bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Improvement of Evaporator Characteristics for the Beet Pump Low-Temperature Drying
Authors: Zhlobo R.A. , Shamarov M.V. , Stepanova E.G. , Zaytsev A.S.
Published: July 2023

A method was developed for thermal and structural calculation of the low-temperature plant air cooler designed for drying the beet pulp. Efficiency of the air cooler operation with moisture falling on the heat exchange surface, as well as optimization of the air cooler structural layout, were evaluated. The low-temperature drying plant productivity, for which the air cooler was designed, was taken equal to 21.4 kg/s of wet beet pulp (according to the drum dryer standard nomenclature). Length of the heat exchange surface was calculated through the pipes’ pitch along the front and depth, as well as the cooling capacity, on which basis the airflow was obtained making it possible to determine the device free section and the total length of the air cooler. Using these data, it becomes possible to effectively arrange and select equipment of the required overall dimensions. Nusselt and Reynolds criteria, heat transfer coefficient to the air cooler clean surface, reduced heat transfer coefficient, efficiency coefficients of the fin and of the heat transfer with freon boiling in the pipe, conditional heat transfer coefficient, as well as the wall temperature value, specific heat flux, moisture loss on the evaporator surface, heat transfer coefficient and device aerodynamic resistance in air were calculated
Vínculos protectores : apego en padres e hijos en vulnerabilidad
Authors: Geenen Greet , Corveleyn Jozef , Traverso Koroleff Pierina , Llanos Bustamante Eduardo
Published: July 2023

El libro consta de ocho capítulos, un glosario y ocho apéndices en los que se muestran casos y materiales de análisis útiles para la investigación. En los siete primeros capítulos se analizan los conceptos más importantes de la teoría del apego, se muestran ejemplos reales en los que se evidencia cómo se desarrolla el apego en condiciones de riesgo y se brindan recomendaciones para la implementación de políticas que ayuden a fomentar un apego seguro entre padres e hijos. El último capítulo es un trabajo realizado por Pierina Traverso Koroleff titulado “Los preludios del vínculo de apego en dos madres adolescentes de una zona urbanomarginal de Lima”.
El imán
Authors: Belli Carlos Germán
Published: July 2023

El imán es una palabra que se repite, más de una vez, en esta colección de crónicas de viaje escritas por Carlos Germán Belli. El autor no ha vacilado en elegirla como título de su libro, y al hacerlo así pone en evidencia que ha querido ir al grano en su propósito de señalar la atracción que ejerce en él -como en tantas otras personas- el acto de viajar. Sí, pues, el deslizarse en el espacio y en el tiempo, que, según parece, ocurre bajo los designios del misterioso azar, el cual va guiando magnéticamente sus pasos hacia el hallazgo inusitado y del todo imprevisto. Pero el viajar aquí no es sólo un desplazamiento horizontal sino también vertical -no otra cosa que una inmersión entrañable-, que, en buen romance, es ir por el mundo sin dejar de pensar en su propio reino interior.
La ilusión del progreso : los caminos hacia el Estado-Nación en el Perú y América Latina (1820-1860)
Authors: Orrego Penagos Juan Luis
Published: July 2023

La ilusión del progreso es un intento por abordar la historia republicana del Perú desde la fundación del Estado peruano hasta el final del gobierno de Castilla (1821-1862). Loa hace desde un punto de vista no simplemente localista, sino que se proyecta a otros países de América Latina como Argentina, Chile, Ecuador y México, con lo cual nos introduce en una metodología de historia comparada que permite una comprensión más completa del primer medio siglo de vida independiente en el continente.
Los desórdenes de la conducta alimentaria : anorexia y bulimia
Authors: Zusman Tinman Lillyana
Published: July 2023

Este libro aborda de forma didáctica la anorexia y la bulimia, enfermedades que se presentan cada vez con mayor frecuencia en sociedades donde el hambre no es un problema real, sino por el contrario, donde la comida se consigue con facilidad y es parte de la oferta social y cultural. Zusman concluye que estas conductas no se pueden estigmatizar como patologías individuales y que deben ser comprendidas desde la intersección de la psicología, la medicina, la historia y las ciencias sociales.
¿Cómo estudiar ciencia política? : una introducción en trece lecciones
Authors: Nohlen Dieter
Published: July 2023

Dieter Nohlen reúne en este libro sus experiencias teóricas y metodológicas sobre cómo enseñar y cómo estudiar Ciencia Política. Resultado de cuarenta años de impartir cursos sobre la disciplina a estudiantes latinoamericanos, el autor expone en trece lecciones la justificación científica de la Ciencia Política, que permite distinguir el tratamiento científico de la política de los comentarios políticos que cada día transmiten los medios de comunicación. Las primeras seis lecciones se refieren a la teoría y metodología de la materia, las otras siete a objetos de estudio de la disciplina en el ámbito del gobierno comparado.
Cajas
Authors: Montalbetti Mario , Alayza Gabriel
Published: July 2023

Mario Montalbetti, poeta y lingüista, ha lanzado al espacio un nuevo artefacto: Cajas. En un formato que podría ser incorporado a cualquier catálogo de libros objeto, este volumen explora la relación entre el lenguaje y la dimensión espacial. Se trata a su vez de una indagación filosófica en torno al objeto, una incursión semiótica en el espacio —en el sentido de áreas y volúmenes. Pero sin duda, creemos que es una continuación de la búsqueda de Montalbetti en el campo del sentido, la poesía y el discurso. Una caja es un objeto tridimensional que distingue un dentro de un fuera, explica el autor; a su vez, refiere, hay diversos tipos de cajas, puede ser un sobre, un maletín, una casa. ¿Qué es lo que puede guardar, ocultar o resguardar una caja? ¿Es una foto una caja 2D? ¿Una botella, es una caja? Montalbetti da respuestas como deja interrogantes. Y así de misterioso es este libro, revelador, lúdico, divertido. Varias de las características que un proceso de aprendizaje debe mostrar.
La Mesa Redonda sobre Todas las sangres, del 23 de junio de 1965
Authors: Rochabrún S. Guillermo
Published: July 2023

Diversos avatares postergaron hasta hoy la nueva edición a cargo de Rochabrún. Pero finalmente esta vez la edición ha sido posible en una conjunción de esfuerzos con el Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Tan sólo lamentamos que ella tenga lugar cuando don Alberto ya no se encuentre entre nosotros. Esta es una razón más para, como merecidísimo homenaje, dedicarla a su memoria. La presente edición, en lo que a texto impreso se refiere, contiene todo el material de la primera, aunque esta vez sus distintas partes han sido ordenas cronológicamente. Empieza con la Mesa Redonda, y continúa con los tres documentos que Alberto Escobar seleccionara para la primera edición: un apunte de Arguedas escrito esa misma noche y encontrado entre sus papeles, así como el intercambio escrito entre Oviedo y Quijano que tuvo lugar tras el debate. Luego hemos incluido la Introducción que Alberto Escobar preparara para la primera edición en 1985, para finalizar con el artículo que Rochabrún escribiera al calor de la restauración que decidió emprender por cuenta propia.
Construir instituciones : democracia, desarrollo y desigualdad en el Perú desde 1980
Authors: Crabtree John
Published: July 2023

La consolidación democrática de un país depende de la calidad de sus instituciones. Eso suena a lugar común. Pero lo que en realidad importa es cómo definimos estas instituciones; cómo las instituciones formales se relacionan con las informales, con las prácticas cotidianas de la gente, con la cultura política. Las instituciones sí son relevantes, pero lo fundamental es su relación con las dinámicas políticas y sociales subyacentes que quieren cambiar. Al analizar la naturaleza del desarrollo institucional en el Perú de los últimos años, este libro destaca la necesidad de una visión de largo plazo que tome en cuenta plenamente el contexto histórico en el que las instituciones puedan crecer. En el último cuarto de siglo no ha faltado intentos de construir nuevas instituciones democráticas, pero los logros duraderos -que sí lo hay- han sido decepcionantes. Las bases para una democracia verdadera son aún débiles.
Impact of Iron Rich Millet Biscuits in Alleviating Anaemia among Adolescent Girls of Samastipur District
Authors: Choudhury Sushree Sangita , Chaudhary Gitanjali
Published: July 2023

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common type of nutritional anaemia which affects people globally. Adolescent period symbolizes the initiating of menstrual period in girls hence, they are at a larger risk for nutritional anaemia. Supplementation, fortification and dietary diversification are the three initiatives for alleviating anaemia. Hence, this present investigation was undertaken with the objective to study the impact of millet based biscuits on haemoglobin level of adolescent girls of Samastipur district. Methods: The haemoglobin level of selected forty adolescent girls aged 17-19 years from Uma Pandey College in Pusa block at Samastipur district were carefully examined before intervention study. Experimental adolescent girls who fell in the Hb level range of less than 8 to 11.9 g/dl were intervened with 250 g of T5 millet biscuit for a period of 45 days in order to complement 1/3rd of the regular need of iron for adolescent girls. Result: The mean increase in haemoglobin level after intervention was found to be 1.24 g/dl in experimental girls which indicated the positive impact of millet biscuits on haematological health of anaemic adolescent girls. The present work will be a complementary contribution towards alleviating anaemia among adolescent girls.
SOCIAL ACTIONS OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN CHINUA ACHEBE'S A MAN OF THE PEOPLE
Authors: Andika Pratama Moh. Doan
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to describe the social action forms of the main characters in the novel A Man Of The People according to Max Weber's Social Action Theory. This research is important because this novel can open a new understanding of social action theory in a political perspective through the two main characters that have different political goals based on their social actions as individuals. The theory that will be used in this research is Max Weber's social action, social action is a conceptual benchmark for examining differences and similarities, as well as causal relationships, between social processes (Damsar, 2010, p. 35) which is focused on the main characters. The approach used is a sociological approach that focuses on literary works. Because the phenomenon of social action that occurs in society is often poured into literary works (Damono, 2004, p. 12). The method of this research is literary criticism. The research data is in the form of excerpts from the contents presented through conversations and narrations as social reality and depictions of social actions carried out by the main characters in the novel. Data collection is done by viewing and recording methods to get results and then proceed with discussion. The results obtained from this study are the social action of the main characters in the novel A Man Of The People: Max Weber's sociological study, that the four types of social action can be found in the main characters in this novel and how they achieve their own purpose based on their social actions. In the Rational-Instrumental action, Mr. Nanga did this action 7 times, while Odili only used instrumental actions once. In Traditional action, it was found that there were 3 actions related to tradition or actions that were carried out from generation to generation. In the value rational action, it was found that there were 4 actions that were all carried out by Odili. And for the affective action, Odili took 6 actions. This proves that Odili's moral value is higher to achieve his goals than using more efficient instruments that are counter-humanist such as instrumental rationality like Mr. Nanga did. But Odili's goals were not fully fulfilled because his country was overthrown by the Military and his party was dismissed.

Keywords: Sociology of Literature, Sociology of Max Weber, Social Actions.
Azab Kaum Lūt Dalam Al-Qur’an (Kajian Kisah Berbasis Tafsir ‘Ilmī)
Authors: Fauzan Muhammad Nuril
Published: July 2023

Thearchaeologicalfindings at Tall el-Hammam are often associated with evidence of a catastrophic event during the time of the Lūṭ's destruction. The Qur'an describes this event as a warning to future generations, and the discoveries made can be correlated with the Qur'an and studied urgently. This qualitative research project utilized library research techniques to explore how the events described in the Qur'an can be discussed in scientific discourse. Three forms of doom are identified, including lightning sounds, earth turning, and stone rain, which can be researched through the scientific lens of mufasir 'Ilmi. Some believe the event was caused by an erupting mountain, while others argue it was the result of a meteor shower. This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between scholarly interpretation and the scientific discoveries at Tall el-Hammam.
Islam dan Pembelaan Terhadap Perempuan: Studi Pemikiran Asghar Ali Engineer Teologi Pembebasan
Authors: Fadila Yola
Published: July 2023

At the time of the Prophet we were familiar with the term "jahiliyyah", namely ignorance, there was a lot of oppression against the weak (women). Asghar Ali Engineer's liberation theology is in line with the Al-Qur'an and Hadith. Which theology of liberation does not adhere to the Status Quo (establishment) system, because Islam is a force for liberation against exploitation, oppression and tyranny. Liberation Theology first appeared in Europe in the twentieth century, intended to see the role of religion in liberating humans. Second, the implementation of Asghar Ali Engineer's liberation theology concept, there are three concepts such as Jihad, Tawhid, and Faith. Humans are free creatures that are free to determine their own destiny. Without these three things it will not be realized to defend the Mustad'afin and women, the three concepts have one goal and path, namely to lead to the way of Allah SWT and free everything from oppression. This research uses the library research study method and a qualitative approach. Through liberation theology, we can know that liberation theology is in line with the Al-Qur'an and Hadith.
Urgensi Teknik Relaksasi dan Katarsis dalam Menurunkan Stres Pengasuhan Anak
Authors: Pridandi Pirhad
Published: July 2023

Kehadiran seorang anak di dalam sebuah keluarga dapat memberikan dampak psikologis, sosial serta ekonomi. Dalam kehidupan berumah tangga anak sebuah hal yang paling dinantikan karena menjadi sebuah anugerah dari Tuhan untuk para pasangan suami istri. Kehadiran seorang anak tidak luput dari adanya respon positif dan negatif. Karenanya banyak orangtua yang mengalami stres dalam pengasuhan anak. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan seberapa pentingnya teknik relaksasi dan katarsis dalam menurunkan stres pengasuhan anak tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka yang terdiri dari dua sumber yaitu sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan penurunan stres terhadap orangtua dalam mengasuh anak sangat penting untuk diperhatikan dan dikaji secara mendalam. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti mencoba untuk mengkaji seberapa penting teknik relaksasi dan katarsis dalam menurunkan stres yang ditimbulkan dari pengasuhan anak. Stres pengasuhan adalah respons psikologis dan fisiologis yang merugikan terhadap tuntutan pengasuhan selama proses pengasuhan. Hal ini menyebabkan ketegangan dan kecemasan yang dihasilkan dari upaya untuk beradaptasi dengan tuntutan dan kebutuhan anak. pentingnya teknik relaksasi dan teknik katarsis ini untuk menanggulangi banyaknya orang tua yang stres dalam pengasuhan anak. Teknik relaksasi dan katarsis sangat memungkinkan untuk dilaksanakan dalam mengurangi tingkat stres pengasuhan anak. Stres yang mengacu kepada Keadaan di mana tubuh menjadi tegang saat mencoba beradaptasi untuk melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari yang sangat sulit. Stres adalah kondisi yang tidak menyenangkan yang dirasakan orang sebagai tuntutan dari kondisi tersebut atau di luar kemampuan mereka untuk memenuhi tuntutan tersebut
Dhikr As A Therapy to Deal With Anxiety in Pregnant Women
Authors: Ramadani Salsabila - , Qurratul A’yun Ayu
Published: July 2023

Menggunakan dzikir sebagai mediasi atau terapi merupakan suatu hal yang sangat berpengaruh pada ibu hamil. Dzikir dianggap dapat membantu individu dalam membentuk keyakinan kepada Allah SWT. Dzikir dapat disamakan dengan terapi relaksasi atau mediasi dimana menekankan usaha untuk beristirahat dan bersantai dengan mengurangi ketegangan atau tekanan psikologis. Faktor yang berperan dalam kecemasan ibu hamil salah satunya adalah kemampuan mengendalikan emosi. Pada penelitian kali ini peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian dari wawancara dan observasi menunjukkan bahwa dengan terapi dzikir dapat membantu mengurangi kecemasan yang dialami ibu hamil.
Konstruksi Gerbang Bidayah dan Nihayah dalam Tasawuf (Analisis Kitab Muroqi al-Ubudiyah)
Authors: Rahman Fawait Syaiful
Published: July 2023

Syaikh Nawawi al-Jawi murni orang jawa yang dengan kepakarannya mampu menyeimbangi gagasan imam al-Ghazali yang terdapat dalam kitab Muraqil Ubudiyah. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian pustaka. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi. Sedangkan proses analisis menggunakan deskriptif-induktif. Imam Nawawi al-Jawi dalam kitab Muraqil Ubudiyah menggagas konsep permulaan (bidayah) dan akhir (nihayah), ada zahir ada batin. Seorang sufi tidak akan pernah sampai pada nihayah sebelum mengenal dan melaksanakan bidayah. Bidayah adalah episentrum sampainya seorang sufi kepada derajat nihayah. Nihayah ini diartikan sebagai buah dari syariat dan thariqat atau buah dari thariqat saja (dengan mengutip Imam al-Shawi). Imam Nawawi dapat menggmbarkan secara romantis relasi antara syariah, thoriqoh, dan hakikat melalui deskripsi yang rasional, syariat ibarat perahu, thariqat ibarat laut, dan hakikat merupakan mutiara yang tersimpan dalam laut. Satu-satunya cara untuk meraih mutiara yang tersimpan dalam laut harus menyelami lautan sedalam apapun melalui media perahu.
Istikhdām Kitāb Qowā’id al-I’lāl bi ṭarīqah Tamyīz fī Ta’līm as-Ṣarf
Authors: Irmansyah Irmansyah , Qaaf Muahammad Alfath , Jumhur Jumhur
Published: July 2023

إجراء تعليم الصرف باستخدام كتاب قواعد الإعلال ببلمبانج شيء غريب في تعليم اللغة العربية. وتختص مواصفات الكتاب أغنية سندة من مؤلف الكتاب وهو كياي مسندير. بل تعليم الكتاب في المعهد بالمبانج مطور بطريقة التمييز. ها هذا بحث الباحث لمعرفة كيفية التعليم باستخدام الكتاب تعليما صرفيا بطريقة التمييز. استخدم الباحث هذا البحث بحثا وصفيا لوصف التعليم. ونتائج البحث هي تحطيط استخدام كتاب قواعد بطريقة التمييز في تعليم الصرف أن يلقي المدرس ما في الكتاب بأغنية. وعملية التعليم في استخدام الكتاب زائد بالأسئلة والأجوية. وتقويم التعليم في استخدام كتاب قواعد الإعلال في تعليم الصرف ثلاثة أنواع وهي الامتحان اليومي والامتحان في وسط نصف السنة والامتحان في نصف السنة. وكل امتحان يؤديه بطريقتين وهما شفهيا وتحريريا. والأوقات المقررة لتأدية امتحان مقررة بمؤسسة المعهد بل يؤدي الامتحان اليومي بأسهل ما يقرر المدرس.
HAK ISTRI DALAM HUBUNGAN SEKSUAL MENURUT HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM
Authors: Aeni Azmi Ro'yal , Alhizbi Maulana Ni'ma
Published: July 2023

In marital relations, one of which is sexual relations, Islam puts forward the principles of equality between husband and wife, but in reality, women often treated unfriendly and prone to not fulfilling their rghts, one of which is the right to enjoy sexual relations. This study aims to understand the right to enjoy sexual relations for women in Islam an its relation to communication in marriage, as well as the exposure of ‘aqd tamlik  and ‘aqd ibahah in marriage. The research method used in this research s library research with a normative approach. The result of this research is that culture has formed male superiority in sexual relations. Religious texts need to be accompanied by good communication in marriage as bridge for the creation of good husband and wife relatons. ‘Aqd tamlik is marriage with concept of a contract of ownership (the husband owns the wife completely), ‘aqd ibahah means the concept of marriage involving an agreement between the two parties.
Keywords: Women's Rights; Marriage Communication; Islamic Family Law
PERAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL BERBASIS ELEKTRONIK PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERKAWINAN ISLAM
Authors: Musfirah Deza , Himsyah Fatroyah Ars , Susantin Jamiliya
Published: July 2023

Electronic Based Sexual Violence (KSBE) is a new type of violence. Many children are victims of this type of violence. Parents have an important role in prevention. The aims of this research are: (1) To explain the role of prevention that can be carried out by the family against electronic-based sexual violence according to the perspective of Islamic marriage law: (2) To know the legal consequences for parents who are negligent in preventing Electronic-Based Sexual Violence. This type of research is library research, with primary legal materials in the form of Komnas Perempuan's annual notebooks, Islamic marriage law books, Al-Quran, Hadith, and Laws, as well as secondary legal materials, namely scientific journals, articles that intersect with the legal topics studied. and tertiary legal materials in the form of an Indonesian dictionary. Legal materials are collected by reviewing, recording, and evaluating library materials, as well as searching through the internet and analyzing legal materials by interpreting the legal materials that have been processed. The results of the study show that: (1) the role of prevention that can be carried out by the family against KSBE from the perspective of Islamic marriage law, namely: providing education to children, supervising children, and giving love and affection to children. (2) As a legal consequence of parents' negligence in preventing the occurrence of KSBE in children, the parents' authority can be revoked for a certain time at the request of other parents with a court decision.
Keywords: Electronic Based Sexual Violence, Family Role, Islamic Marriage Law
Re-Offending by Released Terrorist Prisoners: Separating Hype from Reality
Authors: Silke Andrew , Morrison John
Published: July 2023

In this Policy Brief, the authors critically analyse the definition of 'recidivism', and demonstrate the need for a concrete operational definition before one is able to truly analyse recidivist activity. Following this, the authors discuss terrorist recidivism in a range of international contexts, ranging from Northern Ireland to Sri Lanka, the United States to Israel. By taking this broader perspective it allows the reader to gain a greater understanding of what factors related to recidivism rates may be context-specific, and which are universal.
Suicide Bombings in Mindanao
Authors: Yeo Yaoren Kenneth
Published: July 2023

This Policy Brief analyses the suicide bombing phenomenon in the Philippines. The frequency of suicide bombing in January 2019 is unprecedented in Mindanao. The Sawadjaan faction of the Abu Sayyaf had since proactively attempted suicide bombing attacks to varying levels of success. This article highlights the three trends of suicide bombing in Mindanao and outlines measures the authorities can take to combat the threat.
Civilians on the Front Lines of (Counter-)Terrorism: Lessons from the Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland in Burkina Faso
Authors: Demuynk Meryl
Published: July 2023

In the wake of the lethal attack conducted in Solhan, northeast Burkina Faso, during the early hours of 5 June 2021, debates around the use of civilian auxiliaries in the fight against violent extremism have reinvigorated. Faced with a dramatic rise in terrorist violence since 2015, national authorities have decided to arm their own citizens, allowing, since early 2020, the recruitment of nationals willing to voluntarily defend, if necessary by force of arms, their villages or places of residence. While this initiative has been generally welcomed by the population, the creation of the Volunteers for the Defence of the Homeland (Volontaires pour la Défense de la Patrie), has continued to raise serious concerns, particularly with regard to the risk of further exacerbating violence, redirecting it against civilians, and increasing intercommunal tensions. Almost two years after the promulgation of the law, this policy brief aims to confront the rationale behind this strategy with the outcomes of its implementation and the main challenges it has raised, identifying lessons learned and providing recommendations on the way forward.
Cooperation with the Taliban to Counter Terrorism in Afghanistan
Authors: Saul Ben
Published: July 2023

This policy brief examines prospects for international cooperation with the unrecognised Taliban government in order to counter terrorism in Afghanistan, consistent with international law. It first sketches the levers for influencing the Taliban to suppress terrorism, before considering the possibilities for lawful foreign law enforcement and military cooperation.
SOCIALIZATION OF PRE-TREATMENT ON ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY LIVESTOCK CAGES AND FECAL WITH BIOACTIVACTORS IN THE VILLAGE GUNUNGSARI, UMBULSARI DISTRICT
Authors: Ayu Savitri Dewi , Eko Wiyono Andi , Januar Jani , Aisah Siti , Shara Mahardika Nidya
Published: July 2023

Gunungsari Village is one of the villages whose people almost have livestock that are used as a source of side and main income. However, the existence of these farm animals, in addition to having a positive impact, also causes negative impacts. The negative impact caused is the accumulation of manure. This leads to the onset of unpleasant aromas and health problems. To overcome this, devotion is carried out through assistance in the use of livestock manure using EM4. This assistance aims to provide education so that the partner community can know how to use manure that accumulates independently. In this service, it is carried out by conducting a direct demonstration of fertilizer making using EM4 and manure. In addition, a sharing session was also held with representatives of target partners. With this, it causes an increase in knowledge so that other partner communities can apply it.
Composition, features, problems, and treatment related to cooling fluid – a review
Authors: Stajuda Lukasz , Levchenko Dmytro , Kubiak Przemyslaw , Siczek Kamil , Boguslawski Grzegorz , Kuchar Maciej , Wozniak Marek , Szymczyk Mateusz , Ozuna Gustavo , Siczek Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

Vehicle coolant is one of the most important operating fluids. Along with changes in the design of engines, the composition of the coolant has also changed. The main function of the coolant is heat transfer (HT). It absorbs up to one-third of the heat energy generated by the engine. The coolant is also responsible for protecting the cooling system from damage caused by corrosion, scaling and deposits. The unfavorable working environment of the engine is also affected by smaller capacities of the cooling systems (CSs) of the drive units, extreme temperatures and increased pressure in the CS, enhancing the importance of the fluid composition. The coolant must be replaced every three years or 100,000 kilometers or every five years or 250,000 kilometers with the Organic Acid Technology (OAT). It is worth remembering that coolant of unknown composition or low quality used for a long time can expose the system to engine overheating, corrosion, deposits and restriction of liquid flow. This can lead to engine failure, in extreme cases even engine seizure. Currently, there are many types of fluids, including nanocoolants with different compositions, that are available on the cooling market. The article presents these fluids, describe the most common failures of CSs, present the currently used methods of fluid replacement in the engine and proposes an innovative method based on the pressure method, which allows both replacing the fluid in the entire system and cleaning it.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF JAYWALKING CONFLICTS BY A LIDAR SENSOR
Authors: ANSARIYAR Alireza , JEIHANI Mansoureh
Published: July 2023

The light detection and ranging (Lidar) sensor is a remote sensing technology that can be used to monitor pedestrians who cross an intersection outside of a designated crosswalk or crossing area, which is a key safety application of lidar sensors at signalized intersections. Hereupon, the Lidar sensor was installed at the Hillen Rd - E 33rd St. intersection in Baltimore city to collect real-time jaywalkers’ traffic data. In order to propose safety improvement considerations for the pedestrians as one of the most vulnerable road users, the paper aims to investigate the reasons for jaywalking and its potential risks for increasing the frequency and severity of vehicle-pedestrian conflicts. In a three-month time, interval from December 2022 to February 2023, a total of 585 jaywalkers were detected. By developing a generalized linear regression model and using K-means clustering, the highly correlated independent variables to the frequency of jaywalking were recognized, including the speed of jaywalkers, the average PET of vehicle-pedestrians, the frequency of vehicle-pedestrian conflicts, and the weather condition. The volume of vehicles and pedestrians and road infrastructure characteristics such as medians, building entrances, vegetation on medians, and bus/taxi stops were investigated, and the results showed that as the frequency of jaywalking increases, vehicle-pedestrian conflicts will occur more frequently and with greater severity. In addition, jaywalking speed increases the likelihood of severe vehicle-pedestrian conflicts. Also, during cloudy and rainy days, 397 pedestrians were motivated to jaywalk (or 68% of total jaywalkers), making weather a significant factor in the increase in jaywalking.
FACTORS RELATED TO MOTORCYCLING PERFORMANCE OF THE ELDERLY: A CASE STUDY OF KHI LEK SUBDISTRICT, UBON RATCHATHANI PROVINCE, THAILAND
Authors: BOONKHAO Laksanee , WINTACHAI Pirawan , PONGAREE Supasinee , RATTANACHAIKUNSOPON Pongsak , BAUKEAW Warisin , KAEWSUK Wannee , SAENRUEANG Thitima
Published: July 2023

Thailand had a decline in traffic fatalities even though the estimate is only approximate. This study aims to examine the factors related to the motorcycling riding performance of 69 motorcyclists aged 60 and older in Khi Lek Subdistrict, Muang District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. Data were collected from interviews on driving behavior with the participants and their driving performance from the tests modeled on the Thai driving license test. Fisher’s Exact Test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the elderly exhibited good motorcycle driving behavior (91.30 %); however, their riding ability was at the level of “need to be improved” (85.51%). They showed poor performance on the reflex test (72.46%) and the depth perception test (69.57%). The tests the participants passed were the color blindness test (100%) and the peripheral vision test (61.82%). This study also found that the average daily motorcycle driving distance (p-value = 0.045) and motorcycle driving experience (p-value = 0.036) of the older motorcycle riders were determined to be statistically significant factors. The findings are useful for responsible organizations to decide on road safety policies to lower the risks of accidents involving elderly motorcycle riders in Thailand. They could consider revoking lifetime driver’s licenses, providing training to promote safe driving techniques, and taking into account how the elderly’s riding performance is correlated to their average daily driving distance and driving experience.
THE USE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE OPERATING LOADS OF PNEUMATIC TIRES
Authors: WARCZEK Jan , BROL Sebastian , KOZUBA Jarosław
Published: July 2023

Steel is a typical construction material with ferromagnetic properties. This material is often used as a structural component of composites whose task is to transfer mechanical loads. This function is performed by the steel wires placed inside the tires. The aim of the preliminary tests was to determine the influence of air pressure changes in the pneumatic wheel on the distribution of the magnetic field observed outside the tire. The research used a magnetostrictive sensor that reacts to changes in magnetic induction. A sensor with three perpendicular measurement directions was used, and the components of the magnetic induction vector were measured at selected measurement points located in the space surrounding the tested tire. During the tests, measurements were made of the tire’s magnetic field under various load conditions. The results confirmed the occurrence of measurable effects of changes in the magnetic field distribution of the tire depending on the pressure inside.
OCTAVE BAND ANALYSIS OF CAR NOISE EMISSIONS AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS AND ON DIFFERENT PAVEMENTS
Authors: STANEVA Gergana , IVANOV Rosen , KADIKYANOV Georgi
Published: July 2023

Noise from cars is one of the main sources of harmful pollution. In the presented paper, an octave frequency band analysis is conducted according to standard methods of external and internal noise measurement. Experiments at different speeds, with three types of cars—conventional gasoline (GV), hybrid (HEV) and pure electric (BEV)— were carried out on two types of pavement—damaged coarse-grained and smooth finegrained asphalt. The results show variations in external and internal noise levels vs. speed in different octave bands. At each speed, a spectral analysis was done. The diagrams with results show changes in noise level vs. speed and the positions of noise maximums. Regression models for the octave spectrum at different speeds and pavements are developed.
Transitioning Towards Net Zero Emissions in the Chemical and Process Industries: A Holistic Perspective
Authors: Glavič Peter , Pintarič Zorka Novak Novak , Levičnik Helena , Dragojlović Vesna , Bogataj Miloš
Published: July 2023

Transitioning towards net zero emissions is critical in the chemical and process industries to combat climate change and ensure environmental sustainability. Key focus areas of this review include the reduction of carbon emissions, the efficient utilization of energy resources, and the adoption of sustainable practices. Cutting-edge technologies such as biomass utilization, biotechnology applications, and waste management strategies are crucial in achieving this transition. Industries, including cement production, encounter unique challenges in their quest for sustainability and must actively seek innovative solutions to mitigate their carbon footprint effectively. The role of hydrogen as a clean fuel and its potential to revolutionize the chemical and process sectors is also discussed. The European Green Deal and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are significant for the chemical industry. They provide a clear roadmap and framework for promoting sustainability, driving innovation, and reducing the industry's environmental impact. By aligning with these initiatives, the chemical industry can enhance its competitiveness, contribute to societal well-being, and foster collaboration across sectors to achieve shared sustainability objectives.
An Approach to the Implementation of Neural Network for Cryptographic Protection of Data Transmission at UAV
Authors: Tsmots Ivan , Teslyuk Vasyl , Łukaszewicz Andrzej , Lukashchuk Yurii , Kazymyra Iryna , Holovatyy Andriy , Opotyak Yurii
Published: July 2023

An approach to the implementation of neural network for real-time cryptographic data protection with symmetric keys oriented on embedded systems is presented. This approach is valuable especially for onboard communication systems in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) because of suitability to hardware implementation. In this study we evaluate the possibility to build such a system in hardware implementation at FPGA. The proposed integrated neural network approach for real-time cryptographic data protection was based on theoretical foundations of neural network cryptographic data protection, new algorithms and structures of neural network data encryption and decryption, modern hardware components with programmable structure. The development and implementation of the on-board neural network system for cryptographic data protection in real-time are based on the following principles: variable composition of equipment; modularity; conveyorization and spatial parallelism; hardware and software modification and making them suitable for data encryption and decryption. The tabular-algorithmic method for calculation of the scalar product has been improved that makes it possible to perform fast calculation of the scalar product of fixed-point and floating-point input data by bringing them to the largest common order of weights and forming tables of macro-partial products. Components of neural network cryptographic data encryption and decryption have been developed on the processor core supplemented by specialized scalar product calculation modules. The specialized hardware for neural network cryptographic data encryption was developed using VHDL for equipment programming in the Quartus II development environment ver. 13.1 and the appropriate libraries, and implemented on the basis of the FPGA EP3C16F484C6 Cyclone III family.
A Novel Mechanism for Bone Loss: Platelet Count Negatively Correlates with Bone Mineral Density via Megakaryocyte-Derived RANKL
Authors: Kikuchi Shohei , Wada Akinori , Kamihara Yusuke , Yamamoto Imari , Kirigaya Daiki , Kunimoto Kohei , Horaguchi Ryusuke , Fujihira Takuma , Nabe Yoshimi , Minemura Tomoki , Dang Nam H , Sato Tsutomu
Published: July 2023

A potential association between hematopoietic stem cell status in the bone marrow and the surrounding bone tissue has been hypothesized, and some studies have investigated the link between blood count and bone mineral density (BMD), although their exact relationship remains controversial. Moreover, biological factors linking the two are largely unknown. In our present study, we found no clear association between platelet count and BMD in the female group, with aging having a very strong effect on BMD. On the other hand, a significant negative correlation was found between platelet count and BMD in the male group. As a potential mechanism, we examined whether megakaryocytes, the source of platelet production, secrete cytokines that regulate BMD, namely OPG, M-CSF, and RANKL. We detected the production of these cytokines by megakaryocytes deriving from bone marrow mononuclear cells and found that RANKL was negatively correlated with BMD. This finding suggests that RANKL production by megakaryocytes may mediate the negative correlation between platelet count and BMD. To our knowledge, this is the first report to analyze bone marrow cells as a mechanism for the association between blood count and BMD. Our study may provide new insights into the development and potential treatment of osteoporosis.
Pain in Osteoarthritis: Driven by Intrinsic Rather Than Extrinsic Joint Afferents and Why This Should Impact Treatment
Authors: Devor Marshall
Published: July 2023

Pain in osteoarthritis (OA) results from erosion of joint cartilage, resulting in bone contacting bone without an intervening cushion. The periosteum, including its nociceptive innervation, ends at the border of the cartilage meaning that there is no extrinsic neuronal pathway between the opposing denuded bone surfaces to carry a bone-on-bone pain signal to the brain. The pain signaling pathway must therefore originate in nociceptive sensory endings within the subchondral bone itself. Selective ablation of this intrinsic nerve pathway, using any of a variety of approaches, is expected to permanently eliminate OA pain.
Prediction of Contact Fatigue Performance Degradation Trend Based on Multi-domain Features and Temporal Convolutional Network
Authors: Liu Yu , Liu Yuanbo , Yang Yan
Published: July 2023

In order to realize the performance degradation trend prediction accurately, a prediction method based on multi-domain features and temporal convolutional network (TCN) is proposed. Firstly, construct a high-dimensional feature set in the multi-domain of vibration signals, and use comprehensive evaluation indicators to preliminarily screen performance degradation indexes with good sensitivity and strong trend. Secondly, the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) method is adopted to eliminate redundant information between multi-domain features, and construct a health index (HI) based on convolutional auto-encoder (CAE) network. Thirdly, a TCN-based performance degradation trend prediction model is constructed, and direct multi-step prediction is used to predict the performance degradation trend of the monitored object. On this basis, the validity of the proposed method is verified using the bearing public data, and it is successfully applied to performance degradation trend prediction of rolling contact fatigue specimen. The results show that the feature set can be reduced from 14 dimensions to 4 dimensions by using KPCA, while 98.33% of the information of the original feature set is retained. Furthermore, the method of constructing HI based on CAE network is effective. The change process of the HI constructed truly reflects the performance degradation process of the rolling contact fatigue specimen. Compared with the two commonly used HI construction methods, auto-encoding (AE) network and gaussian mixture model (GMM), this method has obvious advantages. At the same time, the prediction model based on TCN can accurately predict the performance degradation of the rolling contact fatigue specimen with the root mean square error 0.0146 and the mean absolute error 0.0105, which has better performance and higher prediction accuracy than the prediction model based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) network and the gated recurrent unit (GRU). This method has general significance and may be extended to the performance degradation prediction of other mechanical equipment/parts.
Motor Coordination in Primary School Students: The Role of Age, Sex and Physical Activity
Authors: Canli Tülay , Canli Umut , Taskın Cüneyt , Aldhahi Monira I.
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the differences in motor coordination (MC) of primary school students based on sex, age, and physical activity participation (PAP), as well as investigation the binary and triple interactions of these variables on MC. In addition, ıt is aim to determine the validation and reliability of the KTK3+ test for Turkish schoolchildren aged 6-9. The sample consisted of 848 students from public primary schools, aged between 6-9 years, including 412 boys and 436 girls. Anthropometric characteristics such as height and body weight were meas-ured, and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK3+) test battery was utilized to evaluate the levels of MC of the students. One-way multi-variate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to determine the binary and triple interactions of sex, age and PAP variables on the MC parameters of the participants. The study revealed that boys had higher scores than girls on eye-hand coordination (EHC) (p < 0.05). No significant dif-ference was found balancing backwards (BB), jumping sideways (JS) and moving sideways (MS) (p > 0.05). When the subtests of the KTK3+ were compared by age levels, a significant difference was determined between the groups in all subtests (p < 0.05). With respect to PAP, students who PAP had a significant advantage in all subtests of the KTK3+ (p < 0.05). It was determined that none of the interaction terms between sex, age, and PAP created a significant difference in any KTK (p= 0.294; 0.680; 0.471; 0.970, p > 0.05, respectively). The results that the boys aged 6-9 per-formed better than girls in EHC, but girls Furthermore, an increase in age level and PAP result-ed in higher scores in all subtests. This study presents evidence supporting sex differences in the motor skills of children within this age range and highlights the potential impact of age and physical activity on motor development.
Effects of Surface Morphology and Type of Cross-linking of Chitosan- Pectin Microspheres on their Degree of Swelling and Favipiravir Release Behavior
Authors: Jabrail Fawzi Habeeb , Hameed Amer Rashid , Majdoub Hatem
Published: July 2023

The cross-linked microspheres were prepared and loaded with Favipiravir SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug, by copolymerization of chitosan (CS) with a polysaccharide extracted from fresh pomegranate peels. Moreover, glutaraldehyde (Glu) has been used as chemical cross-linker ,and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as physical cross-linker. The extracted polysaccharide was analyzed and different techniques have been used and the analyses leads to the fact that it is pectin .The surface morphology of the prepared microspheres was studied use scanning electron microscope where the size and the shape factor (S) of Glu microspheres have shown high values(74.27μm) and (0.852) respectively means their surfaces are tends to roughness, whereas the SHMP microspheres have shown size particle(20.47μm)and shape factor (0.748) which gives indication that the SHMP microspheres have smooth surfaces. The swelling studies have shown that Glu microspheres have higher degree of swelling which means SHMP microspheres are more compact. The prepared microspheres have shown more Loading percentage of Favipiravir antiviral drug in SHMP microspheres(37%w/w)in comparison with Glu microspheres(35%w/w) where the electrostatic interaction between the Favipiravir ions and SHMP anions help for more loading. The microspheres prepared under different types of cross-linking have shown initially burst release of Favipiravir and followed by a step of controlled release for a certain time where its period depends on the pH of the release media. Both Glu and SHMP cross-linked microspheres have shown high controlled release time in buffered release solution of pH 7.4 and for a less periods in pH 1.3 and pH 9.4 which may related to the type of electrostatic interactions between drug and polymer system and their reactions with release solution ions.
A Review on Botnet Attacks
Authors: Deeks Mia
Published: July 2023

Botnet Attacks are one of the many types of ways to attack users in their day to day browsing, often of different trends and techniques to take your information without your control. Most firewalls can amply protect you against these trends and techniques, but scarily enough, recent articles and research have shown that they are starting to bypass said firewalls through layers of attacks, confusing your best line of defense. In this Report, we will be looking into exactly what are Botnets and the different subsets, what we can do to combat Botnet Attacks, where do they come from, their origin, the analysis of their kit and what we can put together from information collected. Through this we will be able to reach a conclusion of what we can use to possibly mitigate the effect they have on the internet and stop them from enacting their purpose.