bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Security at Remote Monitoring of Human State
Authors: Buldakova T.I. , Mikov D.A. , Sokolova A.V.
Published: December 2020

The paper focuses on telemedicine systems for monitoring the human state and methods of protecting the transmitted data. To assess the state, biosignals are used, which are recorded by sensors and transmitted to a cloud medical information system. Based on the data obtained, a decision is made about the human state. Since the monitoring system works with restricted access information, it must be reliably protected. The study places an emphasis on possible information security threats for all components of the telemedicine system, analyzes various approaches to the protection of transmitted data in remote monitoring systems. It is noted that the existing methods are insufficient and additional methods of protecting the transmitted data are required. It is proposed to assess data security using the information risk management methods
A Comprehensive Algorithm for Detection, Identification of Naval Surface Forces and Target Allocation of Network-Centric Controlled Weapons
Authors: Voronov E.M. , Kuslya A.M. , Repkin A.L. , Sychev S.I. , Khamaev N.V. , Timofeev D.A.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study was to examine and solve the problem of detecting and identifying the objects of naval surface forces by a group of controlled weapons within the group using coordinates and the type of such objects. The main target of naval surface forces was determined according to the parameters of the frequency of detection of the objects by the group of controlled weapons and the reliability of identification of the objects of naval surface forces. A matrix for detecting the objects of naval surface forces by the group of controlled weapons has been formed and analyzed. The introduction of restrictions on the tactics of actions of the group of controlled weapons and on the coefficient of convolution of criteria in the task of target allocation makes it possible to ensure almost complete absence of intersections of trajectories of controlled weapons. On the basis of statistical modeling of the configuration of the systems and the corresponding probabilities of detection and identification, the effectiveness of the developed algorithm is shown. An example of a multi-stage calculation of one variant from a statistical series of experiments is given, followed by a preliminary assessment of target allocation by the group of controlled weapons in accordance with the current configurations of the group of weapons and naval surface forces. The multivariate analysis of the efficiency of the algorithm operation on various configurations of the systems showed a high degree of identification of the objects of naval surface forces in comparison with the existing algorithms. A range of values for the probabilities of identifying the types of the objects of naval surface forces by the group of controlled weapons has been identified, which provides an almost unambiguous determination of the main target of naval surface forces
Verification of Knowledge Obtained in the Study of Business Process Models
Authors: Devyatkov V.V. , Kadyrbaeva A.R.
Published: December 2020

The paper focuses on the method of formal verification of knowledge obtained in the study of business process models. As a formal language for the presentation and verification of business processes, a certain version of π-calculus was chosen, and linear temporal modal logic was chosen as a language for formulating test assignments, i.e., questions, to be checked. The paper gives the rationale for such choice, and considers the principles of developing the test assignments in the language of modal logic and their usage for knowledge verification. The study proposes to automate knowledge testing with logic programs obtained as a result of the transition from a description of business processes to a verification program in the logical programming language Visual Prolog. The formal knowledge verification technique is illustrated by examples of knowledge verification. Findings of research show how the transition from the description of business processes to the procedures of formal verification of knowledge is carried out. The prospects for the development of the proposed method are discussed
Investigation of Changes in Membrane Potential and Rhythmic Activity of the Retzius Neuron upon Stimulation of the Sensory P-Neuron
Authors: Kazakova T.A. , Yusipovich A.I. , Maksimov G.V.
Published: December 2020

It was found that in "natural neural networks", ganglia of the nervous system of a leech, the frequency of rhythmic excitation (a series of nerve impulses, RE) of one neuron is modulated upon activation of other neurons. Changes in the electrophysiological characteristics of the leech Retzius cell in response to electrical stimulation of one of the sensory neurons (P-cells) were revealed. Registration of changes in the membrane potential of neurons, as well as electrical stimulation of the P-cell was carried out using microelectrodes introduced into the cells. It was found that during electrical stimulation, P-cells increase the frequency of spontaneous RE of Retzius cells, the membrane potential of P-cells increases, but Retzius cells do not change. With an increase in the duration of stimulation, the RE frequency increases in both the P-cell and the Retzius cell. It has been found that RE Retzius cells, upon stimulation of P-cells, arise against the background of RE of the Retzius cell. Thus, during RE of sensory neurons and synaptic transmission to the Retzius cell, RE frequency modulation occurs. According to the authors, changes in the frequency of spontaneous RE of the Retzius neuron in the "natural neural network" are associated not only with a change in the RE frequency during excitation along nerve fibers from skin receptors, but also with the transformation of RE both between cells of one ganglion and between cells in different ganglia leech nerve chain
Thermal Reaction During Thermal Shock of a Massive Body with an Internal Cylindrical Cavity
Authors: Kartashov E.M. , Nenakhov E.V.
Published: December 2020

The paper examines mathematical models of thermal shock in terms of dynamic thermoelasticity and their application to specific cases during intense heating of a solid boundary. We introduce a stress compatibility equation for dynamical problems, generalizing the well-known Beltrami --- Mitchell relation for quasi-static cases. It is convenient to use this relation when considering numerous special cases in the theory of heat shock in Cartesian coordinates both for bounded bodies of a canonical form, i.e., an infinite plate, and for partially bounded bodies, i.e., space bounded from the inside by a flat surface. In the latter case, the obtained analytical solutions of dynamic problems of thermoelasticity lead to visual and convenient for physical analysis functional structures describing the kinetics of thermal stresses. For cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems, we propose a compatibility equation in displacements, which is convenient for studying the problem of thermal shock in bodies with a radial heat flux and under conditions of central symmetry. In the study, we singled out a class of problems in which the consideration of the geometric dimensions of a structure investigated for a thermomechanical reaction under conditions of intense heating concerns mainly the near-surface layers. According to the experimental results, it is these layers that absorb the main amount of heat during a time close to the beginning of heating, which corresponds to the time of the microsecond duration of the inertial effects. We investigated the thermal reaction of a massive body with an inner cylindrical cavity within the framework of dynamic thermoelasticity under various modes of intense heating of the cavity surface. Finally, we carried out numerical experiments and described the wave character of thermal stresses with the corresponding quasi-static values, and established the role of inertial effects in mathematical models of the theory of thermal shock
Simulation of intense heat-power effect of a gas environment for testing samples in a wide range of parameters
Authors: Mosolov S.V. , Partola I.S. , Kudinov A.S. , Yurchenko I.I. , Klimenko A.G. , Fedorov S.A.
Published: December 2020

The results of the work extend the available range of the parameters of gas acting on the samples of materials and coatings being tested under intense heat and power loads to study their properties and resource characteristics under stationary and pulsed exposure. A feature of the conditions proposed in this work for testing samples, distinguishing them from most common existing methods, is the simultaneous impact of a high temperature flux and high-pressure flow on the sample surface, the possibility of obtaining an oxidizing or reducing medium with different chemical compositions, as well as a pulsed cyclic effect on a material sample. The high performance of the experimental setup allows for up to 10 sample tests per day. To perform the research of the samples, a supersonic gas jet with nominal mode regimes was modeled. The jet was generated by gas dynamics facility through carbohydrate and oxygen mixture combustion and flow acceleration in Laval nozzle. Test sample can be positioned under various angles relative to the jet axis and on the desired distance from the nozzle edge. If necessary, the sample can be provided with measurement devices allowing measurements of temperature, heat flow and pressure. In order to provide a calibrated effect on the samples, the fields of jet parameters were studied using calibration plates provided with surface pressure sensors and thermocouples for determining heat fluxes. As a result, parameter fields of pressure, heat fluxes, pressure gradients, and friction stresses on the surface of samples were obtained depending on samples orientation and gas jet thermodynamic properties. Considering these field of parameters, tests can be performed to study the properties of materials. Metal and composite materials can be used as test samples as well as samples for testing the durability of coatings, multi-layer structures and protective fabric materials.
Planning the search for separating parts of the launch vehicle using a group of unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Goncharenko V.I. , Lebedev G.N. , Mikhaylin D.A.
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the processes of maintaining a special class of mobile objects, whose schedules are either given or require preassignment in order to maintain these objects at the right time and in the right place. The posed problem of planning the flight of a group of aerial vehicles is solved using a continuous form of dynamic programming, according to which the Bellman equation in partial derivatives corresponds to the optimality condition. An original approach to solving the problem of pre-flight and operational planning of actions of a group of unmanned aerial vehicles based on a genetic algorithm is proposed. The fundamental difference between the problem being solved and the well-known traveling salesman problem is in taking into account the required maintenance schedule. The developed planning automation tool makes it possible to increase the efficiency of measures to detect separating parts of launch vehicles using a group of unmanned aerial vehicles. Findings of research show that the developed genetic algorithm is better not only than algorithms based on one-parameter and two-parameter criteria, but even better than algorithms based on a three-parameter criterion.
Waldron y la dignidad: el problema del fundamento de los derechos humanos
Authors: Chávez-Fernández Postigo José Carlos
Published: December 2020

Desde hace poco más de diez años Jeremy Waldron viene trabajando en una concepción filosófico-jurídica de la dignidad que la concibe principalmente como «rango» o «estatus», y la entiende —no exclusiva, pero sí significativamente— como fundamento de los derechos humanos. Dicho enfoque se plantea como una vía alternativa a las concepciones rivales de la dignidad que se encuentran hoy disponibles en la literatura científica y en la jurisprudencia de las altas cortes, como la kantiana, la católica-romana y la dworkiniana. A través de esta investigación se intentará demostrar que, no obstante tener notables aciertos, la tesis waldroniana acerca de la dignidad tiene al menos tres problemas importantes vinculados al insuficiente esclarecimiento de su «idea subyacente», a los que llamaré aquí sintéticamente: el de la «debilidad», el de la «armonización-determinación» y el de la «secularidad». El objetivo será evidenciar que es posible ensayar una concepción de la idea subyacente a la dignidad como rango o estatus que, referida a una naturaleza humana de raigambre aristotélica y sin renunciar a los aspectos positivos del enfoque waldroniano, salga mejor librada de las dificultades señaladas.
A atuação da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos no que tange a grupos em situação de vulnerabilidade: Análise da Opinião Consultiva 24/2017
Authors: Hennig Leal Mônia Clarissa , Santos Lima Sabrina
Published: December 2020

O Sistema Interamericano de Proteção aos Direitos Humanos está inserido em um contexto de busca pela máxima proteção e garantia de direitos humanos. Assim, além de uma Constituição Federal que traz no seu bojo a vontade de concretizar direitos humanos e fundamentais, tem-se ainda um Sistema Global e um Sistema Regional de Proteção, o que evidencia a relevância e atualidade do tema. Partindo-se dessa premissa, trabalha-se neste artigo com os conteúdos que abarcam o direito à não-discriminação e à igual proteção perante a lei, especialmente a partir da lógica da função consultiva exercida pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Nesse sentido, tem-se como problema o seguinte questionamento: qual o posicionamento adotado na Opinião Consultiva 24/2017 pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, no que tange aos direitos da comunidade LGBT, enquanto grupo em situação de vulnerabilidade? Para tanto, utiliza-se o método de abordagem dedutivo, e objetiva-se, num primeiro momento, abordar a lógica de atuação da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, com foco na sua função consultiva; verificar os principais aspectos no que tange à proteção dos grupos em situação de vulnerabilidade sob a ótica da Convenção Americana; e, por fim, analisar criticamente a Opinião Consultiva 24/2017, emitida pela Corte, que versa sobre a proteção que deve ser conferida pelos Estados à comunidade LGBT. Conclui-se, ao final, que a Corte compreende que os Estados devem adotar medidas de proteção a esse grupo, evitando qualquer tipo de discriminação e erradicando, ou ao menos reduzindo, as violências que decorrem da identidade de gênero e sexual.
WOMEN IN EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Pramitha Devi
Published: December 2020

The capacity of women to become leaders has always been the main question questioned by various groups when the discourse on women's leadership develops in public, especially when debates are related to an Islamic perspective. For women who lead educational institutions, they must be able to lead the institution, be responsible for the achievement of the institution, and are also expected to become leaders and innovators in the institution. Besides that, one must also have leadership skills and human relations and leadership skills that are good to apply the model according to its characteristics, because the real success of an institution lies in the efficiency and effectiveness of the appearance of a leader. This study uses a qualitative approach to literature study methods. From the results of the author's analysis, it can be concluded that: (1) Women have the spirit, skills, and qualities that are not less than men; (2) Requirement for an educational leader is that the educational leader must be able to lead the organization/ institution, is responsible for the achievement of the organization/ institution, is also expected to be leaders and innovators in organizations/ institutions; and (3) both one's biological factor that men and women are not the main requirements in educational leadership
PIDANA PERINGATAN DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK
Authors: Ratomi Achmad , Lestari Rismaya Mutiara
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dasar pemikiran dianutnya pidana peringatan dalam pemidanaan terhadap anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum sebagaiamana yang terdapat di dalam Pasal 71 ayat (1) huruf a Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif atau doktrinal yaitu suatu proses untuk menemukan aturan hukum, prinsip-prinsip hukum maupun doktrin-doktrin hukum guna menjawab isu hukum yang dihadapi sehingga diperoleh argumentasi, teori atau konsep baru sebagai preskripsi dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa dasar pemikirannya dirumuskannya pidana peringatan sebagai salah satu jenis pidana untuk anak adalah sesuai dengan implementasi dari asas pelindungan, keadilan, kepentingan terbaik bagi Anak, kelangsungan hidup dan tumbuh kembang Anak, proporsional, perampasan kemerdekaan sebagai upaya terakhir dan penghindaran pembalasan. Asas ini merupakan asas dalam penyelenggaraan peradilan pidana anak sebagaimana diatur di dalam Pasal 2 UU SPPA.
Behavior Change for Low-Income Individuals Resulting From a Cooperative Extension Financial Capability Program
Authors: Tobe Erica , Eschbach Cheryl , Weber Robert , Ortquist Jinnifer , Hendrian William V.
Published: December 2020

An evaluation was implemented over a 3-year period to assess a statewide financial capability program for low-income, diverse clientele in Michigan. Pre- and post- program evaluation data was used to determine knowledge gain and intended behavior change. Follow-up evaluation data confirmed behavior changes across 10 financial practices. Using the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, research findings revealed participants were better able to maintain change in key financial practices including making wise money decisions, creating a spending plan, and managing debt as a result of the educational program. Recommendations are provided to support future programs with similar clientele.
Factors Associated With the Ownership of Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Magwegwe Frank M. , Lim HanNa
Published: December 2020

Despite the importance of retirement savings, many individuals retire with lack of adequate retirement savings. While calculating retirement savings needs was found to enhance retirement savings, little is known about what underlies this enhancement. Applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB), we developed a model in which psychological factors influence the calculation of retirement savings needs, which in turn influences the ownership of individual retirement accounts. Path analysis was used to test our model with data from the 2015 National Financial Capability Study. The results showed that favorable attitudes, strong social norms, and perceived behavioral control are associated with calculating retirement savings needs. Also, calculating retirement savings needs as well as perceived behavioral control and having an employer-based retirement plan, in turn, contributed to the prediction of individual retirement account ownership. Our results suggest it is important to understand he psychological factors behind calculating retirement savings needs and to make it easy for individuals to calculate those needs.
Smoothness and Gaussian Density Estimates for Stochastic Functional Differential Equations with Fractional Noise
Authors: Van Tan Nguyen
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study the density of the solution to a class of stochastic functional differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion. Based on the techniques of Malliavin calculus, we prove the smoothness and establish upper and lower Gaussian estimates for the density.
Results of studying technical means of train integrity monitoring
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Nikitin A. B. , Kushpil’ I. V. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Published: December 2020

The article describes a theoretical approach to solving the problem of train integrity monitoring by on-board means. The existing approaches and technical solutions in this area have been analyzed. Currently, no theoretical basis required for the design and operation of on-board train integrity monitoring systems exists. Topical theoretical studies have been carried out to identify general patterns and algorithms, as well as the synthesis of analytical models of the functioning of these systems. It has been established how an independent power source within the on-board train integrity monitoring system (depending on the operational features and errors occurring in the communication channel during data transmission) aff ects the traffi c control system and the section capacity. This is represented by the obtained mathematical models and dependency graphs. The results obtained will be useful in the design and operation of on-board train integrity monitoring systems and traffic control systems governed by satellite positioning rules.
Testing the systems with fuzzy discrete components
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, Speransky D. V. , Gorelik A. V. ,   Russian University of Transport, Zhuravlev I. A. ,   Russian University of Transport, Orlov A. V. ,   Russian University of Transport
Published: December 2020

Modern complex systems are build based on heterogeneous components with various interrela tionships, fuzziness, and uncertainty of the laws of functioning of the components and the system. An important class of such systems comprises hybrid intelligent systems, where the components are represented by analytical models of fuzzy objects, artifi cial neural networks, expert systems, etc. The article considers fuzzy discrete devices being, for example, part of hybrid systems. Fuzzy linear automata (FLA) introduced in the article are used as a mathematical model of such components. The problem of test synthesis for FLA used to detect faults in them is discussed. Normal single-stuck faults are permissible faults in FLA. The faults originating from the replacement of some elements of the FLA characteristic matrices with others (from a given set of alternative ones) are also permissible. Test synthesis methods for FLA belonging to the class of m-deterministic and synchronized automata, as well as arbitrary linear automata have been developed. The fi rst two methods are based on reducing the considered problem of solving systems of linear algebraic equations. It should be noted that there is a well-developed mathematical apparatus applying a few eff ective methods for searching for such solutions. The tests synthesized by these methods for m-deterministic and synchronized FLA are sufficiently short and do not exceed the memory depth of the corresponding automata. It is shown that the conditions for an FLA referring to the two fi rst classes mentioned above are not too strict. It is noted that the known methods of test synthesis for linear automata require compliance with much more stringent requirements. The synthesis method for arbitrary FLA also builds short tests
The features of the concurrent error-detection systems of combinational logic circuits based on the search for groups of symmetrically-independent outputs construction
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Sapozhnikov V. V. , Sapozhnikov Vl. V. ,   Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Efanov D. V. ,   “VEGA Group” LLC,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University,   Russian University of Transport
Published: December 2020

The authors of the article found that in the use of classical sum codes (Berger codes) and a some of their modifications in the combinational circuits testing organization it is possible to detect both unidirectional and part of non-unidirectional errors in the data vectors. It is shown that it is possible to search for such groups of outputs of combinational circuits where only symmetrical errors occur due to stuck at-faults of elements of the internal structure of the circuits. Such groups of outputs are designated as symmetrically-independent outputs (SI-groups of outputs). The conditions of belonging of the group of outputs of the combinational circuits to the SI-groups of outputs are determined. It is shown that each SI-group of outputs can be controlled using a separate testing subsystem based on the code with the detection of any non-symmetrical errors (in particular, and any non-symmetrical errors up to certain multiplicities). The ways of searching for SI-groups of outputs in the combinational circuits testing organization are presented
The Scientometrics of Journal “Bibliosphere”: analysis of tendencies and future development
Authors: Kosyakov Denis V. , Selivanova Irina V. , Lavrik Olga L.
Published: December 2020

The article presents the scientometric analysis of the journal Bibliosphere (founder – SPSTL SB RAS) for 15 years of its existence – from the first issue publication in 2005 to the end of 2019. The purpose of the article is to track changes in the quantitative bibliometric indicators of the journal in conjunction with both of the editorial policy and in the context of the journal’s mission – to increase the level of scientific research in the field of library and information science, book science, and bibliography and their integration into the world scientific space, to identify problematic issues and outline ways to solve them. The results of the analysis show that the recognition of the results of the research presented in the journal is gradually growing, however, this growth and the degree of integration of research into the international context is uneven. The most competitive are studies in the fields of library and information science, while the results in the field of book science often turn out to be unnoticed by colleagues not only abroad, but also in Russia.
Libraries of the world during the pandemic: a new experience and the first conclusions
Authors: Akdemir Asuman , Achechova Aglaé , Guichard Benjamin , Guskov Andrey E. , Lakhayeva Assel , Rakityanskaya Anna , Redkina Natalya S. , Roylance Alla , Serbina Galina N. , Einasto Olga , Yuryk Inna
Published: December 2020

The main theme of 2020 for libraries around the world is organizing the work under the constraints associated with COVID-19, which was confirmed by the results of information searches for articles in the world’s largest databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, etc.), which discuss actual problems of libraries’ activity during this period. Their solution is achieved by developing common approaches to challenges at the global level, sharing best practices and methods of working in a pandemic. The purpose of the article is to present the key reports presented in the cycle of online meetings entitled “Life of the world’s libraries during a pandemic”, organized by the State Public Scientific and Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science (SPSTL SB RAS). The article presents the experience of foreign and Russian libraries: Bibliothèque universitaire des langues et civilisations (France), the Libraries of New York University and Harvard Universities (USA), University of Tartu Library (Estonia), the National Library of the Republic of Turkey, the Scientific Library of the Belarusian National Technical University, Research Library of Tomsk State University and SPSTL SB RAS. The authors showed the activities of libraries to organize the work of employees and service users. As a result, it was determined that libraries choose different ways and methods of working with users, develop innovative services, expand the repertoire of information resources / products, take measures to ensure the safe work of employees, including remotely. It was emphasized that not all types of work could be transferred to a remote mode, and that required quick decisions on the redistribution of functions among employees and the мlaunch of new projects. It is concluded that librarians need to continue learning digital etiquette and gaining new skills and competencies for telecommuting.
Improving Land Cover Classification Using Genetic Programming for Feature Construction
Authors: Batista João , Cabral Ana , Vasconcelos Maria , Vanneschi Leonardo , Silva Sara
Published: December 2020

Genetic Programming (GP) is a powerful Machine Learning (ML) algorithm that can produce readable white-box models. Although successfully used for solving an array of problems in different scientific areas, GP is still not well known in Remote Sensing. The M3GP algorithm, a variant of the standard GP algorithm, performs Feature Construction by evolving hyper-features from the original ones. In this work, we use the M3GP algorithm on several sets of satellite images over different countries to create hyper-feature from satellite bands to improve the classification of land cover types. We add the evolved hyper-features to the reference datasets and observe a significant improvement of the performance of three state-of-the-art ML algorithms (Decision Trees, Random Forests and XGBoost) on multiclass classifications and no significant effect on the binary classifications. We show that adding the M3GP hyper-features to the reference datasets brings better results than adding the well-known spectral indices NDVI, NDWI and NBR. We also compare the performance of the M3GP hyper-features in the binary classification problems with those created by other Feature Construction methods like FFX and EFS.
Blueberry muffin syndrome in a newborn
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Ufimtseva M.A. , Bochkarev Yu.M. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Sabitov A.U. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Nikolaeva K.I. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Shubina A.S. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Komarov A.A. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Sorokina K.N. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Antonova S.B. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation,   Sverdlovsk Regional Dermatovenerology Dispensary, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

We report a case of blueberry muffin syndrome, a rare dermatosis that occurs during the neonatal period. This syndrome is particularly interesting because, despite similar clinical manifestations, it may have various pathological mechanisms and, therefore, requires differential diagnosis. Awareness of doctors of different specialties about clinical manifestations of blueberry muffin syndrome will ensure correct differential diagnosis, timely treatment initiation, no unnecessary therapy, and exclusion of malignant tumors in a child. Key words: neonatal period, blueberry muffin, intrauterine infection of the fetus, TORCH infections, extramedullary hematopoiesis
Principles of rational antibacterial preventive therapy in children after colorectal surgery
Authors:   A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Poddubny I.V. ,   Morozovskaya Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sytkov V.V. ,   A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Morozovskaya Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vorobyeva Yu.D. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shcherbakova O.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dronov I.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bykov M.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on the most important issues of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) in pediatric colorectal surgery. We have analyzed currently available Russian and foreign documents on PAP and its specific characteristics in pediatric practice and colorectal surgery. We have provided the most up-to-date recommendations on perioperative prevention of enterocolitis and strictures in children with Hirschsprung's disease. Key words: antibacterial preventive therapy, colorectal surgery, pediatric surgery, surgical wound infection
Intestinal permeability and gluten and casein intolerance in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors:   N.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Bavykina I.A. , Zvyagin A.A. ,   N.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Gusev K.Yu. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Pochivalov A.V. ,   N.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Objective. To analyze correlation between the level of intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP) and concentration of serological markers of gluten and casein intolerance in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Patients and methods. This study included 55 children aged between 3 and 15 years diagnosed with ASD. Twenty of them followed a gluten-free diet (GFD). All patients were tested for their serum levels of anti-gliadin IgG, anti-deamidated gliadin peptide IgA, anti-casein IgG, and anti-I-FABP IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To exclude selective immunodeficiency, we also measured total IgA level. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software. We have constructed a three-dimensional surface using paired samples correlations. Results. The level of I-FABP varied between 1.63 and 209 pg/mL (mean 63.54 ± 48.5 pg/mL); its concentration decreased with age (r = -0,786). Increased levels of anti-gliadin antibodies were observed in 17.1% of children with ASD; 73.5% of patients had elevated levels of anti-casein antibodies; none of participants had anti-I-FABP antibodies. Conclusion. After constructing a multidimensional surface for three parameters, we have found certain correlations between the parameters examined, which reflects the existing relationships between them. We suggest using multidimensional descriptive statistics as the basis for constructing relationship functions in further research. Key words: autism, diet therapy, serological markers, leaky gut syndrome, gluten intolerance
The biological role and clinical significance of leptin in pediatrics
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. , Kolosova A.D. ,   I.P.Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Novikova V.P. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The review is devoted to the study of the effects of leptin, as one of the most important hormones that regulate the body's vital processes. His participation in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and insulin levels in the blood was revealed; maintaining vascular tone; the formation of eating behavior (including newborns); sexual development, as well as a role in the occurrence of a predisposition or the development of a number of diseases. Enzyme and receptor systems by which leptin exerts its effects are presented. The results of leptin replacement therapy are considered and the goals of further study of the effects of this adipokine are outlined. Key words: leptin, leptin resistance, obesity, hunger, leptin receptor, bronchial asthma, children, leptin in pediatrics, endocrinology
Clinical laboratory features of influenza in children with obesity
Authors:   Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Petrova A.G. , Rychkova L.V. ,   Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Vanyarkina A.S. ,   Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Kelesheva I.Yu. ,   Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Moskaleva E.V. ,   Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Novikova E.A. ,   Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Objective. To determine the most general patterns of the clinical and laboratory course of seasonal influenza in children with obesity compared with normal weight children. Patients and methods. A retrospective comparative study of 117 medical records of children with influenza admitted from 2016 to 2019 to the Regional Infectious Diseases Hospital was conducted. The study included two groups of children with seasonal influenza: children with obesity (cases, n = 36) and children with normal weight (controls, n = 81). Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for influenza and other common respiratory pathogens by PCR. A comparative analysis of structure, prevalence and duration of main clinical symptoms and syndromes, occurrence of influenza complications, data of laboratory general, biochemical and instrumental methods of examination in children with and without obesity was carried out. Results. A prevalence of type A influenza virus (H1N1 sw2009) in all children regardless their body weight status was detected. Children with obesity were admitted to the hospital from out-patient department faster (p < 0.005), duration of their hospitalization were longer (p < 0.005). They had higher frequency of pneumonia (p > 0.05), ketoacidosis (p < 0.001). Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy was ordered more often in patients with obesity (p < 0.03). Hematologic factors of blood in children with obesity were defined by significantly higher level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.0006) and platelet level (p = 0.0032). Conclusion. Obesity is considered as an unfavorable factor which aggravates the course of influenza in children. Higher probability of complications in children with obesity and overweight defines the importance of development of additional approaches to the therapy and prevention of acute respiratory diseases in children. Key words: children, clinical symptoms, influenza, obesity, retrospective study
Assessment of the teachers’ level of knowledge about the principles of first aid for acute dental trauma
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Malanova O.A. , Gazaryan A.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Morozova N.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Mamedov A.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kozlitina Yu.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Lapshova A.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Objective. To evaluate the level of knowledge about dental trauma injury and first aid skills among teachers of educational institutions by means of a survey in Moscow, Russia. Materials and methods. A questionnaire, consisting of 4 parts and including 20 questions. Several questions have multiple answers. The survey accepted 56 people from 4 educational institutions. Results. The study indicated the knowledge level of teachers to be quite low. Early help reduces the risk of complications. Conclusions. It is necessary to educate teachers on the theoretical and practical skills for this group of pathologies, to conduct further clinical research. Key words: dental trauma injury, teacher, first aid
Latar Belakang Pendidikan Orang Tua dan Helicopter Parenting di Jakarta
Authors: Josephine Aprilia Maria , Doriza Shinta , Abdullah Mashabi Nurlaila
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang hubungan antara kondisi sosial ekonomi keluarga dengan helicopter parenting. Kondisi sosial ekonomi pada artikel ini antara lain: pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan pendapatan. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Populasi penelitian sebesar 4872 mahasiswa dengan menggunakan simple random sampling maka jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 356 responden. Hasil uji hipotesis data dengan menggunakan koefisien korelasi eta (Ƞ) menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan signifikan positif. Penelitian ini berimplikasi agar para orang tua tidak terlalu terlibat pada kehidupan anak. Anak dengan pola asuh seperti itu dapat menyebabkan anak menjadi tidak mandiri, tidak dapat bersosialisasi dengan baik, bahkan dapat terjerumus dalam obat-obatan terlarang.
The Fallacy of Follow-up: When Orthopaedic Trauma Patients Actually Return to Clinic
Authors: Agel Julie , Robertson Aaron J. , Novak Avrey A. , Hebert-Davies Jonah , Kleweno Conor P.
Published: December 2020

Update

This article was updated on April 15, 2021, because of a previous error. On page 474, in Table V, the row that had read “Distance (mi)” now reads “Distance* (mi).”

An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021 May 19;103(10):e44.

Background:

Clinical follow-up in orthopaedic trauma is challenging, yet expectations exist that a 1-year follow-up is the minimum requirement for clinical trials and research publications. The primary purpose of our study was to evaluate the rate of follow-up after operative orthopaedic trauma care and the relationship to clinical care. Our secondary aim was to identify any independent risk factors regarding follow-up completion.

Methods:

A chart review of patients operatively treated for a traumatic injury during the months of January and July 2016 was conducted. Patient demographic characteristics, injury type, severity, and patient distance from the hospital were collected. The final clinical instructions and whether a return visit was requested or as needed were recorded.

Results:

There were 293 patients in this study, of whom 84 (29%) had follow-up of at least 1 year and 52 (18%) were instructed to follow up only as needed at their last visit prior to the 1-year mark. When removing the latter 52 patients, the 1-year follow-up rate was 35% (84 of 241 patients). Of these 241 patients, 157 (65%) were requested to return for additional clinical care but failed to return prior to 1 year. Logistic regression identified tobacco use (odds ratio [OR], 0.34 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15 to 0.77]; p = 0.010), final appointment status (OR, 6.3 [95% CI, 3.4 to 11.6]; p < 0.001), isolated compared with multiple fractures (OR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.2 to 4.1]; p = 0.013), and distance from the trauma center per mile as a continuous variable (OR, 0.999 [95% CI, 0.998 to 1.0]; p = 0.03) as significant predictors.

Conclusions:

Our data suggest that a 1-year clinic follow-up requirement may not be feasible. We observed a low rate of patients with a minimum 1-year clinical follow-up. Clinical care had been completed in 18% of patients prior to 1 year. Journal and grant reviewers may need to consider the feasibility and clinical relevance of these follow-up expectations.
“I’m Very Happy in the Summer...”: S. F. Platonov’s Correspondence From Valuyki
Authors:   University at the EurAsEC Interparliamentary Assembly, Victor V. Mitrofanov
Published: December 2020

Scientific, administrative, teaching, educational activities of the outstanding Russian scientist S. F. Platonov have found reflection in numerous publications. His daily life, his behavior in an informal setting, in the family, during the vacation period are of great interest. Summer vacation of S. F. Platonov in 1909 in the district town of Valuyki continues to arouse interest among researchers. It attracts attention, first of all, by the archaeological excavation that was carried out here. Its results were the subject of analysis by the outstanding archaeologist A. A. Spitsyn, who wrote an article, the manuscript of which has been in the archive for over a hundred years. At the same time, a lot of inaccuracies and mistakes were made in the works of the Voronezh researchers who addressed the topic. An important direction of S. F. Platonov had a correspondence in the summer. While on vacation, S. F. Platonov continued to maintain active ties with his colleagues and institutions. Therefore, the place of rest was chosen taking into account the availability of postal services. Interesting archival materials have been identified that allow us to call new names of those who wrote to Valuyki, to outline the geography of sending letters. Among them are the chairman of the Tver province scientific archival commission I. A. Ivanov (Tver), Chairman of the Novgorod Society of Antiquity Lovers M. V. Muravyov (Novgorod), employee of the Archaeographic Commission V. V. Maikov (St. Petersburg), teachers of the Women’s Pedagogical Institute V. Volkovich and Z. Capital (Geneva). Most of the letters by S. F. Platonov from Valueki have been published, but they continue to come to light. One unfinished letter is published in the article. The letter allows us to concretize some little-known facts about the stay of the Platonov’s family in the district town of the Voronezh province. Keywords: S. F. Platonov, Valuyki, historiography, archival materials, archaeological excavation, correspondence
Actual Trends in the Latest Research of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz Archaeological Cultures
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature Ufa Federal Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vsevolod I. Lyasovich
Published: December 2020

Today, an understanding of the state of knowledge of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures is quite relevant for archaeologists of the Urals and Prikamye. A variety of scientific approaches to understanding the nature of the above cultures gave rise to a lot of questions and problems in the scientific literature relating to the reconstruction of the ancient history of the Southern Urals. This article cites and analyzes recent works related to the history of studying the antiquities of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures of the Southern Urals of the early Iron Age. Based on them, thematic historiographic blocks are identified and conceptual directions in the study of the above-mentioned cultures are determined. Today’s situation shows that in the field of studying the forest-steppe cultures of the Ural region of the Early Iron Age, certain scientific trends have developed, in which theoretical knowledge of the ancient history of this region is developing. Moreover, each of them touches upon a specific feature of the functioning of the Kara-Abyz and Pianobor archaeological cultures in the Early Iron Age in the Southern Urals. The author outlines six actual lines of development of studies of the above-mentioned cultures: 1) historiography; 2) natural science methods in archaeological research; 3) analysis of trade relations; 4) the introduction into the scientific circulation of excavation materials; 5) problems of chronology; 6) problems of the genesis and historical fate of archaeological cultures. In many cases, these theoretical developments of scientists overlap, forming a circle of problems and interests, creating discussions, or complementing each other’s scientific concepts. The latter trend allows us to form a unified system of knowledge and characteristics in understanding the historical development of the Pianobor and Kara-Abyz archaeological cultures. Keywords: Early Iron Age, pianoborskaya culture, kara-abyzskaya culture, South Ural, Pre-Ural, forest-steppes Pre-Ural, historiography