bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TIMING THE EVOLUTION OF QUIESCENT AND STAR-FORMING LOCAL GALAXIES
Authors: Pacifici Camilla , Oh Sree , Oh Kyuseok , Lee Jaehyun , K. Yi Sukyoung
Published: June 2016

Constraining the star formation histories (SFHs) of individual galaxies is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that regulate their evolution. Here, we combine multi-wavelength (ultraviolet, optical, and infrared) measurements of a very large sample of galaxies (∼230,000) at z < 0.16, with physically motivated models of galaxy spectral energy distributions to extract constraints on galaxy physical parameters (such as stellar mass and star formation rate) as well as individual SFHs. In particular, we set constraints on the timescales in which galaxies form a certain percentage of their total stellar mass (namely, 10%, 50%, and 90%). The large statistics allows us to average such measurements over different populations of galaxies (quiescent and star-forming) and in narrow ranges of stellar mass. As in the downsizing scenario, we confirm that low-mass galaxies have more extended SFHs than high-mass galaxies. We also find that at the same observed stellar mass, galaxies that are now quiescent evolve more rapidly than galaxies that are currently still forming stars. This suggests that stellar mass is not the only driver of galaxy evolution, but plays along with other factors such as merger events and other environmental effects.
THE SDSS-IV EXTENDED BARYON OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY: LUMINOUS RED GALAXY TARGET SELECTION
Authors: Prakash Abhishek , Licquia Timothy C. , Newman Jeffrey A. , Ross Ashley J. , Myers Adam D. , Dawson Kyle S. , Kneib Jean-Paul , Percival Will J. , Bautista Julian E. , Comparat Johan , Tinker Jeremy L. , Schlegel David J. , Tojeiro Rita , Ho Shirley , Lang Dustin , Rao Sandhya M. , McBride Cameron K. , Zhu Guangtun Ben , Brownstein Joel R. , Bailey Stephen , Bolton Adam S. , Delubac Timothée , Mariappan Vivek , Blanton Michael R. , Reid Beth , Schneider Donald P. , Seo Hee-Jong , Rosell Aurelio Carnero , Prada Francisco
Published: June 2016

We describe the algorithm used to select the luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample for the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV) using photometric data from both the SDSS and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. LRG targets are required to meet a set of color selection criteria and have z-band and i-band MODEL magnitudes z < 19.95 and 19.9 < i < 21.8, respectively. Our algorithm selects roughly 50 LRG targets per square degree, the great majority of which lie in the redshift range 0.6 < z < 1.0 (median redshift 0.71). We demonstrate that our methods are highly effective at eliminating stellar contamination and lower-redshift galaxies. We perform a number of tests using spectroscopic data from SDSS-III/BOSS ancillary programs to determine the redshift reliability of our target selection and its ability to meet the science requirements of eBOSS. The SDSS spectra are of high enough signal-to-noise ratio that at least ∼89% of the target sample yields secure redshift measurements. We also present tests of the uniformity and homogeneity of the sample, demonstrating that it should be clean enough for studies of the large-scale structure of the universe at higher redshifts than SDSS-III/BOSS LRGs reached.
What is traditional?
Authors: Yen A.L.
Published: June 2016

Insects have been accepted as traditional food in many different cultures (Hanboonsong and Durst, 2014; Ramos-Elorduy 2009; Van Huis et al., 2013; Vantomme et al., 2004; Yen, 2009). A commonly accepted definition of ‘traditional’ is that it is a practice that has been operating in a particular culture for long historical periods and is passed through generations unchanged. We know that practices change over time, and the species composition of insects consumed by different cultures would not be exempt from change. Not only the kinds of insects used as food change, but the mode of production (whether they are collected in the wild, semi-domesticated or farmed) has also changed to ensure greater yields. Storage and cooking methods may also have changed. A recent example is the wider adoption of the introduced domestic cricket (Acheta domesticus) as a food in Thailand where native crickets have been consumed for many generations (Hanboonsong et al., 2013). While consumption of Orthoptera in Thailand may be considered traditional, the main species consumed has changed and the mode of production has changed with modern large scale farming techniques.
Effect of Psychiatric Clinical Learning Site on Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Mental Illness and Psychiatric Nursing
Authors: Slimmer Lynda W. , Wendt Anne , Martinkus Dalia
Published: June 2016

As a component of an undergraduate nursing program evaluation, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the psychiatric clinical learning site on students' attitudes toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was utilized. The dependent measures included an Environmental Rating Scale, an Attitude Toward Mental Illness Scale, and an Attitude Toward Psychiatric Nursing Scale. The non-probability sample of convenience included 45 students enrolled in the senior level psychiatric nursing module of a baccalaureate nursing program at a midwest, metropolitan liberal arts college. The subjects were randomly assigned to a Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center and a private hospital. The results indicated that after controlling for students' attitudes toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing prior to the psychiatric nursing module, clinical site location did not aceount for any significant variance in students' attitudes after the module. However, correlation analysis of the specific components of the Environmental Rating Scale did demonstrate statistically significant associations with a decrease in authoritative, restrictive attitudes toward mental illness, and an increase in the milieu therapy and community mental health orientations to psychiatric nursing.
A Comprehensive Approach to Preparation for NCLEX-RN
Authors: Baradell Janet G. , Durham Carol F. , Angel Bonnie F. , Kaufman Jane S. , Lowdermilk Deitra L.
Published: June 2016

As nurse educators, we believe that the incidence of failure on NCLEX-RN can be reduced by counteracting the circumstances likely to produce failure. A twofold approach to preventing failure is described: an academic advisement and development program and a post-graduation workshop designed to assist graduates to prepare for NCLEX-RN. Evaluation data on the two approaches is presented.
Sevilla y la carrera de Indias: las compraventas de naos (1560-1622)
Authors: Rodríguez Lorenzo Sergio M.
Published: June 2016

El negocio naviero sigue siendo uno de los aspectos menos conocidos de la carrera de Indias. En este artículo se intenta responder a la pregunta de cómo se adquieren en Sevilla los barcos que hacen la ruta trasatlántica. Para ello, se describen exhaustivamente las cláusulas de algunos contratos notariales de compraventas de naos comprendidos entre 1560 y 1622.
Estrategias de conversión y modos indígenas de apropiación del cristianismo en las misiones jesuíticas de Maynas, 1638-1767
Authors: Lopes de Carvalho Francismar Alex
Published: June 2016

Este texto problematiza las formas de apropiación de la doctrina cristiana entre los indios reducidos en las misiones jesuíticas de Maynas. Dichas misiones fueron iniciadas en 1638 en los valles de los ríos Marañón, Napo y Amazonas. El análisis permite divisar la persistencia, bajo nuevas convenciones, de prácticas y formas de pensar nativas, como matrices que informaron la apropiación del cristianismo.
Abriendo baúles y desempolvando guardarropas. Mujeres y prácticas del vestido en el Buenos Aires virreinal
Authors: Marschoff María , Salerno Melisa A.
Published: June 2016

Desde una posición informada por la arqueología, en este trabajo analizamos la diversidad de prácticas del vestido de mujeres presumiblemente blancas en el Buenos Aires virreinal, discutiendo su impacto en la materialización y estilización de los cuerpos, y sugiriendo algunas ideas sobre sus posibilidades y límites para la acción. La evidencia integra inventarios y tasaciones post mortem que describen el vestuario de mujeres con diferentes patrimonios y grupos de convivencia.
Nacionalización de las memorias colectivas y reproducción de riesgos en regiones fronterizas latinoamericanas
Authors: Altez Rogelio
Published: June 2016

Los procesos nacionales fracturan las memorias ancestrales anclando códigos y referentes a sus límites soberanos y arbitrarios. Con ello, los riesgos asociados a fenómenos naturales son comprendidos fragmentariamente en regiones fronterizas. Proponemos utilizar herramientas históricas para reducir los riesgos en esas regiones y reconstruir memorias colectivas desde la investigación documental con ese fin.
Their Emotions and Ours: A Single History?
Authors: Konstan David
Published: June 2016

Y a-t-il une histoire de l’émotion dans la longue durée ? Si les émotions sont des invariants à travers l’histoire et les sociétés, du passé au présent, dans ce cas (c’est-à-dire indépendamment des conditions spécifiques qui les suscitent) elles n’ont pas d’histoire en tant que telles. En revanche, si les émotions sont culturellement construites, et donc soumises au changement, est-ce l’émotion particulière qui évolue ou bien une nouvelle qui remplace l’ancienne ? Évidemment on peut affirmer que certaines réponses primitives, quasi-émotionnelles, sont transculturelles, tandis que les émotions complexes sont construites à partir de ces affects élémentaires, et changent d’une culture à l’autre. Cet article offre deux études de cas de l’évolution émotionnelle – la transformation de la pitié en compassion et celle du regret en repentance – et propose, pour conclure, l’idée que nous pouvons tracer des schèmes ou des convergences à travers une série de sentiments, lorsqu’une matrice émotionnelle se dissout et une nouvelle se cristallise.
L’émergence des émotions dans les sciences psychologiques
Authors: Rimé Bernard
Published: June 2016

Les sciences psychologiques ont précédé les autres disciplines en matière d’étude des émotions. Depuis la fin du dix-neuvième siècle, un intérêt à la fois marginal et continuel s’y est manifesté pour cette question. L’article passe en revue les différents courants de recherche qui ont contribué à l’établissement d’une culture commune au sein des échanges internationaux dans ce champ disciplinaire. Ces courants sont au nombre de trois. Le courant biologique est le plus ancien. Inspiré de la théorie de l’évolution, il conçoit les émotions comme des dispositifs biologiques adaptatifs résultant de l’histoire des espèces. L’approche physiologique de l’émotion constitue un deuxième courant, qui s’est centré l’examen des modifications corporelles de l’émotion. Ce courant est à la source de l’étude neuropsychologique contemporaine des émotions. Enfin, un courant cognitiviste apparu plus tardivement aborde l’ensemble des processus mentaux impliqués, avec un intérêt particulier pour le rôle des processus cognitifs dans le déclenchement de l’émotion.
Le corps social à l’origine de l’invention du mot « émotion »
Authors: Hochner Nicole
Published: June 2016

Bien que les historiens analysent les émotions des sociétés passées, le terme émotion lui-même est un mot récent qui n'apparaît qu'au courant du XVe siècle. Cette « invention », qui se fait en France, se dissémine rapidement dans d'autres langues, comme en anglais par exemple. À l'origine le mot « émotion » a une signification politique et désigne un soulèvement ou une révolte populaire. Cette étude se propose d'examiner le contexte précis de gestation et d'apparition du mot émotion, qui n'a curieusement suscité aucun examen systématique jusqu'à nos jours. En comblant cette lacune, on pourra mieux comprendre la dimension politique originelle du terme et, surtout, prouver que ce ne sont pas nécessairement les agitations et les perturbations politiques qui secouent la France qui suffisent pour expliquer l'apparition de ce nouveau terme. Il est indéniable que les réalités politiques ont leur place dans le contexte culturel et politique de l'invention du terme « émotion », mais cet article prouve que l'élément indispensable et constitutif à la formation du mot « émotion » est la référence au corps imaginaire de la société qui est profondément bouleversée par Nicole Oresme. Cet article démontrera comment et pourquoi le corps politique doit être considéré comme le berceau métaphorique du mot « émotion » qui depuis a perdu sa teneur politique.
Mind, Body, and Metaphor in Ancient Greek Concepts of Emotion
Authors: Cairns Douglas
Published: June 2016

This paper presents examples of the role played by metaphor in the formation of ancient Greek emotional concepts. Previous studies of emotion in ancient Greek societies have focused chiefly on the terms that the ancient Greeks used to label their emotional experiences. Such an approach is fundamental, yet overlooks important elements of the language of emotion. The characteristic symptoms, physiological changes, expressions, and behaviours associated with the emotions typically become metonyms for the emotions themselves and are represented in cognitive metaphors that form part of a culture’s conceptual model of emotion. Thus the embodied nature of emotions is reflected in language, and in so far as the metaphors and metonyms of folk physiology are limited by the observed phenomena of real physiology and predicated on basic conceptual structures that are rooted in human beings’ embodied nature, no serious study of emotion language can afford to ignore these aspects. A comprehensive study of emotional metaphor in ancient Greek can thus be expected to present much that is, in broad terms, familiar to us from our own languages. The interesting questions, however, concern the interplay between what is universal and what is specific in both the formation and the application of such concepts. This paper explores some of these questions with particular reference to two Greek images: the symptom of shivering or shuddering; and the representation of grief and other emotions as enveloping garments.
On the exit time from a cone for random walks with drift
Authors: Garbit Rodolphe , Raschel Kilian
Published: June 2016

We compute the exponential decay of the probability that a given multi-dimensional random walk stays in a convex cone up to time

n

, as

n

goes to infinity. We show that the latter equals the minimum, on the dual cone, of the Laplace transform of the random walk increments. As an example, our results find applications in the counting of walks in orthants, a classical domain in enumerative combinatorics.
Monodromy representations of completed coverings
Authors: Aaltonen Martina
Published: June 2016

In this paper we consider completed coverings that are branched coverings in the sense of Fox. For completed coverings between PL manifolds we give a characterization of the existence of a monodromy representation and the existence of a locally compact monodromy representation. These results stem from a characterization of the discreteness of a completed normal covering. We also show that a completed covering admitting a monodromy representation is discrete and that the image of the branch set is closed.
Fitting a Sobolev function to data II
Authors: Fefferman Charles , Israel Arie , Luli Garving K.
Published: June 2016

In this paper and two companion papers, we produce efficient algorithms to solve the following interpolation problem. Let

\mathfrak m \geq 1

and

\mathfrak p > \mathfrak n \geq 1

. Given a finite set E

\subset \mathbb{R}^{\mathfrak n}

and a function f: E

\rightarrow \mathbb{R}

, compute an extension F of f belonging to the Sobolev space

W^{\mathfrak {m,p}}(\mathbb{R}^{\mathfrak n})

with norm having the smallest possible order of magnitude; secondly, compute the order of magnitude of the norm of F. The combined running time of our algorithms is at most CN log N, where N denotes the cardinality of E, and C depends only on

\mathfrak m

,

\mathfrak n

, and

\mathfrak p

.
Current estimates of biogenic emissions from eucalypts uncertain for southeast Australia
Authors: Emmerson Kathryn M. , Galbally Ian E. , Guenther Alex B. , Paton-Walsh Clare , Guerette Elise-Andree , Cope Martin E. , Keywood Melita D. , Lawson Sarah J. , Molloy Suzie B. , Dunne Erin , Thatcher Marcus , Karl Thomas , Maleknia Simin D.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The biogenic emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes are one of the main drivers of atmospheric photochemistry, including oxidant and secondary organic aerosol production. In this paper, the emission rates of isoprene and monoterpenes from Australian vegetation are investigated for the first time using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGANv2.1); the CSIRO chemical transport model; and atmospheric observations of isoprene, monoterpenes and isoprene oxidation products (methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone). Observations from four field campaigns during three different seasons are used, covering urban, coastal suburban and inland forest areas. The observed concentrations of isoprene and monoterpenes were of a broadly similar magnitude, which may indicate that southeast Australia holds an unusual position where neither chemical species dominates. The model results overestimate the observed atmospheric concentrations of isoprene (up to a factor of 6) and underestimate the monoterpene concentrations (up to a factor of 4). This may occur because the emission rates currently used in MEGANv2.1 for Australia are drawn mainly from young eucalypt trees (< 7 years), which may emit more isoprene than adult trees. There is no single increase/decrease factor for the emissions which suits all seasons and conditions studied. There is a need for further field measurements of in situ isoprene and monoterpene emission fluxes in Australia.
Retrieval of optical and physical properties of African dust from multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements during the SHADOW campaign in Senegal
Authors: Veselovskii I. , Goloub P. , Podvin T. , Bovchaliuk V. , Derimian Y. , Augustin P. , Fourmentin M. , Tanre D. , Korenskiy M. , Whiteman D. N. , Diallo A. , Ndiaye T. , Kolgotin A. , Dubovik O.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. West Africa and the adjacent oceanic regions are very important locations for studying dust properties and their influence on weather and climate. The SHADOW (study of SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) campaign is performing a multiscale and multilaboratory study of aerosol properties and dynamics using a set of in situ and remote sensing instruments at an observation site located at the IRD (Institute for Research and Development) in Mbour, Senegal (14° N, 17° W). In this paper, we present the results of lidar measurements performed during the first phase of SHADOW (study of SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) which occurred in March–April 2015. The multiwavelength Mie–Raman lidar acquired 3β + 2α + 1δ measurements during this period. This set of measurements has permitted particle-intensive properties, such as extinction and backscattering Ångström exponents (BAE) for 355/532 nm wavelengths' corresponding lidar ratios and depolarization ratio at 532 nm, to be determined. The mean values of dust lidar ratios during the observation period were about 53 sr at both 532 and 355 nm, which agrees with the values observed during the SAMUM-1 and SAMUM-2 campaigns held in Morocco and Cabo Verde in 2006 and 2008. The mean value of the particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm was 30 ± 4.5 %; however, during strong dust episodes this ratio increased to 35 ± 5 %, which is also in agreement with the results of the SAMUM campaigns. The backscattering Ångström exponent during the dust episodes decreased to ∼ −0.7, while the extinction Ångström exponent, though negative, was greater than −0.2. Low values of BAE can likely be explained by an increase in the imaginary part of the dust refractive index at 355 nm compared to 532 nm. The dust extinction and backscattering coefficients at multiple wavelengths were inverted to the particle microphysics using the regularization algorithm and the model of randomly oriented spheroids. The analysis performed has demonstrated that the spectral dependence of the imaginary part of the dust refractive index may significantly influence the inversion results and should be taken into account.
Hydrologically transported dissolved organic carbon influences soil respiration in a tropical rainforest
Authors: Zhou W.-J. , Lu H.-Z. , Sha L.-Q. , Zhang Y.-P. , Schaefer D. A. , Song Q.-H. , Deng Y. , Deng X.-B.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. To better understand the role of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) transported by hydrological processes in soil respiration in tropical rainforests, we measured: (1) the DOC flux in rainfall, throughfall, litter leachate, and surface soil water (0–20 cm), (2) the seasonality of δ13CDOC in each hydrological process, and δ13C in leaves, litter, and surface soil, and (3) soil respiration in a tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. The results showed: the surface soil intercepted 94.4 ± 1.2 % of the annual litter leachate DOC flux and is a sink for DOC. The throughfall and litter leachate DOC fluxes amounted to 6.81 % and 7.23 % of the net ecosystem exchange, respectively, indicating that the DOC flux through hydrological processes is a key component of the carbon budget, and may be a key link between hydrological processes and soil respiration in the tropical rainforest. The difference in δ13C among the soil, soil water (at 0–20 cm), throughfall, and litter leachate indicated that DOC is transformed in the surface soil. The variability in soil respiration is more dependent on the hydrologically transported DOC flux than on the soil water content (at 0–20 cm), and is more sensitive to the soil water DOC flux (at 0–20 cm) than to the soil temperature, which suggests that soil respiration is more sensitive to the DOC flux in hydrological processes, especially the soil water DOC flux, than to soil temperature or soil moisture.
A global high-resolution data set of ice sheet topography, cavity geometry and ocean bathymetry
Authors: Schaffer Janin , Timmermann Ralph , Arndt Jan Erik , Kristensen Steen Savstrup , Mayer Christoph , Morlighem Mathieu , Steinhage Daniel
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The ocean plays an important role in modulating the mass balance of the polar ice sheets by interacting with the ice shelves in Antarctica and with the marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland. Given that the flux of warm water onto the continental shelf and into the sub-ice cavities is steered by complex bathymetry, a detailed topography data set is an essential ingredient for models that address ice-ocean interaction. We followed the spirit of the global RTopo-1 data set and compiled consistent maps of global ocean bathymetry, upper and lower ice surface topographies and global surface height on a spherical grid with now 30-arc seconds resolution. We used the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO_2014) as the backbone and added the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean version 3 (IBCAOv3) and the International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO) version 1. While RTopo-1 primarily aimed at a good and consistent representation of the Antarctic ice sheet, ice shelves and sub-ice cavities, RTopo-2 now also contains ice topographies of the Greenland ice sheet and outlet glaciers. In particular, we aimed at a good representation of the fjord and shelf bathymetry surrounding the Greenland continent. We corrected data from earlier gridded products in the areas of Petermann Glacier, Hagen Bræ and Sermilik Fjord assuming that sub-ice and fjord bathymetries roughly follow plausible Last Glacial Maximum ice flow patterns. For the continental shelf off northeast Greenland and the floating ice tongue of Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier at about 79° N, we incorporated a high-resolution digital bathymetry model considering original multibeam survey data for the region. Radar data for surface topographies of the floating ice tongues of Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier and Zachariæ Isstrøm have been obtained from the data centers of Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Operation Icebridge (NASA/NSF) and Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI). For the Antarctic ice sheet/ice shelves, RTopo-2 largely relies on the Bedmap-2 product but applies corrections for the geometry of Getz, Abbot and Fimbul ice shelf cavities. The data set is available in full and in regional subsets in NetCDF format from the PANGAEA database at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.856844.
Brine migration along vertical pathways due to CO2 injection – a simulated case study in the North German Basin with stakeholder involvement
Authors: Kissinger Alexander , Noack Vera , Knopf Stefan , Konrad Wilfried , Scheer Dirk , Class Holger
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Brine migration into potential drinking water aquifers due to the injection of CO2 into deep saline aquifers is one of the potential hazards associated with the Carbon Capture and Storage technology (CCS). Thus, in any site selection process, an important criterion should be the evaluation of brine migration resulting from the injection. We follow an interdisciplinary approach using participatory modeling to incorporate stakeholder opinion at an early stage in order to discuss and evaluate model conception and relevant scenarios for brine migration. The basis for this approach is a realistic (but not real) on-shore site in the North German Basin with characteristic geological features for that region. Our model fully couples flow in shallow and in deep saline aquifers including variable-density transport of salt and a realistic description of the top surface boundary conditions with groundwater recharge and rivers. We investigate different scenarios to identify relevant system components. Further, different model simplifications are compared and discussed with respect to the relevant physical processes and the expected data availability, i.e. to find a model as complex as necessary and as simple as possible. It becomes clear that the initial salt distribution plays a key role as to where noticeable concentration changes may occur. Also the boundary conditions are important for determining the amount of vertically displaced brine. Simplifications in the model setup, such as neglecting variable-density flow or simplifying the complex geometry may prove valid options given sparse data availability.
COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF COLLABORATION IN 3D VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Juřík V. , Herman L. , Kubíček P. , Stachoň Z. , Šašinka Č.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Human-computer interaction has entered the 3D era. The most important models representing spatial information — maps — are transferred into 3D versions regarding the specific content to be displayed. Virtual worlds (VW) become promising area of interest because of possibility to dynamically modify content and multi-user cooperation when solving tasks regardless to physical presence. They can be used for sharing and elaborating information via virtual images or avatars. Attractiveness of VWs is emphasized also by possibility to measure operators’ actions and complex strategies. Collaboration in 3D environments is the crucial issue in many areas where the visualizations are important for the group cooperation. Within the specific 3D user interface the operators' ability to manipulate the displayed content is explored regarding such phenomena as situation awareness, cognitive workload and human error. For such purpose, the VWs offer a great number of tools for measuring the operators’ responses as recording virtual movement or spots of interest in the visual field. Study focuses on the methodological issues of measuring the usability of 3D VWs and comparing them with the existing principles of 2D maps. We explore operators’ strategies to reach and interpret information regarding the specific type of visualization and different level of immersion.
ANALYSIS OF VISUAL INTERPRETATION OF SATELLITE DATA
Authors: Svatonova H.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Millions of people of all ages and expertise are using satellite and aerial data as an important input for their work in many different fields. Satellite data are also gradually finding a new place in education, especially in the fields of geography and in environmental issues. The article presents the results of an extensive research in the area of visual interpretation of image data carried out in the years 2013 - 2015 in the Czech Republic. The research was aimed at comparing the success rate of the interpretation of satellite data in relation to a) the substrates (to the selected colourfulness, the type of depicted landscape or special elements in the landscape) and b) to selected characteristics of users (expertise, gender, age). The results of the research showed that (1) false colour images have a slightly higher percentage of successful interpretation than natural colour images, (2) colourfulness of an element expected or rehearsed by the user (regardless of the real natural colour) increases the success rate of identifying the element (3) experts are faster in interpreting visual data than non-experts, with the same degree of accuracy of solving the task, and (4) men and women are equally successful in the interpretation of visual image data.
GEOMATICS FOR SMART CITIES: OBTAINING THE URBAN PLANNING BAF INDEX FROM EXISTING DIGITAL MAPS
Authors: Casella V. , Franzini M. , De Lotto R.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The urban analytics expression is spreading out. To our understanding, it deals with the capability of measuring cities and their communities, as a support to their effective planning and management. In other words, being an analytically well-known city is a precondition for pursuing smartness. Urban planning is a very important item for city management and is interrelated with many layers, including urban environmental quality, air quality and well-being. Effective urban planning is based on the knowledge of quantitative parameters such as the biotope area factor (BAF), which was originally proposed for the city of Berlin and is currently used in other cities. The BAF index is used to evaluate the degree of soil permeability and measures, to a certain extent and from a specific point of view, how a city is eco-friendly. The usual way of evaluating the BAF is based on the manual construction of dedicated maps, using existing orthophotos and oblique imagery as a support. But this method is expensive, time-consuming and non-objective, as it is prone to different interpretations. The paper presents a newly-developed methodology for calculating the BAF. It is based on the use of existing digital cartography and on the application of geoprocessing techniques from GIS science: it is therefore fully automated and objective. The Pavia city (Northern Italy) is used as a testsite and a careful validation of the developed methodology is carried out, by comparison to 12 manually surveyed test areas, corresponding to 5% of the built-up areas of the municipality.
ESTIMATION OF HOUSING VACANCY DISTRIBUTIONS: BASIC BAYESIAN APPROACH USING UTILITY DATA
Authors: Kumagai K. , Matsuda Y. , Ono Y.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In this study, we analyze the quality of water hydrant data for estimating housing vacancies based on their spatial relationships with the other geographical data that we consider are correlated with such vacancies. We compare with in-situ vacant house data in several small districts, thus verifying the applicability of the water hydrant data to the detection of vacant houses. Through applying Bayesian approach, we apply the water hydrant data and other geographical data to repeatedly Bayesian updating for the classification of vacant / no vacant houses. We discuss the results of this classification using the temporal intervals associated with turning off metering, fluctuations in local population density, the densities of water hydrants as indicators of vacancies and several other geographical data. We also conduct the feasibility study on visualisation for the estimation results of housing vacancy distributions derived from the fine spatial resolution data.
Characteristics of ground motion and threshold values for colluvium slope displacement induced by heavy rainfall: a case study in northern Taiwan
Authors: Jeng Ching-Jiang , Sue Dar-Zen
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The Huafan University campus is located in the Ta-lun Shan area in northern Taiwan, which is characterized by a dip slope covered by colluvium soil of various depths. For slope disaster prevention, a monitoring system was constructed that consisted of inclinometers, tiltmeters, crack gages, groundwater level observation wells, settlement and displacement observation marks, rebar strain gages, concrete strain gages, and rain gages. The monitoring data derived from hundreds of settlement and displacement observation marks were analyzed and compared with the displacement recorded by inclinometers. The analysis results revealed that the maximum settlement and displacement were concentrated on the areas around the Hui-Tsui, Zhi-An, and Wu-Ming buildings and coincided with periods of heavy rainfall. The computer program STABL was applied for slope stability analysis and modeling of slope failure. For prevention of slope instability, a drainage system and tieback anchors with additional stability measures were proposed to discharge excess groundwater following rainfall. Finally, threshold value curves of rainfall based on slope displacement were proposed. The curves can be applied for predicting slope stability when typhoons are expected to bring heavy rainfall and should be significant in slope disaster prevention.
Saint and Sinner: Women in Christianity
Authors: C. Phan Peter
Published: June 2016

Within the overall theme of women and the feminine in world religions this essay focuses on the role of women in Christianity, with particular emphasis on Roman Catholicism. The juxtaposition of “saint” and “sinner” in its title illustrates the complexity and equivocity of Christianity’s attitude towards women. Like most other religions, Christianity has a longstanding and ingrained ambivalence if not overt hostility toward women and the feminine. This ambiguity is enshrined in the dominance of two symbols of femininity in Christian history: Eve the primordial sinner and Mary the paradigmatic saint. Christianity inherits the Hebrew myth of Eve as one who is “created second and sinned first” (Gen 2:22; 3:6) and develops it into an anthropology in which woman is doubly subjected to man, in two respects, by nature (“created second”) and by punishment (“sinned first”). By contrast, Mary is exalted as the Mother of God, in whom the twin ideals of womanhood---virginity and motherhood---are perfectly realized. Consequently, one possible way to expound the Christian vision of womanhood and the feminine would be to examine the theology of womanhood underlying these two iconic figures. The disadvantage of this approach, however, is that it boxes itself within the patriarchal and hierarchical ideology which, though permeating the Christian tradition, would blind us to the monumental achievements of flesh-and-blood women, as individuals as well as collectives, to both church and society. A more helpful course is to look at Christian women as they live, move and have their being in history, and despite the enormous odds that would have crippled less hardy souls, have shaped the history of Christianity. Thus, in this article the author begins with a brief narrative of outstanding Christian women and the arenas in which they have made lasting contributions. Next he considers some key feminist theologies that have sought to break the stranglehold of patriarchy and androcentrism and to reconceive the church as a community of equal discipleship. Lastly, he examines women’s ordination, still a neuralgic issue for some Christian churches, as an example of where women’s struggle for equality is still ongoing.
Feminine Wisdom and the World-Soul
Authors: Quentin Florence
Published: June 2016

The exacerbation of the masculine at the sake of the Feminine may be the root-cause of the contemporary “disenchantment of the world.” Might it be that the only “way out” of this dead-end is for the feminine energy to be allowed once again to flow freely in our societies?
Faire de la place en soi pour l'autre: L'ouverture au féminin, une nécessité pour les religions du monde.
Authors: Vinson Eric
Published: June 2016

In this article, Eric Vinson revisits the symbolism of the Feminine, drawing from the teaching of the great spiritual traditions of the world and proposing a new definition of the feminine as “the capacity to make room in oneself for the other”.
Considerations for Choosing Appropriate Animal Models to Study Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Uwiera Richard R. E. , Uwiera Trina C. , Jiminez Janelle A. , Inglis G. Douglas
Published: June 2016

This article examines several animal models used to investigate mechanisms involved in the induction and progression of inflammatory bowel disease in people. The use of appropriate animal models to study intestinal inflammation requires careful consideration as each model has strengths and limitations for investigating disease, and no single model provides a complete understanding of the disease process. In as such, it compels researchers to carefully contemplate the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model, and to consider the process of choosing the best animal model(s) as an essential component of the experimental design.
Effect of Partial Root-Zone Drying Irrigation Technique (PRD) on the Total Dry Matter, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Potato under Tunisian Semi-Arid Conditions
Authors: Nouna Béchir Ben , Rezig Mourad , Bahrouni Hassouna , Ammar Haroun Ben
Published: June 2016

Three field experiments were conducted in the plot of Technical Centre for Potato and Artichoke during three cropping season  2009, 2010 and 2011.The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the partial root-zone drying irrigation technique (PRD) on the dry matter, yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of potato (Spunta Variety). Four treatments were applied from the initiation of tuberisation stage to potato harvesting: FI treatment received 100% of Etc; PRD80, PRD70, and PRD60 treatments received respectively: 80, 70 and 60% of FI at each irrigation event and it was shifted between the two sides of the plants every 2 to 10 days. The highest water consumption was observed in FI as 336.5, 376, and 341.8 mm in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively, and the lowest was found in PRD60 as 280.4, 294.5, and 256.1 mm in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. The maximum tuber yield was obtained from the FI as 25.6, 42.9 and 39.1 tha-1, in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. There was no significant difference between FI and PRD60 with respect to tuber yields (LSD 5%).The highest water use efficiency (WUEY) was found in PRD60 as 13.4 kg m-3, in the second experiment (2010) and the lowest was found in PRD80 as 6.8 kg m-3 in the first experiment (2009). In the other hand, a linear relation between the accumulated total dry matter and the accumulated water consumption was able to be revealed.
Genetic Variability and Phylogenetic Relationship of Pakistani Snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. Momordica) by Using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Rasool Ghulam , Jaskani Muhammad J. , Ullakh Amjad , Ahmad Rashid
Published: June 2016

Among the major cucurbit vegetables, Cucumis melo has one of the highest polymorphic fruit types and botanical varieties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity among different genotypes of Snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. Momordica) collected from all the four provinces of Pakistan. In this study, 18 microsatellite markers were tested on Snapmelon germplasm which yielded valuable information about the genetic relationships among 40 Snapmelon accessions. The mean PIC value of the markers ranged from 0.3706 to 0.8247. For establishing data matrix, an auto radiogram was visually scored for the presence (1) or absence (0) of polymorphic bands. Assessments of genetic relationship among the genotypes were done by cluster analysis, using POPgen software. The genetic analysis through principle coordinate analysis (PCA) and dendrogram showed that the wild accessions were distinguished from all domesticated accessions collected from various regions of the country. Genetic differentiation among the populations using molecular data indicated the importance of the study area for species conservation, genetic erosion estimation, and exploitation in breeding programs.
Analysis of Character Association of Quantitative Traits in Lupinus Species
Authors: Georgieva Natalia Anastasova , Kosev Valentin Ivanov
Published: June 2016

An evaluation of the agronomic performance of two lupin species (Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus) was conducted at the Institute of Forage Crops (Bulgaria) during 2012-2014. The hightest positive correlations among the agronomic traits in white lupin were between number of pods per plant and seed weight per plant (r = 0.956); plant height with pod stem length (r = 0.935) and pod length (r = 0.934); seed weight per plant and number of pods per plant (r = 0.956). In yellow lupin relatively high phenotypic correlations were detected between number of pods per plant and seed weight per plant (r = 0.956); seed weight per plant and number of pods (r = 0.875) and number of seeds per plant (r = 0.927). Collecting data on the mutual relationships among individual yield components and their effect on the yield remains crucial for their optimisation and development of improved lupin genotypes with high quality and stable yields. Based on the trait associations it can be concluded that lupin breeders should pay attention to the traits such as pod length, number of seeds per plant and 1000 seeds mass when selecting high-yielding genotypes.
Laboratory Populations: Is It Representative for Bioassays in Relation to Field Populations of Oriental Fruit Moth?
Authors: Teixeira Rosangela , Monteiro Lino B. , Guiloski Izonete C. , Assis Helena C. Silva de , Zanatta Anderson E.
Published: June 2016

The use of laboratory insects for physiological studies, both genetic and toxicological, has become very common, but the continuous strains available in the laboratory for several generations without the insertion of genetic material can change the wild phenotypic and behavioral characteristics of the population compared with the field population. The aim of this research was to evaluate susceptility of field and laboratory Oriental Fruit Moth populations with the insecticide, based in toxicological, biochemical, and physicochemical characteristics. Experiments were conducted with four groups of chemical insecticides serving as chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, deltamethrin, and tebufenozide, with seven concentrations defined after pilot testing. Thereafter, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was evaluated. It was possible to detect differences between populations with regard to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos insecticides. The infrared analysis showed that the populations were distinct from each other, and they exhibit high activity of GST and AchE. The populations from both the field and the laboratory are different in their susceptibility to insecticides.
Combining Ability and Heterosis for Grain Yield and Rust Resistance in Pearl Millet
Authors: Lubadde G. , Tongoona P. , Derera J. , Sibiya J.
Published: June 2016

 

Pearl millet is a dual-purpose crop in semi-arid zones of Uganda. However, no studies have been conducted to determine the gene effects for yield and yield-related traits and rust resistance in these environments; yet this knowledge is important in improving grain yield and rust resistance. A North Carolina II mating design was adopted to study the genetic effects for rust resistance and yield-related traits of improved pearl millet genotypes. The experimental design to study the objectives was alpha in two [locations, seasons and replications]. A higher proportion of general combining ability (GCA) effect was observed for grain yield, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, flower-anthesis interval, days to 50% physiological maturity, plant height, total tiller number, number of productive tillers, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, leaf area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. The specific combining ability (SCA) effect was predominant for area under disease progress curve. Eleven hybrids performed better than the best male parent and five crosses performed better than the best female parent for grain yield while all the fifteen selected best crosses performed better than all parents for area under disease progress curve. Ten crosses were more resistant to rust than the best male parent and all the crosses were more resistant to rust than the female parents. The additive gene action was predominant for grain yield, rust severity at 50% physiological maturity, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, total tiller number, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, harvest index and leaf area. High better-parent heterosis was also observed for most traits including grain yield and rust resistance. The traits were also characterized by relatively low levels of narrow sense heritability.
Harmony, Law and Criminal Reconciliation in China: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Pei Wei
Published: June 2016

Harmony, Law and Criminal Reconciliation in China: A Historical Perspective

In 2012, China revised its Criminal Procedure Law (2012 CPL). One of the major changes is its official approval of the use of victim-offender reconciliation, or ‘criminal reconciliation’ in certain public prosecution cases. This change, on the one hand, echoes the Confucian doctrine that favours harmonious inter-personal relationships and mediation, while, on the other hand, it deviates from the direction of legal reforms dating from the 1970s through the late 1990s. Questions have emerged concerning not only the cause of this change in legal norms but also the proper position of criminal reconciliation in the current criminal justice system in China. The answers to these questions largely rely on understanding the role of traditional informal dispute resolution as well as its interaction with legal norms. Criminal reconciliation in ancient China functioned as a means to centralise imperial power by decentralizing decentralising its administration. Abolishing or enabling such a mechanism in law is merely a small part of the government’s strategy to react to political or social crises and to maintain social stability. However, its actual effect depends on the vitality of Confucianism, which in turn relies on the economic foundation and corresponding structure of society.