bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological Nutrient Removal from Simulated Domestic Wastewater in Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Jin Yun Xiao , Yao Jun
Published: June 2012

A lab-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) was developed to treat domestic wastewater. After one year’s operation, the results were obtained as follows: when the reaction carried out in 3 h, COD removal efficiency approached or reached the maximal value, up to 90%. The nitrification process of NH3-N needed 4 h, and NH3-N removal efficiency reached the maximal value. Moreover, according to the variation of TN , NO3--N and NO2--N concentration in the nitrification and denitrification process, when NH3-N degraded to zero or the minimal value, just two cycles ending, it means that the SBBR system completed the nitrification and denitrification process.
Characteristic Analysis of SCR Flue Gas Denitrification Catalyst in Power Plant
Authors: You Kun Kun , Ma Xiao Cheng , Liu Jian Tao , Zeng Xian Ping , Ren Jian Xing
Published: June 2012

SCR is the main denitrification technology in thermal power plant at moment. The catalysts whose performance directly influences the effect of the De- NOX are the key to SCR flue gas De-NOX system. The principle of SCR system, the effect factors of process, the types of SCR catalysts and their characteristics in reaction are introduced. The characteristics and application of different SCR catalysts are compared and analyzed.
Comparison of Luffa Cylindrical Sponge and Plastic Sponge as Carriers in Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor for Sewage Treatment
Authors: Wang Ying Zhang , Zhang Shang Hua , Pang Chang Qing , Li Jie
Published: June 2012

Luffa cylindrical sponge and plastic sponge were used as carriers in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) for sewage treatment in this paper. The removals of suspended solid (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N in sewage were studied. The average removal efficiencies of SS, COD and NH3-N with luffa cylindrical sponge were 96%, 89% and 90%, respectively, while these with plastic sponge were 94%, 83% and 80%, respectively. As a natural, cheap and environment friendly biocarrier, luffa cylindrical sponge was easy to get a biofilm with enriched microbes during the first few days of sewage treatment. It was much more suitable as a carrier than the plastic sponge for SBBR.
Study of Effect on Soil Salinity and Respiration Intensity by the Straw Compost
Authors: Feng Xin , Zhou Xiao Fei , Pei Yu Hang , Ge Yan Hui , Xie Yu Hong
Published: June 2012

After the straw fermentation and add in soil for pot experiment, analysis of the soil pH, salinity, respiration intensity, and the relationship between soil pH and respiration intensity, salinity and respiration intensity before and after pot, concluded: pot under experimental conditions help to reduce soil pH and salinity, increase soil respiration intensity, soil pH, salinity and soil respiration intensity trends reverse. Experimental results show that the conditions for the experimental group 19-27 are more conducive to low soil pH and salinity, increase soil respiration intensity, and to improve soil properties, making it suitable for crop growth.
Cr(VI) Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Using Weak Base Epoxy Anion-Exchange Resin as Adsorbent
Authors: Ma Hong Mei , Zhu Zhi Liang , Cheng Yong Qian
Published: June 2012

In this study, 701 weak base epoxy anion-exchange resin was used as a low-cost adsorbent to remove Cr(V) from the light polluted water. To optimize its usage, the influences of pH, contact time, resin dosage and coexisting ions were investigated. Adsorption process was found to be highly pH dependent. The optimum pH range for adsorption of Cr(VI) was found to be between 6 and 8. The necessary time to reach adsorption equilibrium is about 20min. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applicable to the adsorption process and their constants were evaluated. It was found that the Langmuir model yields a much better fit to the data compared with that of the Freundlich model.
Current Situation and Outlook on Biological Treatment of Wastewater in Metallic Mine
Authors: Liu Si Qing , Song Bao Xu , Zhang Min , Wang Wan Ping
Published: June 2012

Wastewater in mining and concentration operations is of high acidity, and contains a vast array of heavy metal ions, and some organic compounds. Biological treatment of the wastewater in some metallic-ore mines and concentrators are reviewed. There is a fast development of biological process from fundamental research to large scale commercial application in the past 20 years. Compared with other processes, biological process has an excellent performance without secondary pollution, including its wide pH application range, small investment and low operational cost. Biological process is still a promising process in treating wastewater for mining industry.
Degradation Characteristics of a Microbial Consortium on Direct Fast Scarlet 4BS
Authors: He Fang , Obara Aya , Wang Shi Long , Wang Li Guo
Published: June 2012

High-effective decolorization microbial consortium was isolated and selected by enrichment and optimizing combination decolorization experiments. The optimal microbial consortium consisting of a fungus P6 and a bacterium H5 could use Direct Fast Scarlet 4BS as sole source of carbon and energy. The microbial consortium showed a significant improvement on dye decolorization rate under shaking culture that might be attributed to the synergetic reaction of single strains. This study also examined the kinetics of 4BS decolorization by immobilized microbial consortium. The results demonstrated that the activity of microorganisms inside the immobilized beads can be increased remarkably and the dependence of specific decolorization rate on 4BS concentration could be described as a typical first-order reaction kinetic model. The changes of proliferation and distribution of microbial consortium in gel beads were microscopically observed, which could be used for analysis of decolorization mechanism of 4BS.
Degradation of O-Chlorophenol in a Micro-Electrolysis Contact Oxidation System
Authors: Yu Da Wei , Guan Xiao Tong , Li Liang , Yang Xu Peng
Published: June 2012

The characteristic and mechanism of o-chlorophenol degradation in a micro-electrolysis contact oxidation system has been investigated．The degradation rate of o-chlorophenol is higher in acid solution than that of in neutral or alkaline solution．Addition of activated carbon can make the degradation of o-chlorophenol easier by the surface contact catalysis．The dissolved oxygen in solution can take part in the electrode reaction and intensify the degradation of o-chlorophenol. Most intermediate products are 1,2-Benzenediol, glycerol, oxalic acid and acetic acid. By the analysis of intermediates for degraded o-chlorophenol, the possible degradation pathway of o-chlorophenol has been proposed.
Degradation of Trichloromethane by the Combination of UV Irradiation and Peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Guan Ying Hong , Ma Jun , Li Xu Chun , Fang Jing Yun , Guo Peng
Published: June 2012

Trichloromethane (TCM) is a harmful halogenated organic compound usually used in the industry and a typical disinfection by-product in the water treatment with the use of chorine as disinfectant. The degradation of TCM by peroxymonosulfate combined with UV irradiation at λ= 254 nm (UV/PMS) was investigated. Results showed that TCM was efficiently degraded by UV/PMS and about 80% of TCM was decomposed when the concentration of PMS was 0.5mM. Radical-scavenging experimental results indicated that both HO• and SO4•- might contribute to the degradation of TCM. However, HO• might first be captured by PMS to form SO5•- and then partly decomposed into SO4•-, which might react with TCM. The increased concentration of PMS led to the increased removal efficiency of TCM. Whilst, the efficiency was little affected by initial concentration of TCM, indicating that there might be competition reaction with TCM degradation for radicals.
Effect of Low Concentration Cyanide on Startup of Expanded Granular Sludge Bed for the Treatment of Tapioca Starch Wastewater
Authors: Zhao Ling Kui , Li Xiao Ming , Mo Chuang Rong , Zhang Chao Lan , Cui Wen , Xie Ting
Published: June 2012

In this investigation, An Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) was used to treat tapioca starch wastewater containing low concentration cyanide and the influence of cyanide concentration on the startup of EGSB reactor was conducted. On the condition of 13.4h of HRT, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and cyanide concentration varied, The EGSB performance was assessed in terms of COD, pH, alkalinity, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane variation during the process. The results showed that cyanide was harmful to the anaerobic bacteria of the granular sludge in EGSB reactor for the treatment of tapioca starch waster, as the cyanide concentration was at 15mg/L, COD removal efficiency for cyanide free wastewater nearly 90%, however the efficient dropped to 80% with increasing cyanide concentration up to15mg/L; the methane production was nearly 200mg/L with cyanide concentration and dropped to a value of 2mg/L for 15 mg/L cyanide; and methanogenic activity decreased; while the influent VFA was increased, at an cyanide concentration of 0 and 5mg/L, the concentration of VFA was maintained below 100.00mg/L, but it was higher than 600mg/L in most of the cases with influent cyanide concentration of 15mg/L; SEM observation of the granules showed the predominance of Methanosaeta. sp. and the obvious damage of the bacteria located on the surface or in the inner part of some granules, leading to a deterioration of granular sludge settling velocity, and even some granules washed out.
Electrochemical Degradation of Acid Blue 41 on Ti/Sb-SnO2 Anodes
Authors: Zhang Xiao Xing , Niu Na , Wang Ya Qiong , Xu Wen Lin
Published: June 2012

The electrochemical degradation of the wastewater of acid blue 41 was studied with Ti/Sb-SnO2 as an anode in which the Sb-SnO2 coating was prepared with a polymeric precursor method. The conversion of acid blue 41 was carried out under galvanostatic control. The effects of current density, initial concentration of acid blue 41 and the concentration of supporting electrolyte on color removal, COD removal and instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) were investigated. The experimental results show that the color removal and COD removal enhance with increasing current density, but ICE decreases. Acid blue 41 can firstly be oxidized by the destroying the conjugated chromophore group and it is difficult that the intermediates produced during the degradation process of cid blue 41 is further degraded.
Levels and Distributions of Six Toxic PAHs in the Urban Air of Dalian, China During Heating Periods
Authors: Zhu Xiu Hua , Zhou Cheng Zhi , Ran Ran , Wang Zhen , Ma Xin Dong , Li Xiao Xiao
Published: June 2012

Superscript text
Superscript textThe concentration of six potential carcinogenic compounds (3-Methylcholanthrene, Dibenz(a,h)acridine, Dibenz(a,i)acridine, Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene, Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene, Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene ) in the urban air of Dalian, China were monitored from November 2009 to March 2010 with active high-volume sampler. They were detected in gaseous phase and particulate phase, respectively. The total concentration of them was 563.2 pg m-3, and they were mainly found in particulate phase with the concentration of 540.5 pg m-3 while the concentration in the gas phase only was 22.7 pg m-3. The concentration of them changed apparently in different month.
Mass Balance and Isotope Characteristics of Mercury in Two Coal-Fired Power Plants in Guizhou, China
Authors: Li Zhong Gen , Feng Xin Bin , Li Guang Hui , Yin Run Sheng , Yu Ben
Published: June 2012

Mercury distribution and stable isotope composition in solid samples of two coal-fired power plants in Guizhou province were determined. Results shown electrostatic precipitator (ESP) has mercury removal efficiency between 29.53% to 58.41%, and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) between 12.29% to 58.60%, mercury removal efficiency of ESP and WFGD mainly depends on the coal properties. Most mercury (70% to 88%) in coal was captured by the combination of ESP+WFGD. Mercury in fly ash and gypsum were much heavier in isotope composition compared to the coal, hints mercury escaped into atmosphere was enriched in lighter mercury isotopes.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Simulated Wastewater with Aquatic Macrophytes
Authors: He Na , Sun Zhan Xiang , Zhang Yu Long , Liu Ming Da
Published: June 2012

This study focused on the comparisons between nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates from the simulated wastewater using various kinds of aquatic plants (4 emergent and 3 floating plants). Results showed that aquatic plants has a significant effect on the removal of NO3--N and TP, but has a less effect on NH4+-N. Among the four emergent plants, the order of NO3--N removal capacities was: S. sagittifolia > S. tabernaemontani > T. latifolia > A. calamus. But for TP, the order was: T. latifolia > A. calamus > S. tabernaemontani > S. sagittifolia. To the floating plants, the order of NO3--N and TP removal capacities were: E. crassipes > P. stratiotes. The ANOVA analyses showed that there was a significant difference between planted treatments and unplanted treatment for the removal of NO3--N and TP. The study suggests that the treatment of simulated wastewater using the aquatic macrophytes was effective in the removal of nutrients.
Numerical Simulation of Gasoline Vapor Adsorption
Authors: Huang Wei Qiu , Cai Dao Fei , Bai Juan , Shi Li
Published: June 2012

The process of gasoline vapor adsorption by an activated carbon or a silica gel was simulated using Aspen Adsorption Simulation software and the adsorption isothermal model of the expanded Langmuir. Meanwhile, an experiment of the dynamic adsorption of gasoline vapor was designed. Two key parameters in the dynamic adsorption process, i.e., the vapor concentration from the adsorption bed and the temperature change in the bed, were calculated and ,measured, respectively. The simulation results agreed well with the experimental data. This showed that the simulation method using the adsorption isothermal model is suitable for the research and design of gasoline vapor adsorption process.
Performance of Soil-Plant Systems in Agricultural Pollutants Removal in Surface Runoff
Authors: Huo Wei Jie , Zhou Huai Dong , Liu Ling Hua , Wu Jia Peng
Published: June 2012

Simulated runoff was conducted on self-designed soil bins to compare the effectiveness of 6m treating systems consisting of contrast system(bear soil),soil-tall fescue system and soil-alfalfa system in reducing SS, NO3--N,NH4+-N,TDP and PP. The concentration reductions were greater in soil-plant system compared with contrast. Vegetation type (Tall fescue and alfalfa) had somewhat affection on contaminant removal. The mean concentration reductions of SS, NO3--N,NH4+-N,TDP and PP reached 86.61%,25.83%,52.03%,26.53%and 76.59% under tall fescue, which were slightly higher than Alfalfa. However, the load reductions of alfalfa neared to that of tall fescue due to more water detained, which made Alfalfa show the same potential in runoff clarification as tall fescue. The removal efficiency of NO3--N and NH4+-N decreased significantly with increasing concentration, while the changes of SS ,PP and TDP were much smaller, which meant the conditions of vegetation and soil in this study were not enough to deal with NO3--N and NH4+-N increasing, and the ground roughness could bear SS and PP increasing. Most SS and PP were trapped in first 2m and it was ineffective to increase the runoff distance beyond 4m for removal. The reduction of resolved compound occurred uniformly along the runoff and it related with runoff extension distance linearly.
Physiological Response of Lolium perenne to Petroleum Pollution and Removal Efficiency in Petroleum-Polluted Soil
Authors: Zhang Xiang Sheng , Kang Yi Jun , Xu De Jun
Published: June 2012

Pot experiments under controlled conditions were conducted to study the physiological response of influence of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) to petroleum pollution and to evaluate the removal efficiency of hydrocarbon pollutants. The morphological and physiological characteristics such as height, root length, weight, chlorophyll content, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) were investigated. Our results indicated that, due to crude oil pollution stress, the growth and antioxidant enzymes were inhibited more or less with increased crude oil concentrations, but ryegrass also showed resistance to crude oil pollutants and good potential in crude oil bioremoval. This study lays a preliminary foundation on phytoremediation of crude oil pollution in soil.
Prediction of Soot-Water Partition Coefficients for Persistent Organic Pollutants
Authors: Xu Hui Ying , Zou Jian Wei , Wang Wei
Published: June 2012

In the present study, geometrical optimization and electrostatic potential calculations have been performed at the HF/6-31G* level of theory for 25 investigated persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including ten polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), nine polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and two polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). A number of statistically-based parameters have been obtained. Linear relationships between soot–water partition coefficients (log KSC) of POPs and the structural descriptors have been established by multiple linear regression method. The result shows that the quantities derived from electrostatic potential, together with molecular surface area (AS) and the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) can be well used to express the quantitative relationships between structure and soot–water partition coefficients of POPs. Predictive capability of the model has been demonstrated by leave-one-out cross-validation with the cross-validated correlation coefficient (RCV) of 0.9797. Furthermore, the predictive power of this model was further examined for the external test set. The QSPR model established may provide a new powerful method for predicting soot–water partition coefficients (KSC) of persistent organic pollutants.
Reconstruction of Treatment Process for Papermaking Wastewater
Authors: Wang Shu Na , Wang Xia
Published: June 2012

To make full use of existing facilities , process reconstruction line is proposed including three precipitation, floatation and biological treatment after the analysis of the problems in existing treatment process of the paper-making wasterwater, The results showed that: after the reconstructive wastewater treatment system, the quality of effluent has reached the secondary standard of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-96).
Removal of a Di-Azo Dye Acid Red 73 Synthetic Wastewater by Advanced Fenton Process Based on Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron
Authors: Fu Feng Lian , Chen Zhi Hong , Wang Qi
Published: June 2012

In this study, the removal of a di-azo dye, C.I. Acid Red 73 synthetic wastewater was investigated using advanced Fenton process based on nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) that was synthesized by the aqueous phase borohydride reduction method in the laboratory. NZVI has been characterized by SEM. The influences of NZVI dosage, H2O2 concentration and initial pH value in the process of dye removal by advanced Fenton process were studied in a batch setting. The color removal efficiency was found to be decreased with increase of initial pH, and increased with increase of NZVI and H2O2 concentration. By using proposed process with NZVI dose of 0.02 g/L and H2O2 concentration of 1.0 mM, at 30 min the Acid Red 73 color removal was more than 90%.
Removal of Cd2+ from Light-Polluted Water by Weak Base Epoxy Anion-Exchange Resin
Authors: Ma Hong Mei , Zhu Zhi Liang , Cheng Yong Qian
Published: June 2012

This paper presents a study of the removal of trace Cd2+ from light-polluted water by using weak base epoxy anion-exchange resin as adsorbent. A series of experiments was conducted to examine the effects of resin dosage, contacting time and coexisting ions. In the present research, it was found that Cd2+ can be effectively removed from light-polluted water with high concentrations of alkaline and alkaline earth metals by weak base epoxy anion-exchange resin. The adsorption isotherm can be well described by Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption processes followed the first-order rate kinetics.
Removal of β-Naphthalenesulfonic Acid from Aqueous Solution Using Modified Resin
Authors: Li Ying , Li Chang Hai , Jia Dong Mei , Li Yue Jin
Published: June 2012

A newly modified resin can be impregnated with hydrated ferric oxide on the base of D301 resin. The article involved batch experiments to investigate the effect of concentration, contact time, pH and temperature. The results showed that the maximum adsorption was found at 6 h,3.0 pH and 298 K temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity was 961.95 mg/g at 1200 mg/L initial β-naphthalenesulfonic acid concentration. The equilibrium adsorption was fitted by Temkin isotherm.
Research on Bake-Out with Dilution Ventilation for Indoor Air Pollution
Authors: Lu Yang , Shu Hai Wen , Liu Jing , Li Lin Lin
Published: June 2012

Bake-out exhaust method was used to significantly accelerate the release of VOCs from building materials. This paper studies the bake-out technology with dilution ventilation for indoor air pollution by experimental works. The baking effectiveness of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and xylene ranged from 3 to 7.6, 7.6 to 25, 5.1 to 17 and 6 to 22 for the six cases, respectively. Baking effectiveness would become higher at longer baking time and higher baking temperature for formaldehyde and VOCs released from decorative materials. However, considering the possible deformation of building materials, 40°C and 10 hr would be the best choice for a suitable bake-out.
Research on Forecasting Model of Gaseous Pollutants Emission of Diesel Public Transport
Authors: Wang Xiao Ning , Ci Yu Sheng , Deng Ke , Tang Shuai
Published: June 2012

Based on the strong regularity of public transit, this paper presents analysis of influencing factors of buses gaseous pollutants emission at first. Then through separating the bus running process into several parts, a quantitative forecasting model of gaseous pollutants emission of diesel buses and a validity test of this model are manifested.
Study and Simulate the Air Pollution Based on the Finite Difference Method
Authors: Guo Yi Ni , Zhang Yan , Wang Jian , Huang Ye
Published: June 2012

The finite difference method that is the finite element method is used to solve the plane continuous problems. In this article, the theory and method of the finite difference method, as well as the application on the boundary problem are introduced. By analyzing the potential flew field equation and liquid diffusion equation, they are discreted using the difference method and the numerical analysis under certain boundary condition is conducted. In air pollution, the smoke in the diffusion is typical planar continuous problems. In this paper, the finite difference method is used to analyse and simulate the spread of the smoke.
Study on Treatment of Radioactive Wastewater by Pellet Method
Authors: Luo Xin , Gu Ping , Wang Xue
Published: June 2012

A pellet method was used to treat the radioactive wastewater in the paper. Calcium carbonate powders were used to prepare seeds, sodium carbonate was used as the chemical precipitant and the natural isotope of strontium (88Sr) was used instead of 90Sr. The strontium element was removed by forming compacted crystal particles on the seeds. The impact of temperature on seed preparation and the effect of the process were studied. After 30 cycles of operation, the calcium carbonate powders grew to larger particles and the effluent turbidity and hardness maintained stable. Therefore it was enough for 30 cycles to complete the preparation of the seeds. When the seeds were used to treat the strontium wastewater, the effluent turbidity was initially high and then declined quickly. The average effluent turbidity was 0.51NTU. The mean hardness removal efficiency was 55.24%. The strontium removal rate fluctuated and the average removal efficiency was 97.36%. Ferric chloride coagulation and micro-filtration would enhance the effect of strontium removal. The average removal efficiency could be up to 99%. The formation of pellets enhanced the sedimentation performance of the precipitates formed. The mixture was kept quiescent for 24h after the test was over. The chemical sludge concentration factor was more than 5000.
The Combined Processing Technology Research of the Naturally Purification and Artificial Wetland to Dimethyl Hydrazine Waste Water
Authors: Gou Xiao Li , Wang Xuan Jun
Published: June 2012

In accordance with the shortcoming of naturally purification processing to liquid propellant dimethyl hydrazine waste water, the paper is putting forward the combined processing technology of naturally purification and artificial wetland. Designed process flow of the combined processing technology, and the naturally purification and artificial wetland dealing with the structure of pond, and to his processing dimethyl hydrazine the effect to imitate waste water has been in progress research. The result indicates: the technology can effective remove dimethyl hydrazine and his degradation product in the waste water, and the back waste water of processing achieves the placing in proper order quota.
Comparison of Different Types of Redox Mediators on the Chemical Reduction of Azo Dye by Sulfide
Authors: Ding Ning , Huang Jin Gang , Wen Yue , Zhou Qi , Xu Yue
Published: June 2012

Azo dyes are extensively used in the industry, resulting in the large amount of wastewater. Redox mediators (R.M.) can accelerate the chemical reduction of azo dye by shuttling electrons from primary electron donors such as sulfide to azo dyes. Three different types of R.M. were studied on the enhancement of chemical reduction of Acid Orange 7. The electron shuttle ability of these types of R.M. with 2.5 mM of initial sulfide concentration at pH 7.5, either dissolved or undissolved type, followed in order by riboflavin, humic acid and activated carbon. The potential engineering application of these R.M. lie on the superior catalytic ability for riboflavin, wide existence in the environment for humic acid, and retaining in the bioreactors all the times for activated carbon.
The Effects of Estuary Dredging on Removing Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Dianchi Lake, China
Authors: Zhan Ju Hong , Deng Sha , Li Zhao Xin , Luo Yu , Zhao Ting Ting , Liu Hua Ying , Li Xiao , Pan Xue Jun
Published: June 2012

Sediment dredging is currently the most commonly selected option for getting rid of contaminated sediments. In this study, the effects of estuary dredging on removing nitrogen and phosphorus were investigated by comparing the different vertical nutrient content between the dredged and un-dredged areas in Dianchi Lake. The results showed that the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the un-dredged areas were relatively higher than that in dredged areas. Besides, the contents of bio-available nitrogen and phosphorus represented the similar results, only a few dredged spots showed a higher potential releasing capacity. Therefore, with the reduction of internal nutrient loading, it indicated that sediment dredging might be an effective and reliable way to improve such eutrophic lakes.
Treatment Textiles Wastewater Using Anoxic Filter Bed and Biological Wriggle Bed-Ozone Biological Aerated Filter
Authors: Fu Zhi Min , Zhang Yu Gao , Wang Xiao Jun
Published: June 2012

Organic polymer carrier was utilized to treat textile wastewater. Results showed that COD removal efficiency was almost 82.8%. The average effluent COD concentration was 132.6 mg/L. The effluent colority was about 200 times. Experiment indicated that ceramic granular carrier was better than polymer carrier when ultlized to treat textil wastewater.
Detection of Methanogens in Anaerobic Granular Sludge by FISH Targeting for Functional Genes
Authors: Zhang Run , Liu Chun , Li Liang , Yang Hui Na , Yang Jing Liang
Published: June 2012

Methanogens play an important role in the anaerobic digestion and production of methane, and show significant influence on the performance of anaerobic wastewater treatment process. Then the methanogens in anaerobic granular sludge samples from full-scale UASB bioreactors treating avermectin or starch wastewater were detected by FISH using 16S rRNA gene-based probe and functional gene-based probes. The results showed that the hybridization of methanogens in simultaneous FISH with mcrA gene-based and 16S rRNA gene-based probes was high coincident and the coincidence degree was about 60%-80%, implying the preferable hybridization consistency between functional gene-based probe and 16S rRNA gene-based probe. The relative abundance of methanogens obtained in FISH analysis using 16S rRNA gene-based probe seemed higher than that using functional gene-based probes, indicating that functional gene could provide more specific detection of methanogens than 16S rRNA gene probably. For functional gene-based probes, the methanogen-specificity was in the following order: mcrA＜F420＜mtr. During the development process of both granular sludge samples, the maximum relative abundance of methanogens was obtained at its mature phase using all probes. The relative abundance of methanogens in the sludge sample treating avermectin wastewater was lower than that treating starch wastewater, indicating smaller methanogenic population in the sludge sample treating avermectin wastewater due to inhibitory effect of antibiotic residue on methanogens probably.
Estimating the Sources and Transport of Nitrogen Pollution in the Ishikari River Basin, Japan
Authors: Duan Wei Li , He Bin , Takara Kaoru , Luo Ping Ping , Yamashiki Yosuke
Published: June 2012

The hybrid mechanistic-statistical watershed model SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes) was applied to estimate the sources and transport of total nitrogen (TN) in surface waters of Ishikari River Basin (14,330 km2), the largest watershed on the Hokkaido Island of Japan. The loads from atmospheric deposition, point sources and erosion are routed through the drainage network (900 streams) with first-order stream decay. Then we calibrated the model using measurements of TN from 31 monitoring sites of mixed spatial data on topography, soils and stream hydrography. The R2 and MSE are 0.82 and 0.62 separately. On this basis, the predication of TN distribution was evaluated, and the mean incremental annual TN yield was 11.61kg/ha/yr.
Evaluation of Metal Contamination in Sediments of River in Suzhou City, China
Authors: Chen Song , Gui He Rong
Published: June 2012

Heavy metal concentrations of the sediment from Tuohe river in Suzhou city, northern Anhui Province were determined, and the index of Geo-accumulation (Igeo) was calculated for evaluating the extent of the metal contamination. The principal components analysis (PCA) and correlation matrix(CM) have been used for the sources of heavy metal. The result showed: The degree of pollution arranged in the following decreasing order: Cu＞Zn＞As＞Pb＞Cr＞V, V is unpolluted, Cr, Pb and As are light pollution, Cu and Zn are moderate pollution; Cu, V and Zn mainly originate from human activities, Pb and As mainly derived from the source rock, Cr mainly derived from clay minerals and colloidal material.
Sulfur Dioxide Emission Reduction Potential of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Zhu Xiao Juan , Pan Lu Lu
Published: June 2012

Based on the statistical data of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZT) urban agglomeration from the year 2005 to 2010, the environmental learning curves of sulfur dioxide emission per 10 thousand Yuan (RMB) production value and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) were established, and sulfur dioxide emission reduction potential of these cities was analyzed. The results show that the sulfur dioxide emission per 10 thousand Yuan production value declined exponentially with the increase of per capital GDP. From the perspective of time, the sulfur dioxide emission per 10 thousand Yuan production value is declining year by year along with economical development and level of technology improvement; from the perspective of space, the city with the largest potential of sulfur dioxide emission reduction is Zhuzhou, followed by Xiangtan, and then Changsha.
The Pretreatment of Polyvinyl Alcohol Wastewater with Flocculation-Fenton Oxidation Technology Based on Fe2+
Authors: Lan Shan Hong , Wu Xiu Wen , Wang Yue Ting , Liu Ping Ting
Published: June 2012

The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) wastewater was pretreated by the process of flocculation-Fenton oxidation. Raw wastewater was treated by the different flocculants first. The results showed that when the flocculant FeSO4 was used, its effect was better than Fe2(SO4)3 and PAC, the dosage of it was 10g/L, under which COD removal efficiency reached 61.72%. The effects of FeSO4 and H2O2 addition and pH on treatment effect were studied in the follow-up Fenton oxidation. The results showed that when the addition of FeSO4 was 20g/L, the dosage of H2O2 was 250mL/L, pH was 4, the removal efficiency of COD reached over 90%. The experiments of fractionated adding the reagents showed that the removal rate of COD was significantly higher in the situation of fractionated adding FeSO4 required in the flocculation and Fenton oxidation process than one-time added. The removal rate of COD changed little when the H2O2 fractionated addition in the process of Fenton oxidation.
Determination of Lignocellulase Activity and Gene Expression Using Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical Biosensor
Authors: Wu Meng Shi , Tang Lin , Zeng Guang Ming , Lei Xiao Xia , Li Zhen , Zhang Yi , Liu Can , Li Yuan Ping , Zhou Yao Yu
Published: June 2012

Many types of electrochemical biosensors employ magnetic nanoparticles which have been surface functionalized to recognize specific molecular targets. Here the paper emphatically introduced the operation principle of biosensing magnetic nanoparticles, the overall strategy for fabricating magnetic nanoparticles-based biosensor and the latest application progress in detecting lignocellulase activity and gene expression by electrochemical biosensors.
Different Organic Resources Influence Combined Forms of Humus in Black Soil Aggregation
Authors: Li Jian Ming , Wang Wen Jun , Zhang Xian Feng , Wu Jing Gui
Published: June 2012

The interaction of soil aggregate with humic substances (HS) is important for fertility and soil carbon sequestration, So it is one of the hot issues of international affairs and Low-carbon Society. In this paper, the pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of the different organic materials on the combined states of humus in black soil. The results showed as follow: Compared with control treatment(CK), application of organic materials significantly increased content of loosely combined in>2mm and content of stably combined, but there was markedly differences among organic materials. Woody residues made loosely and unitedly and stably combined forms of humus in 1-0.5mm aggregates higher than others, at the same time, unitedly and stably combined in 0.5-0.25mm of woody residues were the highest. Animal excrement significantly increased unitedly and stably combined in 2-1mm. And herb residues enhanced stably combined in >2mm obviously. Use of animal remnant resulted in significant increase of tightly combined, whereas markedly decreased tightly combined in 2-1mm. Optical property combined forms of humus varied among organic materials.
Feasibility of a Membrane-Aerated Bioﬁlm Reactor for Wastewater on a Single-Stage Type
Authors: Zhan Shi Ping , Zhang Hong
Published: June 2012

The membrane-aerated biofilm reactor(MABR) was specially designed to evaluate its suitability for the treatment of an artificial sewage in laboratory. The paper presented the configuration of the MABR, the performance of MABR on treatment efficiencies(COD, NH4+-N, NO3--N), and the theoretical analysis on treatment efficiencies. After 60 days of operation, the effluent concentration of COD was below 50 mg/L, and the removal efficiency was above 85%; the effluent concentration of NH4+-N was below 20 mg/L, and the removal efficiency fluctuated at the range of 90%; what’s more, the MABR reach the goal of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND). Based on these experiments, the MABR was shown to be a very suitable experimental set-up for wastewater on a single-stage type.
Phosphorus Release from Different Sediments of Urban Lakes
Authors: Sha Qian , Huang Jing , Zhang Wei Hao
Published: June 2012

Sediments have a significant influence on the overlying water, and phosphorus (P) release from sediments is an important source for the lake eutrophication, particularly in shallow ones. To better understand the mechanisms of eutrophication, lakes impacted by urbanization at varying levels were investigated. The results showed TP increased continuously from the sediments of eutrophic lake, and released more with higher temperature. While phosphorous could process adsorption and desorption from sediments of mesotrophic lake. It suggested that the sediments of eutrophic lake could be the inner source of phosphorous.
Progress of the Mechanism on Cancer Induced by Pesticides
Authors: Liu Lin
Published: June 2012

Pesticides poisoning is a clinical and social problem the whole world concerning about. There is an association between agricultural work and brain cancer mortality in the world. It also suggests that pesticide exposure may play a role in such risk. We made a review on pesticides cause cancer of the mechanisms, including mechanisms of pesticides on cytotoxicity, inflammatory cytokines, and so on.
Protection of Organ on Medicine for Pesticide Poisoning
Authors: Liu Lin
Published: June 2012

Pesticides are currently used in China, the most toxic pesticides, pesticide use in China currently accounts for more than 80% of the volume, it is through the respiratory tract, skin and mucosa and digestive and other ways to absorb and rapidly cause poisoning. Chinese herbal medicine effective components have alleviated the toxic effects of pesticides, and has been widely used in clinical. The paper made a brief overview on protection of organ on medicine for pesticide poisoning research.
Recovery Uranium from Uranium-Bearing Waste Ore Using Heap Bioleaching
Authors: Wang Xue Gang , Zheng Zhi Hong , Sun Zhan Xue , Liu Ya Jie
Published: June 2012

The feasibility of heap bioleaching recovery of uranium from the one Uranium Mine deposit uranium-bearing waste ore, located in south of China, were investigated. A 4500 ton industrial heap was constructed in the waste ore dump site. The waste ore sample was crushed to -25 mm, the ore uranium grade is 0.0211%. After 146 days of performance, the slag uranium leaching rate was 55.92% that calculated by its residue has been recovered, content of uranium in residue was 0.0093%, the acid consumption rate was 2.69% by ore weight. The study has proven that recovery uranium from uranium-bearing waste ore using heap bioleaching is feasible.
Investigation of Microwave-Induced Thin-Layer Drying for Municipal Sludge
Authors: Huang He Xun , Chen Han Ping , Hu Zhi Feng , Ma Xiao Qian
Published: June 2012

Since the adverse factors such as deficient penetration and long reaction time have restricted the complete microwave-used drying of municipal sludge, the microwave-induced drying was considered which has advantages in such aspects. The investigation of the microwave-induced drying to uncover the mechanism has great meaning for its development and usage. The experiments indicated that temperature was the decisive factor affecting the drying rate. The microwave-induced sludge reached the highest drying rate at the moisture rate of 40%, with a 20% grade promotion compared with that of the original one. The molecular fracture caused by microwave radiation had obviously accelerated the drying process and the drying rate was rising in proportion to the microwave radiation dose. The diffusion coefficient of microwave-induced sludge was obviously enlarged more than 2 times grade. In this research, model Weibull proved to fit the experiment of thin-layer drying for municipal sludge best compared with the other ones.
Research on the Third-Party Recycle Operating Mode of Regenerated Resources in China
Authors: Huang You Heng , Wei Qi Hong
Published: June 2012

The third-party is responsible to recycle the regenerated resources is the main channel in China. By comparing the operating modes of the third-party recycle, this paper supposes that recycling enterprises should promote the development of regenerated industry based on the platform function of the online system, improve the recovery of the regenerated resources depends on the advantages of the dispersive recycle; and increase the recycle efficiency of the regenerated resources according to flexible management.
A Study on the Recycling of Walnut Filter Material by Cleaning
Authors: Wang Jing Chang , Du Zhong Hua , Zhao Jian Tao , Liu Chun Ming
Published: June 2012

According to production technology and the analysis of walnut shell filtering media during filtering processing in DaQing oilfield, the main pollution ingredients are crude oil, sulfide, etc. Combined with capacity and characteristics of preventing dirt of walnut shell, compound use different detergents to obtain the better detergent, including 2.10 g NaOH, 3.03 gNa2SiO4• (9 H2O), 0.93 g Na5P3O10, 1.63 g Na2CO3, 3.03 ml OP-10, 11.67 ml HO(CH2CH20)nH, 55 ml water, 3 g LAS at 60°C. Removal rate of pollutants is 98.78%. The agent solves the recycling of walnut shell filtering media, in order to apply for replacement of filter media more economically and reduce ground environment pollution.
Biogas Production from Cow Manure in an Experimental 20 m3 Reactor with a Jet Mixing System
Authors: Ren Zhi Zhong , Ning Ping , Jia Li Juan , Qu Guang Fei , Xiong Xiang Feng , Feng Hui , Zhou Cheng
Published: June 2012

Biogas was generated from cow manure in a experimental 20 m3 reactor with a jet mixing system at a temperature of 35°C. The initial concentration of TS was 5%. Several parameters was investigated to elucidate the variation law of some critical indicators in the experimental biogas systems in batch fermentation process, such as biogas production rate, biogas composition, pH, COD and VFAs concentration. It was found that the biogas production was above 0.3 m3/ kg TS under mesophilic temperature conditions, and the total biogas produced was 108 m3. The methane content in biogas was around 60% after 6 days of fermentation.COD decreased from 26,800mg/L to less than 10,000mg/L, of which 72% was converted to biogas. The concentration of VFAs decreased from 2.27g/L to around 0.8g/L, and value of the pH was stabilized between 7.36 and 7.53 after the 9th day. This anaerobic digestion system had many advantages over other conventional systems,such as stability operation, energy-saving and high substrate utilization rate, which means its application in biogas production is feasible.
Degradation of Landfill Leachate by Electro-Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactor
Authors: Yue Lin , Wang Qi Shan , Yang Jing Liang , Luo Xiao , Guo Jian Bo , Lian Jing , Wang Kai Hong
Published: June 2012

Using granular activated carbon (GAC) as electric particle electrode and heterogeneous catalyst loaded metal oxide to replace insulated particle in bipolar packing bed cell (BPBC), the electro-heterogeneous catalytic oxidation system was constructed. Adopting impregnation method to prepare γ-Al2O3 supported catalysts containing Cu and Ce, it was evenly mixed with GAC to construct packing materials. Using stainless steel as anode, porous graphite as cathode and packing materials between them, landfill leachate was treated by an electro-catalytic oxidation process and COD removal efficiency was studied. The activity of catalysts was explored, and using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the microstructure and morphology were characterized. The operating parameters such as cell voltage, initial pH, airflow and inter-electrode distance were also investigated. The results showed that when the metal ion concentration in soaking solution was 2% for Cu, 9% for Ce, the activity of prepared catalyst was the highest. Under the conditions of an applied voltage of 15.0 V, pH of 7.0, airflow of 0.08 m3/h, and an inter-electrode distance of 3.0 cm, the removal efficiencies of COD reached 92.9%. Qualitative analysis of the interim products was carried out, adopting ultraviolet-visible spectrum, and the mechanism of electro-heterogeneous catalytic oxidation reaction was discussed. The whole degradation involves two main processes: electro-oxidation and electro-coagulation.
Desulfurization and Structural Transformation Behavior of Lead Sulfate in Sodium Hydroxide Molten Salt
Authors: Han Zhao , Li Ling , Li Jie , Wang Hai Chuan
Published: June 2012

This paper is devoted to studying the desulfurization and structural transformation behavior of lead sulfate in alkaline medium. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, and raw material ratio on the desulfurization and phase transition behavior of lead sulfate in sodium hydroxide molten salt was systematically investigated through a series of experiments and analyses. The results show that lead sulfate is gradually transformed to Pb5O4SO4, α-PbO, β-PbO, and finally to Pb3O4 during roasting in sodium hydroxide molten salt at temperatures of 250°C to 550°C. At the conditions of roasting temperature 450°C, roasting time 40 minutes, molar ratio of lead sulfate to sodium hydroxide 1 : 2.6, lead sulfate can be completely converted to near-pure phase β-PbO powder. This paper provides a simple and efficient method for the recycling of waste lead acid battery, which consists mainly of lead sulfate.
Effect of Cellulase Pretreatment on Alkali-Oxygen Pulping of Bagasse
Authors: Sun Bing , Xin Wen Zhuo , Liu Yu Xin , Chen Ke Li
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the process of cellulase pretreatment before alkali-oxygen pulping of bagasse was studied. The effect of cellulase pretreatment on subsequent pulping was also researched. The results showed that some small-sized components and sugars dissolved into the effluent in the process of cellulase pretreatment. UV spectroscopy showed that there was no significant lignin content in the pretreatment effluent.It was also found that pulping properties were promoted when the cellulase dosage was 2 ECU/g pulp, in that under the same cooking conditions, pulp kappa number was decreased by 1.3 and pulp brightness was increased by 2.5 %ISO, while the viscosity of pulp also increased slightly. Moreover, the tensile index, tear index and folding endurance were increased by 8%, 7% and 30%, respectively, but burst index showed no significant change. The above results illustrated that cellulase pretreatment was only beneficial to the dissolution of sugars and fine components from bagasse and it was an effective method of promoting alkali-oxygen pulping of bagasse.
High Performance Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorbent Prepared by Abandoned Lignite Char
Authors: Yu Ying Min , Li Ru Ying , Li Qing Song
Published: June 2012

Lignite char, abandoned in Northwest China, was utilized as raw material precursor to produce hydrogen sulfide absorbent by surface modification with different methods. The absorbent was suitable for the removal of small amount of H2S in feed gas and exhibited high efficiency and recycle ability. After the modification, the physicochemical properties of lignite char were improved significantly, such as surface area, texture structure and functional groups contents and so on. The evaluation results indicated that the desulfurization performance could be increased obviously in H2S removal process after the modification. Moreover, it was an effectual way to enhance the desulfurization ability of the absorbents by loading some metal oxides, despite that could change the reaction path and was harmful to the absorbents’ regeneration.