bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal blended learning curriculum for bedside ultrasound education in pulmonary and critical care fellowship
Authors: Kuperstein Harry , Gada Kunal , Alam Werda , Ahmad Sahar
Published: January 2025

Background

There exists no standardized longitudinal curriculum for teaching bedside ultrasonography (US) in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) fellowship programs. Given the importance of mastering bedside US in clinical practice, we developed an integrated year-long US curriculum for first-year PCCM fellows.

Methods

11 first-year PCCM fellows completed the entire seven-step Blended Learning Curriculum. We provide results from an evaluation of Step I, the initial training course. Evaluation included a 17-question multiple-choice knowledge test and a hands-on skill exam delivered pre-, immediately post-, and 6 months post-course. Performance on these same evaluation measures was compared between learners who completed a traditionally designed curriculum, which contained a formal in-person didactic course, and learners who completed a blended learning curriculum covering the same learning objectives.

Results

All learners showed a significant improvement immediately after the course in both knowledge (p = 0.007) and skills (p = 0.004) with adequate retention of both knowledge and skills after 6 months. Scores on a multiple-choice knowledge test increased from a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 24% (15–41%) pre-course to a median of 71% (59–82%) post-course, while scores on a hands-on skill exam increased from a median of 16% (7–45%) pre-course to a median of 87% (74–94%) post-course. There was no difference in learning or retention between those who learned via the blended learning model as compared with a more traditional model. Learners agreed the course was well-designed, with relevant learning topics, sufficient time to learn, and fair evaluation modalities. The blended learning model required 15 fewer faculty-hours than the traditional learning model.

Discussion

A blended learning model for bedside US education implemented at a single PCCM fellowship performs comparably to a traditional model for both acquisition and retention of knowledge and skills. The incorporation of asynchronous learning mitigates the barrier of insufficient time and quantity of US skilled teaching faculty that many PCCM fellowships face and provides flexibility to both instructors and learners.
Indirect contacts between Danish pig farms – what are the frequencies and risk-reducing measures, and how can they be used in simulation models?
Authors: Fertner Mette , Conrady Beate , Røgind Anne Sax , Nielsen Elisabeth Okholm , Boklund Anette
Published: January 2025

Background

Information on indirect contacts (e.g. contact with visitors and non-porcine species on farms, shared staff and equipment, contact with trucks) is often poorly recorded even though it constitutes a risk in terms of disease transmission. The aim of the present study was to quantify the number of indirect contacts and associated biosecurity measures in Danish pig herds. A questionnaire survey was conducted among both veterinarians and pig producers in Denmark during 2022–2023. The veterinary questionnaire resulted in 143 answers, representing the Veterinary Health Advisory Service contracts for 53% of non-hobby pig farms. The questionnaire for the pig producers resulted in 373 valid responses and a final response rate of 18%. The results from the veterinary questionnaire provide information on veterinary contacts between pig farms and also estimates on the agreement between registration data and real-life observations.

Results

The questionnaire for veterinarians stated that the majority of veterinarians specialized within pig practice would visit > 3 pig farms per day, with pig farms being located with an average distance between the farms of 15 km. The veterinarians presumed wind, movement of pigs and trucks transporting pigs to be the main routes of PRRS infection. The questionnaire for pig producers provides updated data on indirect contacts (e.g. contact with visitors and non-porcine species on farms, sharing of staff and equipment, procedures for purchase/delivery of pigs and contact with trucks) stratified in terms of farm type and production type. Among respondents, 10% of the pig producers shared staff, while 2% shared equipment (washing robots) with other farms, excluding farms in a joint operation. When purchasing gilts, 70% of the participating pig producers introduced gilts in line with recommendations for strict quarantine for a minimum of 42 days. The delivery of the pigs varied, depending on the type of pigs being delivered: finishers were typically delivered for slaughter through delivery facilities into a (usually empty) slaughterhouse truck, while sows for slaughter were typically delivered by means of a delivery truck offsite into a slaughterhouse truck (usually with other pigs on board).

Conclusion

Since the inclusion of indirect contacts in disease spread models relies on valid data, the present study provided valuable data regarding the frequencies and biosecurity measures of indirect contacts between Danish pig herds, which may be useful in the parametrization of computational epidemiological models.
Structural and topological analysis of thiosemicarbazone-based metal complexes: computational and experimental study of bacterial biofilm inhibition and antioxidant activity
Authors: El‑Sayed Doaa S. , Hassan Shaymaa S. , Jassim Liblab S. , Issa Ali Abdullah , AL-Oqaili Firas , Albayaty Mustafa k. , Hasoon Buthenia A. , Jabir Majid S. , Rasool Khetam H. , Elbadawy Hemmat A.
Published: January 2025

The structural and electronic behavior of thiosemicarbazone (TSC)-based metal complexes of Mn (II), Fe (II), and Ni (II) have been investigated. The synthesized metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, the computational path helped with further structural investigation. The solubility test on the TSC and its complexes revealed their solubility in most organic solvents. DFT computational analysis was performed, and quantum reactivity parameters of the octahedral optimized complexes were calculated to describe the reactivity via the stability states of the synthesized complexes. FMOs map was generated to confirm similar findings and MEP analysis was applied to elaborate the important electrophilic and nucleophilic sites on the studied surfaces. Also, other important topological analyses such as electron localization function and reduced density gradient, to establish the favorable noncovalent interactions, were studied. In silico molecular docking approach was studied against the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus to predict the potent inhibition behavior of the studied complexes. The findings summarized the inhibition prediction of the most interactive [NiL2Cl2], then [FeL2Cl2] complexes as confirmed by the binding energy values (− 7.1 kacl/mol and − 6.4 kacl/mol, respectively). Another In silico results, with gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), estimated similar results of the experimental finding, where [MnL2Cl2] (− 9.2 kcal/mol) is the more effective predicted antibacterial inhibitor. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine the inhibition of bacterial biofilm, and the DPPH assay was used to measure antioxidant activity, followed by an understanding of the behavior of the current complexes toward free radicals’ removal. The findings observed less aggregated bacterial strains covered with the studied complexes leading to less dense biofilm covering.
Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of a social network-based, peer-led HIV self-testing intervention among men in two Ugandan fishing communities, 2022
Authors: Matovu Joseph KB , Namwama Aisha Twahiri , Kemigisha Linda , Taasi Geoffrey , Nakabugo Jennipher , Wandabwa Julius , Bogart Laura M. , Fakier Nuraan , Wanyenze Rhoda K. , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Musinguzi Joshua , Serwadda David
Published: January 2025

Background

Social network-based interventions can improve uptake of health interventions. However, limited evidence exists on their feasibility and acceptability in fishing community settings. We assessed the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of a social network-based, peer-led HIV self-testing (HIVST) intervention among men in Uganda.

Methods

The PEer-led HIVST intervention for MEN (PEST4MEN) is a pilot intervention conducted among men in Kalangala and Buvuma districts. Baseline data were collected in July 2022 and follow-up data in September 2022. The intervention was implemented through 22 trained lay men (“peer-leaders”) who received training in HIVST use and distribution processes and requested to refer at least 20 male members from their social networks for study eligibility screening. To be eligible, men had to be aged 15 years or older with unknown or HIV-negative status. After the baseline interview, men were requested to pick two oral fluid-based HIVST kits from their peer-leaders. The intervention was deemed feasible if peer-leaders gave-out > 80% of the kits and acceptable if > 80% of the kits’ recipients used them to self-test for HIV. At the follow-up interview, newly diagnosed HIV-positive men were asked if they had linked to HIV care. Data were descriptively analyzed using STATA version 16.0.

Results

Of 475 screened men, 400 (84.2%) met the eligibility criteria and completed the baseline interview. Of these, 56.7% (n = 227) were engaged in fishing or fishing-related activities. At follow-up, 361 men (90.2%) were interviewed; 98.3% (n = 355) received at least one kit from their peer-leaders. Nearly all (99.1%, n = 352) kits’ recipients used them to self-test for HIV. Of the 352 HIV self-testers, 51 men (14.5%) had reactive (positive) HIV self-test results. Nearly one-third of the HIV self-tested men (31.4%, n = 16) were first-time HIV-positive testers. Of these, 87.5% (n = 14) went for confirmatory HIV testing, 50.0% (n = 7) were confirmed as HIV-positive and 71.4% (n = 5) were linked to HIV care.

Conclusion

Our peer-led HIVST intervention was feasible and acceptable and identified newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who were linked to HIV care. However, while these results are promising, we recommend additional research in a randomized controlled trial prior to the eventual roll-out of this intervention.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.Gov: NCT05685498 (retrospectively registered on January 17, 2023).
Exploring timely and safe discharge from ICU: a comparative study of machine learning predictions and clinical practices
Authors: Wu Chao Ping , Shirley Rachel Benish , Milinovich Alex , Liu Kaiyin , Mireles-Cabodevila Eduardo , Khouli Hassan , Duggal Abhijit , Bhattacharyya Anirban
Published: January 2025

Background

The discharge practices from the intensive care unit exhibit heterogeneity and the recognition of eligible patients for discharge is often delayed. Recognizing the importance of safe discharge, which aims to minimize readmission and mortality, we developed a dynamic machine-learning model. The model aims to accurately identify patients ready for discharge, offering a comparison of its effectiveness with physician decisions in terms of safety and discrepancies in discharge readiness assessment.

Methods

This retrospective study uses data from patients in the medical ICU from 2015-to-2019 to develop ML models. The models were based on dynamic ICU-readily available features such as hourly vital signs, laboratory results, and interventions and were developed using various ML algorithms. The primary outcome was the hourly prediction of ICU discharge without readmission or death within 72 h post-discharge. These outcomes underwent subsequent validation within a distinct cohort from the year 2020. Additionally, the models’ performance was assessed in comparison to physician judgments, with any discrepancies between the two carefully analyzed.

Result

In the 2015-to-2019 cohort, the study included 17,852 unique ICU admissions. The LightGBM model outperformed other algorithms, achieving a AUROC of 0.91 (95%CI 0.9–0.91) and performance was held in the 2020 validation cohort (n = 509) with an AUROC of 0.85 (95%CI 0.84–0.85). The calibration result showed Brier score of 0.254 (95%CI 0.253–0.255). The physician agreed with the models’ discharge-readiness prediction in 84.5% of patients. In patients discharged by physicians but not deemed ready by our model, the relative risk of 72-h post-ICU adverse outcomes was 2.32 (95% CI 1.1–4.9). Furthermore, the model predicted patients’ readiness for discharge between 5 (IQR: 2–13.5) and 9 (IQR: 3–17) hours earlier in our selected thresholds.

Conclusion

The study underscores the potential of ML models in predicting patient discharge readiness, mirroring physician behavior closely while identifying eligible patients earlier. It also highlights ML models can serve as a promising screening tool to enhance ICU discharge, presenting a pathway toward more efficient and reliable critical care decision-making.
Effect of muscle energy technique versus Pilates on functional outcomes among physiotherapy students with non-specific neck pain
Authors: Arul Janani , R Rachana
Published: January 2025

Background

Neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that can impact the academic performance and well-being of college students, particularly those in healthcare programs. While both muscle energy technique (MET) and Pilates have shown promise in treating non-specific neck pain, their comparative effectiveness remains unclear.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of Pilates and MET on pain, disability, and deep neck flexor strength in physiotherapy students with non-specific neck pain.

Objectives

The objective was to assess the effects of Pilates and MET on pain, disability, and neck flexor strength using the painDETECT Questionnaire and Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire.

Methodology

A total of 32 physiotherapy students were divided into two groups: Group A (Pilates, n = 16) and Group B (MET, n = 16). The painDETECT Questionnaire, Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire, and pressure biofeedback were used to assess pain, disability, and neck flexor strength. Both groups underwent a 3-week intervention, with three sessions per week.

Results

Both groups showed significant improvements in pain, disability, and neck flexor strength (p < 0.05). The MET group had a slightly greater reduction in pain (− 13.51%) compared to Pilates (− 11.27%), while the Pilates group showed marginally better improvement in disability (− 48.00% vs. − 46.53%).

Conclusion

MET and Pilates are both effective in reducing pain, improving disability, and enhancing deep neck flexor strength in students with non-specific neck pain. Both interventions present viable treatment options for managing neck pain in college students.
The impact of air pollution on neurodegenerative diseases: a narrative review of current evidence
Authors: Aderinto Nicholas , Ajagbe Abayomi Oyeyemi , Olatunji Gbolahan , Kokori Emmanuel , Ogieuhi Ikponmwosa Jude , Abdulbasit Muili Opeyemi , Babalola Adetola Emmanuel , Mobolaji Ayoola Abdulateef , Edun Mariam Tolulope , Giwa Kudirat Abike , Olawade David , Oyewo Oluwaseun , Ezeano Chimezirim
Published: January 2025

This narrative review explores the relationship between air pollution and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Historically, air pollution has been linked primarily to respiratory and cardiovascular issues, but recent evidence suggests that it may also impact neurological health. With the global increase in neurodegenerative diseases, understanding environmental risk factors has become crucial. The review synthesizes findings from recent studies, highlighting the potential role of air pollutants—particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and heavy metals—in the onset and progression of NDs. Key mechanisms under investigation include brain inflammation and microglial activation, which are believed to contribute to neurodegenerative processes. Animal and human studies have shown correlations between air pollution exposure and increased risk of cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Research indicates that air pollution may exacerbate neuroinflammation and cause white matter abnormalities, which disrupt neural communication and cognitive function. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that environmental factors like residential greenness and climate action could mitigate some of these adverse effects. Despite advancements, significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding the long-term impact of chronic exposure and the specific molecular pathways involved. This review shows the need for further research to clarify these mechanisms and develop targeted interventions. Addressing air pollution’s impact on neurodegenerative diseases requires comprehensive public health strategies, including stricter environmental regulations and increased awareness, alongside continued research into preventive and therapeutic measures.
Shear properties of jointed dual-pylon of the cable-stayed bridge with separated unequal-width decks under asymmetric load
Authors: Luo Chao , Xin Jingzhou , Yang Jiafeng , Jiang Yan , Huang Lei , Zhou Jianting
Published: January 2025

The significant load disparity between the two decks of a cable-stayed bridge with separated unequal-width decks results in complex asymmetric static effects in the jointed dual-pylon. To investigate the structural behaviour and reliability of the jointed dual-pylon under asymmetric loads, a 1:30 scaled model test and numerical simulation were conducted based on the world's first road-railway same-level cable-stayed bridge with jointed pylons. The test results indicate when the unbalanced horizontal force of the jointed dual-pylon structure reaches its maximum during the service phase, the stress at the dual-pylon connectivity node remains relatively low, indicating good shear resistance of the dual-pylon connectivity node. Structural failure occurs when the load reaches 1.82 times the maximum shear stress at the tower column merging section, and the railway beam will experience severe cracking and stiffness degradation, ultimately leading to loss of bearing capacity. The calculation results further reveal that under the combined action of dead load, full-span moving load, and lateral wind load, the minimum calculated nonlinear stability coefficient of the dual-pylon connectivity node is 1.65. Moving load and longitudinal wind load have minimal impact on the nonlinear stability coefficient, and the dead load and lateral wind load primarily govern the failure of the dual-pylon connectivity node.
Super pan-genome reveals extensive genomic variations associated with phenotypic divergence in Actinidia
Authors: Yu Xiaofen , Qu Minghao , Wu Pan , Zhou Miao , Lai Enhui , Liu Huan , Guo Sumin , Li Shan , Yao Xiaohong , Gao Lei
Published: January 2025

Kiwifruit is an economically and nutritionally important horticultural fruit crop worldwide. The genomic data of several kiwifruit species have been released, providing an unprecedented opportunity for pan-genome analysis to comprehensively investigate the inter- and intra-species genetic diversity and facilitate utilization for kiwifruit breeding. Here, we generated a kiwifruit super pan-genome using 15 high-quality assemblies of eight Actinidia species. For gene-based pan-genome, a total of 61,465 gene families were identified, and the softcore and dispensable genes were enriched in biological processes like response to endogenous stimulus, response to hormone and cell wall organization or biogenesis. Then, structural variations (SVs) against A. chinensis ‘Donghong’ were identified and then used to construct a graph-based genome. Further population-scale SVs based on resequencing data from 112 individuals of 20 species revealed extensive SVs which probably contributed to the phenotypic diversity among the Actinidia species. SV hotspot regions were found contributed to environmental adaptation. Furthermore, we systematically identified resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in the 15 assemblies and generated a pan-RGA dataset to reveal the diversity of genes potentially involved in disease resistance in Actinidia. The pan-genomic data obtained here is useful for evolutionary and functional genomic studies in Actinidia, and facilitates breeding design.
Distributed acoustic sensing, transfer functions and moment magnitude determination: application to high-frequency downhole data
Authors: Boullenger Boris , Butcher Antony , Paap Bob , Vandeweijer Vincent , Stork Anna L.
Published: January 2025

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) enables sampling seismic wavefields along optical fibers at a spatial resolution of less than one meter, over distances beyond several tens of kilometers. This makes DAS a powerful tool to record seismic events densely along 2D directions, whether horizontally along the Earths surface or vertically in boreholes. Compared to traditional seismic sensors measuring ground motion units, DAS provides uniaxial strain measurements along the fiber with often imperfectly known transfer functions between the measurements and true ground motion. This can generate uncertainties in the derivation of seismic source parameters, such as the magnitude, that require an absolute measurement of the ground motion and a known instrument response. In this study, we examine the DAS transfer function, mapping DAS data to reference velocity records obtained from multiple co-located accelerometers. Our investigation makes use of downhole recordings from the FORGE (Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy) field site situated in Utah, USA. Overall, we find that the DAS response estimated at different depth positions follows a consistent trend and deviates significantly from a flat response only below 80 Hz. An average site-specific DAS system response is then used to convert microseismic event recordings into calibrated velocity records with improved amplitude accuracies. Subsequently moment magnitudes Mw are derived from the P-wave records with results matching the independent accelerometer-based estimations with high fidelity for events with Mw > -1.0.
Metastatic Insulinoma Managed With Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Young Female Patient
Authors: Bondarenko Darya , Thelmo Franklin L , Shirodkar Monika K
Published: January 2025

Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms and causes of hypoglycemia. They present with neuroglycopenic symptoms, including confusion and seizures. Suspected diagnosis must be confirmed through bloodwork and imaging. The majority of insulinomas are benign and cured surgically; less than 10% of insulinomas are malignant. Malignant insulinomas present a unique and rare challenge in managing persistent hypoglycemia and tumor burden. We present a case of a young woman who presented with Whipple triad and high-grade masses in her pancreas, liver, and distant lymph node metastases on imaging. Insulinoma was diagnosed. Hypoglycemia was managed with continuous dextrose infusion, diazoxide, and lanreotide. She was discharged on medical management and a continuous glucose monitor. Her metastatic disease is being treated with a capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM) regimen showing 30% reduction in tumor burden. In conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, she is undergoing evaluation with numerous neuroendocrine tumor surgeons for cytoreductive surgery.
Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia Localized by Systemic Venous Sampling and 68Ga-DOTATOC Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Nakao Tomomi , Takeshima Ken , Morita Shuhei , Yamauchi Ichiro , Koyasu Sho , Matsuoka Taka-Aki
Published: January 2025

Tumor-induced osteomalacia is characterized by hypophosphatemia and fragility fractures caused by fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-producing tumors. We report a case of tumor-induced osteomalacia in which the tumor location could be determined by gallium 68 (68Ga)-DOTATOC positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). A 74-year-old woman had recurrent fractures and bone pain. Blood tests showed hypophosphatemia and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and FGF23 levels and CT and bone scintigraphy showed multiple bone fractures. Tumor-induced osteomalacia was therefore suspected. Indium 111 (111In)-pentetreotide scintigraphy showed focus of increased activity in the head, and CT and magnetic resonance images showed a mass-like lesion in the posterior ethmoidal sinus. However, in systemic venous sampling, serum FGF23 level was highest in the left common iliac vein. 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT clearly demonstrated focal uptake in the left anterior inferior iliac spine consistent with systemic venous sampling. Retrospectively analyzed, focal uptake in the head was considered to be a physiological uptake in the pituitary gland. The tumor was resected and the pathological diagnosis was phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor. A combination of systemic venous sampling and 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT was useful in detection of a small FGF23-producing tumor. Precise tumor localization in such cases requires careful interpretation of scintigraphy.
Recurrent Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Successfully Treated With Radiation and Immunotherapy
Authors: Hamidi Sarah , Ning Matthew S , Phan Jack , Zafereo Mark E , Gule-Monroe Maria K , Dadu Ramona
Published: January 2025

A 65-year-old patient presented with recurrent, locally advanced poorly differentiated thyroid cancer despite 2 neck surgeries, and with newly diagnosed brain and skull base metastases. He was treated with palliative stereotactic radiosurgery to the brain and skull base lesions. Thereafter, as no targetable genetic alteration was identified and antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitors were deemed at high risk of hemorrhagic complications, off-label systemic therapies were considered. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus could not be obtained due to lack of insurance coverage, so the patient was treated with single-agent pembrolizumab. He showed an initial remarkable response, but unfortunately had disease progression in the neck and upper mediastinum after 1 year of therapy. At that time, he was treated with external beam radiotherapy, with concomitant pembrolizumab. He was then found to have an CTSB::ALK fusion, which has previously been described in 2 cases of thyroid cancer. However, as he showed a positive response to radiation with pembrolizumab, he continued single-agent immune checkpoint inhibition and had a persistent marked response almost a year after completing radiation. The patient was then followed at an outside institution and was transitioned to hospice at time of progression per his preference. He died 4 years after his initial diagnosis.
A Novel Pathogenic CDC73 Gene Variant in Hyperparathyroidism-jaw Tumor Syndrome
Authors: Ishida Yuto , Hirose Rei , Nakano Masahide , Tsurutani Yuya
Published: January 2025

Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) is a rare hereditary disorder caused by pathogenic CDC73 gene variants. We report the case of a patient with HPT-JT who carried a novel germline pathogenic CDC73 variant. A 27-year-old woman presented with thirst, polyuria, fatigue, constipation, and a history of fibro-osseous mandible lesions and endometrial polyps. Examination revealed hypercalcemia and grossly elevated PTH levels with hypercalciuria accompanied by a right lower parathyroid tumor with concordant imaging, suggesting primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Given that she had early-onset PHPT and a history of fibro-osseous mandible lesions, HPT-JT was suspected. Genetic testing identified a novel frameshift variant in exon 1 of CDC73. En bloc resection was planned based on the suspicion of parathyroid carcinoma. However, because no findings suggestive of carcinoma were observed intraoperatively, thyroidectomy was not performed. Despite the surgery, PHPT persisted postoperatively, and further evaluation revealed the presence of a residual ectopic left upper parathyroid adenoma, necessitating additional surgery. High-impact pathogenic CDC73 variants are linked to a high risk of parathyroid carcinoma and multiglandular disease. In patients with such variants and clinically suspected parathyroid carcinoma, bilateral neck exploration with subtotal parathyroidectomy may be recommended, with en bloc resection added if intraoperative findings suggest carcinoma.
Trans Milieus
Authors: Clare Stephanie D. , Savage Maxine
Published: January 2025

This essay considers queer ecology's engagement with transness with the goal of clarifying what it is that trans ecology, in particular, has to offer: a centering of trans people and phenomena, a more radical reworking of the concept of “nature,” one entangled with the field's treatment of “biological sex,” and an attentiveness to questions concerning home, habitat, and milieu. To develop this argument, the essay analyzes important works of queer and trans ecology, from Catriona Sandilands and Bruce Erickson's Queer Ecologies (2010) to writing by Oliver Baez Bendorf, Susan Stryker, and Marquis Bey. Finally, the essay outlines how the writing of the twentieth-century French physician and philosopher, Georges Canguilhem, underread in trans studies yet influential among scholars of disability, provides a helpful framework for trans ecologies as it departs from both empirical and new materialist approaches.
Chromosome number alterations cause apoptosis and cellular hypertrophy in induced pluripotent stem cell models of embryonic epiblast cells
Authors: Martis Althea Stella Anil , Soundararajan Loshini , Shetty Pallavi , Moin Syed , Vanje Tejashree , Jai Sankar Yogeshwaran , Parveen Shagufta
Published: January 2025

Chromosomal aneuploidies are a major cause of developmental failure and pregnancy loss. To investigate the possible consequences of aneuploidy on early embryonic development in vitro, we focused on primed pluripotent stem cells that are relatable to the epiblast of post-implantation embryos in vivo. We used human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as an epiblast model and altered chromosome numbers by treating with reversine, a small-molecule inhibitor of monopolar spindle 1 kinase (MSP1) that inactivates the spindle assembly checkpoint, which has been strongly implicated in chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy generation. Upon reversine treatment, we obtained cells with varied chromosomal content that retained pluripotency and potential to differentiate into cells of three germ lineages. However, these cells displayed lagging chromosomes, increased micronuclei content, high p53 expression and excessive apoptotic activity. Cell proliferation was not affected. Prolonged in vitro culture of these cells resulted in a selective pool of cells with supernumerary chromosomes, which exhibited cellular hypertrophy, enlarged nuclei, and overproduction of total RNAs and proteins. We conclude that increased DNA damage responses, apoptosis, and improper cellular mass and functions are possible mechanisms that contribute to abnormal epiblast development.
Experimental of the Tsonos model for predicting joint behavior in reinforced concrete frames
Authors: Golias Emmanouil
Published: January 2025

Pushover analysis is widely regarded as the most accurate method for determining the bearing capacity of existing structures. To achieve a realistic assessment, it is essential to consider all possible failure modes. In many existing structures, joints are often designed with minimal or no transverse reinforcement, making joint failure more likely to occur before the failure of the connected members. This study employs a well-known joint behavior simulation to examine this scenario. The pushover analysis is terminated upon detecting joint failure, as it signifies a brittle failure. Analyses are performed on typical frames using both conventional criteria and the proposed joint failure criteria. The results are presented, ranked, and discussed.
A novel framework for online decision-making and feedback optimization of complex products process parameter based on edge-cloud collaboration
Authors: han chong , zhou guanghui , zhang chao , yu yongrui , ma dongxu
Published: January 2025

Background Intelligent manufacturing is perceived as a manufacturing mode with powerful learning and cognitive capabilities empowered by information technologies such as the internet of things, edge computing, and cloud computing. The mode can be used to address the problems of low intelligence and poor timeliness of traditional process planning. Methods The framework includes the multi-objective process planning method based on real-time data, and the process closed-loop optimization mechanism of “cloud-based theoretical process planning plus edge MEC side online simulation verification and real-time feedback adjustment”, which realizes online process planning and iterative optimization in mass customization. Results The feasibility of the online analysis method for thin-walled part milling deformation is verified by taking the finishing process of aerospace thin-walled parts as an example. The experimental results show that the simulation time on the single analysis step is reduced from 6s to 1s, and the accuracy rate is 86.9%. Conclusions A new intelligent process planning theoretical framework integrating with online process planning and autonomous collaborative control, namely, digital twin and multi-access edge computing process planning (DT-MEC-PP) is proposed in this paper.
Assessing the stability of psychobiological stress reactivity during adolescence: mixed-effect modelling of cortisol responses to laboratory stressors
Authors: O'Shea Jen , Dockray Samantha , Susman Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Background Puberty has been historically considered as a time of risk and vulnerability for young people. It is associated with rapid development in the hypothalamus, which is central in the production of both stress and sex steroids. While patterns of stress reactivity are calibrated in early life, this time of rapid development may provide a means for these patterns to change. This purpose of this study was to examine whether patterns of cortisol reactivity remained stable across one year of pubertal development, and whether variations in pubertal development impacted on this stability. Methods This study used a secondary dataset comprised of 102 adolescent-aged children and adolescents. Children and adolescents took part in the Trier Social Stress Test to elicit a physiological stress response. Cortisol reactivity was measured as the increase in salivary cortisol concentration taken at five time points throughout the session. Pubertal stage was measured by nurse report where possible, and parent/self-report otherwise and was used to calculate pubertal timing and tempo relative to peers. Measures of anxiety, BMI, and socio-economic status were taken and included in analysis. Results Results of a linear mixed-effect model found there to be a significant difference in cortisol reactivity over time, indicating that cortisol stress reactivity did not remain stable during this time (Estimate= 3.39, t=3.67, p<.001, CI[1.56, 5.22]). Additionally, results show children and adolescents who developed slower/quicker than peers displayed decreased stress reactivity (Estimate= -3.59, t=-2.13. p=.03, CI[-6.92, -0.25]). Conclusions This research contributes to a relatively small but consistent body of research noting pattern of increased cortisol reactivity during pubertal development. While a significant effect was found for pubertal tempo, this finding should not be considered indicative of any true effect.
Delirium and Cognitive Screening in National Hip Fracture Registries: Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Merriman Niamh A. , Penfold Rose S. , Brent Louise , Hickey Pamela , Walsh Mary E. , Sexton Eithne , Coughlan Tara , MacLullich Alasdair M. J. , Johansen Antony , Ojeda-Thies Cristina , Hall Andrew J. , Blake Catherine
Published: January 2025

Background Delirium and cognitive impairment are common in hip fracture populations and are associated with significant adverse patient outcomes. National hip fracture registries facilitate improvements in patient outcomes and care quality, such as reduced mortality and the development of specialist multidisciplinary services. However, there is substantial variation in the data collected and reported in relation to delirium and cognition, which impedes international comparison and may reduce quality of care. Objective This scoping review aims to identify delirium and cognition data items currently collected by hip fracture registries internationally, to identify associated registry guidance that exists for the administration of delirium and cognitive screening tools, and report outcomes of these data items across the most recently published annual reports of identified hip fracture registries. Methods This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We will search the following databases: Medline Ovid; Embase; CINAHL EBSCOHost. Relevant websites such as the Fragility Fracture Network (FFN) will also be searched. Study selection and review will be carried out independently by two research team members, with discrepancies resolved by a third member of the research team. Data extraction and synthesis will be conducted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy and omissions by another. The scoping review findings will be informed and validated through engagement with the FFN Hip Fracture Audit Special Interest Group, who will share their knowledge, expertise, and research to achieve consensus over core aspects of the scoping review findings. Conclusion By identifying existing heterogeneity in delirium and cognitive screening tool use and administration, it is hoped that administration and specific screening tool use will become standardised to optimise comparability across countries and ensure that high quality and reliable data are included across international registry reports.
THE ROLE OF DIGITALIZATION AND INTELLIGENCE IN THE PROVISION OF SERVICES TO RAILWAY TRANSPORT PASSENGERS
Authors: Berdysheva Yu.
Published: January 2025

The article reveals the role of digitalization and intellectualization in the provision of services to railway passengers. Digitalization tools and technologies such as virtual and augmented reality, building information modeling, artificial intelligence, etc. are considered. The main directions for the creation and implementation of multimodal transportation, etc.
THE INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF PASSENGER SERVICE AT PULKOVO AIRPORT
Authors: Sycheva E. , Proskuryakov S.
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the main digital technologies introduced into the passenger service process, both in the terminal and on the platform at Pulkovo airport. The article also analyzes modern technologies that will speed up the process of passenger service. The authors describe possible prospects for increasing passenger traffic and airport capacity.
END-TO-END DIGITAL SERVICES IN THE TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
Authors: Dmitrieva T. , Demidov A.
Published: January 2025

The article discusses end-to-end digital services of the transport complex, digital services for passenger and freight transportation, and the use of electronic document management in the transport industry. The author draws attention to the fact that the use of end-to-end digital services and digital platforms determines further prospects for the development of transport.
COST-PROFIT OPTIMIZATION MODEL OF COAL TRANSSHIPMENT TERMINAL CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Karpenko N.
Published: January 2025

The current geopolitical conditions for the development of the Russian coal industry and the reorientation of trade turnover towards the Asia-Pacific countries require modernization and construction of logistics infrastructure facilities at the Far Eastern landfill. The optimization model of the investment project for the construction and operation of the transshipment coal terminal of the seaport allows maximizing the profit of investors with shared financing of its construction and operation. The research tool is the methods of operations research. The proposed approach can be used in the economic analysis of projects using public-private partnership financing.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR PREVENTING TRANSPORTATION SAFETY VIOLATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN FACTORS
Authors: Seslavina E. , Evdokimova E.
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the possibilities of using digital technologies to prevent traffic safety violations on railways associated with the manifestation of the human factor. Particular attention is paid to the problems that arise when introducing new digital systems used to reduce the number of derailments, accidents, derailments and collisions of rolling stock, as well as other disruptions to the transportation process.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING IN THE TRANSPORT INDUSTRY
Authors: Seslavina E. , Grishina A.
Published: January 2025

The use of machine learning improves safety, efficiency and improves the passenger experience. The transport industry must meet the requirements of the modern world. The use of machine learning is a key element in the development of the transport industry, smart cities and driverless transport. It helps optimize routes, predict traffic jams, analyze the behavior of drivers and passengers, and create intelligent traffic management systems.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROCESS APPROACH TO ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Barmina A.
Published: January 2025

The article describes modern trends in the information technology transition to a new era of development and global transformations. The implementation of the process approach is considered as a transition to the digital path. The differences in management approaches in organizations are given. The problems of implementing the process approach in modern conditions are identified. The format of the research approach for analyzing data from companies with successful projects is proposed for their further use in choosing the best practice.
KEY RAILWAY NETWORK DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AND DIGITAL PRODUCTS USED IN STRATEGIC PLANNING
Authors: Rumyancev S. , Kurdyukova A.
Published: January 2025

The article discusses key railway network development projects, focusing on the use of digital products in strategic planning. The authors analyze modern technologies and tools that help optimize the work of railway companies, increasing efficiency and competitiveness. The article also examines examples of successful implementation of digital products in the railway industry and their impact on the development of transportation infrastructure.
Who Is AI Replacing? The Impact of Generative AI on Online Freelancing Platforms
Authors: Demirci Ozge , Hannane Jonas , Zhu Xinrong
Published: January 2025

This paper studies the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on the demand for online freelancers using a large data set from a leading global freelancing platform. We identify the types of jobs that are more affected by generative AI and quantify the magnitude of the heterogeneous impact. Our findings indicate a 21% decrease in the number of job posts for automation-prone jobs related to writing and coding compared with jobs requiring manual-intensive skills within eight months after the introduction of ChatGPT. We show that the reduction in the number of job posts increases competition among freelancers, whereas the remaining automation-prone jobs are of greater complexity and offer higher pay. We also find that the introduction of image-generating AI technologies led to a 17% decrease in the number of job posts related to image creation. We use Google Trends to show that the more pronounced decline in the demand for freelancers within automation-prone jobs correlates with their higher public awareness of ChatGPT’s substitutability.

This paper was accepted by Duncan Simester, marketing.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.05420 .
A phenomenological investigation of the impact of study abroad experiences on the development of intercultural communication skills in college students
Authors: Harmanda Dea , Sujadi Eko , Yandri Hengki
Published: January 2025

Intercultural communication represents a significant challenge in the adaptation process for students studying outside their home regions. This study aims to examine the impact of studying abroad on the development of students' intercultural communication skills. A qualitative approach, utilizing a case study design, was employed for this research. The study involved four students who were currently studying abroad, selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather insights from each participant. The analysis revealed four key themes: personality resilience, communication skills, psychological adaptation, and cultural awareness. The findings suggest that psychological resilience plays a crucial role in facilitating effective intercultural communication. Additionally, interpersonal communication skills are essential in this process. A common psychological challenge faced by students is homesickness, which can be mitigated by maintaining regular communication with family members. Studying abroad also enhances students' awareness of Indonesia's cultural diversity, prompting them to expand their understanding of different cultures, values, environments, and norms. This study underscores the importance of strengthening guidance and counseling services in higher education to support students' adaptation to new environments.
The dynamics of online sexual grooming: From comfort to insecurity in victims' experiences
Authors: Vrisaba Nanda Audia , Faidah Mutimmatul , Purba Iman Pasu Marganda Hadiarto
Published: January 2025

The prevalence of sexual violence has been rising, particularly with the increasing reports of online sexual abuse. This study aims to examine the experiences of victims subjected to online sexual grooming, a form of sexual violence occurring in digital spaces. The research focuses on the manipulative tactics employed by perpetrators to exploit their victims. Using a qualitative approach and a phenomenological study design, the research involved two participants who had been victims of online sexual grooming by unknown perpetrators, with no prior face-to-face contact. Data were collected through interviews, and analysis followed the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Findings reveal that prior to the grooming process, participants encountered the perpetrators via social media and engaged in frequent conversations. Throughout the grooming process, perpetrators employed various manipulative techniques such as conversational manipulation, sustained contact, secrecy, sexualization, compliments, erratic moods, and other grooming behaviors. The emotional impact of online sexual grooming on the victims included both positive and negative feelings, with the latter predominating during the grooming experience.