bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sepiolite and Mycorrhizals on Nutrient Element Absorptions of Maize in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil
Authors: Yang Xiu Min , Ren Guang Men , Luo Ke Jie
Published: September 2013

Effects of adding sepiolite and mycorrhizal in soil polluted by heavy metals on nutrient elements in maize were studied. Results of pot culture experiments indicate that sepiolite treatment and combined treatment of sepiolite and mycyorrhizals can promote phosphorus and calcium absorptions by shoots and roots of maize, and prohibit their absorptions of manganese and magnesium.The sepiolite treatment decrease iron concentrations in shoots and roots of maize. The combined treatment of sepiolite and mycorrhizals give no significant effect on iron concentrations in shoots. The treatments of Glomus mosseae and Glomusintraradices give no significant effects on concentrations of phosphorus and calcium in shoots and roots, but decrease magnesium concentration in them. They show no evident effect on concentrations of iron and manganese in shoots, but increase the manganese concentration in roots. The treatment of Glomusintraradices increases iron concentration in roots. The two kinds of mycorrhizals give different performances.
Research on a Technique of Eco-Friendly Chemical Conversion Coating
Authors: Zhu Rong Xia , Miao Zheng , Wang Cui Xiang
Published: September 2013

A Technology of eco-friendly chemical conversion coating on magnesium alloys by phosphate-permanganate was studied. The performances of blank sample and chrome-free chemical conversion coating on Mg-based alloys were studied. The morphology and corrosion resistance of chemical conversion coating were tested by metallographic microscope and corrosive test. The best technology condition is that the concentration of KMnO4 is 20g/L, Na3PO4 is 100g/L, KF is 40g/L, and the pH is 7~8, the temperature is 50°C．The time of the chemical conversion is 40min.
Preparation of Adsorbents Based on Dendrimer Modified Silica Gel and its Adsorption Performances for Lead
Authors: Wu Xiong Zhi , Li Li , Li Fei Ping , Jin Wen Ying
Published: September 2013

A new sorbent (PAMAM4.0GASG) with gallic acid as functional group has been prepared based on G4.0 polyamidoamine dendrimer modified silica gel (PAMAM4.0SG) and characterized with FTIR. It was employed for selective separation, preconcentration and determination of lead in different samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Experimental conditions for effective separation and preconcentration of lead were optimized. The preconcentration factor reaches 200 for lead. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) under optimum conditions was 2.1% for 5.0 μg ml1 of Pb (II).The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was 2.1% for 5.0 μg ml1 of Pb (II). The limit of detection (LOD) of 0.081μg ml1 was achieved with a sample loading flow rate of 4.2 ml min1 and a 10 ml sample volume in the proposed method. The proposed column enrichment method was applied for the preconcentration/separation and determination of Pb (II) in tap water and river water samples successfully.
Research of Heavy Metal Particle and Ions Absorption Mechanism of Ordinary Portland Cement Materials
Authors: Wang Ya Li , Cui Su Ping , Xu Xi Kui , Xu Hai Bo
Published: September 2013

As the sign of social development, the vehicles and traffic flux have been increasing and have greatly influenced the ecological environment at the same time, especially on the cementitious based materials along roads as well as constructions. Heavy metal particle and ion absorption behavior and mechanism in cement materials were investigated and analyzed by means of ICP, SEM-EDS and XRD. The absorption mechanism was discussed and generalized.
The Research on the Mechanical Properties of the same Curing Agent of Different Soil Dredged Mud
Authors: Yang Xiao Yan , Liu Wen Bai , Wang Jia Jun , Shi Wen Hui
Published: September 2013

Through confined compression test and direct shear test, studied the mechanical properties of the same curing agent of different soil dredged mud, compared the difference of the same curing agent of different soil dredged mud. By confined compression test, the compression modulus of clay, silty sand and silty soil dredged mud after curing increases by 603.7%, 529.0% , 603.7% respectively. By direct shear test, the shear strength of clay dredged mud after curing increases to infinity; silty sands shear strength after curing increases by 209.1% in average; silty soils shear strength increases after curing by 147.5% in average. The compression and shear resistance of this kind of special curing agent for clay is best, silty sand second, but for the silty soil only has a little effect.
Research Progress of Slicing Method for Solar Silicon Wafer
Authors: Wang Jin Sheng , Li Zi Fa , Wang Wei Bing
Published: September 2013

Solar photovoltaic cell demand is great in the whole world and its manufacturing cost is also high. The main reason that slicing cost is too high, because of the low slicing efficiency and large kerf loss.Therefore, many scholars are studying new slicing method in order to reduce the cost. In this paper, we summarize conventional and new slicing method for solar silicon wafer, and think that new slicing method widely apply in photovoltaic industry, which needs to solve some technical problems. At present, multi-wire saw technology still is mainly slicing method in photovoltaic industry.
Study of High-Power White LED's Lifetime Based on Accelerated Life Test
Authors: Li De Sheng , Zou Nian Yu , Zhang Yun Cui , He Xiao Yang , Yang Yi
Published: September 2013

The study of LED reliability becomes more and more important with LED widely used in various areas, and accelerated life test (ALT) as an element of reliability test is widely used to predict the lifetime of LED. In this paper, ALTs have been carried out at various current levels and various temperature levels. In the current ALT experiment, three kinds of stressing currents were demonstrated for 1W white LEDs and lumen flux of the tested LEDs were studied, and based on Eyting model, lifetime of the tested LEDs is calculated about 6.86×105h. In the temperature ALT experiment, two kinds of stressing temperature were demonstrated for the same type of white LEDs and lumen flux were also studied, and based on Arrhenius model, lifetime of the tested LEDs is calculated about 7.41×105h. In addition, the color shifting velocity is faster than lumens depreciation velocity was observed in our experiment, which means the lifetime evaluating of white LED should be paid more attention.
Experimental Research on Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials Applied in the Phase Change Wall
Authors: Yue Li Hang , Yan Quan Ying , Ruan Zhen Bang
Published: September 2013

Shape-stabilized phase change materials can store thermal energy and save energy when it is added into the wall. The phase change temperature, latent heat and the stability of shape-stabilized phase change materials with different component were studied experimentally. The critical mass fraction of paraffin required in the materials is given. It is proved that the shape-stabilized phase change material is ideal material used in the phase change wall because it has good stability and uniformity, higher latent heat and suitable phase change temperature.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Property of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle
Authors: Qian Jie Chen , Chen Zhi Xing , Zhu Li Jun
Published: September 2013

ZnO nanorods were obtained by hydrothermal method using Zn (NO3)2 and N4(CH2)6 as raw materials, crystalline nanoplate ZnO grew on the columnar facets of the primary ZnO rods when citrate was introduced in the reaction system. The crystalling phase of ZnO particle was characterized by X-ray diffraction, the morphology was observed by SEM, the structure was indicated by FTIR. The result showed that the average nanoparticle diameter of ZnO was around 60 nm. Through the photocatalytic degradation of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in aqueous solution under the illumination of UV light, nanoplate ZnO displayed high photocatalytic activity, the degradation efficiency was rising to 87.8% at 60 min illumination time.
Research on High Ductility Cementitious Composites Improved by Water-Soluble Polymer and Micro-Fibers
Authors: Guo Li Ping , Zhang Wen Xiao , Chen Bo , Zhang Li Hui , Jin Lin Hong
Published: September 2013

The toughness of cement-based materials, related to the performance such as durability and strength, attracts much more attention nowadays. In this paper, the curve of bending load-deflection was adopted to research the influencesof polymers (dispersibility emulsion powder, PVA and styrene butadiene latex) and fibers (PVAF, steel fiber,basalt fiber) on basic mechanical properties and toughness. The results show that the PVAF pre-incorporate in cement motor could improve the toughness of cement motor. In addition, an environmental scanning electron microscopic analysis (ESEM) and hardness were adopted to analyze the microscope morphology of polymer films inside of hardened cementitious composites.
Study on the Welding Process and Application of Al/Cu Materials
Authors: Yang Hong , Xie Nian Suo , Liu Qiang
Published: September 2013

The characteristics of welding process for aluminum-copper dissimilar material such as friction welding, explosive welding, brazing and cold pressure welding are discussed firstly in this paper. Then the welding technology and its application for aluminum-copper dissimilar material are summarized. Finally, the outlook is analyzed for the welding process of aluminum-copper dissimilar material.
The Environmental Effect of Radioactive Particles in the Contaminated Sites with Resuspended Plutonium Aerosols
Authors: Liu Wen Jie , Wang Peng Lai , Xiao Zhi Qiang
Published: September 2013

The plutonium material within the nuclear devices would be aerosolized and cause intense respirable hazards in the scenes of nuclear test and nuclear accident. The assessment of plutonium aerosol resuspension according to the typical radioactive contaminated sites would provide instructional data for the resuspended aerosol fluctuation study and edaphic cleanup, which can remedy the uselessness of aerosol diffusion model in the study of plutonium contaminated regions. The empirical model of plutonium aerosol resuspension is based on the aerophysics, the geognosy and the radiochemistry. This method was applied to analyze the representative plutonium contaminated regions. The results indicate that soil erosion is the intrinsic factor of resuspension process. The resuspended concentrations of plutonium aerosols in nuclear test sites are much less severe than those in the “non-nuclear” test sites (safety shots and simulated nuclear accident tests). Short-term, orders-of-magnitude fluctuations of the airborne concentrations are observed due to the natural and man-made disturbances. After systematic soil cleanup the resuspended plutonium aerosol concentration could fall down to the public allowable level.
Study on Short Basalt Fiber Reinforced Silicone Rubber Composites
Authors: Wu Wei Li , Cai Jin Yue
Published: September 2013

Silicone rubber has excellent performance, such as cold resistance, heat resistance, ozone resistance, thermal properties and insulating properties and so on. However, silicone rubber is in the state of semi-liquids and it is very soft, so the mechanical properties of silicone rubber are very poor. In order to improve its availability of silicone rubber, short basalt fiber / silicone rubber composite materials were prepared by using short basalt fiber as reinforcement, and its mechanical properties and compatibility were studied. The best formulation of short basalt fiber / silicone rubber composite materials were determined by testing Shore A hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break, and the morphology structure and compatibility of short basalt fiber / silicone rubber composite materials were discussed by scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrum, prepare excellent performance of silicone rubber composite materials.
Thermochemical Properties of Dissolution of Nitroguanidine in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and N,N-Dimethylformamide
Authors: Xiao Li Bai , Xing Xiao Ling , Zhao Feng Qi , Gao Hong Xu , Na Li , Yang Luo , Yi Jian Hua
Published: September 2013

Abatract. The enthalpies of dissolution for nitroguanidine (NQ) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) andN,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were measured using a RD496-2000 Calvet microcalorimeter at 298.15 K. Empirical formula for the calculation of the enthalpies of dissolution (ΔdissH) was obtained from the experimental data of the dissolution processes of NQ in DMSO and DMF. The corresponding kinetic equations describing the dissolution processes were dα/dt=10-1.49(1-α)0.94for the dissolution of NQ in DMSO and dα/dt=10-1.59(1-α)0.90for the dissolution of NQ in DMF.
The Research of Electrochemical Properties of Al-Mg-Sn-Ga-Bi Alloys in Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Gao Jun Wei , Wen Jiu Ba , He Jun Guang
Published: September 2013

The microstructure and electrochemical properties of the Al-1Mg-0.1Sn-0.1Ga-xBi alloys were investigated by means of SEM/EDAX and electrochemical measurements, the self-corrosion was tested by using the gas-collecting method. The results show that element Bi in alloys is mainly segregated along the grain boundaries. The addition of Bi increases segregative phases which further activate the alloys to get more negative open circuit potentials, at the same time self-corrosion increases. Al-1Mg-0.1Sn-0.1Ga-0.1Bi has good comprehensive electrochemical properties, with ocp-1.693V (vs Hg/HgO) and self-corrosion rate 0.231 ml·cm-2 ·min-1 in 4 mol NaOH solution.
Facile Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets and their Anode Electrochemical Performances in Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Ge Qi Sheng , Wang Dong Fang , Ping Guang Xing , Chen Da , Fan Mei Qiang , Qin Lai Shun , Lv Chun Jv , Shu Kang Ying
Published: September 2013

In this work, graphene nanosheets (GNSs) were prepared by the thermal pyrolysis of graphene oxide (GO) at 900 °C for 3 h, and their electrochemical performances as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) were also investigated. TEM and SEM images clearly showed that the as-prepared GNSs had a transparent two-dimensional (2D) structure with 5~10 multilayers. The other experimental results (XRD, Raman, TG and FT-IR) confirmed the successful synthesis of GNSs. Electrochemical measurements revealed that GNSs had an initial discharge capacity of 1276 mAh g-1 and still remained 723 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles, indicating that the as-prepared GNSs shows a great potential as anode materials for LIBs.
Recovery of Polyvinyl Alcohol Wastewater with Sodium Polyphosphate
Authors: Yue Zhang , Yu Mei Yan , Hui Wang
Published: September 2013

The recovery of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by flocculation method is investigated. The sodium polyphosphate is used as flocculating agent. The sodium sulfate produced by the relation between sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid is used as salting-out agent. The sodium carbonate is used as coagulating agent. The optimal component ratio of flocculating agent, salting-out agent, coagulating agent is obtained by orthogonal experiment. The absorbency of PVA solution is selected as a reference index. PVA content was determined with spectrophotometry. The structure of recovered PVA is analyzed by infrared spectrum. The results show that the PVA recovery rate is as high as 96.5%.Keywords: flocculation method; PVA; sodium polyphosphate; orthogonal experiment;
Application of the Intelligent Control System of Biological Aerated Filter Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Sun Hong , Wu Qian Zhong
Published: September 2013

Due to the traditional wastewater treatment method has disadvantages of low efficiency and high-energy, in allusion to these problems, this paper proposed a kind of intelligent wastewater treatment control system based on biological aerated filter (BAF), combined with strong function of SIEMENS S7-300 PLC. It introduced the principle of BAF, configuration scheme, hardware and software design. It can track operation parameters on line, failure diagnosis and alarm, so as to realize intelligent control. Through the actual operation analysis and simulations, show the system runs stably, easy to control and manage, better achieves the quality standard of urban reuse water.
The Best Culture Conditions of Rhodopseudomonas spp. by Orthogonal Experiment
Authors: Xu Cheng Bin , Li Yao Yao , Meng Xue Lian , Sun Xue Kai
Published: September 2013

Four photosynthetic bacteriumRhodopseudomonas spp., QDS2, QDS3, QDS4and QDS9, were isolated and screened from the bottom sludge of Qingdao coast. In order to get a mass of PSB, we successfully optimized the culture conditions of four strains by orthogonal experiment and obtained the best culture conditions.
Preparation of Mn-Fe Binary Oxide for Arsenic Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Xue Mei , Liu Ting Ting , Cao Fei
Published: September 2013

Adsorption removal of arsenic from contaminated drinking water was carried out by using Mn-Fe binary oxide adsorbent. Main phase of adsorbents was influenced by pH value of solution, and pH of 10 is the suitable synthesis condition to achieve the Mn-Fe binary oxide suspension adsorbents. Adsorbents with Mn/Fe mole ratio from 6/4 to 2/8 exhibits higher arsenite removal larger than 99.6%.
Experimental Study on Regularities of Carbonation for CO2 Capture Using Ammonia Solution
Authors: Qin Hong Yan , Zhang Peng Zhi , Zhang Si Si , Wang Xiang Peng
Published: September 2013

The regularities of carbonation in the process of CO2 capture were investigated using ammonia solution by laboratory-scale and bench-scale device. The research showed that the lower volatility of NH3 and higher rate of carbonization in solution could be achieved with ammonia concentration ranging from 10 to 16 wt%. The emission of ammonia accelerated with the increasing of flow of flue gas, and the bubbling function of air was apparent in a lower CO2 volume fraction, which has an adverse effect on carbonation of solution. Benefits of environment and economic could be achieved in CO2 capture using ammonia solution so long as appropriate ammonia concentration, the flue gas flow and volume fraction of CO2 were determined.
Study of Reborn Concrete Block Using Construction Wastes
Authors: Shi Chang Ying , Wang Li Juan
Published: September 2013

Using recycled coarse aggregate of Class I to get the high-strength class concrete block, using cycled coarse aggregate of Class III to get the concrete block whose strength level meets the requirements and to get concrete block that has excellent thermal insulation properties, to meet the needs of the diverse market. Finally, through the analysis of the production process and detection data, we can make a conclusive, provide a theoretical basis for the use of construction waste, and provide technical support for the production.
Oxidation Treatment of Phenol Contaminated Soil Using Potassium Ferrate (K2FeO4)
Authors: Liu Guang Min , Jia Xin , Jia Fan Ao
Published: September 2013

Phenol was selected as the target contaminant and the simulant phenol contaminated soil was treated with Potassium Ferrate Oxidation Method in Chemical leaking accidents. Potassium ferrate is very suitable for disposing the refractory toxic organic in the contaminated soil in a short time, and with no secondary pollution on the environment. When the reaction time was 10min in the oscillating condition; initial system pH 5.0~9.0 (adjusted by 2% sulfuric acid); potassium ferrate dosage was 25mg.ml-1; potassium ferrate was added into the reactor in batches and pH was adjusted to neutral, the degradation efficiency of phenol reached up to 95% and the whole reaction process was done in 10 min.
Impact of Technological Factors on Dosing of Metal at Die-Casting
Authors: Kotus Martin , Matisková Darina , Mura Ladislav
Published: September 2013

This contribution describes the dosing method at die-casting using a mechanical dosimeter, by derivation of back coupling from the motion of the dosimeter arm. The motion of the dosimeter arm is described by motion equations and their analysis by the linear theory of control. Furthermore, there are derived the transfers of actuating quantity, failures and controls. Based on them, the control circuit is stable and periodic after satisfying certain conditions, failing which it is stable, damped and oscillating.
Comparison of Cooling Variants by Simulation Software
Authors: Dobránsky Jozef , Mikuš Rastislav , Ružbarský Juraj
Published: September 2013

This paper deals with the verification of thermoplastic flowing when manufacturing plastic products by injection moulding used in the consumer industry. An analysis was performed by Plastic Insight, which is used for the determination of flow properties of thermoplastic materials. A good knowledge of flow properties of these materials enables a very good starting position for the design of thermoplastic products made by the injection moulding technology [1,2]. The task of this simulation was the comparison of injection parameters of a mould, with and without cooling of channels. Simulated thermoplastic material is used for the manufacture of ribs in washing machine drums. The tested material was polypropylene.
Analysis of Risk Using FMEA
Authors: Földešiová Daniela , Korenko Maroš , Ferancová Martina , Kaplík Pavol
Published: September 2013

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was performed in RIBE Slovakia, k.s. (limited partnership) in Nitra, Slovakia. Analysis was done in the process of cold forming where potential errors (failures) were identified. Subsequently, there was assigned a mark in the FMEA form expressing severity, frequency and undetectability, and a risk priority number (RPN) was calculated. If the risk priority number (RPN) is too high, corrective measures are proposed and adopted in order for the risk to be minimized or completely eliminated.
Lead-Free Cu-Si-Zn Brass with Tin Addition
Authors: Puathawee Sasiworada , Rojananan Siriporn , Rojananan Surasit
Published: September 2013

In this work, lead-free silicon brass (Cu-Si-Zn) with tin addition was studied to investigate on the comparative influence of the adding and non-adding tin on the microstructures and microhardness. In order to produce new alloy compositions, varied amount of silicon (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 wt%) were incorporated. The ranges of chemical compositions were copper contents between 58.7 and 60.3 wt%, tin content 0.6 wt% and zinc remaining. The silicon brasses were prepared by melting pure elements with a graphite crucible using an induction furnace. The chemical composition of each alloy has been determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). Microstructures of the as-cast silicon brass ingots have been observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The respective chemical analysis of the phases was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and the hardness was measured by Vickers hardness test. The results revealed that the hardness of 60Cu-0.5Si-39.5Zn brass was 123.4 HV. The higher silicon content improved the higher hardness of samples. Moreover, the addition of tin together with silicon increased amount of beta (β) phase and more uniform dispersive gamma (γ) phase than those of the silicon addition alone. It could be concluded that the tin addition enhanced the hardness of lead-free Cu-Si-Zn brass and trended to be helpful for machining.
Current Transport Mechanism of n-Type Nanocrystalline FeSi2/Intrinsic Si/p-Type Si Heterojunctions Fabricated by Facing-Targets Direct-Current Sputtering
Authors: Promros Nathaporn , Funasaki Suguru , Iwasaki Ryūhei , Yoshitake Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2013

n-Type nanocrystalline FeSi2/intrinsic Si/p-type Si heterojunctions were successfully fabricated by FTDCS and their forward current-voltage characteristics at low temperatures were analyzed on the basis of thermionic emission theory. The analysis of J-V characteristics exhibits an increase in the ideality factor and a decrease in the barrier height at low temperatures. The values of ideality factor were estimated to be 2.26 at 300 K and 9.29 at 77 K. The temperature dependent ideality factortogether with the constant value of parameter A indicated that a trap assisted multi-step tunneling process is the dominant carrier transport mechanism in this heterojunction. At high voltages, the current transport mechanism is dominated by SCLC process.
Study on Optical and Electronic Properties of Sn-Doped ZnPc
Authors: Rangkasikorn Adirek , Saributr Chaloempol , Rojanasuwan Sunit , Tammarugwattana Narin , Mano Kitipong , Thanomngam Pitiporn , Nukeaw Jiti
Published: September 2013

Sn doped ZnPc films were deposited on intrinsic Si and glass substrates by organic source thermal co-evaporation technique with different deposition rates. Optical properties and electronic structure were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) respectively. The UV-Vis results showed that phase transition of ZnPc from α-phase to β-phase occurred when Sn:ZnPc deposition rate is 0.3:0.7 or higher. XPS results indicated that the outer s electron of Sn atom is transferred to the ZnPc. Broadening of the C 1s spectra is observed with the increasing of Sn deposition rate. This broadening corresponds to the change of molecular environment surrounding carbon atoms in the Sn-doped ZnPc films.
Photocatalytic Activities under UV Light of Ball-Milled TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Rattanarak Jiravat , Mekprasart Wanichaya , Pecharapa Wisanu , Techitdheera Wicharn
Published: September 2013

Anatase TiO2powders used as photocatalysts were prepared by ball milling process at various milling time and annealed in nitrogen atmosphereat different temperatures. Commercial TiO2powders were ball-milled with ethanol at room temperature. After ball milling process, the samples were annealed in nitrogen atmosphere. The particle sizes and surface area of milled powders were measured by particle analyzer and Brunauer Emmet Teller method(BET). Effect of milling time and annealing temperature on structural properties of TiO2powders was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The degradation of aquous RhB dye by ball-milled TiO2powder photocatalyst was investigated under UV light irradiation. Comparing to P-25, TiO2powder prepared via ball milling process at 24 hr demonstrated significant enhancement in its photocatalytic activity under UV light due to the increasing active surface area after ball milling process.
Modification of Working Electrode of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using TiO2 Nanopraticles/TiO2 Nanofibers/CNT Composite
Authors: Mekprasart Wanichaya , Jarernboon Wirat , Techitdheera Wicharn
Published: September 2013

The working electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell was modified using composite material of TiO2 particles/TiO2 nanofibers/CNT by doctor blade method. Structural properties of pre-cursor materials and as-prepared working electrodes were well characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The efficiency and relevant parameters of solar cells with modified electrodes were measured. The optimized weight ratios of 1 wt.% TiO2 nanofibers derived from leucoxene and 0.01 wt.% CNT exhibited the highest improvement of DSSC efficiency with solar efficiency of 1.11% and fill factor of 0.32. The increase of current density may be originated from easier electron transfer that occurred in the device with modified TiO2 particles/TiO2 nanofibers/CNT composite.
Fabrication of Small Size Inner Spiral Ribbed Copper Tube Using Tube Sinking Method
Authors: Tangsri Tanit , Norasethasopon Somchai
Published: September 2013

This research related to the development of ultra-small inner spiral ribbed copper tubes (ISRCT) which has the quality and the efficiency in transferring the high heat. So the demand of using ultra-small tubes in electrical appliances today is very high and will be greater in the future. The technology required must be the technology that can produce ultra-small ISRCT with various distinguishing features such as small size, high quality, high functionality and low cost of productions in order to fulfill the increasing demand. The conventional production method was suitable for large tubes which high draw ability, but unsuitable for the fabrication of long ultra-small tubes because it is difficult to manufacture the devices used as tools such as an ultra-small spiral ribbed mandrel and a floating plug. This research has proposed tube sinking drawing method and presented a comparison of seven parameters, including the drawing stress, wall thickness ratio, ribbed base width ratio, ribbed tip width ratio, ribbed height ratio, ribbed pitch ratio, and ribbed spiral angle ratio. The experiment was found that the tube sinking was possible for making the ultra-small ISRCT. The results showed the sum of a reduction in the right size in the case of ultra-small ISRCT. The most appropriate must not exceed 68.81% and will be reduced after draw formed to the 8th.
Study on Flavor Compounds by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Enshi Lobster Sauce and Fermented Yichang Conditions Exploration and Volatile
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhou Jiao , Yang Xiao Hong
Published: September 2013

Headspace solid phase microextraction - gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) qualitative analysis of volatile substances in Enshi lobster sauce. Yichang, explore the lobster sauce lobster sauce with the best essential conditions to the total peak area of volatile substances as an indicator to determine the optimal experimental conditions for the HS.SPME:Water bath temperature of 50 degrees Celsius，20 minutes extraction time, desorption time 2 min, SPME CAR / PDMS. The results show that fermented in enshi to detect the party of volatile matter 41， Enshi douchi of volatile compounds in components have eight categories .those are alcohols (6), acid (7), ether (2), Pyrazine (3), aldehydes ketones (4), hydrocarbon (19), pyrazine (3), thiazole (1) . fermented in yichang to detect the party of volatile matter 23，yichang douchi of volatile compounds in components have nine categories .those are alcohols (4), acid (5), ether (1), Pyrazine (1), ester (4), Pyrazine(4), hydrocarbon (4), pyrazine (2), furan（1），thiazole (1) .
Removal of Phosphate Anions from Wastewater by Wasted Low Grade Iron Ore with High Phosphorus Adsorbent
Authors: Yuan Xiao Li , Xia Wen Tang
Published: September 2013

Low grade ore iron with high phosphorus(LGIOWHP), an industrial solid waste is used as an adsorbent to remove phosphate anions from wastewater. The effects of initial pH, stirring speed, reaction time, reaction temperature and adsorbent dosage on the phosphate removal rate were investigated. The results show that the phosphate removal rate exceed 99% under the optimal conditions. After phosphate removal reaction, the phosphate concentrations completely meet the requirement of national discharge standards of the second category pollution (GB 8978- 1996).
Alkali-Catalyzed Transesterification of Palm Oil by Ultrasonication
Authors: Gao Ming , Yan Yu Qing , Lin Xing
Published: September 2013

Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic fuel. At present, biodiesel is primarily produced in batch reactors in which the required energy is provided by heating accompanied by mechanical mixing. Alternatively, ultrasonic processing is an effective way to attain required mixing while providing the necessary activation energy. Biodiesel was synthesized by palm oil using ultrasonication and alkali-acid catalysis method. Its structure was characterized by gas chromatograph, and the effects of various factors on transesterification rate were studied. The results show that biodiesel yield in excess of 95% can be achieved in 30 min, at the 40Hz amplitude level, methanol/oil weight ratio of 1.3, 0.5% of alkaline, reaction temperature of 50-60 °C.
Flotation of Low-Grade DongChuan Copper Oxide Ores with Xanthate and Hydroxamate Collectors
Authors: Xiong Fei , Li Yan Jun , Zhang Zhong Hui , Lan Yao Zhong
Published: September 2013

A hydroxamate collector AM28 is used in conjunction with Potassium Amyl Xanthate (PAX) to allow the flotation of the low-grade copper oxide ores from DongChuan Mine. A series of batch laboratory scale flotation tests are conducted for oxide copper minerals to establish the flotation response and the suitability of the collectors. From the rougher flotation tests performed, the highest copper recovery obtained is 78.9% at a concentrate grade of 2.5% using AM28 dosage of 740g/t and PAX dosage of 20g/t. With one stage of cleaning, the obtained copper grade increases to 9.6% with the copper recovery at 64.9%.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antitumor Activities of Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Wang Qing Kun , Pu Shao Ping , Li Yong Nian , He Jian , Jin Jie , Zhang Qi
Published: September 2013

In order to obtain the mixed isobutylamine /cyclopentylamine platinum complexes with chloride and oxalic acid ions as leaving groups. The title compounds were synthetised from potassiumtetrachloroplatinate(II) by the reaction with potassium iodide, cyclopentylamine, isobutylamine, silver nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium oxalate monohydrate. The complexes structure and component were characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, 1H-NMR and IR and the anticancer activity were measured by MTT method. The results showed that its structure was consistent with the title compound and had inhibiting effect on the growth of tumor cell lines in vitro.
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Performance of Advanced Materials Research from 2005 to 2012
Authors: Liu Ting
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a detailed chronological survey of paper published in the journal titledAdvanced Materials Researchfrom 2005 to 2012. An analysis of the research performance according to publication output, country, institute, classification code and controlled vocabulary used. Results showed that China published about 85% of total publications, and School Of Mechanical Engineering And Automation, Northeastern University was the most productive institute. In addition, results also showed that manufacture, building materials, design, civil engineering and construction equipment were the most frequently used controlled vocabularies
High Temperature Phase Transformation in a Cold-Rolled Fe-Mn-Si Alloy
Authors: Zhou Z.C. , Yang D.K. , Du J. , Yan Y.J. , Gu S.Y. , Yang H.
Published: September 2013

The internal friction of a cold-rolled Fe-Mn-Si alloy has been investigated using a multifunctional internal friction apparatus though forced vibration method from room temperature to 950 °C. It has been shown that an internal friction peak is found on the IF-T curves during first heating at around 640 °C for the cold-rolled Fe-Mn-Si alloy. The internal friction peak is confirmed to be crystallizing peak of amorphous. The amorphous is resulted from the cold-rolling of the Fe-Mn-Si alloy.
Material Analysis of a Locking Bar with Failure
Authors: Zhu Mei Hua , Lu Jia Wei , Xi Ying , Zhang Jin Sen , Chen Zhe
Published: September 2013

The external locking device of a railroad switch is an important installation to lock switch rails and stock rails or wing rails by a switch machine. A locking bar can link with the actuator pole of the switch machine to finish switch and act in concert with the locking hook to lock the system. It is required adequate mechanical properties such as yield and fatigue strength. The text analyzes macro-feature of the fracture of a locking bar with failure and gets the conclusion that the locking bar fatigue fractured under alternating load. Metallographic structure and hardness of the material are also examined and found that quenching tends to be overheated with its poor hardenability. The solution is to improve the heat treatment method and increase the fatigue strength.
Tea Waste: A New Adsorbent for the Removal of Reactive Dyes from Textile Wastewater
Authors: Zuorro Antonio , Santarelli Maria Laura , Lavecchia Roberto
Published: September 2013

Spent tea leaves (STL), a valueless waste produced during the manufacturing of tea beverages, were investigated as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of the azo dyes Reactive Blue 19 (RB19), Reactive Red 120 (RR 120), Reactive Violet 5 (RV5) and Reactive Green 19 (R19) from wastewater. Untreated STL showed very low removal efficiency (< 7%), while a significant increase in dye adsorption was observed when they were thermally activated. Heating STL to 300 °C for 1 hour resulted in removal efficiencies ranging from 68.5 to 98.4%. Characterization of the waste by FTIR and TG/DTA indicated that major structural and/or chemical changes of the cellulose and hemicellulose components of STL occurred during heating.
Variation of Tension during Flattening Process of Aluminium Strips
Authors: Yang Hai Bo , Liang Meng
Published: September 2013

Theoretically illustrates the principle of tension variation during flattening process. Analysis of the changing process of the tension from the perspective of energy consumption. Gives a calculation formula of tension variation on the base of plane assumption. In addition, research the the influences of technological parameters to tension variation by using finite element software . Finally, analyzing the change process of the tension during flattening process.
The Study about the Effect of Work-Piece Space on Copper-Cerium Alloy Case Thickness and Component
Authors: Gao Bo , Xu Jin Yong , Luo Wen Yao , Wang Yi Guang , Gao Cheng
Published: September 2013

In this paper, the author uses double glow plasma surface metallurgy technology, prepares antibacterial stainless steel with copper-cerium case on its surface, does some research on how work-piece space affects Copper-cerium case thickness and component in the case. According to experiment, we find in the range of 10 mm to 25 mm, copper-cerium case depth firstly increase and then decrease with the distance expands; copper-cerium component first rises and then falls with the work-piece space .When the distance is 15mm, hollow cathode effect forms between two plates, we can obtain ideal copper-cerium alley case.
Optimization of Microwave Drying of CuCl Residue Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Zuo Yong Gang , Zhang Li Bo , Liu Bing Guo , Peng Jin Hui , Ma Ai Yuan
Published: September 2013

Abstract: The technology that CuCl residue from Zn hydrometallurgy was dried by microwave heating was studied. The influence of the drying duration, drying temperature and material thickness on dehydration rate was investigated. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique was utilized to optimize the process conditions. The optimum conditions for drying CuCl residue have been identified to be an drying temperature of 80°C, drying duration of 11 min and material thickness of 16 mm. The optimum conditions resulted in an CuCl residue with moisture content of 4.97%, which could ensure remove chlorine of CuCl residue by microwave roasting.
The Thermal Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Treated with Flame Retardant
Authors: Gao Ming , Yang Yong Li
Published: September 2013

A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (MIFR), was synthesized, and its structure was a caged bicyclic macromolecule containing phosphorus characterized by IR. Rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) were modified with MIFR to get the flame retardant PUF, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI). 25% of weight of MIFR were doped into PUF to get 24.5 of LOI and UL 94 V-0. The thermal properties of epoxy resins containing MIFR were investigated with thermogravimetry (TG). Activation energy for the decomposition of samples was obtained using Kissinger equation. The resultant data show that for PUF containing MIFR, compared with PUF, MIFR decreased weight loss, thermal stability, increased the char yield. The activation energy for the decomposition of EP is 205 kJ/mol while it becomes 162 kJ/mol for PUF containing MIFR, decreased by 42 kJ/mol, which shows that IFR can catalyze decomposition and carbonization of PUF.
Experimental Investigation of Fine Particles Classification Properties in Gas-Solid Multilevel Particular Fluidization Tower
Authors: Yang Hui , Wan Dong Yu , Cao Chang Qing
Published: September 2013

The fine particles classification properties in a gas-solid multilevel particular fluidization tower (MPFT) with the rectangular body of 2.4 m in height and 0.032 m2in cross sectional area, five tower plates of 0.39 m in length and 0.08 m in width and 0.005 m in thickness were investigated using two different properties particles, talc particle and quarts sand particle, as solid phase and air as gas phase. It was found from the experimental results that the pressure drop increases with increasing superficial gas velocity. And the spread of pressure drop was gradually decreased from top to bottom in the tower. The grade efficiency for talc powder particle (dp= 10 μm) attained 78.78% and d95 reached 12.84 μm atUg= 0.122 m/s. Meanwhile, for quartz sand particle (dp= 10 μm), the grade efficiency attained 92.80% and d95 reached 12.58 μm atUg= 0.139 m/s. The grade efficiency for the two different properties particles both increases with decreasing feed rate at these experimental conditions in this work. The particle size distribution range of overflow particle increases a little with increasing circulating gas velocity. The grade efficiency for quartz sand particle (dp= 10 μm) dropped from 92.56% to 82.70% with increasing different regurgitant rates from 0 to 12.5 kg/h.
Preparation of Nano-fcc Structure Co Powders by High Speed Ball Milling
Authors: Deng Ying , Xiong Xiang , Zhang Yan Hua , Peng Ling Ling
Published: September 2013

High-energy ball mill of a mixture of H2C2O4·2H2O, Co (NO3)2·6H2O(A.R) has been used to produce nanocrystalline cobalt oxalate powders of nearly spherical shape. After the CoH2C2O4·2H2O powders have been dispersed by spray-drying, it has been decomposed at 400~550°C to obtain cobalt powders. The microstructure of the powders produced using ball milling and thermodynamical analysis for reaction and decomposition temperature have been studied. The powders were characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy. It has been identified that a spherical, fcc structure, 100nm β-Co powders was synthesized.
Cyclic Injection Scheme Optimization Research in Gaotaizi Reservoirs of Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Ji Hong , Zhou Zi Jian , Chen Xi Ling , Liu Ming Jun
Published: September 2013

With the deepening of the oilfield development, oil field has entered the high water cut period. The rate of water cut increasing and production decline are accelerate. It is needed to adjust the way of exploitation in order to improve oilfield exploitation effect. Cyclic water flooding is one of effective means to improve oilfield development effect with the advantages of small investment, quick effect, reduce inefficient output and improve oilfield overall development benefit. In this paper, we use the means of numerical simulation to study the injection timing and reasonable working systems of different types of Wells. Technical basis is provided for further study and field test.
Shale Gas-in-Place Calculation from Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Xue Hua Qing , Liu Hong Ling , Yan Gang , Guo Wei
Published: September 2013

The methods of shale gas content measurement and shale Gas-in-place calculation are introduced in detail. The shale gas content is form 1.05 to 1.84 m3/t. From Gas-in-place calculation the adsorption gas content is a little more than free gas content. The advantage of shale gas accumulation areas are high formation pressure, low water saturation, high porosity and high total organic content. There are some discrepancy between shale gas content testing and gas in place calculation and three reasons may cause this phenomenon.
Research and Application of Rephosphoration Dynamics Model
Authors: Zhou Chao Gang , Li Jing , Wu He , Yang Ke Zhi , Hu Xiao Guang , Cai Ke Sen , Wu Guo Ping
Published: September 2013

According to the theoretical basis of the model, and under the conditions of the basic hypothesis, combined with ion theory, and double membrane theory, the LF refining process dynamic model of liquid steel to phosphorus has been established , and it is also been fitted and validated by using the field test data. Experimental results show that the apparent rate constant of the LF refining process molten steel back to phosphorus is between 13~19×10-3g/(cm2·s), the predicted result of the model is accordance with the test results .With the application of the model, we found that the error between predicted result and actual measured values of the model within the 1.51ppm, so the predicted result of the model can be used to predict the phosphorus content of steel at a certain moment. This provides a good theoretical guidance for the control of the LF refining rephosphorization.
The Fore-Warning System of Highway Electromechanical System
Authors: Cui Han Jing , Zhu Chuan Zheng , Wang Lei
Published: September 2013

Aimed to implement effective maintenance to ensure that the highway electromechanical system performs its intended functions, the output results of the fore-warning system are considered as the basis of maintenance policy. The fore-warning system is built based on the study of the fault features and causes of highway electromechanical system. As a failure warning information platform, the fore-warning system of highway electromechanical system analyzes fault factors and the relationship associated, in order to perform timely appropriate preventive maintenance measures at the right time. Taking advantage of Fault Tree Analysis, failure rates or failure probabilities of individual basic events existing in the complex system are estimated, which would be synthesized to determine whether the system failure rate reaches the threshold.
Research on Long-Span Suspension Clamp
Authors: Liu Zhen , Liu Sheng Chun , Sun Na
Published: September 2013

The long-span suspension clamp is used to suspend conductor or ground wire on the long-span tangent tower [. Long-span suspension has impact on the operation safety and investment of long-span projects. This paper makes analysis and comparison of different models of suspension clamps and studies the long-span suspension clamp for transmission line over Han River in terms of model and material selection, design & calculation, manufacturing process and test, etc., in combination with features for crossing over Han River.
Foam Stability of Mixed System of Fluorocarbon and Hydrocarbon Surfactants: Effect of Polymer and Oil
Authors: Chen Shu Yan , Hou Qing Feng , Zhu You Yi , Li Wen Jun , Chang Zhi Dong
Published: September 2013

The foaming property of the aqueous mixtures of a fluorocarbon surfactant (FC) and a hydrocarbon surfactant (AOS) had been investigated. And the influence of polymer and oil on foam stability was studied systematically. Experimental studies indicated that AOS and FC surfactants had good cooperative effect. The foam stability could be remarkably improved with polymer and oil would impact the foam stability greatly. Mechanism on interaction between foam and oil for experimental foam systems was also studied quantitatively based on spreading coefficient. The effect of oil on the stability of polymer enhanced foams could not be fully understood by spreading coefficient. The increasing in viscoelasticity of foam films would play a key role in the stability improvement for polymer enhanced foams.