bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison between Ransons score and modified CTSI in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis based on modified Atlanta classification 2012
Authors: B. D. Manjunath , Ali Mohammed Arafath , Razack Abdul , H. R. Harindranath , K. Avinash , T. Kavya , Vijayakumar Lakshmi
Published: April 2019

Background: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreas with possible peripancreatic tissue and multiorgan involvement inducing multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) with a high mortality rateand hence early identification of patients at risk for severe disease is of vital importance.Methods: Data were collected from 50 patients who presented to the emergency department of hospitals attached to BMCRI, Bangalore, having acute pancreatitis.Results: The study included 50 patients- 40 males and 10 females and median patient age was 54.5years.Out of the 50 patients, 40% had gall stones, 56% were alcoholic and 4% had idiopathic pancreatitis.56% were found to have a Ransons score of >3 and 44% had score < 3; 52%had a modified CTSI score of 0-2, 52%had a score of 4-6 and 22% had a score of 8-10. The incidence of severe acute pancreatitis in patients with Ransons score >3 has a p value <0.002. Also, the incidence of severe acute pancreatitis in patients with modified CTSI score >4 has a p value of <0.001.With respect to mortality, all 4 patients who died had a modified CTSI score of >4 (p=0.002) and 3 patients had Ransons score >3 (p=0.03) which is statistically significant.Conclusions: In our country where facility for CECT is not available to a major proportion of population, early assessment of severe pancreatitis can be performed by Ransons scoring, which is found to be comparable to modified CTSI scoring.
Morphology of abdominal pain: the inside story; investigation of abdominal pain and its correlation with endoscopy and H. pylori status
Authors: Saxena M. K. , Rana Rooman Ahmad , Gupta Ashutosh , Ahmad Ausaf
Published: April 2019

Background: Pain in the abdomen especially upper abdomen is a common presentation in any clinicians OPD. It has a significant effect on the quality of life of the individual. Moreover, it is essential to exclude presence of H. pylori infection since it is known to have carcinogenic effect, as well as the propensity to develop duodenal ulcer. This study was undertaken to understand the association of the above-mentioned symptoms with endoscopic findings and with H. pylori infection, and to find out if there is significant correlation between the above-mentioned symptoms and presence or absence of H. pylori infection.Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study based on the upper GI endoscopies carried out in the institution. The period covered was from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2018. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were well defined. Data on patients presenting with symptoms of Gastritis, dyspepsia, epigastric pain and upper abdomen pain was studied.Results: The study showed association between age and H. pylori infection though it was not found to be statistically significant. The association between significant endoscopic finding and H. pylori was statistically significant (p>0.05) epigastric pain as a symptom was found to have strong Statistical significance with presence of H. pylori (p<0.05).Conclusions: Patients presenting with the symptoms of Gastritis, dyspepsia, epigastric pain and upper abdomen pain be investigated and endoscopy and biopsy for H. pylori should be part of protocol for their management.
Necrotizing fasciitis: diagnostic and prognostic value of laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis score
Authors: Soitkar Angir , Akhtar Murtaza , Choudhari Abhay , Deshmukh Satish
Published: April 2019

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a potentially life threatening disease. Delayed recognition and surgical intervention is directly linked to increased mortality. Laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) score, a laboratory oriented tool has potential to prevent morbidity and mortality but there exhibits a controversy regarding its utility which needs re-evaluation to prove it’s utility.Methods: A tertiary care hospital based observational study aims to evaluate diagnostic and prognostic value of LRINEC score. Patient above 18 years clinically diagnosed as SSTI and confirmed as NF histopathologically without co-morbidities were enrolled as subjects. Clinical evaluation and laboratory oriented LRINEC score were the study factors. Outcome factors were morbidity and mortality and histopathological confirmation of NF. Patients were analyzed as cellulitis and NF with identification of factors associated with NF; Univariate analysis with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and ROC plotting was done.Results: Total 166 patients were enrolled with mean age of 47.14±15.76 years and 2:1 is the male : female ratio and. A total of 117 patients were diagnosed as Cellulitis and 49 patients were NF. Clinically Discharge, fever and cuticular necrosis was statistically associated with NF (p<0.01). Mortality in NF was 22.4% and no mortality in Cellulitis. Mean LRINEC score in cellulitis and NF was 1.95±0.972 and 7.57±1.51 (p<0.01). Survival analysis graph and ROC showed LRINEC score of 6 as diagnostic and score ≥9 as poor prognostic indicator.Conclusions: LRINEC score is a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in patients of NF.
Clinical study of scorpion sting envenomation
Authors: Sarthi Manjunatha , A. Ashoka , A. C. Basavraj , T. K. Mahesh
Published: April 2019

Background: Scorpion stings are common in India. Presentation of scorpion sting may vary from localised pain at the site of the sting to life threatening condition. Systemic envenomation will even result in death among one third of the subjects. The present study was conducted to determine the clinical presentation, course, complications and outcomes of scorpion sting envenomation among children as they are sensitive to scorpion envenomation.Methods: 50 cases of scorpion sting, admitted to 2 hospitals, under JJMMC, Davangere for 1 year were included. A detailed clinical history followed by examination was done. Relevant investigations were also done. All the cases were monitored for complications and managed accordingly.Results: Maximum number of cases were noted in the age group of 1-3 years and 10-12 years. 58% of them were boys, 54% of the cases had red scorpion sting. Pain at the sting site, diaphoresis and restlessness were the most common presenting symptoms. The common signs noted were restlessness, cold extremities and tachycardia. Commonest complications were peripheral circulatory failure, pulmonary oedema, myocarditis and congestive cardiac failure. Majority of cases recovered without any sequelae.Conclusions: Present study we conclude that majority of the cases were among boys belonged to 1-3year age group. Red scorpion sting was common, and commonest presentation was pain and recovered without any sequelae.
Case-based learning in integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness
Authors: Kartikeyan Sundaram , Malgaonkar Aniruddha A.
Published: April 2019

Background: This complete-enumeration, before-and-after type of study (without controls) was conducted on 61 third-year medical students at Rajiv Gandhi Medical College, Thane, Maharashtra state to study the difference in cognitive domain scores after attending lecture-based learning (by a pre-test) and after attending case-based learning (by a post-test).Methods: After approval from the institutional ethics committee, the purpose of the study was explained to third-year medical students and written informed consent was obtained. After curriculum-based lectures on integrated management of neonatal and childhood Illness, a pre-test was administered wherein each student was asked to fill up case sheets for five case scenarios. The maximum marks obtainable were 10 marks per case (total 50 marks).  Case-based learning was conducted in two sub-groups comprising 31 and 30 randomly assigned students by the same faculty and students in each sub-group were exposed to identical case scenarios. The post-test was conducted using case scenarios and case sheets that were identical to that of the pre-test.Results: The overall mean score increased and the difference between the case-wise pre-test and post-test scores of both female (n=35) and male (n=26) students was highly significant (p <0.00001). However, the gender differences in pre-test score (Z=1.038; p=0.299) and post-test score were not significant (Z=0.114; p=0.909).Conclusions: Using case scenarios augmented the cognitive domain scores of participating students and the gender differences in scores were not statistically significant. The post-test scores showed higher variability. Remedial educational interventions would be required for students who obtained low scores in the post-test.
Serum ionic calcium levels and hypocalcemia in dengue fever in children and its correlation with its severity: case control study
Authors: Manjunath V. G. , Balla Sruthi , Kumar Jagadish
Published: April 2019

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is a major health problem, 90% of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) occurring in children <5 years and mortality of 2.5%. Abnormalities like metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia and hypocalcemia can occur in severe dengue especially in dengue shock patients. Alterations in calcium homeostasis, may play a role in the pathogenesis of dengue shock. Objectives is to evaluate serum ionic calcium (Ca2+) levels in children aged 1-18yrs with dengue fever and correlate it with severity and outcomeMethods: The study was prospective hospital based case-control study. Case group had 75 children with dengue fever with equal number of controls. Cases were classified according to WHO classification. Serum Ca2+ levels were estimated within 24 hours of admission.Results: Majority of children with dengue were in the age-group of 6-15 years (71.4%). Out of 75 cases,16% were dengue without warning signs, 54.7% dengue with warning signs and 29.3% were severe dengue cases. Mean Ca2+ level (in mmol/l) was 1.2009 (±0.09) among controls and 1.0911 (±0.10) in dengue cases (p=0.0001). Mean Ca2+ level in dengue without warning signs was 1.0950 mmol/l, dengue with warning signs was 1.1088 mmol/l and severe dengue was 1.0559 mmol/l. Mean Ca2+ level in severe dengue was significantly lower compared to dengue with warning signs (p=0.04). Hypocalcemia was seen in 56% of dengue cases but only 14% among controls. Seven children with severe dengue who died had hypocalemia.Conclusions: Hypocalcemia is common in dengue fever. Lower levels of ionic calcium correlate with severity of dengue illness and may be considered as a prognostic indicator of poor outcome.
Intussusception associated with celiac disease in a child: case report and review of literature
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Bansal Diwakar , Parihar Mohan Lal
Published: April 2019

Intussusception and celiac disease both are common in children.  Intussusception has been rarely associated with celiac disease in children, which mostly involved small bowel, are transient without classical symptoms, reduced spontaneously and rarely needs intervention. Authors are reporting a 2-year girl who presented initially as gastroenteritis and later on intestinal obstruction and on investigation revealed ileo-ileal intussusception which resolved spontaneously during laparotomy preparation. The patient had growth retardation and microcytic hypochromic anemia and on further evaluation diagnosed with celiac disease. This case report highlights the need of celiac testing in children with intussusception, and such intussusception resolved spontaneously with gluten free diet and rarely needs any active intervention, thus preventing from undue nonsurgical or surgical interventions for intussusception.
Neonatal chylothorax
Authors: Kaur Tejinder P. , Narang Gursharan S. , S. Ashiana
Published: April 2019

Chylothorax is the most common form of pleural effusion encountered in neonates. It is defined as abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space. It may be either congenital or an acquired condition. It causes respiratory and nutritional problems and significant mortality rate. Neonatal chylothorax respond to octreotide treatment. Octreotide is a long-acting somatostatin analog that can reduce lymphatic fluid production and has been used as a new strategy in the treatment of chylothorax.   Initial management may include restriction of enteral feedings. Authors report a case of newborn baby born to gravida 2 mother at 32±2 weeks of gestation with left sided pleural effusion subsequently confirmed to be a congenital chylothorax with patent ductus arteriosus. USG guided tap was done, and milky fluid was aspirated.
MANİSA MERKEZ VE SOMA İLÇESİ 2017 YILI HAVA KALİTESİ VERİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Yılmaz Muammer
Published: April 2019

AMAÇ: Çalışmada, muhtemel hava kirletici kaynaklarının farklı olduğu Manisa-Merkez ve Manisa-Soma hava kalitesinin kükürtdioksit (SO2) ve partikül madde (PM10) parametreleri yönünden karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu çalışma, 01.01.2017-31.12.2017 tarihleri arasındaki Manisa -Merkez ve Manisa-Soma hava kalitesi ölçüm değerleri T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığının web sitesinden elde edilerek incelendiği kesitsel çalışmadır. Çalışmada Manisa-Merkez ve Manisa-Soma SO2 ve PM10 değerleri yaz-kış sezonlarına, aylara göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Hava Kalitesi İndeksi (HKİ) sınıflandırması, sınır değerler ve tanımlar Hava Kalitesi Değerlendirme ve Yönetimi Yönetmeliği’ne göre yapılmıştır.BULGULAR:Soma’da 2017 yılında PM10 ortalaması 78.02±40.72, Manisa’da 77.03±28.32; Soma’da SO2 ortalaması 89.08±91.62, Manisa’da 9.65±4.91’tir. Soma’da PM10 kış sezonu ortalaması 92.85±44.57, yaz sezonu 55.32±17.17 (z=-7.37, p<0.001) iken Manisa’da PM10 kış sezonu 87.12±34.07, yaz sezonu 66.92±16.22’dir (z=-5.58, p<0.001). Soma’da ve Manisa’da PM10 HKİ sınıflamasının iyi, orta ve hassas seviyeleri görülmüş, yaz ve kış sezonuna göre dağılımı anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir (sırasıyla: x2=55.32, p<0.001; x2=26.61, p<0.001). Soma’da 50 μg/m3 PM10 limit değeri yaz sezonunda 63 (%57.8) kış sezonunda 132 (%82.5) toplam 269 (%72.5) gün aşılmıştır (x2=19.83, p<0.001). Manisa’da 50 μg/m3 PM10 limit değeri yaz sezonunda 160 (%87,4) kış sezonunda 154 (%92.2) toplam 314 (%89.7) gün aşılmıştır (x2=2.16, p=0.14). Soma’da SO2 kış sezonu ortalaması 131±86.28, yaz sezonu 14.73±17.46 (z=-13.11, p<0.001) iken Manisa’da SO2 kış sezonu 11.36±6.94, yaz sezonu 8.6±3.88’dir (z=-3.64, p<0.001). Soma’da 125 μg/m3 SO2 limit değeri kış sezonunda 83 (%46.4) gün aşılmıştır. Manisa’da SO2 limit değeri kış sezonunda aşılmamıştır. Soma ve Manisa’da SO2 limit değeri yaz sezonunda aşılmamıştır.SONUÇ: PM10 ve SO2 düzeyleri kış sezonunda artış göstermekle birlikte, PM10 kirliliği Soma’da kış sezonunda, Manisa’da hem kış ve hem de yaz sezonunda etkili olmaktadır. Soma’da PM10 kirliliğinin yanında SO2 kirliliği de vardır. Özellikle kış sezonunda SO2 limit değerleri halk sağlığını tehdit edecek düzeylere ulaşmaktadır.
FACTORS AFFECTING MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIECTASIS
Authors: Akıncı Özyürek Berna , Savaş Bozbaş Şerife , Bozkurt Yılmaz Eylül , Ulubay Gaye , Akçay Şule , Öner Eyüboğlu Füsun
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent bronchial infections lead to a decrease in pulmonary function and an increase in mortality and morbidity in patients with bronchiectasis. We aimed to evaluate mortality rate and identify risk factors in mortality in patients with bronchiectasis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study the records of 104 patients who underwent high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were evaluated. Demographic variables, symptoms, physical examination findings, HRCT and pulmonary function test (PFT), culture and sputum analysis results, antibiotic resistance, infection markers, need to stay in intensive care unit and mortality rates were examined.RESULTS: The mean age was 59.5±15.1 years. Sputum production was detected in 65.4% of the cases and in 27.9% a microorganism was identified on sputum culture. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 11.5% of the cases. Infection episode, antibiotic resistance, age, smoking and respiratory insufficiency were associated with mortality (p<0.05 for all). A significant difference was noted in FEV1% between patients with and without antibiotic resistance (p<0.05). There was negative association between FEV1 and antibiotic resistance (r=-0.257, p=0.02), respiratory insufficiency (r=-0.288, p=0.01) and infection episodes (r=-0.329, p=0.003). Number of infection episode was higher in patients with a FEV1 <60% (p=0.003). Pulmonary hypertension was detected in 21.2% of the patients which was significantly more common in tubular and bilateral bronchiectasis.CONCLUSIONS: Older age, smoking, infection episode, respiratory insufficiency and antibiotic resistance were associated with an increased risk of mortality. Our findings indicate that antibiotic resistance should be determined in patients with bronchiectasis who have a FEV1 value <60% as these cases have increased mortality.
Reconstrucción de los defectos blandos y duros del tercio medio e inferior facial con colgajos microquirúrgicos. reporte de dos casos clínicos.
Authors: León Batallas Jorge , Sandoval Portilla. Fernando , Serrano González-Rubio Armando , Sandoval Vernimmen Fernando
Published: April 2019

Los colgajos microquirúrgicos son ampliamente utilizados en la reconstrucción en el área de cirugía maxilofacial para el cáncer y defectos considerables, que son un problema para el cirujano, cuyo éxito depende de una evaluación cuidadosa y un plan de tratamiento. El presente artículo aborda el uso de los colgajos microquirúrgicos (específicamente el uso del anterolateral de muslo, antebraquial radial y peroné), de transferencia libre en la reconstrucción del tercio medio e inferior facial en la reconstrucción secundaria, el reporte de 2 casos clínicos en pacientes con defectos en partes blandas y duros, tratados como secuelas postoncológicas, y a futuro la rehabilitación oral con la colocación de implantes dentales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar el uso de los colgajos libres en la rehabilitación, restitución de los tejidos blandos y duros del macizofacial en pacientes con secuelas y defectos postquirúrgicos oncológicos, logrando resultados favorables con el fin de devolver la función deglutoria, foniátrica con implantes dentales osteointegrados.
¿Qué lugar ocupan actores sociales en el contexto de servicios ecosistémicos? Una revisión en áreas de ecología y biología de la conservación
Authors: Del castillo Daniela , Di Pasquo Federico Martín , Busan Tomás Emilio , Klier Gabriela , Mahler Bettina
Published: April 2019

El enfoque de Servicios Ecosistémicos (SE) constituye una herramienta utilizada para abordar problemáticas ambientales. La valoración de SE en términos ecológicos, monetarios o socioculturales es un elemento clave de esta perspectiva. Realizamos una revisión de artículos científicos centrados en SE publicados entre 2005-2017 en revistas de ecología y biología de la conservación, investigando la forma en que se recuperan voces de diferentes actores sociales (AS). Los resultados indican que predominan las valoraciones ecológica y monetaria por sobre la valoración sociocultural, y que esta última se realiza de una manera que consideramos superficial -sin abordar conflictos entre diferentes AS, y con los investigadores seleccionando los SE a valorar. Considerando que los conflictos vinculados con SE están inmersos en contextos sociales complejos, descuidar “dimensiones sociales”, puede llevar a omitir distancias culturales, diferencias de clase, ubicación geográfica, estilo de vida, y esto puede llevar al desarrollo de opciones de gestión inviables o perjudiciales para los AS involucrados.
Desindustrialização e degradação socioambiental
Authors: Bursztyn Marcel , Curi Melissa , Litre Gabriela , Saito Carlos Hiroo
Published: April 2019

Editorial: Desindustrialização e degradação socioambiental
THE UNTRANSLATABILITY IN ALFATIHAH OF THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE QUR’AN
Authors: Darmawan Hendra
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to show that the Cultural background of the translator influences very much the result of the translation. It also takes place in the English translation of the Quran. The tasks of the translator one of them were nearing the source language to the target language.

Methodology: The writer found notes in order to study the distance between the source and the target language. The untranslatability can be viewed as linguistically and culturally.

Results: The result of this article is that the notion of the sentence in the Alfatihah which sometimes is only translated into phrase interchangeable. It can be a convention of the practice of translation.

Implications: Through the article, the writer wants to bridge a better understanding of native speakers learning Arabic and it’s vice versa, minimize inaccuracies and uncouthness. This study helps minority Muslim countries that are emerging Muslim communities in Europe, Australia, and many others to learn the Quran.
Joseph’s Journey: Uncovering Israel’s Unconscious
Authors: Balkaran Raj
Published: April 2019

This paper decodes the story of Campbell’s namesake, Joseph of Genesis, son of Jacob. It demonstrates that Joseph, much more so than Moses, represents the archetypal hero. Joseph is called to adventure into the unknown. Due to the boundedness of the Abrahamic worldview, Joseph must leave monotheistic Israel to fulfil his potential in polytheistic Egypt. It is as viceroy of Pharaoh that he comes into his own power, his political eminence an emanation of his intuitive, creative power. Joseph’s journey itself serves as the Call to Adventure for the hero’s journey of Israel: Israel, as a people, must recognize Joseph’s creative power and follow him into Egypt to realize their own procreative power. Before returning to the familiarity of the desert, the motherless children of Israel are called into the unknown to be nourished by the Nile. It is at the banks of the Nile that they fulfil their divine mandate to multiply. Joseph’s intuitive power—the ability to receive and interpret prophetic dreams—makes explicit what is implicitly encoded in the Campbellian hero’s journey: the masculine individual consciousness venturing into the feminine collective unconscious, matrix of creativity, in pursuit of wholeness. His story moreover celebrates the centrality of personal transformation to the Campbellian heroic quest, flourishing through embodiment of transformational leadership.
Pathways to the Hero’s Journey: A Tribute to Joseph Campbell and the 30th Anniversary of His Death
Authors: Sonnenburg Stephan , Runco Mark
Published: April 2019

Joseph Campbell is the mythographer of the last century who has congenially opened the mythological universe to both scholars and to a wide range of people searching for pathways to enlighten their lives. His elixir of life was to help people “see myth as a reflection of the one sublime adventure of life, and then to breathe new life into it” (Campbell, 2003, p. xiv). The hero’s journey is his gift, his “ultimate boon” (Campbell, 2008, p. 29) for the human condition and social world. It represents a universal motif which runs through virtually all kinds of change, transformation, and growth. The main objective of this special issue of the Journal of Genius and Eminence is to explore the multi-faceted potential of the hero’s journey and perhaps shed new light on it. The introduction gives an overview of Campbell’s ultimate boon and a summary of each of the 12 articles that follow. Distinguished scientists and outstanding practitioners have joined this journey in tribute to Campbell and the 30th anniversary of his death. The contributors take us far and wide, exploring different ways to explore Campbell’s thoughts, allowing insights into the nuances and subtleties of his mythological world, and striking new ways to illuminate the Campbellian universe.
Joseph Campbell Goes to the Movies: The Influence of the Hero’s Journey in Film Narrative
Authors: Vogler Christopher
Published: April 2019

The influence of Joseph Campbell and his monomyth model on film narratives and motifs first became apparent forty years ago with the release of the first film in George Lucas’ Star Wars franchise in 1977. This article traces the wide adoption of Campbell’s ideas as tools for shaping movie stories and characters, due to the popularity of Star Wars and other fantasy adventure franchises cast in the Campbell monomyth mold, and the growing awareness of screenwriters, directors and studio executives that the hero’s journey is an effective tool for story development in any genre. Campbell’s original statement of the monomyth is compared with Christopher Vogler’s model of the hero’s journey, specifically designed for screenwriters. The article establishes that in either form, the monomyth/hero’s journey has been widely adopted by screenwriters, playwrights and designers of games and theme park rides to give their creations some of the epic feeling of myths. Key work in which Campbell’s hero’s journey was consciously applied are discussed, and criticisms of the hero’s journey as a narrative template are addressed. Some reasons for the pattern’s enduring appeal for audiences are suggested.
Comparación de cepas locales y comerciales de Simplicillium y Lecanicillium colonizando pústulas de Hemileia vastatrix
Authors: García-Nevárez Gerardo , Hidalgo-Jaminson Eduardo
Published: April 2019

La roya es la enfermedad del café de mayor importancia económica, puede ocasionar pérdidas de producción superiores a 50%. La información sobre prácticas de control biológico aplicado para controlar la roya del café en Costa Rica es limitada. El estudio tuvo por objetivo seleccionar una cepa local de Simplicillium con alto grado de virulencia, así como evaluar la eficiencia de cepas comerciales de micoparásitos destinados al control de H. vastatrix en Costa Rica. El estudio comprendió ocho cepas de hongos, cinco de ellas fueron aisladas de la zona cafetalera de Turrialba e identificadas como Simplicillium lanosoniveum y tres biofungicidas comerciales recomendados para combatir la roya en cafetales de Costa Rica. La cepa EC mostró ser la más efectiva al colonizar en menor tiempo las pústulas de roya. Esta cepa fue comparada con formulados comerciales después de dos pases sucesivos en PDA y de haberla almacenado en papel filtro. Los aislamientos locales presentaron un mayor grado de especificidad que el resto de las cepas. Estos son los primeros resultados que anteponen a Simplicillium como principal agente de control biológico de H. vastatrix en Costa Rica.
Identificación de Tomato brown rugose fruit virus por RT-PCR de una región codificante de la replicasa (RdRP)
Authors: Rodríguez-Mendoza Johan , García-Ávila Clemente De Jesús , López-Buenfil José Abel , Araujo-Ruiz Karina , Quezada-Salinas Andrés , Cambrón-Crisantos José Manuel , Ochoa-Martínez Daniel Leobardo
Published: April 2019

En la actualidad es de importancia estratégica contar con herramientas de diagnóstico rápido y preciso que permitan conocer si el material de interés está infectado con algún virus de importancia cuarentenaria o económica. Por tal motivo, en el presente trabajo se diseñó un par de oligonucleótidos específicos para la detección del ToBRFV por RT-PCR, considerando una región de la secuencia codificante de la RdRP localizada en el ORF1 y la metodología para detectarlo fue estandarizada. Adicionalmente, los amplicones fueron clonados y secuenciados, los productos fueron usados para predecir la relación evolutiva entre ToMMV, ToMV, TMV y ToBRFV por el método Maximum Likelihood. Los resultados indicaron que los oligonucleótidos diseñados en el presenté trabajo permiten la identificación de manera rápida y específica del ToBRFV.
Sovyet Propagandası Çerçevesinde İkinci Dünya Savaşının Karaçay-Malkar Edebiyatındaki Yansımaları
Authors: ADİLOĞLU Adilhan
Published: April 2019

Bu çalışmada,  Rusya ve eski SSCB
ülkelerinin, “Büyük Vatan Savaşı” şeklinde adlandırdığı, 1941-1945 yılları
arasında arasında, bilhassa Nazi Almanyasına karşı topraklarını savundukları, İkinci
Dünya Savaşının Sovyet edebiyatı sahasındaki tesiri ve buna bağlı olarak da
Karaçay-Malkar edebiyatındaki yansımaları ele alınmıştır. Sovyetler Birliği, İkinci
Dünya Savaşına katılma arifesinde orduyu ve ekonomiyi savaş için örgütlemek, hâkimiyetindeki
milletlerin maddî ve manevî desteğini almak maksadıyla yoğun bir şekilde
gerçekleştirdiği propaganda faaliyetleri çerçevesinde edebiyat sahasını etkin
bir şekilde kullanmıştır. Sovyet rejimi taraftarı şair ve yazarlar ile birlikte
Stalin yönetimi sırasında susturulan edebiyatçılar dahi “vatan toprakları
tehlike altında” gerekçesiyle bilhassa yurttaşlık duygularını uyandırmak ve
kuvvetlendirmek yoluyla, halkın moralini yüksek tutmak ve cesaret vermek için
göreve çağrılmışlardır. Sovyetler Birliği bünyesindeki diğer milletlerde olduğu
gibi, Karaçay-Malkar Türklerinin edebiyatında da “Ullu Ata Curt Kazavat” (Büyük
Vatan Savaşı) teması önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Dönemin şartlarına ve Sovyet
yetkililerinin verdiği direktiflere uygun olarak, 1930’lu yılların sonlarından
itibaren bütün Karaçay-Malkar şair ve yazarları eserlerinde Sovyet vatanının
sarsılmaz gücünü ve yenilmezliğini işlemekte, vatana karşı gelebilecek
tehlikelere karşı halkı uyarmakta ve gerektiğinde bütün halkı vatan için
canlarını feda etmeye davet etmektedirler. Velhasıl, İkinci Dünya Savaşı
arifesinde, bütün Sovyetler Birliğinde olduğu gibi, Karaçay-Malkar edebiyatı sahasında
da savaş hazırlıkları tamamlamış, bütün şair ve yazarlar vatanı korumaya hazır
bir haldedir.
Fransız Belgelerine Göre 19. Yüzyılın Başlarında Güney Karadeniz Limanları
Authors: YILMAZ Özgür
Published: April 2019

Fransızların 19. Yüzyılın başlarında ticaret yapma ve konsolosluk kurma
hakkı elde ettiği Karadeniz’deki Osmanlı limanları Fransızlar için yeni bir “Eldorado” ortaya çıkardı. Lâkin bu
limanlar Fransızlar için adeta bilinmeyen yerlerdi. Bundan dolayı bu yayılma
döneminde Fransızların en önemli meşgalesi her açıdan bu limanları ve
limanların sunacakları imkânları tespit etmekti. Bu süreçte ilk defa 1797’de
Beuchamp’ın sahil buyunca gezerek haritalarını yaptığı bu limanlar daha sonra
Fransız elçisi Mareşal Brune’ün ilgilendiği konulardan biriydi. Bunun için
Brune, Fransızlar tarafından çok az bilinen Karadeniz limanlarında coğrafi
incelemeler yapmak üzere Jouannin’i görevlendirdi. Gerek bu görevliler gerekse
de Sinop ve Trabzon’a atanan Fourcade ve Dupré bu limanların yapısı ve ticaret
potansiyelleri hakkında raporlar hazırladı. Bu bildiri bir kısmı yayınlanmış
bir kısmı da Fransız arşivlerindeki tasniflerde yer alan bu kaynaklar üzerinden
uluslararası ticaret ile tanışmaya başlayan Güney Karadeniz limanlarının 19.
yüzyılın başlarındaki görüntüsüne dair bazı tespitler yapmayı
amaçlamaktadır.
Fuad Köprülü’nün Şeyh Gâlib’e Dair Yazıları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KARAMAN Gülay
Published: April 2019

Şeyh Gâlib (1757-1799), yaşadığı dönemden günümüze adından övgü ve hayranlıkla söz ettirmiş, klasik Türk şiirinin son büyük temsilcisidir. Geleneğin kendini tekrarlamaya yüz tuttuğu 18. yüzyılda Sebk-i Hindî akımına yönelerek şiire yeni bir tarz getiren Şeyh Gâlib, ölümünden sonra 19. ve 20. yüzyılda dönemin önde gelen edebiyatçılarının edebiyat tarihi çalışmaları ve edebî incelemeleriyle adeta yeniden keşfedilmiştir. Bu dönemde Şeyh Gâlib’i yeniden gündeme getiren isimlerden biri de Fuad Köprülü (1890-1966) olmuştur. Türk edebiyat tarihçisi, edebiyatçı, tarihçi ve sosyolog olarak Türkiye’de bu bilimlerin gelişmesinde büyük payı olan Fuad Köprülü, daha gençlik yıllarında kaleme aldığı Şeyh Gâlib’e dair yedi makalesinde devrinde o güne kadar ortaya konmamış özgün düşüncelere yer vermiştir. Köprülü; bu makalelerde Türk edebiyatının bütünlüğü içerisinde tarihî, edebî, psikolojik ve sosyolojik boyutlarıyla Şeyh Gâlib’i ele almıştır. Bu makalede, Fuad Köprülü’nün Şeyh Gâlib üzerine kaleme aldığı makaleleri söz konusu edilecek, Şeyh Gâlib’in klasik Türk şiirindeki yerinin tespiti ve edebî kişiliğinin ortaya konmasında Fuad Köprülü’nün katkıları tartışılacaktır.
Akçaabat Kazası Köylerinde Yaygın Eğitim Kurumu Olarak Camiler (18. Yüzyıl)
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Gazi
Published: April 2019

Osmanlı Devleti idari
teşkilatlanması içinde Akçaabat kazası, Akçaabat ve Yomra idari yapılarının
birleşmesiyle oluşuyordu. Trabzon Rum İmparatorluğunun Osmanlı Devleti’ne
katılmasıyla birlikte başlayan İslamlaşma süreci XVIII. yüzyıl kadar hayli artmıştı.
Böylece Müslüman nüfusa İslam’ın öğretim ve eğitim hizmetlerini verecek
kurumlara ihtiyacı arttı. Bu sebeple Akçaabat kazası köylerindeki yaygın eğitim
kurumları ve bu kurumların işleyişi araştırma problemi seçildi. Akçaabat kazası
köylerindeki camilerin kuruluşları, yerlerinin seçilişi, bu esnadaki devlet ve
toplum arasındaki etkileşimi ve bu kurumların sürdürebilirlikleri için izlenen
yollar üzerine araştırma tasarlandı. XVIII. yüzyıl sınırlı ve merkez dışındaki
yerleşim yerleri kapsamı oluşturdu. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi-tarihi
doküman incelemesi kullanıldı. Araştırma Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi'nde
yer alan hurufat defterleri esas alındı. Yine çalışmanın geçerliliğini ve
güvenirliği arttırmak amacıyla Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi Genel Müdürlüğü
Arşivi ile araştırma ve diğer kaynaklardan yararlanıldı. Araştırmanın
sınırlılığını tarihi belgelerdeki dönemsel eksiklikler ve olaylar arasındaki
kopukluklar oluşturdu. Sonuç olarak Akçaabat köylerindeki yaygın eğitim kurumlarının
hızlı biçimde yaygınlaştığı ve hizmet verdiği bu bağlamda yaygın eğitim kurumu
olarak faaliyet gösteren 94 caminin olduğu ve işleyişinin belirli kurallar dâhilinde
gerçekleştiği tespit edildi.
Türk Şiirinde İlk Mistik-Asaf Halet Çelebi
Authors: AKINCI Mehmet Alparslan
Published: April 2019

Asaf Halet Çelebi’yi,
elbette tasavvuf şiirini bir kenarda tutarak, Türk şiirindeki ilk mistik şair
saymak gerekiyor. Zira onun şiirinin bu anlamda herhangi bir şekilde öncülü de
öncüsü de de yoktur. Asaf Halet, Türk şiirindeki köklü tasavvuf geleneğine
doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak bağlı değildir. Onun şiirinde evrensel mistisizmin
değerleri ve sesi içinde doğup büyüdüğü geleneğin renklerinden daha belirgin
bir yere sahiptir. Özellikle Budizmin etkisi altındaki şiirlerinde tasavvufa ve
milli yaşantıya ait ögeler de aynı evrensel mistik duyuşun kavrayış ve algı
süzgecinden geçmişçesine farklı bir gözün bakışını duyurur okuyucusuna. Bu, bir
çeşit yabancılaşma değilse de kendini apaçık gösteren bir yabancılık duygusudur
Türk şiiri için ve bir bakıma şiirimize ilk kez Asaf Halet’in dilinden giren
yabancı bir sestir. Tasavvuf neş’esinin yerini hiçliğin melali
almıştır adeta onun şiirlerinde. Bu yeniliğin Om Mani Padme Hum, He ve Lamelif’teki şiirlerin biçeminde,
söyleyiş ve edasında kendini açıkça göstermesi ise şairin sanat ve estetik
kudretiyle ilgili olduğu kadar dile getirdiği mistik dünyanın kendi
keyfiyetiyle de ilgilidir. Sonuç olarak onun şiirlerinde antik dünyanın mistik
duyuşu da uzak doğu mistisizmi de tasavvuf şiirinin içinde erimiş olarak değil,
ilk kez, özgün doğalarıyla yer almıştır.
Eski Asurca Belgelerde Ruhlar
Authors: KAHYA Ömer
Published: April 2019

Eski Mezopotamyalılar ölümden sonra yaşamın devam ettiğine inanmaktaydı. Bir kimse öldüğünde onun için çeşitli ritüellerin yapıldığı bir cenaze töreni düzenlenir ve ardından gömülürdü. Ölen kimsenin bedeninden ayrılarak öteki dünyaya gitmiş olan varlığa ise eṭemmu (GIDIM) “ruh” denilmekteydi. Eski Mezopotamya yazılı kaynaklarında öteki dünya, genellikle kasvetli ve dünyadan daha kötü bir yer olarak tasvir edilmektedir. Ölüler diyarına gitmiş bir ruh için yakınları tarafından yiyecek ve içecek sunuları yapılması gerekmekteydi. Ölü sunularından sorumlu kimse ilk olarak en büyük erkek çocuktu, eğer erkek evlat yoksa bir kız evlat ya da evlatlık bu sorumluluğu yerine getirebilirdi. Ölen kimse için cenaze ritüeli gerçekleştirilmez ya da bu sunular yapılmazsa ruhların başta yakınları olmak üzere insanlara saldırdıklarına inanılmaktaydı. Çalışmamızda Kültepe bulunmuş Asurlulara ait metinlerindeki ruhlarla ilgili bilgiler incelenecek ve Mezopotamya’dan Anadolu’ya ticaret yapmak maksadıyla gelen Asurlu tüccarların benzer inançlara sahip olduğu görülecektir.
EXERGY OF A HYBRID SOLAR-WIND REVERSE OSMOSIS-MSF DESALINATION SYSTEM
Authors: Heidary B. , Tavakoli Hashjin T. , Ghobadian B. , Roshandel R.
Published: April 2019

Новая гибридная система многостадийной опреснительной (MSF) ректификационной опреснительной установки с использованием солнечного ветра (RO) была изготовлена ​​и испытана в реальных условиях в Иране. Энергия ветра была необходима для обеспечения электрической энергии. Эксергетический анализ может быть использован для разработки более эффективных энергетических систем. Эксергия, задействованная в гибридной системе опреснения RO-MSF солнечного ветра, проанализирована ниже с использованием данных, полученных в результате теоретических и экспериментальных исследований.Системы RO и MSF, работающие от энергии ветра и солнца, гарантируют повышение надежности и гибкости системы. Согласно эксергетическому анализу, необратимые потери от гибридной установки RO-MSF с солнечным ветром сосредоточены в солнечном коллекторе и многоступенчатой ​​испарительной камере. Эти параметры могут быть уменьшены за счет изоляции коллектора, покрытия труб и стен MSF, а также улучшения процесса вспышки. Оптимизирующая производительность гибридной системы RO-MSF мощность солнечного ветра должна увеличиваться, а потребление энергии должно снизиться, что должно повысить общую эффективность системы. и улучшение процесса прошивки.Оптимизирующая производительность гибридной системы RO-MSF мощность солнечного ветра должна увеличиваться, а потребление энергии должно снизиться, что должно повысить общую эффективность системы. и улучшение процесса прошивки. Оптимизирующая производительность гибридной системы RO-MSF мощность солнечного ветра должна увеличиваться, а потребление энергии должно снизиться, что должно повысить общую эффективность системы.
ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ТИПЫ ВОД ХВОСТОХРАНИЛИЩ СВИНЦОВО-ЦИНКОВЫХ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ ВОСТОЧНОГО ЗАБАЙКАЛЬЯ
Authors: (Larissa P. Chechel) Чечель Лариса Павловна , (Leonid V. Zamana) Замана Леонид Васильевич
Published: April 2019

Актуальность обсуждаемой темы обусловлена необходимостью решения задачи сохранения качества водных ресурсов в условиях воздействия горного производства. Цель: изучение химического состава техногенно-трансформированных вод в районах отработки трех свинцово-цинковых месторождений Забайкалья и их геохимическая типизация. Объекты: воды, формирующиеся в пределах хвостохранилищ Благодатского, Акатуевского и Кадаинского свинцово-цинковых месторождений, расположенных в Восточном Забайкалье. Методы. Концентрации анионов измерялись турбидиметрическим, потенциометрическим, колориметрическим методами; катионы и металлы определялись атомно-адсорбционным методом и масс-спектрометрией с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (ICP-MS). Для определения состава равновесных вторичных минеральных фаз применялись диаграммы полей устойчивости алюмосиликатных минералов, построенные по методу, предложенному Р.М. Гаррелсом и Ч.Л. Крайстом. Результаты. По соотношению основных ионов рассматриваемые воды относятся к гидрокарбонатному, сульфатно-гидрокарбонатному, гидрокарбонатно-сульфатному и сульфатному магниево-кальциевому и кальциево-магниевому химическим типам. Дренажные стоки свинцово-цинковых месторождений характеризуются значительным превышением содержаний металлов (As, Zn, Cd, Pb, Sb, Mn, Mo, U, La) над средним составом вод выщелачивания, с максимумом для мышьяка более чем в 800 раз и цинка – в 200 раз. Характер расположения точек состава вод на диаграммах устойчивости алюмосиликатных минералов свидетельствует об их насыщении относительно глинистых алюмосиликатов и кальцита, что с учетом особенностей их химического состава позволяет говорить о принадлежности последних к двум геохимическим типам – кремнисто-кальциево-магниевому и кремнистому карбонатно-кальциевому, ведущая роль в смене которых принадлежит интенсивности водообмена. Типизация аномальных гидрогеохимических полей в горнодобывающих регионах направлена на совершенствование эколого-геохимического мониторинга природных вод и может использоваться при разработке мероприятий по предотвращению загрязнения и очистке вод.
ПОСТРОЕНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ КОРРЕЛЯЦИОННЫХ ЗАВИСИМОСТЕЙ МЕЖДУ ГОРИЗОНТАМИ ПОЧВ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МАЛОГЛУБИННЫХ СКВАЖИН
Authors: (Igor A. Botygin) Ботыгин Игорь Александрович , (Vladimir A. Krutikov) Крутиков Владимир Алексеевич , (Anna I. Sherstneva) Шерстнёва Анна Игоревна , (Maria V. Demeshko) Демешко Мария Владимировна , (Irina A. Kanaeva) Канаева Ирина Александровна , (Nikolay A. Soltaganov) Солтаганов Николай Андреевич
Published: April 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью изучения геологических объектов путем прямых геофизических измерений их параметров и применения полученных данных и результатов математической обработки для решения задач рационального природопользования. Эффективное решение этих задач особенно важно при исследовании влияния метеорологических параметров на водно-тепловой режим горных пород в районах с глубоким сезонным промерзанием. Цель: разработать и провести испытания геофизического комплекса для определения пространственного распределения температуры в грунте, динамики изменения этого распределения во времени и корреляционные соотношения его промерзания на различных горизонтах в условиях Сибири и Крайнего Севера. Объекты: федеральная автомобильная дорога «Сургут–Салехард» в пределах Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа и дорога территориального значения «Коротчаево–Уренгой». Методы: методы анализа статистических данных для изучения взаимосвязей между значениями переменных, включая исследование статистической взаимосвязи двух или более случайных величин (корреляционный анализ), методы функционального анализа для исследования статистических данных в частотно-временном диапазоне (вейвлет-преобразование). Результаты. Показано, что с увеличением глубины грунта, график значений температур промерзания принимает более плоский характер и с увеличением удаленности между горизонтами наблюдений уменьшается температурная корреляционная связь между ними. В частности, в слоях грунта 1,9–2,1 м значения коэффициентов температурной корреляции практически не изменяются на всех временных масштабах выборки. В слоях грунта 0,9–1,2 м, 1,2–1,5 м, 1,5–1,8 м на средних временных масштабах выборки наблюдается незначительное изменение коэффициентов температурной корреляции, а максимальное отклонение коэффициентов корреляции наблюдается на больших временных масштабах выборки. В слоях грунта 0,3–2,1 м, 0,3–1,8 м, 0,6–2,1 м на средних временных масштабах выборки наблюдается значительное отклонение коэффициентов температурной корреляции, а максимальное отклонение коэффициентов температурной корреляции также наблюдается на больших масштабах выборки. На базе полученных температурных рядов были построены спектрограммы вейвлет-преобразований для классических базисных вейвлетов (вейвлет Морле, DOG-вейвлет, вейвлет Пауля), косвенно демонстрирующие волнообразное «продвижение» фронта (фазы) холода в грунте.
ДИАГНОСТИКА УРАВНОВЕШЕННОСТИ ШТАНГОВОЙ ГЛУБИННОЙ НАСОСНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ ПО ВАТТМЕТРОГРАММЕ
Authors: (Anatoliy M. Zyuzev) Зюзев Анатолий Михайлович , (Matvei V. Bubnov) Бубнов Матвей Владимирович
Published: April 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена широким распространением штанговых глубинных насосных установок с нерегулируемым приводом, которые в основной своей массе оснащены исключительно средствами механической настройки. Эксплуатация установок данного типа сопровождается значительными потерями как потребляемой электроэнергии, так и добытой нефти, связанными с работой установки в неоптимальном режиме. Для решения данной проблемы как новые, так и уже эксплуатируемые штанговые глубинные насосные установки оборудуют станциями управления, в состав которых входят преобразователь частоты и программируемый логический контроллер, оснащенный средствами интеллектуального управления и диагностики. Реализация данных функций на контроллере станции управления штанговых глубинных насосных установок требует разработки соответствующих алгоритмов, обеспечивающих автономное, высокоэффективное, экономичное и надежное функционирование установки в течение всего срока эксплуатации. Цель: разработка алгоритмов определения уравновешенности станка-качалки, оптимального положения противовеса и моментов прохождения штоком «мертвых точек». Объекты: штанговая глубинная насосная установка в различных режимах работы, уравновешенность станка-качалки, определяемая положением противовесов на кривошипе. Методы: математический аппарат дифференциальных уравнений и передаточных функций, компьютерное моделирование, сопоставление и анализ графиков и диаграмм. Результаты. Рассмотрены способы определения уравновешенности, существующие в настоящий момент, и выявлены их недостатки. Наиболее доступным и надёжным средством диагностирования штанговых глубинных насосных установок, не требующим установки дополнительных навесных датчиков, является ваттметрирование. Для исследования закономерностей и режимов работы  разработана компьютерная модель штанговых глубинных насосных установок. На основе данных, полученных в ходе моделирования, разработаны алгоритмы определения уравновешенности станка-качалки, оптимального положения противовеса и «мертвых точек», которые не требуют установки на станок внешних датчиков, могут работать в составе программного обеспечения интеллектуальных станций управления штанговых глубинных насосных установок, обеспечивая простоту контроля, обслуживания и сокращение издержек.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ТЕХНИКИ ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНО-НАПРАВЛЕННОГО БУРЕНИЯ ПИЛОТНЫХ СКВАЖИН ДЛЯ БЕСТРАНШЕЙНОЙ ПРОКЛАДКИ ТРУБОПРОВОДОВ
Authors: (Lev A. Saruev) Саруев Лев Алексеевич , (Anastasiya V. Shadrina) Шадрина Анастасия Викторовна , (Alexey L. Saruev) Саруев Алексей Львович , (Sergey S. Vasenin) Васенин Сергей Сергеевич , (Aleksandr V. Pakharev) Пахарев Александр Владимирович
Published: April 2019

Актуальность. В процессе реализации технологии горизонтально-направленного бурения скважин нередко возникают проблемы, связанные с необходимостью преодоления включений или горных пород высокой твердости, что требует использования рационального способа разрушения их ударом. Однако существующие ударные механизмы современных буровых установок формируют силовые импульсы нерациональной формы, не учитывающей свойства горной породы к сопротивлению для её разрушения. Такая форма силовых импульсов и кратковременность их воздействия на горную породу снижает глубину внедрения в нее коронки, формируя волну растяжения, разрушающую буровой инструмент, прежде всего соединения бурильных труб. В связи с этим возникла необходимость в научном обосновании и разработке принципиально нового формирователя силовых импульсов, соответствующих процессу сопротивления горной породы внедрению в нее породоразрушающего инструмента, а также резьбовых соединений бурильных труб, учитывающих волновой характер распространения силовых импульсов по бурильной колонне. Цель: научное обоснование и разработка принципиально нового формирователя силовых импульсов в бурильной колонне, учитывающего характер изменения сопротивления внедрению породоразрушающего инструмента в грунт, и новой конструкции резьбовых соединений бурильных труб, учитывающей волновой характер распространения через них энергии силовых импульсов на забой применительно к бурению пилотной скважины при бестраншейной прокладке трубопроводов. Объекты: технология и техника процесса горизонтально-направленного бурения пилотных скважин с использованием энергии силовых импульсов, распространяющихся по бурильной колонне. Методы: обобщение и анализ научно-технической информации; методы теоретической и прикладной механики; тензометрирование процессов передачи упругих волн деформаций на стенде, имитирующем искусственные скважины; математическое моделирование работы системы формирования силовых импульсов и процесса распространения их через резьбовые соединения бурильной колонны. Результаты. Приведен обзор способов бестраншейной прокладки трубопроводов. Определены перспективы совершенствования технологии и техники горизонтально-направленного бурения пилотных скважин как начального этапа технологии бестраншейной прокладки трубопроводов. Предложены технические решения по совершенствованию технологии и техники горизонтально-направленного бурения пилотных скважин, обеспечивающих существенное увеличение механической скорости проходки скважины.