bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence and natural course of CT-detected pulmonary ground-glass nodules in Chinese women with breast cancer: a retrospective, single-center, long-term follow-up study in 4682 consecutive patients
Authors: Xu Hai , Pu Xue-Hui , Yu Tong-Fu , Shi Hai-Bin , Wu Yan-Ling , Xu Yi-Ming , Feng Qing
Published: June 2019

Background

Increased use of thin-section computed tomography (CT) scans has revealed that small lung nodules, termed ground-glass nodules, are frequent in primary breast cancer patients and are associated with pre-invasive or invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas. However, little is known of the incidence and fate of ground-glass nodules.

Purpose

To elucidate the incidence and natural course of CT-detected pulmonary ground-glass nodules in Chinese women with breast cancer.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data from female breast cancer patients who underwent lung CT scans and who were followed for ≥3 months after the initial scan to identify the incidence of ground-glass nodules and any changes in them during the follow-up period.

Results

Between January 2008 and April 2018, 693 out of 4682 breast cancer patients (14.8%) had persistent lung ground-glass nodules as detected by CT scan. The median age was 52 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 45–62 years). Median nodule size was 4.9 mm in diameter on initial CT scan. Frequency of growth was 7.5% (52/693 patients). Median volume doubling time was 1092 days (IQR = 719–1808 days) for 39 growing in size nodules. Initial nodule size, nodule type, and follow-up period were independent predictors of nodule growth.

Conclusion

Most pulmonary ground-glass nodules in breast cancer patients were stable during long-term follow-up; most growing nodules had an indolent clinical course, suggesting that nodules should be monitored until growth is detected. This information is clinically relevant for accurate diagnosis of cancer stage and for appropriate treatment plans for patients with lung ground-glass nodules.
Joel Kahn and an intercultural interpretation of Southeast Asian modernity
Authors: Goh Beng-Lan
Published: June 2019

Joel S. Kahn’s writings on Southeast Asian modernity are marked by an insistence on the inseparability and equality of Western and Southeast Asian thought and social–cultural experiences. His work explores continuities, breaks, and contradictions within and across each of these expansive worlds, showing omitted narratives to be no less constitutive of the modern. Drawing on conundrums over how to translate across irreducible sets of differences without taming difference under familiar or universal categories in my own study of radical politics in contemporary Malaysia, I explore how Kahn’s writings on Southeast Asian modernity provide a possible resolution to the problems of relativism and canonical predeterminations in the reconciliation of cultural difference. I argue that in a multipolar, uncertain, and divided age, Kahn’s work provides us with an inspiration to speak across spatially located ethical divides, bringing converging and contrasting critical outlooks together for mutual competition and enrichment of intercultural understandings of modern cultural diversity and human fulfillment without reinventing the place of power either in the West, Southeast Asia, or anywhere else.
Protection Versus Free Trade in the Free State Era: The Finance Attitude
Authors: Devlin Anna , Barry Frank
Published: June 2019

Belief in the benefits of industrial protection had long been a cornerstone of nationalist ideology. Cumann na nGaedheal followed a policy of selective protection while Fianna Fáil was ideologically committed not just to import-substituting industrialisation but to as high a degree of self-sufficiency as possible. The Departments of Finance and Industry and Commerce differed sharply on the costs and benefits of trade restrictions. This article explores the perspective of the Department of Finance and in particular that of J. J. McElligott, Assistant Secretary from 1923 and Secretary of the Department from 1927 to 1953. It demonstrates the strong continuity between his position and that of T. K. Whitaker, who became Secretary in 1956 and whose 1958 report on Economic Development is widely credited with providing the intellectual foundation for the trade liberalisation process of the following decades.
Impact of Utilizing Construction Engineering and Inspection Consultants on Highway Construction Project Cost and Schedule Performance
Authors: Li Ying , Al-Haddad Sara , Taylor Timothy R. B. , Goodrum Paul M. , Sturgill Roy E.
Published: June 2019

State transportation agencies (STAs) are tasked with constructing and maintaining complex transportation networks while facing changes in agency construction staff with respect to age, experience level, turnover, retirement, and increasing levels of consulting services that are used to manage STA construction operations. To keep up with the increasing demands of projects, STAs are utilizing Construction and Engineering Inspection (CEI) consultants to fill the demand for construction-related human resources. However, the impact of using CEIs on project cost and schedule performance has not been quantified. The current work addresses this knowledge gap by analyzing a database of 305 completed highway construction projects across 16 STAs. The analysis found that projects that utilized CEI consultants had higher levels of full-time equivalent construction staffing than projects that utilized only agency staff. The use of CEI consultants had no impact on project cost compared with projects that relied solely on agency staff. Projects that used CEI consultants had an average cost overrun of 20.2% compared with agency-staffed projects, which experienced average schedule overruns of −7.7% (i.e., the project, on average, finished early). The schedule difference was statistically significant.
Considerations for using the 4 mm Plate Geometry in the Dynamic Shear Rheometer for Low Temperature Evaluation of Asphalt Binders
Authors: Hajj Ramez , Filonzi Angelo , Rahman Syeda , Bhasin Amit
Published: June 2019

The low-temperature properties of asphalt binder have attracted attention in recent years thanks to an increase in the use of reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP). Traditional methods to evaluate the low-temperature properties of the binder require a large amount of binder that needs to be recovered from RAP samples for testing with a Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). To economize on sample size for RAP materials and also for emulsion residues, previous researchers have explored the potential of using a 4 mm diameter specimen with a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) in lieu of the BBR. To compare results from frequency sweep tests conducted using the DSR with results from the BBR, data from the former need to be converted to time domain and subsequently from a shear load response to an axial load response. Previous research studies have developed methods to accomplish these two conversions to compare data from the DSR with data from the BBR. The objective of this study is to examine some of these methods from the literature and elsewhere based on the principles of linear viscoelastic interconversion using a set of 11 different binders. Results using different analytical approaches from this study show that the DSR has good repeatability and verify that it can be used as a surrogate for the BBR to determine low-temperature properties, while exercising some caution with some of the assumptions related to Poisson’s ratio.
Umwelt-measures. On extensive and intensive measures: Introduction to the special issue ‘Theorising measures, rankings and metrics’
Authors: Brighenti Andrea Mubi
Published: June 2019

In modern science, we usually associate value with a numerical determination – such as, for instance, the value of the Planck constant. However, once we examine value as a co-original facet of measure, we are led to distinguish – with Spinoza – what we could call the natura naturans of measure from what we understand by measurement as its natura naturata. First, I discuss the tensions and the connections between the extensive side of measures ( molis, magnitude) and their intensive side ( virtus, worth) to provide a preliminary map for plotting the relations between measures and the social–moral–technical environments where they are performed. The second part of the text presents the articles in this special issue, highlighting how they tackle the social ecology of measures drawing from distinct theoretical lineages.
Are We Innovative? Increasing Perceptions of Nonprofit Innovation Through Leadership, Inclusion, and Commitment
Authors: Brimhall Kim C.
Published: June 2019

Innovation is particularly important for the sustainability, functioning, and improvement of public and nonprofit organizations. Researchers have called for the examination of how leaders can foster innovation in the nonprofit context. This study examined whether climate for inclusion and affective commitment were key mechanisms by which transformational leadership increased perceptions of innovation in a diverse nonprofit health care organization. Data were collected at three points in 6-month intervals from a U.S. nonprofit hospital. Longitudinal multilevel path analysis revealed transformational leaders increase perceptions of nonprofit innovation through helping every organizational member feel valued as an important member of the group and appreciated for their unique personal characteristics (fostering a climate for inclusion). Inclusion increases organizational members’ emotional attachment to the organization (affective commitment), which then enhances favorable perceptions of innovation wherein members feel comfortable sharing their ideas and perspectives with one another (critical to workplace innovation).
Measuring Congruence in Problem Definition of Latino Patients and Their Psychotherapists: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Vargas Sylvanna M. , John Richard S. , Garro Linda C. , Kopelowicz Alex , López Steven R.
Published: June 2019

The current study developed a mixed-methods coding scheme to explore the degree of correspondence between Latino patients’ and their psychotherapists’ descriptions of the presenting problems. We interviewed 34 patients and clinicians (17 dyads) following an initial therapy session. Using a theoretical thematic approach, we generated a list of problem areas reported in participants’ descriptions. Independent coders reliably rated the presence and salience of these problems using a quantitative index. We then statistically estimated the fit between corresponding narratives. We found poor congruence across dyads’ descriptions of all problem areas, with two exceptions. We also noted patterns of incongruences, primarily characterized by therapists providing explanations that went beyond what their patients said. This study provides an innovative objective approach to estimate the nuanced degrees of concordance within dyads’ narratives. Our findings provide initial evidence of poor match between views held by Latino patients and their clinicians.
Chronic Insomnia in Patients With Parkinson Disease: Which Associated Factors Are Relevant?
Authors: Sobreira-Neto Manoel Alves , Pena-Pereira Márcio Alexandre , Sobreira Emmanuelle Silva Tavares , Chagas Marcos Hortes Nisihara , de Almeida Carlos Maurício Oliveira , Fernandes Regina Maria França , Tumas Vitor , Eckeli Alan Luiz
Published: June 2019

Background:

Insomnia complaints are frequent in Parkinson disease (PD), affecting up to 55% of patients. Factors related to insomnia in PD are multifactorial and may be associated with the degenerative process of the disease, comorbidities related to aging, and medication use. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with the presence of chronic insomnia in patients with PD.

Method:

A cross-sectional study was performed involving 63 consecutive patients with PD from an outpatient clinic. Participants underwent clinical interviews with neurologists and a psychiatrist and were assessed with standardized scales (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and, for individuals with a diagnosis of restless legs syndrome(RLS)/Willis-Ekbom disease (WED), the International RLS/WED grading scale) and video-polysomnography.

Results:

The main factors associated with chronic insomnia in PD were the habit of staying in bed without sleeping, large rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, high Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, and absence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Conclusion:

Insomnia in PD is related to specific factors including inadequate sleep habits, REM sleep latency, absence of OSA, and quality of sleep.
Psychosocial and Cognitive Performance Correlates of Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Help-Seeking Versus Non-Help-Seeking Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Lubitz Alexander F. , Eid Michael , Niedeggen Michael
Published: June 2019

The clinical use of subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) has been questioned, especially when considering the influence of depression. Further problems describe the registration of SCCs with a focus on memory and different sample selections, with only few studies that directly compare those who seek help because of SCCs and community-dwelling adults. The present study aimed to (1) evaluate differences in psychosocial variables in help-seeking adults and community-dwelling adults with a lower level of complaints and (2) to further explore the relationship between SCCs and cognitive performance in help-seekers. Fifty-five help-seeking adults (HS) were compared to 55 age-, sex-, and education-matched non-help-seeking adults (NHS). Multiple regression analyses revealed that depressive symptoms were linked to experiencing more SCCs mainly in NHS. Altogether, less variance was explained by psychosocial variables in HS, whereas adding cognitive variables—especially divided attention performance—led to a substantial increase in explained variance. Mediation analysis further revealed a possible mediation of depressive symptoms on SCC by divided attention performance. Taken together, our results underpin the importance of assessing SCCs comprehensively to detect a functional relationship between cognitive performance and complaints, especially in HS. In this group, it is likely that depression precedes problems in divided attention, which in turn lead to SCC. Therefore, future studies should further investigate the link between SCC and cognitive functions which rely on more cognitive resources, as these might be first to be affected by cognitive decline.
Does Career Resilience Promote Subjective Well-Being? Mediating Effects of Career Success and Work Stress
Authors: Han Yu (Jade) , Chaudhury Tasnuva , Sears Greg J.
Published: June 2019

Drawing on the “top-down” view of life satisfaction, this study investigates the influence of employee career resilience on life satisfaction and examines mediating effects of indicators of career success (i.e., salary, job level, job satisfaction) and work-related well-being (i.e., work stress) on this relationship. Data were collected from a sample of 527 working professionals from various organizations across the central United States. Results revealed that career resilience was positively associated with life satisfaction. Two indicators of career success (job satisfaction and salary) and work stress were found to mediate this relationship. Taken together, these findings signal that career resilience contributes to employee subjective well-being and that both career success and work stress are instrumental in explaining this relationship.
Origins of child rights governance: The example of early child labour legislation in the United States and Brazil
Authors: Schneider Nina
Published: June 2019

Adopting a historical and comparative perspective and moving beyond the North–South divide in the historical literature on child rights governance, this article contrasts the first enduring national anti-child labour laws in the United States and Brazil – the US Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and the Brazilian Minor’s Code ( Código de Menores) of 1927. It identifies key political structures that conditioned these laws, and examines how these influenced the timing, scope, clustering, and impact of early child rights legislation.
Governing adolescent mobility: The elusive role of children’s rights principles in contemporary migration practice
Authors: Bhabha Jacqueline
Published: June 2019

Child migration is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon spanning continents, age groups, and family patterns governed by two intersecting but not overlapping governance regimes. One of these two regimes is the migration regime, designed to uphold sovereign state borders and manage migration flows. The other is the child rights regime, a governance framework that privileges the protection of the best interests of the child. This article focuses on the mobility of adolescents, their needs, their challenges, and the implications of the complex and sometimes contradictory governance regimes impinging on these youthful migrations.
European Union’s external strategies for the rights of the child
Authors: von Bahr Johanna
Published: June 2019

This article offers the first quantitative analysis of European Union external strategies for children’s rights. Drawing on original data, it finds that European Union diplomatic pressure and economic aid have increased over time but that the European Union still lacks independent policy positions on children’s rights. European Union strategies target states to different degrees and international non-governmental organizations are favoured over domestic organizations. Findings suggest that the European Union is becoming a more significant actor of child rights governance, underscoring the value of a comparative approach.
Child rights governance: An introduction
Authors: Holzscheiter Anna , Josefsson Jonathan , Sandin Bengt
Published: June 2019

In this special issue, we explore child rights governance as the intersection between the study of governance and the study of children, childhood, and children’s rights. Our introduction puts forward a set of theoretical points of departure for the study of child rights governance, engaging with scholarship on human rights, international relations, history, and governance. It links the individual contributions to this special issue with four central dimensions of child rights governance, namely: temporality, spatiality, subjectivity, and normativity.
Why historicize rights-subjectivities? Children’s rights, compulsory schooling, and the deregulation of child labor in India
Authors: Balagopalan Sarada
Published: June 2019

How might we interpret the continuing inability of most marginal populations in the majority world to make claims based on the legal guarantees made available by the new regime of child rights governance? Through a focus on India, this article attempts to answer this question by foregrounding the critical contribution that historicizing rights-subjectivities in postcolonial contexts can make to our current research. It combines postcolonial theory with an analysis of post-independence policy-making and utilizes these frameworks to more critically read the recent paradoxical move to deregulate child labor in India. By disclosing how contemporary logics of child rights governance both reproduce existing heirarchies and legitimize new exclusions, the article’s central argument is that incorporating the differential working out of citizenship is essential to developing a more politicized reading of the structural exclusions that mark child rights governance within postcolonial contexts.
Overcoming Exclusion in Eastern Orthodoxy: Human Dignity and Disability from a Christological Perspective
Authors: Maican Petre
Published: June 2019

‘The Russian Orthodox Church’s Basic Teaching on Human Dignity, Freedom and Rights’ has been a constant source of controversy since its release in 2008. While most scholars debated the document for its political implications, little attention has been paid to its anthropological consequences, particularly those deriving from linking a dignified life with the ethical use of freedom. The article highlights that if the sole criteria for living a dignified life is freedom then the most vulnerable categories in society (persons with severe cognitive disabilities or those struggling with addictions) can claim only basic dignity. Engaging constructively with the work of Romanian theologian Dumitru Stăniloae, it will be argued that the source of human dignity is not a specific capacity, but the recapitulation of all human beings in Christ’s death and resurrection. The dignity that belongs to Christ is transferred through recapitulation to all humans irrespective of their abilities or sins. In fact, what changes with the use of freedom is not the dignity of the person, but our ability to perceive that dignity.
Long-term climate, vegetation and fire regime change in a managed municipal water supply area, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Brown KJ , Hebda NJR , Schoups G , Conder N , Smith KAP , Trofymow JA
Published: June 2019

Post-glacial climate, vegetation and fire history were reconstructed from a sediment record from Begbie Lake, British Columbia, Canada, located in a municipal water supply area servicing > 350,000 people. Watershed managers have identified wildfire as a threat to water supply and seek to understand how vegetation and fire have varied through time with climate. In the cold late-glacial, open Pinus woodlands, periodically disturbed by fire, transitioned to mixed conifer forests subject to high-severity fire. The early Holocene is of interest to watershed managers because climate was warmer and drier than present. During this interval, low streamflow, abundant fire-adapted taxa, elevated background charcoal and regional increases in biomass burning indicate that fire seasons were longer and that fire was an important disturbance mechanism. Climate moistened in the mid Holocene, facilitating canopy closure and decreased fire disturbance. However, surface fires prevailed in Quercus ecosystems, which were expanding locally. Charcoal increased between 6180–2500 cal yr BP as climate further cooled and moistened, likely reflecting human activity and/or increased climate variability. Modern conditions arose within the last few millennia, impacted most recently by European settlement. In combination with paleoclimate modelling, modern management practices and forecast simulations, the Begbie Lake record informs about ecosystem changes within the watershed, yielding insights for management.
Effect of butein and glucose on oxidative stress and p38 activation marker in non-small cell lung cancer cell
Authors: Zhang C , Zong X , Han Y
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Tumor microenvironment is known to alter the anticancer drug efficiency. One of the factors that get altered in cancer microenvironment is glucose concentration. Butein, an active principle from plant, known to have anticancer effect against different types of tumor. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of butein on glucose exposed non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCCs).

Methods:

The current study deals with the effect of butein (6.25–50μM) on NSCLCCs treated with different concentrations (0–40 mM) of glucose.

Results and discussion:

Glucose concentration, 0 mM and 40 mM, was found to be lethal at 72 h. Viable cell numbers were statistically increased in 5-mM, 10-mM, and 20-mM glucose-treated cells. Butein at 12.5 µM inhibits ( p < 0.05) glucose-induced cell proliferation. Butein inhibits glucose-induced proliferation through DNA damage and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was elevated in 20-mM glucose-treated cells when compared to 5-mM glucose-treated cells, whereas butein treatment further increases glucose-induced mitochondrial ROS. Pharmacological inhibitor of glycolysis, such as 2-deoxy glucose (2-DG), was found to inhibit ( p < 0.05) glucose-induced cells proliferation. Furthermore, 2-DG and butein showed synergistic anticancer effect. Butein treatment increases p38 phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38 phosphorylation and antioxidant pretreatment partially revert the glucose-induced cell proliferation. However, inhibition of p38 phosphorylation combined with antioxidant pretreatment completely reverts the anticancer effect of butein. The present study concludes through the evidence that butein could serve as a potential anticancer compound in tumor microenvironment.
Spectrum of cutaneous lupus erythematosus in South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Koch K , Tikly M
Published: June 2019

Background

Cutaneous involvement is very common in systemic lupus erythematosus. We describe the prevalence and spectrum of lupus-specific (cutaneous lupus erythematosus) and non-specific cutaneous features amongst mostly black South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Patients and methods

A retrospective record review of 298 South Africans (262 blacks and 36 non-blacks) with systemic lupus erythematosus was carried out. Cutaneous features were classified according to the Gilliam and Sontheimer classification of cutaneous lupus.

Results

Most (81.5%) patients were black African females. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis and follow-up duration were 35.0 (11.8) and 8.0 (5.9) years, respectively. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus was seen in 76.1% of patients, mainly chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus with the discoid lupus erythematosus subtype seen in 52.1% of patients. Acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus was seen in 30.2% of patients and was more common in non-blacks than blacks (odds ratio = 3.8 (1.9–7.9)); localized acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus was more common than generalized acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (odds ratio = 2.6 (1.6–4.4)). Non-specific cutaneous features occurred in 77.2%, with oral/nasal ulcers and Raynaud’s phenomenon each occurring in approximately 40% of patients. Diffuse melanonychia at initial diagnosis was present in 37.4% of patients and was more common in blacks than non-blacks (odds ratio = 3.1 (1.3–7.3)). Acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus was associated with renal disease (odds ratio = 2.8 (1.6–4.7)) and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus with arthritis (odds ratio = 2.02 (1.24–3.29)). Diffuse melanonychia was associated with less renal disease and anti-dsDNA antibody positivity (odds ratio = 0.4 (0.3–0.7) and 0.4 (0.2–0.6), respectively) and significantly lower lupus severity index scores (mean (SD) = 5.99 (1.11) vs 6.56 (1.36) in patients with no melanonychia, p < 0.05)).

Conclusion

In this study of South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus, the skin was the most commonly affected organ. In general, cutaneous lupus erythematosus was associated with less severe systemic disease. Acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus was less common in blacks, whereas discoid lupus erythematosus was more common than reported in Caucasians. Diffuse melanonychia was a distinctive finding and was associated with milder systemic disease.
The (mis)recognition of diversity in Italy between policy and practice: The case of Milan
Authors: Angelucci Alba , Marzorati Roberta , Barberis Eduardo
Published: June 2019

The article analyses the discourses, strategies and daily practices about diversity in Milan, Italy, framing them at different scales: (a) the national model of integration; (b) the city-level debate and policy framework about diversity; (c) the neighbourhood-level initiatives addressing (directly or indirectly) diversity; (d) representations and narratives about diversity among the residents of two neighbourhoods in the city. Drawing on qualitative research conducted between 2013 and 2015 with 33 interviews with key officials and policymakers and 52 interviews with inhabitants of two neighbourhoods in Milan, this work aims at disentangling how multi-scalar representations intertwine and intersect, to what extent the different scales influence each other and with what consequences on the multi-level governance of urban diversity. Considering both the bottom-up and the top-down perspectives, the results will highlight the detachment between people’s narratives and representations and the local and national frameworks of discourses and policy practice, especially focusing on the reasons for and consequences of this detachment, and on the role that the meso level of local initiatives has in connecting the macro and the micro levels. The focus on the meso level allows one to underline the weaknesses and potentialities of the urban policy level in fostering the production of an institutional environment that is able to acknowledge and promote diversity.
Do Audit Fees Adjust Quickly?—Evidence from India
Authors: Biswas Shreya
Published: June 2019

The article empirically analyses the partial adjustment in audit fees for top 500 National Stock Exchange-listed firms in India during 2004–2015. The findings indicate that firm characteristics have low explanatory power in predicting year-on-year changes in audit fees in accordance with sticky price literature in economics. We also find evidence of stickiness in audit prices with respect to changes in firm size which is in line with the signalling and credence good theories. The downward stickiness in audit fee may indicate overcharging in the market. However, audit fee stickiness ceases to exist for the set of group firms, highlighting the importance of ownership structure in affecting firm outcomes in India. Recognizing stickiness is important for managers, as it has implications for the audit fee negotiation process.
The Living Wage in the UK: testing the limits of soft regulation?
Authors: Johnson Mathew , Koukiadaki Aristea , Grimshaw Damian
Published: June 2019

This article critically evaluates the mixed fortunes of the Living Wage in the UK since its introduction in London nearly 20 years ago. The evidence shows that the gains in hourly pay have been significant, and have been achieved at little or no cost to jobs or working hours. An adequate living wage is therefore a necessary factor in reducing labour market inequality and eradicating in-work poverty. However, the UK case demonstrates that a living wage is not a sufficient factor in the absence of both a coordinated approach for universal implementation and linkages with effective collective bargaining. Poor coordination explains the very low proportion of low-wage workers covered by a voluntary Living Wage. Weak links with collective bargaining mean that even where a Living Wage is introduced by a low-wage employer, further positive wage ripple effects (e.g. by sustaining wage differentials) are rare. The argument advanced here is that while employers increasingly perceive voluntary accreditation with the Living Wage Foundation as an important symbol of ‘business ethics’, the Living Wage remains a relatively isolated wage-setting instrument in the UK. This is the result not only of the voluntarist nature of the campaign but also of the limited scope for direct interaction with other wage-setting mechanisms in the UK, despite evidence of positive complementarity between a living wage and collectively bargained pay structures. The article concludes by exploring different mechanisms through which the Living Wage could be extended and embedded across low-wage labour markets.
Governance and accounting practices in hybrid organizations: Insights from a sixteenth-century charity in Venice
Authors: Lusiani Maria , Vedovato Marco , Pancot Chiara
Published: June 2019

This article explores governance and accounting practices in hybrid organizations. Currently, hybrid organizations represent an increasingly pervasive phenomenon, but their role has also been central in the past. To achieve this aim, we consider the case of a charity, the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, as its activity grew in scope and complexity during the sixteenth century in the Republic of Venice. The Scuole Grandi represents a form of hybrid organizations because these charities were privately managed, but publicly regulated. They shared a devotional orientation and performed de facto welfare functions in progressive integration with the State. Based on an analysis of balance sheets and administrative documents, this article aims to discuss the role of governance and accounting in enabling hybrid organizations to operate through multiple logics.
Design Thinking in Technical and Professional Communication: Four Perspectives
Authors: Pope-Ruark Rebecca
Published: June 2019

In this special issue, we explore design thinking as a broad conceptual process as well as a tool that might align with the work of technical and professional communication (TPC) programs. But what is design thinking? What are the benefits and drawbacks of the process? Can design thinking be used to help students address rhetorical challenges and complex problems? How is design thinking showing up in the field, and does it belong in TPC programs? Four scholars explore these questions in their niche areas: process, usability and user design, technical communication, and industry and programmatic perspectives.
Iterating the Literature: An Early Annotated Bibliography of Design-Thinking Resources
Authors: Pope-Ruark Rebecca , Moses Joe , Tham Jason
Published: June 2019

As discussed throughout this special issue, interest in design thinking as a process, a set of mind-sets and practices, and also a potential addition to writing studies and technical and professional communication (TPC) program curricula has increased recently, opening discussions about the rhetorical nature of design-thinking practices. Does design thinking align with the already rhetoric scholarship on design in TPC? In this working bibliography, we pull together literative from across disciplines, popular media, and higher education media to examine design thinking from a variety of angles and to offer a starting point for peers interested in learning more.
Predictors of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction in Individuals With Cleft Palate Following Surgical Maxillary Advancement: Clinical and Tomographic Assessments
Authors: de Medeiros-Santana Maria Natália Leite , Perry Jamie L. , Yaedú Renato Yassutaka Faria , Trindade-Suedam Ivy Kiemle , Yamashita Renata Paciello
Published: June 2019

Objective:

To investigate whether morphofunctional velopharyngeal aspects may be considered predictors of appearance or worsening of hypernasality in patients with cleft palate after surgical maxillary advancement (MA).

Design:

Prospective.

Setting:

National referral center for cleft lip and palate rehabilitation.

Participants:

Fifty-two patients with repaired cleft palate, skeletal class III malocclusion, and normal speech resonance completed speech audio recordings and cone-beam computed tomography examination before (T1) and, on average, 14 months after (T2) MA.

Interventions:

Hypernasality was rated by 3 experienced speech-language pathologists using a 4-point scale and morphofunctional aspects on a 3-point scale. Cone-beam computed tomography image measurements were performed using Amira and Dolphin 3D software. For each velopharyngeal morphofunctional aspect analyzed, patients were compared according to the absence (G1) and presence (G2) of postoperative hypernasality.

Main Outcome Measures:

Comparison of hypernasality scores between T1 and T2 and association between hypernasality and each velopharyngeal morphofunctional aspect.

Results:

Significant difference was observed between T1 and T2 for hypernasality ( P = .031) and between G1 and G2 ( P = .015) for velar mobility, with significant association between this variable and hypernasality on T2 ( P = .041).

Conclusions:

Levator veli palatini mobility influenced the appearance of hypernasality after MA.
Neurath’s boat and the Sally-Anne test: Life, Cognition, Matter and Stuff
Authors: Harvey Inman
Published: June 2019

Making sense of the world around us is likened to the task of staying afloat on a stormy sea while rebuilding our craft of ideas and concepts as we go. This metaphor is pursued through successive stages of cognitive development, and more sophisticated appreciation of multiple perspectives; from pre-theoretical to folk science to the theoretical, from individual to social to inter-subjective agreement. This inescapably generates reflections on the relationships between embodied and situated Life and Cognition.
The Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients Prescribed Regular U-500 Insulin
Authors: Meade Lisa T. , Mannka Morgan L.
Published: June 2019

Background: Only 2 small studies have examined the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists with U-500 insulin, with mixed results. Moreover, there are no studies to our knowledge that have investigated use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors with U-500 insulin therapy. Objective: This research was designed to determine the effectiveness of GLP-1 agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients already taking U-500 insulin. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients using U-500 insulin to which a GLP-1 agonist or SGLT-2 inhibitor was added as their treatment protocol. The primary outcome measure was change in glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) after 3 to 6 months on the additional therapy. Secondary outcomes included A1C change at 12 months, changes in total daily dose (TDD) of U-500 insulin, body mass index (BMI) and body weight from baseline, and episodes of hypoglycemia. Results: A total of 17 patients were included in the review. The combination of a GLP-1 agonist and/or SGLT-2 inhibitor with U-500 insulin resulted in significant reductions in A1C (0.84%, P = 0.004) and TDD of U-500 insulin (33.5 units, P = 0.031) at the 3- to 6-month interval. Furthermore, statistically significant decreases in mean BMI and body weight were observed 12 months postbaseline. Hypoglycemia occurred in the majority of patients (64.7%). Conclusion and Relevance: This is the first study to examine SGLT-2 inhibitors in combination with U-500 insulin therapy. Clinically, the addition of a GLP-1 agonist and/or SGLT-2 inhibitor can improve A1C and decrease TDD, BMI, and body weight.
Prognostic Value of the PARIS Thrombotic Risk Score for 2-Year Mortality After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Zhao Xueyan , Li Jianxin , Tang Xiaofang , Xian Ying , Jiang Lin , Chen Jue , Gao Lijian , Gao Zhan , Qiao Shubin , Yang Yuejin , Gao Runlin , Xu Bo , Yuan Jinqing
Published: June 2019

The Patterns of non-Adherence to Anti-Platelet Regimen in Stented Patients (PARIS) thrombotic risk score is a novel score for predicting the risk of coronary thrombotic events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We assessed the prognostic value of this score for mortality in patients with PCI. In this prospective, observational study, we enrolled 10 724 consecutive patients underwent PCI. The primary end point was all-cause death and the secondary end point was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, stent thrombosis, or stroke. Among 9782 patients without in-hospital events, a total of 97 deaths and 1002 MACCE occurred during the 2-year follow-up. The mortality risk of patients in the high-risk group was 2.31 times higher than that in the low-risk group (hazard ratio, 2.31; P = .001). This risk score showed prognostic value in evaluating mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.607; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.551-0.663) and MACCE (AUROC, 0.544; 95% CI, 0.526-0.563; both P < .001). The prognostic value of mortality was higher than that of MACCE (Z = 2.09, P = .04). The PARIS thrombotic risk score shows modest prognostic value for mortality and MACCE, and the prognostic value of mortality is better than that of MACCE.
Identifying and Supporting Black Male Students in Advanced Mathematics Courses Throughout the K-12 Pipeline
Authors: Davis Julius , Anderson Christian , Parker Wil
Published: June 2019

Black male students are underrepresented in advanced mathematics programs and courses. White adults and students are the primary beneficiaries of these specialized mathematics options, thereby making them White institutional spaces. There has been a call to focus on the underrepresentation of Black male students in advanced mathematics courses. This article examines the scholarly literature about Black male students’ mathematical experiences. We conclude by providing recommendations for increasing Black male students’ representation in specialized mathematics spaces and how to use the knowledge to transform their lives and community.
Mexican Immigrant Women’s Reconstruction of Punishment and Victimhood in Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Ramirez Blanca , Thacker Thomas Devon
Published: June 2019

Utilizing 20 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with Mexican immigrant women in Southern California, we argue that participants employ a bifocal lens to develop perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV). By drawing on existing knowledge from Mexico as reference points, the findings show that participants construct law enforcement as the appropriate intervention in the United States. As a result, they construct new norms for victims on how to address IPV. Ultimately, this research suggests that perceptions of laws and law enforcement as change agents in ending IPV within the United States may create, in fact, a false sense of security in Mexican immigrant women.
Bringing People Together: Improving Intergroup Relations via Group Identity Cues
Authors: Martinez-Ebers Valerie , Calfano Brian Robert , Branton Regina
Published: June 2019

Many U.S. cities pursue a “human relations” strategy in response to racial and ethnic group conflict. Reflective of Common Ingroup Identity theory, human relations practitioners emphasize a superordinate community identity among residents from different groups for the purpose of “bringing people together” in an effort to improve intergroup relations. Practitioners also encourage intergroup contact to promote positive change in attitudes. Herein, we test the influence of group identity cues and intergroup contact as predictors of perceived intergroup commonality. The findings suggest emphasizing a superordinate community identity increases feelings of commonality in the attitudes of Anglos and Latinos toward one another and toward African-Americans and Asians, while intergroup contact has no significant influence on intergroup attitudes. These findings contribute to the extant literature by simultaneously testing the relative effect of salient group identities on intergroup attitudes and expanding the focus beyond the binary comparison found in most studies of racial–ethnic relations.
The use of high-in-β-glucan oat fibre powder as a structuring agent in gluten-free yeast-leavened cake
Authors: Karp Sabina , Wyrwisz Jarosław , Kurek Marcin Andrzej , Wierzbicka Agnieszka
Published: June 2019

The biggest challenge in the production of gluten-free baked products is creating a structure without gluten while maintaining physicochemical and sensory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of applying oat β-glucan as the thickening and structure-making agent instead of xanthan (control sample), due to its pro-health technological properties, in yeast-leavened gluten-free cake. Thus, high-in-β-glucan oat fibre powder was incorporated into cake formulations as 5, 10, 15 and 20% replacement of rice or corn flour. The complex analysis of physicochemical and sensory properties was conducted, where texture and rheological aspects were the most important. An analysis of the correlation between rheological and physical properties was also conducted. Corn and rice cakes differed, but the results showed the increase of β-glucan, total dietary fibre, springiness, cohesiveness, storage (G′) and loss (G″) modulus and the decrease of firmness and lightness. Improvement of porosity and volume was also noticed. Significant correlation was observed among G′, G″, specific volume and texture components. Accelerated texture changes were noticed after 24 h of storage. To sum up, it is justified to incorporate oat fibre into gluten-free baked products, both to increase nutritional value and improve cake structure.
Agglomeration and aspect ratio effects on the long-term creep of carbon nanotubes/fiber/polymer composite cylindrical shells
Authors: Hosseinpour Komeil , Ghasemi Ahmad Reza
Published: June 2019

The present study is an attempt to trace the influences of agglomeration, uniform dispersion, and aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes on long-term creep strain and stress in carbon nanotubes/fiber/polymer composite cylindrical shells. The thin-walled cylindrical vessel is subjected to an internal pressure. For this purpose, the effect of the carbon nanotubes agglomeration and aspect ratio on the elastic properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites were investigated, by means of the Halpin–Tsai and Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka approaches. Classical-laminated plate theory and stress–strain relations were used to derive the governing equations for radial and circumferential creep strain. The Schapery single integral nonlinear viscoelasticity model was used for modeling the behavior of materials reliably. The present results indicated that the higher aspect ratio and uniform dispersion decreased creep strain, but agglomeration increased creep strain.
A training needs analysis of admiral nurses to facilitate advance care planning in dementia
Authors: Harrison Dening Karen , Scates Caroline , McGill George , De-Vries Kay
Published: June 2019

Education of health and social care professionals is essential in preparation to confidently and effectively support families affected by dementia to undertake advance care planning. This article describes a training needs analysis of Admiral Nurses, dementia specialists, in facilitating advance care planning for future care.

Methods:

A questionnaire survey was completed by Admiral Nurses attending end-of-life care masterclasses in 2017 and 2018. Both quantitative (years registered as a nurse, years as an Admiral Nurse and subjective level of confidence in completing advance care plannings) and qualitative data (interventions perceived to increase confidence) were collected.

Findings:

There were 75 completed responses (two incomplete returns). There was no correlation between levels of confidence and years registered as a nurse. However, there was a small positive correlation between confidence and number of years as an Admiral Nurse ( r = 0.23; p < 0.05). Themes identified qualitatively to enhance practice were advanced communication skills, supervised practice, resources to frame conversations and a guide and template for advance care planning.

Conclusion:

Although Admiral Nurses are specialists in dementia, several educational initiatives could be employed to better enable them to support advance care planning for families affected by dementia. This training needs analysis is contributed towards developing an educational intervention for Admiral Nurses to improve advance care planning support.
Determination of Dipicolinic Acid in “Natto” by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Postcolumn Photoirradiation With Zinc Acetate
Authors: Mawatari Ken-ichi , Atsumi Motomasa , Nakamura Fumiya , Yasuda Makoto , Fukuuchi Tomoko , Yamaoka Noriko , Kaneko Kiyoko , Nakagomi Kazuya , Oku Naoto
Published: June 2019

A system was developed for determining dipicolinic acid in “natto” using liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. The compound was separated by reversed-phase chromatography using a mobile phase of 0.1 mol/L disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.05 mol/L citric acid buffer (adjusted to pH 3.0) containing 3.0 mmol/L zinc acetate and 35 mmol/L perchloric acid. The compound in the column effluent was irradiated with ultraviolet light to produce fluorescence. This fluorescence was monitored at an excitation at 336 nm and an emission at 448 nm. The calibration curve for dipicolinic acid was observed to be linear in a range of 0.2 to 112 ng. The dipicolinic acid content of natto was 7.24 ± 0.54 mg/100 g (wet weight, mean ± standard deviation [SD], n = 6).