bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of forest structure and composition in driving the distribution of bats in Mediterranean regions
Authors: Novella-Fernandez Roberto , Juste Javier , Ibañez Carlos , Nogueras Jesús , Osborne Patrick E. , Razgour Orly
Published: February 2022

Forests are key native habitats in temperate environments. While their structure and composition contribute to shaping local-scale community assembly, their role in driving larger-scale species distributions is understudied. We used detailed forest inventory data, an extensive dataset of occurrence records, and species distribution models integrated with a functional approach, to disentangle mechanistically how species-forest dependency processes drive the regional-scale distributions of nine forest specialist bats in a Mediterranean region in the south of Spain. The regional distribution patterns of forest bats were driven primarily by forest composition and structure rather than by climate. Bat roosting ecology was a key trait explaining the strength of the bat-forest dependency relationships. Tree roosting bats were strongly associated with mature and heterogeneous forest with large trees (diameters > 425 mm). Conversely, and contrary to what local-scale studies show, our results did not support that flight-related traits (wing loading and aspect ratio) drive species distributional patterns. Mediterranean forests are expected to be severely impacted by climate change. This study highlights the utility of disentangling species-environment relationships mechanistically and stresses the need to account for species-forest dependency relationships when assessing the vulnerability of forest specialists towards climate change.
Detection method for transparent window cleaning device, image processing approach
Authors: Lee Jiseok , Chae Hobyeong , Kim KyungMin , Kim Hwa Soo , Seo TaeWon
Published: February 2022

Recent years, there has been an increase in the number of high-rise buildings, and subsequently, the interest in external wall cleaning methods has similarly increased. While a number of exterior wall cleaning robots are being developed, a method to detect contaminants on the exterior walls is still required. The exteriors of most high-rise buildings today take the form of a window curtain-wall made of translucent glass. Detecting dust on translucent glass is a significant challenge. Here, we have attempted to overcome this challenge using image processing, inspired by the fact that people typically use just the ‘naked eye’ to recognize dust on windows. In this paper, we propose a method that detects dust through simple image processing techniques and estimates its density. This method only uses processing techniques that are not significantly restricted by global brightness and background, making it easily applicable in outdoor conditions. Dust separation was performed using a median filter, and dust density was estimated through a mean shift analysis technique. This dust detection method can perform dust separation and density estimation using only an image of the dust on a translucent window with blurry background.
An immune-related lncRNA model for predicting prognosis, immune landscape and chemotherapeutic response in bladder cancer
Authors: Hou Jian , Liang Songwu , Xie Zhimin , Qu Genyi , Xu Yong , Yang Guang , Tang Cheng
Published: February 2022

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in cancer immunity. We characterized the clinical significance of an immune-related lncRNA model and evaluated its association with immune infiltrations and chemosensitivity in bladder cancer. Transcriptome data of bladder cancer specimens were employed from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Dysregulated immune-related lncRNAs were screened via Pearson correlation and differential expression analyses, followed by recognition of lncRNA pairs. Then, a LASSO regression model was constructed, and receiver operator characteristic curves of one-, three- and five-year survival were established. Akaike information criterion (AIC) value of one-year survival was determined as the cutoff of high- and low-risk subgroups. The differences in survival, clinical features, immune cell infiltrations and chemosensitivity were compared between subgroups. Totally, 90 immune-related lncRNA pairs were identified, 15 of which were screened for constructing the prognostic model. The area under the curves of one-, three- and five-year survival were 0.806, 0.825 and 0.828, confirming the favorable predictive performance of this model. According to the AIC value, we clustered patients into high- and low-risk subgroups. High-risk score indicated unfavorable outcomes. The risk model was related to survival status, age, stage and TNM. Compared with conventional clinicopathological characteristics, the risk model displayed higher predictive efficacy and served as an independent predictor. Also, it could well characterize immune cell infiltration landscape and predict immune checkpoint expression and sensitivity to cisplatin and methotrexate. Collectively, the model conducted by paring immune-related lncRNAs regardless of expressions exhibits a favorable efficacy in predicting prognosis, immune landscape and chemotherapeutic response in bladder cancer.
PacBio long-read amplicon sequencing enables scalable high-resolution population allele typing of the complex CYP2D6 locus
Authors: Charnaud Sarah , Munro Jacob E. , Semenec Lucie , Mazhari Ramin , Brewster Jessica , Bourke Caitlin , Ruybal-Pesántez Shazia , James Robert , Lautu-Gumal Dulcie , Karunajeewa Harin , Mueller Ivo , Bahlo Melanie
Published: February 2022

The CYP2D6 enzyme is estimated to metabolize 25% of commonly used pharmaceuticals and is of intense pharmacogenetic interest due to the polymorphic nature of the CYP2D6 gene. Accurate allele typing of CYP2D6 has proved challenging due to frequent copy number variants (CNVs) and paralogous pseudogenes. SNP-arrays, qPCR and short-read sequencing have been employed to interrogate CYP2D6, however these technologies are unable to capture longer range information. Long-read sequencing using the PacBio Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) sequencing platform has yielded promising results for CYP2D6 allele typing. However, previous studies have been limited in scale and have employed nascent data processing pipelines. We present a robust data processing pipeline “PLASTER” for accurate allele typing of SMRT sequenced amplicons. We demonstrate the pipeline by typing CYP2D6 alleles in a large cohort of 377 Solomon Islanders. This pharmacogenetic method will improve drug safety and efficacy through screening prior to drug administration.
ATase inhibition rescues age-associated proteotoxicity of the secretory pathway
Authors: Murie Maeghan , Peng Yajing , Rigby Michael J. , Dieterich Inca A. , Farrugia Mark A. , Endresen Andreas , Bhattacharyya Anita , Puglielli Luigi
Published: February 2022

Malfunction of autophagy contributes to the progression of many chronic age-associated diseases. As such, improving normal proteostatic mechanisms is an active target for biomedical research and a key focal area for aging research. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based acetylation has emerged as a mechanism that ensures proteostasis within the ER by regulating the induction of ER specific autophagy. ER acetylation is ensured by two ER-membrane bound acetyltransferases, ATase1 and ATase2. Here, we show that ATase inhibitors can rescue ongoing disease manifestations associated with the segmental progeria-like phenotype of AT-1 sTg mice. We also describe a pipeline to reliably identify ATase inhibitors with promising druggability properties. Finally, we show that successful ATase inhibitors can rescue the proteopathy of a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. In conclusion, our study proposes that ATase-targeting approaches might offer a translational pathway for many age-associated proteopathies affecting the ER/secretory pathway.
Design and degradation of permanently porous vitamin C and zinc-based metal-organic framework
Authors: Tajnšek Tia K. , Svensson Grape Erik , Willhammar Tom , Antonić Jelić Tatjana , Javornik Uroš , Dražić Goran , Zabukovec Logar Nataša , Mazaj Matjaž
Published: February 2022

Bioapplication is an emerging field of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) utilization, but biocompatible MOFs with permanent porosity are still a rarity in the field. In addition, biocompatibility of MOF constituents is often overlooked when designing bioMOF systems, intended for drug delivery. Herein, we present the a Zn(II) bioMOF based on vitamin C as an independent ligand (bioNICS-1) forming a three-dimensional chiral framework with permanent microporosity. Comprehensive study of structure stability in biorelavant media in static and dynamic conditions demonstrates relatively high structure resistivity, retaining a high degree of its parent specific surface area. Robustness of the 3D framework enables a slow degradation process, resulting in controllable release of bioactive components, as confirmed by kinetic studies. BioNICS-1 can thus be considered as a suitable candidate for the design of a small drug molecule delivery system, which was demonstrated by successful loading and release of urea—a model drug for topical application—within and from the MOF pores.
High-performance, self-powered flexible MoS2 photodetectors with asymmetric van der Waals gaps
Authors: Tang Xiaoqiu , Wang Shuai , Liang Yao , Bai Dongwei , Xu Jiyuan , Wang Yingying , Chen Chaoyu , Liu Xiang , Wu Sumei , Wen Yang , Jiang Dayong , Zhang Zhihua
Published: February 2022

Self-powered flexible MoS2 photodetectors show an excellent overall performance, and their self-driving force originates from asymmetric vdW gaps.
Dielectric relaxations of ice and uncrystallized water in partially crystallized bovine serum albumin–water mixtures
Authors: Tsukahara Tatsuya , Sasaki Kaito , Kita Rio , Shinyashiki Naoki
Published: February 2022

Four dielectric relaxations of ice and dielectric relaxation of uncrystallized water were clarified in BSA–water mixtures.
Deoxygenation-enhanced chemical looping gasification: a new pathway to produce hydrogen from biomass
Authors: Sun Zhao , Liu Hanpeng , Toan Sam , Shi Weizhi , Cheng Dongfang , Sun Zhiqiang
Published: February 2022

A new pathway to produce hydrogen from biomass is proposed: deoxygenation-enhanced chemical looping gasification.
Ferrofluids and bio-ferrofluids: looking back and stepping forward
Authors: Socoliuc V. , Avdeev M. V. , Kuncser V. , Turcu Rodica , Tombácz Etelka , Vékás L.
Published: February 2022

Ferrofluids investigated along for about five decades are ultrastable colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles, which manifest simultaneously fluid and magnetic properties.
Gas permeation and microstructure of reduced graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine multilayer films createdviarecast and layer-by-layer deposition processes
Authors: Yin Chongshan , Du Xuan , Ding Zhi , Zeng Qing , Li Xi , He Chunqing , Xiong Bangyun , Li Jingjing , Zhou Yawei
Published: February 2022

Gas barrier property and microstructure of reduced graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine multilayer films createdviarecast and layer-by-layer deposition processes.
DFT insight into asymmetric alkyl–alkyl bond formation via nickel-catalysed enantioconvergent reductive coupling of racemic electrophiles with olefins
Authors: Zhang Chao-Shen , Zhang Bei-Bei , Zhong Liang , Chen Xiang-Yu , Wang Zhi-Xiang
Published: February 2022

The enantioconvergent alkyl–alkyl coupling involves two competitive catalytic cycles with nickel(0) and nickel(i) active catalysts, respectively. K3PO4 plays a crucial role to enable the hydride transfer from hydrosilane to nickel–bromine species.
The convergent total synthesis and antibacterial profile of the natural product streptothricin F
Authors: Dowgiallo Matthew G. , Miller Brandon C. , Kassu Mintesinot , Smith Kenneth P. , Fetigan Andrew D. , Guo Jason J. , Kirby James E. , Manetsch Roman
Published: February 2022

The second ever total synthesis of streptothricin F and the first achieved through a diversity-enabling convergent route. The synthesis is achieved in 35 total steps, with a longest linear sequence of 19 steps, and 0.40% overall yield.
Kinetics and mechanistic details of bulk ZnO dissolution using a thiol–imidazole system
Authors: Koskela Kristopher M. , Quiton Stephen J. , Sharada Shaama Mallikarjun , Williams Travis J. , Brutchey Richard L.
Published: February 2022

Oxide dissolution is important for metal extraction from ores and has become an attractive route for the preparation of inks for thin film solution deposition; however, oxide dissolution is often kinetically challenging.
An integrated platform approach enables discovery of potent, selective and ligand-competitive cyclic peptides targeting the GIP receptor
Authors: Bhushan Bhaskar , Granata Daniele , Kaas Christian S. , Kasimova Marina A. , Ren Qiansheng , Cramer Christian N. , White Mark D. , Hansen Ann Maria K. , Fledelius Christian , Invernizzi Gaetano , Deibler Kristine , Coleman Oliver D. , Zhao Xin , Qu Xinping , Liu Haimo , Zurmühl Silvana S. , Kodra Janos T. , Kawamura Akane , Münzel Martin
Published: February 2022

mRNA display generates vast datasets of protein binders. Bioinformatic clustering of the sequences combined with high throughput synthesis and analysis methods allow efficient prioritisation of hits for in vivo experiments.
Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with spectral phasor analysis: applications in assessing drug–cell interactions
Authors: Tipping William J. , Wilson Liam T. , An Connie , Leventi Aristea A. , Wark Alastair W. , Wetherill Corinna , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O. , Faulds Karen , Graham Duncan
Published: February 2022

Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with spectral phasor analysis provides a label-free approach for phenotypic evaluation of drug-induced effects.
Selective electrochemical capture and release of uranyl from aqueous alkali, lanthanide, and actinide mixtures using redox-switchable carboranes
Authors: Keener Megan , Mattejat Maxwell , Zheng Shao-Liang , Wu Guang , Hayton Trevor W. , Ménard Gabriel
Published: February 2022

Redox-switchable carboranes electrochemically capture and release UO22+ selectively from mixed metal aqueous solutions, mimicking in part spent nuclear fuel.
Engineering the sign of circularly polarized emission in achiral polymer – chiral small molecule blends as a function of blend ratio
Authors: Wan Li , Wade Jessica , Wang Xuhua , Campbell Alasdair J. , Fuchter Matthew J.
Published: February 2022

We demonstrate CP-OLEDs with an impressive electroluminescence dissymmetry factor (gEL) > 0.3. The handedness of circularly polarized PL/EL can be inverted by varying the active layer thickness and chiral additive loading ratio.
Spectroscopic observation and structure-insensitivity of hydroxyls on gold
Authors: Zheng Yiteng , Qi Yue , Tang Ziyu , Tan Junzhi , Koel Bruce E. , Podkolzin Simon G.
Published: February 2022

The O–H stretching vibration of hydroxyls on gold at 3691 cm−1is a qualitative indicator of gold functional properties.
Controllable assembly of Fe3O4–Fe3C@MC by in situ doping of Mn for CO2 selective hydrogenation to light olefins
Authors: Zhang Pengze , Yan Jingyu , Han Fei , Qiao Xianliang , Guan Qingxin , Li Wei
Published: February 2022

Mn in situ doped Fe3C anchored in mesoporous carbon was prepared and employed for converting CO2 to light olefins successfully. The in situ doped Mn modified the ratio of FeOx/FeCx and surface electron density, which optimized the C/H on active sites.
Amine-directed Mizoroki–Heck arylation of free allylamines
Authors: Landge Vinod G. , Bonds Audrey L. , Mncwango Thandazile A. , Mather Carolina B. , Saleh Yasaman , Fields Hunter L. , Lee Frank , Young Michael C.
Published: February 2022

The transition metal-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck reaction is a powerful method to synthesize C–C bonds, allowing access to several important pharmaceuticals.
Cytotoxic and photocatalytic studies of hexagonal boron nitride nanotubes: a potential candidate for wastewater and air treatment
Authors: Khalid Awais , Ahmad Pervaiz , Khan Abdulhameed , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Kebaili Imen , Alam Md Mottahir , Din Israf Ud , Muhammad Saleh , Razzaq Zohaib , Rehman Ibad Ur , Abbasi Habib Ahmad , Hayat Danish
Published: February 2022

Photocatalytic degradation studies of methyl orange using BNNTs.
A high-efficiency GeTe-based thermoelectric module for low-grade heat recovery
Authors: Guo Zhe , Song Kun , Wang Ruoyu , Tan Xiaojian , Chen Lidong , Wu Gang , Zhang Qiang , Sun Peng , Liu Guo-Qiang , Jiang Jun
Published: February 2022

The thermoelectric properties of GeTe (300 ∼ 700 K) are significantly improved, leading to a conversion efficiency of 8.6% with Tc = 300 K and Th = 700 K.
PEGylated amphiphilic polymeric manganese(ii) complexes as magnetic resonance angiographic agents
Authors: Liu Xiaoqin , Fu Shengxiang , Xia Chunchao , Li Mengye , Cai Zhongyuan , Wu Changqiang , Lu Fulin , Zhu Jiang , Song Bin , Gong Qiyong , Ai Hua
Published: February 2022

PEGylated amphiphilic polymeric manganese(ii) complexes demonstrated an excellent and relatively long time-window vascular imaging effect even at low dose under MRI.
Origin of the enhanced edge optical transition in transition metal dichalcogenide flakes
Authors: Huang Pu , Ma Zhuang , Wang Gui , Xiong Wen , Zhang Peng , Sun Yiling , Qian Zhengfang , Zhang Xiuwen
Published: February 2022

We reveal the enhanced optical transition at the S dimer edge of TMD flakes and provide a route to manipulate the transition eigenstates of abundant functional edge structures with applications in transition-controlled optoelectronic devices.
α-Helix stabilization by co-operative side chain charge-reinforced interactions to phosphoserine in a basic kinase-substrate motif
Authors: Batchelor Matthew , Dawber Robert S. , Wilson Andrew J. , Bayliss Richard
Published: February 2022

How cellular functions are regulated through protein phosphorylation events that promote or inhibit protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is key to understanding regulatory molecular mechanisms. Whilst phosphorylation can orthosterically or allosterically influence protein recognition, phospho-driven changes in the conformation of recognition motifs are less well explored. We recently discovered that clathrin heavy chain recognizes phosphorylated TACC3 through a helical motif that, in the unphosphorylated protein, is disordered. However, it was unclear whether and how phosphorylation could stabilize a helix in a broader context. In the current manuscript, we address this challenge using poly-Ala-based model peptides and a suite of circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. We show that phosphorylation of a Ser residue stabilizes the α-helix in the context of an Arg(i−3)pSeri Lys(i+4) triad through charge-reinforced side chain interactions with positive co-operativity, whilst phosphorylation of Thr induces an opposing response. This is significant as it may represent a general method for control of PPIs by phosphorylation; basic kinase-substrate motifs are common with 55 human protein kinases recognizing an Arg at a position −3 from the phosphorylated Ser, whilst the Arg(i−3)Seri Lys(i+4) is a motif found in over 2000 human proteins.
Lokale und Metastasen-gerichtete Therapieoptionen beim oligometastasierten Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Püllen Lukas , Sprave Tanja , Hadaschik Boris , Wiegel Thomas
Published: February 2022

Die Weiterentwicklung systemischer Therapiekonzepte beim metastasierten Prostatakarzinom haben in der jüngeren Vergangenheit zu einer deutlichen Prognoseverbesserung geführt. Inwieweit durch lokale und/oder gezielte Metastasen-gerichtete Therapien neben Palliation, lokaler Kontrolle und Funktionserhalt ein zusätzlicher prognostischer Nutzen besteht, war lange unklar. Für die lokale Therapie der Prostata besteht aktuell die höchste Evidenz für die Strahlentherapie und zeigt bei „niedriger Metastasen-Tumorlast“ oligometastasierter Patienten einen signifikanten Überlebensvorteil. Metastasen-gerichtete operative oder radioonkologische Konzepte zeigen ebenfalls Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Prognose auf, sind bislang aber noch unzureichend untersucht und sollten daher immer individuell und interdisziplinär diskutiert, dokumentiert und etabliert werden.
Biomechanische Parameter der Hornhaut als Biomarker beim primären Offenwinkelglaukom und Normaldruckglaukom
Authors: Pillunat Karin R. , Herber Robert , Pillunat Lutz E.
Published: February 2022

Seit der Möglichkeit, biomechanische Eigenschaften der Hornhaut in vivo vermessen zu können, ist auch das wissenschaftliche und klinische Interesse hinsichtlich einer Veränderung dieser
Parameter bei Glaukom stetig gestiegen. Diese Parameter könnten mögliche Biomarker zur Früherkennung einerseits und Hinweis auf eine gesteigerte Vulnerabilität des Gewebes hinsichtlich eines
individuell zu hohen oder schwankenden Augeninnendrucks, einer okulären Minderdurchblutung oder Perfusionsdruckschwankungen andererseits aufzeigen. Die Messung und Interpretation dieser
Parameter führt zu verbesserten individuellen Behandlungsstrategien.
arthritis + rheuma
Authors: Strangfeld Anja , Bauhammer Jutta
Published: February 2022

Liebe Leser*innen der ersten Ausgabe der arthritis + rheuma im Jahr 2022,

dieses Heft befasst sich mit Themen, welche in der Behandlung von älteren und hochbetagten Patienten von Bedeutung sind. Die zunehmende Zahl an älteren Menschen ist ein wichtiger Faktor im demografischen Wandel. Die Daten des statistischen Bundesamtes (2022) zeigen für Deutschland einen deutlichen Anstieg der über 65-jährigen Menschen von 12 Millionen im Jahr 1991 auf 18,3 Millionen im Jahr 2020. Sie stellen damit ein Fünftel der Bevölkerung. Eine verhältnismäßig stark wachsende Gruppe älterer Menschen sind dabei die Hochbetagten, d. h. diejenigen ab einem Alter von 85 Jahren. Ihre Zahl betrug 2020 insgesamt 2,5 Millionen. Aus dieser positiven Entwicklung erwachsen neue Herausforderungen für die Gesellschaft und speziell das Gesundheitssystem.
Gerontoorthopädie und -traumatologie bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Gaulke Ralph
Published: February 2022

Die Gerontotraumatologie und -orthopädie beinhaltet nicht nur biomechanische Gesichtspunkte, wie eine verminderte Knochenqualität, rigide Weichteile und Sarkopenie, sondern auch neurologische, wie Koordinationsstörungen, Ataxie und Lähmungen, angiologische, wie Arteriosklerose, und vor allem internistische Gesichtspunkte, wie das Herz-Kreislauf-System, Mangelernährung, Diabetes mellitus, Nieren- und Leberinsuffizienz und COPD. Auch eine Hypakusis und verminderte Sehfähigkeit erhöhen das Sturzrisiko im Alter. Neben der Prophylaxe und der konservativen Therapie hat die operative Therapie bis ins hohe Alter einen hohen Stellenwert, insbesondere bei Frakturen des proximalen Femurs, welche mit einer hohen Mortalität einhergehen. Die interdisziplinäre Therapie erzielt die besten Ergebnisse für die Lebensqualität und das Überleben dieser Patienten.
Zerebrale und liquorspezifische Besonderheiten beim primären Offenwinkelglaukom und Normaldruckglaukom
Authors: Killer Hanspeter Esriel
Published: February 2022

Neben dem Kammerwasser und dem Blut spielt auch der Liquor cerebrospinalis eine wesentliche Rolle in der Pathophysiologie des primären Offenwinkelglaukoms (POWG) und insbesondere auch beim
Normaldruckglaukom (NDG). Neben dem Liquordruck, der eine wichtige Rolle bei der Stauungspapille spielt, ist vor allem die Zusammensetzung des Liquors sowie die Fließgeschwindigkeit von
Bedeutung. Der Liquor steht sowohl mit dem Gehirn, dem Spinalkanal als auch mit dem Sehnerv im Kontakt. Bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen wird neben einer veränderten Zusammensetzung des
Liquors auch ein eine verlangsamte Flussgeschwindigkeit als möglicher pathophysiologischer Faktor beschrieben. Auch im perioptischen Subarachnoidalraum des Sehnervs sind bei Patienten mit
Normaldruckglaukom Veränderungen der Liquorzusammensetzung wie auch der Flussgeschwindigkeit beschrieben. Diese Befunde legen nahe, dass es sich beim primären POWG, insbesondere aber beim
NDG um einen neurodegenerativen Prozess handeln kann.
Profession und Professionalisierung in den Gesundheitsberufen
Authors: Klemmt Malte
Published: February 2022

Professionen sind eine besondere Form von Berufen. Verschiedene theoretische Modelle beschreiben, was Professionen von anderen Berufen unterscheidet und auch, welche Vorteile damit verbunden sind. Im Bereich der Pflege ist diese Unterteilung nicht so eindeutig. Es gibt jedoch Hinweise darauf, dass in der Berufsgruppe der Hebammen die Professionalisierung fortgeschritten ist.
Betrachtungen zur akademischen Hebammenausbildung in Europa
Authors: Vermeulen Joeri
Published: February 2022

Die Hebammenausbildung in Europa wird zunehmend akademisiert. Das hat Vor- und Nachteile: Einerseits kann dieser Trend eine stärkere Professionalisierung des Hebammenberufs antreiben. Auf der anderen Seite ist eine möglichst praxisorientierte Ausbildung wichtig, um später erfolgreich in diesem Beruf zu arbeiten. Etablierte Konzepte und erprobte Curricula zeigen, wie sich dieser Spagat meistern lässt.
Prävention ab dem ersten Milchzahn! Zahnärztliche Frühuntersuchungen und neue Fluoridempfehlung im Überblick
Authors: Geiken Antje , Holtmann Louise , Schwarz Christiane , Dörfer Christof E. , Graetz Christian
Published: February 2022

Frühkindliche Karies ist eine vermeidbare Erkrankung, die bei Kindern unter 6 Jahren weiterhin verbreitet ist. Ihre Entstehung ist multifaktoriell und zeigt in allen Altersgruppen eine starke soziale Polarisierung. Für die Prävention ist eine frühzeitige gemeinsame Betreuung der Kinder durch alle Berufsgruppen entscheidend. Dabei sollten neben Kinder-/Jugendärzt*innen und Zahnärzt*innen auch Hebammen eingebunden werden.
Gastroösophageale Tumoren
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: February 2022

Obwohl die meisten Karzinome in höherem Lebensalter auftreten, sind Senioren in klinischen Orientierungsstudien überwiegend unterrepräsentiert. Die zweiteilige GO2-Studie zeigte am Beispiel fortgeschrittener gastroösophagealer Tumoren, dass alte und gebrechliche Patienten mit einer niedriger dosierten Chemotherapie keinen Überlebensnachteil und eine höhere Lebensqualität hatten.
SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen in der Hämatologie
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: February 2022

Nach fast 2-jähriger SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie gibt es mittlerweile Studiendaten, ob und in welchem Maße Patienten mit hämatologischen Neoplasien auf die Impfung gegen das Virus ansprechen. Patienten mit akuter myeloischer Leukämie (AML) und akutem myelodysplastischem Syndrom (MDS) haben ein sehr hohes Risiko, sich mit SARS-CoV-2 zu infizieren und an der Infektion zu sterben, betonte Prof. Jeffrey Lancet, Tampa/USA, auf der ASH-Jahrestagung 2021.
2 positive Phase-III-Studien mit konsistenten Ergebnissen
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: February 2022

Die CAR (chimärer Antigenrezeptor)-T-Zelltherapie hat sich innerhalb kurzer Zeit bei intensiv vorbehandelten Patienten mit hämatologischen Neoplasien bewährt. 2 auf der Jahrestagung der American Society of Hematology (ASH) vorgestellte Phase-III-Studien zeigen jetzt, dass diese Therapie bei Patienten mit großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphomen (LBCL) bereits in früheren Stadien erfolgreich eingesetzt werden kann.
Myelofibrose
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: February 2022

Pelabresib (CPI-0610) ist ein selektiver BET (bromodomain and extraterminal domain)-Inhibitor, welcher die Expression von Genen, die bei Patienten mit Myelofibrose in den NFκB-Signalweg integriert sind, hemmt. In der Phase-II-Studie MANIFEST wurden mit dieser neuartigen Substanzklasse vielversprechende Remissionen erreicht. Die Ergebnisse für Patienten im refraktären und resistenten Setting wurden beim diesjährigen ASH Ende 2021 in einer Oral Session präsentiert.
Myelodysplastisches Syndrom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: February 2022

Das myelodysplastische Syndrom (MDS) schließt eine heterogene Gruppe von klonalen Knochenmark-Stammzell-Störungen ein, die ein erhöhtes Risiko für die Transformation in eine akute myeloische Leukämie (AML) mit sich bringen. Hypomethylierende Substanzen (HMAs) sind in der Behandlung der mit einem höheren Risiko assoziierten MDS etabliert. Bei Patienten mit niedrigerem Risiko ist der Wert der HMAs unklar. Bei einer Subgruppenanalyse der ASCERTAIN-Studie wurde jetzt die Machbarkeit und Wirksamkeit einer hypomethylierenden Behandlung auch bei Patienten mit niedrigerem Risiko festgestellt.
Nichtmetastasiertes Prostatakarzinom mit ungünstigem Risikoprofil
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: February 2022

Randomisierte klinische Studien konnten bei Männern mit M0-Hochrisiko-Prostatakarzinomen keinen signifikanten Überlebensvorteil zeigen, wenn die Strahlentherapie und Androgendeprivation um Docetaxel ergänzt wurde. Die Arbeitsgruppe um DʼAmico belegte nun aber 87 % weniger strahleninduzierte Sekundärkarzinome bei Patienten mit dem Taxan. Außerdem bestand einen Zusatznutzen für Patienten mit einem niedrigen PSA bei der Erstdiagnose.
Bronchialkarzinome und kognitive Beeinträchtigungen
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: February 2022

Tumorassoziierte kognitive Beeinträchtigungen sind beim Bronchialkarzinom häufig und können bereits vor dem Therapiebeginn vorliegen. Die pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge waren bisher weitgehend ungeklärt. Die Querschnittsstudie aus der Berliner Universitätsmedizin Charité legt den Zusammenhang mit neuronalen Autoantikörpern nahe. Patienten mit kleinzelligen und nicht kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinomen waren betroffen, wobei sich die Zielstrukturen der Autoantikörper unterschieden.
Axi-cel in der Therapie aggressiver großzelliger B-Zell-Lymphome
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: February 2022

Neue Langzeitdaten zum Gesamtüberleben (OS) über eine Dauer von 5 Jahren unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Behandlung des rezidivierten oder refraktären (r/r) diffus großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphoms (DLBCL) bzw. des primär mediastinalen großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphoms (PMBCL) mit CAR-T-Zelltherapien wie Axicabtagen-Ciloleucel (Axi-cel). In der Gesamtpopulation der in der Phase-III-Studie ZUMA-1 mit Axi-cel behandelten Patienten mit rrDLBCL betrug die 5-Jahres-OS-Rate 42,6 % (95 % Konfidenzintervall [KI] 32,8–51,9), berichtete Prof. Caron A. Jacobson, Boston, auf dem ASH 2021.
Long-COVID und Diabetes
Authors: Bornstein Stefan
Published: February 2022

Das Long-COVID- oder post-acute COVID-19 syndrome stellt eine der großen Herausforderungen der Pandemie dar, welche uns in den nächsten Jahren noch in erheblichem Umfang beschäftigen wird. Umfang, Schweregrad und Auswirkungen auf unser Gesundheitssystem lassen sich zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch gar nicht vollständig abschätzen. 10–40 % der Menschen, die mit COVID-19 infiziert waren, leiden nach derzeitigen Untersuchungen an klinisch relevanten Symptomen des Long-COVID-Syndroms 1–3. Im Vordergrund stehen chronische Fatigue, Dyspnoe und verschiedene kognitive Symptome. Erste Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass insbesondere Patienten mit Übergewicht und Diabetes ein höheres Risiko für die Entwicklung klinisch relevanter Symptome im Rahmen des Long-COVID-Syndroms haben. Diabetes kann das Auftreten von Fatigue, Muskelschwäche, Sarkopenie und mikrovaskulärer, endothelialer Schäden im Rahmen der COVID-19-Erkrankung und des sich daraus entwickelten Long-COVID-Syndroms deutlich verschlechtern. Andererseits zeigen neueste Studien, dass Long-COVID und damit verbundene wiederholte Steroidgaben zu langfristigen metabolischen Störungen beitragen können. Aus diesem Grund ist gerade bei Patienten mit Post-COVID-/Long-COVID-Syndrom ein strukturiertes Diabetesprogramm mit Rehabilitation und körperlicher Betätigung sowie einer optimalen diätetischen Führung von größter Bedeutung. Die Entfernung von Auto-Antikörpern und spezifische Verfahren der therapeutischen Apherese könnten bei einzelnen Patienten zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Beschwerden im Rahmen des Long-COVID-Syndroms führen.
Metabolische und mentale Folgen der Pandemie
Authors: Steenblock Charlotte , Ziegler Christian , Balanzew Wladimir , Barthel Andreas , Wang Jun , Licinio Julio , Bornstein Stefan
Published: February 2022

Als Hausärzte und Diabetologen werden wir in den nächsten Jahren mit den Langzeitfolgen der Pandemie zu tun haben. Neben der Viruserkrankung selbst haben die Maßnahmen zur Pandemiebekämpfung bisher noch nicht absehbare Kollateralschäden verursacht. Berichte und Studien aus allen Ländern, in denen es zu Lockdowns, Ausgangssperren, Homeoffice und Schul- bzw. Kitaschließungen kam, zeigen eine signifikante Zunahme an Übergewicht, Essstörungen, Depressionen und Angststörungen in allen Bevölkerungs- und Altersgruppen. Hierbei sind sowohl die Infizierten als auch die Nichtinfizierten betroffen. Die damit zusammenhängenden Langzeitfolgen werden unser Gesundheitssystem nachhaltig beanspruchen. Besonders bedenklich ist dabei die Tatsache, dass insbesondere die jetzige Pandemie auf die bereits vorbestehende „Pandemie“ von Übergewicht und Diabetes aufgebaut hat. Wir erzeugen damit eine weitere Zunahme der größten Risikogruppe für schwere Verläufe der Infektionskrankheiten in der Zukunft. Daher sind wir nun alle, ob im primären oder tertiären Teil der Krankenversorgungstätigkeit gefordert, dieser Post-Corona-Welle an metabolischen und mentalen Komplikationen zu begegnen. Als Ärzte müssen wir auf diese Folgen hinweisen und ausreichend Ressourcen zur Versorgung dieser dramatischen „Nachwehen“ der Pandemie schaffen. Daher ist es von großer Bedeutung, das Bewusstsein für die Schnittstelle zwischen mentalen Krankheiten, Diabetes und COVID-19 zu stärken. Da sich die Symptome von Post-COVID, Diabetes und Depression überschneiden können, besteht schließlich Bedarf an der Ausbildung von Fachpersonal in der Behandlung dieser Komorbiditäten.
The Role of Preemptive Infiltration Anesthesia in the Management of Postoperative Pain Following Septoplasty
Authors: Yener Haydar Murat , Akiner Umur , Sari Elif , Erdur Zülküf Burak , Tevetoğlu Firat , Gözen Emine Deniz
Published: February 2022

Introduction Septoplasty is one of the most common surgical procedures in rhinology practice. Two major problems encountered after septoplasty are pain and bleeding. Preoperative administration of analgesics before the surgical stimulus, which is the main concept of preemptive analgesia, decreases postoperative pain.

Objective The present study was designed to investigate whether preincisional lidocaine infiltration to the subperichondrial area during septoplasty surgery reduced or not postoperative pain and analgesic use.

Methods The present prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial was conducted on 64 consecutive patients with nasal septum deviation. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups; the study group received 2% 20 mg lidocaine/cc (n = 31), and the control group received 6 cc 0.9% NaCl (n = 33). A standard questionnaire was given to each patient to mark his or her pain score between 0 and 10 at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th hours.

Results The mean and the range of visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of the patients in the study group at the 1st, 3rd, 12th, and 24th hours were 4.03 ± 3.08 (0–10); 3.42 ± 2.39 (0–8); 2.97 ± 2.22 (0–8); 2.87 ± 2.61 (0–9); and 1.94 ± 2.06 (0–9) respectively. The mean and the range of VAS scores of the patients in the control group at the 1st, 3rd, 12th, and 24th hours were 4.12 ± 2.7 (0–10); 3.45 ± 2.4 (0–10); 2.94 ± 2.7 (0–10); 2.79 ± 2.34 (0–10); and 1.5 ± 1.8 (0–6), respectively. The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference among the groups.

Conclusion The preemptive local anesthetic administration to the incision area and under the mucoperichondrial flap before septoplasty does not decrease the level of postoperative pain.
Mapping the impact of subsoil constraints on soil available water capacity and potential crop yield
Authors: Tilse Mikaela J. , Bishop Thomas F. A. , Triantafilis John , Filippi Patrick
Published: February 2022

Context The depth-to a constraint determines how much of the soil profile, and the water it contains, can be accessed by plant roots. Information describing the impacts of soil constraints on available water capacity (AWC) and yield is important for farm management, but is rarely considered in a spatial context. Aims and methods The depth-to three yield-limiting constraints (sodicity, salinity, and alkalinity) was mapped across ∼80 000 ha in northern New South Wales, Australia using machine learning and digital soil mapping techniques. Soil AWC was calculated using soil data and pedotransfer functions, and water use efficiency equations were used to determine potential yield loss due to the presence of soil constraints. From this, the most-limiting constraint to yield was mapped. Key results One or more constraints were found to be present across 54% of the study area in the upper 1.2 m of the soil profile, overall reducing the AWC by ∼50 mm and potential yield by an average of 1.1 t/ha for wheat and 0.8 bales/ha for cotton. Sodicity (Exchangeable Sodium Percentage > 15%) was identified as the most-limiting constraint to yield across the study area. Implications The simplification of multiple sources of information into a single decision-making tool could prove valuable to growers and farm managers in managing soil constraints and understanding important interactions with available water and yield.
Exogenous application of spermidine mitigates the adverse effects of drought stress in faba bean (
Authors: Abid Ghassen , Ouertani Rim Nefissi , Ghouili Emna , Muhovski Yordan , Jebara Salwa Harzalli , Abdelkarim Souhir , Chaieb Oumaima , Ben Redjem Yosr , El Ayed Mohamed , Barhoumi Fathi , Souissi Fatma , Jebara Moez
Published: February 2022

In Tunisia, drought stress is a major environmental factor limiting crop production and causing relatively low and unstable faba bean yields. In the present study, we explored the putative role of spermidine (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM) in ameliorating the effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000, −0.58 MPa) in faba bean seedlings. Drought stress reduced photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll and relative water content in leaves of faba bean variety Badii. Moreover, drought increased proline, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content by inducing reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide) generation in leaves. However, applying spermidine increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase. The results show that the application of spermidine especially at a rate of 1.5 mM effectively reduces oxidative damage and alleviates negative effects caused by drought stress. In addition, exogenous spermidine increased the expression of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes’ genes (VfADC, VfSAMDC and VfSPDS), and reduced the expression of VfSPMS suggesting that exogenous spermidine can regulate polyamines’ metabolic status under drought challenge, and consequently may enhance drought stress tolerance in faba bean. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that some drought responsive genes (VfNAC, VfHSP, VfNCED, VfLEA, VfCAT, VfAPX, VfRD22, VfMYB, VfDHN, VfERF, VfSOD and VfWRKY) from various metabolic pathways were differentially expressed under drought stress. Overall, these genes were more abundantly transcribed in the spermidine-treated plants compared to untreated suggesting an important role of spermidine in modulating faba bean drought stress response and tolerance.
An in-frame deletion mutation in the degron tail of auxin coreceptorIAA2confers resistance to the herbicide 2,4-D inSisymbrium orientale
Authors: Figueiredo Marcelo R. A. de , Küpper Anita , Malone Jenna M. , Petrovic Tijana , Figueiredo Ana Beatriz T. B. de , Campagnola Grace , Peersen Olve B. , Prasad Kasavajhala V. S. K. , Patterson Eric L. , Reddy Anireddy S. N. , Kubeš Martin F. , Napier Richard , Dayan Franck E. , Preston Christopher , Gaines Todd A.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Synthetic auxin herbicides intersect basic plant developmental biology and applied weed management. We investigated resistance to 2,4-D in the Australian weedSisymbrium orientale(Indian hedge mustard). We identified a mechanism involving an in-frame 27-bp deletion in the degron tail of auxin coreceptor IAA2, one member of the gene family of Aux/IAA auxin co-receptors. We show that this deletion in IAA2 is a gain-of-function mutation that confers synthetic auxin resistance. This field-evolved mechanism of resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides confirms previous biochemical studies showing the role of the Aux/IAA degron tail in regulating Aux/IAA protein degradation upon auxin perception. The deletion mutation could be generated in crops using gene-editing approaches for cross-resistance to multiple synthetic auxin herbicides.
Scaling laws in enzyme function reveal a new kind of biochemical universality
Authors: Gagler Dylan C. , Karas Bradley , Kempes Christopher P. , Malloy John , Mierzejewski Veronica , Goldman Aaron D. , Kim Hyunju , Walker Sara I.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Known examples of life all share the same core biochemistry going back to the last universal common ancestor (LUCA), but whether this feature is universal to other examples, including at the origin of life or alien life, is unknown. We show how a physics-inspired statistical approach identifies universal scaling laws across biochemical reactions that are not defined by common chemical components but instead, as macroscale patterns in the reaction functions used by life. The identified scaling relations can be used to predict statistical features of LUCA, and network analyses reveal some of the functional principles that underlie them. They are, therefore, prime candidates for developing new theory on the “laws of life” that might apply to all possible biochemistries.
Landscape of surfaceome and endocytome in human glioma is divergent and depends on cellular spatial organization
Authors: Governa Valeria , Talbot Hugo , Gonçalves de Oliveira Kelin , Cerezo-Magaña Myriam , Bång-Rudenstam Anna , Johansson Maria C. , Månsson Ann-Sofie , Forsberg-Nilsson Karin , Marko-Varga György , Enríquez Pérez Julio , Darabi Anna , Malmström Johan , Bengzon Johan , Welinder Charlotte , Belting Mattias
Published: February 2022

Significance

Cancer immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitor blocking antibodies and antibody drug conjugates, currently revolutionize cancer treatment. However, a remaining challenge is the identification of tumor surfaceome (TS) targets for the design of more rational, individualized treatments. We have developed a procedure for unbiased mapping of TS targets in glioblastoma (GBM), i.e., the most common primary malignant brain tumor that remains among the most aggressive forms of cancer, and for which attempts to find effective treatments have failed so far. The present study provides additional layers of understanding fundamental to the future development of immunotherapy strategies, as well as procedures for proteomics-based target identification aimed at a better understanding of how to harness the TS for personalized immunotherapy.
Drosophila
carrying epilepsy-associated variants in the vitamin B6 metabolism gene
PNPO
display allele- and diet-dependent phenotypes
Authors: Chi Wanhao , Iyengar Atulya S. R. , Fu Wenqin , Liu Wei , Berg Abigayle E. , Wu Chun-Fang , Zhuang Xiaoxi
Published: February 2022

Significance

Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to epilepsy. Understanding their contributions and interactions helps disease management. However, it is often challenging to study gene–environment interaction in humans due to their heterogeneous genetic background and less controllable environmental factors. The fruit fly,
Drosophila melanogaster
, has been proven to be a powerful model to study human diseases, including epilepsy. We generated knock-in flies carrying different epilepsy-associated pyridox(am)ine 5

′

-phosphate oxidase (
PNPO
) alleles and studied the developmental, behavioral, electrophysiological, and fitness effects of each mutant allele under different dietary conditions. We showed that phenotypes in knock-in flies are allele and diet dependent, providing clues for timely and specific diet interventions. Our results offer biological insights into mechanisms underlying phenotypic variations and specific therapeutic strategies.
Heritable changes in division speed accompany the diversification of single T cell fate
Authors: Plambeck Marten , Kazeroonian Atefeh , Loeffler Dirk , Kretschmer Lorenz , Salinno Ciro , Schroeder Timm , Busch Dirk H. , Flossdorf Michael , Buchholz Veit R.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Rapid clonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells is a fundamental feature of adaptive immune responses. Here, we utilize continuous live-cell imaging in vitro to track the division speed and genealogical connections of all descendants derived from a single naive CD8
+
T cell throughout up to ten divisions of activation-induced proliferation. Bayesian inference of tree-structured data reveals that clonal expansion is divided into a homogenously fast burst phase encompassing two to three divisions and a subsequent diversification phase during which T cells segregate into quickly dividing effector T cells and more slowly cycling memory precursors. Our work highlights cell cycle speed as a major heritable property that is regulated in parallel to key lineage decisions of activated T cells.
Automorphic Bloch theorems for hyperbolic lattices
Authors: Maciejko Joseph , Rayan Steven
Published: February 2022

Significance

Recent experiments in circuit quantum electrodynamics and electric circuit networks have demonstrated the coherent propagation of wave-like excitations on hyperbolic lattices. The negative curvature of space that underlies such lattices invalidates the familiar Bloch theorem of ordinary solid-state physics. In this work, we prove rigorous Bloch theorems for hyperbolic lattices through the identification of appropriate periodic boundary conditions. Unlike the ordinary Bloch theorem for crystalline lattices, our hyperbolic Bloch theorem is generally nonabelian in nature and involves infinitely many Brillouin zones for a single lattice. Our work initiates a chapter in band theory and establishes deep connections between condensed matter physics and algebraic geometry.
Kurarinone alleviated Parkinson's disease via stabilization of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in animal model
Authors: Sun Cheng-Peng , Zhou Jun-Jun , Yu Zhen-Long , Huo Xiao-Kui , Zhang Juan , Morisseau Christophe , Hammock Bruce D. , Ma Xiao-Chi
Published: February 2022

Significance

To date, no cure or preventative treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) has yet been developed. Here, we show that kurarinone, a natural flavonoid, alleviated parkinsonism-like symptoms induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice. Using a proteomics approach, we identified the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) as a possible target of kurarinone’s reduction of neuroinflammation. This was supported using complementary biochemical approaches, which demonstrated that kurarinone is a high nanomolar uncompetitive inhibitor of sEH. Our findings suggest that natural products could attenuate the development of PD through inhibition of sEH.