bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Larvicidal Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulated Aloe vera Gel Extract against Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: El-Monairy Olfat M. , El-Sayed Ahmed A. , Emara Manar M. , Abdel-Meguid Abla D.
Published: June 2021

Background:

There is a worldwide interest in metal nanoparticles synthesized by various chemical reactions for use in biomedical applications. These processes exhibit a broad range of toxicity in non-target organisms. To avoid chemical toxicity, green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is proposed as a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative. Aloe vera (A. vera) leaf extract is a medicinal agent with multiple properties, including antibacterial effects. Its constituents include lignin, pectin and hemicellulose, which can be used in the reduction of silver ions to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Objective:

The study aimed at the use of naturally occurring compounds as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles and investigation of the insecticidal activity of these compounds against Musca domestica (M. domestica) larvae.

Methods:

Phytochemical analysis of A. vera gel extract was done and the phytochemical components were identified by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. AgNPs and encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles (CsNPs) were prepared by an eco-friendly method using A. vera gel extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. A. vera-AgNPs and A. vera encapsulated CsNPs were characterized using Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis spectrum), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Then the insecticidal activity of these compounds was investigated against late second instar larvae of the house fly.

Results:

The most active ingredients identified by GC-MS analysis were Terpene and Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical with an average size of about 12-75 nm, as revealed by TEM. While encapsulated CsNPs ranged between 34-75 nm and the shape seemed spherical with dark parts confirming the encapsulated plant extract. FTIR and XRD results confirmed the successful encapsulation of the gel extract within the chitosan nanoparticles. Results proved the insecticidal potential of the tested compounds against M. domestica larvae, and the relative potency of encapsulated CsNPs was nearly 148.51 times more potent than A. vera crude extract whereas AgNPs was nearly 40.65 times more potent than A. vera crude extract. Furthermore, a prolongation of larval duration and reduction in the percentage pupation and adult emergence were observed.

Conclusion:

Overall, green-synthesized silver and chitosan nanoparticles have the potential for application as a biopesticide for house fly population control through the use of a safer and costeffective approach.
Inclusive Human Resource Management Practice to Change The Organizational Climate
Authors: Rizky Ulfah
Published: June 2021

This study aims to describe and analyze the organizational climate change process in Mandiri Contact Center (MCC) Yogyakarta which employs people with disabilities since the implementation of the Mandiri Kriya Difabel Program. A qualitative method with an instrumental case study approach is used in this study. To collect the data, the researcher uses interview, observation and documentation study technique. The results show that by implementing an inclusive human resource management, the Mandiri Kriya Difabel Program has succeeded to change an exclusive organizational climate into an inclusive disability organizational climate. This is the first study which combines Lewin’s Three Step Change Model, Social Model of Disability, and Inclusive Dimensions on Organizational Climate as a framework to research a disability inclusive organizational climate change. This research provides an inclusive method to manage employees with disabilities and a new academic reference on organizational change study.
Implementation of Inclusive Education in Learning Process at Senior High School Malang City, Indonesia
Authors: Ediyanto Ediyanto , Setiawan Aris , Handaka Irvan , Rofiah Nurul , Suhendri Suhendri
Published: June 2021

One of the Public Senior High Schools in Malang has been implementing an inclusive education system since 2009. This School has been trying to serve children with special needs hitherto. In one of the inclusive schools in Malang city, the number of students with special needs (the academic year 2017-2018) is recorded in the school document of 9 students with special needs and 37 students with special services (have health problems). However, it is indicated that the learning process in class is not suitable for the type of student needs in the class. This study aims to investigate the learning process in these inclusive schools. The current research is explained in a descriptive qualitative method. As a result, schools do not make curriculum modifications that are compatible with inclusive education. This school only has one special guidance teacher, and only he has attended a training program in inclusive education. In addition, there are indications that the teacher's attitude toward students with special needs is negative. The indication can be seen from the teacher's efforts in implementing learning. The teacher still uses a classical learning system that is not modified. Thus, it is necessary to improve services for students' diversity in schools, increase the number of special tutors, include them in inclusive education training programs, and make curriculum modifications that are appropriate for students with special needs. The teacher is also indicated to have a negative attitude towards students with special needs in the classroom.
Coulteria delgadoana (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae), una especie nueva del Oeste de la Depresión del Río Balsas, México
Authors: Sotuyo Vázquez Jeny Solange , Contreras-Jiménez José Luis
Published: June 2021

Antecedentes y Objetivos: En México, el género Coulteria es morfológicamente muy diverso y muchas de sus especies son endémicas del país. A pesar de la diversidad, la delimitación entre las especies existentes y su circunscripción no está completamente documentada. Exploraciones en el centro del país durante los últimos 25 años han resultado en la descripción de nuevos taxa de leguminosas dentro de la Depresión del Río Balsas. En este artículo se describe una especie nueva de Coulteria de la porción Oeste de la Depresión del Río Balsas.Métodos: Durante el trabajo de campo, la revisión morfológica, así como los estudios de microscopía electrónica de las especies ya descritas en Coulteria, se detectó una especie nueva para la región de Infiernillo en los estados de Guerrero y Michoacán, México. Para la nueva especie, estimamos su estado de conservación basado en extensión de ocurrencia (EOO) y área de ocupación (AOO), empleando el programa GeoCAT, aplicando las categorías y criterios de la Lista Roja de la IUCN.Resultados clave: Se describe e ilustra a Coulteria delgadoana, una especie nueva de Caesalpinioideae endémica del bosque estacional seco de Guerrero y Michoacán (Oeste de la Depresión del Río Balsas), México, basándose en evidencia morfológica. Coulteria delgadoana posee inflorescencias masculinas de más de 15 cm de longitud, flores pequeñas, hojas con folíolos glabros, venación reticulada prominente, y legumbre glabra castaña con tintes violáceos. Basándonos en los criterios establecidos por la UICN, de manera tentativa proponemos que la especie está En Peligro (EN).Conclusiones: Las características morfológicas de la nueva especie C. delgadoana, sugieren una cercana relación a C. glabra, una especie de Colima y Jalisco. El gran tamaño de la inflorescencia masculina no había sido observado en otras especies de Coulteria. Coulteria delgadoana comparte área de distribución con C. lewisii en Infiernillo.
Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Group Investigation (GI) Untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Investigasi Kelompok Pada Siswa Kelas XI IPS 1 SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta
Authors: Merintika. L Sugiarti , Pratiwi Poerwanti Hadi , Martiana Aris
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi pembelajaran Sosiologi di SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta yang kurang variatif dalam menerapkan metode. Selain itu, penentuan metode kurang memperhatikan aspek tujuan pembelajaran, materi pelajaran, dan kondisi peserta didik. Penerapan metode GI ini didukung dengan penerapan media Google Classroom. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan metode pembelajaran GI untuk meningkatkan kompetensi investigasi kelompok pada siswa kelas XI IPS 1.Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dalam dua siklus dengan alokasi waktu masing-masing tiga pertemuan pada setiap siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 32 peserta didik kelas XI IPS 1 dan objek penelitian ini adalah kompetensi investigasi kelompok. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, angket, dan proyek. Analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik dan guru, sementara sumber data sekunder adalah data administrasi sekolah. Validitas data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan validitas proses, yaitu mengetahui kesamaan data antara tiga instrumen.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peserta didik dapat mencapai kompetensi investigasi kelompok pada siklus I dan terjadi peningkatan pada siklus II. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari hasil observasi pembelajaran sesuai dengan sintaks dan peserta didik memenuhi indikator kompetensi investigasi kelompok. Selain itu, untuk hasil angket rata-rata kelas peserta didik siklus I sebesar 71% atau kategori B (baik) dan pada siklus II meningkat 13% menjadi sebesar 84% atau kategori A (sangat baik). Selain itu, sebagai data pendukung, hasil angket guru siklus I sebesar 79,16% atau kategori B (baik) dan meningkat 8,7% pada siklus II menjadi sebesar 92,70% atau kategori A (sangat baik). Sementara itu, untuk hasil proyek rata-rata kelas peserta didik menunjukkan pada siklus I mencapai 83 dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 87. Kelebihan penelitian ini adalah kompetensi investigasi kelompok peserta didik meningkat dan memberikan pengalaman belajar bermakna. Sementara itu, kendala penelitian ini adalah keterbatasan waktu dan koneksi internet yang kurang stabil.
Valuasi Ekonomi Jasa Ekosistem Mangrove di Wilayah Pesisir Kota Pekalongan
Authors: Sarastika Tiara
Published: June 2021

Jasa ekosistem mangrove terbagi menjadi jasa penyedia, jasa pendukung, jasa kebudayaan, dan jasa pengaturan yang bermanfaat bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Jasa pengaturan ekosistem mangrove berfungsi sebagai perlindungan terhadap ancaman bahaya pesisir, seperti gelombang pasang, angin badai, dan erosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji valuasi ekonomi jasa pengaturan ekosistem mengarove di wilayah pesisir Kota Pekalongan. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei lapangan untuk mengumpulkan data kondisi eksisting ekosistem mengrove dan wawancara mendalam untuk memperoleh informasi nilai pengganti dari jasa pengaturan ekosistem mangrove. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara spasial dan deskriptif. Valuasi ekonomi jasa ekosistem dihitung menggunakan metode pengganti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem mangrove memiliki jasa pengaturan yang berfungsi melindungi permukiman dan perikanan tambak dari ancaman banjir genangan. Penilaian jasa ekosistem mangrove di wilayah pesisir Kota Pekalongan menunjukkan nilai kehilangan sejumlah 13.664,7 milyar rupiah untuk penggunaan lahan berupa permukiman, sedangkan untuk perikanan tambak sebesar 24.096,275 milyar rupiah.
Studi Perbandingan Sebaran Spasial COVID-19 di Yogyakarta dan Gorontalo
Authors: Arif Nursida , Sumunar Dyah Respati Suryo , Khotimah Nurul , Cahyani Etika , Susena Yusuf , Ariyanto Riga Aditya
Published: June 2021

Perbedaan sebaran COVID-19 di berbagai negara masih menjadi isu yang terus dikaji karena banyak faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Salah satu faktor yang berkorelasi dengan penyebaran COVID-19 adalah faktor geografis. Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan terbesar yang memiliki keunikan karena letak dan kondisi geografisnya. Penelitian melihat perbedaan sebaran COVID-19 di dua provinsi di Indonesia yaitu Yogyakarta dan Gorontalo. Secara geografis kedua wilayah ini sangat berbeda. Kondisi iklim pada masing-masing wilayah dilihat berdasarkan suhu permukaan lahan menggunakan citra satelit Landsat 8. Suhu rata-rata tertinggi di provinsi Gorontalo yaitu 34,24°C terdistribusi di kota Gorontalo dan kabupaten Gorontalo. Sedangkan suhu tertinggi di DIY terdistribusi di kota Yogyakarta dengan suhu 32,72°C. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh Gorontalo merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang terdampak paling akhir, namun memiliki memiliki persentase terpapar lebih besar yaitu 0,23% yaitu dibandingkan DIY 0,07%. Sebaran spasial yang mengelompok diperkotaan menunjukkan bahwa mobilitas penduduk dapat menjadi pemicu meningkatnya jumlah kasus COVID-19. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang diinvestigasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu suhu, lamanya waktu terpapar dan jumlah penduduk tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap persebaran COVID-19.
KENDALA PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH PADA MASA PANDEMI BAGI SISWA SD, GURU, DAN ORANGTUA
Authors: Hutami Endah Retno
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kendala pelaksanaaan pembelajaran jarak jauh bagi siswa SD pada masa pandemi COVID-19 dan sisi-sisi positifnya sebagai penyeimbang analisis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dijaring dengan teknik eksploratif, dengan mewawancarai perwakilan dari guru-guru dan wali murid. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kendala yang dialami oleh murid, guru, dan orang tua, yaitu keterbatasan media, penguasaan teknologi yang masih kurang, penambahan biaya kuota internet, tambahan pekerjan orang tua dalam pendampingan belajar anak, komunikasi dan sosialisasi antara siswa, guru, dan orang tua menjadi berkurang, dan durasi kerja guru menjadi tidak terbatas. Walaupun demikian, fenomena ini memiliki sisi-sisi positif, yakni siswa menjadi semakin mandiri, serta kekompakkan diantara siswa, orangtua, dan guru semakin terbentuk.
APORTE IUSFILOSOFICO A LOS ALCANCES DEL CONCEPTO DE “TRÁNSITO TERRESTRE” A PARTIR DEL PRINCIPIO DISCURSIVO DE JÜRGEN HABERMAS: Una lectura de la Sentencia C-089/11
Authors: ALARCON ORLANDO
Published: June 2021

El interés principal de este artículo es analizar la propuesta de fundamentación del concepto de ―tránsito terrestre‖ que la Corte Constitucional plantea en la Sentencia C-089 de 2011 a partir del principio discursivo que Habermas propone en su obra Facticidad y validez. Lo que se pretende es mostrar que la argumentación no es aplicable sólo a la ―obligación de los jueces de legitimar sus pronunciamientos aduciendo razones de hecho y de derecho que le permiten arribar a la decisión que pone fin al asunto en litigio‖, sino también al deber de fundamentar los conceptos objeto de materia del asunto en cuestión.
PENAS ALTERNATIVAS Y JUSTICIA ESPECIAL DE PAZ
Authors: Medellín Mestra Katierth , Méndez Hernández Luis
Published: June 2021

El presente escrito permitirá abordar la concepción de penas alternativas en procesos de justicia transicional, específicamente el adelantado en Colombia con los desmovilizados de las FARC-EP; en miras de una mejor compresión respecto a la legitimidad y viabilidad de las mismas en relación a avances en el tránsito hacia una paz estable y duradera. Toda vez, que lo se propone es la incorporación de conceptos que permitan hacer un análisis de la aplicación de penas alternativas desde la óptica de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP), instituida para la creación de un marco jurídico de carácter transicional que responda a las necesidades requeridas para la superación de un conflicto que por décadas ha representado para la sociedad colombiana una época oscura y violenta por la sistemática violación de derechos humanos y del derecho internacional humanitario por los actores en conflicto. Es por ello que se abordara como a través de la JEP se buscara la reivindicación de los derechos vulnerados con ocasión del conflicto en concordancia con los pilares sobre los que se ciernen los procesos de justicia transicional, como lo son: el derecho a la verdad, justicia, reparación y el ofrecimiento de garantías de no repetición.
Development of a Digital Patient Education Tool for Patients With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Turkdogan Sena , Schnitman Gabriel , Wang Tianci , Gotlieb Raphael , How Jeffrey , Gotlieb Walter Henri
Published: June 2021

Background

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a large portion of oncology consultations have been conducted remotely. The maladaptation or compromise of care could negatively impact oncology patients and their disease management.

Objective

We aimed to describe the development and implementation process of a web-based, animated patient education tool that supports oncology patients remotely in the context of fewer in-person interactions with health care providers.

Methods

The platform created presents multilingual oncology care instructions. Animations concerning cancer care and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as immunotherapy and chemotherapy guides were the major areas of focus and represented 6 final produced video guides.

Results

The videos were watched 1244 times in a period of 6 months. The most watched animation was the COVID-19 & Oncology guide (viewed 565 times), followed by the video concerning general treatment orientations (viewed 249 times) and the video titled “Chemotherapy” (viewed 205 times). Although viewers were equally distributed among the age groups, most were aged 25 to 34 years (342/1244, 27.5%) and were females (745/1244, 59.9%).

Conclusions

The implementation of a patient education platform can be designed to prepare patients and their caregivers for their treatment and thus improve outcomes and satisfaction by using a methodical and collaborative approach. Multimedia tools allow a portion of a patient’s care to occur in a home setting, thereby freeing them from the need for hospital resources.
The Interplay Between Policy and COVID-19 Outbreaks in South Asia: Longitudinal Trend Analysis of Surveillance Data
Authors: Welch Sarah B , Kulasekere Dinushi Amanda , Prasad P V Vara , Moss Charles B , Murphy Robert Leo , Achenbach Chad J , Ison Michael G , Resnick Danielle , Singh Lauren , White Janine , Issa Tariq Z , Culler Kasen , Boctor Michael J , Mason Maryann , Oehmke James Francis , Faber Joshua Marco Mitchell , Post Lori Ann
Published: June 2021

Background

COVID-19 transmission rates in South Asia initially were under control when governments implemented health policies aimed at controlling the pandemic such as quarantines, travel bans, and border, business, and school closures. Governments have since relaxed public health restrictions, which resulted in significant outbreaks, shifting the global epicenter of COVID-19 to India. Ongoing systematic public health surveillance of the COVID-19 pandemic is needed to inform disease prevention policy to re-establish control over the pandemic within South Asia.

Objective

This study aimed to inform public health leaders about the state of the COVID-19 pandemic, how South Asia displays differences within and among countries and other global regions, and where immediate action is needed to control the outbreaks.

Methods

We extracted COVID-19 data spanning 62 days from public health registries and calculated traditional and enhanced surveillance metrics. We use an empirical difference equation to measure the daily number of cases in South Asia as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shifts in variables with a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano–Bond estimator in R.

Results

Traditional surveillance metrics indicate that South Asian countries have an alarming outbreak, with India leading the region with 310,310 new daily cases in accordance with the 7-day moving average. Enhanced surveillance indicates that while Pakistan and Bangladesh still have a high daily number of new COVID-19 cases (n=4819 and n=3878, respectively), their speed of new infections declined from April 12-25, 2021, from 2.28 to 2.18 and 3.15 to 2.35 daily new infections per 100,000 population, respectively, which suggests that their outbreaks are decreasing and that these countries are headed in the right direction. In contrast, India’s speed of new infections per 100,000 population increased by 52% during the same period from 14.79 to 22.49 new cases per day per 100,000 population, which constitutes an increased outbreak.

Conclusions

Relaxation of public health restrictions and the spread of novel variants fueled the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia. Public health surveillance indicates that shifts in policy and the spread of new variants correlate with a drastic expansion in the pandemic, requiring immediate action to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Surveillance is needed to inform leaders whether policies help control the pandemic.
Real-time Prediction of the Daily Incidence of COVID-19 in 215 Countries and Territories Using Machine Learning: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Peng Yuanyuan , Li Cuilian , Rong Yibiao , Pang Chi Pui , Chen Xinjian , Chen Haoyu
Published: June 2021

Background

Advanced prediction of the daily incidence of COVID-19 can aid policy making on the prevention of disease spread, which can profoundly affect people's livelihood. In previous studies, predictions were investigated for single or several countries and territories.

Objective

We aimed to develop models that can be applied for real-time prediction of COVID-19 activity in all individual countries and territories worldwide.

Methods

Data of the previous daily incidence and infoveillance data (search volume data via Google Trends) from 215 individual countries and territories were collected. A random forest regression algorithm was used to train models to predict the daily new confirmed cases 7 days ahead. Several methods were used to optimize the models, including clustering the countries and territories, selecting features according to the importance scores, performing multiple-step forecasting, and upgrading the models at regular intervals. The performance of the models was assessed using the mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results

Our models can accurately predict the daily new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in most countries and territories. Of the 215 countries and territories under study, 198 (92.1%) had MAEs <10 and 187 (87.0%) had Pearson correlation coefficients >0.8. For the 215 countries and territories, the mean MAE was 5.42 (range 0.26-15.32), the mean RMSE was 9.27 (range 1.81-24.40), the mean Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.89 (range 0.08-0.99), and the mean Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.84 (range 0.2-1.00).

Conclusions

By integrating previous incidence and Google Trends data, our machine learning algorithm was able to predict the incidence of COVID-19 in most individual countries and territories accurately 7 days ahead.
Using Medical Device Standards for Design and Risk Management of Immersive Virtual Reality for At-Home Therapy and Remote Patient Monitoring
Authors: Salisbury Joseph Peter
Published: June 2021

Numerous virtual reality (VR) systems have received regulatory clearance as therapeutic medical devices for in-clinic and at-home use. These systems enable remote patient monitoring of clinician-prescribed rehabilitation exercises, although most of these systems are nonimmersive. With the expanding availability of affordable and easy-to-use head-mounted display (HMD)-based VR, there is growing interest in immersive VR therapies. However, HMD-based VR presents unique risks. Following standards for medical device development, the objective of this paper is to demonstrate a risk management process for a generic immersive VR system for remote patient monitoring of at-home therapy. Regulations, standards, and guidance documents applicable to therapeutic VR design are reviewed to provide necessary background. Generic requirements for an immersive VR system for home use and remote patient monitoring are identified using predicate analysis and specified for both patients and clinicians using user stories. To analyze risk, failure modes and effects analysis, adapted for medical device risk management, is performed on the generic user stories and a set of risk control measures is proposed. Many therapeutic applications of VR would be regulated as a medical device if they were to be commercially marketed. Understanding relevant standards for design and risk management early in the development process can help expedite the availability of innovative VR therapies that are safe and effective.
“It's Been Negative for Us Just All the Way Across the Board”: Focus Group Study Exploring Parent Perceptions of Child Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hammons Amber J , Villegas Elizabeth , Robart Ryan
Published: June 2021

Background

Child screen time (ST) has soared during the COVID-19 pandemic as lockdowns and restrictions have forced changes to regular family routines. It is important to investigate how families are navigating ST.

Objective

This study aimed to explore families’ experiences of ST during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Virtual focus group sessions were conducted between December 2020 and February 2021 in English and Spanish. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

In total, 48 parents (predominantly Hispanic) residing in California participated in 1 of 14 focus group sessions. Children were attending school remotely at the time of the study. A total of 6 themes and 1 subtheme were identified: (1) total ST has increased; (2) children are too attached to screens; (3) ST has advantages and disadvantages but parents perceive ST as mostly negative; (4) parents and children have limited options; (5) ST restrictions (subtheme: children react negatively when ST is restricted); and (6) parents are concerned that children are not getting enough exercise.

Conclusions

This study provides a cross-sectional insight into how family life has changed with regard to ST during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents expressed concerns about total ST, the addictive nature of it, and lack of physical activity. It is important that future studies examine the long-term effects of heavy ST and preemptively introduce ways to redirect children’s ST habits as the country attempts to establish a new normal.
Predictive Modeling of Morbidity and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 and its Clinical Implications: Algorithm Development and Interpretation
Authors: Wang Joshua M , Liu Wenke , Chen Xiaoshan , McRae Michael P , McDevitt John T , Fenyö David
Published: June 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2021 and placed significant strains on health care systems worldwide. There remains a compelling need to analyze factors that are predictive for patients at elevated risk of morbidity and mortality.

Objective

The goal of this retrospective study of patients who tested positive with COVID-19 and were treated at NYU (New York University) Langone Health was to identify clinical markers predictive of disease severity in order to assist in clinical decision triage and to provide additional biological insights into disease progression.

Methods

The clinical activity of 3740 patients at NYU Langone Hospital was obtained between January and August 2020; patient data were deidentified. Models were trained on clinical data during different parts of their hospital stay to predict three clinical outcomes: deceased, ventilated, or admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Results

The XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) model that was trained on clinical data from the final 24 hours excelled at predicting mortality (area under the curve [AUC]=0.92; specificity=86%; and sensitivity=85%). Respiration rate was the most important feature, followed by SpO2 (peripheral oxygen saturation) and being aged 75 years and over. Performance of this model to predict the deceased outcome extended 5 days prior, with AUC=0.81, specificity=70%, and sensitivity=75%. When only using clinical data from the first 24 hours, AUCs of 0.79, 0.80, and 0.77 were obtained for deceased, ventilated, or ICU-admitted outcomes, respectively. Although respiration rate and SpO2 levels offered the highest feature importance, other canonical markers, including diabetic history, age, and temperature, offered minimal gain. When lab values were incorporated, prediction of mortality benefited the most from blood urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Features that were predictive of morbidity included LDH, calcium, glucose, and C-reactive protein.

Conclusions

Together, this work summarizes efforts to systematically examine the importance of a wide range of features across different endpoint outcomes and at different hospitalization time points.
Using LinkedIn to Teach Students How to Build Their Professional Network and Enhance their Personal Brand
Authors: M. Johnson Katryna
Published: June 2021

The majority of hiring managers use social media to find, screen, and eliminate job applicants. Students need to understand the short- and long-term effects of what they post on line. Instructors need to teach students to actively promote and curate a positive image in an online environment. Personal branding focuses on portraying oneself, one’s competencies and experiences in a positive light. Since LinkedIn is the most used professional networking platform, it is essential that students not only create a profile but learn to include the essential information that employers are seeking. The author performed a literature review on personal branding, social networking and factors needed to have a successful LinkedIn profile. Based on these findings, a LinkedIn assignment was developed for students to help them build their personal brands and increase their visibility on the web. The author conducted a content analysis of over 150 student reflections on the LinkedIn assignment and found the top three benefits of the LinkedIn assignment to be: building a network, designing a great profile, and finding/receiving job and internship offers. This paper contributes to research by providing a specific assignment that any faculty can use to teach students how to brand themselves on LinkedIn.
HISTOLOGICAL VARIANCES OF MORINGA OLIFERA ON THE KIDNEY OF ADULT WISTAR RATS
Authors: ADEBOLA ADETUNJI OPEYEMI , OLUWATOYIN OYEWO , TOYIN ADETUNJI IYABODE , NNENA LINDA NWOBI
Published: June 2021

Aim and Objectives: Demonstrating the exact quantity of Moringa oleifera (MO) that will cure any hepatocyte diseases and the one that can harm the hepatocytes of the Adult Wistar rats.

Methods: Twenty (20) adult Wistar rats (both sex) were used for the study (caged based on same sex to avoid mating and pregnancy) and were randomly assigned into four groups (n=5); A-Control, B-250 mg/body weight (BW) of MO, C-500 mg/BW of MO, and D-750 mg/BW of MO orally.

Result: The crude aqueous extract of MO Lam, shows insignificant increased in BW at the 1st week of administration which latter dropped little by little doing the weeks of the administration in groups (B, C, and D) rats, by comparing (p<0.05) to the control group after MO administration, the organ (Kidneys) shows a significant difference between the kidneys (left and right kidneys) in relation to the control group rats. MO increases the weight of the animals morphologically by comparing the weight of the animals before and after administration. Histological sections shows a normal Glomerulli, Peri-Glomerular Space, Convoluted Tubules, and Interstitium, after administration of the Crude Aqueous Extract of MO lame in terms with the control group rats.

Conclusion: MO is a good herb that has no damage effect on the body and hepatocytes but of more beneficial.
SYNTHESIS OF BIS-BENZIMIDAZOLES N-ALKYL ANTI-INFECTIOUS DERIVATES
Authors: JACQUES AKPA SAGNE , GONDO DIDIER DIOMANDE GBE , DOUMADE ZON , ANE ADJOU
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective of this work is to synthesize new molecules with biological characteristics against some infectious germs.

Methods: The method of synthesis is based on the exploitation of the reactivity of the position-1 of the benzimidazole. It consisted of reacting the bis-benzimidazole 5 with the 1,2-dicloroethane in a solution of NaOH 2N (6,4%). The compound 6 is refluxed with ethanol with the different thioaryls to lead to compounds 7.

Results: Thus, a series of molecules derived from bis-benzimidazoles were synthesized including N-alkylated 6 and 7a-d. The characterization of these newly synthesized compounds was performed by NMR (1H and 13C) and mass spectroscopy methods.

Conclusion: The purified and characterized compounds 6 and 7a-d allow the development of a new chemical class of anti-infectives.
PROPHYLACTIC LIPID LOWERING EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF EMILIA PREATEMISSA ON CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCL4)-INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIC ALBINO RATS
Authors: ALLI SMITH YEMISI RUFINA , ALUKO BUKOLA TOLA , FAYOMI SAMUEL IDOWU , OJO OLAJUMOKE OMOLARA
Published: June 2021

Objective: Hyperlipidemia has been described as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to the prevalence and severity of cardiovascular diseases which has been identified as a primary cause of death. This study evaluates the lipid-lowering effects of aqueous extract of Emilia praetermissa (EP) leaves.

Methods: The investigation was carried out on rats induced with Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 1 ml/kg body weight), pretreated with the aqueous extracts of Emilia praetermissa and then compared with a standard hypolipidemic drug, Simvastatin. The effects of Emilia praetermissa on the lipid profile were assessed by measuring the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The effect on HMGCoA Reductase and Lecithine Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT), which are important enzymes in lipid metabolism were also evaluated in the plasma, liver and heart of albino rats.

Results: Administration of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of aqueous extract of Emilia praetermissa leaves led to a significant reduction (P<0.05) in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride levels and a significant increase (P<0.05) in HDL cholesterol in the tissues in a manner close to that of Normal and Standard control group. Emilia praetermissa aqueous extract led to a significant increase (P<0.05) in the activity of LCAT and inhibition of HMGCoA reductase.

Conclusion: These results suggest that Emilia praetermissa leaves could play a cardioprotective role and probably serve as a new potential natural product for the management of hyperlipidema. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the mechanism of its lipid-lowering action.
Asimetrías institucionales y sociales en el manejo del agua subterránea para agricultura en la frontera México-Estados Unidos
Authors: Córdova Bojórquez Gustavo
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: presentar un acercamiento a las asimetrías institucionales y sociales imperantes en el manejo del agua subterránea de un acuífero transfronterizo y explorar las alternativas para no depender del uso de agua superficial y residual tratada de los centros urbanos para la agricultura local. Metodología: se realizó un estudio documental y de acercamiento con actores de diferentes sectores sociales. Resultados: las asimetrías sociales, económicas y de organización productiva dificultan el establecimiento de un modelo de manejo de agua subterránea transfronterizo. Limitaciones: la poca disponibilidad de información del acuífero y del sistema productivo en ambos lados obligó a depender de las opiniones de los actores entrevistados. Valor: el ejercicio de comparación como método es muy relevante para contextos transfronterizos. Conclusiones: los actores sociales de las comunidades del Valle de Juárez, Chihuahua y Valle Bajo de El Paso, Texas, no conocen ni les interesa un cambio en su sistema productivo tradicional por uno más moderno que les daría la oportunidad de salir del atraso en el que se encuentran. Las estrategias y las regulaciones binacionales no están bien cimentadas en cada lado de la frontera, a pesar de la escasez del recurso.
PASANG SURUT SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI CENGKEH DI NAGARI KOTO ANAU, KEC. LEMBANG JAYA, KAB. SOLOK 1960-2011
Authors: Yoserizal Yoserizal , Sabar Sabar , Witrianto Witrianto
Published: June 2021

This research aim to the dynamic of socio-economic of farmers clove in nagari Koto Anau during 1960-2011. The purpose is to describe farmers clove life before and after 1960, marketing strategy of clove, and effect of clove to farmers socio-economic 1960-2011. Research conducted with four steps, heuristic, critical resources, interpretation and histografy. Data collected by interview with clove farmers. Secondary sources that support this study were obtained from library research.   Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang dinamika yang terjadi dalam kehidupan sosial ekonomi petani cengkeh di nagari Koto Anau pada tahun 1960-2011. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan tentang kehidupan petani cengkeh Koto Anau sebelum tahun 1960 dan sesudah tahun 1960, strategi pemasaran cengkeh di koto anau, pengaruh tanaman cengkeh terhadap kehidupan sosial ekonomi petani Koto Anau tahun 1960-2011. Penelitian dilakukan dengan empat tahap, yaitu heuristic, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan histografi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan beberapa informan, yaitu petani cengkeh di nagari Koto Anau. Sumber sekunder yang menunjang penelitian ini diperoleh dari riset pustaka.
PERUBAHAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT PASCA PENGEMBANGAN WISATA BAHARI DI KEPULAUAN SIKAKAP, KABUPATEN MENTAWAI
Authors: Andriyani Ismi , Hardi Etmi , Husnita Liza
Published: June 2021

The potential area to be a tourist destination is should attention to the elements of tourism development. Sikakap is one of the villages in the Mentawai islands which beautiful beach and sea. Since 2003, the development of marine tourism in the islands Sikakap has been run and driven by government. The marine tourism development in Sikakap village has impacted to coastal communities in Sikakap village. The development of marine tourism can boost the economy of coastal communities. Research conducted through qualitative and historical approach. The results is showed the marine tourism in the islands impacted to the socio-economic society in positive. The indicators is development of transportation facilities, hotels, markets and other public facilities and reduced unemployment.Daerah yang potensial menjadi daerah tujuan wisata dalam pengembangannya harus memperhatikan unsur-unsur pengembangan pariwisata. Sikakap merupakan salah satu desa di kepulauan Mentawai yang memilki pantai dan laut yang sangat indah. Sejak tahun 2003, pembangunan wisata bahari di kepulauan Sikakap telah dijalankan dan digerakkan oleh pemerintah. Pembangunan wisata bahari di desa Sikakap ini memberikan dampak positif bagi masyarakat pesisir pantai desa Sikakap. Pengembangan wisata bahari mampu menaikkan perekonomian masyakat pesisir pantai desa Sikakap. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dampak pembanguan wisata bahari terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan historis. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa wisata bahari yang dikembangkan di kepulauan Sikakap memberikan dampak positif terhadap perkembangan sosial-ekonomi masyarakat Sikakap. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh perkembangan sarana transportasi, perhotelan, pasar dan fasilitas umum yang lainnya dan berkurangnya angka pengangguran.
PERAN PERANTAU TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN DI JORONG GALOGANDANG, NAGARI III KOTO KEC. RAMBATAN KAB. TANAH DATAR
Authors: Emita Vivi , Zusmelia Zusmelia , Marleni Marleni
Published: June 2021

Marantau is a tradition of Minangkabau society. Likewise with Galogandang society, apart from wander into a tradition of economic factors and natural conditions as well as a stimulus for people to wander Galogandang. Factors livelihood homogeneous and inadequate fulfillment of everyday life so that people Galogandang 70% Barada was overseas. Analysis in this study using the theory of rational choice. The approach used is qualitative approach with descriptive method. Informants in this study is masayarkat and strangers Galogandang. Data collection techniques, observation, interviews, and documents. Analysis of the data used in this research is the analysis of qualitative data that is interactive analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman. From the results of this study concluded that the role of migrants to the development of Nagari in Jorong Galogandang can be divided into two parts, namely, the development of physically seen an increase in development such as the construction of the Grand Mosque, mosque, TPA, bakl sources of clean water, and non-physical looks Scholarships the education of children of school achievement. Viewed wander impact on socio-economic, such as construction of houses is getting better, and people's incomes Galogandang that no longer depend on pertaniann only.Merantau merupakan suatu tradisi masyarakat Minangkabau. Demikian halnya dengan masyarakat Galogandang, selain dari merantau menjadi suatu tradisi faktor ekonomi dan keadaan alam juga sebagai pendorong bagi masyarakat Galogandang untuk merantau. Faktor mata pencaharian hidup yang bersifat homogen dan kurang mencukupi pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari sehingga masyarakat Galogandang 70% barada di rantau. Analisa pada penelitian ini menggunakan teori pilihan rasional. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Informan pada penelitian ini adalah masyarakat dan perantau Galogandang. Teknik pengumpulan data, observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan dokumen. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis data kualitatif  yaitu analisis  interaktif  yang dikemukakan oleh Miles dan Huberman. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan, bahwa peran perantau terhadap pembangunan Nagari di Jorong Galogandang dapat dibagi atas dua bagian yaitu, pembangunan dari segi fisik terlihat peningkatan pembangunan seperti pembangunan Mesjid, mushala, TPA, bak sumber air bersih, dan non fisik terlihat dengan adanya beasiswa pendidikan anak-anak yang sekolah berprestasi. Dilihat dampak merantau terhadap sosial ekonomi  masyarakat seperti pembangunan rumah penduduk yang semakin bagus, dan pendapatan masyarakat Galogandang yang tidak lagi  bergantung pada pertanian saja.
DARI PETANI KE PENAMBANG; PERUBAHAN SOSIAL EKONOMI DI JORONG KOTO PANJANG, NAGARI LIMO KOTO, KABUPATEN SIJUNJUNG
Authors: Sari Melta Ardila , Abbas Ardi , Rahmad Darmairal
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the socio-economic changes are turning farmers livelihoods to miners in Jorong Koto Panjang. This reasearch background of the rice made in gold mines so that a shift of livelihoods, and cousing consumer behavior. The mining activities are at risk of exhaustion of the gold content, on the one hand the life of the community is still running. This condition has implications for the socioeconomic status of the family owners of the fields after the gold miner. Therefore, in this paper seeks to unravel the activities of miners, and to describe the socio-economic conditions of the post-mining of gold miners. This study uses qualitative research and descriptive. Informal election in this study using purposive sampling technique. This type of data is primary data and secondary data. Data collection is observation, interviews. The results of the post-mining research of gold in no tackling, which has exhausted tilled rice fields be left just like that becomes a swamp and sand. Post-mining social status housewife, taxi of motorcydrivers, farm workers and laborers gold miner. Also a decline in revenue.Tulisan ini membahas perubahan sosial ekonomi para petani yang beralih mata pencarian menjadi penambang di Jorong Koto Panjang Kecamatan. Penelitian ini di latarbelakangi oleh sawah yang di jadikan tambang emas sehinga terjadi peralihan mata pencarian masyarakat, serta menimbulkan perilaku konsumtif. Aktifitas penambangan ini beresiko, seperti habisnya kandungan emas, disatu sisi kehidupan masyarakat tetap berjalan. Kondisi ini berimplikasi kepada status sosial ekonomi keluarga pemilik sawah pasca penambang emas. Oleh karena itu, dalam tulisan ini berupaya mengurai aktifitas penambang emas, serta mendeskripsikan kondisi sosial ekonomi penambang pasca penambangan emas. Penelitian ini mengunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe deskriptif. Pemilihan informal dalam penelitian ini mengunakan tehnik purposive sampling. Jenis data adalah data primer dan data skunder. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dalam dua cara: observasi, wawancara. Hasil penelitian pasca penambangan emas  tidak ada penanggulangannya, sawah yang telah habis digarap dibiarakan begitu saja menjadi rawa dan pasir. Status sosial pascapenambangan jadi ibu rumah tangga tukang ojek, buruh tani dan buruh penambang emas. Juga terjadi penurunan pendapatan.
MOTIVASI DAN STRATEGI KELUARGA MISKIN NAGARI TALU, KAB. PASAMAN BARAT MELANJUTKAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK KE PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Sari Cici Rahma , Elvawati Elvawati , Anggreta Dian Kurnia
Published: June 2021

Poverty described as a lack of income to fulfill the basic necessities of life. One way to reduce poverty is education. Education is not only a means of forming human resources with high competitiveness, but expected to also determine the occurrence of various social changes. Poverty makes it difficult for people to get a better education. It’s caused by education cost is expensive in general, and not all parents are able to finance their child to studying. In Nagari Talu, 15% of poor parents send their children to college. This paper describes the motive and strategy of poor parents sent their children to college. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and descriptive type. Informants were selected by proposive. Data collected through observation, interviews and study document. The result showing the parents motivation is to change the fate and environmental factors. The parents strategy is double living, assistance from extended family, borrowing and seek scholarships. Kemiskinan lazimnya digambarkan sebagai kekurangan pendapatan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup yang pokok. Salah satu jalan untuk keluar dari kemiskinan adalah pendidikan. Pendidikan bukan saja sebuah alat pembentuk sumber daya manusia yang berdaya saing tinggi, melainkan diharapkan juga ikut menentukan terjadinya berbagai perubahan sosial. Namun kemiskinan membuat masyarakat sulit untuk mendapatkan pendidikan yang lebih baik. Hal ini dikarenakan biaya pendidikan pada umumnya mahal dan tidak semua orang tua mampu membiayai studi anaknya. Di Nagari Talu 15% orang tua menyekolahkan anaknya ke pergurun tinggi dengan kondisi kehidupan mereka miskin. Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan strategi orang tua miskin melanjutkan pendidikan anaknya ke perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan tipe deskriptif. Informan penelitian dipilih secara proposive. Dengan proses pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi orang tua dalam melanjutkan studi anaknya ke perguruan tinggi adalah untuk untuk merubah nasib dan faktor lingkungan. Adapun strategi yang digunakan orang tua meanjutkan studi anaknya keperguruan tinggi  adalah dengan pola nafkah ganda, bantuan dari keluarga luas, meminjam dan mengusahakan beasiswa.