bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 y violencia de género.
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández Ascensión
Published: February 2022

La situación de crisis y emergencia nacional que ha creado la pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2 que genera la enfermedad Covid-19, ha ocasionado, entre una gran variedad de consecuencias a nivel político, económico y social, el que la situación de violencia de género contra la mujer se haya puesto en evidencia. Una revisión de las medidas de contención de la violencia de género, de las herramientas de detección precoz y un análisis del impacto de género de esta problemática durante la pandemia de Covid-19 es una necesidad que ha surgido durante este periodo actual de crisis. Este estudio se ha llevado a cabo durante los primeros meses de confinamiento mediante una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de fuentes primarias y secundarias, analizando las respuestas de contención más relevantes y se realiza un análisis del impacto que la pandemia provoca sobre la situación familiar y laboral de la mujer. Los resultados iniciales apuntan a que esta crisis sanitaria tendrá graves consecuencias para las mujeres en términos de aumentar desigualdades sociales y laborales, de una mayor tasa de contagio de la enfermedad por ocupar nichos de empleo feminizados asociados al sector sanitario y de cuidados y en términos de violencia de género, el confinamiento junto al agresor es un factor determinante en la producción de este tipo de violencia sobre las mujeres y sus hijos e hijas.
Investigación Acción Participativa
Authors: Ducca Cisneros Linda Vanina , González Casas David , Cortés Moreno Javier
Published: February 2022

En este estudio se describe un proceso de intervención mediante la Investigación Acción Participativa con un grupo de jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual y sus familias, en el contexto de un programa de formación sociolaboral en la Universidad de Jaén. El objetivo principal de la investigación consiste en explorar las temáticas relacionadas con el continuo sobreprotección-autonomía desde la perspectiva de los y las participantes. Mediante la utilización de actividades grupales y/o artísticas se promovió la discusión que llevó a la definición de la terminología y sus implicaciones en la vida diaria. El proceso de investigación supuso que familiares y alumnado trabajaran de forma separada pero paralela, con el objetivo de crear oportunidades para mejorar el entendimiento mutuo mediante la reflexión continua. Los principales ejes temáticos identificados por los y las participantes con discapacidad intelectual fueron: libertad, confianza por parte de sus familias, autonomía, libre elección de prendas e independencia. A su vez, las familias identificaron como dimensiones a trabajar: preparación para afrontar nuevas circunstancias, sobreprotección, sexualidad, consumos y objetivos vitales difíciles de realizar. Pudieron expresar sus opiniones de manera libre, segura y de forma diversa. El proceso participativo permitió un diálogo constructivo acerca de temas considerados tabú, tales como la sexualidad y la vida independiente
Classification of bursting patterns: A tale of two ducks
Authors: Desroches Mathieu , Rinzel John , Rodrigues Serafim
Published: February 2022

Bursting is one of the fundamental rhythms that excitable cells can generate either in response to incoming stimuli or intrinsically. It has been a topic of intense research in computational biology for several decades. The classification of bursting oscillations in excitable systems has been the subject of active research since the early 1980s and is still ongoing. As a by-product, it establishes analytical and numerical foundations for studying complex temporal behaviors in multiple timescale models of cellular activity. In this review, we first present the seminal works of Rinzel and Izhikevich in classifying bursting patterns of excitable systems. We recall a complementary mathematical classification approach by Bertram and colleagues, and then by Golubitsky and colleagues, which, together with the Rinzel-Izhikevich proposals, provide the state-of-the-art foundations to these classifications. Beyond classical approaches, we review a recent bursting example that falls outside the previous classification systems. Generalizing this example leads us to propose an extended classification, which requires the analysis of both fast and slow subsystems of an underlying slow-fast model and allows the dissection of a larger class of bursters. Namely, we provide a general framework for bursting systems with both subthreshold and superthreshold oscillations. A new class of bursters with at least 2 slow variables is then added, which we denote folded-node bursters, to convey the idea that the bursts are initiated or annihilated via a folded-node singularity. Key to this mechanism are so-called canard or duck orbits, organizing the underpinning excitability structure. We describe the 2 main families of folded-node bursters, depending upon the phase (active/spiking or silent/nonspiking) of the bursting cycle during which folded-node dynamics occurs. We classify both families and give examples of minimal systems displaying these novel bursting patterns. Finally, we provide a biophysical example by reinterpreting a generic conductance-based episodic burster as a folded-node burster, showing that the associated framework can explain its subthreshold oscillations over a larger parameter region than the fast subsystem approach.
Personal care formulations demonstrate virucidal efficacy against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: Implications for hand hygiene and public health
Authors: Mukherjee Sayandip , Vincent Carol K. , Jayasekera Harshinie W. , Yekhe Ashish Shrikant
Published: February 2022

Despite considerable progress being made on vaccine roll out, practicing proper hand hygiene has been advocated as a consistent precautionary intervention against the circulating and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Two variants of concern, namely beta and delta, have been shown to exhibit enhanced transmissibility, high viral load, and ability to escape antibody-mediated neutralization. In this report we have empirically determined the efficacy of selected personal care formulations from Unilever in inactivating the beta and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 under simulated real-life conditions. All the formulations demonstrated greater than 99.9% reduction in viral infective titres which is comparable to inactivation of the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus tested under the same conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that well-designed personal care formulations when tested under consumer-centric conditions, and with proven efficacy against the parent strain of SARS-CoV-2 will continue to be effective against extant and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Stage-differentiated ensemble modeling of DNA methylation landscapes uncovers salient biomarkers and prognostic signatures in colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Muthamilselvan Sangeetha , Raghavendran Abirami , Palaniappan Ashok
Published: February 2022

Background

Aberrant DNA methylation acts epigenetically to skew the gene transcription rate up or down, contributing to cancer etiology. A gap in our understanding concerns the epigenomics of stagewise cancer progression. In this study, we have developed a comprehensive computational framework for the stage-differentiated modelling of DNA methylation landscapes in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

The methylation β-matrix was derived from the public-domain TCGA data, converted into M-value matrix, annotated with AJCC stages, and analysed for stage-salient genes using an ensemble of approaches involving stage-differentiated modelling of methylation patterns and/or expression patterns. Differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified using a contrast against controls (adjusted p-value <0.001 and |log fold-change of M-value| >2), and then filtered using a series of all possible pairwise stage contrasts (p-value <0.05) to obtain stage-salient DMGs. These were then subjected to a consensus analysis, followed by matching with clinical data and performing Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to evaluate the impact of methylation patterns of consensus stage-salient biomarkers on disease prognosis.

Results

We found significant genome-wide changes in methylation patterns in cancer cases relative to controls agnostic of stage. The stage-differentiated models yielded the following consensus salient genes: one stage-I gene (FBN1), one stage-II gene (FOXG1), one stage-III gene (HCN1) and four stage-IV genes (NELL1, ZNF135, FAM123A, LAMA1). All the biomarkers were significantly hypermethylated in the promoter regions, indicating down-regulation of expression and implying a putative CpG island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) manifestation. A prognostic signature consisting of FBN1 and FOXG1 survived all the analytical filters, and represents a novel early-stage epigenetic biomarker / target.

Conclusions

We have designed and executed a workflow for stage-differentiated epigenomic analysis of colorectal cancer progression, and identified several stage-salient diagnostic biomarkers, and an early-stage prognostic biomarker panel. The study has led to the discovery of an alternative CIMP-like signature in colorectal cancer, reinforcing the role of CIMP drivers in tumor pathophysiology.
Analysis of competitive and comparative advantages of potato production in Indonesia
Authors: Saptana  , Sayekti Apri Laila , Perwita Atika Dyah , Sayaka Bambang , Gunawan Endro , Sukmaya Syahrul Ganda , Hayati Nur Qomariah , Yusuf  , Sumaryanto  , Yufdy Muhammad Prama , Mardianto Sudi , Pitaloka Atika Dian
Published: February 2022

Fundamental issues in sustainable development of competitive potato production in Indonesia are production and distribution inefficiencies. This study aims to examine the potato production competitiveness through competitive and comparative analyses as well as evaluating the impacts of government policy on potato production. This study employs Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) to analyse the cross-section data collected from six regencies in Indonesia. Potato production in Indonesia was profitable privately and socially. The highest value of competitive advantage was indicated by PCR value in the dry season in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province. The lowest values were found in Bandung Regency. Highest comparative advantage was revealed in Tanah Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, during the rainy season. Highest comparative advantage was found in Bandung Regency, West Java Province, in the dry season. However, the social profit was lower than the private profit indicating the potato farmers dealt with disincentives due to imperfect market. It implies that increasing domestic potato production will be more profitable rather than import. The policy makers need to evaluate the recent policies on input and output markets as well as the supply chain of potato to cope with imperfect markets in order to increase farmers’ income.
Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulins in a series of convalescent plasma and blood donors
Authors: Martin M. Carmen , Jimenez Ana , Ortega Nuria , Parrado Alba , Page Isabel , Gonzalez M. Isabel , Blanco-Peris Lydia
Published: February 2022

Background

The vast majority of COVID-19 cases both symptomatic and asymptomatic develop immunity after COVID-19 contagion. Whether lasting differences exist between infection and vaccination boosted immunity is yet to be known. The aim of this study was to determine how long total anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies due to past infection persist in peripheral blood and whether sex, age or haematological features can influence their lasting.

Material and methods

A series of 2421 donations either of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma or whole blood from 1107 repeat donors from January 2020 to March 2021 was analysed. An automated chemiluminescence immunoassay for total antibodies recognizing the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in human serum and plasma was performed. Sex, age, blood group, blood cell counts and percentages and immunoglobulin concentrations were extracted from electronic recordings. Blood donation is allowed after a minimum of one-month post symptom’s relapse. Donors were 69.7% males and their average age was 46. The 250 donors who had later donations after a positive one underwent further analysis. Both qualitative (positivity) and quantitative (rise or decline of optical density regarding consecutive donations) outcomes were evaluated.

Results and discussion

In 97.6% of donors with follow-up, anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein N total antibodies remained positive at the end of a follow-up period of 12.4 weeks median time (1–46, SD = 9.65) after the first positive determination. The blood group was not related to antibody waning. Lower lymphocyte counts and higher neutrophils would help predict future waning or decay of antibodies. Most recovered donors maintain their total anti-SARS-CoV-2 N protein antibodies for at least 16 weeks (at least one month must have been awaited from infection resolution to blood donation). The 10 individuals that could be followed up longer than 40 weeks (approximately 44 weeks after symptom’s relapse) were all still positive.
Age structure in SIRD models for the COVID-19 pandemic—A case study on Italy data and effects on mortality
Authors: Calafiore Giuseppe Carlo , Fracastoro Giulia
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is bringing disruptive effects on the healthcare systems, economy and social life of countries all over the world. Even though the elder portion of the population is the most severely affected by the COVID-19 disease, the counter-measures introduced so far by governments took into little account the age structure, with restrictions that act uniformly on the population irrespectively of age. In this paper, we introduce a SIRD model with age classes for studying the impact on the epidemic evolution of lockdown policies applied heterogeneously on the different age groups of the population. The proposed model is then applied to age-stratified COVID-19 Italian data. The simulation results suggest that control measures focused to specific age groups may bring benefits in terms of reduction of the overall mortality rate.
Deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus modulates cortical auditory processing in advanced Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Valkonen Kati , Mäkelä Jyrki P. , Airaksinen Katja , Nurminen Jussi , Kivisaari Riku , Renvall Hanna , Pekkonen Eero
Published: February 2022

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven its clinical efficacy in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its exact mechanisms and cortical effects continue to be unclear. Subthalamic (STN) DBS acutely modifies auditory evoked responses, but its long-term effect on auditory cortical processing remains ambiguous. We studied with magnetoencephalography the effect of long-term STN DBS on auditory processing in patients with advanced PD. DBS resulted in significantly increased contra-ipsilateral auditory response latency difference at ~100 ms after stimulus onset compared with preoperative state. The effect is likely due to normalization of neuronal asynchrony in the auditory pathways. The present results indicate that STN DBS in advanced PD patients has long-lasting effects on cortical areas outside those confined to motor processing. Whole-head magnetoencephalography provides a feasible tool to study motor and non-motor neural networks in PD, and to track possible changes related to cortical reorganization or plasticity induced by DBS.
Leukocyte telomere length as a compensatory mechanism in vitamin D metabolism
Authors: Agirbasli Deniz , Kalyoncu Minenur , Muftuoglu Meltem , Aksungar Fehime Benli , Agirbasli Mehmet
Published: February 2022

Vitamin D deficiency is common among postmenopausal women. Telomere length can be a potential protective mechanism for age-related diseases. The objective of our study is to examine the association of vitamin D supplementation on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in healthy postmenopausal women with vitamin D deficiency. The study was designed as a placebo-controlled study to investigate the short-term effects of vitamin D supplementation and seasonal changes on vitamin D related parameters, including 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D parathormone (PTH), Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and telomere length in a cohort of postmenopausal women (n = 102). The group was divided as supplementation (n = 52) and placebo groups (n = 50). All parameters were measured before and after treatment. Serum VDBP levels were measured by ELISA method and VDR, GC (VDBP) gene expressions and relative telomere lengths were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using a quantitative real-time PCR method. The results demonstrate that baseline levels were similar between the groups. After vitamin D supplementation 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, PTH and VDBP levels were changed significantly compared to the placebo group. At the end of the study period, LTL levels were significantly increased in both groups and this change was more prominent in placebo group. The change in GC expression was significant between treatment and placebo groups but VDR expression remained unchanged. Even though the study was designed to solely assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation, LTL was significantly increased in the whole study group in summer months suggesting that LTL levels are affected by sun exposure and seasonal changes rather than supplementation. The study displayed the short-term effect of Vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D, PTH levels, LTL and vitamin D associated gene expressions. The relation between Vitamin D and LTL is not linear and could be confounded by several factors such as the population differences, regional and seasonal changes in sun exposure.
Vaccinia virus D10 has broad decapping activity that is regulated by mRNA splicing
Authors: Ly Michael , Burgess Hannah M. , Shah Sahil B. , Mohr Ian , Glaunsinger Britt A.
Published: February 2022

The mRNA 5’ cap structure serves both to protect transcripts from degradation and promote their translation. Cap removal is thus an integral component of mRNA turnover that is carried out by cellular decapping enzymes, whose activity is tightly regulated and coupled to other stages of the mRNA decay pathway. The poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes its own decapping enzymes, D9 and D10, that act on cellular and viral mRNA, but may be regulated differently than their cellular counterparts. Here, we evaluated the targeting potential of these viral enzymes using RNA sequencing from cells infected with wild-type and decapping mutant versions of VACV as well as in uninfected cells expressing D10. We found that D9 and D10 target an overlapping subset of viral transcripts but that D10 plays a dominant role in depleting the vast majority of human transcripts, although not in an indiscriminate manner. Unexpectedly, the splicing architecture of a gene influences how robustly its corresponding transcript is targeted by D10, as transcripts derived from intronless genes are less susceptible to enzymatic decapping by D10. As all VACV genes are intronless, preferential decapping of transcripts from intron-containing genes provides an unanticipated mechanism for the virus to disproportionately deplete host transcripts and remodel the infected cell transcriptome.
Natural killer cells kill extracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa using contact-dependent release of granzymes B and H
Authors: Feehan David D. , Jamil Khusraw , Polyak Maria J. , Ogbomo Henry , Hasell Mark , LI Shu Shun , Xiang Richard F. , Parkins Michael , Trapani Joseph A. , Harrison Joe J. , Mody Christopher H.
Published: February 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that often infects individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis, and contributes to airway blockage and loss of lung function. Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic, granular lymphocytes that are part of the innate immune system. NK cell secretory granules contain the cytolytic proteins granulysin, perforin and granzymes. In addition to their cytotoxic effects on cancer and virally infected cells, NK cells have been shown to play a role in an innate defense against microbes, including bacteria. However, it is not known if NK cells kill extracellular P. aeruginosa or how bacterial killing might occur at the molecular level. Here we show that NK cells directly kill extracellular P. aeruginosa using NK effector molecules. Live cell imaging of a co-culture of YT cells, a human NK cell line, and GFP-expressing P. aeruginosa in the presence of the viability dye propidium iodide demonstrated that YT cell killing of P. aeruginosa is contact-dependent. CRISPR knockout of granulysin or perforin in YT cells had no significant effect on YT cell killing of P. aeruginosa. Pre-treatment of YT and NK cells with the serine protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) to inhibit all granzymes, resulted in an inhibition of killing. Although singular CRISPR knockout of granzyme B or H had no effect, knockout of both in YT cells completely abrogated killing of P. aeruginosa in comparison to wild type YT cell controls. Nitrocefin assays suggest that the bacterial membrane is damaged. Inhibition of killing by antioxidants suggest that ROS are required for the bactericidal mode-of-action. Taken together, these results identify that NK cells kill P. aeruginosa through a membrane damaging, contact-dependent process that requires granzyme induced ROS production, and moreover, that granzyme B and H are redundant in this killing process.
Systematic identification of genes encoding cell surface and secreted proteins that are essential for in vitro growth and infection in Leishmania donovani
Authors: Roberts Adam J. , Ong Han B. , Clare Simon , Brandt Cordelia , Harcourt Katherine , Franssen Susanne U. , Cotton James A. , Müller-Sienerth Nicole , Wright Gavin J.
Published: February 2022

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genusLeishmaniafor which there are no approved human vaccines. Infections localise to different tissues in a species-specific manner with the visceral form of the disease caused byLeishmania donovaniandL.infantumbeing the most deadly in humans. AlthoughLeishmaniaspp. parasites are predominantly intracellular, the visceral disease can be prevented in dogs by vaccinating with a complex mixture of secreted products from cultures ofL.infantumpromastigotes. With the logic that extracellular parasite proteins make good subunit vaccine candidates because they are directly accessible to vaccine-elicited host antibodies, here we attempt to discover proteins that are essential forin vitrogrowth and host infection with the goal of identifying subunit vaccine candidates. Using anin silicoanalysis of theLeishmania donovanigenome, we identified 92 genes encoding proteins that are predicted to be secreted or externally anchored to the parasite membrane by a single transmembrane region or a GPI anchor. By selecting a transgenicL.donovaniparasite that expresses both luciferase and the Cas9 nuclease, we systematically attempted to target all 92 genes by CRISPR genome editing and identified four that were required forin vitrogrowth. For fifty-five genes, we infected cohorts of mice with each mutant parasite and by longitudinally quantifying parasitaemia with bioluminescent imaging, showed that nine genes had evidence of an attenuated infection although all ultimately established an infection. Finally, we expressed two genes as full-length soluble recombinant proteins and tested them as subunit vaccine candidates in a murine preclinical infection model. Both proteins elicited significant levels of protection against the uncontrolled development of a splenic infection warranting further investigation as subunit vaccine candidates against this deadly infectious tropical disease.
LABOR POTENTIAL OF THE RURAL POPULATION OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION: STATUS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Kapelyuk Z. A. , Frolov D. V.
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of the study of labor potential on the example of the rural population of municipal districts of the Novosibirsk region. During the research, the databases of the state Statistics Service and the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Novosibirsk Region for the period from 2015 to 2021 were used.

In connection with this goal, the article examines the structure of the population of the region with the allocation by urban and rural settlements; by age variables (by the number of years and in relation to the period of working capacity); indicators by municipal districts. The data on migration of the rural population are compared.

To characterize the quality of labor potential, an assessment of the performance indicators of municipal districts, depending on the number of permanent population of the districts, was carried out. The degree of use of human capital studied based on the analysis of the average number of employees of economic entities by type of activity. To assess study the potential of labor resources, the unemployment rate for municipal districts is considered.
SYSTEMATIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CONTENT OF THE CONCEPT OF "INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SUPPORTING BUSINESS STRUCTURES" IN THE CONTEXT OF REFORMING OF DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Chernavskih E. N.
Published: February 2022

The systemic limitation of the further development of Russian entrepreneurship is its infrastructure support. Insufficient development of the support infrastructure remains an urgent scientific and practical problem in the context of the announced transformation of business development institutions. The purpose of the article is to identify and systematize theoretical approaches to the content of the concept “support infrastructure of business structures’ for their comprehensive consideration in the subsequent assessment of the adaptation capabilities of infrastructure to the new conditions of economic policy. The author’s analysis of the research has shown that over the past decades there has been a set of terms that define the concept of “support infrastructure of business structures’ with varying accuracy. Thanks to the application of content analysis, it is established that the category of “support infrastructure of business structures’ is formulated within the framework of functional, object and

territorial approaches. For the first time, the components of this concept, identified in this way, as well as the classification of its elements. This can become the basis for a theoretical systematization and a comprehensive assessment of the adaptive capabilities of the infrastructure in transforming conditions.
Cognionics HD-72 Wireless EEG System: A Noninvasive Method of Measuring the Brain’s Electric Fields in Cognitive Neuroscientific Research
Authors: Perera-W.A. Hiran
Published: February 2022

The primary goal in cognitive neuroscientific research is to investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that inaugurate various behaviors and executive functions. A multitude of methodologies exists today that can be used to measure cortical electrical activities. Electroencephalography (EEG) has now been established as an essential noninvasive measure for investigating cortical electric fields. The use of Cognionics dry-mobile wireless EEG system has become widely popular in cognitive neuroscientific research due to its portability, ease of setting-up, and easy access to the raw data for further processing. This paper presents a brief guideline for exploiting Cognionics HD-72 wireless EEG systems in psychological research without incurring a performance penalty during data collection. A careful investigation of the components in the EEG system will allow researchers to utilize the system effectively when conducting EEG research.
Very Late Aortic Endograft Infection With Listeria monocytogenes in an Elderly Man
Authors: Miranda Jorge A. , Khouqeer Ahmed , Livesay James J. , Montero-Baker Miguel
Published: February 2022

Endograft infection with Listeria monocytogenes is a rare, potentially devastating complication of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. To our knowledge, only 8 cases have been reported. We describe the case of a 72-year-old man who presented with L. monocytogenes endograft infection and a 19-cm degenerative aneurysm 9 years after having undergone endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The infection was successfully treated with open surgical excision of the infected aortoiliac endograft and its replacement with a rifampin-soaked, bifurcated Dacron graft.
MEMPERKUAT PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA SEBAGAI AKTUALISASI OTONOMI DESA MELALUI DEREGULASI KELEMBAGAAN YANG MENGURUS DESA
Authors: Retnowati Endang , Kusumaputra Ardhiwinda , Hastuti Noor Tri
Published: February 2022

Desa merupakan bagian tidak terpisahkan dari Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, memberikan arah pengaturan penguatan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa. Namun, terdapat beberapa aturan turunan yang justru menghambat aktualisasi pemberdayaan masyarakat. Menimbulkan aturan yang saling tumpang tindih, sehingga berdampak pada lambatnya pemberdayaan masyarakat. Terdapat dua rumusan masalah yang diangkat. Pertama, mengapa diperlukan upaya untuk melakukan peningkatan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa? Kedua, bagaimana upaya hukum dalam mengoptimalkan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa? Pemberdayaan masyarakat desa merupakan upaya untuk membangun desa agar lebih berkembang dan berkualitas. Saat ini, upaya pemberdayaan tersebut juga terhambat oleh regulasi yang justru menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, khususnya pada tingkatan Peraturan Menteri. Oleh karena itu, deregulasi menjadi upaya terpadu agar tercipta kepastian hukum yang mampu meningkatkan pemberdayaan masyarakat desa.
„Narodowość” poetyki – dylematy typologiczne
Authors: Balcerzan Edward
Published: February 2022

Poetyka rozumiana  jako leksykon zdefiniowanych – ilustrowanych wybranymi przykładami - terminów, opisujących literackie kompozycje,  ich składniki lub   stosunki  między elementami utworu, składa się z pojęć o zasięgu uniwersalnym lub lokalnym, przy czym może to być zarówno lokalność rodzima, jak i obca.  Postrzeganie genezy terminów zmienia się w czasie historycznoliterackim. Podobnie dynamiczny charakter ma „narodowość” i/lub „transnarodowość”, pojmowane jako nacechowanie poetyki dzieła lub zbioru dzieł,  objawiające się  w trzech nie do końca tożsamych i  nie do końca odmiennych porządkach: językowym, kulturowym i etnicznym.  Owe porządki nie tylko wzajem się przenikają, wspierają,  ale i  wchodzą w konflikt.
Geokultura(?)
Authors: Rosiński Cezary
Published: February 2022

Recenzja śledzi najnowsze losy terminu geopoetyka. Celem artykułu jest usytuowanie koncepcji badawczej Elżbiety Rybickiej na tle dotychczasowych badań zajmujących się przestrzenią. Wykorzystując zaproponowane przez badaczkę odsłony geopoetyki, teoria zostaje rozbita na aspekt poetologiczny, geograficzny, antropologiczny oraz performatywny. Geopoetyka zostaje zestawiona z rozważaniami przestrzennymi Petera Sloterdijka (przestrzeń rozrastająca się) i „kulturą obecności” Hansa Ulricha Gumbrechta, co pozwala rozszerzyć rozważania przestrzenne o ujęcie humanistyki nieantropocentrycznej.
“They Are Such an Asshole”: Describing the Targets of a Common Insult Among English-Speakers in the United States
Authors: Sharpe Brinkley M. , Hyatt Courtland S. , Lynam Donald R. , Miller Joshua D.
Published: February 2022

Insults convey information about the speaker’s perception of the target’s personality. Previous research has found that several commonly used insults (“asshole,” “dick,” “bitch”) are uniformly associated with self- and other-reported antagonism (or low Agreeableness). We aimed to replicate and extend these findings by focusing on “asshole,” a common insult used to refer to both men and women. In the present study, participants (n = 397) described the “biggest assholes” in their lives using a measure of the Five-Factor Model of personality. “Assholes” described by participants were typically middle-aged, predominantly male, and included romantic partners, coworkers, bosses, family members, and friends. Results showed that “assholes” were perceived to be characterized by interpersonally relevant traits (i.e., low Agreeableness, high Anger). The consensus Five-Factor Model profile for target “assholes” was similar to expert profiles of psychopathic, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders. Exploratory analyses conducted on open-ended descriptions of nominated bothersome “asshole-related” behaviors revealed common themes including manipulation, aggression, irresponsibility, and entitlement.
PENTINGNYA SIKAP TOLERANSI DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Hasana Frila Damayanti , . Supriyono , Nugraha Dadi Mulyadi
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine how tolerant society is due to a new virus that changes our lives. With this virus, people cannot carry out their social functions properly. The method used in this article is a qualitative research method. The data collection technique used was through the distribution of questionnaires.The distribution of questionnaires was given to the general public as many as 52 people. The results of this study indicate that 1) tolerance is an attitude of respect for one another even though everyone in the world has differences, be it ethnicity, race, or whatever. 2) With an attitude of tolerance that we apply in everyday life, people can have more respect for differences in their social environment and tolerance can prevent divisions in society. 3) Virus corona can make people stop carrying out their functions in social life. This can affect the tolerance and solidarity that exists in society. 4) The tolerance that existed in society during a pandemic was quite high.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sikap toleransi masyarakat akibat adanya virus baru yang membuat kehidupan kita berubah. Dengan adanya virus ini, masyarakat tidak bisa menjalankan fungsi sosialnya dengan baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah melalui pembagian kuisioner. Pembagian kuisioner diberikan kepada masyarakat umum sebanyak 52 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 1) toleransi adalah sikap menghargai satu sama lain walaupun setiap orang di dunia memiliki perbedaan baik itu suku, ras, atau apapun.2) dengan adanya sikap toleransi yang kita terapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, masyarakat bisa lebih menghargai terhadap perbedaan yang ada di lingkungan sosialnya dan juga sikap toleransi dapat mencegah terjadinya perpecahan di masyarakat. 3) Adanya virus corona dapat membuat masyarakat berhenti menjalankan fungsinya dalam kehidupan sosial. Hal ini dapat berpengaruh kepada sikap toleransi dan solidaritas yang ada di masyarakat. 4) sikap toleransi yang ada di masyarakat pada masa pandemi cukup tinggi.
UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN GERAKAN INDONESIA BERSATU SEBAGAI BENTUK GERAKAN REVOLUSI MENTAL DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Simatupang Diorima , Kotrunida Syelpia , Yuliana Noviyanti , Arinata Firdian Setiya , Khoerunnisa Siti
Published: February 2022

Tolerance is one of the goals of the National Mental Revolution Movement, especially the United Indonesia Movement. The diversity of Indonesian people's backgrounds and the problems that often arise due to this diversity make the Indonesian government very serious in creating Indonesian people who are able to accept and respect this diversity and increase the character of tolerance among Indonesian people. The implementation of the United Indonesia Movement is also the responsibility of all levels of Indonesian society, especially educational institutions, in this case education is expected to be able to create generations of people who are able to live and respect all the diversity that exists. Social studies education is one of the efforts or forums that can facilitate the implementation of the United Indonesia Movement and create a tolerant society. . The plurality of materials contained in the content of social studies subject matter is one of the tangible forms used by educational institutions to implement and implement the United Indonesia Movement in the scope of education.
Oocyte metabolic function, lipid composition, and developmental potential are altered by diet in older mares
Authors: Catandi Giovana D , LiPuma Lance , Obeidat Yusra M , Maclellan Lisa J , Broeckling Corey D , Chen Tom , Chicco Adam J , Carnevale Elaine M
Published: February 2022

Dietary supplementation is the most feasible method to improve oocyte function and developmental potential in vivo. During three experiments, oocytes were collected from maturing, dominant follicles of older mares to determine whether short-term dietary supplements can alter oocyte metabolic function, lipid composition, and developmental potential. Over approximately 8 weeks, control mares were fed hay (CON) or hay and grain products (COB). Treated mares received supplements designed for equine wellness and gastrointestinal health, flaxseed oil, and a proprietary blend of fatty acid and antioxidant support (reproductive support supplement (RSS)) intended to increase antioxidant activity and lipid oxidation. RSS was modified for individual experiments with additional antioxidants or altered concentrations of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids. Oocytes from mares supplemented with RSS when compared to COB had higher basal oxygen consumption, indicative of higher aerobic metabolism, and proportionately more aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. In the second experiment, oocytes collected from the same mares prior to (CON) and after approximately 8 weeks of RSS supplementation had significantly reduced oocyte lipid abundance. In the final experiment, COB was compared to RSS supplementation, including RSS modified to proportionately reduce n-3 fatty acids and increase n-6 fatty acids. The ability of sperm-injected oocytes to develop into blastocysts was higher for RSS, regardless of fatty acid content, than for COB. We demonstrated that short-term diet supplementation can directly affect oocyte function in older mares, resulting in oocytes with increased metabolic activity, reduced lipid content, and increased developmental potential.
Thermal-alkali and enzymes for efficient biomethane production from co-digestion of corn straw and cattle manure
Authors: Yuan Ye , Bian Aiqin , Zhang Lulu , Chen Zhengliang , Zhou Fei , Ye Fan , Jin Tianlu , Pan Mei , Chen Tianming , Yan Jinlong , Wang Aijie , Li Zhaoxia , Ding Cheng
Published: February 2022

This research evaluated a sequential process of thermal-alkali pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and anaerobic co-digestion applied on a mixture of corn straw (CS) and cattle manure (CM). The results showed that the optimal conditions of thermo-alkaline pretreatment were a Ca(OH)2 dosage of 1.5% and temperature of 120 °C. The optimal conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis in terms of cellulase loading, operational time, and protease loading were determined. Co-digestion with enzymes and thermal-alkali pretreatment achieved the highest methane yield of 0.41 m3 kg-1-VS from the liquid of hydrolysates. An maximum applicable organic loading rate (OLR) of 13.7 kg-SCOD m-3 d-1 was found with a soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal of 96.4% in an expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor. The optimization of conditions could lead to the industrial-scale treatment of organic solids with a high energy yield and efficiency.
PENENTUAN BATAS DETEKSI METODE, LIMIT DETEKSI, DAN LIMIT KUANTISASI PENGUJIAN KESADAHAN SECARA TITRIMETRI MENGGUNAKAN ALAT TITRASI KONVENSIONAL
Authors: Utami Deny Puji , Wardhani Dina Sri , H. Inna Nurbayanti
Published: February 2022

Batas deteksi metode (MDL) adalah kadar analit yang ditentukan sesuai tahapan metode pengujian secara menyeluruh sehingga menghasilkan sinyal dengan probabilitas 99% di mana sinyal tersebut berbeda dengan blanko, sedangkan limit deteksi (LoD) merupakan konsentrasi atau jumlah terkecil atau terendah dari analit dalam sampel yang dapat terdeteksi, tetapi tidak perlu terkuantisasi dan merupakan parameter uji batas terkecil yang dimiliki oleh suatu alat/instrumen. Limit kuantisasi (LoQ) adalah konsentrasi atau jumlah terendah dari analit yang masih dapat ditentukan dan memenuhi kriteria akurasi dan presisi. Limit kuantisasi yang biasa disebut limit pelaporan. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran diketahui bahwa nilai MDL, LoD, dan LoQ dari pengukuran kesadahan dengan metode titrimetri dengan alat titrasi konvensional adalah sebesar 4,63; 2,10; dan 5,92 mg/L. Hasil ini sesuai dengan SNI 06-6989.12-2004 yang menyatakan konsentrasi terendah yang dapat diukur adalah 5 mg/L.
TATA CARA PENYIAPAN SAMPEL UJI BANDING ANTAR LABORATORIUM DI LABORATORIUM PENGUJI KIMIA AIR BALAI BESAR RISET BUDIDAYA LAUT DAN PENYULUHAN PERIKANAN (BBRBLPP)
Authors: Ariani Ni Kadek , Utami Deny Puji , Kenak Ni Putu Ayu
Published: February 2022

Uji banding antar laboratorium adalah pengelolaan, unjuk kerja, dan evaluasi pengujian atas bahan yang sama atau serupa oleh dua atau lebih laboratorium yang berbeda sesuai dengan persyaratan yang ditetapkan terlebih dahulu. Tujuan uji banding ini adalah untuk mengetahui performa dari Laboratorium Penguji Kimia Air Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan (BBRBLPP) dan memberikan jaminan mutu terhadap hasil pengujian, bahwa hasil pengujian telah sesuai dengan tujuan pengujian. Sampel uji banding dibuat di laboratorium penguji kimia air di BBRBLPP dari standard reference material (SRM) masing-masing parameter dengan konsentrasi tertentu. Untuk matriks air laut, SRM dilarutkan dalam air laut buatan, sedangkan untuk air tawar SRM dilarutkan dalam akuades. Sampel uji banding dibuat homogen dan diuji homogenitasnya dengan cara membagi sampel menjadi e” 10 botol, kemudian diambil secara acak 10 botol sampel. Sepuluh sampel terpilih diukur kadar amoniak (N-NH3), nitrit (N-NO2), fosfat (PO4-P), dan pH sebanyak dua kali ulangan. Data hasil pengujian tersebut diuji homogenitasnya. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dan uji homogenitas diketahui bahwa sampel dengan kode A dan B bersifat homogen untuk semua parameter, sementara untuk sampel C dan D untuk parameter pH tidak homogen, sehingga perlu dihomogenkan ulang.
TOLERANSI IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio) HIBRIDA PADA LINGKUNGAN pH BERBEDA
Authors: Dharmawantho Listio , Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: February 2022

Ikan mas hibrida antara strain Majalaya (M) dengan Sutisna (S) mempunyai performa pertumbuhan cepat pada sistem budidaya di kolam percobaan, Sukamandi. Namun demikian, performa ikan mas dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan budidaya yang berbeda-beda. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi toleransi ikan mas hibrida pada perairan dengan pH berbeda. Bahan utama pengujian adalah benih ikan mas hibrida M><S dengan bobot rata-rata 10,50 ± 2,54 g/ekor. Evaluasi toleransi benih ikan mas hibrida terhadap pH dilakukan melalui perendaman dalam air dengan pH 3 (asam) dan pH 12 (basa), dengan tiga kali ulangan. Sebagai pembanding digunakan ikan mas Marwana (Mas Ras Wanayasa) dengan ukuran setara dengan ikan uji. Wadah pengujian menggunakan toples berukuran 10 liter yang dilengkapi dengan aerasi. Hasil pengujian pada pH asam menunjukkan bahwa ikan mas hibrida mempunyai toleransi relatif lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ikan mas Marwana. Pada kondisi media pH asam, ikan mas hibrida mengalami mortalitas 50% (LT50) rata-rata pada menit ke-35 sampai menit ke-38, berbeda nyata dengan ikan mas Marwana, rata-rata pada menit ke-19 sampai menit ke-21. Pada pH basa, ikan mas hibrida mengalami mortalitas 50% rata-rata pada menit ke-7 sampai menit ke-11 berbeda nyata dengan ikan mas Marwana rata-rata pada menit ke-3 sampai menit ke-6.
UJI HOMOGENITAS TEPUNG IKAN PADA SAMPEL UJI BANDING ANTAR LABORATORIUM DI BALAI BESAR RISET BUDIDAYA LAUT DAN PENYULUHAN PERIKANAN
Authors: Suciati Suciati , Utami Deny Puji , Arsini Ni Putu Ari
Published: February 2022

Kompetensi laboratorium dapat dibuktikan dengan penerapan pengendalian mutu internal yang baik dan benar, serta implementasi jaminan mutu di antaranya dengan keikutsertaan dalam program uji profisiensi atau uji banding antar laboratorium. Uji banding antar laboratorium dilakukan dengan suatu bahan uji yang serupa dan homogen. Sebelum sampel dikirim ke masing-masing peserta uji banding, perlu dilakukan uji homogenitas untuk mengetahui sampel uji banding telah benar-benar homogen. Tujuan dari uji homogenitas tidak lain adalah untuk mengetahui sampel uji banding tepung ikan bersifat homogen atau tidak. Sampel yang diuji homogenitasnya terdiri atas 12 sampel tepung ikan. Hasil uji homogenitas pengukuran kadar abu dan protein menunjukkan hasil yang bersifat homogen berdasarkan kriteria-2 dengan nilai standar deviasi sampling <0,5 SDp (Horwitz) (untuk kadar abu 0,07<0,17 dan protein sebesar 0,28<0,65). Hasil uji homogenitas pengukuran kadar air dan lemak dinyatakan homogen berdasarkan kriteria-1, dengan nilai F hitung (berturut-turut untuk kadar air dan lemak sebesar 0,61 dan 1,90) lebih kecil daripada F tabel (2,72). Berdasarkan hal tersebut sampel uji banding siap untuk dikirim ke masing-masing perserta uji banding.
IDENTIFIKASI PARASIT Benedenia sp. PADA IKAN KERAPU HIBRID CANTIK YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN DI KARAMBA JARING APUNG
Authors: Haryanto Slamet , Ansari Mohamad
Published: February 2022

Budidaya ikan laut di karamba jaring apung (KJA) di Bali Utara saat ini telah berkembang dengan pesat. Akhir-akhir ini, benih ikan kerapu hibrid cantik yang dibudidayakan di KJA Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan (BBRBLPP) Gondol, Bali sering terserang penyakit dengan gejala klinis antara lain menurunnya nafsu makan, berenang lemah, dan pada tingkat parah timbul luka pada kulit dan terjadi infeksi sekunder oleh bakteri. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis parasit yang menginfeksi benih kerapu hibrid cantik tersebut. Sampel ikan kerapu cantik sakit ukuran 200 g diamati lendir tubuh dan insangnya secara mikroskopis. Selain itu, dilakukan juga perendaman ikan sampel dalam air tawar. Hasil pengamatan secara morfologi menunjukkan bahwa parasit yang banyak menginfeksi kerapu cantik adalah Benedenia sp. Perendaman ikan selama lima menit dalam air tawar adalah cara yang sangat mudah untuk mengetahui adanya infeksi, karena parasit akan segera berubah warna menjadi putih dan terlepas. Selain itu, perendaman dalam H2O2 150 mg/L selama 30 menit juga efektif melepaskan parasit ini.
PENGARUH PADAT TEBAR BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN TORSORO (Tor soro)
Authors: Priadi Bambang , Irawan Deni
Published: February 2022

Peningkatan padat tebar merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produksi pada budidaya ikan torsoro (Tor soro). Kegiatan ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh padat tebar berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan ikan torsoro. Kegiatan dilakukan di laboratorium basah Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar dan Penyuluhan Perikanan, Bogor. Perlakuan padat tebar yang dilakukan adalah 1,0 ekor/L; 1,5 ekor/L; 2,0 ekor/L; 2,5 ekor/L; dan 3,0 ekor/L. Pelaksanaan kegiatan selama 80 hari dilakukan dengan tiga kali ulangan, menggunakan wadah akuarium dengan sistem resirkulasi. Pakan buatan yang diberikan berbentuk tepung (powder) dengan kadar protein 40%, dengan frekuensi pemberian tiga kali sehari. Pada akhir kegiatan, semua benih dipanen dilakukan sampling terhadap panjang dan bobot masing-masing perlakuan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa padat tebar berbeda berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan torsoro. Pertumbuhan panjang terbaik dihasilkan dari pemeliharaan ikan dengan padat tebar sebanyak 1,5 ekor/L, dengan nilai panjang akhir 4,84 ± 0,50 cm; pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 2,85 ± 0,50 cm; dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik panjang 1,10 ± 0,13%/hari. Pada pertumbuhan bobot, nilai tertinggi juga diperoleh pada perlakuan padat tebar 1,5 ekor/L dengan nilai bobot akhir 1,50 ± 0,47 g; pertumbuhan bobot mutlak 1,42 ± 0,45 g; dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik bobot sebesar 3,64 ± 0,40%/hari.