bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Ketahanan Populasi Haploid Ganda Silangan IR64 dan Oryza rufipogon terhadap Hawar Daun Bakteri pada Stadia Bibit
Authors: Kadir Triny S. , Hanarida Ida , Utami Dwinita W. , Koerniati S. , Ambarwati A. D. , Apriana A. , Sisharmini A.
Published: February 2017

Evaluation of resistance of double haploid population of crosses between IR64 and Oryza rufipogon against Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) at seedling stage was conducted during dry season 2005/2006 in the screen house, at Rice Centre Research at Sukamandi. Inoculum was prepared by isolating BLB infected leaf in laboratory using Wakimoto’s media. Seeds were germinated in petri dish for 48 hours, and then were sown in the plastic boxes size of 40 cm x 30 cm, each family was planted in 10 cm long row. TN1, IRBB, Code, Angke, dan O. rufipogon were used as control. Leaf inoculation of isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (XOO) ras III, IV, and VIII with concentration of 108 cell/ml, were applied to the plants at 18-21 day old plants by cutting method. Fertilizer application as recommended. Pest and weed control were based on necessity. Observation of disease severity was carried out after a sensitive control, TN1, was a severely affected. Observation method based on SES IRRI (1996) which are 1 for plant showed 0-3% of leaf damage, 2(4-6%), 3(7-12%), 4(13-25%), 5(26-50%), 6(51-75%), 7(7-87%), 8(88-94%), and 9 for plant with 95-100% of leaf damage. Result showed that Bio50-ACBlas/ BLB03, Bio59-AC-BLB05 and Bio67-AC-BLB05 lines were resistant to phato-type III, 11 lines showed moderate resistant to phato-type IV, and Bio46-AC-Blas/BLB03, Bio47- AC-BLB05, and Bio48-AC-BLB05 lines were resistant to phato-type VIII. Apart of those, there were 2 lines, Bio38-ACBLB05, and Bio63-AC-Blas/BLB03 showed moderately resistance to three phatotypes tested.

 

Abstrak

Evaluasi ketahanan populasi haploid ganda silangan IR64 dan Oryza rufipogon terhadap hawar daun bakteri (HDB) pada stadia bibit telah dilakukan pada MK 2005/2006 di rumah kaca Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, Sukamandi. Penyiapan inokulum dilaksanakan dengan mengisolasi daun yang terinfeksi HDB di laboratorium dengan menggunakan media Wakimoto. Tanaman dikecambahkan dalam petri selama 48 jam, kemudian ditanam dalam kotak plastik berukuran 40 cm x 30 cm. Tiap tanaman ditanam sepanjang 10 cm. Tanaman TN1, IRBB, Code, Angke, dan O. rufipogon, dipakai sebagai pembanding. Inokulasi dilakukan dengan konsentrasi 108 cell/ ml, dengan isolat Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) ras III, IV, dan VIII, pada umur 18-21 hari setelah sebar dengan cara digunting. Pemupukan dilakukan sesuai rekomendasi. Pengelolaan hama dan gulma dilaksanakan berdasarkan keadaan. Metode pengamatan menggunakan SES IRRI (1996). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan, galur yang tahan terhadap HDB ras III ialah Bio50-AC-Blas/BLB03, Bio59-AC-BLB05, dan Bio67-AC-BLB05. Untuk ras IV, terdapat 11 galur yang menunjukkan ketahanan moderat (agak tahan). Untuk ras VIII galur Bio46-AC-Blas/BLB03, Bio47-AC-BLB05, dan Bio48- AC-BLB05 bereaksi tahan. Galur Bio38-AC-BLB05 dan Bio63-AC-Blas/BLB03 agak tahan terhadap ketiga ras HDB.
Identifikasi Ketahanan Sumber Daya Genetik Kedelai terhadap Hama Pengisap Polong
Authors: Asadi NFN
Published: February 2017

Pod sucking bugs are the main insects pest that affect both yield quality and quantity of soybean seriously. There are three kinds of insect pest ie: Riptortus linearis (F), Nezara viridula (L), and Piezodorus rubrofasciatus. The soybean plants were mainly attacked by insects during seed and pod development decreased yield up to 79%. To identify soybean germplasm resistant to pod sucking bugs for breeding base material, 100 accessions of soybean germplasm were tested in Bogor Experimental Station during the wet season 2003. Each accession was planted in 2 m x 3 m plot with 40 cm x 15 cm plant spacing. There was no pest control during flowering stage until pod maturing stage. Data collected were population of each pod suckers bugs, percentage of seed and pods damage. The accessions with 0-20% of seed damage (score 1) were selected as the resistant genotypes. The result showed that among three kinds pod suckers, population of Riptortus linearis was higher then others. It was found nearly in each plot with different insect incident (score 1-4). Based on seeds and pods damage symptom, there were identified 17 accessions resistant to pod suckers. The lowest seed and pod damage caused by the insect were found in TGM 131-1-1-1B and GM425 Si accessions. The selected accessions were suggested to be used as parent materials for future breeding program.

 

Abstrak

Hama pengisap polong merupakan hama penting yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan hasil kedelai secara signifikan. Ada tiga jenis hama pengisap polong yang sering ditemukan menyerang pertanaman kedelai, yaitu Riptortus linearis (F), Nezara viridula (L), dan Piezodorus rubrofasciatus. Hama tersebut menyerang pertanaman kedelai selama stadia pengisian biji hingga menjelang polong masak. Serangan hama pengisap polong dapat menurunkan hasil kedelai hingga 79%. Sumber daya genetik (plasma nufah) kedelai tahan hama pengisap polong sangat diperlukan sebagai bahan dasar pemuliaan. Sebanyak 100 aksesi plasma nutfah kedelai telah diuji ketahanannya di Kebun Percobaan Cikeumeuh, Bogor, pada MH 2003. Setiap aksesi ditanam pada petakan berukuran 2 m x 3 m dengan jarak 40 cm x 15 cm. Mulai dari stadia pembungaan hingga polong masak tidak dilakukan penyemprotan hama. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap populasi ketiga jenis hama pengisap polong, skor ketahanan/persentase biji, dan polong terserang. Aksesi dengan persentase biji terserang (skor 1) digolongkan pada aksesi tahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dari ketiga jenis hama pengisap polong, R. linearis ditemukan paling banyak, hampir pada setiap petak pengujian dengan tingkat serangan yang berbeda. Berdasarkan skor gejala kerusakan pada biji dan polong telah diidentifikasi 17 aksesi plasma nutfah kedelai yang tergolong tahan terhadap hama pengisap polong. Persentase biji dan polong rusak terendah ditemukan pada aksesi TGM 131-1-1-1B dan GM425Si. Kedua aksesi tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai sumber tetua persilangan dalam program pemuliaan untuk ketahanan terhadap hama pengisap polong.
Genotypic Differences between Indonesian Accessions of Wild Cowpea (Vigna vexillata) and Related Vigna Species Based on Morpho-agronomic Traits
Authors: Karuniawan Agung , Widiastuti M. L. , Suganda T. , Visser B. L.
Published: February 2017

Penelitin in bertujuan untuk menguji perbedaan genotipe berdasarkan karakter morfo-agronomi di antara aksesi ‘wild cowpea’ (Vigna vexillata) dan kerabatnya dalam genus Vigna. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung di Sumedang, Jawa Barat, mulai dari Oktober 2005 sampai Maret 2006. Pengujian meliputi 16 genotipe dengan dua ulangan dalam rancangan acak kelompok. Setiap genotipe ditumbuhkan dalam satu baris tanam sepanjang 6 m. Terdapat variasi yang luas dalam karakter morfo-agronomi di antara genotipe yang diuji. Analisis keragaman menunjukkan bahwa untuk beberapa karakter, aksesi V. vexillata serupa dengan kerabatnya dalam genus Vigna. Namun, beberapa tipe V. vexillata budi daya asal Bali menunjukkan hubungan yang jauh dengan kerabat liarnya asal Afrika.

 

Abstrak

This research examined genotypic differences in morphoagronomic traits among ‘wild cowpea’ (Vigna vexillata) accessions and related groups in the genus Vigna. The traits were observed under natural, open field conditions at the field experimental station of The Faculty of Agriculture of Padjadjaran University, West Java, Indonesia, between October 2005 and March 2006. sixteen genotypes studied were planted in two replications and arranged in randomized complete block design. The plants of each genotype were grown in a single row plot of 6 m long. Large variations in morpho-agronomic traits were observed between genotypes. Analysis of genotypic differences showed that for certain traits, the V. vexillata accessions were similar to their relatives within the genus Vigna. However, some cultivated forms of V. vexillata from Bali exhibited some distinct differences from related wild genotypes of African origin.
Kajian Tumbuhan Obat Akar Kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr.) di Kelompok Hutan Gelawan, Kabupaten Kampar, Riau
Authors: Subiandono Endro , Heriyanto N. M.
Published: February 2017

The study of akar kuning species (Arcangelisia flava Merr.) in Gelawan Forest Complex, Kampar District, Riau, was conducted in April 2005. This research used square plot measuring 1 km x 1 km (100 ha), in square plot made 5 systematicly line transect covering an area 1,000 m length and 20 m width distance between line transect 200 m. Each square plot was divided into sub plot to measure seedling, sampling, pole, and tree. Replications used two sample plots. The result of vegetation analysis, wide plot of 20 ha, with diversity index of tree, pole, sampling and seedling in habitat A. flava is 2.98, 3.57, 2.86, and 3.10. Each nineteen species included 28 individual crept by 33 individu of A. flava or density 1.65 individu/ha. Moreover, the density of A. flava with the average diameter and length was 4.84 cm and 17.18 m. Tree density that have diameter bigger than 20 was 98.65 individual per hectare. The species that closely associated with A. flava was Palaquium hexandrum Engl., Dyera costulata Hook.f., Dipterocarpus costulasus V.Sl. and Campnosperma auriculata Hook.f., in which association index was about 0.43, 0.31, 0.21, and 0.21. Domination of tree species with important value index/IVI above 15% at this habitat was: D. costulasus, Shorea parvifolia Dyer, P. hexandrum, C. auriculata and D. costulata.

 

Abstrak

Kajian tumbuhan obat akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava Merr.) di kelompok hutan Gelawan, Kabupaten Kampar, Riau, dilakukan pada bulan April 2005. Penelitian ini menggunakan satuan contoh berbentuk bujur sangkar dengan ukuran 1 km x 1 km (100 ha). Di dalam plot bujur sangkar dibuat 5 jalur ukur yang diletakkan secara sistematik dengan jarak antarjalur 200 m, lebar jalur 20 m panjang 1.000 m dan pada jalur ini dilakukan pengukuran semai, pancang, tiang, dan pohon. Jumlah satuan contoh dua buah plot. Hasil analisis vegetasi pada luas plot 20 ha, nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis tingkat pohon, tiang, pancang, dan semai di habitat akar kuning masing-masing adalah 2,98; 3,57; 2,86; dan 3,10. Ditemukan 19 jenis pohon berjumlah 28 individu yang dirambati oleh 33 batang akar kuning atau kepadatan 1,65 individu/ha berdiameter dan panjang rata-rata, yaitu sebesar 4,84 cm dan 17,18 m. Kerapatan pohon berdiameter lebih besar dari 20 cm di lokasi penelitian, yaitu sebesar 98,65 individu per hektar. Jenis balam berasosiasi dengan akar kuning paling erat (indeks asosiasi 0,43), kemudian diikuti oleh jelutung (0,31), keruing, dan terentang masing-masing sebesar 0,21. Tegakan yang mendominasi pada lokasi penelitian dengan INP di atas 15% dalam habitat akar kuning untuk tingkat pohon, yaitu keruing (Dipterocarpus costulasus V.sl.), meranti (Shorea parvifolia Dyer), balam (Palaquium hexandrum Engl.), terentang (Campnosperma auriculata Hook.f.), dan jelutung (Dyera costulata Hook.f.).
Penampilan dan Produktivitas Padi Hibrida Sl-8-SHS di Kabupaten Pinrang Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Imran Ali , Suriany NFN
Published: February 2017

Study of SL-8-SHS hybrid rice was conducted in Watang Sawitto District, Pinrang Regency, to evaluate its performance and productivity in Wet Season (WS) 2007 June-November. This was planted on 2 ha of irrigated Riceland. Eighteen day old seedlings of SL-8-SHS and Ciherang variety (as control) was planted at a distance of 25 x 25 cm with two plants per hill. Fertilizers used were 300 kg/ha Urea which was applied at 10, 25, and 45 days after planting (dap) and 125 kg/ha SP36 applied at 10 day. Integrated pest management was applied to control pests and disease. Weeds were controlled manually as well as by managing irrigation water. Both hybrid and inbred variety showed good performance. However yield of hybrid rice was 8,5 t/ha which 39% higher than the inbred variety whose yield was 6, 1 t/ha.

 

Abstrak

Kajian padi hibrida varietas SL-8-SHS di Kecamatan Watang Sawitto, Kabupaten Pinrang, Sulawesi Selatan, bertujuan untuk mengetahui penampilan dan produktivitas. Pengkajian dilaksanakan pada Juni-November 2007 pada lahan sawah irigasi seluas 2 ha. Benih padi yang digunakan adalah hibrida varietas SL-8-SHS dan sebagai pembanding digunakan padi inbrida varietas Ciherang. Tanam pindah dilaksanakan setelah tanah diolah sempurna dengan umur bibit 18 hari setelah semai, jarak tanam 25 cm x 25 cm, dua tanaman per rumpun. Tanaman diberi pupuk urea 300 kg + SP36 125 kg/ha. Pemberian urea dilakukan tiga tahap, yaitu pada umur 10, 25, dan 45 hari setelah tanam (HST). Pupuk SP36 diberikan satu kali pada saat tanaman berumur 10 HST. Pengendalian hama dan penyakit dilakukan berdasarkan pinsip pengelolaan hama terpadu (PHT). Gulma dikendalikan dengan cara manual dan genangan air diatur sedemikian rupa selama pertumbuhan tanaman. Tanaman padi hibrida menampilkan pertumbuhan yang baik dan memberikan produktivitas 8,5 t/ha gabah kering giling (gkg) atau 39% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hasil padi inbrida varietas Ciherang
Identifikasi Sumber Ketahanan Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai untuk Ulat Grayak Spodoptera litura F.
Authors: Suharsono Suharsono , Adie M. Muchlish
Published: February 2017

The important
aspect of development of resistant plant to insect pest is source
of resistance. Study the resistance of 14 advance soybean
breeding lines to common cutworm Spodoptera litura F. was
conducted at the Laboratory of Crop Protection, Indonesian
Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI)
Malang in February-September, 2006. Leaf damage and larval
development on resistant genotypes was recorded to measure
the level of resistance. It was found that the susceptibility of
soybeans to the common cutworm significantly varied among
the breeding lines. The leaf damage of IAC-100, IAC 80-596-
2, and W/80-2-4-20 from larval feeding were 17.67, 18.52, and
23.70% respectively lower than Wilis variety with 35.57% of
leaf damage. These breeding lines consistently possess same
level of resistance to S. litura. In addition, the resistant
breeding lines affect on biological aspects i.e. prolonged
duration of larval stage, reduced larval and pupae gain weight,
and cause significant larval mortality compared with Wilis
variety. The study suggested that IAC-100, IAC 80-596-2, and
W/80-2-4-20 could be used as a source of resistance for S.
litura in breeding program.
Aplikasi Teknik Rekayasa Genetik dalam Perbaikan Sumber Daya Genetik Tanaman untuk Ketahanan Cekaman Biotik
Authors: Herman M.
Published: February 2017

The main constraint encountered in the
utilization of plant genetic resources (PGR) in agriculture are
biotic stresses such as insect pests, plant diseases, and plant
parasitic nematodes. The application of genetic engineering
techniques create a great opportunity for crops improvements
particularly for insect and plant diseases resistance. Through
genetic engineering, genetically engineered (GE) crops have
been developed, of which having the new traits such as resistance
to insect pests, plant diseases, and herbicide tolerance.
GE crops are already widely grown and marketed in many
countries. Globally, GE crops that are commercialized consists
of four categories of traits, which are insect resistance (IR),
herbicide tolerance, (HT), the combined traits of IR and HT
(stacked genes), and virus resistance. Initially, GE crops had
been commercialized globally covering 1.7 million ha in 1996,
and the cropping area increased rapidly to reach about 134
million ha in 2009. Indonesia is known as a country rich in
PGR, that have very high value. One of environmentally
friendly technologies that can be applied in the utilization of
PGR in Indonesia, is genetic engineering. In Indonesia,
research on plant genetic engineering had started since 1997.
Commodities that are being researched to develop GE plants
limited on rice, potatoes and tomatoes. GE rice resistant to
stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), GE potato resistant to
late blight (Phytophthora infestans), and GE tomato resistant
to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and cucumber
mosaic virus (CMV) have been successfully developed by
Research Center for Biotechnology of Indonesian Institute of
Science and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology
and Genetic Resources Research and Development
(ICABIOGRAD). Those GE crops have been tested for their
resistance at the screenhouses, green houses of the biosafety
containment, and confined field trial.
Perbanyakan Bibit Stek Umbi dan Uji Adaptabilitas Plasma Nutfah Garut (Marantha arundinaceae L.)
Authors: Sutoro NFN , Hadiatmi NFN
Published: February 2017

Multiplication of Propagated Tuber and Adaptability Test of Arrowroot Germplasm. Increasing arrowroot production needs technology production and variety suitable to the plant environment. Production constraints for arrowroot are seedling (stolon and tuber) limitation of cultivars adapted to the production area. Experiment had been carried out by using two factors (seedling source and variety) planted under randomized complete block design, three replications to study their germination capability. Three parts of seedlings source (tip, middle and basal part of tuber, 2 buds each) as first factor, and 10 varieties as second factor. Effect of seedling (stolon and tuber) of arrowroot and variety (10 accessions) were tested to study their adaptability had been done in 3 locations (Bogor, Cianjur and Serang). Seedling were planted at 50 cm x 40 cm, one row for each treatment. Tip-part and base-part of tuber showed better germination than middle-part of arrowroot tuber. There were effect of genotypic and environment interaction to tuber and starch yield. Accession No. 27 (Tasikmalaya), No. 28 (Gunung Kidul), No. 29 (Garut), No. 58 (Karawang), No. 387 (Banjarnegara), No. 403 (Banyumas), No. 478 (Brebes), dan No. 625 (Cilacap) could be categorized as stabil, while No. 626 (Cilacap) was more responsive while No. 627 (Malang) less responsive to environment changes.

 

Abstrak

Peningkatan produksi garut memerlukan teknik budi daya dan varietas yang sesuai dengan lingkungan tumbuh tanaman. Salah satu kendala dalam peningkatan produksi garut adalah sulitnya mendapatkan bibit dalam jumlah relatif banyak dan terbatasnya varietas yang cocok di daerah pengembangan. Percobaan telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan perlakuan dua faktor, dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah stek umbi dengan dua mata tunas pada bagian ujung, tengah, dan pangkal. Faktor kedua adalah 10 aksesi garut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui adaptabilitas 10 aksesi plasma nutfah garut, dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi, yaitu di Bogor, Pacet, dan Serang. Bibit ditanam dengan jarak 60 cm x 40 cm, satu baris tanaman tiap perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa persentase stek umbi yang tumbuh pada bahan pangkal dan ujung lebih tinggi daripada stek umbi bagian tengah. Aksesi No. 27 (Tasikmalaya), No. 28 (Gunung Kidul), No. 29 (Garut), No. 58 (Karawang), No. 387 (Banjarnegara), No. 403 (Banyumas), No. 478 (Brebes), dan No. 625 (Cilacap) dapat dikategorikan stabil, sedangkan aksesi No. 626 (Cilacap) lebih responsif, dan aksesi No. 627 (Malang) kurang responsif terhadap perubahan lingkungan.
Penampilan Fenotipik Karakter Hasil Galur Harapan Padi Rawa di Lahan Pasang Surut Karang Agung, Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Hermanasari Rini , Supartopo NFN , Kustianto B.
Published: February 2017

Phenotypic Performance of Yield and Yield Component of Rice Promising Lines at Tidal Swamp Area in Karang Agung, South Sumatra. An experiment was conducted in Karang Agung, in April until September 2007. The experiment aimed at evaluating phenotypic performance of yield and yield components of promising lines in tidal swamp rice field. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 16 treatments and four replications. The promising lines tested were B9858-KA-55, B9833C-KA-14, B9852E-KA-66, B5524G-SM-61-2-1, B7003D-MR-24-3-1, KAL9414F-MR-2-KN-0, KAL9418F-MR-2-KN-0, B10214FTB- 7-2-3, IR70213-9-CPA-12-UBN-2-1-3-1, IR70215-2- CPA-2-1-B-1-2. The check varieties used were IR42, Batanghari and Lembu Sawah. The results of this experiment showed that IR61242-3B-B-2 had better performance among varieties and promising lines tested, as well as giving the highest yield potential. Meanwhile, the line B10214F-TB-7-2- 3 had better performance of number of filled grain, and 1.000 grain weight. It also showed higher yield potential compared to IR42 and Batanghari. The line KAL9418F-MR-2-KN-0 had better performance of plant height, 1.000 weight grain and harvest age, but showed lower yield potential compared to those other check varieties.

 

Abstrak

Percobaan dilaksanakan di KP Karang Agung, Sumatera Selatan pada bulan April sampai September 2007. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang penampilan fenotipik karakter hasil dan komponen hasil dari galur-galur harapan padi rawa di lahan pasang surut Karang Agung. Percobaan ditata dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 16 perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Galur-galur yang diuji di antaranya B9858-KA-55, B9833C-KA-14, B9852E-KA-66, B5524GSM- 61-2-1, B7003D-MR-24-3-1, KAL9414F-MR-2-KN-0, KAL9418F-MR-2-KN-0, B10214F-TB-7-2-3, IR70213-9- CPA-12-UBN-2-1-3-1, dan IR70215-2-CPA-2-1-B-1-2. Varietas pembanding digunakan IR42, Batanghari, dan Lembu Sawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur IR61242- 3B-B-2 memiliki penampilan lebih baik dari varietas pembanding untuk karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah gabah isi, bobot 1.000 butir gabah, dan potensi hasil. Galur B10214F-TB-7-2-3 memberikan penampilan lebih baik untuk karakter jumlah gabah isi, bobot 1.000 butir, dan potensi hasil lebih tinggi daripada pembanding IR42 dan Batanghari. Galur KAL9418F-MR- 2-KN-0 memiliki penampilan lebih baik untuk karakter bobot 1.000 butir, tinggi tanaman, dan umur panen, tetapi potensi hasilnya lebih rendah dari ketiga varietas pembanding.
Potensi Agen Hayati dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Phytium sp. secara In Vitro
Authors: Octriana Liza
Published: February 2017

The Potential of Biological Agents to Inhibit Growth of Phytium sp. In Vitro. The study aimed at testing the potential of some antagonistic fungi isolated from durian seedlings media to inhibit growth of Phytium sp. Research was done at the Central Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Research Solok in July-September 2009 by using a complete randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Tests was conducted by dual culture method on PDA. The results showed that Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp.a, Trichoderma sp.b, Aspergilus sp., and Penicillium sp. can inhibit growth of Phytium sp., with growth inhibition of 50, 49.5, 47, 48, and 38.3% respectively. Inhibition mecanism of Gliocladium sp., and Trichoderma sp. were competition, antibiosis, lisis, and parasitism, while Penicillium sp. was antibiosis. Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp.a, Trichoderma sp.b, Aspergilus sp., and Penicillium sp. can be used as biological agents to control pathogenic fungi Phytium sp.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji potensi beberapa cendawan antagonis hasil isolasi dari media pembibitan durian dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Phytium sp. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok pada bulan Juli-September 2010. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Pengujian daya antagonis cendawan dilakukan dengan metode dual culture yang diinokulasikan pada media PDA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp.a, Trichoderma sp.b., Aspergilus sp., dan Penicillium sp. dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Phytium sp. secara in vitro, dengan daya hambat masing-masing 50; 49,5; 47; 48; dan 38,3% secara berurutan. Mekanisme antagonis Gliocladium sp. dan Trichoderma sp. adalah kompetisi, antibiosis, lisis, dan parasitisme, sedangkan Penicillium sp. hanya bersifat antibiosis. Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp., Aspergilus sp., dan Penicillium sp. dapat digunakan sebagai agen hayati untuk mengendalikan cendawan patogen Phytium sp.
Perakitan Varietas Salak Sari Intan 48
Authors: Hadiati Sri , Susiloadi Agus , Budiyanti Tri
Published: February 2017

Salacca Varietal Development of Sari Intan 48. Sri Hadiati, Agus Susiloadi, and Tri Budiyanti. The availability of new superior salacca varieties, which fulfills consumer’s preference, will increase fruit consumption and farmer’s income as well. Generally, consumers prefer salacca fruit which has the following characteristics: sweet taste, thick flesh and spineless peel. Crossing method is hoped to meet demand. This study aimed to obtain a new superior salacca variety through crossing within salacca varieties which were ready to release. The study was conducted in Solok district of West Sumatera Province and Tanjung Pinang district of Riau province and started from year 2002 to 2008. The method used in this research was crossing between Gula Pasir x Pondoh salacca, then their seeds were germinated at Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute, located in Solok. The seedlings were then planted in Tanjung Pinang. Selection and evaluation activities were done over two years. The results showed that compared with Pondoh, Gula Pasir, and Bali varieties, the salacca of Sari Intan 48 had the following superior characters : thick flesh (0.5-1.8 cm), sweet taste (TSS: 19-20.8° Brix), no sour taste and non astringent, high vitamin C content(58.65 mg/100 g), and strong aroma.

 

Abstrak

Tersedianya varietas unggul baru salak yang sesuai dengan selera konsumen dapat meningkatkan konsumsi buah dan pendapatan petani. Konsumen buah salak umumnya menyukai buah salak yang manis, berdaging tebal, dan sisik buah tidak berduri. Ideotipe ini dapat diperoleh antara lain melalui persilangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul baru salak hasil persilangan antara beberapa varietas salak yang siap untuk dilepas. Penelitian dilakukan di Solok dan Tanjung Pinang, mulai tahun 2002-2008. Metode yang digunakan adalah persilangan antara salak Bali Gula Pasir x salak Pondoh, kemudian biji dipanen dan dikecambahkan di Balitbu Tropika sampai siap tanam ke lapang. Bibit ditanam di Tanjung Pinang dan selanjutnya diseleksi serta dievaluasi produktivitasnya selama dua tahun berturut-turut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salak Sari Intan 48 mempunyai beberapa keunggulan, antara lain daging buah tebal (0,5-1,8 cm), rasa manis (TSS : 19-20,8° Brix), tidak ada rasa asam dan sepet, kandungan vitamin C tinggi (58,65 mg/100 g), dan beraroma sangat harum dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding (salak Pondoh, Gula Pasir, dan salak Bali).
Potensi Jenis Dipterocarpus retusus Blume di Kawasan Hutan Situ Gunung Sukabumi
Authors: Kalima Titi , Wardani Marfu'ah
Published: February 2017

Potential of Dipterocarpus retusus Blume Species in Situ Gunung Forest, Sukabumi. Titi Kalima and Marfu'ah Wardani. Analysis of the potential of Dipterocarpus retusus Blume species in Situ Gunung forest, Sukabumi, West Java, carried out in 2010 in a village location Kadudampit, Kadudampit districts, with the goal of uncovering potential and habitat conditions D. retusus in Situ Gunung forest. Data collection using the Systematic Sampling Strip with units such examples observation of 50 m x 20 m. The results showed that D. retusus recorded five induvidu stems of tree, the saplings (four individu) and seedlings (11 individu) at an altitude of 864-865 m above sea level, slope of 45%, and the soil pH from 6.0 to 6.9. The potential of D. retusus diameter rods >10 cm are 50 stems per ha with 35,061 volume m3/ha. The level distribution D. retusus low, grow clustered and sparse. Abundance values for trees 2.50 stems/ha, 2.00 stems/ha for sapling and 2.20 seedling/ha.

 

Abstrak

Analisis potensi jenis Dipterocarpus retusus Blume di kawasan hutan Situ Gunung, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat dilakukan pada tahun 2010 di lokasi Desa Kadudampit, Kecamatan Kadudampit, dengan tujuan mengungkap potensi dan kondisi habitat D. retusus di kawasan hutan Situ Gunung. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode Systematic Strip Sampling dengan unit contoh berupa jalur pengamatan 50 m dan lebar 20 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa D. retusus tercatat lima induvidu batang tingkat pohon, tingkat pancang empat batang, dan semai diperoleh 11 batang pada ketinggian 864- 865 m dpl, kemiringan 45%, dan pada pH tanah 6,0-6,9. Potensi D. retusus berdiameter batang >10 cm adalah 50 batang/ha dengan volume pohon sebesar 35,061 m3/ha. Tingkat persebaran D. retusus rendah, tumbuh mengelompok dan jarang. Nilai kelimpahan untuk pohon 2,50 batang/ha, pancang 2,00 batang/ha, dan semai 2,20 batang/ha.

 
Sebaran dan Potensi Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) di Pulau Siberut, Sumatera Barat
Authors: Heriyanto N. M. , Bismark M.
Published: February 2017

Distribution and Potency of Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) on the Island of Siberut, West Sumatra. Nur. M. Heriyanto and M. Bismark. Distribution and potency of Dipterocarpus spp. (keruing) were studied in Siberut Biosphere Reserve area, covering Sot Boyak and Bekemen forest village, Siberut National Park, West Sumatra. Six research plots of 50 m x 50 m (0.25 ha) were laid down. The results showed that Dipterocarpus spp. density at the tree level were 31 trees/ha at Sot Boyak and 38 trees/ha at Bekemen forest village with important value index of 63.83% and 77.54% respectively. The strongest association of other trees to Dipterocarpus spp. were Hopea dryobalanoides Miq., Baccaurea bracteata Muell. Arg. and Endospermum diadenum Miq. as reflected respectively by 0.69, 0.67 and 0.56 of Ochiai index. Dipterocarpus spp. were commonly located on the slopes and ridges. The best grouping was on 50-59% Slopes. Slope relationship with the population distribution of Dipterocarpus spp. showed by the equation of Y = 5.83 ln (x) + 3.44 with R2 = 0.90. Regeneration of Dipterocarpus spp. in natural forest is highly dependent on the recruitment population. Saplings recruitment population was 556 individuals/ha, and seedling was 3,434 individual/ha.

 

Abstrak

Sebaran dan potensi Dipterocarpus spp. (keruing) diteliti di kawasan Cagar Biosfer Siberut yang meliputi hutan Desa Sot Boyak dan Bekemen, Taman Nasional Siberut, Sumatera Barat. Contoh plot penelitian dibuat dengan ukuran 50 m x 50 m (0,25 ha) dengan enam ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kerapatan Dipterocarpus spp. tingkat pohon di hutan Desa Sot Boyak 31 pohon/ha dan Bekemen 38 pohon/ha dengan indeks nilai penting masing-masing 63,8% dan 77,5%. Asosiasi terkuat dengan pohon lain terhadap keberadaan Dipterocarpus spp. adalah Hopea dryobalanoides Miq. indeks Ochiai 0,69, jenis Baccaurea bracteata Muell. Arg. (indeks Ochiai 0,67) dan Endospermum diadenum Miq. (indeks Ochiai 0,56). Habitat Dipterocarpus spp. berada di lereng dan punggung bukit, pengelompokannya terbaik pada kelerengan 50– 59%. Hubungan kemiringan lahan dengan sebaran populasi Dipterocarpus spp. mengikuti persamaan Y = 5,83l n(x) + 3,44 dengan R2 = 0,90. Regenerasi Dipterocarpus spp. di hutan alam sangat bergantung pada populasi anakan. Populasi anakan untuk tingkat belta sebesar di 556 individu/ha, tingkat semai 3.434 individu/ha.
Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Koleksi Sumberdaya Genetik Durian Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi Buah
Authors: Hadiati Sri , Nasution Fitriana , Nasution Fitriana
Published: February 2017

Plasma nutfah merupakan bahan dasar yang sangat penting untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul baru. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengarakter dan mengevaluasi koleksi plasma nutfah durian berdasarkan karakter morfologi buah. Penelitian dilakukan di KP. Aripan dan KP. Subang Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika mulai bulan Januari 2011 sampai Desember 2012. Karakterisasi buah dilakukan terhadap 38 aksesi durian yang berumur 20 – 26 tahun. Sebanyak 5 – 10 buah dikarakter tiap  aksesi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi yang diuji mempunyai karakter buah yang beragam dalam  ukuran , bentuk,  warna, maupun kualitasnya. Sunan mempunyai  karakter unggul terbanyak yaitu  daging buah tebal, panjang duri sedang, biji kecil, persentase biji kempes > 25%, dan rasa sangat manis.  Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pertimbangan dalam pemilihan  varietas unggul atau tetua durian yang tepat dalam program perakitan varietas unggul baru.
Pengujian beberapa galur harapan padi hibrida pada lahan sawah di Kabupaten Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Krismawati Amik , Sugiono Sugiono , Sugiono Sugiono
Published: February 2017

Potensi pengembangan padi hibrida di Provinsi Jawa Timur cukup bagus dan sangat prospektif dan ini dapat terlihat bahwa Provinsi Jawa Timur telah menyumbang pasokan beras nasional sebesar 17% dari kebutuhan. Berdasarkan atas fakta ini maka pengujian varietas padi hibrida perlu dilanjutkan dalam rangka meningkatkan kontribusi padi di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi nasional, khususnya bagi Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Kepuharjo, Kecamatan Karangploso, Kabupaten Malang selama bulan Maret sampai dengan Juli 2011 di lahan sawah pada Musim Kemarau I (MK I). Ketinggian tempat 460 meter di atas permukaan laut. Padi hibrida yang diuji  terdiri atas 10 galur hibrida dan 4 varietas padi hibrida sebagai pembanding. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah  Rancangan Acak Kelompok  (RAK) dengan empat ulangan. Ukuran petak  4,0 m x 5,0 m,jarak tanam 20 cm x 20 cm, umur bibit 21 Hari Setelah Sebar (HSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur yang superior  GMJ7/BH95e-Mr-15-6-2-3 dan A3/BH25d-MR-2-2-3-B galur inferior, masing  - masing mempunyai hasil tertinggi dan terendah sebesar  5,13dan 2,63 ton Gabah Kering Panen (GKP)/ha. 
Pendugaan Fungsi Keuntungan dan Skala Usaha pada Usahatani Kopi Rakyat di Lampung
Authors: Santoso Budi
Published: February 2017

Abstrak

Kopi adalah salah satu komoditi penghasil devisa utama dari sub-sektor perkebunan yang sebagian besar (94%) diusahakan oleh rakyat. Tulisan ini mencoba menelaah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keuntungan usahatani kopi rakyat, tercapai tidaknya  keuntungan  maksimum  dan  keadaan skala usaha. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lampung untuk musim kopi 1984/1985. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa luas kebun kopi, jumlah pohon kopi dan umur pohon kopi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap keuntungan usahatani kopi rakyat. Keadaan skala usaha adalah pada kondisi "constant return to scale" dengan luas usaha rata-rata  1,02 ha. Usahatani  kopi rakyat di daerah penelitian  belum memberikan tingkat keuntungan yang maksimum kepada petani pengelolanya.
Penggabungan Data Penampang Lintang dan Deret Waktu dalam Model Regresi
Authors: Sudaryanto Tahlim
Published: February 2017

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan data penampang lintang dalam penelitian-penelitian di Indonesia tampaknya lebih dominan dibanding penggunaan data deret waktu. Hal ini sebagai akibat dari terbatasnya dokumentasi data deret waktu. Dalam keadaan tersebut, penggabungan data penampang lintang dan data deret waktu dalam model regresi merupakan satu strategy alternatif. Tulisan ini mengemukakan alternatif spesifikasi model yang secara eksplisit membedakan variasi data antar individu dan antar waktu dalam data gabungan. Prosedur pendugaan dan contoh penggunaannya disajikan untuk model yang membedakan intersep antar individu.
Keefektifan Biofungisida Trichoderma sp. dengan Tiga Jenis Bahan Pembawa terhadap Jamur Akar Putih Rigidoporus microporus
Authors: Amaria Widi , Soesanthy Funny , Ferry Yulius
Published: February 2017

The effectiveness of Trichoderma sp as biocontrol for white root disease is determined by the environment, thus it is best applied as biofungicide. The application of Trichoderma sp. with suitable carrier is expected to suppress pathogen (Rigidoporus microporus) in rubber seedlings. The objective of the research was to study the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. biofungicide with three types of carriers in controlling white root disease in rubber seedlings. The research was conducted in Plant Protection Laboratory and screen house of Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from July to December 2013. The experiment used a factorial design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is 4 types of Trichoderma, namely Trichoderma virens, T. hamatum, T. amazonicum, dan T. atroviride whereas the second factor is the three types of carrier, namely molasses, compost, and talc. The biofungicide were made of four species of Trichoderma and the three carriers thus resulting in 12 biofungicides. The spora population of Trichoderma sp. was 108 spores/ml from which then 100 ml or gram applied on each plant.  Rubber seedlings used were of AVROS 2037 clones, 3 months old clone-grafted seedlings grown in polybag. Observations were on the incubation stage, the intensity of the white root disease attack, the disease suppression, and the population of Trichoderma sp. in soil. The results showed no interactions between types of Trichoderma with types of carrier. The four Trichoderma species studied had similar suppressing effectivity on white root disease in rubber seedlings.  Talc, compost, and molasses increased the Trichoderma sp.  growth but talc was shown had the highest effectivity in suppressing the disease. 
Experimental Design as Uncertainty Management: A Case Study
Authors: Al-Khalifa Mohammad A
Published: February 2017

Uncertainty assessment is a crucial step in any 3D geological modeling study, due to the fact that uncertainty exists in all input variables used to build the 3D geological model and due to its subsequent impact on the final in-pace hydrocarbon estimate. Experimental Design (ED) is well-suited to determine the main uncertain parameters, to evaluate the uncertainty impact on production forecasts, and to help accelerate decision making in reservoir development planning. The ED can be used in 3D modeling to minimize the number of model scenarios that are necessary to estimate hydrocarbon in place and predicate reservoir performance profile.

This paper describes in details the major steps of experiment design and propose an optimal procedure to conduct ED study. Topics covered includes how to defining key input variables, the different methods for selecting input distribution shape. Also, this paper covers the dependency between input parameters, ranking methods and results presentation. These concepts are applied on a clastic reservoir to illustrate the benefits of using the ED. Several cases are built using different input data with different distribution shape and dependencies. The results showed that the use of ED captured the potential uncertainty range while reducing the number of models realization needed. The approach is, also, very valuable in assessing the uncertainty of various inputs and their impact on the hydrocarbon in-place volumes.
Geosteering Strategy for Enhancement Horizontal Well Placement in Tight Carbonate Formations
Authors: Guizada Pablo , Saikia Kausik , Ahmad Azly Abdul Aziz , Eperjesi Bela
Published: February 2017

Developing heterogeneous and tight carbonate formations in mature fields requires novel techniques for drilling new wells to improve well productivity. A geosteering method has been implemented in drilling long horizontal wells in the carbonate reservoir to overcome the heterogeneity challenges by targeting the most productive layers or intervals. The key objective of geosteering is to place the well more accurately to maximize the net reservoir contact to increase the well productivity.

Multidisciplinary inputs and techniques take key role in defining the pre-drill geosteering methodology. These include seismic attributes which could be correlated with better spatial porosity distribution, geo-mechanical study and understanding the area to drill the horizontal section in optimum direction, understanding of depositional environment and facies distribution, and process of diagenesis and static as well as dynamic models. Regarding execution, the main steps start with landing the well into the target layer via real-time correlation with offset wells, ascertain the density-to-porosity relationship at target layer, and then geosteer the hole-section along the desired reservoir interval to get optimum reservoir contact.

Summarized in this work is the different challenges that are faced when drilling laterals in a heterogeneous and tight carbonate formation. Even with a pilot well, there still exist challenges in landing horizontal wells due to lateral local variation in the structure, formation dip, and reservoir quality. These heterogeneities and uncertainties can cause shorter horizontal section or less reservoir contact, dog leg problems, missing production intervals thereby risking production target resulting in costly side track to recover the loss. With the geosteering methods implemented, these issues have been significantly reduced.
Pressure Transient Analysis of Shale Gas Wells With Non-Uniform Fractures
Authors: Du Juan , Pang Wei , Lei Jun , Zhang Tongyi , Ehlig-Economides Christine A.
Published: February 2017

Uniform fractures with equal half-length and fracture spacing are commonly assumed when conducting pressure transient analysis and production performance estimation for shale gas wells. However, production loggings and microseismic in many shale gas wells illustrate that only about one third to one half of hydraulic fractures produces. Meanwhile, the productive fractures usually contribute quite differently to the production rate. Therefore, modeling and analyzing of non-uniform fractures properties like fracture type, half-length and fracture spacing are of great importance to understand hydraulic fractures' effect on dynamic flow regimes, pressure and production performance.

In this paper, one model with non-uniform fracture properties is used combing shale gas properties like desorption, pressure dependent permeability and fracture properties like un-even distance, un-even half-length. Type-curves of interpretation models with un-uniform facture and the ones with uniform fractures are compared. Rate normalized pressure (RNP) method is used to analyze non-uniform fractures' effect on shale gas wells' flow regimes and drainage volume.

Parametric analyses for five reservoir parameters and six well & fractures parameters are conducted. The reservoir parameters include reservoir permeability, porosity, pressure dependent permeability (PDP), desorption and Outer boundary area. The well and fracture parameters include clustered fracturing and evenly spaced fracturing with fixed total fracture half-length (TFH), fracture half-length, cluster spacing, cluster number per stage, stage number with fixed TFH, stage number with fixed fracture half-length.

Results show that a series of flow regimes including three linear flows and three pseudo-steady state flows can be diagnosed for shale gas wells with non-uniform fractures. Three pseudo-steady state flows correspond to flow within stage volume, flow within stage plus space between stages volume, and flow within SRV separately. However, the flow regimes reflecting stage volume is missed for shale gas wells with uniform fractures. Permeability determines when the three pseudo-steady state flows happens, but doesn't change the related three volumes. Desorption doesn't change the shape of the pressure and pressure derivative curve, and it only changes the apparent drainage volume. PDP impose severe effect on shale gas well's pressure drawdown and apparent drainage volumes. Increasing the modulus results in decrease of the apparent volume being drained especially when the modulus is larger than 0.01MPa-1. Evenly spaced fracturing has lower pressure derivative and pressure drawdown than non-uniform fracturing, which means it can yield more gas production for the same amount of injected propant and fluids. Fewer stages fractures with longer half-length have lower pressure derivative and pressure drawdown, and will reach SRV boundary earlier than more stages fractures.
Optimizing Well Potential – Technologies That Impact Hydraulic Fracturing Efficiency
Authors: Rahim Zillur , Al-Kanaan Adnan , Kayumov Rifat , Al-Jalal Ziad
Published: February 2017

Novel approaches in hydraulic fracturing treatments are needed in challenging high pressure high temperature tight gas-condensate reservoirs to achieve the objectives. The implemented technologies should not only provide substantial increment in well productivity, but also needs to be economically attractive and provide superior efficiency in terms of materials, services and time required. In the recent years many technologies were implemented in Saudi Arabia that aims to improve hydraulic fracturing efficiency and this paper focuses on the case studies and lessons learned from their implementation. Sequenced fracture diverters allow to pump multiple proppant or acid fracturing treatments in a single pumping operation, saving the cost of completion and time of wellsite operation. Channel fracturing technology mitigated the risk of screenout in proppant fracturing and enabled placing fractures with nearly infinite conductivity by pumping twice less proppant. Advances in completion technologies enabled drilling horizontal wells and completing them with multistage stimulation completions where multiple hydraulic fracturing stages can be pumped without need for any well intervention operations between the stages. Implementation of swellable packers further improves this process by providing more reliable isolation between stages. Nano-filtration combined with selection of proper additives allows usage of sea-water for the fracturing operations in the desert area where consumption of fresh water needs to be minimized. Usage of foamed fluids for fracturing operations in depleted gas reservoirs helped to minimize volume of pumped water and significantly facilitate in flowback operations, often makes possible to perform them without need for costly and time consuming coil tubing operations.
Feasibility Evaluation of Using Downhole Gas-Water Separation Technology in Gas Reservoirs with Bottom Water
Authors: Radwan M. F.
Published: February 2017

Many gas reservoirs are water driven. Water supplies an extra mechanism to produce the gas reservoir, but it can create production problems in the wellbore. These water production problems are more critical in low productivity gas wells.Water loads up the gas well, when a lot of gas remains in the reservoir.

Conventional technologies of gas well dewatering remove water from inside the wellbore without controlling water at its source.

Downhole gas-water Separation (DGWS)technolgy was developed. It separates gas from produced water inside the wellbore and injects the produced water into the disposal zone. Two types of separators have been used hydrocyclone and gravity separators.

The aim of this work is to evaluate the using of DGWS for gas wells comparing simulated performance of a conventional well. The simulation runs were made over a various range of the initial reservoir pressure and permeability values for a gas reservoir with bottom water drive.

The results show considerable incremental recovery of a DGWS over conventional - a 3.3 - fold recovery increase for reservoir with 1500 psia pressure and permeability 1 md. The study also identified the challenges during DGWS applications.

A good candidate well for DWGS installation must have a high-quality disposal zone with sustainable permeability with good vertical and mechanical isolation between the production and injection formations.

Finally, downhole gas-water separation technology has a great potential in gas well dewatering and reservoir development especially in low pressure-low permeability gas reservoirs.