bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Anonymity in Emergency Medicine Morbidity and Mortality Conferences: Findings from a National Survey of Resident Physicians
Authors: Aaronson Emily , Wittels Kathleen , Dwyer Richard , Nadel Eric , Gallahue Fiona , Baker Olesya , Fee Christopher , Tubbs Robert , Schuur Jeremiah
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Although the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education mandates structured case review and discussion as a part of residency training, there remains little guidance on how best to structure these conferences to cultivate a culture of safety, promote learning, and ensure that system-based improvements can be made. We hypothesized that anonymous case discussion was associated with a more effective, and less punitive, morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference. Secondarily, we were interested in determining whether this core structural element was correlated with the culture of safety at an institution.

Methods: We conducted a national survey at 33 emergency medicine residency programs evaluating residents’ perceptions of M&M and the culture of safety at their institutions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses. We summarized Likert scores using mean and 95% confidence intervals. We also performed content analysis of the free-text comments and report on the themes identified.

Results: There were 1248 residents at the 33 programs surveyed. Of the 1002 who replied (80.3% response rate), 231 respondents reported anonymous case presentations and 744 reported non-anonymous case presentations. Residents at programs with anonymous case presentations were more likely to report that M&M was non-punitive. There were no other significant differences between anonymous and non-anonymous case presentations on any of the culture of safety domains measured. When these comments were systematically analyzed and coded, we found that the comments related to anonymity were both positive and negative. Among the themes identified were anonymity’s impact on punitive response to error, the ability to learn from cases, and professional responsibility.

Conclusion: Anonymous M&Ms are associated with a perception of a less-punitive M&M and with better ratings in several conference-specific outcomes; however, there appears to be no association between the other Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality culture of safety scores and anonymity in M&M.
A Structured Curriculum for Interprofessional Training of Emergency Medicine Interns
Authors: Rider Ashley , Anaebere Tiffany , Nomura Mariko , Duong David , Wills Charlotte
Published: January 2020

Interprofessional education (IPE) has been shown to improve health outcomes and patient satisfaction. IPE is now represented in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education’s emergency medicine (EM) milestones given the team-based nature of EM. The Highland Allied Health Rotation Program (H-AHRP) was developed by residents to enhance and standardize IPE for EM residents in a single hospital setting. H-AHRP was incorporated into the orientation month for interns starting in the summer of 2016. EM interns were paired with emergency department preceptors in registered nursing (RN), respiratory therapy (RT), pharmacy (PH), laboratory (LAB), and social work (SW) in either a four-hour shadowing experience (RN, RT, PH) or lecture-based overview (LAB, SW). We conducted a survey before and after the program. Overall, the EM interns reported an improved understanding of the scope of practice and day-to-day logistics after working with the preceptors. They found the program helpful to their future as physicians and would recommend it to other residencies. The H-AHRP program allows for the early incorporation of IPE into EM training, enhances interns’ understanding of both the scope and logistics of their colleagues, and is a well-received effort at improving team-based care.
Professionalism Milestones Assessments Used by Emergency Medicine Residency Programs: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Stehman Christine , Hochman Steven , Fernández-Frackelton Madonna , Volz Emilio , Domingues Rui , Love Jeffrey , Soares William
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Professionalism is a vital component of quality patient care. While competency in professionalism is Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-mandated, the methods used to evaluate professionalism are not standardized, calling into question the validity of reported measurements. We aimed to determine the type and frequency of methods used by United States (US) -based emergency medicine (EM) residencies to assess accountability (Acc) and professional values (PV), as well as how often graduating residents achieve competency in these areas.

Methods: We created a cross-sectional survey exploring assessment and perceived competency in Acc and PV, and then modified the survey for content and clarity through feedback from emergency physicians not involved in the study. The final survey was sent to the clinical competency committee (CCC) chair or program director (PD) of the 185 US-based ACGME-accredited EM residencies. We summarized results using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact testing.

Results: A total of 121 programs (65.4%) completed the survey. The most frequently used methods of assessment were faculty shift evaluation (89.7%), CCC opinion (86.8%), and faculty summative evaluation (76.4%). Overall, 37% and 42% of residency programs stated that nearly all (greater than 95%) of their graduating residents achieve mastery of Acc and PV non-technical skills, respectively. Only 11.2% of respondents felt their programs were very effective at determining mastery of non-technical skills.

Conclusion: EM residency programs relied heavily on faculty shift evaluations and summative opinions to determine resident competency in professionalism, with feedback from peers, administrators, and other staff less frequently incorporated. Few residency programs felt their current methods of evaluating professionalism were very effective.
Targeting Implicit Bias in Medicine: Lessons from Art and Archaeology
Authors: Zeidan Amy , Tiballi Anne , Woodward Melanie , Di Bartolo Isha
Published: January 2020

Implicit bias training is not currently a required component of residency education, yet implicit bias in medicine exists and may influence care provided to patients. We propose an innovative exercise that allows trainees to explore implicit bias outside of the clinical environment, in an interdisciplinary manner with museum anthropologists and archaeologists. The curriculum was designed with leaders at the Penn Museum and focuses on differentiating between objective and subjective assessments of historical objects. The first part of the exercise consists of a pre-brief, to introduce trainees to bias through the lens of an anthropologist/archaeologist. The second part guides trainees through “deep description,” where they explore objective and subjective findings of three different objects. The exercise concludes with a debrief and application of concepts learned to everyday clinical practice. This innovation was successful at introducing trainees to implicit bias in a nontraditional environment, and participants reported an improved understanding of implicit bias. Residency programs could consider partnering with local museums to implement a similar exercise as a component of conference curriculum.
Q-LIBRAS: um jogo educacional para estimular alunos surdos à aprendizagem de Química
Authors: Rocha Kionnys Novaes , Almeida Nayron Morais , Soares Cecília Regina Galdino , Silva Luís Fernando Maia Santos
Published: January 2020

O ensino de Química, no contexto da surdez, apresenta metodologias, em sua grande maioria, exclusivamente pautadas no uso da Língua Portuguesa, sendo ínfimos os materiais e recursos didáticos que contemplam o conhecimento químico em LIBRAS. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivos proporcionar a aprendizagem de conteúdos químicos a alunos surdos, por meio do desenvolvimento de um jogo para celulares chamado Q-LIBRAS, bem como auxiliar a assimilação destes conteúdos de forma atrativa e interativa, tanto entre alunos surdos como ouvintes. Desta forma, este trabalho consiste em uma pesquisa aplicada, de natureza qualitativa. O jogo desenvolvido contempla 60 (sessenta) questões de Química. Em sua elaboração foi utilizada parte do código-fonte da Suíte VLibras, que consiste em um conjunto de ferramentas computacionais capazes de traduzir conteúdos digitais para LIBRAS. Posteriormente, será disponibilizado a escolas de ensino médio que tenham em seu corpo discente alunos surdos. Além disso, outras temáticas da Química poderão ser acrescentadas ao aplicativo, enriquecendo ainda mais o aprendizado dos alunos. Por fim, visando ainda a ampla difusão dos resultados e conhecimentos gerados por esta pesquisa, ressalta-se o intuito de disponibilizar o Q-LIBRAS por meio da Internet.
Avaliação Psicológica e Intervenção: um estudo de caso sobre altas habilidades/superdotação
Authors: Campos Carolina Rosa , Bassinello Priscila Zaia , Oliveira Karina Silva , Nakano Tatiana De Cássia
Published: January 2020

Considerando as dificuldades nos processos de identificação, bem como os desafios e problemas relacionados à inclusão de alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação, este estudo apresenta os resultados advindos de um caso de uma criança com características expressivas de superdotação (11 anos e 7 meses, sexo feminino, 5º ano), dando enfoque às questões emergentes de um processo avaliativo/interventivo. Buscou-se relacionar as informações obtidas no caso com as principais problemáticas da área de altas habilidades/superdotação no que tange os processos de intervenção para inclusão escolar. Dessa forma, a análise do caso permitiu verificar a importância do diagnóstico precoce, assim como o impacto das intervenções no desenvolvimento sadio da criança com altas habilidades/superdotação. Espera-se, com este trabalho, fornecer subsídios para o aprimoramento dos processos de avaliação e intervenção dessas crianças, assim como enfatizar a importância da condução destes processos o mais cedo possível na vida do indivíduo, visando garantir que as estratégias de interações positivas possam favorecer seu desenvolvimento integral.
El ideal militar hispánico: una propuesta sobre transferencias socioculturales y literarias de la Castilla medieval a la conquista española de América
Authors: MUÑOZ GÓMEZ Víctor
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se estudiarán las características del mando militar desempeñado por los reyes de Castilla durante la Baja Edad Media en relación con su ejercicio en las campañas contra los musulmanes especialmente entre el reinado de Alfonso XI y la conquista de Granada por los Reyes Católicos. Estas cualidades se hallaron fuertemente vinculadas a un discurso legitimador de la monarquía en torno a los principios de la “recuperación de España”, la Cruzada y la Caballería. A partir de su análisis en los textos cronísticos de los siglos XIV y XV, se propone la hipótesis de que ese modelo medieval de liderazgo militar monárquico, ligado al citado marco ideológico, pudo ser recogido en los relatos de las crónicas de Indias y, paralelamente, integrado por los capitanes de la conquista de América.

This paper aims to study the features of the military command that was exerted by the kings of Castile in Late Middle Ages with respect to its performance during the campaigns against the Muslims, particularly from the reign of king Alfonso XI to the conquest of Granada by the Catholic Kings. These military traits were strongly associated to the notions of ‘the recovery of Spain’ (restauratio Hispaniae, ‘Reconquista’), Crusade and Chivalry. From its analysis through 14th-15th centuries chronistical texts, we propose the hypothesis that this medieval model of monarchical military leadership, linked to the aforementioned ideological framework, could have been reflected in the narrative of the ‘Crónicas de Indias’ and concurrently assumed by the Spanish captains of the Conquest of America.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Scarlet Spiral Flag (Costus woodsonii) to Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Magtulis Roderic John R. , Itable, RN, MAN Emvie Loyd P.
Published: January 2020

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus is a leading illness to the society and despite of a lot of researches, not a single cure has been discovered. Most of the time, people focused on fighting diabetes and medicinal plants were utilized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Scarlet Spiral Flag (Costus woodsonii) and to be reviewed for preclinical trials.

Methods: 20 male Swiss mice were made diabetic by inducing Alloxan monohydrate. Then separated randomly into 4 groups with different treatments administered daily for 7 days; Control, Positive Control (600 µg/kg Glibenclamide), T1 (250mg/kg Scarlet Spiral Flag ethanolic extract) and T2 (500mg/kg Scarlet Spiral Flag ethanolic extract). Their blood sugar was monitored onset after 1st treatment (6th, 12th and 24th hours) and during the week within the 1st, 4th and 8th day.

Results: Both the onset and fasting blood sugar monitoring showed a significant decrease in the mean average blood glucose level of the mice.

Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Scarlet Spiral Flag (Costus woodsonii) has a potent antidiabetic effect in Alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Since it is under the same Genus of the Insulin plant, it has a common effect in terms of lowering the blood glucose level.

Keywords: Acclimatization, Alloxan, Costus woodsonii, Ethanolic Extract, Oral Gavage
The Implementation of Nursing Care for Schizophrenia Patients in Inpatient Units of A Psychiatric Hospital in Yogyakarta
Authors: Niryani Fathiyyah Intan , Wardaningsih Shanti
Published: January 2020

Objective: Schizophrenia is a combination of various clinical symptoms in which the patients suffer cognitive, emotional, perceptional, and behavioral disorders. Nursing care for patients with schizophrenia who are hospitalized is of importance in order to restore patient’s health into the highest possible level. This study aimed to explore the implementation of nursing care for schizophrenia patients in inpatient units of a psychiatric hospital in Yogyakarta.

Methods: This was a descriptive quantitative study. Data were collected by observing 78 medical records which were selected using total sampling method. We used checklist form to measure the implementation of nursing care process from assessment, diagnosis, plan, implementation, and evaluation. Data were analyzed using frequency test.

Results: Over half of the patients was diagnosed with undetailed schizophrenia (67.9%) with the length of hospitalization was more than 14 days (59%). The implementation of nursing care was good in general (76.9%). The implementation of nursing care was fair (48.7%) for assessment and intervention (94.9), and good for diagnosis (71.8%), care plan (98.7%), evaluation (100%), and documentation (100%).

Conclusion: The implementation of nursing assessment and intervention was lower compared to other parts of nursing process. Nurse managers need to encourage their nursing staffs to provide accurate and complete documentation of nursing care, particularly in the assessment and intervention parts.
Keywords: medical records, nursing care, schizophrenia
Relationships between Family Support of Type 2 Diabetics and the Utilization of Healthcare Facilities in Tebet
Authors: Ihsan Muhammad , Rahmadiyah Dwi Cahya
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study aimed to identify the characteristics of type 2 diabetes patients, family support, the utilization of healthcare facilities, and their interrelationships.

Methods: This was a quantitative study with cross sectional approach. As many as 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who visited Tebet Community Health Services were selected using consecutive sampling method. We collected data using the 29- items Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS) questionnaire to measure family support. We also developed a 10- items questionnaire to measure the utilization of healthcare facilities.

Results: Most patients received good family support (61%), good informational support (57%), and good rewarded support (55%). The utilization of health care facilities was good (56%). Results of our study showed a significant relationship between family support and the utilization of healthcare facilities (p= 0.0001). Patients with good family support were 348.3 times more likely to use healthcare facilities. There was a significant relationship between informational support and the utilization of healthcare facilities (p = 0.0001). Patients with good informational support were 5.8 times more likely to use healthcare facilities. Likewise, good rewarded support was significantly associated with good utilization of healthcare facilities (p= 0.0001). Patients with good rewarded support were 4.8 times more likely to use healthcare facilities.

Conclusion: The majority patients received good supports and utilized healthcare facilities. Healthcare professionals in the facilities need to involve family in health promotion and education related to patient care at home.

Key words: family support, type 2 diabetes, and utilization of healthcare
Career choices of underrepresented and female postdocs in the biomedical sciences
Authors: Lambert W Marcus , Wells Martin T , Cipriano Matthew F , Sneva Jacob N , Morris Juanita A , Golightly Linnie M
Published: January 2020

The lack of diversity among faculty at universities and medical schools in the United States is a matter of growing concern. However, the factors that influence the career choices of underrepresented minority and female postdoctoral researchers have received relatively little attention. Here we report the results of a survey of 1284 postdocs working in the biomedical sciences in the US. Our findings highlight possible reasons why some underrepresented minority and female postdocs choose not to pursue careers in academic research, and suggest interventions that could be taken in the early stages of postdoctoral training to prevent this attrition of underrepresented groups.
Temporal and spatial variability of terrestrial diatoms at the catchment scale: controls on communities
Authors: Foets Jasper , Wetzel Carlos E. , Teuling Adriaan J. , Pfister Laurent
Published: January 2020

Diatoms are generally regarded as inhabitants of water bodies. However, numerous taxa are able to survive and reproduce in a variety of non-aquatic ecosystems. Although terrestrial diatoms are discussed extensively in the literature, most of those studies covered floristic aspects and few information exists on their ecology. This lack of knowledge thwarts their potential use as environmental markers in various applications. As a way forward, we investigated the seasonal patterns and the role of different disturbances on the community composition. We collected soil diatom samples in 16 sites across the Attert River basin (Luxembourg) every 4 weeks for a period of 14 months. Our results indicate that forests create a stable microhabitat for diatoms and that temporal variation of the diatom communities is mainly controlled by farming practices rather than seasonal changes in environmental variables. We also found out that communities need one to 2 months to reestablish a new, stable community after a significant change in the environment. We were able to confirm the applicability of the Pollution-Sensitivity Index (IPS) to identify anthropic disturbances.
Economic Growth and Unemployment Issues in Ten (10) Selected West African Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Eshun Joseph
Published: January 2020

The economic growth of nations continue to be one of the main issues that economists have been interested in analyzing. In effect, several theories have emerged to explain the growth of nations including the Okun’s law which tests the relationship between economic growth and unemployment. Using the World Bank Dataset, the study tested the validity of Okun's Law in West Africa by employing fixed effect regressions to control for inconsistencies of the OLS estimates due to omitted variable bias. The random and time-fixed effect regressions confirm the validity of the Okun's Law in West Africa. The time-fixed effect regression shows that, economic growth will decline by 0.311 annually for every unit increase in the rate of unemployment. Time variant effects such as changes in policy provides a stronger case for the effect of unemployment rate volatility on the growth of these economies. It is therefore recommended that, various stakeholders adopt efficient fiscal and monetary policies aimed at lowering the rate of unemployment thereby expanding economic growth. One of such policies could be the reduction of the high corporate tax rates in the region that is bedeviling African countries by preventing industries and businesses from being built.
The use of 0.5rcav as an effective point of measurement for cylindrical chambers may result in a systematic shift of electron percentage depth doses
Authors: Anusionwu Princess C. , Alpuche Aviles Jorge E. , Pistorius Stephen
Published: January 2020

Electron dosimetry can be performed using cylindrical chambers, plane‐parallel chambers, and diode detectors. The finite volume of these detectors results in a displacement effect which is taken into account using an effective point of measurement (EPOM). Dosimetry protocols have recommended a shift of 0.5 rcav for cylindrical chambers; however, various studies have shown that the optimal shift may deviate from this recommended value. This study investigated the effect that the selection of EPOM shift for cylindrical chamber has on percentage depth dose (PDD) curves. Depth dose curves were measured in a water phantom for electron beams with energies ranging from 6 to 18 MeV. The detectors investigated were of three different types: diodes (Diode‐E PTW 60017 and SFD IBA), cylindrical (Semiflex PTW 31010, PinPoint PTW 31015, and A12 Exradin), and parallel plate ionization chambers (Advanced Markus PTW 34045 and Markus PTW 23343). Depth dose curves measured with Diode‐E and Advanced Markus agreed within 0.2 mm at R50 except for 18 MeV and extremely large field size. The PDDs measured with the Semiflex chamber and Exradin A12 were about 1.1 mm (with respect to the Advanced Markus chamber) shallower than those measured with the other detectors using a 0.5 rcav shift. The difference between the PDDs decreased when a Pinpoint chamber, with a smaller cavity radius, was used. Agreement improved at lower energies, with the use of previously published EPOM corrections (0.3 rcav). Therefore, the use of 0.5 rcav as an EPOM may result in a systematic shift of the therapeutic portion of the PDD (distances < R90). Our results suggest that a 0.1 rcav shift is more appropriate for one chamber model (Semiflex PTW 31010).
Mechanistic Study on High Efficiency Deep Blue AIE‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by Magneto‐Electroluminescence
Authors: Guo Xiaomin , Yuan Peisen , Qiao Xianfeng , Yang Dezhi , Dai Yanfeng , Sun Qian , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong , Ma Dongge
Published: January 2020

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials are highly attractive because of their excellent properties of high efficiency emission in nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Therefore, a deep understanding of the working mechanisms, further improving the electroluminescence (EL) efficiency of the resulting AIE‐based OLEDs, is necessary. Herein, the conversion process from higher energy triplet state (T2) to the lowest singlet state (SS1) is found in OLEDs based on a blue AIE material, 4′‐(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)‐5′‐phenyl‐[1,1′:2′,1′′‐terphenyl]‐4‐carbonitrile (TPB‐AC), obviously relating to the device efficiency, by magneto‐EL (MEL) measurements. A special line shape with rise at low field and reduction at high field is observed. The phenomenon is further clarified by theoretical calculations, temperature‐dependent MELs, and transient photoluminescence emission properties. On the basis of the T2‐S1 conversion process, the EL performances of the blue OLEDs based on TPB‐AC are further enhanced by introducing a phosphorescence doping emitter in the emitting layer, which effectively regulates the excitons on TPB‐AC molecules. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaches 7.93% and the EQE keeps 7.57% at the luminance of 1000 cd m−2. This work establishes a physical insight for designing high‐performance AIE materials and devices in the future.
Hierarchical 3D Patterns with Dynamic Wrinkles Produced by a Photocontrolled Diels–Alder Reaction on the Surface
Authors: Li Tiantian , Hu Kaiming , Ma Xiaodong , Zhang Wenming , Yin Jie , Jiang Xuesong
Published: January 2020

Three‐dimensional (3D) reconfigurable patterns with dynamic morphologies enable the on‐demand control of surface properties, such as optical, wetting, and adhesive properties, to achieve smart surfaces. Here, a simple yet general strategy is developed for fabricating 3D patterns with reversible wrinkles on the surface, in which a Diels–Alder (D‐A) reaction in the top layer, which consists of a reversible cross‐linked polymer network composed of a furan‐containing copolymer (PSFB) and bismaleimide (BMI), can be spatially controlled by the photodimerization of BMI. When a photomask is used during irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light, selective photodimerization of the maleimide leads to the diffusion of maleimide from the unexposed region to the exposed region, resulting in the generation of a diffused relief pattern. By controlling the reversible D‐A reaction at different temperatures, orthogonal wrinkles can be sequentially and reversibly generated or erased in both the exposed and unexposed regions on the surface. Theoretical modeling with boundary effects reveals that the orientation of the wrinkle in the exposed region is perpendicular to the boundary, whereas the wrinkle in the unexposed region is parallel to the boundary. This strategy, based on a photocontrolled D‐A reaction, provides an important and robust alternative for fabricating 3D patterned surfaces with dynamic topographies.
Carbonylative Suzuki coupling reactions catalyzed by ONO pincer–type Pd(II) complexes using chloroform as a carbon monoxide surrogate
Authors: Layek Samaresh , Agrahari Bhumika , Ganguly Rakesh , Das Parthasarathi , Pathak Devendra D.
Published: January 2020

Benzoylhydrazone Schiff base–ligated three new ONO pincer–type palladium(II) complexes, [(PdL1(PPh3)] (1), [(PdL2(PPh3)] (2), and [(PdL3(PPh3)] (3), were synthesized by the reaction of the respective ligand, N‐(2‐hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (HL1), N‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (HL2), or N‐(5‐bromo‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide (HL3), with Pd(OAc)2 and PPh3 in methanol and isolated as air‐stable reddish‐orange crystalline solids in high yields (78%–83%). All three complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Visible, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C{1H} NMR, and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopic studies. The molecular structure of all three complexes was established unambiguously by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies which revealed a distorted square planar geometry of all three complexes. The ONO pincer–type ligands occupied three coordination sites at the palladium, while the fourth site is occupied by the monodentate triphenylphosphine ligand. The catalytic potential of all three complexes was explored in the carbonylative Suzuki coupling of aryl bromides and iodides with arylboronic acids to yield biaryl ketones, using CHCl3 as the source of carbonyl. The reported protocol is convenient and safe as it obviates the use of carbon monoxide (CO) balloons or pressured CO reactors which are otherwise needed for the carbonylation reactions. The methodology has been successfully applied to the synthesis of two antineoplastic drugs, namely, phenstatin and naphthylphenstatin, in good yields (81% and 85%, respectively). Under the optimized reaction conditions, complex 2 exhibited the best catalytic activity in the carbonylative Suzuki couplings. The reported catalysts have wide reaction scope with good functional group tolerance. All catalysts could be retrieved from the reaction after completion and recycled up to three times with insignificant loss in the catalytic activity.
Synthesis of 1‐hexene/1,7‐octadiene copolymers using coordination polymerization and postfunctionalization with triethoxysilane
Authors: Kateb Mina , Karimi Majid , Nejabat Gholam‐Reza , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Ahmadjo Saeid
Published: January 2020

Homo‐ and copolymerization of 1‐hexene (H) and 1,7‐octadiene (O) were done using two different catalysts 1,4‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)acenaphthenediiminedibromo nickel (II) andrac‐ethylenebis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride [rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2]. The metallocene catalyst showed higher activity than the nickelα‐diimine catalyst in homo‐ and copolymerization. The1H NMR studies confirmed the formation of copolymers containing 8–47% of 1,7‐octadiene. In the copolymerization of hexene and diene, as the amount of incorporated diene in the copolymers increased, theirTgincreased. TGA results showed that thermal stability of the polymer increases with the increase of 1‐hexene incorporation in the polymer chain. Finally 1‐hexene/1,7‐octadiene copolymers were functionalized by triethoxysilane in the presence of hexachloroplatinic acid. The1H NMR spectrum of the functionalized samples showed that the double bonds in the copolymer structure were completely eliminated. The DSC analysis showed higherTgs for the functionalized copolymer. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48934.
Organophotocatalytic N‐Demethylation of Oxycodone Using Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Chen Yuesu , Glotz Gabriel , Cantillo David , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: January 2020

N‐Demethylation of oxycodone is one of the key steps in the synthesis of important opioid antagonists like naloxone or analgesics like nalbuphine. The reaction is typically carried out using stoichiometric amounts of toxic and corrosive reagents. Herein, we present a green and scalable organophotocatalytic procedure that accomplishes the N‐demethylation step using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant and an organic dye (rose bengal) as an effective photocatalyst. Optimization of the reaction conditions under continuous flow conditions using visible‐light irradiation led to an efficient, reliable, and scalable process, producing noroxycodone hydrochloride in high isolated yield and purity after a simple workup.
Cycloaddition Chemistry of a Silylene‐Nickel Complex toward Organic π‐Systems: From Reversibility to C−H Activation
Authors: Hadlington Terrance J. , Kostenko Arseni , Driess Matthias
Published: January 2020

The versatile cycloaddition chemistry of the Si−Ni multiple bond in the acyclic (amido)(chloro)silylene→Ni0 complex 1, [(TMSL)ClSi→Ni(NHC)2] (TMSL=N(SiMe3)Dipp; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H4; NHC=C[(iPr)NC(Me)]2), toward unsaturated organic substrates is reported, which is both reminiscent of and expanding on the reactivity patterns of classical Fischer and Schrock carbene–metal complexes. Thus, 1:1 reaction of 1 with aldehydes, imines, alkynes, and even alkenes proceed to yield [2+2] cycloaddition products, leading to a range of four‐membered metallasilacycles. This cycloaddition is in fact reversible for ethylene, whereas addition of an excess of this olefin leads to quantitative sp2‐CH bond activation, via a 1‐nickela‐4‐silacyclohexane intermediate. These results have been supported by DFT calculations giving insights into key mechanistic aspects.
Kinetic Investigation of Peroxide Decomposition by Calorimetry under High‐Pressure
Authors: Sartorius Jana , Busch Markus
Published: January 2020

Radical polymerization is widely applied in industrial production using peroxides as initiators. The high‐pressure polymerization process of LDPE is evaluated of pressures up to 3500 bar and temperature up to 300 °C. For simulations physical properties and kinetics under these harsh conditions have to be measured. Therefore, kinetic parameters such as activation energy, pre‐exponential factor and order of reaction as well as their dependence on pressure and solvent are investigated in this study with high‐pressure calorimetry using a transitiometer and DSC using high‐pressure crucibles.
The results of the intensive phase of complete decongestive therapy and the determination of predictive factors for response to treatment in patients with breast cancer related‐lymphedema
Authors: Keskin Dilek , Dalyan Meltem , Ünsal‐Delialioğlu Sibel , Düzlü‐Öztürk Ülkü
Published: January 2020

Background

Lymphedema is a common complication of breast cancer or its treatment. The gold standard treatment for lymphedema is complete decongestive therapy. There are few studies about the predictive factors for the effectiveness of complete decongestive therapy.

Aim

To evaluate the results of the intensive phase of complete decongestive therapy, and to determine the predictive factors for the response to treatment in patients with breast cancer‐related lymphedema.

Methods and Results

Fifty‐seven patients with breast cancer‐related lymphedema (mean age: 56.2 ± 11.2 years) who underwent complete decongestive therapy between 2014 and 2016 were evaluated retrospectively. Extremity volume was calculated using circumferential measurements and the truncated cone formula technique. Response to treatment was evaluated using the percentage reduction of excess volume formula, which was obtained by calculating the extremity volume before and after treatment. The median percentage reduction of excess volume was 27.7% (IQR,13.6‐50.3). The history of skin infection was related to lower percentage reduction of excess volume (P = 0.001). Although percentage reduction of excess volume was positively correlated with education level (r = 0.286, P = 0.031), percentage reduction of excess volume was negatively correlated with lymphedema duration (r = −0.361, P = 0.006), postoperative duration (r = −0.314, P = 0.018), percentage of excess volume (r = −0.398, P = 0.002), and number of complete decongestive therapy sessions (r = −0.436, P = 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the independent variables for percentage reduction of excess volume were percentage of excess volume (P = 0.009) and education level (P = 0.021).

Conclusion

Complete decongestive therapy is an effective method in patients with breast cancer related‐lymphedema. The most important predictive factors for the efficacy of treatment were found as percentage of excess volume and education level. Patients with breast cancer should be followed up regularly and receive complete decongestive therapy in the early stage of lymphedema.
Does Hepatic Impairment Affect the Exposure of Monoclonal Antibodies?
Authors: Sun Qin , Seo Shirley , Zvada Simbarashe , Liu Chao , Reynolds Kellie
Published: January 2020

Limited information is available regarding the effect of hepatic impairment (HI) on the pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The results of an earlier report based on therapeutic proteins, including mAbs, approved through the end of 2012 were inconclusive due to limited HI data available at that time. New HI data for mAbs or antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs; with a focus on the mAb component) available between 2013 and 2018 were evaluated. The investigation indicates there is almost no data for severe HI, limited data for moderate HI, and abundant data for mild HI. A significant exposure decrease was found for several mAbs or ADCs and a trend for decreasing area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) was observed for other mAbs. Multiple potential mechanisms may contribute to the exposure decrease. Dose may need to be adjusted for patients with HI, after taking into account the exposure–response relationships for both efficacy and safety.
Novel miniaturized folded UWB microstrip antenna‐based metamaterial for RF energy harvesting
Authors: Elwi Taha A. , Jassim Daniya Amer , Mohammed Hayder Hassan
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a design of an ultra‐wideband (UWB) cylindrical metamaterial (MTM) antenna for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting to suit the fields of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The patch circuitry is based on 3×5 Hilbert‐shaped MTM unit cells array to enhance the antenna bandwidth. While, the antenna ground plane is defected with an electromagnetic band gap structure to enhance the gain. The antenna is mounted on a polytetrafluoroethylene cylindrical substrate of an outer diameter of 15 mm and length of 32 mm with 1 mm in thickness. The substrate relative permittivity is 2.04, and the loss tangent is 0.0002. The antenna patch and the ground plane structures are printed with silver nanoparticles ink using a 2.5D CNC plotter machine. The fabricated prototype provides an UWB over the frequency range from 3.77 up to 13.89 GHz with a first separate resonant mode at 3 GHz. The antenna performance is tested numerically using two different software packages of CST MWS and HFSS. Then, an experimental validation is conducted to realize the performance of the proposed antenna in harvesting the RF energy. Excellent conversion efficiency, about 90%, is achieved at 5.8 GHz. Finally, the antenna radiation patterns and S11 spectrum are measured and compared against their simulated results to achieve good agreements.
Seasonal shifts in the assembly dynamics of benthic macroinvertebrate and diatom communities in a subtropical river
Authors: Wang Jun , Hu Jiancheng , Tang Tao , Heino Jani , Jiang Xiaoming , Li Zhengfei , Xie Zhicai
Published: January 2020

Identifying seasonal shifts in community assembly for multiple biological groups is important to help enhance our understanding of their ecological dynamics. However, such knowledge on lotic assemblages is still limited. In this study, we used biological traits and functional diversity indices in association with null model analyses to detect seasonal shifts in the community assembly mechanisms of lotic macroinvertebrates and diatoms in an unregulated subtropical river in China. We found that functional composition and functional diversity (FRic, FEve, FDis, MNN, and SDNN) showed seasonal variation for macroinvertebrate and diatom assemblages. Null models suggested that environmental filtering, competitive exclusion, and neutral process were all important community assembly mechanisms for both biological groups. However, environmental filtering had a stronger effect on spring macroinvertebrate assemblages than autumn assemblages, but the effect on diatom assemblages was the same in both seasons. Moreover, macroinvertebrate and diatom assemblages were shaped by different environmental factors. Macroinvertebrates were filtered mainly by substrate types, velocity, and CODMn, while diatoms were mainly shaped by altitude, substrate types, and water quality. Therefore, our study showed (a) that different biological assemblages in a river system presented similarities and differences in community assembly mechanisms, (b) that multiple processes play important roles in maintaining benthic community structure, and (c) that these patterns and underlying mechanisms are seasonally variable. Thus, we highlight the importance of exploring the community assembly mechanisms of multiple biological groups, especially in different seasons, as this is crucial to improve the understanding of river community changes and their responses to environmental degradation.
A lattice and random intermediate point sampling design for animal movement
Authors: Eisenhauer Elizabeth , Hanks Ephraim
Published: January 2020

Animal movement studies have become ubiquitous in animal ecology for the estimation of space use and the analysis of movement behavior. In these studies, animal movement data are primarily collected at regular time intervals. We propose an irregular sampling design that could lead to greater efficiency and information gain in animal movement studies. Our novel sampling design, called lattice and random intermediate point (LARI), combines samples at regular and random time intervals. We compare the LARI sampling design to regular sampling designs in an example with common black carpenter ant location data, an example with guppy location data, and a simulation study of movement with a point of attraction. We modify a general stochastic differential equation model to allow for irregular time intervals and use this framework to compare sampling designs. When parameters are estimated reasonably well, regular sampling results in greater precision and accuracy in prediction of missing data. However, in each of the data and simulation examples explored in this paper, LARI sampling results in more accurate and precise parameter estimation and, thus, better prediction of missing data as well. This result suggests that researchers might gain greater insight into underlying animal movement processes by choosing LARI sampling over regular sampling.
Influence of Quaternary paleoclimate change on the permeability of the loess–paleosol sequence in the Loess Plateau, northern China
Authors: Hou Kai , Qian Hui , Zhang Qiying , Lin Tao , Chen Yao , Zhang Yuting , Qu Wengang
Published: January 2020

Permeability differences in multi‐cycle loess–paleosol aeolian sediments, which are still poorly understood, have the potential to significantly improve our understanding of climatic change during the glacial–interglacial periods of the Quaternary. In this study, the permeability of a well‐preserved and continuous loess–paleosol sequence in the South Jingyang Plateau was investigated. Weathering intensity was inferred using a series of climate proxies including grain‐size distribution, magnetic susceptibility and mineralogy. The results of laboratory tests showed that the average saturated hydraulic conductivity of loess layers is higher than that of paleosol layers. Also, clear differences between loess and paleosol were found in terms of depth variations of the vertical and horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivities. Differences in loess–paleosol were also found for other proxies for pedogenic weathering [i.e. clay content, sand content, Kd value (ratio of coarse silt to clay), magnetic susceptibility, dolomite content and the ratios of hornblende/illite and hornblende/chlorite]. Our results showed a high permeability of loess layers associated with weak pedogenic weathering during cold/dry paleoclimatic conditions in glacial stages. On the contrary, paleosol layers developed in a warm/humid climate during the interglacial stages experienced strong pedogenic weathering that resulted in lower permeability. Based on these results, we construct a connection between Quaternary climate change theory and the modern hydrological system. This provides a scientific basis for investigating the distribution and pollution of groundwater resources in the local region. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug‐Induced Liver Injury by Selective Androgenic Receptor Modulators
Authors: Flores Joan Ericka , Chitturi Shivakumar , Walker Sarah
Published: January 2020

Selective androgenic receptor modulators (SARMs) have not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration but they are heavily promoted as alternatives to androgenic anabolic steroids. We present two cases of liver injury associated with SARMs.
The Influence of Trauma Symptoms on the Therapeutic Alliance Across Treatment
Authors: Lawson David M. , Skidmore Susan Troncoso , Akay‐Sullivan Sinem
Published: January 2020

The authors examined the influence of early phase dissociation, interpersonal problems, and retraumatization on the therapeutic alliance at early, middle, and later treatment phases. Participants were 84 female survivors of child abuse (ages 18 to 60 years, 53.6% Caucasian) who were receiving counseling at a university training clinic. Master’s‐ and doctoral‐level students provided counseling using integrated relationship and trauma‐based cognitive behavior therapy. Treatment followed a 3‐phase model. The authors used structural equation models to test the hypothesis. In the early and later phases, fewer interpersonal problems significantly predicted a stronger alliance. In the middle phase, fewer interpersonal problems, less dissociation, and more revictimization significantly predicted a stronger alliance. Tasks, goals, and bond contributed significantly to the alliance in each of the 3 phases. Interpersonal problems were consistently the strongest predictor across the 3 phases, whereas tasks consistently made the greatest contribution to the therapeutic alliance across all 3 phases.
Ethnicity, Life Satisfaction, Stress, Familiarity, and Stigma Toward Mental Health Treatment
Authors: Crowe Allison , Kim Taehee
Published: January 2020

The authors examined the relative contribution of ethnicity, life satisfaction, level of stress, familiarity with mental health treatment, and self‐ and public stigma on attitudes toward mental health treatment among a diverse sample (N = 632) of adults. Results indicated that ethnicity, stress, familiarity, and self‐stigma of mental illness were significant predictors of attitudes. Additionally, familiarity with mental health treatment moderated the relationship between public stigma and attitude.
Psychometric Synthesis of the Five Factor Wellness Inventory
Authors: Shannonhouse Laura , Erford Bradley , Gibson Donna , O’Hara Caroline , Fullen Matthew C.
Published: January 2020

This quantitative synthesis combines results of 59 studies that published psychometrics of the Five Factor Wellness Inventory (5F‐Wel; Myers & Sweeney, 2005a, 2005b). Although few studies reported complete statistics, and demographically targeted research studies are needed, this synthesis reflects that the 5F‐Wel (also known as the FFWEL; Mind Garden, n.d.) is sound psychometrically for adults: Internal consistency, subsample means, and intrascale correlations are promising, as are correlations with related constructs. Consequently, the 5F‐Wel demonstrates utility for clinical use when working with clients on wellness goals.
A single‐nucleotide polymorphism in lnc‐LAMC2‐1:1 interferes with its interaction with miR‐128 to alter the expression of deleted in colorectal cancer and its effect on the survival rate of subjects with ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Xiao‐Ping , Zhou Xi , Yang Chun‐Fen , Zhu Zhu
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to identify the association between lnc‐LAMC2‐1:1 polymorphism rs2147578 and the recurrence of ovary cancer, as well as to study the underlying mechanism of rs2147578 in ovary cancer. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Logrank test, and Kaplan‐Meier analysis were carried out to explore the role of rs2147578 in ovary cancer. No obvious difference was observed concerning all clinical characteristics among 90 patients genotyped as CC (N = 28), CG (N = 38), and GG (N = 24) in their rs2147578 polymorphism. In addition, the subjects carrying the CC genotype had longer recurrence‐free survival time and showed a lower level of malignancy compared with those carrying CG and GG genotypes. Lnc‐LAMC2‐1:1 and miR‐128 were lowly expressed in the CC group, while deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) was highly expressed in the CC group. Furthermore, DCC was identified as a target gene of miR‐128, and miR‐128 mimics decreased the luciferase activity of cells cotransfected with wild‐type DCC 3′‐untranslated region. Lnc‐LAMC2:1‐1 directly targeted and affected miR‐128 expression, and the G allele in lnc‐LAMC2‐1:1 rs2147578 upregulated miR‐128 expression. Transfection with a miR‐128 precursor evidently downregulated the expression of lnc‐LAMC2‐1:1, miR‐128, and DCC expression, but did not affect the expression of ABCC5 and body mass index. Finally, miR‐128 precursor promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. Compared with lnc‐LAMC2‐1:1 rs2147578C allele, the G allele increases the risk of ovarian cancer by reducing the binding between lnc‐LAMC2‐1:1 and miR‐128‐3p, which in turn further decreases the expression of DCC and inhibits cell apoptosis.