bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mamas in Harmony: protocol for a pilot RCT and process evaluation of a music and social support intervention establishing the feasibility of reducing anxiety and stress in postnatal mothers
Authors: Colella Corinna , McNeill Jenny , McCann Una , Lynn Fiona A.
Published: May 2024

Background
Postnatal mothers can experience anxiety, stress, and difficulty with mother-infant attachment with potential to lead to an anxiety disorder/depression. There has been an increase in interest in non-pharmacological interventions involving music, with limited evidence assessing effectiveness in this population within randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Mamas in Harmony is a novel music/social support intervention. The objective is to assess the feasibility/acceptability of conducting a full RCT to test the effect and cost-effectiveness of Mamas in Harmony compared with usual care.
Methods
The pilot RCT aims to recruit 60 mother-infant dyads through social media, community organisations and stakeholder networks, randomly allocated on a 2:1 ratio to the intervention and control group. The intervention group will receive eight one hour weekly Mamas in Harmony sessions plus usual care and the control group will receive usual care only. Feasibility measures include recruitment, retention, and attendance at intervention sessions. The process evaluation aims to establish acceptability of the intervention involving survey evaluation and semi-structured interviews. A priori guidelines have been agreed to establish criteria for progression to a definitive RCT.
Discussion
The current evidence supports the use of music in reducing anxiety and stress with the recommendation for inclusion of social support. This study has potential to provide robust evidence of the feasibility and acceptability of a music and social support mother-infant group intervention in preparation for a future definitive trial, should progression criteria be met.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05930990. Registered retrospectively on 5 July 2023. Recruitment commenced on 16 March 2023. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05930990?term=music+and+social+support&draw=2&rank=1
Protocol version
30/10/2023 Vn 1.0
Land use and Land cover Analysis using Geographical information system (GIS) and Principal component analysis (PCA)
Authors: Raj Saket , Rawat Kishan Singh
Published: May 2024

Activities of humanoid made on Land Use (LU) indicate an effect on the Land Cover (LC) geographical and for the time being in the presently found in the surroundings. Changes are made continuously made in our study area which is identified by the use of Land-Use/Land-Cover. The purpose of finding areas to identified Land-Use/Land-Cover (LULC) transforms is to start relationships between significant activities, policy declarations, and associated LULC plans. In order to determine the type and extent of changes that have taken place, various dates of satellite photos are connected in a process known as identification of change. The use of LUL Cchange detection in "remote sensing" and “geographic information systems" (GIS) provides crucial learning tools. In order to resolve environmental issues, reliable data planned the evaluation of nature using various methodologies is crucial. By NDVI using as well as PCA parameter to measures land cover changes is main objective of this paper. Landsat 5 (TM) & Landsat 8, OLI/TIRS satellite images are used from 2000 to 2020 prove the thought of LC Change in Muzaffarpur region, Bihar. The four classes of LULC are known to produce the statistics of vegetation area, land area, water bodies, and Grass land. The research analysis revealed that vegetation is reduced about 28% where vegetation, land, Overall accuracy (OA) and kappa coefficient are improved, and Waterland grass and land are improved by 10%, 23%, and 1%, respectively.
Gold Nanosystem Catalyzed Precise Bromination of Aromatic Feedstock Enabled by Global-Vertexes Stabilization
Authors: Tang Cen , Wang Mengyue , Zhang Shengye , Gong Yue , Zhang Wangyang , Wang Yu , Zheng Qiang , Chen yupeng , Liu Zhi-Pan
Published: May 2024

Ligand advancements have propelled the development of sophisticated ligand strategies for nanocatalysis. These strategies offer the tantalizing prospect of nanoparticles to achieve remarkable selectivity for catalytic process. However, achieving electronic/steric control and realizing selectivity regulation in nanocatalysis remains a formidable challenge, as the dynamic nature of metal-ligand interfaces, including dissolution and structural reconstruction, poses significant obstacles. Herein, we disclose carboranyls (CBs) as carbon-bonded global vertexes coordinating ligands (Eads.c−Au(111) = -2.90 eV, Eads.BHs−Au(111) = -0.54 eV) for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), showcasing their exceptional inherent stabilization capability and the unique core (Aun)-satellite (CB2Au−) structure of the resulting NPs. Leveraging these distinct features, CB@AuNPs accomplished regio-selective bromination of aromatic feedstocks including chlorobenzene (p:o > 30:1) and phenyl acrylate, a prominent transformation in chemical industry suffered from selectivity issue. Systematic investigations unveiled the advantages of CB@AuNPs, including: 1) the global coordinating capability of ligands in their vicinity, and 2) the presence of inert counterions. These characteristics enable selectivity regulation through counterion manipulation and harness the substituent effect arising from the stabilized catalytic micro-environment at nanoscale. The effective control of regio-selectivity achieved through the global coordination of carboranyls offers valuable insights into expanding current strategy with heterocatalysts via ligand approach.
Subcellular Systems Observe Onsager Reciprocity
Authors: Horowitz Arie
Published: May 2024

The complexity of prokaryotic and, exceedingly, of eukaryotic cells, challenges the implementation of methodologies to determine causality and quantify intracellular dynamics. Although stochastic thermodynamics can be used to effectively quantify the dynamics of single proteins or complexes, there is no statistical approach that can be used to generalize subcellular microstates to determine the macrostates of a whole cell. Onsager reciprocity, a coupling between thermodynamic flows, has not been used systematically to quantify and establish causality among cellular dynamics. A prototypical thermodynamic profile of the cell is formulated as a model system to enable representation of its dynamics as force-driven thermodynamic flows. The explanatory potential of the methodology of thermodynamic reciprocity is demonstrated on molecular mechanisms in which coupling between internal fluxes is evident. Its predictive potential is then tested against mechanisms wherein coupling is unacknowledged, ruling out reciprocity between the contractile ring of the bacterial ortholog of tubulin, which facilitates the separation of dividing Escherichia colicells, and the bacterial actin ortholog, which polymerizes along the cell walls. In contrast, reciprocity is identified, albeit with a large margin of error, between the actomyosin ring, which facilitates the division of fission yeast cells and treadmilling longitudinal microtubules. Directly pertinent to the definition of the cell's prototypical thermodynamic profile, the reciprocity that was suggested between AMP-regulated kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1) in the regulation of the cell cycle is confirmed. These findings support wider implementation of thermodynamic reciprocity to quantify and establish causal relationships among cellular dynamics.
Investigation on Possibility of Mangrove Regeneration: A Case Study from Indian Sundarbans
Authors: Chatterjee Sweta , Bhandari Gupinath
Published: May 2024

Mangroves are the biotic fence of estuarine belts consisting of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in intertidal zones can be regenerated naturally as well as artificially. Mangrove regeneration refers to the process of restoring or rebuilding mangrove ecosystems that have been already degraded, damaged, or lost from their native place through the monitoring of geomorphological, taxonomical, pedological, ecological aspects. Primary objective of this study lays on the remote sensing application through several important health monitoring indices (NDVI, SAVI, OSAVI & VCCI) over the minute part of Indian Sundarbans to get proved on the possibility of mangrove regeneration. Change detection analysis on indices proves that there is possible growth and development in mangrove colonization over the same. Secondary objective is to comprehend the association of field related study with the remotely sensed data on species diversity assessment over the same where, the native species are Peyara Bain, Jat Bain, Kalo Bain, Tora, Horgoj Kanta, Kankra, Goran, Khalisi. Latter objective is associated with the tertiary one that unveils the correlation between several physico-chemical properties of soil samples taken from the field with the species accommodation. Textural classes are ranged between clay to silty clay that helps to get foundation of hard wood based species (Bain type) specifically with the salinity ranges between 200ppt (Site 2) to 633ppt (Site 1) approximately that presents the zone is highly saline zone as specifically Bain types can sustain high salinity. Importance Value Index (IVI) & species diversity indices have been run to support whether the zone is diversified or not. Equilibrium between deforestation and regeneration through reforestation has to be attained in near future as deforestation for the livelihood purposes exist so that this newly born island named Dorabagda forest, upper part (Gopalganj) of Kaikhali village would be the best example of mangrove regeneration site.
Refracturing time optimization considering the effect of induced stress by pressure depletion in the shale reservoir
Authors: Wang Qiang , Yang Yu , Wang Yufeng , Zhao Jinzhou , Zhao Jin , Jiang Fangfang
Published: May 2024

Refracturing is an important technology for tapping remaining oil and gas areas and enhancing recovery in old oilfields. However, a complete and detailed refracturing timing optimization scheme has not yet been proposed. In this paper, based on the finite volume method and the embedded discrete fracture model, a new coupled fluid-flow/geomechanics pore-elastic-fractured reservoir model is developed. The COMSOL commercial software was used to verify the accuracy of our model, and by studying the influence of matrix permeability, initial stress difference, cluster spacing and fracture half-length on the orientation of maximum horizontal stress, a timing optimization method for refracturing is proposed. The results of this paper show that the principle of optimizing the refracturing timing is to avoid the time window where the percentage of type-I (Type I indicates that stress inversion has occurred, \({0^ \circ } \leqslant \alpha \leqslant {20^ \circ }\); Type II indicates that the turning degree is strong, \({20^ \circ }<\alpha \leqslant {70^ \circ }\); and Type III indicates less stress reorientation, \({70^ \circ }<\alpha \leqslant {90^ \circ }\).) stress reorientation area is relatively large, so that the fractures can extend perpendicular to the horizontal wellbore. At the same time, the simulation results show that with the increase of production time, the percentage of type-I and type-II increases first and then decreases, while the percentage of type III decreases first and then increases. When the reservoir permeability, stress difference and cluster spacing are larger, the two types of refracturing measures can be implemented earlier. But With the increase of fracture half-length, the timing of refracturing method I is earlier, and the timing of refracturing method II is later. The research results of this paper are of great significance to the perfection of the refracturing theory and the optimization of refracturing design.
Effects of planned relocation on communities’ future coastal inundation risk
Authors: Bower Erica , Epifantseva Sonya , Schmitter Sydney , Wong-Parodi Gabrielle , Kulp Scott , Field Christopher
Published: May 2024

The planned, permanent relocation of entire communities away from areas facing sea level rise (SLR) and coastal floods is an increasingly recognized strategy for climate change adaptation. Yet, planned relocations may or may not reduce risk. We assess projections of future coastal flooding in all the completed or underway relocations that met our criteria for inclusion from a global dataset. Most of the 17 cases achieved exposure reduction with less future inundation in destinations than origin sites, but the extent varies across time and emissions scenario. In all cases, origin sites are projected to be exposed to SLR combined with a once-per-year flooding event. In nine cases, even destination sites are projected to be exposed to SLR plus a once-a-year flooding event under some scenarios. Small island-to-small island relocations had more projected inundation in destinations than moves from a small island-to-mainland, or from mainland-to-mainland.
Development of a Multimodal Deep Learning Model for Predicting Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer by Integrating Histopathological Images and Clinical Data
Authors: He Binsheng , Qiu Wenjing , Wang Bing , Yang Jingya , Mao Jinyang , Tian Geng , Xu Tao , He Jianjun , Wang Peizhen , Yang Jiasheng
Published: May 2024

Microsatellite instability (MSI) arises from defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) systems and is prevalent in various cancer types. MSI is classified as MSI-High (MSI-H), MSI-Low (MSI-L), or Microsatellite Stable (MSS), with the latter two occasionally combined into a single designation called MSI-L/MSS. Identifying the MSI status (i.e., MSI-H vs. MSI-L/MSS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is critical for guiding immunotherapy and assessing prognosis. Conventional molecular tests for MSI are expensive, time-consuming, and limited by experimental conditions. Advancements in MSI detection have been made using deep learning methods with histopathological images, yet efforts to improve MSI detection's predictive accuracy by integrating histopathological images and clinical data remain limited. This study initially analyzed clinical information variation between the MSI-H and MSI-L/MSS groups, discovering significant differences in cancer stages N and M. Subsequently, texture features were extracted using the Gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) from both groups, disclosing noteworthy disparities in mean feature information. Finally, a multimodal compact bilinear pool (MCB) was employed to merge histopathological images with clinical data. By applying this analysis framework to the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) CRC data, a prediction area under the curve (AUC) of 0.833 was achieved through 5-fold cross-validation in predicting MSI status. The results demonstrated higher accuracy in determining MSI compared to existing unimodal MSI prediction methods and other contemporary techniques. Additionally, significant regions in whole-slide images (WSI) for determining MSI labels were visualized. To summarize, this study presents an accurate multimodal deep learning model for predicting microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer by integrating histopathological images and clinical data, together with a method to visualize important regions in WSI to determine MSI status.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new isoxazole derivatives as Hsp90 inhibitors
Authors: keshavarzipour fariba , Abbasi Maryam , Khorsandi Zahra , Ardestani Mina , Sadeghi-Aliabadi Hojjat
Published: May 2024

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a molecular chaperone, contributes to the preservation of folding, structure, stability, and function proteins. In this study, novel compounds comprising isoxazole structure were designed, synthesized and their potential ability as Hsp90 inhibitors was validated through docking studies. The active site-based compounds were prepared through a multi-step synthesis process and their chemical structures were characterized employing FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry analysis. Cytotoxic and Hsp90 inhibition activities of synthesized compounds were assessed by MTT assay and ELISA kit, respectively. Based on the obtained results, compound 5 was the most cytotoxic derivative (IC50; 14 µM) against cancer cells and reduced Hsp90 expression from 5.54 ng/ml in untreated (normal cells) to 1.56 ng/ml in cancer cells. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results indicated its high affinity to target protein and approved its excellent stability which is essential for exerting an inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation.
Advancing Real-time Pandemic Forecasting Using Large Language Models: A COVID-19 Case Study
Authors: Yang Hao Frank , Du Hongru , Zhao Jianan , Zhao Yang , Xu Shaochong , Lin Xihong , Chen Yiran , Gardner Lauren
Published: May 2024

Forecasting the short-term spread of an ongoing disease outbreak is a formidable challenge due to the complexity of contributing factors, some of which can be characterized through interlinked, multi-modality variables such as epidemiological time series data, viral biology, population demographics, and the intersection of public policy and human behavior. Existing forecasting model frameworks struggle with the multifaceted nature of relevant data and robust results translation, which hinders their performances and the provision of actionable insights for public health decision-makers. Our work introduces PandemicLLM, a novel framework with multi-modal Large Language Models (LLMs) that reformulates real-time forecasting of disease spread as a text reasoning problem, with the ability to incorporate real-time, complex, non-numerical information -- such as textual policies and genomic surveillance data -- previously unattainable in traditional forecasting models. This approach, through a unique AI-human cooperative prompt design and time series representation learning, encodes multi-modal data for LLMs. By redefining the forecasting process as an ordinal classification task, PandemicLLM yields more robust and trustworthy predictions, facilitating public health decision-making. The model is applied to the COVID-19 pandemic, and trained to utilize textual public health policies, genomic surveillance, spatial, and epidemiological time series data, and is subsequently tested across all 50 states of the U.S. for a duration of 16 weeks. Empirically, PandemicLLM is shown to be a high-performing pandemic forecasting framework that effectively captures the impact of emerging variants and can provide timely and accurate predictions. The proposed PandemicLLM opens avenues for incorporating various pandemic-related data in heterogeneous formats and exhibits performance benefits over existing models. This study illuminates the potential of adapting LLMs and representation learning to enhance pandemic forecasting, illustrating how AI innovations can strengthen pandemic responses and crisis management in the future.
Menstrual hygiene management practice and associated factors among rural and urban primary school adolescent girls in Gondar city administration and Gondar zuriya district, northwest Ethiopia,2021
Authors: Kassa Woynareg , Mihiret Misganaw , Yenus Hedija
Published: May 2024

Background
Menstrual hygiene management is the practice done by girls or women through; using a clean material, changing a private way body using water with soap,and having disposal facilities. It is insufficiently acknowledged among adolescent school girls in Ethiopia. Therefore, understanding the level of hygiene management practice and identifying determinant factors is a crucial first step to taking appropriate interventions
Method
An -institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 335 urban adolescent girls from March to April 2021.Study participants were selected by using a multistage stratified sampling technique. Aninterviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were entered by using EPI INFO version 7.2 and analyzed by using STATA version 14.1 software.
Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval was employed. A P-value< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant and AOR with a 95% confidence interval was considered to show the strength of the association.
Result
Overall, prevalence of menstrual hygiene practice among adolescents’ girls were 66.0% (95% CI: 60.7, 70.9) among urban school girls. urban residence [AOR= 3.41(95% CI: 1.1, 10.58), media exposure for SNP advertisement [AOR=2.43 (95%CI; 1.08, 5.48)], good menstrual knowledge [AOR=3.68 (95% CI: 1.76, 7.69)], female toilet inside locked [AOR=2.66 (95%CI; 1.1, 6.45)], girls who have private room at home [AOR=3.53(95% CI: 1.46, 8.5)], good water accessibility (AOR=3.35(95% CI:(1.62,6.95), gain information from friends [AOR=3.35(95%CI:1.04,10.77)] were found to be significantly associated with good MHP among overall school adolescent girls,
Conclusion
Though the overall prevalence of the study was low.it was relatively better among urban school girls. It shows a significant variation between the urban and rural study groups. Therefore,Implementation of girl friendly WASH services in all schools should be applied, health education should be strengthened, WASH facilities constructed at school levels, free discussion with parents and teachers in order to practice safe MHM.
The latitudinal migration of the sunspot groups
Authors: Takalo Jouni Juhani
Published: May 2024

We analyse the monthly sunspot group (SG) data for Solar Cycles C8 - C23 and calculate the average latitude of the drift path for the northern and southern hemisphere of the Sun. We find that exponential function fits slightly better than the second-order polynomial to the average drift of the SGs. The drift velocities are are 0.30 and 0.27 degrees/month (meridional speed approximately 1.41 and 1.27 m/s) in the beginning and 0.071 and 0.069 degrees/month (approximately 0.33 and 0.32 m/s) at the end of the average cycle for northern and southern hemisphere, respectively.
We do also bi-linear fits (first-order polynomial fits in two fractions), because they tell us the crossing point were the drift velocity changes the most. This crossing point for the Cycles C8 - C23 is at 50 months and 15.4 degrees of latitude for the northern hemisphere and 54 months and -14.4 degrees for the southern hemisphere. The drift velocities calculated from the slopes of the bi-linear fits are 0.233 and 0.216 degrees/month (approximately 1.10 and 1.02 m/s) before the crossing point and 0.118 and 0.101 degrees/month (approximately 0.55 and 0.47 m/s) after the crossing point.
We find a slight dependence of the migration on the strength of the cycle such that the drift path of the stronger cycles follow slightly higher latitudes than those of the weaker cycles. The areas of the sunspot groups affect also slightly to the drift path such that large area SGs have path at somewhat lower latitudes in the ascending phase and higher latitudes in the descending phase of the cycle than the smaller area SGs.
Exploiting a Type III Interferon Response to Improve Chemotherapeutic Safety and Efficacy
Authors: TILDEN SCOTT G , Ricco Madison H , Hemann Emily A , Anchordquy Thomas J
Published: May 2024

Immune reactions to nanomedicines can be detrimental to the patient and compromise efficacy. However, our recent study characterizing the effects of a type III interferon (IFN-λ) response to lipid nanoparticles complexed with nucleic acids (lipoplexes) suggests that an IFN-λ pretreatment can increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic nanomedicines. In this study we sought to clarify which cell type(s) are capable of producing IFN-λ in response to lipoplexes and how the effects of IFN-λ are propagated. Additionally, we demonstrate that an IFN-λ pretreatment is also capable of altering the accumulation profile of small molecules like doxorubicin. Finally, we assessed different administration routes for an IFN-λ pretreatment and showed the ability of this pretreatment to significantly increase the survival time of mice receiving Doxil® in a murine CT26 tumor model. With several chemotherapeutic nanomedicines available in the clinic and an IFN-λ product recently completing late phase clinical trials, this study provides the model for a novel anti-cancer treatment regime that can be rapidly translated to the clinic and improve the efficacy of contemporary treatment protocols.
Evaluation of the effects of retro-cavity preconditioning with or without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on root surface pH and dislodgement resistance of NeoMTA2 and MTA Flow retro-fills; an ex vivo investigation
Authors: Khedmat Sedigheh , Assadian Hadi , Abaee Seyyed Ali
Published: May 2024

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of retro-cavity preconditioning with or without 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution on root surface pH as well as dislodgement resistance of NeoMTA2 and MTA Flow retro-fills.
Methods
Forty-eight single-rooted human incisors were selected. After completion of endodontic treatment, root-end resections were done and retro-cavities prepared. The samples were randomly divided into two groups of A and B (n = 24 each). In group A, retro-cavities were pre-conditioned with 2.5% NaOCl, followed by 17% EDTA solution, whereas in group B, pre-conditioning was done using 2.5% NaOCl before final irrigation with normal saline. Samples in each group were randomly subdivided into two subgroups of 1 and 2. Retro-fillings in A1 and B1 subgroups were done with MTA Flow and in A2 and B2 subgroups with NeoMTA2. Root surface pH was measured in each sample at three different stages; before preparation of retro-cavities (pH0), after retro-cavity pre-conditioning (pH1), and three days after retro-filling (pH2). Subsequently, pushout bond strength (PBS) of the retro-filling materials was measured by a universal testing machine and their failure modes visualized under 64x magnification.
Results
Preconditioning with EDTA caused a significant increase in PBS for both materials (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between average bond strength of MTA Flow and Neo MTA2 (p = 0.271). There was an increase in average pH2 compared to pH1 and pH0 in all groups (p < 0.001). Use of EDTA resulted in a significant increase in average pH2 in MTA Flow compared to Neo MTA2 (p = 0.027). Groups preconditioned with EDTA more frequently indicated a cohesive failure mode.
Conclusion
Use of EDTA significantly increased pushout bond strength of retro-fill materials to dentin. However, it did not prevent ultimate alkalinity of retro-filled cavities.
Game Theory based Incentive Mechanism Design and Analysis for the Public EVONChain
Authors: Li Jing , Xie Tao , Liu Yiwei
Published: May 2024

Incentive mechanisms serve as the driving force behind blockchain operations, bearing significant implications for the practical applications of blockchain technology. However, existing incentive mechanisms predominantly focus on incentivization from a monetary perspective, with minimal incorporation of punitive measures, thus exhibiting limited efficacy in regulating system entities. Furthermore, the assurance of providing adequate incentives for the full nodes of the system cannot be guaranteed, potentially resulting in node attrition and posing threats to blockchain security. In this paper, we propose EVONIncentive, a hybrid incentive scheme based on game theory for the bi-tiered public blockchain called EVONChain. It adopts a hybrid incentive form of monetary and reputation, introducing fee selection mechanisms, compensation mechanisms, and supervisory penalty mechanisms to ensure the sustainability, fairness, and security of the Blockchain system. Two Stackelberg dynamic game models are constructed based on different issues, and through algorithm design and mathematical derivation, the optimal incentive allocation is obtained. Finally, through numerical simulation experiments, the specific values of relevant parameters such as mining rewards, transaction fee, and compensation are determined. A comparative experiment with the Ethereum 1.0 incentive mechanism is implemented. The results show that EVONIncentive has significant advantages over Ethereum 1.0 incentive mechanism in terms of system social welfare, user income gap, and fairness.
Transcriptome profiling reveals that differences in regulatory patterns of gonad development between male and female largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) contribute to dimorphic weight gain
Authors: Wang Qingchun , Lu Siqi , Hua Jixiang , Li Yan , Tao Yifan , Jiang Bingjie , Dong Yalun , Duan Xuejun , Qiang Jun
Published: May 2024

Background
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a sexually dimorphic oviparous species with a significant disparity in gonad size between males and females. Analyzing the mechanism of gonad development is crucial for studying individual growth and development in largemouth bass.
Methods
In this study, histological analyses, transcriptome sequencing, and fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses were employed to examine the disparities in gonad development between male and female largemouth bass.
Results
The results indicated a significantly higher growth rate of females than of males, with the ovaries exhibiting greater fullness than the testes. The weight of the mature ovaries was four to five times that of the testes. High transcript levels of acsl5, cidec, lrp13, and elovl1a in the ovary were related to the accumulation of lipid droplets and yolk particles in oocytes. Among the genes with high transcript levels in the ovary, gdf9, ccnb1, ldlrap1a, srd5a1, hsd17b12a, and lfng encoded proteins involved in the regulation of follicle development, oocyte proliferation and differentiation, and steroid hormone synthesis to promote ovarian development. Some of the genes showing high transcript levels in the testes (tekt1, mns1, lrguk, spag6, spef2, and nme5) were implicated in flagella formation, and tdrd5 and star were involved in sperm development. Some of the identified sex-determining genes also exerted significant influences on gonad development. The gene dmrt1, which was specific expressed in spermatogonia, likely plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, whereas btg4, which was specific expressed in the cytoplasm of female oocytes, may participate in regulating meiosis and facilitating oocyte cytoplasm maturation.
Conclusions
There was an enhancement in the biosynthesis of lipid droplets and yolk granules in oocytes, increasing oocytes cell growth and proliferation. As well as a significant number of genes concentrated on the formation of sperm flagella and other structures. Differences in gene expression led to an increase in the difference in volume between spermatogonia and oocytes during their respective maturation processes, resulting in a significant disparity in both size and weight between the testes and the ovaries. Our findings offer valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying gonad development of largemouth bass.
Deciphering Glutamine Metabolism Patterns for Malignancy and Tumor Microenvironment in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Gengrun , Ye Shiqi , Zhou Siqi , Chen Yuanbiao , Tian Xi , Anwaier Aihetaimujiang , Su Jiaqi , Zhu Shuxuan , Xu Wenhao , Zhang Hailiang , Ye Dingwei
Published: May 2024

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents a prevalent primary malignancy of the urinary system. Glutamine metabolism is pivotal in metabolic reprogramming, contributing to the significant heterogeneity observed in ccRCC. Consequently, developing prognostic markers associated with glutamine metabolism could enhance personalized treatment strategies for ccRCC patients. This study obtained RNA sequencing and clinical data from 763 ccRCC cases sourced from multiple databases. Consensus clustering of 74 GMRGs (glutamine metabolism related genes) profiles stratified the samples into three clusters, each exhibiting distinct prognostic, genomic, tumor microenvironment (TME), and fundamental biological characteristics. Subsequently, six genes (SMTNL2, MIOX, TMEM27, SLC16A12, HRH2, and SAA1) were identified to develop a predictive signature related to glutamine metabolism, termed GMRScore, employing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses. The novel signature was demonstrated exceptional robustness and predictive capability regarding patients' overall survival. The constructed nomogram incorporating the GMRScore and clinical features showed strong predictive performance. Additionally, patients stratified by GMRScore exhibited distinct immunological features and response to immunotherapy. Furthermore, we validated the reliability of the GMRScore in two external clinical cohort receiving immune checkpoint blockade (n=302). ALDH18A1, one of the GRMGs, exhibited elevated protein expression levels in tumor tissues, as indicated by proteomic profiling of 232 ccRCC samples obtained from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Conducting western blotting, CCK-8, transwell, and flow cytometry assays, we revealed that the knockdown of ALDH18A1 in ccRCC significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration in two human ccRCC cell lines (786-O and 769-P). In conclusion, we developed a GMRScore for ccRCC closely associated with the immune landscape and response to ICB, potentially made for personalized treatment decisions for ccRCC patients. Additionally, this study is the first to suggest a role for ALDH18A1 in promoting progression in ccRCC.
A Comparative Analysis of Two Double-Plate Fixation Techniques for Supra and Intercondylar Fractures of the Distal Humerus
Authors: Bahroun Sami , GRAMI Hamdi , KACEM Mohamed Samih , ALOUI Alaa , JLALIA Zied , DAGHFOUS Mohamed Samir
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients with intercondylar humerus fractures treated with orthogonal and parallel plating methods using precontoured plates. It was a retrospective comparative study conducted on 50 adult patients with supra and intercondylar humerus fractures treated surgically over an eleven-year period. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A underwent internal fixation using parallel plating while Group B received orthogonal plating. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), and radiographic assessments included time to consolidation, pseudoarthrosis, malunion and hardware removal. Both groups exhibited similar demographic and preoperative characteristics. Functional outcomes assessed by MEPS showed no significant difference between the groups. Radiographically, comparable healing times and rates of complications were observed including pseudoarthrosis, malunion and hardware removal. The study findings suggest that both orthogonal and parallel plating methods yield comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes in the treatment of intercondylar humerus fractures. These results underscore the effectiveness of both techniques and emphasize the importance of further research to elucidate the optimal plating method for specific fracture patterns.
Comprehensive Exploration of Facial Emotion Recognition using Conventional Machine Learning and Transfer learning Models
Authors: Saravanan C , Poonkodi M , Sankar Prem
Published: May 2024

Facial emotion recognition plays a vital role in enhancing human-computer interaction by allowing machines to perceive and react to human emotions. This paper conducts an in-depth exploration of various methodologies employed for recognizing facial emotions, emphasizing both traditional machine learning techniques and contemporary transfer learning models. We delve into a variety of algorithms such as support vector machines, and sophisticated neural networks like ResNet, EfficientNet, and MobileNet, assessing their efficacy using the standard MUG Facial Expression dataset. These models are tested to discern complex patterns in facial expressions, vital for accurate emotion detection. Our extensive analysis sheds light on the capabilities and constraints of each approach, providing valuable insights that pave the way for further research and practical deployments in this dynamic field. This comprehensive review aims to guide future advancements and enhance the practicality of facial emotion recognition systems.
A molecular dynamics study of the effects of silane and cellulose nanocrystals at a glass fiber and epoxy interphase
Authors: Haque Ejaz , Kalaitzidou Kyriaki , Wu Xiawa
Published: May 2024

Due to commonly observed adhesive fracture, the interphase regions between fibers and matrix have often been considered a critical design factor in polymer matrix composites. This study uses molecular dynamics simulation to explore the effects of two modifications at a glass fiber and epoxy interphase by adding a silane sizing and a cellulose nanocrystal particle. Based on the interphase density profile, the silane coating and the cellulose nanocrystal increase the interphase thickness and create an interpenetration region with the epoxy matrix. The results of shear deformation show that the main effect of the silane coating is to enhance the shear modulus and strength at the interphase and change the failure mode from adhesive to cohesive fracture. In addition, adding a rigid cellulose nanocrystal increases the interphase stiffness regardless of the silane environment, and it causes a similar transition to cohesive fracture when silane is absent. A trajectory analysis shows that the cellulose nanocrystal particle is physically absorbed on the glass fiber surface without silane, and it is physically confined in a region between silane and epoxy when silane is added. Overall, a cellulose nanocrystal particle increases the surface roughness at a glass fiber surface, leading to an improved shear modulus at the interphase of a glass fiber and epoxy composite.
Interpillar distance effect in a two-step microneedle DRIE process and its transfer to polymeric microneedles
Authors: Chávez-Urbiola Iker Rodrigo , Ponce-Hernández Juan , León-Muñoz Gilberto , Cruz-Zabalegui Alexis , Fernandez-Benavides David , Alcantar-Peña Jesús Javier , Martínez-Sanmiguel Juan José , Díaz-Alonso Daniela , Alvarado-Muñoz Estephanny Jocelyn
Published: May 2024

This work presents the effect of interpillar distance in a two-step DRIE process for microneedles fabrication. The two-step DRIE process consists of a pillar creation followed by the pillar etching till turning it into a needle. The effect was carried out in a dumbell-well pattern. The employed dumbell-well pattern was adjusted to produce 650 µm microneedle height. The microneedle density was fixed at 657 / cm2, and the interpillar distance was increased by reducing the pillar area. At a short interpillar distance, 25 µm, the etching rate is higher on the surface; for a wider distance, 75–100 µm, the etching produces triangular needles. At an interpillar distance of 200 µm or greater, the pillar etch rate becomes uniform along the microneedle height, producing a thin, sharp micropillar. The obtained silicon microneedles were employed to fabricate polymeric microneedles via micro-molding. The polymeric microneedles obtained by micro-molding showed the exact geometry of the original one. The obtained polymeric microneedles showed the capacity to penetrate the skin with a 0.5 N.
Research on Chinese named entity recognition based on feature fusion
Authors: Lin Li , Mao Xinguang , Zhang Lin
Published: May 2024

Its core goal is to extract entities with specific meanings from text, and classify and label them. Recognizing entities in text can provide support for downstream tasks such as knowledge graphs, machine translation, and question answering systems, and therefore has important practical significance and research value. At present, the deep learning technology is used to classify Chinese names, and a satisfactory result is obtained. However, due to the characteristics and complexity of Chinese semantics, the current entity recognition methods of Chinese names still have some problems, such as the entity boundary is difficult to be divided, the structure is flexible, and the entity is easy to be confused. This project intends to start with the extraction of multi-source information of Chinese name entities, build semantic information based on multi-source semantic information, and build a semantic entity model based on feature fusion. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of Chinese name ontology recognition based on semantic analysis. Based on this, this paper conducts research on Chinese named entity recognition technology that uses multiple features for semantic enhancement. First, the research background and current situation of named entity recognition are analyzed and the various basic neural networks widely used in Chinese named entity recognition algorithms and the basic structure of mainstream models are introduced. Secondly, the entity boundaries faced by current Chinese named entity recognition are difficult to divide., flexible word formation, entity ambiguity and other difficulties, two Chinese named entity recognition models based on external semantic information enhancement are proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the Chinese named entity recognition task and further improve the three different models of MSRA, Resume and Weibo.
One city to rule them all? The production of copper in Enkomi, Cyprus: the evidence from the metallurgical ceramic assemblage
Authors: Ioannides Demetrios , Kassianidou Vasiliki , Papasavvas George
Published: May 2024

The socio-political organisation of Cyprus during the Late Bronze Age (LBA) is still an active field of scholarly debate. In the second half of the 2nd mil. BCE, the prevailing interpretations favour either a unified or a decentralised administration model on the island. Enkomi is listed as one of the most important Late Cypriot (LC) sites in both models. The rise of this urban centre can be largely attributed to the control of copper production during the LC period. The results of the chemical and microstructural analysis of the archaeometallurgical ceramic assemblage from the copper workshops in Area III at Enkomi are presented here. Our research revealed that the ceramics were exclusively used for copper-based secondary metallurgical activities. This ground-breaking project, the first in Cypriot archaeometallurgy to focus solely on technical ceramics, adds significant new knowledge to the reconstruction of the copper production organisation and Enkomi’s standing among the LC polities. Furthermore, these new findings pave the way for the development of a comparative analysis of the various stages of the copper production sequence in Cyprus as reflected in metallurgical ceramic assemblages.
Synergistic effect of repurposed mitomycin C in combination with antibiotics against Aeromonas infection: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Authors: Yeh Cheng-Fa , Chen Chi-Chung , Lai Chih-Cheng , Liu Jin-Wei , Tang Hung-Jen , Su Wen-Pin
Published: May 2024

Background
Aeromonas infections pose a significant threat, presenting a potentially life-threatening condition associated with high mortality rates. This study investigates the potential of mitomycin C (MMC), an anticancer drug, as a novel antimicrobial agent against Aeromonas infections.
Methods
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MMC and antibiotics against clinical isolates of Aeromonas species were assessed, using broth microdilution. Synergistic effects of MMC with antibiotics were assessed through time-kill studies. Additionally, we analyzed MMC's intracellular killing effects using a representative Aeromonas isolate. Efficacy of combined therapies was evaluated in neutropenic mice model.
Results
We found that only three antibiotics-ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LVX), and tigecycline (TGC) maintained susceptibility rates exceeding 90% under high inoculum conditions. Significantly, in vitro investigations demonstrated a synergistic effect over a 24-hour period when combining the 1/8x MIC of MMC with the 1x or 1/2x MICs of LVX, in a time–kill study. Furthermore, in vivo in neutropenic mice, the combination of 2 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg MMC with LVX resulted in 100% and 80% survival, respectively, whereas treatment with either drug alone resulted in 0% survival rate.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that MMC can be repurposed as an antimicrobial agent, particularly with a minimized dose and in combination with antibiotics.
Benchmarking germline variant calling performance of a GPU-accelerated tool on whole-genome sequencing datasets
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhang Qian , Ai Fandi , Bu Fengxiao , Yuan Huijun
Published: May 2024

Background
Rapid advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have enabled ultralarge population and cohort studies to identify DNA variants that may impact gene function. Efficient bioinformatics tools, such as read alignment and variant calling, are essential for processing massive amounts of sequencing data. To increase the analysis speed, multiple software and hardware acceleration strategies have been developed. This study comprehensively evaluated germline variant calling via the GPU-based acceleration tool BaseNumber using WGS datasets from various sources. These included standard whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from the Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) and the Golden Standard of China Genome (GSCG) projects, resequenced GSCG samples, and 100 in-house samples from the Genome Sequencing of Rare Diseases (GSRD) project. The variant calling outputs were compared to the reference and the results generated by the Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA) and Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) pipeline.
Results
BaseNumber demonstrated high precision (99.32%) and recall (99.86%) rates in variant calls compared to the standard reference. The output comparison between the BaseNumber and GATK pipelines yielded nearly identical results, with a mean F1 score of 99.69%. Additionally, BaseNumber took 23 minutes on average to analyze a 48X WGS sample, which was 215.33 times faster than the GATK workflow.
Conclusions
The GPU-based BaseNumber provides a highly accurate and ultrafast variant calling capability, significantly improving WGS analysis efficiency and facilitating time-sensitive tests, such as clinical WGS genetic diagnosis. This study also sheds light on the GPU-based acceleration of other omics data analyses.
Darcy-Forchheimer Hybrid Nanofluids Flow in Inner Extending and Outer Static Coaxial Cylinders for Thermal Applications
Authors: Alharbi Sayer Obaid
Published: May 2024

Hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) containing Al2O3 (Aluminum Oxide) and TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide) nanoparticles (NPs) are an emerging area of research with potential applications in many fields, such as heat transfer enhancement and medical treatments. These nanofluids exhibit unique properties that make them attractive for such applications, including enhanced thermal conductivity, antimicrobial properties, and biocompatibility. This pioneering study investigates the flow behavior of Al2O3 and TiO2 HNFs between the two coaxial cylinders including the stretching inner cylinder which is covered by the outer static cylinder such that the inside cylinder is heated and the external cylinder is cooled. The flow is driven by the stretching performance of the inner cylinder, and the curvature term between the two cylinders, and the heat transfer performance is evaluated based on the Nusselt number, which describes the effectiveness of heat transfer. The Darcy-Forchheimer medium is considered for the fluid flow in the existence of thermal radiations and viscous dissipation effects. The gap between the cylinders is varied to get different observations on the drag coefficient and heat transfer rate. The transformed set of nonlinear equations has been tackled through the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The curvature of the cylinders, gap parameters, Eckert number, radiation parameter, and nanoparticle volume fractions influence are observed. The % analysis to investigate the heat transfer enhancement also has been analyzed. The existing literature is recovered by exceeding the gap between the two cylinders to infinity.