bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical-scientific considerations regarding the reduction of the explosion effects generated by the explosive materials on persons and industrial and civil objectives
Authors: Vasilescu Gabriel-Dragoş , Rădeanu Cristian , Jitea Ciprian-Ilie , Garaliu-Bușoi Bogdan , Anghelache Doru
Published: December 2022

The attenuation is a function of a structural strength and mass of the PES structure. Relatively light or weak structures (or open PES facilities) are assumed to not attenuate any of the pressure or impulse load. These not-attenuating facilities include: Pre-engineered metal building, Hollow clay tile building, Trailer (drop or stand-alone), Tractor-trailer and Bulk/tank truck/Van truck. If there is a barricade present between the PES and the ES and this barricade meets certain criteria, the user can direct the model to reduce the pressure and impulse arriving at the ES because of the presence of the barricade. The fractional damage of the PES structure remaining intact after an explosive event is a function of the equivalent NEW (Net Explosive Weight) and the PES building type. The fractional damage (a value between 0 and 1) of each PES component (roof, front wall, side walls, and rear wall) is determined by comparing the NEW to lower-bound and upper-bound damage limits for the PES types. So, if the NEW is below the lower-bound damage limit value, then the PES structure is assumed to remain totally intact; if the NEW is greater than upper-bound damage limit value, then the PES structure is assumed to be completely destroyed; if the NEW value is between the lower-bound damage limit and upper-bound damage limit, the PES structure is partially or fractionally damaged. If the equivalent NEW is between the two values, an algorithm is used to determine how fast the PES structure transitions from zero damage to full damage as the NEW increases between the lower-bound damage limit and upper-bound damage limit values. This algorithm and all associated parameters are described in the following.
Finite element model validation for a 14.5 mm armor piercing bullet impact on a multi-layered add-on armor plate
Authors: Malciu Adrian , Pupăză Cristina , Puică Constantin-Cristinel , Pană Iuliana-Florina
Published: December 2022

For armor plates testing and evaluation the use of modeling and simulation tools, together with a validated finite element model is a reliable approach in respect to a firing conducted session. The paper presents the validation of an advanced finite element model on the impact between two 14,5 mm armor piercing bullets with a multilayered add-on armor plate made by aluminum alloy, alumina tiles, aramid fabric woven, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber composite and a steel plate. An 8 mm thick armor steel witness plate was placed at 2 cm behind the add-on plate. The real tests were conducted in a firing range and a chronograph was used to measure the values of the bullet impact velocities. The test results showed that the first bullet penetrates the witness plate and the second bullet only deforms it. A three-dimensional finite element model of the bullet and armor plates was conceived to perform the impact simulations in LS-DYNA. Tensile and compression tests, as well as other scientific methods were employed to establish the strength and failure model parameters for each material. The results of the finite element model follow the experimental ones regarding the yaw angle assumptions that were applied for a simulation scenario.
Assessment and analysis of potentially explosive areas in distribution stations, generated by alternative fuels such as LPG, CNG and H2
Authors: Grecea Danut , Andris Adriana , Nicola Aurelian
Published: December 2022

Rising prices and the desire to reduce pollution by replacing traditional fuels (benzine and diesel) in the transport system require solutions to make this sector more economically efficient. The use of LPG, CNG and H2 implies, from the point of view of explosion risks, additional features compared to conventional filling stations to increase safety and environmental protection. Thus, this paper presents the effects caused by each fuel analysed (LPG, CNG and H2), in the worst case, the initiation case. The analysis performed is based on simulation using ANSYS – Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, and the result is particularly useful for adopting optimal measures to minimise the risk of explosion.
Release of overpressures in computational simulations of air-methane explosions
Authors: Florea Gheorghe Daniel , Ghicioi Emilian , Vlasin Nicolae Ioan , Vass Zoltan
Published: December 2022

Research in the field of gas explosions has had and continues to have, as its main support, physical experiments performed on various scale models, the construction of real size models are often large consuming materials, time and labor. The rapid development of computing techniques has allowed among other things, the transfer of gas explosions research in the virtual space, for the validation of computational simulations of this type being still considered physical experiments and specialty literature. Within NIRD INSEMEX Petrosani, being an accredited institute in the elaboration of technical reports for gas explosion type events, the phenomenon of rapid combustion virtualization increased in time and as a result, computational simulations becoming an efficient tools in explaining the mechanisms of explosion production. Nevertheless, one of the problems raised by this virtualization process is the limitation of performing computational simulations in closed or partially closed spaces, initial conditions imposed, without the possibility of dynamic modification of these conditions according to the development of overpressures generated by the virtual explosion. This paper presents a computational experiment in which it was possible to transform the boundary conditions at predefined pressure thresholds, from rigid surfaces into surfaces capable of releasing the overpressures developed in closed / partially closed spaces, putting the results of this kind of simulations in line with real dynamic effects of gas explosion events.
Optimal Monitoring of Server Rooms with Home Assistant Platform
Authors: Șuvar Marius-Cornel , Munteanu Laurențiu , Cioară Cristian
Published: December 2022

High-performance IT systems with high computing power resources, used especially for processing large volumes of data or performing laborious calculations at significant speeds, are installed in special server rooms. Such a room specially built for High-Performance Computing systems, also called HPC, involves soundproofing and fireproofing of the walls, air conditioning equipment, as well as permanent monitoring of the room with a series of sensors, among which can be mentioned: temperature and humidity sensors, smoke sensors, air quality sensors, water and flood sensors, motion sensors, video cameras for realtime remote viewing. Given the wide variety of smart devices on the market equipped with such sensors, it is advisable to choose a suitable software environment, which offers the possibility to integrate, monitor, and control all these smart devices. One of the most popular free, opensource automation applications is Home Assistant. This software platform brings an improvement in the server rooms through the capabilities of monitoring, automation, and notification of events through text messages (email, SMS) or acoustic and video alerts. The paper presents an IoT implementation of a server room monitoring system, applied at INCD INSEMEX headquarters.
Dewatering of waters from surface quarries in the Oltenia basin with the help of horizontal drilling
Authors: Marc Bogdan Ioan , Stanimirescu Soica Alexandra , Itu Razvan Bogdan
Published: December 2022

Dewatering involves reducing level of flooding of field by various technical measure. This paper studies the methods of dewatering involving reducing the level of flooding of field by various technical measure water from surface quarries with the help of horizontal drilling. Horizontal drilling does not cause discomfort at the level of exploitation works, transport and storage of deposits being a very efficient method. This has a great advantage both in terms of efficiency and the level of the environment because it eliminates land cover.
The elderly activities before and after retirement
Authors: Corman Sorina
Published: December 2022

The paper presents an inventory of the activities of the elderly before and after retirement. The objectives of this paper are: to identify and analyse the activities of the elderly before retirement; to identify and analyse the activities of the elderly after retirement; to analyse the dynamics of the elderly’s roles; to build the intervention plans in relation to the elderly’s activities in correlation with the roles played by them. The interview is the method used in data collection and the results are obtained from the qualitative analysis of the data: inventory of answers, their classification into categories, coding of answers and their interpretation. The schedule of activities and the typology of activities have changed radically after retirement and the satisfaction of the elderly in relation to these activities varies depending on the health problems, depending on the financial difficulties and the relationships that the elderly have with the family. Most of the elderly people interviewed say that they try to stay active and satisfy their desires even if it is more difficult for them due to their health condition. They focus on helping and supporting the family, and they feel great satisfaction when it comes to helping them.
The current crises are negatively affecting the business and macroeconomic stability
Authors: Anghelache Constantin , Anghel Mădălina-Gabriela , Iacob Ștefan Virgil , Răduț Marius-Cristian , Radu Iulian
Published: December 2022

The authors of this article aim to highlight how current crises (health, economic and financial, energy, food, etc.) have an effect on domestic and, especially, international affairs. At the same time, the aim is to identify and specify how the crises we are facing are jeopardizing macroeconomic stability. A number of study authors on the trend of the world economy have already stated that the world economy is practically in recession. This conclusion was reached based on the fact that, in addition to the crises affecting the world situation, the effect of the pandemic Corona virus, and the Russian-Ukrainian war (Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict) which is xpected to be long-lasting. The prospect of a Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict leads to the conclusion that, at the European Union and individual level, each and every state will face difficulties with negative effects on maintaining macro-stability and the development of domestic and international affairs at a convenient pace. In order to determine these aspects, we set out to use the widest possible methodology of international comparisons, the use of statistical indicators calculated and obtained from the European Union, Eurostat, the National Institute of Statistics and the application of statistical-econometric methods / models to obtain the parameters that will form the basis of the future comparison and, especially, of establishing the evolutionary trend of the world, European economy and, especially in this case, of Romania.
Influence of current direction in longitudinal ventilated road tunnels on the backflow of combustion Produits
Authors: Lanchava Omar , Ilias Nicolae , Javakhishvili Giorgi , Radu Sorin Mihai , Makharadze Leon
Published: December 2022

The results of numerical modeling in longitudinal ventilated sloping road tunnels are given. The slope of the tunnels varies in the range of 0-6%. The geometry of the tunnel is as follows: length: 100 m; width: 8 m; height: 6 m; area of the seat of fire: 16 m2. The seat of fire sized: 2.75x5.8x1.5 m is in the central part of the tunnel. The scenarios of development of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 MW fires are studied in the case of positive and negative directional ventilation flows. The time of modelling was 120 seconds. The numerical problems were modelled with a volumetric grid method. The grid cell dimensions were: 0.5*0.5*0.5 m. Virtual point and volumetric measuring equipment was used to record the modeling results. The modelling used 4 groups of measuring devices that measured and recorded air velocity, temperature, and air and smoke densities. The paper discusses cases of algebraically summarizing the ventilation and fire-induced flows. Based on the results of numerical modeling, we can point out that the widely accepted indices of critical velocity and back-layering length in inclined road tunnels often give erroneous results. Therefore, in strategies for emergency ventilation, indicators such are critical velocity and back-separation should be used with caution.
Methodological tools for project risk management
Authors: Suciu Cristina , Tulpan Marioara , Cucăilă Marius , Offenberg Alexandra , Sărăcuț Mircea
Published: December 2022

The increasing size and complexity of acquisition and development projects in both the public and private sectors have begun to exceed the capabilities of traditional management techniques to control them. With every new technological development or engineering feat, human endeavours inevitably increase in their complexity and ambition. This trend has led to an explosion in the size and sophistication of projects by government and private industry to develop and acquire technology-based systems. These systems are characterised by the often unpredictable interaction of people, organisations, and hardware. This complexity has imposed a complementary rise in the level of adverse events, particularly in acquisition projects, that I often difficult to identify, analyse, and manage. Indeed, managing the risk associated with the acquisition of large-scale technology-based systems has become a challenging task. Such risks cost overrun, time delay in project completion, and not meeting a project’s performance criteria. This paper presents the scientifical results regarding to principles and guidelines necessary to conduct risk management in an adaptable and repeatable framework, showing the tools and method developed in the course of conducting risk management on many different projects.
Acceptance of Acute Kidney Injury Alert by Providers in Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Nevin Connor , Shawwa Khaled , Pincavitch Jami , Neely Rebecca L. , Goodwin Donnie , McCarthy Paul , Mohamed Nada , Mullett Charles , Smith Gordon S. , Kellum John A. , Sakhuja Ankit
Published: December 2022

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery and is associated with worse outcomes. Its management relies on early diagnosis, and therefore, electronic alerts have been used to alert clinicians for development of AKI. Electronic alerts are, however, associated with high rates of alert fatigue.

Objectives We designed this study to assess the acceptance of user-centered electronic AKI alert by clinicians.

Methods We developed a user-centered electronic AKI alert that alerted clinicians of development of AKI in a persistent yet noninterruptive fashion. As the goal of the alert was to alert toward new or worsening AKI, it disappeared 48 hours after being activated. We assessed the acceptance of the alert using surveys at 6 and 12 months after the alert went live.

Results At 6 months after their implementation, 38.9% providers reported that they would not have recognized AKI as early as they did without this alert. This number increased to 66.7% by 12 months of survey. Most providers also shared that they re-dosed or discontinued medications earlier, provided earlier management of volume status, avoided intravenous contrast use, and evaluated patients by using point-of-care ultrasounds more due to the alert. Overall, 83.3% respondents reported satisfaction with the electronic AKI alerts at 6 months and 94.4% at 12 months.

Conclusion This study showed high rates of acceptance of a user-centered electronic AKI alert over time by clinicians taking care of patients with AKI.
Sinonasal Outcomes Using Oral Corticosteroids in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Positive Sinonasal Cultures
Authors: Martinez-Paredes Jhon F. , Donaldson Angela M. , Marino Michael , Choby Garret , Olomu Osarenoma , Alfakir Razan , Stokken Janalee K. , O'Brien Erin , Lal Devyani
Published: December 2022

Introduction Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and positive sinonasal bacterial cultures may be recalcitrant to topical therapy alone due to the additional local inflammatory burden associated with bacterial infection/colonization.

Objective To evaluate sinonasal outcomes in CRSwNP patients with a positive perioperative bacterial culture, who were treated with postoperative intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) alone versus INCS in combination with a short-term course of oral corticosteroids (OCS).

Methods This is a retrospective chart review of CRSwNP patients. A total of 59 patients met inclusion criteria, including positive perioperative bacterial culture and treatment with INCS with or without concomitant use of OCS. Two cohorts were formed based on the chosen postoperative medical treatment; 32 patients underwent postoperative INCS alone, while 27 underwent INCS plus a ≤ 2-week course of OCS. The 22-item sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) scores and Lund-Kennedy scores (LKS) were assessed preoperatively, and at 2-week, 4-week, and 4 to 6 months after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Results There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative sinonasal symptoms or endoscopic scores between the cohorts treated with INCS plus OCS versus those prescribed INCS alone (p > 0.05). Our regression model failed to demonstrate a relationship between the use of OCS and better sinonasal outcomes at 2-week, 4-week, and 4 to 6 months after ESS (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Our study suggests that in a cohort of CRSwNP patients with recent bacterial infections, the postoperative use of combined OCS and INCS did not result in a statistical improvement of endoscopic and symptomatic outcomes over INCS irrigation alone. However, both treatment groups had a clinically significant improvement based on the Minimal Clinically Important Difference.
Acidic Microenvironment–Sensitive Core-Shell Microcubes: The Self-assembled and the Therapeutic Effects for Caries Prevention
Authors: Shih Tsai-Miao , Hsiao Jui-Fu , Shieh Dar-Bin , Tsai Guochuan Emil
Published: December 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a new material with integrated interface design that could achieve the purpose of environmental-sensing controlled release against cariogenic bacteria. Furthermore, this material can rebalance oral flora and serve as a preventive and reparative measure of dental caries.

Materials and Methods NaF@PAA@HA@polyelectrolytes@HA@PAA particles were synthesized using the method of two-solution phases precipitation followed by biocompatible polymers coating layer by layer. The structure of the particles was confirmed by transmission electron microscope. The fluoride release profile was measured by fluoride ion electrode. Antimicrobial activity against the cariogenic microorganisms was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum. The efficacy experiments were conducted on tooth enamel slides to evaluated fluoride absorption and antibacterial activity of the prototype toothpaste containing microcube particles

Results The structure of NaF@PAA@HA@polyelectrolytes@HA@PAA particles showed a core surrounded by tooth-adhesion polymer layers in thin fin or filament structure. The loaded concentration of fluoride in the particles' core was 148,996 ± 28,484 ppm. NaF@PAA@HA@polyelectrolytes@HA@PAA particles showed selective inhibition of cariogenic microorganisms over probiotic strains and stronger fluoride adhesion on tooth enamel. A burst release (over 80%) of fluoride from the particle-containing toothpaste was observed under cariogenic acidic environment (pH < 5), while it remained extremely low under neutral environment. Compared with the best results of commercial toothpastes, our prototype toothpaste increased enamel fluoride uptake by 8-fold in normal enamel slides and by 11-fold in the slides with induced white spot lesions after either 1- or 7-day treatment. The prototype toothpaste also showed better inhibition of cariogenic microorganisms than the commercial brands. The coverage area of cariogenic bacteria under our toothpaste treatment was 73% on normal enamel slides compared with the commercial brands, while it was 69% in the induced white spot lesions.

Conclusions In our study, an intelligent toothpaste was developed that selectively inhibits cariogenic bacteria by microenvironment proton-triggered fluoride release. Such novel design would accomplish a favorable flora balance for optimal long-term oral health.
Iliocaval Reconstruction: Review of Technique, Challenges, and Outcomes
Authors: Kinariwala Dhara , Liles Amber , Williams David M. , Khaja Minhaj S.
Published: December 2022

Iliocaval thrombosis is a major source of morbidity for patients, with a range of clinical presentations, including recurrent lower extremity deep venous thrombosis and postthrombotic syndrome. Endovascular reconstruction of chronic iliocaval occlusion has been demonstrated to be a technically feasible procedure that provides long-lasting symptom relief in combination with antithrombotic therapy and close clinical monitoring. Herein, we describe the etiologies of iliocaval thrombosis, patient assessment, patient management prior to and after intervention, procedural techniques, and patient outcomes.
Varicoceles: Overview of Treatment from a Radiologic and Surgical Perspective
Authors: Neves da Silva Helio V. , Meller Robert L. , Ogundipe Eniola A. , Rochon Paul J.
Published: December 2022

A testicular varicocele is the result of the expansion of the venous pampiniform plexus of the scrotum. Often painless, a significant number of patients experience orchialgia, swelling, testicular atrophy, and abnormalities in spermatic parameters. Treatment of symptomatic varicocele involves a radiologic or surgical intervention to obstruct the reflux of venous drainage. Testicular anatomy, diagnostic evaluation and imaging, options for surgical intervention, and a step-by-step description of retrograde embolization and antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy are discussed. Furthermore, included is an overview of postprocedural management and patient outcomes for radiological interventions, and the most up-to-date evidence on the efficacy of varicocele treatments as well as how they compare to each other.
Retrospective Comparative Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Transradial Arterial Access for Hepatic Tumor Embolizations: A Single Operator Experience
Authors: Sundareyan Ramanivas , Karkhanis Salil
Published: December 2022

Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of transradial arterial access (TRA) for hepatic tumor embolizations and compare the outcomes between the TRA and transfemoral arterial access (TFA).

Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of all consecutive hepatic tumor embolization procedures done through TFA or TRA by a single operator from November 2017 to April 2019 was performed. The procedural variables, including fluoroscopy time, radiation dose (reference air kerma [RAK]), conversion and complication rates, and patient preferences were recorded. The primary endpoint was technical success, which was defined as the successful completion of the embolization procedure. Procedural variables including radiation exposure and patient preferences, and complications were analyzed as secondary endpoints.

Results Out of 102 procedures in 90 patients, 44 were performed through TFA and the rest by TRA. A technical success rate of 98.2% and a crossover rate of 1.7% were recorded for TRA. There were no major vascular complications and similar rates of minor complications (8.6% for TRA, 2.3% for TFA; P = 0.055), without any clinical sequelae. After the initial learning curve, no significant differences for other procedural variables were noted between the two access sites. Faster ambulation were achieved following TRA (P < 0.055). All 12 patients who underwent repeat TACE after initial TRA chose this again over TFA.

Conclusions TRA is safe and effective for hepatic tumor embolization. Its safety and efficacy profile is comparable to that of TFA, with added improved patient comfort and faster ambulation.

Advances in Knowledge New catheter options and modifications of the existing techniques as explained in this article proved radial arterial access as a safe and effective alternative in hepatic arterial embolization.
Exercise and Airway Clearance Techniques in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Ward Nathan , Stiller Kathy , Holland Anne E.
Published: December 2022

Exercise and airway clearance techniques (ACTs) have been a cornerstone of treatment for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) for many decades. Exercise may confer both respiratory and nonrespiratory benefits for pwCF, with greater exercise capacity associated with improved survival. A wide variety of exercise interventions for pwCF have been investigated. ACTs may assist in reducing respiratory symptoms for pwCF and are currently recommended to be performed daily, with the types of ACTs used varying globally. While recommended components of care, both exercise and ACTs are time-intensive and maintaining adherence to the recommendations over the longer term can be challenging. It has been proposed that with advances in the therapeutic options for pwCF, a rationalization of the therapeutic regimen may be possible. We summarize the current evidence for the use of exercise and ACTs by pwCF, discuss the implications of the introduction of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators on both exercise and ACTs, and highlight areas for further research.
Impact of Digital Technologies on Clinical Care for Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Peckham Daniel , Spoletini Giulia
Published: December 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic accelerated the implementation of digital technologies, which have now become embedded as essential tools for the management of chronic disease, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Despite subsequent easing of restrictions and because of improved clinical stability resulting from the introduction of highly effective modulator therapy, digital technologies including video and telephone consultations and remote monitoring are likely to remain integral to the future delivery of CF health care. In this article, we explore some of the key developments in digital technologies, barriers to their adoption, and how the CF community is likely to embrace lessons learned from the recent pandemic to help modernize and reshape the future of CF care.
Comparative Analysis of Manual Dexterity of Dental Students at Ajman University following One Academic Year of Preclinical Training Sessions: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Saeed Musab , Alfarra Mohammed B.Q. , Abdelmagied Mawada Hassan , Hadi Karrar , Aljafarawi Tareq , Al-Rawi Noor , Uthman Asmaa T. , Fanas Salem Abu , Al Rawi Natheer H.
Published: December 2022

Objectives Dental students must complete two stages of training, namely, preclinical training on phantom head models and clinical training on actual patients to acquire the practical skills required by their Bachelor of Dental Surgery program.

Our objectives are to evaluate the level of improvement of the manual skills obtained by third-year dental students after one full academic year of preclinical training courses using dexterity tests under direct and indirect vision and to compare the improvement among male and female dental students under the same conditions.

Materials and Methods A total of 72 preclinical students participated in our cohort trial, each of whom was assigned a random identification number that was only known to the researchers. After the beginning of the academic year, the experiment was performed under identical conditions for both the O'Connor Tweezer Dexterity Test and the Purdue Pegboard Test. The examinations were conducted at two distinct times: T0 before phantom laboratory training (the beginning of preclinical sessions) and T1 after phantom laboratory training (9 months after T0).

Statistical Analysis Signed-rank test of Wilcoxon over two separate periods (T0 and T1), comparisons were made between the direct and indirect visual dexterity test scores. In addition, the Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare results across gender. The statistical significance (p-value) was set at below 0.05 with a confidence level of 95%.

Results A statistically significant difference was detected between the T0 and T1 assessments on the Purdue Pegboard Test and the O'Connor Tweezer Dexterity Test for all selected dentistry students in both direct and indirect conditions (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Further investigation in other dental departments or schools, particularly those with different entry standards, is required prior to making a definitive conclusion about the use of these dexterity assessments as predictors of prospective dental students' performance.
Effect of Resin Cement at Different Thicknesses on the Fatigue Shear Bond Strength to Leucite Ceramic
Authors: Arcila Laura Viviana Calvache , Gomes Laís Carolina Landim , Ortiz Laura Patricia Nadal , Costa Mardoqueu M. da , Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Bottino Marco Antonio , Saavedra Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni , de Melo Renata Marques
Published: December 2022

Objectives This in vitro study was performed to evaluate fatigue survival by shear test in the union of leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic using different cement thicknesses.

Materials and Methods Leucite-reinforced glass ceramics blocks were sectioned in 2-mm thick slices where resin cylinders were cemented. The samples were distributed in two experimental groups (n = 20) according to the cement thickness (60 and 300 μm). The specimens of each group were submitted to the stepwise fatigue test in the mechanical cycling machine under shear stress state, with a frequency of 2 Hz, a step-size of 0.16 bar, starting with a load of 31 N (1.0 bar) and a lifetime of 20,000 cycles at each load step.

Results The samples were analyzed in a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy to determine the failure type. There is no significant difference between the mean values of shear bond strength according to both groups. Log-rank (p = 0.925) and Wilcoxon (p = 0.520) tests revealed a similar survival probability in both cement layer thicknesses according to the confidence interval (95%). The fracture analysis showed that the mixed failure was the most common failure type in the 300-μm thickness group (80%), while adhesive failure was predominant in the 60-μm thickness group (67%). The different cement thicknesses did not influence the leucite ceramic bonding in fatigue shear testing; however, the thicker cement layer increased the predominance of the ceramic material failure.

Conclusion The resin cement thicknesses bonded to leucite ceramic did not influence the long-term interfacial shear bond strength, although thicker cement layer increased the ceramic material cohesive failure. Regardless the cement layer thickness, the shear bond strength lifetime decreases under fatigue.
SLAP Injury and the Superior Labrum
Authors: Jain Abhishek , Aniq Hifz , Mistry Alpesh
Published: December 2022

Injuries around the superior labrum are a common cause of shoulder dysfunction and pain. The injuries sustained result mainly from repetitive microtrauma but can also occur following a fall on outstretched hand. Both athletic and general populations can be affected. Injuries to the superior labrum are called superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) tears. Based on cross-sectional imaging findings, the literature defines four main SLAP tears (I–IV) and six extended types (V–X). An accurate description of imaging findings of the SLAP tear type, along with concomitant findings, aids clinicians in treatment planning. We also briefly discuss management options, postoperative appearance of superior labral repair, and the diagnosis of a retear.
Imaging of the Long Head of Biceps Tendon and Rotator Interval
Authors: McKean David , Teh James
Published: December 2022

This article reviews the imaging and common pathology of the long head of biceps tendon and rotator interval (RI). This area of complex anatomy plays a crucial role in normal shoulder function. Injury or abnormality of the RI may contribute to a range of shoulder pathology, such as biceps instability, tendinopathy, and frozen shoulder. Understanding the normal and pathologic appearances of the RI structures is crucial for a correct diagnosis and directing treatment.
Thrombosis in Pregnant Women with Hematological Malignancies: A Case-Based Review
Authors: Krayem Baher , Brenner Benjamin , Horowitz Netanel A.
Published: December 2022

Cancer and pregnancy induce a procoagulant environment which may lead to maternal and fetal complications, such as venous thromboembolism, fetal growth restriction, and fetal loss. The incidence of hematological malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy is rising, and thrombotic events in such malignancies are not rare. Management of thrombosis during pregnancy poses a therapeutic challenge, that is further exacerbated by the impact of cancer. The available data on managing pregnant women with hematological malignancies are limited to those with myeloproliferative neoplasms, mainly essential thrombocythemia, and, to a lesser extent, polycythemia vera. Low-dose aspirin is recommended throughout pregnancy, and considering treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin and interferon formulations is advised for high-risk patients. Currently, guidelines for handling thrombotic events in pregnant women with lymphoma or leukemia are lacking, and their management is based on data extrapolated from retrospective studies, and guidelines for prevention and treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis. The present case-based review will focus on the complex issue of thrombotic risk in pregnant women with hematological malignancies, specifically myeloproliferative neoplasms, lymphomas, and leukemias.
Free Flap Donor-Site Complications and Management
Authors: Archibald Hunter , Stanek Joel , Hamlar David
Published: December 2022

Free flap harvest will occasionally result in donor-site complications and morbidity. Most of these complications are managed simply without producing lingering effects on activities of daily living. However, some patients will sustain limb weakness, gait issues, chronic pain, and nonhealing wounds. Frank preoperative discussion between surgeon and patient is essential to maximize postoperative outcome and manage expectations. Fastidious surgical technique will help minimize the risks of hematoma, seroma, and infection, while newer techniques can help prevent some issues with wound healing, limb weakness, and sensory changes. In this article, we describe the rates of common and rare complications at free flap donor sites, as well as techniques to prevent and manage them.
Single-core multi-channel moiré fiber grating and multi-wavelength LMA fiber grating fabricated based on two-dimensional spatially encoded phase mask
Authors: Che Zonglun , Xu Pan , Cao Chunyan , Gu XiJia , Ma Lina , Zhu Jing , Wang Jun
Published: December 2022

A two-dimensional optical fiber grating with multi sub-gratings based on a 2D spatially encoded phase mask is designed in this study. The 2D fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is composed of two non-overlapping sub-FBGs, which are laterally separated along the radial direction of the fiber core. Unlike traditional FBGs, the refractive index of the 2D FBG is modulated both on the axial and radial directions of the fiber core, which are realized by spatially encoded diffraction based on a 2D spatially encoded phase mask. Compared with the overlapping grating, the 2D FBG can be fabricated at one time to achieve multi-wavelength output, and its compact structure provides a new idea for multi-wavelength multiplexing. As examples, a single-core multi-channel moiré fiber grating and 2D FBG with three subgratings are designed and fabricated on a single-mode fiber and LMA fiber, respectively. Using a 2D spatially encoded mask can improve the optical fiber refractive index modulation from one- to two- or even three-dimensions, which is helpful for precise manipulation of the complex optical field of optical fiber.
Research of “one key sequence control” test method based on panoramic digital simulation technology
Authors: Chen Yongxin , Li Hengxuan , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Kanjun , Hu Jiajia , Liu Du
Published: December 2022

Aiming at the problem that the current “one key sequence control” system cannot effectively carry out the test work after being deployed in a substation project, a “one key sequential control” test method based on panoramic digital simulation technology is proposed. The actual primary and secondary equipment is replaced by digital analog simulation, the instanced sequential control operation ticket is completed based on professional atlas theory, and the full logic test of the “one key sequence control” equipment status configuration library, operation ticket configuration library, operation process, error prevention logic, dual criteria, etc., is completed so as to realize the visual test of all configurations of the “one key sequence control” system. It provides an efficient and reliable technical method for the testing and acceptance of the “one key sequential control” system.
Effects of international boundary making on pastoralists transboundary environmental resource use in the Ethiopia–Kenya borderland
Authors: Defere Girma , Mulugeta Messay , Tolera Teferi
Published: December 2022

The international boundary along the Ethiopia–Kenyan border does not consider the livelihood and customary practices of local people. Ethiopia and Kenya both have ethnic groups living in similar ecosystems, sharing similar livelihood systems, trans-clan and transboundary trade networks, and trans-boundary migratory patterns. Unlike pre-colonial times when communities freely moved with their herds, the creation of the colonial boundary divided local people and restricted their mobility. This study examined the effects of the international boundary on cross-border environmental resource use along the Ethiopia–Kenya border. We used a qualitative approach to conduct this study. Key informant interviews, in-depth interviews and focus-group discussions were employed to collect data. The findings suggest that the boundaries between Ethiopia–Kenya constrain pastoral mobility beyond borders, access to cross-border environmental resource use, and livelihoods. Interestingly, the ethnic kinship relationship and indigenous institutions have facilitated the Moyale pastoralists’ mobility to achieve access to environmental resource use, resource use-related conflict management and to support pastoral livelihoods. As a way forward, this study determined that cooperative relations among neighbouring states, territorial communities and all concerned stakeholders must be promoted and strengthened, as well as investment made in pastoral livelihoods, so as to allow mobility of pastoral communities across the borders of member states. In the case of Ethiopia and Kenya, this implies putting into action the Niamey Convention (2014) on African Union cross-border cooperation and the transhumane protocol of Africa Union–Intergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD 2021) to enhance free and safe pastoral mobility with livestock across the border. All stakeholders in transboundary situations should strive to engage in joint rangeland management and cooperate to deter rangeland degradation.
Cydia caryana (Fitch). [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: December 2022

A new distribution map is provided for Cydia caryana (Fitch). Lepidoptera: Tortricidae. Hosts: pecan (
Carya illinoinensis
), hickory (
Carya ovata
) and walnut (
Juglans nigra
).
Myzus mumecola (Matsumura). [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: December 2022

A new distribution map is provided for Myzus mumecola (Matsumura). Hemiptera: Aphididae. Hosts: apricot (
Prunus armeniaca
),
P. mume
.
Distributed spectral pairwise ranking algorithms
Authors: Guo Zheng-Chu , Hu Ting , Shi Lei
Published: December 2022

This paper considers spectral pairwise ranking algorithms in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. The concerned algorithms include a large family of regularized pairwise learning algorithms. Motivated by regularization methods, spectral algorithms are proposed to solve ill-posed linear inverse problems, then developed in learning theory and inverse problems. Recently, pairwise learning tasks such as bipartite ranking, similarity metric learning, Minimum Error Entropy principle, and AUC maximization have received increasing attention due to their wide applications. However, the spectral algorithm acts on the spectrum of the empirical integral operator or kernel matrix, involving the singular value decomposition or the inverse of the matrix, which is time-consuming when the sample size is immense. Our contribution is twofold. First, under some general source conditions and capacity assumptions, we establish the first-ever mini-max optimal convergence rates for spectral pairwise ranking algorithms. Second, we consider the distributed version of the algorithms based on a divide-and-conquer approach and show that, as long as the partition of the data set is not too large, the distributed learning algorithm enjoys both computational efficiency and statistical optimality.
Effect of cryogenic grinding on surface characteristics of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Santosh , Jain Pramod Kumar
Published: December 2022

Additive manufacturing has the potential to develop three-dimensional customized components directly in a layered fashion. One of the major challenges is the surface roughness of components fabricated by this process. An experimental investigation into the effect of cryogenic grinding on the surface characteristics of direct metal laser sintered (DMLS) Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been performed. Before experimentation, the DMLS Ti-6Al-4V components were heat-treated at 800 °C for 1.5 h to relieve the residual stresses generated during fabrication. The surface morphology, microhardness, and surface roughness were measured and evaluated. The results show that there were significant effects of different grinding characteristics and environments on the grinding forces, temperature, surface roughness, force ratio, microhardness, and surface quality of DMLS components. The surface roughness under cryogenic conditions can offer a better surface finish (reduced from 5.94 μm to 0.259 μm) with low grinding forces (reduced by 57%) and temperature as compared to dry grinding (reduced from 5.94 μm to 0.356 μm). Higher microhardness was observed due to an increase in temperature during dry grinding.
Origins and cavity-based regulation of optical anisotropy of α-MoO3 crystal
Authors: Shen Wanfu , Yu Yu , Huang Yufeng , Ma Guoteng , Yao Chengyuan , Sun Lidong , Hu Chunguang
Published: December 2022

Orthogonal α-MoO3 is one of the most common and air-stable compounds of molybdenum, holding the merits of wide bandgap, van der Waals (vdW) structure, biaxial symmetry and recently discovered hyperbolic topological transitions, which has drawn significant attention in developing novel nanophotonic and optoelectronic devices. Herein the broadband optical anisotropy, one of the most fundamental physical characteristics of α-MoO3 crystal, was systematically investigated using a combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS). The centimeter-level high-quality α-MoO3 crystal was grown by modified physical vapor deposition. The optical refractive indices along three crystalline axes were precisely determined by SE in the broad spectral range (400–1600 nm), and then the in-plane and out-plane birefringence was analyzed. Both the intrinsic and resonant cavity modulated optical anisotropy of α-MoO3 was studied by polarization-resolved RDS, from which we find the physical origins of linear dichroism are dominated by electronical transitions along the c-axis. Furthermore, the external photonic cavity of SiO2 enables enhanced sensitivity to view electronical transitions and a high modulation ratio of optical anisotropy reached 30, which provides new opportunities to tune optical anisotropy for polarized photonic devices. Our results can help understand the physical origin of the highly optical anisotropy of α-MoO3 and establish an effective metrological tool to study other types of vdW crystals.
Effect of heat treatment process parameters on the microstructure and properties of GH4720Li superalloy
Authors: Wei Zhang , Jingnan Li , Ruifeng Dong , Zishuai Chen , Jian Li , Xing Zhou , Qingzeng Wang , Jinglong Qu
Published: December 2022

The solution temperature and aging temperature of GH4720Li superalloy are the critical factors in determining its microstructure stability and mechanical properties. However, the matching of solution temperature, primary aging temperature, and second aging temperature greatly influences the final microstructure and mechanical properties, and the mechanism was rarely studied. In this paper, the effects of solution temperature, aging temperature, and other process parameters on the grain size, precipitated phase, and mechanical properties of GH4720Li superalloy were systematically studied by orthogonal experiment, and a set of optimal heat treatment process parameters were found. The results show that the sample was solution treated in the temperature range of 1060 °C ∼ 1120 °C. When the solution temperature was 1160 °C ∼ 1100 °C, although the primary γ ′ phase gradually dissolved, the secondary γ ′ phase gradually increased, and the primary γ ′ phase was pinned at the grain boundary to hinder the grain growth, and the hardness of the alloy gradually increases. When the solution temperature exceeded 1100 °C, the primary γ ′ phase dissolved in large quantities, the grains grew up rapidly, and the hardness of the alloy decreased. The sample was subjected to two-stage aging treatment in the temperature range of 650 °C ∼ 770 °C and 760 °C ∼ 880 °C. As the aging temperature increased, the primary γ ′ phase of the sample gradually grew, and the ability to pin the grain boundary weakened. The volume fraction of the secondary γ ′ phase of the sample gradually decreased and coarsened, resulting in grain growth and a gradual decrease in the hardness of the sample. When the samples were treated by 1100 °C/OC × 4 h + 650°C /AC × 8 h + 760 °C/AC × 8 h, the grain size of the sample was the smallest, the average grain size was 4.5 μm, the distribution of γ ′ phase was the most uniform, and the mechanical properties are the best, reaching 47 HRC.
Congruences like Atkin’s for the partition function
Authors: Ahlgren Scott , Allen Patrick , Tang Shiang
Published: December 2022

Let

p
(
n
)

p(n)

be the ordinary partition function. In the 1960s Atkin found a number of examples of congruences of the form

p
(

Q
3

ℓ
n
+
β
)
≡
0

(
mod

ℓ
)

p( Q^3 \ell n+\beta )\equiv 0\pmod \ell

where

ℓ
\ell

and

Q
Q

are prime and

5
≤
ℓ
≤
31

5\leq \ell \leq 31

; these lie in two natural families distinguished by the square class of

1
−
24
β

(
mod

ℓ
)

1-24\beta \pmod \ell

. In recent decades much work has been done to understand congruences of the form

p
(

Q
m

ℓ
n
+
β
)
≡
0

(
mod

ℓ
)

p(Q^m\ell n+\beta )\equiv 0\pmod \ell

. It is now known that there are many such congruences when

m
≥
4

m\geq 4

, that such congruences are scarce (if they exist at all) when

m
=
1
,
2

m=1, 2

, and that for

m
=
0

m=0

such congruences exist only when

ℓ
=
5
,
7
,
11

\ell =5, 7, 11

. For congruences like Atkin’s (when

m
=
3

m=3

), more examples have been found for

5
≤
ℓ
≤
31

5\leq \ell \leq 31

but little else seems to be known.

Here we use the theory of modular Galois representations to prove that for every prime

ℓ
≥
5

\ell \geq 5

, there are infinitely many congruences like Atkin’s in the first natural family which he discovered and that for at least

17

/

24

17/24

of the primes

ℓ
\ell

there are infinitely many congruences in the second family.