bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on referral numbers, diagnostic mix, and symptom severity in Eating Disorder Early Intervention Services in England
Authors: Hyam Lucy , Richards Katie L. , Allen Karina L. , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: October 2022

Objective

First Episode Rapid Early Intervention for Eating Disorders (FREED) is a service model and care pathway which aims to provide timely, well‐coordinated, developmentally informed and evidence‐based care for young people with eating disorders (EDs). This article investigates the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on FREED patient presentations and service provision in England.

Method

Data from three services spanning the pre‐ to post‐pandemic period were included (January 2019–September 2021; n = 502 patients). Run charts were created to analyze changes in monthly baseline patient data (e.g., referral numbers, duration of an untreated ED, diagnostic mix, and average body mass index for patients with anorexia nervosa [AN]).

Results

Significant increases in referral numbers were found from September 2020 onward, coinciding with the end of the first UK national lockdown. The percentage of AN presentations significantly increased after the onset of the first national lockdown (April 2020–December 2020). No other significant change patterns were identified.

Discussion

There have been substantial increases in referral numbers and presentations of AN to FREED services whereas illness severity seems largely unchanged. Together, this suggests that increased referrals cannot be attributed to milder presentations being seen. Implications for the implementation, funding, and sustainability of the model are discussed.

Public Significance

Our research suggests that early intervention eating disorder services across England faced significant increases in patient referrals and presentations of anorexia nervosa over the COVID‐19 pandemic. This increase in referrals is not due to a rise in milder eating disorder cases, as baseline symptom severity remained stable across the pandemic. Investment in early intervention for eating disorders must therefore match increased referral trends.
Long‐term annual and spatial variation of polygyny in the white‐throated dipper (Cinclus cinclus)
Authors: Walseng Bjørn , Durant Joël M. , Hessen Dag O. , Jerstad Kurt , Nilsson Anna L. K. , Røstad Ole W. , Slagsvold Tore
Published: October 2022

Mating strategies are key components in the fitness of organisms, and notably in birds the occurrence of monogamy versus polygyny has attracted wide interest. We address this by a very comprehensive dataset (2899 breeding events spanning the years 1978–2019) of the white‐throated dipper Cinclus cinclus. Though the mating system of this species has been regarded as generally monogamous, we find that 7% of all breeding events were performed by polygynous males (approximately 15% of all pairs). The fraction of polygyny has been stable over the entire study period irrespective of population size. The assumption that polygyny is most common at low population density was not supported. Surprisingly, there was no difference between polygynous and monogamous males with regard to the quality of the territories they inhabited, ranked according to their overall frequency of use. The most common age group, first‐year breeders, dominated among monogamous males, while among polygynous males second‐year breeders were most common, followed by third and first‐year breeders. The primary females were in general older than females mated to monogamous males, also when controlled for their general frequency in the population. The majority of the two females mated to a polygynous male, bred in the vicinity of each other. The probability for a male to be involved in polygyny more than once, was significantly higher than by chance, suggesting phenotypic quality differences among males.
Postmating isolation and evolutionary relationships among Fejervarya species from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia and other Asian countries revealed by crossing experiments and mtDNA Cytb sequence analyses
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul , Kurniawan Nia , Soewondo Aris , Nalley Wilmientje Marlene Mesang , Matsui Masafumi , Igawa Takeshi , Sumida Masayuki
Published: October 2022

To evaluate the degree of postmating isolation and the evolutionary relationships among frog species in the genus Fejervarya from Indonesia (Lesser Sunda), Bangladesh, China, and Japan, crossing experiments and molecular phylogenetic analyses were carried out. Crossing experiments revealed that reciprocal hybrids among F. iskandari, F. verruculosa, and F. sp. large type and between F. multistriata and F. kawamurai are viable through metamorphosis, while those between the F. iskandari group and F. limnocharis group were completely or partially inviable at the tadpole stage and those between Southeast Asian and South Asian Fejervarya groups were completely inviable at the embryonic stage. The mature reciprocal hybrids between F. iskandari and F. verruculosa from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia, showed some degree of abnormality in spermatogenesis. In phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA Cytb sequences, F. iskandari formed a sister clade with F. verruculosa from Lesser Sunda, Indonesia, with 8.1% sequence divergence. F. multistriata from China formed a clade with populations of F. limnocharis in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia (topotype), and these taxa showed sister relationships to F. kawamurai from Japan with 8.9% sequence divergence. Fejervarya sp. small type from Bangladesh formed a clade with the other South Asian members of the Fejervarya group and formed a sister clade with the Southeast Asian Fejervarya group, with 23.1% sequence divergence in the Cytb gene. These results showed that the degree of postmating isolation reflects molecular phylogenetic relationships and that F. iskandari and F. verruculosa from Indonesia (Lesser Sunda) are reproductively isolated by abnormalities in spermatogenesis and show genetic differentiation.
Interdigital MnO2/PEDOT Alternating Stacked Microelectrodes for High‐Performance On‐Chip Microsupercapacitor and Humidity Sensing
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Li Lihong , He Liang , Xiang Zhongyuan , Ma Zeyu , Haider Waqas Ali , Liao Xiaoqiao , Song Yanlin
Published: October 2022

For microelectronic devices, the on‐chip microsupercapacitors with facile construction and high performance, are attracting researchers' prior consideration due to their high compatibility with modern microsystems. Herein, we proposed interchanging interdigital Au‐/MnO2/polyethylene dioxythiophene stacked microsupercapacitor based on a microfabrication process followed by successive electrochemical deposition. The stacked configuration of two pseudocapacitive active microelectrodes meritoriously leads to an enhanced contact area between MnO2 and the conductive and electroactive layer of polyethylene dioxythiophene, hence providing excellent electron transport and diffusion pathways of electrolyte ions, resulting in increased pseudocapacitance of MnO2 and polyethylene dioxythiophene. The stacked quasi‐solid‐state microsupercapacitors delivered the maximum specific capacitance of 43 mF cm−2 (211.9 F cm−3), an energy density of 3.8 μWh cm−2 (at a voltage window of 0.8 V) and 5.1 μWh cm−2 (at a voltage window of 1.0 V) with excellent rate capability (96.6% at 2 mA cm−2) and cycling performance of 85.3% retention of initial capacitance after 10 000 consecutive cycles at a current density of 5 mA cm−2, higher than those of ever reported polyethylene dioxythiophene and MnO2‐based planar microsupercapacitors. Benefiting from the favorable morphology, bilayer microsupercapacitor is utilized as a flexible humidity sensor with a response/relaxation time superior to those of some commercially available integrated microsensors. This strategy will be of significance in developing high‐performance on‐chip integrated microsupercapacitors/microsensors at low cost and environment‐friendly routes.
Bayesian multiple changepoint detection with missing data and its application to the magnitude‐frequency distributions
Authors: Lu Shaochuan
Published: October 2022

The detection of abrupt changes in an evolving pattern of time series in the presence of missing data still poses a challenge to real applications. We formulate the multiple changepoint problem into a latent Markov model on a countably infinite state space. For efficiency‐enhancing, we propose a partially collapsed Gibbs sampler for the inference of the joint posterior of the number of changepoints and their locations. Variants of Viterbi algorithms are suggested for obtaining the MAP estimates of random changepoints in the presence of missing data, which provides better performances in these varying‐dimensional problems. The method is generally applicable for multiple changepoint detection under a variety of missing data mechanism. The method is applied to a case study of the magnitude‐frequency distribution of the 2010 Darfield M7.1 earthquake sequence in New Zealand. We find out some unusual features of the seismic b‐value in the Darfield earthquake sequence. It is noted that two changepoints are detected and in contrast to the background seismic b‐value, relatively low b‐values in the early aftershock propagation period are identified. We suggest that this might be a forewarning of potentially devastatingly strong aftershocks. The advance in the method of b‐value changepoint detection will enhance our understanding of earthquake occurrence and potentially lead to improved risk forecasting.
Deletion of MyD88 in astrocytes prevents β‐amyloid‐induced neuropathology in mice
Authors: Jong Huat Tee , Onraet Tessa , Camats‐Perna Judith , Newcombe Estella A. , Ngo Kim C. , Sue Ashley N. , Mirzaei Mehdi , LaFerla Frank M. , Medeiros Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

As the understanding of immune responses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is in its early phases, there remains an urgency to identify the cellular and molecular processes driving chronic inflammation. In AD, a subpopulation of astrocytes acquires a neurotoxic phenotype which prompts them to lose typical physiological features. While the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown, evidence suggests that myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) adaptor protein may play a role in coordinating these cells' immune responses in AD. Herein, we combined studies in human postmortem samples with a conditional genetic knockout mouse model to investigate the link between MyD88 and astrocytes in AD. In silico analyses of bulk and cell‐specific transcriptomic data from human postmortem brains demonstrated an upregulation of MyD88 expression in astrocytes in AD versus non‐AD individuals. Proteomic studies revealed an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein in multiple brain regions of AD subjects. These studies also showed that although overall MyD88 steady‐state levels were unaffected by AD, this protein was enriched in astrocytes near amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Functional studies in mice indicated that the deletion of astrocytic MyD88 protected animals from the acute synaptic toxicity and cognitive impairment caused by the intracerebroventricular administration of β‐amyloid (Aβ). Lastly, unbiased proteomic analysis revealed that loss of astrocytic MyD88 resulted in altered astrocyte reactivity, lower levels of immune‐related proteins, and higher expression of synaptic‐related proteins in response to Aβ. Our studies provide evidence of the pivotal role played by MyD88 in the regulation of astrocytes response to AD.
Exchange rate dynamics of emerging and developing economies: Not all capital flows are alike
Authors: Nguyen Thong Trung , Nasir Muhammad Ali , Vo Xuan Vinh
Published: October 2022

The increasing cross‐border capital flows have raised the question of whether capital inflows and outflows have different impacts on exchange rates in emerging markets than they do in developed markets and economies. To explore the potential heterogeneity in the impacts that can arise from the different types and directions of capital flows, we classify them according to whether they involve foreign direct investment (FDI) or foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and examine these inflows and outflows separately. The characteristics of these different types of capital flows and their effects on the real exchange rate in both advanced and emerging markets during 2002–2017 are investigated using a set of estimation approaches. To capture the relationship between real exchange rates and capital flows while controlling for other variables, a dynamic panel data model is utilized for the dataset covering emerging countries. Key findings suggest that the composition of capital flows determines the impact of those flows on real exchange rates, whereby FPI brings a faster appreciation of the real exchange rate than FDI and capital outflows bring a sharper degree of exchange rate adjustment than capital inflows. F20F30.
Mental health and climate change: The critical window of pregnancy
Authors: Sheffield Perry E.
Published: October 2022

Synopsis

Climate change is driving multiple exposures during pregnancy that could affect the long‐term health—including psychological well‐being—of the pregnant woman.
Dynamic and non‐neutral productivity effects of foreign ownership: A nonparametric approach
Authors: Lee Yoonseok , Lovely Mary E. , Pham Hoang
Published: October 2022

This paper studies two novel productivity characteristics of foreign acquisition on high‐tech manufacturing firms: the dynamic and the non‐Hicks‐neutral effects. A dynamic productivity effect of foreign ownership arises when adoption of foreign technology and management practices takes time to fully realize. Furthermore, these dynamic adjustments may be capital or labor augmenting as adoption of advanced production technologies tends to have non‐neutral productivity implications in developed countries. We propose and implement an econometric framework to estimate both effects using firm‐level data from China's manufacturing sector. Our framework extends a nonparametric productivity framework, in which identification is achieved using a firm's first‐order conditions and timing assumptions. We find strong evidence of dynamic and non‐neutral effects from foreign ownership, with significant differences across investment sources. Investment from OECD sources is found to provide a long‐term productivity boost for all but the largest recipients, while that from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan does not raise performance. These findings have implications for China's declining labor share and for the rising domestic value‐added content of its high‐tech exports.
Longitudinal Change in Bone Density, Geometry, and Estimated Bone Strength in Older Men and Women From The Gambia: Findings From the Gambian Bone and Muscle Aging Study (GamBAS)
Authors: Ó Breasail Mícheál , Pearse Camille , Zengin Ayse , Jarjou Landing , Cooper Cyrus , Ebeling Peter R , Prentice Ann , Ward Kate A
Published: October 2022

Musculoskeletal aging in the most resource-limited countries has not been quantified, and longitudinal data are urgently needed to inform policy. The aim of this prospective study was to describe musculoskeletal aging in Gambian adults. A total of 488 participants were recruited stratified by sex and 5-year age band (aged 40 years and older); 386 attended follow-up 1.7 years later. Outcomes were dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (n = 383) total hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA); peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) diaphyseal and epiphyseal radius and tibia (n = 313) total volumetric BMD (vBMD), trabecular vBMD, estimated bone strength indices (BSIc), cross-sectional area (CSA), BMC, and cortical vBMD. Mean annualized percentage change in bone outcomes was assessed in 10-year age bands and linear trends for age assessed. Bone turnover markers, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were explored as predictors of change in bone. Bone loss was observed at all sites, with an annual loss of total hip aBMD of 1.2% in women after age 50 years and in men at age 70 years plus. Greater loss in vBMD and BSIc was found at the radius in both men and women; strength was reduced by 4% per year in women and 3% per year in men (p trend 0.02, 0.03, respectively). At cortical sites, reductions in BMC, CSA, and vBMD were observed, being greatest in BMC in women, between 1.4% and 2.0% per annum. Higher CTX and PINP predicted greater loss of trabecular vBMD in women and BMC in men at the radius, and higher 25(OH)D with less loss of tibial trabecular vBMD and CSA in women. The magnitude of bone loss was like those reported in countries where fragility fracture rates are much higher. Given the predicted rise in fracture rates in resource-poor countries such as The Gambia, these data provide important insights into musculoskeletal health in this population. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Targeting DNA repair to enhance the efficacy of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Samadaei Mahzeiar , Senfter Daniel , Madlener Sibylle , Uranowska Karolina , Hafner Christine , Trauner Michael , Rohr‐Udilova Nataliya , Pinter Matthias
Published: October 2022

The multityrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib remains an important systemic treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Signaling pathways, which are targeted by sorafenib, are involved in checkpoint and DNA repair response, RAD51 being a candidate protein. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of the human RAD51 inhibitor B02 in combination with sorafenib in human HCC cells. Impact of RAD51 expression on HCC patient survival was evaluated by an in silico approach using Human Protein Atlas dataset. Cell viability of HUH7, AKH12, AKH13, and 3P was assessed by neutral red assay. To measure the cytotoxicity, we quantified loss of membrane integrity by lactate dehydrogenase release. We also employed colony formation assay and hanging drop method to assess clonogenic and invasive ability of HCC cell lines upon sorafenib and B02 treatment. Cell cycle distribution and characterization of apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. In silico approach revealed that HCC patients with higher expression of RAD51 messenger RNA had a significantly shorter overall survival. The RAD51 inhibitor B02 alone and in combination with sorafenib significantly reduced viability, colony formation ability, and invasion capacity of HCC cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the combination of both agents reduces the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase while leading to an accumulating in the subG1 phase. The RAD51 inhibitor B02 seems to be a promising agent for HCC treatment and enhances the antitumor effects of sorafenib in vitro.
EV‐ADD, a database for EV‐associated DNA in human liquid biopsy samples
Authors: Tsering Thupten , Li Mingyang , Chen Yunxi , Nadeau Amélie , Laskaris Alexander , Abdouh Mohamed , Bustamante Prisca , Burnier Julia V.
Published: October 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in cellular communication both in physiological conditions and in pathologies such as cancer. Emerging evidence has shown that EVs are active carriers of molecular cargo (e.g. protein and nucleic acids) and a powerful source of biomarkers and targets. While recent studies on EV‐associated DNA (EV‐DNA) in human biofluids have generated a large amount of data, there is currently no database that catalogues information on EV‐DNA. To fill this gap, we have manually curated a database of EV‐DNA data derived from human biofluids (liquid biopsy) and in‐vitro studies, called the Extracellular Vesicle‐Associated DNA Database (EV‐ADD). This database contains validated experimental details and data extracted from peer‐reviewed published literature. It can be easily queried to search for EV isolation methods and characterization, EV‐DNA isolation techniques, quality validation, DNA fragment size, volume of starting material, gene names and disease context. Currently, our database contains samples representing 23 diseases, with 13 different types of EV isolation techniques applied on eight different human biofluids (e.g. blood, saliva). In addition, EV‐ADD encompasses EV‐DNA data both representing the whole genome and specifically including oncogenes, such as KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, MYC, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). An EV‐ADD data metric system was also integrated to assign a compliancy score to the MISEV guidelines based on experimental parameters reported in each study. While currently available databases document the presence of proteins, lipids, RNA and metabolites in EVs (e.g. Vesiclepedia, ExoCarta, ExoBCD, EVpedia, and EV‐TRACK), to the best of our knowledge, EV‐ADD is the first of its kind to compile all available EV‐DNA datasets derived from human biofluid samples. We believe that this database provides an important reference resource on EV‐DNA‐based liquid biopsy research, serving as a learning tool and to showcase the latest developments in the EV‐DNA field. EV‐ADD will be updated yearly as newly published EV‐DNA data becomes available and it is freely available at www.evdnadatabase.com.
Considerations for the use of qualitative methodologies in genetic counseling research
Authors: Wainstein Tasha , Elliott Alison M. , Austin Jehannine C.
Published: October 2022

An abundance of qualitative research is being conducted within the genetic counseling field. As this area of research expands, many within our community are “learning through doing”, an approach which is practical, but may lack theoretical grounding. This can result in study outputs that do not have the sort of utility for informing clinical practice that is the hallmark of excellent clinical qualitative research. Furthermore, our alignment as a discipline within the health sciences, which still tends to favor quantitative approaches, means that we may often be obliged to justify the use of qualitative methodologies, especially when we intend to use the findings for informing clinical practice. We aim to address these issues by providing guidance about how we, individually and collectively, might think about what excellent qualitative research can look like in our field. In addition to providing information and resources about current best‐practices, we discuss how quality can be ensured and evaluated. We seek to legitimize the idea of developing a philosophy of research in pursuit of establishing genetic counseling as an academic discipline. We argue that the principles, ethics, values, and practices of genetic counseling are sufficiently unique that establishing a discipline‐specific qualitative research framework is not only warranted, but essential. Ultimately, we hope that this paper can serve as a launching point from which additional discussion about qualitative research can emanate as we strive towards the elevation of this form of inquiry in our field.
A flow electrochemistry‐enabled synthesis of 2‐substituted N‐(methyl‐d)piperidines
Authors: AL‐Hadedi Azzam A. M. , Sawyer Stuart , Elliott Stuart J. , Green Robert A. , O'Leary Daniel J. , Brown Richard C. D. , Brown Lynda J.
Published: October 2022

A synthesis of N‐monodeuteriomethyl‐2‐substituted piperidines is described. An efficient and readily scalable anodic methoxylation of N‐formylpiperidine in an undivided microfluidic electrolysis cell delivers methoxylated piperidine 3, which is a precursor to a N‐formyliminium ion and enables C‐nucleophiles to be introduced at the 2‐position. The isotopically labelled N‐deuteriomethyl group is installed using the Eschweiler–Clarke reaction with formic acid‐d2 and unlabelled formaldehyde. Monodeuterated N‐methyl groups in these molecular systems possess small isotropic proton chemical shift differences important in the investigation of molecules that are able to support long‐lived nuclear spin states in solution nuclear magnetic resonance.
Morphological and radiological study of the shoulder and elbow joints of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
Authors: Lyra da Silva Carolina Castro , Cardoso Júlio Roquete , Rodrigues da Silva Wanessa Patrícia , Pinheiro Lizandra Araújo , Ferreira Lucas Rodrigues , Nunes Gabriel Oliveira , Borges Naida Cristina
Published: October 2022

The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) has specialized thoracic limbs to forage by breaking the walls of anthills and termite mounds. They also play critical roles in defense posture and locomotion. This study aimed to provide a morphological and radiographic description of the shoulder joint and elbow joint of the giant anteater. Both joints of 13 tamanduas were assessed by morphological dissections and histological evaluation and radiographies without and with positive contrast. The radiographic projections selected to this study were the mediolateral and craniocaudal projections. The radiographic and anatomical findings were compared with the following results: the shoulder joint had a continuous joint capsule with the tendon sheaths of the short head and long head of the biceps brachii muscle, which could be visualized with an injection of 3 ml of intra‐articular contrast. The shoulder joint arthrography was performed with the needle positioned cranially to the joint for contrast injection. The elbow joint presented three articular compartments, and the insertion of the joint capsule was proximal to the radial fossa and distal to the radial tuberosity in the radial notch of the ulna, which were possible to identify with 2 ml of intra‐articular contrast. The elbow joint arthrography was performed with the needle positioned laterally to the joint for contrast injection. Moreover, the joint capsule presented a caudomedial distention and fat pads. The powerful muscles of the forelimb play a fundamental role in maintaining the shoulder joint and elbow joint stability due to bony adaptations and the absence of usual ligaments. The morphological and radiological study provided relevant information on the soft‐tissue characteristics of shoulder and elbow joints, which may aid clinical‐surgical and diagnostic imaging procedures.
Estimation of the serial interval of monkeypox during the early outbreak in 2022
Authors: Guo Zihao , Zhao Shi , Sun Shengzhi , He Daihai , Chong Ka Chun , Yeoh Eng Kiong
Published: October 2022

With increased transmissibility and novel transmission mode, monkeypox poses new threats to public health globally in the background of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Estimates of the serial interval, a key epidemiological parameter of infectious disease transmission, could provide insights into the virus transmission risks. As of October 2022, little was known about the serial interval of monkeypox due to the lack of contact tracing data. In this study, public‐available contact tracing data of global monkeypox cases were collected and 21 infector‐infectee transmission pairs were identified. We proposed a statistical method applied to real‐world observations to estimate the serial interval of the monkeypox. We estimated a mean serial interval of 5.6 days with the right truncation and sampling bias adjusted and calculated the reproduction number of 1.33 for the early monkeypox outbreaks at a global scale. Our findings provided a preliminary understanding of the transmission potentials of the current situation of monkeypox outbreaks. We highlighted the need for continuous surveillance of monkeypox for transmission risk assessment.
Magnetic dosimetry simulations of wireless power transfer systems with high resolution voxel models utilizing the co‐simulation scalar potential finite difference scheme
Authors: Haussmann Norman , Zang Martin , Mease Robin , Schmuelling Benedikt , Clemens Markus
Published: October 2022

Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems can be utilized to charge batteries of electrically powered vehicles with a power transfer in the order of tens of kilowatts. The low frequency source currents in the WPT system emanate magneto‐quasistatic fields that induce electric fields inside the body tissues of exposed persons. This article compares the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) recommended 99th percentile of the voxel averaged electric field strengths inside the body model determined by commercial simulation tools and the co‐simulation scalar potential finite difference scheme. Furthermore, the body model resolution is enhanced to 1 × 1 × 1 mm3 which results in about eight times larger numbers of degrees of freedom than obtained by using the ICNIRP recommended resolution. The fine resolution body model electric field values (and also the resulting simulation times) are compared against field values of the coarser model recommended by ICNIRP. To cover a broad range of exposure scenarios, the comparisons are presented for different configurations of a WPT system of an electric vehicle and also for varying postures of the human body as passenger and bystanding person.
Socio‐Economic Status and Creativity: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Acar Selcuk , Tadik Harun , Uysal Recep , Myers Danielle , Inetas Betul
Published: October 2022

In the present study, we examined the relationship between socio‐economic status (SES) and creativity through a meta‐analysis of 885 effect sizes from 151 samples in 117 studies. Analyses of a multivariate model with a robust variance estimator showed a small positive correlation between creativity and SES (r = .120, 95% CI [0.086, 0.154]). Further analyses with four groups of moderators (i.e., creativity measure, SES indicator, sample characteristics, and study characteristics) indicated that the mean effect size is significantly higher when the creativity index is flexibility rather than fluency or when SES is measured by parental or one's own level of education and parental occupation rather than the location of residency. In addition, the relationship between creativity and SES dissipated as the students progressed from elementary school through college. The potential role of schooling in the creativity‐SES link is discussed.
Servants and masters: An activity theory investigation of human‐AI roles in the performance of work
Authors: Allen Robert A. , White Gareth R. T. , Clement Claire E. , Alexander Paul , Samuel Anthony
Published: October 2022

Organizations considering AI adoption must be mindful of media that portrays dystopian future scenarios. While machine sentience remains philosophically and ethically moot, the future implications of AI adoption are unclear. The issues that surround AI adoption need to be examined but there are a lack of implementations cases around which empirical research can be undertaken and practical experience can be gained. AI adoption needs to be considered from multiple viewpoints including, but not necessarily limited to the social, ethical and legal issues, and not merely be reduced to questions of financial return or organizational efficiency.
Serum and diet long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acid nutritional status in Chinese elite athletes
Authors: Zhang Qiuping , Xu Qian , Tian Huajun , Chu Yudan , Qiu Jun , Sun Mengwei
Published: October 2022

Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega‐3 PUFAs) are essential for improving the health and performance of athletes. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of omega‐3 PUFAs in Chinese elite athletes by both dietary intake analysis and serum biomarker detection. A cross‐sectional analysis of data from 54 elite athletes (24 men and 30 women) from Shanghai professional sports teams was conducted. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was employed to analyze dietary intake, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) was conducted to measure serum biomarkers of PUFAs. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationships of PUFA biomarkers with diet, inflammation and oxidative stress. The results showed that the median intake of EPA + DHA among athletes was 132 mg/d, which is lower than the minimum value recommended by dietary guidelines (250 mg/d). The average serum EPA + DHA was 4.0 ± 1.1%, and the ratio of omega‐6/omega‐3 was 7.7 ± 1.7. Most (96.3%) of the athletes were below the targeted value of serum EPA + DHA, which is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk. Correlation analysis showed that the serum EPA + DHA was positively correlated with the long‐term dietary intake of EPA + DHA and negatively correlated with inflammatory markers. In conclusion, the serum circulating EPA + DHA and omega‐6/omega‐3 ratio are effective biomarkers reflecting the nutritional status of PUFAs in athletes. Omega‐3 PUFAs have a potential effect on inhibiting inflammatory markers. Hence, it is necessary for Chinese athletes to improve their suboptimal nutritional status of PUFAs through dietary intervention.
Environmental variability in aquatic ecosystems: Avenues for future multifactorial experiments
Authors: Gerhard Miriam , Koussoroplis Apostolos‐Manuel , Raatz Michael , Pansch Christian , Fey Samuel B. , Vajedsamiei Jahangir , Calderó‐Pascual Maria , Cunillera‐Montcusí David , Juvigny‐Khenafou Noël P. D. , Polazzo Francesco , Thomas Patrick K. , Symons Celia C. , Beklioğlu Meryem , Berger Stella A. , Chefaoui Rosa M. , Ger Kemal Ali , Langenheder Silke , Nejstgaard Jens C. , Ptacnik Robert , Striebel Maren
Published: October 2022

The relevance of considering environmental variability for understanding and predicting biological responses to environmental changes has resulted in a recent surge in variability‐focused ecological research. However, integration of findings that emerge across studies and identification of remaining knowledge gaps in aquatic ecosystems remain critical. Here, we address these aspects by: (1) summarizing relevant terms of variability research including the components (characteristics) of variability and key interactions when considering multiple environmental factors; (2) identifying conceptual frameworks for understanding the consequences of environmental variability in single and multifactorial scenarios; (3) highlighting challenges for bridging theoretical and experimental studies involving transitioning from simple to more complex scenarios; (4) proposing improved approaches to overcome current mismatches between theoretical predictions and experimental observations; and (5) providing a guide for designing integrated experiments across multiple scales, degrees of control, and complexity in light of their specific strengths and limitations.
Teaching Old Polymers New Tricks: Improved Synthesis and Anomalous Crystallinity for a Lost Semi‐Fluorinated Polyaryl Ether via Interfacial Polymerization of Hexafluoroacetone Hydrate and Diphenyl Ether
Authors: Muñoz Gustavo , Chamberlain Kari M. , Athukorale Sumudu , Ma Guorong , Gu Xiaodan , Pittman Charles U. , Smith Dennis W.
Published: October 2022

A practical and direct electrophilic polymerization of hexafluoroacetone hydrate with diphenyl ether toward the preparation of semi‐fluorinated polyaryl ethers (PAE) is reported. Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) polymerization under interfacial conditions with phase transfer catalyst (Aliquat 336) proceeds in trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride by generation of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and the protonated hexafluoroacetone (HFA) in situ affording 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropylidene (6F) PAE with high regioselectivity (4,4’‐DPE) and high molecular weight (≈60 kDa). Although first reported in a 1966 US Patent by DuPont using harsh conditions, improved synthetic methods or modern characterization has not been disclosed until now. Despite the presence of the 6F group, known to impart disordered morphology, this simple semi‐fluorinated PAE exhibits anomalous crystallinity with polymorphic melting points (Tm) ranging from 230–309 °C, high solubility in common organic solvents, a glass transition (Tg) of 163 °C, and thermo‐oxidative stability above 500 °C. Tough optically clear films prepared from solution give transmittance higher than 90% throughout the visible region. Synthesis, mechanistic aspects, and characterization including surface and dielectric properties are discussed.
Effect of Levodopa and Environmental Setting on Gait and Turning Digital Markers Related to Falls in People with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Shah Vrutangkumar V. , McNames James , Carlson‐Kuhta Patricia , Nutt John G. , El‐Gohary Mahmoud , Sowalsky Kristen , Mancini Martina , Horak Fay B.
Published: October 2022

Background

It is unknown whether medication status (off and on levodopa) or laboratory versus home settings plays a role in discriminating fallers and non‐fallers in people with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objectives

To investigate which specific digital gait and turning measures, obtained with body‐worn sensors, best discriminated fallers from non‐fallers with PD in the clinic and during daily life.

Methods

We recruited 34 subjects with PD (17 fallers and 17 non‐fallers based on the past 6 month's falls). Subjects wore three inertial sensors attached to both feet and the lumbar region in the laboratory for a 3‐minute walking task (both off and on levodopa) and during daily life activities for a week. We derived 24 digital (18 gait and 6 turn) measures from the 3‐minute walk and from daily life.

Results

In clinic, none of the gait and turning measures collected during on levodopa state were significantly different between fallers and non‐fallers. In contrast, digital measures collected in the off levodopa state were significantly different between groups, (average turn velocity, average number of steps to complete a turn, and variability of gait speed, P < 0.03). During daily life, the variability of average turn velocity (P = 0.023) was significantly different in fallers than non‐fallers. Last, the average number of steps to complete a turn was significantly correlated with the patient‐reported outcomes.

Conclusions

Digital measures of turning, but not gait, were different in fallers compared to non‐fallers with PD, in the laboratory when off medication and during a daily life.
Algebraic techniques for eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a nectarine matrix in nectarine algebra
Authors: Guo Zhenwei , Jiang Tongsong , Jiang Chuan , Wang Gang
Published: October 2022

A nectarine was introduced in 2014 by Bernd Schmeikal in the form of
,
, and
, in which
are real numbers. This paper studies the problems of right eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a nectarine matrix by means of a real representation matrix of the nectarine matrix and derives algebraic techniques for the right eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the nectarine matrix.
The Benefits of Switching to a Healthy Diet on Metabolic, Cognitive, and Gut Microbiome Parameters Are Preserved in Adult Rat Offspring of Mothers Fed a High‐Fat, High‐Sugar Diet
Authors: Kendig Michael D. , Hasebe Kyoko , Tajaddini Aynaz , Kaakoush Nadeem O. , Westbrook R. Frederick , Morris Margaret J.
Published: October 2022

Scope

Maternal obesity increases the risk of health complications in children, highlighting the need for effective interventions. A rat model of maternal obesity to examine whether a diet switch intervention could reverse the adverse effects of an unhealthy postweaning diet is used.

Methods and results

Male and female offspring born to dams fed standard chow or a high‐fat, high‐sugar “cafeteria” (Caf) diet are weaned onto chow or Caf diets until 22 weeks of age, when Caf‐fed groups are switched to chow for 5 weeks. Adiposity, gut microbiota composition, and place recognition memory are assessed before and after the switch. Body weight and adiposity fall in switched groups but remain significantly higher than chow‐fed controls. Nonetheless, the diet switch improves a deficit in place recognition memory observed in Caf‐fed groups, increases gut microbiota species richness, and alters β diversity. Modeling indicate that adiposity most strongly predicts gut microbiota composition before and after the switch.

Conclusion

Maternal obesity does not alter the effects of switching diet on metabolic, microbial, or cognitive measures. Thus, a healthy diet intervention lead to major shifts in body weight, adiposity, place recognition memory, and gut microbiota composition, with beneficial effects preserved in offspring born to obese dams.
CIABNet: Category imbalance attention block network for the classification of multi‐differentiated types of esophageal cancer
Authors: Li Min , Chen Chen , Cao Yanzhen , Zhou Panyun , Deng Xin , Liu Pei , Wang Yunling , Lv Xiaoyi , Chen Cheng
Published: October 2022

Background

Esophageal cancer has become one of the important cancers that seriously threaten human life and health, and its incidence and mortality rate are still among the top malignant tumors. Histopathological image analysis is the gold standard for diagnosing different differentiation types of esophageal cancer.

Purpose

The grading accuracy and interpretability of the auxiliary diagnostic model for esophageal cancer are seriously affected by small interclass differences, imbalanced data distribution, and poor model interpretability. Therefore, we focused on developing the category imbalance attention block network (CIABNet) model to try to solve the previous problems.

Methods

First, the quantitative metrics and model visualization results are integrated to transfer knowledge from the source domain images to better identify the regions of interest (ROI) in the target domain of esophageal cancer. Second, in order to pay attention to the subtle interclass differences, we propose the concatenate fusion attention block, which can focus on the contextual local feature relationships and the changes of channel attention weights among different regions simultaneously. Third, we proposed a category imbalance attention module, which treats each esophageal cancer differentiation class fairly based on aggregating different intensity information at multiple scales and explores more representative regional features for each class, which effectively mitigates the negative impact of category imbalance. Finally, we use feature map visualization to focus on interpreting whether the ROIs are the same or similar between the model and pathologists, thus better improving the interpretability of the model.

Results

The experimental results show that the CIABNet model outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art models, which achieves the most advanced results in classifying the differentiation types of esophageal cancer with an average classification accuracy of 92.24%, an average precision of 93.52%, an average recall of 90.31%, an average F1 value of 91.73%, and an average AUC value of 97.43%. In addition, the CIABNet model has essentially similar or identical to the ROI of pathologists in identifying histopathological images of esophageal cancer.

Conclusions

Our experimental results prove that our proposed computer‐aided diagnostic algorithm shows great potential in histopathological images of multi‐differentiated types of esophageal cancer.
Avian Predation on Juvenile and Adult Lost River and Shortnose Suckers: An Updated Multi-Predator Species Evaluation
Authors: Evans Allen F. , Payton Quinn , Banet Nathan , Cramer Bradley M. , Kelsey Caylen , Hewitt David A.
Published: October 2022

Previous research suggests that predation by piscivorous colonial waterbirds may negatively influence the survival of Lost River Suckers (LRS) Deltistes luxatus and Shortnose Suckers (SNS) Chasmistes brevirostris in the Upper Klamath Basin (UKB), USA. However, estimates of predation from past studies, which were based on suckers with PIT tags, represent minimum estimates of sucker mortality because analyses did not account for the proportion of tags that were consumed by birds and deposited beyond their breeding colony. To address this uncertainty, we fed PIT-tagged suckers to American white pelicans Pelecanus erythrorhynchos to estimate deposition probabilities. A hierarchical Bayesian model was then used to estimate predation rates (percentage of available tagged fish that were consumed) on juvenile suckers that were released as part of the Sucker Assisted Rearing Program (SARP) and on wild juvenile and adult LRS and SNS during 2009–2020. Pelican deposition probabilities were estimated to be 0.47 (95% credible interval = 0.36–0.60), indicating that for every 100 tags consumed, 47 tags on average were deposited on breeding colonies by birds. Deposition-corrected estimates of predation rates were approximately two times greater than those previously reported and ranged annually from 4.3% (95% credible interval = 2.9–6.7%) to 8.5% (6.3–12.7%) on SARP juvenile suckers, from 4.3% (0.9–13.2%) to 10.5% (3.8–24.5%) on wild juvenile suckers, and from 0.1% (<0.1–0.3%) to 7.2% (2.8–16.4%) on adult suckers, depending on species and location. Results suggest that predation by colonial waterbirds, although not the original cause of sucker declines, was a substantial source of sucker mortality in some years. Future studies should consider models that jointly estimate both predation and survival and models that include environmental factors that potentially influence sucker susceptibility to avian predators in the UKB.
Numerical approximations for the nonlinear time fractional reaction–diffusion equation
Authors: Liu Haiyu , Lü Shujuan
Published: October 2022

In this article, we propose an implicit pseudospectral scheme for nonlinear time fractional reaction–diffusion equations with Neumann boundary conditions, which is based upon Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre–Birkhoff pseudospectral method in space and finite difference method in time. A priori estimate of numerical solution is given firstly. Then the existence of numerical solution is proved by Brouwer fixed point theorem and the uniqueness is obtained. It is proved rigorously that the fully discrete scheme is unconditionally stable and convergent. Furthermore, we develop a modified scheme by adding correction terms for the problem with nonsmooth solutions. Numerical examples are given to verify the theoretical analysis.
Integrated nonlinear suboptimal control‐and‐estimator based on the state‐dependent differential Riccati equation approach
Authors: Korayem Moharram Habibnejad , Lademakhi Naeim Yousefi
Published: October 2022

This paper is devoted to the theory and application of a combined nonlinear suboptimal control and estimator based on the state‐dependent differential Riccati equation (SDDRE), aiming finite‐time tracking of manipulators that possess flexible joints. Though measuring the angular positions of links is possible for flexible joint manipulators (FJMs), it is not feasible to measure the changes in the position angles of actuators. In addition, the existence of measurement noise and the influence of unknown workspace disturbance are always unavoidable. Therefore, combining an estimator with a controller could result in full‐state feedback for the system. Designing the proposed integrated estimator algorithm includes two parts: The first part is the theoretical extension of the SDDRE approach expressed with nonlinear state variables and inputs of the system in a finite‐time horizon. In the second part, enhancing and upgrading software and hardware interface, the proposed procedure for FJMs is modeled and simulated. Then, the experimental implementation is applied in the online closed‐loop form.
Measurement experimental set‐up for thermal characterization of low thickness polymers
Authors: Salhi Imane , Jay Jacques , Belhora Fouad , Hajjaji Abdelowahed
Published: October 2022

The characterization of the thermal properties of polymers represents a fundamental step in improving materials for energy harvesting processes. Thermal conductivity, for example, is measured by measuring heat flux and temperature difference. This study seeks to design and fabricate an experimental set‐up to measure the thermal conductivity of low‐thickness polymers at room temperature. It is unique in that it is an affordable and lightweight instrument developed using electrical resistance as a heater and a limited number of components. Error analysis and reproducibility analysis were carried out for the thermal conductivity. The instrument was found to be reliable in making thermal conductivity measurements with an average of ±7%.