bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entropy analysis of MHD hybrid nanoparticles with OHAM considering viscous dissipation and thermal radiation
Authors: Waseem Farwa , Sohail Muhammad , Ilyas Nida , Awwad Emad Mahrous , Sharaf Mohamed , Khan Muhammad Jahangir , Tulu Ayele
Published: January 2024

This research explores the 3-D flow characteristics, entropy generation and heat transmission behavior of nanofluids consisting of copper and titanium in water as they flow across a bidirectional apparent, while considering the influence of magneto-hydrodynamics. The thermophysical properties of nanofluids are taken advantage of utilizing the Tiwari and Das demonstrate. The concept of the boundary layer has facilitated the comprehension of the physical ideas derived from it. By applying requisite transformations, the connected intricate sets of partial differential equation have been converted into ordinary differential equation. The modified model is calculated employing the widely recognized technique known as OHAM by using Mathematica program BVPh2.0 Software. For different dimensionless parameters computational and graphical investigations have been performed. It is notice that as fluid parameters change, they exhibit distinct responses in comparison to the temperature, velocity profiles and entropy generation. The results show that velocity profile rise with greater estimates of the magnetic parameter and the rate of entropy formation. Furthermore, thermal profiles become less significant as Eckert and Prandtl numbers increase.
A comparative observational study of carbohydrate intake and continuous blood glucose levels in relation to performance in ultramarathon
Authors: Inamura Naho , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Yoshida Shiori , Nishioka Masato , Ishihara Kengo
Published: January 2024

Ultra-endurance events have gained global participation, whereas the critical factors of competition results remain to be well elucidated. This study used a nutritional approach to evaluate the association of competition results with carbohydrate intake and blood glucose control during a 100-mile ultramarathon. This observational study was conducted in the 2021 LAKE BIWA 100, which covered 100 miles (169 km) and 10,500 m elevation. The course was divided into 9 segments by aid station. According to the competition results, 22 participants (18 men and 4 women) were divided into higher finishers (n = 7), lower finishers (n = 9), and non-finishers (n = 6). The participants self-recorded their overall dietary intake throughout the race. Glucose levels were monitored every 15 min by a flash glucose monitoring system. Running speed in each segment was standardized to the average of the top five finishers for each gender. Among finishers, the carbohydrate intakes were significantly higher in the higher finishers than in the lower finishers during overall segments, especially in the first half of the race (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between running speed and carbohydrate intake in the lower finishers (rho = 0.700, p = 0.036). Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that lowering glucose levels in each segment were more frequently observed in the lower finishers compared to the higher finishers (p = 0.012). Compared to the higher finishers, the lower finishers exhibited significantly greater fluctuations (⊿highest-lowest) in glucose levels (p < 0.001). The fluctuations in glucose levels were significantly and negatively correlated with the running speed of the finishers (rho =  − 0.612, p = 0.012). Faster runners consume high amounts of carbohydrates and maintain glucose levels during the 100-mile ultramarathon on the trail, especially at the beginning. Lowering and fluctuating glucose levels during the race are associated with lower running speed in endurance athletes.
Nylon fiber waste as a prominent adsorbent for Congo red dye removal
Authors: Hamad Kareem H. , Yasser Ahmed M. , Nabil Radwa , Tarek Raneem , Hesham Eslam , El-telbany Ahmed , Saeed Ahmed , Selim Salah E. , Abdelhamid Ahmed E.
Published: January 2024

In this research nylon fibers wastes (NF) were fabricated into porous sheet using a phase inversion technique to be utilized as an adsorbent materials for Congo red dye (CR). The fabricated sheet denoted as NS was characterized using FTIR and XRD. The surface studies of the adsorbent materials using SEM and BET analysis reveals a highly pores structure with an average pore volume 0.61 cc/g and BET surface area of 767 m2/g. The adsorption studies of fabricated NS were employed into CR at different parameters as pH, effect of time and dye concentration. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies were more fit to Langmuir and pseudo second order models. The maximum adsorption capacity qmax reached 188 mg/g with removal percentage of 95 for CR concentration of 400 mg/L at pH 6 and 0.025 g NS dose for 10 ml CR solution. The regeneration study reveals a prominent adsorption behavior of NS with removal % of 88.6 for CR (300 mg/L) after four adsorption desorption cycles. Effect of incorporation of NaonFil Clay to NS was studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) modeling and reveals that 98.4% removal of CR could be achieved by using 19.35% wt. of fiber with 8.2 g/L dose and zero clay, thus at a predetermined parameters studies of NanoFil clay embedded into NS, there are no significant effect for %R for CR.
Homozygous substitution of threonine 191 by proline in polymerase η causes Xeroderma pigmentosum variant
Authors: Ricciardiello Roberto , Forleo Giulia , Cipolla Lina , van Winckel Geraldine , Marconi Caterina , Nouspikel Thierry , Halazonetis Thanos D. , Zgheib Omar , Sabbioneda Simone
Published: January 2024

DNA polymerase eta (Polη) is the only translesion synthesis polymerase capable of error-free bypass of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. A deficiency in Polη function is associated with the human disease Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV). We hereby report the case of a 60-year-old woman known for XPV and carrying a Polη Thr191Pro variant in homozygosity. We further characterize the variant in vitro and in vivo, providing molecular evidence that the substitution abrogates polymerase activity and results in UV sensitivity through deficient damage bypass. This is the first functional molecular characterization of a missense variant of Polη, whose reported pathogenic variants have thus far been loss of function truncation or frameshift mutations. Our work allows the upgrading of Polη Thr191Pro from ‘variant of uncertain significance’ to ‘likely pathogenic mutant’, bearing direct impact on molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling. Furthermore, we have established a robust experimental approach that will allow a precise molecular analysis of further missense mutations possibly linked to XPV. Finally, it provides insight into critical Polη residues that may be targeted to develop small molecule inhibitors for cancer therapeutics.
In situ and bio-green synthesis of silver nanoparticles immobilized on zeolite as a recyclable catalyst for the degradation of OPDs
Authors: Zhou Fujiang , He Danfeng , Ren Guojian , Yarahmadi Hossein
Published: January 2024

In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized using a green and biologically inspired approach by utilizing reducing compounds from Thyme plant leaves. Zeolite was used to immobilize the synthesized Ag-NPs (Ag@Z). The modified Zeolite served as a catalyst for the reduction reaction of various organic pollutant dyes (OPDs) including 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 4-nitroaniline (4-NA), methylene blue (MB), and methyl orange (MO) with sodium borohydride. The degradation of OPDs was monitored by measuring changes in their maximum absorption wavelength intensity. A thorough examination of multiple parameters (catalyst, silver and sodium borohydride dosage, yield degradation, and reaction time) was carried out to identify the optimized conditions for the degradation of OPDs. The results showed that the Ag@Z catalyst achieved an efficiency of over 93% in less than 10 min for the degradation of OPDs. The recoverability and reusability of the catalyst were examined, revealing a partial loss in efficiency after four recovery stages. Structural analysis using XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques confirmed the characteristics and morphology of the synthesized catalyst.
Clinical outcomes associated with antidepressant use in inflammatory bowel disease patients and a matched control cohort
Authors: Ba Djibril M. , Yadav Sanjay , Liu Guodong , Leslie Douglas L. , Vrana Kent E. , Coates Matthew D.
Published: January 2024

Antidepressant medications (AMs) are frequently used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many AMs enhance serotonin (5-HT) availability, but this phenomenon may actually worsen IBD. We hypothesized that use of 5-HT-enhancing AMs would be associated with poor clinical outcomes in these disorders. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Merative Health Marketscan® commercial claims database between 1/1/05 and 12/31/14. Participants (18–63 years) were either controls or had ≥ 2 ICD-9 diagnoses for IBD with ≥ 1 year of continuous insurance enrollment before index diagnosis and 2 years after. We identified new AM prescriptions using the medication possession ratio. Primary outcomes were corticosteroid use (IBD-only), IBD-related complication (IBD-only), IBD-related surgery (IBD-only), hospitalization, and emergency department (ED) visit(s) within 2 years of diagnosis or starting AM. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) in IBD AM users (for each outcome). We also performed subgroup analyses considering IBD and AM subtype. In the IBD cohort (n = 29,393, 41.4% female; 42.2%CD), 5.2% used AMs. In IBD, AM use was independently associated with corticosteroid use, ED visits, and hospitalizations, but not IBD-related complications. AM use was associated with a decreased risk of surgery. In the control cohort (n = 29,393, 41.4% female), AM use was also independently associated with ED visits and hospitalizations, and there was an increased likelihood of these two outcomes compared to the IBD cohort. In conclusion, while AM use was independently associated with an increased risk of ED visits and hospitalization in IBD, these risks were statistically more common in a matched control cohort. Additionally, AM use was associated with reduced risk of surgery in IBD, demonstrating a potential protective role in this setting.
Quantum interference of pulsed time-bin entanglement generated from silicon ring resonator
Authors: Ono Takafumi , Tsujimoto Yoshiaki , Wakui Kentaro , Fujiwara Mikio
Published: January 2024

We demonstrate a pulsed operation of an entangled photon pair source that is based on a silicon ring resonator. Time-bin entangled photon pairs at telecommunication wavelengths are generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing, which is excited by a pulsed pump laser. The entanglement between the generated photon pair is analyzed by using asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometers followed by single-photon detectors, resulting in non-classical interference with a visibility exceeding a classical limit. The reason for the degradation of the interference visibility is discussed using the theoretical model with experimental parameters. Our experimental results show successful pulsed generation of entanglement, which represents an important step towards a synchronized quantum network based on silicon photonics.
A sustainable bio-based char as emerging electrode material for energy storage applications
Authors: Hristea Gabriela , Iordoc Mihai , Lungulescu Eduard-Marius , Bejenari Iuliana , Volf Irina
Published: January 2024

In the last few years, extensive research efforts have been made to develop novel bio-char-based electrodes using different strategies starting from a variety of biomass precursors as well as applying different thermochemical conversion paths. In this regard, hydrothermal carbonization method is becoming a more prevalent option among conversion procedures even if pyrolysis remains crucial in converting biomass into carbonaceous materials. The main aim of this study is to develop an innovative supercapacitor electrode from spruce bark waste through a unique low-temperature technique approach, which proved to effectively eliminate the pyrolysis step. Consequently, a hybrid spruce-bark-graphene oxide compound (HySB) was obtained as electrode material for supercapacitors. When compared to a regularly used commercial electrode material, SLC1512P graphite (reference) with 150.3 µF cm−2 capacitance, the HySB has a substantially higher capacitive performance of 530.5 µF cm−2. In contrast to the reference, the HySB polarization resistance increases by two orders of magnitude at the stationary potential and by three orders of magnitude at the optimum potential, underlying that the superior performances of HySB extend beyond static conditions. The synthesis strategy provides an appropriate energy-efficient option for converting biomass into carbonaceous materials with meaningful properties suitable for energy storage applications.
Measuring handgrip strength in school children: inter-instrument reliability between Takei and Jamar
Authors: Trajković Nebojša , Rančić Doroteja , Ilić Tamara , Herodek Romina , Korobeynikov Georgiy , Pekas Damir
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to determine inter-instrument reliability between Takei and Jamar dynamometers in school children. Fifty-six five grade participants aged eleven to twelve (n = 32 boys, n = 24 girls) performed handgrip strength test on two different occasions, with a 5-day gap between them, as test–retest. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed very large to almost perfect correlation between both devices (r = 0.76–0.91) which was graphically confirmed by Bland–Altman method. Test–retest also showed high reliability (ICC = 0.78–0.85) for Jamar and Takei. Trivial, nonsignificant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between for test–retest trials for Takei left hand (ES = 0.04), right hand (ES = 0.12) and Jamar left hand (ES = 0.15). According to the results, both the Jamar and Takei dynamometers are valid and reliable for measuring schoolchildren, and both devices may be used to assess a student's handgrip strength for this age group.
Multiple contact zones and karyotypic evolution in a neotropical frog species complex
Authors: Souza Lucas H. B. , Pierson Todd W. , Tenório Renata O. , Ferro Juan M. , Gatto Kaleb P. , Silva Bruno C. , de Andrade Gilda V. , Suárez Pablo , Haddad Célio F. B. , Lourenço Luciana B.
Published: January 2024

Previous studies of DNA sequence and karyotypic data have revealed high genetic diversity in the Physalaemus cuvieri – Physalaemus ephippifer species complex—a group of small leptodactylid frogs in South America. To date, seven major genetic lineages have been recognized in this group, with species delimitation tests supporting four to seven of them as valid species. Among these, only P. ephippifer shows heteromorphic sex chromosomes, but the implications of cytogenetic divergence for the evolution of this group are unknown. We analyzed karyotypic, mitochondrial DNA, and 3RAD genomic data to characterize a putative contact zone between P. ephippifer and P. cuvieri Lineage 1, finding evidence for admixture and karyotypic evolution. We also describe preliminary evidence for admixture between two other members of this species complex—Lineage 1 and Lineage 3 of P. cuvieri. Our study sheds new light on evolutionary relationships in the P. cuvieri – P. ephippifer species complex, suggesting an important role of karyotypic divergence in its evolutionary history and underscoring the importance of hybridization as a mechanism of sex chromosome evolution in amphibians.
SLMO2 is a potential prognostic and immunological biomarker in human pan-cancer
Authors: Liu Xiong , Yuan Renming , Peng Jie , Xu Ailei , Nie Xiaoxia , Tang Ruiti , Li Guangqiang
Published: January 2024

SLMO2 is a lipid transporter that transports phosphatidylserine to the interior of mitochondria, also known as PRELID3B, which plays an important role in lipid metabolism. It has also been reported to be involved in the growth process of breast and lung tumors. However, its functions and underlying mechanisms in cancer progress remain elusive, and the potential as pan-cancer biomarker and therapeutic target remains unexplored. Using the TCGA project and GEO database, we performed pan-cancer analysis of SLMO2, which including the expression pattern, prognostic value, mutation landscape, methylation modification, protein–protein interaction network and the relationship between SLMO2 expression and immune infiltration. KEGG enrichment analysis was also performed to predict function and relevant cellular pathways of SLMO2. In addition, proliferation and migration assays were performed to detect the proliferation and metastasis capacity of breast cancer and lung cancer cells. In our study, we found that SLMO2 was overexpressed in pan-cancer and the elevated expression of SLMO2 was correlated with poorer prognosis. SLMO2 mutations were distributed in a variety of tumors and correlated with prognosis. Promoter methylation analysis showed that SLMO2 methylation levels were lower in most tumors compared with normal tissues, while a few tumors showed increased methylation levels of SLMO2. SLMO2 expression was also positively correlated with immune infiltration of MDSCs. Further pathway enrichment analysis indicated that SLMO2 was involved in regulating of cytoplasmic transport and other oncogenic processes. In vitro experiments have shown that SLMO2 promotes the proliferation and migration of breast cancer and lung cancer cells. In conclusion, our findings suggested that SLMO2 was a potential prognostic and immunological marker in pan-cancer. This study suggested a potential strategy for targeting SLMO2 to treat tumors, including manipulating tumor growth or the tumor microenvironment, especially the infiltration of MDSC.
The impact of piperine on the metabolic conditions of patients with NAFLD and early cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial
Authors: Nouri-Vaskeh Masoud , Hashemi Payam , Hataminia Naser , Yazdani Yalda , Nasirian Mahkameh , Alizadeh Leila
Published: January 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic dysfunction of the liver defined as an abnormal accumulation of fat within the liver without secondary triggers like alcohol consumption or viral hepatitis. Piperine, the bio-active ingredient of black pepper, can exert a significant function in treatment of individuals with NAFLDand early cirrhosis. We investigated the impact of piperine consumption with a duration of 12 weeks on patients with NAFLD and early cirrhosis compared toplacebo consumption. In a double-blind study, patients with NAFLD and early stage of cirrhosis were haphazardly distributed into case and control groups. They were prescribed a placebo and 5 mg of piperine for 12 weeks, respectively. The demographic and laboratory parameters of individuals were assessed as the baseline and after the duration of piperine intake. Piperine with a daily dosage of 5 mg could significantly decrease hepatic enzymes and glucose, and alleviate dyslipidemia in the case arm rather than the control arm. Moreover, HOMA levels and insulin resistance were reduced in case participants compared to the control counterparts. In the absence of approved medicinal intervention for patients with NAFLD, and regarding the favorable impact of piperine on NAFLD more studies on this subject are warranted.
An enhanced Swin Transformer for soccer player reidentification
Authors: Akan Sara , Varlı Songül , Bhuiyan Mohammad Alfrad Nobel
Published: January 2024

The re-identification (ReID) of objects in images is a widely studied topic in computer vision, with significant relevance to various applications. The ReID of players in broadcast videos of team sports is the focus of this study. We specifically focus on identifying the same player in images taken at any given moment during a game from various camera angles. This work varies from other person ReID apps since the same team wears very similar clothes, there are few samples for each identification, and image resolutions are low. One of the hardest parts of object ReID is robust feature representation extraction. Despite the great success of current convolutional neural network-based (CNN) methods, most studies only consider learning representations from images, neglecting long-range dependency. Transformer-based model studies are increasing and yielding encouraging results. Transformers still have trouble extracting features from small objects and visual cues. To address these issues, we enhanced the Swin Transformer with the levering of CNNs. We created a regional feature extraction Swin Transformer (RFES) backbone to increase local feature extraction and small-scale object feature extraction. We also use three loss functions to handle imbalanced data and highlight challenging situations. Re-ranking with k-reciprocal encoding was used in this study's retrieval phase, and its assessment findings were provided. Finally, we conducted experiments on the Market-1501 and SoccerNet-v3 ReID datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed re-ID method reaches rank-1 accuracy of 96.2% with mAP: 89.1 and rank-1 accuracy of 84.1% with mAP: 86.7 on the Market-1501 and SoccerNet-v3 datasets, respectively, outperforming the state-of-the-art approaches.
Research on dense object detection methods in congested environments of urban streets and roads based on DCYOLO
Authors: Jiang Shuhai , Luo Bowen , Jiang Haoyue , Zhou Zhongkai , Sun Shangjie
Published: January 2024

The urban street is a congested environment that contains a large number of occluded and size-differentiated objects. Aiming at the problems of the loss of the target to be detected and low detection accuracy resulting from this situation, a newly improved algorithm, based on YOLOv4, DCYOLO is proposed. Firstly, a Difference sensitive network (DSN) is introduced to extract the edge features of objects from the original image. Then, assign the edge features back to increase the edge intensity of the object in the original image and ultimately improve the detection performance. Secondly, the feature fusion module (CFFB) based on context information is introduced to realize the cross-scale fusion of shallow fine-grained features and deep-level features, to strengthen the cross-scale semantic information fusion of feature maps and eventually improve the performance of object detection. At last, in the network prediction part, the SIOU loss function replaces the original CIOU loss function to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of object detection. The experiments based on MS COCO 2017 and self-made datasets show that, compared with the YOLOv4, the detection accuracy of DCYOLO models is greatly improved with an increase of 9.1 percentage points in AP and 10.4 percentage points in APs. Compared with YOLOv5x and Faster R-CNN, DCYOLO shows higher accuracy and better detection performance. The experiment result proves that the DCYOLO algorithm can adapt to the dense object detection requirements in the congested environment of urban streets.
Large language models to identify social determinants of health in electronic health records
Authors: Guevara Marco , Chen Shan , Thomas Spencer , Chaunzwa Tafadzwa L. , Franco Idalid , Kann Benjamin H. , Moningi Shalini , Qian Jack M. , Goldstein Madeleine , Harper Susan , Aerts Hugo J. W. L. , Catalano Paul J. , Savova Guergana K. , Mak Raymond H. , Bitterman Danielle S.
Published: January 2024

Social determinants of health (SDoH) play a critical role in patient outcomes, yet their documentation is often missing or incomplete in the structured data of electronic health records (EHRs). Large language models (LLMs) could enable high-throughput extraction of SDoH from the EHR to support research and clinical care. However, class imbalance and data limitations present challenges for this sparsely documented yet critical information. Here, we investigated the optimal methods for using LLMs to extract six SDoH categories from narrative text in the EHR: employment, housing, transportation, parental status, relationship, and social support. The best-performing models were fine-tuned Flan-T5 XL for any SDoH mentions (macro-F1 0.71), and Flan-T5 XXL for adverse SDoH mentions (macro-F1 0.70). Adding LLM-generated synthetic data to training varied across models and architecture, but improved the performance of smaller Flan-T5 models (delta F1 + 0.12 to +0.23). Our best-fine-tuned models outperformed zero- and few-shot performance of ChatGPT-family models in the zero- and few-shot setting, except GPT4 with 10-shot prompting for adverse SDoH. Fine-tuned models were less likely than ChatGPT to change their prediction when race/ethnicity and gender descriptors were added to the text, suggesting less algorithmic bias (p < 0.05). Our models identified 93.8% of patients with adverse SDoH, while ICD-10 codes captured 2.0%. These results demonstrate the potential of LLMs in improving real-world evidence on SDoH and assisting in identifying patients who could benefit from resource support.
Detection of chromosomal aneuploidy in ancient genomes
Authors: Anastasiadou Kyriaki , Silva Marina , Booth Thomas , Speidel Leo , Audsley Tony , Barrington Christopher , Buckberry Jo , Fernandes Diana , Ford Ben , Gibson Mark , Gilardet Alexandre , Glocke Isabelle , Keefe Katie , Kelly Monica , Masters Mackenzie , McCabe Jesse , McIntyre Lauren , Ponce Paola , Rowland Stephen , Ruiz Ventura Jordi , Swali Pooja , Tait Frankie , Walker David , Webb Helen , Williams Mia , Witkin Annsofie , Holst Malin , Loe Louise , Armit Ian , Schulting Rick , Skoglund Pontus
Published: January 2024

Ancient DNA is a valuable tool for investigating genetic and evolutionary history that can also provide detailed profiles of the lives of ancient individuals. In this study, we develop a generalised computational approach to detect aneuploidies (atypical autosomal and sex chromosome karyotypes) in the ancient genetic record and distinguish such karyotypes from contamination. We confirm that aneuploidies can be detected even in low-coverage genomes ( ~ 0.0001-fold), common in ancient DNA. We apply this method to ancient skeletal remains from Britain to document the first instance of mosaic Turner syndrome (45,X0/46,XX) in the ancient genetic record in an Iron Age individual sequenced to average 9-fold coverage, the earliest known incidence of an individual with a 47,XYY karyotype from the Early Medieval period, as well as individuals with Klinefelter (47,XXY) and Down syndrome (47,XY, + 21). Overall, our approach provides an accessible and automated framework allowing for the detection of individuals with aneuploidies, which extends previous binary approaches. This tool can facilitate the interpretation of burial context and living conditions, as well as elucidate past perceptions of biological sex and people with diverse biological traits.
Induced responses contribute to rapid adaptation of Spirodela polyrhiza to herbivory by Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Malacrinò Antonino , Böttner Laura , Nouere Sara , Huber Meret , Schäfer Martin , Xu Shuqing
Published: January 2024

Herbivory-induced responses in plants are typical examples of phenotypic plasticity, and their evolution is thought to be driven by herbivory. However, direct evidence of the role of induced responses in plant adaptive evolution to herbivores is scarce. Here, we experimentally evolve populations of an aquatic plant (Spirodela polyrhiza, giant duckweed) and its native herbivore (Lymnaea stagnalis, freshwater snail), testing whether herbivory drives rapid adaptive evolution in plant populations using a combination of bioassays, pool-sequencing, metabolite analyses, and amplicon metagenomics. We show that snail herbivory drove rapid phenotypic changes, increased herbivory resistance, and altered genotype frequencies in the plant populations. Additional bioassays suggest that evolutionary changes of induced responses contributed to the rapid increase of plant resistance to herbivory. This study provides direct evidence that herbivory-induced responses in plants can be subjected to selection and have an adaptive role by increasing resistance to herbivores.
Brown adipose tissue CoQ deficiency activates the integrated stress response and FGF21-dependent mitohormesis
Authors: Chang Ching-Fang , Gunawan Amanda L , Liparulo Irene , Zushin Peter-James H , Vitangcol Kaitlyn , Timblin Greg A , Saijo Kaoru , Wang Biao , Parlakgül Güneş , Arruda Ana Paula , Stahl Andreas
Published: January 2024

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is essential for mitochondrial respiration and required for thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissues (BAT). CoQ deficiency leads to a wide range of pathological manifestations, but mechanistic consequences of CoQ deficiency in specific tissues, such as BAT, remain poorly understood. Here, we show that pharmacological or genetic CoQ deficiency in BAT leads to stress signals causing accumulation of cytosolic mitochondrial RNAs and activation of the eIF2α kinase PKR, resulting in activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) with suppression of UCP1 but induction of FGF21 expression. Strikingly, despite diminished UCP1 levels, BAT CoQ deficiency displays increased whole-body metabolic rates at room temperature and thermoneutrality resulting in decreased weight gain on high-fat diets (HFD). In line with enhanced metabolic rates, BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) interorgan crosstalk caused increased browning of iWAT in BAT-specific CoQ deficient animals. This mitohormesis-like effect depends on the ATF4-FGF21 axis and BAT-secreted FGF21, revealing an unexpected role for CoQ in the modulation of whole-body energy expenditure with wide-ranging implications for primary and secondary CoQ deficiencies.
Control of NAD+ homeostasis by autophagic flux modulates mitochondrial and cardiac function
Authors: Zhang Quanjiang , Li Zhonggang , Li Qiuxia , Trammell Samuel AJ , Schmidt Mark S , Pires Karla Maria , Cai Jinjin , Zhang Yuan , Kenny Helena , Boudina Sihem , Brenner Charles , Abel E Dale
Published: January 2024

Impaired autophagy is known to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure, in part due to altered mitophagy and protein quality control. However, whether additional mechanisms are involved in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure in the setting of deficient autophagic flux remains poorly explored. Here, we show that impaired autophagic flux reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) availability in cardiomyocytes. NAD+ deficiency upon autophagic impairment is attributable to the induction of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), which methylates the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide (NAM) to generate N-methyl-nicotinamide (MeNAM). The administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or inhibition of NNMT activity in autophagy-deficient hearts and cardiomyocytes restores NAD+ levels and ameliorates cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, autophagic inhibition causes the accumulation of SQSTM1, which activates NF-κB signaling and promotes NNMT transcription. In summary, we describe a novel mechanism illustrating how autophagic flux maintains mitochondrial and cardiac function by mediating SQSTM1-NF-κB-NNMT signaling and controlling the cellular levels of NAD+.
A new and highly efficient CuMOF-based nanoenzyme and its application to the aptamer SERS/FL/RRS/Abs quadruple-mode analysis of ultratrace malachite green
Authors: Chen Shuxin , Liu Yue , Qin Zhiyu , Wen Guiqing , Jiang Zhiliang
Published: January 2024

This method aims to combine apt-mediated nanocatalytic amplification-RRS/SERS/FL/Abs quadruple-mode technology. The convenient detection of trace malachite green is realized.
Constructing graphene oxide/Au nanoparticle cellulose membranes for SERS detection of mixed pesticide residues in edible chrysanthemum
Authors: Zhao Zhilei , Cao Mingshuo , Wei Dizhe , Li Xiangyang , Wang Meng , Zhai Wenlei
Published: January 2024

A GO/Au NP cellulose substrate was constructed through layer-by-layer assembly of graphene oxide and Au nanoparticles on a mixed cellulose membrane. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy detection of 3 pesticides in chrysanthemum was demonstrated.
Solvent directed morphogenesis of a peptidic-benzimidazolium dipodal receptor: ratiometric detection and catalytic degradation of ochratoxin A
Authors: Saini Sanjeev , Sharma Arun , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder
Published: January 2024

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most abundant and harmful toxin found in agriculture and processed food. In the present investigation, selective detection and degradation of OTA is achieved using peptidic-benzimidazolium dipodal receptor.
A platinum glutamate acid complex as a peroxidase mimic: high activity, controllable chemical modification, and application in biosensors
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Wu Lexian , Yang Jing , Li Guoming , Deng Keqin , Huang Haowen
Published: January 2024

Recent strides in nanotechnology have given rise to nanozymes, nanomaterials designed to emulate enzymatic functions.
A quaternary ammonium-based nanosystem enables delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 for cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Mengzhu , Sun Siyu , Liang Xiao , Liu Zengguang , Yin Jiaxin , Li Quanshun , Yang Shengcai
Published: January 2024

Chol-PEG and Qua-PLL were self-assembled with a Cas9/PLK1 sgRNA ribonucleoprotein to form a ternary nanoparticle QNP/RNPPLK1 for efficient cancer therapy.
Correction: Intracellular regulation of zinc by metal–organic framework-mediated genome editing for prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Xue Yanan , Tang Honglin , Chen Guangpeng , Pan Yubin , Li Da , Ping Yuan
Published: January 2024

Correction for ‘Intracellular regulation of zinc by metal–organic framework-mediated genome editing for prostate cancer therapy’ by Yanan Xue et al., Biomater. Sci., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3bm00002h.
The importance of electrolyte environment during in situ self-transformation for synthesizing V2O5·nH2O
Authors: Quan Haijia , Wang Chen , Guo Dongxu , Wang Xiaofeng , Sun Chenglin , Wang Shenghan
Published: January 2024

During in situ self-transformation, VO2 in 2 M ZnSO4 underwent volume expansion, whereas in 2 M Zn(OTf)2, it experienced volume contraction.
Kinetics of the reaction of ferrous ions with hydroxyl radicals in the temperature range 25–300 °C
Authors: Barr Logan , Conrad Jacy K. , McGregor Christine , Perron Randy , Yakabuskie Pamela A. , Stuart Craig R.
Published: January 2024

The mechanism of the reaction of OH radicals with Fe2+ ions changes from hydrogen atom transfer to dissociative ligand interchange above 150 °C. The activation energies of the mechanisms are different, leading to non-Arrhenius temperature dependence.
Combining high energy ball milling and liquid crystal templating method to prepare magnetic ordered mesoporous silica. A physico-chemical investigation
Authors: Scano Alessandra , Magner Edmond , Pilloni Martina , Atzori Luciano , Fantauzzi Marzia , Slimani Sawssen , Peddis Davide , Fuentes Gonzalo Garcia , Ennas Guido
Published: January 2024

The physico-chemical investigation of superparamagnetic MCM41 like materials prepared by the novel combination of high energy ball milling and liquid crystal templating method is presented.
An innovative method for the detection of alpha synuclein, a potential biomarker of Parkinson's disease: quartz tuning fork-based mass sensitive immunosensor design
Authors: Sonuç Karaboğa Münteha Nur , Ünal Mehmet Altay , Arı Fikret , Sezgintürk Mustafa Kemal , Özkan Sibel Ayşıl
Published: January 2024

An innovative biosensing fabrication strategy has been demonstrated for the first time using a quartz tuning fork to develop a practical immunosensor for sensitive, selective and practical analysis of alpha synuclein protein.
A chiral metal cluster triggers enantiospecific electronic transport
Authors: Hernández-Montes Omar , Garzón Ignacio L. , Barrios-Vargas J. Eduardo
Published: January 2024

This work theoretically predicts the existence of enantiospecific electronic transport in chiral-modified molecular junctions.
Synthesis of heterointerfaces in NiO/SnO2 coated nitrogen-doped graphene for efficient lithium storage
Authors: Yin Shujuan , Zhang Xueqian , Liu Dongdong , Huang Xiaoxiao , Wang Yishan , Wen Guangwu
Published: January 2024

NiO/SnO2 heterojunction modified nitrogen doped graphene were prepared using hydrothermal and carbonization techniques. Experiments suggest that built-in electric fields will accelerate ion migration and improve electrochemical reaction kinetics.
Internal conversion induced by external electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Valiev R. R. , Nasibullin R. T. , Merzlikin B. S. , Khoroshkin K. , Cherepanov V. N. , Sundholm D.
Published: January 2024

We have developed a new methodology for calculating contributions to the rate constants (kIC) of internal conversion that are induced by external electric (kIC-E) or magnetic (kIC-M) fields.
Z-scheme Al2SeTe/GaSe and Al2SeTe/InS van der Waals heterostructures for photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Guo Shaoying , Cui Zhou , Zou Yanhui , Sa Baisheng
Published: January 2024

Al2SeTe/GaSe and Al2SeTe/InS heterostructures are Z-scheme photocatalysts with large overpotentials for photocatalytic water splitting reactions.
Pd-Catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation of heterocycles: a user's guide
Authors: Richard François , Clark Paul , Hannam Al , Keenan Thomas , Jean Alexandre , Arseniyadis Stellios
Published: January 2024

This review analyses recent advances and strategies employed in the Pd-AAA of nucleophilic prochiral heterocycles. Each section is focused on a specific heterocycle, where optimisation data and reaction scope have been carefully analysed.
Surfactant-free 2D/2D Pd/g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Huang Zhijun , Wu Jie , Yang Chunliang , Yan Fengwen , Yuan Guoqing
Published: January 2024

To eliminate the negative effects of surfactants on catalysis, surfactant-free Pd nanosheets are anchored on g-C3N4 nanosheets, which exhibit improved photocatalytic activity toward CO2 reduction compared with surfactant-coated samples.
Spontaneous redox reaction-mediated interfacial charge transfer in titanium dioxide/graphene oxide nanoanodes for rapid and durable lithium storage
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhang Yuzhao , Zhao Yutong , Fan Huilin , Zheng Runguo , Wang Zhiyuan , Sun Hongyu , Liu Yanguo
Published: January 2024

Spontaneous redox reaction between the defective TiO2 powder and the oxidative graphene oxide (GO) substate can be used to form the interface covalent bonds in the composites, which are responsible for the enhancement of lithium storage performance.
Direct biomass valorisation to γ-valerolactone by Ru-PNP catalysed hydrogenation in acid
Authors: Koranchalil Sakhitha , Nielsen Martin
Published: January 2024

Simultaneous homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation and acid-treatment of carbohydrates yields GVL in excellent yields from substrates from raw biomass to monosaccharides.
Design, synthesis, and antiproliferative evaluation of novel dehydroabietic acid-1,2,3-triazole-oxazolidinone hybrids
Authors: Wu Yaju , Huang Lin , Ma Xianli , Zhou Xiaoqun , Li Qian , Li Fangyao
Published: January 2024

Compound 4p blocked the cell cycle of MGC-803 cells in G1 phase stage and induced cell apoptosis.
Small molecules modulating RNA splicing: a review of targets and future perspectives
Authors: Bouton Léa , Ecoutin Agathe , Malard Florian , Campagne Sébastien
Published: January 2024

The review focuses on small molecules that modulate RNA splicing by interacting with a variety of targets, and in the context of disease treatment.
Construction of a peroxidase nanozyme based on Prussian blue and its application in GSH colorimetric assays
Authors: Lv Xiaocheng , Zhang Ying , Zheng Yajin , Tong Qianzi , Zhang Yingying , Wang Siyu , Chen Jing , Liu Xifu , Sun Xueke
Published: January 2024

Nanozymes demonstrate significant potential for various applications in multiple fields due to their mimetic activity, stability, ease of storage, and cost-effectiveness compared to natural enzymes.
A lipase-conjugated carbon nanotube fiber-optic SPR sensor for sensitive and specific detection of tributyrin
Authors: Zhang Hongxin , Li Xuegang , Zhou Xue , Zhang Yanan , Zhao Yong
Published: January 2024

A novel lipase-conjugated carbon nanotube SPR fiber-optic sensor is used to specifically detect tributyrin.
Recent advances in biomaterial designs for assisting CAR-T cell therapy towards potential solid tumor treatment
Authors: Lin Yuting , Chen Ying , Luo Zheng , Wu Yun-Long
Published: January 2024

Advances in functional biomaterial designs for assisting CAR-T therapy against solid tumors.
Movable-type printing method to fabricate ternary FeCoNi alloys confined in porous carbon towards oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn-air batteries
Authors: Cong Xuzi , Wang Jigang , Sun Yinggang , Feng Gaojin , Liu Qiang , Wang Likai
Published: January 2024

FeCoNi confined in nitrogen-doped carbon was fabricated via movable-type printing method, where a range of transition metal- based catalysts could be prepared by the different metal precursors, demonstrating highly activities for ORR and OER.
Picolinamide-assisted ortho-C–H functionalization of pyrenylglycine derivatives using aryl iodides
Authors: Dalal Arup , Bodak Subhankar , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda
Published: January 2024

Chemical transformations involving pyrenylglycine are seldom known. This paper reports the synthesis of C(2)-arylated pyrenylglycine (an unnatural amino acid) motifs via a Pd(ii)-catalyzed C–H functionalization and arylation in the non-K-region of pyrene.
Copper-catalyzed thiocyanation of cyclobutanone oxime esters using ammonium thiocyanate
Authors: Zhao Xia , Sun Tengteng , Gu Wenxin , Qin Jingwen , Lu Kui , Ye Fei
Published: January 2024

A copper-catalyzed thiocyanation of cyclobutanone oxime esters by potassium ammonium thiocyanate was achieved for the first time. Subsequent derivatization of thiocyano substituted alkylnitriles led to various sulfur-containing alkylnitriles.
Towards tetrasubstituted furans through rearrangement and cyclodimerization of acetylenic ketones
Authors: Dai Zhenyun , Xu Chenyong , Tian Rongqiang , Duan Zheng
Published: January 2024

We developed a simple route to phosphorus-containing tetrasubstituted furans via the phosphane borane complex-enabled rearrangement and cyclodimerization of acetylenic ketones under basic conditions.
A visible-light-induced bromine radical initiates direct C–H alkylation of heteroaromatics
Authors: Cao Xiangxue , Wei Lanfeng , Yang Jinbo , Song Huanhuan , Wei Yu
Published: January 2024

Herein, a photoinduced direct C(sp2)–H alkylation of N-heteroaromatics by using commercially available tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBATB) as a HAT reagent is described.
l-Proline-catalysed synthesis of 2-aryl-2H,5H-thiopyrano[2,3-b] thiochromen-5-ones from 4-hydroxydithiocoumarins and cinnamaldehyde derivatives
Authors: Ali Ahmad , Faraz Simra , Khan Abu Taleb
Published: January 2024

The regioselective synthesis of 2-aryl-2H,5H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]thiochromen-5-ones was achieved using 4-hydroxydithiocoumarins and substituted cinnamaldehydes under metal-free conditions.
LiOtBu-promoted synthesis of bis(3-indolyl)methanes by the alkylation of indoles with alcohols under air
Authors: Nguyen Hai Yen , Tran Thu Hue , Do Ha Nam , Van Do Dang , Ngo Quoc-Anh , Tien Nguyen Quyet , Thanh Nga Truong Thi , Nguyen Hien , Hung Tran Quang , Dang Tuan Thanh
Published: January 2024

Bis(3-indolyl)methanes (BIMs) are known for their important bioactivities, which include anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.
Synthesis of ZnO and PEG-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled size for biological evaluation
Authors: Khan Mahnoor , Ahmad Bashir , Hayat Khizar , Ullah Fahad , Sfina Nourreddine , Elhadi Muawya , Khan Abid Ali , Husain Mudasser , Rahman Nasir
Published: January 2024

The objective of this research was to produce the smallest possible ZnO nanoparticles through an adapted wet chemical process and subsequently, to fabricate a core–shell structure utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the shell component.
Selective fluorescence turn-on detection of combination cisplatin–etoposide chemotherapy based on N-CDs/GSH-CuNCs nanoprobe
Authors: Alhazzani Khalid , Alanazi Ahmed Z. , Mostafa Aya M. , Barker James , El-Wekil Mohamed M. , Ali Al-Montaser Bellah H.
Published: January 2024

Cisplatin (CIS) and etoposide (ETP) simultaneous determination using N-CDs/GSH-CuNCs nanoprobe.
Selective aerobic oxidative C–C bond cleavage using a high-entropy oxide-derived multimetallic catalyst
Authors: Guo Shaoyuan , Tong Xinli , Wang Jipeng , Tang Hang
Published: January 2024

A stable and efficient high entropy catalyst is developed for the selective oxidative C–C bond cleavage in the presence of O2.
Electrochemical cascade migratory versus ortho-cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides
Authors: Shi Zhaojiang , Dong Shicheng , Liu Ting , Wang Wei-Zhen , Li Nan , Yuan Yaofeng , Zhu Jun , Ye Ke-Yin
Published: January 2024

Sulfonimidyl radicals generated from the electrolysis of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides undergo cascade migratory or ortho-cyclization cyclization selectively, through a spirocyclic cation intermediate, toward the facile preparation of polycyclic heterocycles of promising antibacterial activity.
Nanoarchitectonics of 3D-networked bio-based binders for silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries based on dynamic hydrogen bonding
Authors: Yu Liang , Chang Meng , Zhang Miaolan , Yang Yuting , Chen Ken , Jiang Tao , Shi Dean , Zhang Qunchao , You Jou
Published: January 2024

A bio-based binder was developed to improve the electrochemical performance of silicon-anode lithium-ion batteries.
Mixed anion effects on structural and electrochemical characteristics of Li4Ti5O12 for high-rate and durable anode materials
Authors: Kim Hye-min , Kim Dae-wook , Hara Kenjiro , Shiiba Hiromasa , Charles-Blin Youn , Otal Eugenio , Tanaka Hideki , Teshima Katsuya , Sánchez-Santolino Gabriel , Ishikawa Ryo , Ikuhara Yuichi , Zettsu Nobuyuki
Published: January 2024

F− or Cl− doped LTO surface significantly reduced the presence of pentacoordinate Ti atoms due to halide bonding, resulting in mitigation of electrode deformation due to gas evolution, which is a typical characteristic of LTO electrodes.
Accelerating materials research with a comprehensive data management tool: a case study on an electrochemical laboratory
Authors: Röttcher Nico C. , Akkoc Gun D. , Finger Selina , Fritsch Birk , Möller Jonas , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Dworschak Dominik
Published: January 2024

Introduction of an SQL and Python-based tool for managing research data from acquisition to publication. The method enables FAIR-compatible data management, minimizes user interaction, and provides customizability for diverse research domains.
Le Chatelier's principle enables stable and sustainable aqueous sodium/magnesium-ion batteries
Authors: Karlsmo Martin , Hosaka Tomooki , Johansson Patrik
Published: January 2024

We present a new Prussian blue analogue based aqueous battery that by three salts in low-to-medium concentrations in the electrolyte substantially enhances the cycling performance and give promise for low-cost and sustainable energy storage.
Synthesis and antibacterial properties of fluorinated biodegradable cationic polyesters
Authors: Li Zhao-Yue , Zhang Xiaoying , Qian Yi-Lin , Du Fu-Sheng , Li Zi-Chen
Published: January 2024

A new class of degradable amphiphilic cationic polyesters containing pendent quaternary ammonium motifs and hydrophobic alkyl or fluoroalkyl groups were synthesized. Both the cationic/hydrophobic ratio and existence of fluoroalkyl groups affect their antibacterial performance.