bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ligamentous injuries to the canine hock
Authors: HOLT PETER E.
Published: September 2008

Ligamentous damage to the canine hock is a relatively uncommon orthopaedic injury. Severe trauma seems to be necessary to produce it. Four cases of tarsal ligamentous damage are reported. Their management is described and discussed along with a brief review of the relevant literature.

Résumé. Le jarret canin atteint d'un dommage ligamenteux est un accident orthopédique relal ment rare. De sévères traumas semblent nécessaires pour qu'il se produise. On rapporte quatre de dommage ligamenteux tarsien. On décrit et on discute de la manière dont on les traite avec brève revue des documents courants.

Zusammenfassung. Ligamentöser Schaden an dem Hunde‐Fesselgelenk ist eine verhältnismà ungewöhnliche orthopädische Verletzung. Sehr schlimmes Trauma scheint notwendig, um es vorzurufen. Vier Fälle von tarsal‐ligamentösem Schaden sind berichtigt. Ihre Behandlung won beschrieben und diskutiert, zusammen mit einem kurzen Überblick von der augenblicklic Literatur hierüber.
Pyloric and oesophageal dysfunction in the cat
Authors: PEARSON H. , GASKELL C. J. , GIBBS CHRISTINE , WATERMAN AVRIL
Published: September 2008

The paper describes the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of pyloric stenosis in thirteen cats, associated in some animals, with megalo‐oesophagus.
Sliding hiatus hernia with reflux oesophagitis in two dogs
Authors: GASKELL C. J. , GIBBS CHRISTINE , PEARSON H.
Published: September 2008

Vo cases of sliding hiatus hernia with gastro‐oesophageal reflux and oesophagitis the dog are described. The diagnosis was based on fluoroscopic examination d confirmed by oesophagoscopy. In both cases corrective surgery was attempted.

Résumé. On décrit deux cas d'hernie glissante de l'hiatus chez le chien, avec reflux gastroe sophagien et oesophagite. On a basé le diagnostic sur un examen fluoroscopique et on en a donné confirmation par oesophagoscopie—Dans les deux cas on a tenté la chirurgie corrective.

Zusammenfassung. Zwei Fälle von Hiatusgleitbruch mit Magenspeiseröhren Reflux und Speiseröhrenentzündung in Hunden wurden beschrieben. Die Diagnose wurde anhand einer Röntgenuntersuchung gestellt und durch Speiseröhrenbetrachtung befestigt. In beiden Fällen wurde korrigierende Chirurgie versucht.
The bone marrow of the dog and cat*
Authors: PENNY R. H. C.
Published: September 2008

There is a need for bone marrow biopsy in small animal practice but veterinarians lack knowledge of the technique. In this paper the methods of collecting the marrow sample, its processing and microscopic examination are described. The interpretation of the results is discussed.

Résumé. Une biopsie de la moelle des os est nécessaire dans la pratique de petits animaux, mais les vétérinaires manquent de connaissances en ce qui concerne la technique. Dans cet exposé, on décrit les méthodes pour recueillir un spécimen de moelle et son examen microscopique en traitant. On discute de l'interprétation des résultats.

Zusammenfassung. Es besteht die Notwendigkeit für Knochenmarkbiopsie in der Kleintierpraxis, jedoch fehlt es Tierärzten an Kenntnis der Technik. In dieser Abhandlung werden die Arten wie man Knochenmarkproben sammelt, sein Verfahren und mikroskopische Untersuchung beschrieben. Die Interpretation der Ergebnisse wird diskutiert.
Vertebral osteomyelitis in the dog due to Nocardia‐like organisms
Authors: MITTEN R. W.
Published: September 2008

Five cases of thoraco‐lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis in dogs due to Nocardia‐like organisms are described. All cases were characterized by a chronic course with signs of spinal pain or posterior paresis, general malaise and loss of condition. Response to treatment with antibiotics was poor. Diagnosis was made by radiography and confirmed at post‐mortem examination. Three of the five cases were accompanied by a bronchopneumonia or pulmonary micro‐abscesses, and the possibility of haematogenous spread of the infection from the lung lesions to the vertebral bodies is discussed.

Résumé. On décrit cinq cas d'ostéomyélite vertébrale thoraco‐lombaire chez les chiens, due aux organismes comme Nocardia. Tous les cas se caractérisaient par un cours chronique avec des signes de douleur spinale ou de parésie du postérieur, de malaise général et de détériorisation de l'état. La réaction au traitement par antibiotiques était faible. On a fait le diagnostic par radiographie et on l'a confirmé à un examen postmortel. Troid ses cinq cas ont été accompagnés de broncho‐pneumonie ou de microabces pulmonaires et on discute de la possibilité de l'extension hématogène de l'infection, des lésions du poumon aux corps vertébraux.

Zusammenfassung. Fünf Fälle von thorakel‐lumbal vertebraler Knochenmarkentzündung in Hunden, von Nocardia‐ähnlichen Organismen verursacht, wurden beschrieben. Alle Fälle waren durch einen chronischen Kurs mit Anzeichen von Rückgratschmerzen oder hinterer Parese, allgemeiner Malaise und Konditionsverlust charakterisiert. Reaktion auf Behandlung mit Antibiotika war gering. Die Diagnose wurde durch Röntgenverfahren gestellt und bei postmortaler Untersuchung bestätigt. Drei der fünf Fälle waren mit einer Bronchopneumonie oder pulmonalen Mikroabszessen verbunden und die Möglichkeit von hämatogener Verbreitung der Infektior von den Lungläsionen zu den vertebralen Körperteilen, wird diskutiert.
Feline respiratory viruses—their prevalence in clinically healthy cats
Authors: WARDLEY R. C. , GASKELL ROSALIND M. , POVEY R. C.
Published: September 2008

The prevalence of feline calicivirus (FGV) and feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) virus was assessed in three different groups of clinically healthy domestic cats. The 1500 cats were sampled using single oro‐pharyngeal swabs. The rate of isolation for FCV and FVR virus respectively was 8% and 1% in the household pet sample, 24·02% and 1·75% in the cat‐show sample and 41·5% and 0·4% in colonies A and B. The differences are discussed in relation to the different carrier states of these viruses and the social habits of the cats in each group. A computer analysis of the cat‐show group with regard to age, sex and breed demonstrated a statistically significant, lower infection rate of FCV in (1) neutered animals as compared with entires, (2) older cats compared with 0–1 year old animals and (3) certain age groups in both the Longhaired and Burmese cats as compared with other breeds.

Résumé. On a évalué la fréquence de virus calice félin et de virus rhinotrachéite viral félin dans les différents groupes de chats domestiques cliniquement en bonne santé. On a essayé un seul prélèvement oropharyngien dans 1500 chats. Le pourcentage d'isolation pour le virus FCV et le virus FVR était respectivement de 8% te de 1% dans l'échantillon de prélèvement du chat domestique, 24,02% et 1,75% dans l'échantillon du chat d'exposition et de 41,5% et de 0,4% dans les colonies A et B. On discute des différences en relation avec les différents états des porteurs de ces virus et des habitudes sociales des chats dans chaque groupe. Une analyse par machine à calculer électronique du chat d'exposition concernant l'âge, le sexe et la race a démontré un pourcentage statistiquement significatif plus faible d'infection de FCV chez (1) des animaux châtrés comparés â des animaux non‐châtrés, (2) des chats plus âgés comparés à des animaux de 0 à 1 an et (3) des groupes d'une certaine classe chez des chats à poils longs et des chats de Birmanie en comparaison avec d'autres races.

Zusammenfassung. Das Vorherrschen von Katzen‐Kalizivirus (FCV) und Katzen‐virusalen Rhinotracheitis (FVR) Virus wurden in den verschiedenen Gruppen von klinisch gesunden Hauskatzen geschächtzt. Die 1500 Katzen wurden geprüft indem man einem einzigen Mundrach‐enabstrich machte. Das Verhàltnis von Isolierung für FCV und FVR Virus war jeweilig 8% und 1% in der Hauskatzenprobe, 24,02% und 1,75% in der Katzenschauprobe und 41,5% und 0,4% in den Kolonien A und B. Die Unterschiede werden diskutiert in bezug auf den verschiedenen Übertragungszustand von diesen Viren und den geselligen Angewohnheiten dieser Katzen in jeder Gruppe. Eine Komputeranalyse der Katzenschaugruppe in bezug auf Alter, Geschlecht und Rasse bewies eine statistisch bedeutsame, niederere Infektionsrate an FCV in (1) kastrierten Tieren als der verglichen mit Nichtkastrierten, (2) ältere Katzen verglichen mit 0–1 jährig alten Tieren und (3) gewisse Altersgruppen bei den langhaarig‐ und Burmesischen Katzen verglichen mit anderen Rassen.
Craniomandibular osteopathy in Doberman Pinschers
Authors: WATSON A. D. J. , HUXTABLE C. R. R. , FARROW B. R. H.
Published: September 2008

Two young Doberman Pinschers with painless, firm enlargement of the mandibles were investigated. Craniomandibular osteopathy was diagnosed in each case on the basis of characteristic radiographic and gross and microscopic lesions.
Lag screw fixation of a patellar fracture
Authors: BETTS C. W. , WALKER MICHAEL
Published: September 2008

A case report of a longitudinal patellar fracture that was successfully treated by lag screw fixation is presented.
Intraocular lead foreign bodies in four canine eyes
Authors: SCHMIDT G. M. , DICE P. F. , KOCH S. A.
Published: September 2008

Retained intraocular lead foreign bodies are well tolerated by the canine eye. Three cases (four eyes) of intraocular lead shot are the subject of this report.
Experimental acute gastric dilation and torsion in the dog‐1. Changes in biochemical and acid‐base parameters*
Authors: WINGFIEL WAYNE E. , CORNELIUS LARRY M. , DeYOUNG DONALD W.
Published: September 2008

Acute gastric dilation and torsion with dilation were produced in eleven dogs anaesthetized with halothane. Blood samples were taken during these procedures for biochemical analyses.

Serum potassium did not change significantly, but there was a significant increase (p>0‐05) after release of the dilation with torsion. Renal function was impaired with significant increases (p > 0‐05) in the serum concentration of urea nitrogen, phosphorous, and creatinine. Evidence of cellular damage was reflected by a significant elevation (p>0‐05) in glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase activity. Serum glucose concentration increased significantly (p >0‐05) during experimental gastric dilation and dilation with torsion.

Significant (p > 0‐05) acidosis occurred during both gastric dilation alone and gastric torsion with dilation. Changes in pCO2 and pO2 were generally not significant. Arterial HCO3 values were significantly reduced (P>0‐05) 60 minutes after gastric dilation and continued to decrease during gastric torsion with dilation. It was deduced that gastric dilation with or without torsion was associated with metabolic acidosis.
BSAVA CONGRESS, 1975
Authors: BAKER GORDON
Published: September 2008

INTRODUCTION TO THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME
Pansteatitis in the cat: A report of four cases
Authors: GASKELL C. J. , LEEDALE ALISON H. , DOUGLAS S. W.
Published: September 2008

Four cases of feline pansteatitis (‘yellow fat disease’) are presented and the characteristic clinical signs discussed. In three of the cats diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy and successful treatment instigated.
Jaundice in the cat associated with inflammation of the biliary tract and pancreas
Authors: KELLY D. F. , BAGGOTT D. G. , GASKELL C. J.
Published: September 2008

A 7‐year‐old Siamese cat had recurrent episodes of pyrexia, anorexia, weight loss and jaundice. There was biochemical evidence of hepatic damage and hyperbilirubinaemia. At necropsy there was catarrhal and fibrosing inflammation of the biliary ducts, gall bladder and pancreas. The lesion was probably a sequel to ascending infection of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. Although this combination of lesions is not uncommon in cats, associated clinical disease appears to be infrequent.
The use of the wire tension band in the treatment of fractures in the dog
Authors: DENNY H. R.
Published: September 2008

The use of the wire tension band for the internal fixation of fractures of the olecranon, patella, proximal and distal epiphyses and lateral malleolus of the tibia, os calcis and radius is described in ten cases.
Hyperadrenocorticism in a dog: A case report
Authors: MULNIX JOHN A. , SMITH KENNETH W.
Published: September 2008

A case of hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's Syndrome) in a 7‐year‐old female Miniature Poodle is presented. The methods of diagnosis and treatment are also described. The case was complicated by respiratory problems associated with probable dystrophic calcification of the lungs.
Determination of γ‐globulin in dog serum by glutaraldehyde
Authors: SANDHOLM M. , KIVISTOU A‐K.
Published: September 2008

The serum y‐globulin level is a function of the production of immunoglobulins (activity of the lymphoid system) and their catabolism (catab‐olized by the liver). The demonstration of elevated serum y‐globulin is therefore helpful in detection of chronic infections and hepatic or biliary disorders.

A semiquantitative test for y‐globulin in canine serum is described. Dilute glutaraldehyde solutions polymerize the most basic serum proteins (γ‐globulins) coagulating the serum. ‘The γ‐globulin test is performed simply by mixing the reagent’ (6 % glutaraldehyde) with serum in the proportion of 1:10. The coagulation time is inversely correlated to the γ‐globulin content in the sera. Hyper γ‐globulinaemic sera will coagulate within 3 minutes.
The aetiology of primary glaucoma in the dog1
Authors: BEDFORD P. G. C.
Published: September 2008

The occurrence of primary glaucoma is reported in several canine breeds in the United Kingdom, the specific cause of ocular hypertension being the acute closure of a defective iridocorneal angle. The gonioscopic and histological features of the disease are reported, and the nature of the predisposing inherent anatomical defect is described in contrast to the normal structure of the iridocorneal angle.
Use of Papain for the detection of incomplete erythrocyte autoantibodies in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia of the dog and cat
Authors: JONES D. R. E. , DARKE P. G. G.
Published: September 2008

A simple technique, employing a papain test in place of the Coombs Test, can be used routinely to detect incomplete erythrocyte autoantibodies in the dog and cat.
Hypersensitivity of dog skin to fleas‐a clinical report
Authors: BAKER K. P. , O'FLANAGAN J.
Published: September 2008

The results of an examination of the clinical signs, epidemiology and histopathology of dogs presented with flea bite dermatitis at two Dublin clinics are given. Whilst the majority of Dublin dogs are infested with fleas only some develop a reaction to flea saliva.

It is concluded that on the evidence available, flea dermatitis is a hypersensitive reaction to flea saliva and elimination of fleas from the environment of affected animals remains the best method of controlling the disease.
An hypothesis for the aetiology of canine chemoreceptor system neoplasms, based upon an epidemiological study of 73 cases among hospital patients
Authors: HAYES HOWARD M.
Published: September 2008

Of 250, 000 dogs seen by twelve United States and Canadian veterinary‐college hospital/clinics, seventy‐three dogs were identified with chemo‐dectomas. The Boxer and Boston Terrier breeds had significantly higher risk for the tumour than all breeds combined; excessive risk was detected in all male dogs combined and in male dogs 10 years of age and older‐ especially in Boston Terriers. A familial predisposition aggravated by chronic hypoxia are suggested as possible aetiological factors responsible for the excessive risk in bulldog breeds.
Temporomandibular subluxation in the dog: A case report
Authors: STEWART W. CAMERON , BAKER G. J. , LEE R.
Published: September 2008

Temporomandibular subluxation was diagnosed in a 2‐year old Irish Setter dog. The presenting sign was frequent bouts of open jaw‐locking. Tomographic evidence suggested that temporomandibular dysplasia was a factor in the aetiology of the condition. Surgical excision of rostral segments of the zygomatic arches effectively alleviated the clinical condition.
Some aspects of pancreatic disease in the cat
Authors: DUFFELL S. J.
Published: September 2008

A survey of seventeen cases of pancreatic disease seen in cats over a 2 year period is presented. Three were suffering from diabetes mellitus, eleven from pancreatitis, and three had neoplastic lesions. The main clinical findings and post‐mortem details are recorded. The occurrence of chronic and sub‐acute pancreatitis appears more common than reported hitherto.
Pets and poisons*
Authors: CLARKE E. G. C.
Published: September 2008

A survey is made of the substances to be found in the average house which are capable of causing poisoning in Cats, Dogs and Cage Birds.
The relief of epiphora by conjunctivorhinostomy
Authors: LONG R. D.
Published: September 2008

A technique of conjunctivorhinostomy is described for the relief of epiphora in the absence of satisfactory lachrymal drainage. The method employed involves implanting a polythene tube from the mesial canthus to the maxillary sinus to create a permanent fistula.
Operative techniques and recurrence rates associated with gastric volvulus in the dog
Authors: WINGFIELD W. E. , BETTS C. W. , GREENE R. W.
Published: September 2008

Numerous surgical procedures have been attempted to correct the immediate emergency associated with the gastric dilation‐volvulus syndrome in the dog. These surgical procedures included anatomical repositioning alone, gastropexy, gastrotomy with an occasional partial gastrectomy, pyloric surgery, pharyngostomy tube, and splenectomy. None of these procedures has been shown to totally prevent recurrence of gastric volvulus.
Recurring gastric volvulus in a dog
Authors: BETTS C. W. , KNELLER S. K. , ROSIN E.
Published: September 2008

A successful prophylactic permanent gastropexy was performed on a dog that had previously experienced four gastric volvulus procedures, one prophylactic pyloroplasty, and two subsequent gastric volvulus repairs. Radiographic evaluation of the previous pyloroplasty and the final permanent gastropexy are illustrated.
Greyhound injuries
Authors: HICKMAN J.
Published: September 2008

Greyhounds sustain a number of injuries which are rarely seen in other breeds. In the left front leg fractures of the accessory carpal bone and dislocations and subluxations of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints are particularly common whereas in the right hind leg fractures of the central tarsal bone and ruptures of the gracilis muscle occur. These injuries are discussed in relation to their aetiology and the methods of treatment employed.
Chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy in the dog*
Authors: GRIFFITHS I. R. , DUNCAN I. D.
Published: September 2008

Chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy (CDRM) is the name proposed for the chronic ataxic syndrome of older dogs previously reported as chronic ossifying pachymeningitis. The condition occurs in dogs of 6 years and older and affects large breeds. There is a slowly progressive ataxia and weakness of the hind limbs. Clinical testing demonstrates abnormalities in proprioception and touch and the nails of the affected leg(s) are usually worn. In the present series 70 % of cases had depression or absence of the patellar reflexes. Pain sensation, bladder control and the panniculus reflex are normal. There are degenerative lesions in the lumbar dorsal columns, fasciculus gracilis, lateral cortico spinal tract and around the ventro‐median fissure. In many cases the dorsal nerve roots are also involved. The thoraco‐lumbar grey matter and nucleus gracilis show marked astrocytic sclerosis. The distribution of the lesions suggests that this is a ‘dying back’ disease confined to the central nervous system.
A survey of the source of pups and their health status as seen in the North West Region of the BSAVA
Authors: BRADLEY W. A.
Published: September 2008

Results are presented or a survey carried out in the North West Region of the BSAVA, covering the source of pups and their health status as seen at first consultation. The results are examined in detail to see if various widely held impressions can be supported and also to find out if any courses for action are suggested. From the results it appears that pups obtained directly from the breeder are superior in health and condition. It is also suggested that education of suppliers and owners is necessary but it is very difficult to obtain improvements.
Polyostotic cystic bone lesions in a dog
Authors: GARRIG C. B. , POOL R. R. , McELROY J. M.
Published: September 2008

The clinical, radiological, and pathological features of a polyostotic cystic bone lesion in a 9‐month‐old Doberman Pinscher are described. The patient was diagnosed as having nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism at 6 weeks of age and after dietary correction it remained clinically normal until 9 months when there was sudden left hind‐limb lameness due to a pathological fracture through a cystic lesion in the distal femur. Radiography revealed additional cystic structures in the metaphyses of the left radius, and left and right tibia. Pseudofractures were associated with two of the cystic lesions.

In some areas the cysts were crossed by trabeculae and in others there were bony ridges on the inner cystic wall. The cavities were lined with flesh‐coloured fibrillar material which formed a lacy network extending into cavities. Histologically, multiple small cysts were present adjacent to the larger cavities noted radiographically. The secondary spongiosa and the metaphyseal periosteum were the major abnormal tissue sites. The small cysts appeared to arise in an oedematous and congested metaphyseal spongiosa. The cysts were accompanied by small foci of intense osteoclasis but unattended by compensatory bone production, and the consequent possibility of pseudofractures is an important clinical consideration. Earlier reports demonstrated that resolution of the lesions will follow surgical drainage and curettage of the cystic cavity. Of six cases of polyostotic cystic bone lesions observed in the dog, five were in the Doberman Pinscher breed.
Pentobarbitone as an anaesthetic agent in the Adelie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae
Authors: ANDREWS C. J. H.
Published: September 2008

Thirty‐two Adelie penguins were injected with sodium pentobarbitone (May & Baker). In twenty‐two the intraperitoneal (IP) route alone was used and in ten both the IP and intravenous (IV) routes. The average time until the onset of surgical anaesthesia was 130 min (45‐220). Four penguins died whilst under anaesthetic for unknown reasons and one from blood loss, the remaining twenty‐seven survived for periods up to 13 hours and were electively killed. It is suggested that the variation in the anaesthetic induction period is due to the variation in the body fat content. One bird was left to recover and was immobile for 78 hours. In the penguin, barbiturates are presumably metabolized very slowly.

Sodium pentobarbitone (50 mg kg‐1) is recommended as an anaesthetic agent for deep surgical anaesthesia, provided that it is a nonsurvival procedure, and rapid induction is not necessary.
The necropsy in small animal practice
Authors: SHEAHAN B. J.
Published: September 2008

Necropsies play an important role in investigations of diseases and deaths. Veterinary practitioners who perform necropsies regularly will find that it is an effective method of sharpening diagnostic acumen. The methodology of conducting necropsies on small animals and of submitting specimens to diagnostic laboratories is reviewed. Close collaboration between practitioner and pathologist is essential if optimum results are to be achieved.
Bile pleuritis in a dog
Authors: BELLENGER C. R. , TRIM CYNTHIA , SUMMER‐SMITH G.
Published: September 2008

Perforation of the liver and diaphragm of a dog by a bullet caused leakage of bile into the thorax. Successful surgical treatment is described.
First aid and veterinary treatment of wild birds*
Authors: COOPER J. E.
Published: September 2008

The first aid and veterinary treatment of wild birds is outlined and attention is drawn to the legal and scientific justifications for such work.

Particular emphasis is laid upon the careful examination of such cases and the importance, in subsequent treatment, of good management and nursing. Specific topics discussed include the care of young birds and the treatment of infectious and parasitic diseases, traumatic injuries, poisoning and oiling.
Myasthenia in Springer Spaniel littermates
Authors: JOHNSON R. P. , WATSON A. D. J. , SMITH J. , COOPER B. J.
Published: September 2008

At 6 weeks of age several Springer Spaniel littermates developed weakness which was exacerbated by exercise and alleviated by rest. Pharmacological testing and electromyographic studies indicated that the disorder resembled human myasthenia gravis. The initial response to neostigmine was satisfactory, but correct maintenance of dosage was difficult and two pups were electively destroyed. During 14 months of observation the third animal has shown continued requirement for treatment. Neostigmine overdose produced signs similar to those of undertreatment, but was recognized by failure to improve after intravenous administration of edrophonium.
Fractures of the distal femur in the dog and cat
Authors: ALCANTARA P. J. , STEAD A. C.
Published: September 2008

A series of fractures of the distal femur in the dog and cat are described and classified anatomically from radiographs. Treatment is discussed and the long‐term results of surgery in twenty‐four cases are described.
The reaction of hair follicles in the vicinity of full‐thickness excised skin wounds in the dog
Authors: WINSTANLEY E. W.
Published: September 2008

The changes which take place in hair follicles close to full‐thickness excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog are described. The follicles make a significant contribution to the bulk of epithelial cells which are capable of migrating to form the new epidermis, and their behaviour explains why the migrating epithelium is first seen to grow on to the surface of the wound in the sector which lies in the direction of hair flow, and why a zone of alopecia surrounds the excised wound.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the dog and cat: Comparison of two methods and influence of packed cell volume, temperature and storage of blood
Authors: JAIN N. C. , KONO CONSTANCE S.
Published: September 2008

Erythrocyte sedimentation rates of canine and feline blood were measured by the Wintrobe method and by a capillary method utilizing 75 times 1 mm microhaematocrit tubes. Results obtained with each method were generally similar for both species.

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with the Wintrobe method as well as with the capillary method was inversely related to the packed cell volume (PCV), i. e., the lower the PCV, the higher the ESR. However, there was no consistent relationship between the ESR values obtained by the two methods at all levels of PCV. Wintrobe ESR values were slightly higher than capillary tube values for canine blood having a PCV of 36‐60% and for ‘reconstituted’ canine and feline bloods having a high PCV. In contrast, capillary tube ESR values were slightly higher than Wintrobe values for ‘reconstituted’ canine blood having a PCV of 8‐38 % and for feline blood with a PCV below 30%. It was, therefore, concluded that ESR values obtained by the two methods cannot be considered equivalent.

Only a slight decrease occurred in the ESR of blood held at 4°C for 2‐6 hours, whereas the ESR of blood held at room temperature dropped markedly and blood stored for 24 hours at either temperature consistently gave lower values. Therefore, it is recommended that if the ESR cannot be determined soon after sampling, the blood should be stored at 4°C and the test conducted within 6 hours.
Retropharyngeal fibrosarcoma in a dog
Authors: MURDOCH D. B. , JONES R. S.
Published: September 2008

A 2½‐year‐old Alsatian dog was admitted to the University of Liverpool Field Station as a respiratory emergency after dysphagia had been observed for 6 weeks. During surgery a fibrosarcoma was found in the connective tissue of the posterior pharyngeal region. The clinical, radiological, surgical and post‐mortem features are described.
Orthopaedic disease affecting the pelvic region of the cat
Authors: BENNETT DAVID
Published: September 2008

Clinical cases of pelvic disease in the cat were surveyed over a 5 year period and were classified into proximal femoral epiphyseal separation and femoral neck fracture (19‐6%), anterodorsal hip luxation (19‐6%), pelvic fracture (34%), sacroiliac separation (16%), sacral and coccygeal fracture separation (7‐2%) and neoplasia (3‐1%).

Treatment of proximal femoral epiphyseal separation and femoral neck fracture by excision arthroplasty gave a more rapid return to soundness compared with conservative treatment. The majority of hip luxations responded well to external reduction and restricted exercise for 2‐4 days. All cases of pelvic fract. ure were treated conservatively (2‐14 days of ‘cage‐rest’) and showed marked improvement within 2 weeks. Radiographic and clinical assessment of these revealed that the fractured bones eventually stabilized in their displaced positions. Sacral and coccygeal fracture separations required careful evaluation for bladder function and some cases needed tail amputation. Certain complications associated with conservative treatment of pelvic injuries in cats have been considered although in no case did these prove a serious clinical problem. Two cases of giant cell sarcoma and one of spindle cell sarcoma, of periosteal origin, were included in the survey.
Canine chemodectoma (extra‐adrenal paragangliomas)‐a comparative study
Authors: PATNAIK A. K. , LIU S. ‐K. , HURVITZ A. I. , McCLELLAND A. J.
Published: September 2008

Sixty‐seven cases of chemodectoma in dogs (fifty‐nine aortic body, two glomus pulmonale, and six carotid body) were studied. The epidemiology, biological behaviour, and association with other tumours of canine and human chemodectoma were compared. The large number of sites of origin of human chemodectomas was not observed in the dog. The canine chemo‐dectomas occurred as multiple tumours in 16% of the cases and were biologically similar to the human tumours. As with human chemodectomas, an association with endocrine tumours (such as phaeochromocyto‐mas and thyroid neoplasms) was observed.

The aortic body tumours were the most common and occurred more frequently in males. A higher rate of metastasis (22%) and a higher frequency of multiple endocrine tumours in association with chemodectomas, not observed in the dog before, were seen. In contrast to the high frequency of interstitial cell tumours and a low frequency of Sertoli cell tumours noted in previous studies, a low frequency of interstitial cell tumours and a high frequency of Sertoli cell tumours were seen in this study. Similarly, a previously reported high frequency of haemangio‐sarcoma was not observed in this series.

A significantly higher frequency of chemodectomas was seen in the brachiocephalic dogs (Boxers and Boston terriers). Chemodectomas in man have shown familial predispositions. However, in brachiocephalic dogs the high frequency of chemodectomas may be caused by their partially obstructed air passages, rather than by a genetic factor only.

A higher incidence of chemoreceptor‐cell hyperplasia and chemo‐
Canine adenovirus: its role in renal and ocular disease: a review
Authors: WRIGHT N. G.
Published: September 2008

Hypersensitivity reactions to live attenuated and virulent field strains of canine adenovirus can produce renal and ocular disease. The renal lesion is a focal interstitial nephritis which is probably a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction; it has not so far been shown to be of any clinical significance. The ocular lesion, thought to be a Type III immune complex hypersensitivity reaction, is characterized by anterior uveitis and corneal oedema. It is usually transitory but occasionally results in permanent eye defects.
Generalized atherosclerosis in a dog
Authors: ROBINSON M.
Published: September 2008

A case of generalized atherosclerosis in a dog is reported and described. Arteries in many body organs were affected, the main changes being in the media with lesser changes in the intima.
Gastric carcinoma in a dog
Authors: DORN A. S. , ANDERSON N. V. , GUFFY M. M. , CHO D. Y. , LEIPOLD H. W.
Published: September 2008

An 8–year‐old castrated male Bassett hound had been vomiting intermittently for 3 weeks. In addition, clinical signs of anorexia, weight loss, dehydration, depression and anterior abdominal pain were noted. Gastro‐scopic and radiographic examination revealed a mass at the pyloric region of the stomach. Clinical remission followed surgical excision of gastric carcinoma, with recurrence of vomiting 4 months after surgery. At necropsy, the pyloric region of the stomach was markedly thickened, rigid, scirrhous and had an excavated ulcer. The pathological diagnosis was a poorly differentiated, diffuse gastric carcinoma with metastasis to regional lymph nodes.
Age changes in the eyes of the Beagle dog
Authors: HEYWOOD R. , HEPWORTH P. L. , Van ABBE N. J.
Published: September 2008

Changes with age in the eyes of Beagle dogs are described clinically and histologically. Lenticular changes involve increased prominence of the posterior lens sutures and opacity within the fetal nucleus. Cystoid degeneration of the retina was found in 85% of 8–year–old animals examined. A pigmentary change of the retina was found to be associated with focal degenerative change of the tapetum. No case of retinal atrophy was recorded.
Prolonged anaesthesia
Authors: HALL L. W.
Published: September 2008

Prolonged surgical anaesthesia presents different problems from those encountered in the provision of immobilization and unconsciousness for intensive therapy. Meticulous care in applying basic principles will provide surgical anaesthesia of several hours' duration. In dogs, prolonged immobilization for intensive therapy may be obtained by a routine of morphine and diazepam administration, while in cats it may be achieved by ‘Saffan’ anaesthesia. During prolonged unconsciousness careful monitoring of the patient is essential; an adequate urine flow can be ensured by the intravenous infusion of appropriate electrolyte solutions, and particular care has to be given to maintenance of body temperature.
Metaphyseal osteopathy (hypertrophic osteodystrophy) in growing dogs. A clinical study
Authors: GRÔNDALEN JORUNN
Published: September 2008

Based on the different investigations performed, the author finds that the diseases called skeletal scurvy, infantile scurvy, Jvfcller Barlow's disease, hypertrophic osteodystrophy and osteodystrophy II must be the same entity.

This study deals with twenty‐six dogs suffering from this disease. Contrary to earlier reports, the prognosis is favourable. There were no significant differences in recovery between dogs intensively treated and those not treated. Relapses were rare, and only two dogs subsequently developed classical hypertrophies.

Based on these findings, and recognizing that the aetiology is still unknown, the author suggests the name metaphyseal osteopathy for this affection.
Malignant haemangioendothelioma (angiosarcoma) in the dog
Authors: PEARSON G. R. , HEAD K. W.
Published: September 2008

During the period from January 1969 to January 1975, twenty‐five cases of malignant haemangioendothelioma were found in the course of routine post‐mortem examinations. One case was observed in the period 1949–1952. The two periods are compared with respect to age, breed and sex of dogs examined.

The Alsatian was represented significantly more than other breeds (eleven out of twenty‐five cases) and particularly in cases involving the right atrium (seven Alsatians in a total of eleven cases).

The post‐mortem findings and histology are described. It is suggested that there are three groups of cases, namely, primary spleen, primary right atrium and primary at some other site.
Mechanical interference with lower jaw movement as a complication of skull fractures
Authors: BENNETT DAVID , CAMPBELL J. R.
Published: September 2008

Two cases are described with abnormal jaw movement due to callus formation following skull fracture. Both cases were successfully treated by resection of the zygomatic arch.
Dropped jaw—mandibular neurapraxia in the dog
Authors: ROBINS G. M.
Published: September 2008

Five canine cases of inability to close the mouth are presented. In each instance the probable cause was bilateral, temporary paralysis of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. All the cases responded satisfactorily to having the mouth loosely muzzled for a period of up to 3 weeks.
Eclampsia in the bitch
Authors: AUSTAD ROLV , BJERKAS ELLEN
Published: September 2008

On the basis of a study of the literature and of nineteen new cases of eclampsia in dogs, the aetiology, clinical picture and treatment of the disease are discussed. Average plasma calcium concentrations in seventeen of the bitches in the authors' material was 6–16 ± 0–77 mg/100 ml; the remaining two had normal levels (over 9 mg/100 ml). Plasma magnesium levels were normal in all the bitches, and averaged 2–07 ± 0–38 mg/100 ml.
A survey of racing injuries in the Greyhound
Authors: PROLE J. H. B.
Published: September 2008

A survey was made of a total of 786 reported injuries in racing Greyhounds during 1968. The most common sites of injury are identified and the results compared with existing data (and clinical experience).
A REPORT OF TWO CASES AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: PATNAIK A. K. , SCHAER M. , PARKS J. , LIU S.‐K.
Published: September 2008

The clinical, radiographic, gross, and histopathological characteristics of two cases of teratocarcinomas occurring unilaterally in the ovaries of a 9‐year‐old and a 2‐year‐old dog with diffuse metastasis are described. Tissues of all three primordial germ layers, with a histological resemblance to different organ systems, were observed in the primary as well as in the metastatic lesions. Differentiation varied from matured elements to unrecognizable anaplastic cells. These are the first reported cases of teratocarcinoma in the dog.
Testicular neoplasia in an intersex dog
Authors: KELLY D. F. , LONG SUSAN E. , STROHMENGER GAIL D.
Published: September 2008

A 9‐year‐old male, pseudohermaphrodite Labrador had intermittent urinary incontinence and haematuria. Laparotomy revealed two neoplastic intra‐abdominal testes and a uterus which communicated with the urethra. Seminoma and Sertoli cell tumours were found in the testes.
Work with sledge dogs in the Antarctic
Authors: BOSTELMANN R. W.
Published: September 2008

The author is the first veterinary surgeon to spend a winter in the Antarctic looking after the sledge dogs. The method of training and driving the dogs is described, together with the veterinary conditions that were encountered.
Irregular intestinal mucosal margination in the dog: normal or abnormal?
Authors: THRALL DONALD E. , LEININGER JOEL R.
Published: September 2008

The apparently random variability of the margination of the small bowel observed during contrast radiography prompted an investigation to determine the significance and aetiology of such a finding. Upper gastrointestinal tract contrast radiography of twenty‐five dogs revealed a marked variation in the smoothness of mucosal margination. Gross and histological examination of the small bowel of these dogs revealed no lesions which could account for the variation in mucosal margination. It was noted that the spatial arrangement of the villi varied in such a way that the degree of irregularity of the mucosa observed radiographically could depend on the ability of the contrast medium to dissect around upright villi.
Blood parasites of dogs in Ibadan
Authors: ODUYE O. O. , DIPEOLU O. O.
Published: September 2008

Between March, 1974 and February, 1975, blood smears made from 500 of the dogs brought to the small animal clinic of the University of Ibadan and the state owned veterinary clinic in the same town were stained with Giemsa and examined for blood parasites. Forty‐nine per cent of the dogs carried blood parasites, the commonest of which was Babesia cards. Others were B. gibsoni, Haemobartonella canis, Trypanosoma congolense, Eperythrozoon and Microfilaria. The parasitaemia due to these parasites in the dogs examined was mostly light, although a substantial number of dogs had medium and heavy parasitaemias. No significant difference was found in the susceptibility of the local and exotic breeds to infection with the parasites.
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the liver in a dog
Authors: PATNAIK AMIYA K. , LIU SI‐KWANG , JOHNSON GERALD F.
Published: September 2008

An extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the liver is reported in a 14‐year‐old male Fox Terrier. Ante‐ and post‐mortem radiographs showed calcified nodules in the liver and non‐involvement of the skeletal system. The liver was diffusely involved with greyish, mostly mineralized nodules, and metastatic lesions were seen in the diaphragm, omentum, mesentery, and the sternal lymph nodes. Besides the osteosarcoma, a melanoma with metastasis to the regional lymph node was seen in the left hock region.
A condition resembling human localized myositis ossificans in two dogs
Authors: LIU S.‐K. , DORFMAN H. D.
Published: September 2008

Bony lesions similar to those of localized myositis ossificans in humans were found in the gluteal muscles around the right hip joints of two German Shepherd dogs. A soft tissue density was located radiographically in the muscles. Histopathologically, the lesions consisted of zonal proliferation of cellular fibrous tissue, osteoid tissue, and immature bone. The tissue showed zones of well‐formed osteoid or osseous trabeculae with the more mature bone situated at the periphery. Cellular pseudosarcomatous tissue was found in the central zones.
An anatomical and histological study of the sciatic nerve, relating to peripheral nerve injuries in the dog and cat
Authors: BENNETT DAVID
Published: September 2008

The gross anatomical and histological features of the sciatic, peroneal and tibial nerves in the dog and cat are described with a view to explaining the vulnerability of these nerves to trauma.
Intertarsal and tarso‐metatarsal subluxation in the dog
Authors: CAMPBELL JAMES R. , BENNETT DAVID , LEE ROBIN
Published: September 2008

Forty‐four cases of intertarsal subluxation and eight cases of tarso‐metatarsal subluxation in the dog are reported. The anatomical features of the hock related to these conditions are briefly considered. There was evidence that the Shetland Sheepdog is predisposed to intertarsal subluxation and in this breed minimal trauma was associated with the occurrence of the condition. The history, clinical and radiographic features are reported for each condition and the methods and results of treatment described.
Sertoli cell tumours associated with feminization, prostatitis and squamous metaplasia of the renal tubular epithelium in a dog
Authors: LINDBERG R. , JONSSON O.‐J. , KASSTRÖM H.
Published: September 2008

A case of bilateral Sertoli cell tumours in a 7‐year‐old cryptorchid male Newfoundland dog is described. The dog showed clinical signs of feminization viz. bilateral alopecia, enlargement of the nipples, and flaccidity of the prepuce.

Necropsy revealed developmental anomalies of the genital duct system, squamous metaplasia of the prostatic epithelium, purulent prostatitis, and widespread acute thromboembolism, apparently caused by the prostatic inflammation. Focal squamous metaplasia of the renal tubular epithelium was also found in this case. The connection between this lesion and the Sertoli cell tumour‐feminization complex is discussed.
Polycystic kidneys and peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in the cat: a case report
Authors: RENDANO VICTOR T. , PARKER ROBERT B.
Published: September 2008

Polycystic kidneys and peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia were diagnosed in an 8‐year‐old female domestic shorthair cat. The animal was anorectic at the time of presentation, and the blood urea level was mildly elevated.

Euthanasia was performed at the owner's request.
The anatomy of the superficial inguinal ring and its contained and adjacent structures in the live Greyhound—a study by palpation
Authors: MCCARTHY P. H.
Published: September 2008

A detailed description is given of: (a) the location of each of the palpable structures associated either directly or indirectly with the superficial ring of the live Greyhound; (b) the sensations experienced in feeling the structures; and (c) the topographical and palpable differences associated with changes in the nutritional status and the posture of the animal.

A functional role for the palpable part of the tendon of origin of the pectineus muscle is proposed.
The diagnosis of anal sacculitis in the dog
Authors: HALNAN C. R. E.
Published: September 2008

A new approach to diagnosis is described based on behavioural signs of which some twenty are listed. Fixation licking, starting at the rump and asymmetrical sitting are among signs added to the existing commonly accepted ones such as ‘scooting’. Normal anal sac fluid is defined as almost clear, slightly yellow in colour, and abnormal material is described in varying forms of coloured pus. Predisposing factors are suggested such as diarrhoea and diets leading to soft bolus. The bacterial flora involved is defined consisting of micrococci, diphtheroids, Escherichia colt, Salmonella, Streptococcus faecalis, Clostridium welchii, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and Proteus. Moreover, it is suggested that some unresponsive skin conditions are prolonged through a secondary effect of anal sacculitis.
The use of Sterculia Gum* for controlling intestinal tone in the dog and cat
Authors: FENNELL CLEMENT
Published: September 2008

Sixty‐four cases of a variety of intestinal disorders in small animals were treated with Sterculia Gum orally. Satisfactory results were obtained when the drug was used alone or in conjunction with supportive therapy. The efficacy of the treatment was adequately demonstrated in both the diarrhoeic and the constipative case, and no evidence of contra‐indication was reported. Sterculia Gum absorbs at least sixty times its own volume of water, and it was found particularly valuable in the treatment and control of dehydration in the cat.
Persistence of antibody to feline panleucopaenia induced by a modified live virus vaccine
Authors: O'REILLY K. J. , HITCHCOCK LOUISE M.
Published: September 2008

Significant antibody response to feline panleucopaenia virus was present 2 months after vaccination with modified live virus vaccine and persisted for 4 years.
The structure of canine urinary calculi
Authors: CLARK W. T.
Published: September 2008

Thin sections of canine calculi were examined using microradiographic techniques and although nuclei were detected in a few stones, their presence did not appear to be necessary for the formation of canine calculi. Concentrically arranged laminar bands were seen in the majority of magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi, but radial striation was seen only in one stone which was composed of ammonium urate. Fissures were observed in the centres of several calculi composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate.
Lateral spinal decompression in the dog
Authors: BRAUND K. G. , TAYLOR T. K. F. , GHOSH P. , SHERWOOD A. A.
Published: September 2008

As an adjunct to the thoracolumbar surgical management of intervertebral disc prolapse in the dog, a lateral decompressive technique is described which permits removal of the prolapsed intervertebral disc material and prophylactic disc fenestration at the same time.
A survey of the use of non‐graduate staff in Midland practices
Authors: LANE D. R.
Published: September 2008

A study of the employment of non‐graduate staff in fifty‐one practices engaged in small animal work was made in 1975. Observations on the wastage of trained ancillary persons and suggestions for the more effective use of practice personnel are made.