bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating uncertainty in read‐out patterns: Application to controls‐based denoising and voxel‐based morphometry patterns in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases
Authors: Blum Dominik , Hepp Tobias , Belov Valdimir , Goya‐Maldonado Roberto , la Fougère Christian , Reimold Matthias
Published: March 2023

Quantifying pathology‐related patterns in patient data with pattern expression score (PES) is a standard approach in medical image analysis. In order to estimate the PES error, we here propose to express the uncertainty contained in read‐out patterns in terms of the expected squared Euclidean distance between the read‐out pattern and the unknown “true” pattern (squared standard error of the read‐out pattern, SE2). Using SE2, we predicted and optimized the net benefit (NBe) of the recently suggested method controls‐based denoising (CODE) by weighting patterns of nonpathological variance (NPV). Multi‐center MRI (1192 patients with various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, 1832 healthy controls) were analysed with voxel‐based morphometry. For each pathology, accounting for SE2, NBe correctly predicted classification improvement and allowed to optimize NPV pattern weights. Using these weights, CODE improved classification performances in all but one analyses, for example, for prediction of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AUC 0.81 vs. 0.75, p = .01), diagnosis of autism (AUC 0.66 vs. 0.60, p < .001), and of major depressive disorder (AUC 0.62 vs. 0.50, p = .03). We conclude that the degree of uncertainty in a read‐out pattern should generally be reported in PES‐based analyses and suggest using weighted CODE as a complement to PES‐based analyses.
Serum vitamin D concentration, vitamin D‐related polymorphisms, and colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Li Jiaoyuan , Qin Shifan , Zhang Shanshan , Lu Yifan , Shen Qian , Cheng Liming , Zhong Rong
Published: March 2023

Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has been demonstrated to be associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains unclear whether this association was modified by vitamin D‐related polymorphisms. We evaluated association of serum 25(OH)D concentration with CRC risk among 403 170 participants from UK Biobank Project. Two variants of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), rs4588 and rs7041, were included to estimate the binding affinity of 25(OH)D to VDBP, and three variants of vitamin D receptor (VDR), rs11568820, rs2228570 and rs1544410, which may influence VDR activity, were also investigated. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 4 957 677 person‐years of follow‐up, 5053 incident CRC cases were documented. Higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly associated with lower CRC incidence in a dose‐response manner, with HR (95% CIs) being 0.94 (0.91‐0.97) per 1 SD increment of serum 25(OH)D level (Ptrend < .001). When separated by anatomic site, we observed a significant association between higher 25(OH)D and lower incidence of colon cancer (Ptrend < .001), but not rectal cancer (Ptrend = .880). The inverse associations between 25(OH)D level and CRC risk were demonstrated in almost all individuals carrying different GC or VDR genotypes, except for those with rs1544410 TT or rs4588 TT genotypes. There was no significant interaction between any single variant, or haplotypes of GC or VDR, and 25(OH)D level. Our findings suggest the potential benefits of maintaining adequate vitamin D for CRC prevention, particularly for tumors from colon.
Identifying differential trajectories and predictors for depressive symptoms in adolescents using latent class growth analysis: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ho Yen‐Chung , Chiou Hung‐Yi , Molloy Luke , Lin Kuan‐Chia , Chang Pi‐Chen , Chang Hsiu‐Ju
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This study investigated the differential trajectories and relevant determinants of depressive symptoms in adolescents by following cohorts that included junior, senior, and vocational high school adolescents, over a 3‐year period in Taiwan.

Methods

Longitudinal data were obtained from 575 adolescents who participated in the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Study. Data analysis included latent class growth with time‐varying covariate, univariate, and multivariate analysis.

Results

A three‐class (“low but increasing trajectory,” “moderate and stable trajectory,” and “high but decreasing trajectory”) model fit the data of the cohort. Our findings indicated that 29%, 38%, and 33% of the adolescents were in the low but increasing, moderate and stable, and high but decreasing trajectories, respectively. After confounders were controlled for, bullying experiences were identified as a risk factor for depressive symptoms. The protective factors against depressive symptoms included resilience and peer and social support.

Conclusions

The transitions between different educational stages critically influence the depressive symptoms of adolescents, and the adolescents follow different depressive trajectories, that have different etiology. Therefore, identifying adolescents at high risk for depression and designing student‐centered intervention programs through individualized and multidimensional assessment of depressive symptoms are crucial for adolescents.
Recall bias of students' affective experiences in adolescence: The role of personality and internalizing behavior
Authors: Schmidt Philipp , Jendryczko David , Zurbriggen Carmen L. A. , Nussbeck Fridtjof W.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Adolescence is characterized by multiple biopsychosocial changes, associated with a high intraindividual variability of emotional experiences. Previous findings suggest that this intraindividual variability is reflected in a recall bias of adolescents' emotion reports. However, corresponding findings are scarce and inconclusive. Studies on predictors of recall bias in adulthood indicate that personality traits, especially neuroticism and extraversion, as well as specific internalizing disorders might affect recall bias of emotion reports.

Methods

The sample consists of 118 Swiss adolescent students in grade 8 and 9 (Mage = 15.15, SDage = 0.89). The students' momentary affective experience was recorded using smartphones over seven consecutive days in situ at 42 randomly generated occasions (six per day), with a total of 1059 protocols on current events. At the end of the experience‐sampling phase, students filled out an online questionnaire, providing information about their personality and typical behavior as well as their retrospective affective experience. In addition, the students' behavior was evaluated by their teachers. We applied two‐level structural equation modeling with latent difference variables.

Results

Adolescents high in extraversion showed retrospective overestimation of positive affective experiences and underestimation of negative affective experiences. Adolescents with high neuroticism tended to overestimate negative affect retrospectively, showing no significant effects for positive affect. However, internalizing behavior did not predict a negative recall bias in adolescents' affective experience.

Conclusions

Retrospective self‐reports about adolescents' affective experience are biased by relatively stable individual factors, whereas less stable individual factors did not seem to have any influence.
Acute onset dermatomyositis with NXP‐2 antibodies after Sars‐CoV‐2 vaccination in a 20‐year‐old female
Authors: Porter Emma , Byrne Berbie , Sarfaraz Sumreen , Leonard Niamh , Field Sinead
Published: March 2023

Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune connective tissue disease with variable cutaneous and systemic manifestations. While multiple cutaneous reactions to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination have been described, vaccine‐associated emergence of dermatomyositis has rarely been reported. Cases of deterioration in pre‐existing connective tissue diseases have been described following both vaccination and COVID‐19 infection. A potential mechanism of immune system activation and dysregulation has been suggested. This case describes acute onset of dermatomyositis in a young female, presenting with classic cutaneous features including Gottron papules, Holster sign and proximal nail fold erythema, accompanied with myalgia and fatigue. Laboratory findings of elevated creatine kinase and myositis‐specific autoantibodies confirmed the diagnosis, with supportive histological findings of necrotic keratinocytes at the dermoepidermal junction. In keeping with the typical progression of dermatomyositis with NXP‐2 autoantibodies, cutaneous findings resolved rapidly, while systemic manifestations slowly improved with treatment. Thorough investigations for underlying malignancy were completed. This case adds to the limited medical literature surrounding these cases and further highlights the importance of consideration of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in the immunologic pathophysiology of autoimmune connective tissue diseases.
Risk spillover networks in financial markets: Evidence from emerging markets
Authors: Jin Yujia , Zhang Ailian , Liu Bai
Published: March 2023

This paper empirically explores dynamic risk impact of extreme volatility between stock and foreign exchange markets in emerging markets. Based on CoVaR analysis, we construct networks to investigate the nonlinear and dynamic evolution characteristics of risk contagion. The results show that stock and foreign exchange markets exhibit asymmetric tail dependence. All networks present small world network characteristics. The risk tolerance impact is more noticeable than risk overflow and stock markets are more sensitive to risk contagion. In the minimum spanning tree (MST), Korean stock market and foreign exchange markets of India and China are critical nodes in the minimum path of risk overflow.
Microbiome–Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Holothuria leucospilota Polysaccharides (HLP) in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhu Kexue , Zeng Shunjiang , Zheng Yuanping , Cao Jun , Li Chuan
Published: March 2023

Scope

Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP) are bioactive polysaccharides with immunomodulatory effects. This study aims to investigate the impact of HLP on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis in rats and further investigate the complex interactions between changes in intestinal microbiota, cometabolites, and intestinal inflammation under HLP intervention.

Methods and results

The ulcerative colitis (UC) model of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats is established by a normal diet with 3%DSS. The effects of HLP on UC are studied by gavage of different doses of HLP for 2 weeks. The results show that HLP alleviate the inflammation of UC and reduce histological damage and secretion of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐6, IL‐1β, and IL‐10. After HLP treatment, the intestinal flora of UC rats is regulated, and the flora diversity is restored. Fecal metabolomics analysis reveal the modulatory effects of HLP on amino acid metabolism, antimicrobial peptide anabolism, and energy metabolism in rats with colitis. Correlation analysis of microbial and intestinal metabolites reveals the potential mechanism of HLP affecting colitis.

Conclusion

HLP repair the intestinal compartment's metabolic disorder by regulating intestinal flora's structure and alleviating colonic mucosal injury and inflammation in colitis rats.
Encapsulated Colorimetric Indicators used as Additives During the Polymerization of Smart Polyethylene
Authors: Heck Cesar A. , dos Santos João Henrique Z.
Published: March 2023

A number of colorimetric pH indicators (phenolphthalein, bromocresol green, 4‐nitrophenol, phenol red, and bromothymol blue) are encapsulated within silica particles via an acid‐catalyzed sol–gel process. The fabricated indicator is added during ethylene polymerization with a metallocene (Cp2ZrCl2) catalyst. Introduction of the indicator into the silica matrix affects the surface area, probably by partially blocking some of the pores. The encapsulated pH indicator reduces the catalytic activity by up to 17%, whereas adding a solution of the indicator reduced the catalytic activity by up to 34%. The crystallinities of the samples containing the silica‐encapsulated pH indicators are lower than those of the samples to which the pH indicator is added in solution form. The prepared encapsulated colorimetric pH indicators are analyzed by diffuse reflectance UV‐vis spectroscopy. The measured color values are distributed according to the CIE Lab lightness psychometric color space. Addition of the indicator in solution form (free) to the ethylene polymerization reaction does not result in indicator activity in acidic or alkaline media. The pH indicators incorporated into the polyethylene show color changes when exposed to acidic and alkaline media. Samples to which the unencapsulated pH indicators (free) are added exhibit lower catalytic activities and higher crystallinities than the samples containing the encapsulated pH.
Augmented reality and nonprofit marketing during the COVID‐19 pandemic: AR factors that influence community participation and willingness to contribute to causes
Authors: Yoo Seung‐Chul , Drumwright Minette E. , Piscarac Diana
Published: March 2023

This study used augmented reality (AR) to test the effects of perceived social presence, perceived media richness, media empathy and social capital on intentions to participate in prosocial, community‐oriented behaviors in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, which appeared to be rife with fear. Specifically, a structural model was employed to assess the hypothesized relationships based on questionnaire data from 476 respondents, who were divided into high and low fear groups. The findings revealed that perceived media richness and social presence both had a significant influence on media empathy, which in turn affected users' perceptions of social capital. Social capital predicted users' community participation intentions, which included intentions to donate. The paths from perceived social presence and perceived media richness to social capital were not significant, and media empathy did not directly influence prosocial, community participation intentions. There were no significant differences between the high and low COVID‐19 fear groups. Overall, this study confirmed the importance of leveraging media richness and social presence to create media content designed to prompt users to identify with those who are negatively affected by the cause, so that media empathy will be boosted. Media empathy should be increased in a manner that leads users to feel connected to a larger community, so that perceptions of social capital will be boosted and will lead to prosocial, community participation activities and donations to the cause.
The frequency of psychiatric disorder co‐morbidities in patients with fibromyalgia: A cross‐sectional study in Iran
Authors: Sadr Sara , Mobini Maryam , Tabarestani Mohammad , Islami Parkoohi Parisa , Elyasi Forouzan
Published: March 2023

Aim

This study aimed to investigate psychiatric disorders in Iranian female patients with fibromyalgia (FM).

Design

Female patients, newly diagnosed with FM, were interviewed by a psychiatrist for psychiatric assessments during a 2‐year period.

Methods

The diagnosis of the psychiatric disorders was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5), and sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Results

In total, 159 patients with the mean age of 42.15 ± 9.89 were recruited in this study. Over 92% of the cases were also diagnosed with at least one type of psychiatric disorder. Sleep disorders (SDs, 90.57%), mood disorders (MDs, 52.83%), personality disorders (PDs, 40.25%) and anxiety disorders (ADs, 16.98%) were the most prevalent diagnoses among these patients. The logistic regression results correspondingly showed that suffering from Cluster‐B PDs was associated with a higher prevalence rate of somatic symptom disorders (SSDs), with a p‐value of 0.019 and an odds ratio (OR) of 2.7.
Improved alginate‐based films by Ylang‐ylang (Cananga odorata L) oil incorporation
Authors: Nkede Francis Ngwane , Wardana Ata Aditya , Phuong Nguyen Thi Hang , Xirui Yan , Koga Arisa , Wardak Mohammad Hamayoon , Tanaka Fumina , Tanaka Fumihiko
Published: March 2023

In this study, edible films composed of 1% (w/v) alginate (Alg) and ylang‐ylang essential oil (YYEO, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) were fabricated and characterized for the first time. The alginate suspension viscosity increased significantly from 255.8 to 290.5 Cp, with a corresponding significant film thickness increase from 0.029 to 0.043 mm. There was also a significant decrease in moisture content (MC%) from 30.22 to 23.93%. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses showed an increased Alg/YYEO film roughness. The presence of YYEO in the alginate film was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. YYEO addition induced no significant change in total color difference (ΔE). There was a decrease in tensile strength and a significant (p < 0.05) increased elongation at break (EAB%) by 83.11%. The Alg/0.3% YYEO film demonstrated improved water vapor permeability compared with the other films. The Alg/0.5% YYEO film had strong antioxidant scavenging properties (27.94%), and an opacity of 3.60 A/mm. Both the Alg/0.3% YYEO and 0.5% YYEO coating solutions greatly improved antifungal properties against Botrytis cinerea. Therefore, alginate films incorporating YYEO are viable materials for edible films and coatings in fresh produce packaging.
Composite electrolyte with polyethylene oxide and metal–organic framework for lithium‐ion conduction
Authors: Zerin Nagma , Yin Xinyang , Maranas Janna K.
Published: March 2023

Polyethylene oxide based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are safer alternatives to the current flammable liquid electrolytes used in lithium‐ion batteries. Lithium ions are typically thought to conduct through the amorphous regions of SPEs with the aid of polymer segmental motion, which is correlated with the glass transition temperature (Tg). The ionic conductivity is generally increased by making the polymer more flexible (decreasing Tg) and/or by increasing the amorphous regions of the SPE, at the cost of compromising its stiffness. This trade‐off makes it impossible to optimize both ionic conductivity and stiffness of SPEs. By incorporating a metal–organic framework (MOF) nanowhisker with the composition EO:Li = 6:1 [EO = ether oxygen, Li = lithium], we synthesized a unique composite electrolyte. We observed an atypical conductivity mechanism in this composite electrolyte, where lithium ions conduct through the crystalline regions without decreasing Tg or increasing amorphous fraction. The room‐temperature ionic conductivity of the 6:1 polymer electrolyte increased by almost 400% when 2 wt% MOF nanowhisker was added. Our results supported the potential of a composite electrolyte, which enables simultaneous improvement in both conductivity and stiffness.
Social support and childhood cancer survivors: A systematic review (2006–2022)
Authors: Deegan Avril , Brennan Ciara , Gallagher Pamela , Lambert Veronica , Dunne Simon
Published: March 2023

Objective

Research has indicated that social support may play a protective role in the face of stress and help children and adolescents cope with the demands and challenges they face on a daily basis during their cancer journey. However, social support tends to reduce over time as survivors overcome their illness despite its ongoing importance even years after treatment has finished. The current review aimed to systematically examine existing evidence on social support in child and adolescent cancer survivors.

Methods

Five databases (PsychINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched systematically to identify quantitative studies which explored social support from the perspective of child and adolescent cancer survivors aged 18 years or younger.

Results

A total of 10 studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Findings from the review indicate that family and friends, particularly parents, are important sources of social support for survivors. Social support was positively related to posttraumatic growth, school re‐entry and physical activity, and negatively related to psychological stress, depression, anxiety and stress. Furthermore, findings relating to gender, age and group differences were mixed. A number of methodological concerns were identified in the reviewed studies including small sample sizes, as well as a lack of consistency in the measurement of social support.

Conclusions

Future studies of social support for child and adolescent cancer survivors need to address these shortcomings to help inform care and support interventions promoting social support in survivors.
Proton therapy for high‐risk prostate cancer: Results from the Proton Collaborative Group PCG 001‐09 prospective registry trial
Authors: Hasan Shaakir , Lazarev Stanislav , Garg Madhur , Gozland Rachel , Chang John , Hartsell William , Chen Jonathan , Tsai Henry , Vargas Carlos , Simone Charles B. , Gorovets Daniel
Published: March 2023

Background

Data for proton therapy in high‐risk prostate cancer (HRPC) are limited. Using the Proton Collaborative Group prospective registry, we evaluated outcomes for HRPC patients treated with proton therapy.

Methods

A totsl of 605 men with localized HRPC treated with proton therapy from 8/2009 to 3/2019 at nine institutions were selected. Outcomes examined included freedom from progression (FFP), metastasis free survival (MFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Multivariable cox/binomial regression models were used to assess predictors of FFP and toxicity.

Results

Median age was 71 years. Gleason grade groups 4 (49.4%) and 5 (31.7%) were most common, as were clinical stage T1c (46.1%) and cT2 (41.3%). The median pretreatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 9.18 and median International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was 6. Androgen deprivation therapy was given in 63.6%. Median dose was 79.2 GyE in 44 fractions. Pelvic lymph nodes were treated in 58.2% of cases. Pencil beam scanning was used in 54.5%, uniform scanning in 38.8%, and a rectal spacer in 14.2%. At a median followup of 22 months, the 3‐ and 5‐year FFP were 90.7% and 81.4%, respectively. Five‐year MFS and OS were 92.8% and 95.9%, respectively. Independent correlates of FFP included Gleason ≥8, PSA > 10, and cT2 (all p < 0.05). No grade 4 or 5 adverse events were reported. There were 23 (5%) grade 2 and 0 grade 3 gastrointestinal events. Prevalence of late grade 3, late grade 2, acute grade 3, and acute grade 2 genitourinary toxicity was 1.7%, 5.8%, 0%, and 21.8%, respectively. Prevalence of grade 2 and 3 erectile dysfunction at 2 years was 48.4% and 8.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

In the largest series published to date, our results suggest early outcomes using proton therapy for HRPC are encouraging for both safety and efficacy. Further evaluation is needed to determine if an advantage exists to use protons over other radiation techniques in this population.
Tip Modification for Interaction Studies Between Polysaccharides and Dental Materials
Authors: Ehnert Swen , Müller-Renno Christine , Hannig Matthias , Ziegler Christiane
Published: March 2023

Neutral polysaccharides, such as bacterial dextrans, are one of the main components of the oral conditioning film, which is the first step in the formation of microbial biofilms on dental materials in the oral cavity. Although they play an essential role alongside proteins, their adhesion mechanisms are still very unknown. Therefore, they are currently being studied using various analytical methods. In particular, by means of scanning force spectroscopy (SFS), the adhesion forces are to be measured as a function of multiple parameters such as pH value or surface material. Cantilever tips must therefore be modified with the polysaccharide of interest. A stable coupling of dextran, which serves as a model polysaccharide here, can be achieved by a photochemical modification method, which is verified by fluorescence microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning force microscopy, and SFS.
Air‐Sensitive HfSe2‐Based Temperature Indicator for 2D Electronic Devices
Authors: Shen Yaqi , Yang Junqiang , Yuan Yahua , Jing Yumei , Yi Ying , Liu Xiaochi , Sun Jian
Published: March 2023

Joule heating‐induced temperature distribution is a critical thermal issue in 2D electronics, with implications for their performance optimization and potential device failure. Herein, the feasibility of using van der Waals integrated HfSe2 to indicate surface temperature distribution in 2D electronics is demonstrated. The air oxidation of HfSe2is found to be sensitive to its thickness and ambient temperatures, with the resulting oxidation products varying accordingly. Joule heating from the operation of 2D devices rises the local temperature, which accelerates the air oxidation of HfSe2and changes the composition of the oxidized HfSe2accordingly. By observing the surface conditions of HfSe2with a Raman spectroscope or an optical microscope, the temperature distribution is semiquantitatively revealed for a graphene ribbon device, the accuracy of which is verified by the finite element simulations. Using the HfSe2, temperature indicator provides a simple and rapid method for investigating thermal issues and related device failure mechanisms in 2D electronics.
The addition of dydrogesterone improves the outcomes of pregnant women with low progesterone levels when receiving vaginal progesterone alone as luteal support in HRT‐FET cycles
Authors: Toriumi Rena , Horikawa Michiharu , Sato Chie , Shimamura Nagisa , Ishii Rena , Terashima Michiru , Hamada Michiko , Tachibana Naoyuki , Taketani Yuji
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Vaginal progesterone (VP) alone has been used as luteal support (LS) in HRT‐FET cycles without measuring serum progesterone concentrations (SPC) because it can achieve adequate intrauterine progesterone levels. However, several reports showed that the co‐administration of progestin produced better outcomes than VP alone. We tried to address this discrepancy, focusing on SPC.

Methods

VP was given to 180 women undergoing HRT‐FET. We measured SPC when pregnancy was diagnosed on day 14 of LS. We compared assisted reproductive technology outcomes between VP alone versus VP + dydrogesterone (D).

Results

When using VP alone, average SPC in the miscarriage cases (9.6 ng/mL) were significantly lower compared with the ongoing pregnancy (OP) cases (14.7 ng/mL). The cut‐off value for progesterone, 10.7 ng/mL, was a good predictor for the subsequent course of the pregnancy. Of 76 women receiving D ± VP from the start of LS and achieving a pregnancy, the numbers of OP were 44 (84.6%) in SPC ≥ 10.7 ng/mL and 20 (83.3%) in SPC ≤ 10.7 ng/mL with no significant difference.

Conclusion

VP alone resulted in lower SPC in some pregnant women in HRT‐FET cycles and exhibited a lower OP rate. The co‐administration of D improved an OP rate of low progesterone cases to the level comparable with non‐low progesterone cases.
Reproducibility as a service
Authors: Wonsil Joseph , Boufford Nichole , Agrawal Prakhar , Chen Christopher , Cui Tianhang , Sivaram Akash , Seltzer Margo
Published: March 2023

Recent studies demonstrated that the reproducibility of previously published computational experiments is inadequate. Many of these published computational experiments never recorded or preserved their computational environment, including packages installed in the language, libraries installed on the host system, and file locations. Researchers have created reproducibility tools to help mitigate this problem, but these tools assume the experiment currently executes. Thus, these tools do not facilitate reproducibility of the large number of published experiments. This situation is not improving; researchers continue to publish without using reproducibility tools. We define a framework to distinguish between actions taken by a researcher to facilitate reproducibility in the presence of a computational environment and actions taken by a researcher to enable reproduction of an experiment when that environment has been lost to clarify the gap between what existing reproducibility tools are capable of and what is required to reproduce published experiments. The difference between these approaches lies in the availability of a computational environment. Researchers that provide access to the original computational environment perform proactive reproducibility, while those who do not enable only retroactive reproducibility. We present Reproducibility as a Service (RaaS), which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first reproducibility tool explicitly designed to facilitate retroactive reproducibility. We demonstrate how RaaS fixes many common errors found in R scripts on Harvard's Dataverse and preserves a recreated computational environment. Finally, we discuss how a retroactive reproducibility service such as RaaS is also helpful as an ‘artifact evaluation assistant’ in a journal's publication pipeline.
Efficient implementation of image representation, visual geometry group with 19 layers and residual network with 152 layers for intrusion detection from UNSW‐NB15 dataset
Authors: Sallam Youssef F. , Abd El‐Nabi Samy , El‐Shafai Walid , Ahmed Hossam El‐din H. , Saleeb Adel , El‐Bahnasawy Nirmeen A. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E.
Published: March 2023

The Internet offers humanity many distinctive and indispensable services, whether for individuals or for institutions and companies. This great role has attracted the Internet attackers to develop their mechanisms to capture and obtain the data by illegal methods. This growth in the number of cyber‐attacks made scientists in a real challenge, to find advanced methods to face this danger. Due to the shortcomings of traditional data security means such as firewalls, encryption, and so forth, the motivation became to develop alternative systems to detect smart attacks. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have made remarkable progress in cyber‐security. They monitor the traffic in real time and continuously to detect the network attacks, giving alerts to the network administrator. In this article, two IDSs are introduced based on principles of transfer learning (TL) with convolutional neural networks. Our systems are built using the visual geometry group (VGG19) and residual network with 152 layers (ResNet152). UNSW‐NB15 intrusion detection dataset is used to evaluate the models. The proposals achieve high levels of precision, recall, and F1_score as 99%, 99%, and 99%, respectively. These achievements prove the efficiency of the proposed models in capturing cyber‐attacks with low alert rates.
Using a design‐based approach to develop a checklist for evaluating preservice teacher learning materials
Authors: Shieh Jin‐Jy , Reynolds Barry Lee , Ha Xuan Van
Published: March 2023

Teacher educators drive preservice teachers' learning about teaching particularly through feedback. The learning materials produced by preservice teachers also play a crucial role in English language teacher training but may not be receiving the necessary attention in teacher education programs. Preservice teachers lack formal teaching experiences, which may result in their overemphasizing material delivery while underemphasizing material suitability. Providing teacher educators with criteria for evaluating learning materials developed by preservice teachers could aid in their providing quality formative feedback. Therefore, this study was designed to construct a research‐based contextualized evaluation checklist for learning materials. Adopting a systematic yet flexible design‐based method allowed for the integration of design and intervention to develop a solution for this targeted educational problem. The researchers adopted a three‐phase process for this study: analysis and exploration of a teacher educator's needs and extant literature on learning materials; design and construction; and evaluation and reflection. Learning materials designed by a preservice teacher were used to pilot the checklist. The results showed a need for refinement to form the final evaluation checklist. The checklist can be used by teacher educators for preservice teacher evaluation purposes or by preservice teachers as a quality check.
How college student leaders of color engage in controversy with courage while enacting social justice leadership
Authors: Chang Ting‐Han , Acosta Dominique Orfano
Published: March 2023

This article presents one qualitative study that examined college student leaders of color's social justice leadership and their engagement in controversy and difficult conversations about issues of injustices. Specifically, this article applies the controversy with courage element from the social action, leadership, and transformation model (SALT) to address how and why 16 college student leaders were engaged in these conversations and the connection between partaking in controversy and enacting social justice leadership.
Understanding the role of coalescence in social justice leadership development
Authors: Boey Leslie W. , Cruz Tabatha , Fulton Leah N. , Mitchell Tania D.
Published: March 2023

This article highlights the important role of coalescence in preparing leaders to engage in a diverse society. The authors draw on intersectional and critical frames to understand coalescence. Using supporting data from a study on BIPOC student leaders, the authors demonstrate the ways in which students build capacity for coalescence and recommend strategies to cultivate environments that promote this work.
Complicating social justice and leadership models in relation to indigenous peoples
Authors: Ambo Theresa
Published: March 2023

This article addresses the limits of social justice and leadership frameworks in addressing the concerns and desires of Indigenous Peoples and communities, particularly settler colonialism, sovereignty, and self‐determination. I ask readers to contend with the following question: How can social justice and leadership models be more inclusive of Indigenous Peoples and communities?
An Efficient Threshold Access-Structure for RLWE-Based Multiparty Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Mouchet Christian , Bertrand Elliott , Hubaux Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2023

We propose and implement a multiparty homomorphic encryption (MHE) scheme with a $$t$$
t
-out-of-$$N$$
N
-threshold access-structure that is efficient and does not require a trusted dealer in the common random string model. We construct this scheme from the ring-learning-with-error assumptions and as an extension of the MHE scheme of Mouchet et al. (PETS 21). By means of a specially adapted share re-sharing procedure, this extension can be used to relax the $$N$$
N
-out-of-$$N$$
N
-threshold access-structure of the original scheme into a $$t$$
t
-out-of-$$N$$
N
-threshold one. This procedure introduces only a single round of communication during the setup phase, after which any set of at least t parties can compute a t-out-of-t additive sharing of the secret-key with no interaction; this new sharing can be used directly in the scheme of Mouchet et al. We show that, by performing Shamir re-sharing over the MHE ciphertext-space ring with a carefully chosen exceptional set, this reconstruction procedure can be made secure and has negligible overhead. Moreover, it only requires the parties to store a constant-size state after its setup phase. Hence, in addition to fault tolerance, lowering the corruption threshold also yields considerable efficiency benefits, by enabling the distribution of batched secret-key operations among the online parties. We implemented and open-sourced our scheme in the Lattigo library.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of plasma radius expansion model in EDM: a comprehensive study
Authors: Papazoglou Emmanouil L. , Karmiris-Obratański Panagiotis , Karkalos Nikolaos E. , Thangaraj Muthuramalingam , Markopoulos Angelos P.
Published: March 2023

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is an established non-conventional process, which is particularly efficient for the processing of hard-to-cut materials, in order to obtain high dimensional accuracy and surface integrity. However, in order to determine the appropriate parameters for machining novel materials, it is necessary to investigate the EDM process in depth, both by experiments and numerical models, taking into consideration the fundamental physical phenomena occurring during this process and be able to predict the surface morphology and microstructural alterations under various conditions. One of the challenging issues of EDM simulation models that still remain open is the representation of the evolution of plasma channel radius, for which various approaches have been proposed such as a linear, power law, or a more complex piecewise relation, in respect to time. Thus, in this work, the effect of different relations for the plasma channel radius evolution on energy absorption coefficient, plasma flushing efficiency (PFE), and crater morphology is compared under various conditions with a numerical model, which is also compared to experimental data. The results indicate that the energy absorption coefficient is dependent on the plasma column radius function, as slower growth of plasma channel leads to lower absorption coefficient and more efficient material removal, whereas a lower variation and different trends under different conditions were observed regarding PFE values, in respect to the power law exponent. Finally, the crater dimensions were shown to be consistently more narrow and deeper with higher exponents; thus, based on actual observations of indicative craters, it was revealed that the appropriate values for the exponent of the power law plasma radius function are below 0.25.
Classification of Genicular Artery Anatomic Variants Using Intraoperative Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Callese Tyler E. , Cusumano Lucas , Redwood Karen D. , Genshaft Scott , Plotnik Adam , Stewart Jessica , Padia Siddharth A.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Genicular artery embolization (GAE) is a new treatment option for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Genicular arterial anatomy is complex with limited published reports. This study describes the genicular artery anatomy utilizing intraprocedural cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) during GAE.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective single-center study was approved by the institutional review board. All patients who underwent GAE between May 2018 and April 2022 were reviewed. Patients with a technically adequate CBCT were included in the analysis. CBCTs were analyzed to determine the presence, course, and branching patterns of the genicular arteries.

Results

A total of 222 patients underwent GAE and 205 (92%) were included for analysis. The descending genicular artery was present in 197 (96%) CBCTs with two branches in 152 (77%). The superior medial genicular artery (SMGA) was present in 186 (91%), superior lateral genicular artery (SLGA) in 203 (99%), inferior medial genicular artery (IMGA) in 195 (95%), inferior lateral genicular artery (ILGA) in 196 (95%), and median genicular artery (MGA) in 200 (97%). Four unique branching patterns were identified: common origin of SLGA and MGA (115, 56%), unique origins (45, 22%), trifurcation of SLGA, SMGA, and MGA (32, 15.5%), and common origin of SMGA and MGA (12, 6%). The recurrent ascending tibial was identified in 156 (76%) CBCTs and superior patellar artery in 175 (85%) CBCTs.

Conclusion

Genicular artery anatomy is complex with numerous common variants. CBCT is a powerful adjunct in GAE to rapidly identify target vessels for embolization and potentially decrease the risk of nontarget embolization.
Stem cell mobilization in multiple myeloma: challenges, strategies, and current developments
Authors: Wei Xiaolei , Wei Yongqiang
Published: March 2023

Among hematological malignancies, multiple myeloma (MM) represents the leading indication of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HCT). Auto-HCT is predominantly performed with peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), and the mobilization and collection of PBSCs are essential steps for auto-HCT. Despite the improved success of conventional methods with the incorporation of novel agents for PBSC mobilization in MM, mobilization failure is still a concern. The current review comprehensively summarizes various mobilization strategies for mobilizing PBSCs in MM patients and the evolution of these strategies over time. Moreover, existing evidence substantiates that the mobilization regimen used may be an important determinant of graft content. However, limited data are available on the effects of graft characteristics in patient outcomes other than hematopoietic engraftment. In this review, we discussed the effect of graft characteristics on clinical outcomes, mobilization failure, factors predictive of poor mobilization, and potential mobilization regimens for such patients.
Entrectinib dose confirmation in pediatric oncology patients: pharmacokinetic considerations
Authors: Meneses-Lorente Georgina , Guerini Elena , Mercier Francois , Parrott Neil , Kowalski Karey , Chow-Maneval Edna , Buchheit Vincent , Bergthold Guillaume , Fox Elizabeth , Phipps Alex , Djebli Nassim
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Entrectinib is a central nervous system-active potent inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK), with anti-tumor activity against neurotrophic NTRK gene fusion-positive tumors. This study investigates the pharmacokinetics of entrectinib and its active metabolite (M5) in pediatric patients and aims to understand whether the pediatric dose of 300 mg/m2 once daily (QD) provides an exposure that is consistent with the approved adult dose (600 mg QD).

Methods

Forty-three patients aged from birth to 22 years were administered entrectinib (250–750 mg/m2 QD) orally with food in 4-week cycles. Entrectinib formulations included capsules without acidulant (F1) and capsules with acidulant (F2B and F06).

Results

Although there was interpatient variability with F1, entrectinib and M5 exposures increased dose dependently. Lower systemic exposures were observed in pediatric patients receiving 400 mg/m2 QD entrectinib (F1) versus adults receiving either the same dose/formulation or the recommended flat dose of 600 mg QD (~ 300 mg/m2 for a 70 kg adult) due to suboptimal F1 performance in the pediatric study. The observed pediatric exposures following 300 mg/m2 QD entrectinib (F06) were comparable to those in adults receiving 600 mg QD.

Conclusions

Overall, the F1 formulation of entrectinib was associated with lower systemic exposure in pediatric patients compared with the commercial acidulant formulation (F06). Systemic exposures achieved in pediatric patients with the F06 recommended dose (300 mg/m2) were within the known efficacious range in adults, confirming the adequacy of the recommended dose regimen with the commercial formulation.
Global mean potassium intake: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis
Authors: Reddin Catriona , Ferguson John , Murphy Robert , Clarke Aoibhin , Judge Conor , Griffith Vincent , Alvarez Alberto , Smyth Andrew , Mente Andrew , Yusuf Salim , O’Donnell Martin J.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Increasing potassium intake, especially in populations with low potassium intake and high sodium intake, has emerged as an important population-level intervention to reduce cardiovascular events. Current guideline recommendations, such as those made by the World Health Organisation, recommend a potassium intake of  > 3.5 g/day. We sought to determine summary estimates for mean potassium intake and sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio in different regions of the world.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We identified 104 studies, that included 98 nationally representative surveys and 6 multi-national studies. To account for missingness and incomparability of data, a Bayesian hierarchical imputation model was applied to estimating summary estimates of mean dietary potassium intake (primary outcome) and sodium/potassium ratio.

Results

Overall, 104 studies from 52 countries were included (n = 1,640,664). Mean global potassium intake was 2.25 g/day (57 mmol/day) (95% credible interval (CI) 2.05–2.44 g/day), with highest intakes in Eastern and Western Europe (mean intake 3.53g/day, 95% CI 3.05–4.01 g/day and 3.29 g/day, 95% CI 3.13–3.47 g/day, respectively) and lowest intakes in East Asia (mean intake 1.89 g/day; 95% CI 1.55–2.25 g/day). Approximately 31% (95% CI, 30–41%) of global population included have an estimated potassium intake  > 2.5 g/day, with 14% (95% CI 11–17%) above 3.5 g/day.

Conclusion

Global mean potassium intake (2.25 g/day) falls below current guideline recommended intake level of  > 3.5 g/day, with only 14% (95% CI 11–17%) of the global population achieving guideline-target mean intake. There was considerable regional variation, with lowest mean potassium intake reported in Asia, and highest intake in Eastern and Western Europe.
Concurrent visual sequence learning
Authors: Wilts Sarah , Haider Hilde
Published: March 2023

Many researchers in the field of implicit statistical learning agree that there does not exist one general implicit learning mechanism, but rather, that implicit learning takes place in highly specialized encapsulated modules. However, the exact representational content of these modules is still under debate. While there is ample evidence for a distinction between modalities (e.g., visual, auditory perception), the representational content of the modules might even be distinguished by features within the same modalities (e.g., location, color, and shape within the visual modality). In implicit sequence learning, there is evidence for the latter hypothesis, as a stimulus-color sequence can be learned concurrently with a stimulus-location sequence. Our aim was to test whether this also holds true for non-spatial features within the visual modality. This has been shown in artificial grammar learning, but not yet in implicit sequence learning. Hence, in Experiment 1, we replicated an artificial grammar learning experiment of Conway and Christiansen (2006) in which participants were supposed to learn color and shape grammars concurrently. In Experiment 2, we investigated concurrent learning of sequences with an implicit sequence learning paradigm: the serial reaction time task. Here, we found evidence for concurrent learning of two sequences, a color and shape sequence. Overall, the findings converge to the assumption that implicit learning might be based on features.
Effects of a dynamically changing response set overlap on n − 2 repetition costs
Authors: Scheil Juliane , Kleinsorge Thomas
Published: March 2023

N − 2 repetition costs are a marker for inhibition processes during task switching that are supposed to reduce interference from currently irrelevant information. The present study aimed at elucidating effects of response set overlap on n − 2 repetition costs while keeping stimulus set overlap constant. For this purpose, each task was associated with two different response sets. The relevant response set was visually cued in every trial. N − 2 repetition costs were present when the response set overlapped from trial n − 2 to trial n − 1. In contrast, they were abolished when the response set switched. This result is interpreted in terms of stronger interference for overlapping response sets that need to be inhibited to a high degree, resulting in large n − 2 repetition costs. Furthermore, the present results support the notion that two means for interference reduction, task inhibition and task shielding, are deployed in a flexible way depending on environmental demands.