bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compositional optimizations for CertiCoq
Authors: Paraskevopoulou Zoe , Li John M. , Appel Andrew W.
Published: August 2021

Compositional compiler verification is a difficult problem that focuses on separate compilation of program components with possibly different verified compilers. Logical relations are widely used in proving correctness of program transformations in higher-order languages; however, they do not scale to compositional verification of multi-pass compilers due to their lack of transitivity. The only known technique to apply to compositional verification of multi-pass compilers for higher-order languages is parametric inter-language simulations (PILS), which is however significantly more complicated than traditional proof techniques for compiler correctness. In this paper, we present a novel verification framework for
lightweight compositional compiler correctness
. We demonstrate that by imposing the additional restriction that program components are compiled by pipelines that go through
the same sequence of intermediate representations
, logical relation proofs can be transitively composed in order to derive an end-to-end compositional specification for multi-pass compiler pipelines. Unlike traditional logical-relation frameworks, our framework supports divergence preservation—even when transformations reduce the number of program steps. We achieve this by parameterizing our logical relations with a pair of
relational invariants
.

We apply this technique to verify a multi-pass, optimizing middle-end pipeline for CertiCoq, a compiler from Gallina (Coq’s specification language) to C. The pipeline optimizes and closure-converts an untyped functional intermediate language (ANF or CPS) to a subset of that language without nested functions, which can be easily code-generated to low-level languages. Notably, our pipeline performs more complex closure-allocation optimizations than the state of the art in verified compilation. Using our novel verification framework, we prove an end-to-end theorem for our pipeline that covers both termination and divergence and applies to whole-program and separate compilation, even when different modules are compiled with different optimizations. Our results are mechanized in the Coq proof assistant.
Efficient tree-traversals: reconciling parallelism and dense data representations
Authors: Koparkar Chaitanya , Rainey Mike , Vollmer Michael , Kulkarni Milind , Newton Ryan R.
Published: August 2021

Recent work showed that compiling functional programs to use dense, serialized memory representations for recursive algebraic datatypes can yield significant constant-factor speedups for sequential programs. But serializing data in a maximally dense format consequently serializes the processing of that data, yielding a tension between density and parallelism. This paper shows that a disciplined, practical compromise is possible. We present Parallel Gibbon, a compiler that obtains the benefits of dense data formats and parallelism. We formalize the semantics of the parallel location calculus underpinning this novel implementation strategy, and show that it is type-safe. Parallel Gibbon exceeds the parallel performance of existing compilers for purely functional programs that use recursive algebraic datatypes, including, notably, abstract-syntax-tree traversals as in compilers.
Higher-order probabilistic adversarial computations: categorical semantics and program logics
Authors: Aguirre Alejandro , Barthe Gilles , Gaboardi Marco , Garg Deepak , Katsumata Shin-ya , Sato Tetsuya
Published: August 2021

Adversarial computations are a widely studied class of computations where resource-bounded probabilistic adversaries have access to oracles, i.e., probabilistic procedures with private state. These computations arise routinely in several domains, including security, privacy and machine learning.

In this paper, we develop program logics for reasoning about adversarial computations in a higher-order setting. Our logics are built on top of a simply typed λ-calculus extended with a graded monad for probabilities and state. The grading is used to model and restrict the memory footprint and the cost (in terms of oracle calls) of computations. Under this view, an adversary is a higher-order expression that expects as arguments the code of its oracles. We develop unary program logics for reasoning about error probabilities and expected values, and a relational logic for reasoning about coupling-based properties. All logics feature rules for adversarial computations, and yield guarantees that are valid for all adversaries that satisfy a fixed resource policy. We prove the soundness of the logics in the category of quasi-Borel spaces, using a general notion of graded predicate liftings, and we use logical relations over graded predicate liftings to establish the soundness of proof rules for adversaries. We illustrate the working of our logics with simple but illustrative examples.
Newly-single and loving it: improving higher-order must-alias analysis with heap fragments
Authors: Germane Kimball , McCarthy Jay
Published: August 2021

Theories of higher-order must-alias analysis, often under the guise of environment analysis, provide deep behavioral insight. But these theories---in particular those that are most insightful otherwise---can reason about recursion only in limited cases. This weakness is not inherent to the theories but to the frameworks in which they're defined: machine models which thread the heap through evaluation. Since these frameworks allocate each abstract resource in the heap, the constituent theories of environment analysis conflate co-live resources identified in the abstract, such as recursively-created bindings. We present heap fragments as a general technique to allow these theories to reason about recursion in a general and robust way. We instantiate abstract counting in a heap-fragment framework and compare its performance to a precursor entire-heap framework. We also sketch an approach to realizing binding invariants, a more powerful environment analysis, in the heap-fragment framework.
Dual-Tracer Positron-Emission Tomography Using Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen and Fluorodeoxyglucose for Staging of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: McGeorge Stephen , Kwok Michael , Jiang Andrew , Emmett Louise , Pattison David A. , Thomas Paul A. , Yaxley John W. , Roberts Matthew J.
Published: August 2021

PSMA PET is more accurate than conventional imaging (CT/bone scan) for staging of intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer (PCa), but 5–10% of primary tumours have low PSMA ligand uptake. FDG PET has been used to further define disease extent in end-stage castrate-resistant PCa and may be beneficial earlier in the disease course for more accurate staging. The objective of this study was to review the available evidence for patients undergoing both FDG and PSMA PET for PCa staging at initial diagnosis and in recurrent disease. A systematic literature review was performed for studies with direct, intraindividual comparison of PSMA and FDG PET for staging of PCa. Assessment for radioligand therapy eligibility was not considered. Risk of bias was assessed. 543 citations were screened and assessed. 13 case reports, three retrospective studies, and one prospective study were included. FDG after PSMA PET improved the detection of metastases from 65% to 73% in high-risk early castration-resistant PCa with negative conventional imaging (M0). Positive FDG PET was found in 17% of men with negative PSMA PET for postprostatectomy biochemical recurrence. Gleason score ≥8 and higher PSA levels predicted FDG-avid metastases in BCR and primary staging. Variant histology (ductal and neuroendocrine) was common in case reports, resulting in PSMA-negative FDG-positive imaging for 3 patients. Dual-tracer PET for PCa may assist in characterising high-risk disease during primary staging and restaging. Further studies are required to determine the additive benefit of FDG PET and if the FDG-positive phenotype may indicate a poorer prognosis.
Electronic Media Use and Sleep Disorders among Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Argiansya Fandi , Soedjadhi Rismarini , Indra Raden Muhammad , Kesuma Yudianita
Published: August 2021

Background. One of the negative impacts of electronic media use is the occurrence of sleep disturbances. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of electronic media in families, including in adolescents, has been increasing. Objective. This study was aimed at describing the association between electronic media use and sleep disturbances in adolescents in Palembang. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in January to February 2021. Participants were 14–17-year-old high school students who completed a questionnaire to assess electronic media use and a Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire to assess sleep disturbances. Results. One hundred and fifty-seven participants enrolled in this study. The majority of the participants were 16 years old or older (56.7%) and used smartphones (93%) with a median of media use of 10 hours a day. None of the participants’ characteristic variables showed statistically significant correlations. Similarly, none of the electronic media use variables showed statistically significant correlations. Conclusion. Most of adolescents in this study have used electronic media for more than 6 years, with median use of 10 hours per day, for noneducative purposes. Despite findings that most of them experience sleep disturbances, there was no statistically significant association between electronic media use and sleep disturbances in adolescents.
Recurrent Giant Malignant Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast
Authors: Kudela Erik , Kajo Karol , Kozubik Erik , Rokos Tomas , Pribulova Terezia , Danko Jan , Kudelova Eva , Homola Igor , Slavik Pavol , Macurova Barbora , Biringer Kamil
Published: August 2021

Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast. They have a proliferating stromal component that can be graded as benign, borderline, and malignant. In addition, they are associated with an increased risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis. The authors hereby present a case report of a 34-year-old woman with recurrent malignant PT with an increasing aggressiveness. There were two recurrences of giant tumors that consumed the entire right breast, which developed over a three-year period. The final surgical treatment was a total extirpation of the tumor with subsequent plastic reconstruction using a cutaneous flap from the region of the latissimus dorsi muscle. The patient died three months after the last recurrence due to multiorgan failure.
Gene Expression-Assisted Cancer Prediction Techniques
Authors: Thakur Tanima , Batra Isha , Luthra Monica , Vimal Shanmuganathan , Dhiman Gaurav , Malik Arun , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases and with its growing number, its detection and treatment become essential. Researchers have developed various methods based on gene expression. Gene expression is a process that is used to convert deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) to ribose nucleic acid (RNA) and then RNA to protein. This protein serves so many purposes, such as creating cells, drugs for cancer, and even hybrid species. As genes carry genetic information from one generation to another, some gene deformity is also transferred to the next generation. Therefore, the deformity needs to be detected. There are many techniques available in the literature to predict cancerous and noncancerous genes from gene expression data. This is an important development from the point of diagnostics and giving a prognosis for the condition. This paper will present a review of some of those techniques from the literature; details about the various datasets on which these techniques are implemented and the advantages and disadvantages.
Numerical Analysis on the Structure Type and Mechanical Response of Tunnel Crossing Active Reverse Fault
Authors: Han Xianmin , Li Wenjiang
Published: August 2021

Faulting would result in ground deformation and even damage to the tunnel structure. Thus, special structural designs should be made when the tunnel passes through an active fault. A single-track railway tunnel crossing a reverse fault is used to study the suitable structure type. In this paper, antidislocation structural measures such as reasonable segment length of articulated lining, cross-section shape, and thickness of lining are discussed through the numerical simulation. Firstly, the rational segment length of the articulated lining is confirmed. Stress and deformation behavior of articulated lining are also analyzed after the fault move. Then, the antifault effect of two kinds of cross-section shapes and three different lining thicknesses are compared. Researches show that the segment length of the articulated lining could be confirmed by the longitudinal distribution of maximum bending moment of lining after faulting. There are apparent stress concentrations occurring in the lining segment crossing the fault plane, and serious damage appears in the vault and wall waist of the tunnel. The horseshoe section with big curvature inverted arch is recommended to a single-track railway tunnel across an active fault. Simply increasing lining thickness is not suggested in a tunnel structure design crossing the active fault. The size of tunnel expansion and the minimum length of segment across fault plane can be geometrically determined according to fault dislocation magnitude and dip angle.
Partitioning of Forage Mass and Nutritive Value in Sunn Hemp Leaf and Stem Components
Authors: Lepcha Isaac , Naumann Harley D.
Published: August 2021

Sunn hemp (SH; Crotalaria juncea L.) is a fast-growing, annual, warm-season tropical legume that could complement less productive cool-season forages such as tall fescue during summer. Little is known about seasonal forage mass and nutritive value partitioning in SH plant components when SH is managed for forage. We determined partitioning of forage mass and nutritive value (crude protein (CP), in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD)) concentrations in SH leaves and stems harvested 35, 45, and 55 days after planting (DAP) at Bradford Research Center, Columbia, MO, in a 2-year field study. Leaf and stem mass increased with increasing DAP and was greatest (

P
≤
0.05

) at 55 DAP followed by 45 and 35 DAP. Stems contributed most to the total forage mass beyond 45 DAP. Across years, CP was greatest (

P
≤
0.05

) in leaves (281 g kg−1 DM) and lowest for stems (81 g kg−1 DM) at 55 DAP. The lowest NDF (

P
≤
0.05

) was observed in leaves (251 g kg−1 DM) and stems (585 g kg−1 DM) at 35 DAP. Acid detergent fiber was lowest (

P
≤
0.05

) for SH leaves (178 g kg−1 DM) and stems (484 g kg−1 DM) at 35 DAP. Digestibility of leaves was greater than that of stems and generally decreased with maturity. The nutritive value of leaves was consistently greater than that of stems and decreased with maturity, except for CP of leaves, which was maintained throughout the season. Results suggested that SH leaves can maintain forage mass and greater quality than its stem throughout the growing season.
Curcumin Antagonizes Glucose Fluctuation-Induced Renal Injury by Inhibiting Aerobic Glycolysis via the miR-489/LDHA Pathway
Authors: Fu Xiaomei , Zhang Jianfang , Huang Xuanjie , Mo Zhifeng , Sang Ziyang , Duan Wenfei , Huang Wenfeng
Published: August 2021

It has been considered that glucose fluctuation (GF) plays a role in renal injury and is related to diabetic nephropathy (DN) development. But the mechanism is still unclear. Aerobic glycolysis has become a topical issue in DN in recent years. There is an internal connection between GF, aerobic glycolysis, and DN. Curcumin (Cur) is a principal curcuminoid of turmeric and possesses specific protective properties in kidney functions. Cur also participates in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis switch. In this study, we first measured the levels of aerobic glycolysis and evaluated Cur’s inhibitory ability in a cell model of HEK-293 under the condition of oscillating high glucose. The results indicated that GF exacerbated inflammation injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HEK-293 cell, while Cur alleviated this cytotoxicity induced by GF. We found that GF increased aerobic glycolysis in HEK-293 cells and Cur presented a dose-dependent weakening effect to this exacerbation. Next, we built a panel of 17 miRNAs and 8 lncRNAs that were previously reported to mediate the Warburg effect. Our RT-qPCR results indicated that GF reduced the miR-489 content in the HEK-293 cell model and Cur could prevent this downregulation. Then, we planned to explore the character of miR-489 in Cur-triggered attenuation of the Warburg effect under GF condition. Our findings presented that Cur prevented GF-triggered aerobic glycolysis by upregulating miR-489 in HEK-293 cells. Next, we choose the miR-489/LDHA axis for further investigation. We confirmed that Cur prevented GF-triggered aerobic glycolysis via the miR-489/LDHA axis in HEK-293 cells. In conclusion, this study presented that Cur prevented GF-triggered renal injury by restraining aerobic glycolysis via the miR-489/LDHA axis in the HEK-293 cell model.
Salidroside Suppresses the Proliferation and Migration of Human Lung Cancer Cells through AMPK‐Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulation
Authors: Ma Weidong , Wang Ziyuan , Zhao Yan , Wang Qibin , Zhang Yonghong , Lei Pan , Lu Wei , Yan Shan , Zhou Jun , Li Xiaojiao , Yu Wenjun , Zhong Yaoxin , Chen Li , Zheng Tao
Published: August 2021

Inflammatory reactions mediated by the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression, particularly in patients with bacterial infections. Salidroside (SAL) has recently been shown to suppress lipopolysaccharide‐ (LPS‐) induced NSCLC proliferation and migration, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. It has been shown that SAL improves metabolic inflammation in diabetic rodents through AMP‐activated protein kinase‐ (AMPK‐) dependent inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, whether the NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated by SAL in NSCLC cells and how its underlying mechanism(s) can be determined require clarification. In this study, human lung alveolar basal carcinoma epithelial (A549) cells were treated with LPS, and the effects of SAL on cell proliferation, migration, AMPK activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were investigated. We found that LPS induction increases the proliferation and migration of A549 cells which was suppressed by SAL. Moreover, SAL protected A549 cells against LPS‐induced AMPK inhibition, ROS production, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Blocking AMPK using Compound C almost completely suppressed the beneficial effects of SAL. In summary, these results indicate that SAL suppresses the proliferation and migration of human lung cancer cells through AMPK‐dependent NLRP3 inflammasome regulation.
Emotion Generation and Transition of Companion Robots Based on Plutchik’s Model and Quantum Circuit Schemes
Authors: Yan Fei , Yang Xue , Li Nianqiao , Yu Xu , Zhai Hongyu
Published: August 2021

Loneliness and isolation are on the rise worldwide, threatening human well-being and the wellness of different age groups and backgrounds. Notably, global social distancing measures during the COVID-19 crisis have exacerbated this problem, resulting in various psychological and physiological ailments. Within both the categories of social and medical robots, companion robots are capable of engaging emotionally with users and providing continuous monitoring and assessment of their health. In this study, we propose a framework for modeling the emotion space of companion robots to facilitate their emotion generation and transition based on Plutchik’s wheel of emotions and reversible quantum circuit schemes. Superposition encodings allow fewer computing resources for the generation and storage of emotional states, and by using unitary operations, they facilitate easier emotion transition and recovery over different intervals. Further, an encryption strategy is designed based on the emotion communication architecture to secure the emotion-related data in human-robot interaction. It is hoped that such an integrative framework and research agenda exploring the role of companion robots will be useful to care for users’ social health by mitigating their negative emotions, especially during difficult times.
Digital Divide of the Shattered “Iron Rice Bowl”: Economic Insecurity and ICT Access in China
Authors: Li Zhuo , Yin Haijie , Wang Teng
Published: August 2021

Although economic factors account for the digital divide, the effect of economic insecurity on information communication technology (ICT) access has not been determined. The market-oriented reform of Chinese state-owned enterprises in the 1990s resulted in massive layoffs, encouraging us to investigate the relationship between economic insecurity and the digital divide. We draw on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). To handle the endogeneity related to economic insecurity, we use experience in a management position and the number of siblings as instruments for economic insecurity. With the introduction of these two instrumental variables, we find a negative relationship between economic insecurity and ICT access. This study provides insight into ICT policies involving underprivileged people in developing countries.
Learning-Based Detection for Malicious Android Application Using Code Vectorization
Authors: Liu Lin , Ren Wang , Xie Feng , Yi Shengwei , Yi Junkai , Jia Peng
Published: August 2021

The malicious APK (Android Application Package) makers use some techniques such as code obfuscation and code encryption to avoid existing detection methods, which poses new challenges for accurate virus detection and makes it more and more difficult to detect the malicious code. A report indicates that a new malicious app for Android is created every 10 seconds. To combat this serious malware activity, a scalable malware detection approach is needed, which can effectively and efficiently identify the malware apps. Common static detection methods often rely on Hash matching and analysis of viruses, which cannot quickly detect new malicious Android applications and their variants. In this paper, a malicious Android application detection method is proposed, which is implemented by the deep network fusion model. The hybrid model only needs to use the sample training model to achieve high accuracy in the identification of the malicious applications, which is more suitable for the detection of the new malicious Android applications than the existing methods. This method extracts the static features in the core code of the Android application by decompiling APK files, then performs code vectorization processing, and uses the deep learning network for classification and discrimination. Our experiments with a data set containing 10,170 apps show that the decisions from the hybrid model can increase the malware detection rate significantly on a real device, which verifies the superiority of this method in the detection of malicious codes.
Protective Effect of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome against Hepatocyte Apoptosis Induced by Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion with Partial Hepatectomy Injury
Authors: Jiao Zhihui , Ma Yajun , Wang Yue , Liu Tao , Zhang Qianzhen , Liu Xiaoning , Piao Chenxi , Liu Boyang , Wang Hongbin
Published: August 2021

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable complication of liver surgery and liver transplantation. Hepatocyte apoptosis plays a significant role in the pathological process of hepatic IRI. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are known to repair and regenerate damaged tissues by producing bioactive factors, including cytokines, exosomes, and extracellular matrix components, which collectively form the secretome of these cells. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of the ADSCs secretome after liver ischemia-reperfusion combined with partial hepatectomy in miniature pigs. We successfully established laparoscopic liver ischemia-reperfusion with partial hepatectomy in miniature pigs and injected saline, DMEM, ADSC-secretome, and ADSCs directly into the liver parenchyma immediately afterwards. Both ADSCs and the ADSC-secretome improved the IR-induced ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes and significantly decreased the proportion of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells along with caspase activity. Consistent with this, P53, Bax, Fas, and Fasl mRNA and protein levels were markedly decreased, while Bcl-2 was significantly increased in the animals treated with ADSCs and ADSC-secretome. Our findings indicate that ADSCs exert therapeutic effects in a paracrine manner through their secretome, which can be a viable alternative to cell-based regenerative therapies.
Long Noncoding RNA HCG9 Promotes Osteosarcoma Progression through RAD51 by Acting as a ceRNA of miR-34b-3p
Authors: Wang Lu , Li ShuangQing , Qi Lin , Ling Lin
Published: August 2021

Background. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical regulatory functions in biological and pathological activities during osteosarcoma progression. It is important to elucidate the expression pattern and reveal the underlying mechanisms of the newly identified lncRNAs. Methods. Herein, we screened the differentially expressed lncRNAs in osteosarcoma tumors and cell lines using lncRNA microarray. The candidate lncRNA was further verified by qRT-PCR, and the association of gene expression with clinicopathological features was evaluated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The targeting miRNA was identified using starBase analysis, and the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was established by STRING. Overexpression and silence of RNA were detected by qRT-PCR. Osteosarcoma cell proliferation was measured with CCK-8 assay, and the migration and invasion were evaluated with Transwell assay. Colony formation assay was observed. Flow cytometry evaluated the cell cycle. Western blot was performed to detect the mitotic markers and apoptosis-related proteins. A nude mouse tumor formation experiment was used to evaluate osteosarcoma progression in vivo. Cooverexpressing miR-34b-3p with RAD51 reversed the miR-34b-3p-induced changes in proliferation, the cell cycle, the expression of H2A.X, and that of apoptosis-related proteins. Results. HCG9 was identified as osteosarcoma-associated lncRNA. Osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines expressed higher levels of HCG9 as compared to normal tissues and osteoblasts, and high expression of HCG9 was further proved to be related to metastasis and the grade of osteosarcoma in clinical cases. Knockdown of HCG9 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. miR-34b-3p was identified as the target of HCG9, and RAD51 acted as a potential target of miR-34b-3p. Cooverexpressing miR-34b-3p with HCG9 partially suppressed the HCG9-stimulated proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and delayed the tumor progression in vivo. Conclusion. We discovered that lncRNA HCG9 promoted the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells via suppressing miR-34b-3p. Our study provides novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma treatment.
Prognostic Value of Immune‐Inflammatory Index in PSI IV‐V Patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Han Rui , Su Honghui , Guo Gangwen , Wang Qiao , Ma Jiahui , Li Zhenxing , Huang Shitong , Ni Yuncheng , Hu Rong , Huang Dong , Zhou Haocheng
Published: August 2021

Objective. Respiratory failure is the leading cause of mortality in COVID‐19 patients, characterized by a generalized disbalance of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between immune‐inflammatory index and mortality in PSI IV‐V patients with COVID‐19. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of COVID‐19 patients from Feb. to Apr. 2020 in the Zhongfa Xincheng Branch of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. Patients who presented high severity of COVID‐19‐related pneumonia were enrolled for further analysis according to the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) tool. Results. A total of 101 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 were identified at initial research. The survival analysis revealed that mortality of the PSI IV‐V cohort was significantly higher than the PSI I‐III group (p = 0.0003). The overall mortality in PSI IV‐V patients was 32.1% (9/28). The fatal cases of the PSI IV‐V group had a higher level of procalcitonin (p = 0.022) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.033) compared with the survivors. Procalcitonin was the most sensitive predictor of mortality for the severe COVID‐19 population with area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78, higher than the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (0.75) and total lymphocyte (0.68) and neutrophil (0.67) counts. Conclusion. Procalcitonin and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio may potentially be effective predictors for mortality in PSI IV‐V patients with COVID‐19. Increased procalcitonin and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio were associated with greater risk of mortality.
Feasibility and Safety of Radiofrequency Ablation Guided by Bronchoscopic Transparenchymal Nodule Access in Canines
Authors: Zhong Chang-Hao , Fan Ming-Yue , Xu Hong , Jin Rong-Guang , Chen Yu , Chen Xiao-Bo , Tang Chun-Li , Su Zhu-Quan , Li Shi-Yue
Published: August 2021

Background: The treatment of pulmonary malignancies remains a challenge. The efficacy and safety of bronchoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of lung cancer are not well elucidated. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of RFA guided by bronchoscopic transparenchymal nodule access (BTPNA) in vivo. Methods: In an attempt to determine the parameters of RFA, we first performed RFA in conjunction with automatic saline microperfusion in the lung in vitro with various ablation energy (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 W) and ablation times (3, 5, 8, and 10 min). The correlation between ablated area and RFA parameter was recorded and analyzed. Further, we conducted a canine study with RFA by BTPNA in vivo, observing the ablation effect and morphological changes in the lung assessed by chest CT and histopathologic examination at various follow-up time points (1 day, n = 3; 30 days, n = 4; 90 days, n = 4). The related complications were also observed and recorded. Results: More ablation energy, but not ablation time, induced a greater range of ablation area in the lung. Ablation energy applied with 15 W for 3 min served as the appropriate setting for pulmonary lesions ≤1 cm. RFA guided by BTPNA was performed in 11 canines with 100% success rate. Inflammation, congestion, and coagulation necrosis were observed after ablation, which could be repaired within 7 days; subsequently, granulation and fibrotic scar tissue developed after 30 days. No procedure-related complication occurred during the operation or in the follow-up periods. Conclusion: The novel RFA system and catheter in conjunction with automatic saline microperfusion present a safe and feasible modality in pulmonary parenchyma. RFA guided by BTPNA appears to be well established with an acceptable tolerance; it might further provide therapeutic benefit in pulmonary malignancies.
Accuracy of Anti-GBM Antibodies in Diagnosing Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shiroshita Akihiro , Oda Yasuhiro , Takenouchi Seiji , Hagino Noboru , Kataoka Yuki
Published: August 2021

Background: The sensitivity and specificity of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies have not been systematically analyzed. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of anti-GBM antibodies for anti-GBM disease. Summary: Potential studies were searched using MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform based on the index test and target condition. The inclusion criteria were prospective or retrospective cohort studies or case-control studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of anti-GBM antibodies, and the reference standard was clinical diagnosis including biopsy results. The exclusion criteria were review articles, case reports, animal studies, and in vitro studies. Quality assessment was conducted based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. The pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model. The overall quality was evaluated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Six studies (1,691 patients) and 11 index tests were included in our systematic review. A high risk of bias and concerns regarding the applicability of patient selection were noted because of the case-control design in 67% of the included studies. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 93% (95% CI: 84–97%) and 97% (95% CI: 94–99%), respectively. The certainty of evidence was low because of the high risk of bias and indirectness. Key Messages: Anti-GBM antibodies may exhibit high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of anti-GBM disease. Further cohort studies are needed to confirm their precise diagnostic accuracy and compare diagnostic accuracies among different immunoassays.
Anwendung und Risiken von therapeutischen Ansätzen der Nanotechnologie in der Retina
Authors: Strauß Olaf
Published: August 2021

Der Einsatz von Nanotechnologie ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, der in Zukunft Diagnose, Therapien oder auch operative Eingriffe verbessern könnte. In der Ophthalmologie steht der Einsatz von Nanotechnologie noch in den Anfängen, es ist aber zu hoffen, dass damit in Zukunft z.B. die Therapie von Netzhauterkrankungen verbessert werden kann. Die präklinische Forschung gibt Hinweise darauf, dass Nanopartikel existierende Diagnose- und Screeningtools verbessern könnten, um Erkrankungen früher zu diagnostizieren, und auch in der Verlaufskontrolle eingesetzt werden könnten. Das Review von Scheive et al. untersucht die Ansätze, die für den klinischen Einsatz von Nanotechnologie für Netzhauterkrankungen zur Zeit existieren.
Literatura afrofeminina: a construção de novos significados
Authors: Nascimento Tassia
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os elementos que permitem identificar o corpus da poética afrofeminina, estabelecendo uma discussão a respeito do conceito de escrevivência, cunhado pela escritora mineira Conceição Evaristo, e o processo de ressignificação da noção de identidade da mulher negra no Brasil por meio da literatura. A compreensão dos paradigmas e da perspectiva epistemológica negra presentes na materialidade textual desta poética pautou-se nos três temas estabelecidos pela teórica Patricia Hill Collins (2016), quais sejam: 1) a autodefinição e autoavaliação, que permitem uma autonomia de pensamento e resistência à objetificação inerente aos sistemas de dominação; 2) a intersecção entre múltiplas estruturas de dominação, que permite ao sujeito negro identificar o entroncamento e as nuances de um jogo estabelecido arbitrariamente pelo discurso hegemônico; 3) a redefinição e explicação da importância da cultura da mulher negra. A partir deles, estas mulheres exploram suas próprias vivências, identificando áreas concretas de relações sociais onde são criadas e transmitidas autodefinições e autoavaliações. A contrapelo, personagens e toda uma semântica irrompem, conduzindo um fio de memórias e revelando especificidades identitárias.
BRINCADEIRA: uma leitura sobre a violência e o racismo presentes na contística alveana da obra Mulher Mat(r)iz, de Miriam Alves
Authors: Vieira Andressa Santos
Published: August 2021

Esse trabalho, um recorte da dissertação de mestrado intitulada CONTORNOS NEGROS: representações, limites e fluxos das personagens femininas negras na obra Mulher Mat(r)iz, de Miriam Alves (2021), busca promover algumas reflexões sobre a tessitura alveana na obra Mulher Mat(r)iz (2011), refletindo sobre as (des)construções e as novas representatividades apresentadas por Miriam Alves ao longo de suas narrativas. Debruçados sobre alguns importantes teóricos, tais como Césaire (2010), Fanon (1980), Meneses (2010), refletimos as nuances das violências que são vivenciadas pelas personagens alveanas, especialmente por “Zinho”, que protagoniza o conto Brincadeira, narrativa na qual mergulhamos e refletimos ao longo do presente estudo.
Logos e phoné em Um útero é do tamanho de um punho, de Angélica Freitas
Authors: Claro Luana dos Santos
Published: August 2021

Angélica Freitas, poeta brasileira, possui uma obra poética repetidamente marcada pela questão da condição feminina. Ao observar Um útero é do tamanho de um punho (2012), constata-se um paralelo entre a figura feminina e os animais, na medida em que algumas das mencionadas mulheres apresentam elementos animalescos. A partir dessa observação e dos conceitos aristotélicos de logos e phoné, é possível perceber como se articula uma grande oposição dentro da obra: entre o que pode ser considerado racional, superior, representado por uma voz masculina, paradoxalmente tautológica, e o que é considerado inferior ou irracional, representado pelo elemento feminino, referido como mulher que ladra, é suja e que tem patas.
Maternidades negras como prática da liberdade
Authors: Moreira Josinélia Chaves
Published: August 2021

O presente ensaio objetiva apresentar como as escrevivências de Conceição Evaristo reconstroem o lugar das maternidades negras como prática de liberdade, por meio de uma ética de amor calcada na inquietação sobre políticas de dominação e opressões que atravessam as “avenidas identitárias” de muitas mulheres negras. Para análise do conto “Shirley Paixão”, presente no livro Insubmissas lágrimas de mulheres, de Conceição Evaristo, colho as abordagens teórico-metodológicas de bell hooks, Oyèrónkë Oyěwùmí, Davi Reis e Thiago Prado, Audre Lorde e Jorge Silva como fundamentais para recolocar a instituição “maternidade” enquanto construção libertária e identitária de muitas mulheres negras. Shirley Paixão e tantas outras personagens evaristianas nos ensinam o que é ser uma mãe negra, sobretudo, no processo de restituição de nossa humanidade, por meio de uma confraria de mulheres. Os silêncios são múltiplos, assim como as cicatrizes, mas a expressão como esse exercício de expor sua voz, seu ponto de vista acompanhado de corporeidades negras, de transformar o silêncio em linguagem e ação, que começa na narrativa em análise, arrebenta, sangra e pare mulheres insubmissas, as quais mesmo com lágrimas nos olhos, insistem, resistem e nos provam o quanto somos donas do poder feminino.
A função da criação literária como tema em O cemitério dos vivos de Lima Barreto e Diário de Bitita de Carolina Maria de Jesus
Authors: Santos Raul Almeida dos
Published: August 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo investigar a presença da criação literária como tema nas obras O Cemitério dos Vivos (1919), de Lima Barreto, e Diário de Bitita (1986), de Carolina Maria de Jesus. Parte-se de maneira panorâmica das representações predominantes de personagens negras na historiografia literária brasileira como ausentes de subjetividade (NASCIMENTO, 2015) e das reflexões mobilizadas pelos autores a respeito da criação literária e o papel que exercem nas obras, que, para além de construir uma relação específica e legítima entre indivíduo e arte, se comportam como críticas à constituição da instituição literária e atuam como reivindicatórias desse espaço. Dessa maneira, buscamos compreender os cruzamentos existentes e entender os procedimentos estéticos de cada texto.
Novas vozes que ecoam antigas vozes: Clarice Fortunato, Conceição Evaristo e Carolina Maria de Jesus
Authors: Figueiredo Eurídice
Published: August 2021

A proposta deste texto é de analisar o livro Da vida nas ruas ao teto dos livros, de Clarice Fortunato, colocando-o em diálogo com Becos da memória de Conceição Evaristo e o Diário de Bitita de Carolina Maria de Jesus. Nos três livros, as autoras, negras e pobres, de diferentes gerações, relatam suas histórias de vida. Fortunato e Evaristo conseguiram completar a escolaridade, tendo concluído um Doutorado em Letras ao passo que Carolina de Jesus não teve as mesmas oportunidades. Conceição Evaristo considera seu livro um romance ainda que inspirado nos fatos de sua vida; Clarice Fortunato dá uma forma menos romanesca enquanto o livro de Carolina, embora leve o nome de diário, não tem a forma clássica do diário, com entradas datadas. Em resumo, os três livros são autobiográficos, o que não quer dizer que eles retratem um vivido tal como aconteceu, o que é impossível. Através da leitura do percurso dessas mulheres pode-se entrever um verdadeiro painel das desigualdades e das injustiças da sociedade brasileira, além do racismo estrutural que oprime as mulheres negras.
A palavra vermelha: diálogo entre Mariana Paiva e Hilda Hilst
Authors: Rodrigues Julia Côrtes
Published: August 2021

Vermelho-vida, de Mariana Paiva (2018), se constrói em diálogo com a obra de Hilda Hilst. Escrito a partir da residência de Paiva na Casa do Sol ­– onde Hilst viveu e escreveu –, o livro é um misto de diário da vivência, leituras de Hilst e criação própria. Há uma interlocução particularmente estreita com Júbilo, memória, noviciado da paixão (1974), livro em que Hilst emula de maneira cifrada uma paixão clandestina que vivera. Uma epígrafe dessa obra é de Sylvia Plath, poeta associada à poesia confessional. Nessa leitura – baseada nos comentários de Janet Malcolm, W. D. Snodgrass e Diane Middlebrook –, o confessional se baseia menos na inclusão de dados biográficos no poema e mais num jogo que perturba limites entre público e privado. Hilst, embora se diferencie dos confessionais, adota estratégias semelhantes para codificar o biográfico. Em Vermelho-vida, por sua vez, Paiva nos apresenta seu encontro com Hilst, enquanto reflete criticamente sobre a dedução da intimidade. Assim, nossa leitura se debruça sobre esse duplo retrato, simultaneamente pessoal e político, social e íntimo: acompanhamos a jornada de Paiva e Hilst, duas mulheres escritoras, em sua reflexão crítica a respeito do vínculo entre poesia e vida nesse modo lírico moderno.
Água Funda de Ruth Guimarães: Mário, Valdomiro, o medo e 'aquela filosofia que só se encontra na linguagem do povo"
Authors: Marinho Cecilia Silva Furquim
Published: August 2021

O artigo pretende destacar a contribuição que Ruth Guimarães (1920-2014) trouxe à comunidade literária com seu romance Água Funda, de 1946. A carreira da autora deu-se a partir do encontro com Mário de Andrade, aqui analisado, que inseriu sua escrita dentro de anseios significativos da estética modernista. O texto  demonstra também como o romance banhou-se no pioneirismo que seu conterrâneo, Valdomiro Silveira, teria feito a partir do material folclórico e linguístico da região do Vale do Paraíba, conseguindo Ruth, por sua vez, superar problemas que o escritor pré-modernista teria enfrentado ao tentar dar vitalidade e naturalidade àquele dialeto caipira. Água Funda recria de modo ímpar o que a autora chamou de “aquela filosofia que só se encontra na linguagem do povo”, agregando contribuições da cultura oral ameríndia, nagô e europeia, também retratadas no seu estudo folclórico sobre o medo, de 1950. Dessa forma, traz a perspectiva feminina de quem cresceu dentro daquele sistema simbólico, invocando assim o conceito de ‘escrevivência’, de Conceição Evaristo, e o chamado ‘lugar de fala’, formado a partir da contribuição de Gayatri Spivak e Linda Alcoff, nos anos 1980, e, hoje, uma das maiores bandeiras da crítica cultural feminista.
Vozesfragmentos de Orides Fontela: conversa com Paulo Henriques Britto
Authors: Alves Nathaly Felipe Ferreira , Nunes Filho Wanderley Corino
Published: August 2021

A entrevista que aqui apresentamos foi realizada virtualmente, por meio de trocas de e-mails ao longo dos meses de agosto e setembro de 2020.
Vozearia literária: adorar a roda
Authors: Dias Ayana Moreira , Marinho Cecilia Silva Furquim , Morais Maira Luana , Mendes Mariana Diniz
Published: August 2021

Editorial da Revista
Sigurnost bolesnika u zdravstvenim ustanovama iz perspektive medicinskih sestara
Authors: Neuberg Marijana , Cikač Tina , Herak Ivana , Kovačić Matija , Vincek Valentina
Published: August 2021

Uvod: Sigurnost bolesnika u fokusu je interesa svih zdravstvenih organizacija jer može determinirati kvalitetu života bolesnika nakon završetka njegove hospitalizacije. Međutim, sigurnost bolesnika određena je brojnim faktorima, a jedan od njih su i medicinske sestre koje rade u bolničkim organizacijama. Preopterećenost medicinskih sestara brojnim zadacima, ali i nepravilna komunikacija mogu rezultirati ugrozom sigurnosti. Sigurnost bolesnika predmet je regulacije i zakonodavca koji putem indikatora kvalitete definira potrebu praćenja i poboljšanja postojeće razine sigurnosti bolesnika. Cilj: Cilj je ovog rada istražiti percepciju medicinskih sestara o sigurnosti pacijenata.
Metode: U istraživanju je korišten Upitnik o kulturi bolesnikove sigurnosti u bolnici (HSOPSC), a u istraživanje je uključeno 209 ispitanika. Kao tehnika prikupljanja podataka korištena je anketa provedena putem Google Forms obrasca tijekom travnja i svibnja 2020. godine. Prikupljene ankete analizirane su pomoću deskriptivne statistike za što je korišten MS Excel program. U svrhu testiranja hipoteza koristio se hi-kvadrat test.
Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako medicinske sestre percipiraju sigurnost pacijenata te da postoji razlika u percepciji sigurnosti s obzirom na hijerarhiju zaposlenika u zdravstvenoj ustanovi. Percepcija sigurnosti bolesnika u zdravstvenoj ustanovi mijenja se ovisno o razini obrazovanja te godinama radnog iskustva sudionika.
Zaključak: Budući da smanjena razina sigurnosti može rezultirati pojavom neželjenih događaja, odnosno može smanjiti kvalitetu skrbi za pacijenata, percepcija medicinskih sestara o sigurnosti pacijenata u zdravstvenoj ustanovi, razina njihove edukacije te način izvođenja aktivnosti mogu doprinijeti sigurnosti bolesnika.
Stavovi i mišljenja učenika o osobama s duševnim poremećajima
Authors: Vukotić Danijela , Kosić Radoslav
Published: August 2021

Cilj istraživanja : Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati mišljenja o osobama s duševnim poremećajima kod učenika Medicinske škole Karlovac smjera medicinska sestra / medicinski tehničar opće njege i fizioterapeutskih tehničara, te utvrditi postoje li razlike s obzirom na smjer obrazovanja učenika, spol, mjesto stanovanja i obiteljsku anamnezu.
Ispitanici i metode : Provedeno je presječno istraživanje u svibnju 2020. godine u kojem su sudjelovala 73 ispitanika. Ispitanici su bili punoljetni učenici četvrtog razreda smjera fizioterapeutski tehničar i učenici petih razreda smjera medicinska sestra / medicinski tehničar opće njege Medicinske škole Karlovac. Korišten je anketni upitnik. U prvom dijelu upitnika dobiveni su sociodemografski podaci, a drugi je dio upitnika OMS-HC skala (eng. The opening minds scale for Health Care Providers) za ispitivanje mišljenja o osobama s duševnim poremećajima.
Rezultati: Ne postoje razlike u mišljenjima o osobama s duševnim poremećajem s obzirom na smjer obrazovanja, mjesto stanovanja i obiteljsku anamnezu. Statistički značajna razlika dobivena je u varijabli spol učenika.
Zaključak: Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na to da učenici imaju pozitivna mišljenja o osobama s duševnim poremećajima.