bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity of the Dynamic Gait Index in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Forsberg Anette , Andreasson Malin , Nilsagård Ylva E.
Published: May 2013

Background

Evaluation of walking capacity and risk of falls in people with multiple sclerosis often are performed in rehabilitation. The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) evaluates walking during different tasks, but the feasibility in identifying people at risk for falls needs to be further investigated.

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate (1) the construct validity (known groups, convergent, and discriminant) of the DGI and (2) the accuracy of predicting falls and establishing a cutoff point to identify fallers.

Design

This trial was a multicenter, cross-sectional study.

Methods

A convenience sample was composed of 81 people with multiple sclerosis with subjective gait and balance impairment who were able to walk 100 m (comparable to Expanded Disability Status Scale 1–6). Mean age of the participants was 49 years; 76% were women. The 25-Foot Timed Walk Test, Timed “Up & Go” Test, Four Square Step Test, Timed Sit-to-Stand Test, MS Walking Scale, Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale, and self-reported falls during the previous 2 months were used for validation, to establish cutoff points for identifying fallers, and to investigate predictive values.

Results

Significantly lower DGI scores (P≤.001) were found for participants reporting falls (n=31). High sensitivity (87%) in identifying fallers was found, with a cutoff score ≤19. The positive predictive value was 50%, and the negative predictive value was 87%. The positive likelihood ratio was 1.77, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.26. The convergent validity was moderate to strong (ρ=0.58–0.80), with the highest correlation coefficient found for the 25-Foot Timed Walk Test. Discriminant validity was shown with low correlation for the psychological subscale of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale.

Limitations

The sample included ambulatory people participating in a randomized controlled trial investigating balance training.

Conclusions

The DGI is a valid measure of dynamic balance during walking for ambulatory people with multiple sclerosis. With the cutoff point of ≤19, sensitivity was high in identifying people at risk of falls.
Comparative Kinematic and Electromyographic Assessment of Clinician- and Device-Assisted Sit-to-Stand Transfers in Patients With Stroke
Authors: Burnfield Judith M. , McCrory Bernadette , Shu Yu , Buster Thad W. , Taylor Adam P. , Goldman Amy J.
Published: May 2013

Background

Workplace injuries from patient handling are prevalent. With the adoption of no-lift policies, sit-to-stand transfer devices have emerged as one tool to combat injuries. However, the therapeutic value associated with sit-to-stand transfers with the use of an assistive apparatus cannot be determined due to a lack of evidence-based data.

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare clinician-assisted, device-assisted, and the combination of clinician- and device-assisted sit-to-stand transfers in individuals who recently had a stroke.

Design

This cross-sectional, controlled laboratory study used a repeated-measures design.

Methods

The duration, joint kinematics, and muscle activity of 4 sit-to-stand transfer conditions were compared for 10 patients with stroke. Each patient performed 4 randomized sit-to-stand transfer conditions: clinician-assisted, device-assisted with no patient effort, device-assisted with the patient’s best effort, and device- and clinician-assisted.

Results

Device-assisted transfers took nearly twice as long as clinician-assisted transfers. Hip and knee joint movement patterns were similar across all conditions. Forward trunk flexion was lacking and ankle motion was restrained during device-assisted transfers. Encouragement and guidance from the clinician during device-assisted transfers led to increased lower extremity muscle activation levels.

Limitations

One lifting device and one clinician were evaluated. Clinician effort could not be controlled.

Conclusions

Lack of forward trunk flexion and restrained ankle movement during device-assisted transfers may dissuade clinicians from selecting this device for use as a dedicated rehabilitation tool. However, with clinician encouragement, muscle activation increased, which suggests that it is possible to safely practice transfers while challenging key leg muscles essential for standing. Future sit-to-stand devices should promote safety for the patient and clinician and encourage a movement pattern that more closely mimics normal sit-to-stand biomechanics.
Immune status in infection by cytomegalovirus in women with bad obstetric history
Authors: Acharya D , Shrestha S , Bogati B , Sherchan JB , Karki P , Yadav A , Madhup SK , Tuladhar NR
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Viral infections during pregnancy carry a risk for intrauterine transmission which may result in fetal damage. Bad obstetric history implies for previous unfavorable foetal outcome in terms of two or more consecutive spontaneous abortions, history of intrauterine foetal death, intrauterine growth retardation, still birth, early neonatal death and congenital anomalies. Cytomegalovirus, a ubiquitous virus belonging to the herpes family, is known to cause abnormal fetal outcome. We aim to determine the possible involvement of CMV infection among pregnant women with bad obstetric history Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 136 women with bad obstetric outcome attending Dhulikhel Hospital- Kathmandu University Hospital. The cytomegalovirus specific IgG and IgM antibodies were determined by ELISA test. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 17.0 and interpreted according to frequency distribution and percentage. The data was considered significant if the p-value was <0.05. Results: The results revealed that 87 (63.9%) out of 136 patients were positive for CMV IgG antibodies and only one (0.007%) patient was positive for CMV IgM. The majority of the patients were of the age between 20 and 29 years (99/136) and it was observed that most of the positive CMV IgG were participants of the same age group (63/ 99). There was no significant association of CMV seropositivity with the age of participants (p value 0.9). Conclusion: CMV infection could be the risk factor for BOH and may play a vital role in determining the foetal outcome. Thus we recommend routine serological testing to all pregnant women with or without BOH attending the antenatal clinics for both CMV specific IgG and IgM. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i1.7663 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(1):3-6
Study on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in calves and HIV infected humans in the periphery of river basins of Kathmandu valley
Authors: Paudyal S , Karna SR , Khatiwada SJ , Joshi LR , Tiwari A , Shrestha SP
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Cryptosporidium is an important zoonotic pathogen transmitted primarily through water. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in calves and humans in relation to the river water in the river basins of Kathmandu. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from Sept 2012 to Feb 2013. A total of 100 fecal samples (50 calves and 50 HIV/AIDS patients living near the river basins of Kathmandu) were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium by Ziehl-Neelsen Staining technique after Modified Sheather concentration method with centrifugation. Results: Overall 32% calves and 18% humans were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts, calves having higher chances of being infected than humans (P < 0.05). The prevalence was higher in Manohara River basin than Bagmati River basin (P >0.05). Among calves, the samples from Manohara periphery had higher prevalence than Bagmati periphery (P< 0.05). Likewise, the prevalence was higher in 4-6 months aged calves (P < 0.05) and in males (P < 0.05). Among the human samples, the females were at lower risk (odds ratio, 0.44) and 0-20 years of age group had highest prevalence (P < 0.05). Humans from periphery of Manohara were at higher risk than from Bagmati (Odds ratio, 4.94). Conclusions: Cryptosporidium has been identified in calves and HIV/AIDS patients residing in the periphery of Manohara and Bagmati river basins of Kathmandu valley suggesting the occurrence of zoonotic transmission. Cryptosporidiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for the case of diarrhea in humans and domestic animals. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i1.8002 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(1):7-11
Chlamydia trachomatis detection in HIV infected patients using polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Shrestha A , Adhikari N , Shah Y , Poudel P , Acharya B , Pandey BD
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted organism and causes important public health problem in the sexually active age group. Limited studies are found regarding the prevalence of C. trachomatis in Nepal. Moreover, currently there are no any study in Nepal reporting the association of chlamydia and HIV infection. This study attempts to determine the burden of chlamydia on HIV positive patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 117 HIV positive patients visiting a HIV clinic in Kathmandu, were screened for chlamydia infection. For this, urine samples were collected and analyzed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique (PCR). Results: C. trachomatis was detected in 4.2% of the total 117 HIV patients. Out of positive cases 60% were males and 40% were females. However, chlamydia was found more prevalent among females (6.8%) than males (3.4%). Eighty percent of positive cases were asymptomatic. Conclusions: Although, the prevalence of chlamydia infection was found less HIV patients, most of those cases were asymptomatic. Therefore, routine checkup is recommended for all suspected cases for timely management of the disease. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i1.8003 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(1):12-16
Seroprevalence of brucellosis in different animal species of Kailali district, Nepal
Authors: Pandeya YR , Joshi DD , Dhakal S , Ghimire L , Mahato BR , Chaulagain S , Satyal RC , Sah SK
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Brucellosis is a contagious disease of livestock with significant economic impact. It is also a zoonotic disease, highly infectious for humans causing a disease called undulant fever or Malta fever. This study was carried out to determine the sero-status of Brucella spp. infection in cattle (cows), buffalo and goat in Kailali district of Far Western Region of Nepal. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kailali district of Nepal during a period from September, 2012 to January, 2013. A total of 233 animal blood samples (50 Cattle, 67 Buffalo and 116 Goat) were collected and tested for Brucella antibody by plate agglutination test (PAT). Results: The seroprevalence of Brucellosis was 12% (28/233). Thirty two percentage (16/50) of cattle, 13.4% (9/67) of buffaloes, and 2.6% (3/113) goats were sero positive (p<0.05). Seroprevalence was higher in females (14.6% vs. 10.6%) (P>0.05) and was higher in younger cattles and older buffalo and goats (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that brucellosis exists as a potential threat in animals of Kailali district. This could be a potential source of infection to humans. Considering the high economic losses it can impart on livestock sector and the possible human health abnormalities, timely facilitation of awareness generation program and adoption of proper prevention and control strategies are recommended. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i1.8005 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(1):22-25
Modern Drama Studies: An Annual Bibliography
Authors: Brown Sharon
Published: May 2013

1994 marks the beginning of the third decade of publication of Modern Drama Studies: An Annual Bibliography. The basic principles and limitations described in the June 1984 issue remain the same, as does its primary objective, which is to record current scholarship, criticism, and commentary that may prove valuable to students of dramatic literature and, to a lesser extent, of theatre history. The bibliography embraces all the expected areas and topics of modem world drama, including playwrights who lived past 1899 (plus Becque) and influential theatre figures other than performers. Reviews, reprinted books, unpublished theses, and graduate-student periodicals are generally excluded. The annual bibliography also serves as a supplement to Charles Carpenter's Modern Drama Scholarship and Criticism 1966-1980: An International Bibliography (University of Toronto Press, 1986).
Removing the Veils: Censorship, Female Sexuality, and Oscar Wilde's Salome
Authors: Lewsadder Mathew
Published: May 2013

In studies of Oscar Wilde's play Salome, it is de rigueur to note that the play was refused a license for production in 1892 because it violated the ban of plays based upon biblical subjects. Continuing this account, we might recall Wilde's empty threat that he would move to France if the play was not licensed and the English press's titillation at the prospect of Wilde being subject to military service as a French citizen. We might also rehearse Wilde's indignant self-defense through aestheticism. Accusing the Examiner of Plays, Edward F.S. Pigott, of "pander[ing] to the vulgarity and hypocrisy of the English people", Wilde righteously smoldered at Pigott's philistinism… Undoubtedly, such observations make interesting footnotes and engaging openings to essays; having participated in this wonted citation of the more piquant moments in the initial censorship of Salome, I would like to consider at length the salacity of Salome herself and the even more scandalous history of the play's censorship from 1892 to 1931.
"In the Gripe of the Ditch": Nationalism, Famine, and The Playboy of the Western World
Authors: Cusak George
Published: May 2013

The first description audiences receive of Christy Mahon, the dubious hero of Synge's The Playboy of the Western World, is one well suited to, but not often associated with, epic heroism. Entering his fiancee's house from the "great darkness" of an Irish night, the cowardly Shawn Keogh describes a figure he passed on the road, "a kind of fellow above in the furzy ditch, groaning wicked like a maddening dog". The image should be a familiar one to modern readers, and would be no less so to Synge's audience; a lone figure lying in a ditch in the Irish countryside, moaning to the point of being subhuman is one of the most commonly used symbols of the Great Famine. The connection between Synge's hero and the Famine, perhaps the most significant and signified period in Irish history, is no accident. Rather, it is the opening move in a carefully wrought satire of Irish nationalism as formulated by the Gaelic Revival. By using Famine imagery in a peasant comedy, Synge brings together two well-worn but mutually exclusive representations of Ireland: the bastion of a vital and heroic culture and the land stricken with eternal suffering. Throughout Playboy, Synge plays these two models of Ireland against each other to demonstrate that the perpetuation of both models in the rhetoric of the Gaelic Revival undermines the very premise of revolutionary nationalism.
Life Goes On: Endgame as Anti-Pastoral Elegy
Authors: Hamilton Geoff
Published: May 2013

Pastoral poetry is said to have begun more than two millennia ago with Theocritus, the subdivision called the pastoral elegy born along with it in that poet's first Idyll, where Thyrsis laments the death of Daphnis. The representation of shepherds in a Golden Age, humble but empowered by song, was thus linked with death and mourning from the start. Other subjects and devices associated with pastoral, including the life of dignified ease known as otium, the singing match between shepherds, and the allegorical representation of eminent figures, were employed by Theocritus and taken up by generations of poets, dramatists, and prose writers in a tradition that includes, at its most sublime heights in English, the work of Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton, and Shelley. Yeats may have written of the death of the "woods of Arcady" in the late nineteenth century (relying upon the genre itself, of course, to announce its obsolescence), but the pastoral has lived on, even when, as in T. S. Eliot's "The Waste Land," Ted Hughes's The Hawk ill the Rain, or certain of the novels of Don DeLillo, it is an inverted, mock, or anti-pastoral. The imaginative connection of human suffering, perceptions of loss, and songs of hope and consolation with natural cycles of creation and destruction is, apparently, fecund enough to prolong the elegiac strand of the tradition for another few millennia, even if, as poets of the wasteland have demonstrated, nature is degraded far enough in our real and imaginary worlds to make savage irony the last keynote of pastoral themes.
Adaptation After Darwin: Timberlake Wertenbaker's Evolving Texts
Authors: Freeman Sara
Published: May 2013

After Darwin, Timberlake Wertenbaker's play about the effect of Charles Darwin's theories of evolution on late-twentieth-century social assumptions and moral imperatives, opened 8 July 1998 at the Hampstead Theatre in London. Manuscript evidence shows, however, that Wertenbaker had been chewing on ideas about how cultural hybridity, gender roles, and recent political upheavals interact with Darwin's theories for more than a decade. In the late 1980s she wrote a play also titled "After Darwin," which is unpublished, unproduced, and previously undiscussed in criticism. Read together, the two plays are revelatory because though they are concerned with the same issues and conflicts, they are wildly different. An exploration of the relationship between the two plays — what differs and what survives in the evolution of Wertenbaker's texts — pinpoints the overall shift in Wertenbaker's work from an emphasis on gender to a focus on culture. Like the typescript, earlier plays in her oeuvre, notably New Anatomies (1981), Case to Answer (1980), and The Grace of Mary Traverse (1985) are propelled by gender analysis. Later plays like Our Country's Good (1988) and her most recent plays, After Darwin and Credible Witness (2001), probe colonialism and the interaction of cultures. This article compares Wertenbaker's 1998 After Darwin with the earlier typescript titled "After Darwin," and the comparison yields useful insight into Wertenbaker's changing worldview, as well as her development of structure, character, and theme.
Amputation, Phantom Limbs, and Spectral Agency in Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus and Normand Chaurette's Les Reines
Authors: Huffman Shawn
Published: May 2013

Sensation and the understanding of sensation in the light of the phantom limb phenomenon open a window onto a particular realm of perception that has not yet been explored in theatre criticism. The idea that the senses can be ghosted offers valuable new insight into the study of those cases where perception and action are articulated within a "remove" caused by amputation.
Masks of Language, Culture, and Community: "Sweet Revenge" in Marie Laberge's Le Night Cap Barl
Authors: Cargano Cara
Published: May 2013

When Quebecoise playwright Marie Laberge premiered Le Night Cap Bar in Montreal in 1987. most critics compared it unfavorably to her earlier work, calling it a mere "thriller policier," with none of the "social and psychological import" of her earlier plays (Hart). For many, the play 's very genre seemed to diminish its importance, suggesting that its status as a murder mystery reduced its capacity for serious discourse: Marianne Ackerman referred to "a minor genre straining to be something else." Critic Bruno Dostie, however, called Le Night Cap Bar Laberge's "sweet revenge" for the lukewarm critical reception in Montreal of an earlier play.) I find Dostie's term, however unintentionally, particularly felicitous; the play is threaded through with revenge on every level, and Laberge's thriller, far from being minor, depends on the thriller genre itself to accomplish a multilevel revenge for much more than the unenthusiastic critical response to which Dostie refers.
Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of rhabdoid glioblastoma
Authors: Babu Ranjith , Hatef Jeffrey , McLendon Roger E. , Cummings Thomas J. , Sampson John H. , Friedman Allan H. , Adamson Cory
Published: May 2013

Object

Rhabdoid glioblastoma (GB) is an exceedingly rare tumor in which some of the tumor cells possess rhabdoid features such as eccentric nuclei, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, and pseudopapillary formations. These tumors are exceptionally aggressive, and leptomeningeal dissemination is common. In the 9 previously reported cases, the longest survival was only 9 months, with a median survival of 17.8 weeks. The authors report the clinicopathological characteristics of 4 cases of rhabdoid GB and demonstrate the utility of intensive temozolomide and adjuvant therapy in these tumors. The authors also review the literature to provide the most comprehensive understanding of these rare tumors to date.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of patients treated for GB at the Duke University Medical Center between 2004 and 2012. One of two experienced neuropathologists identified 4 cases as being rhabdoid GBs. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses were performed in all cases. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess overall survival, with the log-rank test being used to evaluate differences between survival curves. An extensive review of the literature was also performed.

Results

The median age of patients with rhabdoid GB was 30 years. Clinical presentation varied with location, with headache being a presenting symptom in 90% of patients. All lesions were supratentorial, and 45.5% of the cases involved the temporal lobe. Leptomeningeal dissemination occurred in 63.6% of patients, with 1 patient having extracranial metastasis to the scalp and lungs. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed epidermal growth factor receptor gain or amplification in all study cases. The median survival in the authors' cohort was significantly higher than that of all previously reported cases (27.5 vs 4.5 months, p = 0.003). Postoperative treatment in the authors' cohort included radiotherapy with concurrent temozolomide, bevacizumab, interleukin 13, CCNU, and/or etoposide.

Conclusions

Enhanced survival in the authors' 4 patients suggests that the current standard of care for the treatment of GB may be beneficial in rhabdoid GB cases, with postoperative radiotherapy and concomitant temozolomide treatment followed by adjuvant therapy. Due to the rapid tumor dissemination associated with these lesions, aggressive and timely therapy is warranted, with frequent surveillance and/or continued therapy despite stable disease. Additionally, patients should undergo full craniospinal imaging to monitor the development of distant metastatic disease.
L'évolution du cadre de travail et des compétences requises des forestiers neuchâtelois (essai)
Authors: Pfund Jean-Laurent , Farron Léonard , Piaget Sylvain , Pochon Antoine
Published: May 2013

Development of working conditions and skill requirements for foresters in the canton of Neuchâtel (essay)

The framework conditions for foresters are influenced both by changes in the administration and by the ever more important relationship between the world of the forester and the worlds of specialists from other ecologically oriented disciplines or those concerned with management of natural areas. Forestry training generally suits the needs and structures of the Neuchâtel cantonal service for wildlife, forests and nature, but must imperatively take into account its need to be open to biological disciplines as well as to the administrative and legal aspects of land use planning. The continuing education organised inside the service plays a vital role and is based on certain forest values which are also easily accessible to colleagues from other disciplines.
Waldpolitischer Jahresrückblick 2012
Authors: Zimmermann Willi
Published: May 2013

Annual review of Swiss forest policy 2012

Swiss national forest policy in 2012 was marked by the enactment of the revised Forest Law as well as preparations for the changes in the related Forest Ordinance. No new directions have emerged in the routine forest relevant tasks of the Parliament, Federal Council and the Public Administration. Exceptions to this trend were the numerous parliamentary interventions about the forest and timber industry. In addition, the number of Federal Court decisions about forest legal issues has slightly increased this year. In the policy fields related to forest policy, the passage of the Second Apartment Initiative and the revision of the Land-Use Law brought new angles into land-use policy. In terms of biodiversity policy, the Federal Council's approval of the Biodiversity Strategy Switzerland has set the stage for its implementation. Finally, the reorganization of Swiss energy policy has become the new dominant topic on the political agenda. The Federal Council has accomplished the related preparations for the new energy policy and has submitted its Energy Strategy 2050 for consultation.
Multicentric Castleman Disease - An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Chakravarti Arunabha , Mishra Meenakshi , Nangia Anita , Sahni Jatinder Kumar
Published: May 2013

Castleman disease is a rare clinicopathological disorder associated with lymphoproliferation. We report the case of a 54 year old gentleman initially presenting with dysphagia followed by bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy, and later diagnosed as multicentric Castleman disease. To the best of our knowledge no case of Castleman disease presenting as dysphagia along with neck swelling has been previously described in the literature. This case report highlights a very unusual presentation of this rare disease. It also provides insight into the fact that because of the lack of any specific presenting symptoms and distinguishing radiographic features, an accurate histopathologic diagnosis and careful staging become crucial to planning treatment for this disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i1.12041 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(1): 53-57
Otolaryngology and head-neck surgery: its areas of expertise (Subspecialties)
Authors: Ahmed Khabir Uddin , Sinha Nanda Kishore
Published: May 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i1.14856Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(1): 1-3
Ontology of the Diagram and Biopolitics of Philosophy. A Research Programme on Transdisciplinarity
Authors: Alliez Éric
Published: May 2013

In this article, the diagram is used to chart the movement from Deleuze's transcendental empiricism and engagement with structuralism in the 1960s to Deleuze and Guattari's ethico-aesthetic constructivism of the 1970s and 1980s. This is shown to culminate in a biopolitical critique and decoding of philosophy, which is part of the unfolding of a transdisciplinary research programme where art is seen to come ontologically ahead of philosophy.
Molecular Motors and Apical CFTR Traffic in Epithelia
Authors: Kravtsov Dmitri , Ameen Nadia
Published: May 2013

Intracellular protein traffic plays an important role in the regulation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) chloride channels. Microtubule and actin-based motor proteins direct CFTR movement along trafficking pathways. As shown for other regulatory proteins such as adaptors, the involvement of protein motors in CFTR traffic is cell-type specific. Understanding motor specificity provides insight into the biology of the channel and opens opportunity for discovery of organ-specific drug targets for treating CFTR-mediated diseases.
A Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Dispirooxindole Derivatives via a Three-Component 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: He Jun , Ouyang Guang , Yuan Zhixiang , Tong Rongsheng , Shi Jianyou , Ouyang Liang
Published: May 2013

An efficient synthesis of novel dispirooxindoles has been achieved through three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ by the decarboxylative condensation of isatin and an α-amino acid with the dipolarophile 5-benzylideneimidazolidine-2,4-dione. The improved procedure features mild reaction conditions, high yields, high diastereoselectivities, a one-pot procedure and operational simplicity.
Petit élu deviendra grand... ?
Authors: Rossini Nathalie
Published: May 2013

Les conseils municipaux d’enfants et de jeunes existent en France depuis 1979. Visant une initiation à la citoyenneté, ils offrent à des jeunes d’une tranche d’âge définie de venir réfléchir, proposer et agir sur leur commune, dès lors qu’ils auront été élus par leurs pairs pour cela. Il est alors tentant de se demander si ces petits élus sont amenés à en devenir de grands. Pourtant, la connaissance dont on peut aujourd’hui faire état sur cet objet, montre que les effets du conseil sur les jeunes qui l’ont vécu sont plus riches et plus complexes que cela. Moins que d’amener ces jeunes à ce type de reproduction mimétique, les conseils sont peut-être davantage un espace d’expérience personnelle et sociale dont ils sont avant tout acteurs.
L’organisation des conseils d’enfants et de jeunes auprès des municipalités en Hongrie
Authors: Trencsényi Imre
Published: May 2013

La batalla de los partidos políticos en Hungría generó una situación socioeconómica difícil y conflictiva, la cual ha provocado un desafecto y el repliegue de los jóvenes. En 1992, una Comuna y luego varias otras, tuvieron la iniciativa de crear un Consejo Comunal de Niños y de Jóvenes, Consejos que guardan cierta simílitud con el ejemplo francés. De este modo, nació la Asociación para promover los Consejos de Jóvenes en las Comunas, estructura dinámica según sus protagonistas. Como lo subraya el autor húngaro, querer desarrollar tantos esfuerzos por la juventud en circunstancias que este país fragilizado está aún en sus balbuceos, no sería simplemente un voto piadoso ?
Adolescents, grands enfants, jeunes adultes et les prestations familiales
Authors: Steck Philippe
Published: May 2013

The 18-25 year old stratum is changing both through negative elements (family crisis, high youth unemployment) and more positive elements, such as the progress in schooling. Young people remain at home with their families for longer and have a very positive attitude towards them.

Should young people be encouraged towards greater autonomy by giving them a special social status or by better supporting their family ? The autor opts for the second solution as a more pragmatic line to take. This requires the "enactment" of the family law of 25 July 1994 which at the end of the five year plan schedules an increase to 22 years of the age limitas a family dependent.

He also wonders about providing new benefits to older children, which would be a near equivalent to the chil- drens' allowance for the under 3's. He considers that our family policy should have two "peaks" : early childhood and the zone adolescent-older children, young adults.
De l'initiation aux pratiques artistiques
Authors: Mayol Pierre
Published: May 2013

Do cultural activities replace traditional initiation ? If so, how ? What is initiation ? Does it still have a symbolic function in modern society ? Rather than an artificial superposing between initiation and culture, this article suggests a route which starting with a statement (some cultural uses of the term «initiation») leads from initiation/requiring definition (separation, hardships, social inclusion) to artistic expressions. He takes into consideration the new socialisation engendered by cultural practice (especially in musical activities : classical, rock) which are perhaps, for young people a relay to initiation.
La jeunesse en Europe : de la compétence à la performance
Authors: Le Bras Hervé
Published: May 2013

When youth is examined from the angle of the social differences arising from gender, the diversity of European youth becomes easier to understand. During the time lapse stretching from puberty to the conception of a first child, women and, by association, men, play out a decisive game. Their goal is to attain true equality which will henceforth define them as adults, before assuming their respective sexual roles : "one is the other" before "XY" to use the terms adopted by E Badinter. The duration of their studies, their sexuality, access to the work market, establishment of a couple and the decision to conceive all pivot around this goal while taking on very different configurations from one country to another, especially in terms of East to West and North to South, as demonstrated by statistical observations.
Nouveaux modèles de transition et d'exclusion sociale de la jeunesse au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Mac Donald Robert
Published: May 2013

Studies of the economic restructuring of the UK and other Western societies suggest that post-Fordist economies will be typified by increases in the numbers of workers unemployed or sub-employed in casual, informal, peripheral, non-standard jobs. Clearly the future working lives of many young people will be radically different from those of their parent generation, as full emploment in regular, relatively permanent jobs give way to more insecure and risky working lives. Some of the social problems that have accompanied the facturing of previous youth transitions are reviewed and the idea that such problems are indicative of the emergence of a deviant, anti-social, anti-work underclass introduced. The focus is upon Teeside in the North-east of England : a locality which reveals these broad social and economic transformations in the most dramatic way. Four themes which might inform future research on marginal youth transitions and social exclusion in the UK are outlined and, in conclusion, some of the implications of these changes for intergenerational relations are discussed.
Jeunes générations : de l'ère industrielle à la post-modernité !
Authors: Lagrée Jean-Charles
Published: May 2013

Periodically, but with an undeniable constancy, societies re-stage the eternal debate on the question of generations. Inheritance, property transfers, relations, but also cultural transmission and the reproduction of social order or as is frequently the case nowadays, generation as a force of change, the word conceals numerous approaches. This paper addresses the question of generations with regard to the transformations of the system of values of modern societies. According to R.lnglehart, post-materialistic values are progressively winning over from materialistic values. At the heart of this process which is taking place with implacable force : the renewal of generations. But isn't there a risk of confusing cohort and generation when scorning the «social differences» which profoundly divide and differentiate those who have nothing more in common than being born during the same period.
Générations et changement social dans le Mezzogiorno italien
Authors: Leccardi Carmen
Published: May 2013

In diesem Artikel wird besonders über die Beziehungen zwischen den Generationen in einer benachteiligten Region des Mezzogiornos in Italien, und zwar Kala- brien, berichtet. In diesem modernisierten sozialen Umfeld, das aber durch eine strukturelle wirtschaftliche Schwäche gekennzeichnet ist, bestehen kontrastvolle kulturelle Welten, traditionelle und moderne, nebeneinander. Dort jung sein und gross werden bedeutet also, die Ungewissheiten der Modernität mit den überlieferten Gewissheiten der Vergangenheit zu mischen. Ein wichtiger Orientierungspunkt diesbezüglich für die Jugendlichen ist die Vitalität der Familie als Institution sowie die Stärke ihres Gedächtnisses.
Poursuivre des études : une norme de génération
Authors: Galland Olivier
Published: May 2013

Angesichts der Fragen über den Wert und die Nützlichkeit der Diplome sind die Angaben über die berufliche Integration der Studenten eher beruhigend. Ein nicht unwesentlicher Teil von Studenten hat jedoch kein Vertrauen im Wert der Ausbildung, die sie erhalten haben. Es stimmt, dass die Studenten nicht unbedingt gut informiert sind und dass ihre Situationen sehr heterogen sind. Die « Nützlichkeit »-Motivationen scheinen jedenfalls nicht der erste Grund der Wahl des Studiums zu sein. Andererseits bietet das « Studentenleben » als solches genügend Reize an, um ein wichtiger Grund der Studium verlängerung zu bilden.
Un rêve a pris corps
Authors: Ziri Myriam
Published: May 2013

La adhesión de los estudiantes a sus estudios es tan fuerte que los consideran como una etapa necesaria de su existencia y eso, a pesar de las dificultades que encuentran en ellos. Intenta comprender un analista como el deseo de los padres ha venido a ser la elección del joven. Más allá de la obligación, incluso más allá del placer de estudiar, han sabido hacer posible e infundir el deseo de estudiar ; han transmitido un proyecto. Quizás no dure esa inversión de los estudios por los jóvenes. Sepamos entonces ver en ello una suerte para la sociedad toda entera.
Qu'est-ce que "Croire"?
Authors: Mayol Pierre
Published: May 2013

Cet article interroge les diverses fonctions sociales du verbe « croire » (hypothèse, crédit, crédulité, croyance, foi) en insistant plus particulièrement sur la fonction religieuse, objet de ce dossier, et dégage leur racine commune (surtout dans la sphère chrétienne). Il constate un écart entre les croyances, comme contenu des traditions, et la foi, qui est leur expression personnalisée. La fonction essentielle du « croire » est d'anticiper une réalité absente. La crédulité comble cette absence avec des signes qui donnent l'illusion de la présence, d'où le recours fréquent aux sciences occultes. Face à ces problématiques, les jeunes sont majoritairement agnostiques ou indifférents. Quant à ceux qui s'affirment croyants, ils accordent plus d'importance aux témoignages qu'aux traditions, et certains sont attirés par les dérives sectaires.
Rave new world
Authors: Rioche Anne
Published: May 2013

La musique Techno s'est développée dans un contexte politique et socio-économique de fin de siècle, pour devenir une véritable contre- culture à la fin des années 90. Ce mouvement réaffirme le sens social par le biais de ses rencontres collectives, les raves. Il est pourtant qualifié d'«amoral» par le courant postmoderniste puisqu'il serait l'anéantissement de la signification de la morale, culture, règles de la société, institutions, plutôt q'une forme de résistance1. De par leur cadre symbolique et leur pure recherche de plaisir, ces soirées semblent illustrer un retour du sacré, une quête spirituelle chez ses jeunes participants.
"Sortir !" L’imaginaire social des conduites festives
Authors: Nahoum-Grappe Véronique
Published: May 2013

Qu’est-ce que l’on croit que l’on fait quand on veut "s’amuser" ? Quel est le programme implicite de "la fête" telle qu’elle est imaginée comme réussie, ou ratée, dans notre société contemporaine ? Qu’est-ce que rêve et anticipe le jeune qui claque la porte familiale en clamant : "je sors !" ? Cet article propose de réfléchir aux formes festives contemporaines et à leur évolution parfois invisible sous nos yeux, à partir d’une brève récapitulation des formes festives héritées de notre histoire. La tendance croissante à une moindre ritualisation collective des gestes et dispositifs festifs, produit une sorte de dérive particulière, où les frontières entre une manière de traîner et de multiplier les mobilités (projet d’aller ici ou là) et le temps de la fête elle-même deviennent floues : "faire la fête" constitue alors une sorte de performance déprogrammée où les acteurs doivent inventer au fur et à mesure de la nuit, leur "clou", leur aventure collective propre.
Pourquoi étudier, en effet ?
Authors: Karsz Saül
Published: May 2013

Question explicitement adressée aux élèves et étudiants, elle concerne tout autant les maîtres et formateurs, les centres de formation, les familles, les institutions... Deux distinctions s’avèrent nécessaires : entre étudier et faire des études ; entre l’objet et le sens des études. Dans tous les cas, étudier ou ne pas étudier est une décision individuelle prise en société et vis-à-vis d’une société.
Les pratiques de loisirs des 13-18 ans
Authors: Bonnafont Gérard
Published: May 2013

Die freitzeitbeschäftigung der 12-18 järigen.

Zwischen den Vorstellungen der Erwachsenen über die Freizeitgestaltung der Jugendlichen, den Wünschen der Jugendlichen und ihren wirklichen Freizeitbeschäftigungen herrschen solche Abstände und Verständnislosigkeiten, dass es notwendig war, ein Orientierungsinstrument zu finden. Die Analyse der Freizeitbeschäftigungen der Jugendlichen schlägt ein Prüfungsraster der Beschäftigungen und der Verhaltensweisen der 13-18jährigen vor. Dieses Raster ordnet die verschiedenen Beschäftigungsarten, individuelle und kollektive, und versucht das Strukturelle des Jugendalters vom Konjunkturellen zu unterscheiden. Als Diagnoseinstrument kann es von jeder Person oder Institution benutzt werden, die «ihre Jugendlichen» einschätzen und die Kohärenz zwischen ihrem Angebot und der Nachfrage überprüfen möchte. Dieses Raster kann aber auch als Entscheidungshilfe dienen und zwar im Bereich der Raumordnung, der Umweltgestaltung, der Sozialpolitik und aller anderen Aktionen zugunsten der Jugend.
Des jeunes parlent de leurs vacances
Authors: Raux Aude
Published: May 2013

Que font les jeunes pendant leurs vacances, où vont-ils, quand, avec qui, pendant combien de temps et comment font-ils pour se payer ces vacances ? Ces questions ne pouvaient recevoir meilleure réponse qu’en les posant aux jeunes eux-mêmes. Aussi, pendant le mois de février, une vingtaine de garçons et de filles, rencontrés dans le cadre de l’opération •Sac Ados” proposée par l’association Vacances ouvertes 1, ont été interviewés sur ce thème des vacances. Âgés de 15 à 26 ans, ils fréquentent tous une structure d’animation locale (centre social, MJC, service jeunesse d’une municipalité, mission locale ou encore association) et sont issus en général de la classe moyenne. Leur niveau d’étude est variable : Lycée (de la seconde à la terminale), Bac pro, BEP, BTS, 1ère année de faculté. Certains sont inscrits à l’ANPE et quelques-uns vivent de petits boulots. Enfin, ils viennent aussi bien de zones urbaines que rurales : Paris et sa banlieue, les régions de Beauvais, Le Puy, Vienne, Maubeuge, ou encore Bordeaux.
Vacances autonomes : projets et contreparties
Authors: Rigalleau Michèle
Published: May 2013

Vacances autonomes Autonome Ferien : Projekte und Gegenleistungen.

Um 15-25 jährigen Jugendlichen dabei zu helfen, mit eigenen Mitteln in Urlaub zu gehen, sind seit etwa zehn Jahren lokale Stipendiumvorrichtungen entstanden. Über die grosse Vielfalt der Zusammenstellungen hinaus, hier einige Gemeinsamkeiten : die Unterstützung bei der Vorbereitung, die Vergabe einer finanziellen Hilfe und die pädagogische Zielsetzung der Autonomie. Diese Zielsetzungen konfrontieren die Fachleute mit einer neuen Problematik : -neue Kompetenzen werden von ihnen verlangt. -Die Pädagogik der Autonomie steht im Widerspruch zu der Subventionspraxis : nach einigen Abweichungen versucht man die Jugendlichen in einem Austauschprozess einzubinden indem man mit ihnen Gegenleistungen verhandelt oder gar kleine Arbeiten schafft, was an alle Fragen stellt über die Verordnungsstruktur, die weiterzuentwickeln ist, und über die Wiederinfragestellung der Abhängigkeitsschaffenden.
La fête dans les réseaux de télécommunication : l'Homo Aestheticus Telematicus
Authors: Casalegno Federico
Published: May 2013

Festejar en las redes de comunicacion.

Podemos festejar en este mundo real, pero también en un segundo mundo, el virtual, comunmente llamado ciberespacio. Aquí el hombre está libre de las imposiciones sociales y las coacciones físicas del espacio y el tiempo ; Su cuerpo biológico desaparece para reaparecer bajo una forma desmaterializada en las redes de comunicación. Las formas de convivencia y efervescencia colectiva cambian respecto a las que conocemos. El cibernauta puede formar comunidades y juntarse a otras personas que compartan los mismos centros de interés : Se asiste así a la formación de comu-nidades de fuerte dominante enfática. Nos enfrentamos en este fin de siglo a una nueva forma de socialidad que se desarrolla en sinergia con el desarrollo tecnológico. He recalcado aquí algunas pistas antes de reflexionar sobre esta tecno-socialidad y este hombre nuevo que vive e interactúa en el ciberespacio y a quien he definido como Homo Aestheticus Telematicus.
Faire de l’argent... mais pas à tout prix
Authors: Cossée Claire , Robert Christophe
Published: May 2013

L’illégitimité assignée aux manières de «faire de l’argent» des Tsiganes et Voyageurs, trouve en partie son origine dans la méconnaissance des activités valorisées. Dépassant la seule vision économiciste, l’étude de ces pratiques rend compte du caractère indissociable de la sphère économique et des sociabilités familiales et communautaires. Souplesse et liberté d’organisation, absence de notion de carrière, apprentissage familial informel, prodigalité sont autant de réalités qui s’opposent à la réglementation et à la rationalisation croissantes. Dans ce contexte socio-économique qui affecte leurs pratiques productives, les familles se positionnent de façon diversifiée, notamment vis-àvis de l’école et des dispositifs d’insertion.
Les jeunes et l’approche du marché du travail
Authors: Meron Monique , Thiesset Christine
Published: May 2013

Los jóvenes y el acercamiento al mercado laboral -

Los jóvenes tienen una visión que permanece clásica hacia el empleo que desean. Su opinión, en parte condicionada por el entorno familiar, se va formando en función de las experiencias adquiridas. A priori están los estudiantes abiertos a ciertas flexibilidades. Con la vida en pareja, los jóvenes tienen apego en seguir librando domingos y noches. Los menos diplomados y los parados aspiran a una seguridad en el empleo, pero se muestran menos exigentes en sus condiciones laborales. La estabilidad en el empleo va a la par con la vida de pareja, la antigüedad en el mercado laboral y algunas señales de inserción en el entorno social. En una perspectiva de aquí a diez años, casi un joven de cada dos desea quedarse en la misma región, pero uno de cada tres no se proyecta el porvenir desde el punto de vista profesional.
Explorateurs et éclaireurs : quelques grandes figures (1919-1939)
Authors: Palluau Nicolas
Published: May 2013

De 1919 à 1939, le scoutisme des Eclaireurs de France se déclare proche d’explorateurs célèbres. L’ethnologue Paul-Emile Victor et le naturaliste et paléontologue Henri Lhote se revendiquent de leurs rangs. Les navigations solitaires d’Alain Gerbault trouvent un écho favorable auprès des Eclaireurs. Parvenant à réaliser en grandeur nature ce qui n’est qu’une fiction dans le jeu scout, tous trois y apportent une nouvelle légitimité. Victor et Lhote contribuent à la découverte de nouvelles activités de loisirs pour adolescents.
La fugue comme "enfance de l’aventure"
Authors: Baux-Pociello Elisabeth
Published: May 2013

L’examen clinique de plusieurs dizaines de cas d’enfants fugueurs et réfractaires à l’école a permis de dégager une constance de forme, dans ces échappées urbaines, ainsi que dans les configurations familiales particulières qui les ont produites. A été identifié -durant l’enfanceun facteur prédisposant, sorte de tropisme incitant à la fuite aventureuse, dans la présence d’une figure maternelle omnipotente allant de pair avec la fragilité de la figure du père. Un parallèle a pu être établi avec les biographies de certains grands aventuriers (eux-mêmes fugueurs précoces) permettant de construire une Théorie où l’Aventure trouve une nouvelle interprétation.