bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-disclosure in social media and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chu Tsz Hang , Sun Mengru , Crystal Jiang Li
Published: August 2022

Self-disclosure in social media and psychological well-being have been theorized to mutually influence each other. The vibrant research on this issue, however, presents mixed results, calling for a synthesis of the empirical evidence. To this end, we conducted a meta-analysis with 38 empirical studies to systematically examine the nature of the relationship between social media self-disclosure and psychological well-being. We adopted a multidimensional perspective of self-disclosure to scrutinize how the quantity (amount and depth) and quality (intent, valence, and honesty) dimensions of self-disclosure were associated with psychological well-being. The results indicated that valence and honesty of self-disclosure were moderately and positively associated with psychological well-being, but the quantity of self-disclosure was not significantly associated with psychological well-being. Participants’ gender, age, and cultural context of the studies significantly moderated the associations between some dimensions of self-disclosure and psychological well-being. Based on the meta-analysis results, we reassessed theoretical claims on self-disclosure in social media and suggested directions for future research.
Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Violence Against Children in Australian Community Sport: Frequency, Perpetrator, and Victim Characteristics
Authors: Pankowiak Aurélie , Woessner Mary N. , Parent Sylvie , Vertommen Tine , Eime Rochelle , Spaaij Ramon , Harvey Jack , Parker Alexandra G.
Published: August 2022

Childhood sport participation is associated with physical, social, and mental health benefits, which are more likely to be realized if the sport environment is safe. However, our understanding of children’s experience of psychological, physical, and sexual violence in community sport in Australia is limited. The aims of this study were to provide preliminary evidence on the extent of experiences of violence during childhood participation in Australian community sport and to identify common perpetrators of and risk factors for violence. The Violence Towards Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ) was administered online to a convenience sample of Australian adults (>18 years), retrospectively reporting experiences of violence during childhood community sport. Frequencies of experience of violence were calculated and Chi-square tests were conducted to determine differences between genders. In total, there were 886 respondents included in the analysis. Most survey respondents were women (63%) and about a third were men (35%). About 82% of respondents experienced violence in sport as a child. Psychological violence was most prevalent (76%), followed by physical (66%) and sexual (38%) violence. Peers perpetrated the highest rates of psychological violence (69%), and the rates of physical and psychological violence by coaches (both >50%) were also high. Age, sexual orientation, disability, and hours of weekly sport participation as a child were all associated with childhood experience of violence in sport. The rates of interpersonal violence against children in sport were high. This novel data on perpetrators of the violence and the risk factors for experiencing violence provides further context to inform safeguarding strategies in sport. A national prevalence study is recommended to advance our understanding of the childhood experiences of violence in Australian sport.
Public trust and mistrust of climate science: A meta-narrative review
Authors: Fage-Butler Antoinette , Ledderer Loni , Nielsen Kristian Hvidtfelt
Published: August 2022

This systematic meta-narrative literature review aims to explore the narratives of trust evident in literature on public (mis)trust relating to climate science published up until May 2021, and to present the main findings from these papers. We identified six narratives of trust: attitudinal trust, cognitive trust, affective trust, contingencies of trust, contextual trust and communicated trust. The papers’ main findings spanned theoretical conclusions on the importance of positionality to trust and morality to trustworthiness, to qualitative findings that the scientific community was mainly trusted, to quantitative findings that explored how trust functioned as an independent, dependent or mediating variable. This literature review sheds important light on the interrelationship between climate science and publics, highlights areas for further research, and in its characterisation of trust narratives provides a language for conceptualising trust that can further interdisciplinary engagement.
Measuring the Intention in Favour and Against Getting Vaccinated from COVID-19 Using the Health Belief Model: Cross-Sectional Study of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Bakhtawar , Khan Arshiya , Khan Ruqia
Published: August 2022

Vaccination is without a doubt one of the most efficient ways to stop the COVID-19 pandemic from spreading. The goal of this study was to look into the acceptance and resistance to COVID-19 vaccination and its associated components using the Health Belief Model, which is a framework for changing health behaviours (HBM). The current study is quantitative; hence data was collected from attendants of patients admitted to hospitals in Pakistan's top-tier cities using a survey-based self-administered questionnaire. Nonprobability convenient sampling was utilised to approach the respondents. The model was tested in two stages using partial least squares (variance-based structural equation modelling). The measurement model's reliability and validity imply that the data is reliable and valid. Except for the impact of benefits on accepting behaviour, all of the study postulated relationships are supported by the results. The study agenda adds to our understanding of health care, immunisation, consumer behaviour, and behavioural research. It adds to the body of knowledge in the fields of immunisation and behavioural research by examining people's behaviours and changes during the worldwide mass vaccination period.
Septal Lipoma and Cleft Palate: Particular Association, Particular Treatment?
Authors: Ghita Belmaati Cherkaoui , Ayyoub Souarji , Mariam Tajir , Allah Oufkir Ayat
Published: August 2022

Congenital tumors of the oral cavity are infrequent and is dominated by teratogenic tumors. They are rarely associated with cleft palate. Congenital lipoma of the palate in patients with cleft palate remains exceptional. We report a case of congenital septal lipoma with cleft palate (the third case of such association is reported in the literature) and discuss the surgical treatment in light of the evolution of the patient.
Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor Presenting as an Adnexal Mass: Report of a Diagnostically Challenging Case
Authors: Gallardo Julia , Hummel Kelsey , Siatecka Hanna , McCluskey Kristine , Sunde Jan S. , Elshaikh Abubaker , Masand Ramya P.
Published: August 2022

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a rare neoplasm derived from chorionic intermediate trophoblast cells, representing less than 2% of all gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. Classically, ETT presents as a uterine mass in women of reproductive age following a term pregnancy. The time from pregnancy to tumor development varies from months to several years. ETT most often arises in the endometrium, followed by the cervix. Extrauterine ETT are extremely infrequent, with few cases reported in the literature. We report a case of a 41-year-old woman, with history of three term pregnancies who presented with abdominal pain and elevated beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) level, ten years after her last pregnancy. Imaging reported a 3.5 cm adnexal mass, suspicious for ectopic pregnancy. Hysterectomy and mass resection revealed a 4.7 cm, tan-yellow, necrotic mass adjacent to the broad ligament. Histologic evaluation in conjunction with immunohistochemical stains revealed a tumor consistent with ETT. No connection to the endometrium was found grossly or microscopically. DNA fingerprinting analysis revealed the tumor to have two copies of paternal alleles, as seen in molar gestations. One of the primary differential diagnoses for ETT is squamous cell carcinoma due to similar morphologic features. In challenging cases, genetic analysis demonstrating paternally derived genes can establish the diagnosis. In this report, we discuss the challenges in the diagnosis of extrauterine ETT, due to its rarity and highly variable presentation, given that appropriate diagnosis is critical for correct patient management.
Solitary Ground-Glass Nodule Mimicking Lung Cancer due to Focal Progression of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
Authors: Hino Hiroyuki , Shinohara Shizuka , Okano Yoshio , Naruse Keishi , Takeuchi Eiji , Sakiyama Shoji , Shinohara Tsutomu
Published: August 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is often associated with lung cancer, but early malignant lesions mixed with fibrous lesions are not always easy to diagnose. A 78-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to a ground-glass nodule in the left upper lobe detected on chest high resolution computed tomography during follow-up of chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed that the ground-glass nodule was locally progressed usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). It should be noted that focal progression of UIP may occur and present with ground-glass nodule mimicking lung cancer, even if lesions in other areas remain unchanged. Moreover, in such cases, recognition of nodular lesions by the gross findings on the pleural surface and palpation during surgical resection are difficult and require precise marking.
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm Arising from Heterotopic Pancreas in Stomach: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Pang Yu , Liu Yuyu , Liu Qinqin , Hou Gang
Published: August 2022

Heterotopic pancreas is generally an asymptomatic condition which is found incidentally at surgery, endoscopy, or autopsy. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) arising from heterotopic pancreas is extremely rare. In this study, we report a patient with IPMN arising from heterotopic pancreas. A 28-year-old man presented to our department with epigastric pain for 20 days. Physical examination revealed no abnormal findings. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an intramural cystic-solid mass on the gastric wall. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed a hypoechoic, heterogeneous, and multilobulated lesion with septa. Cyst fluid analysis based on EUS guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) indicated that the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was 492 ng/ml. The patient received Billroth I subtotal gastrectomy, and then a 4.6 cm mass from the lesser curvature of the stomach was removed. Finally, the patient was diagnosed as IPMN with low grade dysplasia in an ectopic pancreas based on histopathological analysis. This report described the clinical, radiologic, endoscopic and histologic features of IPMN arising from heterotopic pancreas in a 28-year-old man involving the stomach. All pathologists involved in the diagnosis and clinicians involved in the treatment should be aware of this kind of tumor pattern to improve the correct identification, diagnosis and management of patients.
A Trisonance: Identities of Women Whose Mothers Were Murdered by Their Fathers
Authors: Pitcho-Prelorentzos Shani , Leshem, Elazar , Mahat-Shamir Michal
Published: August 2022

The current qualitative study aimed to examine the narrative identities of women bereaved to intimate partner femicide. Eleven adult Israeli female offspring whose biological mothers were murdered by their biological fathers were interviewed for the purpose of this study. Due to the uniqueness of their loss experience and circumstances, participants’ identity is narrated as a “trisonance”: They are not like their fathers, their mothers, nor as society perceives them. This very particular route for identity reconstruction as a means of psychological survival is discussed in light of the literature on identity construction and bereavement and derives recommendations for practice.
Integrating Maternal Depression Screening Into an Early Intervention Program: An Implementation Evaluation
Authors: Salomon Rebecca E. , Waldrop Julee B. , Baker Maureen , Mandel Marcia A. , LaForett Doré R. , Beeber Linda S.
Published: August 2022

Background:

In all 50 states, early intervention (EI) services to improve long-term child cognitive and academic outcomes are provided to infants and toddlers with suspected or diagnosed developmental delays. When mothers of EI-enrolled children experience depressive symptoms, uptake of EI services can be compromised.

Aims:

The purpose of the article is to present a depressive symptom screening intervention for mothers consisting of toolkit development for EI staff and families, symptom screening for mothers and follow-up protocol. To formally evaluate the implementation of the intervention, our research team followed the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR).

Methods:

Participants were 12 EI service coordinators across two offices. Focus groups and individual interviews were used to develop the toolkit and education module. Through the five CFIR domains, we evaluated the implemented intervention in order to allow other teams to learn from our experiences.

Results:

Our team successfully partnered with SCs to develop the intended deliverables. Still, the SCs found it challenging to conduct the screenings and reported mixed success.

Conclusions:

Preparation of EI SCs to integrate mental health screenings into their existing skillsets requires a high level of support from the research team, resulting in a rich understanding of the barriers—and potential rewards—for staff and families.
An exact consistent tangent stiffness matrix for a second-gradient model for porous plastic solids: Derivation and assessment
Authors: Enakoutsa Koffi
Published: August 2022

It is well known that the use of a consistent tangent stiffness matrix is critical to obtain quadratic convergence of the global Newton iterations in the finite-element simulations of problems involving elasto-plastic deformation of metals, especially for large-scale metallic structure problems. In this article, we derive an exact consistent stiffness matrix for a porous material model, the GLPD model developed by Gologanu, Leblond, Perrin, and Devaux for ductile fracture of porous solids based on generalized continuum mechanics assumptions. Full expressions for the derivatives of the Cauchy stress tensor and the generalized moments stress tensor the model involved are provided and implemented into a finite-element code. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed tangent stiffness moduli are assessed by applying the formulation in the finite-element simulations of typical ductile fracture problems. Comparisons between the performance of our stiffness matrix and the standard ones are also provided.
Conspiracy theories in digital environments: Moving the research field forward
Authors: Zeng Jing , Schäfer Mike S , Oliveira Thaiane M
Published: August 2022

In the past few years, the discussion of conspiracy theories has embroiled researchers, politicians and the public alike. During the COVID-19 pandemic in particular, the term ‘conspiracy theory’ became a buzzword in the news media, public communication and everyday discussions. The pandemic also demonstrated that conspiratorial narratives disseminated online are not benign, obscure and eventually harmless ideas, but can mislead policy making, hinder crisis relief and public health efforts, or undermine trust in institutions and science. Factors contributing to the prevalence of conspiracy theories are complex and include psychological as well as socio-political factors. This special issue focuses specifically on the role of digital media and how they shape the dissemination and mitigation of, as well as research on, conspiracy theories. The special issue includes 13 research articles by authors from 11 countries and regions, which provide timely insights into the phenomenon of conspiracy theories with cross-cultural and cross-platform advances.
A new tourism paradigm in the marketplace: Armchair travel and destination experiences
Authors: Yu Jongsik , Moon Hyoungeun , Chua Bee-Lia , Han Heesup
Published: August 2022

This study develops a robust theoretical framework in order to explain the effect of destination brand experiences in armchair tourism on the brands’ authenticity and the consumers’ loyalty. The study proposes sensory, behavioral, intellectual, and affective subfactors as the four subfactors of the destination brand experience in armchair tourism. The analytical outcome confirmed that the study’s eight hypotheses were supported. Specifically, destination brand experiences in armchair tourism have a meaningful effect on a brand’s authenticity, which in turn has a significant effect on the tourists’ loyalty. The study’s results successfully demonstrated the importance of the destination brand experience in armchair tourism, and it provides meaningful insights into its positive effect on tourists.
Effect of fillets on a blade/vane of wave energy harvesting impulse turbine
Authors: Maurya Gautam , Thandayutham Karthikeyan , Samad Abdus
Published: August 2022

Fillets on leading edges (LE) of turbine blades alter flow patterns and change the loss profile. A bidirectional flow impulse turbine utilized for harnessing wave energy is introduced and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to perform various analysis. In the present work, fillets of different radii on the leading and trailing edges of both the rotor blade (RB) and guide vane (GV) are modified to study the change in overall performance. After an appropriate gird convergence study, ANSYS-CFX 16.0 solver is used for solving the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations incorporating the k-ω-SST turbulence closure model. The numerical investigations were performed using the high-resolution scheme with the convergence criteria of 10−6 to produce unwavering results. The results show that the boundary layer near the endwall creates flow blockage and losses. Also, the increase in pressure drop due to the thickening of the boundary layers (BLs) across the blade/vane leads to a depletion in the overall performance of the turbine. The rotor and guide vane filleted turbine experience higher losses than the base model due to the radial pressure gradient that is explained with post-processed figures. The concept of fillet shapes has been applied to gas turbines and which improves the performance of the turbine due to a reduction in the secondary flow losses occurring inside the turbine and the same concept has been applied to wave energy air turbine to check its performance based on the losses present across the turbine passage.
Role of Long Noncoding RNA Regulator of Reprogramming in Colon Cancer Progression via Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling
Authors: Chen Ying , Yang Li , Yin Dian , Feng Xiu , Jie Jing , Yao DengFu , Chen JianRong
Published: August 2022

Background: Long intergenic noncoding RNA regulator of reprogramming (linc-ROR) is a novel long noncoding RNA that exhibits significant effects on cancer progression. This research presented that linc-ROR had a crucial part in promoting biological characteristics associated with worse prognosis in colon cancer. Method: Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict signaling pathways related to linc-ROR. In addition, western blot, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, RNA-pulldown, cell proliferation assays, colony formation assays, wound healing assays, and transwell assays were applied to detect the role and regulation of particular molecules. Results: Our results showed that the knockdown of linc-ROR reduced cell invasion, proliferative ability, and migration in colon cancer. Further evaluation verified that downregulating linc-ROR inhibited the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. In addition, cbl-b, a kind of E3 ubiquitin ligase that increases the degradation of EGFR, was found to be a potential linc-ROR target. Conclusions: Based on our findings, it was presented that linc-ROR served a role as a tumor-promoting factor via repressing the ubiquitination and degradation of EGFR signaling, which indicated that it could be a possible prognostic marker and therapeutic target for colon cancer.
External Carotid Artery-Jugular Vein Fistula Caused by Blunt Trauma: A Case Report & Literature Review
Authors: AlAttab Nashwan , Alshehri Khaled Mohammed , Alturki Abdulrahman Y , Wani Tariq , Alwan Abdulwali , Alomar Khalid , AlGhofili Hesham
Published: August 2022

Acquired carotid-jugular fistula usually occurs due to neck stab wounds, gunshots, or central vein catheterization. Blunt trauma is a rare cause. These cases usually present with pulsatile swelling, tinnitus, and continued thrills in the neck. Both surgical and endovascular options have been used to manage these fistulas. Coil embolization is also applied in high-flow fistulas. We present a case of a 38-year-old woman free of any pre-existing medical conditions, presenting with a fistula between the external carotid artery and external jugular vein distally and with a high flow. She was treated with fistula embolization using coils while limiting the high flow via a balloon in the jugular vein. Our case highlights the possibility of using coils in high-flow fistulas in anatomically challenging fistulas. Furthermore, relevant literature review is presented to recapitulate unique features and effective management of carotid-jugular fistulas.
An Interesting Case of a Patient With Disabling Bilateral Lower Extremity Claudication and a Persistent Sciatic Artery
Authors: Gutwein Ashley R , Sawchuk Alan P
Published: August 2022

A persistent sciatic artery is a rare congenital anomaly. This case report highlights the treatment for a patient with a persistent sciatic artery no longer in continuity with the internal iliac artery and atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease resulting in disabling bilateral lower extremity claudication. It highlights the types and anatomic locations of the sciatic artery and discusses an effective way to treat a patient with arterial insufficiency and this variant anatomy as well as other treatment options.
Race craft: A qualitative exploration of the development, implementation and reflection of tactical decision making in road cycling
Authors: O’Grady Mathew W , Worn Ryan , Owens Julian O , O’Brien Brendan J , Talpey Scott W
Published: August 2022

Historically, research that has aimed to understand the determinants of road cycling performance has focused primarily on the physiological characteristics of successful performers. To date, little research has been conducted on the tactical strategies that underpin successful road cycling, especially from a qualitative perspective. This study reports the practices of seven high-performing Australian cyclists and coaches to inform how they prepare for competition, the tactical decisions they make during and reflective practices they use following a road cycling competition. Inductive qualitative one-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted using open-ended questions via an online meeting platform. A robust thematic analysis of the interviews was undertaken resulting in the establishment of themes aligned with pre-race, in-race and reflection upon tactical decision making. Prior to the race, themes related to the specificity of training, planning of a race strategy and use of training data emerged from the interviews. During the race, themes of the cyclist’s role within a team, in-race communication and race craft were established. Post-race, a theme related to the reflective practice implemented by each participant was evident. These results and discussion provide novel insights into the process of developing, implementing and reflecting upon tactical decision making used in high-level road cycling. This information is valuable for teams and governing bodies to inform and enhance coaching development and practice within the sport of road cycling.
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in a cat on long-term ciclosporin therapy and potential latent infection of an in-contact cat
Authors: Webster Jade , Marchesi Francesco , Gunn-Moore Danièlle , Haining Hayley , Ridyard Alison E
Published: August 2022

Case summary

An 8-year-old domestic shorthair cat receiving long-term ciclosporin treatment was evaluated for a history of weight loss and hyporexia. The main clinical finding was a cluster of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates showed granulomatous inflammation with abundant acid-fast bacilli. A diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection was confirmed by PCR. The cat’s clinical condition deteriorated rapidly despite appropriate antibiotic treatment and it was euthanased 2 weeks after initial presentation due to development of severe paraparesis and ataxia. Post-mortem examination revealed granulomatous inflammation affecting multiple lymph nodes and other organs with intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacilli consistent with mycobacteria when stained using Ziehl–Neelsen stain. Another cat in the same household was screened for infection using the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), with the result being consistent with infection by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which includes MAC; however, it had no grossly detectable disease.

Relevance and novel information

This case report is an unusual presentation of disseminated MAC infection in a cat, which remains a rare diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of unusual and rare presentations of this infection. The clinical findings, progression of disease and histopathology results add to the current clinical database for feline disseminated MAC infections. Another cat in the same household tested positive for NTM by IGRA without any gross disease. This was suggestive of latent MAC infection which, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported in an in-contact cat.
How #TaiwanCanHelp Reverberates: An Exploratory Analysis of Advocacy Hashtag on Twitter
Authors: Choo Sim-Mei , Lim Estella Chee Li , Chang Chu-Ting , Li Yin-Chi , Chang Yung-Chun , Syed-Abdul Shabbir
Published: August 2022

Taiwan’s unique circumstance as a contested state makes it imperative for the country to increase international support for and awareness of its embattled democracy at the hands of the authoritarian government in Beijing through positive public visibility. #TaiwanCanHelp, while perhaps similar to other forms of hashtag activism, is also very different because it also encompasses digitalization of diplomacy, in which the Taiwanese government seeks to raise international awareness of its struggle and gain goodwill through its medical equipment donations. The social influence of #TaiwanCanHelp has not been measured and examined extensively. Evaluation of hashtag use at a holistic level is imperative to the understanding of the extent of resonance across social media. This study explores the dynamics of the #TaiwanCanHelp hashtag on Twitter by quantifying the public response and uncovering the public opinions around #TaiwanCanHelp. A mixed-methods methodology incorporating time-series analysis, sentiment analysis, spatial analysis, and word clouds has been adopted. Our results reveal that #TaiwanCanHelp has resonated beyond Taiwan and received positive responses from diverse users across the globe. Our findings also suggest that the prominence of #TaiwanCanHelp rides on real-life events and is a successful attempt by the Taiwan government in generating international interest through digitalization of diplomacy to advance Taiwan’s interests.
Can Japanese Candlestick Patterns be Profitable on the Component Stocks of the SSE50 Index?
Authors: Deng Shangkun , Su Zhihao , Ren Yanmei , Yu Haoran , Zhu Yingke , Wei Chenyang
Published: August 2022

In this study, we investigate the profitability of 10 well-known Japanese candlestick charting patterns using daily-based data on the component stocks of the Chinese SSE50 index, which involves a lengthy sample period from January 2000 to December 2018. The main contribution of this paper is that we conduct the first predictive power examination of Japanese candlestick patterns on the Chinese SSE50 stocks while taking into account trend and overbought/oversold conditions, and their profitability over different holding periods. Experimental results indicate that several bullish candlestick patterns such as Long White and Bullish Gap can produce a significant positive average return over certain holding periods. In addition, empirical results show that none of the bearish candlestick patterns we examined offers predictive power. However, without considering trend and overbought/oversold conditions, we find that the bearish pattern Gravestone Doji over a 10-day holding period has superior profitability if it is applied as a contrary trading signal. The robustness of our results is confirmed based upon a bootstrap analysis and an out-of-sample test. The findings of this study are beneficial for the market traders engaged in transaction of the SSE50 component stocks.
Electroplating of HAp-brushite coating on metallic bioimplants with advanced hemocompatibility and osteocompatibility properties
Authors: Wang Yanhong , Wu Bing , Ai Songtao , Wan Daqian
Published: August 2022

In cases of severe bone tissue injuries, the use of metallic bioimplants is quite widespread due to their high strength, high fracture toughness, hardness, and corrosion resistance. However, they lack adequate biocompatibility and show poor metal-tissue integration during the post-operative phase. To mitigate this drawback, it is beneficial to add a biocompatible polymer layer to ensure a quick growth of cell or tissue over the surface of metallic bioimplant material. Furthermore, this additional layer should possess good adherence with the underlying material and also accompany a rapid bonding between the tissue and the implant material, in order to reduce the recovery time for the patient. Therefore, in this work, we report a novel green electroplating route for growing porous hydroxyapatite-brushite coatings on a stainless steel surface. The malic acid used for the production of hydroxyapatite-brushite coatings has been obtained from an extract of locally available apple fruit ( Malus domestica). We demonstrate the effect of electroplating parameters on the structural morphology of the electroplated composite layer via XRD, SEM with EDS, and FTIR characterization techniques and report an optimized set of electroplating parameters that will yield the best composite coating in terms of thickness, adherence to substrate and speed. The hemocompatibility and osteocompatibility studies on the electroplated composites coating show this technology’s effectiveness and potential applicability in biomedical applications. Compared to other routes reported in the literature, this electroplating route is quicker and yields better composite coatings with faster bone tissue growth potential.
Micropolar nanofluid overlying a porous layer: Thermosolutal convection
Authors: Umavathi Jawali Channabasappa
Published: August 2022

An investigation of the stability of an micropolar nanofluid overlying a sparsely packed porous medium and implanted in a parallel conduit is reviewed. Linear and also nonlinear terms are incorporated for the study. A Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer drag force model is deployed. To evaluate nanoscale effects the Buongiorno model is employed. The equations for mass, momentum, angular momentum, energy and nanoparticle species conservation with correlated wall conditions are non-dimensionalized. Modified diffusivity ratio and Lewis number stable the system, the micropolar parameters concentration Rayleigh number destable system for stationary convection. Concentration Rayleigh number, micropolar parameters stabilize and Lewis number destabilizes the system for oscillatory convection. Applications of the study include micro/nano-fluidic devices, nano-doped energy systems and packed beds in chemical engineering.
Activism and non-activism: The politics of claiming environmental justice in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen-Van-Quoc Thai , Turhan Ethemcan , Holzhacker Ronald
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to explore how under authoritarian regimes, undergoing reform processes, divergent forms of environmental activism may emerge. Two severe cases of environmental degradation serve as our starting points: the marine disaster in the central coast of Vietnam in 2016 and the Mekong Delta's ongoing environmental degradation. While the former offers a case of rural grievances over mass fish death in Central Vietnam triggering protests on a national scale, the latter presents a continuum of environmental changes leading to serious impacts on deltaic livelihoods, albeit with no observable efforts of activism compared to the situation in other countries along the Mekong Delta. Drawing from in-depth interviews and participant observation with NGO workers in Vietnam who focus on environment and community development, we unravel the conditions, methods and rationalities behind their engagement (or lack thereof) with environmental activism in each case. We argue that the difference between the cases can be explained by tracing the process of politicising environmental grievances, taking into consideration culinary nationalism, anti-China nationalism and political opportunities under authoritarianism. Moving beyond current literature on activism under authoritarian regimes which relies mainly on institutional and/or social network approaches, our analysis helps further shed light on how contemporary environmental activism is mobilised in Vietnam from a geographically and politically grounded as well as culturally embedded position.
A provocative call to engage with social and sensory aspects of touch
Authors: Jewitt Carey , Price Sara , Steimle Jürgen , Huisman Gijs , Golmohammadi Lili , Pourjafarian Narges , Frier William , Howard Thomas , Ipakchian Askari Sima , Ornati Michela , Paneels Sabrina , Weda Judith
Published: August 2022

The social and sensory aspects of touch are critical for human communication, yet the challenges of haptic technology development and a focus on the technological means that digital touch communication often fails to realise the potential and promise of touch. The Manifesto for Digital Social Touch in Crisis responds to this through a call to action to rethink and reimagine digital touch. It offers 10 provocative statements as a resource for how haptic designers, developers and researchers might rethink and reimagine the social and sensory aspects of touch, and foreground these more in design.
Targets of autoantibodies in acquired hemophilia A are not restricted to factor VIII: data from the GTH-AH 01/2010 study
Authors: Oleshko Olga , Werwitzke Sonja , Klingberg Annika , Witte Torsten , Eichler Hermann , Klamroth Robert , Holstein Katharina , Hart Christina , Pfrepper Christian , Knöbl Paul , Greil Richard , Neumeister Peter , Reipert Birgit M. , Tiede Andreas
Published: August 2022

The root cause of autoantibody formation against factor VIII (FVIII) in acquired hemophilia A (AHA) remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether AHA is exclusively associated with autoantibodies toward FVIII or whether patients also produce increased levels of autoantibodies against other targets. A case-control study was performed enrolling patients with AHA and age-matched controls. Human epithelial cell (HEp-2) immunofluorescence was applied to screen for antinuclear (ANA) and anticytoplasmic autoantibodies. Screening for autoantibodies against extractable nuclear antigens was performed by enzyme immunoassay detecting SS-A/Ro, SS-B/La, U1RNP, Scl-70, Jo-1, centromere B, Sm, double-stranded DNA, and α-fodrin (AF). Patients with AHA were more often positive for ANA than control patients (64% vs 30%; odds ratio [OR] 4.02, 1.98-8.18) and had higher ANA titers detected than controls. Cytoplasmic autoantibodies and anti-AF immunoglobulin A autoantibodies were also more frequent in patients with AHA compared with controls. Autoantibodies against any target other than FVIII were found in 78% of patients with AHA compared with 46% of controls (OR 4.16, 1.98-8.39). Results were similar preforming sensitivity analyses (excluding either subjects with autoimmune disorders, cancer, pregnancy, or immunosuppressive medication at baseline) and in multivariable binary logistic regression. To exclude that autoantibody staining was merely a result of cross-reactivity of anti-FVIII autoantibodies, we tested a mix of 7 well-characterized monoclonal anti-FVIII antibodies. These antibodies did not stain HEp-2 cells used for ANA detection. In conclusion, a diverse pattern of autoantibodies is associated with AHA, suggesting that a more general breakdown of immune tolerance might be involved in its pathology.
Integrated transcriptome and trajectory analysis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma identifies putative precancer populations
Authors: Ren Jingjing , Qu Rihao , Rahman Nur-Taz , Lewis Julia M. , King Amber Loren Ong , Liao Xiaofeng , Mirza Fatima N. , Carlson Kacie R. , Huang Yaqing , Gigante Scott , Evans Benjamin , Rajendran Barani Kumar , Xu Suzanne , Wang Guilin , Foss Francine M. , Damsky William , Kluger Yuval , Krishnaswamy Smita , Girardi Michael
Published: August 2022

The incidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) increases with age, and blood involvement portends a worse prognosis. To advance our understanding of the development of CTCL and identify potential therapeutic targets, we performed integrative analyses of paired single-cell RNA and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from patients with CTCL to reveal disease-unifying features. The malignant CD4+ T cells of CTCL showed highly diverse transcriptomic profiles across patients, with most displaying a mature Th2 differentiation and T-cell exhaustion phenotype. TCR-CDR3 peptide prediction analysis suggested limited diversity between CTCL samples, consistent with a role for a common antigenic stimulus. Potential of heat diffusion for affinity-based trajectory embedding transition analysis identified putative precancerous circulating populations characterized by an intermediate stage of gene expression and mutation level between the normal CD4+ T cells and malignant CTCL cells. We further revealed the therapeutic potential of targeting CD82 and JAK that endow the malignant CTCL cells with survival and proliferation advantages.
Germany and the United States in coronavirus distress: internal versus external labour market flexibility
Authors: Herzog-Stein Alexander , Nüß Patrick , Peede Lennert , Stein Ulrike
Published: August 2022

Germany and the United States pursued different economic strategies to minimise the impact of the Coronavirus Crisis on the labour market. Germany focused on safeguarding existing jobs through the use of internal flexibility measures, especially short-time work (STW). The United States relied on a mix of external flexibility and income protection. On this basis, we use macroeconomic time series to examine the German strategy of securing employment through internal flexibility by contrasting it with the chosen strategy in the United States. In Germany, temporary cyclical reductions in working hours are mainly driven via STW. US unemployment rose at an unprecedented rate, but unlike in previous recessions, it was mostly driven by temporary layoffs. However, a closer look at the blind spots of the chosen strategies in both countries showed that despite the different approaches, people in weaker labour market positions were less well protected by the chosen strategies.
Expression of unfolded protein response genes in post-transplantation liver biopsies
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Taylor Sarah A. , Celaj Stela , Levitsky Josh , Green Richard M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Cholestatic liver diseases are a major source of morbidity and mortality that can progress to end-stage liver disease and hyperbilirubinemia is a hallmark of cholestasis. There are few effective medical therapies for primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and other cholestatic liver diseases, in part, due to our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury. The hepatic unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress that is important in the pathogenesis of many liver diseases and recent animal studies have demonstrated the importance of the UPR in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury. However, the role of the UPR in human cholestatic liver diseases is largely unknown.

Methods

RNA was extracted from liver biopsies from patients after liver transplantation. RNA-seq was performed to determine the transcriptional profile and hepatic UPR gene expression that is associated with liver injury and cholestasis.

Results

Transcriptome analysis revealed that patients with hyperbilirubinemia had enhanced expression of hepatic UPR pathways. Alternatively, liver biopsy samples from patients with acute rejection had enhanced gene expression of LAG3 and CDK1. Pearson correlation analysis of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels demonstrated significant correlations with the hepatic expression of several UPR genes, as well as genes involved in hepatic bile acid metabolism and inflammation. In contrast, serum alkaline phosphatase levels were correlated with the level of hepatic bile acid metabolism gene expression but not liver UPR gene expression.

Conclusions

Overall, these data indicate that hepatic UPR pathways are increased in cholestatic human liver biopsy samples and supports an important role of the UPR in the mechanism of human cholestatic liver injury.
Visual performance, safety and patient satisfaction after bilateral implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens in presbyopic patients without cataract
Authors: Fernández Joaquín , Alfonso Sánchez José F. , Nieradzik Mark , Valcárcel Beatriz , Burguera Noemí , Kapp Alexander
Published: August 2022

Background

The aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) for the correction of presbyopia and to assess patient satisfaction.

Methods

Records from three centres were reviewed to select presbyopic patients having undergone bilateral refractive lens exchange and implantation of the AT LISA tri 839MP multifocal IOL. Postoperatively, monocular and binocular distance, intermediate and near visual acuities, corrected and uncorrected, and subjective refraction were measured. Patients also completed a quality of life questionnaire. Safety evaluation included IOL stability and postoperative complications.

Results

72 eyes (36 patients) were analysed. No clinically significant difference between pre- and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was found for monocular or binocular measurements. Mean postoperative monocular CDVA was 0.02 ± 0.04 logMAR. Mean refractive values all improved statistically significantly compared with preoperative baseline (p ≤ 0.0064). Overall, 82.4% of eyes had spherical equivalent within ± 0.5 D and 97.1% within ± 1.0 D of emmetropia with a mean accuracy of -0.10 ± 0.41 D. Spectacle independence for distance, intermediate and near visual acuity was 87.5%, 84.4% and 78.1% respectively, and 78.1% of patients were satisfied with their postoperative, spectacle-free vision. Eight eyes received Nd:YAG laser treatment. No other IOL-related safety issues were reported.

Conclusion

AT LISA tri 839MP multifocal IOL bilaterally implanted in presbyopic patients provided excellent distance, intermediate and near visual outcomes with very accurate correction of refraction. These results were associated with a high level of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction.

Trial registration

Trial registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/ under the identification NCT03790592 (31/12/2018).
Cervical cancer prevention in countries with the highest HIV prevalence: a review of policies
Authors: Asangbeh-Kerman Serra Lem , Davidović Maša , Taghavi Katayoun , Kachingwe James , Rammipi Kereng Molly , Muzingwani Laura , Pascoe Magaret , Jousse Marielle , Mulongo Masangu , Mwanahamuntu Mulindi , Tapela Neo , Akintade Oluwasanmi , Basu Partha , Dlamini Xolisile , Bohlius Julia
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Cervical cancer (CC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in sub-Saharan Africa. It occurs most frequently in women living with HIV (WLHIV) and is classified as an AIDS-defining illness. Recent World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations provide guidance for CC prevention policies, with specifications for WLHIV. We systematically reviewed policies for CC prevention and control in sub-Saharan countries with the highest HIV prevalence.

Methods

We included countries with an HIV prevalence ≥ 10% in 2018 and policies published between January 1st 2010 and March 31st 2022. We searched Medline via PubMed, the international cancer control partnership website and national governmental websites of included countries for relevant policy documents. The online document search was supplemented with expert consultation for each included country. We synthesised aspects defined in policies for HPV vaccination, sex education, condom use, tobacco control, male circumcision,cervical screening, diagnosis and treatment of cervical pre-cancerous lesions and cancer, monitoring mechanisms and cost of services to women while highlighting specificities for WLHIV.

Results

We reviewed 33 policy documents from nine countries. All included countries had policies on CC prevention and control either as a standalone policy (77.8%), or as part of a cancer or non-communicable diseases policy (22.2%) or both (66.7%). Aspects of HPV vaccination were reported in 7 (77.8%) of the 9 countries. All countries (100%) planned to develop or review Information, Education and Communication (IEC) materials for CC prevention including condom use and tobacco control. Age at screening commencement and screening intervals for WLHIV varied across countries. The most common recommended screening and treatment methods were visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) (88.9%), Pap smear (77.8%); cryotherapy (100%) and loop electrosurgical procedure (LEEP) (88.9%) respectively. Global indicators disaggregated by HIV status for monitoring CC programs were rarely reported. CC prevention and care policies included service costs at various stages in three countries (33.3%).

Conclusion

Considerable progress has been made in policy development for CC prevention and control in sub Saharan Africa. However, in countries with a high HIV burden, there is need to tailor these policies to respond to the specific needs of WLHIV. Countries may consider updating policies using the recent WHO guidelines for CC prevention, while adapting them to context realities.