bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of linear endosonography in patients with unexplained biliary dilatation and negative MRCP, with predictors for detection of neoplastic lesions
Authors: Atalla Hassan , Menessy Ayman , Hakim Hazem , Shiomi Hideyuki , Kodama Yuzo , Ghoneem Elsayed
Published: January 2022

Background and study aims

Unexplained biliary dilatation (UBD) frequently represents a diagnostic dilemma. Linear endosonography (EUS), with its close proximity to the pancreaticobiliary system and the ability for tissue acquisition, could have a role in revealing etiologies of UBD particularly in the context of negative other non-invasive modalities. However, in such patients, the decision for this semi-invasive procedure is usually debatable and often needs justification. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of linear EUS in patients with UBD after negative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and to delineate predictors for EUS ability to detect neoplastic lesions.

Patients and methods

This was a prospective diagnostic observational study between 2018 and 2021. Included patients with evidence of biliary dilatation on abdominal ultrasound and negative MRCP underwent linear EUS examination. Results were compared to the final diagnosis relied on histopathology after EUS-guided biopsy or surgery for neoplastic lesions, while ERCP, diagnostic EUS criteria plus histopathology for autoimmune pancreatitis, Rosemont criteria for chronic pancreatitis, and/or follow-up for 6 months were the gold standard tests for non-neoplastic etiologies. Logistic regression was conducted to reveal predictors of neoplasm detection by EUS.

Results

Sixty-one patients (mean age 60 years, 32 females) were enrolled; 13.1% of them were asymptomatic. The final diagnosis was categorized into 29 patients with and 32 without neoplasms. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), and accuracy of EUS-positive findings were 98.3%, 100%, 100%, 66.7%, and 98.3%, respectively. Corresponding results for neoplasm identification were 100%, 93.8%, 93.5%, 100%, and 96.7%, respectively. The most common neoplastic etiologies were small pancreatic and ampullary masses. Common bile duct (CBD) diameter > 12.9mm and CA19-9 > 37.1 u/ML were independent predictors for pancreaticobiliary neoplasm at multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusion

Linear EUS appears to have a high accuracy in detecting etiologies of UBD, with higher sensitivity for small pancreatic, ampullary lesions, and CBD stones. CBD diameter > 12.9 mm and elevated CA19-9 > 37.1 u/ML should raise a concern about the presence of occult pancreaticobiliary neoplasm, and then, EUS may be warranted even in asymptomatic patients.
Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton’s jelly of the human umbilical cord
Authors: Abouelnaga Hager , El-Khateeb Doaa , Moemen Yasmine , El-Fert Ashraf , Elgazzar Mohamed , Khalil Ashraf
Published: January 2022

Background

Isolation of post-partum umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly stem cells has gained attention as an alternative source of the bone marrow. Because easy isolation, lack of ethical concerns, and the presence of both embryonic and adult stem cells have made them a valuable source for use in therapeutic applications and regenerative medicine. The study utilized a modified protocol using in-house human pooled cord blood serum for isolation and expansion of the mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly. Cell proliferation and population doubling time and tri-lineage differentiation were assessed, and the expressions of mesenchymal cell surface markers CD44, CD90, CD105, and CD34 were assessed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. The genetic stability of the isolated cells was assessed by chromosomal karyotype.

Results

The isolated cells displayed fibroblastic-like morphology and tri-lineage differentiation into adipocyte, chondrocyte, and osteocyte. The isolated cells maintained the proliferative competence with a doubling time ranged from 38 to 42h and corresponded well with the standard positive and negative molecular markers (CD44+, CD90+, CD 105+, and CD34−). Cell senescence occurred at the later passage of the cells (P15) affecting, about 25% of the population. Metaphases spread of the cells showed normal diploid karyotypes, with typical chromosomal plates indicating genetic stability of the isolated cells.

Conclusion

The primary cultures exhibited success in isolating the umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells, which maintained their tri-lineage differentiation potential, phenotypes and karyotype characteristics on further passage and expansion.
Etiology and outcome of neonatal cholestasis: an experience in a tertiary center of Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Salahuddin , Gulshan Jahida , Parvez Mashud , Tasneem Farhana , Ahmed Syed Shafi
Published: January 2022

Background

Neonatal cholestasis (NC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young infants. This study examines the etiology of NC and its outcome during 2 years of follow-up at a tertiary referral center in Bangladesh.

Results

Out of 80 cholestatic infants, 60% had intrahepatic cholestasis with a mean age of onset of 12.4±2.8 days and a mean age of admission of 82.4±29.0 days. The remaining 40% were extrahepatic with a mean age of onset of 6.7±2.3 days and a mean age of admission of 94.6±50.4 days. Biliary atresia (BA), idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH), and TORCH (Toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex) infection except rubella were the most common causes. After receiving treatment, 46.2% of the cases improved, 23.8% deteriorated with morbidity, and 30% died. The majority of the children with INH, TORCH, choledochal cyst, hypothyroidism, galactosemia, and urinary tract infection (UTI) with sepsis were improved. Significant mortality was found in BA (56.6%), intrahepatic bile duct paucity (PIBD) (100%), and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) (100%) whereas the rest of BA (43.4%) live with persistent morbidity. Significant clinical improvement was observed in 37 (46.2%) cases of cholestasis evidenced by decreasing jaundice, change of color of urine from dark to normal color, change of stool color from pale to yellow, and gradual decrease in liver size from hepatomegaly state. In addition, decreasing median total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase showed biochemical improvement at 2 years follow-up. The age of admission, etiology, and presence of ascites are the predictors of outcomes.

Conclusion

BA was the most common cause of extrahepatic while INH and TORCH infection were the most common cause of intrahepatic cholestasis. Majority of children with intrahepatic cholestasis improved but deteriorated with BA and genetic causes. Prompt referral and early diagnosis as well as the etiology of NC were the main determinants of the favorable outcome.
Proximal migration of Plastibell circumcision: two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Ahmad Ali M. , Ahmed Sara Elfadil , Mostafa Noha Ali , Nafisah Turki Ibrahim
Published: January 2022

Background

Male circumcision is one of the oldest and most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world; in fact, one of every 3 males in the world is circumcised. Plastibell circumcision is the commonest procedure performed worldwide with higher rates of satisfaction and lower rates of complications.

Case presentation

We present two cases, 4 and 5 months old with proximal migration of Plastibell ring with penile incarcerations that were managed successfully. We aim to highlight the necessary precautions needed to avoid serious complications after a minor surgical procedure.

Conclusions

Plastibell circumcision is a minor surgical procedure that is underestimated with the potential for major and serious complications. The implementation of the law against the practice of non-professional individuals, standardization of the procedure, and improvement of communication are highly recommended to avoid unnecessary and serious complications. Plastibell ring circumcision still needs further studies to examine ring antimigration, re-designing, and the best types and sizes of threads used. Lastly, studies are also needed to determine a cost-effective routine follow-up visit post-Plastibell circumcision procedures.
Complete diphallia associated with unusual multiple congenital anomalies: case report and review of literatures
Authors: Al-Abbasi Bassam Khaleel
Published: January 2022

Background

Diphallus (duplication of phallus) is rarely encountered in surgical practice with only 100 cases reported in literature. Some cases may be isolated but mostly associated with other anomalies, without clear data about its etiology.

Case presentation

We reported a 1-day-old newborn baby who was presented with complete duplication of the phallus, one of them being hypospadic associated with a high type imperforate anus, omphalocele, congenital pouch colon, sacral meningocele, and other congenital anomalies not reported before in such combinations.

Multiple stages surgical corrective procedures were performed over a period of 4 years with 4–6 months interval between each stage, starting with the management of omphalocele and colostomy, ended by excision of the abnormal phallus with abdominoplasty and closure of colostomy.

The outcome was evaluated, and literatures were reviewed in relation to types, presentations, and options for surgical correction with optimal outcomes.

Conclusion

A combination of diphallia and other abnormalities in our patient are not reported previously in such manner and were very difficult to be corrected.

Only expert pediatric surgeons should treat such conditions as every case is unique in nature. In all conditions, the abnormal phallus should be excised, and the final aim is to achieve a continent child with cosmetically acceptable genitalia.
The potential cost of regulation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions in U.S. agriculture
Authors: Kabata Tshepelayi , Fulginiti Lilyan E. , Perrin Richard K.
Published: January 2022

Background

Most studies on the environmental impacts of agriculture have attempted to measure environmental impacts but have not assessed the ability of the sector to reduce or mitigate such impacts. Only a few studies have examined greenhouse gas emissions from the sector. This paper assesses the ability of states in the U.S. to reduce agricultural emissions of methane and nitrous oxide, two major greenhouse gases (GHGs) with important global warming potential.

Methods

The analysis evaluates Färe’s PAC (pollution abatement cost) for each state and year, a measure of the potential opportunity costs of subjecting the sector to GHG emissions regulation. We use both hyperbolic and directional distance functions to specify agricultural technology with good and bad outputs.

Results and conclusions

We find that such regulations might reduce output by an average of about 2%, although the results for individual states vary quite widely.
Areawide management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), using selected cover crop plants
Authors: Meagher Robert L. , Nagoshi Rodney N. , Fleischer Shelby J. , Westbrook John K. , Wright David L. , Morris J. Bradley , Brown James T. , Rowley Amy J.
Published: January 2022

Background

Fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith) is a migratory moth that annually migrates northward each spring from sites in southern Florida and southern Texas. This caterpillar pest feeds on and damages row, turf and vegetable crops in the eastern and central U.S. Before migrating in spring, it feeds on cover crops in central and eastern Florida and expands its populations. Our objective was to use multi-year studies to compare fall armyworm populations that develop in cover crop plants.

Methods

A series of field experiments and a laboratory feeding study were conducted to compare infestation and feeding and of fall armyworm on different cover crop plants. Field experiments had plots planted with corn (Zea maysL.), sorghum-sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], a standard cover crop in Florida, and two alternative cover crops, sunn hemp (Crotalaria junceaL.) and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walpers spp.unguiculata]. Another trial compared populations in sorghum-sudangrass and in mixtures of sorghum-sudangrass with buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumMoench) or pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus(L.) Morrone). Fall armyworm larvae were fed and allowed to develop on different sunn hemp germplasm in a laboratory trial.

Results

Field populations of fall armyworm were highest on corn, followed by sorghum-sudangrass. Sunn hemp and cowpea had larval populations 70–96% less than on sorghum-sudangrass, suggesting replacement of this cover crop with either plant species might help reduce areawide populations of resident or migratory fall armyworm. Larvae collected from cover crop plots had parasitism levels that averaged 30%, withChelonus insularis(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) emerging as the most commonly-collected species. Larval feeding on different sunn hemp germplasm lines resulted in no difference in weight gain.

Conclusions

Replacing sorghum-sudangrass with sunn hemp varieties or germplasm should be acceptable as a replacement cover crop for areawide management of fall armyworm.
Visualization and Maneuverability Features of a Robotic Arm Three-Dimensional Exoscope and Operating Microscope for Clipping an Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: Video Comparison and Technical Evaluation
Authors: Haeren Roel , Hafez Ahmad , Lehecka Martin
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) digital exoscope systems have been developed and reported to form an adequate alternative to the conventional operating microscope.

OBJECTIVE:

To illustrate essential and practical features in a surgical video comparing a robotic arm 3D digital exoscope and a conventional operating microscope to clip a middle cerebral artery aneurysm.

METHODS:

We used a mouth switch–controlled operating microscope (OPMI PENTERO 900; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) and robotic arm–controlled 3D digital Aeos exoscope (Aesculap Inc). We assessed the following visualization and optical features: overall visualization quality, color and contrast quality, range and quality of magnification, and adjustment of focus. In addition, we assessed maneuverability for changing surgical site within and viewing angle of the surgical field.

RESULTS:

We found that both modalities are suitable for this surgery and offer distinct qualities. The microscope enables faster magnification adjustment and continuous mouth switch–controlled focus adjustments. The advantages of the exoscope include the adaptation of color and contrast settings, and the surgeon can keep both hands in the surgical field while the camera pivots around its working field.

CONCLUSION:

The exoscope and operating microscope offer a similar high-quality visualization of, and smooth maneuvering within, the surgical field. The method of visualization and maneuvering is, however, very distinct. Therefore, a surgeon's acquaintance and experience with the specific features and how to optimally use them in surgery are of utmost importance. Further analyses of both systems are needed to evolve these tools.
Alternative forms of judicial review
Authors: Tushnet Mark
Published: January 2022

A invenção no final do século XX do que eu chamo de sistemas de revisão judicial de forma fraca nos dá a chance de vermos com uma nova luz alguns debates tradicionais dentro da lei e da teoria constitucional dos Estados Unidos, que se baseiam no fato de que este possui uma revisão judicial de forma forte. Os sistemas de forma forte e de forma fraca operam no nível da concepção constitucional, no sentido de que suas características são especificadas em documentos constitucionais ou em tradições constitucionais profundamente arraigadas. Depois de esboçar as diferenças entre os sistemas de forma forte e de forma fraca, recorro às características de desenho que operam no próximo nível inferior. Aqui, os legislativos ou tribunais especificam se suas promulgações ou decisões receberão tratamento de forma forte ou fraca. Examino exemplos de alocações legislativas de questões para a revisão das formas forte e fraca e identifico alguns problemas práticos e conceituais com tais alocações. Em seguida, examino as alocações judiciais — das próprias decisões dos tribunais — para categorias de forma forte ou fraca. Aqui, considero a revisão judicial thayeriana e o que o professor Dan Coenen chamou de doutrinas semissubstantivas como exemplos de escolhas judiciais para dar às suas decisões efeitos de forma fraca. Minha conclusão é que estas estratégias de alocação reproduzem dentro dos sistemas de forma forte e fraca as questões que surgem no nível da concepção constitucional. Sistemas de forma fraca e alocação podem parecer aliviar algumas dificuldades associadas a sistemas de forma forte nas democracias constitucionais. Minha análise sugere que essas dificuldades podem persistir mesmo quando alternativas à revisão judicial de formas fortes são adotadas.
Efetividade: a vantagem auferida na defesa da concorrência
Authors: Vasconcelos Coelho de Araújo Gilvandro , Guimarães Marcelo Cesar
Published: January 2022

A concorrência e sua defesa são instrumento a serviço da sociedade e estão inseridas em um sistema com diversos atores, formas, valores e instituições, devendo haver racionalidade em sua aplicação. A efetividade da defesa da concorrência está atrelada a uma posição em tempo econômico, valendo-se do ferramental disponível para a tomada da melhor decisão possível. Diferentemente do que se passou com as concentrações, a efetividade almejada no controle de condutas tem sido mais lenta. O que tem impactado de forma mais destacada a efetividade da política são as teorias de “pena/contribuição pecuniária ideal”, aplicáveis, sobretudo, àscondutas de cartel. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo objetiva avaliar as sanções aplicadas pelo Cade nas condenações, bem como as contribuições pecuniárias em Termos de Compromisso de Cessação em casos de cartel. Conclui-se que mais importante do que uma percepção teórica da multa, há de se buscar a verdadeira efetividade das penas.
Segurança jurídica, transformações no direito administrativo e deveres da administração pública implementados pela Lei nº 13.655/2018
Authors: Queiroz dos Santos Welder , Paiva Pires Moreira Maia Grhegory
Published: January 2022

A Lei nº 13.655/2018 acrescentou 10 artigos à Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (LINDB), dispondo acerca de regrassobre segurança jurídica e eficiência na criação e na aplicação do direito público. O objetivo do artigo é analisar os deveres da administração pública implementados pela mencionada lei. Inicialmente, analisam se as noções gerais e a importância da segurança jurídica para o direito, seguida da análise das transformações contemporâneas no direito administrativo, principalmente após a Constituição de 1988. Em seguida, analisa-se a LINDB e a sua relação com o direito público e, por fim, os novos deveres da administração pública implementados pela Lei nº 13.655/2018 na LINDB. Conclui-se que os novos deveres estabelecidos à administração pública e os novos parâmetros para a interpretação e a aplicação do direito público devem elevar os níveis de segurança jurídica e eficiência na criação e aplicação do direito público e assegurar uma maior qualidade da atuação da administração pública no Brasil.
Aplicativos de transporte individual: preço público e direito de empreender
Authors: Rego Magalhães João Marcelo
Published: January 2022

A atual tecnologia dos dispositivos móveis permitiu reconfigurar a forma como serviços de caráter público podem ser prestados. Aplicativos de transporte individual se tornaram um fenômeno ao simplificar a regulação estatal própria do serviço de táxis. A norma brasileira que disciplinou os aplicativos de transporte entendeu o espírito da inovação e tratou o assunto como atividade privada a exigir apenas ordenação. Legislações municipais regulamentadoras não conseguiram compreender a inovação, o que gerou algumas imposições incabíveis, como a cobrança de preço público em face do uso intensivo do viário urbano, uma tributação que, a um só tempo, viola regras constitucionais e os princípios consagrados na política nacional de mobilidade urbana, estabelece uma “taxa de uso” que não encontra suporte em nosso regime de direito público e ainda cria obstáculo ao direito de empreender na economia digital.
The InsurTechs in Brazil: a legal and regulatory analysis
Authors: Goldberg Ilan
Published: January 2022

The insurance industry is facing an unprecedented wave of disruption. While all stakeholders welcome the new insurance products and the improved consumer experience resulting from technological advances, jurists face a number of challenges. In particular, it could be asked: is the current Brazilian legal system able to regulate InsurTechs adequately? The following paper will analyze the legal and regulatory aspects of the operation of companies characterized as “InsurTechs” and how they are functioning in Brazil. To this aim, the following will be addressed: (i) the concept of InsurTech; (ii) the Brazilian regulatory authority’s Regulatory Sandbox approach and; (iii) The functioning of InsurTechs in Brazil.
A convencionalização do Direito Administrativo na América Latina
Authors: Wunder Hachem Daniel
Published: January 2022

O artigo sustenta que nos países da América Latina é necessária a convencionalização do Direito Administrativo: um processo de releitura dos institutos desse ramo jurídico à luz do conteúdo dos tratados de direitos humanos e da jurisprudência das Cortes Internacionais. Examina em que medida as disposições da Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos e a jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH) passam a operar como fontes do Direito Administrativo, que devem ser levadas em conta pela Administração Pública e pelos órgãos de controle como parâmetro de validade da atividade administrativa. Analisa a posição  da jurisprudência da Corte IDH segundo a qual compete a todos os órgãos e autoridades públicas nacionais o dever de exercer o controle de convencionalidade, mediante a verificação de compatibilidade das normas de Direito interno com os tratados internacionais de direitos humanos. Propõe critérios operacionais e procedimentais para a realização do controle de convencionalidade pelas autoridades administrativas nos países latino-americanos.
Invisibilidade do racismo e as lutas antirracistas a partir dos estudos da UNESCO de 1950
Authors: CAVALCANTE ANDARAÍ RAMOS
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo apresenta as lutas antirracistas e resistências do povo negro brasileiro tomando como ponto de partida as indicações do Brasil como exemplo positivo de convivência harmoniosa entre as raças, conferidas pela Organização das Nações Unidas para Educação, Ciência e Cultura (UNESCO), nos anos de 1950. Utilizando, especialmente, a pesquisa bibliográfica das obras de Thales de Azevedo, Florestan Fernandes e Oracy Nogueira, que participaram diretamente dos estudos da UNESCO, constata-se um quadro permanente de invisibilidade do racismo presente nas estruturas do Estado brasileiro e aspectos históricos sobre as questões raciais ainda por resolver. Destaca-se, ainda, que, para estudar as questões raciais no Brasil, é imprescindível abordar também as lutas contra o racismo.
 
Palavras-chave: Racismo, Democracia racial, Resistências 
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to present studies on race relations in Brazilian society that analyzed the indications of UNESCO in Brazil as a positive example of harmonious coexistence between races. However, there is a permanent invisibility of racism present in the structures of the Brazilian State and historical aspects of racial issues still to be resolved. The methodology used was the documentary research of three authors who participated directly in the studies. It is also noteworthy that studying racial issues in Brazil is essential to address also the struggles against racism.
 
           Keywords: Racism, Racial democracy, Resistance
Túmulos, oferendas e simbolismos: notas sobre um ritual de culto aos mortos no Ceará
Authors: Antonio Renaldo Gomes Pereira
Published: January 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as relações que se estabelecem entre vivos e mortos a partir do material etnográfico produzido no município de Cariré, Ceará. Tais relações se refazem a partir da oferta de água em garrafinhas depositadas sobre sepulturas à beira da estrada ou cemitérios. Os dados empíricos produzidos no povoado de Almas nos permitem compreender um conjunto de motivações que tornam possível o ato de ofertar. As práticas mortuárias realizadas pelos parentes dos mortos derivam de diversos fatores engendrados por sentimentos e emoções que permeiam todo o processo.
Gênero, raça e magia: categorias para o estudo das religiosidades afro-brasileiras
Authors: Moreira de Souza Pedro Ricardo
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho tem o intuito de compreender como a utilização das categorias de gênero, raça e magia auxiliam no estudo das religiosidades afro-brasileiras. Busca-se investigar as possibilidades de uso dessas ferramentas conceituais de maneira crítica e articulada com o conceito de “campo religioso” elaborado por Pierre Bourdieu. O objetivo é apontar uma leitura mais complexa sobre as religiosidades afro-basileiras, que pode ser obtida através da observação de nuances que os sistemas de sentido ligados a oposições de gênero e de raça, assim como a colonialidade de uma determinada interpretação de “magia”, produziram na história dessas práticas, especialmente nos anos iniciais do pós-abolição.
arte contemporânea nos bacharelados em Conservação-Restauração de Bens Culturais Móveis
Authors: Furtado Gonçalves Marina , Andrade de Oliveira Alves Bárbara
Published: January 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma breve análise acerca da formação do bacharel conservador-restaurador a partir do estudo da estrutura curricular e dos programas pedagógicos dos cursos de bacharelado em conservação-restauração de bens culturais móveis atualmente ofertados pelas universidades federais brasileiras. Após a análise dos dados, observou-se que os três cursos existentes enfatizam o estudo da arte clássica, relegando outros estilos, notadamente a arte moderna e a arte contemporânea. Destaca-se a necessidade de ampliar o ensino e incentivar pesquisas na área, visando à formação de um profissional capacitado para lidar com as especificidades das obras de arte contemporâneas.
Pesquisar em tempos de pandemia: experiência na Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Rollo Rosane Machado , Bottega Carla Garcia
Published: January 2022

A pandemia da COVID-19 ocasionou muitos desafios quanto ao modo de fazer pesquisa. Pensando nisso, o objetivo deste artigo é relatar algumas experiências vivenciadas no âmbito da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, especificamente no Curso de Especialização em Gestão Pública e no Grupo de Pesquisa Estudos, Pesquisa e Intervenções em Saúde Coletiva. Os relatos apresentados sobre as pesquisas conduzidas e o fato de ter vivenciado os respectivos processos de investigação em distintos momentos da pandemia fizeram muita diferença na construção do fazer científico. Como resultado, evidenciou-se que a pesquisa é um processo complexo e produzi-la em tempos de pandemia, nos quais múltiplas adaptações foram necessárias, é ainda mais desafiador.
Formação docente em tempos pandêmicos e o ensino da História através de temas sensíveis
Authors: Silva Victor
Published: January 2022

Este artigo visa discutir o ensino de História associado ao debate de temas sensíveis, especialmente a questão do racismo e da alteridade entre povos indígenas e negros do Brasil. Logo, deve-se levar em consideração o processo formativo docente através do Estágio Supervisionado de História, desenvolvido em formato remoto, haja vista a pandemia da covid-19 e o cumprimento das exigências de distanciamento social recomendadas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). O processo formativo ocorreu em duas turmas do 1º ano de uma escola estadual do Rio Grande do Norte, portanto, sua trajetória e resultados obtidos serão discutidos à luz de um aparato teórico relativo aos temas sensíveis, por meio de um diálogo com autores como Gil, Eugenio, Abreu, Mattos, Quijano e Todorov.
Da senzala ao quartinho dos fundos: ativismo e sindicalismo do trabalho doméstico no Brasil
Authors: Rebouças Catharina
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho analisa o processo de organização e de luta de ativistas e sindicalistas do Sindicato de Trabalhadoras Domésticas de Campinas – SP, assim como a construção dessas trabalhadoras domésticas como sujeitas políticas. Para tanto, investiga as trajetórias de algumas dessas mulheres, por meio da coleta de relatos adquiridos por entrevistas com dirigentes sindicais e ativistas, para testar a hipótese de que o trabalho doméstico remunerado no Brasil expressa um conflito central da sociedade brasileira, envolvendo: trabalho produtivo e reprodutivo e desigualdades de raça, gênero e classe. Aprofundando a hipótese, teríamos que a centralidade de tal conflito seria, paradoxalmente, um fator significativo para a invisibilidade dessa atividade e a ausência de direitos dessa classe trabalhadora.
Para além da pedagogia: análise da representatividade política de Paulo Freire nas redes
Authors: Aguiar Oliveira Guimarães Souza Ana Julia
Published: January 2022

As redes sociais fundaram um novo campo de pesquisa sobre os fenômenos sociais. Investigamos a representatividade da figura de Paulo Freire no debate recorrente das redes sociais. Cerca de 114 mil tweets foram extraídos e analisados, utilizando a linguagem de programação R. Como metodologias, utilizamos a mineração de texto, a modelagem de tópicos e a análise de sentimentos. Os resultados demonstraram: a camada política; a proposta de um antidiscurso; as contradições do mesmo; e o caso “Geração Paulo Freire”. Observamos a representatividade política de Freire e a sua constante utilização no discurso adotado por determinados grupos políticos. Os achados enfatizam o valor da metodologia utilizada para a compreensão de fenômenos sociais interessantes às Ciências Sociais.
Entrevista de Durval Muniz de Albuquerque Júnior
Authors: FGV/CPDOC Revista Mosaico
Published: January 2022

Resumo da biografia do entrevistado: Durval Muniz Albuquerque Júnior possui graduação em Licenciatura Plena em História pela Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (1982), mestrado em História pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas (1988) e doutorado em História pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas (1994). Pós- Doutorado em Educação pela Universidade de Barcelona e em Teoria e Filosofia da História pela Universidade de Coimbra. Professor titular aposentado da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Atualmente é professor visitante da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, professor permanente dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Bolsista de Produtividade em Pesquisa 1A do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Coordena o Corpus: grupo de estudos e pesquisas em história dos corpos e das sensibilidades; faz parte do Histor: Núcleo de estudos de teoria da história e história da historiografia e do grupo de pesquisa em História dos Sertões. Tem experiência na área de História, com ênfase em Teoria e Filosofia da História, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: gênero, nordeste, masculinidade, identidade, cultura, biografia histórica, produção de subjetividades e história das sensibilidades.
Some statistical models in ecology and epidemiology
Authors: Κονδάκης Μάριος
Published: January 2022

Η εργασία αυτή επικεντρώνεται στη στατιστική μοντελοποίηση συγκεκριμένων βιολογικών διεργασιών από τη Μπευζιανή σκοπιά και μπορεί να χωριστεί σε τέσσερα μέρη. Το πρώτο μέρος αφορά οικολογικά μοντέλα που περιγράφουν τη δυναμική των πληθυσμών των εντόμων, όπως εξηγείται από ντετερμινιστικά και στοχαστικά δημογραφικά μοντέλα, προκειμένου να κατανοήσουμε την πληθυσμιακή απόδοση των χωροκατακτητικών ειδών. Το δεύτερο μέρος αφορά τη διερεύνηση των μη γραμμικών στατιστικών μοντέλων που βασίζονται σε δημοφιλείς οικολογικές συναρτήσεις που περιγράφουν την ανάπτυξη των αρθροπόδων καθώς επηρεάζεται από τη θερμοκρασία. Η στατιστική μοντελοποίηση μπορεί να παρέχει πληροφορίες σχετικά με την εξέλιξη του πληθυσμού των αρθρόποδων, γεγονός σημαντικό για την οικολογία. Επιπλέον, διερευνούμε διάφορες τεχνικές υπολογισμού προκειμένου όχι μόνο να εξάγουμε αξιόπιστες εκτιμήσεις των παραμέτρων που μας ενδιαφέρουν, αλλά και να συγκρίνουμε διαφορετικά μοντέλα και μεθόδους υπολογισμού. Το τρίτο μέρος περιλαμβάνει την μοντελοποίηση συστημάτων θηρευτών-θηραμάτων ώστε να λαμβάνονται υπόψη οι αλλαγές στην κατανάλωση του πληθυσμού των θηραμάτων με την πάροδο του χρόνου καθώς και οι αλληλεπιδράσεις μεταξύ ατόμων εντός του ίδιου είδους. Ως εκ τούτου, μελετάμε στατιστικά μοντέλα που παράγουν δεδομένα χρησιμοποιώντας τη διωνυμική κατανομή, ενώ η μεταβολή της πυκνότητας των θηραμάτων σε πραγματικό χρόνο περιγράφεται μέσω οικολογικών μοντέλων με συνήθεις διαφορικές εξισώσεις. Για την αντιμετώπιση πιθανού θορύβου, προτείνουμε η πιθανότητα κατανάλωσης να συνδεθεί με μια στοχαστική διαδικασία που είναι κεντραρισμένη και ίση (στην περίπτωση απουσίας της διάχυσης) με τη στιγμιαία αναλογία της πυκνότητας του θηράματος που καταναλώνεται (που είναι ο προεπιλεγμένος σύνδεσμος). Το τέταρτο μέρος είναι διακριτό από τα προηγούμενα και αφορά τη μοντελοποίηση και ανίχνευση της εξάπλωσης των ασθενειών που μεταδίδονται από φορέα, καθώς και με την ανάπτυξη ενός ημιαυτόματου συστήματος έγκυρης προειδοποίησης για την πρόληψη των ασθενειών αυτών στο πλαίσιο της επιδημιολογίας. Μια γενική παρατήρηση που διέπει αυτή τη δουλειά είναι ότι η λεπτομερής και εύρωστη μοντελοποίηση μπορεί να βοηθήσει πολύ σε πιο ακριβή και προσεκτικά συμπεράσματα που συνάγονται κατά την ερμηνεία των δεδομένων.
Fear of death among voluntary migrants - qualitative pilot study
Authors: Piłat Marzena
Published: January 2022

Aim of the study

The studies presented here were aimed at answering the following questions: do voluntary migrants, when deciding to cross borders illegally, take into account the risk of losing their life, how much they fear it, and whether personality traits, such as sensation seeking or self-esteem and culture worldview, are associated with the fear of death.

Subject or material and methods

The research covered 16 voluntary migrants. A psychological interview and observation were used. Attempts were made to explain the fear of death and the related behaviours of migrants on the basis of two theories: sensation seeking theory by M. Zuckerman and terror management theory by Greenberg, Pyszczynski and Solomon.

Results

It turned out that the subjects rarely considered the risk of losing health or life on their way to the EU, and the level of fear of death was low, especially in men.

Discussion

The existence of relationships between the level of anxiety and sensation seeking, self-esteem and worldview has been noticed.

Conclusions

The level of fear in women can be explained by their age, life experience, way of making decisions and awareness of dangers along the route to the UE. Women thought about passing away more often because they encountered the death of their relatives more often. Men often made decisions on an impulse. The contemplating death, second aspect of the thanatological attitude was absent in them. They had higher self-esteem than women, a more stable culture worldview, and a higher sensation seeking and propensity for risky behavior. These personality traits may have diminished the fear of death.
Manifestation of oxidative stress during pregnancy in women with chronic diseases of hepatobiliary system against the background of reproductive losses
Authors: Bichevska R. G. , Loskutova I. V.
Published: January 2022

In the early stages of gestation the changes in the lipid peroxidation can lead to violations of regulatory and protective functions of biomembranes in pregnant women. The objective: to study the changes in the concentration of intermediate and final products of LPO during the first trimester of gestation in patients with early miscarriage against the background of chronic diseases of the hepatobiliary system. Materials and methods. 118 pregnant women in the first trimester of gestation (7-10 weeks), aged 22 - 39 y. o. (mean age 29.4 ± 2.7 years) have been examined.64 women (54.2%) were diagnosed with a risk of miscarriage, and 17 patients were diagnosed with involuntary miscarriage within 10-12 days. All women were diagnosed with non-viral and non-alcoholic chronic HBS paathology: hepatic steatosis had 38 patients (32.2%), 80 patients (67.8%) had non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; in 97 patients (82.2%) chronic non-calculous cholecystitis was diagnosed. The state of lipid peroxidation was assessed by the content of malonic dialdehyde spectrophotometrically, as well as diene conjugates  in the blood The indicator of erythrocyte peroxide hemolysis was examined by the level of erythrocyte peroxide resistance. Results. A significant increase in intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation in pregnant women with an unfavorable premorbid background in the form of chronic diseases of the hepatobiliary system and a history of reproductive losses. A significant increase of MDA and DC concentration was found at the risk of premature termination of pregnancy. The degree of PLO processes activation  makes these parameters integrative criteria for the detection of systemic metabolic disorders during gestation in women with GBS extragenital pathology. Conclusion. During physiological pregnancy there is an accumulation of metabolites of lipid peroxidation, which is associated with an increase in basic metabolism in women and an increase in oxygen consumption from the blood.
The clinically relevant diabetic foot syndrome morphology
Authors: Polyovyy V. , Khorshani Bilel , Sydorchuk R. , Kyfiak P. , Khomko O. , Plehutsa I.
Published: January 2022

Objective: to evaluate the morphological changes in diabetic foot syndrome emphasizing the ultrastructural cellular changes.Material and methods. Biopsies of the chronic lesions in 120 diabetic foot patients following necessary preparatory stages were studied by histological, histochemical and electron microscopy methods.Results. The inflammatory infiltration and destruction and involving all layers of skin and soft tissue, the phenomena of vacuolation, apoptosis or karyolysis; tissue edema, diffuse infiltration by neutrophils, vascular plethora with stasis, thrombosis, and necrosis were observed. Microcirculatory tract thrombosis exacerbated tissue ischemia, contributing to the progression of pathology. The macrophages' cytoplasm characterized by the presence of phagocytosed and digested microorganisms often intact inside them. The changes in the status of nuclear and perinuclear material were accompanied by compression and dehydration of the cell, which ended in its fragmentation and the formation of tightly contacting bodies of various shapesConclusions. Morphological changes in diabetic foot syndrome are diverse and uneven, occurring not only on tissue and cellular level but involves subcellular and molecular structures, encouraging further research in this field. Foci of destruction and lysis of the newly formed epithelium are characteristic for diabetic foot, which is not observed in the normal wound process.
Original method of the frontal abdominal wall defect reconstruction using the principle of the reconstructive-restorative surgery
Authors: Khomenko I. P. , Tsema E. V. , Shapovalov V. Yu. , Tertyshny S. V. , Yermuraki P. P.
Published: January 2022

The author srepresent the original clinical data devoting to the further progress in reconstructive surgery. The methodology of the staged anterior abdominal wall defect reconstruction using the Keystone method was used firstly.The aim of the work is to demonstrate the peculiarity of preoperative preparation of patients with the anterior abdominal wall wounds complicated by small intestinal fistulas.The article uses the clinical materials of the concrete patient treatment in the Department of surgical infection of the South Region Military Medical Clinical Centre (Odessa, Ukraine) using the principle of the reconstructive-restorative surgery.The clinical case of the successful surgical treatment of anterior abdominal wall eventration, resulting from numerous laparotomies with pronounced lateralization of the wound, has shown that the solution to this problem should be based on the principles of reconstructive surgery.Preoperative modelling of full-layer flaps using a combined technique (infrared camera FLIR and portable Doppler SONO Trax) reduces the risk of necrosis of the movable flap and accelerates the process of closing of the defect of the anterior abdominal wall. Staged (“step-by-step”) surgical treatment of the postoperative wound of the anterior abdominal wall by reconstruction via to the Keystone method showed a positive and rapid result of solving such a difficult problem as eventration complicated by small intestinal fistula.Restoration of the integrity of the anterior abdominal wall should be considered from the standpoint of reconstructive-restorative features
Effect of corvitin on changes in cytokin levels in the development of experimental bronchial asthma in combination with adrenaline miocardial damage
Authors: Nebelyuk Nazariy
Published: January 2022

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a fairly common disease of the bronchopulmonary system. Its share is from 0.6 to 2% of all respiratory pathology, in different countries this pathology affects from 1 to 10% of the population, in general, the world has at least 2% of the total population.Cardiovascular diseases continue to be a serious problem in medicine. The reason for this is a large number of stresses of various origins, which cause disruption of the body's adaptive capacity, the development of functional and structural changes in it, which ultimately lead to necrotic myocardial damage.The problem of pathogenesis, early diagnosis and treatment of BA today is not fully understood, it is still one of the serious issues of modern medicine. Despite lengthy research, the serious costs of research, the participation of the world's leading experts, methods of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and rehabilitation of patients remain imperfect, although some progress and serious results have already been achieved.The aim of our study was to find out how cytokine levels will change at different stages of the formation of experimental asthma (EA) and adrenaline myocardial damage (AMD), what will be the indicators in the combination of these pathologies and what will be the effect of Corvitin on disorders combination of EA and AMD.The study was conducted on 127 guinea pigs. Blood sampling was performed on the 1st, 4th, 18th and 25th days of EA development, on the same days in AMD, as well as in combination with EA with AMD, and on the 25th day of development of these diseases with treatment. Corvitin, the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines - tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory - interleukin-10 (IL-10) was determined by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Studies of cytokine levels in different groups of animals (intact, with EA, with AMD, with EA and AMD and in animals after treatment) showed that in animals with diseases, the rate of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α increased with decreasing IL-10. At a combination of pathologies changes were the greatest that testifies to a course of diseases more difficult for an organism.The use of Corvitin showed a positive effect on the violation of cytokine levels and their imbalance, which was due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, quercetin may be effective in the treatment of asthma or a combination of pathologies.
Minimally-invasive technologies in the treatment of choledocholithiasis complicated by purulent cholangitis
Authors: Deikalo I. , Osadchuk D. , Karel O. , Handzhalas M.
Published: January 2022

Minimal invasive endoscopic technologies are used in the treatment of patients with choledocholithiasis with complicated cholangitis and biliary sepsis. 56 patients were treated for the period 2014 - 2018, aged 65.5 ± 15.18 years. ERCP was performed in 31 (55,3%) patients, in 13 (23,2%) - surgical intervention was performed without contrast of extrahepatic bile ducts. Papillotomy in 52 cases (96,4%) was performed by string papilloma and in 4 (7,1%) - by needle. In all cases, subtotal papilloprotectomy was performed [1], supplemented by balloon sphincteroplasty. In the I group, the patients included patients with acute cholangitis clinic, in group II patients with clinic of biliary sepsis, in the III group patients with purulent cholangitis clinic, biliary sepsis and septic shock. In the 1st and 2nd groups of patients, mortality was not observed. In the 3rd group, 3 patients died (37,5%). The rest of the patients are discharged from the hospital in a satisfactory condition. A decrease in the level of markers of hepatitis cytolysis (AlAT, AsAT, GGTP, L-FABP) was observed during surgical procedures without ERCP, indicating the toxic effect of contrast on the liver parenchyma. L-FABP is a highly informative marker for hepatocyte cytolysis and can be used as a criterion for hepatic insufficiency and prognosis of biliary sepsis. The high efficiency of transpacillary endoscopic surgical techniques in the treatment of cholangitis and biliary sepsis was noted.
Relationships between phosphatemia/phosphaturia and EEG/HRV parameters in patients with chronic pyelonephritis
Authors: Kushneruk Anatoliy , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor
Published: January 2022

Background. As part of the project "Relationships between parameters of electrolytes exchange and EEG&HRV in people without kidney disease and patients with chronic pyelonephritis" we have previously shown that parameters of calcium exchange and EEG/HRV are closely related. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between parameters of phosphate exchange and EEG/HRV in the same cohort of patients. Material and methods. The object of observation were 48 males and 15 females 24-76 years old, who came to the spa Truskavets’ (Ukraine) for the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis in remission. We recorded simultaneosly EEG (“NeuroCom Standard”) and electrocardiogram ("CardioLab+HRV") in II lead to assess the parameters of HRV. Phosphate concentration was determined in blood plasma and daily urine. Results. It was stated normal or moderately reduced plasma phosphate levels in combination with a very wide range of phosphate urinary excretion. A very strong canonical correlation was found between phosphatemia and EEG/HRV parameters (R=0,982). The correlations with the parameters of the beta and theta rhythms of the EEG and the HRV are positive, while with the parameters of the delta rhythm of the EEG are negative. The canonical correlation between phosphaturia and EEG parameters is also very strong (R=0,879). Conclusion. Parameters of phosphate exchange and EEG/HRV are closely related, however the question of the causal nature of correlations remains open.