bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Accuracy Honing of Poligon Surfaces of Bores
Authors: Szabó Ottó
Published: October 2013

In the last decade polygon joints and their manufacturing equipment were introduced. The finishing of external polygon surfaces has been solved, as well as that of internal surfaces of materials of low hardness (HRC < 45). Finishing and microfinishing of hardened bores (HRC > 45) shows well-known difficulties. The author presents the results of his research performed in this field, the development of a new finishing (honing, quasi honing, microfinishing) process and a tool family.
Development of Cutting Technology in Strong Alkaline Water
Authors: Tanabe Ikuo , Soe Ye Htut , Iyama Tetsuro , Shibuyta Mitsuaki
Published: October 2013

Recently titanium and nickel alloys have become eminent for making aeronautic and astronautic parts. Since both titanium and nickel alloys have very low thermal conductivity, the tool will be suffered from a huge damage by the generated heat during machining process. It is required for a durable tool with excellent cooling capacity. Therefore, in this research, cutting technology in strong alkaline water for machining of titanium and nickel alloys was developed and evaluated. Before cutting experiment, the corrosion resistance for titanium alloy and other materials were investigated. Then this cutting process was performed for evaluation in the vessel with strong alkaline water. The assayed materials were mainly Ti6Al4V. The cutting conditions were investigated in experiments. It is concluded from the results that; (1) The cooling capacity using strong alkaline water is very effective to maintain the cutting potential of tool, (2) The new tool is effective for high speed cutting of titanium alloys and nickel (3) The new tool and compulsory cooling system are economical and eco-friendly.
Effect of Load Energy on the Form of the Gap at Waterjet Cutting
Authors: Maros Zsolt
Published: October 2013

Accuracy of abrasive waterjet cutting mainly depends on the form of cutting gap. It is very difficult to keep in hand the taper of the gap and produce almost parallel cut surfaces. There are a lot of parameters having effect on the gap. Results of a complex investigation have not been published in the literature. Taper can change at different materials and depends on the applied technological parameters (feed rate, pressure, abrasive flow rate etc.). Some results of research work carried out on AlMgSi0.5 alloy related to the taper of the cutting gap are explained in this paper, mainly from point of view of the load energy which effect to the surface of the workpiece during abrasive waterjet cutting.
Is there a Limit to Nanoscale Mechanical Machining?
Authors: Oluwajobi Akinjide O. , Chen Xun
Published: October 2013

The Moores law which predicts that the number of transistors which can be integrated on the computer chip will double every 24 months and which has been the guiding principle for the advancement of the computer industry, is gradually reaching its limit. This is due to the limitations imposed by the laws of physics. Similarly, in the machining sector, Taniguchi predicted an increasing achievable machining precision as a function of time in the 1980s and this prediction is still on course. The question also is, is there a limit to machining and to material removal processes; and how far can this prediction be sustained? In this paper, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to investigate this limit in the nanomachining of a copper workpiece with a diamond tool. The variation of the depth of cut used was from 0.01nm to 0.5nm. The Embedded Atom Method (EAM) potential was used for the copper-copper interactions in the workpiece; the Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential was used for the copper-carbon (workpiece-tool interface) interactions and the tool (carbon-carbon interactions) was modelled as deformable by using the Tersoff potential. It was observed from the simulation results that no material removal occurred between 0.01nm 0.25nm depth. At the depth of cut of 0.3nm, a layer of atoms appears to be removed or ploughed through by the tool. At a depth of cut less than 0.3nm, the other only phenomenon observed was the squeezing of the atom. The 0.3nm depth of cut is around the diameter of the workpiece-copper atom. So, it may be suggested that the limit of machining may be the removal of the atom of the workpiece.
Cutting Tool Life in Machining at Various Speeds
Authors: Pálmay Zoltán
Published: October 2013

Cutting tool life is usually described by means of the well-known Taylor formula, which originally specifies tool life as a function of cutting speed. That cutting is performed with the same tool at various successive speeds, thereby rendering the Taylor formula is unusable, which is a common problem. In the case of periodically changing cutting speeds it can be verified both theoretically and through experiments that equation Σ∆ti/Ti≈1 is valid. The generalised form of the Taylor formula, which can also be applied for cutting at periodically changing speeds, could be derived from this equation. If cutting is performed at various speeds, an equivalent speed and a corresponding tool life, which can also be handled by means of the traditional Taylor formula, may be specified.
Improving the HSC Linear Motor Milling Machine Contouring Accuracy
Authors: Pandilov Zoran , Dukovski Vladimir
Published: October 2013

In recent years, instrumentation circular profile tests have been specified to assess the contouring accuracy of CNC machine tools. Such an instrumentation type test is the HEIDENHAIN grid encoder system, which is particularly appropriate for dynamic measurements, especially at high feed rates. In this paper influence of the position loop gain and sampling period on the contouring accuracy are effectively studied.
Trends in Precision Manufacturing Based on Intelligent Design and Advanced Metrology
Authors: Durakbasa M. Numan , Bas Gokcen , Bauer Jorge Martin , Poszvek Günther
Published: October 2013

ts of extreme importance in present time of worldwide international competition in industry and production engineering to safe time on the one hand and on the other keep an eye on increasingly higher costs of energy and raw materials. Comprehensive knowledge in the areas of market requirements, product and process development and design, intelligent metrology and end of life management are important presuppositions to achieve rapid, agile, waste free and cost-effective production of innovative, customized complex products using next-generation materials as well as to protect the environment by making zero emissions and improve environmental sustainability and reduce the use of energy by using intelligent manufacturing systems.
Flexible Manufacturing System for Drawingless Manufacturing
Authors: Košťál Peter , Sobrino Daynier Rolando Delgado
Published: October 2013

Flexible Manufacturing Systems provide a fast reaction possibility to the changes in production conditions. As production conditions change, other changes in the final product like changes of the product variants, or other unpredictable events may be also expected. For achieving a quick responsibility of production, it is necessary to leave the traditional form of production process planning. Nowadays most of the products are designed by using the CAx software. The product design 3D model contains not only the geometrical data of product, but may contain a part of the process plan and technological data as well.
On the Development of Machine Controller Systems with Enhanced Facility for Process Monitoring Integration
Authors: Morgan Michael , Moruzzi John J. , Allanson David R. , Chen Xun
Published: October 2013

This paper reports on the progress achieved with the specification and development of a flexible, innovative open-architecture grinding machine control system. The aim is to unify the design and implementation of key machine tool features such as hardware configuration parameters, operational parameters, process variables and machining cycles into a rationalized, extendable, object-oriented framework. The application is PC/Windows based and developed in Visual Studio .NET software. The control design is extendable to surface as well as cylindrical grinding operations and cycles. It was intended from the outset to allow simpler integration of 3rd party sensor-based process monitoring equipment to facilitate optimised machining, including Adaptive or Intelligent control techniques. These peripheral devices from different suppliers must be analysed and classified depending on specific functionality, and a common programming and operating interface presented to the developer and user. Other device types on the machine such as operator panels and motion /axis control hardware have been identified and incorporated. An Open Device Interface (ODI) framework is proposed and defined: the development of this generic software structure and associated libraries masks specific underlying details of a devices implementation and allows simpler incorporation of additional features to the machine. The requirements for the transmission, handling, display and logging of process data is presented, and the successful demonstration of the new system on a universal grinding machine with sample peripheral devices is reported. The applicability of the Open Device Interface structure to other generalised control devices and monitoring applications is also discussed.
Sensitivity Analysis of Road Transport by Sensibility of Production-Function
Authors: Illés Béla , Németh János
Published: October 2013

There are several methods and equations which are used to evaluate the efficiency of the service vehicle fleet of logistic. The aim of this paper is to introduce a well handle method. The base of this method is the production function and it can define the influence of the parameters. The CP (ceteris paribus) method is used by the examinations. At first we take consideration to the non changed parameters are in the examined range by the examination of the multi parameter production function. The parameter sensitivity analysis is guided back to elasticity analysis where the effects of changes of the ratio of influence is examined to the influential ratios.
Development of Technological Means for Formation of Multilayer Composite Coatings, Providing Increased Resistance of Carbide Tools, for Different Machining Conditions
Authors: Tabakov Vladimir P. , Vereschaka A.S.
Published: October 2013

The present work documents the results of development a methodological and technological means for the formation of multilayer composite coatings essential to increasing the tool life of a cemented carbide cutting tool edge. A methodology, based on of a rational choice of structure, architecture, and properties of a multilayer coating for tool edge working in various cutting conditions, is formulated. The results demonstrate an increase of efficiency of the carbide tool edge life based on the methodology stated above, and are presented here.
Electronic Properties of Boron and Nitrogen Doped Graphene
Authors: Seenithurai Sonai , Pandyan Ramalingam Kodi , Kumar Shanmugam Vinodh , Mahendran Manickam
Published: October 2013

Graphene is the thinnest 2-D material which can be regarded as a single layer of graphite. The unique electrical, mechanical and optical properties of graphene can be used in many technological applications. 2-D nanomaterials with semiconducting properties are of great interest since they can be applied in electronics industry. Pure graphene is a zerogap semiconductor or semimetal, since the electron states just cross the Fermi energy. However, the electronic properties of graphene can be tuned by doping boron or nitrogen atoms. Understanding the electronic properties in terms of density of states and band structure of doped graphene is of great relevance today. In our work, we have analyzed the electronic properties of boron and nitrogen doped graphene using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The stability and charge analysis of doped structures have been studied. The Local Density Approximation (LDA) calculations have been used to find the total energies of the structures. In addition to the electronics industry, doped graphene also has great potential to adsorb gas molecules. Therefore, we have analyzed the H2 molecule adsorption in pure, B-doped and N-doped graphene.
Infrared Defect Dynamics of Irradiation Induced Complexes in CZ Silicon - C-Rich Case
Authors: Inoue N. , Goto Y. , Sugiyama T. , Seki H. , Watanabe K. , Kawamura Y.
Published: October 2013

Irradiation induced complexes of C-rich case in silicon crystal were examined by the highly sensitive and accurate infrared absorption spectroscopy. Low impurity concentration and high quality crystal was used and low dose was employed to make the reaction simple. Almost all possible absorption lines were revealed and their absorbance determined. The conversion coefficient from absorbance to the complex concentration was estimated by the plausible assumptions. The reaction was discussed in terms of concentration rather than absorbance. Intra-group reaction, chain reaction of successive addition of oxygen or self-interstitial, reaction yield and competition between the parallel reactions were described.
Positron Probing of Vacancy Volume of Thermally Stable Deep Donors Produced with 15 MeV Protons in n-FZ-Si:P Crystals
Authors: Arutyunov Nikolai Yu. , Elsayed Mohamed , Krause-Rehberg Reinhard , Kessler C , Emtsev Valentin V. , Oganesyan Gagik A. , Kozlovski Vitalii V.
Published: October 2013

The free volume of the thermally stable vacancy center in n-FZ-Si:P has been probed by positrons. The defects were produced with 15 MeV protons, and then the irradiated material was subjected to the isochronal annealing. The positron lifetime has been determined over the temperature range ~ 30 K – 300 K; the samples-satellites have been characterized by Hall effect measurements. The microstructure of the center involves, at least, one atom of phosphorus and it manifests itself as a deep donor. The center is singly negatively charged and the cascade phonon-assisted trapping of positron proceeds over the length characteristic of the point defect, l0 ~3.62 a. u. Obeying ~ T –3 law, the positron trapping cross section ranges 3∙10–12 cm2 (66K) to 2.5∙10–14 cm2 (266 K). The positron lifetimes ranging from ~240 ps to ~280 ps suggest that the atomic relaxation is directed inward towards the free volume of the deep donor involving, at least, two vacancies.
Radiation Damage of Carrier Lifetime and Conductivity in Sn and Pb Doped n-Si
Authors: Kras'ko Mykola , Kraitchinskii Anatolii , Kolosiuk Andrii , Voitovych Vasyl , Rudenko Roman , Povarchuk Vasyl
Published: October 2013

The impact of Sn on the degradation of the nonequilibrium charge carriers lifetime (τ) and the change of free electrons concentration (n) in γ- or electron irradiated Czochralski (Cz) n-Si has been studied. It is shown that in some cases the low-resistivity Sn doped n-Si (n-Si:Sn) can be considered as a material with enhancement radiation tolerance. In this material the lifetime damage factor (kτ) is in several times smaller compared to undoped n-Si while the conductivity damage factor (kn) is close in both materials. We also compared the impact of Sn, Pb and Sn+Pb. It is found that the radiation damage of the carrier lifetime and the conductivity in n-Si:Pb is slightly smaller than in undoped n-Si and in n-Si:Sn+Pb is the same as in n-Si:Sn.
Electric Field Effect Surface Passivation for Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Bonilla Ruy S. , Reichel Christian , Hermle Martin , Wilshaw Peter R.
Published: October 2013

Effective reduction of front surface carrier recombination is essential for high efficiency silicon solar cells. Dielectric films are normally used to achieve such reduction. They provide a) an efficient passivation of surface recombination and b) an effective anti-reflection layer. The conditions that produce an effective anti-reflection coating are not necessarily the same for efficient passivation, hence both functions are difficult to achieve simultaneously and expensive processing steps are normally required. This can be overcome by enhancing the passivation properties of an anti-reflective film using the electric field effect. Here, we demonstrate that thermally grown silicon dioxide is an efficient passivation layer when chemically treated and electrically charged, and it is stable over a period of ten months. Double layers of SiO2 and SiN also provided stable and efficient passivation for a period of a year when the sample is submitted to a post-charge anneal. Surface recombination velocity upper limits of 9 cm/s and 19 cm/s were inferred for single and double layers respectively on n-type, 5 Ωcm, Cz-Si.
Reduction of Structural Defects in Ge Epitaxially Grown on Nano-Structured Si Islands on SOI Substrate
Authors: Zaumseil Peter , Yamamoto Yuji , Schubert Markus Andreas , Schroeder Thomas , Tillack Bernd
Published: October 2013

One way to further increase performance and/or functionality of Si micro-and nanoelectronics is the integration of alternative semiconductors on silicon (Si). We studied the Ge/Si heterosystem with the aim to realize a Ge deposition free of misfit dislocations and with low content of other structural defects. Ge nanostructures were selectively grown by chemical vapor deposition on periodic Si nanoislands (dots and lines) on SOI substrate either directly or with a thin (about 10 nm) SiGe buffer layer. The strain state of the structures was measured by different laboratory-based x-ray diffraction techniques. It was found that a suited SiGe buffer improves the compliance of the Si compared to direct Ge deposition; plastic relaxation during growth can be prevented, and fully elastic relaxation of the structure can be achieved. Transmission electron microscopy confirms that the epitaxial growth of Ge on nanostructured Si is free of misfit dislocations.
Production and Annealing of Defects in Proton-Irradiated n-Ge
Authors: Emtsev Vadim V. , Oganesyan Gagik A. , Abrosimov Nikolay V. , Kozlovski Vitalii V.
Published: October 2013

The damaging factor of 15 MeV proton irradiation of n-Ge is investigated. The protons during irradiation went through thin samples and in this way effects of passivation are out of the scope of the report. As a result of irradiation, considerable losses of shallow donor states of group-V impurity atoms are observed. The removal rate of shallow donor states due to interactions of impurity atoms with intrinsic defects is found to be about 215 cm-1. Most of the defects produced are electrically neutral in n-type material. The role of radiation-produced acceptors is of minor importance. The main stage of isochronal annealing is occurred over a temperature interval of T=250° to 400°C. After that point the electrical parameters are completely recovered. A model of generation processes of intrinsic defects under the proton irradiation is discussed.
Synthesis and Light Absorption Mechanism in Si or Ge Nanoclusters for Photovoltaics Applications
Authors: Mirabella Salvo , Cosentino Salvo , Terrasi Antonio
Published: October 2013

Photon absorption in the solar energy range has been investigated in semiconductor nanostructures. Different synthesis techniques (magnetron sputtering, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, ion implantation) followed by thermal annealing, have been employed to fabricate Si or Ge nanoclusters (1-25 nm in size) embedded in SiO2 or Si3N4 matrices. The thermal evolution in the formation of Si nanoclusters (NCs) in SiO2 was shown to depend on the synthesis technique and to significantly affect the light absorption. Experimentally measured values of optical bandgap (EgOPT) in Si NCs evidence the quantum confinement effect which significantly increases the value of EgOPT in comparison to bulk Si. EgOPT spans over a large range (1.6-2.6 eV) depending on the Si content, on the deposition technique and, in a most significant way, on the structural phase of NC. Amorphous Si NCs have a lower EgOPT in comparison to crystalline ones. The matrix effect on the synthesis and light absorption in semiconductor NCs was investigated for Ge NCs. Large difference in the Ge NCs synthesis occurred when using SiO2 or Si3N4 matrices, essentially due to a much lower Ge diffusivity in the latter, which slows down the formation and growth of Ge NCs in comparison to silica matrix. Light absorption in NCs is also shown to be largely affected by the host matrix. Actually, Ge NCs embedded in Si3N4 material absorb photons in the solar energy range with a higher efficiency than in silica, due to the different confinement effect. In fact, Si3N4 host offers a lower potential barrier to photogenerated carriers in comparison to silica, thus a lower confinement effect is expected, leading to slightly smaller optical bandgap. These effects have been presented and discussed for potential application in light harvesting purposes.
Characterisation of Dislocation-Content in Multicrystalline-Silicon Wafers
Authors: Ghaderi Ali , Senkader Semih
Published: October 2013

A major performance limiting factor of multicrystalline silicon wafers is structural defects, mainly dislocations, reducing solar cell efficiency. Dislocations are formed during crystallisation process. Characterization of dislocation-content is necessary both to optimise the crystallisation and to eliminate bad wafers before cell processing. We developed two techniques to characterise dislocations: conventional etch-pit counting modified for full size wafers using a new etch-recipe and a novel etch-pit counting algorithm. Secondly we developed a technique to estimate the dislocation content directly from photoluminescence images of as-cut wafers.
IgG4-related diseases - a new look in rheumatology
Authors: Grygiel-Górniak Bogna , Puszczewicz Mariusz
Published: October 2013

Choroby IgG4-zależne charakteryzują się obecnością plazmatycznych IgG4-dodatnich nacieków tkankowych oraz rozległego lub ogniskowego włóknienia. W większości przypadków w surowicy stwierdza się zwiększone stężenie IgG4. Z czasem trwania choroby dochodzi do zajęcia kolejnych narządów, dlatego wysokie poziomy IgG i IgG4 skłaniają do systematycznych badań kontrolnych celem zapobiegania dysfunkcji wielonarządowej. Konieczna jest diagnostyka obejmująca badania obrazowe (radiologiczne, ultrasonograficzne, tomograficzne), oznaczenie stężenia IgG4 w surowicy oraz parametrów laboratoryjnych typowych dla dysfunkcji danego narządu (zwykle niezbędna jest ocena funkcji trzustki, tarczycy i wątroby). Stosunkowo mało specyficzne jest izolowane nacieczenie plazmocytami IgG4+ lub podwyższony stosunek IgG4/IgG. Dlatego też do rozpoznania chorób IgG4-zależnych niezbędne jest współwystępowanie zmian histopatologicznych z obecnością nacieków z komórek plazmatycznych IgG4--dodatnich, zwiększenie stężenia IgG4 w surowicy oraz organomegalia przebiegająca z postępującą dysfunkcją narządową. Glikokortykosteroidy są skuteczne w większości przypadków (przynajmniej w pierwszym stadium leczenia), ale nawroty choroby są częste. W literaturze podkreśla się również skuteczność terapii biologicznej stosowanej jako leczenie drugiego rzutu.
Modern rehabilitation development in inflammatory movement diseases
Authors: Pacholec Anna , Księżopolska-Orłowska Krystyna , Jędryka-Góral Anna , Bugajska Joanna , Kowalik Katarzyna , Sadura-Sieklucka Teresa , Pawłowska-Cyprysiak Karolina , Łastowiecka-Moras Elżbieta
Published: October 2013

U każdego pacjenta z chorobami reumatycznymi kompleksowa rehabilitacja jest jednym z najważniejszych sposobów przywrócenia funkcji i poprawy stanu zdrowia. Połączenie kinezyterapii, szczególnie indywidualnej, z różnymi metodami fizykoterapii (np. ultradźwiękami, krioterapią, laserem, elektroterapią) pozwala na uzyskanie korzystnych efektów leczenia. Chorym na reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów i zesztywniające zapalenie stawów kręgosłupa proponowany jest indywidualny program usprawniania, co jest uwarunkowane zróżnicowanym stopniem zaawansowania choroby i jej aktywności oraz czynnikami środowiskowymi i socjalnymi.

W artykule omówiono aktualne zasady postępowania rehabilitacyjnego w leczeniu zesztywniającego zapalenia stawów kręgosłupa i reumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów.
Net ecosystem CO2 exchange measurements by the closed chamber method and the eddy covariance technique and their dependence on atmospheric conditions – a case study
Authors: Riederer M. , Serafimovich A. , Foken T.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Carbon dioxide flux measurements in ecosystem sciences are mostly conducted by eddy covariance technique or the closed chamber method. Also some comparisons have been performed. But there is a lack of detailed assessment of present differences and uncertainties. To determine underlying processes, a ten-day, side-by-side measurement of the net ecosystem exchange with both techniques was evaluated with regard to various atmospheric conditions during the diurnal cycle. It was found that, depending on the particular atmospheric condition, the chamber carbon dioxide flux was either: (i) equal to the carbon dioxide flux measured by the reference method eddy covariance, by day with well developed atmospheric turbulence, (ii) higher, in the afternoon in times of oasis effect, (iii) lower, predominantly at night while large coherent structure fluxes or high wind velocities prevailed, or, (iv) showed less variation in the flux pattern, at night while stable stratification was present. Due to lower chamber carbon dioxide fluxes at night, when respiration forms the net ecosystem exchange, and higher chamber carbon dioxide fluxes in the afternoon, when the ecosystem is still a net carbon sink, there are two complementary aspects resulting in an overestimation of the ecosystem sink capacity by the chamber of 40% in this study.
Satellite-based analysis of recent trends in the ecohydrology of a semi-arid region
Authors: Gokmen M. , Vekerdy Z. , Verhoef W. , Batelaan O.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. We present a regional framework for an integrated and spatiotemporally distributed assessment of human-induced trends in the hydrology and the associated ecological health of a semi-arid basin where both human activities (i.e. agriculture) and natural ecosystems are highly groundwater dependent. To achieve this, we analysed the recent trends (from year 2000 to 2010) in precipitation, evapotranspiration (actual and potential) and vegetation greenness (i.e. NDVI) using a combination of satellite and ground-based observations. The trend assessment was applied for the semi-arid Konya Basin (Turkey), one of the largest endorheic basins in the world. The results revealed a consistent increasing trend of both yearly evapotranspiration (totally 63 MCM yr−1 from croplands) and mean NDVI (about 0.004 NDVI yr−1 in irrigated croplands), especially concentrating in the plain part of the basin, while no significant trends were observed for the precipitation and potential evapotranspiration variables. On the contrary, a consistent decreasing trend of both yearly evapotranspiration (totally −2.1 MCM yr−1) and mean NDVI (−0.001 NDVI yr−1) was observed in the wetlands, which also cannot be explained by trends in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The emerging picture suggest that the greening trend of the vegetation and increasing of evapotranspiration in the plain are related to land cover changes (i.e. conversion into irrigated croplands) and to the intensification of the supplementary irrigation for agriculture, which in turn caused drying out of some wetlands and the natural vegetation which mostly depend on the groundwater, the main source of irrigation water as well. Our study presented an example of the utility of spatially and temporally continuous RS data in assessing the regional trends in hydrological and ecological variables and their interactions in a spatially distributed manner in a semi-arid region, which can also be adapted to other regions. Such spatiotemporally distributed analysis at the basin level is particularly important considering that most of the water management interventions also take place at this scale.
Realtime Image Matching for Vision Based Car Navigation with Built-in Sensory Data
Authors: Choi K. , Tanathong S. , Kim H. , Lee I.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Recently, a car employs various built-in sensors such as a speedometer, odometer, accelerometer and angular rate sensor for safety and maintenance. These sensory data can be provided in real time through a CAN (Controller Area Network) bus. In addition, image sequences can be provided from various cameras mounted to the car, such as built-in front and around view monitoring cameras. We thus propose an image based car navigation framework to determine car position and attitude using the built-in sensory data such as a speed, angular rate and images from a front view camera. First, we determine the two-dimensional position and attitude of a car using the velocity and angular rate provided in real-time through the CAN bus. We then estimate the three-dimensional position and attitude by conducting sequential bundle block adjustment using the two-dimensional position and attitude and tie points between image sequences. The sequential bundle adjustment can produce accurate results comparable to those from the conventional simultaneous bundle adjustment in real time. As the input to this process, it needs reliable tie points between adjacent images acquired from a real-time image matching process. Hence, we develop an image matching process based on the enhanced KLT algorithm using preliminary exterior orientation parameters. We also construct a test system that can acquire and store built-in sensory data and front camera images at the same time, and conduct experiments with the real data acquired by the system. The experimental results show that the proposed image matching process can generate accurate tie-points with about 0.2 second in average at each epoch. It can successfully meet the requirements from real-time bundle adjustment for image based car navigation.
Updating land cover databases using a single very high resolution satellite image
Authors: Gressin A. , Mallet C. , Vincent N. , Paparoditis N.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Image change detection has been extensively tackled in the literature in various domains, and in particular for remote sensing purposes. Indeed, very high resolution geospatial images are nowadays ubiquitous and can be used to update existing 2D and 3D geographical databases. Such databases can be projected into the image space, by a rasterization step. Therefore, they provide 2D label maps that can be subsequently compared with classifications resulting for geospatial image processing. In this paper, we propose a classificationbased method to detect changes between label maps created from 2D land-cover databases and an more recent orthoimage, without any prior assumptions about the databases composition. Our supervised method is based both on an efficient training set selection and a hierarchical decision process, that follows the structure of topographical databases. This allows to take into account the intrinsic heterogeneity of the objects and themes composing a database while limiting false detection rates, a standard limitation of existing approaches. The designed framework is successfully applied on very high resolution images of Pl´eiades sensor and two distinct national land-cover databases.
Interactive multi-object tracking for virtual object manipulation
Authors: Guo Y. , Ying Yang M. , Rosenhahn B.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. We present an interactive system to manipulate a virtual object by tracking multiple hands in 3D space using a Kinect device. The system segments hand shapes from a captured 3D scene by using depth information and active contours. A hand shape is recognized by a trained naive Bayes classifier, whether it belongs to a palm, a pointing hand form or both hands with simple occlusion. A plane is approximated by using RANSAC for a palm hand form, while a vector from the hand centroid to the fingertip is obtained for a pointing hand form by using ICP as tracking method. A shape of simple occluded two hands is split into a palm and an incomplete pointing hand form, whose missing data is estimated by using PCA. The system works in semi-real time.
Seismic structure of the lithosphere beneath the ocean islands near the mid-oceanic ridges
Authors: Haldar C. , Kumar P. , Ravi Kumar M.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Deciphering the seismic character of the young lithosphere near the mid-oceanic ridges (MOR) is a challenging endeavor. In this study, we determine the seismic structure of the oceanic plate near the MORs, using the P-to-s conversions isolated from good quality data recorded at 5 broadband seismological stations situated on the ocean Islands in their vicinity. Estimates of the crustal and lithospheric thickness values from waveform modeling of the P receiver function stacks reveal that the crustal thickness varies between 6 and 8 km with the corresponding depths to the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary (LAB) varying between 43 and 68 km. However, the depth to the LAB at Macquire Island is intriguing in view of the observation of a thick (~ 87 km) lithosphere beneath a relatively young crust. At three other stations i.e., Ascension Island, Sao Jorge and Easter Island, we find evidence for an additional deeper low velocity layer probably related to the presence of a hotspot.
Transition of flow regime along a marine-terminating outlet glacier in East Antarctica
Authors: Callens D. , Matsuoka K. , Steinhage D. , Smith B. , Pattyn F.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. We present results of a~multi-methodological approach to characterize the flow regime of West Ragnhild Glacier, the widest glacier in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. A new airborne radar survey points to substantially thicker ice (> 2000 m) than previously thought. According to the new data, West Ragnhild Glacier discharges 13–14 Gt yr−1. Therefore, it is one of the three major outlet glaciers in Dronning Maud Land. Glacier-bed topography is distinct between the upstream and downstream section. In the downstream section (< 65 km upstream of the grounding line), the glacier overlies a wide and flat basin well below the sea level while the upstream region is more mountainous. Spectrum analysis of the bed topography reveals a clear contrast between these two regions, suggesting that the downstream area is sediment covered. The bed returned power varies by 30 dB within 20 km near the bed flatness transition, which suggests that water content at bed/ice interface increases over a short distance downstream, hence pointing to water-rich sediment. Ice flow speed observed in the downstream part of the glacier (~ 250 m yr−1) can only be explained if basal motion accounts for ~ 60% of the surface motion. All above lines of evidence (sediment bed, wetness and basal motion) and the relative flat grounding zone give the potential for West Ragnhild Glacier to be more sensitive to external forcing compared to other major outlet glaciers in this region which are more stable due to their bed geometry (e.g. Shirase Glacier).
L’aventure est-elle possible ?
Authors: Chassay Jean-François
Published: October 2013

Cet article examine comment la littérature française récupère le propos médical et hygiéniste (eugénisme, dégénérescence) au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles pour le transformer en une véritable aventure de la dégénérescence autour de figures singulières. À partir de la novella « Les gestes » de Paul Bourget et du roman Tribulat Bonhomet de Villiers de L’Isle-Adam, il s’agit de montrer, sur le mode psychologique et tragique ou sur le mode burlesque, comment le discours sur l’hérédité et les réflexions biologiques permettent de projeter, sur le plan imaginaire, l’aventure du vivant.
Arsène Lupin hors jeu
Authors: Prévost Maxime
Published: October 2013

En 1905, Maurice Leblanc relève le défi de l’éditeur Pierre Lafitte, acceptant de créer pour le périodique Je sais tout un personnage incarnant les qualités nationales et pouvant servir de locomotive à la revue, comme le faisait Sherlock Holmes pour The Strand. Implicitement, l’éditeur l’invitait ainsi à créer un personnage qui exercerait sur le lectorat français le même ascendant que le célèbre limier de Baker Street sur celui de la Grande-Bretagne. Défi relevé et mission accomplie, Maurice Leblanc, tout comme Conan Doyle, se trouve captif de son succès : l’auteur qui aspirait à devenir le successeur de Maupassant et la gloire du naturalisme tardif se verra contraint, pour répondre aux demandes du public, de créer sans cesse de nouvelles aventures d’Arsène Lupin, personnage mille fois mis à mort, mille et une fois né de ses cendres. Pour Maurice Leblanc et son personnage, l’aventure n’est pas une possibilité, mais une nécessité. Pierre Bayard nomme « complexe de Holmes » cette propension qu’ont les créateurs de mythes à se sentir fragilisés, voire menacés, par leurs créatures. Pendant la Grande Guerre, ce complexe mène Leblanc à créer une trilogie romanesque, constituée de L’Éclat d’obus (1916), du Triangle d’or (1918) et de L’Île aux trente cercueils (1919), trilogie marquée par la quasi-absence de son héros, lequel cède le pas à d’autres personnages auxquels la possibilité de l’aventure sera offerte, mais comme à contrecoeur : Arsène Lupin, qui ne met jamais sa propre vie en jeu et, intervenant comme un Deus ex machina, n’intègre jamais véritablement le fil de l’aventure, jette cependant une ombre démesurée sur les autres personnages du cycle, notamment sur le Paul Delroze de L’Éclat d’obus, le Patrice Belval du Triangle d’or et le Stéphane Maroux de L’Île aux trente cercueils, auxquels échappe la gloire complète de la geste héroïque. Cet article cherche à comprendre pourquoi Maurice Leblanc soustrait Arsène Lupin à l’aventure, sans pour autant doter ses autres personnages des mêmes possibilités d’action.
Location of Lymph Node Involvement in Patients with Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Predicts Survival
Authors: Talsma Aaldert K. , Ong Chin‐Ann J. , Liu Xinxue , van Hagen Pieter , Van Lanschot Jan J. B. , Tilanus Huug W. , Hardwick Richard H. , Carroll Nicholas R. , Spaander Manon C. W. , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. , Wijnhoven Bas P. L.
Published: October 2013

Background

The location of positive lymph nodes has been abandoned in the seventh classification of the TNM staging system for esophageal adenocarcinoma. The present study evaluates whether distribution of involved nodes relative to the diaphragm in addition to TNM 7 further refines prediction.

Methods

Pathology reports of patients who underwent esophagectomy between 2000 and 2008 for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus were reviewed and staging was performed according to the seventh UICC‐AJCC staging system. In addition, lymph node involvement of nodal stations above and below the diaphragm was investigated by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in a separate cohort of patients who were scheduled for esophagectomy between 2008 and 2009 at two institutions. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and multivariate analysis was performed with a Cox regression model.

Results

Some 327 patients who had undergone esophagectomy for cancer were included. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with from three to six involved lymph nodes in the resection specimen on both sides of the diaphragm had a twofold higher chance of dying compared to patients with the same number of involved lymph nodes on one side of the diaphragm. EUS assessment of lymph node metastases relative to the diaphragm in 102 patients showed that nodal involvement on both sides of the diaphragm was associated with worse survival than when nodes on one side or no nodes are involved [HR (95 % CI) 2.38 (1.15–4.90)].

Conclusions

A combined staging system that incorporates distribution of lymph nodes relative to the diaphragm refines prognostication after esophagectomy as assessed in the resected specimen and pretreatment as assessed by EUS. This improved staging has the potential to have a great impact on clinical decision making as to whether to embark upon potentially curative or palliative treatments.
Timing of arrival at breeding grounds determines spatial patterns of productivity within the population of white stork (Ciconia ciconia)
Authors: Janiszewski Tomasz , Minias Piotr , Wojciechowski Zbigniew
Published: October 2013

Early arrival at breeding grounds have important fitness consequences for migratory birds, both at individual and population level. The aim of this study was to investigate how the timing of arrival at the breeding territories affects the spatial patterns of reproductive success within a population of white storks (Ciconia ciconia). Data were gathered annually for ca. 200 pairs of storks breeding in central Poland between 1994 and 2011. Geostatistical analysis of data indicated that in years of delayed arrival of the population (measured by the first quartile arrival date), the reproductive output of storks was negatively autocorrelated, which indicated that there was a tendency for pairs of high breeding success to neighbour with pairs of low success. By contrast, in years when first storks returned in early dates to the breeding grounds, their reproductive success did not show any kind of spatial autocorrelation. These results suggest that delayed return of the first‐arriving storks of the population may increase intensity of intra‐specific competition to the level at which high‐quality breeding pairs monopolize most of available resources at the expense of neighbouring low‐quality pairs, which have lower reproductive success as a consequence. Such hypothesis was further supported with the analysis of nesting densities, showing that the late‐arriving breeding pairs incurred greater fitness costs (or derived lower fitness benefits) while breeding in high densities comparatively to the early‐arriving conspecifics.
The relation of biomass production with leaf traits varied under different land‐use and precipitation conditions in an Inner Mongolia steppe
Authors: Gao Yingzhi , Giese Marcus , Brueck Holger , Yang Haijun , Li Zhijian
Published: October 2013

The analyses of plant leaf traits that strongly influence aboveground net primary production (ANPP) are indispensable for understanding the process of plant biomass formation. However, there are few studies that have attempted to relate patterns of ANPP under contrasting management practices to plant leaf‐level traits. To assess how leaf traits affect plant biomass accumulation under different land‐use practices, we examined leaf traits and biomass production in three differently managed sites in the Inner Mongolia steppe: a site fenced since 1979 (UG), a winter grazing site (WG), and a heavily grazed site (HG). Low soil water content, leaf area index, and potential growth ability of species at site HG led to low crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and relative growth rate (RGR); resulting in lower ANPP as compared to sites WG and UG. Irrespective of land‐use management, prolonged drought significantly decreases ANPP even though it systematically increases mean CGR and RGR. However, leaf N content and leaf weight ratio are the crucial components necessary to determine the RGR at site WG. This suggests that low leaf N and availability of soil N due to haymaking may be responsible for neither over‐compensatory nor compensatory growth in this site. The low ANPP in dry years is not due to the low mean CGR and RGR but rather to the short effective growing days (referring to the days the vegetation actually grows), suggesting that production‐adjusted grazing regimes may be the most suitable measures for precision land management and avoiding grassland degradation.
Generation and characterization of a rabbit monoclonal antibody site‐specific for tau O‐GlcNAcylated at serine 400
Authors: Cameron Andrew , Giacomozzi Brandy , Joyce John , Gray Audrey , Graham Danielle , Ousson Solenne , Neny Maud , Beher Dirk , Carlson George , O'Moore Jill , Shearman Mark , Hering Heike
Published: October 2013

Aggregation of tau into paired helical filaments is a pathological process leading to neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Tau is posttranslationally modified by O‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc), and increasing tau O‐GlcNAcylation may protect against its aggregation. Research tools to study the relationship between tau aggregation and tau O‐GlcNAcylation have not been widely available. Here we describe the generation of a rabbit monoclonal antibody specific for tau O‐GlcNAcylated at Ser400 (O‐tau(S400)). We show the utility of this antibody for in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the function of O‐GlcNAc modifications of tau at Ser400.
ON THE SMOOTHNESS OF CENTRES OF RATIONAL CHEREDNIK ALGEBRAS IN POSITIVE CHARACTERISTIC
Authors: BELLAMY GWYN , MARTINO MAURIZIO
Published: October 2013

In this paper we study rational Cherednik algebras att= 1 in positive characteristic. We study a finite-dimensional quotient of the rational Cherednik algebra called the restricted rational Cherednik algebra. When the corresponding pseudo-reflection group belongs to the infinite seriesG(m, d, n), we describe explicitly the block decomposition of the restricted algebra. We also classify all pseudo-reflection groups for which the centre of the corresponding rational Cherednik algebra is regular for generic values of the deformation parameter.
HIGHER KOSZUL DUALITY FOR ASSOCIATIVE ALGEBRAS
Authors: DOTSENKO VLADIMIR , VALLETTE BRUNO
Published: October 2013

We present a unifying framework for the key concepts and results of higher Koszul duality theory forN-homogeneous algebras: the Koszul complex, the candidate for the space of syzygies and the higher operations on the Yoneda algebra. We give a universal description of the Koszul dual algebra under a new algebraic structure. For that we introduce a general notion: Gröbner bases for algebras over non-symmetric operads.
AUTOMORPHISMS OF QUANTUM MATRICES
Authors: LAUNOIS S. , LENAGAN T. H.
Published: October 2013

We study the automorphism group of the algebra$\co_q(M_n)$ofn×ngeneric quantum matrices. We provide evidence for our conjecture that this group is generated by the transposition and the subgroup of those automorphisms acting on the canonical generators of$\co_q(M_n)$by multiplication by scalars. Moreover, we prove this conjecture in the case whenn= 3.
A global path planning method for mobile robot based on a three-dimensional-like map
Authors: Wang Yaonan , Cao Wenming
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a novel global path planning method for mobile robots. An improved grid map, called three-dimensional-like map, is developed to represent the global workspace area. The new environment model includes not only contour information of obstacles but also artificial height information. Based on this new model, a simple but efficient obstacle avoidance algorithm is developed to solve robot path planning problems in static environment. The proposed algorithm only requires simple distance calculations and several comparison operations. In addition, unlike other algorithms, the proposed algorithm only needs to deal with some obstacles instead of all. The research results show that this method is computationally efficient and can be used to find an optimal or near optimal path.
Investigation on solid solubility and magnetism of the non-stoichiometric compound Fe3Se4
Authors: Li S. , Jin S.F. , Ji J. , Guo Z.N. , Yuan W.X.
Published: October 2013

In order to complete the research on the Fe–Se binary system, the phase structures with selenium contents from 50 to 60 at.% have been studied. Fe–Se binary samples used in this study were prepared by the high-temperature solid-state reaction method, and the phase structure of each sample was determined by powder X-ray diffraction. The solid solubility of the Fe3Se4 phase was determined to be from 56.1 to 57.6 at.% Se based on the values of unit-cell parameters. Magnetic properties of the samples were also studied.