bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELACIÓN ENTRE PROBLEMAS PSICOSOCIALES Y TRASTORNOS PSICOLÓGICOS EN ADOLESCENTES DE SANTO DOMINGO, ECUADOR
Authors: Castelo Rivas Walter Patricio , Quispe López Jairo Javier , Aveiga Rojas Jexy Mayerly , Gonzales Simancas Mayerly Elizabeth , Cueva Toaquiza Jesica Liliana
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: América Latina enfrentan diversos problemas sociales como el trabajo infantil, la discriminación y la pobreza. La UNICEF y la OMS han implementado medidas para abordar los desafíos psicosociales que enfrentan los adolescentes, como el bullying y el consumo de drogas. OBJETIVO: Analizar la relación entre las características sociodemográficas, factores psicosociales y problemas psicológicos en adolescentes de unidades educativas de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal de alcance correlacional, con una muestra de 1960 adolescentes desde octavo hasta tercero de bachillerato; se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia y se recolectó la información mediante la aplicación de las encuestas individuales en abril y mayo del 2022; utilizando el coeficiente de Sperman mediante SPSS. Previo a la encuesta se procedió a recabar los consentimientos informados legalizados por los representantes de los alumnos. RESULTADOS: La probabilidad de experimentar estrés y depresión aumenta entre los 14 y 16 años; además, uno de los principales factores de riesgo es el sexo femenino, dado que enfrenta un nivel de estrés significativamente mayor en un 48%. Por otro lado, uno de los factores de riesgo para desarrollar depresión es el uso de las redes sociales debido a que el 13,9% de los adolescentes que las usan padecen de depresión. CONCLUSIONES: Los problemas psicológicos como el estrés y la depresión son frecuentes entre los adolescentes y están relacionados con el consumo de drogas, el acoso escolar, el uso de redes sociales y la dinámica familiar.
SUSCEPTIBILIDADES AL REFUERZO (INMEDIATO Y DEMORADO) Y AL CASTIGO ANTICIPADO COMO PREDICTORES DE LA PROCRASTINACIÓN IRRACIONAL
Authors: Padrós Blazquez Ferrán , Guzmán Barrera María Elena , Reynoso González Oscar Ulises
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN. En diversos estudios se han reportado relaciones positivas entre procrastinación Irracional (PI) y la impulsividad, aspecto que podría considerarse un rasgo de susceptibilidad al refuerzo inmediato. Por otro lado, la teoría de la susceptibilidad al refuerzo y al castigo propuesta por Gray, ha sido revisada, y se han sugerido subcategorías, como susceptibilidad al refuerzo, inmediato y demorado, así como susceptibilidad al castigo inmediato y anticipado, variables que solo han sido estudiadas en relación con la PI en una sola ocasión. OBJETIVO. Estudiar la relación entre la PI y la susceptibilidad al refuerzo inmediato y demorado, y la susceptibilidad al castigo anticipado. METODOLOGÍA. Se administró la Escala de Procrastinación Irracional (EPI), la Escala de Susceptibilidad al Castigo Anticipado (ESCA) y la Escala de Susceptibilidad al Refuerzo Inmediato y Demorado (ESRID) a una muestra de 960 alumnos universitarios. RESULTADOS. Destaca que, en el modelo de regresión, los tres factores de las dos escalas resultaron significativos y predijeron la procrastinación irracional explicando un 23% de la varianza. CONCLUSIÓN. Aquellos factores que aluden claramente a la susceptibilidad al refuerzo demorado o castigo anticipado se relacionan negativamente con la procrastinación. En cambio, cuando la susceptibilidad al refuerzo o castigo alude a corto plazo, la relación es positiva.
Performance of residual potato starch as depressant in the direct anionic flotation of phosphate ore
Authors: Carneiro Amanda Aparecida , Santos Adriele Mércia Alves , Alves João Victor da Silva , Oliveira Michelly dos Santos , Guimarães Junior Mario
Published: May 2024

The search for environmentally friendly reagents with high efficiency, high selectivity, and low cost has intensified in the mining sector in recent years. The use of depressants from alternative and renewable sources is an option to be considered. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of residual potato starch pulp (RPSP) generated by the food industry as a depressant in phosphate ore flotation by comparing its performance with that of commercial, waxy corn starch (CWCS), rich in amylopectin. To this end, eight flotation tests were performed in duplicate using the Denver mechanical cell. The results showed significant variations for flotation in the collector dosage and starch-type parameters. The increase from 150 to 350 g/t in the collector dosage promoted an approximately 18% increase in metallurgical recovery using 500 g/t of RPSP starch (an increase from 73.09% to 86.16%). The response optimization statistical tool showed that RPSP and collector dosages should be 500 and 226.77 g/t, respectively, to maximize the P2O5 content and metallurgical recovery. These results suggest that it is feasible to use RPSP in phosphate ore flotation, opening new fields of investigation regarding the use of more accessible and economical depressants.
O perfil empreendedor de mulheres que conduzem seu próprio negócio na cidade de Janaúba/MG
Authors: Souza Cleber Roberto , Rabelo Anamaria Azevedo Lafetá
Published: May 2024

A presente pesquisa tem como foco central o estudo do perfil da mulher empreendedora de Janaúba/MG, buscando descobrir quem ela é, suas características, a área em que atua, sua escolaridade, formação acadêmica e compreender sua situação familiar. O objetivo da pesquisa foi apresentar as características do perfil das empreendedoras do município de Janaúba/MG. A metodologia aplicada foi uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa e com procedimentos do levantamento de campo (survey). A coleta de dados foi feita através de questionários aplicados às empreendedoras do município de Janaúba/MG e dados estatísticos disponibilizados pelo SEBRAE e Governo Federal. Como resultado deste projeto, constatou-se que as características melhores avaliadas pelas empreendedoras foram sua Determinação, sua Independência e sua Capacidade de Tomar Decisões importantes para o negócio. Já as características de Rede de Contatos (Networking) e Disposição para Assumir Riscos receberam baixas avaliações. Um achado importante da pesquisa foi o alto número de empreendedoras sem qualificação/formação na área de gestão de negócios (58,3%).
Efeito da folga financeira no desempenho econômico e financeiro de empresas brasileiras na crise da COVID-19
Authors: Moura Franciele de , Gobbato Marcio , Silva Givanildo , Leite Maurício , Jacoski Claudio Alcides , Trindade Larissa de Lima
Published: May 2024

O efeito da folga financeira no desempenho econômico de empresas têm sido alvo de diversos estudos, apresentando ao longo do progresso resultados flutuantes. Visando contribuir com a ampliação do conhecimento acerca do tema, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o efeito da folga financeira no desempenho econômico e financeiro de empresas brasileiras durante a crise da Covid-19. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa descritiva, documental e com abordagem quantitativa. A população compreendeu o conjunto de empresas brasileiras de capital aberto ativas e listadas na B3 (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão) no período de 2018 a 2021, totalizando 123 empresas. Teste de médias, apontam que as empresas não sofrem perda de desempenho no período durante-Covid-19 comparativamente ao período de pré-Covid-19 e a folga tende a manter-se maior em períodos recessivos, visando as empresas superarem tempos difíceis. Quanto aos achados vinculados as regressões lineares têm-se que nos modelos operacionalizados, a folga financeira demonstrou-se positivamente relacionada ao desempenho econômico e financeiro, quando este é atrelado ao valor de mercado das corporações. No entanto, a folga financeira demonstrou-se negativamente relacionada ao desempenho econômico e financeiro, quanto este é atrelado ao retorno do patrimônio líquido.
Os núcleos de acessibilidade pedagógica nas instituições do ensino superior na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Guerra Gleidis Roberta , Alves Carla Batista , Julio Carolina Mota
Published: May 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é uma condição de origem neurobiológica, com alto impacto na funcionalidade das pessoas que sofrem devido as suas alterações que mesmo na idade adulta podem interferir no seu desenvolvimento acadêmico. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender a atuação de Núcleos de Acessibilidade Pedagógica em Instituições de Ensino Superior no Município de São Paulo ao atendimento dos universitários com dificuldade de aprendizagem. METODOLOGIA:  Foi realizada uma pesquisa nos sites de dez instituições de ensino superior a fim de identificar quais instituições apresentam informações sobre os Núcleos de Acessibilidade Pedagógica para atendimento a alunos com TDAH e verificar a forma de atuação destes núcleos. A pesquisa foi do tipo exploratória, descritiva e de natureza qualitativa, envolvendo revisão narrativa da literatura. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que das dez instituições pesquisadas, 70% delas constam informações em seus sites sobre um núcleo de acessibilidade e 30% delas não foram encontradas informações sobre a existências do mesmo. Em relação a forma de inscrição verificamos que 30% podem ser realizadas por telefones, 40% pelo próprio site e 30% não possuem informações. CONCLUSÃO: Diante do público atendido percebemos que existem diferenças entre as instituições pesquisadas, no entanto elas se igualam pelo fato de atenderem a estudantes com transtornos de aprendizagem. Percebemos ainda que existe uma fragilidade dos universitários sobre o conhecimento deste meio de apoio pedagógico e o quanto a sua existência pode ser de grande valia para desenvolvimento acadêmico. Concluímos ainda que as limitações presentes nos universitários com TDAH podem influenciar tanto no sentido cognitivo quanto no nível acadêmico, o que gera a necessidade de desenvolver novas estratégias e projetos que auxiliem no desenvolvimento acadêmico deste alunado, visando a diversidade e heterogeneidade do corpo discente, em vista a uma educação de qualidade para todos e uma sociedade mais inclusiva.
Risk Factors for Deranged Renal Function in Term Asphyxiated Newborn Babies: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Thite Piyusha Raju , Dhande Leena Ajay
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). As the kidneys are very sensitive to hypoxia, renal insufficiency can occur within 24 hours of a hypoxic insult and may lead to irreversible injury. Aim: To evaluate risk factors for impaired renal function in term asphyxiated newborn babies in a tertiary care hospital located in Central India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), IGGMC and Mayo Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, Central India, from October 2020 to September 2022. A total of 95 term neonates with perinatal asphyxia were enrolled. Risk factors were noted, urine output was recorded, and neonates were classified according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Data were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0 to determine the significance of each risk factor for AKI. Continuous variables were compared using the unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U Test (when datasets were not normally distributed). Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s-exact test. Results: Out of 95 neonates, comprising 53 males and 42 females with a mean gestational age of 38.6 weeks in the AKI group and 34 weeks in the non AKI group, 58 (61.1%) had AKI; 15 (25.86%) were AKI stage 1, 28 (48.27%) were AKI stage 2, and 15 (25.86%) were AKI stage 3. Among the risk factors, significant perinatal risk factors included Meconium-Stained Liquor (MSL) (p-value=0.0252), oligohydramnios (p-value=0.0246), prolonged labour (p-value=0.0276), and endotracheal tube (ETT) intubation as a mode of resuscitation (p-value=0.0008). Maternal risk factors such as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (p-value=0.0488) and Pregnancy-induced Hypertension (PIH) (p-value=0.0392) were significant. Neonatal shock (p-value=0.001) and Hypoxic- ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) (p-value=0.0049) were significant risk factors for AKI in this study. Conclusion: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the common causes of neonatal mortality, with AKI being the earliest and most common complication as seen in the current study, where 61.1% of neonates with perinatal asphyxia had AKI. By early detection and prevention of risk factors causing AKI in perinatal asphyxia, neonatal mortality can be reduced significantly.
Extra-Lymphatic Filariasis: A Study of Three Interesting Cases
Authors: Badak Yogesh Vishnu , Yadav Anuja Arjun , Bari Vaibhav Bhika , Bholay Sandhya Unmesh , Gholap Prachi Bhaskar
Published: May 2024

Filariasis is a chronic disabling parasitic disease that causes a major public health problem in tropical countries like India. Wuchereria bancrofti is associated with almost 99.4% of cases. Filariasis not only affects the structure and function of lymphatic vessels but is also associated with extra-lymphatic pathology and diseases. Lymphatic filariasis is commonly found throughout the tropics and subtropics. While lymph nodes are the common sites, unusual sites include the breast, spleen, subcutaneous tissue, thyroid, bone marrow, urinary tract, sputum, bronchial washing, pleural and pericardial fluid. Patients from endemic areas presenting with swelling should be evaluated for filariasis. Here in present case series, the authors discussed three cases: filariasis of the breast with fibroadenoma, soft-tissue nodule, and splenic lesions, due to their extreme rarity and unusual sites. In the first case, 20 years old female patient presented with a lump in the left breast. The complete blood cell (CBC) revealed eosinophilia, but peripheral smears did not show the presence of microfilariae. On Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), smears showed Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria in the background of fibroadenoma. The patient was treated with Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) for 21 days. Repeat CBC revealed a decrease in the absolute eosinophil count. Lumpectomy for fibroadenoma was performed, which showed fragments (dead) of the microfilarial parasite. The association of filariasis with fibroadenoma is possibly due to pre-existing subclinical filariasis when the neoplasm developed, as the patient hails from an endemic area. Filariasis presenting as a soft-tissue nodule is an uncommon incidence. In the second case discussed here, 30 years old female patient had soft-tissue swelling over the left elbow. Peripheral smear only revealed eosinophilia without any parasites. On FNAC, smears showed Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria, along with lymphoid cells and a few eosinophils. The swelling subsided with DEC treatment, and repeat CBC showed a decrease in the absolute eosinophil count. The third case discussed here, involved an unknown 35 years old male, who was brought dead to the hospital. No clinical details were available. On autopsy, the spleen showed multiple white patches, ranging in size from 0.2 to 0.5 cm in diameter. All other organs were unremarkable. Microscopy showed many granulomas and numerous dead fragmented microfilariae. It was a case of isolated splenic filariasis, which is a rarely diagnosed entity. These unique cases will raise awareness of diagnosing and instituting proper therapy.
Beyond "Blind Spots": Illuminating Financial Pathways for Thriving Agrotourism as a Family Business
Authors: Dalve Kishor Baburao , Shastri Pravin Govind , Korade Ashok Maruti , Motdhare Abhishek Anant
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This scientific research study aims to highlight the management of blind spots in agrotourism with the clear goal of helping farmers by offering them useful financial ratio analysis.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Conducted in-depth interviews with agrotourism owners and conducted a comprehensive review of existing academic literature, industry reports, and government publications on financial management in family-run businesses and agrotourism.
Findings: By acknowledging and addressing core "blind spots," family-run agrotourism businesses can cultivate a culture of financial awareness and proactive planning. The project appears to have a benefit-cost ratio (1.478) that is positive, meaning that benefits exceed expenses. Given the high internal rate of return (45.56%), the investment may out to be quite beneficial. The project's financial viability is further supported by the profitability index (1.37), which is higher than 1.
Practical Implication: We have analyzed financial ratios, such as profitability index, benefit cost ratio, payback period ratio, current ratio, net profit margin, fixed turnover assets ratio, Internal rate of return, working capital turnover ratio, return on investment, gross margin etc. to assess the profitability and performance of the agrotourism. In order to maximize revenue from agrotourism, we monitored a number of factors before calculating break-even analysis. These included financial risks, profitable revenue streams, and seasonal variations in demand and income during off-peak seasons, off-farm income, and operating costs. This type of all analysis useful for avoid blind spots in agrotourism.
Originality/Value: Offering concrete strategies and frameworks tailored to family agrotourism business can directly benefit practitioners, enhancing their financial resilience and contributing to business success.
Exploring the Habits of Taking Photos in Class among College Students Majoring in Mathematics
Authors: Pang Huilin , Tao Jianing , Yang Zezhong
Published: May 2024

With the development of College teaching and learning, some students majoring in mathematics have switched to using electronic devices to take photos instead of notes for recording. The purpose of this research is to explore the causes of this phenomenon. Research on this phenomenon can help improve students' learning and teachers' teaching in class. The research method used in this study is the interview method and interviewees are the undergraduates majoring in mathematics who have the habit of taking photos in class. The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows: (1) Taking photos is not satisfactory for learning. (2) The phenomenon can be attributed to the following factors: In terms of students, firstly, their learning concept is utilitarian and their learning motivation is weak. Secondly, some students are lazy about taking notes on non-exam content. Thirdly, some students have difficulty understanding the knowledge in class. Lastly, taking notes by hand is not organized. In terms of teachers, their lectures are too fast and illogical. In other aspects, taking photos has the advantage of clarity and convenience. Furthermore, students who take photos will subconsciously motivate other students to take photos in class. Based on the above analysis, in order to improve this phenomenon, it is suggested to improve students' note-taking ability, change students' learning concepts and improve teachers' information-based teaching level.
Effects of Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) on Biological Systems
Authors: Pawar Madhuri G. , Martin Reymend Encily
Published: May 2024

Electromagnetic Field (EMF) is a natural phenomenon; however, anthropogenic activities have significantly shifted its equilibrium, leading to potential deleterious effects on biological systems. As technology becomes more integrated into daily life, the increased use of electronic devices has contributed to a rise in man-made EMF exposure. This exposure can affect biological systems on physiological and molecular levels, raising concerns about its potential effects on animal development, reproductive systems, and overall ecosystem health. The review explores the physiological effects of exposure to static, extremely low-frequency (ELF), and radiofrequency (RF) fields, analyzing how EMF impacts oxidative stress, reproductive physiology, cardiovascular function, brain and nervous system activity, and DNA/RNA integrity. It also acknowledges the emerging concern of EMF in aquatic environments, where underwater power supplies and extensive underwater cable networks are sources of EMF exposure that may affect marine and freshwater species. The potential effects on marine life include disruptions to migratory patterns, altered reproductive cycles, and changes in aquatic biodiversity. The review acknowledges that research on EMF has improved over time, but significant gaps and information remain. It emphasizes the need for immediate attention to address the challenges and opportunities in this field.
The Impact of Varying Levels of Tectona grandis Leafmeal on the Performance of Broiler Chickens
Authors: O.T Daramola , E.O Arire , P. Acheneje
Published: May 2024

This study assessed the impact of varying levels of Tectona grandis leafmeal (TGLM) dietary supplementation on the performance of broiler chickens. A basal diet divided into four portions designated diet 1 (the control) and diets 2, 3 and 4 supplemented with 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%, respectively. One hundred and forty four broiler chicks were randomly assigned to the four experimental diets (36 birds per diet; 9 birds per replicate) using a Completely Randomized Design. At the finisher phase the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the birds fed 0.2 and 0.6% TGLM supplemented diets was better (P<0.05) than those fed control diet and 0.4% TGLM supplemented diets. Serum cholesterol concentration was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the birds fed 0.4 and 0.6% TGLM supplemented diets compared to control diet. The catalase concentration in the birds fed 0.4 and 0.6% TGLM supplemented diets were (P<0.05) higher than those birds fed control diet and 0.2% TGLM supplemented diets while the glutathione peroxidase concentration in the birds fed 0.4% TGLM supplemented diets was higher (P<0.05) than those fed control diet, 0.2 and 0.6% TGLM supplemented diet. The lipid peroxidation in the birds fed 0.6% TGLM supplemented diets was (P<0.05) significantly lower compared to the control diet, 0.2% and 0.4% TGLM supplemented diets. The live-weight of the birds fed 0.4 and 0.6% TGLM supplemented diet was higher (P<0.05) than those fed control diet and 0.2% TGLM supplemented diets. The colour score of birds fed 0.4% TGLM supplemented diets was higher (P<0.05) than those fed other diets. The overall acceptability score thigh meat of birds fed 0.4% TGLM supplemented diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to other experimental diets. It was concluded that TGLM supplementation in this study has phytochemicals of health benefits and possess antioxidant properties.
Studies on Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Mishra Sumit Kumar , Surin Supriya Supal , Verma Nutan , Bhargaw Piyush Kumar , Kumari Manisha , Mishra Deepak Kumar
Published: May 2024

A study was undertaken to analyse the genetic variability, correlation and estimates path coefficient analysis of yield and yield contributing traits in twenty-eight wheat genotypes grown at BAU Agricultural Farm, ranchi during Rabi season of 2019-2020 in three different dates of sowing with an interval of 15 days which is considered as three environments E1, E2, E3. In this investigation the pooled analysis of variance revealed that the treatments were highly significant for all the characters. Wide genetic variation was observed among genotypes for plant height, number of grains per spike, 1000 kernel weight, days to maturity and flag leaf area. Considering genetic parameters, high genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV), was observed for 1000 kernel weight (11.95), no of grains per spike (12.73), flag leaf area (13.74), spike length (15.83), grain yield per plant (17.64), no of effective tillers (18.38) Whereas, low GCV was observed for plant height (3.49), days to 50% flowering (1.46), days to maturity (2.54) and harvest index (6.90). In most of the cases, phenotypic variances were higher than the genotypic variances. Environmental variance is much higher in harvest index (35.64), days to 50% flowering (33.47). low environmental variance was observed in plant height (16.75), flag leaf area (10.29), days to maturity (13.93), no of grains per spike (14.07), spike length (0.49) and biological yield (35.64). High heritability with low genetic advance in per cent of mean was observed for plant height, days to maturity, days to 50% flowering & harvest index which indicated the involvement of non-additive gene action for the expression of this character and selection for such trait might not be rewarding. High heritability with high genetic advance in per cent of mean was observed for grain yield per plant (27.73), no of grains per spike (20.93), 1000 kernel weight (23.58) and no of effective tillers (27.91) indicating that these traits were under additive gene control and selection for genetic improvement for these traits would be effective. Biological yield had high positive and significant correlation with plant height, number of effective tillers and number of grains per spike. Path coefficient analysis revealed maximum direct contribution towards yield per plot with sheath length followed by grains per spike.
Decadal Performance of Major Kharif Pulse Crops in Madhya Pradesh: In Context of Growth, Decomposition and Instability Analysis
Authors: Balai Harkesh Kumar , Bairwa Kailash Chand , Kumar Sanjiv , Meena P. C. , Meena Sarita
Published: May 2024

The study purpose examined the growth, decomposition and instability of major kharif pulses i. e. pigeon pea, green gram and black gram in Madhya Pradesh. The study was based on secondary data. The data of area, production, and productivity of selected pulse crops have been taken for 30 years from 1992-93 to 2021-22. The study period was divided into four periods i.e. period-I (1992-93 to 2001-02), period-II (2002-03 to 2011-12), period- III (2012-13 to 2021-22) and overall period (1992-93 to 2021-22). Three different analyses had been carried out in the study viz. (a) Compound annual growth rates, (b) Decomposition analysis and (c) Instability analysis. It was revealed from the outcomes that during the entire study period, a mixed growth pattern was observed in the area, production and productivity of pigeon pea and green gram while significant and positive growth was noticed in area, production and productivity of black gram with the magnitude of 4.31, 6.19 and 1.80 percent, respectively in Madhya Pradesh. During overall study period, area expansion was major instrument to increase the production of pigeon pea and black gram. The highest variability was noticed production of all selected crops during period – I, II, III and entire study period.
Soğuk Savaş Döneminde Savunma İttifakı Olarak NATO’nun Kurulması ve Türkiye’nin Üyeliğine Giden Yol
Authors: Kostak Ercan
Published: May 2024

NATO, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında ekonomik ve siyasi bakımdan çökmüş hâlde olan Avrupa’da, ABD-SSCB mücadelesinin sürdüğü bir zamanda ülkelerin güvenliklerinin sağlamasına yönelik olarak Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nde ortaya çıkmıştır. 1947-1952 yılları arası dönemde güvenlik endişesi ve iktisadi yardım konuları Türkiye’nin dış politikasına derin etkiler yapmış, Truman Doktrini ve Marshall Yardımları Türkiye’nin NATO üyeliğine giden süreci hızlandırmıştır. CHP ve DP Hükümetleri döneminde, güvenlik dış politikada en önemli konu olmuştur. NATO üyeliği için CHP iktidarında harekete geçilmiş, DP iktidarında Kore Savaşı’nın yol açtığı ağır bedel ile gerçekleşmiştir. Türkiye’nin Jeostratejik konumunun yanı sıra NATO’ya dâhil olması uluslararası camiadaki önemini artırmıştır.
Alafranga Bir Kavramın Dönüşümü: Hariciyeciler ve “Monşer” Tartışması
Authors: Küçük Evren
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndan günümüze kadar kullanılan “monşer” kavramını araştırmaktır. Tarih ve Uluslararası İlişkiler alanyazında diplomatlara bakış açısı yüzeysel bir perspektifle tartışılmış fakat nedenleri üzerinde durulmamıştır. Söz konusu çalışma, “Monşer” kavramının nasıl bir dönüşüm geçirdiğine yönelik akademik bir katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde “Monşer” kavramının hangi anlamda kullanıldığı ve nasıl galatımeşhur bir kavram haline geldiği ele alınacaktır. İkinci bölüm Monşer kavramı niçin diplomatlara atfedilmektedir? sorusuna cevap aramaktadır. Son bölüm ise çeşitli perspektifler ile diplomatlara bakış açısı değerlendirilmektedir.
Fransızca kökenli Monşer nosyonu “azizim, dostum” ve “davranışlarında Batı özentisi içinde” olan kişi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Tanzimat Dönemi’nden itibaren bu kavram kullanılmış olsa da giderek Türk diplomatlarına karşı küçümseyici bir ifade haline gelmiştir. İmparatorluktan Cumhuriyet’e geçiş aşamasında da özellikle Osmanlı diplomatlarına karşı “ecnebiperest” kavramı kullanılmış ve zamanla yerini “monşer” ifadesine bırakmıştır. Bu çalışma günümüzde “monşer” kavramının galatımeşhur haline gelen bir kavram olduğunu ve zamanla züppe kelimesinin yerini aldığını iddia etmektedir.
Interaction of Zoospores of the Green Alga Ulva with Bioinspired Micro‐ and Nanostructured Surfaces Prepared by Polyelectrolyte Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembly
Authors: Cao Xinyu , Pettitt Michala E. , Wode Florian , Arpa Sancet Maria Pilar , Fu Jinhong , Ji Jian , Callow Maureen E. , Callow James A. , Rosenhahn Axel , Grunze Michael
Published: May 2010

The interaction of spores of Ulva with bioinspired structured surfaces in the nanometer–micrometer size range is investigated using a series of coatings with systematically varying morphology and chemistry, which allows separation of the contributions of morphology and surface chemistry to settlement (attachment) and adhesion strength. Structured surfaces are prepared by layer‐by‐layer spray‐coating deposition of polyelectrolytes. By changing the pH during application of oppositely charged poly(acrylic acid) and polyethylenimine polyelectrolytes, the surface structures are systematically varied, which allows the influence of morphology on the biological response to be determined. In order to discriminate morphological from chemical effects, surfaces are chemically modified with poly(ethylene glycol) and tridecafluoroctyltriethoxysilane. This chemical modification changes the water contact angles while the influence of the morphology is retained. The lowest level of settlement is observed for structures of the order 2 µm. All surfaces are characterized with respect to their wettability, chemical composition, and morphological properties by contact angle measurement, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
Domain Engineering of Lead‐Free Li‐Modified (K,Na)NbO3 Polycrystals with Highly Enhanced Piezoelectricity
Authors: Wang Ke , Li Jing‐Feng
Published: May 2010

Aging and re‐poling induced enhancement of piezoelectricity are found in (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN)‐based lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics. For a compositionally optimized Li‐doped composition, its piezoelectric coefficient d33 can be increased up to 324 pC N−1 even from a considerably high value (190 pC N−1) by means of a re‐poling treatment after room‐temperature aging. Such a high d33 value is only reachable in KNN ceramics with complicated modifications using Ta and Sb dopants. High‐angle X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals apparent changes in the crystallographic orientations related to a 90° domain switching before and after the aging and re‐poling process. A possible mechanism considering both defect migration and rotation of spontaneous polarization explains the experimental results. The present study provides a general approach towards piezoelectric response enhancement in KNN‐based piezoelectric ceramics.
Corn ethanol growth in the USA without adverse foreign land‐use change: defining limits and devising policies
Authors: Gallagher Paul W.
Published: May 2010

This study addresses the question: ‘How does a 15 billion gallon per year renewable fuel standard (RFS) compare to the capacity of the US corn market to generate necessary input supplies for the ethanol industry?’ The analysis accounts for adjustments in world corn and soybean markets, including corn technology improvements (yield increases) that allow substantial production growth on the existing corn area, and byproduct (DDG) replacement of displaced corn‐feed demand. Our midpoint estimate suggests that increased production on foreign lands only accounts for a small fraction (6%) of the RFS demand expansion. Further, corn yield response to moderate price increases would likely offset much of the foreign production increase. US policies that could sever any remaining link between US ethanol expansion and environmentally sensitive regions of the world feed economy are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Microalgae for the production of bulk chemicals and biofuels
Authors: Wijffels Rene H , Barbosa Maria J , Eppink Michel H M
Published: May 2010

The feasibility of microalgae production for biodiesel was discussed. Although algae are not yet produced at large scale for bulk applications, there are opportunities to develop this process in a sustainable way. It remains unlikely, however, that the process will be developed for biodiesel as the only end product from microalgae. In order to develop a more sustainable and economically feasible process, all biomass components (e.g. proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) should be used and therefore biorefining of microalgae is very important for the selective separation and use of the functional biomass components. If biorefining of microalgae is applied, lipids should be fractionated into lipids for biodiesel, lipids as a feedstock for the chemical industry and ω‐3 fatty acids, proteins and carbohydrates for food, feed and bulk chemicals, and the oxygen produced should be recovered also. If, in addition, production of algae is done on residual nutrient feedstocks and CO2, and production of microalgae is done on a large scale against low production costs, production of bulk chemicals and fuels from microalgae will become economically feasible.

In order to obtain that, a number of bottlenecks need to be removed and a multidisciplinary approach in which systems biology, metabolic modeling, strain development, photobioreactor design and operation, scale‐up, biorefining, integrated production chain, and the whole system design (including logistics) should be addressed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Biorefinery systems – potential contributors to sustainable innovation
Authors: Wellisch Maria , Jungmeier Gerfried , Karbowski Adrian , Patel Martin K , Rogulska Magdalena
Published: May 2010

Sustainable biorefineries have a critical role to play in our common future. The need to provide more goods using renewable resources, combined with advances in science and technology, has provided a receptive environment for biorefinery systems development. Biorefineries offer the promise of using fewer non‐renewable resources, reducing CO2 emissions, creating new employment, and spurring innovation using clean and efficient technologies. Lessons are being learned from the establishment of first‐generation biofuel operations. The factors that are key to answering the question of biorefinery sustainability include: the type of feedstock, the conversion technologies and their respective conversion and energy efficiencies, the types of products (including coproducts) that are manufactured, and what products are substituted by the bioproducts. The BIOPOL review of eight existing biorefineries indicates that new efficient biorefineries can revitalize existing industries and promote regional development, especially in the R&D area. Establishment can be facilitated if existing facilities are used, if there is at least one product which is immediately marketable, and if supportive policies are in place. Economic, environmental, and social dimensions need to be evaluated in an integrated sustainability assessment. Sustainability principles, criteria, and indicators are emerging for bioenergy, biofuels, and bioproducts. Practical assessment methodologies, including data systems, are critical for both sustainable design and to assure consumers, investors, and governments that they are doing the ‘right thing’ by purchasing a certain bioproduct. If designed using lifecycle thinking, biorefineries can be profitable, socially responsible, and produce goods with less environmental impact than conventional products … and potentially even be restorative!. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Is grass biomethane a sustainable transport biofuel?
Authors: Korres Nicholas E. , Singh Anoop , Nizami Abdul‐Sattar , Murphy Jerry D.
Published: May 2010

Grassland is a beneficial landscape for numerous reasons including potential to sequester carbon in the soil. Cross compliance dictates that grassland should not be converted to arable land; this is particularly interesting in Ireland where 91% of agricultural land is under grass. Biogas generated from grass and further upgraded to biomethane has been shown to offer a better energy balance than first‐generation liquid biofuels indigenous to Europe. The essential question is whether the gaseous biofuel meets the EU sustainability criteria of 60% greenhouse gas emission savings. The base‐case scenario investigated included: utilization of electricity from the grid; over‐sizing heated digestion tanks to hold digestate in the winter period; vehicular efficiency 82% of that of a diesel vehicle; and no allowance for carbon sequestration. The analysis of the base case showed a reduction in emissions of 21.5%. However by varying the system, using electricity from wind, improving digester configuration, and by using a vehicle optimized for gaseous fuel, a reduction of 54% was evaluated. Furthermore allowing for 0.6 t carbon sequestration per hectare per annum the reduction increased to 75%. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Terbium‐sensitized fluorescence method for the determination of deferasirox in biological fluids and tablet formulation
Authors: Manzoori Jamshid L. , Jouyban Abolghasem , Amjadi Mohammad , Panahi‐Azar Vahid , Tamizi Elnaz , Vaez‐Gharamaleki Jalil
Published: May 2010

A novel, rapid and sensitive spectroflurimetric method was developed and validated for the determination of deferasirox in urine, serum and tablet samples based on sensitization of terbium fluorescence. The excitation and emission wavelengths were 328 and 545 nm, respectively. The optimum conditions for the determination of deferasirox were investigated considering the effects of various parameters. The method was quantitatively evaluated in terms of linearity, recovery, reproducibility and limit of detection. Under the optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensities were linear with the concentration of deferasirox in the range of 5 × 10−9 to 5×10−6 mol L−1, with a detection limit of 1.5 × 10−9 mol L−1 and a relative standard deviation of 1.1–2.3%. Linearity, reproducibility, recovery and limit of detection made the method suitable for determination of deferasirox in urine, serum and tablets samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localization of non-palpable breast cancer using a radiolabelled titanium seed
Authors: van Riet Y E A , Jansen F H , van Beek M , van de Velde C J H , Rutten H J T , Nieuwenhuijzen G A P
Published: May 2010

Background

Resection guided by a radiologically placed hookwire is the most common surgical technique for non-palpable breast cancer. This technique has several well described disadvantages such as incidental migration, kinking or fracture of the wire, and difficult logistics between the radiology, surgical and nuclear medicine departments. Use of an iodine-125-radiolabelled (I-125) seed for localization of non-palpable breast tumours could potentially prevent these problems.

Methods

Data on use of the I-125 seed localization technique in 325 consecutive women were collected prospectively between October 2003 and June 2009. All patients with screen-detected, histologically proven malignancy were included. Patients with a preoperative core biopsy showing either ductal carcinoma in situ or unclear pathology were excluded from this study.

Results

The mean(s.d.) age of the women was 59·5(11·9) years. Localization was guided ultrasonographically in 275 procedures, stereotactically in 45 and by both techniques in five. The I-125 seed was removed by surgery after a mean of 4(5) days. The mean duration of operation was 62·9(21·2) min. Complete tumour removal was achieved in 310 procedures (95·4 per cent).

Conclusion

Localization of impalpable breast cancer using a I-125 seed was safe and led to a high proportion of radical lumpectomies.
Simultaneous determination of niacin and its metabolites—nicotinamide, nicotinuric acid and N‐methyl‐2‐pyridone‐5‐carboxamide—in human plasma by LC‐MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Inamadugu Jaswanth Kumar , Damaramadugu Rajasekhar , Mullangi Ramesh , Ponneri Venkateswarlu
Published: May 2010

An LC‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of niacin (NA) and its metabolites, i.e. nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinuric acid (NUA) and N‐methyl‐2‐pyridone‐5‐carboxamide (2‐Pyr), in human plasma (1  mL) was developed and validated using nevirapine as an internal standard (IS). Extraction of the NA and its metabolites along with the IS from human plasma was accomplished using a simple liquid–liquid extraction. The chromatographic separation of NA, NAM, NUA, 2‐Pyr and IS was achieved on a Hypersil‐BDS column (150 ¥ 4.6  mm, 5  mm) column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid : acetonitrile (20:80  v/v) at a flow rate of 1  mL/min. The total run time of analysis was 2  min and elution of NA, NAM, NUA, 2‐Pyr and IS occurred at 1.37, 1.46, 1.40, 1.06 and 1.27  min, respectively. A detailed validation of the method was performed as per the FDA guidelines and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 100–20000  ng/mL for NA; 10–1600  ng/mL for NUA and NAM and 50–5000  ng/mL for 2‐Pyr with mean correlation coefficient of ≥0.99 for each analyte. The method was sensitive, specific, precise, accurate and suitable for bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic studies. The developed assay method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in humans. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: [NaSn12O8Se6]3‐ — A Chalcogenostannate Anion with Shell Structure.
Authors: Krautscheid Harald , Schmidtke Markus
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Action of Alkaline Earth Metals on Lanthanum Triiodide: Unusually Short La—La Distances in SrLaI4 and BaLaI4.
Authors: Gerlitzki Niels , Meyer Gerd
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Na9[FeO3][FeO4] a Mixed Valent Oxoferrat(II, III) with Isolated [FeO3]4‐ and [FeO4]5‐ Anions.
Authors: Amann Peter , Moeller Angela
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Demarcation of the PbFCl and Cu2Sb Structure Families: Crystal Structure Re‐Determinations and Refinements of CuMgSb, Cu2Sb, and CuMgAs.
Authors: Nuss Juergen , Jansen Martin
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oxoantimonates(III) Rb2Sb8O13 and Cs8Sb22O37: New Framework and Layer Structures with “Lone‐Pair” Cations.
Authors: Emmerling Franziska , Roehr Caroline
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Disproportionation of CaNi3 Hydride: Formation of New Hydride, CaNiH3.
Authors: Takeshita Hiroyuki T. , Oishi Toshio , Kuriyama Nobuhiro
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of a Neutral Open‐Framework Zincophosphate.
Authors: Zhao Yongnan , Yao Youwei , Li Xiuhong , Chen Xiangming , Li Ming , Mai Zhenhong
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: [{Li(thf)3}2{As(SiiPr3)}4] — A Compound with Gallium—Arsenic Double Bonds.
Authors: von Haenisch Carsten , Hampe Oliver
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dy3OF5S: The First Oxyfluoride Sulfide of the Lanthanoids.
Authors: Grossholz Hagen , Schleid Thomas
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Heteropolyanions of the M2X2W20 Structure Type with Antimony(III) as a Heteroatom.
Authors: Piepenbrink M. , Limanski E. M. , Krebs B.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Reactive Heterogeneous Heck and Hydrogenation Catalysts Constructed Through “Bottom‐Up” Nanoparticle Self‐Assembly.
Authors: Galow Trent H. , Drechsler Ulf , Hanson Jarrod A. , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.