bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assisted Human Reproduction in Common Law Canada after the Supreme Court of Canada Reference: Moving beyond Regulation by Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons
Authors: Guichon Juliet , Mitchell Ian , Doig Christopher
Published: January 2014

The Supreme Court of Canada’s opinion in Reference re Assisted Human Reproduction Act effectively decided that it was for provinces and territories to regulate most aspects of assisted human reproduction. Since the 2010 ruling, only Québec has passed legislation to govern the field. Although two colleges of physicians and surgeons have adopted medical practice guidelines, approximately forty-two fertility clinics in common law Canada lack detailed regulatory oversight. This article argues that such lack of specific regulation of assisted human reproduction in common law provinces is a waste of the public money and effort invested since the 1980s. Further, physician colleges are ill positioned to be the sole provincial regulator of practices and procedures conducted primarily on women’s bodies that aim to bring new humans to life. Provincial legislatures in common law Canada should urgently adopt the values expressed both by the Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies and by the Canadian Parliament and use similarly open and transparent processes. They ought to collaborate to adopt a regulatory mechanism (similar to that pioneered by the Uniform Conference of Canada or adopted in securities regulation) to govern assisted human reproduction in common law Canada primarily in the interests of women and the children to be created.
L’éclipse : quelques empreintes de l’anthropologue féministe Britannique Marilyn Strathern sur l’encadrement normatif des dons de gamètes
Authors: Jacob Marie-Andrée
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this article is to focus on certain areas in the work of anthropologist Dame Marilyn Strathern, which have a special resonance in feminist and socio-legal debates surrounding the regulation of assisted human reproduction. I will first consider a beneficial intervention by Strathern in the debate around the practice of gamete and embryo donation. One might call this intervention the eclipse. I will then illustrate Strathern’s contribution through an example drawn from my own research: the paired donation. Paired donation is a medical, legal, economic, and social artefact, a “found object” from my ethnographic study of a hospital unit specializing in organ donation. I will analyze paired donation using recognizable “Strathernian” tools. This strategy does not do justice to the wealth of the still forward-thinking work of Strathern. It will, however, illustrate the type of work she engages her report subjects in.
Totalitarian Language
Authors: Fuentes Juan Francisco
Published: January 2014

This article deals with totalitarianism and its language, conceived as both the denial and to some extent the reversal of liberalism and its conceptual framework. Overcoming liberal language meant not only setting up new political terminology, but also replacing words with symbols, ideas with sensations. This is why the standard political lexicon of totalitarianism became hardly more than a slang vocabulary for domestic consumption and, by contrast, under those regimes—mainly Italian fascism, Nazism, and Stalinism—a amboyant universe of images, sounds, and metaphors arose. Many of these images revolved around the human body as a powerful means to represent a charismatic leadership and, at the same time, an organic conception of their national communities. Totalitarian language seems to be a propitious way to explore the “dark side” of conceptual history, constituted by symbols rather than words.
Reviews
Authors: Schwandt Silke , Kontler László , Korhonen Anu , Boilard Marie-Christine , Strang Johan
Published: January 2014

Burkhard Hasebrink, Susanne Bernhardt, and Imke Früh, eds., Semantik
der Gelassenheit: Generierung, Etablierung, Transformation [Semantics of
detachment: Formation, establishment, transformation] (Göttingen:
Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 2012), 319 pp.

Martin J. Burke and Melvin Richter, eds., Why Concepts Matter: Translating
Social and Political Thought (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2012), 240 pp.

Ute Frevert, Monique Scheer, Anne Schmidt, Pascal Eitler, Bettina Hitzer,
Nina Verheyen, Benno Gammerl, Christian Bailey, and Margrit Pernau,
Gefühlswissen: Eine lexikalische Spurensuche in der Moderne [Emotional
knowledge: In search of lexical clues in modernity] (Frankfurt and New
York: Campus Verlag, 2011), 364 pp.

Julia Harfensteller, The United Nations and Peace: The Evolution of an
Organizational Concept (Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2011), 355 pp.

Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann, ed., Human Rights in the Twentieth Century
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 351 pp.
Polarization Curve of a Non-Uniformly Aged PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Kulikovsky Andrei
Published: January 2014

We develop a semi-analytical model for polarization curve of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell with distributed (aged) along the oxygen channel MEA transport and kinetic parameters of the membrane–electrode assembly (MEA). We show that the curve corresponding to varying along the channel parameter, in general, does not reduce to the curve for a certain constant value of this parameter. A possibility to determine the shape of the deteriorated MEA parameter along the oxygen channel by fitting the model equation to the cell polarization data is demonstrated.
Eggs and Poultry Purchase, Storage, and Preparation Practices of Consumers in Selected Asian Countries
Authors: Koppel Kadri , Suwonsichon Suntaree , Chitra Uma , Lee Jeehyun , Chambers IV Edgar
Published: January 2014

The objective of this study was to begin characterizing purchase, storage, handling, and preparation of poultry products and eggs by selected consumers in three Asian countries: India, Korea, and Thailand. Approximately 100 consumers in each location were recruited to participate in this study. The consumers were surveyed about eggs and poultry purchase behavior characteristics, such as temperatures and locations, storage behavior, such as storage locations in the refrigerator or freezer, preparation behavior, such as washing eggs and poultry before cooking, and handling behavior, such as using cutting boards during cooking. The results indicated differences in purchase and storage practices of raw eggs. Most Korean consumers purchased refrigerated eggs and stored the eggs in the refrigerator, while Indian and Thai consumers bought eggs that were stored at room temperature, but would refrigerate the eggs at home. Approximately half of the consumers in each country froze raw meat, poultry, or seafood. Food preparation practices showed potential for cross-contamination during cooking, such as using the same cutting board for different kinds of foods or not washing hands with soap and water. The results presented in this pilot study may lead to development of educational messages and raising consumer awareness of food safety practices in Asian countries.
G Protein-Coupled Receptors: What a Difference a ‘Partner’ Makes
Authors: Roux Benoît , Cottrell Graeme
Published: January 2014

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important cell signaling mediators, involved in essential physiological processes. GPCRs respond to a wide variety of ligands from light to large macromolecules, including hormones and small peptides. Unfortunately, mutations and dysregulation of GPCRs that induce a loss of function or alter expression can lead to disorders that are sometimes lethal. Therefore, the expression, trafficking, signaling and desensitization of GPCRs must be tightly regulated by different cellular systems to prevent disease. Although there is substantial knowledge regarding the mechanisms that regulate the desensitization and down-regulation of GPCRs, less is known about the mechanisms that regulate the trafficking and cell-surface expression of newly synthesized GPCRs. More recently, there is accumulating evidence that suggests certain GPCRs are able to interact with specific proteins that can completely change their fate and function. These interactions add on another level of regulation and flexibility between different tissue/cell-types. Here, we review some of the main interacting proteins of GPCRs. A greater understanding of the mechanisms regulating their interactions may lead to the discovery of new drug targets for therapy.
Optimization and Evaluation of Magnetic Bead Separation Combined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) for Proteins Profiling of Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent
Authors: Guo Na , Wen Qiong , Li Zhi-Jian , Xu Ri-Cong , Peng Fen-Fen , Yu Xue-Qing
Published: January 2014

Peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) potentially carries an archive of peptides relevant to pathological processes in abdominal and surrounding tissues. Magnetic beads and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is one such approach that offers a unique tool for profiling of peptides, but this approach has not been used in the PDE analysis. In this study, we developed a strategy for screening PDE proteins <15 kDa and applied this technique to identify potential biomarkers for peritonitis. We examined four kinds of magnetic beads, including a carbon series (C3, C8), weak cation exchange (WCX) and immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC-Cu) beads. Samples processed with IMAC-Cu magnetic beads consistently showed more MS signals across all beads within the measured mass range. Moreover, there was no difference in the number and morphology of MS signals between concentrated and unconcentrated samples. The PDE peptidome pattern, based on a panel of 15 peaks, accurately recognized peritonitis PD patients from peritonitis-free patients with sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 94.7% respectively. Therefore, IMAC-Cu magnetic beads and unconcentrated samples can be used as a fast and cost-effective approach for sample preparation prior to more in-depth discovery of predictive biomarkers of disease in patients on dialysis.
On the Rule of Mixtures for Predicting Stress-Softening and Residual Strain Effects in Biological Tissues and Biocompatible Materials
Authors: Elías-Zúñiga Alex , Baylón Karen , Ferrer Inés , Serenó Lídia , García-Romeu Maria , Bagudanch Isabel , Grabalosa Jordi , Pérez-Recio Tania , Martínez-Romero Oscar , Ortega-Lara Wendy , Elizalde Luis
Published: January 2014

In this work, we use the rule of mixtures to develop an equivalent material model in which the total strain energy density is split into the isotropic part related to the matrix component and the anisotropic energy contribution related to the fiber effects. For the isotropic energy part, we select the amended non-Gaussian strain energy density model, while the energy fiber effects are added by considering the equivalent anisotropic volumetric fraction contribution, as well as the isotropized representation form of the eight-chain energy model that accounts for the material anisotropic effects. Furthermore, our proposed material model uses a phenomenological non-monotonous softening function that predicts stress softening effects and has an energy term, derived from the pseudo-elasticity theory, that accounts for residual strain deformations. The model’s theoretical predictions are compared with experimental data collected from human vaginal tissues, mice skin, poly(glycolide-co-caprolactone) (PGC25 3-0) and polypropylene suture materials and tracheal and brain human tissues. In all cases examined here, our equivalent material model closely follows stress-softening and residual strain effects exhibited by experimental data.
The Marine Fungal Metabolite, AD0157, Inhibits Angiogenesis by Targeting the Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: García-Caballero Melissa , Cañedo Librada , Fernández-Medarde Antonio , Medina Miguel , Quesada Ana
Published: January 2014

In the course of a screening program for the inhibitors of angiogenesis from marine sources, AD0157, a pyrrolidinedione fungal metabolite, was selected for its angiosupressive properties. AD0157 inhibited the growth of endothelial and tumor cells in culture in the micromolar range. Our results show that subtoxic doses of this compound inhibit certain functions of endothelial cells, namely, differentiation, migration and proteolytic capability. Inhibition of the mentioned essential steps of in vitro angiogenesis is in agreement with the observed antiangiogenic activity, substantiated by using two in vivo angiogenesis models, the chorioallantoic membrane and the zebrafish embryo neovascularization assays, and by the ex vivo mouse aortic ring assay. Our data indicate that AD0157 induces apoptosis in endothelial cells through chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, increases in the subG1 peak and caspase activation. The data shown here altogether indicate for the first time that AD0157 displays antiangiogenic effects, both in vitro and in vivo, that are exerted partly by targeting the Akt signaling pathway in activated endothelial cells. The fact that these effects are carried out at lower concentrations than those required for other inhibitors of angiogenesis makes AD0157 a new promising drug candidate for further evaluation in the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-related pathologies.
Understanding the Process of Envelope Glycoprotein Incorporation into Virions in Simian and Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses
Authors: Affranchino José , González Silvia
Published: January 2014

The lentiviral envelope glycoproteins (Env) mediate virus entry by interacting with specific receptors present at the cell surface, thereby determining viral tropism and pathogenesis. Therefore, Env incorporation into the virions formed by assembly of the viral Gag polyprotein at the plasma membrane of the infected cells is a key step in the replication cycle of lentiviruses. Besides being useful models of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in humans and valuable tools for developing AIDS therapies and vaccines, simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses (SIV and FIV, respectively) are relevant animal retroviruses; the study of which provides important information on how lentiviral replication strategies have evolved. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the incorporation of the SIV and FIV Env glycoproteins into viral particles.
The Alfonso II Document of 812, the Annales Portugalenses Veteres and the Continuity of the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo as the Kingdom of Asturias
Authors: Montenegro Julia , Castillo Arcadio del
Published: January 2014

The Alfonso II charter of 812 supports our theory that the Kingdom of Asturias was a continuation of the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo. From a reading of the document it can be deduced that the determination to recover Hispania stood at the heart of what we call the Reconquest, and therefore simply constituted an attempt to recover the ancient Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo, lost as a result of the Muslim invasion of 711. The same idea of continuity is also present, albeit less clearly defined, in the Annales Portugalenses Veteres. Apart from this, the identification of Hispania with the Visigothic Kingdom as one and the same, to the extent that the two terms became interchangeable, was developed in the first quarter of the 7th century by Isidore of Seville, and was reinforced in the second half of that century by Julian of Toledo. However, they were already being treated as equivalent by Gregory of Tours in the second half of the 6th century, by Fredegar, in the mid-7th century, and by the Papal Chancery of Leo II in the last quarter of the 7th century.
Stedelijke communicatie in de Late Middeleeuwen. Aard, motivaties en politieke implicaties
Authors: Lowagie Hannes
Published: January 2014

Dit artikel behandelt het laatmiddeleeuws Vlaamse stedelijk netwerk vanuit de voortdurende contacten tussen de steden. Een dergelijke aanpak biedt een meerwaarde aan het vorig statisch onderzoek naar stedelijke netwerken. Centraal stond de vraag naar de invloed die informatiestromen hadden bij de ontwikkeling van het stedelijk netwerk. In een eerste deel kwamen de aard en snelheid van de communicatie aan bod. Vervolgens werd via een typologische analyse van de bodelijsten onderzocht waarom een stad boden uitstuurde. Wie contacteerde de stad om haar ambities te verwezenlijken ? Tot slot werd het belang van de informele geruchten geanalyseerd. Deze informatiestroom werd actief ingezet bij de offi ciële stedelijke communicatie, maar moest ook goed gecontroleerd worden. Officieuze geruchten bleken een sterke impact te hebben op de stedelijke politiek.
Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Associated with HCV and HBV Coinfection among Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-Infected Individuals
Authors: Gillis Jennifer , Smieja Marek , Cescon Angela , Rourke Sean B , Burchell Ann N , Cooper Curtis , Raboud Janet M ,   the OHTN Cohort Study Group, Taylor Darien , Collins Evan , Robinson Greg , Margolese Shari , Cupido Patrick , Pede Tony Di , Kennedy Rick , Hamilton Michael , King Ken , Finch Brian , Stoltz Lori , Bayoumi Ahmed , George Clemon , Cooper Curtis , Grennan Troy , Betts Adrian , Conway Tracey , Price Colleen
Published: January 2014

Background

The increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV is well established. Despite high prevalence of viral hepatitis coinfection with HIV, there are few studies on the risk of CVD amongst antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated coinfected patients.

Methods

Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study participants who initiated ART without prior CVD events were analysed. HBV and HCV coinfection were identified by serology and RNA test results. CVD was defined as any of: coronary artery disease including atherosclerosis, chronic ischaemic heart disease and arteriosclerotic vascular disease; myocardial infarction; congestive heart failure; cerebrovascular accident or stroke; coronary bypass; angioplasty; and sudden cardiac death. The impact of HBV and HCV coinfection on time to CVD was assessed using multivariable competing risk models accounting for left truncation between ART initiation and study enrolment.

Results

A total of 3,416 HIV-monoinfected, 432 HIV-HBV- and 736 HIV–HCV-coinfected individuals were followed for a median (IQR) of 2.32 years (1.36–8.02). Over the study period, 167 CVD events and 613 deaths were documented. After adjustment for age, gender, race, year initiating ART, weight and smoking status, HBV was not associated with time to CVD onset (aHR=1.05, 95% CI [0.63, 1.74]; P=0.86). There was an elevated risk of CVD for HCV-coinfected individuals, which approached statistical significance (aHR=1.44, 95% CI [0.97, 2.13]; P=0.07).

Conclusions

Our results are consistent with a moderate increase of CVD among individuals with HIV–HCV coinfection relative to those with HIV infection alone, lending support to consideration of initiation of HCV antiviral treatment.
Treatment of Hepatitis C with An Interferon-Based Lead-In Phase: A Perspective from Mathematical Modelling
Authors: Rong Libin , Guedj Jeremie , Dahari Harel , Perelson Alan S
Published: January 2014

Background

The standard of care for HCV genotype 1 is a protease inhibitor (telaprevir or boceprevir) combined with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). A lead-in phase of PEG-IFN/RBV therapy before addition of the protease inhibitor has been used, with the aim of improving response rates by reducing the development of protease inhibitor resistance. However, whether such a strategy can bring benefit to patients is unclear.

Methods

A viral dynamic model was used to compare in silico HCV dynamics in patients treated with a period of PEG-IFN/RBV lead-in therapy followed by the addition of a protease inhibitor versus immediate triple therapy without lead-in.

Results

The model predicts that both regimens result in a similar end-of-treatment viral load change (viral decline or breakthrough). Thus, the current lead-in strategy may not decrease the rate of viral breakthrough/relapse or increase the rate of sustained virological response. This agrees with available data from clinical trials of several HCV protease inhibitors, such as telaprevir, boceprevir and faldaprevir.

Conclusions

These results suggest that current PEG-IFN/RBV lead-in strategies may not improve treatment outcomes. However, viral kinetics during a period of PEG-IFN/RBV therapy, combined with other factors, such as the IL28B polymorphism and baseline viral load, can identify IFN-sensitive patients and help develop response-guided therapies.
Serum Cytokine Profile of Unaffected First-degree Relatives of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Barra Lillian , Summers Kelly , Bell David , Cairns Ewa
Published: January 2014

Objective.

Various cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and it is known that elevations in multiple cytokines occur prior to disease onset. The objective of our study is to determine whether the cytokine profile in unaffected first-degree relatives (FDR) of patients with RA is distinct from healthy controls.

Methods.

The sera of patients with RA, their unaffected FDR, and healthy controls were measured for 27 cytokines using a luminex-based multiplexed immunoassay. Subjects were also tested for rheumatoid factor and 6 different anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA). Discriminant analysis was performed to define the cytokine profile of the 3 study groups.

Results.

Fourteen patients with RA, 37 unaffected FDR, and 27 healthy controls were enrolled. All patients with RA and 49% of FDR were ACPA-positive. Patients with RA had elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines compared to FDR and controls. Lower interleukin 13 (IL-13) levels were independently associated with RA. IL-4 was significantly lower in FDR compared to controls. Using discriminant analysis based on the levels of all cytokines measured, RA, FDR, and healthy controls could be distinguished with 91% accuracy. ACPA-positive subjects had higher levels of IL-9, but lower levels of IL-12p70 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β. No individual cytokine was associated with ACPA-positivity in FDR, but the entire cytokine profile accurately distinguished ACPA-positive from ACPA-negative FDR.

Conclusion.

The cytokine profiles of patients with RA, healthy controls, unaffected ACPA-positive FDR, and ACPA-negative FDR appear to be distinct.
Antihomocitrullinated Fibrinogen Antibodies are Specific to Rheumatoid Arthritis and Frequently Bind Citrullinated Proteins/peptides
Authors: Scinocca Mathias , Bell David A. , Racapé Maud , Joseph Radha , Shaw Gary , McCormick John K. , Gladman Dafna D. , Pope Janet , Barra Lillian , Cairns Ewa
Published: January 2014

Objective.

Anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) are implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and linked to the shared epitope (SE). Citrulline modification is very similar to a different modified amino acid, homocitrulline. We investigated antihomocitrullinated protein/ peptide antibody (AHCPA) specificity for RA, whether ACPA were also able to bind homocitrullinated targets, and whether the SE could accommodate homocitrullinated peptide.

Methods.

Homocitrullinated fibrinogen was used to screen sera from patients with RA, psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, and healthy subjects for AHCPA using ELISA. Homocitrullination sites on fibrinogen were identified by mass spectrometry. ACPA were affinity-purified using a synthetic citrullinated peptide and tested for binding to homocitrullinated protein/peptide. Inhibition of antihomocitrullinated fibrinogen antibody binding was examined. Homocitrullinated peptide interaction with the SE was studied using computer modeling.

Results.

IgG antihomocitrullinated fibrinogen antibodies were found specifically in 49% of patients with RA. Enrichment of ACPA by affinity purification from 5 patients with RA also enriched AHCPA. Serum AHCPA was inhibited by citrullinated fibrinogen and more significantly by homocitrullinated fibrinogen. Computer modeling indicated that the SE could accommodate a homocitrullinated peptide without steric hindrance. Mass spectrometry identified that 89/103 lysines of fibrinogen could be homocitrullinated, and 5 peptides that could be both citrullinated and homocitrullinated and are predicted to bind the SE.

Conclusion.

Antihomocitrullinated fibrinogen antibodies are specific to RA. The presence of AHCPA coincides with ACPA, and AHCPA copurifies with ACPA in affinity purification and is inhibited by citrullinated and homocitrullinated antigens. Thus AHCPA and ACPA are frequently cross-reactive and homocitrullinated proteins/peptides may bind the SE.
Patient-reported Outcomes and Adult Patients’ Disease Experience in the Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Report from the OMERACT 11 Myositis Special Interest Group
Authors: Alexanderson Helene , Grande Maria Del , Bingham Clifton O. , Orbai Ana-Maria , Sarver Catherine , Clegg-Smith Katherine , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Song Yeong Wook , Christopher-Stine Lisa
Published: January 2014

The newly formed Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Myositis Special Interest Group (SIG) was established to examine patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) in myositis. At OMERACT 11, a literature review of PROM used in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and other neuromuscular conditions was presented. The group examined in more detail 2 PROM more extensively evaluated in patients with IIM, the Myositis Activities Profile, and the McMaster-Toronto Arthritis Patient Preference Disability Questionnaire, through the OMERACT filter of truth, discrimination, and feasibility. Preliminary results from a qualitative study of patients with myositis regarding their symptoms were discussed that emphasized the range of symptoms experienced: pain, physical tightness/stiffness, fatigue, disease effect on emotional life and relationships, and treatment-related side effects. Following discussion of these results and following additional discussions since OMERACT 11, a research agenda was developed. The next step in evaluating PROM in IIM will require additional focus groups with a spectrum of patients with different myositis disease phenotypes and manifestations across a range of disease activity, and from multiple international settings. The group will initially focus on dermatomyositis and polymyositis in adults. Qualitative analysis will facilitate the identification of commonalities and divergent patient-relevant aspects of disease, insights that are critical given the heterogeneous manifestations of these diseases. Based on these qualitative studies, existing myositis PROM can be examined to more thoroughly assess content validity, and will be important to identify gaps in domain measurement that will be required to develop a preliminary core set of patient-relevant domains for IIM.
Design a Kind of Oblique-Cone-Sliding-Ring Assembly Seal Device
Authors: Fang Jian Hua , Yan Wei
Published: January 2014

The design of seal device that can be used in carbide actor is a real problems.This paper presents a kind of oblique-cone-slid-ring (OCSR) assembly seal device that can self-compensate the seal wear in application. The max contact stress on the seal surface and other contact face is far bigger than the work stress of sealed medium in carbide actor. That means the design satisfies the user demand .
Keywords: oblique-cone-sliding-ring (OCSR) assembly seal; self-compensation to seal wear; finite element analysis; contact stress;
Study on Pneumatic Control of Shotcrete Machine Booster Manipulator
Authors: Song Ruo Feng , Yang Fei , Zhao Lei , Yang Yong Teng
Published: January 2014

This paper introduces a new type of matching toolshotcrete machine booster manipulator which is used to support tunnels and roadways under the mine. The working principle, feed mechanism and operating mechanism of shotcrete machine booster manipulator are mainly described in this article. Moreover, some key factors should be considered in the design process, which can achieve better jet effect.
Analysis of Pre-Tightening Strength of Ship Tail Shaft Coupling Based on Workbench Software
Authors: Liang Xing Xin , Liu Zheng Lin , Liu Jiao
Published: January 2014

Coupling is mostly used for the connection of two shafts, widely in ship machinery. Because the vibration and impact of propeller under alternating load, the tail shaft work conditions are harsh, pre-tightening force plays an important role in the performance of tail shaft coupling. In this paper, based on conventional coupling, achieve pre-tightening by applying pre-tightening lock bolt at the circumference of pre-tightening nut, determine the pre-tightening force according to empirical formula, analyse the pre-tightening strength by using of Workbench finite element software, get the stress distribution of related parts, to explore the effect of pre-tightening force on the stress of related parts of coupling.
A Novel Design on Uniform Heating Wire Coil of Induction Cooker
Authors: Zhu Jia Xiong , Tong Qiang
Published: January 2014

In this paper, based on the principle of induction heating and eddy current fields working, the equivalent circuit model of induction cooker heating was proposed and analyzed. By using the finite element numerical analysis software, the optimization design and model simulations of induction cooker were implemented. Finally, a new design of induction cooker with the uniform heating-coil was proposed, and the magnetic circuit modeling and simulation of new type induction cooker heating was carried out, the eddy current loss density distribution in the common wire coil and the improved wire coil was separately calculated and compared. The results shown the new wire coil had higher energy efficiency and more uniform heating characteristics, which provided a reference for the future optimization design and development of induction cooker.
Study and Design on High Temperature Air Combustion of Hot Blast Stove
Authors: Zhang Fu Ming , Hu Zu Rui , Cheng Shu Sen
Published: January 2014

During Hot Blast Stove (HBS) combustion, NOxforms rapidly when the flame temperature above 1420°C. In order to restrain the amount of NOxformation during combustion of HBS, the formation mechanism of NOxis investigated, and the NOxformation rate and amount in HBS are calculated by means of thermodynamic model. A new type of dome combustion HBS is developed based on high temperature air combustion (HTAC) technology. A comparison on the combustion process and characteristic of conventional HBS and HTAC HBS is performed by application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation model. Temperature and concentration distribution, flame shape and NOxconcentration distribution of two kinds of stove are calculated. The result shows quite symmetrical HTAC stove temperature distribution. Under the same dome temperature, NOxamount is 80ppm only, reduced by approximate 76% in comparison with conventional stove.
The Influences of the Load Distribution Pattern and the Position of the Locomotive on Train Longitudinal Dynamics
Authors: Xu Yan , Zhao Shi Yun , Wang Na Na
Published: January 2014

According to the principle of the train longitudinal dynamics, the heavy haul longitudinal dynamics nonlinear model is established to analyze the influences of the load distribution pattern and the locomotive position on train longitudinal dynamics. The study of this paper is divided into two parts. The first, train model is composed by a locomotive and six trailers, researching the influences of the load distribution pattern on train longitudinal dynamics, the analysis results show that, the best load distribution pattern is the descending from head to tail of the train, in this case, the coupler force is minimum, and the train longitudinal dynamics is best; the second, train model is composed by two locomotives and five trailers, researching the influences of the position of the locomotive on train longitudinal dynamics. The analysis results show that, if the first locomotive is at the head of the train, then the second locomotives best position is at the end of the train, in this case, the coupler is minimum. But the train longitudinal dynamics performance is the worst with two locomotives are located in the head.
An Improved VSVPWM Strategy of Considering Neutral-Point Potential Balancing in Three-Level NPC Converter
Authors: Gui Shi Weng , Wang Lu , Huang Sheng Hua
Published: January 2014

Neutral-point (NP)-clamped three-level converter is a widely used topology in the research fields of the multilevel converters, which suffers from the NP voltage drift as its main technical drawback. In theory, it is based on the fact that the virtual space vector modulation approach could completely control the balance of neutral-point potential, so this paper introduces a improved control strategy of neutral-point potential balancing in three-level converter, which combines the space vector modulation approach based on virtual vectors with the algorithm of modifying small vectors pairs distribution time accurately. Relative to the traditional proposed algorithm of setting voltage tolerance range to modify small vectors pairs distribution time,the performance of algorithm of capacitor charge balancing is better and its accuracy of control is more precise. The feasibility of the proposed control approach has been verified via experiment results.
Design Parameters Sensitivity Analysis of Lathe Saddle
Authors: Duan Ming De , Liu Kang Hua , Ji Xiao Xiao , Zhang Tao Feng
Published: January 2014

The design of lathe saddle depends on the designer experience mostly. To solve this problem, the 3D model is established to analyze the mode frequency base on parameterization design and the modal sensitivity of design parameters of lathe saddle is analyzed. According to the results of modal analysis, the sensitivity curves of important design parameters that have great influence on modal frequency are found out. These results are vital reference for the design of lathe saddle.
The Research of the New High Voltage Reactive Power Compensation Device Based on the Compound Switch
Authors: Wang Yin Sheng , Qiao Xue Di
Published: January 2014

With the increase of power system load, the demand for reactive power is also increasing. In order to ensure the power quality and improve equipment utilization, transmission of reactive power in power grid can lead to network loss and the voltage of the electricity. Installing reactive power compensation device in power grid is the essential means to meet the demand of power grid reactive power [1].The parallel capacitor reactive power compensation device is equipped in the coal mine 3.3 kV system reactive power compensation [2]. Introducing the parallel capacitor reactive power compensation principle and related problems, analysis of the current commonly uses contactor, relay and thyristor switch device, chooses the contactor and breaks pipe parallel composite switch which can have contact and non-contact switch to solve their problems [3]. Using software EMTP simulation composite switch voltage zero input, the result is very good to restrain the impact flow; Compound switch off after current zero avoids the contactor breaking arc, the simulation thyristor compound switch and diode in parallel.
Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Welding Joints of 7A05 Aluminum Alloy by FSW
Authors: Chen Dong Gao , Liu Jin He , Ma Zhi Hua , Yang Wu Lin
Published: January 2014

The7A05 aluminum alloy of the 10mm thickness was welded by the friction stir welding. The microstructure and mechanical Properties of the welded joint was researched by the optical microscope, etc. The results showed: the microstructure of the weld nugget zone and the thermal mechanically affected zone were refined as the welding speed increasing when the rotate speed is constant. As the welding speed increasing the strength of extension of the welded joint is increasing at first and then stable basically. but the yield strength had no obvious change.
Discussion the Method of the Flocculation Flow Field Measurement by PIV
Authors: Gao Jun Feng
Published: January 2014

Particle image velocimetry was applied to measure the velocity field during the flocculation process under the conditions that the flocs compounded with kaolin and polyaluminium chloride were used as seed particles without any other special seed particle during the flocculation process. The results indicated that the flocs formed in the flocculation process can be used as seed particles to measure the instantaneous velocity maps of the flow field with good performance during the flocculation process by PIV. At the same time, the experimental results proved that PIV can be exploited as a useful tool in the synchronism measurement the velocity field and flocculation processes.
Preliminary Exploration of Electrohydrodynamic Wind Power
Authors: Zhang Shu Fen , Zhang Xin Ming
Published: January 2014

The combination of electrohydrodynamic and wind forms a new kind of power generation mode. Strong electric field induction charged method makes water mist form electrofluid to offer ions, and air pump offers wind. The experimental phenomenon is tested by oscilloscope. The oscilloscope waveform records the effects of wind. The results show that the wind power generator unit can make wind force overcome electric field force to convert wind energy into electricity.
A Solar Battery Structure for Consumer Electronic Devices
Authors: Li Chun Xiao , He Da Wei , Li Yun , Sun Mei , Chen Xuan , Zhang Zheng Hua , Shen Jia Jun
Published: January 2014

In recent years, new personal and home hold Consumer Electronic Devices (CEDs) areemerging rapidly, such as smart phones, panel computers, and electronic vehicles. All of these CEDsare surely convenient for our daily lives, but users usually have a common feeling on the CEDs: thebattery cannot support the CEDS for long time working, which require charging the batteries withinonly several hours. Considering this urgent issue, this paper presented a solar battery structure with abigger capacity for consumer electronic devices. This battery consisted of four parts: solar panel part,energy management part, energy storage part and DC/DC converter part. Especially, a super-capacitorwas performed as the energy storage part, which was based on transmission line model. A simplesimulation was done for evaluating the performances of the proposed structure. The simulation resultsindicated that, the proposed battery structure had a bigger capacity and higher output power, whichwas more suitable for CEDs.
Design of Vibration Isolation Device for Ship Power Equipment and Investigation on its Dynamic Properties
Authors: Fang Yuan Yuan , Zhang Guo Hong , Li Ya Fan , Qi Peng Zhe
Published: January 2014

Mechanical noise caused by power equipment vibration is the main source of underwater radiated noise of the ship, and vibration isolation and noise reduction of ship equipment has been widely concerned. Therefore,a vibration isolation system designed for four sets of auxiliary engine of ship cabin was investigated in the paper, aimed to further reveal the influence of various parameters including floating raft shell thickness, excitation source, and different ship hull and installation platform thickness on the vibration level difference of system. The results obtained from numerical analysis using MSC software and experiment indicate that one-dimensional spring element simplified can properly simulate the actual rubber vibration isolator on low frequency bands, and increasing thickness of flat, hull and platform can improve the effect of vibration isolation obviously.
Research on Cushion Characteristics of Self-Inflating Buffering Airbag
Authors: Hong Huang Jie , Wang Hong Yan , Lv Zhe Yuan , Li Jian Yang
Published: January 2014

The buffering airbag is one of the most important technologies for the landing impact attenuation of dropped equipments. A designed simplified airbag had been used to study cushion characteristics of self-inflating buffering airbag based on experimental method. Every possible combination of factors and factor levels was considered in the experiment. The influence factors of cushion characteristics were researched through the results. The results show that acceleration and pressure inside the airbag are affected by the initial landing velocity, mass of the load and the initial state of vent orifices. Then the simulation model of airbag was established and validated by experimental results. The simulation results agree very well with the experimental results. The established model can be used for further research of cushion characteristics.
Research of Stress Assessment Based on Singularity Strength
Authors: Gao Song , Xu Li , Wang Da Zheng , Ma Fei
Published: January 2014

Hull structure has sharp corners with singularity which tends to produce fatigue cracks and cause structural damages. Its not straightforward to assess FE analysis results of stiffened plating structures because of the stress singularities that are inherent in the overall geometry. This paper concentrates on the analysis of a simple planar right angled cruciform corner and a 135-degree sheet corner through a series of FE analyses using ANSYS. The aim is to try and provide an understanding of the nature of the singularities. Through the understanding a simple method is proposed to estimate the singular stress at the corners usingasnamed as singularity strength which is based on notch-stress intensity factor theory. Finally the estimation methods ofasare given for the 2D corners.
Structural Analysis and Optimization of Electric Scraper Drive Axle Housing under Multi-Load
Authors: Zhang Yi Jie , Kong Ling Qiong , Shi Jie
Published: January 2014

As for the retrofit design problem of the drive axle housing of an imported electric scraper, UG software is used to establish the finite-element model of the drive axle housing, and the model credibility is verified through the static strength bench test. This paper uses NX Nastran advanced simulation module for structural analysis of the axle housing, which, firstly, establishes in turn the models of each subcase under the action of each single load, then combines the cases into four typical kinds of dangerous cases under the multiple loads' action. The results show: the axle housing has enough stiffness and good dynamic performance, but the strength is not enough on emergency brake and the rough-road abrupt break. Based on the AltairHyperOpt method, the axle housing is optimized, and the results show: the stress amplitude is reduced by 12.65% in the most dangerous case of the rough-road abrupt break, which satisfies the strength requirement; the total weight of the axle housing is reduced by 13.14%, which realizes lightweight.
Wavefront Aberration Detection: A New Perspective
Authors: Kang Ji Qiang , Cheng Xue Min , Hao Qun
Published: January 2014

A variety of specialized wavefront detection technologies have been widely used, generally need specialized sensor or device. In this contribution, we proposed an algorithm to calculate the wavefront aberration with two-dimensional modulation transfer function data. The relationship between the wavefront aberration and the modulation transfer function is built based on the optical transfer function and simplified by applying the Newton-cotes quadrature. Thus the wavefront aberration can be numerically calculated by use of the results of the system performance in frequency domain. Numerical calculation result is provided for validating the proposed algorithm.
The Effect of 0.3%La Adding into As-Casting LA141 Alloy and then Rolls to Thin Plates
Authors: Zhao Heng , Lan Yuan Pei , Zhang Jun Wei
Published: January 2014

The Microstructure Evolution of Mg-14Li-Al and Mg-14Li-Al-0.3%La (wt.%) is Investigated. The Results Show that, the Precipitation of Al2la is Specially Dissolved in Mg-14Li-Al-0.3%La Alloy which Soft Texture and Decrease the Tensile Strength through SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) Images. Through the Stress-Strain Testing, the Fracture Morphology is Observed. It is Suggested that the the Direction between Texture and Dislocation Movement is the Dominant Factor Influencing Ultimate Tensile Strength and Yield Strength for Mg-14Li-Al-0.3%La Alloy. In Conclusion, adding Miner La Element in Magnesium Leads to Excellent Metal Forming.
Study on Inner Cooling Grinding in a General Surface Grinding Machine
Authors: Liao Ying Hua , Wang Yong , Zhang Liang Dong
Published: January 2014

According to inner cooling surface grinding mechanism, a device for inner cooling surface grinding in a general surface grinding machine M7130 is developed. And the device includes there parts, i.e. grinding wheel with radial holes, grinding carriage and cutting fluid system. When grinding, cutting fluid provided by the cutting fluid system is directly sprayed into the grinding zones through the radial holes of the grinding wheel under the action of centrifugal force, and the closure of the grinding zones is destroyed. So the cooling effect of cutting fluid is improved and the grinding temperature is reduced. Further, grinding burn and crack are effectively avoided and the quality of planet grinding is improved. The grinding of difficult-to-machine materials such as Titanium alloy can be realized with the help of general surface grinding machine of the developed device.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Rigid - Loose Coupling Bidirectional Vibrating-Crushing System
Authors: Zhang Jun Cui , Wang Li Cheng
Published: January 2014

The vibratory crusher with two cavities and four jaws is a new superfine crusher, which is a nonlinear vibrating system with rigid - loose coupling. In order to make clear the dynamics performance of the crusher at work, a model of rigid - loose coupling bidirectional vibrating-crushing system is established, according to the structural characteristics and working principle of the crusher. By using four-order Carl Jung Kutta method,we have gained the time history of displacement, velocity, and acceleration, the displacement spectrum and the hysteretic impact force. From it we can see that the vibration of mass to the left and right side is asymmetric, and the impact of the mass on bulk materials of two sides is asymmetric, although the model is structurally symmetrical.
Research and Implementation of IVI-COM Driver for Digital Oscilloscope
Authors: Li Zhi , Wu Hai Hua
Published: January 2014

As a part of IVI driver, IVI-COM driver combines COM technology and IVI technology. An IVI-COM driver of digital oscilloscope is designed and implemented by analyzing the functions of the digital oscilloscope and the implementation ways of the IVI driver, and a test program for the IVI-COM driver is built to test its feasibility. Results demonstrate that the IVI-COM driver of digital oscilloscope has a good interchangeability and contribute to the development and application of LXI standard instrument.
Turning in Place of Grinding Application and Exploration in the Actual Processing
Authors: Ma Ting Hui
Published: January 2014

With the development of industry, tool material is constantly updated, improved lathe and its components, the continuous application of NC technology, hard turning is possible, and can replace grinding, opened up a new way for the finishing machining of some hard part, this paper will be turning in place of grinding application and exploration of detailed discussion of actual processing.