bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis comparison of Type 42A2 fracture fixed with external titanium alloy locking plate and traditional external fixation frame
Authors: Fang Shitao , Zhang Ling , Yang Yunqi , Wang Yun , Guo Jinkun , Mi Lei
Published: October 2023

Background

At present, not all Type AO/OTA 42A2 open fractures can be treated by external fixation brackets, not to mention the inconvenience of this technique in clinical practice. External titanium alloy locking plates, which are lightweight and easy-to-operate, can be used as an alternative treatment option for such patients. However, there are few reports of finite element biomechanical analysis on the titanium alloy locking plates and fixation brackets being placed on the medial side of the tibial fracture. In this study, the biomechanical properties of titanium alloy locking plates and fixation brackets for treating Type AO/OTA 42A2 fractures were compared by applying the finite element method, and the results provided data support for the clinical application of the external titanium alloy locking plate technique.

Methods

Type AO/OTA 42A2 fracture models were constructed using CT data of a male volunteer for two external fixation techniques, namely the external titanium alloy locking plate technique and the external fixation bracket technique, according to commonly-used clinical protocols. Then, the four-point bending, axial compression, clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation tests under the maximum load were simulated in finite element analysis software. The stress distribution, peak stress and overall tibial displacement data for the two different external fixation techniques were obtained and compared.

Results

In the four different test conditions (i.e., four-point bending, axial compression, clockwise torsion, counterclockwise torsion) under the maximum load, the two external fixation techniques showed obvious von Mises stress concentration at the contacts between the screw and tibia, between the screw and titanium alloy locking plate, between the self-tapping self-drilling needle and tibia, between the self-tapping self-drilling needle and the external fixation device, as well as around the fracture end and around the cortical bone at the upper and lower ends of the tibia. The peak stress was ranged 26.67–558.77 MPa, all below the yield stress strength of titanium alloy. The peak tibial displacement of the external titanium alloy locking plate model was smaller than that of the fixation bracket model. In terms of structural stability, the external titanium alloy locking plate technique was superior to the external fixation bracket technique.

Conclusions

When fixing Type AO/OTA 42A2 fractures, external titanium alloy locking plates are not only lightweight and easy-to-operate, but also have better performance in terms of axial compression, bending and torsion resistance. According to the finite element biomechanical analysis, external titanium alloy locking plates are superior to traditional external fixation brackets in treating Type AO/OTA 42A2 fractures and can better meet the needs of clinical application.
First field study using Strong-LAMP for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Cubal, Angola
Authors: Crego-Vicente Beatriz , Febrer-Sendra Begoña , Nindia Arlette , Pessela Agostinho , Aixut Sandra , Martínez-Campreciós Joan , Mediavilla Alejandro , Silgado Aroa , Sulleiro Elena , Treviño Begoña , Molina Israel , Muro Antonio , Salvador Fernando , Fernández-Soto Pedro
Published: October 2023

Background

Strongyloides stercoralis infection is a common neglected tropical disease distributed worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical climates. The impact of S. stercoralis infections on human health ranges from mild asymptomatic infections to chronic strongyloidiasis unnoticeable until the host is immunosuppressed. In severe strongyloidiasis, a syndrome of hyperinfection and larval dissemination to various organs can occur with high mortality rates. The diagnosis of strongyloidiasis is challenging because of the absence of a single standard reference test with high sensitivity and specificity, which also makes it difficult to estimate the accuracy of other diagnostic tests. This study aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the use of an easy-to-perform loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) colorimetric assay (named Strong-LAMP) for the molecular screening of strongyloidiasis in stool samples from patients in a low-resource endemic area in Cubal, Angola. To compare different LAMP application scenarios, the performance of the Strong-LAMP under field conditions in Angola was reassessed in a well-equipped reference laboratory in Spain and compared with a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method.

Methods

A total of 192 stool samples were collected from adult population in Cubal, Angola, and examined by parasitological methods (direct saline microscopy and Baermann’s technique). DNA was extracted from each stool sample using a commercial kit and tested by the colorimetric Strong-LAMP assay for the detection of Strongyloides spp. under field conditions. Furthermore, all samples were shipped to a well-equipped laboratory in Spain, reanalysed by the same procedure and compared with a qPCR method. The overall results after testing were compared.

Results

Strongyloides stercoralis larvae were identified by direct saline microscopy and Baermann in a total of 10/192 (5.2%) and 18/192 (9.4%) stool samples, respectively. Other helminth and protozoan species were also identified. The Strong-LAMP-positive results were visually detected in 69/192 (35.9%) stool samples. The comparison of Strong-LAMP results in field conditions and at a reference laboratory matched in a total of 146/192 (76.0%) samples. A total of 24/192 (12.5%) stool samples tested positive by qPCR.

Conclusions

This is the first study in which colorimetric Strong-LAMP has been clinically evaluated in a resource-poor strongyloidiasis endemic area. Strong-LAMP has been shown to be more effective in screening for strongyloidiasis than parasitological methods under field conditions and qPCR in the laboratory. Our Strong-LAMP has proven to be a field-friendly and highly accurate molecular test for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis.

Graphical Abstract
Outcomes and complications of prophylactic incisional gastropexy in 766 dogs (2009–2019).
Authors: de la Vega Miranda , Ralphs S. Christopher
Published: October 2023

Objective

To report the outcomes and complications associated with prophylactic incisional gastropexy performed in dog breeds at risk for GDV.

Results

Seven hundred and sixty-six dogs underwent prophylactic incisional gastropexy of which 61 were electively performed at the time of castration or spay and 705 were adjunctively performed at the time of emergency abdominal surgery. All dogs had short-term follow-up, and 446 dogs (58.2%) had additional follow-up with a median long-term follow-up time of 876 days (range 58-4450). Only 3 dogs (0.4%) had a direct complication associated with the gastropexy site including hemorrhage causing hemoabdomen (2) and infection with partial dehiscence (1). No dogs with long-term follow-up experienced gastric dilatation (GD), gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), or persistent GI signs following gastropexy. Results of this study found that complications directly associated with prophylactic gastropexy were rare and limited to hemorrhage causing hemoabdomen and infection with partial dehiscence. Transient postoperative GI signs may occur. Gastropexy malpositioning and bowel entrapment were not encountered. There was no occurrence of GD or GDV.
Hoffmann’s syndrome in the differential work-up of myopathic complaints: a case report
Authors: Winter Sabine , Heiling Bianka , Eckardt Niklas , Kloos Christof , Axer Hubertus
Published: October 2023

Background

Hoffmann’s syndrome is a rare form of hypothyroid myopathy in adults, which is mainly characterized by muscular weakness and muscular pseudohypertrophy.

Case presentation

We report about a 61-year-old Western European man with myalgia, myxedema and pseudohypertrophy of the calf muscles. Laboratory tests revealed significantly elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and creatine kinase (CK). Muscle MRI showed muscular hypertrophy of the lower limbs, but no signs of myositis or myopathy (no gadolinium enhancement, no edema, no fatty degeneration). In addition, electromyography (EMG) detected spontaneous activity. After the beginning of thyroxin-therapy it took six months until the muscle weakness improved and the myalgia regressed.

Conclusions

Here, we focus on diagnostic routines and typical findings to differentiate Hoffmann’s syndrome from other myopathies. Clinical hallmarks of Hoffmann’s syndrome are pseudohypertrophy and weakness of the calf muscles in combination with elevated CK and elevated TSH. EMG is well suited to detect the involvement of the muscles and muscle MRI helps to differentiate it from other myopathies. Hoffmann’s syndrome is a rare myopathy due to hypothyroidism and plays a role in the differential diagnosis of myopathic complaints even if hypothyroidism has not been detected before.
Rheological behavior of 10W40 base oil containing different combinations of MWCNT-Al2O3 nanoparticles and determination of the target nano-lubricant for industrial applications
Authors: Hemmat Esfe Mohammad , Alidoust Soheyl , Hatami Hossein , Toghraie Davood
Published: October 2023

The main goal of this research is to compare the rheological behavior of hybrid nano lubricants (HNLs) with different composition ratios in a base oil. The purpose of the comparison is to determine the HNL with the best lubrication performance at the start of the vehicle. Theoretical methods have confirmed the non-Newtonian behavior in different laboratory conditions. HNLs with the composition ratio of 30:70 and 25:75 had the highest percentage of increase and decrease in viscosity, respectively 34.97% and − 1.85% at T = 55 °C, shear rate SR = 6665 s−1and solid volume fraction SVF = 1% and T = 5 °C, SR = 3999 s−1and SVF = 0.05%. To predict the viscosity of the desired HNL, in the RSM, a special model with an accuracy of R2 = 0.9997 has been used. The margin of deviation (MOD) is determined in the range of − 3.43% < MOD < 4.75%. Viscosity sensitivity analysis shows that the greatest sensitivity will result from SVF changes at high SVFs. The experimental results of this study will introduce the optimal nano polishing to the craftsmen, and the theoretical part of this study will save the researchers from spending time and excessive economic costs.
Airborne transmission of common swine viruses
Authors: Hu Zhiqiang , Tian Xiaogang , Lai Ranran , Ji Chongxing , Li Xiaowen
Published: October 2023

The transmission of viral aerosols poses a vulnerable aspect in the biosecurity measures aimed at preventing and controlling swine virus in pig production. Consequently, comprehending and mitigating the spread of aerosols holds paramount significance for the overall well-being of pig populations. This paper offers a comprehensive review of transmission characteristics, influential factors and preventive strategies of common swine viral aerosols. Firstly, certain viruses such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A viruses (IAV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) have the potential to be transmitted over long distances (exceeding 150 m) through aerosols, thereby posing a substantial risk primarily to inter-farm transmission. Additionally, other viruses like classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV) can be transmitted over short distances (ranging from 0 to 150 m) through aerosols, posing a threat primarily to intra-farm transmission. Secondly, various significant factors, including aerosol particle sizes, viral strains, the host sensitivity to viruses, weather conditions, geographical conditions, as well as environmental conditions, exert a considerable influence on the transmission of viral aerosols. Researches on these factors serve as a foundation for the development of strategies to combat viral aerosol transmission in pig farms. Finally, we propose several preventive and control strategies that can be implemented in pig farms, primarily encompassing the implementation of early warning models, viral aerosol detection, and air pretreatment. This comprehensive review aims to provide a valuable reference for the formulation of efficient measures targeted at mitigating the transmission of viral aerosols among swine populations.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretomes-enriched alginate/ extracellular matrix hydrogel patch accelerates skin wound healing
Authors: Kwon Jae Won , Savitri Cininta , An Byoungha , Yang Seung Won , Park Kwideok
Published: October 2023

Background

The secretomes of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potential and thereby their efficient delivery into the target site is of particular interest. Here, we propose a new strategy of hMSCs-derived secretomes delivery for advanced wound healing upon harnessing the working principle of extracellular matrix (ECM)-growth factors interaction in vivo.

Methods

We prepared an alginate hydrogel based wound patch, where it contains both human MSC-derived secretomes and ECM. The ECM was obtained from the decellularization of in vitro cultured human lung fibroblasts. The alginate solution was blended with ECM suspension, crosslinked, air-dried, then rehydrated with the secretomes contained in the concentrated conditioned media (CCM) as a highly saturated form of conditioned media (CM). We tested four different groups, with or without the ECM to investigate not only the role of ECM but the therapeutic effect of secretomes.

Results

The secretomes reserved many, diverse bioactive factors, such as VEGF, HGF, IGFBPs, IL-6, and IL-8. Alginate/ECM/CCM (AEC) patch could hold significantly larger amount of secretomes and release them longer than the other groups. Our AEC patch was the most effective in stimulating not only cell migration and proliferation but the collagen synthesis of dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Moreover, the AEC patch-treated full-thickness skin wounds disclosed significantly better wound healing indications: cell recruitment, neovascularization, epidermis thickness, keratinocyte migration, and mature collagen deposition, as assessed via histology (H&E, Herovici staining) and immunofluorescence, respectively. In particular, our AEC patch enabled a phenotype shift of myofibroblast into fibroblast over time and led to mature blood vessel formation at 14 day.

Conclusions

We believe that ECM certainly contributed to generate a secretomes-enriched milieu via ECM-secretomes interactions and thereby such secretomes could be delivered more efficiently, exerting significant therapeutic impact either individually or collectively during wound healing process.

Graphical abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2: a core biomarker of left ventricular dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yu Wei , Gao Hongli , Hu Tianyang , Tan Xingling , Liu Yiheng , Liu Hongli , He Siming , Chen Zijun , Guo Sheng , Huang Jing
Published: October 2023

Background

RNA modifications, especially N6-methyladenosine, N1-methyladenosine and 5–methylcytosine, play an important role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. However, its regulatory function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains to be undefined.

Methods

In the study, key RNA modification regulators (RMRs) were screened by three machine learning models. Subsequently, a risk prediction model for DCM was developed and validated based on these important genes, and the diagnostic efficiency of these genes was assessed. Meanwhile, the relevance of these genes to clinical traits was explored. In both animal models and human subjects, the gene with the strongest connection was confirmed. The expression patterns of important genes were investigated using single-cell analysis.

Results

A total of 4 key RMRs were identified. The risk prediction models were constructed basing on these genes which showed a good accuracy and sensitivity in both the training and test set. Correlation analysis showed that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) had the highest correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (R = -0.49, P = 0.00039). Further validation expression level of IGFBP2 indicated that this gene was significantly upregulated in DCM animal models and patients, and correlation analysis validation showed a significant negative correlation between IGFBP2 and LVEF (R = -0.87; P = 6*10–5). Single-cell analysis revealed that this gene was mainly expressed in endothelial cells.

Conclusion

In conclusion, IGFBP2 is an important biomarker of left ventricular dysfunction in DCM. Future clinical applications could possibly use it as a possible therapeutic target.
Endoscopic variceal ligation in primary and secondary prevention of variceal bleeding: a retrospective study in Digestive Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana, Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Razafindrazoto Chantelli Iamblaudiot , Randriamifidy Nitah Harivony , Rakotomalala Jolivet Auguste , Rakotondrasoa Sedera Radoniaina , Ralaizanaka Behoavy Mahafaly , Rakotoniaina Henintsoa , Randrianiaina Antsa Fihobiana , Rakotomaharo Mialitiana , Laingonirina Domoina Harivonjy Hasina , Maherison Sonny , Rasolonjatovo Anjaramalala Sitraka , Rakotozafindrabe Andry Lalaina Rinà , Rabenjanahary Tovo Harimanana , Razafimahefa Soloniaina Hélio , Ramanampamonjy Rado Manitrala
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is a crucial procedure for the primary and secondary prevention of variceal bleeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of EVL in the prevention of variceal bleeding.

Methods

This was a retrospective, single-center study over 8 years, from January 2013 to December 2020, including all patients who came for EVL in primary or secondary prevention.

Results

Fifty-seven patients (male/female: 39/18) were included. The mean age of the patients was 40.02 ± 12.32 years (range: 19–68). Portal hypertension was secondary to cirrhosis in 13 patients (22.8%) and to a non-cirrhotic cause in 44 patients (77.2%). EVL was indicated for primary and secondary prevention in 5.3% and 94.7%, respectively. All patients had received propranolol with a mean daily dose of 108.07 ± 38.52 mg (extremes: 80–160). Eradication of varices was achieved in 33 patients (57.9%) with an average of 3.06 ± 0.70 sessions (extremes: 1–5) and an average duration of 10.12 ± 6.21 months (extremes: 1–24). Ten patients (17.5%) had variceal bleeding, and one patient (1.8%) died. There was no significant difference between patients with cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension in terms of varices eradication, variceal bleeding, and mortality. Gender (HR: 37.18; CI: 0.14–18.4; p = 0.009) and the number of previous bleeds (HR: 1.34; CI: 1.01–1.80; p = 0.041) were independent predictors of variceal bleeding during EVL. Dysphagia (73.7%) and retrosternal pain (78.9%) were the main adverse events after ligation.

Conclusion

EVL is an efficient technique to eradicate varices. Its tolerance is good with post-ligation signs that are rapidly regressive.
High-density analysis of surface wave profile imaging based on a multiple coverage common-midpoint signal-couple array
Authors: Li Chen , Wang Yunsheng , Gao Guozhong
Published: October 2023

Surface wave exploration technology has been extensively used in the inspection of construction engineering quality and shallow surface surveys. To enhance the efficiency of surface wave exploration field acquisition and achieve high-precision and high-density surface wave profile imaging, a wireless distributed seismic surface wave signal acquisition system has been developed based on the principles of active source transient surface wave signal acquisition and dispersion curve calculation methods. For the purpose of achieving rapid multiple coverage signal acquisition and enhancing fieldwork efficiency, a method for rapidly configuring common-midpoint signal couples (CMCs) for multiple coverage common-shot signal acquisition has been devised, and a high-precision visualization method for dispersion curve calculation based on the CMC array has been formulated. When compared with the multichannel analysis of the surface wave method under identical conditions, the CMC array can effectively enhance surface wave dispersion curve survey station density and lateral resolution, thereby enabling high-density analysis of surface wave profile imaging. Through model analysis and field examples related to construction quality detection, including foundation compactness and earth and rock mixture compactness, it has been demonstrated that this method offers significant advantages in terms of high accuracy, high density, and a wide application range. These advantages greatly enhance the efficiency of surface wave exploration and the accuracy of profile imaging for the construction of engineering projects.
Identification of proteins that bind extracellular microRNAs secreted by the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis
Authors: Brown Alice , Selkirk Murray E. , Sarkies Peter
Published: October 2023

Small non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved across eukaryotes and play key roles in regulating gene expression. In many organisms, miRNAs are also secreted from cells, often encased within vesicles such as exosomes, and sometimes extravesicular. The mechanisms of miRNA secretion, how they are stabilised outside of cells and their functional importance are poorly understood. Recently, we characterised the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis as a model to study miRNA secretion. T. spiralis muscle-stage larvae (MSL) secrete abundant miRNAs which are largely extravesicular. Here, we investigated how T. spiralis miRNAs might remain stable outside of cells. Using proteomics, we identified two RNA binding proteins secreted by T. spiralis larvae and characterised their RNA binding properties. One, a homologue of the known RNA binding protein KSRP, binds miRNA in a selective and sequence-specific fashion. Another protein, which is likely a novel RNA binding protein, binds to miRNA without exhibiting sequence specificity. Our results suggest a possible mechanism for miRNA secretion by T. spiralis and may have relevance for understanding the biology of extracellular miRNA more widely.
Posttranscriptional modification to the core of tRNAs modulates translational misreading errors
Authors: Saleh Sima , Farabaugh Philip J.
Published: October 2023

Protein synthesis on the ribosome involves successive rapid recruitment of cognate aminoacyl-tRNAs and rejection of the much more numerous incorrect near- or non-cognates. The principal feature of translation elongation is that at every step, many incorrect aa-tRNAs unsuccessfully enter the A site for each cognate accepted. Normal levels of translational accuracy require that cognate tRNAs have relatively similar acceptance rates by the ribosome. To achieve that, tRNAs evolved to compensate for differences in amino acid properties and codon–anticodon strength that affect acceptance. Part of that response involved tRNA posttranscriptional modifications, which can affect tRNA decoding efficiency, accuracy, and structural stability. The most intensively modified regions of the tRNA are the anticodon loop and structural core of the tRNA. Anticodon loop modifications directly affect codon–anticodon pairing and therefore modulate accuracy. Core modifications have been thought to ensure consistent decoding rates principally by stabilizing tRNA structure to avoid degradation; however, degradation due to instability appears to only be a significant issue above normal growth temperatures. We suspected that the greater role of modification at normal temperatures might be to tune tRNAs to maintain consistent intrinsic rates of acceptance and peptide transfer and that hypomodification by altering these rates might degrade the process of discrimination, leading to increased translational errors. Here, we present evidence that most tRNA core modifications do modulate the frequency of misreading errors, suggesting that the need to maintain accuracy explains their deep evolutionary conservation.
A blended model of interior design studio practice due to COVID-19
Authors: Assali Imad
Published: October 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic upended the educational system around the globe. During this challenging period, universities and colleges looked for other effective alternative methods of learning, such as Virtual Learning Environments (VL). Besides, Ahlia University has implemented E-learning in response to COVID-19. There needs to be more attention given to the challenges associated with technology adoption facing interior design and architecture programs, where over 60% of courses are practical, especially design studios, which form the core of the curriculum. According to a review of the relevant literature, there needs to be more research on blended learning in interior design and architecture. In order to enhance the teaching and learning of interior design and architecture, further research is required to combine cutting-edge techniques and technology. The aim of this study was to review the classroom materials for Ahlia University’s interior design studio. Methods: After completing the INTD 212, INTD 216, INTD 311, and INTD 404 studios in mid-March 2022, a short Qualtrics poll was done to assess the difficulties of e-learning and offer potential consequences. Results: Though students were conveniently attending courses online, there was not much discussion and interaction like in the face-to-face model. Blended teaching in design studio courses offered many benefits. The results showed that blended design studios achieved pedagogical results as students developed their knowledge. Conclusions: Based on the findings, this research concludes that teaching and learning should be shifted from face-to-face and online learning to the best practice of a blended format.
Butterfly eyespots exhibit unique patterns of open chromatin
Authors: Murugesan Suriya Narayanan , Monteiro Antónia
Published: October 2023

Background: How the precise spatial regulation of genes is correlated with spatial variation in chromatin accessibilities is not yet clear. Previous studies that analysed chromatin from homogenates of whole-body parts of insects found little variation in chromatin accessibility across those parts, but single-cell studies of Drosophila brains showed extensive spatial variation in chromatin accessibility across that organ. In this work we studied the chromatin accessibility of butterfly wing tissue fated to differentiate distinct colors and patterns in pupal wings of Bicyclus anynana.

Methods:  We dissected small eyespot and adjacent control tissues from 3h pupae and performed ATAC-Seq to identify the chromatin accessibility differences between different sections of the wings. 

Results: We observed that three dissected wing regions showed unique chromatin accessibilities. Open chromatin regions specific to eyespot color patterns were highly enriched for binding motifs recognized by Suppressor of Hairless (Su(H)), Krüppel (Kr), Buttonhead (Btd) and Nubbin (Nub) transcription factors. Genes in the vicinity of the eyespot-specific open chromatin regions included those involved in wound healing and SMAD signal transduction pathways, previously proposed to be involved in eyespot development.

Conclusions: We conclude that eyespot and non-eyespot tissue samples taken from the same wing have distinct patterns of chromatin accessibility, possibly driven by the eyespot-restricted expression of potential pioneer factors, such as Kr.
Enhancement of private schools for collaboration to address gender equity gap of STEM education: Case study in Mbeya city of Tanzania
Authors: Kibona Isack Ephraim
Published: October 2023

Investment in education to guarantee gender equity in most developing countries has focused on modern teaching pedagogy, teaching and learning facilities, cultural issues and the likes. However, performance in private schools do set learnable examples of which if not ignored, a nation in question may take lessons and improve gender equity in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. Private secondary schools may serve as on way to enrich girls' enrolment in STEM for future career opportunities by scoring qualifiable grades in STEM subjects, provided that education investment environment not only favors public schools but also be in favor of private schools. In the study conducted in Mbeya city of Tanzania, the author investigated 58 secondary schools of which 32 were private schools. From these schools 7936 candidates sat for Certificate of Secondary Education Examination (CSEE) of 2022 in Mbeya city. 2232 candidates were from private schools. The analysis indicated that more girls with a potential to enter into STEM education came from private schools, and it is about twice the number of girls from public schools regardless of more girls candidates from public schools. Chi-square testing of pass in STEM subjects between boys and girls verified that performance in private schools had no gender equity gap between boys and girls. On the other hand, boys outperformed girls in public schools. Moreover, an estimation of 2202 candidates of which 999 were girls had at least a minimum pass in basic mathematics. Private schools contributed 626 (63%) of passes in basic mathematics. Thus, appropriate collaboration with private schools might revamp not only girls’ enrolment but also clear gender equity gap in performance of STEM subjects if policy makers in education investment can do more improvement in the environment for education investment through private schools.
Endometriosis and sexual disorders: the effect of surgical and medical treatment, a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Capezzuoli Tommaso , Maseroli Elisa , Barra Fabio , Vannuccini Silvia , Vignozzi Linda , De Mitri Paola , Baggio Silvia , Ceccaroni Marcello , Petraglia Felice
Published: October 2023

Background Sexual health is a major concern in women with endometriosis, however only a few controlled studies have examined this with validated instruments. The effect of hormonal treatments on sexual function in endometriosis is also an underrated topic. The aim of this study was to investigate sexual function of patients with endometriosis by a specific tool to better evaluate their sexual function (including different domains), and the influence of hormonal treatment or surgery on these parameters. Methods An observational, cross-sectional, multicentre study was conducted in a group (n=194) of sexually active, women aged 25–45 years old, with surgical or ultrasonographic diagnosis of endometriosis, referred to the Endometriosis Center of Careggi University Hospital or Negrar di Valpolicella. Sexual function was assessed by administering the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), which assesses the domains of desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain. FSFI scores were compared to those of a control group (n=58) and according to the treatment received by patients with endometriosis. Results Ovarian endometriosis was present in 50 patients (25.8%), deep infiltrating endometriosis in 65 patients (33.5%) and both in 79 patients (40.7%). Adenomyosis coexisted in 102 patients (52.6%). Women with endometriosis reported a mean total FSFI score of 18.3 [4.2-25.8] (< 26.55), indicating female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in all patients. At multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounders (BMI and hormonal therapy), women with endometriosis presented significantly lower scores than controls in all the FSFI (p<0.001). Patients with endometriosis under hormonal treatments (n=124; 64%), regardless of the type, had significantly lower scores in all FSFI subscales and total score, even after adjusting for confounders—age, BMI and history of surgery. Conclusions Patients with endometriosis are at risk for FSD, encompassing not only dyspareunia, but all domains of sexual function. Hormonal treatments do not result in improvement in sexual symptoms.
Scenario-Based Robust Optimization for Two-Stage Decision Making Under Binary Uncertainty
Authors: Wang Kai , Aydemir Mehmet , Jacquillat Alexandre
Published: October 2023

This paper addresses problems of two-stage optimization under binary uncertainty. We define a scenario-based robust optimization (ScRO) formulation that combines principles of stochastic optimization (by constructing probabilistic scenarios) and robust optimization (by protecting against adversarial perturbations within discrete uncertainty sets). To solve it, we develop a sparse row generation algorithm that iterates between a master problem (which provides a lower bound based on minimal uncertainty sets) and a history-based subproblem (which generates an upper bound and updates minimal uncertainty sets). We generate scenarios and uncertainty sets from element-wise probabilities using a deviation likelihood method or from historical samples using a sample clustering approach. Using public data sets, results suggest that (i) our ScRO formulation outperforms benchmarks based on deterministic, stochastic, and robust optimization; (ii) our deviation likelihood and sample clustering approaches outperform scenario generation baselines; and (iii) our sparse row generation algorithm outperforms off-the-shelf implementation and state-of-the-art cutting plane benchmarks. An application to a real-world ambulance dispatch case study suggests that the proposed modeling and algorithmic approach can reduce the number of late responses by more than 25%.

Funding: K. Wang’s research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72322002, 52221005, and 52220105001]
A prospective study on skin and soft tissue infections: a fact-finding mission from a tertiary centre in north India
Authors: Agarwal Nitin , Ashutosh  , Sharma Ashish , Gupta Arun
Published: October 2023

Objective:

Despite the high prevalence and poor outcome of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), very few studies from India have dealt with the subject. We planned a prospective study of inpatients with SSTIs to study the aetiology, clinical presentation (severity) and outcome of patients with SSTIs in our facility.

Method:

Patients with SSTIs involving >5% body surface area (BSA) and/or systemic signs were admitted to the surgery department of a teaching tertiary level hospital in Delhi, India, and were clinically classified into cellulitis, necrotising soft tissue infections (NSTIs), pyomyositis, and abscess. Demographic and clinical variables such as: age; sex; occupation; history of trauma/insect or animal bites; duration of illness; presenting symptoms and signs; comorbid conditions; predisposing factors such as lymphoedema or venous disease; hospital course; treatment instituted; complications; hospital outcome; presence of crepitus, bullae, gangrene, muscle necrosis and compartment syndrome were recorded. The chief outcome parameters were death and length of hospital stay; others, such as abscess drainage, the need for plastic surgical procedures and amputations were also noted.

Results:

Out of 250 patients enrolled in the study, 145 (58%) had NSTIs, 64 (26%) had abscesses, 15 (6%) had cellulitis and 26 (10%) had pyomyositis. Mortality was observed with NSTIs (27/145, 19%) and with pyomyositis (3/26, 11.5%). Factors affecting mortality by univariate analysis in the NSTI group were: abnormal pulse; hypotension; tachypnea; bullae; increased blood urea and serum creatinine; inotrope or ventilator support (all with p<0.001); local tenderness, gangrene, dialysis support and BSA (9.33±6.44 versus 5.12±3.62; p<0.05 for the last four). No factor was found to be significant on multivariate analysis. Variables associated with hospital stay >12 days were immunocompromise, pus discharge, ulceration or gangrene, and after interventions such as blood transfusion, drainage or skin grafting.

Conclusion:

High prevalence of NSTI and pyomyositis with high mortality was observed in our SSTI patients, often in immunocompetent young individuals. Epidemiological studies focused on virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus may be required to identify the cause, since Staphylococcal toxins have been implicated in other infections.
Six steps to dealing with a ransomware attack
Authors: Dimitriadis Chris
Published: October 2023

No organisation is safe from ransomware, and the threat it poses is only becoming more widespread and severe. However, there are ways to prepare yourself for an attack, and for dealing with the consequences once it occurs. Being ready can significantly reduce the impact when ransomware strikes.
The challenges of data sovereignty
Authors: Pamplin Simon
Published: October 2023

Any companies still adopting a tech-first strategy for cyber security are entirely misunderstanding the intentions of global data protection regulation – and as a result are leaving both individuals and the business dangerously exposed. There are broader issues of data governance, including data sovereignty, that involve the whole of the organisation's management team.
Design and Optimization of Ganciclovir Nanosuspension Loaded In Situ Gelling Mucoadhesive Eye Drops for Herpetic Keratitis
Authors:   Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand., Suriyaamporn Phuvamin , Pamornpathomkul Boonnada ,   Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand., Rojanarata Theerasak ,   Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand., Patrojanasophon Prasopchai ,   Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand., Opanasopit Praneet ,   Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand., Ngawhirunpat Tanasait ,   Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand.
Published: October 2023

Ganciclovir (GCR), an antiviral drug used to treat herpetic keratitis, is less effective because of its poor bioavailability (BCS III). Nanosuspension (NS) is a promising technique for improving solubility and the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs by size reduction. Topical solution or conventional eye drop represents the easiest route to deliver drugs to the anterior eye segment; however, low precorneal retention, high nasolacrimal drainage, and metabolic degradation lead to low bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, incorporating GCR-NS into mucoadhesive in situ gel-forming (ISG) could enhance its ocular permeability and drug bioavailability. Therefore, this study aimed to design and optimize GCR-NS-loaded in situ gelling mucoadhesive eye drops (GCR-NS-loaded mucoadhesive ISG) for improving ophthalmic delivery. Pluronic® F127 (P127), an ophthalmic gel forming, was selected as a polymer due to self-gelling formation by temperature-triggered in situ gelling at ocular temperature. Moreover, hyaluronic acid-modified catechol (HA-cat), a novel mucoadhesive polymer, was combined to achieve the desired ocular mucoadhesion and facilitate ophthalmic delivery. Optimized GCR-NS formulation prepared using the nanoprecipitation technique was selected based on the central composite design (CCD) model by evaluating their particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential, before being loaded into mucoadhesive ISG. The optimal GCR-NS-loaded mucoadhesive ISG (F7) revealed the desired physicochemical properties with better viscosity, mucoadhesion, and gelling capacity at physiological conditions, high ocular permeation with a sustained manner over 24 h compared to eye drop suspension. Accordingly, GCR-NS-loaded mucoadhesive ISG could be a promising ocular delivery system for the effective local delivery of GCR for herpetic keratitis. Keywords: Ganciclovir, Nanosuspension, Mucoadhesive eye drop, Ophthalmic delivery, In situ gelling
Beneficiation of Coal with Biochemical Method and Effect of Treated Coal on Boiler Efficiency in Power Generatation
Authors: Ulavapalli Gangadhara Reddy , Koyilapu Rambabu , Reddy G. V. Subba , Chran T. Gouri , Krishna V. Murali , Duvvuri Sreedhar Reddy
Published: October 2023

In India it has become a major challenging task in majority of thermal power stations to maintain heat rate as per design norms due to problems associated with coal quality and constraints in operation and maintenance practices. Heat rate refers to the amount of heat required to generate one unit of power which mainly depends upon coal quality. Boiler efficiency and heat rate are mainly influenced by key quality parameters of the coal that is ash, moisture, volatile matter, net calorific value of coal, ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter and grindability of coal. In this research study an effort is being made to improve coal quality by using bio-extracts derived from leaves of citrus limon in combination with lower concentrations of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) and compare boiler efficiency/heat rate with raw and beneficiated coals. Phyto extract derived from citrus limon is effective in demineralizing Aluminium and Pyrite minerals in coal and EDTA is successful for removal of Calcium and Magnesium mineral components of coal and hence calorific value of coal is increased. Results suggesting that usage beneficiated coals improving the boiler efficiency and reducing the heat rate of the thermal unit there by crores of rupee can be saved.
Recent Monitoring of Ground Water Quality in and Around Industrial Area of Vellore City at Two Different Monsoon Periods, South India
Authors: Priya M. Sangeetha , Ansari A. Thaminum , Kanchana V.
Published: October 2023

The present study focuses on the assessment of seasonal variation in groundwater quality of in and around industrial area of Vellore City. The samples were collected seasonally and are categorized as premonsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon during April 2022 and March 2023. Eighteen physicochemical parameters were assessed for forty eight different samples collected along the region of in and around industrial area of Vellore City at two different Monsoon periods. The analysis of the water quality parameters, including pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, CO32-, SO42-, and heavy metals, was done in accordance with BIS and WHO standards. The results of these surveys were used to pinpoint the geochemical processes taking place in this area. According to the analytical findings, there were significant variations in the water quality inclinations between samples and locations. Water management and treatment policy decisions can be made with the support of water quality analysis which can also help to identify potential health issues.
Search for New Inhibitors of Human Aromatase Enzyme (Cyp450) from Bioactive Compounds of Citrus species
Authors: Saha Moumita , Chatterjee Sirshendu
Published: October 2023

Oestrogen synthesis pathway is one of the bottom line steps for breast cancer advancement; involving, aromatase enzyme (Cyp450), which transform androgens to oestrogens. Thus endocrine-based therapies comprising of human aromatase blockage is the most necessary way in order to decrease the oestrogen levels and thereafter prohibiting the chances of breast cancer commencement. In recent years, limelight on drug discovery from green sources has been growing for their less toxicity and cost effectiveness. Our present course of study aims at searching of new antagonist/s from a common dietary source “Citrus species”. Molecular docking along with in-silico evaluation their pharmacokinetics (ADME) properties and toxicity were employed to fulfill the aim. Result shows that, all the five Citrus compounds have reasonable affinity towards cytochrome p450. However, Hesperidin shows highest affinity towards its target receptor protein i.e. -9.7 kcal/ mol, followed by Chalcone that shows the lowest affinity towards its target protein i.e. -7.4 kcal/ mol. Hence, bioactive components of Citrus species can be green alternatives for breast cancer therapy.
Rheology of Almond (Prunus amygdalus) Oil used as Biodegradable Lubricant
Authors: Stanciu* Ioana
Published: October 2023

Almond (Prunus amygdalus) oil is recommended for those for whom other treatments to remedy hair loss problems have not worked. Almond oil was studied at increasing temperatures and shear rates and we obtained the rheological parameters corresponding to the oil through regression. This paper reflects a study on the rheology of almond oil used as biodegradable lubricant using the Brookfield RVDV II I Ultra Rheometer system.
Synthesis of CeO2-GO Nano Composite and its Impact on SOD1 Protein Through Computation Study: Molecular Docking
Authors: Chitrarasu S. , Selvam A. , Yogapriya M. , Boopath K. i , Selvapriya K.
Published: October 2023

Motor neuron disease (MND) has become the most widespread neurodegenerative disease, like ALS, AD, and PD, affecting millions of human beings worldwide. Among these, ALS disease plays a major role in MND. The metal oxides have an essential role in neurodegenerative diseases. Cerium oxide nanoparticles have received a lot of attention in recent years as a potential future remedy for treating a variety of problems due to their redox activity, free radical scavenging capabilities, biofilm suppression, and other features. We are using molecular docking experiments to better understand the interaction of transition metal oxides (CeO2) with mutated and Non-mutated SOD1 proteins. Through the use of molecular docking studies, the structural relationship between amino acids, binding energy, and ligand efficiency was investigated. Auto-dock analysis also reveals that the CeO2 nanoparticle has significant binding energy. In this work, we synthesize a Cerium oxide/GO composite and examine its impact on mutant and non-mutant SOD1 proteins, as well as antioxidant assays (SOD3), anti-microbial activity, and CV analysis.
Innovative ecosystem based on a sixtuple helix on the example of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Authors: Wojnicka-Sycz Elżbieta , Sycz Piotr
Published: October 2023

Cel pracy

Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja zaproponowanego modelu ekosystemu innowacyjnego opartego na sześciokrotnej helisie: przedsiębiorstwa, instytucje pośredniczące, nauka, administracja, społeczeństwo i środowisko przyrodnicze, odpowiadającego post-materialistycznemu paradygmatowi w innowacyjności. Model ten uzupełnia istniejące modele helis systemu innowacyjnego o instytucje pośredniczące w transferze innowacji, a także o nowe rodzaje innowacji (ekoinnowacje, innowacje społeczne etc.). Wskazuje się też na paradygmat post-materialistyczny jako kierunek rozwoju paradygmatu systemowego w nauce, a także w innowacyjności.

Materiał i metody

Wykonano badania sondażowe przy wykorzystaniu kwestionariusza ankiety internetowej (CAWI) 145 podmiotów podkarpackiego systemu innowacyjnego, w większości przedsiębiorstw. Podstawą dla sformułowania kwestionariusza ankiety był zaproponowany model sześciokrotnej helisy. Rezultaty badań zostały przeanalizowane z wykorzystaniem regresji logitowej.

Wyniki

Badania pokazały, że cele zrównoważonego rozwoju są ważne dla podmiotów województwa podkarpackiego, a także, że dość wiele z nich deklaruje współpracę z przedstawicielami różnych grup sześciokrotnej helisy. Dla podmiotów realizujących projekty badawczo-rozwojowe i innowacyjne (B+R+I) szczególnie ważna była współpraca z naukowcami, firmami konsultingowymi oraz w organizacjach członkowskich.

Wnioski

Badania potwierdziły holistyczny, systemowy charakter innowacyjności oraz duże znaczenie podejścia do innowacyjności spójnego ze zrównoważonym rozwojem odpowiadającym post-materializmowi. Wyniki wskazują, że w odniesieniu do badań innowacyjności na poziomie krajowym czy innych województw należy uwzględniać nowe cele innowacyjności jakie są powiązane ze społeczną odpowiedzialnością biznesu w jej wymiarze społecznym i środowiskowym.