bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imágenes de la melancolía y el laurel: una aproximación a las tipificaciones visuales de Rosalía de Castro
Authors: Calvo Gens Laura
Published: September 2024

La imagen de Rosalía ha contribuido a la mitificación de la autora, presentándose como elemento activo del complejo discurso rosaliano desde el siglo xix hasta nuestros días. Desde la toma de sus retratos fotográficos, las imágenes de Rosalía se han difundido obedeciendo a ordenanzas discursivas sociales y culturales que tipificaron gestualidades y motivos iconográficos en favor de su canonización como icono cultural y como imagen de mercado. Por ello, repasaremos algunas imágenes que han retratado, desde el siglo xix, a la autora, atendiendo a las primeras justificaciones electivas para con los usos de las imágenes reproducibles –en el marco de las fotografías realizadas por fotógrafos como Cardarelly o Sellier– y a la evolución figurativa y reproductiva que han tenido estas imágenes en el contexto posterior (siglos xx y xxi), a través de diseños o murales. Para ello, echaremos mano de dos tropos centrales en la construcción de la imaginería visual rosaliana: la presentación de Rosalía como poetasanta a través de los atributos y las virtudes psicológicas que articulan una imagen “venerable” (la melancolía, la tristeza, el sueño, el sacrificio o la enfermedad), y los elementos iconográficos de la flor y el laurel, como motivos instrumentalizados y como contradictio in terminis para con su propia obra que ayudan a construir el mito rosaliano.
Renovarse o morir: el ultraísmo a través de "Vltra" y sus traducciones
Authors: Enríquez-Aranda Mercedes
Published: September 2024

En este trabajo se analiza la revista Vltra en el periodo 1921-1922 como eco del “último compromiso asumido por los firmantes del manifiesto que bajo este título apareció en todos los diarios madrileños en el otoño de 1918” (Vltra 1-1921: 1). Este manifiesto sentaba las bases del movimiento poético ultraísta que promovía una renovación radical del espíritu y de la técnica. A tal fin, se realiza una contextualización de la revista Vltra, así como un estudio descriptivo extratextual de las traducciones contenidas en ella, cuyos textos originales proceden en su mayor parte del francés. Ambos estudios permiten analizar las fuentes extranjeras que sirvieron de inspiración al movimiento y su tratamiento en la traducción, con la consiguiente influencia en el panorama literario español del tiempo. El modelo de descripción que se sigue trata dos aspectos principales. En primer lugar, parte de un análisis contextual de la revista en relación con sus principios estéticos y otras revistas de su tiempo y pasa a estudiar, en segundo lugar, los factores y participantes en la producción de los textos originales y de los textos traducidos (las personas e instituciones involucradas en el proceso de traducción, la presentación de los textos y de sus peritextos, además de otros textos traductológicos o epitextos). Se concluye que las traducciones y los textos traductológicos presentes en Vltra son una forma de introducción de literatura extranjera novedosa en el sistema literario español de la época, pero también representan un medio de expresión de las teorías líricas del movimiento ultraísta.
La Barcelona errante: la difuminación del territorio y la percepción lisa-estriada de la realidad en dos novelas de Juan Pablo Villalobos
Authors: Campaña Fimbres Jesús Adalberto , García Plancarte Galicia
Published: September 2024

"No voy a pedirle a nadie que me crea" y "La invasión del pueblo del espíritu" son dos de las novelas más importantes del escritor mexicano Juan Pablo Villalobos. Una de las principales características de estas obras es el carácter errante que envuelve las novelas desde distintas perspectivas. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar en estas novelas la manera en que se representa la errancia a través del espacio, tomando como fundamento dos de las nociones que Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari consideran inherentes a la vida errante y a su oposición, la sedentaria: la percepción del espacio liso y estriado. En "La invasión del pueblo del espíritu" se explorará el tratamiento del espacio enfocado en cómo sus personajes perciben la realidad: en la novela se emplean diferentes estrategias discursivas con el propósito de ocultar el lugar donde se ubica la historia. Sin embargo, el narrador proporciona algunas señales que ayudan a identificar su ubicación: Barcelona. El espacio sirve como el campo donde se enfrentan dos percepciones distintas de la realidad y del entorno en que se desarrollan los personajes: la del migrante, cuya visión se asocia con lo liso, y la del local racista, que se inclina a percibir el espacio de una manera restrictiva y estriada, a través de un discurso de odio que busca alienar y expulsar al migrante. En "No voy a pedirle a nadie que me crea" se analizarán tres puntos fundamentales para el acercamiento a la línea errante que atraviesa la novela: la manera en que viven los okupas, la visión de Valentina y la novela que escribe el personaje de Juan Pablo Villalobos. Estos tres elementos, entre otros, conforman algunas de las representaciones y manifestaciones de lo errante. El choque de percepciones espaciales no busca presentar dos polos incompatibles, sino que están íntimamente relacionados: ambas posturas son una síntesis dialéctica que representa la errancia en las obras, más que significar dos mundos que no convergen.
Comparación de los usos de 'tampoco' en cinco ciudades de la comunidad lingüística hispánica
Authors: Carretero Abigail , Salazar García Ventura
Published: September 2024

Este trabajo ofrece un análisis preliminar de la variación sociolingüística de los valores de 'tampoco', a partir de los datos obtenidos por el proyecto PRESEEA en cinco ciudades hispanohablantes. La revisión de la bibliografía gramatical previa nos ha permitido identificar cuatro usos básicos. De ellos, solo dos se registran en todos los puntos de encuesta. Un tercero queda circunscrito a Ciudad de México, mientras que el cuarto está ausente de nuestra muestra. Los resultados ponen de relieve que el nivel de estudios es la variable social que más directamente incide sobre la frecuencia relativa de los usos de esta palabra negativa, tanto en términos globales como, de modo particular, en Medellín. La variable sexo muestra una correlación directa con la distribución de los usos de 'tampoco' en Ciudad de México, mientras que la edad no ha arrojado resultados significativos en ninguno de los enclaves considerados.
The application of microwave and ultrasound treatment on breadfruit flour for noodle fortification
Authors: Tran Thu Thi Minh , Vu Thuy Thu , Lan Le Phuong Vu , Vi Tran Nha
Published: September 2024

Breadfruit flour was subjected to treatment using either microwave radiation (1000 W, 16 min) or ultrasonic waves (20 kHz, 750 W, 16 min) before being combined with rice flour to produce dried rice–breadfruit noodles. Scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to study alterations in the macrostructures and amylose/amylopectin arrangement of the treated flours, leading to changes in water adsorption and swelling power compared to originated flour. Noodles fortified with either microwave (M)- or ultrasound (U)-treated flour exhibited improved firmness and reduced cooking loss compared to those made with intact flour (Nf noodle), while noodles made from Nf combined with xanthan gum (Nf+X) demonstrated sufficient hardness and the lowest cooking loss. The addition of xanthan gum enhanced sensory scores, whereas scores for M, U, and Nf noodles were comparatively lower. Although M treatment potentially enhanced the noodle texture and cooking properties, it also resulted in darkening due to pigment formation at high temperatures.
Optimization of TiO2-based UV-LED Photocatalytic System for Mixed Dyes and Pharmaceutical Contaminants
Authors: Chen Zexiang , Kang Xue , Wang Chen , Li Yongguo
Published: September 2024

To optimize the working efficiency of the novel UV-LED system based on TiO2 photocatalyst, the influence mechanism of LED lamp arrangement, light source wavelength and working voltage on photocatalytic efficiency was investigated. Acid red 26 (AR 26), acetaminophen (ACT) and diclofenac (DCF) were used as contaminant targets of the photocatalytic system. LED lamp arrangement had almost no effect on the degradation of AR26. However, the degradation efficiency of ACT and DCF was improved under a higher light uniformity. The ACT concentration and DCF concentration at 360 min decreased by 14% and 15%, respectively, with increasing light distribution from 45% to 66.5%. The main reason for this discrepancy in effect was whether the rate-determining step of the degradation mechanism was affected by the light uniformity. The short wavelength and high working voltage of LEDs were conducive to the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants to a different degree. When the wavelength was reduced from 405nm to 365nm, the conversion of AR26, ACT, and DCF increased by 77%, 227%, and 106%, respectively. The conversion rates of AR26, ACT, and DCF increased by 28%, 54%, and 32%, respectively, with voltage increasing from 3 V to 4 V. The data of this work will provide support for optimizing the working efficiency of UV-LED systems based on TiO2 photocatalysts. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Ensino da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento: Análise de Ementas de Cursos da Graduação
Authors: Souza Luciana Karine , Silva Sofia , Gauer Gustavo
Published: September 2024

Distinct ways of organizing the content of mandatory courses in the undergraduate curriculum may refl ect characteristics, needs, and trends in the teaching of human development. This study aimed to describe characteristics of developmental psychology syllabi of psychology undergraduate courses at Brazilian federal universities. We located 147 syllabi in 58 curricula from 45 universities and conducted two thematic analyzes over the contents of the syllabi: codebook thematic analysis and refl exive thematic analysis. Results showed that the courses mostly present core concepts of human development, mention theories without highlighting authors, organize contents in stages and domains of development, deal with them theoretically, rarely add practical activities to didactics or evaluation, emphasize learning processes, and timidly include aging studies. On the other hand, they tend not to address an interdisciplinary view of the area, nor the relationships with the professional practice of the future psychologist, the school context in the study of human development, the approximation of scientifi c fi ndings in research, the study of atypical development, cultural aspects, and contemporary topic to social organization. The discussion contextualizes the teaching of Developmental Psychology in Brazil and suggests ways to update syllabi and curricula.Keywords: Developmental psychology, teaching psychology, psychology education, undergraduate studies, higher education.
Characterization of cumulus cloud fields using trajectories in the center of gravity versus water mass phase space: 1. Cloud tracking and phase space description
Authors: Heiblum Reuven H. , Altaratz Orit , Koren Ilan , Feingold Graham , Kostinski Alexander B. , Khain Alexander P. , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Fredj Erick , Dagan Guy , Pinto Lital , Yaish Ricki , Chen Qian
Published: May 2016

We study the evolution of warm convective cloud fields using large eddy simulations of continental and trade cumulus. Individual clouds are tracked a posteriori from formation to dissipation using a 3‐D cloud‐tracking algorithm, and results are presented in the phase space of center of gravity altitude versus cloud liquid water mass (CvM space). The CvM space is shown to contain rich information on cloud field characteristics, cloud morphology, and common cloud development pathways, together facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the cloud field. In this part we show how the meteorological (thermodynamic) conditions that determine the cloud properties are projected on the CvM phase space and how changes in the initial conditions affect the clouds' trajectories in this space. This part sets the stage for a detailed microphysical analysis that will be shown in part II.
Temporal and spatial patterns of air temperature in a coastal city with a slope base setting
Authors: Guan Huade , Kumar Vinodkumar , Clay Roger , Kent Christopher , Bennett John , Ewenz Caecilia , Hopkins Graeme , Simmons Craig T.
Published: May 2016

In coastal cities with a slope base setting, effects of sea breeze and cold air drainage superpose on top of the urban heat island (UHI) effect. It is difficult to articulate the urbanization effect which, however, is important in developing summer heat mitigation solutions. The aim of this study is to address this challenge by investigating the temporal and spatial distribution of air temperature in the Adelaide metropolitan area of South Australia based on data from a monitoring network in 2011–2013. The results indicate that the dominant influence on the spatial variability of air temperature in winter is the urban heat island effect, followed by the prevailing nighttime northeasterly wind and cold air drainage. In summer, the dominant influence comes from daytime sea breezes, followed by the urban heat island effect, and the prevailing southeasterly nighttime wind. The urban heat island intensity is estimated based on various references where the influence of other factors is minimal. A clear nighttime urban heat island is observed over the Adelaide metropolitan area, with a mean intensity of 2.5°C for both summer and winter. The daytime urban heat island is not clear. On hot days, the city center develops a dominant nighttime urban heat island about 4°C warmer than the coast, stronger than an average summer night. Given multiple influences on the thermal climate in the Adelaide metropolitan area, it is suggested that the unique 500 m wide Adelaide parkland belt surrounding the city center be used as a reference to evaluate the Adelaide city center urban heat island in summer. A rural station, Edinburgh, can be used to evaluate the nighttime urban heat island intensity in the study area.
In Situ Growth of Fe2O3 Nanoparticles on Highly Porous Graphene/Polyimide‐Based Carbon Aerogel Nanocomposites for Effectively Selective Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Zhang Youfang , Gao Wei , Zuo Lizeng , Zhang Longsheng , Huang Yunpeng , Lu Hengyi , Fan Wei , Liu Tianxi
Published: May 2016

It is very important to develop a simple, efficient, and scaleable method for detection of dopamine (DA) with high sensitivity and selectivity to diagnose some serious neurological diseases. Herein, electro‐catalysts for detection of DA are simply prepared based on Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) decorated on highly porous carbon aerogels (CAs), which are derived from KOH activated graphene‐polyimide aerogels. In the hierarchical nanocomposites (NCs), CAs provide large specific surface area, abundant mesopores, and macropores, and many sites for in situ growth of Fe2O3 NPs, thus effectively preventing the aggregation of Fe2O3 NPs. Moreover, CAs with 3D interconnected porous structures are able to shorten the charge transfer pathways through the intimate interaction between CAs and Fe2O3 NPs. Therefore, when applied as electro‐catalysts for detection of DA, the optimized NC exhibits rapid amperometric response and a low detection limit of 0.109 × 10−6 m (S/N = 3), with a wide linear concentration range from 5 to 500 × 10−6 m. In addition, the oxidation peak of DA can be readily distinguished from the interference of uric acid and ascorbic acid. Therefore, the highly porous CAs derived from KOH activated graphene‐polyimide aerogels are excellent substrates for in situ growth of Fe2O3 NPs, exhibiting high electrocatalytic activity for DA detection.
A Novel Blade‐Jet Coating Method for Achieving Ultrathin, Uniform Film toward All‐Solution‐Processed Large‐Area Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Seok Jae Young , Yang Minyang
Published: May 2016

This paper reports a new type of large‐area solution coating method that combines a blade coating process and an air‐jet finishing process, and its application to soluble organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabrication. The blade coating with stable coating conditions results in a relatively thick uniform wet film. Air‐jet finishing subsequently adjusts the wet film to the target thickness by precisely controlling the flow of the coating solution. By hybridizing the blade coating method and air‐jet finishing technique, functional thin‐film layers can be produced with outstanding quality in terms of thickness uniformity and controllability with high reproducibility. In particular, the blade–jet coating method enables the fabrication of an ultrathin electron injection layer (EIL) of Cs2CO3 at less than a few nanometer scale over a large area by a solution process. The superior performance of the blade–jet coating method enables solution‐processed large‐area OLED fabrication on both rigid and flexible substrates, with outstanding light‐emitting uniformity. Furthermore, by controlling the thickness and interfacial properties of the EIL, device performance can be optimized. The luminous power efficiency of the optimum OLED device is 8.42 lm W−1, and the luminous nonuniformity is only 2.68% at 6 V over a large area.
Thin Film Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Organolead Triiodide Perovskite
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Li Linkai , Yu Hui , Chen Jizhang , Wong Ching‐Ping , Zhao Ni
Published: May 2016

Organometal halide perovskites exhibit not only extraordinary electronic properties but also interesting ionic responses due to the ease of forming and moving native defects in the perovskite lattice. In this work such dual (electronic and ionic) conduction property is exploited to fabricate a thin film electrochemical capacitor (EC) based on organolead triiodide perovskite. The EC cells show excellent cyclability with stable capacitance output beyond 10 000 cycles. By performing electrochemical characterizations on the cells with different electrolytes and perovskite thickness, it is found that the perovskite layer serves not only as an electrode but also a solid electrolyte. Through circuit modeling of the electrochemical impedance spectra, the density of mobile ions (i.e., ionic native defects) in the perovskite films is extracted and is found to be lower than those estimated from perovskite electronic devices, e.g., solar cells. The result suggests that the ion formation and transport processes in organometal halide perovskites may largely be activated by the current of free charge carriers as well as specific interface defects.
Allogeneic transplantation is not superior to chemotherapy in most patients over 40 years of age with Philadelphia‐negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission
Authors: Wolach Ofir , Stevenson Kristen E. , Wadleigh Martha , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Steensma David P. , Ballen Karen K. , Soiffer Robert J. , Antin Joseph H. , Neuberg Donna S. , Ho Vincent T. , Stone Richard M.
Published: May 2016

Survival of patients ≥40 years of age with Philadelphia‐negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains poor with current therapeutic approaches. It is unknown whether allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (HSCT) in first remission confers a survival benefit compared to a chemotherapy‐only approach. We retrospectively compared the outcome of patients >40 years treated with HSCT or chemotherapy alone in first remission (n = 40 in each cohort). Three‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were not significantly different between the chemotherapy‐only and HSCT groups (OS, 46% [31–68] vs. 40% [27–59], P = 0.35; DFS, 31% [18–52] vs. 40% [27–59], P = 0.98). The 3‐year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM) were 61% [41–76] and 9% [2–21] for the chemotherapy‐only group and 28% [15–43] and 32% [17–47] for the transplant group (CIR, P = 0.011; NRM, P = 0.014). Allogeneic transplantation for patients ≥40 years with Ph‐negative ALL in first remission is associated with a lower CIR, but this benefit is offset by considerable NRM as compared with chemotherapy‐only approach. HSCT may be beneficial in patients with high‐risk disease features. Am. J. Hematol. 91:793–799, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of Malassezia and Common Fungal Pathogens in Subtypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Gelber Jonathan T. , Cope Emily K. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Pletcher Steven D.
Published: May 2016

Background

Fungal hypersensitivity and fungal microbiome dysbiosis are possible etiologies of chronic rhinosinusitis. The sinus fungal microbiome is not well characterized; novel sinus‐associated fungi, including Malassezia, have only recently been described. The goals for this study were to verify Malassezia as a dominant component of the sinus microbiome, to speciate sinus Malassezia, and to compare select fungal species in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) subtypes with known fungal association to chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP) and healthy controls.

Methods

Twenty‐eight patients were enrolled and categorized as CRSwNP (n = 15), fungus ball (n = 3), allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS, n = 3), or healthy control (n = 7). Brush samples were taken from ethmoid or maxillary sinus mucosa and tested for DNA from 7 index fungi using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Index fungal species were chosen based on existing data of the sinus fungal microbiome.

Results

Malassezia species were detected in 68% of patients, without variation among clinical phenotypes (p > 0.99). Malassezia restricta was more commonly detected than Malassezia globosa (p = 0.029). Presence of one Malassezia species predicted the presence of the other (p = 0.035). Aspergillus was identified in 2 of 3 of fungus ball patients (both A. fumigatus) and 2 of 3 AFRS patients (1 A. fumigatus and 1 A. flavus). Aspergillus was absent in control and CRSwNP patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study confirmed and speciated Malassezia in healthy and diseased sinuses. Presence of Malassezia species in all groups suggests a commensal role for the fungus. Future work will determine whether Malassezia influences CRS pathogenesis. Aspergillus species were identified in fungal CRS subtypes despite negative surgical cultures, highlighting the importance of culture‐independent technology.
AGORA, a data‐ and biobank for birth defects and childhood cancer
Authors: van Rooij Iris A.L.M. , van der Zanden Loes F.M. , Bongers Ernie M.H.F. , Renkema Kirsten Y. , Wijers Charlotte H.W. , Thonissen Michelle , Dokter Elisabeth M.J. , Marcelis Carlo L.M. , de Blaauw Ivo , Wijnen Marc H.W.A. , Hoogerbrugge Peter M. , Bokkerink Jos P.M. , Schreuder Michiel F. , Koster‐Kamphuis Linda , Cornelissen Elisabeth A.M. , Kapusta Livia , van Heijst Arno F.J. , Liem Kian D. , de Gier Robert P.E. , Kuijpers‐Jagtman Anne Marie , Admiraal Ronald J.C. , Bergé Stefaan J. , van der Biezen Jan Jaap , Verdonck An , Vander Poorten Vincent , Hens Greet , Roosenboom Jasmien , Lilien Marc R. , de Jong Tom P. , Broens Paul , Wijnen Rene , Brooks Alice , Franke Barbara , Brunner Han G. , Carels Carine E.L. , Knoers Nine V.A.M. , Feitz Wout F.J. , Roeleveld Nel
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Research regarding the etiology of birth defects and childhood cancer is essential to develop preventive measures, but often requires large study populations. Therefore, we established the AGORA data‐ and biobank in the Netherlands. In this study, we describe its rationale, design, and ongoing data collection.

METHODS

Children diagnosed with and/or treated for a structural birth defect or childhood cancer and their parents are invited to participate in the AGORA data‐ and biobank. Controls are recruited through random sampling from municipal registries. The parents receive questionnaires about demographics, family and pregnancy history, health status, prescribed medication, lifestyle, and occupational exposures before and during the index pregnancy. In addition, blood or saliva is collected from children and parents, while medical records are reviewed for diagnostic information.

RESULTS

So far, we have collected data from over 6,860 families (3,747 birth defects, 905 childhood cancers, and 2,208 controls). The types of birth defects vary widely and comprise malformations of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts as well as facial, cardiovascular, kidney, skeletal, and central nervous system anomalies. The most frequently occurring childhood cancer types are acute lymphatic leukemia, Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms’ tumor, and brain and spinal cord tumors. Our genetic and/or epidemiologic studies have been focused on hypospadias, anorectal malformations, congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), and orofacial clefts.

CONCLUSION

The large AGORA data‐ and biobank offers great opportunities for investigating genetic and nongenetic risk factors for disorders in children and is open to collaborative initiatives. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:675–684, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Answering evolutionary questions: A guide for mechanistic biologists
Authors: Masel Joanna , Promislow Daniel E. L.
Published: May 2016

The questions and methods of molecular biology and evolutionary biology are clearly distinct, yet a unified approach can lead to deep insights. Unfortunately, attempts to unify these approaches are fraught with pitfalls. In this informal series of questions and answers, we offer the mechanistically oriented biologist a set of steps to come up with evolutionarily reasonable and meaningful hypotheses. We emphasize the critical power and importance of carefully constructed null hypotheses, and we illustrate our ideas with examples representing a range of topics, from the biology of aging, to protein structure, to speciation, and more. We also stress the importance of mathematics as the lingua franca for biologists of all stripes, and encourage mechanistic biologists to seek out quantitative collaborators to build explicit mathematical models, making their assumptions explicit, and their logic clear and testable. Biologists in all realms of inquiry stand to gain from strong bridges between our disciplines.
Genetic Code Expansion by Degeneracy Reprogramming of Arginyl Codons
Authors: Lee Ki Baek , Hou Chen Yuan , Kim Chae‐Eun , Kim Dong‐Myung , Suga Hiroaki , Kang Taek Jin
Published: May 2016

The genetic code in most organisms codes for 20 proteinogenic amino acids or translation stop. In order to encode more than 20 amino acids in the coding system, one of stop codons is usually reprogrammed to encode a non‐proteinogenic amino acid. Although this approach works, usually only one amino acid is added to the amino acid repertoire. In this study, we incorporated non‐proteinogenic amino acids into a protein by using a sense codon. As all the codons are allocated in the universal genetic code, we destroyed all the tRNAArg in a cell‐free protein synthesis system by using a tRNAArg‐specific tRNase, colicin D. Then by supplementing the system with tRNACCU, the translation system was partially restored. Through this creative destruction, reprogrammable codons were successfully created in the system to encode modified lysines along with the 20 proteinogenic amino acids.
ChemInform Abstract: RAMAN SPECTRA OF POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE AND POTASSIUM PERBROMATE IN ANHYDROUS HYDROGEN FLUORIDE AND THE ACID STRENGTHS OF PERCHLORIC AND PERBROMIC ACIDS
Authors: STEIN L. , APPELMAN E. H.
Published: May 2016

Die quantitative Analyse der Spektren als Funktion der Konzentration erlaubt die Bestimmung der Gleichgewichtskonstanten für die Protonierung.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF FLUORIDE ION ON THE ANODIC GRAPHITE OXIDATION IN ALKALI METAL CHLORIDE ELECTROLYTE
Authors: JUREWICZ J.
Published: May 2016

Bei Zugabe kleiner Mengen von NH4F ( ;z.B. 0.5 g/l) zur NaCl‐Lösung sinkt die Cl2‐Ausbeute zugunsten der O2‐Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTON EXCHANGE IN THE BASE‐CATALYZED AMMONIATION OF THE TRANS‐DICHLOROTETRAAMMINECOBALT(III) CATION
Authors: BALT S. , GAMELKOORN H. J. , KUIPERS H. J. A. M. , RENKEMA W. E.
Published: May 2016

Die zwischen ‐40 und ‐60 °C in flüssigem NH3 untersuchte Reaktion A läuft, wie durch 15NH3‐Markierung gezeigt wird, nach einem zweistufigen konjugierten Basen‐Mechanismus unter 98proz. stereochemischer Retention ab.
ChemInform Abstract: Photodecomposition of Liquid Water with TiO2‐Supported Noble Metal Clusters.
Authors: YESODHARAN E. , GRAETZEL M. +
Published: May 2016

Rh‐ und Ru‐beladene TiO2‐Teilchen wurden durch Imprägnieren mit gelösten Cluster‐ Vorläufern [Rh6(CO)16Ru3(CO)12] hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF COORDINATIVELY SATURATED COMPLEX FLUORO CATIONS. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CLF6+ASF6‐ AND CLF6+SBF6‐
Authors: CHRISTE K. O. , WILSON W. W. , CURTIS E. C.
Published: May 2016

Reines ClF6+AsF6‐ läßt sich durch Umsetzen von KrF2 mit ClF5 und AsF5 in ClF5‐ oder wasserfreier HF‐Lösung als weißer, kristalliner Festkörper darstellen, der unter dynamischem Vakuum bis 110°C stabil ist.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXATION OF ZINC TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRIN BY ADSORBED POLY(4‐VINYLPYRIDINE): EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES
Authors: BECKER D. S. , HAYES R. G.
Published: May 2016

Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten der reversiblen Komplexierung von Tetraphenylporphinato‐Zn mit Poly‐(4‐vinyl‐pyridin) wurden sowohl in Lösung als auch in einem System gemessen, in dem das Polymere an der Oberfläche von verschmolzener Kieselsäure adsorbiert ist.
ChemInform Abstract: DOMINANCE OF THE PROXIMITY EFFECT OF COMPLEXATION OVER RESONANCE AND INDUCTIVE EFFECTS IN DIRECTING A METALATION: REGIOSPECIFIC β LITHIATION OF N,N‐DIISOPROPYLCYCLOHEX‐3‐ENECARBOXAMIDE AND OF N,N‐DIISOPROPYL‐2‐METHYLPENT‐3‐ENECARBOXAMIDE
Authors: BEAK P. , HUNTER J. E. , JUN Y. M.
Published: May 2016

Während die Einwirkung von Na‐dimsylat auf (III) über das erwartete Enolat (II) zu dem deuterierten Isomeren (I) führt, erhält man bei Lithiierung von (III) in Gegenwart von Tetramethylendiamin durch β‐Metallierung (IV), das mit elektrophilen Verbindungen (organischen Halogeniden, Aceton, D2O) zu den Isomeren (V) und (VI) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF CYCLOALKENONES. 3. EFFECTS OF SPECIFIC REACTION PARAMETERS
Authors: FRINGUELLI F. , PIZZO F. , TATICCHI A. , WENKERT E.
Published: May 2016

Die Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion zwischen Dienen (I) und den Cycloalkenonen (II)‐(IV) zu Addukten wie (V) wird systematisch bearbeitet.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE PHOTOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF N,N′‐DIMETHYLINDOLO(2,3‐C)CARBAZOLE AND THE MECHANISM OF ITS FORMATION FROM N,N′‐DIMETHYL‐N,N′‐DIPHENYL‐1,4‐PHENYLENEDIAMINE
Authors: WELLER H. , GRELLMANN K.‐H.
Published: May 2016

In einer 2‐Photonenreaktion geht das Phenylendiamin (I) nach intermediärer Bildung des Carbazols (II) in das Indolocarbazol (III) über, wobei die Anwesenheit von O2 unerläßlich ist, und sich für einen O2 Gehalt von 0.5‐2% maximale Quantenausbeute für die Entstehung von (III) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF PHOTOACTIVE CHARGE‐TRANSFER COMPLEXES BETWEEN METHYL VIOLOGEN AND SACRIFICAL ELECTRON DONORS. EDTA AND TRIETHANOLAMINE
Authors: HOFFMAN M. Z. , PRASAD D. R. , JONES G. II , MALBA V.
Published: May 2016

Methylviologen MV2+ (1,1′‐Dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium) als Chlorid bildet mit EDTA und Triethanolamin photoaktive Ladungsübertragungskomplexe, deren Photolyse bei 366 nm das stabile Kation MV+· liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL SILICON‐PROMOTED CYCLOALKYLATION OF ALKENYLMETAL DERIVATIVES
Authors: NEGISHI E. , BOARDMAN L. D. , TOUR J. M. , SAWADA H. , RAND C. L.
Published: May 2016

Die Synthese von Fünf‐ und Sechsringen erfordert eine Modifikation des Substrats und andere Reaktionsbedingungen: Bildung der Cycloalkan‐Derivate (XIVa) und (XVI) aus den Iodalkenen (XIIIb) bzw. (XV).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF SOME 8‐OXA DERIVATIVES OF 2,4‐DIENOIC ACID ESTERS
Authors: STREINZ L. , ROMANUK M.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von dem aus Propargylalkohol (I) und Crotonaldehyd (II) dargestellten Aldehyd (III) werden die Juvenoide (VI) und (X), sowie das Ethylketon (VIII) wie im Formelschema angegeben synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIZATION OF POLYENES. 38. PREPARATION OF ENANTIOMERICALLY PURE 1‐HYDROXYNEOCEMBRENES TO DETERMINE THE UNSOLVED ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF CEMBRENOIDS
Authors: AOKI M. , UYEHARA T. , KATO T. , KABUTO K. , YAMAGUCHI S.
Published: May 2016

Das aus Geranylgeraniumsäurechlorid herstellbare vierzehngliedrige D,L‐Ringketon(I) wird durch Reduktion mit dem (+)‐Carvon‐Lithiumaluminiumhydrid‐Komplex enantioselektiv zu einem Gemisch der beiden Alkohole (II) und (III) reduziert, von denen der im Überschuß vorliegende Alkohol (III) nach Reinigung über das d‐Menthoxyacetat mit Lithium in Ethylamin zum bekannten (‐)‐Neocembren (IV) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: RING TRANSFORMATION OF 4‐AMINO‐1H‐1,5‐BENZODIAZEPINE‐3‐CARBONITRILE. II. FORMATION OF RING‐OPENED HYDRAZINE ADDUCTS
Authors: OKAMOTO Y. , UEDA T. , TAKAGI K.
Published: May 2016

Das Benzodiazepin (I) reagiert mit Hydrazinen zu den Hydrazonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACKS ON ACTIVATED 9‐METHYLENEFLUORENES. APPLICATION OF THE RITCHIE EQUATION TO LOW‐LYING LUMO SUBSTRATES
Authors: HOZ S. , SPEIZMAN D.
Published: May 2016

Nucleophile Additionsreaktionen an die aktivierten 9‐Methylen‐fluorene (I) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC 9‐HYDROXYLATION OF ANTHRACYCLINONES. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐4‐DEMETHOXYDAUNOMYCINONE
Authors: DOMINGUEZ D. , CAVA M. P.
Published: May 2016

Die beiden Daunomycinderivate (I) werden zu (II) bromiert und zu den Olefinen (III) debromiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC 5‐NITRO‐2‐FURYLAMINES AND AROMATIC 5‐NITROFURFURYL ETHERS
Authors: MOCELO R. , KOVAC J.
Published: May 2016

Durch entsprechende Substitutionsreaktionen wurden aus dem Nitrofurfurylbromid (Ia) die Verbindungen (Ib), (III), (V), (VI) und (VIII) sowie (mit 2‐Amino‐phenol) (V) (Z2: 2‐NH2) und (VI) (Z2: 2‐OH) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: INDOLE β‐NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION. PART 7. β‐HALOGENATION OF INDOLES. ATTEMPTED INTRAMOLECULAR β‐NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF α‐ARYLINDOLES
Authors: DALTON L. , HUMPHREY G. L. , COOPER M. M. , JOULE J. A.
Published: May 2016

Es wird die Möglichkeit der intramolekularen nucleophilen β‐Substitution von 2‐Aryl‐1‐phenylsulfonylindolen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1‐aryl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐ones.
Authors: HYATT J. A. , MAGGUILLI C. A. , FRENCH S. E.
Published: May 2016

Aus β‐Nitropropionsäureethylester (I) entstehen in Gegenwart von Alkoholat mit Diazoniumsalzen (II) die Hydrazone (III), die nach katalytischer Hydrierung zu (IV) zu den Pyrazolinonen (V) cyclokondensieren.
ChemInform Abstract: Anticonvulsant Property of Substituted 5‐Aryltetrazol‐2‐ylacetylcarbamides.
Authors: JAISWAL R. K. , JAISWAL N. , PARMAR S. S. , JAMES E. C.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Nitrilen (I) erhält man mit Natriumazid die Tetrazole (II), die mit den aus den Aminen (V) über die Harnstoffe (VI) zugänglichen Chloracetyl‐harnstoffen (III) zu (IV) kondensiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REDOX‐PHOTOSENSITIZED REACTIONS. 10. FORMATION OF A NOVEL TYPE OF ADDUCT BETWEEN AN NADH MODEL AND CARBONYL COMPOUNDS BY PHOTOSENSITIZATION USING RU(BPY)32+
Authors: ISHITANI O. , PAC C. , SAKURAI H.
Published: May 2016

Unter Ru‐Katalyse erhält man aus 1‐Benzyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐nicotinamid (I) mit den Oxoverbindungen (II) neben den Reduktionsprodukten (VI) entsprechende Addukte wie (IIIe) bzw. (IV) sowie das Dimere (V).
ChemInform Abstract: ACTIVATED NITRILES IN HETEROCYCLIC SYNTHESIS. A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF PYRAZOLO(1,5‐A)PYRIMIDINES AND PYRANO(2,3‐C)PYRAZOLES
Authors: ELFAHHAM H. A. , ABDEL‐GALIL F. M. , IBRAHEIM Y. R. , ELNAGDI M. H.
Published: May 2016

Die Aminopyrazole (II) bzw. ‐pyrazolone (VI) und (IX) werden in der angegebenen Weise unter Bildung von Pyrazolopyrimidinen und Pyranopyrazolen mit den aktivierten Zimtsäurenitrilen (I) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF 5‐HYDROXY‐6‐(HYDROXYALKYL)URACILS. SYNTHESIS OF SPIRO(PYRIMIDINE‐4,2′‐PYRANO(3,2‐D)PYRIMIDINES)
Authors: SASSON I. M. , GAGNIER R. P. , OTTER B. A.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Uracil (I) entsteht mit Pyridin in Methanol intermediär das Methylen‐keton (II), das mit Alkali in (III) übergeht, sonst aber zu (IV) dimerisiert, aus dem das stabile (V) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME SULFUR‐CONTAINING QUINOXALINES
Authors: CAMPAIGNE E. , MCLAUGHLIN A. R.
Published: May 2016

2,3‐Dichlorchinoxalin (II) liefert die Substitutionsprodukte (I) und (III) bzw. (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL APPLICATION OF THE “T‐AMINO EFFECT” IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY; SYNTHESIS OF 5H‐PYRROLO‐ AND 1H,6H‐PYRIDO(1,2‐α)(3,1)BENZOXAZINES
Authors: VERBOOM W. , VAN DIJK B. G. , REINHOUDT D. N.
Published: May 2016

Die Pyrrolidino‐ und Piperidino‐Aromaten (I) werden mit Trifluoracetanhydrid in o‐Stellung zu (II) und z.Tl. seinen Hydraten (III) umgesetzt und dann thermisch über diskutierte Zwischenstufen zu (IV) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Selenadiazolo[2,3‐b]quinazoline Derivatives via Japp‐Klingemann Reaction.
Authors: ABDELHAMID A. O. , HASSANEEN H. M. , SHWALI A. S.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Diazoniumsalzen (I) mit (II) erhaltene Hydrazone (III) liefern die Selenocyanate (IV), die auch aus den Selenoketonen (V) mit (I) erhalten werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF ORGANIC DIHALIDES WITH ORGANYLTELLURIDE (RTE‐) ANIONS: TELLURONIUM SALTS AND CHARGE‐TRANSFER COMPLEXES
Authors: DE SILVA K. G. K. , MONSEF‐MIRZAI Z. , MCWHINNIE W. R.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktionen von Na‐aryltelluriden mit organischen Dihalogeniden werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTIONS OF TETRAHYDROTHIOPHENE (THT) WITH TRIBROMOSULFIDONIOBIUM(V) AND TRICHLOROSULFIDONIOBIUM(V) AND THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THREE OF THE PRODUCTS NB2CL4S3.4THT, NB2BR4S3.4THT, AND NBBR3S.2THT
Authors: DREW M. G. B. , RICE D. A. , WILLIAMS D. M.
Published: May 2016

Von den ursprünglich bei der untersuchten Titelreaktion sich bildenden Komplexen NbX3S·2tht läßt sich das Bromo‐Derivat (I) durch eine Kristallstrukturbestimmung (RG P21/m mit Z=2) charakterisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: CONFORMATIONAL EFFECTS UPON THE STABILITY AND REACTIVITY OF THE (1.1)FERROCENOPHAN‐1‐YL AND DIFERROCENYLMETHYL CATIONS
Authors: BUNTON C. A. , WATTS W. E.
Published: May 2016

Die Geschwindigkeits‐ und Gleichgewichtskonstanten für die Umwandlung der Ferrocenophan‐Titelverbindung (Ia) und des Alkohols (Ib) ineinander in einer 1:1 H2O /MeCN‐Mischung wurden gemessen und mit entsprechenden Werten für das Diferrocenylmethyl‐Kation und Diferrocenylmethanol verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: X‐RAY AND ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON A SERIES OF QUINQUEDENTATE COBALT(II) COMPLEXES AND THEIR REACTIVITY TOWARDS DIOXYGEN
Authors: ZANELLO P. , CINI R. , CINQUANTINI A. , ORIOLI P. L.
Published: May 2016

Die Co(II)‐Komplexe (I) der fünfzähnigen Schiffschen Basen werden nach bekannten Methoden dargestellt und ihr elektrochemisches Verhalten und ihre Reaktivität gegenüber Disauerstoff in DMSO mittels cyclischer Voltammetrie untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF VITAMIN B12. PART 23. DECOMPOSITION OF THE COBALT(I) COBALAMIN B12S IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION: A NOVEL OSCILLATING REACTION
Authors: CHEMALY S. M. , HASTY R. A. , PRATT J. M.
Published: May 2016

Die Zersetzung des Titelkomplexes unter N, zu dem Co(II) Cobalamin B12 wurde bei 36°C mittels Spektrophotometrie im UV und sichtbaren Bereich untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND X‐RAY STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF (TRIS(2‐DIPHENYLPHOSPHINOETHYL)PHOSPHINE)NICKEL(I) PERCHLORATE AND TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE(TRIS(2‐DIPHENYLARSINOETHYL)AMINE)NICKEL(I) PERCHLORATE
Authors: CECCONI F. , MIDOLLINI S. , ORLANDINI A.
Published: May 2016

Die kationischen Ni(I)‐Titelkomplexe (II) und (IV) werden durch Oxidation des Ni(0)‐Komplexes (I) mit Cyclopropenyliumperchlorat in Gegenwart der entsprechenden Tripodliganden erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPARTMENTAL LIGANDS. PART 6. TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES OF A NONSYMMETRIC, ACYCLIC, SCHIFF BASE DERIVED FROM HEPTANE‐2,4,6‐TRIONE, 1‐(O‐HYDROXYPHENYL)BUTANE‐1,3‐DIONE, AND 1,2‐DIAMINOETHANE
Authors: COSTES J.‐P. , FENTON D. E.
Published: May 2016

Die wie aufgezeichnet synthetisierte unsymm., acyclische Schiffsche Base (III) reagiert mit Cu(II)‐acetat in Methanol als O2N2‐Ligand unter Bildung des Komplexes (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: DIASTEREOISOMERIC CHIRAL DIPHOSPHINECHLORO(η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES AND THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF (1,2‐BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)PROPANE‐P,P′)CHLORO(η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)RUTHENIU# M
Authors: MORANDINI F. , CONSIGLIO G. , STRAUB B. , CIANI G. , SIRONI A.
Published: May 2016

Die diastereomeren Chelatkomplexe (II) und (III) bilden sich wie aufgezeigt in nahezu äquimolaren Mengen aus dem Komplex (I).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHINE LIGANDS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF POLYNUCLEAR COMPLEXES. 2. 2,6‐BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)PYRIDINE COMPLEXES OF PALLADIUM(II) AND RHODIUM(I)
Authors: WOOD F. E. , OLMSTEAD M. M. , BALCH A. L.
Published: May 2016

Dichloro‐1,5‐cyclooctadien‐Pd(II) reagiert mit dem Titelliganden in Methylenchlorid zu dem 18‐gliedrigen cyclischen Dreikernkomplex (I).
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS OF (OS3(CO)10(NCME)2) WITH ARENES: THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF μ3‐BENZYNEDI‐μ‐HYDRIDO‐CYCLO‐TRIS(TRICARBONYLOSMIUM)(3OS‐OS)
Authors: GOUDSMIT R. J. , JOHNSON B. F. G. , LEWIS J. , RAITHBY P. R. , ROSALES M. J.
Published: May 2016

Durch Rückflußerhitzen des Clusters (I) in Benzol wird der Benzyn‐Cluster (II) erhalten, der in der RG P21/c mit Z=8 kristallisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: 9,10‐SYN‐PODOCARPANE DITERPENOIDS. AN APPROACH TO THE TRICYCLIC SKELETON BY DIELS‐ALDER CYCLOADDITION. RELATED CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DETERMINATION AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS
Authors: ORSINI F. , PELIZZONI F. , PITEA D. , ABBONDANTI E. , MUGNOLI A.
Published: May 2016

Chinon‐carbonsäureester (I) und Vinyl‐cyclohexen (II) reagieren zum Diels‐Alder‐Addukt (III), das zu (IV) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: RING TRANSFORMATIONS OF HETEROCYCLES WITH NUCLEOPHILES. 31. CHEMICAL STUDIES ON CARBOHYDRATES. III. THE RING CONVERSION OF HYDRAZINOALDOSES INTO PSEUDO‐N‐NUCLEOSIDES BY RING TRANSFORMATION
Authors: SMIT P. , STORK G. A. , VAN DER PLAS H. C.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung der Zuckerhydrazine (I) mit dem Salz (II) liefert die Pyrazole (III); neben (IIIe) bzw. (IIIf) werden auch die Triazole (IVa) bzw. (IVb) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF AN 8‐HYDROXYMETHYL SUBSTITUENT ON THE BASE‐CATALYZED RING OPENING OF 7,8‐EPOXYIRIDOID GLUCOSIDES
Authors: DAVINI E. , IAVARONE C. , TROGOLO C.
Published: May 2016

Für zahlreiche Epoxy‐iridoid‐glucoside (I) werden nucleophile Spaltreaktionen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROGENOLYSIS OF THE ISOMERIC 1,2:4,6‐DI‐O‐BENZYLIDENE‐α‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSE DERIVATIVES WITH THE LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE‐ALUMINUM CHLORIDE REAGENT
Authors: LIPTAK A. , IMRE J. , HARANGI J. , NANASI P.
Published: May 2016

Die Monobenzylidenglucose (I) wird in die exo‐ bzw. endo‐Dibenzylidenglucose (III) bzw. (IV) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5‐DEOXY‐5‐FLUOROSPORARICIN A
Authors: TORII T. , TSUCHIYA T. , UMEZAWA S.
Published: May 2016

Sporaricin B wird in das Carbamat (Ia) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON HETERO SUGARS. PART VII. A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ACETAMIDO‐2‐DEOXY‐5‐THIO‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSE
Authors: TANAHASHI E. , KISO M. , HASEGAWA A.
Published: May 2016

Der Aminozucker (I) wird in das Acetal (IIa) umgewandelt, aus dem durch selektive Benzylierung und Sulfonierung das Derivat (IIb) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BENZYL 2,3,4‐TRI‐ACETAMIDO‐2,3,4,6‐TETRADEOXY‐α‐D‐GALACTOPYRANOSIDE
Authors: SARFATI S. R. , SZABO L.
Published: May 2016

Das Acetamidoallosid (Ia) wird über die Stufe des Trimesylats (Ib) zum 6‐Desoxyallosid (II) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCATALYSIS OF OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE REDUCTION BY UPD OF BISMUTH ON POLY‐ AND MONOCRYSTALLINE GOLD ELECTRODES IN ACID SOLUTIONS
Authors: SAYED S. M. , JUETTNER K. +
Published: May 2016

Der elektrokatalytische Einfluß einer underpotential deposition (UPD) von Bi auf die kathodische Reduktion von O2 (O2 + 2H+ + 2e‐→ H2O2) und H2O2 (H2O2 + 2 H+ + 2e‐→ 2 H2O) wurde an poly‐ und monokristallinen (111)‐ und (100)‐Au‐Elektroden in 0.5 M HClO4 untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of Molybdenum‐Platinum Catalysts Supported on γ‐Alumina by X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.
Authors: DEVRIES J. E. , YAO H. C. , BAIRD R. J. , GANDHI H. S.
Published: May 2016

Die Reduktion von MoO3/γ‐Al2O3 bei 500°C in H2 erzeugte eine Mischung von Mo(VI), Mo(V) und Mo(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: DIOXYGEN ACTIVATION BY PHOTOEXCITED COPPER ATOMS
Authors: OZIN G. A. , MITCHELL S. A. , GARCIA‐PRIETO J.
Published: May 2016

Die Untersuchung der Photochemie von Cu‐Atomen in gemischten Edelgas/O2‐Matrizen (u. a. Cu/O2/Xe = ca. 1:100:10000) bei 12 K durch UV‐VIS‐Absorption/Fluoreszenz‐, IR‐ und ESR‐Messungen zeigte die Bildung von CuO2 durch Reaktion von 1P←2S‐photoangeregten Cu‐Atomen mit O2.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF COLLOIDAL METAL SULFIDES. 5. FLUORESCENCE AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF ZINC SULFIDE AND ZINC SULFIDE/CADMIUM SULFIDE CO‐COLLOIDS
Authors: HENGLEIN A. , GUTIERREZ M.
Published: May 2016

Durch Zugabe von Zn(ClO4)2‐Lösung zu einer Na2S‐Lösung mit 6‐10‐3 M kolloidalem SiO2 (20 nm) wurden kleine kolloidale ZnS‐Teilchen (2‐3 nm) auf SiO2 ‐Träger erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OXIDE INTERSTITIAL DERIVATIVES OF ZIRCONIUM MONOCHLORIDE AND MONOBROMIDE
Authors: SEAVERSON L. M. , CORBETT J. D.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktionen von ZrO2 mit den (X‐Zr‐Zr‐X)‐Doppel‐Metallschicht‐Verbindungen ZrCl und ZrBr bei ca. 980°C und mit Zr‐Metall bei 930°C wurden mittels Guinier‐Pulver‐Analysen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMISTRY IN LIQUID AMMONIA. VII. HALONITROBENZENES
Authors: TEHERANI T. , BARD A. J.
Published: May 2016

Die elektrochemische Reduktion der Titelverbindungen (I) führt zu Radikalanionen (II), die erheblich stabiler sind als in anderen nichtwäßrigen Lösungsmitteln.
ChemInform Abstract: PECULIAR ASPECTS OF THE ANODIC OXIDATION OF VINYLIC SULFIDES
Authors: LE GUILLANTON G. , SIMONET J.
Published: May 2016

Der Verlauf der anodischen Oxidation von Vinylsulfiden in Acetonitril wird von der Struktur des Substrats und der Natur des Reaktionsmediums kontrolliert: die Oxidation der Sulfide (I) führt unter Deprotonierung am C‐2, Wanderung der Mercaptogruppe und Anlagerung des Nucleophils an das C‐1 in Gegenwart von H2O zu den Aldehyden (II) und in Gegenwart von Methanol zu den Acetalen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: NECIC ACID SYNTHONS. PART 2. REGIOSELECTIVITY IN THE REACTIONS OF (Z)‐2‐BROMOMETHYL‐2‐ALKENOATE ESTERS WITH SELECTED CARBON NUCLEOPHILES
Authors: AMEER F. , DREWES S. E. , EMSLIE N. D. , KAYE P. T. , MANN R. L.
Published: May 2016

Die Acrylsäureester (I) addieren die Aldehyde (II) unter Bildung der Hydroxyester (III), die beim Behandeln mit konz. HBr/H2SO4 die Z‐Bromester (IV) geben.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOINDUCED INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLIZATION OF 9‐(Ω‐ANILINOALKYL)PHENANTHRENES
Authors: SUGIMOTO A. , SUMI K. , URAKAWA K. , IKEMURA M. , SAKAMOTO S. , YONEDA S. , OTSUJI Y.
Published: May 2016

9‐Bromphenanthren wird durch eine Grignard‐Reaktion in das o‐Tolylderivat (Ia) und weiter mit N‐Bromsuccinimid sowie Anilin über (Ib) in die Titelverbindung (IIa) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: CERIC AMMONIUM NITRATE OXIDATION OF SOME OXIRANES
Authors: DHAR D. N. , BAG A. K.
Published: May 2016

Die Oxidation der Epoxide(I) bzw. (V) mit Cerammoniumnitrat (II) führt zu den Aldehyden (III) bzw. (VI) und den Carbonsäuren (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC LINEAR OLIGOMER‐COPPER COMPLEXES IN AUTOXIDATION OF PHENOLS
Authors: TSUKUBE H. , MARUYAMA K. , ARAKI T.
Published: May 2016

Lineare Oligo(ethylenimine) wie (I) beschleunigen als Komplexe mit CuCl2 die oxidative Kupplung des Phenols (II), wobei der Einsatz von (Ia) und (Ib) ausschließlich und der von (Ic) überwiegend zum polymeren O‐C‐Kupplungsprodukt (III) führt.