bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Il y a tant à perdre à l'adolescence !
Authors: Belamich Garance , Costantino Charlotte
Published: November 2012

Résumé Il faut pouvoir se souvenir de l’enfant d’hier pour pouvoir le quitter progressivement. Se souvenir pour pouvoir grandir... C’est ainsi que pourrait être désigné le travail psychothérapeutique que les auteurs proposent aux patients adolescents, à cheval entre l’enfance regrettée qu’il faut quitter avec nostalgie et l’âge adulte redouté qu’il faut apprivoiser avec autant de curiosité que d’appréhensions. À quelles pertes l’adolescent est-il confronté ? Quelle est la place de la remémoration dans ce processus thérapeutique à l’âge de l’entre-deux ? Soutient-elle le processus qui conduit l’adolescent vers les renoncements nécessaires ? Comment l’institution crée-t-elle les conditions à son élaboration ? Quelle sorte de retrouvailles avec les objets de l’enfance permet-elle ? En quoi se souvenir permet de renoncer aux positions infantiles antérieures et soutient le processus de deuil nécessaire ?
Un « chez-soi » en ehpad ?
Authors: Ferreira Élisabeth , Zawieja Philippe
Published: November 2012

Résumé L’entrée en maison de retraite demande à la personne âgée à la fois de faire le deuil d’un « chez-soi » et de tenter d’en recréer un nouveau. À partir d’une double dynamique d’identité et de protection, cet article examine selon quelles modalités le résident peut investir son nouveau domicile, et comment l’institution peut jouer son rôle de puissance accueillante.
Renoncement ou renaissance du Soi du sujet âgé ?
Authors: Kafoa Nadège , Roumilhac Vanessa
Published: November 2012

Résumé La multitude des pertes qui caractérisent le vieillissement a construit une vision déficitaire du sujet âgé. Leur retentissement psychologique porte aussi bien sur le sujet lui-même que sur le système familial. La problématique de castration se rejoue. L’identité se redéfinit sur fond de deuils et de renoncements. L’institutionnalisation met en lumière ces pertes et leurs atteintes narcissiques mais peut également se révéler comme le lieu de nouveaux investissements relationnels, sociaux, culturels.
La prépension conventionnelle (1974-2012)
Authors: Claes Thibaut
Published: November 2012

Les politiques de retrait anticipé du marché du travail sont nées dans les années 1970, lorsque le chômage est devenu un problème crucial. Le plus ancien et le plus répandu des systèmes actuels est la prépension conventionnelle. Il consiste dans le versement d’une allocation de chômage à charge de la sécurité sociale, complétée d’une indemnité à charge de l’employeur et réglée par une convention collective de travail. Les travailleurs âgés qui en bénéficient ressortissent de la réglementation du chômage, mais font l’objet de diverses dérogations dont l’absence d’inscription comme demandeurs d’emploi. Dès sa conception, le système a connu un grand succès, à titre de mesure sociale d’accompagnement des licenciements collectifs et parce qu’il équivaut, dans les faits, à une retraite anticipée. Cette popularité, tant auprès des employeurs que des travailleurs et de leurs représentants, lui a permis de s’ancrer profondément dans la réalité sociale belge. Le présent Courrier hebdomadaire rend compte des multiples évolutions juridiques qu’a connues la prépension conventionnelle en près de 40 ans : il appréhende leur genèse et leur philosophie, et analyse leurs effets escomptés et leurs résultats effectifs. Il étudie également les positions des syndicats et du patronat, afin de comprendre les débats nombreux et souvent conflictuels qui ont marqué et marquent encore l’histoire de ce système. Il met ainsi en perspective les modifications drastiques que mène actuellement le gouvernement Di Rupo, dans le cadre de sa réforme des fins de carrière.
L'autisme
Authors: Vidal Jean-Marie
Published: November 2012

Résumé Les confusions entre autisme et carences de soins parentaux d’un côté, ou débilité mentale de l’autre, tiennent au fait que ces trois troubles montrent des symptômes semblables malgré des causes très distinctes. Le « trouble envahissant » qu’est l’autisme concerne spécifiquement le développement humain de la symbolisation. Se priver des approches psychanalytiques de ce développement et de ses dérives pathologiques relèverait de l’obscurantisme. Il nous faut plutôt repérer les limites de la « technique du jeu » avec des enfants autistes et envisager des modalités leur permettant d’opérer le « partage symbolique » des personnes de leur entourage.
Existence of strong solutions for the motion of an elastic structure in an incompressible viscous fluid
Authors: Boulakia Muriel , Schwindt Erica L. , Takahashi Takéo
Published: November 2012

In this paper we study a three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction problem. The motion of the fluid is modeled by the Navier–Stokes equations and we consider for the elastic structure a finite dimensional approximation of the equation of linear elasticity. The time variation of the fluid domain is not known a priori, so we deal with a free boundary value problem. Our main result yields the local in time existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for this system.
FTIR time-series of biomass burning products (HCN, C2H6, C2H2, CH3OH, and HCOOH) at Reunion Island (21° S, 55° E) and comparisons with model data
Authors: Vigouroux C. , Stavrakou T. , Whaley C. , Dils B. , Duflot V. , Hermans C. , Kumps N. , Metzger J.-M. , Scolas F. , Vanhaelewyn G. , Müller J.-F. , Jones D. B. A. , Li Q. , De Mazière M.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Reunion Island (21° S, 55° E), situated in the Indian Ocean at about 800 km east of Madagascar, is appropriately located to monitor the outflow of biomass burning pollution from Southern Africa and Madagascar, in the case of short-lived compounds, and from other Southern Hemispheric landmasses such as South America, in the case of longer-lived species. Ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption observations are sensitive to a large number of biomass burning products. We present in this work the FTIR retrieval strategies, suitable for very humid sites such as Reunion Island, for hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ethane (C2H6), acetylene (C2H2), methanol (CH3OH), and formic acid (HCOOH). We provide their total columns time-series obtained from the measurements during August–October 2004, May–October 2007, and May 2009–December 2010. We show that biomass burning explains a large part of the observed seasonal and interannual variability of the chemical species. The correlations between the daily mean total columns of each of the species and those of CO, also measured with our FTIR spectrometer at Reunion Island, are very good from August to November (R ≥ 0.86). This allows us to derive, for that period, the following enhancement ratios with respect to CO: 0.0047, 0.0078, 0.0020, 0.012, and 0.0046 for HCN, C2H6, C2H2, CH3OH, and HCOOH, respectively. The HCN ground-based data are compared to the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem, while the data for the other species are compared to the IMAGESv2 model. We show that using the HCN/CO ratio derived from our measurements (0.0047) in GEOS-Chem reduces the underestimation of the modeled HCN columns compared with the FTIR measurements. The comparisons between IMAGESv2 and the long-lived species C2H6 and C2H2 indicate that the biomass burning emissions used in the model (from the GFED3 inventory) are probably underestimated in the late September–October period for all years of measurements, and especially in 2004. The comparisons with the short-lived species, CH3OH and HCOOH, with lifetimes of around 5 days, suggest that the emission underestimation in late September–October 2004, occurs more specifically in the Southeastern Africa-Madagascar region. The very good correlation of CH3OH and HCOOH with CO suggests that, despite the dominance of the biogenic source of these compounds on the global scale, biomass burning is their major source at Reunion Island between August and November.
Impact of urban parameterization on high resolution air quality forecast with the GEM – AQ model
Authors: Struzewska J. , Kaminski J. W.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of urban cover on high-resolution air quality forecast simulations with the GEM-AQ (Global Environmental Multiscale and Air Quality) model. The impact of urban area on the ambient atmosphere is non-stationary, and short-term variability of meteorological conditions may result in significant changes of the observed intensity of urban heat island and pollutant concentrations. In this study we used the Town Energy Balance (TEB) parameterization to represent urban effects on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters at the final nesting level with horizontal resolution of ~5 km over Southern Poland. Three one-day cases representing different meteorological conditions were selected and the model was run with and without the TEB parameterization. Three urban cover categories were used in the TEB parameterization: mid-high buildings, very low buildings and low density suburbs. Urban cover layers were constructed based on an area fraction of towns in a grid cell. To analyze the impact of urban parameterization on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters, anomalies in the lowest model layer for the air temperature, wind speed and pollutant concentrations were calculated. Anomalies of the specific humidity fields indicate that the use of the TEB parameterization leads to a systematic reduction of moisture content in the air. Comparison with temperature and wind speed measurements taken at urban background monitoring stations shows that application of urban parameterization improves model results. For primary pollutants the impact of urban areas is most significant in regions characterized with high emissions. In most cases the anomalies of NO2 and CO concentrations were negative. This reduction is most likely caused by an enhanced vertical mixing due to elevated surface temperature and modified vertical stability.
Wintertime Arctic Ocean sea water properties and primary marine aerosol concentrations
Authors: Zábori J. , Krejci R. , Ekman A. M. L. , Mårtensson E. M. , Ström J. , de Leeuw G. , Nilsson E. D.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Sea spray aerosols are an important part of the climate system through their direct and indirect effects. Due to the diminishing sea ice, the Arctic Ocean is one of the most rapidly changing sea spray aerosol source areas. However, the influence of these changes on primary particle production is not known. In laboratory experiments we examined the influence of Arctic Ocean water temperature, salinity, and oxygen saturation on primary particle concentration characteristics. Sea water temperature was identified as the most important of these parameters. A strong decrease in sea spray aerosol production with increasing water temperature was observed for water temperatures between −1°C and 9°C. Aerosol number concentrations decreased from at least 1400 cm−3 to 350 cm−3. In general, the aerosol number size distribution exhibited a robust shape with one mode close to dry diameter Dp 0.2 μm with approximately 45% of particles at smaller sizes. Changes in sea water temperature did not result in pronounced change of the shape of the aerosol size distribution, only in the magnitude of the concentrations. Our experiments indicate that changes in aerosol emissions are most likely linked to changes of the physical properties of sea water at low temperatures. The observed strong dependence of sea spray aerosol concentrations on sea water temperature, with a large fraction of the emitted particles in the typical cloud condensation nuclei size range, provide strong arguments for a more careful consideration of this effect in climate models.
Black carbon vertical profiles strongly affect its radiative forcing uncertainty
Authors: Samset B. H. , Myhre G. , Schulz M. , Balkanski Y. , Bauer S. , Berntsen T. K. , Bian H. , Bellouin N. , Diehl T. , Easter R. C. , Ghan S. J. , Iversen T. , Kinne S. , Kirkevåg A. , Lamarque J.-F. , Lin G. , Liu X. , Penner J. , Seland Ø. , Skeie R.B. , Stier P. , Takemura T. , Tsigaridis K. , Zhang K.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. The impact of black carbon (BC) aerosols on the global radiation balance is not well constrained. Here twelve global aerosol models are used to show that at least 20% of the present uncertainty in modeled BC direct radiative forcing (RF) is due to diversity in the simulated vertical profile of BC mass. Results are from phases 1 and 2 of the global aerosol model intercomparison project (AeroCom). Additionally, a significant fraction of the variability is shown to come from high altitudes, as, globally, more than 40% of the total BC RF is exerted above 5 km. BC emission regions and areas with transported BC are found to have differing characteristics. These insights into the importance of the vertical profile of BC lead us to suggest that observational studies are needed to better characterize the global distribution of BC, including in the upper troposphere.
Anammox, denitrification and fixed-nitrogen removal in sediments from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary
Authors: Crowe S. A. , Canfield D. E. , Mucci A. , Sundby B. , Maranger R.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Incubations of intact sediment cores and sediment slurries reveal that anammox is an important sink for fixed nitrogen in sediments from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE), where it occurs at a rate of 5.5 ± 1.7 µmol N m−2 h−1. Canonical denitrification occurs at a rate of 11.3 ± 1.1 µmol N m−2 h−1, and anammox is thus responsible for up to 33% of the total N2 production. Both anammox and denitrification are mostly (> 95%) fueled by nitrate and nitrite produced in situ through benthic nitrification. Nitrification accounts for > 15% of the benthic oxygen demand and may, therefore, contribute significantly to the development and maintenance of hypoxic conditions in the LSLE. The rate of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium is three orders of magnitude lower than denitrification and anammox, and it is insignificant to N-cycling. NH4+ oxidation by sedimentary Fe(III) and Mn(III/IV) in slurry incubations with N isotope labels did not occur at measurable rates; moreover, we found no evidence for NH4+ oxidation by added Mn(III)-pyrophosphate.
Lead, zinc, and chromium concentrations in acidic headwater streams in Sweden explained by chemical, climatic, and land-use variations
Authors: Huser B. J. , Fölster J. , Köhler S. J.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Long-term data series (1996–2009) for eleven acidic headwater streams (< 10 km2) in Sweden were analyzed to determine factors controlling concentrations of trace metals. In-stream chemical data as well climatic, flow, and deposition chemistry data were used to develop models predicting concentrations of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Data were initially analyzed using partial least squares to determine a set of variables that could predict metal concentrations across all sites. Organic matter (as absorbance) and iron related positively to Pb and Cr, while pH related negatively to Pb and Zn. Other variables such as conductivity, manganese, and temperature were important as well. Multiple linear regression was then used to determine minimally adequate prediction models which explained an average of 35% (Cr), 52% (Zn), and 72% (Pb) of metal variation across all sites. While models explained at least 50% of variation in the majority of sites for Pb (10) and Zn (8), only three sites met this criterion for Cr. Investigation of variation between site models for each metal revealed geographical (altitude), chemical (sulfate), and land-use (silvaculture) influences on predictive power of the models. Residual analysis revealed seasonal differences in the ability of the models to predict metal concentrations as well. Expected future changes in model variables were applied and results showed the potential for long-term increases (Pb) or decreases (Zn) for trace metal concentrations at these sites.
Greenland ice core evidence of the 79 AD Vesuvius eruption
Authors: Barbante C. , Kehrwald N. M. , Marianelli P. , Vinther B. M. , Steffensen J. P. , Cozzi G. , Hammer C. U. , Clausen H. B. , Siggaard-Andersen M.-L.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Volcanic tephra are indepenent age horizons and can synchronize strata of various paleoclimate records including ice and sediment cores. Before such paleoclimate records can be synchronized, it is essential to first confidently identify individual independent marker horizons. The Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core from Central Greenland is often used as a "golden spike" to synchronize Northern Hemisphere paleoclimte records. The Holocene section of the GRIP ice core is dated by multi-parameter annual layer counting, and contains peaks in acidity, SO42− and microparticle concentrations at a depth of 428.4 to 429.6 m, which have not previously been definitively ascribed to a volcanic eruption. Here, we identify tephra particles and determine that volcanic shards extracted from a depth of 429.2 m in the GRIP ice core are likely due to the 79 AD Vesuvius eruption. The chemical compositon of the tephra particles is consistent with the K-phonolitic composition of the Vesuvius juvinile ejecta and differs from the chemical composition of other major eruptions (≥VEI 4) between 50–100 AD.
Contributions to uncertainty in projections of future drought under climate change scenarios
Authors: Taylor I. H. , Burke E. , McColl L. , Falloon P. , Harris G. R. , McNeall D.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Drought is a cumulative event, often difficult to define and involving wide reaching consequences for agriculture, ecosystems, water availability, and society. Understanding how the occurrence of drought may change in the future and which sources of uncertainty are dominant can inform appropriate decisions to guide drought impacts assessments. Uncertainties in future projections of drought arise from several sources and our aim is to understand how these sources of uncertainty contribute to future projections of drought. We consider four sources of uncertainty; climate model uncertainty associated with future climate projections, future emissions of greenhouse gases (future scenario uncertainty), type of drought (drought index uncertainty) and drought event definition (threshold uncertainty). Three drought indices (the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI), Soil Moisture Anomaly (SMA) and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)) are calculated for the A1B and RCP2.6 future emissions scenarios using monthly model output from a 57 member perturbed parameter ensemble of climate simulations of the HadCM3C Earth system model, for the baseline period, 1961–1990, and the period 2070–2099 (representing the 2080s). We consider where there are significant increases or decreases in the proportion of time spent in drought in the 2080s compared to the baseline and compare the effects from the four sources of uncertainty. Our results suggest that, of the included uncertainty sources, choice of drought index is the most important factor influencing uncertainty in future projections of drought (60%–85% of total included uncertainty). There is a greater range of uncertainty between drought indices than that between the mitigation scenario RCP2.6 and the A1B emissions scenario (5%–6% in the 2050s to 17%–18% in the 2080s) and across the different model variants in the ensemble (9%–17%). Choice of drought threshold has the least influence on uncertainty in future drought projections (0.4%–7%). Despite the large range of uncertainty in drought projections for many regions, projections for some regions have a clear signal, with uncertainty associated with the magnitude of change rather than direction. For instance, a significant increase in time spent in drought is consistently projected for the Amazon, Central America and South Africa whilst projections for Northern India consistently show significant decreases in time spent in drought. We conclude that choice of which drought index (or drought indices) to use when undertaking drought impacts assessments is of considerable importance relative to choices relating to the other three included sources of uncertainty in this study. This information will help ensure that future drought impacts assessments are designed appropriately to account for uncertainty.
Microstructure observations during the spring 2011 STRATIPHYT-II cruise in the northeast Atlantic
Authors: Jurado E. , Dijkstra H. A. , van der Woerd H. J.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Small-scale temperature and conductivity variations have been measured in the upper 100 m of the northeast Atlantic during the STRATIPHYT-II cruise (Las Palmas–Reykjavik, 6 April–3 May 2011). The measurements were done at midday and comprised 2 to 15 vertical profiles at each station. The derived turbulent quantities show a transition between weakly-stratified (mixed layer depth, MLD, <100) and well-mixed waters (MLD > 100), which was centered at about 48° N. The temperature eddy diffusivities, KT, range from 10−5 to 100 m2 s−1 in the weakly-stratified stations, and range from 3 × 10−4 to 2 × 100 m2 s−1 in the well-mixed stations. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates, ε, range from 3 × 10−8 to 2 × 10−6 m2 s−3 south of the transition zone, and from 10−7 to 10−5 m2 s−3 north of the transition zone. The station-averaged KT values throughout the mixed layer increase exponentially with the wind speed. The station-averaged ε values throughout the mixed layer scale with the wind stress similarity variable with a scaling factor of about 1.8 in the wind-dominated stations (ε ≈ 1.8 u☆3/(−κz)). The values of KT and ε are on average 10 times higher compared to the values measured at the same stations in July 2009. The results presented here constitute a unique data set giving large spatial coverage of upper ocean spring turbulence quantities.
A regional climate model hindcast for Siberia – assessing the added value of snow water equivalent using ESA GlobSnow and reanalyses
Authors: Klehmet K. , Geyer B. , Rockel B.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. This study analyzes the added value of a regional climate model hindcast of CCLM compared to global reanalyses in providing a reconstruction of recent past snow water equivalent (SWE) for Siberia. Consistent regional climate data in time and space is necessary due to lack of station data in that region. We focus on SWE since it represents an important snow cover parameter in a region where snow has the potential to feed back to the climate of the whole Northern Hemisphere. The simulation was performed in a 50 km grid spacing for the period 1948 to 2010 using NCEP Reanalysis 1 as boundary forcing. Daily observational reference data for the period of 1987–2010 was obtained by the satellite derived SWE product of ESA DUE GlobSnow that enables a large scale assessment. The analyses includes comparisons of the distribution of snow cover extent, example time series of monthly SWE for January and April, regional characteristics of long-term monthly mean, standard deviation and temporal correlation averaged over subregions. SWE of CCLM is compared against the SWE information of NCEP-R1 itself and three more reanalyses (NCEP-R2, NCEP-CFSR, ERA-Interim). We demonstrate a significant added value of the CCLM hindcast during snow accumulation period shown for January for many subregions compared to SWE of NCEP-R1. NCEP-R1 mostly underestimates SWE during whole snow season. CCLM overestimates SWE compared to the satellite-derived product during April – a month representing the beginning of snow melt in southern regions. We illustrate that SWE of the regional hindcast is more consistent in time than ERA-Interim and NCEP-R2 and thus add realistic detail.
Interpretable support vector regression
Authors: Kenesei Tamás , Abonyi János
Published: November 2012

This paper deals with transforming Support vector regression (SVR) models into fuzzy systems (FIS). It is highlighted that trained support vector based models can be used for the construction of fuzzy rule-based regression models. However, the transformed support vector model does not automatically result in an interpretable fuzzy model. Training of a support vector model results a complex rule base, where the number of rules are approximately 40-60% of the number of the training data, therefore reduction of the support vector model initialized fuzzy model is an essential task. For this purpose, a three-step reduction algorithm is used based on the combination of previously published model reduction techniques, namely the reduced set method to decrease number of kernel functions, then after the reduced support vector model is transformed into fuzzy rule base similarity measure based merging and orthogonal least-squares methods are utilized. The proposed approach is applied for nonlinear system identification, the identification of a Hammerstein system is used to demonstrate accuracy of the technique with fulfilling the criteria of interpretability.
Prediction of weld quality using intelligent decision making tools
Authors: Dhas Edwin Raja , Kumanan Somasundaram , Jesuthanam C.P.
Published: November 2012

Decision-making process in manufacturing environment is increasingly difficult due to the rapid changes in design anddemand of quality products. To make decision making process online, effective and efficient artificial intelligent tools likeneural networks are being attempted. This paper proposes the development of neural network models for prediction ofweld quality in Submerged Arc Welding (SAW). Experiments are designed according to Taguchi’s principles andmathematical equations are developed using multiple regression model. Proposed neural network models are developedusing experimental data, supported with the data generated by regression model. The performances of the developedmodels are compared in terms of computational speed and prediction accuracy. It is found that Neural Network trainedwith Particle Swarm Optimization (NNPSO) performs better than Neural Network trained with Back Propagation (BPNN)algorithm, Radial Basis Functional Neural Network (RBFNN) and Neural Network trained with Genetic Algorithm(NNGA). The developed scheme for weld quality prediction is flexible, competent, and accurate than existing models andit scopes better online monitoring system. Finally the developed models are validated. The proposed and developedtechnique finds a good scope and a better future in the relevant field where human can avoid unwanted risks duringoperations with the deployment of robots.
A enhanced algorithm for floorplan design using evolutionary technique
Authors: Dhiraj Dhiraj , Verma Seema , Kumar Rajesh , Choudhary Himanshu
Published: November 2012

Floor planning is an important problem in very large scale integrated-circuit (VLSI) design automation domain as it evaluates the performance, size, yield and reliability of ICs. Due to rapid increase in number of components on a chip, floor planning has gained its importance further in determining the quality of the design achieved. In this paper we have devised an approach for placement of modules in a given area with bounding constraints in terms of minimum placement area imposed. We have used Modified Genetic Algorithm (MGA) technique for determining and obtaining an optimal placement using an iterative approach.
Optimal location and capacity of multi-distributed generation for loss reduction and voltage profile improvement using imperialist competitive algorithm
Authors: Rostamzadeh M. , Valipour K. , Shenava S. J. , Khalilpour M. , Razmjooy N.
Published: November 2012

This paper proposes an Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) for optimal multiple distributed generations (DGs) placement and sizing in a distribution system. The objective is to minimize the total real power losses and improve the voltage profile within real and reactive power generation and voltage limits. Three types of DG are considered and the ICA is used to find the better sizes and locations of DGs for maximum real power losses reduction and voltage improvement for given number of DG units in each type. Both integer and continuous variables are considered in ICA, integer variable for locations and continues variable for sizes. The total real power losses and voltage profile evaluation are based on a power flow method for radial distribution system with the representation of DGs. The proposed method has been demonstrated on 33 bus radial distribution system. The efficiency of the ICA in reducing the total power losses and improving voltage is validated by comparing the obtained results with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm.
A Bayesian Network approach to diagnosing the root cause of failure from Trouble Tickets
Authors: Molinero Velasco Fco. Javier
Published: November 2012

Telecommunications networks comprise elements of very different types that work together to provide services. Quite often, hardware failures are interrelated and it is hard for technicians specialized in specific hardware to find out these relationships. In this context, Bayesian Networks (BN) provide a good and flexible solution because they allow us to model the causal relationships between element failures and infer information from existing evidence. The goal is that network technicians can be informed of the real scope of failures and the probable existence of root problems, thus optimizing resources and reducing recovery time. Besides, with this approach a real element hierarchy can be built, allowing the discovery of hidden dependencies between elements. The outcome of this work has been the development of a rooting module attached to an incident management system (trouble ticketing system, TT).
Glenn Gould and ‘Opus 2’: An outline for a musical understanding of contrapuntal radio
with respect to The Idea of North
Authors: Cushing Anthony
Published: November 2012

The Idea of North is the first of Glenn Gould’s Solitude Trilogy
documentaries. Like the two works that follow it in the trilogy, North attracts a
significant amount of attention for its place in a nether region between Gould as a
performer and Gould the intellectual. The bulk of the literature on the work debates
categorizing it as documentary, radio drama/theatre, or music. Gould’s own descriptions of
it encompass all three and render the task of pigeonholing the work difficult. This article
will explore what makes The Idea of North musical. I contend that, even if
considered as documentary, drama, or music, the work is musically conceived and musical and,
as such, is a milestone for Gould in developing his compositional voice.
Quality‐relevant and process‐relevant fault monitoring with concurrent projection to latent structures
Authors: Qin S. Joe , Zheng Yingying
Published: November 2012

This paper proposes a new concurrent projection to latent structures is proposed in this paper for the monitoring of output‐relevant faults that affect the quality and input‐relevant process faults. The input and output data spaces are concurrently projected to five subspaces, a joint input‐output subspace that captures covariations between input and output, an output‐principal subspace, an output‐residual subspace, an input‐principal subspace, and an input‐residual subspace. Fault detection indices are developed based on these subspaces for various fault detection alarms. The proposed monitoring method offers complete monitoring of faults that happen in the predictable output subspace and the unpredictable output residual subspace, as well as faults that affect the input spaces only. Numerical simulation examples and the Tennessee Eastman challenge problem are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 496–504, 2013
Selective conversion of glucose into lactic acid and acetic acid with copper oxide under hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Wang Yuanqing , Jin Fangming , Sasaki Mitsuru , Wahyudiono  , Wang Fengwen , Jing Zhenzi , Goto Motonobu
Published: November 2012

Biomass as a source for chemicals production attracts growing attention due to the decreasing storage of fossil fuels and global warming caused by emission of CO2. In this study, conversion of glucose with copper oxide (CuO) was studied under alkaline hydrothermal conditions using a batch reactor and continuous flow reactor. CuO, as an oxidant, greatly improves the yields of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid from glucose and was reduced into Cu2O and Cu. Selective production of LA with the highest yield of 59% and acetic acid with the highest yield of 32% can be achieved by controlling reaction time, temperature, and addition of CuO. A possible mechanism of conversion of glucose with CuO was proposed. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2096–2104, 2013
Synthesis and characterization of clay/polyaniline nanofiber hybrids
Authors: Wang Baoxiang , Yin Yichao , Liu Chenjie , Yu Shoushan , Chen Kezheng
Published: November 2012

A modified interfacial polymerization was used to prepare polyaniline (PANI) nanohybrids. The influence of the synthetic route, amounts of bentonite, and the surfactant on the structure, morphology, and optical properties of the as‐synthesized nanocomposite were investigated. These materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and rheometer. The results show that PANI could be intercalated into the interlayer of the bentonite. The interlayer space increased from 1.25 to 1.486 nm. Then, the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide was used to modify the surface of bentonite, which was helpful in hybridizing with PANI for its hydrophobic properties. Both the intercalated and coating structure were found in the bentonite/PANI nanohybrid. The TEM and SEM images verified that the surface of the bentonite plate was coated by PANI nanofibers. In addition, for the study of the electroresponsive behavior, the composite was dispersed in silicone oil, and its electrorheological characteristics were examined via both an optical microscope and a rheometer equipped with a high‐voltage power source. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Influence of nanofillers on the sorption and diffusion characteristics of the solvent in vulcanized hydrogenated nitrile rubber nanocomposite
Authors: Choudhury Anusuya , Bhowmick Anil K. , Soddemann Matthias
Published: November 2012

The impact of nanofillers on the swelling characteristics of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR)–clay nanocomposites was thoroughly investigated. The nanocomposites exhibited a dramatic decrease in the solvent uptake compared to the unfilled HNBR even at very low filler loadings because of the molecular dispersion of the organically modified montmorillonite and sepiolite and strong interaction between the HNBR and clays. The dispersion of the clay layers was verified by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the clay content was found to influence the solvent uptake properties of the HNBR–clay nanocomposites. The diffusion and sorption behavior of chloroform in the HNBR–clay nanocomposites at different loadings was studied by a conventional weight gain method. The diffusion results were analyzed in terms of the simple Fickian model. Finally, Arrhenius and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated from these diffusion data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
1‐naphthylacetic‐acid‐functionalized polyacrylate‐coated urea with dual controlled‐release properties
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyun , Zhu Dacai , Tao Shuming , Chen Chao , Ren Xueqin , Hu Shuwen
Published: November 2012

Esters derived from 1‐naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and polyacrylate were synthesized and a dual controlled‐release formulation was developed by coating fertilizers with these esters. FT‐IR, 1H NMR, TGA, and DSC were used to characterize the synthesized polymers, and the mechanical properties were also tested. Urea granules were coated with NAA esters, and the release rates of urea from the coated granules in water were measured. NAA release from the esters was performed in different buffer solutions and in soil. The results showed that the coated fertilizers were able to release urea in a controlled pattern and that NAA could be slowly released from membranes of the esters in both buffer solutions and in soil through hydrolysis. The coated fertilizer's availability could last more than 28 days and that of NAA could last more than 12 months, which suggested that the prepared CRF possessed dual controlled‐release of urea and NAA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Microencapsulation of APP‐I and influence of microencapsulated APP‐I on microstructure and flame retardancy of PP/APP‐I/PER composites
Authors: Zhou Jian , Yang Lin , Wang Xinlong , Fu Quanjun , Sun Qiaolu , Zhang Zhiye
Published: November 2012

In this article, the microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate crystalline with form I (APP‐I) coated with melamine‐formaldehyde (MF) was prepared by in situ polymerization. Results of Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG) energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrate that APP‐I is successfully microencapsulated with MF. Compared with APP‐I, the microencapsulated APP‐I with MF (MFAPP‐I) is of much smaller spheroidal particle size and lower solubility in water. In this study, the polypropylene (PP)/APP‐I/penpaerythritol (PER) and PP/MFAPP‐I/PER composites are prepared, and flame retardancy, thermal stability, and microstructure of corresponding composites are carefully investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 testing, TG, EDS, and SEM. Experimental results show that PP/MFAPP‐I/PER composites have advantages over PP/APP‐I/PER composites in terms of flame retardant properties and water resistance. Results of TG, SEM, and EDS show that the microencapsulated APP‐I with MF resin is conducive to increase the amount of residual yield and improve thermal stability of PP/MFAPP‐I/PER composites and the compatibility and dispersion of MFAPP‐I. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation and characterization of thin film composite membranes modified with amine‐functionalized β‐cyclodextrins
Authors: Mbuli Bhekani S. , Dlamini Derrick S. , Nxumalo Edward N. , Krause Rui W. , Pillay Visvanathan L. , Oren Yoram , Linder Charles , Mamba Bhekie B.
Published: November 2012

This article describes the preparation and characterization of thin film composite (TFC) membranes for the treatment of water by desalination and removal of organic pollutants. The TFC membranes were prepared using trimesoyl chloride and m‐phenyldiamine. Amine‐functionalized β‐cyclodextrins (CDs) were added to modify membrane flux and rejection. Contact angle measurements demonstrate that the incorporation of the functionalized CDs increased the hydrophilicity of the membrane. All the modified membranes showed improved fluxes with a maximum of 20 L m−2 h−1 compared to 5.59 L m−2 h−1 for the unmodified membranes at a pressure of 100 psi. Further, improved fluxes and salt rejections were achieved (maximum NaCl and Na2SO4 salt rejections were 86% and 94.7%, respectively). Thus, the incorporation of functionalized CDs into TFC membranes improves both the hydrophilicity for minimizing fouling and the rejection of salts without loss of flux. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Modification of MWCNT and its effect on ABS/LCP blend system
Authors: Hatui Goutam , Nayak Ganesh Chandra , Das Chapal Kumar , Yadaw Samar B.
Published: November 2012

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) composites with unmodified and modified (COOH‐MWCNTs) CNTs were prepared using the melt blending method. The composites with 0, 1, and 1.5 phr MWCNTs (with and without modification) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and better dispersion was observed for the acid‐modified MWCNTs. In addition, a network structure was observed for the modified MWCNTs added system. The mechanical and electrical properties of the composite with different parts per hundred of nanotubes were increased, but the effect was pronounced with modified MWCNTs due to the better interaction of modified MWCNTs with the polymer matrices. The thermal stability of the composites was also strongly improved with MWCNTs loading. Blending of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP, Vectra A950) with ABS/MWCNTs resulted in further improvement in electrical and thermal properties. This improvement can be ascribed to the self‐reinforcing tendency of LCPs (due to their rigid rod‐like molecular structure), which act as a load‐bearing agent in the blend matrix. The possible interaction between –CN group of ABS and ester group of LCP with the – COOH group of modified MWCNTs enhanced the interfacial adhesion between ABS and LCP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Supercritical fluid CO2 processing and counter ion substitution of nafion® membranes
Authors: Guerrero‐Gutiérrez Edward M. A. , Suleiman David
Published: November 2012

Nafion®‐117 was exposed to supercritical fluid (SCF) CO2 and a cation solution using two different approaches: first was processed with SCF CO2, and then exchanged using six different cations: K+1, Ca+2, Ba+2, Cu+2, Fe+3, and Al+3. The second method performed the cation substitution first, followed by the SCF CO2 processing. The resulting composite membranes were characterized using several techniques: thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). These techniques were used to identify the changes in the chemical and thermal properties of the membranes, as well as to evaluate changes in the resulting morphologies and crystallinities. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability were measured to understand how the different approaches promoted or inhibited the transport of certain substances through the membrane. Significant differences in their thermal, physical and transport properties were observed when Nafion® was processed with SCF CO2 and exchanged with cations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
ABS modified with hydrogenated polystyrene‐grafted‐natural rubber
Authors: Pisuttisap Anawat , Hinchiranan Napida , Rempel Garry L. , Prasassarakich Pattarapan
Published: November 2012

Natural rubber (NR) latex was grafted by emulsion polymerization with styrene monomer, using cumene hydroperoxide/tetraethylene pentamene as redox initiator system. The polystyrene‐grafted NR (PS‐g‐NR) was hydrogenated by diimide reduction in the latex form using hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide with boric acid as a promoter. At the optimum condition for graft copolymerization, a grafting efficiency of 81.5% was obtained. In addition, the highest hydrogenation level of 47.2% was achieved using a hydrazine:hydrogen peroxide molar ratio of 1:1.1. Hydrogenation of the PS‐g‐NR (H(PS‐g‐NR)) increased the thermal stability. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the H(PS‐g‐NR) particles revealed a nonhydrogenated rubber core and hydrogenated outer rubber layer, in accordance with the layer model. The addition of H(PS‐g‐NR) at 10 wt % as modifier in an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) copolymer increased the tensile and impact strengths and the thermal resistance of the ABS blends, and to a greater extent than that provided by blending with NR or PS‐g‐NR. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Monodisperse pH‐sensitive protamine hollow microspheres as carriers for drug delivery
Authors: Wen Lili , Li Mingjun , Wu Yan
Published: November 2012

Novel pH‐sensitive protamine sulfate (PS) hollow microspheres with controllable structure were fabricated and can be used as carriers for drug delivery and medical diagnostics. The carboxyl group‐functionalized polystyrene microspheres prepared by soap‐free emulsion polymerization were used as the templates. The self‐assembled PS microspheres were prepared via electrostatic attraction between PS and carboxyl group‐functionalized polystyrene. The single‐layer PS was self‐assembled and subsequently crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA). Then, the PS hollow microspheres (PSHMs) were obtained after the templates were removed. It was found that the pH of the external environment played an important role on the particle size of the PSHMs. To estimate the feasibility as novel carriers, an antitumor model drug 5 fluorouracil (5 Fu) and gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) were incorporated into hollow microspheres. The antitumor activity of the 5Fu/Au NCs‐loaded PSHMs against cancer HepG2 was evaluated by measuring the body weight change and tumor volume of tumor bearing mice. The gold nanoclusters kept their fluorescent stability during the whole study. The 5 Fu/Au NCs‐loaded PSHMs showed comparable anticancer efficacy with the free drug. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Optimization of mechanical performance of compatibilized polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends via selective dispersion of halloysite nanotubes in the blend
Authors: Lin Tengfei , Zhu Lixin , Chen Tao , Guo Baochun
Published: November 2012

Many recycled plastics are the polypropylene (PP)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends with PET as the minor component. The modification of such kinds of PP/PET blends for higher performance is essential as PP and PET are not thermodynamically compatible. In this study, the elastomer, SEBS‐g‐MAH, and the inorganics, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are chosen as the modifiers for the modification of a model PP/PET blend (90/10). The mechanical performance of such blend is optimized by the selective dispersion of the nanotubular HNTs into the interfacial region of the blends via a two‐step process. Compared with the control one, the overall mechanical properties of the blend are substantially improved. The crystallization of PP in the blend is also facilitated by the selective dispersion of HNTs and the folding surface free energy is substantially increased. The substantially improved mechanical performance is interpreted according to the formation of the unique morphology. This study provides new insight in improving the performance of polymer blends via selectively dispersing the nanosized inorganics in the blend. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Pervaporation of n‐butanol aqueous solution through ZSM‐5‐PEBA composite membranes
Authors: Tan Huifen , Wu Yanhui , Li Tongming
Published: November 2012

Composite membranes were prepared by incorporating ZSM‐5 zeolite into poly(ether‐block‐amide) (PEBA) membranes. These composite membranes were characterized by TGA, XRD, and SEM. The results showed that the zeolite could distribute well in the polymer matrix. And when the zeolite content reached 10%, the agglomeration of zeolite in the membranes was found. The composite membranes were used to the pervaporative separation of n‐butanol aqueous solution. The effect of zeolite content on pervaporation performance was investigated. With the contribution of preferential adsorption and diffusion of n‐butanol in the polymer matrix and zeolite channel, the 5% ZSM‐5‐PEBA membrane showed enhanced selectivity and flux. The effects of liquid temperature and concentration on separation performance were also investigated. All the composite membranes demonstrated increasing separation factor and permeation flux with increasing temperature and concentration. Incorporation of ZSM‐5 could decrease the activation energy of n‐butanol flux of the composite membrane. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013