bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Clinical and Economic Comparison of Cell-Based Versus Recombinant Influenza Vaccines in Adults 18–64 Years in the United States
Authors: Levin Myron J. , Rawashdh Neda Al , Mofor Liliane , Anaya Pablo , Zur Richard M. , Kahn Emily B. , Yu Daniel , Mould-Quevedo Joaquin F.
Published: October 2024

Background: This analysis compares the cost-effectiveness of a cell-based influenza vaccine to a recombinant influenza vaccine, and each to no vaccination. The analysis is based on United States (US) commercial and societal perspectives. Methods: A Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered (SEIR) transmission model of the total US population followed with a cost-effectiveness model for 18–64-year-olds was used to estimate the clinical and economic impact of vaccination over one influenza season (2018–2019). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: Both enhanced vaccines prevented a substantial number of influenza cases and influenza-related deaths compared to no vaccination. The cell-based vaccine was associated with higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained compared to the recombinant vaccine or no vaccination. The cell-based vaccine had a 36% lower vaccination cost, amounting to $2.8 billion in cost savings, compared to the recombinant vaccine. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for the cell-based vaccine, compared to the recombinant vaccine or no vaccination, were dominant from all payer perspectives, regardless of risk groups. Conclusions: Overall, the cell-based vaccine was cost-saving compared to the recombinant vaccine for subjects aged 18–64 years in the US, achieving comparable health outcomes with a significant reduction in associated costs.
Developing HPV Vaccination Communication Strategies: Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Barriers Among Healthcare Professionals in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kassymbekova Fatima , Rommel Alexander , Kaidarova Dilyara , Auyezova Ardak , Nukusheva Saule , Dunenova Gauhar , Bolatbekova Raikhan , Zhetpisbayeva Indira , Abdushukurova Gulzada , Glushkova Natalya
Published: October 2024

Background: Cervical cancer, predominantly caused by human papillomavirus, remains a major public health issue globally and in Kazakhstan, where it ranks among the most common cancers in women. A pilot HPV vaccination programme in Kazakhstan was suspended in 2017 due to mass parental refusals, and it is planned to be restarted in the coming years. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and sources of information about HPV and the HPV vaccine among healthcare professionals in Kazakhstan. Methods: A cross-sectional study (December 2022–May 2023) involving 1189 healthcare professionals in Kazakhstan used a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, mean knowledge score, between-group comparisons, and binary logistic regression to identify factors linked to higher knowledge and vaccine recommendation. Results: The study found that the average knowledge score for HPV and the HPV vaccine among participants was 11 out of a possible 18. Correct answers to the questionnaire were observed more frequently among physicians than among nurses (p < 0.001). In our study, 72.6% of healthcare professionals expressed a positive intention to recommend the HPV vaccine. The likelihood of recommending the HPV vaccine was significantly higher among those with higher knowledge of HPV and its vaccine (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3–2.5; p < 0.001), those familiar with cervical cancer patients (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.5–2.8; p < 0.001), and those with positive attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine and childhood vaccination (OR 2.3 and 1.5, respectively). Healthcare professionals identified key barriers to HPV vaccination, including public mistrust (49.4%), fear of side effects (45.9%), and insufficient knowledge among healthcare professionals themselves (30.3%). Information from the internet, including articles and journals, was the most commonly used source of information, followed by social media and colleagues. Conclusions: The disparities identified call for a tailored, multifaceted communication strategy that addresses the diverse needs of health professionals to address the differences in awareness between different groups, in order to ensure successful implementation and coverage of HPV vaccination across Kazakhstan.
Multi-Depot Electric Vehicle–Drone Collaborative-Delivery Routing Optimization with Time-Varying Vehicle Travel Time
Authors: Peng Yong , Zhu Wenjing , Yu Dennis Z. , Liu Song , Zhang Yali
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an electric vehicle-drone (EV–drone) collaborative-delivery routing optimization model that leverages the time-varying characteristics of electric vehicles and drones across multiple distribution centers (i.e., central depots) to address the logistics industry’s low-carbon transformation in the last-mile delivery. The model aims to minimize total delivery costs by formulating a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model that accounts for essential constraints such as nonlinear charging time, time-varying EV travel time, delivery time window, payload capacity, and maximum range. An improved adaptive large-neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm is developed to solve the model. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and highlight the impact of EV and drone technology parameters, along with the time-varying EV travel times, on the economic efficiency of delivery distribution and route planning.
A Mechanical Fault Identification Method for On-Load Tap Changers Based on Hybrid Time—Frequency Graphs of Vibration Signals and DSCNN-SVM with Small Sample Sizes
Authors: Shi Yanhui , Ruan Yanjun , Li Liangchuang , Zhang Bo , Huang Yichao , Xia Mao , Yuan Kaiwen , Luo Zhao , Lu Sizhao
Published: October 2024

In engineering applications, the accuracy of on-load tap changer (OLTC) mechanical fault identification methods based on vibration signals is constrained by the quantity and quality of the samples. Therefore, a novel small-sample-size OLTC mechanical fault identification method incorporating short-time Fourier transform (STFT), synchrosqueezed wavelet transform (SWT), a dual-stream convolutional neural network (DSCNN), and support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. Firstly, the one-dimensional time-series vibration signals are transformed using STFT and SWT to obtain time–frequency graphs. STFT time–frequency graphs capture the global features of the OLTC vibration signals, while SWT time–frequency graphs capture the local features of the OLTC vibration signals. Secondly, these time–frequency graphs are input into the CNN to extract key features. In the fusion layer, the feature vectors from the STFT and SWT graphs are combined to form a fusion vector that encompasses both global and local time–frequency features. Finally, the softmax classifier of the traditional CNN is replaced with an SVM classifier, and the fusion vector is input into this classifier. Compared to the traditional fault identification methods, the proposed method demonstrates higher identification accuracy and stronger generalization ability under the conditions of small sample sizes and noise interference.
Adapting to Climate Change with Machine Learning: The Robustness of Downscaled Precipitation in Local Impact Analysis
Authors: Mendoza Paz Santiago , Villazón Gómez Mauricio F. , Willems Patrick
Published: October 2024

The skill, assumptions, and uncertainty of machine learning techniques (MLTs) for downscaling global climate model’s precipitation to the local level in Bolivia were assessed. For that, an ensemble of 20 global climate models (GCMs) from CMIP6, with random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) techniques, was used on four zones (highlands, Andean slopes, Amazon lowlands, and Chaco lowlands). The downscaled series’ skill was evaluated in terms of relative errors. The uncertainty was analyzed through variance decomposition. In most cases, MLTs’ skill was adequate, with relative errors less than 50%. Moreover, RF tended to outperform SVM. Robust (weak) stationary (perfect prognosis) assumptions were found in the highlands and Andean slopes. The weakness was attributed to topographical complexity. The downscaling methods were shown to be the dominant source of uncertainties. This analysis allowed the derivation of robust future projections, showing higher annual rainfall, shorter dry spell duration, and more frequent but less intense high rainfall events in the highlands. Apart from the dry spell’s duration, a similar pattern was found for the Andean slopes. A decrease in annual rainfall was projected in the Amazon lowlands and an increase in the Chaco lowlands.
The Impact of Nanobubble Gases in Enhancing Soil Moisture, Nutrient Uptake Efficiency and Plant Growth: A Review
Authors: Arablousabet Yeganeh , Povilaitis Arvydas
Published: October 2024

Nanobubble (NB) technology in agriculture has received increased interest due to its potential to promote soil moisture retention and plant development. Therefore, this review investigates the impact of various types of NBs—such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and air—on soil and plant systems. Various studies revealed that nanobubble-saturated water (NBSW) increases moisture retention, microbial activity, and nutrient absorption, which contribute to better plant development. However, there are still gaps in understanding the specific roles of different gases regarding their stability, interactions with soil, and long-term agricultural impacts. This review aims to combine previous research by focusing on various types of NBs impact on soil moisture, water quality, and nutrient retention. Challenges include the quick dissolution of particular gases, limited field studies, and scalability. The analysis showed that despite these challenges, NBs have potential for enhancing agriculture by improving soil structure and crop yield. More study is needed to maximize their application, particularly in determining the most effective gas types and concentrations for certain agricultural areas.
WaterGPT: Training a Large Language Model to Become a Hydrology Expert
Authors: Ren Yi , Zhang Tianyi , Dong Xurong , Li Weibin , Wang Zhiyang , He Jie , Zhang Hanzhi , Jiao Licheng
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces WaterGPT, a language model designed for complex multimodal tasks in hydrology. WaterGPT is applied in three main areas: (1) processing and analyzing data such as images and text in water resources, (2) supporting intelligent decision-making for hydrological tasks, and (3) enabling interdisciplinary information integration and knowledge-based Q&A. The model has achieved promising results. One core aspect of WaterGPT involves the meticulous segmentation of training data for the supervised fine-tuning phase, sourced from real-world data and annotated with high quality using both manual methods and GPT-series model annotations. These data are carefully categorized into four types: knowledge-based, task-oriented, negative samples, and multi-turn dialogues. Additionally, another key component is the development of a multi-agent framework called Water_Agent, which enables WaterGPT to intelligently invoke various tools to solve complex tasks in the field of water resources. This framework handles multimodal data, including text and images, allowing for deep understanding and analysis of complex hydrological environments. Based on this framework, WaterGPT has achieved over a 90% success rate in tasks such as object detection and waterbody extraction. For the waterbody extraction task, using Dice and mIoU metrics, WaterGPT’s performance on high-resolution images from 2013 to 2022 has remained stable, with accuracy exceeding 90%. Moreover, we have constructed a high-quality water resources evaluation dataset, EvalWater, which covers 21 categories and approximately 10,000 questions. Using this dataset, WaterGPT achieved the highest accuracy to date in the field of water resources, reaching 83.09%, which is about 17.83 points higher than GPT-4.
Modeling Operations in System-Level Real-Time Control for Urban Flooding Reduction and Water Quality Improvement—An Open-Source Benchmarked Case
Authors: Li Jiada , Johnson Ryan , Burian Steven
Published: October 2024

Advancements in smart sensing and control technologies enable urban drainage engineers to retrofit stormwater storage facilities with real-time control devices for mitigating stormwater in-site overflow, downstream flooding, and overloaded total suspended solids (TSS) in drainage pipes. While the smart technology can improve the performance of the static drainage systems, coordinatively controlling multiple valve and gate operations poses a significant challenge, especially at a large-scale watershed. Using a benchmark stormwater model located at Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, we assessed the impact of different real-time control strategies (local individual downstream control and system-level multiple control) on balancing flooding mitigation at downstream outlets and TSS reduction at upstream storage units, such as detention ponds. We examined changes in peak water depth, outflow, and TSS as indicators to assess changes in water quantity and quality. The results indicate that system-level control can reduce peak water depth by up to 7.3%, reduce flood duration by up to 34%, and remove up to 67% of total suspended solids compared with a baseline uncontrolled system, with the outflow from upstream detention ponds being the most important hydraulic indicator for control strategy rule set-up. We find that system-level control does not always outperform the individual downstream controls, particularly in alleviating flooding duration at some downstream outlets. With urban growth and a changing climate, this research provides a foundation for quantifying the benefits of real-time control methods as an adaptive stormwater management solution that addresses both water quantity and quality challenges.
Water Quality Changes in the Xingkai (Khanka) Lake, Northeast China, Driven by Climate Change and Human Activities: Insights from Published Data (1990–2020)
Authors: Wu Yaping , Chen Dan , Liu Yu , Li Fujia , Wang Ping , Wang Rui , Shamov Vladimir V. , Zhu A-Xing , Deng Chunnuan
Published: October 2024

Water quality degradation and eutrophication of lakes are global ecological and environmental concerns, especially shallow lakes. This study collected hydrochemical data from 2935 samples of the Chinese part of Xingkai (Khanka) Lake, based on 40 published papers spanning the period from 2001 to 2023. Using the water quality index (WQI), improved geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and redundancy analysis (RDA), we analyzed the overall contamination characteristics of the water environment in Xingkai Lake. Additionally, we explored the impact of climate change and human activities on the lake’s water quality. The results showed that the annual WQI for Xingkai Lake ranged from 47.3 to 72, with a general downward trend, indicating improving water quality. Notably, the average WQI in May and total nitrogen (TN) content decreased significantly, signaling further improvement in water quality. The average concentration of TN in sediments was 1401.3 mg/kg, reflecting mild contamination. The Igeo values for the heavy metals Hg and Cr were greater than 1, indicating moderate contamination, while the Igeo values for Cd and Pb were between 0 and 1, which is in the range of uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. Land use and climate change (average annual temperature and annual precipitation) were key factors influencing water quality, with cumulative explanatory ratios of 67.3% and 50.1%. This study utilized land-use change as a metric for human activities, highlighting the potential impacts of climate change and human activities on the water quality of Xingkai Lake. It offers vital insights for the sustainable management of Xingkai Lake and provides valuable references into the management of similar transboundary lakes.
Larval Transport Pathways for Lutjanus peru and Lutjanus argentiventris in the Northwestern Mexico and Tropical Eastern Pacific
Authors: Reguera-Rouzaud Nicole , Martínez-Flores Guillermo , Díaz-Viloria Noé , Munguía-Vega Adrián
Published: October 2024

Understanding how ocean currents influence larval dispersal and measuring its magnitude is critical for conservation and sustainable exploitation, especially in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), where the larval transport of rocky reef fish remains untested. For this reason, a lagrangian simulation model was implemented to estimate larval transport pathways in Northwestern Mexico and TEP. Particle trajectories were simulated with data from the Hybrid Ocean Coordinate Model, focusing on three simulation scenarios: (1) using the occurrence records of Lutjanus peru and L. argentiventris as release sites; (2) considering a continuous distribution along the study area, and (3) taking the reproduction seasonality into account in both species. It was found that the continuous distribution scenario largely explained the genetic structure previously found in both species (genetic brakes between central and southern Mexico and Central America), confirming that the ocean currents play a significant role as predictors of genetic differentiation and gene flow in Northwestern Mexico and the TEP. Due to the oceanography of the area, the southern localities supply larvae from the northern localities; therefore, disturbances in any southern localities could affect the surrounding areas and have impacts that spread beyond their political boundaries.
Behavioral Cloning Strategies in Steering Angle Prediction: Applications in Mobile Robotics and Autonomous Driving
Authors: Morga-Bonilla Sergio Iván , Rivas-Cambero Ivan , Torres-Jiménez Jacinto , Téllez-Cuevas Pedro , Núñez-Cruz Rafael Stanley , Perez-Arista Omar Vicente
Published: October 2024

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are artificial intelligence techniques that have made autonomous driving more efficient and accurate; however, autonomous driving faces ongoing challenges in the accuracy of decision making based on the analysis of the vehicle environment. A critical task of ANNs is steering angle prediction, which is essential for safe and effective navigation of mobile robots and autonomous vehicles. In this study, to optimize steering angle prediction, NVIDIA’s architecture was adapted and modified along with the implementation of the Swish activation function to train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by behavioral cloning. The CNN used human driving data obtained from the UDACITY beta simulator and tests in real scenarios, achieving a significant improvement in the loss function during training, indicating a higher efficiency in replicating human driving behavior. The proposed neural network was validated through implementation on a differential drive mobile robot prototype, by means of a comparative analysis of trajectories in autonomous and manual driving modes. This work not only advances the accuracy of steering angle predictions but also provides valuable information for future research and applications in mobile robotics and autonomous driving. The performance results of the model trained with the proposed CNN show improved accuracy in various operational contexts.
General Fault-Tolerant Operation of Electric-Drive-Reconstructed Onboard Charger Incorporating Asymmetrical Six-Phase Drive for EVs
Authors: Liu Xing , Cheng Xunhui , Yang Hui , Zhang Yuhao
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the fault-tolerant operation of an electric-drive-reconstructed onboard charger (EDROC) designed on the basis of an asymmetrical six-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (ASPMSM) drive is studied and discussed for cases where an open-phase fault (OPF) occurs in any phase. The fault-tolerant operation is realized by rearranging the stator currents, aiming to eliminate the rotating field caused by the OPFs and to ensure the balance of grid currents. Each faulty case is discussed, and the rearranging scheme of stator currents is deduced. Meanwhile, a controller shared for both healthy and faulty cases is designed. Finally, some experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical analyses.
Risk-Aware Lane Change and Trajectory Planning for Connected Autonomous Vehicles Based on a Potential Field Model
Authors: Wang Tao , Qu Dayi , Wang Kedong , Wei Chuanbao , Li Aodi
Published: October 2024

To enhance the safety of lane changes for connected autonomous vehicles in an intelligent transportation environment, this study draws from potential field theory to analyze variations in the risks that vehicles face under different traffic conditions. The safe minimum vehicle distance is dynamically adjusted, and a comprehensive vehicle risk potential field model is developed. This model systematically quantifies the risks encountered by connected autonomous vehicles during the driving process, providing a more accurate assessment of safety conditions. Subsequently, vehicle motion is decoupled into lateral and longitudinal components within the Frenet coordinate system, with quintic polynomials employed to generate clusters of potential trajectories. To improve computational efficiency, trajectory evaluation metrics are developed based on vehicle dynamics, incorporating factors such as acceleration, jerk, and curvature. An initial filtering process is applied to these trajectories, yielding a refined set of candidates. These candidate trajectories are further assessed using a minimum safety distance model derived from potential field theory, with optimization focusing on safety, comfort, and efficiency. The algorithm is tested in a three-lane curved simulation environment that includes both constant-speed and variable-speed lane change scenarios. Results show that the collision risk between the target vehicle and surrounding vehicles remains below the minimum safety distance threshold throughout the lane change process, ensuring a high level of safety. Furthermore, across various driving conditions, the target vehicle’s acceleration, jerk, and trajectory curvature remained well within acceptable limits, demonstrating that the proposed lane change trajectory planning algorithm successfully balances safety, comfort, and smoothness, even in complex traffic environments.
Driving the Future: An Analysis of Total Cost of Ownership for Electrified Vehicles in North America
Authors: Soszynska Patrycja , Saleh Huda , Kar Hana , Iyer Lakshmi Varaha , Viana Caniggia , Kar Narayan C.
Published: October 2024

As the number of electric vehicles (EVs) on North American roads continues to rise, driven by the shift toward sustainable transportation, understanding the economic implications of this transition is crucial. This review paper prioritizes an evaluation of the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for various types of EVs, providing insights into how different driving profiles align with the financial benefits of EV adoption. It demonstrates that at-home charging and government incentives are pivotal in reducing TCO. The analysis also offers a comprehensive overview of the factors driving EV growth, including declining operating and maintenance costs. Additionally, the paper explores adoption rates, charging infrastructure, and other non-monetary factors that influence consumer decisions in the shift to EVs. Conclusions emphasize that while EVs offer a financial advantage for many drivers, the success of broader adoption depends on decreasing the initial cost of EVs, developing charging infrastructure, and investing in charging networks.
Evolución normativa de la protección de datos personales en Ecuador: un análisis histórico
Authors: Cardet Sarduy Anniabel de la Caridad , Cárdenas Cobo Jesennia del Pilar
Published: October 2024

La protección de datos es importante dado el incremento en la circulación de información que existe actualmente. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre la evolución histórica de las normativas de protección de datos personales en Ecuador. Para identificar los documentos se siguió la metodología PRISMA, esta permitió estructurar etapas y organizar la búsqueda en bases de datos como Scopus, SciELO, Dialnet y Latindex, además en repositorios y páginas web gubernamentales empleando las palabras clave protección de datos personales, Ecuador, legislación, normativa, habeas data, datos sensibles, tratamiento de datos y seguridad de datos. Fueron identificados 150 documentos, 121 provenientes de bases de datos y 29 de otras vías, de los cuales se incluyeron 30; se excluyeron 49 por no estar a texto completo, 41 duplicados y 30 por no ajustarse al tema. Fueron identificados los hitos normativos de la protección de datos personales, declarados los beneficios de la LOPDP para la ciudadanía ecuatoriana, así como establecidas las semejanzas y diferencias entre la LOPDP y las legislaciones existentes en el contexto internacional, también se identificaron las brechas en el conocimiento respecto al tema. Se concluye que las normativas previas a pesar de no abordar de manera integral la protección de datos fueron junto con la influencia de la RGPD de la Unión Europea esenciales para crear un contexto legal y conciencia social sobre este tema, además, evidenciaron lo perentorio de un marco legal integral que abordara los desafíos modernos en lo que respecta a la protección de los datos.
Primary Stability and Osseointegration of the Implant in an Iatrogenically Oversized Cavity by Bone Substitute: An Animal Study
Authors: Jamalpour Mohammad Reza , Zolhavarieh Seyed Masoud , Zarei Hamid , Soltanian Alireza , Vahdatinia Farshid
Published: October 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the success rate of autogenous bone and combination of autogenous bone and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) grafts in restoring the primary stability and osseointegration of dental implants after the oversized preparation of the bone cavity in animal models. Methods: Three months after extracting 3 premolars from 4 male Terrier dogs, 24 implants were inserted in cavities larger than the fixture size. Then, based on the type of graft materials around the implant fixture, they were randomly divided into the autogenous bone group (A, n=8), the autogenous bone group with β-TCP (B, n=8), and the control group with no grafts (C, n=8). After 16 weeks, the removal torque quantity (RTQ) test and Periotest® were used for osseointegration assessment. Results: According to the results of the RTQ test, group B was significantly higher than group C (P=0.022), but no statistical difference was observed between groups A and B, as well as groups A and C. Based on the results, the Periotest® value significantly differed in group B compared to groups A (P=0.049) and C (P=0.014), but there was no difference between groups A and C in this regard. Conclusions: According to the findings of the study, the combination of autogenous bone graft and TCP could improve secondary stability and osseointegration of dental implants.
A Novel Approach for Apical Periodontitis Prevention Through RIPK3 Inhibition Using Organic Flavonoids
Authors: Karkehabadi Hamed , Sadr Soroush , Khoshbin Elham , Taherkhani Amir
Published: October 2024

Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) entails inflammatory bone resorption facilitated by the induction of necroptosis through receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3). Consequently, the inhibition of RIPK3 holds the potential for favorable effects in addressing AP. A comprehensive investigation, encompassing 44 flavonoids, was undertaken to identify potential inhibitors of RIPK3. Methods: The crystal structure of the RIPK3 catalytic domain (PDB ID: 7MON) underwent meticulous preparation through the removal of ligands and energy optimization. Overall, 44 flavonoids were examined in this study. Utilizing AutoDock 4.0, molecular docking analyses were performed to evaluate the binding energies within the active site of RIPK3 concerning the examined herbal isolates, with subsequent comparison to the results obtained from a positive control inhibitor. Furthermore, the BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer played a crucial role in elucidating the interactions between the top-ranked flavonoids and the residues of RIPK3. Results: Five distinct flavonoids—orientin, rutin, vicenin-2, amentoflavone, and nicotiflorin—manifested notable inhibitory effects on RIPK3, boasting inhibition constant values at either the femtomolar or picomolar scale. Notably, the first three members of this set showcased superior binding affinity to the active site of RIPK3 compared to the reference compound. Conclusion: The proposition arises that flavonoid, particularly orientin, rutin, vicenin-2, amentoflavone, and nicotiflorin, stand as promising herbal isolates for the therapeutic management of AP.
BRCA1/2 Immunohistochemical Analysis in Unicystic Ameloblastoma, Multicystic Ameloblastoma, and Ameloblastic Carcinoma
Authors: Irani Soussan , Rafizadeh Mitra
Published: October 2024

Background: Lesions arising from odontogenic tissues cover a wide spectrum, from simple cysts to benign tumors and even carcinomas. Unicystic ameloblastoma (UA), multicystic ameloblastoma (MA), and ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) are relatively common among these odontogenic lesions. Nevertheless, the exact origin of these lesions remains unclear. It is noteworthy that BRCA1/2 mutations have been identified as potential contributing factors to the onset of various cancers. The aim of the current study was to scrutinize the BRCA1/2 expression profiles in UA, MA, and AC samples. Methods: Biopsy specimens were collected from 60 patients, with 20 samples representing each lesion, sourced from the pathology department archive of a teaching hospital from 2000 to 2019. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted on all biopsy samples. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The differences in the data were compared with Mann- Whitney U test, and P<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test results revealed significant differences between the examined samples in terms of the cytoplasmic expression level of the BRCA1 basal cells (P<0.001). Regarding the cytoplasmic expression of BRCA1 stellate reticulum-like cells, there was a statistically significant difference between the examined groups (P<0.001). Furthermore, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated a significant difference concerning the cytoplasmic expression levels of BRCA2 basal cells between the studied groups (P<0.003). Based on the Kruskal-Wallis results, significant differences were found in terms of the cytoplasmic expression level of BRCA2 stellate reticulum-like cells between the investigated samples (P<0.001). The Mann-Whitney U test compared differences between the two examined groups. Conclusion: The findings mainly revealed the expression of BRCA1/2 at the invasive front, which is composed of the most aggressive cells. Molecular interactions in this area may affect tumor progression. BRCA1/2 mutations can be a promising future treatment option for ameloblastoma and related lesions.
Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Angulation and its Impact on Lingual Cortical Bone Thickness: A Retrospective Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Matta Vinutna Nanda , Reddy Reddy Sudhakara , Koneru Jyothirmai , Kumar Budumuru Ramesh , Sindhuja Sindhuja Yerrapragada , Jampana Sravani
Published: October 2024

Background: The removal of impacted lower third molars surgically can cause complications, and the lingual cortical bone thickness in this region becomes a determining factor in the risk of perforation and injury to the lingual nerve (LN). This study was conducted to assess the relationship between different angulations of impacted lower third molars based on Winter’s classification and the thickness of the lingual cortical bone. Variations in lingual cortical bone thickness among the genders were evaluated as well. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 50 impacted lower third molar teeth of 50 patients (26 men and 24 women) were evaluated in this study. The lingual bone thickness surrounding impacted lower mandibular teeth was measured at three key points, namely, the cemento-enamel junction of the second mandibular molar, the mid-root of the impacted third molar, and the root apex of the impacted third molar. Mesiodistal angulation and buccolingual angulations of the impacted mandibular third molars underwent investigation. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 23. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, multiple linear regression analysis, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the means of lingual cortical bone thickness surrounding the third molars based on Winter’s classification of third molars impacted at mesiodistal angulation (P=0.00). Regarding gender, buccolingual angulation demonstrated a statistically significant relationship among the means of lingual bone thickness around the third molars (P=0.022). Conclusion: In our study, the thickness of the lingual cortical bone was notably affected in the middle and apical areas of the impacted third molar region. The variable position of the LN near the mandible third molar region was significant in dental procedures due to its proximity. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging CBCT provides preoperative risk assessment that reduces preventable complications that cannot be answered by 2D imaging.
Orthodontic-Orthognathic Management of a Patient With Severe Mandibular Deficiency Due to Bicondylar Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Farhadian Nasrin , Miresmaeili Amirfarhang , Khodabandehloo Behrooz , Soltani–nia Omid , Fatehi Faryad
Published: October 2024

This case report is about a 30-year-old Iranian female. The patient’s chief complaint was the backwardness of the lower jaw. The patient reported a history of condylar fractures in childhood. There was crowding in the maxillary and mandibular arch, and the midline in the mandible was 2 mm deviated to the left. The canine and first premolar on the left side of the maxilla were extracted, and the canine on the left side of the mandible was impacted. Clinical examinations and paraclinical documents revealed that the patient was a skeletal class II case with mandibular deficiency, complicated by a vertical maxillary excess. Virtual surgery planning was used to plan the patient’s treatment. The amount of adhesion of soft tissue to hard tissue was also taken into consideration. According to the measurements of the patient and the class II, vertical maxillary excess of the patient, the shortness of the ramus, and the large angle of the occlusal plane, our chosen orthognathic surgery included bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, advancement genioplasty, and maxillary impaction.
Evaluation of the Remineralization Potential of an Herbal Non-fluoridated Dentifrice on Carious Lesions: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Gehlot Paras Mull , Shanbhog Raghvendra , Bhojraj Nandlal , Singh Jyoti , Katariya Mahesh , Bandyopadhyay Prasun
Published: October 2024

Background: This in vitro study compared the remineralization potential of Dabur red (DR), a non-fluoridated herbal toothpaste, with Colgate Strong Teeth (CST), a fluoride-based toothpaste, on permanent teeth with artificially created white spot lesions. Vickers microhardness (VMH), quantitative light-induced fluorescence system (QLF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for data analysis. Methods: Enamel samples were prepared from the buccal surface of forty-five extracted maxillary premolars and subjected to demineralization to achieve adequate fluorescence loss (ΔF). The samples were divided into DR, CST, and control groups (n=15) and underwent 21 days of pH cycling. VMH was measured at baseline and after 21 days. QLF imaging was performed on days 7, 14, and 21. One randomly selected sample from each group underwent SEM examination to compare morphological variations. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0. Intra-group comparisons were made with repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA), and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test was utilized for inter-group comparisons (P<0.05). Results: Mean VHN increased significantly in all three groups from baseline (DR=40.47, CST=41.91, control=36.42) to the 21st day (DR=119.47, CST=120.36, control=74.36) (P=0.00). Significant differences were found between the control and test groups, but not between DR and CST. No statistically significant difference was observed in ΔF at baseline and 7 days, but there were significant differences among the groups at 14 and 21 days. SEM images revealed dense mineralization for both DR and CST. Conclusion: After 21 days of in vitro remineralization, both DR and Colgate toothpaste demonstrated similar remineralizing potential as evaluated by surface MH and QLF.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PICKLING PROCESS ON THE PROPERTIES OF SEMI-FINISHED LEATHER PRODUCTS FROM OSTRICH SKINS
Authors: Sukhinina Tatyana V. , Gorbacheva Maria V. , Strepetova Oksana A. , Chursin Vyacheslav I.
Published: October 2024

The possibility of using aliphatic acids in the pickling process in the production of leather from ostrich skins, instead of alkaline treatment in the presence of calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, is considered. The results of experiments are presented and a comparative analysis of the results of assessing the state of the pelt and semi-finished product at various stages of the technological process is given, including on the basis of determining the structure of the dermis and elastic-plastic characteristics. It is shown that the proposed technology for obtaining a leather semi-finished product from ostrich skins, based on the use of step pickling in combination with single and double mechanical processing during fleshing and breaking, allows excluding the liming process from the production cycle, thereby reducing the negative impact on the environment.
INVESTIGATION OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF ENAMEL GRAINS FOR THE FORMATION OF MICROMOSAICS
Authors: Lebedeva Tatiana V. , Galanin Sergey I.
Published: October 2024

The paper investigates the possibilities of grains from hot enamels for the formation of micromosaics. Enamel grain with a diameter of 0.4…5.0 mm is made from pieces of crushed hot enamels that acquire a spherical shape during firing in a muffle furnace or with the help of a gas burner flame. The mosaic image is formed by densely laying out on a metal base with an applied adhesive layer of enamel grains of the same or different diameter in accordance with the artistic idea. Enamel grain from hot enamels has high techno-logical and aesthetic characteristics characteristic of hot enamels: hardness, durability, wide colour palette, beautiful shine, etc. All this makes enamel grain a promising material for mosaic work. The technique of mi-cromosaic from enamel grains has the widest potential for decorating jewellery and art products, as it al-lows you to embody any design ideas.
COMPETITIVE PROGRAMMING PLATFORM AND METHODS OF SAFELY EXECUTING UNTRUSTED CODE
Authors: Markov Ilya R. , Kulipanov Vadim A. , Orlov Alexander V.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the use of information systems for holding programming Olympiads, especially in the context of executing code from untrusted sources. An analysis of existing systems designed to ensure the safe execution of tasks by Olympiad participants is conducted, and the problems faced by organisers and developers of such systems are discussed. Their shortcomings are shown, such as complexity of use, limited functionality, commercial focus. A system is proposed that can function in the internal local network of an institution, providing the ability to hold both online and offline Olympiads. The article also pays attention to security measures that can be taken to minimise risks when executing code from untrusted sources. The authors focus on the analysis of existing isolation and virtualisation methods, identifying their advantages and disadvantages.
A Study on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India - Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Abdul Rahuman M , Abdhul Rahim A
Published: October 2024

In our country, the MSME plays a major role in the economy and social development of the country. Currently, the MSME sector contributes more strength to the development of our nation. India provides various opportunities for the entrepreneur. The MSME concentrates on skill development and creates awareness among entrepreneurs. MSMEs provide various opportunities for entrepreneurs. The banking sector offers loans and training for people in need. The labour-concentrated sector helps reduce imbalances in the region. The MSME plays a major role in all types of the sector like khadi & village industries, coir industries, etc.. The entrepreneur as well as employees gain more knowledge through the MSMEs sector.. This paper is an attempt to study the opportunities and challenges faced by micro, small, and medium enterprises in the country.
Examination of Phytochemical Composition using GC-MS and Assessment of Antibacterial Efficacy of Indian Geranium Oil against Aeromonas Caviae
Authors: Nagappan Devika , Sivaraj Madhavan , Gnanavel Balasubramanian , Periyasamy Sivamani , Kamalanathan Ashok , Chinnappan Baskaran
Published: October 2024

Geranium oil, extracted from the leaves and flowers of the geranium plant, holds a significant position for its potential health benefits. This essential oil has found utility in both traditional and alternative medicinal practices, showcasing its versatility across diverse healthcare methodologies. This study systematically analyzed the chemical composition of geranium oil, identifying a diverse array of compounds. Notably, Aminoacetonitrile, 3-Nitro-2-methyl propene, and 2,6-Octadiene (E,E) emerged as predominant components in the analysis. These compounds, including acetic anhydride, serve as vital precursors in pharmaceutical drug synthesis and other organic compound formations. The antibacterial efficacy of geranium oil against Aeromonas caviae was evaluated, revealing notable inhibitory effects of 17 mm at an elevated concentration of 30 µg/µl. The mechanisms underlying this antibacterial activity may be attributed to bioactive compounds present in geranium oil, such as citronellol, geraniol, and linalool, each known for their antimicrobial properties. Further research is essential to precisely elucidate these mechanisms and comprehensively evaluate the safety and efficacy of geranium oil for potential therapeutic applications.
Navigating the Mauritian Creative Landscape: Insights into Collective Management Organization of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights in Mauritius
Authors: Louise Gerard , Dookhitram Kumar , Blakeney Michael , Allen Patrick
Published: October 2024

A thorough analysis of collective management organisations (CMOs) in the unique sociocultural and economic context of Mauritius is presented in this article. By employing a comprehensive methodology that encompasses various case studies and qualitative research techniques like interviews and organisational document analysis, it provides significant understanding of the roles, challenges, and impacts of CMOs in directing and balancing creativity in the Mauritius setting. This study sheds light on the complexities and opportunities present in collective management within Mauritius’ dynamic creative sectors through an examination of operational processes, legislative frameworks, and the socio-economic contributions of CMOs. Minimal election attendance, numerous complaints and conflicts, poor enforcement of intellectual property rights, operational inefficiencies, minimal stakeholder involvement, and poor market dynamics are some of the particular challenges that CMOs in Mauritius confront. The modernisation of the legislative framework, the use of technological advancements, capacity building, income stream diversification, public awareness and advocacy campaigns, and the potential for African and regional unity are some of the special opportunities that CMOs have in Mauritius. This paper offers crucial insights for decision-makers, interested parties, and scholars who want to improve the sustainability and efficacy of collective management techniques, with the ultimate goal of promoting an atmosphere that encourages innovation, creativity, and the fair sharing of intellectual property rights in Mauritius.
The Impact on People who Trade on the Fish Species ‘Limnothrissa miodon’ - Kapenta for their Livelihood: Practical Perceptions of Traders of Siavonga
Authors: K Sripathi Sumathi , Mubaku M
Published: October 2024

Lake Kariba is the world’s largest man-made lake and reservoir by volume. It lies 1300km upstream from the Indian Ocean, along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. Lake Kariba was filled between 1958 and 1963 following the completion of the Kariba dam at its north eastern end flooding the Kariba Gorge on the Zambezi River. Culturally controversial, the local people believed that the construction of the dam would anger the Zambezi river god Nyami-nyami, who rise up and cause the dam would wall to collapse destroying the bridge as well as resulting in floods of catastrophic proportions. It is believed that the Nyami-nyami lives under a rock close to the Kariba dam wall. The rock is called ‘Kariwa’ meaning trap as the local people believed if you canoed past its location you would be sucked down in whirlpool never to be seen again. This where the name Kariba originates from, laced with the local mythology. In the late 1960s a type of fish Limnothrissa miodon locally known as Kapenta was introduced in Lake Kariba from lake Tanganyika. Kapenta is a small sardine fish which supports a large and viable fishery for Zimbabwe and Zambia. Kapenta, a type of fish also known as fresh water sardine has several chemical compositions that help reduce the risk of various diseases including prostate cancer. A recent chemical composition analysis of Kapenta by the National Food and Nutrition Commission (NFNC) shows a great variation in the nutrient composition for the dry and fresh Kapenta. NFNC principal nutritionist Mr. Musonda Mofu says dry Kapenta contains 209 calories of food energy compared with 85 calories of food energy in fresh Kapenta. In addition dry Kapenta contains 63 grammes of protein and only 16 grams of protein in fresh Kapenta. The paper reflects on the declining population of this small nutrient rich fish due to over-harvesting, climatic changes with increasing temperatures and with the decreasing levels of water storage. A cumulative study on the pattern of nurturing the fish for economic and social flexibility is the main concern of this paper.