bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monopis jussii, a new species (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) inhabiting nests of the Boreal owl (Aegolius funereus)
Authors: Mutanen Marko , Huemer Peter , Autto Jonna , Karsholt Ole , Kaila Lauri
Published: November 2020

Monopis jussii Kaila, Mutanen, Huemer, Karsholt & Autto, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Tineidae) is described as a new species. It is closely related to the widespread and common M. laevigella ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), but differs in its distinct COI DNA barcode sequences, four examined nuclear loci as well as details in forewing coloration and pattern. Most reared specimens of M. jussii have emerged from the nest remnants of the Boreal owl (Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus, 1758)), but also nests of the Ural owl (Strix uralensis Pallas, 1771) and the Great tit (Parus major Linnaeus, 1758) have been observed as suitable habitats. Based on the present knowledge, the new species has a boreo-montane distribution as it is recorded only from northern Europe and the Alps. Several extensive rearing experiments from Strix spp. nest remnants from southern Finland did not produce any M. jussii, but thousands of M. laevigella, suggesting that the species is lacking in the area or, more unlikely, that the nest of these owl species do not serve as good habitat for the new species. This unexpected species discovery highlights, once again, the usefulness of DNA barcoding in revealing the cryptic layers of biodiversity. To serve stability we select a neotype for Tinea laevigella [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775, and discuss the complicated synonymy and nomenclature of this species.
La estructura social quiteña entre 1737 y 1745, según el proceso contra José de Araujo
Authors: Ramos Gómez Luis J.
Published: November 2020

Aunque el proceso contra el Presidente a la audiencia Araujo puede ser contemplado como una reacción contra su actuación al frente del gobierno del espacio quiteño, en este trabajo se enfoca como un acto del enfrentamiento existente en Quito por el poder local. El estudio en profundidad del pleito del que se presenta la estructura global del proceso y una serie de elementos que fundamentan ese enfoque- permitirán aproximamos a temas como la identificación de los componentes de los bandos enfrentados, la articulación de alianzas, los lazos de parentesco existentes, los puestos y organismos por lo que y desde los que se pugna, los objetivos que persiguen unos y otros, etc.
Los Cinco Gremios Mayores de Madrid y el comercio colonial en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Pinto Rodríguez Jorge
Published: November 2020

Se examina el papel que jugaron las compañías comerciales que participaron del comercio colonial en el siglo XVID en el esfuerzo que hizo la Corona por abrir el mercado americano a la producción de la naciente industria española. Examinando el caso de los Cinco Gremios Mayores de Madrid, se postula que esas compañías sirvieron no sólo para transportar manufacturas españolas a América, sino, además, para penetrar las articulaciones internas que se habían tejido en el mundo colonial. El estudio se apoya en la documentación que se conserva en el Archivo General de Indias (Sevilla), el Archivo General de la Nación (Lima) y en la British Library de Londres.
Mineros y poder en Nueva España. El caso de Zacatecas en vísperas de la Independencia
Authors: Langue Frédérique
Published: November 2020

Las reformas borbónicas, tanto a nivel económico como político, contemplaron la necesidad de fomentar la minería mediante la creación de instituciones representativas, como el Tribunal de Minería y sus diputaciones regionales. A través de las actas de este organismo se intenta analizar cómo los mineros zacatecanos se fueron constituyendo en grupo de presión, en sujetos políticos, y cómo esta élite económica llegó a extender su radio de influencia hasta la capital del virreinato. Y más aún cuando estos personajes se caracterizaban por una significativa dualidad: las estrategias económicas modernas coexistían con unas formas de sociabilidad tradicionales, propias de una sociedad de Antiguo Régimen.
Migraciones laborales entre España y América. La procedencia de marineros en la carrera de Indias, 1598-161O
Authors: Jacobs Auke P.
Published: November 2020

Se analiza el flujo de migración laboral entre España y América en el período de 1598-1610, resaltando el impacto que tuvo sobre las regiones en donde se reclutaron los marineros y la transformación parcial en inmigración permanente en las Indias. Las migraciones laborales no sólo reforzaron la presencia española en América sino que, por las características demográficas de la población marinera y militar, alteraron la proporción entre los sexos dentro de los inmigrantes españoles, favoreciendo el mestizaje.
Política Comercial para las Islas Filipinas en la primera mitad del siglo XVIII
Authors: Del Valle Alvarez Maestre M.ª
Published: November 2020

Uno de los aspectos más importantes de las reformas comerciales ultramarinas durante el reinado de Felipe V fue la nueva regulación del comercio con el lejano Oriente. A partir de 1720 se regularon los envíos en metal, las cargas y la distribución del buque con el objetivo de reducir los perjuicios causados a las flotas. El vaivén legislativo y su influencia en las Filipinas constituyen el cuerpo central del estudio.
Las Diputaciones Provinciales americanas en el sistema liberal español
Authors: Martínez Riaza Ascensión
Published: November 2020

Análisis de una institución poco conocida pero que tuvo gran incidencia en el marco de los cambios que se produjeron en las relaciones metrópoli-territorios americanos, a raíz de la caída de la monarquía absoluta. Creación del sistema liberal español, se diseñó como un mecanismo de reestructuración y reforma del funcionamiento de muchos aspectos de la vida americana. Amplias competencias, intervino en el proceso de elección de los Diputados a Cortes, y se mantuvo aun después de la independencia formal de Hispanoamérica.
Un espacio para la controversia: La Audiencia de Quito en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Ponce Leiva Pilar
Published: November 2020

Entre las diversas formas en que puede abordarse el estudio histórico de una región o de una época, en este artículo se ha optado por la corriente historiográfica que pretende ante todo detectar problemas y no tanto ofrecer visiones generales: así, más que una descripción del territorio desde el punto de vista económico, político, social o cultural (tarea que ya ha sido realizada con mayor o menor extensión por diversos autores), se esbozarán cuáles fueron los rasgos más llamativos de la entonces Audiencia de Quito, para, a continuación, centrar el análisis casi exclusivamente en dos aspectos, el primero económico (la supuesta crisis económica que atravesó la región desde comienzos del XVIII) y otro ideológico (la polémica que enfrentó a ilustrados americanos y europeos por la, también supuesta, decadencia vital del continente.
Negociar la paz en Cuba
Authors: Robles Muñoz Cristóbal
Published: November 2020

Se siguen de cerca los varios intentos por llegar a un arreglo negociado entre España y los independentistas cubanos. El presidente Cleveland y el secretario de estado Blaine ofrecieron los buenos oficios de Estados U nidos; Alfaro, presidente de Ecuador, y Ulises Hereaux (presidente de la República Dominicana) presentaron propuestas para conseguir la paz, respetando los derechos de todos y sin humillar la dignidad de las partes; Betances, en París, participó en negociaciones no oficiales. Fracasaron todos: pues para los cubanos no era negociable la independencia, ni para España la soberanía.
Los republicanos españoles ante el problema colonial: la cuestión cubana (1895-1898)
Authors: Núñez Florencio Rafael
Published: November 2020

Al estallar en 1895 la guerra de la independencia cubana, los republicanos españoles se encontraban escindidos en varios grupos, destacando los que se aglutinaban en torno a las personalidades históricas: Salmerón, Castelar y Pi Margall. El presente artículo expone las peculiaridades de cada uno de ellos ante el conflicto cubano, subrayando particularmente la incomprensión que, en líneas generales, mostraron ante el fenómeno colonial. Desde el punto de vista interno, analiza las insuficiencias de conjunto del movimiento republicano para establecer una alternativa viable al carcomido régimen canovista.
Brujos y brujas en el antiguo Perú: apariencia y realidad en las fuentes históricas
Authors: Gareis Iris
Published: November 2020

En el antiguo Perú existían individuos que practicaban la brujería para dañar a otros miembros de la sociedad, siendo considerados por ello como «brujos maléficos». Sin embargo, la reconstrucción histórica del concepto del «brujo maleficador» existente en el Perú prehispánico se ve distorsionada por la imagen del brujo andino que ofrecieron los autores coloniales.
La valentía en la plástica mexica: una aproximación
Authors: Díaz Balerdi Ignacio
Published: November 2020

La valentía es uno de los valores más importantes en el mundo conceptual mexica, pero no se plasmará explícitamente en la plástica sino valiéndose de recursos estéticos estrechamente relacionados con estructuras discursivas y lingüísticas. Figuras artísticas de águilas y felinos se analizan como ejemplos para comprender el fenómeno, intentando también establecer una escala de valentías posibles en un mundo en que lo real, lo ritual y lo mítico se hallan unidos.
Merchants and Miners: Economy and Culture in 17th Century Massachusetts and Potosí
Authors: Newell Margaret E.
Published: November 2020

A partir de la comparación de las actitudes económicas en el siglo XVII de Potosí y Boston se deduce la necesidad de revaluar nuestros conceptos sobre la cultura y el desarrollo de la América hispana. Los comerciantes de Nueva Inglaterra y los mineros peruanos desarrollaron similares estrategias como respuesta a las condiciones del Nuevo Mundo y organizaron economías diversas e integradas. Asimismo, hay que destacar la necesidad de volver a examinar el papel jugado por el Estado y la política en la América hispana colonial, aspecto que ofrece uno de los contrastes más significativos entre el mundo hispano y la América anglosajona.
La práctica benéfica y el control de los sectores populares de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, 1890-1910
Authors: Ciafardo Eduardo O.
Published: November 2020

Estudio de la reorientación de la práctica benéfica a finales del siglo XIX Buenos Aires, en un periodo en el que la ciudad cambia su fisonomía y se transforma en un cosmos en el que la miseria, los locos, delincuentes, afloran. En este nuevo contorno social y económico es interesante analizar el papel jugado por los médicos higienistas, quienes se interesan por las capas sociales más deprimidas en un intento de lograr una integración de éstas en espacios de sociabilización institucional.
Construcción de una identidad nacional el discurso historiográfico de Venezuela en el siglo XIX
Authors: Harwich Vallenilla Nikita
Published: November 2020

En la construcción del estado nacional venezolano la historiografía jugó un papel esencial en tanto que fue un medio para fijar las bases territoriales de una nacionalidad difícil de definir, en esos momentos. Asimismo, el discurso historiográfico fue el encargado de recuperar la memoria colectiva y de conformar los elementos de un imaginario.
First description of calling song of Arcyptera alzonai and possible taxonomic implications (Insecta: Orthoptera, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae)
Authors: Anselmo Luca
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of Arcyptera alzonai, considered an endemic Italian species, whose biology is little known and which has an uncertain taxonomic status. Some individuals were found on a small site within its historical presence area in Susa Valley (Piedmont, NW Italy). Some recordings of the song, until today unknown, were made and analyzed. From the oscillograms obtained, no significant differences emerged with the congener species Arcyptera microptera. Also according to various authors these two species are at the moment indistinguishable from a morphological point of view. Therefore, a possible synonymy among these two taxa can be assumed which, however, must be investigated and confirmed by further research based on genetic analysis.
An interesting case of polystyrene consumption by Reticulitermes lucifugus (Blattodea: Neoisoptera, Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Rolli Erminio
Published: November 2020

A colony of Reticulitermes lucifugus from Apulia (SE Italian Peninsula) was recently observed to have partially consumed some polystyrene panels applied on a wall, and used like seat for termite nest. Further observations could allow to better understand if this colony is just able to physically consume and chew this plastic material, releasing it chemically intact after the passage throughout the termites’ digestive system, or if their microbiome could allow the insects to at least partially metabolize and degrade the ingested polystyrene fragments, as recently observed in a few other insects.
Meta-research in geriatric medicine: a survey of the Italian Society of Hospital and Community Geriatrics (SIGOT)
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Demurtas Jacopo , Maggi Stefania , Cherubini Antonio , Solfrizzi Vincenzo , Cella Alberto , Fimognari Filippo Luca , Ferrari Alberto , Pilotto Alberto
Published: November 2020

The need for major information in meta-research (i.e. the part of medicine interested in systematic reviews [SRs] and meta-analyses [MAs]) is increasing. In the last years we are observing an exponential rate of publications as SRs/MAs in geriatric medicine. In order to better assess the interest in meta-research, we proposed a survey to know the knowledge and the needs in meta-research in geriatrics. A short survey (about 5 minutes) was freely available in the Italian Society of Hospital and Community Geriatrics (SIGOT) website and diffused in social networks. The survey was available during the entire 2019. The survey regards demographic information, previous research activities and the knowledge of the participant on meta-research. Altogether, 148 participants mainly men (=65.5%) and mainly aged 36 to 44 years and working in hospital from all Italian regions completed the survey. Responders read more than 20 articles in the previous year (=58.1%), including 10-20 SRs/MAs (25%). Many respondents (41.9%) had published >20 articles during their life. At the same time, a consistent part of the respondents recognized the importance of metaresearch for clinical practice and almost all the participants recognized that metaresearch has changed their daily clinical approach to the patient. Almost all the participants would like to have more training in meta-research suggesting that SIGOT should organize training courses for metaresearch in geriatric medicine. In conclusion, our survey showed that the interest in SRs/MAs is high, whilst the knowledge is still limited suggesting that education is needed to fill the gap in this field.
Exploring Public Attitude toward Biofeedback Technologies: Knowledge, Preferences and Personality Tendencies
Authors: Russo Gaetano A. , Oliveri Serena , Cincidda Clizia , Guiddi Paolo , Pravettoni Gabriella
Published: November 2020

Background

Biofeedback is increasingly used in the clinical area and in daily health monitoring through wearable devices (e.g. smart watches). Nevertheless, it remains rather unknown. This study aimed to assess, in a sample of Italian citizens, the level of knowledge, attitudes, perceived efficacy and personality tendencies which could affect the uptake of biofeedback technologies.

Design and methods

Participants were recruited by advertising the survey on the social networks, from March to May 2019. 160 subjects filled in an ad hoc online questionnaire assessing socio-demographic variables, clinical status, physical activity, knowledge and attitude towards biofeedback, psychological tendencies toward health.

Results

Data showed a good level of interest in biofeedback training in spite of poor knowledge about such technologies. Sport and chronic diseases were not correlated to a greater use of biofeedback. People informed about biofeedback technologies were more interested in undergoing biofeedback training and had higher scores in the Health Locus of Control. Finally, people who showed a positive perception of their own health (Health Esteem) did not rely on these technologies. Discussion: Despite the huge spread of biofeedback technologies, our results disconfirmed the expectation that people having an active lifestyle or a disease were more familiar with biofeedback systems. The attitude toward such technologies seems to depend on individual tendencies.

Conclusions

This study suggests the importance to improve general public literacy on biofeedback technologies, tailor tools on their needs and characteristics, empower people's sense of internal health control for promoting a valid use and a proper knowledge of biofeedback.
Dual Relationships in Qualitative Research
Authors: Bourdeau Beth
Published: November 2020

With the potentially sensitive nature of qualitative family research, the process of these inquiries can come to resemble the therapeutic process. Therapy and research done by therapists and other family professionals share similar philosophical and structural qualities. Inherent in this is a structural power differential that opens the possibility for abuse of participants by researchers. Meara and Schmidt (1991) give four principles for guiding the treatment of qualitative research participants, however; they address only the relationship of researcher-participant and not the additional relationships that may arise from research. In this article, the author proposes some guidelines for relationships between the researcher and participant based on guidelines for therapists and their clients.
Revista Docencia Universitaria
Authors: Cardona Dra. Iliana
Published: November 2020

La Facultad de Humanidades a través de la Escuela de Estudios de Postgrado en el marco de sus funciones sustantivas: investigación, docencia y la extensión crea la Revista Docencia Universitaria, cuyo propósito es trasladar a la comunidad académica de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala y otras Universidades tanto nacionales como internacionales los resultados de estudios valiosos producto de investigaciones realizadas por estudiantes de maestrías, doctorados, docentes e investigadores de postgrado , que sin duda alguna conllevan reflexiones sobre temáticas de actualidad y de impacto para la docencia universitaria.
Cultura de paz, soporte de formación de estudiantes del profesorado en pedagogía
Authors: Yoc Pérez Luis Rolando
Published: November 2020

La investigación tiene como finalidad, identificar a la cultura de paz, como soporte fundamental del proceso de formación de los estudiantes universitarios, teniendo en cuenta que la educación superior es un factor de cohesión, que contribuye a disminuir la exclusión social y promover el respeto por la diversidad y especificidad de los individuos. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, con un diseño de investigación fenomenológico-hermenéutico, que determinó como la cultura de paz y la educación, se convierten en factores importantes, en la formación transversal de los estudiantes del profesorado de educación media en pedagogía y promotor en derechos humanos y cultura de paz, de la Facultad de Humanidades de la universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, además, conociendo  las percepciones y experiencias con la relación a la cultura de paz, de dichos estudiantes. La muestra está conformada por 12 estudiantes que cursan el 7º semestre del Profesorado de Enseñanza Media en Pedagogía. El estudio reconoce que los estudiantes, manifiestan que las fuentes, que permiten la construcción de los contenidos de la cultura de paz, en el proceso de formación de los mismos, están vinculadas alrededor de los conflictos sociales, que permiten el generar nuevos conocimientos de armonía y convivencia social. Se concluye que la percepción de los estudiantes, con relación a los contenidos académicos de cultura de paz, es que los mismos, deben promover  actitudes y comportamientos, que permitan la coexistencia de personas, cuya realidad política, social, económica, religiosa y cultural es diferente.
Electroencefalografía en Tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar
Published: November 2020

El electroencefalograma (EEG) es de gran utilidad diagnóstica en la evaluación de pacientes neurológicos, no solamente en personas con epilepsia, sino también en aquellos con encefalopatías focales o difusas de origen estructural, tóxico, metabólico o infeccioso. Por tratarse, en la mayoría de los casos, de un procedimiento que puede ser programado sin mayor urgencia, la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 ha condicionado una reducción considerable en el número de EEGs realizados. De hecho, una encuesta realizada en 206 centros neurofisiológicos en Italia, demostró una reducción en las tres cuartas partes de EEGs realizados en dichos centros a partir de abril del presente año. Además de dicha reducción, los pacientes con infección demostrada por SARS-CoV-2 fueron sometidos aún menos a este procedimiento diagnóstico que aquellos no infectados. Prácticas rutinarias durante la práctica de un EEG, tales como la hiperventilación, han sido dejadas a un lado en muchos centros debido al riesgo de contagio al personal que está realizando el examen.
Presentación Rara de Síndrome Antifosfolípido Primario Asociado a Hiperhomocisteinemia Como Causa de Enfermedad Cerebrovascular Isquémica Recurrente en Varón Joven.
Authors: Neyra-León Jesús , Aparcana-Machado Juliana
Published: November 2020

Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 38 años con antecedentes de enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica recurrente sin etiología determinada y trombosis venosa en miembros inferiores. Debido a la diversidad etiológica del infarto cerebral en un adulto joven, se le hizo una serie de exámenes clínicos, con lo cual se obtuvo el diagnóstico de un síndrome antifosfolípido primario asociado a hiperhomocisteinemia. Orientado el diagnóstico, se le dio terapia con anticoagulantes y pulsos de corticoides; posterior a lo cual mejoró. El Síndrome Antifosfolípido forma parte del diagnóstico diferencial en mujeres jóvenes con infarto cerebral, de las cuales la mayoría se ha reportado casos en su forma secundaria, pero encontrarlo en forma primaria y más aún en un paciente varón es raro. Asimismo, el aumento de valores de homocisteína está relacionada con la gravedad del primer evento cerebrovascular, mas no con eventos recurrentes.
PURIFICACIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE INHIBIDORES DE PAPAÍNA PROVENIENTES DE SEMILLAS DE AMARANTO (Amaranthus caudatus) Y FRIJOL (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Ruiz Tapia Tannya Elizabeth , Jácome Camacho Gonzalo Rafael , Sinche Serra Marco Vinicio , Castillo Domínguez Juan Patricio , Avilés Puigvert Francesc Xavier , Hernández de la Torre Martha
Published: November 2020

Los inhibidores de proteasas vegetales con frecuencia son proteínas de baja masa molar, presentes en tejidos de almacenamiento y aéreos de las plantas. Su expresión se induce en respuesta al daño por insectos y microorganismos patógenos y el contenido de estos inhibidores puede ser alto en órganos de cereales y leguminosas. Bajo la premisa de que la combinación de técnicas de purificación de proteínas de baja y alta resolución permite incrementar la actividad específica de inhibidores de proteasas presentes en tejidos vegetales, el objetivo de este estudio fue aislar, purificar y caracterizar bioquímicamente inhibidores de papaína a partir de semillas de amaranto (Amaranthus caudatus) y frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris). El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar para seleccionar las técnicas de baja resolución que incrementan significativamente (p≤0.05) el grado de purificación de los extractos tratados. En todos los estudios se hicieron tres repeticiones y las mediciones se realizaron por triplicado. A partir de harinas de semillas de amaranto y frijol se obtuvieron extractos proteicos crudos que después se ultrafiltraron en membranas de 10 kDa. Las fracciones de baja masa molar se purificaron por cromatografía de afinidad en papaína-glioxil-sepharosa 6B-CL. El extracto crudo de amaranto presentó actividad inhibidora de 1.177 ± 0.067 mU·mL-1 y el de frijol 1.556 ± 0.542 mU·mL-1. Los extractos con purificación parcial de amaranto y frijol se purificaron por cromatografía de afinidad en papaína-glioxil-sepharosa 6B-CL, hasta 137.5 y 79.1 veces, respectivamente. La masa molar estimada fue 7.50 kDa para el inhibidor de amaranto y 8.20 kDa para el de frijol. El inhibidor de amaranto mostró inhibición competitiva con Ki de 0.872 µM, mientras que la del frijol fue no competitiva y con Ki de 0.058 µM. Esto evidencia la presencia de inhibidores de cisteíno proteasas en las semillas de amaranto y frijol.
ESTADO NUTRIMENTAL E INFESTACIÓN EN Pseudotsuga menziesii POR EL TIZÓN SUIZO (Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii) EN AQUIXTLA, PUEBLA
Authors: Quiroz-Ibáñez Iván Fermín , Cetina-Alcalá Víctor Manuel , López-López Miguel Ángel , García-Díaz Silvia Edith , Vargas-Hernández J. Jesús
Published: November 2020

Las plantaciones de árboles de navidad con la especie Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco ocupan 10% de la superficie total de este tipo de plantaciones en México. El tizón suizo es una enfermedad propia de del género Pseudotsuga, originada por el hongo Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii (T. Rohde) Petrak (1938). Los principales síntomas incluyen follaje clorótico y abscisión prematura de acículas infectadas, lo que resulta en copas ralas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre la fertilización química y el estado nutrimental de los árboles con los niveles de severidad e incidencia de la enfermedad. La hipótesis fue que hay una correlación entre el estado nutrimental y la variación del grado de infestación del tizón suizo en P. menziesii. El estudio se estableció en el predio multifuncional “El Manantial” en Aquixtla, Puebla. Los tratamientos fueron fertilización con urea y sulfato de potasio y control fitosanitario químico con propiconazol y prochloraz. El diseño experimental fue bloques al azar generalizado, evaluando dos factores controlados con tres niveles (factorial 32) y como factor de confusión o bloqueo el nivel visual de transparencia de copa asociado al tizón suizo. La incidencia y la severidad se evaluaron. Los resultados del ANDEVA no indicaron diferencias significativas. De las variables nutrimentales las de mayor asociación a la severidad e incidencia fueron el contenido de Ca y Mn, y en menor medida, Cu, Mg y N. Entre los tratamientos se observaron antagonismos y sinergismos con efecto en el estado nutrimental. Los fungicidas influyen en la absorción, transporte y asimilación de los nutrimentos.
Diagnostic accuracy of B-scan in predicting retinoblastoma in children, taking Magnetic Resonance Imaging of orbits as gold standard
Authors: Saba Murad  , Ishtiaq Ahmed  , Hania Ali  , Maria Ghani  , Sana Murad
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of B-scan in predicting retinoblastoma (Rb) taking Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a gold standard. A cross-sectional validation study was conducted in the Radiology Department of Fauji Foundation Hospital from  May 20 to Nov 20, 2017. Children fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected after informed consent and detailed history was taken for investigation of Rb. B-scan of both eyes was done using 7.5-10 MHz probe, followed by MRI of both eyes in the same patients using 1.5 Tesla MRI machine with the help of qualified MRI technicians. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 16.0. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of B-scan in prediction of Rb as compared to MRI was 90.45%, 82.28%, 90.54% and 90.28% respectively. The study concluded that diagnostic accuracy of B-scan as compared to MRI is substantial in Retinoblastoma. Continuous...
The Management and Leaderhip of Non-Governmental Organizations in Sabah
Authors: Mohd Rusdy Siti Noor Fazariah Bt Suis @ , Fahrudin Adi
Published: November 2020

This is a concept paper on the management and leadership of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Literature reviews from previous studies were discussed in giving a thorough understanding on the management process and the leadership practised by the NGO’s leaders in their stands of their clients. The discussion on literature reviews includes the management and leadership trend of some NGO’s in Malaysia and then highlighting some major issues and challenges faced by that NGO’s and provides some strategies in terms of the management and leadership process in responding toward client’s right and the development of the non-governmental organizations.
Family Psychosocial Problem and Role of Psychoeducation in the Improvement of the Quality of Life of the Ex Mental Patient
Authors: Yusuf Husmiati
Published: November 2020

Family plays an important role in maintaining and treating a psychotic mental patient in society. Treatment and family support are believed to accelerate the recovery of ex-psychotic mental patients. However, families often face psychosocial problems either directly or indirectly because they have family members who are psychotic. Psychosocial problems include anxiety, stress, loss of hope, loss of sense, shame and guilt. Families are also experiencing financial problems, disruptions in social activity, and physical health damage. Therefore psychoeducation for families with family members who have psychotic mental illnesses is considered very important to improve the quality of life of former mental patients.
Assessing Need for Training Postgraduate on Social Security in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyễn Hai Trung
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to assess the Need for Training Postgraduate on Social Security in Vietnam. Base on questionnaires from 400 to staff working in the field of social security and deep interviews of 30 people which are experts, lecturers in university, the result of this study has described a general picture about need of social security training. Specifically, findings show that: for the Strengths and Opportunities: First, the State always has the right policies on social security. Ensuring social security for every people is the consistent policy in Vietnam; Second, the social security units are increasingly being developed in terms of quantity and quality; Third, human resources in this area are enthusiastic, experience and qualified but just some of them have degree related to social security; Fourth, there has been a great deal of interest from the State for improving the quality of human resources in supplementing their knowledge of Social Security through National programs and projects; Fifth, educational institutions have been paying more attention, spending more time and funds for the training and developing capacity of lecturers in social security; Sixth, numbers of educational institutions having social security subjects in their training curriculum have increased faster. Weakness and Threats: First, despite the attention of the Party and the State, Vietnam social security policy system is scattered, overlapped; Second, number of staff working in the social security sector is largely unskilled and unqualified in term of social security knowledge; Third, for educational institutions: there has been interest and investment in research, teaching and training in the social security industry but still limited; lecturers with a degree in Social Security are also very limited. Most of them switched from other specialization; most of the educational institutions do not have clear orientation to develop Social Security curriculum at postgraduate level; the syllabus for social security topics is not much. Many new curriculums are translated from foreign materials so some contents are not completely suitable with the situation of Vietnam; currently, there is no social security training code. Base on the SOWT, this paper has discussed and recommended solutions to develop social security training program at postgraduate level to meet the need of high quality human resources on social security in Vietnam.
Emotions, Emotional Intelligence and Professional Practice in Caring Professions
Authors: Ibrahim Habibie Bte Hj , Jarimal Norhamidah , Md Nawi Nurul Hudani , Megat Puteri Hayati
Published: November 2020

This paper based on literature review relates to emotions, emotional intelligence (EI) and their contributions to working relationships and decision-making processes are explored, particularly in social work settings. Little research has been conducted regarding emotion and Emotional Intelligence in the social work context. However, other caring professions such as health and nursing placed great emphasis on the importance of EI in their practice. Illness and healing processes occur within the context of relationships, and relationships are important frameworks for conceptualizing health care. This paper therefore aims to reveal the potential contributions of EI to working relationships with clients and decision-making processes in social work. This paper may provide some useful information for individuals and organizations as to how they can benefit from such contributions in order to develop more effective social work practices.
The Relationship of Parenting Styles of Parents and Exploration and Commitment in the Identity Formation of Occupations for Late Adolescents: A Study on the Identity Formation of Late Adolescents in the City and the Village
Authors: Maryami Ami
Published: November 2020

Ami Maryami, The Relationship of Parenting Styles of Parents and Exploration and Commitment on the Identity Formation of Occupations for Late Adolescents (A Study on the Identity Formation of Late Adolescents in the City and the Village). The research aims to find out 1) the relation of parenting styles of parents to exploration and commitment to the identity formation of occupations of late adolescents, 2) the different styles of parenting by parents, and 3) exploration and commitment differences on the identity formation of occupations of late adolescents, among those who live in the village and the city. The object of research is high school students who were in the third year (late adolescents) who live in Bandung Regency and the City of Bandung. The sampling technique used was two-cluster sampling, and n = 116 was obtained for late adolescents in the village and 116 for the late adolescents in the city. To examine the hypothesis in order to see whether it has a correlation or not, Pearson Correlation was used, while the t-test was used to see whether there were any differences. The research result revealed that there is a correlation between parenting styles of parents and exploration and commitment on identity formation of occupations of late adolescents who live in the village and the city. There is no difference in parenting styles of parents who live in the village and the city, and there is no difference in identity formation of occupations of late adolescents in the village and the city, but there is a difference in commitment in identity formation of occupations of late adolescents among those in the village and the city.
Poverty Alleviation Policy in West Java Province
Authors: Anah Kunyati Siti , Widiowati Didiet
Published: November 2020

Poverty and social welfare issues show an increase over time, both in the number, and the quality. On the other hand, the policy responses to social welfare issues from various parties are not sufficient to tackle those problems. This study aims to describe poverty and policy of West Java Provincial Government in poverty alleviation. The research is expected to contribute to the improvement of policy in poverty alleviation and affect the condition of West Java society to be more prosperous. The research design is Qualitative Descriptive. The informants are several Civil State Apparatuses who are capable to represent Regional Work Unit/ Organization at the provincial level. Data Collecting Techniques consist of interviews, focus group discussions, and documentation studies. Data Validation is done using triangulation between data sources and techniques. The results showed that West Java's economy grew on average above 5%, while the average poverty reduction rate was only 0.46% per year. These conditions have an impact on the increased number of people who are below the poverty threshold and also affect the index of depth and severity of poverty. The situation is similar for other social welfare issues, such as socio-economic vulnerable groups, homeless, beggars, and scavengers, neglected elderly, and children who need social protection. To overcome those problems, several policies have been prepared. The obstacle is, social welfare planning and policy are often only viewed as a complement to development planning and policy framework when they should be considered as an integrative, priority and substantive element that must be implemented. Various regulations and policies on poverty alleviation and other social welfare issues are still limited. Regulation at the central level is sufficient, but local governments have not been fully able to describe and operationalize it with various rules, either at the level of Regional Regulation, Governor Regulation, Mayor Regulation, or Regent Regulation. Legislation regulation and poverty alleviation are government’s (central and local) full responsibility, so coordination and a common commitment are needed to address poverty and increase equity. West Java Provincial Policy needs to prioritize efforts to increase funding through funding synergies with central and district / city governments in order to finance more comprehensive and broader poverty reduction programs.
Experience of a Childbirth Mother Assisted by Shaman Paraji: A Phenomenology Study in Sumber Lor Village, Babakan Sub-District, Cirebon Regency
Authors: Prihatini Fitria , Fahrudin Adi , Nursanti Irna
Published: November 2020

In Cirebon District the percentage of women giving birth was helped by health workers as much as 91.7%, while the remaining 8.3% was helped by health workers. In Sumber Lor, Babakan, the number of women giving birth in 2016 was 121 people. The results of interviews with traditional birth attendants that women were helped in 2016 amounted to 6 people. This study aims to explore the meaning and meaning of the mother's experience giving birth helped by the paraji shaman in Sumber Lor Village, Babakan Sub-district, Cirebon District. This study uses a phenomenological study approach. Subjects in this study were 7 women who gave birth assisted by a traditional birth attendant. Traditional birth attendant 2 and husband of 6 people as supporting participants. The results obtained in the study of maternal experience were helped by the paraji shaman in the village of Sumber Lor, Babakan Subdistrict, Cirebon Regency, which is the reason that some people still choose the paraji shaman as their birth attendant with a paraji dukun because these women want labor done at home (homebirth), The other is the cause of some people who still want to be helped by a traditional birth attendant because they feel comfortable giving birth by a traditional birth attendant, and the paraji shaman does a complete and caring service until the mother recovers and the baby's belly button is cured. Family support is one of the factors why maternity is assisted by traditional birth attendants, patience of traditional birth attendants when helping, and trust in the shaman, the assumption of the community to the midwife and midwife is the same as helping mothers give birth. The simple thinking of the community, which is important to survive during childbirth, makes them believe and believe in the paraji shaman and the cheap and complete costs are also a motivation for mothers who give birth.
Impact of Maltreatment: Psychosocial Experience of Parentless School Going Adolescents
Authors: Suppiah Hariharathamotharan , Abyesinghe Dilrukshi , Jeevasuthan S.
Published: November 2020

The present study examines the impact of maltreatment among the Parentless School Going Adolescents (PSGAs) and their psychosocial experiences in Northern Provence in Sri Lanka. Prevalence of PSGAs’ exposure to maltreatment can be understood considering the size of PSGAs exposed and their experiences, how exposure impacts PSGAs psychosocial development, factors that increase risk or provide protection against the negative effects of exposure, and the types of interventions that can be implemented to mitigate harmful effects. Participants (PSGAs) were recruited from two districts; namely Kilinochchi and Mullaithivu. Participants with recent experiences and had psychosocial distress were examined. 30 cases {[Female=18 (60%), Male=12 (40%)] and [Mean Age=14.7, SD=1.9]}, were recruited using purposive sampling techniques. An exploratory approach was adopted and semi-structured interview was conducted as the present study aims to have an in- depth understanding on various elements of maltreatment experiences. The questions were mostly open-ended and were intended to be used as a guide to explore or capture as much as possible the PSGAs’ thoughts and feelings about his/her experiences. Content analysis was used to identify common themes related to the objective. Twenty two cases (73.3%) were subject to maltreatment by care takers and their family members. The three most frequent types of relationships to the PSGAs were grandparents (9 cases), uncle (6 cases), and aunty (2 cases). Others included cousin (3), and brother-in-law (2). Maltreated by other people occurred in 21 cases (70 %). This included neighbor (7 cases), total stranger (4), friend’s parents (4), friend (2), teacher (2), priest (1) and servant (1). Many PSGAs faced with multiple maltreatment. Maltreatment occurs on the background of caretaker’s dysfunction and sociocultural factors. The findings underscore the need of providing support for caretakers so they can provide better care of PSGAs. Psychosocial intervention should be individualized to meet the needs of each PSGA. Further research is needed to clarify the issues of risk and protective factors in the post-war context in Northern Provence.
Identifying Parties of Support System to Prevent Suicide Behavior of Adolescents
Authors: Alfrojems Alfrojems , Eka Santi Kanya , Chairani Chairani
Published: November 2020

Suicide cases are a worldwide phenomenon, especially if the perpetrators of suicide are Adolescents, so it is not surprising that 7 (seven) suicides committed by adolescents in Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia are an interesting case to explore and traced. This article aims to explore information about suicidal behavior in adolescents, especially in the area of Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The research method in this article is qualitative with descriptive type. The results of this study indicate that there are a number of conditions that cause adolescents in Dompu regency to become vulnerable in committing suicide, this is also followed by quite strong reasons. In addition, this study also succeeded in exploring several parties who were able to play a role in preventing suicide behavior in adolescents. The recommendations presented in this article are the need to strengthen support through educational institutions that involve peers to provide support to other adolescents so as to be able to find solutions to any problems experienced and be able to prevent suicidal behavior in adolescents.
Music and Medicine in the Age of Singularity and Intuitivity
Authors: Loewy Joanne V , Spintge Ralph
Published: November 2020

Artificial Intelligence has been gaining momentum, causing a significant stir in our expanding world of global technology. The accelerated rate of growth in the engineering of knowledge cannot be denied, and has resulted in division amongst scientists, bio-engineers and industry developers for a variety reasons...
Big Data and Priorities in Healthcare
Authors: Spintge Ralph , Loewy Joanne V
Published: November 2020

Big Data is changing health care and health professions rapidly and fundamentally. One national company promises to extract from their data statements like: we know which patient will die within 6 weeks or a year, we know how much her/his treatment will cost, and so forth
Music, Music Therapy and Trauma
Authors: Porges Stephen W. , Rossetti Andrew
Published: November 2020

This special issue of ‘Music and Medicine’ entitled ‘Music, Music Therapy and Trauma’ highlights the important role that music therapy may play in the treatment of trauma-related disorders...
Use of Acoustically Modified Music to Reduce Auditory Hypersensitivity in Children
Authors: Lucker Jay R. , Doman Alex
Published: November 2020

Background: Some children cannot tolerate sounds so their systems “shut down” and stop taking in what they hear, or they fight not to listen or run away from listening situations.  Research has demonstrated that the underlying problem is not with the children’s auditory systems, but with the connections between the auditory system (listening) and the emotional system leading the children to have over sensitivities to sound and respond with negative emotional reactions when listening1,2.One treatment found effective in helping children with hypersensitive hearing is the use of specially recorded and acoustically modified music and sound, such as found in The Listening Program® (TLP)3.  Following a regiment of daily listening to this music, research has demonstrated significant improvements in listening (called auditory processing) and educational performance as noted by greater focusing and listening in the classroom, improvements in educational performance on standardized measures, and greater participation in educational activities4,5. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to discuss TLP describing some of the acoustic methods used to enhance the sound to make it therapeutic for listening. Methods: What specific music was chosen and why that music is used is discussed.  An overview of the material and equipment used in TLP training is presented.  To demonstrate the effectiveness of TLP training, research completed on children who went through such training is presented as well. Results: Review of the research on the effectiveness of TLP demonstrates that the use of the specially recorded music, significant improvements can be found in children’s listening, auditory processing, and educational abilities.
Musikalisierung: How a Despondent Mind Shapes Thought into Music: A young boy’s journey & music therapy from an insider's point of view
Authors: Von der Nahmer Mike
Published: November 2020

Since the age of six I have dealt with a debilitating depression. Unwilling to simply roll over and let it have at me I’ve sought to turn the spotlight onto it; to study it, put it into strange places, learn how to understand it and the mechanism driving it. My aim has always been to discover what causes depression to shift or disappear entirely...for a time. Interesting for me was to find a pathway through music. This path has demanded a great deal of attention and energy over the last thirty years and will continue, I imagine, for the next thirty. Depression is both a blessing and a curse, putting me on the course I am on today as a music therapist, sound researcher, composer and maker of transformative theater.