bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Sahara (Mega)periods during the Pliocene: What was the role of North Atlantic Ocean temperature?
Authors: Crocker Anya , Jewell Amy , Mitsunaga Bryce , Buchanan Solana , Westerhold Thomas , Röhl Ursula , Russell James , Herbert Timothy , Wilson Paul
Published: July 2022

The Sahel region is one of the most vulnerable regions on Earth to anthropogenically-driven climate change, but also one of the least equipped to deal with the consequences. Predictions of precipitation levels over the forthcoming centuries diverge, not only in magnitude, but also in the sign of change. One key aspect of this uncertainty comes from the role of Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures (SST), which are known to exert a strong control over precipitation in the Sahel and are implicated in both the major drought of the late 20th century and extreme droughts associated with the Heinrich events of the last glacial. To better understand how Sahelian hydroclimate may respond to SST variability in a warmer world, we turn to the Pliocene epoch, when atmospheric CO2 levels were comparable to present.

 

We studied sediments from Ocean Drilling Project Site 659, which is situated in the subtropical North Atlantic beneath the major modern summer Saharan dust plume. Our dust accumulation and X-ray fluorescence core scan data indicate that there were major shifts between highly arid conditions and humid intervals with vegetated or “Green Sahara” conditions over much of northern Africa, driven by both solar insolation and glacial-interglacial variability. We also report three unusually long Plio-Pliocene humid intervals (each lasting ca. 100 kyr), characterised by very low dust emissions, that we term “Green Sahara Megaperiods (GSMPs)”. All three of these GSMPs occur at times when insolation variability was weak resulting in values close to the long-term mean. This observation strongly suggests that factors other than insolation drove the sustained humidity of GSMPs. We present paired alkenone SST estimates and multi-species planktonic foramaniferal isotope records from 3.5–2.3 Myr ago to explore the extent to which the GSMPs were accompanied by intervals of extended warmth in the surface waters of the North Atlantic Ocean.
The Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheet configuration at the warm Pliocene
Authors: Blasco Javier , Tabone Ilaria , Moreno Daniel , Swierczek-Jereczek Jan , Juarez-Martinez Antonio , Perez-Montero Sergio , Robinson Alexander , Alvarez-Solas Jorge , Montoya Marisa
Published: July 2022

Due to anthropogenic global warming since the pre-industrial era, sea level has been rising along with global temperature. This sea-level rise is due to thermal expansion of the ocean and melting of mountain glaciers and continental ice sheets, mainly Greenland (GrIS) and Antarctica (AIS). The latter are the potential largest contributors as they store a total amount of 63 meters of sea-level rise in the form of ice. Modelling studies agree that these ice sheets will melt more in the future, however results differ due to associated uncertainty in representing several physical processes, as well as in assessing warming projections. Past warm scenarios can help to elucidate this uncertainty as we can obtain information, such as the sea-level standings, the ice extension from continental ice sheets and infer global temperatures from proxy records. The mid-Pliocene warm period (3.3-3.0 million years ago) offers an ideal benchmark, as it is the most recent period with CO2 levels comparable to the present-day (PD; 350-450 ppmv), although showing global mean temperatures 2.5-4.0 degrees higher. The inferred sea-level reconstructions from that period estimate a sea level standing of 15-20 meters higher than PD. Whereas the modern GrIS was starting to form, the AIS was restricted to its eastern region due to warm oceanic temperatures. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 2 (PlioMIP2) has brought together various climate outputs from different general circulation models to elucidate the pliocene climate conditions. Here we force a higher-order ice sheet model with these climatic outputs at a high spatial resolution. Our aim is to investigate how polar continental ice sheets respond to these different climatic fields and to infer tipping values that can lead these ice sheets to drastically change their topographic shape.
Assessing late Pliocene climate variability over glacial-interglacial timescales (PlioVAR)
Authors: McClymont Erin , Ho Sze Ling , Ford Heather , White Sarah , Groenveld Jeroen , Bolton Clara , Thirumalai Kau , Grant Georgia , Patterson Molly , Alonso-Garcia Montserrat , Hoogakker Babette
Published: July 2022

The Pliocene epoch (~2.6-5.3 million years ago) is one of the best resolved examples of a climate state in long-term equilibrium with current or predicted near-future atmospheric CO2 concentrations, characterised by a globally warmer climate, reduced continental ice volume, and reduced ocean/atmosphere circulation intensity compared to today. Towards the end of the Pliocene, there was a marked increase in glaciation in the northern hemisphere and atmospheric CO2 concentrations declined.

The Past Global Changes (PAGES) PlioVAR working group aimed to co-ordinate a synthesis of terrestrial and marine data to characterise spatial and temporal variability of Pliocene climate, underpinned by high quality data sets supported by robust stratigraphies. Here we present some of the main findings of this synthesis effort, including new assessments of ocean temperatures during the KM5c interglacial, and recent work assessing orbital-scale climate variability across the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene northern hemisphere ice-sheet growth. We outline our approaches to integrating multi-proxy data recording ocean temperatures, d18O and sea-level variability from a globally distributed suite of marine sediment cores. We explore regional expressions of environmental change across this transition, identifying asynchronous trends and patterns in climate changes. We consider how these results might inform our understanding of past climate forcings and feedbacks during both warm intervals of the past and the development of larger ice sheets in the northern hemisphere.
Terrestrial paleoclimate and paleoenvironments from the Pliocene: case studies from the Meade Basin, Kansas, USA and the Baringo Basin, Kenya
Authors: Lukens William , Fox David , Beverly Emily , Kingston John
Published: July 2022

The Pliocene Epoch is a high priority for understanding climatic and geomorphic responses to rising CO2 levels, yet the majority of paleoclimate records from this interval are from marine basins. Paleosols (fossil soils) preserve in situ archives of terrestrial paleoclimate, paleovegetation, and surface processes. This presentation showcases ongoing efforts to leverage paleosols from Pliocene deposits in North America and eastern Africa to develop quantitative estimates of mean annual precipitation (MAP), temperature (MAT) and paleovegetation (C3 vs. C4 biomass). We use a previously published random-forest recursive partitioning model (RF-MAP) that reconstructs MAP values using 10 major and minor elemental oxides from paleosol B horizons as input variables and is applicable on most soil types in most climate regimes. Our work in the Meade Basin of Kansas, USA, shows evidence of expanding and contracting wetlands during the Pliocene, with paleosols consisting of Vertisols to Aridisols depending on geomorphic position. Average paleoprecipitation totals appear to be near the semi-arid to subhumid boundary (~500 mm, similar to modern values) and remain steady across the Pliocene through early Pleistocene. Pliocene deposits of the Baringo Basin of central Kenya consists of orbitally-controlled lacustrine-alluvial cycles. Paleosols tend to be Vertisols in lowland marsh to alluvial plain settings, however localized Andisols and Inceptisols are also present. Our continuing efforts include analyses of pedogenic carbonate formation temperatures from clumped isotopes (Δ47) development of paleovegetation records from δ13C analyses on pedogenic carbonates and organic matter, and application of the RF-MAP model on Baringo Basin paleosols.  
Terrestrial hydroclimate reconstructions of ‘fossil rainwater’ from Arabian arid-zone speleothems 
Authors: Markowska Monika , Vonhof Hubert B. , Groucutt Huw , Petraglia Michael D. , Scholz Denis , Weber Michael , Gerdes Axel , Martin Ashley N. , Haug Gerald
Published: July 2022

The global development and modern distribution of arid zones in subtropical regions (drylands) are likely associated with the global cooling marking the dawn of the Quaternary (~2.6 Ma). This coincides with global shifts in ocean circulation patterns, the intensification of the Walker-Hadley circulation, declining atmospheric CO2, the initiation of glacial–interglacial cycles and the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation, the combination of which has led to the current global distribution of non-polar deserts at ~30° latitude. Although modern drylands represent Earth’s largest terrestrial biome, covering ~46% of global land surfaces and supporting a global population of ~3 billion people, it is currently unclear how drylands will change under future climate change scenarios.

 

Speleothems, preserved in arid-zone caves, are particularly useful terrestrial climate archives as they act as underground rain gauges, which require a minimum of ~300 mm a-1 precipitation, pedogenesis and vegetation cover to form. Moreover, they can be accurately and precisely dated and are subsequently a valuable tool in identifying past large-scale hydrological and vegetation changes in ancient drylands. Here, we present new data from speleothems during past ‘warm periods’ from the Arabian hyper-arid zone. We apply a novel technique of extracting speleothem fluid inclusions waters to reconstruct the isotopic composition (d18O and d2H) of ‘fossil rainwater’ preserved in the speleothem fabric pristinely over millions of years. Speleothem evidence suggests that during the last 7 million years, the Sahara-Arabian desert experienced numerous intermittent humid phases, typically occurring with periods of low global ice-volume and warmer global temperatures. We further explore tropical push-pull mechanisms driving heating of the deep tropics and subsequent expansion of the tropical zone and synchronicity of humid phases regionally. These results have significant implications for understanding the drivers of dryland aridity in non-polar deserts globally. 
On the identification of an Early Pliocene time slice target for data-model comparison
Authors: Dolan Aisling , Hunter Stephen , Haywood Alan , Dowsett Harry
Published: July 2022

Following the first Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), data-model comparisons showed that regionally there were significant discrepancies between predictions of climate. Uncertainties in the prescribed climate model forcings and in proxy data were shown to limit our ability to truly evaluate the models. In part this uncertainty was due to the proxy reconstructions being based on a time slab (of ~300,000 years). Haywood et al (2013) identified a time slice within the Piacenzian that presented a target for modellers and the data community for reconstructing a mid-Pliocene climate and environment. This time slice centred on 3.205 Ma (3.204–3.207 Ma) is a warm interval characterized by a negative benthic oxygen isotope excursion (0.21–0.23‰) centred on marine isotope stage KM5c (KM5.3). It occurred during a period of orbital forcing that was very similar to present day. This time slice became the key target for the second Pliocene Modelling Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP2) and data reconstructions led by the USGS PRISM Group and the PAGES PlioVAR group. 

As part of the planning for PlioMIP3, the community is considering whether a simulation in the Early Pliocene (5.3 – 3.6 Ma) would be a useful target for modelling groups. To this end, we show plausible time slices during the Early Pliocene that have similar to modern orbital forcing.  As derived from the astronomical solution (Laskar et al 2004), we use the annual insolation pattern at the top of the atmosphere to determine which time slices have the most similar to modern orbital configuration.  We consider 10 different solutions between 3.6 and 5.0 Ma alongside the Lisiecki and Raymo (2004) and Ahn et al (2017) benthic oxygen isotope records and the record of magnetic reversals (Gradstein et al (2020)).  We identify two negative isotope excursions that could provide a target for proxy data collection to compare to a PlioMIP3 Early Pliocene simulation.   
Expanding PlioVAR to PlioMioVAR
Authors: Ford Heather L.
Published: July 2022

For decades the mid-Pliocene warm period has been a data-model comparison target (PlioMIP, PlioVAR, PRISM). During the mid-Pliocene warm period (~3.2 Ma), global temperatures are estimated to be ~2.3°C warmer than today and atmospheric CO2 is estimated at ~350-400. However, as modern atmospheric concentrations rise above 410 ppm, it is increasingly necessary to expand our efforts to other periods of sustained warmth. There is community interest in expanding into the Miocene (~23.03 to 5.33 Ma) when atmospheric CO2 was ~600 ppm. Additionally, the ice sheet expansion and cooling of the mid-Miocene Climate Transition presents another opportunity to study threshold climate changes and forcing mechanisms, much like the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation during the Pliocene, a PlioVAR scientific objective.  Launching the MioPlioVAR Working Group will provide a framework for sharing best practices in community-wide engagement, database building and data-model comparison.

The MioPlioVAR Working Group has three main goals. The first is to maintain the existing PlioVAR database and expand to the Miocene by synthesizing climate records and including age model quality metadata. This will help identify the Miocene target for data-model comparison (likely the Miocene Climate Optimum) and identify gaps in our current Miocene paleoclimate records (temporal resolution, spatial coverage, proxy confidence). The second is to explore new data-model comparison studies to characterize climate variability including transient model simulations and coupled models with biogeochemistry. The third is to compare the long-term evolution of Pliocene and Miocene climate and consider forcing mechanisms like tectonic gateways or CO2.
Mid-Pliocene West African Monsoon rainfall as simulated in the PlioMIP2 ensemble 
Authors: Berntell Ellen
Published: July 2022

The mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP; ∼ 3.2 million years ago) is seen as the most recent time period characterized by a warm climate state, with similar to modern geography and ∼ 400 ppmv atmospheric CO2 concentration, and is therefore often considered an interesting analogue for near-future climate projections. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions indicate higher surface temperatures, decreasing tropical deserts, and a more humid climate in West Africa characterized by a strengthened West African Monsoon (WAM). Using model results from the second phase of the Pliocene Modelling Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP2) ensemble, we analyze changes of the WAM rainfall during the mPWP by comparing them with the control simulations for the pre-industrial period. The ensemble shows a robust increase in the summer rainfall over West Africa and the Sahara region, with an average increase of 2.5mm/d, contrasted by a rainfall decrease over the equatorial Atlantic. An anomalous warming of the Sahara and deepening of the Saharan Heat Low, seen in >90% of the models, leads to a strengthening of the WAM and an increased monsoonal flow into the continent. A similar warming of the Sahara is seen in future projections using both phase 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5). Though previous studies of future projections indicate a west–east drying–wetting contrast over the Sahel, PlioMIP2 simulations indicate a uniform rainfall increase in that region in warm climates characterized by increasing greenhouse gas forcing. We note that this effect will further depend on the long-term response of the vegetation to the CO2 forcing. 
Warm Pliocene- as archived in Himalayan Landforms
Authors: Kumari Anjali , Singh Sarabjeet
Published: July 2022

The warm Pliocene is believed to be one of the most recent historical analogs of warm periods and is often used as a prototype to study and predict future climate change. Therefore the majority of landscape and drainage changes that are earmarked to happen during this period have dominant climatic forces as their shaping phenomenon. Significant information about the Pliocene climate can be extracted from the paleo-dynamic nature of such landforms. Recent advances in landform and climate modeling have added to the significance of these studies to paleoclimate research.

 In the Himalayas, the strong coupling of exhumation and erosion is an accepted generalization. Erosion is explicitly a function of climate in this zone dominated by the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). Therefore any past decoupling between exhumation and erosion indicates a strong climatic perturbation.

Some recent studies focused on the dynamic nature of landforms have reported decoupling of Exhumation-Erosion pair during Miocene-Pliocene in North-Western Himalayas. The present study has also tried to build on these findings by modeling the paleo-dynamic nature of drainage divides to decipher the paleoclimate of NW Himalayas. The study also highlights the role of climate in a focused exhumation in some zones. The modeled results were cross-examined using published Pliocene paleoclimate models. The strong coherence between published and modeled results manifests the importance of research in this domain.
Molecular perspectiveson Pliocene subtropical hydroclimate
Authors: Bhattacharya Tripti , Feng Ran
Published: July 2022

Geologic evidence suggests drastic reorganizations of subtropical terrestrial hydroclimate during past warm intervals, including the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period (MP, 3.3 to 3.0 Ma). These changes, which involved mesic conditions on subtropical continents, are at first glance at odds with theory that predicts subtropical drying in a warmer world.  The mechanisms and precise patterns of regional hydroclimate during the MP remain unclear. In this talk, I show that compound specific isotopic analyses of lipid biomarkers can be used to constrain the drivers of Pliocene subtropical hydroclimate, with special focus
on ongoing in western North America and other Mediterranean regions. Our results show that regional SST patterns play a key role in determining Pliocene subtropical hydroclimate. Moreover, we are able to identify similarities between Pliocene hydroclimate and current patterns of hydroclimate variability and change in subtropical regions, suggesting that the Pliocene can serve as an analog for understanding hydroclimate responses to anthropogenic warming.
EMO-5: a high-resolution multi-variable gridded meteorological dataset for Europe
Authors: Thiemig Vera , Gomes Goncalo N. , Skøien Jon O. , Ziese Markus , Rauthe-Schöch Armin , Rustemeier Elke , Rehfeldt Kira , Walawender Jakub P. , Kolbe Christine , Pichon Damien , Schweim Christoph , Salamon Peter
Published: July 2022

Abstract. In this paper we present EMO-5 (“European Meteorological Observations”, spatial resolution of 5 km), a European high-resolution, (sub-)daily, multi-variable
meteorological dataset built on historical and real-time observations
obtained by integrating data from 18 964 ground weather stations, four
high-resolution regional observational grids (i.e. CombiPrecip, ZAMG – INCA,
EURO4M-APGD, and CarpatClim), and one global reanalysis
(ERA-Interim/Land). EMO-5 includes the following at daily resolution: total precipitation,
temperatures (minimum and maximum), wind speed, solar radiation, and water
vapour pressure. In addition, EMO-5 also makes available 6-hourly
precipitation and mean temperature data. The raw observations from the ground
weather stations underwent a set of quality controls before SPHEREMAP and
Yamamoto interpolation methods were applied in order to estimate for each
5×5 km grid cell the variable value and its affiliated uncertainty,
respectively. The quality of the EMO-5 precipitation data was evaluated
through (1) comparison with two regional high-resolution datasets (i.e.
seNorge2 and seNorge2018), (2) analysis of 15 heavy precipitation events,
and (3) examination of the interpolation uncertainty. Results show that
EMO-5 successfully captured 80 % of the heavy precipitation events, and
that it is of comparable quality to a regional high-resolution dataset. The
availability of the uncertainty fields increases the transparency of the
dataset and hence the possible usage. EMO-5 (version 1) covers the time
period from 1990 to 2019, with a near real-time release of the latest
gridded observations foreseen with version 2. As a product of Copernicus,
the EU's Earth Observation Programme, the EMO-5 dataset is free and open, and
can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.2905/0BD84BE4-CEC8-4180-97A6-8B3ADAAC4D26 (Thiemig et
al., 2020).
Attribution of global evapotranspiration trends based on the Budyko framework
Authors: Li Shijie , Wang Guojie , Zhu Chenxia , Lu Jiao , Ullah Waheed , Hagan Daniel Fiifi Tawia , Kattel Giri , Peng Jian
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Actual evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential variable in the
hydrological process, linking carbon, water, and energy cycles. Global
ET has significantly changed in the warming climate. Although the increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) enhances atmospheric water demand due to global warming, it remains unclear how the dynamics of ET are affected. In this study, using multiple datasets, we disentangled the relative contributions of precipitation, net radiation, air temperature (T1), VPD, and wind speed on the annual ET linear trend using an advanced separation method that considers the Budyko framework. We found that the precipitation variability dominantly controls global ET in the dry climates, while the net radiation has substantial control over ET in the tropical regions, and VPD impacts ET trends in the boreal mid-latitude climate. The critical role of VPD in controlling ET trends is particularly emphasized due to its influence in controlling the carbon–water–energy cycle.
Deep through-flow in the Bight Fracture Zone
Authors: Petit Tillys , Thierry Virginie , Mercier Herlé
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) is exported from the Nordic
Seas into the Iceland Basin to feed the lower limb of the Meridional
Overturning Circulation. The Bight Fracture Zone (BFZ) is known to be a
major route for ISOW toward the Irminger Sea, but the role of this gateway
in the evolution of ISOW properties over the subpolar gyre is unclear. A
combination of ship-based and Deep-Argo data gathered between 2015 and 2018
allows us to investigate the pathways and hydrographic evolution of ISOW as
it flows through the BFZ, as well as its influence on the North Atlantic
Deep Water (NADW) properties in the Irminger Sea. The ISOW flow through the
BFZ amounts to 0.8 ± 0.2 Sv and is mainly fed by the lighter part of
the ISOW layer flowing west of 29–30∘ W as part of the East
Reykjanes Ridge Current in the Iceland Basin. In the rift valley of the BFZ,
between an eastern and a western sill, the bathymetry of the BFZ shapes a
cyclonic circulation along which the ISOW layer is homogenized. The largest
changes in ISOW properties are however observed downstream of the western
sill, at the exit of the BFZ. There, ISOW is mixed isopycnally with
comparatively fresher NADW circulating in the Irminger Sea. Hence, our
analysis reveals the key role of the BFZ through-flow in the salinification
of the NADW in the Irminger Current.
Kinder, Küche, Kirche, Kapital
Authors: Ohmann Richard
Published: July 2022

Strasser shows convincingly how her subject fits into the great capitalist transformation of our society. The shift from home production to factory production and the market is a main theme, naturally enough. Strasser also argues well that housework changed along paths previously established for capitalist labor in general. . . . Never Done [also] places itself squarely in the new tradition of scholarship that explores the historical construction of gender. Perhaps its main contribution in this area is to put the much-discussed idea of "separate spheres" in a context of material life.
Teaching Note: Reading the Romance; Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature
Authors: Ohmann Richard
Published: July 2022

The phenomenal success of romances has naturally stirred the contempt of high culture critics, and more recently the concern of feminists, who have generally understood these narratives as promoting a kind of false consciousness, coating patriarchal values with a frosting of fantasy. The "Smithton women" appropriated romances as a pleasure strictly theirs, an antidote to the endless claims made on them by husbands and children, and a defense of "female" values like emotional sharing and (more or less) egalitarian marriage. [...]for many, regular reading of these books fed a kind of proto-feminism that made for real gains in their lives, within the limits patriarchy sets for women.
Teaching in Bad Times
Authors: Ohmann Richard
Published: July 2022

[…] it seems a little timid, if not dangerously evasive, for people in and around education not to be entertaining dire thoughts about the challenges it may face and its future, given the specters that haunt capitalism today. I do not hear such thoughts among progressives, beyond worry and anger about continuing trends: privatization of this public good; casualizing of labor; severe funding cuts as states and localities struggle with big deficits; the relentless march of high-stakes tests. . . .I do expect more from educational workers on the left -- more than our usual plans to raise consciousness in individual classrooms and fight rear guard actions against deteriorating conditions of labor.
The Decline of the Professions
Authors: Ohmann Richard , Schrecker Ellen
Published: July 2022

The paradigm of an academic career- doctoral study, then a well charted ascent through the ranks, culminating in 25 or 30 or so years as a full professor, and tapering off with many years on an ample pension-was never guaranteed or anything like universal, but was a reasonable aspiration for a college graduate who loved physics or sociology or art history. Of those teaching in colleges and universities, around 75% are contingent workers: short contracts, no assurance of renewal, low pay, maybe health insurance but probably not, no pension fund, little if any say in faculty governance or in the making of curriculum, maybe no office and no phone, maybe several other jobs off the tenure track.
A Tribute to Richard Ohmann
Authors: Annas Pam , O'Malley Susan , Rosen Bob
Published: July 2022

Introduction to Tribute to Richard Ohmann
Talking to the Girls
Authors: Friedensohn Doris
Published: July 2022

Review of Talking to the Girls, by Edvige Giunta and Mary Anne Trasciatti
Predator
Authors: Brandt Christopher Hirschmann
Published: July 2022

Poetry
Contributors' Notes
Authors: Kennedy Christopher
Published: July 2022

Contributors' Notes for Radical Teacher Issue 123.
Carcinoma suprarrenal. Reporte de caso clínico.
Authors: Vicuña Pozo María Fernanda , Arboleda Bustán Jenny Elizabeth , Alarcón Salvador Juan Felipe
Published: July 2022

Introducción: El carcinoma suprarrenal es una neoplasia maligna que representa el 0.2% de los tumores malignos. Se desconoce su etiología, aunque se sospecha la existencia de un efecto predisponente por las altas concentraciones de ACTH.
Caso clínico: Se trata de una paciente de 5 años, femenina, con un cuadro de convulsiones e hipertensión arterial. Al examen físico de abdomen se palpa masa a nivel de hemiabdomen izquierdo que se sobrepasa la línea media no móvil no dolorosa de bordes irregulares, virilización de genitales externos.
Taller diagnóstico: Los exámenes de laboratorio determinaron hipercortisolismo, hiperandrogenismo. La Tomografía de abdomen reporta región suprarrenal izquierda: masa ocupante de espacio de bordes definidos, hígado de forma y tamaño homogénea, en el segmento II: lesión hipodensa definida de 2 cm.
Evolución: Una vez controlada la hipertensión arterial se procede a realizar la suprarrenalectomía izquierda más vaciamiento ganglionar y se confirma diagnóstico de carcinoma suprarrenal con el estudio histopatológico. Tras su mal pronóstico se inicia quimioterapia, la misma que se descompensa y presenta falla multisistémica. Paciente fallece.
Conclusiones: El carcinoma suprarrenal tiene un mal pronóstico en los casos avanzados como en el presente caso.
Serie de casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de Atrofia Muscular Espinal Tipo I (Werdnig-Hoffmann) en Ecuador
Authors: Astudillo Mariño Nicolay , Erazo Noguera Patricia Cecilia
Published: July 2022

Introducción: La atrofia muscular espinal, la principal causa genética de muerte infantil, es un conjunto heterogéneo de enfermedades que se caracterizan por la degeneración de las neuronas motoras de la médula espinal y del tronco encefálico, lo que resulta en hipotonía y debilidad muscular. El objetivo es la descripción de 5 casos de pacientes con diagnóstico genético de AME tipo I, todos los pacientes con número de copias para SMN2: 2 copias y Gen SMN 1 con deleción Homocigótica.

Métodos: Se describen las manifestaciones clínicas y los resultados genéticos de 5 pacientes con diagnóstico de AME tipo I. Se describen además las posibilidades de tratamiento y abordaje multidisciplinario en los pacientes.

Resultados: Se incluyeron cinco pacientes con diagnóstico clínico y genético de Atrofia Muscular Espinal tipo I, dos eran del sexo masculino, tres del sexo femenino, en un rango de edad entre los 11 meses y los 22 meses. La proporción hombre: mujer fue de 2:3. El antecedente de familiar de primera línea con atrofia muscular espinal se registró en 1 de 5 pacientes. La ausencia de reflejos de estiramiento muscular (REMS) en extremidades superiores e inferiores fue un signo que compartía el 100% de los pacientes.

Conclusiones: La mayor atención al diagnóstico temprano y al manejo de la atrofia muscular espinal ha estimulado el desarrollo de guías y estándares de atención que han afectado la supervivencia y la historia natural de la enfermedad. No existe un tratamiento médico eficaz para la atrofia muscular espinal. Sin embargo, desde el descubrimiento del gen causante de la enfermedad, se ha logrado un gran progreso en la comprensión de la patogénesis molecular, lo que ha llevado al desarrollo de opciones de tratamiento.
¿Sienten dolor los niños? Métodos de valoración del dolor agudo pediátrico posquirúrgico, una realidad excluida.
Authors: Arias Coloma María Fernanda , Herrera Paola Lissette
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Describir, mediante la literatura científica actualizada, los instrumentos y/o escalas utilizadas en la valoración del dolor agudo posquirúrgico en pediatría, para, de este modo, conocer las diversas metodologías con la finalidad de estadificar la gravedad y realizar un seguimiento de la respuesta a las intervenciones en niños en el período posoperatorio.
Métodos: El presente trabajo es una investigación teórico-descriptiva de tipo documental. Como fuentes de información primarias se utilizaron artículos indexados. Las unidades de análisis fueron todos aquellos documentos encontrados en las bases de datos: MedPlus, ScienceDirect, SciELO y PubMed. Criterios de inclusión: estudios publicados desde el 2015 al 2021.
Resultados: En la selección de artículos científicos, se incluyeron veintidós publicaciones de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión; se determina que la complejidad de la valoración del dolor tiene múltiples factores heterogéneos que influyen en el resultado del mismo. Por tal motivo, se debe tener especial cuidado con la elección correcta del método de evaluación del dolor agudo posquirúrgico en pediatría.
Conclusiones: La valoración del dolor en pediatría es uno de los procedimientos más complejos a los que se enfrentan los profesionales de la salud. Por tal motivo, es imperativo el adecuado conocimiento de las herramientas disponibles para que su aplicación sea correcta y acertada. Los métodos actuales deben ser utilizados bajo determinantes específicos tomando en cuenta no solo la edad y el desarrollo cognitivo del paciente, sino también su entorno emocional, socioeconómico y variables fáciles de determinar, como las fisiológicas y de comportamiento.
Prevalencia de morbilidad y mortalidad del recién nacido pretérmino de muy bajo peso y factores asociados a mortalidad
Authors: Cabrera Garay Ruth Irene , Merchán Astudillo Karina Alexandra , Bermeo Guartambel Ximena Margoth
Published: July 2022

Introducción: El grupo de recién nacidos pretérmino con muy bajo peso al nacer constituye un problema importante de salud en relación con la morbilidad y su elevada mortalidad, la atención que requieren tras su nacimiento involucra una gran demanda humana como económica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de morbilidad y mortalidad de los recién nacidos pretérmino de muy bajo peso al nacer y factores asociados a mortalidad en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador, durante el periodo 2012 – 2018.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico transversal, cuyo universo fue de 239 pacientes. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS. 15, se realizó análisis descriptivo y para determinar asociación se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado, y para determinar la intensidad asociación de factores de riesgo con la mortalidad se utilizó, OR, con un intervalo de confianza fue de 95 % y significancia positiva con P = < 0.05.

Resultados: Las principales morbilidades fueron: membrana hialina (64 %), hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal (47.3 %), sepsis neonatal (39.3 %). Se evidencia una mortalidad del 21.7 %, la principal causa de muerte fue la sepsis neonatal (9.2 %), los factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad son: corioamnionitis (OR: 5.66), edad gestacional extrema (OR: 3.7), síndrome de distrés respiratorio (OR: 3.9) y enterocolitis necrotizante (OR: 2.86).

Conclusiones: Los prematuros con muy bajo peso presentan una alta prevalencia de morbilidad y su mortalidad se encuentra asociado a factores maternos y neonatales.
RBADR Volume 4 Issue 7 Editorial
Authors: Schmidt Gustavo , Daniel Ferreira
Published: July 2022

Issue Editorial
The Development of New Technology Intergration in E-commerce Dispute Resolution in Vietnam
Authors: Nam Tran , Minh Nguyen , Vai Tran , Giglione Thomas
Published: July 2022

Regulatory authorities all over the world are making plans to observe and advise cryptocurrency action in their countries in a responsible way. This is to ensure, among other things, market rate behavior, market economics, the implementation and regulation of tax laws, and consumer safety inside the distinctive attributes of the investments, all while encouraging the development of a profitable bitcoin economy. Vietnam is no different, especially as cryptocurrencies are known to be cross-jurisdictional, and as such, supervisory difficulties do not end at state boundaries. Recent developments in Vietnam indicate that they are moving toward cross-jurisdictional regulatory norms to promote regulatory clarity, remove loopholes, and prevent regulatory arbitrage, all while adhering to stringent currency control. There also has been some recent recognition of crypto-based inventions and efficiency in money and trade, notably for cross-border dealings. Some progressive examples in this paper are illustrated to develop dispute resolution mechanisms for e-commerce using new technology. Recommendations are made in respect to the use of viewpoints of a comprehensive cross-section of the Quadratic Voting /Smart Contracts with permission-based blockchain network as useful tools to assist Vietnamese controllers in emerging online dispute mechanisms towards a streamlined e-commerce economy.
The Role of Trade Unions as a Subject of Social Partnership in Resolving Labour Disputes
Authors: Yaroshenko Oleg , Moskalenko Olena , Sereda Olena , Inshyn Mykola , Burniagina Yuliia
Published: July 2022

The relevance of this scientific work which focuses on trade unions as subjects of social partnership to resolve labor disputes lies in the need to enhance the role of trade union organisations in the mechanism of implementation of social partnership activities in resolving labour disputes. The purpose of this article is to conduct an analysis of trade union activities in general, highlighting its main characteristics and principles on which such activities are based, and also to investigate what is the role of trade unions as the subjects of social partnership. The scientific work was aimed at revealing both theoretical and practical aspects. Such methodological approaches include theoretical and methodological, dialectical and methodological, deduction method, induction method, logical analysis method, synthesis method, and others. Thus, in the course of the research, it was revealed that trade unions play a rather important role in the formation of civil society and in improving the mechanism of social and labour relations. In addition, the mechanism of trade unions as subjects of social partnership in resolving labour disputes was analysed in detail, and the problems that stand in the way of the proper functioning of participation of trade union organisations in social partnership were identified. The results of the study will contribute to the development of methodological recommendations to help resolve problems related to trade union participation in social partnerships and to enhance the role of cooperation between trade unions and employers in the settlement of labour disputes.
Jurisdictional remedies for corporate rights in Ukraine: Sub-standard remedies in corporate disputes
Authors: Kostruba Anatoliy
Published: July 2022

In the context of the European integration processes taking place in Ukraine, there is a convergence of the national legal system with the legal principles and provisions of the European Union, including in the field of corporate legal relations. The main purpose of this study was an independent study of problematic issues that arise upon the implementation of sub-standard remedies in corporate disputes to develop author’s conclusions and recommendations to ensure sustainable and effective law enforcement practices. The methodological framework of this study included the principles of cognition of social phenomena in their historical development, interrelation, and interdependence, a dialectical approach to the study of theory and practice, the history and current state of law. The leading methods were historical, comparative legal, and dialectical. Based on the results of the investigation, the study covered the leading issues of the state of modern legal regulation of sub-standard remedies in corporate disputes in Ukraine; analysed the main issues of theoretical certainty regarding sub-standard remedies in corporate disputes and suggested new vectors of reforms concerning further improvement of law enforcement practice. The author’s conclusion on the need to ensure the unity of law enforcement practice by introducing changes to the legislation of Ukraine towards detailed regulation of sub-standard remedies in corporate disputes, which also correlates with the reformation vectors of development of Ukraine in the context of European integration, will become a stable basis for further scientific research and legislative transformations in the field under study.
Cuidado, seguridad alimentaria y grupos vulnerables: integración desde el Trabajo social con familias en tiempos de pandemia, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
Authors: Domínguez Ruiz Yinet , Soler Nariño Osmanys , Vaillant Delis Milady
Published: July 2022

La Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) sitúan como principio la necesidad de "no dejar a nadie atrás". Alcanzar estos ODS constituye, en la actualidad, un desafío para el cuidado en el contexto de la pandemia, debido a la vulnerabilidad social que signa la atención de estos grupos, por ejemplo: desigualdades de género, envejecimiento y acceso a los alimentos. Éste último, se complejiza en el confinamiento físico ante las marcadas vulnerabilidades que emergen en muchas familias de Latinoamérica. Cuba no escapa a esta realidad, donde la participación activa del Trabajo social aún es insuficiente en la relación cuidado, seguridad alimentaria familiar (SAF) y grupos vulnerables.
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo: valorar la integración de la seguridad alimentaria, el cuidado y la atención a grupos vulnerables desde la acción del Trabajo social a nivel familiar en Covid-19, municipio Santiago de Cuba. Para el mismo, se emplearon las técnicas de observación científica y el cuestionario, correspondientes a la metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa.
Los resultados de la investigación evidenciaron, de manera general que, el trabajo social con familias debe, por un lado, potenciar un capital cultural que permita renovar las prácticas alimentarias hacia el cuidado a los grupos vulnerables, y por el otro, reforzar el capital social familiar posibilitando mayor vínculo con instituciones y organizaciones.
Salud mental colectiva y trabajo social. Una ventana de oportunidad para nuevas prácticas en la atención social al sufrimiento mental
Authors: Serrano-Miguel Mercedes
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo aproximar al lector/a, al paradigma de la salud mental colectiva, de largo recorrido en Latinoamérica, pero de un incipiente desarrollo en el contexto español, mostrando al mismo tiempo su posible aplicabilidad actual a la práctica del trabajo social en salud mental. Partiendo de una aproximación histórica y conceptual al modelo, se busca su conexión con el contexto de la atención en salud mental en España a partir de tres ejes discursivos sobre los que me propongo reflexionar: el trabajo social en salud mental como profesión emancipatoria; la interdisciplinariedad como práctica de conjunción de saberes técnicos, pero también profanos, y la comprensión y el abordaje de la salud mental colectiva desde una perspectiva feminista e interseccional. Con todo ello, se pretende facilitar un posible marco conceptual sobre el que sustentar nuevas modalidades de atención social en salud mental basadas en el cuidado y que contribuyan al desarrollo de la propia profesión del trabajo social en el campo de la atención al sufrimiento psíquico.
Botija Yagüe, M. (2020). Investigación, Diagnóstico, Evaluación: de aprender a emprender. [Research, Diagnosis, Evaluation: from learning to undertake]. Valencia: Tirant Lo Blanch. 137 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1355-97
Authors: Ochando Ramírez Mª Victoria
Published: July 2022

Se presenta reseña del libro Investigación, Diagnóstico, Evaluación: de aprender a emprender es un libro en formato de apuntes, en el cual Botija presenta junto a otros reconocidos autores y autoras una visión completa sobre dos aspectos fundamentales para el Trabajo Social: la investigación y la intervención social.
Martí Trotonda, Amparo y Pérez Cosín, José Vicente (2020). Trabajo social para tiempos convulsos. El camino hacia la ruptura epistemológica. Valencia: Universitàt de Valencia. ISBN: 978-84-9134-8, pp. 405.
Authors: García Giráldez Teresa
Published: July 2022

Reseña del libro de la obra de Martí Trotonda, Amparo y Pérez Cosín, José Vicente (2020). Trabajo social para tiempos convulsos. El camino hacia la ruptura epistemológica. Valencia: Universitàt de Valencia. ISBN: 978-84-9134-8, pp. 405.
De las Heras Pinilla, María Patrocinio. Trabajo social y servicios sociales. Conocimiento y ética. Consejo General del Trabajo Social y Paraninfo Ediciones. ISBN: 9788428343404
Authors: Blanco Pérez César Vital
Published: July 2022

Reseña de la obra de De las Heras Pinilla, María Patrocinio. Trabajo social y servicios sociales. Conocimiento y ética. Consejo General del Trabajo Social y Paraninfo Ediciones. ISBN: 9788428343404
Music for Peace
Authors: Maisikeli Yassin Garba
Published: July 2022

Kano is an ancient commercial centre in Northern Nigeria. It is 2nd to Lagos in terms of commerce and industries. Kano metropolis comprises of 8 local government areas namely Dala, Fagge¸ Kano Municipal, Nassarawa, Tarauni, Gwale, Ungogo and Kumbotso local government areas.
Promoting Peaceful Coexistence Through Dialogue and Conflict Resolution
Authors: James Helen Danladi
Published: July 2022

Mwanatari is a community located between Lafiya and Lamurde in Lamurde LGA of Adamawa State. It lies on Latitude 9.560N and Longitude 11.70E, 164.00m/538.06ft ASL. The community shares boundary with Bwatiye (Bachama and Bata) communities. The ethnic groups found within the area are Mwana, Chobbo, Kwah, Waja, Lunguda, Dadiya, Jenjo, Hausa, and Fulani. The people of Mwanatari are predominantly agrarian. Lamurde is the administrative headquarters of the local government area and it is about 100 kilometers from Yola, the State capital.
Like any other people Lamurde local government is noted for its unique cultural heritage. The Bachama people are noted warriors as is easily depicted in their popular dance “Wuro Kaduwe” closely related are the Homtu Gbatakaito at Gyawana which has to do with hunting, and the “Badan” at Nghakawo. They have the “kwete” wrestling festival in the town of Lamurde which comes up once in a year. It is a wrestling between the people of Gyawana and Lamurde. It is during the festival that His Royal Highness the Hama Bachama discloses his plans and vision to his subjects. Apart from Kwete wrestling festival, there is the “Poto” at Waduku, “Vayato” at Gyawana and Opalo. The Kwah “ Gikan” festival is celebrated yearly. The Waja celebrates “Saulawe” Chobbo “ Cito” and “Dikulem” “kreth” among the Lunguda and Dadiya respectively. Lamurde itself is a historical town where western civilization and tradition exist side by side.
The Mwana people, according to history migrated from Cham in present day Balanga Local Government Area of Gombe State. The people of Cham migrated from Yamel in the East with some tribes like Lunguda, Tula, and Dadiya at about 1777. They came to Africa through Egypt and settled at Wanda. As a result of unproductive agricultural land, bad climate and weather, the people of Cham being good agriculturalists decided to move from Wanda to a free and fertile land at Fitilai (Kuntur) in 1797. At Fitilai, Baba Dan Bulo, an informant said, “The people of Cham settled in groups according to their clans. In these small clans, there is a type of disperse, cross or integrated relationship which is shown by ties of reputed kingship, chieftaincy and religious complexities. The major clans among these settlements were Fitilai to Bwelimi, and Fitilai to Dijimi, out of which the following small clans emerged: Jabe, Bwelimi, Kwasim, Lebe, Dungurang and Tiksir. These clans believed in peace and have special love and care for one another and therefore regard themselves as brothers (Shete) plural of Chum, brother”.