bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progressieve botdestructie bij een hond die operatief werd behandeld voor otitis media: follow-up via klinisch onderzoek en computertomografie
Authors: Furcas A. , Gielen I. M. , Vandenabeele S. , Van Caelenberg A. , Stessens L. , Polis I. , de Rooster H.
Published: September 2020

Een beagle van 5,5 jaar oud werd aangeboden omwille van klachten van abnormaal slikken en een scheve kopstand die reeds twee weken aanwezig was. Inspectie van de keel werd uitgevoerd. Op otoscopisch onderzoek werd een intact maar bolstaand trommelvlies aangetroffen. Op de beelden van het computertomografisch (CT) onderzoek bleek de rechter bulla tympanica gevuld met materiaal met een weke-delendensiteit, terwijl de ventrale bullawand deels lytisch was, evenals het pars petrosa van het os temporale. De bulla werd benaderd via ventrale bulla osteotomie, waarbij een steriel cholesterol granuloom en een cholesteatoma werden gediagnosticeerd. De hond herstelde, maar acht maanden na de chirurgie trad opnieuw een scheve kopstand op. Een nieuwe CT-scan toonde uitbreiding van de lyse van de bullawand en toegenomen lyse van het pars petrosum van het os temporale aan. De eigenaar wenste geen nieuwe chirurgische interventie. Nog eens twee jaar later, werd de CT-scan herhaald. Ditmaal was er een duidelijke intracraniale uitbreiding van het letsel zichtbaar. Niettegenstaande de uitgebreidheid en de progressie van de letsels was de hond klinisch stabiel.
Heeft de uitwendige gehoorgang van walvisachtigen nog enige functie?
Authors: De Vreese S.
Published: September 2020

Alle walvisachtigen stammen af van landzoogdieren, waardoor het gehoorapparaat van beide in essentie uit dezelfde anatomische structuren bestaat. Zo beschikken walvissen ook over een buiten-, een midden- en een binnenoor. Deze onderdelen vertonen echter sterke evolutionaire aanpassingen aan het horen onder water. Daarenboven hebben bijkomende morfologische elementen, zoals het akoestisch vet en de onderkaaktakken, evolutionair een akoestische functie verworven in het geleiden van het geluid richting trommelholte. De oorspronkelijke functie van andere structuren, zoals de uitwendige gehoorgang, wordt daarom in vraag gesteld. Hoe het gehoorapparaat van walvisachtigen functioneert, is nog niet volledig bekend. Die inzichten zijn echter wel cruciaal. Een goede kennis van de werking kan immers helpen om de impact van antropogene geluidsvervuiling in te schatten. Hoogenergetisch onderwatergeluid kan leiden tot fysieke schade en gehoorverlies, fysiologische stress, gedragsveranderingen, communicatieve stoornissen en meer. In deze studie worden aan de hand van histologische dwarsdoorsneden, de gehoorgang van een witsnuitdolfijn (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) en een dwergvinvis (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) vergeleken en onderzocht. Deze gehoorgangen lijken rudimentair, met een klein tot afwezig lumen. Echter, de goede doorbloeding, grote spierbundels, actieve klieren en duidelijke bezenuwing kunnen bij beide onderzochte soorten duiden op enige functionaliteit van het uitwendige oor. Bovendien zijn structuurtjes aanwezig die morfologische gelijkenis vertonen met corpusculi lamellosi, i. e. lichaampjes van Vater-Pacini. De functie van deze potentiële mechanoreceptoren is niet bekend, al zouden ze een rol kunnen spelen in de waarneming van drukveranderingen bij het duiken.
Obstructie van de dunne darm door Toxocara vitulorum bij een kalf
Authors: Van Der Steen L. , Pardon B. , Sarre C. , Valgaeren B. , Van Hende D. , Vlaminck L. , Deprez P.
Published: September 2020

Een Belgisch witblauw stierkalf van één maand oud werd aangeboden in de kliniek van de Faculteit Diergeneeskunde (UGent) vanwege plotseling optredende koliek. Het dier vertoonde kolieksymptomen, dilatatie van de beide rechterkwadranten van het abdomen, afwezigheid van mest en de aanwezigheid van klots- en pinggeluiden op auscultatie van de rechterzijde. Op het abdominale echografische onderzoek waren gedilateerde, contractiele dunne darmen zichtbaar met een verdikte wand. Bij de exploratieve laparotomie werd een volledige obstructie door volwassen Toxocara vitulorum wormen van het duodenum tot halfweg het jejunum gediagnostiseerd. Ter hoogte van het punctum maximum van de obstructie werd een deel van de ascariden verwijderd via enterotomie. Na ontworming met doramectine werden de volgende dagen ascariden gevonden in de mest van het dier. In tegenstelling tot ascarideninfecties bij pups, biggen en veulens, werd een obstructie door T. vitulorum bij kalveren volgens de auteurs nog niet eerder beschreven.
Voedselgerelateerde hyperthyroïdie bij een rottweiler
Authors: Cornelissen S. , De Roover K. , Paepe D. , Hesta M. , Van der Meulen E. , Daminet S.
Published: September 2020

In deze casuïstiek wordt een geval van voedselafhankelijke hyperthyroïdie bij een hond beschreven. Een mannelijke, intacte rottweiler van elf maanden oud werd aangeboden omwille van hijgen, gewichtsverlies en een gestegen serum-thyroxineconcentratie. Uit de anamnese bleek dat de hond een “bone and raw food” dieet te eten kreeg. Dit maakte de diagnose van voedselafhankelijke hyperthyroïdie zeer waarschijnlijk. Andere mogelijke differentiaaldiagnosen werden uitgesloten door middel van een uitgebreide diagnostiek. Uiteindelijk verdwenen de symptomen en normaliseerden de schildklierwaarden na verandering naar een klassiek commercieel onderhoudsdieet. Bij elke hond met een gestegen serum-thyroxineconcentratie, met of zonder symptomen van hyperthyroïdie, is een complete voedingsanamnese noodzakelijk. Eigenaars moeten geïnformeerd worden over het feit dat diëten met rauw vlees vaak nutritionele tekortkomingen hebben, het risico van bacteriële contaminatie dragen en andere veiligheidsproblemen hebben. Daarom zouden dierenartsen dit soort voeding beter afraden.
Nageltred: voordelen van MRI bij de behandelingskeuze
Authors: de Heer N. , Compagnie E. , ter Braake F.
Published: September 2020

Nageltred komt veel voor bij paarden. De prognose en behandeling hangen af van de beschadigde weefsels. In dit artikel worden negen paarden met nageltred beschreven die een “magnetic resonance imaging” (MRI)-onderzoek ondergingen. Het röntgenologisch onderzoek, dat werd uitgevoerd bij zeven van de negen paarden, gaf een inschatting van de betrokkenheid van botstructuren bij nageltred. Om de weke-delenschade te kunnen beoordelen, werd een MRI-onderzoek uitgevoerd bij alle paarden. MRI geeft immers een uitstekend weke-delencontrast en kan gedetailleerde beelden in elk anatomisch vlak maken. In alle negen casussen was het MRI-onderzoek bepalend voor de prognose en therapiekeuze. Bij twee paarden bevestigden de MRI-beelden dat slechts een oppervlakkige uitruiming nodig was. Bij de overige zeven paarden was een meer invasieve aanpak geïndiceerd, zoals bursoscopie of een “streetnail” procedure. Deze studie illustreert dat door middel van MRI-onderzoek veel nuttige informatie kan verkregen worden om zo tot een gepaste therapie en prognose te komen. In deze studie is er een grote overeenkomst tussen de bevindingen van de MRI en de afwijkingen die tijdens chirurgie gevonden werden.
Calvarium hyperostosis syndroom bij een jonge weimaraner
Authors: de Heer N. , Maltha J. H. J. , van Garderen E.
Published: September 2020

Calvarial hyperostosis syndroom (CHS) is een zeldzame, goedaardige, proliferatieve botaandoening van de platte beenderen van de schedel. Het proces is aanvankelijk pijnlijk maar geneest vanzelf als het skelet volgroeid is. De behandeling is daarom gericht op pijnbestrijding. Tot voor kort werd CHS enkel beschreven bij jonge bullmastiffs en vooralsnog is de etiologie onbekend. In deze casuïstiek wordt een zes maanden oude weimaraner beschreven met CHS met de typische presentatie van een asymmetrische zwelling van de frontale, pariëtale en soms occipitale beenderen van de schedel.
Klinische symptomen als merker van bacteriële isolatie uit de uterus van honden verdacht van pyometra
Authors: Kitshoff A. M. , van Goethem B. , Boyen F. , Tas O. , Polis I. , de Rooster H.
Published: September 2020

In deze studie werden vrouwelijke honden met klinische klachten verenigbaar met pyometra prospectief geëvalueerd. Het signalement, de klinische symptomen, laboratoriumresultaten en chirurgische bevindingen werden vergeleken tussen honden met en zonder bacteriële isolatie op basis van aërobe technieken. Patiënten met een positieve bacteriële isolatie werden in de pyometragroep geklasseerd, terwijl patiënten met een negatieve bacteriële isolatie als honden met mucometra werden gegroepeerd. Honderdveertig honden (118 met pyometra en 22 met mucometra) voldeden aan de inclusiecriteria. De toediening van een antibioticum vooraleer door te verwijzen was geassocieerd met verlengde klinische symptomen bij de patiënten van de pyometragroep (12 ± 2 dagen versus 7 ± 1 dagen; P = 0,006). Bij de pyometrapatiënten werden klinische symptomen, zoals koorts, anorexia en ongemak bij abdominale palpatie vaker waargenomen dan bij de mucometrapatiënten. Het totale aantal leukocyten was de enige parameter die significant verschilde (P=0,01). Hoewel er tussen de twee groepen geen verschil in kleur en consistentie van de baarmoedervloeistof werd opgemerkt, was de baarmoeder van de honden met pyometra zwaarder dan bij de honden met mucometra (851,80 ± 800,30 g versus 263,50 ± 297,10 g). E. coli was de vaakst geïsoleerde bacterie (92/123).
De therapeutische opties voor caniene atopische dermatitis: 2010 versus 2015
Authors: Houtsaeger C. , Vandenabeele S. , Paepe D.
Published: September 2020

Alhoewel caniene atopische dermatitis (CAD) de meest voorkomende huidaandoening bij de hond is, is de therapeutische aanpak niet voor de hand liggend. Sinds enkele jaren is er een stijgend inzicht in de pathogenese, wat tot een aangepaste aanpak van CAD en het ontwikkelen van nieuwe therapeutische opties heeft geleid. In de voorliggende studie werden 28 patiënten met CAD in 2010 en 34 patiënten met CAD in 2015 met elkaar vergeleken om de effecten van deze recente adviezen en de komst van een nieuw product in 2014, i.e. Apoquel® (Oclacitinib, Zoetis VSA) te evalueren. Bij de patiënten aangeboden in 2015 werd frequent gekozen voor oclacitinib als hoofdbehandeling, maar ook andere alternatieven voor corticosteroïden genoten de voorkeur. In dat zelfde jaar werd er bij beduidend meer patiënten een betere jeukreductie bekomen en ook het voorkomen van bacteriële infecties na therapie daalde. Het onder controle krijgen van gistinfecties bleef echter een uitdaging.
“We’re all travelers, all sojourners” : A pseudo-ethnography of incarceration and adaptation
Authors: Aguilar Maria Virginia , Lineses Edwin Falcis
Published: September 2020

The study intends to describe the dynamics in jail, the notable features of incarceration, and cultural premises used by inmates to achieve adaptation to a different environment. Using participant observation and several indigenous methods of gathering data twenty inmates in a city jail were purposively selected for this qualitative study. Several findings are notable. First, traveling is a fitting metaphor to depict the inmate culture developed inside the jail, more so that it is consistent with how the inmates call their incarceration as a momentary “biyahe,” i.e., a sojourn. Second, the inmates reveal that a must-learn code of conduct “patakaran” or “magna carta” which is rooted in respect and discipline, is essential to survival. Third, by tacit agreement with the jail management, the inmates have organized themselves with distinctive hierarchical roles that should be respected to maintain discipline and order.  Each cell has it its own structure to impose discipline and to accomplish every member’s task. Fourth, a system of meting out punishment to disobedience of rules is strictly enforced. Ultimately then, inmates adapt to a new environment and acquire behaviors appropriate to their community. Fifth, pockets of resistance are afforded, albeit in small and imperceptible manners. The study concludes that culture inside the facility is dynamic and inmates assert their roles beyond the prevailing social and structural forces.
Evaluation of nutritional status, food intake and food waste costs in ‎hospitalized patients, considering relevant causes and finding possible ‎solutions: Protocol of a mixed-method study (Preprint)
Authors: Amini Maryam , Nikooyeh Bahareh , Ghodsi Delaram , Torabi Parisa , Neyestani Tirang Reza
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Hospitalization may seriously affect patients’ nutritional status and may ‎occasionally be accompanied by malnutrition development or aggravation. Food intake is ‎often altered during hospitalization, which is tightly connected to malnutrition. On the other ‎hand, a huge amount of plate food wasted by patients, in addition to its health consequences, ‎has enormous economic and environmental expenses for governments and societies.

OBJECTIVE

This ‎investigation aims firstly to assess the nutritional status of the patients hospitalized in general ‎wards and secondly to evaluate the quantity and financial burden of patients’ food waste ‎along with its possible nutritional outcomes.‎

METHODS

A mixed-method study is performed in three general hospitals in Tehran. Adult ‎inpatients with eligibility criteria are recruited to the study from medical and surgical ‎wards. Anthropometric and demographic data are collected and energy and protein intakes ‎are extracted from a 24-hour food recall. Plate food wastes of eligible patients are weighed ‎in breakfast, lunch, and snacks during one day. Then, the economic cost of food waste is ‎calculated for each meal, patient, and ward. Nutritional status is determined through the ‎following methods: 1. Subjective criteria (Mini Nutritional Assessment and Subjective ‎Global Assessment tools) for malnutrition; 2. Measuring serum albumin, pre-albumin and ‎total protein for protein status; 3. Measuring serum retinol and 25-hydroxycalciferol assay ‎to assess certain micronutrient status (vitamins A and D); and 4. Examination of serum β-‎carotene, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and highly sensitive C-reactive ‎protein to determine oxidative stress and inflammatory status. Also, a qualitative study is ‎conducted to evaluate the possible reasons for wasting food in these hospitals.‎

RESULTS

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CONCLUSIONS

This study will provide appropriate data regarding the health and economic burden ‎of food waste in studied hospitals. These data are especially useful to healthcare authorities ‎and policymakers for planning efficient solutions to decrease food waste and to improve ‎patients' nutritional status. ‎
Worry and Permissive Parenting in Association with the Development of Internet Addiction in Children: A Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lo Barbara Chuen Yee , Lai Nok Man , Ng Ting Kin , Wang Haobi
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

With growing accessibility and need over the past decades, the Internet has experienced a rapid increase in use globally. Specifically, with the accelerated development in information technology, more than 90% of Hong Kong’s citizens use the Internet, and 70% of children in the age group of 6-17 have daily access to it. However, despite the benefits of Internet technology, its addiction could pose serious social and health issues. Therefore, conducting research to investigate its causes and risk factors is fundamental.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we examined the relationship between worry and Internet addiction among children in Hong Kong, and investigated the moderating effect of the permissive parenting style on such relationship.

METHODS

The participants consisted of 227 fourth-grade and fifth-grade students (120 males, 52.9%) from primary schools in Hong Kong with a mean age of 9.55 (SD = .58). Each participant was asked to complete the questionnaires, including the Internet Addiction Test for Internet addiction, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children for worry, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire for the permissive parenting style.

RESULTS

The results indicated that worry was related to greater Internet addiction among children. Furthermore, there was a moderating effect of the permissive parenting style such that the positive association between worry and Internet addiction was stronger when the permissive parenting style was higher.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings imply that parenting styles are influential in the prevention of Internet addiction.
Mental Health Burden in Different Professions During the Final Stage of the COVID-19 Lockdown in China: Cross-sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Du Junfeng , Mayer Gwendolyn , Hummel Svenja , Oetjen Neele , Gronewold Nadine , Zafar Ali , Schultz Jobst-Hendrik
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 resulted in considerable mental health burden in the Chinese general population and among health care workers at the beginning and peak of the pandemic. However, little is known about potentially vulnerable groups during the final stage of the lockdown.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this survey study was to assess the mental health burden of different professions in China in order to find vulnerable groups, possible influencing factors, and successful ways of coping during the last 4 weeks of the lockdown in Hubei Province.

METHODS

A cross-sectional online survey asked participants about current residence, daily working hours, exposure to COVID-19 at work, and media preferences. We used a shortened version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess mental health. Further assessments included perceived stress (Simplified Chinese version of the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale), coping strategies for all participants, and specific stressors for health care workers. We followed the reporting guidelines of the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) statement for observational studies.

RESULTS

The sample (N=687) consisted of 158 doctors, 221 nurses, 24 other medical staff, 43 students, 60 teachers/government staff, 135 economy staff, 26 workers/farmers, and 20 professions designated under the “other” category. We found increased depression (n=123, 17.9%), anxiety (n=208, 30.3%), and stress (n=94, 13.7%) in our sample. Professions that were vulnerable to depression were other medical staff and students. Doctors, nurses, and students were vulnerable to anxiety; and other medical staff, students, and economy staff were vulnerable to stress. Coping strategies were reduced to three factors: active, mental, and emotional. Being female and emotional coping were independently associated with depression, anxiety, or stress. Applying active coping strategies showed lower odds for anxiety while mental coping strategies showed lower odds for depression, anxiety, and stress. Age, being inside a lockdown area, exposure to COVID-19 at work, and having a high workload (8-12 hours per day) were not associated with depression, anxiety, or stress. WeChat was the preferred way of staying informed across all groups.

CONCLUSIONS

By the end of the lockdown, a considerable part of the Chinese population showed increased levels of depression and anxiety. Students and other medical staff were the most affected, while economy staff were highly stressed. Doctors and nurses need support regarding potential anxiety disorders. Future work should focus on longitudinal results of the pandemic and develop targeted preventive measures.

CLINICALTRIAL
nfant Social Evaluations in Response to Unequal Resource Distribution
Authors: Jordan Evan M. , Thomas David G. , Ponce-Garcia Elisabeth
Published: September 2020

Healthy emotional development provides a foundation for the development of prosocial motives and their subsequent behaviors, especially those emotions specifically related to empathic responding. Previous research has demonstrated a preference for individuals who behave prosocially, as opposed to antisocially, in infants as young as 3 months of age (Hamlin et al., 2010). It has also been suggested that by 18 months of age infants may be evaluating the equitable and inequitable distributive actions of others as being either prosocial or antisocial behaviors, respectively (Geraci & Surian, 2011). This previous work has focused exclusively on the agents of the distributive actions. The purpose of the current study is to focus on the recipients of those actions, i.e., to determine if infants engage in social evaluations directed toward the individuals who are on the receiving end of prosocial and antisocial distributive behaviors. Specifically, this study assesses infant responses toward receivers that have been treated antisocially to determine if infants are displaying an empathically charged response toward individuals affected by antisocial actions.
STUDY OF THE ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF THE COMBINED ADMINISTRATION OF THREE NATURAL EXTRACTS IN A POLOXAMER-407 HYPERLIPIDEMIC MODEL AND THEIR LC-ESI-MS/MS2 AND HPLC PROFILING
Authors: MINA S. A. , EL-MAKSOUD A. M. ABD , MOHAMMED H. S. , FOUAD M. A.
Published: September 2020

Objective: Dyslipidaemia is considered a high-risk factor for inducing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aims to investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of the co-administration of the ethanol extracts of both ginger (root and rhizome) and leek (leaves and bulbs) in addition to the aqueous extract of gum arabic. 

Methods: Rats were divided into eight groups: Hyperlipidaemia was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of Poloxamer 407 (P-407) [1 g/kg], negative control [saline injected], hyperlipidemic control [P-407 injected], positive control [Atorvastatin 70 mg/kg], groups four, five and six received ginger extract (400 mg/kg), leek extract (500 mg/kg) and gum arabic aqueous extract (7.5 g/kg) respectively and groups seven and eight received a co-administration of ginger, leek and gum arabic extracts at doses A and B respectively. Lipid profile was monitored. The profiling of all the tested extracts was performed by LC-ESI/MS and HPLC.

Results: A significant anti-hyperlipidemic activity (P<0.05) was seen for group eight among all the tested groups producing ≈54%, 72%, 50% and 72% decrease in the measured parameters total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) respectively. An overall of 56 and 45 compounds were tentatively identified in the ethanol extracts of ginger and leek, respectively. Galactose and arabinose sugars were found to be the major saccharides in gum arabic and glucuronic acid was the major polyuronide part.

Conclusion: the co-administration of a group of natural extracts in the given concentration proved to be more effective than the use of synthetic drugs or the use of a single component.
SIMAROUBA GLAUCA BARK EXTRACT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF IRON OXIDE AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL, CYTOTOXIC AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY
Authors: JOSE BEENA , MARTIN RIYA
Published: September 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study is the synthesis of iron oxide and silver nanoparticles using Simarouba glauca aqueous bark extract, characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles and evaluation of their antimicrobial, photocatalytic activity and cytotoxicity.

Methods: The iron oxide and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Simarouba glauca aqueous bark extract and crystal structures of the nanoparticles were determined by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the silver nanoparticles was evaluated using Dalton’s lymphoma ascites cells. The antibacterial assay of the silver nanoparticles was conducted using agar well diffusion method.

Results: The UV-Visible spectrum of iron oxide nanoparticle showed an absorption maximum at 280 nm and silver nanoparticles showed an absorption maximum at 436 nm. This is XRD pattern of iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited a characteristic peak at 26.85 is of maghemite the corresponding miller indices is (211) and the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles are amorphous in nature. TEM image reveals the size of the synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles in the range of 26-30 nm and the size of silver nanoparticles is in the range of 120-140 nm.

Green synthesized iron nanoparticles using Simarouba glauca bark extract effectively degraded methylene blue dye.

Conclusion: This study showed that the synthesized iron oxide and silver nanoparticles using Simarouba glauca aqueous bark extract exhibited pronounced antibacterial, anticancer and photocatalytic activity and can be used in the textile industry and also as an external antiseptic in prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST DIETHYL NITROSAMIN AND CARBON TETTRACHLORIDE-INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN RATS
Authors: HASSEN MARWA T. , AHMED NAJAT JABBAR , MOHAMED HANAA K.
Published: September 2020

Objective: Hepatic cancer is known as primary liver cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Newly silver nanoparticles gained importance due to its advantages and multiple potential such as molecular imaging agent, antimicrobial, wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. The current study deals to assess therapeutic property silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against diethylnitrosamine (DENA), and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced hepatic cancer.

Methods: Thirty male albino rats (200-250g) were distributed into four groups and hepatic cancer was induced with a single intraperitoneal dose of 200 mg/kg body weight of DENA. Two weeks later, animals received subcutaneous injections of CCl4 once a week in a dose of 3 ml/kg body weight for 6weeks. Serum biomarkers, antioxidants enzymes, inflammatory markers were evaluated to find the anti-proliferative potential of silver nanoparticles. Histological evaluation and microscopic reports were also done to document the results of the current work.

Results: AgNPs significantly recover the serum marker enzymes of hepatic parameter AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin and also decreased the levels of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α. Histopathological features also exhibited recovery of a hepatic architecture in cancer-induced rats. Moreover, the immunohistochemical investigation demonstrated that the levels of PCNA, and Caspase-3, which are hepatocarcinogenic markers, were significantly improved by AgNPs.

Conclusion: These results concluded that AgNPs showed promising curing effects on hepatocellular ailments.
PHARMACISTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION REGARDING DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS IN PALESTINE: DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Authors: QAWASMEH ABDEL A. , YAGHI BESSAN , KHRAIWESH ALAA
Published: September 2020

Objective: To assess pharmacists’ knowledge with regards registered dietary supplements DS and their perception toward DS registration by the ministry of health MOH

Methods: A questionnaire was designed to assess pharmacists’ knowledge about newly registered food supplements (registered after 2012) and to assess their view about the current measures followed by MOH in registering these supplements. The questionnaire was distributed to pharmacists in West Bank–Palestine during the period from December 2017 to March 2018. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program (SPSS) version 10.

Results: Pharmacists’ knowledge with regards to registered DS was high with approximately 86% have recorded the right answers. Their perception about the current increasing registration of DS, pharmacists (67%) thinks that ‘what available DS in the market’ is enough and there is no need for more DS to be registered. Almost half of the pharmacists (48%) think that the information provided regarding dietary supplements is inadequate and almost 30% think is adequate. More than 70% of the pharmacists they never or rarely access the MOH web site to access for information about DS.

Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of controlling DS registration by the MOH and the necessity to effectively update pharmacists about these DS for effective counseling.
Yield Performance of Some Promising Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L.) at Dry Climate Condition
Authors: Susilo Agung Wahyu , Setyawan Bayu , Sari Indah Anita
Published: September 2020

El Nino effect as impact from global climate change needed anticipation effectively to keep cocoa production still give farmer benefit because effect of long dry season make some trouble in cocoa production. Cocoa production technology package that suitable in dry land needed for sustainable and empowerment cocoa production in marginal dry land. Principal component of this technology package is superior planting material because success of cocoa production depend on accuracy of selecting planting material. Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute consistently carries out cocoa breeding programs aimed at overcoming problems in the field, specifically to obtain superior planting material that is tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress. This research method was carried out by observing 22 promising clones of cocoa that were planted in the Kaliwining experimental station in the 2013-2017 observation period, each clone planted in three blocks. The observed variables included estimation of production, resistance to VSD, helopeltis, and pod rot. Based on multivariate analysis, it was found that ICCRI 09 had a stable production performance from 2013 - 2017 while the promising clone of KW 641 had a special adaptation to dry conditions. Both of these clones have the potential to be developed as drought tolerant planting material to overcome the impact of climate change on cocoa production. The observation results of pest and disease attacks obtained a pattern that the clones that have tolerance to drought have good resistance to VSD.
Vel tilbage efter sommerferien
Authors: Bestyrelsen DFFU
Published: September 2020

Bestyrelsen tager atter ordet i sin klumme.
O enfrentamento federativo da COVID-19 na região de Vitória da Conquista (BA)
Authors: Oliveira Fábio Lucas Pimentel de
Published: September 2020

no Brasil, uma das reações à pandemia da Covid-19 pôde ser observada no âmbito do pacto federativo. Estados e Municípios desenharam, em articulação com o Poder Legislativo Nacional, uma estratégia de mitigação dos efeitos deletérios da crise pandêmica. Esse arranjo se materializou na Lei Complementar nº 173/2020, que estabeleceu o Programa Federativo de Enfrentamento ao Coronavírus. Nele, dois aspectos se destacam. O primeiro é a entrega, da parte do Governo Federal, de R$ 60 bilhões aos entes subnacionais, cujo propósito é minimizar os impactos da retração econômica nas contas públicas. O segundo diz respeito a alterações relevantes no padrão fiscal brasileiro. A LC 173/2020, em princípio válida exclusivamente para o exercício de 2020, amplia a margem de manobra financeira da gestão pública, constrangida desde o início da década de 2000. Em face disso, neste artigo é feita uma análise dos impactos do programa federativo na região de Vitória da Conquista (BA), cujos municípios receberão R$ 159,2 milhões em caráter emergencial. Além do cálculo dos recursos entregues pela União, dimensiona-se a esterilização de receitas correntes em face de desequilíbrios financeiros, que tornou oblíqua a margem de manobra local para desenhar e executar políticas públicas. Tendo em vista que os desafios de hoje e de outrora refletem determinações estruturais do estilo nacional de desenvolvimento, espera-se que a análise possa subsidiar as diretrizes de um debate que não apenas coloque a região em uma rota sustentada de desenvolvimento, mas, sobretudo, que permita-lhe transpor os limites que inibem as capacidades governativas subnacionais.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS PESQUISAS QUE INVESTIGARAM A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO BRASIL POR MEIO DE COMUNIDADES DE PRÁTICA
Authors: Denker Greice Maiara , Galvan Camila , Buzzi Rausch Rita
Published: September 2020

Este artigo objetiva compreender características das pesquisas em educação que investigaram a formação de professores no Brasil por meio de comunidades de prática. Foram analisadas pesquisas publicadas no banco de teses e dissertações da capes nos últimos dez anos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de revisão. Para seleção das pesquisas foram utilizados descritores: Comunidade de prática, formação de professores, formação docente e comunidade de prática, que resultaram em 21 pesquisas. Destas, analisamos quatro características: temáticas, objetivos, principais autores e resultados obtidos. Observamos que as principais temáticas envolveram formação inicial e continuada de professores e que a comunidade de prática é um processo utilizado com foco colaborativo e no uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação. Os objetivos das pesquisa classificam-se em sua maioria como propositivos, e descritivos. O autor Wenger (2001) ganha destaque quando trata-se de Comunidade de Prática, Fiorentini (2014), Gatti (2010), Imbernón (2009) e Nóvoa (2009) ao tratar da formação de professores e Almeida (2008) foi o mais citado quando trata-se de TICs na Educação. Afirmamos que propostas atuais relacionadas à formação de professores indicam contribuições positivas quando envolvem comunidades de prática, por traduzir-se em estratégia de desenvolvimento profissional docente eficaz e moderna, através do uso de ferramentas tecnológicas que ressignificam espaços de formação e a própria identidade docente. As pesquisas indicam ainda o uso da comunidade de prática como um instrumento para o desenvolvimento profissional docente, abrindo portas para Tecnologias de Comunicação e informação, inovando propostas que valorizam e estimulam o compartilhamento entre profissionais.
POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS DE ENSINO MÉDIO: UM OLHAR SOBRE A AÇÃO DO ESTADO PARAENSE DE 2007 A 2013.
Authors: Nascimento Afonso Welliton de Sousa , Tavares Francinei Bentes , Cordeiro Yvens Ely Martins , De Souza José Ribamar Furtado
Published: September 2020

Este artigo faz uma interpretação da política educacional do Ensino Médio desenvolvido pelo Estado Paraense. Busca compreender como as políticas educacionais globais de cunho nacional, se incorporam às injunções locais e, ao mesmo tempo, como a partir de então, elas se constituíram em políticas locais e desenvolvidas com todo aparato do Estado, como elaborador, executor das políticas do Ensino Médio, envolvido com as dinâmicas, políticas e sociais locais que abrangem a realidade educacional. Estabelece-se assim a conexão sobre o sentido de classe assumido pelo Estado capitalista na evolução política nacional, em que a forma conservadora de desenvolvimento da economia desde a colonização incorporando na burocracia governamental os estamentos de classe próprio do período colonizador e, do sentido patrimonialista oligárquicos do desenvolvimento na república, constitui esse significado fisiológico presente na forma de organização e de gestão dos recursos públicos disponíveis na modernidade burguesa brasileira.
FORMAÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE PROPORCIONALIDADE NA PERSPECTIVA DO ENSINO DESENVOLVIMENTAL
Authors: Miguel José Carlos
Published: September 2020

O artigo discute o processo de formação do conceito de proporcionalidade por estudantes do ensino fundamental e as implicações pedagógicas de sua exploração didática na perspectiva do ensino desenvolvimental. Vale-se de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, de análise documental e de dados levantados em projeto de intervenção na realidade escolar, versando sobre percepções e representações acerca de situações matemáticas envolvendo as noções de proporcionalidade direta e inversa. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de os docentes considerarem as relações entre o vivido, o percebido e o concebido no ensino da noção de proporcionalidade, explorando diferentes situações matemáticas no contexto de representações semióticas de ideias do campo multiplicativo.
Palavras-chave: Atividade matemática. Proporcionalidade. Ensino Desenvolvimental.
TENDÊNCIA DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE OS CURSOS SUPERIORES DE TECNOLOGIA NO BRASIL
Authors: Souza José dos Santos , Veiga Célia Cristina Pereira da Silva
Published: September 2020

O artigo analisa a produção científica sobre os Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia (CSTs) publicada em cinco repositórios brasileiros no período de 1978 a 2017. Desde meados dos anos 2000, no bojo das reformas educacionais empreendidas no Brasil, percebe-se a ampliação do número de CSTs. Paralelamente, percebe-se também o aumentado da produção científica sobre a origem e o desenvolvimento desse grau acadêmico. O objetivo do artigo é explicitar as principais tendências da produção científica acerca dos CSTs no Brasil. Foram levantadas 666 produções científicas que mencionam os CSTs, mas dentre estas havia somente 476 produções cujo objeto de análise são os CSTs. A partir de uma análise destas produções, verificou-se que a maior parte delas é produzida na Região Sudeste e Sul do país, por pesquisadores vinculados a instituições públicas de ensino superior e podem ser classificadas em 3 categorias de abordagem: 1) Aspectos Pedagógicos dos CSTs; 2) Política e Regulação dos CSTs; e 3) Aspectos Profissionais da implantação e desenvolvimento dos CSTs. Estudos que tratam dos aspectos pedagógicos dos CSTs são os mais numerosos. Percebeu-se que a literatura analisada expressa duas concepções distintas e antagônicas de formação humana: a concepção interessada de formar o trabalhador para atender as demandas do mercado e a concepção de formar o trabalhador numa perspectiva unitária e omnilateral.
O pewnych dylematach związanych z budową rankingu obiektów ze względu na poziom zjawiska złożonego
Authors: Kukuła Karol
Published: September 2020

W artykule podjęto dyskusję nad trzema kluczowymi zagadnieniami związanymi z budową rankingu obiektów w oparciu o ich wielokryterialne oceny. Pierwszym z problemów, z którym musi się zmierzyć prowadzący badania (analityk), to wybór zmiennych diagnostycznych. Wybór ten w decydujący sposób wpływa na kształt konstruowanego rankingu. Drugim zagadnieniem jest wybór metody porządkowania liniowego. Trzeci zaś dotyczy obiektów układu porządkowego, jakim jest ranking i sprowadza się do ich podziału na grupy mniejsze względem wartości zmiennej syntetycznej. Z uwagi na to, że w dotychczasowej literaturze związanej z budową rankingu obserwuje się pewną dowolność przy wyborze stosowanych procedur, podjęto się zadania przeprowadzenia dyskusji na ten temat.
CEO Expertise and the Design of Compensation Contracts: Evidence from Generalist versus Specialist CEOs
Authors: Liu Chunbo , Shi Wei , Wei K. C. John
Published: September 2020

Generalist CEOs receive higher pay than specialist CEOs. We examine the implications of CEO expertise for the structure of executive compensation. We follow contract theory and predict that information asymmetry induces generalist CEOs to overstate their ability to a larger extent when contracting with shareholders. Boards of directors take this into account by designing compensation contracts that link their pay more closely to firm performance. Our empirical results support this prediction, and the link is more pronounced when generalist CEOs are less known in the executive labor market or are hired externally. The results hold after we control for a battery of factors that potentially affect incentive pay, including firm characteristics and CEO ability. Overall, our results support the optimal contracting perspective of executive compensation and highlight the importance of CEO expertise generality in resolving adverse selection during the contracting process.

JEL Classifications: G34; J24; J33.
Sizing of a Turboprop Engine Powered High Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and It`s Propulsion System for an Assumed Mission Profile in Turkey
Authors: Dinç Ali
Published: September 2020

In this study, preliminary sizing of a turboprop engine powered high altitude unmanned aerial vehicle and it`s propulsion system for an assumed mission profile in Turkey was performed. Aircraft mission profile is one of the most important design inputs in aircraft design. While the aircraft is dimensioned according to the requirements in the specification (useful payload, range, target cost, etc.), parameters such as cruise altitude and speed within the mission profile affect the engine type, power level, fuel quantity, and therefore the overall dimensions and total weight of the aircraft. The unmanned aerial vehicle with turboprop engine investigated in this study, can stay in the air for at least 24 hours at high altitude (40000 ft) and can be used for border surveillance, coast control, forest fires and land exploration.
Image Segmentation Using Discrete Wavelets Transform
Authors: Zobeda H. Naji  , T. Ali Weaam , Sh. Al Azawee Warqaa
Published: September 2020

Segmentation of Image plays an important role in image processing and application technology. Image segmentation has importantly contributed to many aspects of life like agriculture, medical image, and computer vision. Because of has the ability to decompose image that is making extract feature like object and edge of image easy. The algorithms of segmentation depend on two essential properties similarity and discontinuity. This paper proposed the segmentation of image based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT were used “Daubechies”) which its concerns with the exploitation of pixels in an image. In this paper, discrete wavelets are used with another type of technique like canny, R.G and thresholding to reduce the number of the segment and maintain the edge of an image, also in this paper presented description the interesting of discrete wavelets transform, canny& region growing.
Modelling of Groundwater Flow of Baquba District Area, Diyala Governorate, North-East, Iraq
Authors: Qassem H. Jalut
Published: September 2020

Groundwater is one of the important water resources in the countries that have a scarcity in water resources such as surface water. Modeling of the Baquba shallow unconfined aquifer (Quaternary sediments) has been an attempt by transfer the conceptual model to GMS 10.0-MODFLOW2000 for solving the groundwater equations by the technique of finite-difference. Two types of boundary conditions have been applied (Neumann and Dirichlet conditions). The calibration of the model has been attempt based on adjusting two parameters hydraulic conductivity and recharge rate. The best matching between computed and observed head has been done. The results reflect that the sensitivity analysis shows that hydraulic conductivity and recharge rate are a more sensitive parameter, after calibration, six different scenarios have investigated to study the impact of the discharging rate on the groundwater state. In the five scenarios, the applying discharge rates in the current state and increased by (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) successively above the current rate, while in the sixth scenario proposed agricultural land with drilling new wells. The stress period that has been applied in transit state extended from (2018-2027) with ten-time steps. The unsteady-state model simulation results for these scenarios clarify that the annual maximum drawdown values have been observed for the next ten years according to the five scenarios are equal to (11.426, 11.938, 12.246, 13.631, and 14.05) m respectively, while the annual maximum drawdown value recorded in the proposed scenario (current rate with the rates of the new wells) equal to 11.87m. As well as this increases in discharging rates indicated that the possibility of drilling new wells within the study area without any mining of aquifer. The results of the model reflect that the maximum values of the drawdown for the two regions of (Kanan and Buhriz) are very large, and according to this reason the management program is very important for dealing and manage the groundwater extraction in these regions
Image Steganography Based on Wavelet Transform and Color Space Approach
Authors: Adel Jalal Yousif
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a color image steganography scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and YCbCr color space. The cover image is initially transformed from RGB color space into YCbCr and the Cb component is utilized for hiding a secret grayscale image. Two-level DWT is applied to the selected component to obtain the horizontal sub-band HL2 which is used for the embedding process based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the secret image and the obtained sub-band HL2 of the cover image. Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are measured for evaluating the performance of the proposed scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed steganography method is reliable against several attacks without degrading the visual quality of the cover image. Further, comparative results for the proposed method in YCbCr and RGB color spaces show that the YCbCr space is more efficient in secret image retrieval
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Crush Welded Joints of Oxygen-Free Copper (C1020) Sheets
Authors: Abduljabbar S. Joma  , Akeel Dhahir Subhi  , Fadhil Abbas Hashim
Published: September 2020

Friction crush welding applications (FCW) provides versatile applications in sheet metals welding. In this work, different tool rotational speeds (220, 410, 920, 1500 rpm) and feed rates (20, 43, 80,150 mm/min) were used to weld oxygen-free copper sheets with flanged edges. Evaluation of Cu-Cu joints was performed successfully using optical microscope, vickers hardness and tensile test. The results showed that the microstructure was significantly influenced by welding parameters used. Different defects were recognized in the welding zone. The highest hardness of 63 HV and tensile strength of 105 MPa were obtained at tool rotational speed of 1500 rpm and feed rate of 115 mm/min.
Pemanfaatan Internet Terhadap Perkembangan Industri Perbankan Pada Bank BCA
Authors: Rachadika Ibnu Khairul
Published: September 2020

Paper ini berjudul "Pemanfaatan Internet Terhadap Perkembangan Industri Perbankan Pada Bank Syariah".Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat internet pada perkembangan industri perbankan pada Bank BCA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penyusunan jurnal ini adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research) atau dari bahan literatur-literatur yang ada, serta artikel-artikel dan dapat penulis simpulkan, bahwa strategi bisnis pada perbankan dengan memanfaatkan internet banking menjadi salah satu strategi yang digunakan oleh industri perbankan untuk bersaing. Semakin meningkatknya jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia dan meningkatnya jumlah nasabah dari tahun ke tahun, memungkinkan perbankan untuk melakukan inovasi-inovasi untuk memudahkan nasabah dalam melakukan transaksi pembayaran maupun pengiriman uang antar nasabah maupun antar bank..Layanan yang terdapatpada e-banking ialah Perbankan Daring (Online Banking) dan Perbankan bergerak (mobile banking).