bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National in modern composer's work:to the problem of interpreting the song source
Authors:   M.О.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art,Leading researcher, Candidate of Art studies, Associate ProfessorAlmaty, Kazakhstan, Omarova A.K.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the specific facets of the issue “Composer and Folklore” based on the example of piano transcriptions in musical and creative practice of Kazakhstan during different decades. Based on the traditions of musicology in the study of national composition schools, the genre that has acquired a special and ever-increasing representative value in the modern cultural situation is presented. In the works that are in active demand in the field of musical performance, the expediency of relying on the text of the original folk source for the implementation of the adequate and complete interpretation (performing, musicological, etc.), regardless of the measure of its rethinking, is emphasized.Since the most bright patterns of folk and “oral and professional creativity” (T.B.Gafurbekov) are interpreted more than once, the versions of various authors are compared. There are comments of the “series of transformations” of the well-known folk song “Kamajay” using musical illustrations. Its two piano variants show the significance of variation methods using genre-style models that bring new meanings to the content of the whole. “Improvisation” (1978) by A.Bestybayev (born in 1959) in the historical context is a symbolic work in view of its obvious conceptuality. The creative figure of the composer himself demonstrates the spiritual potential that will be even more convincingly marked and revealed later.Perspectives of studying the “National” category in its multiple manifestations in the development of the artistic culture of Kazakhstan are seen not only in view of the determination of the broader theoretical context, but also in view of the consistent introduction of works, documents, facts into the research practice, which were for certain reasons “forgotten” or not fully involved [1]. History and traditional values are able to actualize multi-level issues that are significant for the nation’s self-determination on the “global map of the XXI century” (N.А.Nazarbayev) through cultural achievements.
ARTISTIC SOLUTION IN CREATING THE IMAGE OF MRS. SUZGE
Authors:   M.O.Auezov Institute of Literature and Art, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Orda G.Zh. , Sarsenbayeva Zh.B. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, (Almaty, Kazakhstan)
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the artistic search in the literature of the image of the last ruler of the Siberian state, one of the last representatives of the Shayban dynasty - Kushim Khan and Mrs. Suzge. Mrs. Suzge, who attracted the attention of Kazakh poets and Siberian poets from P.P. Ershova, became the main characters of poets and writers, as well as artists. The demand for the legendary life and heroism of historical figures that occupy a special place in the history of the nation has increased since our country gained independence. In modern poetic, prosaic and dramatic works of Kazakh literature, the image of Suzge in history becomes an artistic reality. The study provides a scientific analysis of the artistic and aesthetic achievements of literature with a comparative analysis of the research of writers of different genres.
Developing a Signature Pedagogy and Integrated Support Model for First-Year Teacher Education Students Studying at a Regional University
Authors: Harrington Ingrid , Whannell Robert , Bartlett-Taylor Tim
Published: August 2021

The Australian regional university where this pilot study was completed is confronted with a number of demographic factors that challenge the delivery of effective student support and engagement. In 2020, the teacher education student cohort comprised of approximately 5,100 students, with 82.6% 25 years of age or older, 20.3% identified as having a low SES background, 43.7% being first-in-family, and 96.1% studying off-campus. Student demographic characteristics such as these are commonly cited as factors that contribute to increased challenge in completing tertiary study (Grebennikov & Shah, 2012; Li & Carroll, 2020). The attrition rate for commencing students for the period from 2010 to 2018 ranged between 24.6% and 36.2%. While these demographic characteristics are largely objective in character and may not be able to be addressed by university-based intervention, the nature and quality of the learning environment students’ experience is able to provide the best opportunity for them to successfully complete their tertiary study endeavours, despite their personal context and backgrounds. One factor that has been identified as critical to the success of commencing students, particularly those from non-traditional backgrounds, is the nature of their relationships with, and the academic environment established by the academics teaching first-year units (Farr-Wharton, Charles, Keast, Woolcott, & Chamberlain, 2017).
Fishes from Bassas Da India Atoll in the Mozambique Channel
Authors: van der Elst Rudy , Chater Simon , King Dennis
Published: August 2021

Bassas da India is a remote, uninhabited coral atoll in the West Indian
Ocean. Its inaccessibility had historically precluded study of its ichthyofauna
until a small group of scientists from the Oceanographic Research Institute in South Africa undertook a two-week biodiversity survey in 1991. Since then, the discourse
on climate change has taken on a higher relevance, calling for protection and
study of biodiversity hotspots such as Bassas da India. The survey recorded 309
fish species, including a number of vulnerable teleosts and elasmobranchs. As
the only published information on the biodiversity of this remote small island,
it is intended that this dataset will contribute to increased relevance as an
ecological baseline for detecting impacts relating to climate change in the South
West Indian Ocean. Each species is listed in terms of its individual abundance,
IUCN status as well as its museum and photographic record. Comparisons are made
with survey results of other small coral islands in the region, notably Europa
Island, revealing several distinct differences in fish diversity. There is
evidence that giant groupers will replace sharks as apex predators when there
is no local exploitation. A total of 86 species were photographed to confirm
identity, and a further 84 species were provided to the South African Institute
for Aquatic Biodiversity museum in Grahamstown and also to several international
species experts.
Improved Hoeffding’s Lemma and Hoeffding’s Tail Bounds
Authors: Hertz David
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this article is to improve Hoeffding's lemma and consequently Hoeffding's tail bounds. The improvement pertains to left skewed zero mean random variables X\in[a,b], where a<0 and -a>b. The proof of Hoeffding's improved lemma uses Taylor's expansion, the convexity of \exp(sx), s\in \RR, and an unnoticed observation since Hoeffding's publication in 1963 that for -a>b the maximum of  the intermediate function \tau(1-\tau) appearing in Hoeffding's proof is attained at an endpoint rather than at \tau=0.5 as in the case b>-a. Using Hoeffding's  improved lemma we obtain one sided and two sided  tail bounds  for \PP(S_n\ge t) and \PP(|S_n|\ge t), respectively, where S_n=\sum_{i=1}^nX_i and the X_i\in[a_i,b_i],i=1,...,n are independent zero mean  random variables (not necessarily identically distributed). It is interesting to note that we  could  also improve Hoeffding's two sided bound for all \{X_i:  -a_i\ne b_i,i=1,...,n\}. This is  so because here the one sided bound should be  increased by \PP(-S_n\ge t),  wherein the left skewed intervals become right skewed and vice versa.
2021/24 Supreme Court confirms that Uber drivers are ‘workers’ (UK)
Authors: Leckey Colin
Published: August 2021

2021/24 Supreme Court confirms that Uber drivers are ‘workers’ (UK)

The Supreme Court (SC) has unanimously decided that drivers engaged by Uber are workers rather than independent contractors. It also decided that drivers are working when they are signed in to the Uber app and ready to work.
Foreign policy and its features of Mr. Battulga Khaltmaa, The Fifth president of Mongolia
Authors: Dashdorj Bayarkhuu
Published: August 2021

It should be noted that this article is not written for Mr. Kh.Battulga, who resigned, but for the sixth President of Mongolia, Mr. U.Khurelsukh, who is the successor of Mr. Battulga and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Relying on the following facts, this article explains in detail how Mr. Battulga kept the consistency of foreign policy long pursued by the Mongolian “statehood” in a right, optimal and resource-saving manner while in office. The author hopes that this article will be read by the next President of Mongolia and his Office in the sense that

Mongolia’s foreign policy has been consistent and the right beginning should be continued.

 

Монгол Улсын тав дахь Ерөнхийлөгч Х.Баттулгын гадаад бодлого, түүний онцлог

Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүллийг албаа өгсөн ноён Х.Баттулгад зориулаагүй, түүний халааг авч буй зургаа дахь Ерөнхийлөгч ноён У.Хүрэлсүх болон түүний өнгөн дээр ажиллах Засгийн газар, ялангуяа ГХЯ-нд зориулж бичсэнийг ойлгон хүлээн авах биз ээ. Ноён Х.Баттулга дөрвөн жил ажиллахдаа Монгол Төрийн гадаад бодлогыг зөв, оновчтой, зарим талаар хэмнэлттэй үргэлжлүүлсэн гэдгийг дор баримтаар дэлгэрэнгүй өгүүллээ. Тэнцвэрийг хаа хаанаа зөв барьж чадсан гэж үзлээ. Монгол Улсын гадаад бодлого залгамж шинжтэй, зөв эхлэлийг зөв өвлөх гэдэг утгаар дараагийн шинэ Төрийн тэргүүн, түүний Тамгын газарт энэхүү өгүүлэл хүрэх болтугай!

Зангилаа үгс: Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч, Х.Баттулга, гадаад бодлого, олон талт форумыг гадаад харилцаанд ашиглахуй
Country-specific approaches to combating the pandemic; governance capacity
Authors: Namsraidorj Gerelt-Od
Published: August 2021

During the most severe pandemic period in the last hundred years every country is handling it with their own approach. The pandemic reveals the differences among them in terms of leadership and strengths and weaknesses of the countries’ governance. What type of management has proved effective in this time of pandemic and what has not? This research examines whether it is related to the political regimes by country (form of governance); the pandemic management is compared across the countries with democratic, authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, as well as unique approaches taken by the countries.
 
Улс орнуудын цар тахалтай тэмцэж буй арга барил, засаглалын чадамж
Хураангуй: Дэлхийн түүхийн сүүлийн 100 жилд тохиож байгаагүй хамгийн их хохирол дагуулж байгаа цар тахлын хүнд үеийг улс орон бүр өөр өөрийнхөөрөө удирдан зохицуулж байна. Цар тахал улс орнуудын манлайлал, засаглалын ялгаатай байдал, түүний давуу болон сул талыг илрүүлж байна. Тэгвэл гамшгийн энэ цаг үед ямар менежмент хэрэгжүүлсэн нь амжилт олж, ямар нь амжилт олохгүй байна вэ? Энэ нь тухайн улсын улс төрийн дэглэмтэй (засаглалын хэлбэр) харилцан хамааралтай эсэхийг ардчилсан, авторитар болон тоталитар дэглэмтэй түүнчлэн бусдаас онцлог арга хэмжээ авч хэрэгжүүлж байгаа улс орнуудын цар тахлын менежментийн кэйсийг харьцуулан судаллаа.
Түлхүүр үг: Цар тахал, улс төрийн дэглэм, засаглал, менежмент
Analysing Spatio-Temporal Voting Patterns in Brazilian Elections Through a Simple Data Science Pipeline
Authors: M. Jacintho L. H. , P. da Silva T. , S. Parmezan A. R. , A. P. A. Batista G. E.
Published: August 2021

Since 1989, the first year of the democratic presidential election after a long period of a dictatorship regime, Brazil conducted eight presidential elections. Short and long-term shifts of power and two impeachment processes marked such a period. This instability is a research case in electoral studies, mainly regarding the understanding of citizens' voting behavior. Comprehending patterns in the population behavior can give us insight into phenomena and processes that affect democratic political decisions. In light of this, our paper analyses Brazilian electoral data at the municipal level from 1998 to 2018 using a simple data science pipeline, which consists of five steps: (i) data selection; (ii) data preprocessing; (iii) identification of spatial patterns, in which we seek to understand the role of space in the election results employing spatial auto-correlation techniques; (iv) identification of temporal patterns, where we investigate similar trends of votes over the years applying a hierarchical clustering method; and (v) evaluation of results. We study the presidential elections focusing on the right and left-wing parties most relevant for the period: the Brazilian Social Democracy Party~(PSDB) and the Workers' Party~(PT). We also analyse the congressman election data regarding parties ideologically to the right and left in the political spectrum. Through the obtained results, we found the existence of spatial dependence in every electoral year investigated. Moreover, despite the changes in the political-economic context over the years, neighboring cities seem to present similar voting behavior trends.
Ungeschnitten
Authors: Jehle Martin
Published: August 2021

„Ungeschnitten“ erforscht das ästhetische, konzeptionelle und diskursive Potential der Sequenzeinstellung und profiliert den Begriff des Ungeschnittenen für die künftige Filmforschung. Beschrieben und analysiert werden ungeschnittene oder ungeschnitten erscheinende Filmsequenzen vom Frühen Kino bis in die Gegenwart. Es handelt sich dabei um bekannte und weniger bekannte Filmszenen, die meist mit den Begriffen „Long Take“ oder „Plansequenz“ bezeichnet wurden. Teil des Samples sind Aufnahmen, die durch elaborierte Kamerafahrten und die logistisch komplexe Zusammenarbeit der Gewerke am Drehort zustande gekommen sind. Untersucht werden aber auch Sequenzen, die durch unterschiedliche filmtechnische Trickverfahren aus mehreren Aufnahmen zusammengefügt wurden und deren Übergänge mehr oder weniger unsichtbar unter der Bildoberfläche verborgen sind.
Spoločenstvá suchozemských mäkkýšov severnej časti Devínskej Kobyly (Malé Karpaty) [Land snail assemblages of the north part of the Devínska Kobyla hill (Malé Karpaty Mts., SW Slovakia)]
Authors: Šteffek Jozef
Published: August 2021

Present paper is focused on two topics. First topic is focused on evaluation of mollusc assemblages of northern part of the Devínska Kobyla hill (Malé Karpaty Mts.). The second topic was evaluation of all published data on molluscs of this area. The research was conducted during vegetation period of the year 1978. From 9 types of biotopes altogether 47 quantitative samples were sampled. The assemblages were evaluated on the base of constancy and dominance of the species. Altogether 7913 mollusc specimens were obtained from the samples. Composition and status of the forest mollusc assemblages in northern part of the Devínska Kobyla was shown to be determined by the substratum, age of forest stand and the degree of the biotopes disturbance. The species richest assemblage was detected within old grown forest (biotope 7) and calcareous substratum. The species poorest were assemblages found within clear-cut and young stand (biotopes 5, 8). Species rich community was found also in old growth forest with quartzite substratum, however a number of steppe species is absent within this biotope. The molluscan communities of open habitats were observed only in the northern part of the Devínska Kobyla foothill area. They occur mainly within xeric degraded grassland biotopes (vacant pastures, deforested fields). Within other non-limestone substratum biotopes only species poor coenoses composed of single or e few of species occurred (biotopes 2 and 6). The exception was the natural xeric grassland biotopes, which were typical biotopes for rich community of steppe molluscs (biotope 9). Extremely rich were limestone rocks, which are in addition partially covered by forest. The rich forest land snail community together with a number of xeric species was found here (biotope 3). In second part mollusc species composition of northern and southern part of the Devínska Kobyla massive and the Devínske Hradné Bralo hill are compared. Altogether 65 mollusc species (51 species in north part, 44 species in south part, 37 species in the Devín Castle hill) were found in whole area until nowadays. 10 mollusc species were found only in the southern part of the Devínska Kobyla massive (Bythinella austriaca, Chondrula tridens, Zebrina detrita, Vitrea subrimata, Nesovitrea hammonis, Limax cinereoniger, Limax maximus, Arion fuscus, Pisidium casertanum a P. personatum), 5 species were found only in northern part of the Massive (Platyla polita, Pyramidula pusilla, Vertigo pusilla, Vitrea crystallina, Monachoides vicinus) and 4 species were only found in the Devínske Hradné Bralo hill (Pupilla sterri, Balea perversa, Trichia striolata danubialis, Fruticicola fruticum). During our research 3 species new not published from this area were found (Platyla polita, Nesovitrea hammonis and Limax maximus).
New records of Gyraulus rossmaessleri (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Beran Luboš
Published: August 2021

Populations of the freshwater snail Gyraulus rossmaessleri (Auerswald, 1852) (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) were found at 4 sites in the Meandry Smědé Nature Reserve (Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic). In Bohemia this species has not been found for last 25 years and the nearest localities with its known occurrence in the past are situated about 100 km to the south-west.
The long-term transformations of Gastropod communities in dam-reservoirs of Upper Silesia (Southern Poland)
Authors: Strzelec Małgorzata , Spyra Aneta , Krodkiewska Mariola , Serafiński Włodzimierz
Published: August 2021

Studies on snail communities in nine dam reservoirs in Upper Silesia were carried out in two periods: 1980–90 and 1995–2004. The observed changes referred to domination patterns. There was found that after introduction of two alien gastropods Physella acuta and Potamopyrgus antipodarum they became the dominants in four reservoirs by the simultaneous percentage decrease of earlier native dominants. The species density decreased in second study period in five reservoirs, mainly in effect of alien species invasion, but in some cases in consequence of various human interventions. Taking into account the whole collection the commonest species in the first study period were Radix peregra and Planorbis planorbis, while Radix peregra, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, and Physella acuta in the second. Inexplicable is however the mass occurrence of Valvata piscinalis in Żywiecki dam reservoir, because in whole Soutern Poland it is one of rarest snail species both in rivers and stagnant water bodies.
Training experiences in cyberspace and creative processes in social isolation
Authors: Astles Cariad
Published: August 2021

This article was prepared from the conference that the author gave at the opening of ANIMA UDESC - Internacional Seminar of Studies in the Arts of Puppetry - Online Edition, on May 21, 2021. The conference had as its theme Training experiences in cyberspace and creative processes in social isolation, and addressed aspects of the link between Puppet Theater and the pandemic, and reflections based on the author's work with her students in the first six months of the pandemic.
Mulheres no teatro de animação, tecendo afetos em rede
Authors: Benatti Bárbara Duarte , Viana Joana Vieira
Published: August 2021

O artigo trata da atuação das mulheres no teatro de animação durante os primeiros quinze meses de isolamento social, decorrente da pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil, partindo da hipótese que há um aumento significativo na representatividade destas atuantes no cenário nacional. Apresenta breve relato da formação da Rede de Bonequeiras Brasileiras e alguns dos principais eventos de teatro de animação realizados de forma virtual durante o período, refletindo sobre as transformações vivenciadas na área, por conta da realidade imposta pela pandemia.
Ânima: uma introdução ao teatro de bonecos com aulas online
Authors: Carvalho Jailson
Published: August 2021

Este texto é um relato de experiência, como estudante, no curso de formação “Ânima: uma introdução ao Teatro de Bonecos” realizado entre os meses de outubro e novembro de 2020 com aulas online. O processo de formação do ator/animador, ou seja, aquele que proporciona a ideia de ânima, ou vida, a um objeto inanimado, pode ser permeado de nuances que variam desde as possibilidades para a confecção do boneco às técnicas utilizadas para dar ânima, ou vida, ao boneco. O objetivo deste relato será refletir sobre o processo de formação para Teatro de Bonecos com aulas online, onde cada estudante precisa de um computador, celular ou tablet para assistir as aulas em casa de forma síncrona, em tempo real e participar das atividades práticas e teóricas. O curso foi desenvolvido na plataforma ZOOM as segundas-feiras e quartas-feiras, das 18h às 20h [horário de Brasília]. Participaram como cursistas pessoas de estados diferentes do Brasil e do exterior. Como resultado, foi apresentado um exercício cênico para convidados por meio da plataforma ZOOM.
Information and Communication Technology Use for Life Satisfaction among the Elderly: A Motivation Perspective
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Guo Xitong , Vogel Doug
Published: August 2021

Objectives: Information and communication technology (ICT) has emerged as an appealing approach to address the changing life satisfaction of the aging population. This study explores the influence of perceived benefit and social support on the life satisfaction of elderly individuals
via the mediation of their ICT use, from a motivation perspective. Additionally, we explore the moderating effect of health consciousness on the relationship between perceived benefit, social support and ICT use for the elderly. Methods: Using 237 valid samples from elderly
individuals in China, we conducted a survey to evaluate their ICT use, perceived benefit, social support and life satisfaction. Results: Perceived benefit and social support both can influence life satisfaction of elderly individuals, and the effects of these factors are mediated
by elderly ICT use. Furthermore, health consciousness can moderate the relationship among perceived benefit, social support and ICT use for the elderly. Conclusions: Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations can influence ICT use by elderly individuals as well as their life satisfaction.
ICT use plays an important role in life satisfaction for elderly people, and their individual health consciousness is a crucial factor.
Estimation of the Ultraviolet-C Doses from Mercury Lamps and
Light-Emitting Diodes Required to Disinfect Surfaces
Authors: Fredes Pablo , Raff Ulrich , Gramsch Ernesto , Tarkowski Marcelo
Published: August 2021

Disinfection of surfaces by ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation is gaining importance in diverse applications. However, there is generally no accepted computational procedure to determine the minimum irradiation times and UV-C doses required for reliable and secure disinfection of surfaces. UV-C dose distributions must be comparable for devices presently on the market and future ones, as well as for the diverse surfaces of objects to be disinfected. A mathematical model is presented to estimate irradiance distributions. To this end, the relevant parameters are defined. These parameters are the optical properties of the UV-C light sources, such as wavelength and emitted optical power, as well as electrical features, like radiant efficiency and consumed power. Furthermore, the characteristics and geometry of the irradiated surfaces as well as the positions of the irradiated surfaces in relation to the UV-C light sources are considered. Because mercury (Hg) lamps are competitive with UV-C light-emitting diodes, a comparative analysis between these two light sources based on the simulation results is also discussed.
A CTP-dependent gating mechanism enables ParB spreading on DNA
Authors: Jalal Adam SB , Tran Ngat T , Stevenson Clare EM , Chimthanawala Afroze , Badrinarayanan Anjana , Lawson David M , Le Tung BK
Published: August 2021

Proper chromosome segregation is essential in all living organisms. The ParA-ParB-parS system is widely employed for chromosome segregation in bacteria. Previously, we showed that Caulobacter crescentus ParB requires cytidine triphosphate to escape the nucleation site parS and spread by sliding to the neighboring DNA (Jalal et al., 2020). Here, we provide the structural basis for this transition from nucleation to spreading by solving co-crystal structures of a C-terminal domain truncated C. crescentus ParB with parS and with a CTP analog. Nucleating ParB is an open clamp, in which parS is captured at the DNA-binding domain (the DNA-gate). Upon binding CTP, the N-terminal domain (NTD) self-dimerizes to close the NTD-gate of the clamp. The DNA-gate also closes, thus driving parS into a compartment between the DNA-gate and the C-terminal domain. CTP hydrolysis and/or the release of hydrolytic products are likely associated with reopening of the gates to release DNA and recycle ParB. Overall, we suggest a CTP-operated gating mechanism that regulates ParB nucleation, spreading, and recycling.
La actividad musical de la orden jesuita en el Cuyo colonial: una primera aproximación
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Martínez García Gonzalo , Ramos José Miguel
Published: August 2021

El artículo presenta un estudio de la actividad musical en el Colegio jesuita de Mendoza y la Residencia jesuita de San Juan (Cuyo) durante la Colonia. El estudio se basa en el relevamiento de fuentes coloniales presentes en archivos de las ciudades de Mendoza y San Juan. Se contabilizan las entradas de músicos, instrumentos u objetos musicales y se analizan sus posibles usos e implicancias, pretendiendo dar así una primera visión de la importancia de la actividad musical en dichos espacios.
El monopolio de la técnica: inequidades de género y agencia feminista en las labores de apoyo del campo musical chileno
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Pinochet Carla , Valdovinos Marcela
Published: August 2021

Este artículo se propone indagar en los modos en que se expresan las inequidades de género en un ámbito que, a pesar de su relevancia para el desarrollo del campo musical, no ha recibido suficiente atención por parte de la sociología o la historia del arte y de la música: los dominios técnicos. Tomando como punto de partida los resultados de un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas en profundidad y focus group, y valiéndonos de los aportes conceptuales de la teoría del género, este trabajo contribuye a la caracterización de las labores de apoyo en el mundo de la música, documentando lo que significa para las mujeres desempeñarse en este contexto masculinizado: sus costos subjetivos y las barreras cotidianas de su quehacer. Este texto, además, busca visibilizar los recursos que movilizan y las estrategias que despliegan las mujeres para persistir en estos circuitos, promoviendo formas alternativas de construir equipo en un contexto adverso. Se concluye, finalmente, que el medio técnico es un entorno altamente masculinizado, que limita severamente las posibilidades profesionales de las mujeres; en este escenario, los feminismos contemporáneos han permitido a las mujeres ir progresivamente abriendo espacios y demostrando que existen otras formas de hacer las cosas.
Audit of Computed Tomography (Brain) Referrals from the Accident and Emergency Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sahdev Ravinder , Shukla Yashasvi , Rao Akhilesh
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Non-contrast Computerised Tomography (NCCT) Brain is a common referral made from the Accident and Emergency (A&E) department both for traumatic and non traumatic causes. Aim: To evaluate the veracity of the referrals made by the Accident and Emergency Department clinicians for non-contrast computed tomography Head. Materials and Methods: This was the Retrospective evaluation of diagnostic yield of head Computed Tomography (CT) referrals made from A&E Department of a tertiary care hospital located in northern-central India over three year period between January 2015 to December 2017. CT reports were first grouped into two major group’s trauma and non trauma referrals with further subdivision into positive and negative scan on the basis of presence of abnormality. Subsequently, the positive trauma reports were classified into Major findings (three subgroups extra-axial haemorrhage, brain contusions and other miscellaneous findings) and minor findings like undisplaced fractures of the skull or facial bones with or without subgaleal haematoma. Distribution of trauma cases as per National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) criteria was then tabulated. Non-trauma reports were also further classified in to the two major clinically important findings of haemorrhage and infarct as well as non-specific minor findings. Results: Of the total data of 2185 head CT (980 trauma cases and 1205 in non trauma cases) referrals done by A&E Department during the study period. The 144 (58.5%) out of trauma cases and 328 (27.2%) out of non trauma cases were with major findings. 788 (80.4%) of trauma cases and 965 (80.1%) out of non trauma cases were referred by Medical Officer (MO)/ Resident as revealed from the audit. Positivity percentages for traumatic and non traumatic causes were 25.1% and 27.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Due to non adherence to existing guidelines or due to poor clinical knowledge, there is poor diagnostic yield of CT referrals made from A&E department. Thus clinical Audit is essential at Department of Radiodiagnosis to streamline the referring protocols and improves the overall efficiency of the healthcare system.
Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Dilemma in Management of Unicornuate Uterus with Canalised Rudimentary Horn- A Case Series
Authors: Sathyavani C , Shruthi HS
Published: August 2021

A unicornuate uterus is the result of abnormal or failed development of one Mullerian duct. Partial development of one Mullerian duct leads to a rudimentary uterine horn. This can lead to various gynaecological and obstetric problems and diagnostic dilemma. Over the past ten years, the authors have witnessed about eight cases of unicornuate uterus with canalised rudimentary horn presenting as a wide spectrum of obstetric and gynaecological problems. Two cases presented as dysmenorrhoea, one was diagnosed as a part of infertility work-up and the rest presented with varied obstetric complications. Most of the cases underwent excision of the rudimentary horn with unilateral salpingectomy. High clinical suspicion and knowledge about varied presentation is important for early diagnosis in such cases and to avert the clinical complications.
Experiences of a Postgraduate Resident during COVID-19: The Trials and Tribulations in the Unique Setting of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Authors: Shet Suma , Patwa Payal , Sharma Charu , Jhirwal Manisha
Published: August 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be remembered as a life changing landmark in the medical history. The changes it brought forth in the life of medical students resemble the two sides of a coin. It made them unlearn the conventional methods of education, patient care and research and learn the newer ways of patient interaction through telemedicine, online classes through web-based platforms and completing their thesis and dissertation through different online modes. This commentary is based on such experiences of a postgraduate resident
Evaluating Vegetation Response to Climate Variability over Japan
Authors: Ayodele Adigun Paul , Seun Adawa Ifeoluwa
Published: August 2021

Vegetation plays a significant role in the exchange of energy, water and carbon between the atmosphere and land surface, understanding its response to climate variability is of great importance for climate adaptation studies. This study examined Seasonal June-July- August, and December-January-February(JJA and DJF) vegetation response to Temperature(T) and Rainfall(R) variability. Vegetation response to climate dynamics over Japan are still poorly understood, in other to quantify these response spatio-temporal distribution of T and R were investigated, vegetations changes was  also accessed utilizing MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 2007-2016(10 years) along with T and R datasets from 1987-2017 (31 years), The NDVI patterns show a checked heterogeneity relating to seasonal variations in climates,  our findings further reveals Northern region record an  increasing trend in T and R, standard deviation of 0.48, 9.66, with CV of 6.63%, 9.25% respectively were recorded. Also, an increasing  trend in T and R  was equally observed in the southern region with standard deviation of 0.43, 28.5, by a CV of 2.47% and 15.05. Further analysis revealed critical patterns in the NDVI during DJF months and then afterward  NDVI was seen with critical expanding values during the JJA month and diminishing NDVI patterns were seen over similar districts. The result further made it clear that NDVI changes were highly connected to different  T and R  patterns over the region while seasonal mean NDVI showed a critical increment for JJA in the North and DJA in the south.
The Biological Aspects of the Main Targets of Troll Line at Palabuhanratu Fishing Port, Indonesia
Authors: Annida Shafira Bilqis , Apriliani Izza Mahdiana , Baihaqi Faqih
Published: August 2021

The biological aspect is a piece of basic information that is commonly presented in assessing the level of environmental friendliness of fishing gear or fishing vessel. This study was conducted to analyze the biological aspects of the main catch of the troll line at the Palabuhanratu Fishing Port, Sukabumi, Indonesia. The biological aspects analyzed consisted of length frequency distribution, length-weight relationship, to the average feasibility status of the caught target fish. There were three main target commodities for fishing from the troll line that was identified during the research activity, namely yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), and frigate tuna (Auxis thazard). A total of 14 troll line fleets were obtained as a source of research data based on the accidental sampling method. The total number of 1404 fish consisting of 480 yellowfin tuna, 475 skipjack tuna, and 449 frigate tuna were obtained as research data objects. The stratified random sampling method was used in determining the observed sample fish data. Yellowfin tuna were distributed at size 29 – 148 cm, skipjack tuna at size 29 – 88 cm, and frigate tuna at size 23 – 82 cm. Analysis of the length-weight relationship showed a negative allometric growth pattern in the three main fishing target commodities. The analysis of the feasibility of the average fish caught based on compared of L50% to ½ L∞ shows that the average size of tuna and frigate tuna caught is undersize for catching, while the average skipjack caught has reached a legal size. The results of this study indicate that there is a need for a review of the use of fishing hooks in the fishing activity of the troll line fishing fleet. Increasing the hook size can be used to avoid catching fish that are at a size that is not suitable for catching.
Internet Crimes- it’s Analysis and Prevention Approaches
Authors: Babakerkhell Mohammad Dawood , Slimanzai Habibullah
Published: August 2021

In the present period of computerized handling, high level of online information is looked with digital threats. There are unlimited dangers and difficulties to information existence online.  Cyber-attacks which are considered the emerging and serious threats that are going on each second and investigation of those dangers and threats are exceptionally hard to confine and vanquish them. Cybercrimes have a terrible effect on governmental and non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, financial banks and economic infrastructures. Numerous worldwide societies, policy makers and intelligent agencies are trying to react and control cybercrimes. One of the most serious issue in the online processing is that how to secure and deal with our day by day information against digital misrepresentation and cybercrimes. To comprehend cybercrime and save our digital assets, this paper will analyze about various cybercrimes and addresses the effective prevention and detection ways and methods used for the avoidance, controlling, detection and combatting of those crimes.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Development of Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum SW)
Authors: Maloth Ghan Singh , Marka Rajinikanth , Nanna Rama Swamy
Published: August 2021

In the present study it was reported on direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledon and leaf explants of Turkey berry/pea egg plant (Solanum torvum SW), a medicinally important plant. Somatic embryogenesis has several advantages over other routes of in vitro plant regeneration. Somatic embryogenesis was induced directly from cotyledon and leaf explants on MS medium fortified with BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (0.5-6.0 mg/L). High percentage of somatic embryogenesis (90%), maximum number of somatic embryos formation (62±0.18)  along with high percentage (76%) conversion of somatic embryos into bipolar embryos was observed on cotyledon explants in 0.5 mg/L BAP+2.5 mg/L NAA. At the same concentration of BAP (0.5 mg/L)+NAA (2.5 mg/L) also resulted  on the maximum percentage of somatic embryogenesis (92%), the highest number of somatic embryos formation (88±0.15) and the highest percentage (76%) of somatic embryos conversion into bipolar embryos in leaf explants. A mixture of globular, heart and torpedo-shaped embryos were germinated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IAA+1.0-4.0 mg/L BAP. Maximum germination frequency (75±0.14) of somatic embryos and plantlet formation was found in 0.5 mg/L IAA+2.0 mg/L BAP, but they didn’t germinate on ½ MSO and MSO media. The survival rate of regenerated plants after field transfer was recorded to be 75%. These regenerated plants were found morphologically similar to donor plants. The present protocol can be used for conservation of the species and also for genetic transformation experiments in S. torvum.
Depth of Space and Radius of the Electron
Authors: Weber Stefan von , Eye Alexander von
Published: August 2021

The cosmological model of the expanding balloon in 4D-space (CM) delivers in interaction with a homogeneous vector field exactly Newton’s law of gravitation with its 1/r-shape of the gravitational funnel. So far, the depth of space, W, in the 4-th spatial dimension can only be calculated using the theoretical approach of Feynman’s radius of excess rex=a/3 with Schwarzschild-radius a. With this, the connection to the general theory of relativity (GR) is established, but the situation is unsatisfactory. In the present study, the possibilities of an experimental approach to the calculation of spatial depth, W, are explored. The only experimental approach so far is the bending of light on a central mass. We hypothesize in addition to the main effect φ = -4a/y, i.e., the angle of diffraction of a light beam on a heavy central mass in the distance y and with Schwarzschild-radius a, an additional effect close to the center of the form φC ~ -1/y4. This additional effect has on the edge of the central mass about 1/3 of the strength of the main effect. However, its influence disappears very quickly with increasing distance. For this reason the sun cannot be used as the central mass. The bright corona and the strong magnetosphere do not allow measurements close to the sun. However, ESA’s GAIA mission puts the planet Jupiter at the center of interest. This spacecraft measures with extremely high precision the positions of billions of stars. Results of first data analyses have already been published. As a side effect - the application of the CM to small particles provides an indication that the radius of the electron could be in the order of 10-23 m.
Increased Relapse Rate During COVID‐19 Lockdown in an Italian Cohort of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Naddei Roberta , Alfani Renata , Bove Martina , Discepolo Valentina , Mozzillo Filomena , Guarino Alfredo , Alessio Maria
Published: August 2021

Objective

Changes of routine disease management associated with COVID‐19 lockdown might have potentially affected the clinical course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of our study was to assess the rate of disease flare before and during COVID‐19 lockdown to investigate its impact on disease course in children with JIA.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective study was conducted, including patients presenting with inactive JIA between September 1, 2018 and March 9, 2019 (group A) and between September 1, 2019 and March 9, 2020 (group B). For each patient, demographic and clinical data were collected. The rate of JIA flare from March 10, 2019 to June 30, 2019 for group A and from March 10, 2020 to June 30, 2020 for group B was compared.

Results

Group A included 126 patients, and group B 124 patients. Statistical analysis did not show significant differences among the 2 cohorts with respect to age, sex, age at JIA onset, JIA subtype, co‐occurrence of uveitis, antinuclear antibody positivity, and past or ongoing medications. The rate of disease flare during lockdown at the time of the first COVID‐19 pandemic wave was significantly higher in comparison to the previous year (16.9% versus 6.3%; P = 0.009).

Conclusion

Our study showed that COVID‐19 lockdown was associated with a higher rate of joint inflammation in children with JIA. This finding has a considerable clinical implication, as restrictive measures may be necessary in order to contain pandemics. Our data highlight the need for rearrangement in the home and health care management of children with JIA during lockdowns.
Photonic Crystal Palette of Binary Block Copolymer Blends for Full Visible Structural Color Encryption
Authors: Eoh Hongkyu , Jung Youngdoo , Park Chanho , Lee Chang Eun , Park Tae Hyun , Kang Han Sol , Jeon Seungbae , Ryu Du Yeol , Huh June , Park Cheolmin
Published: August 2021

Structural color (SC) arising from a periodically ordered self‐assembled block copolymer (BCP) photonic crystal (PC) is useful for reflective‐mode sensing displays owing to its capability of stimuli‐responsive structure alteration. However, a set of PC inks, each providing a precisely addressable SC in the full visible range, has rarely been demonstrated. Here, a strategy for developing BCP PC inks with tunable structures is presented. This involves solution‐blending of two lamellar‐forming BCPs with different molecular weights. By controlling the mixing ratio of the two BCPs, a thin 1D BCP PC film is developed with alternating in‐plane lamellae whose periodicity varies linearly from ≈46 to ≈91 nm. Subsequent preferential swelling of one‐type lamellae with either solvent or non‐volatile ionic liquid causes the photonic band gap of the films to red‐shift, giving rise to full‐visible‐range SC correlated with the pristine nanostructures of the blended films in both liquid and solid states. The BCP PC palette of solution‐blended binary solutions is conveniently employed in various coating processes, allowing facile development of BCP SC on the targeted surface. Furthermore, full‐color SC paintings are realized with their transparent PC inks, facilitating low‐power pattern encryption.
Hybrid Devices by Selective and Conformal Deposition of PtSe2 at Low Temperatures
Authors: Prechtl Maximilian , Parhizkar Shayan , Hartwig Oliver , Lee Kangho , Biba Josef , Stimpel‐Lindner Tanja , Gity Farzan , Schels Andreas , Bolten Jens , Suckow Stephan , Giesecke Anna Lena , Lemme Max C. , Duesberg Georg S.
Published: August 2021

2D materials display very promising intrinsic material properties, with multiple applications in electronics, photonics, and sensing. In particular layered platinum diselenide has shown high potential due to its layer‐dependent tunable bandgap, low‐temperature growth, and high environmental stability. Here, the conformal and area selective (AS) low‐temperature growth of layered PtSe2 is presented defining a new paradigm for 2D material integration. The thermally‐assisted conversion of platinum which is deposited by AS atomic layer deposition to PtSe2 is demonstrated on various substrates with a distinct 3D topography. Further the viability of the approach is presented by successful on‐chip integration of hybrid semiconductor devices, namely by the manufacture of a highly sensitive ammonia sensors channel with 3D topography and fully integrated infrared‐photodetectors on silicon photonics waveguides. The presented methodologies of conformal and AS growth therefore lay the foundation for new design routes for the synthesis of more complex hybrid structures with 2D materials.
Surface‐Bound Microgels for Separation, Sensing, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Cutright Camden C. , Harris Jacob L. , Ramesh Srivatsan , Khan Saad A. , Genzer Jan , Menegatti Stefano
Published: August 2021

This study presents a comprehensive survey of microgel‐coated materials and their functional behavior, describing the complex interplay between the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the microgels and the chemical and morphological features of substrates. The cited literature is articulated in four main sections: i) properties of 2D and 3D substrates, ii) synthesis, modification, and characterization of the microgels, iii) deposition techniques and surface patterning, and iv) application of microgel‐coated surfaces focusing on separations, sensing, and biomedical applications. Each section discusses – by way of principles and examples – how the various design parameters work in concert to deliver functionality to the composite systems. The case studies presented herein are viewed through a multi‐scale lens. At the molecular level, the surface chemistry and the monomer make‐up of the microgels endow responsiveness to environmental and artificial physical and chemical cues. At the micro‐scale, the response effects shifts in size, mechanical, and optical properties, and affinity towards species in the surrounding liquid medium, ranging from small molecules to cells. These phenomena culminate at the macro‐scale in measurable, reversible, and reproducible effects, aiming in a myriad of directions, from lab‐scale to industrial applications.
All‐Dielectric Crescent Metasurface Sensor Driven by Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: Wang Juan , Kühne Julius , Karamanos Theodosios , Rockstuhl Carsten , Maier Stefan A. , Tittl Andreas
Published: August 2021

Metasurfaces based on quasi‐bound states in the continuum (quasi‐BICs) constitute an emerging toolkit in nanophotonic sensing as they sustain high quality factor resonances and substantial near‐field enhancements. It is demonstrated that silicon metasurfaces composed of crescent shaped meta‐atoms provide tailored light‐matter interaction controlled by the crescent geometry. Significantly, this metasurface not only exhibits a fundamental quasi‐BIC resonance, but also supports a higher‐order resonance with tunable electromagnetic field enhancement and advantageous properties for sensing. The higher‐order resonance shows twice the sensitivity of the fundamental one for bulk refractive index sensing. It is further demonstrated that both the fundamental and higher‐order resonances can be exploited for sensing ultrathin layers of biomolecules in air and buffer solutions. Specifically, when measuring in buffer solution, the figure of merit of the sensor, defined as the change in the spectral position of the resonance normalized to its full width at half maximum, is a factor of 2.5 larger for the higher‐order resonance when compared to the fundamental one. Due to its high sensitivity and potential for straightforward microfluidic integration, the silicon crescent metasurface is ideally suited for real‐time and in situ biosensing, enabling compact sensing devices for a wide range of diagnostic applications.