bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasensitive and On‐Site Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives Through a Dual‐Mode Hydrogel Sensor Utilizing Portable Devices
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Xiong Jingyi , Gao Bowen , Zheng Xufan , Hu Tianyu , Li Dexin , Li Yuda , Wu Jingnan , Wang Xunchang , Yang Renqiang
Published: April 2024

The development of straightforward and dependable explosive sensors for on‐site identification is essential to preserving public safety concerns and lowering the safety risks related to explosions. However, one of the main barriers to the advancement of on‐site explosives detection in the future is the complexity of detection process. Here, a flexible hydrogel‐based sensing platform based on 3,4‐bis (4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl) phenyl) thiophene (TPE‐Z) and a methyl red design concept is shown that simultaneously achieves all targeted properties, including being quick, portable, reliable, and resistant to external interference. This composite fluorescent probe demonstrates outstanding detection capabilities, including low detection limits (0.48 mg L−1) and rapid response times (<5 s), which can be combined with smartphones for on‐site 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (picric acid, PA) detection. Two independent fluorescence and colorimetric channels on the sensor showed selective response to PA under fluorescence and visible light irradiation, respectively. Meanwhile, the hydrogel sensor's distinct “turn on” and “turn off” response modes to PA can be utilized to construct “YES” and “NO” logic gates, which subsequently proves that they can be employed to differentiate PA on‐site. This sensing platform based on hydrogel is envisaged to offer in‐depth insights in advancing the on‐site detection of nitroaromatic explosives.
N‐Type CuIn5Se8‐Based Thermoelectric Materials with All‐Scale Hierarchical Architectures
Authors: Yuan Jiaqi , Deng Tingting , Qiu Pengfei , Li Zhi , Zhou Zhengyang , Ming Chen , Xiong Yifei , Ma Chao , Shi Xun
Published: April 2024

Copper (Cu)‐based thermoelectric (TE) materials have attracted great attention from both scientific and industrial societies, but for a long time, their real applications are greatly limited by the lack of high‐performance n‐type Cu‐based TE materials. Most recently, the novel n‐type Cu‐based TE material, CuIn5Se8, has been discovered to show a record‐high TE figure‐of‐merit (zT) to match the state‐of‐the‐art p‐type Cu‐based TE materials. However, the physical origin of such high zT is still unclear due to its complex phase compositions and crystal structures. In this work, it is revealed that the excellent TE performance is mainly contributed by the intrinsically ultralow lattice thermal conductivity originating from the unique all‐scale hierarchical architecture. It covers the ranges from atomic‐scale cation disorder in the tetragonal CuIn5Se8 phase and nanoscale diversified stacking units and stacking sequences in the hexagonal CuIn5Se8 phase, to mesoscale grain boundaries between the tetragonal phase and hexagonal phase. Doping Br at the Se‐sites can largely tune the electrical transports of CuIn5Se8 while maintaining the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, leading to high zT reaching the optimal value predicted by the single parabolic model. This work will guide the investigation of n‐type Cu‐based TE materials in the future.
Intrinsically Photopatternable High‐k Polymer Dielectric for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Lee Gunoh , Jang Seong Cheol , Lee Ju Hyeok , Park Ji‐Min , Noh Byeongil , Choi Hyuk , Kweon Hyukmin , Kim Do Hwan , Kim Hyun You , Kim Hyun‐Suk , Lee Kyung Jin
Published: April 2024

The development of flexible and stretchable devices is crucial for realizing future electronics. In particular, for dielectric layer, conventional inorganic materials are limited by their brittle nature, while organic materials suffer from a low dielectric constant. Here, a novel intrinsically photopatternable high‐k Parylene‐based thin film (Parylene‐OH) is fabricated via a chemical vapor deposition process based on the Gorham method, which provides pin‐hole free, conformal polymeric film on any type of surface. Parylene‐OH can be photo‐patterned by UV crosslinking without further lithography processes and dielectric constant of Parylene‐OH increases from 6.05 to 7.53 after crosslinking, without degrading other parameters, making it comparable to conventional high‐k dielectric, Al2O3. Flexible In─Ga─Zn─O (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with patterned dielectric layers can withstand higher strain owing to the localized pattern of each unit. A CMOS inverter integrated with n‐type IGZO and p‐type Te TFTs is successfully fabricated. Parylene‐OH can be used in the future of state‐of‐the‐art flexible electronic devices.
Conjugation of IL‐33 to Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds Enhances Type 2‐Like Immune Responses In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Roosa Colleen A. , Lempke Samantha L. , Hannan Riley T. , Nicklow Ethan , Sturek Jeffrey M. , Ewald Sarah E. , Griffin Donald R.
Published: April 2024

The inflammatory foreign body response (FBR) is the main driver of biomaterial implant failure. Current strategies to mitigate the onset of a FBR include modification of the implant surface, release of anti‐inflammatory drugs, and cell‐scale implant porosity. The microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffold platform is an injectable, porous biomaterial composed of individual microgels, which are annealed in situ to provide a structurally stable scaffold with cell‐scale microporosity. MAP scaffold does not induce a discernible foreign body response in vivo and, therefore, can be used a “blank canvas” for biomaterial‐mediated immunomodulation. Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as IL‐33, are potent regulators of type 2 immunity that play an important role in tissue repair. In this manuscript, IL‐33 is conjugated to the microgel building‐blocks of MAP scaffold to generate a bioactive material (IL33‐MAP) capable of stimulating macrophages in vitro via a ST‐2 receptor dependent pathway and modulating immune cell recruitment to the implant site in vivo, which indicates an upregulation of a type 2‐like immune response and downregulation of a type 1‐like immune response.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Bioprinting
Authors: Fareez Umar Naseef Mohamed , Naqvi Syed Ali Arsal , Mahmud Makame , Temirel Mikail
Published: April 2024

Regenerative medicine has evolved with the rise of tissue engineering due to advancements in healthcare and technology. In recent years, bioprinting has been an upcoming approach to traditional tissue engineering practices, through the fabrication of functional tissue by its layer‐by‐layer deposition process. This overcomes challenges such as irregular cell distribution and limited cell density, and it can potentially address organ shortages, increasing transplant options. Bioprinting fully functional organs is a long stretch but the advancement is rapidly growing due to its precision and compatibility with complex geometries. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), a carestone of computer‐aided engineering, has been instrumental in assisting bioprinting research and development by cutting costs and saving time. CFD optimizes bioprinting by testing parameters such as shear stress, diffusivity, and cell viability, reducing repetitive experiments and aiding in material selection and bioprinter nozzle design. This review discusses the current application of CFD in bioprinting and its potential to enhance the technology that can contribute to the evolution of regenerative medicine.
Tailoring the Surface Enrichment of a Pt Catalyst in Ionic Liquid Solutions by Choice of the Solvent
Authors: Hemmeter Daniel , Gezmis Afra , Kremitzl Daniel , Wasserscheid Peter , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter
Published: April 2024

The so‐called buoy‐effect, that is, the targeted surface enrichment of a Pt catalyst dissolved in ionic liquids (ILs), is achieved by attaching perfluorinated alkyl chains to the ligand system, which drags the metal complex toward the interface. Using angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is demonstrated how this surface enrichment can be tailored by variation of the solvent IL. In [CnC1Im][PF6] ILs (n = 2, 4, 8), the surface is fully saturated with the complex at 10%mol bulk content, while in [C4C1Im][Tf2N] only at 20%mol saturation is observed. At low catalyst concentrations of 1%mol, where saturation is not yet reached, the enrichment increases with decreasing length of the IL alkyl chain. As a general rule, the degree of surface enrichment decreases with the decrease in surface tension of the solvent IL, that is, in the order [C2C1Im][PF6] > [C4C1Im][PF6] > [C8C1Im][PF6] > [C4C1Im][Tf2N]. In ILs with very low surface tension, enrichment is even suppressed. These results reveal the surface tension of the solvent IL as rational parameter for tailoring the interfacial structure of IL‐based catalyst systems, such as supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalysis, where the nature of the IL/gas interface is expected to strongly influence the performance of the process.
Conversion of Biopolymer to UV‐Cross‐Linkable Conductive Ink with High Conductivity, Biocompatibility, and Biodegradability
Authors: Jeong Euiseok , Lee Seungae
Published: April 2024

Biocompatible, sustainable, and conductive inks are of special interest and are highly valued in the printable bioelectronics. However, the conventional inks, which increase electrical conductivity by mixing metal particles or graphene, can cause long‐term damage when applied to the body and environment. Herein, a method for creating a stable matrix based on a UV‐cross‐linkable polymer to which a conductive polymer can be grafted is investigated to solve the above problems by recycling biomass. Through this, it is possible to achieve high conductivity using only biocompatible and sustainable polymers. Here, conductive inks for printable bioelectronics are developed by grafting polypyrrole on methacrylate‐modified sericin and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). The highest electrical conductivity is achieved by adjusting the ratio of the pyrrole monomers polymerized on each polymer until the conductivity is optimized. Owing to the photoreactive nature of PEGDA, the prepared conductive inks are cross‐linked by UV light, thus giving them easy‐printing properties. The biodegradability, biocompatibility, and electrical properties of the printed patterns are systematically analyzed. This study has significant implications in the field of sustainable and printable bioelectronics as it has developed of a conductive ink with the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high conductivity that is safer and simpler than conventional methods.
Magnetic Reprogramming of Self‐Assembled Hard‐Magnetic Cilia
Authors: Clary Matthew R. , Cantu Saarah N. , Liu Jessica A.‐C. , Evans Emily E. , Tracy Joseph B.
Published: April 2024

Artificial magnetic cilia are hair‐like structures that can respond to magnetic fields. Using hard magnetic materials in magnetic cilia makes possible programming and reprogramming of the magnetization state and corresponding actuation behaviors. Hard‐magnetic cilia are fabricated through self‐assembly by solvent casting of a slurry of NdFeB microparticles dispersed in a solution of a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. These hard‐magnetic cilia are capable of attractive and repulsive responses to magnetic fields, determined by the remanent magnetization of the NdFeB microparticles. An array of cilia can be magnetically reprogrammed through immobilization in ice, applying a damped alternating magnetic field first to reduce the remanent magnetization, and then remagnetizing the cilia with a large field. This demagnetization process significantly improves the reprogrammability of the cilia array. Different responses to magnetic fields can be programmed, including spatially nonuniform behaviors. Reprogrammed hard‐magnetic cilia exhibit unique behaviors in rotating magnetic fields. After reprogramming the magnetization direction along the width of the cilia, rotation and torsion cause them to slowly coil and then quickly uncoil in a snapping behavior. Modeling the magnetic and elastic torques during actuation provides additional insights and aids the design of magnetic cilia actuators based on hard magnets.
Hybrid Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles for Precise Targeting and Synergistic Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lin Rong‐Rong , Jin Lu‐Lu , Xue Yan‐Yan , Zhang Zhe‐Sheng , Huang Hui‐Feng , Chen Dian‐Fu , Liu Qian , Mao Zheng‐Wei , Wu Zhi‐Ying , Tao Qing‐Qing
Published: April 2024

The blood brain barrier (BBB) limits the application of most therapeutic drugs for neurological diseases (NDs). Hybrid cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles derived from different cell types can mimic the surface properties and functionalities of the source cells, further enhancing their targeting precision and therapeutic efficacy. Neuroinflammation has been increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of various NDs, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a novel cell membrane coating is designed by hybridizing the membrane from platelets and chemokine (C–C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) cells are overexpressed to cross the BBB and target neuroinflammatory lesions. Past unsuccessful endeavors in AD drug development underscore the challenge of achieving favorable outcomes when utilizing single‐mechanism drugs.Two drugs with different mechanisms of actions into liposomes are successfully loaded to realize multitargeting treatment. In a transgenic mouse model for familial AD (5xFAD), the administration of these drug‐loaded hybrid cell membrane liposomes results in a significant reduction in amyloid plaque deposition, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairments. Collectively, the hybrid cell membrane‐coated nanomaterials offer new opportunities for precise drug delivery and disease‐specific targeting, which represent a versatile platform for targeted therapy in AD.
A Soft Collaborative Robot for Contact‐based Intuitive Human Drag Teaching
Authors: Gong Shoulu , Li Wenbo , Wu Jiahao , Feng Bohan , Yi Zhiran , Guo Xinyu , Zhang Wenming , Shao Lei
Published: April 2024

Soft material‐based robots, known for their safety and compliance, are expected to play an irreplaceable role in human‐robot collaboration. However, this expectation is far from real industrial applications due to their complex programmability and poor motion precision, brought by the super elasticity and large hysteresis of soft materials. Here, a soft collaborative robot (Soft Co‐bot) with intuitive and easy programming by contact‐based drag teaching, and also with exceptional motion repeatability (< 0.30% of body length) and ultra‐low hysteresis (< 2.0%) is reported. Such an unprecedented capability is achieved by a biomimetic antagonistic design within a pneumatic soft robot, in which cables are threaded to servo motors through tension sensors to form a self‐sensing system, thus providing both precise actuation and dragging‐aware collaboration. Hence, the Soft Co‐bots can be first taught by human drag and then precisely repeat various tasks on their own, such as electronics assembling, machine tool installation, etc. The proposed Soft Co‐bots exhibit a high potential for safe and intuitive human‐robot collaboration in unstructured environments, promoting the immediate practical application of soft robots.
Compositional Analysis of Complex Mixtures using Automatic MicroED Data Collection
Authors: Unge Johan , Lin Jieye , Weaver Sara J , Sae Her Ampon , Gonen Tamir
Published: April 2024

Quantitative analysis of complex mixtures, including compounds having similar chemical properties, is demonstrated using an automatic and high throughput approach to microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED). Compositional analysis of organic and inorganic compounds can be accurately executed without the need of diffraction standards. Additionally, with sufficient statistics, small amounts of compounds in mixtures can be reliably detected. These compounds can be distinguished by their crystal structure properties prior to structure solution. In addition, if the crystals are of good quality, the crystal structures can be generated on the fly, providing a complete analysis of the sample. MicroED is an effective method for analyzing the structural properties of sub‐micron crystals, which are frequently found in small‐molecule powders. By developing and using an automatic and high throughput approach to MicroED, and with the use of SerialEM for data collection, data from thousands of crystals allow sufficient statistics to detect even small amounts of compounds reliably.
Tartronic Acid as a Potential Inhibitor of Pathological Calcium Oxalate Crystallization
Authors: Su Yuan , Li Si , Li Xin , Zhou Jing‐Ying , Chauhan Vraj P. , Li Meng , Su Ya‐Hui , Liu Chun‐Mei , Ren Yi‐Fei , Yin Wu , Rimer Jeffrey D. , Cai Ting
Published: April 2024

Kidney stones are a pervasive disease with notoriously high recurrence rates that require more effective treatment strategies. Herein, tartronic acid is introduced as an efficient inhibitor of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystallization, which is the most prevalent constituent of human kidney stones. A combination of in situ experimental techniques and simulations are employed to compare the inhibitory effects of tartronic acid with those of its molecular analogs. Tartronic acid exhibits an affinity for binding to rapidly growing apical surfaces of COM crystals, thus setting it apart from other inhibitors such as citric acid, the current preventative treatment for kidney stones. Bulk crystallization and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements confirm the mechanism by which tartronic acid interacts with COM crystal surfaces and inhibits growth. These findings are consistent with in vivo studies that reveal the efficacy of tartronic acid is similar to that of citric acid in mouse models of hyperoxaluria regarding their inhibitory effect on stone formation and alleviating stone‐related physical harm. In summary, these findings highlight the potential of tartronic acid as a promising alternative to citric acid for the management of calcium oxalate nephropathies, offering a new option for clinical intervention in cases of kidney stones.
High‐Entropy Oxides for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Ran Biao , Li Huanxin , Cheng Ruiqi , Yang Zhaohui , Zhong Yi , Qin Yonghong , Yang Chao , Fu Chaopeng
Published: April 2024

High‐entropy oxides (HEOs) have garnered significant attention within the realm of rechargeable batteries owing to their distinctive advantages, which encompass diverse structural attributes, customizable compositions, entropy‐driven stabilization effects, and remarkable superionic conductivity. Despite the brilliance of HEOs in energy conversion and storage applications, there is still lacking a comprehensive review for both entry‐level and experienced researchers, which succinctly encapsulates the present status and the challenges inherent to HEOs, spanning structural features, intrinsic properties, prevalent synthetic methodologies, and diversified applications in rechargeable batteries. Within this review, the endeavor is to distill the structural characteristics, ionic conductivity, and entropy stabilization effects, explore the practical applications of HEOs in the realm of rechargeable batteries (lithium‐ion, sodium‐ion, and lithium‐sulfur batteries), including anode and cathode materials, electrolytes, and electrocatalysts. The review seeks to furnish an overview of the evolving landscape of HEOs‐based cell component materials, shedding light on the progress made and the hurdles encountered, as well as serving as the guidance for HEOs compositions design and optimization strategy to enhance the reversible structural stability, electrical properties, and electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries in the realm of energy storage and conversion.
Tuning Thermal Conductivity of Hybrid Perovskites through Halide Alloying
Authors: Wang Guang , Fan Hongzhao , Chen Zhongwei , Gao Yufei , Wang Zuankai , Li Zhigang , Lu Haipeng , Zhou Yanguang
Published: April 2024

Tuning the thermal transport properties of hybrid halide perovskites is critical for their applications in optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, and photovoltaics. Here, an effective strategy is demonstrated to modulate the thermal transport property of hybrid perovskites by halide alloying. A highly tunable thermal conductivity of mixed‐halide hybrid perovskites is achieved due to halide‐alloying and structural distortion. The experimental measurements show that the room temperature thermal conductivity of MAPb(BrxI1‐x)3 (x = 0─1) can be largely modulated from 0.27 ± 0.07 W m−1 K−1 (x = 0.5) to 0.47 ± 0.09 W m−1 K−1 (x = 1). Molecular dynamics simulations further demonstrate that the thermal conductivity reduction of hybrid halide perovskites results from the suppression of the mean free paths of the low‐frequency acoustic and optical phonons. It is found that halide alloying and the induced structural distortion can largely increase the scatterings of optical and acoustic phonons, respectively. The confined diffusion of MA+ cations in the octahedra cage is found to act as an additional thermal transport channel in hybrid perovskites and can contribute around 10–20% of the total thermal conductivity. The findings provide a strategy for tailoring the thermal transport in hybrid halide perovskites, which may largely benefit their related applications.
miR‐146a−/− mice model reveals that NF‐κB inhibition reverts inflammation‐driven myelofibrosis‐like phenotype
Authors: Cuenca‐Zamora Ernesto José , Guijarro‐Carrillo Pedro J. , López‐Poveda María J. , Morales María Luz , Lozano María Luisa , Gonzalez‐Conejero Rocío , Martínez Constantino , Teruel‐Montoya Raúl , Ferrer‐Marín Francisca
Published: April 2024

Emerging evidence shows the crucial role of inflammation (particularly NF‐κB pathway) in the development and progression of myelofibrosis (MF), becoming a promising therapeutic target. Furthermore, tailoring treatment with currently available JAK inhibitors (such as ruxolitinib or fedratinib) does not modify the natural history of the disease and has important limitations, including cytopenias. Since recent studies have highlighted the role of miR‐146a, a negative regulator of the NF‐κB pathway, in the pathogenesis of MF; here we used miR‐146a−/− (KO) mice, a MF‐like model lacking driver mutations, to investigate whether pharmacological inhibition of JAK/STAT and/or NF‐κB pathways may reverse the myelofibrotic phenotype of these mice. Specifically, we tested the JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib; the NF‐κB inhibitor via IKKα/β, BMS‐345541; both inhibitors in combination; or a dual inhibitor of both pathways (JAK2/IRAK1), pacritinib. Although all treatments decreased spleen size and partially recovered its architecture, only NF‐κB inhibition, either using BMS‐345541 (alone or in combination) or pacritinib, resulted in a reduction of extramedullary hematopoiesis, bone marrow (BM) fibrosis and osteosclerosis, along with an attenuation of the exacerbated inflammatory state (via IL‐1β and TNFα). However, although dual inhibitor improved anemia and reversed thrombocytopenia, the combined therapy worsened anemia by inducing BM hypoplasia. Both therapeutic options reduced NF‐κB and JAK/STAT signaling in a context of JAK2V617F‐driven clonal hematopoiesis. Additionally, combined treatment reduced both COL1A1 and IL‐6 production in an in vitro model mimicking JAK2‐driven fibrosis. In conclusion, NF‐κB inhibition reduces, in vitro and in vivo, disease burden and BM fibrosis, which could provide benefits in myelofibrosis patients.
Comparison of patient‐reported outcomes and clinical characteristics among patients with pituitary macroadenomas and giant adenomas
Authors: Miller Jessa E. , Chung Hye Rhyn , Uy Benjamin R. , Kosaraju Nikitha , Shih Ryan M. , Ko Myungjun , Esswein Shannon R. , Abiri Arash , Khosravi Pooya , Huck Nolan , Nguyen Cecilia H. , Hsu Timothy , Kim Michael G. , Hsu Frank P. K. , Kim Won , Lee Jivianne K. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Bergsneider Marvin , Kuan Edward C. , Wang Marilene B.
Published: April 2024

Key points

Patients with giant adenomas are more likely to have tumor extension into the paranasal sinuses.

Compared to macroadenomas, giant adenomas are not associated with worse preoperative SNOT‐22 scores.
Japan‐Multimodal Intervention Trial for the Prevention of Dementia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sakurai Takashi , Sugimoto Taiki , Akatsu Hiroyasu , Doi Takehiko , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Hirakawa Akihiro , Kinoshita Fumie , Kuzuya Masafumi , Lee Sangyoon , Matsumoto Nanae , Matsuo Koichiro , Michikawa Makoto , Nakamura Akinori , Ogawa Susumu , Otsuka Rei , Sato Kenji , Shimada Hiroyuki , Suzuki Hiroko , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Takechi Hajime , Takeda Shinya , Uchida Kazuaki , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Wakayama Satomu , Arai Hidenori ,   J‐MINT study group
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION

We examined the efficacy of a multidomain intervention in preventing cognitive decline among Japanese older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

METHODS

Participants aged 65‐85 years with MCI were randomized into intervention (management of vascular risk factors, exercise, nutritional counseling, and cognitive training) and control groups. The primary outcome was changes in the cognitive composite score over a period of 18 months.

RESULTS

Of 531 participants, 406 completed the trial. The between‐group difference in composite score changes was 0.047 (95% CI: −0.029 to 0.124). Secondary analyses indicated positive impacts of interventions on several secondary health outcomes. The interventions appeared to be particularly effective for individuals with high attendance during exercise sessions and those with the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and elevated plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein levels.

DISCUSSION

The multidomain intervention showed no efficacy in preventing cognitive decline. Further research on more efficient strategies and suitable target populations is required.

Highlights

This trial evaluated the efficacy of multidomain intervention in individuals with MCI.

The trial did not show a significant difference in preplanned cognitive outcomes.

Interventions had positive effects on a wide range of secondary health outcomes.

Those with adequate adherence or high risk of dementia benefited from interventions.
Dual Redox Reaction Sites for Pseudocapacitance Based on Ti and −P Functional Groups of Ti3C2PBrx MXene
Authors: Zhu Jiamin , Zhu Shengli , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Wu Shuilin , Xu Wence , Gao Zhonghui , Ba Te , Liang Chunyong , Liang Yanqin , Jiang Hui
Published: April 2024

MXenes have extensive applications due to their different properties determined by intrinsic structures and various functional groups. Exploring different functional groups of MXenes leads to improved performance or potential applications. In this work, we prepared new Ti3C2PBrx (x=0.4–0.6) MXene with phosphorus functional groups (−P) through a two‐step gas‐phase reaction. The acquisition of −P is achieved by replacing bromine functional groups (−Br) of Ti3C2Br2 in the phosphorus vapor. After −Br is replaced with −P, Ti3C2PBrx MXene shows an improved areal capacitance (360 mF cm−2) at 20 mV s−1 compared with Ti3C2Br2 MXene (102 mF cm−2). At a current density of 5 mA cm−2 after 10000 cycles, the capacitance retention of Ti3C2PBrx MXene has not decreased. The pseudocapacitive enhancement mechanism has been discovered based on the dual redox sites of the functional groups −P and Ti.
Electrochemically Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Driven by Alternating Current
Authors: De Bon Francesco , Fantin Marco , Pereira Vanessa A. , Lourenço Bernardino Teresa J. , Serra Armenio C. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Coelho Jorge F. J.
Published: April 2024

Alternating current (AC) and pulsed electrolysis are gaining traction in electro(organic) synthesis due to their advantageous characteristics. We employed AC electrolysis in electrochemically mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (eATRP) to facilitate the regeneration of the activator CuI complex on Cu0 electrodes. Additionally, Cu0 served as a slow supplemental activator and reducing agent (SARA ATRP), enabling the activation of alkyl halides and the regeneration of the CuI activator through a comproportionation reaction. We harnessed the distinct properties of Cu0 dual regeneration, both chemical and electrochemical, by employing sinusoidal, triangular, and square‐wave AC electrolysis alongside some of the most active ATRP catalysts available. Compared to linear waveform (DC electrolysis) or SARA ATRP (without electrolysis), pulsed and AC electrolysis facilitated slightly faster and more controlled polymerizations of acrylates. The same AC electrolysis conditions could successfully polymerize eleven different monomers across different mediums, from water to bulk. Moreover, it proved effective across a spectrum of catalyst activity, from low‐activity Cu/2,2‐bipyridine to highly active Cu complexes with substituted tripodal amine ligands. Chain extension experiments confirmed the high chain‐end fidelity of the produced polymers, yielding functional and high molecular‐weight block copolymers. SEM analysis indicated the robustness of the Cu0 electrodes, sustaining at least 15 consecutive polymerizations.
The synthesis of a novel polymer‐type antistatic agent and its effect on the properties of polypropylene
Authors: Zhao Yaqin , Liu Yangdong , Zhao Haoning , Chen Zhenbin
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a novel polymeric antistatic agent, TMQ, with excellent antistatic properties, low cost, and good compatibility with polypropylene (PP), was prepared from isopentenyl polyoxyethylene ether (TPEG), maleic anhydride (MAH) and homemade quaternary ammonium salt (QAS). The structure is characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR. How the addition of TMQ and the molar ratio of TPEG, QAS, and MAH affect the antistatic, mechanical, and crystalline properties of PP are investigated. The results show that as the feed ratio of TPEG, MAH and QAS is TPEG:MAH:QAS = 1:8:8, the modified PP displays the best overall performances. Further exploring finds out when TMQ is added at 15 wt%, the surface resistivity of PP reduces to 6.78 × 109 Ω/sq and the volume resistivity of PP reduces to 7.9 × 109 Ω cm−1, the notched impact strength and melt index improve by 357% and 991%, respectively, while the tensile strength decreases by 38.6% compared with that of pure PP. Besides, the crystal study shows after TMQ is added, the crystallinity of PP reduces, the melt peak temperature remains essentially unchanged, and the crystallization peak temperature increases slightly. The material has excellent antistatic resistance to washing and durability, and the changes in relative humidity have little effect on its antistatic properties.
Evaluation of the thin film polyimide‐based holographic metasurface inspired leaky‐wave antenna
Authors: Sharma Praveen Kumar , Dzagbletey Philip Ayiku , Chung Jae‐Young
Published: April 2024

The proposed paper presents the design of a leaky‐wave antenna inspired by holographic metasurfaces employing thin film. Leveraging the holographic principle, this metasurface showcases its transformative capacity by converting an omnidirectionally radiating monopole into a highly directional antenna emitting leaky waves. The holographic metasurface is constructed using a thin film of polyimide (PI) (Df = 0.008; Dk = 3.5), measuring 50 μm in thickness. The antenna structure comprises multiple layers, commencing with the top PI layer, succeeded by a 40 μm thick adhesive layer (Df = 0.004; Dk = 6). Subsequent layer includes the Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate (Df = 0.0009; Dk = 2.20), grounded at the bottom and has a thickness of 1.6 mm. The meticulously tailored design of the proposed antenna ensures optimal performance at 15 GHz, facilitating directional radiation and precise beam steering at 10 degrees (ϴ = 10°). This innovative design, incorporating the holographic metasurface on thin film, significantly enhances the antenna's performance, increasing gain from 1.5 dBi to 13.8 dBi.
Influence of Surface Basic Sites and Oxygen Vacancies on the Performance of Metal‐Modified Rod‐Like Ceria Catalysts for Low‐Temperature Hydrolysis of Carbonyl Sulfide
Authors: Zi Shuangyan , Li Kai , Wang Xueqi , Sun Lina , Tian Yu , Huang Bei , Zeng Heping , Ma Yixing
Published: April 2024

This study utilized a hydrothermal method to synthesize various metal‐modified rod‐like ceria catalysts (Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, La), achieving efficient COS removal at low temperatures. The research identified surface oxygen vacancies and basic sites as critical factors that influence the catalytic performance of COS hydrolysis. The addition of different metals to pristine ceria rods increased the specific surface area, oxygen vacancy content (Ov), and basicity, which enhanced the catalysts′ sulfur resistance and stability. Among all the catalysts tested, 10La‐CeO2 demonstrated the highest COS removal rate. This is because La doping significantly augmented Ov, providing more H2O adsorption and activation sites. Furthermore, 10La‐CeO2 showed enhanced Lewis basicity, making it easier for COS to adsorb and promote hydrolysis. The in situ DRIFTS results confirmed that appropriate oxygen vacancies and basic sites favored the formation of intermediates such as HCO3− and HSCO2−, promoting the decomposition of COS into H2S and CO2.
Reductive anti‐Dizincation of Arylacetylenes
Authors: Yamaguchi Haruka , Takahashi Fumiya , Kurogi Takashi , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: April 2024

Arylacetylenes undergo anti‐1,2‐dizincation to afford trans‐1,2‐dizincioalkenes. The process employs sodium dispersion as a reducing agent and zinc chloride TMEDA complex as a reduction‐resistant zinc electrophile. This reductive anti‐dizincation contrasts with the conventional additive syn‐dimetalation like silylzincation. The resulting dizincated alkenes undergo the cross‐coupling to yield multi‐substituted alkenes stereoselectively.
Denkmalkonforme Instandsetzung der Beton‐Glas‐Fenster der St.‐Mauritius‐Kirche
Authors: Kryzhanovskyi Vitalii , Umbach Cristin , Orlowsky Jeanette , Middendorf Bernhard , Auras Michael , Grillich Philipp
Published: April 2024

Die Entwicklung von Instandsetzungssystemen für denkmalgeschützte Betonbauwerke stellt sowohl materialtechnisch als auch ästhetisch eine Herausforderung dar. Der starke Korrosionsfortschritt an den künstlerisch gestalteten Beton‐Glas‐Fensterbändern des Baudenkmals St.‐Mauritius‐Kirche in Wiesbaden macht eine Instandsetzung unumgänglich. Basierend auf Daten zur Bauwerkshistorie und visuellen Inspektionen des Schädigungsgrads wurde ein denkmalkonformer Instandsetzungsansatz entwickelt, um die Lebensdauer der Glaseinfassungen unter den aktuellen Nutzungsbedingungen zu verlängern. Unter Berücksichtigung der Materialverträglichkeit wurden faserverstärkte Mörtel für die Instandsetzung entwickelt. Eine präzise Abstimmung der Materialien untereinander, mit dem Ziel einer optimierten Packungsdichte, ergab ähnliche Gefügedichten wie bei hochfesten oder ultrahochfesten Betonen, während die bauphysikalischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften dem Altbeton angepasst waren. Insbesondere Druck, Biegezug‐ und Haftzugfestigkeit sowie der Elastizitätsmodul, das Schwinden, die Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit und die Wasseraufnahme wurden im Vorfeld untersucht. Es konnte experimentell nachgewiesen werden, dass eine Faserbewehrung die Haftzugfestigkeit des Instandsetzungsmörtels deutlich verbessert und seine Dauerhaftigkeit erhöht.
Targeting genomic receptors in voided urine for confirmation of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Thakur Mathew , Tomar Vivek S. , Dale Emma , Gomella Leonard G. , Solomides Charalambos , Kolesnikov Oleksandr , Keith Scott W. , Navarro Hector T. , Dahlgren Olivia , Chaga Michael , Trabulsi Edouard J.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study is to validate a hypothesis that a non‐invasive optical imaging assay targeting genomic VPAC receptors on malignant cells shed in voided urine will represent either benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatic cancer (PCa). Risk for BPH in men 50–70 years old is 50–70% and PCa is 17%. BPH and PCa can coexist in 20% of men with BPH. Most commonly practiced methods to diagnose BPH do not distinguish BPH from PCa.

Patients (or Materials) and Methods

Males with BPH (N = 97, 60.8 ± 6.3 years, prostate‐specific antigen 0.7 ± 0.4 ng/mL) and without oncologic disease (N = 35, 63.4 ± 5.8 years, prostate‐specific antigen < 1.5 ng/mL) signed informed consent form and provided voided urine. Urine was cytocentrifuged, cells collected on glass slide, fixed, treated with VPAC specific fluorophore TP4303 (Kd 3.1 × 10−8M), washed, incubated with DAPI and observed using a fluorescence microscope. Cells with no VPAC did not fluoresce (BPH) and those with VPAC had red‐orange fluorescence (PCa). Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses for VPAC and NKX3.1 assay for cell origin were performed.

Results

Eighty‐seven subjects were negative for VPAC expression. Positive VPAC expression was noted in 10 subjects. Patient chart review for clinical data on these 10 VPAC positive subjects showed five had nephrolithiasis, three had renal cysts, one had prostatitis and one was being treated with finasteride. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis‐VPAC expressions for 7 normal and 12 BPH subjects were 1.31 ± 1.26 and 0.94 ± 0.89, respectively (P = 0.46). NKX3.1 showed cells of prostate origin for finasteride‐treated patient. Specificity for VPAC urine assay for excluding prostate cancer in this BPH cohort was 88.5%, positive predictive value 0.00% and negative predictive value 100%.

Conclusion

VPAC assay may contribute extensively for BPH diagnosis and warrant continued investigation.
Pharmacokinetic control of orally dosed cyclosporine A with mucosal drug delivery system
Authors: Yamada Kohei , Ristroph Kurt D. , Kaneko Yuuki , Lu Hoang D. , Prud’homme Robert K. , Sato Hideyuki , Onoue Satomi
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to control the oral absorption of cyclosporine A (CsA) with the use of a mucosal drug delivery system (mDDS). Mucopenetrating nanocarriers (MP/NCs) and mucoadhesive nanocarriers (MA/NCs) were prepared by flash nanoprecipitation employing polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) and polystyrene‐block‐poly(N,N‐dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate), respectively. Their particle distribution in the rat gastrointestinal tract were visualized by fluorescent imaging. Plasma concentrations were monitored after oral administration of CsA‐loaded MP/NCs (MP/CsA) and MA/NCs (MA/CsA) to rats. MP/NCs and MA/NCs had a particle size below 200 nm and ζ‐potentials of 4 and 40 mV, respectively. The results from in vitro experiments demonstrated mucopenetration of MP/NCs and mucoadhesion of MA/NCs. Confocal laser scanning microscopic images showed diffusion of MP/NCs in the gastrointestinal mucus towards epithelial cells and localization of MA/NCs on the surface of the gastrointestinal mucus layer. In a pH 6.8 solution, rapid and sustained release of CsA were observed for MP/CsA and MA/CsA, respectively. After oral dosing (10 mg‐CsA/kg) to rats, amorphous CsA powder exhibited a time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of 3.4 h, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of 0.12 μg/mL, and bioavailability of 0.7%. Compared with amorphous CsA powder, MP/CsA shortened Tmax by 1.1 to 2.3 h and increased the bioavailability by 43‐fold to 30.1%, while MA/CsA prolonged Tmax by 3.4 to 6.8 h with Cmax and bioavailability of 0.65 μg/mL and 11.7%, respectively. These pharmacokinetic behaviors would be explained by their diffusion and release properties modulated by polymeric surface modification. The mDDS approach is a promising strategy for the pharmacokinetic control of orally administered CsA.
What's colour got to do with it? A psychometric assessment of Peggy McIntosh's white privilege
Authors: Ehrich John , Woodcock Stuart
Published: April 2024

Peggy McIntosh's (White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondences through work in women's studies, Working Paper 189, Wellesley Center for Research on Women, 1988) list of 50 racial privileges, which purportedly benefit persons of white skin colour, has had enormous impact on social science research and educational curriculum and pedagogy. Surprisingly, to date, no attempt has been made to empirically explore the validity and reliability of her list of racial privileges. To address this issue, we conducted a psychometric analysis on McIntosh's list of racial privileges with 204 adult Australian university students. Using a combination of factor analyses and Rasch modelling on McIntosh's list of racial privileges we identified a 27‐item multidimensional scale consisting of three well‐functioning and reliable subscales (i.e. a 15‐item Racial Representation, a six‐item Social Interaction and a six‐item Culture and Politics subscale). Moreover, the derived multi‐dimensional white privilege instrument was found to have good criterion validity in that persons’ experiences of racism significantly predicted white privilege (i.e. the more racism experienced the less white privilege experienced and vice versa). Finally, analysis of variance comparisons indicated that persons with white skin colour had significantly more white privilege than persons with black skin colour and Asians, while Asians had more white privilege than persons with black skin colour. Overall, this study presents evidence of a psychometrically valid and reliable 27‐item multi‐dimensional white privilege instrument and lends empirical support to the theoretical underpinnings of McIntosh's contentions.
Teaching effects of the online and offline flipped classroom model (FCM) in the post‐epidemic era: Development and feasibility study
Authors: Wang Shumin , Liu Yizhi , Wang Fengze , Zhao Baochang , Gao Lijun , Guo Miao
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development of multimedia technology, the student centered flipped classroom model (FCM) and massive open online courses (MOOCs) have been increasingly introduced and implemented in higher medical education. However, comparative analyses of the offline face‐to‐face FCM and completely online FCM have been rarely reported. In this study, we focused specifically on a set of flipped classrooms in which prerecorded videos were provided before class. Using the Zhihuishu platform as the major online course platform, our team built a MOOC and evaluated the teaching effectiveness of the FCM in both the offline face‐to‐face class and the online electronic live class for medical genetics education. Questionnaires, paper‐based and oral exams were used to collect data on the teaching effects of the different teaching methods. We found that student satisfaction and overall student performance in the offline FCM group was significantly higher than that in the completely online teaching group. Although online FCM allowed students to play back and review anywhere and anytime after class, students taught in offline FCM had a significantly higher degree of knowledge mastery, had a deeper understanding of theoretical knowledge, and were better at knowledge comprehensive application. The effects of their training on genetic disease clinical diagnosis and treatment skills were significantly better, and their capacity for scientific research was also significantly improved. Our research discussed the advantages of the online courses and the problems brought about by using these technologies, and it provided insight into online teaching practices in the era of internet‐based medical education.
Innovating for impact: Proposing quality 4.0 integration to achieve sustainable development goals in microenterprises
Authors: Avilés‐Sacoto Sonia Valeria , Velasco‐Tapia Kenya Cristina , Avilés‐Sacoto Estefanía Caridad , Argüello‐Herrera Juan Ignacio
Published: April 2024

In today's highly competitive global market, companies aim to improve their market position to ensure their competitiveness and survival. The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies constitutes a good approach to enhancing processes and productivity while maintaining high‐quality standards. This is where Quality 4.0 becomes crucial, as it focuses on boosting the quality of organisational processes through the integration of disruptive technologies from Industry 4.0. Furthermore, companies are prioritising implementing environmentally friendly practices in their processes that support sustainable development. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate how the application of Quality 4.0 can ease production improvements with minimal environmental impact while also aligning with sustainable development goals. This article analyses how these initiatives can be used within the food industry, specifically those dedicated to the production and sale of a product, evaluating a microenterprise dedicated to the production of artisanal ice cream. A comprehensive framework is proposed for the adoption of Quality 4.0 and its potential to support sustainable development goals. Using the PDCA cycle, the original situation is evaluated to later recommend strategies and tools to create improvements in the enterprise.
Ventriculo‐arterial uncoupling with an impella assisted HVAD: The p‐D LVAD
Authors: Ashraf Hassan , Patel Manish , Armas Ismael Salas De , Jumean Marwan
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the novel use of a temporary percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD) in a 51‐year‐old man with an implanted durable left ventricular assist device (d‐LVAD). The pre‐existing left ventricular assist device was unable to successfully unload the left ventricle, and the addition of the temporary pVAD achieved successful unloading as well as a decrease in pulmonary artery pressures without compromising the function of the right ventricle allowing safe UNOS listing for orthotopic heart transplantation.
Overexpressed miR‐486 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells represses urethral fibrosis and targets Col13a1 in urethral stricture rats
Authors: Xu Yali , Huang Lihong , Qiu Zhixin , Zhang Jiaqi , Xue Xueyi , Lin Junshan
Published: April 2024

Urethral stricture (US) is a challenging problem in urology and its pathogenesis of US is closely related to the fibrotic process. Previous evidence has indicated the downregulation of microRNA (miR)‐486 in injured urethral specimens of rats. This study aimed to explore the effects of miR‐486‐overexpressed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on US. BMSCs were identified by detecting their multipotency and surface antigens. Lentivirus virus expressing miR‐486 was transduced into rat BMSCs to overexpress miR‐486. Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 induced fibrotic phenotypes in urethral fibroblasts (UFs) and rat models. Western blotting showed protein levels of collagen I/III and collagen type XIII alpha 1 chain (Col13a1). Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was utilized for messenger RNA level evaluation. Hematoxylin‐eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Von Willebrand Factor staining were conducted for histopathological analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was employed for detecting alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression. Luciferase reporter assay verified the interaction between miR‐486 and Col13a1. The results showed that miR‐486‐overexpressed BMSCs suppressed collagen I/III and α‐SMA expression in TGF‐β1‐stimulated UFs. miR‐486‐overexpressed BMSCs alleviated urethral fibrosis, collagen deposition, and epithelial injury in the urethral tissue of US rats. miR‐486 targeted and negatively regulated Col13a1 in US rats. In conclusion, overexpression of miR‐486 in BMSCs targets Col13a1 and attenuates urethral fibrosis in TGF‐β1‐triggered UFs and US rats.