bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortalidade de homens jovens por agressões no Brasil, 2010-2014: estudo ecológico
Authors: Melo Alice Cristina Medeiros , Silva Gabriela Drummond Marques da , Garcia Leila Posenato
Published: November 2017

O objetivo foi analisar a associação entre o risco de morte por agressões em jovens do sexo masculino e características sociodemográficas dos municípios brasileiros. Estudo ecológico tendo como unidades de análise os 1.651 municípios com mais de 20.000 habitantes. Foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e indicadores obtidos do Censo Demográfico 2010 e do Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Razões de taxas de mortalidade foram estimadas por modelo de regressão binomial negativa. No período de 2010-2014, foram registrados 127.137 óbitos por agressão a jovens de 15-29 anos de idade do sexo masculino. A taxa corrigida de mortalidade foi 133,3/100 mil habitantes no conjunto dos municípios (mediana 71,5/100 mil habitantes). A taxa foi maior à medida que aumentou o porte populacional dos municípios. Razões de taxas mais elevadas no modelo ajustado foram observadas nos municípios mais urbanizados (1,95; IC95%: 1,70-2,23), em categorias intermediárias de desigualdade de renda (1,10; IC95%: 1,01-1,20) e proporção de pobreza (1,69; IC95%: 1,51-1,89), com menor proporção de jovens frequentando o Ensino Médio (2,05; IC95% 1,83-2,30), maior proporção de jovens de 18-24 anos desocupados (1,27; IC95%: 1,16-1,40) e maior número de mulheres em relação ao de homens (1,28; IC95% 1,05-1,58). A mortalidade de jovens do sexo masculino por agressão foi elevada, especialmente nos municípios maiores, mais urbanizados e com maior proporção de jovens buscando emprego e fora do ensino médio. Evidencia-se a relevância das políticas sociais para o enfrentamento da violência entre jovens.
Recomendações para uma linha de cuidados para crianças e adolescentes com condições crônicas complexas de saúde
Authors: Moreira Martha Cristina Nunes , Albernaz Lidianne Vianna , Sá Miriam Ribeiro Calheiros de , Correia Roberta Fernandes , Tanabe Roberta Falcão
Published: November 2017

Destacamos a definição de condição crônica complexa de saúde (CCC) para identificar crianças e adolescentes que ocupam leitos pediátricos em hospitais brasileiros e vivem a primeira infância nestes hospitais, demandando cuidados complexos, realizados por equipes multidisciplinares, acionando o trabalho em rede, tanto no âmbito hospitalar quanto no domicílio. O presente artigo apresenta e discute recomendações para uma linha de cuidados voltados para crianças e adolescentes com CCC. Foram validadas em um painel de especialistas 13 recomendações organizadas em três dimensões. Por meio da adaptação da técnica de conferência de consenso, profissionais de diferentes especialidades validaram as recomendações. Concluímos serem necessárias ações de planejamento, formação profissional e produção de uma agenda de pesquisa intersetorial, que se coloca junto a outras definições, revendo normas e convenções quanto ao que se esperaria como sendo a composição e o perfil profissional ideais para o cuidado integral dessas crianças e adolescentes com CCC e garantia dos seus direitos, com acesso aos mais variados equipamentos sociais, não somente de saúde.
Association Between Apical Periodontitis and TNF-α -308 G>A Gene Polymorphism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Salles Alessandro Guimarães , Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves , Carvalho Patrícia Arriaga , Küchler Erika Calvano , Antunes Leonardo Santos
Published: November 2017

Abstract Currently, investigations have focused on the identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) involved in host response and its ability to generate an immunity deficiency. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between TNF-α -308 G>A polymorphism and apical periodontitis (AP) phenotypes. A broad search for studies was conducted. The following databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and VHL (Medline, SciELO, Ibecs, and Lilacs). The MeSH terms “Periapical Periodontitis,” “Periapical Abscess,” “Polymorphism, Genetic,” and “Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide” were used. MeSH synonyms, related terms, and free terms were included. Clinical investigations of individuals with different AP phenotypes in permanent teeth were selected. After application of the eligibility criteria, selected studies were qualified by assessing their methodological quality. A fixed effect model was used for the meta-analysis. The initial search identified 71 references. After excluding duplicate abstracts, 33 were selected. From these, two were eligible for quality assessment and were classified as being of moderate evidence. The included studies did not demonstrate association between AP and TNF-α -308 G>A SNP. However, the meta-analysis demonstrated an association between the genotype distribution and AP phenotype (OR= 0.49; confidence interval= 0.25, 0.96; p=0.04). The role of TNF-α -308 G>A SNP in AP phenotypes is debatable. Further studies are needed to confirm and understand the underlying mechanisms of the identified association.
Physicochemical and Biological Evaluation of Endodontic Filling Materials for Primary Teeth
Authors: Pilownic Katerine Jahnecke , Gomes Ana Paula Neutzling , Wang Zhe Jun , Almeida Luiza Helena Silva , Romano Ana Regina , Shen Ya , Felix Anelize de Oliveira Campello , Haapasalo Markus , Pappen Fernanda Geraldo
Published: November 2017

Abstract This study assessed the pH, radiopacity, antimicrobial effect, cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of endodontic filling materials for primary teeth. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE), Vitapex and Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide (ZO) were evaluated in comparison to an experimental MTA-based material. Radiopacity was tested using a graduated aluminum stepwedge with a digital sensor (n=5). The materials pH was recorded at 1, 4, 12 h; 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days (n=5). Direct contact test was used to assess the antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis after 1, 4, 12, 24 h (n=5). Cytotoxicity assay used MTT test for cell viability after incubation for 1, 3 and 7 days (n=5). For biocompatibility test, Wistar rats had received implants containing each material (n=5). The biopsied tissues were histologically analyzed after 15, 30 and 60 days. The results of radiopacity, pH, antimicrobial capacity and cytotoxicity were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests. The histological data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test. The experimental material presented the lowest radiopacity (3.28 mm Al) and had a pH>12.0 throughout the test period. The experimental material showed the highest antibacterial effect, killing over 99.97% bacteria in 4 h. Vitapex presented the highest cell viability. Initially, biocompatibility test showed moderate to severe inflammation in all groups. After 60 days, Calen+ZO group showed moderate inflammation, while the others showed predominantly mild inflammatory reaction. The present results demonstrated that the experimental MTA-based material exhibited satisfactory behavior regarding the studied properties. Additional in vivo studies are necessary for a better evaluation of the material.
CONSTRUÇÃO DA ESCALA BRASILEIRA DE DISTRESSE MORAL EM ENFERMEIROS - UM ESTUDO METODOLÓGICO
Authors: Ramos Flávia Regina Souza , Barlem Edison Luis Devos , Brito Maria José Menezes , Vargas Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira , Schneider Dulcineia Ghizoni , Brehmer Laura Cavalcanti de Farias
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver um instrumento denominado Escala Brasileira de Distresse Moral em Enfermeiros, para medição da intensidade e frequência do distresse moral. Método: pesquisa metodológica descrita em três etapas: 1) definição do marco teórico (background); 2) concepção do instrumento; e 3) composição do instrumento. A etapa 2 integrou a revisão da literatura e survey para identificar elementos/situações desencadeadoras de distresse moral. A amostra consistiu de 771 enfermeiros, dos 27 estados do Brasil, atuantes em diferentes serviços. Resultados: foram analisadas situações de distresse moral apreendidas pelo survey, em cinco rodadas envolvendo grupo de pesquisadores, produzindo uma matriz analítica com nove categorias e 72 subcategorias, que subsidiaram a formulação das questões iniciais, aprimoradas e cotejadas com os achados da literatura (validação de critério). Outras três rodadas foram realizadas para composição do instrumento, com 57 questões e dupla escala Likert, em sucessivas revisões do conteúdo, linguagem, formato e layout, incluindo a avaliação por experts/juízes e análise dos resultados do pré-teste (validação de face/conteúdo). Conclusão: explorar condições específicas do contexto brasileiro do trabalho de enfermeiros e a validação do instrumento produzido permitirá compreender o tema do sofrimento moral no cenário da enfermagem brasileira. Construir instrumentos próprios capazes de aferir expressões de distresse moral pode referendar problemas éticos já descritos com instrumentos adaptados.
ENSINO DAS HABILIDADES DO PENSAMENTO CRÍTICO POR MEIO DE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Carbogim Fábio da Costa , Oliveira Larissa Bertacchini de , Mendonça Érica Toledo de , Marques Dionasson Altivo , Friedrich Denise Barbosa de Castro , Püschel Vilanice Alves de Araújo
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar comparativamente a percepção de estudantes de enfermagem, em duas turmas, sobre o ensino implícito do pensamento crítico em um curso de Suporte Básico de Vida. Método: intervenção educativa, com abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada na teoria histórico-cultural. Participaram do estudo 102 estudantes, sendo 52 no grupo intervenção, que foram ensinados por meio da metodologia Problem Based Learning associada às questões norteadoras, e 50 no grupo controle, ensinados apenas com Problem Based Learning. Os dados foram coletados de 12 a 30 de novembro de 2015, na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, através de questionário sociodemográfico, instrumento avaliativo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. O instrumento avaliativo e as entrevistas foram explorados pela análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: o curso mobilizou habilidades de pensamento crítico nos estudantes de ambos os grupos. Contudo, no grupo intervenção, expuseram com mais clareza percepções sobre as características de um pensador crítico. No grupo controle, ao qual foi aplicada apenas a metodologia Problem Based Learning, os estudantes mencionaram aquisição de habilidades técnicas. No grupo intervenção, ao qual foi aplicada a metodologia Problem Based Learning associada às questões norteadoras, além das habilidades técnicas, os estudantes relataram habilidades de um pensador crítico. Conclusão: a análise comparativa permite concluir que metodologias de ensino mobilizadoras do pensamento crítico se tornam mediadoras no desenvolvimento e aprimoramento das funções mentais superiores no ensino, abarcando capacidades cognitivas e metacognitivas. O estudo representa contribuição e avanço no âmbito do ensino de enfermagem, considerando que as questões somam-se às tecnologias de educação em saúde.
Aquaculture biological waste as culture medium to cultivation of Ankistrodesmus gracilis (Reinsch) Korshikov
Authors: Sipaúba-Tavares L. H. , Florêncio T. , Scardoeli-Truzzi B.
Published: November 2017

Abstract Current study investigated the effectiveness of different macrophytes as culture media for Ankistrodesmus gracilis in laboratory conditions. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was reported in cell density with regard to conventional culture medium (CHU12) and macrophytes culture media. Mean cell density in NPK, Eichhornia crassipes and E. azurea media was higher (p < 0.05) than in conventional culture medium. Chlorophyll-a was higher than 1 g.L-1, except in CHU12 (0.7 ± 0.4 g.L-1) and T. domingensis (0.8 ± 0.3 g.L-1) media. Nitrate decreased sharply as from the 7th-day of the experiment. Ammonium and total phosphorus were highest in culture media and ranged between 0.4 g.L-1 (P. cordata medium) and 1.7 g.L-1 (CHU12 medium) for ammonium, and between 0.8 g.L-1 (CHU12 medium) and 1.9 g.L-1 (T. domingensis medium) for total phosphorus. Results revealed inorganic fertilizer and macrophytes combined with vitamins may be effective as culture media and strongly supports the growth of Ankistrodesmus gracilis, since cell density and biochemical composition are similar to or higher than conventional culture medium (CHU12). Macrophyte is a tool for aquaculture since biological wastes may be used with nutrients to improve the cultivation of microalgae.
RISK MAPPING OF FIRES IN VEGETATION IN THE SERRA DO BRIGADEIRO STATE PARK (MG) AND SURROUNDINGS
Authors: Torres Fillipe Tamiozzo Pereira , Siqueira Rafael Gomes , Moreira Gilberto Fialho , Lima Gumercindo Souza , Martins Sebastião Venâncio , Valverde Sebastião Renato
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the occurrence of fires in the vegetation, in the area of the Serra do Brigadeiro State Park (PESB) and its surroundings, and through this information to establish the most appropriate methodology to generate a risk map for fires in the place. A risk cartogram for fires was developed with the help of the ArcGIS 10.1 software, by the generation of maps of slope, aspects and land use. These maps were intercrossed, enabling the determination of the areas most susceptible to fires. Tested methodologies varied in the form of assigning grades to each predictor class of fire as well as in the division of risk classes. According to the results, the assignment of notes to each predictor class, depending on the size of the burned area and taking into account the history of events, reflected the risk of fires in vegetation in the region more satisfactorily.
Predictors for oral cancer in Brazil
Authors: RIBEIRO Isabella Lima Arrais , NÓBREGA Johnys Berton Medeiros da , VALENÇA Ana Maria Gondim , CASTRO Ricardo Dias de
Published: November 2017

Abstract Introduction The incidence of lip, oral cavity and oropharynx cancer in Brazil is one of the highest worldwide. Objective This study aimed to identify predictors for oral cancer in Brazil between 2010 and 2013. Method Through a time series study in which 14,959 primary head and neck cancer diagnoses were evaluated. The variables of interest were gender, age, race, education level, family history of cancer, alcohol consumption, smoking, and previous cancer diagnosis. The outcome variable was divided into “oral cancer” and “cancer of other head and neck regions.” The data were analysed by multiple binary logistic regression; α=5%. Result The protective factor was: approximately 12 years of education (OR = 0.85). The risk factors were: being an ex-consumer (OR=1.19) or consumer (OR=1.11) of alcohol, tobacco use (OR=1.35) and a prior diagnosis of cancer that went untreated (OR=1.21). Conclusion Was concluded that the oral cancer had the following predictors compared to other types of head and neck cancer during the same period: approximately 12 years of education (protective factor) and ex-consumer or consumer of alcohol, smoking and previous diagnosis of cancer that went untreated (risk factors).
Knowledge and attitude of patients with diabetes mellitus in Primary Health Care
Authors: Assunção Suelen Cordeiro , Fonseca Alisson Pereira , Silveira Marise Fagundes , Caldeira Antônio Prates , Pinho Lucinéia de
Published: November 2017

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of patients with diabetes mellitus in Primary Health Care and associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study with 353 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Family Health Strategy units. The Knowledge and Psychological Attitudes Questionnaires were used for data collection, as well as a script with sociodemographic, economic and clinical data. Results: The majority of the population was female (73.1%), aged more than 50 years (81.5%), diagnosed for more than five years (54.9%) and with a per capita income of up to half a minimum wage (59.3%). The scores of knowledge and attitude were low. Age (p = 0.001) and level of education (p = 0.002) were variables associated with knowledge about diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Users had a low level of knowledge about diabetes, indicating an unsatisfactory result in self-care and mainly a negative attitude towards coping with this disease.
Physiological, isozyme changes and image analysis of popcorn seeds submitted to low temperatures
Authors: Catão Hugo César Rodrigues Moreira , Caixeta Franciele
Published: November 2017

Abstract: This present study aimed to assess seed quality of popcorn seedlings subjected to low temperatures by examining their physiological changes, enzymes, and images. We used a completely randomized design with four replications in a factorial arrangement with four hybrids (P618, AP6002, AP8202, AP8203) and five temperatures (10, 13, 16, 19 and 25 °C). Their physiological quality was assessed through radicle protrusion, germination, dry mass of seedlings and emergence. We have assessed the images of seedlings through their hypocotyl and root lengths; and through rates of automatic force, uniformity and growth, provided by Groundeye. The isozyme expressions were determined for the catalase (CAT - IUBMB: EC 1.11.1.6), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH - IUBMB: EC 1.1.1.1), malate dehydrogenase (MDH - IUBMB: EC: 1.1.1.37) and α-amylase (α-AMY - IUBMB: EC 3.2.1.1). Results show that low temperatures cause a negative effect on seed physiological quality in enzyme expression of CAT, ADH, MDH and α-AMY and on the performance of seedlings. These alterations compromise seed quality. Hybrids AP6002 and AP8203 should be recommended for sowing at up to 16 °C. The Groundeye software was efficient in the analysis of popcorn seedlings and in for the assessment of seed quality when submitted to low temperatures.
Computerized image analysis of seedlings to evaluate broccoli seed vigor
Authors: Abud Haynna Fernandes , Cicero Silvio Moure , Gomes Junior Francisco Guilhien
Published: November 2017

Abstract: The computerized image analysis of seedlings constitutes an efficient technique to evaluate the quality of seed lots, since it is quick in responding, has a simple execution and reproduction. The goal of this research was to verify the efficiency of the computer image analysis of seedlings to detect vigor differences among broccoli seed lots and compare them with other traditionally used vigor tests. Computerized image analysis were performed by the Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS®), using 3-day-old seedlings and the results were compared to germination at first count, seedling emergence, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests. Evaluations were performed in three experimental periods (before storage, 6 and 12 months of storage at 20 °C and 45-50% RH). A completely randomized design with eight replications of 25 seeds was used. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability. It is concluded that it is possible to detect vigor differences among broccoli seed lots by the computerized image analysis of seedlings with SVIS®, similarly to traditional vigor tests.
Reproductive biology and production of seeds and seedlings of Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) O. Berg.
Authors: Rodrigues Sandra dos Santos , Fidalgo Adriana de Oliveira , Barbedo Cláudio José
Published: November 2017

Abstract: Pollination is a fundamental process to produce food and maintain biodiversity in natural areas, since the production of seeds is related to its efficiency. Studies can determine the influence of reproductive systems on seed and seedlings quality and, consequently, on the structure of populations, helping the management, plant breeding and preservation of species. Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) O. Berg. (guabiroba) is a Brazilian shrub, pollinated by bees and occasionally by dipterans. This work aimed at evaluating the influence of pollination and reproductive system on seed production and germination and on the seedlings quality of C. pubescens. Phenology and floral biology were studied, and fruits from controlled pollinations were collected, in the Mogi Guaçu Biological Reserve, São Paulo State. The germination of seeds originated from self- and cross-pollination were analyzed, as well as the development of seedlings up to 180 days after germination. Seeds from self-pollination produced seedlings with lower development than the ones from cross-pollination, and they were more susceptible to mortality in laboratory and in greenhouse.
Seed treatment and its impact on wheat crop yield potential
Authors: Freiberg Joice Aline , Ludwig Marcos Paulo , Avelar Suemar Alexandre Gonçalves , Girotto Eduardo
Published: November 2017

Abstract: In the sowing process, the technique of seed treatment may assist in maintaining crop yield potential. This present study aimed to assess how wheat seed treatment with two different sources of micronutrients, combined with fungicide + insecticide protective treatment and coating with liquid polymer, may impact its vegetative development and grain production. Wheat seeds of cultivar Tec Vigore were subjected to three different treatments using micronutrient containing zinc: no micronutrient, micronutrient 1 (1% Mn, 0.1% Mo, 10% Zn); micronutrient 2 (0.3% B, 0.3% Co; 3% Zn), where micronutrient treatments were combined with different protective treatments used for seed treatment: untreated seeds, polymer (Color seed He), fungicide (Vitavax® Thiram 200 SC) + insecticide (Cruiser® 350 FS) and combination of polymer + fungicide + insecticide. We assessed parameters related to crop development, such as seedling emergence, dry matter of root and shoot, tillers, and for physiological maturity, we assessed grain yield and hectoliter weight. Seed treatment with micronutrients, polymer, fungicide + insecticide and combinations thereof does not reduce emergence and may increase seedling stand, but without influencing wheat grain yield.
Longevity of Arachis pintoi cv. BRS Mandobi seeds stored under different conditions
Authors: Souza Francisco Humberto Dübbern de , Assis Giselle Mariano Lessa de , Valentin Judson Ferreira , Cavariani Cláudio
Published: November 2017

Abstract: The goal of this work was to evaluate the storage effects under different temperatures, relative humidities (RH) and packaging types on the seed physiological quality and pod moisture content of Arachis pintoi cv. BRS Mandobi. The fruit of this herbaceous, perennial, leguminous species consists of an indehiscent pod containing a single seed, which is not dehulled for planting purposes. Pod samples presenting an initial 5.8% moisture content and stored under atmospheres presenting 30, 50, 70, 80 and 90% RH at 21±2 °C reached, respectively, the following equilibrium moisture content (EMC): 5.1±0.3%, 6.2±0.2%, 7.4±0.3%, 8.5±0.2% and 11.6±0.4%. Pod components (pericarp and seed) differed from one another in terms of EMC when stored under the same RH’s; on an average, the pericarp EMC was 4.2% higher than that of the seed. A drastic physiological quality reduction was observed in seeds contained in pods that presented a 6.9% moisture content when storage temperature was raised from 21±2 °C to 30±3 °C. The physiological quality of seeds was preserved for a longer time in semi-permeable packages; this contributed either to maintain low EMC’s or to delay reaching higher pod EMC’s, depending on the RH under which they were stored.
Novel concrete-temperature monitoring method by using embedded passive wireless sensor
Authors: Chen Hong , Zhou Shuangxi , Deng Fangming , Zou Jiayu , Wu Xiang , Fu Zhihui
Published: November 2017

This paper presents a novel concrete-temperature monitoring method using an embedded passive wireless sensor. After introducing the control method of concrete-temperature monitoring, this work proposes an embedded passive wireless sensor based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. It includes a microstrip antenna specially designed for embedded monitoring due to its round plane architecture. The proposed wireless sensor consists of three parts: an energy management section, a digital section and an RFID section. Laboratory experimentation and on-site testing demonstrate that, despite the high losses of concrete, the proposed sensor tag provides reliable communication performance in passive mode. The maximum reader–tag communication distance is 7 m at 915 MHz, and the measured results are highly consistent with the results measured by thermocouple. To the knowledge of the authors, this work is the first to use the RFID sensor tag to measure concrete temperature.
Innovation, Productivity, and Monetary Policy
Authors: Moran Patrick , Queralto Albert
Published: November 2017

To what extent can monetary policy impact business innovation and productivity growth? We use a New Keynesian model with endogenous total factor productivity (TFP) to quantify the TFP losses due to the constraints on monetary policy imposed by the zero lower bound (ZLB) and the TFP benefits of tightening monetary policy more slowly than currently anticipated. In the model, monetary policy influences firms incentives to develop and implement innovations. We use evidence on the dynamic effects of R&amp;amp;amp;D and monetary shocks to estimate key parameters and assess model performance. The model suggests significant TFP losses due to the ZLB.
Solving a Classical Optimization ProblemUsing GAMS Optimizer Package: Economic Dispatch ProblemImplementation
Authors: Montoya Giraldo Oscar Danilo
Published: November 2017

This paper presents an effectiveness strategy to model and solve nonlinearmathematical optimization problems in electrical engineering using Gene-ral Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) for undergraduate students. Aclassical problem known as economic dispatch has been selected to showthe need of using mathematical tools to solve a large scale optimizationproblem related with engineering. The economic dispatch is a classical op-timization problem in operation of thermal electric systems, being the mainidea to find an economical operation for thermal generators. This opera-tion is based on a quadratic cost curve with some operating constraints,i.e., power balance and generation capacities. A numerical simulation isimplemented using GAMS optimization package in demo version. Thisresearch has been developed with the support of 36 students of the courseof Regulation and Operation of Electrical Systems (ROES) in the programof Electrical Engineering at Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP).
Diseño de una red de logística inversa: caso de estudio Usochicamocha - Boyacá
Authors: Silva Rodríguez Julián David
Published: November 2017

Este artículo presenta los resultados finales de una investigación adelantada en el distrito de riego Usochicamocha del Departamento de Boyacá - Colombia, el cual enfrenta un problema a causa de la no devolución y recolección de la totalidad de los envases y empaques vacíos de plaguicidas que generan los agricultores. Debido a lo anterior, con la investigación se propone una configuración y funcionamiento de la red de logística inversa (LI) para la recolección, acopio y disposición final de los residuos de plaguicidas en dicha zona, para lo cual se desarrolla un modelo de programación lineal entera mixta con el fin de definir tanto las cantidades a recolectar y transportar a disposición final y evaluar la posibilidad de abrir nuevos centros de acopio. Los resultados del modelo matemático evidencian que, en promedio, se recolectan en cada finca 5 kg de residuos y que se envían 1106.58 kg a eliminación segura y 1292.31 kg a reciclaje.
Una Guía para el estudio de nanopartículas magnéticas de óxidos de hierro con aplicaciones biomédicas. Parte II
Authors: Coral Diego F , Jenny A Mera Jenny A Mera
Published: November 2017

En esta segunda parte del artículo, se abordará el tema de la caracterización de nanopartículas magnéticas, haciendo énfasis en la interpretación de estas propiedades para definir la aplicación biomédica de los nanosistemas en estudio. Para el caso de nanopartículas de óxidos de hierro, se analizará como estas propiedades influyen en la disipación de calor de las nanopartículas cuando son sometidas a campos de radiofrecuencia, respuesta útil en el tratamiento del cáncer por hipertermia magética. En la hipertermia magnética, las partículas absorben energía de un campo de radio frecuencia y la disipan en forma de calor, los rangos de frecuencia típicamente usados para pruebas in-vivo y en humanos están entre 50 y 1000 kHz y amplitudes entre 5 y 50 kA/m. Las propiedades de interés como magnetización, interacciones entre partículas y su ordenamiento, se estudian a partir de simulaciones computacionales y datos experimentales utilizando modelos de análisis adecuados para cada caso, ya planteados en la primera parte de este artículo. Finalmente se hace una correlación de estas propiedades con la disipación de calor, determinada por métodos calorimétricos, la cual se considera como parámetro de mérito para cuantificar la transducción de energía electromagnética a térmica.
CONCEPÇÃO DE ACADÊMICOS DE SAÚDE SOBRE A PNPIC E SUA APLICABILIDADE NO SUS
Authors: Trippo Karen Valadares , Almeida Lucas , De Jesus Mariana Cruz , Nascimento Mariana Santana , Moreira Nathalia Lucia , Oliveira Maísa Cibele
Published: November 2017

Introdução: A Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC) objetiva garantir a integralidade à saúde através de práticas com abordagem holística. Objetivo: Avaliar a concepção e o conhecimento dos acadêmicos de saúde acerca da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC) e sua aplicabilidade no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Material e Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado com 56 acadêmicos de saúde, participantes de uma palestra aberta intitulada “POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE PRÁTICAS INTEGRATIVAS E COMPLEMENTARES NO SUS: Você Conhece?”. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado, auto administrado, antes e imediatamente após a palestra. Os dados foram descritos por valores absolutos e frequência relativa. Para comparar as frequências oriundas das amostras pareadas foi utilizado o teste de McNemar (p<0,05). Resultados: Antes da palestra, 67,9% desconheciam a PNPIC e quais eram as PIC e 66,1% nunca foram esclarecidos sobre a existência e aplicabilidade destas práticas por profissionais de saúde e em sua formação acadêmica, bem como 69,6% não sabiam dizer se poderiam ser oferecidas no SUS. Após a palestra houve mudanças positivas nesse perfil: 91,1% (p<0,001) declararam conhecer a PNPIC, 73,2% (p<0,001) responderam que receberam esclarecimentos sobre a existência e aplicabilidade da PNPIC e 89,3% (p<0,001) afirmaram que as PIC poderiam ser oferecidas pelo SUS. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que os participantes, após a palestra, ampliaram seus conhecimentos relacionados à PNPIC. Estudos de seguimento são recomendados, bem como estender a pesquisa para profissionais da área de saúde, a título de comparação.
A EXPERIÊNCIA PARENTAL APÓS O DIAGNÓSTICO DA MICROCEFALIA POR ZIKA VÍRUS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Oliveira Maíra Carvalho , Sá Sumaia Midlej
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência parental após receber o diagnóstico da microcefalia por zika vírus. Estratégia metodológica: Optou-se por uma metodologia de caráter qualitativo do tipo estudo de caso único. Os informantes-chave foram pais de uma criança com microcefalia por zika vírus. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada, posteriormente analisada e categorizada por meio da análise de conteúdo, embasada na teoria de Minayo. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da UNEB, sob protocolo número 098615/2016 e realizada em março de 2017, em uma Clínica Escola de Fisioterapia de Instituição de Ensino Superior em Salvador, Bahia. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa a mãe e o pai de uma criança com microcefalia por zika vírus. Os pais tinham entre 38 e 39 anos de idade e o filho com 1 ano e 2 meses, diagnosticado no período perinatal. A experiência vivenciada por pais de criança com microcefalia por zika vírus tem ocasionado mudanças na estruturação familiar. As categorias que emergiram das falas dos informantes-chave foram: Reações e sentimentos dos pais frente a descoberta da microcefalia por zika vírus do filho, Elaboração do luto, Dinâmica familiar, Rede de apoio e Expectativas para o futuro. Considerações finais: Evidenciou-se que a experiência vivenciada pelos pais após o diagnóstico da microcefalia por zika vírus do filho perpassa por diversas fases, e a identificação destas pelos profissionais de saúde se torna imprescindível para acolher essas famílias e proporcionar melhor desenvolvimento para a criança.
Comparison of ketamine-diazepam with ketamine-xylazine anesthetic combinations in sheep spontaneously breathing and undergoing maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Özkan Fatih , Çakır-Özkan Nilüfer , Eyibilen Ahmet , Yener Tamer , Erkorkmaz Ünal
Published: November 2017

The objective of this study was to choose a suitable anesthetic combination for use in experimental surgical models by comparing the anesthetic and cardio-respiratory changes. Fourteen healthy male sheep were randomly assigned to two different drug regimens. In Group 1 the sheep were anesthetized with ketamine + xylazine (22 mg/kg im. + 0.2 mg/kg i.m., respectively). Anesthetic combination of ketamine + diazepam (22 mg/kg im. + 0.4 mg/kg i.m., respectively) was used in Group 2. Heart rate, respiratory rate and mean arterial pressures were evaluated before anesthesia, after induction of anesthesia up to 30 minutes in 5 minute intervals and during recovery. In all sheep, duration of anesthesia induction, duration of anesthesia and duration of recovery were recorded. Quality of induction, anesthesia, analgesia and recovery were evaluated. Cardio-respiratory parameters decreased below baseline values after anesthesia induction in both groups. However, no profound effects on cardio-respiratory functions were observed during study. In Group 2, it was observed that; anesthesia induction time was longer, the depth of anesthesia was inadequate during the osteotomy stage of the surgical procedure and recovery time was longer in comparison to Group 1. Otherwise the quality of anesthesia induction, anesthesia, analgesia and recovery was better in Group 1 than Group 2. These findings indicate that both drug combinations can provide short time anesthesia for minor surgical procedures. Ketamine+xylazine combination can be used as a more suitable anesthetic combination in experimental surgical procedures such as maxillofacial surgery than ketamine+diazepam combination, in sheep.
Analysis of pathohistological characteristics of pterygium
Authors: Džunić Boban , Jovanović Predrag , Veselinović Dragan , Petrović Aleksandar , Stefanović Ivan , Kovačević Igor
Published: November 2017

Pterygium internum (external eye layer) shows great recurrence tendency after surgical removal. Its etiology is still unclear and represents a significant problem. The main goal of our study was to explore the interrelationships of pathohistological characteristics of pterygium, namely presence of inflammation, vascularisation degree and fibrinoid changes and on the basis of their analysis to test the possibility of predicting its evolution and recurrence. The analysis was performed on the material taken from 55 patients surgically treated by the technique of Arlt. The specimens were stained using the classical histochemical methods: hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson’s trichrome, Gomori’s reticulin stain and PAS technique. Pterygium is mostly covered by conjunctival epithelium, while in the cap region shows morphology of modified stratified squamous epithelium of the cornea. Structural basis of the epithelium is composed of continuous basal lamina and continuous connective fibers underneath. This connective basis shows fibrinoid changes in the form of oval islets of different size, parallel to convexity of pterygium, or is in the form of unified focus. The number, caliber and the type of blood vessels showed excessive variability.Pathohistological analysis of morphological characteristics of pterygium is adequate basis for prediction of recurrences; as they present the biggest concern in treatment of this widely spread disease.
Noise Induced Hypertension and Prehypertension in Pakistan
Authors: Kashif Nawaz Syed , Hasnain Shahida
Published: November 2017

The present study investigates the relationship of different sound levels with hypertension and prehypertension in Pakistani population. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension due to exposure of sound level <80 dBA (A weighted sound pressure level), 81-94 dBA and >95 dBA in November 11, 2005 to January 30, 2007. Sites were selected with stable sound ranges according to the above mentioned criteria. After selecting sampling sites, workers living in that area for at least 8 hours per day were categorized on the basis of blood pressure in groups called as normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive. Persons with diabetes, chronic bacterial or viral infections, alcohol addiction, kidney problems were excluded from the study. For getting homogenous groups, age range of 30-50 years was selected. Out of 566 samples, 90 excluded samples were consisted of 8% diabetic patients, 5% hepatitis C patients, 3% hepatitis B patients and 0% AIDS patients. Out of 476 participants, 389 samples were found with age 40±10 years. High noise increased the risks of hypertension (Odds ratio: 4.41; Confidence interval: 2.123-9,196) and prehypertension (Odds ratio: 3,809; Confidence Interval: 1,804-8,042) as compared to the normal sound level. However increased chances of hypertension (Odds ratio: 2,271; Confidence interval: 1,043-4,946) and prehypertension (Odds ratio: 3,028; Confidence Interval: 1,440-6,367) were observed on median noise exposure also. These findings suggest that sound level more than 81 dBA increases the chances for development of hypertension and prehypertension in Pakistani population.
Outcomes of 3% Green Tea Emulsion on Skin Sebum Production in Male Volunteers
Authors: Mahmood Tariq , Akhtar Naveed , Ali Khan Barkat , Khan Haji M Shoaib , Saeed Tariq
Published: November 2017

This study was aimed to depict potential effects of stable formulation (water in oil emulsion), containing 3% green tea (Camellia sinensis L) extract on skin sebum production in healthy human volunteers.For this purpose formulation was designed using 3 % ethanolic green tea extract and Abil’EM90 was used as an emulsifier. Formulation was applied to the cheeks of healthy human volunteers (n=10) for a period of 8 weeks. Measurements for skin sebum production were considered using Sebumeter MPA 5. Results were compiled and any effect produced by the formulation was justified statistically. It was observable that statistically significant (p < 0.5 %) results were found for skin sebum production after long term application of the formulation. 3% formulation of green tea extract was ideal in all aspects and can be experienced in skin disorders like acne to further investigate its effects in unhealthy volunteers.
Immunofluorescence staining of heparan sulfate (HS) in islet beta cells of formalin-fixed human pancreas and isolated islets v1
Authors: Popp Sarah , Simeonovic Charmaine
Published: November 2017

Paraffin sections of formalin-fixed human pancreas and isolated human islets were treated with 0.05% pronase for antigen retrieval, blocked with 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA; Sigma)/phosphate buffered saline (PBS), incubated overnight (4°C) with 10E4 (anti-HS) mAb (1/10; US Biological/Amsbio), washed and stained with AlexaFluor 488-goat anti-mouse IgM (Thermo Fisher). The same sections were washed, incubated with rabbit anti-human glucagon IgG (Abcam) or guinea-pig anti-pig insulin Ig (Dako), washed and stained with Alexafluor 568-donkey anti-rabbit IgG or AlexaFluor 568-goat anti-guinea-pig IgG (Thermo Fisher). The specificity of HS staining was checked on serial sections using IgMκ isotype control (BD Biosciences), instead of 10E4 mAb, together with anti-glucagon or anti-insulin antibody. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (0.2 μg/ml; Sigma). Sections were photographed using an automated Axio Observer inverted fluorescence microscope (Zeiss). Merged images were prepared using ZEN (version 2.3) software (Zeiss).
A protocol for assessment of intracavernosal pressure in a rat model v1
Authors: Zhao Shankun , Kang Ran , Zhao Zhigang
Published: November 2017

Intracavernous pressure (ICP) measurement is a well-established technique for assessing the erectile function, which was performed by cannulating either crus or shaft of the penis. But yet, as far as we know, no consensus has reached on the ES parameters of frequency and voltage response. Moreover, the current technique for ICP measurement in the rat is difficult to perform, especially in the cannulation of the corpus cavernosum. It often leads to failure in the experiment and takes time to explore the optimum conditions for inexperienced investigators. In present study, we provided a detailed step-by-step procedure of ICP measurement.
Isolation of human islet cells, culture with heparan sulfate mimetics and flow cytometry analysis of beta cell viability v1
Authors: Popp Sarah , Simeonovic Charmaine
Published: November 2017

Isolated human islets were dispersed into single cells using Accutase (Millipore), ~1500-2000 islet equivalents (IEQ)/ml. 20,000-65,000 islet cells were transferred to individual wells of a 96 well culture plate (CELLSTAR, Greiner Bio-one) for immediate staining for flow cytometry analysis or for culture prior to staining. Isolated human islet cells were cultured in the presence or absence of the HS mimetics heparin (a highly sulfated HS analogue from porcine intestinal mucosa), BT548 (a glycol split low molecular weight heparin (LMWH; 3 kDa) lacking anti-coagulant activity) or PI-88 (Progen Pharmaceuticals Limited,) at 50 μg/ml for 2 days in 5% CO2, 95% air at 37ºC. In some studies islet cells were acutely treated with 30% H2O2 (Chem-Supply) as a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for 5 min on day 0 or after culture for 2 days with/without HS mimetics. Beta cells were identified by staining with Newport Green (NG; 10 μmol/L; Invitrogen, Molecular Probes), a fluorescent probe that detects zinc in the insulin granules of beta cells. Damaged and dying islet cells were assessed using 7-Aminoactinomycin (7AAD, 10 μg/ml; Life Technologies) or by Sytox green (31.25 nmol/L; Invitrogen, Molecular Probes) uptake. Cells were analyzed using a BD LSRI flow cytometer and CellQuest™ Pro software (version 6.0; BD Biosciences).
Bullying e agressão: Estudo dos preditores no contexto de programa de intervenção da violência escolar
Authors: Gouveia Patrícia , Leal Isabel , Cardoso Jorge
Published: November 2017

Os processos interativos na escola, pares e contextos familiares dos adolescentes apresentam um peso considerável no estudo dos fatores de risco e protetores associados ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos agressivos. Atendendo a esta premissa, pretendemos analisar a relação entre a perceção que os jovens têm do seu suporte social e do ambiente escolar e o desenvolvimento das diferentes formas e funções de comportamentos agressivos.  Participaram no estudo 851 adolescentes, com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 19 anos, a frequentar o ensino básico e secundário. Recorrendo a regressões hierárquicas, obtivemos 2 modelos explicativos dos fatores de risco e protetores da agressão direta reativa, agressão relacional reativa, agressão direta instrumental e agressão relacional instrumental. Os resultados revelam interessantes padrões de risco e proteção para cada um dos subtipos de comportamento agressivo. As relações familiares e o ambiente escolar são preditores-chave para esta amostra, quer de risco, quer de proteção.
An overview of social media use in agricultural extension service delivery
Authors: Barau Aliyu Akilu , Afrad Md. Safiul Islam
Published: November 2017

Social media are contemporary digital communication means comprising various tools that allow interaction among people and information exchange worldwide. Its active users have reached around 3 billion globally as at April, 2017. Since agricultural extension service delivery is primarily a communication process, proper integration of social media is necessary. However, owing to the conducted researches so far the present paper was centred on making an overview of the current perspective of social media and agricultural extension service delivery. Evidences obtained revealed that there are many social media platforms being used in agricultural extension service delivery worldwide with Facebook having highest popularity (64.7%). Most of the agricultural stakeholders using social media are versatile users (33.5%) who usually visit only to find information (75.7%). Many challenges are currently faced in using social media for agricultural extension service delivery; viz. illiteracy, shortage of infrastructure, limited participation, non-institutionalisation, lack of quality control, lack of adequate yardstick for measuring impact and need for gender sensitive approach. In general, social media is gradually appreciated in agricultural extension service delivery, but faced with challenges. Thus, the necessity to put structures in place and required efforts by all stakeholders to ensure good use of its benefits.
Cytogenetic, Inflammatory, Immunologic, and Infectious Basis for Dysplastic Hematopoeisis
Authors: Alcedo Pedro , Andrade Enrique , Hamad Hussein , Rivero Gustavo ,   Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor St Luke’s Medical Center, Houston, Texas, US,   Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, US,   Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor St Luke’s Medical Center, Houston, Texas, US,   Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, US,   Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor St Luke’s Medical Center, Houston, Texas, US,   Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, US,   The Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, US
Published: November 2017

Myelodysplastic syndrome is a heterogeneous immunologic and epigenetic group of myeloid disorders with variable propensity for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) conversion. Treatment is limited to growth factors, lenalidomide for 5q deletion MDS, and best supportive care for low-risk disease. Allogeneic transplantation and epigenetic therapy are conventionally considered alternatives for high-risk MDS. Inflammation, epigenetic, and cytogenetic participate in disease initiation. However, how these factors interface to develop vulnerability for the disease is largely unknown. In this review, we describe current inflammatory, immunologic, and molecular features that integrate mechanistic potential effectors for MDS.
Updates in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia—Current Status of Antigen-targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy
Authors: Thomas Xavier ,   Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hematology Department, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Pierre Bénite, France
Published: November 2017

The outcomes of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain inferior to those observed in pediatric populations. Targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies and immunotherapy represents the most promising new way to fight ALL without significant additive toxicity. Since the use of rituximab in combination chemoimmunotherapy for treatment of B cell lineage ALL, a number of other monoclonal antibodies are under investigation for the treatment of this disease. Deep molecular remissions with anti-CD19- and anti-CD22-directed therapy have been shown in relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease, allowing for the opportunity to transplant. Blinatumomab is the first antigen-directed treatment approved for use in R/R ALL. Adoptive cellular therapy with human T cells genetically engineered to express CD19 redirected chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has also recently demonstrated efficacy in patients with B cell lineage ALL. In this article, we review the therapeutic implications, primary results, and current status of antigen-targeted treatments and immunotherapy in adult B cell lineage ALL.