bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of No‐Load Normal Vibration in Single‐Sided Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motors With Different End Structures
Authors: Wang Haoran , Huang Lei , Liu Xiaomei
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the no‐load normal vibrations of single‐sided permanent magnet synchronous linear motors (S‐PMSLMs) with different end structures, addressing a significant gap in the current literature. By employing the Maxwell stress tensor method, analyzes the harmonic orders and frequencies of the no‐load normal force density are analyzed. Comparative research between the comb‐type auxiliary tooth (CTAT) and conventional auxiliary tooth (C‐AT) structures indicates that while the CTAT marginally increases the amplitude of the no‐load normal force density, it significantly reduces harmonic amplitudes and vibration levels. The theoretical and simulation analyses are validated through no‐load vibration experiments, providing valuable insights for the design optimization of S‐PMSLMs, particularly beneficial for high‐speed transportation systems that require high precision and reliability.
Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analysis reveal a distinct population of APOE− cells yielding pathological lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Xiao Guohui , Xie Rongli , Gu Jianhua , Huang Yishu , Ding Min , Shen Dongjie , Yan Jiqi , Yuan Jianming , Yang Qiong , He Wen , Xiao Siyu , Chen Haizhen , Xu Dan , Wu Jian , Fei Jian
Published: January 2025

Background

Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine tumors worldwide, especially among women and the metastatic mechanism of papillary thyroid carcinoma remains poorly understood.

Methods

Thyroid cancer tissue samples were obtained for single‐cell RNA‐sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, aiming to intratumoral and antimetastatic heterogeneity of advanced PTC. The functions of APOE in PTC cell proliferation and invasion were confirmed through in vivo and in vitro assays. Pseudotime analysis and CellChat were performed to explore the the molecular mechanisms of the APOE in PTC progression.

Results

We identified a subpopulation of tumor cells with lower expression levels of APOE, associated with advanced stages of PTC and cervical metastasis. APOE overexpression significantly reduced tumor cell proliferation and invasion, both in vitro and in vivo, by activating the ABCA1‐LXR axis. APOE− tumor cells may promote tumor growth by interacting with dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells via CD99‐ rather than CD6‐regulated signaling. We established a machine learning‐based scRNA‐seq data, 13‐gene signature predictive of lymph node metastasis.

Conclusions

We identified a distinct APOE− tumor cell population associated with cervical metastasis and poor prognosis. Our results and models have potential clinical, prognostic, and therapeutic implications for advanced PTC.

Key points

A subpopulation of tumor cells with lower expression levels of APOE was strongly associated with more advanced stages and metastasis of PTC.

APOE‐negative (APOE−) cellsoverall exhibited weaker interactions with immune cells.

A machine‐learning bioinformatics model based on scRNA‐seq data of in‐situ thyroid cancer tissue was established to predict lymph node metastasis.
Early Postpartum Metabolic Heterogeneity Among Women Who Progressed to Type 2 Diabetes After Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort
Authors: Khan Saifur R. , Van Julie A. D. , Xiangyu Zhang , Alexeeff Stacey E. , Razani Babak , Wheeler Michael B. , Gunderson Erica P.
Published: January 2025

Aims

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses a significant risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and exhibits heterogeneity. However, understanding the link between different types of post‐GDM individuals without diabetes and their progression to T2D is crucial to advance personalised medicine approaches.

Materials and Methods

We employed a discovery‐based unsupervised machine learning clustering method to generate clustering models for analysing metabolomics, clinical, and biochemical datasets. For this analysis, we selected 225 women who later developed T2D during the 12‐year follow‐up period from the cohort of 1010 women who returned to a non‐diabetic state at 6–9 weeks (study baseline) after a GDM pregnancy based on 2‐h 75 g research OGTTs. The optimal model was selected by assessing Bayesian Information Criterion values, class separation performance, and the potential for clinically distinguishable clusters, accounting for participant prenatal and early postpartum characteristics.

Results

The selected model comprises three clusters: pancreatic beta cell dysfunction (cluster‐β: median HOMA‐B 161.3 and median HOMA‐IR 3.8), insulin‐resistance (cluster‐IR: median HOMA‐B 630.5 and median HOMA‐IR 16.8), and a mixed cluster (cluster‐mixed: median HOMA‐B 307.2 and median HOMA‐IR 8.6). These clusters are distinguishable based on postpartum blood test parameters such as glucose tolerance, HOMA indices, and fasting lipid profiles including triglycerides, leptin, HDL‐c, and adiponectin, as well as participant age and BMI. Metabolomic analysis identified unique molecular signatures for each cluster. However, the time to T2D onset was not statistically significant among the three clusters (p = 0.22).

Conclusion

This study enhances our understanding of the heterogeneity of early postpartum metabolic profiles that characterise the future onset of T2D diabetes in a diverse cohort of women with GDM, revealing insights into distinct mechanisms and personalised intervention strategies for the prevention of T2D.
Rethinking Conservation and Restoration Strategies of Endangered and Key Medicinal Clavicarpa Plants in Yunnan‐Kweichow Plateau's Karst Areas Under Climate Change
Authors: Luo Chao , He Baiyang , Wu Yulu , Xue Yuteng , Deng Huang , Li Shanman , Dong Xianghong , Lu Litang
Published: January 2025

The Clavicarpa species, valued for their pharmaceutical, ornamental, and economic importance, exhibit notable rarity and endemism in the Karst areas of the Yunnan‐Kweichow Plateau in China. These species face significant threats from habitat loss and fragmentation, leading to a decline in biodiversity. To mitigate these threats, the Maxent algorithm was employed to analyze current and future distribution patterns, with a particular focus on the influence of climate variables in predicting potential distribution shifts and assessing extinction risks under the optimistic SSP1‐2.6 and the pessimistic SSP5‐8.5 socioeconomic scenarios. The EC‐Earth3‐Veg, MRI‐ESM2‐0, and MPI‐ESM1‐2‐HR models were utilized for conservation status assessment and project future distributions for four time periods: the present, 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s. The minimum temperature during the coldest month (Bio 6) was identified as the most critical environmental factor, influencing both habitat contraction and expansion. Our modeling indicates that regions such as South, Central, and East China, particularly areas east of the Aihui‐Tengchong line and south of the Yangtze River, exhibit the highest suitability for Clavicarpa species within the geographical coordinates of 18° N–45° N and 97° E–120° E. Conversely, climate change projections suggest a habitat expansion for Impatiens claviger, Impatiens tubulosa, Impatiens pritzelii, and Impatiens apalophylla, while Impatiens guizhouensis and Impatiens wilsonii face increased extinction risks. Specifically, I. claviger, I. tubulosa, and I. apalophylla are expected to shift northward, necessitating potential relocation to southern regions, while I. guizhouensis and I. wilsonii are projected to experience habitat losses of over 23.94% and 9.13%, respectively. Our research provides a robust scientific foundation for the conservation and sustainable utilization of these important pharmaceutical species and offers a framework for effective biodiversity management. We recommend using protected areas as a basis for the future conservation, breeding, cultivation, and utilization of Clavicarpa species.
Repeated Successful Nest Sharing and Cooperation Between Western Kingbirds (Tyrannus verticalis) and a Female Western Kingbird × Scissor‐Tailed Flycatcher (T. forficatus) Hybrid
Authors: Worm Alexander J. , Donahue Emily R. , Boves Than J. , Sweet Andrew D.
Published: January 2025

Nest sharing by birds, or the phenomenon where multiple individuals of different species contribute genetically and parentally to offspring in a single nest, is a rare form of cooperative breeding that has only occasionally been reported in socially monogamous birds. Here we describe, both behaviorally and genetically, the unique case of two female birds, a western kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis) and a western kingbird × scissor‐tailed flycatcher (T. forficatus) hybrid, simultaneously occupying (and likely co‐incubating eggs in) a single nest. Both females provisioned nestlings, and they did this in two consecutive years (producing four fledglings each year). Genomic data from the females revealed that they were unrelated, and parentage analyses revealed that both females contributed genetically to at least one of the offspring, and at least two fathers were involved. These observations represent the first reported case of nest sharing involving a hybrid individual and the first case within the family Tyrannidae.
Novel Bat‐Monitoring Dataset Reveals Targeted Foraging With Agricultural and Pest Control Implications
Authors: Lee Brian , Sambado Samantha , Farrant D. Nākoa , Boser Anna , Ring Kacie , Hyon David , Larsen Ashley E. , MacDonald Andrew J.
Published: January 2025

Quantifying ecosystem services provided by mobile species like insectivorous bats remains a challenge, particularly in understanding where and how these services vary over space and time. Bats are known to offer valuable ecosystem services, such as mitigating insect pest damage to crops, reducing pesticide use, and reducing nuisance pest populations. However, determining where bats forage is difficult to monitor. In this study, we use a weather‐radar‐based bat‐monitoring algorithm to estimate bat foraging distributions during the peak season of 2019 in California's Northern Central Valley. This region is characterized by valuable agricultural crops and significant populations of both crop and nuisance pests, including midges, moths, mosquitos, and flies. Our results show that bat activity is high but unevenly distributed, with rice fields experiencing significantly elevated activity compared to other land cover types. Specifically, bat activity over rice fields is 1.5 times higher than over any other land cover class and nearly double that of any other agricultural land cover. While irrigated rice fields may provide abundant prey, wetland and water areas showed less than half the bat activity per hectare compared to rice fields. Controlling for land cover type, we found bat activity significantly associated with higher flying insect abundance, indicating that bats forage in areas where crop and nuisance pests are likely to be found. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of radar‐based bat monitoring in identifying where and when bats provide ecosystem services.
Demographic rates and diversity vary with tree stature and ontogenetic stage in an African tropical rainforest
Authors: Libalah Moses B. , Russo Sabrina E. , Chuyong George B. , Thomas Duncan , Kenfack David
Published: January 2025

The vertical gradient of light in closed‐canopy forests selects for trees with different adult statures, but our understanding of how stature affects forest diversity and demography is unclear. In a species‐rich rainforest in Cameroon, we quantified the contributions of four growth forms of increasing adult stature (treelet, understory, canopy, emergent species) to forest structure and diversity, and investigated variation in life history trade‐offs across growth forms. Treelets had the highest stem density, contributed the most to forest diversity, and diverged from larger statured species in terms of demographic trade‐offs. Growth rates were slower for smaller statured than for larger statured species, and at the adult stage, treelets had significantly lower mortality than other growth forms. We observed significant interspecific trade‐off relationships between staure and demographic rates that often differed between growth forms. Recruitment rate strongly declined with adult stature for all growth forms, but recruitment per reproductive adult declined only for emergents. While we observed a significant growth‐mortality trade‐off across all species, the trade‐off was similar across growth forms. Smaller statured species in our study are not light‐demanding but rather treelet and understory species that live entirely in the shaded understory. Differences in how historical biogeography has shaped species pools may ultimately cause variation in how adult stature contributes to tropical forest diversity.
A Colorado Front Range grassland exhibits decreasing dominance of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) over time
Authors: Prevéy Janet S. , Seastedt Timothy R.
Published: January 2025

Causes, consequences, and potentials for recovery from invasions by the invasive annual grass, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), in western North America have been extensively documented. The vast majority of these studies have come from regions where yearly precipitation is dominated by “winter‐wet” patterns, but this species has also demonstrated its ability to invade plant communities in “spring/summer‐wet” areas as well. In grasslands of the Front Range of Colorado, a region experiencing a “spring/summer‐wet” precipitation pattern, cheatgrass can exploit early‐season soil moisture, but moderate rainfall continues into the growing season beyond the time of cheatgrass senescence. In this study, we measured how cheatgrass dominance changed over a 13‐year interval in a disturbed meadow along the Front Range of Colorado with a “spring/summer‐wet” precipitation pattern. Cheatgrass cover declined in absolute abundance by about 50% while total vegetation cover increased over this time period. The site was neither grazed nor burned during this interval. A “spring/summer‐wet” precipitation pattern with high interannual variation in amounts occurred during the study, but no relationships between the seasonality or amounts of precipitation and the directional decline in cheatgrass abundance were observed. Rainout shelter manipulations showed that the seasonality of precipitation influenced cheatgrass abundance, with winter drought treatments reducing cheatgrass cover relative to plots that experienced summer drought treatments. The cheatgrass decline corresponded with a lesser decline in native grass cover and no change in native forb cover, while the abundance of non‐native perennial grasses and forb species increased over the study interval. Although cheatgrass can invade communities across broad climatic gradients following disturbance, results from this study show that the persistence of cheatgrass within invaded areas may depend on the seasonality of precipitation and plant communities that vary across these gradients.
The ADESTE trial: A phase 2 study of enibarcimab, a monoclonal antibody targeting adrenomedullin, in acute heart failure
Authors: Hartopo Anggoro Budi , Achyar Arinal Chairul , Bagaswoto Hendry Purnasidha , Saputra Firandi , Mumpuni Hasanah , Kusumastuti Dyah Adhi , Triyono Teguh , Sukorini Usi , Puspitasari Metalia , Setianto Budi Yuli , Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Anshory Muhammad , Waranugraha Yoga , Kamila Putri Annisa , Iskandar Agustin , Susianti Hani , Bergman Andreas , Knothe Claudia , Antonini Paola , Di Somma Salvatore
Published: January 2025

Aims

This study aimed to conduct a phase 2 proof‐of‐concept and safety study to evaluate the effect of ENIBARCIMAB (EN), a non‐neutralizing humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the N‐terminus of adrenomedullin (ADM), administered immediately after stabilization with standard of care (SoC) treatment, in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF).

Methods and results

This prospective, open‐label, controlled, interventional, multicenter, dose‐escalation study was conducted at two cardiology sites in Indonesia. Patients were divided into two interventional groups sequentially receiving 0.5 mg/kg (SoC + EN 0.5 mg/kg, n = 10; first cohort) and 2 mg/kg (SoC + EN 2 mg/kg, n = 10; second cohort) of EN via 1‐h intravenous (IV) infusion within 48 h after admission for AHF. The control group (n = 10) was treated with SoC therapy for AHF therapy. All patients were monitored continuously within 24 h post‐infusion and subsequent daily until discharge. Treatment‐related serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded during hospitalization and up to 90 days after discharge. Both EN dosages were well‐tolerated, and no significant safety issues were identified during hospitalization and up to 90 days of follow up. SAEs occurred in 10% of patients in each EN group but were deemed not related to treatment. No significant differences in the occurrence of SAEs were found between the groups. Five deaths occurred: three (30%) in the control group as compared with two deaths (20%) in the SoC + EN 2 mg/kg group. EN led to a significant increase in plasma bio‐ADM levels within 24 h post‐infusion, with the SoC + 2 mg/kg group showing the highest increase. Within 1 h from IV EN infusion, SoC + EN 2 mg/kg compared with 0.5 mg/kg, resulted in a significant percentage reduction in systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure. However, it did not result in severe hypotension and the need for drug discontinuation.

Conclusions

In this pilot safety study of patients hospitalized for AHF, IV infusion of EN 0.5 and 2 mg/kg increased circulating plasma bio‐ADM levels and was well‐tolerated without treatment‐related SAEs occurring during hospitalization and up to 90 days after discharge.
Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair in severe mitral regurgitation following acute myocardial infarction – aetiology‐based analysis
Authors: Haberman Dan , Estévez‐Loureiro Rodrigo , Czarnecki Andrew , Melillo Francesco , Adamo Marianna , Villablanca Pedro , Sudarsky Doron , Praz Fabien , Perl Leor , Freixa Xavier , Scotti Andrea , Fefer Paul , Spargias Konstantinos , Fam Neil , Manevich Lisa , Masiero Giulia , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Pascual Isaac , Crimi Gabriele , Ninios Vlasis , Beeri Ronen , Benito‐Gonzalez Tomas , Arzamendi Dabit , Fernández‐Peregrina Estefanıa , Giannini Francesco , Mangieri Antonio , Poles Lion , George Jacob , Echarte Morales Julio Cesar , Caneiro‐Queija Berenice , Denti Paolo , Schiavi Davide , Latib Azeem , Chrissoheris Michael , Danenberg Haim , Tarantini Giuseppe , Dvir Danny , Maisano Francesco , Taramasso Maurizio , Shuvy Mony
Published: January 2025

Aims

To evaluate the association between transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) and outcomes in patients with significant mitral regurgitation (MR) following acute myocardial infarction (MI), focusing on the aetiology of acute post‐MI MR in high‐risk surgical patients.

Methods and results

The International Registry of MitraClip in Acute Mitral Regurgitation following Acute Myocardial Infarction (IREMMI) includes 187 patients with severe MR post‐MI managed with TEER. Of these, 176 were included in the analysis, 23 (13%) patients had acute papillary muscle rupture (PMR) and 153 (87%) acute secondary MR. The mean age was 70 ± 10 years and 41% were female. PMR patients had fewer cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension (52% vs. 73%, p = 0.04), diabetes (26% vs. 48%, p < 0.01) but a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (45±  15% vs.35±  10%, p < 0.01) compared secondary MR patients. PMR patients were more likely to present in cardiogenic shock (91% vs. 51%, p = 0.001), require mechanical circulatory support (74% vs. 34%, p = 0.01), and had a higher EuroSCORE II (23±  13% vs. 13±  11%, p = 0.011). The median time from MI to TEER was shorter in PMR (6 days) versus secondary MR (20 days) (p < 0.01). Procedural success was similar (87% vs. 92%, p = 0.49) with comparable MR grade reduction. However, PMR patients had significantly higher in‐hospital mortality rates (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–8.12, p = 0.02), 30‐day mortality rates (unadjusted OR 3.99, 95% CI 1.42–11.26, p = 0.01) and a higher rate of conversion to surgical mitral valve replacement (22% vs. 3%, p < 0.01) (unadjusted OR 8.17, 95% CI 2.15–30.96, p < 0.001). Aetiology of MR, cardiogenic shock, and procedure timing significantly impacted in‐hospital mortality. After adjusting for EuroSCORE II and cardiogenic shock, MR aetiology remained the strongest predictor (adjusted OR 6.71; 95% CI 2.06–21.86, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair may be considered a salvage or bridge procedure in decompensated post‐MI MR patients of both aetiologies; however, patients with PMR have a higher risk of mortality and conversion to surgery.
Deciphering Long‐Term Economic Growth: An Exploration With Leading Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Mar Oo Zin , Lin Ching‐Yang , Kakinaka Makoto
Published: January 2025

Existing studies mainly focus on short‐term economic forecasts, but research on long‐term projections, particularly for periods spanning 6–10 years, remains insufficient, despite its importance. This gap may arise from the limitations of traditional linear methods in prediction tasks and pattern recognition, whereas machine learning techniques may help overcome these challenges. To address this, we employ five widely used machine learning models—artificial neural networks (ANN), random forest regression (RF), gradient boosting regression (GBR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and support vector regression (SVR)—using cross‐country data from 109 countries between 1961 and 2019. To ensure robustness, we employ two distinct sampling methods for model validation. Our findings reveal that the ANN model outperforms others, particularly in long‐term predictions (6–10 years), with an average out‐of‐sample prediction ‐squared of 0.89. Furthermore, analyses using permutation feature importance (PFI) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) methods indicate that while current growth rates are critical for short‐term forecasts (1–3 years), two primary variables representing a country's foundational characteristics—real GDP per capita and “country‐feature,” akin to a country dummy variable—are crucial for long‐term predictions (4–10 years). This outcome demonstrates the ANN model's capacity to capture each country's unique characteristics and, through its highly non‐linear nature, successfully execute complex, long‐range forecasts. These results unveil the remarkable potential of machine learning in the realm of long‐term economic forecasting.
Omega‐3 Fatty Acids, Lecithin, Sterols, Vitamins and Lipid Oxidation of Olein and Super Olein Fractions of Fish Oil Produced by Winterization
Authors: Khaliq Aiza , Hafeez‐ur‐Rehman Muhammad , Abbas Farzana , Nadeem Muhammad , Rahim Muhammad Abdul , Al‐Asmari Fahad , Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy , Zongo Eliasse
Published: January 2025

To concentrate omega‐3 fatty acids (n‐3) in fish oil (FO), olein and super olein fraction (OF) of FO were produced by winterization. For this purpose, FO was slowly cooled to −50°C (24 h), the mixture of crystallized and non‐crystallized phases was separated, filtrate was coded as OF (yield 32%), 35% of OF was kept for storage study and analytical purpose, remaining 65% was further slowly cooled down to −75°C (24 h) and filtered, filtrate was coded as super olein (SF, yield 23%). GC–MS analysis showed that unsaturated fatty acids increased due to successive winterization. In OF, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:1, C20:5 (EPA), C22:1, C22:2 and C22:6 (DHA) increased to 7.85%, 19.52%, 54.16%, 17.82%, 16.31%, 41.02%, 32.43%, and 29.89% than parent FO. In SF, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:1, C20:5, C22:1, C22:2 and C22:6 increased to 9.84%, 24.35%, 61.09%, 32.10%, 39.96%, 56.81%, 39.02%, and 48.94% than parent FO. Total phenolic contents (TPC) of FO, OF, and SF were 6.59, 12.67 and 19.72 (mgGAE/mL). Lecithin content of FO, OF, and SF were 1.29%, 0.575%, and 0.19%. In SF, desmosterol, cholesterol, stigma sterol and sitosterol were 91.57, 22.51, 12.67 and 112.18 mg/100 g. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of FO, OF, and SF was 49.32%, 64.27%, and 85.47%. DPPH values of FO, OF, and SF were 32.14%, 39.87%, and 46.41%. Winterization significantly raised vitamin A and E in OF and SF; vitamin A content in FO, OF, and SF (0‐day) were 46.28, 67.94, and 116.48 IU; vitamin E content in FO, OF, and SF (0‐day) were 1238.95, 1897.65, and 2375.11 mg/100 g. At 0‐day, peroxide value (POV) of FO, OF and SF was 0.22, 0.24 and 0.25 (MeqO2/Kg) with no variation in sensory characteristics. The results of this study proved that n‐3 could be increased in olein and super OFs of FO with reasonable oxidative stability.
Development of Rice Cake Fortified With Acorn Flour and Inulin Using Superheated Steam Technology: Analysis of Physicochemical, Structural, and Baking Properties
Authors: Mokhtari Zohreh , Ziaiifar Aman Mohammad , Alami Mehran , Kashaninejad Mahdi , Aghajanzadeh Sara , Dezyani Adel , Arjeh Edris
Published: January 2025

Steam injection, especially in a superheated state, increases the rate of heat transfer and improves the quality of the baked products. In this research, different baking methods (forced convention, superheated steam, and superheated steam‐assisted) at different temperatures (140°C, 160°C, 180°C) were applied to produce a new formulated rice cake containing acorn flour and inulin. The findings revealed that the level of moisture inside the oven directly influences the volume of the cake. The cake prepared with supersaturated steam exhibited the lowest volume (67.86 cm3 in 25 min, 160°C) and the raw appearance. Whereas, the highest volume (74.87 cm3 in 25 min, 160°C) is attained when supersaturated steam is used in conjunction with hot air. The browning index constant in superheated steam‐assisted (0.027 min−1) was significantly higher than that in forced convection (0.007 min−1) and superheated steam (0.006 min−1) treatments. A delayed superheated steam‐assisted method (stream injection after 10 min of baking) improved the crust browning (BI = 120) due to accelerated Maillard reactions and caramelization, while the moist heat can also contribute to a more vibrant and glossy appearance by promoting a smooth, hydrated surface layer. In conclusion, the application of superheated steam and forced convention methods simultaneously during appropriate baking conditions brought better expansion volume, lower hardness and darker crust with suitable moisture content.
Genetically Predicted Gene Expression Effects on Changes in Red Blood Cell and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Khankari Nikhil K. , Su Timothy , Cai Qiuyin , Liu Lili , Jasper Elizabeth A. , Hellwege Jacklyn N. , Murff Harvey J. , Shrubsole Martha J. , Long Jirong , Edwards Todd L. , Zheng Wei
Published: January 2025

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega‐3 and omega‐6 are obtained from diet and can be measured objectively in plasma or red blood cells (RBCs) membrane biomarkers, representing different dietary exposure windows. In vivo conversion of omega‐3 and omega‐6 PUFAs from short‐ to long‐chain counterparts occurs via a shared metabolic pathway involving fatty acid desaturases and elongase. This analysis leveraged genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for RBC and plasma PUFAs, along with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to estimate tissue‐specific genetically predicted gene expression effects for delta‐5 desaturase (FADS1), delta‐6 desaturase (FADS2), and elongase (ELOVL2) on changes in RBC and plasma biomarkers. Using colocalization, we identified shared variants associated with both increased gene expression and changes in RBC PUFA levels in relevant PUFA metabolism tissues (i.e., adipose, liver, muscle, and whole blood). We observed differences in RBC versus plasma PUFA levels for genetically predicted increase in FADS1 and FADS2 gene expression, primarily for omega‐6 PUFAs linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA). The colocalization analysis identified rs102275 to be significantly associated with a 0.69% increase in total RBC membrane‐bound LA levels (p = 5.4 × 10−12). Future PUFA genetic studies examining long‐term PUFA biomarkers are needed to confirm our results.
Community Implementation and Evaluation of the Chicago Parent Program
Authors: Ammerman Robert T. , Zion Cynthia , Cleary Olivia M. , Raglin Bignall Whitney J. , Mara Constance A. , Theuerling Alyssa M. , Offenbacker Emily J. , Triplett Tatyanna A. , Mitchell Monica J. , Brokamp Cole , Smith Rosalind R. , Stark Lori J.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the implementation of the Chicago Parent Program (CPP) in a community setting. Included are details of the co‐designed implementation by academic and community partners, and parenting and child behavior outcomes. Two hundred eighty caregivers of children aged 2–5 years participated in the CPP in seven community sites. Measures of parenting and child behavior were administered at pre‐intervention, post‐intervention, and 3‐month follow‐up. Caregivers reported broad improvements in parenting and child behavior from pre‐intervention through 3‐month follow‐up. No effects were found for attendance, COVID‐19 exposure, and remote versus in‐person delivery. The CPP was successfully implemented in a community setting and demonstrated significant changes in parenting and child behavior.
Naturally Acquired Genotype‐Specific HPV Seroreactivity and Subsequent HPV Detection Among Heterosexual Partners
Authors: Ng Kristy , El‐Zein Mariam , Wissing Michel D. , Burchell Ann N. , Tellier Pierre‐Paul , Coutlée François , Waterboer Tim , Franco Eduardo L.
Published: January 2025

The protective effect of naturally acquired humoral immunity against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains unclear. To investigate the role of infection‐induced antibodies on HPV detection in heterosexual partners, we used data from 392 unvaccinated couples (females aged 18–25 years attended up to six visits over 2 years; males aged 17–37 years attended up to two visits 4 months apart) enrolled (2005–2011) in Montreal. Genital and blood samples were HPV DNA genotyped and tested for L1 antibody titers of 14 HPV genotypes. Analyses considered female‐HPV units (n = 4914 based on 351 couples) and male‐HPV units (n = 4214 based on 301 couples); each female and male, respectively, contributed up to 14 observations corresponding to 14 genotypes. Modified Cox and logistic regressions estimated hazard and odds ratios (HR/OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for genotype‐specific HPV detections by partner serostatus (high/low: ≥/< baseline median antibody titers, 392 couples). There were 919 and 231 cumulative HPV detections among female‐HPV and male‐HPV units, respectively. Risk of HPV detections in females (HR = 1.05, CI: 0.90–1.22) and males (OR = 1.31, CI: 0.97–1.77) was similar between those with partners of high versus low serostatus. Constraining to baseline HPV‐negative participants with HPV‐positive partners yielded unchanged results. This lack of association suggests that naturally developed HPV antibodies do not protect sexual partners from infection.
Fast‐Tuning and Narrow‐Linewidth Hybrid Laser for FMCW Ranging
Authors: Liu Chuxin , Guo Yuyao , Zhou Yanyang , Li Xinhang , Lu Liangjun , Li Yu , Bao Wansu , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie
Published: January 2025

Possessing a long coherent length, high repetition rate, and fast frequency‐sweeping laser sources with narrow linewidth is crucial components in coherent frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave (FMCW) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems. While these attributes are realized individually in standalone devices, the integration of these features into a single laser represents a significant advancement in the field. In this study, a hybrid integrated laser that achieves a linewidth of 9 kHz, a wide frequency‐modulation response extending up to 68 MHz, and a low chirp nonlinearity of 4.3 × 10−6 at a repetition rate of 100 kHz is presented. The achievement of this performance is made possible through self‐injection locking of a DFB laser diode to a low‐loss Si3N4 micro‐ring resonator on the dual‐layer Si3N4‐Si platform. Through the application of a fast‐converging pre‐distortion algorithm and a driving signal with 150 mV amplitude, a linear FMCW signal with 1.05 GHz frequency excursion is generated. Exploiting the wideband FM response of the PIN phase shifter, a frequency‐agile FMCW light source engine capable of generating linear FMCW signals at repetition rates of up to 2 MHz is successfully developed. Leveraging these cutting‐edge capabilities, an FMCW LiDAR ranging system for target detection across varying distances, achieving a high ranging precision of 0.4 cm for targets at 6.2 m, is implemented. This innovative work not only demonstrates the feasibility of integrating multiple advanced functionalities into a single laser but also demonstrates the potential for enhancing the resolution and precision of FMCW LiDAR systems for a wide range of applications.
Nanoarchitectonics of a Skin‐Like Polymeric Hydrogel with High Anti‐Swelling and Self‐Adhesion Performance for Underwater Communication
Authors: Li Yunjin , Lu Xinyi , Zhang Yihan , Zhu Xu , Ma Li , Ma Ning , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Haibing , Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S.
Published: January 2025

Hydrogels are flexible materials characterized by a 3D network structure, which possess high water content and adjustable physicochemical properties. They have found widespread applications in tissue engineering, electronic skin, drug delivery, flexible sensors, and photothermal therapy. However, hydrogel networks often exhibit swelling behavior in aqueous environments, which can result in structural degradation and a loss of gel performance. In this study, polyacrylic acid is utilized as the primary network structure with the incorporation of the natural polymer chitosan. Furthermore, a conductive hydrogel exhibiting good mechanical strength similar to human skin and excellent anti‐swelling properties is developed by integrating phytic acid into the hydrogel network. The as‐prepared hydrogels exhibited maximum swelling in pure water, achieving an equilibrium swelling rate of 15%. Additionally, a dopamine‐grafted polyacrylic acid binder is synthesized through a coupling reaction to enhance the adhesion of the hydrogels to various substrates. The hydrogels demonstrated strong adhesion properties with different substrates. Whether in the air or underwater, the hydrogel sensor effectively monitors human movement behaviors. Furthermore, by utilizing the sensing signals to send Morse code, the hydrogel sensor can facilitate underwater communication. This type of hydrogel sensor is anticipated to play a significant role in wearable sensing applications and underwater communication.
Evaluation and Future Prospects of Data‐Driven Intelligence‐Based Framework for Predicting Cyclic Behavior of Reconstituted Sand
Authors: Jas Kaushik , Jana Amalesh , Dodagoudar G. R.
Published: January 2025

Most of the robust artificial intelligence (AI)‐based constitutive models are developed with synthetic datasets generated from traditional constitutive models. Therefore, they fundamentally rely on the traditional constitutive models rather than laboratory test results. Also, their potential use within geotechnical engineering communities is limited due to the unavailability of datasets along with the model code files. In this study, the data‐driven constitutive models are developed using only laboratory test databases and deep learning (DL) techniques. The laboratory database was prepared by conducting cyclic direct simple shear (CDSS) tests on reconstituted sand, that is, PDX sand. The stacked long short‐term memory (LSTM) network and its variants are considered for developing the predictive models of the shear strain (γ [%]) and excess pore pressure ratio (ru) time histories. The suitable input parameters (IPs) are selected based on the physics behind the generation of ru and γ (%) of the liquefiable sands. The predicted responses of γ (%) and ru agree well in most cases and are used to predict the dynamic soil properties of the PDX sand. The same modeling framework is extended for other sand and compared with existing AI‐based constitutive models to verify its practical applicability. In summary, it is observed that though the trained models predicted the time histories of ru and γ reasonably well; however, they struggled to predict the hysteresis loops at higher cycles. Therefore, more research is needed to verify and enhance the predictability of existing AI‐based models in the future before using them in practice for simulating cyclic response.
Relationship between community characteristics and impact of calorie labeling on fast‐food purchases
Authors: Dupuis Roxanne , Bragg Marie A. , Heng Lloyd , Hafeez Emil , Wu Erilia , Mijanovich Tod , Weitzman Beth C. , Rummo Pasquale E. , Elbel Brian
Published: January 2025

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate potential sources of heterogeneity in the effect of calorie labeling on fast‐food purchases among restaurants located in areas with different neighborhood characteristics.

Methods

In a quasi‐experimental design, using transaction data from 2329 Taco Bell restaurants across the United States between 2008 and 2014, we estimated the relationships of census tract‐level income, racial and ethnic composition, and urbanicity with the impacts of calorie labeling on calories purchased per transaction.

Results

Calorie labeling led to small, absolute reductions in calories purchased across all population subgroups, ranging between −9.3 calories (95% CI: −18.7 to 0.0) and −37.6 calories (95% CI: −41.6 to −33.7) 2 years after labeling implementation. We observed the largest difference in the effect of calorie labeling between restaurants located in rural compared with those located in high‐density urban census tracts 2 years after implementation, with the effect of calorie labeling being three times larger in urban areas.

Conclusions

Fast‐food calorie labeling led to small reductions in calories purchased across all population subgroups except for rural census tracts, with some subgroups experiencing a greater benefit.
Malignancies and immunoglobulin G4‐related disease
Authors: Li Jingna , Zhang Wen
Published: January 2025

Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a systemic fibro‐inflammatory disease characterized by tumefactive lesions. Beyond the role of the disease as a cancer mimic, studies over the past decade have demonstrated that IgG4‐RD is associated with increased cancer risk. A search of articles, case reports, and reviews concerning malignancies in patients with IgG4‐RD was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The site of cancer development is not always affected by IgG4‐RD. The prevalence of solid cancers varies among populations. Moreover, B‐cell neoplasms constitute a proportion of the malignancies linked to this disease. The precise mechanism of oncogenesis in IgG4‐RD is ambiguous. Several mechanisms may be relevant to the increased cancer risk in patients with IgG4‐RD, including chronic inflammation, IgG4‐positive plasma cell infiltration, and the involvement of follicular helper T cells, macrophages, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in tumor immunity. The risk factors include male sex, older age, smoking status, occupational exposure, disease recurrence, and involvement of specific organs. Malignancies in patients with IgG4‐RD are associated with a poor prognosis, underscoring the importance of cancer risk management and regular screening during follow‐up. The precise mechanisms linking IgG4‐RD to malignancy remain unclear and warrant further research. Regular cancer screening should be prioritized during follow‐up to facilitate early detection of malignancies.
Pourbaix Diagrams of Lawsone Derivatives
Authors: Zambrano‐González Yaffet , Cobos Alinne , Flores‐Leonar Martha M. , Ávila‐Zárraga Gustavo , Laguna Humberto G.
Published: January 2025

Theoretical Pourbaix diagrams (PDs) were obtained for lawsone and five different polyfunctional derivatives, including electron withdrawing and electron donating groups. Systematic theoretical studies were performed to determine a feasible isomerization mechanism of lawsone. A discussion of the effect of the substituents on the PDs and the possibility of their application as electrolytes in aqueous redox flow batteries is provided. Finally, the synthesis of the five studied derivatives is presented in the appendix.
Green Synthesis and Application of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles from Cenchrus setigerus Vahl in Herbal Handwash as Antimicrobial Reducer
Authors: Abbas Muzammal , Hanif Uzma , Nasir Areeba , Zahid Fakiha , Liaqat Iram , Ali Shaista , Bhanot Deepak , Ataya Farid S. , Anwar Aneela , Khan Shahab
Published: January 2025

In the current study, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized via green chemistry protocols from the Cenchrus setigerus Vahl plant leaf extracts. For the synthesis of ZnO NPs, about 100 mM zinc sulfate heptahydrate salt (ZnSO4·7H2O) was taken in an aqueous solution along with Cenchrus setigerus Vahl extracts as a reducing and capping agent. The reaction mixture was stirred constantly till the color change was observed. The synthesized ZnO NPs were dried and characterized by UV, FT‐IR, PXRD, SEM, and EDX. From the results, the calculated particle size was about 9.91 nm, with a crystalline nature. In UV–visible it shows characteristics peak at the region of 372 nm, while orthorhombic structure was predicted from their SEM analysis. Using the agar well diffusion method, the antibacterial potentials were determined for the synthesized ZnO NPs at three different concentrations: 500, 700, and 900 µg/mL, against Bacillus subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae. Similarly, the antibacterial potentials were evaluated for herbal handwash, synthesized from the methanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum and Azadirachta indica. The comparison of ZnO NPs incorporated herbal handwash, and herbal handwash was performed against skin pathogens, which were found more beneficial.
Chemical Properties of Cerium (III) Hexacyanoferrate (II/III) on Graphene Oxide Chemically Modified with a PAMAM Dendrimer and Application as a Sensor for l‐Dopamine Detection
Authors: Bonfim Kely Silveira , Peixoto Murilo dos Santos , do Carmo Devaney Ribeiro
Published: January 2025

A novel functional platform comprising graphene oxide (GO) and a PAMAM dendrimer (GO‐PAMAM) is presented herein, subsequently modified with Ce(III) ions and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) to form a complex incorporating hexacyanoferrate (II/III) redox species. The resulting hybrid material was characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and cyclic voltammetry studies. Electrochemical assessments, specifically cyclic voltammetry, demonstrated the suitability of the modified electrode for the electrocatalytic detection of l‐dopamine. A linear response was observed from 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 4.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹. The limit of detection was 4.09 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ with a standard deviation of ±3% (n = 3), while amperometric sensitivity was determined as 195.28 mA/mol L⁻¹.
On-shell approach to black hole mergers
Authors: Aoki Katsuki , Cristofoli Andrea , Huang Yu-tin
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We develop an on-shell approach to study black hole mergers. Since, asymptotically, the initial and final states can be described by point-like spinning particles, we propose a massive three-point amplitude for the merger of two Schwarzschild black holes into a Kerr black hole. This three-point amplitude and the spectral function of the final state are fully determined by kinematics and the model-independent input about the black hole merger which is described by a complete absorption process. Using the Kosower-Maybee-O’Connell (KMOC) formalism, we then reproduce the classical conservation laws for momentum and angular momentum after the merger. As an application, we use the proposed three-point to compute the graviton emission amplitude, from which we extract the merger waveform to all orders in spin but leading in gravitational coupling. Up to sub-subleading order in spin, this matches the classical soft graviton theorem. We conclude with a comparison to black hole perturbation theory, which gives complementary amplitudes which are non-perturbative in the gravitational coupling but to leading order in the extreme mass ratio limit. This also highlights how boundary conditions on a Schwarzschild background can be used to rederive the proposed on-shell amplitudes for merger processes.
Empirical similarity for revealing the US interest rate policy: modeling case-based decisions of the FOMC
Authors: Golosnoy Vasyl , Okhrin Yarema , Roos Michael W. M.
Published: January 2025

We model the Fed’s decisions about interest rate adjustments via the flexible nonlinear empirical similarity (ES) concept which relies on ideas of case-based reasoning particularly suitable for decision making under uncertainty. We postulate that the Fed’s adjustment decision in a given situation should be close to those in similar economic situations. We evaluate the empirical fit of the ES concept in comparison with the linear reaction function related to the Taylor rule for the period from 1987 till 2008. We identify and analyze critical time points particularly for those Fed decisions which were conducted in rather uncertain economic environments.
Mechanical properties of (Ba0.4Sr0.4Ca0.2Fe12O19)x/(Bi1.6, Pb0.4)-2223 composite impacted in seawater
Authors: Matar M. , Najem Ahmad , Habanjar K. , Anas M. , Awad R.
Published: January 2025

In the present work, the effect of adding Ba0.4Sr0.4Ca0.2Fe12O19 hard nanoparticles and the immersion in seawater for different durations (0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h) on the mechanical characteristics of the Bi, Pb-2223 superconductor phase were studied. A conventional solid-state reaction method was used to produce the (Ba0.4Sr0.4Ca0.2Fe12O19)
x
/(Bi1.6, Pb0.4)-2223 composites (0.00 ≤ x < 0.40 wt%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the primary phase formation of the tetragonal (Bi1.6, Pb0.4)-2223. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) studies were also carried out to demonstrate the microstructural analyses of the samples during seawater immersion. Compared to the pure (Bi1.6, Pb0.4)-2223 phase, SEM and EDX verified the improvement of the adsorption of seawater elements upon adding the nanoparticles. This resulted in faster grain size reduction in the (Bi1.6, Pb0.4)-2223 phase than in the pure sample before immersion. Vickers microhardness (
$$\:Hv$$
) Measurements were performed for 30 s at room temperature, with applied stresses ranging from 0.49 to 9.80 N after immersion in the seawater for different durations (0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h). For the sample with x = 0.04 wt%,
$$\:Hv$$
values enhanced with percentages of 67.72% and 98.44%, before and after immersion in seawater for 24 h, respectively. This suggests that the mechanical properties of the (Bi1.6, Pb0.4)-2223 phase were enhanced by a small addition of these nanoparticles and the salts of seawater adsorbed on the sample’s surface. The modified proportional sample resistance (MPSR) model offered the most accurate theoretical analysis in the plateau limit region, before and after seawater immersions, with a less than 5% variance. Furthermore, the incorporation of Ba0.4Sr0.4Ca0.2Fe12O19 into the superconductor had a positive impact on several mechanical characteristics, including fracture toughness (K), yield strength (Y), and elastic modulus (E). All these mechanical parameter values followed the same trend, increasing with the increase in immersion time. However, they are at their height with the presence of 0.04 wt% of these nanoparticles. The toughness increased by 27.31% of the pure sample at this point. After that, when the immersion time rose from 0 to 24 h, this number increased by 42.59%.