bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MRI Assessment of Paediatric Developmental Delay
Authors: Chaudhary Konika , Kashikar Shivali Vaibhav , Dhande Rajasbala Pradeep
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Developmental delay is defined as a significant delay in the infant's developmental domains. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best diagnostic tool to investigate such cases. Evaluation of a child with developmental delay is essential because it allows for early diagnosis and treatment and helps in counselling the parents regarding the outcome and to identify any possible risk of recurrence. METHODS The present study was conducted in AVBR Hospital, Sawangi, Wardha. This crosssectional descriptive study was conducted for magnetic resonance imaging assessment of brain in patients with developmental delay aged three months to 15 years. Males and females were both included in our study. The paediatrics department referred all patients with developmental delay or delayed milestones to the radiology department, where they underwent MRI brain with gadolinium contrast (Brivo MR 355 1.5 Tesla). A total of 104 patients was included in the present study. RESULTS In our present study, distribution of the MRI findings based on structural morphology was 49 (47.12 %), 43 (41.35 %), 30 (28.85 %), 11 (10.58 %), 8 (7.69 %), and 3 (2.88 %) patients with abnormal findings in ventricles, corpus callosum, white matter, grey matter, cerebellum, brainstem respectively. Use of contrast was significant only in 4 (3.85 %) patients. Use of contrast was ineffective in 100 (96.15 %) patients, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001), stating that the use of contrast is ineffective in such patients. CONCLUSIONS MRI evaluation of the brain contributes to the diagnosis of aetiologies of developmental delay. Clinical diagnosis of the developmental delay should not be the only endpoint. MRI is the best investigation with a high yield in such developmental delay patients. KEY WORDS Developmental Delay, MRI Brain, Paediatric Patients
Ideáltípusok a tudástranszferben
Authors: Titkos Csaba
Published: March 2021

A tanulmány a képzés-fejlesztés hátterében lévő – magyarázó erejű – tipológiát vázol. Osztályozza és elemzi a tudásátadás ideáltipikus fajtáit, felhasználva Max Weber ideáltípus-fogalmát. Megkülönbözteti a szemlélet és módszer típusú/tárgyú tudás átadását, és alapváltozók mentén összehasonlítja őket. Továbbá a viselkedésváltozást célzó tudásátadás kompetenciaalapú vizsgálata során területspecifikus módszereket elemez.
Online Dispute Resolution Simulation
Authors: Wang Faye F
Published: March 2021

Online dispute resolution (ODR) simulation workshops are designed to provide students with a virtual learning environment that empowers our students to gain legal and digital skills for their readiness in future employment. Students are invited to act as complainants, opponents and arbitrators/mediators to resolve a real-life case in a team-based, student-centred and research-informed teaching and learning environment. The ODR simulation workshops have been conducted by the author among both undergraduate and postgraduate law students since 2007 at Brunel University and other places. This ongoing project was initially funded by the Nominet Trust in 2010. Throughout these years, ODR simulation workshops have been well-received by students from different cultures, particularly where English is not their first language. Students were asked to conduct online arbitration or mediation hearings and submit arbitral awards and mediation settlements, as well as delivering technical observation notes and group presentations after the process. This article promotes the use of ODR simulation to effectively enhance students’ learning experience, legal skills (i.e. critical thinking, legal reasoning, problem-solving skills) and digital skills. It puts ODR simulation into the context of the shift in teaching approaches in the digital age and explains how modern legal education can be shaped to prepare for digital lawyering.

Keywords: online dispute resolution; online arbitration; digital literacy; digital empowerment; artificial intelligence; digital lawyering; flexible learning; team-based learning; student-centred learning, research-informed teaching.
Kontestasi Identitas dalam Pengobatan ala Nabi; Kajian Fenomenologi atas Munculnya Jam’iyah Ruqyah Aswaja
Authors: Maftuh Rofik
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang fenomena persaingan antar komunitas ruqyah di Kabupaten Kebumen hususnya, pasca munculnya Jam’iyah Ruqyah Aswaja yang telah menyatakan afiliasi dengan Jam’iyah Nahdlatul Ulama. Penulis melihat ada motif-motif lain selain dakwah dan pengobatan, seperti motif ekonomi dan persaingan komunitas muslim. Telah diketahui sebelumnya bahwa ruqyah syar’iyah cenderung pada ideologi salafi, sehingga Jam’iyah Ruqyah Aswaja sebagai langkah untuk mengcounter merebaknya ruqyah syar’iyah yang secara ideologi berbeda dengan kebanyakan umat muslim di Indonesia dan hususnya di Kebumen. Terdapat tiga komunitas yang ambil bagian dalam persaingan ini, yaitu Jam’iyah Ruqyah Aswaja (JRA), Komunitas Ruqyah Kebumen (KRK) yang secara ideologi berafiliasi pada salafi dan sempalan dari Komunitas Ruqyah Kebumen. Untuk melihat hal itu, penulis mencoba menggali data dengan cara observasi dan mengumpulkan buku-buku panduan ruqyah. Selain fenomena persaingan, tulisan ini juga melihat pola transformasi ruqyah dari segi hermeneutis dan performatifnya.[This paper examines the phenomenon of competition between ruqyah communities in the Kebumen Regency, particularly after the emergence of Jam'iyah Ruqyah Aswaja, which has declared affiliation with Jam'iyah Nahdlatul Ulama. The author sees other motives besides preaching and healing, such as economic motives and Muslim community competition. It has been known before that ruqyah shariah tends to a Salafi ideology, so Jam'iyah Ruqyah Aswaja is a step to counter the spread of ruqyah Syariah is ideologically different from most Muslims in Indonesia and especially in Kebumen. Three communities took part in this competition: Jam'iyah Ruqyah Aswaja (JRA), Ruqyah Kebumen Community (KRK) which is ideologically affiliated with Salafis and a splinter from the Ruqyah Kebumen Community. To see this, the writer tries to dig up the data through observation and collect ruqyah guidebooks. Apart from the competition phenomenon, this paper also looks at the transformation pattern of the ruqyah from a hermeneutical and performative perspective.]
The influence of gadolinium on Al–Ti–C master alloy and its refining effect on AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Fan Wenxue , Hao Hai
Published: March 2021

Grain refinement has a significant influence on the improvement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. In this study, a series of Al–Ti–C-xGd (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) master alloys as grain refiners were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The synthesis mechanism of the Al–Ti–C-xGd master alloy was analyzed. The effects of Al–Ti–C-xGd master alloys on the grain refinement and mechanical properties of AZ31 (Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.4Mn) magnesium alloys were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the Al–Ti–C-xGd alloy contains α-Al, TiAl3, TiC and the core–shell structure TiAl3/Ti2Al20Gd. The refining effect of the prepared Al–Ti–C–Gd master alloy is obviously better than that of Al–Ti–C master alloy. The grain size of AZ31 magnesium alloy was reduced from 323 μm to 72 μm when adding 1 wt.% Al–Ti–C-2Gd master alloy. In the same condition, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of as-cast alloy were increased from 130 MPa, 7.9% to 207 MPa, 16.6% respectively.
Rwanda’s Commercialization of Smallholder Agriculture: Implications for Rural Food Production and Household Food Choices
Authors: Weatherspoon Dave D. , Miller Steven R. , Niyitanga Fidele , Weatherspoon Lorraine J. , Oehmke James F.
Published: March 2021

Rwanda has experienced exceptional economic growth since 2000 despite more than 60% of the predominately-agrarian population living on less than $1.25 a day. Approximately 76% of the country’s working population are engaged in agricultural production, which makes up about one-third of the national economy. Agriculture is also an important source of foreign exchange, making up about 63% of the value of Rwanda’s exports. An important component of household diets – food produced on subsistence agriculture parcels averaging 0.6 ha – faces the challenge by government and private sector development to replace subsistence farming with a value-creating market-oriented food sector. A complex set of relationships across public incentives and programs encourages participation in markets. Designed to promote wealth, the Crop Intensification Program (CIP) has increased access to land, inputs, extension services, markets, supply chains, etc. Wealth and access to land are the dominant predictors of the ability to participate in markets and the extent of participation. For example, smallholders producing a diversity of crops are more likely to sell in markets. Within the confluence of competing policy objectives and market forces, further research is necessary to understand the household-level tradeoffs of both producers and consumers along the food value chain.
Building Public Will for Climate-Smart Agriculture in Uganda: Prescriptions for Industry and Policy
Authors: Raile Eric D. , Young Linda M. , Kirinya Julian , Bonabana-Wabbi Jackline , Raile Amber N. W.
Published: March 2021

The global policy community has largely converged on climate-smart agriculture as a solution to various problems driven by climate change, but mass adoption of the crucial innovations presents challenges – particularly in the developing world. Widespread, meaningful, and rapid adoption of climate-smart agriculture will require an appropriate enabling environment. This study uses the political will and public will approach to identify the obstacles and opportunities for upscaling of climate-smart agriculture innovations. In 2015 and 2018, two rounds of semi-structured stakeholder and expert interviews conducted by researchers in Uganda identified four relevant obstacle categories: agricultural extension; communication infrastructure; basic and agricultural infrastructure; and other incentives and disincentives. These categories are related to the five definitional components of public will to reveal pathways for enabling social change. Importantly, both infrastructure and appropriate incentives are necessary for diffusion and then continued use of climate-smart agriculture innovations, often in interrelated ways. The study concludes with a detailed discussion of the implications for industry, government, and donors.
Osteopathic model of the development and prevention of occupational musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Price James William
Published: March 2021

Context

The direct and indirect costs of work-related musculoskeletal disorders are significant. Prevention is the most effective way to control these costs. To do that, we must understand how these disorders develop.

Objectives

To use the five models of osteopathic care to illustrate how cellular processes and neural reflexes interact to create work-related musculoskeletal pathology and to provide evidence-informed musculoskeletal injury and disability prevention recommendations.

Methods

A literature review of electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, and OSTMED.DR) from inception to October 16, 2019 and hand-search of publication references was performed for systematic reviews, cohort studies, case–control studies, and randomized controlled trials. The search terms reflected topics related to occupational injury and injury prevention, and included supplementary laboratory studies and narrative reviews related to the biological aspects of musculoskeletal injury. The eligible studies contained the following criteria: (1) the population of working age; (2) exposures to known risk factors, musculoskeletal disorders, and psychosocial factors; (3) written in English; (4) full text papers published in peer-reviewed journals; and (5) systematic review, cohort study, case–control study, and randomized controlled trial methodology. Studies were excluded if they included outcomes of productivity and costs only or outcomes that were assessed through qualitative methods only.

Results

The literature search resulted in 1,074 citations; 26 clinical studies and 14 systematic reviews were used in this review. A comprehensive workplace musculoskeletal disorder prevention program should match demands to capacity, correct dysfunctional movement patterns, and limit tissue vulnerability (biomechanical–structural model); restore alpha–gamma balance, tonic-phasic synergistic function, and autonomic balance (neurological model); maximize physiologic reserve (metabolic–energy model) component of a prevention program; optimize respiration and circulation (respiratory–circulatory model); and address cognitive distortions (behavioral–biopsychosocial model).

Conclusions

The presented osteopathic model of the development and prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders suggests that a combination of preventive interventions will be more effective than any single preventive intervention.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[tetraaqua-(μ2-4,4′-bipyridine-k2
N:N′)-bis(μ2-4′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarboxylato-k4
O,O′:O″,O′″)dicadmium(II)] dihydrate, C20H20NO7Cd
Authors: Chen Shi-Jun , Cao Xin , Ma Xin-Dong , Xi Zhong-Chen , Li Shi-Hui
Published: March 2021

C20H20NO7Cd, triclinic,

P

1
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$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.9506(8) Å, b = 10.1867(11) Å, c = 11.2774(11) Å, α = 110.528(9)°, β = 93.830(7)°, γ = 107.307(8)°, V = 1003.18(17) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0775, wRref
(F
2) = 0.2051, T = 293(2) K.
The Kiev operation and Tukhachevsky’s two offensives in 1920 as attempts at undertaking strategic and operational initiative during the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1920
Authors: Kruszyński Bartosz
Published: March 2021

The article is an analysis of: 1) the Kiev operation from late April and early May 1920, 2) Tukhachevsky’s first offensive in May 1920, 3) Tukhachevsky’s second offensive launched in July 1920. All the three operations were attempts at undertaking strategic and operational initiative during the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1920. The first offensive pertained to the Polish army, in the subsequent two cases it was the Soviet Western Front. Tukhachevsky’s second offensive resulted in the battle of the Bug in late July and early August 1920. By discussing each of the operations, the author presents the fighting potential of the armies involved, the tactical and operational goals, the course of the fighting, the turning points, both parties’ planning mistakes and the consequences of the operations.
Editorial: Governing the Poor – Migration and Poverty
Authors: Borrelli Lisa Marie , Bochsler Yann
Published: March 2021

In contrast to the nexus between welfare and migration control, the link between migration and poverty (or rather the perception of poverty), has not received the same amount of political interest, but also public and scholarly attention. Yet, there are multiple ways in which migrants are rendered or perceived as poor in receiving states after having migrated. Hence, this special issue addresses the intersection of migration and poverty. The contributions cover various socio-legal, political and discursive aspects of how state institutions and non-state agencies address, and how poor citizens and migrant individuals in the broadest sense deal with, precariousness and discrimination in the states where they have settled or within which they have moved. In public and political discourse, migrant individuals are often portrayed as underserving, needy and dependent on the ‘receiving states’. Yet, what is often overlooked is how this assumed dependency is constructed by policies and laws, encouraged by media practices and everyday street-level implementation, to the degree that it demonises the foreign ‘other’, accused of misusing welfare assistance. At the same time, we find similar framings regarding marginalised citizens, such as welfare recipients, which discloses the moral character of social policies and a hierarchy of deservingness-recognition. Within the special issue, we critically discuss how such representations and policy mechanisms allow for the discriminatory circumscription of rights and services of the ‘poor’ and migrants that are deeply embedded in welfare chauvinist attitudes, causing significant control and surveillance by the state.
Tackling the New Rules for Social Media and Measurement: Critical Book Review
Authors: Cohen Rebecca
Published: March 2021

This is a critical review of two books: The new rules of marketing and public relations (3rd ed.) (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 318 pages) and Measure what matters: Online tools for understanding customers, social media, engagement and key relationships (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 222 pages). The first book provides excellent advice on social media tactics and strategies. The latter expresses the importance of measurement and demonstrates how to effectively complete this task across a variety of platforms. The reviewer examines how the advice of both authors is beneficial to the daily role of the public relations practitioner.
On the Road to Success: Examining how Youth Shelters Define and Value Relationships through the Practice of Two-Way Symmetrical Communication as a Method to Increase the Success-Rate of Youth Recovery Programs – A Case Study of Youth Without Shelter
Authors: Bernard Christine
Published: March 2021

This case study explores how three employees from Youth Without Shelter in Toronto, whom we will call ‘A,’ ‘B,’ and ‘C,’ define, utilize, and value two-way symmetrical communication as a method for decreasing the percentage of at-risk homeless youth on the streets. What emerged from interviews, documentation, and archival reports, indicated that youth who continue to play an active role in shaping their futures are more likely to be engaged, actively communicate, and complete their recovery program. The findings provide insight into how non-profit organizations can achieve success and excellence through engagement with their publics.
The Downside of the Digital Age
Authors: Distel Joseph
Published: March 2021

The digital revolution has advanced human society in undeniably profound ways. But not all the changes have been improvements. The collateral damage acknowledged as consequences of the Digital Age includes the emboldened threat of invasion of privacy, the development and proliferation of online deception, and the tragedies of cyberbullying and perpetual harassment, among others. And while sexting converts hormonal teenagers into self-pornographers, the world wide web’s permanent memory banks rob young and old users of the chance to erase the scarlet letters of their digital pasts. As for human memory, it has eroded as its technological supplements have become its substitutes.
“El Rebelde en la clandestinidad”: A resistência mirista para além das armas
Authors: De Mattos Renata Dos Santos
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem por finalidade refletir sobre a atuação clandestina do Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR) no Chile ditatorial, especificamente, na publicação do periódico El Rebelde. Embora a difusão do jornal já ocorresse anteriormente ao golpe de Estado de 1973, foi apenas com a instauração da ditadura militar no país, com a perseguição do aparato repressivo aos grupos de esquerda e com o assassinato de diversos membros, que o elemento da clandestinidade passou a fazer parte da estratégia de resistência do MIR. Dessa forma, para além das armas, o MIR manteve as publicações ativas, convocando as massas para a luta e difundindo os ideais do movimento, tornando o jornal hoje uma fonte histórica relevante sobre a oposição política em tempos de autoritarismo. Palavras-chave: MIR; Chile; Resistência; Ditadura.AbstractThis article aims to reflect on the clandestine performance of the Revolutionary Izquierda Movement (MIR) in dictatorial Chile, specifically in the El Rebelde newspaper publications. Even though this newspaper existed prior to the year of 1973, the element of clandestinity came to an end only after the establishment of the military dictatorship in Chile, which brought the persecution of the repressive apparatus of left-wing groups and the assassination of their several members. Thus, in addition to weapons, the MIR kept the publications active, calling the masses to fight and spreading the ideas of the movement, making the newspaper a relevant historical source about political opposition in times of authoritarianism.Keywords: MIR; Chile; Resistence; Dictatorship.
Estágio Supervisionado II no ensino fundamental: uma experiência de atividade na aula de História com uso de jogos em uma escola municipal de Ananindeua/PA
Authors: Rodrigues Eliandra Gleyce Dos Passos
Published: March 2021

O trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a experiência vivenciada no espaço escolar, prática proporcionada pela disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado II, apresentando como resultados as principais atividades realizadas de observações, de regências e de intervenções em sala de aula. Entende-se que acompanhar a disciplina de História, no sistema público de ensino, é a forma pela qual a Universidade dialoga com o ensino da escola pública e proporciona mecanismos de preparação aos futuros professores. Através desse contato com a escola, que recebe os acadêmicos nas suas práticas de estudo, pesquisa e extensão, e de formação docente na área de História, busca-se também incentivar a promoção de metodologias experimentadas, a serem inseridas no ensino em sala de aula; como resultado deste processo de estágio é apresentado aqui a metodologia de um Quiz Histórico usado em sala de aula.Palavras-Chave: Relato de Estágio Supervisionado II; Sala de Aula; Ensino de História; Metodologia de Ensino. AbstractThis paper aims to report the experience in the school space, which was the supervised internship discipline II, presenting, as results, the main activities, observations and interventions performed in the classroom. It is understood that accompanying the discipline of History in the public school system is the way in which the University not only dialogues with the public school teaching, but also provides the mechanisms for the preparation of future teachers through contact with the school. The public school receives academics from the University for the practice of study, research and teacher education in the area of history, and encourages the promotion of methodologies to be inserted in classroom teaching. As a result of this internship process, we present here the methodology of a Historical Quiz carried out in class.Keywords: Supervised Internship Report II; Classroom; History Teaching; Teaching Methodology.
Calcium-Sensing Receptor of Immune Cells and Diseases
Authors: Liu Wenxiu , Guo Yutong , Liu Yue , Sun Jiaxing , Yin Xinhua
Published: March 2021

Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which was initially found in the parathyroid gland, is ubiquitously expressed and exerts specific functions in multiple cells, including immune cells. CaSR is functionally expressed on neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and T lymphocytes, but not B lymphocytes, and regulates cell functions, such as cytokine secretion, chemotaxis, phenotype switching, and ligand delivery. In these immune cells, CaSR is involved in the development of many diseases, such as sepsis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, rheumatism, myocardial infarction, diabetes, and peripheral artery disease. Since its discovery, it has been controversial whether CaSR is expressed and plays a role in immune cells. This article reviews current knowledge of the role of CaSR in immune cells.
Factores de Riesgo para la Salud Sexual de Jóvenes Sordos: Evaluación con un Cuestionario Computarizado
Authors: Robles Montijo Silvia Susana , Guevara-Benítez Carmen Yolanda , Pérez-Bautista Yuma Yoaly
Published: March 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar un conjunto de factores de riesgo para la salud sexual de jóvenes mexicanos con discapacidad auditiva. Se utilizó un cuestionario computarizado con instrumentos validados y adaptados para la población sorda. En 112 jóvenes con edad promedio de 19.7 años se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: comunicación sexual con padres y con madres, apoyo y supervisión parental, conocimientos sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual y sobre el uso del preservativo, así como prácticas y abuso sexuales. En los jóvenes sexualmente activos se identificó un patrón de conducta sexual de riesgo, con proporciones importantes que han vivido abuso sexual. Se encontraron bajos niveles tanto en comunicación y supervisión parental, como en las pruebas de conocimientos. La comunicación con los padres se relacionó con el uso del preservativo y fue mayor en quienes no han vivido abuso sexual. En los varones sin experiencia sexual, las variables parentales se asociaron con ambas pruebas de conocimientos.
 
Cómo citar este artículo: Robles-Montijo, S., Guevara-Benítez, Y., & Pérez-Bautista, Y. (2021). Factores de Riesgo para la Salud Sexual de Jóvenes Sordos: Evaluación con un Cuestionario Computarizado. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 30(1), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp. v29n2.77173
First records of Buff-fronted Owl, Aegolius harrisii (Cassin, 1849) (Aves, Strigiformes), from the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil, and the northernmost record for the Cerrado domain
Authors: Silva Anderson Felipe Teixeira da , Melo Hilda Raianne Silva de , Ubaid Flávio Kulaif
Published: March 2021

We present the first record of Aegolius harrisii (Cassin, 1849) from the state of Maranhão, extending the known distribution of the species 283 km to the west in the Brazilian Northeast. This record also represents the northernmost locality of the species within the Cerrado phytogeographic domain, which coincides with the ecotone between the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Amazon domains. Given the considerable gaps in the data on the occurrence of this owl in the Brazilian Northeast, we would recommend more surveys in specific areas with similar phytophysiognomies.
Karaha Pujan
Authors: Dwivedi Prabha Shankar
Published: March 2021

This article brings to light a kind of worship of lord Krsna practised especially by the communities of Ahir (cowherds), and Gadariya (shepherds) of eastern Uttar Pradesh, called Karaha pujan. It involves life-threatening practices performed, in a state of possession, by a bhagat, a man with charismatic authority. Besides Krsna, two forms of the goddess Sakti, namely Durga and Vansakti, are also invoked. The bhagat comes only from the Ahir or the Gadariya community. It is mostly performed under the scorching sun in summer, where the bhagat, praying to the deities, bathes in boiling hot khir (a sweet rice pudding cooked in milk), and fries puris (flat bread) dipping his hands into the boiling ghee. People come from surrounding places to witness it, feel awe for the bhagat, and believe that he is unharmed because he has been possessed by the deity or deities being worshipped. The bhagat makes predictions about the climatic conditions of the region, and about the future of the devotees, and provides solutions to their problems. This article traces similarities and parallelisms between this folk ritual performance and folk Tantric ways of worship.
Profile of cytokines in aqueous humor and trabecular meshwork cell culture in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
Authors: Rakhmanov V. V. , Yuryeva A. V. , Varganova T. S. , Sokolov D. I. , Chepanov S. V. , Markova K. L. , Astakhov Yu. S. , Astakhov S. Yu. , Selkov S. A.
Published: March 2021

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, being an age-related disease. Its pathogenesis still is not fully understood. A particular interest is attracted to evaluation of the cytokine concentrations in the trabecular meshwork cell culture, and in the aqueous humor (AH) taken from the same patient, since such data may allow to describe more completely the glaucomatous trabecular changes and to clarify the mechanisms of intercellular interactions in pseudoexfoliative (PEX) glaucoma. The purpose of this study was a comparative analysis of cytokine contents in AH and in trabecular tissue (TT) supernatants in the patients with PEX glaucoma. The study included 23 eyes of patients with PEX glaucoma. The material studied was AH and supernatant of TT cell culture. The cytokine concentration was measured using a flow cytofluorimeter FacsCantoII (BD, USA) using the CBA method. SPSS version 19 software (IBM, USA) was used for the statistical data processing. Concentrations of cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL- 10, VEGF, GM-CSF) were determined in AH and in the TT supernatant for each of the patients with PEX glaucoma. Only IL-6 and VEGF concentrations in AH were higher than those in the TT supernatant in patients with PEX glaucoma. The IL-6 concentration positively correlated with the VEGF and IL-8 concentrations in the TT supernatant. Correlations between other cytokines in the TT supernatant and AH were also identified and analyzed. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the duration of glaucoma and the IFNγ and TNFα concentrations in AH may have a significant influence on the corneal endothelial cells, being associated with density reduction in patients with PEX glaucoma. The correlation analysis did not reveal any links between other clinical data (corneal thickness in the optical center, IOP level, age) and the cytokine concentrations in the studied tissues. The obtained results suggest that only simultaneous analysis of the cytokine concentrations in the TT supernatant and AH taken from the same patient may provide a more complete description of the cytokine imbalance and pathological processes occurring in the trabecular meshwork in PEX glaucoma patients. It has been shown that the changing cytokine ratios observed in PEX glaucoma may be associated with development of uniform structural and functional changes in all tissues of the anterior eye segment.
Role of cytokines in pathogenesis, diagnosis and efficiency evaluation of immunotherapy in various variants of sclerotic lichen in women
Authors: Kolesnikova E. V. , Zharov A. V. , Penzhoyan G. A.
Published: March 2021

Our aim was to evaluate diagnostic and pathogenetic significance of plasma cytokines (IL-20, IL-23, IL-10, TNFα, IFNγ) in the patients with various clinical and histological variants of sclerotic lichen and to assess opportunity for their use as effectiveness criteria of immunotherapy for this disease using a drug based on eukaryotic deoxyribonucleic acid (Derinat). The prospective cohort study included assessment of the clinical manifestations (itching and dyspareunia) and measurement of blood cytokine contents (IL-20, IL-23, IL-10, TNFα, IFNγ) in women (n = 114) with various clinical variants of sclerotic lichen (atrophic, sclerotic and sclerotic-atrophic) before and after immunotherapy with a nucleic acid-based drug (Derinat). Derinat was chosen due to the fact of being an agonist of Toll-like receptors, and a number of immunoregulatory effects, including the ability to modulate cytokine production and to exert a positive influence upon regeneration processes. In addition, based on visual inspection, vulvoscopy and morphohistochemical examination results (evaluation criteria: skin thickness, number of collagen fibers, severity of fibrosis and sclerosis, etc.), the corresponding subgroups were classified within the II group, i.e., 2.1 (minimal sclerotic signs, n = 14), and 2.2 (pronounced sclerotic signs, n = 20). The control group consisted of conditionally healthy women, without history or presence of vulvar pathology (n = 30), with an age ranging from 20 to 50 years. Along with cytokine assessment by enzyme immunoassay, the study used the data of clinical examination (anamnesis collection, examination, palpation, vulvoscopy), as well as complex morphohistochemical evaluation of vulvar tissues. In atrophic variant, we have observed an increase in plasma IL-23 content, along with decreased TNFα; in lichen sclerosis, a maximal increase in IL-20, IL-23, and IFNγ was revealed; in sclerotic form of sclerotic lichen variant with severe sclerotic features, maximally enhanced IL-20, IL-23, TNFα, IFNγ, along with minimal levels of IL-10 was registered, as compared with other groups. Immunotherapy using Derinate resulted into significant reduction in the clinical manifestations in sclerotic lichen, i.e., itching of the vulva and dyspareunia, as well as normalization of cytokine indexes. Our studies have demonstrated an opportunity of using plasma concentrations of IL-20, IL-23, IL-10, TNFα, IFNγ as biomarkers of sclerotic lichen variants, and as laboratory criteria for efficiency of immunotherapy.
Time-resolved FRET in 384-well plate format to identifysmall molecular modifiers of mutant Huntingtin conformational inflexibility v1
Authors: H Wilbertz Johannes , Frappier Julia , Calamini Barbara
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Huntingtin (HTT), if mutated, is the key driver of the neurodegenerative Huntington’s disease (HD). Wild-type HTT (wtHTT) and excessive poly-glutamine containing mutant HTT (mHTT) differ in the intramolecular flexibility of their N-terminal region. The loss of flexibility and conformational change in mHTT is thought to drive protein aggregation and to decrease protein-protein interactions with other critical neuronal proteins. Decreased conformational flexibility of mHTT therefore most likely results in neurodegeneration. It has been demonstrated that post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as N-terminal amino acid phosphorylation, can rescue mHTT inflexibility. METHODOLOGY Time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET) using the two HTT N-terminus-specific antibodies 2B7 (donor, labelled with terbium cryptate (Tb)) and MW1 (acceptor, labelled with D2) can detect intramolecular conformational changes of HTT. This is especially evident when the protein is subject to temperature changes: Flexible wtHTT shows a high degree of flexibility and low FRET signal at 20°C while at 4°C intramolecular flexibility is reduced and the FRET signal increases. Therefore, the 4°C/20°C FRET signal ratio is > 1 for wtHTT. mHTT is locked in a rigid state and the FRET signals at 20°C and 4°C are more similar, although not equal. As a result, the 4°C/20°C FRET signal ratio is close to 1. Since mHTT inflexibility is influenced by N-terminal PTMs and TR-FRET can measure mHTT conformation, small molecule libraries can be screened for their effects on mHTT conformational rescue. A KNIME workflow is provided to perform plate data aggregation. ANTICIPATED OUTCOME Compounds that restore mHTT conformational flexibility should lead to a 4°C/20°C FRET signal ratio of > 1. This effect could be either due to a direct binding of a small molecule to mtHTT or via an indirect influence on PTMs i.e. the stimulation of a kinase or inhibition of a phosphatase. Compounds with no effect on mHTT flexibility should not influence the 4°C and 20°C FRET signals and the ratio should remain close to 1.
Genesis of Nomadic Cattle Breeding in Mongolia and Southern Trans-Baikal Territory: Prerequisites and Reasons
Authors: Tsybiktarov Aleksandr D.
Published: March 2021

The article reveals the prerequisites and reasons for development of nomadic cattle breeding in the paleo-economy of the nomadic population of Mongolia and southern Trans-Baikal Territory. The article analyses the changes that occurred in the economic activities of the archaeological cultures of the region during the Bronze Age. The complex type of economy of the Selenga-Daurian culture of the Eneolithic-Early Bronze Age is characterised, which combined the branches of the producing and appropriating economy. The sedentary lifestyle of representatives of the Selenga-Daurian culture is grounded. The nomadic nature of the economy and lifestyle of the population of the culture of tiled graves of the developed Late Bronze Age is shown. The change of cattle breeding in the local type to nomadic cattle breeding is associated with aridisation of the climate which began at the end of the 3rd millennium BC and ended in the middle of 2nd millennium BC. The economic, biological and natural-climatic prerequisites for the transition to nomadism are highlighted including the accumulation of experience in the field of cattle breeding in the Early Metal Age, the adaptive abilities of farm animals for keeping in the open air, changes in the natural environment in the direction of climate aridisation and xerophytisation of vegetation steppes. The reason for the transition to nomadic cattle breeding was the establishment of severe continental climate with hot, dry summers and winters with little snow in the region in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. The arid climate worsened the conditions for farming, hunting, fishing and gathering. The small thickness of the snow cover in winter made it possible to switch to year-round keeping of animals on pasture with periodic change of pastures as they were depleted. As a result, the economy of the steppe population was reorganised into nomadic cattle breeding and a mobile nomadic way of life of the population was formed
A Note on Computation MTs with Time in Instructions or with Tapes of Fixed Length
Authors: Rybakov Vladimir V.
Published: March 2021

In this short note we analyze the computation algorithms modelled by Church-Turing-Post machines with algorithms for computation which use amount of time spent for computation (number of steps) in their own definitions. We notice some difference and illustrate that there are distinctions in behaviour of such algorithms; also we consider working of MTs on tapes of fixed length and observe again noticed difference
Study of Experiences and Issues in the Deployment of Environmental Engineering Sensor Network
Authors: Mercier Agathe
Published: March 2021

Sensor complexexplore is a huge and developing zone of scholastic exertion, inspecting innovative and organization issues in the region of natural checking. These advances are utilized by ecological designers and researchers to screen a variety of conditions and administrations, and, explicit to this paper, vitality and water provided to the constructed condition. Despite the fact that the innovation is created by science pros, the utilization and arrangement is generally act upon by ecological specialists. This article inspects sending from the points of view of natural designers and researchers and asks what PC researchers can do to improve the cycle. The paper utilizes a contextual analysis to show the spry activity of Wireless Sensor Networks inside the Cloud Computing framework, and accordingly the interest driven, joint effort extraordinary worldview of digital environments.
Impact of Environmental Engineering Regulation Model in Expressway Construction
Authors: Baptist Juliënne
Published: March 2021

As per current circumstance about condition effect of turnpike development and insufficiency in ecological designing assurance proportions of freeway development, jieke hypothesis was utilized to break down the areas of eco-condition and their jobs. Essential idea and structure of eco-condition framework was expounded, and its application prospect in condition assurance of interstate development was investigated. Finally, guideline model of ecological effect in turnpike development was advanced. By the model, eco-condition effects can be powerfully balanced during the time spent turnpike development. Further, on the precondition of guaranteeing normal freeway development, natural effects were quantitatively decreased to the base degree. It gives scientists a groundbreaking idea and strategy about eco-ecological building effect of turnpike development.
Environmental Engineering for Protection of Water Resources Based on Embedded System
Authors: Ulyanova Tamara
Published: March 2021

In regard of water asset security, facadestream and dissidentstream that are consistent with and can change into one another separately. In light of the microchip's equipment structure and the inserted Linux framework the investigation profoundly broke down the water assets ecological administration status. Utilizing the qualities of remote organization on the implanted Linux framework to communicate the sign what was checked dirtied. A sensible remote control arrangement of the ecological administration for water assets was projected to rally the reason for water assets, water condition and water security. The framework applied to offer help for natural water assets the board.
Environmental Engineering intend strategy for Indoor supervise and Control System
Authors: Nagel Niklas
Published: March 2021

This articlein front of a thorough to screen the encompassing temperature, the air dampness and the wind stream rate and to pass judgment on the indoor solace level based on the Fuzzy Judgment and afterward the relating proposition is raised. Simultaneously, the framework utilizes projection innovations in mix with natural brain research. The Indoor Intelligent Environmental Engineering observe and organize System incorporate in general to give client sorts of impressive home encounters and excitements.
Physiciansʼ awareness level assessment of the epidemiology and diagnosis features of nosocomial infection caused by Clostridium difficile in a multidisciplinary hospitals
Authors: Khasanova Gulshat R. , Yakupova Gulnara R. , Kondratieva Ksenija A. , Lokotkova Alla , Bulycheva Irina A. , Shaikhrazieva Natalia D.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Clostridium difficile has an important place among healthcare associated infections pathogens, mainly due to the widespread and inappropriate antibiotics use. Over the past 10 years an incidence of this infection has increased in the USA and European countries. Unfortunately, C. difficile infection cases in the Russian Federation are almost not register, probably due to the lack of physicians awareness and underestimation of the pathogen role in the etiology of nosocomial infections.
AIM: Is to study the different specialties physicians awareness of C. difficile infection development in multidisciplinary hospitals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire survey of 115 physicians of two multidisciplinary hospitals in Kazan was carried out. The questionnaire included 15 questions related to etiology, transmission mechanism, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis and prevention of C. difficile infection. Statistical data processing was carried out in MS Excel. We used Fishers exact test for comparisons questionnaire responses indicators. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: A low level of physicians awareness on this issue was revealed. 92.2% of physicians did not have any C. difficile infection cases in their practice. 31.3% of respondents underestimate the role of antibiotic use as the main risk factor for the development of the disease; at the same time, there are frequent cases of unreasonable prescription of antibiotics. 32.2% of the respondents are poorly informed about diagnosis methods of clostridiosis. 20% of physicians deny the role of bacteria carriers as a source of infection. 77.4% of respondents indicated the alimentary route as the main route of infection transmission. Only 38.2% of respondents noted the hospital environment objects as a possible factor in the transmission of C. difficile.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no alertness regarding antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by C. difficile infection among multidisciplinary hospital physicians. Insufficient knowledge of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnostics of C. difficile infection are factors that determine the low frequency of its detection and, accordingly, impede the implementation of required anti-epidemic measures. There is a need to include C. difficile infection issues in professional development programs for medical workers. It is advisable to develop and implement C. difficile infection control.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell’s syndrome) in a patient with HIV infection
Authors: Popova Darya , Voznesensky Sergey L. , Soboleva Zinaida A.
Published: March 2021

Lyells syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis, is a skin disorder characterized by extensive exfoliation of the epidermis. The prognosis for this disease is poor due to damage to the visceral organs, electrolyte disturbances and the risk of infection. The article describes a clinical case of Lyells syndrome in an HIV-infected patient who was first prescribed ART in combination with valganciclovir. The diagnosis was made on the basis of characteristic clinical manifestations and the exclusion of another similar pathology. On the background of the therapy, the rash regressed, the areas of damaged skin became epithelialized, and the body temperature returned to normal. A differential diagnosis was made with measles, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, staphylococcal infection. Against the background of the therapy, the patients condition was positive.
ENSINO RELIGIOSO PLURAL NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: UMA ÁREA DO CONHECIMENTO HUMANO EM CONSOLIDAÇÃO
Authors: Nogueira Sandra Vidal , Beise Claudete Ulrich , Silva Edeson Dos Anjos
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo problematiza o sentido democrático do ensino religioso e sua aplicabilidade na Educação Básica, tendo em vista as premissas de respeito à pluralidade e construção da cidadania. Interessa-nos os debates que sublinham a criação e consolidação desse campo de estudos como área do conhecimento humano no Brasil, após a Constituição de 1988. Metodologicamente, o ensaio teórico adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise documental. A ênfase recai nos aspectos da interpretação das legislações e implicações curriculares das propostas pedagógicas e dos processos formativos de profissionais. Nesse sentido, o estudo apresenta, em termos de resultados, abordagens conceituais do “estado da arte”, que convergem para a superação dos modelos com viés confessional ou interconfessional.
DEMOCRACIA EM VERTIGEM: UMA NARRATIVA DOCUMENTAL QUE VAI ALÉM DA MERA REPRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Queiroz Eliani De Fátima Covem
Published: March 2021

Este texto faz uma análise fílmica do documentário Democracia em Vertigem (2019), da cineasta Petra Costa. O documentário traça uma narrativa histórica da ascensão e queda do Partido dos Trabalhadores, com a eleição de Lula para presidente da república, a eleição de Dilma Roussef, o impeachment de Dilma até a eleição de Bolsonaro, com nuances da história pessoal da diretora.
O ASPECTO EDUCACIONAL DAS MÍDIAS SOCIAIS EM CONTEXTOS DE DESINFORMAÇÃO: INFRAESTRUTURAS E FERRAMENTAS COMPUTACIONAIS ORIENTADAS À CIDADANIA
Authors: Lucian Guilherme
Published: March 2021

Este estudo delineia o aspecto educacional das mídias sociais em contextos de desinformação, com o propósito de investigar o modo como são confrontados os pressupostos cognitivos que orientam o conhecimento da nossa época e também a validade objetiva das crenças que sustentamos. A hipótese é a de que o seu compromisso cívico não deve se limitar apenas à mediação dos diálogos da sociedade, mas sobretudo à responsabilidade de educar cidadãos para a emancipação diante de uma rede bem elaborada de informações imprecisas ou intencionalmente falsas que nos distancia da compreensão — especialmente por seu potencial de descontrole e de circulação. Adotamos como método uma reflexão especulativa, ancorada na análise das medidas de combate às fake news propostas pelo Facebook por meio de infraestruturas e ferramentas computacionais de aprendizagem de máquina, de aprendizagem profunda e de inteligência artificial. Interessa-nos, portanto, conhecer algumas das características de uma ruptura epistemológica que desponta na interface de questões entre a tecnologia, a comunicação e a mídia. Os resultados parciais sugerem que o aspecto educacional deve ser o elemento constitutivo da abordagem informativa das mídias sociais.