bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engineering methods in the tasks of digital transformation of the economy. Book 3. Information integrated management systems of the organization
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, RUT (MIIT), Azarov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Andreychikov Alexander Valentinovich ,   Russian University of Transport, RUT (MIIT), Mayboroda Valery Prokhorovich ,   Russian University of Transport, RUT (MIIT), Titov Andrey Valentinovich ,   Russian University of Transport, RUT (MIIT), Aniskina Nina Nikolaevna ,   N.P. Pastukhov State Academy of Industrial Management, Leokhin Yuri Lvovich ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Saksonov Evgeny Aleksandrovich ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Kabanov Artem Sergeevich ,   Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics of the Higher School of Economics, Martynov Vitaly Vladimirovich ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Chekmarev Anatoly Vladimirovich ,   MGIMO University (Moscow State Institute of International Relations)
Published: November 2021

В учебном пособии рассмотрены подходы к проектированию и методологии применения информационных технологий и средств информатики в задачах цифровой трансформации экономики, обеспечения качества продукции и услуг. Рассмотрены концептуальные основы инфокоммуникационных технологий, сферы применения, основные тенденции их развития. Рассмотрен системный подход к цифровой трансформации предприятий на основе методологии инжиниринга и реинжиниринга бизнес-процессов организации при внедрении ИС и ИТ, переходу стратегии организации к ИТ стратегии и цифровой трансформации. Создание организационной и ИТ-инфраструктуры предприятий промышленного и финансового сектора экономики различного уровня, заинтересованного в построении эффективно работающей информационно-технологической системы поддержки бизнеса. Приводятся задачи управления и анализа, поддерживающие их управляющие информационные системы, СППР руководителя и рассматривается последовательность информатизации предприятия. Излагаются тенденции развития стандартов методов управления производством (MRP, MRP II и ERP), технологий управления (CRM и CSRP) и соответствующих им систем. Даются краткие основы технологии internet/intranet и её применения в управлении бизнесом. Рассмотрены организационные вопросы информационной безопасности данных и сети организации, задачи и виды аудита информационных систем, вопросы методологии и управления цифровыми проектами.
Penerapan Model Discvery Learning pada Materi Ikatan Kimia untuk Meningkatkan Aktifitas dan Prestasi Belajar Peserta Didik di kelas X TP-D SMK Negeri 5 Banjarmasin oleh : Budi Harso
Authors: Julak Jurnal
Published: November 2021

This study aims to answer the problem, first how the activities of students in following the learning process using the discovery learning, Second, how do teachers apply the cooperative learning model type discovery learning to improve student achievement. And third, whether the discovery learning model can improve student achievement in Class X TP-D of SMK Negeri 5 Banjarmasin.Discovery learning emphasizes the discovery of previously unknown concepts or principles, problems faced by students, such as problems engineered by the teacher. Whereas in inquiry the problem is not the result of engineering, so students must exert all their minds and skills to get findings in the problem through the research process.This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) carried out in 2 cycles, each cycle consists of 3 meetings, 2 meetings are allocated for the learning process and 1 meeting for the final meeting of the cycle. The results showed that in Cycle I, the learning activity score was 36.84%. The discovery learning model had good and very good criteria. And the learning outcomes of students who have good and very good category scores are 4 people (21.05%) while from the minimum completeness criteria there are 12 people who have a value of <70 (63.16%). While in Cycle 2, the score of learning activities increased to 85.2%, including very good criteria. While the learning outcomes of students who have good and very good category scores are 15 people (73.68%) while from the minimum completeness criteria there are 17 people who have a value of > 70 (89.50%).
Penerapan Model Reciprocal Teaching dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Ideologi Negara pada Pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Marabahan oleh Helliyani, S.Pd
Authors: Julak Jurnal
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to answer the problems, First, how to apply the Reciprocal Teaching Model in Improving Activities and Learning Outcomes of State Ideology in Citizenship Education Lessons for Class VIII SMP Negeri 4 Marabahan in the 2017/2018 Academic Year. Second, whether the application of the Reciprocal Teaching Model can Improve the Learning Activities of State Ideology in Citizenship Education Lessons for Class VIII SMP Negeri 4 Marabahan in the 2017/2018 Academic Year. Third, whether the application of the Reciprocal Teaching Model can Improve the Learning Outcomes of State Ideology in Citizenship Education Lessons for Class VIII SMP Negeri 4 Marabahan in the 2017/2018 Academic Year.The results of observations of student work abilities in group discussions on the average value of the suitability of the material with the task in the first cycle the average is 30.75 while in the second cycle the average is 32.75, which means there is an increase of 2.00 points. In the discussion commentary session on learning materials in the first cycle the average was 29.75 while in the second cycle the average was 33.20, meaning there was an increase of 3.45 points. In terms of neatness or appearance, the average value in Cycle I was 16.75, while in Cycle II the average was 18.75, which means there was an increase of 2.00. The average score of student test results for Cycle I was 71.50 while in Cycle II it was 72.75, meaning there was an increase of 1.25. Meanwhile, the percentage of completeness in the first cycle was 75.00%. However, in the second cycle, the percentage of completeness reached 85.00%, there was an increase in completeness of 10.00%.
Bahan Ajar Pengantar Akuntansi 1
Authors: Salihi Said Saleh , Salihi Said Saleh
Published: November 2021

Mata kuliah ini menkaji mengenai konsep perusahan jasa, dagang, manufaktur, transaksi bisnis dan persamaan akuntansi, pencatatan transaksi dagang menggunakan jurnal koreksi: penyusunan neraca saldo, jurnal penyesuaian dan penggunaan neraca lajur (work Sheet): penyusunan dan penyajian laporan keuangan, jurnal penutup serta jurna pembalik: dan konsep, prosedur teknik pencatatan dan penyajian pos-pos kas dan bank, piutang dagang, wesel tagih, persediaan barang dagang, aktiva tetap dan aktiva tak berwujud sesuai dengan standar akuntansi keuangan
Innovation management and strategic planning of innovative self-preparedness and self-protection services
Authors: Gräßler Iris , Pottebaum Jens , Scholle Philipp , Thiele Henrik
Published: November 2021

Due to climatic change, the number of high impact weather events is globally increasing. The European Commission aims at increasing the preparedness and protection of both citizens and enterprises to such events. The market potential of such services in public administrations is limited. Extending the scope to self-preparedness and self-protection is both promising and challenging. A novel approach for innovation management and strategic planning based on scenario-technique has been developed, applied and validated within four case studies of the European H2020 project ANYWHERE. The new approach combines fundamental domain knowledge, out-of-the-box thinking and agile scenario technique. Targeting both new innovative services as well as add-ons for established service frameworks was identified as key success factor of innovation in the difficult market of self-preparedness and self-protection services for citizens and enterprises.
What is new with Artificial Intelligence? Human-agent interactions through the lens of social agency
Authors: PAGLIARI Marine , Chambon Valerian , Berberian Bruno
Published: November 2021

The introduction of automated systems, and more broadly of Artificial Intelligence (AI), into many domains has profoundly changed the nature of human activity, as well as the subjective experience that agents have of their own actions and their consequences – an experience that is commonly referred to as "sense of agency" (SoA). In this review, we propose to examine the empirical evidence supporting this impact of automation on individuals’ sense of agency, and hence on measures as diverse as operator performance, system explicability and acceptability. Because of some of its key characteristics, AI occupies a special status in the artificial systems landscape. We suggest that this status prompts us to reconsider human-AI interactions in the light of human-human relations. We therefore approach the study of joint actions in human social interactions to deduce what are the key features necessary to develop a reliable SoA in a social context. We suggest that the study of social interactions and the development of SoA in joint actions can help determine the content of relevant explanations to be implemented in AI to make it "explainable". Finally, we propose possible directions to improve human-AI interactions and, in particular, to restore the SoA of human operators, improve their confidence in the decisions made by artificial agents, and increase the acceptability of such agents.
Blow hot and cold: Popular support for the no-concessions policy in terrorist hostage-takings
Authors: Mertes Marc , Böhm Robert , Hüffmeier Joachim
Published: November 2021

Governmental responses to the frequently occurring terrorist hostage-takings, in which authorities must weigh the lives of the hostages against the lives of potential future victims, depend on popular support for governmental policy. Despite this, little is known about how people form their judgement of governmental policies in this moral dilemma. We argue that people typically have incomplete information and their policy support for concessions can be substantially altered by changing the information they receive about different consequences. Across three studies (overall N = 1,547) employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, we found that (a) people show lower support for concessions when they have incomplete information, (b) providing information on the benefits of concessions increases support for concessions, (c) support for concessions under full information increases when the benefits outweigh the costs and when a norm prescribes concessions. The potential implications for policymaking are discussed.
Music as an evolved tool for socio-affective fiction
Authors: Trevor Caitlyn , Frühholz Sascha
Published: November 2021

The question of how music evolved has been pursued for centuries across multiple disciplines. While many theories have been posited, they still do not fully answer the question of why humans began making music. Adding to the effort to solve this mystery, we propose the socio-affective fiction (SAF) hypothesis. Our theory posits that humans have a unique biological need for emotion regulation strengthening. Simulated emotional situations, like dreams, can help address that need. Immersion is key for such simulations to successfully exercise people’s emotions. Therefore, we propose that music evolved as a signal for socio-affective fiction to increase the immersive potential of storytelling and thereby better exercise people’s emotions. In this review, we outline the SAF hypothesis in detail and present cross-disciplinary evidence in support of our theory.
The Revised Attentional Fixation on Suicide Experiences Questionnaire (AFSEQ-R) and its Relationship with Suicidal Ideation and Behavior
Authors: Mandel Abby Adler , Revzina Olga , Jessani Zohaib , Brown Gregory K.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The Attentional Fixation on Suicide Experiences Questionnaire (AFSEQ) was developed to measure attentional fixation on suicide, a cognitive process characterized by a preoccupation with suicide as a solution. This study investigated a revised version (AFSEQ-R) and examined differences between those who made a recent suicide attempt and those with suicidal ideation (SI). Method: Participants were 57 inpatients who attempted suicide within 14 days of study participation and 57 inpatients who presented with SI but no suicidal behavior within the past year. Analyses examined the internal reliability, multidimensionality, and construct validity of the AFSEQ-R, and whether attentional fixation moderated the correlation between SI and attempt status. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, and subscale and total scores demonstrated excellent internal consistency. Cognitive Stuckness (and total score) correlated with SI, anxiety, impulsivity, and specific problem-solving deficits, while Cognitive Dysfunction correlated with anxiety and acted as a moderator of the correlation between Stuckness and SI. AFSEQ-R scores did not moderate the relationship between SI and attempt status. Conclusion: AFSEQ-R is a psychometrically sound and valid measure of attentional fixation. Attentional fixation on suicide is correlated with SI, and prospective studies are needed to uncover its directional effect on suicidal crises.
Institutional betrayal and the role of male allies in supporting women in higher education
Authors: Warren Meg Aum , Bordoloi Samit Dipon
Published: November 2021

In response to persistent gender inequality, institutions have been making commitments to gender diversity, equity and inclusion through funding, initiatives, and policy. However, when everyday institutional practices and social norms fail to protect women from inequity, women experience institutional betrayal. Using data from an open-ended survey of 202 faculty in male-dominated disciplines, we explore how male allies can engage in intentional action to interrupt gender injustice and buffer institutional betrayal and what consequences accrue to the male allies. Findings show that institutional betrayal occurs at four levels, and while at the first two, male allies buffer institutional betrayal of women with varying degrees of success, at the other two, male allies experience institutional betrayal themselves. As such, the opportunities and limits of male allyship as an avenue for driving structural change for gender equity are discussed.
Professional development of code and robotics teachers through Small Private Online Course (SPOC): Teacher centrality and pedagogical strategies for developing computational thinking of students
Authors: Hadad Shlomit , Shamir-Inbal Tamar , Blau Ina , Leykin Eynat
Published: November 2021

This study explored (1) pedagogical strategies in Educational Coding and Robotics (ECR) learning which can develop computational thinking of students and (2) the degree of teacher centrality in the ECR classroom. In addition, we investigated (3) the added value of the Small Private Online Course (SPOC) to teacher professional development (TPD). We analyzed reflections of 80 in-service teachers on TPD through the SPOC (1,091 statements) and conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 of them one year after completing the course and teaching ECR in the classroom (328 statements). The most prominent strategies immediately after the TPD were constructing learning experiences, tinkering & debugging, and interdisciplinary learning, while one year later, experiential learning and collaborative learning were more common. Regarding the degree of teacher centrality, a year after teaching ECR curriculum the teachers had a significantly higher percentage of statements reflecting their role as a guide-on-the-side and as a partner of students in the learning process. Regarding the contribution of the SPOC for TPD, teacher statements revealed significantly more benefits than challenges in both points of time. Interestingly, the same categories emerged bottom-up as benefits and challenges: a variety of control dimensions, independent learning, learning and knowledge management and collaboration. Implications for educational theory and ECR practice are discussed.
Cultural Tariffing: Appropriation and the Right to Cross Cultural Boundaries
Authors: Oshotse Abraham , Berda Yael , Goldberg Amir
Published: November 2021

Why are some acts of cultural boundary-crossing considered permissible whereas others are repudiated as cultural appropriation? We argue that perceptions of cultural appropriation have formed in response to the emergence of cultural omnivorousness as a dominant form of high-status consumption, making boundary-crossing a source of cultural capital. Consequently, the right to adopt a practice from a culture that is not one’s own is determined on the basis of the costs and benefits one is presumed to accrue. People express disapproval at boundary-crossing if they believe that it devalues or extracts value at the expense of the target culture. We call this process cultural tariffing. We test our theory in a between-subject experimental design, demonstrating that those who enjoy a privileged social position, as inferred from their social identity or socioeconomic status, have less normative latitude to cross cultural boundaries. This is explained by perceptions that these actors are either devaluing or exploiting the target culture. While symbolic boundaries and cultural distinction theories are inconsistent with our results, we find that Americans who are disenchanted about group-based social mobility are the ones most likely to be outraged by cultural boundary-crossing. Cultural tariffing, we therefore posit, is a form of symbolic redistribution.
Culturally diverse expert teams have yet to bring comprehensive linguistic diversity to intergovernmental ecosystem assessments
Authors: Lynch Abigail J. , Fernández-Llamazares Álvaro , Palomo Ignacio , Jaureguiberry Pedro , Amano Tatsuya , Basher Zeenatul , Lim Michelle H , Mwampamba Tuyeni Heita , Samakov Aibek , Selomane Odirilwe
Published: November 2021

Multicultural representation is a stated goal of many global scientific assessment processes. These processes aim to mobilize a broader, more diverse knowledge base and increase legitimacy and inclusiveness of these assessment processes. Often, enhancing cultural diversity is encouraged through involvement of diverse expert teams and sources of knowledge in different languages. In this article, we examined linguistic diversity, as one representation of cultural diversity, in the eight published assessments of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Our results show that the IPBES assessment outputs are disproportionately filtered through English-language literature and authors from Anglophone countries. To incorporate more linguistic diversity into global ecosystem assessment processes, we present actionable steps for global science teams to recognize and incorporate non-English-language literature and contributions from non-Anglophones. Our findings highlight the need for broad-scale actions that enhance inclusivity in knowledge-synthesis processes through balanced representation of different knowledge holders and sources.
EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF RANDOMNESS ON MISSING DATA IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL NETWORKS
Authors: Bischoff Robert , Padilla-Iglesias Cecilia , Gravel-Miguel Claudine
Published: November 2021

Network science shows promise for archaeologists who want to explore past social dynamics using material culture. Yet, archaeological data is subject to important caveats that exist for all datasets. Almost all archaeological datasets are biased, and these biases are often unknown or only partially understood. Prior research has examined the effects of missing nodes on archaeological networks. Here, we instead focus on the impact of missing links on such networks. We used an agent-based model (ArchMatNet) to generate a simulated, unbiased assemblage of artifacts deposited at sites. We link those sites through the similarity of their artifacts to form the complete network. We also include an obsidian dataset from the US Southwest to compare differences between real and simulated data. We explore how random and nonrandom sampling of the two datasets affect the accuracy of the network reconstructed. Our analysis confirms prior research demonstrating that random samples are representative of the original network, even when they are small, but that biased samples of any size are significantly problematic. This research highlights the need to consider bias in archaeological data and demonstrates the utility of agent-based models in testing archaeological methods. Furthermore, this simulated dataset can better inform how archaeologists judge bias and will help us develop new methods to mitigate the effects of biased data.
The Situational Rationality of Task Performance: Artifacts of Belief in Human Problem-Solving and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Raphael Michael W.
Published: November 2021

Understanding the artificiality of belief is crucial for the image it generates regarding task performance in the course of problem-solving. This paper examines the contribution of the artificial as a model of human intervention and its relationship to a model of human participation. Specifically, it details the logical differences underlying how belief operationalizes the perception of complexity and its effects on task performance in human and machine problem-solving. Three configurations of artificiality are presented to explain these differences and their effects on the relationship between representation and computation in problem-solving. The first describes the “natural artifact” that arises from a symbolic model of intelligence and the design of a maze. The second describes the “natural artifact” that arises from a sub-symbolic model of intelligence and the design of a mold. The third examines how a hybrid model of intelligence requires “socio-cognitive artifacts” in which a means of adaptation is primarily mediated by discourse rather than design. In doing so, the paper examines how momentary beliefs explain the situational rationality of task performance. The paper concludes with a commentary on the requisites of artificial intelligibility in machine problem-solving.
Chinese communities of Paris: Integration, preserving identity
Authors:   INION RAN, Gordon Alexander
Published: November 2021

The article examines specifics of integration of the Chinese diaspora into French society. The author identifies several Chinese communities, differing by the place of origin, such as «Indo-Chinese community» (from Southern Vietnam), «Wenzhou» (county in Zhejiang province), «Dongbei» (from the region of the same name of the PRC). The study reveals the influence of «push» («exodus» from Vietnam) and «pull» to the country of immigration («Wenzhou» and «Dongbei» communities) factors. The paper investigates social heterogeneity of the diaspora, from the «artisan proletariat» and small merchants to wholesalers and financiers. The author analyzes common features originating in cultural identity. The importance of ethno-cultural characteristics in the integration of the Chinese and their success (as a «model minority») is emphasized. The paper discusses the nature of anti-Chinese sentiments in French society (ressentiment). Using the case study of the Chinese diaspora, the author raises the question of the possibility of multicultural integration in contemporary France.
Waiting for 2022: strategy and tactics of the French party «Europe. Ecology – The Greens»
Authors: Kaninskaya Galina
Published: November 2021

Political ecology entered the history of the Fifth Republic in France relatively recently, since 1974, when the candidate of «The Greens» party R. Dumont took part in the first round of presidential elections. From that moment until the emergence of the modern party «Europe. Ecology – The Greens», political ecology went through several organizational stages, each with one of the most important issues for «The Greens» was the electoral strategy and tactics, invariably associated with positioning on the political scene. In essence, «The Greens» parties always face an alternative choice: to act in joint electoral lists with the socialists or to present their own autonomous lists at all levels of elections. With that, there is no doubt that French ecologists make up the left of the political spectrum. And for a long time, French ecologists were much more successful separately from the socialists in the European elections to the European Parliament (EP). The French «Greens» were particularly successful in the 2019 EP elections, after the creation in 2010 of a kind of «political cooperative» in the form of the party «Europe. Ecology – The Greens». The article is devoted to the situation in and political role of the French party «Europe. Ecology – The Greens» (EELV). The party's activity is analyzed since the European Parliament elections in 2019. The reasons for the success of the ecologist party in the municipal elections of 2020 and the results of the elections to the senate of the Fifth Republic on 27 th September, 2020 are also considered. An explanation is given for the phenomenon of the growing popularity of the ecological movement in contemporary France, it is shown what impact the problem of climate warming and problem of environment’s deterioration, and also what adjustments have the COVID-19 pandemic made on the electoral process. The article examines how the EELV is preparing to perform in the upcoming presidential and parliamentary elections in 2022, examines the political programs of the main candidates, and assesses the prospects of the ecologist party for uniting «progressive forces» behind itself and its relationships with other left-wing parties within the framework of the «two concentric circles» tactic. Some doubts were expressed about EELV’s willingness to lead the highest echelons of power.
Emmanuel Macron's foreign policy: Searching for a geopolitical strategy in the disordered world hierarchy
Authors:   MGIMO University, Obichkina Evgeniia
Published: November 2021

The start of the presidential cycle opens up a new period of French domestic and foreign policies. It is typical for the domestic school of Frenсh studies to correlate the foreign policy of a new president with the main historical reference of the Fifth republic – the diplomacy of its founder Charles de Gaulle, despite the fact that the international situation that determined it is a thing of the past. The profound transformations of the international environment have shattered the foundations of the foreign policy equilibrium formed by de Gaulle, therefore it seems an anachronism to predict the foreign policy course of Paris based solely on tradition. During three and a half years of E. Macron's rule, the main directions of adjusting geopolitical approaches were determined, which did not diminish the acuteness of the question of the role of France and the EU in the world, where a new hierarchy of centers of power is being built. New features of French geopolitics testify to the transformations of geopolitical identity, in which sovereignty was transferred to the European (EU) level, and strategic identity from the national / European to the European / Atlantic level. In this dual ensemble, France intends to play the role of a leader capable of promoting national interests through the establishment of the EU as an independent center of power. The purpose of this study is to analyze the foundations of current French geopolitics, which allows to outline the direction and framework of the country's foreign policy for the medium, possibly for the long term.
Constructing Religious Harmony through Rhetoric: An Analysis of Vivekananda's Selected Speeches
Authors: Ghimire Surendra Prasad
Published: November 2021

This research article reports how rhetorical elements used in the speeches of Swami Vivekananda at World Parliament of Religions supports to construct the religious harmony in the world. This study is based on qualitative interpretative research design and employs the theoretical ideas based on Richard Andrews to interpret the various rhetorical devices in his selected speeches. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the use of arguments in his speeches by using the idea developed by Stephen Toulmin and his visual rhetoric is analyzed using the idea based on Tracey Owens Patton. Findings show that use of rhetorical elements in his speeches contributes to make his arguments stronger to construct the religious harmony among the world religions despite the apparent contradiction among them. He incorporated rhetorical devices in his speeches such as metaphors, similes, parallelism, appropriate dictions and repetitions to persuade the audience to establish his claim more effectively by making simple and understandable. His rhetoric of spiritualization of religions with the support of interpretation of Vedic philosophy contributes to integrate the world religions by stating that every human being has been created equally having the body and immortal spirit with them. His visual rhetoric including attractive bodily appearance, confidence and commanding voice helped him to attract the attention of the large mass of audience towards him. Findings of this article contribute to a better understanding that appropriate use of rhetorical elements supports to make effective communication and helps to persuade the audience to achieve the goal.
Prevalence of Ocular Diseases in Human Donor Eyes in New Zealand: A Study Based on Clinical and Histological Imaging
Authors: Kanduri Swathi
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Fundus pathology in donor eyes was correlated with cross-sectional Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images and histological assessment was performed to determine the prevalence of retinal diseases without the constraints imposed during in vivo clinical imaging.
Material and methods:  A fundus camera and OCT imaging system was adapted to enable posterior segment imaging of the entire post-mortem human eye. Retinas from 59 donors (57 retina pairs and two single globes) were imaged in a seven-field imaging format and cross-sectional analysis was done using OCT.  To confirm that the signs observed represented true disease incidence analysis of disease markers including gliosis (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein), hemichannel expression (Connexin43), Müller cell activation (vimentin) and choroidal endothelial cells (CD-31) and macrophages (CD-68 marker) was performed.
Results: Pathological signs were correlated with clinical diagnoses in eyes from 25 donors (donor ages 45-87 years) but lesions were also found in 23 eyes (donor ages 39- 83 years) with no previously reported clinical diagnosis. Retinas from six donors aged 21-89 years of age were unremarkable. Of all donors, five donors had signs of age related macular degeneration (AMD) and 14 had signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Their lesions correlated with OCT and histopathology showed signs of activated microglia, Müller cell hyper-reactivity, increased Cx43 expression and choroidal inflammation. These data indicate that with over 8% of donors showing signs of AMD and 24% of donors showing signs of DR the incidence of AMD may be 1.7 times higher and DR up to 1.6 times higher than clinically reported.
Conclusions: The detection of pathological signs characteristic of AMD and DR in donors suggests a higher prevalence of posterior segment abnormalities amongst New Zealanders donors than previously reported. A more detailed evaluation protocol of the posterior segment in patients will aid detection of lesions that are none the less pathological signs.
Sutureless Glue Free Versus Sutured Limbal Conjunctival Autografts in Primary Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Bista Dikshya , Byanju Raghunandan , Gautam Maria Alexsandronva
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Surgical excision is the definitive treatment for pterygium. Following excision, conjunctival autograft is usually preferred. Various methods for grafting with sutures, glue or autologous serum from the recipient bed are in use. The objective of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of sutureless glue free conjunctival autograft with sutured (vicryl 8-0) conjunctival autograft in primary pterygium excision.
Materials and methods: A prospective randomized interventional study was carried out in 100 eyes with primary pterygium. They were divided into two groups for conjunctival graft adhesion; sutureless glue free (group 1; n=50 eyes) and sutured with absorbable (vicryl 8-0) suture (group 2; n=50 eyes). Time taken for surgery, complications, postoperative symptoms and overall satisfaction score were noted. The patients were followed up on day 1, day 14 and 6 weeks after surgery. Recurrence was noted till 1 year after surgery.
Results: The mean age was 46.76 ± 11.97 years (group 1) and 47.24±12.76 years (group 2). Group 1 had shorter duration of surgery (p<0.001), less postoperative complaints (p<0.001) and better patient satisfaction (p<0.001) than group 2. Postoperative complications and gain in visual acuity in both the groups were not clinically significant. Recurrence was not significant in both groups until 1 year of follow up.
Conclusion: Pterygium surgery with sutureless glue free conjunctival autograft had fewer postoperative complaints and better patient satisfaction than pterygium surgery with sutured conjunctival autograft. The postoperative complications, recurrence were comparable to conventional sutured technique.
Conventional versus Modified Tarso-frontalis Suspension Surgery using Targeted Lid Crease for Simple Congenital Blepharoptosis with Poor Levator Action
Authors: Pant Aashish Raj , Suwal Rinkal , Joshi Purushottam , Shrestha Nisha , Limbu Ben
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The routine technique of tarso-frontalis suspension surgery for simple congenital blepharoptosis with poor levator action is cosmetically less rewarding due to either an absence or asymmetry of the postoperative eyelid crease. The objective of this study was to assess the eyelid crease quality after a modified open method of tarso-frontalis suspension surgery compared to the closed method.
Materials and methods: This was a retrospective comparative study reviewing the case sheets of all the patients undergoing unilateral tarso-frontalis suspension surgery with silicon rod employing Fox pentagon design from September 2017 to February 2019 at Mechi Eye Hospital, Jhapa, Nepal.  A review of 40 case sheets of congenital lid ptosis with poor levator function(<4mm) aged 9 years or more was done. Tarso-frontalis suspension surgery, modified with a mini blepharoplasty incision, direct attachment of silicon rod to tarsus, completion of pentagon design with supra-brow incisions, and skin-orbicularis-tarsus-orbicularis-skin suture (open method) was done in 20 cases whereas other 20 cases underwent surgery with supraciliary stab incisions (closed method).
Results: The mean age of the patients was 21.1+5.9 years (range 9-30 years). The ptosis amount ranged from 3–10mm. At the 6th postoperative month, most of the cases had good ptosis correction (90% open group, 85% closed group, p=0.74). However, cosmetic outcomes were better in the open group compared to the closed group: 100% symmetrical eyelid crease compared to 40% (p<0.001) and 90% acceptance rate for eyelid contour compared to 70% (p=0.23).
Conclusion: Predictable, targeted, and symmetrical lid crease can be obtained using the modified open method of tarso-frontalis suspension surgery.
Impression Cytology Screening for Ocular Surface changes in various forms of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Subtropical Central Zone in India
Authors: Thatte Shreya , Varma Amit , Kapadia Seemee , Paliwal Suchi , Vasudeo Aviral
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic recurrent allergic disorder of the eye more common in warm and dry climates like central India. Chronic and recurrent nature of disease requires long duration of treatment which leads to changes in ocular surface leading to cytomorphological distortion of goblet cells, that can be evaluated by impression cytology. Clinical presentation and impact of disease on cytomorphology of ocular surface was analysed in various forms of the VKC. The objective of this study was to find correlation of clinical profile and cytomorphological changes in ocular surface in patients with various forms of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Materials and methods: This cross sectional study analysed 120 eyes of 60 patients of various forms of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Detailed history was taken along with complete ophthalmic examination. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis was graded as per Gokhale et al classification. Impression cytology for goblet cell morphology and metaplasia according to classification given by Saini et al was done. Cytological changes were noted for different age groups, duration of disease, and severity of disease.
Results: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis was seen more commonly in males and in the second decade of life which shows a changing trend towards higher age. Milder forms were more commonly present than moderate and severe forms. Mostly Grade 2 changes were seen on impression cytology. 
Conclusion: Increasing severity, duration of disease and age of presentation was directly proportionate to greater cytological changes on ocular surface.
Psychological Reactions among Staffs of a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Eastern Nepal during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gautam Joshi Rinku , Joshi Purushottam , Shrestha Pranav , Basnet Prabha Subedi , Mahat Pawan
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Eye examination and different procedures performed in close contact with eye and face, put medical and non medical staff of an eye hospital at higher risk for COVID-19. This causes increased psychological burden. The objective of this study was to find out depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia among Mechi Eye Hospital staff.
Materials and methods: A web based cross-sectional study among Mechi Eye Hospital staff was done from 1st to 20th July 2020. Insomnia Severity Scale and DASS-21 were used.
Results: Out of 220, 190 (86.6%) participated, 63.2% were female and 61.05% were medical staff with an overall mean age of 31.1±8.4 years. Overall prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia and stress were 20.5%, 18.9%, 16.3% and 12.6% respectively and  those were common in female with 63.9% (p value <0.02), 64.1% (p value 0.5), 58.4% (p value 0.2) and 100% (p value <0.01) respectively. Depression, anxiety and insomnia were common in the age group 30-39 years (50%, p value< 0.02), 20-29 years (56.4%, p value 0.1) and 20-29 years (70.9%, p value 0.8) respectively.  Stress was common in 20-29 years and 30-39 years, 45.8% each (p value <0.03). Depression (75%, p value 0.2), anxiety (71.7%, p value 0.9) and stress (70.8%, p value 1.0) were common in medical staff. Insomnia was present in medical staff only (p value<0.01).
Conclusion: Mechi Eye Hospital staff had greater prevalence of psychological reaction than the national baseline during the pandemic which was more common in female, younger age and medical staff.
Choroidal Osteoma with Choroidal Neovascular Membrane treated with Anti- vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: A Rare Case with Review of Literatures
Authors: Dorji Phuntsho , Lepcha Nor Tshering , Thapa Raba
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Choroidal osteoma, usually unilateral, is a rare benign tumor of choroid. It is predominantly seen in young females. 
Case: We report a case of a 35-year-old female with unilateral choroidal osteoma associated with choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM). The diagnosis was confirmed with clinical examination, ocular ultrasonography, fundus fluorescein angiography and macular optical coherence tomography. Choroidal neovascular membrane improved with 3 doses of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (Anti-VEGF).
Conclusion: Anti-VEGF monotherapy can be a cost effective primary modality of treatment for choroidal neovascular membrane secondary to choroidal osteoma.
Comparison of Intraocular Pressure among Individuals with Systemic Hypertension and those with Normal Blood Pressure
Authors: Parajuli Sanket , Shrestha Pooja , Shrestha Jeevan K , Sharma Sadhana
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Systemic blood pressure, by far, is one of the most important factors that can have an effect on intraocular pressure. We have compared the intraocular pressure (IOP) among patients with systemic hypertension and those with normal blood pressure.
Materials and methods: A hospital based case control study was conducted from March 2017 to March 2018 in the Ophthalmology outpatient department at Dhulikhel Hospital. A total of 100 patients with hypertension were included in the case group (hypertensive group) and 100 cases with no systemic or ocular disease were included in the control group (normotensive group). Mean intraocular pressures were calculated and compared between the two groups.
Results: Mean age of patients was 49.03 years in hypertensive group and 47.53 years in normotensive group. Mean IOP of the right eye in those with hypertension was 16.10 mmHg and in the left eye was 15.8 mmHg. Similarly mean IOP of the right eye in the normotensive group was 15.8 mmHg and the left eye was 16.2 mmHg. The difference between mean IOP of hypertensive and normotensive individuals was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The prevalence of ocular hypertension was found to be 7.5%.
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in IOP between hypertensive and normotensive individuals. However, a statistically significant difference in IOP was noted between ‘hypertensive with controlled blood pressure’ and ‘hypertensive with uncontrolled BP’ indicating that high blood pressure may be associated with high IOP.
Microbial Keratitis
Authors: Sharma Namrata
Published: November 2021

Not available
INFLUENCE THE RIBS IN NEW MODEL OF CHANNEL PATH ON HYDRO-THERMAL PERFORMANCE IN SERPENTINE MINI- CHANNEL HEAT SINK
Authors:   Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, M. Mohammed Hind , H. Abood Basim ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: November 2021

The aim of the present study is to enhance of heat transfer in mini channel heat sink. To reach the target of this study a new models of mini channel heat sink is proposed the traditional model, model (A) and model (B). Both model (A, B) has straight serpentine mini channel heat sink with inlet at the center, the difference between them is that model(B) has ribs within channel, the diameter of ribs is 1 mm with distance between ribs 5mm. A 3D (ANSYS Fluent program) 2019R3 is used to obtain the numerical outcomes. A good agreement is found when compared the experimental outcomes from the literature review and the numerical results of the traditional model in the current study. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that the formation of flow has a great impact on heat transfer, Though the model with serpentine straight channel improve the pressure drop, thermal resistance, Nusselt number and the distribution of temperature in the base of heat sink. The overall performance factor (OPF) for new models under study are superior than conventional model. In addition, the average OPF for model (A) is [1.43] and for model (B) is [1.33] as compared with traditional model. As well, model (A) is superior as compared with model (B) by 6.99 % due to the effectual uniformity in the base of heat sink and efficient OPF.
STUDYING THE HARDNESS AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF HYBRID COMPOSITES USING NATURAL ADDITIVES WITH EPOXY
Authors:   Materials   Engineering  Department,  College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, A. Chlob Hisham , M. Fenjan Raad ,   Materials   Engineering  Department,  College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: November 2021

The goal of the present study is investigating effects of the natural additives from a vegetarian and animal source in a form (short fiber and particles) on hardness and thermal conductivity in composites materials. (jam Wood dust JWD, cow bones CB, date palm fiber DP, as well as sheep wool SW) have been chosen as natural additives with a variety of the reinforcements of weight fraction for epoxy matrix based that have been produced by hand lay-up approach. Thermal conductivity and hardness tests have been conducted based on the American society for the testing and materials (ASTM) for the characterization of hybrid composites it has been discovered that thermal conductivity and hardness may be decreased or increased according to the material additive type, its origin, and weight percentage utilized. %2.5 material (1) + %2.5 material (2), %2.5 material (1) + %5 material (2), %5 material (1) + %2.5 material (2).
Klasifikasi Buah Segar dan Busuk Menggunakan Ekstraksi Fitur Hu-Moment , Haralick dan Histogram
Authors: Cahya Fani Nurona , Pebrianto Rangga , M Tika Adilah
Published: November 2021

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, teknologi berkembang dengan pesat saat ini. Dengan perkembangan teknologi sekarang ini memudahkan semua orang mengakses apa saja. Banyak teknologi yang sudah ditemukan salah satunya adalah pengolahan citra digital,  Identifikasi pada sebuah citra sudah lama dikembangkan salah satunya dengan membedakan tekstur pada citra tersebut. Tekstur citra dapat dibedakan oleh kerapatan, keseragaman, kekasaran dan keteraturan dari citra yang diteliti. Agriculture saat ini sedang ramai di bahas khususnya di indonesia, banyak sekali penelitian yang di lakukan dalam sektor pertanian guna memajukan sektor pertanian itu sendiri. Dalam penelitian kali ini yaitu ekstraksi fitur menggunakan Hu-moment, Haralick dan Histogram dan klasifikasi menggunakan algoritma Random Forest. Peneliti mencoba mengklasifikasi buah-buahan segar atau busuk, dengan algoritma yang digunakan yaitu algoritma Random Forest, penelitian ini mendapatkan akurasi yang sangat tinggi yakni 99.6% sangat baik sekali. Namun guna memperbaharui  penelitian bisa mencoba beberapa fitur dan algorithma yang berbeda agar mendapatkan perbandingan atau hasil yang lebih maksimal.Kata kunci: ekstraksi fitur, Hu-moment Haralick dan Histogram, Random Forest.
Rancang Bangun Media Praktikum Bahasa Pemrograman Berbasis Web
Authors: Taufik Insan , Saputra S Kana , Yandra Niska Debi
Published: November 2021

Mengajar matakuliah yang berkaitan dengan Bahasa Pemrograman tidak sama seperti mengajar matakuliah teori atau praktik pada umumnya. Saat di dalam kelas, dosen sering berkeliling menjumpai mahasiswa satu per satu untuk mengamati, menerima keluhan, dan mengoreksi kode program yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa, sehingga waktu untuk praktikum banyak terpakai oleh dosen untuk kegiatan berkeliling dan menjadi tidak efisien untuk proses belajar mengajar. Kesulitan itu juga sangat dirasakan mahasiswa saat pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring (online) akibat pandemic Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat media praktikum berbasis web yang dapat memudahkan mahasiswa dan dosen dalam belajar Bahasa Pemrograman secara daring (online). Model pengembangan menggunakan waterfall yang terdiri dari analisis kebutuhan, desain, pembuatan kode program, pengujian, dan pemeliharaan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media praktikum Bahasa Pemrograman berbasis web dapat digunakan sebagai opsi dalam pembelajaran bahasa pemrograman tertentu secara daring (online). Teaching programming languages courses is not the same as teaching theoretical or practical courses in general. Lecturers often go around to meet students one by one to serve, receive complaints, and correct program codes made by students. Therefore, a lot of time during the practicum class is used for traveling activities and it becomes inefficient for the learning process. Students also felt this difficulty when doing online learning process because the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on these problems, this study aims to create a web-based practicum media that can make it easier for students and lecturers to learn programming language. This research uses the development of waterfall model which consists of needs analysis, design, programming, testing, and maintenance. The result obtained, the web-based programming language practicum media can be used as an option in learning certain programming languages (online).