bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Question of the Trip
Authors: Walker Linda Marie
Published: December 2019

This paper addresses a weaving-writing; a writing of crooked/uneven lines that make in the midst of no-return, and of failing to constitute a worthwhile consistent thing (object, place, story, room, etc); a writing, a practice, that doesn’t argue or conclude, and that exercises itself little by little (perhaps by attenuating an intensity (toward weakness)); a tending-toward spaces that barely make their presence present, and are, in a sense a letting- come. I take as a landscape/interior, the Coorong (an inland sea in the south-east of South Australia, which lies between where I live now and where I once lived (homes) – a place that’s taking me all my life to see, and that’s in a state of dying. This seeing touches upon an ecology of thinking/making/writing that lightly uses a method of infinity/mood toward inquiry – whereby feeling orients critique or knowing, or letting-it-be, and the said/written is almost- nothing in the hope of leaving-together (the inside with the outside, for instance); and, so as not to embroider too thickly (but rather to pick at/fray threads and unfix views) or cover all the cloth (and stop breathing). This writing, or practice of coming-and-going, is a diminishing writing, perhaps, and a quietness.
inside-out
Authors: Smith Cathy
Published: December 2019

In this paper, I have speculated on the interior as a site and an idea of betweeness. Feminist philosopher Luce Irigaray (Irigaray 1999) has associated the concept of interior with dualist and gendered philosophies. Nevertheless, the interior as a site has offered many opportunities for artists and occupants to challenge how we inhabit and change architecture. In this paper, I will focus on a design project that involves experimental making and living as part of a subversive approach to architecture: suggesting that we might re-conceptualise ‘interior’ as the space of betweeness rather than the space of the contained. This paper, part of my ongoing doctoral research, has extended ideas about the interior that I explored in the 2003 IDEA journal and has reflected my personal experience of collaborative, experimental design practices. The purpose of my research is to explore the betweeness of spatial practice.
Glue and Gumption
Authors: Lloyd-Jenkins Douglas
Published: December 2019

Between austerity and excess lies the caravan. This paper looks at a recent project by Auckland designer Katy Wallace. Wallace’s mission was to rethink the interior of that ultimately austere space – the caravan. Firstly, the paper positions Wallace’s project within the historical context of the modern caravan. Secondly, it looks at how Wallace has responded to the dual needs of the contemporary interior and those of confined spaces of an existing caravan. Finally, the paper examines the caravan in the wider context of recent New Zealand holiday location architecture. In a period in which a new breed of holiday houses strives for austerity and seemingly achieves only excess, this paper questions whether the caravan will ever again find a place at the twenty first century beach.
Absolute Zero – Revealing the Void
Authors: O'Brien Darragh
Published: December 2019

Which comes first, the walls or the space? The discussion in this paper explores the significance of the void in the development of innovative architectural space. It challenges the traditional perception that only ‘positive’ elements, such as walls, generate meaningful form; the void being diminished in the role of resultant ‘negative’ space. If our design process concentrates on the object as the generator of interior space, then, as is proposed in the paper, our ability to develop and communicate our ideas is limited by the inherent meaning of that object. If, however, we come to accept the symbolic language of materiality, then, as interior architects, we will invert this process and explore the subject meaning of our ideas before defining their form. This proposal is illustrated with reference to Daniel Libeskind, Coop Himmmelb[l]au, Michaelangelo, the vanishing point, the blank page, and the absent North Pole. Oppositional relationships are noted as existing within the symbiotic framework of the void; a place where we strip away preconceived meaning in order to find the zero- point of our ideas. In so doing, the negative is inverted and the void becomes a meaningful generator of architectural form, in a design process that enables us to define our intentions beyond the inherent influence of the tangible object.
Between-ness
Authors: Smith Cathy
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a theoretical framework developed in a doctoral program of research concerned with connecting philosophies of between-ness with design practice is described. The theory of ‘spatial excess’ as defined by Elizabeth Grosz is shown to be particularly useful in reconceptualising design practice. Central to this is an understanding of spatial excess in relation to anti-deterministic space, the search for different spatial inhabitations, and ephemeral people-space relations; dimensions developed further in the doctoral program through two spatial practices that exist outside conventional architecture and design – site specific installation art and experimental making. These are outlined in the paper together with findings that suggest that practices of spatial excess might be most potent in sites that are conceptually and physically interior, and that these practices should happen in everyday contexts and environments where they can be initiated by their occupants.
Nature to nurture
Authors: Stephens Harry
Published: December 2019

The theoretical basis for, and description of, an introductory semester in 1 first year design fundamentals studio.
Opening statement
Authors: Lommerse Marina
Published: December 2019

Interested Australian universities with Interior Design/Interior Architecture degrees held an inaugural meeting in Sydney in 1996 to elicit interest in an association to advocate Interior Design/Interior Architecture education and research. In 1997 IDEA was formalised to encourage and support excellence in the discipline. This is the Inaugural publication of the annual ‘IDEA Referred Design Scheme’, one of the activities the IDEA committee promotes. Participating universities include: Curtin University of Technology, Queensland College of Art, Queensland University of Technology, Northern Territory University, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, University of New South Wales, University of South Australia and the University of Technology Sydney.
Interior design programs at QUT
Authors: Franz Jill
Published: December 2019

This submission describes the process and outcome of revising existing tertiary interior design programs to address social, educational and professional demands. It is argued that the outcomes form a strong substantive and procedural base for the development of interior design in the new millennium.
Reloading Spaces:
Authors: Camocini Barbara , Rebaglio Agnese , Petrillo Daniela
Published: December 2019

Design has been often used as a key-lever in the transformation of urban places to respond to the arising needs of the contemporary society. Our cities see the growing demand for places where people can cultivate a sense of wellbeing, share their daily life and get closer to other inhabitants. This paper focuses on the challenging task of designing new scenarios to reactivate urban spaces and abandoned or underutilised interiors, on the ground level of the city, in some difficult contexts. Urban interior design could help to create welcoming public places where the ethnically diverse neighbourhood, the co-existence of a progressively ageing population together with young families, the mix of council housing and private ownership, could be a value. This paper introduces the neighbourhood of San Siro, where the final design studio lab experience of the Bachelor of Science in Interior Design, School of Design, Politecnico di Milano, Reloading Spaces took place. Design lab projects were aimed at the activation of dynamic redevelopment and revitalisation of the neighbourhood through strategies for the re-appropriation of the urban spaces that bond different environments in order to communicate and strengthen a common identity of the neighbourhood.The ultimate goal of the design lab projects was to imagine possible scenarios that could become innovative trends, starting with an enquiry into people, their behaviour and their contemporary needs.
Design Activism:
Authors: Di Cintio Lorella
Published: December 2019

The overarching theme of this journal is design activism. Designers need to be activists, and radical shifts are needed to allow any form of activism to evolve. Institutions of higher learning and the profession need to nurture and equip the next generation of designers with new ways of learning and practice; to achieve any form of positive change, design institutions, scholars and practitioners need to urgently change their models, modes and methodologies. Design pedagogy and practice needs to be realigned away from the current asymmetrical approaches to teaching, practice and research. Over the years, I have been nurturing and expanding an overall agenda that consistently works toward developing innovative solutions to benefit civil society and improve social innovation, sustainability and the environment. Design activism informs not only my philosophy as a designer, but my philosophy and practice as a teacher and scholar.
Designing a Community Garden
Authors: Fassi Davide , Sachero Alessandro , Simeone Giulia
Published: December 2019

Politecnico di Milano Coltivando is a convivial garden where people meet, experiment, cultivate crops and share their skills and ideas. Coltivando uses innovative service and spatial design knowledge and community consultation processes. Coltivando is a design research project that is documented throughout its entire process. It is also a social as well as an educational experiment. People from the same neighbourhood yet strangers to one another and design students from the different disciplines of service and spatial design are brought together.This paper is a project review that analyses and explains the context, the main outputs and innovation, the process, the obstacles, the impact, the users’ needs, the transferability of the solution and its dissemination.
Contributory Economies,
Authors: Smith Cathy D , Chapman Michael
Published: December 2019

This paper will deploy French philosopher Bernard Stiegler’s neo-Marxist notion of the contributory economy to explore conceptions and practices of ‘DIY (Do It Yourself) urbanism’, with a specific focus on disused interior spaces. Reference will be made to contemporary design and architectural discourses on DIY urbanism and design activism, particularly in relation to the Renew Newcastle scheme in Newcastle, Australia. Although Renew is now a recognised model for urban regeneration, it began in 2008 as a socially-orientated experiment within the unoccupied shopfronts and tenancies of this rapidly transforming post-industrial city. Its DIY urbanism occurs alongside established institutional and commercial entities and as such, it could be superficially understood as an extension of, rather than an alternative to, mainstream project procurement models. Here, Stiegler’s invocations of contributory economies, driven by an ethic of care or cura, suggest a way of understanding Renew Newcastle’s urbanism as a participatory economy coexistent with the same capitalistic economy that prompted the urban decline it addresses.
Explaining and Understanding Early Literacy
Authors: Neuman Susan B.
Published: December 2019

The last decade has brought a growing consensus on the range of skills that serve as the foundation for reading and writing ability (Neuman & Dickinson, 2011). To become a skilled reader, children need a rich language and conceptual knowledge base, a broad and deep vocabulary, and verbal reasoning abilities to understand messages that are conveyed through print. Children also must develop code-related skills, an understanding that spoken words are composed of smaller elements of speech (phonological awareness); the idea that letters represent these sounds (the alphabetic principle), the many systematic correspondences between sounds and spellings, and a repertoire of highly familiar words that can be easily and automatically recognized.But to attain a high level of skill, young children need opportunities to develop these strands, not in isolation, but interactively. Meaning, not sounds or letters, motivates children’s earliest experiences with print. Consequently, it is important to recognize that in practice, children acquire these skills in coordination and interaction with meaningful experiences. Given the tremendous attention that early literacy has received recently and the increasing diversity of the child population in most countries, it is important and timely to take stock of these critical dimensions as well as the strengths and gaps in our ability to measure these skills effectively. In the following sections, I describe the critical dimensions of early literacy and the implications for high quality practices in the early childhood setting.
Entrevista a Stephen Krashen
Authors: Rodrigo Victoria , Villanueva Roa Juan de Dios
Published: December 2019

Entrevista a Stephen Krashen
La importancia de la lectura y de las nuevas tecnologías en el aprendizaje del español para inmigrantes
Authors: Ortega Segrera Francisco José
Published: December 2019

El presente estudio científico tiene como objetivo considerar el aprendizaje de la lectura en el aula de español para extranjeros y la importancia de las nuevas tecnologías en el fomento del hábito lector de los aprendices. En un primer apartado se reconoce la necesidad del aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera debido al incremento de la población no nativa en en país y en la UE. Más adelante se detallarán las principales características del reconocimiento delas palabras en los primeros pasos lectores del aprendiz, valorando los distintos métodos y temáticas de lectura en el aula de español para extranjeros. Para finalizar se expone la necesidad de recurrir a las nuevas tecnologías que refuerzan la consecución de los objetivos para la mejora de la comprensión y expresiónoral y escrita en el aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua.
Literatura infantil y universidad: un estudio descriptivo sobre la formación inicial del profesorado de Grado en Educación Primaria
Authors: Palomares Marín Mari Cruz
Published: December 2019

La presente investigación busca ahondar en la formación específica sobre Literatura Infantil y Juvenil que reciben los futuros docentes de Educación Primaria. Un total de 86 alumnos, procedentes de dos facultades de Educación españolas, formó la muestra de alumnos encuestados. Para la recogida de información se diseñó un cuestionario con el que obtener información de carácter descriptivo, que posteriormente fue analizado utilizando el programa informático de análisis cuantitativo de datos. Los resultados de esta investigación revelan una consideración elevada por parte de profesorado en formación sobre los usos didácticos de la Literatura Infantil para el desarrollo de proyectos que impliquen el trabajo de la educación literaria y la promoción lectora, pero que no encuentran una correspondencia directa con las experiencias y formación recibida dentro de las aulas universitarias. Se concluye con los motivos por los que la formación en esta materia debe ser mejorada, aseverando la necesidad de una mayor presencia en la oferta académica tanto inicial como permanente en torno a esta materia.
Comprensión lectora de textos poéticos: Bartomeu Rosselló Pòrcel
Authors: Torrelles Font Carme
Published: December 2019

The digital image creativity, with its rhapsody and music, favors the pleasure reader of text sin verse and the reading comprehension of Tempestat de flama de Bartomeu Rosselló Pòrcel, catalan (2014) poetchosenforPAU-2015. The scanned images of the elements of poetic nature, centered in its context, breaks the barriers of formal text. While the young works the reading aloud internalized, this learns to be a good bard, shows an interest in his reading and he per forms best the deep analysis of content each poem. The video editing helps them to understand the poetic content and to understand better the view of world, of the author's life and of his work. ICTs bring us a didactic poetry very rewarding and creative for the ESO and the bachelor's degree.
Análisis de las noticias sobre lectura en Portugal: Jornal de Notícias (2012)
Authors: García-Delgado Giménez Belén
Published: December 2019

This paper deals with the analysis of the 35 news about reading in the Portuguese newspaper Jornal de Notícias in 2012. The goal is to find out if new technologies are influencing the reading habits. The analysis is based on the study of the frequency rate and semantic value of a key words selection – present in the news corpus – for the object of the study. They allow observing the public discourses evolution along the period of time studied as a consequence of the new technologies development. The reading concept evolution along this period is also analyzed as well as the issues related to the reading concept such as reading sociology, its relationship with education and also the new reading formats.
Ein Pilger auf Wanderschaft: Europäische Wirkungen von Adam Mickiewiczs romantischem Messianismus
Authors: GALL ALFRED
Published: December 2019

Abstract Der Aufsatz geht der europäischen Wirkung von Adam Mickiewiczs Traktat Die Bücher des polnischen Volkes und der polnischen Pilgerschaft (1832) nach. Im Fokus stehen ein slowakischer – L’udovít Štúr – und ein
mit der Ukraine verbundener Autor – Nikolaj (Mykola) Kostomarov –, die beide Mickiewiczs sakralisierende Geschichtsbetrachtung neu kontextualisieren. Untersucht wird die Konstruktion eines nationale Identität stiftenden Geschichtsnarrativs und die dabei angewandte Begrifflichkeit
der Pilgerschaft.The paper examines the influence of Adam Mickiewicz’s treatise The Books and the Pilgrimage of the Polish Nation (1832) in a European context. The focus rests on a Slowak writer - L’udovít Štúr – and an author with an Ukrainian
background – Nikolaj (Mykola) Kostomarov –, both of which are contextualizing Mickiewicz’s sacralisation of historiography in a new way. The article highlights the construction of national identity within a historical narrative and the applied vocabulary of pilgrimage.
FRIEDERIKE KRIPPNER, ANDREA POLASCHEGG, JULIA STENZEL (Hrsg.)Die andere Antike. Altertumsfigurationen auf der Bühne des 19. Jahrhunderts (Anfänge in der Moderne), Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Paderborn 2018, 253 S.
Authors: Ritter Nils C.
Published: December 2019

Wie viele Antiken gibt es eigentlich und seit wann? Das 19. Jahrhundert gilt – im Gegensatz zu Renaissance und Weimarer Klassik – nicht gerade als Epoche der Wiederkehr der Antike, was in Hinblick auf den Historismus und die sich etablierenden und mitunter medienwirksam
arbeitenden altertumswissenschaftlichen Teildisziplinen frappant erscheinen mag. Gerade mit Verweis auf die Weitung des Sichtfeldes durch die intensivierte Altertumsforschung verfolgt der Band die Frage, ob und inwiefern sich der Begriff des ,Altertums‘ im 19. Jahrhundert über
eine griechisch-römische Antike hinaus erstreckte. Der Band geht aus einer interdisziplinären Tagung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin im Rahmen des SFB 644 Transformationen der Antike in Kooperation mit dem BayernExcellent-Projekt Reformulierung der Antike. Arché
und Kommentar in Antike-Inszenierungen des 19. Jahrhunderts im Jahr 2012 hervor.
Humboldts Mobilität : Der Reisende in Europa
Authors: LUBRICH OLIVER
Published: December 2019

Abstract Der Artikel präsentiert zwei Karten, die Alexander von Humboldts rund 600 Aufenthaltsorte in Europa zum ersten Mal veranschaulichen. Sie wurden für die Berner Ausgabe seiner Sämtlichen Schriften (2019) entworfen. Auf ihrer Grundlage wird Humboldts
räumliche und gedankliche Mobilität diskutiert.The article presents two maps that visualize, for the first time, ca. 600 places in Europe that Alexander von Humboldt visited. The maps were drawn for the 2019 edition of Humboldt’s Complete Writings. Their vast networks
of movement represent Humboldt’s mobility, both spatial and intellectual.
Composition and projection of co-speech gestures
Authors: Esipova Maria
Published: December 2019

In this paper I argue against the common assumption in recent literature that content-bearing gestures co-occurring with speech project in a single uniform way determined by their co-speech status. Instead, I propose a composition-driven, modality-neutral approach whereby which projection mechanisms are available or enforced for a given piece of compositionally integrated content, spoken or gestural, is determined by how it composes in the syntax/semantics. I adduce experimental data supporting this view from an acceptability judgement task comparing co-nominal gestures to adnominal adjectives and appositives. More broadly, this paper establishes the need to treat gestures as bona fide linguistic objects at all levels of representation in order to understand how they contribute to the meaning of utterances as well as which aspects of grammar are modality-(in)dependent.
Deformations of foundations of windplant installation crane sites and their reasons
Authors: Gadeikis Saulius , Urbaitis Donatas , Gribulis Domas , Gadeikytė Sonata , Žaržojus Gintaras
Published: December 2019

Road and foundation deformations in modern Lithuanian construction are one of the most important problems. Constantly rising conflicts between customers and builders due to poor quality of foundations show that Lithuanian road builders do not ensure proper quality of work, do not perform the necessary road foundations and research,
do not carry out continuous control of their work. One such example was the construction of the Pagegiai wind farm in
2014÷2015. Improperly installed road and crane installation foundations have forced the wind power plant to stop working, which resulted in enormous losses. Additional cluster engineering geological surveys that included a full range of
field and laboratory work made it possible to identify the causes of poor quality work and to properly assess the properties of substrates and primers that are important for safe foundation operation.
A new approach for extending the possibilities of collaboration between BIM, GIS and Web environments to increase the efficiency of building space management
Authors: Shkundalov Danylo , Vilutienė Tatjana
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the approach that extends the opportunities of Web environments in BIM model processing
and allows implementation of the bigger amount of analysis that is based on the object’s positioning. With the developed
relations, the objects in the BIM model can be considered not just like independent 3D objects in the WebGL environment but as objects that are linked between each other and can act by the rules that defined to each type of the objects.
Correlated co-ordinates will be useful for the architects, building operators and facility managers who use the BIM
model for the management of the building and its components. This method can be used to increase the effectiveness of
space management, clash detection, relocation management and space programming as well as existing conditions modelling and lighting analysis can be done in a way that is more efficient due to possibility of implementation of the survey
coordinate system that will give the coordinates to each object in the scene.
Low emission hell in Polish cities – how to get rid of it through technical solutions applied in single family houses?
Authors: Dawiec Dominika , Ginda Grzegorz
Published: December 2019

Air in Polish cities belongs to the most polluted in Europe due to numerous causes e.g. high volume of road
traffic, inefficient road infrastructure, the utilisation of environment unfriendly vehicle propulsion. However, the culmination of poor air problem noticeably occurs in winter as a result of the need for supplying buildings with a great
amount of heat energy to defy influence of severe climate conditions. One of the most important causes for such situation deals with the application of solid fuel-based heat sources for heating buildings. The widespread burning of cheap
coal in outdated home stoves results in producing smoke rife that includes carcinogens like dioxins and benzo(a)pyrene, as well as the small sooty particles that are strongly linked to heart disease, respiratory diseases and other
sickness. Economical and social reasons make the application of such energy sources popular among single family
house owners. Popularity of single family houses in Polish cities thus makes air pollution problem even more serious.
Therefore, the effectiveness of selected solutions which would hopefully help to limit low pollution emission are discussed in the paper. They correspond well to current Polish government air improvement initiatives towards the improvement of air quality in Polish cities.
Application of the discrete element method (DEM) to particle laden multi-phase flows
Authors: Kruggel-Emden Harald
Published: December 2019

The discrete element method (DEM) coupled with methods for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a very
capable instrument to capture particle-laden multi-phase flows. While often the flow around individual particles is not
resolved on the CFD-side particle interaction is captured in detail. More recently resolved flow simulations have gained
in popularity which can be also based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). By coupling the latter with the DEM
particle/fluid systems can even be studied in more detail. A brief review of both approaches is performed and possible
applications are discussed.
First Identification of 10 kpc [C ii] 158 μm Halos around Star-forming Galaxies at z = 5–7
Authors: Fujimoto Seiji , Ouchi Masami , Ferrara Andrea , Pallottini Andrea , Ivison R. J. , Behrens Christoph , Gallerani Simona , Arata Shohei , Yajima Hidenobu , Nagamine Kentaro
Published: December 2019

We report the discovery of 10 kpc [C ii] 158 μm halos surrounding star-forming galaxies in the early universe. We choose deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data for 18 galaxies, each with a star formation rate of ≃10–70 M
⊙ with no signature of an active galactic nucleus whose [C ii] lines are individually detected at z = 5.153–7.142, and we conduct stacking of the [C ii] lines and dust continuum in the uv-visibility plane. The radial profiles of the surface brightnesses show a 10 kpc scale [C ii] halo at the 9.2σ level, significantly more extended than the Hubble Space Telescope stellar continuum data by a factor of ∼5 on the exponential-profile basis, as well as the dust continuum. We compare the radial profiles of [C ii] and Lyα halos universally found in star-forming galaxies at this epoch, and we find that the scale lengths agree within the 1σ level. While two independent hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations match the dust and stellar continuum properties, the simulations cannot reproduce the extended [C ii] line emission. The existence of the extended [C ii] halo is evidence of outflow remnants in the early galaxies and suggests that the outflows may be dominated by cold-mode outflows expelling the neutral gas.
A Remarkably Narrow RHESSI X-Ray Flare on 2011 September 25
Authors: Dennis Brian. R. , Tolbert Anne K.
Published: December 2019

The unusually narrow X-ray source imaged with the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) during an impulsive spike lasting for ∼10 s during the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite C7.9 flare on 2011 September 25 (SOL2011-09-25T03:32) was only ∼2″ wide and ∼10″ long. Comparison with Helioseismsic and Magnetic Imager magnetograms and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly images at 1700 Å shows that the X-ray emission was primarily from a long ribbon in the region of positive polarity with little if any emission from the negative polarity ribbon. However, a thermal plasma source density of ∼1012 cm−3 estimated from the RHESSI-derived emission measure and source area showed that this could best be interpreted as a coronal hard X-ray source in which the accelerated electrons with energies less than ∼50 keV were stopped by Coulomb collisions in the corona, thus explaining the lack of the more usual bright X-ray footpoints. Analysis of RHESSI spectra shows greater consistency with a multi-temperature distribution and a low-energy cutoff to the accelerated electron spectrum of 22 keV compared to 12 keV if a single-temperature distribution is assumed. This leads to a change in the lower limit on the total energy in electrons by an order of magnitude, given the steepness of the best-fit electron spectrum with a power-law index of ∼6.
Morphological Classification of G-band Bright Points Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Yang Yunfei , Li Xiaojie , Bai Xianyong , Zhou Huituan , Liang Bo , Zhang Xiaoli , Feng Song
Published: December 2019

The G-band bright points (GBPs) are driven by the granular convection flow, and appear with different morphologies in the quiet Sun, such as points, elongated chains, and knees. A point-like GBP represents a single slender flux tube, while the others represent the interaction of several slender flux tubes. This paper presents a deep-learning method, GBPs Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (GBP-MRCNN) for morphological classification of GBPs. A training set including 10,404 samples and a validation set including 2057 samples have been built. A total of 906 images as a testing set have been detected, segmented, and classified. They consist of 74,973 points (88.3%), 8660 elongated chains (10.2%), and 1239 knees (1.5%). GBP-MRCNN has achieved an efficient classification of GBPs with a mean average precision of 0.93. For points, elongated chains, and knees, the quiet Sun fractional area average values are 0.47%, 0.14%, and 0.03%, respectively. Correspondingly, the mean areas are (2.02 ± 0.69) × 104, (6.17 ± 1.71) × 104 and (6.99 ± 1.74) × 104 km2, respectively. The maximum intensity contrasts are 1.05 ± 0.12, 1.18 ± 0.17, and 1.36 ± 0.17, respectively. The mean eccentricities of points and elongated chains are 0.48 ± 0.23 and 0.89 ± 0.01, respectively. We adopt constituent points to describe how many points constitute a nonpoint-like GBP. The mean constituent points of elongated chains and knees are estimated as 2.77 ± 0.57 and 3.06 ± 0.65, respectively. The maximum length of the elongated chains can extend to over 1000 km, which corresponds to over eight single slender flux tubes. The characteristics of GBPs with different morphologies can be explained by the interaction between magnetic flux tubes and photospheric convection, and then help to build improved magnetic flux tube models.
Cosmological Constraints from the Redshift Dependence of the Alcock–Paczynski Effect: Fourier Space Analysis
Authors: Luo Xiaolin , Wu Ziyong , Li Miao , Li Zhigang , Sabiu Cristiano G. , Li Xiao-Dong
Published: December 2019

The tomographic Alcock–Paczynski (AP) method utilizes the redshift evolution of the AP distortion to place constraints on cosmological parameters. In previous works, it was performed via the anisotropic two-point correlation function statistic. In this work we consider the feasibility of conducting the analysis in the Fourier domain. We use the integrated galaxy power spectrum as a function of direction,

, to quantify the magnitude of anisotropy in the large-scale structure clustering, and use its redshift variation to do the AP test. The method is tested on the large, high-resolution Big-MultiDark Planck simulation at redshifts z = 0–1. Testing the redshift evolution of

in the true cosmology and cosmologies deviating from the truth with δΩ
m
 = 0.1, δw = 0.3, we find that the redshift evolution of the AP distortion overwhelms the redshift space distortions effects by a factor of ∼1.7–3.6. The method works well throughout the range of k ∈ (0.2, 1.8) h Mpc−1. We tune the halo mass within the range 2 × 1013–1014
M
⊙, and find that the change of halo bias results in ≲5% change in

, which is less significant compared with the cosmological effect. Our work shows that it is feasible to conduct the tomographic AP analysis in the Fourier space.
Narrow-absorption Line Complex. IV. Line-driven Radiative Outflows in Broad-absorption Line Quasars
Authors: Lu 陆 Wei-Jian 伟坚 , Lin 林 Ying-Ru 樱如
Published: December 2019

It has been reported that some broad-absorption lines (BALs) in quasar spectra can be decomposed into multiple narrow-absorption lines (NALs), which we define as “Type N BALs.” In this paper, using the spectra of 2005 BAL quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we have visually identified a total of 6764 C iv
λλ1548 and 1551 NAL systems with 1.4186 ≤ z
abs ≤ 3.8005, including 4174 C iv NAL systems within BAL troughs from 1349 quasars and 2590 outside BAL troughs from 1319 quasars. About two-thirds of the BAL quasars in the total sample contain Type N BALs, indicating the ubiquity of Type N BALs, which serve as a new perspective for studying outflows in the context of the NAL complex. Moreover, we find that, for both samples of C iv NAL systems within and outside BAL troughs, the distributions of velocity separation among distinct C iv NAL systems in the same quasar show significant excesses at the positions of C iv and Si iv doublet splittings, which offers statistical evidence for the idea that radiative forces play a significant role in driving both BAL and NAL outflows in BAL quasars.
Observational Analysis on the Early Evolution of a CME Flux Rope: Preflare Reconnection and Flux Rope’s Footpoint Drift
Authors: Chen Hechao , Yang Jiayan , Ji Kaifan , Duan Yadan
Published: December 2019

We study the early evolution of a hot-channel-like magnetic flux rope (MFR) toward eruption. Combining with imaging observation and magnetic field extrapolation, we find that the hot channel possibly originated from a preexisting seed MFR with a hyperbolic flux tube (HFT). In the precursor phase, three-dimensional tether-cutting reconnection at the HFT is most likely resulting in the heating and buildup of the hot channel. In this process, the forming hot channel was rapidly enlarged at its spatial size and slipped its feet to two remote positions. Afterward, it instantly erupted outwards with an exponential acceleration, leaving two core dimmings near its feet. We suggest that preflare reconnection at the HFT played a crucial role in enlarging the seed MFR and facilitating the onset of its final solar eruption. Moreover, a recently predicted drifting of MFR’s footpoints was detected at both core dimmings. In particular, we find that MFR’s west footpoint drift was induced by a new reconnection geometry among the erupting MFR’s leg and thereby inclined arcades. As MFR’s west footpoints gradually drifted to a new position, a set of newborn atypical flare loops connected into the west core dimming, causing a rapid decrease of dimmed area inside this core dimming and also generating a secondary flare ribbon at their remote feet. This reveals that core dimmings may suffer a pronounced diminishment due to the eruptive MFR’s footpoint drift, implying that mapping the real footpoints of the erupting MFR down to the Sun’s surface is more difficult than previously thought.
Compressible and Incompressible Magnetic Turbulence Observed in the Very Local Interstellar Medium by Voyager 1
Authors: Zank G. P. , Nakanotani M. , Webb G. M.
Published: December 2019

Voyager 1 observed Kolmogorov-like (k
−5/3) compressible turbulence just upwind of the heliopause. Subsequent measurements by Voyager 1 further from the heliopause revealed that the observed fluctuations were now fully incompressible, with a k
−5/3 spectrum that was essentially identical to that of the earlier compressible spectrum. Zank et al. showed that only compressible fast magnetosonic modes could be transmitted from the inner heliosheath into the very local interstellar medium (VLISM), and could exhibit a k
−5/3 spectrum. We show here that the small plasma beta VLISM admits three-wave interactions between a fast magnetosonic mode, a zero-frequency mode, and an Alfvén wave. The fast magnetosonic mode is converted to an incompressible Alfvén (or zero-frequency) mode with wavenumber almost identical to that of the initial compressible fast mode. The initial compressible and generated incompressible spectra are essentially identical. For the wavelength range observed by Voyager 1, we estimate that compressible fast modes are fully mode-converted to incompressible fluctuations within ∼10 au of the heliopause. We suggest that the VLISM magnetic field spectrum is a superposition of a higher amplitude ∼k
−5/3 spectrum of heliospheric origin with an estimated correlation length ∼30 au, having a minimum wavenumber ∼(100)−1 (au)−1, and a lower amplitude (possibly local) ISM k
−5/3 spectrum, the latter possessing an outer scale ≥2 pc. We suggest that the transmission of compressible turbulence from an inner asterosheath into the local circumstellar interstellar medium surrounding a star, and the subsequent mode conversion to incompressible turbulence, may be a general mechanism by which stars drive turbulence in the interstellar medium.
Spectroscopy of the Young Stellar Association Price-Whelan 1: Origin in the Magellanic Leading Arm and Constraints on the Milky Way Hot Halo
Authors: Nidever David L. , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Choi Yumi , Beaton Rachael L. , Hansen Terese T. , Boubert Douglas , Aguado David , Ezzeddine Rana , Oh Semyeong , Evans N. Wyn
Published: December 2019

We report spectroscopic measurements of stars in the recently discovered young stellar association Price-Whelan 1 (PW 1), which was found in the vicinity of the Leading Arm (LA) of the Magellanic Stream (MS). We obtained Magellan+MIKE high-resolution spectra of the 28 brightest stars in PW 1  and used The Cannon to determine their stellar parameters. We find that the mean metallicity of PW 1  is [Fe/H] = −1.23 with a small scatter of 0.06 dex and the mean RV is

  = 276.7 

with a dispersion of

. Our results are consistent in

,

, and [Fe/H] with the young and metal-poor characteristics (116 Myr and [Fe/H] = −1.1) determined for PW 1  from our discovery paper. We find a strong correlation between the spatial pattern of the PW 1  stars and the LA II  gas with an offset of −10.°15 in

  and +1.°55 in

. The similarity in metallicity, velocity, and spatial patterns indicates that PW 1  likely originated in LA II. We find that the spatial and kinematic separation between LA II  and PW 1  can be explained by ram pressure from Milky Way (MW) gas. Using orbit integrations that account for the LMC and MW halo and outer disk gas, we constrain the halo gas density at the orbital pericenter of PW 1  to be

and the disk gas density at the midplane at

to be

. We, therefore, conclude that PW 1  formed from the LA II  of the MS, making it a powerful constraint on the MW–Magellanic interaction.
Influence of Density Dependence of Symmetry Energy in Hot and Dense Matter for Supernova Simulations
Authors: Sumiyoshi Kohsuke , Nakazato Ken’ichiro , Suzuki Hideyuki , Hu Jinniu , Shen Hong
Published: December 2019

We study the influence of density-dependent symmetry energy at high densities in simulations of core-collapse supernovae, black hole formation, and proto–neutron star cooling by extending the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory used for the Shen equation-of-state (EOS) table. We adopt the extended RMF theory to examine the density dependence of the symmetry energy with a small value of the slope parameter L, while the original properties of the symmetric nuclear matter are unchanged. In order to assess matter effects at high densities, we perform numerical simulations of gravitational collapse of massive stars adopting the EOS table at high densities beyond 1014 g cm−3 with the small L value, which is in accord with the experimental and observational constraints, and compare them with the results obtained by using the Shen EOS. Numerical results for 11.2 and 15 M
⊙ stars exhibit minor effects around the core bounce and in the following evolution for 200 ms. Numerical results for 40 and 50 M
⊙ stars reveal a shorter duration toward the black hole formation with a smaller maximum mass for the small-L case. Numerical simulations of proto–neutron star cooling over 10 s through neutrino emissions demonstrate increasing effects of the symmetry energy at high densities. Neutrino cooling drastically proceeds in a relatively long timescale with high luminosities and average energies with the small symmetry energy. Evolution toward the cold neutron star is affected because of the different behavior of neutron-rich matter, while supernova dynamics around core bounce remains similar in less neutron-rich environments.
Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays from Helium to Nickel in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Shen Z.-N. , Qin G. , Zuo Pingbing , Wei Fengsi
Published: December 2019

Galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) helium and heavier ions are important sources of space radiation, and their elemental spectra and composition can help us better understand the transport in both the galaxy and the heliosphere. A model based on the numerical solution of Parker’s transport equation is used to study the modulation of GCR helium and heavier ions in the inner heliosphere. The model incorporates a modified Parker heliospheric magnetic field, time-dependent diffusion and drift model, time-delayed heliosphere, and randomly determined solar magnetic polarity during solar maximum. We set the outer boundary of modulation at 85 au, and the reference unmodulated GCR energy spectra for GCR helium and heavier ions, which are assumed to have a general form, are determined by fitting the numerical results to the selected GCR measurements, e.g., BESS, ACE/CRIS, HEAO-3-C2, etc. In addition, we use the Sun’s polar magnetic field data from NSO/NISP to determine the possibility of A > 0 during the recent solar maximum, and it gives an improved numerical result during the period 2013–2015. Finally, the fitted unmodulated GCR energy spectra are used to study the long-term modulation of GCRs of helium and heavier ions, and the computed results show good agreement with various GCR measurements.
Evaluating the Classification of Fermi BCUs from the 4FGL Catalog Using Machine Learning
Authors: Kang 康 Shi-Ju 世举 , Li Enze , Ou Wujing , Zhu Kerui , Fan Jun-Hui , Wu Qingwen , Yin Yue
Published: December 2019

The recently published fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope source catalog (4FGL) reports 5065 gamma-ray sources in terms of direct observational gamma-ray properties. Among the sources, the largest population is the active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which consists of 3137 blazars, 42 radio galaxies, and 28 other AGNs. The blazar sample comprises 694 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), 1131 BL Lac- type objects (BL Lacs), and 1312 blazar candidates of an unknown type (BCUs). The classification of blazars is difficult using optical spectroscopy given the limited knowledge with respect to their intrinsic properties, and the limited availability of astronomical observations. To overcome these challenges, machine-learning algorithms are being investigated as alternative approaches. Using the 4FGL catalog, a sample of 3137 Fermi blazars with 23 parameters is systematically selected. Three established supervised machine-learning algorithms (random forests (RFs), support vector machines (SVMs), artificial neural networks (ANNs)) are employed to general predictive models to classify the BCUs. We analyze the results for all of the different combinations of parameters. Interestingly, a previously reported trend the use of more parameters leading to higher accuracy is not found. Considering the least number of parameters used, combinations of eight, 12 or 10 parameters in the SVM, ANN, or RF generated models achieve the highest accuracy (Accuracy ≃91.8%, or ≃92.9%). Using the combined classification results from the optimal combinations of parameters, 724 BL Lac type candidates and 332 FSRQ type candidates are predicted; however, 256  remain without a clear prediction.
Active Galactic Nuclei with Ultrafast Outflows Monitoring Project: The Broad-line Region of Mrk 79 as a Disk Wind
Authors: Lu Kai-Xing , Bai Jin-Ming , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Du Pu , Hu Chen , Kim Minjin , Wang Jian-Min , Ho Luis C. , Li Yan-Rong , Bian Wei-Hao , Yuan Ye-Fei , Xiao Ming , Feng Hai-Cheng , Wang Jian-Guo , Xu Liang , Ding Xu , Yu Xiao-Guang , Xin Yu-Xin , Ye Kai , Wang Chuan-Jun , Lun Bao-Li , Zhang Ju-Jia , Zhang Xi-Liang , Ji Kai-Fan , Fan Yu-Feng , Chang Liang
Published: December 2019

We developed a spectroscopic monitoring project to investigate the kinematics of the broad-line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with ultrafast outflows (UFOs). Mrk 79 is a radio-quiet AGN with UFOs and warm absorbers and has been monitored by three reverberation mapping (RM) campaigns, but its BLR kinematics are not yet understood. In this paper, we report the results from a new RM campaign of Mrk 79, which was undertaken with the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope. Mrk 79 appears to come out the faint state, with the mean flux approximately a magnitude fainter than the historical record. We successfully measured the lags of the broad emission lines including Hβ λ4861, Hγ λ4340, He ii λ4686, and He i λ5876 with respect to the varying AGN continuum. Based on the broad Hβ λ4861 line, we measured a black hole mass of

M

•

=

5.13

−
1.55

+
1.57

×

10

7

M

⊙

, and an estimated accretion rate of

M

̇

•

=
(
0.05
±
0.02
)

L

Edd

c

−
2

, indicating that Mrk 79 is a sub-Eddington accretor. We found that Mrk 79 deviates from the canonical Radius−Luminosity relationship. The marginal blueshift of the broad He ii λ4686 line detected from the rms spectrum indicates outflow of high-ionization gas. The velocity-resolved lag profiles of the broad Hγ λ4340, Hβ λ4861, and He i λ5876 lines show similar signatures such that the largest lag occurs in the red wing of the lines and then the lag decreases to both sides. These signatures may suggest that the BLR of Keplerian motion probably exists as outflow gas motion. All findings including UFOs, warm absorbers, and the kinematics of high- and low-ionization BLR, may provide indirect evidence that the BLR of Mrk 79 probably originates from a disk wind.
Metabarcoding data allow for reliable biomass estimates in the most abundant animals on earth
Authors: Schenk Janina , Geisen Stefan , Kleinboelting Nils , Traunspurger Walter
Published: December 2019

Microscopic organisms are the dominant and most diverse organisms on Earth. Nematodes, as part of this microscopic diversity, are by far the most abundant animals and their diversity is equally high. Molecular metabarcoding is often applied to study the diversity of microorganisms, but has yet to become the standard to determine nematode communities. As such, the information metabarcoding provides, such as in terms of species coverage, taxonomic resolution and especially if sequence reads can be linked to the abundance or biomass of nematodes in a sample, has yet to be determined. Here, we applied metabarcoding using three primer sets located within ribosomal rRNA gene regions to target assembled mock-communities consisting of 18 different nematode species that we established in 9 different compositions. We determined abundances and biomass of all species added to examine if relative sequence abundance or biomass can be linked to relative sequence reads. We found that nematode communities are not equally represented by the three different primer sets and we found that relative read abundances almost perfectly correlated positively with relative species biomass for two of the primer sets. This strong biomass-read number correlation suggests that metabarcoding reads can reveal biomass information even amongst more complex nematode communities as present in the environment and possibly can be transferred to better study other groups of organisms. This biomass-read link is of particular importance for more reliably assessing nutrient flow through food-webs, as well as adjusting biogeochemical models through user-friendly and easily obtainable metabarcoding data.