ship hydrodynamics. This paper documents verification and validation for Aegir in its steady-state wave resistance prediction mode and Aegir’s LEAPS to Aegir function. A set of best practice guidelines has been created to aid the user in selecting initial input parameters, which reduces the necessary time for verification. This paper also presents validation of the numerical solution versus physical experiments from publically available ship data sets. Aegir has become more prevalent in the naval ship design community and is now a part of the US Navy’s Integrated Hydrodynamic Design Environment (IHDE).
Exploring Alternative Methodologies in Innovative Performance Yacht Design
Authors: Shaw Robert
Published: April 2021

Increasingly the dominance of engineering process in yacht design development imposes limitations on the possibilities and scope for creative design. Designers are also limited to some extent by tradition - following what has gone before - as well as being hampered by class and rating rules. This paper explores an alternative methodological framework for yacht design that has innovation as its central concern. This method has been trialled and developed in the design of the Shaw sport boats and performance keel yachts. It gives due weight to the iterative process, utilising an action research model which affords access to the heuristics of iteration.
UN COVID 19 Disability Inclusion Strategy: Assessing the Impact on Cultural-Safety and Capability Information Approach
Authors: Nwachukwu P.T.T. , Asuelime L.
Published: April 2021

This paper is aimed at exploring the role of the United Nations Disability Inclusion Strategy as a rights-based concept in understanding the recent COVID-19 outbreak; and how Cultural-Safety Capability Information, visible within the DSM-5, is linked with the achievable recovery and inclusion for persons with disabilities and post-COVID-19 pandemic for health and social care practitioners. There are two measured, actionable targets from the Disability Inclusion Strategy that are geared towards achievable standards of health for persons with disabilities, which are the identifying and eliminating of obstacles and barriers to accessibility in healthcare facilities and the training of healthcare personnel on disability inclusion and improving service delivery for persons with disabilities. The concepts of recovery and inclusion are discussed within a rights-based, and Cultural-Safety Capability Information (DSM-5) approaches in order to curb the COVID-19 info-demic (Information epidemic). This paper has recommendations for the United Nations Disability Inclusion Strategy as a rights-based idea and the re-educating and re-orientation of both the right-holders, persons with disabilities, for example, and the duty-bearers. This paper also discusses the health and social care practitioners and their realisation of health care and recovery, curbing inequalities in accessing health care, education, and easing participation for persons with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Covid-19 Fatality Rate in Third World Countries: A Review of Environmental Challenges and Impacts on Public Health and Human Security
Authors: Etodike Chukwuemeka E. , Ekeghalu Elsie C. , Ani Kelechi Johnmary , Mutambara Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

The novel coronavirus is far from being over; with the case-fatality rate (CFR) hitting more than 16,500 globally as of July, there is a worry that despite the fact that the global CFR curve is showing signs of flattening, the environmental peculiarities of the third world countries may be abetting global efforts towards containing the virus. Therefore, this review x-rayed these peculiarities in the light of their current concern in public health as per their contribution to the persistent surge in CFR in most developing nations. Given that the virus is transmitted via droplets, the review focused on how the state of public and environmental challenges such as air as well as water pollution and personal hygiene could be abetting the surge in coronavirus infections and morbidity. The review revealed, among other things, that challenges associated with poor sanitary conditions, lack of potable water, unventilated environments, air pollution, and poor inter-personal hygiene are devastating challenges in the fight against the pandemic. The implication is that since these conditions are systematic in nature, it may take more than average effort and public sacrifice to checkmate the case-fatality rate of the virus in the third world. Therefore, call for studies is necessary to establish empiricism for CFR patterns and ratio across areas in deplorable environmental and sanitary conditions.
COVID-19 Lockdown and its Impact on Social–Ethics and Psycho-Social Support for Disability Care
Authors: Nwachukwu P.T.T.
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to explore the social-ethics dimension and the psychosocial support for persons with disabilities, as well as health and social care practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond regarding quarantine conditions currently ravaging the world. The COVID-19 outbreak has motivated the enactment of public health control procedures, particularly quarantines. The impacts of quarantines during this COVID-19 outbreak period and the interventions to relieve the strain are discussed through a descriptive analysis pattern and linked with social ethic and psychosocial support for behavioural health and social work practices. The role of the social-ethic perspective is that it is geared towards reducing the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 quarantine for persons with disabilities and for disability care. This paper outlines psychosocial uneasiness, including distress and stressors, as a result of the hazards and anxiety sensitivities, as well as the immense concern for persons with disabilities and their care practitioners during quarantine and beyond. This paper offers new insights on the COVID-19 virus and the quarantine measures that were missed, which could have averted its spread globally; quarantine or lockdown has a secondary effect in lessening the capacity of the virus's transmission and decreases the likelihood of people contracting, and thus infecting others. This paper suggests recommendations for persons with disabilities in quarantine and their families and the management of perceptions of public health risks, threats, and issues about health and social care workers becoming "covitors” (meaning COVID-19 survivors) now and post-COVID-19.
Diagnostikas un ekspluatācijas algoritmu kompleksa izstrāde lieljaudas transformatoru salīdzinošai novērtēšanai pieļaujama riska apstākļos
Authors:   , Poišs Gints
Published: April 2021

Transformators ir viena no elektropārvades sistēmas nozīmīgākajām iekārtām, un tās atslēgšanās var iespaidot patērētājus un pārvades sistēmas stabilitāti kopumā. Tādēļ ļoti svarīgs rīks, ar ko iespējams apstrādāt ekspluatācijas un tehniskā stāvokļa datus, tos pārvēršot skaitlī, ir tehniskā stāvokļa indekss (TSI). Ar TSI, ņemot vērā transformatora tehnisko stāvokli, ir iespējams objektīvi un pamatoti lemt par nākotnē ieguldāmajām investīcijām, kas saistītas ar transformatoru nomaiņu vai remontu. Šādā veidā izmantojot TSI, apzinoties un sekojot līdzi identificētajiem riskiem, transformatora ekspluatācijas ilgums palielināsies. TSI metodi ir lietderīgi lietot transformatora parkam, jo tā ļauj viegli identificēt transformatorus, kuriem nepieciešams pievērst vislielāko uzmanību. Svarīgs šīs metodes priekšnosacījums ir datu pieejamība, to dažādība un regularitāte jeb iegūšanas biežums. Šie rādītāji (priekšnosacījumi) dažādām pārvades sistēmām var atšķirties, tādējādi radot nepieciešamību pēc individuāli pielāgotas metodes. Promocijas darbā lietotas Latvijas pārvades sistēmā izmantotās transformatoru diagnostikas metodes un to rezultāti, un, izmantojot jau esošo datu apjomu un plūsmu, izstrādāts tehniskā stāvokļa indeksā balstīts algoritma komplekss lieljaudas transformatoru riska pakāpes noteikšanai pieļaujama riska apstākļos.
Influence of Raw Meat Content on 3D-Printing and Rheological Properties
Authors: Herold Marius , Morick Sören , Hensel Oliver , Grupa Uwe
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of raw chicken meat content on the rheological properties and 3D printability of minced meat mixtures using different concentrations of raw and cooked chicken meat. The meat mass contained yolk, crushed ice, lean raw meat and cooked meat with a high concentration of connective tissue. The concentrations of raw meat added to cooked meat as a percentage of the total weight of meat were 0; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70 and 100. To determine the rheological properties, amplitude sweep and frequency sweep were carried out with a Rheostress RS 300 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.). Cubes were printed, and the printability and optical impression were evaluated using grades from 1-5. The results showed that rheological properties had a strong influence on the printability of meat mass and it is necessary for G' (storage modulus) at the LVR (linear viscoelastic region) to be higher than 7000 Pa. The complex viscosity |η*| should be higher than 170 Pa, at a shear stress τ = 10 Pa, and a frequency f = 10 Hz used to guarantee sufficient solidity.
Identifying the contradictions in the technology enhanced language classroom
Authors: Miles Rob
Published: April 2021

This study takes place in the context of a federal laptop-mediated English language pre-university course in the United Arab Emirates. Despite predictions and claims from policy makers and practitioners that 1:1 classroom devices would revolutionise teaching and learning, student results remain static and student attrition remains high. Through the lens of activity theory this paper identifies ten contradictions, and their discursive manifestations, potentially causing failure and attrition. This paper contributes to the fields of technology enhanced learning, 1:1 device initiatives, English language teaching, computer assisted and mobile assisted language learning and activity theory by highlighting several problematic experiences in teachers’ practices and mapping these within the activity system context. The paper also questions the positive impact of a 1:1 laptop initiative in this particular context, with implications for future research.
Dinâmica regional das atividades produtivas do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul: 40 anos de formação político-administrativa
Authors: Rodrigues Wesley Osvaldo Pradella , Frainer Daniel Massen , Souza Celso Correia de
Published: April 2021

O estado de Mato Grosso do Sul [MS] foi criado em 11 de outubro de 1977, a partir do desmembramento do estado de Mato Grosso. Portanto, MS completou 40 anos de autonomia político-administrativa em 2017. Aqui se busca analisar a dinâmica regional das atividades produtivas de MS, identificando os setores que mais se destacaram e dinamizaram. Para tanto, foram utilizados o método de análise regional, com vistas a verificar o perfil do estado por subsetores do IBGE de 1985 a 2015 e, com base nos dados da RAIS, o método estrutural-diferencial, visando analisar a dinâmica do crescimento do emprego formal no mesmo período a partir da decomposição dos fatores responsáveis por esse crescimento. Os resultados mostram que o padrão de concentração do emprego formal nas microrregiões e setores não sofreu modificações significativas, apontando para um mesmo perfil dos setores no estado, marcado pela concentração do emprego formal em certas atividades e microrregiões durante o período. Observou-se ainda que há uma concentração de mais de 50% do total de emprego formal nas microrregiões de Campo Grande e Dourados. O setor com maior contingente de empregados formais foi o de serviços.
Desenvolvimento socioeconômico de Santana do Livramento: uma análise pelo IFDM
Authors: Alves Amanda Da Maia , Hoff Debora Nayar
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do município de Santana do Livramento entre os anos de 2005 e 2016, buscando entender as mudanças que ocorreram neste período. Para este fim, foram usados dados do índice IFDM, desdobrado em Emprego e Renda, Saúde e Educação. Complementarmente, foram utilizados dados secundários de informações do município e análises qualitativas a partir de entrevistas com os gestores de cada área. De acordo com os resultados, é possível afirmar que 2016 foi o ano de maior desenvolvimento socioeconômico do município, tendo o IFDM alcançado o valor de 0,7597 (considerado como de ‘desenvolvimento moderado’). Pode-se observar que a Saúde foi o indicador que mais contribuiu para elevar o IFDM do município, apresentando melhoras no seu índice, sobretudo, nos períodos de 2008-2010 e 2014-2016, quando alcançou a condição de ‘desenvolvimento alto’. Outro indicador que apresentou melhora no período foi a Educação, que terminou o período analisado como sendo de ‘desenvolvimento moderado’. Porém, a área de Emprego e Renda demonstrou ser a mais carente, em alguns anos estacionando no patamar de ‘desenvolvimento regular’.
Social networks and alcohol consumption among first generation Chinese and Korean immigrants in the Los Angeles metropolitan area
Authors: Hofstetter C. Richard , Clapp John D. , Allem Jon-Patrick , Hughes Suzanne C. , Li Yawen , Irvin Veronica , Daly Alan J. , Kang Sunny , Hovell Melbourne F.
Published: April 2021

Hofstetter, C., Clapp, J., Allem, J., Hughes, S., Li, Y., Irvin, V., Daly, A., Kang, S., & Hovell, M. (2014). Social networks and alcohol consumption among first generation Chinese and Korean immigrants in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(4), 245-255. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.188Aims: To test hypotheses involving mechanisms of reinforcement of alcohol behaviors operating in social networks.Design: Telephone interviews conducted by professional interviewers in Mandarin or Korean or English with first generation Chinese (from Mainland or Taiwan) and Korean immigrants residing using a dual frame stratified sampling design. Combined probability and non-probability approaches for sampling due to the widespread use of cell phones. Interviews were conducted in language of preferences with over 95% of interviews in Korean or Mandarin.Setting: Residents of three counties with the largest proportions of eligible residents (Los Angeles, Orange, and San Bernardino) were included.Participants: Adult residents (21 and over) stratified by gender who could be reached by telephone constituted the sample.Measures: Measures included frequency/amount alcohol consumption drawn from NIAAA standard, a “relax, socialize, have fun with” name generator was used to identify alters. Reinforcers within networks were measured by participant reports of amount of alter drinking, drunkenness, and encouragement to drink, acculturation, and demographic variables were measured by self report.Findings: Using a random effects approach and controlling for other variables, including drinking in the network, acculturation, Korean/Chinese origin, and demographics, source of immigration, network context, as was and sampling frame, encouragement to drink in the network was related to drinking (P<.05).Conclusions: Studies of social networks in relation to health behaviors should include measures of actions within networks, especially reinforcers of behaviors, in order to understand the functioning and consequences of networks.
Evaluation of the Examination Stress among the First Year MBBS Students in the Medical College
Authors: Tilwani Mahesh
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim: The objectives were to determine the effect of examination stress explored by self-evaluation questionnaire, correlation of examination stress and impact of examination stress on the academic performance.

Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on medical students to determine the examination stress explored by anxiety questionnaire, biochemical parameter and autonomic function tests. Fifty medical students studying in first academic year admitted for the first year were included in the study. Information about demographic, social, cultural, and life-style factors were collected using a proforma of questionnaire. Name, age, sex and nativity were also recorded. Stress was explored during first terminal examination since it was the first major examination faced by the students after entering into the professional course. One parameter was used to measure the level of stress; Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) self-evaluation questionnaire to measure the level of stress.

Results: Anxiety levels dropped in post- examination period. In contrast abnormal autonomic functions did not decrease during post- examination period. In male and female students expected pattern of raised anxiety during examination and dropped anxiety scores in post- examination were observed.

Conclusion: The results of this study should help understand the pattern of response to the examination stress and enable development of strategies that will assist the students to handle the stress in a more efficient manner.
Fate of Citric Acid Addition on Mineral Elements Availability in Calcareous Soils of Jordan Valley
Authors: Al-balawna Zohuir A. , Abu-Abdoun Ideisan I.
Published: April 2021

The variation in physical and chemical properties of calcareous soils in Jordan valley has been changed dramatically due to use large amount of fertilizers in regular manner. Addition of organic acid such as citric acid (CA), can greatly change the pH which can affects plant growth and production, the weakly ionized organic acid present in the calcareous soil mostly in the form of organic matter, can play major rule in soils to raise the availability of mineral nutrients that are essential for crops, by lowering soil density, reducing soil salinity and the effects of suspended particles in soil which may hinder plant growth.

The reduction in the pH of the soil enhance the availability of nutrients such as Fe, Cu, Zn, ions, by converting the metallic insoluble state to ionic form, and thus nutrients are easily available for plants intake, the salinity of the soil did not change by increasing the citric acid concentration, while the pH of the soil decreases.

Data are presented to show the effects of citric acid (CA) concentration, ionic concentration of iron, copper, Zinc and manganese and the decrease in soil PH and soil density.
Clinical and Prognostic Characteristics of "Disease-specific" Autoantibodies in Systemic Scleroderma
Authors: Abrarovna Aripova Nozima , Rustamovna Djurayeva Elnora , Abdumalikovna Nabiyeva Dildora , Abrarovna Ganiyeva Nafisa
Published: April 2021

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease of autoimmune nature characterized by the triad of vascular injury, autoimmunity (cellular and humoral) and tissue fibrosis. Autoantibodies do not seem to be simply epiphenomena, but are involved in disease pathogenesis. It is believed that the SSc-specific autoantibodies are responsible both for amplifying immune response and targeting cell types that are relevant in the pathophysiology of SSc. In the current understanding of the pathogenesis of SSc, the leading role is assigned to the vascular lesion of the microvasculature arising against the background of immunity dysregulation and the intensification of fibrosis processes associated with the action of various growth factors and cytokines. In SSc, as in other systemic autoimmune diseases, chronic B-lymphocytic activation is observed, which results in a loss of tolerance to self antigens. Circulation of a wide range of autoantibodies (antibodies) is a characteristic feature of SSc. It is possible that autoantigens in SSc are released during ischemia-reperfusion tissue damage that occurs against the background of vasospastic vascular reactions characteristic of this disease. In the process of B-cell presentation of autoantigens through costimulatory surface molecules, activation of T-lymphocytes occurs, followed by clonal expansion of T-cell subpopulations, which are autoreactive towards endothelium and fibroblasts. It is believed that B cells play an important role in the initial mechanisms of fibrosis in SSc, and chronic activation of B cells is directly related to the development of sclerodermic fibrosis through the production of antibodies and fibrogenic cytokines. Despite many years of efforts, a complete concept explaining the role of antibodies in the pathogenesis of SSc has not yet been created. At the same time, a huge amount of information has been accumulated on the diagnostic and prognostic significance of circulating antibodies, the importance of which for the supervision of the patient can hardly be overestimated.
Dissociation of nucleoprotein complexes by chaotropic salts
Authors: Damodaran Srinivasan , Kinsella John E.
Published: July 2002

The effect of various anions in destabilizing yeast nucleoprotein complexes followed the order F− < Cl− < Br− < ClO−
4 ⋍ Cl3CCOO−. Treatment of yeast nucleoproteins with 0.5 M NaClO4 resulted in removal of 80% of RNA. Based on the results, a simple method for effective separation of RNA from ribosomal particles is proposed and the mechanism of RNA dissociation by anions is also discussed.