bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Excited Vibration Analysis for the Feed Support System in FAST
Authors: Tang Xiaoqiang , Liu Zhihua , Shao Zhufeng , Wang Liping
Published: April 2014

China is currently building the largest single dish radio telescope in the world, which is called the Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The feed support system in the FAST is composed of a cable-driven parallel manipulator, an A-B rotator, and a Stewart platform. Since the stiffness of the cable-driven parallel manipulator is low, the feed support system is prone to vibrate under the action of the Stewart platform. The main purpose of this paper is to study the self-excited vibration of the feed support system. Self-excited vibration involves the natural frequencies of the system and the resultant forces produced by the motion of the Stewart platform. This paper linearizes the dynamic equations of the system at an operating point and determines the configuration-dependent natural frequencies in the given workspace. This paper obtains the resultant forces from the legs due to the motion of the Stewart platform by using the numerical method. According to the natural frequencies and the resultant forces, the condition of self-excited vibration is given and verified by simulations. In order to verify the linearization method, an experimental platform of a cable-driven parallel manipulator is set up. The experimental results match well with the theoretical arithmetic. This paper provides a reference point for further studies on vibration suppression in the FAST.
Plasmonics in Topological Insulators
Authors: Lai Yi-Ping , Lin I-Tan , Wu Kuang-Hsiung , Liu Jia-Ming
Published: April 2014

With strong spin-orbit coupling, topological insulators have an insulating bulk state, characterized by a band gap, and a conducting surface state, characterized by a Dirac cone. Plasmons in topological insulators show high frequency-tunability in the mid-infrared and terahertz spectral regions with transverse spin oscillations, also called “spin-plasmons”. This paper presents a discussion and review of the developments in this field from the fundamental theory of plasmons in bulk, thin-film, and surface-magnetized topological insulators to the techniques of plasmon excitation and future applications.
Performance Evaluation of the Various Training Algorithms and Network Topologies in a Neural-Network-Based Inverse Kinematics Solution for Robots
Authors: Sari Yavuz
Published: April 2014

Recently, artificial neural networks have been used to solve the inverse kinematics problem of redundant robotic manipulators, where traditional solutions are inadequate. The training algorithm and network topology affect the performance of the neural network. There are several training algorithms used in the training of neural networks. In this study, the effect of various learning algorithms on the learning performance of the neural networks on the inverse kinematics model learning of a seven-joint redundant robotic manipulator is investigated. After the implementation of various training algorithms, the Levenberg-Marquardth (LM) algorithm is found to be significantly more efficient compared to other training algorithms. The effect of the various network types, activation functions and number of neurons in the hidden layer on the learning performance of the neural network is then investigated using the LM algorithm. Among different network topologies, the best results are obtained for the feedforward network model with logistic sigmoid-activation function (logsig) and 41 neurons in the hidden layer. The results are presented with graphics and tables.
Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Used for Periodontal Regeneration: A Systematic Review
Authors: Monsarrat Paul , Vergnes Jean-Noël , Nabet Cathy , Sixou Michel , Snead Malcolm L. , Planat-Bénard Valérie , Casteilla Louis , Kémoun Philippe
Published: April 2014

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease of the soft and hard tissues supporting the teeth. Recent advances in regenerative medicine and stem cell biology have paved the way for periodontal tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) delivered in situ to periodontal defects may exert their effects at multiple levels, including neovascularization, immunomodulation, and tissue regeneration. This systematic review had two goals: (a) to objectively quantify key elements for efficacy and safety of MSCs used for periodontal regeneration and (b) to identify patterns in the existing literature to explain differences between studies and suggest recommendations for future research. This systematic review provided good evidence of the capacity of MSCs to regenerate periodontal tissues in animals; however, experimentally generated defects used in animal studies do not sufficiently mimic the pathophysiology of periodontitis in humans. Moreover, the safety of such interventions in humans still needs to be studied. There were marked differences between experimental and control groups that may be influenced by characteristics that are crucial to address before translation to human clinical trials. We suggest that the appropriate combination of cell source, carrier type, and biomolecules, as well as the inclusion of critical path issues for a given clinical case, should be further explored and refined before transitioning to clinical trials. Future studies should investigate periodontal regenerative procedures in animal models, including rodents, in which the defects generated are designed to more accurately reflect the inflammatory status of the host and the shift in their pathogenic microflora.
Human Neural Stem Cells Survive Long Term in the Midbrain of Dopamine-Depleted Monkeys After GDNF Overexpression and Project Neurites Toward an Appropriate Target
Authors: Wakeman Dustin R. , Redmond D. Eugene , Dodiya Hemraj B. , Sladek John R. , Leranth Csaba , Teng Yang D. , Samulski R. Jude , Snyder Evan Y.
Published: April 2014

Transplanted multipotent human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) significantly improved the function of parkinsonian monkeys in a prior study primarily by neuroprotection, with only 3%–5% of cells expressing a dopamine (DA) phenotype. In this paper, we sought to determine whether further manipulation of the neural microenvironment by overexpression of a developmentally critical molecule, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), in the host striatum could enhance DA differentiation of hfNSCs injected into the substantia nigra and elicit growth of their axons to the GDNF-expressing target. hfNSCs were transplanted into the midbrain of 10 green monkeys exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine. GDNF was delivered concomitantly to the striatum via an adeno-associated virus serotype 5 vector, and the fate of grafted cells was assessed after 11 months. Donor cells remained predominantly within the midbrain at the injection site and sprouted numerous neurofilament-immunoreactive fibers that appeared to course rostrally toward the striatum in parallel with tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers from the host substantia nigra but did not mature into DA neurons. This work suggests that hfNSCs can generate neurons that project long fibers in the adult primate brain. However, in the absence of region-specific signals and despite GDNF overexpression, hfNSCs did not differentiate into mature DA neurons in large numbers. It is encouraging, however, that the adult primate brain appeared to retain axonal guidance cues. We believe that transplantation of stem cells, specifically instructed ex vivo to yield DA neurons, could lead to reconstruction of some portion of the nigrostriatal pathway and prove beneficial for the parkinsonian condition.
Dreams, Shrines and Mystic Sufi in Palestine
Authors: Aref Abu-Rabia
Published: April 2014

This paper describes common Sufi beliefs regarding dreams and shrines in Palestine during the 20th century. These beliefs developed during joint and private seasonal visits (ziara). Gaining insight into the sociology of the Sufi cult of saints can enrich our understanding of similar cults in other places and shed light on the reasons for their absence in other societies. The research examines the phenomenon of true dreams at saints’ shrines, and explores the historical and contemporary scope of dream pilgrimages to these shrines.
Ceremonies that involve visiting saints’ shrines have encouraged socio-cultural and psychological-therapeutic dependence of the pilgrims with regard to these shrines. This dependence relationship is deeply rooted in their collective psyche and reinforced and legitimized through Palestinian folklore.
This paper is based on primary and secondary sources, interviews with Sufi and people who have been active in participating in these rituals, as well as archival and documentary material, a review of published and unpublished materials, books, and scientific journals.
Investigation of α-Cellulose Content of Sugarcane Scrappings and Bagasse as Tablet Disintegrant
Authors: Bakre Lateef Gbenga  , Odumala Kehinde Fatimah
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study is to investigate the physicochemical and disintegrant properties of α – cellulose obtained from sugarcane scrapings and bagasse. The mechanical and release properties of paracetamol tablets containing the extracted celluloses and two standard disintegrants- corn starch B.P and microcrystalline cellulose – were determined using crushing strength, friability, disintegration time, the time taken for 50% (T50) and 90% (T90) drug dissolution as assessment parameter. α – cellulose obtained from sugarcane scrapings and bagasse possess better flow properties than cornstarch and microcrystalline cellulose and are capable of absorbing up to five times their own weight in water and swell considerably. α – cellulose obtained from sugarcane scrapings and bagasse have high moisture sorption capacity and they formed relatively softer tablets which became increasingly harder as their concentration increased. All the tablets formulated with cellulose derived from sugarcane scrapings and bagasse passed the official disintegration test for uncoated tablets. Cellulose obtained from sugarcane bagasse had superior disintegrant property to cornstarch and microcrystalline cellulose while cellulose obtained from sugarcane scrapings showed comparable disintegrant property to microcrystalline cellulose. Tablets containing 2.5% w/w cellulose derived from sugarcane scrapings and 5.0% w/w cellulose derived from sugarcane bagasse gave more optimum result as tablet disintegrant. Formulations containing cellulose derived from sugarcane scrapings and bagasse show faster drug release (lower T50 and T90) than tablets containing corn starch and microcrystalline cellulose. There was a linear correlation between T90 and disintegration time (r = 0.976, p< 0.05) for tablets formulated with cellulose derived from sugarcane scrapings. Results show that α – cellulose obtained from sugarcane bagasse and scrapings are potentially useful as disintegrants in tablet formulations.
Manoeuvring Simulation Methods Applied to Determine the Shape and Operational Condition of New Ports – Mielno Port Case Study
Authors: Gucma Lucjan , Gucma Maciej , Gralak Rafał
Published: April 2014

This paper presents a complex method of establishment of optimum design of sea ports with regard to navigational safety. Real-time simulation method was implemented in the presented study. The limited task real-time simulation model was created together with characteristic ship models and environment. The paper presents several stages of the research, such as the designing of the model, planning of simulation experiments and statistical analysis of results, The results are used as design guidelines for the small Polish sea port of Mielno which is currently under development.
Seafarer Cross-Generational Competence Skills
Authors: Tyron Olena
Published: April 2014

It was mentioned that the ability to establish a positive relationship between the members of international crews is an urgent issue. This ability influences not only the safety of navigation, but the mental health of seafarers as well. Foreign language competence is essential for the resolution of this problem. Successful everyday communication of seafarers depends on a number of factors: the awareness of cross-cultural, religious and cross-generational differences will help establish a friendly communication onboard a ship with an international crew. This paper presents a study on cross-generational communication of future seafarers. Our study empirically proved that the ability of mutual communication between different age groups facilitates the establishment of friendly relationships onboard a ship. A psychological insight into the peculiarities of different generations helped us see the process of communication of seafarers in a new light. We outlined the main values of different generations, allowing the students to learn the preferred topics of everyday communication. In our opinion, the results of this study may be used by lecturers of maritime educational establishments in the scope of the course Psychology and English language.
Traffic Video Surveillance in Different Weather Conditions
Authors: Vujović Igor , Jurčević Marjan , Kuzmanić Ivica
Published: April 2014

Various parameters are studied in video-stream traffic surveillance. Weather conditions are one of the most important parameters, influencing the quality of traffic surveillance in any microlocation, such as the town of Metković in this study. This paper examines the influence of weather conditions on traffic surveillance based on the collection of visual data. The quality of the system was tested under the following weather conditions: sunny, windy, cloudy and rainy.
Transition Words in Academic Writing
Authors: Plančić Bisera , Ninčević Siniša
Published: April 2014

This article is concerned with transition words and their use in academic writing. These words and phrases, also called linking words or connectives, relate sentences and paragraphs to eventually create a cohesive and coherent text. In order to illustrate how to logically organize information in writing, theauthors give some examples of the usage of transition words at sentence and text levels. Mastering transition words is beneficial to all users who wish to improve their writing skills. As writing is one of the most important means of communication in Maritime English, the following examples are based on the textbooks that students use in their ESP class: “English for Maritime Studies “by T.N. Blakey that provides a rich source of target material, a paragraph from “Commercial Management for Shipmasters” by Robert L. Tallac, and The New York Times article by Paul Krugman. Students are encouraged to get acquainted with the function of transition words and expressions, which will serve as a fingerpost how to aid their misuse or overuse and logically organize thoughts and ideas. The enclosed appendix includes a list of transition words and expressions according to their functions, alongside the selected example sentences which present transition words in action. The article is aimed at improving writing skills so essential in preparing for seafaring and many other careers.
The Effect of Compensation Committee on CEO Compensation Contracts: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Kun , Xiao Xing
Published: April 2014

Since 2002, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) has required companies listed in China to set up compensation committees. In response to this requirement, this paper examines the relationship between CEO compensation and the establishment and independence of such committees. Our results show that the existence of compensation committees (and their greater independence) can improve both the level of pay and the pay-performance sensitivity of CEO compensation in SOEs, supporting the optimal contracting argument. In contrast, when managerial power is stronger than that of the compensation committee, pay increases but not the pay-performance sensitivity, with the committee’s independence having no significant impact on compensation contracts. These findings are in line with the managerial power argument. Our results indicate that the CSRC’s requirement that listed companies form independent compensation committees is effective under certain conditions.
Monodisperse Polymer Particles
Authors: Konno Mikio , Nagao Daisuke
Published: April 2014

This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of monodisperse polymer particles with polymerization in solutions. After introducing the monodisperse polymer particles and their potential applications, we first focused on common polymerization techniques for monodisperse polymer particles ranging from sub‐micrometers to micrometers. Among the techniques, soap‐free emulsion polymerization, which is a surfactant‐free heterogeneous polymerization in water without any organic solvents, was reviewed in detail from an environmentally friendly viewpoint. Then, soap‐free emulsion polymerizations for obtaining monodisperse polymer particles with hybrids or composite structures were discussed. Synthetic methods for functional, highly monodisperse composite particles such as fluorescent polymer particles and magnetic polymer particles are presented. It also includes preparations of anisotropic polymer particles such as dumbbell‐, snowman‐, rod‐, and raspberry‐shaped particles and particles having a depression. Finally, template applications of the composite particles with polymer‐removable methods for the creation of hollow or movable part in different shell shapes are discussed.
Synthesis and Application of Glycopolymers
Authors: Babiuch Krzysztof , Stenzel Martina H.
Published: April 2014

Multimeric representations of carbohydrates play a pivotal role in many biological processes. Polymer chemists aim at copying these biologically active biopolymers by the design of glycopolymers, synthetic polymers with pendant sugars. This article is focused on the synthetic methods as well as applications of these macromolecules. Since the first description of glycopolymers in the late 1950s, a myriad of glycopolymer structures have been reported. The first glycopolymer was prepared via free radical polymerization, but soon other techniques including ionic chain polymerization, ring‐opening polymerization, and ring‐opening methatesis polymerization followed. The arrival of living radical polymerization techniques caused a surge in publications on glycopolymers. Although most polymerization techniques have been employed to create glycopolymers, atom‐transfer radical polymerization and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization dominate the literature. Architectures reported range from simple homopolymers to block copolymers, endfunctional glycopolymers, and stars and gels. Immobilization of initiators or RAFT agents led to bioactive surfaces. In recent years, the focus has shifted from the pure interest in the synthesis to the investigation of the biological activity of these glycopolymers. While the direct synthesis using glycomonomers dominated the literature for years, recent times saw the increased use of postmodification procedures. Reactive polymers were conjugated with sugars using an array of reactions including click chemistry and various reactions based on thiol‐ or amino sugars.

This article gives a brief historical account on the synthesis of glycopolymers and outline briefly the different techniques—direct synthesis and postmodification—to design glycopolymers. The main focus will be, however, the advancements in applications of glycopolymers since around 2010, which contributed to the existing knowledge on how the structure of the glycopolymer affects the binding with lectin.
UV‐Curing Science and Technology
Authors: Bongiovanni Roberta , Sangermano Marco
Published: April 2014

A general overview is presented on UV‐curing science and technology. After the description of the UV‐initiated cross‐linking reaction, the two main process, radical UV curing and cationic UV curing, are considered. Finally, the main applications of UV‐curing technology are briefly described.
Microporous Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
Authors: Weber Jens , Meng Qing Bo
Published: April 2014

The present article gives an overview on current developments in the area of microporous polymers, that is polymers that have permanent pores of sizes below 2 nm. Basic concepts of the synthetic procedures are reviewed, and latest developments are discussed. Special interest is placed on developments that allow the synthesis of microporous polymers in well‐defined macroscopic morphologies such as particles, membranes, or monolithic structures.

The various possibilities of microporosity characterization are discussed. Concepts adopted from the polymer membrane community such as positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy or the zeolite community (
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Xe‐NMR, gas adsorption), as well as modern molecular modeling approaches are discussed. The various findings are combined, and open questions (which are still present in the field of microporous polymers) are pointed out.

Latest developments regarding the application of microporous polymers in various technologies, ranging from adsorption science to optoelectronic and energy‐related applications are discussed finally. A critical comparison to other microporous materials such as zeolites or carbon is given, whenever appropriate.
Alexei Khramov (1927–2014)
Authors: McElhinny Michael W.
Published: April 2014

Alexei Khramov, the founder of the Russian school of paleomagnetism and the father of the science of magnetostratigraphy, died in St. Petersburg on 26 January 2014 at the age of 86.
Upper plate structure controls rupture front propagation
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: April 2014

Over the past century, the boundary between the Nazca and South American tectonic plates has been the center of a series of powerful, tsunamogenic, and deadly earthquakes, including one in 1906 that is believed to have had a magnitude of 8.8.
A fictitious domain method for lithosphere‐asthenosphere interaction: Application to periodic slab folding in the upper mantle
Authors: Cerpa Nestor G. , Hassani Riad , Gerbault Muriel , Prévost Jean‐Herve
Published: April 2014

We present a new approach for the lithosphere‐asthenosphere interaction in subduction zones. The lithosphere is modeled as a Maxwell viscoelastic body sinking in the viscous asthenosphere. Both domains are discretized by the finite element method, and we use a staggered coupling method. The interaction is provided by a nonmatching interface method called the fictitious domain method. We describe a simplified formulation of this numerical technique and present 2‐D examples and benchmarks. We aim at studying the effect of mantle viscosity on the cyclicity of slab folding at the 660 km depth transition zone. Such cyclicity has previously been shown to occur depending on the kinematics of both the overriding and subducting plates, in analog and numerical models that approximate the 660 km depth transition zone as an impenetrable barrier. Here we applied far‐field plate velocities corresponding to those of the South‐American and Nazca plates at present. Our models show that the viscosity of the asthenosphere impacts on folding cyclicity and consequently on the slab's dip as well as the stress regime of the overriding plate. Values of the mantle viscosity between 3 and 5 × 1020 Pa s are found to produce cycles similar to those reported for the Andes, which are of the order of 30–40 Myr (based on magmatism and sedimentological records). Moreover, we discuss the episodic development of horizontal subduction induced by cyclic folding and, hence, propose a new explanation for episodes of flat subduction under the South‐American plate.
Electrochemical and Mechanical Effects of Acid and Thermal Treatments of Carbon Fiber
Authors: Li Sumin , Zhao Yutao , Zhang Zhao , Tang Hua , Song Haojie , Wang Yaping
Published: April 2014

This paper presents modification method toward preparing activated structural carbon fibers (CFs) possessing both good electrochemical and mechanical properties. The surface treatment of CFs has been carried out by chemical and chemical–thermal oxidation, and supercapacitors have been fabricated with CF electrodes. Effects of surface treatment on fiber surface characteristics, mechanical properties, and electrochemical performances were investigated. Results show that proper treatment of CF by chemical–thermal oxidation provides an effective way to enlarge the fiber surface area (increase around 45‐fold), strengthen fiber surface chemical activity, and fiber tensile strength (increase around 20%) as well as its energy storing ability (increase around 129‐fold).
Injectable Colloidal Gold in a Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate Gelating Matrix with Potential Use in Radiation Therapy
Authors: Jølck Rasmus I. , Binderup Tina , Hansen Anders E. , Scherman Jonas B. , Munch af Rosenschold Per , Kjær Andreas , Andresen Thomas L.
Published: April 2014

External beam radiation therapy relies on the ability to deliver high radiation doses to tumor cells with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissue. Advanced irradiation techniques, including image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT), rely on the ability to locate tumors to optimize the therapeutic benefit of these techniques. Today, radiopaque fiducial tissue markers are placed in or around tumors, for example, in prostate cancer patients to enhance the precision of daily and/or real‐time IGRT. A liquid injectable fiducial marker (nanogel) is developed based on PEGylated gold nanoparticles and sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) with improved properties compared to current solid fiducial markers. The developed nanogel is investigated in vitro and subsequently evaluated in vivo in immunocompetent NMRI mice. The nanogel shows high CT‐contrast and excellent stability in vivo over a period of 12 weeks. The nanogel is found to be biocompatible and well tolerated. No induction of the inflammatory cytokines INF‐γ, IL‐6, or TNF‐α is observed throughout the study period. The developed nanogel seems to be a safe injectable fiducial marker ideally suited for IGRT that may further enhance the effect of radiation.
An Enantioselective Recyclable Polystyrene‐Supported Threonine‐Derived Organocatalyst for Aldol Reactions
Authors: Henseler Andrea H. , Ayats Carles , Pericàs Miquel A.
Published: April 2014

A series of primary amino acids covalently supported onto polystyrene through alkyne–azide cycloaddition reactions has been synthesized and evaluated as catalysts in asymmetric aldol reactions. A polymer‐supported threonine behaves as an easily recyclable, highly reactive and stereoselective (up to 99% ee) catalyst in the aldol reaction of both cyclic and acyclic ketone donors with aromatic aldehydes in aqueous environments. While cyclic ketones react with anti diastereoselectivity, syn adducts are predominantly obtained with acyclic substrates. The heterogenized threonine catalyst has been used for the sequential synthesis of a small library of enantiopure aldol products.

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Worker assessments of organizational practices and psychosocial work environment are associated with musculoskeletal injuries in hospital patient care workers
Authors: Reme Silje Endresen , Shaw William S. , Boden Leslie I. , Tveito Torill H. , O'Day Elizabeth Tucker , Dennerlein Jack T. , Sorensen Glorian
Published: April 2014

Background

Hospital patient care (PC) workers have high rates of workplace injuries, particularly musculoskeletal injuries. Despite a wide spectrum of documented health hazards, little is known about the association between psychosocial factors at work and OSHA‐recordable musculoskeletal injuries.

Methods

PC‐workers (n = 1,572, 79%) completed surveys assessing a number of organizational, psychosocial and psychological variables. Associations between the survey responses and injury records were tested using bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

A 5% of the PC‐workers had at least one OSHA‐recordable musculoskeletal injury over the year, and the injuries were significantly associated with: organizational factors (lower people‐oriented culture), psychosocial factors (lower supervisor support), and structural factors (job title: being a patient care assistant).

Conclusions

The results show support for a multifactorial understanding of musculoskeletal injuries in hospital PC‐workers. An increased focus on the various dimensions associated with injury reports, particularly the organizational and psychosocial factors, could contribute to more efficient interventions and programs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:810–818, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lifetime and current pesticide exposure among Latino farmworkers in comparison to other Latino immigrants
Authors: Arcury Thomas A. , Nguyen Ha T. , Summers Phillip , Talton Jennifer W. , Holbrook Lourdes Carrillo , Walker Francis O. , Chen Haiying , Howard Timothy D. , Galván Leonardo , Quandt Sara A.
Published: April 2014

Background

Pesticide exposure poses a health risk for farmworkers. This analysis documents lifetime and current pesticide exposure of North Carolina Latino migrant farmworkers, with comparison to non‐farmworker Latino immigrants.

Methods

During May to October 2012, 235 Latino farmworkers and 212 Latino non‐farmworkers completed interviews with items to construct measures of lifetime, current residential and occupational pesticide exposure.

Results

Farmworkers experience levels of lifetime and residential pesticide exposure that are consistently greater than among non‐farmworkers. Farmworkers report a large number of occupational pesticide exposures. Lifetime exposure and current residential pesticide exposure are related to social determinants. Education is inversely related to lifetime pesticide exposure for farmworkers and non‐farmworkers; farmworkers with H‐2A visas report greater residential pesticide exposure than those without H‐2A visas.

Conclusions

Occupational safety policy needs to consider these patterns of lifetime exposure when setting standards. Health care providers should be aware of the lifetime and current exposure of this vulnerable population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:776–787, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distinct karyotypes in two offspring of a man with jumping translocation karyotype 45,XY,der(16)t(16;22)(q24;q11.2), −22 [59]/45,XY,der(1)t(1;22)(p36;q11.2), −22 [11]/45,XY,der(22)t(22;22)(p13;q11.2), −22 [10]
Authors: Hu Hua , Yao Hong , Dong Yanlin , Long Yang , Xu Liang , Hu Bing , Xu Gang , Liang Zhiqing
Published: April 2014

We examined a man and his daughter, who both had different jumping translocation karyotypes. The man's wife was pregnant and had been referred for prenatal diagnosis of the fetus. The karyotype of the husband's peripheral blood lymphocytes was 45,XY,der(16)t(16;22)(q24;q11.2), −22 [59]/45,XY,der(1)t(1;22)(p36;q11.2), −22 [11]/45,XY,der(22)t(22;22)(p13;q11.2), −22 [10]. The karyotype of the daughter's peripheral blood lymphocytes was 45,XX,der(16)t(16;22)(q24;q11.2), −22 [45]/45,XX,der(9)t(9;22)(q34;q11.2), −22 [30]/45,XX,der(5)t(5;22)(q35;q11.2), −22 [25]. The wife and the fetus both had a normal karyotype. To the best of our knowledge, the present familial transmitted jumping translocation has not been previously described and the jumping translocation in the husband and daughter did not cause any phenotypic abnormalities. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NMR Fingerprints of the Drug‐like Natural‐Product Space Identify Iotrochotazine A: A Chemical Probe to Study Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Grkovic Tanja , Pouwer Rebecca H. , Vial Marie‐Laure , Gambini Luca , Noël Alba , Hooper John N. A. , Wood Stephen A. , Mellick George D. , Quinn Ronald J.
Published: April 2014

The NMR spectrum of a mixture of small molecules is a fingerprint of all of its components. Herein, we present an NMR fingerprint method that takes advantage of the fact that fractions contain simplified NMR profiles, with minimal signal overlap, to allow the identification of unique spectral patterns. The approach is exemplified in the identification of a novel natural product, iotrochotazine A (1), sourced from an Australian marine sponge Iotrochota sp. Compound 1 was used as a chemical probe in a phenotypic assay panel based on human olfactory neurosphere‐derived cells (hONS) from idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients. Compound 1 at 1 μM was not cytotoxic but specifically affected the morphology and cellular distribution of lysosomes and early endosomes.
BERA PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS 2013
Authors: Menter Ian
Published: April 2014

In his inaugural Presidential Address, given to the BERA Conference 2013 at the University of Sussex, Ian Menter addresses a number of issues concerning educational policy and the contributions that educational research might make to policy development. As BERA approaches its fortieth anniversary, he also sets out some of the responsibilities that the association faces in ensuring the health and quality of education research in Britain.
ADHERENCE TO DISCRETE‐TRIAL INSTRUCTION PROCEDURES BY RURAL PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM
Authors: St. Peter Claire C. , Brunson Lashanna Y. , Cook James E. , Subramaniam Shrinidhi , Larson Nicholas A. , Clingan Mark , Poe Susannah G.
Published: April 2014

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders may not attempt treatment, even when effective treatment options are available. Little is known about how to improve frequency of attempts to implement treatment (‘treatment adherence’). We provided 32 rural parents of young children with autism spectrum disorders with either written or video training materials about how to implement discrete‐trial instruction and compared parental adherence between the written (control) and video (experimental) groups. Parents who received video instructions adhered to the training procedures to a significantly greater extent than did parents who received written instructions, suggesting that instruction format is a predictor of training success. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of naphazoline hydrochloride in biological and pharmaceutical samples by a quantum dot‐assisted chemiluminescence system using response‐surface methodology
Authors: Imani‐Nabiyyi Amin , Sorouraddin Mohammad H.
Published: April 2014

A simple and highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method is reported for the determination of naphazoline hydrochloride (NH). It was found that the weak CL from the reaction of luminol and KIO4 in an alkaline medium could be highly amplified by cysteine‐capped cadmium telluride quantum dots (QDs) and the enhanced CL was effectively quenched by NH and this finding was utilized as a basis for the determination of NH. The QDs were synthesized in aqueous medium and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV‐vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. A possible mechanism was proposed for the CL system based on radical identification experiments, along with CL spectrum of the system. The experimental parameters were optimized by the reliable response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized experimental conditions, the proposed method allowed the determination of NH over the range of 5.0 × 10‐10–2.0 × 10‐7 mol/L (r2 = 0.9993, n = 10). The precision (RSD%) of the method, obtained from five replicate determinations of 2.0 and 150 nmol/L NH, was found to be 1.0% and 1.3%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of NH in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine and serum samples with results corroborated with the aid of those obtained from a standard method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple and sensitive fluorescence method for the determination of trace ozone in air using acridine red as a probe
Authors: Liu Qingye , Lin Chenyin , Zhang Xinghui , Wen Guiqing , Liang Aihui
Published: April 2014

The ozone in an air sample was trapped by H3BO3‐LK solution to produce iodine (I2) that interacted with excess I– to form I3–. In pH 4.0 acetate buffer solutions, the I3– reacted with acridine red to form acridine red–I3 ion association particles that resulted in the fluorescence peak decreased at 553 nm. The decreased value ΔF553 nm is linear to the O3 concentration in the range 0.08–53.3 × 10–6 mol/L, with a detection limit of 4 × 10–8 mol/L. This fluorescence method was used to determine ozone in air samples, and the results were in agreement with that of indigo carmine spectrophotometry. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the antioxidant activity of some thiazolidinedione, imidazolidinedione and rhodanine derivatives having a flavone core
Authors: Berczyński Paweł , Kładna Aleksandra , Piechowska Teresa , Kruk Irena , Bozdağ‐Dündar Oya , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. , Ceylan‐Unlusoy Meltem , Ertan Rahmiye
Published: April 2014

A series of flavonyl‐2,4‐thiazolidinedione, imidazolidinedione and rhodanine derivatives were tested for their antioxidant activity as scavengers of oxygen free radicals. Free radical scavenging activities, including superoxide anion radical , hydroxyl radical (HO•) and 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical have been evaluated using chemiluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance and spin trapping with 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐1‐oxide as a spin trap. Potassium superoxide in dimethylsulfoxide and 18‐crown‐6 ether were used for the production of . Hydroxyl radical was generated using the Fenton reaction. Ten of the eleven examined compounds exhibited decrease in chemiluminescence, but there were large differences in the decrease, ranging from 16% to 89%; also, two of these compounds increased light emission by about 200%. On the contrary, all compounds tested exhibited 30–68% scavenging HO• and 25–96% scavenging the DPPH• radical respectively. Possible mechanisms are proposed to explain the results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallelpilzwelten
Authors: Thines Marco
Published: April 2014

Oomyceten sind eine Gruppe von Organismen, die wie Pilze aussehen, aber näher mit Braun‐ und Kieselalgen verwandt sind. Sie sind in nahezu in allen Lebensräumen der Erde zu finden, ihr Artenreichtum ist jedoch nur wenig erforscht. Neue Arten kann man nicht nur im Regenwald oder der Arktis, sondern auch vor der eigenen Haustür entdecken. Bekannt sind die Oomyceten in erster Linie als Verursacher von Pflanzenkrankheiten. Der Erreger der Kraut‐ und Knollenfäule (Phytophthora infestans) gelangte zu trauriger Berühmtheit, weil er die große Irische Hungersnot Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts auslöste, der hundertausende Iren zum Opfer fielen. Der hohe Gehalt an wertvollen omega‐3‐Fettsäuren in zahlreichen Oomyceten könnte jedoch in Zukunft für die Menschheit nutzbringend sein und helfen, Fischbestände zu schonen.
Die Auferstehung Christi aus medizinischer Sicht
Authors: Ledochowski Maximilian , Fuchs Dietmar
Published: April 2014

Es wurde öfters spekuliert, dass Christus durch die Kreuzigung nicht gestorben ist. Aus der Schilderung “einer der Soldaten stieß mit dem Speer in seine Seite, und sogleich floß Blut und Wasser heraus”, geht ziemlich eindeutig hervor, dass Jesus einen Pleuraerguss gehabt haben muss, als er gekreuzigt wurde. Es ist heute allgemein anerkannt, dass ein ausgedehnter Pleuraerguss zu Hypoxie und schließlich zum Erstickungstod führen kann, wenn nicht rechtzeitig eine Entlastungspunktion durchgeführt wird. Man kann spekulieren, dass mit dem Lanzenstich des Longinus nicht der sichere Tod, sondern ein lebensrettender “therapeutischer” Eingriff durchgeführt wurde, der Jesus Christus das Überleben ermöglichte.
Determination of free serotonin and its metabolite 5‐HIAA in blood human samples with consideration to pre‐analytical factors
Authors: Yubero‐Lahoz Samanta , Rodríguez Joan , Faura Anna , Pascual Julio , Oliveras Anna , Cao Higini , Farré Magí , de la Torre Rafael
Published: April 2014

Significant differences have been reported over the years in measuring physiological levels of free circulating serotonin (f5‐HT) in platelet‐poor plasma (PPP). This work shows that there are crucial pre‐analytical factors in sample manipulation that can provoke an artifactual release of 5‐HT from platelets, and that, even when the sample is accurately processed to obtain PPP, f5‐HT levels are approximately 2.8 times higher than those of f5‐HT in blood. An alternative methodology consisting of ex vivo blood microdialysis coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrochemical detection is proposed and validated. It is considered the most accurate technique to measure physiological circulating f5‐HT and its metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (f5‐HIAA), owing to its sensitivity (limits of quantification of 0.08 ng/mL) and reliability since there is no sample manipulation. The f5‐HT and f5‐HIAA levels in blood and in PPP were studied in control subjects, hypertensive and end‐stage renal disease patients, who have a deregulated serotonergic system. This work reveals that blood is the best matrix to determine f5‐HT concentrations, and the clinical relevance of the accuracy of f5‐HT determination is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing Facility Risk: External Threats and Health Care Organizations
Authors: Reid Daniel J. , Reid William H.
Published: April 2014

Clinicians and clinical administrators should have a basic understanding of physical and financial risk to mental health facilities related to external physical threat, including actions usually viewed as “terrorism” and much more common sources of violence. This article refers to threats from mentally ill persons and those acting out of bizarre or misguided “revenge,” extortionists and other outright criminals, and perpetrators usually identified as domestic or international terrorists. The principles apply both to relatively small and contained acts (such as a patient or ex‐patient attacking a staff member) and to much larger events (such as bombings and armed attack), and are relevant to facilities both within and outside the U.S. Patient care and accessibility to mental health services rest not only on clinical skills, but also on a place to practice them and an organized system supported by staff, physical facilities, and funding. Clinicians who have some familiarity with the non‐clinical requirements for care are in a position to support non‐clinical staff in preventing care from being interrupted by external threats or events such as terrorist activity, and/or to serve at the interface of facility operations and direct clinical care. Readers should note that this article is an introduction to the topic and cannot address all local, state and national standards for hospital safety, or insurance providers’ individual facility requirements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile Synthesis of 3 D Platinum Dendrites with a Clean Surface as Highly Stable Electrocatalysts
Authors: Wu Tian , Zhou Hui Ming , Xia Bao Yu , Xiao Peng , Yan Ya , Xie Ming Shi , Wang Xin
Published: April 2014

Pt nanostructures are intensively studied for many environmental and energy applications. Their synthesis normally involves capping agents/organic species or the assistance of templates/substrates, making the preparation process complicated. Therefore, it is still challenging to obtain Pt nanostructures with clean surface through a one‐step surfactant‐free method. We report herein the preparation of 3 D Pt nanodendrites with clean surface by a facile inorganic species assisted strategy. The possible specific adsorption of iron and nitrate ions would assist the growth of this 3 D Pt nanostructure. Thanks to its unique 3 D morphology composed of interconnected 1 D Pt nanorods/wires, the unsupported 3 D Pt nanodendrites exhibit higher stability and activity than commercial carbon black supported Pt nanoparticles and Pt black electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and oxidation of small fuel molecules.
Surfactant‐Induced Substrate Selectivity in the Palladium‐Nanoparticle‐Mediated Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Aldehydes in Water
Authors: La Sorella Giorgio , Canton Patrizia , Strukul Giorgio , Scarso Alessandro
Published: April 2014

A hundred‐fold substrate selectivity was observed in the competitive chemoselective hydrogenation of seven α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes from C4 to C10 in water with palladium nanoparticles stabilized by sodium dodecyl sulfonate as the surfactant. The medium makes the longer lipophilic substrates hundreds of times more reactive than the shorter more hydrophilic ones, whereas in an organic medium almost no difference is observed.
Electrocatalytic Synergy on Nanoparticulate Films Prepared from Oppositely Charged Pt and Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Dolinska Joanna , Kannan Palanisamy , Sashuk Volodymyr , Jonsson‐Niedziolka Martin , Kaszkur Zbigniew , Lisowski Wojciech , Opallo Marcin
Published: April 2014

Electrodes modified with oppositely charged platinum and gold nanoparticles exhibit electrocatalytic synergy of glucose oxidation. Such a simple method of preparation of bimetallic nanoparticulate films produces an electrode with significant shift of the onset potential as compared to electrodes prepared only from platinum (ca. 0.45 V) or gold (ca. 0.6 V) nanoparticles. The observed effect results from close proximity of the Au and Pt nanoparticles surfaces within the film. The electrode was also characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction measurements and cyclic voltammetry.
The Coordination Chemistry of Pentafluorophenylphosphino Pincer Ligands to Platinum and Palladium
Authors: Anderson Bradley G. , Spencer John L.
Published: April 2014

The synthesis of electron‐poor PCP pincer ligands 1,3‐((C6F5)2PO)2C6H4, 1,3‐((C6F5)2PCH2)2C6H4, and 1‐((C6F5)2PO)‐3‐(tBu2PCH2)C6H4, and their coordination chemistry to platinum and palladium is described. The most electron‐poor ligand 1,3‐((C6F5)2PO)2C6H4 (POCOPH) reacts with Group 10 metal chloride precursors to form a range of unusual cis, trans‐dimers of the type κ2‐P,P‐[(POCOPH)MCl(L)]2 (M=Pt, Pd; L=Cl, Me), which undergo metallation to form [(POCOP)MCl] pincer complexes only under prolonged thermolysis. The formation of such cis,trans‐dimers during pincer complex formation can be mitigated through the use of starting materials with more strongly binding ancillary ligands, improving the overall rate of ligand metallation. Carbonyl complexes of the type [(PCP)M(CO)]+ were synthesised from the pincer chloride complexes by halide abstraction, and displayed large ν(CO) values, from 2170–2111 cm−1, confirming the electron‐poor nature of the compounds. The [(PCP)Pd(CO)]+ complexes also demonstrated the ability to reversibly bind carbon monoxide both in solution and the solid state, with the rate of decarbonylation increasing with increasing wavenumber for the CO stretch.
Synthesis and Characterization of NiIIIN3S2 Complexes as Active Site Models for the Oxidized Form of Nickel Superoxide Dismutase
Authors: Chiang Chien‐Wei , Chu Yun‐Li , Chen Hong‐Ling , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Lee Way‐Zen
Published: April 2014

Nickel complexes, [Ni(H2BARTPP)](ClO4)2 (R=Ph for 1 or iPr for 2), supported by a pentadentate ligand H2BARTPP were synthesized and oxidized to form NiIII species having a N3S2 coordination environment to mimic the active site of the oxidized form of nickel superoxide dismutase (NiSODox). The NiIII species 2+ exhibited a rhombic signal with g values at 2.15, 2.12 and 2.02 similar to that of NiSODox. DFT calculations revealed that 2+ has an unpaired electron primarily located in the d orbital of the NiIII center, which strongly overlaps with the pz orbital of the axial pyridine nitrogen of H2BAPrTPP.