bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bloqueo del transverso abdominal vs vaina del recto abdominal guiado por ultrasonido en cadáveres caninos
Authors: Caraguay Sinche Bryan Alexander , Segnini Herrera Gilberto Enrique , Bautista Tenicela Jessica Paola
Published: November 2022

Introducción. Bloqueos nerviosos eco guiados es una herramienta de anestesia regional que es de suma importancia dentro de la práctica clínico y quirúrgica veterinaria de actualidad, la misma busca desensibilizar determinadas secciones del organismo animal de acuerdo con conveniencia y criterio evaluados por el médico practicante mediante el uso de anestésicos locales. Además de desensibilizar los mismo aportan analgesia y reducen la demanda anestésica de los pacientes en mención. TAP (Bloqueo Tranverso Abdominal) y RSB (Bloqueo Vaina del Recto Abdominal) son dos de estas técnicas que buscan desensibilizar zona abdominal del organismo animal. Objetivo. Comparar bloqueo del transverso abdominal vs vaina del recto abdominal guiado por ultrasonido en cadáveres caninos. Metodología. En el presente trabajo se comparó dichas técnicas en 8 modelos biológicos no vivos (cadáveres caninos), 16 paredes hemiabdominales en pacientes fallecidos por causas naturales y sin compromiso traumático de pared abdominal en el HDEV USFQ durante el periodo mayo-junio 2022. Se realizó la aplicación de anestésico local más colorante azul de metileno en cantidad (0,30 ml/kg de peso) una técnica de bloqueo en cada pared hemiabdominal para luego de transcurrido 30 minutos del bloqueo realizar la disección del paciente e inspeccionar el área de distribución anestésica. Resultados. Al no contar con pacientes del mismo tamaño y peso, se uniformizó la muestra mediante el cálculo de logaritmo de área concluyendo que logaritmo de área de bloqueo TAP fue superior a logaritmo de área de bloqueo RSB (P < 0,05). Conclusiones. Por ende, se asume que Bloqueo TAP cubre un área de diseminación anestésica mayor que su similar RSB.
Evaluación temporal del material particulado PM2.5 y PM10 en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito – Ecuador
Authors: Verdezoto Mendoza Franz Patricio , Muyulema Allaica Juan Carlos , Cuba Torre Héctor Ricardo , Serrano Castro Anita Karina
Published: November 2022

Introducción. El material particulado se constituye en uno de los criterios más transcendentales al momento de evaluar la contaminación del aire, debido a la gran diversidad de fuentes que lo pueden producir y a los efectos que tiene sobre la salud. Objetivo. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar el material particulado PM2.5 y PM10, en la temporalidad horario, mensual, estacional y anual y la correlación con las variables meteorológicas en la zona del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito-Ecuador, en el periodo 2013-2020. Metodología. La base de datos y variables meteorológicas se obtuvieron de dos estaciones de monitoreo, Belisario y Carapungo, que están distribuidas en la zona de estudio. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio y correlación simple para 65718 datos de PM2.5 en Belisario, 66191 datos para PM2.5 en Carapungo y 61152 datos de PM10 en Carapungo. Resultados.  Los resultados evidencian que la estación de Carapungo presenta mayor concentración de material particulado respecto a la estación Belisario. La relación PM2.5/PM10 de la estación Carapungo es de 0.41 de material fino anisotrópico, que comparados con algunas ciudades como Perú, Colombia, México y Chile es similar. Respecto a las correlaciones el PM2.5 y PM10 presentan una correlación significativa con la temperatura, humedad relativa, dirección del viento y precipitación, pero difieren en las dos estaciones. Conclusiones. Se concluye que el material particulado PM2.5 y PM10 en el área analizada no depende de factores climáticos, sino más bien, puede deberse a la topografía especifica de la zona la cual se encuentra caracterizada por estar rodeada de bosques, volcanes y montañas.
Numerical Simulation of an Improved CZTS/WS2 PV Cell by SCAPS 1-D
Authors: Ul Akhir AA Md Monzur , Imam Md Touhidul
Published: November 2022

CZTS solar cells are promising among the third-generation solar cell. Because of its earth abundant materials and less toxicity CZTS solar cell can perform a sustainable role as an absorber layer. The optimization of a buffer layer is still a challenge and efficiency are still low than other thin film solar cells. In this study, WS2 buffer layer have been used to simulate the PV cell structure in SCAPS-1D simulation software. No research has been found where CZTS and WS2 is used together. We have achieved a maximum efficiency of η = 18.90 % at 300 K working temperature and other factors i.e., Voc, Jsc and FF are also promising. The highest certified efficiency of CZTS solar cell is nearly 12%. The simulation profile can be a guideline for fabricating the improved PV cell.
GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 8, Dec 2021 P 41-48
Eilinen elää Verlassa
Authors: Niinikoski Eero
Published: November 2022

Katsaus Verlan tehdasmuseon 50-vuotiseen historiaan.
Pienet, silti tärkeät naulat ja ruuvit
Authors: Kauppinen Veijo
Published: November 2022

Naulat ja ruuvit ovat pieniä, silti rakennustyömailla sekä koneenrakennuksessa yleisesti käytettyjä ja myös kotien tavallisia tarvikkeita. Naulat todennäköisesti tunnettiin jo Rooman valtakunnan aikana. Yllättävän myöhään käyttöön tulleiden kiinnitysruuvien luultavasti ensimmäisiä käyttökohteita ovat olleet hakapyssyt sekä ritarien haarniskat. Läheisen sukulaisuutensa ja myöhemmän vaihtoehtoisen käytön takia katsauksessa kerrotaan näiden molempien historiasta ja aikanaan yleisestä, nyt jo hiipuneesta suomalaisesta valmistuksesta.
Analisis Faktor Penyebab Kecemasan Belajar Matematika Pada Siswa SMA Ditinjau dari Hasil Belajar
Authors: Milena Pandanwangi Cahya , Nugraheni Puji , Yuzianah Dita
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan kecemasan belajar matematika yang ditinjau berdasarkan hasil belajar pada siswa SMA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Prembun. Teknik pengambilan subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dan snowball sampling. Pengambilan data penelitian menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu teknik Miles Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor penyebab kecemasan belajar matematika dengan kategori hasil belajar tinggi yaitu faktor lingkungan berupa tertekan saat pembelajaran daring, faktor intelektual meliputi kebingungan dengan materi, dan faktor lainnya yaitu takut jika nilai tidak sesuai dengan harapan. Kategori hasil belajar sedang faktor penyebabnya yaitu faktor intelektual berupa kurang paham dengan matematika, faktor kepribadian meliputi kurangnya kepercayaan diri, dan faktor lingkungan meliputi takut tidak dapat menyelesaikan persoalan di depan kelas. Kategori hasil belajar rendah faktor penyebabnya adalah faktor intelektual berupa kurangnya pemahaman matematika serta cemas saat ujian, dan faktor lingkungan meliputi takut saat pembelajaran tatap muka.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the pathologist’s perspective
Authors: Leow Wei-Qiang , Chan Anthony Wing-Hung , Mendoza Paulo Giovanni L. , Lo Regina , Yap Kihan , Kim Haeryoung
Published: November 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of diseases characterized by fatty accumulation in hepatocytes, ranging from steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, to cirrhosis. While histopathological evaluation of liver biopsies plays a central role in the diagnosis of NAFLD, limitations such as the problem of interobserver variability still exist and active research is underway to improve the diagnostic utility of liver biopsies. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the histopathological features of NAFLD, the current grading and staging systems, and discuss the present and future roles of liver biopsies in the diagnosis and prognostication of NAFLD.
A Game of Clones: The Complex Interplay of Aplastic Anaemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria
Authors: Rho Hayeong , Wells Richard A
Published: November 2022

Although idiopathic aplastic anaemia (AA), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) are all associated with bone marrow failure, they have traditionally been understood as distinct diseases with sharply contrasting pathophysiologies. These three disorders show considerable overlap. In 10% of cases of MDS the bone marrow is hypocellular, resembling AA, while glycophosphatidylinositol-deficient PNH cells can be detected in up to 5% of MDS and in >50% of AA patients. Results of recent studies offer a resolution to this overlap: MDS pathogenesis commonly has an autoimmune component and clonal haematopoiesis can be demonstrated in most cases of AA. Two explanations have arisen to explain the association of PNH with these disorders. It is hypothesised that PNH haematopoietic stem cells are relatively resistant to T cell attack and therefore have a competitive advantage in this context. Alternatively, it has been demonstrated that mutations associated with MDS are commonly present in PNH stem cells; such mutations could provide the PNH clone with an autonomous growth advantage. The authors suggest that these mechanisms may be necessary for the development of PNH in all cases, even when PNH occurs in the absence of MDS or AA. Finally, identification of a PNH clone is a predictive and prognostic biomarker in AA and MDS, adding important information for treatment and follow-up.
Boundary Value Problems for a Mixed Fourth-order Parabolic-Hyperbolic Equation With Discontinuous Gluing Conditions
Authors: Abdumitalip uulu K.
Published: November 2022

The theorem of the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the boundary value problem for the equation in partial derivatives of the fourth order with variable coefficients containing the product of the mixed parabolic-hyperbolic operator and the differential operator of the oscillation string with discontinuous conditions of gluing in the pentagon to the plane is proved. By the method of reducing the order of equations, the solvability of the boundary value problem is reduced to the solution of the Tricomi problem for the mixed parabola-hyperbolic equation with variable coefficients and discontinuous gluing conditions. Solving this problem is reduced to the solution of Fredholm’s integral equation of the second order relative to the trace of the derivative function on y along the line of variation of the equation type. In the hyperbolic part of the domain, the representation of the solution of the problem for the hyperbolic equation with the smallest terms was obtained by using the Riemann function method. In the parabolic part of the domain, the solution of the first boundary value problem for the parabolic equation with the smallest terms is obtained by the method of successive approximations and the Green’s function. As a result, the solution of the problem is realized by the method of solving the Gursa problem and the first boundary value problem for the equation of string oscillation.
Analysis of Mercury Content in Plants of Biogeochemical Territory Aydarken
Authors: Imatali kyzy K.
Published: November 2022

Mercury is a highly volatile chemical element. It is characterized by high geochemical mobility in various natural processes. It belongs to the class I highly toxic chemical elements. Its toxicity depends on the type of chemical compounds and the concentration. Mineralization of plant samples was carried out using a microwave system Minotaur-2, and the concentration of mercury was determined on an MGA-915 atomic absorption spectrometer. The mercury concentration is above the maximum allowable level in all studied plant samples. The coefficient of biological absorption of mercury for Artemisia tenuisecta Nevski ranged from 0.008 to 0.100. The relationship between mercury content in soils and plants was studied and correlation coefficients were calculated. Plants of the genus Artemisia have the highest resistance to the toxic effects of mercury.
Systematic Structure, Biomorphology and Geographical Analysis of the Flora of Ganja City and Its Surroundings
Authors: Mahmudova U.
Published: November 2022

In the given article, the flora of Ganja city and its surrounding areas was studied, the plants were systematically, biomorphologically, geographically, ecologically, and endemically analyzed. The article also analyzed rare and endangered plants on scientific basis. In the researched region, 68 families, 244 genera, and 441 species of plants were identified. It is reported that the basis of the flora composition of the territories is angiosperms, the leading families of which are Poaceae with 38 genera (15.6%), 63 species (14.3%), Fabaceae 23 genera (9.4%), 48 species (10.9%); Asteraceae is represented by 15 genera (6.6%), 35 species (7.9%). It was determined that the composition of the flora of the study area is dominated by perennial grasses with 194 species (44%).
Systematic Review of the Genus Hypericum L. in Flora of Azerbaijan
Authors: Fatdayeva A.
Published: November 2022

Among the widespread plant species in Azerbaijan, the genus Hypericum L. which dates back to the Cenozoic era and belongs to the family Hypericaceae takes special place. 80% of the total number of species belonging to the Hypericaceae family are concentrated in the genus Hypericum, which is distinguished by its many-sided areas of application, especially in the pharmaceutical, decorative and dye industries. This genus is considered one of the largest genera of flowering plants in terms of species diversity (22%). Although research on the systematics of the genus Hypericumhas been conducted by many scientists around the world, the general characteristics and taxonomic composition of the species distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan have not been studied for the last 50 years. As a result of our research, it was determined that there are not 15 species, but 19 species, 1 subspecies and 1 variety belonging to the genus in the flora. The characteristics, descriptions and synonyms of sections, species, subspecies were given.
Distribution Areas and Biomorphological Characteristics of the Gooseberry in the Western Areas of Azerbaijan
Authors: Sardarova D.
Published: November 2022

The article provides materials on the study of the economic efficiency of new and non-traditional berry crops for cultivation in the Western regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The results of the research have established that the cultivation of non-traditional (gooseberry) species both in mountainous and lowland areas are economically profitable crops. In the mountains of the Lesser Caucasus, there are a lot of species and varieties of the main berry species such as raspberries, blackberries, currants, gooseberries, strawberries, which are widely used by the local population. Along with them, there are in nature in natural growth such non-traditional breeds in culture as gooseberries, as well as new ones for local culture, blueberries and bilberries. The local population harvests from wild plants and cultivates them by planting them in household plots. Expeditionary studies have established that gooseberries are common in various regions of the Lesser Caucasus, mainly in the lower and middle tiers of the forest, at an altitude of 1164 ... 1175 m above sea level, and blueberries and bilberries are relatively higher, at an altitude of 1181 ... 1845 m above sea level. It has been established that all the studied wild berry plants have a high (80 ... 100%) index of vitality.
Results of the Introduction of Some Species of Lianas on the Absheron
Authors: Mekhraliev A. , Safarova E. , Gafarova O. , Gasimzade T. , Guliyev N.
Published: November 2022

The article presents data on the methods of reproduction, the dynamics of growth and development of primary seedlings, the study of phenology, as well as the structure of the root system and the nature of the growth of 1-3-year-old plants of the species Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lem., Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd., Vitis amurensis Rupr., Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton and Smilax aspera L. in the conditions of Absheron. In 2017-2019, in the conditions of open and closed ground of the Central Botanical Garden, research was carried out on seed and vegetative propagation. Since they are new introducers, a number of bioecological features have not been comprehensively studied. The species V. amurensis, T. jasminoides and S. aspera were studied in the open conditions of Absheron, and in the closed conditions: B. spectabilis and J. sambac. The species V. amurensis, T. jasminoides, B. spectabilis, S. aspera grew rapidly in sunny areas, while the species J. sambac grows better in shady places. During the study, the highest results when propagated by cuttings were found in the species S. aspera (90%), B. spectabilis(80%) and V. amurensis (90%). During seed propagation, the highest percentage of germination was observed in the species V. amurensis (80%) and S. aspera — (80%) in the first ten days of March when seeds were sown to a depth of 2-3 cm. When studying the root system of the vines of the studied species, it was observed that V. amurensis has about 20 lateral roots, S. aspera has 60, and J. sambac with a fibrous root system has more than 60 lateral roots. As a result, it was found that under the soil and climatic conditions of Absheron, of the studied species, V. amurensis and S. aspera grow and develop normally, bloom profusely and form high-quality seeds, while in the species B. spectabilis and J. sambac, despite abundant flowering during the year, the formation of seeds is not observed.
Landscape Features of the Chatkal Sub-sector in the Tian Shan Mountains
Authors: Matikeev T. , Kamchiev U. , Abdisalam kyzy K.
Published: November 2022

Research relevance: open zone is a set of zones of isolated-closed side mountains, and therefore the analysis of the formation of landscape features of the high-altitude zones of the Chatkal sector in Tian Shan mountains is relevant. Research objectives: To reveal the role of altitudinal zones in the formation of landscape features. Materials and methods of research: in the Chatkal sub-sectors, it is important to create a theory of mixing altitudinal zones, that is, the theory of the ‘double zone’ and divide them into types (arid, semi-arid, medium humidity, high humidity and excess moisture). Research results: ‘dual frames’ and ‘the theory of mixing frames’ are raised in scientific research for the first time as a natural phenomenon that causes heated debate in the scientific community. Conclusions: the unity of the frame is created by the concentration of isolated and closed frames of the location of the Tian Shan area at different heights and directions.
The Effect of the Number of Watering and the Amount of Inorganic Fertilizers on the Structural Indicators of Winter Oats
Authors: Badalova T.
Published: November 2022

The results of studies on the influence of the number of irrigation and mineral fertilizers on the structural indicators of winter oats in the Western part of Azerbaijan are presented. It was found that 2 irrigations contributed to an increase in the productivity of stems (39-100 pcs/ m2, the length of the ear is 1.7—6.0 cm, the number of grains in the ear is 4-10 pcs, the seed weight of the ear is 0.08-0.16 g, the thousand seed weight is 2.5—7.5 g compared with the control variant). Three — time watering — contributed to an even greater increase in oat indicators (43-102 pcs/m2, ear length — 2.2-6.3 cm, the number of grains in the ear — 6-12 pieces, the seed weight of the ear is 0.11-0.20 g, the thousand seed weight is 3.3-9.4 g compared to the non-maneuverable control variant). In order to obtain a high and high-quality harvest of oat grain and restore soil fertility on the gray-brown irrigated soils of the Ganja-Kazakh economic zone, it is recommended that farms use vegetation irrigation and mineral fertilizers in the norm N120P120K903 times annually.
The Effect of Various Cultivation Methods on the Yield and Quality Indicators of Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Kazimov G. , Rustamova P.
Published: November 2022

In 2018-2020, the experiment was laid on a site with one type of relief. The experiment was carried out in 4 repetitions, 4 rows in each section, the length of each row was 10 meters. Soil of gray-forest-meadow type in the Sheki stronghold. 10 plants were selected from each experiment. Plant growth was measured every 15 days. After drying the collected leaves in the Rolla and Decloit drying chambers, the mass of dry leaves was determined. Due to the biological properties of Virginia tobacco varieties group, nitrogen (N) fertilization is not considered acceptable. For the first time in Azerbaijan, the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth of tobacco variety Virginia Cocker 347 under irrigation conditions was studied. According to the results of the study in the growing season of 2020, it was found that the highest growth dynamics among the variants was obtained against the background of N45P120 + 20 tons and manure on an area of 90×40 cm. 70-80-50% of the irrigation rate was 253.4 cm, 70-80-60% of the irrigation rate 255.1 cm, 70-70-60% of the irrigation rate 251.4 cm. 27.7 hwt/ha when irrigated at 70-70-60%.
Fertilizer Application Rates Effect on the Structural Elements of Glycine max in the Conditions of the Samukh District (Azerbaijan)
Authors: Alieva G.
Published: November 2022

The effect of sowing period, growing scheme and fertilizer norms on structure elements and Glycine max yield of on irrigated grey-brown (chestnut) soils of Samukh district is presented in this article. It’s defined, that when conduction sowing of soy-been on April 10-15 the quantity of beans and grains from a plant, the mass of grain from a plant and thousand seed weight and yield of grain was much more in comparison with early and late sowing at 45×10 cm growing scheme and at 10 t/ha + N60P90K60 fertilizer application rates in comparison with the variant without fertilizer.
Development of Breeding Material and Drought-Resistant Hordeum vulgare Varieties
Authors: Labazanova A.
Published: November 2022

Hybridization between different genotypes of Hordeum vulgare with different vegetative period due to their maturity was carried out in the study. Fertility of flowers during pollination was 21.7-63.1%. Vegetation period of parental forms was 190-214 days. Full dominance was observed in 18.75% and partial dominance in 25.4% of F1 Hordeum vulgare hybrids. 56.25% took an intermediate position. Hybrids of the F2 generation had a wide spectrum of fragmentation. In fast-growing hybrids with a relatively short vegetation period, the corresponding indicator was 3-12 days less than in both parental forms. This allowed it to be selected for practical use in selection lines with a relatively short vegetation period.
Detection of the Toxicity of a Micromycetes Series - the Helicoverpa armigera Pathogens
Authors: Hamiraev U. , Kamilov Sh.
Published: November 2022

The issue of the presence of micromycetes that cause diseases of caterpillars of one of the most dangerous pests of Gossypium — Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808), is discussed. In 2020-2021 20 species of micromycetes were identified and isolated in a pure culture. These cultures artificially infected 50 wax moth caterpillars. As a result, only 2-4% of dead caterpillars were noted. These strains of fungi are pathogens and have entomopathogenic properties but are of no practical interest.
Specialization of Phytophages of Tree Crops, Their Development and Role, Population Management
Authors: Esenbaev Sh.
Published: November 2022

The article discusses 80% of pests found in the orchards of Tashkent and Samarkand regions, their species composition, damage to trees and their parasites, as well as their populations, which cause particularly significant damage here. The number of predatory and parasitic entomophages is a major area of ​​study. Environmental factors have a sufficient impact on the reproduction and development of forests. Due to the high relative humidity of the air, this environment becomes unfavorable for the development of certain insect species. In the forest, on ornamental trees, there is an abundance of natural insects that cause the destruction of plants. In this case, pests are leading. A decrease in the amount of water in a tree trunk is favorable for the development of phytophages.
Healthcare Professionals in Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Sanobar Sheikh , Ashish Ashish
Published: November 2022

The profession of healthcare involves a lot of specialization, aspects of exploration, a lot of effort hard work and determination. Healthcare becomes the most valuable profession al globally because it deals with the life and concerns of the livelihood, hence the hype is worth and has proved that a quality life with the healthy body requires a strong healthcare system that has the potential and a zeal to provide, reform and be active on social, economic, regional and global levels. It becomes a very crucial task to provide health Care to all in need with a proper communication with the health system norms rules and does keep a statistical data for research and to tackle the future needs, pandemics, endemics and creation of better preventions, treatments and management for patients from different regions, ages and of signified distress or commodities. Kyrgyzstan also has a healthcare system which is called as Kyrgyzstan Soviet system of free universal healthcare which provides a reasonable number of doctors assistance nurses with medical clinics hospitals to provide care and treatment to respective illness and maintain regional health in the regional population. As per the research is formed that is the compulsory social and medical insurance (CSSM) program which was established on January 2020 that lets an individual pay for certain medical expenses and regulate Health Care in the better quality has turned to be an interesting and a much better way for improvement of social economic status of the country and a step towards a better community Health. As per the capita gross, national income of Kyrgyzstan was 1,170 dollars in 2015 and human development in desk has classified it to a medium human development country shows lower-middle-income economy. So far, human immunodeficiency virus HIV virus had very low percentage of prevalence that is 830 cases were officially reported on 2006 of February but that but the real number was estimated to be 10 times more. One of the reasons for spread has been the prison population and narcotic trafficking, whereas cardiovascular and respiratory conditions stand first for the reason of morbidity in the society. However, the rate of maternal mortality was more than 15% in 2008, that signifies that gets done is under the ‘very bad’ category of right to reproductive health as the nation is fulfilling only 55% of expected. Therefore, adding up to the issues related to family and community illness and creating a challenge for the healthcare system.
From Scots to Mandarin: The Translation and Reception of Hugh MacDiarmid’s Poetry in China
Authors: Li Li , Aihua Liu
Published: November 2022

Drawing partly on paratexts and an interview, this article discusses the translation into Chinese of one of Scotland’s most prominent cultural figures of the past century, Hugh MacDiarmid, the pseudonym of Christopher Murray Grieve (1892-1978). The article assesses the translation of a selection of his poems by three Chinese scholars: Wang Zuoliang, Zhang Jian, and Huang Canran. The article highlights the linguistic challenges that MacDiarmid’s poetry in dense literary Scots poses for translators in general, and Chinese translators in particular. Translators also need to address the many specific allusions to Scottish material culture and the poet’s occasional resort to racist caricature. The translation of MacDiarmid’s poetry is inseparable from a growing scholarly recognition in China that the ‘Scottish’ literary tradition is distinct from the ‘British’ one that still dominates Chinese university curricula. The article, therefore, also surveys the reception of MacDiarmid’s poetry in China.
What do we know about the microbiome of I. ricinus?
Authors: Hodosi Richard , Kazimirova Maria , Soltys Katarina
Published: November 2022

I. ricinus is an obligate hematophagous parasitic arthropod that is responsible for the transmission of a wide range of zoonotic pathogens including spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, Rickettsia spp., C. burnetii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Francisella tularensis, which are part the tick´s microbiome. Most of the studies focus on “pathogens” and only very few elucidate the role of “non-pathogenic” symbiotic microorganisms in I. ricinus. While most of the members of the microbiome are leading an intracellular lifestyle, they are able to complement tick´s nutrition and stress response having a great impact on tick´s survival and transmission of pathogens. The composition of the tick´s microbiome is not consistent and can be tied to the environment, tick species, developmental stage, or specific organ or tissue. Ovarian tissue harbors a stable microbiome consisting mainly but not exclusively of endosymbiotic bacteria, while the microbiome of the digestive system is rather unstable, and together with salivary glands, is mostly comprised of pathogens. The most prevalent endosymbionts found in ticks are Rickettsia spp., Ricketsiella spp., Coxiella-like and Francisella-like endosymbionts, Spiroplasma spp. and Candidatus Midichloria spp. Since microorganisms can modify ticks’ behavior, such as mobility, feeding or saliva production, which results in increased survival rates, we aimed to elucidate the potential, tight relationship, and interaction between bacteria of the I. ricinus microbiome. Here we show that endosymbionts including Coxiella-like spp., can provide I. ricinus with different types of vitamin B (B2, B6, B7, B9) essential for eukaryotic organisms. Furthermore, we hypothesize that survival of Wolbachia spp., or the bacterial pathogen A. phagocytophilum can be supported by the tick itself since coinfection with symbiotic Spiroplasma ixodetis provides I. ricinus with complete metabolic pathway of folate biosynthesis necessary for DNA synthesis and cell division. Manipulation of tick´s endosymbiotic microbiome could present a perspective way of I. ricinus control and regulation of spread of emerging bacterial pathogens.
Luminal endothelialization of small caliber silk tubular graft for vascular constructs engineering
Authors: Rizzi Stefano , Mantero Sara , Boschetti Federica , Pesce Maurizio
Published: November 2022

The constantly increasing incidence of coronary artery disease worldwide makes necessary to set advanced therapies and tools such as tissue engineered vessel grafts (TEVGs) to surpass the autologous grafts [(i.e., mammary and internal thoracic arteries, saphenous vein (SV)] currently employed in coronary artery and vascular surgery. To this aim, in vitro cellularization of artificial tubular scaffolds still holds a good potential to overcome the unresolved problem of vessel conduits availability and the issues resulting from thrombosis, intima hyperplasia and matrix remodeling, occurring in autologous grafts especially with small caliber (<6 mm). The employment of silk-based tubular scaffolds has been proposed as a promising approach to engineer small caliber cellularized vascular constructs. The advantage of the silk material is the excellent manufacturability and the easiness of fiber deposition, mechanical properties, low immunogenicity and the extremely high in vivo biocompatibility. In the present work, we propose a method to optimize coverage of the luminal surface of silk electrospun tubular scaffold with endothelial cells. Our strategy is based on seeding endothelial cells (ECs) on the luminal surface of the scaffolds using a low-speed rolling. We show that this procedure allows the formation of a nearly complete EC monolayer suitable for flow-dependent studies and vascular maturation, as a step toward derivation of complete vascular constructs for transplantation and disease modeling.
Mobility and freedom of movement: A novel out-of-hospital treatment for pediatric patients with terminal cardiac insufficiency and a ventricular assist device
Authors: Rottermann Kathrin , Dittrich Sven , Dewald Oliver , Teske Andreas , Kwapil Nicola , Bleck Steffen , Purbojo Ariawan , Münch Frank
Published: November 2022

Background

Due to rapid medical and technological progress, more and more pediatric patients with terminal cardiac insufficiency are being implanted with a ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplant without legal approval for hospital discharge. EXCOR® Active is a recently developed mobile driving unit for the EXCOR® ventricular assist device (EXCOR® VAD) with a long-lasting battery life that can manage small blood pumps, offering improved mobility for pediatric patients. This study strives to elaborate the requirements necessary for a safe home healthcare environment (HHE) for pediatric patients on EXCOR® VAD powered by the EXCOR® Active driving unit.

Materials and methods

Patient- and device-related preconditions (medical, ethical, psychological, technical, structural, organizational) were analyzed with regard to feasibility and safety in three individual patient cases. Included were pediatric patients with terminal cardiac insufficiency in a stable medical condition receiving in-hospital treatment with a univentricular or biventricular EXCOR® VAD powered by EXCOR® Active. Analysis was single-center, data was obtained 05/2020–02/2022.

Results

A total of three patients on EXCOR® VAD were identified for HHE treatment with the EXCOR® Active driving unit. Switch was performed safely and increased mobility led to improved psychomotor development and improved quality of life. No complications directly related to HHE-treatment occurred. One patient recently underwent an orthotopic heart transplant, one patient remains in HHE, and one patient died due to a complication not related to the HHE. Ethical approval for off-label use was obtained and patients and parents were given the required technical training and psychological support. Caregivers and medical professionals involved in the patients’ care at home were briefed intensely. Remote consultations were implemented and interdisciplinary in-hospital checks reduced to a long-term 4-week-scheme.

Conclusion

While it is challenging to discharge pediatric patients being treated with a paracorporeal ventricular assist device (EXCOR® VAD) from hospital, it is feasible and can be managed safely with the novel driving unit EXCOR® Active. A HHE may help to improve patients’ psychomotor development, offer normalized social contacts and strengthen both patients’ and parents’ physical and mental resources. Legal approval and another study with a larger sample size are warranted.
Case report: Cefoperazone-sulbactam induced Kounis syndrome and cardiogenic shock
Authors: Ding Peng , Zhou Yuan , Long Kun-lan , Zhang Li , Gao Pei-yang
Published: November 2022

Background

Kounis syndrome is a hypersensitive coronary artery disease caused by the body's exposure to allergens, which is induced by various drugs and environmental factors. This entity has been described primarily in isolated case reports and case series. We report a case of type III Kounis syndrome caused by cefoperazone-sulbactam.

Case presentation

A 79-year-old man who received an infusion of cefoperazone-sulbactam in Respiratory Department of our hospital for recurrent infections. 28 minutes later, he developed skin flushing of the trunk and extremities, soon followed by loss of consciousness and shock. With antianaphylaxis, pressor therapy, and fluid rehydration, the patient was admitted to the ICU for treatment. During which, he experienced recurrent ventricular fibrillation and a progressive increase in troponin I levels. The ECG of the patient showed that the ST segment elevation of lead II, III, avF, and V3R–V5R was 0.10–0.20 MV. An urgent coronary angiography showed an in-stent thrombosis in the middle part of the right coronary artery, occlusion of the distal flow with TIMI grade 0. The diagnosis was type III Kounis syndrome with cardiogenic shock. Despite aggressive treatment, the patient died on day 7 after ICU admission.

Conclusion

Kunis syndrome is a life-threatening disease, and therefore allergic reactions in patients with a history of cephalosporin allergy and coronary stent implantation should be considered and treated promptly.
Intracellular VHHs to monitor and modulate GPCR signaling
Authors: Raynaud Pauline , Gauthier Camille , Jugnarain Vinesh , Jean-Alphonse Frédéric , Reiter Eric , Bruneau Gilles , Crépieux Pascale
Published: November 2022

Single-domain antibody fragments, also known as VHHs or nanobodies, have opened promising avenues in therapeutics and in exploration of intracellular processes. Because of their unique structural properties, they can reach cryptic regions in their cognate antigen. Intracellular VHHs/antibodies primarily directed against cytosolic proteins or transcription factors have been described. In contrast, few of them target membrane proteins and even less recognize G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are major therapeutic targets, which reflects their involvement in a plethora of physiological responses. Hence, they elicit a tremendous interest in the scientific community and in the industry. Comprehension of their pharmacology has been obscured by their conformational complexity, that has precluded deciphering their structural properties until the early 2010’s. To that respect, intracellular VHHs have been instrumental in stabilizing G protein-coupled receptors in active conformations in order to solve their structure, possibly bound to their primary transducers, G proteins or β-arrestins. In contrast, the modulatory properties of VHHs recognizing the intracellular regions of G protein-coupled receptors on the induced signaling network have been poorly studied. In this review, we will present the advances that the intracellular VHHs have permitted in the field of GPCR signaling and trafficking. We will also discuss the methodological hurdles that linger the discovery of modulatory intracellular VHHs directed against GPCRs, as well as the opportunities they open in drug discovery.
Protective effects of safranal on diabetic retinopathy in human microvascular endothelial cells and related pathways analyzed with transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Xiao Qin , Sun Yao-Yao , Lu Zhan-Jun , Li Shan-shan , Su Riguga , Chen Wen-Lin , Ran Lin-Lin , Zhang Surina , Deng Kaixin , Yu Wen-Zhen , Chen Wenqian
Published: November 2022

Aim

To determine the effect of safranal on diabetic retinopathy in vitro and its possible mechanisms.

Methods

We used human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) to test the influence of safranal in vitro. High glucose damage was established and an safranal was tested at various concentrations for its potential to reduce cell viability using the MTT assay. We also employed apoptosis detection, cell cycle detection, a transwell test, and a tube formation assay to look into safranal’s inhibitory effects on high glucose damage at various doses. Furthermore, mRNA transcriptome sequencing was performed. mRNA expression levels in a high glucose damage model, a high glucose damage model treated with safranal, and a blank control were compared to find the possible signaling pathway. Western blotting was used to confirm the expressions of several molecules and the levels of phosphorylation in each for the newly discovered pathway.

Results

Cell proliferation was inhibited under a high glucose condition but could be protected by safranal at different concentrations (P<0.001). Flow cytometry results suggested safranal also protected cells from apoptosis (P=0.006). A transwell test demonstrated reduced invasiveness of safranal-treated cells in a high glucose condition (P<0.001). In a tube formation investigation, there were noticeably more new branches in the high gloucose group compared to a high glucose treated with safranal group (P<0.001). In mRNA expression patterns on transcriptome sequencing, the MAPK signaling pathway showed an expression ratio. With western blotting, the phosphorylation level of p38-AKT was elevated under a high glucose condition but could be inhibited by safranal. The expression of molecules associated with cell adhesion, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, Twist, and fibronectin also changed significantly after safranal treatment under a high glucose condition.

Conclusion

Safranal can protect diabetic retinopathy in vitro, and the p38-AKT signaling pathway was found to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and could be inhibited by safranal. This pathway may play a role by influencing cell migration and adhesion.
Maternal serum NGAL in the first trimester of pregnancy is a potential biomarker for the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lu Ling , Li Chanyu , Deng Jie , Luo Jianbo , Huang Chaolin
Published: November 2022

Objective

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has adverse effects on the health of mothers and their offspring. Currently, no known biomarker has been proven to have sufficient validity for the prediction of GDM in the first trimester of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in the first trimester of pregnancy and later GDM risk and to evaluate the performance of serum NGAL as a biomarker for the prediction of GDM.

Methods

The study was conducted by recruiting participants at 8–13 weeks of gestation from The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College between January and June 2021; participants were followed up for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) screening at 24–28 gestational weeks. We examined the serum NGAL levels of all subjects in the first trimester who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory parameters of the study subjects were obtained during the same study period. A logistic regression model was carried out to investigate the potential relationship between serum NGAL levels in the first trimester of pregnancy and later GDM risk. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the discrimination and calibration of serum NGAL as a biomarker for the prediction of GDM in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Results

Serum NGAL levels in the first trimester of pregnancy were significantly higher in women who later developed GDM than in those who did not develop GDM. Serum NGAL levels in the first trimester of pregnancy were positively associated with an increased risk of GDM after adjustment for potential confounding factors. The risk prediction model for GDM constructed by using serum NGAL levels in the first trimester of pregnancy achieved excellent performance.

Conclusions

Maternal serum NGAL in the first trimester of pregnancy is a potential biomarker for the prediction of GDM, which could help guide the clinical practice of antenatal care.
Disentangling the SDGs agenda in the GCC region: Priority targets and core areas for environmental action
Authors: Al-Saidi Mohammad
Published: November 2022

The agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a key international outcome for guiding development efforts of nation states. However, SDG targets cover vast areas of action, and they are difficult to break down and monitor for countries with different developmental situations and needs. Often, global rankings of countries’ compliance with the SDG agenda are plagued with false signals and methodological limitations. This paper presents a much-needed prioritization of the SDG targets for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. It maps SDG targets and outlines priorities and key areas for environmental action. Sustainability in resource use, consumption and production constitutes a primary area for investments. Education and awareness represent cross-cutting priorities and low-hanging fruit for action. Tackling climate change and emerging supply risks and the management of ecosystems represent an action area in which GCC governments can intensify their interventions. As a supporting policy, regional environmental cooperation is important for enhanced commitments and tackling transboundary aspects of the SDG agenda. The analysis of the SDG agenda in the GCC regions reiterates the importance of countries engaging with global sustainability framings in order work out their own interpretations in congruence with national development realities. Such an SDG regional mapping exercise also assists national-level planners or regional bodies working on development issues in shaping the Gulf region’s engagement with the global sustainability agenda and tracking progress on key SDG priorities.
Transcriptome profiling of abdominal aortic tissues reveals alterations in mRNAs of Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Yuqing Miao , Shang Gao , Qing Gao , Jiyang Wang , Ruihao Li , Zuoguan Chen , Yongpeng Diao , Zhiyuan Wu , Yongjun Li
Published: November 2022

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis involving in the main branches of aorta. Previous studies mainly used peripheral blood and some vascular tissues but seldom studies have sequenced vascular tissues. Here in this study, we aimed to explore the alterations of mRNA in TA by performing bulk RNA sequencing. A total of 14 abdominal aortic tissues including 8 from renal transplantation and 6 from patient with TA undergoing bypass surgeries. Bulk RNA sequencing were performed and after the quality control, a total of 1897 transcripts were observed to be significantly differently (p < 0.05 and Log2FC > 1) expressed between the TA and control group, among which 1,361 transcripts were in TA group and 536 in the Control group. Reactome Pathway Enrichment Comparison analysis revealed interleukin-10 signaling and signaling by interleukins were highly expressed in TA group. Besides, extracellular matrix organization was also observed in this group. WGCNA and PPI obtained 26 core genes which were highly correlated with the clinical phenotype. We then also perform deconvolution of the bulk RNA-seq data by using the scRNA-seq dataset and noticed the high proportion of smooth muscle cells in our dataset. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining confirmed our bioinformatic analysis that TA aortic tissues express high levels of IL-1R1 and IL-1R2. Briefly, this study revealed critical roles of interleukins in TA pathogenesis, and SMCs may also participate in the reconstruction in vessel wall at late stage of TA.