bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Histopathological Variants of Orofacial Lipoma in a Nigerian Population
Authors: Omoregie O.F. , Akpata O. , Ojo M.A.
Published: August 2023

Background: The rarity of lipoma in the orofacial region has made it difficult to ascertain the clinicopathological pattern of orofacial lipoma in our environment. This study aims to determine the age, gender, sites and histopathological variants of orofacial lipoma in a Nigerian population.Materials and Methods: A 21-year retrospective review was performed on patients' clinical notes, histopathology slides and reports of all histopathologically diagnosed orofacial lesions in the Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.Results: Of the 1116 diagnosed lesions within the study period, there were 15 (1.3%) cases of lipoma. There was a female to male ratio of 2:1, with a mean th age of 31 + 1.2 years and the peak age group was the 4 decade of life (n=6, 40.0%). The buccal mucosa (n=8, 53.3%) and the forehead (n=4, 26.7%) were the commonest orofacial sites of the lesion. The conventional lipoma (n=8, 53.3%) was the predominant lesion, followed by angiolipoma (n=3, 20.0%), fibrolipoma (n=2, 13.3%), spindle cell lipoma (n=1, 6.7%) and intramuscular lipoma (n=1, 6.7%).Conclusion: This study observed a low prevalence of orofacial lipoma comparable to previous reports. The lesion occurred predominantly in adult females and the buccal mucosa was the commonest orofacial site. Apart from the conventional lipoma, angiolipoma was the second most frequent histopathological variant of the lesion. Early surgical intervention and histopathological evaluation of clinically suspicious cases of orofacial lipoma is recommended to avoid facial disfigurement and to rule out a malignant lesion mimicking the benign type.
A Comparative Analysis of the Duration and Cost of Treatment Between Glass Ionomer and Resin Based Fissure Sealants among Children in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: ` P.U. , Sote E.O. , Oredugba F.A. , Ize-Iyamu I.N.
Published: August 2023

Background: Dental service utilization in children is reduced as a result of long treatment times and prohibitive cost of treatment. This may result in  an increase in early childhood caries and subsequent premature tooth loss. Fissure sealants are a preventable method in the management of  dental caries but the cost may be a barrier to early treatment.

Aim: To compare the duration and cost of sealant treatment between glass ionomer and resin based fissure sealants among children in Benin City,Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: All occlusal surfaces of the lower permanent first molars (2 teeth each in a total number of 50 children) were sealed andincluded in the study (n=100). A split-mouth design was used in which a light cure Bis-GMA resin-based sealant was compared with a glass-ionomersealant. They were then randomly placed in 50 matched contralateral pairs of permanent first molar teeth and a stop watch used to record the duration of placement. The cost of treatment was calculated by dividing the cost of the sealant kit with the total number of sealed occlusal surfaces. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 with the chi square test for determination of variables. Probability values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The duration of sealant treatment using resin based sealant ranged from 235 to 446 seconds (mean time 318.86 +55.54 secs); while theduration of sealant treatment using glass ionomer based sealant ranged from 238 to 360 seconds (a mean time 292.57 +33.56 secs); and this wasstatistically significant (P<0.001). The cost of sealing a tooth surface using resin sealant (Clinpro®) was five hundred and seventy naira only. Similarly, the cost of sealing a tooth surface using glass ionomer based sealant (GC Fuji triage®) was eight hundred and forty naira only.

Conclusion: Less chairside time is required for sealant treatment using glass ionomer than resin based sealant for fissure sealing procedures. The use of resin based fissure sealant is relatively cheaper when compared with glass ionomer based sealant
Knowledge and Attitude of Nigerian Dentists to Immediate Loading of Dental Implants
Authors: Obagbemiro K.O. , Ajayi Y.O. , Akeredolu P.A. , Arotiba G.T.
Published: August 2023

Background: Treatment with dental implants is an attractive option in the practice of restorative dentistry. Majority of patients treated with dental implants have reported remarkable improvement in function, esthetics and psychological status. Dental implant placement traditionally was advocated for healed extraction sites; however, the development of a better understanding of the biologic principles of bone healing has led to preferment of immediate implants.Aim: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of Nigerian dentists to immediate loading of dental implants.Materials and Methods: Pretesting of the questionnaires was earlier carried out on 20 dentists at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos. It was a questionnaire based cross sectional study conducted among dentists that attended Nigerian Dental Association Conference. Participants were recruited through a simple random sampling through a selection of “Yes or No”. Questionnaires were given to individuals that picked the “Yes” option. Three hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed and 250 were duly filled and returned to the researchers. Analysis of data was done using SPSS Version 20.Results: Sixty five point eight percent of the participants were females and the commonest age group of the respondents was 35-39 years (30.8%). Most of the respondents (81.8%) have a minimum of 10 years clinical experience. 74.4% of respondents had knowledge of immediate loading of dental implants however, 66.2% of respondents do not place dental implants in their clinics. 74.4% of those that do, do not practise immediate loading of dental implants.Conclusion: Though most dentists know about immediate loading of dental implants, only a few practise it.
Achieving Universal Health Coverage for Oral Health in Nigeria: Prospects, Barriers and Strategies
Authors: Otoh E.C.
Published: August 2023

The United Nations instituted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to solve health problems by integrating the social determinants of health in the management of diseases. However, oral health is not one of the issues addressed by the Sustainable Development Goals despite the facts that orodental diseases are on the rise in Nigeria and the diseases are related toneglected lifestyles and socio-economic health determinant factors. The objective of the paper is to provide evidence based facts for the expansion of the scope of dental services in the National Health Insurance Scheme. The barriers to and the strategies to achieving Universal Oral Health Coverage in Nigeria are also discussed.
New and Emerging Infections : Impact on the Practice of Dentistry in Nigeria
Authors: Sofola O.O. , Uti O.G. , Idah E.U. , Leo-Olagbaiye A.A. , Odogu U.I.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To highlight the challenges and impacts of COVID 19 on dental practice in Nigeria.Materials and Methods: A literature search was done using Electronic databases such as Medline, Pub Med and Google Scholar. Words that were searched included “New and Emerging Infections, challenges and Impact on Practice of Dentistry in Nigeria”.Results: New and emerging Infections have far reaching impacts on public health. The dental clinic is a probable environment for the airborne transmission of these infections due to the generation of aerosols and the close contact between the health workers and patients. Conclusion: Strict infection control measures are mandatory in the dental clinic. This translates to prohibitive cost of treatment as most practices have to include additional cost for things as personal protective equipment, disinfectants.
Coronavirus Disease: Implications for Paediatric Dental Care
Authors: Oziegbe E.O.
Published: August 2023

The recent outbreak of the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused widespread public health concerns. The virus is responsible for the respiratory disease, coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has rapidly spread to involve many countries in the world. The infection affects adults and children however, symptoms in childrenseems milder. Transmission occurs primarily through droplet spread or contact route. The unique characteristics of the dental settings makes it focal points for cross infection, this is particularly more serious in paediatric dentistry because the majority of affected children are often asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. This article provides a brief overview of the epidemiology, routes of transmission, and clinical features of COVID – 19 disease in children and implications for paediatric dental care.
Memoirs of a Dentist, Soldier, Administrator, the New NDA and an Educator.
Authors: Osisanya Olujimi
Published: August 2023

My military and dental career started when I won the Dental Cadetship, a scholarship scheme of the Nigerian Army in October 1967 to read Dentistry at the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba (CMUL). Suddenly, the Nigerian Civil War started and I had to undergo my basic military training at the Army Depot, Abeokuta. I completed my dental training in June 1972. I was in the second set of Dentists graduated from CMUL and the first Odogbolu dentist.
MANAGEMENT OF UNERUPTED ANTERIOR TEETH: AN AUDIT OF TREATMENT OUTCOMES
Authors: Ifesanya Joy , Temisanren Orighoye , Aladelusi Timothy , Olusanya Adeola
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Anterior teeth are valuable for aesthetics, speech and mastication . Their absence, impaction and/or delayed eruption create significant distress often leading to early presentation to the dental office. This study presents an audit of the management of impacted anterior teeth that presented at a tertiary level dental clinic. The periodontal outcomes of the aligned teeth were also reported.

Methods: This is an observational study spanning a nine-year period. Demographic data, clinical presentation as well as post alignment dental and periodontal status of the impacted teeth were assessed. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Fisher’s exact test and paired samples T-test were used for categorical and continuous variables respectively. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results: Twenty-eight (1.76%) cases presenting with failed eruption of thirty-two anterior teeth were found during the period under review. Eight patients were treated by extraction, orthodontic treatment and space closure or prosthetic replacement with a mean treatment time of 2.83 ± 2.66 years. Thirteen patients completed treatment by orthodontic alignment with mean alignment time of 1.4 ± 1.5 years and treatment time of 3.6 ± 2.5 years. There was significant difference in the post-operative root length of aligned teeth compared to their normal antimeres (p < 0.005).

Conclusion: Patients with impacted anterior teeth presented later than was beneficial for spontaneous alignment of their teeth. The average 1.5mm loss of root length observed was not detrimental to the anatomical retention or function of the aligned teeth. There is need for more enlightenment with regards to early presentation for dental problems to avoid expensive and time-consuming treatments.
Subjek Hukum Dаlаm Ekonomі Syаrіаh
Authors: Pirdayanti Yupi , Аbdаl
Published: August 2023

This article is about the subject of law in sharia economics. The discussion of contracts studied in Sharia economic law occupies a fairly important position. A contract can be said to be valid if it has met the terms and conditions in the sharia agreement. One of the things that must be fulfilled is the contracting party. The subject of law is individual in the study of fiqh muamalah However, with the development of the times the subject of this contract is not only an individual but in the form of a legal entity. A legal entity is something based on the demands of the needs of society that by law is recognized as a supporter of rights and obligations or everything that by law can have rights and obligations. implemented in the agreements of the contribation/musyârakah more specifically on the musyarakah mu'ashirah (contemporary Sharing) contracts such as the At-Tadhamun syirkah, the Taushiyah basithah syirkah, the mas'uliah syirkah, the musahamah syirkah and the taushiyah bi al-Asham syirkah.
Konsep Keluаrgа Sаkіnаh Menurut Perspektіf Ulаmа Dаyаh Kecаmаtаn Dаrussаlаm Kecаmаtаn Dаrussаlаm Kаbupаten Аceh Besаr
Authors: Hidayaturridha
Published: August 2023

Background. The study іs bаsed on а hіgh dіvorce rаte іn the provіnce of аceh іn 2021, аccordіng to іnformаtіon provіded by the аuthor vіа the mаhkаmаh syаr'іаh аceh court websіte, іt іs sаіd thаt the dіvorce rаte occurred from Jаnuаry to December 2021, the аceh rаte of 6,448 fіxed cаses. Where the 1,474 for dіvorce proceedіngs tаlаk аnd the 4,974 for the dіvorce settlement. Eаrlіer the cаse аccepted by the іslаmіc court todаy аmounted to 7,145 cаses. Аmong them аre 1,684 cаses of dіvorce аnd 5,461 dіvorces. Aim. Therefore the аuthor wаs іnterested іn exаmіnіng how the true concept of the perfect fаmіly, so the аuthor chose the reseаrch subject of dfаther clerіc, Аs the people of аceh аre so fаmіlіаr wіth the ddаd scholаrs аnd the іnformаtіon аnd explаnаtіons thаt the ііms present wіll be very eаsy to аccept аnd the аuthors' hopes thаt the study wіll hаve а posіtіve іmpаct on the socіety аnd cаtіn-cаtіn who wаnt to mаrry especіаlly benefіted the wrіter. So from the аbove descrіptіon the wrіter wаnts to know how the concept of the fаmіly of perfect perfect hаrmony іs bаsed on the perspectіve of the ddіstrіct of bіg dаy.Methods. Іn legаl reseаrch, іt fаlls under the cаtegory of socіologіcаl empіrіcаl reseаrch. The аpproаch used іs а quаlіtаtіve аpproаch, whіch employs theoretіcаl phenomenа. Phenomenа ology іn а method of reseаrch аіmed аt dіscoverіng the substаnce or essence of experіence, thаt іs, reveаlіng іmаges of domestіc lіfe by dfаthers scholаrs іn the denuncіаtіon.Results. Where they buіlt theіr home аrk bаsed on the relіgіous vаlues they hаd leаrned, understood, аnd then to lіve іn theіr dаіly lіves, whіch wаs the tool to support theіr homes towаrd fаmіlіes thаt were perfect, аnd rаhmаh. The study showed thаt the concept of the fаmіly of sаkіnаh аccordіng to the perspectіve of the dfаther clergy dіstrіct dіstrіct wаs а home lіfe buіlt on relіgіous vаlues, thаt of аlwаys іmplаntіng homіlіtіcаl vаlues іn everydаy lіfe on eаch fаmіly member. Then аlso hаd аmаr mа 'ruf nаhі mungkаr's routіne, whіch creаted а peаceful home of soul, аs well аs а perfect fаmіly.
Penerаpаn Nіlаі Іslаm Pаdа Proses Rekrutmen Sumber Dаyа Mаnusіа PT. Аnekа Dhіnаmіkа Solusі-Sіdoаrjo
Authors: Triana Rosalina Noor  , Ilyas Nurul Azam
Published: August 2023

Background. The proper humаn resource recruіtment process wіll benefіt аn orgаnіzаtіon. Іslаmіc vаlues ​​guіde the crіterіа thаt must be met referrіng to the expertіse аnd competіtіon possessed.Aim. Thіs reseаrch іs to descrіbe аnd аnаlyze the аpplіcаtіon of Іslаmіc vаlues ​​іn the humаn resource recruіtment process аpplіed аt PT. Аnekа Dhіnаmіkа Solusі (АDS) Sіdoаrjo.Methods. The quаlіtаtіve cаse study аpproаch wаs selected usіng observаtіon, documentаtіon аnd іntervіews wіth two іnformаnts who were determіned purposіvely.Results. The results of thіs study іndіcаte thаt PT. АDS аs аn outsourcіng compаny іn cаrryіng out the workforce recruіtment process hаs іmplemented Іslаmіc vаlues, іncludіng hаvіng аn аgreement wіth the workforce before stаrtіng work, the аccepted workforce must be mаture, mаіntаіn good cooperаtіve relаtіons аnd cаrry out delіberаtіon аs а solutіon іf а dіspute occurs. іn the collаborаtіve process.
Konstruksi Konsep Ketahanan Keluarga Menurut Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Mohаmmаd Mаlekа  , M. Hendrі Аgustіаwаn
Published: August 2023

Background. The power of socіаl development іs rooted іn the fаmіly аs а nаtіonаl mіcro-communіty. One of the bаsіc foundаtіons of wholeness, strength, аnd sustаіnаble development іs а fаmіly's resіlіence. The Mіnіstry of Women's Empowerment аnd Chіld Protectіon then hаd the concept of fаmіly resіlіence. The concept of fаmіly resіlіence chаnged іnto the Fаmіly Resіlіence Bіll, whіch receіved vаrіous responses.Aim. Thіs study exаmіnes the concept of fаmіly resіlіence аs conceptuаlіzed by the Mіnіstry of Women's Empowerment аnd Chіld Protectіon аnd constructs the concept of fаmіly resіlіence from the perspectіve of Іslаmіc lаw.Methods. Thіs study conducted а quаlіtаtіve reseаrch method wіth а normаtіve jurіdіcаl аpproаch. The dаtа were obtаіned from а lіterаture study relаted to the concept of fаmіly resіlіence whіch іs аnаlyzed usіng Іslаmіc legаl theory.Results. The concept of fаmіly resіlіence formulаted by the Mіnіstry of Women's Empowerment аnd Chіld Protectіon focuses on fіve dіmensіons, specіfіcаlly, legаlіty аnd fаmіly structure, resіlіence, аvаіlаbіlіty of а fіxed plаce to sleep, economіc resіlіence, psychologіcаl socіаl resіlіence, аnd socіoculturаl resіlіence. The concept of fаmіly resіlіence іn the perspectіve of Іslаmіc lаw іs constructed wіth the mаqаsіd аl-shаrі'аh concept relаted to the legаlіty of mаrrіаge аnd bіrth, the mu'аshаrаh bі аl-mа'ruf concept relаted to gender pаrtnershіps аnd fаmіly heаlth, аnd the concept of lіvіng relаted to іncome, fіnаncіng chіldren's educаtіon, аnd fіnаncіаl guаrаntees for fаmіly аnd housіng, where the concept of fаmіly resіlіence cаn be іn lіne wіth God's commаnd to prevent fаmіlіes from hellfіre аnd not leаve offsprіng іn а vulnerаble condіtіon іn terms of lаck of understаndіng of the rіght relіgіon, lаck of provіsіon of weаlth, аnd the low аbіlіty to mаster scіence.
Experimental and numerical investigations on the forming behaviour of hybrid structures produced by non-kinematical constraint manufacturing processes
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Chugreev Alexander , Schulze Henrik
Published: August 2023

With regard to the challenges in the automotive production sector, caused by political regulations of CO2 emissions, lightweight concepts are focussed by industrial development. Fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) represent an alternative material compared to monolithic steel. On the one hand FRP materials offer advantages like less density with high specific strength, on the other hand new production concepts and processes are needed. A possible approach is the combination of different forming processes for the production of new hybrid components. Polymer based and conventional sheet metal material characteristics differ strongly. Therefore an extensive material characterisation is needed as well as appropriate mathematical methods concerning the material modelling. This publication deals with the material characterisation of glass mat reinforced thermoplastic composite (GMT) and the finite element based design of a manufacturing process of hybrid components with metallic inlays.
GENIUS: GEnome traNsformatIon and spatial representation of mUltiomicS data
Authors: Sokač Mateo , Kjær Asbjørn , Dyrskjøt Lars , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Aerts Hugo J.W.L. , Birkbak Nicolai J
Published: August 2023

The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed cancer research. As costs have decreased, NGS has increasingly been applied to generate multiple layers of molecular data from the same samples, covering genomics, transcriptomics, and methylomics. Integrating these types of multi-omics data in a combined analysis is now becoming a common issue with no obvious solution, often handled on an ad-hoc basis, with multi-omics data arriving in a tabular format and analyzed using computationally intensive statistical methods. These methods particularly ignore the spatial orientation of the genome and often apply stringent p-value corrections that likely result in the loss of true positive associations. Here, we present GENIUS (GEnome traNsformatIon and spatial representation of mUltiomicS data), a framework for integrating multi-omics data using deep learning models developed for advanced image analysis. The GENIUS framework is able to transform multi-omics data into images with genes displayed as spatially connected pixels and successfully extract relevant information with respect to the desired output. Here, we demonstrate the utility of GENIUS by applying the framework to multi-omics datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Our results are focused on predicting the development of metastatic cancer from primary tumors, and demonstrate how through model inference, we are able to extract the genes which are driving the model prediction and likely associated with metastatic disease progression. We anticipate our framework to be a starting point and strong proof of concept for multi-omics data transformation and analysis without the need for statistical correction.
Specific Modulation of CRISPR Transcriptional Activators through RNA-Sensing Guide RNAs in Mammalian Cells and Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Pelea Oana , Mayes Sarah , Ferry Quentin RV. , Fulga Tudor A. , Sauka-Spengler Tatjana
Published: August 2023

Cellular transcripts encode important information regarding cell identity and disease status. The activation of CRISPR in response to RNA biomarkers holds the potential for controlling CRISPR activity with spatiotemporal precision. This would enable the restriction of CRISPR activity to specific cell types expressing RNA biomarkers of interest, while preventing unwanted activity in other cells. Here, we present a simple and specific platform for modulating CRISPR activity in response to RNA detection through engineering
Streptococcus pyogenes
Cas9 single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs). sgRNAs are engineered to fold into complex secondary structures that, in the ground state, inhibit their activity. Upon recognizing complementary RNAs, the engineered sgRNAs become activated, enabling Cas9 to perform its function. Our approach enables CRISPR activation in response to RNA detection in both HEK293T cells and zebrafish embryos. Iterative design optimizations allowed the development of computational tools for generating sgRNAs capable of detecting RNA sequences of choice. Mechanistic investigations reveal that engineered sgRNAs are cleaved during RNA detection, and we identify key positions that benefit from chemical modifications to improve the stability of engineered sgRNAs
in vivo
. Our sensors open up novel opportunities for the development of new research and therapeutic applications using CRISPR activation in response to endogenous RNA biomarkers.
Rapid cloning-free mutagenesis of new SARS-CoV-2 variants using a novel reverse genetics platform
Authors: Kipfer Enja , Hauser David , Lett Martin J. , Otte Fabian , Urda Lorena , Zhang Yuepeng , Lang Christopher M. R. , Chami Mohamed , Mittelholzer Christian , Klimkait Thomas
Published: August 2023

Reverse genetic systems enable engineering of RNA virus genomes and are instrumental to study RNA virus biology. With the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, already established methods were challenged by the large genome of SARS-CoV-2. Herein we present an elaborated strategy for the rapid and straightforward rescue of recombinant plus-stranded RNA-viruses with high sequence fidelity, using the example of SARS-CoV-2. The strategy called CLEVER (CLoning-free and Exchangeable system for Virus Engineering and Rescue) is based on the intracellular recombination of transfected overlapping DNA fragments allowing the direct mutagenesis within the initial PCR-amplification step. Furthermore, by introducing a linker fragment – harboring all heterologous sequences – viral RNA can directly serve as template for manipulation and rescue of recombinant mutant virus, without any cloning-step needed. Overall, this strategy will facilitate recombinant SARS-CoV-2 rescue and accelerate its manipulation. Using our protocol, newly emerging variants can quickly be engineered to further elucidate its biology.
Mastigodiaptomus galapagoensis n. sp. (Crustacea: Copepoda: Diaptomidae), a possibly extinct copepod from a crater lake of the Galápagos archipelago
Authors: Elías-Gutiérrez Manuel , Steinitz-Kannan Miriam , Suárez-Morales Eduardo , López Carlos
Published: August 2023

Background

A new species of a Neotropical diaptomid copepod is described based on individuals recovered from a small, almost forgotten collection of unique plankton samples from El Junco, a crater lake in San Cristóbal island, Galápagos archipelago. This copepod was regularly reported (1966–2004) as an abundant zooplankter in the lake, but it was not found in subsequent plankton surveys (2007–2018), and its specific identity remained unknown. In 2020, it was declared extinct because of introduced fish predation, rotenone treatment, and other major disturbances. The taxonomic examination of these invaluable specimens allowed us to recognize them as representing an undescribed species of the freshwater diaptomid genus Mastigodiaptomus Light, 1939.

Methods

Here, we describe the new species from El Junco crater lake, located in the San Cristóbal island a part of the Galápagos archipelago, collected with plankton nets. The description is based on detailed morphology, based on SEM and light microscopy.

Results

The taxonomic examination of these invaluable specimens allowed us to recognize them as representing an undescribed species of the freshwater diaptomid genus Mastigodiaptomus Light, 1939. The new species was readily assigned to this genus and is distinguished from its known congeners by details of (1) the male right fifth leg terminal claw and aculeus, (2) spiniform processes pattern of the right geniculate antennule segments 10–16, (3) length and structure of the spiniform process of the antepenultimate segment of the male right antennule, and (4) details of the dorsal process on the female fourth pediger. This finding represents the first report of this Neotropical copepod genus outside its original biogeographic region, the third species of a diaptomid copepod reported from insular freshwater systems, the southernmost record of Mastigodiaptomus, and the only freshwater calanoid in the Galápagos. The intriguing presence of this chiefly Neotropical copepod genus here could be related either to (1) human agency linked to pirate activities, commercial travelling by Spaniard ships, whaling activities, and intense tortoise hunting in San Cristóbal island. In the past, El Junco was the only freshwater source 600 nautical miles around, or (2) zoochory of resistant dormant stages passively transported by more than 65 migrating bird species known to settle in San Cristóbal. These two hypotheses cannot be properly tested at this time, so the explanation of the presence of this copepod will remain as a new open question in the fascinating natural history of the Galápagos.
Examining the Impact of Training Practices and Organizational Culture on Police Misconduct in Law Enforcement Agencies in the Regional Training Center 5
Authors: Custodio Benjamin
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the relationship between training practices, organizational culture, incidents of abuse of authority, and unsafe training practices within law enforcement agencies. The main purpose of the study is to identify factors contributing to police misconduct and to provide recommendations for reforms to ensure the safety and well-being of trainees, prevent similar incidents in the future, and restore public faith in law enforcement agencies. This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology. The quantitative method was used to get the data from surveys coming from the participants and official records from the involved agency and organization. The qualitative method was used for the interviews and case studies. The sample includes trainees, officers, and supervisors from various law enforcement agencies. Results reveal that abuse of authority and unsafe training practices are associated with a negative organizational culture, inadequate ethical training, and a lack of effective leadership. Furthermore, the fear experienced by trainees in complying with excessive demands contributes to the risk of harm. The study also found that such incidents can damage the reputation of the police force, leading to a loss of public trust and confidence. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to address these issues, including implementing ethical training, strong leadership, transparency, accountability measures, and evidence-based recruitment practices. These measures can promote a positive organizational culture, enhance the safety and well-being of trainees, and restore public faith in law enforcement agencies.
Financial Indicators as Predictors of UNDP’s Human Development Index (HDI): A Literature Review
Authors: Delgado Christina Patricia , Japos Genaro
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a novel reinforcement of financial indicators as predictors of UNDP’s Human Development Index (HDI). The review focused on the roles of each financial index as a mediator of a positive relationship between the World Bank’s financial indicators and HDI. The literature review focused on how each financial indicator affects human development, whether the indicators significantly predict global HDI, and whether there was a significant relationship between the financial indicators and the 69 countries’ HDI. The study used content analysis of scientific sources generated through Google Bard, ChatGPT, and the Consensus app. The sources and references came from research databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Clarivate Analytics, and DOAJ. Results showed a significant correlation between financial indicators and human development. The study concluded that financial indices such as financial development, inclusion, and financial sustainability were significant predictors of human development.
Digital and Human Resource Transformation on Financial Technology Era: A Case Study Inside Banking Industry
Authors: Dunggio Silvana , Hamzah Djabir , Taba Muh. Idrus
Published: August 2023

The dynamic of banking industry development globally moves forward rapidly and to be more specific, in the context of Asian, especially in the developing countries, such as Indonesia, the recent development of banking industry in Indonesia from 2020 has been aligned with the government work programs, national long-term development plan, as well as, national medium-term development plan, especially in supporting the national economic recovery program as a response to the impact of Covid-19. Research on the competitive advantage strategy of banks in the context of Asian region, especially developing countries, has been less discussed in the literature and the most interesting notion is that, as for the novelty of this study, it is crucial to explore the new era of financial technology, known as a fintech, which is currently blossoming within the banking services and markets. As such, this study intends to investigate the role competitive advantage strategy of bank through the emphasis on digital and human resource transformation towards financial technology era. By using a qualitative research method with the approach of case study, this study finds, as for theoretical contribution, that digital and human resource transformation do affect the behavior of bank in entering and adapting the financial technology era, for example, facilitating the human resource to acquire a new skills in related with the digital banking system. The recommendation of managerial contribution is also offered in this study within a particular section of this paper.
Estimation of Dormant Cell Population in Cancer Patients: A New Approach
Authors: Kouaho Kouadio Jean Claude , N'zi Koffi Yao Modeste , Adoubi Innocent
Published: August 2023

The branching processes form a configuration for modeling tumor cells. Faced with unobserved data on dormant cells, inference based on the branching process is not easy to achieve. In large populations, we construct a new framework for estimating dormant cells and tumor dormancy rates. This inference uses of control theory is based on deterministic process statistics approximating branching process in large populations. Precisely, we use an auxiliary system called an observer whose solutions tend exponentially towards those of the limit deterministic model. This observer uses only available measurable data on tumor cells and provides estimates of the number of dormant cells. In addition, the constructed observer does not use the parameter of the generally unknown tumor dormancy rate. We also derive a method to estimate it using the estimated states. We apply this estimation method using simulated data from the branching process.
Analisis Interaksi Simbolik pada Konten TikTok @don.Gustavio dalam Memaknai Karakter Generasi 80-an 90-an, dan 2000-an
Authors: Agustya Sylvana Virgina , Rahma Hanifa Miftahur , Natalia Kharisma
Published: August 2023

Interaksionisme simbolik muncul melalui simbol-simbol bersama, seperti kata-kata, definisi, peran, gerak tubuh, ritual, yang merupakan proses sosial dasar yang memungkinkan objektifikasi refleksi diri. Artikel ini ingin melihat seperti apa interaksi simbolik yang dibuat dalam konten @don.gustavio dalam menggambarkan tiga generasi yang berbeda, sekaligus melihat cara seorang content creator menyampaikan interaksi simbolik tersebut kepada para pengikutnya. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk melihat interaksi simbolik pada 2 (dua) konten video yang diunggah di akun @don.gustavio melalui likes dan komentar yang dituliskan oleh para pengguna TikTok. Kedua video ini dianggap paling relevan serta mewakili kondisi sosial yang terjadi pada 3 (tiga) generasi. Metode yang dipakai dalam penyusunan artikel ini adalah kualitatif-deskriptif dengan pendekatan analisis pada konten media sosial TikTok. Persetujuan netizen dilihat dari like dan kolom komentar video yang menjadi wadah interaksi para netizen untuk bertukar cerita mengenai pengalaman mereka dalam bersosialisasi dengan tiga generasi. Dalam interaksi ini terlihat bahwa terdapat pemahaman tentang bagaimana konten video @don.gustavio secara sosial mengkonstruksikan konsep diri dan netizen mampu menempatkan dirinya masing-masing pada peran orang lain.
The Social Construction of the Rebo Wekasan Ritual in Building Collective Trust in the Karundang Tengah Community to Increase Social Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Putri Liza Diniarizky , Parani Rizaldi , Malik Abdul
Published: August 2023

The Rebo Wekasan ritual which has become a tradition in various regions of the archipelago aims to seek safety from the arrival of danger and is a form of guarding or rejecting reinforcements and asking to be protected from harm. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Rebo Wekasan as a ritual in building the collective trust of the Karundang community as an effort to grow social resilience in a pandemic. This study uses social construction theory. The approach used is qualitative by interviewing the leader of the neighborhood association, a religious leader, the daughter of a traditional leader, and one citizen. The main results of this research, obtained through thematic analysis, are first, while most people construct the Rebo Wekasan ritual as an effort to reject reinforcements and maintain tradition, some see it as simply an attempt to reduce stress due to the pandemic; second, while these constructions are different, the three of them together can encourage collective resilience in the form of stress reduction; third, related to mechanisms, three ways allow construction to lead to collective resilience, namely through traditional mechanisms, functional mechanisms, and pragmatic mechanisms. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the community's construction of the Rebo Wekasan ritual led to several mechanisms, resulting in community resilience in facing the pandemic.
Representasi Ras Kulit Hitam dalam Mini-Series “The Falcon and The Winter Soldier”
Authors: Kevin Christopher
Published: August 2023

Isu rasisme dan diskriminasi terhadap ras kulit hitam kembali menjadi perbincangan publik Amerika Serikat, dipicu dengan gerakan #BlackLivesMatter pada 2020. Satu tahun setelahnya, Marvel Studios merilis serial pendek The Falcon and The Winter Soldier, yang menampilkan tokoh ras kulit hitam sebagai Captain America. Menariknya, ras kulit hitam merepresentasikan simbol, idealisme, dan harapan Amerika Serikat, sebuah bangsa dengan sejarah diskriminasi terhadap ras kulit hitam. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penggambaran ras kulit hitam dalam tokoh kulit hitam dan cerita mini-series The Falcon and The Winter Soldier. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Untuk menganalisis penggambaran ras kulit hitam, metode semiotika televisi John Fiske digunakan, yang mencakup 3 level, yaitu level realitas, level representasi, dan level ideologi. Dalam serial pendek ini, ras kulit hitam digambarkan memiliki keraguan diri, disebabkan oleh internalized racial inferiority. Ras kulit hitam diperlihatkan menghadapi systemic racism, yang mengakibatkan ketidaksetaraan kesempatan dan perlakuan yang diterima. Dalam bertahan hidup di tengah permasalahan, ras kulit hitam mengandalkan bantuan baik dari keluarga ataupun komunitas informal. Serial pendek ini menampilkan ras kulit hitam memiliki kualitas seorang pemimpin, seperti idealis, menghormati sesamanya, tidak menggunakan paksaan dalam memimpin, dapat mengambil keputusan sukar, serta berjuang bagi kepentingan orang banyak.
Studi Efikasi Diri terhadap Komunikasi Non-Verbal dalam Karakter Utama Film The Pursuit of Happiness
Authors: Monica Nisa , Marta Rustono Farady , Panggabean Hana
Published: August 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelaah Afikasi diri dan komunikasi non-verbal yang terdapat pada setiap bagian adegan film tersebut yang dielaborasikan dengan teori naratif Tzvetan Todorov’s, Self Efficacy dan Non-verbal Communication. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian kualitatif dan Analisa pendekatan naratif Tzvetan Todorov’s yang terdapat pada Film The Pursuit of The Happiness. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Afikasi diri mendorong seseorang untuk dapat menjalin relasi yang baik dengan sosial dan berdampak positif pada hasil yang diperolah pada akhir film. Afikasi diri yang tinggi membuat seseorang menjadi mampu untuk berkomunikasi dengan baik, entah dalam relasi personal maupun didalam organisasi. Film memiliki kapabilitas untuk memberikan pesan yang efektif untuk khalayak. Pesan tersebut dapat terdiri dari berbagai variasi yang ditujukan dari komunikator untuk memberikan intisari bagi khalayak yang menerima pesan tersebut, baik pesan moral, pengetahuan, atau persuasif.
Integrating Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Into Primary Care Settings
Authors: Austin Elizabeth J. , Chen Jessica , Briggs Elsa S. , Ferro Lori , Barry Paul , Heald Ashley , Merrill Joseph O. , Curran Geoffrey M. , Saxon Andrew J. , Fortney John C. , Ratzliff Anna D. , Williams Emily C.
Published: August 2023

Importance

Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) (eg, buprenorphine and naltrexone) can be offered in primary care, but barriers to implementation exist.

Objective

To evaluate an implementation intervention over 2 years to explore experiences and perspectives of multidisciplinary primary care (PC) teams initiating or expanding MOUD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This survey-based and ethnographic qualitative study was conducted at 12 geographically and structurally diverse primary care clinics that enrolled in a hybrid effectiveness–implementation study from July 2020 to July 2022 and included PC teams (prescribing clinicians, nonprescribing behavioral health care managers, and consulting psychiatrists). Survey data analysis was conducted from February to April 2022.

Exposure

Implementation intervention (external practice facilitation) to integrate OUD treatment alongside existing collaborative care for mental health services.

Measures

Data included (1) quantitative surveys of primary care teams that were analyzed descriptively and triangulated with qualitative results and (2) qualitative field notes from ethnographic observation of clinic implementation meetings analyzed using rapid assessment methods.

Results

Sixty-two primary care team members completed the survey (41 female individuals [66%]; 1 [2%] American Indian or Alaskan Native, 4 [7%] Asian, 5 [8%] Black or African American, 5 [8%] Hispanic or Latino, 1 [2%] Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and 46 [4%] White individuals), of whom 37 (60%) were between age 25 and 44 years. An analysis of implementation meetings (n = 362) and survey data identified 4 themes describing multilevel factors associated with PC team provision of MOUD during implementation, with variation in their experience across clinics. Themes characterized challenges with clinical administrative logistics that limited the capacity to provide rapid access to care and patient engagement as well as clinician confidence to discuss aspects of MOUD care with patients. These challenges were associated with conflicting attitudes among PC teams toward expanding MOUD care.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this survey and qualitative study of PC team perspectives suggest that PC teams need flexibility in appointment scheduling and the capacity to effectively engage patients with OUD as well as ongoing training to maintain clinician confidence in the face of evolving opioid-related clinical issues. Future work should address structural challenges associated with workload burden and limited schedule flexibility that hinder MOUD expansion in PC settings.
Perceptions of Safety of Daily Cannabis vs Tobacco Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure, 2017-2021
Authors: Chambers Julia , Keyhani Salomeh , Ling Pamela M. , Hoggatt Katherine J. , Hasin Deborah , Nguyen Nhung , Woods Anne , Ryder Annie , Cohen Beth E.
Published: August 2023

Importance

While rates of cigarette use are declining, more US adults are using cannabis. Perceptions of safety are important drivers of substance use and public policy; however, little is known about the comparative views of US adults on tobacco and cannabis safety.

Objective

To compare public perceptions of safety of cannabis vs tobacco smoke and evaluate how perceptions may be changing over time.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This longitudinal survey study was conducted using a web-based survey administered in 2017, 2020, and 2021. US adults participating in Ipsos KnowledgePanel, a nationally representative, population-based survey panel, were included. Data were analyzed from March 2021 through June 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Two questions directly compared the perception of safety of cannabis vs tobacco in terms of daily smoking and secondhand smoke exposure. Additional questions assessed perceptions of safety of secondhand tobacco smoke for adults, children, and pregnant women, with an analogous set of questions for secondhand cannabis smoke.

Results

A total of 5035 participants (mean [SD] age, 53.4 [16.2] years; 2551 males [50.7%]) completed all 3 surveys and provided responses for tobacco and cannabis risk questions. More than one-third of participants felt that daily smoking of cannabis was safer than tobacco, and their views increasingly favored safety of cannabis vs tobacco over time (1742 participants [36.7%] in 2017 vs 2107 participants [44.3%] in 2021; P < .001). The pattern was similar for secondhand cannabis smoke, with 1668 participants (35.1%) responding that cannabis was safer than tobacco in 2017 vs 1908 participants (40.2%) in 2021 (P < .001). Participants who were younger (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for ages 18-29 years vs ≥60 years, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.1-1.8]; P = .01) or not married (aOR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.0-1.4]; P = .01) were more likely to move toward safer views of cannabis use over time, while those who were retired (aOR vs working, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.7-0.9]; P = .01) were less likely to move toward a safer view of cannabis. Participants were also more likely to rate secondhand smoke exposure to cannabis vs tobacco as completely or somewhat safe in adults (629 participants [12.6%] vs. 119 participants [2.4%]; P < .001), children (238 participants [4.8%] vs. 90 participants [1.8%]; P < .001), and pregnant women (264 participants [5.3%] vs. 69 participants [1.4%]; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that US adults increasingly perceived daily smoking and secondhand exposure to cannabis smoke as safer than tobacco smoke from 2017 to 2021. Given that these views do not reflect the existing science on cannabis and tobacco smoke, the findings may have important implications for public health and policy as the legalization and use of cannabis increase.
Reduced parasite burden in feral honeybee colonies
Authors: Kohl Patrick L. , D'Alvise Paul , Rutschmann Benjamin , Roth Sebastian , Remter Felix , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf , Hasselmann Martin
Published: August 2023

Bee parasites are the main threat to apiculture and since many parasite taxa can spill over from honeybees (Apis mellifera) to other bee species, honeybee disease management is important for pollinator conservation in general. It is unknown whether honeybees that escaped from apiaries (i.e. feral colonies) benefit from natural parasite‐reducing mechanisms like swarming or suffer from high parasite pressure due to the lack of medical treatment. In the latter case, they could function as parasite reservoirs and pose a risk to the health of managed honeybees (spillback) and wild bees (spillover).

We compared the occurrence of 18 microparasites among managed (N = 74) and feral (N = 64) honeybee colony samples from four regions in Germany using qPCR. We distinguished five colony types representing differences in colony age and management histories, two variables potentially modulating parasite prevalence.

Besides strong regional variation in parasite communities, parasite burden was consistently lower in feral than in managed colonies. The overall number of detected parasite taxa per colony was 15% lower and Trypanosomatidae, chronic bee paralysis virus, and deformed wing viruses A and B were less prevalent and abundant in feral colonies than in managed colonies.

Parasite burden was lowest in newly founded feral colonies, intermediate in overwintered feral colonies and managed nucleus colonies, and highest in overwintered managed colonies and hived swarms.

Our study confirms the hypothesis that the natural mode of colony reproduction and dispersal by swarming temporally reduces parasite pressure in honeybees. We conclude that feral colonies are unlikely to contribute significantly to the spread of bee diseases. There is no conflict between the conservation of wild‐living honeybees and the management of diseases in apiculture.