bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation: collective construction of a concept in a focus group
Authors: Cunha Tony Ely de Oliveira , Schoeller Soraia Dornelles , Martins Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva , Alves Deisimeri Francisca , Vargas Caroline Porcelis , Zuchetto Milena Amorim , Roos Cristine Moraes , Freitas Thiara Silveira de , Correia Isabel Cristina , Acordi Indiana , Bonatelli Lisiane Capanema Silva , Pereira Sônia Maria Polidório , Santos Sandra Urbano dos
Published: February 2023

Background: Human dimensions are transversal to the concepts of health rehabilitation, since they motivate care actions. The aim of this study was to understand rehabilitation from the collective discernment of a multidisciplinary group.

Methods: This was participatory research that used a qualitative approach combined with brainstorming and conceptual mapping techniques, in a focus group of a team of researchers from the Laboratory of Research, Teaching, Extension and Technology in Health, Nursing and Rehabilitation of a Federal University in Brazil, with data publication authorised by the participants. Participants were 92% women and 8% men aged between 25 and 62 and who were members of the research group. The thematic analysis occurred from the semantics of words and associated connectors.

Results: Actions in structured levels were found in the collective understanding of rehabilitation, which enabled the formation of a theoretical care design. The first level presented love, hope, respect, empathy, understanding, esteem, and self-determination. The second level included the pillars of the (re)habilitation process: praxis, intersubjectivity, and comfortable living as a product. The third level showed the dimensions of the person as a whole: spirituality, (re)signification of the meanings of life, functionality of biophysical structures, and biopsychosocial (re)construction — the environment where the dynamic constitution of identity is internalised. The fourth level was the environment where actors move and transform (becoming), where diversity is manifested and the uniqueness of the person is acknowledged.

Conclusions: Rehabilitation is a (co)constructed process based on human attributes that facilitate or may not facilitate transformation. It implies rebuilding of the process of living, with the diversity of each person. Its actions are based on love, solidarity, and respect for mutual rights. The concept of rehabilitation can support the operationalisation of research and interdisciplinary care in a multidisciplinary team.
Staging enmity: reading populist productions of shame with Jelinek’s On the Royal Road
Authors: Prade-Weiss Juliane
Published: February 2023

Background: Populism is often perceived as a shamelessly loud segment of political discourse. However, Jelinek’s playOn the Royal Road, written on the occasion of Trump’s 2016 election as US president, suggests that populism leads to societal silencing. Jelinek’s text expounds that when a society’s public sphere is marked by ubiquitous enmity against an imagined “we”, grounded in antagonism, then the possibility of speaking to one another disappears, because speaking to one another is based on the willingness to give one’s counterpart space and listen to them. In a public discourse that stages enmity, the counterpart vanishes. Therefore, populism, loud as it is, leads to the silencing of whole communities insofar as they are left with nothing in common but enmity.

Method: Critical discourse analysis is used to contextualise Jelinek’s play with recent social sciences and humanities research on global populisms, and combined with close readings of select passages of the play to highlight what literary language and the dramatic form can contribute to understanding populism.

Results: The silencing populisms entail is fed, in large part, by a dynamics linking the interpersonal emotion of shame to its discursive exploitation in shamelessness and shaming: populist voices transgress rules of democratic debate in the public sphere to elicit outrage by mainstream politics, media, and civil society, which often retort populist shamelessness by shaming populist actors. The audience excitement populist leaders and supporters generate is an important factor in normalizing the emotional, moralizing populist polarization of “us” versus “them” that undermines differentiated discussion and a dispute of arguments.

Conclusion: While media and research commonly suggest that with the populist reduction of politics to a spectacle, citizens become a passive audience, the article expounds that audiences play a key role in the production of populist enmity. This insight offers an alley to counteract populism.
A living mapping review for COVID-19 funded research projects: two year update
Authors: Bucher Adrian , Antonio Emilia , Grund Henrike , Jabin Nusrat , Jones Chantel , Kifle Meron , Khader Susan , Boily-Larouche Genevieve , Lay Morgan , Norton Alice
Published: February 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented research response, demonstrating exceptional examples of rapid research and collaboration. There has however been an ongoing need for greater coordination, with limited resources for research and the shifting global pandemic.

Methods: The UK Collaborative on Development Research (UKCDR) and Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R), two funder coordination groups have collaborated to develop a live database of funded research projects across the world relating to COVID-19. Drawing data continually from their members and further global funding bodies, as of 15th July 2022 the database contains 17,955 projects, funded by 345 funders, taking place across 157 countries representing an investment of at least $6.5 billion. To our knowledge it is one of the most comprehensive databases. The database is aligned to the World Health Organisation and GloPID-R Global Research Roadmap: 2019 Novel Coronavirus and the UN Research Roadmap for the COVID-19 Recovery. It is being used by the WHO, governments and further policy makers, research funders and researchers.

This living mapping review aims to supplement the database by providing an open accessible and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of the COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Both descriptive and thematic analysis are presented and updated frequently to aid interpretation of the global COVID-19 funded research portfolio.

Results: In this version nine analysis we provide an updated detailed descriptive analysis of the database (on data from three months after version eight) and focus our thematic analysis on research gaps, research areas in need of coordination, study populations and research locations (with a focus on resource-limited countries).

Conclusions: As the global funding response to COVID-19 plateaus, this living mapping review helps both funders and researchers to prioritise resources and review investments.
Linkage of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to Avon & Somerset Police regional police records
Authors: Teyhan Alison , Cornish Rosie , Boyd Andy , Thomas Richard , Mumme Mark , Dillon Amy , Brennan Iain , Brown Adrian , Ferrante Anna , Macleod John
Published: February 2023

This data note describes a new resource for crime-related research: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) linked to regional police records. The police data were provided by Avon & Somerset Police (A&SP), whose area of responsibility contains the ALSPAC recruitment area. In total, ALSPAC had permission to link to crime records for 12,662 of the ‘study children’ (now adults, who were born in the early 1990s).  The linkage took place in two stages: Stage 1 involved the ALSPAC Data Linkage Team establishing the linkage using personal identifiers common to both the ALSPAC participant database and A&SP records using deterministic and probabilistic methods. Stage 2 involved A&SP extracting attribute data on the matched individuals, removing personal identifiers and securely sharing the de-identified records with ALSPAC. The police data extraction took place in July 2021, when the participants were in their late 20s/early 30s. This data note contains details on the resulting linked police records available. In brief, electronic police records were available from 2007 onwards. In total, 1757 participants (14%) linked to at least one police record for a charge, offence ‘taken into consideration’, caution, or another out of court disposal. Linked participants had a total of 6413 records relating to 6283 offences. Almost three quarters of the linked participants were male. The most common offence types were violence against the person (22% of records), drug offences (19%), theft (17%) and public order offences (11%). This data note also details important issues that researchers using the local police data should be aware of, including the importance of defining an appropriate denominator, completeness, and biases affecting police records.
The use of mycophenolate mofetil in interstitial lung diseases associated with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Ionova E.
Published: February 2023

Mycophenolate mofetil is an antimetabolite with a powerful inhibitory effect on the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, the drug has been used since the early 1990s to prevent acute graft rejection after organ transplantation. It is also widely used for the treatment of various rheumatic diseases with lung damage. Interstitial lung disease is a heterogeneous group of progressive fibrotic lung diseases, which is often secondary to rheumatic disease and is a common cause of death. Mycophenolate mofetil is the main alternative to cyclophosphamide as a first-line drug for the treatment of interstitial lung diseases associated with rheumatic diseases, or as a possible maintenance therapy after treatment with cyclophosphamide with a lower frequency of side effects. However, the use of mycophenolate mofetil in interstitial lung diseases associated with rheumatic diseases has insufficient scientific data. The review describes current information and achievements in the field of application, efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil.
Gręboszowskie peregrynacje Profesora Franciszka Ziejki
Authors: Koziara Stanisław
Published: February 2023

Artykuł dotyczy wybranych obszarów naukowych zainteresowań Profesora Franciszka Ziejki, które wiążą się po części z rzeczywistą, po części zaś z literacką historią jednej z małopolskiej wsi – Gręboszów. Pierwszy z zaprezentowanych w opracowaniu wątków przybliża prace historyczne oraz edycyjne Franciszka Ziejki skupione wokół spuścizny Jakuba Bojki – wywodzącego się z Gręboszowa pisarza chłopskiego i czołowego działacza politycznego, współtwórcy polskiego ruchu ludowego. Drugi z podjętych w szkicu tematów dotyczy równie ważnego i osobnego „szlaku” w gręboszowskich peregrynacjach krakowskiego Uczonego, obejmującego próby niełatwych odczytań genezy i zamysłów artystycznych zawartych w tragedii Klątwa Stanisława Wyspiańskiego – twórcy zajmującego jedno z centralnych miejsc w historycznoliterackich dociekaniach Franciszka Ziejki. Mająca pozornie regionalny wymiar problematyka tego opracowania w istocie odsłania o wiele bardziej uniwersalne zagadnienia z dziejów polskiej historii i kultury, jakie w swych badaniach podejmował Profesor Franciszek Ziejka.
Multi-diameter thread lift techniques
Authors: Mian Irfan
Published: February 2023

Dr Irfan Mian delves into the techniques that should be used for thread lifts
Settlement agreements: dealing with the past
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: February 2023

Sadly, disputes in the workplace are quite common. While they can end in any number of ways, one option is to put a settlement agreement in place, says Adam Bernstein, in collaboration with Sophie Wahba
Insider tips for launching anything on social media
Authors: O'Neill Rick
Published: February 2023

While it is one thing to design an Instagram post and publish it, crafting a launch strategy and implementing it successfully is an entirely different matter. Rick O'Neill gives 10 top insider tips for launching just about anything on social media
A study on the reconstitution of botulinum toxin type A: normal saline versus bacteriostatic saline
Authors: Goddard Rachel
Published: February 2023

Background:

This is a quantitative study on the reconstitution of botulinum toxin type A, whether medical aesthetics nurses use normal saline or bacteriostatic saline to reconstitute and what wider factors influence this clinical decision. Medical aesthetics nurses have not previously participated in this area of research. The existing research uses doctors as participants and excludes nurses. Ultimately, the decision lies with the prescriber, but there is a notable gap in knowledge and a need to explore the preferred practice of medical aesthetics nurses.

Methods:

An anonymous online survey was conducted with participants who were medical aesthetics nurses, based in the UK and members of the British Association of Cosmetic Nurses. The survey tool was used to gather data on whether medical aesthetics nurses reconstitute botulinum toxin type A with preserved or normal saline.

Results:

93.2% of participants used bacteriostatic saline to reconstitute botulinum toxin type A. Some 88.6% of participants were nurse independent prescribers, while 45.4% of participants had a minimum of 10 years' experience in medical aesthetics. All participants were trained by either a nurse or doctor.

Conclusions:

Medical aesthetics nurses are highly educated and motivated independent nurses. They have enterprising skillsets and it is highly unusual to find nurses with established private practices outside the specialism of medical aesthetics. Botulinum toxin type A treatments are one of the core treatments in any patient-centred, independent practice and are very much results driven. Sustaining high levels of patient satisfaction is an essential part of medical aesthetics nursing.
Reflections of ‘European Islam’ Discourse to Germany and Recognition of Turkish-Islam
Authors: MAZLUM Mahmut
Published: February 2023

Turkish-Islam has become a part of Europe today more than ever. Turkish immigrants and their religious institutions are the leading cause of this new situation, and they have been trying to legalize their belonging with their claims for recognition, especially in Germany. This article mainly elaborates on the recognition process with a focus on the reflections of European Islam discourse on the German scene and attempts to understand the reasons behind the current crisis around the recognition of Turkish-Islam. Even though the current perception of Islam in the host countries is the primary reason for many, this article approaches the issue from a historical institutionalist (HI) point of view and develops further arguments. Analysis of the empirical data shows that the lack of a unified voice in the Muslim society, structural inefficiencies of Islamic organizations, and politicizing of Islam-related issues could be counted as obstacles in the frame of recognition. However, the path dependency concept of HI allows this work to go beyond these visible problems and highlights the transnational linkages created in the foundation processes of these institutions as the main reason behind the failure.
Some Problems of the Study of the Regional Jadid Movement in Kazakhstan in the Context of the Structure of National Identity
Authors: SHYLMAMBETOV Sayan , SAPAROV Bakhytzhan
Published: February 2023

In this article, the impact of the Jadid movement on the formation of Kazakh national identity is discussed in the context of the regional characteristics of Kazakhstan. The issue of the Jadid movement in Russian historiography was written within the framework of Islamic integration, pan-Turkism, and ethnic nationalism. The Jadid movement, which is the essence of the national identity construction, has left its traces in Kazakhstan

thanks to the Tatar scientists who naturally affect the Turkish unity process. National identity and Turkish unity issues developed in parallel in Kazakhstan. Evaluating the religious views of Kazakh nomads in rural areas, and the tribalism and ethnic relations, the Tsarist administration exerted strong pressure on the policy of Russification. Therefore, Russian-Kazakh schools increased in number and developed rivalry to the Jadid schools. The founders of the Alaş movement, who were educated in the Jadid schools in the northern and western regions of Kazakhstan, later studied at the higher education institutions of the Russian Empire. The rest of the Jadids received their education in the madrasahs of today’s Uzbekistan, Kazan, Cairo and Istanbul. In

this context, two aspects of the Jadid movement have become stereotyped in Kazakhstan, the first is the establishment of the Kazakh state Alaş Orda, the second is the struggle for the unity of the Central Asian Turkic people and the establishment of the Turkestan state.
On classical liberalism and democratic optimism: James M. Buchanan and Elinor Ostrom
Authors: Johnson Marianne
Published: February 2023

We recently marked the 60th anniversary of the book that established the field of public choice – The Calculus of Consent by James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock. It was also the 30th anniversary of Elinor Ostrom et al’s ‘Covenants with and without a sword’, in which she demonstrated the capacity of individuals for self-governance without submission to an external authority. This article considers these two foundational works as a starting point from which to explore the intellectual tradition of ‘democratic optimism’ in public choice. The Buchanan/Ostrom legacy is an unshakable faith in the capacity of individuals for self-governance, a significant departure from more orthodox thinking that presumed the necessity of a social planner to oversee, coordinate and enforce collective actions. Their work also illustrates the importance of questioning the assumptions of economic models and modes of thought. Examination of antecedent assumptions is useful not only for understanding the depth and complexity of economic and political choices, but also for thinking about the history of the economics discipline, the viability of research programmes and the ‘danger of self-evident truths’.
Definition of a second-order degree of polarization in terms of the complex degree of coherence
Authors: Hernandez-Cely Cristian , Salazar-Ariza Karol , Torres Rafael
Published: February 2023

The classical theory of random electric fields and polarization formalism has been formulated considering the Stokes parameters’ auto-correlations. However, in this work, the need to consider the Stokes parameters’ cross-correlations to obtain a complete description of the polarization dynamics of a light source is explained. We propose a general expression for the Stokes parameters’ degree of correlation using both auto-correlations and cross-correlations, which we derive from the application of Kent’s distribution in the statistical study of Stokes parameter dynamics on Poincaré’s sphere. Additionally, from the proposed degree of correlation, we obtain a new expression for the degree of polarization (DOP) in terms of the complex degree of coherence, which is a generalization of the well-known Wolf’s DOP. The new DOP is tested using a depolarization experiment in which partially coherent light sources propagate through a liquid crystal variable retarder. The experimental results show that our generalization for the DOP improves the theoretical description of a new depolarization phenomenon that Wolf’s DOP cannot describe.
Fast recovery of sparse fringes in unknown freeform surface interferometry
Authors: Liu Renhu , Wu Jinling , Zhou Sheng , Yu Benli , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2023

In the adaptive freeform surface interferometer, the adaptive algorithms were equipped to find the required aberration compensation, making interferogram with dark areas (incomplete interferogram) sparse. However, traditional blind search-based algorithms are limited by convergence rate, time consumption, and convenience. As an alternative, we propose an intelligent approach composed of deep learning and ray tracing technology, which can recover sparse fringes from the incomplete interferogram without iterations. Simulations show that the proposed method has only a few seconds time cost with the failure rate less than 4‰. At the same time, the proposed method is easy to perform because it does not require the manual intervention of internal parameters before execution as in traditional algorithms. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was validated in the experiment. We believe that this approach is much more promising in the future.
Photoelectric hybrid neural network based on ZnO nematic liquid crystal microlens array for hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Li Hui , Li Tian , Chen Si , Wu Yuntao
Published: February 2023

The miniaturized imaging spectrometers face bottlenecks in reconstructing the high-resolution spectral image. In this study, we have proposed an optoelectronic hybrid neural network based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nematic liquid crystal (LC) microlens array (MLA). This architecture optimizes the parameters of the neural network by constructing the TV-L1-L2 objective function and using mean square error as a loss function, giving full play to the advantages of ZnO LC MLA. It adopts the ZnO LC-MLA as optical convolution to reduce the volume of the network. Experimental results show that the proposed architecture has reconstructed a 1536 × 1536 pixels resolution enhancement hyperspectral image in the wavelength range of [400 nm, 700 nm] in a relatively short time, and the spectral accuracy of reconstruction has reached just 1 nm.
Widely tunable 2 µm hybrid laser using GaSb semiconductor optical amplifiers and a Si3N4 photonics integrated reflector
Authors: Zia Nouman , Ojanen Samu-Pekka , Viheriala Jukka , Koivusalo Eero , Hilska Joonas , Tuorila Heidi , Guina Mircea
Published: February 2023

Tunable lasers emitting in the 2–3 µm wavelength range that are compatible with photonic integration platforms are of great interest for sensing applications. To this end, combining GaSb-based semiconductor gain chips with Si3N4 photonic integrated circuits offers an attractive platform. Herein, we utilize the low-loss features of Si3N4 waveguides and demonstrate a hybrid laser comprising a GaSb gain chip with an integrated tunable Si3N4 Vernier mirror. At room temperature, the laser exhibited a maximum output power of 15 mW and a tuning range of ∼90 nm (1937–2026 nm). The low-loss performance of several fundamental Si3N4 building blocks for photonic integrated circuits is also validated. More specifically, the single-mode waveguide exhibits a transmission loss as low as 0.15 dB/cm, the 90° bend has 0.008 dB loss, and the 50/50 Y-branch has an insertion loss of 0.075 dB.
Spontaneous chaos and extreme events in a solid-state laser with the transverse-mode-degenerate cavity configuration
Authors: Ho Kuo-Wei , Liang Jyun-Wei , Lin Ting-Wei , Chiu Chi-Pin , Chen Ching-Hsu , Wei Ming-Dar
Published: February 2023

In this Letter, we theoretically analyze cavity beam propagation in a gain medium and cavity using the rate equation and generalized Huygens integral, respectively. Spontaneous chaos and extreme events (EEs) occurred around the transverse-mode-degenerate cavity configuration because of transverse-mode competition. A closed occurrence region relating to varying pump power and cavity length was observed. The experimental results in a continuous-wave Nd:YVO4 laser agreed with the aforementioned numerical results. Because gain effect is essential to a laser, we assume that EEs can be intrinsic and universal in a well-aligned laser system if it satisfies the specific transverse-mode competition.
Decoupling of interacting neuronal populations by time-shifted stimulation through spike-timing-dependent plasticity
Authors: Madadi Asl Mojtaba , Valizadeh Alireza , Tass Peter A.
Published: February 2023

The synaptic organization of the brain is constantly modified by activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. In several neurological disorders, abnormal neuronal activity and pathological synaptic connectivity may significantly impair normal brain function. Reorganization of neuronal circuits by therapeutic stimulation has the potential to restore normal brain dynamics. Increasing evidence suggests that the temporal stimulation pattern crucially determines the long-lasting therapeutic effects of stimulation. Here, we tested whether a specific pattern of brain stimulation can enable the suppression of pathologically strong inter-population synaptic connectivity through spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). More specifically, we tested how introducing a time shift between stimuli delivered to two interacting populations of neurons can effectively decouple them. To that end, we first used a tractable model, i.e., two bidirectionally coupled leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons, to theoretically analyze the optimal range of stimulation frequency and time shift for decoupling. We then extended our results to two reciprocally connected neuronal populations (modules) where inter-population delayed connections were modified by STDP. As predicted by the theoretical results, appropriately time-shifted stimulation causes a decoupling of the two-module system through STDP, i.e., by unlearning pathologically strong synaptic interactions between the two populations. Based on the overall topology of the connections, the decoupling of the two modules, in turn, causes a desynchronization of the populations that outlasts the cessation of stimulation. Decoupling effects of the time-shifted stimulation can be realized by time-shifted burst stimulation as well as time-shifted continuous simulation. Our results provide insight into the further optimization of a variety of multichannel stimulation protocols aiming at a therapeutic reshaping of diseased brain networks.
Application of ARIMA, and hybrid ARIMA Models in predicting and forecasting tuberculosis incidences among children in Homa Bay and Turkana Counties, Kenya
Authors: Siamba Stephen , Otieno Argwings , Koech Julius
Published: February 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) infections among children (below 15 years) is a growing concern, particularly in resource-limited settings. However, the TB burden among children is relatively unknown in Kenya where two-thirds of estimated TB cases are undiagnosed annually. Very few studies have used Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), and hybrid ARIMA models to model infectious diseases globally. We applied ARIMA, and hybrid ARIMA models to predict and forecast TB incidences among children in Homa Bay and Turkana Counties in Kenya. The ARIMA, and hybrid models were used to predict and forecast monthly TB cases reported in the Treatment Information from Basic Unit (TIBU) system by health facilities in Homa Bay and Turkana Counties between 2012 and 2021. The best parsimonious ARIMA model that minimizes errors was selected based on a rolling window cross-validation procedure. The hybrid ARIMA-ANN model produced better predictive and forecast accuracy compared to the Seasonal ARIMA (0,0,1,1,0,1,12) model. Furthermore, using the Diebold-Mariano (DM) test, the predictive accuracy of ARIMA-ANN versus ARIMA (0,0,1,1,0,1,12) model were significantly different, p<0.001, respectively. The forecasts showed a TB incidence of 175 TB cases per 100,000 (161 to 188 TB incidences per 100,000 population) children in Homa Bay and Turkana Counties in 2022. The hybrid (ARIMA-ANN) model produces better predictive and forecast accuracy compared to the single ARIMA model. The findings show evidence that the incidence of TB among children below 15 years in Homa Bay and Turkana Counties is significantly under-reported and is potentially higher than the national average.
Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in a sample of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) Houston residents
Authors: Atrooz Fatin , Majd Zahra , Alrousan Ghalya , Zeidat Sarah , Abuelezam Nadia N. , Abughosh Susan , Salim Samina
Published: February 2023

Background

COVID-19 vaccination has averted a significant number of deaths in the United States, but vaccination hesitancy continues to be a problem. Therefore, examining vaccination acceptance and/or hesitancy in local communities is critical.

Methods

A quantitative survey and a multivariable logistic regression model was utilized to determine predictors of COVID-19 vaccination in Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) origin Houston residents. The outcome of interest was COVID-19 vaccination status (vaccinated versus not vaccinated). Covariates included: demographics, health, and COVID-19 factors. Statistical analyses included SAS version 9.4 at a priori significance level of 0.05.

Results

The overall vaccine acceptance rate was significantly high in this population subset (N = 366), with 77.60% vaccinated, and 22.40% not vaccinated. MENA individuals with some college degrees were less likely to report vaccination than those with a graduate degree [Odds Ratio (OR): 0.18; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.04, 0.77]. Homeowners were more likely to get vaccinated than renters (OR: 2.58; 95%CI: 1.17, 5.68). Individuals practicing Islamic faith were more likely to get vaccinated than other religious affiliations (OR: 3.26; 95%CI: 1.15, 9.19). Individuals with hypertension were less likely to get vaccinated than those without it (OR: 0.34; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.92), and those with anxiety were more likely to get vaccinated than those without anxiety (OR: 4.23; 95%CI: 1.68, 10.64).

Conclusions

Health status, education level, financial stability, and religious affiliation are some of the determining factors that potentially influence vaccination acceptance/hesitancy among the MENA community.
Trends in appropriateness of end-of-life care in people with cancer, COPD or with dementia measured with population-level quality indicators
Authors: De Schreye Robrecht , Deliens Luc , Annemans Lieven , Gielen Birgit , Smets Tinne , Cohen Joachim
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Measuring changes in the appropriateness of end-of-life care provided to patients with advanced illness such as cancer, COPD or dementia can help governments and practitioners improve service delivery and quality of life. However, an assessment of a possible shift in appropriateness of end-of-life care across the population is lacking.

Aim

Measuring quality indicators with routinely collected population-level data, this study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of end-of-life care for people with cancer, COPD or dementia in Belgium.

Design

A population-level decedent cohort study, using data from eight population-level databases, including death certificate and health claims data. We measured validated sets of quality indicators for appropriateness of end-of-life care.

Setting/Participants

All people who died from cancer or COPD or with dementia between 1st January 2010 and 1st January 2016 in Belgium.

Results

We identified three main trends over time across the three disease groups of increasing use of: family physicians in the last 30 days of life (+21.7% in cancer, +33.7% in COPD and +89.4% in dementia); specialist palliative care in the last 14 days of life (+4.6% in cancer, +36.9% in COPD, +17.8% in dementia); and emergency department in the last 30 days of life (+7.0% in cancer, +4.4% in COPD and +8.2% in dementia).

Conclusions

Although we found an increase of both specialized palliative care and generalist palliative care use, we also found an increase in potentially inappropriate care, including ED and ICU admissions. To increase the quality of end-of-life care, both timely initiating (generalist and specialist) palliative care and avoiding potentially inappropriate care transitions, treatments and medications need to be quality performance targets.
Physician exhaustion and work engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal survey into the role of resources and support interventions
Authors: Solms Lara , van Vianen Annelies E. M. , Koen Jessie , Kan Kees-Jan , de Hoog Matthijs , de Pagter Anne P. J. ,   on behalf of the Improve Research Network
Published: February 2023

Background

Physicians increasingly show symptoms of burnout due to the high job demands they face, posing a risk for the quality and safety of care. Job and personal resources as well as support interventions may function as protective factors when demands are high, specifically in times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the Job Demands-Resources theory, this longitudinal study investigated how monthly fluctuations in job demands and job and personal resources relate to exhaustion and work engagement and how support interventions are associated with these outcomes over time.

Methods

A longitudinal survey consisting of eight monthly measures in the period 2020–2021, completed by medical specialists and residents in the Netherlands. We used validated questionnaires to assess job demands (i.e., workload), job resources (e.g., job control), personal resources (e.g., psychological capital), emotional exhaustion, and work engagement. Additionally, we measured the use of specific support interventions (e.g., professional support). Multilevel modeling and longitudinal growth curve modeling were used to analyze the data.

Results

378 medical specialists and residents were included in the analysis (response rate: 79.08%). Workload was associated with exhaustion (γ = .383, p < .001). All job resources, as well as the personal resources psychological capital and self-judgement were associated with work engagement (γs ranging from -.093 to .345, all ps < .05). Job control and psychological capital attenuated the workload-exhaustion relationship while positive feedback and peer support strengthened it (all ps < .05). The use of professional support interventions (from a mental health expert or coach) was related to higher work engagement (estimate = .168, p = .032) over time. Participation in organized supportive group meetings was associated with higher exhaustion over time (estimate = .274, p = .006).

Conclusions

Job and personal resources can safeguard work engagement and mitigate the risk of emotional exhaustion. Professional support programs are associated with higher work engagement over time, whereas organized group support meetings are associated with higher exhaustion. Our results stress the importance of professional individual-level interventions to counteract a loss of work engagement in times of crisis.
Evaluation of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) in multi-environment trials using enhanced statistical models
Authors: Tesfaye Kassahun , Alemu Tesfaye , Argaw Tarekegn , de Villiers Santie , Assefa Ermias
Published: February 2023

Spatial variation and genotype by environment (GxE) interaction are common in varietal selection field trials and pose a significant challenge for plant breeders when comparing the genetic potential of different varieties. Efficient statistical methods must be employed for the evaluation of finger millet breeding trials to accurately select superior varieties that contribute to agricultural productivity. The objective of this study was to improve selection strategies in finger millet breeding in Ethiopia through modeling of spatial field trends and the GxE interaction. A dataset of seven multi-environment trials (MET) conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications laid out in rectangle (row x column) arrays of plots was used in this study. The results revealed that, under the linear mixed model, the spatial and factor analytic (FA) models were efficient methods of data analysis for this study, and this was demonstrated with evidence of heritability measure. We found two clusters of correlated environments that helped to select superior and stable varieties through ranking average Best Linear Unbiased Predictors (BLUPs) within clusters. The first cluster was chosen because it contained a greater number of environments with high heritability. Based on this cluster, Bako-09, 203439, 203325, and 203347 were the top four varieties with relatively high yield performance and stability across correlated environments. Hence, scaling up the use of this efficient analysis method will improve the selection of superior finger millet varieties.
A city-wide examination of fine-grained human emotions through social media analysis
Authors: Siriaraya Panote , Zhang Yihong , Kawai Yukiko , Jeszenszky Peter , Jatowt Adam
Published: February 2023

The proliferation of Social Media and Open Web data has provided researchers with a unique opportunity to better understand human behavior at different levels. In this paper, we show how data from Open Street Map and Twitter could be analyzed and used to portray detailed Human Emotions at a city wide level in two cities, San Francisco and London. Neural Network classifiers for fine-grained emotions were developed, tested and used to detect emotions from tweets in the two cites. The detected emotions were then matched to key locations extracted from Open Street Map. Through an analysis of the resulting data set, we highlight the effect different days, locations and POI neighborhoods have on the expression of human emotions in the cities.
Predicting physician departure with machine learning on EHR use patterns: A longitudinal cohort from a large multi-specialty ambulatory practice
Authors: Lopez Kevin , Li Huan , Paek Hyung , Williams Brian , Nath Bidisha , Melnick Edward R. , Loza Andrew J.
Published: February 2023

Physician turnover places a heavy burden on the healthcare industry, patients, physicians, and their families. Having a mechanism in place to identify physicians at risk for departure could help target appropriate interventions that prevent departure. We have collected physician characteristics, electronic health record (EHR) use patterns, and clinical productivity data from a large ambulatory based practice of non-teaching physicians to build a predictive model. We use several techniques to identify possible intervenable variables. Specifically, we used gradient boosted trees to predict the probability of a physician departing within an interval of 6 months. Several variables significantly contributed to predicting physician departure including tenure (time since hiring date), panel complexity, physician demand, physician age, inbox, and documentation time. These variables were identified by training, validating, and testing the model followed by computing SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation) values to investigate which variables influence the model’s prediction the most. We found these top variables to have large interactions with other variables indicating their importance. Since these variables may be predictive of physician departure, they could prove useful to identify at risk physicians such who would benefit from targeted interventions.
Social isolation is linked to classical risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias
Authors: Shafighi Kimia , Villeneuve Sylvia , Rosa Neto Pedro , Badhwar AmanPreet , Poirier Judes , Sharma Vaibhav , Medina Yasser Iturria , Silveira Patricia P. , Dube Laurette , Glahn David , Bzdok Danilo
Published: February 2023

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias is a major public health burden–compounding over upcoming years due to longevity. Recently, clinical evidence hinted at the experience of social isolation in expediting dementia onset. In 502,506 UK Biobank participants and 30,097 participants from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging, we revisited traditional risk factors for developing dementia in the context of loneliness and lacking social support. Across these measures of subjective and objective social deprivation, we have identified strong links between individuals’ social capital and various indicators of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias risk, which replicated across both population cohorts. The quality and quantity of daily social encounters had deep connections with key aetiopathological factors, which represent 1) personal habits and lifestyle factors, 2) physical health, 3) mental health, and 4) societal and external factors. Our population-scale assessment suggest that social lifestyle determinants are linked to most neurodegeneration risk factors, highlighting them as promising targets for preventive clinical action.
Detection of microplastics in human saphenous vein tissue using μFTIR: A pilot study
Authors: Rotchell Jeanette M. , Jenner Lauren C. , Chapman Emma , Bennett Robert T. , Bolanle Israel Olapeju , Loubani Mahmoud , Sadofsky Laura , Palmer Timothy M.
Published: February 2023

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment, in the human food chain, and have been recently detected in blood and lung tissues. To undertake a pilot analysis of MP contamination in human vein tissue samples with respect to their presence (if any), levels, and characteristics of any particles identified. This study analysed digested human saphenous vein tissue samples (n = 5) using μFTIR spectroscopy (size limitation of 5 μm) to detect and characterise any MPs present. In total, 20 MP particles consisting of five MP polymer types were identified within 4 of the 5 vein tissue samples with an unadjusted average of 29.28 ± 34.88 MP/g of tissue (expressed as 14.99 ± 17.18 MP/g after background subtraction adjustments). Of the MPs detected in vein samples, five polymer types were identified, of irregular shape (90%), with alkyd resin (45%), poly (vinyl propionate/acetate, PVAc (20%) and nylon-ethylene-vinyl acetate, nylon-EVA, tie layer (20%) the most abundant. While the MP levels within tissue samples were not significantly different than those identified within procedural blanks (which represent airborne contamination at time of sampling), they were comprised of different plastic polymer types. The blanks comprised n = 13 MP particles of four MP polymer types with the most abundant being polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), then polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyfumaronitrile:styrene (FNS), with a mean ± SD of 10.4 ± 9.21, p = 0.293. This study reports the highest level of contamination control and reports unadjusted values alongside different contamination adjustment techniques. This is the first evidence of MP contamination of human vascular tissues. These results support the phenomenon of transport of MPs within human tissues, specifically blood vessels, and this characterisation of types and levels can now inform realistic conditions for laboratory exposure experiments, with the aim of determining vascular health impacts.
Construcción y dimensión internacional del autoritarismo en el mundo árabe
Authors: Abu-Tarbush José
Published: February 2023

La relación entre poder y conocimiento se ha visto reflejada en la construcción teórica sobre la persistencia del autoritarismo en los Estados árabes. Con origen en la teoría social decimonónica, que conceptuaba a las sociedades no occidentales como estancadas frente al dinamismo de las occidentales, las aproximaciones culturalistas y esencialistas argumentaron una supuesta excepcionalidad islámica para explicar ese déficit democrático. En contraposición, las perspectivas materialistas remitían esa explicación a la base económica, sistema político y ubicación internacional. Desde la propia historia de las relaciones internacionales del siglo XX se advierte cómo esa conceptualización no ha sido ajena a las coyunturas mundiales de la Guerra Fría y posguerra fría. En esa controversia teórica, las movilizaciones antiautoritarias árabes (2010/2011) introdujeron una ruptura epistemológica a favor de las aproximaciones materialistas.
El Mercurio de Santiago de Chile: el discurso liberal mundial ante Rusia en 1905 y 1917
Authors: Garay Vera Cristián Eduardo , Jiménez Cabrera Diego Ignacio
Published: February 2023

El diario El Mercurio es considerado un portavoz de la derecha chilena. Este artículo explora la posición crítica ante el régimen del Zar respecto de los sucesos de 1905 y los inicios de la «Revolución rusa» en 1917, hechos que culminan con la caída del Zar. Para los autores, es consecuencia del mensaje e identidad liberal del medio y de su propietario, Agustín Edwards Mac Clure (1878-1941), en relación con las posiciones británicas y francesas. Para el medio periodístico ya referido, el Imperio Ruso debe ser funcional a los intereses franco-británicos en la Primera Guerra Mundial, conflicto que se percibe como predominantemente europeo. Se examinan las posiciones del dueño con relación al conflicto, los editoriales y la cobertura periodística sobre aquellos eventos. En ambos casos, El Mercurio alberga una idea positiva de la supuesta llegada del liberalismo en Rusia y el fin del régimen autocrático.
Trayectoria profesional de los generales de artillería de Isabel II (1843-1868)
Authors: Cameno Mayo Diego
Published: February 2023

La atención de los historiadores militares que se han embarcado en el estudio del reinado de Isabel II suele centrarse en la explicación de la intervención de los militares en política y las formas que tenían de llevarla a cabo: el pronunciamiento. Por otro lado, el número de trabajos sobre los protagonistas de esas acciones, exceptuando los conocidos como espadones, es bastante escaso. Este texto tiene como objetivo analizar y comparar el desarrollo de la carrera profesional de unos cuantos militares que obtuvieron la faja de general durante dicho reinado (1843-1868). Además, el grupo seleccionado pertenece al Cuerpo de Artillería, un grupo social y profesional especial que, durante todo el siglo XIX, presentó unas características propias que le diferenciaron del resto de cuerpos del Ejército
FRONTEIRAS DO CORPO
Authors: Araújo Pedro
Published: February 2023

A teoria educacional voltada para os estágios de desenvolvimento mental, apoiaram-se na tradição dualista do ocidente produzindo e reproduzindo polaridades, onde natureza e corpo estão separados: “o corpo, localizado no âmbito da natureza, é negado na instancia da cultura”. Contudo, Louro (2016) tem feito uma construção metafórica do sujeito enquanto “viajante” para argumentar que as experiências, objetivas e subjetivas, operacionalizam-se sobre um processo de desvios e retornos sobre si, presente na construção da identidade. Essa viajem coloca o corpo como elemento fundamental, já que é nele que os sujeitos são classificados, ordenados e hierarquizados, a partir de normas e valores. Neste sentido, valendo-nos das reflexões sobre a teoria queer, analisaremos algumas partes do filme Everybody Talks About Jamie com um intuito de compreender, qual é a contribuição da escola para o discurso sobre o corpo e suas implicações; uma vez que toda a narrativa se dá em torno da escola.
UNICAMP DE PORTAS ABERTAS 2022:
Authors: Mariano Hugo Romano , Altmann Helena , Ribeiro Pereira Maria Efigenia , Suelen Gama da Cruz Pâmela , Da Silva Martins Deise , Fontão Abdalla Coracini Lucas
Published: February 2023

Este é um relato de experiência referente às oficinas sobre Gênero, Sexualidade e Corpo ministradas na “UNICAMP de Portas Abertas” (UPA-2022), evento em que estudantes do Ensino Médio, seus familiares e profissionais da Educação visitaram a universidade. Aqui há a descrição das oficinas produzidas interdisciplinarmente por graduandos e pós-graduandos da Música, História, Psicologia, Dança e Educação Física, mostrando os objetivos, as atividades desenvolvidas e os resultados à luz dos responsáveis por cada uma delas. Analítica e metodologicamente, dialoga-se com Altmann (2015), Meyer (2017), Butler (2019) etc. Segundo os graduandos, pós-graduandos e a orientadora das oficinas, foi constatada uma relação dialógica com o público assistido, observando-se que as exposições e interações com os conteúdos, os relatos de vivências e os pontos de vistas evidenciaram a urgência da temática dentro e fora das escolas públicas e particulares, em demandas curriculares, familiares, juvenis, midiáticas e identitárias.