bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thoracic ultrasound can optimise the sequence of medical and physiotherapy treatments during an opaque hemithorax (whiteout): A case report
Authors: Hayward Simon , Hayward Lisa
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Physiotherapy can aid the removal of secretions following a whole lung collapse, presenting as an opaque hemithorax or “whiteout” on chest radiograph (CXR). Identifying the cause of an opaque hemithorax can prove difficult due to low sensitivity of chest radiography (CXR). Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) is a diagnostic technique able to differentiate between pathologies. The aim of this report is to highlight the impact of TUS on physiotherapy practice.

CASE PRESENTATION:

A 63-year-old patient underwent elective cardiac surgery. Post-operatively he sustained a cerebral artery infarct with a dense hemiplegia and an ineffective cough. He required nasal pharyngeal suction and use of a cough-assist machine. Increased oxygen requirements prompted a CXR showing an opaque hemithorax. Physiotherapy was requested to aid sputum removal and lung recruitment. Prior to initiating physiotherapy treatment TUS showed a large pleural effusion. Despite this new information a bronchoscopy elicited no significant sputum plug. A second TUS scan showed no change in the effusion. A chest drain was inserted which elicited 3500 mls within an hour. A third TUS showed an absence of any pleural effusion. Following physiotherapy treatment a final TUS scan showed normal aeration.

DISCUSSION:

An opaque hemithorax can be caused by a significant pleural effusion even when sputum retention is suspected. When patients are referred to physiotherapy TUS can highlight pathologies not amenable to physiotherapy treatment. It seems reasonable to address the pleural effusion first and then implement physiotherapy treatment. TUS will also allow rapid repeated imaging to assess whether treatments have been successful immediately after being administered.
Cross-education plus mirror therapy as a post-stroke rehabilitation intervention: A case study
Authors: Simpson D. , Ehrensberger M. , Broderick P. , Horgan F. , Blake C. , Roberts D. , Monaghan K.
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND:

A large proportion of patients with chronic stroke have permanent lower limb functional disability leading to reduced levels of independent mobility. Individually, both cross-education of strength and mirror therapy have been shown to improve aspects of lower limb functioning post-stroke.

OBJECTIVES:

This case report examined whether the novel combination of both therapies could be a feasible intervention leading to improvements in lower limb impairments and functional ability for a post-stroke individual.

METHODS:

The participant was a 66-year-old male and was six months’ post-stroke. Due to hemiparesis and spasticity he had lower limb motor impairment. The participant engaged in a combination of cross-education strength training plus mirror therapy three days per week for four weeks. Outcome measures included Maximal Voluntary Contraction, Modified Ashworth Scale, 10 Metre Walk Test, Timed Up and Go and London Handicap Scale. Intervention adherence, adverse effects and subjective feedback were also recorded.

RESULTS:

Maximal Voluntary Contraction increased in both limbs. Improvements were also seen in the Modified Ashworth Scale, 10 Metre Walk Test and Timed Up and Go. Improvements in function were reflected in a positive increase in self-perceived participation scores. The intervention was well received and no adverse effects were noted for the participant.

DISCUSSION:

The positive outcomes from this new combination therapy for this participant are encouraging and indicate the potential benefit of mirror therapy as an adjunct to cross-education training for improving lower limb strength, spasticity and motor function post-stroke.
A randomised feasibility study using an acupuncture protocol to the Achilles tendon in Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Kishmishian Berj , Richards Jim , Selfe James
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND:

The prevalence of Achilles tendinopathy is greatest in activities including middle and long distance running, tennis, badminton, volleyball, and its incidence is increasing. However, currently no gold standard treatment for Achilles tendinopathy exists, although eccentric exercises are commonly recommended.

PURPOSE:

This study aimed to investigate the changes in clinical scores when administering a) acupuncture and b) sham acupuncture to the Achilles tendon in patients diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy who did not respond to modified eccentric exercises.

METHODS:

Twenty-two patients were randomised and received either acupuncture or the control sham acupuncture treatment. VISA-A, NPRS, EQ-5D and GRC were recorded before treatment at week 0, then at week 2, week 4 with a final follow-up review at week 12.

MAIN RESULTS:

Acupuncture resulted in significant differences between groups and time points in VISA-A, NPRS, EQ-5D and GRC. The Acupuncture group reached the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) threshold for important difference, when compared to sham acupuncture. The difference between treatments would suggest a beneficial response following the use of acupuncture to the Achilles tendon in Achilles tendinopathy.

PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS:

The overall findings suggest the use of a standardised acupuncture protocol to the Achilles tendon is a viable treatment alternative, which could be used as a second line treatment in patients diagnosed with Achilles tendinopathy who did not respond to eccentric exercises. However, in view of the small sample size, the results of this feasibility study should be viewed with caution.
Improving non-native English students' communicative competence and collaboration skills through Virtual Simulations
Authors: Sadiku Alisa
Published: February 2019

Knowing how to communicate in the target language is the main goal of most language learners. Furthermore, it is very challenging for teachers to bring real world communication experiences in classroom settings where English is not the native language. Hence, in this paper I explore the role of virtual simulations in promoting communicational and collaboration opportunities to non-native speakers of English. In my research, I describe how virtual worlds improve communicative and collaborative skills of non-native speakers of English. Moreover, I investigate how virtual worlds can create a learner centered environment where students take control of their own language production. And third, I explore how the affordances of virtual worlds can enhance non-native English students’ communication and collaboration by engaging them in contextual and authentic environment.
Differential Diagnosis between the Varieties of Vasculitis Forms
Authors: Hankollari Joana , Duli Marsida , Dika Qamil , Duli Xhenila , Bimi Indrit , Dervishi Daniela
Published: February 2019

Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessels. It can affect any blood vessel in the body by manifesting a variety of systemic, non-specific symptoms that make difficult the diagnosis of this pathology and especially its specific form. In front of any patient suspected of being affected by vasculitis, some questions are asked: Is the vasculitis or other pathology that camouflages, whether it is primary or secondary vasculitis, in which vessels this pathology extends, how can the diagnosis be confirmed and how can it be determined the type of vasculitis?The purpose of this study is to inform about the protocols to be followed to perform differential diagnosis of vasculitis types.This study is a review based on the research of world studies and literature regarding the recommendations for performing differential diagnosis among the variety of vasculitis forms.Primary patient assessment involves taking the history of the medications it uses, risk factors for infectious pathology, history of cardiac valve pathologies, and autoimmune pathologies. Then laboratory and imaging studies are carried out, aiming at setting the diagnosis, determining the affected organ and the degree of disease activity. And recently we refer to algorithms to make differential diagnosis between the varieties of vasculitis forms.Despite the diagnostic difficulties of vasculitis, the variety of its forms, the separation of responsibilities among many specialities, there are protocols that need to be followed rigorously to arrive at a safe diagnosis as well as auxiliary algorithms to distinguish the type of vasculitis.
Characteristics and Temporal Behavior of Internet Backbone Traffic
Authors: Salihu Artan , Shefkiu Muharrem , Maraj Arianit
Published: February 2019

With the rapid increase demand for data usage, Internet has become complex and harder to analyze. Characterizing the Internet traffic might reveal information that are important for Network Operators to formulate policy decisions, develop techniques to detect network anomalies, help better provision network resources (capacity, buffers) and use workload characteristics for simulations (typical packet sizes, flow durations, common protocols).

In this paper, using passive monitoring and measurements, we show collected data traffic at Internet backbone routers. First, we reveal main observations on patterns and characteristics of this dataset including packet sizes, traffic volume for inter and intra domain and protocol composition. Second, we further investigate independence structure of packet size arrivals using both visual and computational statistics. Finally, we show the temporal behavior of most active destination IP and Port addresses.
Implications of EU-GDPR in Low-Grade Social, Activist and NGO Settings
Authors: Magnusson Lars , Iqbal Sarfraz
Published: February 2019

Social support services are becoming popular among the citizens of every country and every age. Though, social support services easily accessible on mobile phones are used in different contexts, ranging from extending your presence and connectivity to friends, family and colleagues to using social media services for being a social activist seeking to help individuals confined in miserable situations such as homeless community, drug addicts or even revolutionists fighting against dictatorships etc. However, a very recent development in the European Parliament’s law (2016/679) on the processing and free movement of personal data in terms of EU-GDPR (General data protection rules) considers the low funded social service development efforts unsafe. This article analyses a case study conducted at a shelter for homeless mothers in the United States to conceptualize the future similar development efforts from low end public activist groups within European union. This article aims to raise awareness on this issue and also puts forth a conceptual model to envision the possibilities of mitigating the risks attached to such development efforts under the light of EU-GDPR which will be implemented in may 2018.
Characteristics of urban/architectural developments in Tirana and Prishtina, during the last decade
Authors: Beqaj Binak , Vokshi Armand
Published: February 2019

Rapid urbanization as a process of societal transformation and intensive architectural developments in urban areas in Tirana and Prishtina, as capital cities of Countries in transition in sense of achievements for community living there and their urban qualitative life. Considering the planning process and role of different partners towards urban prosperity, the urban developments during the last ten years in both capital cities, based on research done and presented in this paper, using comparison methodology on some contextual bases:

Policy context
Physical space context
Site landscape context

With analyses aiming to explain which are effects of three-dimensional mentioned above “contexts” related with: urban space and its integration within public realm (open space, streets, urban greenery, social features…) and architectural values related to sustainability, in line within general objective-urban community satisfaction!
The effect of Particles PM10 and PM2.5 in dust emission of urban infrastructure from Thermal Power Plant Technology Kosovo
Authors: Syla Afrim
Published: February 2019

Airborne particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 microns (referred to as PM10) is one of the six criteria pollutants used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as indicator of air quality. During the last decade, the health effects of urban aerosols have become a major concern for the society.

The main environmental problems in Kosovo include all issues related to water supply and sanitation system, air quality, solid waste management and urban infrastructure. The major problem remains high pollutions, energy losses and low collection efficiency. The awareness of environmental issues among the general public is poor. Air quality is degraded by various polluters, including traffic and two big thermal power plants which are located close to the surface lignite deposit in Obiliq. Emission of dust and ash from the thermo power plants exceeds by far the EU standards. Gas emissions have a high level of PM, CO2, SOx, NOx. For coal generation, reducing non-GHG pollutant emissions (SO2, NOx, PM) is significantly important. Additional problems are the ash hills that have more than 40 million tons of ash and are taking about 165 ha of agricultural land, as well as the pits created the coal extraction in the lignite open pit mines.
Hubungan Kesiapan Belajar Dan Kecemasan Matematika Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa SMP
Authors: Himmi Nailul , Azni Anggi
Published: February 2019

Abstrak.Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Kartini Batam II yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kesiapan belajar dan kecemasan matematika dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Jenis Penelitian korelasional dengan populasi seluruh siswa di SMP Kartini II Batam dan sampel siswa SMP kelas VIII Kartini II Batam Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 yang siambil secara purposive sampling yaitu sebanyak 30 siswa. Instrumen penelitian berupa observasi, dokumentasi dan angket. Teknik analisis menggunakan rumus korelasi pearson product moment kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Uji F dan kemudian dibandingkan dengan Ftabel (α =5%) dengan bantuan software Minitab. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kesiapan belajar dan kecemasan matematika dengan hasil belajar matematika siswa (Fhitung = 19,47; P. = 0,000). Dengan besar korelasi = 0,5905 yaitu pada kategori cukup. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan semakin tinggi kesiapan belajar dan semakin kurang kecemasan matematika maka akan semakin membaik pula hasil belajar matematika yang dicapai oleh siswa tersebut dan begitu pula sebaliknya jika semakin kurang kesiapan belajar dan semakin tinggi kecemasan matematika maka akan semakin rendah hasil belajar matematika yang dicapai oleh siswa tersebut dalam pelajaran matematika.Kata Kunci: Kesiapan Belajar, Kecemasan Matematika, Hasil Belajar Matematika
PERBANDINGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIVEMENT DIVISIONS DENGAN TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZATION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN AWAL SISWA MAN 1 BATAM
Authors: Nisa Muthia Khairan , Hanggara Yudhi
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Perbedaan hasil belajar matematika antara siswa yang diberi perlakuan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Team Assisted Individualization (TAI). (2) Perbedaan hasil belajar matematika antara siswa yang mempunyai kemampuan awal tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. (3) Interaksi antara penggunaan model model pembelajaran (STAD dan TAI) dengan kemampuan awal siswa terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2x3. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa MAN 1 Batam Kelas X tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik Cluster Random Sampling. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis variansi dua jalan dengan sel tak sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TAI menghasilkan hasil belajar matematika lebih baik daripada model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. (2) Hasil belajar siswa dengan kemampuan awal tinggi lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan kemampuan awal sedang dan rendah, kemudian hasil belajar matematika siswa dengan kemampuan awal sedang sama baiknya dengan hasil belajar siswa dengan kemampuan awal srendah (3) Tidak terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan kemampuan awal siswa terhadap hasil belajar matematika.
Peculiarities of internship in neurology in modern conditions
Authors: Sviridova N.K. , Sulik R.V. , Kustkova A.S.
Published: February 2019

The article outlines the basic requirements for postgraduate training of interns according to modern international standards, taking into account the integration of active medical education in Ukraine into European educational space. It highlights the gradual optimization of scientific and methodical process using modern computer technologies, distance education involving leading national and European experts, electronic textbooks, CDs, presentations, interactive encyclopaedias and reference books. It stresses the expediency of retraining the educators, improvement of methodological skills, methodological assistance to heads of postgraduate centers, development of new methods of internship training. The observations in the article are based on the decades of experience of the Department of Neurology and Reflexotherapy with the Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. Based on our own experience of international cooperation, the department is implementing the latest systems of education of future specialists.
Why carnitine deficiency is relevant in the treatment of patients with neurological disorders
Authors: Svyrydova N.K.
Published: February 2019

L-carnitine holds an important place among the medicines that affect the metabolism,. Carnitine-based medications are highly effective and can seriously contribute to a regression of clinical manifestations of the disease or decrease the intensity of the disease. The metabolic activity of Cardonat Sperco Ukraine, the anabolic properties of its components, as well as their cardio-, neuro-, and hepato¬ and nephroprotective properties give reason to consider Cardonat it the first polyprotector anabolic. All of the above makes it possible to use Cardonat in cardio-neurological, gastroenterological and urological practices.
Algorithm prediction of cognitive impairment
Authors: Svyrydova N.K. , Parnikoza T.P. , Chupryna G.M. , Sulikom R.V. , Lubenets G.S. , Ingula N.I. , Kravchuk N.O.
Published: February 2019

The most strong and independent risk factor for cognitive disorders are age because the brain undergoes a series of regular changes that make it more vulnerable to various pathological effects. Diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with atherosclerosis of coronary and cerebral arteries in the early stages of development (for example, at the stage of mild cognitive disorders) hard due to ignorance of doctors therapeutic profile of peculiarities and rate of progression of cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients, especially their maintenance and necessary neuropsychological testing.
Clinical management of patients with vertebral lumbosacral radiculopathy. Description clinical cases
Authors: Ingula N.I.
Published: February 2019

Lumbosacral radiculopathy one of the most difficult choices vertebrogenic pain syndromes characterized especially intense and prolonged pain, usually accompanied by a sharp restriction of mobility, and is the most common cause of disability. Most of the destruction of roots of spinal nerves caused by vertebral reasons the presence of a herniated disc, degenerative changes in the intervertebral joints, narrow spinal canal. This article describes a clinical case of practice management of patients with chronic vertebral lumbosacral radiculopathy. The main causes of pain in the lower back, the main approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain. Special attention is paid to the differential diagnosis of chronic pain in his back and leg.
Sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chuprуna G.N.
Published: February 2019

Studied sleep disorders (SD) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using a Severity scale of insomnia (ІSІ) and Sleepiness Scale Epworth (ESS) in comparison with the control groups and in the aspect of comorbidity, as well as to determine the correlations between the SD and the degree of disability, the level of severity of fatigue, depression, pain, quality of life (QOL).

The study involved 207 MS patients with different forms of cours and 109 people who constituted the control group. Evaluated the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients with MS due to comorbidity, determines the level of disability (EDSS), severity of pain (VAS), the severity of fatigue (FSS), depression (BDI-II), indicators of QOL (SF-36).

Single or multiple co-morbidities found in 102 (49.3%) patients with MS, there was no co-morbidities in 105 (50.7%) patients with MS.

It was found that more often among the SD in the study group of patients with MS observed insomnia (54.1%). It led to a decrease in the total duration of a night's sleep, as well as mainly predispose hypersomnia (43.0%). Also found that patients with MS I and II groups SD were significantly more likely than the control groups. It is shown that in patients with MS II group have a more severe manifestations of insomnia and daytime sleepiness (DS), which is associated with the presence of comorbid disease.

According to the correlation analysis shows that the degree of the SD in patients with MS is closely correlated with the level of fatigue were also observed close correlation between insomnia and DS.
Тhe course and approach to the treatment of pelvic organs disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis in the comorbidity
Authors: Chupryna G. , Svyrydova N. , Parnikoza T. , Galusha A. , Popov А.
Published: February 2019

We studied the prevalence and characteristics of the disorders of the pelvic organs (DPO) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the aspect of comorbidity. The study involved 216 MS patients with different forms of course. It was found that the average prevalence DPO in the study group was 86.6%. The most closely DPO MS patients correlated with disease duration, level of disability (EDSS), female gender, level of fatigue and quality of life indicators. In the group of MS patients with comorbid pathology holds a significant prevalence of symptoms DPO and combined forms DPO. It was found that the use of acupuncture techniques in MS patients allows more effectively treat the symptoms DPO.
Neuroprotective properties of arginine: conclusiveness 2016
Authors: Svyrydova N.
Published: February 2019

Systemic or oral administration of arginine improves the function of cardiovascular system and reduces myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease, lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients and in patients with normal or poor kidney function. Although the concentration of arginine in the plasma do not vary with hypercholesterolemia, oral or intravenous administration of arginine can significantly reduce endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypercholesterolemia and in smokers. The main action Arginina due to its role as a precursor of nitric oxide synthesis. L-arginine affects the pathophysiological mechanisms that exist method, the progression of atherosclerosis. L-arginine can be considered as an integrative part of a multimodal approach to combating acute cerebrovascular pathology, development-it excitotoxicity and ischemic brain injury. Neuroprotective properties of the L-arginine suggests that they may have potential as neuroprotective therapy in stroke patients.
Characteristics of cognitive function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 younger depending transferred hypoglycemic conditions
Authors: Zherdоva N. , Mankovsky B.
Published: February 2019

Many studies focus on the effect of compensation of diabetes, glucose-lowering therapy of choice, the influence of cardio - vascular diseases in the state of cognition. At the same time, not enough attention is paid to cognitive impairment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, especially young people. The aim of our study was to investigate the prognostic factors of dementia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are younger. 33 patients were examined with type 1 diabetes and 10 people in the control group. Of the 33 patients with diabetes, 21 people had hypoglycemia in the last 3 months and 12 without hypoglycemic states. To identify depression used two questionnaires: Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). Evaluation of cognitive impairment was conducted using the following methods: The test "5 words", sample Schulte, the scale of assessment of mental status ( MMSE), test battery on the frontal dysfunction (BLD), evaluation of test o’clock. To reveal the 10-year risk of dementia patients used the scale which was developed by a team of researchers at Utrecht University Medical Rudolf Magnus. In patients with type 1 diabetes with hypoglycemia marked deterioration in cognitive function, according to the neuropsychological tests, namely the BLD and MMSE compared with  patient without hypoglycemia. The risk of developing dementia over 10 years in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 young up 2.2 times compared with patients without hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic state is the main risk factor that leads to the development of cognitive impairment, and this is a factor which can be influenced by insulin properly selected.
Lecture theme usovershenstvoniya in reflexology "Diagnosis and treatment of pain syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine"
Authors: Kononov V. , Chupryna G. , Svyrydova N. , Parnikoza T. , Mykytei O.
Published: February 2019

The article considers the main methods of diagnosis and treatment of pain syndrome (BS) in accordance with traditional Chinese medicine, which are used in a lecture course theme usovershenstvoniya in reflexology. Mechanisms of development of the BS associated with the failure of "vital substances" forms premorbid background for the development of BS. Excessive emotions depressive and negative also create additional conditions for the development of BS. This article describes the clinical features of the BS manifestations and treatment tactics depending on the depth of localization of lesions and the BS. Recommended special acupuncture technique for pain relief can extend the theme of the lecture course at the Department of  Neurology and Reflexology, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education based on the analysis of data in the literature and practical experience in acupuncture.
Lecture of the specialization cycle on reflexology "Using Reflexotherapy in Gynecology"
Authors: Svyrydova N. , Chupryna G. , Parnikoza T. , Trufanov Y. , Cherednichenko T.
Published: February 2019

Improvements direction loop "Specialization reflex" lectures on "The use of acupuncture in gynecology" would help solve at least two problems: the decline of pharmacological burden on patients and thus minimizing possible complications and side effects of pharmacotherapy. On the other hand, the structure used in acupuncture treatment measures will undoubtedly increase the effectiveness of treatment of a wide range of pathological conditions in obstetrics and gynecology. Among the diseases in which treatment RT should take its rightful place, you can specify such as miscarriage, vomiting in pregnancy, preeclampsia, menstrual irregularities, algomenorrhea, endometriosis, premenstrual syndrome, pelvic pain, menopausal syndrome.
The excitotoxic impairment of brain in patients with discirculatory encephalopathyand therapeutic correction
Authors: L. Shevchenko , Bobrova V. , Kalashnik V.
Published: February 2019

In view of the proved fact of influence of excitotoxicity on progressive course of dyscirculatory encephalopa- thy, clinical, neurophysiological investigation of the patients in dynamics of treatment with cytoflavin and cortexin. The positive clinical dynamics and partial normalization of electroencephalographic patterns were found out. Correlation analysis have proved ambiguous connection between clinical signs, focal changes in brain and therapeutic effectiveness. Results of investigation have proved the appropriateness of dyscirculatory encephalopathy therapy with cytoflavin and cortexin with the aim of inhibition of excitotoxicity. Multiplevalued connection between obtained parameters allow to assume the necessity of future investigations on this problem.
Rehabilitation of patients who suffered an ischemic stroke by methods of ozonotherapy, kinesiotherapy, physiotherapy and acupuncture
Authors: Dovguy I. , Svyrydova N.
Published: February 2019

Among the cerebrovascular diseases of the acute cerebrovascular accident, so-called clinical practice, cerebral stroke is characterized by a special gravity of the course and a high percentage of adverse outcome. In the world annually 16 million strokes are registered, the socio-economic significance of the problem is caused, in the considerable disability of patients, the number of which in the world is more than 60 million. Under the influence of the ozone-oxygen mixture in the blood of ozone are formed that move with the flow of blood throughout the body. Much of the ozonides penetrate the brain through the blood-brain barrier, where they provide, first of all, the membrane-stabilizing effect, by improving the structural and functional properties of the lipid layer of the neuronal membranes. Ozone therapy can lower blood glucose levels, so it is important for the prevention of stroke, especially in patients with diabetes, in addition to its effects on cellular metabolism and the stimulation of endogenous mechanisms to combat chronic oxidative stress.
Collaboration as Communication in the Works of W. H. Auden and Benjamin Britten, 1935–1941
Authors: Terry Sarah
Published: February 2019

W. H. Auden and Benjamin Britten's 1941 opera Paul Bunyan marked the most public production of their almost decade-long collaborative relationship. Like the song settings that preceded it, the opera highlights the influence of Britten on Auden's aesthetic regarding musical and literary collaborations. This article argues that the poems Auden dedicated to Britten, and that Britten subsequently set to music, establish collaboration as a form of communication through which Auden challenges Britten to respond to public statements he has made about Britten's sexuality – trying to coerce him to bring private sentiments into the open. Without the Britten material, much of what would be known of Auden's engagement with music would come from the essays he wrote about music in the 1960s, thirty years after this first major musical collaboration. Despite the fact that Auden's own account of the relation between words and music later shifted toward an aesthetic in which words must be subordinate to music, particularly in operatic works, in his work with Britten, Auden explored more fluid and indirect forms of collaboration. In fact, their direct collaborative relationship evolved out of mutual admiration for the products of their initial, indirect collaborations.
Flexible Multi-Beam Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscope for Live Imaging Without Striping Artifacts
Authors: Sancataldo Giuseppe , Gavryusev Vladislav , de Vito Giuseppe , Turrini Lapo , Locatelli Massimiliano , Fornetto Chiara , Tiso Natascia , Vanzi Francesco , Silvestri Ludovico , Pavone Francesco Saverio
Published: February 2019

The development of light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has greatly expanded the experimental capabilities in many biological and biomedical research fields, enabling for example live studies of murine and zebrafish neural activity or of cell growth and division. The key feature of the method is the selective illumination of a sample single plane, providing an intrinsic optical sectioning and allowing direct 2D image recording. On the other hand, this excitation scheme is more affected by absorption or scattering artifacts in comparison to point scanning methods, leading to un-even illumination. We present here an easily implementable method, based on acousto-optical deflectors (AOD), to overcome this obstacle. We report the advantages provided by flexible and fast AODs in generating simultaneous angled multiple beams from a single laser beam and in fast light sheet pivoting and we demonstrate the suppression of illumination artifacts.
Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition
Authors: Momtazi Leva , Sønsteby Henrik H , Nilsen Ola
Published: February 2019

We have constructed thin films of organic–inorganic hybrid character by combining titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) and the nucleobases thymine, uracil or adenine using the molecular layer deposition (MLD) approach. Such materials have potential as bioactive coatings, and the bioactivity of these films is described in our recent work [Momtazi, L.; Dartt, D. A.; Nilsen, O.; Eidet, J. R. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., Part A 2018, 106, 3090–3098. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.36499]. The growth was followed by in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements and all systems exhibited atomic layer deposition (ALD) type of growth. The adenine system has an ALD temperature window between 250 and 300 °C, while an overall reduction in growth rate with increasing temperature was observed for the uracil and thymine systems. The bonding modes of the films have been further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, confirming the hybrid nature of the as-deposited films with an amorphous structure where partial inclusion of the TTIP molecule occurs during growth. The films are highly hydrophilic, while the nucleobases do leach in water providing an amorphous structure mainly of TiO2 with reduced density and index of refraction.
Aufbaugenerationen in der Arbeiterrentenversicherung: Entnazifizierung und personelle Kontinuitäten nach 1945
Authors: Wehner Christoph , Marc von Miquel
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht personalpolitische Umbrüche in der Rentenversicherung nach 1945 im Zuge der alliierten Entnazifizierungspolitik. Am Beispiel der Landesversicherungsanstalten Baden, Westfalen und Württemberg wird zunächst die politische Prägung der zentralen Leitungspersonen in der NS-Zeit vorgestellt, ehe im Anschluss näher auf die Entnazifizierungspolitik in den unterschiedlichen Regionen und die Personalpolitik bei den einzelnen LVAen eingegangen wird. Dabei nimmt der Beitrag insbesondere generationelle Dynamiken in den Blick und zeichnet anhand der in den demokratischen Wiederaufbau involvierten Personen das Bild heterogener „Aufbaugenerationen“.
Abstract
Personnel policy dynamics in pension insurance after 1945 in the context of the Allied denazification policy
The essay focuses on the personnel policy dynamics in pension insurance after 1945 against the background of the Allied denazification policy. Using the example of the Landesversicherungsanstalten Baden, Westfalen and Württemberg, the essay at first examines the political character of the central management staff which is followed by a closer look at the denacification policies in the different regions and the personnel policy at the individual LVAs. In doing so, the article focuses especially on generational dynamics and, by taking the example of central persons involved in the process of democratization, draws the picture of heterogeneous “Aufbaugenerationen”.
The Discus Comet: C/2014 B1 (Schwartz)
Authors: Jewitt David , Kim Yoonyoung , Luu Jane , Graykowski Ariel
Published: February 2019

Long-period comet C/2014 B1 (Schwartz) exhibits a remarkable optical appearance, like that of a discus or bi-convex lens viewed edgewise. Our measurements in the four years since discovery reveal a unique elongated dust coma whose orientation is stable with respect to the projected antisolar and orbital directions. With no tail and no trail, the limited influence of radiation pressure on the dust coma sets a lower limit to the effective particle size ≳100 μm, while the photometry reveals a peak coma scattering cross-section 2.7 × 104 km2 (geometric albedo 0.1 assumed). From the rate of brightening of the comet we infer a dust production rate ≳10 kg s−1 at 10 au heliocentric distance, presumably due to the sublimation of supervolatile ices, and perhaps triggered by the crystallization of amorphous water ice. We consider several models for the origin of the peculiar morphology. The disk-like shape is best explained by equatorial ejection of particles from a nucleus whose spin vector lies near the plane of the sky. In this interpretation, the unique appearance of C/2014 B1 is a result of a near equality between the rotation-assisted nucleus escape speed (∼1–10 m s−1 for a 2–20 km scale nucleus) and the particle ejection velocity, combined with a near-equatorial viewing perspective. To date, most other comets have been studied at heliocentric distances less than half that of C/2014 B1, where their nucleus temperatures, gas fluxes, and dust ejection speeds are much higher. The throttling role of nucleus gravity is correspondingly diminished, so that the disk morphology has not before been observed.
Simulating Gas Inflow at the Disk–Halo Interface
Authors: Melso Nicole , Bryan Greg L. , Li 李 Miao 邈
Published: February 2019

The interaction between inflowing gas clouds and galactic outflows at the interface where the galactic disk transitions into the circumgalactic medium is an important process in galaxy fueling, yet it remains poorly understood. Using a series of tall-box hydrodynamic Enzo simulations, we have studied the interaction between smooth gas inflow and supernovae-driven outflow at the disk–halo interface with parsec-scale resolution. A realistic wind of outflowing material is generated by supernova explosions in the disk, while inflowing gas is injected at the top boundary of the simulation box with an injection velocity ranging from 10 to 100 km s−1. We find that cooling and hydrodynamic instabilities drive the injected gas to fragment into cold (∼103 K) cloud clumps with typical densities of ∼1 cm−3. These clumps initially accelerate before interacting and partially mixing with the outflow and decelerating to velocities in the 50–100 km s−1 range. When the gas clumps hit the disk, 10%–50% of the injected material is able to accrete depending on the injection velocity. Clumps originating from gas injected with a higher initial velocity approach the disk with greater ram pressure, allowing them to penetrate through the disk in low-density regions. We use (equilibrium) Cloudy photoionization models to generate absorption and emission signatures of gas accretion, finding that our mock H i and Hα observables are prominent and generally consistent with measurements in the Milky Way. We do not predict enhanced emission/absorption for higher ionization states such as O vi.
Spatially Resolved X-Ray Spectroscopy of Kepler’s Supernova Remnant: Distinct Properties of the Circumstellar Medium and the Ejecta
Authors: Sun 孫 Lei 磊 , Chen 陳 Yang 陽
Published: February 2019

Kepler’s supernova remnant (SNR) is believed to result from a Type Ia supernova, but to be interacting with dense circumstellar material (CSM), which makes its progenitor system a mystery. Using the Chandra ACIS-S 741 ks effective exposure data and an advanced adaptive binning algorithm, we analyze the spectra from tessellated regions in Kepler’s SNR. For the first time, we map out the detailed spatial distributions of emission measure (EM), electron temperature, ionization parameter, and metal abundances for both the low- and high-temperature plasma components. The low-temperature plasma diverges into two branches in the temperature versus ionization parameter diagram, which appear to be spatially associated with the warm CSM dusts and the Si- and S-rich ejecta, respectively. We construct the probability distribution functions of abundance ratios of O and Mg to L-shell emitting Fe ([O]/[Fe]L and [Mg]/[Fe]L), and fit them with double Gaussians. Thereby, we distinguish the CSM from the ejecta: the CSM is characterized by

and

, while the ejecta by

and

. We estimate the total hydrogen mass of the shocked CSM as ∼1.4 M
⊙ and the EM-weighted mean [Mg]/[O] = 1.14 ± 0.49, which can be reproduced with an asymptotic giant branch donor star with initial mass of ∼4 M
⊙. The abundance ratios from the shocked ejecta are well compatible with the predicted results from spherical delayed-detonation models for Type Ia supernovae. We also find that the two “ears” of the remnant are dominated by Si- and S-rich ejecta, thus favoring a pre-explosion jets scenario.
Elliptical Galaxy in the Making: The Dual Active Galactic Nuclei and Metal-enriched Halo of Mrk 273
Authors: Liu Weizhe , Veilleux Sylvain , Iwasawa Kazushi , Rupke David S. N. , Teng Stacy , U Vivian , Tombesi Francesco , Sanders David , Max Claire E. , Meléndez Marcio
Published: February 2019

A systematic analysis of the X-ray emission from the nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxy Mrk 273 was carried out by combining new 200 ks Chandra data with archived 44 ks data. The active galactic nucleus (AGN) associated with the southwest nucleus is confirmed by the new data, and a secondary hard X-ray (4–8 keV) point source is detected, coincident with the northeast nucleus at a projected distance of 0.75 kpc from the southwest nucleus. The hard X-ray spectrum of the northeast nucleus is consistent with a heavily absorbed AGN, making Mrk 273 another example of a dual AGN in a nearby galaxy merger. Significant 1–3 keV emission is found along the ionization cones and outflowing gas detected in a previous study. The data also map the giant X-ray nebula south of the host galaxy with unprecedented detail. This nebula extends on a scale of ∼40 kpc × 40 kpc and is not closely related to the well-known tidal tail seen in the optical. The X-ray emission of the nebula is best described by a single-temperature gas model, with a temperature of ∼7 million K and a supersolar α/Fe ratio. Further analysis suggests that the southern nebula has most likely been heated and enriched by multiple galactic outflows generated by the AGN and/or circumnuclear starburst in the past, on a timescale of ≲0.1 Gyr, similar to the merger event itself.
Laboratory Photochemistry of Covalently Bonded Fluorene Clusters: Observation of an Interesting PAH Bowl-forming Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Si Yubing , Zhen Junfeng , Chen Tao , Linnartz Harold , Tielens Alexander G. G. M.
Published: February 2019

The fullerene C60, one of the largest molecules identified in the interstellar medium (ISM), has been proposed to form top-down through the photochemical processing of large (more than 60 C atoms) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. In this article, we focus on the opposite process, investigating the possibility that fullerenes form from small PAHs, in which bowl-forming plays a central role. We combine laboratory experiments and quantum chemical calculations to study the formation of larger PAHs from charged fluorene clusters. The experiments show that with visible laser irradiation, the fluorene dimer cation—[C13H9−C13H9]+—and the fluorene trimer cation—[C13H9−C13H8−C13H9]+—undergo photodehydrogenation and photoisomerization, resulting in bowl-structured aromatic cluster ions, C26H12
+ and C39H20
+, respectively. To study the details of this chemical process, we employ quantum chemistry that allows us to determine the structures of the newly formed cluster ions, to calculate the dissociation energies for hydrogen loss, and to derive the underlying reaction pathways. These results demonstrate that smaller PAH clusters (with less than 60 C atoms) can convert to larger bowled geometries that might act as building blocks for fullerenes, because the bowl-forming mechanism greatly facilitates the conversion from dehydrogenated PAHs to cages. Moreover, the bowl-forming induces a permanent dipole moment that—in principle—allows one to search for such species using radio astronomy.
Coecobrya sirindhornae sp. n., the most highly troglomorphic Collembola in Southeast Asia (Collembola, Entomobryidae)
Authors: Jantarit Sopark , Satasook Chutamas , Deharveng Louis
Published: February 2019

The most highly troglomorphic Collembola of Southeast Asia,Coecobryasirindhornaesp. n., is described from a cave in Satun province, Thai Peninsula. It is characterised by its large size, extremely elongated antennae, relatively long legs and furca, reduced macrochaetotaxy, very long and slender claw, pointed tenent hair, four sublobal hairs on outer maxillary lobe, and the absence of eyes and pigmentation. A checklist of ThaiCoecobryaspecies and a key to the troglomorphic species of Thailand are provided. Troglomorphy and conservation of cave habitats in the area are discussed.
Chemical characterization, fatty acid profile and antioxidant activity of Gustavia macarenensis fruit mesocarp and its oil from the Amazonian region of Ecuador as an unconventional source of vegetable oil
Authors: Reyes Mera J. J. , Abreu-Naranjo R. , Alvarez-Suarez J. M. , Viafara D.
Published: February 2019

To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the nutritional characterization, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Amazonian G. macarenensis fruit. The fatty acid profile was determined using a high performance liquid chromatography analysis. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined using Folin Ciocalteu’s method and by radical scavenging activity, respectively. Moreover, a cluster analysis was carried out in order to classify the G. macarenensis fruit oil according to its fatty acid profile. Seven Fisher linear discriminant functions were obtained from the discriminant analysis. These models allow one to classify new fruits on the basis of their fatty acid profile. A high value for total lipids was obtained (53.57%). Its main components were palmitic and oleic acid. The TPC value (156.49 ± 2.62 mg GAE/Kg of oil) obtained from the G. macarenensis fruit pulp oil is higher than what was reported for some olive oil and Brazilian mango oil varieties.