bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multiwavelength Study of the Sgr B Region: Contiguous Cloud–Cloud Collisions Triggering Widespread Star Formation Events?
Authors: Enokiya Rei , Fukui Yasuo
Published: June 2022

The Sgr B region, including Sgr B1 and Sgr B2, is one of the most active star-forming regions in the Galaxy. Hasegawa et al. originally proposed that Sgr B2 was formed by a cloud–cloud collision (CCC) between two clouds with velocities of ∼45 km s−1 and ∼75 km s−1. However, some recent observational studies conflict with this scenario. We have reanalyzed this region, by using recent, fully sampled, dense-gas data and by employing a recently developed CCC identification methodology, with which we have successfully identified more than 50 CCCs and compared them at various wavelengths. We found two velocity components that are widely spread across this region and that show clear signatures of a CCC, each with a mass of ∼106
M
⊙. Based on these observational results, we suggest an alternative scenario, in which contiguous collisions between two velocity features with a relative velocity of ∼20 km s−1 created both Sgr B1 and Sgr B2. The physical parameters, such as the column density and the relative velocity of the colliding clouds, satisfy a relation that has been found to apply to the most massive Galactic CCCs, meaning that the triggering of high-mass star formation in the Galaxy and starbursts in external galaxies can be understood as being due to the same physical CCC process.
Fluctuations in the Ginzburg–Landau Theory of Dark Energy: Internal (In)consistencies in the Planck Data Set
Authors: Banihashemi Abdolali , Khosravi Nima
Published: June 2022

In this work, predictions of the Ginzburg–Landau theory of dark energy (GLT) for cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing are studied. We find that the time and scale dependence of the dark energy fluctuations in this semiphenomenological model is favored by data in several ways. First, unlike ΛCDM, ℓ ≤ 801 and ℓ > 801 ranges of the CMB angular power spectrum are consistent in this framework. Second, the lensing amplitude A

L
is completely consistent with unity when GLT is confronted with CMB data, even without including CMB lensing data. Therefore the lensing anomaly is absent in this model. Although the background evolution of dark energy in this model is able to reconcile the H
0 inferred from CMB with that directly measured through observing nearby standard candles, the inclusion of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data brings the inferred H
0 close to what ΛCDM predicts and hence the Hubble tension is not fully eased. However, this does not affect the posterior on A

L
and the lensing anomaly is still absent.
Free Core Nutation and Its Relation to the Spin-over Mode
Authors: Rekier Jérémy
Published: June 2022

The time-varying response of Earth’s and other planets’ rotation to external gravitational torques depends strongly on their internal structure. In particular, the existence of the mode known as the free core nutation in the fluid core is known to amplify the forced nutations in the near-diurnal retrograde frequency band (as measured in the planetary frame of reference). Due to their proximity in shape and frequency, this mode is sometimes equated with the so-called spin-over mode, which denotes the free oscillation of a steadily rotating ellipsoidal fluid core. Through a careful study of the freely rotating two-layer planetary model with a rigid mantle and an inviscid fluid core, we show that the spin-over mode frequency corresponds to that where the sum of the external and internal torques on the mantle is balanced, causing it to rotate steadily. The presence of dissipation at the core−mantle boundary causes the free core nutation to become damped and slightly offsets its resonance frequency. We show that this offset, which is ≈−1 day for Earth, can be interpreted as the result of the proximity of the free core nutation frequency to that of the spin-over mode, which now corresponds to a minimum in the magnitude of the transfer function for nutations. We also show how this proximity leads to a slightly lower quality factor for the resonance than that computed from the usual formula. We conclude by discussing possible implications of this mechanism for Mars, the Moon, and the long-term evolution of Earth.
Moderately High Obliquity Promotes Biospheric Oxygenation
Authors: Barnett Megan N. , Olson Stephanie L.
Published: June 2022

Planetary obliquity is a first-order control on planetary climate and seasonal contrast, which has a number of cascading consequences for life. How moderately high obliquity (obliquities greater than Earth’s current obliquity up to 45°) affects a planet’s surface physically has been studied previously, but we lack an understanding of how marine life will respond to these conditions. We couple the ROCKE-3D general circulation model to the cGENIE 3D biogeochemical model to simulate the ocean biosphere’s response to various planetary obliquities, bioessential nutrient inventories, and biospheric structure. We find that the net rate of photosynthesis increased by 35% and sea-to-air flux of biogenic oxygen doubled between the 0° and 45° obliquity scenarios, which is an equivalent response to doubling bioessential nutrients. Our results suggest that moderately high obliquity planets have higher potential for biospheric oxygenation than their low-obliquity counterparts and that life on moderately high obliquity habitable planets may be easier to detect with next-generation telescopes. These moderately high obliquity habitable planets may also be more conducive to the evolution of complex life.
Effects of Red-Fleshed Pitaya (Selenicereus polyrhizus) Ingestion after Strenuous Exercise on Creatine Kinase and Mitochondrial Function in Rat Muscle Cells
Authors: Rusip Gusbakti , Ilyas Syafrudin , Lister I Nyoman , Ginting Chrismis Novalinda , Mukti Ade Indra , Girsang Ermi
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Free radicals formed during strenuous exercise through an increase in reactive oxygen species induce damage to tissues (e.g., muscle and liver) and cause oxidative damage to cells, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction.

AIM: As an effective method to repair mitochondrial muscle cell function, this study investigated the effects of red-fleshed pitaya (RFP) ingestion on creatine kinase (CK), which is a biomarker for muscle tissue damage, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels during strenuous exercise.

METHODS: This study involved 25 3-month-old male rats with an average weight of 200 g. The RFP extract was obtained through ethanol extraction and concentrated using an air-drying method. Rats were randomly allocated into five groups as follows: Two control groups (K1 [no-exercise, no RFP] and K2 [exercise, no RFP]) and three test groups (P1, P2, and P3; subjected to exercise and treated with 75, 150, and 300 mg kg−1 body weight of RFP, respectively). The exercise was in the form of swimming for 20 min 3 times/week for 31 days. CK and MDA were measured through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histopathological examinations were performed through hematoxylin and eosin staining of rat muscles.

RESULTS: The MDA levels after the ingestion of RFP extracts were compared between the K2 group and the P1, P2, and P3 groups. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05 for P1 and P2, and p < 0.01 for P3), indicating the production of free radicals and CK, with features of damaged muscle cells based on histopathology. Ingestion of the RFP extract led to improvements in soleus muscle cells, resulting in cell function repair.

CONCLUSION: Levels of MDA and CK increased during exercise, which caused significant muscle damage. However, after treatment with the RFP extract, the levels of both markers decreased. Thus, strenuous exercise causes an increase in reactive oxygen species, resulting in increased free radical levels. RFP ingestion decreased oxidative stress levels, thus repairing mitochondrial cell function.
Anxiolytic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Three Species of Indonesian Lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber aromaticum, and Zingiber americans)
Authors: Widyastiwi Widyastiwi , Roseno Mohammad
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Lempuyang, or widely known as wild ginger, has been used in Indonesia as traditional medicine for a long time. However, scientific research supporting its medicinal use is still very limited.

AIM: This research was conducted to investigate the anxiolytic activity of three species of Indonesian Lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber aromaticum, and Zingiber americans).

METHODS: Sixty-six male Swiss Webster mice were divided into 11 groups (negative control, positive control, and experiment groups consisting of low, moderate, and high dose of Z. zerumbet, Z. aromaticum, and Z. americans extract, respectively). Anxiolytic activity was evaluated by three methods: elevated plus maze test, open field test, and hole board test.

RESULTS: The results showed that these three species of Indonesian Lempuyang lowered the anxiety response in elevated plus maze test, open field test, and hole board test compared to negative control (p < 0.05). The best anxiolytic activity was achieved by moderate dose of Z. americans (8.5 mg/20 gbb), consistently through three methods applied.

CONCLUSION: This research supports the potential use of the ethanolic extract of Lempuyang (Z. zerumbet, Z. aromaticum, and Z. americans) as a complementary therapy for anxiety.
The Use of Panax Ginseng to Reduce the Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin and Study its Effect on Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, and Apoptosis Pathways
Authors: Al-Hussaniy Hany Akeel , Al-Kuraishy Hayder M. , Abdulameer Abdul-Ghaffar A.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum anti-cancer drug that is used to treat a variety of cancers, including blood cancers such as leukemia and solid tissue cancers. However, its use some time limited because of its cardiotoxicity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the cardioprotective effect of ginseng in the case of cardiotoxicity caused by doxorubicin therapy. Methods: Thirty experimental animals (male Sprague Wistar rats) were used in this research and they were separated into three groups: Rats in Group I (n# = 10) were given distilled water plus normal saline, rats in Group II (n# = 10) were given distilled water plus doxorubicin, and rats in Group III (n# = 10) were given Panax ginseng plus doxorubicin. Serum concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reductase (GSH), lipid peroxidase (LPO), TNF (ng/L), cardiac troponin (ng/L), brain natriuretic peptide BNP(g/L), and caspase-3 (pmol/L) levels were measured in all groups. RESULTS: Doxorubicin caused substantial cardiotoxicity as a result of a significant increase in the elevation of cTnI to 40.09 ± 6.67 (ng/L). In addition, MDA, LPO, TNF-α, and caspase-3 levels were increased in doxorubicin group compared to the control group p < 0.05. Panax ginseng reduced cardiac troponin (cTnI) However, its effect on reduction of BNP levels insignificantly compared to the doxorubicin group p = 0.06. Panax ginseng reduced LPO and MDA and raised the antioxidant potential biomarker GSH significantly compared to the doxorubicin group p < 0.05. Panax ginseng significantly reduced inflammatory (TNF-α) and apoptotic (caspase-3) biomarkers when compared to the doxorubicin group. CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings of this study, Panax ginseng suppresses reactive oxygen species and inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in experimental rats, thereby preventing doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular events.
Relationship between Gene Polymorphism of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) rs699947 with VEGF and Matrix Metalloproteinase-14 Protein Levels in Patient with Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Bassar Ivan Kurniawan , Jamsari Jamsari , Nasrul Ellyza , Humaryanto Humaryanto
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein levels in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with ulcerative foot will tend to decrease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors have also been identified in regulating capillary tubes formation (morphogenesis) with the collagen matrix, associated with the formation and regression of granulation tissue during the wound healing process.

AIM: This study was aimed to determine the relationship between gene polymorphism VEGF rs699947 with VEGF and MMP-14 protein levels in cases of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

METHODS: This study was an observational research with cross-sectional comparative study design. The population in this study were type-2 DM patients who met the inclusion criteria. According to the Meggitt-Wagner classification, the study sample was divided into two groups: Type 2 DM group without DFU and type 2 DM group with DFU Grades 1–3.

RESULTS: In this study, there were differences in the protein levels of MMP-14 (p = 0.039) VEGF (p = 0.002) between type-2 DM patients with and without FDU. However, there was no difference in the VEGF gene polymorphism rs6999947 between type-2 DM patients with and without FDU (p = 0.099). In addition, the results showed that type-2 DM patients with MMP-14 protein levels ≤ 3.864 had a 3.6 times greater risk of suffer FDU compared to type-2 DM patients with MMP-14 protein levels > 3.864 but not significant (PR = 3.600 (IK 5 % 1.142–11.346); p = 0.052). Meanwhile, type 2 DM patients with VEGF protein levels ≤567.42 were significantly more at risk of 9048 times to suffer FDU compared to type 2 DM patients with VEGF protein levels > 567.42 (PR = 9.048 (CI 5% 2.571–31.842); p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: In type 2 DM patients with FDU, there were lower levels of MMP-14 and VEGF compared to patients without FDU. There is a significant relationship between VEGF protein levels and the incidence of FDU in type 2 DM patients, but there is no relationship between MMP-14 and the gene polymorphism VEGF rs6999947 with the incidence of FDU in type 2 DM patients.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Secondary Hypertension
Authors: Song Su Hyun , Choi Hong Sang , Bae Eun Hui
Published: June 2022

Secondary hypertension, which refers to arterial hypertension caused by an identifiable medical condition, accounts for 5-10% of all hypertensive diagnoses; however, this is thought to be an underestimate. If diagnosed promptly, secondary hypertension can be treated, and proper blood pressure restored. This review focuses on the screening, diagnosis, and management of the most common forms of secondary hypertension, including primary aldosteronism, renovascular hypertension, pheochromocytoma, Cushing’s syndrome, and renal parenchymal disease.
Jeunesse, récit d’insertion et nécessité de l’étude longitudinale
Authors: Hamel Jacques
Published: June 2022

La jeunesse pose problème quand il s’agit de l’envisager sous l’angle sociologique afin de savoir comment les jeunes s’insèrent dans la société ou, plus exactement, dans la vie sociale. En effet, la jeunesse correspond à une courte période de l’existence, sujette aux aléas de l’entrée dans la vie adulte. Comment peut-on, dans ces conditions, saisir la vie d’une personne pour qui l’intégration à la société est en voie de se faire ? Les problèmes, on le devine, sont d’ordre à la fois théorique et méthodologique. Le présent article cherche à les cerner à la lumière de deux enquêtes conduites à dix ans d’intervalle auprès d’une même cohorte de jeunes, en vue d’appréhender concrètement leur insertion sociale et professionnelle au terme de leurs études universitaires. Un retour sur cette expérience qui remonte à plusieurs années met ici au jour la pertinence que peut revêtir une étude longitudinale auprès des jeunes, dont le récit de vie paraît constituer la méthode idéale malgré les difficultés qu’elle ne manque pas de soulever d’entrée de jeu.
Une enfance sous contrôle institutionnel
Authors: Dietrich-Ragon Pascale , Frechon Isabelle
Published: June 2022

En France, 187 000 enfants ou adolescents sont placés au titre de l’enfance en danger, soit 1 % des moins de 21 ans. À partir de l’étude longitudinale sur l’accès à l’autonomie après le placement (ELAP), cet article étudie le rapport aux institutions des jeunes de l’aide sociale à l’enfance (ASE). Deux types d’attitudes opposées sont identifiés, entre lesquels il existe un continuum de situations. L’« adhésion » aux attentes des institutions se caractérise par une acceptation de la prise en charge et des parcours conformes aux attentes des travailleurs sociaux. Dans le cas de la « non-adhésion », le placement est au contraire vécu comme une injonction à renoncer à ses rêves ou un carcan. Cela conduit à des confrontations répétées avec les travailleurs sociaux et, parfois, à un départ précipité de l’ASE. Le rapport à l’institution a donc un effet décisif sur la transi tion vers la sortie et l’appréhension des relais avec les aides institutionnelles des dispositifs en dehors de l’ASE.
Les enfants placés en rupture scolaire
Authors: Lesage Marie , Woollven Marianne
Published: June 2022

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique dans un service de la protection de l’enfance proposant des activités de jour à des adolescents placés qui sont en rupture scolaire, cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont les parcours de placement et les parcours scolaires des jeunes interagissent de manière combinatoire, ce qui permet de rendre compte des ruptures dans les rapports avec les différentes institutions. Ces parcours sont jalonnés de comportements hétérodoxes, de tensions relationnelles et de conflits, notamment avec les pairs. Cela conduit à des ruptures institutionnelles dans la scolarité et les services de la protection de l’enfance, qui se font écho.
Jeunesse en migration sous injonctions
Authors: Marmié Cléo
Published: June 2022

L’article propose, à partir d’une enquête multisite auprès de jeunes « en mouvement » du Maroc vers la France, d’analyser les logiques discursives et les logiques d’action ambivalentes et parfois concurrentes mises en œuvre au nom du « bien de l’enfant », en s’intéressant particulièrement au travail institutionnel d’autonomisation dont témoigne la prise en charge de ces jeunes. À partir de l’étude d’un public « à la marge » de la protection de l’enfance, il s’agit ainsi d’observer comment le travail moral auprès des jeunes catégorisés « mineurs non accompagnés » éclaire les processus de gouvernement de la jeunesse par l’action sociale et humanitaire. En portant le regard sur les discours et les pratiques de la protection et de l’autonomie, l’article interroge les effets de la profusion de dispositifs et d’intervenants sur les expériences migratoires juvéniles en s’intéressant à leurs déclinaisons au Maroc et en France.
Faire face aux enjeux du travail du futur : les apports de la notion de situation et de la théorie de l’enquête
Authors: Begie Patrice , Mathieu Pierre
Published: June 2022

Depuis le début de la décennie, l’attention est portée sur « l’industrie du futur », en particulier « l’usine du futur ». Dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche pluridisciplinaire, nous nous interrogeons sur les transformations digitales et les perspectives à même de favoriser l’émergence de nouveaux modèles du travail. Pour investiguer ce phénomène, nous définissons une configuration singulière nommée « nouvelles situations de travail » et proposons une méthode d’appréhension des incidences de ces transformations digitales pour les acteurs de terrain. Notre propos consiste à revenir sur une notion déjà travaillée en management – la situation – et à l’articuler finement avec le cadre épistémologique de la théorie de l’enquête afin d’adopter une grille de lecture intégrative. Nous argumentons en effet que la réactualisation de ces notions permettrait de rendre compte du travail de mise en ordre des éléments nouveaux induits par les transformations digitales que les acteurs concernés accomplissent dans leurs pratiques ordinaires.
La place des femmes dans l’e-sport : la lente inclusion
Authors: Guechtouli Manel , Scotto Marie-José , Fourrier Guillaume , Boyer André
Published: June 2022

Notre recherche s’intéresse à la place des femmes dans l’e-sport en France en essayant de comprendre pourquoi, malgré la croissance exponentielle de ce marché au niveau mondial, les femmes y sont si peu visibles. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons aux freins ayant conduit à cette situation. Nous mobilisons le cadre théorique du modèle de choc culturel. Nous proposons une approche exploratoire à travers une méthodologie mixte en deux phases : une phase quantitative préliminaire à destination du grand public qui nous permet de préciser nos thématiques d’investigation et une phase qualitative mobilisant des entretiens semi-directifs avec des joueurs et joueuses (amateur(e)s ou professionnel(le)s) pour apporter des éléments de réponse à notre questionnement de départ.
Proposition d’un modèle circomplexe associé à l’éthique des professionnels
Authors: Goujon Belghit Anne , Husser Jocelyn
Published: June 2022

Notre étude propose de comprendre les critères d’appréciation des professionnels placés en situation de dilemme éthique. En effet, sur un plan managérial, le comportement des collaborateurs constitue un élément stratégique pour les entreprises publiques et privées. Elles sont ainsi exposées à des risques financiers et réputationnels liés au non-respect de la loi Sapin 2. À partir de la littérature et de l’étude des scénarios de Fritzsche et Becker (1989), cet article analyse les éléments écrits de justification produits par les auteurs. Nous déterminons que l’éthique professionnelle se définit par la combinaison de l’intensité du risque perçu et du degré de maturité des professionnels. Nous proposons ainsi une modélisation graphique de cette définition de l’éthique professionnelle. Cette même modélisation débouche sur un modèle circomplexe, montrant 4 manières d’appréhender les situations dilemmes. Ce modèle définit un espace discrétionnaire dans lequel les individus se positionnent lorsqu’ils jugent des situations non éthiques. Nous montrons que le contexte ainsi que le degré d’intensité des scénarios sont des variables déterminantes. L’article apporte des pistes afin d’affiner les politiques de formations dispensées aux professionnels sur les problématiques éthiques.
À la découverte du foguain chawara dans les pratiques de gestion des connaissances dans une communauté agricole au Niger
Authors: Tahirou Younoussi Meda Adama , Baidari Boubacar , Zakari Yaou Kaka
Published: June 2022

Foguain chawara qu’on peut traduire par palabre locale en langue Haoussa est une vieille institution dont les traits caractéristiques renvoient à la concertation, à la vie communautaire et aux anciens. Expression de la culture locale, il permet d’examiner et de résoudre les problèmes socio-productifs et économiques de la collectivité. Cependant, il est méconnu de manière assez surprenante par les chercheurs comme vecteur de transmission et d’acquisition des connaissances. Son rôle dans la conservation, la protection et l’utilisation des connaissances traditionnelles est négligé ou ignoré. Ce travail vise à combler quelque peu cette carence à travers une démarche qualitative dans une communauté agricole. Les résultats montrent que les membres de la communauté ont tendance à privilégier grâce au foguain chawara les séances publiques de concertation, les terrains d’expérimentation, les champs d’école et les journées des bilans saisonniers comme des moyens de transmission, d’acquisition et de diffusion des connaissances. Les résultats indiquent que le « bouche-à-oreille » retenu comme le seul outil de communication au sein de la communauté est perçu par les membres comme le moyen le mieux adapté pour la protection et la conservation des connaissances traditionnelles locales par méfiance d’une exploitation extérieure. En termes de contribution, l’étude permet aux dirigeants d’entreprise qui s’installent en Afrique d’intégrer l’influence des dimensions culturelles dans leurs activités de gestion. Elle permet également de valoriser le « principe de séniorité » pouvant favoriser le transfert intergénérationnel des connaissances et des compétences dans les entreprises locales.
Projet de mise en place d’un réseau de femmes au sein d’un établissement bancaire : facteurs clés de succès et attentes des talents féminins
Authors: Naschberger Christine , Batonnet Elodie
Published: June 2022

Cet article vise à éclairer les enjeux d’une création d’un réseau féminin au sein d’un établissement du secteur bancaire. En effet, les objectifs de cette recherche consistent à identifier les Facteurs Clés de Succès (FCS) d’une mise en place d’un réseau féminin et à mieux cerner les atouts perçus par les talents féminins de ce futur réseau interne. Depuis quelques années, l’intérêt de la promotion des réseaux féminins en tant qu’outil de l’égalité professionnelle afin de favoriser l’avancement des talents féminins est davantage abordé dans la littérature en gestion. Cependant, peu d’études se sont penchées sur la question des attentes des talents féminins envers les réseaux internes. Pour ce faire, une démarche inductive de nature qualitative est mobilisée. La méthodologie pour identifier les FCS repose sur un benchmark avec d’autres établissements, une analyse du déroulement du projet et une étude qualitative composée d’entretiens semi-directifs. Au-delà du fait que le projet d’une mise en place d’un réseau féminin implique une approche contingente, il est constaté qu’une entreprise doit prendre en compte les attentes de ces futures adhérentes. Cependant, dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous avons pu constater une moindre considération des talents féminins envers un réseau au service de l’égalité professionnelle ainsi que certaines représentations liées aux mots réseaux et réseautage. Les résultats de notre étude permettent de contribuer tant dans la compréhension du déploiement d’un réseau que dans ses spécificités liées aux défis du genre en contexte professionnel.
Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Crimmins Easterlin Molly , Ramanathan Rangasamy , De Beritto Theodore
Published: June 2022

Opioid use, both prescribed and illicit, has grown exponentially in the United States since the late 1990s, and with it, opioid use during pregnancy and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) have also increased. NAS is a withdrawal syndrome occurring in newborns that results from maternal opioid use during pregnancy and has variable onset, severity, and duration. Given the increasing incidence of NAS, this article seeks to review its definition, presentation, evaluation, and management to ensure adequate care of these infants and families.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2022;51(6):e234–e242.]
On solutions of Vlasov-Poisson-Landau equations for slowly varying in space initial data
Authors: Bobylev Alexander , Potapenko Irina
Published: June 2022

The paper is devoted to analytical and numerical study of solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson-Landau kinetic equations (VPLE) for distribution functions with typical length \begin{document}$ L $\end{document} such that \begin{document}$ \varepsilon = r_D/L << 1 $\end{document}, where \begin{document}$ r_D $\end{document} stands for the Debye radius. It is also assumed that the Knudsen number \begin{document}$ \mathrm{K\!n} = l/L = O(1) $\end{document}, where \begin{document}$ l $\end{document} denotes the mean free pass of electrons. We use the standard model of plasma of electrons with a spatially homogeneous neutralizing background of infinitely heavy ions. The initial data is always assumed to be close to neutral. We study an asymptotic behavior of the system for small \begin{document}$ \varepsilon > 0 $\end{document}. It is known that the formal limit of VPLE at \begin{document}$ \varepsilon = 0 $\end{document} does not describe a rapidly oscillating part of the electrical field. Our aim is to fill this gap and to study the behavior of the "true" electrical field near this limit. We show that, in the problem with standard isotropic in velocities Maxwellian initial conditions, there is almost no damping of these oscillations in the collisionless case. An approximate formula for the electrical field is derived and then confirmed numerically by using a simplified BGK-type model of VPLE. Another class of initial conditions that leads to strong oscillations having the amplitude of order \begin{document}$ O(1/\varepsilon ) $\end{document} is considered. A formal asymptotic expansion of solution in powers of \begin{document}$ \varepsilon $\end{document} is constructed. Numerical solutions of that class are studied for different values of parameters \begin{document}$ \varepsilon $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \mathrm{K\!n} $\end{document}.
Soliton solutions of conformable time-fractional perturbed Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Lakshmanan equation
Authors: Huang Chun , Li Zhao
Published: June 2022

In this paper, our main purpose is to study the soliton solutions of conformable time-fractional perturbed Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Lakshmanan equation. New soliton solutions have been obtained by the extended $ (G'/G) $-expansion method, first integral method and complete discrimination system for the polynomial method, respectively. The solutions we obtained mainly include hyperbolic function solutions, solitary wave solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions and rational function solutions. Moreover, we draw its three-dimensional graph.
AssessLIFE Software for Automation of Asset Degradation to Estimate Asset Life and Degradation Drivers
Authors: Obi Emenike Raymond , Nwajana Augustine O.
Published: June 2022

The AssessLIFE software is a solution platform that analyzes and reveals if industrial physical assets made of metals, alloys, and welds can survive their exposure or ambient conditions. The software also reveals when time-dependent premature failure is likely to occur. The software can generate great financial and safety benefits for all stakeholders. Furthermore, the AssessLIFE software aims to provide asset information for better financial and technical decision-making by managers, engineers, legal teams, insurance teams, fabricators, and inspectors.
Opportunity and Challenges for VLSI in IoT Application
Authors: Kandpal Jyoti , Singh Abhay
Published: June 2022

Internet-of-things (IoT) systems combine sensing, computation, storage, and communication to sense physical systems and respond accordingly. However, larger size chips are not suitable for fog and edge devices. Therefore, a new mindset is required for VLSI design to implement the IoT application. This chapter describes the first conventional technology used in VLSI design. Afterward, the characteristics of IoT systems relevant to VLSI design identify essential factors and challenges at different levels. Finally, the fifth-generation network (5G) is also studied to expand IoT applications.
Antecedents and Outcomes of Occupational Stress
Authors: Singh Sneha , Chaturvedi Shakti , Pasipanodya Enias Thomas
Published: June 2022

This chapter purports to identify the various factors contributing to occupational stress in today's business scenario and analyses how occupational stress influences employees' job performance. The keywords were antecedents of anxiety, stress outcomes, factors leading to stress, stress management, and job satisfaction for the literature search. The study drew from a range of published sources, both quantitative and qualitative, for framing the conceptual review. The investigation indicates that job stress results from various adverse situations, such as role ambiguity, non-participative management, intrinsic impoverishment, poor working environment, and lack of opportunity for growth and advancement at the workplace. More precisely, this chapter explores occupational stress's dynamic conditions and understands various stressors leading to such stress. The study further attempts to map the outcomes or consequences on employee's overall performance through a theoretical model. The model, however, needs empirical investigation to substantiate the proposed relationships.
The Role of Social Support in Dealing With the Different Types of Stressors
Authors: Leow Kenneth , Leow Serena
Published: June 2022

Social support plays an integral role in every person's mental health and well-being. This is especially apparent in the work environment, where stress levels can range from moderate to severe depending on how each individual manages and cope with his or her own circumstances. The goal in this chapter is to outline current research on the role of social support in dealing with different types of stressors in the workplace. Further, this chapter will summarize key findings and concepts, particularly focusing on the following areas: 1) definition of social support, 2) social support theories, 3) social support on mental health and well-being, and 4) social support as a form of intervention in the workplace.
Professional Stress From the Implementation of Innovative Technologies
Authors: Guliyeva Aida , Rzayeva Ulviyya
Published: June 2022

This study provides answers to questions about the mechanisms of innovative stress as a reaction of the human brain to colossal nervous overloads, factors of information stress, and the modern vision of the theory of psychological stress caused by an abundance of information. A significant part of the study is devoted to the problems caused by the stress of the need to adopt innovations in countries with a low level of computer literacy, as exemplified by Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is being assessed as a country with an economy in transition. The workforce of the organizations is estimated as a key resource for the implementation of innovations and ensuring their viability. Significant difficulties in adapting specialists to the changing content of activities and new working conditions are considered the main reasons for the development and exacerbation of the professional stress of employees in a situation of organizational transformation.
Work-Family Conflict as Predictor of Job and Family Satisfaction Among Malaysia Private Sector Employees
Authors: Jamaludin Nurul Habibatunn , R. Ibrahim R Zirwatul Aida , Saputra Jumadil , Dagang Mazidah Mohd , Johar Siti Sarawati
Published: June 2022

The private sector is recognised as the main contributor to the nation's economy. However, the private sector's lack of facilities related to work-family balance has affected employees' job and family satisfaction. This study examines work-family well-being through work-family conflict (WFC) and work-family enrichment (WFE), which predicts family satisfaction. A total of 260 employees from private sectors in Terengganu were obtained randomly in this study. The instruments employed in this study consisted of the Work-Family Conflict Scale, Work-Family Enrichment Scale, and Family Satisfaction Scale. The findings reported that WFC and WFE have significant relationships with family satisfaction. Using regression analysis, family-work conflict (FWC) is the predictive factor of family satisfaction. The implications of this study indicate that the organisations need to emphasise the effective development and implementation strategies for work-family balance in improving family satisfaction among employees.
Examining the Occupational Stress Among Supervisors in the Hotel Industry
Authors: Daskalaki Eirini , Hyams-Ssekasi Denis
Published: June 2022

The hotel industry has always been seen as vibrant, glamorous, and profitable. However, the novelty of working in the hotel industry is wearing off due to the demands and expectations from both the management and customers. The pressure to deliver high quality services and the expense to maintain the status quo in a hotel have become problematic. Employees are experiencing a wide range of issues including work related stress. Occupational stress as commonly known is one of the contributory factors connected to poor health, psychological and mental well-being. Using a qualitative data approach from 3-4-5-star hotels in Cyprus and the United Kingdom, the supervisors' pleasant demeanour shadowed by social, physical, and psychological issues is unveiled. By also unraveling occupational stress through the lenses of supervisors in the hotel industry, this study will help the hotel management to take appropriate action to address the occupational stress amongst employees which is a huge issue in the sector.
Occupational Stress and Its Impact on Working Mothers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khan Samar
Published: June 2022

Through discourse analysis methodology of an online forum and a review of the existing literature, this chapter aims to examine the interceding role of work and the moderating role of resilience in the relationship between occupational stress and well-being of working mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. While work and family are pertinent in a woman's life, she is faced with a dilemma: to either be a full-time worker or a full-time mother; yet, she tries to balance the two, which in turn subjects her to stress, both at work and inside the domestic sphere. Not only do mothers have to manage the home, but they also have to manage/maintain their jobs. Yet, adhering to this hope of the work/life balance affects a working mother's ability to maintain paid employment or gain a promotion because she has to, at times, prioritize taking care of her children in the face of high work stress. At the same time, high work stress may be problematic, resulting in neglect. (Working mothers may be forced to dedicate time to work for fear of getting fired and ignore the needs of their children.)
New Entrepreneurs and the Dilemma of Opportunity Costs
Authors: Toor Arif , Sher Ali
Published: June 2022

Entrepreneurial activity and opportunity costs are adversely related. There is little empirical evidence that connects these two important factors. This chapter introduces the gap in literature and attempts to intersect role of opportunity costs and its impact on entrepreneurial activity in Canada. Using autobiographical research design, the chapter concludes that higher opportunity costs are a barrier to entrepreneurial activity and government's current support does not go far in addressing these challenges. The authors provide recommendations for the policymakers and new entrepreneurs.
Study of p-n Heterojunction Thin Films for Reducing Gas Sensing Application Fabricated by Thermal Evaporation Technique
Authors: Lad Upendra D. , Kokode Namdeo S. , Tupe Umesh J.
Published: June 2022

Gas sensors have been widely implemented to solve concerns of air pollution, monitor human health, and crop yields. Because of its high sensitivity, quick response time, and short recovery time, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors have become a significant topic of research in the field of gas sensing. In the recent decade, many researchers are work on the different types of pure and doped MOS for improve gas sensor response. The present research work deals with the fabrication of p-n heterojunction thin films on alumina substrate by using thermal evaporation technique for reducing gas sensing application. In the current research work, ZnO is used as a functional material and MgO as a dopant. The structural, electrical, and gas sensing properties of fabricated p-n (CuO-ZnO) heterojunction thin films were studied. The resistivity of p-n heterojunction thin films was found to be 23.461Ω/m. The found to be negative to p-n heterojunction thin films. The morphological, elemental and structural characterization of fabricated CuO-ZnO heterojunction thin films were analyzed by using , EDAX and XRD standard tools respectively. By using Scherer’s formula the crystallite size of CuO-ZnO heterojunction thin films was found as 36.83 nm. The fabricated CuO-ZnO heterojunction thin films were exposed to reducing gases such as Liquefied petroleum (LPG), Ammonia (NH3), Ethanol (C2H5OH), and Dichlorofluoromethane (R12) to determine gas response and selectivity. Fabricated CuO-ZnO heterojunction thin films shows maximum response to LPG gas as compare to other gases. The maximum sensitivity has to be found 89.23% to LPG gas of concentration 300 ppm. Fabricated MgO-ZnO thin films also show fast response and recovery time in seconds.
Review: Advantages of Repairing Machine Parts in Order to Restore their Functionality
Authors: Tanasković Drakče , Aranđelović Mihajlo , Đorđević Branislav , Sedmak Simon
Published: June 2022

This paper covers the literature review of the work by author, who have been involved in the subject of machine element repairing from the techno-economical point of view. Positive aspects of repairing, as opposed to purchasing new parts are shown and discussed. All of the examples given as part of the literature review are related to real, practical problems. It was concluded in all cases, that the repairing of damaged parts was the better option, since not only did it cost significantly less, it also noticeably decreased the equipment downtime, as there was no need to wait for the new part to be delivered.
Aspects Regarding Welding of DD13 Steel by Applying the FSW Process and some Processes Derived from it
Authors: Botila Lia-Nicoleta , Cojocaru Radu , Perianu Ion Aurel
Published: June 2022

Due to its characteristics, DD13 steel is recommended for various applications in the automotive field (including in the manufacture of components for car bodies). The paper presents solutions proposed by ISIM Timisoara for welding of DD13 steel, as alternative solutions to conventional welding processes. One solution that has proven to be viable for joining DD13 steel is the friction stir welding process (FSW). In terms of the quality of the welded joints obtained by applying the classic FSW welding process, these welds were excellent. In an attempt to obtain other benefits, mainly related to the efficiency of the welding process, ISIM Timisoara has developed research programs for the study and application of other methods based on the FSW process principle, namely: - hybrid friction stir welding ultrasonic assisted FSW-US; - friction stir welding in inert gas environment FSW – IG. The important effects due to the application of these methods are: improving (as appropriate) the degree of plasticization of the materials to be joined and increasing the degree of mixing of the materials as result of ultrasonic assistance of the FSW welding process; improvement of the welding process by reducing the pressing forces of the tool during welding, with an effect on increasing the service life of welding tool; respectively improving the aspect of the weld and some mechanical characteristics of the welded joints (at tensile tests, respectively static bending test). The obtained results showed that the two methods derived from the classical FSW welding process, can be used in industrial applications, with important benefits.
Risk Stratification in Noninvasive Respiratory Support Failure: A Narrative Review
Authors: Johnny Jace D.
Published: June 2022

Topic/Clinical Relevance

The use of noninvasive respiratory support, including noninvasive ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula therapy, has increased over the years. Failure of noninvasive respiratory support, defined as the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, increases the mortality rate.

Purpose

To familiarize critical care nurses with available risk stratification assessments and identify common concepts and limitations.

Content Covered

Few risk stratification assessments are available to identify patients at risk of failure of noninvasive respiratory support. Although many studies have analyzed risk, substantial variation in study design, definitions, terminology, and outcomes have led to a wide range of findings, making clinical application difficult. Further study is needed to broaden known assessments to general patient populations, determine diagnostic accuracy during critical periods, and analyze noninvasive ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula therapy. Risk stratification could allow for better implementation of preventive strategies and patient education.

Conclusion

Future research opportunities include improving study design for risk stratification and implementing preventive strategies for patients requiring noninvasive respiratory support. Clinically, risk stratification can provide an opportunity to share knowledge and facilitate conversations with patients and families.
Effect of Reuse of Insulin Needle on Glycaemic Control and Related Complications in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Kumar Rakesh , Rohilla Latika , Angrup Archana , Yadav Jaivinder , Dayal Devi
Published: June 2022

Background:

Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) take multiple subcutaneous injections of insulin daily to survive. It is controversial whether the insulin needles can be reused safely or not. This study assesses the effect of the reuse versus single-use of insulin needle on glycaemic control and injection-related complications.

Methods:

Nearly 121 children (<15 years) with T1D were prospectively observed for existing practice of needle reuse for first 3 months and then were asked to practice single-use for the next 3 months.

Results:

It was found that 78% participants were reusing needles more than three times. After 3 months of needle reuse, 91.3% patients had lipodystrophy. Frequency of reuse positively correlated with local redness, bleeding and leakage of insulin. The patients achieving HbA1c ≤7.5% was significantly low among those reusing needles more than four times. After 3 months of single-use, no significant difference was found in mean HbA1c. However, hyperglycaemic episodes, lipodystrophy and local complications reduced significantly. There was a significant reduction in mean HbA1c among those using needles more than six times earlier.

Conclusion:

Reuse of insulin needles up to six times does not affect the glycaemic control significantly. To achieve target HbA1c (<7.5%) the needle reuse should be restricted to three times only, which can also reduce injection-related local complications.
Endocrine research in Bangladesh
Authors: Kamrul-Hasan A. B. M. , Selim Shahjada
Published: June 2022

Background:

The contribution of Bangladesh to global endocrine research is not quantified. We intend to summarize the progress Bangladesh has made in endocrine research.

Methods:

Global and country-specific data up to December 2021 from the PubMed database were retrieved using the keywords ‘diabetes mellitus’, ‘obesity’, ‘thyroid’, ‘adrenal’ and ‘pituitary’; the keywords ‘gonad’ OR ‘hypogonadism’ OR ‘PCOS’ OR ‘sexual dysfunction’ were used for retrieving data of reproductive endocrinology research; and ‘bone metabolism’ OR ‘osteoporosis’ OR ‘vitamin D’ were used for bone metabolism research. Bangladeshi contributions to endocrine research were compared to global and country-specific data during the periods ‘1972–2021’ and ‘2012–2021’.

Results:

Bangladesh has 2,467 articles in the PubMed database in different fields of endocrinology during the period 1972–2021, which is 0.132% of the total global endocrine publications published in this timeframe. We observed a gradual increment in the number of Bangladeshi publications over the last five decades in all fields of endocrinology. Over the last 10 years, the contribution has risen to 0.226% with 2003 publications.

Conclusions:

Currently, Bangladesh contributes very little to global endocrine research. An urgent call to amplify research works by Bangladeshi endocrinologists is of utmost importance to catch up with the global publications in endocrinology.