bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enteral nutrition: An underappreciated source of patient safety events
Authors: Citty Sandra Wolfe , Chew Mary , Hiller Lynn D. , Maria Lisa A.
Published: April 2024

Enteral nutrition (EN) therapies are prescribed for patients not able to maintain adequate nutrition through the oral route. Medical errors and close calls associated with the provision of EN therapy leading to actual and potential patient harm have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the number, type, and severity of safety events related to the provision of EN therapies reported to a national database and provide workable recommendations from the literature to improve safety. An interdisciplinary team queried the National Center for Patient Safety (NCPS) Joint Patient Safety Reporting (JPSR) system using keywords related to EN therapy use. The team reviewed the number, type, and severity of reported events and safety codes as categorized by the NCPS and then thematically classified the narratives using the Medication Use Process (MUP). Our query revealed 1227 safety events related to the EN keywords. Thematic analysis of the top five event subtypes (n = 1030) revealed that there were 691 EN safety reports directly related to an MUP step, and the majority fell into the steps of administering (31%), followed by monitoring (28%), dispensing (26%), prescribing (11%), and transcription (4%), with many events involving more than one MUP step. Safety events associated with the provision of EN therapies leading to patient harm have been reported to the JPSR system. To improve safety related to EN use, modifications to prescribing, transcribing/documenting, dispensing, administering, and monitoring of prescribed EN therapies are needed.
Things change, things stay the same: MrBeast and novel philanthropy
Authors: Hogg Eddy , Miller Vincent
Published: April 2024

There is a tendency in the study of philanthropy to see each new innovation or movement as transformative and distinct from what has come before. Before MrBeast there was philanthrocapitalism and before long there will be another shiny new toy for those of us who research or practice philanthropy to study. Happily, Rhodri Davies' analysis of MrBeast's philanthropy avoids falling into the trap of seeing novelty at every turn. Instead, he presents a nuanced and measured analysis of the criticisms of MrBeast and of his philanthropic endeavours, weighing up where the mud sticks and where it does not. This response explores the relative novelty of MrBeast's approach to philanthropy and of the criticisms that have been levied at it.
Presurgery health influences outcomes following vertical sleeve gastrectomy in adolescents
Authors: Swertfeger Debi , Kim Ahlee , Sexmith Hannah , Moreno‐Fernandez Maria E. , Davidson W. Sean , Helmrath Michael , Jenkins Todd , Okura Tsuyoshi , Geh Esmond , Xanthakos Stavra A. , Szabo Sara , Nakamura Takahisa , Divanovic Senad , Shah Amy Sanghavi
Published: April 2024

Objective

Weight loss following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) in youth can range from 10% to 50%. We examined whether there are differences in demographic or metabolic parameters before VSG in youth who achieve above‐average weight loss (AAWL) versus below‐average weight loss (BAWL) at 1 year post VSG and if youth with BAWL still achieve metabolic health improvements at 1 year post VSG.

Methods

Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical lab data were collected before VSG and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after VSG.

Results

Forty‐three youth with a mean age of 16.9 (SD 1.7) years before VSG were studied; 70% were female, 19% non‐Hispanic Black, 58% non‐Hispanic White, and 23% mixed/other race. Mean baseline BMI was 51.1 (SD 10.5) kg/m2. Average weight loss was 25.8%. The AAWL group lost 18.6 kg/m2 (35.3%) versus the BAWL group, who lost 8.8 kg/m2 (17.5%). BMI, age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status at baseline were similar between AAWL and BAWL groups; however, the BAWL group had a higher frequency of pre‐VSG dysglycemia, steatotic liver disease, and dyslipidemia. At 1 year post VSG, fewer youth in the BAWL group achieved ideal health parameters, and they had less resolution of comorbidities.

Conclusions

The presence of comorbidities before VSG is associated with less weight loss and reduced resolution of metabolic conditions at 1 year post VSG.
Stage at diagnosis and survival by stage for the leading childhood cancers in Rwanda
Authors: Businge Lydia , Hagenimana Marc , Motlhale Melitah , Bardot Aude , Liu Biying , Anastos Kathryn , Castle Philip E. , Murenzi Gad , Claire Kimilu , Sabushimike Daniel , Cyuzuzo Callixte , Kubwimana Gallican , Maniragaba Theoneste , Uwinkindi Francois , Paczkowski Maggie , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Parkin Donald Maxwell
Published: April 2024

Background

The lack of accurate population‐based information on childhood cancer stage and survival in low‐income countries is a barrier to improving childhood cancer outcomes.

Methods

In this study, data from the Rwanda National Cancer Registry (RNCR) were examined for children aged 0–14 diagnosed in 2013–2017 for the eight most commonly occurring childhood cancers: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma excluding BL, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour, osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Utilising the Toronto Childhood Cancer Stage Guidelines Tier 1, the study assigned stage at diagnosis to all, except HL, and conducted active follow‐ups to calculate 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year observed and relative survival by cancer type and stage at diagnosis.

Results

The cohort comprised 412 children, of whom 49% (n = 202) died within 5 years of diagnosis. Five‐year survival ranged from 28% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.5%–45.6%) for BL to 68% (CI: 55%–78%) for retinoblastoma. For the cancers for which staging was carried out, it was assigned for 83% patients (n = 301 of 362), with over half (58%) having limited or localised stage at diagnosis. Stage was a strong predictor of survival; for example, 3‐year survival was 70% (95% CI: 45.1%–85.3%) and 11.8% (2.0%–31.2%) for limited and advanced non‐HL, respectively (p < .001).

Conclusion

This study is only the second to report on stage distribution and stage‐specific survival for childhood cancers in sub‐Saharan Africa. It demonstrates the feasibility of the Toronto Stage Guidelines in a low‐resource setting, and highlights the value of population‐based cancer registries in aiding our understanding of the poor outcomes experienced by this population.
Comparative study of dynamic parameters for damage identification of carbon fiber reinforced polymer tube
Authors: Luo Zhong , Yu Bing , Zhang Chengshuang , Sun Xinyu , Dong Shengbo
Published: April 2024

The primary objective of the paper is the numerical and experimental investigation related to the damage recognition effects for CFRP tubes of four dynamic parameters. Four damage identification indexes consisting of natural frequency‐based index, Mode Shape‐based index (MS), Mode Shape Curvature‐based index (MSC), and Modal Flexibility Curvature‐based index (MFC) are established by analyzing the dynamic parameter data obtained before and after damage occurs. The performances of dynamic parameters are thoroughly discussed in the context of numerical simulations and experiment. The results indicate that the effect of natural frequency is not as significant as that of mode shape. MFC has the most notable effectiveness out of the four indexes. The simulation peak index pair is predicted to rise from 0.3 to 0.6 as the damage in the simulation model increases by 25% from 12.5%, indicating that MFC can feedback the damage degree. Moreover, the circumferential curvature index exhibits superior performance compared to the axial curvature index. To enhance the accuracy of the axial curvature index, it is proposed to increase the number of measuring sites along the tube's long direction.

Highlights

Damage identification indexes of four dynamic parameters are established.

Discuss the identification ability of dynamic parameters by simulation and test.

Two numerical models of CFRP tube with delamination damage are established.

Impact and modal tests are executed to study the ability of four indexes.
Effects of surface modification on mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of carbon fiber/silk fiber hybrid composites
Authors: Song Hanlin , He Guanyu , He Yuxin , Huang Lieran , Gao Ziang , Zhang Ruilin , Zhang Li , Liu Hu , Liu Chuntai
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a hybrid approach was employed by integrating a high‐modulus, high‐tensile‐strength carbon fiber fabric (CFF) with a low‐density, high‐toughness silk nonwoven fabric (SNWF) to fabricate CFF‐SNWF reinforced epoxy (CFF‐SNWF/EP) hybrid composites. Through the surface freeze‐induced self‐assembly process, the multiscale hybrid modified layers were successfully constructed on the surfaces of both CFF and SNWF. This novel approach effectively enhanced the interfacial strength of the hybrid fibers (HFs). Comparing the performance of the modified composites with unmodified CFF reinforced epoxy (CFF/EP), significant improvements in both tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength were observed. Specifically, the tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength of the modified composites reached 626.7 and 39.16 MPa, a rise scope of 17.1% and 14.8%, respectively. In addition, the hybrid fibers reinforced polymers (HFRPs) exhibited a superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities. For insistence, the modified CFF/EP with a thickness of 2.0 mm showed an impressive EMI shielding effectiveness value of 50 dB. These findings underscore the promising application potential of CFF‐SNWF/EP hybrid composites, particularly in the field of consumer electronics.

Highlights

The surface of hybrid fiber was modified by PDA‐GO‐OCNTs‐WPU.

Multi‐scale structure contributes a lot in composite performance.

Hybrid effect before and after interfacial modification is performed.

The hybrid interface modification and hybrid structure were analyzed.
High‐performance carboxylated cellulose nanofibers‐based electro‐responsive ionic artificial muscles toward bioinspired applications
Authors: Wang Fan , Zhou Qiangkun , Zheng Shanqi , Li Qinchuan , Park Sukho
Published: April 2024

Highly electro‐responsive soft actuators have aroused immense attention due to their large bending deformation, fast response time, and long durability under low driving voltage. Herein we present a high‐performance ionic soft actuator using carboxylated cellulose nanofiber (CCNF), ionic liquid (IL), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The proposed actuator displayed excellent actuation performances such as a large bending strain of 0.41% (peak‐to‐peak displacement of 13.6 mm), specific capacitance up to 43%, long working ability (95% maintain for 2.5 h), significantly reduced phase delay, and broad frequency bandwidth (0.1–3.0 Hz), all of which were ascribed to the strong ionic interactions of CCNF with PVA and IL. Simultaneously, bionic applications of the actuators were achieved including the active stent, bionic gripper, and bionic fingers for sliding electronic photos and human‐robot interactions. Thus, the proposed actuator provides a way for the advancement of next‐generation artificial muscles, soft robots, and human‐robot interactions.

Highlights

Preparing an electro‐ionic actuator using carboxylated cellulose nanofibers.

Ionic interactions and cross‐linking promoting ion transport capability.

The actuator displaying excellent actuation responses and bioinspired applications.
Synthesis and characterization of highly sensitive ammonia sensor based on polyaniline/bismuth doped zinc oxide composites
Authors: Rahim Maheen , Ullah Rizwan , Ahmad Naseer , Rahim Ishrat , Yaseen Sobia
Published: April 2024

Highly efficient gas sensors fabrication having low detection limits have been one of key research area due to the industrial, environmental and other technological applications. In this study, polyaniline/bismuth doped zinc oxide (PANI/Bi‐ZnO) was prepared via inverse emulsion polymerization and it was coated over a substrate with staggered electrodes to create a highly efficient ammonia (NH3) sensor. The UV/Vis investigation, fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), raman spectral analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to describe the structure and morphology of prepared samples. At room temperature, the PANI/Bi‐ZnO sensor's sensitivity to various NH3 gas concentrations ranging from 20 to 100 ppm was examined. According to the experimental findings, the PANI/Bi‐ZnO film exhibits outstanding performance of response and selectivity. The response at 20 ppm NH3 was as high as ⁓100%. The response and recovery time was also calculated at 20 ppm and was 11/15 s. The contact between p‐n heterojunctions in the composite is responsible for the exceptional sensitivity of PANI/Bi‐ZnO towards NH3 sensing.

Highlights

Synthesis of Bi doped ZnO composites with PANI at room temperature

Fabrication of highly sensitive and efficient resistive type ammonia sensor

Selective and robust detection of ammonia by the fabricated sensor

High sensitivity with low limit of detection offered by the sensor

Response of the fabricated sensor at 20 ppm NH3 was as high as ⁓100%
Loneliness in narcissistic vulnerability: Examining domains of personality functioning
Authors: Finch Ellen F. , Kealy David
Published: April 2024

Research has indicated loneliness to be a detrimental correlate of narcissistic vulnerability. However, no research has examined if this relationship persists across time or why it occurs. The present study explores the link between narcissistic vulnerability and loneliness across time and examines which domains of personality dysfunction (i.e., identity, self‐direction, empathy, and intimacy) may account for why narcissistic vulnerability is related to loneliness. Adult participants (N = 298) were recruited from Prolific and completed study questionnaires assessing narcissistic vulnerability, narcissistic grandiosity, loneliness, domains of self and interpersonal functioning, and neuroticism. Two months later, participants repeated the measure of loneliness. Correlations among all study variables were calculated, followed by linear regression analyses to investigate how personality functioning domains may mediate the longitudinal relationship between narcissistic vulnerability and loneliness. The effects of baseline loneliness, relationship status, and trait neuroticism were controlled for. Narcissistic vulnerability, but not narcissistic grandiosity, was associated with loneliness at baseline and 2 months later. Intimacy functioning, but not identity, self‐direction, or empathy functioning, was a significant mediator of the relationship between narcissistic vulnerability and loneliness over time. These findings suggest that narcissistic vulnerability may contribute to the development or maintenance of loneliness across time, highlighting the role of impaired intimacy functioning in this relationship. The impact of these findings on our understanding of interpersonal functioning in narcissistic vulnerability, as well as clinical implications, is discussed.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Adiantum capillus‐veneris L. Leaf Extract
Authors: Shnawa Bushra H. , Jalil Parwin J. , Mhammedsharif Renjbar M. , Faqe Bakhtiyar A. , Ahmed Meysam H. , Ibrahim Hawar N. , Ahmed Mukhtar H.
Published: April 2024

Due to its unique properties and advantageous traits, zinc oxide has garnered significant attention in recent years for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO‐NP). This paper is focused on the synthesis of ZnO‐NPs mediated by Adiantum capillus‐veneris L. leaf extract and assesses their potential biological activities. In this study, ZnO‐NP is synthesized using A. capillus‐veneris L. leaf extract. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using, UV–vis spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), (SEM) scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrophotometry. The antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the formulated ZnO‐NPs are also inspected. The UV–vis, XRD, SEM, EDX, and FTIR confirmed the formation and purity of synthesized ZnO‐NPs. The ZnO‐NPs exhibit efficient antimicrobial potency against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Gram‐positive bacteria, particularly S. aureus, are more susceptible to ZnO‐NPs, with the largest inhibition zone of 32 mm. In contrast, E. coli and P. aeruginosa display smaller inhibition zones of 25 and 27 mm respectively. Anti‐inflammatory tests show that ZnO‐NPs have a significant anti‐inflammatory effect against egg albumin and bovine serum albumin denaturation, possess low toxicity on erythrocytes, and are highly hemocompatible.
P1′ specificity of the S219V/R203G mutant tobacco etch virus protease
Authors: Golda Mária , Hoffka Gyula , Cherry Scott , Tropea Joseph E. , Lountos George T. , Waugh David S. , Wlodawer Alexander , Tőzsér József , Mótyán János András
Published: April 2024

Proteases that recognize linear amino acid sequences with high specificity became indispensable tools of recombinant protein technology for the removal of various fusion tags. Due to its stringent sequence specificity, the catalytic domain of the nuclear inclusion cysteine protease of tobacco etch virus (TEV PR) is also a widely applied reagent for enzymatic removal of fusion tags. For this reason, efforts have been made to improve its stability and modify its specificity. For example, P1′ autoproteolytic cleavage‐resistant mutant (S219V) TEV PR was found not only to be nearly impervious to self‐inactivation, but also exhibited greater stability and catalytic efficiency than the wild‐type enzyme. An R203G substitution has been reported to further relax the P1′ specificity of the enzyme, however, these results were obtained from crude intracellular assays. Until now, there has been no rigorous comparison of the P1′ specificity of the S219V and S219V/R203G mutants in vitro, under carefully controlled conditions. Here, we compare the P1′ amino acid preferences of these single and double TEV PR mutants. The in vitro analysis was performed by using recombinant protein substrates representing 20 P1′ variants of the consensus TENLYFQ*SGT cleavage site, and synthetic oligopeptide substrates were also applied to study a limited set of the most preferred variants. In addition, the enzyme–substrate interactions were analyzed in silico. The results indicate highly similar P1′ preferences for both enzymes, many side‐chains can be accommodated by the S1′ binding sites, but the kinetic assays revealed lower catalytic efficiency for the S219V/R203G than for the S219V mutant.
Pharmacogenetic variability of tuberculosis biomarkers in native and mestizo Peruvian populations
Authors: Jaramillo‐Valverde Luis , Levano Kelly S. , Tarazona David D. , Capristano Silvia , Sanchez Cesar , Poterico Julio A. , Tarazona‐Santos Eduardo , Guio Heinner
Published: April 2024

In Peru, 29 292 people were diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2022. Although tuberculosis treatments are effective, 3.4%–13% are associated with significant adverse drug reactions, with drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) considered the most predominant. Among the first‐line antituberculosis drugs, isoniazid is the main drug responsible for the appearance of DILI. In liver, isoniazid (INH) is metabolized by N‐acetyltransferase‐2 (NAT2) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). Limited information exists on genetic risk factors associated with the presence of DILI to antituberculosis drugs in Latin America, and even less is known about these factors in the native and mestizo Peruvian population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of NAT2 and CYP2E1 genotypes in native and mestizo population. An analytical cross‐sectional analysis was performed using genetic data from mestizo population in Lima and native participants from south of Peru. NAT2 metabolizer was determined as fast, intermediate and slow, and CYP2E1 genotypes were classified as c1/c1, c1/c2 and c2/c2, from molecular tests and bioinformatic analyses. Of the 472 participants, 36 and 6 NAT2 haplotypes were identified in the mestizo and native population, respectively. In mestizo population, the most frequent NAT2*5B and NAT2*7B haplotypes were associated with DILI risk; while in natives, NAT2*5G and NAT2*13A haplotypes were associated with decreased risk of DILI. For CYP2E1, c1/c1 and c1/c2 genotypes are the most frequent in natives and mestizos, respectively. The linkage disequilibrium of NAT2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was estimated, detecting a block between all SNPs natives. In addition, a block between rs1801280 and rs1799929 for NAT2 was detected in mestizos. Despite the limitations of a secondary study, it was possible to report associations between NAT2 and CYP2E alleles with Peruvian native and mestizo by prevalence ratios. The results of this study will help the development of new therapeutic strategies for a Tuberculosis efficient control between populations.
Stability of Intensity Imbalance between Left‐ and Right‐Circulation Modes in GaN Hexagonal Microdisk
Authors: Syouji Atsushi , Iwamoto Yuka , Kouno Tetsuya , Sakai Masaru
Published: April 2024

The mechanisms underlying the stability of the intensity imbalance between the left‐ and right‐circulating lasing modes in a GaN hexagonal microdisk resonator are investigated. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations reveal that the imbalance is determined by the position of the point light source (seed light for lasing) inside the resonator. The coupling mechanism between the resonance modes and light from the source is clarified using numerical calculations. In addition, it is confirmed that light is highly coupled with one of the circulation modes when the source is placed off the bilateral symmetry axis of the mode near the side of the resonator, without any influence of the polarization of the source. The results indicate that the imbalance of the lasing modes observed in the experiments is determined by the position of the seed light near the side of the resonator, which must be spontaneous emission from impurities or defects, such as donor–acceptor pairs, donor‐bounded excitons, basal plane stacking faults, or the transition of free electrons in the conduction band to acceptor levels et al.
Correlative Micro‐Photoluminescence Study on Hybrid Quantum‐Well InGaN Red Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Zhaozong , Ishii Ryota , Shojiki Kanako , Funato Mitsuru , Iida Daisuke , Ohkawa Kazuhiro , Kawakami Yoichi
Published: April 2024

To investigate nonradiative recombination processes in indium gallium nitride (InGaN)‐based red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), an InGaN‐based red LED with a hybrid quantum well (QW) structure consisting of red and blue single quantum wells (SQWs) is characterized by micro‐photoluminescence (μ‐PL) spectroscopy. The μ‐PL mapping of the red emission reveals numerous dark spots with various sizes and contrasts. Not only the red and blue (from a blue SQW) but green emission bands are observed at some red dark spots, suggesting that indium (In) segregation is one of the causes of nonradiative recombination in the red emission. Comparing the blue and green emission images to the red emission image reveals that the dark spots in the intensity map of the red emission can be classified into four types. Through this correlative analysis, the red dark spots associated with the dark areas in the intensity map of the blue emission are attributed to the major nonradiative recombination centers in the red emission.
Red Emission of Well‐Ordered InGaN/GaN Nanocolumn Arrays on Si (111) Substrates Grown via Nanotemplate Selective‐Area Growth
Authors: Hoshino Kota , Togashi Rie , Kishino Katsumi
Published: April 2024

Herein, triangular‐lattice nanopillar templates are fabricated on sputter‐deposited AlN/Si (111) substrates. Nanotemplate selective‐area growth via radiofrequency‐plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy is employed to grow GaN nanocolumns on the nanopillars. Well‐ordered uniform GaN nanocolumn arrays are obtained by inserting a migration‐enhanced‐epitaxy grown AlN/AlGaN buffer layer, thereby aligning the polarity of GaN to Ga‐polar. Subsequently, bulk InGaN active layers are grown on top of the GaN nanocolumns with increasing growth time (tg = 10–20 min). In the initial stage of growth (tg = 10 min), low‐In‐content InGaN grows on the edges of the six‐sided pyramidal top of the GaN nanocolumns. As the growth progresses, low‐In‐composition InGaN fills the sides between InGaN on the edges, while high‐In‐composition InGaN rapidly grows on the top of the c‐plane nanocolumns. High‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the formation of an InGaN core, covered with a low‐In‐composition InGaN shell, on the top of the nanocolumns. At tg = 20 min, the photoluminescence spectrum exhibits a peak at 669 nm with a full width at half maximum value of 51.7 nm. Thus, the proposed method is suitable for growing red‐light‐emitting well‐ordered InGaN/GaN nanocolumn arrays on Si.
Rutin targets AKT to inhibit ferroptosis in ventilator‐induced lung injury
Authors: Chen Shengsong , Li Zhonghao , Xiao Yuhong , Zhou Zhaobin , Zhan Qingyuan , Yu Lingling
Published: April 2024

Our previous research confirmed that rutin reduced ventilator‐induced lung injury (VILI) in mice. Ferroptosis has been reported to participate in the pathogenic process of VILI. We will explore whether rutin inhibits ferroptosis to alleviate VILI. A mouse model of VILI was constructed with or without rutin pretreatment to perform a multiomics analysis. Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate lung injury in VILI mice. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were detected. Molecular docking was performed to determine the binding affinity between rutin and ferroptosis‐related proteins. Western blot analysis, real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were conducted to detect the expression levels of GPX4, XCT, ACSL4, FTH1, AKT and p‐AKT in lung tissues. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) was used to evaluate the binding between rutin and AKT1. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that ferroptosis may play a key role in VILI mice. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that rutin may affect ferroptosis via the AKT pathway. Molecular docking analysis indicated that rutin may regulate the expression of ferroptosis‐related proteins. Moreover, rutin upregulated GPX4 expression and downregulated the expression of XCT, ACSL4 and FTH1 in the lung tissues. Rutin also increased the ratio of p‐AKT/AKT and p‐AKT expression. MST analysis showed that rutin binds to AKT1. Rutin binds to AKT to activate the AKT signaling pathway, contributing to inhibit ferroptosis, thus preventing VILI in mice. Our study elucidated a possible novel strategy of involving the use of rutin for preventing VILI.
Luteolin: A promising multifunctional natural flavonoid for human diseases
Authors: Zhu Mingtao , Sun Yanping , Su Yang , Guan Wei , Wang Yu , Han Jianwei , Wang Shuang , Yang Bingyou , Wang Qiuhong , Kuang Haixue
Published: April 2024

Natural products are closely associated with human health. Luteolin (LUT), a flavonoid polyphenolic compound, is widely found in fruits, vegetables, flowers, and herbs. It is noteworthy that LUT exhibits a variety of beneficial pharmacological properties and holds significant potential for clinical applications, particularly in antitumor, anti‐convulsion, diabetes control, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotection, anti‐oxidation, anti‐cardiovascular, and other aspects. The potential mechanism of action has been partially elucidated, including the mediation of NF‐κB, toll‐like receptor, MAPK, Wnt/β‐catenin, PI3K/Akt, AMPK/mTOR, and Nrf‐2, among others. The review that aimed to comprehensively consolidate essential information on natural sources, pharmacological effects, therapeutic and preventive potential, as well as potential mechanisms of LUT. The objective is to establish a theoretical basis for the continued development and application of LUT.
Lemborexant‐induced interstitial lung disease: A case report
Authors: Nakahara Satoshi , Ishii Yumiko , Egashira Reika , Tsubouchi Kazuya , Kohno Mikihiro , Takenaka Tomoyoshi , Tanaka Kentaro , Okamoto Isamu
Published: April 2024

We report the first case of drug‐induced interstitial lung disease attributed to lemborexant. A 66‐year‐old man reported to our hospital with the acute onset of cough and breathlessness with ground‐glass opacity on radiological examination. Symptoms were identified after taking lemborexant for 2 consecutive days. The patient had undergone lemborexant treatment 2 years prior and had exhibited no symptoms at that time. The drug‐induced lymphocyte stimulation test for lemborexant was positive. He showed rapid improvement upon treatment with steroid. With the rise in prescriptions of lemborexant for insomnia, lemborexant should be considered as a possible cause of drug‐induced interstitial lung disease.
Neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy followed by resection for superior sulcus tumour with high PD‐L1 expression: A case report
Authors: Nakaya Takahito , Hirai Yoshimitsu , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Iguchi Hideto , Fusamoto Aya , Yata Yumi , Nagai Takahiro , Kitahara Daiki , Takakura Toshiaki , Nishimura Yoshiharu , Yamamoto Nobuyuki
Published: April 2024

The standard treatment for resectable non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) located in the superior sulcus is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by highly invasive resection. Based on the results of the CheckMate 816 trial, which showed a marked improvement in the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemo‐immunotherapy, we report a case of minimally invasive resection after neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy for superior sulcus NSCLC, resulting in a pathologic complete response. The patient was a 76‐year‐old man with a 65‐mm right superior sulcus tumour diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma with 95% PD‐L1. After two courses of neoadjuvant nivolumab plus chemotherapy, the tumour was completely resected through an 11‐cm right lateral thoracotomy with second rib resection and first rib preservation. No residual tumour cells were observed in the specimen, and the patient had a pathologic complete response. This report represents a new treatment option for superior sulcus tumours.
Treacherous Territory: Temple Fillers and Tissue Necrosis
Authors: Almutairi Rawan , Usmani Saima , Mubarak Sarah , Aldaraji Wael
Published: April 2024

Temporal region of the face is considered the most promising facial region for inducing panfacial effects, playing an increasingly important role in facial contouring and rejuvenation surgeries, which in turn has led to a rapid growth in the demand for aesthetic correction for temporal hollowing. In order to correct this issue and achieve a more youthful appearance, filler injections can be used. Although this procedure is generally safe and is increasingly popular, complications may happen. Complications include visual loss, neurological deficits, embolism, and non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism. These complications are thought to result from injection of filler material into facial arteries and veins. We describe here a patient who developed pain in the parieto-temporal region following hyaluronic acid (HA) injection for temporal augmentation, which was complicated by tissue necrosis and alopecia. This was managed with hyaluronidase injection and aspirin tablets. Patient was followed for 6 months period after which she had complete hair growth and total resolution of skin necrosis without any scar formation. Since complications of HA injection are wide and serious, practitioners should always be aware of potential consequences of such procedures.
Synthesis of CoFe2O4/TiO2/PANI Nanocomposite Photocatalyst, and Examination of Its Decolorization Efficiency on Rhodamine B
Authors: Keleş Güner Eda , Kızıltaş Hakan , Tırpancı Berivan
Published: April 2024

This study aims to reduce the band gap by doping wide band‐gap TiO2 with CoFe2O4 and PANI to improve the photocatalytic efficiency and examine the decolorization kinetic of Rhodamine B (RhB). The characteristics of the nanocomposites were thoroughly assessed through the utilization of SEM‐EDS, TEM, XRD, FTIR, VSM, UV‐Vis, PL, and XPS analyses. The SEM and TEM analyses revealed that CoFe2O4/TiO2/PANI has a homogeneously porous structure. XRD analysis results were found to show good agreement with the standard diffraction data cards. The band structures obtained by FTIR analyses were compatible with literature studies. The band gap energies determined by UV‐Vis analyses were determined as 2.86 eV for CoFe2O4/TiO2/PANI. The decrease of CoFe2O4/TiO2/PANI recombination rate was proven with PL results. The different initial dye concentrations, temperature, and light intensity parameters were used to determine the decolorization kinetics of RhB over CoFe2O4/TiO2/PANI. The photodegradation rates of RhB in reactions catalyzed by PANI, CoFe2O4, commercial‐TiO2, CoFe2O4/TiO2, and CoFe2O4/TiO2/PANI were determined as 7.6 %, 20.7 %, 26.6 %, 32.4 %, and 48.8 %, respectively. According to data obtained from the decolorization of RhB on CoFe2O4/TiO2/PANI nanocomposite, the appropriate kinetic model was determined Network kinetic. The adsorption equilibrium constant (KB) and activation energy (Ea) were calculated as 0.007 and 7.9 kJ/mol, respectively.
Identification of Phytochemical Inhibitors Targeting VEGFA and TGFBR2 of Cervical Cancer: Insights from Virtual Screening, ADMET and DFT Studies
Authors: Juneja Tanzil , Chakraborty Joydeep , Kapadiya Khushal , Kamdar Jignesh H.
Published: April 2024

The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta type II receptor (TGFBR2) serves as a promising candidate in the treatment of cervical cancer, playing a crucial role in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Its involvement in cervical cancer has been well documented. The pursuit of phytochemical inhibitors to counteract the cancer promoting effects of VEGFA and TGFBR2 has gained considerable momentum as very few drugs are available. In this study, we employed computational techniques to identify potential VEGFA and TGFBR2 inhibitors from 101 phytochemicals. The Spirosolane, Withaferin A & Silybin B for VEGFA and Ginkgetin, Hesperedin for TGFBR2 were identified as promising candidates as indicated by their favorable docking scores and robust energy profiles. Furthermore, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) profile indicating that Spirosolane and Ginkgetin exhibit favorable drug‐like properties and medicinal chemistry characteristics, suggesting their potential as novel drug candidates. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies revealed that these compounds exhibited the highest electrophilicity index for occupied molecular orbitals, basicity, and dipole moment, all contributing to their stability and strong binding affinity at the active site. To advance this line of research, additional experimental validation is warranted to facilitate the development of highly selective and effective VEGFA and TGFBR2 inhibitors.
Synthesis, Biological and Molecular Docking Studies of New Polysubstituted 2‐Amino‐3‐Cyano‐4H‐Chromene Derivatives
Authors: Sul Ramesh D. , Humbe Omkar Y. , Shelar Amruta V. , Patil Rajendra H. , Khedkar Vijay M. , Kale Bharat B. , Nikam Latesh K.
Published: April 2024

A series of new substituted 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐chromene derivatives have been synthesised by one pot multicomponent reaction of substituted benzaldehyde, malononitrile and 4‐chloro resorcinol. All the synthesised compounds have been characterised using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR‐MS spectra and screened for bioactivities such as swarming behaviour, biofilm formation, biofilm disruption, urease production in Proteus mirabilis. Whereas swarming inhibition was shown by all synthesized chromene derivatives, biofilm inhibition was shown only by nitrophenyl and fluorophenyl substituted chromene derivatives. Interestingly, urease activity was shown by meta substituted nitrophenyl and fluorophenyl derivatives. Quantitative polymerase chain (qPCR) reaction used to investigate the molecular mechanism of most active chromene derivatives showed prominent down regulations of urease enzyme genes. Molecular docking study against urease supported the observed bioactive effect and provide valuable insights into the binding modes and affinities of these new chromene derivatives. The per‐residue interaction analysis proposed the involvement of non‐bonded (steric and electrostatic) and bonded (hydrogen bonding and pi‐pi stacking) interactions with the active site.
Creation of Organic/Inorganic Hybrids in Two‐Dimensional Organized Films Using Natural Materials and Control of Their Morphology
Authors: Nakada Ryoma , Sugita Shogo , Rumon Rokibul Hasan , Fujimori Atsuhiro
Published: April 2024

Starch, an insoluble natural polymer, can be spread into a Langmuir monolayer on the surface of water as amylodextrin by solubilization, where it forms a spherical single‐particle layer at the air–water interface. In this study, we fabricated a two‐dimensional mixed monolayer from soluble starch and organo‐modified montmorillonite and attempted to control its morphology by varying the mixing ratio. The behavior of the organo‐modified montmorillonite was dependent on the spreading solvent and miniaturization was possible using a suitable solvent for spreading insoluble starch. Although both materials formed phase‐separated systems, nearly homogeneous particle layers were formed in some cases because of clay miniaturization. However, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the clay components remained intact and a rectangular morphology derived from aluminosilicate was observed in the mixed film with a high clay ratio. Functionalization as a mixed film clearly demonstrated the hydrophilic properties imparted by the starch particles and the selective adsorption of biomolecules on the clay surface.
A New Strategy for Measuring Salivary Alpha‐Amylase Activity Using Glucometer
Authors: Abdi Farid , Gorgani‐Firuzjaee Sattar , Behroozi Javad , Vahidi Mahmood , Heidari Mohammad Foad
Published: April 2024

Alpha‐amylase is one of the most important enzymes in the saliva. It is an important biomarker for many health conditions. Saliva sampling is a non‐invasive method and is the preferred choice for sampling at point of the care and home testing. Measurement of salivary alpha‐amylase activity as a rapid test using test strips with Flavin‐dependent glucose dehydrogenases (FAD‐GDH) as glucose is the aim of the current research. FAD‐GDH is an oxygen‐independent enzyme and has a narrow substrate specificity. For this goal, starches from various sources are tested as a substrate for alpha‐amylase and chose MS‐101 starch as the best substrate, between six different starch types. Under optimal assay conditions, when hydrolyzed starch (in 20 min, 37 °C, pH = 7) reacts with FAD‐GDH enzymes that exist in test strips for 5 s glucometer can show the amount of glucose produced in samples from patient samples. This glucose value is directly correlated with the salivary alpha‐amylase activity (p‐value <0.01).
Adverse perinatal outcomes are strongly associated with degree of abnormality in uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index
Authors: Dockree S. , Aye C. , Ioannou C. , Cavallaro A. , Black R. , Impey L. ,   the Oxford Growth Restriction Identification Programme Group (OxGRIP)
Published: April 2024

Objective

To investigate the association between varying degrees of abnormality in the Doppler uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) and adverse perinatal outcome.

Methods

This was a prospective study of women with a singleton, non‐anomalous pregnancy in whom UtA‐PI was measured universally in midpregnancy and who gave birth in Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK, between 2016 and 2023. Relative risk ratios (RRR) for the primary outcomes of extended perinatal mortality and live birth with a severe small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate were calculated using multinomial logistic regression, for early preterm birth (before 34 + 0 weeks' gestation) and late preterm/term birth (at or after 34 + 0 weeks). Risks were also investigated for iatrogenic preterm birth and a composite adverse outcome before 34 + 0 weeks.

Results

Overall, 33 364 pregnancies were included in the analysis. Compared to those with a normal UtA‐PI, the risk of extended perinatal mortality with delivery before 34 + 0 weeks was higher in women with UtA‐PI ≥ 90th percentile (RRR, 4.7 (95% CI, 2.7–8.0); P < 0.001), but this was not demonstrated in births at or after 34 + 0 weeks. The risk of live birth with severe SGA was associated strongly with abnormal UtA‐PI for early births (RRR, 26.0 (95% CI, 11.6–58.2); P < 0.001) and later births (RRR, 2.3 (95% CI, 1.8–2.9); P < 0.001). Women with raised UtA‐PI were more likely to have an early iatrogenic birth (RRR, 7.8 (95% CI, 5.5–11.2); P < 0.001). For each outcome before 34 + 0 weeks and the composite outcome, the risk increased significantly in association with the degree of abnormality in the UtA‐PI (from < 90th, 90–94th, 95–98th to ≥ 99th percentile) (Ptrend < 0.001). When using the 90th percentile as opposed to the 95th, there was a significant improvement in the overall predictive accuracy (as determined by the area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve) for the composite adverse outcome (χ2 = 6.64, P = 0.01) and iatrogenic preterm birth (χ2 = 4.10, P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Elevated UtA‐PI is a key predictor of iatrogenic preterm birth, severe SGA and perinatal loss up to 34 + 0 weeks' gestation. The 90th percentile for UtA‐PI should be used, and management should be tailored according to the degree of abnormality, as pregnancies with very raised UtA‐PI measurement constitute a group at extreme risk of adverse outcome. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
A topic modeling‐based bibliometric exploration of automatic summarization research
Authors: Chen Xieling , Xie Haoran , Tao Xiaohui , Xu Lingling , Wang Jingjing , Dai Hong‐Ning , Wang Fu Lee
Published: April 2024

The surge in text data has driven extensive research into developing diverse automatic summarization approaches to effectively handle vast textual information. There are several reviews on this topic, yet no large‐scale analysis based on quantitative approaches has been conducted. To provide a comprehensive overview of the field, this study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 3108 papers published from 2010 to 2022, focusing on automatic summarization research regarding topics and trends, top sources, countries/regions, institutions, researchers, and scientific collaborations. We have identified the following trends. First, the number of papers has experienced 65% growth, with the majority being published in computer science conferences. Second, Asian countries and institutions, notably China and India, actively engage in this field and demonstrate a strong inclination toward inter‐regional international collaboration, contributing to more than 24% and 20% of the output, respectively. Third, researchers show a high level of interest in multihead and attention mechanisms, graph‐based semantic analysis, and topic modeling and clustering techniques, with each topic having a prevalence of over 10%. Finally, scholars have been increasingly interested in self‐supervised and zero/few‐shot learning, multihead and attention mechanisms, and temporal analysis and event detection. This study is valuable when it comes to enhancing scholars' and practitioners' understanding of the current hotspots and future directions in automatic summarization.

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Lost expectations from a watershed moment: The 2023 UN Water Conference
Authors: Adeel Zafar
Published: April 2024

Highlights

The anticipation and optimism surrounding the 2023 UN Water Conference led to high expectations in addressing the global water challenges.

The international community gathered in New York did not avail some key opportunities to create robust water institutions and implementation mechanisms.

A drastic change in financial mobilization for global water challenges is required, and it must go together with significant institutional enhancements.

The global water crisis must be considered a standalone issue and so propagated, while creating meaningful engagements with other sectors of the economy.
Role of supranational bodies in regulating water cooperation: Central Asian experience
Authors: Kuspayev Ural , Dalelkhan Aibolat , Sheryazdanova Kamilla , Volkov Aleksey
Published: April 2024

Growing environmental problems in recent decades have made the water issue one of the most important agenda items in relations between the countries of the Central Asian (CA) region. Because water is a strategic resource and, at the same time, the foundation of social and economic development in CA, it is possible to assume that the settlement of water allocation problems will become a driving force for the development of regional interaction. The study aims to analyze the importance of supranational bodies in regulating water cooperation between the states of the CA region. The methodological basis of the study was built based on a combination of such theoretical methods of cognition as historical, structural‐functional, forecasting, and political and legal analysis, as well as an institutional approach. The main study results consist of assessing the efficiency of water resources use in the CA region, formulating areas of cooperation between the states in this sector after independence and up to the present, analyzing the role of functioning and under‐construction hydropower facilities in stimulating the resolution of water and energy challenges, and formulating initiatives of the countries of the region in solving existing water problems. In addition, it identified points of convergence in transboundary water use, analyzed steps to further deepen cooperation in water allocation among CA countries, and assessed the activities of supranational bodies in regulating water cooperation. The work can be applied in research and applied areas: It can be useful for scientists whose interests include water management issues in the CA region, as well as for government officials in the CA countries who implement policies in this area.
Primitivizing the Hindus: Hindus as Oppressive and Hierarchical
Authors: Singh Kundan , Maheshwari Krishna
Published: April 2024

The contentions of the Francophone postcolonial thinkers are proven fair and square when critically examining Mill’s chapters on the Hindu people in the History. This chapter thoroughly exposes the various parameters on which Mill characterized the Hindu people, Hinduism, and Ancient India as savage and barbaric. One of his chief refrains in describing the Hindu people as savage was that they have been hierarchical and oppressive since the beginning of the times. Their social order, governance laws, and taxation structure, among others, have been hierarchical and oppressive since antiquity. He uses the worst of human vices to represent the Hindu people, which reveals that his discourse is racist. We have undertaken a thorough expose of Mill’s contentions to demonstrate how the grade-school discourse on India and Hinduism carries his distinct stamp in a later chapter.