bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validação de conteúdo de indicadores de qualidade para avaliação do cuidado de enfermagem
Authors: Vituri Dagmar Willamowius , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: July 2009

O objetivo do estudo é submeter dez Indicadores de Qualidade do Cuidado de Enfermagem na Prevenção de Eventos Adversos à validação de conteúdo. Participaram nove experts, que responderam a três formulários. Os resultados apontaram a validade dos indicadores, porém com reformulações. Resultaram do processo doze indicadores: Identificação do leito do paciente; Identificação de risco para queda do leito; Identificação de acessos venosos periféricos; Verificação de lesões cutâneas pós-infiltrativas; Identificação de equipos para infusão venosa; Identificação de frascos de soro e controle da velocidade de infusão; Identificação de sondas gástricas; Fixação da sonda vesical de demora e posicionamento da bolsa coletora de diurese; Checagem dos procedimentos na prescrição de enfermagem; Controle de sinais vitais; Checagem dos procedimentos de enfermagem na prescrição médica e Elaboração da prescrição diária e completa pelo enfermeiro. A partir dos resultados acredita-se no procedimento de validação de conteúdo como imprescindível para o desenvolvimento de medidas avaliativas.
Efetividade de estratégias não farmacológicas no alívio da dor de parturientes no trabalho de parto
Authors: Davim Rejane Marie Barbosa , Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos , Dantas Janmilli da Costa
Published: July 2009

Objetivou-se no estudo avaliar a efetividade de estratégias não-farmacológicas para o alívio da dor de parturientes no trabalho de parto. Ensaio clínico do tipo intervenção terapêutica antes e após, realizado em uma maternidade pública de Natal/RN - Brasil, com 100 parturientes na aplicação de exercícios respiratórios, relaxamento muscular, massagem lombossacral e banho de chuveiro. Utilizou-se a escala analógica visual para coleta de dados. A maioria das parturientes tinha entre 20 a 30 anos de idade (60%), ensino fundamental incompleto (85%), renda familiar de até 2 salários mínimos (74%) e 78% estavam com acompanhantes. A ocitocina foi administrada em 81% dos casos, mas 15% não receberam qualquer medicação. Verificou-se diferença significativa no alívio da dor após a aplicação das ENF, demonstrando redução dessa dor à medida que aumentava a dilatação do colo. Conclui-se que as estratégias foram efetivas no alívio da intensidade da dor das parturientes estudadas durante o trabalho de parto.
Frações de fósforo no solo e sua relação com a absorção pelas plantas de arroz irrigado por alagamento em solos do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Gonçalves Gustavo Krüger , Meurer Egon José
Published: July 2009

Os solos utilizados na cultura de arroz irrigado, por alagamento, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul são oriundos de diferentes materiais de origem, os quais conferem variações na distribuição das frações de P. Com o objetivo de quantificar as frações de P no solo e de relacioná-las com o P acumulado por plantas de arroz, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação com amostras de quatro solos, nos quais foi cultivado arroz por 35 dias, sem e com a adição de 39,30 mg kg-1 de P. Nas amostras dos solos antes do cultivo, foi extraído o P disponível com o extrator Mehlich-1 e feito o fracionamento de formas de P nas amostras pelo método de Hedley. Os teores de P acumulados pelas plantas de arroz correlacionaram-se mais estreitamente com as frações de P que estimaram o P lábil (Pi RTA e Pi NaHCO3) bem como com as frações que estimaram o P moderadamente lábil (NaOH 0,1 mol L-1 e NaOH 0,5 mol L-1 ). Os teores de P extraídos das amostras dos solos pela resina e por Mehlich-1 correlacionaram-se com os teores de P extraídos das frações lábil e moderadamente lábil, sendo o grau de associação com essas frações maior para a resina (Pi RTA). O P que foi recentemente adicionado às amostras dos solos na forma de superfosfato triplo incrementou principalmente a fração moderadamente lábil (Pi NaOH 0,1 mol L-1) e, em menor proporção, as frações que compõem o P lábil do solo (Pi NaHCO3 e Pi RTA).
Potencial de quatro espécies herbáceas forrageiras para fitorremediação de solo contaminado por arsênio
Authors: Melo Roseli Freire de , Dias Luiz Eduardo , Mello Jaime Wilson Vargas de , Oliveira Juraci Alves de
Published: July 2009

A fitorremediação de solos e substratos contaminados por elementos tóxicos tem despertado crescente interesse entre pesquisadores e técnicos. Particularmente em relação ao As, o obstáculo ao emprego desta técnica é o pequeno número de espécies identificadas capazes de acumular este elemento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de plantas de estilosante (Stylosanthes humilis HBK), amendoim (Arachis pintoi Krapov. & Gregory), aveia (Avena strigosa Schreb) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) como espécies fitorremediadoras de áreas contaminadas por As. Amostras de Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo foram incubadas por 15 dias com diferentes doses de As: 0; 50; 100; e 200 mg dm-3. Em seguida, realizaram-se a semeadura das quatro espécies e as respectivas adubações. Aos 65 dias após a semeadura, as plantas foram avaliadas quanto à altura, à matéria seca da parte aérea e raízes. Determinaram-se os teores de As nas folhas jovens, intermediárias e basais, no caule e nas raízes, bem como o conteúdo e o índice de translocação (IT) de As. Por meio de análises de regressão, foram estimados os teores críticos (TC) de As disponíveis no solo, que proporcionaram redução de 50 % da matéria seca. As espécies estudadas apresentaram comportamento diferenciado quanto à tolerância ao As, com destaque para azevém, amendoim e estilosante, que não apresentaram lesões foliares decorrentes de fitotoxidez por esse elemento. Os TC para as plantas de aveia e azevém foram significativamente superiores aos observados para as demais espécies, caracterizando-as como espécies tolerantes ao As. As plantas de amendoim e estilosante apresentaram maior capacidade de absorção e maior IT de As para a parte aérea. As plantas de amendoim apresentaram maiores teores nas folhas basais e raízes, mostrando potencial para serem utilizadas em programas de fitorremediação. As plantas de azevém, amendoim e estilosante podem ser utilizadas na fitoestabilização e, ou, na revegetação de áreas contaminadas por As, uma vez que apresentaram tolerância a esse elemento. Por se tratar de espécies forrageiras, quando utilizadas para esses fins, cuidados especiais são necessários, como o isolamento da área, para evitar a entrada do elemento na cadeia trófica.
Ressecção alargada para o adenocarcinoma colorretal localmente invasivo: relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Horta Sergio Henrique Couto , Wolf Juliana Suarez , Balsamo Flávia , Oliveira Luiz Carlos Neves de , Formiga Galdino José Sitonio
Published: July 2009

O câncer colorretal localmente invasivo, que acomete por contiguidade estruturas adjacentes e sem metástases à distância, ocorre de 5 a 18% dos casos. São adequadamente tratados com ressecção do tumor e órgãos comprometidos em monobloco e margens livres. É relatado o caso de paciente de 27 anos, masculino, portador de adenocarcinoma de retossigmóide com extensa invasão para bexiga e ceco. Tratado com colectomia total, cistectomia radical em monobloco e ileostomia. O trânsito urinário foi reconstituído com reservatório ileal e anastomose com a uretra prostática. O estudo anátomo-patológico da peça cirúrgica revelou adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado, invasão perineural e invasão da parede da bexiga (T4, N0). Realizou no pós-operatório quimioterapia adjuvante, 6 ciclos, com 5-Fluorouracil e ácido folínico. Após 36 meses de seguimento, o paciente encontra-se livre de doença neoplásica, função urinária preservada, porém com ejaculação retrógrada.
Manifestações renais na síndrome de Joubert
Authors: Weiss Ana Paula , Andrade Maria Cristina de , Carvalhaes João Tomas de A.
Published: July 2009

OBJETIVO:Descrever o caso clínico de paciente com Síndrome de Joubert associada a alterações renais. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Paciente de dois meses de idade admitida com quadro hipotonia e hiperpneia. Ao exame físico, observaram-se, além da respiração irregular, movimentos oculares anormais e hipertensão arterial; não se evidenciaram alterações na ausculta cardíaca e pulmonar. Durante investigação clínico-laboratorial inicial, as causas cardíacas e pulmonares foram descartadas. Aventaram-se hipóteses diagnósticas de patologias neurológicas com doença renal. Os exames laboratoriais mostraram presença de alcalose respiratória, acidose metabólica e hipercalemia, com função renal normal. A ressonância magnética evidenciou alterações neurológicas compatíveis com "sinal do dente molar", quadro frequentemente associada à Sindrome de Joubert. Levando-se em consideração a associação dessa síndrome com alterações renais, a investigação nefrológica demonstrou imagens císticas em parênquima renal. COMENTÁRIOS: Patologias cardíacas e pulmonares estão frequentemente associadas a manifestações clínicas como taquipneia e distúrbios metabólicos. Entretanto, pode ser necessária uma investigação neurológica porque diversas doenças que acometem o sistema nervoso central apresentam tais alterações. A associação entre alterações renais e malformações de sistema nervoso central é frequente em diversos processos sindrômicos, justificando-se a sua investigação. A Síndrome de Joubert e as desordens a ela relacionadas caracterizam-se por aplasia do vermix cerebelar, ataxia, movimentos oculares anormais, respiração irregular e retardo do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. As alterações renais mais comuns são os cistos renais e a nefronoftise, que pode progredir para doença renal terminal.
A retórica da reeleição: mapeando os discursos dos Programas Eleitorais (HGPE) em 1998 e 2006
Authors: Machado Mônica
Published: July 2009

O artigo avalia a produção dos discursos do HGPE na TV dos partidos de dois candidatos à reeleição para a Presidência da República: Fernando Henrique (PSDB) em 1998 e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT) em 2006. É objeto de reflexão indagar até que ponto as campanhas orientadas para reconduzir o mandatário ao poder têm estruturas estratégicas discursivas similares nos dois contextos, apesar de inscrições partidárias e orientações políticas distintas. Como metodologia, utiliza procedimentos para entender os elementos retóricos de cada campanha e apreender as estratégias de persuasão. Nota-se que o estímulo ao voto retrospectivo, o discurso a favor da continuidade da gestão administrativa, o lugar de autoridade do candidato-Presidente e a ênfase em discurso programático de cunho econômico são enunciados proferidos pelos mandatários nos dois contextos. É lícito supor, então, que a retórica da reeleição favorece posições privilegiadas na disputa.
Avaliação do acesso às ações de controle da tuberculose no contexto das equipes de saúde da família de Bayeux - PB
Authors: Marcolino Alinne Beserra Lucena , Nogueira Jordana de Almeida , Ruffino-Netto Antonio , Moraes Ronei Marcos , Sá Lenilde Duarte , Villa Tereza Cristina Scatena , Rolim Francieuldo Justino
Published: July 2009

A descentralização das ações de controle da Tuberculose para o âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), vem impondo reorientação da prática das Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) e requerendo metodologias que avaliem em que medida os componentes da APS estão sendo alcançados. Este estudo toma como recorte um componente da APS-acesso, com o objetivo de avaliar as ações de controle da Tuberculose no contexto das ESF em Bayeux-PB. Pesquisa avaliativa, de abordagem quantitativa, que envolveu 82 profissionais de saúde. O instrumento utilizado continha sete perguntas fechadas, segundo possibilidades produzidas por escala intervalar tipo Likert. Os dados foram tabulados utilizando-se o programa - Statistical Package for the Social Sciences e analisados segundo frequência e mediana. Os resultados revelaram fragilidades e potencialidades de acesso às ações de controle da Tuberculose (TB). Quanto às potencialidades, constatou-se que a descentralização do tratamento dos casos de TB vem se estabelecendo na prática das ESF: 92,7% dos entrevistados mencionaram que os doentes de TB sempre conseguem consulta nas unidades, sendo possível para 82,9% obtê-la no prazo de 24 horas; os medicamentos específicos apresentaram-se acessíveis para 64,6% das ESF. Como fragilidades, verificou-se que 61% dos entrevistados não realizaram coleta de escarro; 54,9% das unidades não oferecem atendimento no horário de almoço; 89,8% dos entrevistados não contam com auxílio transporte; apenas 40,2% das unidades adotam regularmente a visitação domiciliar. Recomenda-se a adoção de mecanismos de gestão que viabilizem a uniformização e utilização dos recursos existentes, ampliando a capacidade resolutiva das ESF, promovendo eficiência na prestação de serviços e assegurando o acesso da população.
Contexto familiar e alterações oclusais em pré-escolares no município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Rossi Thaís Regis Aranha , Lopes Laíra Sá , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira
Published: July 2009

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a prevalência e a associação entre variáveis sócio-ambientais e a maloclusão infantil. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, em crianças de 1-5 anos, residentes em seis áreas do Programa de Saúde da Família, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Foram sorteadas 360 famílias pré-estratificadas, pelo cadastro das famílias das Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) (415 pré-escolares). Após a identificação, foram realizadas visitas domiciliares onde foram entrevistados os pais/responsáveis e as crianças examinadas. Foram utilizados como instrumentos a ficha A - Sistema de Atenção Básica, e o exame oclusal - presença ou ausência de alteração e tipo de desvio. A análise de regressão logística foi utilizada (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: 34,5 % das crianças apresentaram maloclusão; 77,2% residiam em habitações com mais de quatro cômodos e 64,8% das crianças foi aleitada naturalmente e destas, 50,6% por sete meses ou mais. Não tinham o hábito da sucção digital, 89,6% das crianças, mas uso da chupeta foi registrado em 47%. A análise de regressão logística identificou as associações: o número de indivíduos menores de 14 anos na residência (OR=1,44; IC95%: 1,02 - 2,26), sucção digital (OR=1,75; IC95%: 1,08-3,46) e ter adulto com uso abusivo de álcool (OR=1,22; IC95%: 1,04 - 2,02). CONCLUSÕES: ampliar o acesso à saúde oral pode refletir positivamente na saúde oral e qualidade de vida das crianças.
Genetic Variability of a Forage Bermudagrass Core Collection
Authors: Anderson William F. , Maas Andrea , Ozias‐Akins Peggy
Published: July 2009

Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) is an important warm‐season forage grass for the South and may have value as a bioenergy feedstock. The objective of this study was to measure the genetic relatedness among entries of the Cynodon clonal forage bermudagrass core collection and seven commercial forage cultivars using plant phenotype and molecular marker data from amplified fragment length polymorphisms. The collection was assessed for 22 phenotypic traits, including forage quality, plant architecture, growth habit, and ploidy level. Phenotypic variability was preserved in the forage bermudagrass core collection constructed based on 21 phenotypic traits and ploidy levels. The majority of molecular marker polymorphism observed was within phenotypic clusters (89.6%) and within the five ploidy levels (94%), and STRUCTURE analysis indicated significant admixture. Overall, the combined genetic and phenotypic variability found within the bermudagrass core collection will aid in selection of parental crosses for mapping and potential quantitative trait loci discovery and to identify parental lines that may yield greater genetic gain in breeding for important traits.
Genetic Diversity in a Core Collection Established from the Main Bean Genebank in Spain
Authors: Pérez‐Vega Elena , Campa Ana , De la Rosa Lucia , Giraldez Ramón , Ferreira Juan José
Published: July 2009

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a traditional crop in many Spanish regions. A major collection of Spanish common bean landraces is maintained at the National Genebank in the Center for Plant Genetic Resources (CRF), Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain. A core collection including 200 common bean accessions was established from the CRF collection. We sought to analyze the genetic diversity of this CRF core collection using morpho‐agronomic traits, phaseolin seed protein, and a set of 11 molecular markers. Accessions were classified in 65 groups according to their seed phenotype. Seventy‐one accessions have appropriate qualities for culinary use as green or snap beans. The four bean growth habits were present among the accessions included in the CRF core collection, with the indeterminate climbing habit (Type IV; 113 accessions) being the most common. Five different phaseolin patterns were found, the most common being type C (86 accessions), followed by types T (59 accessions) and S (42 accessions). With the set of molecular markers used, an average number of 6.18 alleles marker−1 and an average polymorphism information content marker−1 of 0.66 were found. The dendrogram and the principal components analysis developed using the molecular marker data revealed the existence of two main groups of accessions corresponding to the Middle American and the Andean gene pools, respectively, and suggested the existence of some intermediate forms. The possible origin of these putative intermediate forms is discussed. Knowledge of the genetic diversity in the CRF core collection will contribute to improved use and conservation of Spanish bean genetic resources.
Impacts of Altered Light Spectral Quality on Warm Season Turfgrass Growth under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Baldwin Christian M. , Liu Haibo , McCarty Lambert B. , Luo Hong , Wells Christina E. , Toler Joe E.
Published: July 2009

Warm‐season turfgrass quality declines under shade due to reduced photosynthesis, increased disease pressure, reduced carbohydrate production, tree root competition, and reduced lateral stem growth. Another factor limiting turfgrass growth and development under tree shade is variable qualities of light filtered by trees. However, effects of various filtered wavelengths on turfgrass performance are lacking and deserve research. Therefore, a greenhouse project investigated the physiological and morphological responses of ‘Diamond’ zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.], ‘Sea Isle 2000’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz.), and ‘Tifway’ and ‘Celebration’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] to variable light spectral qualities. Light treatments included a control without any shade cloths and four different color shade cloths filtering wavelengths 560 to 720 nm (blue shade cloth), 360 to 520 nm (yellow shade cloth), 360 to 560 nm (red shade cloth), and 360 to 720 nm (black shade cloth). The percent light reduction for each cloth was about 65% relative to the control. Data collected included visual turfgrass quality (TQ), relative clipping yield, relative chlorophyll concentration, relative shoot width, relative root biomass, relative root length density, relative specific root length, and root and shoot total nonstructural carbohydrates. Diamond was the least affected turfgrass by the color shade cloths, while Celebration and Sea Isle 2000 performed similarly. Tifway was the most sensitive turfgrass with the lowest TQ under color shade cloths. Yellow and red shades were least detrimental, while black shade most negatively inhibited parameters measured, followed by blue shade. This study implies different types of shade significantly impact the TQ of warm‐season turfgrasses.
Effect of Variation for Major Growth Habit Genes on Maturity and Yield in Five Spring Wheat Populations
Authors: Blake N. K. , Lanning S. P. , Martin J. M. , Doyle M. , Sherman J. D. , Naruoka Y. , Talbert L. E.
Published: July 2009

Segregation at major genes controlling plant height, photoperiod response, and vernalization response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) may have pleiotropic effects on several traits. Allelic variation at these loci can be monitored using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers. The effect of segregation at these loci on maturity and agronomic traits was measured for sets of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from five crosses between spring wheat lines adapted to Montana and the Northern Great Plains. Results from field trials grown in multiple years in Bozeman, MT, showed that variation at Rht‐B1 and Rht‐D1 had large effects on most agronomic traits in two populations, including grain yield, grain protein concentration, and test weight. Variation at photoperiod response loci Ppd‐B1 and Ppd‐D1 influenced both heading date and date of flag leaf senescence under field conditions for two of three populations in which they were segregating. The insensitive allele at Ppd‐B1 was associated with higher grain yield in one population. Variation at Vrn‐B1 had a significant effect on heading date in the field for both populations in which it was segregating, with spring allele lines being earlier. Our results suggest that variation at Rht loci impacting plant height had large pleiotropic effects. Variation at photoperiod and vernalization loci impacted maturity characteristics but had less consistent effects on economic characteristics such as grain yield, test weight, and grain protein concentration.
Animal Behavior and Soil Nutrient Redistribution in Continuously Stocked Pensacola Bahiagrass Pastures Managed at Different Intensities
Authors: Dubeux J. C. B. , Sollenberger L. E. , Gaston L. A. , Vendramini J. M. B. , Interrante S. M. , Stewart R. L.
Published: July 2009

Animal excreta return to pastures plays a major role in nutrient cycling. Improvement in excreta distribution may increase nutrient recovery by pasture plants. Pasture management may modify animal behavior and excreta distribution. This study evaluated the effects of management intensity on animal behavior and soil nutrient concentration in continuously stocked ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) pastures. The three management intensities were: Low (40 kg N ha−1yr−1 and 1.4 animal units [AU, one AU = 500 kg live weight] ha−1 stocking rate [SR]), Moderate (120 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and 2.8 AU ha−1 SR), and High (360 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and 4.2 AU ha−1 SR). Management intensity did not affect animal behavior (P > 0.05), but it did affect soil nutrient concentration (P ≤ 0.10). Surface‐soil N, K, and Mg concentrations were greater at the greatest intensity (P ≤ 0.10), but intensity had no effect deeper in the profile (P ≥ 0.10). Soil nutrient concentration after 3 yr was generally greatest (P ≤ 0.10) closer to shade and water and was associated with a greater proportional time spent and return of excreta by cattle. Increasing air temperature and temperature‐humidity index increased time spent under shade and affected patterns of excreta return (P ≤ 0.10). Efforts to increase uniformity of excreta distribution, e.g., movement of portable shade and water troughs, are likely to have greatest impact in warm‐climate areas or during warm seasons in temperate zones.
Ploidy Determination and Agronomic Characterization of Small Burnet Germplasm
Authors: Peel Michael D. , Waldron Blair L. , Mott Ivan W.
Published: July 2009

Small burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop.) is an evergreen forb readily utilized by livestock and wildlife that lacks persistence under heavy grazing. Our objective was to characterize all available National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) small burnet germplasm for ploidy level and agronomic characteristics before initiating a breeding program. Ploidy level was determined by flow cytometry. Forage yield, flowering date, mortality, growth habit, and leafiness were determined at two locations in Utah. Of the materials tested 68% were tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28) and 32% octaploids (2n = 8x = 56). Significant variation was observed for all traits. Mean forage yield of the small burnet was 1.45 Mg ha−1, ranging from not measurable to 2.96 Mg ha−1 compared to Ladak alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at 2.28 mg ha−1 Flowering date varied among accessions by 12 d while mortality ranged from 0 to 100%. Variation was displayed in growth habit, including prostrate and upright forms, and leafiness. The range among accessions was similar within the two ploidy levels for all traits except flowering date which was 2 d earlier in the octaploids. It was shown that tetraploids and octaploids are present in roughly a 2:1 ratio in the NPGS small burnet germplasm. The forage production of some small burnet accessions can be comparable to alfalfa, and phenotypic variation is such that the germplasm has potential for improvement through recurrent selection.
Analysis of Genotype × Environment Interactions for Grain Yield in Durum Wheat
Authors: Mohammadi Reza , Amri Ahmed
Published: July 2009

Genotype × environment (GE) interactions are important sources of variation in crop breeding programs. The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze GE interactions on grain yield of one bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 19 durum wheat [T. turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] genotypes by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, and (ii) to evaluate genotype (G), environment (E), and GE interactions with the statistical parameters of AMMI statistic coefficient (D), AMMI stability value (ASV), regression coefficient (b) and ecovalence (W2). Main effects due to E, G, and GE interaction as well as first three interaction principal component axes (IPCA 1 to 3) were found to be significant (P < 0.01). The AMMI biplots distinguished genotypes with wide and specific adaptation and environments with high and low genotype discrimination ability. Ranking the statistical parameters indicated that they are similar in general, especially for the genotypes with similar responses and also for the environments with similar discrimination ability. The results show that the statistical parameters as well as the AMMI model are useful for analyzing GE interaction. Based on the AMMI model, the recommended genotypes had more grain yield improvement in favorable than unfavorable environments. The genotypes selected based on stability of grain yield combined high stability and high‐yielding performance.
Isomorphism Types of Maximal Cofinitary Groups
Authors: Kastermans Bart
Published: July 2009

A cofinitary group is a subgroup of Sym(ℕ) where all nonidentity elements have finitely many fixed points. A maximal cofinitary group is a cofinitary group, maximal with respect to inclusion. We show that a maximal cofinitary group cannot have infinitely many orbits. We also show, using Martin's Axiom, that no further restrictions on the number of orbits can be obtained. We show that Martin's Axiom implies there exist locally finite maximal cofinitary groups. Finally we show that there exists a uniformly computable sequence of permutations generating a cofinitary group whose isomorphism type is not computable.
Effect of Pre-Treatment on the Drying Characteristics and Kinetics of Okra (Abelmoschus esculetus (L.) Moench) Slices
Authors: Sobukola Olajide
Published: June 2009

The effects of air temperature (50, 60 and 70°C), sample thickness (2, 4 and 6mm) and pretreatment conditions (hot water blanching, 1 and 3% sodium metabisulphite solutions) on the drying characteristics and kinetics of okra were investigated using a convective hot air dryer at a flow rate of 1.5m/s. It was observed that pretreatment conditions, sample thickness and drying air temperature significantly (P<0.05) affected drying rate. Drying rate increases as temperature of drying air increases from 50 to 70°C. The drying curve for all experiments occurred in the falling rate period with no constant rate period. Three thin layer drying models (Page, modified Page I and Wang and Singh) were evaluated using coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and the reduced chi square (?2). The three models can appropriately describe the drying kinetics of okra slices considering the different experimental conditions. The effective diffusivity was determined using the Ficks model and was observed to vary between 1.125x10-8  9.93x10-9m2/s and 1.165x10-8  7.131x10-9 m2/s for treated and untreated samples. The Arrhenius-type relationship describes the temperature dependence of diffusivity coefficient and was determined to be 16.749kJ/mol and 22.437kJ/mol for treated and untreated samples respectively.
Assessment of the acetaminophen absorption test as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the reticular groove reflex in lambs
Authors: Sharifi Kamran , Grünberg Walter , Soroori Sarang , Mohri Mehrdad , Ahrari-Khafi Mohamad Saeed
Published: July 2009

Objective—To assess the acetaminophen absorption test (APAT) for use in determining function of the reticular groove reflex in lambs.

Animals—12 Baluchi lambs.

Procedures—2 consecutive APATs were performed at each of 3 developmental stages (stage 1, before weaning; stage 2, at weaning; and stage 3, after weaning). Lambs suckled a test solution consisting of acetaminophen and barium sulfate and 1 week later were tube fed the same test solution. Abdominal radiographs were obtained immediately after administration of the test solution. Plasma acetaminophen concentrations were determined before and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after intake of the test solution.

Results—Closure of the reticular groove after suckling the test solution was confirmed in all 12 lambs at stage 1, in 8 lambs at stage 2, and in 0 lambs at stage 3. Maximum plasma acetaminophen concentrations and area under the plasma acetaminophen concentration-time curves from 0 to 180 minutes were significantly higher in lambs suckling the test solution, compared with values for tube-fed lambs. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that the plasma acetaminophen concentration at 60 minutes after administration was best suited to determine closure of the reticular groove in lambs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that the APAT can be a useful diagnostic instrument to assess function of the reticular groove reflex in lambs. We propose a cutoff value for the plasma acetaminophen concentration of 25 μg/mL at 60 minutes after administration to determine function of the reticular groove mechanism in lambs.
Application of strong ion difference theory to urine and the relationship between urine pH and net acid excretion in cattle
Authors: Constable Peter D. , Gelfert Carl-Christian , Fürll Manfred , Staufenbiel Rudolf , Stämpfli Henry R.
Published: July 2009

Objective—To develop an equation expressing urine pH in terms of independent variables, derive an equation relating urine pH to net acid excretion (NAE), and apply this new knowledge to determine the role that monitoring urine pH should play when diets with low cationanion difference are fed to dairy cattle.

Animals—11 Holstein-Friesian cows.

Procedures—A physicochemical strong ion approach was used to develop a general electroneutrality equation for urine that involved urine pH and strong ion difference (SID [difference between strong cation and strong anion concentrations]), PCO2, the concentration of ammonium ([NH4+]) and phosphate ([PO4]), and 3 constants. The general electroneutrality equation was simplified for use in bovine urine and applied to 321 data points from 11 cows fed different diets.

Results—Urine pH was dependent on 4 independent variables (urine SID, [NH4+], PCO2, and [PO4]) and 3 constants. The simplified electroneutrality equation for bovine urine was pH ≈ {pK1′ − log10(S PCO2)} + log10([K+] + [Na+] + [Mg2+] + [Ca2+] + [NH4+] − [Cl−] − [SO42−]). The relationship between urine pH and NAE (in mEq/L) for cattle fed different diets was pH = 6.12 + log10(−NAE + [NH4+] + 2.6).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A change in urine SID, [NH4+], PCO2, or [PO4] independently and directly led to a change in urine pH. Urinary [K+] had the greatest effect on urine pH in cattle, with high urine [K+] resulting in alkaline urine and low urine [K+] resulting in acidic urine. Urine pH provided an accurate assessment of NAE in cattle when pH was > 6.3.
Effect of National Football League games on small animal emergency room caseload
Authors: Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Rondeau Mark P. , Shaw Scott P. , Rush John E.
Published: July 2009

Objective—To evaluate whether games of popular professional football teams have an effect on small animal emergency room caseload and percentage of dogs and cats that subsequently are hospitalized, are euthanatized, or die following admission to veterinary emergency rooms located within a dedicated fan base.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—818 dogs and cats admitted to the emergency room.

Procedures—During the 2007 New England Patriots (NEP) football season, small animal emergency room caseload was recorded for Sunday (4-hour blocks, 8:00 AM until 12:00 midnight) and Monday night (7:00 PM to 11:00 PM). Number of dogs and cats that subsequently were hospitalized, died, or were euthanatized was recorded. Mean game importance rating (GIR) was determined for NEP games (scale, 1 [mild] to 3 [great]).

Results—Percentage of dogs and cats admitted from 12:00 noon to 4:00 PM on Sundays during NEP games (mean GIR, 1.7) versus non-NEP games was not different. Mean ± SD percentage of dogs and cats admitted from 4:00 PM to 8:00 PM on Sundays during NEP games (mean GIR, 2.4) versus non-NEP games was significantly different (18 ± 5% and 25 ± 7% of daily caseload, respectively). Percentage of dogs and cats admitted from 8:00 PM to 12:00 midnight on Sundays during NEP games (mean GIR, 2.1) versus non-NEP games was not different. Game type (NEP vs non-NEP) during emergency room admission did not influence whether dogs and cats subsequently were hospitalized, died, or were euthanatized.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Professional sporting events may influence veterinary emergency room caseloads.
Customers' Expectations of Complaint Handling by Airline Service: Privilege Status and Reasonability of Demands from a Social Learning Perspective
Authors: Chiou Wen-Bin , Chang Ming-Hsu , Yang Chao-Chin
Published: July 2009

In the airline industry, membership and cabin class are noticeable servicescape features of customers' privilege status. Customers may learn that higher privilege customers are more desired and endured by the airline. From the customers' point of view, those with higher privilege may expect their demands to be complied with when they complain. The present study employed hypothetical scenarios to investigate how the privilege status of passengers and reasonability of their demands influenced their expectations toward the compliance of airline personnel. Analysis showed that higher privilege customers were more likely to expect airline personnel to comply with their demands. Moreover, participants with medium or high levels of privilege status had greater expectations of compliance even when demands were unreasonable. In sum, customer expectations toward complaint handling reflected predictions based on social learning.
Predicting Preschoolers' Social-Cognitive Play Behavior: Attachment, Peers, Temperament, and Physiological Regulation
Authors: Porter Christin L.
Published: July 2009

Research on children's social–cognitive play typologies (i.e., active and passive forms of solitary and social play) suggests links of early play behaviors and later social development and risk status. To date, few studies have examined simultaneously suspected links between children's social–cognitive play types and factors believed to shape these early social-play behaviors. This study examined a simultaneous model of individual (temperament, physiology) and relational variables (attachment, peer networks) believed to influence children's social–cognitive play types, including individual characteristics drawn from the Child Behavior Questionnaire which measures dimensions of shyness and impulsivity, a lab-based assessment of social withdrawal, and physiological markers linked to social regulation (cardiac vagal tone and vagal regulation). Children's attachment status to parents was gathered using Q-Sort methodology, and a measure of previous peer network size was obtained from parents' reports to examine potential links between relational history and social–cognitive play types. Predictive discriminant function analysis showed that children's ( N = 54, age range 35 to 58 months) social–cognitive play was better predicted on the basis of multiple independent variables than individual, zero-order relations. When predicting children's social–cognitive play typologies, a multidimensional view which encompasses both individual characteristics and social-relational variables may best predict social –cognitive play types and help understanding of children's social trajectories.
Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity in Recency Effects: From the Recall Process
Authors: Sasaki Takashi
Published: July 2009

The purpose was to investigate the role of individual differences in working memory capacity in recency effects on free, forward, and backward recall tasks. In Exp. 1, correlations between scores on a listening-span test and recall accuracy of recent items were positive and significant under all conditions. This result suggested participants with large working memory capacity are likely to show a stronger recency effect. Predictive power of the listening-span test was still significant after the word-span score was partialled out. In Exp. 2, the predictive power of the listening-span test scores was not significant when a delay was introduced between study and recall phases. Analysis suggested participants with a larger working memory capacity, and particularly with higher cognitive function, were sensitive to the recollection process.
Perceived Importance of Employees' Traits in the Service Industry
Authors: Lange Rense , Houran James
Published: July 2009

Selection assessments are common practice to help reduce employee turnover in the service industry, but as too little is known about employees' characteristics, which are valued most highly by human resources professionals, a sample of 108 managers and human resources professionals rated the perceived importance of 31 performance traits for Line, Middle, and Senior employees. Rasch scaling analyses indicated strong consensus among the respondents. Nonsocial skills, abilities, and traits such as Ethical Awareness, Self-motivation, Writing Skills, Verbal Ability, Creativity, and Problem Solving were rated as more important for higher level employees. By contrast, traits which directly affect the interaction with customers and coworkers (Service Orientation, Communication Style, Agreeableness, Sense of Humor, Sensitivity to Diversity, Group Process, and Team Building) were rated as more important for lower level employees. Respondents' age and sex did not substantially alter these findings. Results are discussed in terms of improving industry professionals' perceived ecological and external validities of generic and customized assessments of employee.
Selective Reminding Test: Demographic Predictors of Performance and Normative Data for the Greek Population
Authors: Zalonis Ioannis , Kararizou Evangelia , Christidi Fotini , Kapaki Elizabeth , Triantafyllou Nikos I. , Varsou Anastasia , Typaldou Maria , Paraskevas Georgios P. , Vassilopoulos Demetrios
Published: July 2009

The Buschke Selective Reminding Test (SRT) measures verbal learning and memory during a multiple-trial list-learning task, which allows for analysis of encoding, storage, and retrieval data. This study of 443 healthy participants (ages 18 to 83 years with 3 to 18 years of education) presents normative data for the Greek population. Statistical analysis indicated that age and educational level were correlated with all the variables as well as sex, although to a considerably lesser extent. Performance on most of the measures decreased with increasing age and lower education, whereas sex differences favored women over men. Based on these results, the sample was stratified into six age groups and three levels of education, with mean and standard deviation for each group. Current norms for the Selective Reminding Test represent a useful neuropsychological tool in clinical practice for patients with memory dysfunction, irrespective of etiology.
Relation of Motivational Climate and Fear of Failure in Taiwanese Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Tsai Ying-Mei , Chen Lung Hung
Published: July 2009

In this study, the relationship between motivational climate and fear of failure in sport was examined. 176 adolescent athletes were recruited ( M=16.3 yr., SD =13). Athletes completed the Chinese Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire and the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory. Results indicated a performance climate was positively related to the fear of failure, while a mastery climate was not.
Risk assessment in coronary patients undergoing abdominal nonvascular surgery
Authors: Karapandzic Vesna , Matic Mihailo , Pesko Predrag , Rankovic Vitomir , Milicic Biljana
Published: July 2009

The aim of our study was to establish that the incidence of perioperative cardiac complications were in direct correlation with level of operative risk in coronary patients undergoing open abdominal nonvascular surgery with general anesthesia. Our prospective observational clinical study was composed of a group of 111 consecutive patients with angiographically-verified coronary artery disease, who were operated on at the University Clinical Center of Serbia. The patients were classified into four stratification subgroups by “Goldman’s Cardiac Risk Index” (CRI) in relation to the incidence of perioperative cardiac complications. Electrocardiography was performed immediately after surgery, on postoperative days 1, 2, 7 and one day before discharge from the hospital. All patients were followed to postoperative day 30. Statistical design was presented by Pearson’s χ2 test and binomial logistic regression. The main result was significant difference between the four stratification subgroups of coronary patients in the incidence of cardiac death up to the 30th postoperative day: I — 0/17 (0.0%) vs. II — 0/40 (0.0%) vs. III — 1/37 (2.7%) vs. IV — 2/17 (11.8%), (p<0.05). We concluded that the incidence of perioperative cardiac complications significantly increased with the degree of Goldman’s CRI. There was significant difference in the incidence of perioperative cardiac complications between the four Goldman’s stratification subgroups.
Invasive giant basal cell carcinoma of the head: case report, reconstruction choice and literature review
Authors: Sakalauskaite M. , Vitkus K. , Balciunas D. , Sirsinaitis S. , Rocka S.
Published: July 2009

It is unusual to find a giant invasive basal cell carcinoma in the occipital region of the head. We are presenting a case of basal cell carcinoma invading and eroding occipital bone, managed with an unusual scalp reconstruction method. A 69-year-old female presented with a 16x19 cm diameter tumour in the occipital region. Preoperative biopsy revealed a basal cell carcinoma. A complete surgical excision of the tumour was performed in one-step surgery and tissue defect was reconstructed by a pedicle latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. Our case shows that this distant pedicle flap is safe and reliable, and should be revised as the option for the occipital region reconstruction.
Palimpsest
Authors: Olsson Gunnar
Published: July 2009

Taking off from the recent volume Abysmal: A Critique of Cartographic Reason, I return once again to the power-filled question of how I understand how I understand. In that self-referential mood I set off on yet another search for the map-maker's primitives of fix-points, scales, and mappae. What I then find is that the fix-points turn into a set of questionable tautologies; that the scales struggle with the impossible translation between the singular I and the plural we; that the mappa of the taken-for-granted is a palimpsest in which decisive layers come from the early history of deductive reason, especially the introduction of the lettered diagram. Throughout, naming is the name of the game, the decisive instrument for making us so obedient and so predictable.
Playing the Feminine Card: Women of the Early Modern Map Trade
Authors: Petto Christine M.
Published: July 2009

Images of allegorical women have often appeared on maps or in atlas frontispieces as objects in need of security provided by male protectors or as the counterpoint, objects to be dominated by male possessors. Exploring the role of women in the early modern map trade initially reveals not only a similar male dominance but also similar calls for protection. Nearly 10 years ago, Alice Hudson and Mary McMichael Ritzlin produced a checklist of about 300 pre-twentieth-century women in cartography. The present work contributes to the further investigation of some of these women in the early modern map trade and studies in the allied field of book printing, and more general works on women in commercial trade provide the framework for this piece. Women in the map trade were quite cognizant of the challenges of their gender and used a feminine discourse – that is, they played the feminine card – when it served their interests. All of these women, however, participated in the male discourse of the corporate community, which entailed not only making contracts and partnerships and advertising and producing new works but also making use of the social network within the trade, as well as exploiting the patronage connections cultivated by their husbands before them.
Have They Learnt to Swim?
Authors: Blühdorn Ingolfur
Published: June 2009

“Liquid modernity” is a concept that Zygmunt Bauman suggested to

describe a certain condition in advanced modern societies where changeability,

unpredictability, and unreliability have become core features

determining individual life and social interaction.1 Diminishing party loyalty

and increasing voter volatility, erratic but often vociferous articulation

of political preferences and participation, and a marked shift towards populism

all belong to the political fallout from Bauman’s condition of liquidity.

With his notion of the “fluid five-party system,” Oskar Niedermayer has

further developed the metaphor.2 On the one hand, his concept attempts

to capture the new structural characteristics of the German party system,

i.e., its fragmentation and structural asymmetry. On the other hand, it

seeks to capture the changed relationship between the individual parties,

specifically their mutual demarcation and rapprochement in the context of

coalition strategies. Indeed, having to compete in a five-party system and

trying to optimize their strategic position in a context of high unpredictability

is the major new challenge Germany’s political parties are having

to confront.
Option Grün: Alliance 90/The Greens at the Dawn of New Opportunities?
Authors: Blühdorn Ingolfur
Published: June 2009

Following the end of their government coalition with the Social Democratic Party, German Green Party leaders spoke of "a dawn of new opportunities" for Alliance 90/The Greens. They wanted to capitalize on the strategic opportunities afforded by Germany's new five-party system and on the unexpected rise of climate change in public debate. Shortly before the 2009 federal election, however, the party's "new opportunities" seem rather limited. Selectively focusing on one particular explanatory factor, this article contrasts the Green's neo-radical eco-political position as it has emerged since 2005 with the ways in which environmental issues are addressed by the currently popular LOHAS (Life of Health and Sustainability) consumer movement. It suggests that the German Greens may have paid too little attention to the ongoing reframing of the environmental issue in public discourse and that this has impaired their prospects for a swift return to government office.