bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cybersecurity in electronic banking in Poland
Authors: Macierzyński Wiesław Łukasz , Boczoń Wojciech
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present both theoretical and practical basis for cybersecurity in electronic banking in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. During this period a major reorganisation of IT solutions occurred, which allowed to extend the range of online products and services offered both to bank customers and employees. As our life is more and more dependent on digital technologies, cyber attacks have become more costly and more dangerous. Driven by dynamic technological development regulations have changed, which resulted in cybersecurity becoming a key priority in financial institutions. All the more so because the rapid technological development has been followed by more and more advanced techniques used by criminals searching for easy financial profits. Methodology: The paper uses the method of literature review - mostly electronic sources,  descriptive and comparative analyses. Findings: From customers, perspective, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cybersecurity in electronic banking in Poland may be recognized as negative. The years 2020-2021 brought a dynamic growth in the number of digital banking customers, especially mobile banking. In those years financial institutions recorded  an enormous increase in online payments, which was the result of strong, forced by the pandemic, surge in sales in E-commerce. At the same time, there was a sharp rise in the crime rate targeted at banks, but most of all, at bank customers. While the security of the very financial institutions remained unthreatened, there was an explosion in the number of cybercrimes  targeted at E-banking users, with the losses giving dozens of millions PLN in total. That is reflected by the data provided by the National Bank of Poland, numerous complaints to the Financial Ombudsman, the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection, as well as the police investigations. Practical implications: The analysis of relations between theoretical and practical bases of cybersecurity in E-banking in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic is a key factor for financial institutions. Cybercrime undermines customers' trust in E-channels and therefore negatively influences how banks are perceived, the level of the users' activity in digital channels, and consequently, activity and sales in E-channels. Besides the image and financial risks, banks need to take into consideration the increase in reputation, operation and legal risks. On these grounds, it is possible for state organisations and financial institutions to develop professional education concerning cybersecurity, not only for E-banking customers, but for the whole society.
Beginnings of Competence based training in kindergarten teacher and teacher training in Romania
Authors:   ", Szabó-Thalmeiner Noémi ,   Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Extension Satu Mare (Romania). E-mail: noemi.szabo@ubbcluj.ro"
Published: April 2023

"Teacher training and development based on competence has been around for 60 years worldwide. The approach reached the Romanian teacher training in the twenty-first century and a list of competences for kindergarten teacher and teacher training was officially included in the national register of qualifications in tertiary education (RNCIS1) in 2012. The following study analyses the competences that are in force and relevant for kindergarten teacher and teacher training in view of the knowledge, attitude and abilities to develop. It becomes clear that organising training based on competences may be helpful in the conscious planning of the training process: it may render the educator’s work more effective as well as it can help students become conscious of their professional self-development. In addition, it may be acknowledged that the competences presently listed in the national register of qualifications in tertiary education (RNCIS) are comprehensive in nature, following a plan – implement – assess approach, the defined competences being slightly subject oriented whereas performance descriptors being too general. Keywords: competence-based training; tertiary education; teacher training "
Rusia-Ucrania: la nociva combinación que explica la guerra
Authors: Olmedo González Hernán
Published: April 2023

Este artículo tiene por finalidad aportar evidencia empírica sobre dos proposiciones con respecto a la guerra interestatal entre Rusia y Ucrania. La primera enuncia que al menos desde el año 2013 a la actualidad, la díada Rusia-Ucrania ha reunido todos los factores de riesgo asociados al inicio de guerras inter-estatales. La segunda enuncia que esta guerra es resultado de un proceso de mutación de una guerra intraestatal internacionalizada a una guerra interestatal. El argumento del estudio enuncia que tanto los factores de riesgo como así también la mutación se explican por una nociva combinación: asimetría de poder entre los Estados miembros participantes del conflicto en fase intraestatal internacionalizada con limitado poder político emergente en la díada interestatal.
Testing of Medical Sheep Fur with Antimicrobial Properties – Part 2
Authors: Niculescu Olga , Constantinescu Rodica Roxana , Gurău Dana
Published: April 2023

There are a number of people with rheumatic, joint and muscle diseases, and the medical treatment of patients suffering from these diseases requires an improvement through alternative methods. Pain is the main symptom of rheumatic diseases and chronic pain affects the physical and mental condition, lowering quality of life and ability to work. Natural products derived from plants with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemo-preventive properties have been used for many generations in traditional medicine. The essential oils extracted from different plants have certain analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, immunostimulating properties, etc. Products have been made based on essential oils with therapeutic properties (daphne, ginger, basil), which can be used to treat the surface of tanned sheep fur for medical purposes. Ecological requirements have led to the development of new fur processing technologies, such as wet-white tanning of fur to eliminate or reduce the amount of complex salts of trivalent chromium. The sheep furs were tanned (without metals) with syntans based on phenolsulfonic acids and aromatic oxysulfones and treated with products based on essential oils with therapeutic properties, to be used to make medical fur articles (lumbar and cervical belts, knee pads, elbow pads, bootees, etc.). They can improve rheumatic, muscular and circulatory conditions, complementing the medical treatment of patients suffering from these conditions. Heat can relieve rheumatic pains (transmitted through the application of natural fur). The work presents the chemical, physical-mechanical and microbiological characterization of natural furs for medical use.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling Technique in the LC-MS Determination of Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Nela Zidekova , Kristian Prso , Lucia Babalova , Stefan Sivak , Egon Kurca , Juraj Mokry , Vladimir Nosal , Martin Kertys
Published: April 2023

Direct oral anticoagulants represent a significant group of drugs used in the prevention or treatment of venous thromboembolic events and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Although routine therapy monitoring is not required, there is an increasing evidence that plasma levels may vary between individuals, suggesting the benefit of plasma levels measurement in some situations. Therapeutic drug monitoring is becoming more popular and accessible to the broader population. Introducing microsampling techniques for the quantitative collection of blood samples has arisen nowadays. The volumetric absorptive microsampling approach using a commercially available device such as a Mitra stick overcomes the hematocrit effect present in the dry blood spot technique. This review discusses the possible application of the volumetric absorptive microsampling approach in monitoring direct oral anticoagulant therapy efficacy.
A road not taken? Economic ideology and the articulation of policy alternatives in Irish state economic policymaking, 1948–58
Authors: Fitzgerald Frank
Published: April 2023

In the midst of a seemingly unending economic crisis, the period 1948–58 saw a dramatic expansion of fiscal policy in Ireland. T. K. Whitaker’s Economic Development is traditionally represented as a landmark departure behind this change from traditional Department of Finance thinking and political inertia, propelled by the perceived Keynesian ideas of his fellow younger economists. However, by assessing the policy positions each actor adopted during major economic events of the period, this study argues that Whitaker’s economic outlook largely aligned with Finance’s, and that Economic Development must be viewed in large part as a reaction to the pre-existing fiscal commitments of the public capital programme. In tandem, it concludes that although the influential younger economists of the period are sometimes described as expansionist Keynesians – such as Patrick Lynch, who in the early part of the decade spearheaded Keynesian-type initiatives such as the capital budget principle – by mid decade their views aligned with the more classical economic outlook of the Department of Finance.
Regional governance and regional development: Implications of the Action Programme for Effective Local Government
Authors: Breathnach Proinnsias
Published: April 2023

Since the 1980s, regional development policy in advanced economies has emphasised the promotion of endogenous development potentials within regions, with local/regional government playing a leading role in the creation of effective governance structures for mobilising these potentials. A key feature of this approach is the adoption of the city-region as the organising unit for pursuing local/regional development. Ireland has not followed this lead, continuing to rely on external investment as the main engine of economic growth and failing to devolve highly centralised functions which could give local/regional government a more effective developmental role. This article argues that the 2012 Action Programme for Effective Local Government proposes a regional structure which is meaningless in terms of city-region development and fails to address the governance weaknesses which inhibit development at the regional and local levels. The action programme therefore ignores international best practice regarding how effective regional development should be pursued.
Phytochemical, Proximate and in-vivo hypoglycemic Potential of Synsepalum dulcificum for Management of Diabetes mellitus in Nigeria
Authors: Onuminya Temitope O. , Asekunowo Anita K. , Ifelaja Folakemi M. , Ogundipe Oluwatoyin T.
Published: April 2023

Synsepalum dulcificum, a potent natural sweetener, is notably used in the traditional treatment of Diabetes mellitus in Nigeria though scientific explanation for its use is not well known. In this study, the phytochemical, proximate and hypoglycemic potential of the leaf and stem extracts (ethanol and aqueous) of S. dulcificum were investigated. The phytochemical and proximate analysis were carried out using a standard protocol. In-vivo assay protocols on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats was followed in determining the hypoglycemic potentials of the extracts (concentrations: 100 mg/Kg, 200 mg/Kg, 400 mg/Kg), using glibenclamide as a standard drug. The aqueous leaf extract gave a higher yield (19.67%) compared to ethanolic extract (17.15%). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, steroids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids in varying degrees in the plant’s parts. Proximate analysis showed higher lipid (23.30%) and protein (12.94%) in leaves and higher fibre content in stems (30.00%). The aqueous leaf extract at a high dose (400 mg/kg) gave the best glucose lowering effect (66.67 mg/dL) compared to the medium dose (78.33 mg/dL) and the standard drug (70.00 mg/dL). The albino rats were unable to survive at the lower dose (100 mg/kg) of all the extracts. The observed hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous leaf extract may be linked to significant tannins, flavonoids and saponins in the extract, as these phytochemicals have been reported to exhibit blood sugar lowering potentials. The results from this study confirmed that the leaf aqueous extract as a potential anti-diabetic agent and justified the folkloric use of Synsepalum dulcificum in the management of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria.
Mn(II), Fe(III) and Ni (II) Complexes of Mixed Citric acid - Sulphamethoxazole: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial activity
Authors: Lawal Amudat , Olowude Seyi , Rajee Abdullahi O. , Elaigwu Sunday E. , Bamigboye Mercy O. , Saadu Haizat O. , Mamman Amos , Babamale Halimat F. , Yunus-Issa Muslimat T. , Amolegbe Saliu A.
Published: April 2023

Three mixed ligand complexes of sulphamethoxazole and citric acid have been synthesized using Mn(II), Fe(III) and Ni(II) chlorides. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, melting point, conductivity test, magnetic measurement, UV-Visible and infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectra data revealed that the ligands act as bidentate, in which citric acid coordinate through C=O of the carboxyl and oxygen of the hydroxyl groups, while sulphamethoxazole coordinates through nitrogen atom of the primary amine group and O=S=O of the sulphonyl group. The result of the elemental analysis was consistent with the proposed pattern for the complexes, while the melting point determination confirmed that the synthesized compounds were pure. Antibacterial activity of metal complexes were screening against five strain bacteria microorganism of g(+)Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Eschericia coli, g(+)Klebsiella pneumonia, g(+)Staphylococcus aureus and g(+)Candida using Muller Hinton diffusion method. The result showed that the overall zone of inhibition against bacterial isolate follows an increasing order of priority Fe(III)˃ Ni(II)˃ Mn(II) complexes.
The role of speed-based strategy instruction on learning and transfer of motor sequences in a complex task
Authors: Iranmanesh Hesam , Kakhki Alireza Saberi , Taheri Hamidreza , Abadi Abolfazl Shayan Noosh
Published: April 2023

Study aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of speed-based strategy instruction on motor sequence learning and transfer.

Material and methods: Male participants (n = 30, 18 to 24 years old) were assigned to one of the groups based on instruction. Motor sequence learning was examined using the complex dynamic arm movement task. Two sets of speed and control instructions completed ten blocks of 100 trials in the acquisition phase followed by the retention and transfer test after 24 hours.

Results: Mixed analysis of variance (2×10 and 2×4) and the independent samples t-test were used to examine the data. The results demonstrated that element response time and error of prediction in both groups were significantly improved in the acquisition phase (P < 0.05), but in the 24-hour retention test, the speed group had a significantly better element response time than the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the findings of the independent samples t-test in the transfer test revealed that element duration and error rate were significantly better in the speed group than the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: According to the data, when compared to the conventional technique, in which participants were not given any special instructions, the speed-based instruction resulted in greater acquisition of the acquired motor sequence and better transfer of a new sequence.
Comparative Case Studies of Community Governance Patterns: From the Tentative Perspective of Fractal Theory
Authors: Jing Chaoliang , Arcuri Graig
Published: April 2023

Community governance quality is of interest to entire human beings across the globe, as communities are the very environment they are living in, hence deciding on people’s life quality. However, the approaches to an inhabitable community vary and the specific governance patterns of community often differ from country to country. Some communities exhibit strong favor for spontaneous order while other communities obviously result from certain deliberate plan. The list of cross-community difference can go on. No matter what kind of pattern a community has chosen willy-nilly, it is noticeable that the realistic governance pattern for a community to embrace is determined by many factors, such as residents’ mores, external institutions and historical tradition among others. To demonstrate the hypothesis, this paper employs a comparative case study of community governance respectively in USA and China (i.e., the city of Oswego, NY, USA and a few urban communities in China). First, a literature review is given on the significant approaches in China to improving community governance. Then, encouraged by the paradigm of social physics (that is a mindset about borrowing scientific principles to handle social problems), the authors choose fractal theory (especially the relevant concept of self-similarity) as an analysis framework to arrive at the conclusion that specific community governance pattern is usually not freely chosen but determined by the fundamental variables which the community happens to be embedded in. The method of analysis and its subsequent implications are expected to turn out useful in understanding and further bettering the community governance effect in future.
Boosting Construction Employees’ Performance Through Smart Ergonomic Moves
Authors: Mustapha Zakari , Boahene Akomah Benjamin , Kobina Aidoo Peter , Kurbom Tieru Chris
Published: April 2023

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are construction workers’ most prevalent occupational diseases due to awkward body posture, high repetition of work and vibration. The study sought to examine the different types of ergonomic moves that could improve construction workers’ performance. Findings show that majority of the workers were males and their trade groups cut across different trade groups (masonry, carpentry, plumbing, and electricals). There was a scarcity of civil engineers and quantity surveyors in almost all the construction firms. The most influential factors that contributed to musculoskeletal injuries among construction workers were extreme temperature, static posture and exertion of force at work. These factors have contributed to the loss of concentration and absenteeism at work, which have also led to delays in the execution of work. Further findings show that engineering control measures should be employed, and training and education should also be given to workers to prevent MSDs among employees to enable them to work smarter but not harder to improve their performance. Employers should include education and specific task training in the company’s policy for all newly employed personnel. Workers should also be monitored to ensure that they take a recess during the day’s work.
Schuld und Erlösung in Traugott Teutschs Erzählung „Der Wortmann“
Authors: Stroia Marius-Daniel
Published: April 2023

In his tale „Der Wortmann“, the Transylvanian-German author Traugott Teutsch tells the story of Peter Emerich, an influent man in his community, who is keen on getting rich and climbing up the social ladder, while preserving the image of an honest person. The article follows through different stages the evolution of his mindset up to the point where he repents of his past actions, tries to make amends for some of his mistakes and decides to lead an unselfish life of faithful service to the community. Guilt, repentance and redemption are some of the main topics followed in this article, which constituted also some of the founding stones of the Transylvanian-German collective mentality.
„Aus jeder Schwäche schmiede ich ein Schwert.“ Jüdische Identität und weibliches Selbstbewusstsein in Klara Blums Lyrik
Authors: Crăciun-Fischer Ioana
Published: April 2023

This paper is an attempt to peel out the core of historical and autobiographical reality in Klara Blumʼs poems, to show their militant character and ideological limits, and to analyze them as contemporary documents whose relevance lies less in the originality of their language than in the consistency of their historical and intellectual substance.
Fremdheitskonstruktionen in Karin Gündischs Roman COSMIN. Von einem, der auszog, das Leben zu lernen
Authors: Karlstedt Ana
Published: April 2023

Cosmin, a twelve-year-old Roma boy from Transylvania, only goes to school for a short while. For his mother, it is more important, that he, the only male of a household with many mouths to feed, help her with work. But Cosmin’s teacher does not give up and proposes a bargain: If Cosmin’s mother lets her children go to school, she will get electricity from the school to be able to watch TV. Due to this arrangement, Cosmin returns to school for a few days, becomes a little thief and embarks on a journey that can become an opportunity for him. A kind of a bildungsroman, a coming of age novel focused on the ups and downs between two worlds on Romanian soil, that could not be more different from one another: the Romanian majority and the Roma minority. This article sets out to document life at the brink of society, with all of its facets.
Nix für die Katz: Laienlexikografie
Authors: Sava Doris
Published: April 2023

In the context of the emergence of various online dictionaries and platforms that also address phraseological units, their usefulness is being questioned and their potential examined in order to illustrate new directions in the development of digital phraseography. The article shows special traits in the formation of lexicographical content in two selected online dictionaries, using the lemma “cat” as example.
Zum mittelalterlichen Dichter und Philosophen Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) Rezension zu: Monaco, Elisa: Dante und das Gedächtnis. Eine interdisziplinäre Studie. Schwabe Verlag: Basel 2021, 347 S. ISBN 978-37965-4427-9
Authors: Sass Maria
Published: April 2023

The book Dante und das Gedächtnis [Dante and Memory], published in 2021 by Schwabe Verlag Basel, is a complex interdisciplinary study addressing the issue of memory in the works of the medieval Italian writer and philosopher Dante Alighieri. The study is focused on a “historical approach”, but the investigation of the Commedia and Vita Nova makes use of narratological concepts as well. Monaco sets out to identify and interpret the reflections on memory present in Dante’s work.

The well-documented and systematized study comprises a lot of new information about the poet, politician, and exile Dante Alighieri.
The impact of full-fat Hermetia illucens larvae meal on the health and immune system function of broiler chickens
Authors: Tykałowski Bartłomiej , Koncicki Andrzej , Kowalczyk Joanna , Śmiałek Marcin , Bakuła Tadeusz , Murawska Daria , Sobotka Wiesław , Stenzel Tomasz
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Alternative protein sources have recently been attracting growing interest as potential components of livestock nutrition. This study evaluated the effect on broiler health of replacing the soybean protein component of poultry feed with processed insect protein from farmed Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae.

Material and Methods

A total of 384 male broiler chicks were divided into four diet groups (eight pens/treatment and 12 birds/pen) and reared to the 42nd day of life (dol). Each treatment group received a starter diet until the 14th dol, then a grower diet until the 35th and finally a finisher diet until the 42nd. The soybean meal in standard diets was replaced with full-fat HI larvae meal in the following amounts: 0% for the control group HI-0, 50% for group HI-50, 75% for group HI-75, and 100% for group HI-100. At 1 dol, chicks were vaccinated against Marek’s disease, coccidiosis, Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis and at 7 dol against avian metapneumovirus infections using live-attenuated vaccines. Blood and spleen samples were collected at three and six weeks of age and analysed using ELISA, flow cytometry, haematology and biochemistry.

Results

On the 42nd dol, as the content of larvae meal in the chickens’ diets increased, the birds’ body weights decreased significantly. The substitution of the protein source had no effect on the haematological markers. In chicks that received larvae meal, there was a decrease in creatine kinase activity and phosphorus levels and an increase in calcium and uric acid levels in serum. Raising the proportion of full-fat HI larvae meal in the diet raised the percentage of T CD3+CD8a+ cells and lowered that of T CD3+CD4+ cells in both sample types. Chickens fed larvae meal had significantly lower post-vaccination anti-infectious bronchitis virus antibody titres.

Conclusion

The poorer production results and impaired health in experimental birds may indicate lower than 50% protein substitution with full-fat HI larvae meal to be optimal.
Investigation of the properties of cast asphalt concrete mixture with the addition of fiber from the fly ash of thermal power plants
Authors: Bieliatynskyi Andrii , Yang Shilin , Pershakov Valerii , Shao Meiyu , Ta Mingyang
Published: April 2023

The introduction of new road-building materials with advanced physical and mechanical properties is the trend in contemporary civil engineering, which aims to increase the quality of road surfaces. The use of cast asphalt concrete in the upper layers of road surfaces as a replacement for layers made of traditional fine-grained asphalt concrete will not only increase the pace of construction and repair, but also the durability and quality of the road pavement. However, this method requires operational and economic optimization. Using fiber from the fly ash of thermal power plants is one of the solutions for the design of cast asphalt concrete compositions. The aim of the work is to design the optimal composition of hot cast asphalt concrete and cold cast emulsion–mineral mixtures with the use of fiber from the fly ash of thermal power plants for the construction of thin-layer coatings of highways of all categories and values; to study their properties; and to determine the feasibility of their use as reinforcing and stabilizing additives. The method of GOST 11506, namely, “Method for determining the softening temperature of the ring and ball”, with the apparatus “Lintel KiSh-20m-4” was used during the experiments. The use of standard laboratory tests made it possible to analyze the quality indicators of the materials under study and design the optimal compositions of hot cast asphalt concrete, taking into account the delamination of the mixture and the criterion of decomposition, in addition to exploring the properties of the obtained material.
A new approach to flux deposition for brazing aluminium by low pressure cold spraying
Authors: Wojdat Tomasz , Winnicki Marcin , Pabian Jaroslaw
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the results of study on the possibility of Nocolok flux deposition to aluminium substrates using the low-pressure cold gas spraying (LPCS) method. An innovative method of applying flux in the form of a powder without organic adhesive additives was proposed, allowing strict control of the deposited material. The influence of the flux powder feeding rate (PFR – 4.5 g/min, 6.3 g/min and 8.5 g/min) on the efficiency of the brazing process of AA3003 aluminium alloy plates was investigated. The results of energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis of the deposited flux coatings are presented for various process parameters. The wettability tested by spreading the B-AlSi12 filler metal on flux-covered aluminium substrates increased significantly with increasing PFR – the contact angle decreased from 21.0° to 4.6°. Microstructure analysis confirmed the high quality of the brazed joints, which were devoid of braze incompatibilities.
Prototype of the Unmanned Marine System “Neogobius-1”
Authors: Chrabąszcz P. , Olejnik A. , Szumacher K.
Published: April 2023

The paper presents the design of the unmanned marine system Neogobius-1 developed and built at the Polish Naval Academy. It is a surface remotely operated boat designed to carry out operational and reconnaissance tasks. The material also presents the results of preliminary functional tests of the system indicating that it has reached Level VII of technological preparedness. In 2021, the Neogobius-1 system won first place in the competition of the Ministry of Defence for the development and construction of an unmanned aerial/maritime system in the operational and reconnaissance category. Currently, the system is being used by students of the Naval Academy's Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Department to develop practical skills and solidify theoretical knowledge.
Persistent Foramen Ovale Associated with Systemic Lupus as a Cause of Acute Ischemic Stroke - A Case Report
Authors: Mileusnic Valentina , Zecevic Aleksandra , Culafic Slobodan , Matic Tatjana Boskovic
Published: April 2023

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by occlusion of a large blood vessel in the neck and / or head presents a common clinical picture in patients with congenital heart defects with the combined existence of systemic diseases. This paper presents a 32 - year - old patient with AIS in the field of cardioembolization. Since it was an occlusion of a large blood vessel (supraclinoid part of the left ICA), an endovascular procedure of mechanical thrombus extraction was applied. Further examination revealed the presence of persistent foramen ovale (PFO) and systemic lupus (SLE) in this patient. The patient underwent percutaneous closure of ASD 5 months after EVT.
El sistema del derecho romano como patrimonio común de la humanidad
Authors: Saccoccio Antonio
Published: April 2023

El Derecho romano, desde sus orígenes, muestra una clara propensión a la universalidad. Esta propensión se manifiesta claramente en la ‘fundación’ del sistema, en las Constituciones con las cuales Justiniano acompaña el lanzamiento del Corpus Iuris Civilis, pero sin duda se remonta ya a la identificación por los romanos del ius gentium, en cuya base se reconoce la naturalis ratio. El estatual-legalismo no ha sido capaz de cortar este cordón umbilical con el derecho romano y la razón natural que lo sustenta. El Derecho romano, vigente aunque ya no eficaz, es el motor de las codificaciones modernas, y debe ser apreciado por los juristas modernos como un verdadero patrimonio común de la humanidad. La salvaguardia de los valores que este representa, que giran en torno a la centralidad de la persona humana (bona fides, aequitas, libertas, voluntas, etc.) representa el reto que todos nosotros, como juristas, debemos demostrar ser capaces de asumir.
La matriz cristiana presente en el pensamiento político-jurídico de Abraham Kuyper
Authors: Medina Krause Francisco
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo tiene como propósito explorar la manera en que el ex primer ministro de Países Bajos y fundador de la Universidad Libre de Ámsterdam, Abraham Kuyper, concebía algunos de los fundamentos del orden político, tales como el concepto de soberanía, el rol del Estado, de los grupos intermedios y el de la propiedad. Kuyper, un autor prácticamente desconocido en Iberoamérica, pero de gran influencia en la Europa de principios del siglo XX, reflexionó a partir de categorías —que hoy llamamos— socialcristianas sobre asuntos de primera importancia para la vida política de cualquier nación, y que hoy parecen estar siendo reformulados. Asimismo, en cada uno de los puntos, intentaremos establecer paralelos con las enseñanzas de la doctrina social de la Iglesia católica, a fin de mostrar las similitudes entre ambas tradiciones de pensamiento social.
How to Talk About Disabilities. Interview With Rhoda Olkin, PhD
Authors: Cannon Bradley
Published: April 2023

Dr. Rhoda Olkin discusses her research findings on unique microaggressions faced by people with disabilities. Which microaggressions occur most often, which are most bothersome, and what can be done to reduce these uncomfortable situations?
Asian American/Pacific Islander Inequities and Mental Health. Interview With Michi Fu, PhD
Authors: Cannon Bradley
Published: April 2023

Join us for a heartfelt audio conversation about the fastest growing race or ethnicity in the United States. Alliant’s Dr. Michi Fu unpacks unique challenges and strategies to support Asian Americans in schools, the workplace, and beyond. Happy Asian American/Pacific Islander Heritage Month!
ДОГОВОР ОБ УСТАНОВЛЕНИИ СЕРВИТУТА ПО ПРАВУ РОССИИ И ВЬЕТНАМА
Authors: Нгуен Тхи Хоан
Published: April 2023

В статье исследуется правовая природа договора об установлении сервитута в рамках основных положений действующего законодательства России и Вьетнама, а также предложенных поправок в законопроект № 47538-6 о внесении изменений в Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации (далее – Законопроект). В результате проведенного анализа сделан вывод о том, что договор об установлении сервитута представляет собой самостоятельный гражданско-правовой нормативный акт, приводящий к возникновению не только вещных, но и обязательственных прав. На основе доказанной правовой природы данного договора дается краткий анализ его конститутивных признаков, существенных условий, а также прав и обязанностей сторон. Разработаны конкретные предложения по совершенствованию основных положений, касающихся рассматриваемого договора в законодательстве России и Вьетнама.
АСЕАН: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ
Authors: Денисенко Виктория Анатольевна
Published: April 2023

Ассоциация государств Юго-Восточной Азии считается одним из наиболее устойчивых региональных объединений мира. В то же время вопрос об эффективности организации остается предметом оживленных дискуссий – во многом вследствие теоретического плюрализма, присущего региональным исследованиям. Однако вариативность результатов оценки успешности АСЕАН и других региональных объединений может быть обусловлена также отсутствием универсального методического подхода к решению данной задачи. В настоящей работе рассматриваются основные подходы к оценке эффективности АСЕАН; анализируется деятельность объединения по традиционным показателям экономической взаимозависимости; также автор указывает на неэкономические критерии оценки. Для анализа используются как количественные индикаторы официальной статистики, так и индексы, рейтинги; автор отмечает недостатки и достоинства подобных способов оценки. Востребованность исследования диктуется необходимостью совершенствования методического инструментария оценки эффективности региональной   организации, возрастающими требованиями к АСЕАН как интеграционному объединению. Отталкиваясь от работ российских и зарубежных исследователей, автор подчеркивает, что в современных условиях европейский опыт не может быть единственным критерием качества интеграции; ориентация при анализе неэкономических характеристик АСЕАН исключительно на мерки западных стран может привести к искажению представления об успешности ассоциации. В силу своей специфики интеграционные объединения достаточно неоднородны; вследствие этого при измерении эффективности региональных организаций возможно использование различных теоретических и методических подходов, – подобное многообразие способствует повышению объективности оценки.
ПОНЯТИЕ И ПРИЗНАКИ УГОЛОВНО-ПРАВОВОГО СУБИНСТИТУТА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СООТНОШЕНИЯ ИНСТИТУТА И СУБИНСТИТУТА ПРАВА
Authors: Усенко Сергей Павлович
Published: April 2023

Устоявшееся понимание субинститута уголовного права как элемента структуры уголовно-правового института требует дополнительной проверки с точки зрения анализа логического соотношения этих понятий. Именно оно позволяет уточнить признаки субинститута права и на их основе сформулировать операциональное определение искомого явления. В работе на основе анализа соотношения субинститута и института с позиций логических категорий вид и род, часть и целое, особенное и общее выявлены признаки субинститута уголовного права и предложена его дефиниция в качестве элемента структуры института уголовного права, который образован одним или несколькими однопорядковыми нормативными предписаниями, предлагающими, в зависимости от видовой специфики юридического факта, породившего уголовно-правовые отношения, интегрирующий или дифференцирующий режим правового регулирования этих отношений в пределах задач и принципов, заданных институтом уголовного права, в целях обеспечения стабилизирующей и адаптивной функций уголовного права.
ТРИ ИПОСТАСИ В. М. ЧХИКВАДЗЕ
Authors: Чучаев Александр Иванович
Published: April 2023

В очерке представлен доктор юридических наук, профессор, членкорреспондент АН СССР В. М. Чхиквадзе, 110-летие со дня рождения которого научная общественность отметила в прошлом году. Показан его путь в науку, дана характеристика творческого наследия по военно-уголовному праву и теории прав человека, рассказывается о деятельности в качестве организатора образования и науки (начальника Военно-юридической академии, директора Института государства АН СССР), а также о государственной и общественной деятельности, в том числе в ООН и Всемирном совете мира (ВСМ).
КОНКУРЕНТНАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ В СФЕРЕ ФИНАНСОВЫХ ИНТЕРНЕТ-ПЛАТФОРМ И ЕЁ ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ В КИТАЕ
Authors: Ван Гуанлун
Published: April 2023

Экономические характеристики финансовой онлайн-платформы позволяют легко сформировать монополию, что оказывает влияние на здоровое развитие цифровой экономики разных стран мира, в том числе и Китая. Настоящее исследование направлено на анализ состояния развития финансовых интернет-платформ, а также текущей ситуации с антимонопольным регулированием в этой сфере в Китае путем сбора соответствующей информации о цифровых финансовых платформах страны и обсуждения факторов, стоящих за этим, чтобы изучить и оценить рациональный путь антимонопольного регулирования в сфере платформенной экономики. Представляется, что в последние годы в Китае появились такие развивающися финансовые интернет-платформы, как сторонние платежи; P2P-платформа; онлайн-микрофинансовая компания; краудфандинговая платформа и т. д. Среди них конкуренция в основном существует между традиционными финансовыми организациями (банками) и сторонними платежными онлайн-платформами. В целях эффективной защиты добросовестной конкуренции между финансовыми платформами требуется своевременное совершенствование национального антимонопольного законодательства.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПОТРЕБНОСТИ В КУРОРТНОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ И ОЗДОРОВЛЕНИИ У ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ГРУПП НАСЕЛЕНИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОТДЫХАЮЩИХ НА КУРОРТАХ ГОРЯЧИНСК И АРШАН)
Authors: Будаева Светлана Батоевна
Published: April 2023

Природные лечебные ресурсы определяют развитие курортной индустрии, которая, в свою очередь, не может существовать в отрыве от туризма. В Бурятии действуют два крупных курорта «Горячинск» и «Аршан», предлагающие разнообразные курортные и рекреационные услуги, пользующиеся спросом у отдыхающих. Изучены потребности приезжающих граждан в курортном лечении и оздоровлении. Показано, что большинство респондентов посещают курорты каждый год, средняя продолжительность отдыха на курортах Горячинск и Аршан 2–3 дня. Установлено, что основной целью посещения курортов у большинства людей трудоспособного возраста и для пенсионеров является потребность в лечении.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА РАЗВИТЫХ ГОСУДАРСТВ: ОБЩЕЕ И РАЗЛИЧИЕ
Authors: Панова Елена Васильевна
Published: April 2023

В статье рассматриваются особенности формирования экологической политики развитых государств. Исследуются законодательные акты и стратегические документы, особенности взаимодействия и роль ключевых субъектов данного процесса. Оценивается влияние процессов глобализации и международных отношений на формирование экологической политики отдельных государств. Сделан вывод о том, что в экологической политике развитых стран заметное место занимают климатическая повестка и интересы конкретных групп влияния. Наравне с глобализацией они оказывают значительное воздействие на формирование государственных стратегий и достижение поставленных целей. Происходящие негативные тенденции в мировой экономике только ускоряют реализацию ими климатических программ и формируют новые экологические стандарты.
Determinants of Poverty in Malawi: Evidence from the Fifth Integrated Household Survey 2019
Authors:   The Korean Agricultural Economics Association, Oh Hyunju , Kim Taeyoon
Published: April 2023

This study uses the 2019 Malawi Fifth Integrated Household Survey with 2,688 data to determine poverty factors in Malawi. Households’ subjective assessment of poverty having six levels is used with an ordered-probit model since it can easily catch deprivation in various aspects of people’s lives and complement the income-based poverty measurement for farmers in developing countries. Furthermore, consumption poverty using the annual per capita consumption value is compared with subjective poverty with a multinomial logit model. A partial proportional odds model is used as it rejects the parallel lines assumption. The overall results indicate that subjective and consumption poverty determinants overlap. But subjective poverty is more associated with household assets, natural disasters, aid, financial inclusion, food security, marital status, and education level than consumption poverty in Malawi. Policy support for continuing and developing subsidy programs for food, agricultural input, and life convenience is suggested since ongoing programs equally treat a variety of households and increase possibilities to escape both subjective and consumption poverty. Also, a rural extension program that provides asset management education is expected to draw overall welfare for vulnerable households. Finally, female welfare should be improved by reducing the wage gap and diversifying its welfare programs to improve the social perception of female labor.
Negociaciones de paz en Colombia para las décadas 80 y 90
Authors: Camelo Sandoval Hugo Hernán , Gutiérrez Navarro Gustavo J. , Muñoz Aguirre Robinson
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de realizar una cronología de los procesos de paz que se llevaron a cabo en Colombia hacia finales de la década de los 80 e inicios de los 90 del siglo XX. En tal sentido, se abordan los orígenes, protagonistas y contextos históricos de las negociaciones entre el Gobierno nacional y el Movimiento Alianza Democrática (M-19), Partido Revolucionario de Trabajadores (PRT), Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL), Movimiento Indígena Armado Quinten Lame (MAQL), y la Autodefensa Obrera (ADO). Se ponen de manifiesto los esfuerzos y cambios a favor de los diálogos y apertura hacia la paz que impulsaron tanto el presidente Barco a través de su lema: “Mano tendida y pulso firme" y el presidente Gaviria con su lema: “Negociación y estrategia", que condujeron a la desmovilización, dejación de armas, disolución, participación en la vida política y en la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente de 1991 de estos grupos subversivos. En síntesis, entre el Gobierno nacional y las guerrillas citadas, se logró la firma de acuerdos finales de paz, y con ello, apaciguar en algo, la violencia y mejorar la favorabilidad política, en una época de gran crisis para el país.
La Fuerza Aérea Colombiana (FAC) y una nueva frontera para el país
Authors: Rueda Rueda Ramsés
Published: April 2023

El espacio, como nueva frontera, presenta múltiples oportunidades en diferentes sectores propios de la proyección del poder del Estado. En Colombia , este esfuerzo de construcción de capacidades se encuentra liderado por la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana (FAC), siendo parte integral de su misión y visión . El presente artículo tiene como  objetivo exponer los beneficios de este sector tanto para la Institución como para el país, desde una perspectiva neorrealista de las relaciones internacionales, teniendo como eje analítico dos variables : 1. Los avances espaciales impulsados por la FAC y su visión a 2042; y 2. La cooperación espacial de la FAC y la relevancia geopolítica del espacio en el continente . Por último, se mostrará una serie de conclusiones que establecen las áreas transversales impactadas positivamente por el desarrollo espacial, al igual que en el campo de la Seguridad y Defensa.
Geopolítica del narcotráfico y medio ambiente en Colombia
Authors: Ubaque Bernal Juan Camilo
Published: April 2023

En Colombia de 2010 a la fecha se han deforestado más de un millón de hectáreas de bosques, una gran parte para la siembra de cultivos ilícitos. De seguir ese ritmo, en 20 años se habrá destruido la totalidad de los bosques de las zonas de manejo especial, la cual tiene el 42 %de la coca localizada en zonas de reserva forestal, el mayor porcentaje en los últimos 17 años (UNODC, 2020). Esto denota una alarmante situación para la Seguridad y Defensa que acarrea principalmente el medio ambiente.
COVID-19 en la Amazonía peruana: reflexión estratégica en seguridad multidimensional
Authors: San Martín Hugo T. , Casas Angélica M.
Published: April 2023

Este artículo es un análisis interpretativo crítico de la gestión en seguridad durante el periodo 2014-2015 de la Municipalidad provincial de Maynas ubicada en la ciudad de Iquitos, capital del departamento de Loreto en Perú, y que generó en el mediano plazo, sensibles condiciones de vulnerabilidad en seguridad humana facilitando en 2020 el impacto mortífero de la pan demia Covid-19. Ello, debido a la imprevisión y carencia de conocimiento normativo y de instrumentos técnicos de gestión pública relativos a la Seguridad Nacional en el contexto de la seguridad multidimensional, así como al minimizar la importancia de formular metodológicamente acciones en seguridad humana complementarios a su Plan local de desarrollo concertado 2013- 2021 (Pldc 2013-2021). Se resalta la importancia de Iquitos por ser un eje estratégico y geoeconómico donde se articulan los sistemas funcionales gubernamentales con los actores sociales nacionales y extranjeros, involucrados en el desarrollo con seguridad de la Amazonia peruana.
Responsabilidad social compartida para la construcción de cultura de paz: un enfoque multidimensional
Authors: Galeano Freddy
Published: April 2023

En septiembre de 2016, cuando el Gobierno colombiano firmó un pacto de paz con Farc-EP, la esperanza se cifraba en que el hecho constituyera un paso importante para que el país suramericano terminara con un ciclo de violencia de los muchos que ha vivido; no obstante, hoy la incertidumbre hace que la nación pareciera atrapada en un agujero negro que consume y destruye todo propósito de encontrar escena rios pacíficos que promuevan la cohesión comunitaria y el equi librio social.Para poder transformar esta realidad social es necesario comprenderla desde un prisma multidimensional que se sustente en la Responsabilidad Social Compartida de manera que se logre organizar un conjunto de herramientas conceptuales y prácticas que permitan explorar la realidad social de una manera más objetiva, integral e inclusiva posible; lo anterior para crear modelos de conexión social y lograr intervenir, apoyar y transformar aquellas comunidades que requieren de atención a fm de derivar los cambios necesarios encaminados a generar dinámicas de progreso, inclusión, justicia y sentido de pertenencia.
La defensa nacional del Estado salvadoreño, una aproximación académica
Authors: Guerrero Mulato Jaime Enrique
Published: April 2023

El abordaje de los conceptos de Seguridad Nacional y Defensa Nacional, se vuelven relevantes en los tiempos actuales, debido a que existe una interpretación inexacta en torno a los mismos, causada por el desconocimiento académico a la aplicabilidad de los conceptos; en el presente artículo se pretende realizar una aproximación académica a dichos temas desde la reflexión del Colegio de Altos Estudios Estratégicos (CAEE), permitiendo que el lector pueda tener nociones que le accedan a incrementar su conocimiento sobre Seguridad y Defensa Nacional del caso del Estado salvadoreño.