bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akademik Pengawas Dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesional Guru PAI SD di Kecamatan Tambun Selatan
Authors: Pasha Akhmad Fajar Azzam
Published: January 2022

Effective strategy of academic supervision by supervisors can improve the professional competence of teachers. The limited number of supervisors and the extent of the target area are problems in the academic supervision. This study aims at knowing: 1) the effectiveness of academic supervision by supervisors to  improve the  professional competence of Islamic education teachers at the elementary school in District Tambun Selatan 2) the constraints faced by supervisors in conducting academic supervision, and the solution for supervisors of academic supervision that can improve the professional competence of Islamic education teachers at the elementary school in District Tambun Selatan. The results show that: 1) academic supervision conducted by supervisors in Islamic education is effective to improve the profesional competence of Islamic education teachers at the elementary school. It can be seen from the increasing in mastery of teaching materials, instructional planning,   implementation   of   learning   and   assessment   of   learning outcomes. 2) The barriers experienced by supervisors in academic supervision in Islamic education is a lack of supervisory personnel, the number of teachers that should be supervised, the lack of intensity of supervision and the lack of competence development of supervisors in Islamic education. 3) The solution of these problems are the recruitment of new supervisors, increasing the intensity of supervision at classroom visits and increasing capacity-building programs of academic supervision for supervisors regularly and continuously.

Abstrak

Strategi supervisi akademik pengawas yang efektif dapat meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru. Keterbatasan jumlah pengawas dan luasnya wilayah binaan merupakan  persoalan dalam  supervisi akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui: 1) efektivitas supervisi akademik  pengawas dalam  meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru PAI SD di Kecamatan Tambun Selatan, 2) kendala yang dihadapi pengawas dalam melakukan supervisi akademik, dan   solusi agar supervisi akademik pengawas dapat meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru PAI SD di Kecamatan Tambun Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) supervisi akademik yang dilakukan pengawas Pendidikan Agama Islam cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan Kompetensi profesional guru PAI terlihat dari meningkatnya penguasaan materi bahan ajar, perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan penilaian hasil belajar. 2) Hambatan yang dialami pengawas dalam supervisi akademik adalah kurangnya tenaga pengawas PAI, banyaknya guru yang harus dibina, kurangnya   intensitas   supervisi   dan   kurangnya   pengembangan   kompetensi supervisi akademik pengawas PAI. 3) Solusi dari kendala tersebut adalah rekrutmen pengawas baru, peningkatan intensitas supervisi kunjungan kelas dan peningkatan  program  pembinaan  kemampuan  supervisi  akademik  pengawas secara berkala dan berkesinambungan.
Determining the Impact of Gender and Racial Inequality on Diversity within Academic Anesthesiology and Surgery
Authors:   Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine - GA Campus, Yarabarla Varun , Mylarapu Amrutha , Lane-Fall Meghan
Published: January 2022

Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to determine the method of assignment of gender, race, ethnicity in studies of inequalities within academic anesthesiology and surgery Rationale: We are hoping to highlight the variability in gender, race, and ethnicity assignment in studies of professional diversity for the purposes of characterizing the strength of the evidence of such studies. Study designs to be included: Any original research including case series, cohorts, systematic reviews, etc. (Does not including commentary).
Community Knowledge and Attitude on Recognizing the Nutrients in Clay Utensils. A Cross Sectional Study.
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Nalla Narasimha Reddy Educational Society’s Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, India - 500 088., Bandigari Parijatha , Konda Mayuri ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Nalla Narasimha Reddy Educational Society’s Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, India - 500 088., Neela Swapna ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Nalla Narasimha Reddy Educational Society’s Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, India - 500 088., Manne Saritha ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Nalla Narasimha Reddy Educational Society’s Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, India - 500 088., Annaram Hareesh ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Nalla Narasimha Reddy Educational Society’s Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, India - 500 088., Kavuturi Sai Rupesh ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Nalla Narasimha Reddy Educational Society’s Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, India - 500 088.
Published: January 2022

Now a day’s people are more aware about the dangers of modern cookware made up of different metals and turned towards the traditional cookware made up of stone and clay materials. Clay utensils makes food beautiful apart from that these vessels have an Ayurvedhic and therapeutic advantage. In this project it explains about the effective usage of Clay utensils in daily life, an online survey has been successfully carried out to investigate a variety of research questions, including in clinical, academic, and administrative settings. This survey revealed that Clay pots and Clay Utensils are having more advantageous and beneficial effects on Health. Now a days are Web-based surveys are using commonly in medical research. These surveys provide rapid and accurate results with low cost and minimum errors.
Evaluation of the serum visfatin eotaxin and fetuin-A levels of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: KAYHAN KAYA Hacer , ŞERMET Abdurrahman , PEKKOLAY Zafer , TAŞDEMİR Ezel , AYGÜN KEŞİM Dilek
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the serum visfatin, eotaxin and fetuin-A levels in patients with normal BMI and overweight type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Material and Method: This study perform in 30 T2DM patients and in 20 healthy subjects. Test subjects were divided into four groups as two diabetics and two controls. Diabetics with a body mass index (BMI) of 26.2-29.9 kg/m2 were included in the overweight diabetic group (OD), and those with a body mass index of 20.9-24.9 kg/m2 were included in the normal BMI diabetic group (ND). The volunteers in the control group were also divided into two groups as overweight (OC) and normal BMI (NC). Smoking and alcohol users were not included in the study. In addition, patients with significant diabetic complications such as retinopathy, hypertension, neuropathy, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease were excluded from the study. The serum visfatin eotaxin and fetuin-A levels were measured using the ELISA method. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the data of the groups, while Spearman’s analysis was applied for the correlations.

Results: The visfatin levels of the OD and ND were significantly higher compared to those of their control groups (p
The importance of urotensin II level in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia
Authors: ÇAY Ferhat , ÇETİNKAYA Hasan Basri , DURAN Ali , KULOĞLU Tuncay , KANAT Burhan Hakan , ÜSTÜNDAĞ Bilal
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic importance of Urotensin II (UT-II) levels, which cause vasodilation as a compensation mechanism in the early phase of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia (AMI). For this purpose, human plasma urotensin was studied for the first time in the literature for the early diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia.

Material and Method: The study consisted of 60 patients. The patients were divided into three groups: Group 1: group with mesenteric ischemia (n: 20); Group 2: group with abdominal pain and with no mesenteric ischemia (n: 20); Group 3: control group with no complaints (n: 20). The blood samples were taken from the patients through peripheral venous access, and Urotensin II (UT-II), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Lactate, and D-dimer levels were measured.

Results: While a significant increase was found between Group1 and Group 2 and between Group1 and Group3 in terms of UT-II values (p0.05). A significant increase was found between Group1 and Group2 and between Group1 and Group3 regarding AST values (p0.05). There was a significant increase between Group1 and Group3 in terms of D-dimer values (p0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups concerning ALP and Lactate values (P>0.05).

Conclusion: It was concluded that UT-II could be used in the diagnosis of AMI but that there was a need for comprehensive studies investigating the changes in ischemia time-related UT-II serum levels.
Exploring radiation safety knowledge among nurses
Authors: UCAN Berna , ÇINAR Hasibe Gökçe
Published: January 2022

Aim: As part of the medical team, nurses often take part in both controlled and supervised radiation fields. For this reason, nurses need to know about radiation and radiation safety. This study is aimed to determine the knowledge level of nurses in a tertiary pediatric hospital about radiation safety through a questionnaire.

Material and Method: Within the scope of the survey conducted, the age, gender and years of experience data of the participants were collected. In addition, they have been asked whether they have received radiation safety training throughout their professional life and whether they want to receive such training now. Basic questions about radiation safety and questions to measure the general level of information about radiation are also addressed.

Results: The link of the survey was delivered to 583 nurses in the study center and 313 nurses completed the questionnaire. 53.67% of the nurses stated that they do not know the name of the beam used for x-ray imaging. 64.28% of the nurses stated that they did not receive such education in their professional life. 78.57% of all participants stated that they wanted to receive a training how to protect themselves while X-ray is being performed in their environment.

Conclusion: A significant number of nurses do not receive radiation safety training. Those who received such an education state that they are not satisfied with the training. Nurses want to receive radiation safety training. Trainings with regular and appropriate content can increase nurses’ radiation safety knowledge and awareness.
The risk of bleeding complications on percutaneous biliary drainage in patients with abnormal hemostasis
Authors: GÜNDOĞDU Hasan
Published: January 2022

Aim: To determine whether the risk of bleeding complications in percutaneous biliary drainage is higher in adults whose hemostasis cannot be corrected before the procedure than in those whose hemostasis is corrected.

Material and Method: 62 patients who underwent percutaneous biliary drainage were included in the study. Patients with abnormal hemostasis were divided into those with corrected hemostasis (group I) and uncorrected hemostasis (group II). The groups were evaluated for the presence of bleeding complications by ultrasonography, computed tomography and laboratory findings. The groups were compared in terms of age, gender, side, drainage type, and bleeding complications.

Results: Of the 62 patients included in the study, 52% (n:32) were female and 48% (n:30) were male, with a mean age of 67.6±9.6 (48-90). Age and female sex ratio were higher in Group II, which was statistically significant (p
Current of Child Sexual Abuse in Asia: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Impact, Age of First Exposure, Perpetrators, and Place of Offence
Authors: Solehati Tetti , Pramukti Iqbal , Hermayanti Yanti , Kosasih Cecep Eli , Mediani Henny Suzana
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious global problem and challenge for all people because it increases the risk of various issues.

AIM: This study investigated the CSA in Asian countries focusing on prevalence rates, impact, victim’s age of first exposure, type of CSA, perpetrator, and places of CSA offence.

METHODS: We searched PubMed, Medline, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, ClinicalKey, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and manual search for studies published between January 2011 and November 2020. Only articles related to CSA in Asia were included in this review.

RESULTS: The results showed that prevalence of CSA ranged from 2.2% - 94% for girls and 1.7% - 49.5% for boys. The prevalence rates for non-contact abuse were 12.6% - 56.5% for girls and 0.7% - 68.7% for boys; contact abuse was 5.3% - 67.2% for girls and 2.2% - 53.3% for boys; penetrating abuse was 0.5% - 88.24% for girls and 1.7% - 57.1% for boys. The findings reported most victims’ age of first exposure was preteen. The rate of the violation occurring in the victim’s house was 6.1% - 41.9%; most CSA perpetrators are known by victims. This study reported adverse impacts on CSA victims such as psychological, health, and physical disorders, and changes in behavior. In addition, other findings were found, including recovery, perceptions, values, causes, and expectations of victims of CSA.

CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of CSA in Asia is still high and the age of the first victims is early adolescence. The majority of victims are women who already know the perpetrator, and taboo cultural factors are thought to play a role in increasing CSA in Asia. The results indicate the need to develop CSA prevention efforts that involve culture.
A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from southwestern Yunnan, China
Authors: Liu Shuo , Rao Dingqi
Published: January 2022

A new species of theCyrtodactylus chauquangensisspecies group is described based on four specimens collected from the karst formations of Menglian County, Puer City, Yunnan Province, China. The new species can be separated from all other congeners by having a unique combination of morphological characters: a medium-sized body; ventrolateral folds present with interspersed small tubercles; seven precloacal pores in a continuous series in males, absent in females; enlarged femoral scales and femoral pores absent; two postcloacal tubercles on each side; and one or two rows of enlarged subcaudals. Genetically, the new species most closely related toC. wayakoneiand the uncorrected sequence divergences of the ND2 gene and its flanking tRNAs between the new species and investigated congeners range from 7.2% to 18.4%.
L’influence du soutien organisationnel perçu et de l’implication organisationnelle sur l’absenteisme dans la fonction publique territoriale
Authors: Safy-Godineau Fatéma , Fall Amar , Carassus David
Published: January 2022

Notre étude s’interroge sur l’influence du soutien organisationnel perçu et de l’implication organisationnelle sur l’absentéisme des agents territoriaux. Les résultats de la recherche montrent que le soutien organisationnel est un facteur prévenant l’absentéisme tandis que l’implication organisationnelle calculée est un facteur de risque de l’absentéisme. Notre travail suggère que l’absentéisme des agents territoriaux est le résultat de leur désaffection envers leur organisation. Cette recherche met en évidence le fait que le soutien organisationnel perçu est un levier potentiel de la lutte contre l’absentéisme et attire l’attention des managers publics sur les effets contre-productifs des pratiques d’incitations financières sur l’absentéisme. Elle montre la nécessité, pour lutter efficacement contre l’absentéisme, d’aller vers des pratiques de management éthique favorisant un environnement de travail soutenant dans lequel les agents territoriaux peuvent s’impliquer.
‘Scritptology’. The Art of Édouard Louis (re-)viewed
Authors: Letiche Hugo
Published: January 2022

Le « Je » de l’auteur des études sur les organisations et les entreprises a été accusé d’être trop rationnel, excessivement aveugle au sort des pauvres marginalisés, trop égocentrique, confortable et opportuniste. Il y a là un problème de choix de centre d’intérêt, de thèmes et de pragmatisme. Il y a également un problème lié au processus d’écriture lui-même, c’est-à-dire à la langue, au style, et au texte. On a beaucoup écrit sur l’écrit, mais très peu sur la «scriptologie» ou le processus d’écriture (Rhodes, 2019). En tant que lecteurs, nous sommes confrontés à des textes stériles, clichés et forcés, mais aussi à des textes évocateurs, crédibles et authentiques. Cet article explore l’art de la scriptologie. Il prend pour exemple les textes d’Édouard Louis sur la vie des personnes économiquement et socialement défavorisées. Si l’écriture ou la scriptologie est convaincante, authentique et puissante, a-t-elle réussi ? Je me servirai de la critique de Lacan/Zizek sur la relation entre le langage (symbolisation) et l’émancipation, comme une stratégie pour explorer la réussite de Louis. La négation par Louis du piège de la pauvreté de la « ceinture de rouille » (française) est profondément émouvante et authentique. Mais la « négation de la négation » est-elle nécessaire pour que quelque chose change ? Et qu’est-ce que cela implique pour l’écriture ? L’écriture ou la scriptologie est un aspect essentiel de « l’art de faire de la recherche » qui, jusqu’à présent, n’a pas été suffisamment exploré ; cet article se veut un pas dans cette direction indispensable.
Résistances à l’esthétisation du monde : scènes et performances
Authors: Moriceau Jean-Luc , Camargos Mendonça Carlos Magno , Paes Isabela
Published: January 2022

Lipovetski et Serroy, dans leur ouvrage paru en 2013, documentent un capitaliste artiste et une esthétisation du monde, où la compétitivité se joue sur le terrain du sensible, des affects et d’une créativité exacerbée. Le management des expériences esthétiques dans les organisations impose un partage du sensible, limitant les possibilités d’autres expériences, de prises de parole et de styles d’existence, il est en cela éminemment politique. Toutefois, n’y a-t-il pas aussi l’apparition de formes de résistance, formant des scènes de contestations et de subversion de ce management ? Selon une approche tournée vers les affects, nous étudions le cas de l’esthétisation imposée dans la ville de Belo Horizonte (Brésil) et des battles de MCs qui détournent un espace désaffecté pour le retapisser d’affects mobilisateurs et contestataires. Ces duels construisent une expérience esthétique contestant celle théâtralisée par la ville où la mise en scène de l’espace promeut au centre calme, luxe et volupté favorables à la consommation. Le contraste permet de saisir combien l’esthétisation impose un regard, l’écoute sélective de certaines voix, une occupation de l’espace, un repositionnement du public et du commun, un ordre où chacun demeure à sa place. Si l’esthétisation promeut une théâtralisation, il s’agit d’un théâtre de la représentation et non de la répétition, qui combat les scènes qui proposeraient un autre partage du sensible. Un théâtre auquel s’opposent des performances, où les corps de ceux qui ressentent n’avoir pas de voix jouent leur propre rôle et leur place. Dans une perspective bien différente de celle d’un échange d’arguments rationnels dans l’espace public, le cas nous fait découvrir une guérilla du sensible, où corps, affects, territoires et performances sont au cœur de ce qui se joue dans les villes et les organisations.
Becoming Monk
Authors: Peters Luc
Published: January 2022

L’organisation est construite sur les rudiments du monastère et de la vie monastique. La cellule y joue un rôle crucial, en tant qu’espace de contemplation et de réflexion. Cependant, selon Peter Sloterdijk, la réflexion devient problématique car la cellule monacale n’offre aucun message parce que Dieu ne répond pas. La question est de savoir si c’est également le cas pour l’organisation. En d’autres termes, la réflexion en matière d’organisation peut-elle aboutir à un effort fructueux ? Pour étudier cette question et pour avoir une idée des options possibles, je me suis retiré dans un monastère à deux occasions différentes. Cela implique de vivre avec les moines et de pouvoir contempler dans ma propre cellule. C’est ce qu’on appelle devenir moine. Les monastères dans lesquels j’ai vécu sont ceux du moine bénédictin et architecte Dom van der Laan et ceux de l’architecte et artiste Le Corbusier et du compositeur et architecte moderne Xenakis. Ces deux monastères sont des structures spécifiques car ils ont été construits comme des Gesamtkunstwerke. Cela signifie que ce n’est pas seulement la cellule qui joue son rôle mais l’ensemble de l’assemblage. A l’aide de la notion heidegerrienne de Hütten-Dasein et de la notion Serrissienne de devenir-musicien, je me suis livré à l’être cellulaire et au devenir-moine. Cette enquête révèle des informations pertinentes sur l’organisation, l’architecture, la pensée et la vie monastique.
La valeur ajoutée de l’étude précise de l’évolution de l’ecclésiologie à Vatican II afin de protéger l’héritage du concile aujourd’hui
Authors: De Mey Peter
Published: January 2022

Dans cet article, je soutiens qu’il peut être enrichissant pour les ecclésiologues d’entreprendre des recherches historiques détaillées sur l’évolution de la pensée ecclésiologique depuis Mystici Corporis (1943), la première encyclique jamais consacrée au sujet de l’ecclésiologie, jusqu’à Lumen Gentium (1964), mais aussi sur l’histoire de la rédaction des lignes importantes des documents conciliaires. Nous nous concentrons thématiquement sur l’évolution de la compréhension de l’unité de l’Église – et donc aussi sur l’évaluation de l’ecclésialité des autres communautés chrétiennes – tout au long du Concile et nous indiquerons de manière exemplaire des discussions et des sources intéressantes. Dans la dernière partie de cet article, quelques exemples montreront clairement que les ecclésiologues ont également la tâche critique de corriger les interprétations discutables de Vatican II, même lorsqu’elles sont prononcées par des instances ou des membres de la curie romaine.
Perspectives pour une ecclésiologie narrative du Peuple de Dieu
Authors: Richi Alberti Gabriel
Published: January 2022

Pour bien comprendre l’appartenance de l’Église à l’essence du christianisme, il faut recevoir intégralement l’enseignement de Vatican II sur le Peuple de Dieu, sacrement universel du salut. Cela permettra, d’une part, d’approfondir quelques implications liées à la sacramentalité de l’Église (rapport au Royaume, mission, causalité eucharistique de l’Église, centralité du christifidelis , ministère ordonné), et d’autre part, de proposer une ecclésiologie narrative qui raconte la singularité de la vie nouvelle de ce peuple.
À propos de deux idées de démocratie
Authors: Zani Gian Vito
Published: January 2022

Dans cet article, nous voulons analyser les différentes interprétations du concept de démocratie par Miguel Abensour et Friedrich A. Hayek. Dans la première partie, nous examinerons la critique de la démocratie par Hayek et sa proposition de démarchie ; dans la deuxième, le concept alternatif de démocratie insurgeante proposé par Abensour. Enfin, nous montrerons les points communs et les divergences entre les perspectives des deux auteurs afin de mettre en évidence leurs forces et leurs faiblesses et la difficulté de les enfermer dans les schémas classiques de droite et de gauche.
KANHGÁG JYKRE KAR - FILOSOFIA, EDUCAÇÃO KANHGÁG E A ORALIDADE
Authors: Refej Cardoso Dorvalino
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo, intitulado kanhgág Jykre Kar Filosofia, educação Kanhgág e a oralidade: uma abertura de caminhos, trata da organização social do povo indígena Kanhgág/RS, sua história, educação, a escola indígena e sua proposta indígena diferenciada, o bilinguismo, a inclusão e a interculturalidade. Tem como objetivo registrar a oralidade para orientar meu povo e os professores indígenas e não indígenas, que possuem interesse e atuam nas escolas indígenas ou em temáticas sobre o mundo indígena. O aporte teórico foi baseado nos escritos de outras pesquisas indígenas que escreveram sobre esta temática. Foram ouvidas as pessoas mais velhas (Ti Si Ag) e os pajés (Kujá), valorizando seus conhecimentos e suas sabedorias. Destaco a importância de um pensar indígena, abrindo a compreensão de um mundo povoado por diferentes culturas e. O mundo Kanhgág visitado, vislumbrado com outros olhares. As trocas vivências. O trabalho propôs uma abertura de caminhos, um diálogo que precisa continuar. Diálogos interculturais precisam acontecer para que novas aprendizagens possam surgir.
CIVILIZAÇÃO E PROGRESSO NO OESTE PAULISTA
Authors: Arantes Correa Rubens
Published: January 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo realizar breve panorama histórico sobre o processo de ocupação e colonização da região Oeste de São Paulo por companhias de exploração de terras e madeiras combinado ao avanço da frente agrícola cafeeira e pela expansão da rede ferroviária em direção ao chamado “sertão do Bauru” e seu impacto causado aos habitantes originários da região, dentre os quais os Kaingang que  ocupavam porções territoriais localizadas entre os rios Tietê e seus afluentes, Paraná e Paranapanema, avançando as fronteiras em direção ao Mato Grosso e ao Paraná.  Trata-se de um trabalho de retomada temática a partir da releitura de bibliografia pertinente à temática combinada com a pesquisa em jornais de época.
Identidad, convivencia y espiritualidad en una comunidad ecológica Hare Krishna
Authors: Mardones Rodolfo E. , Díaz Castillo Paula
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender la construcción de la identidad de los integrantes de una comunidad intencional Hare Krishna. Seleccionamos, como caso de estudio, una comunidad ubicada en el sur de Chile debido a su interés por el cambio personal y espiritual. Desplegamos una aproximación etnográfica que consideró observación participante, conversaciones cotidianas y entrevistas semiestructuradas con devotos Hare Krishna. Entre los principales hallazgos de la investigación identificamos que el eje articulador de la construcción de la identidad de los devotos es la actitud de servicio, la cual se traduce en un conjunto de prácticas para configurar su visión de sociedad y la relación con los otros. Concluimos que la actitud de servicio sostiene prácticas para adorar a Krishna, y al mismo tiempo busca transformar las relaciones con la humanidad, la biodiversidad y consigo mismos.
Il concetto di "beneficence" nella bioetica contemporanea
Authors: Reichlin Massimo
Published: January 2022

Vengono analizzate le principali interpretazioni del concetto di beneficenza nella bioetica contemporanea e i loro referenti filosofici. In particolare, vengono presentate le posizioni di Ross e di Frankena, che hanno avuto una rilevante influenza sulla formazione del paradigma dei principi, dominante nella bioetica anglosassone dello scorso decennio: in tale paradigma, esemplificato dal Belmont Report e dal classico Principles of Biomedical Ethics, la beneficenza è uno tra i principi fondamentali e risulta per lo più distinta dall'utilità. L'utilitarismo della preferenza propone invece un concetto di beneficenza allargata come principio assoluto e lo intende come equivalente al principio di utilità; al contrario il neocontrattualismo libertario considera la beneficenza decisamente secondaria rispetto al principio di autonomia, costitutivo della moralità. In quest'ultima posizione la figura del bene viene sostanzialmente rimossa, mentre in quella utilitaristica essa sembra assumere la forma soggettiva del benessere. Benché nel deontologismo misto il bene mantenga una qualche dimensione sostanziale, il tentativo meno insoddisfacente sembra quello operato da Pellegrino e Thomasma; questi Autori riformulano il principio di beneficenza nel tentativo di sottrarlo alla deriva paternalistica ritenuta inevitabile da molta parte della riflessione contemporanea. ln particolare, distinguono quattro livelli di predicazione del bene, in forza dei quali possono evitare l'identificazione assoluta tra principio di beneficenza e indicazioni cliniche e, d'altro canto, mantenere una reale distinzione tra beneficenza e autonomia, evitando la riduzione della prima alla mera esecuzione delle preferenze liberamente espresse dal paziente.
Chirurgia estetica e culto della bellezza nella società contemporanea
Authors: Guidantoni Ilaria
Published: January 2022

L'Autrice dell'articolo, dopo aver sottolineato le questioni etiche del ricorso alla Chirurgia plastica ricostruttiva ed estetica, argomenta la tesi secondo la quale l'ossessione per la bellezza muoverebbe da un disagio affettivo legato ad una cultura violenta ed artificiale dell'eros, che spinge l'individuo a mutare la propria fisicità perché teme una comunicazione autentica oltre lo scambio delle immagini. Lo studio, che si muove nell'ambito di una ricerca etico-sociale e psicologica, evidenzia l'universalità del mito della bellezza nella cultura umana e l'emergenza attuale della Chirurgia plastica estetica (CPE). Questa viene analizzata dal punto di vista dell'impatto sociale e tecnico-scientifico, con particolare attenzione al rapporto specialista-paziente. L'Autrice, dopo aver fatto cenno alle problematiche medico-legali specifiche ed aver illustrato la odierna visione della corporeità - fortemente basata sull'ideale di salute e di eros -, affronta la discussione etica sulla liceità ed i limiti della CPE. Questa, secondo l'articolo, sconterebbe una crisi di valori affettivi, soprattutto all'interno della vita di coppia, crisi che ha promosso l'idolatria del corpo, a tal punto da divenire un'ossessione e la conditio sine qua non per essere amati. Eticamente illeciti, poi, vengono definiti gli interventi di chirurgia plastica in ordine alla riassegnazione del sesso, alla modificazione dei tratti del viso per persone ricercate dalla legge o l'alterazione dei tratti somatici tipici di una razza. L'articolo si conclude riaffermando la necessità di un recupero dell'unitotalità dell'essere persona in relazione alla corporeità ed al concetto di bellezza.
Paleoredox and lithogeochemical indicators of the environment of formation and genesis of the Monster River hyper-enriched black shale showing, Yukon
Authors: Gadd M G , Peter J M , Fraser T
A , Layton-Matthews D
Published: January 2022

Northern Yukon hosts occurrences of Middle Devonian hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) Ni-Mo-Zn-platinum-group element-Au-Re mineralization, including the Monster River showing in the Ogilvie Mountains. This mineralization has been documented predominantly in the
Paleozoic Richardson trough; however, the Monster River showing is atypical, occurring within the Blackstone trough, more than 200 km to the west on the southern margin of the Yukon block. The ambient paleoredox conditions of the marine water column and sediments may be primary controlling factors
in HEBS formation. We use major and trace element lithogeochemistry to better understand ambient paleoenvironmental redox conditions through the application of robust redox proxies to HEBS mineralization and host rocks. Uniformly negative Ce anomalies (0.6-0.9) indicate that the water column was
predominantly suboxic throughout the deposition interval, even during HEBS mineralization. Although there is a strong terrigenous influence on the rare earth element-yttrium (REE-Y) abundances of the sedimentary rocks, superchondritic Y/Ho ratios (>27) indicate that seawater contributed
REE-Y to the host rocks and HEBS. High (>10) authigenic Mo/U ratios indicate that a Fe-Mn particulate shuttle operated in the water column; this is corroborated by negative Ce anomalies and high Y/Ho ratios. The data indicate that metalliferous sedimentary rocks formed by hydrogenous
metal enrichment (e.g. Ni, Mo, Pt) caused by ferromanganese oxyhydroxide particulate shuttling as chemical sediments; moreover, the REE- and Mo-based paleoenvironmental indicators suggest a complexly redox-stratified depositional environment with an abundant supply of metals, metalloids, and
sulfur.
Genesis of hyper-enriched black shale Ni-Mo-Zn-Pt-Pd-Re mineralization in the northern Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Gadd M G , Peter J M , Layton-Matthews D
Published: January 2022

Polymetallic (Ni-Mo-Zn-Pt-Pd-Au-Re) hyper-enriched black shales in the northern Canadian Cordillera consist of thin, semi-massive sulfides interbedded with black shale. We studied HEBS deposits at Nick, Peel River, Monster River, and Moss in northern Yukon, and
at a single locality underlying the Cardiac Creek Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in northeastern British Columbia. High-grade mineralization contains up to 7.4 weight per cent Ni, 2.7 weight per cent Zn, 0.38 weight per cent Mo, 400 ppb Pt, 250 ppb Pd, 160 ppb Au, and 58.5 ppm Re. Sulfide mineralization formed
during syngenesis to later diagenesis. Analyses by LA-ICP-MS indicate that pyrite is the principal host of platinum-group elements, Au, and Re. Mineralization and sedimentation were coeval based on the overlap between Re-Os geochronology of HEBS at Nick and Peel River (390.7 ± 5.1 and 387.3
± 4.4 Ma, respectively) and conodont biostratigraphic ages of sedimentary host rocks. Bulk S isotope composition of HEBS is uniformly negative, indicating that bacterial reduction of seawater sulfate generated sulfur to precipitate sulfide minerals. The initial Os ratios at Peel River (0.25
± 0.07) and Nick (0.32 ± 0.20) overlap with Middle Devonian seawater, suggesting that elemental enrichment was derived from seawater.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound isolates among Chinese burn patients
Authors: Guo Lijuan , Xu Hui , Yue Zhigang
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To investigate the resistance profiles to antimicrobial agents of wound-isolated Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa among Chinese burn patients.

Methods:

Electronic databases and manual search were used to identify eligible studies published since 2010. The objectives were pooled resistance rates for eleven common antimicrobial agents, estimated by a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying the studies into three four-year periods based on year of isolation.

Results:

A total of 35 studies were included. Gentamicin had the highest pooled resistance rate (56%, 95% CI 48%-64%), while meropenem had the lowest pooled resistance rate (29%, 95% CI 20%-40%). There was an increasing trend of resistance to common antimicrobial agents of wound-isolated P. aeruginosa over a span of twelve years (2009-2020). There remained the highest risk of gentamicin resistance over time in China. Subgroup analyses indicated significantly higher resistances to ceftazidime and levofloxacin from 2017 to 2020.

Conclusions:

Enhanced resistance to common antimicrobial agents in wound-isolated P. aeruginosa presents a challenge in burn wound management in mainland China. Effective stewardship programs should be established based on corresponding resistance profiles, thereby optimizing treatment options for hospitalized burn patients.
Gum resin extract of Boswellia serrata attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative damage in hepatic and renal tissues of rats
Authors: Marefati Narges , Beheshti Farimah , Etemadizadeh Poorya , Hosseini Mahmoud , Anaeigoudari Akbar
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To explore the effect of ethyl acetate gum resin extract of Boswellia serrata on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation and oxidative damage in hepatic and renal tissues of rats.

Methods:

The rats were divided into four groups: control, LPS, LPS+Boswellia serrata extracts (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg). LPS (1 mg/kg) and the extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, 30 min before LPS) were administered intraperitoneally for 3 weeks. The levels of liver enzymes, albumin, total protein, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), interleukin (IL)-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiol groups and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured.

Results:

The levels of liver enzymes, creatinine, and BUN, IL-6, MDA in the LPS group were markedly increased (P<0.001) while albumin, total protein, and total thiol concentration, as well as SOD and CAT activities, were decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Boswellia serrata extracts diminished the levels of liver enzymes, creatinine, BUN, IL-6, and MDA (P<0.01 and P<0.001), and elevated the concentration of total protein and total thiol and SOD and CAT activities (P<0.05 or 0.01).

Conclusions:

The ethyl acetate gum resin extract of Boswellia serrata reduces LPS-induced inflammatory reactions and oxidative damage, thus ameliorating hepatic and renal function.
Anti-tumor effects and cellular mechanisms of Pistacia atlantica methanolic extract against Ehrlich solid tumor in mice
Authors: Albalawi Aishah E. , Althobaiti Norah A. , Alhasani Reem Hasaballah , Alnomasy Sultan F.
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To assess the anti-tumor effects of Pistacia atlantica methanolic extract (PAME) compared with cyclophosphamide against Ehrlich solid tumors in mice.

Methods:

Swiss albino mice (n=40) were divided into five groups: normal control mice, mice with Ehrlich solid tumors treated with normal saline, mice with Ehrlich solid tumors treated with cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally once a day for 14 d, or 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg PAME orally once a day for 14 d. Tumor growth inhibition, body weight, tumor markers, liver and kidney enzymes, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, tumor necrosis factor-alpha level (TNF-α), and apoptosis-regulatory gene expression were evaluated.

Results:

Treatment of mice bearing Ehrlich solid tumors with PAME at 50 and 100 mg/kg orally significantly decreased tumor volume, body weight, tumor markers, liver and kidney enzymes, oxidative stress markers and TNF-α level in comparison with mice with Ehrlich solid tumors receiving normal saline. whereas PAME at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day significantly elevated the level of antioxidant enzymes (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

Pistacia atlantica methanolic extract has potent antitumor activity in mice. Therefore, the extract might be considered as an alternative anticancer agent against tumors, however, additional studies especially in the clinical setting are required to confirm this finding.
Yq AZF microdeletions in male infertility
Authors: Jaiswal Awanish , Pandey Anurag , Tiwari Mamta , Ali Akhtar , Sharma Rohit
Published: January 2022

According to the latest data, globally 15% of couples have infertility and male infertility contributes to 10% of all cases. Infertility can be caused by certain biological changes in the gonads and the reproductive system like azoospermia, oligospermia, asthenospermia, teratozoospermia and hypospermatogenesis. Genetic causes of azoospermia include chromosomal abnormalities, Y chromosome microdeletions and deletion or other mutations of Y-linked genes. The maximum number of the genes are located in the azoospermia factor region of the long arm (Yq) of the Y chromosome. Y chromosome microdeletion is known as the second major genetic cause of spermatogenetic failure. This article aims to review the latest updates on the involvement of Yq microdeletions in male infertility. The diagnostics, prevalence and phenotypic spectrum related to Yq gene microdeletions are discussed.
Excess iodine supplementation aggravates the toxic effects induced by perchlorate on the male reproductive system in rats
Authors: Chakraborty Arijit
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To investigate the toxicity of excess iodine and perchlorate co-exposure on male reproductive system in rats.

Methods:

Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 received no treatment and served as the control group. Group 2 received perchlorate alone (130 mg/kg body weight), and group 3 received perchlorate (130 mg/kg body weight) plus excess iodine (0.7 mg potassium iodine/100 g body weight) for 45 days. Urinary perchlorate and iodine excretion pattern, testicular iodine concentration, serum testosterone levels, epididymal sperm count, key enzymes of steroidogenic pathway, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including total antioxidant profiles in testis with electron microscopic ultrastructure analysis of spermatozoa were evaluated.

Results:

Co-exposure of perchlorate and excess iodine reduced their excretion pattern, reflecting accumulation with reactive oxygen species generation. It was accompanied by higher lipid peroxidation level with imbalance in the pro-/antioxidant status, inhibiting the activities of Δ5 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17 β-HSD rate limiting enzyme activities, and causing reduced synthesis of testosterone, parallel to reduction in testicular and accessory sex organs weight, epididymal sperm-count with deformed ultrastructure of sperm. Perchlorate alone was not a reproductive toxicant; however, in combination with excess-iodine, acute effects were noticed, resulting in a severe deterioration of testicular and spermatozoal structure and function.

Conclusions:

This study provides a novel insight on the augmentation of the relatively moderate repro-toxic effects of perchlorate to a more severe form in presence of excess iodine on male reproductive physiology, which justifies further investigations.
Uptake of in-vitro fertilization among couples attending fertility clinic in a tertiary health institution
Authors: Omobude Mabel Olubunmi , Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo , Okafor Fidelis Uchendu
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To identify factors that determine the uptake of in-vitro fertilization (IVF), and to determine the predicting effect of the identified factors on the uptake of IVF among couples attending fertility clinic at a tertiary health institution in Benin City, Nigeria.

Methods:

This study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design. A self-structured questionnaire tested was validated and administered to 250 couples who attended fertility clinic. Data were collected from March 2021 to June 2021 and were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Data were presented and interpreted using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Chi-square, univariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Among 250 couples, 154 (61.6%) were willing to adopt IVF. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that catholic religion [odds ratio (OR) 0.21, 95% confident interval (CI) 0.54-0.73], family income (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10-2.00) and age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) were the major factors that determined the uptake of IVF, with P-value of <0.001, 0.018 and 0.031, respectively.

Conclusions:

The uptake of IVF could be sustained or improved on, if the government should improve on the cost of living for families, and religious leaders need to be encouraged to pass on the information about IVF to their members to be well guided about the possibilities of IVF.
Recurrent ovarian endometrioma after conservative surgery
Authors: Kantawee Kuntima , Somboonporn Woraluk
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To study the prevalence and associated factors of recurrent ovarian endometrioma after ovarian cystectomy.

Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed 303 patients who underwent cystectomy for ovarian endometrioma and had at least a 2-year follow-up at Srinagarind Hospital from January 2013 to December 2018. The patients were divided into the recurrent and nonrecurrent groups according to the findings from postoperative transvaginal ultrasonography 6 months after undergoing surgery. Nineteen factors were collected for risk evaluation. The prevalence of recurrent ovarian endometrioma and its 95% confident interval (CI) were calculated. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between factors and recurrence.

Results:

Recurrent ovarian endometrioma occurred in 33% (95% CI 27.7%-38.3%) patients. The median duration of follow-up was 36 months. during the median follow-up period of 36 months. Preoperative history of parity, preoperative infertility history, endometriosis surgery, moderate to severe dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, intraoperative stage 4 according to revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification, presence of adenomyosis, and postoperative pain relief were associated factors based on univariate analysis. In contrast, infertility [odds ratio (OR) 2.22, 95% CI 1.14-4.33], moderate to severe dysmenorrhea (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.09-4.15), and postoperative pelvic pain relief (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12-0.42) were independently associated factors based on multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions:

In our setting, preoperative infertility history and moderate to severe dysmenorrhea were associated with a higher recurrent ovarian endometrioma risk. In contrast, postoperative pain relief was significantly associated with lower recurrence risk.
Blepharis persica increases testosterone biosynthesis by modulating StAR and 3β-HSD expression in rat testicular tissues
Authors: Gaikar Nilesh , Patel Nishit , Patel Samir , Patel Priyal , Chudasama Piyush , Raval Manan
Published: January 2022

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract prepared from the seeds of Blepharis (B.) persica on testosterone biosynthesis and also to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

Methods:

Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n=6 per group). Group I received 0.3% w/w gum acacia suspension p.o. and served as the normal control group. Group II was administered testosterone propionate in arachis oil i.m. as the positive control group. Group III to V received B. persica methanolic extract p.o. at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Group VI to VIII received B. persica ethyl acetate fraction p.o. at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. The testis was used for biochemical estimation and histological studies. The effects of methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of B. persica on testicular testosterone, mRNA expression corresponding to steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) along with 3β-HSD enzyme assay were evaluated in testicular tissues and sperm concentration. Ethyl acetate fraction of B. persica was subjected to column chromatography. In-vitro studies were performed using TM3 cell line at three dose levels (50, 100, 200 μg/mL), each for methanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction and 2-benzoxazolinone for evaluation of their comparative effect on testosterone production.

Results:

Ethyl acetate fraction and methanolic extract of B. persica could elevate the testicular testosterone content compared to the normal control group. The treatment with methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of B. persica increased the expression of mRNA corresponding to StAR by 6.7 fold and 10.6 fold, respectively, whereas the mRNA expression of 3β-HSD increased by 5.7 fold and 7.3 fold, respectively. Moreover, fraction and extract treatment exhibited increased 3β-HSD activity in the testicular tissues and were found to elevate sperm concentration in seminal fluid. The spermatogenic potential was further ensured by histological observations. 2-benzoxazolinone was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction and identified using spectral studies. It showed the ability to increase the testosterone content in the TM3 Leydig cells.

Conclusions:

Methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of B. persica are able to increase the testicular testosterone in rats by elevating mRNA expression of StAR and 3β-HSD in testicular tissues, leading to increase the sperm concentration.