bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A National Study of Oncology Nurses Discussing Cancer Clinical Trials With Patients
Authors: Flocke Susan A. , Nock Nora L. , Fulton Sarah , Margevicius Seunghee , Manne Sharon , Meropol Neal J. , Daly Barbara J.
Published: February 2019

In the United States less than 10% of cancer patients engage in clinical trials. Although most oncology nurses have multiple opportunities to discuss clinical trials with patients, barriers including attitudes and social norms may impede these discussions. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, we developed and evaluated measures for attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control of nurses for discussing clinical trials with cancer patients. Of the 18,000 Oncology Nurse Society members invited, 1,964 completed the survey. Structural equation modeling and internal consistency reliability were used to evaluate items and constructs. We found that overall model fit and reliability was good: Confirmatory Fit Index (CFI) = 0.91, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05; attitudes, 21 items, alpha = 0.84; perceived behavioral control, 10 items, alpha = 0.85; and subjective norms, 9 items, alpha = 0.89. These measures of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control show good reliability and initial evidence of validity.
No teleworker is an island: The impact of temporal and spatial separation along with media use on knowledge sharing networks
Authors: van der Meulen Nick , van Baalen Peter , van Heck Eric , Mülder Sipko
Published: February 2019

Despite its prevalence, there is a lack of understanding regarding the effect of telework on an organization’s knowledge base. Recognizing the enabling role of electronic communication media, this article therefore addresses the interaction effects of media synchronicity and temporal as well as spatial separation among colleagues on sharing in knowledge networks. Special attention is paid to knowledge awareness (a form of metaknowledge representing “who knows what”) as well as homogeneous and heterogeneous knowledge sources to further explicate the relationship between coworker separation and knowledge sharing. Multiple surveys were placed between two smaller ethnographic investigations and combined with whole network data to form an in-depth study of 64 knowledge workers at a medium-sized European research and advisory organization. The results reveal that spatial separation directly reduces the frequency of knowledge sharing between colleagues, whereas temporal separation affects knowledge sharing through reduced knowledge awareness, resulting in lower job and proactive performance. The use of asynchronous media can serve to mitigate most of the negative effects of spatial separation on knowledge sharing but may also exacerbate the negative effect of temporal separation on teleworkers’ knowledge awareness of colleagues with identical expertise.
A Theology of Rest: Sabbath Principles for Ministry
Authors: Gallagher Luisa J.
Published: February 2019

This article argues that a theology of rest is an essential component in the training of ministry professionals. The practice of Sabbath rest is a balm for the contemporary issues of emotional exhaustion, prolonged stress, and burnout that many full-time and lay ministers experience during their ministry career. Developing a robust theology of rest and Sabbath rhythm will equip ministry professionals to create sacred space for God, contributing to longevity of ministry and holistic rest.
Bioactive poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres with tunable open pores as microcarriers for tissue regeneration
Authors: Zhou Anmin , Ye Zhaoyang , Zhou Yan , Tan Wen-song
Published: February 2019

Microparticles with porous structure can be applied as microcarriers for both cell culture and tissue regeneration. While well-controlled pore structure represents a critical challenge to be achieved. In the present study, in order to develop microcarriers for cell culture, a series of poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres were fabricated with varied macroporous structures. Poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres were prepared via the integration of the emulsion/solvent evaporation and particle leaching mechanisms. Particularly, by adjusting poly(ε-caprolactone) concentration and the ratio between the porogen paraffin and poly(ε-caprolactone), the microspheres with the pore size of 25.6–84.0 μm and the porosity of 57.4–75.5% were obtained. Further, the microspheres were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis, followed by surface coating with hydroxyapatite. These porous poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres with surface modification well supported the adhesion and growth of human fibroblasts. Together, bioactive poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres with controlled pore structure are potential to be applied in cell culture and tissue regeneration.
Escaping unintended collusion in MBA programmes in China
Authors: Hui Pamsy Pun Zee , Chiu Warren C.K. , Pang Elvy , Coombes John
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this article is to examine the problem of possible but unintended collusion between business schools and their Master of Business Administration (MBA) students, specifically as it relates to the recent need to promote ethical behaviour in business practice in a global context. The focal point of the article is on the relationship between MBA programmes and candidates in the context of guanxi in modern business and political environments. The article revisits the concept of guanxi philosophically and connects it to social responsibility and moral obligation in business education. The authors contend that guanxi may have been interpreted too loosely as networking, thus fostering an approach that ignores the important moral dimensions of the concept. The more philosophical approach, which includes such concepts as moral obligation, is recommended to safeguard the integrity of recruiting, student–teacher development, and the coursework of MBA programmes in the People’s Republic of China. In considering the practical implications, the article covers the re-examination of guanxi as a moral concept, the judicious application of caution when considering applicants based on their work experience, the use of free and independent academic judgment when questionable decisions and behaviours occur, and the open discussion of ethical decision-making in course activities.
Evaluation and prediction of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer cable anchorage for large capacity
Authors: Feng Bo , Wang Xin , Wu Zhishen
Published: February 2019

Aiming to address the problems of stress concentration on conical wedge anchorage, a fiber-reinforced polymer cable anchorage with segmental variable stiffness of the load transfer medium was proposed. The key parameters that affect the anchorage behavior were investigated. The mechanical properties of the carbon fiber–reinforced polymer tendon and load transfer medium were tested. The failure mode, anchoring efficiency, stress, and displacement in the anchor zone were studied. The parameter optimization was performed using an experimentally verified finite element simulation. The parameters of the anchorage system with large capacity were evaluated. The results demonstrate that the compressive strength of the load transfer medium is the designed stress limit for the anchorage system. The cable does not slip or become damaged in the anchor zone, and the anchoring efficiency reaches 91%. The distribution of the shear and radial stress on the cable surface is smooth, and the stress concentration is greatly relieved. The result of the finite element simulation is consistent with the experimental values when the friction coefficient is 0.15, and the material and geometric parameters of the anchorage system with cable forces of 5000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 kN are suggested. The geometric parameters of the anchor system with diverse cable capacity can be preliminarily designed based on the fitting equations.
Study of wind–vehicle–bridge system of suspended monorail during the meeting of two trains
Authors: Bao Yu-long , Xiang Huo-yue , Li Yong-le , Yu Chuan-jin , Wang Yi-chao
Published: February 2019

Based on the theories of aerodynamics, bridge dynamics, and vehicle dynamics, the aerodynamic performances and the vibration characteristics of the wind–vehicle–bridge coupling system of two suspended monorail trains passing each other are analyzed. First, a wind model is presented with spectral representation method, the aerodynamic coefficients of bridge and vehicles before and after meeting are obtained through computational fluid dynamic method, and wind tunnel tests are conducted to verify the aerodynamic coefficients. Then, a vehicle dynamic model and a bridge dynamic model are established with the multi-body dynamic method and finite element method. Finally, a three-dimensional wind–vehicle–bridge coupled vibration model is established in this article using the multi-body dynamic software SIMPACK. The effects of average wind and fluctuating wind on the wind–vehicle–bridge system are studied. It is shown that the aerodynamic coefficients vary greatly under different combinations of vehicle–bridge system. The responses of the leeward vehicle change abruptly at the beginning and the end of the meeting of the two trains. And the mean wind speed has a great negative contribution to the acceleration of leeward vehicle. The lateral responses of suspended monorail vehicle are sensitive to the fluctuating wind. The roll angle of vehicle is presented for describing the running safety of the suspended monorail vehicles.
America's Crowded Statehouses: Measuring and Explaining Lobbying in the U.S. States
Authors: Strickland James
Published: February 2019

Across the United States over time, numbers of registered interest groups have continued to increase, but these populations mask the total amount of lobbying that is occurring within America's statehouses. Among registered interests, average numbers of hired lobbyists have increased markedly since the late 1980s. This study both quantifies this increase and identifies a set of causal variables. Previous studies have proposed a variety of short-term, political and long-term, institutional factors that govern rates of lobbying. Using a new data set spanning multiple decades, I find that changes in lobbying can largely be ascribed to institutional variables, including the implementation of term limits and regulations on lobbying. Lobby regulations, one-party dominance, and legislative expenditures also appear to play a role in determining rates of multiclient lobbying. Direct democracy and state spending do not affect the hiring of lobbyists by registered interest groups.
Hesperidin improves the follicular development in 3D culture of isolated preantral ovarian follicles of mice
Authors: Shoorei Hamed , Banimohammad Majid , Kebria Maziar M , Afshar Mohammad , Taheri Mohammad MH , Shokoohi Majid , Farashah Mohammad SG , Eftekharzadeh Mina , Akhiani Omid , Gaspar Robert , Pazoki-Toroudi Hamidreza
Published: February 2019

In vitro follicular culture systems provide optimal culture models for research about the physiology of the ovary and support the clinical practices to achieve competent mature oocytes for in vitro fertilization. In vitro maturation of preantral follicles makes it possible to study the effects of therapeutic agents on various conditions or disorders of the ovary. Nowadays, preventive bioflavonoids against cancer, hypercholesterolemia, fatty liver, or a variety of toxic agents are in focus. The aim of this study was to design and investigate the impacts of different concentrations of hesperidin, a glycoside flavonoid, on the in vitro preantral follicle growth and maturation in the three-dimensional (3D) culture system which was made with sodium alginate. Preantral follicles (n = 1363) were mechanically isolated from immature mice ovaries, then, after capsulating, they were randomly divided into four groups: the control group received no concentration of hesperidin, and three experimental groups were supplemented with 10, 22.5, and 50 µmol/L of hesperidin. All groups were cultured for 12 days. At the end of the culture period, the percentage of survival rate, antrum formation, obtained metaphase II oocytes, and the secretion of 17β-estradiol and progesterone were significantly higher in the group Hesp 50 (50 µmol/L hesperidin). Moreover, the mean average of follicular diameter cultured in the group Hesp 50 was also increased and the mRNA expression levels of PCNA, FSH-R, and Bcl-2 genes were higher, while Bax mRNA expression was significantly reduced compared with the other groups. Follicles cultured in the presence of 50 µmol/L of hesperidin had a higher fertilization rate and embryo development. Adding hesperidin at the concentration of 50 µmol/L to the culture medium resulted in higher follicular growth and maturation and increased the rate of in vitro fertilization and embryo development.

Impact statement

It has been stated that hesperidin has many pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, antimicrobial activity, and anti-carcinogenic activity; but hesperidin and its derivatives have been under investigation as anti-fertility factors for a very long time. However, our results show that hesperidin can improve mice follicular growth and maturation during in vitro 3D culture. Hesperidin as an antioxidant factor could enhance the mRNA expression levels of two important genes involved in folliculogenesis, PCNA, and FSH-R. Our results prove for the first time that hesperidin not only has deleterious effects on follicular development but can also increase rates of in vitro fertilization and embryo development.
Is Unilateral Spatial Neglect Associated With Motor Recovery of the Affected Upper Extremity Poststroke? A Systematic Review
Authors: Doron Noa , Rand Debbie
Published: February 2019

Background and Purpose. Individuals with stroke often present symptoms of multiple domains, such as weakness of the affected upper extremity (UE) and unilateral spatial neglect (USN), which are both associated with poor functional outcome. The aims of this systematic review were to search and review studies that investigated (1) the relationship between USN and affected UE sensorimotor recovery poststroke and (2) the effectiveness of sensorimotor interventions to improve the affected UE in patients with USN. Methods. An electronic search of databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL) was conducted using a combination of the following terms: stroke, USN, and affected UE. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were rated using a modified version of the Quality Index, and relevant data were extracted. Results. A total of 850 studies were identified, and 14 were included; 13 studies assessed correlations between USN and the affected UE capacity/recovery, and 1 study assessed an intervention to improve the UE of individuals with USN. An association between presence of USN and UE capacity/recovery was found in most studies and USN did not interfere with recovery of the affected UE in the single experimental study. Conclusions. USN is associated with poor UE motor capacity and less UE recovery poststroke. Therefore, these impairments should be considered when planning rehabilitation and discharge. Because USN is a well-researched phenomenon, the lack of studies and insufficient evidence related to UE interventions in individuals with USN was unexpected. These interventions should be developed and researched to improve UE and overall functional outcome poststroke.
A Novel Shape-Memory Monofilament Suture for Minimally Invasive Thoracoscopic Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Seguchi Ryuta , Ishikawa Norihiko , Tarui Tatsuya , Horikawa Takafumi , Ushijima Teruaki , Watanabe Go
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Endoscopic knot tying can complicate or prolong minimally invasive surgical procedures. A novel shape-memory monofilament suture with a spiral tail has been developed to speed up suture fixation during minimally invasive cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its usefulness and safety in minimally invasive cardiac surgery.

Methods

We installed a needle with a 4–0 monofilament suture, composed of polyvinylidene difluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymers, in an originally invented jig and heated it in an oven. By only passing through the needle and then into the spiral made at the tail of the suture, a hangman’s knot was easily made. For the fundamental experiment, to evaluate the effectiveness of the novel shape-memory monofilament suture, 4 surgeons with varying thoracoscopic experience tied knots within a simulated minimally invasive setting, using both the novel shape-memory and conventional monofilament sutures. The time elapsed for knot tying and tensile strength of each knot was measured.

Results

The mean knot-tying time was significantly shorter with the novel suture than with the conventional suture (108 ± 29 vs. 172 ± 42 seconds, P = 0.01). The ultimate tensile strength of each knot was 17.4 N in the novel suture and 16.5 N in the conventional suture.

Conclusions

The novel shape-memory monofilament suture has great potential for reducing operative time of minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery while retaining the strength of the knot.
Distinguishing Between Quantitative and Qualitative Research: A Response to Morgan
Authors: Maxwell Joseph A.
Published: February 2019

This is a response to Morgan’s article ( Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 12(3), 268-279) on the qualitative/quantitative distinction. I argue that Morgan has mischaracterized my views on this distinction, and on the value of design typologies in mixed methods research, and that the qualitative/quantitative distinction is more productively framed on a different basis than the one he proposed.
The Two Cultures: The place of humanities research in leadership studies
Authors: Ciulla Joanne B
Published: February 2019

This article explains why leadership is a natural part of the humanities. It compares and contrasts the research methods and types of knowledge that we get from the humanities with those of the social sciences. I argue that the humanities offer, what is in some ways, a better foundation for leadership research and that without them, we will never really understand leadership.
The World at War: Three and a Half Decades of New York Times Conflict Coverage
Authors: Sobel Meghan R , Kim Seoyeon , Riffe Daniel
Published: February 2019

This quantitative content analysis uses 36 years of New York Times international news to understand how conflict coverage is presented to audiences in terms of quantity and geographic focus, whether conflict is covered because of its linkage to US interests, and whether the Times relies on its own personnel for first-hand coverage. Additionally, a contemporary history approach gauges how representative coverage is of conflicts in varying regions. Quantitative data reveal an imbalance in coverage; stories about low-income nations focused more on conflict and were more likely to link events to US interests. However, the volume of coverage of these countries was minimal and arguably failed to report some of the most severe internal crises in those nations. According to social construction of reality theorists, this imbalance and distortion can lead to audience perception that more conflict occurs in low-income nations than in other, more developed parts of the world.
Long noncoding RNA AOC4P regulates tumor cell proliferation and invasion by epithelial–mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Kecheng , Lu Canrong , Huang Xiaohui , Cui Jianxin , Li Jiyang , Gao Yunhe , Liang Wenquan , Liu Yi , Sun Yang , Liu Hanxuan , Wei Bo , Chen Lin
Published: February 2019

Background:

The clinical relevance and biological role of tissular AOC4P in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be clarified.

Methods:

The association between AOC4P expression and clinicopathological characteristics was investigated. In vitro, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, wound healing and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed to explore the biological effects of AOC4P on GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in MGC-803 and BGC-823 cell lines. In vivo, animal experiments were conducted to confirm the in vitro findings. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the potential mechanisms.

Results:

Expression levels of AOC4P were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in noncancerous tissues, and patients with high levels of AOC4P had poor overall and disease-free survival. AOC4P expression was correlated with lymphovascular invasion. In vitro, knockdown of AOC4P inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis of MGC-803 and BGC-823 cells. In vivo, BGC-823 cells transfected with AOC4P siRNA formed smaller and lighter tumors than BGC-823 cells transfected with negative control siRNA in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Additionally, the si- AOC4P group had less proliferating cells and more apoptotic cells in tumor xenografts compared with the negative control. Mechanistically, knockdown of AOC4P decreased the expression of vimentin and MMP9, while increasing the expression of E-cadherin. Immunofluorescence confirmed the relationship between AOC4P expression and E-cadherin, vimentin, and MMP9 levels in clinical GC specimens.

Conclusions:

AOC4P promotes tumorigenesis and progression partly through epithelial–mesenchymal transition in GC. Additionally, AOC4P may serve as a prognostic biomarker for clinical decision making.
Achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and stroke risk: A meta-analysis of 23 randomised trials
Authors: Shin Jaewon , Chung Jong-Won , Jang Hyun-Soon , Lee Juneyoung , Hong Keun-Sik , Bang Oh Young , Kim Gyeong-Moon , Seo Woo-Keun
Published: February 2019

Aims

Lowering the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level reduces the risk of stroke, but it has not been clear whether the stroke risk would continuously decrease by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to a very low level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and stroke risk.

Methods and results

A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials that tested cholesterol-lowering pharmacological therapies and reported both achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and stroke outcomes. A meta-regression analysis was conducted to assess the linear association between the achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and stroke risk. In addition, we evaluated pooled estimates of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effect stratified by achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of active arms. A total of 222,149 participants in 23 trials (52 arms of 26 studies) were included. The meta-regression analysis showed that each 1 mmol/L decrease in the achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (down to 0.78 mmol/L) was associated with a significant reduction of 23.5% (slope 0.235, 95% confidence interval 0.007–0.464, P = 0.044) in stroke risk. Irrespective of achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the active arms, the effects of lowering the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level on stroke risk were significant and consistent (test for subgroup difference, P = 0.23, I2 = 31%). However, there was no significant increase in haemorrhagic stroke risk with lower achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Conclusion

In this meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, the stroke risk monotonically reduced with lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to very low levels.
Increased mitochondrial DNA4977-bp deletion in catheterization laboratory workers with long-term low-dose exposure to ionizing radiation
Authors: Borghini Andrea , Vecoli Cecilia , Piccaluga Emanuela , Guagliumi Giulio , Picano Eugenio , Andreassi Maria Grazia
Published: February 2019

Aims

Ionizing radiation may lead to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and changes in mtDNA content in cells, major driving mechanisms for carcinogenesis, vascular aging and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible induction of common mitochondrial deletion (mtDNA4977) and mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) changes in peripheral blood of personnel working in high-volume cardiac catheterization laboratories (Cath Labs).

Methods

A group of 147 Cath Lab workers (median individual effective dose = 16.8 mSv, for the 41 with lifetime dosimetric record) and 74 unexposed individuals were evaluated. The occupational radiological risk score was computed for each subject on the basis of the length of employment, individual caseload and proximity to the radiation source. mtDNA4977 deletion and mtDNA-CN were assessed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Increased levels of mtDNA4977 deletion were observed in high-exposure Cath Lab workers compared with unexposed individuals ( p < 0.0001). Conversely, mtDNA-CN was significantly greater in the low-exposure workers ( p = 0.003). Occupational radiological risk score was positively correlated with mtDNA4977 deletion (Spearman's r = 0.172, p = 0.03) and inversely correlated with mtDNA-CN (Spearman's r = –0.202, p = 0.01). In multiple regression model, occupational radiological risk score emerged as significant predictor of high levels of mtDNA4977 deletion (ß coefficient = 0.236, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

mtDNA4977 deletion is significantly high in Cath Lab personnel. Beyond the well-recognized nuclear DNA, mtDNA damage might deserve attention as a pathogenetic molecular pathway and a potential therapeutic target of ionizing radiation damage.
A prospective RCT comparing combined chromoendoscopy with water exchange (CWE) vs water exchange (WE) vs air insufflation (AI) in adenoma detection in screening colonoscopy
Authors: Leung JW , Yen AW , Jia H , Opada C , Melnik A , Atkins J , Feller C , Wilson MD , Leung FW
Published: February 2019

Background

A low adenoma detection rate (ADR) increases risks of interval cancers (ICs). Proximal colon flat polyps, e.g. serrated lesions (SLs), are difficult to find. Missed proximal colon flat lesions likely contribute to IC.

Aims

We compared chromoendoscopy with water exchange (CWE), water exchange (WE) and air insufflation (AI) in detecting adenomas in screening colonoscopy.

Methods

After split‐dose preparation, 480 veterans were randomized to AI, WE and CWE.

Results

Primary outcome of proximal ADR (55.6% vs 53.4% vs 52.2%, respectively) were similar in all groups. Adenoma per colonoscopy (APC) and adenoma per positive colonoscopy (APPC) were comparable. Detection rate of proximal colon SLs was significantly higher for CWE and WE than AI (26.3%, 23.6% and 11.3%, respectively, p = 0.002). Limitations: single operator; SLs only surrogate markers of but not IC.

Conclusions

When an endoscopist achieves high‐quality AI examinations with overall ADR twice (61.6%) the recommended standard (30%), use of WE and CWE does not produce further improvement in proximal or overall ADR. Comparable APC and APPC confirm equivalent withdrawal inspection techniques. WE alone is sufficient to significantly improve detection of proximal SLs. The impact of increased detection of proximal SLs by WE on prevention of IC deserves to be studied. This study is registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT#01607255).
Alcohol-Related Intentional Antiretroviral Nonadherence among People Living with HIV: Test of an Interactive Toxicity Beliefs Process Model
Authors: Kalichman Seth Charles , Katner Harold , Hill Marnie , Kalichman Moira O’Connor , Hernandez Dominica
Published: February 2019

Beliefs that it is harmful to mix medications with alcohol (ie, interactive toxicity beliefs) are a known source of intentional antiretroviral therapy (ART) nonadherence. This study examined a serial process model of alcohol-ART interactive toxicity beliefs, alcohol-ART avoidance behaviors, and ART adherence in the association between alcohol use and HIV viral load. Participants were 198 patients receiving ART from a community clinic in the southeastern United States; 125 reported current alcohol use. Results showed that current alcohol use was associated with detectable HIV viral load, partially accounted for by alcohol-ART interactive toxicity beliefs, alcohol-ART avoidance behaviors, and ART adherence. There was a significant indirect effect of the serial chain of interactive toxicity beliefs—avoidance behaviors—adherence, indicating the 3 intermediating variables partially accounted for the relationship between alcohol use and HIV viral load. Addressing alcohol use as a barrier to ART adherence requires multipronged approaches that address intentional nonadherence.
Peers Matter: Links Between Classmates’ and Individual Students’ Executive Functions in Elementary School
Authors: Finch Jenna E. , Garcia Elisa B. , Sulik Michael J. , Obradović Jelena
Published: February 2019

Students’ executive functions (EFs) are linked to school success. Although school-age children spend much of their time interacting with peers, few studies have explored how children’s classmates may promote EF development in elementary school. In this study, we test whether mean levels and variability in classmates’ EF skills are associated with growth in individual students’ accuracy and speed on EF tasks among third, fourth, and fifth graders (N = 806). We find that classmates’ speed, but not accuracy, on EF tasks is linked to significant improvements in individual students’ EFs over the school year. Classmates’ average EFs, as indexed by faster accurate responses on EF tasks, are associated with improvements in individual students’ speed on EF tasks. These results were robust to the inclusion of individual students’ general processing speed. In contrast, variability in classmates’ accuracy and speed on EF tasks was not associated with individual students’ EF growth. Our results highlight the role of peers and the school context for EF development in middle childhood.
Understanding Resistance to Change: An Experiential Exercise
Authors: Varma Virajanand
Published: February 2019

Organizational change remains one of the challenging concepts for students in leadership and organizational behavior classes to internalize if they have not experienced it directly. This exercise serves as a means for simulating the change process through a firsthand experience of change at a personal level. The assignment involves students choosing to experience a personal change (e.g., abstaining from a habit) for 3 weeks, maintaining a log of daily experiences, and writing a summary of the takeaways from their experience. Most of the students find it challenging to complete the task successfully (i.e., maintain total abstinence), which contributes to a lively follow-up discussion on successfully leading change and gives the students an opportunity to understand various challenges related to change implementation. This exercise can be used with a range of graduate and undergraduate courses in management curricula as well as in other leadership development programs.
Training interventions to improve general hospital care for older people with cognitive impairment: systematic review
Authors: Abley Clare , Dickinson Claire , Andrews Zoe , Prato Laura , Lindley Lyndsay , Robinson Louise
Published: February 2019

Background

In response to increasing numbers of older people in general hospitals who have cognitive impairment such as dementia and delirium, many hospitals have developed education and training programmes to prepare staff for this area of clinical practice.

Aims

To review the evidence on educational interventions on hospital care for older people with cognitive impairment.

Method

A mixed methods systematic review and narrative synthesis was undertaken. The following electronic databases were searched: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EBM Reviews, ASSIA and Scopus, as well as Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC), ProQuest, PubMed and SCIE: Social Care Online. Initial searches were run in August 2014 (update search September 2016). Titles and abstracts of studies retrieved were screened independently. The full text of eligible studies were then independently assessed by two review team members. All included studies were assessed using a standard quality appraisal tool.

Results

Eight studies relating to delirium, six on dementia and two on delirium and dementia were included, each testing the use of a different educational intervention. Overall, the quality of the studies was low. In relation to delirium, all studies reported a significant increase in participants' knowledge immediately post-intervention. Two of the dementia studies reported an increase in dementia knowledge and dementia confidence immediately post-intervention.

Conclusions

The variety of outcomes measured makes it difficult to summarise the findings. Although studies found increases in staff knowledge, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that educational interventions for staff lead to improved patient outcomes.

Declaration of interest

None.
Radiotherapy or Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Primary CNS Lymphoma in Patients 60 Years of Age and Younger: Results of the Intergroup ANOCEF-GOELAMS Randomized Phase II PRECIS Study
Authors: Houillier Caroline , Taillandier Luc , Dureau Sylvain , Lamy Thierry , Laadhari Mouna , Chinot Olivier , Moluçon-Chabrot Cecile , Soubeyran Pierre , Gressin Remy , Choquet Sylvain , Damaj Gandhi , Thyss Antoine , Abraham Julie , Delwail Vincent , Gyan Emmanuel , Sanhes Laurence , Cornillon Jérôme , Garidi Reda , Delmer Alain , Tanguy Marie-Laure , Al Jijakli Ahmad , Morel Pierre , Bourquard Pascal , Moles Marie-Pierre , Chauchet Adrien , Gastinne Thomas , Constans Jean-Marc , Langer Adriana , Martin Antoine , Moisson Patricia , Lacomblez Lucette , Martin-Duverneuil Nadine , Delgadillo Daniel , Turbiez Isabelle , Feuvret Loïc , Cassoux Nathalie , Touitou Valérie , Ricard Damien , Hoang-Xuan Khê , Soussain Carole ,   on behalf of the Intergroupe GOELAMS–ANOCEF and the LOC Network for CNS Lymphoma
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE

To determine the efficacy and toxicity of chemoimmunotherapy followed by either whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) or intensive chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) as a first-line treatment of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Immunocompetent patients (18 to 60 years of age) with untreated PCNSL were randomly assigned to receive WBRT or ASCT as consolidation treatment after induction chemotherapy consisting of two cycles of R-MBVP (rituximab 375 mg/m2 day (D) 1, methotrexate 3 g/m2 D1; D15, VP16 100 mg/m2 D2, BCNU 100 mg/m2 D3, prednisone 60 mg/m2/d D1-D5) followed by two cycles of R-AraC (rituximab 375 mg/m2 D1, cytarabine 3 g/m2/D, D1, and D2). Intensive chemotherapy consisted of thiotepa (250 mg/m2/d D9; D8; D7), busulfan (8 mg/kg D6 through D4), and cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/d D3; D2). WBRT delivered 40 Gy (2 Gy/fraction). The primary end point was 2-year progression-free survival. Cognitive outcome was the main secondary end point. Analysis was intention to treat in a noncomparative phase II trial.

RESULTS

Between October 2008 and February 2014, 140 patients were recruited from 23 French centers. Both WBRT and ASCT met the predetermined threshold (among the first 38 patients in each group, at least 24 patients were alive and disease free at 2 years). The 2-year progression-free survival rates were 63% (95% CI, 49% to 81%) and 87% (95% CI, 77% to 98%) in the WBRT and ASCT arms, respectively. Toxicity deaths were recorded in one and five patients after WBRT and ASCT, respectively. Cognitive impairment was observed after WBRT, whereas cognitive functions were preserved or improved after ASCT.

CONCLUSION

WBRT and ASCT are effective consolidation treatments for patients with PCNSL who are 60 years of age and younger. The efficacy end points tended to favor the ASCT arm. The specific risk of each procedure should be considered.
Markedly Reduced Risk of Internal Malignancies in Patients With Vitiligo: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Bae Jung Min , Chung Kee Yang , Yun Sook Jung , Kim Heesu , Park Byung Cheol , Kim Joung Soo , Seo Soo Hong , Ahn Hyo Hyun , Lee Dong-Youn , Kim You Chan , Park Hyang Joon , Kim Miri
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE

Recent studies indicated that the autoimmunity of vitiligo exerts effects on cells other than melanocytes, which confer reduced risks of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers in patients with vitiligo. However, the risk of internal malignancy in patients with vitiligo has not been elucidated.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database obtained from January 2007 to December 2016. All patients age 20 years or older with vitiligo who had at least two contacts with a physician from 2009 to 2016, during which a principal diagnosis was made, were identified (vitiligo group). Controls were randomly selected (two per patient with vitiligo) after frequency matching with the vitiligo group for age and sex during the same period (control group).

RESULTS

A total of 101,078 patients with vitiligo and 202,156 controls without vitiligo were included. The incidence rates of internal malignancies were 612.9 and 708.9 per 100,000 person-years in the vitiligo and control groups, respectively. Patients with vitiligo showed a significantly reduced risk of overall internal malignancies (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.89; P < .001) compared with controls without vitiligo after adjustments for age, sex, and comorbidities. With regard to organ-specific malignancies, patients with vitiligo showed a remarkably decreased risk of cancer in the colon and rectum (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.69; P < .001), ovary (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.83; P < .001), and lung (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.86; P < .001).

CONCLUSION

Vitiligo was associated with a reduced risk of overall internal malignancies. These findings suggest that autoimmune diseases, including vitiligo, may provide immune surveillance for the development of cancer beyond the targeted organ.
Motion characteristics of human roller skating
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Xu Kun , Ma Hanxin , Ding X. L.
Published: February 2019

In order to achieve a high speed of skating robot based on the leg structure with passive wheels on even ground, the motion characteristics of human roller skating is studied in this paper. Utilizing three dimensional motion capture system, the linear and turning gait are analyzed to express the motion characteristics of human roller skating. According to the observation and analysis, the normal linear gait can be divided into four phases and normal turning can be divided into three phases. The spin angle between the sagittal plane and the roller skate of supporting leg is mainly generated by the external/internal rotation of hip joint instead of ankle, and the spin angular velocity of body with one supporting leg is mainly generated by the roller angle of passive wheels. A new model named as skating inverted pendulum based on the motion and angle feature of the roller skating gait is presented, which can be used to describe the characteristics of one supporting leg. The structure of roller skates improving the stability for the roller skating and the method of the turning gait with a small radius are discussed.
Reprogramming of the cambium regulators during adventitious root development upon wounding of storage tap roots in radish (Raphanus sativusL.)
Authors: Aliaga Fandino Cecilia , Kim Hyoujin , Rademaker Jesse David , Lee Ji-Young
Published: February 2019

Cambium contains a stem cell population that produces xylem and phloem tissues in radial direction during the secondary growth. Growth of many storage roots including radish, Raphanus sativus L., also depends on cambium. Interestingly, we observed numerous adventitious roots (ARs) emerging from the cambia of cut surfaces when the bases of radish storage tap roots were removed. Previous studies in Arabidopsis showed that WOX11/12 pathway regulates AR initiation and meristem establishment in an auxin-dependent manner. Here, we provide evidence indicating the evolutionary conservation of WOX11/12 pathway during the AR development in radish. Additionally, we found that expression of two cambium regulators, PXY and WOX4, is induced in the cambium regions that are connected to emerging ARs via vascularization. Both AR formation and genes associated with this were induced by exogenous auxin. Our research suggests that some key cambium regulators might be reprogrammed to aid in the AR development in concert with WOX11/12 pathway.
Magnetic Sagnac Interference Measurements of Agglomeration and Deagglomeration of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Watarai Hitoshi , Chen Ziyu
Published: February 2019

Magnetic field induced Sagnac interference was observed for the COOH modified iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) dispersed in water. The effect of cationic surfactants showing agglomeration and deagglomeration of the MNPs was clearly detected by the phase shift due to the magnetic orientation of MNPs. The observed phase shifts were discussed by using Langevin parameters.
State and municipal service
Authors: Шайхатдинов В , Shayhatdinov V , Агафонов Валентин , Agafonov Valentin , Вахнин Леонид , Vahnin Leonid , Говорухина Елена , Govoruhina Elena , Григорьев Иван , Grigor'ev Ivan , Дианова Ирина , Dianova Irina , Кузеванов Александр , Kuzevanov Aleksandr , Медведев Андрей , Medvedev Andrey , Митин Александр , Mitin Aleksandr , Наймушин Сергей , Naymushin Sergey , Новоселова Наталья , Novoselova Natal'ya , Осинцев Дмитрий , Osintsev Dmitriy , Плешакова Инна , Pleshakova Inna , Пушина Наталья , Pushina Natal'ya , Терехин Андрей , Terehin Andrey , Токарева Екатерина , Tokareva Ekaterina , Хазанов Сергей , Hazanov Sergey
Published: February 2019

The textbook deals with the main issues of the course "State and municipal service": General issues of state and municipal service, sources of law governing the state and municipal service, positions of state and municipal service, the legal status of state and municipal employees, issues of combating corruption in the state and municipal service, admission, passage and termination of state civil and municipal service, features of legal regulation of civil service in certain state bodies, military service, public service of other types, social protection of state and municipal employees, personnel work and personnel policy in the civil and municipal service, management of state and municipal service.
Managing symptoms associated with the redundant distal colon and rectum: a pilot scoping exercise
Authors: Lamb Karen A , Lodge Jen
Published: February 2019

Background:

During stoma formation, the redundant distal colon and rectum (RDCR) is often left in situ. This is associated with symptoms that can be problematic and difficult to manage.

Aims:

This questionnaire aimed to determine patient experience of RDCR-associated symptoms, their impact and how they are managed.

Methods:

Data were collected from a self-selecting convenience sample at an information event using a mixed-methods questionnaire, before being collated in a spreadsheet for framework analysis.

Results:

The questionnaire was completed by 19 patients. The severity of symptoms' impact varied widely. Common problems included rectal leakage, odour and sore skin, as well as psychosocial symptoms like anxiety and depression. Some patients had undergone investigations. Management usually involved bearing down over the toilet, as well as Glycerin, Microlax and phosphate suppositories and enemas.

Conclusions:

This small pilot study highlighted the variation in symptoms and their severity in RDCR. Further research into this population is required to inform management strategies and develop a care pathway.
In-house training for clinical endoscopists: a personal account
Authors: Fawkes Jonathan , Seward Edward
Published: February 2019

Demand for endoscopic services is rising, creating challenges for healthcare providers in finding extra capacity. Training healthcare professionals from non-medical backgrounds as endoscopists is one response to this question. Health Education England provides a training course for clinical endoscopists with a structured development framework. The course sets out an improved way of training non-medical endoscopists that replaces the previous apprenticeship model. This personal account reflects on training practices in use from the perspective of a mentor and a trainee from within a single training centre in London. Training non-medical endoscopists is different in a number of ways compared with training registrars, but the experience is equally rewarding for all involved. Non-medical candidates can and often do surpass their medically trained colleagues in endoscopy, but they need additional support from their departments and clinical leads.
Going to the hairdresser
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: February 2019

Having their hair cut should be an enjoyable experience for children, as well as an educational one, writes Annette Rawstrone
All about … schematic learning
Authors: May Rachel , Stevenson Sarah , McGachy Nicky , Bloch Carole , Louis Stella
Published: February 2019

Understanding children's schemas, or ‘patterns of behaviour and thinking’, enables practitioners to support them as they use them to deepen their learning, explain Professor Tina Bruce CBE, Dr Stella Louis and Dr Carole Bloch
A Participação Feminina nos Conselhos de Administração das Empresas Brasileiras: uma análise das características de formação acadêmica e experiência profissional à luz da teoria do capital humano
Authors: Lazzaretti Kellen , Godoi Christiane Kleinübing
Published: February 2019

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13071/regec.2317-5087.2012.1.1.4059.159-186O objetivo do estudo reside em analisar as características de formação acadêmica e de experiência profissional que contribuem para a participação de mulheres nos Conselhos de Administração (CAs) das empresas brasileiras de capital aberto, à luz da teoria do capital humano.  O estudo analisou a composição de gênero de 410 empresas de capital aberto listadas no ano de 2011 na BM&FBovespa e os currículos das 158 conselheiras que o compõem, por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram que 7,3% dos assentos existentes nos CAs são ocupados por mulheres. A análise curricular mostrou que a maioria dessas mulheres são graduadas, possuem experiências profissionais diversas e muitas possuem experiências anteriores como conselheiras em outras empresas. Apesar do investimento em capital humano realizado por estas mulheres, o principal motivo para indicação a um assento nos CAs brasileiros é o vínculo familiar, representando 40% do total.
Social protection for the self-employed in the UK: the disappearing contributions increase
Authors: Bennett Fran
Published: February 2019

A recent government proposal to increase national insurance contributions for the self-employed in the UK, in return for improved pensions and potentially also parental benefits, was immediately reversed. This article analyses the reasons behind this about-turn, linking them to tensions between the goals of thwarting ‘bogus’ self-employment and increasing tax revenues versus commitment to a higher wage, lower tax, lower welfare economy. The analysis is set in the context of the singularity of the UK system in relation to much social protection in continental Europe, and wider debates about the roles of individual, state and labour market in providing security.