bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brief problem-solving therapy for antenatal depressive symptoms in primary care in rural Ethiopia: protocol for a randomised, controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Bitew Tesera , Keynejad Roxanne , Myers Bronwyn , Honikman Simone , Medhin Girmay , Girma Fikirte , Howard Louise , Sorsdahl Katherine , Hanlon Charlotte
Published: January 2021

Background

Despite a high prevalence of antenatal depression in low- and middle-income countries, there is very little evidence for contextually adapted psychological interventions delivered in rural African settings. The aims of this study are (1) to examine the feasibility of procedures for a future fully powered efficacy trial of contextually adapted brief problem solving therapy (PST) for antenatal depression in rural Ethiopia, and (2) to investigate the acceptability, fidelity and feasibility of delivery of PST in routine antenatal care.

Methods

Design: A randomised, controlled, feasibility trial and mixed method process evaluation. Participants: Consecutive women attending antenatal clinics in two primary care facilities in rural Ethiopian districts. Eligibility criteria: (1) disabling levels of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score of five or more and positive for the 10th disability item); (2) gestational age 12–34 weeks; (3) aged 16 years and above; (4) planning to live in the study area for at least 6 months; (5) no severe medical or psychiatric conditions. Intervention: Four sessions of adapted PST delivered by trained and supervised antenatal care staff over a maximum period of eight weeks. Control: enhanced usual care (EUC). Sample size: n = 50. Randomisation: individual randomisation stratified by intimate partner violence (IPV). Allocation: central phone allocation. Outcome assessors and statistician masked to allocation status. Primary feasibility trial outcome: dropout rate. Primary future efficacy trial outcome: change in PHQ-9 score, assessed 9 weeks after recruitment. Secondary outcomes: anxiety symptoms, trauma symptoms, intimate partner violence, disability, healthcare costs at 9 weeks; postnatal outcomes (perinatal and neonatal complications, onset of breast feeding, child health) assessed 4–6 weeks postnatal. Other trial feasibility indicators: recruitment, number and duration of sessions attended. Audio-recording of randomly selected sessions and in-depth interviews with purposively selected participants, healthcare providers and supervisors will be analysed thematically to explore the acceptability and feasibility of the trial procedures and fidelity of the delivery of PST.

Discussion

The findings of the study will be used to inform the design of a fully powered efficacy trial of brief PST for antenatal depression in routine care in rural Ethiopia.

Trial registration

The protocol was registered in the Pan-African clinical trials registry, (PACTR): registration number: PACTR202008712234907 on 18/08/2020; URL: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9578.
Computerized cognitive training in post-treatment hematological cancer survivors: a feasibility study
Authors: Mayo Samantha J. , Rourke Sean B. , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Vitorino Rita , Chen Christine , Kuruvilla John
Published: January 2021

Background

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) programs have shown some effectiveness in alleviating cognitive symptoms in long-term cancer survivors. For patients presenting with cognitive symptoms in the early post-treatment phase, the benefit of CCT is unclear. To assess the possibility of testing the effectiveness of CCT in the early post-treatment period, our aim was to investigate the feasibility of an 8-week home-based, online CCT intervention among patients who have recently completed treatment for hematological malignancy.

Methods

This study was a single-arm, non-blinded, feasibility study. All participants were provided with the CCT intervention for an 8-week period. Feasibility was evaluated based on participant adherence and patient perceptions of the intervention, assessed through responses to an acceptability questionnaire and semi-structured interviews at the end of the intervention period.

Results

The feasibility study included 19 patients who had completed treatment for hematological malignancy at a Canadian tertiary cancer center. Adherence to the CCT intervention was limited, with only one participant meeting the criteria for intervention adherence. At the end of the intervention period, participants characterized the program as easy to follow (92%) and felt well-prepared for how to complete the exercises (100%). In semi-structured interviews, participants highlighted post-treatment barriers to intervention adherence that included symptom burden and competing time demands. Participants also suggested improvements to the intervention that could help maintain adherence despite these barriers, such as fostering a sense of accountability, providing personalized feedback and coaching, and enabling opportunities for peer support.

Conclusions

Participation in CCT can be challenging in the post-treatment period for hematological cancers. Further research on the effectiveness of CCT in this setting may require the implementation of strategies that support participants’ engagement with the intervention in the context of symptoms and competing demands, such as establishing a minimum dose requirement and integrating approaches to help promote and sustain motivation.
Patient-reported symptoms during dialysis: the effect of pre-dialysis extracellular water and change in extracellular water post-dialysis
Authors: Yoowannakul Suree , Vongsanim Surachet , Tangvoraphonkchai Kamonwan , Mohamed Ahmed , Davenport Andrew
Published: January 2021

Background

Quality of life for haemodialysis (HD) patients may be affected by symptoms during dialysis treatments, and patient groups have highlighted the need to improve post-dialysis fatigue and dialysis-related symptoms. As changes in extracellular water (ECW) may lead to cramps and other symptoms, we wished to determine whether there was an association between ECW and intra-dialytic symptoms.

Methods

We reviewed the hospital records of HD patients who completed a self-reported intra-dialytic symptom questionnaire, using a visual analogue scale, who had contemporaneous pre- and postdialysis bioimpedance ECW measurements adjusted to height (aECW).

Results

We studied dialysis sessions of 506 patients, 314 (62.1%) male, 226 (44.7%) diabetic, mean age 64.6 ± 15.7 years, weight 69.9 ± 17.4 kg, and duration of dialysis treatment 26 (9.6–60.1) months. We divided patients into three groups according to pre-dialysis aECW, and total dialysis symptom scores were greater for those in the lower tertile (25 (10–41) vs middle 18 (8.5–34) vs upper 20 (7–31), p < 0.05). Only feeling cold, dizziness, and low blood pressure were statistically different between the three pre-dialysis aECW groups, and there was no difference in post-dialysis recovery times.

We analysed the effect of the fall in aECW pre-to post-dialysis. Patients in the group with the greatest fall in aECW did not report more intra-dialytic symptoms or longer recovery times.

Conclusion

We found that patients starting dialysis with lower relative ECW were more likely to report intra-dialytic symptoms than those with greater amounts of fluid to remove, and most commonly reported symptoms were associated with intra-vascular volume depletion.
Understanding students’ behavior in online social networks: a systematic literature review
Authors: Masrom Maslin Binti , Busalim Abdelsalam H. , Abuhassna Hassan , Mahmood Nik Hasnaa Nik
Published: January 2021

The use of online social networks (OSNs) has increasingly attracted attention from scholars’ in different disciplines. Recently, student behaviors in online social networks have been extensively examined. However, limited efforts have been made to evaluate and systematically review the current research status to provide insights into previous study findings. Accordingly, this study conducted a systematic literature review on student behavior and OSNs to explicate to what extent students behave on these platforms. This study reviewed 104 studies to discuss the research focus and examine trends along with the important theories and research methods utilized. Moreover, the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model was utilized to classify the factors that influence student behavior. This study’s results demonstrate that the number of studies that address student behaviors on OSNs have recently increased. Moreover, the identified studies focused on five research streams, including academic purpose, cyber victimization, addiction, personality issues, and knowledge sharing behaviors. Most of these studies focused on the use and effect of OSNs on student academic performance. Most importantly, the proposed study framework provides a theoretical basis for further research in this context.
Visual analysis of flow and diffusion of hemolytic agents and hematomas
Authors: Zhu Yafei , Bao Mengyao , Jiang Miaomiao , Chang Jincai , Cui Jianzhong
Published: January 2021

The elimination of intracranial hematomas has received widespread attention and the interactions between hemolytic agents and hematomas have become a hot research topic. In this study, we used the Navier-Stokes equation to describe the flow control equation for hemolytic agents in a tube and used Fick’s law and the Maxwell-Stefan diffusion theory to describe the diffusion and mass transfer of hemolytic agents and hematomas. The physical fields and initial boundary conditions were set according to the parametric properties of the fluid and drainage tube. The COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the streamline distribution of hemolytic agents in a bifurcated drainage tube. Additionally, the diffusion behaviors of the hemolytic agents into hematomas were simulated and visual analysis of coupled multiphysics was performed to realize the digitization and visualization of engineering fluid problems and contribute to the field of medical engineering.
Delayed surgical repair of truncus arteriosus with interrupted aortic arch following bilateral banding of branch pulmonary arteries: a case report
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Haranal Maruti , Soo Wai Kok , Sivalingam Sivakumar
Published: January 2021

Background

Banding of the bilateral branch pulmonary arteries (PA) has evolved as a palliative method to limit the pulmonary blood flow in various complex congenital heart diseases. Although beneficial in small patients and in those with multiple co-morbidities, the duration of pulmonary artery banding along with growth and status of branch pulmonary arteries following de-banding are of concern in these patients.

Case presentation

We present a case of truncus arteriosus with interrupted aortic arch in whom bilateral PA banding was done in neonatal life. The corrective surgery was delayed by 13 months due to multiple infections and underlying co-morbid conditions. Although the surgery was delayed, the branch pulmonary arteries were of adequate size following the debanding procedure.

Conclusion

Branch PA augmentation may not always be necessary even in delayed corrective surgery following bilateral PA banding.
Characteristics of pre-metastatic niche: the landscape of molecular and cellular pathways
Authors: Wang Hao , Pan Junjie , Barsky Livnat , Jacob Jule Caroline , Zheng Yan , Gao Chao , Wang Shun , Zhu Wenwei , Sun Haoting , Lu Lu , Jia Huliang , Zhao Yue , Bruns Christiane , Vago Razi , Dong Qiongzhu , Qin Lunxiu
Published: January 2021

Metastasis is a major contributor to cancer-associated deaths. It involves complex interactions between primary tumorigenic sites and future metastatic sites. Accumulation studies have revealed that tumour metastasis is not a disorderly spontaneous incident but the climax of a series of sequential and dynamic events including the development of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN) suitable for a subpopulation of tumour cells to colonize and develop into metastases. A deep understanding of the formation, characteristics and function of the PMN is required for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat tumour patients. It is rapidly becoming evident that therapies targeting PMN may be successful in averting tumour metastasis at an early stage. This review highlights the key components and main characteristics of the PMN and describes potential therapeutic strategies, providing a promising foundation for future studies.
Pembrolizumab Plus Ipilimumab or Placebo for Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With PD-L1 Tumor Proportion Score ≥ 50%: Randomized, Double-Blind Phase III KEYNOTE-598 Study
Authors: Boyer Michael , Şendur Mehmet A. N. , Rodríguez-Abreu Delvys , Park Keunchil , Lee Dae Ho , Çiçin Irfan , Yumuk Perran Fulden , Orlandi Francisco J. , Leal Ticiana A. , Molinier Olivier , Soparattanapaisarn Nopadol , Langleben Adrian , Califano Raffaele , Medgyasszay Balazs , Hsia Te-Chun , Otterson Gregory A. , Xu Lu , Piperdi Bilal , Samkari Ayman , Reck Martin ,   for the KEYNOTE-598 Investigators
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE

Pembrolizumab monotherapy is standard first-line therapy for metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50% without actionable driver mutations. It is not known whether adding ipilimumab to pembrolizumab improves efficacy over pembrolizumab alone in this population.

METHODS

In the randomized, double-blind, phase III KEYNOTE-598 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03302234 ), eligible patients with previously untreated metastatic NSCLC with PD-L1 TPS ≥ 50% and no sensitizing EGFR or ALK aberrations were randomly allocated 1:1 to ipilimumab 1 mg/kg or placebo every 6 weeks for up to 18 doses; all participants received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks for up to 35 doses. Primary end points were overall survival and progression-free survival.

RESULTS

Of the 568 participants, 284 were randomly allocated to each group. Median overall survival was 21.4 months for pembrolizumab-ipilimumab versus 21.9 months for pembrolizumab-placebo (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.37; P = .74). Median progression-free survival was 8.2 months for pembrolizumab-ipilimumab versus 8.4 months for pembrolizumab-placebo (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.30; P = .72). Grade 3-5 adverse events occurred in 62.4% of pembrolizumab-ipilimumab recipients versus 50.2% of pembrolizumab-placebo recipients and led to death in 13.1% versus 7.5%. The external data and safety monitoring committee recommended that the study be stopped for futility and that participants discontinue ipilimumab and placebo.

CONCLUSION

Adding ipilimumab to pembrolizumab does not improve efficacy and is associated with greater toxicity than pembrolizumab monotherapy as first-line treatment for metastatic NSCLC with PD-L1 TPS ≥ 50% and no targetable EGFR or ALK aberrations. These data do not support use of pembrolizumab-ipilimumab in place of pembrolizumab monotherapy in this population.
A Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Unrelated to Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Rottenkolber Marietta , Gar Christina , Then Cornelia , Wanger Lorena , Sacco Vanessa , Banning Friederike , Potzel Anne L , Kern-Matschilles Stefanie , Nevinny-Stickel-Hinzpeter Claudia , Grallert Harald , Hesse Nina , Seissler Jochen , Lechner Andreas
Published: January 2021

Objective

Clinically, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is heterogeneous, but the prevailing pathophysiologic hypothesis nevertheless contends that components of metabolic syndrome are central to all cases of T2DM. Here, we re-evaluated this hypothesis.

Research Design and Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 138 women from the monocenter, post gestational diabetes study PPSDiab, 73 of which had incident prediabetes or T2DM. Additionally, we examined all the 412 incident cases of T2DM in phases 3 to 9 of the Whitehall II study in comparison to healthy controls. Our analysis included a medical history, anthropometrics, oral glucose tolerance testing, and laboratory chemistry in both studies. Additional analyses from the PPSDiab Study consisted of cardiopulmonary exercise testing, magnetic resonance imaging, auto-antibody testing, and the exclusion of glucokinase maturity-onset diabetes of the young.

Results

We found that 33 (45%) of the women with prediabetes or T2DM in the PPSDiab study displayed no components of metabolic syndrome. They reached no point for metabolic syndrome in the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III score other than hyperglycemia and, moreover, had levels of liver fat content, plasma triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, c-reactive protein, and blood pressure that were comparable to healthy controls. In the Whitehall II study, 62 (15%) of the incident T2DM cases fulfilled the same criteria. In both studies, these cases without metabolic syndrome revealed insulin resistance and inadequately low insulin secretion.

Conclusions

Our results contradict the hypothesis that components of metabolic syndrome are central to all cases of T2DM. Instead, they suggest the common occurrence of a second, unrelated pathophysiology.
Publish or Perish: Five Steps to Navigating a Less Painful Peer Review
Authors: Lange Carol A , Hammes Stephen R
Published: January 2021

This Perspective presents comments intended for junior researchers by Carol A. Lange, Editor-in-Chief, Endocrinology, and Stephen R. Hammes, former Editor-in-Chief, Molecular Endocrinology, and former co-Editor-in-Chief, Endocrinology.

Principal points

1. Know when you are ready and identify your target audience.

2. Select an appropriate journal.

3. Craft your title and abstract to capture your key words and deliver your message.

4. Tell a clear and impactful story.

5. Review, polish, and perfect your manuscript.
Disorders of the Cauda Equina
Authors: LoRusso Samantha
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Cauda equina dysfunction (often referred to as cauda equina syndrome) is caused by a diverse group of disorders that affect the lumbosacral nerve roots. It is important to recognize dysfunction of the cauda equina quickly to minimize diagnostic delay and lasting neurologic symptoms. This article describes cauda equina anatomy and the clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management of cauda equina disorders.

RECENT FINDINGS

The diagnosis of disorders of the cauda equina continues to be a challenge. If a compressive etiology is seen, urgent neurosurgical intervention is recommended. However, many people with clinical features of cauda equina dysfunction will have negative diagnostic studies. If the MRI is negative, it is important to understand the diagnostic evaluation and differential diagnosis so that less common etiologies are not missed.

Cauda equina dysfunction most often occurs due to lumbosacral disk herniation. Nondiskogenic causes include vascular, infectious, inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic etiologies. Urgent evaluation and surgical intervention are recommended in most cases of compressive cauda equina syndrome. Other types of treatment may also be indicated depending on the etiology.
Neoplastic Myelopathies
Authors: Pruitt Amy A.
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article reviews the current classification system of primary spinal cord tumors and explores evolving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for both primary tumors and metastatic tumors to various compartments of the spinal cord.

RECENT FINDINGS

The 2016 World Health Organization classification system allows for more precise prognostication of and therapy for spinal cord tumors and has identified new entities, such as the diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M mutant. Whole-exome sequencing reveals that the genetic background of primary glial spinal cord neoplasms differs from that of their intracranial histologic counterparts in ways that can potentially influence therapy. Targeted and immune checkpoint therapies have improved survival for patients with melanoma and lung cancer and have simultaneously produced novel complications by enhancing radiation toxicity in some cases and by facilitating the emergence of novel autoimmune and paraneoplastic syndromes involving the spinal cord, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and syndromes associated with anti-Hu and collapsin response mediator protein-5 (CRMP-5) antibodies. These conditions must be distinguished from tumor or infection. Epidural spinal cord compression treatment paradigms have changed with the advent of robotic surgery and advances in radiation therapy.

Neoplastic myelopathies subsume a wide spectrum of pathologies. Neoplastic cord involvement may be primary or secondary and may be approached diagnostically by the particular spinal cord compartment localization. Primary spinal cord tumors account for only 2% to 4% of primary central nervous system tumors, ranging from low-grade glial neoplasms to malignant tumors. Metastatic malignancy to the epidural or leptomeningeal spaces is more common than primary cord tumors. Differential diagnoses arising in the course of evaluation for cord tumors include myelopathies related to radiation or chemotherapy and paraneoplastic syndromes, all of which are sources of significant morbidity. Knowledge of genetic syndromes and the biologic behavior of diverse histologies together with selective application of surgery, radiation, and targeted therapies can facilitate diagnosis, minimize surgical morbidity, and prolong quality of life.
Spondylotic and Other Structural Myelopathies
Authors: Bhattacharyya Shamik
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article highlights both common structural causes of myelopathy, such as spondylotic disease, and infrequent but treatable causes, such as syringomyelia, spinal cord herniation, arachnoid cyst, arachnoid band and web, epidural lipomatosis, Hirayama disease, and arachnoiditis.

RECENT FINDINGS

Neuroimaging improvements and availability have uncovered many structural abnormalities in the spines and spinal cords of patients who were asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. Recent published clinical series have improved our knowledge of the natural history of structural abnormalities and the risks of intervention versus conservative management.

Myelopathy from a suspected structural cause is a common reason for neurologic consultation. Correlation between the history, examination, and imaging are especially important to determine whether intervention is necessary or conservative management is the best option.
Interpreting Diffuse Reflectance and Transmittance: A Theoretical Introduction to Absorption Spectroscopy of Scattering Materials
Authors: Dahm Donald , Dahm Kevin
Published: January 2021

A jar of sweets may not appear to be a serious introduction to the attempt to progress the understanding of the challenging nature of what is usually termed "diffuse reflection". However, this book by the father and son team of Don and Kevin Dahm is the first such attempt since the famous book by Wendlandt and Hecht some forty year ago. The sweets are not only useful models, they also indicate the desire of the authors to make this a readable and entertaining book as well as a very serious attempt to advance our theoretical understanding of this complex and confusing topic. The Dahms have been developing and advancing a new theory for the last few years. This book brings it together. It explains the nature of reflected radiation and then the problem of finding a mathematical description of it. In their quest, they have rediscovered and used mathematics that was invented by Sir George Strokes in the 1860s! Much of the current use of near infrared spectroscopy utilizes diffuse reflection or transmission. According to Karl Norris "The development of NIR analysis is being restricted by our lack of a theoretical understanding of diffuse reflection" and he should know!
High or very high recidivism risk? The possibilities of recidivism risk assessment under the Polish SVP law (the Act of 22 November 2013)
Authors: Szumski Filip , Kasparek Krzysztof , Gierowski Józef
Published: January 2021

W artykule przedstawiono analizę możliwości wykonania oceny ryzyka recydywy w warunkach określonych przez Ustawę z dnia 22 listopada 2013 r. o postępowaniu wobec osób z zaburzeniami psychicznymi stwarzających zagrożenie życia, zdrowia lub wolności seksualnej innych osób. Wspomniana ustawa pozwala m.in. na izolację postpenitencjarną osób uznanych za stwarzające zagrożenie. Kluczowe znaczenie dla możliwości orzeczenia tego środka zabezpieczającego ma ocenienie ryzyka recydywy jako „bardzo wysokiego”.
W pierwszej części autorzy prezentują podstawowe informacje nt. procedury oceny ryzyka recydywy: rodzaje czynników ryzyka i rodzaje podejść do procesu oceny ryzyka recydywy. Następnie, omówiono trzy główne ograniczenia związane ze wspomnianą oceną w świetle obowiązującej ustawy. Są to: (1) problem zakresu kategorii zdarzeń objętych prognozowaniem, (2) problem różnicowania pomiędzy górnymi podkategoriami ryzyka recydywy oraz (3) problem braku pełnych polskich adaptacji narzędzi do oceny ryzyka recydywy.
Konsekwencją tych ograniczeń jest nie brak możliwości oceny ryzyka na potrzeby Ustawy, a jego mniejsza precyzja. Problem braku polskich adaptacji może być rozwiązany poprze walidację odpowiednich narzędzi, natomiast dwa pozostałe problemy wynikają wprost z rozwiązań zawartych w ustawie i przy aktualnym jej brzmieniu nie mogą być rozwiązane. Główną konkluzją płynącą z przedstawionej pracy jest zatem konieczność brania pod uwagę omówionych ograniczeń przez biegłych, uczestników postępowania i organy procesowe. Ocena ryzyka na potrzeby Ustawy powinna być oparta na pomiarze wszystkich rodzajów czynników ryzyka, w tym przede wszystkim statycznych, następnie dynamicznych stabilnych.
A hormetic approach to understanding antidepressant effectiveness and the development of antidepressant tolerance – A conceptual view
Authors: Andrews Paul , Amsterdam Jay
Published: January 2021

Antidepressants such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have complex temporal effects. They may worsen symptoms during early treatment, they may reduce depressive symptoms over several weeks of treatment, and they may lose effectiveness over more prolonged treatment or after repeated treatment trials. Conceptually, these effects fall within the domain of hormesis, which refers to a biphasic or multiphasic response to a drug or toxin. Hormetic effects are commonly triggered when a drug interacts with homeostatic mechanisms. We develop and evaluate a theoretical framework for understanding how adaptations to SSRIs that restore synaptic homeostasis may partially contribute to their hormetic effects. Specifically, the serotonin system adapts to SSRIs by suppressing the firing of serotonergic neurons, inhibiting the synthesis of serotonin, and reducing the overall content of serotonin in the brain. Moreover, rodent models such as inescapable shock show that serotonin neurotransmission to specific forebrain regions is a necessary, but insufficient cause of depressive symptoms. Our review suggests: (1) early worsening of symptoms may be related to the direct effects of SSRIs on synaptic serotonin; (2) the symptom-reducing effects could be related to the loss of serotonin content in the brain during SSRI exposure; (3) the loss of efficacy over prolonged exposure could be related to the central nervous system equilibrating to the SSRIs. The serotonin system’s adaptations to SSRIs may play a clinically meaningful role in their hormetic effects on depressive symptoms. A complete understanding of SSRIs’ hormetic effects will require exploring temporal dynamics in other neurotransmitter systems.
Letter to Editor. Treatment of overweight and obesity during and after a pandemic. Let’s not wait for the development of complications – new guidelines for doctors
Authors: Olszanecka-Glinianowicz Magdalena , Dudek Dominika , Filipiak Krzysztof , Krzystanek Marek , Markuszewski Leszek , Ruchała Marek , Tomiak Elżbieta
Published: January 2021

bez streszczenia
General formal local cohomology modules
Authors:   Payame Noor University, Rezaei Sh.
Published: January 2021

Let (R,m) be a local ring, Φ a system of ideals of R and M a finitely generated R-module. In this paper, we define and study general formal local cohomology modules. We denote the ith general formal local cohomology module M with respect to Φ by FiΦ(M) and we investigate some finiteness and Artinianness properties of general formal local cohomology modules.
Energy of Smith graphs
Authors:   University of Rajasthan, Sharma P. , Naresh R. ,   Banasthali University, Sharma U. ,   Banasthali University
Published: January 2021

In this manuscript, we have evaluated the energies of Smith graphs. In the course of the investigation, we found that only one Smith graph is hypo-energetic. Moreover, we have also established the energy bounds for Smith graphs.
Geometrical equivalence and action type geometrical equivalence of group representations
Authors:   Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Simoes da Silva J. , Tsurkov A. ,   Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte
Published: January 2021

In this paper we construct an example of two representations (V1,G1) and (V2,G2) which are action type geometrically equivalent and groups G1 and G2 are geometrically equivalent, but the representations (V1,G1) and (V2,G2) are not geometrically equivalent.
Some remarks about minimal prime ideals of skew Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt extensions
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Niño A. , Reyes A. ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we characterize the minimal prime ideals of skew PBW extensions over several classes of rings. We unify different results established in the literature for Ore extensions, and extend all of them to a several families of noncommutative rings of polynomial type which cannot be expressed as these extensions.
On a product of two formational tcc-subgroups
Authors:   Gomel Francisk Skorina State University, Trofimuk A.
Published: January 2021

A subgroup A of a group G is called tcc-subgroup in G, if there is a subgroup T of G such that G=AT and for any X≤A and Y≤T there exists an element u∈⟨X,Y⟩ such that XYu≤G. The notation H≤G means that H is a subgroup of a group G. In this paper we consider a group G=AB such that A and B are tcc-subgroups in G. We prove that G belongs to F, when A and B belong to F and F is a saturated formation of soluble groups such that U⊆F. Here U is the formation of all supersoluble groups.
Normal form in Hecke-Kiselman monoids associated with simple oriented graphs
Authors:   University of L’Aquila, Aragona R. , D'Andrea A. ,   University of Rome
Published: January 2021

We generalize Kudryavtseva and Mazorchuk's concept of a canonical form of elements [9] in Kiselman's semigroups to the setting of a Hecke-Kiselman monoid HKΓ associated with a simple oriented graph Γ. We use confluence properties from [7] to associate with each element in HKΓ a normal form; normal forms are not unique, and we show that they can be obtained from each other by a sequence of elementary commutations. We finally describe a general procedure to recover a (unique) lexicographically minimal normal form.
Short Communication: The bioinformatics perspective of Foeniculum vulgare fruit's bioactive compounds as natural anti-hyperglycemic against alpha-glucosidase
Authors: Fatchur Rohman  , PUTRA WIRA EKA
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Rohman F, Putra WE. 2021. Short Communication: The bioinformatics perspective of Foeniculum vulgare fruit's bioactive compounds as natural anti-hyperglycemic against alpha-glucosidase. Biodiversitas 22: 79-84. The management in controlling the blood glucose level is crucially necessary to be promoted. Many reports showed the harmful effect of glucose toxicity, most of them are the cluster of metabolic disorder. Nowadays, natural products are getting much attention on health issues. The uses of medicinal plants for drug materials are dramatically increasing. In our previous study about local medicinal plants identification, we found that Tengger Tribe in Indonesia uses numerous type of species, including Foeniculum vulgare which was widely found and occupied as traditional medicine by Tengger Tribe in the area of Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru, East Java, Indonesia. According to their local belief, F. vulgare has been used to ameliorate several types of diseases. Thus, in this present study, we aimed to virtually evaluate the bioactive compounds of F. vulgare for anti-hyperglycemic against the alpha-glucosidase. We performed computational prediction of ligands-protein interaction by molecular docking approaches. The 2D structure of ligands and 3D structure of target protein were retrieved via the database. The natural compound's structure was then evaluated by the Lipinski rule of five to indicate whether it can be categorized as drug-like or not. Moreover, according to our simulation, F. vulgare fruit's bioactive compounds including sterol, anethole, and fenchone might have therapeutic effect to reduce the hyperglycemia incidence by inhibiting the alpha-glucosidase activity. Compared to miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, Sterol have the most significant binding affinity against the alpha-glucosidase. Therefore, these findings suggest that sterol, anethole, and fenchone might be potential new candidates for alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
Short Communication: Characterization and nutrient analysis of seed of local cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties from Southwest Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Karuwal Ritha , SUHARSONO SUHARSONO , TJAHJOLEKSONO A. , HANIF N.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Karuwal RL, Suharsono, Tjahjoleksono A, Hanif N. 2021. Short Communication: Characterization and nutrient analysis of seed of local cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties from Southwest Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 85-91. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a legume species that have many local varieties across regions in Indonesia, including in Southwest Maluku District. It has been utilized by the community as raw materials, but mainly for food sources of self-consumption. While there are rich local varieties of cowpea in Southwest Maluku, the data about its morphological characters and nutritional compositions are not available. The objectives of the research were to analyze morphological characters and nutritional compositions of local seven cowpea varieties from Southwest Maluku and classify these varieties according to such characters and compositions. Morphological characters observed consisted of shape, color, texture, eye pattern, eye color, size (length, width, thickness), and 100-grain weight. Nutritional composition consisted of proximate analysis tested using AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemist) method and folic acid content using HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) method. The results showed that the varieties have significant variation in morphological characters and nutrition composition. There are differences in shape, color, texture, eye pattern, and color. Seed size in terms of length, width and thickness have range values of 5-9 mm, 4-6 mm, 3-4 mm, respectively while seed weight ranges 11-19 g. Furthermore, nutrition composition is significantly affected by varieties. Moisture content ranges between 11-17%, ash content of 3.13-3.97%, fat content of 0.58-1.42%, protein of 15.5-20.76%, carbohydrate of 58.46-63.48% and folic acid content of 100.13-131.57 µg/mL. There is significant correlation between morphology characters and nutrition composition. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that local varieties can be classified into three clusters. Therefore, KM1, KM3, KM4 and KM7 varieties that have the highest size, weight, and nutrition composition can be selected in plant breeding.
The structure and composition of macrozoobenthos community in varying water qualities in Kalibaru Waters, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: LILISTI Lilisti , ZAMDIAL Zamdial , Hartono Dede , Brata Bieng , Simarmata Marulak
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Lilisti, Zamdial, Hartono D, Brata B, Simarmata M. 2021. The structure and composition of macrozoobenthos community in varying water qualities in Kalibaru Waters, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 106-112. Various human activities affect the quality of the aquatic ecosystem that can be assessed by measuring the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the waters and sediments. This is the case of Kalibaru Waters, Bengkulu, Indonesia which shows changes in the estuary and marine ecosystems due to the cut-off of the main river around the area for the development of roads and bridges. The objective of this study was to analyze the quality of the waters and substrate, and the structure of the macrozoobenthos community as a bioindicator at the Kalibaru Waters. A survey was carried out in four stations, which was purposively selected based on human activities around the waters. Data collected included the physical and chemical parameters, and the diversity and density of macrozoobenthos species. The density of macrozoobenthos species was analyzed for summed dominance ratio (SDR), diversity (H'), homogeneity (E), and dominance (D) indices. The results showed that the physical and chemical parameters of Kalibaru Waters were acceptable for aquatic life, however, the oil contents at two stations exceeded the ecological threshold. Analysis of the macrozoobenthos community as a bioindicator for water quality found that the diversity and homogeneity indices were at a medium level indicating an unstable community, while the dominant index remained low indicating that none of the species was dominant in the Kalibaru Waters. This information is needed as a reference for the government of Bengkulu Province to make appropriate policies and management decisions to maintain the quality of the aquatic ecosystem in Kalibaru Waters.
Genetic diversity and relationship of husk tomato (Physalis spp.) from East Java Province revealed by SSR markers
Authors: Sadiyah Halimatus , Ashari Sumeru , Waluyo Budi , Soegianto Andy
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Sadiyah H, Ashari S, Waluyo B, Soegianto A. 2021. Genetic diversity and relationship of husk tomato (Physalis spp.) from East Java Province revealed by SSR markers. Biodiversitas 22: 184-192. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and relationship of Physalis spp. from East Java province, Indonesia. A total of the 33 Physalis accessions was analyzed employing 16 SSR markers. AMOVA, UPGMA clustering, and non-parametric ANOVA analyses were applied. The results showed Genetic diversity in this sample showed lower levels (He =0.171), as compared to other studies of Physalis that used different molecular markers. The dendrogram revealed the presence of five groups, the different species belong to different small groups. The two major groups consist of accessions originated from eastern Java and Madura Island, indicating that there is no significant difference between accessions from both areas although there is geographic isolation in the form of the strait. It is consistent with the low population differentiation and high genetic drift. The AMOVA revealed that 96% of the total variation came from the within-population (among accession), reflect that the accessions used in this study have high variation and valuable for plant improvement through breeding programs. It is recommended that future evaluation studies include more accession from minor accessions detected in the sample of this study to better represent the genetic diversity available in this crop.
Species diversity and phenetic relationship among accessions of api-api (Avicennia spp.) in Java based on morphological characters and ISSR markers
Authors: Sabdanawaty Fennalia putri , PURNOMO Purnomo , Setyadi Daryono Budi
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Sabdanawaty FP, Purnomo, Daryono BS. 2021. Species diversity and phenetic relationship among accessions of api-api (Avicennia spp.) in Java based on morphological characters and ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 22: 193-198. Api-api (Avicennia spp.) from mangrove groups is rich in economic and ecological benefits. Research on the potential of api-api has been extensively done, but no research is specifically focused on the identification of api-api. This study aims to identify species diversity and phenetic relationships of api-api in Java based on morphological and molecular characters. The morphological analysis was based on 35 characters and referred to the descriptor. The PCA analysis on the morphological characters of Avicennia spp. showed a high diversity. Morphological characters have a high effect on grouping patterns such as habitat, leaf shape, leaf tip, leaf base, and petal color. Molecular observations were done on the polymorphism of DNA bands. The ISSR primers used were ISSR02, ISSR04, and ISSR10. PCR amplification of DNA was separated and visualized using a doc gel electrophoresis. The results showed a high diversity based on the percentage of DNA polymorphism. The research resulted in three species of Avicennia spp. in Java, namely Avicennia officinalis, A. alba, and A. marina. Phenetic relationships between Avicennia spp. form was based on similarity in character, not based on the area of origin. The environmental conditions in this study slightly opposed the character of Avicennia spp., which presumably due to the similarity in various marine areas of Java such as temperature, pH, and the required salinity.
Diversity of macro fungus across three altitudinal ranges in Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia and their utilization by local residents
Authors: YUSRAN YUSRAN , ERNIWATI ERNIWATI , WAHYUNI DEWI , RAMADHANIL RAMADHANIL , KHUMAIDI AKHMAD
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Yusran Y, Erniwati E, Wahyuni D, Ramadhanil R, Khumaidi A. 2021. Diversity of macro fungus across three altitudinal ranges in Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia and their utilization by local residents. Biodiversitas 22: 199-210. A large amount of biodiversity research has been carried out in Lore Lindu National Park, a major biodiversity center in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, but none have investigated the biodiversity of macrofungi and their traditional utilization. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the diversity of macro fungus in Lore Lindu National Park, and to identify their potential uses as food sources and medicinal uses by the local residents living around Lore Lindu National Park. Exploration of macrofungus species in Lore Lindu National Park was done at three locations representing three altitudinal ranges: (i) <500 m above sea level (asl); (ii) 500–1500 m asl; and >1500 m asl. Ten plots were placed in two major lines with a 100 m distance between plots in each sampling location. All macrofungi within the observation plots were then documented and identified. Ethnomycological studies were done by asking questionnaire to selective respondents, group discussion, and pictorial presentation studies to random respondents in five villages located in the buffer zone of the national park area. This study found 172 species (including unidentified species/sp.) from 33 families of macro fungus in Lore Lindu National Park in which 159 of them belong to the Basidiomycota division, while 13 of them were of the Ascomycota division. Our results also showed varying diversity of macrofungus at different altitudes. At the elevation of <500 m asl, as many 77 species were found, while 117 and 142 species were found at the elevation of 500-1500 and >1500 m asl, respectively. Marasmius spp and Hygrocybe spp were the most abundant genera, and nine species (i.e. Schizophyllum commune, Termytomyces sp, Auricularia auricular-judge, Auricularia sp., Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Xylaria sp., Agaricus sp. dan Lentinus sajor-caju) were utilized as a food source and in traditional medicine by the residents around the national park area.
Updating of Makiling Biodiversity Information System (MakiBIS) and Analysis of Biodiversity Data
Authors: MAGCALE-MACANDOG DAMASA , Lapitan Fermin Roberto , Laruya Jeoffrey , Valerio Jandrel Ian , AGUILA JANZEN CHRISTIAN D. , MESINA CLOUIE ANN L. , SANTOS TWINKLE MARIE F. , CUEVAS ANDREA NICOLE T. , BAYLON KIMBERLY D. , SILAPAN IANA MARIENE , DIMALIBOT RICAJAY , EDRIAL JENNIFER D. , LARIDA NETHANEL JIREH A. , NATUEL FATIMA A. , PEREZ MA. GRECHELLE LYN D. , QUINONES SARENA GRACE L.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Magcale-Macandog DB, Lapitan FRG, Laruya JM, Valerio JIF, Aguila JCD, Mesina CAL, Santos TMF, Cuevas ANT, Baylon KD, Silapan IM, Dimalobot R, Edrial JD, Larida NJA, Natuel FA, Perez MAGLD, Quinones SGL. 2021. Updating of Makiling Biodiversity Information System (MakiBIS) and Analysis of Biodiversity Data. Biodiversitas 22: 211-226. Mt. Makiling is a Philippine biodiversity hotspot listed as one of the 170 conservation priority areas established by the Philippine government. With the vast amount of ecological and biological information about the flora and fauna of Mt. Makiling, the Makiling Biodiversity Information System (MakiBIS) was developed to serve as a repository for these data. MakiBIS may serve as a prototype in the development of a national BIS that will be useful in addressing the need to set a national baseline, measurable targets, and indicators to facilitate the assessment of biodiversity status and as a basis for decision-making.The MakiBIS project started in 2011 and was last updated in 2014. In 2019, a new version of the information system was updated to take advantage of current web technologies in software development. The new MakiBIS’ (MakiBIS 2.0) frontend was written using ReactJS, while its backend functions were coded using NodeJS, and the database tables were compressed and optimized for faster queries. MakiBIS 2.0 was published online and can be accessed at www.makibis.com.The MakiBIS 2.0 database was populated with biodiversity information from published botanical and faunal survey studies conducted in Mt. Makiling. Biodiversity information includes taxonomic classification, botanical description, habitat, mode of reproduction, economic use, endemism, and conservation status. The MakiBIS database was analyzed for patterns, trends, distribution, and potential threats that will be useful towards the conservation and management of these biodiversity resources.
Dietary Bacillus NP5 supplement impacts on growth, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Putra Achmad Noerkhaerin , Mustahal Mustahal , Syamsunarno Mas Bayu , Hermawan Dodi , Fatimah Devia Gusnur , Putri Pramodita Balita , Sevia Sevia , Isnaeni Rina , Herjayanto Muhamad
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Putra AN, Mustahal, Syamsunarno MB, Hermawan D, Fatimah DG, Putri PB, Sevia, Isnaini R, Herjayanto M. 2021. Dietary Bacillus NP5 supplement impacts on growth, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Biodiversitas 22: 253-261. This study aims to investigate the effects of Bacillus NP5 supplementation as a probiotic on growth, immune response, and resistance of African catfish to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Catfish with an initial weight of 6.8 ± 0.1 g were fed with different doses of Bacillus NP5 (0%, 1.1%, 1.2% B, 1.3%, and 1.4%) with three replications and reared for 60 days. The first 45 days were used to observed growth performance, and the last 15 days were used to perform challenge tests against A. hydrophila infection. The results showed that the treatment of 1.2% Bacillus NP5 results in the highest specific growth rate (2.55±0.28 day-1) and increased protein and lipid digestibility significantly (P<0.05). Treatment of 1.1-1.3% Bacillus NP5 increase amylase and lipase activity that significantly higher than 0% Bacillus NP5 treatment. Supplementation of Bacillus NP5 significantly increased the leukocyte, phagocytic index, and survival rate in African catfish after A. hydrophila infection. Therefore, the supplementation of 1.2% Bacillus NP5 in the feed increased the growth, immune response, and African catfish resistance to the infection.