bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On fuel and deposits. Part 1
Authors: Zlenko M. A. , Kislitsyn R. A. , Lebedeva K. E. , Mirenkova E. A. , Terenchenko A. S. , Timofeev D. S.
Published: March 2024

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Generally, deposits or sediments are an inevitable consequence of processes of mixture formation and combustion in the engine cylinder, complex physical and chemical processes with the hydrocarbon “participants” of this process – fuel and oil. There is no consensus in the scientific community regarding the role of these participants. Some researchers consider the “fuel” factor to be the predominant one, the others have no less reason to think it is the “oil” factor. Meanwhile, understanding the nature of formation of deposits, both the “cold” ones (in the intake path) and the “hot” ones (in the combustion chamber) is the most important condition in order to determine the methods to combat this negative phenomenon, in particular, and due to development of scientifically grounded requirements for qualitative characteristics of both fuels and oils. The relevance of the issue increases due to the fact that the existing methods of fuel testing based on foreign procedures with application of foreign reference engines become almost inaccessible following refusal of a number of the manufacturers of reference engines for standardized testing to provide further technical support caused by phasing-out of models of these engines. Moreover, during the period of common confusion in the European engine-building and uncertainty over prospects of the automotive industry on the whole, no solution was taken either for the procedure or for the new reference engine for the direct fuel injection engines increasingly dominant in the market of gasoline engines. The vacuum created is occupied by unapproved procedures with application of engines having different designs. In such conditions, correct comparison of test results obtained in different laboratories becomes almost impossible, while the results themselves lose their practical value.The purpose of the study and its practical significance consist in study of the mechanism of deposits formation in spark ignition engines and development of methods to test fuels for tendency to form certain types of deposits. Development of domestic scientific research methodological and experimental basis for engine testing of fuels and oils for deposits formation tendencies.Scientific novelty and results. The experimental studies, and the thermal gravimetric ones in particular, convincingly prove the hypothesis of domination of the fuel factor in formation of “cold” deposits on the intake valves. It has been experimentally shown that the results of testing following the new procedures adequately reflect the efficiency of using detergent additives.
Synthesis of ISO 26262 and ISО 21448 methods to increase reliability of hazard analysis and risk assessment of intelligent driver assistance systems operation
Authors: Lepeeva I. V. , Rogov P. S.
Published: March 2024

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Application of sensors to increase automation of vehicles is a growing global trend. However, as the number of these devices in vehicles increases, so does the number of risk factors caused by their application.The purpose of the study is to reduce the areas of unknown potentially dangerous situations of possible impact of these risks on a highly automated vehicle using a synthesis of the risk analysis methods.Methodology and research methods. This paper considers the system analysis methodologies set forth in GOST R ISO 26262, ISO 21448:2022.The scientific novelty is the interference of approaches to the analysis that are set forth in the standards.Practical significance. The results of application of the synthesized approach to risk analysis will form the basis of studies of the prospective intelligent driver assistance systems thus allowing the development of test programs for these systems within highly automated vehicles.
Hessen treibt Sonntagsöffnung voran
Authors: Bender Hanno
Published: March 2024

Das hessische Arbeitsministerium lud Befürworter und Gegner einer Sonntagsöffnung für Smart Stores zum Gespräch. Die Fronten bleiben verhärtet.
Aussaat mit Verzögerung
Authors: König Inge
Published: March 2024

Nasse Böden behindern vielerorts den Start der Feldarbeit. Dazu kommen Engpässe bei der Beschaffung von Saatgut für Nachsaaten. Spargelbauern in der Pfalz freuen sich über einen frühen Start. Im Osten bereitet die gute Durchfeuchtung der Böden den Landwirten Freude. Eine Umfrage in zwei Teilen.
The Role of Heritage Interpretation in Building Peace
Authors: Hodges Sue
Published: March 2024

This article discusses the role of heritage intepretation in building peace. It covers areas such as contested history and sites of memory, and looks at how the interpretation of tangible and intangible cultural heritage can heal wounds created by difficult pasts. It argues that heritage practitioners have an important role in promoting peace by interpreting challenging, painful and emotional histories. Key areas explored are child sexual abuse, contested sites in Japan and Korea and interpretation of atrocities.
PENDAMPINGAN PENGGUNAAN PLATFORM DIGITAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMASARAN PRODUK UMKM DESA KEBONDALEM
Authors: Nanda Defi Anita Nanda , Finatsiyatull Rosida Dedin , Wardhani Mas’udah Kusuma , Abidin Achmad Zainal , Muruah Iftitan , Almira Nur Aini Zahra
Published: March 2024

Pemasaran merupakan salah satu masalah yang sering dihadapi dalam menjalankan usaha. Kurang luasanya produk UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah) dikenal oleh masyarakat, menjadikan UMKM sulit untuk berkembang. UMKM di Desa Kebondalem hanya mengandalkan pemasaran didaerah-daerah terdekat dan juga menerima pesanan dari konsumen atau warga sekitar. Pemanfaatan teknologi platform digital merupakan metode yang ditawarkan oleh kelompok 98 KKN Tematik MBKM UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur yang terdiri dari 10 anggota dalam bentuk pendampingan terhadap UMKM yang memang benar-benar ingin dibantu. Inovasi pemasaran menggunakan platform digital oleh pelaku UMKM merupakan cara terkini dan memiliki prospek tinggi untuk berhasil, sehingga masalah pemasaran dapat teratasi. Berdasarkan 21 data UMKM yang diperoleh terdapat 2 UMKM  yang membutuhkan pendampingan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. 2 UMKM tersebut yaitu Kripik Madam dan Kerupuk Open 3 Putri. Pendampingan yang akan dilakukan untuk menghadapi masalah pemasaran ini dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan dengan kegiatan edukasi marketing, pembuatan atau revisi logo, foto produk, penggunaan sosial media dan adanya FGD (Forum Group Discussion) mengenai perkembangan sosial media. Setelah dilakukan pendampingan hampir selama 3 bulan, terlihat adanya perkembangan dari UMKM. Perkembangan tersebut dilihat dari awalnya 2 UMKM tersebut tidak memiliki social media, sekarang sudah memiliki. Selain itu akun sosial media sudah dilakukan upload foto produk dengan caption dan tagline yang menarik, bahkan sudah mampu menarik perhatian konsumen untuk membeli produk 2 UMKM tersebut. Kegiatan pemasaran offline yang sudah dilakukan oleh UMKM memiliki strategi sendiri untuk menarik konsumen, hal tersebut harus tetap dilanjutkan. Pemasaran menggunakan platform digital merupakan suatu metode baru untuk mempromosikan produk agar dikenal oleh masyarakat luas. Oleh karena itu, alangkah baiknya pemasaran offline dan online saling berkolaborasi untuk dilakukan agar produk dapat dikenal secara luas, meningkatkan penjualan serta mampu mengembangkan UMKM.
Pengaplikasian dan Pengelolaan Aplikasi E-Lampid tingkat Kelurahan Genteng Surabaya
Authors: Ananda Utomo Lydia Sevianti
Published: March 2024

Public services are all forms of services, both in the form of goods and public services provided by the government to fulfill public services. Public services provided by the government are of various kinds, one of which is population management. The Department of Population and Civil Registration of the city of Surabaya is one of the agencies that serve population management but there are still many problems and obstacles in its implementation. Therefore, the Surabaya City Government innovated population services, namely the E-Lampid Application. E-Lampid is a service for obtaining or managing Birth Certificates, Death Certificates, Transfer Letters online. The e-Lampid is distributed on the streets in Surabaya to ease the public in managing their documents. With the MBKM Dispendukcapil Internship activities, we get many benefits and expertise in public services and population administration. At the agency that I did in that place, namely the Genteng Exit with the aim of fulfilling public services, the rights of every citizen that must be fulfilled by the state's obligation to carry out a service. Basically, every human being needs service, both physical and non-physical, even in the extreme, service cannot be separated from human life. Population administration is one form of state service to its people, where as population administration it is an activity of structuring and controlling the issuance and population data through population registration, civil registration and management of population information as well as the utilization of results for public services, government and other sectors. To realize the public service itself, every information on population data plays an important role for the community itself. Therefore, we as Internship students at Dispendukcapil want to know how the population administration service is, especially in making birth certificates and family cards at the Population and Civil Registration Service in Genteng Village.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT SEKITAR HUTAN DI DESA SUNGAI ARA KABUPATEN PELALAWAN
Authors: Herman Herman , Rifaí H Arief , Gesmi Irwan
Published: March 2024

Desa Sungai Ara merupakan salah satu desa yang ada di Provinsi Riau tepatnya di Kecamatan Pelalawan Kabupaten Pelalawan dimana Desa ini berdekatan langsung dengan hutan tanaman industry. Melalui regulasi Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.12/Menlhk-II/2015 maka hutan tanaman industry wajib untuk memberdayakan masyarakatnya dengan luas hutan sebanyak 20% agar dikelola secara mandiri oleh masyarakat dengan pola kemitraan. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan informasi kepada masyarkaat mengenai pentingnya pemberdayaan masyarakat di sekitar hutan dan mengetahui akan hak-hak mereka terhadap tanaman kehidupan pada hutan tanaman industri dalam rangka produktivitas dibidang ekonomi masyarakat. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara memberikan materi kepada peserta, kemudian sesi tanya jawab, dan diakhiri dengan berdiskusi untuk mencari solusi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi. Peserta pengabdian sebanyak 15 orang dengan rincian 5 orang Aparatur Desa yang termasuk didalamnya Kepala Desa, dan 10 orang dari unsur masyarakat termasuk didalamnya kaum milenial. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan pengabdian mengenai pemberdayaan masyarakat diperoleh hasil yang cukup memuaskan dengan manfaat pengetahuan bagi masyarakat.
SOSIALISASI PEMERIKSAAN KUAT JEPIT PENAMBAT REL KERETA API DENGAN ALAT PPI CF01 DI BALAI PERAWATAN PERKERETAAPIAN NGROMBO
Authors: Prihatanto Rusman
Published: March 2024

Penambat merupakan salah satu komponen jalan rel yang sangat penting yang fungsinya salah satunya adalah menahan agar rel tetap kokoh berada pada tempatnya. Pemeriksaan sistem penambat dilakukan untuk memastikan penambat berfungsi dengan baik, komponennya lengkap dan tidak kendor/koclak. Jika clip pada penambat kendor/koclak maka penambat kehilangan gaya jepitnya sehingga ada potensi rel mengalami pergeseran yang tentunya dapat membahayakan operasi kereta api. Sosialisasi Pemeriksaan Kuat Jepit Penambat Rel Kereta Api Dengan Alat PPI CF01 Di Balai Perawatan Perkeretaapian Ngrombo dilakukan untuk meningkatkan knowledge dan skill pegawai Balai Perawatan Perkeretaapian dalam melakukan pemeriksaan jalur dan bangunan perkeretaapian, khususnya pemeriksaan penambat rel kereta api.

 

Kata Kunci: 

Penambat, Kuat Jepit,Jalan Rel
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PADA UMKM DI KELUARAHAN BATU BERSURAT KECAMATAN XIII KOTO KAMPAR KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Rosmita  , Herman Herman , Kartius
Published: March 2024

Kelurahan Batu Bersurat merupakan salah satu Kelurahan yang ada di Provinsi Riau tepatnya di Kecamatan XIII Koto Kampar Kabupaten Kampar dimana Kelurahan ini terdapat beberapa perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang galian golongan C dan perkebunan. Melalui regulasi Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Riau Nomor 6 Tahun 2012 Tentang Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan dan Perda Kabupaten Kampar Nomor 3 Tahun 2012 Tentang Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan maka setiap perusahaan yang berada disuatu wilayah tertentu wajib untuk memberdayakan masyarakatnya baik dibidang sosial, ekonomi maupun lingkungan. Adapun tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan informasi kepada masyarkaat mengenai pentingnya pemberdayaan masyarakat Melalui Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Pada UMKM serta mengetahui akan hak-hak mereka terhadap perusahaan agar kedepannya mereka mampu untuk produktivitas dibidang ekonomi. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara memberikan materi kepada peserta, kemudian sesi tanya jawab, dan diakhiri dengan berdiskusi dengan harapan mencari solusi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi. Peserta pengabdian sebanyak 21 orang dengan rincian 5 orang Aparatur Kelurahan yang termasuk didalamnya Lurah, dan 16 orang dari unsur masyarakat. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan pengabdian mengenai pemberdayaan masyarakat diperoleh hasil yang cukup memuaskan dengan manfaat pengetahuan bagi masyarakat.
WORKSHOP MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KREATIF DAN INOVATIF GURU DI MTS WIHDATUL ULUM PARANGLOE KABUPATEN GOWA
Authors: Ningsih Ratika , Subaedah St.
Published: March 2024

Arus globalisasi dalam pendidikan berkembang dengan pesat, maka dari itu pembelajaran selalu menghadapi problematika dan tantangan sesuai dengan tuntutan arus tersebut. berlangsungnya proses pendidikan tentunya harus berjalan apapun yang terjadi. Terjadinya perubahan pola belajar tentunya dipengaruhi oleh banyak hal, salah satunya adalah dampak kebijakan pembelajaran daring (online) karena adanya pandemic Covid-19 yang melanda dunia. Hal tersebut mempengaruhi kondisi pembelajaran sehingga terjadi penurunan minat dan motivasi belajar anak, apalagi jika pendampingan yang diberikan di rumah oleh lingkungan keluarga tidak optimal. Tentunya guru sebagai pendidik harus dituntut untuk mampu bijak dan tetap harus professional, maka dalam hal ini keprofesionalan guru diuji. Permasalahannya adalah jika dalam kompetensi professional guru tidak dimiliki maka pembelajaran yang tujuannya untuk memberi pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada siswa tidak akan tercapai. Pengembangan profesi guru yang mempunyai nilai kredit bagi kenaikan jabatan fungsional guru dan tenaga kependidikan, realitanya adalah masih adanya guru yang acuh pada hal tersebut. Meski tidak secara keseluruhan guru bisa memperbaiki fungsional dengan beberapa cara yaitu pembuatan karya tulis ilmiah, teknologi tepat guna, karya seni, membuat alat pembelajaran. Maka dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membentuk guru yang professional yang berangkat dari permasalahan-permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam melakukan fungsi tugasnya dalam pembelajaran. Menambah pengetahuan guru tentang model-model pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa, mengembangkan kemampuan guru dalam analisis kelas. Objek dalam pengabdian ini adalah para guru di MTs Wihdatul Ulum Desa Bontokassi Kecamatan Pallangga Kabupaten Gowa dengan jumlah peserta sebagak 22 orang guru. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian menggunakan Langkah yang diadopsi dari action reseach yaitu perencanaan, Tindakan, observasi, evaluasi dan refleksi. Tinjauan hasil pelaksanaan pengabdian dibagi dalam 3 tahap yaitu pembukaan, pemberian materi dan tahap akhir yakni evaluasi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini guru-guru mampu mengidentifikasi kesulitan belajar siswa sehingga dengan cakap menentukan model pembelajaran sebagai solusi dalam mengatasi kesulitan dengan merancang modul dan desain belajar yang tepat serta menentukan media dan isntrumen yang sesuai dengan materi bahan ajar yang akan dibawakan
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA DI SMK NEGERI 1 PURBALINGGA
Authors: Prasetyowati Dina , Kartinah Kartinah , Sugiyanti  , Harun Lukman
Published: March 2024

Kementrian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi mengeluarkan kebijakan dalam pengembangan Kurikulum Merdeka yang diberikan kepada satuan pendidikan sebagai opsi tambahan dalam rangka pemulihan pembelajaran selama 2022-2024. Kebijakan Kemendikbudristek terkait kurikulum nasional dikaji ulang pada 2024 berdasarkan evaluasi selama masa pemulihan pembelajaran. Kurikulum Merdeka dirancang sebagai bagian dari upaya Kemendikbudristek untuk mengatasi krisis belajar yang menjadi semakin parah karena pandemi. Krisis ini ditandai oleh rendahnya literasi membaca juga ditandai oleh ketimpangan kualitas belajar yang lebar antar wilayah dan antar kelompok sosial-ekonomi. Pemulihan sistem pendidikan dari krisis belajar tidak bisa diwujudkan melalui perubahan kurikulum saja. Diperlukan juga berbagai upaya penguatan kapasitas guru dan kepala sekolah, pendampingan bagi pemerintah daerah, penataan sistem evaluasi, serta infrastruktur dan pendanaan yang lebih adil. Kurikulum berpengaruh besar pada apa yang diajarkan oleh guru, juga pada bagaimana materi tersebut diajarkan. Karena itu, kurikulum yang dirancang dengan baik akan memudahkan guru untuk mengajar dengan lebih baik. Kurikulum baru ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengejar ketertinggalan pembelajaran yang disebabkan oleh pandemi covid-19. Kurikulum ini dibuat dengan tujuan pendidikan di Indonesia bisa seperti pendidikan di Negara maju lainnya di mana siswa diberikan kebebasan dalam memilih apa yang diminatinya dalam pembelajaran. Karena kebijakan ini baru saja diluncurkan, maka membutuhkan sosialisasi secara bertahap dan menyeluruh, dimulai dari Kepala Sekolah, Kepala Madrasah, Kepala Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM), serta kepada bapak ibu guru. Untuk mensosialisasikan Kurikulum Merdeka tersebut di lingkungan SMK Negeri 1 Purbalingga, maka diadakan workshop. Tim PKM Universitas PGRI Semarang mengadakan workshop tentang Kurikulum Merdeka untuk guru-guru di SMK Negeri 1 Purbalingga pada bulan Juni 2022 dengan empat nara sumber dari Tim pelaksana PKM UPGRIS.
DIGITAL BANKING AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION: A REVIEW OF PRACTICES IN THE USA AND NIGERIA
Authors: Uchenna Innocent Nnaomah  , Samuel Aderemi  , David Olanrewaju Olutimehin  , Omamode Henry Orieno  , Damilola Oluwaseun Ogundipe
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the role of digital banking in advancing financial inclusion in the United States and Nigeria, aiming to identify and compare practices and outcomes in these two distinct economic contexts. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and analysis of case studies, the study explores how digital banking platforms and services have been implemented and their impact on underserved populations. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis of secondary data, policy documents, and interviews with key stakeholders in the banking sector of both countries.

Key findings reveal that digital banking has significantly contributed to financial inclusion by providing accessible, affordable, and convenient financial services. In the USA, technological advancements and a robust regulatory framework have fostered a competitive digital banking environment, leading to innovative solutions for reducing barriers to financial access. Conversely, in Nigeria, despite facing infrastructural and regulatory challenges, mobile banking and digital payment services have seen rapid growth, driven by the necessity to reach unbanked populations in remote areas.

The paper concludes that while both countries have made strides in leveraging digital banking for financial inclusion, the success and scale of implementation vary due to differences in economic development, regulatory environments, and technological infrastructure. It suggests that cross-country learning and adaptation of best practices could further enhance the effectiveness of digital banking in promoting financial inclusion globally. This study contributes to the understanding of digital banking's potential in bridging the financial inclusion gap and offers recommendations for policymakers and financial institutions in both developed and developing countries.

Keywords:  Digital Banking, Financial Inclusion, Regulatory Frameworks, Policy Initiatives, Mobile Money, Digital Payment Systems, Regulatory Sandboxes, National Financial Inclusion Strategies, Consumer Protection, Financial Stability, Cybersecurity, Digital Literacy, Fintech Innovation.
SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE USE: A REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL SOLUTIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY
Authors: Chinyere Assumpta Onyenwe  , Chinyere Onwumere  , Ifeoma Pamela Odilibe
Published: March 2024

The review provides a concise summary of the outlined paper on Socioeconomic Determinants of Mental Health and Substance Use, focusing on a review of relevant factors and proposing conceptual solutions for public health policy. This paper examines the intricate relationship between socioeconomic determinants and mental health, as well as substance use disorders, emphasizing their significant impact on individuals' well-being and the broader public health landscape. Through a comprehensive review, it elucidates how factors such as income, education, employment, and housing conditions shape patterns of mental health outcomes and substance use behaviors. The analysis underscores the pervasive influence of socioeconomic disparities, highlighting the disproportionate burden borne by marginalized communities. Low income, limited educational opportunities, unstable employment, and inadequate housing are identified as critical determinants exacerbating mental health issues and fostering substance use vulnerabilities. Furthermore, the paper offers conceptual solutions for public health policy aimed at addressing these socioeconomic determinants. It advocates for multifaceted approaches that target systemic inequalities, including income support programs, accessible education initiatives, strengthened mental health services, and comprehensive substance use prevention and treatment strategies. Emphasizing the importance of supportive housing environments, the proposed solutions prioritize holistic interventions that address the root causes of mental health disparities and substance use challenges. This paper underscores the imperative for policymakers to prioritize socioeconomic equity in crafting effective public health policies. By addressing the underlying determinants outlined herein, policymakers can foster a more inclusive and resilient society, where individuals have equitable access to resources and opportunities for optimal mental health and well-being.

Keywords: Socioeconomic, Mental Health, Substance Use, Public Health, Policy, Review
O OFICIALATONO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DE PERNAMBUCO: DELIMITAÇÕES FUNCIONAIS NA ERA DIGITAL E SUA ATUAÇÃO NA CONCILIAÇÃO DAS PARTES
Authors: Cavalcanti Acácio Alves , Coelho Isabella Cristina Queiroz , Almeida Suenya Talita de
Published: March 2024

A atuação do oficial de justiça no cumprimento de mandados é de suma importância na era virtual. A sua capacidade de se adequar ao avanço tecnológico se traduz numa melhor prestação jurisdicional. O uso da conciliação pode contribuir significativamente para a resolução de conflitos. Nesse sentido, há projetos de lei visando ampliar tais funções, além do acesso a banco de dados, a fim de dar mais eficácia aos atos executivos. A Instrução Normativa nº 09/2020, do TJPE, especifica o cumprimento de atos judiciais para adequar-se aos meios digitais disponíveis e a prevenção da COVID-19.Tal regulamentação foi aprimorada pela Instrução Normativa Conjunta nº 04/2023, a qual contempla o desenvolvimento sustentável dos atos judiciais pelos respectivos auxiliares de justiça cumpridores de mandados.
CONFINADAS AO CUIDADO: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A POSIÇÃO FEMININA DIANTE DA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19
Authors: Pereira Camila Marchiori , Fonseca Lívia Meneghel , Oliveira Gabriela , Avellar Luziane Zacché
Published: March 2024

O isolamento social imposto pela pandemia reforçou o papel das mulheres como cuidadoras principais no lar, aumentando a carga de trabalho doméstico e o risco de violência de gênero. Por meio de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, o artigo discute as implicações das medidas e mudanças instauradas pela pandemia por Covid-19 para a população feminina. O estudo destaca como o isolamento social exacerbou as desigualdades sociais, especialmente para as mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade, como aquelas que trabalham no setor informal e no cuidado doméstico. O aumento da violência doméstica durante a pandemia é apontado como uma preocupação significativa, destacando a importância de políticas públicas sensíveis ao gênero e de apoio às mulheres em situação de violência. Diante desse cenário, o artigo conclui chamando a atenção para a necessidade de uma abordagem sensível ao gênero na formulação de políticas de saúde e assistência social, além de destacar a importância de se questionar as relações socioculturais que perpetuam a violência contra as mulheres.
Palavras-chave: Mulher; Saúde da Mulher; Covid-19; Violência de Gênero.
Influence of lower-tropospheric moisture on local soil moisture–precipitation feedback over the US Southern Great Plains
Authors: Wang Gaoyun , Fu Rong , Zhuang Yizhou , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Santanello Joseph A. , Wang Guiling , Yang Kun , McColl Kaighin
Published: March 2024

Abstract. ​​​​​​​Land–atmosphere coupling (LAC) has long been studied, focusing on land surface and atmospheric boundary layer processes. However, the influence of humidity in the lower troposphere (LT), especially that above the planetary boundary layer (PBL), on LAC remains largely unexplored. In this study, we use radiosonde observations from the US Southern Great Plains (SGP) site and an entrained parcel buoyancy model to investigate the impact of LT humidity on LAC there during the warm season (May–September). We quantify the effect of LT humidity on convective buoyancy by measuring the difference between the 2–4 km vertically integrated buoyancy with the influence of background LT humidity and that without it. Our results show that, under dry soil conditions, anomalously high LT humidity is necessary to produce the buoyancy profiles required for afternoon precipitation events (APEs). These APEs under dry soil moisture cannot be explained by commonly used local LAC indices such as the convective triggering potential and low-level humidity index (CTP / HILow), which do not account for the influence of the LT humidity. On the other hand, consideration of LT humidity is unnecessary to explain APEs under wet soil moisture conditions, suggesting that the boundary layer moisture alone could be sufficient to generate the required buoyancy profiles. These findings highlight the need to consider the impact of LT humidity, which is often decoupled from the humidity near the surface and is largely controlled by moisture transport, in understanding land–atmospheric feedbacks under dry soil conditions, especially during droughts or dry spells over the SGP.
Ideas and perspectives: Sensing energy and matter fluxes in a biota-dominated Patagonian landscape through environmental seismology – introducing the Pumalín Critical Zone Observatory
Authors: Mohr Christian H. , Dietze Michael , Tolorza Violeta , Gonzalez Erwin , Sotomayor Benjamin , Iroume Andres , Gilfert Sten , Tautz Frieder
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The coastal temperate rainforests (CTRs) of Chilean Patagonia are a valuable forest biome on Earth given their prominent role in biogeochemical cycling and the ecological value and dynamics of surface processes. The Patagonian CTRs are amongst the most carbon-rich biomes on Earth. Together with frequent landscape disturbances, these forests potentially allow for episodic and massive release or sequestration of carbon into and from the atmosphere. We argue that, despite their particular biogeographic, geochemical, and ecological roles, the Patagonian CTRs in particular and the global CTRs in general are not adequately represented in the current catalog listing critical zone observatories (CZOs). Here, we present the Pumalín CZO as the first of its kind, located in Pumalín National Park in northern Chilean Patagonia. We consider our CZO a representative end-member of undisturbed ecosystem functioning of the Patagonian CTRs. We have identified four core research themes for the Pumalín CZO around which our activities circle in an integrative, quantitative, and generic approach using a range of emerging techniques. Our methodological blend includes an environmental seismology that also fills a critical spatiotemporal scale in terms of monitoring critical zone and surface processes with a minimum intervention in those pristine forests. We aim to gain quantitative understanding of these topics: (1) carbon sink functioning; (2) biota-driven landscape evolution; (3) water, biogeological, and energy fluxes; and (4) disturbance regime understanding. Our findings highlight the multitude of active functions that trees in particular and forests in general may have on the entire cascade of surface processes and the concomitant carbon cycling. This highlights the importance of an integrated approach, i.e., “one physical system”, as proposed by Richter and Billings (2015), and accounts for the recent advances in pushing nature conservation along the Chilean coast.
Diurnal versus spatial variability of greenhouse gas emissions from an anthropogenically modified lowland river in Germany
Authors: Koschorreck Matthias , Kamjunke Norbert , Koedel Uta , Rode Michael , Schuetze Claudia , Bussmann Ingeborg
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers are globally relevant, but quantification of these emissions comes with considerable uncertainty. Quantification of ecosystem-scale emissions is challenged by both spatial and short-term temporal variability. We measured spatio-temporal variability of CO2 and CH4 fluxes from a 1 km long reach of the lowland river Elbe in Germany over 3 d to establish which factor is more relevant to be taken into consideration: small-scale spatial variability or short-term temporal variability of CO2 and CH4 fluxes. GHG emissions from the river reach studied were dominated by CO2, and 90 % of total emissions were from the water surface, while 10 % of emissions were from dry fallen sediment at the side of the river. Aquatic CO2 fluxes were similar at different habitats, while aquatic CH4 fluxes were higher at the side of the river. Artificial structures to improve navigability (groynes) created still water areas with elevated CH4 fluxes and lower CO2 fluxes. CO2 fluxes exhibited a clear diurnal pattern, but the exact shape and timing of this pattern differed between habitats. By contrast, CH4 fluxes did not change diurnally. Our data confirm our hypothesis that spatial variability is especially important for CH4, while diurnal variability is more relevant for CO2 emissions from our study reach of the Elbe in summer. Continuous measurements or at least sampling at different times of the day is most likely necessary for reliable quantification of river GHG emissions.
Spatially aggregated climate indicators over Sweden (1860–2020), Part 1: Temperature
Authors: Sturm Christophe
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Climate indicators are useful tools to synthesise climate information from multiple station time-series into a single national indicator. The method applied should be spatially representative and robust over time. We introduce a new method, based on Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) during the calibration period 1961–2018, in order to reconstruct the climate indicator for temperature in Sweden for the full 1860–2020 period of available observations. The new method delivers results in good overall agreement with the reference method (i.e. arithmetic mean from selected stations in the reference network). Discrepancies are found prior to 1900, primarily related to the reduced number of active stations: the robustness of the indicator estimation is assessed by an ensemble computation with added random noise, which confirms that the ensemble spread increases significantly prior to 1880. The present study establishes that the 10-year running averaged temperature indicator rose from −1.03 °C in 1903 to +1.19 °C in 2010 (with respect to a mean value of 4.64 °C over the 1961–2018 calibration period), i.e. an increase by +2.22 °C in a century. The temperature difference between 1860 and 2020 was largest for winter (DJF) averages (+3 °C) and minimal for summer (+2 °C). The leading EOF patterns illustrate the spatial modes of variability for climate variability, with a predominantly homogeneous, mono-modal distribution for temperature. For precipitation, the first EOF pattern displays more pronounced regional features (maximum over the West coast), which is completed by a north-south seesaw pattern for the second EOF. We illustrate that EOF patterns calculated from observation data reproduce the major features of EOF calculated from GridClim, a gridded data-set over Sweden, for annual and seasonal averages. The leading EOF patterns vary significantly for seasonal averages (DJF, MAM, JJA, SON) for temperature. Finally, future developments of the EOF-method are discussed for calculating regional aggregated climate indicators, their relationship to synoptic circulation patterns and the benefits of homogenisation of observation series. The EOF-based method to compute a spatially aggregated indicator for precipitation is presented in a companion article (Sturm, 2024a). The code and data for this study is available on Zenodo (Sturm, 2024b).
The influence of aftershocks on seismic hazard analysis: a case study from Xichang and the surrounding areas
Authors: Wu Qing , Lai Guijuan , Wu Jian , Bi Jinmeng
Published: March 2024

Abstract. In some instances, a strong aftershock can cause more damage than the mainshock. Ignoring the influence of aftershocks may lead to the underestimation of the seismic hazard of some areas. Taking Xichang and its surrounding areas as an example and based on the Seismic ground motion parameters zonation map of China (GB 18306-2015), this study used the Monte Carlo method to simulate synthetic mainshock sequences. Additionally, the Omi–Reasenberg–Jones (Omi–R–J) aftershock activity model is used to simulate the aftershock sequences that follow mainshocks above a certain magnitude threshold. Then, the mainshock and the aftershocks are combined to calculate the regional seismic hazard using ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Finally, the influence of aftershocks on seismic hazard analysis is examined and considered. The results show that in areas with moderate to strong seismic backgrounds, the influence of aftershocks on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis can exceed 50 %. These results suggest that the impact of aftershocks should be properly considered for future probabilistic seismic hazard analyses, especially in areas with moderate to strong seismic activity backgrounds and in areas prone to secondary disasters such as landslides and mudslides.
Added value of seasonal hindcasts to create UK hydrological drought storylines
Authors: Chan Wilson C. H. , Arnell Nigel W. , Darch Geoff , Facer-Childs Katie , Shepherd Theodore G. , Tanguy Maliko
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The UK has experienced recurring periods of hydrological droughts in the past, including the drought declared in summer 2022. Seasonal hindcasts, consisting of a large sample of plausible weather sequences, can be used to create drought storylines and add value to existing approaches to water resources planning. In this study, the drivers of winter rainfall in the Anglian region in England are investigated using the ECMWF SEAS5 hindcast dataset, which includes 2850 plausible winters across 25 ensemble members and 3 lead times. Four winter clusters are defined using the hindcast winters based on possible combinations of various atmospheric circulation indices (such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO; East Atlantic, EA, pattern; and El Niño–Southern Oscillation). Using the 2022 drought as a case study, we demonstrate how storylines representing alternative ways the event could have unfolded can be used to explore plausible worst-case scenarios over winter 2022/23 and beyond. The winter clusters span a range of temperature and rainfall response in the study region and represent circulation storylines that could have happened over winter 2022/23. River flow and groundwater level simulations with the large sample of plausible hindcast winters show that drier-than-average winters characterised by predominantly NAO−/EA− and NAO+/EA− circulation patterns could have resulted in the continuation of the drought with a high likelihood of below-normal to low river flows across all selected catchments and boreholes by spring and summer 2023. Catchments in Norfolk were particularly vulnerable to a dry summer in 2023 as river flows were not estimated to recover to normal levels even with wet winters characterised predominantly by NAO−/EA+ and NAO+/EA+ circulation patterns, due to insufficient rainfall to overcome previous dry conditions and the slow response nature of groundwater-dominated catchments. Through this analysis, we aim to demonstrate the added value of this approach to create drought storylines during an ongoing event. Storylines constructed in this way supplement traditional weather forecasts and hydrological outlooks, in order to explore a wider range of plausible outcomes.
MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS AND RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS
Authors:   Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia, Antonova E.E. ,   Space Research Institute (IKI) Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, Vorobjev V.G. ,   Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia, Yagodkina O.I. ,   Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia, Sotnikov N.V. ,   Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia, Kirpichev I.P. ,   Space Research Institute (IKI) Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, Ovchinnikov I.L. ,   Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia, Naiko D.Yu. ,   Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia, Pulinets M.S. ,   Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia, Stepanova M.V. ,   Department of Physics, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Pinto V.A. ,   Department of Physics, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Inostroza A.M. ,   Department of Physics, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile,   Department of Physics, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Published: March 2024

The most recent findings on the dynamics of the outer radiation belt (ORB) and the physics of magnetospheric substorms are examined. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between storm time substorms and the energetic electron population that forms the ORB. Traditionally, storm time substorms have been considered as the primary source of energetic electrons, which are further accelerated during storms to contribute to the formation of the ORB. However, several observations have demonstrated that large magnetospheric substorms can generate high-energy electrons even in the absence of magnetic storms. Substorms introduce dispersionless injections of energetic electrons deep into the magnetosphere from the geosynchronous orbit during storm times. The injected electrons undergo additional acceleration via the betatron mechanism during the storm recovery phase, thus increasing the ORB population. To gain a better understanding of this process, it is crucial to study plasma sheet turbulence, substorm onset processes, and the brightening of auroral arcs. By analyzing the aforementioned findings, this study aims to highlight the need for reanalyzing of the role of auroral processes in the formation of the ORB.
SUBSTORMS CAUSED BY LARGE-AMPLITUDE SOLAR WIND DYNAMIC PRESSURE PULSES: CASE STUDY ON 3 NOVEMBER 2021
Authors:   Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Moscow, Troitsk, Russiа, Gromova L.I. , Kleimenova N.G. ,   Schmidt Institute Physics of the Earth RAS, Moscow, Russia, Despirak I.V. ,   Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia, Gromov S.V. ,   Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Moscow, Troitsk, Russiа, Malysheva L.M. ,   Schmidt Institute Physics of the Earth RAS, Moscow, Russia, Lubchich A.A. ,   Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia
Published: March 2024

We studied the geomagnetic effects of abrupt and large-amplitude changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure (Psw) on 3 November 2021. when there were observed three large-amplitude Psw pulses (up to 20 nPa) under the strong (up to −18 nT) southward IMF Bz and significantly varying IMF By (from +20 to −15 nT). Basing on IMAGE magnetometer data, we found three substorms associated with these Psw impulses. These substorms followed one after another with a short interval and each subsequent substorm began developing during the unfinished recovery phase of the previous one under disturbed space weather conditions. Under strong negative IMF Bz there was significant input of energy into the magnetosphere that indicated by the increasing PC-index values. It was shown that the spatial-temporal features of the substorm subsequence development was complicated, differed from a typical isolated “normal” substorm and changed from one substorm to another. According to the AMPERE 66 ionospheric satellite data, the global distribution of the ionospheric and field-aligned currents (FAC) was established during the considered substorms. We found that during all these substorms, there were strong FACs and corresponding ionospheric electrojets in the morning sector indicating an enhanced magnetospheric convection which formed the DP2 current system. In addition, in the night sector, the DP1 current system was observed, the clearest in the second event.
CLASSIFICATION OF ISOLATED SUBSTORMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT GENERATION CONDITIONS AND PHASE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors:   1Нижегородский государственный педагогический университет им. К. Минина, Бархатов Н.А. , Воробьев В.Г. ,   Полярный геофизический институт, Апатиты, Россия, Ягодкина О.И. ,   Полярный геофизический институт, Апатиты, Россия, Е.А. Ревунова ,   Нижегородский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет, Борисова А.Ю. ,   1Нижегородский государственный педагогический университет им. К. Минина
Published: March 2024

В работе представлены результаты нейросетевой классификации изолированных событий суббурь, обусловленных воздействием потоков плазмы солнечного ветра на магнитосферу Земли с учетом признаков, характеризующих особенности условий генерации различных фаз суббурь. Для этого выбраны следующие классификационные признаки: продолжительность фазы зарождения, длительность фазы развития, фазы восстановления и всей суббури, а также особенности поведения компоненты Bz межпланетного магнитного поля (ММП). Под последним признаком подразумевается поворот компоненты Bz ММП к югу, который определяет начало фазы зарождения суббури. Эти признаки приняты в качестве входных рядов для создаваемых самообучающихся классификационных нейросетевых моделей. В процессе работы нейросети сформированы наборы графических образов указанных классификационных признаков. В результате каждый образ содержит информацию о продолжительности фаз рассматриваемых суббурь. Выполненные классификационные нейросетевые эксперименты над рассматриваемыми суббурями позволяют разделить суббури на пять классов. Физические особенности выделенных классов заключаются в причинно-следственных связях продолжительности суббуревых фаз с параметрами солнечного ветра и особенностями ММП.
MANIFESTATION OF INTERHEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN STREAMS OF CHARGED TRAPPED AND PRECIPITATING PARTICLES ON LOW-ORBIT SATELLITES IN CALM AND DISTURBED CONDITIONS
Authors:   Полярный геофизический институт, г. Апатиты, Россия, Яхнина Т.А. , Попова Т.А. ,   Полярный геофизический институт, г. Апатиты, Россия, Любчич А.А. ,   Полярный геофизический институт, г. Апатиты, Россия, Демехов А.Г. ,   Полярный геофизический институт, г. Апатиты, Россия
Published: March 2024

Высыпания релятивистских (>800 кэВ) электронов и потоки высыпающихся и захваченных энергичных (~100 кэВ) протонов чаще всего регистрируются во время геомагнитных возмущений, особенно, во время суббурь. При этом наблюдаются возмущения магнитного поля в субавроральной и авроральной областях (50–75 CGMLat). В результате развития ионно-циклотронной неустойчивости во внутренней магнитосфере происходит генерация электромагнитных ионно-циклотронных (ЭМИЦ) волн и питч-угловая диффузия протонов, что приводит к заполнению конуса потерь и, следовательно, к высыпанию энергичных протонов. ЭМИЦ волны, на поверхности Земли регистрируются как геомагнитные пульсации – квазипериодические колебания геомагнитного поля в диапазоне частот Рс1 (0,1–5 Гц). Одновременно на низкоорбитальных (~850 км) спутниках NOAA POES наблюдаются потоки заряженных энергичных высыпающихся и захваченных частиц. Эта работа посвящена изучению влияния ослабленного магнитного поля в районе Южно-Атлантической (Бразильской) магнитной аномалии на потоки энергичных протонов и релятивистских электронов в спокойных и возмущенных условиях.
CLUSTERING OF ULF WAVES USING MACHINE LEARNING METHODS BASED ON THEMIS-A SATELLITE DATA
Authors:   Институт Солнечно-Земной Физики СО РАН, Иркутск, Россия, Шубин Д.А. , Рубцов А.В. ,   Институт Солнечно-Земной Физики СО РАН, Иркутск, Россия, Климушкин Д.Ю. ,   Институт Солнечно-Земной Физики СО РАН, Иркутск, Россия
Published: March 2024

В настоящей работе проведена кластеризация ультранизкочастотных волн по данным спутника THEMIS-A за один полный обзор магнитосферы Земли. Выделение волн производилось автоматически, после чего проводилась кластеризация методом Gaussian Mixture. Сравнительный анализ с использованием метода t-SNE позволил соотнести получившиеся кластеры с ожидаемым разделением волн по поляризации на полоидальные, тороидальные и компрессионные. Показано, что результаты кластеризации лишь частично совпадают с таким разделением.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INTRINSIC RADIATION OF THE NIGHT ATMOSPHERES OF THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS IN THE ULTRAVIOLET AND INFRARED BANDS
Authors:   Полярный геофизический институт (ПГИ), г. Апатиты, Россия, Антоненко О.В. , Кириллов А.С. ,   Полярный геофизический институт (ПГИ), г. Апатиты, Россия
Published: March 2024

В настоящей работе рассматриваются особенности излучения ночных атмосфер Земли и Марса в полосах Герцберга I и Атмосферных полосах. Выполнено сопоставление теоретических расчетов значений интенсивностей свечения полос Герцберга I и Атмосферных полос с экспериментальными данными, полученными спектрографом с космических шаттлов «Дискавери» и «Индевор», соответственно. Расчёты выполнялись по экспериментальным данным о концентрациях атомарного кислорода для определенных широт и сезонов Земли и Марса. Показано, что наблюдается хорошее согласие теоретических расчётов с экспериментальными данными для рассмотренных широт и сезонов Земли, в то время как для условий Марса наблюдается лишь некоторое соответствие теоретических расчетов с экспериментальными данными.