bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Audit quality and the cost of debt in private firms: evidence from the Brazilian sugarcane industry
Authors: Manoel Aviner Augusto Silva , da Costa Moraes Marcelo Botelho , Santos David Ferreira Lopes , Pündrich Gabriel Pereira
Published: July 2021

Evidence is mixed regarding the economic benefits achieved by companies hiring large firms to audit their financial statements. The studies approaching this theme concentrate mostly on public companies in developed markets, while the effect on private firms in emerging markets is still an open question. This research explores this gap by analyzing whether private firms in the Brazilian sugarcane industry audited by a Big 4 have a lower cost of debt than those audited by a non-Big 4. For that, a unique, hand-collected, dataset was used. This paper contributes to the literature by providing evidence of the role of audit institutions in an environment lacking studies on private firms’ financial reports, especially in emerging economies. The empirical analysis does not indicate that the cost of debt is negatively influenced by the verification of financial statements by a high-quality auditor. Banks and credit unions, as the primary funding sources of the industry, condition the cost of debt reduction to the levels of tangibility, leverage, and profitability. We also contribute to the literature by demonstrating that lenders may have other soft information sources, obtained through banking relationship, which may substitute higher-quality auditor. The results hold after robustness checks and endogeneity concerns.
Сhanges of the Structure Indicators and the Salinity Field Average Value in the Sea of Azov
Authors: Spiridonova E. O. ,   Kerch State Maritime Technological University (KSMTU), Kerch, Russian Federation, Panov B. N. ,   Azov-Black Sea Branch ("AzNIIRKH") of FGBNU "VNIRO", Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Purpose. The work is aimed at continuing the started in the previous papers investigations of structure of the Azov Sea salinity field based on the oceanographic survey data collected since 2000. Interest in studying this parameter is conditioned by its anomalous increase after 2006. Methods and Results. The data of 49 seasonal oceanographic surveys carried out in the Sea of Azov by the Azov-Black Sea Branch of "VNIRO" ("AzNIIRKH") from 2001 to 2016 permitted to calculate the following: the radii in the concentration region of the field spatial correlation function in the meridional and zonal directions for the surface and bottom layers (the characteristic of the field homogeneity); the ratio between these radii; the sea-average values of salinity field for the surface and bottom layers. The time graphical and the paired correlation analyses of the calculated indicators’ series were done. The average values of the meridional and zonal radii of the concentration region of the spatial correlation function (42.5 and 47.1 km) testify presence of two relatively isolated zones in the sea related to the water circulation. These zones are formed under the conditions of the eastern winds dominating in the region. The average values of the above-mentioned radii the near-bottom sea layer were approximately equal, whereas in the surface layer, the average zonal radii exceeded the meridional ones. In spring and summer, the meridional radius in the bottom layer surpassed the zonal one. Long-term variability shows that in the surface layer, the meridional radius values tend to increase, and in the bottom layer, the zonal radius ones – to decrease. These trends demonstrate a change in the nature of water exchange in the sea, namely from predominance of the zonal transport to that of the meridional one. Conclusions. Since 2006, the changes in the structure of the Azov Sea water salinity field (trends towards decrease of the zonal radii and increase of the meridional ones in the concentration region of the field spatial correlation function) resulted from decrease in the river water inflow and increase of water exchange with the Kerch Strait, and were accompanied by growth of average salinity. Water exchange with the Kerch Strait in the bottom layer was the most active in spring and summer. The anticipatory shift of the field structural characteristics by 1 and 2 years relative to its average values makes it possible to forecast them with a two-year advance time.
Fake Braces by Quacks In Malaysia: A Major Concern
Authors: Mohd Nor Nor Azlida , Wan Hassan Wan Nurazreena , Mohd Yusof Zamros Yuzadi , Mohamed Makhbul Mohd Zambri
Published: July 2021

Dental quackery has been a problem for decades and is becoming a major concern in many countries, including Malaysia. Recent development of a new service offered by quacks in Malaysia is “fake braces”, which alarmed dental professionals. The fake braces appear similar to the professionally fitted orthodontic appliances comprising of archwires that are secured on brackets by coloured ligatures except they are fitted by unqualified individuals who have no formal clinical training. In addition, the orthodontic materials and dental equipment used for this illegal service were substandard and unregulated. Therefore, such fitted appliances are harmful to the teeth and oral health. Efforts to record the extent of fake braces practice and its oral health consequences have been challenging as they are marketed through the social media, and the victims were either reluctant to come forward or did not know the appropriate channel to file a complaint to the health authority. This paper aims to highlight typical presentation of fake braces, modus operandi of fake braces providers, the harmful effects of fake braces on the patient’s oral health, the role of social media advertising in promoting fake braces, and the impacts to the illegal providers.
The Newspaper and Other Markers of the Information World in the Novel Oblomov by Ivan Goncharov
Authors: Pyrkov Ivan V.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the artistic functions of the image of newspaper in the novel by I. A. Goncharov Oblomov and the comprehension of moral and philosophical results of the confrontation of protagonist with the profane information challenges of the external environment. Particular attention is paid to the semantic content of the Oblomov paradigm – the information world, interpreted taking into account the rich experience of Goncharov's work in the newspaper editorial field. The author of the article proves that one of the central tenets in the moral and philosophical concept of the writer is the preservation of humanity. The dialogues of heroes and the clash of their positions show that humanity in Oblomov's understanding echoes the corresponding understanding of it by Goncharov, revealing the complex and multifaceted worldview of the writer. The study outlines the evolution of attitudes towards the information model in Russian classical literature and examines the issue of the proportionality between external inertia and internal dynamics characteristic of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. A hypothesis is put forward about the intense spiritual life of Oblomov, the expediency of pronouncing the name of Pushkin by the protagonist is deciphered.
Self-praise and Positive Self-assessment in Chekhov’s Plays
Authors: Makarova Veronika A.
Published: July 2021

This paper applies Speech Act Theory towards an investigation of the use and role of self-praise/positive self-assessment in the texts of three Chekhov’s plays: The Seagull, Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard. The findings conducted with manual coding of texts for the speech acts of self-praise/positive self-assessment suggest that Chekhov employed self-praise for a number of textual and character-building functions. In particular, self-praise functions as a literary device to identify less likable characters as well as to provide a chance for more likable characters to stand up for themselves against injustice and provocation. The self-praise/positive self-assessment comes in mitigated and aggravated forms. Mitigation is mostly achieved through grammatical or phrasal means, as well as semantically through self-criticism, whereby the only form of aggravation observed in the data was other-criticism/other-derogation. Specific forms of a positive self-assessment likely unique to Chekhov’s plays are ‘linguistic brags’, i.e., contextually unjustifiable switches to French and Latin as well as ‘generational’ positive self-representation in Three Sisters. The results suggest that investigations of speeh acts in dramas could be productive for literary theory, as they shed more light on the characters development as well as the genre mastery of the playwright.
On “Works” by Nikolai Solovyov Being Prepared at the IWL RAS
Authors: Shcherbakov Viktor I.
Published: July 2021

This article is an announcement of the future collected works by Nikolai Ivanovich Solovyov (1831–1874), literary critic, publicist and art theorist of the 1860s. A brief history of the issue is presented, main achievements of the predecessors in the elaboration of Nikolai Solovyov’s literary heritage are indicated, a brief outline of his literary activity is given, and an attempt is made to present Solovyov’s main ideas. The collected works of Soloviev (in three volumes) being prepared at the Department of Russian Classical Literature of the IWL RAS will be the first scientific publication of his works. This edition will include all the literary-critical, historical-literary, journalistic, polemical, philosophical articles by Solovyov, as well as the most significant popular science works of historical and general cultural interest. In addition to the texts originally published in periodicals, later versions of articles from the author's collection Art and Life (1869) will also be presented, for which a special section is intended. The edition will be provided with a scientific commentary and an annotated name index. The first volume of the edition will begin with an introductory article, which will include an essay on the life and literary activities of Solovyov (by Viktor Shcherbakov). At the end of the article, the basic principles of preparation of the future edition are outlined.
The Decembrists in the Epic Representation of L. N. Tolstoy and N. A. Nekrasov
Authors: Gulin Alexander V.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the most ambitious attempts in Russian literature of the 19th century to create an epic work on the material of the Decembrist movement and the fate of its participants made by L. N. Tolstoy in the genre of novel and by N. A. Nekrasov in the genre of poem. The study of main stages of Tolstoy's work on the unfulfilled plan of the Decembrists and Nekrasov's work on the poem Grandfather and the cycle of poems “Russian Women” allows to conclude that Tolstoy and Nekrasov, creating their epic works in prose and verse, came to extremely dissimilar results. Tolstoy’s psychologically deep sketches and hot and sometimes melodramatic pathos of Nekrasov’s poems formed in many ways contrasting artistic worlds. Tolstoy's moral search in the failed novel presupposes the resolution of social contradictions in the field of a kind of “religion of feeling” and causes a grandiose “side effect” — the creation of the epic novel War and Peace. Nekrasov’s poems, following the journalism of A. I. Herzen, laid the foundations of the Decembrist myth and the cult of the Decembrists as martyrs of the revolutionary faith. The hypothesis is put forward that Tolstoy's failure to work on a novel about the Decembrists and the low artistic viability of Nekrasov's “Decembrist” poems are explained by the lack of a basis for truly epic creativity in the historical material.
The Metabolism and Excretion of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor [14C] Cetagliptin in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Lu Jinmiao , Bian Yicong , Zhang Hua , Tang Dong , Tian Xusheng , Zhou Xinyi , Xu Zengyan , Ding Juping , Yu Qiang , Xiong Yating , Gu Zheming , Yu Zhen-wen , Ding Jinsong
Published: July 2021

Aims: The metabolism and excretion of teneligliptin were investigated in
healthy male volunteers after a single oral dose of 100mg/50μCi
[14C] cetagliptin. Methods: Plasma, Urine, and feces were collected
at regular intervals from six healthy male volunteers, and were analysed
for total radioactivity, unchanged cetagliptin and metabolites profile.
Results: The highest concentrations in plasma (Cmax) were achieved at
0.75 h postdose. Approximately 53.13% of plasma AUC of total
radioactivity was accounted for by parent drug. By 336 h after
administration, 91.68% of the administered radioactivity was excreted,
and the cumulative excretion in the urine and faeces was 72.88% and
18.81%, respectively. Each metabolite plasma AUC was not higher than
2.93% of plasma AUC of total radioactivity. Four metabolites were
detected at trace levels, and it involved hydroxylation (M436-1 and
M436-3), N-sulfation (M500), and N-carbamoyl glucuronidation (M640B).
These metabolites were detected also in plasma, urine, and feces at low
levels, except that metabolite M640B was not detected in feces. No
metabolite was observed with >10% of parent compound
systemic exposure after oral administration. There were no apparent
treatment-related clinically relevant changes in vital signs and
clinical laboratory tests. Conclusion: Unchanged cetagliptin was the
most abundant radioactive component in all matrices investigated. The
primary route of excretion of radioactivity was via the kidneys. There
were no major metabolites in plasma. Cetagliptin is a promising DPP-4
inhibitor for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Youngest reported case of liver injury related to Ashwagandha
Authors: Waller Simran , Wong Tsz Ho , Dannenhoffer Robert
Published: July 2021

20 y/o male with history of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in remission, anxiety,
and depression, presented with chills, fatigue, nausea, pruritus, greasy
stools, and dark urine.He had started Ashwagandha supplemntation based
on recommendations by his psychiatric provider. After discontinuation,
his symptoms resolved illustrating the herbs potential to cause
cholestatic jaundice.
Coefficient bounds in the class of functions associated with $q$-function theory
Authors: Piejko Krzysztof , Sokół Janusz , Trabka-Wieclaw Katarzyna
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we use the concept of $q$-calculus in geometric
function theory. For some $\alpha$,
$\alpha\in [0,1)$, we consider
normalized analytic functions $f$ such that
$f’(z)/{\rm d}_qf(z)$ lies in half-plane
$\{w:\mathfrak {Re}\
w>\alpha\}$ for all $z$,
$|z|< 1$. Here ${\rm
d}_q$ is the Jackson $q$-derivative operator well-known in the
$q$-calculus theory. The paper is devoted to the coefficient problems
of such functions for real and for complex numbers $q$. Coefficient
bounds are of particular interest, because of them some geometrical
properties of the function can be obtained.
The liquid-liquid flow dynamics and droplet formation in a modified step T-junction Microchannel
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Ling Si Da , chen zhuo , Ma Wenjun , Xu jianhong
Published: July 2021

The droplet generation mechanism in the step T-junction remains unknown,
especially for the transition stage from dripping to jetting . In this
work, the droplet generation mechanism was systematically investigated
in a novel modified step T-junction. We found that under different fluid
regimes, different factors take action. In dripping regime, the
interfacial tension dominated the formation mechanism when the
surfactant concentration was controlled below micelle concentration
(CMC). In jetting regime, our experimental results showed that the
influence of the surfactant concentration on the size of generated
droplets was rather negligible while the phase ratio indeed determined
such a parameter. In the dripping-jetting transition stage, an abnormal
increase of droplet size was observed despite the increase of continuous
phase flow. To the best for our knowledge, it is the first study to
report generation mechanism in modified step T-junction from dripping to
jetting regimes.
Optimistic Leadership for the 21st Century and Beyond
Authors: Techo Vincent
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes a future-driven leadership theory — the optimistic leadership theory — suitable for leading global organizations in the 21st century and beyond. The author argues that a new leadership approach is needed for these organizations due to the complexities that come with globalization, including the high need for knowledge and experience, distance decay, and cultural amalgamation. Five leadership approaches (Visionary Leadership, Differentiated Leadership, Servant Leadership, Flexible Leadership, and Reflective Leadership) are identified as the components of optimistic leadership. Following a review of the rare literature on these five leadership approaches, they are found to constitute the best determinants of successful future-driven leadership. There is an overlap of some approaches and some are within other leadership theories such as transformational leadership. A model of optimistic leadership is suggested, and a test based on the variables is proposed.
Peter Drucker’s Principles, Philosophies, and Practices
Authors: Rao M.S.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to explore Peter Drucker’s principles, philosophies, and practices. Knowledge workers and thought leaders are explained and knowledge and wealth are differentiated. The paper advises how everyone can excel as a knowledge worker and implores the augmentation of a knowledge pipeline. It outlines competencies for 21st -century managers and offers a strategy in an unpredictable world. Despite rapid changes in technology, the impact of Drucker’s ideas is shown to endure as his ideas on humanity, technology and prosperity are still relevant today. This article outlines his leadership lessons and equips the reader with his fundamental management tools. Drucker’s resonance reveals that individuals are mortal and ideas are immortal. The discourse substantiates that Peter Drucker is more relevant today and his ideas and insights continue to inspire the world, calling upon management thinkers, scholars, and practitioners to keep his legacy alive and carry it forward to build a better world. Research Limitations/Implications: The manuscript covers knowledge workers and management applying objectives from Peter Drucker’s perspective
Clinical case of acute hepatitis caused by parvovirus B 19
Authors: Sobolevskiy K. V. , Otmakhova I. A. , Gadirova B. Ya. , Zueva Zh. E.
Published: July 2021

Parvovirus infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases in the world. Parvovirus В19 can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations with possible long-term viral persistence. Infectious erythema, arthropathy, fetal infection, and blood cell aplasia are the most common manifestations of parvovirus infection. A case of diagnosis and treatment of a rare variant of parvovirus B19 infection that occurred as acute hepatitis is presented.
Mutations of NRG4 Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Related Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Li Yangyang , Jin Li , Jiang Feng , Yan Jing , Lu Yan , Yang Qing , Zhang Yi , Zhang Hong , Yu Hairong , Zhang Yuemei , He Zhen , Zhang Rong , Yang Jianjun , Hu Cheng
Published: July 2021

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), an adipose tissue–enriched endocrine factor,
participates in adipocyte-to-hepatocyte communication, eliciting beneficial
metabolic effects in non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we evaluate the physiological roles of Nrg4 in humans and unravel
the role of NRG4 variants in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and related
metabolic disorders. We identified two rare missense mutations—p. R44H and p.E47Q— in the NRG4 EGFL
domain by whole exome sequencing in 224 severely obese subjects and exome genotyping
in 2,388 subjects from Shanghai Obesity Study. The over-expression animal models showed
wild-type (WT) Nrg4 could attenuate high-fat diet-induced hepatic lipogenesis
and improve energy metabolism. Nrg4 E47Q enhanced the protective effect, whereas
Nrg4 R44H lost this function. Unlike Nrg4 R44H, Nrg4 E47Q activated the phosphorylation
of ErbB4 and negatively regulated the de novo lipogenesis via the
ErbB4-STAT5-SREBP1C pathway. The surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed
a higher affinity of E47Q Nrg4 than WT to bind ErbB4, while R44H showed no binding. In conclusion, the study suggests
that genetic variations in NRG4 could produce mutant proteins with
aberrant functions, and impaired or enhanced Nrg4 function could either be a
risk factor or protective factor for NAFLD and associated metabolic disorders.
The Dynamics Of The Atmospheric Pollutants During The Covid-19 Pandemic 2020 And Their Relationship With Meteorological Conditions In Moscow
Authors: Chubarova N. Ye. , Androsova Ye. Ye. , Lezina Ye. A.
Published: July 2021

The relationship between the dynamics of the atmospheric pollutants and meteorological conditions has been analyzed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Moscow in spring, 2020. The decrease in traffic emissions during the lockdown periods from March 30th until June 8th played an important role in the decrease (up to 70%) of many gaseous species and aerosol PM10 concentrations and in the increase of surface ozone (up to 18%). The analysis of the pollutant concentrations during the lockdown showed much smoother diurnal cycle for most of the species due to the reduced intensity of traffic, especially during rush hours, compared with that before and after the lockdown. The specific meteorological conditions with low temperatures during the lockdown periods as well as the observed smoke air advection have made a considerable contribution to the air quality. After removing the cases with smoke air advection the decrease in concentration of many pollutants was observed, especially in NOx  and PM10. The analysis of Pearson partial correlation coefficients with fixed temperature factor has revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between the Yandex self-isolation indices (SII), which can be used as a proxy of traffic intensity, and daily concentrations of all pollutants, except surface ozone, which has a statistically significant positive correlation with SII caused by specific photochemical reactions. In situations with SII>2.5 more favorable conditions for surface ozone generation were observed due to smaller NOx and the higher O3 /NOx ratios at the same ratio of VOC/NOx. In addition, this may also happen, since during the Arctic air advection, which was often observed during the lockdown period, the growth of ozone could be observed due to the downward flux of the ozone-rich air from the higher layers of the atmosphere.
Radon Hazard In Permafrost Conditions: Current State Of Research
Authors: Puchkov Andrey V. , Yakovlev Evgeny Yu. , Hasson Nicholas , Sobrinho Guilherme A. N. , Tsykareva Yuliana V. , Tyshov Alexey S. , Lapikov Pavel I. , Ushakova Ekaterina V.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we review both practical and theoretical assessments for evaluating radon geohazards from permafrost landforms in northern environments (>60º N). Here, we show that polar amplification (i.e. climate change) leads to the development of thawing permafrost, ground subsidence, and thawed conduits (i.e. Taliks), which allow radon migration from the subsurface to near surface environment. Based on these survey results, we conjecture that abruptly thawing permafrost soils will allow radon migration to the near surface, and likely impacting human settlements located here. We analyze potential geohazards associated with elevated ground concentrations of natural radionuclides. From these results, we apply the main existing legislation governing the control of radon parameters in the design, construction and use of buildings, as well as existing technologies for assessing the radon hazard. We found that at present, these laws do not consider our findings, namely, that increasing supply of radon to the surface during thawing of permafrost will enhance radon exposure, thereby, changing prior assumptions from which the initial legislation was determined. Hence, the legislation will likely need to respond and reconsider risk assessments of public health in relation to radon exposure. We discuss the prospects for developing radon geohazard monitoring, methodical approaches, and share recommendations based on the current state of research in permafrost effected environments.
Technological Practices of Embodiment Reflected in Jeanette Winterson’s Fictional Framing of Posthuman Subjects
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, Preda Alina
Published: July 2021

Focusing on The PowerBook and The Stone Gods, this article explores the ways in which Jeanette Winterson articulates the interconnections between consciousness and memory, delineates their role in identity formation and reveals how posthuman subjects’ practices of embodiment work to undermine both heteronormative and anthropocentric worldviews. The technologically inscribed bodies of the characters portrayed in these two novels, together with Winterson’s rhizomatic conceptualization of space and her vertical figuration of time, allow for the time-travelling endeavours of e-storyteller Ali/x and of Robo-sapiens-cum-Robo-head Spike. Such fictional entities prompt investigations into the essence of social-material encounters, of subject-object interdependence, of matter-energy vitality, of interaction and intra-action, of reflexive thought and of self-configuration.
Estimación sexual en restos óseos de cazadores-recolectores de Patagonia central argentina: contrastación de métodos morfométricos con análisis paleogenéticos
Authors: Millán Ana Gabriela , Tamburrini Camila , Parolin Laura , Dahinten Silvia , Gómez Otero Julieta , Suby Jorge
Published: July 2021

En el presente trabajo se comparan los resultados de la estimación de sexo en restos óseos humanos antiguos de individuos adultos de la Patagonia central argentina (N=42) a partir de dos métodos: por una parte, el estudio de estructuras de la pelvis, el cráneo, el húmero, el fémur y la tibia; por otra, el análisis molecular de secuenciación masiva (Next Generation Sequencing), mediante herramientas bioinformáticas validadas para ADN antiguo. Los resultados mostraron que la concavidad subpúbica y el arco ventral de la pelvis, el proceso mastoides del cráneo y las fórmulas propuestas por Béguelin para fémur y húmero ofrecen las estimaciones del sexo más confiables en esta muestra de restos humanos arqueológicos de Patagonia central. Por el contrario, las estructuras de la tibia y el ancho bicondilar del humero y el fémur ofrecen resultados significativamente diferentes o con bajas asociaciones a los obtenidos por métodos moleculares. Futuros análisis deberán enfocarse en estudios similares en esqueletos de subadultos.
Esthetic outcome and oral health-related quality of life after restoration with single anterior maxillary implants
Authors: Yildirim Bengisu , Koca Cansu
Published: July 2021

Background/Aim: To evaluate the esthetic outcome of single implant restorations and the correlation of these esthetic results between patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Material and Methods: 15 patients with single-tooth implants in the anterior maxilla region were included in this study. Patients were clinically followed to evaluate the esthetic outcomes of implant prostheses and photographs of the implant site were obtained using a digital camera. A researcher evaluated the photographs according to the pink esthetic score/white esthetic score (PES/WES) index. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire including 13 questions to evaluate their satisfaction with the overall implant and restoration treatments using by visual analogue scale (VAS). OHRQoL was evaluated by patients with the questionnaire Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Results: The mean PES/WES was 13.6. In Ohip-14 questionnaire, the questions were answered 'never' generally. The mean VAS score was 9.01±0.9 and ranged from 7.6 to 9.7. There was no correlation between VAS and PES/WES (p= 0.484), similarly, there was no correlation between OHIP-14 and PES/WES (p= 0.763). Conclusions: All of the implant restorations' PES/WES scores were clinically acceptable. Professionals evaluated the esthetic outcome more suspicious than patients. Patients were satisfied with the esthetic results.
Existentially closed Leibniz algebras and an embedding theorem
Authors: Zargeh Chia
Published: July 2021

In this paper we introduce the notion of existentially closed Leibniz algebras. Then we use HNN-extensions of Leibniz algebras in order to prove an embedding theorem.
Gradedness of the set of rook placements in A

n−1
Authors: Ignatev Mikhail V.
Published: July 2021

A rook placement is a subset of a root system consisting of positive roots with pairwise non-positive inner products. To each rook placement in a root system one can assign the coadjoint orbit of the Borel subgroup of a reductive algebraic group with this root system. Degenerations of such orbits induce a natural partial order on the set of rook placements. We study combinatorial structure of the set of rook placements in An−

1 with respect to a slightly different order and prove that this poset is graded.
Conservative algebras of 2-dimensional algebras, III
Authors: Arzikulov Farhodjon , Umrzaqov Nodirbek
Published: July 2021

In the present paper we prove that every local and 2-local derivation on conservative algebras of 2-dimensional algebras are derivations. Also, we prove that every local and 2-local automorphism on conservative algebras of 2-dimensional algebras are automorphisms.
Actions of the additive group Ga
on certain noncommutative deformations of the plane
Authors: Kaygorodov Ivan , Lopes Samuel A. , Mashurov Farukh
Published: July 2021

We connect the theorems of Rentschler [18] and Dixmier [10] on locally nilpotent derivations and automorphisms of the polynomial ring A
0 and of the Weyl algebra A
1, both over a field of characteristic zero, by establishing the same type of results for the family of algebras

A
h

=

〈

x
,
y
|
y
x
−
x
y
=
h

(
x
)

〉

,

{A_h} = \left\langle {x,y|yx - xy = h\left( x \right)} \right\rangle ,

, where h is an arbitrary polynomial in x. In the second part of the paper we consider a field 𝔽 of prime characteristic and study 𝔽[t]-comodule algebra structures on Ah
. We also compute the Makar-Limanov invariant of absolute constants of Ah
over a field of arbitrary characteristic and show how this subalgebra determines the automorphism group of Ah
.
Using the PIV Techniques in the Expertise of Gas Explosions
Authors: Vlasin Nicolae Ioan , Găman George Artur , Ghicioi Emilian , Floarea Gheorghe Daniel , Șimon-Marinică Adrian Bogdan
Published: July 2021

Given the possibilities offered by PIV systems, it was considered appropriate to test them in the study of the formation of explosive atmospheres. In this sense, within the INCD INSEMEX Petroșani laboratories, a test stand was created subject to the conditions of applying PIV techniques. Thus, this stand was built of transparent materials, having the possibility to introduce, in the inner volume, the suspended particles and the combustible gas, being at the same time able to be sectioned by the light plane generated by a laser source and to provide the recording conditions using a CMOS camera. The physical experiments concerned both the situation of a normal atmosphere inside the test stand and the situations of the appearance of a fuel gas leak and an efficient source of initiation of the formed explosive atmosphere.
A methodology to develop a regional franchising strategy
Authors: VELIEVA Flora N.
Published: July 2021

Subject. This article discusses the strategy-related patterns concerning the development of the franchising system as an effective tool for business development.
Objectives. The article aims to organize approaches to the evaluation of regional brands and trademarks promising for development under the franchise model, and develop a regional franchising strategy.
Methods. For the study, I used analysis and synthesis, logical and systems approaches, and the theoretical generalization method.
Results. The article offers an original rating of the subjects of the Russian Federation promising for the development and implementation of franchise offers, and a pattern of the company's development strategy based on the model of franchising.
Conclusions. For the franchise network to be successful, it is necessary to carefully develop a strategy for regional franchising development.
Fertility incentives in the Arctic regions of Russia
Authors: TORTSEV Aleksei M. , STUDENOV Igor' I.
Published: July 2021

Subject. This article analyzes the State programmes of the Russian Arctic regions aimed to implement natalist policies.
Objectives. The article aims to identify and classify the tools to stimulate birth rate in the areas that are fully or partially within the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
Methods. For the study, we used general scientific and statistical analysis methods, and the graphic visualization technique.
Results. The article describes the fiscal, organizational, and economic tools to stimulate fertility in the regions of the Russian Arctic. The article notes the insufficient use of the available set of fertility incentives in the Arctic regions, as well as the lack of a systematic approach to their implementation.
Conclusions. It is necessary to improve the State regional programmes of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation in terms of a more complete and comprehensive use of birth rate stimulating tools.
ANALISIS KAPASITAS SALURAN DRAINASE TAMAN CIBODAS TANGERANG
Authors: Supiono Tirto Wijaya , Sutandi Arianti , Kurniawan Vittorio
Published: July 2021

Flood is a natural disaster which is caused by various factors and causes many losses. In Cibodas Park, Tangerang, especially Sangiang Jaya Village, it is recorded that it experiences flooding almost every year. This study aims to determine the factors that cause flooding in the area under study and provide a solution. The analysis carried out includes secondary and tertiary channels, which will be calculated by the Manning method to determine the discharge value of each channel, and then will be compared with the discharge value due to the maximum rainfall that occurs. Based on the calculation 36 of the 137 channels reviewed were not able to accommodate the discharge from rainfall that occurred during the 2 year return period. After analyzing it, it can be concluded that the flood in Taman Cibodas Tangerang, especially Sangiang Jaya Village, was caused by the lack of capacity of the existing channel to accommodate the discharge caused by the maximum rainfall. The solution for this is to redesign the existing channel, namely increasing the width and depth of the unsafe channel, as well as routine maintenance of the existing channel. ABSTRAKBanjir adalah sebuah bencana alam yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor-faktor dan menimbulkan banyak kerugian. Di Taman Cibodas Tangerang khususnya Kelurahan Sangiang Jaya tercatat mengalami banjir hampir pada setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya banjir pada daerah yang diteliti serta memberikan solusinya. Analisis yang dilakukan mencakup saluran sekunder dan tersier, yang akan dihitung dengan metode Manning untuk mengetahui nilai debit dari setiap saluran, dan kemudian akan dibandingkan dengan nilai debit akibat curah hujan maksimum yang terjadi. Berdasarkan perhitungan  36 dari 137 saluran yang ditinjau tidak mampu menampung debit dari curah hujan yang terjadi selama periode ulang 2 tahun. Setelah dianalisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa banjir di Taman Cibodas Tangerang khususnya Kelurahan Sangiang Jaya disebabkan oleh kurangnya kapasitas saluran eksisting untuk menampung debit yang disebabkan oleh curah hujan maksimum. Solusi untuk hal tersebut adalah melakukan desain ulang pada saluran yang ada yaitu memperbesar ukuran lebar dan kedalaman saluran yang tidak aman , serta pemeliharaan saluran yang ada secara rutin.
Operations SOP: How to Organise COVID Vaccination for 200-Person Educational Institutions / Small Organisations
Authors: Vasanth K Pooja , Banerjee Dwaipayan
Published: July 2021

This document details the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) which can be followed by any small organisations/educational institutions/ apartment complexes (approximately up to 200 individuals) for organising an on-site COVID-19 vaccination drive for their staff, students, residents and family. The sections detail the basic design and process workflow that can be planned within the premises to ensure elimination of unproductive waiting time on one hand and also provide maximum safety for all beneficiaries from chances of cross transmission of COVID-19 infection. The document captures details about the manpower planning, zone demarcations and roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, which can be used as a guideline for setting up similar initiatives. The COVID-19 safety protocols have also been covered to ensure adherence of processes as a safeguard against infections. A section has been added at the end on lessons learnt, which provides an insight on how to further improve the existing process and account for additional aspects which need to be considered for an improved experience and enhanced safety.
Efecto de la aplicación de la hormona Giberelina en el crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo de Maracuyá (Passiflora edulis) establecido en la vereda Fátima del municipio de La Plata, Huila
Authors: Paya Herrera Leydy Daniela , Perdomo Medina Damaris , Quinchoya Penna Diana Katherine
Published: July 2021

El cultivo de maracuyá (P. edulis) hace parte de un importante sistema productivo del Huila, es por esto que en el presente proyecto se propuso evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de la hormona giberelina en el crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo de maracuyá establecido en la vereda Fátima del municipio de La Plata (Huila); el diseño experimental consistió en dos tratamientos, diferenciados así: un grupo testigo (T1) y otro grupo experimental (T2) al cual se le aplicó una dosificación de 0,075 gramos de ácido giberélico (ACIGIB 10 SP®) luego de la poda de limpieza del cultivo. En campo se realizó seguimiento a variables como: número de flores y frutos, y en laboratorio se midieron parámetros físicos-químicos como: peso del fruto (gr), solidos solubles totales (°Brix), acidez titulable (%) y pH; todos ellos con un tamaño de muestra (n=10) escogidas aleatoriamente. Con los resultados obtenidos, se realizó un Anova simple para determinar si cada uno de los tratamientos propuestos (contemplados como factor), tuvieron un efecto significativo sobre las variables de respuesta (peso del futo, SST, AT y pH), con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Estos análisis se realizaron utilizando el programa Statgraphics Centurión XVI. Los resultados mostraron que para las variables: N° de flores y frutos, SST y pH no hubo diferencias significativas. Entre tanto, para las variables peso de la pulpa y porcentaje de acidez, si se encontraron diferencias significativas, obteniéndose que en T1 el peso de la pulpa fue de 102,5g frente al T2 con un peso de 134,94 g, y en porcentaje de acidez T1 (3,41 %) y T2 (4,05%) pudiendo verse una ligera ventaja de aquellas plantas que fueron tratadas con la hormona, aspecto clave para el control de calidad de los frutos para su posterior comercialización.
ENTREPRENEURIAL LEARNING IN THE CONTEXT OF FAILURE AND CREATION OF NEW BUSINESS
Authors: Dias Tania Regina Frota Vasconcellos , Martens Cristina Dai Prá , Lacerda Fabrício Martins
Published: July 2021

This research aims to describe the career and the entrepreneurial learning of micro-enterprises owners that identified new opportunities after the business failure. The methodology consists of a qualitative and exploratory study, with a cross-section approach and longitudinal perspective. Two entrepreneurs participated in the study, selected by convenience and availability, based on established criteria. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The dates were analyzed using content analysis. The study shows that new knowledge emerged from a learning journey in the context of business failure. It is learning about yourself, persistence, and resilience to succeed in new activities; about business and failure, flexibility to change the focus; on networks and relationships, as experience working with partners, employees and establish a network with the business partners; and on business management, to learn to minimize risks, because they understand that you must have a minimum knowledge of the market. During the development of new business, there is a predominance of exploration to transform the experience into entrepreneurial knowledge.
The Effect of Field Heat Reduction Methods on Fresh and Processing Qualities of Red and Russet Potato Cultivars
Authors:   San Luis Valley Research Center, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University,  0249 East County Road 9N, Center, Colorado 81125, USA, Jayanty Sastry S. , Emragi Esam , Holm David G.
Published: July 2021

The effect of three field heat reduction methods, including temperature lowering stepwise (TLS), temperature lowering gradually (TLG), and temperature lowering immediately (TLI), after harvesting on the quality of Russet Norkotah 3 and red skin numbered line CO 07102-1R potatoes were investigated. The tubers were analyzed at harvest (0 time), when they reached 3 °C, and after 6 months of storage at 3 °C for physiological weight loss, firmness, wound healing, total phenolics content, reducing sugars, and color of french fries. The results indicated that weight and firmness losses were lower under the TLS reduction method after 6 months of storage than TLG and TLI methods. The weight loss in TLS is 12%, TLG 14% and TLI 17% in CO 07102-1R whereas Russet Norkotah TLS is 4%, TLG 6%, and TLI 8% respectively. Wound healing was more effective using the TLS reduction method, especially in Russet Norkotah 3. French fry color was lighter at harvest (USDA grade 0), while there were no differences in the color of French fries prepared from tubers stored under the TLS and TLG methods (both had USDA grade 2). French fries were darker for tubers from the TLI method (USDA grade 4). The total phenolic content and reducing sugars were significantly increased in the TLI field heat reduction method. Keywords: Potato, Storage management, Wound healing, Weight loss, French fry
Usefulness of Procalcitonin in Diagnosing Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vangaveti Venkat , Heyes Oliver , Jhamb Shaurya , Haleagrahara Nagaraja , Malabu Usman
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Infected diabetic foot is the leading cause of hospital admissions for people with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) causes high morbidity and significant mortality. Current diagnostic tests for DFO are either expensive, invasive, or of low diagnostic yield. Objective. The objective of the study was to determine whether serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT), an inflammatory marker, differ between DFO and diabetic foot ulcers without osteomyelitis (ie, cellulitis) as controls. The authors also aimed to assess the usefulness of PCT in diagnosing DFO. Methods. A case-control study was designed comparing DFO with diabetic foot cellulitis as the control. Patients were classified as having osteomyelitis and cellulitis based on the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot diagnostic criteria. Serum inflammatory markers PCT, adiponectin, C-reactive protein-1, osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were analyzed in patients with DFO and controls. Results. The median serum procalcitonin was significantly higher in the DFO group 108.5 pg/mL (range, 65.0–124.0 pg/mL) compared with 57.0 pg/mL (range, 37.2–77.0 pg/mL) controls (P = .02). Procalcitonin had a sensitivity of 79% compared with 50%, 63%, 66%, and 75% for adiponectin, OPG, OPN, and IL-6, respectively. Procalcitonin had a specificity of 70% compared with 50%, 71%, 70%, and 64%. Receiver operator characteristic curves showed a value of area under the curve of 0.73 and 0.77 for PCT and IL-6 compared with 0.4, 0.6, and 0.6 for adiponectin, OPG, and OPN, respectively. Conclusions. In this study, procalcitonin was a useful diagnostic test for DFOs and provided distinct diagnostic discrimination between DFO from cellulitis. It may serve as a useful marker for diagnosing DFO. Further studies in a larger population are needed to verify the findings.
Türk modernleşme tarihi sürecinde Adalet Partisi bağlamında muhafazakâr siyaset arayışı
Authors: TANSİ Deniz
Published: July 2021

Adalet Partisi (AP), tanımlanmamış Türk tipi muhafazakarlık açısından önemli bir konum teşkil etmektedir. Pek çok hükümet kuran AP, bir yandan 27 Mayıs 1960 askeri müdahalesi sonrası, DP’nin devamı olmak, siyasal mücadele verirken, askeri vesayet ve yeni kurumların etkisi bir yandan da “eski DP’lilerin affı” başlığında DP kadrolarının baskısı arasında kalmıştır. AP’nin muhafazakâr siyasetteki konumu ise 1960’lı yıllarda planlı kalkınma, hızlı sanayileşme, kendi siyasal iktidarında düşük enflasyon, yüksek kalkınma hızı ile, belirginleşen sosyal sınıflar, sanayi burjuvazisi-küçük ve orta ölçekli burjuvazi arasında yaşam tarzı, gelir dağılımı farkı arasında ayrımlardan doğan; Milli Nizam Partisi (MSP), Milli Selamet Partisi (MSP), Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (MHP) unsurları çerçevesinde belirlenmiştir. 1980’deki 24 Ocak kararları ile neoliberal bir ekonomik programa oturmuş, muhafazakarlığı Batı’daki benzerleri gibi, 12 Eylül sonrasında, kapatılmasının ardından, geleneği devam ettiren partilere yansıtmıştır. Süleyman Demirel’in siyasal kişiliği de bu zeminde vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma tarihsel süreç, modern siyaset bilimi bağlamında ele alınmış, muhafazakarlığı AP bağlamında, muhafazakâr siyasetin doğduğu İngiltere örneğiyle karşılaştırmalı olarak çözümlemeyi ortaya koymuştur.
Diskriminant analizi ve C5.0 algoritması ile finansal başarısızlığın tahmini: BİST Kobi Sanayi Endeksi’ndeki işletmeler örneği
Authors: BARDİ Şenol , CAN Ahmet Vecdi
Published: July 2021

Bu makalede Diskriminant Analizi ve C5.0 Karar Ağacı Algoritması kullanılarak veri seti kapsamındaki işletmeler için finansal başarısızlık risk modeli geliştirilmesine çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamına Türkiye’de KOBİ ölçeğinde faaliyet gösteren sanayi işletmeleri dahil edilmiştir. Finansal başarısızlık kriteri olarak, “işletmenin üst üste iki ve/veya daha fazla yıl mali dönemi zararla kapamış olması” esas alınmıştır. Bu kritere göre, BİST’e kayıtlı olup KOBİ Sanayi endeksinde yer alan işletmeler arasından 20 finansal başarılı ve 20 finansal başarısız işletme seçilmiştir. Seçilen işletmelerin 2014-2020 yılları arasındaki finansal verileri/oranları kullanılmıştır. Verilere diskriminant analizi ve C5.0 karar ağacı algoritması uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda diskriminant analizi için geliştirilen modelin test seti doğruluk oranı %85,7; C5.0 algoritması için ise bu oran %100 olarak bulunmuştur. Diskriminant analizinde finansal başarısızlığın belirlenmesine pozitif katkı sağlayan değişkenlerin aktif devir hızı ve brüt kâr marjı olduğu; negatif katkı sağlayan değişkenlerin ise firmaların yaşı ile finansal kaldıraç oranı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. C5.0 karar ağacı algoritmasında brüt kâr marjı düşük, finansal giderlerin satışlar içindeki payı ve kaldıraç derecesi yüksek olan firmaların finansal başarısız oldukları anlaşılmıştır. Aynı şekilde, brüt kâr marjı yüksek, finansal giderlerin satışlar içindeki payı ve kaldıraç derecesi düşük olan firmaların finansal başarılı oldukları görülmüştür.