bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHARMACEUTICAL MARKETING: OBJECTIVES AND TYPES
Authors: Smolynets I.B. , Gutyj B.V. , Khariv І.І. , Petryshak O.Y. , Lytvyn R.I.
Published: October 2016

Pharmaceutical marketing objectives and types depending on demand state are overviewed in this article. Pharmaceutical enterprise has always a certain idea of the desired level of market demand. In practice demand is not always in accordance with level that has been predicted. One can strictly outline eight situations that characterise the state of demand. Every such situation is in accordance with certain marketing managerial task and its types. Conversional marketing is related tomedicines’ negative demand and medical services availability, e.g. such kind of situation, when they cannot find their own buyer at substantial part of potential market. Stimulating marketing is related to demand absence, e.g. state, when potential market does not reveal (or almost does not reveal) interest towards concrete proposal. Marketing that develops is related to medicines demand, that is at the stage of formation (hidden demand). Potential (hidden) demand occurs when certain consumers part need real problem solving, that cannot remain satisfied with the medicines and medical services that are available at the market. Remarketing is related to medicines or medical services decreasing demand situation for a particular period of time, as a result of moral degradation, not consideration sale stimulation tools, advertising updates, and competition factors. Sync marketing (irregular marketing) is related to uneven demand, its fluctuation: seasonality (medicines against a cold,stomach–intestinal diseases and etc.); daily (pharmacies are more often attended during the weekdays, less – at the weekend); hourly (pharmacies are most often attended in a period of time from eight to eleven in the morning and from five to seven in the evening accordingly to research data). Supportive marketing is related to satisfied demand availability. Demarketing is related to surplus of demand, so medicines demand is higher than its supply (producing opportunities). Counteractive marketingis related to irrational (non rational) demand, with harmfulness in terms of health, consumer and society welfare. Market research provisions medicines demand study and projection, price analysis and rivals medicines, market capacity determination and enterprise’s share on it. Such kind of analysis assists to estimate market opportunities and determine attractive marketing activity direction, where enterprise can acquire competitive advantages
МЕТАБОЛІЧНІ ПРОЦЕСИ В РУБЦІ ТА ПРОДУКТИВНИЙ ЕФЕКТ У ТЕЛЯТ ЗА ДІЇ ЙОНОФОРУ
Authors: Vozna O. , Zayats O.
Published: October 2016

Functions tricarboxylic acid and a cyclic fatty acid synthesis process is only possible under normal carbohydrate metabolism. It is therefore important to know the nature of the normal state of metabolism in the rumen and the reasons for its violations, and have the knowledge and skill in time to influence exogenous factors. Among the latter is particularly important metabolic engineering that by constructing the scale and speed of the cascade of reactions major transformations appropriate combinations of substrates and other effectors, yields on high–quality animals and productive effect.The article presents experimental data on the effect of antibiotic feed additive monensin on metabolic processes in the rumen of calves and its productive effect. The results of carbohydrate metabolism studies with mixed populations of microorganisms rumen of ruminant animals of the additive ionophore expand the existing information about its role in the assimilation of nutritious diet substances, as well as complementary data on the features of influence on of intermediate exchange and productive effect of exogenous factors substrate–ergotropic complex that, in ultimately, it allows the construction of a significant acceleration of anabolic and achieve high levels of performance.Research evidence that growing calves, especially when switching to vegetarian diet, supplements ionophore significant effect on scar of intermediate metabolism.Feeding calves antibiotic feed additive monensin at a dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight per day, showing a measurable impact on the metabolic processes in the rumen, especially during the habituation of animals to the vegetation and in subsequent periods of feeding. This effect is primarily a change in the molar ratio of VFA (increase the molar proportion of propionate at the expense of acetate), and the average daily gain in growth by 10.4% (1037 against 939 g).
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЧУБУШНИКА ЯК ЛІКАРСЬКОЇ РОСЛИНИ
Authors: Ishchenko V.D. , Kostenko S.V. , Kostenko V.M. , Tymoshyk Y.V.
Published: October 2016

Medicinal plants are insufficiently studied and almost endless. The use of phytomedication enables reduce the impact of xenobiotics on animals organism through the natural origin of active compounds and associated and auxiliary substances smoothing the basic action and prevent the manifestation of side effects. One of such plants the possibility of using in veterinary practice is still insufficiently studied is mock–orange. Considering on the important role of phenolic compounds in the metabolic regulation of plant and diversity of impact of these substances on organism of animals and humans, in leaves of mock–oranges different cultivar was identified the content of phenolic secondary metabolites to identify the prospects for their further using in veterinary medicine. The qualitative reaction with the Wilson reagent, solution of iron (III) chloride and by cyanidin reaction in extracts from mock–orange leaves was established the presence of phenolic compounds. Further phytochemical investigations established that the content of phenols in the investigated extracts is between 33.0 ± 0.48 to 107.1 ± 0.91 mg/g (in Philadelphus L. 'Avalanche'). The content of flavonoids in alcohol extracts from leaves of different species of mock–oranges varies from 5.3 ± 0.41 to 10.6 ± 0.41 mg/g. Greatest quantity of flavonoids at relatively of low content of phenols contained in the preparation from leaves of Philadelphus coronaries 'Nana '(mock–orange dwarf), the use of which, along with Philadelphus L. 'Avalanche' can be perspective in medical and veterinary practice, considering on the high concentration of phenols and flavonoids and coumarins in these mock–oranges breed.
ЯКІСТЬ СПЕРМІЇВ ЗА РОЗРІДЖЕННЯ ЕЯКУЛЯТІВ БУГАЇВ ЛАКТОЗО–ЖОВТКОВО–ГЛІЦЕРИНОВИМ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕМ
Authors: Kava S.Y. , Ostapiv D.D. , Yaremchuk І.М. , Bodnar Yu.V. , Kuzmina N.V.
Published: October 2016

Quality and fertilizing ability of spermatozoa in cryopreserved sperm depends on numerous factors caused by both physiological characteristics and environments dilution of bull ejaculates. So studying physiological characteristics of ejaculates, respiratory activity and redox abillity of sperm, content of lipoproteins, succinate dehydrogenase activity and survival of spermatozoa in sperm diluted by lactose–yolk–glycerine environment.It was found that freshly obtained bull semen can be characterized by: volume – 2.0 – 8.0 ml sperm concentration – 0.28–1.56 × 109 cells / ml. Thus, the respiratory activity of sperm ranges from 0.70–2.02 ng–atom O / min × 0,1 ml of semen and redox ability 0,02–0,14 mV/min × 0.1 ml of semen. It was found that typical freshly obtained bull ejaculates characterize by such content of lipoprotein fractions: chylomicrons (hm) – 26,9 ± 1,93%, lipoproteins with very low density – 10,4 ± 0,44%, low (β–LP) – 18,3 ± 1.84%, high (α–LA) – 17,1 ± 1,09% and very high density – 26,8 ± 1,94%. Dilution of semen by lactose–yolk–glycerin environment leads to a likely (p <0,001) increase in the content of lipoproteins with very low density and reduction in high density lipoprotein fraction. The survival of spermatozoa in sperm diluted by lactose–yolk–glycerin medium varies between 77.1–162.0 hours, and the activity of the enzyme–marker of fertilizing ability succinate dehydrogenase – 5.0–71.7 UI / h × 0,1 ml of semen.
ДІЄТОТЕРАПІЯ ДРІБНИХ ТВАРИН ІЗ ХРОНІЧНОЮ НИРКОВОЮ НЕДОСТАТНІСТЮ
Authors: Luhova Ye.S. , Prys–Kadenko V.O. , Kulichenko A.O. , Kalachniuk L.
Published: October 2016

This work is devoted to the study of metabolic changes in dogs and cats with chronic renal failure (CRF) using diet–therapy during their treatment. One of the main indicators of the progression of chronic renal failure in small animals is creatininemia, hypertension and proteinuria. Diagnosing them in small animals with chronic renal failure is an important step to establish stages and substages of the disease according to International Renal Interest Society. In order to assign the appropriate treatment, monitoring it and predict the course of the disease, it was diagnosed the stages of CRF by determining the serum creatinine concentration. Along with this, there is an important determination of CRF substages depending on indices of proteinuria (clarifying its causes) and blood pressure that indicates the degree of target–organ damage. Hence, the main changes in the metabolism of the organism of small animals with chronic renal failure relate mainly metabolic processes of protein, and water–mineral metabolism. It has been determined that, during treatment, feeding cats and dogs on diet Royal Canin «Renal» (based on a low protein concentration, the required content of electrolytes, vitamins, and lipids) decreases the time of occurrence of sustained remission of animals in 4 times.
Coverage Optimization Strategy for WSN based on Energy-aware
Authors: Zhu Li , Fan Chunxiao , Wen Zhigang , Wu Huarun
Published: October 2016

In order to optimize the wireless sensor network coverage, this paper designs a coverage optimization strategy for wireless sensor network (EACS) based on energy-aware. Under the assumption that the geographic positions of sensor nodes are available, the proposed strategy consists of energy-aware and network coverage adjustment. It is restricted to conditions such as path loss, residual capacity and monitored area and according to awareness ability of sensors, it would adjust the monitored area, repair network hole and kick out the redundant coverage. The purpose is to balance the energy distribution of working nodes, reduce the number of “dead” nodes and balance network energy consumption. As a result, the network lifetime is expanded. Simulation results show that: EACS effectively reduces the number of working nodes, improves network coverage, lowers network energy consumption while ensuring the wireless sensor network coverage and connectivity, so as to balance network energy consumption.
Lossless Compression of Data Tables in Mobile Devices by Using Co-clustering
Authors: Han Bo , Li Bolang
Published: October 2016

Data tables have been widely used for storage of a collection of related records in a structured format in many mobile applications. The lossless compression of data tables not only brings benefits for storage, but also reduces network transmission latencies and energy costs in batteries. In this paper, we propose a novel lossless compression approach by combining co-clustering and information coding theory. It reorders table columns and rows simultaneously for shaping homogeneous blocks and further optimizes alignment within a block to expose redundancy, such that standard lossless encoders can significantly improve compression ratios. We tested the approach on a synthetic dataset and ten UCI real-life datasets by using a standard compressor 7Z. The extensive experimental results suggest that compared with the direct table compression without co-clustering and within-block alignment, our approach can boost compression rates at least 21% and up to 68%. The results also show that the compression time cost of the co-clustering approach is linearly proportional to a data table size. In addition, since the inverse transform of co-clustering is just exchange of rows and columns according to recorded indexes, the decompression procedure runs very fast and the decompression time cost is similar to the counterpart without using co-clustering. Thereby, our approach is suitable for lossless compression of data tables in mobile devices with constrained resources.
Analytical Modelling of a New Handover Algorithm to Improve Allocation of Resources in Highly Mobile Environments
Authors: Kirsal Yonal
Published: October 2016

Wireless and mobile communication systems have evolved considerably in recent years. Seamless mobility is one of the main challenges facing mobile users in wireless and mobile systems. However, highly mobile users lead to a high number of handover failures and unnecessary handovers due to the limited resources and coverage limitations with a high mobile speed. The traditional handover models are unable to cope with high mobile users in such environments. This paper proposes, an intelligent handover decision approach to minimize the probability of handover failures and unnecessary handovers whilst maximizing the usage of resources in highly mobile environments. The proposed approach is based on modelling the system using a Markov chain to enhance the system’s performance in terms of blocking probability, mean queue length and transmission delay. The results are compared with the traditional handover model. Simulation is also employed to validate the accuracy of the proposed model. Numerical results have shown that the proposed method outperforms the traditional algorithm over a wide range of handover failures and significantly reduced the number of such failures and unnecessary handovers. The results of this study show that quality if service (QoS) measures of such systems can be evaluated efficiently and accurately using the proposed analytical model. However, the performance results have also shown that it is still necessary to explore an effective model for operational spaces. In addition, the proposed model can also be adapted to various types of networks considering the high speed of the mobile user and the radius of the network.
General Model for Adequate Cloud Service Selection using Decision Making Methods
Authors: Pantelic Ognjen , Pajic Ana , Nikolic Ana
Published: October 2016

Cloud Computing (CC) is a technology that surely brings innovations in today’s business world, more and more companies around the world are widely incorporating this technology into their businesses. From a technical, as well as organizational point of view transferring enterprise IT to the Cloud is a complex task. Various factors have to be taken into consideration in order to make a right choice when moving IT services to the Cloud. The goal of this paper is to identify and to discuss in detail all factors that influence organization’s decision to adopt Cloud. General model for Cloud adoption, introduced in Pantelic et al. [13]a, consists of the key factors driving the organizational benefits when moving to the Cloud. The purpose of the model is to support decision makers in evaluating the benefits, risks and costs of using Cloud Computing. In this paper the general model is extended with two new aggregation methods for harmonization of alternatives rankings in a group decision process. We present the results of two new methods using the method results from previous research [13], as rank inputs, into an aggregate (group) preference. The idea is to find consensus ranking that minimizes disagreement among previous methods results. There were no strong differences between the results of performed methods. The results have shown that Software as a service model and Storage as a service model dominated according to not just arithmetic-mean method, but also to geometric-mean method.
Conjugation of Thalassiosira pseudonana v1
Authors: Turnsek Jernej
Published: October 2016

This protocol was used to express a gene encoding a silaffin precursor TpSil3p-APEX2 fusion protein in T. pseudonana strain CCMP1335 via conjugation largely following Karas et al. (2015). In addition to the protocol I am listing some of my observations working with this diatom species. Please check the 'Before start' and 'Guidelines' sections. 1. B. J. Karas et al., Designer diatom episomes delivered by bacterial conjugation. Nat. Commun. 6, 6925 (2015).
Determining and Analysis of Azimuthal Coefficients Qi for the Seismically Active Transcarpathians
Authors: Kozlovskyy E. , Malytskyy D. , Pavlova A.
Published: October 2016

The aim of this paper is to clarify the velocity model of the Transcarpathian seismic region. The model will further be implemented in neural-network modelling to calculate and verify the depth and distribution of earthquake foci. There has been carried out an analysis of seismic wave propagation in different directions across the Transcarpathian seismic region. Being an important parameter indicative of the direction of wave propagation in a natural medium, the azimuthal coefficient q³ has proved to be efficient in developing a training neural network set.

Two methods of selecting sectors have been shown, based either on the location of a seismic station or a seismic event area. We have calculated average values of the azimuthal coefficient q³ for sectors with close values of q³ for one-, two- and three-layered media according to the depth of earthquake foci in each of the three layers. With three-layered media covering earthquake foci depths of 8,000-9,000 m, the calculations accurately reflect local seismic events in the Carpathians. An average layer thickness h and an average layer velocity v were calculated separately for each E-S pair (epicenter - seismic station). Conventional combining of layers was used as a method of calculating the third layer azimuth coefficient q³. The calculations were made for direct P-waves (similar calculations can be made for S-waves). We have suggested an interpretation of the obtained results and their practical implications. It has been demonstrated how the azimuthal coefficient can be used in analysing the parameters of media.
Cluster analysis in determining subsoil water areas of similar chemical composition in Shyraz and Horamabad intermountain troughs of Iran
Authors: Amjadi Aziz , Chomko D.
Published: October 2016

Ground waters of Shyraz Intermountain Trough are widely used for water-supply, watering crops, in industry, and for other purposes. It is currently being planned to make extensive use of ground waters of the Horamabad Trough.

Discriminating large areas of ground waters of similar chemical composition and compounds containing over 10 elements is becoming a challenging task. Chemical composition of ground waters results from a number of natural and anthropogenic processes, which affect both interchange of chemical components and the nature of their bonds. However, these bonds do not remain unaffected, and are, virtually, the outcome of a number of processes.

We offer a new method that is based on the use of cluster analysis, the application of which will make it possible to discriminate ground waters of similar chemical composition in different areas. This will enable both revealing similarities and differences in the processes of water supply and discharge, which define the chemical make-up of the ground waters, threats of pollution and depletion, and taking measures on ground water preservation.

The method was tested on sampling chemical composition of ground waters of Shyraz and Horamabad Intermountain Troughs in Iran. Based on the cluster analysis data of the first matrix (Shyraz Intermountain Trough) and the second matrix (Horamabad Intermountain Trough) step-by-step diagrams of merging intervals are built, and dendrograms, namely.

The claster analysis data being processed, the following conclusions can be made:

1. within Shyraz Intermountain Trough, there are discriminated three areas of ground waters bearing similar chemical composition in claster 1; two areas located in claster 2; three areas in claster 3; two areas in claster 4; and one area in claster 5;

2. within Horamabad Intermountain Trough, there are discriminated two areas of ground waters bearing similar chemical composition in claster 1; three areas located in claster 2; two areas in claster 3; four areas in claster 4; and per one area in clasters 5 and 6, correspondingly;

3. changes in ground water chemical composition in Shyraz and Horamabad Intermountain Troughs are interdependent; 4. the method mentioned can be used for chemical zoning of the ground waters.
Modeling a polarization microlens to focus linearly polarized light into a near-circular subwavelength focal spot
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS, – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kotlyar V. ,   Samara National Research University, Nalimov A. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS, – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Kotlyar M. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: October 2016

We propose a new version of the metalens, namely, a polarization microlens (PML) that focuses the linearly polarized laser light in a subwavelength circular spot. The PML consists of a set of binary subwavelength gratings, which are laid out in a parquet manner within the rings of a Fresnel zone plate. A phase shift of π, which the zone plate should introduce into the light field in passing the zone boundary, is implemented in the PML under study using two diffraction gratings adjacent to the zone boundary, which form oppositely polarized transmitted beams. It is shown that the PML relief depth can be reduced using a high refractive index material. For amorphous silicon, the PML relief depth can vary from 50 nm to 120 nm. In this case, a circular focal spot having a diameter smaller than the diffraction limit is formed at distances to the PML ranging from 200 nm to 1300 nm. The minimum focal spot diameter is 0.372 of a wavelength.
Development of methods for formation and testing of photoresist films with a desired thickness profile when fabricating conformal correctors
Authors:   Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Korolkov V. , Konchenko A. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Cherkashin V. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Mironnikov N. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS
Published: October 2016

A process of manufacturing conformal correctors for solid state YAG:Nd3+ lasers is discussed. It is proposed that a maskless lithography method should be used for fabricating a photoresist film with a desired thickness profile as an alternative to the proximity lithography based on half-tone masks. The use of a specular spectral scatterometry method for the testing of the conformal corrector shape at an early stage of photoresist profile formation is reported. A combination of these two methods makes the corrector manufacturing process significantly cheaper and faster.
An approach to synthesizing a 3D nanostructured glass-ceramic material based on intensive high-pressure torsion
Authors:   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education ", Andrianova A. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University", Vinogradova I. ,   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Ufa State Aviation Technical University", Sultanov A. ,   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Ufa State Aviation Technical University", Meshkov I. ,   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Ufa State Aviation Technical University", Abdrakhmanova G. ,   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Ufa State Aviation Technical University", Grakhova E. ,   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Ufa State Aviation Technical University", Ishmiyarov A. ,   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Ufa State Aviation Technical University", Yantilina L. ,   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Ufa State Aviation Technical University"
Published: October 2016

The paper investigates the possibility of obtaining transparent bulk nanocrystalline pyroceram glass with a 3D-gradient of the refractive index for a mixer of an optical device to control the radiation pattern of an array antenna. The starting material was biphasic. Operating modes are described and photographs of the resulting samples are presented. An optimal method of treatment is identified, comprising the selected heating and cooling modes of samples. The analysis of the degree of deformation due to nanostructural processing of the samples is conducted. The resulting material will be used for the development of fiber-optic telecommunications systems.
Peculiarities of spectral measurements of colored suspensions in thick-walled cuvettes
Authors:   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS, Nel’ubina N. , Pidgirny V. ,   Kemerovo State University, Bulgakova O. ,   Kemerovo State University, Zvekov A. ,   Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry SB RAS, Kalenskii A. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: October 2016

The cuvette wall and sample thickness can significantly affect the results of spectral measurements of the suspension in a hardly predictable manner. We propose an approach to accounting for the cuvette wall thickness in the limiting case of thick walls and a thin sample layer when calculating the diffuse reflectance and transmittance using a one-dimensional radiative transport equation. The comparison with the experimental results for a model colored suspension is made. It is shown that with the cuvette wall influence taken into account it becomes possible to account for the fact that the scattered light fails to fully fit within the integrating sphere. There is good agreement between the experimental and calculated spectra provided that the scattering anisotropy factor is predetermined in a wavelength range where the pigment used does not absorb light.
Atmospheric correction of hyperspectral images using small volume of the verified data
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Denisova A. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Myasnikov V. ,   Samara National Research University,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS
Published: October 2016

In this article, we propose a novel method for atmospheric correction of hyperspectral imagery. At the first stage, the atmospheric correction parameters are derived from a scene image using a well-known radiation transfer model. In contrast to the other methods, we apply the standard equation of radiation transfer in a nonlinear form to describe atmospheric effects and a linear spectral mixture model to describe the unknown undistorted hyperspectral image. Applying both of these mathematical models simultaneously, we estimate the parameters of atmospheric correction using the hyperspectral image itself and the verified data about the registered scene. The verified data is taken to mean a set of (undistorted) spectral signatures, which can be presented in different linear combinations in the registered scene. Neither precedential information (a set of pixels containing predefined spectral signatures) nor pure hyperspectral pixels are required in our method. Therefore, the proposed method can be applied for the identification of a model of atmospheric distortions and their subsequent correction. The experimental results presented in the article demonstrate qualitative characteristics of the proposed method.
Algorithms for calculating multichannel image histograms using hierarchical data structures
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Denisova A. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Sergeyev V. ,   Samara National Research University,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS
Published: October 2016

In the article we offer a novel approach to calculating multichannel image histograms using hierarchical data structures. The proposed methods result in a histogram-tree which has many advantages over existing data structures traditionally used for multidimensional histograms. The suggested data structure requires a significantly smaller memory space for storage in comparison with a histogram that is presented as a frequency table for all possible brightness values (histogram-hypercube). The histogram-tree provides a dramatic decrease in speed in comparison with the list of unique brightness values and their frequencies (histogram-list). Moreover, the histogram-tree allows one to approximate the probabilities of brightness values which are not presented in the analyzed image in contrast with the histogram-list. The possibility of histogram approximation is very important for practical applications. Such approximation for histogram-tree is constructed by means of tree reduction. Nodes with frequencies lower than a given threshold are removed from the histogram-tree. The reduced histogram-tree benefits from the decrease of the required memory space while maintaining the accuracy of the original probability density distribution representation. We propose two algorithms for constructing a histogram-tree. The “depth” algorithm operates with image pixels sequentially. For each pixel it constructs appropriate branches and nodes until the maximum depth of the tree is achieved. This algorithm has a recursive realization and is more time efficient than the other one. The “across” algorithm performs a multiple scan of the image, each time filling just one tree level. This algorithm allows one to operate with images with a larger number of channels than the “depth” algorithm because it is more memory efficient in the runtime when approximating a histogram. Both algorithms build the histogram-tree significantly faster when compared with the construction of the histogram-list. The theoretical estimates and experimental results described in the article demonstrate that computing histogram of multichannel images using histogram-tree has many advantages over the histogram-hypercube and histogram-list.
A method for optoelectronic control of liquid volume in a tank
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Borminsky S. , Solntseva A. ,   Samara National Research University, Skvortsov B. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: October 2016

The article describes a method for optoelectronic control of liquid volume in a tank. Measurements can be performed remotely without tank calibration. The method is based on the fact that there is a near-wall region where the liquid surface has a higher reflectivity. This region occurs due to surface tension or minor ripples. With this method, first, an image of liquid surface is taken with a photo-camera. Then, a near-wall liquid-air boundary is identified in the image before calculating the current area of the liquid surface. When the tank is filled for the first time, the device records the liquid area for every level. A calibration table is automatically created without applying additional tools. To avoid the error caused by inaccurate photo-camera positioning, a special mathematical model is devised. It uses reference marks made on tank walls horizontally. An algorithm for recognition of liquid boundaries in the image is developed. Measurements of the liquid volume conducted using a laboratory prototype have shown the reduced error to be within 0.5%, provided that the digital photo-camera is not rigidly fixed.
Extraction the knowledge and relevant linguistic means with efficiency estimation for formation of subject-oriented text sets
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Mikhaylov D. , Kozlov A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Emelyanov G. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: October 2016

In this paper we look at two interrelated problems of extracting knowledge units from a set of subject-oriented texts (the so-called corpus) and selecting texts to the corpus by analyzing the relevance to the initial phrase. The main practical goal here is finding the most rational variant to express the knowledge fragment in a given natural language for further reflection in the thesaurus and ontology of a subject area. The problems are of importance when constructing systems for processing, analysis, estimation and understanding of information. In this paper the text relevance to the initial phrase in terms of the described fragment of actual knowledge (including forms of its expression in a given natural language) is defined by the total numerical estimate of the coupling strength of words from the initial phrase jointly occurring in phrases of the text under analysis. The paper considers known variants of such estimation procedures and their application for the search of distinct components which reflect the initial phrase in the texts selected to the topical text corpus. These components correspond to words and their combinations. In comparison with the search of such components on a syntactically marked text corpus, the method for text selection offered in this paper enables a 15-times reduction (on average) in the output of phrases which are irrelevant to the initial one in terms of either the described knowledge fragment or its expression forms in a given natural language.
Wymiary współczesnego design’u a koncepcja zrównoważonego rozwoju
Authors: Rojek-Adamek Paulina
Published: October 2016

Przedmiotem rozważań zawartych w niniejszym tekście jest problematyka zrównoważonego rozwoju oraz refleksja nad jakością ludzkiego życia w perspektywie możliwości oferowanych przez nowoczesne podejście do projektowania. Współczesny design i role projektantów coraz mocniej wiążą się z poszukiwaniem rozwiązań zaspokajających społeczne oczekiwania. Takie podejście można z powodzeniem określić mianem projektowania odpowiedzialnego społecznie, dla którego przełom wieków XX/XXI stał się czasem wielkich wyzwań, możliwości, ale i oczekiwań społecznych. Od twórców wymaga się współcześnie czegoś więcej niż tylko wartości estetycznej, artystycznej czy użytkowej danego produktu. Misja współczesnego projektanta, zdaniem wielu badaczy, obejmuje także potrzebę uwzględniania w swej pracy globalnej etyki w zakresie promowania zrównoważonego rozwoju. Omówienie wskazanej tematyki osadzone zostało w perspektywie nauk społecznych, z równoczesnym podkreśleniem roli specjalistów realnie oddziałujących na kształt otoczenia, w którym żyjemy – urbanistów, architektów i projektantów. Grupy te aktywnie działają na rzecz najbliższego środowiska, wypełniają nasze otoczenie przedmiotami, tworzą nowe przestrzenie znaczące, wreszcie – projektują w sposób zrównoważony (sustainable design). W tekście zostaną zaprezentowane założenia tak pojmowanego rozwoju jako tła dla zmian zachodzących w wymiarach zawodu projektanta i redefinicji roli współczesnego design’u na podstawie przykładów pochodzących z dostępnych źródeł zastanych.
Zarządzanie publiczne – istota i wybrane koncepcje
Authors: Marks-Krzyszkowska Małgorzata
Published: October 2016

Każde państwo ma określony, uporządkowany zbiór norm i reguł, określających zasady politycznej organizacji, zarządzania i systemu organów władzy publicznej. Zasady te, pod wpływem różnorodnych czynników, podlegają wielorakim procesom przemian. Z perspektywy większości współczesnych krajów rozwiniętych, do istotnych zmian odnoszących się do zarządzania publicznego należą odrzucenie państwa jako legitymizowanego monopolu przymusu i decentralizacja władzy. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja głównych koncepcji zarządzania, które znajdowały odzwierciedlenie w polityce publicznej XX i XXI w. Autorka podejmuje próbę scharakteryzowania niejednoznacznego pojęcia zarządzania publicznego, wyraźnie odróżniając je od zarządzania w sektorze biznesu. Przyjmując perspektywę historyczną, przedstawia trzy wiodące koncepcje zarządzania publicznego: zarządzanie biurokratyczne, menadżerskie i współzarządzanie (governance). Rozważania podjęte w tekście prowadzą do wniosku, że mimo widocznych tendencji do upowszechniania bardziej uspołecznionych form zarządzania, wszystkie opisane koncepcje, choć w zróżnicowanym stopniu, współwystępują w praktyce współczesnego zarządzania publicznego.
Jakość życia na poziomie lokalnym
Authors: Michalska-Żyła Agnieszka
Published: October 2016

Literatura przedmiotu dostarcza wielu opracowań dotyczących badania jakości życia w różnych typach układów lokalnych. Zwraca jednak uwagę istotne niedoreprezentowanie analiz empirycznych jakości życia na obszarach wiejskich. Zasadność badania owej problematyki właśnie w wiejskich układach lokalnych jest bezsprzeczna, zważywszy na co najmniej dwa główne powody – udział obszarów wiejskich i zamieszkującej je ludności w sieci osadniczej naszego kraju oraz duże dysproporcje w poziomie społeczno-ekonomicznego rozwoju terenów wiejskich względem ośrodków zurbanizowanych. Badania jakości życia obejmują zwykle dwa wymiary, obiektywną jakość życia (zbliżoną znaczeniowo do pojęcia warunków lub poziomu życia ludności) i subiektywną, skoncentrowaną na poczuciu dobrostanu psychicznego i życiowej satysfakcji. Celem artykułu jest zobrazowanie różnic w poziomie obiektywnej jakości życia w gminach wiejskich województwa łódzkiego. Zaprezentowane w tekście rozważania są efektem analizy danych zastanych i mają przybliżyć problem znacznej heterogeniczności terenów wiejskich jednego województwa.
Biochemical profiling of some prominent turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Cultivars of northeast India
Authors: Patil Amol A. , Sarmah* Runima , Baruah Ananta Madhab
Published: October 2016

The present investigation was carried out with thirteen turmeric genotypes of Northeast India to evaluate dry matter content, essential oil, fatty oil, curcumin content and effect of particle sizes on the colour intensity as well as solubility in different solvent systems. Significant variation in moisture content among thirteen genotypes was observed on the fresh weight basis of turmeric rhizomes. The observed data varied from 70.84 to 86.01.In respect of curcumin content, all the thirteen cultivars showed significant variation. The value ranged from .0930 to .0.9125 with an average of 0.5952 percent. The observed data of essential oil varied from 1.00 to 7.23 percent with an average of 3.88 percent. Significant variations in fatty oil percentage were found in all the thirteen cultivars. Effect of different particle sizes on solubility of the cultivars in different solvents in terms of absorbance at 425nm also found to vary among the cultivars.
FORENSIC AND LAW ENFORCEMENT EXPERIENCE OF APLYING OF MEDICAL CRITERIA OF BODIES INJURIES IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION • 2007–2014
Authors: Klevno V. A. , Simonova I. S.
Published: October 2016

This article deals with forensic and law enforcement experience of applying of medical criteria of bodies injuries during the period 2007–2014 years. Statistical data about registered crimes and offences, and also persons punished for it.
MOLECULAR GENETIC RESEARCH OF PLACENTA AND UMBILICAL CORD — CASES FROM PRACTICE
Authors: Kochetkova E. A.
Published: October 2016

Some cases of researches biomaterials from placenta and umbilical cord newborn babies that were found dead is described. The problems estimation the possibility of allocation of maternal genotype from submitted biomaterial for the further identification biological mothers of the represented infants are designated.
PERSPECTIVES OF LASER-POLARIMETRIC METHODS OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE INVESTIGATION IN FORENSIC MEDICINE
Authors: Bachinskiy V. T.
Published: October 2016

Abstract: The aim of our work was to analyze existing research methods of investigating damage to human tissues and to search for and develop modern methods of diagnosis of lifetime and postmortem changes of biological tissues and bodily fluids for solving forensic science and practice problems. In particular, we investigated the establishment of the time of death for various causes, the time of formation of hematomas, lifetime of injury formation and diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia.
Phytochemical and Biochemical Studies of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.)
Authors: Amal M. El-Feky  , Wael M. Aboulthana
Published: October 2016

Salvia is one of the major genuses belonging to Lamiaceae family. It is historically well known by its therapeutic applications. Salvia officinalis L. is a common herbal plant known as common sage. It is used in the food and beverage industries due to its powerful antimicrobial activity against several gram positive and negative bacteria. It contains high percentage of the essential oil due to the presence of external glandular structures that produce volatile oil. It is rich in the biologically active constituents which are represented mainly by polyphenolic compounds. These phenolic compounds are characterized by presence of one or more aromatic rings with one or more hydroxyl groups. The previous studies showed that water extract of this plant prevented growth of colorectal cancer and human prostate carcinoma cells. This might refer to its ability to decrease the tissue lesions occurred as a result of oxidative stress. It showed radioprotective effect against irradiation through lowering lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl and NO in brain tissue and elevating activities of the antioxidant enzymes. It showed antiinflammatory effects by reducing marrow acute phase response and NO synthesis. Also, it showed antagonistic effect against Aluminum neurotoxicity due to reducing the oxidative stress and improving the antioxidant status and particularly by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase activity.
Identity of three grapevine varieties from a rediscovered viticulture region in northwest Spain
Authors: Gago Pilar , Santiago José-Luis , Boso Susana , Alonso-Villaverde Virginia , Orriols Ignacio , Martínez María-Carmen
Published: October 2016

Aims: The old literature contains references to the varieties once cultivated in the Betanzos region (northwestern Spain) and three of them (Blanco Legítimo, Agudelo and Serradelo) were rediscovered during a survey work that began in 1987 and now form part of a collection held at the Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC). The aims of the present work were 1) to describe these three varieties, 2) to determine whether grapevines recently planted are indeed true representatives of these varieties and if so 3) to examine their agronomic and oenological potential.

Methods and Results: Ampelographic descriptions were made following the OIV method (OIV, 2009) and the reconstruction of ‘mean leaves’ (Martínez and Grenan, 1999). Ten microsatellite loci were also characterised. Having confirmed the supposed identity of the vines in the vineyards, their agronomic and oenological potentials in the region were investigated (fertility, weight of fruit, composition of must and wine). The ampelographic and molecular results showed the following synonyms: Blanco Legítimo = Albarín Blanco; Serradelo = Brancellao (Spain) or synonym Alvarelhão (Portugal); Agudelo = Chenin Blanc.

Conclusions: The vines supposed to be Blanco Legítimo and Agudelo recently planted in the Betanzos area had largely been correctly identified by their planters.

Significance and impact of the study: The identification of synonyms has repercussions for the commercial exploitation of these varieties. The implications for Blanco Legítimo are relatively reduced since its synonyms are also grown in minority areas; however, for Serradelo and Agudelo they are more serious because their synonyms are varieties already widely grown. Finally, the present results contribute to our knowledge of the history and movement of grapevine cultivars in Europe.
Analysis of grape rootstocks by SSR markers
Authors: Jahnke Gizella , Kocsisné Molnár Gitta , Májer János , Szöke Barna , Tarczal Erik , Varga Péter , Kocsis László
Published: October 2016

Aims: The aim of this work was to determine the SSR profile of 96 Vitis accessions (mainly rootstocks) at 19 loci to find genetic relatedness between them.

Methods and results: The molecular markers used in the last 30 years are not or less affected by the environment, making them a valuable tool for the determination of genetic distances. Based on our former experiences, an SSR analysis was carried out on 96 grape accretions, mainly rootstocks. DNA was extracted from young leaves and analyses were carried out at 19 microsatellite loci. The loci were selected to cover all of the linkage groups to get a more accurate genotyping of each grape rootstock. Results of the SSR analysis and the resulting dendrogram showing genetic relatedness are presented.

Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be established, that most of the selected loci showed appropriate polymorphism for the assessment of genetic relatedness. The rootstocks derived from Teleki’s seedlings showed high similarity. A low genetic distance was also detected between the accessions originated from the cross between Börner and Georgikon 28. Finally, the Vitis sylvestris accessions showed close relatedness with the Vitis vinifera L. varieties.

Significance and impact of the study: Our results indicate a high level of polymorphism between grape rootstock accessions. Strong differences were detected between the so-called Teleki 5C (T5C) and Teleki-Kober 5BB (T5KBB) “clones”, suggesting that they are not real clones but different genotypes with highly similar morphological features.
Cover cropping in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Manto Negro vineyards under Mediterranean conditions: effects on plant vigour, yield and grape quality
Authors: Pou Alícia , Gulías Javier , Moreno Maria , Tomàs Magdalena , Medrano Hipolito , Cifre Josep
Published: October 2016

Aims: In temperate climates, cover crops are mainly used to reduce excess soil water and nutrient availability to grapevines, which otherwise could decrease grape quality. In Mediterranean climates, where water is a limiting factor, the use of cover crops is not as straightforward. However, in this scenario, summer senescent and self-seeding herbaceous cover crops could also help to decrease soil erosion as well as to reduce excessive early vegetative vigour, which could restrict grape water availability at later phenological stages. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of particular cover crops in Mediterranean vineyards on grapevine vegetative growth, gas exchange, yield and grape quality.

Methods and results: The experiment was carried out over three consecutive years in an organic vineyard (cv. Manto Negro) in central Majorca, Spain. Three treatments (three cover cropping rows per treatment) were established: perennial grass and legume mixture (PM), no tillage, i.e., with permanent resident vegetation (NT), and traditional tillage or ploughed soil (TT). The grapevines were rain fed until veraison, and then drip irrigation was applied (30% potential evapotranspiration; ETP) until harvest. Plant water status was established according to a defined value of maximum daily leaf stomatal conductance (gs). Cover crops reduced total leaf area (LA), gs and grapevine vigour at early growth stages. gs and net photosynthesis (AN) were higher in cover crop treatments during the veraison and ripening stages, likely because of the reductions in LA. Intrinsic water use efficiency increased from flowering to veraison-maturity in all treatments. Yield was lower in the cover crop treatments (PM and NT) compared to TT for all years, but these differences were only significant in 2007. However, grape quality parameters slightly improved in the PM treatment.

Conclusion: The use of cover crops decreased LA, helping to avoid dramatic reductions of stomatal conductance in mid-summer, but decreased yield and only slightly increased grape quality.

Significance and impact of the study: This study showed that the use of specific cover crops in vineyards under Mediterranean climates helps to reduce vegetative vigour. Nevertheless, yield reduction and slight quality improvement suggest that cover crops should be adjusted in order to reduce competition for water and thus prevent these negative effects of water scarcity.