bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research fronts of Chemical Biology
Authors: Lv Shanshan
Published: October 2021

Over the past decades, researchers have witnessed substantially increasing and ever-growing interests and efforts in Chemical Biology studies, thanks to the development of genome and epi-genome sequencing (revealing potential drug targets), synthetic chemistry (producing new medicines), bioorthogonal chemistry (chemistry in living systems) and high-throughput screening technologies (in vitro cell systems, protein binding assays and phenotypic assays). This report presents literature search results for current research in Chemical Biology, to explore basic principles, summarize recent advances, identify key challenges, and provide suggestions for future research (with a focus on Chemical Biology in the context of human health and diseases). Chemical Biology research can positively contribute to delivering a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that accompany pathology underlying diseases, as well as developing improved methods for diagnosis, drug discovery, and therapeutic delivery. While much progress has been made, as shown in this report, there are still further needs and opportunities. For instance, pressing challenges still exist in selecting appropriate targets in biological systems and adopting more rational design strategies for the development of innovative and sustainable diagnostic technologies and medical treatments. Therefore, more than ever, researchers from different disciplines need to collaborate to address the challenges in Chemical Biology.
Wpływ nawożenia roślin ziemniaka (Solanum tuberosum L.) na zawartość i jakość skrobi w bulwach
Authors: Liszka-Skoczylas Marta
Published: October 2021

Skrobia jest głównym składnikiem ziemniaka, stanowiącym ok. 17 ÷ 21 % masy świeżych bulw. Poza ilością, to struktura i skład, a w konsekwencji właściwości fizykochemiczne tego biopolimeru są ważnymi czynnikami określającymi kierunek jego zastosowań spożywczych i przemysłowych. Na wskaźniki te mają z kolei wpływ, oprócz genotypu, warunki środowiskowe i agrotechnika stosowana podczas uprawy roślin. Podstawą prawidłowego przebiegu procesów fizjologicznych i biochemicznych zachodzących w roślinie jest jej kompleksowe zaopatrzenie w łatwo dostępne składniki pokarmowe. Pełne odżywienie roślin ziemniaka decyduje bezpośrednio o ilości i jakości skrobi zawartej w bulwach. Zastosowanie odpowiedniego nawożenia (rodzaju oraz ilości stosowanego nawozu, jak również metody dozowania składników mineralnych i materii organicznej) wpływa m.in. na granulację ziaren polimeru, zawartość amylozy i fosforu, właściwości termiczne oraz proces kleikowania skrobi, np. zawartość skrobi w bulwach maleje przy niedostatecznej podaży potasu oraz przy zbyt dużych dawkach azotu. Mniejszy wpływ na ten parametr ma nawożenie fosforem. Zastosowanie doglebowo nawozów fosforowych i potasowych promuje formownie się dużych ziaren skrobi, podczas gdy nawożenie azotowe przynosi odwrotne skutki. Nawożenie roślin ziemniaka nie wpływa na strukturę krystalograficzną skrobi, jednak względna jej krystaliczność zwiększa się wraz ze wzrostem dawki potasu, a zmniejsza się w sytuacji większej podaży nawozu azotowego. Określenie wpływu nawożenia roślin na właściwości skrobi dostarcza przydatnych i ważnych informacji zarówno dla producentów ziemniaków, badaczy, jak i sektora przemysłowego, ponieważ stwarza możliwość kontroli warunków uprawy ziemniaka mających wpływ na uzyskanie skrobi natywnej o określonych właściwościach fizykochemicznych.
Wpływ preparatów enzymatycznych na trwałość pieczywa mieszanego wytworzonego na zakwasie i przechowywanego w warunkach zamrażalniczych
Authors: Kwaśniewska-Karolak Izabella , Mostowski Radosław
Published: October 2021

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu dodatku preparatów enzymatycznych oraz czasu i warunków przechowywania na fizykochemiczne właściwości pieczywa mieszanego wytworzonego na zakwasie. Badaniom poddano chleb pszenno-żytni bez udziału preparatów (kontrolny) oraz chleb z dodatkiem preparatów Finizyme i G-Zyme w ilościach 10 i 30 mg/900 g (bochenek). Chleby sporządzono zgodnie z recepturą na zakwasie, wypieczono w piecu przeznaczonym do wypieku chleba i przechowywano w warunkach zamrażalniczych przez 14 dni. W chlebach świeżych po siedmiu i czternastu dniach przechowywania wykonano analizy zawartości wody, objętości (chleb świeży), kwasowości, zawartości skrobi opornej i twardości miękiszu chleba. Wykonano także ocenę sensoryczną pieczywa. W czasie zamrażalniczego przechowywania zaobserwowano zmniejszenie zawartości wody (o 1 ÷ 12 %) i wzrost kwasowości, który w przypadku pieczywa z dodatkiem preparatów enzymatycznych przyczynił się do większego przyrostu ilości skrobi opornej (RS) w porównaniu z chlebem kontrolnym. Dodatek enzymów wpłynął znacząco na objętość chleba i na poprawę jego wyglądu zewnętrznego, co spowodowało, że został wyżej oceniony pod względem cech sensorycznych. Twardość chleba uległa zwiększeniu w trakcie dwóch tygodni jego przechowywania w stanie głębokiego zamrożenia. Większe zmiany wartości tego parametru stwierdzono w chlebie kontrolnym, natomiast dodatek preparatów enzymatycznych ograniczył w pewnym stopniu szybkość twardnienia miękiszu. Wprowadzenie do receptury chleba na zakwasie preparatów enzymatycznych należy więc uznać za korzystne z uwagi na wzrost objętości bochenków, ograniczenie ich twardnienia podczas zamrażalniczego przechowywania oraz zwiększenie zawartości skrobi RS – czynnika o charakterze prozdrowotnym.
The Effect of Circuit Training and Beetroot Training on the Increased Endurance of Karate Athletes
Authors: Sari Liliana Puspa , Sundari Della , Hendrawan Dicky , Karo Alan Alfiansyah Putra Karo , Usman Khairul
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Circuit Training training and beetroot giving to the improvement of endurance abilities in karate athletes. This research method using experimental methods. Population and sample were 10 athletes of Karate Dojo at SMA PAB 4 Sampali who were obtained by total sampling technique, then divided into two groups using matching pairing techniques, namely the Circuit Training training group and giving beets and without giving beets (control group). The research instrument for data collection using tests and measurements, namely the Bleeb test endurance test. The first hypothesis 0.120> 0.05, Ha is rejected, meaning that the first hypothesis Ho is accepted, there is no significant effect of Circuit Training training and Beetroot Training on the increase in athlete's endurance. The second hypothesis 0.183> 0.05, Ha is rejected, meaning that the conclusion of the second hypothesis Ho is accepted there is no significant effect of Circuit Training without giving beet fruit (control group) on the increase in athlete's endurance. The third hypothesis shows that the Sig. 0.757> 0.05, then Ha is rejected, that is, there is no significant difference between the average value of the post-training circuit training and the giving of beets between the experimental group without giving beets (control group).
Dysregulation of intracellular pH is a cause of impaired capacitation in Slc22a14-deficient mice
Authors: Ito Momoe , Unou Masato , Higuchi Toshiya , So Shuhei , Ito Masahiko , Yogo Keiichiro
Published: October 2021

Solute carrier 22a member 14 (SLC22A14) plays a critical role in male infertility in mice. We previously revealed that one of the causes of infertility is impaired capacitation. However, the molecular mechanism remained unclear. Here, we show that the influx of HCO3−, a trigger of capacitation, is impaired and intracellular pH (pHi) is decreased in the sperm of Slc22a14 knockout (KO) mice. While intracellular cAMP concentration did not increase during capacitation in Slc22a14 KO spermatozoa, HCO3−-dependent soluble adenylate cyclase activity was normal, and the addition of 8-bromo cAMP rescued the decreased protein tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, the pHi of Slc22a14 KO sperm was lower than that of WT sperm and did not increase after the addition of HCO3−. Although its relationship to the regulation of pHi is unknown, transmembrane protein 225, a possible protein phosphatase inhibitor, was found to be decreased in Slc22a14 KO sperm. The decreased in vitro fertilization rate of Slc22a14 KO sperm was partially rescued by an increase in the pHi and the addition of 8-bromo cAMP. These results suggest that SLC22A14 is involved in capacitation through the regulation of HCO3− transport and pHi.
F. M. Dostoevsky in the Biased Opinions of the Feuilletonist and Critic V. P. Burenin
Authors: Proshchenko Anastasia
Published: October 2021

The influence of the critic V. P. Burenin on the public life of the 1860s — 1880s is great: his popularity was comparable to that of V. G. Belinsky in the 1840s. According to B. B. Glinsky, everyone has secretly read Burenin's feuilletons, even those who despised the newspaper Novoe Vremya (New Time) and personally hated its critical columnist for the sharpness and rudeness of his polemical style. The article examines the evolution of the critic's views of F. M. Dostoevsky’s work and his role in Russian journalism and literature. In the initial period of his activity, V. P. Burenin tended to adhere to common moods and assessments, and scolded Dostoevsky. Gradually, he realized the scale of Dostoevsky's writing gift. Already a famous and influential author of the Novoe Vremya (New Time), V. P. Burenin became a great admirer, friend and defender of the writer. He was one of the few critics who appreciated the Writer's Diary. After Dostoevsky's death, Burenin maintained good communication with the writer's widow. Their correspondence makes it clear that A. G. Dostoevskaya considered Burenin her colleague in preserving the legacy of her late husband. The letters contain previously unknown information, namely, that the correspondence of the Novoe Vremya (New Time) about the fire in Staraya Russa were penned by A. G. Dostoevskaya herself, as well as some other information about Dostoevsky and the fate of his legacy.
Cross-Sector Approach Expands Screening and Addresses Health-Related Social Needs in Primary Care
Authors: Arbour Mary Catherine , Floyd Baraka , Morton Samantha , Hampton Patsy , Sims Jennifer Murphy , Doyle Stephanie , Atwood Sidney , Sege Robert
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES

During infancy, the American Academy of Pediatrics Bright Futures fourth edition health supervision guidelines recommend frequent well-child visits (WCVs) in which providers are expected to screen for and address maternal depression, intimate partner violence (IPV), and health-related social needs (HRSN). We spread an evidence-based approach that implements these recommendations (Developmental Understanding and Legal Collaboration for Everyone; DULCE) with 3 aims for 6-month-old infants and their families: 75% receive all WCVs on time, 95% are screened for 7 HRSNs, and 90% of families with concrete supports needs and 75% of families with maternal depression or IPV receive support.

METHODS

Between January 2017 and July 2018, five DULCE teams (including a community health worker, early childhood system representative, legal partner, clinic administrator, pediatric and behavioral health clinicians) from 3 communities in 2 states participated in a learning collaborative. Teams adapted DULCE using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, reported data, and shared learning monthly. Run charts were used to study measures. The main outcome was the percent of infants that received all WCVs on time.

RESULTS

The percentage of families who completed all WCVs on time increased from 46% to 65%. More than 95% of families were screened for HRSNs, 70% had ≥1 positive screen, and 86% and 71% of those received resource information for concrete supports and maternal depression and IPV, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Quality improvement–supported DULCE expansion increased by 50% the proportion of infants receiving all WCVs on time and reliably identified and addressed families’ HRSNs, via integration of existing resources.
Hábitos alimentarios de tres especies de peces lenguados (Pleuronectiformes: Achiridae) en la Bahía de Buenaventura, Pacífico Colombiano
Authors: Tafurt Villarraga Daniella , Molina Andrés , Duque Guillermo
Published: October 2021

Introducción: La dinámica de las condiciones ambientales influencia la variación del alimento disponible para los organismos estuarinos, afectando el consumo de alimento de los organismos bentónicos como los lenguados, esenciales para establecer y monitorear la calidad ambiental en estos ecosistemas. Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos tróficos de tres especies de la familia Achiridae en la Bahía de Buenaventura, Pacífico colombiano. Métodos: Los peces se recolectaron por medio de pesca de arrastre artesanal. Así mismo, en laboratorio se determinó la dieta de cada una de las especies y se calcularon diferentes índices tróficos, registrando diferencias en los hábitos alimentarios entre estas especies. Resultados: Se recolectó un total de 159 peces del género Achirus, siendo la especie más abundante Achirus klunzingeri (98), luego Achirus mazatlanus (44) y finalmente Achirus scutum (17). La dieta de A. scutum se basó en detritos, la de A. mazatlanus en detritos y peces y la de A. klunzingeri en crustáceos y peces. Los individuos de A. klunzingeri presentaron diferencias en su dieta entre la zona interna y externa del estuario, en la zona interna los peces fueron la presa principal y en la zona externa fueron los crustáceos. Las especies A. klunzingeri y A. mazatlanus presentaron ingesta de microplásticos, principalmente fibras alargadas e incoloras presentes en individuos de todas las tallas. La dinámica de los hábitos tróficos de A. klunzingeri, se relacionaron con algunas variables ambientales, como temperatura, trasparencia y oxígeno disuelto. Por ejemplo, estas tres variables presentaron correlaciones negativas con el ítem peces, y positivas para la categoría crustáceos. Conclusión: Se evidenció que estas especies son generalistas y que las condiciones ambientales no solo influenciaron la dinámica del consumo alimentario, sino que también, determinaron la presencia de los microplásticos.
Interacciones potenciales parásito-hospedero entre el escarabajo Dendroctonus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) y Pinus (Pinaceae) en México
Authors: García-Navarrete Patricia G. , Soria-Ortiz Gerardo J. , González-Salazar Constantino
Published: October 2021

Introducción: La relación parásito-hospedero entre Dendroctonus y Pinus es reconocida como una amenaza importante para los bosques de coníferas, debido a que puede causar una alta mortalidad de árboles y consecuentemente una pérdida de cobertura forestal. Objetivo: Identificar potenciales interacciones parásito-huésped entre descortezadores y pinos, así como la contribución de las condiciones ambientales para el establecimiento de estas interacciones ecológicas. Métodos: Se realizaron modelos de nicho ecológico y análisis de redes ecológicas con la plataforma web de minería de datos espaciales SPECIES (http://species.conabio.gob.mx/). Se incluyeron siete especies de descortezadores, 52 de pinos y 19 variables bioclimáticas del portal WorldClim. Resultados: Se identificaron 140 interacciones potenciales, de las cuales el 42 % no han sido registradas previamente. El análisis de redes ecológicas nos permitió caracterizar las relaciones parásito-hospedero en generalistas y especialistas. En cuanto al análisis de nicho ecológico, se determinó la distribución potencial de los descortezadores combinando las distribuciones de Pinus y variables climáticas como predictores. Se observó que las variables climáticas contribuyen de forma negativa para la mayoría de las especies de Dendroctonus, es decir, estas variables son restrictivas en casi toda su distribución, por el contrario, las variables bióticas (Pinus) fueron positivas e informativas sobre la mayoría de las distribuciones. Conclusiones: Los patrones de coexistencia de descortezadores y pinos nos proporcionan información sobre las interacciones que se pueden establecer entre estas especies y que hasta hoy pueden ser desconocidas. Además, la integración de factores bióticos (hospederos) y abióticos (clima), permite obtener modelos de distribución geográfica que caracteriza las regiones con condiciones favorables para la presencia de las especies, así como las especies de hospederos con los que podrían estar interactuando en dichas regiones. Considerando el riesgo fitosanitario por descortezadores, nuestros resultados brindan escenarios geográficos y ecológicos de riesgo donde infestaciones por descortezadores podrían darse, así como la posible emergencia de nuevas interacciones parásito-hospedero desconocidas hasta hoy. Estos modelos son una herramienta que en el futuro pueden dirigir esfuerzos de trabajo de campo para validar y complementar nuestros resultados.
Planning the use of helicopters in the last mile distribution process in catastrophes
Authors: Xavier Iran Rosa , Bandeira Renata Albergaria de Mello , Silva Leandro de Oliveira , Bandeira Adriano de Paula Fontainhas , Campos Vânia Barcellos Gouvêa , Leobons Camila Maestrelli
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The shortage of funding, the challenging assessment of aid needs, and the lack of transportation systems for the rescue and care of victims represent major constraints to disaster response operations. In order to improve logistical performance in these conditions, including remote and large areas, this paper proposes a formal mathematical model to assist air transport planning, using helicopters, for large-scale disasters, considering multiple deposit systems, multiples vehicles and multiple products, implemented in AIMMS to evaluate its performance. To achieve the objectives, a literature review is conducted to understand the ways in which helicopters are used in aid operations and to identify key steps in decision making and modeling processes. In the end, a hypothetical scenario is created with similar characteristics from the records of earthquake response operations that hit Haiti in 2010 for consolidation and validation of the procedure.
Climate-resilient road design in coastal areas subjected to cyclones and associated floods
Authors: Sahoo Umesh Chandra , Dash Suresh Ranjan , Sahu Chandra Sekhar
Published: October 2021

Cyclones and the associated floods have recently become a regular problem for many states of India, particularly on its west and east coasts. Odisha (renamed from Orissa in 2011) is a state located along the eastern coast of India that experiences tropical cyclones mainly from the Bay of Bengal. Some of the recent severe cyclonic storms that caused large-scale devastation in Odisha in the last decade include cyclone Amphan in May 2020, cyclone Fani in May 2019, cyclone Titli in October 2018, cyclone Hudhud in October 2014 and cyclone Phailin in October 2013. The roads, being one of the essential lifeline infrastructure facilities, commonly get damaged during these cyclonic floods in terms of floodwater overtopping, erosion of road surfaces, shoulders and embankment slopes, and even the washing out of the whole roadway section. These recent events have indicated that special attention is needed to minimise damage to this vital lifeline infrastructure by developing and adopting climate-resilient road infrastructure. This paper focuses on the damage assessment of transportation infrastructure during the recent cyclones and associated floods in Odisha, and advances some recommendations for possible measures to be taken for the design of cyclone- and flood-resilient road infrastructure.
Perspectiva crítica y compromiso ético micropolítico: otros mundos posibles en la experiencia de investigación metodológica en comunicación
Authors:   Universidad Federal de Roraima–UFRR, Machado Aguiar Lisiane
Published: October 2021

En el campo académico de la comunicación en América Latina, la vertiente Mattelart presenta una orientación metodológica que parte de la crítica por medio de la experiencia ética y no de una dicotomía entre teoría y práctica. Así, el sujeto revolucionario en los escritos de Mattelart estaría muy próximo de la micropolítica y de la microfísica del poder, en relación a la crítica como una producción de subjetividad ética. En esa conexión, buscamos diálogos con la filosofía de la diferencia por medio de una genealogía del concepto de crítica acoplado con las metodologías de investigación. Luego para hacer una crítica hay que problematizar. Es posible pensar en ciertas formas de interrogación que conducen teórico-metodológicamente: ¿cómo el objeto de estudio, en un momento dado, puede ser problematizado a través de una relación entre el poder y ciertos estados mixtos del saber metodológico? Se trata, entonces, de modos de preguntar a cada formación histórica, creando un campo de posibilidades de donde emergen las problemáticas. En esta línea, la escritura del texto busca una estética como configuración de la experiencia, en que colectiviza lo aprehendido no a través de una sucesión cronológica, sino que intenta interrogar y narrar por otros modos. Los datos no se recopilan y almacenan, pero emergen a partir de lo que la investigación interroga.
Incisivo lateral permanente doble
Authors: Espinal B Gabriel E , Sánchez G Sara , Tamayo C. Sara , Parada-Sanchez Monica Tatiana
Published: October 2021

Propósito: En este artículo se reporta un caso de un paciente de sexo femenino de 9 años de edad, que presenta un supernumerario fusionado al lateral superior izquierdo.

Temas: El término de diente doble se ha usado para referirse a dientes unidos por fusión o geminación. La fusión se define como una unión parcial o completa de dos o más dientes durante el desarrollo. La fusión se puede dar entre 2 dientes normales o entre un diente normal y un supernumerario. Esta anomalía puede presentarse en dentición decidua o permanente, y además de afectar la función masticatoria y la imagen del paciente, causa una alteración en el espacio de los arcos dentarios y puede comprometer el periodonto.

Desarrollo: Al examen clínico se observó un diente doble que ocasionaba apiñamiento y falta de espacio para la erupción del canino. Al examen radiográfico se observó dos dientes fusionados por la corona y el tercio medio de la raíz, en estado nueve de Nolla. Su tratamiento fué primero esperar cierre completo de las raíces y luego la hemisección y exodoncia del supernumerario, colocación de aparatología ortodóntica removible, así como el seguimiento radiográfico y clínico durante cuarenta meses observándose un diente periodontalmente sano con obliteración parcial del conducto radicular sin cambio de color.

Conclusiones: La hemisección se puede considerar como una alternativa de tratamiento apropiada para un diente permanente fusionado con un diente supernumerario.
Predictable sedation: Safe administration of oral Midazolam and nitrous oxide gas for paediatric patients in the general dental practice
Authors: Potgieter Nicoline , Streit Günther
Published: October 2021

Behaviour management for anxious paediatric dental patients is challenging. Solutions include education and sedation. Various drugs have been used to effectively sedate paediatric patients during treatment. The aim of this study was to review literature on the sedation of paediatric patients. The study specifically looked at those reviews covering the combination of two sedation methods in case of more challenging paediatric patients. The study undertook a literature review focused on studies using nitrous oxide, Midazolam, or a combination of the two substances. An electronic search was done on EBSCOhost to source articles published from 1979 to 2019. A deeper form of sedation can be achieved for paediatric patients when using a combination of nitrous oxide, oxygen and a hypnotic agent such as Midazolam. Dealing with the anxiety levels of paediatric patients is a challenge for dental health providers. Two of the main strategies used to deal with anxious children are behaviour management and sedation. A critical review of journal articles on the use of nitrous oxide and oxygen in combination with Midazolam was therefore undertaken. The findings suggest that, in order to achieve a deeper form of sedation, the combination of nitrous oxide, oxygen and Midazolam works well to reduce discomfort, anxiety and/or pain in paediatric patients.
Characterization of ecologically dysfunctional municipalities: a contribution to Environmental Democracy
Authors: Oliveira Celso Maran de
Published: October 2021

This research aims to promote a discussion on how to characterize an ecologically dysfunctional municipality, in terms directly linked to environmental legal noncompliance, and how it can impact the axes of Environmental Democracy, based on the identification of institutionalized environmental conflicts by governmental agencies that have a duty to conduct investigations and punish its offenders. The methodology used was a documental analysis of works published on the subject in books, specialized magazines, scientific articles available in libraries or on the internet; and the analysis of a case study, which took place in a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo. Using the methodology, we were able to characterize ecologically dysfunctional municipalities, and their impacts on the structural axes of Environmental Democracy, in order to provide access to information, increase citizen participation, and resolve environmental conflicts.
Dostoevsky’s epilepsy
Authors: Ulitin A. Yu. , Odintsova G. V. , Nezdorovina V. G. , Malyshev S. M.
Published: October 2021

There is a lot of evidence that a great Russian writer and essayist Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky suffered from epilep‑ sy. Not only this disease had influence on Dostoevsky’s personality and social life, but also affected his creative work. Dostoevsky is believed to suffer from mesiobasal temporal lobe epilepsy with an ecstatic aura – a form named after him afterwards.
Results of early administration of low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism after removal of brain tumors
Authors: Bervitskiy A. V. , Guzhin V. E. , Moisak G. I. , Imamurzaev E. Z. , Amelina E. V. , Kalinovsky A. V. , Rzayev D. A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Patients with brain tumors are at increased risk for the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The most effective prevention method today is a combination of mechanical compression of the lower extremities and the introduction of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). In 2018, an algorithm for the prevention of VTE was introduced in our clinic, which implies the early (in the first 48 h after surgery) administration of LMWH.

The study objective is to assess the effect of early LMWH administration on the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after removal of brain tumors.

Materials and methods. From January 2014 to December 2019, 3266 patients underwent removal of brain tumors. The group 1 included 2057 patients who were treated in the period before the introduction of the VTE prevention algorithm (2014– 2017), the group 2 included 1209 patients who were treated using this algorithm (2018–2019). In each of the groups, the frequency and timing of ICH were assessed. The severity of complications was assessed according to the F.A.L. Ibanez classification. The data were compared between groups 1 and 2, as well as between patients who received LMWH at the time of ICH and those who did not receive.

Results. Patients of the group 1 were prescribed LMWH in 14.3 % of cases, on average on the 4th day after surgery. In this group, 26 (1.26 %) patients developed ICH. Patients of the group 2 were prescribed LMWH in 89 % of cases, on average on the 2nd day. In this group, 15 (1.24 %) patients developed ICH. Severe complications were in 6 (85.7 %) of 7 patients who received LMWH at the time of ICH, and in 25 (73.5 %) of 34 patients who did not receive LMWH (p = 0.66).

Conclusion. The widespread use of LMWH for the prevention of VTE during the first 48 h after removal of brain tumors did not lead to an increase in the frequency of ICH. At the same time, patients with ICH who developed during the use of LMWH often had a more severe clinical course.
The experience of using anti-adhesion gel in the surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Nikitin A. S. , Aleynikova I. B.
Published: October 2021

The study objectiveis to evaluate the effectiveness of anti‑adhesion gel by using in carpal tunnel syndrome surgery.

Materialsandmethods.A prospective study was carried out among 55 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. All patients were underwent open decompression of the carpal tunnel. Patients of study group (n= 25) got an carboxymethylcellu‑ lose anti‑adhesion gel, which was applied to the nerve before suturing the wound. Patients from control group (n= 30) were underwent surgery without using an anti‑adhesive gel. Before surgery, all patients underwent a clinical neurological examination with an assessment of symptoms according to the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, which includes 2 scales: the scale and the functional status scale. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire was reevaluated 2.5 years after surgery.

Results.In study group the mean symptom severity decreased by 59.5 %, functional status improved by 55.1 %, in control group these indicators were 48.3 and 47.6 %. Clinical relapse of the disease was noted in 8 % of patients of study group and in 20 % of patients of control group.

Conclusion.Intraoperative using of an anti‑adhesion gel allows to reduce the frequency of recurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome after surgical decompression.
The possibility of simultaneous combined skin grafting during the installation of synthetic implants after cranial trepanation
Authors: Tunimanov P. G. , Manukovskiy V. A. , Zinoviev E. V. , Chechulov P. V. , Kostyakov D. V.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Over the past 20 years, with an increase in the number of decompression trepanations in the Russian Federation and abroad, the number of cranioplasties performed has increased. Despite the development of technology, these surgical interventions are inevitably accompanied by a number of complications (up to 36 %), including the for‑ mation of skin defects. The choice of the optimal algorithm for the treatment of skin defects after cranioplasty remains the subject of debate.

The purpose of the publication is to demonstrate by a clinical example the possibility of simultaneous combined skin grafting during the installation of synthetic implants after cranial trepanation, as well as to analyze the outcomes and com‑ plications of such operations.

Materials and methods. For the period 2017–2019 under our supervision there were 42 patients after craniotomy, 32 of which were cranioplasty, and 10 plastic surgery of the defects of the scalp after removal of synthetic implants. In the course of the analysis, the structure and terms of surgical interventions, the length of hospitalization, the frequen‑ cy and structure of complications, as well as the timing of their development were studied.

The article presents one of the cases of treatment and simultaneous installation of a titanium plate, combined skin grafting in a patient who has undergone previously decompressive craniotomy, cranioplasty with protacryl.

Results. Simultaneous cranioplasty with skin grafting was performed in 3 out of 42 patients. The average hospitalization time after such an intervention was significantly less than with two‑stage plastic surgery (28.0 ± 3.9 and 52.0 ± 2.7 days, respectively, p <0.05). There were no complications in the postoperative period after a single‑stage plastic surgery, but after a two‑stage one, 2 cases of divergence of the wound edges and the formation of fistulas above the implants were registered.

Conclusion. The data obtained illustrate that, given the technical feasibility, as well as the satisfactory condition of the skin flap, simultaneous cranioplasty with combined skin grafting can be one of the methods of choice in the treat‑ ment of extensive defects in the skin of the head and skull.
Features of TLIF/PLIF in lumbar spine nerve root anomalies. The literature review and own experience
Authors: Basankin I. V. , Giulzatyan A. A. , Takhmazyan K. K. , Malakhov S. B. , Tomina M. I. , Shapovalov V. K.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Anomalies of the roots of the lumbar spine are often not diagnosed at the preoperative stage and may cause technical difficulties during performing decompression‑stabilization surgeries of spine.

Purpose of the study. To study the clinical features of patients with anomalies of the lumbar roots on the background of de‑ generative diseases of the spine, to develop techniques to protect abnormal nerve roots from damage during TLIF/PLIF.

Materials and methods. Performed retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of 9 patients whom were done TLIF/PLIF for degenerative‑dystrophic diseases of the lumbar spine in the period from 2018–2019 was. The distribution of changes detected in the spine was carried out according to the classification of Schizas, Meyerding and Neidre & Macnab.

Results. The study group of patients was 0.63 % of all operated patients using the TLIF/PLIF technique (n = 1432). Developmental anomalies of the nerve roots were not identified during routine MRI in all patients. In six patients (66.7 %), radicular pain manifested in two dermatomes; intraoperatively, these patients had conjoint roots (Ia). Three pa‑ tients (33.3 %) had radicular pain in several (>2) dermatomes. The root tension sign (Lasegue sign) was negative in eight (88.9 %) patients. The intensity of the preoperative pain syndrome in the leg averaged 6.44 (VAS), in the back 6.11, and in the postoperative period it decreased to 0.7 and 2.1, respectively.

Conclusion. Clinical preoperative markers for the presence of root anomalies can be two‑dermatomal radicular mani‑ festations in the presence of a single‑level process, as well as the absence of a Lasegue sign in severe radiculopathy. Intraoperative detection of anomalies requires a balanced approach to the choice of the method of surgical intervention from the surgeon. To prevent iatrogenic damage of anomaly roots at the stage of surgical treatment, it is necessary to change the preoperative planning strategy in favor of choosing the contralateral side for interbody fusion. In addition, root traction and interbody distraction should be minimal.
Kültürel Bellek Mekânı Olarak Sözlü Kültür ve Müzik: Kıbrıs Havaları
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Dilan , SOYER Filiz
Published: October 2021

Kültürel bellek konusunda yapılan pek çok çalışmaya konu olan sözlü aktarım genellikle kendisine yöresel müzikler ve masallar şeklinde yer bulmaktadır. Kültürel belleğin nesiller boyunca aktarımında söz konusu yöresel müziklerin yöresel kıyafetlerle birleşmesi ile ritüelistik pratiklerin yapıldığı alanlar ise bellek mekanları olarak önemli bir yerdedir. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi yöntemi ile Kuzey Kıbrıs kültürel belleğinin aktarıcıları olarak Kıbrıs Havaları incelenmiştir. Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta faaliyet gösteren ve Kıbrıs halk müziğini korumayı hedefleyen Kıbrıs Havaları Derneği (KIBHAD) ’ın son yayını olan Kıbrıs Havaları 5 (Ekim 2020) çalışmanın inceleme kapsamına alınmıştır. Üç dilde (Türkçe, Yunanca ve İngilizce) yayınlanmış olan Kıbrıs Havaları 5, her iki toplumun birbirini anlaması ve müziğin birleştirici gücüyle ortak kültürel noktada buluşmalarına katkı koyması bağlamında önem arz etmektedir. Toplam 10 (n=10) şarkının sözlerine yönelik içerik analizinde kullanılan genel prensiplerden hareketle, analiz kategorileri enformasyon kuramı ile belirlenmiştir. Bu yolla çalışmanın genel bulgularına bakıldığında, Kıbrısım şarkısı kültürel bellek mekânı bağlamında en zengin ifadelerin yer aldığı şarkıdır.
Özne-Deneyim-Anı İlişkisinin Dijital İnşası: Seni Buldum Ya!
Authors: KABADAYI Lale
Published: October 2021

Zaman, bellek ve özne kavramları üzerine gerçekleştirdiği çalışmasında Arjantinli edebiyat ve kültür eleştirmeni Beatriz Sarlo, anıların, yaşayabilmek için bugüne ihtiyaç duyduğunu belirtmektedir. Buna göre, hatırlamak için tek uygun zaman anılara özgü zaman olan şimdiki zamandır. Anılar, bir uyaran yardımıyla zihne düşer, anlara bağlanır ve tutunduğu düşünceden uzaklaşmadan varlığını sürdürür. Sarlo, tanık olmaya yönelik fikirlerini açıklarken, deneyimin aktarımı için bireyin bedenle ve sesle geçmişin sahnesinde yer almasını gerekli görür. Özne, bedenen o an’a tanıklıkla anı oluşturabilir ve sese sahip olduğu sürece anı aktarıcılığını devam ettirebilir. Sözlü paylaşıma dayalı deneyim aktarımı, sinema konu edildiğinde yeni oluşumlara imkân vermektedir. Yönetmen Reha Erdem’in, COVID-19 pandemisinin ilk karantina döneminde Zoom platformu üzerinden kaydederek kurguladığı filmi Seni Buldum Ya! anının aktarımı konusunda önemli bir örnektir. Seyirci, yakın geçmişte karakterlerle benzer şeyler yaşamış olsa da filmin aktardığı anların şimdiki zamandaki karşılığı, özne-deneyim ilişkisinin yeniden inşasını içermektedir. Film, o anda var olmaya dair belleği çağırır ancak an’ı dönüştürüp tekrar yapılandırarak seyirciyi farklı anı oluşumuna yönlendirir. Çalışma, Seni Buldum Ya! filminin, belleğin kurulumunda şekillendirme yaptığı tezinden hareket etmekte ve filmin kültürel incelemeler bağlamında niteliksel olarak irdelenmesini içermektedir. İrdeleme sonucunda filmin geçmişe dair anıları bulanıklaştırarak kendi zamansallığını yarattığı ve yönetmenin sunduğu tekilleştirilmiş deneyim ile anlamı yeniden düzenlediği saptanmıştır.
C-reactive protein to albumin ratio is associated with increased risk of mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia patients
Authors: ACEHAN Selen , GÜLEN Müge , ISİKBER Cem , KAYA Adem , UNLU Nurdan , INCE Cagdas , TOPTAS FİRAT Basak , KOKSALDI Gonca , SÜMBÜL Hilmi Erdem , SATAR Salim
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective observational study is to compare C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and CURB-65 score in the emergency department in terms of predicting mortality in patients over the age of 18 who were hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia.

Materials and Methods: The study includes 613 patients hospitalized between March 15 and April 30, 2020 due to COVID-19 pneumonia detected on thorax computed tomography at the emergency department pandemic area. Hospitalized patients were divided into groups according to positive and negative real-time polymerase chain reaction results.

Results: While 73.1% (n: 448) of 613 patients included in the study were hospitalized in the ward, 26.9% (n: 165) were hospitalized in intensive care. 8.6% (n: 53) of the total patients died. In non-survivors patients the mean CURB 65 score was 4±1 (and C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio was 5.6±4.2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CURB 65 and high C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio are independent risk factors for COVID-19 pneumonia.

Conclusion: The C-reactive protein to albumin ratio is as sensitive as CURB 65 and can guide the clinician in the early detection of patients with poor prognosis COVID-19 pneumonia.
Comparison of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube in septorhinoplasty surgery
Authors: YENİAY Dilek , ÇEKİÇ Bahanur
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to use ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) and endotracheal tube (ETT) in elective septorhinoplasty operation and to compare the hemodynamic differences and postoperative complications during the application.
Materials and Methods: In the prospective planned study, ASA I-II and 60 patients aged 18-35 were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 30, n = 30). After the standard anesthesia technique, Group E was placed ETT, Group P PLMA. Patients’ demographic characteristics, number of attempts for correct insertion, hemodynamic changes, postoperative nausea, vomiting, sore throat, hoarseness, dysphagia and surgical satisfaction evaluated.
Results: Heart rate was higher in Group E than in Group P at the 1st min after anesthesia induction, at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 10th min after airway insertion, and at the 3rd min after extubation. Difficulty in swallowing at postoperative was higher in Group E than in Group P. Insertion rates of the devices, were similar. Surgical satisfaction was higher in Group E than in Group P. Adequate tidal volume was provided in both groups during the operation.
Conclusion: The use of PLMA in airway management in outpatient septorhinoplasty operations creates less hemodynamic response compared to the use of ETT, less airway complications are seen and thanks to its flexibility, it does not interfere with the surgical area. PLMA may be an alternative to ETT when the insertion of the airway devices is performed by experienced physicians.
COVID-19 hastalarında anjiyotensin 2 (ACE2) genin ekspresyon seviyesi
Authors: DİRİCAN Ebubekir , AYDIN İsmail Erkan , SAVRUN Şeyda
Published: October 2021

Amaç: Coronavirus hastalığı-19 (COVID-19), şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs 2'den (SARS-CoV-2) kaynaklanır. Anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim 2 (ACE2), COVID-19 dahil olmak üzere çeşitli hastalıkların patolojik değişikliklerini düzenlemede hayati bir rol oynayabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ACE2 genin ekspresyonunu Türk COVID-19 hastalarında analiz etmekti.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 80 COVID-19 PCR testi pozitif hasta ve 80 PCR testi negatif olan sağlıklı gönüllü birey çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm örneklerden RNA izolasyonu yapıldı. ACE2 geninin ekspresyonunu analiz etmek için RT-PZR cihazı kullanıldı.

Bulgular: COVID-19 hastalarının yaş, Laktat dehidrojenaz (LDH), ferritin ve C-reaktif protein (CRP) seviyelerinde sağlıklı gönüllülere kıyasla anlamlı bir fark bulundu. Gen ekspresyon sonuçlarına göre, ACE2 geni ekspresyonu COVID-19 hastalarında sağlıklı gönüllülere kıyasla anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu. COVID-19 hastalarında ACE2 geninin ekspresyonu ile Kan üre nitrojeni (BUN), Hemoglobin (HGB), Hematokrit (HCT) ve CRP seviyeleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulundu.

Sonuç: ACE2 gen ekspresyonu COVID-19 hastalarında yüksek bulundu ve klinik verilere göre farklılıklar gösterdi. Bu nedenle, ACE2'nin ekspresyonu, SARSCoV2'nin patojenitesini destekleyen ancak tersine viral enfeksiyonu sınırlayan paradoksal etkilere sahip olabilir. ACE2 reseptörlerinin mevcudiyeti, COVID-19'un duyarlılığını ve/veya hastalık seyrini artırabilir.
Exploring Basin Amplification within the Reno Metropolitan Area in Northern Nevada Using a Magnitude 6.3 ShakeOut Scenario
Authors: Eckert Eric , Scalise Michelle , Louie John N. , Smith Kenneth D.
Published: October 2021

The Reno metropolitan area (located within the Truckee Meadows in northern Nevada) is subjected to significant seismic risk, primarily resulting from the region’s proximity to the Mount Rose fault system and the urban area’s presence within a large, thin (<1 km thick) sedimentary basin. Numerous paleoseismic studies have shown the Mount Rose fault system has a history of producing large Holocene earthquakes. To help explore this hazard, we used SW4, a physics-based wave-equation modeling tool, to develop the Reno ShakeOut Scenario. The scenario uses a grid with a minimum spacing of 20 m with eight points per minimum wavelength to perform a full 3D simulation for a potential magnitude 6.3 earthquake within the Mount Rose fault system. The calculation assumes a minimum shear-wave velocity (VSmin) of 500 m/s and is accurate up to 3.125 Hz. Results indicate that there is a potential for widespread and variable ground shaking at modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) magnitudes between VII and VIII (very strong to severe ground shaking), with some areas achieving violent (IX and X) motions. Distributions of high shaking are controlled by proximity to the rupture, geotechnical shear-wave velocity, topography; and significantly, basin geometry. Comparisons between SW4 peak ground velocity (PGV) computations, and PGV estimates calculated from the Campbell and Bozorgnia empirical ground-motion model emphasize the degree to which very thin basins may result in greater hazard than is currently predicted. This information helps improve our understanding of regional risk by highlighting these significant basin effects and the local variability that is likely to occur with any large seismic event.
Revisiting the Fault Locking of the Central Himalayan Thrust with a Viscoelastic Earthquake-Cycle Deformation Model
Authors: Diao Faqi , Wang Rongjiang , Zhu Yage , Xiong Xiong
Published: October 2021

Based on a viscoelastic earthquake-cycle deformation model, we revisit the fault locking of the central Himalayan thrust using geodetic data acquired in the past three decades. By incorporating the viscoelastic relaxation effect induced by stress buildup and release, our viscoelastic model is capable of explaining the far-field observation with similar fault locking width obtained in previous studies. Elastic models underestimate the far-field deformation and consequently underestimate the fault slip rate by attributing the far-field deformation to stable intraplate deformation. A steady-state viscosity of ∼1019  Pa·s is required for the lower crust beneath south Tibet to best fit the crustal velocity. The optimal slip rate and locking width of the central Main Himalayan Thrust are estimated to 18.8 ± 1.6 mm/a and 85 ± 2.1 km, respectively. The inferred fault locking width, along with the down-dip rupture extension of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, agrees well with the identified mid-crustal ramp, which leads to an interpretation that the fault geometry of the central Himalayan thrust plays an important role on fault kinematics. Our results highlight that viscoelastic relaxation during the earthquake cycle should be incorporated for robust estimation of fault locking parameters and reasonable data fitting.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SECULAR EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MONGOLIA (1920–1930s)
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Marina N. Baldano , Svetlana V. Kirichenko ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the specific features of the evolution of the Mongolian educa-tion system in 1920–1930s, in particular development of the secular education from scratch with the help and support of the USSR. We have considered the principles of the Soviet educational system, which formed the basis of the educational system of the Mongolian People’s Republic. Based on archival materials we have revealed the main aspects of the Soviet-Mongolian cooperation in the field of education during the period under study, and analyzed the issues of training the national personnel in the leading educational institutions of the USSR.
Impact of airflow on body cooling in exercise: an exploratory study
Authors: Nogueira Pedro H. , da Silva Alisson G. , Oliveira Samuel A. , Sillero-Quintana Manuel , Marins João C.
Published: October 2021

Objective: To analyze the body heat dissipation by thermography during indoor running treadmill with different airflow conditions. Materials and method: Nine male participants (23.0±2.5 years old) underwent three 45-minute moderate-intensity running sessions (60-70% reserve heart rate) on a treadmill. At each session, a different experimental condition was applied in a crossover design: without airflow (NF), and with low (LF) and high airflow (HF) generated by a fun. Thermograms were obtained with a thermal camera before exercise, during (every 10 minutes), and after exercise. Skin temperature (Tsk) was measured on regions of interest of the upper body: pectoral, brachial biceps, and upper back. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare Tsk over time and between conditions, considering p<0.05 as statistically significant. Results: In pectoral and brachial biceps, LF and HF conditions provided greater reductions in Tsk at all moments when compared to the NF (p<0.05). There was a higher reduction in Tsk to the HF vs LF in biceps at 30, 40, and 45 min during exercise (p<0.05). In the upper back, Tsk remained below baseline at all moments during exercise only in the HF condition (p<0.05). In NF and LF conditions, Tsk returned to baseline at 30 min during exercise (p>0.05). Conclusion: The frontal wind flow enhances body heat dissipation during moderate-intensity running in the pectoral, brachial biceps, and upper back, with a direct relationship of flow speed and Tsk reduction during exercise.