bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repertórios linguísticos utilizados na área de contato de Porto Murtinho e Carmelo Peralta
Authors: Maciel Ruberval Franco , Santos Sandro Omar De Oliveira , Barros Adriana Lúcia de Escobar Chaves de
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo buscou identificar e descrever os aspectos presentes nos repertórios linguísticos utilizados na zona de contato de Porto Murtinho e Carmelo Peralta. Além disso, examinamos como as particularidades socioculturais desta zona de conurbação se manifestam por meio da maneira singular com que as pessoas gerenciam esses repertórios e conduzem suas interações linguísticas. Esta pesquisa se caracteriza como exploratória, com base na revisão bibliográfica, de forma seletiva e crítica. A análise, por meio da indexicalidade, permitiu a identificação das características sociolinguísticas no contexto local, assim como de seus significados, valores e status, atribuídos às línguas de contato em seus respectivos usos, que os diferentes grupos e estratos sociais, pertencentes à zona conurbação, atribuem aos códigos utilizados nos eventos diários e nas dinâmicas relacionais. Os múltiplos discursos, observados nas falas dos moradores locais e na sua forma fluida, denotam a necessidade de repensar a noção do que seja língua e linguagem em zonas de contato sob a perspectiva de superdiversidade. As variedades linguísticas e os usos que os moradores fazem dos diferentes idiomas disponíveis no repertório são característicos dessa zona de contato, e trata-se de uma condição que é evidenciada na coexistência das línguas espanhola, portuguesa e indígenas nesse território. A pluralidade linguística e os modos de utilização em conjunto das línguas que compõem o repertório, mesmo que em fragmentos, são evidenciados por meio das abordagens translíngues e das visões fluidas que não levaram em consideração somente a situação do falante e sua condição na sociedade, mas também as suas características superdiversas frente aos aspectos emocionais subjetivos.
Afetos e Técnicas de Profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde diante da Criança com Câncer
Authors: Ramos Murilo Sousa , Tavares Beatriz Rihs Matos , Almeida Milena Dórea de
Published: April 2024

Introdução: este trabalho discute sobre os sentidos e significados que a criança com câncer tem para as(os) profissionais da atenção primária à saúde. Método: pesquisa clínico-qualitativo, em que foram realizadas entrevistas individuais de questões abertas com quatro profissionais, atuantes na atenção primária à saúde de municípios baianos. Resultados e discussões: as categorias de análise foram identificadas a posteriori: afetos mobilizados pela criança com câncer e os conflitos gerados neste encontro; funcionamento do sistema público de saúde: dificuldades e potencialidades; e formas de resoluções para a autonomia do profissional. As profissionais relataram: insegurança em lidar com a criança com câncer; tristeza, desesperança, pena e angústia; despreparo emocional; impotência para cumprir com o encaminhamento, a continuidade do cuidado e a integralização da assistência. Conclusão: as entrevistadas não quiseram apenas conhecer e se aprofundar sobre o câncer infantojuvenil, mas também discutir e refletir sobre a criança com câncer atendida pela atenção básica.
Only Euclidean Relativity Provides a Holistic View of Nature
Authors: Niemz Markolf H.
Published: April 2024

Special and general relativity (SR/GR) describe nature “subjectively”, that is, from the perspective of just one observer at a time (one group of observers, to be exact). Mathematically, SR/GR are correct. I show: (1) Physically, SR/GR have an issue. Despite the covariance of SR/GR, there is always just one active perspective. Because of this constraint, there is no holistic view of nature. The issue shows itself in unsolved mysteries. Still, the Lorentz factor and gravitational time dilation are correct. This is why the concepts of spacetime in SR/GR work well except for cosmology and quantum mechanics. (2) Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature “objectively”, that is, from the perspectives of all objects at once. An object’s (!) proper space d1, d2, d3 and proper time τ span 4D Euclidean spacetime (ES), where d1, d2, d3 and d4 = cτ are treated the same. All energy moves through ES at the speed c. An observer’s reality is created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper space and to his proper time. In SR, these concepts are considered coordinate space and coordinate time. Neither their reassembly to a non-Euclidean spacetime nor the parameterization in SR/GR provides a holistic view. The scalar τ, in particular, cannot factor in an object’s 4D vector “flow of proper time” τ. The SO(4) symmetry of ES is incompatible with waves. This is fine because waves and particles are subjective concepts. A master reality (described by ER) is beyond each observer’s reality (described by SR/GR). ER solves 15 mysteries at once, such as time’s arrow, the Hubble tension, dark energy, and non-locality.
Towards periodic whole-body lipofuscin removal
Authors: Renteln Michael
Published: April 2024

Lipofuscin is indigestible garbage that accumulates in the autophagic vesicles and cytosol of post-mitotic cells with age. Drs. Brunk and Terman postulated that lipofuscin accumulation is the main or at least a major driving factor in aging. They even posited that the evolution of memory is the reason why we get lipofuscin at all, as stable synaptic connections must be maintained over time, meaning that the somas of neurons must also remain in the same locale. In other words, they cannot dilute out their garbage over time through cell division. Mechanistically, their position certainly makes sense given that rendering a large percentage of a post-mitotic cell’s lysosomes useless must almost certainly negatively affect that cell and the surrounding microenvironment. Here, I explore the possibility that the accumulation of lipofuscin may to some extent exacerbate every other kind of age-related damage. I do not think that lipofuscin removal will reverse/prevent all forms of aging, just the major component facing us currently. In this piece, I will review what is known about lipofuscin accumulation from evolutionary and mechanistic standpoints and discuss a method of removing it from single cells in vitro.
Plant-Based Diet and Supplements Reduced COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Elderly Patients with Multiple Comorbidities (Part 2: Exploring the Underlying Mechanisms of Successful Intervention)
Authors: Mulijono Dasaad , Hutapea Albert Manggading , Lister I Nyoman Ehrich , Sudaryo Mondastri Khorib , Umniyati Helwiah
Published: April 2024

The potential advantages of plant-based interventions in decreasing the incidence and lessening the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 are yet to be widely acknowledged. Nevertheless, recent publications propose that these interventions could be effective. Our cardiology center conducted an interventional study in which we incorporated plant-based foods and provided supplementation to 3470 elderly COVID-19 patients with multiple comorbidities. We pay close attention to the precise selection of food items, the application of appropriate processing methods, and the provision of nourishing meals to our patients. Our outcome was highly successful as we achieved a zero mortality rate, and none of our patients experienced worsening conditions or required hospitalization. In this review article we present the mechanisms how plant-based and supplement interventions can mitigate COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. And experts have validated our hypotheses very recently. The measures and methods used to address the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic through plant-based interventions and supplements are effective and may help prevent or manage future pandemics.
Topological Representation of Sample Size Calculation: The 4D Nature of Variables and 3D Nature of Surfaces
Authors: Desai Dev
Published: April 2024

Sample size using prevalence has been one of the most important medical research methodologies and has been used in original articles more often than any other statistical tool available. The simple formula consists of variables interdependent and it is as important to understand how they influence each other as it is to learn to use the formula to calculate the sample size. With the choice of different amounts of precision and levels of confidence available to a medical researcher, it should be of paramount importance to understand what a slight change in choosing the parameter would mean at the end of the research. Understanding of different Z values, Levels of precision, and ranging Prevalence is required to understand the effect on the sample size and subsequently on the research. Topological representation using parameter ranges can be used to demonstrate this relationship.
Diagnosis, Treatment and Long-Term Management of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Adults: A Delphi Expert Consensus
Authors: Obeid Rima , Andrès Emmanuel , Češka Richard , Hooshmand Babak , Guéant-Rodriguez Rosa-Maria , Prada Gabriel Ioan , Sławek Jarosław , Traykov Latchezar , Ta Binh Van , Várkonyi Tamás , Reiners Karlheinz
Published: April 2024

Background/Objectives: Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause variable symptoms, which may be irreversible if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. We aimed to develop a widely accepted expert consensus to guide the practice of diagnosing and treating B12 deficiency. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of the literature published in PubMed since January 2003. Data were used to design a two-round Delphi survey to study the level of consensus among 42 experts. Results: The panelists agreed on the need for educational and organizational changes in the current medical practices for diagnosing and treating B12 deficiency. Recognition of clinical symptoms should receive the highest priority in establishing the diagnosis. There is agreement that the serum B12 concentration is useful as a screening marker, whereas methylmalonic acid or homocysteine can support the diagnosis. Patient lifestyle, disease history and medications can provide clues to the cause of B12 deficiency. Regardless of the cause of the deficiency, initial treatment with parenteral B12 was regarded as the first choice for patients with acute and severe manifestations of B12 deficiency. The use of high-dose oral B12 at different frequencies may be considered for long-term treatment. Prophylactic B12 supplementation should be considered for specific high-risk groups. Conclusions: There is a consensus that clinical symptoms need to receive more attention in establishing a diagnosis. B12 laboratory markers can support the diagnosis. The severity of clinical symptoms, the causes of B12 deficiency and the treatment goals govern decisions regarding the route and dose of B12 therapy.
Prevalence of and Contributors to Food Insecurity Among College Athletes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pacenta Jamie , Starkoff Brooke E. , Lenz Elizabeth K. , Shearer Amanda
Published: April 2024

Given the financial demands of attending college, the transition to new living situations, abrupt changes in social support, and overall lifestyle adjustments, college students are at an increased risk of food insecurity (FI) compared to the general population. Collegiate athletes experience an even greater risk of FI as a result of greater time commitments and energy demands associated with their sports. This heightened vulnerability poses a tremendous threat to student-athletes’ academic and athletic achievements. This study aims to address the prevalence and primary determinants of FI among collegiate athletes while providing potential solutions to navigate and alleviate the effects of diminished food security among this demographic. To address these aims, a total of 18 articles were selected from both peer-reviewed and gray literature. The U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (US-HFSSM) survey tools were predominantly utilized across universities throughout the United States to gather data on FI. Student-athletes reported experiencing FI across various regions of the United States, including universities in northeastern states (n=5), the southwest region (n=3), the southeast region (n=3), the northwest (n=1), and the Midwest (n=1). Overall, FI prevalence rates ranged from 9.9% to 65% and the most significant contributors included limited financial resources, time management, meal plans, and housing location/amenities. These findings highlight a need for screening, education, and intervention to address FI among collegiate athletes.
Mapping and Omics Integration: Towards Precise Rice Disease Resistance Breeding
Authors: Ontoy John Christian , Ham Jong Hyun
Published: April 2024

Rice, as a staple crop feeding billions, faces constant threats from various diseases jeopardizing global food security. Precise understanding of disease resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing resilient rice varieties. Traditional genetic mapping methods, such as QTL mapping, provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of diseases. However, the complex nature of rice diseases demands a holistic approach to gain accurate knowledge of it. Omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, enable a comprehensive analysis of biological molecules, uncovering intricate molecular interactions within the rice plant. Integration of various mapping techniques using multi-omics data has revolutionized our understanding of rice disease resistance. By overlaying genetic maps with high-throughput omics datasets, researchers can pinpoint specific genes, proteins, or metabolites associated with disease resistance. This integration enhances the precision of disease-related biomarkers with better understanding of their functional roles in disease resistance. Improvement of rice breeding for disease resistance through this integration represents a significant stride in agricultural science because better understanding of the molecular intricacies and interactions underlying disease resistance architecture leads to more precise and efficient development of resilient and productive rice varieties. In this review, we explore how the integration of mapping and omics data can give a transformative impact on rice breeding for enhancing disease resistance.
Estimation Method of Chlorophyll Concentration Distribution Based on UAV Aerial Images considering Turbid Water Distribution in a Reservoir
Authors: Irie Mitsuteru , Manabe Yugen , Yamashita Masafumi
Published: April 2024

The causes of algal blooms in reservoirs are often complexly intertwined with chemical, physical, and biological factors such as the supply of nutrients. Observation of phytoplankton distribution with high spatiotemporal resolution is necessary to track the nutrient sources that cause algal blooms and to understand their behavior in response to wind and water temperature stratification. Observation from a UAV, which has excellent temporal and spatial resolution, is considered to be an effective method to obtain water quality information comprehensively. On the other hand, it is not only the growth of plankton that affects the color of the water surface but also turbidity. Furthermore, since the brightness value of passive sensors such as optical cameras changes depending on the amount of insolation, it is necessary to perform analysis after making corrections for this. In this study, we attempted to develop a method for estimating chlorophyll concentration from aerial images taken from UAVs using machine learning that takes into account brightness correction based on insolation and the spatial distribution of turbidity evaluated by satellite image analysis.
Experimental Evaluation of the Robust Controllers Applied on a Single Inductor Multiple Output DC-DC Buck Converter to Minimize Cross Regulation Considering Parametric Uncertainties and CPL Power Variations
Authors: Saavedra Alvaro Christian Montaño , Barra Junior Walter , Medeiros Renan Landau Paiva de , Junior Carlos Roozembergh , Gomes Alan Sovano
Published: April 2024

This paper presents two control design strategies for voltage regulation in a single inductor dual output (SIDO) DC-DC Buck converter system. Based on a nominal multiple input multiple output (MIMO) plant model and performance requirements, both an LQR and a decoupled PI control laws are designed to control the power converter system, under parametric uncertainties such as voltage source variation, CPL power variation, and load resistance variation. Therefore, the SIDO converter can cascade operating, which may cause the undesired effects of voltage oscillation and reduce the system's stability margin. The control performance was assessed under both uncertainties resistive loading and power variation of a constant power load (CPL). A SIDO DC-DC Buck converter board has been developed for experimental tests. The experimental results show that the LQR strategy, compared to the PI strategy, presented a robust performance in the presence of parametric uncertainties in the resistive loads being, however, sensitive to uncertainties due to the presence of CPL loads.
The Time Temperature Superposition in Polymeric Rubber Gels Treated by Means of the Mode-Coupling Theory
Authors: Mallamace Francesco , Mensitieri Giuseppe , Salzano de luna Martina , Mallamace Domenico
Published: April 2024

Viscoelastic relaxation measurements on Stirene-Butadiene rubbers (SBR) doped with Carbon Nanotube (CNT) at different concentration show the time-temperature superposition (TTS). This process is described in terms of the Mode Coupling Theory (MCT) approaches to the viscoelasticity by considering the frequency behavior of the loss modulus E”(ω), and shown that the corresponding TTS is linked to a (ω)1/2 decay. From of the analysis of the obtained data we observe that the interaction between the SBR and CNT determine different decays different decays according to their concentration. The rubbers with the lowest CNT concentration are only characterized, in the studied T-range, by a fragile glass forming behavior. Whereas those at the highest ones instead show, at a specific temperature TL, a crossover towards a pure Arrhenius, that according to the MCT, indicates the presence of a kinetic glass transition (KGT); where the system response functions are characterized by scaling behaviors.
Comparison of Artificial Intelligence and Machine LearningMethods used in Electric Power System Operation
Authors: Hallmann Marcel , Pietracho Robert , Komarnicki Przemlyslaw
Published: April 2024

The methods of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been used in the planning and operation of power systems for more than 40 years. In recent years, due to the development of microprocessor and data storage technologies, the effectiveness of this use has greatly increased. This paper provides a systematic overview of the application of AI including the use of Machine Learning (ML) to the power system. The potential application areas are divided into four blocks and the classification matrix has been used for clustering the AI application tasks. Furthermore, the data acquisition methods for setting the parameters of AI and ML algorithms are presented and discussed in a systematic way considering the supervised and unsupervised learning methods. Based on this, three complex application examples: wind power generation forecasting, smart grid security as-sessment (using two methods), and automatic system fault detection are presented and discussed in detail. Summary and outlook conclude the paper.
Smart Manufacturing and Pro-Environmental Behaviour: A Moderated Serial Mediation Model
Authors: Aboagye-Dapaah Emily Opoku , Appiah Michael Karikari , Dagadu Joshua Caleb
Published: April 2024

Smart manufacturing encompasses a category of manufacturing that employs computer-integrated capabilities and technologies to enhance supply chain optimization, production efficiency, and recyclability. Yet limited studies have been conducted to optimize these prospects from the perspective of low resource countries where such innovative studies have not been adequately explored. This paper aims to examine the implications of smart manufacturing practices (Smart Procurement, Smart Supply Chain, Smart Production Planning and Control, Automation and Industrial Robot, and Supply Chain Configuration) on pro-environmental behaviour and develop a baseline moderated mediation model to explain the relationship between smart manufacturing and pro-environmental behaviour with a role of green dynamic capability, and environmental orientation. This study is anchored on quantitative research approach, deductive reasoning, and explanatory design. Cross – sectional survey data have been obtained from 382 manufacturing companies in Ghana. Our hypotheses have been tested using Structural Equation Modelling and SMART-PLS version 3.8.9. The study has revealed that smart manufacturing practices significantly and positively relate to pro-environmental behaviour. Moreover, green dynamic capability and environmental orientation moderate the relationship between smart manufacturing and pro-environmental behaviour. The implications of the study include the emergence of a baseline model to guide policymakers, practitioners, and academicians to explain the relationship between smart manufacturing and sustainable manufacturing in the context of developing countries. Again, the social implication of the study includes the realisation of decent job and economic growth, responsible consumption and production as well as actions taken to combat climate change.
Quantum Correlation Enhanced Optical Imaging
Authors: Vernekar Siddhant , Xavier Jolly
Published: April 2024

Quantum correlations, especially time correlations, are crucial in ghost imaging in order to significantly reduce the background noise on the one hand while increasing the imaging resolution. Moreover, the time correlations serve as a critical reference, distinguishing between signal and noise, which in turn enable clear visualization of biological samples. Quantum imaging also addresses the challenge involved in imaging delicate biological structures with minimal photon exposure and sample damage. Here we explore the recent progress in quantum correlation-based imaging, notably its impact on secure imaging and remote sensing protocols as well as on biological imaging. We also exploit the quantum characteristics of heralded single-photon sources (HSPS) combined with decoy-state methods for secure imaging. This method uses Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) principles to reduce measurement uncertainties and protect data integrity. It is highly effective in low-photon-number regimes for producing high-quality, noise-reduced images. The versatility of decoy-state methods with WCSs (WCS) is also discussed, highlighting their suitability for scenarios requiring higher photon numbers. We emphasize the dual advantages of these techniques: improving image quality through noise reduction and enhancing data security with quantum encryption, suggesting significant potential for quantum imaging in various applications, from delicate biological imaging to secure quantum communication.
The Relationship Between Perceived Peer Support and Academic Adjustment Among Higher Vocational College Students: The Chain-Mediating Effect of Academic Hope and Professional Identity and the Moderating Effect of Educational Background
Authors: Zhu Yaoxiu , Lu Haidong , Ma Wenling
Published: April 2024

Perceived peer support is a critical factor in the academic adjustment of higher vocational college students. While previous studies have explored this relationship, few studies have delved into the underlying mechanisms. This study surveyed 9782 students from 35 higher vocational colleges in 13 provinces and cities in China to explore the relationship and mechanisms between perceived peer support and academic adjustment. Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory and Social Support Resource theory, the findings revealed that perceived peer support not only directly predicted the academic adjustment of higher vocational college students, but also indirectly through the independent mediating effect of academic hope and professional identity, as well as the chain-mediating effect of academic hope to professional identity. Additionally, students from vocational high schools showed a more significant increase in academic hope due to perceived peer support compared to those from general high schools, highlighting the moderating effect of educational background. The study provided a new theoretical perspective for understanding the complex mechanisms of academic adjustment in students and offers valuable guidance for educational practice, emphasizing the importance of fostering perceived peer support, academic hope, and professional identity in higher vocational education.
Can Plants Perceive Human Gestures? Using AI to Track Eurythmic Human-Plant Interaction
Authors: Gil Alvaro Francisco , Weinbeer Moritz , Gloor Peter A.
Published: April 2024

This paper explores if plants are capable of responding to human movement by changes in their electrical signals. Towards that goal we conducted a series of experiments, where humans over a period of 6 months were performing different types of eurythmic gestures in proximity of garden plants, namely salad, basil, and tomatoes. To measure plant perception, we used the plant spikerbox, a device that measures changes in voltage differentials of plants between roots and leaves. Using machine learning, we find that the voltage differentials over time of the plant predict if (a) eurythmy has been performed, and (b) which kind of eurythmy gestures has been performed. We also find that the signals are different based on the species of the plant. In other words, the perception of a salad, tomato, or basil might differ just as perception of different species of animals differ. This opens new ways of studying plant ecosystems, while also paving the way to use plants as biosensors for analyzing human movement.
Farmer Perspectives on the Economic, Environmental, and Social Sustainability of Environmental Conservation Agriculture (ECA) in Namobuddha Municipality, Kavre, Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Keshav Lall , Gonzalvo Clarisse Mendoza , Singh Manjeshwori
Published: April 2024

The adoption of environmental conservation agriculture (ECA) in Nepal is aligned with the country's goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045, as ECA practices have been proven to effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Nepal's agricultural sector faces numerous challenges, including labor shortages, climate change impacts, and the necessity for environmentally friendly farming methods, making the adoption of ECA practices even more crucial. This paper thus explored farmer perspectives on the sustainability of ECA practices in Namobuddha municipality, Nepal, which is renowned as a leading hub of organic farming. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, together with key informant interviews and onsite observations. By analyzing various farmer perspectives, the study presents an analytical framework that highlights the economic, environmental, and social pillars of ECA's sustainability.

The findings underscore the significance of economic viability for farmers, as damages to crops and farm products negatively drive their perception of ECA sustainability. Conversely, factors such as increased agriculture-related income, favorable prices, and sustainable productivity positively shape farmers' perceptions. In terms of environmental sustainability, farmers prioritize enhancing the local and global environment, viewing their farming methods as climate-smart and actively working towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The study emphasizes the importance of strategic communication to effectively convey the benefits of ECA to rural communities. Overall, this research contributes to filling the knowledge gap concerning farmers' perceptions of ECA sustainability. The insights gained from this study have the potential to inform policy decisions and promote the widespread adoption of environmentally friendly farming practices in Nepal.
In Search for the Low-Molecular-Weight Ligands of Human Serum Albumin that Affect its Affinity for Monomeric Amyloid β Peptide
Authors: Deryusheva Evgenia I. , Shevelyova Marina P. , Rastrygina Victoria A. , Nemashkalova Ekaterina L. , Vologzhannikova Alisa A. , Machulin Andrey V. , Nazipova Alija A. , Permyakova Maria E. , Permyakov Sergei E. , Litus Ekaterina A.
Published: April 2024

An imbalance between production and excretion of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in the brain tissues of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients leads to Aβ accumulation and formation of noxious Aβ oligomers/plaques. A promising approach to AD prevention is reduction of free Aβ level by directed enhancement of Aβ binding to its natural depot, human serum albumin (HSA). We previously demonstrated the ability of specific low-molecular-weight ligands (LMWLs) of HSA to improve its affinity for Aβ. Here we develop this approach by bioinformatic search for the clinically approved AD-related LMWLs of HSA, followed by classification of the candidates according to the predicted location of their binding sites on HSA surface, ranking of the candidates, and selective experimental validation of their impact on HSA affinity for Aβ. The top 100 candidate LMWLs were classified into the five clusters. The specific representatives of the different clusters exhibit dramatically different behavior, with 3- to 13-fold changes in equilibrium dissociation constants for the HSA-Aβ40 interaction: prednisone favors HSA-Aβ interaction, mefenamic acid shows the opposite effect, while levothyroxine exhibits the bidirectional effects. Overall, the LMWLs of HSA chosen here provide a basis for drug repurposing for AD prevention, and for search for the medications promoting AD progression.
Exploring Students' and Teachers' Insights on School-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Safety: A Case Study of Western Morava Basin, Serbia
Authors: Cvetković Vladimir M. , Nikolić Neda , Lukić Tin
Published: April 2024

Integrated disaster risk reduction in schools represents a key component of safety strategies within the educational sector of every country. In this study, a series of 850 face-to-face interviews (650 with students and 200 with teachers) were conducted throughout 2023 in 10 out of the total 18 municipalities in the Western Morava Basin of the Republic of Serbia. The paper proposes two central hypotheses regarding school-based disaster risk reduction. Firstly, it suggests that gender, age, parent's employment, academic achievement, living situation, paternal and maternal education levels, and engagement with social media collectively influence students' perspectives on this matter. Secondly, it posits that gender, age, marital status, parenthood, and educational background significantly impact teachers' viewpoints on school-based disaster risk reduction. Multivariate linear regression was used to explore predictors of students' and teachers' insights on school-based disaster risk reduction. Various statistical tests including Chi-square, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were employed to investigate the influence of demographic and socioeconomic factors on these insights. The results of multivariate regression analyses indicate that age, gender and marital emerge as the primary predictors across various facets of students' and teachers' insights on school-based disaster risk reduction (awareness of disasters, disaster education activities, attitudes on disaster risk reduction education, enhancement of disaster information accessibility, etc). The results of this study provide insight into the key factors influencing students' and teachers' perceptions of disaster risk reduction in schools. As such, they can serve as a basis for improving educational programs, developing policies and strategies, normative educational frameworks, teacher training, and further research in disaster education.
Case Studies of the Impact of Sea Temperature and Salinity on the Strength of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific and the South China Sea
Authors: Chan P.W. , Lam C.C. , Hui T.W. , Gao Z.G. , Fu H.L. , Sun C.J. , Su H.
Published: April 2024

With increasing air and sea temperatures, the thermodynamic environments over the oceans become more favourable for the development of intense tropical cyclones (TCs) with rapid intensification (RI). In fact, the number of TCs undergoing RI is rising (Zhao, et al., 2018; Bhatia, et al., 2019; Song, et al., 2020; Hong & Wu, 2021; Liu, et al., 2022). RI over coastal sea areas before landfalling is particularly impactful and threatening to coastal lives and properties. There have been studies showing that offshore areas within 400 km of the coastline have experienced a significant increase in RI events with the count tripling from 1980 to 2020 (Li et al., 2023). The south China coastal region consists of highly densely populated cities especially the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. Intense TCs maintaining its strength or RI of TCs close to the coastal region presents substantial forecasting challenges. This study investigates the effect of sea surface and subsurface temperature and salinity on the intensification of five TCs, namely Super Typhoons Hato in 2017 and Mangkhut in 2018, Typhoon Talim, Super Typhoon Saola and Severe Typhoon Koinu in 2023, which significantly affected the south China coastal region and triggered high TC warning signals in Hong Kong. The analysis utilized the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) TC track and intensity data, along with the sea temperature and salinity profiles generated using the China Ocean ReAnalysis version 2 (CORA2) of the National Marine Data and Information Service (NMDIS) of China. While high sea surface temperature (SST) of 30°C or above, low surface sea surface salinity (SSS) of 34 psu or below, and strong salinity stratification of at least 0.8 psu per 100 m depth may offer useful hints for predicting RI, they are part of a broader set of contributing factors. This study represents the initial documentation of sub-surface salinity's impact on intense TCs over the South China Sea (SCS) in recent years and will encourage further research to refine forecasting RI of TCs before making landfall near PRD taking into account the effect of freshwater from the Pearl River.
New Pyranone Derivatives and Sesquiterpenoid Isolated from the Endophytic Fungus Xylaria sp. Z184
Authors: Zhang Yan , Jin Yang , Yan Wensi , Gu Peishan , Zeng Ziqian , Li Ziying , Zhang Guangtao , Wei Mi , Xue Yongbo
Published: April 2024

The fungus Xylaria sp. Z184, harvested from the leaves of Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve, has been isolated for the first time. Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of this strain’s culture broth led to the discovery of three new pyranone derivatives fallopiaxylaresters A-C (1–3) and a new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid named fallopiaxylarol A (4), along with the first complete set of spectroscopic data for the previously-reported pestalotiopyrone M (5). Known pyranone derivatives (6–11), sesquiterpenoids (12–14), isocoumarin derivatives (15–17), and an aromatic allenic ether (18) were co-isolated. Their structures were elucidated by the interpretation of HRESIMS, 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemical computation method. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of selected compounds and crude extract were evaluated in vitro. The extract inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells, with an inhibition rate of 77.28 ± 0.82% at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. The compounds 5, 7 and 8 displayed weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus areus subsp. aureus at a concentration of 100 μM.
Clinical Evaluation of VITEK MS PRIME with PICKME Pen for Bacteria and Yeasts, and RUO database for Filamentous Fungi
Authors: Lee Hyeyoung , Koo Jehyun , Oh Junsang , Cho Sung-Il , Lee Hyunjoo , Lee Hyun Ji , Sung Gi-Ho , Kim Jayoung
Published: April 2024

VITEK MS PRIME (bioMerieux), a newly developed Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system, alongside VITEK PICKME Pen (PICKME), offers easy sample preparation for bacteria and yeast. VITEK MS PRIME also offers two software platforms for filamentous fungi: the IVD database and the RUO database. Our study evaluated its identification agreement on 320 clinical isolates of bacteria and yeasts, comparing PICKME and traditional wooden toothpick sampling techniques against ASTA Mi-croIDSys Elite results. Additionally, we assessed the IVD (v3.2) and SARAMIS (v4.16) RUO data-bases on 289 filamentous fungi against molecular sequencing. The concordant rates for spe-cies-level identification of bacteria and yeasts were about 89.4% (286/320) between the PICKME and wooden toothpick, about 83.4-85.3% between VITEK MS PRIME and ASTA MicroIDSys Elite. Retesting with PICKME improved concordance to 91.9%. For filamentous fungi, species-level identification reached 71.3% with the IVD database and 85.8% with RUO, which significantly enhanced basidiomycetes' identification from 35.3% to 100%. Some strains in the IVD database, like Aspergillus vesicolor, Exophiala xenobiotica, and Nannizzia gypsea failed to be identified. VITEK MS PRIME with PICKME offers reliable and efficient microorganism identification. For fila-mentous fungi, combining the use of the RUO database can be beneficial, especially for basidi-omycetes.
Ultimate Sensitivity of Threat Detection by an Anisotropic Diffusion Mobility Analyser with an Individual Ion Counter
Authors: Burton Michael , Mueller David , Rowles Jonathan , Gorbunov Boris
Published: April 2024

A novel concept of ion separation Anisotropic Diffusion Mobility Analyser (ADMA) with Individual Ion Counter (IIC) was shown by numerical modelling to be able to separate ions with high resolution and ultra-high sensitivity. An ADMA-IIC device has been developed and tested at sheath flow rates below 40 l/min with a number of chemicals relevant to airport security and military applications. The resolving power of the ADMA was observed to be in the range of 40 to 80. These data were close to the resolution obtained in numerical modelling predictions. It is greater than or comparable with the RP of currently available on-the-market devices for airport security and other applications. It was also confirmed that the ADMA technology enables very fast detection of analytes, at least 100 times faster than ion mobility spectrometers. It was shown that Brownian diffusion can be controlled and even overpowered by generating highly anisotropic diffusion in the ADMA device. The ultimate sensitivity of single-ion detection below the ppq range has been demonstrated.
Assessment of Dietary and Lifestyle Quality Among the Romanian Population in the Post-Pandemic Period
Authors: Mititelu Magdalena , Popovici Violeta , Neacșu Sorinel Marius , Musuc Adina Magdalena , Busnatu Stefan Sebastian , Oprea Eliza , Boroghină Steluța , Mihai Andreea , Streba Costin Teodor , Lupuliasa Dumitru , Gheorghe Emma , Kebbewar Nadin , Lupu Carmen Elena
Published: April 2024

Background: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus demonstrated the importance of prevention through a healthy diet and lifestyle, the most vulnerable people being those with severe chronic conditions, those who are overweight, and those with an unbalanced immune system. Methods: The evaluation of the eating habits and lifestyle of the Romanian population in the post-pandemic period was carried out based on a cross-sectional observational study with the help of a questionnaire. Results: 4704 valid answers were registered (3136 female and 1568 male respondents). Among the respondents, most of them belong to the young population, 2892 between the ages of 18 and 40, i.e., 61.5%. Most male respondents are overweight (1400) and obese (780). Most respondents indicated a tendency to consume 1-2 meals per day irregularly (p=0.6167). Only 974 respondents adopted a healthy diet, and 578 a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: The present study reports low adherence to a healthy diet (20.7%) and healthy lifestyle (12.28%), especially among the young population (< 30 years). In the current context, it reports a reduced tendency to consume vegetables and fruits among the population, below the daily average recommended by the nutrition guidelines, a tendency towards sedentary behavior, and even deficient hydration of some of the respondents; these negative aspects can create a long term a series of nutritional and psycho-emotional imbalances. Our results evidence that complex surveys among the population are regularly required to investigate nutritional or lifestyle deficiencies; moreover, it could be helpful in further educational measures in nutrition, food, and environmental safety.
Vector Optical Bullets in Dielectric Media: Polarization Structures and Group Velocity Effects
Authors: Orlov Sergej , Laurinavičius Klemensas , Gajauskaitė Ada
Published: April 2024

Theoretical studies on the generation of nondiffracting and nondispersive light pulses and their experimental implementation are one of the renowned problems within electromagnetics. Current technologies enable creation of short-duration pulses of a few cycles with high power and fluency. An application of these techniques to the field of nondiffracting and nondispersive pulses requires a proper mathematical description of highly focused vector pulses. In this work, we study vector optical bullets in a dielectric medium with different polarization structures: linear, azimuthal, and radial. We report the differences caused by the vector model compared to the scalar model. We analyze effects caused by superluminal, subluminal, or even negative group velocity on properties of vector optical bullets inside a dielectric material.
Formulation and Evaluation of Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets for Controlled Released Chlorzoxazone Delivery
Authors: Creteanu Andreea , Lisa Gabriela , Vasile Cornelia , Popescu Maria-Cristina , Pamfil Daniela , Lungu Claudiu N. , Tantaru Gladiola , Panaite Alina Diana
Published: April 2024

The release of the active substance from the matrix modified-release tablets based on Kollidon®SR and chitosan depends on its solubility in the dissolution medium and on the composition of the matrix-forming polymers. The study is based on new oral matrix tablets based on Kollidon®SR and chitosan, formulated to optimize the low oral bioavailability of chlorzoxazone, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a class II Biopharmaceutical Classification System. Nine types of chlorzoxazone matrix tablets were obtained using the direct compression method, and their combination at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 chlorzoxazone/ excipients, 20%-40% (w/w) Kollidon®SR, 3-7% (w/w) chitosan and the auxiliary substances were formulated in constant concentrations. Pharmaco-technical characterization included the analysis of flowability and compressibility properties (flow time, friction coefficient, angle of repose, Hausner ratio, Carr Index), and of pharmaco-chemical characteristics (mass and dose uniformity, thickness, diameter, mechanical strength, Friability, degree of softening, in vitro release profile) of the tablets. Based on the initial evaluation of the pharmaco-technical analysis, pharmaco-chemical characteristics, and in vitro release profile, only three matrix tablet formulations (F1b, F2b, and F3b) were further tested. They were evaluated through Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray Diffraction, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and in vitro dissolution tests. The three formulations were comparatively studied regarding the release kinetics of active substances using in vitro release testing. The results were analyzed by fitting into four representative mathematical models for the modified release oral formulations. In vitro kinetic study reveals a complex mechanism of release occurring in the first (0 - 2 hours) and second (2.0 hours – 36 hours) steps of drug release. Two factors have been calculated to assess the release profile of chlorzoxazone: f1 - the similarity factor and f2 - the factor difference. The results have shown that both Kollidon®SR and chitosan may be used as matrix-forming agents when combined with chlorzoxazone. In vitro dissolution tests revealed the F2b sample, data suggesting a faster drug release. The three formulations showed optimum pharmaco-technical properties and in vitro kinetic study, and they had tremendous potential to be used in oral pharmaceutical products for the controlled delivery of chlorzoxazone.
Inspiring Sustainability in Undergraduate Engineering Programs
Authors: Griesinger Tina , Reid Kenneth , Knight David , Katz Andrew , Somers John
Published: April 2024

The number of engineers who are transitioning into environmental sustainability careers is growing, though a gap still exists between supply and demand. This presents an opportunity for undergraduate engineering students to fulfill the demand as environmental sustainability professionals. This qualitative exploratory study investigated environmental sustainability learning experiences and future career interests in environmental sustainability. The social cognitive theory (SCCT) was utilized as a theoretical lens, exploring undergraduate students’ environmental sustainability interests, related learning experiences and their interest in pursuing a future career in environmental sustainability. Twenty-five undergraduate engineering students in various engineering disciplines were interviewed for this study. Data were analyzed to (1) identify students’ interest in pursuing a career in environmental sustainability, (2) determine if students’ interests have changed since they began their undergraduate studies, and (3) explore how learning experiences have impacted students’ future career choice. The findings posit that exposure to environmental sustainability learning experiences is impactful and plays an important role, impacting students' interests in pursuing careers in sustainability. Results reveal that elements such as personal beliefs and salary considerations inspire career choices. This research contributes to addressing the demand for additional working professionals who are prepared to tackle environmental sustainability issues, highlighting the role of learning experiences in shaping students' career interests.
Neural Networks through the Lens of Evolutionary Dynamics
Authors: Baciu Dan C.
Published: April 2024

In this essay, I revisit Neural Networks (NNs) through the lens of evolutionary dynamics. From the two most important features of NNs, I recover the two most general equations of evolutionary dynamics. These two equations may thus serve as a connection between NNs and a body of knowledge that has been built over multiple centuries and has found application across a vast range of disciplines. This connection may therefore also help explain why NNs with the two features in question are applicable across a much broader range of domains than initially envisioned.
The Influence of a High-Cholesterol Diet and Forced Training on Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Sidorova Yuliya S. , Petrov Nikita A. , Markova Yuliya M. , Kolobanov Alexey I. , Zorin Sergey N.
Published: April 2024

The aim of our study was a comprehensive comparative assessment of the effect of consumption of 1 and 2% cholesterol as part of a standard diet with and without regular moderate physical activity on the main biomarkers of lipid and cholesterol metabolism, as well as the intestinal microbiota of male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into 5 groups according to body weight and Open Field test results: Control (n=10), 1% Chol (n=10), 2% Chol (n=10), 1% Chol + RUN (n=10) and 2% Chol + RUN. The cholesterol was additionally added in the amount of 1g or 2g/100g, respectively, to the diet of animals. The rats of experimental groups 1% Chol + RUN and 2% Chol + RUN were subjected to regular (2 days a week) physical activity on a Treadmill. In rats of four experimental groups, when compared to the Control, a response of 39 indicators was revealed. The largest number of changes in biomarkers - 29 (statistically significant, p