bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flume experiments reveal flows in the Burgess Shale can sample and transport organisms across substantial distances
Authors: Bath Enright Orla G. , Minter Nicholas J. , Sumner Esther J. , Mángano M. Gabriela , Buatois Luis A.
Published: June 2021

The exceptionally preserved fossils entombed in the deposits of sediment-gravity flows in the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia have been fundamental for understanding the origin of major animal groups during the Cambrian explosion. More recently, they have been used to investigate the evolution of community structure; however, this assumes that the fossil assemblage represents an in-life community. Here we test this assumption for the first time based on experimental and field approaches. We use flume experiments to create analog flows and show that transport of the polychaete Alitta virens over tens of kilometers does not induce significantly more damage beyond that already experienced due to normal decay processes. Integration of experimental results with taphonomic assessment of fossils and sedimentological analysis suggests that the organisms of the Burgess Shale in the classic Walcott Quarry locality could have undergone substantial transport and may represent a conflation of more than one community.
Biogenic selenium nanoparticles by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 alleviate the intestinal permeability, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy induced by oxidative stress
Authors: Yan Shuqi , Qiao Lei , Dou Xina , Song Xiaofan , Chen Yue , Zhang Baohua , Xu Chunlan
Published: June 2021

SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 can effectively alleviate the H2O2-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction through regulating mTOR/PINK1-mediated mitophagy.
Changes in the digestion properties and protein conformation of sturgeon myofibrillar protein treated by low temperature vacuum heating during in vitro digestion
Authors: Liu Feijian , Dong Xiuping , Shen Shike , Shi Yugang , Ou Yangzhi , Cai Wenqiang , Chen Yuewen , Zhu Beiwei
Published: June 2021

The digestion properties of sturgeon myofibrillar protein (MF) treated by low temperature vacuum heating (LTVH) at different processing temperatures and times were studied and compared with those of sturgeon MF treated by traditional cooking (TC).
Enzymatic strategies for asymmetric synthesis
Authors: Hall Mélanie
Published: June 2021

Asymmetric synthesis achieved with enzymes for stereoselective reduction and bond forming reactions, enantioselective and atroposelective reactions.
Flavonoids derived from buckwheat hull can break advanced glycation end-products and improve diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Li Tianzhu , Yang Yuying , Wang Xiujuan , Dai Weichang , Zhang Lan , Piao Chunhong
Published: June 2021

Buckwheat hull flavonoids were potent in breaking AGEs.
Tailored porous carbons enabled by persistent micelles with glassy cores
Authors: Williams Eric R. , McMahon Paige L. , Reynolds Joseph E. , Snider Jonathan L. , Stavila Vitalie , Allendorf Mark D. , Stefik Morgan
Published: June 2021

Herein, we report the unique usage of glassy core micelles for the fabrication of mesoporous carbons with independent control of the material wall thickness and the template dimensions.
Temperature dependent poly(l-lactide) crystallization investigated by Fourier transform terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Ariyoshi Seiichiro , Ohnishi Satoshi , Mikami Hikaru , Tsuji Hideto , Arakawa Yuki , Tanaka Saburo , Hiroshiba Nobuya
Published: June 2021

Characteristic poly(l-lactide) absorption peaks were identified at 1.8, 4.0, 4.7, and 7.1 THz for an 80 °C crystallization temperature (Tc) sample; higher Tc resulted in a blue shift of the absorption peak frequency.
Earth-abundant non-toxic perovskite nanocrystals for solution processed solar cells
Authors: Aina Sergio , Villacampa Belén , Bernechea María
Published: June 2021

In this review, we summarize non-toxic perovskite nanocrystals incorporated in solar cells. We also discuss factors limiting efficiency, the approaches followed to overcome these limitations, and possible solutions to improve efficiency.
Piezoelectric enhancement of an electrospun AlN-doped P(VDF-TrFE) nanofiber membrane
Authors: Yang Jiang , Xu Fan , Jiang Hanxiao , Wang Conghuan , Li Xingjia , Zhang Xiuli , Zhu Guodong
Published: June 2021

A small amount of AlN doping induced a large piezoelectric enhancement of electrospun piezoelectric polymer nanofibers. A device was developed for mechanical energy harvesting and sensing of pulse, finger bending and multipoint recognition.
Determination of biogenic amines in alcoholic beverages using a novel fluorogenic compound as derivatizing reagent
Authors: Zhu Fangfang , Liu Honglong , Zhang Wenqing , Du Chuanyuan , Zhu Hao , Du Xiaodi , Hu Xiaosong , Lin Yawei
Published: June 2021

A novel fluorescent turn-on probe was synthesized and served as a pre-column derivatizing reagent for quantitative analysis of biogenic amines, then a method was established and used in their quantification in several alcoholic beverages.
Capturing photochemical and photophysical transformations in iron complexes with ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy and scattering
Authors: Gaffney Kelly J.
Published: June 2021

Ultrafast X-ray scattering and spectroscopy captures photophysical and photochemical transformations of 3d transition metal complexes with atomistic detail.
A desulfurization fuel cell with alkali and sulfuric acid byproducts: a prototype and a model
Authors: Wei Jucai , Gu Yueyuan , Wu Xu
Published: June 2021

This work aims at the simultaneous recovery of energy and chemical products from waste and effluent gases.
Inertia force effect on longitudinal vibrations of underground pipelines
Authors: Rahkmankulova Barna , Mirzaev Sayibdjan , Aynakulov Sharafidin , Khusainov Rakhmatjon , Khusainov Saparboy
Published: June 2021

The effect of the inertia term on the longitudinal displacements of an underground pipeline is shown for various cases of pipe fastening when a seismic wave propagates along its axis. The problem is solved by analytical and numerical methods. The pipe-soil interaction is assumed to be elastic (shear stress generated in soil is proportional to the relative displacement between the pipe and soil).
Natural Vibrations of the Reinforced Tapered Shell with Taking Into Account the Viscoelastic Properties of the Material
Authors: Ishmamatov Matlab , Kulmuratov Nurillo , Ахmedov Nasriddin , Хаlilov Shaxob , Ablakulov Sherzod
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the integro-differential equations of natural oscillations of a viscoelastic ribbed truncated conical shell are obtained based on the Lagrange variational equation. The general research methodology is based on the variational principles of mechanics and variational methods. Geometrically nonlinear mathematical models of the deformation of ribbed conical shells are obtained, considering such factors as the discrete introduction of edges. Based on the finite element method, a method for solving and an algorithm for the equations of natural oscillations of a viscoelastic ribbed truncated conical shell with articulated and freely supported edges is developed. The problem is reduced to solving homogeneous algebraic equations with complex coefficients of large order. For a solution to exist, the main determinant of a system of algebraic equations must be zero. From this condition, we obtain a frequency equation with complex output parameters. The study of natural vibrations of viscoelastic panels of truncated conical shells is carried out, and some characteristic features are revealed. The complex roots of the frequency equation are determined by the Muller method. At each iteration of the Muller method, the Gauss method is used with the main element selection. As the number of edges increases, the real and imaginary parts of the eigenfrequencies increase, respectively.
Irrigation of the cultivated area with groundwater from vertical drainage wells
Authors: Mirkhasilova Zulfiya , Yakubov Мurat , Irmuhamedova Lyudmila
Published: June 2021

In recent years, there has been a shortage of water resources in the basins of the Amu Darya and Syrdarya rivers, which is the result of the development of new lands for irrigation and the inappropriate use of water and land resources.

A side effect of irrigation and land reclamation is the increasing flow of collector-drainage waters every year, which leads to a deterioration in the land reclamation state and pollution of water resources, which can lead to the ecological disaster of land and water resources. Currently, in the Republic of Uzbekistan, from the total volume of water resources of the Amu Darya and Syrdarya rivers, up to 68% is used for irrigation. Of this volume on the Republic territory, about 12% of collector-drainage waters of deteriorated quality are formed. With a shortage of water resources, they are used for irrigation. But irrigation with saline waters can lead to a deterioration in the land reclamation state. In this regard, new irrigation technologies are proposed, which can save both irrigation water and it is advisable to use underground pumped water for irrigation.

Field experiments were carried out in the farm "Khozhilkhon-hozhi" in the farm named after A. Niyazov, Kuva district, Fergana region. A feature of the soil conditions in this farm is the small thickness of the covered fine earth, underlain by highly permeable gravel, strong and increased water permeability, with a deep groundwater level (GWL> 3 m).

Large water losses are observed during irrigation. The calculation task was to determine how many hectares of land can be irrigated from one vertical drainage well, taking into account the irrigation time, inter-irrigation period, etc.

The water-salt balance of the reclaimed lands for 2017-2019 was compiled. The water-salt balance showed that water supply and filtration from canals and atmospheric precipitation play the main role in the inlet part. In the consumable part, the main place is occupied by evapotranspiration and drainage flow. In general, a negative balance is formed on the territory annually by the type of a small salt carryover within 2.85 t / ha. On the territory of the farm and the experimental plot, cotton of the S-6524 variety was sown, the flow rate of the well is 30 l / s, the furrow consumption is 0.5 l / s. The composition of hypothetical salts in the pumped-out waters is calculated

After the first irrigation of our field, the pumped-out water is diverted to the neighboring fields, while the first inter-irrigation period is 20 days. In the interval of these 20 days until the second irrigation of the cotton of the original field, it is possible to irrigate the same fields 5 hectares 8 times, in total 40 hectares of land.

The experiments showed that irrigation with pumped water from vertical drainage wells did not have a negative impact on the yield of cotton. And the use of the recommended irrigation technology will reduce the shortage of irrigation water and improve the ecological situation of water resources.
Methods for combined treatment of oil-containing waste water of transportation enterprises
Authors: Okhremenko Irina , Rizaev Abdumalik
Published: June 2021

The article discusses modern schemes for the treatment of oily wastewater from transport enterprises. The features of closed water supply systems and the fundamental provisions for the design of a compact module for wastewater treatment of transport enterprises are revealed.
Analysis and assasment method of the Chirchik river flow for water supply and water use
Authors: Makhmudova Dildora , Makhmudov Hurshid
Published: June 2021

The scientific work is devoted to studying hydroecological problems and methods for assessing the transformation of river water on the example of the Chirchik River, which flows through large industrial centers of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the territory of its capital, Tashkent. Investigations of quantitative and qualitative transformation of river water runoff were carried out using the interpolation method. The main task is to describe the method of interpolation of hydrometeorological data of the territories; For such system, the center in this work adopted a material point that characterizes the movement of the whole system; for this research, such as the hydrometeorological parameters of the territory. The data of the hydrometeorological service of the Republic of Uzbekistan were used when interpolating climatic parameters, which are the main determining factors in the formation and transformation of the river flow of Chirchik. In the proposed interpolation method, a combined system is created, consisting of a landscape-natural component, a system representing a moving mass with a single center. The meteorological parameters of the territory are taken as elements of the mass system, which have their centers of change-movement. The performed test calculations showed that the difference in meteorological parameters affects the position of their centers; each parameter: atmospheric pressure, precipitation, humidity, and temperature, etc., has its center.
Treatment of polluted municipal wastewater in Tashkent
Authors: Abduqodirova Malokhat , Ismoilkhodjayev Bohodirkhodja
Published: June 2021

This article presents the results of a comparative study of the method of biological treatment using aquatic plants and algae to improve the technology of treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater treatment plants formed in urban areas. According to test results, 5 species of aquatic plants and 2 strains of algae tested, pistachio and eucalyptus species, and strains of Chlorella vulgaris UA-1-6 were found to be resistant to domestic wastewater. This water plant laripistiya and eichorniya species grow well in different wastewater concentrations (25%, 50%, 100%) in the 100%. Both water treatment stations have a high yield and treatment levels. It was observed that it reached 90% at the "Binokor" water treatment station and the water treatment station "Salar" - 82-86%. This is because the amount of harmful substances in the wastewater of the "Salar" water treatment station is 5 times higher than the number of pollutants in the water treatment station "Binokor". It should be noted that the results of wastewater treatment works at 2 water treatment plants showed that the type of pistachio plant is more resistant to wastewater than the type of eucalyptus, and the level of treatment is also high. Therefore, in the experiment at the "Salar" water treatment station, we found it necessary to use the pistachio water plant itself. At this wastewater treatment station, wastewater treatment reached an average of 84%, and to increase the treatment efficiency, we grew Chlorella vulgaris in the second treatment stage and found that the treatment efficiency was 90-92%. This means that the treatment of wastewater in each treatment station requires the development of biological treatment technology following it.
Longitudinal vibrations of a cylindrical shell filled with a viscous compressible liquid
Authors: Khudoynazarov Khayrulla , Yalgashev Burxon
Published: June 2021

This article investigates the longitudinal vibrations of a semi-infinite circular cylindrical elastic shell filled with a viscous compressible fluid. It is believed that the vibrations are excited by a suddenly switched on longitudinal displacement at the end. To solve the problem, the refined equations of longitudinal vibrations of a circular cylindrical elastic shell interacting with an internal viscous compressible fluid, previously proposed by the authors, were taken as the main resolving equations. In this case, the lateral surfaces of the shell are considered free from external loads; in addition, considering purely longitudinal vibrations, it can be assumed that the radial displacements of the points of the shell are equal to zero.
Nonlinear deformation of circular discrete ribbed plate under influence of pulse loading
Authors: Khalmuradov Rustam , Nishonov Utkir
Published: June 2021

The stress-strain state of a circular disc, discretely finned in a circle, under the influence of the pulse loading, is numerically investigated. Thus the geometric nonlinearity between displacement and deformation is taken into account. The structure consists of boarding and reinforced ribs, the materials of which are the same and obey Hooke's law. The sections of the ribs are constant. The height of the ribs and their locations are specified using a unit function. It is considered that the plate is deformed under the influence of the pulsed loading. A numerical method is used to solve the problem.
On the properties of filled plaster of Paris with metallurgical slag and plasticizing additive
Authors: Turgunbaeva Jumagul
Published: June 2021

The article studies the properties of filled plaster of pair with metallurgical slag and a plasticizing additive. In particular, the optimal compositions of the composite Bukhara and Samarkand gypsum binders modified with the addition of GLENIUM 27S and metallurgical slag, the area of optimal compositions of the gypsum binder have been determined, and the physical and technical properties of the modified gypsum composition have been studied.
Hydraulic resistances of suspended flows in bedrooms with a moving bottom
Authors: Baimanov Kenesbay , Shaniyazov Gulmurat , Uzakov Torebek , Baimanov Ruslan
Published: June 2021

The results of some existing theoretical and experimental studies of hydraulic resistances of open flows in moving channels are considered. Possible reasons for the inconsistency of the results of various studies of hydraulic resistance in open channels with increased roughness are indicated. The analysis of mass field data on the Darcy (Shezi) coefficient of canals in alluvial soils and a sandy mobile bed is carried out. It was confirmed that the channels of these categories are characterized by a mixed zone of hydraulic resistance, and regularities were revealed that take into account the features of the real resistance zone of earthen channels. Based on the analysis of the smoothly varying flow of open flows and the corresponding theory of the boundary layer and the law of the logarithmic distribution of velocities, the calculated dependencies are obtained, making it possible to determine the resistance of open flows concerning natural conditions.
Efficiency justification for stone-concrete face zone of rockfill dams with reinforced concrete face
Authors: Bestuzheva Aleksandra , Gadai Dimitri
Published: June 2021

At present, over 600 dams with a reinforced concrete face are built worldwide; 7 of them are higher than 200 m. However, most of these dams have an inherent disadvantage – face cracking [1, 2, 3], caused by face deformations resulted from the difference in deformation properties of the face and downstream toe. To solve this problem, the authors consider the arrangement of a massive stone-concrete face zone.
Improvement of the theory of shaft spillway calculations
Authors: Gur’yev Alim , Khanov Nartmir , Chumicheva Marina , Verkhoglyadova Aleksandra , Hayek Buchra , Brakeni Abderrezak
Published: June 2021

Over the last hundred years, shaft spillways have become widely used in hydraulic engineering practice due to their undeniable advantages: high discharge capacity, maximal water consumption per one cubic meter of concrete, point structure compactness. The modern theory of hydraulic calculations was formed based on works on the study of the operation of a circular spillway with a sharp edge carried out by Wagner in 1954. Although numerous hydraulic studies have not proved many of the statements Wagner's calculation methodology was based on, the materials of his studies have been presented in special hydraulic literature for hydraulic calculations up to date. The accepted design conditions of the drainage surface of the spillway shaft, which is round-cylindrical in the cross-section and in the form of a convex parabolic line in the longitudinal section, do not correspond to the possibilities of work. As a result, the drainage surface is replaced by a system of truncated cones, the joints of which cause flow separation from the drainage surface and the formation of vacuum zones. It results in approximate hydraulic calculations. To eliminate these disadvantages of hydraulic calculations and bring design developments in line with technological possibilities of works, it is possible to replace a round-cylindrical cross-section of the inner surface of the shaft with a polygonal one. In this case, the drainage surface will consist of a system of longitudinal wedges with one-dimensional curvature, for which the formwork can be made of flat sheets. This paper presents materials on the calculation and design of a shaft spillway of a hydroelectric complex with a dodecagonal cross-section for Algeria, and four shafts with an octagonal cross-section and two shafts with a tetragonal cross-section for Syria. The receiving hopper head is round-cylindrical, and the drainage surface is elliptical, which allows adapting the drainage surface to any initial design parameters of shaft spillways.
Factors Influencing the Determination of the Gyrosures Potential of Small Rivers
Authors: Kirgizov Alifbek , Sultonov Sherkhon , Usmonov Khislatbek , Rajabov Mirzosharif
Published: June 2021

The article examines the main trends in the use of renewable energy sources in the world. The article examines the main trends in the use of renewable energy sources in the world. The use of renewable sources is associated with the depletion of reserves of carbonaceous minerals and a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The article presents the main, according to the authors, reasons for the incorrect determination of the potential of small hydro resources in the Republic of Tajikistan. In recent years, many small hydroelectric power plants have been built, which are ineffective. For this, the authors propose a more detailed study of the watercourse regime and the determination of its potential for the minimum and maximum tributaries and the possibility of its use, the influence of hydrological, socio-economic factors on the determination of the potential of small rivers during the construction of small hydroelectric power plants. Zoning of small watercourses is proposed for a more detailed determination of the watercourse capacity and the possibility of constructing small hydroelectric power stations on them. The influence of altitude above sea level on the output of the rated power of installations of renewable energy sources is considered. As it shows, the experience of operation and the above statistical analysis at the existing small hydroelectric power plants with an altitude of SHPPs above sea level, their nominal capacity will decrease. The decrease in the nominal output power of small hydroelectric power plants with an air-cooling system is associated with the rarefaction of atmospheric air.
The electric field of the sliding contact during the interaction of the pantograph and the contact wire
Authors: Bayanov Ildar , Badretdinov Timur , Muminov Sardor , Karimov Islom , Saydivaliev Saidaziz , Saliyev Elyor
Published: June 2021

The process of transferring electrical energy from the contact wire to the pantograph takes place in a dynamic mode. Large currents are transmitted, and even the slightest separation of the sliding contact causes an arc formation. The arc creates a strong electromagnetic disturbance that spreads in the surrounding space. This disturbance interferes with communication channels, facility management systems, and telecommunications located in its influence zone. Determining the magnitude of the potential of the electric field at the point of contact will determine the degree of the harmful effect of arcing on adjacent objects and develop a technology to reduce the interfering effect.
Kraft objektiv erfassen – Greifkraftmessung
Authors: Zumhasch Rainer
Published: June 2021

Bei der Verlaufskontrolle konservativer und chirurgischer Therapien zählt die Greifkraftmessung zu den Standardprozeduren. Sie findet im klinischen Alltag von Handtherapeuten und -chirurgen eine breite Anwendung und dient dazu, Entwicklungen objektiv zu dokumentieren.
Zahnstörfelder – Behandlung mit Neuraltherapie im interdisziplinären Kontext
Authors: Stamer Nicolás
Published: June 2021

Die übergeordnete Rolle der Störfelder bzw. Neuromodulativer Trigger im Bereich der Zähne und der Kieferknochen haben großen Einfluss auf Krankheiten und funktionelle Beschwerden bei unseren Patienten. Das Ziel ist es, durch unterschiedliche diagnostische Schritte die Störfelder im Trigeminusbereich zu diagnostizieren und als Neuraltherapeut zur zahnärztlichen Intervention zu begleiten. Eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit einem Zahnarzt/Kieferchirurgen kann unumgänglich werden, vor allem bei chronischen Krankheitsbildern mit fehlender Kompensation der Beschwerden.
Lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior en esquiadores: Conceptos actuales
Authors: Negrín Roberto , Rubio José , Sepúlveda Vicente , Cordero José , Sandoval Rodrigo
Published: June 2021

El esquí es un deporte individual con una tasa de lesiones de 1,84 por 1.000 días esquiador en la población general. Las roturas del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) son algunas de las más comunes, llegando a una tasa de 5 por cada 100 esquiadores por temporada a nivel competitivo, debido a la gran exigencia a la que se encuentran sometidas las rodillas. Lo anterior presenta un desafío para el traumatólogo a la hora de plantear un manejo. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura respecto de los mecanismos de lesión, tratamiento, prevención, rehabilitación y uso de órtesis en el retorno deportivo. Se describen los mecanismos clásicos de lesión en esquiadores amateurs y competitivos. La mayoría de las lesiones de LCA son de resolución quirúrgica, en que la recomendación de reconstrucción debe ser con injerto autólogo de hueso-tendón patelar-hueso, salvo en los pacientes mayores o en pacientes con fisis abierta, en los que se recomienda el uso de injerto autólogo de semitendinoso-gracilis. La prevención y rehabilitación se basan en mejorar la fuerza y el control neuromuscular de los estabilizadores dinámicos de la rodilla implementándose programas específicos, evaluación del gesto deportivo, y pruebas de control neuromuscular. Se recomienda el uso de órtesis funcionales adecuadas en los pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción del LCA. Las lesiones de LCA en esquiadores de nivel competitivo son habituales, de manejo específico y multidisciplinario. La elección del injerto y del tipo de rehabilitación son fundamentales en el retorno deportivo del esquiador. Nivel de evidencia: V.
Suppression of non-radiative recombination with efficient doping of Spiro-OMeTAD for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Xu-hao , Liu Yang-yang , Zhu Rong-zhi , Liu Lu-jie , Xu Chen-xin , Cao Hui
Published: June 2021

Metal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention during the past decade. However, due to the existence of non-radiative recombination losses, the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) is still lower than the theoretical limit defined by Shockley-Queser theory. In this work, we investigate 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3h)-one, 6-methyl-2,2-dioxide (acesulfame potassium, abbreviated as AK) as a additional dopant for the 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) and fabricate PSCs in the air. It is found that 12 mol% fraction of AK relative to lithium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)-amide (Li-TFSI) reduces the non-radiative recombination from 86.05% to 69.23%, resulting in an average 0.08 V of Voc enhancement. The champion solar cell gives a perovskite solar cells up to 21.9% and over 84% retention of the initial value during 720 h aging in dry air with 20%–30% humidity.
Adjoint-based topology optimization of filter structures for gas–particle systems
Authors: Jüngling N. , Niessner J.
Published: June 2021

Conventional filters for aerosol particle deposition consist of one or more filter layers, which are either woven or composed of tangled fibers. The quality of the separation results almost exclusively from the density of the fiber arrangement. Due to the manufacturing process, compromises between separation efficiency and pressure loss, which are in the opposite relationship to each other, are inevitable. The objective of this work is to develop a method for topology optimization to optimize filter structures for both higher filtration efficiency and lower pressure drop simultaneously using the adjoint method based on computation fluid dynamic simulations. The key to topology-optimized “bionic” filters is to find suitable cost functions controlling the optimization. These cost functions should take into account different separation mechanisms and pressure loss. The force coefficients for pressure and shear and the surface integrals of pressure and wall shear stress were evaluated for their contribution to the deposition as part of a combined cost function. In this work, a simple algorithm is devised to combine two opposing cost functions. First, promising results are obtained by considering solid particle separation from gas. For example, it was possible to increase the total filtration efficiency by 2% and reduce the pressure drop by 3.6% in one single deformation step.
A systematic study on 2p → 3d radiative opacity of lowly charged Cu plasmas
Authors: Yu Wenhang , Jin Fengtao , Hou Yong , Gao Cheng , Wu Jianhua , Zeng Jiaolong , Yuan Jianmin
Published: June 2021

The L-shell radiative opacity of lowly charged Cu plasmas is investigated using a detailed level accounting method. The transmission spectra are compared with a recent experiment at ∼16 eV and 0.005 g/cm3, and good agreement is observed. For a systematic study, radiative opacities caused by 2p → 3d transitions at temperatures of 10–35 eV and densities of 0.001–0.1 g/cm3 are calculated. The dominant ionization stages are lowly charged ones with an open M-shell at such plasma conditions. The result shows that charge state distribution and radiative opacities are very sensitive to temperature. The two strongest absorption peaks of 2p3/2 → 3d5/2 and 2p1/2 → 3d3/2 caused by relativistic orbital splitting are well separated at temperatures lower than 25 eV, whereas they are mixed together to form a broadband structure at higher temperatures.
Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device based on water sloshing-inspired extensions
Authors: Fu Yang , Huang Meiling , Wu Ruiming , Huang Feng , Zhou Maoying , Chen Suifan , Wang Qibing , Li Qipeng
Published: June 2021

Inspired by shallow-water sloshing in a moving tank, a novel type of vibration-based piezoelectric energy harvesting device composed of a piezoelectric bimorph beam and an extension tank is proposed in this paper. The structure and working principle of the proposed device are provided. Then, the effects of different heights of water filling in the tank on the performances of the harvester are studied and analyzed. Experiments are set up to investigate the actual device performance by changing the base excitation frequency and load resistance for different water heights. The results show that by modulating the water height, the resonant frequency and bandwidth can be adjusted, which can enhance the energy harvesting performance of the device at different ambient vibration frequencies. This study provides some clues to improve the performance of the vibration-based energy harvesting devices.
Honoring Teachers As Professionals
Authors: Grimes Alisa , Schrode Nicole , Stober Rebecca , Wachowski Shannon
Published: June 2021

Honoring Teachers As Professionals: Stories and Pathways for Growth in Your Classroom and Career is a guide for retaining and engaging educators using classroom educational research methods. It introduces the process to become a published educational researcher; adopt and develop creative, inductive curricula; empower students; and build community as a pathway towards leadership in the educational fi eld. By conducting purposeful, peer-reviewed research, this work shows how personal and pedagogical changes have transformed classrooms into spaces where students can feel empowered and induce scientific concepts. This book's strengths include the interlacing of theory with practice, honoring education as a professional field using language that easily connects with both novice and experienced teachers.

Other key features include:Approachable, narrative, and anecdotal writing styleGuidance to help address low retention rates and job satisfaction among teachersDiscussion about fostering a sense of community among teachers, and how to approach the building of such communities

This book is for administrators, researchers, teachers, and other professionals in education. It is a valuable resource for graduate students in education, policy advocates, and parents.
Fostering Community and Collaboration
Authors: Grimes Alisa , Schrode Nicole , Stober Rebecca , Wachowski Shannon
Published: June 2021

This chapter focuses on the history and formation of the Streamline to Mastery program. This professional development cohort was how the authors got their start in collaboration, community, and friendship in the world of education. After discussing our personal experiences with this revolutionary style of professional development, we'll share structures and scaffolds to have in place as you consider forming a learning community of your own. Discussion questions are also provided at the end of the chapter to guide your thinking whether individually or with colleagues.
Impacting Education Policy
Authors: Grimes Alisa , Schrode Nicole , Stober Rebecca , Wachowski Shannon
Published: June 2021

This chapter discusses a brief history of education policy in the United States. It highlights teacher accountability and examines school funding policies. Both of these factors can be tied back to teachers feeling dissatisfied and may lead to them leaving the profession, which is why it is important to include the teacher voice at the policy table. To provide guidance in this area, the chapter also provides a brief overview of qualities useful for teacher policy contributions. Additionally, we will share a spotlight of an educator who has exemplified teacher leadership within the realm of educational policy; his story is just one example of how a classroom teacher can effect change while remaining in the classroom.
Arundo donax (giant reed).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro
Published: June 2021

A. donax is an aggressive species with an ability to reproduce quickly, allowing it to out-compete native plant species, and has established itself as one of the primary threats to native riparian habitats in its introduced range, dramatically altering ecological and successional processes and altering habitats towards dense, monotypic stands up to 8 m tall. It is listed as one of the 100 world's worst invasive alien species (ISSG, 2011). This species represent a serious concern in arid and semiarid habitats because it outcompete native vegetation in the access to soil-water. It uses more water than native plants, lowering groundwater tables. A. donax is highly flammable and can change fire regimes in invaded areas (USDA-ARS, 2014). Control is an expensive process involving cutting plants to the ground and manual application of herbicides to avoid harming native species. Biological control efforts are being developed as one of the primary tools for the long-term management of this pest. However, A. donax is a valuable and very fast-growing crop that is being promoted for the production of fuel, fibres and pulp, and is also widely used as an ornamental. This means that further introductions are likely and the balance between exploitation and threat as an invasive plant requires careful consideration (Raghu et al., 2006; Low and Booth, 2007).
Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals).
Authors: Cowger Christina , Brown James K. M.
Published: June 2021

Powdery mildew is one of the most common and destructive diseases of cereals. Actual losses depend on the time of disease epidemic onset and its severity, and can at the extreme reach up to 60% (James et al., 1991; Oerke et al., 1994). Although it occurs in most, if not all, parts of the world where cereals are grown, powdery mildew is not considered to be a major problem in every region. This disease can be very destructive, but generally seems to cause most damage in temperate latitudes, especially in the northern hemisphere, where wheat and barley are more frequently cultivated (see map in Cowger et al., 2012). However, powdery mildew can also be a limiting factor for cereal production in subtropical and tropical areas. Yield losses by powdery mildews are generally complex to estimate and depend on several factors such as climate, year, cropping system, cereal species and cultivar.
Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii (clover proliferation phytoplasma).
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wei Wei
Published: June 2021

The reference strain of 'Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii' is the causative agent of clover proliferation (CP) disease of alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum). The CP disease was first reported in Canada in the early 1960s when the aetiological agent was mistakenly presumed to be a yellows-type virus (Chiykowski, 1965). Subsequent investigations revealed that the disease was associated with infection by a mycoplasma-like organism (Chen and Hiruki, 1975>; Hiruki and Chen, 1984), now termed phytoplasma, strain CPR (Hiruki and Wang, 2004). Later, phytoplasmas of the same lineage (subgroup 16SrVI-A) were found in the USA, Mexico, and many countries in Europe and Asia, causing diseases in diverse leguminous and vegetable crops, responsible for significant yield losses and quality reductions. Phytoplasmas of the same lineage also caused disease in elm trees in the USA. Phytoplasmas of closely-related lineages (various subgroups of group 16SrVI) also have wide distributions around the world.
Thecaphora frezii (peanut smut).
Authors: Rago Alejandro , Paredes Juan Andrés , Cazón Luis Ignacio
Published: June 2021

Thecaphora frezii is the causal agent of peanut smut. The disease was first reported in 1962 in wild peanuts from Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It was first detected in commercial crops in 1995 in the central-northern area of Córdoba province, Argentina. The prevalence of peanut smut has gradually increased. In the 2011/12 growing season, the disease was found in all production fields in Córdoba province and, two years later, it was found in all peanut production areas of Argentina. The increase in the intensity of peanut smut in Argentina has been accompanied by increasing yield losses.
Electronic structure and K-edge X-ray absorption of iron monosilicide
Authors: Potudanskii G P , Peshkov Ya A , Kurganskii S I
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we present theoretical modelling of the band structure of iron monosilicide FeSi. Special attention is paid to the total and partial densities of electronic states along with K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectra of iron. A good agreement was found between known experimental data and our theoretical calculations.
Versatile firmware for the Common Readout Unit (CRU) of the ALICE experiment at the LHC
Authors: Bourrion O. , Bouvier J. , Costa F. , Dávid E. , Imrek J. , Nguyen T.M. , Mukherjee S.
Published: June 2021

As from the run 3 of CERN LHC scheduled in 2022, the upgraded ALICE experiment will use a Common Readout Unit (CRU) at the heart of the data acquisition system. The CRU, based on the PCIe40 hardware designed for LHCb, is a common interface between 3 main sub-systems: the front-end, the computing system, and the trigger and timing system. The 475 CRUs will interface 10 different sub-detectors and reduce the total data throughput from 3.5 TB/s to 635 GB/s. The ALICE common firmware framework supports data taking in continuous and triggered mode and forwards clock, trigger and slow control to the front-end electronics. In this paper, the architecture and the data-flow performance are presented.
The Effect of Lipoaspirate Processing Technique on Complications in Autologous Fat Grafting for Breast Reconstruction: A Propensity Score Analysis Study
Authors: Assad Malke , Howell Skyler M , Liu Jun , Reece Gregory P , Chang Edward I , Garvey Patrick B , Butler Charles E , Hanson Summer E
Published: June 2021

Background

The use of autologous fat grafting (AFG) is becoming increasingly common as an adjunct to breast reconstruction. However, there is a paucity of data comparing the varying processing devices.

Objectives

The goal of this study was to compare the outcomes of 2 commercially available AFG processing devices.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent AFG with dual-filter (Puregraft) or single-filter (Revolve) processing systems between 2016 and 2019. Propensity score matching was utilized to adjust for confounding. A total of 38 breasts from the Puregraft group were matched with 38 breasts from the Revolve group.

Results

Matching was successful in achieving a similar distribution of baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. The mean number of AFG sessions was comparable between the 2 groups (P = 0.37) with a similar median total volume (Puregraft, 159 mL vs Revolve, 130 mL; P = 0.23). Complication rates were similar between the 2 devices (Puregraft, 26%; Revolve, 18%; P = 0.47). Patients with at least 1 complication had higher overall AFG volume (median, 200 mL vs 130 mL; P = 0.03) and number of sessions (mean, 2.4 vs 1.8, P = 0.009) compared with those without any postoperative complication.

Conclusions

Overall complication rates were comparable between 2 commonly used, commercially available AFG processing systems, and therefore the choice of which to use should be based on surgeon preference. Future studies are underway to decipher whether either system offers superior graft retention, cosmetic, or patient-reported outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 3
Molecular phylogeny for the Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygoninae) reveals limitations of traditional taxonomy
Authors: Fontenelle João Pedro , Lovejoy Nathan R , Kolmann Matthew A , Marques Fernando P L
Published: June 2021

The subfamily Potamotrygoninae, the only extant clade of elasmobranchs exclusive to freshwater environments, encompasses four genera and 38 species distributed across almost every major South American river basin. Despite their importance in the ornamental fish trade, the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within potamotrygonines have not yet been resolved. Here, we present a comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the Neotropical freshwater stingrays, based on extensive species and population sampling (35 species and > 350 individuals from drainages across South America). Our phylogeny corroborates the monophyly of the genera Paratrygon and Heliotrygon and the monophyly of the Potamotrygon + Plesiotrygon clade. Within the Potamotrygon + Plesiotrygon clade, we identify a core Potamotrygon clade characterized by short branches, low nodal support and incongruence with current species-level taxonomy. In the core Potamotrygon clade, specimens of widespread species, such as Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon orbignyi, do not form monophyletic lineages; instead, specimens from these species are often closely related to those of other species from the same river basins. These patterns could be caused by inaccurate taxonomy, hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting and rapid diversification. We discuss the conservation of Neotropical freshwater stingrays from a phylogenetic perspective and suggest ways to prioritize potamotrygonid conservation efforts with respect to endemism and evolutionary distinctiveness.
Machine-learning method for localization of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in healthy adults based on retinal images
Authors: Zee Benny , Wong Yanny , Lee Jack , Fan Yuhua , Zeng Jinsheng , Lam Bonnie , Wong Adrian , Shi Lin , Lee Allen , Kwok Chloe , Lai Maria , Mok Vincent , Lau Alexander
Published: June 2021

Retinal vessels are known to be associated with various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease outcomes. Recent research has shown significant correlations between retinal characteristics and the presence of cerebral small vessel disease as measured by white matter hyperintensities from cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. Early detection of age-related white matter changes using retinal images is potentially helpful for population screening and allow early behavioural and lifestyle intervention. This study investigates the ability of the machine-learning method for the localization of brain white matter hyperintensities. All subjects were age 65 or above without any history of stroke and dementia and recruited from local community centres and community networks. Subjects with known retinal disease or disease influencing vessel structure in colour retina images were excluded. All subjects received MRI on the brain, and age-related white matter changes grading was determined from MRI as the primary endpoint. The presence of age-related white matter changes on each of the six brain regions was also studied. Retinal images were captured using a fundus camera, and the analysis was done based on a machine-learning approach. A total of 240 subjects are included in the study. The analysis of various brain regions included the left and right sides of frontal lobes, parietal–occipital lobes and basal ganglia. Our results suggested that data from both eyes are essential for detecting age-related white matter changes in the brain regions, but the retinal parameters useful for estimation of the probability of age-related white matter changes in each of the brain regions may differ for different locations. Using a classification and regression tree approach, we also found that at least three significant heterogeneous subgroups of subjects were identified to be essential for the localization of age-related white matter changes. Namely those with age-related white matter changes in the right frontal lobe, those without age-related white matter changes in the right frontal lobe but with age-related white matter changes in the left parietal–occipital lobe, and the rest of the subjects. Outcomes such as risks of severe grading of age-related white matter changes and the proportion of hypertension were significantly related to these subgroups. Our study showed that automatic retinal image analysis is a convenient and non-invasive screening tool for detecting age-related white matter changes and cerebral small vessel disease with good overall performance. The localization analysis for various brain regions shows that the classification models on each of the six brain regions can be done, and it opens up potential future clinical application.