bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF THERMAL COEFFICIENT OF LINEAR EXPANSION OF BIOCOMPATIBLE GLASS CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS BASED ON THE SYSTEM Li2O–СaO–ZrO2–TiO2–MgO–ZnO–Al2O3–B2O3–P2O5–SiO2
Authors: Babich Olena , Savvova Oksana , Fesenko Oleksii , Hopko Andrii
Published: May 2024

The prospect of using biocompatible scaffolds with bone tissue architecture to replace large areas of bone tissue has been established. The necessity of creating reinforced porous bioactive glass-crystalline materials, which are operated under conditions of variable loads and characterized by high osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties, has been established. The main criteria for the formation of a reinforced hierarchical porous structure of bioactive glass-crystalline materials under the conditions of heat treatment have been determined. The choice of the system is justified Li2O–СaO–ZrO2–TiO2–MgO–ZnO–Al2O3–B2O3–P2O5–SiO2, within which the compositions of the OS series glasses with the content of the main components and modifying additives are selected, wt. %. %: CaF2 0,5–2,5; CeO2 0,01–0,05; SrO 0,01–0,05; Nb2O3 0,01–0,1; SrO 0,01–0,1  and with the ratio Са:P = 1,67 and SiO2:Li2O = 4,0 and glass-crystalline materials were developed, which are characterized by the content of crystalline phases of hydroxyapatite and lithium disilicate for the formation of a bioactive reinforced structure. The influence of the chemical and phase composition of model glasses on the crystallization ability and thermal properties of glass-crystalline materials based on them was analyzed. It was determined that the indicator TСLЕ indicator for experimental glass materials in the temperature range of 25–600 °С is 78–130,2·10-7°С-1 and is recognized by the type and content of crystalline phases and the composition of the glass phase. It was established that the formation of a sytalized interconnected structure with the presence of 50 vol. % hydroxyapatite and 10 об. % lithium with TСLЕ about 100·10-7°С-1, determines the possibility of obtaining high-quality durable and defect-free porous biocompatible materials and coatings on titanium alloys based on calcium-silicophosphate glass-crystalline materials for creating a single endoprosthesis design. The creation of reinforced nanostructured glass-crystalline materials with a hierarchical porous structure, the ability to withstand thermal loads and the formation of a strong connection with titanium alloys will allow solving the urgent problems of replacing significant areas of bone tissue.
ANALYSIS OF THE PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION OF NATURAL GAS LEAK DETECTION METHODS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR MONITORING AT HTS FACILITIES
Authors: Palieieva Kateryna
Published: May 2024

The activities of the oil and gas industry enterprises, in particular the objects of gas transportation systems (GTS), are accompanied by a significant anthropogenic impact on the environment. The atmospheric air itself is significantly affected, since many technological processes are accompanied by emissions of natural gas (organized, unorganized and emergency) and, as a result, a significant amount of volatile substances, many of which are dangerous and harmful, enter the atmosphere.
There is a wide range of methods for detecting gas leaks from elements of gas transportation systems. Ways of classifying methods directly depend on the features that form the basis of their distribution. However, the insufficient definition of the classification features, their "one-sidedness" do not allow a full assessment of the shortcomings and advantages of certain methods and means, and, therefore, the possibility of their application to increase the effectiveness of atmospheric air monitoring at HTS facilities in order to ensure environmental safety.
The main tasks solved in this article are the formulation of the optimal classification of existing methods of controlling the presence of gas leaks in terms of applicability in environmental monitoring systems of atmospheric air; analysis of their advantages and disadvantages; substantiation of the expediency and perspective of using these means and methods to ensure constant monitoring of the state of atmospheric air at GTS facilities.
A classification of methods and means of control is proposed based on the level of application of technical means, according to which all methods are divided into organoleptic, hardware and computational (software-mathematical). According to the results of the analysis of the data of the groups, it was determined that, from the point of view of the prospects of application in the atmospheric air quality monitoring systems at the GTS facilities, hardware means, namely gas analyzers, have the most advantages.
FEATURES OF PHASE DIAGRAMS OF A TWO-FREQUENCY PENDULUM IN JAN-TELLER POTENTIAL AND HEAT CAPACITY OF WATER
Authors: Malafayev Mikola , Gaponova Olena , Riabova Iryna
Published: May 2024

A simulation of rotational vibrations of a water molecule was carried out using a model of a two-frequency pendulum in a simple Jahn–Teller potential (JTP), which has a minimum potential at a certain angle of deviation of the pendulum from the axis (the bending angle of the intermolecular hydrogen bond of the water molecule). It has been established that at low initial speeds for a given potential a new type of oscillations is observed - transverse oscillations of the pendulum inside the circular gutter JTP, at medium speeds - two-frequency independent oscillations (IO) along two axes, and at large ones - ellipse-like oscillations (ELO) at a single frequency. The work examines phase diagrams (PD) and mixed PD (MPD) in two coordinates for these two-dimensional oscillations. A significant difference between these diagrams in the JTP and standard PD is shown. The appearance of additional ellipses, loops and waves on the PD due to the appearance of transverse vibrations in the nuclear fuel gutter was discovered. To obtain ellipses in phase diagrams from all transverse oscillations of the pendulum, it is proposed to construct a PD versus radius (PDR) for the oscillation trajectory. It is shown that ellipses on the PDR for transverse oscillations of the pendulum are clearly observed at low initial speeds, but for medium and high speeds the transverse part of speed is not independently distinguished from the total speed. The presence of stable transverse vibrations in the JTP gutter for rotational vibrations of hydrogen atoms of water molecules around the axes of intermolecular bonds can be considered as new degrees of freedom for its new collectivized transverse vibrations in this potential. Their existence may lead to an explanation for the contribution of these types of oscillations to the anomalously large heat capacity of water in the liquid phase. However, for the presence of such new degrees of freedom for transverse vibrations of water molecules, it is necessary that their vibrations always take place in the region of “small” velocities - in the JTP gutter. To do this, it is necessary to increase this range of vibrations so that the maximum value of the potential on the axis of the intermolecular bond would be large. This should ensure the existence of transverse rotational oscillations in the JTP gutter for water molecules in all liquid phase temperatures.
INFLUENCE OF NATURAL FACTORS OF SUPPORTING RESERVOIR PRESSURE AT THE LATE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF GAS CONDENSATE FIELDS
Authors: Fyk Illia , Rymchuk Danylo
Published: May 2024

The object of the research is natural factors that can affect both the maintenance of reservoir pressure in the process of developing gas condensate fields and the recovery of depleted deposits. Such factors include:   waterflooding of deposits, subsidence of the surface, elasticity of rocks, water and gas, initial gradients of reservoir pressure in deposits, capillary forces. When studying the recovery of reserves in depleted gas condensate fields, it is necessary to take into account the influence of the above factors on the maintenance of reservoir pressure in order to identify the volumes of gas that flow from deep horizons (external sources).
The paper shows the dynamics of waterflooding volumes and average reservoir pressures over the years. It is emphasized that waterflooding does not significantly affect the maintenance of reservoir pressure. Correlation dependencies of waterflooding volumes over time and the dependence of waterflooding volumes on reservoir pressure are given. An original system for calculating the volume of the water pressure system is proposed for the purpose of forecasting further waterflooding of deposits. The influences of all the above factors on the process of maintaining reservoir pressure are taken into account. It is shown that for the Shebelinsky GCF, all these factors do not significantly affect the recovery of reserves. The influence of capillary forces and evaporation of water in deposits on the development processes from the point of view of maintaining reservoir pressure at the late stage of GCF operation is studied.
Performance of Army Corps of Engineers mat system using anchorless connections : a follow-on study of site stabilization for the Improved Ribbon Bridge Bridge Supplemental Set
Authors: Murray Matthew , Harder Daniel
Published: May 2024

The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center conducted testing of the Army Corps of Engineers mat system with improved anchorage and connection hardware. Low-profile screw anchors replaced the ground anchorage of the existing system to reduce wear to tracks and wheels of vehicles while trafficking the system. Anchorless connections allowed the system to be placed over soils where the use of screw anchorage would be obstructed or would cause hazards to trafficking vehicles. Test tracks were constructed to evaluate the matting system with new anchorage and connection hardware over three different soils of weak sand and clay. Channelized traffic was applied to the test tracks using a loaded common bridge transporter. Performance of the updated system was evaluated with respect to results from previous testing, indicating that the improved anchorage and connection hardware increased the versatility of the matting system without sacrificing system performance.
WITHDRAWN: Green Credit, Green Reputation, and Risk-taking of Commercial Banks: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Renzhong , Zheng Yanming , Huang Wenyao , Madsen Dag Øivind , Kuang Jinsong , Fan Xianyang
Published: May 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
A cross-sectional study of the association of serum uric acid levels and sarcopenia in Chinese adults using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Luo Kang , Xia Wenjing , Zhang Yingxiao , Yu Jing , Shu Yue , Yang Hong , Zhou Min , Chen Pan , Xiao Qian
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Previous research has yielded inconsistent findings concerning the relationship between serum uric acid levels and sarcopenia. However, there is currently no research that comprehensively examines this relationship within the broader Chinese population. This study aims to explore the relationship between serum uric acid levels and sarcopenia in Chinese adults aged 45 and above, focusing specifically on age-related variations.
Methods
The present study involved 10,938 participants of the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The associations between sarcopenia (including its components) and serum uric acid levels were evaluated using Weighted logistic and Weighted linear regression models. After categorizing participants by age groups, the subgroup analysis conducted allowed for a more detailed examination of age-related changes.
Results
Participants were stratified into quartiles based on their UA levels. Adjusted analyses revealed that a higher serum uric acid level was negatively associated with sarcopenia only in individuals aged 65 and older. Results from weighted linear regression analysis indicated a statistically significant positive correlation between serum uric acid levels and both handgrip strength (HGS) and skeletal muscle index (SMI). Moreover, the Q4 group (≥5.70 mg/dL) sustained this positive correlation across all ages.
Conclusion
The results indicated a noteworthy correlation between higher UA levels and elevated skeletal muscle index (SMI) and handgrip strength(HGS) among Chinese individuals aged 45 years and above. Elevated levels of blood uric acid may potentially exert a safeguarding influence against the onset of sarcopenia, particularly in individuals aged 65 years and above.
Clinical application of plasma P-tau217 to assess eligibility for amyloid-lowering immunotherapy in memory clinic patients with early Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Howe Matthew D. , Britton Karysa J. , Joyce Hannah E. , Menard William , Emrani Sheina , Kunicki Zachary J. , Faust Melanie A. , Dawson Brittany C. , Riddle Meghan C. , Huey Edward D. , Janelidze Shorena , Hansson Oskar , Salloway Stephen P.
Published: May 2024

Background
With the approval of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for early Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is an increased need for efficient and non-invasive detection methods for cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Current methods, including positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, are costly and invasive methods that may limit access to new treatments. Plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine-217 (P-tau217) presents a promising alternative, yet optimal cutoffs for treatment eligibility with DMTs like aducanumab require further investigation. This study evaluates the efficacy of one- and two-cutoff strategies for determining DMT eligibility at the Butler Hospital Memory & Aging Program (MAP).
Methods
In this retrospective, cross-sectional diagnostic cohort study, we first developed P-tau217 cutoffs using site-specific training data and BioFINDER-2, which were then tested in potential DMT candidates from Butler MAP (total n = 150). ROC analysis was used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy of P-tau217 interpretation strategies, using Aβ-PET/CSF testing as the standard of truth.
Results
Potential DMT candidates at Butler MAP (n = 50), primarily diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (n = 29 [58%]) or mild dementia (21 [42%]), were predominantly Aβ-positive (38 [76%]), and half (25 [50%]) were subsequently treated with aducanumab. Elevated P-tau217 predicted cerebral Aβ positivity in potential DMT candidates (AUC = 0.97 [0.92-1]), with diagnostic accuracy ranging from 0.88 (0.76–0.95, p = 0.028) to 0.96 (0.86-1, p < .001). When using site-specific cutoffs, a subset of DMT candidates (10%) exhibited borderline P-tau217 (between 0.273 and 0.399 pg/mL) that would have potentially required from confirmatory testing.
Conclusions
This study, which included participants treated with aducanumab, confirms the utility of one- and two-cutoff strategies for interpreting plasma P-tau217 in assessing DMT eligibility. Using P-tau217 could potentially replace more invasive diagnostic methods, and all aducanumab-treated participants would have been deemed eligible based on P-tau217. However, false positives remain a concern, particularly when applying externally derived cutoffs that exhibited lower specificity which could have led to inappropriate treatment of Aβ-negative participants. Future research should focus on prospective validation of P-tau217 cutoffs to enhance their generalizability and inform standardized treatment decision-making across diverse populations.
Metal(loid) tolerance, accumulation, and phytoremediation potential of wetland macrophytes for multi-metal(loid)s polluted water.
Authors: Khan Aqib Hassan Ali , Velasco-Arroyo Blanca , Rad Carlos , Curiel-Alegre Sandra , Rumbo Carlos , De Wilde Herwig , Pérez-de-Mora Alfredo , Martel-Martín Sonia , Barros Rocío
Published: May 2024

Natural based solutions, notably constructed/artificial wetland treatment systems, rely heavily on identification and use of macrophytes with the ability to tolerate multiple contaminants and grow for an extended period to reduce contamination. The potential to tolerate and remediate metal(loid) contaminated groundwater from an industrial site located in Flanders (Belgium) was assessed for 10 wetland macrophytes (including Carex riparia, Cyperus longus, Cyperus rotundus, Iris pseudacorus, Juncus effusus, Lythrum salicaria, Menta aquatica, Phragmites australis, Scirpus holoschoenus, and Typha angustifolia). The experiment was conducted under static conditions, where plants were exposed to polluted acidic (pH~4)water, having high level of metal(loid)s for 15 days. Plant biomass, morphology, and metal uptake by roots and shoots were analysed every 5 days for all species. T. angustifolia and S. holoschoenus produced ~3 and ~1.1 times more dried biomass than the controls, respectively. For S. holoschoenus, P. australis, and T. angustifolia, no apparent morphological stress symptoms were observed, and plant heights were similar between control and plants exposed to polluted groundwater. Higher concentrations of all metal(loid)s were detected in the roots indicating a potential for phytostabilization of metal(loid)s below the water column. For J. effusus and T. angustifolia, Cd, Ni, and Zn accumulation was observed higher in the shoots. S. holoschoenus, P. australis, and T. angustifolia are proposed for restoration and phytostabilization strategies in natural and/or constructed wetland and aquatic ecosystems affected by metal(loid) inputs.
Lecturers’ perceptions of evidence-based practice training among undergraduate healthcare students in developing countries at Makerere University College of Health Sciences in Uganda
Authors: Nalweyiso Dorothy Irene , Kabanda Joseph , Mbabazi Johnson , Breckon Jeff , Nnyanzi Lawrence Achilles , Kawooya Michael Grace , Mubuuke Aloysius Gonzaga , Saltikov Josette Bettany , Sanderson Katherine
Published: May 2024

Background
Evidence-based practice (EBP) has been promoted for the last 40 years to enhance health outcomes, which has led developing countries like the United Kingdom (UK) to engage in EBP. However, EBP is relatively new in developing countries, so it is critical to maximise the scarce healthcare resources. EBP training improves the use of evidence in healthcare practice, but the differences between countries necessitate specific interventions.
Methods
In this study, semi-structured in-depth interviews were used, and twelve participants were a sufficient sample size to achieve rich data saturation [24].
Results
Using thematic analysis, seven themes were generated from the study, although four themes are presented here. These include EBP is a new concept at Mak-CHS. The importance of EBP in healthcare delivery involves working with stakeholders in EBP education and teaching EBP. The results also showed that there are several institutional and individual constraints that prevent lecturers and students from using EBP. These include, but are not limited to, a lack of EBP skills and resources. To increase EBP knowledge, skills, attitude, and behaviour among lecturers and healthcare students, it is essential to incorporate EBP into the curricula of undergraduate healthcare students, train lecturers, and work with all stakeholders at all levels of management so that the required resources are available for EBP implementation.
Conclusion
This study suggests that putting EBP into practice necessitates institutional and interdisciplinary collaboration as well as personal commitment.
SIRT6 regulates protein synthesis and folding through nucleolar remodeling
Authors: Toiber Debra , Stein Daniel , Portillo Miguel , Kopatch Shai Kaluski- , Stein Daniel , Lachberg Yuval , Eremenko Ekaterina , Smirnov Dmitri , Einav Monica , Khrameeva Ekaterina , Ben-Zvi Anat , Schumacher Björn
Published: May 2024

An important hallmark of aging – and particularly of neurodegeneration – is the loss of proteostasis, which often leads to cellular stress responses and even cell death. However, the causal mechanisms driving proteostasis are unclear. Here, we show that SIRT6 has a critical role in maintaining proteostasis. It negatively regulates global translation by controlling ribosomal genes, nucleolar function and TIP5 chromatin localization. SIRT6 deletion dramatically increases nucleolar size, rRNA production and protein translation. However, the expression of protein-folding genes remains unchanged, failing to compensate for excessive translation, hence leading to reduced protein folding capacity and the production of aggregates. In vivo, we establish a C. elegans model (sir-2.4 KO) that shows reduced heat shock resistance and an accelerated age-dependent reduction in motility. Sir-2.4 depletion in a neuron-specific protein aggregation-prone polyQ strain led to premature motility loss indicative of motor neuron dysfunction. These results point to proteostasis-stress intolerance in the absence of the SIRT6 ortholog that can be rescued by pharmacologically reducing protein translation rates. Together, our data suggest that SIRT6 deficiency in aging and neurodegeneration contributes to proteostasis loss through gene dysregulation of nucleolar function and the translation machinery. These results highlight that deficient proteostasis is the consequence of chromatin dysregulation that ultimately leads to neurodegeneration.
π-4f charge-transfer emission in a trivalent europium complex
Authors: Kitagawa Yuichi , Tomikawa Toranosuke , Aikawa Kota , Miyazaki Shiori , Akama Tomoko , Kobayashi Masato , Wang Mengfei , Shoji Sunao , Fushimi Koji , Miyata Kiyoshi , Hirai Yuichi , Nakanishi Takayuki , Onda Ken , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Hasegawa Yasuchika
Published: May 2024

Photoinduced metal-to-ligand (or ligand-to-metal) charge-transfer (CT) states in metal complexes have been extensively studied toward the development of luminescent materials. However, previous studies have mainly focused on CT transitions between d- and π-orbitals. Herein, we report the first demonstration of CT emission from 4f to π orbital using a trivalent europium (Eu(III)) complex. The Eu(III) complex possessed an eight-coordination structure composed of three anionic nitrates and two neutral electron-donating ligands with a carbazole unit. The diffuse reflectance spectrum of the complex showed an absorption band at 440 nm, associated with the π-4f CT. Moreover, CT excitation (λex = 440 nm) provides the characteristic emission at 550 nm. Comparative photophysical analyses using Gd(III) complexes, solvent-dependent emission analyses, and quantum chemical calculations revealed that the observed emissions were ascribed to the π-4f CT transition. The observation of π-4f CT emission provides new insights into molecular luminescence science and technology.
Ab initio intermolecular interactions mediate thermochemically real-fluid effects that affect system reactivity
Authors: Cheng Song , Wang Mingrui , Tang Ruoyue , Ren Xinrui , Cui Yanqing
Published: May 2024

The properties of supercritical fluids are dictated by intermolecular interactions that involve two or more molecules. Such intermolecular interactions were described via intermolecular potentials in historical supercritical combustion modeling studies, but have been treated empirically and with no consideration of radical interactions or multi-body interactions involving more than two molecules. This approach has been adopted long ago, assuming sufficient characterization of real-fluid effects during supercritical combustion. Here, with data from ab initio multi-body intermolecular potentials, non-empirical Virial Equation of State (EoS), and real-fluid thermochemical and kinetic simulations, we reveal that empirical intermolecular potentials can lead to significant errors in representing supercritical fluids under common combustion situations, which can be impressively described by ab initio intermolecular potentials. These interactions are also found to greatly influence autoignition delay times, a common measure of global reactivity, with significant contributions from radical interactions and multi-body interactions. It is therefore of necessity to incorporate ab initio intermolecular interactions in studying supercritical combustion and various dynamic systems involving supercritical fluids, which has now been enabled through the new framework developed in the present study.
A normative principle governing memory transfer in cerebellar motor learning
Authors: Kim Sang Jeong , Bae Hyojin , Seo Jewoo , Kim Chang-Eop
Published: May 2024

The cerebellum, consisting of the cerebellar cortex and nuclei, plays a crucial role in motor learning and exhibits a phenomenon known as systems consolidation, where memory traces are transferred from the cortex to the nuclei. However, the underlying principles and mechanisms governing this memory transfer remain unclear. In this study, we propose a normative framework extending the bias-variance tradeoff that predicts task difficulty as a key factor regulating memory transfer. We model the cerebellum as a dual learning system composed of a complex cortical networks and simpler nuclear network, with a cost function that trades off bias, variance, and overhead costs. Computational simulations and in-vivo optogenetic experiments in mice demonstrate that easier tasks promote greater transfer to the simpler system during consolidation, while harder tasks favor retention in the complex system. Moreover, task difficulty correlates with the specificity of the learned response to untrained stimulus conditions. Our findings provide a unifying framework to explain previously disparate experimental observations and predict novel aspects of cerebellar learning and memory consolidation.
Mechanical properties of Indonesian organic-rich shales from the Central Sumatra and North Sumatra Basin, and comparison with US shales
Authors: Lanin Eril Suhada , Sone Hiroki
Published: May 2024

Mechanical characterization of shales is a fundamental requirement in optimizing shale resource development and transferring development strategies between shale plays. Here we report the laboratory-based mechanical properties of Indonesian shale potentials located within Tertiary basins in active margin settings. Samples from surface-outcrops of lacustrine sediments in the Central Sumatra Basin (CSB) and subsurface-cores of marine deposits in the North Sumatra Basin (NSB) were examined in a series of experiments for their mechanical properties including rock strength, elastic properties, and creep compliance. Results show that the Indonesian shales studied here are generally more compliant than Mesozoic/Paleozoic U.S. shales reported in the literature. Within the context of a binary mixture model (stiff and soft components) used to explain shale elastic properties, these differences in mechanical properties imply that the soft and stiff end-members are more compliant in Indonesian shales. We interpret these differences as the difference in mechanical maturity, which reflects the degree to which mechanical properties have evolved due diagenesis. CSB and NSB samples are considered to be early mature, mechanically, compared to the mechanically mature U.S. shales. Particularly, the Baong Formation samples from the NSB studied here come from a hard-overpressured interval and are mechanically immature, despite their moderate thermal maturity based on vitrinite reflectance. Laboratory results also show no significant differences in mechanical properties between shales deposited in lacustrine (CSB samples) and marine (NSB samples) environments.
Association between mother’s work status and child stunting in Kenya: Does socio-economic status matter?
Authors: Machio Phyllis Mumia
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Malnutrition is a major health problem affecting many parts of the world. Stunting is the most prevalent form of malnutrition. Recent statistics indicate that 18% of children in Kenya were stunted in 2022. This study sought to investigate the effect of maternal employment and occupation on child stunting in Kenya. We also investigate whether these effects vary by socioeconomic status.
Methods
This study used data from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. Data collection took place from 17th February 2022 to 31st July 2022. The study uses descriptive analysis and estimates a multivariate logistic regression.
Results
Results indicate that the odds of child stunting were 1.111 higher for children whose mothers worked compared to those whose mothers did not working. For poor mothers, the negative effect of maternal employment on child stunting is significant and stronger. For non-poor mothers, the effect of maternal employment on stunting is not statistically significant. For maternal occupation, we find that the odds of child stunting was 1.286 and 1.431 higher for children whose mothers were engaged in agricultural and in domestic work than those whose mothers were engaged in professional work. The effects are stronger for women living in poor households.
Conclusion
Implications of these findings are that the negative effects of maternal employment on child nutrition aren’t uniform but disproportionately affect children of mothers living in poor households. These findings suggest need for governments to invest in affordable but quality childcare facilities even as promote maternal employment so as to cushion children from malnutrition especially those living in poor households.
Investigation on the effect of cryogenic treatment parameters on residual stress and machining deformation of Hydrogen-resistant Steel
Authors: Yang Quanwei , Kong Jinxing , Du Dongxing , Guo Minglong , Liu Silai , Li Xiuru , Dong Zhigang , Kang Renke , Wei Zhaocheng
Published: May 2024

Hydrogen resistant steel thin-walled components are widely used in various fields due to their advantages of high strength and toughness. The residual stress inside the material is a key factor affecting the deformation of hydrogen resistant steel thin-walled parts. This article uses orthogonal experimental method and contour method to study the effects of deep cooling temperature, deep cooling time, number of cold and hot cycles, and deep cooling cooling rate on residual stress inside hydrogen steel. The results indicate that − 130 ℃ (deep cooling temperature), 10 hours (deep cooling time), 3 cold and hot cycles, and − 2.5 ℃/min (cooling rate) are the optimal parameters for reducing residual stress. The order of influence of cryogenic parameters on residual stress inside hydrogen steel materials is: cryogenic temperature, cryogenic time, number of cold and hot cycles, and cooling rate. In addition, the use of composite cryogenic treatment and ultrasonic vibration further reduces residual stress and controls machining deformation. Finally, the surface roughness of the four surfaces was reduced through low-temperature micro lubrication (CMQL).
Risk factors for poor neurological recovery after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: imaging characteristics
Authors: lu haitao , zhang wei , chai zihao , ge xiubo , yu haiyang
Published: May 2024

Background:Poor neurological recovery in patients after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion has been frequently reported; however, there are no studies that analyze the preoperative imaging characteristics of patients to investigate the factors affecting surgical prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing patients' preoperative imaging characteristics on poor neurologic recovery after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 89 patients who met the criteria for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the treatment of single-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy and evaluated the patients' neurological recovery based on the recovery rate of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores at the time of the final follow-up visit;patients were categorized into "good" and "poor" groups based on JOA recovery rates of ≥ 50% and < 50%, respectively. Clinical information (age, gender, body mass index, duration of symptoms, JOA score preoperative and at the final follow-up), and imaging characteristics (cervical kyphosis, cervical instability, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL), calcification of herniated intervertebral discs, increased signal intensity(ISI) of the spinal cord on T2WI, and degree of degeneration of the discs adjacent to the fused levels (cranial and caudal) were collected from the patients.) Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for poor neurologic recovery.
Results The mean age of the patients was 52.56 ± 11.18 years, and the mean follow-up was 26.89±11.14 months. 20 patients (22.5%) had poor neurological recovery. Univariate analysis showed that significant predictors of poor neurological recovery were age (p = 0.019), concomitant OPLL (p = 0.019), concomitant calcification of herniated intervertebral discs (p = 0.019), ISI of the spinal cord on T2WI (p ＜0.05), a high grade of degeneration of the discs of the cranial neighboring levels (p ＜0.05), and a high grade of discs of the caudal neighboring levels (p ＜0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that ISI of the spinal cord on T2WI (p = 0.001 OR = 24.947), and high degree of degeneration of adjacent discs on the cranial side (p = 0.040 OR = 6.260) were independent risk factors for poor neurological prognosis.
Conclusion ISI of the spinal cord on T2WI and high degree of cranial adjacent disc degeneration are independent risk factors for poor neurological recovery after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, and comprehensive analysis of the patients' preoperative imaging characteristics can help in the development of surgical protocols and the management of patients' surgical expectations.
Double vascular rings: An infant case of double innominate veins with incomplete double aortic arch: a case report
Authors: Ishii Hiroki , Saito Mika , Uyeda Tomomi , Kuwahara Yuta
Published: May 2024

Background Double aortic arch (DAA) is a type of vascular ring, causing stridor and dysphagia owing to compression of the trachea and esophagus. In contrast, double innominate veins, which is a relatively rare venous anomaly, usually does not cause symptoms or require intervention.Case presentation A 2-month-old boy presented with mild stridor and a hoarse voice while crying, and was diagnosed as having incomplete DAA, small atrial septal defects and double innominate vein. The double innominate veins, crossing over and underneath the ascending aorta, did not contribute to airway compression. To release the narrow vascular ring caused by the DAA, surgical resection of the atretic side of the arch was performed by lateral thoracostomy at 4 months of age, before the appearance of signs of bronchomalacia. The double innominate veins were left untouched, and open-heart surgery was avoided.Conclusions DAA should be suspected if airway symptoms are present in early infancy, particularly if a right aortic arch is noted. It is important not to hesitate to perform diagnostic imaging and release the DAA, as this might prevent or minimize airway complications. However, for double innominate veins, operative release is not necessary unless it interferes with surgical procedures or is causing symptoms.
Shaping the Future: Perspectives on the Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Health Profession Education: A Multi-country Survey
Authors: issa Wegdan bani , Shorbagi Ali , Alshorman Alham , Rababa Mohamad , Majed Khalid Al , Radwan Hadia , Raffat Fatma Ahmad , Yateem Nabeel AL , Mottershead Richard , Abdelrahim Dana N. , Hijazi Heba , Khasawneh Wafa , Ibrahim Ali , Abbas Nada , Fakhry Randa
Published: May 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming health profession education (HPE) through personalized learning technologies. HPE students must also learn about AI to understand its impact on healthcare delivery. We examined HPE students’ AI-related knowledge and attitudes, and perceived challenges in integrating AI in HPE.
Methods: This cross-sectional included medical, nursing, physiotherapy, and clinical nutrition students from four public universities in Jordan, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Egypt. Data were collected between February and October 2023 via an online survey that covered five main domains: benefits of AI in healthcare, negative impact on patient trust, negative impact on the future of healthcare professionals, inclusion of AI in HPE curricula, and challenges hindering integration of AI in HPE.
Results: Of 642 participants, 66.4% reported low AI knowledge levels. The UAE had the largest proportion of students with low knowledge (72.7%). The majority (54.4%) of participants had learned about AI outside their curriculum, mainly through social media (66%). Overall, 51.2% expressed positive attitudes toward AI, with Egypt showing the largest proportion of positive attitudes (59.1%). Although most participants viewed AI in healthcare positively (91%), significant variations were observed in other domains. The majority (77.6%) supported integrating AI in HPE, especially in Egypt (82.3%). A perceived negative impact of AI on patient trust was expressed by 43.5% of participants, particularly in Egypt (54.7%). Only 18.1% of participants were concerned about the impact of AI on future healthcare professionals, with the largest proportion from Egypt (33.0%). Some participants (34.4%) perceived AI integration as challenging, notably in the UAE (47.6%). Common barriers included lack of expert training (53%), awareness (50%), and interest in AI (41%).
Conclusion: This study clarified key considerations when integrating AI in HPE. Enhancing students’ awareness and fostering innovation in an AI-driven medical landscape are crucial for effectively incorporating AI in HPE curricula.
Liver-FDG-uptake and CAR T-cell kinetics augment early PET/CT prognostic value for CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Beck Michael , Blumenberg Viktoria , Bücklein Veit , Bundschuh Ralph , Harrer Dennis , Hirschbühl Klaus , Jung Johannes , Kunz Wolfgang , Menhart Karin , Winkelmann Michael , Yakushev Igor , Illert Anna Lena , Eckstein Markus , Völkl Simon , Claus Rainer , Hansmann Leo , Hecker Judith , Kuwert Torsten , Mackensen Andreas , Subklewe Marion , Hellwig Dirk , Müller Fabian
Published: May 2024

Despite revolutionary efficacy of CD19.CAR-T cell therapy (CAR-T) in aggressive B cell lymphoma, many patients still relapse mostly early. In early failure, distinct drugs support CAR-T which makes reliable and early prediction of imminent relapse/refractoriness critical. CAR-T cell expansion or negative day 30 PET/CT-scan (PET30-CR) predict PFS but individually fail in a relevant proportion of patients. We aimed to combine early biomarkers to more reliably predict relapse post CAR-T. Sixty-six patients with aggressive B cell lymphoma treated with CD19.CAR-T were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-CAR-T, response to bridging, LDH, total metabolic tumor volume, and international metabolic prognostic index predicted PFS. Post-CAR-T, PET30-CR classified the remission status correctly in 40 of 52 patients (77 %). Adding absolute CAR T-cell counts assessed between day seven and day ten post-infusion to PET30-response improved correct identification to 24 of 29 patients (83 %). Increased liver FDG-uptake from baseline to day30 (delta-Liver-SUVmean) was an independent biomarker for response. The combination of PET30 and delta-liver-SUVmean identified patients at very low, at intermediate and at very high risk of relapse (PFS not reached, 7.5 months, 1.5 months, respectively). Our results may guide early intervention studies aiming to enhance CAR-T particularly in the very high-risk patients.
Regional variations in the trend of iron supplementation during pregnancy and its multi- level predictors: Evidence from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Shahzad Ruhma , Zakar Rubeena , Shahzad Hamda , Zakar Nazoora Manal , Tariq Fiza , Ahmed Razan , Fischer Florian
Published: May 2024

Background
Iron supplementation during pregnancy is a key intervention preventing and treating iron deficiency anemia with its efficacy and benefits well-documented. Despite this, a comprehensive understanding of the trends and predictors of iron supplementation across different regions remains limited. This study aims to assess the temporal trends in iron supplementation among pregnant women and identify its multi-level predictors.
Methods
This research utilizes data from four waves of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS; 2006–07 to 2019) to analyze trends in iron supplementation, calculating rates and percentage changes with Microsoft Excel version 365. The data from PDHS 2019 is examined to identify predictors of iron supplementation during pregnancy using SPSS version 22 employing binary regression models. The dependent variable is the response to the question on “supplementation of iron tablets during pregnancy”, with various individual, community, and institutional level factors as independent variables.
Results
There has been a 44.1% increase in iron supplementation among pregnant women nationwide, with regional increases of 61.7% in rural areas and 19.9% in urban areas, leading to a current national supplementation rate of 65.4%. Factors such as older age, rural residency, living in Sindh or Baluchistan, smoking history, higher number of pregnancies and losses, and more children born or deceased were associated with lower odds of iron supplementation(p < 0.005). Conversely, higher education, residency in Gilgit Baltistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmi, as well as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and lady health worker’s advice regarding antenatal care were the significant factors with antenatal care utilization as the strongest predictor of supplementation in both unadjusted (OR = 30.07; 95% CI: 23.55–38.40) and adjusted models (AOR = 31.29; 95% CI: 14.37–68.11).
Conclusion
Although over half of pregnant women in the study population take iron supplements, the rate is still lower compared to many other countries. Significant regional disparities suggest the need for targeted efforts to increase supplementation rates and improve maternal health outcomes.
Mendelian Randomization Study: Investigating the Causal Impact of Covid-19 on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Tang Ruisi , Guo Weijie , Hu Ying , Ma Mengna , Xu Luying , Huang Yuchen , Cai Rui , Zhang Yaoyao
Published: May 2024

Background
Due to limitations in observational studies, the link between COVID-19 and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) remains inconclusive. This study uses two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess COVID-19's causal effects on APO traits.
Methods
We applied inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode to thoroughly evaluate the effects of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and severity on eight APO traits.
Results
Our findings indicate that COVID-19 infection is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriages (OR: 0.95, 95%CI (0.99, 0.91); p = 0.014) and preterm labor and delivery (OR: 1.30, 95%CI (1.63, 1.04); p = 0.019), and a decreased risk of eclampsia (OR: 0.35, 95%CI (0.94, 0.12); p = 0.033).
Digital-related factors affecting life satisfaction among married immigrants
Authors: Jeong Yeo-Won , Kim Jung-Ha
Published: May 2024

This study investigated digital-related factors affecting life satisfaction among married immigrants in South Korea, based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). This study conducted a secondary data analysis of the data of the Digital Divide 2022. A total of 621 married immigrants’ demographic characteristics and six digital-related factors based on TPB were analyzed. Attitudes toward using digital media, self-efficacy in using digital media, competence in using digital media, digital helper, online social networking, and online social participation were significantly positively correlated with life satisfaction. In addition, living with a spouse, education level, job, self-efficacy, competency in using digital media, and online social participation positively affected life satisfaction. Digital education programs focusing on self-efficacy and competence in using digital media should be developed to improve life satisfaction. Furthermore, it is necessary to explore various digital approaches to increasing married immigrants’ online social participation.
Patterns and Predictors of Medicinal Plant Use among Ethnolinguistic Groups in the 21st Century Philippines
Authors: Tanalgo Krizler , Plang Yalaira , Cruz Kier Dela , Rubio Meriam , Hilario-Husain Bona Abigail , Respicio Jeaneth Magelen , Lidasan Asraf , Abdullah Sumaira , Fabrero Gerald Vince , Ele Renee Jane , Murray Sedra , Saliling Yvonne , Macatabon Radji , Casim Lothy , Reyes Jamaica Delos , Agduma Angelo
Published: May 2024

Traditional medicinal plants are integral to the diverse ethnolinguistic cultures and biodiversity in the Philippines. In this synthesis, we performed a Philippine-wide analysis of the knowledge, extent, and interactions of traditional plant use among various ethnolinguistic groups. Our synthesis identified 796 plant species from 160 families and 65 orders utilised by 35 ethnolinguistic groups to treat 25 disease types. We found strong connections between linguistically similar groups, indicating that geographical proximity, linguistic background, shared cultural practices, and environmental factors collectively influence the patterns of medicinal plant usage among the different groups. We developed the Species Use Priority Importance (SUPRIM) indicator to assess the priority level of plant species based on their use among ethnolinguistic groups and disease types. Factors such as availability of healthcare facilities, proximity to roads, educational facilities, and tree density were significantly correlated with higher SUPRIM indicator values. We posit that environmental status shaped the values of medicinal plant species within ethnolinguistic communities. Understanding these dynamics is essential to effectively conserve ecosystems and indigenous peoples that rely on them. Continued research efforts and conservation initiatives dedicated to the integration of traditional knowledge into healthcare systems are essential for preserving this invaluable heritage and promoting sustainable healthcare practices in the Philippines.
Direct Hydrocarbon Upgrade from n-Hexane, n-Octane, and n-Decane Using a Microsecond Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge Non-Thermal Plasma
Authors: Marji Saif , Zaldivar Gabriela , girard-lauriault Pierre-luc
Published: May 2024

Conventional chemical processing methods, employed for transforming hydrocarbon mixtures into more valuable forms, are known to consume high amounts of energy and produce a substantial amount of greenhouse gas emissions. This paper investigates an alternative approach employing non-thermal plasma, in a controlled temperature environment, to synthesize higher-order hydrocarbons. The method examined in this paper, has the potential to reduce energy requirements and mitigate CO2 emissions. Effects of temperature and hydrocarbon chain length on liquid and gas production efficiency are studied. A comparative analysis of the different hydrocarbons as reactants underscores the promising attributes of n-octane in this application. With the proposed reactor configuration, the highest average liquid production efficiency was found in n-octane at 20ºC. Organic compounds with carbon chain lengths as large as 20 carbons where successfully synthesized in the reactor configuration when using decane as the reactant. The observed trends alluded to different chemical reaction pathways being prevalent in different temperature conditions.