bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Over-The-Counter Pharmaceutical Sales with Influenza-Like-Illnesses to Patient Volume in an Urgent Care Setting
Authors: Liu Timothy Y. , Sanders Jason L. , Tsui Fu-Chiang , Espino Jessi U. , Dato Virginia M. , Suyama Joe
Published: March 2013

We studied the association between OTC pharmaceutical sales and volume of patients with influenza-like-illnesses (ILI) at an urgent care center over one year. OTC pharmaceutical sales explain 36% of the variance in the patient volume, and each standard deviation increase is associated with 4.7 more patient visits to the urgent care center (p<0.0001). Cross-correlation function analysis demonstrated that OTC pharmaceutical sales are significantly associated with patient volume during non-flu season (p<0.0001), but only the sales of cough and cold (p<0.0001) and thermometer (p<0.0001) categories were significant during flu season with a lag of two and one days, respectively. Our study is the first study to demonstrate and measure the relationship between OTC pharmaceutical sales and urgent care center patient volume, and presents strong evidence that OTC sales predict urgent care center patient volume year round.
“Doubts still assail me”: Uncertainty and the Making of the Primitive Baptist Self in the Antebellum United States
Authors: Guthman Joshua
Published: March 2013

Though forged in the fires of the early nineteenth-century evangelical revivals, Primitive Baptists became the most significant opponents of the burgeoning antebellum evangelical movement. The Primitives were Calvinists who despised missionaries, Sunday schools, Bible tract societies, and the other accoutrements of evangelical Protestantism. This article contends that a feeling of uncertainty dominated Primitive Baptists' lives, catalyzed their movement's rise, and fueled their strident opposition to the theological and organizational changes shaping churches across the country. For Primitive Baptists, it was their questioning–especially their experience of persistent doubt–that set them apart from evangelicals. The uncertainty that colored Primitive Baptist selfhood motivated believers rather than paralyzed them. It propelled them toward a community of like-minded souls, and it stirred those souls to action as a more ardent brand of evangelical Protestantism crowded church pews. It is in the Primitives' uncertain selves–not in their theology or their socio-economic condition–that we find the most compelling explanation of their movement's unlikely rise.
Synthesis and Determination of Thermodynamical Properties of the Compounds of the system Ca-Mg-Bi
Authors: Ramírez C. , Romero J. A. , Hernández A. , Pérez F.
Published: March 2013

Bismuth is an element obtained as a sub-product in lead production; Mexico occupies the second position in the world in production of this element. Bismuth is used as iron, aluminum and copper alloying, in the pharmaceutical industry, in the cosmetics industry, etc. Bismuth is separated from lead by the Kroll-Betterton Process in which a Ca-Mg alloy is added to the melting lead to form the intermetallic compounds Ca3Bi2, Mg3Bi2 and Ca2MgBi2 which float to the surface of the bath. Unfortunately, there is little thermodynamical information of the compounds of the system Ca-Mg-Bi which can be used to study and optimize the Kroll-Betterton process in a theoretical way. In this work there were synthesized the compounds Ca3Bi2, Mg3Bi2 and CaMg2Bi2 using powders of pure elements (Ca, Mg and Bi) in the required amounts and melted under an inert atmosphere. After synthesis, the samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction to ensure the formation of the desire compounds. Later, calorimetric technique was used to determine the thermodynamical properties of the compounds. The results obtained by X-Ray Diffraction show the formation of Mg3Bi2 and Mg2CaBi2 species; however, there is no crystallographic information of the compound Ca3Bi2. The heating curves obtained by calorimetry show endothermic peaks, due to the presence of phases changes as is indicated in the Ca-Bi, Mg-Bi and Ca-Mg-Bi phases diagrams.
Characterization Microstructural and Mechanical of X-60 Steel Heat-Treated
Authors: López Perrusquia N. , Ortega Herrera J. A. , Doñu Ruiz M.A. , Cortes Suarez V. J. , Cruz Rosado L. D.
Published: March 2013

In this paper was study the effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of an API X-60 steel used for storage and transportation of hydrocarbons.In the first stage evaluation are mechanical properties of steel heat treated by the technique of the three-point test according to ASTM 399-90 was carried out. In the second stage, characterization of the type of failure and microstructure through optical microscopy (OM) was determined; also heat treated samples were then mechanically tested for hardness (HRC) and nano-indentation. The presence of alloying elements by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the fracture surfaces generated in the steel with varying times, temperatures and cooling medium generated by different modes of solicitation (Bending), likewise with loading rates were determined. The results revealed a ductile fracture and microstructures (PF) ferrite-pearlite (DP), bainite -ferrite (BF) and martensite-retained and martensite/retained austenite (MA). Finally, this article discusses the effect of heat treatment followed by precipitation hardenable of steel API X-60 on the mechanical properties
Vacuum Foaming of Aluminum Scrap
Authors: Garabito J. A. , Granados H. , López V. H. , Kennedy A. R. , Bedolla J. E.
Published: March 2013

In this study, scrap from the automotive industry was used to produce aluminium foams under vacuum. Chips of an aluminium alloy LM26 were melted and 1wt. % of Mg was added for creating a viscous casting with uniform distribution of oxides. An ingot was obtained of this alloy after casting and solidification. Trials for foaming this alloy were performed by re-melting pieces under vacuum at different temperatures. A window in the vacuum chamber allowed observation of the foaming and collapse of the porous structures was observed during cooling. Characterization of the aluminum foams revealed different levels of expansion, porous structures and degrees of drainage. The best foams were obtained at 680 °C with a density of 0.78 g/cm3. This technique appears to be a feasible low cost route for producing Al foams based on scrap material.
Epitaxial growth of (010)-oriented β-FeSi2 film on Si(110) substrate
Authors: Akiyama Kensuke , Funakubo Hiroshi , Itakura Masaru
Published: March 2013

High-quality (010)-oriented epitaxial β-FeSi2 films were grown on Si(110) substrates by coating silver thin layer. The full width at half maximum of the rocking curve of β-FeSi2040 was 0.14o for the film deposited at 800°C on Si(110) substrates with 95 nm-thick silver layer. Moreover, this epitaxial β-FeSi2 film was constructed with single domain structure, and the lattice parameter of a-axis was extended by 0.7%. The photoluminescence spectrum from this epitaxial β-FeSi2 indicated that the band-gap was modulated by lattice strain of a-axis.
Development of Selenization/Sulfurization Process for High Quality Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)2 Solar Cells on High Strain Point Glass Substrates
Authors: Tomizawa Takeshi , Usui Reo , Okato Takeshi , Odaka Hidefumi
Published: March 2013

This study provides a recipe of a 2-step selenization and sulfurization method for high strain point (HSP) glass to improve the quality of Cu(In, Ga)(S, Se)2 (CIGSSe). The recipe is distinguished by slow selenization growth before sulfurization growth at the high temperature of 580 °C. We used proto-type HSP glass instead of standard soda lime glass (SLG) to tolerate this higher temperature process. The provided slow selenization recipe improved an averaged relative efficiency by 14 percent compared to a rapid selenization recipe. We confirmed the improvement of the quality of CIGSSe which was characterized by the high crystal quality, the smooth surface, the uniform depletion layer and reduced defects as measured by XRD, SEM, EBIC and Admittance spectroscopy.
Control of the Formation of Zn1-xMgxO Films by Zinc Sulfate Concentration
Authors: Ishizaki Hiroki , Ito Seishiro
Published: March 2013

Magnesium doped ZnO films were electrochemically grown on the NESA conductive glass substrate from the magnesium nitrate aqueous solution with zinc sulfate, kept at 323K and the cathodic potential of -0.9V vs. Ag/AgCl. The Mg/(Mg+Zn) atomic ratio of Zn1-xMgxO films increased with the decrease in the zinc sulfate concentration. The optical band gap energy of these Zn1-xMgxO films decreased with increasing content of zinc sulfate. Thus, the optical band gap energy and Mg/(Mg+Zn) atomic ratio of Zn1-xMgxO films would depend on the zinc sulfate concentration.
Multilayer Hybrid Structure of ZnO Nanorod Arrays Imbedded in TiO2 Network as Photoanode
Authors: Huang Chan-yan , Sun Yan , Chen Xin , Dai Ning
Published: March 2013

We developed a multilayer hybrid structure by imbedding ZnO nanorod arrays in TiO2 network for each layer, for the pourese of taking ZnO nanorods as the highway of electron transport. ZnO nanorods can be prepared by hydrothermal process, which is simple, low cost and easy control. The ZnO nanorod arrays were grown by reported hydrothermal method, then TiO2 network was constructed by spin-coating titanium precursor sol on ZnO nanorod arrays and calcining. The electrochemical impedance spectrum measurements were taken to study the electrical properties of this kind of hybrids, and the results indicated that the effective electron lifetime reaches a magnitude of microsecond which is similar to the pure ZnO nanorod arrays. It reveals to us that ZnO nanorods may dominate the electrical properties of this nano-hybrid structure.
Evolução do programa de triagem neonatal no estado do Tocantins
Authors: Mendes Lucas Corrêa , Santos Taides Tavares dos , Bringel Fabiana de Andrade
Published: March 2013

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o Programa de Triagem Neonatal do Estado do Tocantins de 1995 a 2011. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista com os responsáveis pelo serviço, por análise de prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de fenilcetonúria (PKU) ou hipotireoidismo congênito (HC) atendidos pelo programa e por entrevista com pais e/ou responsáveis por pacientes em acompanhamento. RESULTADOS: A cobertura de triagem neonatal aumentou de 32,3% para 76,6% depois da implantação do Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN). A prevalência de PKU e de HC no período analisado foi de 1:28.309 e de 1:4.632 nascidos vivos, respectivamente. A idade média das crianças na coleta da primeira amostra de sangue (PKU: 9,6 ± 6,3 dias; HC: 13,3 ± 10,3 dias) e no início do tratamento (PKU: 57,0 ± 17,6 dias; HC: 95,6 ± 57,6 dias) foi superior às preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. A avaliação dos pais sobre a qualidade do acompanhamento realizado foi classificada como satisfatória por 100% dos entrevistados. CONCLUSÃO: Embora tenha havido grande evolução do programa de triagem neonatal deste Estado, há necessidade de maior incentivo governamental para que o programa seja otimizado e possa avançar para as fases seguintes do PNTN.
Y chromosome aberration in a patient with cloacal-bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex: an unusual finding
Authors: Nishi Mirian Yumie , Martins Thais Cotrim , Costa Elaine Maria Frade , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho , Giron Amilcar Martins , Domenice Sorahia
Published: March 2013

Chromosome aberrations or genetic syndromes associated with cloacal-bladder exstrophy complex have rarely been reported. The aim of this report is to describe a 14 year-old female Brazilian patient with a complex urogenital malformation, short stature, lack of secondary sexual characteristics and Y chromosome aberration. A girl with cloacal bladder exstrophy complex was referred for evaluation of short stature and absence of secondary sexual characteristics. Pre-pubertal levels of gonadotropins and sex steroids were observed at the beginning of monitoring, but follow-up showed a progressive increase in testosterone levels. The patient underwent gonadectomy and testicular tissue was identified without dysgenetic characteristics. She had a 46,X,inv(Y)(p11.1q11.2) karyotype, normal SRY sequence, and no Y deletions. The pericentric inversion of Y chromosome apparently did not contribute to the development of the complex urogenital malformation in this patient. Currently, no teratogenic agent, environmental factor, or defective genes have been recognized as etiologic factors for this type of urogenital malformation.
Accelerated fracture healing with teriparatide
Authors: Borges João Lindolfo C. , Freitas Anderson , Bilezikian John P.
Published: March 2013

Satisfactory healing of the osteoporotic fracture is critically important to functional recovery, morbidity, and quality of life. Some therapies for osteoporosis may affect the processes associated with bone repair. For example, bisphosphonates in experimental models are associated with increased callus size and mineralization, reduced callus remodeling, and improved mechanical strength. Local and systemic bisphosphonate treatment may improve implant fixation. No negative impact on fracture healing has been observed, even after major surgery or when administered immediately after fracture. For the osteoanabolic agent teriparatide, case reports and a randomized trial have produced mixed results, but they are consistent with a positive impact of teriparatide on fracture healing. Some of the agents currently being developed for osteoporosis, notably sclerostin and DKK1 antibodies have shown a beneficial effect on fracture healing. At this point, therefore, there is no evidence that osteoporosis therapies are detrimental to fracture healing with some promising experimental evidence for positive effects on healing, notably for those agents whose actions are primarily anabolic.
"Direitos Humanos se conquistam na luta": igualdade racial, ativismo jurídico e defesa de causas coletivas no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Petrarca Fernanda Rios , Neves Clarissa Eckert Baeta
Published: March 2013

Partindo das discussões sobre expansão e diversificação do ensino superior, este artigo analisa a relação entre a defesa de causas coletivas voltadas à questão racial e a atuação profissional, baseada na formação acadêmica no Rio Grande do Sul. Os objetivos consistem em examinar, por um lado, o peso da formação acadêmica e de outros recursos sociais para a ocupação de postos em movimentos e grupos voltados à defesa da questão racial. Por outro lado, apreender os princípios de identificação e os sentidos atribuídos à atuação profissional e a formação acadêmica. Este estudo demonstra que os princípios de identificação étnico-raciais e o engajamento militante são fundamentais para conformar novas percepções do título escolar.
Das práticas de gestão de grandes projetos urbanos
Authors: Gadens Letícia Nerone , Hardt Letícia Peret Antunes , Frey Klaus
Published: March 2013

O presente artigo busca contribuir para o maior aprofundamento da discussão sobre um fenômeno comum a algumas cidades brasileiras: os Grandes Projetos Urbanos (GPUs). Para tanto, parte-se da assertiva de que se trata ainda de um conceito em formação na literatura acadêmica. Nesse sentido, baseado em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, o artigo discute seu delineamento conceitual e sua implementação no cenário brasileiro a partir da década de 1970, estabelecendo relações com as práticas e modelos de gestão urbana presenciados ao longo das últimas quatro décadas de análise. Os resultados evidenciam aspectos similares e díspares no debate teórico sobre GPUs, enquanto as conclusões demonstram a necessidade de maior aprofundamento conceitual do tema, tendo em vista a relevância da discussão e reflexão sobre esse tipo de intervenção urbanística no planejamento do território das cidades contemporâneas.
Habitação e gestão ambiental em áreas de mananciais: o caso do município de Santo André (SP)
Authors: Duarte Carla Grigoletto , Malheiros Tadeu Fabrício
Published: March 2013

Este artigo tem como objetivo levantar e discutir as ações de gestão ambiental e sua interface com a questão habitacional junto à área administrada pela Subprefeitura de Paranapiacaba e Parque Andreense, Santo André-SP, no biênio 2007-2008. O foco do trabalho é a capacidade política e institucional do município criada para tratar de tais questões. Os métodos usados foram pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e de campo, com entrevista a gestores do município. A pesquisa identificou que o município conta com propostas com grande potencial de contribuição para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental e habitacional na área de mananciais, principalmente por seu caráter de integração entre planejamentos. O estabelecimento de conselhos com participação de várias pastas representa um potencial elemento de integração nas ações desses órgãos, permitindo o compartilhamento de temas pertinentes ao longo do desenvolvimento das agendas de forma contínua. Quanto à recuperação urbana e ambiental dos loteamentos irregulares, é possível afirmar que os parâmetros urbanísticos e a definição do uso e ocupação do solo estão intimamente relacionados à qualidade ambiental e precisam ser construídos em conjunto por profissionais da área de urbanismo e da área ambiental, e discutidos com a comunidade local. O formato de gestão na área de mananciais, foco deste estudo de caso no município de Santo André, representa um significativo passo na construção da integração entre os sistemas de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos e de planejamento urbano/metropolitano.
Efeito pai professor: o impacto da profissão docente na vida escolar dos filhos
Authors: Nogueira Marlice de Oliveira e
Published: March 2013

Este artigo pretende divulgar os resultados de uma pesquisa de doutorado recentemente finalizada que investigou as práticas educativas de famílias em que pelo menos um dos progenitores exercia a profissão de professor. A pesquisa buscou identificar, analisar e discutir as múltiplas práticas educativas e estratégias de escolarização que pais professores desenvolvem no quadro da vida escolar de seus filhos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, de um modo geral, os pais professores se mobilizam intensamente para favorecer a escolarização dos filhos, mas que essa mobilização não se dá de modo homogêneo para as diferentes famílias. A origem social, as condições objetivas de existência, a rede de ensino de atuação profissional, as experiências docentes e os modos de configuração das dinâmicas familiares modulam as práticas educativas dos pais professores e impactam a relação que eles estabelecem com a vida escolar dos filhos.
Aporias da performance na educação
Authors: Conte Elaine
Published: March 2013

O ensaio analisa a questão da performance na educação pela perspectiva filosófica da ação comunicativa, que acrescenta importantes elementos para o entendimento da performance como dimensão pragmática, estética e expressiva do agir humano. Pelo caminho de inspiração hermenêutica, repensamos os horizontes da performance sob a lógica moderna da produção (por coerção, tecnicamente além do agente) e sob uma racionalidade comunicativa que responde às necessidades de realização humana. A performatividade da linguagem exibe um potencial de inovação radical e uma indefinição que rompe com a convencionalidade e as restrições formais das práticas educativas, colocando em jogo as instâncias do inteligível e do sensível. Considerando que nas obras de Habermas não fica explícita uma teoria da performance, o tema é desenvolvido no diálogo com outros pensadores, como momento que requer um avanço na crítica ao performativo da linguagem para aprender a realizar performances próprias.
Igualdade, desigualdade e diferenças: o que é uma escola justa?
Authors: Schilling Flávia
Published: March 2013

Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve por título Direitos humanos, justiça e violência: percepções sobre a escola justa. O ponto de partida foi a constatação do impasse e da circularidade do debate sobre a violência, a reprodução das desigualdades e o desrespeito às diferenças no cotidiano escolar. Como enfrentar de forma mais oblíqua os conflitos que aí acontecem, lidando de outra maneira com as demandas por uma escola mais justa e pensando em práticas que nos podem permitir ocupar outro lugar? Na pesquisa, realizamos uma sistematização do debate teórico sobre justiça/injustiça e um estado da arte acerca do debate acadêmico sobre a questão, ambos com foco sobre as produções que cercam a escola, além de dois estudos empíricos. Neste texto, que é necessariamente um recorte de uma pesquisa mais ampla, apresentamos os resultados das percepções sobre o justo/injusto coletadas entre alunas(os) do curso de pedagogia da Universidade de São Paulo e estudantes do ensino médio, professores e gestores de uma escola pública de São Paulo. Tais resultados foram obtidos a partir da análise das respostas a uma questão que implicava um relato de uma situação justa ou injusta no mundo e de uma situação justa ou injusta na escola. Encontramos uma forte ênfase na percepção sobre a injustiça, tanto nos relatos sobre o mundo, quanto naqueles sobre a escola, comprovando a discussão teórica de que o positivo é a percepção da injustiça. Essas percepções são apresentadas a partir de algumas categorias construídas, e o artigo se encerra com uma breve exposição das propostas sobre o que seria uma escola justa.
Política para uma educação bilíngue e inclusiva a alunos surdos no município de São Paulo
Authors: Lacerda Cristina Broglia Feitosa de , Albres Neiva de Aquino , Drago Silvana Lucena dos Santos
Published: March 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a atual política para educação de alunos com surdez no município de São Paulo, já que tal política tem impacto na indução de ações no sentido de criar ou não melhores condições para a aprendizagem desse alunado. A educação de surdos é tema polêmico e resultados satisfatórios nem sempre são alcançados. A língua de sinais é a língua de constituição de sujeitos surdos e, quando assumida nos espaços educacionais, favorece um melhor desempenho desses sujeitos. Propostas de escolas de surdos e de educação inclusiva emergem e debatem o direito linguístico da pessoa surda, a abordagem metodológica e a atuação de profissionais bilíngues, além de demandarem políticas governamentais para sua implementação. No Brasil, a Lei nº 10.436, de 2002, e o Decreto nº 5.626, de 2005, tratam da língua brasileira de sinais (Libras) e da educação de surdos, indicando a necessidade de formação de futuros profissionais (professor bilíngue, instrutor surdo e intérprete de Libras) cientes da condição linguística diferenciada dos alunos surdos. Nessa perspectiva, destaca-se o caso do município de São Paulo, que conta com surdos inseridos em dois contextos educacionais distintos: escolas municipais de educação bilíngue (para alunos surdos) e escolas regulares (que recebem alunos ouvintes e surdos) regulamentadas pelo Decreto nº 52.785, de 2011, que cria escolas municipais de educação bilíngue para surdos (EMEBS) na rede municipal de ensino, e pela Portaria nº 5.707, também de 2011, que regulamenta o referido decreto.
Inclusão e internacionalização dos direitos à educação: as experiências brasileira, norte-americana e italiana
Authors: Rahme Monica Maria Farid
Published: March 2013

Considerando a educação inclusiva como um discurso que engendra formas de estabelecimento do laço social, investiga-se neste trabalho, a partir do referencial psicanalítico, o delineamento de um discurso inclusivo em três experiências educacionais: a brasileira, a norte-americana e a italiana. A educação especial configura-se, social e historicamente, como um campo de saberes e práticas destinadas a sujeitos que apresentam especificidades do ponto de vista sensorial, físico e mental. A partir da década de 1990, o termo inclusão passa a ser adotado em publicações desse campo provenientes dos Estados Unidos e da Suécia, processo que se fortalece nos anos seguintes por meio de declarações internacionais que introduzem, de modo pungente, a perspectiva de uma educação inclusiva destinada, a princípio, a alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais. Posteriormente, observa-se um emprego mais amplo dessa terminologia, que passa a significar, a partir dos anos de 1990, uma demanda dirigida aos sistemas de ensino no sentido de garantir escolarização e pertencimento social para todo aluno, independentemente de seus atributos individuais e sociais. Neste artigo, apresentamos o resultado de levantamento e análise de documentos e publicações referentes às experiências educacionais sobre o tema desenvolvidas no Brasil, nos Estados Unidos e na Itália. Tais experiências permitem indicar, entre outros aspectos, que o processo de inclusão encontra-se articulado a um movimento mais amplo de internacionalização de direitos e que o discurso inclusivo comporta tanto mudanças quanto permanências dos lugares socialmente ocupados pelos alunos considerados diferentes no contexto escolar.
Lycophyta e samambaias do Parque Nacional da Serra do Itajaí, Vale do Itajaí, SC, Brasil
Authors: Gasper André Luís de , Sevegnani Lucia
Published: March 2013

Este trabalho apresenta o levantamento das espécies de Lycophyta e samambaias do Parque Nacional da Serra do Itajaí, Santa Catarina. O Parque possui, no total, 57.475 ha, com altitudes que variam de 150 a 940 m, sendo coberto por Floresta Ombrófila Densa. Foram identificados 190 táxons infragenéricos (185 espécies, três subespécies e duas variedades), pertencentes a 24 famílias e 73 gêneros. Os gêneros mais representativos foram: Asplenium (17 espécies), Thelypteris (10), Blechnum (8) e Lindsaea (7), além da grande riqueza de espécies de Dryopteridaceae e Polypodiaceae, com 23 e 29 espécies, respectivamente. menção especial deve ser feita para Terpsichore chrysleri (Proctor ex Copel.) A.R. Sm. e Polyphlebium hymenophylloides (Bosch) Ebihara & Dubuisson que representam em novas referências para Santa Catarina.
Compressive strength model for concrete
Authors: Chidiac Samir E. , Moutassem Fayez , Mahmoodzadeh Fathollah
Published: March 2013

A predictive compressive strength model accounting for the type of cement, cement degree of hydration, aggregates type and gradation, mixtures proportion and air content was developed. This paper presents the formulation, implementation, calibration and validation of the proposed strength model for normal concrete. The theoretical formulation postulates that particles' interaction is governed by excess paste theory from which an average paste thickness model is developed to account for concrete mixture proportions and aggregate gradation. In addition, the model accounts for the cement compressive strength and aggregate to cement paste bond strength. An experimental programme, developed to evaluate the model, accounts for the following variables: water to cement ratio, water content, bulk volume and maximum size of coarse aggregate, and air content. The proposed model is found to accurately predict the strength of concrete mixtures at 3, 7, 28 and 191 days. The measured 3-day and 28-day strength range from 8·5 to 32·7 MPa and from 13·6 to 43·8 MPa, respectively. The corresponding standard error and correlation coefficient for the 3-day predictions are 2·1 MPa and 0·95, and 1·8 MPa and 0·96 for the 28-day predictions.
Slurry spray technique for manufacturing thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Nguyen Phuc , Ho Sook-Ying , Kotousov Andrei
Published: March 2013

Thermal barrier coatings were developed more than 40 years ago to reduce operating temperatures, temperature gradients and thermal stresses in structures and machine components across a wide range of industries and applications. Recently, a new, relatively simple and low-cost manufacturing technique of thermal barrier coatings has been developed, which is called the slurry spray technique. The main challenge was to achieve the coating quality comparable with the existing manufacturing methods, which are often quite expensive and unpractical to coat large areas or curved surfaces. This article describes this manufacturing technique and presents selected results of thermomechanical and full-scale testing of the fabricated coatings including graded coatings. It is recognized that more research is required to fully develop this technique and bring it to the stage of practical applications.
Effect of Nanoscale Topography of Titanium Implants on Bone Vessel Network, Osteocytes, and Mineral Densities
Authors: Traini Tonino , Murmura Giovanna , Piattelli Maurizio , Scarano Antonio , Pettinicchio Marzia , Sinjari Bruna , Caputi Sergio
Published: March 2013

Background: Chemical and physical properties of an implant surface have a major influence on the structure of peri‐implant bone and thus may influence the clinical performance of the implant. This study aims to evaluate the bone microstructure around implants with and without added nanometer‐sized calcium phosphate particles.

Methods: An implant with dual acid‐etched surface (control) and an implant with dual acid‐etched surface and CaP nanoparticles (test) were placed in the posterior maxilla of 15 patients. Bone microstructure was evaluated for osteocyte density (OD), bone vessel volume density (BVVD), and bone mineral density (BMD).

Results: BVVD was 1.806 ± 0.05 for test implants and 1.533 ± 0.10 for control implants (P <0.001). BMDlow was 17.4 × 104 µm2 for test implants and 15.0 × 104 µm2 for control implants (P = 0.025). Results from the BMDhigh comparison, test versus control, were not statistically significant (P >0.05). OD was 575.6 ± 63.7 mm2 for test implants and 471.2 ± 61.9 mm2 for control implants (P <0.001).

Conclusions: After 8 weeks of healing, the bone microstructure around test implants appeared to be significantly more organized. Clinical implications of these results include shortened healing time and indication for earlier loading protocols.
Mediastinal-Renal Syndrome: A Rare Manifestation of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Okuezue Beri A , Haqqie Syed Shamim , Foulke Llewellyn A , Napier Mark , Vachharajani Tushar , Mathew Roy O , Phelps Kenneth , Merrill Donna , Nayer Ali , Asif Arif
Published: March 2013

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a distinct systemic disorder of obscure etiology characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and pauci-immune small-vessel vasculitis. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of GPA. Herein, we report a rare case of GPA presenting with ANCA-associated pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis accompanied by a mediastinal mass and mediastinal lymphadenopathy in the absence of pulmonary parenchymal involvement. Furthermore, we describe the effects of plasmapheresis and concomitant immunosuppression on renal and mediastinal disease.
Synovial Angioma of the FDP Flexor Sheath: A Rare Cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: George Robert , Lee Kenneth
Published: March 2013

It has been previously noted that synovial haemangiomas in the hand and wrist are very rare pathological entities. We report the case of a 34-year-old right hand dominant male who presented to his general practitioner with an enlarging left volar wrist/ palmar mass, who further developed symptoms consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome. An MRI scan subsequently confirmed a large, complex mass with area of necrosis and peripheral enhancement. The rate of mass growth and radiological features raised the possibility of a soft tissue malignancy, and the gentleman was urgently referred to our unit for surgical exploration and removal of tumour. Surgical exploration demonstrated a tan-coloured soft tissue mass on the ulnar aspect of the median nerve. It appeared to arise from, and marginally infiltrated, the tendon sheath of the FDP tendon to the ring finger and the lumbrical muscle of the fourth ray; the distal and proximal extent of the tumour was difficult to define due to the diffuse growth of the tumour. Resection was achieved with macroscopic margins, with excellent functional recovery immediately and at 6 month follow-up. Histological analysis was consistent with a synovial haemangioma, comprising of numerous thin-walled blood vessels with a central cystic cavity containing blood and fibrin. Our case further demonstrates the diagnostic challenges posed by compressive neuropathy due to soft tissue masses, even with thorough clinical and radiological assessment. In the context of a rapidly growing tumour, malignancy must always be suspected and might highlight a role for pre-operative biopsy.
From Marginal Learning to Marginal Employment? the Real Impact of ‘Learning’ Employability Skills
Authors: Atkins Liz
Published: March 2013

This article explores notions of ‘employability’ in the context of the experiences of those young people who leave the English education system at 16+ with few or no academic credentials. The article contests the conflation of ‘employability skills' with ‘inclusion’ in policy discourse, arguing that the real impact of such programmes is to inculcate attitudes and behaviours consistent with low-pay, low-skill work in already marginalised young people. It draws on empirical evidence from two studies which suggest that what young people really want are real, practical skills which are directly transferable to the world of work and which would fulfil the promise of high-pay, high-skill work in a knowledge economy. The article concludes that in a world where many young people are increasingly marginalised in terms of both education and employment, only an education which provides the skills the young people aspire to and which has real exchange value in the labour marketplace can confer any real advantage to them. Current approaches to employability skills education, far from achieving this, are little more than an exercise in social control resulting in new forms of class and labour (re)production, as already marginalised young people are socialised into particular forms of casual and low-pay, low-skill employment.
Ideologies of Mothering in an Internet Forum: Hurting Narratives and Declarative Defence
Authors: Alstam Kristina
Published: March 2013

The interaction that takes place in Internet forum environments is performed through a compressed and dense form of writing and is highly dependent on the user's rhetorical and narrative skills. This article, which uses data from a Swedish parents' website, demonstrates the structure of aggression and defence in a conflict around appropriate mothering and seeks to demonstrate how the written subjectivity of a user relies also on particular alignments with ideologies on responsibility. The author argues that the hurting narrative, apart from using stacked-up information previously provided by other users, confiscates the dominant discursive position, thereby claiming a powerful evaluative role in relation to the counterpart. The article further argues that when accepting ideologies on responsibility, the defence of the counterpart becomes incapacitated and the protest itself is understood as a sign of discursive approval.
Opportunity and Justice: Building a Valuable and Sustainable Educational Experience for Disenfranchised and Disengaged Youth
Authors: Schaffer Eugene C. , Stringfield Sam , Reynolds David , Schaffer Justin
Published: March 2013

Building a valuable and sustainable educational experience for disenfranchised and disengaged youth remains a challenge for secondary schools. This article examines successful schools located in areas of deprivation through the lens of Rawlsianism, particularly those ideas stated in A Theory of Justice (1971). Case studies from 16 schools located in England and Wales are examined for characteristics identified by heads, teachers and pupils which support their overcoming low performance, poverty and social disadvantage. The article reports both the 15-year quantitative outcomes of the schools on national performance measures and qualitative findings on strategies used by the schools and students to reach comparatively higher levels of success than students at more privileged schools reach. Central to these characteristics is the schools' ability to offer adequate basic rights or opportunities to all pupils. These schools were able to diminish social and economic inequalities for the least-advantaged students without diminishing these same opportunities for all students.
Foucault, Pollyanna and the Iraq Research Fellowship Programme: Political Grace and the Struggle to Decolonise Research Practice
Authors: Moore Michele , Brunskell-Evans Heather
Published: March 2013

The Council for Assisting Refugee Academics in the United Kingdom launched a specific programme called the Iraq Research Fellowship Programme (IRFP) in late 2006 at the height of an Iraqi assassination campaign against academics. Whilst the programme's aims are laudable and its results utterly worthwhile, this article explores, from the point of view of two British female academics, somewhat unexpected by-products in its power dynamics. The different cultural contexts of Iraq and the West mean that Iraqi and Western scholars find themselves differently placed with regard to privilege in their collaboration. The power relations between the Western academics themselves and the different roles they play within the IRFP are characterised by issues of gender and status hierarchy. The theoretical approach the authors take to understand the micropolitics of the IRFP is a post-structuralist feminist one, in particular the post-structuralism influenced by the work of Michel Foucault. The authors argue that the micropolitics of gender, status hierarchy, the West and Iraq present within the IRFP are those acted out in the macro context of Western and Middle Eastern politics. In doing so, the authors suggest, following Foucault's precept that ethics involves the praxis of ‘changing the subject’, that the deployment of a ‘politics of grace’ is a primary resource for transformative research fellowship in international collaboration and that, on this foundation, Iraqi re-engagement with research and teaching can be truly facilitated.
Prevalence of abnormal radiographic findings in 2-year-old Thoroughbreds at in-training sales and associations with racing performance
Authors: Meagher Dennis M. , Bromberek Julia L. , Meagher Daniel T. , Gardner Ian A. , Puchalski Sarah M. , Stover Susan M.
Published: March 2013

Objective—To estimate the prevalence of radiographic abnormalities (lesions) in Thoroughbred racehorses at 2-year-old in-training sales and determine whether these lesions and 1-furlong presale workout times were associated with subsequent racing performance.

Design—Retrospective cohort study.

Animals—953 Thoroughbreds.

Procedures—Repository radiographs of carpal, metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal (fetlock), stifle, and tarsal (hock) joints were examined. Horses with lesions were classified by lesion type and location. Race performance variables were compared between horses with and without lesions and between horses categorized by 1-furlong presale workout times (< or ≥ 11 seconds).

Results—299 horses had ≥ 1 lesion, and 654 had no lesion detected. Odds of starting a race and of earning money racing were lower for horses with any lesion and lower for horses with proximal phalangeal dorsoproximal articular margin chip fracture, proximal sesamoid bone fracture or sesamoiditis, or wedge-shaped central or third tarsal bones, compared with horses that had no lesion. For horses that raced, proximal phalangeal dorsoproximal articular margin chip fractures were associated with lower lifetime earnings, and flattening of the medial femoral condyle was associated with fewer 3-year-old racing starts, compared with values for horses that had no lesion. Horses with workout times < 11 seconds had greater odds of having lifetime starts, lifetime earnings, and maximum purse above threshold (median) values than did horses with slower workout times.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No radiographic lesions prevented all affected horses from racing. Among horses that raced, few differences were found in performance for horses with and without lesions.
Serologic and bacteriologic culture prevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats and sheep and use of Bayesian analysis to determine value of assay results for prediction of future infection
Authors: Washburn Kevin E. , Bissett Wesley T. , Waldron Daniel F. , Fajt Virginia R.
Published: March 2013

Objective—To determine the serologic and bacteriologic culture prevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep and goats and the value of such assays for prediction of future development of caseous lymphadenitis (CL).

Design—Observational study.

Animals—919 goats and sheep in 3 herds in southwest Texas.

Procedures—During an initial evaluation, serologic and bacteriologic culture status for CL was determined for all animals. Subsequently, animals were evaluated every 6 months for a 13-month period to detect external CL lesions. Affected animals in 2 herds were treated with tulathromycin or a control treatment; affected animals in 1 herd were culled. The value of assays for prediction of future development of CL lesions was determined.

Results—The serologic prevalence of CL in herds at the start of the study ranged from 7.52% to 69.54%. The bacteriologic culture prevalence of CL ranged from 0% to 6.12% at the start of the study and 0% to 9.56% at the end of the study. Synergistic hemolysin inhibition results were poor predictors of future development of CL lesions in animals during the study period; however, animals with positive bacteriologic culture results for CL were more likely to develop lesions in the future than were animals with negative bacteriologic culture results.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Caseous lymphadenitis was detected in animals in this study despite prior management of affected animals in herds via culling. Use of a synergistic hemolysin inhibition test for management of CL may cause unnecessary culling of animals; treatment might allow retention of genetically valuable CL-affected animals in a herd without substantially increasing the prevalence of CL.
Légitimité des normes environnementales dans la gestion locale de la forêt à Madagascar
Authors: Bérard Marie-Hélène
Published: March 2013

En 1996, l'État malgache promulguait la loi 96-025 (loi GELOSE) visant à transférer la gestion de certaines ressources naturelles renouvelables aux communautés locales par le biais de contrats négociés. La stratégie juridique adoptée s'avérait innovatrice à plusieurs égards, notamment en prescrivant l'utilisation duDina, une convention locale traditionnelle, dans les contrats de transfert de gestion. En intégrant lesDina, les autorités étatiques prétendaient réconcilier le «légal» et le «légitime» et favoriser ainsi une gestion durable de ces ressources. Cet article s'intéresse aux conditions de légitimité des normes environnementales dans un contexte juridique pluraliste et marqué par la mondialisation. Il démontre que l'utilisation desDinan'a pas favorisé une plus grande légitimité des normes environnementales à cause du décalage entre les nouveauxDinaet les modes de régulation locale, d'une coordination étatique insuffisante de la mise en œuvre de la loi 96-025 et d'un manque de résonance de la notion de développement durable.
La constitutionnalisation des langues régionales françhises. Entre reconnaissance et effectivité symbolique
Authors: Farget Doris
Published: March 2013

L'objectif de cet article est de porter un regard juridique et critique sur la reconnaissance constitutionnelle des langues régionales françaises par l'insertion de l'article 75-1 dans la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958, lors de la réforme constitutionnelle du 21 juillet 2008. L'auteure évalue la portée de la référence, les apports, les effets symboliques, psychologiques et juridiques, ainsi que les limites de cette reconnaissance. Sans remettre totalement en cause les bienfaits du processus de reconnaissance étatique, l'auteure met l'accent sur l'importance d'une reconnaissance autonome simultanée, par les locuteurs eux-mêmes et les membres non-locuteurs des communautés locales qui respectent ces langues.
Le pluralisme juridique comme orthodoxie de la science du droit
Authors: Belley Jean-Guy
Published: March 2013

Jean-Guy Belley se centre ici sur l'opposition individus/organisations, en la rattachant aux transformations de l'idée de pluralisme juridique. L'idée—mais non le concept, plus tardif—apparaît au début du XXèmesiècle, forgée par des juristes contestataires opposés au positivisme formaliste alors dominant, et attirés par la sociologie et l'anthropologie du droit. Cette démarche s'inscrit dans la mouvance du réalisme juridique, mais avec la particularité de remettre en question la centralité de l'État dans la production des règles de droit. Ce premier pluralisme juridique va contribuer au renouveau de la doctrine et favoriser le développement de la sociologie du droit, sans toutefois parvenir à ébranler durablement la position dominante du positivisme chez les juristes. Par contraste, le « nouveau pluralisme juridique » a vocation à s'ériger en nouvelle orthodoxie du droit: paradoxalement, l'idée de pluralisme juridique, née d'une recherche d'émancipation intellectuelle par rapport au carcan du formalisme (et parfois d'émancipation de la vie sociale elle-même par rapport à l'État), s'est transformée dans le cadre de la seconde modernité en nouvelle orthodoxie, celle d'une doctrine du droit en phase avec la domination impersonnelle qu'exercent sur la société contemporaine les ordres juridiques pluriels, lesquels émanent des grandes organisations, économiques en particulier.
Nouveau pluralisme juridique et transformations de l'individu
Authors: Guibentif Pierre
Published: March 2013

Dans ses travaux plus récents, Jean-Guy Belley propose, sur la base de ses recherches sur le pluralisme juridique, un diagnostic désenchanté de la modernité avancée, caractérisée par la prédominance du phénomène organisationnel et par un nouveau type de «rupture entre psychisme collectif et psychisme individuel». Ce diagnostic mérite d'être rapproché d'autres interprétations d'ensemble de la réalité sociale, en particulier de la théorie des systèmes de Niklas Luhmann. La comparaison entre ces deux approches suggère un possible développement du modèle qui peut être dérivé des travaux de Belley. Il vaudrait la peine de mieux prendre en compte la différence entre, d'une part, les organisations et, d'autre part, les systèmes sociaux fonctionnellement différenciés tels l'économie, le droit ou la science. Ceci pourrait permettre de repenser des évolutions actuellement en cours concernant l'individualité humaine. L'hypothèse est que l'individu aujourd'hui agit de plus en plus comme agent d'organisations et de moins en moins comme professionnel d'activités fonctionnellement différenciées, et qu'il est invité désormais à se vivre moins comme individu-sujet que comme individu-organisation.