bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prendre la clef des champs
Authors: d’Allens Gaspard , Leclair Lucile
Published: November 2015

On ne naît plus agriculteur, on le devient. Aujourd’hui, un nombre croissant d’individus se reconvertit dans le secteur agricole et tente l’aventure de la néoruralité. Anciens infirmiers, avocats, ouvriers ou commerciaux, ils se revendiquent paysans, s’approprient les gestes et les savoir-faire pour mieux les réinventer. Au-delà du fait divers, de l’anecdotique changement de vie, un mouvement de fond émerge et entre dans les fissures du monde agricole conventionnel. Ils sont plus d’un millier à franchir le pas chaque année. Orphelins de la terre, marginalisés par le corporatisme, ces nouveaux paysans peinent cependant à faire système. Comment articuler transformation individuelle et transformation sociale ? L’essaimage de ces alternatives locales parviendra-t-il à bouleverser notre modèle agricole ? Cet article est issu d’un travail d’enquête mené auprès d’une cinquantaine d’agriculteurs à travers la France. L’approche adoptée est résolument qualitative, elle privilégie le temps long de l’immersion et donne une place centrale à la parole des acteurs.
Potentiels démographiques pour des alternatives dans les campagnes françaises
Authors: Pistre Pierre
Published: November 2015

À partir de plusieurs sources de données publiques, dont le dernier recensement de la population, l’auteur souligne la diversité démographique et économique des campagnes françaises d’aujourd’hui. L’évolution de ces contextes spatiaux est souvent mal connue ou caricaturée. Le constat d’une croissance de la population dans une majorité de territoires de campagne, même isolés, du fait de l’installation de nouveaux habitants, tranche avec l’idée répandue de « désertification démographique ». Ces dynamiques, pour partie, sont liées aux projets alternatifs qui se développent aujourd’hui dans ces territoires.
Vitalité politique sur le plateau de Millevaches
Authors: Cottin-Marx Simon
Published: November 2015

Le plateau de Millevaches dans le Limousin est un territoire emblématique mais néanmoins relégué : majoritairement constitué de villages ruraux isolés, il a été en voie de désertification pendant plusieurs décennies. À cause de sa faible densité de peuplement, les services publics y sont de moins en moins présents. La coordination des associations De Fil en Réseaux 1 est active sur le territoire depuis dix ans et fédère les multiples initiatives qui s’y développent, autour de « l’utopie commune d’un territoire vivant ». Elle entend démontrer par la pratique que le territoire de la montagne limousine est devenu, en dépit d’un contexte plutôt défavorable, un espace privilégié d’innovation dans les politiques publiques, porteur d’alternatives dans le champ de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Dans cet entretien, Lucie Berthier, animatrice-coordinatrice de l’association De Fil en Réseaux , revient sur les réponses apportées aux spécificités de la situation du plateau de Millevaches, grâce à un travail commun sur la résilience du territoire. De la politique d’accueil des nouveaux arrivants au travail sur l’accessibilité du logement, l’objectif est de revitaliser le territoire en soutenant l’émergence et la réalisation des projets.
Toutes les luttes mènent au Larzac
Authors: Guichard Suzie , Martinez Laurent
Published: November 2015

La lutte sur le plateau du Larzac contre l’extension d’un camp militaire est sans doute la lutte sociale en milieu rural la plus emblématique de la seconde moitié du XX e  siècle. Mais quels parallèles peut-on faire entre le combat du Larzac et des foyers de résistance plus récents comme Notre-Dame-des-Landes ou Sivens ? Christian Roqueirol, « ancien du Larzac », paysan et militant, est arrivé sur le plateau en 1972, pour participer à la lutte d’abord, puis finalement pour y vivre et y travailler comme paysan. Il revient pour la revue sur son engagement, mettant en dialogue l’activisme du plateau et les mouvements zadistes actuels.
Magnus Hirschfeld, Helene Deutsch, Sigmund Freud et les trois femmes combattantes
Authors: Tréhel Gilles
Published: November 2015

Magnus Hirschfeld fut un médecin proche de la psychanalyse. Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, ce sexologue de renom fait état d’une femme portant des habits militaires : une femme soldat. Il utilise ce cas pour illustrer le travestissement. Voici un autre cas. Helene Deutsch s’initie à la psychanalyse à la fin de la guerre. Psychiatre, elle fait l’expertise d’une femme revêtant les habits d’un homme, une légionnaire. Helene Deutsch mentionne cette femme par deux fois dans un article sur le mensonge et dans un passage sur l’homosexualité. Il nous faut compter un troisième cas. Dans les mêmes années, Sigmund Freud, médecin neurologue et créateur de la psychanalyse, s’appuie sur un cas semblable de femme revêtant une armure. L’histoire de cette femme, empruntée à la littérature, lui sert pour illustrer le principe de répétition. Cette proximité, chez des médecins ayant partagé les mêmes théories, de trois femmes revêtant l’apparat masculin, trois femmes combattantes, à la même période, laisse supposer un lien entre les auteurs sur ce thème
Isabel de Villena i família: una reconsideració biogràfica
Authors: Cantavella Rosanna
Published: November 2015

[ct] Aquest article pretèn sistematitzar les notícies historiogràfiques de les últimes dècades en allò que pot ser aplicat a augmentar el nostre coneixement de la vida d’Isabel de Villena. En primer lloc es mostra que, lluny de ser una orfeneta desvalguda, la fi lla d’Enric de Villena comptava amb una signifi cativa xarxa d’oncles, ties i cosins, i aquesta ajuda a entendre l’opció de l’autora pel franciscanisme. En la segona part s’analitzen les autèntiques raons de per què Isabel de Villena, que comptava amb una considerable fortuna, va ser integrada a la cort de la reina Maria a la mort del seu pare, que havia estat desterrat pels Trastàmares: com a filla de l’últim descendent masculí legítim d’un dels aspirants al tron d’Aragó a la mort de Martí l’Humà, el seu futur havia de ser supervisat amb compte.
El obispado de Burgos en la Baja Edad Media. Formas de fortalecer su jurisdicción frente al monasterio de San Salvador de Oña
Authors: Díez Herrera Carmen
Published: November 2015

Se consideran los diferentes procedimientos que desarrolló el obispado de Burgos en la Baja Edad Media para intentar implantar su jurisdicción en las iglesias de su diócesis frente a las competencias desempeñadas por monasterios como San Salvador de Oña en sus iglesias y monasterios dependientes. Un pleito establecido entre la abadía de San Salvador de Oña y los clérigos de la iglesia de Santa Eulalia de Liencres (Cantabria) sirve para poner de relieve alguno de esos procedimientos utilizados por el obispado de Burgos para intentar imponer su autoridad en una iglesia monasterial parroquial al favorecer, a petición de los hijos de la villa, su transformación en iglesia parroquial difusa. Este artículo ayuda a definir el concepto de iglesia difusa a la vez que revela el conflictivo camino que tuvo que recorrer la institución episcopal hasta conseguir el reconocimiento efectivo de sus derechos.
Imagen y propaganda en las primeras amonedaciones del rey de Aragón
Authors: Serrano Coll Marta
Published: November 2015

Este estudio analiza parte del repertorio iconográfico que contribuyó a reafirmar y fortalecer el poder real de uno de los más emblemáticos reyes de Aragón de finales del siglo XI: Sancho Ramírez. Además de profundizar sobre las efigies estampadas en sus primeras monedas, efectivo vehículo de propaganda, se abordará otro elemento que alcanzó una trascendencia simbólica sólo explicable en relación con esta regia institución que, a su vez, la promocionaba: la cruz, que ahora se convertirá en elemento de proclamación monárquica. Además de examinar las motivaciones políticas que subyacen bajo estas representaciones, se evidenciará la relevancia del condado de Urgell y, en relación con él, la personalidad de doña Sancha, sobre la que tanto merecería profundizar.
Hydrodynamic Study of Bubbles in a Bubble Column Reactor Part I – Image Processing
Authors: Naveen S. , Sriram T. , Prithvi Raj S. , Venkatesan M.
Published: November 2015

The study of bubble column reactors has its significance in applications such as multiphase reactors, aerators and in industrial waste-water treatment. Extensive works has been done in studying the hydrodynamics of a single gas bubble flowing through stationary liquid phase. The natural breakup of bubble during its motion has been studied in the past. In the Part I of the present work, hydrodynamics of an air bubble after its artificial splitting using a stainless steel mesh is experimentally studied using image processing and high speed photography. The significance of bubble splitting is that it increases the surface area of contact between stationery and moving fluid which in turn increases the rate of reaction desired during the process. The motion of the bubble is captured during its release and after splitting using High-Speed Camera. The velocity, area and diameter of the bubble before and after splitting are calculated by applying Image processing technique on the high speed photograph. The splitting of the bubble is found to vary with the superficial gaseous velocity. The splitting of bubbles into two bubbles of nearly equal size is considered and its hydrodynamic characteristics are studied.
Modelling and Workspace Analysis of Parallel-Serial Hybrid Manipulator
Authors: Abhishek S. , Bellary Monika , Keerthana M. , Srinivasan V.S. , Varun A. , Dash Anjan Kumar
Published: November 2015

The workspace and load bearing involved in a given operation are the deciding criteria for choosing the size and type of the manipulator that has to be used. The hybrid manipulator, which is a serial manipulator mounted on top of a parallel manipulator, derives benefits from both, such as better rigidity from the parallel manipulator and better dexterity from the serial manipulator. In this paper, comparative study of workspace and effectiveness of a hybrid manipulator is done to bring out its advantages, in comparison to a parallel or a serial manipulator. The workspace is determined using geometrical techniques. The effect of having inclined links and its impact on the load bearing capacity of the manipulator is also studied. Serial manipulators on top of mobile robots are used in nuclear power plants to replace spent fuel rod. The serial manipulators have lesser load bearing capacity than hybrid manipulators. By, using a hybrid manipulator, the load bearing capacity is improved.
Study of Free Vibration Characteristics of Carbon Epoxy Based Composite Beams
Authors: Ramesh Rajagopal , Balasubramanian Siddharth , Senthamaraikannan Chinnasamy
Published: November 2015

Carbon fibers find their application in lightweight structures due to high strength to weight ratio. Passive damping is proving important for vibration control and dynamic stability in advanced engineering systems like aerospace, automobiles and in ship building industry. In the present investigation, Mechanical properties and free vibration characteristics of woven fabric carbon composites were studied by adding micro rubber alone as reinforcement and combination of micro rubber and nanosilica particles as other reinforcements in epoxy matrix. Carbon composites were prepared with two different epoxy matrices containing 9 wt. % micro rubber particle and 6wt. % nanosilica and 9 wt. % micro rubber particles as another combination. To study the influence of cross sectional shapes on vibration behavior of beams, most widely used structural shapes like I, Box and Channel section were chosen. Beams were fabricated with woven carbon fabric and epoxy resin by hand layup technique by maintaining 40 % fiber volume fraction and 60 % matrix volume fraction for all epoxy combinations. Mechanical behavior of modified carbon composites were studied by conducting tests as prescribed by ASTM standards. Vibration damping behavior was studied by subjecting fabricated beams to Impulse frequency response test under cantilever end boundary conditions. It was found that the hybrid carbon epoxy beams with 6% nanoSilica and 9% Micro Rubber by weight showed better damping performance for successive resonance frequencies. Modal responses of all beams like mode shapes and their corresponding natural frequencies were extracted using MEScopeVES® software and discussed.
Workspace Analysis and Optimization of 3-RRR Planar Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Narayanan Sathya , Dash Anjan Kumar
Published: November 2015

Predicting shape and finding out exact area of the workspace of 3-DOF planar parallel manipulator having three rotary joints has been a research topic for long time. Optimal design based on such calculations provides a conclusive design methodology. In this work, geometrical method is used o get the exact shape of the workspace and expression of area for the shape obtained. The 3-DOF parallel manipulator is treated as a combination of three independent serial manipulators and its workspace as the common intersection area of these three serial manipulators. The three workspaces are then translated by length equal to radius of the end effecter and the common intersection area is obtained as the workspace of the parallel manipulator under study. The area is determined using the mathematical expression for the shape obtained. Based on direct search algorithm, a methodology is developed to optimize the area. Thus, following, this methodology, an user with specification of area of the workspace can be provided with an optimized parallel manipulator taking into account the inventory of link lengths and the cost of the links.
Analysis of Fluid Structure Interaction in High Pressure Elbow Pipe Connections
Authors: Naveen Janjanam , Eswara Kumar A. , Nagaraju M.
Published: November 2015

Pipes in power plants generally subjected to high pressures and temperatures. These are connected by elbow, T-joints to get the continuity between different stages. Due to excessive joints the outlet velocity and pressure will drops by considerable amount. Stresses will be produced due to high pressure and temperature of fluid flow, which in turn creates the failure of the pipes. The turbulence of the fluid passing through the pipes will also plays a vital role to decide the outlet pressure and velocity. In this present study pipes are connected by the elbow joint are considered and observed the effect of pipe thickness, turbulence intensity and length of elbow on outlet pressure, velocity, von mises stress and turbulence kinetic energy. It results that with increase in pipe thickness and length of elbow, the velocity, von mises stress and turbulence kinetic energy are decreases but with increase in turbulence intensity, the velocity and turbulence kinetic energy are increases.
Experimental Investigation of Composite Desiccant Wheel Dehumidifier
Authors: Dipinlal P.D. , Shankara Narayanan S. , Ramanathan Seranthian , Prabhu S.
Published: November 2015

Desiccant wheel dehumidifier is filled with solid desiccants, looks like a honeycomb structure which is open on both ends. Air is allowed to pass through the honeycomb passages, giving moisture to the solid desiccant contained in the wheel. The wheel constantly rotates through two separate air streams. The first air stream, called the process air is dried by the desiccant. The second air stream, called reactivation or regeneration air is heated and dries the desiccant. The combination of desiccant materials such as chloride desiccant and organic desiccant is used here and dehumidification in the composite desiccant wheel has been studied experimentally. In this work, study performance of composite desiccant wheel with different air velocities, regeneration temperatures and at different inlet conditions was conducted and calculated the different performance indices of the desiccant wheel dehumidifier such as Dehumidification Effectiveness and Dehumidification Coefficient of Performance (DCOP).
Cyclic Behaviour of High Performance Concrete Beams Strengthened with GFRP Sheets
Authors: Seshadri Sekhar N. , Raghunath P.N. , Govindarajalu D. , Suguna K.
Published: November 2015

This paper indicates the difference between the strengthened reinforced high performance concrete beams and the normal reinforced high performance concrete beams. This paper shows the cyclic behaviour of the two types of beams. Experimental investigations were carried out on reinforced High Performance Concrete (HPC) beams of size 150 mm × 250 mm × 3000 mm under both static loading and cyclic loading separately under four point bending. It was observed that the trend in behaviour of the load-deflection curve of the beams was showing the same trend of normal reinforced concrete beams under static loading. In static loading the strain energy absorbed by the beams were observed to be the same as calculated with the area under the load-deflection curve. Other beam was tested under cyclic load separately. The load applied was 35% of static ultimate load which was uniform throughout the fatigue testing of the beams. It was observed that the deflections were increased with the number of cycles. Some of the beams were strengthened by different types and thickness of the GFRP sheets. It was also observed that the strengthened beams withstood more number of cycles than normal HPC beams. The paper presents in detail the experimental investigations conducted on beams and pertinent conclusions drawn therefrom.
Marked Graph of Four Work Station Automated Manufacturing System and Sign Incidence Matrix
Authors: Balaji P. , Rangarajan K. , Tamilmozhi M.
Published: November 2015

In this paper we take the marked graph of Four Work Station Automated Manufacturing System and analyze it using sign incidence matrix. By the Analysis we found a number of places which are both siphon and trap.
Application of Lean Six Sigma Tools for Reduction of Defects in Pump Manufacturing
Authors: Ramakrishnan V. , Jayaprakash J.
Published: November 2015

Lean Six Sigma tools are widely being applied in various manufacturing units of different sizes; still there is an apprehension among the industry regarding the benefits reaped from the implementation of this tool. Under this background, this paper attempts to explain the benefits of these tools implemented in a medium scale unit to improve a particular process. The various steps involved in implementation and the results are analyzed for the purpose of this study and explained in this paper.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Based Metal Matrix Composites by Hybrid Reinforcement
Authors: Arun K.S. , Panneerselvam T. , Raghuraman S.
Published: November 2015

Now a day’s Hybrid Metal Matrix composites has a large number of applications in automobiles, aircrafts and structural applications like brake rotors, engine parts and cylinder liners. The aim of this study is to determine the mechanical properties of boron carbide (B4C) and zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) particulate reinforced with AA6063 alloy composites. In this experimental study, B4C and ZrSiO4 particulates reinforced with AA6063 composites were manufactured by stir casting technique. Mechanical properties of these composite materials were investigated by different weight percentages, 3%, 6%, 9% of boron carbide (B4C) and 9%, 6%, 3% of zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) respectively. The mechanical properties evaluation reveals variations in hardness and the tensile strength values with the composite combinations investigated in this work. From the experimental studies, the optimum volume fraction of hybrid reinforcement in AA6063 alloy on the basis of mechanical properties and SEM analysis is also determined.
Knowledge Gap and its Impact on Product and Process Quality
Authors: Ramanan Lakshminarayanan , Kumar Muniratnam , Ramanakumar K.P.V.
Published: November 2015

Quality is an important dimension or factor in any process or product. Success of the product or process depends on the application of knowledge assimilated on various subjects from theory into actual application; otherwise it would result into a quality defect, as a consequence of knowledge gap. One such quality defect in the product and the process is conversion of student into an Engineer by the Engineering Educational Institution is lower employability, a concern for society, employers and stake holders of the educational process. Causes for such defect, are multi-dimensional, requiring a multi-pronged approach in developing solutions. Regulatory bodies like AICTE, Industrial bodies like CII etc. in India, are working towards delivering solutions at the macro level of the Nation, while the issue also requires solutions to be deployed at the micro level of Institutions. Focus of this research work is to address one such element related to measurement of Quality dimension, quantify such knowledge gap with practicing professionals of the Industry, identify their significant presence by experience segments and relate them with student’s knowledge gap for similar element / dimension as found in literature. The work delivers a simple model which can be adopted in educational institutions that shall benefit the Industry and Engineering graduates. The scope of this work also includes explaining high level process map of the educational process with SIPOC and COPIS Quality model of Six Sigma in bringing out the complexity in educational process. This research work is a part of the ongoing research of the first author.
Multi-Objective Optimization Problems in Taguchi Parameter Design – A Literature Review
Authors: Rajarasalnath S. , Balasubramanian K. , Rajeswari N.
Published: November 2015

With the advent of latest technology, manufacturing process becomes so sophisticated and complicated that a single response variable (quality characteristic) can not reflect the true product quality and there is intense competition between market participants for cost and delivery (productivity) as well. Any manufacturing process in the present state requires multi objective optimization model to optimize quality, cost and productivity simultaneously. Optimum prediction is critical as it requires lot of experiments for data capturing which involves time and cost. In the present manufacturing set up, it is essential to identify optimum parametric combination for multi objective function real time problems with lesser experiments and lesser effort with better accuracy. Taguchi method is a well known fraction factorial design, which requires minimum number of trials for Identifying optimum parametric combination in real time problems.In this paper an attempt is made to review the literatures of various methods used by researchers for multi - objective optimization problems using Taguchi methods.
Solving a Reverse Supply Chain TSP by Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Tatavarthy Srinivas Rao , Sampangi Gopi
Published: November 2015

Stringent legislative, social concerns & clean carbon emissions are constraining companies to take a fresh look at the impact of supply chain operations on environment, society and individuals when designing reverse supply chain networks. A challenging task in today’s globalised environment where companies mandatorily have to collect back goods after its reliable life is making companies integrate supply chain decisions objective here is to minimize transportation cost and distance. In this paper problem of designing a TSP (Travelling Sales man problem) is addressed which is one of the NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization. Computational experiments conducted with GA (Genetic algorithm) on large and small size TSP cases where compared with NNA (Nearest neighboring algorithm) and have proved that the GA provides optimal tour every time in reasonable time by outperforming the NNA solution when number of cities are increased.
Synthesis of Metal Matrix Hybrid Composites and Evaluation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties
Authors: Siddesh Kumar N.G. , Shiva Shankar G.S. , Basavarajappa S.
Published: November 2015

In this study, B4C and MoS2 were taken as reinforcements and Al2219 as matrix material. The hybrid MMC’s were produced by stir casting technique and Mechanical,Tribological properties of aluminium metal matrix hybrid composites was studied. K2TiF6 halide salt with 0.4Ti/B4C ratio were taken to improve the wettablity of composites.The hybrid composites were characterized by using SEM and XRD.The result reviles that, the fairly distribution of B4Cp and MoS2 right through the image and no clustering can be seen.XRD pattern shows the occurrence of B4C and MoS2 in prepared composites. The Physical and Mechanical properties were determined for Al2219 and hybrid composites. Micro Vickers Hardness of matrix material is low and for hybrid composite is high. Ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of prepared hybrid composites is low when compared to Al2219; it is generally due to crack propagation and particle pull out of MoS2 particle.The dry sliding wear behavior were examine by pin-on disc tribometer for different sliding velocities and test result reviles the specific wear rate is minimum for 1.26 m/s and maximum for 6.30 m/s, as the sliding velocity increases the specific wear rate increases. Tensile fractured surface and worn surface pin samplesof Al2219 and hybrid MMC’s were examine using SEM micrograph
Characteristic Investigations on Loofah, Jute and Glass Fiber Reinforced Sandwich Polymeric Composites
Authors: Vinayagamoorthy R. , Sivanarasimha S. , Vinay Kumar K.R. , Padmanabhan Vijay
Published: November 2015

In this study, new biodegradable composites were developed with loofah, jute and commercial E-glass as reinforcing fibers and poly ester as the resin. Loofah fibers are preheated with distilled water and alkali followed by heat treatment in order to enhance its surface properties. Four composite materials are prepared by varying the proportions of natural and glass fibers in each and maintaining the resin content as a constant. The specimens were subjected to testing of mechanical properties namely tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength and impact strength. The results revealed that the mechanical properties like tensile, flexural and impact strengths were high when proportions of all fibers are equal. Also, compressive strength was higher with sample containing only loofah fibers.
A Study of Corrosive Behavior of Al6061 Plasma Sprayed with Titania and Inconel 718
Authors: Ramesh C.S. , Suresh Kumar R. , Dilip Maruthi G. , Faizan Mohammed
Published: November 2015

Al6061 has immense use in manufacture of several internal combustion engine parts as well. However the internal parts of an IC engine manufactured using Al6061 are susceptible to corrosion. Water may condense on the cylinder walls or move across the piston rings owing to blow-by and thus be admitted into the crankcase. This usually occurs in cold environment or short duration drive since pertaining to these conditions the engine may still be not hot enough to get rid of this water by evaporation. Upon amalgamation of this condensed water with the sulphur present in considerable quantities especially in low-grade fuels, sulphuric acid is formed thereby leading to a localized corrosion enhancing corrosive environment. In this work, TiO2 and Inconel 718 are plasma sprayed on Al6061 specimen and their ability to protect against corrosion is studied and observed that the corrosion resistance of specimen coated with TiO2 has improved by a considerable margin.
Application of Sericin on Polyester Fabric
Authors: Kamalraj Dasarathan , Subramaniam V.
Published: November 2015

Sericin is a natural protein which is removed from silk in a process called degumming. In India, 250-300 tons of sericin is extracted per year and goes as waste, it has wide range of application because of its properties like antioxidant, antibacterial, UV resistant, anticoagulant and moisture retention capacity. This paper is concerned with the application of sericin on polyester fabrics using cross linking agents like di-methylol di-hydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU) and glutaraldehyde. The Polyester fabrics are pretreated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and low temperature plasma (Oxygen gas). This pretreated sericin applied polyester fabrics show the better improvement in the wicking (moistureabsorbency) and good dye uptake properties on acid dyed fabric and it will be used for medical application.
Determination of Mechanical Properties on Aluminium with 5% Copper Powder Metallurgy Route Compacts through Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Sadhasivam M. , Pravin T. , Raghuraman S.
Published: November 2015

The need for super-plasticity and high strength leads to the development of Severe Plastic Deformation technique. The strength of the material is directly dependent upon the grain size of the material. So, there is a need for producing Ultra-Fine Grain microstructure (UFG). UFG material is the material with very small grain size in the range of sub-micrometre. Application of severe plastic deformation, imparts extremely high strain. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a severe plastic deformation process in which the metal specimen is pressed through an angular channel of equal cross section. The material is subjected to shear deformation and strain is imparted in the specimen. Geometric parameters such as channel angle and corner angle play a major role in grain refinement. Aluminium (Al) specimens are subjected to undergo severe plastic deformation. Since, the strength of Al is not high, other materials are added in order to enhance its mechanical properties by matrix work hardening. Copper (Cu) along with Al shows increase in its strength and also in hardness. An attempt is made with Aluminium and copper, blended in the ratio 95:5 by weight with the main objective to study the Tensile strength, Hardness and Percentage Elongation properties of the specimen.
Determination of Transformation Temperatures of SMAs by Varying the Force Using Dead Weight Method
Authors: Jadhav Kiran D. , Mallikarjun U.S. , Adarsh S.H. , Prashantha S.
Published: November 2015

Shape-memory material is an alloy that “Remembers” its original shape and that when deformed to its Pre-deformed shape when heated. Phase transformation temperature is one of the most important parameters for the shape memory alloys. In this present work phase transformation temperature is measured by the dead weight method and compared with standard Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method.
The objective of this paper is to study the microstructure of the Shape memory alloy (SMA) wire, determining the Phase Transformation temperature of NiTinol alloy i.e. Marteniste start (Ms), Martensite finish (Mf), Austenite Start (As), Austenite finish (Af) by a Dead Weight method and also studying the stress-strain behavior with variation of Temperatures to show the Shape memory effect in the NiTinol SMA wire.
Friction Force Behavior in Dry Sliding of Inconel 600 Alloy Using Taguchi Method and Regression Analysis
Authors: Banker Vaishal J. , Mistry Jitendra M.
Published: November 2015

The aim of the paper is to study friction force behavior by experimental investigation in the sliding of Inconel 600 alloy. The Inconel alloys are high-temperature Ni-Based alloy which have various applications like gas turbines, heat exchangers, condensers etc. The sliding tests are performed on a pin-on-disc tribometer. The Design of experiments technique is used to find out the number of experiments by using Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array which is developed in MINTAB 14 software. The experiments were reduced for the various combinations to get the optimal parameters. The results showed that the friction force increases with the increase of load and speed. Also it is found that the speed was most significant parameter affecting frictional force. The regression model helps us to model the values for the responses.
Measurement of Hardness and Wear Properties of Al Alloy with Addition of Ni
Authors: Nidhin Raj A. , Sellamuthu R.
Published: November 2015

An investigation on the impact of aging on the hardness and wear properties of the Al-Mg-Si alloy with Ni addition was carried out. Al base alloy was melted in an electric furnace and 10wt%Ni was added to the melt. The melt was cast in a metal mould. The cast specimens were solutionized and aged at various temperatures. The microstructure was observed using an optical microscope. The hardness, wear rate and CoF were determined. The eutectic Si morphology was refined. An optimum aging temperature (165 °C) was found to exist for the Ni-modified alloy. The hardness increased (by 4.5%), wear rate decreased (by 96%) and CoF remained at a constant value for the Ni modified alloy compared to the base alloy. It is concluded that the Ni addition significantly improves the properties of the base alloy.
Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys 2219 to 5083
Authors: Koilraj M. , Sathesh Kumar A. , Belgin Paul D.L. , Koteswara Rao S.R.
Published: November 2015

In this paper, 6 mm thickness dissimilar aluminium alloys of 5083 (H321) and 2219 (O) butt joints were fabricated successfully by friction stir welding process. The quality joints were obtained for the welding parameters of 35 mm/min and 650 rpm with the shoulder diameter to pin diameter ratio as 3. Macrostructure study shows that the interface between the weld nugget and TMAZ is smooth and clear with a flow arm extending towards the top surface of the weld in the 2219 side. The boundary on the 5083 side between the weld nugget and the TMAZ was irregular. The obtained joint efficiency is around 92.57% based on the UTS of the softer material (AA2219). The tensile test results showed that the specimens failed in the heat affected zone of the softer base material 2219. The hardness values in the stirred zone are higher than the softer base material of alloy 2219. The friction stir welded dissimilar joint 2219-5083 exhibited better general corrosion characteristics than the 2219-2219 weld and 2219 base material.
Mechanical Properties of Al2O3 Reinforced Cast and Hot Extruded Al Based Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Ghanaraja S. , Vinuth Kumar K.L. , Ravikumar K.S. , Madhusudan B.M.
Published: November 2015

The Synthesis of aluminium matrix composites is receiving considerable emphasis in meeting the requirements of various industries. Due to the desired properties such as low weight, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and excellent wear resistance, they have received a great interest in the recent years. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) based on aluminium and magnesium has emerged as an important class of materials and Al2O3 can be considered as ideal reinforcements, due to their high strength, high aspect ratio and thermo-mechanical properties. The objective of this work is to reinforce Al 1100-Mg alloy with different wt% of Al2O3 (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12) was added by melt stirring method and Extrusion is carried out (extrusion ratio of 12.25) for the same alloy and composites. Mechanical property like hardness and tensile properties have been investigated for cast and extruded of base alloy and composites.
Microstructure and Shape Memory Effect of Cu-Al-Be-Mn Quaternary Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Shivasiddaramaiah A.G. , Prashant Singh , Manjunath S.Y. , Mallikarjun U.S.
Published: November 2015

Copper based shape memory alloys are the alloys prepared with the combination of 66-88 wt% of copper, 10-14 wt% of aluminum, 0.3-0.6 wt% of beryllium and 0.1-0.4 wt% of manganese in the induction furnace through ingot metallurgy. The prepared SMAs is subjected to homogenization, it was observed that the samples exhibits Beta phase at high temperature and shape memory effect after going through step quenching to a low temperature. Microstructure and Shape memory effect was studied with the help of optical microscope and bend test respectively. It was seen that with increase in wt % of manganese the shape memory effect also increases.
Optimization of Dry Sliding Wear Parameters of MWCNT Reinforced Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) Composites
Authors: Rajmohan T. , Kumar D. , Manimaran S.
Published: November 2015

Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) becomes one of the most promising polymer material for the tribological applications because of its outstanding performance such as high mechanical properties, high chemical resistance, and high wear resistance. The present work is focused on optimization of dry sliding wear parameters of MWCNT reinforced PEEK matrix composites using RSM based desirability approach. The materials used for the present investigation are unreinforced PEEK and reinforced with 0.5% and 1% MWCNT. Wear parameters such as load, sliding speed and % of MWCNT are chosen as control factors to optimize the wear loss and coefficient of friction. An experimental plan of a L9 based on Taguchi design is employed to carry out the experimental study. After conducting experiment, mathematical models have been developed to fit the output responses using Response surface methodology and drilling parameters have been optimized using Desirability based approach. This methodology deals with the development of modelling equations for each response. The relative significance of the various parameters has been found using ANOVA.
Structural Properties of Size Variation of Nanocrystallites
Authors: Chellamal S. , Karthikeyan A.P. , Harsha P. , Manivannan S.
Published: November 2015

Silver doped cadmium sulphide nanocrystallites (CdS:Ag), undoped cadmium sulphide nanocrystallites (CdS), have been synthesized by the chemical precipitation method. Nanocrystalline materials are confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy method. The presented elements are identified by EDAX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis). X-ray diffraction Method (XRD) is used to calculate the average size of the prepared sample. Morphological studies (SEM) are used to analyse the nature of the sample. The results are reported in this paper.
Variation in Transformation Temperature and Shape Memory Effect in Cu-Al-Be Shape Memory Alloys with the Effect of Quaternary Elements
Authors: Prashantha S. , Shashidhara S.M. , Mallikarjun U.S. , Shivasiddaramaiah A.G.
Published: November 2015

Cu-Al-Be Ternary alloys are prepared by ingot metallurgy route, which exhibits parent phase or Austenite phase at high temperature and Martensite phase at low temperature and also exhibits shape memory effect upon quenching to lower temperature. The Cu-Al-Be SMA was in the range of 10-12wt% of Al and 0.4-0.5 wt% of Be is chosen for present study and different amount of quaternary element is added to the ternary alloy. The variation in shape memory effect, transformation temperature and microstructure is studied by using bend test, differential scanning calorimeter and Optical microscope.
Effect of Chemical Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Banana and Abaca Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Krishnakumar B. , Panneerselvam T. , Raghuraman S.
Published: November 2015

In materials industries, composite is an emerging material known for its low weight - high strength. The composite is a material that contains two different phases in order to create particular properties. The synthetic composites require a large quantum of energy and also the environment is being affected due to the pollution generated during the production and recycling. This draws the attention to use natural fibers as it is lower in cost and biodegradable. In this work, the chemical treatments of the banana and abaca natural fibers are carried out to modify the surface, stop the moisture absorption and improves the adhesion. The chemical treatment is carried out for both fibers separately in 10% concentrated sodium hydroxide for a duration of five hours and 5% concentrated potassium permanganate for a duration of two hours. The composite materials are fabricated using treated fiber and untreated fiber individually with general polymer resin by the hand lay-up process. The fabricated composites are tested to evaluate mechanical properties such as tensile, impact and flexural strength as per the ASTM standards. The mechanical properties of the treated fiber and untreated fiber are compared and it is found that the mechanical properties have been significantly improved due to the chemical treatment.
A Review of Micro Hardness Measurement in Turning Operation
Authors: Singaravel B. , Selvaraj Thangiah
Published: November 2015

Surface integrity estimation is used to enhance the functional behavior of the machined component. Enhancement of surface integrity in a turning operation by one of the reliable factor is micro hardness. Micro hardness measurement used to measure the degree of work hardening, sub surface alteration, functional attribute and analyzes the difference between machining affected zone and bulk material. The objective of this present work is an effort to review some of the importance of micro hardness measurement done in turning operation. In conclusion a summary of the importance of micro hardness measurement is outlined.
Analysis of Tool Wear while Milling Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Arun Premnath A. , Suryatheja P. , Srinath A. , Karthikeyan S.
Published: November 2015

In the present work, an attempt has been made to analyze the factors influencing tool wear while milling Al/Al2O3/Gr particulate composites. Materials used for the present investigation are Al 6061-aluminium alloy reinforced with alumina (Al2O3) of size 45 microns and graphite (Gr) of an average size 60 microns, which are produced by stir casting route. Central composite design (CCD) was employed in developing the tool wear model in relation to machining parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed, depth of cut and weight fraction of Alumina. From the Analysis of variance (ANOVA), it is found that feed is the dominant parameter for tool wear whereas weight fraction of alumina shows minimal effect on tool wear compared to other parameters. From the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the Al2O3 and Gr particles get adhered to the tool surface owing to the high pressure generated at the tool-workpiece interface.
Effect of Chitosan Particle Addition on the Tensile and Flexural Strength of Coir Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Rajamuneeswaran S. , Jayabal S. , Kalyana Sundaram S. , Balaji N.S. , Ramkumar P.
Published: November 2015

The influence of chitosan impregnation on the tensile and flexural strength of the short coir fiber reinforced polyester composites were studied in this investigation. The chitosan fillers were dispersed in polyester matrix, and laminates were prepared by reinforcing coir fibers in chitosan –polyester matrix. The composites were fabricated by varying filler content, fiber content and fiber length in three levels and their influence on tensile and flexural strength of the composites were studied. The composites with fiber length 30 mm, filler content 4% and fiber content 25% showed better values tensile (23 MPa) and at the same time the flexural strength (28MPa) of the composite was observed to be better with fiber length 30 mm, filler content 4 % and fiber content 25%.
Effect of Powder Concentration in EDM Process with Powder-Mixed Dielectric (PMD-EDM)
Authors: Gosai Nipun , Joshi Anand
Published: November 2015

Ti–6Al–4V is widely used in the aerospace, automobile, and biomedical fields, but is a difficult to machine material. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is regarded as one of the most effective approaches to machining Ti–6Al–4V alloy, since it is a noncontact electro-thermal machining method, and it is independent from the mechanical properties of the processed material. In electro discharge machining (EDM), dielectric plays an important role during machining operation. The machining characteristics are greatly influenced by the nature of dielectric used during EDM machining. In present paper silicon powder suspended kerosene as dielectric is used to explore the influence of these dielectrics on the performance criteria such as material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (Ra) during machining of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time and concentration of powders added into dielectric fluid of EDM were chosen as process parameters to study the PMEDM performance in terms of MRR, TWR and Ra. The experiments were carried out in planning mode on a specially designed experimental set up developed in laboratory. Response surface methodology, employing a face-centered central composite design scheme has been used to plan and analyze the experiments.
Improving Machinability in Conventional Turning of Ti-6Al-4V Using Work Piece Pre-Heating with Standard Cutting Tools
Authors: Sultan F. Abdullah , Panneer R.
Published: November 2015

Machining hard to machine materials using conventional method of machining has proved to be very costly as these materials greatly affect the tool life because of poor machinability. One material that requires considerable study is Titanium which is a relatively lightweight material and provides excellent mechanical properties. The major problems in machining Titanium Alloys are the high cutting temperatures and rapid tool wear. Machining of Titanium using techniques like Laser Assisted Machining and Plasma Assisted Machining have proven to give high productivity rates, but the costs associated are very high. The main objective of this work is to develop a method for improving the machinability of Ti-6Al-4V using Work Piece Pre-Heating technique by using Conventional Machining with standard tools. Design of experiments was performed using Taguchi’s robust design. The machining operation was performed at elevated temperatures using oxy-acetylene flame. The tools used are Coated and Uncoated Carbide Tools. Based on the tool wear values obtained with different cutting conditions, it is concluded that this technique is feasible with the coated and uncoated carbide tools to machine titanium components commercially.
Multiple Performance Optimization in WEDM Parameters Using Desirability Analysis
Authors: S Vijaya , Rajmohan T. , Giri Sesha Sai G.R. , Sandeep Kumar Reddy G.
Published: November 2015

In this article, the effect of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) parameters such as pulse-on time (TON), pulse-off time (TOFF), and wire feed (F) on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness in metal matrix composites (MMCs) consisting of aluminium alloy (A1356) silicon carbide (SiCp) and Mica is discussed. The Al 356 is reinforced with SiCp and Mica in the form of particulates. The experiments are carried out as per design of experiments approach using L9 orthogonal array. The optimum machining parameters have been identified by a composite desirability value obtained from desirability function analysis as the performance index, and significant contribution of parameters can then be determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Confirmation test is also conducted to validate the test result. Experimental results have shown that machining performance can be improved effectively through this approach. The results were analysed using analysis of variance and response graphs. It is found that different combinations of WEDM process parameters are required to achieve higher MRR and minimum surface roughness for composites. These results will be useful for manufacturing engineers to select appropriate WEDM process parameters to machine MMCs of Al 356 reinforced with SiC and Mica.