bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Sinektik Dalam Pengajaran Pengukuran Waktu Untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rostika Deti
Published: August 2016

Abstrak

Model synectics merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang

dirancang untuk mengembangkan kreativitas siswa. Pemecahan masalah

memerlukan penelitian secara ilmiah, dan sekaligus memerlukan kreativitas, baikdalam proses maupun dalam cara-cara pemecahan. Ada dua strategi atau modelpembelajaran yang mendasari prosedur sinektik, yaitu Strategi Pertama:

Menciptakan sesuatu yang baru. Strategi ini dirancang untuk mengenal keanehan,akan membantu para siswa memahami masalah, ide, atau produk dalam sesuatu yang baru yang akhirnya memperjelas kreatif. Strategi Kedua: Memperkenalkan keanehan. Strategi ini dirancang untuk membuat sesuatu yang baru, ide-ide yang tidak dikenal akan lebih berarti, kita melaksanakannya dengan analogi yang telah dikenal siswa.

Pengukuran secara tradisional dipasangkan dengan geometri dalam

kurikulum, tetapi pengukuran sebenarnya lebih dekat dengan topic matematika

lainnya. Agar siswa dapat meluangkan waktu lebih banyak untuk terlibat dalam

kegiatan pengukuran secara seksama,

pengukuran sebaiknya diintegrasikansepanjang kurikulum matematika dan juga kurikulum ilmu pengetahuan alam. Dalam tulisan ini akan dicontohkan bagaimana mengajarkan pengukuran menggunakan model sinektik.

 

Kata Kunci Model Sinektik, Pembelajaran Pengukuran Waktu, Kreativitas 
Pembelajaran Matematika Membangun Konservasi Materi Pembekajaran
Authors: Priatna Dudung
Published: August 2016

Abstrak

Ketercapaian suatu pembelajaran matematika ditentukan oleh guru dalam

menggunakan strategi pembelajaran matematika yang memperhatikan topik yangsedang dibicarakan, tingkat perkembangan intelektual siswa, prinsip dan teoribelajar, keterlibatan aktif siswa, keterkaitan dengan kehidupan siswa, serta

pengembangan dan pemahaman penalaran matematika. Kemampuan guru dalam pembelajaran matematika berupa proses pemberian pengalaman belajar kepada siswa melalui serangkaian kegiatan yang terencana sehingga siswa memperoleh kompetensi tentang bahan matematika yang dipelajari. Oleh sebab itu, proses pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar menuntut guru untuk memfasilitasi anak dengan kegiatan yang membutuhkan pengalaman dengan manipulatif material yang mempunyai ciri khusus maupun yang terus menerus ada. Manipulatif material yang mempunyai ciri khusus adalah yang dapat dihitung seperti kue, mobil-mobilan, dan titik-titik pada selmbar kertas. Anak-anak dapat menggunakan balok-balok unit atau kubus-kubus untuk dihitung dan ditumpuk. Jenis lainnya seperti mata rantai berwarna, papan mainan, boneka permainan, manik-manik, guntingan gambar pada papan planel dan barang-barang magnetis. Pembelajaran matematika untuk siswa SD laboratorium direkomendasikan berikut ini, yaitu (1) pembelajaran Content-Oriented, tekanannya adalah dimilikinya keterampilan dan cara menjawab (berkomunikasi guru-anak dan anak-anak); dan (2) pembelajaran Learner-Oriented, tekanannya adalah pada bantuan kepada anak dalam menghadapi masalah dan dalam menalar (bimbingan guru dalam kelompok). Perencanaan pembelajaran memperhitungkan kebutuhan belajar  individu atau kelompok anak secara konseptual maupun prosedural agar pembelajaran efektif dan efisien
Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah
Authors: Windayana Husain
Published: August 2016

PTS adalah penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Sekolah atau Pengawas Sekolah. Fokus penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Sekolah sekitar supervisi klinis, menyangkut aspek akademik seperti proses pembelajaran yang diselenggarakan oleh guru-guru.Pelaksanaan PTS mirip dengan PTK, yaitu bermula dari permasalahan akademik dalam ruang lingkup supervisi klinis, yang membutuhkan segera pemecahan. Dari permasalahan tersebut disusun perencanaan, termasuk di dalamnya alternatif pemecahan masalahnya dan penyiapan berbagai instrumen pengumpul data yang diperlukan. Kemudian dilakukan tindakan, sesuai rencana yang telah ditetapkan pada bagian perencanaan. Ketika dilakukan tindakan dilakukan pula observasi menggunakan instrumen-instrumen yang telah disiapkan ketika perencanaan dilakukan.Setelah dilakukan tindakan yang diobservasi selanjutnya diadakan refleksi, yaitu diskusi antara pelaku tindakan (guru/kepala sekolah), observer, dan kepala msekolah atau pengawas sekolah, untuk melakukan evaluasi, bagian mana yang sudah memenuhi harapan, mana yang belum, dan apakah masih perlu dilakukan tindakan berikutnya. Apabila masih dipandang perlu untuk dilakukan tindakan berikutnya maka hasil refleksi direvisi untuk bahan pelaksanaan tindakan berikutnya, dan begitu seterusnya secara berulang-ulang, sampai diperoleh hasil yang maksimal sesuai harapan.

 

Kata Kunci: Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah, Konsep PTS, Implementasi PTS
Pembelajaran Model-Eliciting Activiting (MEAs) Yang Dimodifikasi Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Dan Statistika
Authors: Priatna. M Bambang Avip
Published: August 2016

ABSTRAK

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan pembelajaran Model-Eliciting Activities (MEAs) yang dimodifikasi sebagai model pembelajaran yang relatif baru di Indonesia dan mungkin di dunia. Pembelajaran MEAs yang dimodifikasi merupakan memodifikasi dari pembelajaran MEAs sebelumnya dengan cara memasukan Didactical Design Research(DDR) dan menyempurnakan langkahlangkah pembelajarannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran MEAs yang dimodifikasi dapat mengoptimalkan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir statisis mahasiswa.

Kata kunci: Model-Eliciting Activities (MEAs) yang dimodifikasi
Penggunaan Model Inkuiri Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran IPS Di SD
Authors: Rustini Tin , Tjandra Farida
Published: August 2016

Pembelajaran di sekolah cenderung sangat teoritis dan terkait dengan kehidupan yang ada lingkungan nyata. Rumusan masalah, bagaimana meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dengan menggunakan model Inkuiri dan bagaimana hasil belajar IPS dengan menggunakan Model Inkuiri. Proses penerapan model dalam pembelajaran ini berfokus kepada Penelitian Tindakan Kelas( PTK), model Kemmis dan McTaggart yang terdiri dari empat komponen, yaitu (1). Perencanaan (planning), (2). Tindakan (action) (3). Observasi (observation), dan (4). Refleksi (reflection). Peneltian tindakan ini dilakukan dalam tiga siklus, di mana setiap siklus materi dan tujuan pembelajaran yang berbeda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa model inkuri terbimbing merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, sehingga proses dan hasil belajar siswa akan lebih baik. Pada akhir peneliti ini merekomendasikan bahwa untuk merangsang timbulnya masalah-masalah dari siswa, guru harus memikirkan suatu kegiatan eksplorasi yang akan dilakukan oleh siswa, agar siswa mempunyai gagasan untuk mengemukakan pendapat dan mengajukan pertanyaan terhadap materi yang diajarkan, menumbuhkan keberanian seluruh siswa dalam menggunggkapkan masalah, guru harus memberikan penguatan kepada siswa yang bertanya sehingga siswa lainnya termotivasi untuk bertanya.

Kata kunci: Berpikir Kritis,Model Inkuiri, Pembelajaran IPS.
Penggunaan Media Gambar Dalam Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Pengetahuan Sosial Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sundari Nina
Published: August 2016

Tujuan artikel ini yaitu untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah dalam menggunakan media gambar dalam pembelajaran Pengetahuan Sosial pada siswa Sekolah Dasar dan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penggunaan media gambar dalam pembelajaran Pengetahuan Sosial pada siswa Sekolah Dasar. Dengan menggunakan media gambar pembelajaran Pengetahuan Sosial khususnya pada siswa Sekolah Dasar, dapat diketahui bahwa motivasi belajar siswa menjadi lebih tinggi dalam proses pembelajaran tersebut. Hal ini disebabkan dengan adanya penggunaan media gambar yang membuat siswa lebih tertarik dan bersemangat untuk belajar. Keaktifan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar terjadi pada kedua belah pihak yaitu guru dan siswa.

Kata Kunci: Keaktifan Siswa, Media Gambar, Pengetahuan Sosial
Dampak Kondisi Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia Dalam Kegiatan Belajar-Mengajar Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia Di Kelas Rendah Sekolah Dasar Terhadap Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia Di Kalangan Remaja
Authors: Kurniawati -
Published: August 2016

Mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia merupakan mata pelajaran wajib di semua jenjang pendidikan. Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di kelas rendah sekolah dasar merupakan pondasi dasar bagi kemampuan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di tingkatan selanjutnya. Kebiasaan-kebiasaan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dalam kegiatan belajar-mengajar Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia di kelas rendah selanjutya dapat berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di kalangan remaja dalam tataran fonologi dan morfologi.

Kata kunci: penggunaan bahasa, interferensi fonologi, interferensi morfologi, bahasa daerah, setempat, afiks, pelafalan.
The Calibration Home Base for Imaging Spectrometers
Authors: Brachmann Johannes Felix Simon , Baumgartner Andreas , Gege Peter
Published: August 2016

The Calibration Home Base (CHB) is an optical laboratory designed for the calibration of imaging spectrometers for the VNIR/SWIR wavelength range. Radiometric, spectral and geometric calibration as well as the characterization of sensor signal dependency on polarization are realized in a precise and highly automated fashion. This allows to carry out a wide range of time consuming measurements in an ecient way. The implementation of ISO 9001 standards in all procedures ensures a traceable quality of results. Spectral measurements in the wavelength range 380–1000 nm are performed to a wavelength uncertainty of +- 0.1 nm, while an uncertainty of +-0.2 nm is reached in the wavelength range 1000 – 2500 nm. Geometric measurements are performed at increments of 1.7 µrad across track and 7.6 µrad along track. Radiometric measurements reach an absolute uncertainty of +-3% (k=1). Sensor artifacts, such as caused by stray light will be characterizable and correctable in the near future. For now, the CHB is suitable for the characterization of pushbroom sensors, spectrometers and cameras. However, it is planned to extend the CHBs capabilities in the near future such that snapshot hyperspectral imagers can be characterized as well. The calibration services of the CHB are open to third party customers from research institutes as well as industry.
New Empirical Relationships between Arias Intensity and Peak Ground Acceleration
Authors: Liu Jia Mei , Wang Tao , Wu Shu Ren , Gao Meng Tan
Published: August 2016

Arias intensity (IA) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) have been widely used as measures of the intensity of strong ground motions. This study employs a large set of data consisting of 7034 horizontal and 3474 vertical strong-motion records from 173 worldwide earthquakes (Mw 4.3–7.9) to refine the relationship between IA and PGA and investigates its potential dependence on variables such as earthquake magnitude (Mw), local site condition (VS30), focal mechanism, and fault distance. The dataset from the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake and the 2013 Mw 6.8 Lushan earthquake is used to demonstrate the usability and necessity of our models. The results reveal that the logarithm of IA increases linearly with the increase of the logarithm of PGA and Mw and the decrease of the logarithm of VS30, and this kind of correlation is not significantly affected by focal mechanism and fault distance. New global empirical relationships for both horizontal and vertical components are developed to estimate IA as a function of PGA, Mw, and VS30. The resulting correlation equations presented in this article represent a significant advancement by incorporating such important features as magnitude and VS30 and enable an improved way of estimating IA from PGA.
Electrodesiccation treatment for dermatosis papulosa nigra
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2016

Research Highlight
ENTRE O CENTRO E A PROVÍNCIA: a primeira eleição para deputado geral no Maranhão pós-independência
Authors: Galves Marcelo Cheche
Published: August 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o reordenamento político da província do Maranhão após a Independência, tomando como fio condutor a primeira eleição para deputados gerais, realizada em 1825. O tenso reconhecimento do novo centro de autoridade, situado agora no Rio de Janeiro, é aqui apreendido a partir de três perspectivas: das querelas ainda decorrentes da incorporação da província ao Império, oficializada em 28 de julho de 1823; das novas possibilidades abertas pela criação de um novo Estado, como aspirações à carreira burocrática ou parlamentar; e dos personagens eleitos: Manuel Telles da Silva Lobo, Manuel Odorico Mendes; João Bráulio Muniz e Francisco Gonçalves Martins.Palavras-chave: Maranhão. Império. Constituição. Eleição. BETWEEN THE CENTRE AND THE PROVINCE: the first election for general assemblyman post-independence in Maranhão StateAbstract: This article analyses the political reorganization of the province of Maranhão after the Independence during the first election for general assemblymen, held in 1825. The tense recognition of the new central authority, located now in Rio de Janeiro, is here thought from three perspectives: the quarrels resulting from the incorporation of the province to the Empire, made official in July 28, 1823; the new possibilities opened by the creation of a new State, as aspirations to bureaucratic or parliamentarian careers; and of the characters elected: Manuel Telles da Silva Lobo, Manuel Odorico Mendes; João Bráulio Muniz and Francisco Gonçalves Martins.Keywords: Maranhão. Empire. Constitution. Election. ENTRE EL CENTRO Y LA PROVINCIA: la primera elección para diputado general en el Maranhão post-independenciaResumen: Este artículo pretende analizar la reorganización política de la provincia de Maranhão después de la independencia, tomando como guía la primera elección para diputados generales, celebrada en 1825. El tenso reconocimiento del nuevo centro de autoridad, situado ahora en Río de Janeiro, se percibe aquí a través de tres perspectivas: de las rencillas aún derivadas de la incorporación de la provincia al Imperio, oficializada el 28 de julio de 1823; de las nuevas posibilidades abiertas por la creación de un nuevo Estado, como las aspiraciones a la carrera burocrática o parlamentaria; y de los personajes elegidos: Manuel Telles da Silva Lobo, Manuel Odorico Mendes, João Bráulio Muniz and Francisco Gonçalves Martins.Palabras clave: Maranhão. Imperio. Constitución. Elección.
(T,N) and Residual Fuzzy Co-Implication in Dual Heyting Algebra with Applications
Authors: Jebril Iqbal H.
Published: August 2016

Recently, many authors have been interested to introduce fuzzy implications over t-norms and t-conorms. In this paper, we introduce (S,N) and residuum fuzzy implication for Dubois t-norm and Hamacher's t-norm. Also, new concepts so-called (T,N) and residual fuzzy co-implication in dual Heyting Algebra are investigated. Some examples as well as application are discussed as well.
Widened Safe Mud Window for Naturally Fractured Shale Formations: A Workflow and Case Study
Authors: Shen Xinpu
Published: August 2016

This work briefly reviews the literature reported in the References section on a widened mud weight window (MWW) by wellbore strengthening, including both hydraulic plugging and stress cage for shale formations with natural fractures. The workflow for designing the mud density for hydraulic plugging and the effectiveness of stress caging are presented. An example of widening the MWW is presented with a simplified model for a well section in a shale gas formation in a field in southwest China. With numerical simulation, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) the task of widening the MWW with the value of 1.66 lbm/gal can be realized by opening the fracture to 1.285 mm with hydraulic plugging; (2) the mud weight pressure required to create this value of 1.285 mm fracture opening is 39 MPa, which corresponds to a 15-lbm/gal mud weight gradient (i.e., 1.81 g/cm3 mud density); (3) because the value of the fracture opening is determined to be 1.285 mm, the size of the lost circulation materials (LCMs) is chosen accordingly.

The case study described in this paper provides a workflow of widening the MWW for safely drilling through a naturally fractured shale formation. A best practice of this type of MWW design is also presented.
Productivity Index Coupled with Drilling Risk Index: Application to Geosteering
Authors: Pena Paola Perez , Nunna Krishna , Urdaneta Gustavo , Samuel Robello
Published: August 2016

Geosteering is a process used to optimize the positioning of a horizontal wellbore to maximize the reservoir exposure. Each wellbore design can vary greatly in terms of risk and complexity, which can have an impact on the final well performance. This paper proposes a novel methodology to identify an optimal well path, which minimizes the drilling risk and maximizes the productivity of the well based on its placement in the reservoir.

The methodology presented uses a new comprehensive approach to calculate productivity index (PI) for a 3D wellbore. A new drilling risk index (RI) is proposed, which includes torque, drag, and trajectory risk factors. The torque and drag risk factors are normalized with respect to a base case trajectory, which can be selected based on field experience. In the present case, the authors selected a straight horizontal well as the base case. The trajectory risk factor is associated with the well profile energy, which is also normalized with a base case scenario. The final RI is the summation of the three individual risk indices.

Applications of the methodology proposed are evaluated on a synthetic case in which a sensitivity analysis was performed on different possible well trajectories, and each trajectory was evaluated by comparing the proposed drilling risk and well productivity. The optimal trajectory is identified by differentiating the well productivity with RI among the low-risk trajectories to find the profile with maximum productivity. The well productivity is translated to revenue to highlight the commercial implications of the drilling project. The results demonstrate the trajectories with maximum reservoir exposure have a high risk associated, which can be translated into problems when running the completions. Neither the trajectory with the lowest risk nor the best performance is the optimum well trajectory. The authors also found that the dogleg distribution along the trajectory could have a significant impact on the RI and well productivity. The outcomes demonstrate usefulness of the approach in providing the engineer with a well path choice backed with good engineering approach on a real-time basis.

This paper introduces a novel methodology to quantify the production and risk associated with different well trajectories while geosteering. To account for productivity estimation in complex undulated trajectories, a new comprehensive model is proposed. This is the first time both drilling and production parameters are considered in identifying an optimal well trajectory. The approach helps in placing the well in the sweet spot efficiently, which ultimately translates to revenue.
An Integrated Workflow to the Success of Complex Tight-Gas Reservoirs Development North of India: Case Study
Authors: Abdelaziz Sherif , Leem Junghun , Praptono Andri Setyanto , Shankar Pranay , Mund Bineet , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Goyal Rajat , Sidharth Punj
Published: August 2016

A tight-gas reservoir commonly refers to a low-permeability reservoir that mostly produces natural gas. Irrespective of the reservoir rock type (e.g. sandstone, shales, coal seams or volcanics), they all have one thing in common—these reservoirs cannot be produced at economic rates without an effective hydraulic fracturing treatment.

In conventional reservoirs, rock flow capacity is usually sufficient to allow for hydrocarbons flow; therefore, hydraulic fracturing is broadly considered as a remedial technique to improve the productivity of suboptimal producing wells. In this study, fracturing was not originally considered in the primary drilling and completion planning phases, which in many cases limited the effectiveness of fracturing treatments because of challenges resulting from the well architecture, trajectory, azimuthal orientation with respect to dominant stress regimes, and other factors. As the importance of unconventional resources for hydrocarbon production has increased dramatically during the past decade and more attention and efforts are focused globally to explore these reserves, the demand for hydraulic fracturing techniques to prove the economic profitability of these resources has in turn tremendously increased. This has created a paradigm shift, as operators are beginning to recognize that they need to drill and complete wells for hydraulic fracturing to maximize the return on their assets. Therefore, hydraulic fracturing has gained an advanced position in the planning phase of unconventional assets.

Volcanic formations are one of the rarer rock types with the potential for accumulations of hydrocarbons that can produce economically. This rarity has resulted in a lack of understanding across the industry on the nature of these reservoirs and how to successfully turn them into lucrative assets. Because of the tight nature of these formations, optimal hydraulic fracturing strategies are intrinsically necessary for economic production. Without a thorough and integrated understanding of the petrophysical and geomechanical properties of these formations, it will be difficult to interpret the fracture growth behavior and its inherent effect on fracture flow capacity in the production phase.
The Development of a Viscosifier for Clay Free and Water Based Drilling Fluid With High Density and High Temperature Resistant
Authors: Zhang X. M. , Jiang G. C. , Xuan Y. , Wang L. , Huang X. B.
Published: August 2016

Shale gas buried deep in Weiyuan region in China's Sichuan province, the clay-free and water-base drilling fluid should have high density and high temperature resistant. Most viscosifiers such as XG (xanthan gum) could not meet the fluid requires, so a kind of well water-soluble hydrophobic polymer (SSZN) was synthesized and the clay-free drilling fluid meeting the requirements was laboratory formed.

Using acrylamide, AMPS (2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl Propane Sulfonic Acid), hydrophobic monomer and other acrylamide derivatives as monomers, the viscoelastic polymer was synthesized by the micellar polymerization. To get the optimal reaction conditions, the monomer ratio, initiator amount and reaction temperature were selected. With the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charges and hydrophobic association between hydrophobic groups, the polymer had great viscoelasticity. With the polymer (SSZN) and other drilling fluid additives, a water-based and clay-free drilling fluid system with high density and high temperature resistant was formed.

First, the structure of the polymer was testified by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectrum. The reticular structure was seen by the TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Then, the viscosity of the polymer was tested by ZNN-D6 Viscometer. The polymer aqueous solution with the concentration of 1.5wt% had high viscosity and great temperature resistance. The apparent viscosity was beyond the range and the apparent viscosity was 0.07 Pa s after hot-rolling for 16 h at 130 °C. The viscoelasticity of the polymer was tested by the HAAKE Rheometer. At last, the water-based and clay-free drilling fluid with the density of 2.36 g/cm3 was formed, and after rolling for 16 hours at 150 °C the fluid had well rheological property.

The viscosifier (SSZN) had great viscoelasticity and high temperature resistant. With it a water-based and clay-free drilling fluid with high density and high temperature resistant was formed, which could meet the shale mining requirements in Sichuan Weiyuan region.
Collagen Hydrogel Scaffold and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Accelerate Periodontal Healing of Class II Furcation Defects in Dog
Authors: Momose Takehito , Miyaji Hirofumi , Kato Akihito , Ogawa Kosuke , Yoshida Takashi , Nishida Erika , Murakami Syusuke , Kosen Yuta , Sugaya Tsutomu , Kawanami Masamitsu
Published: August 2016

Objective:

Collagen hydrogel scaffold exhibits bio-safe properties and facilitates periodontal wound healing. However, regenerated tissue volume is insufficient. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) up-regulates cell behaviors and subsequent wound healing. We evaluated whether periodontal wound healing is promoted by application of collagen hydrogel scaffold in combination with FGF2 in furcation defects in beagle dogs.

Methods:

Collagen hydrogel was fabricated from bovine type I collagen with an ascorbate-copper ion cross-linking system. Collagen hydrogel was mingled with FGF2 and injected into sponge-form collagen. Subsequently, FGF2 (50 µg)/collagen hydrogel scaffold and collagen hydrogel scaffold alone were implanted into class II furcation defects in dogs. In addition, no implantation was performed as a control. Histometric parameters were assessed at 10 days and 4 weeks after surgery.

Result:

FGF2 application to scaffold promoted considerable cell and tissue ingrowth containing numerous cells and blood vessel-like structure at day 10. At 4 weeks, reconstruction of alveolar bone was stimulated by implantation of scaffold loaded with FGF2. Furthermore, periodontal attachment, consisting of cementum-like tissue, periodontal ligament-like tissue and Sharpey’s fibers, was also repaired, indicating that FGF2-loaded scaffold guided self-assembly and then re-established the function of periodontal organs. Aberrant healing, such as ankylosis and root resorption, was not observed.

Conclusion:

FGF2-loaded collagen hydrogel scaffold possessed excellent biocompatibility and strongly promoted periodontal tissue engineering, including periodontal attachment re-organization.
Play Preference and Pretend Play Skills between Typically Developed Children and Autism
Authors: Vetrayan Jayachandran , Mohamed Nazir Sharif Umar Haiyuddin , Victor Paulraj Smily Jesu Priya
Published: August 2016

Pretend play emerged at the age of 18 months in children. The imagination of children creates new play ideas it has incorporated into their play. But Autism children find difficulty in play. Hence, this study aimed to find the different types of pretend and preference play among autistic and typical children. The total sample of 40 is divided into 20 each group respectively. Data analyzed by using Chi-Square result in the significant difference between the pretend play and play preference X² = 42.81 (p=0.05 and p=0.01). Future study needs to examine with larger samples.
Multiactor Participatory Decision Making in Urban Construction Logistics
Authors: Macharis Cathy , Kin Bram , Balm Susanne , Ploos van Amstel Walther
Published: August 2016

Construction is required to create more attractive, sustainable, and economically viable urban areas. However, transportation of construction-related goods and personnel potentially causes negative impacts. A lack of early and accurate information on how the construction site and goods will be organized can lead to disputes and disruptions that harm the construction work and the surrounding community. A method is presented for evaluation of alternative construction logistics measures in a multiactor participatory setting. The method, MAMCA software, has been demonstrated in a role-playing setting with 20 students at the Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands.
Food Rescue and Delivery
Authors: Nair Divya Jayakumar , Grzybowska Hanna , Rey David , Dixit Vinayak
Published: August 2016

This paper addresses a special case of periodic vehicle routing problem in which each node has a nonnegative supply or demand of a single product that is unpaired. The product collected from a pickup node can be delivered to any one node or multiple delivery nodes, and the demand of a delivery node can be met by the product collected from any one node or multiple pickup nodes. This periodic unpaired pickup and delivery vehicle-routing problem is a novel variant of the periodic vehicle routing problem. The objective of the problem was to design the pickup and delivery vehicle routes to meet required service levels of delivery nodes, minimizing the total transportation cost while satisfying certain operational constraints. This problem was driven by food relief operations in Sydney, Australia. The logistics aspect of the approach was to design and execute a vehicle routing problem for a food rescue and delivery network. The specific goals were to develop an integrated linear programming model for this new variant of the periodic vehicle routing problem and to propose an integer programming–based heuristic solution approach to solve the problem introduced in the paper. The heuristic algorithm was tested with small instances created from Cordeau's benchmark instances, and the solution approach was validated against optimal solutions obtained through the exact method before implementation on a food rescue and delivery network. The heuristic approach was found to be comparable with the optimal solution and can solve the real-world scenarios with significantly fewer resources than are used in practice.
Prevalence of Hypertension Among Fulani Herdsmen in Rural Community of Nigeria
Authors: Bello Shakirat I , Ojieabu Winifred A , Bello Ibrahim K
Published: August 2016

Introduction:Hypertension is progressively becoming more prevalent in Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to assess the risk factors and occurrence of hypertension among Fulani herdsmen in Nigeria.Methodology:A descriptive longitudinal study on hypertension was conducted among Fulani herdsmen residing in rural communities of Ilorin East and Moro Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Nigeria, from the age of 18 years and above. Eight hundred and seventytwo (872) consenting subjects completed a standardized questionnaire. Blood pressure, weight and height were measured and recorded using standard calibrated equipment.Results:Of the 872 herdsmen, 351 (40.3%) were aged 1830 years and 632 (72.5%) migrated from the NorthWest zone of Nigeria. Almost all (n=858, 98.4%) of the subjects were ignorant of hypertension. Overweight and obesity were uncommon among the subjects. The occurrence of hypertension was 17.3% with overall average systolic blood pressure (BP) of 128.8±12.3 mmHg and diastolic BP of 84.0±8.0 mmHg. Risk factors of hypertension were types of diet [OR 0.578; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11311.418, p< 0.028], smoking habit [OR 5.147; CI: 1.02325.884, p < 0.017] and age [OR 2.656; CI: 0.6828.556, p < 0.031].Conclusion: Majority of hypertensive herdsmen were not aware of their status, signifying a high incidence of undiagnosed and un-controlled BP among these subjects. Public health awareness on the risk factors of hypertension is essential to reduce the burden among this population. Further research is also necessary to measure the trends of hypertension among this populationBangladesh J Medicine Jul 2016; 27(2) : 48-54
Understanding Collaboration in Integrated Forms of Project Delivery by Taking a Risk-Uncertainty Based Perspective
Authors: Walker Derek , Lloyd-Walker Beverley
Published: August 2016

Background: Cross-discipline team collaboration between the project ownership team, design team and project delivery team is central to effective management of risk, uncertainty and ambiguity. A recently-developed framework that was developed to provide a visualisation tool to enable various project procurement and delivery forms has been adapted to answer the research question How can uncertainty best be managed in complex projects? Methods: The research involved reviewing transcribed recorded interviews with 50 subject matter experts that was originally analysed using axial coding with Nvivo 10 software to develop the framework that the paper refers to. It extends analysis to focus on risk and uncertainty previously reported upon in that study. Results and Conclusions: The adaptation presents a hypothetical partnering and alliancing project collaboration map taken from a risk and uncertainty management perspective and it also refines its focus on coping and sensemaking mechanisms to help manage risk-uncertainty in a practical and ‘how to do’ manner. This contributes to theory by extending the relationship based procurement (RBP) framework from taking a purely procurement theory focus to being applied in a risk-uncertainty project management theory domain. It also provides a practice contribution by explaining how the RBP mutation to a collaboration and risk-uncertainty management framework may be applied.
Antioxidant Properties of Water-Soluble Gum from Flaxseed Hulls
Authors: Bouaziz Fatma , Koubaa Mohamed , Barba Francisco , Roohinejad Shahin , Chaabouni Semia
Published: August 2016

Soluble flaxseed gum (SFG) was extracted from flax (Linum usitatissimum) hulls using hot water, and its functional groups and antioxidant properties were investigated using infrared spectroscopy and different antioxidant assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), reducing power capacity, and β-carotene bleaching inhibition assay), respectively. The antioxidant capacity of SFG showed interesting DPPH radical-scavenging capacity (IC50 SFG = 2.5 mg·mL−1), strong ABTS radical scavenging activity (% inhibition ABTS = 75.6% ± 2.6% at 40 mg·mL−1), high reducing power capacity (RPSFG = 5 mg·mL−1), and potent β-carotene bleaching inhibition activity (IC50 SFG = 10 mg·mL−1). All of the obtained results demonstrate the promising potential use of SFG in numerous industrial applications, and a way to valorize flaxseed hulls.
Optimal Control of Drug Therapy in a Hepatitis B Model
Authors: Forde Jonathan , Ciupe Stanca , Cintron-Arias Ariel , Lenhart Suzanne
Published: August 2016

Combination antiviral drug therapy improves the survival rates of patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus by controlling viral replication and enhancing immune responses. Some of these drugs have side effects that make them unsuitable for long-term administration. To address the trade-off between the positive and negative effects of the combination therapy, we investigated an optimal control problem for a delay differential equation model of immune responses to hepatitis virus B infection. Our optimal control problem investigates the interplay between virological and immunomodulatory effects of therapy, the control of viremia and the administration of the minimal dosage over a short period of time. Our numerical results show that the high drug levels that induce immune modulation rather than suppression of virological factors are essential for the clearance of hepatitis B virus.
Microbial Glycosidases for Wine Production
Authors: Maicas Sergi , Mateo José
Published: August 2016

Winemaking is a complex process involving the interaction of different microbes. The two main groups of microorganisms involved are yeasts and bacteria. The yeasts present in spontaneous fermentation may be divided into two groups: the Saccharomyces yeasts, particularly S. cerevisiae; and the non-Saccharomyces yeasts, which include members of the genera Rhodotorula, Pichia, Candida, Debaryomyces, Metschtnikowia, Hansenula, and Hanseniaspora. S. cerevisiae yeasts are able to convert sugar into ethanol and CO2 via fermentation. They have been used by humans for thousands of years for the production of fermented beverages and foods, including wine. Their enzymes provide interesting organoleptic characteristics in wine. Glycosidases with oenological implications have been widely reported in yeasts, bacteria, and fungi. β-Glucosidase activity is involved in the release of terpenes to wine, thus contributing to varietal aroma. α-Rhamnosidase, α-arabinosidase, or β-apiosidase activities have also been reported to contribute to the wine production process. Oenococcus oeni (a lactic acid bacteria present in wine) also has numerous glycosidases, and their activities contribute to the liberation of several aromatic compounds which contribute to floral and fruity wine characteristics.
Zeolite Catalysis
Authors: Martin Andreas
Published: August 2016

The Special Issue “Zeolite Catalysis” published in the online journal Catalysts was recently successfully completed.[...]
Experimental and Numerical Analyses on the Rotary Vane Expander Operating Conditions in a Micro Organic Rankine Cycle System
Authors: Kolasiński Piotr , Błasiak Przemysław , Rak Józef
Published: August 2016

Micro (0.5–10 kW) organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems are nowadays considered for domestic power generation. Selection of a suitable expander is one of the most important problems connected with the domestic ORC system design. Volumetric machines or micro-turbines can be adopted as an expander in domestic ORC systems. Scroll and screw expanders are a common choice and were successfully applied in different small- and micro-power applications. However, micro-turbines as well as scroll and screw expanders are mechanically complicated and expensive. An alternative are rotary-vane machines, which are simple and cheap compared to micro-turbines. This paper documents a study providing the experimental and numerical analyses on the rotary vane expander operating conditions in a micro-ORC system. A test-stand was designed and set up and a series of experiments was performed using the test-stand. Results of these experiments were further used as an input to numerical simulations of an expander operation. In order to simulate the expander operating conditions, a three-dimensional numerical model has been prepared. The analysis presented in this paper indicates that a properly designed multi-vane expander is a cheap and mechanically simple alternative to other expansion devices proposed for domestic ORC systems.
A Study of an Effective Heat-Dissipating Piezoelectric Fan for High Heat Density Devices
Authors: Lin Chien-Nan , Jang Jiin-Yuh , Leu Jin-Sheng
Published: August 2016

Heat dissipation per unit volume has grown rapidly, as the size of modern electronic devices has continued to decrease. The air flow induced by an oscillating cantilever blade enhances the heat transfer performance of high heat density devices. The heat transfer improvement mainly depends on the velocity magnitude and distribution of air streams induced by the vibrating blade. Accordingly, this study numerically and experimentally examines the time-varying flow characteristics of a vibrating cantilever for five blade types. The blades are rectangular or trapezoidal with various widths and actuated at various frequencies. The fluid domain is numerically discretized using a dynamic meshing scheme to model the three-dimensional time-varying vibrating blade. The experiment utilizes nine hot-wire velocity meters to measure the average velocities. The flow structure with streamlines and velocity contours of the induced air flow are determined at various section planes. The results show that a major maximum-velocity region appears around the blade tip and that four minor local-maximum-velocity regions appear at the four corners. In addition, the width and width ratio of the blade significantly affects the velocity distribution of the flow induced by the vibrating cantilever blade.
Functional Diversity of Small and Large Trees along Secondary Succession in a Tropical Dry Forest
Authors: Sanaphre-Villanueva Lucía , Dupuy Juan , Andrade José , Reyes-García Casandra , Paz Horacio , Jackson Paula
Published: August 2016

Functional Diversity is considered an important driver of community assembly in environmental and successional gradients. To understand tree assembly processes in a semideciduous tropical forest, we analyzed the variation of Functional Richness (FRic), Functional Divergence (FDiv), and Functional Evenness (FEve) of small vs. large trees in relation to fallow age after slash-and-burn agriculture and topographical position (flat sites vs. hills). FRic of small trees was lower than null model predicted values across the successional gradient, and decreased unexpectedly in older successional ages. FRic of large trees was higher than null model predictions early in succession and lower in late-successional stands on hills. Dominant species were more similar (low FDiv) in early and intermediate successional stands for small trees, and on hills for large trees, suggesting that species that are best adapted to harsh conditions share similar traits. We also found evidence of competitive exclusion among similar species (high FEve) for small trees in early successional stands. Overall, our results indicate that community assembly of small trees is strongly affected by the changing biotic and abiotic conditions along the successional and topographical gradient. For large trees, hills may represent the most stressful conditions in this landscape.
Severe and Moderate Asthma Exacerbations in Asthmatic Children and Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutants
Authors: Tétreault Louis-Francois , Doucet Marieve , Gamache Philippe , Fournier Michel , Brand Allan , Kosatsky Tom , Smargiassi Audrey
Published: August 2016

Background: It is well established that short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants can exacerbate asthma, the role of early life or long-term exposure is less clear. We assessed the association between severe asthma exacerbations with both birth and annual exposure to outdoor air pollutants with a population-based cohort of asthmatic children in the province of Quebec (Canada). Method: Exacerbations of asthma occurring between 1 April 1996 and 31 March 2011 were defined as one hospitalization or emergency room visit with a diagnosis of asthma for children (<13 years old) already diagnosed with asthma. Annual daily average concentrations of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were estimated at the child’s residential postal code. Satellite based levels of fine particulate (PM2.5) estimated for a grid of 10 km by 10 km were also assigned to postal codes of residence for the whole province. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox models with a gap time approach for both birth and time-dependant exposure. Results: Of the 162,752 asthmatic children followed (1,020,280 person-years), 35,229 had at least one asthma exacerbation. The HRs stratified by age groups and adjusted for the year of birth, the ordinal number of exacerbations, sex, as well as material and social deprivation, showed an interquartile range increase in the time-dependant exposure to NO2 (4.95 ppb), O3 (3.85 ppb), and PM2.5 (1.82 μg/m3) of 1.095 (95% CI 1.058–1.131), 1.052 (95% CI 1.037–1.066) and 1.025 (95% CI 1.017–1.031), respectively. While a positive association was found to PM2.5, no associations were found between exposure at birth to NO2 or O3. Conclusions: Our results support the conclusion, within the limitation of this study, that asthma exacerbations in asthmatic children are mainly associated with time dependent residential exposures less with exposure at birth.
The Impact of Low-Level Lead Toxicity on School Performance among Hispanic Subgroups in the Chicago Public Schools
Authors: Blackowicz Michael , Hryhorczuk Daniel , Rankin Kristin , Lewis Dan , Haider Danish , Lanphear Bruce , Evens Anne
Published: August 2016

Background: Environmental lead exposure detrimentally affects children’s educational performance, even at very low blood lead levels (BLLs). Among children in Chicago Public Schools (CPS), the severity of the effects of BLL on reading and math vary by racial subgroup (White vs. Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic Black). We investigated the impact of BLL on standardized test performance by Hispanic subgroup (Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Other Hispanic). Methods: We examined 12,319 Hispanic children born in Chicago between 1994 and 1998 who were tested for BLL between birth and 2006 and enrolled in the 3rd grade at a CPS school between 2003 and 2006. We linked the Chicago birth registry, the Chicago Blood Lead Registry, and 3rd grade Illinois Standard Achievement Test (ISAT) scores to examine associations between BLL and school performance. Primary analyses were restricted to children with BLL below 10 µg/dL (0.483 µmol/L). Results: BLLs below 10 µg/dL (0.483 µmol/L) were inversely associated with reading and math scores in all Hispanic subgroups. Adjusted Relative Risks (RRadj) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for reading and math failure were 1.34 (95% CI = 1.25, 1.63) and 1.53 (95% CI = 1.32, 1.78), respectively, per each additional 5 µg/dL of lead exposure for Hispanic children; RRadj did not differ across subgroups. We estimate that 7.0% (95% CI = 1.8, 11.9) of reading and 13.6% (95% CI = 7.7, 19.2) of math failure among Hispanic children can be attributed to exposure to BLLs of 5–9 µg/dL (0.242 to 0.435 µmol/L) vs. 0–4 µg/dL (0–0.193 µmol/L). The RRadj of math failure for each 5 µg/dL (0.242 µmol/L) increase in BLL was notably (p = 0.074) stronger among black Puerto Rican children (RRadj = 5.14; 95% CI = 1.65–15.94) compared to white Puerto Rican children (RRadj = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.12–2.02). Conclusions: Early childhood lead exposure is associated with poorer achievement on standardized reading and math tests in the 3rd grade for Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Other Hispanic children enrolled in Chicago Public Schools. While we did not see interactions between BLL and ISAT performance by Hispanic subgroup, the stronger association between BLL and math failure for Black Puerto Rican children is intriguing and warrants further study.
High Laccase Expression by Trametes versicolor in a Simulated Textile Effluent with Different Carbon Sources and PHs
Authors: Ottoni Cristiane , Simões Marta , Fernandes Sara , Santos Cledir , Lima Nelson
Published: August 2016

Textile effluents are highly polluting and have variable and complex compositions. They can be extremely complex, with high salt concentrations and alkaline pHs. A fixed-bed bioreactor was used in the present study to simulate a textile effluent treatment, where the white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor, efficiently decolourised the azo dye Reactive Black 5 over 28 days. This occurred under high alkaline conditions, which is unusual, but advantageous, for successful decolourisation processes. Active dye decolourisation was maintained by operation in continuous culture. Colour was eliminated during the course of operation and maximum laccase (Lcc) activity (80.2 U∙L−1) was detected after glycerol addition to the bioreactor. Lcc2 gene expression was evaluated with different carbon sources and pH values based on reverse transcriptase-PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Glycerol was shown to promote the highest lcc2 expression at pH 5.5, followed by sucrose and then glucose. The highest levels of expression occurred between three and four days, which corroborate the maximum Lcc activity observed for sucrose and glycerol on the bioreactor. These results give new insights into the use of T. versicolor in textile dye wastewater treatment with high pHs.