bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of software tools for statistical tests of genetic association with rare variants using next generation sequence data
Authors: Shankar Ravi Girikematha , Jorgensen Andrea , Morris Andrew
Published: September 2022

Various statistical methods can be applied when undertaking analyses of association of human disease and traits with rare genetic variants in next generation sequence (NGS) datasets, depending on the phenotype of interest. The choice of open source software tools and packages to implement such methods are plentiful with varying features and available options, which makes it challenging for the end users to choose between different alternatives. The literature was searched to identify tools developed for rare variant association analysis in NGS datasets and a summary compiled. Each tool has its own features, advantages and limitations when considering factors such as efficiency, stability, user documentation and support. EPACTS, RVtests, and VAT are widely used standalone packages that offer flexible, efficient implementation of many statistical tests together with quality control procedures. R packages including SKAT and SAIGE-GENE are useful as they can utilise freely available libraries for data analysis and visualization. It is important for any existing packages to implement tests newly proposed in the literature to stay relevant in terms of use, but very few of them are updated actively. The results of this comparative review will provide guidance to researchers wishing to undertake genetic association analyses with rare variants using NGS data, and allow them to choose a suitable tool.
Mùa thu nhớ Bác
Authors: Quý Khúc Văn
Published: September 2022

Mùa thu về nhớ Bác khôn nguôi. Trong không khí đón Tết độc lập của dân tộc tâm hồn ta như thấy được ấm áp và vui hơn, chúng ta càng yêu quý và kính trọng Người… (Khúc Văn Quý, Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội)
Differential expression of RANGAP1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of RANGAP1, encoding Ran GTPase activating protein 1, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). RANGAP1 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Differential expression of HIST1H2BH in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of HIST1H2BH, encoding histone cluster 1, H2bh, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). HIST1H2BH transcript was present at significantly higher levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Implicit gender bias in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes type-2: a vignette study.
Authors: Skvortsova Aleksandrina , Meeuwis Stefanie H , Vos Rimke C. , Vos Hedwig , van Middendorp Henriët , Veldhuijzen Dieuwke S. , Evers Andrea W.M.
Published: September 2022

AimsImplicit gender biases (IGB) are unconscious evaluations about a person based on gender. IGBs of healthcare providers may affect medical decision making. This study investigated whether the genders of patients and general practitioners (GPs) and IGBs influence diagnostics and treatment decisions in the context of diabetes mellitus type-2 (DMII). Methods99 GPs participated in the study. Implicit Associations Tasks were used to measure two IGBs, related to lifestyle (i.e., women have a healthier lifestyle than men) and communication (i.e., men are less communicative than women). Clinical decisions regarding DMII were measured with vignettes, that included a fictional male or female patient case. ResultsFemale GPs exhibited a significant lifestyle IGB (p<.001). GPs of both genders exhibited a significant communication IGB (p<.001). Several associations between IGBs and clinical decisions were found. The gender of the vignette patient affected several outcomes, e.g., GP’s were less certain in the DMII-diagnosis when the patient was a woman (p<.001).ConclusionWe demonstrated that GPs have IGBs and these biases as well as patient’s gender affect decisions of GP’s when they are solving a DMII vignette case. Future research is needed to understand the most important consequences of IGBs in the context of DMII.
Tuntaskan Intoleransi Beragama di Indonesia
Authors: Qosim Nanang
Published: September 2022

Sungguh sangat ironis tatkala manusia Indonesia mengaku berideologi Pancasila, tak lagi mengamalkan nilai sila pertama Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Agama hanya menjadi tameng untuk melakukan intoleransi dengan dalih menegakkan kebenarannya. Tak cuma itu, akibat pemahaman yang dangkal dan sempit terhadap Pancasila, muncul gerakan radikalisme yang ingin mengubah dengan ideologi agama. Tentu saja itu bertentangan dengan ajaran Pancasila sendiri. “Republik Indonesia bukan negara agama, tetapi negara nasonal, dalam arti meliputi seluruh badannya natie Indonesia,” kata Bung Karno.Atas nama pemahaman dan keyakinan beragama, sebagian di antara kita tega untuk menganggap mereka yang berbeda harus dipinggirkan dan dizalimi. Kebenaran yang diperjuangkan terasa begitu dangkal. Harga diri manusia menjadi sedemikian murah. Ketenangan orang lain tak diindahkan. Beragam berita mengenai penyerangan berkedok agama terhadap kaum minoritas di Tanah Air merupakan perlawanan terhadap kebinekaan, keberagaman, dan hukum alam. Kita sering terpaku pada stereotipe bahwa kekuatan massa merupakan alat penekan yang seolah-olah berada di atas hukum. Hasilnya hanyalah kerusakan, kesengsaraan, penderitaan, dendam, dan trauma berkepanjangan. Kenyataan itu masih menunjukkan bahwa persoalan keagamaan masih rawan terhadap segala upaya pemaksaan dan kekerasan.
Entropic Information Theory: The Entangled Informational Universe
Authors: denis olivier
Published: September 2022

From the perspective of quantum gravity research, since the archetypal quantum gravitational object, the black hole, was accidentally found function as a thermodynamic system, it is certainly natural to suggest that the secret of quantum gravity may lie in thermodynamic analysis. Until now, it was not possible to express the gravitational fine-grained entropy of a black hole using the rules of gravity. However, the black holes entropic information formula fills this gap by allowing a semi-classical gravitational approach to express the gravitational fine-grained entropy of black hole. The black holes entropic information formula calculates the entropy of Hawking radiation as the entangled information of the initial considered black hole, this down to the quantum level of the system, the degrees of freedom describing the black hole, and this independently of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy area law, providing a sufficient microscopic description of how this entropy arises, showing that the process of black holes evaporation is consistent with the unitarity principle. Also, this approach avoids ultraviolet divergences. These perspectives must be understood like the fine-grained entropy formulas discovered by Ryu and Takayanagi. In fact, the black hole entropy turns out to be a special case of the Ryu-Takayanagi conjecture. The Ryu-Takayanagi formula being a general formula for the fine-grained entropy of gravity-coupled quantum systems. That put the accent on the emergence quantum gravity process through the fundamentality of the entangled quantum information.
A Corpus Based Study of 13 Reasons Why Netflix Series: Implications for School Mental Health Professionals
Authors: Zooi Rachel Ware , Dykeman Cass
Published: September 2022

Unlike typical teen dramas streaming at the time, the 2017 season one premiere of 13 Reasons Why (13RW) activated discourse, controversy, and impact studies on a global scale. Most of the public debate centered around the portrayal of Hannah Baker’s suicide. The purpose of this study was to gain understanding of the significance of 13RW in terms of known verbal indicators of suicidality and to consider related implications for current school-based prevention practice. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software was used to analyze 13RW season one dialogue across 21 relevant word use categories. The selected variables spanned three variable types: broad psycholinguistic processes, linguistic processes, and psychological processes. The statistical analysis was the log-likelihood ratio test with risk ratio utilized to determine effect size. Results revealed significant differences between 13RW and modern television dialogue norms in nine of the postulated suicidality indicator variables. The most substantial differences were found in broad psycholinguistic and psychological process categories. By comparison, 13RW featured low analytic thinking and high authenticity measures with references to friend (friend, neighbor, guys) and present focus (today, is, now) word categories over one and a half times greater than the reference norm. This study highlights the value of incorporating popular culture artifacts and current psycholinguistic research toward understanding complex societal problems such as adolescent suicide. Implications for school-based suicide prevention include support for the incorporation of core language analysis concepts to strengthen evidence-based practices and efficiency.
Distinguishing social cynicism from belief in a zero sum game: Confirmatory factor analysis of the social axioms scale
Authors: Crone Damien , Różycka-Tran Joanna , Levy Neil L
Published: September 2022

Social axioms – generalized beliefs about the social world – have been a prominent topic in cross-cultural psychology for decades. Recent research has expanded the taxonomy of social axioms from the original five axioms to include a sixth axiom, Belief in a Zero Sum Game (BZSG). As yet, however, there exist no studies evaluating the empirical separability of BZSG from the conceptually similar social axiom of Social Cynicism (SC). Here, we present the first factor analytic investigation of the separability of SC and BZSG in the short form of the Social Axioms Survey in a sample of 730 United States residents. Across all analyses, we find that the two axioms are factor analytically separable, yet strongly positively correlated, suggesting that researchers can (with care) proceed with research using the short form Social Axioms Survey to disentangle the causes, consequences and correlates of these two social axioms.
Penilaian Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas 5ABCDE MI NU TBS Kudus Topik Kecepatan
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: September 2022

Penilaian Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas 5ABCDE MI NU TBS Kudus Topik Kecepatan
सुखसत्ता निबन्धको सङ्कथन विश्लेषण {Syntax Analysis of Sukhasatta Essay}
Authors: Khaniya Buddha Raj
Published: September 2022

अभिव्यक्तिको सबैभन्दा माथिल्लो एकाइ सङ्कथनलाई यस लेखको अध्ययनीय विषयका रूपमा लिइएको छ । यस लेखको मुख्य उद्देश्य सुखसत्ता निबन्धको सङ्कथन विश्लेषण गर्नु रहेको छ । यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक अनुसन्धानको पुस्तकालयीय अध्ययनमा आधारित छ । यसमा सम्बद्धकका आधारमा मात्र सुखसत्ता निबन्धको सङ्कथन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यहाँ सार्वनामिक, स्थानिक, कालिक, संयोजन, पुनरावृत्ति र लोपका आधारमा व्याकरणिक सम्बद्धक र पर्यायवाची, विपरीतार्थी, समावेशी र सन्निधानका आधारमा कोशीय सम्बद्धकहरूको सङ्कथन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अनुसार सुखसत्ता निबन्धमा त्रिचालिस ओटा सार्वनामिक सम्बद्धक, अठार ओटा स्थानिक सम्बद्धक, तेर ओटा कालिक सम्बद्धक, पन्ध्र ओटा संयोजक प्रयोग भएको पाइन्छ भने पैँतिस ओटा भाषिक आइटम तिन पटकदेखि छब्बिस पटकसम्म पुनरावृत्ति र आठ ओटा भाषिक अंश विभिन्न सन्दर्भमा लोप भएको पाइन्छ । त्यसैगरी सो निबन्धमा दश जोडी पर्यायवाची, पाँच जोडी विपरीतार्थी, पाँच जोडी समावेशी समावेश्य र आठ जोडी सन्निधान कोशीय सम्बद्धकहरू प्रयोग भएको पाइन्छ । यस किसिमले सुखसत्ता निबन्धमा प्रयोग भएका व्याकरणिक सम्बद्धकहरूले व्यक्त विचारलाई कतै विस्तार गर्न, कतै स्पष्टीकरण दिन, त कतै विकल्प दर्साउन, विपरीत स्थिति देखाउन, तुलना गर्न, कार्य कारण दर्साउन लगायत विभिन्न सम्बन्ध जनाउन मद्दत गरेका छन् । त्यस्तै कोशीय सम्बद्धकले सो निबन्धमा व्यक्त विषयवस्तुलाई सिलसिलाबद्ध गर्न सहयोग गरेका छन् । यसरी ‘सुखसत्ता’ मा प्रयोग भएका विभिन्न किसिमका सम्बद्धकहरूले निबन्धलाई सरल, सरस र सम्प्रेषणीय बनाउन मद्दत गरेका छन् ।
Thado Bhaka: A Source of Social Intercourse
Authors: Dura Yam Bahadur , Neupane Binod
Published: September 2022

Thado bhaka is one of the popular genres of folk songs in the Gandaki region. The territory of the Gandaki region is extended from Budhigandaki in the east to Kaligandaki in the west. Thado bhaka is the diminishing musical genre. The habitual and experienced performers of thado bhaka are dying out. These days a handful of people from the old and new generations are capable of performing it. This article aims at introducing thado bhaka connecting it to its history, nature, and style. Observation, interview and secondary sources were used to collect information for this study. It is found that thado bhaka has a typical tune, language, style and meaning and become an identity of the Dura people of the Gandaki region. However, the study has pointed out some influences on its originality because of the growing wave of modernisation, especially after the development of electronic instruments.
Influence of Casteism in Modern Nepal: A Sociological Perspective
Authors: GC Ram
Published: September 2022

Casteism is a hierarchical phenomenon where prejudice occurs on the basis of caste superiority. It occurs disparity and injustice among human beings. So, the New Civil Code declared the practice of untouchability illegal. But the practice of caste discrimination is still existed in the various spheres of life in Hindu society. In this article, I have tried to present the structure of the caste system as it is manifested in the context of Nepal and discussed the pattern of social discrimination faced by the people. The objective of this paper is to analyze these practices as they occur in the domestic domain and community life. Casteism is still practiced especially in the rural communities of Nepal despite the law declaring it illegal in the New Civil Code in 1963. More specifically, this paper is intent on deepening an understanding of the factors of casteism so people of touchable castes perceive that they or their objects become polluted if touched by a member of Dalit. Given this context, this article also attempts to highlight the role played by society in shaping the contents and structure of caste-based relations
The Two Worlds of Palliative Care: Bridging the Gap with Nepal
Authors: Sutcliffe Simon B. , Bains Puneet , Black Fraser , Broughton Sandra S. , Brown Stuart , Colgan Simon , Doherty Megan E. , Fyles Gillian , Love Robin , Palat Gayatri , Paudel Bishnu , Russell Charles , Sundby Leslie , Watson Max
Published: September 2022

Despite past geo-political turbulence, Nepal has made significant progress in societal and economic initiatives, particularly in relation to social determinants of health. These improvements, however, belie the suffering of those with life-limiting disease due to pain, stigma, social and financial distress, consequent upon low patient, caregiver and health professional awareness of the need for, and availability of, appropriate care and support. Two Worlds Cancer Collaboration (INCTR-Canada) has been working with partners in Nepal to build capacity for palliative care by: (a) organizational and administrative support – establishing the Nepal Association of Palliative Care (NAPCare), and the creation of the Nepal Strategy for Palliative Care, approved by government in 2017; (b) “twinning” between 2 hospital palliative care units in Nepal and the Nanaimo Hospice and Victoria Hospice, BC, Canada; (c) sustainable growth of palliative care according to WHO foundational measures, implementing facility-based clinical programs, and home-based care aligned with the cultural, social, and economic environment of Nepal; (d) training of health professionals in adult and paediatricpalliative carethrough interactive on-line “distance learning” (Extension of Community Healthcare Outcomes, ECHO);(e) leveraging palliative care training and expertise across the government health system, and (f) local and international support to build a newfacility for Hospice Nepal to provide more support for more patients in a rural ambience on the outskirts of Kathmandu. Palliative care needs to become standard-of-care, providing peace, comfort and dignity for adults and children. Working collaboratively with partners in Nepal, the collective vision is a capable professional Nepali community leading palliative care services for all in need, wherever in need.
A Study on the Meaning of Supply and Production in the Housing Market
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Academy, Kim Seung Wook
Published: September 2022

(1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to argue that supply in the housing market should be viewed as a concept that combines the production of new housing and the sale of existing housing (existing housing supply)and to expand the concept of supply in the housing market considering interest rates and financial markets in terms of housing investment goods.
(2) RESEARCH METHOD This study adopted the existing theoretical literature review and I added my thoughts to it.
(3) RESEARCH FINDINGS I argued that the logic that supply is used similarly to production in general economics should be used in a clear distinction between production and supply in the housing market because of the properties of housing, such as permanence, buoyancy, and immobility.
2. RESULTS Considering that housing has characteristics such as durability, permanence, buoyancy, and immobility, unlike general goods, it is hoped that this new discussion on supply will help to understand the housing market and establish correct real estate policies.
Spatial Change of Commercial Area around Hongdae in Seoul
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Academy, Kim Hye Lim , Hong Sungjo
Published: September 2022

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Recently, the spatial structure of commercial areas is rapidly changing. This phenomenon is of increasing interest as it relates to commercial gentrification. However, most of the previous studies that analyzed changes in commercial areas targeted a single time period or analyzed changes within a single commercial area. There are insufficient studies to detect spatial expansion of commercial districts and analyze their characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial change of the commercial area around Hongdae, Seoul.
(2) RESEARCH METHOD In this study, 38 commercial areas located around Hongdae were set as the spatial range and 2000-2019 was set as the temporal range. And opening and closing data of stores located within the spatial range were used as data for the study. As an analysis method, the center point, standard deviation distance, and standard deviation ellipse model that can confirm the spatial movement of commercial areas were used.
(3) RESEARCH FINDINGS The research findings of this study are as follows. First, the movement patterns of the commercial areas around Hongdae differ depending on the store type. The expansion of the Hongdae area occurred mainly through cafes. Third, it is difficult to specify the direction of store opening and closing.
2. RESULTS The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, the change in the center point of store opening & closing that occurs in the commercial areas around Hongdae is divided into two patterns. This is a pattern that moves from Hongdae to Mangwon, Hapjeong, and Yeonnam-dong, and a pattern that shows no significant change near Hongdae. Second, the standard deviation distance of cafe opening increases, which means that the expansion of commercial areas near Hongdae is mainly through cafes. Third, it is difficult to confirm a clear change in the degree of deflection in the standard deviation elliptic model. Therefore, it is difficult to confirm the tendency of the opening and closing of stores in a specific direction.
A study on the effect of resident perception of urban regeneration project on local identity and resident satisfaction
Authors:   Korea Real Estate Academy, In Sung Ho
Published: September 2022

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of urban regeneration project and to examine how local residents perceive the urban regeneration project. In addition, this study tried to find out how the perception of impact of urban regeneration projects affects local identity and resident satisfaction, and how local identity affects resident satisfaction.
(2) RESEARCH METHOD As a research method, to verify the structural equation model, which has the advantage that measurement errors can be controlled and statistical evaluation of the theoretical model is possible, first, the error of the measurement model is corrected through confirmation factor analysis, and then path analysis was performed. . In addition, reliability and validity were reviewed based on the results of the confirmation factor analysis. For data analysis in this study, social science statistical package program SPSS 21.0 was used, and AMOS 21.0 was used for the structural equation model.
(3) RESEARCH DIFFERENCES Although factors and influence relationships such as awareness, understanding, and satisfaction of local residents must be taken into account for a successful urban regeneration project, an analysis of the influence relationship between the residents in the adjacent urban regeneration project area has not been conducted. Therefore, in this study, This study analyzed how the perception of the impact of the recently active urban regeneration project on local residents affects the local identity and resident satisfaction of the local residents.
2. RESULTS The results of the study through empirical analysis are summarized as follows. First, it was confirmed that the residents' perception of impact (environmental, social, economic) of the urban regeneration project had a statistically positive (+) effect on local identity. These results are in line with the results of previous studies by Paasi (2003) and Cho Jang-hyeon (2017). Second, it was confirmed that regional identity had a statistically positive (+) effect on resident satisfaction. These research results are also in line with the research results of Raagmaa (2002), Kim Seon-ah, Lee Eui-jin, and Hong Kyung-gu (2018). Third, it was confirmed that the resident perception of the urban regeneration project had a statistically positive (+) effect on resident satisfaction. These results are in line with the results of previous studies by Fitzgerald & Durant (1980), Joo Ik-hyeon, Koo Bon-mi, and Chae Cheol-gyun (2020).
Deep-RIC: Plastic Waste Classification using Deep Learning and Resin Identification Codes (RIC)
Authors: Listyalina Latifah , Yudianingsih Yudianingsih , Soedjono Adjie Wibowo , Utari Evrita Lusiana , Dharmawan Dhimas Arief
Published: September 2022

In this study, the authors designed an algorithm based on deep learning that can automatically classify plastic waste according to Resin Identification Codes (RIC). The proposed algorithm is built through several stages as follows. In the first stage, image acquisition of plastic waste is carried out, which is the input of the designed algorithm. The acquired plastic waste image must display the resin code of the plastic waste to be classified. Furthermore, the acquired image is divided into two sets, namely training and testing sets. The training set contains images of plastic waste used in the training phase of the deep learning architecture DenseNet-121 to identify the resin code of each plastic waste image and classify it into the appropriate class. The training phase is run for 100 epochs, and at each epoch, the cross-entropy loss function is calculated, which expresses the performance of the deep learning architectures in classifying plastic waste images. In the next stage, a trained deep learning architecture is used to classify the plastic waste images from the test set. Classification performance in the test set is also expressed as the cross-entropy loss function value. In addition, the accuracy value has also been calculated, which shows the percentage of the number of plastic waste images successfully classified correctly to the total number of plastic waste images in the test set, which the best accuracy is equal to 85%.
Feasibility Analysis of Information Technology Investment Using Cost Benefit Analysis Method
Authors: Agusdin Riza Prapascatama , Aidil Naufal Nur
Published: September 2022

Objective: One of the strategies that companies can do to survive amid fierce business competition is to invest in IT. Currently all companies need to invest in IT to improve company performance better but usually the budget costs that must be incurred by companies to make IT investments are very large. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the feasibility of IT investment. This study aims to determine how much the costs incurred and the benefits obtained after creating a Social Media Analysis information system and also to find out whether the Social Media Analysis information system development project is feasible or not.Methods: This study uses the Cost Benefit Analysis method where the method compares the components of costs and benefits which are then recommended for a policy on investment projects. The Cost Benefit Analysis method is supported by several calculation criteria such as Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PP), Return On Investment (ROI), and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR).Results: The results showed that the NPV for 5 years was Rp. 300,138,606, PP was 2 years and 11 months, ROI was 9.03%, and BCR was 1.08. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Social Media Analysis information system investment project is feasible to continue.
Possibilities of self-control when drawing and copying in older preschool children with mental retardation (message 2)
Authors: Kovalenko Oksana Mikhailovna
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of correcting mistakes made when drawing and copying by children of older preschool age with mental retardation. This article is a continuation of message 1, which provides options for correcting children of older preschool age with a mental retardation of their drawings in the course of organized self-control. This article presents the ratio of variants of violations of optical-spatial orientation and the possibilities of organized self-control in children of older preschool age with mental retardation.
Traditional Water Fetching Practices, Water Usage, and Scarcity
Authors: Aleena  , Sultana Aneela
Published: September 2022

This study analyzes the traditional water fetching practices,water usage, and scarcity in the Village Kumar Bandi Muzaffarabad.Overall, 93 respondents of the local community of Kumar Bandi were approached. Data has been collected through an interview guide by convenient and purposive sampling. A descriptive model of data collection has been used for acquiring the information. The study draws essential attention to the most critical factor: the abnormal impacts of water fetching on different aspects of water fetching an individual's life, the most important of which is health. The issue of water scarcity has caused damage to religious and traditional local practices besides the danger of whether the water utilized is recommended for use or not. Along with women's health and the educational development of children, Water fetching has adverse effects on people's social, religious, economic, kinship, and cultural life of people.
SWOT Analysis of Kaghan Valley, Mansehra: Some Suggested Measures for Sustainable Tourism Development
Authors: Arif Anas Mahmud , Hameed Abdul , Anwar Adnan
Published: September 2022

Kaghan valley, Mansehra, is one of the topmost tourist destinations in Pakistan. Every year millions of tourists visit this valley. The valley is known for its natural beauty and pleasant weather.Its natural beauty also attracts inbound tourists. Kaghan valley is blessed with immense tourism resources. Some of these resources have already been explored, while many of them are yet to be explored and developed. The valley has a lot of strengths and opportunities for sustainable tourism development, but at the same time, there are a number of weaknesses and threats too. If these weaknesses and threats are not tackled immediately, it will cause a decline in tourism. The current paper is an attempt to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Kaghan valley and suggest some measures to overcome these issues for sustainable tourism development in the valley.
Mélange of Humourism, Judaism and Hebraism in Philip Roth's ‘Goodbye, Columbus': An Analytical Study
Authors: Ahmed Akeel , Yasmin Samina , Iqbal Iqra
Published: September 2022

In the vanguard of rising Jewish ethnicity in America after World War II, Philip Roth penned a novella, 'Goodbye, Columbus'. This incandescently alive novella depicts the embedded flippancy and humor of the lower middle class and upper class. Neil Klugman, a librarian, hailed from Newark. On the other hand, Brenda Patimkin,a college student of an affluent family, lived in Short Hills. Neil, the protagonist and the narrator of the story, falls in love with Brenda.Roth, through the character of Neil, has mildly slated the relationship of Gentiles with other characters. A cursory perusal of the novella also surfaces what elements impelled the writer to show this side ofthe picture regarding the delineation of Jews' internal matters. In this study, we have argued about the novella in terms of its Hebraism and humouristic features; the study has also underpinned how Judaism is reflected in the novella.
Trainee's Motivation to Transfer has Moderating Effect on the Relationship of Trainees Learning and Trainee's Behaviour in Social Enterprises of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Shahid , Tufail Muhammad , Kiran Samra
Published: September 2022

Trainees' learning from training is an important factor for behavior change of the trainees.The current study's aim is to investigate the relationship between trainees' learning and trainee behavior in social enterprises operating in Pakistan. The study further investigates the moderating influence of trainees' motivation to transfer in the relationship amid trainees' learning and trainees' behavior. The questionnaires adopted relevant to variables were distributed among skill certification training program trainees of social enterprises in the cities ranked in the world entrepreneurship index-2018, including Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar and Islamabad. A total of 394 responses to the completed survey questionnaire were received at two-time intervals. Different statistical tools, including Structure equation modelling (SEM) and others, were utilized on the collected data. The study found a significant relationship between trainees' learning and behavior, levels two and three of the Kirkpatrick model.However, the results did not support the second hypothesis of the moderating influence of trainees' motivation to transfer in the relationship between trainees' learning and trainees' behavior in social enterprises of Pakistan.
Observation of Early Childhood Pedagogical Practices in Public Primary Schools
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Naveed , Shafiq Farah , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: September 2022

The study was conducted to explore the early childhood pedagogical practices in public schools. The study was exploratory, and the population of the study was all the ECE teachers of private primary schools in four districts of the Sargodha Division, i.e. Sargodha, Khushab, Mianwali and Bhakkar. A total of 102 ECE schools in four districts of the Sargodha division were selected through convenience sampling, including 23 male and 79 female ECE teachers. An observation Schedule for ECE pedagogical practices was developed and validated through experts’ opinions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data. Major conclusions were that majority of ECE teachers were practicing a good level of pedagogical practices, whereas male and female ECE teachers were equivalent in ECE pedagogical practices. It is recommended that Educational authorities may strictly implement and supervise the public schools' policy of ECE students' healthy social and emotional development through “Maar nahi Piyar”.
Comparative Study of the Education Department of Pakistan with other Departments of the State: A Case Study of School and College Teachers
Authors: Wachani Juliyana Usman , Batool Itrat , Aman Nazia
Published: September 2022

For the growth of any nation, education plays a significant role. Thus the role of a teacher is paramount for running a smooth and active system of education. Jurists, lawyers, legislators, and Engineers. Businessmen, doctors and members of all other professions are the products of the teaching profession. In the guiding principles of the state, the founder of Pakistan has declared education a matter of death and life. But Pakistani society is reluctant to give dignity and honor to the teacher. This research paper aims to know the reasons for the low status of the teacher with respect to honor and facilities as compared to the employees of other departments and to draw the attention of the approachable class to redress this issue. Thus a questionnaire has been framed for 30 mixed males and females having education of M.A, M.Phil. and PhD. The research method is qualitative.
Technical and Vocational Educational Programs: Investigating the Effect on Poverty Reduction
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Habib Zahida , Ali Muhammad Shahid Zulfiqar
Published: September 2022

This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of the T and VE on Poverty Reduction.This was a Quantitative study conducted under the Positivist paradigm. The graduates of the 3-yearsDAE in Electrical and Mechanical programs and the graduates of 1-year Machinist and Computer Certification were selected with Cluster Sampling. It was decided to select 25 percent of the population as the sample for the study. In this way, there were 400 graduates who were selected for the study as a sample.There were 400 graduates from each institute. So, one institute was selected randomly to take an adequate sample size. The data was collected with a closed-ended questionnaire comprising 50 items under 6 factors. Based on the results, it is concluded that a significantly strong effect of T and VE is found on Poverty Reduction
Preoperative flow analysis of arteriovenous malformations and obliteration response after stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Alzate Juan Diego , Berger Assaf , Bernstein Kenneth , Mullen Reed , Qu Tanxia , Silverman Joshua S. , Shapiro Maksim , Nelson Peter K. , Raz Eytan , Jafar Jafar J. , Riina Howard A. , Kondziolka Douglas
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

Morphological and angioarchitectural features of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have been widely described and associated with outcomes; however, few studies have conducted a quantitative analysis of AVM flow. The authors examined brain AVM flow and transit time on angiograms using direct visual analysis and a computer-based method and correlated these factors with the obliteration response after Gamma Knife radiosurgery.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted at a single institution using a prospective registry of patients managed from January 2013 to December 2019: 71 patients were analyzed using a visual method of flow determination and 38 were analyzed using a computer-based method. After comparison and validation of the two methods, obliteration response was correlated to flow analysis, demographic, angioarchitectural, and dosimetric data.

RESULTS

The mean AVM volume was 3.84 cm3 (range 0.64–19.8 cm3), 32 AVMs (45%) were in critical functional locations, and the mean margin radiosurgical dose was 18.8 Gy (range 16–22 Gy). Twenty-seven AVMs (38%) were classified as high flow, 37 (52%) as moderate flow, and 7 (10%) as low flow. Complete obliteration was achieved in 44 patients (62%) at the time of the study; the mean time to obliteration was 28 months for low-flow, 34 months for moderate-flow, and 47 months for high-flow AVMs. Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors predicting obliteration included AVM nidus volume, age, and flow. Adverse radiation effects were identified in 5 patients (7%), and 67 patients (94%) remained free of any functional deterioration during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

AVM flow analysis and categorization in terms of transit time are useful predictors of the probability of and the time to obliteration. The authors believe that a more quantitative understanding of flow can help to guide stereotactic radiosurgery treatment and set accurate outcome expectations.
Initial experience with Pipeline embolization of intracranial pseudoaneurysms in pediatric patients
Authors: Budohoski Karol P. , Thakrar Raj , Voronovich Zoya , Rennert Robert C. , Kilburg Craig , Grandhi Ramesh , Couldwell William T. , Brockmeyer Douglas L. , Taussky Philipp
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE

Flow-diverting devices have been used successfully for the treatment of complex intracranial vascular injuries in adults, but the role of these devices in treating iatrogenic and traumatic intracranial vascular injuries in children remains unclear. The authors present their experience using the Pipeline embolization device (PED) for treating intracranial pseudoaneurysms in children.

METHODS

This single-center retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients with traumatic and iatrogenic injuries to the intracranial vasculature that were treated with the PED between 2015 and 2021. Demographic data, indications for treatment, the number and sizes of PEDs used, follow-up imaging, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTS

Six patients with a median age of 12 years (range 7–16 years) underwent PED placement to treat intracranial pseudoaneurysms. There were 3 patients with hemorrhagic presentation, 2 with ischemia, and 1 in whom a growing pseudoaneurysm was found on angiography. Injured vessels included the anterior cerebral artery (n = 2), the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA, n = 2), the cavernous ICA (n = 1), and the distal cervical ICA (n = 1). All 6 pseudoaneurysms were successfully treated with PED deployment. One patient required re-treatment with a second PED within a week because of concern for a growing pseudoaneurysm. One patient experienced parent vessel occlusion without neurological sequelae.

CONCLUSIONS

Use of the PED is feasible for the management of iatrogenic and traumatic pseudoaneurysms of the intracranial vasculature in children, even in the setting of hemorrhagic presentation.
Use of Novel Biological Agent in Severe Ulcerative Colitis with Poor Response to Initial Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Bhandari Abashesh , Basnet Bhupendra Kumar
Published: September 2022

Ulcerative colitis is a condition of chronic inflammation affecting the large intestine. The disease is typically characterized by periods of active inflammation alternating with periods of remission. For patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, the first line for induction therapy options includes biologic agents (with or without an immunomodulator) or glucocorticoids. This case highlights the first successful case of ulcerative colitis treated with adalimumab with mesalamine and azathioprine. The patient was initially treated with mesalamine and azathioprine which did not result in significant clinical improvement but the addition of subcutaneous adalimumab showed a remarkable response with drastic improvement in just one year of treatment. Hence, adalimumab could be considered as an option in the management of severe cases in Nepal.
Theoretical principles of modeling the process of forming realistic professional aim of the future psychologist in the conditions of master's training
Authors: Koval Diana V.
Published: September 2022

The model of the formation of realistic professional aspirations of future psychologists, aimed at implementation in master's programs of specialist training is presented in the article. Methodological approaches that form the basis of the specified model are determined: personal-oriented, system-strategic, resource-based, competence-environmental. The possibilities of integration of future psychologists into the professional environment by the method of informal education are presented through the implementation of pedagogical interaction strategies: interaction with stakeholders; activity of a training seminar on employment problems and master classes on self-presentation training of future psychologists in the job search process; individual consultations on the organization of reflection on the results of real employment. It has been made the conclusions about the expediency of highlighting the presented theoretical foundations of the proposed model for the formation of realistic professional aspirations in future psychologists.
IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN DALAM SERIAL WEB DRAMA LITTLE MOM KARYA SUTRADARA GUNTUR SOEHARDJANTO
Authors: Nuryani  , Wardiah Dessy , Siti Rukiyah
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan fokus pada kajian pragmatik untuk dapat mendeskripsikan bentuk penggunaan implikatur dan fungsi penggunaan implikatur pada serial web drama Little Mom karya sutradara Guntur Soehardjanto. Jenis penelitian ini berupa deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini serial web drama Little Mom karya sutradara Guntur Soehardjanto episode 1, 6, dan 13. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kata serta kalimat ujaran yang termasuk ke dalam bentuk dan fungsi implikatur. Dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa teknik simak dan teknik catat. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan 100 bentuk penggunaan implikatur dan 74 fungsi penggunaan implikatur. Dengan jumlah 25 bentuk implikatur kalimat berita, 37 bentuk implikatur kalimat tanya, dan 38 bentuk implikatur kalimat perintah. Sedangkan untuk fungsi implikatur berjumlah 18 fungsi implikatur asertif, 13 fungsi implikatur direktif, 14 fungsi implikatur komisif, dan 29 fungsi implikatur ekspresif.
KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN SISWA TK B DI TKIT HARITH FOUNDATION KOTA PALOPO
Authors: Darmawati
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan membaca permulaan Siswa TK B di TKIT Harith Foundation Palopo. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu data-data yang diperoleh diinterpretasikan dengan mereduksi data, menyajikan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Data temuan kemampuan membaca permulaan pada siswa kemudian dideskripsikan sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum kemampuan membaca permulaan pada siswa kelompok  B di TKIT Harith Foundation Kota Palopo dikategorikan mampu dalam membaca permulaan, yang tampak dari kemampuan mengenal huruf dan mampu membaca beberapa kata. Hal ini didukung oleh penggunaan media yang interaktif dan kesiapan peserta didik dalam mengikuti setiap tahapan pembelajaran.
Mediterranean diet and health – a narrative review
Authors: Kaufman-Shriqui Vered , Navarro Daniela Abigail , Salem Hagit , Boaz Mona
Published: September 2022

The Mediterranean Diet is a dietary pattern characterized by increased intake of olive oil, vegetables, fruits, cereals, nuts and pulses/legumes; as well as moderate intake of fish and other meat, dairy products and red wine. This dietary pattern has been associated with reduced risk for non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, certain cancers, and dementia. The importance of modifying lifestyle risk factors to reduce these diseases is evidence by the increased obesity rates and aging of the global population. To examine associations between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and non-communicable disease risk. There is evidence supporting a role for the Mediterranean Diet in primary and secondary non-communicable disease prevention; Furthermore, the Mediterranean Diet has been associated with reduced all-cause mortality.Conclusions: The Mediterranean Diet is associated with demonstrable and measurable health benefits, including non-communicable disease prevention and reduced mortality risk. The Mediterranean Diet is frequently consumed by individuals in Blue Zones.Keywords: Mediterranean diet; olive oil; non-communicable disease risk
Decision-making under uncertainty for multi-robot systems
Authors: Lacerda Bruno , Gautier Anna , Rutherford Alex , Stephens Alex , Street Charlie , Hawes Nick
Published: September 2022

In this overview paper, we present the work of the Goal-Oriented Long-Lived Systems Lab on multi-robot systems. We address multi-robot systems from a decision-making under uncertainty perspective, proposing approaches that explicitly reason about the inherent uncertainty of action execution, and how such stochasticity affects multi-robot coordination. To develop effective decision-making approaches, we take a special focus on (i) temporal uncertainty, in particular of action execution; (ii) the ability to provide rich guarantees of performance, both at a local (robot) level and at a global (team) level; and (iii) scaling up to systems with real-world impact. We summarise several pieces of work and highlight how they address the challenges above, and also hint at future research directions.
Characterizing time computational complexity classes with polynomial differential equations
Authors: Gozzi Riccardo , Graça Daniel
Published: September 2022

In this paper we show that several classes of languages from computational complexity theory, such as [Formula: see text], can be characterized in a continuous manner by using only polynomial differential equations. This characterization applies not only to languages, but also to classes of functions, such as the classes defining the Grzegorczyk hierarchy, which implies an analog characterization of the class of elementary computable functions and the class of primitive recursive functions.