bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors for functional decline after an injurious fall: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Ek Stina , Rizzuto Debora , Xu Weili , Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia , Welmer Anna-Karin
Published: November 2020

Background

The functional consequences of injurious falls are well known. However, studies of the factors that can modify trajectories of disability after an injury from a fall are scarce.

Aims

We aimed to investigate whether sociodemographic and health-related factors may impact this association.

Methods

The study population consisted of 1426 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years) from the SNAC-K cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden. Functional status over 12 years of follow-up was assessed using the number of limitations in basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Sex, cohabitation status, physical activity, and self-rated health were assessed at baseline. Injurious falls were defined as falls requiring healthcare and were assessed over 3 years starting at baseline. Data were analyzed using linear-mixed effects models.

Results

The fastest increase in the number of disabilities was observed in those who had endured an injurious fall and were living alone (β coefficient = 0.408; p < 0.001), been physically inactive (β coefficient = 0.587; p < 0.001), and had poor self-rated health (β coefficient = 0.514; p < 0.001). The negative impact of these factors was more pronounced among fallers compared to non-fallers.

Discussion

Living alone, being physically inactive, and having poor self-rated health magnifies the negative effect of an injurious fall on functional status. Among individuals who endure an injurious fall, the heterogeneity in long-term functional status is substantial, depending on the individuals’ characteristics and behaviors.

Conclusions

These findings emphasize the need for a person-centered approach in care provision and can guide secondary prevention within health care.
What is the relationship between the coronavirus crisis and air pollution in Tunisia?
Authors: Chekir Nihel , Ben Salem Yassine
Published: November 2020

Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated horror and panic around the world. Nevertheless, this terrible crisis is having a positive side effect: it is lowering pollution levels. The outbreak of the coronavirus has caused many governments to impose measures to slow the spread of the virus within populations, such as limiting population displacement, requesting social distancing and the isolation of individuals at home, and reducing industrial activity. In this work, we investigated the effects of governmental measures taken to limit the spread of COVID-19 on the concentrations of air pollutants over four Tunisian cities (Tunis, Sousse, Sfax, and Tataouine). Data on the average daily levels of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter during January, February, March, and April of 2020 were collected, treated, and analyzed for each city. Curves of average monthly pollutant concentrations from 1 January to 30 April for each city investigated showed that measures taken to reduce the spread of the virus had a substantial impact on emission levels: there were tremendous drops of 51% in NO2 and 52% in SO2 over Sfax City during March compared to those during January, while nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide levels dropped by about 38% and 42%, respectively, over Tunis City and by around 20% for Sousse. During the four months investigated, almost all of the pollutant concentrations showed a significant drop from mid-March. On 12 March, the Tunisian government imposed some individual and collective measures to protect the population from the virus, such as social distancing, limiting transportation, shutting down schools and universities, and reducing industrial activity. A general lockdown was brought in later. Thus, restricting human and industrial activities appeared to affect the air quality in Tunisia, leading to a marked improvement in the air quality index.

Graphic abstract
Effectiveness of meperidine versus tramadol on post spinal anesthesia shivering in elective cesarean section: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Tilahun Abere , Seifu Ashenafi , Aregawi Adugna , Abera Bacha , Demsie DesalegnGetnet
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:

Post Spinal Anesthesia Shivering (PSAS) is common side effect during spinal anesthesia. Shivering could be treated with tramadol or meperidine. However, comparative effectiveness of the two drugs has not been assessed in our institution.

Study objective:

To evaluate effectiveness of meperidine versus tramadol on post spinal anesthesia shivering in mothers under go cesarean section.

Methods:

This prospective observational cohort study was conducted on74 ASA II and III obstetric mothers from December 20-March 20, 2017/18. Patients with PSAS received IV tramadol (0.5 mg/kg) or meperidine 0.5 mg/kg as independent decision of responsible anesthetist. Then they were followed for time of cessation of shivering, reoccurrence of shivering, hemodynamic changes, and occurrence of side effects such as sedation, nausea and vomiting. The collected data were entered Epi Info version 7.0 and exported to SPSS version 22. The mean difference of categorical data was analyzed with the Chi-Square test. Independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate numerical data -value less than 0.05 were considered statistical significance.

Results:

The mean time to ceased shivering was 4.45 ± 3.18 min and 3.08 ± 1.30 min in meperidine and tramadol groups, respectively (p = 0.021). The hemodynamic changes like mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), arterial saturation (SpO2) and body temperature changes were all comparable between the two groups. Recurrence of shivering after treatment was less in tramadol group 6 (16.2%) than meperidine group 9 (24.3%). Sedation, nausea and vomiting were reported as a side effect in both groups with no statistical significant (p > 0.05). Sedation was higher in Meperidine group 9 (24.3%) than tramadol group 3 (8.1%). Nausea and vomiting were found to be higher in tramadol group 9 (24.3%) than meperidine group 3 (8.1%).

Conclusions:

Both tramadol and meperidine effectively controlled shivering in clients during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Tramadol offered rapid onset, less recurrence and less sedation as a side effect when compared to meperidine.

Highlights
Composites in a post-Covid world
Authors: Nickels Liz
Published: November 2020

How will composites companies deal with business, post-pandemic? Liz Nickels spoke to two top industry experts about the way forward.
ALT 38 Environmental Transformations
Authors: Emenyonu Ernest N. , Iheka Cajetan , Newell Stephanie
Published: November 2020

Investigates what literary strategies African writers adopt to convey the impact of climate transformation and environmental change.
Powerful Glacial Floods Heave Himalayan Boulders
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: November 2020

Many of the house-sized boulders that litter Himalayan river channels were transported thousands of years ago by glacial lake outburst floods, new observations suggest.
Icequake Source Mechanisms for Studying Glacial Sliding
Authors: Hudson T. S. , Brisbourne A. M. , Walter F. , Gräff D. , White R. S. , Smith A. M.
Published: November 2020

Improving our understanding of glacial sliding is crucial for constraining basal drag in ice dynamics models. We use icequakes, sudden releases of seismic energy as the ice slides over the bed, to provide geophysical observations that can be used to aid understanding of the physics of glacial sliding and constrain ice dynamics models. These icequakes are located at the bed of an alpine glacier in Switzerland and the Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica, two extremes of glacial settings and spatial scales. We investigate a number of possible icequake source mechanisms by performing full waveform inversions to constrain the fundamental physics and stress release during an icequake stick‐slip event. Results show that double‐couple mechanisms best describe the source for the events from both glacial settings and the icequakes originate at or very near the ice‐bed interface. We also present an exploratory method for attempting to measure the till shear modulus, if indirect reflected icequake radiation is observed. The results of this study increase our understanding of how icequakes are associated with basal drag while also providing the foundation for a method of remotely measuring bed shear strength.
Anti‐Phased Miocene Ice Volume and CO2 Changes by Transient Antarctic Ice Sheet Variability
Authors: Stap L. B. , Knorr G. , Lohmann G.
Published: November 2020

Geological evidence indicates large continental‐scale Antarctic ice volume variations during the early and mid‐Miocene. On million‐year timescales, these variations can largely be explained by equilibrium Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) simulations. In contrast, on shorter orbital timescales, the AIS needs not be in equilibrium with the forcing and ice volume variations may be substantially different. Here, we introduce a conceptual model, based on ice dynamical model results, to investigate the difference between transient variability and equilibrium differences of the Miocene AIS. In our model, an ice sheet will grow (shrink) by a specific rate when it is smaller (larger) than its equilibrium size. We show that phases of concurrent ice volume increase and rising CO2 levels are possible, even though the equilibrium ice volume decreases monotonically with CO2. When the AIS volume is out of equilibrium with the forcing climate, the ice sheet can still be adapting to a relatively large equilibrium size, although CO2 is rising after a phase of decrease. A delayed response of Antarctic ice volume to (covarying) solar insolation and CO2 concentrations can cause discrepancies between Miocene solar insolation and benthic δ18O variability. Increasing forcing frequency leads to a larger disequilibrium and consequently larger CO2‐ice volume phase differences. Furthermore, an amplified forcing amplitude causes larger amplitude ice volume variability, because the growth and decay rates depend on the forcing. It also leads to a reduced average ice volume, resulting from the growth rates generally being smaller than the decay rates.
Membrane nanotubes facilitate the propagation of inflammatory injury in the heart upon overactivation of the β-adrenergic receptor
Authors: Shen Jing , Wu Ji-Min , Hu Guo-Min , Li Ming-Zhe , Cong Wen-Wen , Feng Ye-Nan , Wang Shuai-Xing , Li Zi-Jian , Xu Ming , Dong Er-Dan , Zhang You-Yi , Xiao Han
Published: November 2020

Acute sympathetic stress quickly induces cardiac inflammation and injury, suggesting that pathogenic signals rapidly spread among cardiac cells and that cell-to-cell communication may play an important role in the subsequent cardiac injury. However, the underlying mechanism of this response is unknown. Our previous study demonstrated that acute β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling activates inflammasomes in the heart, which triggers the inflammatory cascade. In the present study, β-AR overactivation induced inflammasome activation in both the cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) of mice hearts following a subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO, 5 mg/kg body weight), a selective agonist of β-AR. In isolated cardiac cells, ISO treatment only activated the inflammasomes in the cardiomyocytes but not the CFs. These results demonstrated that inflammasome activation was propagated from cardiomyocytes to CFs in the mice hearts. Further investigation revealed that the inflammasomes were activated in the cocultured CFs that connected with cardiomyocytes via membrane nanotubes (MNTs), a novel membrane structure that mediates distant intercellular connections and communication. Disruption of the MNTs with the microfilament polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D (Cyto D) attenuated the inflammasome activation in the cocultured CFs. In addition, the MNT-mediated inflammasome activation in the CFs was blocked by deficiency of the inflammasome component NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in the cardiomyocytes, but not NLRP3 deficiency in the CFs. Moreover, ISO induced pyroptosis in the CFs cocultured with cardiomyocytes, and this process was inhibited by disruption of the MNTs with Cyto D or by the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and the caspase-1 inhibitor Z-YVAD-FMK (FMK). Our study revealed that MNTs facilitate the rapid propagation of inflammasome activation among cardiac cells to promote pyroptosis in the early phase of β-adrenergic insult. Therefore, preventing inflammasome transfer is a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate acute β-AR overactivation-induced cardiac injury.
An electroosmotic flow-free two-direction migration strategy enables fast affinity capillary electrophoresis to study the weak interactions between basic peptides and RNA
Authors: Yuan Zheng , Xu Peng , Yu Fangzhi , Zhang Dapeng , Zhao Qiang , Yu Wenqiang , Wang Hailin
Published: November 2020

Two-direction migration enables fast affinity capillary electrophoresis to detect weak and unstable peptide–RNA interactions.
Improvement of the wound healing properties of hydrogels with N-acetylcysteine through their modification with methacrylate-containing polymers
Authors: Gomez-Aparicio Lesly S. , Bernáldez-Sarabia Johanna , Camacho-Villegas Tanya A. , Lugo-Fabres Pavel H. , Díaz-Martínez Néstor Emmanuel , Padilla-Camberos Eduardo , Licea-Navarro Alexei , Castro-Ceseña Ana B.
Published: November 2020

N-Acetylcysteine promotes tissue regeneration. It also shows anticoagulant properties. We modified N-acetylcysteine-containing hydrogels to improve wound healing without hindering blood-clotting.
Site-directed attachment of photoexcitable spin labels for light-induced pulsed dipolar spectroscopy
Authors: Williams Lara , Tischlik Sonja , Scherer Andreas , Fischer Jörg Wolfram Anselm , Drescher Malte
Published: November 2020

We report the first example of EPR distance determination using photoexcitable spin labels site-selectively attached via click or thiol chemistry.
Water-induced mica/ionic liquid interfacial nanostructure switches revealed by AFM
Authors: Liu Shuai , Li Miangang , Peng Jin , Chen Li , Mao Bingwei , Yan Jiawei
Published: November 2020

AFM force curve measurements reveal a long-range force switch from attraction to repulsion at the mica/ionic liquid interface due to the increase of water content.
XUV pump–XUV probe transient absorption spectroscopy at FELs
Authors: Ding Thomas , Rebholz Marc , Aufleger Lennart , Hartmann Maximilian , Stooß Veit , Magunia Alexander , Birk Paul , Borisova Gergana Dimitrova , da Costa Castanheira Carina , Rupprecht Patrick , Mi Yonghao , Gaumnitz Thomas , Loh Zhi-Heng , Roling Sebastian , Butz Marco , Zacharias Helmut , Düsterer Stefan , Treusch Rolf , Ott Christian , Pfeifer Thomas
Published: November 2020

A setup for an all-XUV transient absorption spectroscopy at free-electron lasers, was developed and employed to explore XUV-excited dynamics and XUV-driven nonlinear phenomena.
Biomass valorisation over polyoxometalate-based catalysts
Authors: Zhong Jiawei , Pérez-Ramírez Javier , Yan Ning
Published: November 2020

POM-based catalysts have wide applications in catalytic biomass refinery.
Synthesis of N-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole-based poly(ionic liquid) as an adsorbent for the selective recovery of Au(iii) ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Gui Wenjun , Shi Yun , Wei Jia , Zhang Zhifang , Li Ping , Xu Xia , Cui Yanjun , Yang Ying
Published: November 2020

A novel poly(ionic liquid) adsorbent (PIL-APIBCl) exhibits a high adsorption capacity of 236.68 mg g−1 for Au(iii).
First-principles prediction of a room-temperature ferromagnetic and ferroelastic 2D multiferroic MnNX (X = F, Cl, Br, and I)
Authors: Hu Minglang , Xu Shaowen , Liu Chao , Zhao Guodong , Yu Jiahui , Ren Wei
Published: November 2020

A room-temperature ferromagnetic and ferroelastic 2D multiferroic MnNX (X = F, Cl, Br, and I).
A KBr-impregnated paper substrate as a sample probe for the enhanced ATR-FTIR signal strength of anionic and non-ionic surfactants in an aqueous medium
Authors: Kurrey Ramsingh , Deb Manas Kanti , Shrivas Kamlesh , Nirmalkar Jayant , Sen Bhupendra Kumar , Mahilang Mithlesh , Jain Vikas Kumar
Published: November 2020

Flow diagram of the procedures for the analysis of surfactants using modified GFF paper substrate.
A scalable and green one-minute synthesis of substituted phenols
Authors: Elumalai Vijayaragavan , Hansen Jørn H.
Published: November 2020

The synthesis of highly substituted phenols is advanced via a green one minute hydroxylation and subsequent one-pot functionalizations.
Dion–Jacobson-type oxide-ion conductor CsLa2Ti2NbO10−δ without phase transitions
Authors: Zhang Wenrui , Fujii Kotaro , Ishiyama Tomohiro , Kandabashi Harue , Yashima Masatomo
Published: November 2020

We present the first example of the Dion–Jacobson-type oxide-ion conductor without phase transitions CsLa2Ti2NbO10−δ (where δ represents the oxygen-vacancy content).
Enhanced power factor of n-type Bi2Te2.8Se0.2 alloys through an efficient one-step sintering strategy for low-grade heat harvesting
Authors: Wei Haoxiang , Tang Jiaqi , Wang Hongchao , Xu Dongyan
Published: November 2020

This work reports the enhanced power factor of n-type Bi2Te2.8Se0.2 alloys through an efficient one-step sintering strategy for thermal energy harvesting.
An all-day solar-driven vapor generator via photothermal and Joule-heating effects
Authors: Guo Yang , Sui Yujin , Zhang Jiajie , Cai Zaisheng , Xu Bi
Published: November 2020

An all-day operating solar evaporator is developed with the photothermal effect in combination with the Joule-heating effect.
Observer canonical form based robust fault detection and estimation for hyperbolic spatiotemporal dynamic systems
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Du Yuncheng , Dubljevic Stevan
Published: November 2020

In this study, the authors propose a novel state and a fault estimation scheme for a class of hyperbolic spatiotemporal dynamic systems in the presence of unknown external disturbance. They consider the occurrence of multiplicative actuator and sensor faults. In detail, they consider two cases of fault occurrence: (i) only one type (actuator or sensor) of fault happens; (ii) two types of faults occur simultaneously. This study discusses the fault detectability conditions by proposing a fault detection observer. To complete the estimation problem, three difficulties arise: (i) no prior information shows the type of faults; (ii) the observer design is non‐linear due to multiplication between plant signals (state or input) and unknown fault parameters; (iii) only one boundary measurement is available. They convert the original faulty plant into its observer canonical form. By proposing two filters based on the resulting observer canonical form, they develop novel parameter update laws for fault parameter estimation. With the proposed update laws, the true state of the faulty plant can be estimated by the proposed observers. By selecting appropriate Lyapunov functions, they prove that estimation error of state and fault parameters exponentially decays to an arbitrarily small neighbourhood of zero despite unknown external disturbance.
Automated segmentation technique with self‐driven post‐processing for histopathological breast cancer images
Authors: Kaushal Chetna , Singla Anshu
Published: November 2020

Automated segmentation of histopathological images is a challenging task to detect cancerous cells in breast tissue. Recent reviews state high accuracy to segment image, but depends on user input, say window area size, time steps, level set, magnification factor and so on. To extract the region of interest effectively, the subject expert performs post‐processing operations several times on the segmentation results with different input values for different parameters say, area opening, fill holes and selects most appropriate enhanced image required for further analysis. The authors proposed an automated segmentation technique followed by self‐driven post‐processing operations to detect cancerous cells effectively. The post‐processing method itself determines the value of different parameters for different operations based on segmented results obtained. The proposed technique has the following features: (i) technique is context sensitive; (ii) no prior setting of time step, weighted area coefficient parameters is required; (iii) magnification independent; (iv) post‐processing operations are self‐driven which enhance segmentation results adaptively. The experimental results are compared with four state‐of‐the‐art techniques: fuzzy C‐means, spatial fuzzy C‐means, spatial neutrosophic distance regularised level set and convolutional neural network‐based PangNet. Experimental results obtained on two publicly available data sets show that the proposed technique outperforms effectively.
Study on single‐valued neutrosophic graph with application in shortest path problem
Authors: Liu Ruxiang
Published: November 2020

Fuzzy set and neutrosophic set are two efficient tools to handle the uncertainties and vagueness of any real‐world problems. Neutrosophic set is more useful than fuzzy set (intuitionistic fuzzy sets) to manage the uncertainties of a real‐life problem. This study introduces some new concepts of single‐valued neutrosophic graph (SVNG). The authors have discussed the definition of regular SVNG, complete SVNG and strong SVNG. The shortest path problem is a well‐known combinatorial optimisation problem in the field of graph theory due to its various applications. Uncertainty is present in almost every application of shortest path problem which makes it very hard to decide the edge weight properly. The main objective behind the work in this study is to determine an algorithmic technique for shortest path problem which will be very easy and efficient for use in real‐life scenarios. In this study, the authors consider neutrosophic number to describe the edge weights of a neutrosophic graph for neutrosophic shortest path problem. An algorithm is introduced to solve this problem. The uncertainties are incorporated in Bellman–Ford algorithm for shortest path problem using neutrosophic number as arc length. They use one numerical example to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Satisfaction of Patients with Nonvitamin K Anticoagulants Compared to Vitamin K Antagonists: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Katerenchuk Vasyl , Duarte Gonçalo S. , Martins e Pereira Gonçalo , Fernandes Ricardo M. , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Pinto Fausto J. , Costa João , Caldeira Daniel
Published: November 2020

Objective To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the satisfaction of patients receiving nonvitamin K anticoagulants (NOACs), compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs).

Methods We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Two reviewers screened, extracted, and appraised data independently. We pooled data using a random-effects model. Outcome included treatment satisfaction, which was assessed by scores of Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS), Anticlot Treatment Scale (ACTS), Perception of Anticoagulant Treatment Questionnaire 2 (PACT-Q2), or Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication version II (TSQM-VII) and their domains reported with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We followed MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines.

Results We included four RCTs and 16 observational studies, enrolling 18,684 participants overall. Compared with VKAs, treatment with NOACs improved the ACTS Burdens score by 4.21 points (95% CI: 2.99–5.43, I
2 = 95%, combined n = 6,180), and ACTS Benefits by 0.49 points (95% CI: 0.18–0.81, I
2 = 85%, combined n = 6,171). Switching from VKAs to NOACs improved the ACTS Burdens score by 5.33 points (95% CI: 3.53–7.14, combined n = 3,097). Compared with VKAs, treatment with NOACs improved the TSQM-VII Global Satisfaction score by 6.86 points (95% CI: 3.00–10.73, combined n = 5,535).

Conclusion In patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism, NOAC treatment is associated with greater satisfaction compared with VKAs. The switch from VKAs to NOACs was associated with improved patients' satisfaction. These effects were largely due to a lower degree of treatment burden with NOAC treatment.
Research on Surface Modeling of Turbo Vane of Vehicle Based on NURBS
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyun , Song Xuding , Zhao Yueling
Published: November 2020

In order to verify the induced inverse matrix equation for the control vertices of quartic NURBS curve and to improve the construction accuracy and fairness of complex twisted surface, this work constructed the bi-quartic NURBS surface of turbo vane of vehicle with NURBS technology in MATLAB. The bi-quartic NURBS vane of turbo was reconstructed in CATIA. The results were compared with the bi-cubic NURBS surface of vane in the same data, and the bi-cubic NURBS surface were constructed with the current inverse matrix equation for the control vertices of cubic NURBS curve. It shows that the constructed surface of vane with the generalized method of modeling of quartic NURBS surface has better accuracy and fairness through analyzing the error and fairness. The work provides the reference for the accurate modeling and the high-accuracy, high-efficiency NC machining of turbo vane in the engineering application.
Programming of the Average Windward Area of Finite Element Fragments Based on MCSPS
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Zhan Renjun , Wang Jiaying
Published: November 2020

In order to obtain the average windward area of the natural fragments in finite element method, a simulation model of the average windward area is established based on the Monte Carlo Subdivision Projection Method. The projection boundary of the fragments is obtained. Based on the cross multiplication, the simulation program of the windward area of the FE natural fragment is compiled. According to the concave and convex polygon vertices of the different quadrants, the average windward area of the finite element fragments is solved. The results show that the average windward area simulation program based on cross multiplication is applicable to the area of concave and convex polygons; the results of different quadrants of the same polygon are exactly the same; the program is applicable to the average windward area of simulation fragments with arbitrary irregular shape.
MBSE-based Modeling Technology for Aircraft Assembly Tooling Design Demand
Authors: Li Xining , Jiang Bo
Published: November 2020

According to the detailed process of the development of the aircraft assembly tooling, a multi-level analysis of the user needs of the tooling is carried out through the concept decomposition and classification of the requirements. Firstly the specification system of the tooling requirements is established, so a clear link is constructed between the user requirements of the tooling and the system requirements. Secondly the demand transformation method based on QFD is proposed in order to the mapping model of demand transformation is constructed. Finally the description method of requirement model is established based on SysML.
Modelling and Simulation for the Electro-optic Characteristics of BaTiO3 Crystal Film Waveguide with Complementary Push-pull Polarization Modulations
Authors: Sun Na , Sun Degui , Luo Mengxi , Han Yue , Chen Chen
Published: November 2020

BaTiO3 crystal films, possessing the advanced electro-optic (EO) properties, have been activating a broad interest in research and development of EO modulators for optic-fibre communications. However, the accurate measurements for the key physical parameter, the EO coefficient, is still at unoriented state. In this work, a BaTiO3 crystal film is grown on a magnesium oxide (MgO) crystal substrate and a device structure having an ultrahigh two-dimensional (2D) optic-electric field interaction is designed to conduct the synchronous measurements for the EO coefficient r
51 and the birefringence b

eo
of the BaTiO3 crystal film with an intra-guide push-pull modulation of linear polarization. As a result, the average values of 570±2pm/V and -0.0135±0.0007 of r
51 and b

eo
are obtained, respectively. Furthermore, a theoretical model for analysing the measurement accuracies of r
51 and b
eo, and the accuracy dependences on the drive voltage and optic-electric interaction efficiency are studied, leading to an efficient way to developing the high-speed BaTiO3 crystal film EO modulators.
Modeling and Simulation of the Effects of Steel Casing Confinements on Formation of Explosively Formed Projectile
Authors: Ding Li , Jiang Jianwei , Men Jianbing , Wang Shuyou
Published: November 2020

LS-DYNA software is used to model and simulate the effects of thickness and length of steel casing on the forming status of EFP specifically, and then a theoretical model is established to explain the forming mechanism and calculate the velocity of EFP. The following conclusion can be obtained. (1) The thicker steel cased charge can provide more impulse to the liner in EFP’s forming process. A formula of f(M/C) is fitted to estimate the steel casing effect on the velocity of EFP; (2)In order to get an EFP with higher solidity it is not necessary for the casing to fully cover the liner and charge, and when L
C/L
0 reaches to 35%, the obtained value of η can be as much as that when the casing fully cover the liner and charge with acceptable velocity range. And 65% of the casing mass can be lightened to reduce the weight of EFP charge structure; (3) A theoretical model to calculate the velocity of cased EFP based on the theory of instantaneous detonation is put forward to explain the mechanism of EFP’s forming process and calculate the velocity of EFP. The research results are significant in the design of light weight EFP warhead, and the theoretical model is easy and convenient of calculate the velocity of EFP with different steel cased charge structure, which can be used to provide reference for researchers in the design of EFP.
VQA Model Based on Image Descriptive Paragraph and Deep Integration of BERT
Authors: Wu Zhaochang , Zhang Jianing , Zhang Huajie , Chen Yunfang
Published: November 2020

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a fast developing field involving multiple disciplines, and it is constantly challenging more complex tasks. The classic combination of CNN+LSTM can effectively extract images and language representation to complete the VQA task, but there are still many problems, such as excessively long sequence processing, etc. In recent years, BERT model has expanded rapidly from the field of natural language processing to a broader multi-modal field with its strong learning ability. In this paper, we propose a novel way to apply BERT model in the VQA field. We use the descriptive paragraph generation technology to transform the picture into a text paragraph description, and integrate question information and image information on BERT model. Our model achieves an excellent performance on the VQA2.0 dataset with an overall accuracy 5% higher than previous models.
Key Technique of Almost Exact Simulation for Non-affine Heston Model
Authors: Liang Xingyin , Sun Youfa , Yao Yuhang
Published: November 2020

In order to sample asset price more accurately under the non-affine Heston model in the situation where the Feller condition was unsatisfied, we proposed the key technique of almost exact simulation for non-affine Heston model, by fusing the approximate analytic solution of conditional variance characteristic function, the second-order Newton’s method and interpolation method. Numerical results on four representative benchmarks show that our newly proposed simulation scheme has both good convergence and accuracy, which are much better than those of the Itô-Taylor schemes. Especially, our scheme performs well in the case where the Feller condition is extremely unsatisfied, while the alternatives don’t work.
Seismic Hydrodynamic Pressure on Concrete Bridge Pier with Submerged Depth from a Set of Shaking Table Model Tests
Authors: Liu Haiming , Tao Xiaxin , Tao Zhengru , Qin Yifang
Published: November 2020

To study the variation of hydrodynamic pressure on concrete bridge pier with submerged depth in water, a series of shaking table model tests are completed recently. The result shows that the pressures increase with submerged depth obviously with a similar rate for all pier models, input direction combinations and total water depths. The hydrodynamic pressures and the rates increase with the total water depth and input intensity. The pressures on the three models with cross section, rectangular, elliptic and variable rectangular, are varied and different from the provision on the shape coefficient of pier in seismic design codes of highway bridges. The effect of the absorbing stuff adopted in the tests to reduce the potential reflection wave is not obvious. The result suggests to fix more sensors not only at central and but also along the edge lines, to examine the potential horizontal variation of pressures on upstream faces of the piers with different section shapes and the reflected wave must be eliminated with some new way in future test to close to the reality.
Role Workflow Model Applied to Multi Node Fog Computing System
Authors: Wu Chenhan , Wang Feng , Chen Xiong
Published: November 2020

A role task scheduling method for fog computing system based on behavior flow is proposed. As traditional computing has shift from face data to the edge of the distributed computing, task scheduling method by establishing the role behavior flow system, the role of the resource node cooperation behaviors definition and role of organization behavior, and set up from center to edge the role behavior of flow pattern, enables the compute nodes according to their respective role behavior line classification processing. Therefore, it can effectively solve the problems of slow service response, high power consumption and frequent task interruption caused by large data volume and redundant operation in the traditional cloud computing system.
Visual Question Answering Based on Question Attention Model
Authors: Zhang Jianing , Wu Zhaochang , Zhang Huajie , Chen Yunfang
Published: November 2020

Visual Question Answer (VQA), the natural language question of Visual images, has become popular in the field of artificial intelligence. At present, most of the VQA models extract the whole image features, which consume a large amount of computation and have a complex structure. In this paper, we propose a VQA method based on question attention model. Firstly, the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is used to extract image features from the input images, and the question text is processed by the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Then, we design a question attention module to let the learning algorithm focus on the most relevant features of the input text. According to question features, our method utilities the attention module to add the corresponding weights to the image features and extract the meaningful information for the generation of answer sequence words. Our method performed significantly better than the LSTMQ+I model on the MS COCO visual question answer (VQA) dataset with an accuracy improvement of 2%.
Coordination Model Research Based on Command Decision Joint Intension
Authors: Liu Jinguang
Published: November 2020

Command Decision Simulation (CDS) is not only an important and difficult issue in the field of simulation, but also a technique issue to be tackled in the course of collective Modeling and Simulation in Joint Operations Experiment Center. CDS can give support to all kinds of simulation. Using computer to realize the Blue side’s command decision automatic execution in the operation training simulation system can improve training effect. Using computer to realize the lower level command unit’s automatic command decision can help to reduce the number of controllers and liberate them from heavy work. It can also enlarge simulation scale and increase the freedom of the simulation entity especially the command entity, thus enhance the authenticity and credibility of the simulation. On the basis of the command decision structure and the Joint Intention Theory, the thesis puts forward the method of making use of Coordination Matrix (CM) to realize cooperation among the entities in CDS and constructs the calculation sketch of Task Execution, Task Monitoring and Task Replanning. At the same time, the thesis brings forward the CDS structure vision based on Partial Global Planning(PGP).As CM is an indispensable part of combat simulation, the theory and method of CDS will become an important part for the theory of Combat Simulation.
Modeling Thunderstorm Based on Paralleled and Improved Naive Bayes
Authors: Zhou Chengdong , Li Leixiao , Wang Hui , Liu Shuang
Published: November 2020

Aiming at improving the low efficiency and inaccuracy of the traditional thunderstorm prediction model, a paralleled and improved naive Bayesian thunderstorm prediction model SPNBC is proposed. The native Bayesian classifier (NBC) model assumes that the attribute data set is independent, which leads to inaccurate prediction. The principal component analysis algorithm is used to optimize the Bayesian algorithm to build PNBC. First, a new attribute data set is constructed by the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm to eliminate the dependency between attributes, and a naive Bayesian classifier is constructed on the new attribute data set. Secondly, SPNBC is obtained by parallel design of PNBC based on spark framework to improve the time efficiency. Finally, taking the thunderstorm prediction in Hohhot as the application background, the accuracy rate, false alarm rate, speedup ratio and scalability ratio were used to analyze the experiment. The experimental results show that the SPNBC of this paper is better than the traditional naive Bayes algorithm and neural network algorithm, and the prediction accuracy rate and empty alarm rate are larger when dealing with massive data Performance advantages.
An Analysis of Patent Application for TCM Intervention Treatment of Immune Diseases—Take China and Guangdong Province Patent as an Example
Authors: Pang Hongshen , Lin Can , Qin Xiaochu , Guo Chen , Sun Qi , Xu Xiaoqi , Song Yibing , Wang Lu
Published: November 2020

Immune diseases are a great threat to people’s health. As a crucial component of Chinese medicine, TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) has many similarities with modern immune disease treatment in basic thinking and theory. Recently, it is found that TCM treatment has a positive effect on immune diseases treatment. To support the innovation and breakthrough of immune disease treatment, our paper focuses on the analysis of TCM intervention treatment of immune disease patents in China and Guangdong Province, respectively. It makes early warnings about patent risk management. Through the analysis, we figured out that there were three features in common: (1)the quantity of patent application in this area rose swiftly since 2013; (2) the main category of patent technology were concentrated on A61K36 group; (3) corporations and institutions were dominated applicants;(4) In China, the applicants were geographically centralized in Shandong, Beijing, Jiangsu; In Guangdong, the applicants generally assembled in Guangzhou, Dongguan, Foshan. In conclusion, there is a lack of core patents in this field. From the perspective of patent layout, Guangdong needs to increase foreign patent applications and develop more core patents to enhance its competitiveness in TCM intervention treatment of immune diseases.
Model NOx Emissions Emitted from Coal-fired Boilers Based on Differential Evolution Fast Learning Network
Authors: Shen Zhiwen , Li Qingwei
Published: November 2020

Low NOx combustion optimization is a simple, efficient and inexpensive NOx emission reduction technology for coal-fired power plants. Establishing NOx prediction model is an important part of this technology. Fast learning network (FLN) is an improved neural network proposed in recent years, which is simple and efficient. However, randomly generated hidden layer thresholds and input weights would affect the performance of FLN. To solve this problem, differential evolution (DE) algorithm is employed to optimize hidden layer thresholds and input weights. The proposed model was applied to some 330MW coal-fired boiler together with FLN. Each model was repeated 51 times to consider the randomness of both models caused by the randomness of DE algorithm and the stochastic initialization of the original FLN. Results showed that the model has better generalization ability, retaining the good approximation ability and stability. Besides, optimization process of the proposed model is very fast and fit for online combustion optimization.
A Lexical Dependency Probability Model for Mongolian Based On Integration of Morphological and Syntactic Features
Authors: Loglo S.
Published: November 2020

Syntactic parsing is an important topic in the field of Mongolian language information processing. Compared with English and Chinese dependency parsing, Mongolian dependency parsing is still at the beginning stage. Mongolian syntactic parsing lack of Treebank resources seriously, under such conditions, a high quality syntactic parser cannot be developed by statistical methods simply. Aiming at the characteristics that Mongolian language has rich morphological features, this paper presented a rule and statistics-based dependency parsing model using Mongolian Dependency Treebank as training and evaluation data. The morphological and syntactic rules are represented using complex features and unification operations. The statistical model is represented using lexical dependent probability. This model has now achieved accuracies of 77.18%, 69.42% and 95.44% for the unlabelled annotation score, the labeled annotation score and the head word annotation score respectively.
2D Inversion of Frequency-domain Electromagnetic Data Generated by Line Current Source
Authors: Deng Xiaokang , Tong Xiaozhong
Published: November 2020

The inversion of electromagnetic data is an inherently non-unique and unstable problem due to the data noises and incomplete data coverage, which means different geo-electrical models could fit the observed data at the same level. A stable solution of an ill-posed inverse problem can be obtained by the regularization methods in which some desired structure are imposed to stabilize the inverse problem. We have developed an algorithm to invert frequency-domain electromagnetic data generated by a line current source for a 2D model of the earth. To stabilize the inversion, we adopt a smoothness-constraint approach for the model parameters and adjust the regularization parameter objectively using an adaptive regularization parameter technique. For calculating the sensitivities using any of the accurate methods will be very time-consuming, we applied the adjoint-equation approximate method. By means of the numerical examples using synthetic data, we have demonstrated that the inversion method can be effectively to reconstruct the subsurface resistivity structure.
E-Learning in the Courses on “Electromagnetics”, “Radio Wave Propagation” and “Electromagnetic Fields and Waves”
Authors: Semenikhin Andrei I , Semenikhina Diana V , Yukhanov Yuri V
Published: November 2020

The features of the educational and methodological software of E-Learning in the courses on “Electromagnetics”, “Radio Wave Propagation”, “Electromagnetic Fields and Waves” at the Southern Federal University (Russia), are considered. The electronic content MWLab EMPW of the type of online learning laboratory was developed, which allows you to organize online lectures, practical and laboratory classes, as well as self-monitoring and online knowledge control. A distinctive feature of the content is the use of video-clips of electromagnetic processes and virtual models of laboratory setups developed using Ansys HFSS. They clearly explain the formation in space and the change in time of the field lines and the values of the field vectors. This compensates for students’ difficulties in understanding the complex mathematical apparatus and the spatial-time nature of the processes of radiation and wave propagation, and increases interest in learning. E-Learning can be carried out on the MS Teams platform using the functionality of meetings and other interaction tools between the teacher and students.
Finite Element Simulation of Residual Stress around Split Sleeve Cold Expanded Hole for AA7075
Authors: Zhang Teng , Du Xu , He Yuting , Ma Binlin , Zhang Tianyu
Published: November 2020

Split sleeve hole cold extrusion strengthening technology is one of the most commonly used fatigue resistance technology for metal structures. The residual stress field of the hole cold extrusion strengthening structure needs to be analysed, which is an important part of the fatigue life study. Finite element analysis for the 7075 aluminum alloy cold extrusion strengthening plate is carried out in this paper. The effects of split sleeve and reaming process are considered in the analysis process, and the residual stress field at the hole edge is obtained. The numerical results are verified by the experimental results, which show that the two are in good agreement. It is show that the residual stress is the compressive stress near the extrusion hole while the tensile stress far away from the extrusion hole. Additionally, the compressive stress value is the largest in the middle layer, the smallest in the squeeze layer, and the value in the extrude layer is between the two.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation Studies of Failure Behaviour of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Laminates under Transverse Local Quasi-static Loading
Authors: Huang Teng , Huang Yaxin , Lin Yuan , Yin Xuezhi
Published: November 2020

This paper investigated the failure behaviour of medium thick carbon fibre reinforced aluminium laminates (CARALL) panels under transverse local quasi-static contact crush experimentally and numerically. Four types of CARALL specimens with a 3/2 configuration were manufactured by hot-pressing process using two type of aluminium alloys (2024-T3, 7075-T6 aluminium alloy) and CFRPs with different lay-up ([0°/90°/0°]3, [45°/0°/-45°]3). Three dimensional Hashin progressive failure model in quadratic strain form with damage evolution laws defined by subroutine VUMAT based on ABAQUS was used to simulate the composite layers. The bilinear cohesive contact model was used to predict interfacial failure. Aluminium alloys were defined by Johnson-Cook model. Numerical predictions composing of load-deflection curves and failure mode were matched closely with experimental results. The results of the analysis shown that delamination in CFRP/Al interfaces was the initial damage of the tested CARALL panels. Matrix failure occurred after the delamination closely. The maximum load bearing was determined by fracture of aluminium alloy. Fibre breakage was responsible for complete failure of specimens.
Simulation Aided Design of Solar-Powered UAV
Authors: Xiao Wei , Zheng Zhicheng , Fan Qiongjian , Li Xiaolong
Published: November 2020

This paper describes a distributed flight dynamic simulation method. It needs reasonable computing resources, and can be applied in the design process of solar-powered UAV. A flight dynamics model is established based on the Hamilton’s principle, with the simulation model, this paper discussed the flight characteristics of the large aspect ratio flexible solar-powered UAV, and the influence of different design schemes, then proposed a simulation aided design method, which can be used to select design parameters of the solar-powered UAV, it can also provide reference for similar UAV design.