bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Drug-Eluting Stents in Diabetic Patients Admitted with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarctions Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Schmucker Johannes , Fach Andreas , Osteresch Rico , Mata Marin Luis Alberto , Ruehle Stephan , Retzlaff Tina , Garstka Daniela , Eitel Ingo , Hambrecht Rainer , Wienbergen Harm
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetic patients show higher adverse ischemic event rates and mortality when undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarctions. Therefore, diabetic patients might benefit even more from modern-generation drug-eluting stents (DES). The aim of the present study was to compare adverse ischemic events and mortality rates between bare-metal stents (BMS) and DES in diabetic patients admitted with ST-elevation-myocardial infarction (STEMI) with non-diabetic patients as the control group. Methods: All STEMI patients undergoing emergency PCI and stent implantation documented between 2006 and 2019 in the Bremen STEMI registry entered the analysis. Efficacy was defined as a combination of in-stent thrombosis, myocardial re-infarction or additional target lesion revascularization at one year. Results: Of 8356 patients which entered analysis, 1554 (19%) were diabetics, while 6802 (81%) were not. 879 (57%) of the diabetics received a DES. In a multivariate model, DES implantation in diabetics compared to BMS was associated with lower rates of in-stent thrombosis (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.05–0.6), myocardial re-infarctions (OR 0.35, 95%CI, 0.2–0.7, p < 0.01) and of the combined endpoint at 1 year ((ST + MI + TLR): OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.2–0.6, p < 0.01), with a trend towards lower 5-year mortality (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.3–1.0, p = 0.058). When comparing diabetic to non-diabetic patients, an elevation in event rates for diabetics was only detectable in BMS (OR 1.78, 95% CI 0.5–0.7, p < 0.01); however, this did not persist when treated with a DES (OR 1.03 95% CI 0.7–1.6, p = 0.9). Conclusions: In STEMI patients with diabetes, the use of DES significantly reduced ischemic event rates and, unlike with BMS, adverse ischemic event rates became similar to non-diabetic patients.
Patient-Specific Implants for Pelvic Tumor Resections
Authors: Döring Kevin , Staats Kevin , Puchner Stephan , Windhager Reinhard
Published: July 2021

Introduction Limb salvage surgery for periacetabular malignancies is technically demanding and associated with a considerable likelihood of postoperative complications and surgical revision. Reconstruction using custom-made implants represents the treatment of choice. This study was conducted to analyze treatment outcomes of custom-made implants in a single orthopaedic tumor center. Patients and Methods Twenty patients with a histologically verified periacetabular malignancy and a median follow up time of 5 (1–17) years were included. Results The median number of revision surgeries per patient was 1.5 (0–7). Complications were dislocations in 3 patients, aseptic loosening in 4 patients, deep infections in 9 patients, thromboembolic events in 5 patients and sciatic nerve lesions in 4 patients. Overall survival was 77% after one year, 69% after two years and 46% after five years. Median Harris Hip Score was 81 (37–92) points at last follow up. Conclusion Although internal hemipelvectomy and reconstruction using custom-made implants is linked with a high risk of postoperative complications, good functional outcomes can be regularly achieved. This information may help treating surgeons to find adequate indications, as eligible patients need to be critically selected and integrated into the decision-making process.
Subjective Knowledge, Perceived Risk, and Information Search when Purchasing a Franchise: A Comparative Exploration from Australia
Authors: Balsarini Peter , Lambert Claire , Ryan Maria M. , MacCarthy Martin
Published: July 2021

Franchising has long been a method by which organizations seek to expand and facilitate local market development. However, franchising as a growth strategy can often be hampered by lack of suitable franchisees. To mitigate this shortage, some franchisors have engaged in recruiting franchisees internally from the ranks of their employees in addition to the traditional approach of recruiting franchisees externally. Predominantly franchisees are individuals rather than corporations and thus purchasing a franchise should most commonly be characterized as a consumer acquisition. To explore the relationship between subjective knowledge, perceived risk, and information search behaviors when purchasing a franchise qualitative interviews were conducted with franchisees from the restaurant industry. Half of these respondents were externally recruited having never worked for the franchisor and half were internally recruited having previously been employees of the franchisor. The external recruits expressed a strong desire to own their own business and engaged in extensive decision-making processes with significant information search when purchasing their franchises. Contrastingly, the internal recruits expressed a strong desire to be their own boss and engaged in limited, bordering on habitual decision-making processes with negligible information search when acquiring their franchises. The results reveal that differences in subjective knowledge and perceived risk appear to significantly impact the extent of information search between these two groups. A model of the relationship between subjective knowledge, perceived risk and information search in the purchasing of a franchise is developed that reconciles these findings. The findings also have practical implications for franchisors’ franchisee recruiting efforts which are integral to their capacity to develop local markets.
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE): A New, Green and Renewable Solvent for the Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Waste Products
Authors: Diacon Aurel , Călinescu Ioan , Vinatoru Mircea , Chipurici Petre , Vlaicu Alexandru , Boscornea Aurelian Cristian , Mason Timothy J.
Published: July 2021

Currently there is a drive towards the minimisation and reclamation of valuable materials from the waste products of the food and beverage industry. This can be achieved through the extraction of residual nutraceuticals from such materials. Tomato pomace contains carotenoids and other chemicals which can be extracted directly into edible oils to improve the health-giving properties of such oils. We report here a novel green solvent, fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), which is significantly more effective than sunflower oil and hexane for the extraction of lycopene and beta-carotene from tomato skin waste. FAEE are a non-toxic renewable resource that is environmentally friendly and to our knowledge has never been used as a vegetal extraction fluid. The efficiency of FAEE extraction was significantly improved relative to both sunflower oil and hexane under ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions. In addition, FAEE have the additional and significant advantage that once enriched with the extracted nutraceuticals can be used directly as a food additive.
Franny’s Jesus Prayer: J.D. Salinger and Orthodox Christian Spirituality
Authors: Astvatsaturov Andrey
Published: July 2021

The Way of a Pilgrim and The Pilgrim Continues His Way—is a Russian hesychast text that was first published in 1881 and translated into English in 1931. It has gained popularity in the English-speaking world thanks to J.D. Salinger who mentions and re-narrates it in his stories “Franny” and “Zooey”. This reference has often been noted in both critical works on Salinger and studies dedicated to the book The Way of a Pilgrim. However, scholars have never actually attempted to fundamentally analyze the textual interconnections between Salinger’s stories and the hesychast work. In this article, the text of The Way of a Pilgrim is read within the framework of Salinger’s stories and is interpreted as being significant for his later texts. From the hesychast book Salinger borrows a number of images and presents its philosophy as a spiritual ideal. At the same time, he approaches it with a certain irony and exposes several pitfalls of incorrectly interpreting the Jesus prayer, as illustrated by Franny, one of Salinger’s characters. Having brought to light the nature of Franny’s mistakes and her peccant intention, Salinger reestablishes the hesychast ideal and connects it with Søren Kierkegaard’s principle of theistic existentialism.
Optical Polarimetry for Fundamental Physics
Authors: Zavattini Guido , Della Valle Federico
Published: July 2021

Sensitive magneto-optical polarimetry was proposed by E. Iacopini and E. Zavattini in 1979 to detect vacuum electrodynamic non-linearity, in particular Vacuum Magnetic Birefringence (VMB). This process is predicted in QED via the fluctuation of electron–positron virtual pairs but can also be due to hypothetical Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) and/or MilliCharged Particles (MCP). Today ALPs are considered a strong candidate for Dark Matter. Starting in 1992 the PVLAS collaboration, financed by INFN, Italy, attempted to measure VMB conceptually following the original 1979 scheme based on an optical cavity permeated by a time-dependent magnetic field and heterodyne detection. Two setups followed differing basically in the magnet: the first using a rotating superconducting 5.5 T dipole magnet at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy and the second using two rotating permanent 2.5 T dipole magnets at the INFN section of Ferrara. At present PVLAS is the experiment which has set the best limit in VMB reaching a noise floor within a factor 7 of the predicted QED signal: Δn(QED)=2.5×10−23 @ 2.5 T. It was also shown that the noise floor was due to the optical cavity and a larger magnet is the only solution to increase the signal to noise ratio. The PVLAS experiment ended at the end of 2018. A new effort, VMB@CERN, which plans to use a spare LHC dipole magnet at CERN with a new modified optical scheme, is now being proposed. In this review, a detailed description of the PVLAS effort and the comprehension of its limits leading to a new proposal will be given.
Successful detection and removal of predictable juvenile polyp: a case report
Authors: Kim Kwang Yeon , Kim Jin Su
Published: July 2021

Juvenile polyp makes up 70% to 80% of pediatric colon polyp, and the average age of diagnosis is 2 to 5 years. The treatment of juvenile polyp in children is polypectomy through colonoscopy. The fact that the lumen of intestine is much smaller than that of adults and the need to perform polypectomy is a heavy burden on the endoscopists. Recently, fecal calprotectin (FC) has been found to be related to juvenile polyp. A previously healthy 34-month-old female patient presented to the pediatric gastroenterology department with intermittent bloody stools that were progressively worsening. FC level was abnormally elevated at 2,719 µg/g (normal, < 50 µg/g). The polyp was successfully removed with a endoscopic polypectomy. This is the first case in Korea to show that FC can be used to screen juvenile polyp in children. Caution must be taken that FC levels can increase with inflammation, regardless of the number or size of the polyps.
ANÁLISE DE ERROS MATEMÁTICOS DOS ALUNOS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL EM QUESTÕES ENVOLVENDO OS NÚMEROS INTEIROS
Authors: Figueiredo Sonner , Araujo do Nascimento Edilson
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os erros cometidos por alunos do ensino fundamental em questões envolvendo os números inteiros e quais contribuições isso traz para o ensino aprendizagem. A pesquisa se desenvolveu em uma escola municipal do inteiro do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul com alunos do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Essa pesquisa é considerada de natureza quantitativa-qualitativa ou método misto e pesquisas de campo. Por meio da análise de erros foi possível identificar quais os erros cometidos pelos alunos nestes testes e classificá-los de acordo com a tipologia de erros de Brousseau. Os erros foram considerados obstáculos epistemológicos na aprendizagem e para este estudo utilizamos os conceitos de obstáculos na visão de Brousseau e Bachelard, tendo sido estes epistemólogos os precursores deste conceito. Com esse estudo foi possível identificar os erros mais comuns cometidos pelos alunos, dentre esses destacam as dificuldades na interpretação dos problemas e dificuldades com as operações fundamentais da matemática. Por fim, concluímos que a análise de erro é um instrumento que contribui para a aprendizagem, pois notamos nessa pesquisa que por meio desse instrumento os alunos conseguiram observar em suas produções seus erros.
MÉTODO ALTERNATIVO PARA A REDUÇÃO DO GRAU DOS POLINÔMIOS PALINDRÔMICOS DE COM COEFICIENTES REAIS
Authors: Célia Bueno da Fonseca Regina , A. de Freitas Vaz Duelci , César Saavedra Vásquez Julio
Published: July 2021

O comportamento dos zeros dos polinômios algébricos ´é  uma das sub´áreas cl´ássicas da Análise. Tal assunto ´é muito abordado na Matem´ática e atualmente as funções polinomiais são temas de muita investiga¸ção, tanto na área computacional, quanto na teórica. O comportamento dos zeros de polinômios palindrômicos no c´ırculo unitário ´ é motivo de pesquisa na literatura [1], [2] e [3]. Nos  polinˆômios palindrômicos P2n (z), n inteiro, de grau par, sabe-se que podem ser expressos P2n (z) = zn Q(z + 1/z) onde Q ´é  um polinômio de grau n, de tal forma que a partir das raízes de Q obtemos as ra´ızes de P2n (z). Keith Conrad1 aborda um  procedimento para tal prop´ósito.  Neste trabalho apresentamos um m´étodo alternativo com a mesma finalidade.

1Symmetric Polynomials. Dispon´ıvel em: https : //citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi =10.1.1.299.5987&rank = 1
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SITUAÇÕES DESENCADEADORAS DE APRENDIZAGEM POR MEIO DAS AÇÕES DE ESTUDO PROPOSTAS POR DAVÍDOV: UMA ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE ATIVIDADE ORIENTADORA DE ENSINO E TEORIA DO ENSINO DESENVOLVIMENTAL
Authors: Rosa Josélia Euzébio da , Cardoso Nunes Garcia Maria Aparecida , Da Silva Lunardi Marcelo
Published: July 2021

Como organizar o ensino de Matemática com potencialidades para promover a aprendizagem de conceitos científicos e o desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico? Essa foi a pergunta que desencadeou a presente pesquisa. Realizamos um experimento didático desenvolvimental com acadêmicos do Curso de Pedagogia de uma universidade localizada no sul do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, com o seguinte objetivo: investigar as potencialidades do modo de organização do ensino de Matemática à luz da Atividade Orientadora de Ensino e da Teoria do Ensino Desenvolvimental na formação inicial de professores. Por conta do momento pandêmico, as aulas foram realizadas via Plataforma Zoom, ao longo do segundo semestre de 2020. Desenvolvemos Situações Desencadeadoras de Aprendizagem por meio das quatro ações de estudo davidovianas. Na especificidade do presente artigo, apresentaremos as reflexões referentes ao sistema conceitual de número natural, número fracionário, adição, subtração, divisão e multiplicação, na indissociabilidade entre aritmética, álgebra e geometria. Os resultados indicam que quando o ensino é organizado em torno da relação geneticamente inicial, que dá origem a um sistema conceitual, promove a aprendizagem de conceitos científicos e desenvolve o pensamento teórico que capacita os estudantes a se orientarem por um procedimento geral durante a busca pela solução de um problema desencadeador.
Crises of Dalit Women in India
Authors: Chendappa Rajappa Kambar , Varun Gulati
Published: July 2021

In Sanskrit, ‘‘Yatra naryastu pujyante ramante tatra Devata' means that wherever a woman is worshipped, gods rejoice. This sholka represents the importance of women, and one can say, "Home is the first school, Mother is the first teacher," demonstrating the respect and value given to women. However, these words exist only in the form of letters and not in practise. It is a great tragedy that man is hesitant to use and accept her gratitude. When this is the case, discrimination is quite common in Dalit communities even today, and the Manuvadi attitude of discrimination against Dalit women is growing like anything else. There could be several reasons for this context. But you can always imagine upper-class communities viewing her as an object of prejudice, abusing her caste, discriminating against her caste, mischief, and reduction. This article attempted to review the social conflicts of Dalit women in India, with a focus on the unpleasant events of the time, such as raping, ignoring, disrespecting, intimidating, and so on.
THE CONVERGENCE OF BIOMEDICAL AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SAFETY
Authors: МАСЛОВ М.Ю. , СПОДОБАЕВ Ю.М.
Published: July 2021

Эволюция инфотелекоммуникаций, демонстрирующая стремительные темпы перехода к высокотехнологичным системам, сопровождается глубоким взаимным проникновением технологий - конвергенцией. Показано, что широкое использование беспроводных систем связи вызвало насыщение окружающей среды технологическими электромагнитными полями (ЭМП), а это, в свою очередь, актуализировало проблему защиты населения. Подчеркивается, что такая коренная перестройка привела к равномерному плотному размещению излучающих фрагментов сетей на селитебных территориях. Изменившиеся параметры излучаемых полей требуют пересмотра нормативно-методического обеспечения электромагнитной безопасности. Фрагментарный структурный, функциональный и параметрический анализ проблемы защиты населения от технологических полей выявил неопределенность в толковании реальных ситуаций, уязвимость, слабость и необоснованность методологической основы санитарно-гигиенических подходов на всех этапах электромагнитной экспертизы излучающих фрагментов сетевых технологий. Отмечается, что следствием этого являются недоверие со стороны специалистов и населения к системе санитарно-гигиенического контроля и в целом к безопасности современных технологий, растущая социальная напряженность и радиофобия. В качестве основы для решения проблем защиты населения предлагается субъективные методы и средства мониторинга ЭМП перенести в область информационных технологий.

The evolution of infotelecommunications, demonstrating the rapid pace of transition to high-tech systems, is accompanied by deep mutual penetration of technologies - convergence. It is shown that the widespread use of wireless communication systems has led to the saturation of the environment with technological electromagnetic fields (EMF), and this, in turn, has actualized the problem of protecting the population. It is emphasized that such a radical restructuring has led to a uniform dense distribution of radiating network fragments in residential areas. The changed parameters of the radiated fields require a revision of the regulatory and methodological support of electromagnetic safety. A fragmentary structural, functional, and parametric analysis of the problem of protecting the population from technological fields revealed uncertainty in the interpretation of real situations, vulnerability, weakness, and groundlessness of the methodological basis of sanitary and hygienic approaches at all stages of electromagnetic examination of emitting fragments of network technologies. It is noted that the consequence of this is the distrust of specialists and the population to the system of sanitary and hygienic control and, in general, to the safety of modern technologies, growing social tension, and radiophobia. As a basis for solving the problems of protecting the population, it is proposed to transfer subjective methods and means of monitoring EMF to the field of information technologies.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SOFTWARE COMPLEX FOR INTELLIGENT TUNING OF OPERATING FREQUENCIES FOR COGNITIVE RADIO SYSTEMS
Authors: КАНДАУРОВА Е.О. , ЧИРОВ Д.С.
Published: July 2021

Представлено описание разработанных программных модулей интеллектуальной перестройки рабочих частот для системы когнитивного радио, в которых применяется ранее предложенный алгоритм анализа использования радиочастотного спектра. Также разработаны программные модули для взаимодействия с программно-определяемыми радиосистемами, такими как LimeSDR. Экспериментально показано, что использование алгоритма предсказания занятости частотных каналов позволяет сократить время оперативного сканирования спектра.

A description of the developed software modules for intelligent tuning of operating frequencies for the cognitive radio system is presented. These software modules use the previously proposed algorithm of RF spectrum utilization analysis. Also, software modules have been developed for interacting with software-defined radio such as LimeSDR. Experimental studies have shown that the use of an algorithm for predicting the occupancy of frequency channels allows reducing the time of operational scanning of the spectrum.
ASSESSMENT OF RUSSIA'S REAL NEEDS FOR MOBILE SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
Authors: АЛЕШИН В.С. , ДОГАЕВ С.Г.
Published: July 2021

Приведена количественная оценка реальных потребностей Российской Федерации в услугах подвижной спутниковой связи на период 2021-2030 гг. Оценка выполнялась путем прямого подсчета численности потенциальных потребителей услуг в разных сферах народного хозяйства России, включая ее Арктический регион и Северный морской путь, с учетом возможностей реализации альтернативных спутниковым вариантов предоставления этих услуг.

A quantitative assessment of the real needs of the Russian Federation for mobile satellite communication services in 2021-2030 is presented. The assessment was carried out by directly calculating the number of potential consumers of services in various areas of the Russian economy, including its Arctic region and the Northern Sea Route, taking into account the possibilities of implementing alternative economic options for providing these services.
DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL NETWORKS OF THE DVB-T2 STANDARD IN RUSSIA
Authors: КАРЯКИН В.Л.
Published: July 2021

Приведены основные и приоритетные направления стратегии развития телерадиовещания до 2025г. Дан анализ проблем развития в России региональных сетей стандарта DVB-T2 и пути их решения с применением отечественных иннова -ционных технологий для обеспечения устойчивого и бесперебойного телерадиовещания. Предлагается метод реализации региональной сети SFN вещания с наземными волоконно-оптическим каналами связи, защищенный патентом РФ.

The main and priority directions of the TV and radiobroadcasting development strategy up to 2025 are presented. The analysis of problems in the development of regional DVB-T2 networks in Russia and ways of their solution using domestic innovative technologies to ensure sustainable and uninterrupted TV and radio broadcasting is given. The method of implementation of regional SFN broadcasting network with terrestrial fiber-optic communication channels, protected by the patent of the Russian Federation, is proposed.
APPLICATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN THE PREPARATION OF ENSEMBLE MUSICAL COMPOSITIONS
Authors: ЕПИФАНОВА Е.С.
Published: July 2021

Показано, что при классических методах исполнения ансамблевых произведений спутниковые системы связи для взаимодействия музыкантов с дирижером применяться не могут, поскольку не соответствуют требованиям по задержке распространения сигнала, а применение действующих систем связи на базе интернет-протокола (IP) ограничено. Предложены технология и стандартное оборудование, позволяющие использовать мобильные интернет-каналы для обеспечения слитности звучания музыкальных произведений при ансамблевом исполнении в условиях дистанцирования музыкантов.

It is shown that with classical methods of performing ensemble musical compositions, satellite systems for communication of musicians and conductor cannot be used, since they do not meet the requirements for signal propagation delay. The technology and standard equipment that allow the use of mobile Internet channels to ensure the fusion of musical compositions during remote ensemble performance are proposed.
DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL BROADCASTING: FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTATION AND ISSUES OF USING RADIO BROADCASTING
Authors: ЛАШКЕВИЧ А.В.
Published: July 2021

В статье проанализированы основные характеристики существующих систем цифрового звукового и мультимедийного радиовещания, преимущества цифрового радиовещания как технологии передачи звуковой и мультимедийной информации, особенности использования различных диапазонов частот, влияние социальных, технико-экономических факторов и географических особенностей на технические требования к сетям радиовещания. Рассмотрены вопросы организации высококачественного радиовещания, способного привлечь аудиторию в условиях современного развития технологий. Определены основные задачи в области производства приемного оборудования для цифрового радиовещания.

The article analyzes the main features of existing digital sound and multimedia broadcasting, advantages of digital radio as a technology for transmitting sound and multimedia information, benefits of different frequency ranges for digital radio, the influence of social, technical, and economic factors, and geographical characteristics on the technical requirements for broadcasting networks. The issues of the organization of high-quality radio broadcasting capable to attract an audience in conditions of the modern development of technologies are considered. The main tasks in the field of digital radio receiving equipment production are determined.
A METHOD FOR SIZING DIGITAL CLUSTERS OF ULTRA-LOW LATENCY NETWORKS
Authors: ЧИСТОВА Н.А. , ПАРАМОНОВ А.И. , ВЫБОРНОВА А.И. , КУЧЕРЯВЫЙ А.Е.
Published: July 2021

Рассматривается метод выбора размеров цифровых кластеров в сети с ультрамалыми задержками с учетом длин соединительных линий. Расчет линейных размеров только на базе требований к задержке не учитывает особенностей прокладки трасс линий связи, длина которых больше полученных оценок, что отрицательно влияет на временные характеристики. Предлагается метод, учитывающий особенности прокладки линий связи на основе оценок фрактальной размерности сети дорог. Метод может быть использован в задачах планирования и проектирования сетей с ультрамалыми задержками.

The paper proposes a method for sizing digital clusters in ultra-low latency networks, taking into account the lengths of connecting lines. Calculation of linear dimensions only on the basis of delay requirements does not take into account the peculiarities of laying communication lines, the length of which is greater than the obtained estimates, which negatively affects the temporal characteristics. The paper proposes a method thattakesintoaccountthepeculiaritiesoflayingcommunication lines based on estimates of the fractal dimension of the road network. The proposed method can be used in the planning and design of ultra-low latency networks.
APPLICATION OF VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTS TECHNOLOGY IN AN AUTOMATED TEST BENCH FOR MEASURING PARAMETERS OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TRANSPONDERS
Authors: СИМОНОВ П.И. , КОСТЮК А.А. , МАКАРЕНКО А.А.
Published: July 2021

Дана оценка использования цифровой контрольно-измерительной аппаратуры при проверке авиационных систем в соответствии с руководящими документами ARP4754 и DO-178C. Указано, что в автоматизированных стендах на основе ЭВМ, в отличие от традиционных подходов, повышается роль программного обеспечения (ПО). Приведен обзор существующих ре -шений для проверки приемоответчиков управления воздушным движением (УВД). Сделан вывод о необходимости доработки автоматизированного измерительного стенда проверки бортовых систем предупреждения столкновений (БСПС) с целью оценки параметров приемоответчиков УВД на стадиях их разработки и проведения сертификационных работ в соответствии с DO-181E. Сформированы требования к ПО. Представлены результаты практической реализации автоматизированного измерительного стенда.

An assessment of the use of digital instrumentation equipment for testing airborne systems under the guidelines ARP 4754 and DO-178C is given. It is shown that in the computer-based automated test bench, unlike traditional approaches, the importance of software increases. An overview of existing solutions for testing air traffic control (ATC) transponders is provided. It is concluded that it is necessary to refine the automated measuring bench for testing the airborne traffic collision avoidance systems (TCAS) to assess the parameters of ATC transponders at the stages of their development and certification under the guideline DO-181E. Software requirements are formed. The results of the practical implementation of an automated measuring stand are presented.
RUSSIAN MARKET OF PROFESSIONAL MOBILE RADIO AND CRITICAL COMMUNICATIONS: CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS
Authors: ШОРИН О.А. , КАСПАРИ Р.Ю.
Published: July 2021

Рассмотрены характеристики и аудитория сетей профессиональной радиосвязи и критических коммуникаций. Проведен анализ используемых в России технологий профессиональной радиосвязи и перспектив развития данного сегмента телекоммуникационного рынка, произведена оценка его объемов в пятилетней перспективе. Показано, что внедряемая технология широкополосной профессиональной связи МАКВИЛ не только решает назревшие проблемы, связанные с модернизацией морально и физически устаревших систем ведомственной и корпоративной транкинговой связи, но и открывает новые возможности роста рынка услуг передачи критически важной информации.

The characteristics and audience of professional mobile radio and critical communication networks are reviewed. The analysis of professional mobile radio technologies used in Russia and the prospects for the development of this segment of the telecommunications market is carried out, as well as its volume is estimated in the five-year perspective. It is shown that McWiLL broadband professional radio communication technology not only solves the urgent problems associated with the modernization of morally and physically obsolete systems of departmental and corporate trunking communications, but also opens up new opportunities for the growth of the market for critical information transmission services.
A SURVEY OF MODERN TECHNIQUES OF ERROR CORRECTION CODING
Authors: ТРИФОНОВ П.В. , КУДРЯШОВ Б.Д. , МИЛОСЛАВСКАЯ В.Д.
Published: July 2021

Рассмотрены методы помехоустойчивого кодирования, применяемые в современных системах передачи и хране -ния информации. Представлен краткий обзор кодовых конструкций, алгоритмов декодирования, достигаемыххарактеристик помехоустойчивости и производительности. Указаны основные достоинства и недостатки применяемых подходов, а также некоторые направления их развития.

The paper discusses error correction coding techniques used in modern communication and storage systems. A brief survey of code constructions, decoding algorithms, and achievable performance and complexity is presented. The principal advantages and drawbacks of the considered techniques, as well as some further research directions, are outlined.
A METHOD OF IMAGE TRANSMISSION IN A LOW-POWER WIDE-AREA MESH NETWORK
Authors: ФАМ В.Д. , КИСЕЛЬ В.С. , КИРИЧЕК Р.В. , ОВЧИННИКОВ А.О. , БОРОДИН А.С.
Published: July 2021

Представлены результаты исследований передачи изображений через фрагмент сети связи на базе технологии LoRa с поддержкой ячеистой топологии. Приведена оценка качества изображений,передаваемых с различным разрешением и степенью сжатия. Показано, что с увеличением количества промежуточных узлов ретрансляции возрастала сетевая задержка и увеличивалось время доставки изображения на сервер. Установлено, что передача изображений на базе сети LoRa Mesh возможна, если не учитывать сетевую задержку, увеличивающуюся при возрастании числа узлов-ретрансляторов.

This paper presents the results of a study of image transmission via a fragment of a network based on LoRa technology with mesh topology support. The quality of images transmitted with different resolutions and compression rates was evaluated. It is shown that with an increase in the number of intermediate relay nodes, the network latency increased and the time of image delivery to the server increased. It is established that the transmission of images based on the LoRa Mesh network is possible if the network delay is not taken into account.
A STUDY OF ROUTING METHODS IN URBAN WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS BASED ON REINFORCEMENT LEARNING
Authors: ФАМ В.Д. , КИРИЧЕК Р.В. , БОРОДИН А.С.
Published: July 2021

Приведены результаты исследования методов маршрутизации на основе обучения с подкреплением с помощью имитационной модели. Рассмотрена задача маршрутизации сетевого трафика для фрагмента ячеистой сети городского масштаба, управляемой на основе технологий искусственного интеллекта. Представлена модель системы массового обслуживания для изучения процесса маршрутизации, а также обучения выбора маршрута. Имитационная модель фрагмента ячеистой сети разработана в пакете Anylogic и обучается на основе платформы Microsoft Bonsai.

The results of the study of network traffic routing methods based on reinforcement learning using a simulation model are presented. The problem of network traffic routing for a fragment of a city-scale mesh network, controlled on the basis of artificial intelligence technologies, is considered. The article presents a queueing model for studying the routing process, as well as learning how to choose a route. The mesh network fragment simulation model was developed in the Anylogic package and is trained on the basis of the Microsoft Bonsai platform.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR LORA TERMINAL DEVICES IN MESH NETWORKS BASED ON THE DIGITAL OBJECTS ARCHITECTURE
Authors: САЗОНОВ Д.Д. , КИРИЧЕК Р.В.
Published: July 2021

Рассмотрено практическое применение архитектуры цифровых объектов (Digital Object Architecture - DOAtв качестве системы идентификации для энергоэффективных ячеистых сетей на базе технологии LoRa. Представлены тестовые сценарии взаимодействия оконечных устройств с сервером обработки и идентификации при помощи системы Handle System, развернутой в формате локального реестра LHS (Local Handle Service). Описанные подходы и архитектура взаимодействия могут быть перенесены на любые системы интернета вещей, так как технология DOA позволяет описывать любые реальные или виртуальные сущности вещей в формате метаданных с присвоением уникальных неизменяемых идентификаторов.

The article describes the practical application of Digital Objects Architecture (DOA) as an identification system for energy-efficient mesh networks based on LoRa technology. Test scenarios for the interaction of edge devices with the processing and identification server using the Handle System deployed in the form of the local registry LHS (Local Handle Service) are presented. The described approaches for implementation of identification system based on Handle System and DOA can be used in different IoT systems since DOA technology allows you to describe any real or virtual entities of things in metadata format with the assignment of unique immutable identifiers.
A PRIORI ANALYSIS OF RADIATION RESISTANCE OF MULTICHANNEL LOW-NOISE KU-BAND AMPLIFIER
Authors: ТИТОВ Д.А.
Published: July 2021

Приводится алгоритм расчета накопленной дозы радиационного излучения для унифицированной конструкции бортовой аппаратуры систем спутниковой связи

The article presents an algorithm for calculating the accumulated radiation dose for the unified design of onboard equipment of satellite communication systems.
Abuso sexual a niñas en Oaxaca: ¿problema legal o cultural?
Authors: Fernández-Tapia Joselito
Published: July 2021

The article analyzed the problem of child sexual violence in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. The methodology was qualitative based on analysis of documents (empirical studies, legislation and hemerography) and complemented with descriptive statistics. It is found that: legislation has been harmonized with national and international law, legal and applicability vacancies persist, bureaucratic processes, access to justice for victims, impunity and the absence of real statistics; the highest incidence is in the house and the school, being the principal aggressors of the family and teachers. The legal advance is the most significant, yet it does not recover the cultural diversity of the State. It is concluded that, in addition to a legal and cultural problem, constituting systemic, institutional and symbolic violence.
Educación inclusiva. ¿Cómo estamos?
Authors: Montoya-González Ana
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se buscó resumir todo el proceso que han pasado los niños con necesidades educativas especiales, comenzando por el recorrido histórico para ser reconocidos como sujetos de derechos, el proceso que se ha llevado a cabo para integrarlo al aula en clase teniendo en cuenta las políticas con respecto al tema y finalmente, las dificultades que se siguen presentando con los niños en situación de discapacidad dentro del sistema educativo colombiano. La revisión se llevó a cabo, por medio del método de bola de nieve, en el cual un autor nos referenciaba a otro que podía seguir aportándonos en el tema. Los resultados evidencian la caracterización de las necesidades de la población vulnerable con discapacidad diferencial en función de respetar los derechos fundamentales y universales de la educación a la población objetivo en mención, fortaleciendo conceptos en temas de diversidad funcional, fundamentado en la implementación de una estrategia sólida y sustentada de enseñanza universal para la accesibilidad necesaria para la población con discapacidad variada.
Evaluación del perfil del profesorado a partir de los atributos del desempeño docente
Authors: Flores Norma , Castelán Vianey , Zamora Mónica
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine if the levels of teaching performance allow measuring the institutional profile based on a competency approach, as well as knowing its attributes and at what level teachers apply it: theoretically or practically. For this purpose, quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational research was carried based on the application of two Likert-type questionnaires, obtaining these results: identification of attributes of the institutional teaching profile: mediator, planner, cultural agent, and promoter. It was distinguished that the self-evaluations measured the theoretical application of the teaching profile and the praxis from the evaluations, confirming that both are necessary to achieve the desired teaching profile. Also, the study hypothesis was verified by corroborating that the levels of teaching performance allow measuring the level of institutional teaching profile. In conclusion, the study showed that the teaching profile was satisfactory in the French Bachelor context because the teachers applied the four attributes on a scale from 80 to 89.
Challenging Authoritarianism, Colonialism, and Disunity
Authors: Salem Ahmed Ali
Published: July 2021

This paper focuses on the dilemmas that al-Afghani and Rida encountered while advocating and working for political reform: Whenever they fought the tyranny of Muslim rulers, they were targeted, and usually defeated, by colonial powers. And once they began to struggle against colonialism and call for Muslim unity, they were victimized and had their plans aborted by authoritarian Muslim rulers. This was a lesson for later Islamic political movements, as they had to identify clearly, and on solid theoretical bases, their target of reform and the real enemy, and prioritize their goals and methods of reform.
Arab Tribes, the Umayyad Dynasty, and the `Abbasid Revolution
Authors: Marín-Guzmán Roberto
Published: July 2021

This essay analyzes the role played by the Arab tribes in the expansion of Islam, the consolidation of Dar al-Islam [House of Islam], as well as in power and administration during the Umayyad dynasty. Given the traditional rivalries between the Mudar and the Qahtan tribes, each confederation of tribes led the expansion of Islam in a different direction: the Mudar toward the east, and the Qahtan toward the west. The Umayyads controlled power by exploiting tribal disputes. The same practice, skillfully used by the `Abbasids, expelled the Umayyads from power and ushered in a new dynasty.
Vi parliamo di qualcosa d’altro
Authors: D'Achille Paolo
Published: July 2021

Ci sono arrivate due domande che esprimono dubbi sulla correttezza dell’uso di qualcosa d’altro rispetto a qualcos’altro.
Estimation of monthly Global Horizontal irradiation pan India using spatial interpolation and comparing its deviations from standard dataset
Authors: Chiluveru Vijay Bhaskar
Published: July 2021

In the current scenario of increasing demand for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, the need to predict their feasibility and performance is more than ever. Irradiance of a geographical location almost exclusively determines the generation possible via solar. Hence, accurate irradiance data is required to assess the value of solar PV systems. Emphasizing such need, this paper presents a method of estimating global horizontal irradiance (GHI) using the two dimensional (2-D) spatial interpolation technique. The proposed model is geo-agnostic and can estimate irradiance depending on the geographical range of the input data. This paper also compares the model predictions with a standard irradiation dataset in the industry. This comparison helps in getting insights regarding the spatio-temporal trends in recent times. As part of our asset management, solar PV plants spread all over India have irradiation sensors whose measures are sent to our servers on a real-time basis. This is incorporated into our in-house analytics portal which is developed for operations and monitoring. Thus, the data is organized for each plant with its geographical parameters (latitude and longitude) along with Global Tilted Irradiation (GTI) measured by on ground sensors. T-factors (calculated as function of tilt, azimuth of the site) corresponding to each sensor orientation are also known which are used to obtain Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) values. As part of our study, the increasing predominance of solar PV as a renewable source of energy is discussed. This has focused the attention on the need to have quality irradiation data. The above research has been as an endeavour to use a data-driven approach to solve the issue at hand. Hopefully, this work can showcase the power of using data-intensive techniques such as the one shown to solve the many challenges in the energy industry especially those in solar. The model is built using irradiation sensor data pan India and used an effective spatial interpolation technique, kriging, to produce the gap-filled estimates. The statistical measures of estimate error are also mentioned which show impressive accuracy. Heat maps for respective months have also been produced for better visualization of GHI trends. An independent dataset of industrial benchmarking standards is also compared with the estimates to better understand the temporal GHI trends with respect to long-term averaged values. The assessment of this work’s potential is for the industrial community to ascertain as this can have various use cases of immense business value.
Segmentation and quantification of solar PV losses using data-driven algorithms to help better design and operational monitoring
Authors: Chiluveru Vijay Bhaskar
Published: July 2021

In the current scenario of increasing demand for solar Photo-voltaic (PV) systems, the need to predict their feasibility and monitor performance is more than ever. Although PV systems are known for their reliability, they are not above the damaging effects of their surroundings. Various lossy phenomena affect overall plant performance. In this paper, several of such losses, namely thermal, soiling, module degradation and inverter clipping, are discussed. Algorithms to evaluate these losses are proposed which are data-driven and empirical in nature. This is done as an effort to leverage the analytical capabilities provided by the plant data. The paper also compares the estimated losses with those obtained using the PVsyst simulation. As the latter is an independent industrial standard, it helps in understanding the ground reality of PV performance and insights for better operational monitoring. These insights are of immense business value and are aimed at optimizing performance and thereby revenue. As part of our asset management, all the solar PV plant components have sensors whose measurements are sent to the servers on a real-time basis. This is incorporated into our analytics portal which is used for operations and monitoring. The data used for this study is time-series in nature with a temporal least count of 5 minutes (instantaneous values spaced every 5min throughout the period of data capture). The actual data and its list of parameters is dependent on solar plant capacity and design site. For the reference dataset, a grid-connected solar rooftop PV plant in India was studied and its loss parameters were estimated. The plant components are discussed in the prologue of the results section. Solar PV is such a technology which has been enjoying increasing demand and this market scenario is quite favourable for innovation in energy research. This paper hopes to not only introduce the context of PV losses but also tries to engage the motivation to adopt data-driven and empirical methodologies to understand modern systems. This approach is better in the sense that it only gets better at prediction as time goes by and there is more data. Industrial research such as the above work in critical analysis of PV systems not only helps identify possible limitations but also suggest room for improvement. Since energy generation and project cost are key towards maximizing revenue, these estimation models aimed at predicting PV losses are to be deemed indispensable. As with any estimation, there is no one unique way of hitting the bull’s eye that is to know the exact value. The algorithms proposed above are very much dependent on the quality and quantity of data. However, the comparison between losses estimated using plant data and standard simulation using energy modelling can act as feedback towards improving the design and maintenance of such PV systems.
Unified Framework for the Analysis of the Effect of Control Strategies on On-Load Tap-Changer’s Automatic Voltage Controller
Authors: Garcia Iker , Santana Roberto
Published: July 2021

With the advent of new loads and generation on the low voltage grid, voltage fluctuation has increased, especially in active distribution grids with a high penetration of distributed resources and a large deployment of electric vehicles. The coordination of different technologies has emerged as the best way for voltage regulation, among others, smart inverters, open soft points or transformers with on-load regulation capability. This paper proposes a novel way to model the control strategies for the automatic voltage controller of On-Load Tap-Changer transformers. The purpose is to standardize and simplify the way these

strategies are represented, in order to facilitate (i) their  election by Distribution System Operators, (ii) their future integration with other systems, and (iii) to increase the ability to anticipate On-Load Tap-Changer behavior. The proposal has been validated using real data, obtaining an accuracy of 99.15% in the tap changer positions. A unified framework is also introduced, which allows the proposed functional representation to be combined with the On-Load Tap-Changer controller behavior estimation. A experimental validation has been carried out where more than 150 000 strategies have been simulated, finally determining the one that best fits the objectives.