bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steady State Response of Compressible Fractional Derivative Viscoelastic Thick-Walled Cylinder
Authors: Liu Lin Chao , Yu Lie , Yu Huan Xin
Published: June 2012

Many materials show viscoelastic properties under long term load, because of the complexity of viscoelastic problem, it is not enough for describing the characteristics of material and structure with classic viscoelastic model. The stress-strain constitutive relationship is described by fractional derivative viscoelastic model, the radial displacement and stress of thick-walled cylinder under internal pressure are obtained by using Fourier transform and the properties of fractional derivative, and we also investigated the steady state response of compressible fractional derivative viscoelastic thick-walled cylinder.
Research on the Rehabilitation of the Ancient City Wall of the Wuchang Uprising Gate
Authors: Sun Zhu
Published: June 2012

To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Xinghai Revolution, the government of Wuchang district in Wuhan City intends to rehabilitate rain-wind corridor, feudal pavilion and the city walls. After access to historical data, site survey, mapping, photographing and measuring, the rehabilitating engineering program of rain-wind corridor, feudal pavilion and the city walls of the Wuchang Uprising Gate is achieved. In the fourth year of Hongwu (1371), Ming dynasty, Zhou Dexing, the duke of Jiangxia, built Wuchang city on the basis of Yingzhou city of Tang dynasty. Wuchang city has large scale. In Ming and Qing dynasty, it was the legacy of county, town, city and province. Its diameter from the east to the west was of 2.5 km, with 3 km from the north to south. The thickness of wall foundation is 22.44 m, with top thickness 17.82 m. Nine gates were designed for the ancient city. The Uprising gate, one of the nine gate of the Wuchang ancient city, was opened to the south and also the busiest gate for entering the city. New Army Engineering Battalion of Hubei took the lead and fired the first shot. And then they occupied Zhonghe Gate and Chu Wangtai to welcome the South Lake artillery, Ma team and other revolutionaries.
Research on Stress Increase of Unbonded Tendons at Ultimate in Prestressed Concrete Continuous Beams
Authors: Wang Xiao Dong , Zheng Wen Zhong , Wang Ying
Published: June 2012

Rational evaluation for stress increase of unbonded tendon at ultimate is the basis to exactly compute flexural load bearing capacity of unbonded prestressed concrete beams. Moment-curvature nonlinear analysis method is adopted to compile programs for calculating stress increase at ultimate in unbonded prestressed continuous beams. The precision of the method is proved by comparing results of 16 experimental two-span unbonded prestressed continuous beams to the prediction value of stress increase at ultimate. Based on the simulation analysis, law of the influence of some basic factors to stress increase at ultimate in unbonded tendons in continuous beams is obtained, such as non-prestressed reinforcement index, prestressed reinforcement index, ratio of span to depth and loading type. Then formulas for calculating stress increase at ultimate in unbonded tendons in prestressed concrete continuous beams were established.
Contrast Experiment of Common Crack Repair Method and Comprehensive New Repair Technology Research
Authors: Li Zhi Qiang , Bu Na Rui , Cong Xiao Hong
Published: June 2012

Because the crack repairing technology is varied, the crack repair application has certain complexity, and part of the project due to the repair technology unreasonable type selection. So it is necessary for all kinds of crack repairing technology was studied, on the basis of the best cost-effective choice method, crack repair engineering for reference. This study presents the basalt fiber cement mortar with BICS comprehensive repair of crack, and experimental research was done, according to the test results and the engineering experience, put forward the basic procedures and technology of crack repair method, providing reference for project application.
The Flexural Performance of Pre-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beam Strengthened with CFRP in Seawater Environment
Authors: Wang Yu Tian , Du Xiu Li , Jiang Fu Xiang , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2012

Experiments on flexural behavior of strengthened pre-damaged reinforced concrete beams with CFRP and those exposed to seawater for different time have been carried out. By comparison, the rule of seawater effecting on failure modes of beams, fissure condition, strain development and flexural capacity, and so on have been studied. The results show that reinforcement treatment on the mechanical damaged reinforced concrete beams with bonding CFRP can effectively improve their flexural capacity and stiffness, and constrain the development of cracks. With the extension of time under seawater environment, although performance of pre-damaged beam strengthened with CFRP is influenced significantly, the strengthening effect is still more reliable.
Bearing Capacity of Beams Strengthened by Common Methods Considering Strain Lag Effect
Authors: Liu Si Meng , Liu Qing Yang
Published: June 2012

A lot of bridge reinforcement and rehabilitation projects are been implementing throughout China and many countries in the world. However, some fundamental questions still remain unsettled, and this paper addressed one of them, which is the bearing capacity of strengthened beams. We analyzed the loading process of beams after strengthening with strain lag effect, and focused on several critical states. To validate our conclusions, we developed a non-linear FEM program, and compared the data yielded by program with those from reference. We found that for adequate reinforcement RC beams the influence of strain lag effect on the bearing capacity depends on the property of reinforcing material. The conclusion matched with experiment very well.
Flexural Tests of Fiber-Reinforced-Concrete Beams Reinforced with FRP Rebars
Authors: Qu Hong Chang , Li Hong Yuan , Zhang Xuan
Published: June 2012

This paper investigates the flexural performance of FRP/FRC hybrid reinforcement system as well as FRP/plain concrete beams. Test results showed that the crack widths of FRP/FRC beams were smaller than those of FRP/plain concrete beams at the different corresponding load. With the increase of load, the crack spacing slightly decreased. The plain concrete beams failed in a more brittle mode than the FRC beams. Once they reached their ultimate moments, the load dropped fleetly. Compared to the companion beam, the addition of fibers improved the flexural behavior.
A Survey of Sulfate Resistance Test Methods
Authors: Li Xiu Juan , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2012

In this article, a few testing methods of sulfate-attack resistance are discussed. The merits and demerits of every method are commented, the existent problems are pointed out, and a suggestion of study on testing method of sulfate-attack resistance in future is put forward.
A Practical Computing Method for Residual Area of Rebar Cross-Sections under Carbonation Induced Corrosion
Authors: Wang Xiao Gang , Zhong De Ming
Published: June 2012

Area loss of severely weakened rebar cross sections is a crucial variable in assessment of structural deterioration for corroded concrete structures, which is hard to be measured or estimated precisely in conventional methods. In this paper, rebar samples were taken from naturally corroded RC slabs. Their virtual models were built using 3D laser scanning technique to facilitate geometric measurement. From these models seriously weakened sections were screened out as analyzing samples, and residual areas as well as profiles of the cross-sections were derived and investigated consequently. Shown by the results, corrosion was non-uniformly distributed on rebar surface, and profiles of the residual cross-sections can hardly be formulated efficiently. However, they can be simplified into ellipse with minor axis of minimum residual diameter and major axis of diameter in perpendicular direction. This model has been proved to give an conservative approximation of residual sectional area with 4.27% underestimation and 89.2% degree of confidence.
A Discuss on Basing Half-Cell Potential Method for Estimating Steel Corrosion Rate in Concrete
Authors: Zhu Xiao E , Dai Mu Xiang
Published: June 2012

Basing half-cell potential method estimating steel corrosion rate in concrete was studied in this paper. The exponential relationship between the corrosion current and the corrosion potential was regressed by the data collected from the linear polarization method experiment. Potential collected by the half-cell potential method and linear polarization resistance method in the experiment were close, it is reasonable to using regression equation. Regression equation was applied to analysis steel corrosion rate in a concrete structure column.
Reliability Assessment under Combinations of Snow Load Effect: The Lightweight Steel Structures with Gabled Frames and Components Designs
Authors: Cao Ying Chun , Liu Ming , Wang Yuan Qing , Zhang Yan Nian
Published: June 2012

Purpose: to assess reliability factor of Gable Framed Lightweight Steel Structural and Components, under combination of load effect of permanent loads and snow loads. Method: JC method is adopted in the calculations. From reliability of geometrical meaning, transform the solving of reliability problem into the finding of minimum constraints, and calculate reliability indicators by using a non-linear programming called ‘Lingo’ software. Results: based on dead load plus snow load, and combination of dead load plus snow load and wind load, to calculate reliability indicator of structural components under axial tension, axial compression, and eccentric compression. Conclusion: when combined with snow load, reliability indicator (of Gable Framed Lightweight Steel Structures and Components) is less than the standard permitted reliability indicator, which is beta=3.2.
Numerical Analysis of Free Field under Horizontal Seismic Excitations
Authors: Chen Shou Long , Cui Chun Yi , Wang Zhong Tao
Published: June 2012

Based on Newmark-β gradual integration method and elastic-plastic mechanical theory, numerical analyses of the effects of soft soil depth and thickness on the characteristics of seismic response of free bank field with soft soil layers are conducted by using finite element program Midas/GTS. The numerical results show that the high frequency components of seismic excitations can be filtered and the low frequency components are amplified correspondingly when seismic waves are transmitted through the free bank field from the bedrock.
Seismic Fragility Analysis of SRC Frame Structures
Authors: Zheng Shan Suo , Li Wen Bo , Li Qian , Wang Fan
Published: June 2012

With the rapid development and extensive application of SRC (steel reinforced concrete) frame structures, the study on seismic fragility of SRC structure under earthquakes seems rather important. The seismic fragility of the SRC frame structures is studied by the method of Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) in this paper. IDA method is conducted on 9 storey SRC frame structure to obtain the IDA curves of this model. Meanwhile, the seismic fragility of the model is analyzed to get the fragility curve. The result shows that IDA can describe the quantitative relationship between the exceeding probability of different states and damage degree of the target.
Design and Analysis on Fan-Shape Four Pyramid Grid with Single Point Supporting
Authors: Li Ke , Ji Jing
Published: June 2012

Combined with canopy structure design of a old-man university, this paper introduces the selection of scheme, material selection and Load value of fan-shape variable height four pyramid grid structure. Using the software ANSYS, finite element model of grid structure is established, and internal force and deformation of the members are got, the bearing capacity of the members and structural deformation are checked, finally design and construction for the node of members and the detail of structure are given, these can provide references for the design of similar engineering.
Application of Seismic Isolation Designing Method Based on China Building Seismic Code
Authors: Dong Xin Mei , Wang Yan Ming , Guo Pei Pei , Li Ming Wei
Published: June 2012

Based on China building seismic code (GB5011-2010), an overview about base-isolated designing method is presented in this paper. The composition of base-isolated structure, design process, design content, application in practical engineering are involved .The purpose of this paper is to make structural engineers have an overall understand about base-isolated structure design, and promote the further application of this kind of structure in China.
Analysis of Seismic Response of the Single Tower Cable-Stayed Bridge with Seismicity Mitigation and Energy Dissipation Devices
Authors: Yang Ji Xin , Zhang Yu
Published: June 2012

In this paper , the lead-rubber bearings and viscous dampers are proposed to be used as the seismicity mitigation and energy dissipation devices at the connections between the deck and pylons of single tower cable-stayed bridge. The bilinear model and Maxwell damper model are also used to respectively simulate the hysteretic behavior of the bearings and dampers. Finally, the effects of the seismicity mitigation and energy dissipation of the bearings and dampers are investigated through the nonlinear seismicity analysis method of the structure. The results show that the lead-rubber bearings as the bearings and dampers connect ion of the single tower cable-stayed is an effective method to reduce seismic forces.
A Review on Long-Term Evaluation of Occurrence Probability for Subduction-Zone Earthquakes in Eastern Japan
Authors: Tao Zheng Ru , Tao Xia Xin , Jiang Wei
Published: June 2012

Evaluation approach of occurrence probability for subduction-zone earthquakes adopted in “National Seismic Hazard Maps for Japan” is reviewed, especially for the area of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (2011 Tohoku Earthquake in short). One problem is pointed that the occurrence probability of such a large earthquake cannot be predicted just from seismicity in a region small like Miyagi-ken-Oki area or southern Sanriku-Oki. The whole subduction zone in eastern Japan is suggested to be taken into account with the interaction between the energy released in quakes. Finally, a simple test to predict the next large earthquake in the subduction-zone by means of Artificial Neural Network is presented, and the result for the years of 2008-2018 shows there may be an earthquake with magnitude up to 8.8 in the zone.
Experimental Study of Viscoelastic Dampers under Large Deformation
Authors: Zhao Gang , Pan Peng , Qian Jia Ru , Lin Jin Song
Published: June 2012

The paper presents an experimental study on a new type viscoelastic damper, which is expected to have better energy dissipation capability. Tests on the dampers’ mechanical properties, including shear storage modulus, shear loss modulus, and loss factor, were conducted using reduced scale specimens, and took strain amplitude, loading frequency and ambient temperature as test parameters. Aging tests, low cycle and high cycle fatigue tests were also conducted. Particularly, the low cycle fatigue behavior under a strain of 300% and the basic mechanical behavior under strains of 300%-420% were investigated. Test results suggest that the dependency of the mechanical properties on frequency and temperature is small, the energy dissipation capacity is stable for both large and small displacement, and the damper reaches a strain of 420% without failure.
Probabilistic Assessment of Soil Liquefaction by Using Seismic Chinese Code
Authors: Vongchavalitkul Sanguan , Kumpangta Swein
Published: June 2012

Deterministic safety factor are introduced by Z. CAO et al (2008) according to seismic Chinese code. The approach was deterministic method used the standard penetration test (SPT) to evaluate the liquefaction of soil. With this method, liquefaction of soil is predicted to occur if the factor of safety(FS), which in the ratio of critical SPT-N value(Resistance) over the actual measurement SPT-N(Load), is less than or equal to one. If the factor of safety greater than one, no soil liquefaction is predicted. Because the significant uncertainties in variable involved in the deterministic factor of safety, the probability method need to use. Probabilistic safety factor calculations provide a means of evaluating the combined effeces of uncertainties and provide a logical framework for choosing a factor of safety that is appropriate for the degree of uncertainty and consequences of failure. Then, a probabilistic assessment of soil liquefaction may be performed in which probability of failure and reliability index. By using the most widely reliability analysis as the First Order Second Moment (FOSM) method, the results of a probabilistic assessment of soil liquefaction can be used for engineering decision.
Research on Inelastic Response Spectra for Asymmetric Plan Systems Subjected to Bi-Directional Earthquake Motions
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Hong Nan , Yi Ting Hua
Published: June 2012

The limitations of traditional inelastic response spectra are discussed. Considering a one-storey asymmetric plan system subjected to perpendicular bi-directional earthquake motions, the inelastic multi-dimensional strength reduction factor spectra is presented. The yield rule of the asymmetric plan system is determined by two-dimensional yield-surface plasticity function. The spectral equation is simplified by the relationship of strength reduction factors between x-direction and y-direction.The multi-dimensional spectra are analyzed based on 30 pair strong earthquake motion records for hard soil site, intermediate soil site and soft soil site. Analytic results shows that the strength reduction factor mean spectra for each soil site has its own characteristics, and the strength reduction factor spectra is affected strongly by ductility, normalized stiffness eccentricity, period and rotation frequency ratio.
Influence of Non-Uniform Movements and Soft Soil on Seismic Responses
Authors: Hai Su
Published: June 2012

Relative responses can strongly determine damages of bridge structures, e.g. due to pounding and unseating of girders as observed in many major earthquakes in the past. In the investigations often uniform ground excitation and pounding at only one location are considered. Studies on the influence of spatially varying ground excitation on bridge responses are still very limited, and they are restricted to flat ground-surface condition. Influence of multi-sided pounding is also not much investigated. If the impediment effect of abutments is considered at all, so far fixed-base movements are assumed. The consequence of non-uniform movement and pier-support movements for the force development in bridge structures is not investigated yet. It is the subject of our current study.
Attenuation of Hysteretic Energy Spectra of Strong Ground Motion
Authors: Gong Mao Sheng , Sun Jing , Xie Li Li
Published: June 2012

Based on 266 strong ground motions from 15 significant earthquakes in California of America, the attenuation law of hysteretic spectra is established by using nonlinear regression method, and the effects of site class and ductility level on the hysteretic spectra constructed from the attenuation relationship are discussed in the paper. The results show that the site has significant effects on hysteretic energy spectra, and the more soft the site is, the more hysteretic energy structure will suffer from earthquake. Moreover, for ductility level scaled by ductility factor, the results show that structure with greater ductility factor can dissipate more input energy from the earthquake by means of the plastic deformation. The up limit design value of ductility factor for a structure is proposed as 4 because there is little difference between the hysteretic energy demand for ductility factor 4 and larger values. The hysteretic energy demand for structures at a given site in scenario earthquakes can be evaluated according to the results of the paper.
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Village Buildings in Wenzhou
Authors: Yang Ke Jia , Li Wei , Yin Jian Wei
Published: June 2012

Earthquakes cause severe damage to structures and economic losses recently, based on which investigations are carried out on village buildings in Wenzou. Investigation results show that cavity wall structures are the most widely used by village buildings. So a typical cavity wall structure is selected for analyses in this paper. The typical structure is simulated using Sap2000. The structure was analyzed with and without structural columns and ring beams. Analyses results show that the prototype structure is inadequate to resist earthquake load. Structural columns and ring beams can enhance its seismic performance and provide it adequate seismic performance. So it is necessary to enhance village structures with structural measures.
Research on Methodology of Seismicity Delineating Zones in Different Areas of China
Authors: Rong Mian Shui , Yang Yong , Xu Dan Dan
Published: June 2012

The cellullar seismology method has been proposed in this paper. Using this method, we select percentage of map area (33%) at first, then determine radius of trap region, and finally estimate probability of 'after' earthquake in the trap region. In four regions of different tectonic environments and seismic activity in China, we estimate probability of 'after' earthquake in the trap region respectively. Our results indicate that probability of 'after' earthquake in the trap region is greater than percentage of map area, and that future earthquakes occur frequently where past earthquakes have occurred. Therefore, it is feasible that using seismicity prediction to delineate potential locations of future earthquakes which varies for regions with different tectonic environments.
Study on Retaining Work of the Engineering Landslide
Authors: Qin Feng Yan , Tu Jin Song , Ge Qin Yun
Published: June 2012

In this paper the features and applicable ranges of the traditional landslide treatment measures were analyzed, such as anti-slide retaining walls, anti-slide piles, prestressed anchors, bolts and others . Through the analysis of engineering landslide treatment present situation, the advantage and scope of application was elaborated, which has been used only in recent years, such as the pre-stressed anchor cable pile, the lattice frame anchor, prestress concrete lattice frame anchor, anchor soil nail reinforced earth retaining wall and other new types of retaining the reinforcement measures. Finally, the development trend of engineering landslide are put out. Some suggestions are put forword for the similar engineering landslide governance and protection.
Study on Construction Risk Analysis and Risk Counter-Measures of River-Crossing Tunnel of Large-Diameter Metro
Authors: Hu Jun , Zeng Hui , Wang Xiao Bin
Published: June 2012

There are numerous difficulties and risks in the construction of river-crossing tunnel of large-diameter metro. How to ensure the safety of the project and reduce the construction risk is the key issue requiring urgent solution. This paper, taking a project of constructing river-crossing tunnel of large-diameter metro as the research background, compared and selected the methods of constructing this river-crossing tunnel. Large-diameter slurry shield machine was recommended to conduct digging construction. Then, possible risks of the selected construction method were analyzed and summarized into two categories: risk concerning the project itself and environmental risk. Finally, corresponding measures to handle the risks were put forward.
Study to Catastrophe Mechanism of Bedding Rock Slope Burst
Authors: Cheng Sheng Guo , Zheng Hong
Published: June 2012

Bedding rock slope stability is classic problem of its formation mechanism, and with mechanical means to study the breeding and instability model is one of the important means, Based on summarizing and inducting returns of former researcher, this paper stated that the mechanical model of two-dimensional space may be crossbar bend beam model and of three-dimensional space maybe plate or shell model. Crossbar bend beam catastrophe model of common and multi-load was built. The formulas of burst instable and limit length of bedding rock slope were gained. For example Bawangshan and a special slope near 318 national highway as typical burst slope, their burst and limit length were solved, and the result was proved to be correct and rationality by contrasting with calculation result of other researcher or the actual scene investigate.
Research on Security Facilities for Mountainous Countryside Based on the Characteristics of Security Needs
Authors: Wei Lian Yu , Jiang Kai Zhen , Ma Shi Bin , Zheng Yan Jun
Published: June 2012

This paper analyzes the main safety and security problems of the mountainous rural roads. According to the characteristics of the mountains rural roads, traffic conditions and road environment, learned from domestic and international research and engineering experience, following the principles about safety, economy, environmental protection, and easy-maintenance, research for the security facilities suitable for rural road design.
Study on Four-Color Early Warning Mechanism of Collapse Hazards in Subsea Tunnel
Authors: Xue Yi Guo , Li Shu Cai , Su Mao Xin , Qiu Dao Hong , Tian Hao
Published: June 2012

The long, and larger subsea tunnel has rapidly developemented in recent years in the world. But it has much more high risk for its geological condition's complexity and uncertainty in the physical prospecting interpretation result. The collapse is one of the biggest construction risk in the long, and larger subsea tunnel project, which can easily lead to huge disaster and economic and life loss. The four-color(red, orange, yellow and green) early warning mechanism of geological hazards on collapse in subsea tunnel construction is stated in the paper. And the corresponding project preventive measures are also made according to different early warning ranks. The early warning mechanism and methods stated above have some guiding significance to similar projects.
Comparison of Calculation Method on Bi-Directional Shearing Capacity of RC Framed Columns
Authors: Du Chuang , Guo Rong , Zhou Ming Jie , Zhang Cai Li
Published: June 2012

This paper presents comparison of calculation methods on bi-directional shearing capacity of RC framed columns, mainly analyzing on the characteristics of the different method. It is demonstrated that the code method, the minimum volume of steel method,the simplified tri-linear analytical method are all derived from over-strength factor method.The difference among them is only different over-strength factor.Their three over-strength factors are to reduce all bearing capacity item,while the proposed method is only the parts of reduction to bearing capacity item. From the veiw of designing for security, all methods can meet the requirement of safety.
Shear Locking Analysis of Plate Bending by Using Meshless Local Radial Point Interpolation Method
Authors: Xia Ping , Wei Ke Xiang
Published: June 2012

The shape function of the meshless local radial point interpolation method is constructed by using the radial basis functions and possesses Kronecker delta function properties. Therefore, the essential boundary conditions can be easily imposed. Causation of shear locking occur in plate bending is analyzed. Bending problems for plate with two sides simply supported, the other two sides clamped boundary conditions, are analyzed by the meshless local radial point interpolation method. The shear locking is easier avoided in the meshless method than in the finite element method, and the measure of avoiding the shear locking are presented.
Finite Element Analysis on Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Concrete Beam Joints under Cyclic Loading by OPENSEES
Authors: Chen Qing Jun , Guo Jin Long , Cai Jian , He An , Tang Xu Lin , Yang Chun
Published: June 2012

Concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) column-beam joint with the column tube discontinuous in joint zone is a new type of joint. Firstly, the results of the cyclic loading experiments on this joint were introduced briefly. Then numerical simulation of the experiment process was carried out by OPENSEES, and the load-displacement curves, strength degradation, stiffness degradation of the specimens were studied. The analysis results exhibit good agreement with the experimental ones. OPENSEES can simulate two types of failure, including joint failure and beam failure. Based on specimen S3, parametric analysis were conducted to research the strength degradation and stiffness degradation in models with different reinforcement ratios and reinforcement diameters. The results indicate that models with higher reinforcement ratio of the beams will result in joint failure under cyclic reverse loading, and their load-displacement curves are pinched and ultimate bearing capacity would not increase while strength degradation and stiffness degradation would appear obviously.
Research on the Calculation Method of Stress in Retaining Wall Based on Elasticity Theory
Authors: Dang Ling Bo , Fu Li Bin
Published: June 2012

The retaining walls were divided into water retaining wall and soil retaining wall, they were built to cut off rivers or prevent soil structures from sliding. In engineering the stress state of the structure played an important role to analysis the working condition and to guarantee the project safety. The stress state of any point in the water retaining wall and soil retaining wall were studied based on the elasticity theory and soil mechanics. The method of semi-inverse was used to deduce the stress intensity of the retaining wall in polar coordinate. And if the failure criteria and strength conditions of the retaining wall were known, the working and safety state of the structure could be checked from the stress intensity.
Bending Solution of Plates on Winkler Foundation by Element-Free Galerkin Method Based on Mindlin Plate Theory
Authors: Xu Min Yan , Sun Jian Dong , Cui Shi Qi , Shi Lei
Published: June 2012

Element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) is successfully applied to solve the bending problem of plates on a Winkler foundation. The shape function which is characteristic of high-time continuity is formulated by means of weight function. A way to incorpor- ate the self-adaptive influential radius in weight function is proposed. Based on variational principle, this paper derives control equation for the bending of plates on a Winkler foundation from Mindlin-Reissner plate theory. Using penalty function mothed, assembled stiffness matrix which is real symmetry positive definite matrix is deduced. This method can solve the bending problem of plates with different boundary conditions on a Winkler foundation. The corresponding computer programs of EFGM and post-process programs are also developed. Numerical examples show that EFGM solving the bending of plates on a Winkler found is reasonable and feasible. This present study provides a newly effective numerical method for the Winkler foundation bending problem and expands the application field of EFGM.
Study on Flexural Toughness and Crack Path Prediction for Polymer-Modified Concrete
Authors: Cao Qing Yu , Hao Ting Yu , Sun Wei
Published: June 2012

This paper studies how polymer alters the flexural toughness of concrete. By selecting five different types of polymer mixing into concrete; results indicate that polymer has obvious effect to enhance toughness of concrete evaluated by toughness index T. By crack path prediction analysis, the crack path of polymer-modified concrete is more tortuous and consumes more energy while crack propagation than ordinary concrete.
Experimental Verification of a Full-Size Buckling Restrained Brace
Authors: Liu Lin , Liu Chao , Yin Xue Jun
Published: June 2012

This paper presents experimental and finite element analysis result of a full-size Buckling Restrained Brace (BRB). The brace consists of a steel core encased in a steel tube filled with concrete. The low-cycle fatigue check was incorporated into the cyclic test program. Test results show that the BRB product can develop stable hysteretic responses up to core axial strain of 1.3% and the maximum compressive loads is 1.23 times the actual yield load. The specimen performs well through the whole test sequence. Nonlinear finite element analysis was conducted for a comparison analysis, and contact interactions between the steel core and concrete infill were modeled. The finite element model can reasonably predict the compression behavior and post-yield strength of the specimen.
Tests of Buckling-Restrained Braces Using Low-Yield Point Steel as Core Material
Authors: Yan Hong , Pan Peng , Wang Yuan Qing , Makino Toshio , Qi Xue
Published: June 2012

In order to reduce seismic responses of structures, low-yield point steel has been used for dampers due to its excellent energy dissipation capacity. However, few researches about the low-yield point steel dampers have been conducted in China so far. This paper mainly presents an experimental study on two buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) which take an in-line steel plate as the core and a double-web wide flange steel member as the outer unit. Low-yield point steel LY100 is taken as the core material and conventional steel SN400 is taken as the outer material. Uniaxial cyclic loading tests of two low-yield point steel BRBs (LYS-BRB) were conducted to investigate their hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation capacity. The two LYS-BRBs yielded at rather small displacement and their accumulated plastic deformation ratios reached 1639 and 1437, respectively. Significant strain-hardening behavior can be observed in the hysteresis curves of LYS-BRBs and the maximum cyclic stress reached 3.85 times the yield stress.
Finite Element Analysis on Circular Steel Tube Composite Column Filled with Steel Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Xu Ya Feng , Yang Xu , Wang Xin , Bai Shou Yan
Published: June 2012

The article analysis the seismic behaviors of circular steel tube composite column filled with steel reinforced concrete by the large finite element analysis software ABAQUS, adopted the load-displacement method and aimed at studying the mechanical properties of circular steel tube composite columns filled with steel reinforced concrete under horizontal low-cyclic loading, considering the degree of ductility, capacity of energy dissipation by the steel ratio and axial compression ratio. Under different axial compression ratios and steel ratios, the hysteresis curves and skeleton curves are carried out. Along with the increase of steel ratio, the deformation ability and ultimate bearing capacity are raised, but with the increase of axial compression ratio, the deformation ability becomes worse.
A Simple Approach to Modeling the Failure of Flawed Polyester Textile with the Application of the Concepts for Fracture Mechanics
Authors: Liu Guo Ning , Zhao Hua Dong , Wang He Zheng , Wang Shuang Cheng , Zhao Ming Hao
Published: June 2012

A widely used organic polymer textile material, which is made of polyester fibers and then cured in the resin afterwards to fix the original pattern of the textile, is used to study the flaw’s influence in the mechanical properties as well as its influence in the failure behavior of the textile. This kind of textile is preferably applied and acts as the re-enforcement part or component in the composite design or composite manufacturing. To mathematically and theoretically analyze the relationship between the mechanical behavior of the polyester textile and the flaw within the material, a model based on the fracture mechanics is proposed to explain the experimental results from the mechanical tests of polyester textile specimens.
Mechanical Capacity Analysis of Large Diameter Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP)
Authors: Wang Yu Liang , Bi Yong Qing , Zhou Xiao Jie
Published: June 2012

Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe(PCCP) has been applied to oil, water conservancy and hydropower engineering and other fields as a kind of high quality composite pipe. Because of its complicated structure and work condition, mechanical behavior of PCCP is not uniform. In this paper, the mechanical model is established in PCCP working stage based on the elastic plane strain theory of axisymmetric multilayer cylinders and the mechanism of the ring-like strands action. Then the design method of prestressing is put forward according to the aim at the crack control. The stress is analyzed with finite-element analysis in the condition of different pressure, and also the method is amended compared with the finite-element analysis. It is indicated that the design method of prestressing is reasonable compared with specification of both domestic and international.
The Variation of the Stress Intensity Factor of Welded Flange-Bloted Wed Connection
Authors: Sun Yu Ping , Teng Zun Li
Published: June 2012

In this paper ABAQUS is used to establish three dimensional finite element(3D) model of WFBW, fracture behavior of “artificial crack” of the weld root is analyzed, the stress intensity factor(KⅠ) as a fracture mechanics parameters to calculate fracture behavior in the beam flange weld root. Results show that stress intensity factor varies cross the beam flange width. When selecting the same initial flaw length, the stress intensity factors of bottom flange weld root was significantly higher than in the top flange weld root. The K1 increases nearly linear with the increase of the initial flaw length. Comparison of 2D and 3D models, when the same initial flaw length, calculation of KⅠ by the three-dimensional model approximately as 1.5 times as that by two-dimensional model.
Analytical Formulation on the Mechanical Behavior of Anchorage Interface for Full-Length Bonded Bolt
Authors: Liu Bo , Huang Li , Li Dong Yang
Published: June 2012

Based on the local deformation theory, we study the mechanics behavior of anchorage interface of full-length bonded rock bolt by using a mathematics model (tri-linear model). With pull-out load increasing, the changing process of anchorage interface of full-length bonded bolt is divided into three stages in this paper: elastic stage, plastic softening stage and crack slipping stage. It is found that in the state of elastic, axis force decreases rapidly with bolt depth increasing, and when pull-out load is greater than elastic ultimate load, attenuation degree will slow for the occurring of interface plastic softening and crack slipping in the top of bolt. The result indicates that the continuous change of axis force with bolt depth reflects that the bolt interface bond strength changes with the increase of pulling load.
Strain Analysis of Composite Frame Joints with Double Side Penetrated Diaphragms
Authors: Tong Min
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Connection joint with penetrated diaphragm, which is better for the stressing state of the welding connection, is a new type joint for the beam and column connection. Static test and pseudo-static test are put to 17 crossing joints. The stress distribution of the steel beam and the penetrated diaphragm are discussed. The experiment shows that the penetrated diaphragm transfer most tension force of the steel beam’s upper flange to the core region of the joint, which could effectively decrease the stress and strain gradient within the connection area of the steel beam’s upper flange and steel tube column. As the result, the shear force of the core region is decreased. The front weld is avoided being surfing great tension. The ductility of the joint and the energy dissipation capacity of the structure are then increased. The type and the size of the penetrated diaphragm show great affection to the stress distribution of steel beam and penetrated diaphragm. The study achievement enriches the joint connection type of the composite structure with concrete- filled steel tube.
An Inverse Mode Problems for Simply Connected Central Symmetric Spring-Mass Systems
Authors: Tian Xia , Li Chuan Xiao
Published: June 2012

Given the odd /even degree eigenpair and the even degree eigenpair of a simply connected central symmetric spring-mass system respectively. The inverse mode problem of constructing the physical elements of the system from two eigenpairs and the total mass of the system is considered. The necessary and sufficient conditions for constructing of a physical realizable system with positive mass and stiffness elements are established. If these conditions are satisfied, the simply connected central symmetric spring-mass system may be constructed uniquely. The numerical methods and examples are given finally.
Research on the Ultimate Bearing Capacity for Steel Tubular Transmission Tower’s Joints with Annular Plate
Authors: Lv Bao Hua , Chen Ze Qun , Li Hui , Guan Shun Qing , Li Xiao Lu , Zhang Ling
Published: June 2012

This paper investigated the ultimate bearing capacity of tubular-gusset joints with 1/4 annular plate or none annular plate based on the experiment and FEM methods. We calculated various impacts of different annular plate parameters on the ultimate bearing capacity. And also, the relationship between of them was summarized.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Large Space Shear Wall
Authors: Zhou Li Jian , He Jin Zhou , Huang Jing
Published: June 2012

This paper select the appropriate calculation and analysis models and examples, using finite element analysis software ANSYS to compare and analyze the dynamic properties of three large space shear walls of different thickness. The result indicated: the effects of the large space shear wall structure to torsion with the increase of wall thickness.
Research on the Working Performance of Dowel Bar during Horizontal Installation Errors
Authors: Peng Peng , Tian Bo , Niu Kai Min
Published: June 2012

Through the pullout test on dowel bar of different surface treatment modes and position deviation, the paper draws the conclusion that the plastic spraying treatment in different surface treatment modes can maximum meet the setting requirements of dowel bar, and the angular deviation of the dowel bar is the main reason for the cracking within the 50 centimeters of both sides of cement concrete pavement joint; Through the bending fatigue test, the paper evaluates the attenuation law of joint load transfer capacity under different horizontal installation error conditions(0°, 5°, 10° and 15°), and find that with the increase of dowel bar deviation angle, the initial joint load transfer capacity presents a rapid downward trend, and the performance of whole working period become worse and worse, when the angular deviation of dowel bar in the horizontal plane is not more than 5°, juncture load transfer capacity can still remain the medium level, which will not have too much influence on the working performance of dowel bar. Finally, the paper presents the looseness of dowel bar after 800,000 times of bending fatigue, and puts forward the control measures to avoid position deviation of dowel bar.
A Multiaxial Damage Statistic Constitutive Model for Concrete
Authors: Zheng Shan Suo , Li Wen Yong , Tao Qing Lin , Fan Yu
Published: June 2012

In order to apply the uniaxial damage evolution equation that established with the variable of strain to the multiaxial damage quantitative analysis, this paper bases on the Hsieh-Tang-Chen four-parameter failure criterion and adopts the way of making the triaxial equivalent strain combining with the uniaxial damage evolution equation to analyze and deduce the uniaxial damage evolution equation of SRHSHPC, and which is expanded to multiaxial condition as well. A function considered triaxial stress state and a related correction value are suggested, then, improving the damage evolution equation from triaxial to multiaxial form, finally proposing the multiaxial damage statistic constitutive equation for concrete, taking numerical simulation with the complete decoupling method and the result shows that the model is effective.
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Layered Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beam
Authors: Jing Hang , Li Yong Quan
Published: June 2012

A simplified finite element model for analysis of the Layered steel fiber beams with the concrete damaged plasticity model has been presented. The numerical simulation of load-deflection curve of layered steel fiber reinforced concrete beam under three-point loads is performed using ABAQUS. The results of simulation are generally in conformance with the experiment. The results of numerical simulation show that layered steel fiber has little contribution to the elastic capacity of concrete beam. But it can improve the ultimate bearing capacity of concrete beam obviously. The bending collapse style of layered steel fiber reinforced concrete beam is different from plain concrete beam evidently with obvious ductile characteristic.
Analysis on High Rates of Scaling and Salt Accumulation of 600MW Supercritical once-through Boiler
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ni , Li Xian Min , Li Chang Ming
Published: June 2012

The chemistry check-ups were reviewed in the first maintenance of 600 MW supercritical once-through boiler units in Henan. Several problems were found: (1) high rates of scaling on the waterwall and economizer; (2) high rates of salt deposition on the turbine blades; (3) the formation of salt deposits on blades were complicated; (4) corrosion of low pressure turbine blades in period of maintenance was a universal phenomenon; (5) FAC (flow-accelerated corrosion) were most frequent in HP heaters and HP drain lines in most fossil plants. The reasons have been analyzed and the suggestions have been provided.
Experimental Investigation on Four Types of Steel Plate Shear Walls
Authors: Li Feng , Li Shen , Wu Guan Nan , Wang Dong
Published: June 2012

The overall seismic performance of steel plate shear walls, including unstiffened SPSW, cross-stiffened SPSW, and SPSW with opening, SPSW with slits and holes, under low cyclic loading were tested. Contrastive analyze their hysteretic curve, loading capacity, lateral stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation coefficient. Results indicate that the unstiffened SPSW seem to be with high resistance lateral stiffness and carrying capacity; however its hysteretic curve show pinch effect obviously. When cross-stiffener was set on unstiffened SPSW, the resistance lateral stiffness and loading capacity can be significantly improved. However, the pinch effect of hysteretic curve does not distinctly change. The resistance lateral stiffness and loading capacity of SPSW with holes and slits is lower, however hysteretic curve is full. In addition, the energy dissipation capacity and the phenomenon which the thin steel plate shear wall shows the zero stiffness even negative stiffness at the point of zero displacement under cyclic loading are dramatically improved.