bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of latent HIV under clonal expansion
Authors: Murray John M.
Published: December 2021

The HIV latent reservoir exhibits slow decay on antiretroviral therapy (ART), impacted by homeostatic proliferation and activation. How these processes contribute to the total dynamic while also producing the observed profile of sampled latent clone sizes is unclear. An agent-based model was developed that tracks individual latent clones, incorporating homeostatic proliferation of cells and activation of clones. The model was calibrated to produce observed latent reservoir dynamics as well as observed clonal size profiles. Simulations were compared to previously published latent HIV integration data from 5 adults and 3 children. The model simulations reproduced reservoir dynamics as well as generating residual plasma viremia levels (pVL) consistent with observations on ART. Over 382 Latin Hypercube Sample simulations, the median latent reservoir grew by only 0.3 log10 over the 10 years prior to ART initiation, after which time it decreased with a half-life of 15 years, despite number of clones decreasing at a faster rate. Activation produced a maximum size of genetically intact clones of around one million cells. The individual simulation that best reproduced the sampled clone profile, produced a reservoir that decayed with a 13.9 year half-life and where pVL, produced mainly from proliferation, decayed with a half-life of 10.8 years. These slow decay rates were achieved with mean cell life-spans of only 14.2 months, due to expansion of the reservoir through proliferation and activation. Although the reservoir decayed on ART, a number of clones increased in size more than 4,000-fold. While small sampled clones may have expanded through proliferation, the large sizes exclusively arose from activation. Simulations where homeostatic proliferation contributed more to pVL than activation, produced pVL that was less variable over time and exhibited fewer viral blips. While homeostatic proliferation adds to the latent reservoir, activation can both add and remove latent cells. Latent activation can produce large clones, where these may have been seeded much earlier than when first sampled. Elimination of the reservoir is complicated by expanding clones whose dynamic differ considerably to that of the entire reservoir.
Histone H3 deacetylation promotes host cell viability for efficient infection by Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Eldridge Matthew J. G. , Hamon Mélanie A.
Published: December 2021

For many intracellular bacterial pathogens manipulating host cell survival is essential for maintaining their replicative niche, and is a common strategy used to promote infection. The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is well known to hijack host machinery for its own benefit, such as targeting the host histone H3 for modification by SIRT2. However, by what means this modification benefits infection, as well as the molecular players involved, were unknown. Here we show that SIRT2 activity supports Listeria intracellular survival by maintaining genome integrity and host cell viability. This protective effect is dependent on H3K18 deacetylation, which safeguards the host genome by counteracting infection-induced DNA damage. Mechanistically, infection causes SIRT2 to interact with the nucleic acid binding protein TDP-43 and localise to genomic R-loops, where H3K18 deacetylation occurs. This work highlights novel functions of TDP-43 and R-loops during bacterial infection and identifies the mechanism through which L. monocytogenes co-opts SIRT2 to allow efficient infection.
Comunicar o risco sob o prisma das relações públicas: reflexão preliminar
Authors: Nunes Mariana Miranda , Pereira Sandra
Published: December 2021

A significação do risco não gera consenso, quer junto da comunidade científica, quer entre decisores/reguladores e os media, sem esquecer o público leigo - no limite, a população que se pretende (in)formada e ativamente envolvida no processo de mitigação dos riscos. Urge comungar a noção de risco, aproximando perceções de peritos e leigos. A essa relação de concordância dos níveis de conhecimento, chama-se comunicação do risco. A prática de uma comunicação integrada do risco, estrategicamente direcionada para diferentes níveis de consciência e informação, constitui-se um meio eficaz na compreensão, avaliação e ação sobre os riscos. Tal comunicação aproxima-se do ideal de governança do risco, na qualidade de canal de troca de (in)formações e opiniões entre stakeholders para que convirjam decisões face aos comportamentos a implementar. Neste artigo, a partir do estudo da comunicação de uma autarquia local, traz-se a debate o papel que as Relações Públicas poderão desempenhar na antecipação do risco, bem como na capacitação das partes interessadas numa resposta concertada e atempada às diferentes interpretações dos perigos e incertezas da sociedade atual.
Suomen metsien käytön rajat: Mera-aikakauden skenaariolaskelman tarina
Authors: Nöjd Pekka , Henttonen Helena , Korhonen Kari , Mäkinen Harri
Published: December 2021

Suomen metsävarojen riittävyys herätti huolestuneisuutta 1960-luvun alkupuolella poistuman ylitettyä puuston kasvun useina vuosina. Ryhmä tunnettuja metsäntutkijoita arvioi vuonna 1965, että silloinen puunkäyttö yhdistettynä metsäteollisuuden kaavailemiin laajennusinvestointeihin tulisi aiheuttamaan puuvarojen nopeaa vähenemistä. Ääritapauksessa teollisuuden tarvitseman puuraaka-aineen käyttö olisi laskelmien mukaan edellyttänyt kaikkien 1960-luvun alussa olemassa olleiden metsiköiden uudistamista vuosituhannen vaihteeseen mennessä. Ryhmän skenaarioiden mukaan kehitys olisi ollut käännettävissä vain joko vähentämällä teollista puunkäyttöä tuntu­vasti tai investoimalla voimakkaasti metsien tuotoksen lisäämiseen. Vertaamme tässä artikkelissa ryhmän skenaariolaskelmia valtakunnan metsien inventointien mukaan toteutuneeseen kehitykseen uudistettujen metsäpinta-alojen sekä puuston määrän ja vuotuisen kasvun osalta. Toisin kuin ryhmän skenaariot 1960-luvulla ennakoivat, noin puolet (51 %) Suomen nykymetsien pinta-alasta koostuu ennen vuotta 1964 uudistetuista metsistä. Nykypuuston tilavuudesta niiden osuus on 65 % ja vuotuisesta kasvusta 46 %. Pohdimme kirjoituksessamme syitä sille, miksi toteutunut metsien kehitys poikkesi jyrkästi ennakoidusta, vaikka skenaarioiden oletukset teollisesta puunkäytöstä osoittautuivat varsin realistisiksi. Muu puunkäyttö sen sijaan väheni ja raakapuun tuonti lisääntyi odotettua enemmän. Uudistushakkuille oli tarvetta ennakoitua vähemmän, koska harvennukset yleistyivät ja tuottivat arvioitua enemmän puuta. Valtiovalta myös tuki metsänhoidon tehostamista ja panosti neuvontaorganisaatioihin sekä alan tutkimukseen ja koulutukseen. Seurauksena poistuma ei 1960-luvun jälkeen ylittänyt vuotuista kasvua, ja puuston määrä ja kasvu kääntyivät edelleen jatkuvalle nousu-uralle, mikä mahdollisti aiempaa mittavammat kestävät hakkuut.
Syntaxonomy of secondary communities formed instead of earlier agricultural lands in the middle and south taiga subzones of the European North-East of Russia
Authors: Likhanova Irina A. , Zheleznova Galina V.
Published: December 2021

We have identified the diversity of secondary communities formed instead of earlier agricultural lands (middle and south taiga subzones of the European North-East of Russia). The work describes 8 associations, 2 subassociations of the classes Papaveretea rhoeadis, Artemisietea vulgaris,Epilobietea angustifolii, Molinio–Arrhenatheretea, Vaccinio–Piceetea. 3 associations (Urtico dioicae–Chamaenerietum angustifolii, Centaureo phrygiae–Dactyletum glomeratae, Deschampsio cespitosae–Salicetum capreae), 1 subassociation (Galeopsietum bifidae galeopsietosum speciosae)were fixed for the first time. We noted a replacement of segetal communities (subass. Galeopsietum bifidae galeopsietosum speciosae) by meadow communities (аss. Centaureo phrygiae–Dactyletum glomeratae) through the domination stage of Cirsium setosum and Elytrigia repens (аss. Cirsio setosi–Elytrigietum repentis). Favorable conditions for development of woody plants (small size of study area, its close position to forest ecosystems, poorly sodded soil) respond for replacement of meadow succession stage by young woody plants towards the second decade of succession. Earlier agricultural lands are an appropriated place for formation of birch forests with a well-developed undergrowth of Salix caprea and herb layer of meadow and forest edge plants (аss. Deschampsio cespitosae–Salicetum capreae). Big-size study areas with a well-formed grass stand are dominated by meadow communities towards the second succession decade even in case of no haying. The highly competitive nitrophytes as Heracleum sosnowskyi, Chamaenerion angustifolium, Anthriscus sylvestris form the following communities as аss. Urtico dioicae–Heracleetum sosnowskyi, аss. Urtico dioicae–Chamaenerietum angustifolii, аss. Symphyto officinalis–Anthriscetum sylvestris. Being highly competitive, these species lead to degradation of first-formed meadow communities.
Stadiochilus R. M. Sm. (Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae), a new generic record for India
Authors: Roy Dilip Kumar , Lytan Rikertre , Biate David Lalsama , Odyuo Nripemo
Published: December 2021

The monotypic ginger genus Stadiochilus R. M. Sm. with S. burmanicus R. M. Sm. earlier known from Myanmar is reported here as a new record for India from the state of Nagaland. A detailed taxonomic description along with photographic illustrations of S. burmanicus is given. For conservation purposes, the IUCN status of this species has been evaluated as Endangered. The present field study ascertained that extraction of timber and non-timber forest products, forest fires and shifting cultivation are the major threats to the species in the locality in Nagaland reported here.
Notes on Potentilla (Rosaceae) of Altai. 9. A new species from Kuraisky Ridge
Authors: Kechaykin Aleksey A. , Shmakov Alexander I. , Müller Frank , Skaptsov Michail V. , Vaganov Aleksey V. , Pankratov Sergey Yu. , Anisimov Andrey V. , Batkin Alexander A. , Smirnov Sergey V. , Kutsev Maxim G.
Published: December 2021

Based on morphological characters, a new species Potentilla friesenii collected from alpine belt of Kuraisky Ridge (Altai Mts.) is described. The novelty belongs to Potentilla sect. Chrysanthae; it is most closely related to P. asiatica but differs from the latter by styles not or somewhat widened and smooth to slightly verrucose (vs. always somewhat widened and strongly verrucose) at base as well as the presence of numerous violet glands on sepals. Stability of these differences are confirmed by several years of observation in the wild and in introduction. Illustration of the new species, image of its type specimen, and distribution map are adduced; the area of P. asiatica within Altai Mts. is also presented. A novel morphological feature separating P. asiatica and P. chrysantha is found: staminal ring in P. asiatica (as well as in the new species) is dark violet while it is pale in P. chrysantha. The name P. asiatica is lectotypified.
Patrimônio como cenário: ¿Dubrovnik ou porto real?
Authors: Durán Rocca Luisa , De Oliveira Alexandra Assunção Silva
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho estuda os efeitos do uso do patrimônio cultural de cidades históricas como cenários de produtos de mídia. Apresenta-se o caso da Cidade Velha de Dubrovnik (Croácia), inscrita na Lista de Patrimônio Mundial da UNESCO em 1979 por representar uma obra-prima da humanidade. Este reconhecimento trouxe prestígio e divulgação em âmbito internacional, ampliando o interesse turístico. Recentemente, a Cidade Velha vem sendo afetada pelo impacto do turismo de massa, gerado por ter sido escolhida como locação da série “Game of Thrones” (2011-2019). Com a realização do seriado, o número de visitantes cresceu e continua crescendo, colocando em risco os valores patrimoniais do local. Constata-se que, embora os componentes materiais da Cidade Velha apresentem condições aceitáveis, as atividades decorrentes da visitação em massa constituem fatores de degradação que alteram a paisagem urbana. Conclui-se que além de uma eficiente gestão para disciplinar a visitação e da implementação de programas de conservação, também são necessárias ações de interpretação e educação patrimonial que conciliem a relação entre moradores e turistas e recuperem o equilíbrio entre a autenticidade do lugar e as expectativas dos visitantes.
A indisciplina escolar na imprensa: O jornal Público entre 2011 e 2015
Authors: Carita Ana , Teodoro Vítor Duarte
Published: December 2021

Neste estudo de caso analisa-se a abordagem do Jornal Público ao tema da indisciplina nas escolas entre 2011 e 2015. Pretendeu-se desvendar o conteúdo da representação mediática da indisciplina e a natureza das práticas redatoriais, colocando-se questões sobre formato, relevo, autoria e fontes do material, e sobre o enquadramento do tema. Sobre o discurso mediático afirmaram-se expetativas de baixo acesso de professores e alunos ao mesmo (H1), e de uma abordagem multidimensional da indisciplina (H2), ainda que baseada num argumentário mais superficial que profundo (H3). Pesquisaram-se cerca de 1800 edições do jornal, utilizando-se a palavra-chave indisciplina, na proximidade da palavra escola, de que resultaram 82 entradas; apenas em 13 destas a indisciplina se mostrou assunto relevante (notícias e crónicas). Os resultados da análise transversal do material indicam: (a) representação mediática da indisciplina como fenómeno preocupante pela sua frequência, consequências e regulação, embora com pouco eco no jornal; (b) como esperado, pouca presença da voz de professores e famílias e ausência dos alunos (H1); (c) recurso a uma abordagem mais multifacetada, e menos superficial e mais crítica de algumas políticas do que se poderia esperar. Porém, a consideração de cada notícia per si não aconselha uma conclusão categórica nem sobre a confirmação da H2, nem sobre a infirmação da H3, afirmativas da multidimensionalidade, mas superficialidade, no enquadramento do tema. Destaque-se a necessidade de combate cívico para o alargamento da presença, na imprensa escrita, da perspetiva dos professores e dos alunos, de modo a contribuírem para uma narrativa mais plural duma situação de que são os mais próximos envolvidos e conhecedores.
KI-Systeme gestalten und erfahren
Authors: Humm Bernhard G. , Lingner Stephan , Schmidt Jan C. , Wendland Karsten
Published: December 2021

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ist derzeit in Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Wissenschaft präsent. Aufgabe der Technikfolgenabschätzung ist es, öffentliche Erwartungen und Befürchtungen in sachliche, realistische Perspektiven zu transformieren sowie Impulse für eine wünschenswerte Gestaltung von KI zu geben.
EPTA und die Pandemie
Authors: Nentwich Michael
Published: December 2021

.
Editorial
Authors: Editors
Published: December 2021

Editorial
Wishful Thinking; the Role and Development of Good Faith in the Roman Law of Contracts
Authors: Thomas Philip
Published: December 2021

The paper outlines the theoretical achievements of the work of the Dutch historian Jan Romein and the legal historian and romanist Hoetink, which have become common wisdom in time. However, application of new insights into historical narratives has often been hesitant because of the “anything goes” mentality. This paper approaches one of Roman law’s holy cows, namely the role and development of good faith in the Roman law of contracts and questions whether a move from historical interpretation to legal history may provide another narrative.
Římskoprávní kořeny zákonodárství krále Kentu Æthelberhta
Authors: Šmejkalová Marie
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the Æthelberht’s Law Code from the beginning of the seventh century as it aims to analyse Roman law roots of Æthelberht’s legislation. A wide range of primary and secondary sources (both domestic and foreign) is used for the analysis. The introductory part of the paper provides broader historical context with an emphasis on king Æthelberht himself as well as on a description of his law code. Furthermore, the work analyses the Roman law roots of the Code by not only using The Digest of Justinian, The Institutes of Justinian but also the first known written source of Roman law – Lex Duodecim Tabularum. Additionally, a comparison of Frankish Lex Salica and Æthelberht’s Code is presented. The author aims to prove that the Anglo-Saxon law codes were, in fact, influenced by the Roman law.
In memoriam Michael Stolleis
Authors: Skřejpková Petra
Published: December 2021

Obituary on Michael Stolleis
The role of change in AJET in 2021: reflections, bibliometrics, and future plans
Authors: Corrin Linda , Hwang Gwo-Jen , Lodge Jason M. , Thompson Kate
Published: December 2021

The end of 2021 marks the first anniversary of the new AJET Lead Editor Team. In this editorial we explore the role of change in the past two years of educational technology in tertiary education, and what this has meant for AJET. We also present the bibliometrics for the year, a summary of what was published in AJET in 2021, and what we have learnt as the new lead editor team. We conclude with a look at what is next for AJET as we move into 2022 and a thank you to all the important people who make AJET a success.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced septic cardiac injury in a murine model
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wen Kun , Zhang Zhiqiang , Ma Chengen , Zheng Ni
Published: December 2021

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) is a polyphenol found in olive oil. The present study evaluated the protective role of DOPET on LPS provoked septic cardiac injury in a murine model. Four groups were used in the study (n = 3): control, LPS, DOPET alone, and DOPET + LPS. LPS (15 mg/kg; i.p.); they were used to induce cardiac sepsis. The cardiac markers like LDH, CK-MB, and troponin-T, as well as inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in the serum. The antioxidants and oxidative stress parameters were measured in cardiac tissues. RT-PCR and western blot methods were done to evaluate the expression of inflammatory mediators and apoptotic markers. DOPET significantly decreased the cardiac markers (LDH, CK-MB, and troponin-T) and TNF-α and IL-6 level in the serum. DOPET effectively reduced the levels of MDA and NO in LPS intoxicated rats. DOPET also increased the levels of antioxidants like SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH in LPS intoxicated rats. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB were significantly downregulated by DOPET in cardiac tissues of LPS rats. The protein expression of Bcl-2 was upregulated, and Bax and caspase-3 were downregulated by DOPET. DOPET effectively attenuates LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
Investigating the properties and performance of 3A molecular sieves as an adsorbent to prevent coke formation in olefin dehydration process
Authors: Moslempour Zoya , Sadighi Sepehr , Dashti Ali , Ahmadpour Ali
Published: December 2021

To study the affinity of 3A aluminosilicate adsorbents to prevent oligomerization of olefin molecules and forming green oil, physical and chemical properties of 3A molecular sieves are measured by using characterization techniques such as temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), nitrogen (N2) and water adsorptions, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), crushing strength, and carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption. Moreover, coke formation affinities of the understudy adsorbents are evaluated in a bench-scale system using 1-butene and 1,3-butadiene at temperatures of 220 and 260 °C, and outcomes are validated against the actual data gathered from an industrial scale olefin dehydration plant. Results confirm that the type of binder and the amount of ion exchange affect the performance of a 3A molecular sieve nominated for dehydrating olefinic streams. The binder with the least amount of acidity is preferred, and at least 35% of Na ions of the 4A zeolite should be exchanged with K ions to make it applicable for synthesizing an appropriate 3A molecular sieve. Furthermore, to control the oligomerization and inhibit green oil formation, the CO2 adsorption and acidity of Trisiv shape molecular sieves with the sizes of 1/4 inch should be less than 0.5 wt % and 1.7 mmol NH3/g, respectively. For extrudate shape with the sizes of 1/16 inch CO2 adsorption and acidity should be less than 0.2 wt % and 2.2 mmol NH3/g, respectively.
Patriarchy as Institutional
Authors: Brännmark Johan
Published: December 2021

In consideringpatriarchyas potentially institutional and as a characteristic also of contemporary Western societies, a fundamental issue concerns how to make sense of largely informal institutions to begin with. Traditional accounts of institutions have often focused on formalized ones. It is argued here, however, that the principal idea behind one commonly accepted conception of institutions can be developed in a way that better facilitates an explication of informal institutions. When applied to the phenomenon of patriarchy, such an approach can then also allow us to ontologically make sense of gray areas and hierarchies of authority, as well as the intersectionality of social positions.
Students’ Perceptions on Cataloging Course
Authors: Kyprianos Konstantinos , Efthymiou Foteini , Kouis Dimitrios
Published: December 2021

Cataloging and metadata description is one of the major competencies that a trainee cataloger must conquer. According to recent research results, library and information studies students experience difficulties understanding the theory, the terminology, and the tools necessary for cataloging. The experimental application of teaching models which derive from predominant learning theories, such as behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism, may help in detecting the difficulties of a cataloging course and in suggesting efficient solutions. This paper presents in detail three teaching models applied for a cataloging course and investigates their effectiveness, based on a survey of 126 first-year students. The survey employed the Kirkpatrick model aiming to record undergraduate students’ perceptions and feelings about cataloging. The results revealed that, although a positive change in students’ behavior towards cataloging has been achieved, they still do not feel very confident about the skills they have acquired. Moreover, students felt that practicing cataloging more frequently will eliminate their difficulties. Finally, they emphasized the need for face to face courses, as the survey took place in the coronavirus pandemic, during which the courses were held via distance learning.
Neurobiology of phenotypic plasticity in the light of climate change
Authors: Weiss Linda C.
Published: December 2021

Phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of an organism with a given genotype to respond to changing environmental conditions through the adaptation of the phenotype. Phenotypic plasticity is a widespread means of adaptation, allowing organisms to optimize fitness levels in changing environments. A core prerequisite for adaptive predictive plasticity is the existence of reliable cues, i.e. accurate environmental information about future selection on the expressed plastic phenotype. Furthermore, organisms need the capacity to detect and interpret such cues, relying on specific sensory signalling and neuronal cascades. Subsequent neurohormonal changes lead to the transformation of phenotype A into phenotype B. Each of these activities is critical for survival. Consequently, anything that could impair an animal’s ability to perceive important chemical information could have significant ecological ramifications. Climate change and other human stressors can act on individual or all of the components of this signalling cascade. In consequence, organisms could lose their adaptive potential, or in the worst case, even become maladapted. Therefore, it is key to understand the sensory systems, the neurobiology and the physiological adaptations that mediate organisms’ interactions with their environment. It is, thus, pivotal to predict the ecosystem-wide effects of global human forcing. This review summarizes current insights on how climate change affects phenotypic plasticity, focussing on how associated stressors change the signalling agents, the sensory systems, receptor responses and neuronal signalling cascades, thereby, impairing phenotypic adaptations.
“New Kids on the Block?” Reappraising Pottery Styles, aDNA, and Chronology from Western Iberia Early Neolithic
Authors: Diniz Mariana
Published: December 2021

Western Iberia Early Neolithic has been described as an ultimate and very altered form of the Mediterranean Neolithisation process. Despite its Atlantic position, this territory – corresponding mainly to Central/Southern Portugal – is, in its physical and cultural geography, a Mediterranean landscape deeply connected to a historical process arriving from beyond the Strait of Gibraltar. The presence of cardial pottery led archaeologists to ascribe Portuguese Early Neolithic to a Mediterranean impressed Pottery cultural area, and according to demic diffusion models, small pioneer groups carrying the Neolithic package originated there. Recently, the archaeological record for the Western Mediterranean Neolithisation is becoming more complex and longer lasting cardial dominance over the seas has been disputed. Previous Neolithic groups seafaring the Mediterranean coasts with Impressa style pottery could have reached Iberian Peninsula by 5600–5400 cal BC, proving that by the mid-sixth millennium, different cultural entities were moving in the Western Mediterranean regardless of their genetic features. The main goal of this study is to disclose this cultural diversity in Western Iberia using a robust chronological database and debating how different proxies, like pottery styles and ancient DNA (aDNA), reveal it in Western Iberia. While recognising the Mediterranean input to Western Iberia groups, mapping the variability and the significance of different decoration techniques, such as cardial, false acacia leaf, impressed stripes, and using the aDNA to identify continuities/changes in ancient populations are here as tools to understand when, who, and how new kids came to the block. To do so, different disciplinary boundaries are crossed, and some transdisciplinary critical aspects are also commented.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene Ala365Thr mutation in an Iraqi family with confusing clinical differences
Authors: Ardicoglu Akisin Yasemin , Arslan Zafer , Ceylaner Serdar , Akar Nejat
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has role in the Embden Meyerhof road. Any loss of its function causes NADPH to cease, leaving erythrocytes susceptible to oxidative damage resulting in acute hemolytic anemia attacks secondary to drugs or infection and favism. Because of X-linked recessive inheritance males are mainly affected. Being heterozygous, females have less severe clinical presentation.

Case presentation

G6PD deficiency was suspected in a six-year-old girl from an Iraqi family with a history of yellowing of skin and darkening of urine after eating broad beans. Besides the patient, G6PD levels were found low in the father and in two sisters who showed no symptoms. The father was found hemizygous and the three sisters were found heterozygous for NM_000402.4c.1093G>A(p.A365T)(6.Ala365Thr) mutation while the mother was normal.

Conclusions

G6PD enzyme deficiency can be seen in both genders, and it may be presented with different clinical manifestations even within the people having the same mutation.
Risk Assessment of Hemodynamically Significant Arrhythmias after Elective Cardiac Operations with Cardiopulmonary Bypass Using the Modified Nomogram (Retrospective Study)
Authors: Berikashvili L. B. , Yadgarov M. Ya. , Gerasimenko O. N. , Koger D. D. , Kadantseva K. K. , Likhvantsev V. V.
Published: December 2021

Aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a modified nomogram (the M nomogram) to predict the occurrence of new postoperative hemodynamically significant arrhythmias after elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass within 30 days post operation.Materials and methods. This was a retrospective cohort study. The prognostic value of the model using ROC-analysis of the modified nomogram was estimated based on the medical records of 144 patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.Results. The incidence of new postoperative hemodynamically significant arrhythmias was 13.9% (20 of 144 patients). For the modified nomogram, the AUC was 0.777 [95% CI: 0.661–0.892] (P<0.001); at a cutoff of 12 points, the sensitivity was 60.0% and specificity was 89.52%. The odds ratio was 10.26 (95% CI: 3.63–29.06) (P<0.001). Conclusion. The modified nomogram has an acceptable prognostic value for the occurrence of new hemodynamically significant arrhythmias after elective cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass based on AUC 0.777 [0.661–0.892] (P<0.001), and is currently the best model for predicting the outcome.
The Effects of Different Pressure Pneumoperitoneum on the Pulmonary Mechanics and Surgical Satisfaction in the Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Küçüköztaş B. , İyilikçi L. , Ozbilgin S. , Ozbilgin M. , Ünek T. , Ellidokuz H.
Published: December 2021

Objectives. Inspiratory, hemodynamic and metabolic changes occur in laparoscopic surgery depending on pneumoperitoneum and patient position. This study aims to evaluate the effects of intra-abdominal pressure increase based on CO2 pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic operations on hemodynamic parameters and respiratory dynamics and satisfaction of surgeon and operative view.Materials and Methods. A total of 116 consecutive, prospective, ASA class I–III cases aged 18–70 years undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this study. Data of 104 patients were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups as the group Low Pressure (<12 mmHg) (Group LP) (n=53) and the group Standard Pressure (>13 mmHg) (Group SP) (n=51). In this study administration of general anesthesia used total intravenous anaesthesia in both groups. All groups had standard and TOF monitorization applied. The anaesthesia methods used in both groups were recorded. Before, during and after peritoneal insufflation, the peroperative ventilation parameters and hemodynamic parameters were recorded. The adequacy of pneumoperitoneum, gastric and the operative view were evaluated by the operating surgeon and recorded.Results. The peripheral oxygen saturation showed no significant difference between the low and standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in view of tidal volume, respiratory rate, end tidal CO2, mean and peak inspiratory pressure, and minute ventilation values. In terms of hemodynamics, when values just after intubation and before extubation were compared, it was observed that in the LP group systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure values were higher. In terms of heart rate, no significant difference was observed in determined periods between groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of surgical satisfaction and vision.Conclusion. Low pressure pneumoperitoneum provides effective respiratory mechanics and stable hemodynamics for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. It also provides the surgeon with sufficient space for hand manipulations. Anaesthetic method, TIVA and neuromuscular blockage provided good surgery vision with low pressure pneumoperitoneum.
Relations between Spectrum Curves of Discrete Sturm-Liouville Problem with Nonlocal Boundary Conditions and Graph Theory. II
Authors: Vitkauskas Jonas , Štikonas Artūras
Published: December 2021

In this paper, relations between discrete Sturm--Liouville problem with nonlocal integral boundary condition characteristics (poles, critical points, spectrum curves) and graphs characteristics (vertices, edges and faces) were found. The previous article was devoted to the Sturm--Liouville problem in the case two-points nonlocal boundary conditions.
Limit theorems for Floyd's triangle: a new approach to not a new problem
Authors: Belovas Igoris
Published: December 2021

Floyd's triangle is often presented to computer science students as an exercise or example to illustrate the concepts of text formatting and loop constructs. The paper proposes to look at an object from a different angle and to examine limit theorems for the numbers of generalized Floyd's triangles. Tasks of this type can be used as exercises in study programs of mathematics and informatics (couses of probability theory and combinatorics). It would help to master the appropriate proof techniques and mathematical apparatus. The article proposes a series of possible problems and their proof schemes.
Possibilities of integrating mathematics and arts in distance education
Authors: Elijio Aistė , Goberytė-Meškauskienė Agnė
Published: December 2021

In the context of the world health crisis, distance learning which before that was rarely used in Lithuania became practically universal, causing a number of challenges. Trying to respond to some of them, we started exploring possible advantages of between-subject integration in more effectively using on-line time and increasing interest and motivation of students. The article deals with integrating mathematics and arts in distance learning in basic school. Integrated lesson was created for grade 9, and its results and student reflection showed possibilities presented by such type of education.
Palindromes in the school
Authors: Mačys Juozas Juvencijus
Published: December 2021

Various palindromes are considered: words, sentences, numbers, polynomials. The topic could be offered as interdisciplinary theme for high school.
Potential of palm oil-based agro-diesel in Butembo region in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Masika Mutani Marjolaine , Vikanza Paul Katembo , Kataliko Richard Katembo , Musavandalo Galilee Kambale
Published: December 2021

Oil dependence is one of the major global energy problems exacerbating impoverishment in developing countries and especially in rural areas. This study aims to highlight the observation of this dependence for the Butembo region and envisages measures to reduce it by developing a potentially profitable sector, a hapax opportunity for the economic development of the peasantry. It deals with the use of a non-rare energy, palm oil as an alternative to diesel. With this in mind, investigations have been conducted. They took us first to the customs institutions (DGDA) to raise the import share of diesel, then to facilities that have already experimented with palm oil as a fuel and finally to large consumers of diesel in the region (industrial, fuel pumping stations and other factories) to collect their opinions on agro- energy. From the investigations carried out, it appears that in the Butembo region the import of diesel takes a heavy price annually which overlaps 40,000,000 $US for the last three years (2015-2017). The opinions of the respondents contribute to a consensus. They believe that palm oil-based agro-energy is a necessity in the region. However, this process requires technical, environmental and socio-economic prerequisites. At the technical level, the technological package must first be fully mastered and controlled to avoid the setbacks already experienced in the region. In terms of the environment, the extension of the palm grove to support agro-energy will have to be done with all caution, avoiding the generalized deforestation of forest massifs that are shrinking at the margins of the region. Similarly, this development will have to avoid producing the opposite effect of the expected results, which would consist in blocking the rise of the peasantry by large agricultural firms that crush the small family farming that is vital for the people in the study region. Well conducted, this process of adoption of agro-energy in the Butembo region can keep its promises. It raises many hopes, only preconditions remain the big challenges
DIFFERENT FEATURES OF CHANGES IN CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS DURING EARLY RECOVERY AFTER DIFFERENT EXERCISE REGIMES
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physioligy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bakunovsky O.M. ,   National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lukyantseva H.V. ,   National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Malyuga S.S. ,   National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kotlyarenko L.T. ,   Cherniakhovskyi National Defence University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

We studied the changes in central hemodynamics in the early recovery period after physical load in 28 young men. Dynamic loading was induced using a modified Martine functional test, static loading - by maintaining on the standing dynamometer DS-200 muscle effort in the amount of 50% of maximum standing force. The change in central hemodynamic para- meters was recorded by tetrapolar thoracic impedance rheo- plethysmogram using a computerized diagnostic complex «Cardio +». Dynamic exercise during early recovery did not lead to a significant increase in heart rate, however, it caused a decrease in the resistance of resistive blood vessels and an increase in pulse blood pressure. The increase in minute blood volume in our study is mainly due to an increase in stroke volume, pointing for high functional reserves of the heart. In the case of static physical activity, the adaptive reactions of central hemodynamics and the course of the processes of early recovery of the circulatory system are radically different from similar indicators during dynamic physical activity. In subjects with a normodynamic type of response of the cardiovascular system to dynamic load, no significant changes in the minute volume of blood flow were registered at a similar volume of active muscle mass static load. In subjects with a normodynamic type of cardiovascular response to dynamic load, no significant changes in cardiac output were observed at a similar static load in terms of active muscle mass. However, during early recovery period, the total peripheral vascular resistance and systolic arterial pressure were increased. The increase in total peripheral resistance may be due to reactive hyperemia in ischemic skeletal muscle caused by increased blood flow to the capillaries after muscle relaxation and delayed outflow into the veins. The significant increase in systolic blood pressure can be explained by the mechanical obstruction of blood flow in the muscle capillaries during prolonged static contraction.
FEATURES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE FORMATION TO THERMAL TRAUMA
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lynnyk O.M. ,   Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Osadcha O.I. ,   Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kozynets H.P. ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine,   Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yanchiy I.R. ,   Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shmatova O.O. ,   Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Boiarska G.M. ,   Institute of Haematology and Transfusiology of NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

To study the effect of thermal trauma on the immune response formation, 43 patients aged 16 to 58 with body surface area of burns 20-60% were examined. The neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) and monocytes functional activity, the content of myeloperoxidase and substances with a positive reaction to Schiff’s periodic acid (PAS- stained substances), the cytokines content were determined: interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL- 6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Thermal damage caused changes in the immune response, which were characterized by a pro-inflammatory phase in which innate immunity cells (neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes) acquired high functional activity, producing a higher content of proinflammatory cytokines. On the 2-3rd day after the burn injury in the peripheral blood, the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) content was 133.5 ± 21.1 pg/ml, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) content was 265 ± 115.5 pg/ml, which exceeded the reference values by 5.1 and 10.9 times, respectively. The content of IL-6 on the 2-3rd day was 85.30 ± 13.10 pg/ml. Also a concomitant syndrome of compensatory anti-inflammatory response developed with increasing production of anti-inflammatory IL-4: on the 2-3rd day after burn injury, its content was 268.5 pg/ml, exceeding the reference values by 8.2 times. The content of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was decreased. This suggests that anti-inflammatory cytokines do not compensate for the high content of pro-inflammatory factors. On the 7th-8th day after the burn injury, there was a tendency to further increase the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL- 1β and TNF-α to 148.0 ± 27.0, and 281.2 ± 146.7 pg/ml, respectively, while the content of IL-6 on the 7-8th day was 131.0 ± 11.1 pg/ml, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased slightly, and the content of IL-4 decreased. These changes in the early period of burn disease dynamics, as well as reduced activity of myeloperoxidase and PAS- stained substances NG, point for a functional deficiency of NG, reduced enzymatic activity and cells energy resources decompensation. These changes could clinically lead to SIRS progression and multiorgan dysfunction.
Optical control of the interface between gold surface and blood cell samples
Authors:   V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, Shirshov Yu. M.
Published: December 2021

The optical properties of blood (spectra of the extinction coefficient, k, refractive index, n, etc.) carry important diagnostic information and are usually monitored using bulk samples. In this work, attention is drawn to the interface between the blood volume and the surface of glass or thin gold films on it, where the refractive index may differ from the bulk one. We draw attention to the relationship between two effects – SPR and TIR. It is shown that if the named effects are measured for two different external media 0 and 1 with different refractive indices, then the values of the angles SPR and TIR will be linearly related by the empirical formula SPR1=SPR0+TIR1- TIR0)*K, where the coefficient K depends on the thickness of the transition layer di between the surface and the volume of the liquid medium (suspension). Numerical calculation of K (di) for gold films shows that K = 1.6 at di = 0 and monotonically decreases to 0.01 with an increase in di to 300 nm (and further to 0). Measurement of the angular dependences of reflection, R(), on (1) 100% hematocrit blood samples, (2) hemolyzed samples and (3) washed erythrocytes with dilutions with a buffer solution. It was shown that all samples exhibit a minimum SPR, but the TIR angle can be measured only for blood samples with destroyed membranes (hemolyzed), buffer solution and plasma. The n-value for hemolyzed blood is 1.3505, which is indicative of a low hemoglobin content in the sample. At the same time, di for a sample of 100% hematocrit was 60-105 nm, which indicates a strong deformation of erythrocytes in the form of polyhedrocytes and their dense packing after centrifugation. Washing the cells with a buffer increases di to 280 nm and more and practically eliminates blood cells from the SPR sensitivity region. The reason for this may be that in the blood of 100% hematocrit, erythrocytes are in the form of polyhedrocytes tightly adhering to the gold surface, while as a result of washing and diluting with a buffer solution, the cells relax back into discocytes. As a result, the containing hemoglobin erythrocyte cytoplasm moves away from the surface at a distance di> 300 nm into the suspension volume and leaves the area of the enhanced plasmon-polariton field.
Асиметричний органокаталіз — новітня стратегія конструювання хіральних молекул для сучасної техніки, технології та медицини
Authors: Вовк Михайло Володимирович
Published: December 2021

В короткій оглядовій статті відображено ключові аспекти формування та розвитку впродовж останніх 20 років асиметричного органокаталізу як нового потужного інструменту для конструювання хіральних органічних молекул. Відзначено роль творців стратегії асиметричного органокаталізу — Беньяміна Ліста і Девіда Макміллана, яких у 2021 р. було удостоєно Нобелівської премії з хімії. Розкрито принципові переваги органокаталітичної методології порівняно з іншими методами асиметричного синтезу. Проаналізовано найтиповіші способи активації асиметричних органокаталізаторів та описано нові напрями їх використання. Особливу увагу приділено результатам досліджень вітчизняних науковців у галузі асиметричного органокаталізу.
Maduración en poscosecha de frutos de aguacate cultivares Hass y Méndez tratados con etefón
Authors: Rosas Flores Nallely , Saucedo Veloz Crescenciano , Saucedo Reyes Daniela , López Jiménez Alfredo , Valle Guadarrama Salvador , Ramírez Guzmán Martha Elva , Chávez Franco Sergio Humberto
Published: December 2021

Un problema en poscosecha de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) es la heterogeneidad en la maduración de los frutos, debido a diferencias en el momento de amarre y la incapacidad para madurar en el árbol, situación que provoca inconsistencias en la calidad y diferencias en la respuesta a tecnologías de conservación y procesamiento.  En poscosecha, la aplicación de gas etileno en cámaras herméticas se ha utilizado para adelantar la maduración; sin embargo, se ha propuesto como alternativa el uso de liberadores de etileno en forma líquida (etefón), principalmente para el tratamiento de bajos volúmenes de fruta.  El presente trabajo fue realizado en la zona productora de Salvador Escalante (Michoacán, México) con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de dos concentraciones de etefón en el tiempo y homogeneización de la maduración de frutos de los cultivares (cv.) de aguacate Hass y Méndez.  Se cosecharon frutos con 23.4% (cv. Hass) y 24% (cv. Méndez) de materia seca; un grupo se sumergió en una solución de etefón 500 mg/l y otro, en 1000 mg/l, ambos durante 5 minutos; los frutos tratados, más un control fueron almacenados a 20 °C por 11 días.  Se evaluaron cambios en la respiración, producción de etileno, pérdidas de peso, firmeza, color en epicarpio y en pulpa, concentración de fenoles totales, clorofila y carotenoides totales.  Los resultados mostraron que las dosis de etefón de 1000 mg/l en cv. Hass y de 500 mg/l en cv. Méndez presentaron un proceso de maduración 2 días más temprano que el control.