bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of GSK3B Bypass Drug Resistance of p53-Null Colon Carcinomas by Enabling Necroptosis in Response to Chemotherapy
Authors: Grassilli Emanuela , Narloch Robert , Federzoni Elena , Ianzano Leonarda , Pisano Fabio , Giovannoni Roberto , Romano Gabriele , Masiero Laura , Leone Biagio Eugenio , Bonin Serena , Donada Marisa , Stanta Giorgio , Helin Kristian , Lavitrano Marialuisa
Published: June 2013

Purpose: Evasion from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis due to p53 loss strongly contributes to drug resistance. Identification of specific targets for the treatment of drug-resistant p53-null tumors would therefore increase the effectiveness of cancer therapy.

Experimental Design: By using a kinase-directed short hairpin RNA library and HCT116p53KO drug-resistant colon carcinoma cells, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) was identified as a target whose silencing bypasses drug resistance due to loss of p53. p53-null colon cancer cell lines with different sets of mutations were used to validate the role of GSK3B in sustaining resistance and to characterize cell death mechanisms triggered by chemotherapy when GSK3B is silenced. In vivo xenograft studies were conducted to confirm resensitization of drug-resistant cells to chemotherapy upon GSK3 inhibition. Colon cancer samples from a cohort of 50 chemotherapy-treated stage II patients were analyzed for active GSK3B expression.

Results: Downregulation of GSK3B in various drug-resistant p53-null colon cancer cell lines abolished cell viability and colony growth after drug addition without affecting cell proliferation or cell cycle in untreated cells. Cell death of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)–treated p53-null GSK3B-silenced colon carcinoma cells occurred via PARP1-dependent and AIF-mediated but RIP1-independent necroptosis. In vivo studies showed that drug-resistant xenograft tumor mass was significantly reduced only when 5FU was given after GSK3B inhibition. Tissue microarray analysis of colon carcinoma samples from 5FU-treated patients revealed that GSK3B is significantly more activated in drug-resistant versus responsive patients.

Conclusions: Targeting GSK3B, in combination with chemotherapy, may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 3820–31. ©2013 AACR.
Spinophilin Loss Correlates with Poor Patient Prognosis in Advanced Stages of Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Estevez-Garcia Purificacion , Lopez-Calderero Iker , Molina-Pinelo Sonia , Muñoz-Galvan Sandra , Salinas Ana , Gomez-Izquierdo Lourdes , Lucena-Cacace Antonio , Felipe-Abrio Blanca , Paz-Ares Luis , Garcia-Carbonero Rocio , Carnero Amancio
Published: June 2013

Purpose: The genomic region 17q21 is frequently associated with microsatellite instability and LOH in cancer, including gastric and colorectal carcinomas. This region contains several putative tumor suppressor genes, including Brca1, NM23, prohibitin, and spinophilin (Spn, PPP1R9B, neurabin II). The scaffold protein Spn is one of the regulatory subunits of phosphatase-1 (PP1) that targets PP1 to distinct subcellular locations and couples PP1 to its target. Thus, Spn may alter cell-cycle progression via the regulation of the phosphorylation status of the retinoblastoma protein, a direct target of PP1. Therefore, we analyzed whether Spn levels were reduced in colorectal carcinomas and whether Spn levels correlated with prognosis or response to therapy.

Experimental Design: By means of immunohistochemistry or quantitative PCR, we studied the levels of Spn in stages II, III, and IV colorectal carcinoma tumors and correlated to other clinicopathologic features as well as prognosis or response to therapy.

Results: Spn was lost in a percentage of human gastric, small intestine, and colorectal carcinomas. In patients with colorectal carcinoma, tumoral Spn downregulation correlated with a more aggressive histologic phenotype (poorer tumor differentiation and higher proliferative Ki67 index). Consistent with this observation, lower Spn protein expression levels were associated with faster relapse and poorer survival in patients with stage III colorectal carcinoma, particularly among those receiving adjuvant fluoropyrimidine therapy. We validated this result in an independent cohort of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma treated with standard chemotherapy. Although patients that achieved an objective tumor response exhibited Spn levels similar to nontumoral tissue, nonresponding patients showed a significant reduction in Spn mRNA levels.

Conclusions: Our data suggest that Spn downregulation contributes to a more aggressive biologic behavior, induces chemoresistance, and is associated with a poorer survival in patients with advanced stages of colorectal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res; 19(14); 3925–35. ©2013 AACR.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response: Targeting the Achilles Heel of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Vincenz Lisa , Jäger Richard , O'Dwyer Michael , Samali Afshin
Published: June 2013

Multiple myeloma is characterized by the malignant proliferating antibody-producing plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite recent advances in therapy that improve the survival of patients, multiple myeloma remains incurable and therapy resistance is the major factor causing lethality. Clearly, more effective treatments are necessary. In recent years it has become apparent that, as highly secretory antibody-producing cells, multiple myeloma cells require an increased capacity to cope with unfolded proteins and are particularly sensitive to compounds targeting proteostasis such as proteasome inhibitors, which represent one of the most prominent new therapeutic strategies. Because of the increased requirement for dealing with secretory proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum, multiple myeloma cells are heavily reliant for survival on a set of signaling pathways, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Thus, directly targeting the UPR emerges as a new promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the UPR signaling in cancer, and outline its important role in myeloma pathogenesis and treatment. We discuss new therapeutic approaches based on targeting the protein quality control machinery and particularly the IRE1α/XBP1 axis of the UPR. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(6); 831–43. ©2013 AACR.
Therapeutic Potential of the Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Rucaparib for the Treatment of Sporadic Human Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ihnen Maike , zu Eulenburg Christine , Kolarova Teodora , Qi Jing Wei , Manivong Kanthinh , Chalukya Meenal , Dering Judy , Anderson Lee , Ginther Charles , Meuter Alexandra , Winterhoff Boris , Jones Siân , Velculescu Victor E. , Venkatesan Natarajan , Rong Hong-Mei , Dandekar Sugandha , Udar Nitin , Jänicke Fritz , Los Gerrit , Slamon Dennis J. , Konecny Gottfried E.
Published: June 2013

Here, we investigate the potential role of the PARP inhibitor rucaparib (CO-338, formerly known as AG014699 and PF-01367338) for the treatment of sporadic ovarian cancer. We studied the growth inhibitory effects of rucaparib in a panel of 39 ovarian cancer cell lines that were each characterized for mutation and methylation status of BRCA1/2, baseline gene expression signatures, copy number variations of selected genes, PTEN status, and sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. To study interactions with chemotherapy, we used multiple drug effect analyses and assessed apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and γH2AX formation. Concentration-dependent antiproliferative effects of rucaparib were seen in 26 of 39 (67%) cell lines and were not restricted to cell lines with BRCA1/2 mutations. Low expression of other genes involved in homologous repair (e.g., BCCIP, BRCC3, ATM, RAD51L1), amplification of AURKA or EMSY, and response to platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with sensitivity to rucaparib. Drug interactions with rucaparib were synergistic for topotecan, synergistic, or additive for carboplatin, doxorubicin or paclitaxel, and additive for gemcitabine. Synergy was most pronounced when rucaparib was combined with topotecan, which resulted in enhanced apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and γH2AX formation. Importantly, rucaparib potentiated chemotherapy independent of its activity as a single agent. PARP inhibition may be a useful therapeutic strategy for a wider range of ovarian cancers bearing deficiencies in the homologous recombination pathway other than just BRCA1/2 mutations. These results support further clinical evaluation of rucaparib either as a single agent or as an adjunct to chemotherapy for the treatment of sporadic ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(6); 1002–15. ©2013 AACR.
Cyclooxygenase-2, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, and Aromatase Signaling in Inflammation and Mesothelioma
Authors: Nuvoli Barbara , Galati Rossella
Published: June 2013

Malignant mesothelioma or mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that develops from transformed cells originating in the mesothelium, the protective lining that covers many of the internal organs of the body. It is directly linked to asbestos exposure, which acts as a carcinogen by initiating the carcinogenic process. Because of their shape, asbestos fibers can cross the membrane barriers inside the body and cause inflammatory and fibrotic reactions. Such reactions are believed to be the mechanism by which asbestos fibers may trigger malignant mesothelioma in the pleural membrane around the lungs. Carcinogens are known to modulate the transcription factors, antiapoptotic proteins, proapoptotic proteins, protein kinases, cell-cycle proteins, cell adhesion molecules, COX-2, and growth factor signaling pathways. This article reviews recent studies regarding some malignant mesothelioma molecular targets not only for cancer prevention but also for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(6); 844–52. ©2013 AACR.
Left Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Bos J. Martijn , Bos Katy M. , Johnson Jonathan N. , Moir Christopher , Ackerman Michael J.
Published: June 2013

Background—

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a potentially lethal but highly treatable cardiac channelopathy. Treatment options include pharmacotherapy, device therapy, and left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD). Here, we sought to determine the characteristics of LQTS patients who have had ≥1 LQTS-related breakthrough cardiac event (BCE) after LCSD.

Methods and Results—

We performed retrospective chart review for 52 consecutive patients (24 males; mean age at diagnosis, 10.0±10 years; mean QTc, 528±74 ms) with LQTS who underwent LCSD between 2005 and 2010 (mean age at LCSD, 14.1±10 years) and have been followed up for 3.6±1.3 years. A BCE was defined as either (1) an appropriate ventricular fibrillation-terminating implantable cardioverter defibrillator shock or (2) arrhythmogenic syncope, seizures, or aborted cardiac arrest after LCSD. Thirty-three patients (61%) had LCSD as primary prevention because of either high-risk assessment or β-blocker intolerance. So far, 12 of 52 (23%) patients (7 males) have experienced ≥1 BCE post LCSD. The clinical phenotype of patients with BCEs was significantly more severe than patients without a BCE. No BCEs were seen in patients undergoing LCSD for β-blocker intolerance (0/12 versus 17/40;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

Although a marked reduction in number of cardiac events is usually seen after LCSD, ≈50% of high-risk LQTS patients have experienced ≥1 post-LCSD breakthrough. Therefore, LCSD must not be viewed as curative or as an alternative in implantable cardioverter defibrillator for high-risk patients. Prophylactic LCSD may provide another option to counter a suboptimal quality of life resulting from medication-related side effects.
Successful Nonsurgical Treatment of Esophagopericardial Fistulas After Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation
Authors: Eitel Charlotte , Rolf Sascha , Zachäus Markus , John Silke , Sommer Philipp , Bollmann Andreas , Arya Arash , Piorkowski Christopher , Hindricks Gerhard , Halm Ulrich
Published: June 2013

Background—

Esophageal perforations are a rare but devastating complication of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. Rapid treatment is crucial to avoid permanent disabilities and death. Surgical treatment is considered the treatment of choice. Alternatively, single case reports describe successful esophageal stenting, but others discourage this approach because of fatal consequences.

Methods and Results—

We present 3 patients who developed esophagopericardial fistulas after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Diagnosis and management with pericardial drainage and esophageal stenting, as well as long-term follow-up are described. Esophagopericardial fistulas occurred 26, 9, and 18 days after the ablation procedure. Symptoms leading to admission were recurrence of atrial fibrillation (n=1), elective control endoscopy for thermal lesion (n=1), and pain with swallowing (n=1). Computed tomography revealed esophagopericardial fistulas with pericardial effusion in all patients, while contrast leakage and air in the left atrium could be excluded. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were initialized, and minimally invasive pericardial drainage and esophageal stenting were performed. Stent dislocation occurred in 2 patients and was resolved by repositioning and clipping of the proximal stent end. After 45, 22, and 28 days, respectively, fistulas appeared closed and stents were removed. During follow-up, no embolic or septic events occurred. However, 2 patients underwent dilation of symptomatic esophageal stenosis in the formerly stented region.

Conclusions—

An early minimally invasive approach consisting of pericardial drainage and esophageal stenting proved effective in treating patients with esophagopericardial fistulas. However, constant interdisciplinary communication and attention is needed to recognize and manage potential evolving complications promptly.
Plasma Vitamin C, but Not Vitamin E, Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Heart Failure in Older Men
Authors: Wannamethee Sasiwarang Goya , Bruckdorfer Karl Richard , Shaper Andrew Gerald , Papacosta Olia , Lennon Lucy , Whincup Peter H.
Published: June 2013

Background—

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). However, data on the association between antioxidant intakes and circulating levels and risk of incident HF in the older general population are limited. We have examined prospectively the associations between plasma vitamin C and E, dietary intakes of vitamin C and E, and incident HF.

Methods and Results—

Prospective study of 3919 men aged 60 to 79 years with no prevalent HF followed up for a mean period of 11 years, in whom there were 263 cases with incident HF. Higher plasma vitamin C level was associated with significantly lower risk of incident HF in both men with and without previous myocardial infarction after adjustment for lifestyle characteristics, diabetes mellitus, blood lipids, blood pressure, and heart rate (hazards ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.81 [0.70, 0.93] and 0.75 [0.59, 0.97] for 1 SD increase in log vitamin C, respectively). Plasma vitamin E and dietary vitamin C intake showed no association with HF. High levels of dietary vitamin E intake (which correlated weakly with plasma vitamin E) were associated with increased risk of HF in men with no previous myocardial infarction even after adjustment (adjusted hazards ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.23 [1.06, 1.42] for 1 SD increase).

Conclusions—

Higher plasma vitamin C is associated with a reduced risk of HF in older men with and without myocardial infarction. High intake of dietary vitamin E may be associated with increased HF risk. Primary intervention trials assessing the effect of vitamin C supplements on HF risk in the elderly are needed.
Real‐Time 3‐Dimensional Dynamics of Functional Mitral Regurgitation: A Prospective Quantitative and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Topilsky Yan , Vaturi Ori , Watanabe Nozomi , Bichara Valentina , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Michelena Hector , Le Tourneau Thierry , Mankad Sunil V. , Park Soon , Capps Mary Ann , Suri Rakesh , Pislaru Sorin V. , Maalouf Joseph , Yoshida Kiyoshi , Enriquez‐Sarano Maurice
Published: June 2013

Background

Three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D‐
TTE
) with dedicated software permits quantification of mitral annulus dynamics and papillary muscle motion throughout the cardiac cycle.

Methods and Results

Mitral apparatus 3D‐
TTE
was acquired in controls (n=42), patients with left ventricle dysfunction and functional mitral regurgitation (
LVD
‐
FMR
; n=43) or without
FMR
(
LVD
‐no
MR
, n=35). Annulus in both normal and
LVD
‐no
MR
subjects displayed saddle shape accentuation in early‐systole (ratio of height to intercommissural diameter, 10.6±3.7 to 13.5±4.0 in normal and 9.1±4.3 to 12.6±3.6 in
LVD
‐no
MR
;
P
<0.001 for diastole to early‐systole motion,
P
=
NS
between those groups). In contrast, saddle shape was unchanged from diastole in
FMR
patients (10.0±6.4 to 8.0±5.2;
P
=
NS
,
P
<0.05 compared to both other groups). Papillary tips moved symmetrically towards to the midanterior annulus in control and
LVD
‐no
MR
subjects, maintaining constant ratio of the distances between both tips to midannulus (Pt
AR
) throughout systole. In
LVD
‐
FMR
patients midsystolic posterior papillary tip to anterior annulus distance was increased, resulting in higher Pt
AR
(
P
=0.05 compared to both other groups). Mechanisms of early‐ and midsystolic
FMR
differed between different etiologies of
LV
dysfunction. In patients with anterior
MI
and global dysfunction annular function and dilatation were the dominant parameters, while papillary muscle motion was the predominant determinant of
FMR
in patients with inferior
MI
.

Conclusions

Inadequate early‐systolic annular contraction and saddle‐shape accentuation in patients with impaired
LV
contribute to early–mitral incompetency. Asymmetric papillary tip movement towards the midanterior annulus is a major determinant of mid‐ and late‐systolic functional mitral regurgitation.
Selective Inactivation of PTEN in Smooth Muscle Cells Synergizes With Hypoxia to Induce Severe Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Horita Henrick , Furgeson Seth B. , Ostriker Allison , Olszewski Kyle A. , Sullivan Timothy , Villegas Leah R. , Levine Michelle , Parr Jane E. , Cool Carlyne D. , Nemenoff Raphael A. , Weiser‐Evans Mary C. M.
Published: June 2013

Background

Pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (
PH
) is characterized by increased vascular smooth muscle cell (
SMC
) and adventitial fibroblast proliferation, small vessel occlusion, and inflammatory cell accumulation. The underlying molecular mechanisms driving progression remain poorly defined. We have focused on loss of the phosphatase
PTEN
in
SMC
s as a major driver of pathological vascular remodeling. Our goal was to define the role of
PTEN
in human
PH
and in hypoxia‐induced
PH
using a mouse model with inducible deletion of

PTEN

in
SMC
s.

Methods and Results

Staining of human biopsies demonstrated enhanced inactive
PTEN
selectively in the media from hypertensive patients compared to controls. Mice with induced deletion of

PTEN

in
SMC
s were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia for up to 4 weeks. Under normoxia,
SMC

PTEN

depletion was sufficient to induce features of
PH
similar to those observed in wild‐type mice exposed to chronic hypoxia. Under hypoxia,

PTEN

depletion promoted an irreversible progression of
PH
characterized by increased pressure, extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling, formation of complex vascular lesions, and increased macrophage accumulation associated with synergistic increases in proinflammatory cytokines and proliferation of both
SMC
s and non
SMC
s.

Conclusions

Chronic inactivation of

PTEN

selectively in
SMC
represents a critical mediator of
PH
progression, leading to cell autonomous events and increased production of factors correlated to proliferation and recruitment of adventitial and inflammatory cells, resulting in irreversible progression of the disease.
Semantics and OntologyAn Assessment of Medieval Terminism
Authors: de Rijk † L.M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract

This paper aims to assess medieval terminism, particularly supposition theory, in the development of Aristotelian thought in the Latin West. The focus is on what the present author considers the gist of Aristotle’s strategy of argument, to wit conceptual focalization and categorization. This argumentative strategy is more interesting as it can be compared to the modern tool known as ‘scope distinction’.
Avicenna’s Theory of Supposition
Authors: Bäck Allan
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Although he does not have an explicit theory of supposition as is found in the works of Latin medieval philosophers, Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā) has two doctrines giving something equivalent: the threefold distinction of quiddity (triplex status naturae), corresponding to a division of simple, personal and material supposition, and his analyses of truth conditions for categorical propositions, where sentential context determines in part the reference of their terms. While he does address which individuals are being referred to by the universal terms used there, Avicenna concentrates more on the varied temporal durations of the predications being made. In Western terms, he has incorporated ampliation and restriction into the theory of supposition itself.
Supposition and the Fallacy of Figure of Speech in the Abstractiones
Authors: Sirridge Mary
Published: June 2013

Abstract

I undertake to examine the practice of Richard, Master of Abstractions, with respect to supposition in his dealing with the fallacy of figure of speech. His practice turns out to support the ‘single theory’ account of the theory of personal supposition, as does his treatment of a functional equivalent of simple supposition, but his practice of proposing additional solutions points to changing attitudes with respect to species as separate entities. Questions having to do with material supposition and the like are completely absent, even in discussions where we might expect to find them.
Semantic and Ontological Aspects of Wyclif’s Theory of Supposition
Authors: Conti Alessandro D.
Published: June 2013

Abstract

The relationship between thought and reality was a focal point of Wyclif’s reflection. On the one hand, Wyclif believed that thought was linguistically constrained by its own nature; on the other hand, he considered thought to be related to reality in its elements and constitution. Hence he deemed language, thought, and external reality to be of the same logical coherence. Within this context, the theory of supposition was intended to explain the different roles that terms can have in relation to language and the extra-mental world when they appear as extremes in propositions. Characteristically, his theory of supposition provides an account not only of the truth-values of a sentence, but also of its meaning; it is not therefore simply a theory of reference, but a sort of complex analysis of language viewed as a semiotic system whose unique interpretative model was reality itself. It gives clear evidence of Wyclif’s realist stance and of his conviction that any kind of linguistic and semantic features must be grounded on ontological structures.
Ockham and Buridan on Simple Supposition
Authors: Panaccio Claude
Published: June 2013

Abstract

What is at stake, philosophically, in the disagreement between Ockham and Buridan is whether there is simple (or material) supposition in the mental language or not. The key difference is that Ockham’s theory allows for the possibility of use/mention ambiguities within mental language, while Buridan’s approach, whatever it is exactly, does not.
The Expressive Power of Medieval Logic
Authors: Parsons Terry
Published: June 2013

Abstract

This paper is about the development of logic in the Aristotelian tradition, from Aristotle to the mid-fourteenth century.

I will compare four systems of logic with regard to their expressive power.

1. Aristotle’s own logic, based mostly on chapters 1-2 and 4-7 of his Prior Analytics

2. An expanded version of Aristotle’s logic that one finds, e.g., in Sherwood’s Introduction to Logic and Peter of Spain’s Tractatus

3-5. Versions of the logic of later supposition theorists such as William Ockham, John Buridan, and Paul of Venice. Version 4 is the logic without relatives (anaphoric pronouns); version 5 adds relatives.

I am ignoring modals, conditionals that are not ut nunc, infinitizing negation, exclusives and exceptives, all exponibles, all insolubles, and terms with simple or material supposition, ampliation and restriction, and many other things.
Purity and Politics in Herod Antipas’s Galilee: The Case for Religious Motivation
Authors: Jensen Morten Hørning
Published: June 2013

Recent investigations of the milieu of Galilee in the late Second Temple period have largely sought to understand the emergence of the Jesus movement by searching for explanations in the living conditions of the region. Political, cultural and socio-economic factors have been pursued to unlock the mystery of the Jesus movement’s Galilean provenance. While not denying the validity of these perspectives, the present study aims at introducing religious motivation and purity concerns as distinct characteristics of Galilee in the Herodian period. This is done by discussing the material data that point to religious motivation and by surveying the relevant textual material that sheds light on the growing halakhic concern for purity in this period. It is concluded that religious motivation and purity concern indeed were driving factors in the Galilean milieu, placing Galilee firmly within the wider developments of the Jewish state from the Maccabean Revolt onward.
(Mis)reading Lonergan’s Way to Nicea
Authors: Wilkins Jeremy D.
Published: June 2013

This article examines Jane Barter Moulaison’s critique of Bernard Lonergan’s The Way to Nicea, and proposes a more generous interpretation of his project. Barter Moulaison’s critique rests upon a misreading of Lonergan. She conceives of doctrine as a liturgical distillation of Christian narrative, but he understands the Nicene homoousion as a shift toward systematic meaning in the expression of Christian teaching. This shift presupposes a Christian realism mediated by true judgments. It developed through a dialectical process in which the inadequacies of earlier formulations were gradually brought to light and eliminated, to arrive at the judgment that what is true of the Father is equally true of the Son and the Holy Spirit.
Cornering Law
Authors: Helton William S. , Head James , Blaschke Benno A.
Published: June 2013

Objective:

We investigated skill development and workload of pilots driving teleoperated unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) through different apertures and viewpoints using the cornering law.

Background:

Due to technological and cost restraints, humans are still needed for tasks involving UGVs. Operators of teleoperated UGVs are likely to have less situation awareness and thus are more prone to getting stuck or damaged when negotiating apertures. To our knowledge, the operation of physical UGVs through corners has not been examined. Therefore, a better understanding of cornering a teleoperated UGVs is imperative.

Method:

In Experiment 1, 20 novice participants repeatedly teleoperated a physical UGV using a third-person overhead view through apertures that varied in width. In Experiment 2, 18 additional novice participants completed a similar task but used a first-person view.

Results:

Participants’ performance increased (i.e., faster cornering times and less collisions) over sessions. The cornering law successfully modeled the effect of different aperture widths on participant performance for both viewing perspectives.

Conclusion:

In this study, we successfully modeled human performance of teleoperated UGVs using the cornering law. Analogous to Fitts’ and steering law, we were able to successfully model and predict cornering performance based on a derived index of cornering difficulty.

Application:

The cornering law could be used to aid in the development of prototype user interfaces and also to examine the effects of different teleoperation views (first person vs. third person).
Properties of wood plastic composite panels made from waste sanding dusts and nanoclay
Authors: Madhoushi Mehrab , Chavooshi Arash , Ashori Alireza , Ansell Martin P , Shakeri Alireza
Published: June 2013

This article presents the application of waste sanding dusts in order to evaluate its suitability as reinforcement for thermoplastics as an alternative to wood fibers. The effects of sanding dust loading and nanoclay content on the physical and mechanical properties were also studied. Overall trend showed that with addition of sanding dusts, tensile and flexural properties of the composites were significantly decreased, due to the reduction of interface bond between the fiber and matrix. It was found that flexural, tensile and withdrawal strength of fasteners were moderately enhanced by the addition of 2 wt% nanoclay in the matrix. However, with increase in the nanoclay content (4 and 6 wt%), the flexural and tensile properties decreased significantly. The results also showed that the withdrawal strengths of screws are much higher than those of nails. At certain amount of sanding dust, with increasing nanoclay loading the withdrawal strengths of fasteners (screws and nails) were considerably decreased. The thickness swelling and water absorption of the composites dramatically decreased with the increase in nanoclay loading. Except thickness swelling, both variable parameters (sanding dust and nanoclay contents) showed significant influence on physico-mechanical properties.
Costal Cartilage Is a Superior Implant Material than Conchal Cartilage in the Treatment of Empty Nose Syndrome
Authors: Jung Jae Hoon , Baguindali Mohammad Ariff , Park Jin Taek , Jang Yong Ju
Published: June 2013

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of endonasal microplasty in treating empty nose syndrome by comparing the use of costal and conchal cartilage implants to construct neoturbinates.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Subjects and Methods

A total of 31 patients who were diagnosed with empty nose syndrome and underwent endonasal microplasty with conchal cartilage (n = 17) or costal cartilage implants (n = 14) were included. Each patient's clinico‐demographic profile was reviewed to compare the conchal cartilage group and the costal cartilage groups. Pre‐ and postoperative Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐25) scores were also compared.

Results

Both groups showed a significant improvement in SNOT‐25 scores following surgery (P <. 05). The group who received costal cartilage implants demonstrated more significant improvements than the conchal cartilage group in terms of the mean difference between pre‐ and postoperative SNOT‐25 scores (P =. 023). Symptom outcomes related to depression demonstrated significant improvements in the conchal cartilage group (P <. 05), while in the costal cartilage group, in addition to these 3 variables, 7 items related to functional problems also demonstrated significant improvements (P <. 05).

Conclusions

Costal cartilage is a more useful material than conchal cartilage as implants for the treatment of empty nose syndrome patients.
Social support, social strain, loneliness, and well-being among older adults
Authors: Chen Yixin , Feeley Thomas Hugh
Published: June 2013

This study proposed that, among older adults, higher support and lower strain received from each of the four relational sources (spouse/partner, children, family, and friends) were associated with reduced loneliness and improved well-being and that loneliness might mediate the relationship between support/strain and well-being. Structural equation modeling was conducted using a national sample of adults aged 50 years and older ( N = 7,367) from the Health and Retirement Study. Findings indicated that support from spouse/partner and friends alleviated loneliness, while strain from all the four sources intensified loneliness; higher support and lower strain from various sources directly and indirectly improved well-being, with indirect effects mediated through reduced loneliness. It was concluded that, in later life, various sources of support/strain engender distinct effects on loneliness and well-being, and loneliness serves as one of the psychological pathways linking support/strain to well-being.
Comparison of Bone Tunnel and Suture Anchor Techniques in the Modified Broström Procedure for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Hu Chang-Yong , Lee Keun-Bae , Song Eun-Kyoo , Kim Myung-Sun , Park Kyung-Soon
Published: June 2013

Background:

The modified Broström procedure is frequently used to treat chronic lateral ankle instability. There are 2 common methods of the modified Broström procedure, which are the bone tunnel and suture anchor techniques.

Purpose:

To compare the clinical outcomes of the modified Broström procedure using the bone tunnel and suture anchor techniques.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Eighty-one patients (81 ankles) treated with the modified Broström procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability constituted the study cohort. The 81 ankles were divided into 2 groups, namely, a bone tunnel technique (BT group; 40 ankles) and a suture anchor technique (SA group; 41 ankles). The Karlsson score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, anterior talar translation, and talar tilt angle were used to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes. The BT group consisted of 32 men and 8 women with a mean age of 34.8 years at surgery and a mean follow-up duration of 34.2 months. The SA group consisted of 33 men and 8 women with a mean age of 33.3 years at surgery and a mean follow-up duration of 32.8 months.

Results:

Mean Karlsson scores improved significantly from 57.0 points preoperatively to 94.9 points at final follow-up in the BT group and from 59.9 points preoperatively to 96.4 points at final follow-up in the SA group. Mean AOFAS scores also improved from 64.2 points preoperatively to 97.8 points at final follow-up in the BT group and from 70.3 points preoperatively to 97.4 points at final follow-up in the SA group. Mean anterior talar translations in the BT group and SA group improved from 9.0 mm and 9.2 mm preoperatively to 6.5 mm and 6.8 mm at final follow-up, respectively. Mean talar tilt angles were 12.0° in the BT group and 12.5° in the SA group preoperatively and 8.8° at final follow-up for both groups. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of the Karlsson score, AOFAS score, anterior talar translation, and talar tilt angle.

Conclusion:

The bone tunnel and suture anchor techniques of the modified Broström procedure showed similar good functional and radiographic outcomes. Both techniques appear to be effective and reliable methods for the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability.
The influence of Driving Status on Transportation Challenges Experienced by Older Adults
Authors: Weeks Lori E. , Stadnyk Robin , Begley Lorraine , MacDonald Dany J.
Published: June 2013

We explored the severity, number, and reasons for transportation challenges experienced by older adult drivers, nondrivers who live with a driver, and nondrivers who do not live with a driver. A random sample of 1,670 Atlantic Canadian community-dwelling older adults completed a mailed survey. Drivers comprised 80% of the participants. Just more than one fifth of participants experienced at least occasional transportation challenges. Two thirds of nondrivers who lived with a driver reported having no transportation challenges. Almost half of the nondrivers who did not live with a driver indicated never experiencing transportation challenges, and 84% of drivers had no transportation challenges. Nondrivers who did not live with a driver experienced greater frequency and severity of transportation challenges. This research contributes to our understanding of the characteristics of older adults with different driving statuses and their transportation challenges, which can contribute to providing appropriate transportation supports for older adults in the future.
Expansion of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding into Neonatal Intensive Care
Authors: Nyqvist Kerstin H. , Häggkvist Anna-Pia , Hansen Mette N. , Kylberg Elisabeth , Frandsen Annemi L. , Maastrup Ragnhild , Ezeonodo Aino , Hannula Leena , Haiek Laura N.
Published: June 2013

In the World Health Organization/United Nations Children’s Fund document Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised, Updated and Expanded for Integrated Care, neonatal care is mentioned as 1 area that would benefit from expansion of the original Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. The different situations faced by preterm and sick infants and their mothers, compared to healthy infants and their mothers, necessitate a specific breastfeeding policy for neonatal intensive care and require that health care professionals have knowledge and skills in lactation and breastfeeding support, including provision of antenatal information, that are specific to neonatal care. Facilitation of early, continuous, and prolonged skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo mother care), early initiation of breastfeeding, and mothers’ access to breastfeeding support during the infants’ whole hospital stay are important. Mother’s own milk or donor milk (when available) is the optimal nutrition. Efforts should be made to minimize parent–infant separation and facilitate parents’ unrestricted presence with their infants. The initiation and continuation of breastfeeding should be guided only by infant competence and stability, using a semi-demand feeding regimen during the transition to exclusive breastfeeding. Pacifiers are appropriate during tube-feeding, for pain relief, and for calming infants. Nipple shields can be used for facilitating establishment of breastfeeding, but only after qualified support and attempts at the breast. Alternatives to bottles should be used until breastfeeding is well established. The discharge program should include adequate preparation of parents, information about access to lactation and breastfeeding support, both professional and peer support, and a plan for continued follow-up.
The slave-trading accounts of Manoel Batista Peres, 1613–1619: Double-entry bookkeeping in cloth money
Authors: Newson Linda A
Published: June 2013

This study examines the accounts of the Portuguese New Christian trader, Manoel Batista Peres. These private accounts, found in the Archivo General de la Nación in Lima, Peru, were associated with the trading of slaves on the Upper Guinea Coast in the early seventeenth century. The accounts take the double-entry format but, in the absence of a metallic currency, were kept in cloth money. Combining evidence from the accounts themselves, with the context in which Peres conducted his business, the study explores the reasons why he kept his accounts in this format. It shows how this system of accounting could be adapted to a non-monetised economy and contributes to the debate over the relationship between double-entry bookkeeping and the rise of capitalism.
Efficiently Assessing Patient Health Literacy
Authors: Sand-Jecklin Kari , Coyle Sue
Published: June 2013

Although health literacy limitations are common among patient populations, no efficient yet comprehensive health literacy assessment tool is available to nurses for use in busy health care settings. This study presents beginning evidence for the validity and reliability of a new health literacy assessment tool, the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS). One hundred patients attending four primary care clinics completed the BHLS and the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) short form and answered questions about the health literacy tools. Findings indicated significant correlations between BHLS and shortened version of the TOFHLA (S-TOFHLA) scores, with higher correlations between BHLS items addressing written health literacy and the S-TOFHLA. Comparative discrimination findings were significant at BHLS cut point of 18 and S-TOFHLA cut point less than 23. Patients rated the BHLS significantly less difficult to complete than the S-TOFHLA. Results of preliminary testing indicate the BHLS is a potentially efficient, effective, and patient-friendly screening tool for health literacy.
Older Hispanic Women, Health Literacy, and Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Flores Bertha E. , Acton Gayle J.
Published: June 2013

Approximately 90 million people in the United States lack basic literacy skills, which affect health behaviors. Cervical cancer is preventable and treatable, yet few older Hispanic women seek screening and continue to be a high-risk group for cervical cancer. A literature review was conducted to address the relationship between cervical cancer screening, health literacy, and older Hispanic women. Eighty studies were reviewed, and nine addressed health literacy and Hispanic women. One study addressed the association between functional health literacy and Pap smear screening among older Hispanic women. Few studies have explored the association between preventive cervical cancer screening and health literacy among older Hispanic women. Nurses must assess health literacy and be prepared to provide care, which is culturally, and linguistically appropriate to improve health outcomes. Further research is needed to be inclusive of all populations including older Hispanic women.
Experiences of Latino Couples in Relationship Education
Authors: Perez Carlos , Brown Matthew D. , Whiting Jason B. , Harris Steven M.
Published: June 2013

There exists a need to better understand the applicability of Marriage and Relationship Education (MRE) initiatives with diverse populations. This study presents findings from focus groups with Latino men and women ( N = 16) who participated in MRE classes. A critical theory approach guided the researchers who used grounded theory methodology to analyze the group transcripts. From the participant’s words, two types of meaning categories were generated. The first category, “Cultural Values,” included shared values or cultural influences that were identified as relevant to how participants experienced the MRE course. These included values such as familismo or cultural obligation. The second category was “group benefits,” which included concepts that described ways that the MRE experience was helpful to the participants (e.g., emotional awareness and motivation for change). These categories and concepts are presented in a model depicting the cultural values as an overlay through which the group benefits were filtered. The model offers implications for class content (e.g., relevant portions of the curriculum) and process (e.g., the importance of offering the courses in Spanish). Other implications for research and practice are given.
Platelet Hyperaggregability is Highly Prevalent in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yagmur Eray , Frank Rolf Dario , Neulen Joseph , Floege Jürgen , Mühlfeld Anja Susanne
Published: June 2013

Background:

Platelet hyperaggregation is known to be associated with arterial and venous thromboembolic events. The prevalence of platelet hyperaggregation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been described to date.

Methods:

Platelet hyperaggregation in patients with renal disease was defined by comparison of platelet aggregation patterns to non-CKD patients without thromboembolic disorders and healthy controls.

Results:

Among the 30 hemodialysis patients and 34 renal transplant recipients, 20 (67%) and 28 (82%) showed significantly decreased median Δ-epinephrine aggregation and increased 0.5 mol/L epinephrine response (65% and 54%) compared to healthy controls and non-CKD patients. In concordance to the laboratory finding of platelet hyperaggregability, renal transplant recipients showed a high rate of thromboembolic events (normal platelet aggregation: 0 events and platelet hyperaggregation: 30 events in 13 of 28 patients).

Conclusions:

Patients with CKD exhibit a hitherto unappreciated high prevalence of platelet hyperaggregability indicating sticky platelet syndrome. Laboratory testing of platelet hyperaggregability may supplement the assessment of thromboembolic complications in patients with CKD.
Experiencing the Blitz
Authors: Hanauer David Ian
Published: June 2013

This article utilizes poetic representation of an oral narrative to explore the wartime experiences of Jackie (Cole) Hanauer who as a child lived through the repeated bombings, displacement, distress and uncertainty of London during the Second World War (WWII). This poem utilizes a poetic critical ethnographic approach and extends current historical research on individual experiences during the Blitz that have focused on personal literacies against the backdrop of mythic and stifling perceptions of this historical period. The methodological approach consisted of recording, transcription and transformation into poetic form using the guidelines of poetic rendition. The resultant poem offers emotional insight and experiential understanding.
Kinetics of patulin degradation in model solution, apple cider and apple juice by ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Zhu Yan , Koutchma Tatiana , Warriner Keith , Shao Suqin , Zhou Ting
Published: June 2013

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a wide range of molds involved in fruit spoilage, most commonly by Penicillium expansum and is a health concern for both consumers and manufacturers. The current study evaluated feasibility of monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) radiation at 253.7 nm as a possible commercial application for the reduction of patulin in fresh apple cider and juice. The R-52G MINERALIGHT® UV bench top lamp was used for patulin destruction. It was shown that 56.5%, 87.5%, 94.8% and 98.6% reduction of patulin can be achieved, respectively, in the model solution, apple cider, apple juice without ascorbic acid addition and apple juice with ascorbic acid addition in 2-mm thickness sample initially spiked by 1 mg·L−1 of patulin after UV exposure for 40 min at UV irradiance of 3.00 mW·cm−2. A mathematic model to compare the degradation rate and effective UV dose was developed. The effective UV doses that were directly absorbed by patulin for photochemical reaction were 430, 674, 724 and 763 mJ·cm−3, respectively. The fluence-based decimal reduction time was estimated to 309.3, 31.3, 28.9 and 5.1 mW·cm−2·min, respectively, in four media mentioned above. The degradation of patulin followed the first-order reaction model. The time-based and fluence-based reaction rate constants were determined to predict patulin degradation. The time-based reaction rate constant of samples treated in dynamic regime with constant stirring (model solution: 2.95E-4 s−1, juice: 4.31E-4 s−1) were significantly higher than samples treated in static regime (model solution: 2.79E-4 s−1, juice: 3.49E-4 s−1, p < 0.05) when applied UV irradiance and sample thickness were consistent. The reaction rate constant of patulin degradation in apple juice was significantly higher than model solution ( p < 0.05). Although further investigations are still needed, the results of this study demonstrated that UV radiation may be an effective method for treating patulin-containing apple cider and juice.