bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA RELACJI RELIGIA-KOŚCIÓŁ-PAŃSTWO-PRAWO W STANACH ZJEDNOCZONYCH
Authors: Lewicki Zbigniew
Published: December 2016

SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHURCH, STATE, RELIGION, AND THE LAW IN THE UNITED STATESSummaryThe United States is a secular state which at the same time puts religion and its institutions at the centre of its legal and constitutional considerations. This situation leads to frequent tension between state institutions and the followers of different religions, whose religious requirements or prohibitions come into conflict with the uniform legal standards. The classic examples of this include Mormon polygamy, which Mormons consider a condition of salvation, but which has been found unconstitutional; and the use of legally prohibited drugs by the followers of Indian religions during their religious ceremonies. Recognition of the needs of worshippers in the latter case shows that over time the U.S. authorities have tended more and more to acknowledge the need to take into account the specific requirements of the non-mainstream religious institutions. Another specific feature of the U.S. system of constitutional law is that as a rule such discrepancies are settled not by Congress but by the Supreme Court, although the two institutions have been known to make conflicting decisions on the same issue. The article is also a review of judicial decisions and legislative acts on controversial issues like abortion, the admissibility of the use of stem cells, same-sex marriages, and conscientious objection to military service.
PRAWO I SĄDY NA LITWIE W 1812 ROKU W ŚWIETLE „DZIENNIKA CZYNNOŚCI TYMCZASOWEGO RZĄDU LITEWSKIEGO”
Authors: Godek Sławomir
Published: December 2016

THE LAW AND THE COURTS IN LITHUANIA IN 1812 IN THE LIGHT OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT OF LITHUANIASummaryAt the very beginning of his Russian campaign of 1812 Napoleon created a somewhat complicated structure for the new administration of Lithuania. A key element in it was the Commission of the Provisional Government of Lithuania, a surrogate Lithuanian government. Virgilijus Pugačiauskas has recently published the Commission’s official journal, Dziennik czynności Komisji Tymczasowego Rządu Litwy, for the period from 2 July 1812 to 30 July 1813 from the manuscript. In the light of this invaluable resource, we can see the Commission’s efforts to build a new administration and revenue services, create a Lithuanian army, and ensure supplies for Napoleon’s forces. One of the important tasks undertaken by the Commission was to restore the judiciary, which had been disorganised by the war, and to ensure the normal administration of justice and the restoration of full power to the Statute of Lithuania, which had been in use under the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and had already been partially supplanted by Russian law following the Partitions of Poland-Lithuania. An act which was of fundamental importance in this respect was the institution of a set of regulations for the judiciary Prawidła dla sądownictwa, adopted by the Commission on 29 July, 1812. Under this act the courts were temporarily to resume their activities only in criminal cases, on the grounds of Lithuanian law and using Polish as the official language. The Commission reserved the right to approve death sentences and – as may be seen from the minutes – actually used this power. The contents of the protocols indicate that the courts actually resumed operations in early August 1812. In October 1812 the Commission adopted a measure on the new organisation of the Vilnius municipal courts.
ZAWARCIE UMOWY PRZEDWSTĘPNEJ W OBROCIE NIERUCHOMOŚCIAMI
Authors: Mróz Arkadiusz
Published: December 2016

THE CONCLUSION OF A PRELIMINARY CONTRACT IN CONVEYANCINGSummaryThis is the first of three articles presenting a detailed discussion of the structure and functions of the preliminary contract (umowa przedwstępna), its significance, and the practical potential for its use in conveyancing. This article shows the essence of the preliminary contract as a particular type of pre-contractual agreement and its relation to the final contract (umowa stanowcza). The study discusses issues related to the content of the preliminary contract, methods of concluding such a contract by the parties, as well as the term for the conclusion of the final contract.
REGULACJE DOTYCZĄCE RÓWNEGO TRAKTOWANIA I ZAKAZU DYSKRYMINACJI W ZATRUDNIENIU TYMCZASOWYM
Authors: Wilczyński Robert
Published: December 2016

REGULATIONS FOR EQUAL TREATMENT AND PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION IN TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENTSummaryThe article discusses the legislation on equal treatment and non-discrimination in temporary employment in the light of the requirements of the Directive of the European Parliament and the European Council 2008/104/EC of 19 November 2008 on temporary agency work. The author recalls the legislative process related to the adoption of the Directive, in particular the legal discrepancies between the social partners and between EU countries, and analyses the content of the Directive. He then presents the provisions of the Polish labour law on equal treatment and non-discrimination. The main part of the article is devoted to a discussion of the adaptation of the legal norms on equal treatment and non-discrimination in the Act of 9 July 2003 on the employment of temporary workers and other legal acts regulating this matter to the recommendations set out in this Directive. The author analyses the current level of compliance of the Polish legislation with the requirements of the EU Directive, presents controversies in the literature, and makes recommendations de lege ferenda.
WOKÓŁ INTUICYJNYCH DECYZJI SĘDZIEGO
Authors: Zyzik Radosław
Published: December 2016

ON A JUDGE’S INTUITIVE DECISIONSSummaryThe paper discusses the credibility of legal decisions taken on the basis of intuition. An analysis is conducted from the perspective of cognitive psychology, with special emphasis on research on expertise intuition. The aim is to answer the question whether we can speak of trustworthy intuitive decision-making in the legal sciences. I confront research on legal theory conducted by American legal realists with cognitive psychology in order to establish the conditions influencing the decision-making process and the formulation of intuitive evaluations. The paper ends with a presentation of a decision-making model valid both for the legal sciences and for cognitive psychology.
RZYMSKA DYSCYPLINA WOJSKOWA W UJĘCIU NICCOLÒ MACHIAVELLEGO
Authors: Faszcza Michał Norbert
Published: December 2016

Machiavelli on Roman Military DisciplineSummaryThe importance of Niccolò Machiavelli’s work for the evolution of modern political ideas is indisputable, but the organisation of military forces was an equally important issue for him. Although most researchers usually ignore this aspect, Machiavelli’s ideas exerted a significant influence on subsequent developments in European military discipline. He was inspired to a large extent by the works of the ancien authors containing descriptions of terms of service in the Roman legions. His attention focused on the Republican period, though he also examined episodes from the Imperial era. Nowadays he is recognised as one of the most influential authors of military treatises, whose ideas on military discipline had a substantial influence on its evolution.
BADANIA ROMANISTÓW POLSKICH W LATACH 2011-2013
Authors: Zabłocka Maria
Published: December 2016

Polish Romanists' Research Work, 2011-2013SummaryA look at the research done by Polish Romanists in the 21st century and its effects in the form of publications and progress on the academic ladder confirms the claim that Poland continues to be one of the leading countries for scholarship in Roman law. In the first decade of the century four Polish scholars of Roman law were appointed to full professorships, seven gained their post-doctoral habilitation degrees, and forty-five were awarded the doctor’s degree. The figures for the past three and a half years are respectively four professorships (with a further two waiting for the formality of the President’s signature on the appointment), eight habilitations, and twelve doctorates. A characteristic feature marking recent years has been an unprecedented number of translations (into Polish) of source texts, usually accompanied by an extensive commentary. The main achievement in this area has been the translation of the Digests by a team of lawyers and linguists. Alongside the publication of source texts and collective volumes, the past years have also seen the issue of thirty-three monographs and hundreds of articles on a variety of subjects, but one of the characteristic features has been an unprecedented interest in public law, especially criminal law, which has given rise to eight monographs in three years. Unfortunately, certain tendencies have given cause for concern, as quantity is not always tantamount to quality. A lot of articles do not come up to the required standard and call for improvement as regards references and recent literature (especially Polish publications) cited, writing style, and a more critical approach to their subject. Many articles offer an oversimplified comparison of a contemporary legal institution with aspects of Roman law. Occasionally suggestions are made that only subjects which are directly related to today’s issues should be addressed. Time will tell whether this is the right attitude to take.
PROJEKT KONWENCJI NARODÓW ZJEDNOCZONYCH O SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI ORAZ WSPARCIU DLA OFIAR PRZESTĘPSTW I NADUŻYĆ WŁADZY
Authors: Bieńkowska Ewa
Published: December 2016

Draft of the UN Convention on Justice and Support forVictims of Crime and Abuse of PowerSummaryThe paper gives an account of the provisions of the draft of the UNConvention on Justice and Support for Victims of Crime and Abuseof Power of 8 February 2010. The aim of the new UN document is tostrengthen the position of victims around the world, by extending thescope of the rights granted them under the UN Declaration on BasicPrinciples of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power of 29November 1985. The description of these rights provides a basis fora discussion of the need of the Convention.
WPŁYW ZOBOWIĄZANIA DO NAPRAWIENIA SZKODY NA EFEKTYWNOŚĆ INSTYTUCJI WARUNKOWEGO UMORZENIA POSTĘPOWANIA KARNEGO
Authors: Juszka Karol
Published: December 2016

The Effect of a Defendant’s Obligation to Redress Damageon the Effectiveness of Conditional Discontinuance ofCriminal ProceedingsSummaryThe aim of this article is to give a statistical presentation of the theoretical and practical aspects of a defendant’s obligation to redress damagein a verdict involving discontinuance of criminal proceedings. My observations are based on a statistical analysis of data I collected for 405cases involving conditional discontinuance of criminal proceedings andthe effectiveness of such verdicts. The cases were heard in the KrakówRegional Court (Sąd Okręgowy w Krakowie) and the district courts(sądy rejonowe) within its area of jurisdiction. For the statistical analysisI used the Spearman one-way ANOVA model, the Mann-Whitney U test,and the Kruskal-Wallis test to calculate the correlation coefficient. Myanalysis also includes a set of legislative proposals, both for the modification of the statutory construction of the institution of conditionaldiscontinuance of proceedings in Polish criminal law, as well as for thepractical application of the existing provisions.
KONTROWERSJE WOKÓŁ URZĘDÓW I URZĘDNIKÓW MIASTA RZYMU
Authors: Kamińska Renata
Published: December 2016

CONTROVERSIES CONCERNING THE OFFICES ANDMAGISTRATES OF THE CITY OF ROMESummaryThe offices of the curatores were one of the most characteristic elements of public administration during the Principate. Their originsgo back to the Republic, when the magistrates responsible for administration and supervision in the city of Rome were the aediles andcensors. Augustus, the first emperor, institutionalised the offices of thecuratores responsible for particular sectors of the urban administration.The powers and careers of some of the Roman magistrates have beendescribed by Katarzyna Kapłoniak in her book entitled Urzędy kuratorskie administracji miejskiej Rzymu od Augusta do Dioklecjana. Ichmiejsce i znaczenie w senatorskim ‘cursus honorum’, published in 2014.In my article I refer to this book and engage in polemic with its author.
UWAGI NA TEMAT ‘COMPENSATIO’ W TWÓRCZOŚCI WYBRANYCH PRZEDSTAWICIELI SZKOŁY GLOSATORÓW
Authors: Zalewski Bartosz
Published: December 2016

Remarks on ‘compensatio’ in the Work of Selected Representatives of the School of GlossatorsSummaryThe institution of remitting reciprocal receivables and payables by setting them off against each other down to the amount of the lesser debt (compensatio) goes back Roman law. But the duality involved in such practices in modern European legal systems is the result of later developments in the medieval discourse on whether the effects of set-off ensued sine facto hominis, i.e. on the grounds of the provision as such, or on the grounds of a constitutive declaration of will made by one of the reciprocal creditors.This problem was debated in the School of Glossators which was founded in the 11th century by Irnerius. The aim of this paper is to describe the views held by selected glossators of Roman law and to present their influence on subsequent legal solutions adopted in 19th- and 20th-century civil codifications.
ZASADY PONOSZENIA KOSZTÓW UTRZYMANIA NIERUCHOMOŚCI WSPÓLNEJ W KONTEKŚCIE TREŚCI I AKSJOLOGII USTAWY O WŁASNOŚCI LOKALI W ŚWIETLE ORZECZNICTWA SĄDOWEGO I POGLĄDÓW DOKTRYNY
Authors: Damasiewicz Agnieszka
Published: December 2016

Rules Governing the Obligation to Bear maintenance Costs for jointly owned Property in the Context of the Contents and Axiology of the Polish Ownership of Premises Act in the Light of Jurisdiction and Legal DoctrineSummary The subject of this article is the differentiation of the rules that govern joint owners’ obligation to bear maintenance costs for a jointly owned property. I examine this issue in the light of the wording and axiology of the Polish Ownership of Premises Act (Ustawa o własności lokali). My starting point is the provision which says that joint owners bear the costs of maintaining a jointly owned property in proportion to their share in the ownership. Next I describe two issues that concern the aforementioned provision which often crop up in practice and are controversial. The first is the admissibility of the resolution that determines different amounts due in advance payments from different owners on the grounds of the category of the premises or parts (e.g. a basement or an attic) each of them holds. The second concerns the admissibility of a co-owner formulating a request for such a resolution. I answer these questions on the grounds of the aforementioned provision and present the legal consequences of a practice which is in breach of this regulation. I go on to comment on the axiological grounds for the differentiation or non-differentiation in advance payments due from respective co-owners. I conclude by giving my opinion on the question whether the provision should reflect the practice and consequently should be amended, or alternatively whether the practice should be corrected in accordance with the existing provision.
PUBLICZNE PROTESTY ANTYABORCYJNE W ŚWIETLE ORZECZNICTWA SĄDÓW KANADYJSKICH
Authors: Maroń Grzegorz
Published: December 2016

Public Pro-life Protests in Canadian Case Law Summary The article deals with the legal standards applied in public anti-abortion protests in Canada. On the basis of an examination of Canadian case law, the author argues that the restrictions on pro-life protests are disproportionate with respect to the objective of ensuring safe access to women’s reproductive rights. The Access to Abortion Services Act and court injunctions are preventing pro-lifers from demonstrating in the vicinity of abortion clinics in defence of the right to life of unborn children. The degree to which pro-lifers’ constitutional freedom of speech is being infringed is in breach of the principles of the liberal state. The right to express opposition to abortion is also limited, although to a lesser extent, in other public places, such as street pavements and squares, university campuses and airport terminals. In the author’s view, imprisonment as the penalty for peaceful protest against the Canadian abortion law – for example, Linda Gibbons spent a total of over 10 years in prison for her pro-life activities! – is inherently incompatible with the essence of a “free and democratic society” as defined in Article 1 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
O OBOWIĄZYWANIU ZASADY KONTRADYKTORYJNOŚCI W POSTĘPOWANIU NIEPROCESOWYM: PRZYCZYNEK DO DYSKUSJI
Authors: Misztal-Konecka Joanna
Published: December 2016

The Adversarial Principle in Non-litigious Proceedings: a Contribution to the Discussion Summary The adversarial principle has been applicable in Polish non-litigious proceedings since 1964, when the provisions for litigious and non-litigious proceedings in Polish civil law were integrated in one civil code, and later when its procedural law was fundamentally revised and amended. Prior to this change, the applicable provisions were defined in the 1945 Code for non-litigious proceedings, which did not admit the adversary system, viz. the principle that the parties to proceedings collect evidence and produce witnesses, while the court merely assists and supervises. There are only two situations in which under current Polish civil law the inquisitorial system may supersede the adversary ststem. The two exceptions are: 1) when ex officio proceedings may be initiated on the grounds of a legislative act; and 2) when it is in the public interest to initiate an ex officio inquiry.
LEKI CYFROWE. PROBLEMATYKA PRAWNA
Authors: Więckowski Zbigniew
Published: December 2016

Digital Medicines. Legal Aspects Summary The subject of this article is the legal examination of digital medicines, a new type of medicinal product. The basis for the author’s remarks is the procedure launched by the US FDA (US Federal Food and Drug Administration) to consider the application for the commercial admission of digital medicines. This is the first case of its kind. He analyses the legal status of medicines of this kind on the grounds of the applicable EU directives and Polish domestic law. His purpose is an analysis of the definition of medicinal products in the relevant EU directive and in the Polish provisions, and an assessment of whether and to what extent digital medicines comply with these conditions. The analysis also takes the current case law of the European Court of Justice into consideration. The last part of the article discusses the legal aspects of the reimbursement of digital medicines in the Polish public healthcare system, and the role they could play in shaping the new system of health services and reimbursement. The article concludes with observations on the legislation which would be required if digital medicines were to be introduced on the Polish market.
The Influence Factors of the House Price—The Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Consumers Factors Based on the 35 Cities in 2014
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: December 2016

This dissertation investigates the relation between the consumers and the price development on the housing market in 2014 based on cross-sectional analysis of the consumers’ factors. Based on the result of the correlations analysis and regression analysis, balance of savings deposit of Urban and rural residents per person affect to the dependent variable of the house price.
Apresentação
Authors: Rosas Suzana Cavani , Christillino Cristiano Luís , Souza George Félix Cabral de
Published: December 2016

Apresentação.
Aspectos do liberalismo moderado na Província do Ceará dos anos 1830
Authors: Barbosa Alencar Gustavo Magno
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo, buscaremos entender as concepções do pensamento político liberal moderado que embasou os sujeitos que atuaram no processo de constituição deste partido no Ceará. Este se formou a partir de intensas articulações entre os anos de 1830 e 1837. Através de jornais, ofícios, proclamações e outras formas documentais é que esta empreitada será viabilizada, entendendo que por meio da compreensão dos usos do vocabulário político é possível aprofundar os significados da cultura política liberal posta em prática.
Processo de “invisibilidade” dos Índios Kariri nos sertões dos Cariris Novos na segunda metadade do seculo XIX
Authors: Oliveira Antonio José
Published: December 2016

Pretendemos expor aqui as discussões sobre o processo de “invisibilidade” dos índios Kariri que habitaram os sertões dos Cariris Novos, região Sul da Província do Ceará, na segunda metade do século XIX. Ali, a historiografia local defendia que esses nativos tinham sido quase todos dizimados nas guerras contra os colonos no período colonial, especialmente no século XVIII, e os que sobreviveram a estes conflitos foram agrupados nos aldeamentos construídos naquela localidade. Dali, ainda no século XVIII, foram descidos para as aldeias do litoral da Província. Com tais acontecimentos, no século seguinte, especialmente a partir da sua segunda metade, se acreditou que esses nativos tinham sido totalmente extintos do Sul da Província. Discurso que perdurou na sociedade não índia e na produção historiográfica local por quase todo o século XX.
As políticas públicas de cultura e as artes no Ceará: a criação e consolidação do centro de artes visuais – Casa Raimundo Cela
Authors: De Sousa Silva Anderson
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo discorrer sobre a criação e a trajetória do Centro de Artes Visuais - Casa Raimundo Cela e do Salão Nacional de Artes Plásticas do Ceará, enquanto mecanismos de firmação de uma política pública de cultura e oficialização das instituições das artes no Ceará. Tem-se como foco refletir sobre as relações entre Estado e cultura, que em meados dos anos 1960 se intensificou, devido à criação da Secretaria e do Conselho Estadual de Cultura, assim como a atuação de artistas e intelectuais nos órgãos vinculados a estas instituições. Neste ínterim, o estudo em questão também se propõe a investigar o projeto de inserção do Ceará no panorama artístico brasileiro, por meio da criação de um Salão de Arte Nacional, da emergência de uma nova geração de artistas e de novas figurações estéticas surgidas no campo artístico local por meio do diálogo com o nacional.
Impact of recruitment and selection on organizational productivity. Evidence from staff of a university in South Africa
Authors: Kanyemba Marta , Iwu Chux Gervase , Allen-Ile Charles O.K.
Published: December 2016

The study aimed to understand the recruitment and selection-productivity fit within a tertiary institution in South Africa. Essentially, by examining this relationship, it will be easier to obtain a better understanding of the essential components of recruitment and selection that contribute to the productivity of a tertiary institution. The unit of analysis of this study comprised academic and non-academic staff of the institution. This study adopted a quantitative approach utilising a Likert scale questionnaire to serve as the primary source of data collection. A future study could emphasise the development of a theoretical framework that links specifically to the peculiarities of the tertiary education sector in South Africa. A further study could also unpack how the components of recruitment and selection can be better harnessed to attract the interest of young South Africans to academe. The paper addresses a matter of significance both to HR practice and scholarship. The paper concludes thus: Recruitment and selection processes impact productivity; hence management MUST adopt best practice for these crucial HR functions.
From evolutionary governance to evolutionary strategies: Standing on the edge of chaos
Authors: Garnier Miriam
Published: December 2016

The perspective of Evolutionary Governance that I have developed since 2012 is part of the emerging evolutionary perspective on the economy. I have proposed a new vision of governance as the function that optimizes the cognitive and behavioral collective intelligence of a firm to make decisions facing risks and uncertainty. The Board of Directors acts to anticipate variations of external conditions and internal routines, select the right orientations (decisions and routines which ensure the sustainability of the firm) and enhance co-evolution. The term "evolutionary" refers to the process of endogenously developing variations, selection and retention on the one hand, and on the co-evolution phenomenon on the other hand. Once limited to paleoanthropology, it has been extended as an abstract process to conceptualize many domains, among which economics. The original process of variation/selection/retention has become a generic concept of evolution as novelty/emergence/dissemination. Why is it necessary to introduce evolutionary concepts into governance research? To answer this question, I review in the first part the succession of influences over governance theories, and the pitfalls of the current framing compared to the objectives I assign to governance, as an internal mechanism of organizations to structure itself to face risks and uncertainty. In the second part, I review the breakthroughs of evolutionary concepts in various domains in close links with governance: strategy and political science and public administration. And in the last part, I explore the interesting properties of evolutionary governance and overview the impacts of this theory over strategy and economics
Investment decision and value creation
Authors: Soumaya Hechmi
Published: December 2016

The value creation supposes that the undertaken investment leads to draw a surplus with regard to the alternative use that the providers of capital would have been able to make it. This research proposes an analysis of the relation between the investment decisions and value creation on a sample of 82 French firms that compose the SBF 250 index, from 1999 to 2005. We show that the relation between the investment and the firm value is direct and positive
Communicating marketing priorities in the not-for-profit sector: A content analysis of Australian state-museums’ annual reports
Authors: Wickham Mark , Lehman Kim , French Linda
Published: December 2016

This paper analyses the marketing priorities evident in the annual reports of Australia’s six not-for-profit state-museums (who represent the largest and most influential not-for-profit heritage organisations in the country). The study provides insight into the marketing communication priorities in leading not-for-profit heritage organisations, and offers a finer-grained understanding of what is required for such organisations to effectively manage such priorities. Based on a content analysis of the annual reports, the paper proposes a Marketing Priorities Model for Not-for-Profit Organisations more generally. The Model reflects two important findings: firstly, that the communication of marketing strategies has emerged to play a central role in the annual reporting of the leading not-for-profit organisations in Australia; secondly, that there are several key facets of the organisation’s marketing strategies that must be communicated to internal and external stakeholder groups. The Model consequently provides a framework for not-for-profit organisations to adopt in order for them to effectively identify and communicate marketing practices to salient stakeholder groups
The design of debt contracts: Evidence of cost effective use of covenants from a large sample of small loans
Authors: Bilodeau Julien , Missonier-Piera Franck
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates the use of covenants in debt contracts as well as the role played by accounting numbers in those contracts. More specifically, it provides evidence that covenants, and more importantly accounting based covenants, are used in a cost effective way in these contracts. It also provides a unique description of the types of covenants and accounting numbers which are used in a large sample of loan issued to small Canadian firms
The use of analytical procedures by Yemeni auditors
Authors: Abidin Shamharir , Baabbad Mohammed Abobaker
Published: December 2016

This study sets out to investigate the extent to which Yemeni auditors use analytical review procedures during the audit of client’s financial statements. It also examines the stage of auditing procedure in which Yemeni auditors implement analytical review procedures. Moreover, the study determines the relationships between the importance’s factors and the use of analytical review procedures. The findings of the study have indicated that the Analytical Procedures were utilized on high percentage by audits in larger and high experienced audit firms compared to small and low experienced audit firms where the results have shown low percentage. Nevertheless, the role of auditors’ perception towards Analytical Procedures has proved to have a significant effect of usage of Analytical Procedures
Analysing the levels of uniformity in corporate governance practices – Case study of five air lines companies
Authors: Ramachandran Jayalakshmy
Published: December 2016

This report provides the analysis of Corporate Governance in Airline Industry of five different countries that are listed on 2013 Index of Economic Freedom provided by the Heritage foundation. The aim of this report is to analyse and discuss the inadequacies in corporate governance practices for the five sample companies chosen. We also analyse the whistle blowing practices adopted and disclosed by the companies. Our analysis reveals that, though there is guidance for best practices of corporate governance, it is difficult to accentuate a single company possessing best governance practices. At the same time while whistle blowing practices are emphasized by stakeholders, our analysis of the five companies reveal that either the companies don’t have a strong whistle blowing policy or they don’t make it transparent to the stakeholders. Our contribution is therefore quite significant as we recommend that strong whistle blowing practices , if made transparent and if motivated to practice, could dilute the effect of not having best corporate governance practices
Systemic risk and banking regulation: Some facts on the new regulatory framework
Authors: Bonollo Michele , Crimaldi Irene , Flori Andrea , Pammolli Fabio , Riccaboni Massimo
Published: December 2016

The recent financial crisis highlighted the relevant role of the systemic effects of banks’ defaults on the stability of the whole financial system. In this work we draw an organic picture of the current regulations, moving from the definitions of systemic risk to the issues concerning data availability. We show how a more detailed flow of data on traded deals might shed light on some systemic risk features taken into account only partially in the past. In particular, we analyse how the new regulatory framework allows regulators to describe OTC derivatives markets according to more detailed partitions, thus depicting a more realistic picture of the system. Finally, we suggest to study sub-markets illiquidity conditions to consider possible spill over effects which might lead to a worsening for the entire system
STRATEGI NAFKAH MASYARAKAT ADAT KASEPUHAN SINAR RESMI DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK
Authors: Khoirun Niswah Zuhaida , Adiwibowo Soeryo
Published: December 2016

Penelitian ini pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk melihat perubahan strategi nafkah pada masyarakat adat
Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi sebagai akibat dari perubahan akses terhadap sumberdaya alam. Metode penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dan data kuantitatif pendukung. Pendekatan kualitatif, diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan narasumber yang digunakan untuk mengetahui perubahan akses sumberdaya alam masyarakat Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi sebelum dan sesudah perluasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, Sebagai  upaya kolaboratif yang dibangun oleh pihak Taman Nasional Gunung Salak yang dapat menjadi peluang alternatif sumber nafkah bagi masyarakat adat Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi. Data kuantitatif dikumpulkan menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan mengambil 30 rumahtangga sebagai responden. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, tidak terdapat perubahan pada strategi nafkah akibat berubahnya akses sumberdaya alam pada masyarakat adat Kasepuhan Sinar Resmi dikarenakan perluasan Taman Nasional Gunung Salak.
Kata Kunci : akses sumberdaya alam, kasepuhan Sinar Resmi, strategi nafkah  
RESILIENSI NAFKAH RUMAHTANGGA PETANI HUTAN RAKYAT DI KECAMATAN GIRIWOYO, WONOGIRI
Authors: Saraswati Yudhistira , Dharmawan Arya Hadi
Published: December 2016

Hutan rakyat merupakan pengelolaan hutan yang tidak hanya mempertimbangkan aspek ekologi tetapi juga
aspek ekonomi, hutan rakyat sangat memungkinkan untuk dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan mengembangkan kesejahteraan petani. Rumah tangga petani hutan rakyat tidak hanya memanfaatkan modal alam dalam aktivitas penghidupan, tetapi juga menggunakan modal yang dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan pendapatan. Metode yang digunakan yakni kombinasi dari pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesionerdan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bentuk resiliensi yang diterapkan rumahtangga untuk membentuk modal (livelihood asset). Resiliensi diartikan sebagai kemampuan individu atau kelompok untuk bertahan menghadapi guncangan atau krisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah resieliensi dipengaruhi oleh kepemilikan modal dan pendapatan rumahtangga. Modal rumahtangga digunakan oleh rumahtangga petani sebagai strategi nafkah, hingga dapat membangun resiliensi rumahtangga.
Kata kunci : hutan rakyat, modal, resiliensi, strategi rumahtangga
ANALISIS JARINGAN SOSIAL DALAM GABUNGAN KELOMPOK TANI (GAPOKTAN) TANI BERKAH
Authors: Sulistiawati Asri , P Lubis Djuara
Published: December 2016

Penelitian ini menyajikan analisis jaringan sosial dalam kelompok tani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah:
(1) Menganalisis struktur komunikasi dalam jaringan sosial gapoktan. (2) Mengidentifikasi jaringan komunikasi interpersonal dalam kelompok tani, dan (3) Menganalisis hubungan karakteristik individu dengan jaringan komunikasi interpersonal. Berdasarkan hasil uji korelasi dengan karakteristik individu dan jaringan komunikasi interpersonal, menunjukkan bahwa: (1) variabel karakteristik sumberdaya individu yang berhubungan secara nyata dengan derajat sentralitas meliputi umur, skala usaha dan tingkat kepemilikan media massa. Sementara itu, tingkat pendidikan formal, status bekerja dan lama usaha tidak berhubungan secara nyata dengan derajat sentalitas. (2) Varibel karakteristik sumberdaya individu yang berhubungan nyata dengan tingkat kedekatan, meliputi umur dan tingkat kepemilikan media massa. (3) Variabel karakteristik sumberdaya individu yang berhubungan nyata dengan tingkat kebersamaan antara lain, umur, tingkat pendidikan formal dan tingkat kepemilikan media massa.
Kata kunci: jaringan sosial analisis, kebersamaan, kedekatan, sentralitas
PENGARUH EKOWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KONDISI EKOLOGI, SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI DI KAMPUNG BATUSUHUNAN, SUKABUMI
Authors: Hijriati Emma , Mardiana Rina
Published: December 2016

Ekowisata adalah perjalanan wisata yang bertanggung jawab terhadap kelestarian lingkungan dan
kesejahteraan masyarakat setempat. Peran aktif dalam mengelola potensi ekowisata ini penting karena pengetahuan alam dan potensi budaya memiliki nilai jual sebagai daya tarik ekowisata. Perkembangan ekowisata mempengaruhi masyarakat pada aspek ekologi, sosial, dan ekonomi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis  perubahan  kondisi  ekologi, sosial, dan ekonomi di Kampung Batusuhunan setelah adanya ekowisata berbasis masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran ekowisata berbasis masyarakat Batusuhunan memberikan perubahan bagi masyarakat terutama dalam aspek ekologi dan sosial. Pada aspek ekologi, penduduk telah memiliki kesadaran untuk melindungi lingkungan dengan membuang sampah pada tempatnya dan mulai menerapkan gaya hidup ramah lingkungan. Dalam aspek sosial, terjadi peningkatan kerjasama masyarakat terutama di bidang ekowisata. Kegiatan sosial di masyarakat sering diadakan sejalan dengan perkembangan ekowisata. Pada ekonomi, kesempatan kerja yang berasal dari sektor ekowisata bisa menjadi penghasilan tambahan bagi keluarga. Namun, perubahan dalam standar hidup tidak dapat dirasakan oleh masyarakat Batusuhunan karena pengembangan ekowisata baru saja dimulai dan baru berjalan selama sekitar 3 tahun.
Kata kunci: ekologi, ekonomi, ekowisata berbasis masyarakat , sosial
EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA SOSIAL UNTUK GERAKAN SOSIAL PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Rizki Kapriani Dea , P Lubis Djuara
Published: December 2016

Media sosial telah menjadi salah satu media untuk kampanye gerakan sosial pelestarian lingkungan.  
Organisasi KeSeMaT sebagai organisasi pelestarian mangrove yang mengajak masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi melalui aktivitas online dengan menggunakan @KeSEMaTdan aktivitas offline. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterlibatan followers akun @KeSEMaT dalam media sosial dan analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, untuk mendeskripsikan efektivitas akun @KeSEMaT dalam menyebabkan perubahan perilaku followers dan analisis hubungannya dengan keterlibatan dalam media sosial, dan menganalisis keterlibatan followers akun @KeSEMaT dalam kegiatan offline dan analisis hubungannya dengan perubahan perilaku. Fokus penelitian ini adalah follower akun @KeSEMaT. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang didukung dengan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingginya keterlibatan dalam media sosial dapat mempengaruhi partisipasi dalam kegiatan KeSEMaT.
Kata kunci : gerakan sosial, media sosial, pengikut, offline
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENERAPAN PRINSIP PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT DENGAN KEBERHASILAN PROGRAM CSR PT PERTAMINA
Authors: . Mutmainna , Sumarti Titik
Published: December 2016

Penerapan (CSR) merupakan suatu keharusan bagi perusahaan sebagai ungkapan kepeduliannya terhadap
kehidupan sosial dan lingkungan atas pencapaian keuntungan ekonomi. Salah satu bentuk penerapan CSR adalah pemberdayaan ekonomi lokal. Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat penerapan prinsip pengembangan masyarakat dengan keberhasilan program CSR PT Pertamina. Penerapan prinsip tingkat pengembangan masyarakat diperhitungkan melalui indikator kesesuaian program dengan kebutuhan peserta, bimbingan program dan partisipasi dalam program pengembangan ekonomi lokal. Indikator pencapaian Penerapan prinsip pengembangan masyarakat dalam program pemberdayaan ekonomi lokal, dilihat dari: tingkat partisipasi peserta dalam KUB, tingkat pendapatan peserta program dalam setahun dan tingkat keragaman nafkah peserta program. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Balongan dan Majakerta, Indramayu menggunakan metode survey dengan 60 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan (1) tingkat penerapan prinsip pengembangan masyarakat berada pada tingkat medium; (2) tingkat partisipasi non peserta dalam KUB masih rendah; tingkat pendapatan individu berada pada tingkat pendapatan rendah dan menengah; keberagaman tingkat pendapatan masih tinggi; (3) tingkat penerapan prinsip pengembangan masyarakat berhubungan positif dengan tingkat partisipasi di KUB; berhubungan negatif dengan tingkat pendapatan individu; berhubungan negatif dengan keragaman tingkat pendapatan peserta program.
Kata kunci: CSR, tingkat penerapan prinsip pengembangan masyarakat, tingkat keberhasilan program CSR, tingkat partisipasi
EFEKTIVITAS KELEMBAGAAN DESA DALAM PRAKTIK DEMOKRASI DI DESA KELANGDEPOK, PEMALANG, JAWA ABSTRACT TENGAH
Authors: Nur Ariyati Sofi , Sjaf Sofyan
Published: December 2016

Efektivitas kelembagaan desa dalam praktik pemilihan kepala daerah dipengaruhi oleh empat faktor, yaitu
faktor kelembagaan, faktor anggota kelembagaan, faktor sarana/fasilitas pendukung, dan faktor sosialmasyarakat. Pada efektivitas kelembagaan, faktor mana yang lebih berpengaruh pada tingkat efektivitas. Kemudian, pada masing-masing tingkatan dan keseluruhan praktik pemilihan kepala daerah, akan terlihat faktor yang paling dominan. Akan terlihat bahwa keanggotaan kelembagaan adalah faktor yang paling efektif diantara anggota formal dan informal. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor anggota kelembagaan mempunyai pengaruh paling signifikan terhadap tingkat efektivitas. Pada tahap persiapan, faktor yang memiliiki pengaruh paling signifikan adalah faktor sarana/fasilitas pendukung. Sementara itu, pada tahap penerapan. Keempat faktor tersebut tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Untuk keseluruhan praktik, faktor sarana/fasilitas pendukung merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh sama seperti pada tahap persiapan. Kinerja anggota yang lebih efektif pada keseluruhan praktik adalah anggota formal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, anggota informal diperkirakan menjadi lebih dilibatkan lagi dan anggota formal kinerjanya lebih ditingkatkan.  
Kata kunci : demokrasi, desa, kelembagaan
PENGARUH LIVELIHOOD ASSETS TERHADAP RESILIENSI NAFKAH RUMAHTANGGA PETANI PADA SAAT BANJIR DI DESA SUKABAKTI KECAMATAN TAMBELANG KABUPATEN BEKASI
Authors: Azzahra Fatimah , Dharmawan Arya Hadi
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of livelihood assets by farm household and their influence o n  th e leve l o f fa rm  h o u seh o ld ’s res ili en ce a t S u kab a kti villa g e.  Fa rm  h o u seh o ld  wa s d i vid e d  in to  t wo  a rea s  that was farm household in the flood area and farm household in the not flood area. In addition, the research also view structure a living that on farm, off farm, and non farm built by farm household in two areas. This study combined quantitative approach using questioner method and qualitative approach using depth interview method. The result of these study explained livelihood asset used by farmers in Sukabakti village highly influencin g  th eir resil ien ce ’s le vel.   There are significant differences between the two areas where farm household in the flood area are dominated in non farm sector, while in the not flood area are d o m ina ted  o n  fa rm  an d  o ff fa rm  secto r.  T h e lev el o f h o u seho ld ’s resil ien ce in  th e n o t flood  a rea  is h igh er  than farm household in the flood area.  
Keywords:  farm household, livelihood assets, resilience 
PERUBAHAN SOSIAL BUDAYA DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN MIGRAN BATAK DI SEKTOR INFORMAL DI KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Habibi Siregar Fuad , A. Kinseng Rilus
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this research is to analyze the changes of social culture and the level of migrant welfare Batak who worked in the informal sector in the city of Bogor. This research provides a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative approach is obtained from the results of the indepth interviews. Quantitative survey method using approaches that take the 35 respondents. There is no society which does not suffer changes Migrant Batak is no exception. Changes that occur on the migrants include Batak culture and social change in the level of well-being. Social change include the interactions he does as well as relations with his family before and after becoming migrants. Culture change includes the values of religion, customs and mindset towards material and individualist attitudes. The welfare changes include income levels, access to medical services as well as housing conditions and ownership of the valuables owned by migrant Batak before and after become migrants in the informal sector.
Keywords: changes, social structures and cultural structures, the level of migrant welfare
KONDISI SOSIO-AGRARIA LAHAN SAWAH DI KOTA SUKABUMI
Authors: Hidayat Mansur Yuda , Sutarto Endriatmo
Published: December 2016

Paddy field, the paddy planted area, is a very important land since it produces staple food –  rice. Nevertheless, the contradictory condition occurs when agricultural land converted into non-agricultural land. Agricultural land that is not protected is proned to the land conversion, especially in urban areas or the growing city. The study aimed to figure out the strategies for protecting paddy field by identifying the spatial pattern of social quality of paddy field farmers. the research methodology used mixed concurent method by using qualitative and quantitative data and it was analized by cluster analysis. The research analysis used cluster analyisis in order to show the farmer similarity characteristics of each sub-districts. T h e resu lts sh o wed ,  th e fa rm er s’s so cia l rela t io n s g rou p  is fo rm ed  o f six typ e s co m m u n ity,  n a m ely : (1 )  th e farmer owners, (2) the farmers owner also tenant, (3) the farmer owners concurrent collector (middlemen), (4) peasant (5) peasant also farm laborer, and (6) a laborer. Labor, farmers regeneration, and land tenure fragmentation influenced to land use change. The strategies can be implemented to protect sawah in S u kab u m i,  n a m ely: (1 )  b y in crea sin g  th e fa r m er’s  a g rib u sin ess ca p a c ity, (2) Formulating the action plan for regenerating young farmers, (3) by controlling the permission regarded to change of land use, (4) Sukabumi municipal buys the productive ricefields. For further, It seem should be conducted assessment on studying of the study on the Agropolis and Agroedutourism concept in Sukabumi.
Keyword: farmer community, paddy field protection strategy, social quality, sosio-agrarian

PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang  Pendekatan pembangunan selama ini mengedepankan
pada pembangunan yang berorientasi pada pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan mengesampingkan faktor-faktor sosial dan hal yang mendasar. Wiradi (2000) menyatakan bahwa pembangunan a la Orde Baru menganut paradigma modernisasi. Paradigma modernisasi bertumpu pada pandangan bahwa secara global, pembangunan itu terdiri dari empat proses, yaitu: (1) penanaman modal untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, (2) proses alih teknologi dari negara maju ke negara berkembang dalam rangka penerapan iptek bagi kegiatan produksi dan jasa, (3) proses munculnya negara-negara, dan organisasiorganisasi politik dan ekonomi skala besar, dan (4) proses urbanisasi (Wiradi 2000). 
DAMPAK OBYEK WISATA PANTAI PASIR PUTIH SITUBONDO TERHADAP PELUANG BEKERJA DAN BERUSAHA
Authors: Muthahharah Afiefah , Adiwibowo Soeryo
Published: December 2016

The objective of this research is to analyze the impact of Pasir Putih Beach’s tourisms on job and business opportunities. The results show that, first, tourism at Pasir Butih Beach strongly promote job and business opportunities for local i.e. hotel and homestay, boat rental, restaurants, peddlers, retailers, and packman. Second, with regards to full job in tourism sector, the economic contribution of tourism to total household income is quite significant. The average monthly income of the rental boatman could reach 69.3 percent (or Rp 859 700) of the total monthly income. Meanwhile for the peddler the contribution of tourism sector to the total household income reach 73.1 percent (or Rp 544 400). As for merchandise, the contribution from tourism reaches 50.3 percent (or Rp 455 500) out of the total household income.
Keyword: tourism, job opportunity, business opportunity, and household income
STRATEGI NAFKAH PEREMPUAN NELAYAN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN KELUARGA
Authors: Nur Laila Nina Evi , Amanah Siti
Published: December 2016

The livelihoods of fishery households are highly vulnerable to fishery sources due to their nature-depending catchments, fishery households in SendangBiru coastal for example. This study focused to analyse the livelihood strategy and contribution of coastal women in SendangBiru to improve their family income. Descriptive and explanatory methods using questionnaire instrument and purposive sampling were used. The responden samples are coastal women who were productively doing activities to obtain extra income for their family. Coastal women of SendangBiru have important roles to improve their family income by spending a lot of time to do productive and reproductive activities. Coastal women’s income contributions bring about significant effects on fishery families’ financial security. Most of coastal women contributions meet half of their family needs.
Keywords: livelihood strategy, coastal women, income contribution, family income