bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of mono layer graphene oxide from sonicated graphite flakes and their Hall effect measurements
Authors: Siyar Muhammad , Maqsood Asghari , Khan Sadaf
Published: May 2014

Graphene, a single atom thick sheet is considered a key candidate for the future nanotechnology, due to its unique extraordinary properties. Researchers are trying to synthesize bulk graphene via chemical route from graphene oxide precursor. In the present work, we investigated a safe and efficient way of monolayer graphene oxide synthesis. To get a high degree of oxidation, we sonicated the graphite flakes before oxidation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirmed graphene oxide formation and high degree of oxidation. Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results revealed a monolayer of graphene oxide (GO) flakes. The sheet like morphology of the GO flakes was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Hall effect measurements were performed on the GO film on a silica substrate to investigate its electrical properties. The results obtained, revealed that the GO film is perfectly insulating, having electrical resistivity up to 8.4 × 108 (Ω·cm) at room temperature.
Long-Range Atomic Order and Entropy Change at the Martensitic Transformation in a Ni-Mn-In-Co Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Sánchez-Alarcos Vicente , Recarte Vicente , Pérez-Landazábal José , Cesari Eduard , Rodríguez-Velamazán José
Published: May 2014

The influence of the atomic order on the martensitic transformation entropy change has been studied in a Ni-Mn-In-Co metamagnetic shape memory alloy through the evolution of the transformation temperatures under high-temperature quenching and post-quench annealing thermal treatments. It is confirmed that the entropy change evolves as a consequence of the variations on the degree of L21 atomic order brought by thermal treatments, though, contrary to what occurs in ternary Ni-Mn-In, post-quench aging appears to be the most effective way to modify the transformation entropy in Ni-Mn-In-Co. It is also shown that any entropy change value between around 40 and 5 J/kgK can be achieved in a controllable way for a single alloy under the appropriate aging treatment, thus bringing out the possibility of properly tune the magnetocaloric effect.
A Multi-Element Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine
Authors: Hjort Søren , Larsen Helgi
Published: May 2014

A new class of diffuser augmented wind turbines (DAWTs) is presented. The new diffuser concept exploits aero-dynamic principles for the creation of high-lift airfoil configurations known from the aircraft industry. Combining this with our objective of obtaining a compact power-efficient design has enabled creation of a family of DAWT designs with energy capture potentials which exceed the power efficiency based on the diffuser exit area by 50%. The paper presents the 1D momentum theory governing the DAWTs, and discusses upper limits for power extraction, similar to the Betz limit applicable for bare Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs). Inviscid axisymmetric panel code calculations are then used to drive the diffuser design towards higher power coefficients. Axisymmetric actuator disk Navier-Stokes calculations reveal the types of stall that inhibit the functionality of the ideal inviscid optimum, leading the design towards the new class of DAWTs. DAWT performance has been differently measured over time, creating confusion. Proper comparison with performance of existing DAWT designs is therefore emphasized. This involves reference to established literature results, and recalculation of earlier DAWT designs in an attempt to project all results onto a common metric.
A Boiler Room in a 600-Bed Hospital Complex: Study, Analysis, and Implementation of Energy Efficiency Improvements
Authors: Fraile Juan-Carlos , San-José Julio , González-Alonso Ana
Published: May 2014

The aim of energy efficiency is to use less energy to provide the same service. In hospitals, energy efficiency offers a powerful and cost-effective tool to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, fuel consumption, and also running costs. Over a six-month period, the six gas-fired boilers that provide both a hospital’s heat and hot water were monitored. Analysis of the data obtained led to several actions being implemented in the hospital boiler room control system to improve the efficiency of the heat production system. Comparative studies were conducted, during similar weather periods, of the performance of the hospital’s hot water production system before and after the controls were implemented. Results indicate that the control actions applied proved to be effective. Finally; the paper offers a financial; primary energy saving and CO2 reduction analysis that points to a 3,434.00 €/week savings in natural gas consumption; and a cut in CO2 emissions of 20.3 tons/week; as compared to the reference facility.
Predicting the Storm Surge Threat of Hurricane Sandy with the National Weather Service SLOSH Model
Authors: Forbes Cristina , Rhome Jamie , Mattocks Craig , Taylor Arthur
Published: May 2014

Numerical simulations of the storm tide that flooded the US Atlantic coastline during Hurricane Sandy (2012) are carried out using the National Weather Service (NWS) Sea Lakes and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) storm surge prediction model to quantify its ability to replicate the height, timing, evolution and extent of the water that was driven ashore by this large, destructive storm. Recent upgrades to the numerical model, including the incorporation of astronomical tides, are described and simulations with and without these upgrades are contrasted to assess their contributions to the increase in forecast accuracy. It is shown, through comprehensive verifications of SLOSH simulation results against peak water surface elevations measured at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tide gauge stations, by storm surge sensors deployed and hundreds of high water marks collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), that the SLOSH-simulated water levels at 71% (89%) of the data measurement locations have less than 20% (30%) relative error. The RMS error between observed and modeled peak water levels is 0.47 m. In addition, the model’s extreme computational efficiency enables it to run large, automated ensembles of predictions in real-time to account for the high variability that can occur in tropical cyclone forecasts, thus furnishing a range of values for the predicted storm surge and inundation threat.
Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan-Carbon Nanotube Hydrogels
Authors: Venkatesan Jayachandran , Jayakumar Rangasamy , Mohandas Annapoorna , Bhatnagar Ira , Kim Se-Kwon
Published: May 2014

In the present study, we have prepared chitosan-carbon nanotube (Chitosan-CNT) hydrogels by the freeze-lyophilization method and examined their antimicrobial activity. Different concentrations of CNT were used in the preparation of Chitosan-CNT hydrogels. These differently concentrated CNT hydrogels were chemically characterized using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Optical microscopy. The porosity of the hydrogels were found to be >94%. Dispersion of chitosan was observed in the CNT matrix by normal photography and optical microscopy. The addition of CNT in the composite scaffold significantly reduced the water uptake ability. In order to evaluate antimicrobial activity, the serial dilution method was used towards Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida tropicalis. The composite Chitosan-CNT hydrogel showed greater antimicrobial activity with increasing CNT concentration, suggesting that Chitosan-CNT hydrogel scaffold will be a promising biomaterial in biomedical applications.
A Hybrid Indoor Ambient Light and Vibration Energy Harvester for Wireless Sensor Nodes
Authors: Yu Hua , Yue Qiuqin , Zhou Jielin , Wang Wei
Published: May 2014

To take advantage of applications where both light and vibration energy are available, a hybrid indoor ambient light and vibration energy harvesting scheme is proposed in this paper. This scheme uses only one power conditioning circuit to condition the combined output power harvested from both energy sources so as to reduce the power dissipation. In order to more accurately predict the instantaneous power harvested from the solar panel, an improved five-parameter model for small-scale solar panel applying in low light illumination is presented. The output voltage is increased by using the MEMS piezoelectric cantilever arrays architecture. It overcomes the disadvantage of traditional MEMS vibration energy harvester with low voltage output. The implementation of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for indoor ambient light is implemented using analog discrete components, which improves the whole harvester efficiency significantly compared to the digital signal processor. The output power of the vibration energy harvester is improved by using the impedance matching technique. An efficient mechanism of energy accumulation and bleed-off is also discussed. Experiment results obtained from an amorphous-silicon (a-Si) solar panel of 4.8 × 2.0 cm2 and a fabricated piezoelectric MEMS generator of 11 × 12.4 mm2 show that the hybrid energy harvester achieves a maximum efficiency around 76.7%.
Virtual Sensors for On-line Wheel Wear and Part Roughness Measurement in the Grinding Process
Authors: Arriandiaga Ander , Portillo Eva , Sánchez Jose , Cabanes Itziar , Pombo Iñigo
Published: May 2014

Grinding is an advanced machining process for the manufacturing of valuable complex and accurate parts for high added value sectors such as aerospace, wind generation, etc. Due to the extremely severe conditions inside grinding machines, critical process variables such as part surface finish or grinding wheel wear cannot be easily and cheaply measured on-line. In this paper a virtual sensor for on-line monitoring of those variables is presented. The sensor is based on the modelling ability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for stochastic and non-linear processes such as grinding; the selected architecture is the Layer-Recurrent neural network. The sensor makes use of the relation between the variables to be measured and power consumption in the wheel spindle, which can be easily measured. A sensor calibration methodology is presented, and the levels of error that can be expected are discussed. Validation of the new sensor is carried out by comparing the sensor’s results with actual measurements carried out in an industrial grinding machine. Results show excellent estimation performance for both wheel wear and surface roughness. In the case of wheel wear, the absolute error is within the range of microns (average value 32 μm). In the case of surface finish, the absolute error is well below Ra 1 μm (average value 0.32 μm). The present approach can be easily generalized to other grinding operations.
Remote Assessment of Cultural Heritage Environments with Wireless Sensor Array Networks
Authors: Agbota Henoc , Mitchell John , Odlyha Marianne , Strlič Matija
Published: May 2014

The logistics and cost of environmental monitoring can represent challenges for heritage managers, partly because of the sheer number of environmental parameters to consider. There is a need for a system, capable of monitoring the holistic impact of the environment on cultural materials while remaining relatively easy to use and providing remote access. This paper describes a dosimetric system based on piezoelectric quartz crystal technology. The prototype sensing module consists of an array of piezoelectric quartz crystals (PQC) coated with different metals (Fe, Cu, Ni and Sn) and includes a temperature and relative humidity sensor. The communication module involves an 802.15.4 low-power radio and a GPRS gateway which allows real time visualisation of the measurements online. An energy management protocol ensures that the system consumes very low power between measurements. The paper also describes the results and experiences from two heritage field deployments, at Apsley House in London, UK, and at the Royal Palaces of Abomey in Benin. Evaluation of PQC measurements, temperature, relative humidity and the rate of successful transmission over the communication systems are also reported.
Ultrasonic Lens Based on a Subwavelength Slit Surrounded by Grooves
Authors: Gomez-Lozano Vicente , Candelas Pilar , Belmar Francisco , Rubio Constanza , Uris Antonio
Published: May 2014

The lensing capabilities of a single subwavelength slit surrounded by a finite array of grooves milled into a brass plate is presented. The modulation of the beam intensity of this ultrasonic lens can be adjusted by varying the groove depth. Numerical simulations as well as experimental validations at 290 kHz are shown. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations. This system is believed to have potential applications for medical ultrasound fields such as tomography and therapy.
Diversity, Multiethnicity, and Latino Social Networks
Authors: Negrón Rosalyn
Published: May 2014

Given the steady increase of ethnic diversity in the US, greater numbers of people develop the ability to negotiate ethnic boundaries and form multiple ethnic identifications. This paper explores the relationship between intra-ethnic and cross-ethnic relationships—defined in terms of social networks—and patterns of ethnic self-identification among New York City (NYC) Latinos. Drawing on theory and methods from the field of social network analysis, one hypothesis is that people with ethnically heterogeneous networks are more likely to have multiple ethnic identifications than people with ethnically homogeneous networks. The paper further explores the relationship between network ethnic diversity and the demographic and network characteristics of Latinos from four different Latino subgroups: Colombian, Dominican, Mexican, and Puerto Rican. A total of 97 NYC Latinos were administered ethnic self-identification and factorial surveys, and a social network questionnaire. Blau’s diversity index was used to compute the level of ethnic diversity present in participants’ networks. Results provided modest support for the hypothesis that multiple ethnic identifications would be associated with network ethnic diversity. There were important differences between the four groups in terms of network diversity, network ethnic composition, and ethnic self-identification. Results provide some support for the notion that weak ties introduce diversity to social networks.
Territorial Systems, Regional Disparities and Sustainability: Economic Structure and Soil Degradation in Italy
Authors: Salvati Luca , Zitti Marco , Carlucci Margherita
Published: May 2014

The present study was devoted to identify the evolutionary path of a number of local systems in a Mediterranean country vulnerable to soil degradation (SD) in the last decades. A multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the socio-ecological conditions and to estimate rapidity-of-change of local systems by considering 6 bio-physical factors predisposing soil to degradation and 23 socioeconomic indicators over fifty years (1960–2010). Results indicate that systems’ development paths diverged during the investigated time period reflecting changes in the spatial organization and in the economic base of entire regions. Interestingly, economic performance and environmental quality do not seem to follow opposite trajectories. Local systems characterized by low per-capita income, agricultural specialization and population ageing, seem not to be associated with better and more stable ecological conditions. Local systems in affluent areas, featuring a mix of socioeconomic conditions with the prevalence of services in the economy and tourism specialization, showed relatively good ecological conditions and moderate-to-low SD vulnerability. Thus, affluent local systems do not necessarily reflect a higher pressure on the environment. These findings suggest that areas with a changing socio-demographic profile and a dynamic economic structure are compatible with low and stable levels of SD vulnerability.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous photoredox-catalyzed hydroxymethylation of ketones and keto esters: catalyst screening, chemoselectivity and dilution effects
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G , Reckenthäler Melissa
Published: May 2014

The homogeneous titanium- and dye-catalyzed as well as the heterogeneous semiconductor particle-catalyzed photohydroxymethylation of ketones by methanol were investigated in order to evaluate the most active photocatalyst system. Dialkoxytitanium dichlorides are the most efficient species for chemoselective hydroxymethylation of acetophenone as well as other aromatic and aliphatic ketones. Pinacol coupling is the dominant process for semiconductor catalysis and ketone reduction dominates the Ti(OiPr)4/methanol or isopropanol systems. Application of dilution effects on the TiO2 catalysis leads to an increase in hydroxymethylation at the expense of the pinacol coupling.
PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR PSYCHOTIC DEPRESSION
Authors: Ayd Frank J
Published: May 2014

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Update
Distinguishing Torpedo Maculopathy From Similar Lesions of the Posterior Segment
Authors: Villegas Victor M. , Schwartz Stephen G. , Flynn Harry W. , Capó Hilda , Berrocal Audina M. , Murray Timothy G. , Harbour J. William
Published: May 2014

Torpedo maculopathy is a congenital solitary, oval-shaped lesion typically located temporal to the center of the macula. Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), RPE lesions of Gardner syndrome, and other lesions can present with similar characteristics. Because of its unique clinical and imaging features, torpedo maculopathy generally can be differentiated from other posterior segment lesions.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:222–226.]
Heterogeneous photocatalysis on construction materials: effect of catalyst properties on the efficiency for degrading NOx and self cleaning
Authors: Bengtsson N. , Castellote M.
Published: May 2014

This paper analyzes the effect of some properties of different catalysts on the photocatalytic activity. The efficiency has been determined for two different processes: NOx abatement and self-cleaning for Rhodamine B and tobacco extract being, the TiO2 based photocatalyst, supported as coatings on white mortar. Eight different catalysts were tested, seven commercial ones and one home-made catalyst with improved visible light absorption properties. Additionally, some of them were submitted to exposition to water and/or calcinations to alter their physical properties. A kinetic approach was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity, being the first reaction constant (for NO) and just empirical constants (for self-cleaning) the parameters used for the comparison of the different materials. As a result, the efficiency, even for ranking, is dependent on the type of contaminant used in the experiment. In general, NO oxidation and tobacco followed similar trends while no clear relations were found for Rhodamine B.
Scapular Muscle-Activation Ratios in Patients With Shoulder Injuries During Functional Shoulder Exercises
Authors: Moeller Chad R. , Bliven Kellie C. Huxel , Valier Alison R. Snyder
Published: May 2014

Context:

Alterations in scapular muscle activation, which are common with glenohumeral (GH) injuries, affect stability and function. Rehabilitation aims to reestablish activation between muscles for stability by progressing to whole-body movements.

Objective:

To determine scapular muscle-activation ratios and individual muscle activity (upper trapezius [UT], middle trapezius [MT], lower trapezius [LT], serratus anterior [SA]) differences between participants with GH injuries and healthy control participants during functional rehabilitation exercises.

Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Thirty-nine participants who had GH injuries (n = 20; age = 23.6 ± 3.2 years, height = 170.7 ± 11.5 cm, mass = 74.7 ± 13.1 kg) or were healthy (n = 19; age = 24.4 ± 3.3 years, height = 173.6 ± 8.6 cm, mass = 74.7 ± 14.8 kg) were tested.

Intervention(s):

Clinical examination confirmed each participant's classification as GH injury or healthy control. Participants performed 4 exercises (bow and arrow, external rotation with scapular squeeze, lawnmower, robbery) over 3 seconds with no load while muscle activity was recorded.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

We used surface electromyography to measure UT, MT, LT, and SA muscle activity. Scapular muscle-activation ratios (UT:MT, UT:LT, and UT:SA) were calculated (normalized mean electromyography of the UT divided by normalized mean electromyography of the MT, LT, and SA). Exercise × group analyses of variance with repeated measures were conducted.

Results:

No group differences for activation ratios or individual muscle activation amplitude were found (P > .05). Similar UT:MT and UT:LT activation ratios during bow-and-arrow and robbery exercises were seen (P > .05); both had greater activation than external-rotation-with-scapular-squeeze and lawnmower exercises (P < .05). The bow-and-arrow exercise elicited the highest activation from the UT, MT, and LT muscles; SA activation was greatest during the external-rotation-with-scapular-squeeze exercise.

Conclusions:

Scapular muscle activation was similar between participants with GH injuries and healthy control participants when performing the unloaded multiplanar, multijoint exercises tested. High activation ratios during the bow-and-arrow exercise indicate UT hyperactivity or decreased MT, LT, and SA activity. Our GH injury group may be comparable to high-functioning injured athletes. Study results may assist clinicians in selecting appropriate exercises for scapular muscle activation when caring for injured athletes.
Fever Phobia: A Survey of Children's Parents in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic.
Authors: Choi Ae Ran , Kim Jin Sun
Published: May 2014

PURPOSE: Purposes of this study were to identify the level of parental fever phobia and to investigate the relationship between level of parental concern about fever and related variables.METHODS: Participants were 151 parents of children who visited a pediatric outpatient clinic. A self-reported structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi2-test.RESULTS: Almost half of participants defined a minimum temperature for fever as 37.8degrees C and a minimum temperature for high fever as 38.9degrees C. About 75% of participants identified harmful effects of fever as seizure and brain damage, were 'very worried' about fever, measured their child's temperature every hour or less, provided tepid massage and woke children to give antipyretics during febrile illness. There were significant relationships between level of parental concerns about fever and prior experience of febrile seizures, and/or being parents of a single child.CONCLUSION: Results indicate that fever phobia is prevalent among parents. Further studies are needed to develop and evaluate childhood fever management educational programs for parents. Considering health care providers as a primary information resource about fever management, health care providers should play a vital role to reduce parental unrealistic concerns about fever.
Incomplete reduction of branchial clefts in Mutton Merino lambs
Authors: Leask Rhoda , Pettey Kenneth P. , Bath Gareth F.
Published: May 2014

Congenital malformations of the branchial arches, clefts and grooves have not been previously reported in sheep. These defects may be due to infectious agents (especially viruses), toxins or genetic abnormalities. Defects were reported in two of a set of quadruplet lambs born prematurely to an eight-tooth Mutton Merino ewe. The lambs weighed between 2.0 kg and 2.5 kg; this is below the normal expected birth weight of 3.5 kg for quadruplet lambs, below which viability is compromised. The firstborn lamb was severely affected by bilateral oroauricular fistulae. The second lamb was unilaterally affected on the right, less severely than the first. The third lamb was normal and the fourth was mummified. The occurrence of another case in this small flock almost a decade earlier indicates that there could be genetic involvement.
Neuronal and Glia-Related Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hjalmarsson Clara , Bjerke Maria , Andersson Björn , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Åberg N. David , Olsson Bob , Eckerström Carl , Bokemark Lena , Wallin Anders
Published: May 2014

Background

Cerebral ischemia promotes morphological reactions of the neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in experimental studies. Our aim was to examine the profile of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) biomarkers and their relation to stroke severity and degree of white matter lesions (WML).

Methods

A total of 20 patients (mean age 76 years) were included within 5–10 days after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) onset. Stroke severity was assessed using NIHSS (National Institute of Health stroke scale). The age-related white matter changes (ARWMC) scale was used to evaluate the extent of WML on CT-scans. The concentrations of specific CSF biomarkers were analyzed.

Results

Patients with AIS had significantly higher levels of NFL (neurofilament, light), T-tau, myelin basic protein (MBP), YKL-40, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) compared with controls; T-Tau, MBP, GFAP, and YKL-40 correlated with clinical stroke severity, whereas NFL correlated with severity of WML (tested by Mann–Whitney test).

Conclusions

Several CSF biomarkers increase in AIS, and they correlate to clinical stroke severity. However, only NFL was found to be a marker of degree of WML.
AAC Chiffon soft white spring wheat
Authors: Randhawa H. S. , Graf R. J. , Sadasivaiah R. S.
Published: May 2014

Randhawa, H. S., Graf, R. J. and Sadasivaiah, R. S. 2014. AAC Chiffon soft white spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1303–1308. AAC Chiffon is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Soft White Spring (CWSWS) class. AAC Chiffon is well-adapted to the irrigated wheat growing regions of southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, and for rain-fed production in the western prairies. Based on data from the Western Soft White Spring Wheat Cooperative registration trials from 2008 to 2011, AAC Chiffon exhibited higher grain yield than the check cultivars, similar maturity, and taller stature with moderate straw strength. AAC Chiffon expressed resistance to the prevalent races of stripe rust, intermediate responses to powdery mildew, kernel black point and leaf rust, and susceptibility to stem rust, common bunt, loose smut and Fusarium head blight. Based on end-use quality analysis performed by the Grain Research Laboratory of the Canadian Grain Commission, AAC Chiffon was eligible for grades of CWSWS wheat.
AAC Raymore durum wheat
Authors: Singh A. K. , Clarke J. M. , Knox R. E. , Depauw R. M. , McCaig T. N. , Cuthbert R. D. , Clarke F. R. , Fernandez M. R.
Published: May 2014

Singh, A. K., Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., McCaig, T. N., Cuthbert, R. D., Clarke, F. R. and Fernandez, M. R. 2014. AAC Raymore durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1289–1296. AAC Raymore durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. AAC Raymore is the first solid stem durum genotype registered for production in Canada for protection against wheat stem sawfly, and combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, and low grain cadmium concentration. AAC Raymore has similar straw strength, plant height, and days to maturity as Strongfield. AAC Raymore is resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, common bunt, is moderately susceptible to loose smut, and has improved resistance to common root rot compared with the check cultivars. AAC Raymore has end use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.
Weed control with postemergence glyphosate tank mixes in glyphosate-resistant soybean
Authors: Walsh Kimberly D. , Soltani Nader , Brown Lynette R. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: May 2014

Walsh, K. D., Soltani, N., Brown, L. R. and Sikkema, P. H. 2014. Weed control with postemergence glyphosate tank mixes in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1239–1244. Six field trials were conducted over a 3-yr period (2011, 2012 and 2013) in Ontario, Canada, to evaluate various postemergence (POST) glyphosate tank mixes for weed management in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean. Herbicide treatments included glyphosate applied alone or mixed with acifluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon and thifensulfuron-methyl. Glyphosate tank mixtures with acifluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon and thifensulfuron-methyl caused GR soybean injury of up to 21, 11, 4 and 14% at 7 d after treatment (DAT), which was reduced to 5, 0, 0 and 2% by 28 DAT, respectively. Velvetleaf, green pigweed, common ragweed and common lambsquarters control ranged from 55 to 95, 93 to 100, 70 to 92 and 81 to 98% at 28 DAT respectively. Relative to glyphosate alone, tank mixtures with thifensulfuron-methyl provided equivalent to increased weed control, while acifluorfen, fomesafen and bentazon provided equivalent to reduced weed control. All herbicide tank mixtures resulted in higher yields (3.8–4.0 t ha−1) than the untreated check (2.7 t ha−1), and were generally equivalent to glyphosate alone (4.1 t ha−1). Results from this study indicate that the glyphosate tank mixtures evaluated did not provide a benefit over glyphosate alone.
Seasonal variability and long-term evolution of tropospheric composition in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Wai K. M. , Wu S. , Kumar A. , Liao H.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Impacts on tropospheric composition in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere from biomass burning and other emission sources are studied using a global chemical transport model, surface measurements and satellite retrievals. Seasonal variations in observed CO at remote island sites are examined. Easter Island (eastern Pacific Ocean) is impacted indirectly by the hemispheric zonal transport of CO due to the burning in southern Africa/South America, via the westerlies. An increasing trend in CO by 0.33 ppb yr−1 in the past decade at Ascension Island is attributed to the combined effects of South American/southern Africa burnings and the increases in CH4 level. Compared to Easter Island and Ascension Island, much less contribution from biomass burning to atmospheric CO is found at the island of Mahé (western Indian Ocean), where the total CO peaks in January–February, reflecting the contributions of anthropogenic emissions from India. We also examine the 2000–2050 changes in atmospheric composition in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere driven by future changes in emissions and climate. Changes in solar radiation (UV) over South Atlantic Ocean (SAO) in future January have dominant effects on the O3 distribution. More than 55% of O3 concentrations over the SAO in both present-day and future September are not directly affected by the emissions (including lightning) over the adjacent two continents but are attributable to the transport of O3 from surrounding areas due to CO and CH4 oxidation and stratospheric intrusion. High NOx emissions in both continents in 2050s increase PAN concentrations over remote oceans at the higher southern latitudes (> 35° S) as far as those near Australia, affecting the O3 budget over there. Future changes in biomass burning and anthropogenic NOx emissions in southern Africa lead to a new area of high O3 concentrations near South Africa. The resulted O3 outflow to the Indian Ocean is pronounced due to the effects of the persistent anticyclone. A general reduction in future OH radical concentrations is predicted over the remote marine boundary layer in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere, as a result of the increases in CH4 and CO emissions.
Cloud detection and classification based on MAX-DOAS observations
Authors: Wagner T. , Apituley A. , Beirle S. , Dörner S. , Friess U. , Remmers J. , Shaiganfar R.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations of aerosols and trace gases can be strongly influenced by clouds. Thus, it is important to identify clouds and characterise their properties. In this study we investigate the effects of clouds on several quantities which can be derived from MAX-DOAS observations, like radiance, the colour index (radiance ratio at two selected wavelengths), the absorption of the oxygen dimer O4 and the fraction of inelastically scattered light (Ring effect). To identify clouds, these quantities can be either compared to their corresponding clear-sky reference values, or their dependencies on time or viewing direction can be analysed. From the investigation of the temporal variability the influence of clouds can be identified even for individual measurements. Based on our investigations we developed a cloud classification scheme, which can be applied in a flexible way to MAX-DOAS or zenith DOAS observations: in its simplest version, zenith observations of the colour index are used to identify the presence of clouds (or high aerosol load). In more sophisticated versions, other quantities and viewing directions are also considered, which allows subclassifications like, e.g., thin or thick clouds, or fog. We applied our cloud classification scheme to MAX-DOAS observations during the Cabauw intercomparison campaign of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring instruments (CINDI) campaign in the Netherlands in summer 2009 and found very good agreement with sky images taken from the ground and backscatter profiles from a lidar.
An experiment to measure raindrop collection efficiencies: influence of rear capture
Authors: Quérel A. , Lemaitre P. , Monier M. , Porcheron E. , Flossmann A. I. , Hervo M.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. In the case of severe accident with loss of containment in a nuclear plant, radionuclides are released into the atmosphere in the form of both gases and aerosol particles (Baklanov and Sørensen, 2001). The analysis of radioactive aerosol scavenged by rain after the Chernobyl accident highlights certain differences between the modelling studies and the environmental measurements. Part of these discrepancies can probably be attributed to uncertainties in the efficiencies used to calculate aerosol particle collection by raindrops, particularly drops with a diameter larger than one millimetre. In order to address the issue of these uncertainties, an experimental study was performed to close the gaps still existing for this key microphysical parameter. In this paper, attention is first focused on the efficiency with which aerosol particles in the accumulation mode are collected by raindrops with a diameter of 2 mm. The collection efficiencies measured for aerosol particle in the sub-micron range are quantitatively consistent with previous theoretical model developed by Beard (1974) and thus highlight the major role of rear capture in the submicron range.
Comparison of the economic impact of different wind power forecast systems for producers
Authors: Alessandrini S. , Davò F. , Sperati S. , Benini M. , Delle Monache L.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Deterministic forecasts of wind production for the next 72 h at a single wind farm or at the regional level are among the main end-users requirement. However, for an optimal management of wind power production and distribution it is important to provide, together with a deterministic prediction, a probabilistic one. A deterministic forecast consists of a single value for each time in the future for the variable to be predicted, while probabilistic forecasting informs on probabilities for potential future events. This means providing information about uncertainty (i.e. a forecast of the PDF of power) in addition to the commonly provided single-valued power prediction. A significant probabilistic application is related to the trading of energy in day-ahead electricity markets. It has been shown that, when trading future wind energy production, using probabilistic wind power predictions can lead to higher benefits than those obtained by using deterministic forecasts alone. In fact, by using probabilistic forecasting it is possible to solve economic model equations trying to optimize the revenue for the producer depending, for example, on the specific penalties for forecast errors valid in that market. In this work we have applied a probabilistic wind power forecast systems based on the "analog ensemble" method for bidding wind energy during the day-ahead market in the case of a wind farm located in Italy. The actual hourly income for the plant is computed considering the actual selling energy prices and penalties proportional to the unbalancing, defined as the difference between the day-ahead offered energy and the actual production. The economic benefit of using a probabilistic approach for the day-ahead energy bidding are evaluated, resulting in an increase of 23% of the annual income for a wind farm owner in the case of knowing "a priori" the future energy prices. The uncertainty on price forecasting partly reduces the economic benefit gained by using a probabilistic energy forecast system.
Antarctic ice sheet fertilises the Southern Ocean
Authors: Death R. , Wadham J. L. , Monteiro F. , Le Brocq A. M. , Tranter M. , Ridgwell A. , Dutkiewicz S. , Raiswell R.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Southern Ocean (SO) marine primary productivity (PP) is strongly influenced by the availability of iron in surface waters, which is thought to exert a significant control upon atmospheric CO2 concentrations on glacial/interglacial timescales. The zone bordering the Antarctic Ice Sheet exhibits high PP and seasonal plankton blooms in response to light and variations in iron availability. The sources of iron stimulating elevated SO PP are in debate. Established contributors include dust, coastal sediments/upwelling, icebergs and sea ice. Subglacial meltwater exported at the ice margin is a more recent suggestion, arising from intense iron cycling beneath the ice sheet. Icebergs and subglacial meltwater may supply a large amount of bioavailable iron to the SO, estimated in this study at 0.07–0.2 Tg yr−1. Here we apply the MIT global ocean model (Follows et al., 2007) to determine the potential impact of this level of iron export from the ice sheet upon SO PP. The export of iron from the ice sheet raises modelled SO PP by up to 40%, and provides one plausible explanation for seasonally very high in situ measurements of PP in the near-coastal zone. The impact on SO PP is greatest in coastal regions, which are also areas of high measured marine PP. These results suggest that the export of Antarctic runoff and icebergs may have an important impact on SO PP and should be included in future biogeochemical modelling.
Tsunami hazard assessment in the southern Colombian Pacific basin and a proposal to regenerate a previous barrier island as protection
Authors: Otero L. J. , Restrepo J. C. , Gonzalez M.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. In this study, the tsunami hazard posed to 120 000 inhabitants of Tumaco (Colombia) is assessed, and an evaluation and analysis of regenerating the previous El Guano Island for tsunami protection is conducted. El Guano Island was a sandy barrier island in front of the city of Tumaco until its disappearance during the tsunami of 1979; the island is believed to have played a protective role, substantially reducing the scale of the disaster. The analysis is conducted by identifying seismotectonic parameters and focal mechanisms of tsunami generation in the area, determining seven potential generation sources, applying a numerical model for tsunami generation and propagation, and evaluating the effect of tsunamis on Tumaco. The results show that in the current situation, this area is vulnerable to impact and flooding by tsunamis originating nearby. El Guano Island was found to markedly reduce flood levels and the energy flux of tsunami waves in Tumaco during the 1979 tsunami. By reducing the risk of flooding due to tsunamis, the regeneration and morphological modification of El Guano Island would help to protect Tumaco.
Identité narrative collective et critique sociale
Authors: Loute Alain
Published: May 2014

Pour de nombreux auteurs, les transformations du capitalisme ont eu pour effet de provoquer de nombreuses souffrances (stress, stigmatisation, désaffiliation, etc.) qui ne sont pas reconnues dans leur dimension sociale. Pour Emmanuel Renault, dans un tel contexte, le critique théorique en analysant ces nouvelles souffrances peut s’en faire le “porte-parole” et redonner une voix aux êtres souffrants. Dans cet article, l’auteur se propose de problématiser cette forme d’intervention critique en prenant appui sur les réflexions de Paul Ricœur sur la question de la dépossession des acteurs de leur pouvoir de se raconter. Si une intervention comme celle de Renault prend tout son sens par rapport aux phénomènes d’idéologisation de l’identité narrative, elle reste insatisfaisante face aux résistances “internes” à la mise en intrigue de soi. Les analyses de Ricœur sur l’expérience analytique nous apprennent que ces résistances ne peuvent être levées par leur seule compréhension intellectuelle et que la restructuration narrative de la personnalité doit parfois prendre la forme d’un véritable travail.
Social Action and its Sense: Historical Hermeneutics after Ricoeur
Authors: Zenkin Sergey
Published: May 2014

In the 1970s, particularly in his article “The Model of the Text: Meaningful Action Considered as a Text” (1971), Paul Ricœur proposed a hypothesis concerning the homology between the text and social action. That hypothesis is not reducible to the narrative logic prevailing in late Ricœur’s writings, and we are searching to elucidate its further implications in social sciences. A new hermeneutics of social meanings can be founded upon it, enriched by the methodological experience of structural semiotics and taking into account some special processes of sense-giving as “remote-model behavior” and “sense-suppressing action”.
Introduction: Philosophical Anthropology and Social Analysis
Authors: Borisenkova Anna
Published: May 2014

The guest editor introduces No. 3 Vol. 1 (2012), "Philosophical Anthropology and Social Analysis."
La conception ricoeurienne de la raison pratique: dialectique ou éclectique?
Authors: Jaffro Laurent
Published: May 2014

L’article examine et discute les présupposés de la réponse que Paul Ricœur a apportée à la question “qu’est-ce que la rationalité pratique?” dans une série d’études qui aboutit à la “petite éthique” de Soi-même comme un autre. La conception défendue par Ricœur se présente comme une sorte de conciliation, ou de composition, de l’éthique aristotélicienne et de la morale kantienne. Deux problèmes se posent en particulier: le premier est posé par le caractère contestable de l’interprétation par Ricœur des positions qu’il synthétise; le second concerne le modèle, dialectique ou éclectique, de cette synthèse.
Perceived Health Issues: A perspective from East-African immigrants
Authors: Shipp M. P-L , Francis S. A. , Fluegge K. R. , Asfaw S. A.
Published: May 2014

This Study explores Somali and Ethiopian community leaders’ perceptions about health issues in their communities and the barriers to access and utilization of primary health care services. Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted with community leaders and thematic analysis was used to analyze interviews. Participants identified chronic diseases, the unhealthy behaviors associated with them, and mental health as major health issues. Infectious diseases were secondarily mentioned as important health concerns. Lack of insurance and limited understanding of the health system were viewed as barriers to utilizing health care services. Other identified needs were: better education within immigrant communities about major health issues, enhanced cultural awareness of health care providers, improved health care access, and assistance with the acculturation process. Recommendations to improve the communities’ health status included enhancing providers' cultural competence, educating immigrants about major health issues, and increasing mental health care access.
Editorial
Authors: Reggio David
Published: May 2014

Editorial Introduction
The Unsuspecting CAM User: Cancer patients and the changing nature of holistic health
Authors: Kabel A M. , Johnson L. P.
Published: May 2014

The number of cancer patients using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the United States is growing, yet little is known about the meaning these activities have for users. Current literature supports the assumption that stigma surrounding CAM and holistic health practices are responsible for the reluctance of many cancer patients to self-identify as CAM users. This study explored the frequency of use, and familiarity with CAM among 25 female patients at a Midwestern oncology clinic. Findings suggest that patients need to be asked about CAM use multiple times and in multiple formats to gain an accurate assessment. Also, the assumptions about stigma may no longer be the reason patients are less than forthcoming about CAM use. The rise of integrative medicine and shifting boundaries of the holistic health movement may be equally, or in some cases, more responsible for the reluctance for CAM users to self-identify.
Presentación No.31
Authors: Editora La
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i31.1403 Paradigma- Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 31
La crisis de la Universidad
Authors: Mires Fernando
Published: May 2014

La verdad es que el punto arquimédico entre la universidad medieval, la universidad como aparato de Estado, y la universidad-empresa, aún no ha sido encontrado. Quizás no exista. Puede incluso que lo que ha de caracterizar a las universidades del futuro sean combinaciones de diferentes formas institucionales, estableciéndose así una suerte de permanente equilibrio inestable dentro de ellas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i31.1404 Paradigma- Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 31: 9-18
Posibilidades de la Armonización de la Educación Superior en Centroamérica: El Caso de la Carrera de Educación Comercial de la UPNFM
Authors: Fiallos Zulema Mercedes , Green Ivy Lou , Rodriguez Nolvia
Published: May 2014

En el 2008, El Sistema Centroamericano para la Armonización de la Educación Superior SICEVAES, realizó el primer Seminario-taller Centroamericano sobre Armonización e Integración Académica Regional de la Educación Superior, en el que participaron las universidades públicas pertenecientes al Consejo Superior Centroamericano CSUCA y algunas universidades privadas invitadas de Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, así como otros invitados de organismos regionales vinculados con este tema. En octubre del 2010, en la ciudad de Guatemala, se realiza el primer seminario-taller para discutir la propuesta de armonización de la carrera de Administración de Empresas; en el que participaron directores, coordinadores de ésta carrera y miembros de SICEVAES en representación de las universidades públicas vinculadas al CSUCA y universidades privadas invitadas. La Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán como miembro del SICEVAES participó en el taller mencionado con la carrera de Educación Comercial, por contemplar en su plan de estudios, en el ámbito de la especialidad con un área contable, un área administrativa, un área financiera y un área jurídica; aunque no sea propiamente una Carrera de Administración de Empresas. Este artículo presenta una propuesta de armonización desde el plan de estudios de la carrera de Educación Comercial, tomando como referencia los ámbitos curriculares consensuados en el taller de armonización mencionado líneas arriba y las acciones definidas para la armonización de la carrera de Administración de empresas. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i31.1405 Paradigma- Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 31: 19-32