bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SN2019dge: A Helium-rich Ultra-stripped Envelope Supernova
Authors: Yao Yuhan , De Kishalay , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Ho Anna Y. Q. , Schulze Steve , Li Zhihui , Kulkarni S. R. , Fruchter Andrew , Rubin David , Perley Daniel A. , Fuller Jim , Piro Anthony L. , Fremling C. , Bellm Eric C. , Burruss Rick , Duev Dmitry A. , Feeney Michael , Gal-Yam Avishay , Golkhou V. Zach , Graham Matthew J. , Helou George , Kupfer Thomas , Laher Russ R. , Masci Frank J. , Miller Adam A. , Rusholme Ben , Shupe David L. , Smith Roger , Sollerman Jesper , Soumagnac Maayane T. , Zolkower Jeffry
Published: August 2020

We present observations of ZTF18abfcmjw (SN2019dge), a helium-rich supernova with a fast-evolving light curve indicating an extremely low ejecta mass (≈0.33 M
⊙) and low kinetic energy (≈1.3 × 1050 erg). Early-time (<4 days after explosion) photometry reveals evidence of shock cooling from an extended helium-rich envelope of ∼0.1 M
⊙ located ∼1.2 × 1013 cm from the progenitor. Early-time He II line emission and subsequent spectra show signatures of interaction with helium-rich circumstellar material, which extends from ≳5 × 1013 cm to ≳2 × 1016 cm. We interpret SN2019dge as a helium-rich supernova from an ultra-stripped progenitor, which originates from a close binary system consisting of a mass-losing helium star and a low-mass main-sequence star or a compact object (i.e., a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black hole). We infer that the local volumetric birth rate of 19dge-like ultra-stripped SNe is in the range of 1400–8200

Gpc

−
3

yr

−
1

(i.e., 2%–12% of core-collapse supernova rate). This can be compared to the observed coalescence rate of compact neutron star binaries that are not formed by dynamical capture.
A systematic review of the effect of dietary pulses on microbial populations inhabiting the human gut
Authors: Marinangeli C.P.F. , Harding S.V. , Zafron M. , Rideout T.C.
Published: August 2020

Pulses are dry leguminous crops consisting of beans, lentils, chickpeas, and peas. They are a broad category of food that are often aggregated when their contribution to healthy dietary patterns are disseminated. However, the different genera and varieties of pulses vary in composition and are consumed in different amounts, largely dictated by geographic region and ethnicity. Given the number of pulse-derived components, including fibre, that have the capacity to alter the composition of the gut microbiome, the objective of this study was to systematically review dietary pulses and pulse-derived ingredients as a broader food group, to determine their effect on gut microbiota in humans. Major scientific databases were used to conduct the search, which spanned from 1990 until February 2019. The search strategy identified 2,444 articles and five studies were included in this analysis. Two studies used whole pulses (chickpeas and pinto beans), one study used cooked navy bean powder, and the two remaining studies used pulse-derived fibre (lupin or yellow pea hulls). Although inconsistent, some studies demonstrated that whole pulses (pinto beans and chickpeas), cooked navy bean powder, and pulse-derived fibre (lupin kernel fibre), did impose changes to the microbiota that inhabit the human large intestine. However, there was considerable variability concerning the methodologies and endpoints used to decipher the observed effects on the abundance, diversity, and/or richness of specific microbiota or the microbiome. More extensive human studies that directly link the effects of specific types of pulses on the gastrointestinal microbial environment to health outcomes in the host are required.
The probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota attenuates symptoms of vestibular migraine: a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Qi X. , Fan G. , Jia H.
Published: August 2020

Vestibular migraine (VM) has emerged as one of the major vestibular syndromes. Although probiotics have exhibited beneficial effects on migraine headache, its effect on VM is not clear. This trial aimed to investigate the treatment efficacy of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) on symptoms of VM. 247 VM patients were enrolled, of which 204 eligible patients receiving either LcS or placebo on a daily basis completed the 4 month study. They were re-visited at 2 and 4 months after study initiation to assess treatment outcomes. The primary endpoints were vestibular symptoms, evaluated by the number of vertiginous attacks during the past week, the Vertigo Severity Score (VSS), and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scores. The secondary endpoints were anxiety and depressive symptoms, evaluated using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. Efficacy of LcS over placebo was not obvious at 2 month follow-up. At 4 month follow-up, while both LcS and placebo groups of VM patients displayed alleviated symptoms, the extents of the improvements were significantly better in LcS group than those of placebo group, with regard to vestibular symptoms using DHI and VSS, as well as anxiety and depressive symptoms using BAI and BDI. Although placebo effect cannot be ignored in intervention for VM patients, the probiotic LcS still exhibits considerable efficacy against VM symptoms over a 4 month study period, supporting further clinical study of a larger and more diverse cohort.
Substrate oxidation during exercise in taekwondo athletes: impact of aerobic fitness status
Authors: Taati B. , Rohani H.
Published: August 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the potential effect of different aerobic fitness levels on substrate oxidation in trained taekwondo athletes. 57 male athletes (age 21.10±7.79 years; VO2max 50.67±6.67 ml/kg/min) with regular weekly taekwondo training and training experience of at least three years completed a graded exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill. Maximal fat oxidation (MFO), the exercise intensity related to MFO (Fatmax), and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation rate were measured using indirect calorimetry methods. The athletes then were divided into a low (<50 ml/kg/min, n=18) and high (>50 ml/kg/min, n=39) VO2max group. The average MFO was higher in the high VO2max group than in the low VO2max group (0.46±0.19 vs 0.28±0.11 g/min; P<0.001). Although Fatmax tended toward higher values in the high VO2max group, no difference was observed between the groups (49.15±15.22 vs 42.42±12.37% of VO2max; P=0.18). It was also shown that the high VO2max group had a lower CHO oxidation rate and a higher fat oxidation rate at given exercise intensities. In conclusion, it seems that MFO and substrate oxidation rates in taekwondo athletes can be influenced by aerobic fitness level such that the athletes with higher VO2max appeared to use more fat as a fuel source for energy supply during a given exercise.
Current and promising strategies to prevent and reduce aflatoxin contamination in grains and food matrices
Authors: Gibellato S.L. , Dalsóquio L.F. , do Nascimento I.C.A. , Alvarez T.M.
Published: August 2020

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that colonise various crops around the world and cause major damage to the agro-industrial sector on a global scale. Considering the estimative of population growth in the next decades, it is of fundamental importance the implementation of practices that help prevent the economics and social impacts of aflatoxin contamination. Even though various approaches have been developed – including physical, chemical and biological approaches – there is not yet one that strikes a balance in terms of safety, food quality and cost, especially when considering large scale application. In this review, we present a compilation of advantages and disadvantages of different strategies for prevention and reduction of aflatoxin contamination. Biological approaches represent the trend in innovations mainly due to their specificity and versatility, since it is possible to consider the utilisation of whole microorganisms, culture supernatants, purified enzymes or even genetic engineering. However, challenges related to improvement of the efficiency of such methods and ensuring safety of treated foods still need to be overcome.
Substance Use Education in Canadian Nursing Programs: A Student Survey
Authors: Gagnon Marilou , Payne Alayna , Denis-Lalonde Dominique , Wilbur Kimberly , Pauly Bernie
Published: August 2020

Background:

In Canada, nursing programs have not kept pace with the growing rates and changing patterns of substance use.

Method:

To get a sense of the current state of substance use education in nursing programs, we conducted a survey of nursing students.

Results:

Our findings indicate that (a) substance use education is minimal, 1 to 5 hours (43%) or none (20%); (b) students had more working knowledge of legal and prescribed substances than illegal ones; (c) of 22 content areas deemed essential for practice, only seven were covered; (d) students were able to identify statements consistent with a harm reduction philosophy despite limited substance use education; and (e) the majority of students wrongfully believed that illegal substances are more harmful than legal substances.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrate that substance use education in nursing programs is largely insufficient and not keeping up with current issues.[J Nurs Educ. 2020;59(9):510–513.]
Maintaining Clinical Continuity Through Virtual Simulation During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Palancia Esposito Christa , Sullivan Kelly
Published: August 2020

Background:

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, university instruction was transitioned online, including an undergraduate nursing clinical course. Charged with developing and executing virtual simulations, an online clinical course was conceived.

Method:

Simulated clinical experiences were crafted using a combination of student preassignments and video-conferencing facilitated by faculty. Each experience included the collective review of a case study and student-developed care plans before viewing and debriefing a series of videos. Students summarized their experience in a weekly written reflection.

Results:

Student feedback was examined through their reflections and verbal responses. The videos served as catalysts for robust discussion. Feedback was overwhelmingly positive related to an interactive experience, a heightened sense of teamwork, and enhanced comprehension by sharing differing perspectives of common experiences.

Conclusion:

This educational innovation was successful in creating an engaging environment that facilitated student learning and a sense of togetherness during a global pandemic. The use of technology enabled the continuity of a productive teaching–learning experience.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(9):522–525.]
Identifying Factors Influencing Pre-Service Teacher Readiness to Use Technology During Professional Practice
Authors: Tiba Chantyclaire , Condy Janet Lesley
Published: August 2020

Pre-service teachers should be taught how to use technology so that they are equipped to use the knowledge and skills acquired in their professional practice. However, studies have shown that pre-service teachers are not adequately prepared to teach with technology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore pre-service teachers' perspectives on factors that impact on their readiness to teach with technology. The TPACK and UTAUT2 models are used as frameworks. This is a qualitative study in which 16 pre-service teachers were involved in two focus group discussions, and the data obtained are deductively analysed. From the findings, a number of factors enabled and hindered teacher readiness to use technology. These factors include projects and workshops on technology, resources, and teacher-educators and mentor-teachers in schools modelling the use of technology. The study highlights the importance of consistent and effective modelling on the use of technology by teacher educators and mentor teachers in the schools in order to equip pre-service teachers to effectively teach with technology during professional practice.
Overlapping Peptides Elicit Distinct CD8+ T Cell Responses following Influenza A Virus Infection
Authors: Assmus Lisa M. , Guan Jing , Wu Ting , Farenc Carine , Sng Xavier Y. X. , Zareie Pirooz , Nguyen Angela , Nguyen Andrea T. , Tscharke David C. , Thomas Paul G. , Rossjohn Jamie , Gras Stephanie , Croft Nathan P. , Purcell Anthony W. , La Gruta Nicole L.
Published: August 2020

The presentation of pathogen-derived peptides on MHC class I molecules is essential for the initiation of adaptive CD8+ T cell immunity, which in turn is critical for effective control of many significant human infections. The identification of immunogenic pathogen-derived epitopes and a detailed understanding of how they are recognized by TCRs is essential for the design of effective T cell–based vaccines. In this study, we have characterized the T cell recognition and immune responses in mice to two naturally presented influenza A virus–derived peptides previously identified from virally infected cells via mass spectrometry. These neuraminidase-derived peptides, NA181–190 (SGPDNGAVAV) and NA181–191 (SGPDNGAVAVL), are completely overlapping with the exception of a 1 aa extension at the C terminus of the longer peptide. This minor peptidic difference results in the induction of two completely independent and non–cross-reactive T cell populations that show distinct functional characteristics after influenza A virus infection of B6 mice. We show that the unique TCR reactivity to the overlapping peptides is present in the naive repertoire prior to immune expansion in B6 mice. Moreover, we provide a structural explanation underlying the distinct CD8+ T cell reactivities, which reinforces the concept that peptide length is a key determinant of Ag specificity in CD8+ T cell responses.
STANDING update: A retrospective analysis in the Emergency Department one year after its validation
Authors: Ceccofiglio Alice , Pecci Rudi , Peruzzi Giulia , Rivasi Giulia , Rafanelli Martina , Vanni Simone , Ungar Andrea
Published: August 2020

A structured four-step bedside algorithm, named SponTAneous Nystagmus, Direction, head Impulse test, standiNG (STANDING), has been proposed to differentiate central from peripheral acute vestibulopathy in the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to evaluate the effective application of STANDING in the management of vertigo in the ED and to define its role in deciding the patient’s pathway after discharge. We retrospectively analysed data from 131 consecutive patients (65% female, mean age 56) undergoing ED visits for a vertigo complaint between April and May 2016. Our study showed that the STANDING algorithm is underused, being performed only in the 18% of patients. The positivity of the STANDING did not influence the choice of the following pathway (e.g. outpatient fast track or discharge). Moreover, a small percentage of patients had a non-audiological diagnosis (mainly presyncope), for which no defined pathways were yet foreseen. Our study emphasized the need for continuous updating with appropriate training courses and the importance of a multidisciplinary assessment of vertigo in the ED.
High Ki67 proliferation index but not cell-of-origin subtypes is associated with shorter overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Zaiem Feras , Jerbi Rada , Albanyan Omar , Puccio Jordyn , Kafri Zyad , Yang Jay , Gabali Ali M
Published: August 2020

Background: CD10, BCL6, and MUM1 are commonly used immunohistochemical stains for classifying diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which is useful in predicting outcome. Conflicting reports of the prognostic value of other markers such as BCL2, CD23, and Ki67 proliferation index have been reported. Our objective was to correlate these immunostains and Hans classification with response to therapy and overall survival. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with DLBCL from 2008–2014 at a tertiary-care cancer hospital. The slides with the IHC stains were reviewed by two independent pathologists. The clinical outcomes––assessed independently––were response to therapy and overall survival. The treatment response evaluation was based on the new Lugano classification. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Fisher’s exact test and Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Forty-one patients were included in the study with a known Hans classification, available clinical data, and at least 5-year follow-up. CD10 immunostain was reported in all patients, whereas CD23 was the least reported in only four patients. No significant association was observed between CD10, BCL6, MUM1, BCL2, and both Response to therapy and overall survival. Owing to few cases reported CD23 immunostain, further analysis of association is not reported. High Ki67 proliferative index of >80% was statistically significantly associated with shorter overall survival and not statistically significant associated with no response to therapy. Hans classification subtypes were not predictive in regard to therapy response. Conclusion: High Ki67 expression (>80%) was associated with shorter overall survival in DLBCL. Hans classification subtypes were not predictive.
Population Dynamics of Suez Pufferfish (Lagocephalus suezensis) in Iskenderun Bay
Authors: Manasirli Meltem , Mavruk Sinan , Yeldan Hacer , Avsar Dursun
Published: August 2020

Suez pufferfish (Lagocephalus suezensis) is a Lessepsian species introduced to the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal. This study was carried out for the identification of some population dynamics parameters of Suez pufferfish (Lagocephalus suezensis) distributed along the western coast of Iskenderun Bay. Samples were seasonally collected from two transects at 10 and 20 m depth contours from 2006 to 2017 using a commercial bottom trawl net with 44 mm mesh size. A total of 1279 individuals were investigated. Among them 427 were males, 586 were females, 266 were juveniles. Total length ranged from 5.2 to 24.0 cm and mean length was 13.44 ± 2.02 (± standard error) cm; total weight ranged from 1.77 to 232.97 g and mean weight was 32.05 ± 14.28 g for all individuals. Length-weight relationships were W=0.02*TL2.83 for males, W= 0.02*TL2.82 for females, and W=0.02*TL2.89 for aggregated data. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were as follows; L∞ = 24.97 cm, K = 0.60 year-1, t0= -0.28, Rn = 0.145 for all specimens. Growth performance index was calculated as 5.92. Rates of total (Z) and natural (M) mortality was found to be 1.07 and 0.981 year-1.
Leaching characteristics and curing mechanism of magnesium phosphate cement solidified zinc-contaminated soil in an acid rain environment
Authors: Wang Zhe , Zhu Hangjun , Wu Xuehui , Wei Binpin , Zhou Hongli , Xu Sifa
Published: August 2020

A semi-dynamic leaching test was used to simulate the erosion effect of acid rain on magnesium phosphate cement (MPC)-stabilized/solidified zinc-contaminated soil. The leaching characteristics and curing mechanism were studied with a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Influences of the initial pH value of the simulated acid rain, the ratio of the curing agent (MgO/KH2PO4, abbreviated M/P), and the mass of water glass on the leaching characteristics of Zn2+ and conductivity in the leachate of the sample were studied. It is shown that the curing effect of the cement component on Zn2+ is better for M/P = 6 when compared to M/P = 4 in a strong acid environment. While in a weak acid environment, it is observed that the curing effect is superior when M/P = 4. Also it is observed that 4% water glass content can effectively improve the cement curing effect of heavy metal Zn in an acid rain environment. These results indicate that water glass can be effectively applied to MPC solidified heavy metal Zn.
Genetic Resources – A new attempt at serving the community
Authors: Maggioni Lorenzo , Bozzano Michele , Danchin Coralie , Goritschnig Sandra
Published: August 2020

Through the Horizon 2020 project ’GenRes Bridge’ the new journal Genetic Resources was conceived to serve as a  new cross-cutting platform for stakeholders and practitioners in genetic resources. Its ambition is to provide access to relevant information and tools for the monitoring, conservation, management, characterization and use of genetic resources, and thus to contribute to the FAO global plans of action on genetic resources. Conceived to ﬁll the gaps left by the discontinuation of the journals Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter and Animal Genetic Resources, it aims at serving the genetic resources community worldwide and across sectors.
Global status of genetic resources for food and agriculture: challenges and research needs
Authors: Pilling Dafydd , Bélanger Julie , Diulgheroff Stefano , Koskela Jarkko , Leroy Grégoire , Mair Graham , Hoffmann Irene
Published: August 2020

Plant, animal, forest, aquatic, micro-organism and invertebrate genetic resources are vital to food security, nutrition, livelihoods and the resilience and adaptability of global agricultural production systems. Despite increasing efforts in recent years, much remains to be done to improve the management of these resources. Many are at risk of extinction or erosion and many have been overlooked in terms of use and development. There is an urgent need to address these deﬁciencies, both within the individual sectors of food and agriculture and in terms of how genetic resources management can be better integrated across sectors. These efforts will need to include action to address the multiple knowledge gaps that constrain improvements to management. They will also need to include the creation of policy and institutional frameworks that promote collaboration and stakeholder participation and allow sustainable management strategies to be implemented effectively at appropriate scales.
On Stability of Bases Made from Perturbed Exponential Systems in Morrey Type Spaces
Authors: Guliyeva Fatima
Published: August 2020

Perturbed exponential system {eiλkχ}keZ (where {λn} is some sequence of real numbers) isconsidered in Morrey spaces Lp,α (0, π) These spaces arenon-separable (except for exceptional cases), and thereforethe above system is not complete in them. Based on theshift operator, we define the subspace Mp,a (0, π)C Lp,α (0, π) where continuous functions aredense. We find a condition on the sequence {λn} which issufficient for the above system to form a basis for thesubspace Mp,a (0, π). Our results are the analogues ofthose obtained earlier for the Lebesgue spaces Lp. Wealso establish an analogue of classical Levinson theorem onthe completeness of above system in the spaces Lp,1 <= p <=+∞
Management of 6 Months old Neglected Talus Neck Fracture: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Moger Nagaraj Manju , Pragadeeshwaran J  , Sarkar Mosharaf Hossain , Meena Pradeep Kumar
Published: August 2020

Talus fractures are very rarely seen and account for approximately 1 percent of fractures around the foot and ankle Talar neck fractures are likely to damage the anastomotic ring, resulting in disruption of blood supply to the talar body which leads to significant problems in fracture healing and integrity. Approximately 39 percent of midfoot and ankle fractures could be missed during initial evaluation due to a lack of adequate radiological and clinical examination. Among these missed injuries approximately 50 percent are talus fractures. A 23-year-old male patient came with complaints of pain over the left foot while walking for 6 months. He had a history of falls from 10 feet height 6 months back. He was conservatively managed in a local hospital without any proper diagnosis. He presented to us 6 months later with chronic, dull aching, continuous pain which aggravates while walking and standing. The diagnosis of the non-union fracture neck of talus was made after radiology and was managed by open reduction and internal fixation with cannulated cancellous screws along with ipsilateral iliac crest cancellous bone grafting. Lack of timely diagnosis escalates the vascular insult, delays timely intervention, and increases morbidity.
Assessment of Preoperative and Postoperative Changes in Corneal Astigmatism after Pterygium Excision by Diﬀerent Techniques
Authors: Chevuturu Madhavi
Published: August 2020

Background: Pterygium causes visual problems due to induced corneal astigmatism or direct encroachment onto the visual axis. The present study was conducted to compare preoperative and postoperative changes in corneal astigmatism after pterygium excision by different techniques. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted from May 2018 to August 20018 on 69 patients of age range 20-55 years of primary Pterygium. Patients were divided into three groups of 23 each. Group I was treated with bare sclera (BS) technique, Group II with conjunctival autograft (CAG) technique and Group III with amniotic membrane graft (AMG) technique. All the patients were preoperatively assessed for visual acuity, anterior and posterior segments, autorefraction, and autokeratometry. After surgery, the patients were recalled on day 5, 1 month, and 3 months for the analysis. Results: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) preoperatively was 0.57, on the 5th day was 0.45 after 1 month was and after 3 months was 35. The mean preoperative astigmatism value in group I was 3.45, in group II was 3.52 and in group III was 3.49. Postoperative astigmatism value in group I was 1.60, in group II was 0.92 and in group III was 0.81. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found that amniotic membrane graft and a conjunctival autograft is better surgical techniques than bare sclera in reducing astigmatism.
Eﬀects of intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Intraoperative Hemodynamic Parameters in the Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Singh Arjun , Dogra Ravi Singh , Poonam  , Thakur Reva
Published: August 2020

Background: Dexmedetomidine, in addition to sympatholytic effect, diminishes intraoperative requirement of anesthetics including propofol. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on intraoperative hemodynamics in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Subjects and Methods: Five patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy received dexmedetomidine. Dexmedeto- midine was loaded (1 µg/kg) before anesthesia induction and infused (0.6 µg/kg/h) during surgery. Anesthesia was induced with propofol. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at baseline and at various time points from the loading of drugs to just after tracheal extubation. Results: Both HR and MAPdecreased till insufflation and then increased at extubation. Conclusion: During propofol-based anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, dexmedetomidine provides stable intraoperative hemodynamics.
CT-Scan vs MRI in Diagnosing Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Mohammed Nizamuddin  , Mohammed Naseeruddin  , Abkari Anand
Published: August 2020

Background: MRI imaging offers more sensitivity than CT to cartilage invasion but results in a high rate of false-positive studies which decreases their overall accuracy. The objective is to compare accuracy of CT scan vs MRI in the laryngeal carcinoma. Subjects and Methods: All patients have been diagnosed, with and without contrast, including neck MRI and CT. In order to prevent invalidation, before laryngeal biopsy, MRI and CT scanning have been done such that the images are not altered by peri tumorous inflammation. Results: The MRI classification was right  for 20 out of 25 patients (80 percent) and 5 outsized cases: three cT1b lesions were pT1a and two cT1a lesions were squamous cell papilloma’s during pathological examination. CT was accurately identified in 17 out of 25 patients (68%), with 8 understated cases: 3 cT1a lesions by     CT were pT1b, 3 cT1a lesions were pT3, and 2 tumours had not been found in the CT scan. Conclusion: Our research showed that MRI in preoperative stage early glottic cancer is more sensitive than CT to accurately select eligible patients for conservatory larynx surgery like super cricoid laryngectomy and cordectomy.
Radioimaging Evaluation of Primary Bone Tumors and Tumor like Lesions
Authors: Sunil K Vatukiya  , Kapadia Bhautik
Published: August 2020

Background: Bone tumour is relatively rarely encountered by radiologist, so sometimes it creates diagnostic difficulty. Aim over study was   to determine the X-ray CT and MRI characteristics of different primary bone tumours and tumour like lesion and correlation of radiologic diagnosis with histopathologic diagnosis whenever possible. To understand the advantages and limitations of different radio-imaging techniques. Subjects and Methods: We have studied total 45 cases of primary bone tumour and tumour like lesions during study of 15 months duration in department of Radiodiagnosis, Baroda Medical College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. First radiological diagnosis and differential diagnosis was given than histopathologic examination was done in all malignant and indeterminate lesions for final diagnosis. Results:  Out of 45 patients   21 (46.6%) were female and 24 (53.3%) were male. Benign and malignant lesions were 69% and 31% respectively. Multiple lesions were common with osteochondroma, hemangioma and multiple myeloma. Most common malignant tumour was osteosarcoma and benign tumour was osteochondroma. Pathologic fracture was seen in 6 patients but out of them 2 fractures were missed on radiograph. Skip lesions were seen in two malignant lesions which was missed on radiograph and CT but it was easily detected on MRI. Conclusion: Radiography is baseline investigation for evaluation of bone tumor and tumour like lesions. Pathological fracture and matrix mineralization can be better seen on CT. MR is superior in detection skip lesion, soft tissue and marrow extension.
Current Role and Importance of USG Guided FNAC for Rapid Diagnosis of Suspicious Mass Lesions
Authors: Jethva Maulik , Dholakiya Parth , Hapani Hiral
Published: August 2020

Background: Ultrasound guided Fine needle aspiration is a diagnostic procedure that inserts a small needle into a suspicious mass to extract some cells which are then visualized under the microscope. The aim of the present study was to determine utility and safety of ultrasound guided FNAC in rapid evaluation of various mass lesions. Subjects and Methods: In this study, 120 patients of age between 20-60 years with various mass lesions referred for ultrasonography guided FNAC to the department of radiodiagnosis, PDU Medical College and Civil hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat over a period of 1.5 years from 1/5/2018 to 1/11/2019are included. Results: Ultrasonography guided FNAC was performed by the same investigator, an experienced radiologist, using a real time scanner (logicP9; GE Healthcare) under standard septic precautions. Conclusion: Our study contributes to the conclusion that USG guided FNAC can easilybe used for the aspiration of lesion of the breast, thyroid, lymph nodes, liver, lung, musculoskeletal system etc. It does not use ionizing radiation, has no known harmful effects, and provides rapid diagnosis of the suspicious mass lesions &a firm diagnosis of impalpable lesions can be made preoperatively. Advantages of USG guided FNAC:- 1. Cost effectiveness, 2. No radiation hazards, 3. Easy to perform, 4. Dynamic evaluation of vessels, 5. Perfect real time Localization of the target lesion,
Role of Ultrasonography in Thyroid Nodules with Pathological Correlation
Authors: Subhash C. Sylonia  , Kumar Pranay
Published: August 2020

Background: Thyroid nodule imaging had been a challenging task. Ultrasound has been the modality of choice for detection & evaluation of these lesions. This study was done to identify the accuracy of various imaging features in thyroid nodules that are associated with benignity  and malignancy and the overall accuracy of ultrasound in determining malignant nodules. The objective of the study are: (1) Ultrasonographic evaluation of thyroid to characterize the thyroid disease and nodules (benign vs malignant) and their morphologic evaluation. (2) Sensitivity and Specificity on the basis of radiological, and cytopathological correlation for suspected thyroid lesions. Subjects and Methods: A total of seventy patients (70) of both sexes and different age group, meeting the inclusion criterion, were the part of present prospective study. The cases referred to the Department of Radio-diagnosis and imaging from OPD/IPD of Saraswathi Institute of Medical sciences, Hapur from October’2017 to July’2019. An informed consent was taken from all the patients subjected for evaluation. Results: The collective data was analysed for Ultrasound findings of thyroid nodule which presented clinically as solitary or multiple thyroid nodules. The total number of cases analysed was 70 out of which 48 were found to have solitary/multinodular lesions clincally. On ultrasound evaluation out of 48 patients 38   had solitary/multinodular lesions. Conclusion: High resolution sonography is recommended as the primary imaging modality in evaluation of thyroid diseases. It has a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases.
Lung Manifestation of Collagen Vascular Disease in HRCT
Authors: Jagruti Kalola  , Trivedi Anjana , Happani Hiral , Chauhan Mohit
Published: August 2020

Background: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the thoracic manifestations associated with the Connective tissue disorders, with an emphasis on interstitial and airway disease pattern on the High Resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted for a period of one year. A total of 50 patients with various connective tissue disorders having respiratory complaints were evaluated. Results:  During the study period 50 patients (80%females and 20%males) underwent evaluation. Cough and dyspnea were  the most common presenting symptoms. Variety of thoracic abnormalities weredetected in 67 (95%) cases. Most common abnormality detected on HRCT was interstitial fibrosis/interstitial lung disease present in (60%) cases. Most common parenchymal abnormalities seen were reticulations (61.4%), ground glass opacification (40%), mosaic attenuation (32.8%) and honeycombing (24.3%). Airway abnormalities seen were bronchiectasis (48.5%), emphysema (12.8%), and ground glass nodules (2.8%). Conclusion: Interstitial lung disease is the most common pulmonary manifestation among patients with connective tissue disorders, and early detection and prompt treatment is expected to improve the outcome.
A Sonographic Study on Estimating of Gestational Age by Placental Thickness
Authors: Patil Prashanth G , KM Nataraj  , Saheb Shaik Hussain
Published: August 2020

Background: Knowledge of gestational age (GA) is important because it affects clinical management in many ways. Ultrasonography has provided a safe and noninvasive means of dating a pregnancy. The purpose of the present study is to assess the relationship of placental thickness with gestational age and to compare it with other sonographic parameters used to estimate gestational age. Subjects and Methods: The study included 242 normal pregnant women who knew their last menstrual period (LMP). After taking consent, all the women underwent an ultrasound examination. During the scan, besides measuring routine biometric parameters, Placental thickness at the cord insertion was also measured. A retrospective study was designated to test the hypothesis that placental thickness in an age dependant variable and hence can predict gestational age. In the end, the predicted gestational age by placental thickness was compared with gestational age as determined by other sonographic parameters. Results: Placental thickness showed a linear progression in relation to the menstrual age. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.86(p<0.001). The regression equation was formulated by regressing gestational age on the measured placental thickness. The correlation coefficient between GA-LMP and GA-USG was 0.92 as compared to 0.86 between GA-LMP and GA-PT. The standard error for other USG parameters was +2.32 compared to +2.96 for placental thickness. Conclusion: Placental thickness being a fusion of menstrual age, can be used to predict the gestational age by using the regression formula. Gestational age calculated by other USG parameters is closer to menstrual age as compared to that by placental thickness. The prediction interval was slightly more when the placental thickness was used instead of other USG parameters. Placental thickness is a good alternative parameter for predicting gestational age in the second and third trimester.
Study of Supratentorial Tumours by Computed Tomography
Authors: Patil Prashanth G , KM Nataraj  , Saheb Shaik Hussain
Published: August 2020

Background: Brain neoplasms may be classified by the location of supratentorial, infratentorial and midline tumours. Of the supratentorial neoplasms, meningiomas are the most frequent extra-axial neoplasms. CT has become the most important diagnostic procedure in evaluating patients suspected of harboring an intracranial tumor. It is still considered the basic radiologic study since it gives specific information for the management of brain tumours and is minimally invasive. The purpose of this study was to assess the distribution, features, localization and extent of supratentorial neoplasms. Subjects and Methods: Fifty cases with symptoms of intracranial pathology and on CT found to have supratentorial tumours were studied. Results: The CT patterns of 50 supratentorial tumours were reviewed, out of which 30 cases i.e. 60%, were found to be intra- axial and 20 i.e. 40% extra-axial tumours. GBM formed the major group of the intra axial tumours i.e. 18 %, and meningiomas formed the major extra-axial tumours forming 26%. Conclusion: CT proves to be a valuable modality of imaging in evaluating the distribution, features, localizing and assessing the extent of various intra and extra-axial tumours in the supratentorial region.
MRI Evaluation of Painful Hip Joint
Authors: Chhabra Sahil , Kaur Navkiran , Bhatnagar Simmi , Chhabra Prerna , Puri Shivani
Published: August 2020

Background: The hip is a stable, major weight-bearing joint with significant mobility. It can be involved by numerous pathological conditions like congenital and developmental, infective, arthritic, and neoplastic. Hence, early diagnosis and characterization of pathology play a vital role for the clinicians in proper management and follow-up of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the role of MRI in the diagnosis of painful hip pathology. Subjects and Methods: This study was a prospective study; total 50 patients were included in this study. This study was conducted at the Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. MR Imaging was done with a 1.5 Tesla superconductive scanner (Siemens 1.5 T Magnetom AERA MRI Machine). Results: 26 out of 69 total hip joints affected (including bilateral) were diagnosed as avascular necrosis, 14 hips as osteoarthritis, and 10 hips as septic arthritis. Inflammatory arthritis was diagnosed in 7 hips, femoroacetabular impingement and an acetabular labral tear in 2 hips each. 2 cases were reported as normal hip joint and 1 case each was reported as a primary and metastatic tumor. Conclusion: MRI is the method of choice in characterizing the various disorders of the hip joint, and it can point out specific features leading to an accurate diagnosis of the painful hip joint.
Comparison between Conventional Radiography and High Resolution Computed Tomography in Interstitial Disease of Lungs
Authors: P. Madhu  , D. Santhosh
Published: August 2020

Background : Interstitial lung diseases are a diverse group of over 200 disease entities in which the primary site of injury is the lung interstitium. These diseases vary widely in their etiology, clinicoradiologic presentation, histopathological features and clinical course. HRCT has its limitations in the detection of interstitial lung diseases, its sensitivity is not 100% and the limitations of sensitivity are not well established.  This study attempted to compare between conventional radiography and HRCT in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases. Subjects and Methods: All the patients were subjected to both conventional radiography and HRCT examinations and the images were viewed and analyzed. The two modalities were compared with regards to their ability to detect findings like nodular opacities, reticular opacities, septal thickening, honeycombing, lymphadenopathy etc. Results: The study has gender distribution of 60% males and 40% females. The main result of the study was that higher number of samples with findings were detected by HRCT than conventional radiography. In the detection of nodular opacity and septal thickening, the p value was less than 0.05 meaning the difference was statistically significant. Of the 30 patients, 2 had normal chest radiograms while HRCT was able to detect reticular opacities in these patients. The most common abnormality seen in both chest radiograms and HRCT was reticular opacities. The distinction between air space nodules and interstitial nodules was also much better appreciated on HRCT than on conventional radiography. In the detection of honeycombing, HRCT was much more specific being able to detect it in cases when the chest radiogram showed only reticular opacities. Even in the detection of other findings like air trapping and lymphadenopathy, HRCT scored over conventional radiography. Conclusion: HRCT therefore seems to be the investigation of choice in evaluating patients of interstitial lung disease.
Poetry as a Strategy for Teaching English
Authors: Proitsaki Maria
Published: August 2020

This article explores ways to introduce and integrate poetry in English classes in the context of second-language education. My aim is to spark interest in contemporary poetry while addressing general perceptions by both teachers and students that poetry is difficult to engage in. I thus argue for an approach that centers on "easier" poems and involves aspects of contemporary popular culture to introduce poetry, help students appreciate it, and eventually engage in creative writing of their own. Furthermore, I suggest ways in which poetry can be integrated in English courses at large, via the inclusion of strings of poems, within their broader cultural contexts, and by linking them to different, more popular cultural forms of expression, such as songs, films, and cartoons. I exemplify this approach by focusing on two poems by African American poet Nikki Giovanni. "Knoxville, Tennessee" and "Nikki-Rosa" are autobiographical poems which offer first-person accounts of the poet's African American cultural background. However, my intertextual approach interconnects these poems with other poems and cultural texts from different parts of the English-speaking world. Ultimately, I suggest that poetry, due to its brevity and open-endedness, can enhance the study of the English language and Anglophone cultures in a variety of ways beyond the close study of verse in terms of aesthetics.
Feminist Futures of American Studies
Authors: Leyda Julia
Published: August 2020

This article reflects on the long-term and recent developments in the interdisciplinary field of American studies and its imbrications with its cultural and political contexts. Pushing back against premature assertions of feminism's obsolescence, I argue that scholars and teachers of American studies and media studies must take the popular seriously―popular film and television as well as popular political movements. Given the growing demand from students for a deeper and more sustained engagement with intersectional feminism, the article works through some short case studies to urge even the confirmed feminists to rethink and refresh their approaches to teaching and performing scholarship to best provide students with the theoretical tools to strengthen and define their feminism as a discipline as well as an attitude. Inspired by the popular 2014 movement, "The Year of Reading Women," the #metoo and #timesup phenomena, and the popularity of and backlash against celebrity feminism of Beyoncé and others, this article weaves together academic and pop-cultural sources such as Sara Ahmed and Roxane Gay to underscore our responsibility to maintain, nurture, and contribute to the progress made by previous generations of feminists.
Online Life Writing
Authors: Schultermandl Silvia
Published: August 2020

In lieu of an abstract, here is the first paragraph of this contribution to this forum:

The advent of Facebook in 2004, Twitter in 2006, Tumblr in 2007, Instagram and Pinterest in 2010, and Snapchat and Google+ in 2011 facilitated the emergence of “everyday” autobiographies out of keeping with memoir practices of the past.[1] These “quick media” enable constant, instantaneous, and seemingly organic expressions of everyday lives.[2] To read quick media as “autobiographical acts” allows us to analyze how people mobilize online media as representations of their lives and the lives of others.[3] They do so through a wide range of topics including YouTube testimonials posted by asylum seekers (Whitlock 2015) and the life-style oriented content on Pinterest.[4] To be sure, the political content of these different quick media life writing varies greatly. Nevertheless, in line with the feminist credo that the personal is political, these expressions of selfhood are indicative of specific societal and political contexts and thus contribute to the memoir boom long noticed on the literary market.[5]
A Comparison Between Iranian L3 French and German Learners’ Perception of Factors Influencing Willingness to Speak English in Language Classrooms: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Bavali Mohammad , Siyahi Asma
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present study sought to investigate the effect of learning a third language on learners' willingness to communicate in their second language. The main purpose of the study, however, was to consider the difference between Iranian English/French learners and Iranian English/German learners in their willingness to communicate (WTC) in the second language and to examine the factors influencing their willingness to speak in English. The study benefited from a mixed methodology design comprising both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. The participants of the study were 20 bilingual learners and 40 trilingual learners, including 20 German learners and 20 French learners. They were selected as the sample population based on their performance on the standard test of OPT (Oxford Placement Test). It was an applied research in which a descriptive survey method had been adopted. A (WTC) questionnaire was used for collecting data. The results indicated a significant difference between bilingual and trilingual learners in their willingness to communicate in English. However, no significant difference was detected between trilingual learners. To verify the quantitative findings and to assess the accuracy of their results, interviews were used. Accordingly, a group of German and French learners was invited for interviews. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve L3 learners to examine the factors influencing willingness to communicate in both groups. The qualitative data derived from interviews were analyzed using NVivo software. No significant difference in the factors affecting willingness to communicate was seen between trilingual groups, which was confirmed by the findings of both quantitative and qualitative methods.
Keywords: mixed methods, willingness to communicate, bilingualism, trilingualism