bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Disaggregated Forecasts Influence Investor Response to Subsequent Earnings Announcements
Authors: Clor-Proell Shana M. , Hirst D. Eric , Koonce Lisa , Seybert Nicholas
Published: January 2019

Firms often issue disaggregated earnings forecasts, and prior research reveals benefits to doing so. However, we hypothesize and experimentally find that the benefits of disaggregated forecasts do not necessarily carry over to the time of actual earnings announcements. Rather, disaggregated forecasts create multiple points of possible comparison between the forecast and the subsequent earnings announcement. Thus, when firms disaggregate forecasts and subsequently release disaggregated actual earnings numbers, investors reward firms that beat those multiple benchmarks, but punish firms that miss those multiple benchmarks. Thus, we show that issuing a disaggregated earnings forecast to achieve the associated benefits can backfire after the announcement of actual earnings. Our results have implications for researchers and firm managers.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Revisiting the (Mis)Pricing of Accruals
Authors: Lail Bradley , Lipe Robert C. , Yi Han S.
Published: January 2019

Our paper examines inconsistent conclusions regarding the accrual anomaly and demonstrates the importance of aligning regression specifications with hypotheses. Richardson, Sloan, Soliman, and Tuna (2005) conclude that accruals are mispriced and the mispricing seems to increase as accrual reliability decreases. Barone and Magilke (2009) and Ball, Gerakos, Linnainmaa, and Nikolaev (2016) conclude that cash flows rather than accruals are mispriced. We show that the divergent conclusions come from misalignment between the null hypothesis and regression specification in Richardson et al. (2005). In addition, analysis of the contemporaneous relations between stock returns and components of earnings supports an initial underreaction to cash flows by investors. We fail to detect links between the reliability measures in Richardson et al. (2005) and investor behavior once we align the statistical tests with the null hypothesis. Our reexamination of prior findings benefits accounting academics, standard setters, and others interested in how investors use earnings components.

JEL Classifications: M41.

Data Availability: All data used in this study are publicly available from the sources identified in the text.
CEO/CFO Resignations and the Market's Reaction to Violations of the Foreign Corruption Practices Act
Authors: Chang Jui-Chin
Published: January 2019

I examine CEOs' and CFOs' forced resignations after violations of the Foreign Corruption Practices Act (FCPA). My findings show that firms that adhere to the FCPA (FCPA firms) discipline CEOs and CFOs after violations of the act. Further, CEOs and CFOs are likely to resign after the SEC identifies them as perpetrators in these violations, and the SEC bars more CEOs and CFOs of firms that commit accounting fraud (FRAUD firms) than those of FCPA firms. Also, fewer CEOs than CFOs find a new position within five years after their resignation. Further, the market reacts significantly to the FCPA firms' announcements of bribery violations but does not react to the 8-K resignations of their CEOs or CFOs. In comparison, the magnitudes of the reactions to FRAUD firms' announcements of accounting fraud and the CEOs' or CFOs' 8-K resignations are higher than those of FCPA firms.

JEL Classifications: M41; M48; G34; G14.

Data Availability: Data are available from the sources indicated in the text.
Prologue
Authors: Case Holly
Published: January 2019

This prologue provides an overview of the history of the age of questions, and more specifically how “the x question” emerged and proliferated beginning in the 1830s. It considers when and why people started thinking in terms of “the x question,” what the phrase meant, and whether there was such a thing as an age of questions. It examines the role played by the scholastic question, or quaestio disputata, in the age of questions; how the so-called querelle des femmes that was formulated in France in the sixteenth century morphed into the question des femmes, or woman question; catechisms as likely ancestors of questions; and forerunners of later questions, including the Palladium, a publication that opened a venue in the public sphere similar to the one created by the London debating societies. Finally, it explores how official venues lent their forms to the “age of questions”.
The Argument about Force
Authors: Case Holly
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the argument about force, which views universal war and genocide, the Final Solution, as representative of the fullest realization of the age of questions. It begins with a discussion of rhetoric surrounding a “solution” to the Polish question, and how the ideal of emancipation brought with it the longing for an emancipator, an advocate and liberator. It then considers how questions were bundled to suggest or combine solutions, how equilibrium emerged as the prerequisite for a solution to the Eastern question, and how the Jewish question was formulated in the age of questions. It also explores a number of attributes of the age of questions that figured into the trajectory from a Jewish question to the Final Solution before concluding with an analysis of the chain of questions that Adolf Hitler and the Nazis opened during the years and months preceding the Great War.
The Argument about Farce
Authors: Case Holly
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on the argument about farce, which describes the age of questions as a mischievous and often malicious pretense. It chastises the smugness of querism and calls out the querists as spin doctors, first by highlighting the shadowy nature of the origins of questions, including the Jewish question, the Polish question, and the Eastern question. It then examines how period queristic mania caused more than a few to stop believing in the reality of questions, and how querists tried to invoke the empirical certainty of science to legitimate their folly. It also explains how, amid the growing consensus that final solutions were not possible, both the form and the content of interventions on questions began to change. Finally, it explores how academics in various disciplines continued to treat questions as real and assign them histories, noting in particular the proliferation of subject bibliographies on questions.
The Contested Terrain of Sufism
Authors: Zaman Muhammad Qasim
Published: January 2019

This chapter considers other expressions of contestation in the religious sphere taking place on the once expansive terrain of Sufism. Long a core part of Muslim identity, Sufi practices, doctrines, and institutions have continued into modern times to exercise considerable influence not only on common people but also on the religious and political leaders of the community. Though many among the `ulama, including the reformists in their ranks, have often had a relatively seamless relationship with Sufism, the Islamists, too, and even the modernists have been receptive to the appeal of Sufism. Yet, the conditions of modernity, the claims of the modern state, and modernist and Islamist efforts to radically reshape Islam in a particular image, with some recent help from militant Islamist groups, have hit institutional Sufism hard. Sufism has some other vulnerabilities which have also contributed to a certain shrinking of the space it has traditionally occupied in this part of the world.
Developing a Theory of Global Biodiversity
Authors: Worm Boris , Tittensor Derek P.
Published: January 2019

This chapter develops a body of theory to capture and test the key processes governing the global distribution of biodiversity. From this theory, it devises a spatial metacommunity model that enables the reconstruction of documented patterns of species richness from first principles and the prediction of their major features. The chapter starts with a simple, flexible, and tractable framework that can be built on and expanded in order to test competing hypotheses. This modeling approach may be described as an experimental toolbox for global biodiversity patterns. The aim is not necessarily to achieve the highest predictive power, but to explore the possibility space of global biodiversity patterns and their drivers.
Conservation Applications
Authors: Worm Boris , Tittensor Derek P.
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the following question: How can our knowledge of global biodiversity patterns and our understanding of underlying processes and drivers help us to apprehend, project, and reverse the trajectory of large-scale biodiversity loss? It examines global richness patterns and biodiversity hotspots on land and in the sea together. It looks at these patterns through two different lenses: (1) total species richness, and (2) relative richness across taxa. It argues that biodiversity patterns are not a static feature. In recent decades and certainly throughout Earth's history, the global magnitude and distribution of biodiversity has been dynamically changing in response to various environmental drivers, many of which are now affected by human activities. This means that the future of biodiversity is in our own hands, and future trajectories will largely depend on how we choose to constrain or manage the cumulative impacts that arise from our actions.
Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Yongle Zhang , Bell Daniel A.
Published: January 2019

CHINA’S ECONOMIC PROSPERITY has brought increasing interest in the future of its political system. In this context, the Chinese constitution has gradually become a focus of public attention. Among contemporary Chinese legal scholars, Zhu Suli’s studies on the ancient Chinese constitution occupy a unique position. His approach, radically different from the mainstream, gives rise to many new findings with deep implications for understanding contemporary China. (As Zhu Suli often uses “Su Li” as his pen name, he will be re­ferred to as Su Li hereafter.)...
The Mixed Han-Tang-Song Structure and Its Moral Ideal
Authors: Hui Wang
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, the author replies to Su Li's account of the constitution and the political order of ancient China. Su Li proposes an idea of the constitution that is different from the Constitution or constitutional law. According to the author, Su Li has made a methodological turn from constitutional text to effective constitution, which overcomes the conventional approach of legal interpretation that treats Western constitutions as models for the Chinese constitution. The author expresses his reservations regarding Su Li's functionalist approach, noting that the classical constitution of China cannot be reduced to a set of structural-functional relationships appealing to the taste of modern social sciences. The author offers his own approach by citing the evolution of ancient China's cosmology and system of beliefs and knowledge, which he insists are also active forces that shape political life and can help us understand the cultural foundation underlying Chinese institutions.
“We Have to Figure Out Where We Lost People”
Authors: Smolkin Victoria
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how the atheist apparatus mobilized the social sciences in order to map patterns of Soviet secularization and understand religious modernization. It first considers the revival of the social sciences and social scientists' role in ideological work before discussing the research carried out by the Institute of Scientific Atheism (INA), especially on the religiosity of the Soviet population. It then explores how atheists tried to figure out how atheism could fulfill spiritual needs in order to develop a positive foundation for atheism, as well as their focus on the role of families and their realization that emotions played a key role in religion. Finally, it describes the Penza project and its claim that the social sciences could be harnessed to finally produce an effective plan for achieving “a society free of religion”.
The Socialist Way of Life
Authors: Smolkin Victoria
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how the Soviet Communist Party sought to cultivate a socialist way of life in order to overcome ideological indifference and develop atheist conviction, especially among the youth. Using the social sciences and the results of sociological research, the Soviet Communist Party identified a particularly worrisome trend: young people's growing indifference to religion and atheism. The chapter first considers how the party shifted the focus of atheist work to the production of the socialist way of life as a spiritual project before discussing the creative intelligentsia's god-seeking. It then explores the ways that the party tried to address Soviet society's growing interest in spiritual culture, the spiritual consumerism and indifference of Soviet youth, and the debate over the role of atheism in the greater project of building Soviet Communism. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the return of religion to public life and its implications.
Authority, Identity, and the Bible in the Early Republic
Authors: Perry Seth
Published: January 2019

This book examines “the authority of the Bible” in the decades after the American Revolution. The early post-revolutionary period has long been recognized by historians as a tumultuous era for both religion and politics. During these years, the Bible emerged as a source of symbols and models for the creation of authoritative relationships. The phrase “the authority of the Bible” was in reference to the Bible's status as a complicated site of contestation with respect to religious authority. This book explores the print-bible culture that made various forms of bible usage possible in the early Republic. It considers the authoritative importance of explicit reference to Protestant religious authority as an aspect of biblical facility, as well as the association of the Bible with political identity. Finally, it analyzes the place of print-bible culture, citationality, performance, and the scripturalization of biblically resonant visionary texts in earliest Mormonism, and more specifically Joseph Smith.
Voices of Authority
Authors: Sassi Maria Michela
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how Greek authors placed their activity within a recognized literary tradition, that of epic poetry, in order to give authority to their message. It first explains how a certain number of authors stress their detachment from the poetic tradition in combining the choice of new contents with new and more appropriate guarantees of truth, taking into account the views of the Homeric bard and other philosophers such as Hesiod and Xenophanes with respect to the Muses. It then considers Empedocles and Parmenides's adoption of the formal trappings of epic poetry as soundbox for their authorial voice, as well as the role played by reason in the evolution of Presocratic thought. It concludes with a discussion of how, during the second half of the fifth century BCE, prose became the medium of rational argumentation par excellence.
Genera Mixta
Authors: Lamb Jonathan
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses how fiction, and the genre of romance in particular, supplies the scorbutic imagination with models suitable for “peculiarity.” Having suggested in Chapter 4 that there may be something like an aesthetics of the dazzled eye, it explores the possibility of a connection between that and the genres of scorbutic literature. The histories of scurvy and fiction arrive at a curious junction in the work of Trotter and Beddoes. In their later work on the nervous temperament, they cite novels not so much as an epistemological or aesthetic blemish on modern culture but as a significant challenge to public health. Earlier in the century, George Cheyne estimated nervous diseases as comprising a third of all maladies; but by the beginning of the nineteenth century, they had grown and diversified so rapidly that, according to Trotter, they represented two-thirds of the whole catalogue.
Coda
Authors: May James , Harrison Fiona
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses the neurological basis of scurvy. The physical symptoms of extreme vitamin C deficiency, i.e., scurvy, have been described in numerous ships' logs, diaries, and medical texts, stretching back for hundreds of years. Examples include hemorrhage, and the characteristic broken blood vessels under the skin; and hyperkeratosis, or changes in hair such as thinning, alopecia, and corkscrew hairs on the limbs. However, modern techniques in neuroscience research have revealed the highly complex roles of vitamin C in the brain, which may have changed the behavior of those experiencing long periods of nutritional deficiencies. The most important roles for vitamin C, also known as ascorbate and ascorbic acid, are in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the brain, and for protection of neurons (brain cells) against damage by a constant barrage of free radicals.
Introduction
Authors: Lerner Robert E.
Published: January 2019

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the life and work of Ernst Kantorowicz (1895–1963). Kantorowicz is considered one of the most influential of all medieval historians, if not the most influential. His book The King's Two Bodies has been kept in print by Princeton University Press since its first appearance in 1957. The steady sales and numerous translations reflect the fact that Kantorowicz's book has had extraordinary resonance in several disciplines: not only in history but in art history, literary criticism, and political thought. After the Nazis took power, Kantorowicz courageously spoke against them as a full professor from the lecture platform to an overflowing crowd in Frankfurt in November 1933. In 1938 he barely escaped Kristallnacht and fled first to England and then the United States, where in the fall of 1939 he took a one-year position at Berkeley.
“With Rifle and Gun”
Authors: Lerner Robert E.
Published: January 2019

This chapter details Kantorowicz' life in the army with the outbreak of World War I. Kantorowicz enlisted in August 14, 1914. His speed in enlisting was typical. Tens of thousands of young German men, including Jews, stormed the recruiting stations. On September 17, Kantorowicz was sent to join his regiment on the western front. He received successive promotions. He entered the army as a private (Soldat) and moved up by steps from private first class, to corporal, to sergeant (Vizewachtmeister), a noncommissioned officer rank he attained in October 1915. In June 1915 he received the Iron Cross, second class. On July 5, 1916, he joined a field artillery regiment that was in the midst of the battle of Verdun.
Frederick II
Authors: Lerner Robert E.
Published: January 2019

This chapter details the success of Ernst Kantorowicz's biography of emperor Frederick II, Kaiser Friedrich der Zweite, which was published at the end of March 1927 with an initial run of 2,600 copies. Several qualities mentioned in the reviews account for the book's attractiveness for large numbers of readers. Not least was its “brilliant” style. Kantorowicz was a forceful writer, taken to employing high-flown rhetoric, alliteration, and sometimes archaic diction for dramatic effect. The book featured memorable portraits, brightly colored scenes, literary allusions. References to classical Latin literature and mythology also served for flavor. Half a century after its publication the work was excerpted in a French literary magazine for its literary qualities.
“Scarcely Wants to Go to Germany”
Authors: Lerner Robert E.
Published: January 2019

This chapter details Ernst Kantorowicz's hatred for Nazi Germany. He once told a favorite student in Berkeley, “as far as Germany is concerned they can put a tent over the entire country and turn on the gas.” After war broke out, Kantorowicz wrote mordantly about the aggressive lust of his compatriots: “Europa once more is being raped by a bull.” On the day of Germany's surrender in May 1945 Kantorowicz skipped his regular lecture in his Renaissance class to comment on the event and its significance. He referred to the Nazi regime as a “monstrous obscenity” and pronounced that “the worst grotesquerie of the world saw to it that in Hitler excrement was made flesh.”
Partner Organization Challenges
Authors: Karlan Dean , Appel Jacob
Published: January 2019

This chapter looks at the challenges that arise from working with partner organizations. Evaluations provide evidence about effectiveness and impact, and offer operational insights that can spur improvements to products and processes. From a researcher's perspective, partnerships with practitioners offer access to the people who live and breathe the issues in question. However, along with the mutual benefits of partnerships come unique challenges, one of which is limited staff flexibility and bandwidth. Partner organization staff typically have tremendous expertise, but often experimental protocols require making changes to familiar tasks. This raises the question of staff capacity and appetite to learn new skills and routines. As such, researchers should seek out partners who genuinely want to learn about their programs and products; who are ready, willing, and able to dedicate an appropriate amount of organizational capacity to research; and who are open to the possibility that not all the answers will be positive.
Poultry Loans
Authors: Karlan Dean , Appel Jacob
Published: January 2019

This chapter looks at the Poultry Loan, a credit-to-savings intervention. Through an informational and promotional campaign, the researchers recruited fifty participants willing to try poultry farming and launched a pilot. At this stage the research did not include an impact evaluation but just sought to determine whether the model was operationally viable. Strictly speaking, this case is not a failure. It is actually a prime example of an appropriate pilot. That said, even the limited pilot offers failures worth discussing, all related to the research setting. First, at the front line of implementation, local financial services organization Sahastradhara KGFS's unexpectedly lengthy software update caused a timing problem. Second, the complexity of the intervention made it challenging to roll out all at once. The third lesson goes back to the beginning of the story, before Poultry Loans were even an idea.
Dream Skepticism
Authors: Sosa Ernest
Published: January 2019

This chapter talks about how pure reason (deductive or inductive) will not yield nearly enough of what one believes ordinarily. People's knowledge of hands and fires is not explicable based on proper reasoning from the agent's reflectively accessible subjective states. One should reject the sheer assumption that only reasoning from the foundational given will provide or explain whatever knowledge one may enjoy. The chapter shows how academic skeptics are more assertive in claiming that they know nothing, either in general or in some large department of their supposed knowledge. It considers the claim that humans know nothing at all, and demonstrates that if the very making of a claim commits the global skeptic also to knowledge of what is claimed, then they contradict themselves.
Knowledge as Action
Authors: Sosa Ernest
Published: January 2019

This chapter argues that judgment and knowledge itself are forms of intentional action. Such action falls under a certain normative structure of success, competence, and aptness, or success that manifests competence. Judgment is a special case falling under that structure. The chapter explains that intentional actions come in two sorts. An attempt is an intentional action, an endeavor to attain a certain objective. An attempt can fail and remain a mere attempt, whereas an achievement is a certain sort of successful attempt. Intentional actions are one sort of performance. Some performances are also aimings, however, without being intentional. These, too, can fail and remain mere aimings, to be distinguished from those that are successful.
The Value of Human Knowledge
Authors: Sosa Ernest
Published: January 2019

This chapter addresses the question of what sort of normativity is constitutive of a person's knowledge. A belief that falls short of knowledge is thereby inferior. A satisfactory answer to the value problem likely requires a correct view of the definitional problem. Two of Plato's best-known dialogues are inquiries about knowledge. The Theaetetus inquires into its nature, while the Meno into its value. Scholars assume that knowledge requires a belief that is true, and therefore asks what condition must a belief satisfy, in addition to being true, in order to constitute knowledge. This question about the nature of knowledge has been central to epistemology in recent decades, as it had been for Plato.
Knowledge and Justification
Authors: Sosa Ernest
Published: January 2019

This chapter offers a way out for the externalist virtue epistemologist, with implications for the perennial problematic of radical skepticism. Consisting of three parts, the chapter outlines some main components of the epistemology laid out in the earlier chapters while providing further historical context. The first part briefly reprises the account of knowledge as action using the notion of epistemic competence, then connects this with central ideas of Aristotle's ethics and Descartes' epistemology. This analysis then illuminates epistemic justification in part two and radical skepticism in part three. The chapter shows that only with understanding of how knowledge is constituted can scholars properly seek the place of epistemic justification in that constitution.
Peran Peradilan Islam dalam Penegakan Hukum Islam di Kesultanan Buton
Authors: Asni Asni
Published: January 2019

This article tries to reveal the existence of the Islamic Courts in the Sultanate of Buton to measure the extent of its role in the enforcement of Islamic Law in the past. History explains that when Islam entered the territory of Southeast Sulawesi, the kingdom of Buton changed its status to Buton Sultanate and applied Islamic law throughout the empire. Using historical approach, the researcher succeeded in revealing the fact that in the area of the past Sultanate of Buton, once stood two institutions of Islamic Court named Syarana Adati and Syarana Hukumu or Syarana Agama. The authority of Syarana Adati was to deal with criminal cases where as Syarana Hukumu or Syarana Agama took care of certain civil cases such as marriage, divorce and inheritance. Despite the separation of authority, the two institutions can be categorized as Islamic Courts because the legal system used as a backdrop was Islamic Law. The study also finds out that the two institutions play a significant role in the upholding of Islamic law in the past as they were supported by the kingdom, and a strong legal culture both among law enforcers and in the community
Aborsi dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Islam (Analisis terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah No. 61 tahun 2014 tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi)
Authors: Fidawaty Linda
Published: January 2019

This article examines the Government Regulation PP No. 61 of 2014 regulating mechanism and procedures of abortion in the case of rape victims from the perspectives of Human Rights and Islamic Law. The regulation, which is the implementation of Article 75 paragraph (1) of the Health Act, states that abortion is prohibited unless there is an indication of medical emergency and pregnancy due to rape. According to the rules, the implementation of abortion must fulfill some procedures such as:pregnancy verification, doctor’s certificate, investigator’s statement, and psychologist’s information about the occurrence of rape. In 39/1999 ofHuman Rights Act, unless it is aimed atprotecting the mother and child’s life, abortionis considered as violating human rights. In Islamic law, the regulation of abortion for rape victims varies widely, depending on circumstances.
Ijtihad Ekonomi dalam Pengelolaan Aset Wakaf
Authors: Mu'allim Amir
Published: January 2019

Di dalam Fikih Islam, setiap kasus yang tidak secara tegas disebutkan ketentuan hukumnya oleh dalil secara otomatis masuk ke dalam ranah penafsiran hukum (ijtihad). Hal ini berlaku juga untuk kasus wakaf. Mengingat pelaksanaannya tidak secara detail dijelaskan dalam Aquran dan Hadits maka hal tersebut menjadi sangat terbuka bagi penafsiran yang eksibel dan dinamis. Studi ini menelaah tentang praktik wakaf pada Yayasan Badan Wakaf Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) dan Yayasan Badan Wakaf Sultan Agung (YBSA), Semarang. Fokus persoalan pada penelitian ini adalah model ijtihad ekonomi yang dijadikan landasan dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangan wakaf. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa fakta bahwa YBSA menjadikan seluruh aset yayasan sebagai aset wakaf meskipun sebenarnya seluruh aset yang ada merupakan hasil pengembangan dari modal wakaf (pada awalnya berupa sekolah-sekolah dasar kemudian berkembang hingga memiliki perguruan tinggi dan Rumah Sakit). Dalam kajian hukum Islam, menggabungkan modal dengan hasil pengembangan sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh YBSA merupakan ijtihad baru dalam pengelolaan wakaf dan diistilahkan dengan ijtihad ekonomi.
Konsep Maslahat dalam Menyikapi Masalah Kontemporer (Studi Komparatif al-Tûfi dan al-Ghazali)
Authors: Hermanto Agus
Published: January 2019

The concept of maslahat offered by al-Ghazali is more general, compared to the concept offered by al-Tûfi. On the similarity side, both al-Ghazali and al-Tûfi alike have the principle that maslahat theory can be used as an Islamic law to address contemporary issues, although both develop this concept from the earlier scholars especially Imam Malik first pioneering. But both have different concepts, al-Ghazali emphasizes more on the criteria and definitions of the maslahat, both mu’tabarah, mulgha and mursalah, but al-Tûfi actually develops from maslahahmursalah, using much more reason and logic than al-Ghazali, even assumes that al-Tûfi seems strange compared to other figures and is considered inconsistent with his Hanbal school, nevertheless al-Tûfi remained confined to al-mu’âmalah and ‘âdat and not worship and muqaddarah territories.
Keberpihakan Hukum Islam Terhadap Perlindungan Anak
Authors: Nurjanah Siti
Published: January 2019

Child protection has become an important issue in the modern world. To guarantee the future generations, children must be protected from all forms of of interference, threats, violence and exploitation carried out by adults. Protection is not only charged to parents, but also to the community, nation and state. This article tries to examine the attitude of Islam towards the issue of child protection through a search of syara arguments. Especially in the Qur'an and in the Hadith. This study finds out that Islam has a broader perspective. In guaranteeing the needs of children. The guarantees start when they are still in the wombs (fetus) to adulthood. This can be understood from the provisions of the Shari'ah which prohibits abortion and provide relief for pregnant women not to fast during the month of Ramadan. In addition, Islam also gives rights to children, such as the right to life, the right to have aqiqah (religious redemption), the right to have a good name, the right to receive breastfeeding for two years, and so on.
Urgensi Penerapan Lembaga Dwangsom (Uang Paksa) Pada Perkara Hadhânah di Pengadilan Agama dalam Perspektif Maqâshid al-Syarî’ah
Authors: Huzaimah Arne , Aziz Syaiful
Published: January 2019

This article discusses the implemention of the forced money (dwangsom institution) in the hadhânah case in the Religious Courts from the perspective of maqâshid al-shariah. This study found that the application of dwangsom sentences for hadhânah cases is very important to be applied, especially to the defendant who objects to carrying out court decisions; or default to the agreement; or there will be difficulties at the time of execution; or the plaintiff suffers a loss. In addition, implementing dwangsom in the hadhânah case will pave the way for the benefit of children who are still in the process of growth even though their parents divorce. Therefore, even if not asked by the plaintiff, the judge himself can decide the dwangsom sentence to the defendant to ensure the fulfillment of the needs of the children.
Pengupahan dalam Sistem Upah Indonesia dan Islam
Authors: Ghofur Ruslan Abdul
Published: January 2019

The conflict between workers and employers has become a routine phenomenon in the world of labor in Indonesia. From a number of demands that have arisen in each demonstration, the issue of wages has always been the main issue voiced by the workers. The government has actually attempted to mediate this issue by issuing a regulation on Provincial Minimum Wages (UMP) and Minimum Wages for City/District (UMK). The issue of wages, however, always ranks first in the demands of the workers. This article compares the concept of wages in the capitalistic economic system with the concept of wages in Islam. The aim is to get an idea of how each system regulates the relationship between workers and employers. This study finds out that in Islamic economics, wages (ujrah) are product of a system of cooperative help which is manifested in a contract of an employment agreement. Whereas in a capitalistic economic system, labor is more valued as one type of commodity or capital goods that will produce a new value.
REKONSTRUKSI KONSEP NUSYÛZ DALAM PEMIKIRAN FIKIH FEMINIS KEADILAN
Authors: Alamsyah Alamsyah
Published: January 2019

The classical fiqh clerics, when defining the word “al-rijâlu qawwâm...” in surah al-Nisa’ verses 34-35, interpreted it as “a husband who becomes a family leader”. From this interpretation, a wife is obliged to obey her husband and the nusyûz act applies only for the wives. In contrast, according to feminist fiqh views, such as Muhammad Syahrûr and Musdah Mulia, Nusyûz is an act of defiance of God’s commands. Therefore hurting the heart of a wife or husband, both through speech and deed, is nusyûz (disobedient). This article compares the views of classical scholars with modern thinkers about the problem of nusyûz in the family. This study concludes that modern thinking is more in line with the principles of equality and justice taught in the Qur’an. Thus, nusyûz can not only happen to the wife but also can be applied to the husband.
Наночастицы на основе гидроксиапатита и порфиринфуллерена для диагностического и терапевтического применения парамагнитных ионов и радионуклидов
Authors: Орлова М. А. , Николаев А. Л. , Трофимова Т. П. , Орлов А. П. , Северин А. В. , Калмыков С. Н.
Published: January 2019

Использование наночастиц как носителей лекарственных средств широко изучается. Одним из важных вопросов остается изменение размеров и цитотоксических свойств частиц в процессе их получения и применения. Целью работы было исследовать возможную агрегацию [67Zn]порфиринфуллерен-наночастиц (BFNP) в зависимости от времени и провести сравнительный анализ свойств наночастиц гидроксиапатита (HAP), полученных различными способами. Оказалось, что агрегация BFNP качественно не влияет на функцию наночастиц, но количественно уменьшает их воздействие на лейкемические клетки. Варьирование способов получения и обработки наночастиц НАР позволяет менять их форму, размеры и сорбционную способность по отношению к ионам металлов, а также лигандам и комплексам. Используя ферментативный метод, мы получили НАР с заранее заданными свойствами путем варьирования условий синтеза. Полученные наночастицы НАР представляют собой радиопрепараты, содержащие короткоживущие изотопы цинка и меди (в виде ионов и соединений — производных тиазина и пиримидина). Эти наноконструкции содержат два антиопухолевых компонента (радионуклид и лиганд или комплекс), что определяет их фармакологический потенциал для диагностики и лучевой терапии.
Наноструктурированный фотосенсибилизатор на основе тетракатионного производного бактериохлорина для антибактериальной фотодинамической терапии
Authors: Меерович Г. А. , Ахлюстина Е. В. , Тиганова И. Г. , Макарова Е. А. , Филипова Н. И. , Романишкин И. Д. , Алексеева Н. В. , Лукьянец Е. А. , Романова Ю. М. , Лощёнов В. Б.
Published: January 2019

Задача повышения эффективности антибактериальной ФДТ делает актуальными создание и исследование фотосенсибилизаторов (ФС) на основе поликатионных синтетических бактериохлоринов. Целью настоящей работы было изучить в широком диапазоне концентраций фотофизические и антибактериальные свойства наноструктурированного ФС на основе 3-Py4BСHp4Br4, тетракатионного амфифильного производного синтетического бактериохлорина. Наноструктурированную дисперсию ФС получили путем его солюбилизации в 4%-м Kolliphor ELP (BASF). Исследование интенсивности и формы спектров поглощения и флуоресценции в диапазоне концентраций от 0,001 до 0,2 мМ продемонстрировало низкую агрегацию этого ФС во всем диапазоне и высокую эффективность фотодинамической инактивации грамположительных бактерий S. aureus и грамотрицательных бактерий P. aeruginosa и K. pneumoniae.
Tradisi Makkuluhuwallah dalam Ritual Kematian Suku Bugis
Authors: Hudri Misbah , Yudantiasa Muhammad Radya
Published: January 2019

This study examines the local tradition of Buginese tribe community in South Sulawesi that is death ritual, precisely in Tadang Palie village. The death ritual is named Makkuluhuwallah taken from the first verse of Surat al-IkhlÄs. The surat is usually recited about 15,000 times to 100,000 times in seven days. The uniqueness of Makkuhuwallah is the medium used to calculate the number of recitations by using gravel. After a seventh day, the pebbles will be placed above the grave or gravestone. This research type is qualitative research which its data processing system used is descriptive-analytic. The working instrument combines library studies and field studies. This study also wants to see how the Qur'an is responded by a popular society with the term Living Qur'an Study. The author finds the reason behind the use of the surah al-IkhlÄs in Makkuluhuwallah procession. It is based on the public receptions of al-IkhlÄs. Surat al-IkhlÄs includes the shortest letter in the Qur'an and has a great prominence (faá¸Ä«lah). The prominence of al-IkhlÄs is often found in a hadith which states that reciting surat al-IkhlÄs is equal with the whole of the Qur'an. Logically, reciting al-IkhlÄs three times already completes the whole al-Quran especially when reciting it thousand times. The writer suspects that motivation is the basis of the implementation of Makkuluhuwallah.
The Influence of Entrepreneurship Education on The Business Performance Through Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: Amaliawati Sabrina , Martono Trisno , Indrawati Cicilia Dyah Sulistyaningrum
Published: January 2019

The research was conducted at MSMEs Batik KampungLaweyan, Surakarta City, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Problems that occur in MSMEs Batik Laweyan is a decrease in sales turnover and some MSMEs bankruptcy. This research aims to determine the influence of entrepreneurship education on business performance through entrepreneurial intentions. The method used is descriptive method with a survey approach. The number of respondents in this research were 67 MSMEs owners. Testing the hypothesis in this research using PLS-SEM analysis with the help of software SmartPLS 3.0. The results showed (a) entrepreneurial education has a positive and significant influence on entrepreneurial intentions (original sample 0.276 & t-value 2.136> 1.96), (b) entrepreneurial education has a positive and significant influence on business performance (orginal sample 0.235 & t-value 2,960> 1.96), (c) entrepreneurial intention has a positive and significant influence on business performance (orginal sample 0.323 & t-value 1.96), (d) entrepreneurial education has an indirect influence on business performance through entrepreneurial intentions (the values of indirect influence is 0.089).
Instructional Design of CALL Course in Indonesian Higher Education for Future English Teachers: A Case Study
Authors: Azmina Badi’atul , Fauziati Endang , Drajati Nur Arifah
Published: January 2019

Along with the development of technology, the demand for sufficient preparation program of a future English teacher is increasing. This study aims to explore how the instructional design of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) course in Indonesian higher education for future English Teachers. The focus of this study is on the syllabus implementation of CALL course including the objectives of the CALL course, the CALL materials, and classroom activities in CALL course. The setting of the research was in the English Education Department in one of Islamic University in Indonesia. It is qualitative research with case study design. The data collecting methods are document analysis, observation, and interview. The result revealed that specific syllabus was used in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) preparation program for future English Teachers. It covers of objectives of the CALL course, CALL materials, and CALL activities. The primary objective of the course is those future English teachers are expected to be able to do English teaching and learning using media and technology-based approach. It is reflected on the materials and the activities of CALL course. The materials include theories as well as practices of CALL. Further, the activities encourage future English teachers to review several applications and websites to be used in English teaching and learning, also, practice in designing CALL activities. The implication of this study is for example of designing Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) course for future English Teachers
Barreiras verticais de contenção de contaminantes em águas subterrâneas: Análise Hierárquica
Authors: Pretto José , Batista Priscila , Leite Adilson , Kormann Alessander , Medeiros Marcelo , Boszczowski Roberta
Published: January 2019

A remediação de contaminações em águas subterrâneas e no solo tem sido alvo de estudos devido ao alto impacto e custo de recuperação. Um dos métodos utilizados para a contenção de plumas contaminantes é a cortina vertical. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo escolher a partir de dados de propriedades índice, hidráulicas, físico-químicas e mecânicas, o melhor material, entre quatro alternativas, a ser utilizado nas cortinas verticais com a função de contenção de plumas contaminantes. Os quatro tipos de materiais analisados foram um solo natural (SN), um solo natural com bentonita (SB), um solo natural com bentonita e cimento (SBC) e bentonita pura (B). O Método de Análise Hierárquica (AHP) foi utilizado como ferramenta de tomada de decisão para escolha da melhor solução de contenção, sendo utilizados dois critérios (caracterização e permeabilidade) e três subcritérios para a caracterização (caracterização geotécnica, físico química e resistência). Devido à indisponibilidade de dados de resistência da bentonita foram realizadas três análises, as quais indicaram o solo natural (SN) como sendo a melhor alternativa devido à influência relativa da permeabilidade.
Datação de sedimentos costeiros e uso do piezocone para definir estratigrafia
Authors: Dias Claudio , Bastos Everaldo
Published: January 2019

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é explorar o uso dos ensaios de piezocone como um método para definir a estratigrafia de sequências de sedimentos do Quaternário e contribuir para a descrição dos diferentes padrões de flutuação do nível médio do mar e sua influência para a costa sul do Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. Além disso, pretende-se correlacionar resultados de ensaios de datação por radiocarbono (C14) de amostras retiradas entre as profundidades de 15 e 45 metros em relação ao nível do mar, na área de um estaleiro em Rio Grande, assim como ensaios de datação de solo em outro sítio, como apresentado em estudos de sedimentologia, paleontologia e palinologia.
Propriedades geotécnicas dos sedimentos da formação barreiras no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte - Brasil
Authors: Júnior Olavo , Coutinho Roberto , Severo Ricardo
Published: January 2019

A Formação Barreiras é uma unidade geológica de natureza sedimentar que aflora em uma faixa ao longo de aproximadamente 4000 km no litoral Brasileiro. Na Região Nordeste a Formação Barreiras dá suporte a várias cidades e suas infraestruras. Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar, sumarizar e interpretar de forma conjunta os vários trabalhos desenvolvidos sobre os aspectos geotécnicos da Formação Barreiras no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram analisados os aspectos de constituição mineralógica, caracterização geotécnica e propriedades mecânicas dos sedimentos. A Formação Barreiras apresenta perfis com sedimentos areno-argilosos e areno-siltosos laterizados na superfície, seguidos de uma camada com cimentação ferrugi nosa (lateritas) e na parte inferior apresentam-se mais argilosos. A permeabilidade é baixa, o material da base é colapsível e todo o perfil apresenta-se com baixo grau de saturação. A resistência e o comportamento tensão-deformação são fortemente influenciados pela cimentação entre as partículas e pela sucção.
Modelagem geoestatística aplicada à elaboração de modelos geológicos
Authors: Oliveira Bruno , Antônio Gabriela
Published: January 2019

Os estudos geológicos são de extrema importância quando se trata da elaboração de projetos de engenharia civil visto que após a definição da diretriz de uma obra linear, seja um canal ou um túnel, torna-se necessário conhecer as características geológico-geotécnicas, profundidades e categorias dos materiais, no caso de projetos que envolvam escavações. Com o intuito de obter tais informações, são executadas investigações geológico-geotécnicas diretas e/ou indiretas somente ao longo do eixo do empreendimento, devido ao seu elevado custo e tempo de execução, mesmo que as operações de terraplenagem se estendam além do eixo investigado. Diante desse contexto, o presente trabalho propõe realizar uma modelagem geoestatística utilizando a cokrigagem com objetivo de determinar as superfícies de contato entre as diferentes classes de materiais, levando em consideração a classificação de materiais em categorias de escavação. De posse das superfícies, foi possível elaborar um modelo tridimensional, um perfil longitudinal e seções transversais, mostrando a variabilidade das espessuras dos materiais gerados pelo modelo, capazes de orientar planos de investigações futuras e/ou auxiliar na elaboração de projetos.
DEFINISANJE SKUPA PODATAKA ZA VIZUELIZACIJU DISTRIBUTIVNE MREŽE
Authors: Pavlović Sara
Published: January 2019

Savremenu distributivnu mrežu čini neizmeran broj entiteta, pa je njena sveobuhvatna vizueli­zacija nepraktična za nadzor i upravljanje. Rješenje ovog problema je u prikazu samo važnih entiteta, tj. entiteta koji su od značaja korisniku, dok se preostali entiteti grupišu u cjeline. Da bi se postigao cilj, iskorišćena je radijalna struktura distributivne mreže. Mreža je opisana pomoću grafa i upotrebom Primovog algoritma kreirano je minimalno razapinjuće stablo koje obuhvata važne entitete mreže. Potom se stablo dijeli na odgovarajuće segmente, koji se šalju na prikaz. Rezultat ovakvog pristupa je jasna vizuelizacija distributivne mreže.
PROJEKTOVANJE VERIFIKACIONOG OKRUŽENJA ZA APB2SPI NA UVM METODOLOGIJI
Authors: Lašu Čongor
Published: January 2019

Zadatak master rada jeste projektovanje verifikacionog okruženja za modul koji je APB2SPI, zasnovano na UVM metodologiji, programski jezik je SystemVerilog. Zadatak je pisanje dokumenata koji su verifikacioni plan i verifikaciona arhitektura, razvijanje UVC-eva, i razvijanje testova koji proveravaju osobine dizajna.
PRIMENA NETWORK PROTECTOR-A U PAMETNIM DISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŽAMA
Authors: Ganujović Marko
Published: January 2019

U radu je analiziran rad Network Protector-a i njihova primena u pametnim distributivnim mrežama. Opisana je funkcionalnost i način rada Network Protector-a, kao i Load Transfer Management funkcija koja se zasniva na radu Network Protector-a. Razmatranja su ilustrovana odgovarajućim primerom.
SERVER I EKSTENZIJA ZA VS CODE OKRUŽENJE ZA PODRŠKU JEZICIMA BAZIRANIM NA TEXTX ALATU
Authors: Elero Daniel
Published: January 2019

U ovom radu implementirana je ekstenzija za Visual Studio Code okruženje koja jezicima baziranim na alatu textX omogućava: prijavljivanje grešaka, dopunu koda, skok na definiciju pravila, prikaz svih referenci i code lens. Ekstenziju čine dve komponente: server i klijent, a njihova komunikacija odvija se preko Language Server Protocol-a.