bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decitabine induces change of biological traits in myelodysplastic syndromes via FOXO1 activation
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Jia Yan , Xv Feng , Song Lu-xi , Shi Lei , Guo Juan , Chang Chunkang
Published: August 2020

Background: Little is known about the function of tumor suppressor gene Forkhead box 1 (FOXO1) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of FOXO1 through decitabine (DAC) treatment. Methods: Microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 2 MDS cell lines by DAC treatment. WebGestalt was used to perform gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) for constructing protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Cell apoptosis, cycle arrest, differentiation, and immunoregulation were performed to validate the function of FOXO1 by silencing its expression prior to DAC treatment in MDS. Results: The results showed that the FOXO signaling pathway was one of the most promising. FOXO1 exists in a hyperphosphorylated, inactive form in MDS-L cells. DAC treatment both induces FOXO1 expression and reactivates the protein through reducing its phosphorylation level. Furthermore, we showed that this FOXO1 activation is responsible for the DAC-induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, antigen differentiation, and immunoregulation in MDS-L cells. The results also demonstrated that DAC-induced FOXO1 activation upregulated anti-tumor immune response in higher risk MDS specimens.Conclusions: These results suggest that DAC induces FOXO1 activation, which plays an important role in anti-MDS tumors.
Patient and Family Experience With Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) and Polyneuropathy (ATTR-PN) Amyloidosis: Results of Two Focus Groups
Authors: Rintell David , Heath Dena , Menendez Florencia Braga , Cross Elizabeth , Cross Theodore , Knobell Vincent , Gagnon Bruno , Turtle Cameron , Cohen Alan , Fox Jonathan
Published: August 2020

Background: Patients with transthyretin amyloidosis manage a chronic, life-threatening condition that severely affects their quality of life. Although the primary symptoms and diagnostic criteria for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) and transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy (ATTR-PN) are well established in the medical literature, very little has been published on patient and family experience of these conditions. Two focus groups, one for ATTR-CM and one for ATTR-PN, were asked to describe the diagnostic process, symptoms, and impact on quality of life that they experienced from these illnesses. Results: Patients in both ATTR groups often experienced a long and difficult diagnostic odyssey characterized by misdiagnoses, inadequate interventions and delay in establishing the correct diagnosis leading to the specialized treatment they needed. Collectively, patients with ATTR-CM reported 26 different symptoms and patients with ATTR-PN reported 24 different symptoms. The ATTR-CM group identified intolerance to activity, inability to exercise, insomnia and fatigue as the most challenging symptoms. The ATTR-PN group identified fatigue, diarrhea/constipation, sensory symptoms as the most difficult symptoms. In general, ATTR was reported to be highly stressful for both patients and their families. Spouses of patients with ATTR-CM were often in a caregiver role and experienced considerable anxiety. Patients with ATTR-PN were stressed not only by the physical consequences of their illness, but also by its effects on their parents and other relatives, and their worry about children and grandchildren inheriting their disease-causing mutations associated with ATTR. Despite these challenges, family members were also appreciated as a source of coping, motivation, inspiration and support.Conclusions: Several steps can be taken to reduce the challenges and burdens of living with ATTR, including more education for primary care physicians and specialists who encounter ATTR, ready access to mental health services and support, patient advisory groups to help guide clinical trials and additional studies of patients’ experience.
Redox signaling and antioxidant therapies in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Bo Liyan , Jin Faguang , Ma Zhuang , Li Congcong
Published: August 2020

Despite extensive research conducted to explore the mechanism of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), no pharmacologic treatment that targets the pathophysiologic alterations has proven effective. Previous studies have revealed overactive oxidative stress as a potential therapeutic target. However, there are still some discrepancies, and thus we conducted this systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of antioxidant therapy on the clinical outcomes of ARDS patients. Methods: We retrieved potentially relevant clinical trials from the electronic databases. Articles and conference abstracts about antioxidant therapies for patients with ARDS were identified in which the overall effect of each antioxidant therapy on the mortality of ARDS patients was summarized. Results: We identified 18 relevant studies, including 899 patients in the experimental group and 870 patients in the control group, and these were included in the meta-analysis. The antioxidant strategies including albumin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), selenium, vitamin C, Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, and lisofylline. The pooled results indicated that most of the antioxidant therapies could not improve the all-cause mortality and might have been even harmful in ARDS patients at low risk of death. Conclusions: Unclassified patients could not benefit from the antioxidant therapies, and thus discretion must be exercised when using these therapies. However, some treatments had a positive effect on ARDS patients at a high risk of death and early antioxidant treatment might be associated with reduced mortality when compared with delayed treatment.
Geometric Correction for Thermal Imaging of Asteroid Ryugu Observed by TIR onboard Hayabusa2
Authors: Arai Takehiko , Okada Tatsuaki , Tanaka Satoshi , Fukuhara Tetsuya , Demura Hirohide , Kouyama Toru , Sakatani Naoya , Shimaki Yuri , Senshu Hiroki , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Takita Jun , Hirata Naru , Yamamoto Yukio
Published: August 2020

The thermal infrared imager (TIR) onboard the Hayabusa2 spacecraft performed thermographic observations of the asteroid 162173 Ryugu (1999 JU3) from June 2018 to November 2019. In this study, we performed a geometric correction for TIR images by making a one-to-one correspondence between the observed areas and the surface coordinates derived from a shape model of Ryugu. The pointing direction, which is an alignment direction of TIR, was adjusted by rotating the TIR frame relative to the base of the Hayabusa2 frame using a least-squares fit. This geometric correction allows us to identify observed local areas within one pixel, which corresponds to 5 m error in a 5 km altitude observation. The corrected temperature images projected onto the shape model were constructed. Hot temperature regions were found at the base of Ejima Saxum and Otohime Saxum, for instance. A simulation result indicates that multiple radiations from the surrounding terrains generate hot regions. The estimated thermal inertia of the base of Ejima Saxum as characteristic shape area is approximately 300 Jm -2 s -0.5 K -1 within the error bars of the observed temperature profile. This estimation is succeeded by performing the geometric correction in case that the surface topographic features are greater than the spatial resolution of the pixel. However, thermal inertia estimations of smooth terrains, such as the floor of Urashima crater, were difficult probably because of surface roughness effects. Our results suggest the necessity to develop a hybrid thermophysical model that implements large- and small-scale surface roughness.
A tied Fermi liquid to Luttinger liquid model for the explanation of nonlinear transport in conducting polymers
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Niu Jiebin , Shao Bin , YANG Guanhua , Lu Congyan , Li Mengmeng , Zhou Zheng , Chuai Xichen , Lu Nianduan , Huang Bing , Wang Ye-Liang , Li Ling , Liu Ming
Published: August 2020

Organic conjugated polymers demonstrate great potential in the transistor, solar cell and light-emitting diodes. The performances of those devices are fundamentally governed by charge transport within the active materials. However, the morphology-property relationships and the underpinning charge transport mechanism in polymers remain unclear. Particularly, whether the nonlinear charge transport in doped conducting polymers, i.e., anomalous non-Ohmic behaviors at low temperature, is appropriately formulated within non-Fermi liquid picture is not clear. In this work, via varying crystalline degrees of samples, we carried out systematic investigations on the charge transport nonlinearity in conducting polymers. Possible charge carriers’ dimensionality was discussed with experiments when varying the molecular chain’s crystalline orders. A heterogeneous-resistive-network (HRN) model was proposed based on the tied link between Fermi liquids (FL) and Luttinger liquids (LL), related to the high-ordered crystalline zones and weak-coupled amorphous regions, respectively. This mesoscopic HRN model is experimentally supported by precise electrical and microstructural characterizations, together with theoretic evaluations. Significantly, such model well describes the nonlinear transport behaviors in conducting polymers universally and provides new insights into the microstructure-correlated charge transport in organic conducting/semiconducting systems.
First Trimester Genetic Sonogram for Screening Fetal Down Syndrome: a Population-based Study
Authors: Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Sirichotiyakul Supatra , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Srisupun Kasemsri , Luewan Suchaya , Jatavan Phudit , Sirilert Sirinart , Tongsong Theera
Published: August 2020

Background: To evaluate the performance of first trimester sonomarkers in the detection of fetal Down syndrome among Thai pregnant womenMethods: Pregnant women at 11-13+6 weeks’ gestation underwent ultrasound examination for assessment of nuchal translucency (NT), nasal bone (NB), tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and abnormal ductus venosus (aDV) Doppler waveforms. The women were followed up for final outcomes. Fetal abnormalities other than trisomy 21 were excluded. The performances of each sonomarker and their combinations in predicting fetal Down syndrome were calculated.Results: A total of 7,820 pregnant women meeting the inclusion criteria were available for analysis, including 20 cases with fetal Down syndrome and 7,800 unaffected cases. Of the four sonomarkers, NT, as a single sonomarker, had the highest detection rate (55.0% at a false positive rate of about 5%), whereas the remaining single sonomarkers had low detection rate (15-20%). The combination of all sonomarkers had the highest detection rate of 70% but the false positive rate was as high as 10.8%. The combination of NT and NB had a detection rate of 60% with an acceptable false positive rate of 6.9%, whereas the other combinations yielded relatively high false positive rates. Conclusion: The first trimester genetic sonogram in screening for Down syndrome among Asian women is acceptably effective and may be offered to some selected groups of the population. NT is the best sonomarker with a detection rate of 55% at 5% false positive rate and its combination with NB can improve performance with minimal increase in false positive rate.
Network analysis of core and associated symptoms in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Shi Lijuan , Ou Jianjun , Shen Yidong , Wang Ying , Lin Jingjing , Cui Xilong , Liu Ruiting , Wu Renrong , Xia Kun , Zhao Jingping
Published: August 2020

Background: Complex relationships may exist in the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may interfere with each other. Previous studies investigate the relationships between core and associated symptoms. However, there is still a lack of holistic view, especially in the relationships between core and associated symptoms.Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 474 children with ASD. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) was used to evaluate the existence and severity of autistic core symptoms of social impairment, Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) to sleep status, and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1.5-5) to behavior performance of subjects. A network analysis approach was performed to assess the partial relationships of these symptoms.Results: The social communication problem was the most central symptom of ASD. There were broad relationships between the core and associated symptoms, such as the relationships between autistic core symptoms and characteristic symptoms of ADHD and within associated symptoms. All these correlations were positive, except for a negative relationship between anxious/depressed problems and social awareness. The associations between some of these symptoms were stronger than the other associations, and the relationship between emotional problems and aggressive behavior was relatively stronger than the other relationships. The strength centrality and network edges were highly stable.Limitations: Two main limitations exist in current study. First, the network analyses was conducted by using cross-sectional data, so it remains unknown that whether the network structure will change with the progress of the course of the disease or the change of the severity of symptoms. Second, some nodes may actually be measuring overlapping constructs, which could artificially inflate edge weights and centrality.Conclusions: An overall perspective of connections of symptoms of ASD using network analysis indicated that controlling these associated symptoms may improve core symptoms, such as ADHD-related symptoms. It may help identify new ways to improve symptoms in ASD.
Impact of Gold Nanoparticles on the Functions of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
Authors: Dey Arindam K , Gonon Alexis , Pécheur Eve Isabelle , Pezet Mylène , Villiers Christian , MARCHE Patrice N
Published: August 2020

Background:Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in various biomedical applications, but their effects on the immune system remain ill-defined. We studied the impact of AuNPs on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) because of their phagocytic capacity that allows the accumulation of exogenous materials. As models, we used primary macrophages (M) and dendritic cells (DCs) originating from the bone marrow and tested the modulation of their functions, including phagocytosis, cell activation, production of cytokines and mediators and metabolic activity.Results: The AuNPs by themselves displayed no significant effect on M and DCs functions. However, when exposed to AuNPs, M and DCs responded differently to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Interleukin- 4(IL-4) stimulations. We showed AuNPs altered cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions differently in M and DCs, whereas nitric oxide (NO) production by both cells remained unaffected. The metabolic profile underpins all functions of the immune cells and their polarisation. The analysis of the metabolic activity revealed that AuNPs significantly altered mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of M, while only little effect was seen on DCs. Furthermore, we showed that T cell responses increased when antigen was presented by AuNPs-exposed DCs, leading to stronger Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses. Conclusions: Our data provide new insights into the complexity of the effects of AuNPs on the immune system. Although AuNPs may be considered on the whole to be devoid of direct significant effect, they may induce discrete modifications on some functions that can differ among the immune cells.
Comparison of MMC and BW fracture models for constructing 3D ductile fracture envelope of AA6063 during cold forming
Authors: Gao Jianye , He Tao , Huo Yuanming , Song Miao , Yao Tingting , Yang Wanbo
Published: August 2020

The 3D ductile fracture envelopes of AA6063-T6 was developed to predict and prevent its fracture. Smooth round bar (SRB) tension tests were carried out to characterize the flow stress, and a series of experiments were conducted to characterize the ductile fracture firstly, such as notched round bar (NR) tension tests, compression tests and torsion tests. These tests cover a wide range of stress triaxiality (ST) and Lode parameter (LP) to calibrate the ductile fracture criterion. Plasticity modeling was performed, and the predicted results were compared with corresponding experimental data to verify the plasticity model after these experiments. Then the relationship between ductile fracture strain and ST with LP was constructed using the modified Mohr–Coulomb (MMC) model and Bai and Wierzbicki (BW) model to develop the 3D ductile fracture envelope. Finally, a new ductile damage model was proposed based on the 3D fracture envelope of AA6063. The final results show that the predicted results from the proposed ductile fracture model showed good agreement with experimental results.
Engineering of The Bacillus Subtilis PhoD Signal Peptide To Direct High-Level, Tat-Specific Export of A Single-Chain Antibody Fragment To The Periplasm in Eschericha Coli
Authors: Jawara Chillel , Richards Kirsty L , Peswani Amber R , Walker Kelly L , Nascimento Lara , Robinson Colin
Published: August 2020

Background: Numerous high-value proteins have been produced in E. coli, and a favoured strategy is to export the protein of interest to the periplasm by means of an N-terminal signal peptide. While the Sec pathway has been extensively used for this purpose, the Tat pathway has potential because it transports fully-folded heterologous proteins. Most studies on the Tat pathway have used the E. coli TorA signal peptide to direct export, because it is highly Tat-specific, unlike many Tat signal peptides which can also function as Sec signal peptides. However, the TorA signal peptide is prone to degradation in the cytoplasm, leading to reduced export rates in some cases. Here, we have tested a range of alternative signal peptides for their ability to direct Tat-dependent export of a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv). Results: We show that the signal peptides of E. coli AmiC, MdoD and YcbK direct efficient export of the scFv by both the Tat and Sec pathways, which may be a disadvantage when Tat-specific export is required. The same applies to the Tat signal peptide of Bacillus subtilis PhoD, which likewise directs efficient export by Sec. We engineered the PhoD signal peptide by introduction of a Lys or Asn residue in the C-terminal domain of the signal peptide, and we show that this substitution renders the signal peptide Tat-specific. These signal peptides, designated PhoDk and PhoDn, direct efficient export of scFv in shake flask and fed-batch fermentation studies, reaching export levels that are well above those obtained with the TorA signal peptide. Culturing in ambr250 bioreactors was used to fine-tune the growth conditions, and the net result was export of the scFv by the Tat pathway at levels of approximately 1g protein/L culture. Conclusions: The new PhoDn and PhoDk signal peptides have significant potential for the export of heterologous proteins by the Tat system.
Circulating IgA1 Complex Induces Endothelial Injury through Mesangial Cell Activation in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Huang Meichun , Lu Ying , Zhao Liping , Ding Huideng , Liu Jun , Yan Xiaoqian , Zhu Li , Shi Sufang
Published: August 2020

Background: Renal arteriolar microangiopathic (MA) lesions were common in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and their presence was an independent risk factor for kidney failure. Endothelial injury is regarded as the most important cause of MA lesions. The deposition of circulating IgA1 complex (cIgA1) in the glomerular mesangium has been regarded as the most important mechanism to induce the injury of podocyte and tubular epithelium. Whether cIgA1 can induce vascular endothelial injury is not clear.Methods: Blood of 59 IgAN patients and 19 healthy controls was collected, pending the measurement of Willebrand factor (vWF) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM1) and Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) by ELISA. cIgA1 was isolated from 12 primary IgAN patients who had not been treated with steroids or immunosuppressants and 10 healthy controls. Then, IgA-HMC medium (IgA-HMCM) was prepared by collecting the cell culture supernatants of growth-arrested HMCs grown in medium containing cIgA1. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with the IgA-HMCM in the presence or absence of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), which are anti-inflammatory bioactive components of the Chinese medicinal herb Panax notoginseng. The protein levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) in IgA-HMCM and vWF, sVCAM1 and HB-EGF in HUVEC medium were determined by ELISA. Results: IgAN patients had higher levels of vWF, sVCAM-1 and HB-EGF than that in healthy controls. cIgA1 from IgAN patients (IgAN-cIgA1) induced significantly higher expression levels of IL-6 and CXCL1 in HMCM than cIgA1 from healthy controls. vWF, sVCAM1 and HB-EGF levels induced by conditioned IgAN-cIgA1-treated HMCM (IgAN-HMCM) were significantly higher than the levels induced by conditioned cIgA1-treated HMCM from healthy controls (HC-HMCM). After HUVECs were cultured in PNS and IgAN-HMCM, the levels of vWF, sVCAM1 and HB-EGF were significantly lower in the culture supernatants of cells cultured in PNS and IgAN-HMCM than in that of cells cultured in IgAN-HMCM alone. Conclusion: cIgA1 could activate mesangial cells and, in turn, induce the injury of endothelial cells by inflammation factors in vitro.
A Collagen Membrane Influences Bone Turnover Marker in Vivo After Bone Augmentation With Xenogenic Bone
Authors: Staedt Henning , Dau Michael , Schiegnitz Eik , Thiem Daniel G.E. , Tagadiuc Olga , Palarie Victor , Ottl Peter , Al-Nawas Bilal , Kammerer Peer W
Published: August 2020

Background:The aim was to compare early biochemical and histological osseous healing of chronic mandibular defects regenerated with bovine bone substitute with and without collagen membranein vivo. Methods:Eight weeks after formation of a lateral defect in the mandible of 40 rabbits, bovine bone substitute with (“+”;n=20) and without (“-“;n=20) collagen membrane was applied. Blood and bone was collected 24, 72 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery. Total acid phosphatase, bone acid phosphatase, total alkaline phosphatase and bone alkaline phosphatase activities were compared between groups. Formation of new bone was quantified histologically for all time points.Results:24 hours after surgery, bone alkaline phosphatase was significantly elevated in “+” group when compared to “-“ (p=0.012). After 72 hours, all bone turnover markers except for total acid phosphatase (p=0.078) where significantly elevated in “+” (all p<0.05). 14 days after surgery, the significant highest values for all bone turnover markers were detected in “-“ (all p<0.05). A significant difference in favor of group “-“ could also be detected after 3 weeks in terms of both acid phosphatases (p<0.05). In histology, no significant differences could be detected.Conclusion: Bone regeneration with bovine bone substitute material and collagen membrane shows a significantly earlier bone remodeling activity but does not seem to influence formation of new bone in histological samples.
MiR-124-3p/ZC3H15 Regulates Gastric Cancer Progression by Blocking FBXW7 Mediated Degradation of c-Myc
Authors: Hou Jianbing , Liu Yudong , Yan Du , Huang Pan , Wang Zhongze , Gu Hongyu , Lan Chao , Geng Shengjun , Cui Hongjuan
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND: Zinc finger CCCH-type containing 15 (ZC3H15), a highly conserved eukaryotic protein, was involved in tumorigenesis and may be a potential biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the biological role of ZC3H15 in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear.METHODS: The potential correlation between ZC3H15 expression and GC prognosis was assessed based on the patient data analysis. The biological role of ZC3H15 in regulating cell proliferation and metastasis was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the potential mechanism of ZC3H15 was investigated. RESULTS: we found that ZC3H15 expression was positively correlated with GC progression, including cell growth, metastasis and cancerogenesis. Through further investigations, we found that ZC3H15 could modulate c-Myc protein stability via suppressing the transcription of FBXW7, which was mainly responsible for c-Myc degradation. In addition, we revealed that miR-124-3p, a tumor suppressor of GC, was negatively associated with ZC3H15. We revealed that miR-124-3p was a critical upstream modulator of ZC3H15 in GC.CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our studies unearth the important roles of ZC3H15 in GC development and suggest that miR-124-3p/ZC3H15/c-Myc axis may be a potential target for the treatment of GC.
Environmental and Nutritional Challenges With Down's Syndrome
Authors: Aljerf Loai , Aljurf Mazen
Published: August 2020

Background

Down's syndrome patients are suffering from such gastrointestinal and metabolic complications which affect their prolongation for survival and this could be attributed to the malnutrition system. To reduce the risk factors for mortality, the paper has focused on the assessment of the socioeconomic, clinical, physical, biophysiological, and biochemical characteristics of them which can be affected by the type of nutrition system, toxicity, and ecological footprint.
Methods

Patients were males with trisomy 21 diagnosed by karyotype test and assessed by clinical examinations. The clinical observations, medical interventions, and oral diseases associated with DS have been defined and oral treatment is explored. Samples collected from different biofluids. The physicochemical analyses of the biomatrix samples were performed and these properties had compared to findings of healthy males and age-matched controls. In specific, trace elements which could be originated from environmental resources were assessed in saliva, blood, urine, and hair.
Results

Duraphat application was proved effective for their oral treatment and saliva was the optimum biomarker for detecting malnutrition. The patients were hypersensitive to Cu while the Mn content in blood and hair was considered an expression to the degree of epileptic condition and chronic seizure development. The ecological footprint was 5.6 gha and carbon footprint was recognised in food poverty habits. These can be reduced by eating more plant-based proteins and fibre-rich foods with low saturated fats and sodium.
Conclusion

The current findings provide an up-to-date reference for expected developmental outcomes in children with DS in terms of biophysicochemistry. The genetically sensitive intervention is affected by heredity factor and sensitivity to toxics. Down's syndrome is encouraged to live green-hipster life. Besides, doctors are recommended to order the physicochemical analyses for early detection of this special intervention.
Membrane and lipid metabolism plays an important role in desiccation resistance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ren Qun , Brenner Rebecca , Boothby Thomas C. , Zhang Zhaojie
Published: August 2020

Background: Anhydrobiotes, such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , are capable of surviving almost total loss of water. Desiccation tolerance requires an interplay of multiple events, including preserving the protein function and membrane integrity, preventing and mitigating oxidative stress, maintaining certain level of energy required for cellular activities in the desiccated state. Many of these crucial processes can be controlled and modulated at the level of organelle morphology and dynamics. However, little is understood about what organelle perturbations manifest in desiccation-sensitive cells as a consequence of drying or how this differs from organelle biology in desiccation-tolerant organisms undergoing anhydrobiosis. Results: In this study, electron and optical microscopy was used to examine the dynamic changes of yeast cells during the desiccation process. Dramatic structural changes were observed during the desiccation process, including the diminishing of vacuoles, and increase and then decrease of lipid droplets as well as a decrease in mitochondria and mitochondrial cristae and an increase of ER membrane, which is likely caused by ER stress and unfolded protein response. The survival rate was significantly decreased in mutants that are defective in lipid droplet biosynthesis, or cells treated with cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the metabolism of lipid droplets and membrane may play an important role in yeast desiccation tolerance by providing cells with energy and possibly metabolic water. Additionally, the decrease in mitochondria and cristae coupled with an initial increase and then drop in lipid droplets number is indicative of a cellular response to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species.
Producción de forrajes de avena y trigo bajo sistemas hidropónico y convencional
Authors: Morales Sinchire Dayana Beatriz , Jiménez Álvarez Leticia Salomé , Burneo Valdivieso Juan Ignacio , Capa Mora Edwin Daniel
Published: August 2020

En la Región Sur del Ecuador se comparó la producción de avena (Avena sativa L.) y trigo (Triticum vulgare L.) obtenida a partir de un sistema de forraje verde hidropónico (FVH), frente al sistema de producción convencional o a campo abierto (CA). El experimento para cada sistema y cultivo se estableció bajo un diseño de bloques al azar, instalando cuatro tratamientos (dos en FVH y dos a CA), con tres repeticiones cada uno. Se evaluó la altura de la planta (AP) de cada cultivo para cada sistema productivo, mientras que para cada sistema y cultivo se determinó la producción de biomasa, la proteína cruda (PC) (p < 0,05) y el cociente de la relación beneficio-costo (B/C). La mayor altura se obtuvo en trigo FVH con 17,67 cm y en avena CA con 82,78 cm. En relación con la producción de biomasa, el trigo FVH alcanzó 23,57 kg/m2 de materia verde (MV) o 3,10 kg/m2 de materia seca (MS); el resto de tratamientos estuvo por debajo de 13 kg/m2 de MV (1,39 kg/m2 de MS); el porcentaje de proteína en el trigo CA fue mayor con 19,90 %, seguido de avena CA, mientras que el trigo y la avena FVH tuvieron valores de alrededor del 10 %; en beneficio-costo, el trigo FVH obtuvo un puntaje mayor de 1,46 frente a la avena FVH (0,67), el trigo CA (0,26) y la avena CA (1,00). Por esta razón, la complementariedad de los dos sistemas de producción, especialmente en el cultivo de trigo, podría ser una opción para la alimentación animal.
Pemakaian Kata Sapaan (Taishoushi) di Dunia Kerja Perhotelan: Analisis Percakapan Drama TV dan Film Jepang
Authors: Pratiwi Dyah Martanti Indah
Published: August 2020

Address term (taishoushi) is a word or a group of words used to refer to the interlocutor. Address terms used in hotels, especially five star western hotels, have special characteristic in addressing guests and also other employees. There are many factors which make speaker uses various kinds of address terms. This research aims to describe those factors. The object of this research is address term used as a term of address, that is address term used to appoint interlocutor which it cannot become an utterance without other words. In other word, term of address is a part of an uttered sentence. This research data were collected from Japanese TV dramas and movie about working life in five-star hotels in Tokyo. Those are Hotelier (2007), Hotel Concierge (2015), and The Uchouten Hotel (2006). The data were collected by conducting note-taking technique to transcript the dialogue where the address term belongs to. Then, the data were classified based on speech components: setting and scene, participant, and end. In analyzing the data, there are some factors to be considered. Those are interlocutor’s response, act, key, and norms. Factors in classifying participants are distance, including uchi (in-group) and soto (out-group), power, and gender. Based on the participant’s relation, some social factors to determine address term are power, social distance, and gender. Situational factors may also make a speaker switches the code in using address term.
Kala dan Aspek pada Kata Kerja Iku dan Kuru dalam Bahasa Jepang
Authors: Alifah Rahma Fitri
Published: August 2020

In Japanese, there are verbs of iku which have a literal meaning 'away,' and verbs of kuru which have a literal meaning 'come.' However, in Japanese, the two verbs can have another meaning if viewed from the tense and aspects of a sentence. For Japanese learners, to distinguish between the use of Japanese language and aspects and knowing the meaning of sentences which are characterized by aspects is a complex matter. This study aims to analyze the types of aspects and tense of the iku and kuru verbs. This study uses written tapping techniques with data sources came from Japanese news media, The Daily Jakarta Shinbun, which was published on February 19, 2020. The conclusion of this research is that the type of aspects found in the verbs of -te iku and -te kuru are imperfective aspects and perfective. Furthermore, the type of tense contained in the verbs -te iku and -te kuru is to state the present, future, and past conditions.
Tingkat Tutur Pengisi Fungsi Subjek Bahasa Korea dan Bahasa Jawa
Authors: Hanani Iva , Nugroho Suray Agung
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study is to explain Korean and Javanese subject honorific and identify its similarities and differences. To accomplish it, this research was conducted using literature review method. Data related to the Javanese language were taken from two Javanese drama scripts, namely Mak Ana Asu Mlebu Ngomah and Bantul Sangsaya Pinunjul, and Javanese drama titled Sri Ngilang by George Quinn. Korean language data was taken from television drama, Misaeng and Fight for My Way. Based on the analysis that has been carried out, despite the difference of the honorific system of Korean dan Javanese, Javanese has subject honorific as described in the Korean honorific system. Both languages use words that have honorific meaning to honor the subject and use words that are usually used for the animal to dishonor the subject of the sentence. The difference between both languages on subject honorific is Korean subject honorific is mainly realized grammatically, whereas in Javanese is realized lexically. In addition, there are rules from the Korean government regarding the use of one type of subject honorific, abjonbeob, whereas in Javanese there are no rules related to the use of speech level.
#makansiangdubes: Gaining Foreigns’ Affections through Localized Contents
Authors: Purwaning Tyas Agnes Siwi , Darumukti Georgius Benardi
Published: August 2020

The effect of Japan nation branding in Indonesia is strong. Indonesian youths and teenagers are attracted to tokusatsu, manga, anime, figures, brands, and J-Pop which make them easily accept and are familiar with pop-culture and kawaii culture from Japan. The development of Japanese creative industries and internet media also reinforce Japanese cultural impacts in Indonesia, especially because Indonesian youths love to spend their pastime accessing social media. Taking this as a good opportunity, Masafumi Ishii, the Japanese Ambassador for Indonesia tries to present the images of Japanese to be closer and accepted by Indonesian youths through #makansiangdubes. Utilizing Instagram @jpnambsindonesia as the platform, Ishii frequently posts his pictures enjoying Indonesian dishes he is eating while making kawaii or cute poses for his followers, holding Japanese and Indonesian cultural arts and brands, and doing his official activities as ambassador. This attracts his followers whose majority are teenagers and youngsters to give likes and leave positive comments to express how they adore his kawaii traits. The methodology adopted signification concepts and semiotics analysis on contents. The analysis on comments explains how the images affect audience’s affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses. Among all comments, affections comprise the majority.
A REVIEW ON COVID-19: ORIGIN, SYMPTOMS, PRECAUTION, AND RECENT UPDATE OF COVID-19 AND DATABASE SURVEY OF EIGHT COUNTRIES ON PANDEMIC CORONAVIRUS DISEASE
Authors: GK DYADE , SHRUSHTI CHANDGUDE , DEEKSHA DYADE , PRASAD CHANDGUDE
Published: August 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable disease caused with newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplets generated when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or exhales. These droplets are too heavy to suspend in the air and quickly fall on floors or surfaces. Persons can be infected by touching contaminated surface and then to touching their eyes, nose, or mouth. This disease since December 2019 when first was identified spread globally, resulting in the on-going 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic. As of May 8, 2020, more than 3,916,338 cases have been reported across 185 countries and territories, resulting in more than 270,711 deaths. More than 1,343,054 people have recovered. The purpose of this review article was to study preventive and measurable actions implemented by the respective countries nationwide to prevent COVID-19’s severity, spread, and mortality. The most affected nations were the USA, Spain, Italy, the UK, France, and Germany, and less affected India, whereas countries like New Zealand were not much affected. To this date, India was able to control spread of COVID-19 due to early measurable preventive control on this disease. The study including recovered rate of disease, growth rate of disease, and mortality rate was carried out for these countries. The study proved that measurable actions such as lockdown imposing and social distance maintenance were effective to prevent spread of COVID-19 and would be effective, as currently, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for this.
SDN-Honeypot Integration for DDoS Detection Scheme Using Entropy
Authors: Kilwalaga Irmawati Feren , Sumadi Fauzi Dwi Setiawan , Syaifuddin Syaifuddin
Published: August 2020

Limitations on traditional networks contributed to the development of a new paradigm called Software Defined Network (SDN). The separation of control and data plane provides an advantage as well as a security gap on the SDN network because all controls are centralized on the controller so when the compilation of attacks are directed the controller, the controller will be overburdened and eventually dropped. One of the attacks that can be used is the DDoS attack - ICMP Flood. ICMP Flood is an attack intended to overwhelm the target with a large number of ICMP requests. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes detection and mitigation using the Modern Honey Network (MHN) integration in SDN and then makes reactive applications outside the controller using the entropy method. Entropy is a statistical method used to calculate the randomness level of an incoming packet and use header information as a reference for its calculation. In this study, the variables used are the source of IP, the destination of IP and protocol. The results show that detection and mitigation were successfully carried out with an average value of entropy around 10.830. Moreover, CPU usage either in normal packet delivery or attacks showed insignificant impact from the use of entropy. In addition, it can be concluded that the best data collected in 30 seconds in term of the promptness of mitigation flow installation.
Implementation of K-Means Clustering and Weighted Products in Determining Crime-Prone Locations
Authors: Rahmatika Yuni , Sediyono Eko , Widodo Catur Edi
Published: August 2020

Clustering algorithms can be used to build geographic mapping systems to determine crime-prone locations. This study aims to establish a geographical mapping system to determine crime-prone locations that can help police control certain locations that often occur crime and provide information to people in crime-prone locations. Criminal groups are calculated based on crime data from November 2018 to October 2019 which occurred in 9 districts in Kudus Regency. The crime grouping process uses the k-means method used to classify based on regional vulnerability and uses a weighted product method that functions as a vulnerability ranking that is vulnerable to crime selection. The grouping results obtained from this study are that there are 1 very vulnerable area, 5 areas in the vulnerable category, and 3 safe areas. While the weighted product method produces Melatilor area as a vulnerable area to be defeated by a score of 0.182093. This research provides benefits for the public to see crime-prone areas so that they can be more vigilant, while for the police to analyze crime so as to speed up the process of resolving crime and increase and improve crime prevention measures.
Visualization of Granblue Fantasy Game Traffic Pattern Using Deep Packet Inspection Method
Authors: Stiawan Deris , Prabowo Christian , Heryanto Ahmad , Afifah Nurul , Minarno Agus Eko , Budiarto Rahmat
Published: August 2020

Granblue Fantasy is one of Role Playing Games (RPG). It’s a video role-playing game developed by Cygames. This research to observes the Granblue Fantasy Game. The purpose is to analyze the traffic data of the Granblue Fantasy to find the pattern using Deep Packet Inspection (DPI), Capturing the Data Traffic, Feature Extraction Process and Visualize the Pattern. The Pattern are Gacha, Solo Raid, Casino and Multiraid. This research demonstrate that Multiraid battle has more data than other pattern with TTL 237.
Komposisi dan Pola Sebaran Makroalga di Perairan Desa Mantang Baru, Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Pradana Fendi , Apriadi Tri , Suryanti Ani
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis makroalga, pola sebaran makroalga dan mengetahui kualitas perairan di pesisir Desa Mantang Baru Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau. Stasiun pengambilan sampel ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Terdapat 3 stasiun berdasarkan keberadaan ekosistem, yaitu ekosistem karang, ekosistem lamun, dan perairan berhadapan mangrove. Pengambilan sampel makroalga dilakukan pada setiap stasiun pengamatan menggunakan metode transek garis. Penempatan transek pada tiap lokasi untuk pengambilan makroalga sebanyak 3 garis transek sepanjang 100 m, penetapan plot pertama dilakukan berdasarkan titik pertama kali ditemukannya makroalga yang ditarik tegak lurus terhadap garis pantai dengan jarak antar garis 100 m. Hasil penelitian memberikan informasi bahwa divisi Chlorophyta (alga hijau) merupakan kelompok yang paling banyak dijumpai di ekosistem lamun (59%), sedangkan di ekosistem karang dan daerah yang berhadapan dengan mangrove, komposisi tertinggi dari divisi Phaeophyta (alga coklat) dengan komposisi masing-masing 69% dan 44%. Pola sebaran pada jenis makroalga di perairan Desa Mantang Baru pada setiap stasiun termasuk kategori mengelompok dengan kisaran nilai 1,87-3,46. Parameter fisika dan kimia perairan di Desa Mantang Baru secara unum memenuhi baku mutu peruntukan biota, kecuali parameter nitrat dan fosfat.
KARAKTERISTIK DAN POLA SEBARAN PHYTOTELMATA SEBAGAI TEMPAT PERINDUKAN ALAMI NYAMUK DI KEBUN RAYA LIWA LAMPUNG BARAT
Authors: Sitinjak Mentoria Alviani , Rosa Emantis , Agustrina Rochmah , Sutyarso
Published: August 2020

Kebun Raya Liwa (KRL) adalah kawasan konservasi tumbuhan ex-situ yang memiliki banyak koleksi tumbuhan sehingga akan berdampak pada banyaknya jenis tanaman phytotelmata. Phytotelmata adalah tanaman yang pada bagian organnya dapat menampung air dan dimanfaatkan berbagai organisme termasuk nyamuk sebagai tempat perindukan alami. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik phytotelmata dan pola sebaran phytotelmata di Kebun Raya Liwa, Lampung Barat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 – Januari 2020 di Kebun Raya Liwa dan Laboratorium Botani Universitas Lampung. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan pendekatan metode survey. Data yang diperoleh ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat 7 jenis phytotelmata di Kebun Raya Liwa yaitu Nepenthes mirabilis, Cyathea coopei, Bambusa sp. Areca catechu, Musa sp. Colocasia gigantea, dan Crynum asiaticum dengan 2 pola sebaran phytotelmata yaitu berkelompok dengan nilai IP berkisar antara 0,813-1,194 dan pola sebaran secara seragam dengan nilai IP -2,08.Kata Kunci: Phytotelmata, Tempat Perindukan Alami, Kebun Raya Liwa
The Essential Oil of Thymus Vulgaris L., Biological Study
Authors: Mehani Mouna
Published: August 2020

Essential oils have many therapeutic properties. In herbal medicine, they are used for their antiseptic properties against infectious diseases of fungal origin, against dermatophytes, those of bacterial origin. Humans use plants for thousands of years to treat various ailments, in many developing countries; much of the population relies on traditional doctors and their collections of medicinal plants to cure them. The aim of our study is to determine the antimicrobial and antifungal effect of essential oils of plants Thymus vulgaris on some pathogenic bacteria and fungal. It is a medicinal plant used in traditional therapy. Essential oils have many therapeutic properties. In herbal medicine, they are used for their antiseptic properties against infectious diseases of fungal origin, against dermatophytes, those of bacterial origin. The test adopted, is based on the diffusion method on solid medium (Antibiogram), this method allows to determine the susceptibility or resistance of an organism according to the sample studied. Our study reveals that the essential oil of the plant Thymus vulgaris has a different effect on the resistance of germs.
AKUNTANSI FORENSIK: TELAAH EMPIRIS PENERAPAN DALAM KURIKULUM AKUNTANSI
Authors: Fanani Zaenal , Gunawan Clarina Widyati
Published: August 2020

The main objective of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the application of the teaching of forensic accounting in the accounting curriculum. This study uses a simple random sampling by distributing questionnaires for accounting lecturer in public and private universities with accreditation A. Observation data obtained as many as 63. The variables used were the relevance of teaching, teaching benefits, obstacles teaching, teaching materials, and learning mechanisms. Analysis techniques using Independent Sample T Test. The results showed that there is a difference between public and private universities in terms of teaching the relevance, benefits of teaching, teaching materials and learning mechanisms forensic accounting and there is no difference between public and private universities for teaching barriers forensic accounting.
MODEL EMPIRIS ONLINE TRUST DAN REPEAT PURCHASE PELANGGAN TERHADAP SITUS E-COMMERCE
Authors: Hafni Roswita , Hasibuan Jasman Saripuddin , Muslih Muslih , Yusnandar Willy
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis model empiris online trust dan repeat purchase pelanggan Terhadap Situs E-Commerce (Studi Kasus pada Pelanggan E-Commerce di Kota Medan). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian eksplanatori.  Skala pengukuran variabel menggunakan Skala Ordinal dengan teknik pengukuran variable menggunakan skala Likert. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat kota Medan. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Purposive sampling (judgmental) dan snowball sampling. Kriteria pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat kota Medan yang pernah berkunjung dan melakukan transaksi di e-commerce yang ada di Indonesia lebih dari 3 kali. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, kuesioner (angket) dan studi pustaka. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Model Persamaan Struktural (Structural Equation Model). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Web Quality, Perceived Risk, dan Online Trust berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Repeat Purchase, begitu juga Web Quality dan Perceived Risk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap online trust. Web Quality berpengaruh terhadap Repeat Puchase melalui variabel Online Trust, dan Perceived Risk berpengaruh terhadap Repeat Purchase melalui variabel Online Trust.