bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis, prevention and management of delirium: spot it, stop it, treat it
Authors: Yoon Isabel A. , Galarneau David , Winslow Marlie , Park Jacob , Mauricio Adam X. , Reade Michael C. , Teodorczuk Andrew
Published: November 2024

Delirium frequently occurs among hospital in-patients, with significant attributable healthcare costs. It is associated with long-term adverse outcomes, including an eightfold increased risk of subsequent dementia. The purpose of this article is to inform clinicians of the best practices for spotting, stopping and treating delirium and provide guidance on common challenging clinical dilemmas. For spotting delirium, suggested screening tools are the 4 ‘A's Test (in general medical settings) and the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Prevention is best achieved with multicomponent interventions and targeted strategies focusing on: (a) avoiding iatrogenic causes; (b) brain optimisation by ensuring smooth bodily functioning; (c) maintaining social interactions and normality. Non-pharmacological approaches are the first line for treatment; they largely mirror prevention strategies, but the focus of empirical evidence is on prevention. Although sufficient evidence is lacking for most pharmacological approaches, an antipsychotic at low doses for short durations may be of utility for highly distressing or high-risk situations, particularly in hyperactive delirium, but only as a last resort.
Response to Kuokkanen
Authors: Ellingsen Henrikke Sæthre
Published: November 2024

In this response to Rauna Kuokkanen’s (2022) critical reading of Henrikke Sæthre Ellingsen’s (2020) master’s thesis on wind power development in Norway, Ellingsen elaborates on what theoretical terms could have been used in the thesis to better elucidate a systematic pattern in Norwegian politics for the Saami population and illuminate the Fosen case to describe how the Norwegian government handles the knowledge provided by the Indigenous South Saami reindeer herders at Fosen when developing wind power in the latter’s essential winter pastures. The use of the term lack of knowledge helps make the Saami knowledge invisible, so instead, Ellingsen argues, several other theoretical perspectives can highlight the power asymmetry between the Saami community and the Norwegian government.
Use of Antibacterial Envelopes in Neuromodulation Surgeries With Implantable Device Insertion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Helen Michaela , Barbosa Lucas Mendes , Zamora Fernanda Valeriano , de Paula Bruna Oliveira , de Paula Guilherme Oliveira , Pilitsis Julie G. , da Costa Pablo Ramon Fruett
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Neuromodulation is an advanced therapeutic intervention for managing various neurological, psychiatric, and functional disorders. However, a significant challenge is the risk of infections at the device implantation site. Previous studies have shown that antibacterial envelopes used in cardiovascular surgeries significantly reduce infection risk. It is postulated that similar benefits could occur in neurosurgeries involving implant insertion, but the literature lacks studies analyzing this efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antibacterial envelopes in reducing infection rates associated with neuromodulation implants.

METHODS:

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases up to August 2024 for clinical trials comparing the use of antibacterial impregnated envelopes in patients undergoing neuromodulation-related implant insertion. This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed using R version 4.3.2. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies—of Interventions tool, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment. The study was registered in Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.

RESULTS:

Four studies, comprising 1242 patients, were included, of whom 704 (56.7%) received antibacterial envelopes. The pooled analysis showed that the odds of infection were 77% lower in patients using the antibacterial envelope compared with the control group (odds ratios = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.10-0.51; P < .001; I
2 = 2%).

CONCLUSION:

The use of an antibacterial envelope significantly reduces the odds of infection in patients undergoing neuromodulation-related implant insertion by 77%. These findings underscore the potential of antibacterial envelopes to improve postoperative outcomes.
Efemeryczne ojczyzny. Walka mieszkańców atoli Czagos, Kwajalein, Bikini i Enewetak o odzyskanie ojcowizny
Authors: Sobczyński Marek
Published: November 2024

Celem artykułu jest analiza komparatystyczna starań podejmowanych przez mieszkańców atoli Czagos (dziś w składzie Brytyjskiego Terytorium Oceanu Indyjskiego) oraz Enewetak (Eniwetok), Bikini i Kwajalein (Republika Wysp Marshalla) z kolonizatorami, najpierw o prawo do zachowania swoich ojczyzn, a następnie walka na drodze prawnej i dyplomatycznej o ich odzyskanie. Ustalono cechy wspólne oraz te, które różnią oba porównywane procesy. Utrata prawa do swoich wysp nastąpiła paradoksalnie w okresie, kiedy inne zniewolone ludy wkraczały na drogę niepodległości i suwerenności ich ziem. Do przeprowadzenia analizy zastosowano metodologię geografii historycznej, politycznej oraz nauk politycznych. U podłoża konfliktu leży zimna wojna i dążenie mocarstw kolonialnych do ustanowienia silnych punktów strategicznych pozostających pod ich militarną kontrolą. Jednym z kluczowych działań na tej drodze była budowa wojskowych baz morsko-lotniczych oraz przekształcanie całych wysp w poligony doświadczalne w procesie testowania coraz bardziej nowoczesnych technik w zakresie broni masowego rażenia. Mocarstwa kolonialne nie respektowały podstawowego prawa człowieka, prawa do posiadania ojczyzny i deportowały mieszkańców tych atoli na inne wyspy (z Kwajalein w 1945 r., z Bikini w 1946 r., z Enewetak w 1947 r. i z Czagos w 1965 r.). Na początku XXI w. przymusowi migranci wezwali mocarstwa do zwrotu swoich ojczyzn w związku z zakończeniem testów broni jądrowej oraz utratą strategicznego znaczenia baz wojskowych. Ponieważ apele nie przyniosły skutku, byli mieszkańcy wstąpili na drogę batalii sądowej, którą najczęściej wygrywają, mając racje moralne po swojej stronie. Stany Zjednoczone na atolach pacyficznych podjęły rokowania z mieszkańcami wysp-poligonów, które częściowo zrekultywowano, i zaproponowały odszkodowania, natomiast Wielka Brytania, pomimo wyroku londyńskiego sądu nakazującego przywrócenie Czagos pierwotnym mieszkańcom, nadal go nie realizowała, aż do 3 października 2024 r.
The effect of Vitamin C in the therapy of haemolactia in dairy cows
Authors: Ninković M , Arsić S , Žutić J , Bojkovski J , Zdravković N , Panousis N
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intravenous administration of vitamin C in the therapy of haemolactia in dairy cows. Haemolactia is often of unknown origin, and it can occur due to vitamin C deficiency. The research was carried out on twenty-eight dairy cows having clinical signs of haemolactia, with a clinical score of 2 or 3. The cows of the group A (n=10) were treated intravenously with 2000 mg vitamin C, those of the Group B (n=10) with 3000 mg vitamin C intravenously, whereas cows of group C (n=8) were served as controls and remained untreated. The vitamin C application was once per day intravenously until symptoms disappeared. The appearance of milk and the therapeutic effects of vitamin C were monitored during milking, based on the visual appearance of milk. The average duration of haemolactia in both treated groups A and B was significantly lower (72 h and 68 h, respectively) compared to the control group C (102 h) (p<0.05 for both). Vitamin C was shown to be beneficial in the therapy of haemolactia; no statistical difference was observed regarding the administered doses of vitamin C (2000 vs. 3000 mg). The results prove the importance of vitamin C administration to shorten the duration of haemolactia in dairy cows
Growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, blood parameters, and gut morphology of Italian quails fed diets containing chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.)
Authors: Karadağoğlu Ö , Ahmed I , Şahin T , Ölmez M , Özsoy B , Şerbetçi İ , Karadağoğlu G , Sarı EK , Öğün M , Riaz R
Published: November 2024

The main objective of the study was to determine the growth, hematological parameters, and gut-associated attributes in Italian quails fed chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) (CS). Two hundred mixed-sex, 1-day-old Italian quails were randomly distributed into four treatment groups (n=50 birds/group) kept in five replicate pens with 10 birds per pen from day 1 to 35, under a completely randomized design. The control group received a basal diet with no CS, whereas the other groups were fed diets containing 1%, 2%, and 3% CS. Results revealed that for the 0-5 weeks study period, the live weigh, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (P = 0.05) improved with supplementation of 3% CS. However significant (P < 0.05) difference was noticed within groups for slaughter live weight, hot carcass, cold carcass, dressing percentage, heart and liver weight, and pH of carcass at the time of slaughter and after 24 hours. Similarly, breast meat dry matter, ash percentage, cooking loss, and water holding capacity were also not influenced (P < 0.05) by supplementation of CS. Regarding gut associated attributes, the ileal villus height (VH) of the control diet is higher compared with those fed CS means supplementation of CS resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) VH, whereas crypt depth (CD) was reduced (P = 0.001) quadratically. The total protein and cholesterol profile significantly (P = 0.001) improved, and the lipids profile decreased significantly (P = 0.001) with the supplementation of CS. The CS-fed groups had substantially greater values of myristoleic acid, linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, PUFA, USFA, PUFA/SFA, UFA/SFA, and omega 6 (n6), whereas lower values of palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, eicosanoic acid, erucic acid, SFA in breast meat of quails compared to the control group. In conclusion, the supplementation of 3% CS resulted in better growth performance, improved blood parameters, and enhanced nutritional profile of quail breast meat for human consumption.
Prevalence of Leishmania infantum in felines from Heraklion region, Crete
Authors: Smyrli A , Sotiraki S , Ligda P , Ligdas A , Restivakis I , Chalkiadaki V , Venetaki K , Filos N , Dalampeki M , Theodosiadis G , Daskalakis M , Cozma V
Published: November 2024

Greece is recognized as an endemic region for various species of Leishmania, a genus of parasitic protozoa transmitted through the bites of infected female sandflies. This indicates that the country serves as a natural reservoir for this parasite, infecting both humans and animals. This study focuses on Heraklion, Crete, one of Greece's largest cities, where there is currently no available data on the prevalence of leishmaniosis in the feline population. While cases of canine leishmaniosis have been documented in various parts of the island, there have been no reported cases of feline leishmaniosis in Heraklion. This study primarily investigates the prevalence of leishmaniosis in cats as a means of detection in this species in Heraklion. To accomplish this, between 2018 – 2023, EDTA-blood samples and conjunctival swab samples were collected from a total of 253 feral cats. The cats were divided into two groups, depending on the location they lived (i.e., areas out of the city center or close to/in the city center): the initial group consisted of 112 cats, while the latter group comprised 141 cats. Both groups encompassed cats of various ages, habitats, and both genders. The samples were stored at -18 °C and analyzed with TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR for the presence of Leishmania infantum DNA.Out of the cat population included in the study, 15 were tested positive for FeL (5.93%). Despite the lower prevalence of leishmaniosis compared to dogs, it should be taken into account, especially for differential diagnosis. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that confirms the presence of FeL in felines in Heraklion.
Patterns of benthic diversity in marine underwater caves of the Marseille Region (France, North-Western Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: DERRIEN MARIE , CHEVALDONNÉ PIERRE , PÉREZ THIERRY
Published: November 2024

Underwater caves are remarkable habitats of the Mediterranean Sea. In the present study, we compare the geomorphology of four underwater caves of the Marseille area and the associated sessile assemblages across two contrasted communities (Semi- Dark and Dark-cave communities). Using a non-destructive method of sampling, photoquadrats of the walls of the caves were performed in 2020 to assess the biodiversity and the structure of these communities. In addition, taking advantage of available reference data from 2015, we evaluate the changes in sponge assemblages for the period 2015-2020, focusing on observations of the Semi-Dark cave community. Our results illustrate how the diversity of environmental settings and cave morphologies shape the benthic community composition of the four caves. In all four caves, the Semi-Dark community is the more diverse and harbours the higher number of species when compared to the Dark community. Each cave presents a different species assemblage with in most cases, distinct dominant species which highlight the singularity of each cave. Moreover, our temporal change assessment demonstrates a critical decrease in sponge species richness for all caves, possibly related to the increasing frequency of marine heatwaves that have occurred in the last decade. Although some species (mostly in the Keratosa subclass) seem to be particularly affected, other species such as Chondrosia reniformis appear to have benefitted from the situation. Our findings underline the importance of biodiversity monitoring in a context of a rapidly changing environment, in particular in poorly resilient marine ecosystems such as underwater caves.
DIRECTIONS OF ENSURING EFFICIENT ACTIVITIES OF FAMILY FORMS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Authors: Kal'chenko Sergey
Published: November 2024

In modern conditions, the issues of ensuring the effective functioning of small forms of economic activity are of great importance for the effective functioning of rural areas in social and economic and administrative aspects. In this regard, there is a need to substantiate effective models of economic activity for family forms of agricultural production. These issues are especially relevant for new regions of the Russian Federation. In the course of the study, it was established that peasant farms of Zaporozhye region, included in the cooperative, are differentiated by commodity. Representatives of the commodity group are the least numerous, but they use more than 50% of the total area of agricultural land. In order to improve the efficiency of using the resource potential, increase the number of commodity-type farms and improve the level of well-being of their members, it was proposed to optimize the structure of land use. The proposed land use structure is as follows: cherries - 48%, apricots - 15%, other fruits - 7%, potatoes - 21%, tomatoes - 5%, other crops - 4% of the total volume of agricultural land. Practical implementation of the proposed recommendations will reduce labor costs by 32.7%, but at the same time financial costs increase by 71.4%. Reducing the labor intensity of agricultural production increases the attractiveness of this model for family forms of farming. According to the research results, an increase in the conditional level of profitability by 269 points, as well as the level of family income by 16.2% is noted, which proves the social effect of the implementation of this project for residents of rural areas. A scientifically substantiated model of mutually beneficial cooperation of family forms of agricultural production is an incentive for their participation in the activities of cooperative integration entities.
APPROACHES TO IMPLEMENTING RISK MANAGEMENT IN AN UNCERTAIN AND TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT (CASE OF GRAIN PRODUCTION)
Authors: Kumratova Alfira , Plotnikov Vladimir , Smeshko Oleg
Published: November 2024

In the modern Russian socio-economic system, there is an objective increase in uncertainty and turbulence, which requires adequate management responses. In connection with the sanctions pressure, in agriculture the strategy of reducing the risks of import dependence is becoming a stimulating factor for development. The study was conducted on the example of grain production development, which has some specifics from the standpoint of management and, in particular, risk management. The purpose of the study is to generalize approaches to risk management in an uncertain and turbulent external environment and to develop on this basis a risk distribution scheme between management entities in the risk management system adapted to the specifics of grain production. It is shown that the increase in the values of economic indicators of grain production is influenced by natural and climatic conditions, they determine the quality of grain products, costs and the complex of applied agrotechnological measures. In addition to the observed "standard" variability of natural and climatic conditions, the study also identifies extreme risk events that require forecasting and consideration when managing grain production. Also, risks in the considered sphere are caused by diversity and interdependence of such factors as natural and climatic, soil, technological, economic, social, legal, etc. In their mutual interweaving, these factors determine annual fluctuations of economic indicators (yield, gross harvest, sown area) in grain production in Russia. As a result of the study, it was established that risk management procedures in the sphere of grain production should be carried out according to the hierarchical principle with the allocation of at least two levels: the coordinating level - the executive level. Based on this idea, an industry structural and functional model of risk management at various levels of decision-making has been developed. This model has the property of dualism: some levels are simultaneously coordinating, offering strategic solutions to lower levels, and executive - for higher structures. Implementation of the developed model in the practice of risk management in grain production will increase its sustainability and predictability.
Pregnancy as an important risk factor for the progression of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Gurdak Kinga , Kopczyńska Urszula , Kopczyński Cezary , Partyka Aleksandra , Błaszczak Ewa , Wójcik Jakub , Dyrek Martyna , Dydyk Martyna , Malinowski Piotr , Małachowski Aleksander
Published: November 2024

Diabetic retinopathy, also defined as diabetic eye disease is one of the main causes of eye complications and blindless in the world therefore leads to irreversible vision disorder and vision loss. A pregnant women as a patient is always a real challenge for doctors of various specialties. During this period, numerous systemic changes occur, such as increased blood pressure in the third trimester, increased blood volume insulin resistance with worsening glycemic control and excessive coagulation. The above complication may be reflected in the image of the fundus of the eye. Pregnancy may induce retinal disease such as diabetic retinopathy. This review article presents the incidence, pathogenesis and risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy. More over in the following paper discussed management of diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy and guidelines are recommended based on the achievable evidence.
Obraz kobiet wiejskich w wybranych utworach prozatorskich nurtu chłopskiego oraz pamiętnikach chłopek
Authors: Jamiołkowski Andrzej
Published: November 2024

Zjawisko opisane przez Henryka Berezę jako nurt chłopski w literaturze było w obrębieliteratury polskiej czymś wyjątkowym. Dzięki wywodzącym się z prowincji twórcom, takim jak:Julian Kawalec, Tadeusz Nowak, Wiesław Myśliwski, Edward Redliński i Marian Pilot, wieś zyskałareprezentację w głównym nurcie kultury i literatury lat 1945–1989. Jednak również wśród tekstównurtu chłopskiego można wskazać tematy, które nie znalazły swojego odzwierciedlenia lub znajdowały je rzadko. Wśród utworów należących do nurtu chłopskiego da się zauważyć niewielką reprezentację kobiet, zarówno wśród autorek, jak i równorzędnych w stosunku do postaci męskich bohaterek. Najada (1970), Diabły (1971) i Gorczyca (1981) to nieliczne przykłady utworów skupiających się na żeńskiej perspektywie życia na prowincji. Wyraziste postacie matek, córek i żon stanowią uzupełnienie męskiej perspektywy, która – jak się wydaje – zdominowała nurt chłopski.Obraz życia przedstawiony w literaturze zostanie skonfrontowany z relacjami kobiet wiejskich, wysyłanymi na konkurs Instytutu Rozwoju Wsi i Rolnictwa Polskiej Akademii Nauk, opublikowanymi w latach 1975–1976 w trzech zbiorach z serii Wspomnienia Kobiet Wiejskich: Czyste wody moich uczuć (1975), Rola przeorana, dom piękny (1975) i Być w środku życia (1976).
Wysiłek, efekt i ocenianie ciał. Reprezentacje pracy w Państwowych Gospodarstwach Rolnych
Authors: Maniak Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

Tekst poświęcony jest zagadnieniu postrzegania pracy robotnic i robotników Państwowych Gospodarstw Rolnych, działających w Polsce od 1949 roku do lat 90-tych. Autorka skupia się na dominującym modelu reprezentacji, ale również na kontrreprezentacjach tworzonych oddolnie przez członków społeczności popegeerowskich.  Szukając źródeł i manifestacji wyobrażeń o PGR-ach kieruje się w stronę świadectw autobiograficznych oraz filmów reportażowych. Choć analizowane materiały pochodzą z różnych rejestrów to charakteryzuje je tematyczna zbieżność – skupienie na kwestiach zaprzeczenia i uznania wysiłku pracy.
W wyobrażeniach na temat pracy w PGR istotną rolę odgrywają wzory dotyczące relacji folwarcznych, natomiast wartościowania pracy podejmowanej w rolnictwie sprzężone są ze stanem własności środka produkcji – ziemi. W opisie reprezentacji pracy w PGR-ach użyteczna okazuje się jednak również dialektyka pojęć: wysiłek i jego rezultaty, która stanowi ważny element oceniania pracujących ciał. W proponowanych ujęciu wyobrażenia na temat pracy stają się narzędziem służącym do reprodukowania dystynkcji społecznych.
Miara, reguła, wytwór
Authors: Gomóła Anna , Kosowska Ewa
Published: November 2024

W drugiej połowie lat 70. ubiegłego wieku Eugeniusz Jaworski podjął oryginalnie zaprojektowane badania nad górnośląskim budownictwem drewnianym. Jego poszukiwania początkowo mieściły się w formule tradycyjnych badań etnograficznych, ale były przede wszystkim nastawione na studia cywilizacjograficzne i historycznokulturowe. Przedmiotem pogłębionej analizy stała się dokumentacja architektoniczna drewnianego budynku mieszkalnego, który po rekonstrukcji usytuowany został w Górnośląskim Parku Etnograficznym. Analiza ta uwzględniała nie tylko dotychczasowe wyniki badań etnograficznych i architektonicznych, ale i obejmowała obszary uprzednio pomijane: wiedzę i kompetencje cieśli, w tym ścisłość pomiaru i zasadę konstruowania. Badania Jaworskiego cechowała samodzielność intelektualna i wnikliwość analityczna, a jednocześnie brak uproszczeń oraz protekcjonalizmu wobec tzw. kultury ludowej. W tradycyjnej etnografii aspekt czynnościowy bywał podporządkowany aspektowi przedmiotowemu, stąd trudno było odtworzyć algorytm dawnych działań wytwórczych Zasadniczym celem artykułu nie jest recenzowanie wydanej niedawno monografii, ale zwrócenie uwagi na problemy, z którymi musiał liczyć się badacz realizujący projekt usytuowany poza standardowym nurtem badań kulturologicznych. Doniosłość wytyczonego przez Jaworskiego kierunku studiów potwierdzają najnowsze, nieliczne, ale nowatorskie i oryginalne prace badaczy zachodnich. Natomiast na odzew badaczy polskich trzeba jeszcze poczekać.
Co znaczy poniemieckie? Zarys problematyki na przykładzie narracji mieszkańców Wrocławia
Authors: Biskupska Kamilla
Published: November 2024

Przymiotnik poniemieckie jest od dekad elementem praktyki językowej kolejnych pokoleń mieszkańców „Ziem Odzyskanych”. Do tej pory nie zostały jednak poddane głębszej analizie znaczenia nadawane temu terminowi. Autorka przedstawia znaczeniowe konteksty funkcjonowania poniemieckiego w dyskursie akademickim oraz analizuje zebrany materiał empiryczny – wywiady z drugim i trzecim pokoleniem mieszkańców Wrocławia – pod kątem znaczeń nadawanych współcześnie temu pojęciu. Niniejszy artykuł jest głosem w dyskusji nad postrzeganiem i włączaniem do tożsamości mieszkańców tych ziem dziedzictwa niemieckiego, ciągle obecnego na terenach przyłączonych do Polski w 1945 roku.
Uchodźcy i uchodźstwo: od "studiów uchodźczych" do narodowego porządku rzeczy
Authors: Malkki Liisa H.
Published: November 2024

Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu krytyczne przedstawienie nieprzerwanego konstruowania uchodźców i wysiedleń jako antropologicznej dziedziny wiedzy. Sytuuje ono wyłaniające się kategorie “uchodźcy” i “studiów uchodźczych” na dwa sposoby – po pierwsze, w ujęciu historycznym, przyglądając się temu, jak zarządzano wysiedleniami w Europie w następstwie drugiej wojny światowej, po drugie zaś, poprzez prześledzenie całego szeregu różnych dyskursywnych i instytucjonalnych obszarów, w ramach których „uchodźcy” czy/i „bycie na uchodźstwie” były i są konstruowane. Do owych obszarów należą: prawo międzynarodowe, stosunki międzynarodowe, dokumentacja wytwarzana przez ONZ oraz inne międzynarodowe agencje ds. uchodźców, badania nad rozwojem oraz literaturoznawstwo. Ostatnia część niniejszego opracowania pokrótce omawia najnowsze prace dotyczące wysiedleń, diaspory oraz deterytorializacji w kontekście badań nad tożsamością kulturową, nacjonalizmem, transnarodowymi formami kulturowymi – jako prace umożliwiające nowe sposoby konceptualizowania antropologicznych badań wysiedleń.
Efficiently Constructing Convex Approximation Sets in Multiobjective Optimization Problems
Authors: Helfrich Stephan , Ruzika Stefan , Thielen Clemens
Published: November 2024

Convex approximation sets for multiobjective optimization problems are a well-studied relaxation of the common notion of approximation sets. Instead of approximating each image of a feasible solution by the image of some solution in the approximation set up to a multiplicative factor in each component, a convex approximation set only requires this multiplicative approximation to be achieved by some convex combination of finitely many images of solutions in the set. This makes convex approximation sets efficiently computable for a wide range of multiobjective problems: even for many problems for which (classic) approximations sets are hard to compute. In this article, we propose a polynomial-time algorithm to compute convex approximation sets that builds on an exact or approximate algorithm for the weighted sum scalarization and is therefore applicable to a large variety of multiobjective optimization problems. The provided convex approximation quality is arbitrarily close to the approximation quality of the underlying algorithm for the weighted sum scalarization. In essence, our algorithm can be interpreted as an approximate version of the dual variant of Benson’s outer approximation algorithm. Thus, in contrast to existing convex approximation algorithms from the literature, information on solutions obtained during the approximation process is utilized to significantly reduce both the practical running time and the cardinality of the returned solution sets while still guaranteeing the same worst-case approximation quality. We underpin these advantages by the first comparison of all existing convex approximation algorithms on several instances of the triobjective knapsack problem and the triobjective symmetric metric traveling salesman problem.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete.

Funding: This research was supported by the German Research Foundation [Project 398572517].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0220 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0220 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
The Economics of Capital Allocation in Firms: Evidence from Internal Capital Markets
Authors: Hoang Daniel , Gatzer Sebastian , Ruckes Martin
Published: November 2024

We analyze a unique chief financial officer (CFO) survey data set to examine capital allocation in firms. Top management is aware of agency and information problems at the divisional level and organizes the budgeting process to counteract managerial opportunism, employing systems of interconnected measures, including layers of approval, divisional budgets, reporting requirements, and compensation schemes. When making funding decisions, top management relies heavily on top-level nonfinancial information, such as the assessment of divisional managers’ abilities. However, substantial parts of the capital budget do not require top management approval as firms trade off the benefits and costs of decentralization, thereby deviating from the traditional paradigm of decentralized project initiation but centralized project approval. Even firms with active internal capital markets tilt capital allocation toward relatively even distributions, reflecting the use of capital allocation as a credible communication device. We also find that within-firm agency problems may result in capital rationing, that is, divisions’ restricted access to internal capital. CFOs also believe that integrating multiple businesses into an internal capital market results in tangible financial benefits, predominantly lower costs of capital and higher debt capacities. Thus, our findings also support coinsurance arguments suggesting that internal capital markets may improve access to external financing.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Funding: This work was supported by the BBBank Karlsruhe, Wissenschaftsförderung der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe, and Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (Karlsruhe House of Young Scientists). Publishing fees were supported by the “Funding Programme Open Access Publishing” of the University of Hohenheim.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02755 .
Robust Workforce Management with Crowdsourced Delivery
Authors: Cheng Chun , Sim Melvyn , Zhao Yue
Published: November 2024

Revolutionize Workforce Management of Crowdsourced Delivery Platforms

The surge in online shopping is driving e-retailers to revamp their logistics for efficient, cost-effective deliveries. Many are embracing crowdsourced delivery, where independent couriers use personal vehicles for swift shipments. Major players like Amazon and Walmart have pioneered this shift in delivery methods. To tackle uncertainties in this model, platforms are blending ad hoc couriers with prehired couriers. This hybrid approach ensures reliability in customer service while managing costs effectively. However, balancing this mix poses challenges, as future demands are still being determined. This study proposes a robust satisficing framework to optimize workforce management in delivery platforms. This innovative method aims to enhance cost-effectiveness and service quality by addressing uncertainties in ad hoc couriers’ availability and behavior. It offers a strategic tool for platforms to navigate workforce resources efficiently amidst fluctuating demands and cost constraints.
Central Asia in Regional and Global Policies of Russia and China
Authors: Uslu Nasuh
Published: November 2024

From a realist perspective, there is a power competition between China and Russia and the US-led West. Russian rulers felt that the very existence of Russia was seriously threatened by the advancement of the West in an anarchic system, and they reacted by launching military intervention in Georgia and Ukraine. The efforts of Russian rulers to firmly bind Central Asian countries to Russia through bilateral economic and military relations as well as regional organizations have also been shaped by their struggle to preserve Russian existence against the West. China’s efforts to bind regional countries to itself through the SCO and the BRI is a power accumulation reaction given by a state that has emerged as a power pole vis-a-vis the dominant power to the possibility of being prevented from strengthening itself within the system. Russia and China’s efforts to act together in regional initiatives have emerged as an effort of balancing the West. Accordingly, China’s becoming more influential in the region has been managed by the two states with the same concern and this has served the interests of regional countries. In this study, Russia and China’s policies towards regional countries and their approaches in regional organizations have been explained and analyzed from the realist perspective.
Geopolitical Analysis of the Shusha Declaration: Constructing Theoretical Framework in the Regional Order Context
Authors: Çelik Metin , Aslanlı Kenan
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive relations between Türkiye and Azerbaijan, characterized by the “one nation, two states” discourse, have not only an emotional but also a rational dimension. The Shusha Declaration upgraded
bilateral relations to the level of a political and military alliance on cemented rational basis. In addition to advancing of bilateral relations, the Shusha Declaration also contributed to building a new regional order in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the entire Turkic World, legally and politically. The article attempts to construct a theoretical framework to examine the contribution of the Shusha Declaration on the regional order-building process in the context of regional power dynamics, common identity and ideology, exigent internal and external threats, domestic political transformation, political leadership, and tangible regional cooperation initiatives such as Zangezur Corridor.
From Chinggisid to Modern State: Geopolitics and Sovereignty in Central Eurasia during the 17th and 18th Centuries
Authors: Atik Kubilay , Beylur Suat , Kenzheakhmet Nurlan
Published: November 2024

The decline of the Mongol Empire and its successor states led to anarchy in Central Eurasia from the 16th to the 18th centuries. This era saw the fall of the Timurids and the Ming Dynasty and the rise of new regional powers, including the Kazakhs and Zunggars in Central Asia. Externally, the Manchus, and Russia began influencing Central Asian geopolitics. Meanwhile, significant political, cultural, and scientific developments were taking place in Europe, alongside the rise of colonialism. Although these trends in Europe began to affect Central Asia, the regional powers of the time focused more on European technological innovations than on ideas of sovereignty and statehood. With the acceleration of political and culturalinteractions between the East and the West, mapping and related innovations reached Central Asia and soon became symbols of political hegemony. This strategy, adopted by China’s Ming and Manchu Qing dynasties and Russia, was efficiently utilized in the struggle for dominance in Central Asia. This article examines the last attempts of the regional Kazakh and Zunggar polities as independent states to become the hegemon power in the region within the framework of the role of mapping in Russian and Manchu colonial advances, which has not been sufficiently studied yet. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this study employs historical methodologies, as well as international relations terminologies and theoretical frameworks.
Reconstruction after proximal ulnar resection
Authors: Prajapati Ashwin , Thakur Rudra P. S. , Gulia Ashish , Puri Ajay
Published: November 2024

Aims

Reconstruction after osteoarticular resection of the proximal ulna for tumours is technically difficult and little has been written about the options that are available. We report a series of four patients who underwent radial neck to humeral trochlea transposition arthroplasty following proximal ulnar osteoarticular resection.

Methods

Between July 2020 and July 2022, four patients with primary bone tumours of the ulna underwent radial neck to humeral trochlea transposition arthroplasty. Their mean age was 28 years (12 to 41). The functional outcome was assessed using the range of motion (ROM) of the elbow, rotation of the forearm and stability of the elbow, the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score (MSTS), and the nine-item abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH-9) score.

Results

All patients were available for follow-up at a mean of 33 months (25 to 43) and were disease-free. The mean flexion arc was 0° to 105°. Three patients had complications. One had neuropraxia of the ulnar nerve. The symptoms resolved after three months. In one patient, the screw used for fixation of the triceps tendon became exposed and was removed, six months postoperatively. One patient with wound dehiscence required a local flap for soft-tissue cover, four months postoperatively. At a mean follow-up of 33 months (25 to 43), the mean flexion arc was 0° to 105°. All patients had full supination (85°) but none had any pronation. The mean MSTS score was 23.5 (23 to 24) and mean QuickDASH-9 score was 26.13 (16.5 to 35.75). Three patients had varus-valgus instability on examination, although only one had a sense of instability while working.

Conclusion

Radial neck to humeral trochlea transposition offers a satisfactory and cost-effective biological reconstructive option after osteoarticular resection of the proximal ulna, in the short term. It provides good elbow function and, being a biological reconstruction option using native bone, is likely to provide long-term stability and durability.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(11):1301–1305.
Bridging the gap: enhancing orthopaedic outcomes through qualitative research integration
Authors: Mew Louise E. , Heaslip Vanessa , Immins Tikki , Ramasamy Arul , Wainwright Thomas W.
Published: November 2024

Aims

The evidence base within trauma and orthopaedics has traditionally favoured quantitative research methodologies. Qualitative research can provide unique insights which illuminate patient experiences and perceptions of care. Qualitative methods reveal the subjective narratives of patients that are not captured by quantitative data, providing a more comprehensive understanding of patient-centred care. The aim of this study is to quantify the level of qualitative research within the orthopaedic literature.

Methods

A bibliometric search of journals’ online archives and multiple databases was undertaken in March 2024, to identify articles using qualitative research methods in the top 12 trauma and orthopaedic journals based on the 2023 impact factor and SCImago rating. The bibliometric search was conducted and reported in accordance with the preliminary guideline for reporting bibliometric reviews of the biomedical literature (BIBLIO).

Results

Of the 7,201 papers reviewed, 136 included qualitative methods (0.1%). There was no significant difference between the journals, apart from Bone & Joint Open, which included 21 studies using qualitative methods, equalling 4% of its published articles.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that there is a very low number of qualitative research papers published within trauma and orthopaedic journals. Given the increasing focus on patient outcomes and improving the patient experience, it may be argued that there is a requirement to support both quantitative and qualitative approaches to orthopaedic research. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods may effectively address the complex and personal aspects of patients’ care, ensuring that outcomes align with patient values and enhance overall care quality.
CIDADE SANTUÁRIO: um conceito a ser conhecido e expandido
Authors: Machado Júnior Celso , Martins da Silva Maxwel , Moreira Zittei Marcus Vinicius , Bazanini Roberto , Furlaneto Cristiane Jaciara , Pereira Trefiglio Ricardo
Published: November 2024

Regra geral, uma localidade ao se definir como santuário passa a adotar políticas que protegem os imigrantes não legais que ali residem. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, com o apoio do emprego da pesquisa documental, o presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar os serviços ofertados pelos municípios autointitulados como Cidade Santuário nos Estados Unidos. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que apenas trinta de um total de cinquenta estados americanos possuem cidades autointituladas santuários. Em relação aos serviços prestados na forma de benefícios aos imigrantes pelas cidades santuários e pelo governo federal buscam atender as necessidades básicas ofertando serviços de alimentação e saúde, gratuidade no transporte público e proteção policial. Conclui-se, portanto, que, em razão de sua relevância, o conceito de Cidade Santuário deve mais bem compreendido e disseminado por constituir elemento inalienável do direito à vida e dignidade da pessoa humana.
Breaking the silence: exploring the sociocultural context of domestic violence for Chinese migrant women in Australia
Authors: Louie Yee Man , Vasil Stefani
Published: November 2024

Research examining the specificity of domestic violence (DV) for culturally and linguistically diverse women has grown considerably in Australia over the past several years, however, few studies have focused on the experiences of East Asian migrant victim-survivors of DV. This article reports on findings from an in-depth qualitative study and explores the perceptions of and responses to DV for Chinese migrant women from mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. The article shows that sociocultural and patriarchal values had an enduring impact on women’s experiences of and decision-making for DV. It also shows how cultural norms and practices connected to face (面子), family harmony (家庭和睦), family hierarchy (等級家庭制) and filial piety (孝) can be exploited by perpetrators and used against victim-survivors in the enactment of DV and coercive control. Findings highlight the importance of attending to the cultural specificity of DV for migrant women with a shared ethnicity with policy and practice implications for the provision of support from both mainstream and multicultural services.
Lissaniska, Co. Kerry—an archaeological and historical examination of an early medieval trivallate enclosure within the Kingdom of Corcu Duibne
Authors: Lyne Ed , MacCotter Paul
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Trivallate enclosures are extremely rare in Ireland and very few have been subject to archaeological excavation to date. Accordingly, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding their chronology, relationships to nearby contemporary sites and role within society. In 2017/2018, archaeological fieldwork carried out in advance of a road development on the N70 near Milltown in Co. Kerry afforded the opportunity to examine a former trivallate ringfort known as Lissaniska ( Lios an Uisce ; fort of the water). Excavation focused on the northern extent of the three ditches, revealing water management features and a side channel in the inner ditch containing a series of troughs or pits. The latter were interpreted as likely used for retting flax, perhaps also nettle. This was supported by the identification of flax and nettle pollen, a flax sheaf, and an insect assemblage that indicated temporary standing water mixed with decaying plant detritus. An important assemblage of well-preserved discarded structural wood and wooden vessels, both carved and stave-built, were also recovered from the inner ditch, hinting at the everyday life of those that once lived and worked here. Scientific dating of the site indicated it was built and occupied between the sixth/seventh and ninth centuries AD, while historical research offered insight into the contemporary political and social landscape. This suggested the site was likely part of the estate of Cell Achaid Coinchinn (Killagh), the chief church of the Mag Coinchinn, which was a local or petty kingdom in the regional kingdom of Corcu Duibne. It could therefore be speculated that Lissaniska was linked to the manufacture of linen, perhaps for the associated ecclesiastical community.
Survey of religious archives in Ireland
Authors: Mullins Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The archives of religious organisations are some of the most significant, contested and least accessible repositories in Ireland. The decreasing size of the country's Roman Catholic religious congregations and the reorganisation of dioceses means that these archives also represent some of the island's most endangered collections. Aiming to address the need for more transparency about these repositories and to raise awareness of their vulnerability, this research presents the findings of a survey of Irish religious archives that was carried out in the Spring/Summer of 2022. Divided into four sections, the findings provide quantitative data about a range of subjects, such as the content of repositories, the training level of staff, and the distribution of their work. In addition, the paper presents qualitative information about what it is like to work in a religious archive, what people in these roles find difficult or interesting, and what meaning they, and the organisations they work for, attach to their records. The paper brings into relief the significance that many of those working in religious archives attach to the provision of access and the barriers to this process, such as resourcing and organisational culture. Drawing on international comparators, the paper highlights some of the central challenges facing contemporary religious archives in Ireland. It also highlights the need for a concerted effort to realise the opportunities that exist to preserve and increase access to these resources.
Switchable anisotropic diffraction mode filter based on fork-like liquid crystal gratings
Authors: Gasparyan P. K. , Margaryan H. L. , Abrahamyan V. K. , Sargsyan T. K. , Hakobyan N. H.
Published: November 2024

The interaction of liquid crystal (LC) fork-like gratings (FLGs) with a Laguerre–Gaussian beam of the TEM00 mode is described. It is experimentally shown that when the direction of the light polarization vector differs from the direction of the LC eigenvectors, the medium behaves as an FLG with a controlled modulation depth, and in the opposite case, it is isotropic and homogeneous. Distributions of the intensities of the longitudinal section of the beam in the infinitely far field are given depending on the FLG rotation angle in the plane perpendicular to the direction of beam propagation. It is shown that the LC FLG functions as a switchable anisotropic diffraction mode filter.
100  Gb/s/λ polarization multiplexing PON downlink based on simplified heterodyne coherent reception
Authors: Izquierdo David , Barrio Miguel , Sevillano Pascual , Altabas Jose A. , Garces Ignacio
Published: November 2024

In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a 100Gb/s/λ downstream transmission link for coherent passive optical networks (PONs) up to 50 km, achieving an optical power budget of 29 dB through polarization multiplexing (PolMux) of two 50 Gb/s channels using multiband carrierless amplitude phase modulation (multiCAP) and optical single side band (OSSB) modulation. Additionally, we introduce a separate PolMux 50 Gb/s link that presents an optical power budget of 38.7 dB. Both links have been achieved using a simplified polarization-demultiplexing heterodyne coherent receiver. The robustness of the system is experimentally evaluated by analyzing its response to various input states of polarization. The transmission has been accomplished using 10 GHz electrical bandwidth devices at both the transmission and receiving ends, thereby paving the way for low-cost 100G links suitable for applications such as PONs.