bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON DEVELOPING THE SKILLS OF PRINCIPALS AND ‎EMPLOYEES AT AL-FERAR SCHOOL FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF TEACHERS AND TEACHERS
Authors: SKAFY Firyal
Published: January 2022

This study aimed at the role of knowledge of information technology in organizational ‎development, by identifying the role of using information technology on developing ‎the skills of principals and employees at Al-Ferar School from the point of view of ‎teachers and teachers, and identifying the feasibility of using information technology ‎to reduce the size of the administrative apparatus in the school, in addition to identify ‎the feasibility of using information technology to expand communication networks in ‎the school, and to know the feasibility of using information technology to sort out new ‎and advanced patterns of management in the school, in order to complete the study. ‎The analytical descriptive approach was followed, through the use of the ‎questionnaire as a tool for the study, and a sample of (42) teachers was selected ‎from the research community in a random manner. The central results of the study: ‎There is a high effect of (3.46) for the use of technology on the organizational ‎development of the Ferar School for Girls from the point of view of the teachers. ‎There is also a significant impact of the use of technology at a rate of (3.6) on the ‎development and administrative development in Ferar School for Girls from the point ‎of view of the teachers. There is an average effect of using technology, at an ‎average of (3.06) on reducing the size of the administrative apparatus in the Ferar ‎School from the point of view of teachers. There is also an impact of a high rate of ‎‎ (3.7) for the use of technology on the expansion of the communication network in the ‎Ferar School from the point of view of teachers and teachers. There is a high (3.4) ‎role for the use of technology to sort out new and developed administrative patterns ‎in the Ferar School from the point of view of the teachers. It also found that the use ‎of technology contributes by (69.9%) to the development of administrative skills in the ‎Ferar School from the point of view of teachers and teachers, and that the use of ‎technology contributes by (65.2%) to reducing the size of the administrative ‎apparatus, and the use of technology contributes by (86.1%) in Expanding the ‎communication network in the Freer School from the point of view of the teachers ‎and the teachers. The study also found that there is no significant effect for (the ages ‎of the respondents, educational qualifications, and years of experience) for their ‎answers about the feasibility of using technology on organizational development in ‎the Freer Secondary School from their point of view. In the wake of these results, the ‎study came out with recommendations, the most important of which are: the need to ‎proceed with the use of technology as a developmental tool in schools, and the need ‎to develop benefiting from this use, especially in the areas of developing ‎administrative skills. Similar prospective studies on broader groups of teacher ‎schools‎.‎ Key words:
TECHNOLOGICAL GAP IN RECOMMENDED CULTIVATION PRACTICES OF CABBAGE GROWERS AT KUHUBOTO BLOCK IN DIMAPUR DISTRICT OF NAGALAND
Authors: LONGKUMER SENTIKUMZUK , BOSE D.K. , JAHANARA JAHANARA
Published: January 2022

This study has been conducted to find out the technological gap in recommended cultivation practices of the cabbage growers in order to understand the extent of the difference between the traditional and non- traditional practices practiced by the local farmers in the district. The aforementioned study was conducted at Kuhuboto block in Dimapur district of Nagaland in the year 2021. A descriptive research designed was applied for this study. The primary data was collected from 120 respondents by personal interview method using pre-structure interview schedule. After the analysis of the data, it was observed that, maximum number of the respondents (55.83%) were having medium level of overall utilization of information sources and majority of the cabbage growers (62.50%) belonged to medium level of over-all technological gap category. It indicates that a sum number of the population had incorporated the new technologies while others have still yet to adopt and use the new recommended cabbage cultivation. The socio- economic variables associated with the respondents, such as education and training exposure were positively significant with the extent of adoption of improved package of practices of cabbage cultivation. The above results compel the research and extension system to work on the gaps in a pragmatic way.
Operation Control and Analysis of a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid.
Authors: Bansal Sanjay K. , Gaur Dhairya , Roy Kingshuk , Choumal Apoorva
Published: January 2022

Distributed renewable energy production is making smart microgrid concepts based on AC, DC, and hybrid-MG design more attractive (DRE). In light of the growing population and the pressing need to minimize the load, research into effective control techniques and architectural solutions is a hot topic right now. "However, a comprehensive and coordinated literature assessment of hierarchical control approaches based on diverse configurations of the microgrid (MG) architecture has been explored relatively little in the past.'' Primary, secondary, and tertiary methods to MG system control are outlined in this suggested method. Primary, secondary and third-tier techniques are examined for each MG structure in a short literature review. In addition, the paper offers the best and worst aspects of current control methods. In addition, a simulation research connected to the literature review's future trends in MG control is offered as a further contribution to this subject. Since renewable energy supplies are intermittent in nature, a hybrid microgrid is needed to minimize overall deficit inadequacies and increase system dependability. This is due to the depletion of natural resources and to the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources. Using a hybrid microgrid, the present distributed and concentrated load situations may be accommodated. In order to better understand how the hybrid microgrid may be integrated, optimized and controlled, there is a growing demand for research. It is necessary to do a thorough evaluation of the performance, efficiency, dependability, security, design flexibility, and cost-effectiveness of a hybrid microgrid. Issues such as AC and DC microgrids integrating into a single hybrid microgrid are discussed in this paper, as well as how to manage renewable energy resources in a cost-effective manner and how to place the optimal number of feeders in a microgrid. There is a quick overview of the primary research fields, with the goal of finding the research gap that may further enhance the grid's performance. ''New hybrid microgrid solutions are being offered in light of current study trends that have been determined to be the most effective and most-friendly." Research, comparative analysis, and further development of new methodologies related to hybrid microgrids will be aided by this study as the foundation for future work
Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of Carbonate Rocks for Lime Industry in Ban Pong, Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand
Authors: Phajuy Burapha , Singtuen Vimoltip
Published: January 2022

One of the oldest lime manufactures in Chiang Mai Province is located in a hillside village, Ban Pong, Hang Dong District, the western part of Chiang Mai City. Villagers still have conserved traditional production methods using wood-fired kilns and the primary material selection, an Ordovician marble. There are 2 massive amounts of carbonate rocks distributed in Chiang Mai Province; Permian limestone and Ordovician marble. However, the Ordovician carbonate rocks in Ban Pong were selected to produce high-quality lime by their primitive method (man-made) for a long time. Petrographical studies suggest that the Ordovician rock samples show a granoblastic texture with a slightly foliation represents by mica flakes. They are made up mainly of calcite, with very small amounts of quartz, muscovite, talc, and opaque minerals that can be identified as marble. The mineral compositions are according to the value of CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, and Fe2O3 in whole-rock analysis by XRF. The geochemical data suggest that marble in the Ban Pong area has a high CaO ratio and contains small amounts of muscovite, quartz, talc, and opaque minerals that may reduce the decomposition temperature during the calcination process. The Ordovician marble in Ban Pong is an appropriate raw material for traditional lime manufacture to saving energy in the production system.

HIGHLIGHTS

Limestone has been a geologic material in the lime industry from the past to the presence of human society

Villagers in Ban Pong (Chiang Mai Province, Thailand) selected the western Ordovician limestone mountains to produce lime by a primitive process instead of the eastern Permian limestone mountains

The mineral- and chemical compositions of the Ordovician limestones were intensively analyzed to characterize the suitable raw materials for a primitive lime kiln

The mineral composition indicated that the Ordovician limestone in this area is metamorphosed into an impure fine-grained marble

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Potential of Moringa Oleifera Seed as a Natural Adsorbent for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wagh Manoj Pandurang , Aher Yashwant , Mandalik Anit
Published: January 2022

The present study deals with the appropriateness of the coagulation process using natural coagulant Moringa oleifera seed. Natural coagulants are useful for the treatment of wastewater because of its sustainability, cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity and lesser quantity of sludge formation. M. oleifera seed having a chemical composition of polypeptides having 6 amino acids like arginine acid, methionine acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, threonine, and histidine. M. oleifera is also known as a cationic polyelectrolyte and having molecular weight 6,000 to16,000 Dalton. The main objective of research work is the application of the M. oleifera seed as a natural adsorbent to treat synthetic dairy wastewater. The effects of pH, agitation time, the dose of sorbent and efficacy of M. oleifera seeds kernel for turbidity removal was assessed. M. oleifera seed eliminates turbidity 95 % and colour 94 % using 0.22 gm pod powder, and 0.2 L of 1.0 g/L synthetic dairy wastewater. Naturally dried M. oleifera seeds remove turbidity 95 %, sundried seeds remove turbidity 52 % and oven-dried seeds 45 %. As naturally dried M. oleifera pod having more surface area for adsorption and inter-particulate bridging which extract the extra active ingredients.  pH range between 5 and 8 is more suitable to degrade the turbidity and colour. It is concluded that in the presence of an aqueous soluble cationic coagulant protein has great potential to remove the turbidity and colour of wastewater.

HIGHLIGHTS

oleifera seed having a chemical composition of polypeptides having 6 amino acids like arginine acid, methionine acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine, threonine, and histidine

oleifera seeds consist of crude fiber, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. It also contains amino functional groups (R-NH3), carboxyl group (C=O), and fiber carbonaceous. The functional group present in M. oleifera seeds is dissociated during the adsorption process at various pH

oleifera has good property of coagulation-flocculation (C-F)

The effectiveness of naturally dried seed kernel is more effective than other seed kernels

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
On Degree Based Topological Indices of TiO2 Crystal via M-Polynomial
Authors: Baishya Tapan Kumar , Bora Bijit , Chetri Pawan , Gogoi Upashana
Published: January 2022

Topological indices (TI) (descriptors) of a molecular graph are very much useful to study various physiochemical properties. It is also used to develop the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) of the corresponding chemical compound. Various techniques have been developed to calculate the TI of a graph. Recently a technique of calculating degree-based TI from M-polynomial has been introduced. We have evaluated various topological descriptors for 3-dimensional TiO2 crystals using M-polynomial. These descriptors are constructed such that it contains 3 variables (m, n and t) each corresponding to a particular direction. These 3 variables facilitate us to deeply understand the growth of TiO2 in 1 dimension (1D), 2 dimensions (2D), and 3 dimensions (3D) respectively.

HIGHLIGHTS

Calculated degree based Topological indices of a 3D crystal from M-polynomial

A relation among various Topological indices is established geometrically

Variations of Topological Indices along three dimensions (directions) are shown geometrically

Harmonic index approximates the degree variation of oxygen atom
Electronic Load Controller based on Dimmer Circuit and Stepper Motor for 5 kW Micro-Hydro Power Plant
Authors: Hafid Abdul , Faharuddin Andi , Rajab Abdul
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the results of research on a new schematic generator load controller simulation, namely an electronic load controller based on a dimmer circuit and a stepper motor for a small-scale 5 kW micro-hydro. The load controller is built from a dimmer circuit and a stepper motor with program control using Matlab software, and the PPI 8255 interface device. Using a dimmer circuit built from diac, triac, a variable resistor (pot), and capacitor components. As well as using a 28BYJ-48 stepper motor. Simulation is made to determine the performance of the load controller in controlling the distribution of power to the ballast load when the generator supplies power to consumers less than the full load of the generator. By using the simulation data of 45 variations of the consumer load sample, the result is that there are only 4 samples where the load controller is not working well. For the 4 samples, the generator was loaded beyond its full load tolerance limit (full load tolerance of 5kW ± 5 %). Overall, based on the simulation results, it can be said that the generator load controllers tested in this study have good performance.

HIGHLIGHTS

Methods and power electronic configurations used in electronic load controllers for micro-hydropower plants from 1980 until now. In the future, the use of low-power micro hydro and pico hydro power plants is also in great demand, especially for rural areas

The utilization of micro-hydro in Indonesia, especially low-power micro-hydro, has been utilized by the community in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province. A 5 kW generator has been operated in Katimbang Village, Borong Rappoa District, Kindang Regency, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province to distribute electrical energy to 15 households

This research proposes a new electronic load control scheme for a simple and inexpensive 5 kW micro-hydro power plant, namely a dimmer circuit and stepper motor-based generator load controller. With the consideration that the main components that make up this controller are not expensive

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Reingeniería del Observatorio de Ciencias Empresariales de la Universidad de Otavalo (Ecuador): proceso y procedimientos del área de contabilidad y auditoría en tiempos de pandemia
Authors:   Universidad de Otavalo. Ecuador, ANDRADE Adrian M. , PERUGACHI Lizandro M. ,   Universidad de Otavalo. Ecuador, MOROCHO Johanna E. ,   Universidad de Otavalo. Ecuador
Published: January 2022

La gestión académica permite generar efectividad en la educación superior. El objetivo es estandarizar las acciones del área de Contabilidad y Auditoría en el Observatorio de Ciencias Empresariales, para lo que se elaboró un procedimiento metodológico, el cual requirió el desarrollo de una investigación de naturaleza exploratoria y descriptiva, aplicado mediante cuatro fases: Planificar, Hacer, Verificar y Actuar. El resultado es la aplicación de un proyecto de vinculación ejecutado y la propuesta para su continuidad en practicas profesionales.
Signos y síntomas del Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico relacionado con COVID-19 que afecta a niños y adolescentes menores de 19 años en Ecuador
Authors:   Universidad Catolica de Cuenca. Ecuador., GARCIA Vianca D. , ZUMBA Dayana P. ,   Universidad Catolica de Cuenca. Ecuador., NAULA Nicole E. ,   Universidad Catolica de Cuenca. Ecuador., MONTERO Gloria I. ,   Universidad Catolica de Cuenca. Ecuador., ZAMBRANO Rosa M. ,   Universidad Catolica de Cuenca. Ecuador.
Published: January 2022

El Síndrome Inflamatorio Multisistémico (SIM) es una enfermedad que puede desarrollarse tanto en niños como adolescentes menores de 19 años de edad. Esta investigación de enfoque cualitativo y alcance exploratorio describe los signos y síntomas, medios de contagio y los tipos de pruebas que se realizan para el diagnóstico de la misma, y los casos presentados en Distrito de Salud 03D03 del Cantón La Troncal. El reconocimiento temprano del SIM, permite proporcionar un seguimiento contiguo y el tratamiento óptimo según los signos y síntomas que presenten los pacientes.
El proceso de formación investigativa del ingeniero industrial basado en competencias
Authors:   Universidad de Holguín, SANCHEZ Pedro R. , CAICEDO Eduardo A. ,   Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabi. Ecuador, PATIÑO Maria C. ,   Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabi. Ecuador
Published: January 2022

El propósito esencial de este artículo es brindar una concepción teórica del proceso de formación investigativa del ingeniero industrial basada en competencias, en el mismo destacan las razones esenciales conducentes a la adopción de este enfoque como alternativa para lograr favorecer el desempeño investigativo de estos profesionales, entre las que sobresale la relativa a los principios que incrementan el potencial de adaptabilidad al cambio del sujeto formado bajo esta perspectiva, además se abordan las características generales de la formación investigativa vista como proceso y los rasgos que permiten catalogarla como resultado.
El Balanced Scorecard y su efecto en el desempeño de las organizaciones
Authors:   Universidad de Guayaquil. Ecuador, MENDEZ Julio C. , MENDEZ Manuel A. ,   Universidad de Guayaquil. Ecuador
Published: January 2022

La presente investigación analiza al Balanced Scorecard como herramienta en la medición del desempeño en las organizaciones, para lo cual se realizo una revisión literaria, en fuentes de alto impacto donde se analiza al Balanced Scorecard desde diferentes perspectivas; se concluye que el Balanced Scorecard tiene un efecto positivo en el desempeño de las organizaciones gracias a su adaptabilidad y flexibilidad al permitir un monitoreo constante sobre implementación de las estrategias planificadas.
Ciencia abierta en América Latina: repensar la interdependencia dinámica entre las ciencias y la sociedad
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Lanus. Argentina, MARTINOVICH Viviana
Published: January 2022

A partir de repensar la noción mertoniana de “interdependencia dinámica” entre las ciencias y la sociedad, este texto se propone abordar dos procesos contrapuestos de las últimas décadas: mientras las políticas europeas ponen en cuestionamiento múltiples aspectos de la cultura científica industrial a través de la noción de ciencia abierta, en América Latina, se refuerzan nociones de impacto que ponderan las lógicas monopólicas que primaron durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX.
Revistas académicas ¿resiliencia o los estertores de la investigación en Venezuela?
Authors:   Universidad Central de Venezuela, MERCADO Alexis , SANCHEZ-ROSE Isabelle ,   Universidad Central de Venezuela, VESSURI Hebe ,   Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Venezuela
Published: January 2022

Venezuela experimenta un desmantelamiento de la investigación y desarrollo tecnológico. Los indicadores muestran daños casi irreversibles en las capacidades de producción, difusión y uso del conocimiento, comprometiendo severamente las posibilidades de acompañar las profundas transformaciones sociotécnicas globales y garantizar el bienestar. Las publicaciones académicas sufren una merma de contribuciones de autores nacionales, además de severas limitaciones presupuestarias. Aun así, muchas mantienen continuidad debido a esfuerzos de los editores y la conformación de redes colaborativas ¿Evidencia esto resiliencia, o son los estertores de la investigación?
Afectaciones derivadas del COVID-19 en los procesos editoriales de publicaciones académicas
Authors:   Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, PRADA Raul , CORDERO Marling C. ,   Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander., HERNANDEZ Cesar A. ,   Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander., GAMBOA Audin A. ,   Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander.
Published: January 2022

Con la rápida propagación del COVID-19 en marzo del 2020, las sociedades se vieron avocadas de forma abrupta a cambiar sus actividades diarias. El proceso educativo fue una de las actividades con mayor afectación dado que, por las condiciones de aglomeración en las aulas, se tuvo que migrar al desarrollo de actividades académicas asistidas por recursos TIC. Desde ese momento a la fecha han pasado más de dieciocho meses y es en ese escenario donde se origina esta investigación, cuyo principal objetivo es determinar las afectaciones derivadas del COVID-19 en los procesos editoriales que se adelantan al interior de las instituciones de educación superior en sus publicaciones periódicas.
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE SKILLS EDUCATION IN THE PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Beišienė Milana , Damulytė Rasa
Published: January 2022

We live in an environment rich with various micro-organisms. A lot of germs fall in our hands every day. Various viruses and bacterial infections are spreading through the unclean hands, what can lead to serious health risks.
Teachers of pre-school education have the responsibility to encourage young people to develop proper hygiene habits. The principles of personal hygiene must be implemented continuously on a daily basis, by offering suitable, acceptable and interesting forms of activity for children.
In order to motivate the development of personal hygiene habits, the creative approach to the importance of clean hands were emphasized: interesting researches, explorations, experiments, moody hands washing motions were performed; various creative activities were offered by using the imagination. Particularly, children were the most motivated by activity through information technology.
After carrying out explorations and experiments, the children concluded that there are a lot of germs on the dirty hands and that we are carrying them on foods in such a way. They were convinced that a lot of germs are found on non-greasy fruits and vegetables.
The topic of invisible living organisms is very interesting for the children. Once again, it became clear that in order to understand the essence, the child has to study, experiment, explain, discover and learn it by himself.
The children emotionally shared their observations, reasoned, focused, and solved the problems during the activities. Tasks, observations, tests gave a sense of pride and self-confidence, all of which it helped to grasp the importance of caring for the cleanness of hands. Children began to wash their hands thoroughly and shared the recipe for soap with their parents. They gave as a present their own made-up soaps for their little friends in the kindergarten.
It is likely that all activities will have a positive impact on the formation of children's healthy lifestyle. Additionally, adults must be an example to follow for a healthy lifestyle.
Keywords: microbes, healthy lifestyle, clean hands, explorations, experiments, creative activity.
EDUCATIONAL TEXTS FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, REALISTS AND CA-DETS OF THE XIX CENTURY: METHODICAL ASPECT
Authors: Teleshov Sergey , Teleshova Elena
Published: January 2022

Until the end of the 18th century, Russia did not have original chemistry textbooks. Every-body had to use translations, including textbooks of physics, in which there was always a section on chemical phenomena. In the early 19th century domestic textbooks of chemistry appeared. At first they were few. Their undoubted advantage was that they were made by those who directly taught at school. Your attention is invited to the history of textbooks containing information on school chemistry. For the best of them, a brief description is given. Of considerable interest are the methodical views of the authors of first original textbooks. Their approach is quite appropriate in the preparation of modern educational texts on natural Sciences.
Key words: school textbooks, 19th century, chemistry methodics, methodical experience.
DEVELOPING THE ARGUMENTATION ABILITIES OF 3RD AND 4TH GRADE PUPILS DURING THE EXAMINATION OF A LOCATION
Authors: Jaroš Erika
Published: January 2022

Educational institutions task - to create a student-centred environment that is able to choose and pursue their individual learning goals. The schoolenvronment is defined as the socio-cultural education authority area in which the permanent, versatile children's education and self-education process. Students orientation environment and its impact on the student's personal maturation and direct educational outcomes studied a number of Lithuanian and foreign scientists.
The thesis is selected according to the students' orientation skills relevant to the problems that many Lithuanian general education schools. Defined labour problem that does not know how to effectively develop the 3-4 grade students' management skills.
The main and primary goal - organizing educational activities based on experiential learning to develop students' grades 3-4 orienteering and argumentation skills in the environment.
Involve analysis of scientific literature, 3-4 grade students conducted a survey, which aimed to help the students get a basic understanding, knowledge and skills of orienteering and argumentation environment. Upon receipt of the completed questionnaires to the children - they were analyzedand made certain conclusions about 3-4 grade student orientation environment capabilities. Results of the study show that students in grades 3-4 all important orienteering and argumentation skills.
According to the study results, providing a further 3-4 grade students orienteering and argumentation skills development opportunities. It is important that the method develop is not a goal in itself, but a real and successful adaptation of the universal of the system.
Keywords: learning goals, management skills, scientific literature.
THE CONFERENCE AS A LEARNING METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Authors: Lukočienė Violeta
Published: January 2022

While analysing theoretical presumptions of educational methods, it has been noticed that personality’s development is validated by the conference as a method. This method stimulates support of active relationships among the participants of education process involving personal experiences. Conference as an education method involves learning process of multidimensional environment that includes various types of digital media such as text, image, sound, video that are integrated into one presentation. Conference as education method highlights the division between pupil-centred vs. teacher-centred conceptions. A pupil as a central figure creates conditions for pupils to communicate with each other without teacher’s positioning in the education process. Pupils and teachers of Šilutė Martynas Jankus primary school organise events dedicated to the Earth Day. One of the events is conference. Conference activities, presentations, community’s involvement into the educational process stimulate social communication; the education process becomes important not only to its participants, but also to the whole community increasing the engagement to solve nature problems.
Keywords: conference as education method, primary school pupils, Earth Day, nature lessons.
INSECT TOPIC IN PRIMARY SCHOOL: CONTENT AND IDEAS FOR ACTIVITY
Authors: Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė Rita
Published: January 2022

Currently more attention is paid to natural science education in Lithuania. It is being encouraged to learn in green environment, diverse learning environments are established, however, it is also necessary to enhance teacher natural science literacy, to orientate education process into deeper learning. This article discusses, how to realise insect topic in primary school. French experience is also used for this.
Use of insects for teaching purposes can be very beneficial, because students can perform long term observations and experience a lot. They:
1) observe insect development and analyse different stages (egg, larva, pupa, adult; stage length; death and what were the causes of it; environmental conditions: humidity, light, temperature, food, behaviour and so on);
2) develop critical thinking: look for the answers to emerging questions, compare and collate, find similarities and differences, solve emerging problems;
3) develop positive attitudes regarding nature, overcome fear and prejudice (an insect cannot be another animal, isn’t it, therefore it is more important to understand what makes insect so interesting and significant).
Insect topic, as any other, can be interesting, useful for students getting to know animate nature, if it is directed towards students’ knowledge and understanding, ability, critical thinking and value attitude education.
Teacher, undertaking educational or project activity about insects has to seriously prepare, think out in advance, what part of activity is going to take place in natural environment and what in the classroom, what educational spaces are going to be created or exploited, to read a lot on that topic, to prepare students’ activity sheets.
Keywords: animate nature, project activity, primary school, science education.
THE PROJECT-BASED NATURAL SCIENCES EDUCATION IN A PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S GROUP
Authors: Petrauskienė Gitana , Vėželytė Ramunė
Published: January 2022

The aim of today’s natural science education is literacy development from the early years. The project-based natural science education happens in a deliberately prepared natural environment: children may work in groups, institutions, or outside institutions. The activities aim at preschool children’s personality growth as well as gaining needed competencies and progress.
The realization of the project-based natural sciences’ method distinguishes preschool children’s individual and teamwork skills. It is also a very useful tool for developing pupils’ consciousness, activeness, creativity, and responsibility. Moreover, the preservation of animate and inanimate nature along with the rational use of resources is identified.
The project-based natural science education is closely related to the integration of innovative information technologies. Preschool children are encouraged to take part in various interactive games and activities. In this way the children’s thinking skills are developed. Also, the integration of information technologies motivates children to engage in concrete patronizing, nature-friendly, and environment-friendly activities.
Keywords: natural science education, learning through play, practical activities.
ARGUMENTATION TEACHING EXPLORING ARTIFICIAL ECOSYSTEM-AQUARIUM
Authors: Rudak Viktorija
Published: January 2022

Argumentation is essential in many sciences. For example, in mathematics it is sought to prove all new statements, theories, tasks, answers. There is also argumentation in biology science to explore ant prove molecular processes in the cell, the process of life evolution. Argumentation has widely explored in logic science, psychology, philosophy, and philology. The ability to argue logically and reasonably is also important in the everyday life of a person. Each of us every day provides some arguments for communicating with family members, colleagues, friends and any other person. Because of that argumentation is one of the essential components of our life. Therefore, it can be said that the ability to argue for a modern person is important because, by being able to provide logical arguments, he will be able to communicate successfully with other people.
Looking from the perspective of the natural sciences, the argumentation in this science is no less important than in the sciences mentioned above. It plays an important role in science education. Such argumentation skills are useful in developing a “deep” perception and sound conclusions, especially when dealing with controversial approaches. Moreover, participation in argumentation, direct submission of arguments reinforces conceptual understanding. Scientists claim that ten-year-old child’s thinking has been already fluent, so ten-year-olds can take on more complex cognitive tasks. It means that in carrying out the task in the middle childhood, the child is able to give a logical conclusion, which indicates the ability to argue, to provide evidence, to justify the answer. Therefore, one can conclude that primary school pupils can be successfully trained in argumentation while teaching natural science content.
The article presents the results received from analysis of the pupil’s answers which were given while exploring artificial ecosystem-aquarium. The article outlines how students are able to argue during exploration of the artificial ecosystem-aquarium.
Keywords: argumentation in primary education, aquarium exploration, argumentation in science education.
PHOTOGRAPHY AND EDUCATION: POSSIBILITIES FOR CHEMISTRY CLASSROOM
Authors: Vargas Sana Tânia Cristina , Dias Dirceu Donizetti , Arroio Agnaldo
Published: January 2022

In today's world, students should not be disregarded as they have a direct and immediate relationship with new technologies, and an invasion of images is generally present in social life, and specifically in the classroom. These movements are argued in favour of more dynamic, interdisciplinary, contextualized activities and supported by the educational media. In this sense this paper aims to present and discuss a strategy that articulates the production of photo images during physical modelling of a scientific school apparatus named Daniell cell. Methodologically the photo images were analysed from an adapted taxonomy, complemented with semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The results indicate that the proposed strategy improves the understanding of the subject content as well as the interest and motivation to work, however, also reveals the need to promote visual literacy in chemistry and natural science classes.
Keywords: chemistry education, images, photography.
EDUCATIONAL SUBJECT INTEGRATION POSSIBILITIES WHILE CONDUCTING PHENOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONSIN PRIMARY SCHOOL CLASSES: “CAPPED MUSHROOM VARIETY AND CHANGE OBSERVATIONS IN VISAGINAS CITY”
Authors: Saviciene Danguole
Published: January 2022

We are participating in the projects by environmentalist schools for few years now and conducting phenological observations. For the past year and the half, together with the students, we performed a practical work – the observation of capped mushroom variety and change in Visaginas city. We created an educational film based on our practical work “Capped mushroom variety and change observations in Visaginas city”.
Observation goal: To observe the capped mushrooms in the chosen area, to fixate (photograph) their species, to fill the weather calendar.
The hypothesis is: the mushroom abundance and variety is determined by weather temperature and humidity.
The duration of the observation:
• 2016 September, 2017 April, May and September.
The course of observation:
• We chose the observation area and measured it by square meters;
• Every day we observed and fixated growing capped mushrooms in the chosen area (we used
smart phones);
• We learned to indicate the varieties of the capped mushrooms;
• We sorted out the trees under which the mushrooms were growing;
• We learned to identify the trees and bushes by their leaves (we organized a contest-game
“Find your tree or bush” in the class and in the observation area);
• The weather calendar was filled;
• We visited Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant’s laboratory of observation and radiology;
• We analysed the results of the observation and concluded the results;
• We participated in the environmentalist camp;
The results of the observation:
• The chosen observation area’s size is 168 m2
• There were 11 tree and bush varieties in the observation area;
• We identified 26 capped mushroom varieties;
• The educational leafs were prepared in order to identify trees, bushes and mushrooms;
• The educational game “Identify the Mushroom!” was created;
• It was concluded, that mushrooms growing in Visaginas are not radioactive;
The interesting fact is, that on 2017 September (compared to the last year’s September), new varieties of the mushroom were found. Such finding lets to conclude the hypothesis, that weather temperature and humidity determines the variety and abundance of mushrooms. The weather observation calendar logs verify, that 2017 September weather was warm and humid. That led to favourable conditions for a more varied variety of mushrooms and populated area sizes.
The teaching of the subject of world cognition is strengthened by the integration of other subjects like: mathematics, Lithuanian language, arts and technologies, human safety.
Keywords: subject integration, capped mushrooms, phenological observations, practical work.
CHALLENGES OF NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION: THE EDUCATION OF NEW GENERATION INNOVATORS
Authors: Šlekienė Violeta
Published: January 2022

STEAM education is not new in the world. Many research and international projects aimed at developing and improving this field have been and still are ongoing. In view of the rapid changes in science and technology and the growth of interdisciplinary integration, educational strategists, scientists and specialists from different countries regularly update the content of STEAM subjects and their teaching methods. Educational strategists of our country have declared STEAM education as a priority area of education. The Ministry of Education emphasizes that it is particularly important to raise pupils' interest in STEAM and to train 21st century teachers with STEAM education-relevant competencies. STEAM education is an interdisciplinary approach to learning where rigorous academic concepts are coupled with real world lessons as students apply science, technology, engineering, and mathematics in contexts that make connections between school, community, work, and the global enterprise enabling the development of STEAM literacy and with it the ability to compete in the new economy. STEAM education emphasizes art and technical creativity as interdisciplinary access, combining it with a rational combination with the peculiarities of individual subjects. At present, in the context of particularly rapid changes in the labor market, it is difficult to predict which specialties will be required when current students complete their studies. It is forecasted that even 65% basic school pupils, when they graduate, will work according to the specialty that currently does not exist and that by the year 2020, due to new technologies and business models, the global labor market will lose at least 7,1 million job places. This means that new skills and specialties will also be sought for educated, intellectually engineered professionals. That means, it is important to emphasize at school not only the importance of the knowledge itself, but also the continuous development of various skills. There is a growing debate about the abilities that will determine your professional and personal success in the future. The factors contributing to the necessity for the development and improvement of STEAM education, STEAM education issues, their causes, what is done in STEAM in other countries and the national STEAM conception have been highlighted in this paper.
Keywords: STEAM education, STEAM conception, science communication.
MEDIA LITERACY AND SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION: THE STUDENTS’ PROTAGONISM
Authors: Arroio Agnaldo , Vargas Sana Tânia Cristina , Basílio Novaes Luiz Guilherme , de Brito Rezende Daisy
Published: January 2022

Currently, a discursive resource widely used is images, whose use can facilitate the explanation of concepts, constituting essential support for the communication of scientific ideas. This article reports the results of a study on the perception of 107 students of two High Schools located in São Paulo (Brazil) concerning representations of the physical state change processes at a sub-microscopic domain. After the development of a teaching-learning sequence (TLS) about the properties of matter, discussions were conducted both in small groups and with the whole class. At this point, students were asked to draw up images that represent their understanding of the phenomena of physical changes at the sub-microscopic level. In the second phase of the TLS, after some discussion about the drawings previously produced, each group of students was asked to create an audiovisual object (AO) concerning the phenomena. It was possible to perceive both the evolution of their expressed mental representations that present scientific features more consistently and the students’ more coherent and secure speech. These results suggest that the multimodal approach promotes opportunities both for the building of models by the students, and their expression is essential to chemistry language learning.
Keywords: multimodal approach, media literacy, sub-microscopic domain, science education
CROSS-SECTORAL COOPERATION FOR DEVELOPING OF STUDENTS' ENTREPRENEURIAL ABILITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF STEAM ACTIVITIES
Authors: Šlekienė Violeta , Gaučaitė Ramutė , Kazlauskienė Aušra
Published: January 2022

The competence of entrepreneurship in the context of general education is developed at different levels by students of different ages. Young people have many features of a successful entrepreneur, but the enthusiasm of the students themselves is not enough to encourage entrepreneurship. It should be a systematic approach, proper organization and coordination of activities. Entrepreneurship abilities, in the absence of an appropriate system, are developed spontaneously, fragmentarily, without creating a complete picture and seeing the final result. In order for students to be able to apply their knowledge in practice and gain practical entrepreneurial skills, it is necessary to properly organize their formation process and be able to manage it. The tendency is that increasingly younger students want to learn the elements of entrepreneurship. Therefore, the only option is non-formal education, usually project activity.
This paper deals with a project carried out under the cooperation program of high schools of Šiauliai city and Šiauliai city municipality in the context of STEAM activities. The model My smart product for work or leisure for developing entrepreneurial abilities of students of different ages is discussed, its conception and realization possibilities are revealed. The essence of such model is a creative collaboration between students of different ages and cooperation with scientists, business consultants, in order to transform the entrepreneurial idea into a prototype of a real product. Thus, in the context of STEAM activities, the aim is to develop the creativity of different age students, their ability to put their ideas into practice, to make engineering and technical decisions, and thus to acquire practical entrepreneurial skills.
* The program was financed from the budget of Šiauliai City Municipality
Keywords: entrepreneurship abilities, cross-sectoral cooperation, STEAM activities
HISTORICAL PATH OF TEACHING CHEMISTRY: FROM THE BEGINNINGS TO THE ESTUARY
Authors: Teleshov Sergei V. , Arshanskiy Yevgeniy , Теlеshоva Еlena V. , Мirugina Таtyana А.
Published: January 2022

At the very end of the 18th century, the first textbooks on chemistry appear in Russia. Al-most all authors of the first textbooks received their education in European universities. The au-thors of these textbooks were at the same time the first professors who read a course in chemistry. The article traces the emergence of chemistry teaching methods from the very beginning. One of the sources is the textbook prefaces. The prefaces to the first textbooks are considered and recom-mendations for teaching chemistry are found in them. The technique is the general scientific prop-erty of all teachers. Attention is drawn to the importance of learning the history of teaching meth-ods for teachers. The experience of predecessors is our common heritage.
Keywords: chemistry teaching, history of teaching, Russia
NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL: TEACHERS’ COMPETENCE AND TRAINING
Authors: Lamanauskas Vincentas , Augienė Dalia
Published: January 2022

Schoolchildren’s natural science competence development is inseparable from teachers’ natural science competence, the integral part of which are subject, didactic and managerial abilities. Competence (es) acquisition during the studies at university is not a final process. Competence improvement, enrichment continues during the whole period of active pedagogical work.
In the months of January-February 2018, a qualitative, limited amount research was carried out. 60 primary school teachers from more than 25 Lithuanian schools participated in the research. Research data were analysed using a content analysis method.
Research results revealed that most primary school teachers value their knowledge in natural science field as sufficient. Teachers accentuate that their competences are proper and emphasize their lifelike and long work experience importance. Part of the teachers accentuate constant natural science education subject knowledge renewal. Only a small part of teachers notice that they lack knowledge in natural science field.
Research result analysis showed that most of primary school teachers develop natural science competence independently using various information sources. A big part of teachers develop natural science competence participating in formal specially organised activities. Not a small part of teachers accentuate practical natural science competence development.
Research results revealed that most primary school teachers give average evaluation to their competence in teaching natural science (world cognition). Only a small part of teachers attribute a high value to this competence of theirs.
Research result analysis showed that primary school teachers teaching students natural sciences (world cognition), encounter various problems. The bigger part of teachers experience problems, related to the teaching process: lack of devices, low students’ teaching motivation, teaching content shortcomings. A big part of teachers teaching natural science subjects (world cognition) experience social – organisational problems: a lack of time, unfavourable conditions, a lack of support.
Teacher opinion analysis of what needs to be changed /improved in natural science primary school teacher training/preparation revealed that the biggest part of teachers offer to improve future teachers’ practical abilities/skills. Part of teachers offer to better develop special competences, related to natural science education, to improve material supply of the study process.
Keywords: content analysis, primary school, science education, subject knowledge.
THE INTEGRATION OF EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT INTO NATURE LESSONS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
Authors: Lukočienė Violeta
Published: January 2022

In the paper is represented educational environment as a way for teaching pupils nature science. Educational environment encourage pupils to be interested in the world surrounding them, observe, explore the nature. Environment education is represented as a conception which enrich the educational process, stimulate pupils’ higher learning motivation, develop creative, analytical thinking. In the paper is discussed birds observation activity during which pupils have a possibility to get acquainted with the birds, their features, their living world. During this outdoor activity pupils create tough relation between nature and man.
Keywords: educational environment, natural science, birds observation.