bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Haemocompatibility Of Non-Functionalized And Plasmachemical Functionalized Detonation Nanodiamond Particles
Authors: Mitura K. , Jedrzejewska-Szczerska M. , Ceynowa P. , Dudek M. , Cicha M. , Kotela I. , Mitura S.
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this paper is to present the innovative design of microwave plasma system for modification of detonation nanodiamond particles (DNP) using a special rotating drum placed inside the reactor. Nanodiamond particles manufactured by detonation method reveal the biological activity depending on surface functionalization. Plasmachemical modification of detonation nanodiamond particles gives the possibility of controlling surface of nanodiamonds particles in biological tests. In this paper we would like to compare detonation nanodiamond (the grain sizes from 2 to 5 nm) with modified detonation nanodiamond in rotary reactor chamber, by microwave plasma activated chemical vapour deposition (MW PACVD) method in materials research (Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy) and in vitro examinations with full of human blood. The results indicate haemocompatibility of non-modified detonation nanodiamond and modified nanodiamond by MW PACVD method in rotary reactor chamber (modifiedND-3) and the presence of haemolysis in commercial detonation nanodiamond.
Deformation And Fracture Analysis Of Coating-Substrate Systems
Authors: Kot M.
Published: November 2015

The paper presents the deformation and fracture analysis of coating-substrate systems during spherical indentation. CrN and TiN ceramic coatings with a thickness of 1-5 μm were tested using 10 to 200 μm tip radius spherical indenters. The typical results of indentation tests i.e. force-penetration depth curves were transformed into stress-strain curves using an algorithm developed by the author. The test results are compared with the results of numerical analysis conducted using FEM modelling. Such a complex analysis allows users to determine the level of tensile stress leading to the formation of cracks observed using SEM and TEM microscopy, and to define the failure maps for the coating substrate-systems.
The Wear Mechanisms Description Of Multilayer Coatings, Performed By Transmission Electron Microscopy – An Overview Of The Own Research Work
Authors: Major Ł.
Published: November 2015

The aim of the presented paper was to describe the wear mechanisms operating at the small length scale in multilayer coatings subjected to a mechanical testing. A hybrid PLD system (Pulsed Laser Deposition connected with magnetron sputtering) was used for the multi-layer coating deposition. Coatings were subjected to indentation, ball-on disc wear and scratch adhesion tests. Microstructure of the as-deposited coating and after mechanical tests was studied using the Scanning (SEM) and the Transmission (TEM) Electron Microscopes. The research work revealed that application of innovative multilayer coatings may allow to predict their life time and to steer their properties.
Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After Annealing
Authors: Bochnowski W. , Dziedzic A. , Adamiak S. , Berchenko M. , Trzyna M. , Cebulski J.
Published: November 2015

In this study, the structure, chemical composition and topography of oxide layers produced on the surface of the AISI 321 austenitic steel in the annealing process were analyzed. Heat treatment was done at 980°C temperature for 1 hour time in different conditions. The annealing was done in a ceramic furnace in oxidation atmosphere and in vacuum furnaces with cylindrical molybdenum and graphite chambers. The analysis was carried out using the following methods: a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a secondary ion mass spectrometer with time-of-flight mass analyzer (TOF SIMS) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The oxide layer formed during annealing of the AISI 321 steel at 980°C consisted of sub-layers, diversified in the chemical composition. The thickness of the oxidized layer is depended on the annealing conditions. In a ceramic furnace in oxidation atmosphere, the thickness of the oxide layer was of 300-500 nm, in a vacuum furnace with molybdenum and graphite heating chambers, it ranged from 40 to 300 nm and from a few to 50 nm, respectively. TOF SIMS method allows to get average (for the surface of 100 μm × 100 μm) depth profiles of concentration of particular elements and elements combined with oxygen. In oxide layers formed in vacuum furnaces there are no iron oxides. Titanium, apart from being bounded with carbon in carbides, is a component of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the AISI 321 steel.
Analysis Of Separation Mechanism Of The Metallic Phase Of Slag In The Direct-To-Blister Process
Authors: Bydałek A.W. , Wołczyński W. , Bydałek A. , Schlafka P. , Kwapisiński P.
Published: November 2015

The article discusses the structure of the slag in the liquid state, the properties and interactions within the slag. The analysis of structures occurring in slag suspension were presented with regard to differences in chemical composition in micro-areas. Two different mechanisms for formation of precipitates in Cu-Fe-Pb alloys during extraction were showed.
Effect Of The Spacing Between Submicroscopic Oxide Impurities On The Fatigue Strength Of Structural Steel
Authors: Lipiński T.
Published: November 2015

The article discusses the effect of distance between submicroscopic oxide impurities (up to 2 μm in size) on the fatigue resistance coefficient of structural steel during rotary bending. The study was performed on 21 heats produced in an industrial plant. Fourteen heats were produced in 140 ton electric furnaces, and 7 heats were performed in a 100 ton oxygen converter. All heats were desulfurized. Furthermore seven heats from electrical furnaces were refined with argon, and heats from the converter were subjected to vacuum circulation degassing.

Steel sections with a diameter of 18 mm were hardened from austenitizing by 30 minutes in temperature 880°C and tempered at a temperature of 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600°C. The experimental variants were compared in view of the applied melting technology and heat treatment options. The results were presented graphically and mathematically. The fatigue resistance coefficient of structural steel with the effect of spacing between submicroscopic oxide impurities was determined during rotary bending. The results revealed that fatigue resistance coefficientkis determined by the distance between submicroscopic non-metallic inclusions and tempering temperature.
Range Of Thermal Conductivity Changes Of Wet Green Foundry Sand During Casting Solidification
Authors: Krajewski P.K. , Piwowarski G.
Published: November 2015

The paper presents results of measuring thermal conductivity of green sand mould material and time of castings solidification evaluated from cooling curves. During the experiments pure Cu (99,8 %) plate was cast into the examined sand moulds. Basing on the measurements it was stated that thermal conductivity of the moulding sand has complex temperature variability, especially during the water vaporization. It was confirmed that water vaporization strongly influences thermal conductivity of the moulding sand in the first period of the mould heating by the poured casting. The obtained dependence should be used in the numerical calculations to improve their accuracy.
Back-Diffusion In Crystal Growth. Peritectics
Authors: Wołczyński W.
Published: November 2015

A model for the solute micro-segregation/redistribution is delivered. The description is associated with solidification of the peritectic alloys. The peritectic transformation is treated as the phenomenon which modifies the solute redistribution profile resulting from both partitioning and back-diffusion. The relationship allowing for the amount of peritectic phase calculation is also formulated.
Double Modification Of AlSi9Mg Alloy With Boron, Titanium And Strontium
Authors: Lipiński T.
Published: November 2015

The microstructure of an unmodified AlSi9Mg alloy comprises large primary α phase dendrites, eutectic β phase crystals and eutectic α phase. This composition is responsible for the alloy’s low strength parameters, and it limits the extent of practical applications. The mechanical properties of hypoeutectic silumins can be improved through chemical modification as well as traditional or technological processing. Modification improves the mechanical properties of alloys through grain refinement. This study presents the results of double modification of an AlSi9Mg alloy with strontium, boron and titanium. The influence of the analyzed modifiers on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the processed alloy was presented in graphs. The modification of a hypoeutectic AlSi9Mg alloy improved the alloy’s properties. The results of the tests indicate that the mechanical properties of the modified alloy are determined by the sequence in which the components are introduced to the alloy.
Melting Point Of Metals In Relation Io Electron Charge Density
Authors: Boczkal G.
Published: November 2015

The concept of spatial criterion of the electron charge concentration is applied to determine the metal melting point. Based on the model proposed for bcc metals, a model for hcp metals and general form for others has been developed. To calculate the melting point, only structural data and atomic number are required. The obtained results show good consistency with the experimental data for metals with atomic number Z < 70.
The Development of the Flat-Knitted Shaped Uppers based on Ergonomics
Authors: Lu Zhiwen , Jiang Gaoming , Cong Honglian , Yang Xi
Published: November 2015

To achieve the efficiency and specification of the flat-knitted uppers design, the basic patterns of uppers are made from shoe lasts based on the research on the characteristics of human’s feet and wearability requirements on uppers. The knitting technology for half-shaped and fully shaped uppers was formed after the shear deformation of basic pattern and combination with flat knitting technology. As regards to the functional requirements on key parts of uppers, the structures of flat-knitted shaped uppers were intensively analysed and studied, dividing them into two categories (functional structure and decorative structure), discussing the knitting methods and advantages of different structure, and finally experimentally proving that the planar pattern of flat knitted uppers can apply to the design of flat-knitted uppers and achieve the combination of functionality and artistry of sneakers after combining with structural changes, with a great significance on the achievement of the efficient production of uppers and the enhancement of its commercial value.
Ambiguity, discretion and ethics in Norway's sovereign wealth fund
Authors: Hachigian Heather
Published: November 2015

An increasing number of public institutional investors are adopting sustainable and ethical investment policies. While financial tests of materiality and norm structures are often assumed to guide their implementation, this assumption is challenged by the increasing complexity in global financial markets. This article provides an analytical framework to explain these implementation problems by drawing attention to the ambiguity inherent in investment policies. Ambiguity means there is no ideal outcome. Agents must use their discretion to interpret investment policies, which is at odds with conventional theories of discretion that assume a unique policy goal. This article argues that ambiguity impacts institutional investors in two contrasting ways. Ambiguity acts as a built-in mechanism for adapting investment policies to increasing complexity in global financial markets. But the resources required to maintain legitimacy under ambiguity detract from the investor's capacity to actually implement its policy. This framework is used to analyze the evolution of the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund (SWF)'s ethical investment policy. The article finds that agents use their discretion to interpret the Fund's investment policy in ways that align with its long-term mandate.
An anthropomorphic sonography phantom for the evaluation of mechatronic devices for heart surgery
Authors: Korb Werner , Fricke Christopher , Jacobs Stephan , Falk Volkmar
Published: November 2015

Surgical assistance systems are used to make surgical procedures more precise. The integration of automated intra-operative imaging in surgical interventions can be seen as an important step to further improve patient safety. An automatic soft tissue manipulation system with mechatronic assistance using endoscopic Doppler guidance was developed for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery. To facilitate the complicated development process of the mechatronic system, we manufactured and validated an anthropomorphic phantom. A three-compartment model including soft tissue and a vessel system were manufactured for the phantom. Blood flow simulation was implemented using a pump and blood mimicking fluid in a closed circuit. Eighteen physicians evaluated the anatomical and physiological validity of the phantom in a study. The average rating of the anatomy, as well as the physiology, was good, although particular aspects of the phantom have shown a need for improvement. The validation study provided valuable information on limits and problems concerning the phantom and its applicability for the evaluation of the development steps of the mechatronic system. We showed how to develop and validate a phantom for the evaluation of a surgical assistance system with intraoperative imaging. The described concepts can be applied to similar developmental procedures and help generate a goal-driven and efficient development.
An experimental-nonlinear finite element study of a balloon expandable stent inside a realistic stenotic human coronary artery to investigate plaque and arterial wall injury
Authors: Karimi Alireza , Razaghi Reza , Shojaei Ahmad , Navidbakhsh Mahdi
Published: November 2015

The stresses induced within plaque tissues and arterial layers during stent expansion inside an atherosclerotic artery can be exceeded from the yield stresses of those tissues and, consequently, lead to plaque or arterial wall rupture. The distribution and magnitude of the stresses in the plaque-artery-stent structure might be distinctly different for different plaque types. In this study, the mechanical properties of six healthy and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries were determined for application in plaque and arterial vulnerability assessment. A nonlinear finite element simulation based on an Ogden material model was established to investigate the effect of plaque types on the stresses induced in the arterial wall during implantation of a balloon expandable coronary stent. The atherosclerotic artery was assumed to consist of a plaque and normal arterial tissues on its outer side. The results indicated a significant influence of plaque types on the maximum stresses induced within the plaque wall and arterial wall during stenting but not when computing maximum stress on the stent. The stress on the stiffest calcified plaque wall was 3.161 MPa, whereas cellular and hypocellular plaques showed relatively less stress on their wall. The highest von Mises stresses within the arterial wall were observed on the hypocellular plaque, whereas the lowest stresses were seen to be located in the calcified and cellular plaques. Although the computed stresses on the arterial wall for the calcified and cellular plaques were not high enough to invoke a rupture, the stress on the hypocellular plaque was relatively higher than that of the strength of the arterial wall. These findings may have implications not only for understanding the stresses induced in plaque and the arterial wall, but also for developing surgeries such as balloon-angioplasty and stenting.
UN Global Action Programme and Education for Sustainable Development: A Critical Appraisal of the Evidence Base
Authors: Fischer Daniel , Aubrecht Elisabeth Lena , Brück Maria , Ditges Laura , Gathen Lea , Jahns Maximilian , Petersmann Moritz , Rau Jörn , Wellmann Christiane
Published: November 2015

The United Nations (UN) proclaimed the years 2005 to 2014 the World Decade on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). As a follow up on the World Decade, the UN launched a Global Action Programme (GAP) that is designed to set the framework for international activities on ESD. The GAP focuses on five priority areas that are of high relevance for further implementation of ESD in educational systems.

The research presented in this paper results from a training research course that was conducted with advanced bachelor students in environmental and sustainability science. This project pursued two main objectives on different levels: the aim of the research aspect was to identify well-documented success factors for specific research questions associated with the GAP designated priority action areas by means of conducting systematic literature reviews. The aim of the training was to enable students enrolled in the university course to experience systematic review and critical appraisal of the current state of research in the various fields of ESD. As a result, the paper summarizes and discusses both the findings of the research projects and university course. Inclusive is the potential of the teaching approach and its contribution to advancing higher education for sustainable development.
E-inclusion Process and Societal Digital Skill Development
Authors: Vītoliņa Ieva
Published: November 2015

Nowadays, the focus shifts from information and communication technology access to skills and knowledge. Moreover, lack of digital skills is an obstacle in the process of learning new digital competences using technologies and e-learning. The objective of this research is to investigate how to facilitate students to use the acquired digital skills in practice and to evaluate the impact of students’ previous knowledge level. Based on the e-inclusion digital skills model, the author develops two research questions: How students’ previous experience impacts practical usage of the acquired ICT skills and How students’ self-assessment correlates with practical usage of the acquired ICT skills. The research employs student-centred learning theory, where the learning process is based on students’ active action, experience and values. The research is based on a literature review and one case study. The results of this study confirm the relationship of the e-inclusion digital skills model with the knowledge level acquired and its usage.
Holistic Approach as Viewed by the Basic School Teachers in Latvia
Authors: Badjanova Jeļena , Iliško Dzintra
Published: November 2015

The article points to new competencies required from basic school teachers, reinforced by the reform processes in the educational system in Latvia, the quality assurance of educational process, and modernisation and critical re-evaluation of educational materials and standards. The authors view sustainability as an integral part of reform processes in the country.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the perspective of basic education teachers from the diverse regions of Latvia on the use of holistic approach for shaping the content of basic education. The authors have analysed basic school teachers’ understanding of a holistic approach towards teaching and a learner. By means of a survey the authors have explored the features of teachers’ perception of a holistic approach to their teaching. The authors conclude that sustainability cannot be left to the initiative of individual teachers but should be implemented as a whole-school policy.
State, Soldier, Professionality
Authors: Boldizsar Gábor
Published: November 2015

Defense is one of the oldest state responsibilities. Without the defense, protection or physical security the state, the power is unable to act on its own free will. The state is not able to fulfil its other functions (collection, distribution, regulation and sanctions) according to the interests of the society.

Clausewitz stated that the use of military power is the continuation of politics. In other words, politics aims to reach these aims by the implementation of military forces or war. Of course, to achieve the aims of the politics there are lots of instruments (diplomacy, politics, economics, information, ...) which have to be coordinated with the use of forces. This way of thinking is named as the comprehensive approach.

But politics has other important roles in order to achieve the aims. In the application of military force aims should be set to provide the necessary resources (human and material) and the appropriate legal environment. Professional military professionalism achieves its full potential in the case of three elements – aims, resources and legal environment - are harmonized for long-term. In the process of political decision-making professional military experts help to reach efficient choice. After the political decision is made the military does its best to act in order to achieve the aims.

In the western world the national armed forces have significantly reduced their strengths and abandoned the conscription-based military system. NATO and the EU in recent decades have carried out a number of operations. These operations were based on defending the member states’ individual or collective’ interests and values by strengthening peace and security. This new operational environment expects numbers of new skills and competencies from the 21th century’s soldiers.
European Security And The Terrorist Threat: Evolutions And Current Ways Of Managing It
Authors: Chirleşan Georgeta
Published: November 2015

The European Security Strategy “A Secure Europe in a Better World” emphasizes on the fact that security is a precondition of development and nominates terrorism as the first key threat in the list of five major threats addressed to European security. In the “EU Internal Security Strategy in Action” the terrorism is seen as second threat (after serious and organized crime) and is pointed out as a phenomenon which requires concerted European action, due to a still existent vulnerability of our societies to terrorist attacks, “Europe being both a target and a base for such terrorism”.

The paper presents the evolution of the European security environment between 1990 and 2015, emphasizing the increase of the terrorist threat and the steps and actions taken in preventing and fighting against it, as well as possible solutions for managing the terrorist phenomenon. In the final part of the paper, the findings of a case study achieved through sociological questionnaire are rendered. The study envisaged to catch the counter-terrorism perspective at the level of ordinary citizens and of decision-makers and stakeholders as well.
Culture As Soft Power In International Relations
Authors: Haneş Nicolae , Andrei Adriana
Published: November 2015

A global approach has almost generalized over the last decades, suggesting that human security and, related to it – society security- are among the most important themes of contemporary international relations.

The management of the Yugoslavian crisis, the terrorist attacks of September the 11th, 2001, as well as the debates over US and its allies’ military interventions in Kosovo, Afghanistan or Iraq, pointed out, on the one hand, that states are not prepared to deal with the cross-border threats of the 21st century alone, and, on the other hand, the fact that military interventions (the “hard” approach to security) do not always represent the optimum solution in managing international security. However, peace-building and security building (the ”soft” approach) are usually more discreet, do not attract attention, do not draw the media interest.

In recent studies, the issue of “soft” power and “hard” power has been increasingly discussed. “Soft” power refers to the power derived mainly from cultural and imagological sources, exercising its influence more through persuasion or by attracting the weak one to a particular model rather than by coercion. ”Hard” power consists especially of military and economic means contributing to enforcing the will of one actor over another actor. These two forms of power do not exclude each other, but, on the contrary, combining “soft” with “hard” means facilitates greater efficiency in achieving the main goal.
A Descriptive Analysis Of The Self-Similarity Between Terrorism And Cancer
Authors: Krastev Krastyu Ivanov
Published: November 2015

The objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristic features of terrorist acts and carcinogenic diseases, thus revealing the common elements of these displays. In the process of analysis, these elements could be conducive to establishing the cause- effect relationships. The paper focuses on the description of terrorism in society and the carcinogenic diseases in the human body in their role as destructive factors in the management of complex systems in society and human body.
Vulnerability Of Compromising The Classified Information, Determined By Extreme Values Of Psycho-Social Variable
Authors: Lăzăroiu Laurenţiu-Leonard , Baboş Alexandru
Published: November 2015

The requirements of functions in organizations, in general, military organization in particular, with specific educational programs, constitute the premises and purpose of developing a specific behavior, which is based on moral principles and operational procedures.

After forming the behavior required to fulfill certain tasks and the culture of security to meet normative acts, in this case rules to achieve protection of classified information, during management in the information flow, the psycho-social development of the individual in the organization and society and the situational random conjecture, sometimes controllable, can cause vulnerabilities that lead to the data and also to the classified information being compromised.
Protecting The National And European Critical Underwater Infrastructures With The Help Of Divers
Authors: Rus Simona , Ion Ana
Published: November 2015

The contemporary security environment is characterized by a high degree of instability and unpredictability, in which the current trend is to transform the great wars in terrorist fights and attack. Directive 2008/114/of the European Council proposes the identification and designation of national and European Critical Infrastructures (ECI), and also the evaluation of the need to improve their protection. In this regard, the paper presents the activity of a special category of workers, i.e. divers. Their work contributes to ensuring peace and security all along the Romanian Black Sea coast, which is a European and national border. The divers, through their activity, manage to eliminate the obstacles that jeopardize the immersed critical infrastructure, and the underwater environment in general, thus, ensuring prosperity, stability and security in the region.
Central Asian Space Analyzed Through The Moscow – Beijing Axis
Authors: Schleier Edwin
Published: November 2015

Russia and China are the biggest national actors of the world from a territorial and demographical point of view. Together, these two actors control The Eurasian space - China being the most populated country and Russia having the greatest geographical surface. The strategic partnership between these countries pursues objectives in various fields, such as: economy, security, industry, resources and military.

Due to the dynamics of world politics Russia and China were often put in the position to support each other; therefore an official relationship between China and Russia began as early as the 17th century. This relationship affects mostly the Central Asian space, but also powerful global and Asian regional actors.
Twilight Or Daybreak Of Ground Forces
Authors: Sopóci Milan , Matta Lubomír
Published: November 2015

The article deals with the settlement of the Ground Forces in history to the present day. It confronts this information with actual trends of development of some branches of the armed forces, weapons systems, techniques, and new requirements on tactics, combat and operational use. From the armed conflicts in the last years which took place in Irak, Afghanistan, Islam state, we can conclude that the crucial tasks in battles and conflicts require the involvement of forces from other branches (Air forces, Special forces). The paper focuses on the necessity and importance of providing more and more intelligence, education, preparation and global more knowledge for regular soldiers.
Agroterrorism - A Threat To The Agricultural Sector
Authors: Żuber Marian
Published: November 2015

The paper presents the problem of the threat of agroterrorist attacks. The author describes some historical facts regarding the use of biological agents against domestic animals and crops in military conflicts and terrorist attacks. He shows the main entities which can initiate attacks on the agricultural sector. In the final part of publication, the author presents the consequences of attacks on the agricultural sector in the case of countries that are the main targets of such attacks.
How Corporate Social Responsibility Can Contribute To Growth Strategy
Authors: Cech Petr , Dohnalova Marie
Published: November 2015

The slow growth of the economy requires an adequate response, even from companies in the hotel industry. In order to achieve an increase in turnover, they can react with a change of strategy, or cost cutting. The use of corporate social responsibility has been identified as one potential strategy of growth. Corporate social strategy is based on three traditional crucial factors that include social, economic and ecological values. The authors of this contribution analyse the possibilities to achieve an outstanding reputation of a company in the field of corporate social responsibility in order to gain the support of the public and stakeholders. They refer to the fact that corporate social responsibility is one possible way to achieve long-term profitable growth in the field of the hotel industry, even in a complex economic development.
Project Manager And His/Her Competencies
Authors: Cech Petr , Chadt Karel
Published: November 2015

Competencies of a project manager are formed by a set of knowledge, skills, related experience, and ways of behaviour and attitudes. It is a way by which a project manager asserts his/her own professional knowledge to terminate a project successfully. There are different ways of a competencies division. Authors of this contribution focused on basic competencies and high performance competencies. Basic competencies of a project manager are comprehended as knowledge and skills that are indispensable for an own performance of managerial work. High performance competencies are relatively stable demonstrations of behaviour, by using them teams leaded by a project manager reach outstanding results. In contemporary entrepreneurial environment that is characterized by a high dynamics of changes, market globalization, strong competition and short time of launching technologies the basic competencies are not sufficient enough for a project manager. High performance competencies enable the project managers to manage effectively in contemporary turbulent environment. The competent project manager performs above standard, excellent performance.
Having A Look Back To The Former Petrol-Based Electric Railway, Dornişoara - Tihuţa - Prundu Bârgăului
Authors: Cioancă Lia-Maria
Published: November 2015

The former petrol-based electric railway, built during First World War originally served for the food and ammunition transport meant for the armies, which had settled down the mountain peaks nearby, today in the area of Vatra Dornei or Cârlibaba and which were guarding the passage towards Transylvania. They were often used to evacuate the wounded and for commercial purposes as well, in order to transport cereal and many other kinds of grains at the blooming 1916, all this acquired from the requisitions of Bucovina and even from the smuggling or imports of Romania, which still enjoyed neutrality by the time.
Multilingualism As A Significant Element To European Integration
Authors: Georgieva Gergana
Published: November 2015

Since most European nations have been built on the basis of their own languages, it can be said that the European Union is solely based on its linguistic diversity. A sense of common belonging based on linguistic and cultural diversity is undoubtedly a powerful antidote against the manifestations of fanaticism. It is not easy to define exactly or comprehensively the values that everyone should adopt in order to become a full member of the European family. The article aims to prove that the European idea is based on the inextricably linked requirements: universal moral values and cultural diversity. Multilingualism in particular is a unique and significant element to European integration.
Human Resources As Risk Factors For Lean Manufacturing Implementation
Authors: Iuga Maria-Virginia , Kifor Claudiu-Vasile
Published: November 2015

The purpose of lean managements is to create and determine value and eliminate all non-value added activities. The idea of lean in the current manufacturing environment is to work and produce from the customer's perspective, and therefore to define value as a variable directly depending on the consumer of the good or service. Basically, lean is concerned with creating more value with fewer resources. LM (lean manufacturing) allows organizations to prosper in the marketplace being able to price competitively or invest in the development of products for future sustainability. Reducing the amount of waste, in example defective products, increases profits resulting in greater overall efficiencies. This paper analyses the risk factors which can hinder having a successful LM within an organization. The core focus of this study lies in discussing the risk factors in regards to human resources which can hinder organizations to successfully implement LM. Through a thorough literature and study review, the paper underlines the importance of a lean organizational culture and management. The lack of alignment of these two areas with the LM implementation will result in turning them from being the strongest implementation KPIs into being the highest risk factors and barriers for the company.
Armed Forces Management And Employment – New Direction For Preparing Future Army Commanders Of The Czech Republic
Authors: Jaros Vitezslav
Published: November 2015

The author describes the content of the new field study of “Armed forces management and employment” and specifies the reasons for its creation in the article. Next the author clarifies the graduate profile, a field of study and study goals. At the same time the location of the subject “Management of military units” is specified, as well as its content and the role in the shaping of the future of combined arms unit commander.
Professional Training Of Future Logistics Officers At National Military University Of Bulgaria
Authors: Nichev Nikolay , Petrova Elitsa
Published: November 2015

The specific of the officer’s military management activities lies in its functional responsibilities. The obligations and requirements determine them. The specifics of the military management activities of logistics officer are designated by the statute of military service in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria. This article represents the proficiency of the future logistics officers at Vasil Levski National Military University, which is achieved through training in two specialties: military training in “Organization and management of tactical units for logistics” and civil training in “Business Logistics”. In the both, cadets acquire the educational and qualification degree “Bachelor”.
Audit Of The Adequacy Degree For The Principle Of Activity Continuity
Authors: Ionescu Cicilia
Published: November 2015

Our entire research concerning audit of the adequacy degree for the principle of continuity in the activity of an entity is based on the personal experience in auditing the financial statements and mainly on looking for a plausible answer to the following question: „Does the auditor opinion expressed in an Audit Report totally support the credibility assessment of financial statements?” The answer for this question is that „the Auditor report supports the assessment of financial statements but is not a warranty regarding the future viability of the economic agent”. This warranty, if the timing is not too optimistic, is insured by the action undertaken by the auditor in the direction of auditing of the degree of adequacy of the principle of activity continuity.
The Monitoring Of Operating Costs Of The Vehicles In The Czech Army
Authors: Mares Jaromir , Zajicek Vaclav , Pochobradska Katerina
Published: November 2015

The paper deals with monitoring of operating costs of the vehicles in the Czech Army. The cost reduction is realized through the methods of controling, improvement of field maintenance quality, modularization of the units, acquiring of new equipment, the options of reducing fuel consumption by additives, trends in the maintenance area and surveillance systems implemented for check of the vehicles operation. Significantly, we proceeded to the method of cost reduction by implementing new equipment. We have proved the method success. Especially with vehicles T 810 the demostrated savings were about 12.7% of motor diesel in 2008. Similarly, it was also proved in 2009, when that the savings for the same vehicle T 810 in seven modifications were about 11.9% of diesel. The total contribution for the selected military facility of Czech Army was shown by significant overall saving. In 2009, the selected military facility used a total of 9 pieces of new vehicles T 810. The saving of the replaced equipment meant a total fuel savings of 1862 liters, which amounted to 2.34% of the total consumption of diesel.
A Clustering Of Listed Companies Considering Corporate Governance And Financial Variables
Authors: Moldovan Darie , Moca Mircea
Published: November 2015

The corporate governance quality has always been a decision criterion for investments, many recent studies trying to define metrics in order to help investors in their decision process. In this paper we investigate whether the clustering of companies’ information concerning their corporate governance politics and financial information could be mapped with the help of clustering. Our approach is to build clusters using machine learning techniques, based on corporate governance and financial variables from a number of 1400 listed companies. We evaluate the obtained clusters by matching them with the classes of two well-known indicators (Tobin’s Q and Altman Z-score), used to estimate the companies’ performance. We obtain partial matches of the benchmark variables and we compare the performances of the used algorithms.
Implementation Cost Calculation Using ABC Method
Authors: Ungureanu Sebastian
Published: November 2015

The cost information system plays an important role in every organization in the decision making process. An important task of management is to ensure control of the operations, processes, sectors of activity and not finally, on costs. Although the objectives of an organization contributes with more control systems (production control, quality control etc.), the cost information system is important because it monitors the results of others. The detailed analysis of costs, production cost calculation, quantification of losses, the work efficiency estimation provide a solid basis for financial control. Knowledge of cost is a decisive factor in taking decisions and planning future activities. Managers are concerned about the costs that will appear in the future, their level underpinning the supply and production decisions and pricing policies. An important factor is the cost efficiency of the information system so that the information provided by it is useful for decision support and planning the activities.
Influence Of The Exogenous Factors On The Market Policy
Authors: Văduva Cecilia Elena
Published: November 2015

The company has to anticipate the reactions of each party and to prepare the decisional variants to make possible the achievement of the pursued goals. The external factors are difficult to control in the company and confer the exogenous variable character to the price. The most important of these factors are: demand, competition, distribution, legislation and inflation.

The demand for a certain good is influenced by its price, constituting the determinant factor and also the non-price factor that appears under the name of the demand conditions.

The inquiry of the secondary sources supposes the analysis of the records in regard with the sales and prices in previous period.

The secondary data can serve as starting point in performing simulations of sales for different price levels. This information should also refer to the total sales in the market level and the competitors’ prices not only in sales and the company’s prices.

On a competitive market, the main source to support profitability is the competitive advantage and not a held market share. The price must be a tool in supporting and functioning of the competitive advantage, leading to the idea that the price is the reflection of this advantage in the profit equation.
A Brief Analysis On Preventive Measures Involving Deprivation Of Liberty
Authors: Barbu Denisa
Published: November 2015

Preventive measures are divided by the legislator in 2 categories: imprisonment (detention, house arrest, preventive arrest) and restrictive of rights (judicial review and judicial control on surety). An absolute novelty is the introduction of house arrest. There is some controversy concerning the conditions which must be fulfilled in order to be disposed by the judge of rights and freedoms, the judge of preliminary Chamber or Panel of judges either the house arrest or the measure of preventive arrest.

Whereas the establishment of preventive measures involves undermining the individual freedom, the national and the European laws have created a series of legal guarantees to prevent arbitrariness or abuse in making or extend/maintain them. There are also a number of provisions of a general nature, applicable to all preventive measures, namely, termination, revocation or replacement thereof. For all measures involving deprivation of liberty, general conditions must be fulfilled, stipulated by article 202, of the Code of Criminal Procedure, but for house arrest and detention in addition to the General conditions, special conditions should be fulfilled foreseen by article 223 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, conditions which must be cumulatively met.

Not fulfilling the cumulative criteria laid down in national and European norms cannot be replaced by other considerations of the judge.
A Comparative Inquiry Into The Legal Regime Of Mortis Causa Donations In Some Continental-European And Common Law Legal Systems
Authors: Codrea Codrin
Published: November 2015

The mortis causa donation is a particular form of donation, made in the anticipation of death. Its regime was subjected to particular different norms in some continental-European legal systems, such as the French and the Romanian ones, and in some common law legal systems, such as the English and the American ones. This article investigates in a comparative manner the different legal solutions regarding the status of mortis causa donations in French and Romanian legal systems, on one hand, and in the English and American legal systems, on the other. Although in the history of French law the donation mortis causa was recognized under the customary norms of the ancien droit, contemporary continental-European legal systems do not recognize an intermediary gratuitous act between testamentary provisions and donation contracts, while in the common law legal systems the mortis causa donation is recognized as a particular form of gratuitous transfer, but it has different legal effects in English and American legal systems.
Computer Related Forgery, Between Concept And Reality
Authors: Jîrlăianu Silviu
Published: November 2015

The reality today proves beyond any doubt a manifestation of an exacerbation of cybercrime in all its manifestations, the most common being those of unauthorized access to a computer system, theft of confidential data and their use for criminal purposes, modification of websites without permission from holders and others. Computer forgery is a criminal offense stipulated in the current Romanian Penal Code, the art. 325 and covers an area of specialized crime – acts committed in this context are likely to harm the production of materials, with very high costs and sometimes difficult to recover. In this case, combating or preventing the committing of such crimes represents a necessity of our days.
Application Of International Law Principles By International Tribunals
Authors: Mihăilă Marian
Published: November 2015

The observance of fundamental rules of public international law could be ensured only by the strengthening of penal law. However, despite several precedents assuring the good foundation of international law development in this respect and of the future endeavours expected to confirm the international society’s adhesion to the penal repression requirements, the low convergence of public international law and criminal law reveals the difficulties that may occur in the way of a doctrine persuaded by the necessity to construct a new legal subject in the domain of peace. The legitimacy of constituting the International Tribunals was proved, but on the other hand they were reproached the very lack of legitimacy, being ad-hoc constituted jurisdictions instituted by the winners, made only by the representatives of the victor powers, which deprived them from a true international character and the fact that their legal foundation as regards the applicable law was shaky.
The Contributions Of CJEU In The Name Of The Principle Of Balancing – A Test Of The Role Of The Court?
Authors: Orga-Dumitriu Gina
Published: November 2015

From the traditional functions of the general principles of the EU law – of interpretation, completion of the gaps and legality control, the principle of balancing seems to meet the most the exigencies of the first of these. The limits of the role of CJEU are certainly put to the test when it is called to settle conflicts between fundamental rights/fundamental freedoms. The trends formulated in Schmidberger (on the conflict between the free circulation of the commodities and the freedom of expression) or Promusicae (on the conflict between the right to the effective protection of the intellectual property and the right to the respect of the private life and the protection of the personal data) are more than illustrative. The doctrine assessments of the action of this principle reflect three fields in which the applicability thereof tends to reserve to the Court a role that is susceptible of creating controversies on its traditional extension. According to the authorized voice of Professor Norbert Reich, the balancing in the jurisprudence on the abusive clauses, the balancing for the avoidance of excessive protection and the balancing in social conflicts (making visible an aggravation of the conflict between fundamental rights and fundamental freedoms) are concerned.