bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capgras’ Delusion: A Systematic Review of 255 Published Cases
Authors: Pandis Charalampos , Agrawal Niruj , Poole Norman
Published: July 2019

Background: Capgras’ delusion has captured psychiatrists’ imaginations, but the clinical features of the delusion have rarely been studied and presented systematically. Aims: The present study systematically reviews all case reports on Capgras’ delusion in the English language in order to better understand differences between organic and functional aetiologies. Methods: All medical and psychiatric databases were searched, as were the bibliographies of published case reports, narrative reviews, and book chapters. Results: A total of 258 cases were identified from 175 papers. Functional Capgras’ delusion was more associated with a wider variety of imposters; multiple imposters; other misidentification syndromes; auditory hallucinations; other delusions; and formal thought disorder. Organic cases were associated with age; inanimate objects; memory and visual-spatial impairments; right hemispheric dysfunction; and visual hallucinations. Executive dysfunction and aggression were associated with both types. Conclusions: Specific features of the ­Capgras’ delusional content and associated signs point to either organic or functional aetiology. The delusion is more amorphous than many theorists have supposed, which challenges their explanatory models.
Humor e religião
Authors: Guimarães Bruno Menezes Andrade
Published: July 2019

O humor é utilizado como ferramenta para contestar aspectos sagrados do cristianismo desde o período dos gregos mais antigos. O presente artigo examina de quais maneiras o canal de humor do YouTube Porta dos Fundos utiliza espaços de visibilidade on-line para se opor ao discurso religioso cristão monoteísta e, dessa forma, criar novos significados para esse dogma de sustentação cristã, católica ou evangélica. As análises estão centradas em torno do vídeo “Deus”, publicado na internet em junho de 2013. O vídeo revela o momento pós-morte de uma mulher católica cuja crença consistia na salvação da alma por intermédio do sistema religioso cristão e que, em vias de ser julgada, se depara com uma entidade sobrenatural não familiar. A metodologia utilizada consiste na análise de enquadramentos dos processos interativos. Como resultado, constatamos que o riso funciona como uma espécie de “trote” social que visa suscitar múltiplas interpretações acerca de problemas que não são passíveis de correções materiais, isto é, possui a tendência inerente de corrigir comportamentos tidos, de certo modo, como rígidos.
Agora somos imagens
Authors: Silva Wagner Souza e , Lopes Carolina Vilaverde Ruta
Published: July 2019

A permeabilidade social da fotografia vem sendo propulsionada pelas câmeras conectadas nas dinâmicas das redes, evidenciando um fenômeno contemporâneo baseado em uma intensa sinergia entre imagem, tecnologia e subjetividade. Para subsidiar o debate sobre esse cenário, este artigo pretende desenvolver uma triangulação teórica entre Vilém Flusser, Bruno Latour e Régis Debray, propondo estabelecer caminhos interpretativos para o atual universo de produção e circulação da fotografia que, se entendida como tecnoimagem, também representa um ponto de apoio para pensarmos o papel da tecnologia como mediadora de identidades e relações sociais.
Hipermediação e interatividade
Authors: Muanis Felipe De Castro
Published: July 2019

O gênero documental é anterior ao cinema. Pode-se dizer que surgiu no campo midiático em relatos jornalísticos e ilustrações editoriais. Com a fotografia e o cinema, o documentário ganhou consistência e uma sintaxe própria, com diversas metodologias e complexidades. Atualmente ele passa por uma transição no espaço da internet e do digital, com novas possibilidades tanto para o realizador como para o espectador. Nessa proposta, o consideramos não apenas um gênero cinematográfico, mas plurimidiático. Deste modo, ao recortar suas especificidades no audiovisual, pode-se pensar na transição e complementaridade de um primeiro espaço do documentário no cinema, para um segundo na televisão. Ambos dialogam com a especificidade de suas mídias, com o que trouxeram de novo, com correspondências de subgêneros e eventuais remixagens.
A crítica e o novo
Authors: Coração Cláudio Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

O modo de encarar a nostalgia e o antagonismo projetado pelos artistas envolvidos no tropicalismo parecem ser as premissas principais em torno do álbum Alucinação (1976), do cantor e compositor Belchior. A articulação temática e estética do disco imprime, além disso, uma espécie de reflexão crítica interna sobre os movimentos contraculturais na música popular brasileira dos anos 1970. Pretendemos, a partir disso, identificar aspectos de uma certa melancolia nessa produção, por meio dos aportes teóricos sobre a crítica cultural.
O papel estratégico da crítica na formação do pensamento cinematográfico
Authors: Xavier Ismail
Published: July 2019

Este artigo focaliza três momentos significativos da reflexão e do debate sobre o cinema no século XX, a fim de caracterizar formas de articulação entre o exercício da crítica em periódicos e a produção escrita ligada a núcleos de formação da cinefilia, como os cineclubes, e a centros de formação e pesquisa, como as cinematecas e, notadamente a partir dos anos 1960, as universidades.
Críticas do audiovisível
Authors: Rocha Rose De Melo
Published: July 2019

O tema da crise da crítica é abordado neste artigo como argumento central à consolidação de uma crítica da comunicação e, especificamente, de uma análise crítica de produções audiovisuais. Tendo como referente empírico as recentes obras de músicas e músicos ligados a performances de gênero no Brasil, propõe que uma crítica do audiovisível impõe ranhuras ao continuum midiático e à espiral comunicativa. Entende, ainda, que a expressão cantante de corpos subalternizados contribui para um contrato espectorial dissensual, passível, portanto, de gerar não apenas mimese, mas transformação ou mutação de estados (sensíveis, culturais, sociais).
Visada crítica de narrativas brasileiras contemporâneas sobre migrantes
Authors: Budag Fernanda Elouise , Limberto Andrea
Published: July 2019

Voltamos nosso olhar especificamente para narrativas audiovisuais envolvendo migrantes (refugiados ou imigrados/emigrados) realizadas entre março de 2017 e outubro de 2018 no Brasil sob o impacto da nova Lei de Migração (Lei nº 13.445), de 24 de maio de 2017. Nosso objetivo é identificar nelas marcas de autenticidade sobre esses atores sociais, suas territorialidades, identidades e origens, em reportagens em vídeo relacionadas ao caso de migração em solo brasileiro e divulgadas pelo site da Organização das Nações Unidas para o Brasil (no canal ONU Brasil no YouTube, mais exatamente na playlist Refugiados & Migrantes). Estudiosos como Teixeira e Cogo, Stam e Shohat, Schreiber e Hall apoiam uma visada crítica e uma noção sobre a propriedade do documental.
Comunicação, subjetividade e transporte nas cidades
Authors: Caiafa Janice
Published: July 2019

Neste trabalho propomos considerar num mesmo campo problemático organização midiática e ocupação urbana. Argumentamos que os diversos regimes de velocidade ou energéticas comunicacionais que se constroem – envolvendo arranjos tanto de fluxos semióticos, como na comunicação remota ou nas transmissões televisivas, quanto de fluxos materiais, como nos transportes – incidem sobre os espaços das cidades e contribuem para produzir formas de sociabilidade e de subjetivação. Examinando os fenômenos do advento do automóvel e da televisão em meados do século passado e da irrupção recente das mídias digitais, buscamos analisar estas questões a partir de casos concretos nos contextos americano e brasileiro.
Disputas ideológicas, cultura negra e jornalismo cultural
Authors: Oliveira Luciana Xavier de
Published: July 2019

O Movimento Black Rio se consolidou como uma importante cena musical nos anos 1970 nos subúrbios do Rio de Janeiro, mobilizando um grande mercado consumidor formado especialmente por uma juventude negra. Os bailes de soul foram alvo de críticas veiculadas em órgãos da imprensa ligados tanto ao governo militar quanto a setores da esquerda. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir como o jornalismo cultural e a crítica musical carioca da época encaravam o fenômeno, apresentando uma reflexão sobre disputas em torno da defesa da tradição e autenticidade em oposição a discursos de modernidade e cooptação nas dinâmicas da cultura popular. Nesse sentido, esse artigo apresenta ainda interpretações possíveis sobre processos alternativos de identificação racial, consumo cultural e estratégias político-culturais desenvolvidas em consonância com uma produção afro-diaspórica global.
Entre Lolita e Lana Del Rey
Authors: Coração Cláudio Rodrigues , Vieira William David
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo, trabalhamos a possibilidade de exploração mercadológica do corpo da cantora estadunidense Lana Del Rey por meio da retórica da sexualidade. Verificamos tal manifestação a partir da análise da sexualidade em Lana durante sua apresentação em São Paulo, no Festival Planeta Terra, em 2013, com vistas a perspectivas metodológicas de gesto, presença e o que denominamos como esvanecimento entre Del Rey e a personagem Lolita, de Vladimir Nabokov, aura convocada pela artista em seu show. Enxergamos a discursividade em torno da sexualidade como pragmática mercantil que organiza os afetos dos sujeitos que com esse corpo se relacionam. Objeto de consumo de uma lógica cultural do capitalismo tardio, esse corpo vendável não rompe, entretanto, com um caráter representativo, sendo indicativo de disputas na cultura pop.
Structural Transformation of India: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Adhikari Santosh
Published: July 2019

This article accounts for the structural transformation of the Indian economy over the recent decades. Empirical estimates imply a relatively higher elasticity of substitution in services than in manufacturing, while the growth rates of labour-augmenting productivity in both of these sectors are of similar magnitude, in contrary to what previous growth accounting exercises suggest. Simulation of a multi-sectoral growth model with these estimates succeeds in replicating the trends of sectoral value-added shares as well as the declining labour shares of value added in manufacturing and services sectors during the sample period. The model improves on previous studies in matching the trends of sectoral shares of employment. Thus, the services sector’s flexibility in factor substitution compared to that of manufacturing can explain, at least in part, the rapid growth of services in the recent period.

JEL Classification: O11, O41, O53
Two Cases of Uterine Fibroids Showing Peritheliomatous Changes; Long Immunity from Recurrence after Operation
Authors: Doran Alban H. G. , Lockyer Cuthbert
Published: July 2019

Cystic uterine fibroid of large size in a 5-para, aged 49—Infection of a loculus after tapping—Fibroma of ovary—Supravaginal hysterectomy: Removal of the fibromatous ovary—Opposite Fallopian tube and ovary not removed—Uterine tumour malignant (perithelioma) according to microscopic appearances—Convalescence protracted through infection, probably from the tapped loculus—Speedy recurrence expected, yet patient living and very corpulent four and a half years after operation.
Dyspepsia in Childhood
Authors: Taillens Jules
Published: July 2019

(1) A dyspeptic child rarely, and a baby never, complains of indigestion. It is only from the age of ten years that subjective symptoms sometimes exist. It follows, therefore, that dyspepsia in childhood is often hidden, and has to be searched for in order to be diagnosed.—(2) Dyspepsia in children often takes a misleading form, as it produces a general weakness and wasting, often slight fever, and even coughing. It is therefore frequently confused with tuberculosis.—(3) Dyspepsia in children is a functional complaint, and its cure is therefore almost invariably easy and often rapid.—(4) The different digestive actions depending upon one another, it is usually the first which causes dyspepsia in children. In other words, such dyspepsia originates in the stomach.—(5) In more than three-fourths of the cases this gastric trouble consists of a hyperchloracidity. (6) Treatment is as follows: An approved diet, chiefly consisting of milk and farinaceous foods, a two-hours' rest after meals, and the administration of alkalies. A quick progress towards a complete cure is observed, and, in particular, an increase in weight is very rapid. Statistics drawn up from 200 cases show this, and also that such hyperchloracidity can reach high figures even in very young children.
Dead Tracts in Dentine
Authors: Fish E. W.
Published: July 2019

When the dentinal tubules are opened or sufficiently irritated, their contents coagulate and die. Following this, the pulp lays down an impermeable barrier of lime salts (secondary dentine) to protect itself from contact with the dead tubules. Alternatively the pulp itself dies. The evidence that exposed dentine always dies is as follows: ( a) Such dentine is insensitive right through to the secondary dentine. ( b) The injured dentine is found experimentally to be shut off from the pulp in such a way that fluids cannot enter it. It thus lacks the necessary body fluids to support life. ( c) Under an injury the primary dentine is seen to stop abruptly at the original pulp margin, and to be sealed off with a homogeneous barrier of lime salts before the tubules of the secondary dentine start. The tubules of the secondary dentine take origin below this homogeneous layer in fine branches and obviously have no connexion with the injured primary tubules. ( d) The injured tubules although walled off from the pulp remain permeable from the mouth and have therefore not died by slow calcification.
Endocrine Tumours
Authors: Weber F. Parkes
Published: July 2019

The paper opens with a short historical survey of the evidence that the cells of tumours, including cancers, may manifest functional, secretory or other activity (œcology) of the same nature as that of the normal glandular or other cells from which they have arisen. This is followed by a short consideration of the classification and the acknowledged and doubtful endocrine or hormonic effects of primary tumours and tumour-like hyperplasias of the various endocrine glands of the body.
Yellow Fever, as Seen by the Medical Officers of the Royal Navy in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Dudley Sheldon F.
Published: July 2019

A critical review of old Naval Reports, showing how some difficulties in the epidemiology vanished when the mosquito means of transmission was discovered.

Data are abstracted to show that the fatality, while generally exaggerated by missed cases, was often as high as recorded—also that latent immunization accounts for some types of immunity, and that the disease was always more virulent in Africa—where it probably originated—rather than in the New World.
The Control of the Blood-Pressure
Authors: Burn J. H.
Published: July 2019

Present conceptions of the control of the general blood-pressure are based on the view that the sympathetic nerves are only constrictor in action and the circulating hormones, adrenaline and vasopressin, only pressor in effect. Surgical treatment of high blood-pressure and allied conditions has been directed accordingly to the removal of portions of the sympathetic system and to the removal of the suprarenal glands or tumours connected with them. Removal of portions of the sympathetic has been successful in relieving attacks of angina pectoris and removal of suprarenal tumours has relieved paroxysmal hypertension. Neither removal of portions of the sympathetic systems nor removal of the suprarenal glands has been successful in reducing continuous hypertension. It is suggested that our conceptions of the control of the blood-pressure need revision.

The normal variation in blood-pressure is not sufficiently realized. It may be as low as 85 mm. or as high as 190 mm. About one in every 40 men has a blood-pressure higher than 160 mm. It is suggested that the diagnosis of essential hypertension should never be made unless it is known that the blood-pressure has been rising. A single observation of a high pressure is not enough for the diagnosis.

Evidence is described that adrenaline and vasopressin may lower the blood-pressure as well as cause it to rise; similarly there is evidence that the sympathetic nerve supply to the skeletal muscles is dilator rather than constrictor in effect. Hence, all three mechanisms commonly thought of as pressor may also be depressor, and it seems more accurate to think of them as controlling the blood-pressure by raising or lowering it than simply as factors which raise it.
The Use of Gonadotropic Hormones in the Treatment of Undescended Testes: Preliminary Report
Authors: Spence A. W. , Scowen E. F.
Published: July 2019

Smith and Engle have shown that the injection of extracts of the anterior lobe of the pituitary into immature animals produces an increased growth of all the tissues of the testes, and, as a result of stimulation of the interstitial tissue, enlargement of the penis and accessory genital glands. Spermatogenesis is not produced in immature mammals by means of these extracts. Similar results are obtained with extracts of pregnancy urine, the gonadotropic principle (A.P.L. or anterior-pituitary-like hormone) of which is probably derived from the placenta. Engle has also shown that the injection of extracts of anterior lobe or of pregnancy urine causes descent of the testes in immature monkeys, in which animals they are situated in the inguinal canal.

Eleven patients with undescended testes, aged 4½ to 15 years, have been treated with the gonadotropic hormones extracted from pregnancy urine. The dose used in most cases was 500 rat units injected intramuscularly twice weekly. Five of the patients had bilaterally undescended testes: during treatment both testes descended into the scrotum in two cases, one descended in each of two cases, and in the remaining case the position of the testes is unchanged. The remaining six had unilaterally undescended testes; of these, three have descended into the scrotum. Thus, nine of sixteen undescended testes have entered the scrotum during treatment. The time taken to effect this change varied from two to eleven weeks. The testes which have not yet responded have received treatment for from three to nine weeks. The mechanism whereby the descent is brought about is unknown.

In view of the rather unsatisfactory surgical results, it is felt that in the treatment of undescended testes a trial should be made of this form of therapy before surgical measures are considered.
The Treatment of Addison's Disease by Whole Adrenal Gland
Authors: Hicks C. Stanton , Mitchell M. L.
Published: July 2019

By cooling fresh suprarenal gland tissue immediately on removal from the animal, and by defatting, and mincing the same at low temperatures, and drying at 37°C. with the least loss of time, a preparation is obtained which in daily doses of 3 grm. per os, is effective in restoring a large measure of health to sufferers from Addison's disease.

It is essential that a potent extract of suprarenal cortex be available for ( a) restoring the patient sufficiently to enable whole gland treatment to be instituted and ( b) to treat any return of abdominal symptoms or circulatory collapse induced by intercurrent illness or failure to retain the whole gland through vomiting.

It is desirable to increase the intake of sodium chloride to 10 to 15 grm. daily.

Neither saline alone, nor cortical extract alone produces the same effective result as whole suprarenal gland prepared as above administered per os.

Commercial preparations of whole suprarenal can be entirely without effect.

Subcutaneous injection of adrenalin in a phase of weakness may have disastrous results.

Trials, using the whole gland preparation on normal subjects, further establish the observations of Rowntree, that the gastric musculature is stimulated by injection of whole suprarenal gland. In certain cases, considerable elevation of blood-pressure may also result.
Some Orthopædic Procedures Employed in the Treatment of Arthritis
Authors: Bastow John
Published: July 2019

(1) A series of six cases of ankylosing spondylitis was shown to illustrate the benefit gained, even in very long-standing cases, by the following regime:

( a) Complete rest in a plaster shell.

( b) Gradual correction of kyphosis by adding thin layers of padding under the dorsolumbar junction, and subtracting similar layers of padding from under the head, to increase extension in the spine.

( c) Deep-breathing exercises practised constantly while the patient is lying in a plaster shell.

( d) Daily physiotherapy.

( e) The fitting of a Goldthwaite spinal brace to maintain the position of maximum correction that has been obtained.

The improvement was manifested in all cases by alleviation of symptoms, improvement in posture, and increased chest expansion.

(2) A series of six cases of arthritis of the knee was shown, including rheumatoid arthritis, infective arthritis and osteo-arthritis, illustrating treatment by rest plasters, followed by:

( a) Arthrotomy and lavage—where swelling and effusion persist, and

( b) Bone drilling—where bone changes are marked and there is constant pain at rest. Improvement was manifested by relief of symptoms, subsidence of signs of inflammation, and restoration of a considerable degree of movement.

(3) A case of arthritis of the tarsal and metatarsal joints, illustrating relief of symptoms afforded by the application of a plaster boot.
Soft Tissue Tumours: Their Natural History and Treatment
Authors: Cade Stanford
Published: July 2019

A series of 153 patients, the largest yet recorded from a single source, suffering from soft tissue sarcoma is discussed. References to the literature show the rarity of such tumours, the vagueness of the nomenclature and the disappointing results of treatment. Of the 153 patients only 7 have no histological confirmation of the diagnosis. In 146, sections and histological reports are available. 148 patients have been followed up either to death or to date.
Malignant Cachexia
Authors: Donovan Hugh
Published: July 2019

Well-known authorities such as Ewing and Willis have thrown doubt on the existence of a constitutional effect of malignant disease other than that due to hæmorrhage, infection, mechanical pressure, &c. On the other hand, Greenstein has taken the opposite view and maintains that a local malignant growth has a general constitutional effect.

The clinical picture of malignant cachexia is as clear cut as that, for example, of old age. Malignant cachexia is a recoverable state in certain circumstances when the primary growth is removed; clinical evidence warrants the conclusion that it is a genuine entity and that it is a generalized disease. The laboratory findings have not established that the degree of depression of any one system is the predominant cause of death. Clinically however, the most deadly effects seem to be those produced on the cardiac and alimentary musculature. Experimental evidence would seem to have shown that there is a specific effect, chiefly on one of the cellular enzymes, catalase, predominantly in the liver but also to a lesser extent in the kidney. There is also a marked effect on the blood-forming organs. Greenstein's view that there is depression of the metabolism of the iron porphyrins naturally attracts our attention. Whether this effect is the result of some substance added to the circulation or taken from the circulation is uncertain, but an additional effect seems most probable.

Tissue culture may enable us to confirm the existence of the metabolite responsible, and perhaps to identify it. The hitherto untreatable anmmia of malignant cachexia gives us another line of investigation.
The role of MRI-derived depth of invasion in staging oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: inter-reader and radiological–pathological agreement
Authors: Vidiri Antonello , Panfili Marco , Boellis Alessandro , Cristalli Giovanni , Gangemi Emma , Pellini Raul , Marzi Simona , Covello Renato
Published: July 2019

Background

The 8th edition of tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification incorporates depth of invasion evaluation in the staging of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, since it is a predictor of nodal metastasis and an independent prognostic factor. Although the histopathological definition of depth of invasion is clear, an accurate method for its radiological assessment has not yet been validated.

Purpose

To investigate the role of MRI-derived depth of invasion evaluation in staging oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and to assess the inter-reader agreement and the radiological–pathological correlation.

Material and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 43 patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma who underwent preoperative MRI. The MRI-derived depth of invasion was measured by two radiologists, each with a different degree of experience in head and neck imaging. The pathological depth of invasion was recorded from histopathological reports. The inter-reader and the radiological–histopathological correlations for the depth of invasion were evaluated with Bland–Altman plots, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and the paired samples test; agreements for T staging were assessed using the Kappa coefficient.

Results

Inter-reader reliability was excellent for the MRI-derived depth of invasion (ICC = 0.91), very good between MRI-derived depth of invasion and pathological depth of invasion (ICC = 0.89 for the experienced reader, 0.86 for the inexperienced reader). Both readers reached a good agreement regarding T staging (kappa value = 0.70). Furthermore, the agreement between radiological and pathological T staging was good (kappa value = 0.74 for the experienced reader, 0.60 for the inexperienced reader).

Conclusion

MRI-derived depth of invasion should be measured in the pretreatment assessment of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma as it has an excellent inter-reader reliability and nearly excellent radiological–pathological correlation.
“God’s Operating Manual”: Marriage Theologies in Ultra-Orthodox and Evangelical Marital Guidebooks
Authors: Novis-Deutsch Nurit
Published: July 2019

Evangelical Protestant and Jewish ultra-Orthodox communities are two high-tension religious groups that share an emphasis on traditional family values. Their leaders must communicate the virtues of religious marriage to “curious outsiders” while supporting “distressed insiders” whose marriages have become unstable. This article analyzes thirty marital guidebooks, fifteen ultra-Orthodox, and fifteen evangelical Protestant to probe their strategies. A key finding is the abundance of marriage theologies in the guidebooks, that is, schemas that endeavor to make sense of marriage and its vicissitudes by explicating God’s role and expectations for the couple. Five shared and four denomination-specific marriage theologies are identified and discussed.
An investigation of empathy in male and female fans of aggressive music
Authors: Slade Aimy , Olsen Kirk N. , Thompson William Forde
Published: July 2019

Concerns have been raised that persistent exposure to violent media can lead to negative outcomes such as reduced empathy for the plight of others. The present study investigated whether fans of aggressive heavy or death metal music show reduced empathic reactions to aggression, relative to fans of non-aggressive music. 108 participants who self-identified as fans of heavy or death metal, classical or jazz music ( n=36 per group) were presented with vignettes that described a primary character’s reaction (the ‘aggressor’) in response to a secondary character’s irritating action (the ‘instigator’). The aggressor’s reaction was either non-aggressive, mildly aggressive or strongly aggressive. After each vignette, participants provided ratings of state empathic concern (other-oriented empathy) and personal distress (self-oriented distress). They also completed measures of trait empathy, passion for music and its psychosocial functions. Fans of heavy or death metal exhibited lower trait empathic concern compared with classical and jazz fans. However, only male heavy or death metal fans exhibited lower state empathic concern than male classical and jazz fans. Finally, social bonding was a stronger motivation for heavy or death metal fans to listen to music than for classical fans. Results are discussed in light of research and public concern regarding the effects of long-term exposure to media violence.
What Are the Indications for Aspiration of a Possibly Infected Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?
Authors: Plöeger Milena M. , Aiyer Amiethab
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

Whenever a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of a total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is clinically possible or suspected, especially when elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP) levels exist, and in correspondence to the literature on PJI in total hip and knee arthroplasties, joint aspiration is indicated.

Level of Evidence:

Consensus.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
What Is the Best Method to Differentiate Acute Charcot Foot From Acute Infection?
Authors: Heidari Nima , Oh Irvin , Li Yueyang , Vris Alexandros , Kwok Iris , Charalambous Alexander , Rogero Ryan
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

Differentiation between acute Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) and acute infection/osteomyelitis is complex and requires multiple (>1) diagnostic criteria. These criteria include an emphasis on the presence of neuropathy, history, and physical examination. The absence of skin wounds and resolution of swelling/erythema with elevation makes the likelihood of infection very low. In unclear cases, laboratory testing, histologic examination and culturing of bone specimens, scintigraphy, and imaging, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be of benefit.

Level of Evidence:

Moderate.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
What Is the Optimal (Type, Dose and Route of Administration) Antibiotic Treatment for Patients With Infected Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?
Authors: Embil John M. , O’Neil Joseph T.
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

Though literature specific to total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is lacking, based on recommendations for the management of hip and knee arthroplasties, the choice of antibiotic should be made based on the identification and sensitivities of the infecting organism(s). Dosing, frequency, and route of administration of antibiotics may be determined in consultation with an infectious disease specialist and by taking into account the patient’s weight and comorbidities, such as renal impairment and the antibiogram.

Level of Evidence:

Consensus.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
What Determines the Type and Dose of Antibiotic That Is Needed to Be Added to the Cement Spacer in Patients With Infected Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?
Authors: Shakked Rachel , Da Rin de Lorenzo Ferdinando
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

We recommend tailoring the antibiotic in cement spacers to the infecting organism if it has been identified, as is typically done in total knee and hip arthroplasty. Otherwise, broad-spectrum antibiotics may be utilized. Medical comorbidities should always be considered, especially with regard to renal function and allergy profile. A thermostable antibiotic should be added to cement.

Level of Evidence:

Consensus.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus).
How Should Postoperative Cellulitis Be Treated in Patients With Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA) in Place?
Authors: Plöger Milena M. , Murawski Christopher D.
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

In the absence of evidence, we recommend that (1) patients with total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) in place who develop postoperative cellulitis be evaluated thoroughly to rule out periprosthetic joint infection of the ankle, and that (2) isolated cellulitis may be treated with antibiotics, elevation, and close monitoring. Aspiration can be considered in certain cases, with the potential risk of introducing deep space infection.

Level of Evidence:

Consensus.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 92%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 8% (Super Majority, Strong Consensus).
Postoperative Opioid Consumption in Opioid-Naïve Patients Undergoing Hallux Valgus Correction
Authors: Rogero Ryan , Fuchs Daniel , Nicholson Kristen , Shakked Rachel J. , Winters Brian S. , Pedowitz David I. , Raikin Steven M. , Daniel Joseph N.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Postoperative pain management following orthopedic surgeries can be challenging, and the opioid epidemic has made it essential to better individualize opioid prescriptions by patient and procedure. The purpose of this subgroup analysis of a prospective study was to investigate immediate postoperative opioid pill consumption and prolonged use in patients undergoing operative correction of hallux valgus (HV).

Methods:

Patients undergoing outpatient HV correction procedures with 5 fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeons over a 1-year period were included. Patients were excluded if they were being prescribed chronic opioid analgesics for an underlying condition prior to the date of initial injury or if they underwent concomitant nonforefoot procedures. At the patient’s first postoperative visit, opioid pills were counted, and these were standardized to the equivalent number of 5-mg oxycodone pills. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine if any of the procedure categories or patient factors were independently associated with postoperative opioid consumption. Prolonged use of opioids 90 to 180 days after the procedure was also examined using our state’s online Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP). One-hundred thirty-seven patients (86% female) were included. Thirty-six patients (26%) underwent primary chevron osteotomies, 78 (57%) underwent primary proximal osteotomies (Ludloff, scarf), 10 (7%) underwent soft tissue–only procedures with or without a first proximal phalanx osteotomy (modified McBride, Akin), and 13 (9%) underwent first metatarsophalangeal arthrodeses.

Results:

Overall, patients consumed a median of 27 pills. There was no significant difference in postoperative opioid intake between the 4 procedures, including when subdivided into those with and without lesser toe procedures. Higher preoperative visual analog scale pain levels ( P = .028) and younger patient age ( P = .042) were associated with higher opioid pill consumption. A total of 1.5% of patients demonstrated prolonged opioid use.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrated a lack of difference between HV procedures in terms of postoperative opioid consumption and an overall low rate of prolonged use in opioid-naïve patients.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study.
Intimate Partner Violence and the Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes of Women in Ghana
Authors: Tenkorang Eric Y.
Published: July 2019

Few studies have examined the relationships between intimate partner violence (IPV) and the sexual and reproductive health outcomes of women in sub-Saharan countries in general and Ghana specifically. This study began to fill the gap by investigating whether individual- and community-level IPV influenced unwanted pregnancy and pregnancy loss among women in Ghana. Nationally representative cross-sectional data were collected from 2,289 ever-married women, and multilevel modeling was used to estimate individual- and community-level effects. At the individual level, IPV was significantly associated with unwanted pregnancy and pregnancy loss. Women with experience of both physical and sexual violence were more likely to have reported an unwanted pregnancy and a pregnancy loss. However, only those experiencing sexual violence reported unwanted pregnancies. Similarly, community-level IPV was associated with sexual health outcomes. Respondents in communities with higher levels of sexual violence were significantly more likely to have had unwanted pregnancies. The findings corroborate calls for policy makers to consider IPV a reproductive health issue. They also emphasize the need to move beyond individual-level interventions to consider structural and community contexts when addressing the sexual and reproductive health outcomes of women in Ghana.
Electron-induced ionization of undeuterated and deuterated benzoic acid isopropyl esters and nicotinic acid isopropyl esters: Some implications for the mechanism of the McLafferty rearrangement
Authors: Opitz Joachim , Hashmi A Stephen K , Miehlich Burkhard , Wölfle Michael
Published: July 2019

Electron ionization mass spectra, ionization, and appearance energies and bond energies (as dissociation energies) are reported for benzoic acid-1-methyl-ethyl ester (BAIPE), benzoic acid-1-deutero-1-methyl-ethyl ester (BAIPED1), benzoic acid-2,2,2-trideutero-1-trideuteromethyl-ethyl ester (BAIPED6) as well as nicotinic acid-1-methyl-ethyl ester (NAIPE), nicotinic acid-1-deutero-1-methyl-ethyl ester (NAIPED1), and nicotinic acid-2,2,2-trideutero-1-trideuteromethyl-ethyl ester (NAIPED6). Ionization energies of 9.39 eV for BAIPE, 9.40 eV for BAIPED1, 9.26 eV for BAIPED6 as well as 9.70 eV for NAIPE, 9.79 eV for NAIPED1, and 9.65 eV for NAIPED6 were determined. A gas-phase formation enthalpy of [Formula: see text] = (−4.10 ± 0.1) eV for BAIPE is calculated as well as [Formula: see text] = (−3.35 ± 0.1) eV for NAIPE. Molecular ions show two main fragmentation pathways. The first is a classical McLafferty rearrangement, characterized by the transfer of one γ-hydrogen atom from the isopropyl ester chain leading to the ions of the corresponding acid and neutral propene. The second is the double hydrogen transfer from the ester chain leading to the formation of the protonated acid and a C3H5√ allyl radical. For BAIPE, both hydrogen atoms originate from the methyl groups of the aliphatic chain with a probability of ≥98%, whereas the C-1-hydrogen is transferred with a probability of ≤2%. For NAIPE, both hydrogen atoms originate from the methyl groups of the aliphatic chain with a probability of 90%. Experimental proton affinities of PA = (8.75 ± 0.2) eV for benzoic acid and PA = (8.43 ± 0.2) eV for nicotinic acid are derived. For the protonation of the carbonyl group, B3LYP DFT calculations yielded PA = 8.66 eV for benzoic acid and PA = 8.41 eV for nicotinic acid. The overall fragmentation mechanism is explained with the initial formation of a 1,5-distonic ion by transfer of the first hydrogen. For the transfer of the second hydrogen, an intermediate ion/neutral complex is formulated.
Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety and Smoking Cessation
Authors: Buckner Julia D. , Zvolensky Michael J. , Walukevich-Dienst Katherine , Lewis Elizabeth M. , Dean Kimberlye E. , Zielinski Mark H.
Published: July 2019

Smokers suffer from high rates of anxiety disorders, presumably because some individuals with anxiety disorders rely on smoking as a maladaptive attempt to manage anxiety. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious smoking cessation treatment, yet outcomes are worse for patients with elevated anxiety. The integration of CBT for smoking cessation with False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy (FSET) may be useful with anxious smoking cessation patients, as smoking to manage anxiety and associated negative affect can be targeted as a false safety behavior (i.e., behavior aimed at decreasing anxiety in the short-term but which may maintain or exacerbate it in the long-term). Here, we describe the integrated treatment, Treatment for Anxiety and Smoking Cessation (TASC), and the successful use of it with two smoking cessation patients—one with comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and one with clinically elevated social anxiety that did not meet diagnostic threshold for an anxiety disorder. Data support the feasibility of TASC as a viable approach to smoking cessation treatment for patients with comorbid anxiety disorder and with elevated anxiety that does not meet diagnostic threshold. Future controlled trials are now warranted to further evaluate the intervention.
Feasibility of Telehealth-Delivered Home Safety Evaluations for Caregivers of Clients With Dementia
Authors: Gately Megan E. , Trudeau Scott A. , Moo Lauren R.
Published: July 2019

Video telehealth can increase access to home-based care, thus allowing older adults to maintain functional independence and age-in-place. This is particularly salient for persons with dementia whose cognitive changes increase home safety risk. Little is known about the technological and safety challenges of in-home assessment via video. This feasibility study explored the process and resource requirements of a remotely delivered telehealth occupational therapy home safety evaluation from a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) site. A total of 10 caregivers of veterans with dementia received home safety evaluations using videoconferencing technology using a variety of portable computing devices. Most telehealth evaluations experienced technological difficulties, but formal technical support was only required twice. Videoconferencing is a feasible service delivery option for home safety evaluations; however, infrastructure must support technological needs and client or provider gaps in knowledge. Implications for non-VHA settings and other interventions using videoconferencing are discussed.
Effects of timing parameter changes on the gait of functional electrical stimulation users with drop foot
Authors: Marchant Simon , Michael Shona , Milner Laura , Tang Kit-Tzu
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Functional electrical stimulation uses clinician-set parameters to modify stimulation. This study aimed to investigate whether timing parameters in the ODFS Pace functional electrical stimulation device have an effect on the gait of the general population of functional electrical stimulation users who have a foot drop.

Methods

Twelve functional electrical stimulation users with foot drop resulting from upper motor neurone disorders were recruited from the functional electrical stimulation Service in Leeds, UK. A crossover trial design was used, comparing adjusted values of rising ramp, delay and extension. Instrumented gait analysis was carried out to measure ankle dorsiflexion during the swing phase of gait, foot clearance from the ground, and speed of ankle plantarflexion at initial contact. The effect of timing parameters on gait kinematics was studied.

Results

No statistically significant effects on the measured parts of gait were found for any of the timing parameters. Trends were identified in average mid-swing ground clearance and dorsiflexion associated with the delay and rising ramp timing parameters.

Conclusions

Further work in this area should use larger numbers of participants. Based on these results, the effects of ramping and delay would be of particular interest for further study.
Policing Diverse People: How Occupational Attitudes and Background Characteristics Shape Police Recruits’ Perceptions
Authors: Miles-Johnson Toby
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to ascertain how occupational attitudes and background characteristics shape police recruit perceptions of policing people from diverse communities categorized by variations in racial, ethnic, religious, sexual, and gender identities. Applying an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model, data categorized into two groups (occupational attitudes and background characteristics) were collected from police recruits ( N = 946). Results suggest police recruits are significantly influenced by superior officers, the level of pride they have in their job, and their awareness of temperament and are cognizant of rule breaking when policing diverse community members, and ethnic minority self-identified recruits are significantly more likely to be aware of negative influences on proper conduct (such as lack of pride in their work, negativity of senior officers toward policing diverse people, and likelihood of rule breaking) when policing members of diverse groups than other recruits. The lessons learnt from this Australian research offer new insight into how police recruit perceptions of policing members of diverse groups are shaped.
Retention of prosthetic articulating spacer after infected hip arthroplasty as a semipermanent implant: A case report
Authors: Luk Michelle Hilda , Ng Fu Yuen , Fu Henry , Chan Ping Keung , Yan Chun Hoi , Chiu Kwong Yuen
Published: July 2019

Prosthesis with antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement was designed as a temporary articulating cement spacer in a two-stage procedure before definitive reimplantation for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections. It is designed to remain in situ for about 6–12 weeks, until evidence of infection is controlled before reimplantation of a definitive total hip replacement. This study presents a case of a patient with prosthetic articulating spacer retention for 6 years, previously performed for an infected unipolar hemiarthroplasty for which he refused second-stage reimplantation. He remains relatively asymptomatic with no evidence of infection, implant loosening, or fracture. The patient is able to walk with a frame with minimal hip pain.
Mitochondrial–Endoplasmic Reticulum Interplay: A Lifelong On–Off Relationship?
Authors: Madreiter-Sokolowski Corina T. , Malli Roland M. , Graier Wolfgang F.
Published: July 2019

This article comments recent publications that highlight an intriguing importance of specific settings in the interaction between the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum to ensure cell-specific functions like the responsiveness to elevated glucose in pancreatic β-cells. Hence, alterations of the mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum communications under various pathological conditions like aging or cancer often come with enhanced Ca2+ transfer that, in turn, yields stimulation of basal mitochondrial activity to meet the increasing adenosine triphosphate demand of the very cell. Such observations identify mitochondria-associated membranes as potential target for new therapeutic strategies against aging or cancer.
Increasing the Rural Special Education Teacher Pipeline Through Asynchronous Online Instruction: A Program Description of the Colorado Christian University Alternative Certification Program
Authors: Lohmann Marla J. , White Bushrod , Johnson Kathy A.
Published: July 2019

There is a documented shortage of special education teachers nationwide, and many rural school districts report hiring uncertified or temporary teachers to fill the open positions. To meet the needs of rural schools in our state, Colorado Christian University developed an asynchronous online alternative special education teacher certification program. Colorado Christian University’s program includes 12 months of online coursework, as well as remote video supervision. This article provides a brief description of the program and preliminary data supporting its effectiveness in meeting the needs of rural Colorado schools.
Alternative Teacher Preparation Programs: Examination Through a Marketing Lens
Authors: Chamberlin-Kim Janet , Tarnay Jennifer , Wells Jenny C.
Published: July 2019

This investigation used the 7 P’s Service Marketing Mix (i.e., product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, and processes) to review development and recruitment strategies of special education alternative teacher preparation programs. Articles published between 1997 and 2018 were reviewed to identify alternative teacher preparation programs developed to tackle the chronic teacher shortage in special education across the United States. A total of 17 articles met the inclusion criteria, 10 of which specifically targeted rural areas. Results indicated people (94%), place (94%), and product (88%) were most consistently addressed in program design. However, price (59%) and promotion (41%) were addressed least. Overall, 1,419 teacher candidates were recruited into the 17 special education alternative teacher preparation programs, with 460 recruited from rural areas.