bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analysis of predictors and wealth-based inequality in internet use among women in India: aiming for better digital health outcomes
Authors: Chandra Rakesh , Patel Jeetendra Kumar , Srivastava Sonal , Singh Aditya , Mukherjee Saradiya
Published: July 2024

Background

Digital health, aiming to boost healthcare accessibility, is an emerging concept in the domain of healthcare administration and delivery in developing countries. In India, according to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), more than half (55%) of the men have reported ever using the internet, while only one-third (33%) of the women have done so. This gendered digital divide is further complicated and worsened by the fact that individuals in the lowest wealth quintile exhibit significantly lower internet usage rates, with only 9% of women and 26% of men. Such intersectionality of the gendered digital divide might prove a barrier to realizing the full potential of digital health in India. Eliminating digital inequalities in all forms and ensuring universal digitalization is essential for desired digital health outcomes.

Methods

This study aims to explore India’s readiness for digital health in terms of access to basic digital infrastructure, i.e., the internet. We analyze access to the Internet among Indian women of reproductive age using pan-India survey data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (2019–21). We investigate predictors of Internet use in a regression model and apply the Erreygers Concentration Index (ECI) to examine inequalities in Internet access. Using decomposition analyses, we analyze factors contributing to digital inequality in terms of internet use.

Results

Our inequality analysis based on the ECI [ECI- 0.4444 (p < 0.001)] suggests that a significant inequality exists in internet access. Furthermore, the decomposition analyses in the study find women’s educational level to be the most prominent (28.19%) contributing factor to internet inequality, followed by wealth (25.67%), place of residence (23.16%), and caste (1.10%).

Recommendation

We suggest a comprehensive readiness and need assessment, revamping of digital infrastructure, and moving with caution in implementing digital health innovation in the country as it may further exacerbate the existing healthcare access inequities.
Steroid Profiling and Circadian Cortisol Secretion in Patients With Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saini Jasmine , Singh Sumitabh , Ebbehoj Andreas , Zhang Catherine D , Nathani Rohit , Fell Vanessa , Atkinson Elizabeth , Achenbach Sara , Rivard Ann , Singh Ravinder , Grebe Stefan , Bancos Irina
Published: July 2024

Context

Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) is diagnosed based on postdexamethasone cortisol >1.8 µg/dL. Scarce evidence exists on steroid circadian secretion and steroid metabolome in MACS.

Objective

To characterize 24-hour (h) urine steroid metabolome in patients with MACS and determine circadian differences in urine steroid profiling and cortisol concentrations in patients with MACS vs referent subjects.

Methods

Cross-sectional study, 2018-2023, at a referral center. Patients with MACS and age-, sex-, body mass index–, and menopausal status–matched referent subjects were included. Urine was collected over a 24 hour period as separate daytime and nighttime collections. High-resolution mass spectrometry assay was used to measure 25 steroids. A subgroup of patients and referent subjects was admitted for serum measurements of free and total cortisol every 2 hours. Outcomes were steroids, steroid sums, and ratios.

Results

Patients with MACS (n = 72) had lower µg/24 hour median androgens (2084 vs 3283, P < .001), higher glucocorticoids (15 754 vs 12936, P < .001), and higher glucocorticoid/androgen ratio (8.7 vs 3.9, P < .001) than referent subjects. Patients also had lower steroid day/night ratios than referent subjects, reflecting a higher relative nocturnal steroid production in MACS. In a subgroup of 12 patients with MACS and 10 referent subjects, the 24-hour areas under the curve for total and free serum cortisol were similar. However, evening mean total (5.3 vs 4.0 µg/dL, P = .056) and free (0.2 vs 0.1 µg/dL, P = .035) cortisol was higher in patients vs referent subjects.

Conclusion

Patients with MACS demonstrate an abnormal urine steroid metabolome, with a high glucocorticoid to androgen ratio, and a higher nocturnal steroid production.
Reconciliation on the banks of the Danube
Authors: Πούλιος Κωνσταντίνος
Published: July 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή διερευνά τις διαπολιτειακές ειρηνευτικές νόρμες και πρακτικές κατά τα τέλη του 17ου αιώνα μέσω της πρώτης σφαιρικής προσέγγισης του Συνεδρίου Ειρήνης του Κάρλοβιτς (1698-1699), το οποίο αποτελεί τον επίλογο του Δεκαεξαετούς Πολέμου μεταξύ της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας και ενός συνασπισμού χριστιανικών δυνάμεων, της λεγόμενης Ιεράς Συμμαχίας. Αντιλαμβάνεται την πορεία προς την ειρήνη ως μια διαδικασία που πρέπει να διέλθει από διάφορες καθορισμένες φάσεις για να ολοκληρωθεί και ως ένα θεατρικό έργο με συγκεκριμμένες και ειδικά χορογραφημένες πράξεις. Υποστηρίζει εξίσου ότι το συνέδριο του Κάρλοβιτς, η πρώτη πραγματικά πολυθρησκευτική διπλωματική διάσκεψη αυτού του είδους κατά την πρώιμη νεότερη περίοδο, αποκαλύπτει το βαθμό στον οποίο οι διαπολιτισμικές διπλωματικές συναντήσεις βασίζονταν κυρίως σε υπερπολιτισμικές και από καιρό καθιερωμένες διαδικασίες ειρήνευσης και πιστοποιεί ότι η διπλωματία των συνεδρίων, μακράν του να αποτελεί το πολιτισμικό μονοπώλιο μιας συγκεκριμένης γεωγραφικής περιοχής, οικειοποιήθηκε γρήγορα υπερπολιτισμικά και εξελίχθηκε ως διπλωματική πρακτική σε ολόκληρη την Ευρώπη κατά το δεύτερο μισό του 17ου αιώνα.
Study of two badnaviruses infecting grapevine in Greece
Authors: Σασσάλου Χρυσούλα-Λητώ
Published: July 2024

Η άμπελος είναι ένα ιδιαίτερο και μοναδικό φυτό το οποίο καλλιεργείται παγκοσμίως και στο οποίο έχουν ταυτοποιηθεί πάνω από 95 είδη ιών μέχρι στιγμής. Σε αυτή τη διατριβή, ερευνήθηκε η παρουσία και η συχνότητα δύο ιών του γένους Badnaviru [του ιού που σχετίζεται με τον μεταχρωματισμό των φύλλων της ποικιλίας Ροδίτη (GRLDaV) και του ιού 1 της αμπέλου του γένους Badnavirus (GBV-1)], καθώς και η γενετική τους παραλλακτικότητα και η κατανομή τους μέσα σε μολυσμένα φυτά αμπέλου καθ' όλη τη διάρκεια του έτους. Τέλος μελετήθηκε ο GRLDaV με την χρήση της ηλεκτρονικής μικροσκοπίας και διερευνήθηκε η μετάδοση του από ψευδόκοκκους. Συμπερασματικά ο GRLDaV ανιχνεύθηκε κυρίως σε αυτόχθονες ποικιλίες αμπέλου και εμφάνισε υψηλότερη συχνότητα στις αυτόριζες ποικιλίες, ειδικά στη γεωγραφική περιοχή των Κυκλάδων. Ο GBV-1 ανιχνεύθηκε κυρίως σε εμβολιασμένες γηγενείς ποικιλίες σε αμπελώνες από 4 γεωγραφικές περιοχές. Δέκα αλληλουχίες πλήρους γονιδιώματος απομονώσεων του GRLDaV ανακτήθηκαν μέσω HTS. Παρατηρήθηκαν υψηλά επίπεδα διαφοροποίησης ιδιαίτερα μεταξύ των απομονώσεων του GRLDaV από την Ελλάδα. Στη περίπτωση του GBV-1 τέσσερις αλληλουχίες πλήρους γονιδιώματος που αποκτήθηκαν από ελληνικές ποικιλίες αμπέλου έδειξαν υψηλό επίπεδο ταυτότητας των αλληλουχιών μεταξύ τους και ήταν διαφοροποιημένες από την απομόνωση της Κροατίας, την μόνη διαθέσιμη διεθνώς πλήρη αλληλουχία γονιδιώματος του GBV-1, μέχρι πρόσφατα. Επιπλέον η περαιτέρω φυλογενετική ανάλυση κατέδειξε τη διαφοροποίηση των απομονώσεων του GRLDaV σε τρεις ξεχωριστούς κλάδους, ενώ οι απομονώσεις του GBV-1 ομαδοποιήθηκαν σε δύο ομάδες με βάση τη γεωγραφική τους προέλευση. Μελετήθηκε επίσης η κατανομή των δύο ιών σε διαφορετικούς φυτικούς ιστούς κατά τη διάρκεια της χειμερινής και της βλαστικής περιόδου, τρία πρέμνα μολυσμένα και με τους δύο ιούς ελέγχθηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια των ετών 2020-2021. Οι δύο ιοί ανιχνεύθηκαν με PCR από τον Σεπτέμβριο του 2020 έως τον Δεκέμβριο του 2021. Οι ιοί ανιχνεύθηκαν σε φύλλα με μίσχους, κληματίδες και ράγες σταφυλιών. Τέλος, σε αυτή τη μελέτη, εξετάστηκε η ικανότητα του ψευδόκοκκου Planococcus ficus (Signoret), γνωστού φορέα πολλών ιών συμπεριλαμβανομένου του GBV-1, να μεταδίδει τον GRLDaV. Ο ιός μεταδόθηκε σε υγιή πρέμνα της ποικιλίας Vidiano με αποτελεσματικότητα 14,3% (3/21 φυτά αμπέλου) υποδεικνύοντας ότι αυτός ο τρόπος μετάδοσης θα μπορούσε επίσης να διαδραματίσει ρόλο στη διάδοσή του στους αμπελώνες. Η ηλεκτρονική μικροσκοπία που διεξήχθη σε πρέμνο μολυσμένο με τον GRLDaV, αποκάλυψε την παρουσία βακιλλόμορφων ιοσωματίων, παρέχοντας έτσι περαιτέρω επιβεβαίωση της ενεργού του μόλυνσης.
Picture books of the second half of the twentieth century
Authors: Σελίμη Γλυκερία
Published: July 2024

Η διατριβή διερευνά τις σχέσεις εξουσίας/δύναμης σε εικονογραφημένα βιβλία του δεύτερου μισού του εικοστού αιώνα. Εξετάζονται τα έργα πέντε σημαντικών Αμερικανών και Βρετανών δημιουργών της περιόδου: The Cat in the Hat του Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss), The Giving Tree του Shel Silverstein, Where the Wild Things Are του Maurice Sendak, Black and White του David Macaulay και Voices in the Park του Anthony Browne. Το αντικείμενο της έρευνάς μου είναι η συνέργεια της λέξης και της εικόνας ως πυρήνας όλων των σχέσεων εξουσίας/δύναμης που εξετάζονται σε αυτά τα βιβλία. Η εξερεύνηση της σχέσης εικόνας και κειμένου βασίζεται στη θεωρία της διαμεσολάβησης του Lawrence Sipe, με κεντρική έννοια τη συνέργεια, και την ερμηνεία του W. J. T. Mitchell για τη σχέση λεκτικής και οπτικής αναπαράστασης μέσω της έννοιας του εικονοκειμένου. Το βασικό επιχείρημα είναι ότι η συνέργεια λέξης και εικόνας λειτουργεί ως έκφραση των σχέσεων εξουσίας/δύναμης στο εικονογραφημένο βιβλίο ενώ αποτελεί ταυτόχρονα μια μορφή παιχνιδιού εξουσίας που αντικατοπτρίζει αλλά και αμφισβητεί τις κοινωνικές και πολιτισμικές πρακτικές που διαπνέουν το λεκτικό και οπτικό κείμενο. Η ανάλυση των πέντε βιβλίων βασίζεται στην εφαρμογή μιας σειράς κριτικών θεωριών λόγω της πολυπλοκότητας των κοινωνικών, πολιτιστικών και αισθητικών διαστάσεων του εικονογραφημένου βιβλίου. Ζητήματα σχέσεων εξουσίας/δύναμης εξετάζονται στο λεκτικό κείμενο έναντι των ακόλουθων συμβάσεων της παιδικής λογοτεχνίας: σταθερή εστίαση, γραμμικότητα πλοκής, το παιδί ως βασικός χαρακτήρας της ιστορίας, φανταστικοί και ανθρωπόμορφοι χαρακτήρες, οριστικό και ευτυχές τέλος. Η διαδικασία αναζήτησης νοήματος στην εικόνα στηρίζεται στη μελέτη του σχεδίου, του ύφους και της οπτικής γωνίας με βάση τις θεωρίες Visual Art και Visual Social Semiotics (σημειωτική θεωρία). Οι θεματικές που μελετά η διατριβή αφορούν το παιχνίδι εξουσίας/δύναμης μεταξύ φαντασίας και πραγματικότητας, την έννοια της παιδικής ηλικίας και της υπόστασης του παιδιού, την αμφισβήτηση της εξουσίας των ενηλίκων, και, τέλος, την κοινωνική ταυτότητα του ατόμου μέσα από δομικά στοιχεία όπως η φυλή, το φύλο και η κοινωνική τάξη.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LINGUISTIC AND STYLISTIC PECUARITIES OF THE EPITHET IN THE ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN FAIRY TALES (BASED ON THE TALES OF O. WILDE AND M.E. SALTYKOV-SHCHEDRIN)
Authors: Borovkova Elena R. , Zyryanova Irina P.
Published: July 2024

Background. Studying and understanding stylistic devices, and, in particular, the epithet, is an integral part of the world linguistic picture. The epithet is inextricably linked with all literary works and is therefore a key part of any language. It reveals the attitude of native speakers to certain phenomena, which is manifested in the use of words stable for epithets. However, the lack of certainty in various aspects of the study of the epithet determines the need for its further study.
The subject of the study is the linguistic and stylistic features of the epithet in English and Russian fairy tales.
Purpose. The article identifies and compares the linguistic and stylistic features of epithets in the English and Russian fairy tales.
Materials and methods: The material for the study comprises 150 epithets from the fairy tales of O. Wilde the fairy tales of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. When analyzing the material, the following methods of linguistic analysis were used: semantic, stylistic, cultural, comparative and quantitative analysis, as well as the continuous sampling method.
Results. As a result of a comparative study, identical and distinctive pecularities of epithets in two languages were identified. It was determined that the stylistic characteristics of epithets are largely similar, but it is emphasized that the English-language epithets are more unique and concise than Russian-language ones, which, in turn, are characterized by repetition and figurative meaning. In the English-language examples, there was greater neutrality and an emphasis on the positive and neutral qualities of the characters. Negative connotations were noted in the Russian-language epithets.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in the study of the courses in stylistics, foreign literature, as well as in foreign language classes.
PECULIARITIES OF SUBTITLED TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENTARY FILMS BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF ANCIENT EGYPT EXPLAINED IN 12 MINUTES
Authors: Sapukh Tatiana V. , Kadermaeva Alina R.
Published: July 2024

High-quality translation from a foreign language plays a key role in the commercial and creative success of any film. Due to the growing need for this type of translation, highlighting the specifics of documentary film translation will be useful for novice documentary translators and professionals interested in various types of translation.
Background. Documentary is a widespread and one of the most interesting genres of cinema for people of all ages. Subtitling as a type of audiovisual translation allows viewers not only to get closer to the original story of the event broadcast in another language, but also to hear authentic speech and other elements of the video.
Purpose. The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of the subtitled translation of documentaries and to identify the translation transformations used in the translation of such a film genre. To do this, it is necessary to identify the essence of subtitling; consider the requirements for the compiling subtitling, identify the difficulties that translators may face in the process of subtitled translation; analyze translation transformations in the subtitled translation of documentaries.
Materials and methods. The practical material for the study was the short documentary film Ancient Egypt explained in 12 minutes, published on the YouTube video hosting channel Captivating History. To solve the tasks set, both theoretical and practical research methods were used: analysis of literature on translation theory and subtitled translation as a special aspect of audiovisual translation; analysis of translation transformations during subtitled translation of the documentary film Ancient Egypt explained in 12 minutes.
Results. The results of the study showed that subtitling is a complex and creative task for a translator. Subtitles for films allow you to create an emotional contact between the reader and the author of the film, to focus his attention on important information and, most importantly, to preserve the authenticity of the documentary material. In the subtitled translation of documentary films, it was revealed that the most common transformations are transliteration, omission, generalization and functional substitution.
Practical implications. The results of the research can be used by novice translators and professional translators when translating documentaries.
AESTHETIC ASPECTS OF IDEAL IMAGE IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS OF RENAISSANCE
Authors: Yovanovich Tamara G.
Published: July 2024

The article analyzes the aesthetic aspects of the ideal as a reflection of the subjective concept within the philosophical concepts of Renaissance thinkers N. Kuzansky, M. Ficino, L. Alberti, L. da Vinci. The author considered certain aesthetic aspects in the context of the categorical trinity "ideal-beautiful-beautiful". This study can become the basis for the study of the Renaissance individual in terms of his active worldview of the essential and pragmatic basis of existence, having absolute vision, capable of creating ideal images.
The relevance of the work is due to the interest in the study of this aspect of applied aesthetics both in our country and abroad in connection with the scientific development of the study of human capabilities.
The purpose is to analyze and study the concepts of Renaissance philosophers to reveal the meaning of the trinity "ideal-beautiful-beautiful" in the context of actualization of the study of the ideal image at subjective-individual visual perception.
Materials and methods. The method of research is comparative analysis; method of interpretation of scientific philosophical works; method of synthesis and analogy.
Results. The works of Renaissance thinkers were studied in order to clarify the concept of ideal image. It is shown that ideal images materialize in the subjective space of an individual in objects, as their pragmatic value-oriented component is highlighted in a number of objects similar to it. The signs of the ideal or absolute in the object, which became part of the essential basis of objective reality in the Renaissance, are analyzed, the qualities of the person of this era are highlighted, and his ideality in the subjective space is defined.
Contribution to the knowledge on the diet of the collared peccary (Dicotyles tajacu) at the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica
Authors: Osorto-Nuñez Marco Herminio , Alfaro Alvarado Luis Diego , Chinchilla Romero Federico A. , Guimarães Rodrigues Flávio H.
Published: July 2024

La información disponible sobre la dieta del pecarí de collar (Dicotyles tajacu) en el neotrópico es escasa, aunque se sabe que los frutos de palma son reportados con frecuencia.  El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la dieta de los grupos de pecaríes de collar en la Estación Biológica La Selva (EBLS), Costa Rica.  Entre julio y diciembre de 2021 se recorrieron 30 km por mes en los senderos de la EBLS.  Mediante el método de observación directa se realizó un listado de especies de plantas consumidas por los pecaríes.  Las muestras de las especies de plantas o frutos colectadas en campo se identificaron a nivel de familia, género y/o especie.  La dieta del pecarí de collar en la EBLS estuvo conformada por 38 especies, pertenecientes a 18 familias.  Las especies de la familia Arecaceae fueron las de mayor consumo.  Socratea exorrhiza, Ficus colubrinae, Dussia macroprophyllata, Sacoglottis trichogyna, Iriartea deltoidea y Dipteryx panamensis fueron las especies más consumidas.  El componente de mayor importancia fueron los frutos.  El modo de dispersión de la mayoría de las especies consumidas fue Endo-stricto.  El 53 % de las especies de las plantas consumidas no presenta información sobre su categoría de conservación según la UICN.  Dada la diversidad en la dieta del pecarí de collar, las acciones de conservación deben considerar la protección de bosques primarios como fuentes de alimento, así como proyectos de restauración de ecosistemas tropicales en función de promover especies de árboles que brindan frutos atractivos para los pecaríes.
Mastofauna associated with culverts along a road within the Yasuní National Park, Ecuador
Authors: Auz-Cerón David Alejandro , Mejía-Valenzuela Edison Gabriel , Macas-Pogo Patricio , Tonato Luis
Published: July 2024

La construcción de carreteras es una de las principales razones que acelera la pérdida de biodiversidad.  Afortunadamente, las estructuras de drenaje pueden actuar como pasos para ciertas especies de fauna silvestre.  Nos propusimos registrar las especies de mamíferos que podrían utilizar estas estructuras para movilizarse de un lado al otro de una carretera.  En una carretera dentro del Parque Nacional Yasuní, mediante trampas fotográficas, se registró durante un mes los mamíferos que frecuentaron 11 estructuras de drenaje.  Se calculó la tasa de captura (TC) y la tasa de visita (TV), permitiéndonos cuantificar que sitio fue más visitado y que especies realizaron más visitas.  Con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 365 trampas-día, se obtuvieron 7,110 registros con 264 eventos independientes que corresponden a 10 especies de mamíferos.  Las mayores tasas de visita fueron de Cuniculus paca (52.05) y Mazama americana (9.86), el resto de las especies presentaron una tasa de visita menor a 3.  Cuniculus paca fue registrada en 10 estructuras de drenaje.  Cuniculus paca fue la única especie registrada dentro de un drenaje; sin embargo, no podemos concluir que cruzó de un lado al otro.  El resto de las especies se acercaron a los drenajes, pero no se evidencia su ingreso.  Consideramos que el uso de los drenajes depende de las características constructivas y una serie de condiciones requeridas; sin embargo, su implementación puede mitigar impactos negativos a la fauna, por lo que futuras investigaciones son necesarias.
Consumption of Eryngium proteiflorum by the Mexican cottontail (Sylvilagus cunicularius)
Authors: Glebskiy Yury , Parra-Campos Daniela Aimee , Cano-Santana Zenón
Published: July 2024

A pesar de su abundancia y el importante papel que juegan en los ecosistemas, la dieta del conejo serrano, Sylvilagus cunicularius, no se ha estudiado lo suficiente.  Los estudios previos solamente reportan el consumo de especies de la familia Poaceae por parte de este conejo.  En esta nota reportamos el consumo de Eryngium proteiflorum por el conejo serrano en el Pico del Águila, localizado en la cima del volcán Ajusco, Ciudad de México, México.  Los conejos comen las hojas de E. proteiflorum empezando por la base para evitar sus espinas y usan este recurso durante todo el año.  Por lo tanto, E. proteiflorum podría ser una importante fuente de nutrientes para los conejos y éstos parecen ser importantes consumidores de la planta.
Urocyon cinereoargenteus predating to Canis lupus familiaris in an anthropized tropical environment
Authors: Méndez-Ramírez Viridiana , Serna-Lagunes Ricardo
Published: July 2024

Aunque la zorra gris, Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Carnívora: Canidae), es un carnívoro omnívoro, oportunista y generalista, no se había reportado la depredación o el carroñeo de cánidos domésticos. El objetivo de este reporte es documentar el registro de depredación de un perro doméstico (Canis lupus familiaris) por una zorra gris en un ambiente tropical antropizado. Durante un proyecto que pretende evaluar el impacto del uso de dinamita para extraer piedra y roca caliza sobre el hábitat y las poblaciones de fauna silvestre en áreas boscosas en Cuauhtémoc, Córdoba, Veracruz, se instalaron 2 cámaras trampa, de agosto de 2021 a mayo de 2022 en zonas con cultivos de café, caña, cítricos, plátanos, palma camedor, vegetación secundaria y bosque tropical. Durante la revisión de los videos, se observó a una hembra adulta de zorra gris que lleva en su hocico a un cachorro de un perro doméstico. Con este reporte, son 14 especies de carnívoros silvestres que depredan perros domésticos. Este es el segundo reporte para México. Este evento inusual pudo ser resultado de diversos factores, entre ellos, la competencia intraespecífica con los cánidos domésticos, con otros mesodepredadores, la escasez de alimento y la antropización del hábitat.
ESPAÇO, CLASSE SOCIAL E CIDADANIA
Authors: Ortiz Coelho Isadora
Published: July 2024

Esta resenha analisa o texto “O espaço do cidadão” de Milton Santos (1987), que explora a interseção entre espaço geográfico, classes sociais e cidadania. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que destaca como a localização espacial influencia as oportunidades e o valor atribuído aos indivíduos. Santos utiliza uma abordagem multidimensional para discutir questões como mobilidade social, distribuição desigual de recursos e acesso à informação e poder. O autor exemplifica a influência do espaço na vida e no valor do indivíduo, discutindo a correlação entre localização, classe social e acesso a recursos por meio de estudos de caso na região andina da Venezuela e na cidade de São Paulo. Suas análises ressaltam a necessidade de políticas públicas mais inclusivas e equitativas para promover justiça social diante das disparidades socioespaciais. As ideias de Santos inspiram a continuidade das pesquisas sobre interações entre comunicação, cultura e espaço urbano, visando construir um mundo mais justo e igualitário.
The value of patient-initiated follow up: insights from a highly specialised service
Authors: Hardy Sarah
Published: July 2024

Coping with increasing demand with limited capacity in a highly specialised service requires innovation. This review explores the impact of patient-initiated follow up, arguing that the introduction of this model has been highly effective in the management of patients with Behҫet's syndrome, a lifelong relapsing and remitting auto-inflammatory disease, at one national centre in the UK. Allowing patients to self-direct their care through patient-initiated follow up has resulted in an engaged and empowered cohort that values clinical review when required. Access to rapid in-person assessment when needed was found to be highly appreciated by patients at the centre, while also facilitating prompt recognition and management of flare ups, which reduced the incidence of life-changing or life-threatening events. The author believes that patient-initiated follow up could be embedded into any specialised service, releasing appointment slots so that new patient referrals or safety reviews can be expedited.
Young people help to improve the language of care
Authors: Goddard Charlotte
Published: July 2024

Glossary aims to change the language of the care system, urging professionals to swap jargon for words that make young people feel listened to and valued
‘Without more help, childcare's infrastructure may be destroyed’
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: July 2024

In the first of a series on the impact of the cost-of-living crisis on services for children and families, childcare leaders and practitioners warn of an ‘existential threat’ to early education for disadvantaged communities
Maize Downy Mildew (Peronosclerospora neglecta) in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand
Authors: Sudsanguan Manorat ,   Division of Plant Pathology, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Shivas Roger G. , Tan Yu Pei , Doungsa-ard Chanintorn , Chittarath Khonesavane , Heng Chhun Hy , Nalumpang Sarunya ,   Plant Protection Research and Development office, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok 10900, Thailand,   Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia,   Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia,   Plant Protection Research and Development office, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok 10900, Thailand,   Plant Protection Center, Department of Agriculture, Vientiane 01000, Lao PDR,   General Directorate of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Phnom Penh 120406, Cambodia,   Division of Plant Pathology, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: July 2024

Peronosclerospora species cause downy mildew diseases on maize (Zea mays) worldwide. Maize leaves with symptoms of downy mildew were collected from field crops in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand, during surveys between 2018 and 2022. Initial determination of the presence of downy mildew on specimens was determined microscopically by the presence of conidiophores and/or oospores in leaf tissue. Phylogenetic analyses of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (cox2) gene sequences showed that all specimens were Peronosclerospora neglecta. Reference specimens from Thailand were deposited at the Thai Plant Pathology Herbarium, Bangkok, Thailand, while those from Cambodia and Lao PDR were deposited at the Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Australia. Peronosclerospora neglecta was widespread in field crops of maize in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand during the survey period. This is the first time that P. neglecta has been reported in Cambodia and Lao PDR.
Treating the injured: a privilege conferred by both patient and wider society
Authors: Britten Simon
Published: July 2024

Two discrete legal factors enable the surgeon to treat an injured patient the fully informed, autonomous consent of the adult patient with capacity via civil law; and the medical exception to the criminal law. This article discusses current concepts in consent in trauma; and also considers the perhaps less well known medical exception to the Offences against the Person Act 1861, which exempts surgeons from criminal liability as long as they provide ‘proper medical treatment’.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(7):565–569.
Returning to Makekur: Re-evaluating the Occupational Sequence of the Early-Middle Lapita Site of Makekur (FOH), Arawe Islands, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Hogg Nicholas
Published: July 2024

The site of Makekur, located in the Arawe Islands of Papua New Guinea, has for some years been considered unique amongst the sites of the Lapita distribution. Representing one of the earliest Lapita sites in the region to have evidence of long-term continuing occupation from the Early through to at least the Middle Periods, the radiocarbon and pottery records of Makekur form a key foundation for understanding not just the lives of the Lapita people that called it home, but also the emergence of the Lapita Cultural Complex and the changes it underwent over time and space. However, a new chronology proposed by Specht and Gosden (2019) has raised doubts as to the validity of these original interpretations. This study uses Bayesian statistical analysis and stylistic analysis to re-assess the radiocarbon chronology, form, and decoration of pottery assemblages from Makekur. It looks to understand whether a multi-phase occupation spanning the Early to Middle Periods can be identified within both the radiocarbon and ceramic records, and in so doing evaluates the reliability of the stylistic attributes used to differentiate deposits of differing ages. The study concludes that Makekur was occupied during the Early Period between 3274 – 2803 cal. B.P. and continued into the Middle Period starting between 3059 – 2889 cal. B.P., followed by slightly later occupational events in the same period between 2998 – 2855 cal. B.P. and approximately 2709 – 1402 cal. B.P. Finally, it further concludes that pottery of the Early and Middle Periods was stylistically unique, and clearly delineated between deposits of differing ages.
The Church in the Pluriverse: Open Orthodoxy for Worldwide Communion
Authors: Smith Michael T.
Published: July 2024

precis: This essay explores the post- and decolonial concept of the pluriverse as it relates to the perennial tension between unity and diversity in the Christian faith. At root, the pluriverse is a vision of "a world in which many worlds fit" that entails respect and dignity across radical and incommensurable difference. Yet, the pluriverse also has space for common commitments and projects shared between radically different worlds. When applied to the Christian faith, the church itself can be understood as a pluriverse, and orthodoxy is reconfigured as a plural enterprise that takes shape differently in different settings, thereby assuming and celebrating particularity and difference even as a commitment to right belief is maintained across Christian contexts. Moreover, common ground in Christ and a common commitment to faithfulness opens space for interaction and mutual edification across difference. I deem this situated and connected practice "open orthodoxy." The structure of this proposal will unfold in two movements. First, I will present insights from the pluriversal discussion, which includes voices from postcolonial and decolonial thought, anthropology, sociology, ethics, and political theory. This section will be ordered around four aspects of pluriversal difference: radical difference, related difference, dignified difference, and aligned difference. Second, I will situate the church in a pluriversal setting to glean lessons from what has come before, beginning with a biblical argument for the church as a pluriverse and exploring the theological themes of confession, commonality, and orthodoxy as they relate to the pluriversal aspects of difference listed above. Ultimately, open orthodoxy will be presented as a viable practice for the church in a world that continues to recognize and reckon with its plurality.
Rethinking Intellectual Ecumenism in Interfaith Debates on God's Existence: From Avicenna's Salvation and Maimonides's Guide to Aquinas's De Ente
Authors: Reising Matthew K.
Published: July 2024

precis: Scholars have long contended that Aquinas managed to escape the devastating critique launched by Averroes against the being/essence distinction by reimagining being/essence according to an analogy of act/potency rather than Avicenna's model of accident/substance. This essay complicates the scholarly consensus that Aquinas defined his metaphysical thought on being and essence against the philosophy of Averroes and instead argues that Aquinas's De Ente et Essentia can be seen as modeling interfaith dialogue, intellectual ecumenicism, and hybridity. Aquinas developed his thought through interlocution and philosophical interchange rather than opposition, a process that emphasized openness rather than alterity. After showing through the source material that Aquinas would not even have had access to Averroes's critique, I offer a reexamination of the historical development of Aquinas's reimagining of being/essence as act/potency and argue that Aquinas developed his thought not in opposition to Averroes's Long Commentary of the Metaphysics but, rather, in dialogue with Maimonides.
An Interview with Lee Edelman
Authors: Bagherli Omid
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Lee Edelman is the Fletcher Professor of English Literature at Tufts University and a key figure in queer theory. This interview was conducted in December 2022, a month before Edelman's fourth book, Bad Education , was published by Duke University Press. In this discussion, Edelman revisits the "antisocial" debate in queer theory and assesses his understanding of negativity and antisociality in relation to the positions of Leo Bersani and José Esteban Muñoz, among others. Edelman also outlines how his thought in No Future and Bad Education interacts with contemporary politics and strands of Afropessimism, feminism, and family abolition.
Widely tunable and narrow-linewidth hybrid-integrated diode laser at 637 nm
Authors: Winkler Lisa V. , Gerritsma Kirsten , van Rees Albert , Schrinner Philip P. J. , Hoekman Marcel , Dekker Ronald , do Nascimento Jr. Adriano R. , van der Slot Peter J. M. , Nölleke Christian , Boller Klaus-J.
Published: July 2024

We present hybrid-integrated extended cavity diode lasers tunable around 637 nm, with a gain-wide spectral coverage of 8 nm. This tuning range addresses the zero-phonon line of nitrogen-vacancy centers and includes the wavelength of HeNe lasers (633 nm). Best performance shows wide mode-hop free tuning up to 97 GHz and a narrow intrinsic linewidth down to 10 kHz. Also, the maximum output power is 2.5 mW in a single-mode fiber, corresponding to an on-chip power of 4.0 mW. Full integration and packaging in standard housing with fiber pigtails provide high intrinsic stability and enable integration into complex optical systems.
Nested hollow-core anti-resonant fiber with elliptical cladding for 2 µm laser transmission
Authors: Chen Junle , Peng Luoyan , Shi Yongwei , Wu Yuhong , Zhao Nan , Li Jiaming , Zhou Guiyao , Zhang Qingmao
Published: July 2024

In this work, a nested hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF) with an elliptical cladding for high-power lasers for 2 µm laser transmission was proposed and theoretically investigated. The dual-layer elliptical tubes nested within the fiber enable the low-loss single-mode transmission. The finite element method (FEM) was employed to analyze and optimize the structure of fiber, with a total loss of less than 5 × 10−4 dB/m across the wavelength range of 1920nm to 2040nm. An extremely low loss of 1.22 × 10−5 dB/m at 1948nm was realized. A high-order mode extinction ratio (HOMER) exceeding 3 × 104 was maintained across a significant bandwidth and a size tolerance ratio under 15%. Furthermore, a low loss of 5 × 10−5 dB/m at 1948nm with a bending radius over 15 cm was obtained, indicating high bending resistance. It was demonstrated that the proposed fiber has exceptional transmission performance for 2 µm laser transmission.
Coherence evolution of multi-pulse pumped supercontinuum generation in all-normal dispersion fibers
Authors: Sun Jian , Zhu Kejia , Qin Jun , Li Yueqin , Tan Junxiong , Peng Chenyu , Miao Min , Wang Muguang
Published: July 2024

We numerically calculate the coherence of supercontinuum (SC) spectrum generated in all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fibers by multiple picosecond pulses. We show that multi-pulse pumping significantly mitigates the phenomenon of coherence degradation and maintains high spectral coherence over a broader wavelength range compared to the single pumping. It is found that inter-pulse four-wave-mixing (FWM) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) significantly contribute to the superior coherence characteristics of the SC. We further discuss the impact of key parameters on the multi-pulse pumped SC. Results indicate that a large temporal interval between pulses reduces spectral broadening efficiency, while closely spaced pulses generate a significant number of incoherent photons, severely degrading spectral coherence. Introducing initial chirp effectively mitigates this coherence degradation. A slight increase in the dispersion parameter notably suppresses the spectral broadening efficiency of the multi-pulse generation. Pulse shape primarily affects the SC shape without significantly impacting the spectral broadening efficiency.
Femtosecond laser direct writing annular small-period long-period fiber gratings for simultaneous refractive index and temperature sensing
Authors: Liu Yulei , Cai Jintao , Liu Hanyuan , Shu Xuewen
Published: July 2024

A new type of small-period long-period fiber grating (SP-LPFG) consisting of a series of annuli inscribed by a femtosecond laser in a single-mode fiber is proposed and demonstrated. The effects of the annuli radii and the number of annuli in each period on the transmission spectrum are studied. The transmission spectrum of the annular SP-LPFG exhibits both strong Bragg resonances and cladding mode resonances, which have similar temperature sensitivities of 9.26 and 9.75 pm/°C, respectively. The Bragg resonances are insensitive to the change of environment refractive index (RI), while the cladding mode resonances show a RI sensitivity of 141.89 nm/RIU. The proposed sensor offers a potential solution for biomolecular sensing applications by effectively eliminating the issue of temperature cross-sensitivity. Its compact design and ease of spectral acquisition enhance its practicality and convenience.
Non-diabetes status after diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance and risk of long-term death and vascular complications: A post hoc analysis of the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study
Authors: Qian Xin , Wang Jinping , Gong Qiuhong , An Yali , Feng Xinxing , He Siyao , Chen Xiaoping , Wang Wenjuan , Zhang Lihong , Hui Yuanchi , Zhai Xiuwei , Zhang Bo , Chen Yanyan , Li Guangwei
Published: July 2024

Background

The association between years of non-diabetes status after diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and the risk of long-term death and cardiovascular outcomes needed to be clarified.

Methods and findings

In this post hoc analysis, we included 540 individuals with IGT who participated in the original Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study (DQDPS). In the DQDPS, all participants were diagnosed with IGT by a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and randomized to intervention or control groups with a 6-year lifestyle intervention trial. After the completion of the trial, death, cardiovascular events, and microvascular complications were monitored over a 30-year follow-up. In this post hoc analysis, the Cox analysis assessed the extended risk of these outcomes in individuals who either remained non-diabetes status or progressed to diabetes at the end of 2, 4, and 6 years after diagnosis of IGT. In all participants, the difference in the cumulative incidence rate of the outcomes between the diabetes and non-diabetes group gradually increased over 30 years. Compared with the diabetes group, a significantly lower risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57 to 0.97, p = 0.026), cardiovascular events (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.82, p < 0.001), and microvascular complications (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.86, p = 0.004) first emerged in individuals who remained non-diabetes at the 4 years visit, whereas the significant risk reduction in cardiovascular death was first observed at the end of 6 years (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.81, p = 0.002) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, BMI, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, intervention, and medications (including insulin plus oral hypoglycaemics, antihypertensives, and lipid-lowering agents). The results in the original intervention group alone were similar to the whole group. The main limitations of our study are the limited number of participants and the sole ethnicity of the Chinese population.

Conclusions

In this study, we observed that maintaining several years of non-diabetes status after IGT diagnosis was associated with a significant reduction in long-term risk of death and vascular complications, and for most of these outcomes, maintaining at least 4 years of non-diabetes status may be needed to achieve a significant risk reduction.
“Just a knife wound this week, nothing too painful”: An ethnographic exploration of how primary care patients experiencing homelessness view their own health and healthcare
Authors: Ingram Carolyn , Buggy Conor , MacNamara Isobel , Perrotta Carla
Published: July 2024

Community health needs assessments (CHNA) involving qualitative techniques help tailor health services to the specific needs of the population groups for whom they are designed. In light of increasing health disparities amongst people experiencing homelessness (PEH)—and to ensure the integration of their voices into a larger CHNA—this study used an ethnographic approach grounded in a social constructivist research paradigm to explore the perspectives of PEH attending a primary care and addiction service in Ireland on their priority health and healthcare needs. Participant observations and informal interviews were conducted with clients experiencing homelessness attending the service for three hours every Monday morning between October 2022 and April 2023. Field note data from active participant observation and informal conversations were collected, anonymised, and analysed using inductive thematic analysis in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the researchers’ institutional Research Ethics Committee. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: self-identified priorities, satisfaction with health services, and migrant health. Clients’ priority concerns relate to their mental health and personal safety, strengthening ties with children and families, finding a sense of purpose, and feeling better physically. These challenges differ from those of the general population in terms of their severity observed both prior to and during experiences of homelessness, coupled with disproportionately high levels of loss, fear, pain, fatigue, social stigma and other barriers to accessing satisfactory housing. In terms of services, clients are satisfied with their ability to access primary care and harm reduction in a social environment where positive exchanges with friends and providers take place. Conversely, barriers to accessing mental health and addiction services persist including the internalised belief that one is beyond help, lack of access to information on available services and their entry requirements, and lingering stigma within a health system that treats addiction as separate to health. Moving forward, health practitioners may consider holding more regular and open conversations with clients experiencing homelessness about the care they are receiving, its rationale, and whether or not changes are desired that can be safely made. The health needs of migrants and asylum seekers entering homelessness in Ireland are urgent and should be prioritised in future research.
Trends in using intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring during parathyroidectomy: Protocol and rationale for a cross-sectional survey study of North American surgeons
Authors: Staibano Phillip , McKechnie Tyler , Thabane Alex , Xie Michael , Zhang Han , Gupta Michael K. , Au Michael , Pasternak Jesse D. , Parpia Sameer , Young James Edward Massey , Bhandari Mohit
Published: July 2024

Hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder that occurs secondary to abnormal parathyroid gland functioning. Depending on the type of hyperparathyroidism, surgical extirpation of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands can be considered for disease cure. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) monitoring improves outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism, but studies are needed to characterize its institutional adoption and its role in surgery for secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, as these entities can be difficult to cure. Hence, we will perform a cross-sectional survey study of surgeon rationale, operational details, and barriers associated with IOPTH monitoring adoption across North America. We will utilize a convenience sampling technique to distribute an online survey to head and neck surgeons and endocrine surgeons across North America. This survey will be distributed via email to three North American professional societies (i.e., Canadian Society for Otolaryngologists–Head and Neck Surgeons, American Head and Neck Society, and American Association of Endocrine Surgeons). The survey will consist of 30 multiple choice questions that are divided into three concepts: (1) participant demographics and training details, (2) details of surgical adjuncts during parathyroidectomy, and (3) barriers to adoption of IOPTH. Descriptive analyses and multiple logistic regression will be used to evaluate the impact of demographic, institutional, and training variables on the use of IOPTH monitoring in surgery for all types of hyperparathyroidism and barriers to IOPTH monitoring adoption. Ethics approval was obtained by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (2024-17173-GRA). These findings will characterize surgeon and institutional practices with regards to IOPTH monitoring during parathyroid surgery and will inform future trials aimed to optimize the use of IOPTH monitoring in secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
Design and evaluation of antisense sequence length for modified mouse U7 small nuclear RNA to induce efficient pre-messenger RNA splicing modulation in vitro
Authors: Shimo Takenori , Ueda Otoya , Yamamoto Satoshi
Published: July 2024

Pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing modulation is an attractive approach for investigating the mechanisms of genetic disorders caused by mis-splicing. Previous reports have indicated that a modified U7 small nuclear RNA (U7 snRNA) is a prospective tool for modulating splicing both in vitro and in vivo. To date, very few studies have investigated the role of antisense sequence length in modified U7 snRNA. In this study, we designed a series of antisense sequences with various lengths and evaluated their efficiency in inducing splicing modulation. To express modified U7 snRNAs, we constructed a series of plasmid DNA sequences which codes cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer, human U1 promoter, and modified mouse U7 snRNAs with antisense sequences of different lengths. We evaluated in vitro splicing modulation efficiency using a luciferase reporter system for simple and precise evaluation as well as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to monitor splicing patterns. Our in vitro assay findings suggest that antisense sequences of modified mouse U7 snRNAs have an optimal length for efficient splicing modulation, which depends on the target exon. In addition, antisense sequences that were either too long or too short decreased splicing modulation efficiency. To confirm reproducibility, we performed an in vitro assay using two target genes, mouse Fas and mouse Dmd. Together, our data suggests that the antisense sequence length should be optimized for modified mouse U7 snRNAs to induce efficient splicing modulation.