bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Sequencing of the Murine Igh Repertoire Reveals Complex Regulation of Nonrandom V Gene Rearrangement Frequencies
Authors: Choi Nancy M. , Loguercio Salvatore , Verma-Gaur Jiyoti , Degner Stephanie C. , Torkamani Ali , Su Andrew I. , Oltz Eugene M. , Artyomov Maxim , Feeney Ann J.
Published: July 2013

A diverse Ab repertoire is formed through the rearrangement of V, D, and J segments at the IgH (Igh) loci. The C57BL/6 murine Igh locus has >100 functional VH gene segments that can recombine to a rearranged DJH. Although the nonrandom usage of VH genes is well documented, it is not clear what elements determine recombination frequency. To answer this question, we conducted deep sequencing of 5′-RACE products of the Igh repertoire in pro-B cells, amplified in an unbiased manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation–sequencing results for several histone modifications and RNA polymerase II binding, RNA-sequencing for sense and antisense noncoding germline transcripts, and proximity to CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and Rad21 sites were compared with the usage of individual V genes. Computational analyses assessed the relative importance of these various accessibility elements. These elements divide the Igh locus into four epigenetically and transcriptionally distinct domains, and our computational analyses reveal different regulatory mechanisms for each region. Proximal V genes are relatively devoid of active histone marks and noncoding RNA in general, but having a CTCF site near their recombination signal sequence is critical, suggesting that being positioned near the base of the chromatin loops is important for rearrangement. In contrast, distal V genes have higher levels of histone marks and noncoding RNA, which may compensate for their poorer recombination signal sequences and for being distant from CTCF sites. Thus, the Igh locus has evolved a complex system for the regulation of V(D)J rearrangement that is different for each of the four domains that comprise this locus.
The effect of a reminder diary on risk factors in patients with chronic hypertension attending a clinic at a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Webber Janine , Stewart Aimee , Becker Piet
Published: July 2013

Background: Poor adherence to lifestyle interventions and medication-taking is problematic, and there is some evidence that a diary may be useful in facilitating patients’ adherence to lifestyle modification in chronic disease.Objectives: To compare changes in blood pressure, waist–hip ratio, body mass index, blood levels and exercise capacity between two experimental groups and one control group (CG) after a six month intervention, and at a further three month follow up.Method: This was a longitudinal randomised control trial. All three groups under went usual treatment. In addition, Experimental group one (EG1) received the diary as well as a once-a-month telephone call and Experimental group two (EG2) received only a once-a-month telephone call. Changes in measurements were established using an ANCOVA. The significance of the study was set at p = 0.05.Results: The added intervention of the diary had no direct effect on blood pressure change greater than that achieved by the appropriate medication. All three groups showed a clinically significant drop in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure to accepted norms. There were marginal differences in EG1 for waist–hip ratios (p = 0.06) at six months. There were significant low density lipoprotein (LDL) reductions in both EG1 and EG2 at nine months compared with the CG (p = 0.02) Walking distances improved minimally in both EG1 and EG2.Conclusion: The diary and telephone interventions showed some positive trends toward improvements in risk factors of patients with chronic hypertension.
The evaluation of a frame-of-reference training programme for intern psychometrists
Authors: Mulder Gerdi , Jorgensen Lene I. , Nel J. Alewyn , Meiring Deon
Published: July 2013

Orientation: The use of assessment centres (ACs) has drastically increased over the past decade. However, ACs are constantly confronted with the lack of construct validity. One aspect of ACs that could improve the construct validity significantly is that of assessor training. Unfortunately untrained or poorly trained assessors are often used in AC processes. Research purpose: The purpose of this research was to evaluate a frame-of-reference (FOR) programme to train intern psychometrists as assessors at an assessment centre. Motivation of study: The role of an assessor is important in an AC; therefore it is vital for an assessor to be able to evaluate and observe candidates’ behaviour adequately. Commencing with this training in a graduate psychometrist programme gives the added benefit of sending skilled psychometrists to the workplace. Research design, approach and method: A quantitative research approach was implemented, utilising a randomised pre-test-post-test comparison group design. Industrial Psychology postgraduate students (N = 22) at a South African university were used and divided into an experimental group (n = 11) and control group (n = 11). Three typical AC simulations were utilised as pre- and post-tests, and the ratings obtained from both groups were statistically analysed to determine the effect of the FOR training programme. Main findings: The data indicated that there was a significant increase in the familiarity of the participants with the one-on-one simulation and the group discussion simulation. Practical/managerial implications: Training intern psychometrists in a FOR programme could assist organisations in the appointment of more competent assessors. Contribution/value-add: To design an assessor training programme using FOR training for intern psychometrists in the South African context, specifically by incorporating this programme into the training programme for Honours students at universities.
Shattered stories: Healing and reconciliation in the South African context
Authors: Wielenga Cori
Published: July 2013

Sharing our stories has been described, by those in the field as well as by popular opinion, as a way to foster healing and reconciliation following violent conflict. This article argues that sharing stories is in itself not necessarily helpful. It is when our stories are shattered by the story of another that meaningful change can begin to take place and new stories can emerge. This idea will be explored in the South African context, with reference to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission as well as current events. It will consider storytelling and reconciliation using John Lederach�s four-part model of justice, truth, mercy and peace.
Identification of Potential Prognostic Markers for Knee Osteoarthritis by Serum Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Takinami Yoshihiko , Yoshimatsu Shinya , Uchiumi Takaoki , Toyosaki-Maeda Tomoko , Morita Atsushi , Ishihara Takeshi , Yamane Shoji , Fukuda Isao , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Numata Yoshito , Fukui Naoshi
Published: July 2013

Background

As osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly heterogeneous disease in terms of progression, establishment of prognostic biomarkers would be highly beneficial for treatment. The present study was performed to identify novel biomarkers capable of predicting the progression of knee OA.

Methods

A total of 69 plasma samples (OA patients undergoing radiographic progression, n = 25; nonprogression, n = 33; healthy donors, n = 11) were analyzed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS), and ion peaks of interest were identified by liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-TOF MS. The identities of these proteins were further validated by immunoprecipitation combined with SELDI-TOF MS analysis.

Results

SELDI-TOF MS analysis indicated that the intensities of 3 ion peaks differed significantly between progressors and nonprogressors. Subsequent analyses indicated that these peaks corresponded to apolipoprotein C-I, C-III, and an N-terminal truncated form of transthyretin, respectively. The identities of these proteins were confirmed by the loss of ion peaks in SELDI-TOF MS spectra by immunoprecipitation using specific antibodies for the respective proteins.

Conclusions

Three potential biomarkers were identified whose serum levels differed significantly between OA progressors and nonprogressors. These biomarkers are expected to be prognostic biomarkers for knee OA and to facilitate the development of novel disease-modifying treatments for OA.
Interest rates and inflation: What are the links?
Authors: Sawyer Malcolm
Published: July 2013

The purpose is to examine some of the links in the chain which is said to run from the rate of interest to the rate of inflation. It is argued that that there is a tendency to slip from arguments which that the rate of interest is related to the price level to suggesting that the rate of interest is related to the rate of inflation. The neo-Wicksellian approach is examined and found to support more the view that the rate of interest impacts the level of prices rather than the rate of inflation. It is also argued that the route through the exchange rate does not support the view that higher interest rates will dampen down inflation (though it may lower prices relative to what they would have been). It is further argued that the link from the level of economic activity to the rate of inflation is theoretically dubious. In the last section it is briefly indicated that there is a lack of empirical support for any strong link from interest rate to inflation.
Credit expansion and development – A Schumpeterian and Keynesian view of the Chinese miracle
Authors: Herr Hansjörg
Published: July 2013

In neoclassical thinking, insufficient development is considered the result of a lack of resources, and an inefficient allocation. Deregulated markets have to guarantee a better allocation of resources as well as a net resource inflow to augment the domestic physical capital stock. From a Schumpeterian-Keynesian perspective, it is not the lack of physical resources and optimal allocation which prevent development. It is first and foremost the lack of a sufficient credit-investment mechanism which leads to the perpetuation of underdevelopment. It is shown here that the Schumpeterian-Keynesian perspective gives a much more plausible interpretation of the Chinese development than the neoclassical perspective. It is also shown under which regulations and conditions a credit-investment process in developing countries is possible.
Asset price bubbles and counter-cyclical monetary policy: Why central banks have been wrong and what should be done
Authors: Palley Thomas I.
Published: July 2013

Central banks have generally opposed targeting asset and credit market excess. This paper argues against that position. Bubbles can impose significant harm through the debt footprint effects they leave behind, and through distortions resulting from using interest rates to mitigate their aggregate demand impacts. Conventional interest rate policy is not well suited to managing bubbles, and the paper argues for adoption of a new system of asset based reserve requirements (ABRR). Not only can ABRR target asset market excess, they also strengthen counter-cyclical monetary policy.
Uncertainty, bounded rationality and post-Keynesian Macroeconomics
Authors: Olesen Finn
Published: July 2013

As a core element in mainstream neoclassical theory we assume that economic agents behave rationally. They have full information about everything of economic relevance at present, as well as concerning the future. They either maximize their profit or their utility. Is the model of the rational economic man realistic and a useful concept? According to post-Keynesians and the school of bounded rationality (e.g. the works of Herbert Simon and others) the answer to this question is ›No‹. In this paper we discuss some aspects of bounded rationality and the position taken by Keynes and by the post-Keynesians who argued that actual behaviour is restricted and less than perfect due to the existence of fundamental uncertainty as pointed out by Keynes in his General Theory. Therefore, the macroeconomic system should be seen as an open, changeable and path-dependent system.
Uncertainty, social norms and consumption theory: Post and New Keynesian approaches
Authors: Menz Jan-Oliver
Published: July 2013

Consumption theory has always been a neglected field in post-Keynesian economics, whereas it is at the center of New Keynesian economics. This paper investigates similarities and differences between the two approaches. I will show that the newer mainstream models indeed give results that are fairly similar to traditional Keynesian ideas, even if differences – especially concerning methodological questions – still remain. Building on insights from Economic Sociology and Behavioral Economics, the importance for consumption theory of an adequate treatment of risk and uncertainty on the one hand, and the role of social norms on the other hand are emphasized.
Editorial to the Special Issue
Authors: Niechoj Torsten , van Treeck Till
Published: July 2013

First paragraph

The financial market crisis that transformed into a global recession is a challenge for both economic theory and policy. In retrospect, nearly three years after the first signs of the crisis, a few tentative conclusions concerning the appropriateness and effectiveness of the responses to the crisis might be possible. After an initial state of shock, the political system acted forcefully and issued programmes to stabilise both financial sector and the real economy all over the world. Moreover, governments started to talk about an encompassing regulation of the financial sector, which was supported by many economists. This is indeed remarkable compared to what used to be common sense in the years before within advisory bodies – among others the European Commission, the IMF and academic think tanks. Privatisation and liberalisation of markets were, then, thought to be key to increasing the capacity of the economy to absorb shocks and to guarantee high growth rates and economic well-being. Although in that respect politicians and economists obviously did learn from the crisis and began to take seriously alternative ideas which had for a long time been absent in the debates, a ›return to normality‹ is already imminent; the planned fiscal retrenchment programmes, particularly within the European Union, and the deferral of regulatory measures for financial markets are testament to this. The king is dead, long live the king? From today's view it is not clear whether or not, in the longer run, this crisis has really shaken the foundations of economic thinking and policy making.
Editorial to the Special Issue
Authors: Arestis Philip
Published: July 2013

First paragraph

This special issue of Intervention. European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies is devoted to Geoff Harcourt, self-proclaimed Australian patriot and Cambridge economist. His work is squarely within the Political Economy approach to economics. In 2010 Geoff Harcourt decided to return back to his Australian roots and it is for this reason that the organisers of the 7th international conference, Developments in Economic Theory and Policy, Bilbao (Spain), 1–2 July 2010, Department of Applied Economics V, University of the Basque Country, and Cambridge Centre for Economic and Public Policy, University of Cambridge, set up two sessions to celebrate Geoff Harcourt's work. The editors of Intervention very kindly offered to publish the proceedings of the two sessions in this issue. Not only did Geoff Harcourt attend the conference, he also contributed to the sessions. This special issue begins with his contribution.
Incomes policy: Two approaches
Authors: Sardoni Claudio
Published: July 2013

Post-Keynesians in general, and Geoff Harcourt in particular, have always laid much emphasis on incomes policies, which allow policy-makers to implement expansionary demand-side policies and ensure price stability. Mainstream economics, instead, gives little, if any, relevance to incomes policies. The central bank's monetary policy is the main tool to be used to ensure price stability. In the mainstream approach, price stability is ensured by constraining the economy's level of output and employment below full employment. This can be defined as the mainstream implicit incomes policy.

This article argues that policy indications different from the mainstream can be derived. This, in particular, is done by removing the typical hypothesis that, in the short period, productivity is constant and independent of variations of aggregate output. This sort of approach allows for non-inflationary demand expansionary policies, which at the same time can promote the productivity and efficiency of the economy as a whole. This line of analysis is largely influenced by the work of Geoff Harcourt.
International capital movements, speculation, and the ›conservation of saving‹ principle. A ›Harcourtian‹ interpretation of global imbalances and the global crisis
Authors: Costabile Lilia
Published: July 2013

This paper is inspired by the contributions made by Geoff Harcourt concerning the macroeconomics of open economies, international capital movements and speculation (e.g. Harcourt 1994, Dalziel/Harcourt 1997). This conceptual framework is developed in a simple model, useful for validating some of Harcourt's policy proposals for open economies, as well as for interpreting global imbalances and the global crisis. More specifically, this paper describes the workings of two economies, Home and the Rest of the World (RoW), which are related through both trade and capital flows. On this basis, this article: (i) develops the relationship between income levels in a deficit country (Home) and in a partner country (RoW); (ii) studies the role of key parameters in the two countries' main macroeconomic functions; (iii) applies the main results to global imbalances and in particular to the US, which plays the role of Home in the present context; (v) suggests a possible link between global imbalances, speculation, and the international role of the dollar; (vi) proposes an enlarged version of Harcourt's ›modest proposal for taming speculators‹.
Post-Keynesian macrodynamics and path-dependent growth
Authors: Setterfield Mark
Published: July 2013

This paper discusses the treatment of growth as a path-dependent process in post-Keynesian macrodynamics. A synthetic post-Keynesian growth model is used to demonstrate the ways in which growth can be described as path-dependent in the post-Keynesian tradition. Recent developments in neoclassical endogenous growth theory are then discussed, with a view to highlighting the sense in which these developments encroach on the post-Keynesian treatment of growth as demand-led and path-dependent. Finally, the paper reflects on the pros and cons of these neoclassical developments for the future of post-Keynesian macrodynamics.
The NAIRU: Still ›Not An Interesting Rate of Unemployment‹
Authors: Cross Rod , Lang Dany
Published: July 2013

This paper assesses the Layard et al. (1991) NAIRU framework for explaining unemployment. Their approach is distinct from the natural rate of unemployment framework in that it postulates a short-run NAIRU influenced by ›hysteresis‹. It is pointed out that this is not hysteresis in the meaning employed elsewhere, so an outline of what hysteresis actually implies for unemployment is offered. The main implication is that unemployment does not revert to a long-run ›natural rate‹ equilibrium, as claimed by Layard et al., but instead is shaped by the past extrema of dominant exogenous shocks. It is argued that this is a more useful approach to the explanation of equilibrium unemployment than the NAIRU, which, for its analytical and empirical flaws, can be considered to be ›not an interesting rate of unemployment‹. The hysteretic alternative to the natural rate hypothesis can be called the DESIRU (dominant extrema, steady inflation, rate of unemployment).
Equilibrium interest rate and financial transactions in post-Keynesian models. Pointing out some overlooked features
Authors: Asensio Angel
Published: July 2013

The paper argues that beyond the deviations of the long-term interest rate the monetary authority may cause, it is the rate determined by the market conventional expectations that prevails eventually. Lasting influence requires the authority to be capable of changing the market conventional expectations, not only refinancing conditions. The paper also explores the implicit financial transactions behind interest rate determination in post-Keynesian simple macro-models. It points out symmetry between the money and finance markets in equilibrium models. As a consequence of endogenous money, the finance market cannot but clear along with the money market, which sheds light on the rejection of the ›loanable funds‹ theory. In disequilibrium business cycle models, on the other hand, the symmetry is between the financial and goods markets, as in the ›loanable funds‹ theory.
What are banks and bank regulation for? A consideration of the foundations for reform
Authors: Dow Sheila C.
Published: July 2013

The paper considers the different ways in which we can approach reform of banking regulation by reflecting on different views on the nature and purpose of money and banks. We consider first the mainstream theory of banking and the interpretation of moral hazard as an expression of calculative rational behaviour, such that reform of banking regulation is formulated in terms of financial incentives and constraints. Post-Keynesian banking theory rather emphasises banks' role in providing society's money and thus the centrality of social conventions, particularly confidence in the money asset. The key is to design regulation so as to allow banks to play their supportive role in the economy, while suppressing scope for a negative role. This approach involves a broader understanding both of moral hazard and of regulation itself.
The case for capital account management in emerging market economies: The experiences of the BRICs
Authors: Bibow Joerg
Published: July 2013

Currency market intervention cum reserve accumulation has emerged as the favored »self-insurance« strategy in recipient countries of excessive private capital inflows. This paper argues that capital account management represents a less costly alternative line of defense deserving renewed consideration; especially in the absence of fundamental reform of the global monetary and financial order. Mainstream arguments in favor of financial globalization are found unconvincing. It is argued that any indirect benefits allegedly obtainable through hot money inflows are equally obtainable without actually tolerating such inflows. The paper investigates the experiences of Brazil, Russia, India and China (the BRICs) in the global crisis and subsequent recovery, focusing on their respective policies regarding capital flows.
IMAGE-BASED 3D MODELING VS LASER SCANNING FOR THE ANALYSIS OF MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE: THE CASE OF ST. CROCE CHURCH IN BERGAMO
Authors: Cardaci A. , Versaci A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The Church of St. Croce in Bergamo (second half of the 11th century), is a small four-sided building consisting of two overlapping volumes located in the courtyard adjacent to the Bishop's Palace. In the last years, archaeological excavations have unearthed parts of the edifice, until that time hidden because buried during the construction of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore and now restored its original form. Due to the recent discoveries, a critical review of all the existing documentation in order to clarify the relationship of the various building components has been considered necessary. A quick, well-timed, chromatically characterized and accurate survey aimed at the complete digital reconstruction of this interesting example of medieval Italian architecture was then needed. This has suggested simultaneously testing two of the most innovative technologies: the 3D laser scanning survey ensuring high-resolution and complete models within a short time, and the photogrammetric automatic image-based modelling, allowing a three-dimensional reconstruction of the architectural objects. This paper intends to show the results achieved by the analytical comparison between the two methodologies, and thus analyse their differences, the advantages and the deficiencies of both of them and the opportunities for future enhancements and developments.
3D ARCHITECTURAL VIDEOMAPPING
Authors: Catanese R.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. 3D architectural mapping is a video projection technique that can be done with a survey of a chosen building in order to realize a perfect correspondence between its shapes and the images in projection. As a performative kind of audiovisual artifact, the real event of the 3D mapping is a combination of a registered video animation file with a real architecture. This new kind of visual art is becoming very popular and its big audience success testifies new expressive chances in the field of urban design. My case study has been experienced in Pisa for the Luminara feast in 2012.
RECORDING CULTURAL HERITAGE USING TERRESTRIAL LASERSCANNING – DEALING WITH THE SYSTEM, THE HUGE DATASETS THEY CREATE AND WAYS TO EXTRACT THE NECESSARY DELIVERABLES YOU CAN WORK WITH
Authors: Christofori E. , Bierwagen J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Recording Cultural Heritage objects using terrestrial laserscanning becomes more and more popular over the last years. Since terrestrial Laserscanning System (TLS) Manufacturers have strongly increased the amount and speed of data captured with a single scan at each system upgrade and cutting down system costs the use of TLS Systems for recording cultural heritage is an option for recording worth to think about beside traditional methods like Photogrammetric. TLS Systems can be a great tool for capturing complex cultural heritage object within a short amount of time beside the traditional methods but can be a nightmare to handle for further process if not used right while capturing. Furthermore TLS Systems still have to be recognized as survey equipment, even though some of the manufactures promote them as everyday tool. They have to be used in an intelligent way having in mind the clients and the individual cultural objects needs. Thus the efficient way to use TLS Systems for data recording becomes a relevant topic to deal with the huge Amount of data the Systems collect while recording. Already small projects can turn into huge Pointcloud Datasets that End user, like Architects or Archaeologist neither can't deal with as their technical equipment doesn't fit the requirements of the Dataset nor do they have the software tools to use the Data as the current software tools still are high prized. Even the necessary interpretation of the Dataset can be a tough task if the people who have to work on with the Pointcloud aren't educated right in order to understand TLS and the results it creates. The use of TLS Systems has to have in mind the project requirements of the individual Heritage Object, like the required accuracy, standards for Levels of Details (e.g. "Empfehlungen für die Baudokumentation, Günther Eckstein, Germany"), the required kind of Deliverables (Visualization, 2D Drawings, True Deformation Drawings, 3D Models, BIM or 4D – Animations) as well as the Projects budget, restrictions and special conditions of the object. And if it’s used in the right way TLS will fulfil all request and furthermore create additional recording, deliverable and financial benefit. Christofori und Partner is working with TLS Systems on cultural heritage Objects since 2005 trying to optimize the use of these systems (even in combining different systems like TLS, photogrammetric or new techniques) as well as creating useable deliverables for the Clients (Owner, Conservator, Designers and the Public) they can work on with.
THE URBAN STRUCTURE OF ROME BETWEEN HISTORY AND MODERN TIMES
Authors: Cianci M. G. , Calisi D.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The increasing use of computer technologies in projects involving the acquisition, documentation and communication of cultural heritage has led to a fast and ever more high demands of standards and methodologies in order to create best practices models. In the past years, in Europe it has been recorded a considerable interest in the digitization of Cultural Heritage and the creation of databases shared on the network (EUROPEANA, CARARE, 3D Icons), in the implementation of policies for the identification of shared global standards (EPOCH, MINERVA) and in the application of Web Gis (MAPPA, Mapping Gothic France). The research we project suits with this debate by proposing an innovative methodology for the investigation of the urban heritage. It should be able to document and represent the transformations that the city had during the time and the aim is to experiment a new methodology of knowledge and representation of the city.
CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY APPLIED TO THE DOCUMENTATION OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN GAZA STRIP, PALESTINE
Authors: Alby E. , Elter R. , Ripoche C. , Quere N. ,   INSA de Strasbourg
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In a geopolitical very complex context as the Gaza Strip it has to be dealt with an enhancement of an archaeological site. This site is the monastery of St. Hilarion. To enable a cultural appropriation of a place with several identified phases of occupation must undertake extensive archaeological excavation. Excavate in this geographical area is to implement emergency excavations, so the aim of such a project can be questioned for each mission. Real estate pressure is also a motivating setting the documentation because the large population density does not allow systematic studies of underground before construction projects. This is also during the construction of a road that the site was discovered. Site dimensions are 150 m by 80 m. It is located on a sand dune, 300 m from the sea. To implement the survey, four different levels of detail have been defined for terrestrial photogrammetry. The first level elements are similar to objects, capitals, fragment of columns, tiles for example. Modeling of small objects requires the acquisition of very dense point clouds (density: 1 point / 1 mm on average). The object must then be a maximum area of the sensor of the camera, while retaining in the field of view a reference pattern for the scaling of the point cloud generated. The pictures are taken at a short distance from the object, using the images at full resolution. The main obstacle to the modeling of objects is the presence of noise partly due to the studied materials (sand, smooth rock), which do not favor the detection of points of interest quality. Pretreatments of the cloud will be achieved meticulously since the ouster of points on a surface of a small object results in the formation of a hole with a lack of information, useful to resulting mesh. Level 2 focuses on the stratigraphic units such as mosaics. The monastery of St. Hilarion identifies thirteen floors of which has been documented years ago by silver photographs, scanned later. Modeling of pavements is to obtain a three-dimensional model of the mosaic in particular to analyze the subsidence, which it may be subjected. The dense point cloud can go beyond by including the geometric shapes of the pavement. The calculation mesh using high-density point cloud colorization allows cloud sufficient to final rendering. Levels 3 and 4 will allow the survey and representation of loci and sectors. Their modeling can be done by colored mesh or textured by a generic pattern but also by geometric primitives. This method requires the segmentation simple geometrical elements and creates a surface geometry by analysis of the sample points. Statistical tools allow the extraction plans meet the requirements of the operator can monitor quantitatively the quality of the final rendering. Each level has constraints on the accuracy of survey and types of representation especially from the point clouds, which are detailed in the complete article.
AUTOMATING THE MEASUREMENT OF RED CORAL IN SITU USING UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND CODED TARGETS
Authors: P. Drap  , D. Merad  , A. Mahiddine  , J. Seinturier  , P. Gerenton  , D. Peloso  , P.-M. Boï  , O. Bianchimani  , J. Garrabou
Published: July 2013

Abstract. A photogrammetry tool dedicated to the monitoring of red coral populations in situ has been developed by LSIS in Marseille (France). This tool is used to collect in an efficient and precise manner key data for the study of the population dynamics of red coral. In selected red coral populations, scuba-divers obtain a series of photographs from the permanent plots (about 2 m2) on an annual basis. To facilitate the photographic sampling and measurements, the scuba-divers use a 20 x 20 cm quadrat to cover the permanent plots. The analysis of the photographs provides reliable measurements on colony sizes (basal diameter and maximum height), occurrence of breakage of colonies and the occurrence of necrosis. To minimize the divers' tasks during the acquisition phase, we opted for stereoscopic acquisition using a single device to easily adapt the measurement procedure to the scene configuration. The material is quite light, one camera and two electronic strobes and a simple procedure with two photographs taken for each site. To facilitate the measurement phase of colony sizes; the exploitation of photographs consists of four key steps: orientation, scaling, measurement of the characteristic points of coral colonies and result validation (checking measurement consistency to detect possible errors in measurement or interpretation). Since the context of the shooting can vary widely, dominant colors, contrast, etc. may often change. In order to have a stable and common reference in all photographs independently of the site, we decided to always include a quadrat in the scene which then will be used for the orientation and scaling phases. The automation of orientation and the lack of constraints to adapt the analytical technique to the features of each site offer the possibility to multiply field surveys and to measure hundreds of quadrats from several different populations in a very efficient manner. The measurement results are exported into a spreadsheet application and integrated into the biologists' workflow. The results obtained from different red coral populations displaying contrasting characteristics (small versus large colony sizes) are presented and discussed at the end of this article.
EXPERIENCING THE "SPIRIT OF PLACE" AS A DESIGN TASK: THE STREET OF HAMRA IN THE HEART OF BEIRUT
Authors: El-Khoury N.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to introduce a subject related to the concept of re-use of historic places and their contemporary architecture settings. In this research, we examine a particular case study of the street of Hamra, located in the heart of Beirut, Lebanon. Hamra street has a particular character with a specific heritage and local spirit, and it is important to preserve this heritage value as part of any new architectural design intervention. In able to test our intentions of strengthening this strong relation between the specific heritage and any new architectural intervention, we used a method that relies on students' experiments in the case of a design studio. It is an experimental approach where the students of the architecture and design school of the Lebanese American University, were asked as a constraint in their concept, to integrate part of the heritage that characterizes Hamra: "the spirit of place" into their design while using information and communication technologies (ICTs). As a first step, they had to get familiar with the concept of heritage in its general meaning, then they studied the history, the heritage of Hamra and the urban fabric. They had to observe and collect data and then to focus on a main idea that will define the concept of their architectural design. As a second step, results were presented and compared. After analyzing the results, this experimental research showed that it is important to consider the "spirit of place" while designing a space.
THE NATIONAL COMMITMENT TOWARDS CONSERVING THE HERITAGE (DOCUMENTATION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL SITES IN GCC COUNTRIES)
Authors: AlSulaiti F.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The five Arab Gulf countries of Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman possess many shared characteristics and historical ties across their common peninsula. The prime factor uniting them is the historical nature of their entwined involvement with peoples and nations beyond the region. That the Gulf has been an important water passageway since ancient times suggests that the inhabitants of its shores met early on with other civilizations. The knowledge of one’s roots, history, and traditional arts supports awareness of inherited culture and can help contextualize and illuminate community reflection and identification. The intricacy of the recording and understanding processes of documentation requires skilled professionals, with knowledge and awareness for the associated tasks. Responsible of cultural heritage should provide the adequate documentations, recording and updating of the records. Collaboration of different individuals such as specialist heritage, archaeologists, surveyors, conservators, researchers, architectural historians, and many other expert personnel is the golden key of successful documentation. The purpose of this document is to show the authorities of Gulf Arab countries and their planning measures, management and sharing effect of recording the cultural heritage. This essay identifies key points in the approach to contextualizing and developing cultural identity in a way that respects organic qualities. Through highlighting a number of archeological ruins and outlining management plans, the essay explores frameworks that can be applied to promote and preserve integral identity of important sites and their greater surrounding communities.
TRABASA – TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE RECORDED BY MEANS OF BUILDING ARCHAEOLOGY IN SAUDI ARABIA: WORKSHOP IN JEDDAH
Authors: Herbig U. , Jäger-Klein C. , Mayer I. , Mortada H. , Styhler-Aydın G.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Saudi Arabia has a rich architectural heritage that can be found in all regions of the vast country. Except for a small number of publications the recording and documentation of the traditional built environment was not content of detailed scientific investigations so far. But with the increasing decay of the architectural heritage the interest for this kind of research is rising. A mirror of this efforts is the National Built Heritage Forum, annual conference, launched in 2010 by his excellency Prince Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities (SCTA). In that frame Saudi universities are intensifying research and educational programs for the research of traditional architecture. In 2008 the Department of Architecture of the College of Environmental Design at the King Abdulaziz University established a cooperation with the Department of History of Architecture and Building Archaeology of the Vienna University of Technology with the aim to start an exchange of knowledge and experience in building archaeology and building survey. An important part of this cooperation was a workshop for staff and students in the historic centre of Jeddah. The aim was to train methods and techniques on typical examples in the old town of Jeddah, Al Balad. This paper is describing the layout of the workshop, the process of the work and examples of the results.
IMPLEMENTATION OF 3D TOOLS AND IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCE INTERACTION FOR SUPPORTING LEARNING IN A LIBRARY-ARCHIVE ENVIRONMENT. VISIONS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Angeletaki A. , Carrozzino M. , Johansen S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In this paper we present an experimental environment of 3D books combined with a game application that has been developed by a collaboration project between the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway the NTNU University Library, and the Percro laboratory of Santa Anna University in Pisa, Italy. MUBIL is an international research project involving museums, libraries and ICT academy partners aiming to develop a consistent methodology enabling the use of Virtual Environments as a metaphor to present manuscripts content through the paradigms of interaction and immersion, evaluating different possible alternatives. This paper presents the results of the application of two prototypes of books augmented with the use of XVR and IL technology. We explore immersive-reality design strategies in archive and library contexts for attracting new users. Our newly established Mubil-lab has invited school classes to test the books augmented with 3D models and other multimedia content in order to investigate whether the immersion in such environments can create wider engagement and support learning. The metaphor of 3D books and game designs in a combination allows the digital books to be handled through a tactile experience and substitute the physical browsing. In this paper we present some preliminary results about the enrichment of the user experience in such environment.
3D DIGITAL SIMULATION OF MINNAN TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE CAISSON'S CRAFT TECHNIQUES
Authors: Lin Y. C. , Wu T. C. , Hsu M. F.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Caisson is one of the important representations of the Minnan (southern Fujian) temple architecture craft techniques and decorative aesthetics. The special component design and group building method present the architectural thinking and personal characteristics of great carpenters of Minnan temple architecture. In late Qing Dynasty, the appearance and style of caissons of famous temples in Taiwan apparently presented the building techniques of the great carpenters. However, as the years went by, the caisson design and craft techniques were not fully inherited, which has been a great loss of cultural assets. Accordingly, with the caisson of Fulong temple, a work by the well-known great carpenter in Tainan as an example, this study obtained the thinking principles of the original design and the design method at initial period of construction through interview records and the step of redrawing the "Tng-Ko" (traditional design, stakeout and construction tool). We obtained the 3D point cloud model of the caisson of Fulong temple using 3D laser scanning technology, and established the 3D digital model of each component of the caisson. Based on the caisson component procedure obtained from interview records, this study conducted the digital simulation of the caisson component to completely recode and present the caisson design, construction and completion procedure. This model of preserving the craft techniques for Minnan temple caisson by using digital technology makes specific contribution to the heritage of the craft techniques while providing an important reference for the digital preservation of human cultural assets.
CULTURAL HERITAGE AND FLOODS RISK PREPAREDNESS
Authors: Nedvědová K. , Pergl R.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The goal of this paper is to present some of the results of an ongoing project focused on protection of cultural heritage from flood danger. We present an original methodology of risk analysis of movable and immovable cultural heritage and two supporting web applications: one for experts and one for ordinary users. Cultural heritage forms a special category that requires different approach towards risk mitigation than other ordinary objects. First of all their assets cannot be reproduced so we have to pay much more attention for the correct preventive measures as well as remedial works after the potential disaster. Second, historical materials are usually more predispose to damage as they are already eroded by age. This brings a need of profound knowledge of the mechanical, chemical and biological reaction to the flood stress. This knowledge is usually not possessed by the stewards and owners in the sufficient rate. This is probably not even possible, because it encompasses knowledge of various building branches from the view of hydrology, physics, biology, chemistry, geology and others. To be able to perform an effective risk analysis and to choose right effective measures means to know the building and its condition as well as its setting very well. Therefore we want to give users and administrators of the buildings clear guidelines how to examine the objects and what else they might need to be aware of, in order to be ready and prepared.
HYBRID REPRESENTATION OF DIGITAL MOCKUP FOR HERITAGE BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Nicolas G. , Landrieu J. , Nugraha Y. , Père C.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This article deals with the implementation of tool allowing the portability of the digital mock-up for architectural projects on the building renovation place and the use of representation layers giving functions adapted to the different workers open to work in this place. Our test case is applied to renovation works on old windows in an ancient abbey where it is necessary to improve the thermal efficiency.
INTEGRATED DIGITAL SURVEY OF THE "FONTANA RUSTICA" IN THE GARDENS OF THE QUIRINALE.
Authors: Paris L. , Troiano W.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The paper illustrates the results of a research on integrated digital survey of the "Fontana Rustica" in the gardens of the Quirinale, artifact somewhat atypical for its particular organical configuration, and whose history is still to be discovered. The activity is performed by Critevat, interdepartmental research center in Rieti, within of the scientific collaboration with the Office for the conservation of artistic heritage of the Quirinale Palace. The integrated digital survey in recent years has had a strong impulse thanks to the technological development of the shape acquisition instruments. The research has analyzed the problems of interaction and integration of digital data obtainable using the latest digital technologies such as 3D laser-scanner and digital photogrammetry. A further level of research has focused on the possibility of management of 3D models in relation to data obtained by instruments and methods of investigation of different scientific culture such as seismic transmission tomography and thermografy.
MONITORING THE DETERIORATION OF STONE AT MINDENER MUSEUM'S LAPIDARIUM
Authors: Pomaska G.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Mindener Museum's Lapidarium incorporates a collection of stone work like reliefs, sculptures and inscriptions from different time epochs as advices of the city's history. These gems must be protected against environmental influences and deterioration. In advance of the measures a 3D reconstruction and detailed documentation has to be taken. The framework to establish hard- and software must match the museum's infrastructure. Two major question will be answered. Are low-cost scanning devices like depth cameras and digital of the shelf cameras suitable for the data acquisition? Does the functionality of open source and freeware covers the demand on investigation and analysis in this application? The working chain described in this contribution covers the structure from motion method and the reconstruction with RGB-D cameras. Mesh processing such as cleaning, smoothing, poisson surface reconstruction and texturing will be accomplished with MeshLab. Data acquisition and modelling continues in structure analysis. Therefore the focus lies as well on latest software developments related to 3D printing technologies. Repairing and finishing of meshes is a task for MeshMixer. Netfabb as a tool for positioning, dimensioning and slicing enables virtual handling of the items. On the Sketchfab web site one can publish and share 3D objects with integration into web pages supported by WebGL. Finally if a prototype is needed, the mesh can be uploaded to a 3D printing device provided by an online service.