bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bendamustine plus Rituximab Versus R-CHOP as First-Line Treatment for Patients with Follicular Lymphoma Grade 3A: Evidence from a Multicenter, Retrospective Study
Authors: Mondello Patrizia , Steiner Normann , Willenbacher Wolfgang , Cerchione Claudio , Nappi Davide , Mauro Endri , Ferrero Simone , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Mian Michael
Published: January 2018

Background

Rituximab plus bendamustine (R-B) has been demonstrated to improve outcomes and reduce toxicity compared with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (R-CHOP) in follicular lymphoma (FL). Nevertheless, in clinical practice, many centers still prefer R-CHOP to R-B in patients with FL grade 3A (FL3A). Therefore, we retrospectively assessed patients with FL3A treated with either R-CHOP or R-B in five European cancer centers and compared their outcomes.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively assessed 132 patients affected by FL grade 3A treated with either R-B or R-CHOP in the first line and evaluated outcome and toxicity according to the type of treatment. This study included 101 patients who were a subgroup of a previously published cohort.

Results

R-B was less toxic and achieved a similar percentage of complete remissions compared with R-CHOP (97% vs. 96%, p = .3). During follow-up, 10 (16%) patients relapsed after R-B and 29 (41%) after R-CHOP (p = .001), leading to a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 15 versus 11.7 years, respectively (p = .03). Furthermore, R-B overcame the negative prognostic impact of BCL2 expression (15 vs. 4.8 years; p = .001). However, median overall survival was similar between both groups (not reached for both; p = .8).

Conclusion

R-B as a first-line treatment of FL3A is better tolerated than R-CHOP and seems to induce more profound responses, leading to a significantly lower relapse rate and prolonged PFS. Therefore, R-B is a valid treatment option for FL grade 3A.

Implications for Practice

Rituximab plus bendamustine (R-B) has shown to be less toxic and more effective than rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (R-CHOP) in follicular lymphoma grade 3A. Although both regimens can induce a complete remission in >95% of patients, relapses occur more frequently after R-CHOP than R-B, leading to a significantly longer progression-free survival in the latter. R-B is also able to overcome the impact of negative prognosticators, such as BCL2 expression. However, because of the indolent course of this disease and efficient salvage treatments, overall survival was similar in both treatment groups. Therefore, R-B is a valid treatment option in this patient setting.
Characteristics of Real-World Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab During the Year Following Approval
Authors: Khozin Sean , Abernethy Amy P. , Nussbaum Nathan C. , Zhi Jizu , Curtis Melissa D. , Tucker Melisa , Lee Shannon E. , Light David E. , Gossai Anala , Sorg Rachael A. , Torres Aracelis Z. , Patel Payal , Blumenthal Gideon Michael , Pazdur Richard
Published: January 2018

Background

Evidence from cancer clinical trials can be difficult to generalize to real-world patient populations, but can be complemented by real-world evidence to optimize personalization of care. Further, real-world usage patterns of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors following approval can inform future studies of subpopulations underrepresented in clinical trials.

Materials and Methods

We performed a multicenter analysis using electronic health record data collected during routine care of patients treated in community cancer care clinics in the Flatiron Health network. Real-world metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received nivolumab or pembrolizumab in the metastatic setting (n = 1,344) were selected from a starting random sample of 55,969 NSCLC patients with two or more documented visits from January 1, 2011, through March 31, 2016. The primary study outcome measurement was demographic and treatment characteristics of the cohort.

Results

Median age at PD-1 inhibitor initiation was 69 years (interquartile range 61–75). Patients were 56% male, 88% smokers, 65% nonsquamous histology, and 64% diagnosed at stage IV. Of 1,344 patients, 112 (8%) were tested for programmed death-ligand 1 expression. Overall, 50% received nivolumab or pembrolizumab in the second line, with a substantial proportion of third and later line use that began to decline in Q4 2015.

Conclusion

During the year following U.S. regulatory approval of PD-1 inhibitors for treatment of NSCLC, real-world patients receiving nivolumab or pembrolizumab were older at treatment initiation and more had smoking history relative to clinical trial cohorts. Studies of outcomes in underrepresented subgroups are needed to inform real-world treatment decisions.

Implications for Practice

Evidence gathered in conventional clinical trials used to assess safety and efficacy of new therapies is not necessarily generalizable to real-world patients receiving these drugs following regulatory approval. Real-world evidence derived from electronic health record data can yield complementary evidence to enable optimal clinical decisions. Examined here is a cohort of programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor-treated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients in the first year following regulatory approval of these therapies in this indication. The analysis revealed how the real-world cohort differed from the clinical trial cohorts, which will inform which patients are underrepresented and warrant additional studies.
Study of ravelling failure on dense graded asphalt pavement
Authors: You Qinglong , Zheng Nanxiang , Ma Jinglian
Published: January 2018

Ravelling is the loss of bond between aggregates and asphalt binder. This distress is more common in porous asphalt concrete when the voids content is 20% or more. However, premature pavement failure in terms of ravelling on a dense graded asphalt concrete pavement in China occurred within 3 years after the pavement was opened to traffic. The objective of this paper is to determine the cause of this distress. A preliminary investigation did not find evidence of either inadequate design- or construction-related issues. Detailed investigations were undertaken to identify the possible cause of failures. Cores and material samples were also tested in the laboratory. The results indicated that the asphalt mixture at this section fully met the specified requirements of a conventional mixture. The adhesions between binder and aggregate also met the specified requirements and the air void content of the mixture was 5·3%. X-ray diffraction indicated that some aggregates contained illite and kaolinite, which are expansive clays. It was found that this was the primary reason for the distress. Although selection of proper aggregate materials and quantities is standard practice, there is a need to include requirements for contamination by weathered products in the crushed stone.
De salidas y derivas. Anthropological Groove y “la noche” como espacio etnográfico
Authors: Blázquez Gustavo , Liarte Tiloca Agustín
Published: January 2018

Este artículo indaga las cuestiones epistemológicas, metodológicas y éticas de prácticas de investigación etnográfica focalizadas en encuentros festivos nocturnos relacionados con música, baile y erotismo en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. En primer lugar, se analizan los sentidos de “la noche” para los sujetos y se describe la diversidad de “noches” que la conforman. Luego, se recupera el procedimiento de la deriva situacionista para el trabajo de campo. Posteriormente, y a partir de algunas viñetas etnográficas, se reflexiona sobre las posibilidades y límites de la “observación participante” en situaciones que involucran gran exposición corporal y experimentación sensorial, algunas veces de carácter ilegal. Por último, el artículo se pregunta por el Anthropological Blues que según Roberto Da Matta caracterizaría al oficio del etnólogo y propone la construcción de un Anthropological Groove capaz de producir conocimiento a partir de la inmersión en el fluir de las situaciones que forman parte de derivas etnográficas
Del intercambio al interconocimiento: la etnografía ante los hechos invisibles del trabajo político
Authors: Quirós Julieta
Published: January 2018

Con base en un análisis etnográficamente situado sobre procesos electorales recientes en Argentina, este texto contribuye a la comprensión de los modos en que la actividad política produce aquello que sus protagonistas –políticos y especialistas de la política– acostumbran llamar “territorio”. A partir de materiales etnográficos provenientes de contextos disímiles –regiones rurales y metropolitanas del país–, se argumenta a favor de la necesidad de restituir analíticamente la agencia de intensidades variables de relación personal en el desarrollo de la actividad política territorial y, específicamente, en favor de explorar la productividad política implicada en relaciones personales que en el sentido común nativo y académico tienden a considerarse políticamente “débiles”. Se propone así la inclusión, en las agendas de investigación, de las relaciones de interconocimiento en tanto tecnología movilizada por el trabajo político de dirigentes, candidatos y militantes en los procesos de creación de relaciones de representación política, como también en la articulación entre distintas escalas de localidad, Estado y gobierno.
El trabajo de los armadores políticos en Argentina: desafíos, instrumentos y competencias para el detrás de escena
Authors: Gené Mariana
Published: January 2018

Este artículo aborda el carácter multifacético del trabajo político a partir de una investigación sobre los “armadores políticos” desde el regreso a la democracia hasta 2007 en Argentina. Se caracteriza al Ministerio del Interior y las principales tareas que lo hicieron durante mucho tiempo el ministerio político del gabinete nacional y las herramientas de las que dispuso para enfrentar sus principales pruebas. Se conceptualiza además el trabajo de intermediación entre pares realizado por sus miembros desde 1983, puntualizando sus desafíos principales en diferentes períodos históricos, así como los recursos y destrezas valorados para afrontarlos.
Politicalidad siempre
Authors: Chávez Carvajal Hugo
Published: January 2018

Ensayo visual Politicalidad siempre
ON THE PROBLEM OF METAPARADIGMATIC TYPOLOGIZATION OF SOCIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Melnikov A.
Published: January 2018

The paper examines the problem of pluralism in modern paradigmatic conceptualizations of sociological knowledge. The notion of polyparadigmality, main typologies of paradigms, and attempts of their meta-theoretic generalizations are considered. In this context, most attention paid to the existential paradigm as one of the most relevant approaches to the understanding of current social changes. Based on theoretical and historical perspectives, author proposes a structured typology that includes classical, nonclassical and postnonclassical metaparadigms, each of which, in turn, involves certain paradigms. It is shown that the change of meta-paradigms primarily revealed the increase of sociological self-reflection and the adoption of dialectical logic of objectivism, subjectivism and their subsequent synthesis. There is questioning the very necessity of epistemological application of paradigm and meta-paradigm levels, which can be reduced in scale to theories and paradigms accordingly. Main directions of further meta-systematization of sociological knowledge from a perspective of "theoretical minimalism" is outlined. This perspective's methodological strategy described as rooted in the method of the history of sociology, suggesting strict fixation and comprehensive interrelation of constant, essential elements of paradigms. The problem of meta-systematization has also included the differentiation of explicit and implicit divisions of theory comparison, sociological and social criteria of paradigmatic typology, multidimensional model of theoretical dichotomies, and conceptualization of interdisciplinary connections of meta-paradigms (positivism, existentialism, postmodernism, functionalism, etc.).
Régimen de las moratorias en las provincias argentinas de Salta (1825) y Tucumán (1861)
Authors: Levaggi Abelardo
Published: January 2018

Among the benefits of merchants, according to the Regulations of the Consulate of Bilbao from 1737, were waits and acquittances. The fraudulent bankruptcies were not included. The debtor could extrajudicially deal with creditors and then present to the judge or ask the judge that he would meet the creditors and thus deal with them. In both cases the majority decision could force the minority. This system was discussed after the independence. The reason was to protect honest merchants affected by war and other misfortunes, but also to avoid bad faith. The argentine province of Salta (also Buenos Aires and Tucumán) was an example of this situation.
ISLAM NUSANTARA: SEBUAH ARGUMENTASI BERAGAMA DALAM BINGKAI KULTURAL
Authors: Astuti Hanum Jazimah Puji
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe emergence of Islam Nusantara is the typical of Indonesia, where Islam Nusantara is declared as a universal religion, manifested in its teachings including religious law (fiqh), trust (faith), and the ethical (the moral). Although Islam Nusantara gives a new ambience in Islam by assimilating a culture into religion, this method is not contagious to the purity of Islamic teachings by taking Quran and Hadith as the guidances and directions in the Indonesian social life. Islam teaches mutual respect and reciprocal tolerance. This religion teaches the adherents to love others, to mercy and nurture regardless of race, nationality, and social structure. This is in line with the Indonesian Islam commonly called ‘Islam Nusantara’. It can be said that someone who lived in the religion, including people that comprehend the religion intrinsically, occupies religion as a guide of life, applies and practices based on the belief. At the social level, religious values   serve as the basis for adopting a life policy. AbstrakPemunculan Islam Nusantara merupakan ciri khas Indonesia, di mana Islam Nusantara ini di nyatakan sebagai agama yang universal, dimanifestasikan dalam ajarannya, yang mencakup hukum agama (fiqh), kepercayaan (tauhid), serta etika (akhlak). Meskipun Islam Nusantara memberikan nuansa baru dalam beragama Islam dengan memasukkan budaya dalam agamanya, namun cara beragama seperti ini tidak menghilangkan kemurnian ajaran Islam itu sendiri, dengan menjadikan al Quran dan Hadits sebagai pedoman dan tuntunan dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat Indonesia. Dalam beragama, Islam mengajarkan untuk saling menghargai dan saling toleransi, agama yang mengajarkan penganutnya untuk saling menyayangi, mengasihi dan mengayomi tanpa me mandang ras, kebangsaan, serta struktur sosial. Hal ini sejalan dengan Islamnya Indonesia yang biasa disebut ‘Islam Nusantara’. Dapat dikatakan seseorang yang menjalani agama itu, termasuk orang yang menghayati agamanya dengan cara intrinsik, agama dijadikan sebagai pedoman hidup, dijalankan dan diamalkan sesuai dengan keyakinannya. Pada tataran sosial nilai-nilai agama dijadikan sebagai dasar dalam mengambil kebijakan hidup.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN KOTA DI KOMUNITAS LEDHOK TIMOHO BALEREJO MUJAMUJU UMBULHARJO YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe empowerment for poor urban society by TAABAH includes three concepts: objectives, strategies and models of empowerment. The purpose of this study is to describe the concept, implementation and results of the program of empowering the poor urban society by TAABAH in Ledhok Timoho, Balerejo 50/05 Mujamuju RT, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta (DIY). TAABAH was founded as a media and agencies that facilitate social problems experienced by the poor and wanderers in the region of DIY. This research uses qualitative research methods, descriptive by conducting observation toward objects and interpreting the description into words. The results of this research show that the empowerment by TAABAH are firstly in the tangible form such as Gajah Wong school, trash bins and others, and secondly in the intangible form such as the independence character the community based business.AbstrakPemberdayaan masyarakat miskin kota oleh TAABAH ini meliputi tiga konsep: tujuan, strategi dan model–model pemberdayaannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan konsep, implementasi dan hasil program pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin kota oleh TAABAH di Ledhok Timoho, Balerejo RT 50/05 Mujamuju, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta (DIY). TAABAH didirikan sebagai media dan lembaga yang memfasilitasi permasalahan sosial yang dialami kaum miskin kota dan kaum jalanan di wilayah DIY. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu pengamatan suatu obyek dan menginterprestasikannya dalam uraian kata–kata. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh TAABAH yaitu: pertama, hasil berbentuk material seperti adanya Sekolah Gajah Wong, bak sampah dan lain–lain. Kedua, hasil berbentuk kemandirian seperti adanya usaha bagi masyarakat.
Краудфандинг как инновационный инструмент финансирования проектов
Authors: Игошина Ксения Евгеньевна
Published: January 2018

Краудфандинг – один из наиболее перспективных методов финансирования проектов в ближайшем будущем. Этот способ привлечения инвестиций уже занял свою нишу в развитых странах и становится все более популярным в России. В статье проанализирован отечественный рынок краудфандинга, его особенности и тенденции развития, а также изучена деятельность наиболее популярных онлайн-платформ. В работе выявлены особенности данной формы финансирования на национальном рынке и определены перспективы развития.
HFT (высокочастотная торговля): за и против
Authors: Мусаев Эмин Бахариз оглы
Published: January 2018

В течение последних нескольких лет участники финансовых рынков стали активнее использовать современные технологии. HFT-компании, постоянно обновляя техническое оборудование, пытаются максимально оптимизировать свои торговые стратегии. Однако деятельность таких компаний вызывает некоторые споры у остальных участников финансового рынка. В этой работе анализируются положительные и отрицательные стороны HFT.
Análise comparada da descentralização do licenciamento ambiental em municípios dos estados de Minas Gerais e Piauí
Authors: Abreu Emanoele Lima , Fonseca Alberto
Published: January 2018

Apesar do crescente interesse pela municipalização do licenciamento ambiental, poucos estudos científicos com revisão de pares foram publicados sobre esse fenômeno, sobretudo no Nordeste. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar comparativamente experiências de municipalização do licenciamento ambiental em dois municípios no estado do Piauí (Teresina e Água Branca) e dois municípios no estado de Minas Gerais (Belo Horizonte e Betim). Utilizou-se uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa de estudo de casos múltiplos, com dados coletados por meio de análises documentais e de entrevistas estruturadas com representantes de prefeituras. Foram identificadas diferenças significativas, por exemplo, de capacidade institucional e arranjos regulatórios, entre os estados e cidades pesquisados. A qualidade do sistema de licenciamento ambiental nos municípios pode estar relacionada ao porte da administração municipal e às condições socioeconômicas locais, mas estudos adicionais são necessários para confirmar tal situação. De maneira geral, os entrevistados corroboram estudos anteriores que salientam barreiras de recursos humanos e de infraestrutura para a eficiência do licenciamento ambiental local. O artigo conclui com sugestões de estudos futuros.
Percepção de agricultores familiares e empresariais de Tomé-Açu, Pará, Brasil sobre os Sistemas de Agrofloresta
Authors: Pompeu Gisele do Socorro dos Santos , Kato Osvaldo Ryohei , Almeida Ruth Helena Cristo
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo avalia-se a percepção agroflorestal dos agricultores da agricultura familiar e empresarial do município de Tomé-Açu, estado do Pará. A percepção dos agricultores foi importante para construir relações com a natureza durante a implantação e manejo dos sistemas agroflorestais (SAF), no entanto, reconhecemos que essa percepção precisa ser mais bem investigada. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foram realizadas abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, aplicadas entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado, realizadas caminhadas transversais com observação direta e anotações em um diário de campo. Analisaram-se os dados pela estatística descritiva no programa SPSS 19.0. As percepções dos agricultores sobre os SAF são distintas. O caráter ambiental é considerado pelos agricultores familiares, devido sua visão histórico-cultural de manejo dos sistemas e por identificarem a necessidade de sombreamento e valorização dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Já os agricultores empresariais baseiam-se em observações econômicas. Diante das análises, ressaltamos que o apoio da Cooperativa Agrícola Mista de Tomé-Açu (Camta), Associação dos Produtores e Produtoras Rurais da Agricultura Familiar do Município de Tomé-Açu (Apprafamta) e instituições de ensino e pesquisa é importante na difusão da informação e intercâmbio de experiências para a transição agroecológica.
"Empregos verdes" na região do Pantanal brasileiro
Authors: Castelao Raul Asseff , Souza Celso Correia de , Frainer Daniel Massen , Neto Jose Francisco dos Reis
Published: January 2018

A região do Pantanal, considerado patrimônio natural mundial e reserva da biosfera pela Unesco possui, ao mesmo tempo, o desenvolvimento de diversas atividades que podem proteger e agredir o meio ambiente. Nesse contexto, a preocupação em se ter o desenvolvimento dessas atividades de forma equilibrada com o meio ambiente tem sido uma constante para a região. Uma das ferramentas para que isso possa ocorrer é o emprego da economia verde. Neste artigo, mensuramos os “empregos verdes” na região do Pantanal entre os anos de 2002 a 2015, a partir dos dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais – Rais do Ministério do Trabalho. Identificamos que o número de “empregos verdes” na região do Pantanal diminuiu entre os anos de 2002 a 2015. Contudo, existe uma esperança de melhorias, pois o número de empregos com tendência de proteção ao meio ambiente cresceu no mesmo período.
Vulnerabilidade e gênero:
Authors: Soares Denise
Published: January 2018

Neste trabalho apresentamos uma reflexão sobre vulnerabilidade - gênero - risco de desastres e umestudo de caso no município de San Felipe, costa de Yucatán-México, sobre as percepções de homense mulheres quanto à capacidade institucional e da população para enfrentar os riscos de desastres porfuracões, desde uma perspectiva de gênero. Para conhecer as percepções sociais locais, utilizaram-seos métodos de sondagem e entrevistas com informantes-chave e os resultados encontrados mostrama existência de graves problemas nas instituições municipais responsáveis pela gestão de riscos dedesastres e pela promoção de processos de maior igualdade de gênero, bem como a necessidade defortalecer as capacidades sociais e institucionais na gestão de riscos com equidade de gênero.
Gestión de la diversidad en escuelas chilenas de frontera
Authors: Bustos González Raúl Antonio , Díaz Aguad Alfonso
Published: January 2018

Este artículo explora el modelo de gestión de la diversidad que se observa en las representacio­nes de las prácticas docentes y que manifestó un grupo de profesores de alumnos inmigrantes en Arica, ciudad de la frontera chilena con Perú y Bolivia. Utilizando un enfoque cualitativo y a través de entrevistas en profundidad y el análisis de contenido, se ha podido advertir la inexis­tencia de medidas inclusivas en el aula, lo que los docentes justifican con el argumento de que su deber es tratar por igual a todos los estudiantes, demostrando así una postura asimilacionista ante la diversidad.
Informales de uniforme: trabajadoras de salones de belleza en Santiago, Chile
Authors: Palacios Ruiz de Gamboa Rosario
Published: January 2018

Este artículo examina la forma en que la economía del trabajo flexible afecta a un grupo de trabajadoras de salones de belleza en Santiago, Chile. A este no se le da contrato laboral y se le paga como si brindara un servicio independiente, aunque en realidad dependa de las reglas que le imponen los jefes. Dicho tipo de empleo corresponde a un nuevo arreglo en el contexto de la informalidad urbana y tiene implicancias presentes y futuras respecto de la seguridad social y la incertidumbre. Con base en la observación etnográfica en cuatro salones de belleza, se describe cómo la creencia corporeizada de ser una trabajadora independiente ayuda a enactar muchos de los atributos requeridos por la economía del trabajo flexible.
Infraestructuras de paz y estatalidad en Colombia
Authors: Uribe López Mauricio
Published: January 2018

Este artículo presenta un análisis del vínculo entre construcción de paz y construcción de Es­tado, apelando a las infraestructuras de paz como mecanismo articulador de ambos procesos a nivel territorial. Para ello, discute brevemente dos enfoques tecnocráticos de la construcción de paz: paz liberal y su giro institucional. El principal argumento es que las infraestructuras de paz articuladas a la gobernanza territorial resultan más apropiadas para promover sinergias entre construcción de paz y construcción estatal y que ellas brindan una perspectiva emancipadora y sostenible de la transición hacia la paz en Colombia.
Los sentidos de la rendición de cuentas en el discurso educativo
Authors: Fernandez Gonzalez Noelia , Monarca Héctor
Published: January 2018

Las palabras pueden ser entendidas como sistemas o categorías que promueven significados sobre la realidad social y la construyen. Esto se evidencia con ciertos conceptos que se vuelven relevantes en determinados momentos y contextos. Este es el caso de rendición de cuentas, un término que al usarse en el campo educativo oculta las disputas simbólicas subyacentes sobre sus significados y las que tienen lugar en los sistemas que le dan existencia. Es por eso que en este texto se reflexiona acerca de los sentidos que dicho concepto asume en el discurso y en las políticas educativas, lo mismo que sobre sus efectos pedagógicos; se indaga además respecto de su aceptación y naturalización en el campo educativo.
The Change of the Hospital Architecture from the Early Part of 20th Century to Nowadays: An Example of Konya
Authors: Aydin Dicle
Published: January 2018

The hospitals that served in the name of â€˜darussifaâ€™ in Seljuk Empire period in Anatolia continued their service during Ottoman Empire period. The health institutions in different areas in Ottoman period were replaced by â€˜Gureba hospitalsâ€™ in 19th century. The change in Anatolia was realised, after the declaration of the Republic and with the development of its economy, and lived in every area; hospital buildings were constructed first as â€˜Gureba hospitalsâ€™ then as â€˜country hospitalsâ€™ in Anatolia cities like Konya after the big cities like Ä°stanbul, Ankara and Ä°zmir. In this study, the change and development of the hospital architecture in Konya are discussed and the change from â€˜Gureba hospitalâ€™ of early 20th century to the todayâ€™s stateaffiliated comprehensive research hospitals is illustrated. The change of hospitals is evaluated via bed capacity, building size and formal differentiations. Keywords: Hospital architecture, change of hospitals, Konya, Anatolia.
A Comparative Study Concerning Airlines Logos
Authors: Adir Victor
Published: January 2018

This paper is a study concerning the design of airlines logos all over the world, that is, what symbols, signs and colours are used to create this special identity. This study, which was realised on a hundred airlines, revealed interesting facts related to the main principles that govern the logo design. We were interested to see if special drawings that express a company are related to the represented country, because we found a lot of similarity in this. In the centre of the study was the logo, as an important graphic element to identify an airline company. We identified the typology of logos, known as iconic, logotype and complex logos. This paper is a plea for this wonderful graphic element, that is, the Logo. Keywords: Airline, logo design, typology, symbol, logotype.
Art of Facilitating â€˜Problem-Driven Outcomesâ€™ in an Architectural Design Studio
Authors: Ramaraj Arulmalar
Published: January 2018

Studies reveal that subjective knowledge and irrational creativity dominate architectural design studios in the current scenario. With an intention to facilitate â€˜problem-driven outcomesâ€™ in a design studio, we framed a series of tasks specific to the framed design problem planned. The tasks were introduced sequentially at the beginning of design studio. For this purpose, a design problem with a time frame of 12 weeks of focusing on â€˜multifunctional spacesâ€™ was introduced to two groups of students pursuing second-year architecture To examine the effectiveness of the strategy, 39 students participated voluntarily in framed tasks like â€˜story boardsâ€™, â€˜reels to realityâ€™, â€˜collageâ€™ and â€˜dialogue between known and unknown contextâ€™ to construct appropriate knowledge. Triangulation of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the emergent outcomes processes from three different perspectives was investigated. The performances of the two groups display a stark difference in problem structuring, design processes and the outcomes. Keywords: Art, facilitate, effectiveness, design studio, problem-driven outcome.
Scale: New Strategies in Site-Specific Art
Authors: Tanyildizi Seda Ozen
Published: January 2018

Today, one of the crucial issues for discussions on site-specific art is scale. The journey of site-specific art, starting with a quite minimal insertion into an empty gallery space is now institutionalised according to utterly different aims, sometimes involving enormous dimensions. However, to discuss the subject of â€˜site-specific artâ€™ only with regard to high-budget projects of major institutions would mean ignoring the large group of artists who work outside these controversial circumstances, employ physical features of a site as a tool to convey their artistic approaches, and do not make compromises in the face of institutional pressure. This study analyses new alternatives regarding site-specific art today and reviews these examples through the recent popular issue of scale, considering the necessity for artists to make compromises in line with the demands of institutions or viewers. The data were collected via questionnaires and interviews, with artists who live and work in Berlin. Keywords: Site-specific art, scale, public art.
Street Graffiti and Residentsâ€™ Attitude: Izmir City
Authors: Umdu Duygu Cinar
Published: January 2018

Humanity has always been in a struggle to express itself to others. They conveyed through marks and symbols on cave walls, head stones, clay tablets and papyrus before the invention of writing and society. Today urban areas and especially streets are places that carry social marks first-hand. They retain these semiotic signs and become a collective of symbols that link the past to the present and future. Graffiti, which is a part of such communication, is the way people express emotions and ideas to society through symbols. In this study, the attitude of the residents in Izmir City about graffiti, whether they see it as an art form or visual pollution, is studied. A survey was applied to 100 citizens, including fieldwork, photo-shoots and interviews done with 20 people. Part of the graffiti in Izmir urban identity is determined and the results are presented. Keywords: Graffiti, residentâ€™s attitude, Izmir.
The Evaluation of 20th Century Architecture in Konya in the Context of Modern Architecture Heritage
Authors: Yaldiz Esra
Published: January 2018

Understanding about conservation is limited to â€˜monumentâ€™ or â€˜old work of artâ€™ in the past compared with todayâ€™s new concepts like â€˜historical and cultural heritageâ€™, â€˜heritage of modern architectureâ€™ and â€˜heritage of industryâ€™. Turkeyâ€™s 20th century modern architecture was started with the early modernism buildings constructed all over Turkey, especially in Ankara and Ä°stanbul in the first years of the Republic. This period includes all the works of architecture that were produced until the late 1980s, carrying the traces of modern movement, rationalist, purist, transparent, reinterpreting the traditional architectural values by means of modern material and seeking of independent form. In this study, the Mevlana Axis between Alaaddin Hill and the historical city centre and the works of architecture in the modernisation period between the early 1900s and 1980s on this axis, contribute to the city identity and handled in the context of modern architectural heritage are evaluated. Keywords: Modern architecture heritage, evaluation criteria, Konya.
Emotive Form Design
Authors: Curralo Ana Filomena
Published: January 2018

Emotions are recognised as vital for human wellbeing and happiness, so are objects. However, studies on the practical use of emotions in product design remain limited. This academic project promoted the pedagogical encounter between emotions/dyads and the morphology/shape of products, based on the Plutchikâ€™s Emotion Wheel. The purpose is to improve and develop future designersâ€™ awareness of the emotive character of forms. In a visual thinking exercise, first-year students chose eight basic emotions to develop the forms of an â€˜emotional chairâ€™, drawing with pencil and paper to allow visual thinking and interpretation. The findings suggest that the Emotion Wheel is useful to reflect and manipulate forms to convey meaning, helping designers understand how to use emotive shapes for idea development and decision-making in the design process. This paper can contribute to teaching product design targeting emotional products, and offers guidance on how to evoke positive emotions through products. Keywords: Product design, drawing, emotions, forms.
Over Thousands: Ai Weiwei and Antony Gormley in Ceramic Perspective
Authors: Canbolat Ayse
Published: January 2018

Mass production that started with the Industrial Revolution, and the art movements that successively appeared with modernism and the psychological pressure of World Wars I and II affected the artistâ€™s way of expression. This development process in art started with Dada, and was followed by Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Conceptual Art and Neorealism. During this period, the perception of uniqueness of an artwork was surpassed an an object or item from daily life started to be exhibited in art galleries. Artworks were made using an object in a composition, and this tendency started to be used by artists. Two artists who made their projects in ceramics are chosen in the research, and it is discussed why they used thousands of objects, and the conceptual perception of the work through the examples of â€˜Sunflower Seedsâ€™ by Chinese artist Ai Weiwei and â€˜Field in the British Islesâ€™ by English artist Antony Gormley. Keywords: Ceramic art, Ai Weiwei, Antony Gormley, installation, thousands.
Lowbrow Art Movement as a Subculture Art and its Effects on Visual Design
Authors: Bilgi Irem
Published: January 2018

Beginning in Los Angeles, California, in the 1970s, and also known as pop surrealism, the Lowbrow art movement was born as a part of punk music, comic books, street and skateboard cultures and is seen in all fields of art. This study is the reflection of the Lowbrow art movement on visual design fields such as illustration graphic design and typography, animation and designer toys. Lowbrow artists were difficult to be adopted in the arts and design fields in the first years of the movement, because they did not have a diploma in fine arts and came from the street culture. But in recent years, Lowbrow artists have proved themselves and have begun to produce art and design works that are exhibited in different fields. The aim of this study is to emphasise the importance of Lowbrow art, which is seen as a subculture today. Keywords: Lowbrow, pop surrealism, street art, illustration, designer toy, subculture, visual design.
Arjuna Visualizations in Three Javanese Wayang
Authors: Rina Ratna Cahaya
Published: January 2018

Arjuna, the third Pandava character in Mahabharata story which originated from India, has different characterisation when it spreads and develops in Java, Indonesia. This character is lovely, delicate, loves to dress up, smart in smooth talking, though mentioned as the most masculine character in the story. In the three different Wayang theaters which play the Mahabharata story such as Wayang Kulit (shadow puppet), Wayang Beber (illustrations on scroll-painted fabrics) and Wayang Wong (theatrical performance by humans), there is a distinct pattern to visualise Arjuna masculinity. The purpose of the research is to show how those three Wayangs visualise Arjunaâ€™s masculinity. In doing so, we observe the artefact of Arjuna character in Wayang Kulit, Wayang Beber, and costume worn by Arjuna cast in Wayang Wong. The result shows that those three Wayang have a similar strategy to visualise Arjuna, they tend to emphasise on the physical subtlety of Arjuna, the softness of his behaviour and speech. It seems that to convey the masculinity of Arjuna, and there is a consistency to visualise it similar to the characteristic of a woman. Keywords: Arjuna, visualisation, character, Wayang, Javanese
Growth performance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus cultured in biofloc system at high stocking density
Authors: Soedibya Petrus Hary Tjahja , Pramono Taufik Budhi , Listiowati Emyliana
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT This study was aimed to analyze the growth performance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus cultured in the biofloc system at high stocking density. African catfish with an average weight of 1.85±0.09 g were cultured in four units of tarpaulin tank at a diameter of 1.72 m and a height of 1.05 m with a volume of ±2,000 L at the different density of 1,000 fish/m3; 1,500 fish/m3; 2,000 fish/m3; 2,500 fish/m3. During rearing period, fish were given the artificial feed with protein contents of 28.75% with the frequency of twice a day, as much as 3% of the body weight. The results showed that different treatment of high stocking density in the biofloc system had a significant effect on the absolute growth rate, lipid retention and energy retention (P<0.05) but not significant effect on daily growth rate. The results showed that the highest lipid retention and energy retention were found in the group of fish treated at a stocking density of 2,500 fish/m3 but declining protein retention and growth in fish occurred. The highest absolute growth rate and daily growth rate were shown by treatment with a stocking density of 1,500 fish/m3. Keywords: growth, stocking density, biofloc   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performa pertumbuhan ikan lele dumbo Clarias gariepinus yang dipelihara pada sistem bioflok dengan padat penebaran tinggi.  Ikan uji memiliki berat rata-rata 1,85±0,09 g yang dipelihara pada kolam terpolin berdiameter 1,72 m dan tinggi 1,05 m dengan volume air ±2.000 L sebanyak empat unit dengan kepadatan yang berbeda yaitu 1.000 ekor/m3, 1.500 ekor/m3, 2.000 ekor/m3, 2.500 ekor/m3. Selama 40 hari masa pemeliharaan, ikan diberi pakan buatan berkadar protein 28,75% dengan frekwensi dua kali sehari, sebanyak 3% dari berat tubuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perbedaan padat penebaran tinggi pada sistem bioflok memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, retensi lemak dan retensi energi (P<0,05) namun tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertmbuhan harian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi padat penebaran terjadinya peningkatan retensi lemak dan retensi energi yaitu pada perlakuan padat penebaran 2.500 ekor/m3 tetapi terjadi penurunan nilai retensi protein dan pertumbuhan pada ikan. Nilai pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan dengan padat penebaran 1.500 ekor/m3.    Kata kunci: pertumbuhan, padat tebar, bioflok
Has China’s Health Sector Development Matched the Rapid Growth in the Country?
Authors: Tripane Marta
Published: January 2018

China is the world's largest country by population, the third largest by territory and the second largest world’s economy by GDP. Therefore it is important to follow the successes and failures of China in the field of health, because they affect the health area and processes in the world. This article includes retrospective analysis of empirical data to analyze the main inputs and outputs of China's health policy in order to identify the main problems and highlight the major challenges. In the article is concluded that main problems are related with insufficient and unequal access to health care.
The Level of Coverage of Dog Vaccination Against Rabies in Moiben Sub-County, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Tuwei Philip Kipchoge , Kariuki Stephen Mwaura
Published: January 2018

Background: Dog bites and subsequent transmission of rabies virus continue to be a public health threat in some parts of the world. While prophylaxis has proven successful in limiting transmission of rabies virus, dog vaccination coverage has been far below the WHO-recommended level of 75% in many parts, particularly in Africa and Asia. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the level of dog vaccination coverage in Moiben Subcounty of Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study also sought to investigate the reasons for possible low dog vaccination coverage. Methodology: The dog owners were interviewed using structured questionnaires on whether they had their dogs vaccinated, the frequency of vaccination and the number of dogs maintained per household. The respondents were also interviewed on whether their dogs were confined or not and whether they had bitten residents or not. Data was entered into SPSS version 22 of 2013 for analysis. The data was analyzed using chi square and the statistical significance determined at critical p-value of 0.05 and 0.01 in some cases. Results: The coverage of dog vaccination against rabies virus in Moiben Sub-county, Uasin Gishu County was found to be 19.5% (130/666). The number of dogs that had not been vaccinated were 536 out of 666 accounting for 80.5% of the sample in this study. It was established that 32.7% of dogs kept in singles per household and 5.9% of dogs kept in more than 4 dogs per household were vaccinated. The findings show that number of dogs kept by each household is significantly associated (X²=32.2) with the level of vaccination coverage. We also found that a total of 351 (54.6) children below 15 years were the majority who had been bitten by dogs (X² =26.3, p= 0.01) while the least bitten were those above 46 years of age. It was also established that the unconfined dogs (487/75.7%) significantly bit more people than those that were partially confined (X² =12.9, p= 0.01) Conclusion and Recommendation: The dog vaccination coverage at 19.5% in Moiben Subcounty is far below the 75% level recommended by the WHO. The frequency of dog vaccination was found to be once a year among some dog owners, twice among a few others, and once in the life-time of the dog among some dog owners. There was an inverse proportionality between vaccination frequency and the number of dogs owned per household. Dog confinement limits dog bites and hence should be enforced among dog owners. This study recommends that households in Moiben Sub-county keep the number of dogs that they can manage with regards to vaccination to be able to control rabies virus transmission. The county government of Uasin Gishu should move with speed to make and implement a policy on dog ownership to regulate the number of dogs owned per household.
Activité Anti-Hyperglycémiante Et Élucidation Structurale Des Composés Isolés Des Feuilles De Spondias Purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Diatta Armel , Manga Anastasie , Gassama Abdoulaye , Lavaud Catherine
Published: January 2018

Spondias purpurea L. (Anacardiaceae) is a Senegalese traditional pharmacopoeia plant, which leaves are used in the treatment of various diseases. The leaves’ ethanolic extract exhibited antihyperglycemic activity on models of temporary hyperglycemia. The tests were performed on normoglycemic rats with a glucose tolerance test. The phytochemical investigation of the leaves resulted in the isolation of four flavonoids (quercetin 9, kaempferol 10, quercetin-3- ß-glucopyranoside 6, kaempferol3-ß-galactopyranoside 8), five phenolic compounds (2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 5, protocatechic 4-ß-glucoside acid 1, hydroxycynnamic acid 7, 5-caffeoylquinic acid 3) and one tannin (Strictinin 4). The known isolated compounds were characterized by NMR and massspectrometry. The present study constitutes the first phytochemical examination of the leaves and the anti-hyperglycemic activity of the ethanolic extract of Spondias Purpurea L.
Hernies Ombilicales Étranglées De L’enfant Au Centre Hospitalier Régional De Ziguinchor (Sénégal)
Authors: Cheikh Diouf , Omar Sow , Ibrahima Diallo , Aby Ndoye Ndeye , Gabriel Ngom
Published: January 2018

The umbilical hernia is a well-known pathology even though, its strangulation has been subject to much controversy. The aim of this work is to report our experience in the management of strangulated hernia of the child at the Ziguinchor regional hospital and to compare our results with those of the literature through a retrospective and descriptive study over a four years period. During the study period 24 patients with high male predominance were received. The mean age of the patients was 2.1 years. 45% of patients had a chronic cough. The average time for consultation was 27.6 hours. A notion of abdominal abrupt was found in 45% of the cases. The vast majority of patients arrived at the hospital during the dry season. Abdominal pain and vomiting were the main symptoms. An occlusive syndrome was present in about half of the patients. The diameter of the collar of the hernia varied between 1.5 and 2.5 cm and no intestinal necrosis was found during exploration. The surgery was simple in the majority of cases. Umbilical hernia is a reality in under-developed environment some factors promotes its complications.
Traitement Chirurgical Des Eventrations Abdominales Avec Pose De Prothese: Experience A Court Terme Du Chu Yalgado Ouedraogo
Authors: Cyprien Zaré , Sékou Traoré , Edgard Ouangré , Hermann Belemlilga , Maurice Zida , Ibrahim Traoré Alain
Published: January 2018

Title: Surgical management of abdominal incisional hernia with mesh placement: short- term experience of the University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo Introduction: The incisional hernia repair has several variants depending on the implantation site of the mesh. It may be intraperitoneal, preperitoneal, pre-mucosal or pre-musculoskeletal. Objective: The aim of the work was to report at short term the experience of the general and digestive surgery service of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Center for the surgical management of abdominal incisional hernia with mesh placement in retro-muscular prefascial Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study with a review of the files and a survey of 17 patients operated on for voluminous abdominal incisional hernia (diameter greater than 10 cm) from September 1, 2014 to August 31, 2015. Results: The mean duration of hospitalization was 7 days with extremes of 4 and 15 days. The dressings lasted on average 7 days with extremes of 4 and 15 days. The suction drains remained in place on average 8.56 days with extremes of 5 and 14 days and the mean duration of the abdominal wall contusion was 24.5 days with extremes of 10 and 40 days. The early postoperative complications were minor: 8 seromas, 1 hematomas, 1 superficial infection of the wall. Patients were followed for an average duration of 9.47 months with extremes of 4 and 14 months. The complications during this period were: 3 minor residual pain (limited to the scar) and 1 recurrence. Thirteen patients (76.5%) were satisfied with the intervention. Mortality was zero. Conclusion: Short time complications related to the surgical management of abdominal incisional hernia with mesh placement in retro-muscular prefascial in CHUYO are mainly minor.