bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Endocan Is a Risk Factor for Aortic Stiffness in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Wu Tsung-Jui , Wang Chih-Hsien , Lai Yu-Hsien , Kuo Chiu-Huang , Lin Yu-Li , Hsu Bang-Gee
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: Endocan, secreted from the activated endothelium, is a key player in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and angiogenesis. We aimed to investigate the link between endocan and aortic stiffness in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and Methods: After recruiting HD patients from a medical center, their baseline characteristics, blood sample, and anthropometry were assessed and recorded. The serum endocan level was determined using an enzyme immunoassay kit, and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) measurement was used to evaluate aortic stiffness. Results: A total of 122 HD patients were enrolled. Aortic stiffness was diagnosed in 53 patients (43.4%), who were found to be older (p = 0.007) and have a higher prevalence of diabetes (p < 0.001) and hypertension (p = 0.030), higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.011), and higher endocan levels (p < 0.001), when compared with their counterparts. On the multivariate logistic regression model, the development of aortic stiffness in patients on chronic HD was found to be associated with endocan [odds ratio (OR): 1.566, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.224–2.002, p < 0.001], age (OR: 1.040, 95% CI: 1.001–1.080, p = 0.045), and diabetes (OR: 4.067, 95% CI: 1.532–10.798, p = 0.005), after proper adjustment for confounders (adopting diabetes, hypertension, age, systolic blood pressure, and endocan). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.713 (95% CI: 0.620–0.806, p < 0.001) for predicting aortic stiffness by the serum endocan level, at an optimal cutoff value of 2.68 ng/mL (64.15% sensitivity, 69.57% specificity). Upon multivariate linear regression analysis, logarithmically transformed endocan was proven as an independent predictor of cfPWV (β = 0.405, adjusted R2 change = 0.152; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The serum endocan level positively correlated with cfPWV and was an independent predictor of aortic stiffness in chronic HD patients.
Composite 2D Material-Based Pervaporation Membranes for Liquid Separation: A Review
Authors: Castro-Muñoz Roberto
Published: June 2024

Today, chemistry and nanotechnology cover molecular separations in liquid and gas states by aiding in the design of new nano-sized materials. In this regard, the synthesis and application of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are current fields of research in which structurally defined 2D materials are being used in membrane separation either in self-standing membranes or composites with polymer phases. For instance, pervaporation (PV), as a highly selective technology for liquid separation, benefits from using 2D materials to selectively transport water or other solvent molecules. Therefore, this review paper offers an interesting update in revising the ongoing progress of PV membranes using 2D materials in several applications, including solvent purification (the removal of water from organic systems), organics removal (the removal of organic molecules diluted in water systems), and desalination (selective water transport from seawater). In general, recent reports from the past 3 years have been discussed and analyzed. Attention has been devoted to the proposed strategies and fabrication of membranes for the inclusion of 2D materials into polymer phases. Finally, the future trends and current research gaps are declared for the scientists in the field.
Antimicrobial Activity of Drimanic Sesquiterpene Compounds from Drimys winteri against Multiresistant Microorganisms
Authors: Montenegro Iván , Pazmiño Rolando , Araque Ileana , Madrid Alejandro , Besoain Ximena , Werner Enrique , Espinoza-Catalán Luis , Olea Andrés F. , Parra Claudio , Navarrete Molina Valentina , Godoy Patricio , Olguín Yusser , Cuellar Mauricio A.
Published: June 2024

In this work, a group of ten sesquiterpene drimanes, including polygodial (1), isopolygodial (2), and drimenol (3) obtained from the bark of Drimys winteri F. and seven synthetic derivatives, were tested in vitro against a unique panel of bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes with standardized procedures against bacterial strains K. pneumoniae, S. tiphy, E. avium, and E. coli. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and bactericidal activities were evaluated using standardized protocols. Polygodial (1) was the most active compound, with MBC 8 μg/mL and MIC 16 μg/mL in E. avium; MBC 16 μg/mL and MIC 32 μg/mL in K. pneumoniae; MBC 64 μg/mL and MIC 64 μg/mL in S. typhi; and MBC 8 μg/mL and MIC 16 μg/mL and MBC 32 μg/mL and MIC 64 μg/mL in E. coli, respectively. The observed high potency could be attributed to the presence of an aldehyde group at the C8–C9 position. The antifungal activity of 1 from different microbial isolates has been evaluated. The results show that polygodial affects the growth of normal isolates and against filamentous fungi and oomycetes with MFC values ranging from 8 to 64 μg/mL. Sesquiterpene drimanes isolated from this plant have shown interesting antimicrobial properties.
75As Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Investigation of the Thioarsenate Speciation in Strongly Alkaline Sulfidic Leaching Solutions
Authors: Brendler Erica , Meiner Karsten , Wagler Jörg , Thiere Alexandra , Charitos Alexandros , Stelter Michael
Published: June 2024

Copper ores and concentrates thereof feature an increasingly notable content of impurities such as arsenic and other hazardous elements. As an alternative to the state-of-the-art partial roasting process, arsenic could be removed by the alkaline sulfide leaching of the copper concentrates. In order to optimize and understand the processes, knowledge of the speciation and oxidation states is essential. In addition to methods such as UV/Vis spectroscopy, chromatography and ICP/MS methods, 75As NMR spectroscopy may be useful for the differentiation and quantification of the various species. Although arsenate(V) has been characterized by 75As NMR some time ago, to our knowledge, there are no data on tetrathioarsenate(V) AsS43− and the mixed oxygen/sulfur substituted mono-, di- and trithioarsenates(V) AsOxS4−x3−, x = 3, 2, 1, respectively. Therefore, we investigated several model solutions and samples from Cu-As leaching with 75As NMR. The strongly alkaline conditions of the leaching solution proved to be very advantageous for that purpose. Both the tetrathioarsenate(V) and the mixed species AsOxS4−x3− (x = 1–3) could be characterized and provide valuable data for the quantification of the material flows in the leaching process.
Efficient Trifluoromethylation of Halogenated Hydrocarbons Using Novel [(bpy)Cu(O2CCF2SO2F)2] Reagent
Authors: Wu Xiong , Qiu Xin , Lou Wenrun , Zhang Shengxue , Zhang Chaoyi , Ma Xiaoyu , Liu Chao
Published: June 2024

This study introduces a novel trifluoromethylating reagent, [(bpy)Cu(O2CCF2SO2F)2], notable for not only its practical synthesis from cost-effective starting materials and scalability but also its nonhygroscopic nature. The reagent demonstrates high efficiency in facilitating trifluoromethylation reactions with various halogenated hydrocarbons, yielding products in good yields and exhibiting broad functional group compatibility. The development of [(bpy)Cu(O2CCF2SO2F)2] represents an advancement in the field of organic synthesis, potentially serving as a valuable addition to the arsenal of existing trifluoromethylating agents.
Deep Learning-Based Superpixel Texture Analysis for Crack Detection in Multi-Modal Infrastructure Images
Authors: Shahsavarani Sara , Ibarra-Castanedo Clemente , Lopez Fernando , Maldague Xavier P. V.
Published: June 2024

Infrared and visible imaging play crucial roles in non-destructive testing, where accurate defect segmentation and detection are paramount. However, the scarcity of annotated training data or the limited number of data availability often poses a challenge. To address this, we propose an innovative framework tailored to the domain of infrared and visible imaging, integrating segmentation and detection tasks. The proposed approach eliminates the dependency on annotated defect data during training, enabling models to adapt to real-world scenarios with limited annotations. By utilizing super-pixel segmentation and texture analysis, the proposed method enhances the accuracy of defect detection. Concrete structures, globally subjected to aging and degradation, demand constant monitoring for structural health. Traditional manual crack detection methods are labor-intensive, necessitating automated systems. The proposed approach combines deep learning-based super-pixel segmentation with texture analysis, offering a solution for limited-defect-data situations. Utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for super-pixel segmentation and texture features for defect analysis, the proposed methodology improves the efficiency and accuracy of crack detection, especially in scenarios with limited labeled data or a limited number of data available. Evaluation on public benchmark datasets have validated the effectiveness of the proposed approach in detecting cracks in concrete structures.
A Hybrid Anti-Collision Protocol Based on Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Readers
Authors: Ouadou Mourad , Mafamane Rachid , Minaoui Khalid
Published: June 2024

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology plays a crucial role in various Internet of Things (IoT) applications, necessitating the integration of RFID systems into dense networks. However, the presence of numerous readers leads to collisions, degrading communication between readers and tags and compromising system performance. To tackle this challenge, researchers have proposed Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocols employing different channel access methods. In this paper, we present a novel solution, the Distributed Time Slot Anti-Collision protocol (DTS-AC), which employs a new TDMA notification system to address Reader-to-Reader Interference (RRI), while incorporating FDMA-based frequency resource management to resolve Reader-to-Tag Interference (RTI) collision issues. Simulation results demonstrate that DTS-AC significantly improves performance in dense RFID networks by enhancing read rates, with scalability benefits based on the number of readers, channels, and Time Slots (TSs). Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of DTS-AC facilitates efficient deployment in RFID networks, emphasizing considerations of time delay and data sensitivity.
A Comparison of the Efficacy of Online HAPIFED versus Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Binge Eating Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: da Luz Felipe Q. , Mohsin Mohammed , Teixeira Paula C. , dos Santos Edilaine , Gaeta Tamiris , Ferrari Silvia , Martin Kayo , Dias Andréia , Jana Tatiana A. , Marinho Leticia S. , Lobo Isabella , Pascoareli Luisa , Cordás Táki , Hay Phillipa
Published: June 2024

The efficacy of two different online treatment programs for people with binge eating disorder (BED) was compared. One hundred and nineteen adults with BED were randomized to treatments based on the Healthy Approach to Weight Management and Food in Eating Disorders (HAPIFED) or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The treatments were delivered via videoconferencing in 10 groups with approximately 12 participants in each group. Each group included 13 treatment sessions and two follow-up sessions. Participants’ self-reported eating disorder behaviours/psychopathology, general mental health, and weight were assessed at pre-treatment, the end of treatment, a 3-month follow-up, and a 6-month follow-up. The participants in both treatments similarly reduced objective and subjective binge eating episodes from pre-treatment to the end of treatment. There were no significant differences in weight loss for the participants in either treatment. The participants in both treatments had reduced levels of loss of control over eating, eating disorder psychopathology, depression, psychological stress, and difficulties in emotion regulation from pre-treatment to the end of treatment. Treatments based on the HAPIFED or CBT delivered via videoconferencing can reduce binge eating and improve mental health in people with BED.
Propagation of a Partially Coherent Bessel–Gaussian Beam in a Uniform Medium and Turbulent Atmosphere
Authors: Lukin Igor , Lukin Vladimir
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the coherent properties of partially coherent Bessel–Gaussian optical beams propagating through a uniform medium (free space) or a turbulent atmosphere are examined theoretically. The consideration is based on the analytical solution of the equation for the transverse second-order mutual coherence function of the field of partially coherent optical radiation in a turbulent atmosphere. For the partially coherent Bessel–Gaussian beam, the second-order mutual coherence function of the source field is taken as a Gaussian–Schell model. In this approximation, we analyze the behavior of the coherence degree and the integral coherence scale of these beams as a function of the propagation pathlength, propagation conditions, and beam parameters, such as the radius of the Gauss factor of the beam, parameter of the Bessel factor of the beam, topological charge, and correlation width of the source field of partially coherent radiation. It was found that, as a partially coherent vortex Bessel–Gaussian beam propagates through a turbulent atmosphere, there appear not two (as might be expected: one due to atmospheric turbulence and another due to the partial coherence of the source field), but only one ring dislocation of the coherence degree (due to the simultaneous effect of both these factors on the optical radiation). In addition, it is shown that the dislocation of the coherence degree that significantly affects the beam coherence level is formed only for beams, for which the coherence width of the source field is larger than the diameter of the first Fresnel zone.
Biomining of ‘Heavy’ Metals and Lanthanides from Red Mud of a Former Lignite Mines by Sorption on Chitin
Authors: Blind Felix , Fränzle Stefan
Published: June 2024

In times of increasing demand for resources, processing various waste materials is becoming more economically and ecologically viable. Red mud is a waste material that originates from the bauxite process, also known as the Bayer process. Red mud, due to its high alkalinity and heavy metal content, is often stored in landfills, which can lead to accidents such as those in Brazil or Hungary, especially if the storage takes place above ground. Red mud contains not only iron and aluminum residues but also other economically valuable metals such as manganese, titanium, cadmium, or cobalt. Currently, only 4 million tons of the annual production of 150 million tons are utilized in various industries, which is a relatively small amount. Typically, only the iron content is further processed, leaving other potential resources untapped. Chitin has a high binding capacity for various trivalent and divalent metal ions, making it a suitable material for separating red mud into its components. It has been demonstrated that chitin can effectively remove aluminum, barium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, manganese, iron, nickel, lead, strontium, and various lanthanides from a red mud-like sludge. The elements bound to chitin can be easily removed using wet chemistry. Biologically compatible substances are predominantly used in this process, with few exceptions. The removal of elements from red sludge or other mining wastewater using chitin is a viable alternative to traditional mining methods.
Nitrogen-Related High-Spin Vacancy Defects in Bulk (SiC) and 2D (hBN) Crystals: Comparative Magnetic Resonance (EPR and ENDOR) Study
Authors: Latypova Larisa , Murzakhanov Fadis , Mamin George , Sadovnikova Margarita , von Bardeleben Hans Jurgen , Gafurov Marat
Published: June 2024

The distinct spin, optical, and coherence characteristics of solid-state spin defects in semiconductors have positioned them as potential qubits for quantum technologies. Both bulk and two-dimensional materials, with varying structural properties, can serve as crystalline hosts for color centers. In this study, we conduct a comparative analysis of the spin–optical, electron–nuclear, and relaxation properties of nitrogen-bound vacancy defects using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) techniques. We examine key parameters of the spin Hamiltonian for the nitrogen vacancy (NV−) center in 4H-SiC: D = 1.3 GHz, Azz = 1.1 MHz, and CQ = 2.53 MHz, as well as for the boron vacancy (VB−) in hBN: D = 3.6 GHz, Azz = 85 MHz, and CQ = 2.11 MHz, and their dependence on the material matrix. The spin–spin relaxation times T2 (NV− center: 50 µs and VB−: 15 µs) are influenced by the local nuclear environment and spin diffusion while Rabi oscillation damping times depend on crystal size and the spatial distribution of microwave excitation. The ENDOR absorption width varies significantly among color centers due to differences in crystal structures. These findings underscore the importance of selecting an appropriate material platform for developing quantum registers based on high-spin color centers in quantum information systems.
Deep Texture Analysis Enhanced MRI Radiomics for Predicting Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Outcomes with Machine Learning Classifiers
Authors: Safakish Aryan , Moslemi Amir , Moore-Palhares Daniel , Sannachi Lakshmanan , Poon Ian , Karam Irene , Bayley Andrew , Pejovic-Milic Ana , Czarnota Gregory J.
Published: June 2024

Background: Head and neck cancer treatment does not yield desired outcomes for all patients. This investigation aimed to explore the feasibility of predicting treatment outcomes from routine pre-treatment magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Radiomics features were “mined” and used to train machine learning (ML) classifiers to predict treatment outcomes. Moreover, iterative deep texture analysis (DTA) was explored to boost model performances. Methods: Radiomics features were determined from T1-weighted post-contrast MRIs of pathologically involved lymph node (LN) segmentations for n = 63 patients. SVM, k-NN, and FLD classifier models were trained, selecting for 1–10 features. The model with the top balanced accuracy was chosen for an iteration of DTA. New feature sets were used to retrain and test the ML. Radiomics features were explored for a total of three layers through two iterations of DTA. Results: Models proved useful in predicting treatment outcomes. The best model was a nine-feature multivariable k-NN model with a sensitivity (%Sn) of 93%, specificity (%Sp) of 74%, 86% accuracy (%Acc), and 86% precision (%Per). The best model for two of the three classifiers (k-NN and FLD) was trained using features from three layers. The performance of the average k-NN and FLD models trained with features was boosted significantly with the inclusion of deeper-layer features. Conclusions: Pre-treatment LN MRIs contain quantifiable texture information that can be used to train ML models to predict cancer treatment outcomes. Furthermore, DTA proved useful to boosting predictive models.
Anti-Aging Potential of Bioactive Phytoconstituents Found in Edible Medicinal Plants: A Review
Authors: Iweala Emeka Joshua , Adurosakin Oluwapelumi Eniola , Innocent Ugochukwu , Omonhinmin Conrad A. , Dania Omoremime Elizabeth , Ugbogu Eziuche Amadike
Published: June 2024

Aging is a complex biological and physiological change that leads to a loss of function in all living organisms. Although the mechanism behind the aging process is still largely unknown, scientific studies have shown that oxidative stress and age-related low autophagy, which are associated with various chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, promote aging. Interestingly, many medicinal plants and their biologically active compounds have the ability to extend lifespan as they can inhibit oxidative stress and promote autophagy. This review evaluates and provides up-to-date information on the anti-aging potential of bioactive compounds in edible medicinal plants. In this study, seventeen (17) biologically active compounds from edible medicinal plants with anti-aging effects were reviewed. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that these biologically active compounds exhibit anti-aging effects via various mechanisms such as the activation of autophagy, increases in antioxidant enzymes, reductions in reactive oxygen species, the inhibition of inflammatory markers, and the downregulation of senescence genes. This study suggests that edible medicinal plants containing these bioactive compounds may promote health and extend lifespan. However, the exact mechanisms, effective doses, clinical trials, and chronic and genotoxic effects of bioactive compounds as anti-aging agents should be further investigated.
Ace and Poly: The Motivations and Experiences of People on the Ace Spectrum in Polyamorous Relationships
Authors: Hille Jessica J. , Bhuyan Lucy , Tillewein Heather
Published: June 2024

While the past two decades have seen an increase in research into both asexuality and polyamory, little is known about their intersection, that is, people who identify as asexual and engage in polyamorous relationships. Using an online survey, we explored the experiences of participants who identify as asexual or on the ace spectrum (e.g., demisexual, gray-asexual) and were in a polyamorous relationship at the time of the survey (N = 321). The majority of our participants identified as White (79.02%), a plurality identified as women (27.1%), and ages ranged from 18 to 53 years old (M = 29.55, SD = 6.77). Two qualitative questions related to motivations for engaging in polyamory were analyzed for this study (N = 224). The first question asked about personal motivations, and the second asked about partner(s)’s influence. Eight codes emerged across the two questions: Needs fulfillment, Exploration/contemplation, Solution to relationship conflict/personal insecurity, a Desire to connect with multiple people, Personal/relationship growth, Rejecting monogamy, Introduced by partner, and Other/no additional context. One additional code was found in Q2: Reluctance/jealousy/distrust. The most common code overall was Exploration/contemplation. Our findings indicate that fulfilling a partner’s sexual needs was not a primary motivating factor for ace individuals engaged in polyamory. Ace individuals were more likely to describe experiences as exploring their identity and fulfilling personal needs for connection and intimacy. These findings indicate that motivations for engaging in polyamory are not solely centered in fulfilling sexual desires, and they may have larger implications for the what the scope of romantic and sexual relationships can look at outside of a monogamous and heteronormative context.
Emerging Residential Trends within Socially Heterogeneous Settings: The Case of Jabal Al-Hussein Amman
Authors: Alawneh Lubna , Tawil Maram , Bäumer Katrin , Reicher Christa
Published: June 2024

This research focuses on the residential patterns that were traced in Amman in the last decades due to the constant influx of migrants. Therefore, mapping the residential patterns that are emerging was seen important to understand the morphology of the area. A mixed-methods approach was used to identify the typologies emerging into the setting. New residential patterns that called for new strategic thinking were captured and analyzed. Enhancing the new image of “celebrated character” that urges new perception of heterogeneous communities and attracting more sustainable residential attributes towards the neighborhood were the two main outcomes of the study.
Clinical Presentation, Bacteriologic Findings and Possible Risk Factors for Ischemic Teat Necrosis in Cattle—A Case Series
Authors: Kortstegge Jan , Zhang Yanchao , Preine Franziska , Krömker Volker
Published: June 2024

Ischemic teat necrosis (ITN) is a growing problem in the dairy industry characterized by teat lesions, necrosis, pruritus and automutilation. Despite the economic and welfare consequences, there is no treatment, and the etiology of the disease remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate ITN by analyzing its clinical presentation, potential risk factors and microbial involvement. Methods included collection of milk and swab samples from affected cows over a period of one-and-a-half years and completion of questionnaires by veterinarians and farmers. Microbial testing included PCR testing for Treponema spp. and cultural testing by anaerobic and aerobic incubation on blood agar. The results showed a high and significant prevalence of Treponema spp. and Staphylococcus aureus in affected teats compared to non-ITN-affected control teats, indicating their potential role in the development of ITN. Other factors such as edema and milking practices also appear to contribute to the tissue damage. First-lactation and early-lactation heifers are particularly at risk. In conclusion, ITN appears to have a multifactorial etiology with both infectious and non-infectious factors playing a role. Further research is needed to better understand the complex interplay of these factors and to develop effective prevention and management strategies.
Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Matching and Post-Vaccination Assessment in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Eltahir Yassir M. , Ishag Hassan Zackaria Ali , Parekh Krupali , Wood Britta A. , Ludi Anna , King Donald P. , Bensalah Oum Keltoum , Khan Rashid A. , Shah Asma Abdi Mohamed , Kayaf Kaltham , Mohamed Meera Saeed
Published: June 2024

Despite the annual vaccination of livestock against foot and mouth disease (FMD) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), outbreaks of the disease continue to be reported. The effective control of field outbreaks by vaccination requires that the vaccines used are antigenically matched to circulating field FMD viruses. In this study, a vaccine matching analysis was performed using the two-dimensional virus neutralization test (VNT) for three field isolates belonging to the O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2/ANT-10 and O/ME-SA/SA-2018 lineages collected from different FMD outbreaks that occurred within the Abu Dhabi Emirate in 2021 affecting Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), goat, and sheep. In addition, post-vaccination antibodies in sheep and goats were measured using solid-phase competitive ELISA (SPCE) for FMDV serotypes A and O at five months after a single vaccine dose and a further 28 days later after a second dose of the FMD vaccine. An analysis of vaccine matching revealed that five out of the six vaccine strains tested were antigenically matched to the UAE field isolates, with r1-values ranging between 0.32 and 0.75. These results suggest that the vaccine strains (O-3039 and O1 Manisa) included in the FMD vaccine used in the Abu Dhabi Emirate are likely to provide protection against outbreaks caused by the circulating O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2/ANT-10 and O/ME-SA/SA-2018 lineages. All critical residues at site 1 and site 3 of VP1 were conserved in all isolates, although an analysis of the VP1-encoding sequences revealed 14–16 amino acid substitutions compared to the sequence of the O1 Manisa vaccine strain. This study also reports on the results of post-vaccination monitoring where the immunization coverage rates against FMDV serotypes A and O were 47% and 69% five months after the first dose of the FMD vaccine, and they were increased to 81 and 88%, respectively, 28 days after the second dose of the vaccine. These results reinforce the importance of using a second booster dose to maximize the impact of vaccination. In conclusion, the vaccine strains currently used in Abu Dhabi are antigenically matched to circulating field isolates from two serotype O clades (O/ME-SA/PanAsia-2/ANT-10 sublineage and O/ME-SA/SA-2018 lineage). The bi-annual vaccination schedule for FMD in the Abu Dhabi Emirate has the potential to establish a sufficient herd immunity, especially when complemented by additional biosecurity measures for comprehensive FMD control. These findings are pivotal for the successful implementation of the region’s vaccination-based FMD control policy, showing that high vaccination coverage and the wide-spread use of booster doses in susceptible herds is required to achieve a high level of FMDV-specific antibodies in vaccinated animals.
Analysis of Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Characteristics of Vertical-Slot, Double-Pool Fishway Based on Fluent
Authors: Qi Shengzhe , Fu Chenghua , Xie Meiling
Published: June 2024

Research shows that the novel vertical-slot, double-pool fishway can reduce the flow velocity at the vertical slots of the fishway, enhance the efficiency of the water flow in the chambers, and increase the fish passage area and migratory corridor for fish. Utilizing Fluent, two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of the novel fishway were established, and numerical simulation analysis was conducted on their hydraulic characteristics. The results indicate that the flow velocity at the cross-section of the middle vertical slot in the fishway pool decreases horizontally from left to right and increases vertically from top to bottom, with similar water flow distribution patterns on different vertical lines. The flow conditions and hydraulic characteristics of the surface, middle, and bottom layers in the pool are similar, mainly characterized by planar, two-dimensional flow. The error between the trajectory of the water flow in the main flow area and the maximum velocity value is within 10%. The novel vertical-slot, double-pool fishway retains the planar binary characteristics of traditional vertical-slot fishways. The results of the two-dimensional numerical simulation can be analogized to the vertical uniformization of the three-dimensional numerical simulation, providing support for the study of its two-dimensional numerical simulation of hydraulic characteristics and presenting a theoretical basis for the structural design and construction of fishways.
CHALLENGES IN THE MODERNIZATION OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE (FIRST QUARTER OF THE 21ST CENTURY)
Authors: Tovkanets H. , Krishinets-Andyaloshiy K.
Published: June 2024

The article characterizes the main features of Ukrainian education at the beginning of the 21st century: the construction of a national school as a humane, democratic, personally oriented, nationally oriented education; direction to the formation of an individual who is aware of his belonging to the Ukrainian people, to the affirmation of the national idea, promotion of national self-identification; individualized nature of training; directing the educational process to the paradigm of research and investigative activities of students. The task of implementing the concept of the New Ukrainian School has been updated: the formation of key competencies based on updating the content of basic education; provision of specialized education management; design and modeling of professional development, support for teaching staff; digital transformation of education; creation of a safe educational environment, free from any form of violence and discrimination, and a new educational space in accordance with the principles of motivating and creative design, technology and inclusiveness in the general secondary education institution; improving the quality of psychological services in educational institutions; provision of conditions for career guidance of students. It was determined that the goal of the new school is to provide a cohesive community of creative people, responsible citizens, active and enterprising for the development of a powerful Ukrainian state and a competitive economy. The leading idea is the relationship between all subjects of the educational process as the cooperation between the school headmaster, teachers, students, and their parents at the level of full team members who work together and overcome the problematic issues of the individual needs of the school and students. Positive changes in the modernization of Ukrainian education have been identified: the introduction of general compulsory secondary education, the expansion of the school network, the intensive development of pedagogical science in the direction of modernization of the content of education on scientific and general cultural principles, teaching methods; developmental educational strategies, formation of ideals of personality education, taking into account moral values and principles of universal and national culture.
«FEMALE» PROFESSION OF PRESCHOOL TEACHER: EXPERIENCE, TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Taniavska Ya.
Published: June 2024

The article characterizes the experience of professional education of preschool teachers, in particular, in the western Ukrainian lands, which took place in the context of the pan-European cultural and educational process of the 19th century and the gradual establishment of the female nature of the teaching profession. A retrospective analysis of the development of the first pedagogical institutions for the training of supervisory personnel by C. Mayo (England), T. Friedner (Germany), and L. Festetich (Austria), which appeared in 1836-1837, testified that at that time there was no unified view on the gendered nature of the new profession. Women were admitted to some institutions, and men to others. The specific role of F. Froebel in establishing the opinion that women should be concerned about raising children not only in families but also in public institutions and outside them is noted.
It has been found that the year 1869 when the fundamental educational law on public schools was adopted can be considered the official recognition of Froebel’s pedagogical theory and practice in the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, to which Galicia and Bukovina belonged. According to it, children’s preschool institutions became the primary link of the public education system, and based on the newly created female teacher’s seminaries, it was supposed to start the professional training of preschool teachers.
On the other hand, in the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary, including Transcarpathia, until 1912, male teachers continued to be educated as well. Attention is drawn to the fact that at the turn of the 20th-21st century issues of gender equality among preschool teachers have become the subjects of scientific and social research, as well as relevant government programs and management decisions. In 1996, a recommendation was approved in European countries to increase the number of men among the teaching staff of preschool education to 20%. To this day, this level remains unattainable. In Norway, this figure is currently 9% and is considered the highest among European countries. Significant changes have been made in Denmark and Germany. On the other hand, in Ukraine, the share of male teachers reached 1.7%, which requires more attention to this issue from state bodies, scientific institutions, and public organizations.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL MUSEUMS IN UKRAINE: MODERN DISCOURSE
Authors: Filipchuk N. , Zheleznyk O.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the types, profiles, forms of work, and prospects of modern school museums in Ukraine. It has been found that the activity of museums at educational institutions has a long history and established traditions of educational practice formed based on scientific principles; the functioning of school museums in modern socio-historical conditions is based on the usage of innovative forms and methods of work. The principles on which school museums are created, and work are determined; trends according to which their work is being reformed are revealed.
The legal framework on which school museums operate is determined. It is indicated how the organizational and methodical management of the activities of museums at educational institutions is carried out. An analysis of the activities of school museums (more than 4,000 of which operate in Ukraine) has been conducted based on the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine dated March 17, 2011 # 239 and on the Order dated June 17, 2019 # 987 “On the results of the inspection of museums at educational institutions under the management of the Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine.”
Valuable experience in organizing educational work based on school museums is presented, in particular, the usage of non-standard forms and methods of teaching. The role of museums at educational institutions (which, due to their specificity, is an optimally organized educational dimension) in introducing the principles of museum pedagogy into the educational process and implementing patriotic education of students based on personally oriented approaches with the usage of various types of practical activities is noted.
DISTANCE FORMS AND TOOLS OF ARTISTIC AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN PRESCHOOL, SECONDARY AND EXTRACURRICULAR EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Sulaieva N. , Berezan V.
Published: June 2024

The article highlights the relevance of distance music education in modern preschool, general education, and extracurricular institutions. Its effectiveness and efficiency depend on various factors: among which there is the ability of educators, music directors, or music teachers to implement the forms and tools of distance education according to the requirements of the time.
The authors emphasize that various forms of distance music education are currently established. They are the following: chat classes, which take place synchronously; asynchronous web classes; as well as, hybrid (mixed) music education classes. Their implementation is provided by powerful support and the presence in the information space of various platforms, applications, and services for giving general musical education. The platforms Zoom and Google Meet, messengers Viber, Telegram, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and Instagram are the most popular among music teachers. In the course of musical and educational activities today, online tools are also used, which allow you to quickly and easily listen to the best musical samples, create projects, individual and group tasks, audio and video presentations, flashcards, professional selections, write music, make arrangements, etc. They are the following: virtual tours and concerts posted on the Google Cultural Institute online service in the Performing Arts section; the Melody-Marker, Song Maker, and Rhythm tools featured on the Chrome Music Lab website; Padlet web resource pages, etc. The usage of all the possibilities of distance learning has its advantages, as it allows for maintaining the system and continuity of general music education in difficult conditions. At the same time, there are certain requirements for teaching music online. The most relevant are the inadmissibility following: teaching children to sing online (in particular, the formation of the ability to intonate cleanly); use of video and audio recordings of classes with methodical errors; the use of low-quality recordings of songs for listening and playback by children; lack of control over the quality of provision of educational services, etc.
Further research can be devoted to further research on the influence of distance music education on the development of musical abilities of students of different ages and levels of training, to the study of optimal strategies for learning music in the online format, taking into account the age and individual characteristics of students, to the study of the possibilities of using virtual reality and interactive technologies to improve distance learning, artistic and educational activities, analysis of the impact of such activities on the development of creativity and self-expression of students in the context of the modern digital environment, etc.
ARCHITECTURAL PRINCIPLES OF THE FORMATION OF YOUTH LEISURE INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Svechkar E.
Published: June 2024

The object of the study is youth leisure facilities as an important element of infrastructure for youth leisure activities. The analysis of existing examples of youth leisure institutions and the specifics of the organization of youth activities is carried out, the relationship between the activities and the formation of the architectural space of a youth leisure institution is indicated. The main institutions that can be attributed to the architecture of youth leisure are highlighted. Their uniqueness in terms of the organization of the spatial planning structure is noted, and based on some common features, the main architectural principles of the formation of young-married leisure institutions are highlighted. The classification of principles is carried out in accordance with their features, the techniques and approaches used to implement a certain principle. The main highlighted principles include the principle of accessibility (remote, physical, visual, economic); sustainable development (technical, planning, ethetic aspects); multifunctionality (redundancy, universality of space and multifunctionality of the institution), attractiveness (visual, structural planning, urban planning), social targeting, adaptability (architectural planning and technical techniques for the implementation of the principle). The mutual influence of the principles on each other is analyzed. Examples of possible ways to implement the principles in practice are given, as well as existing architectural objects using these principles. Techniques and means for achieving the implementation of some principles in practice are highlighted
COMPOSITE BINDER USING ALUMINUM SILICATE FILLERS AND ORGANIC ADDITIVES OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN
Authors: Mahortov D. , Zagorodnyuk L. , Nasonova V. , Sumskoy D.
Published: June 2024

The effectiveness of using aluminosilicate fillers as components in composite binders, providing a significant increase in strength up to 55.4-95.7% is shown. The study of the microstructure of cement stones of binder compositions indicates a uniform distribution of aluminosilicate filler in the formed stone, dense fouling of the filler surfaces with crystalline new formations is noted, which indicates the active occurrence of hydration processes and an increase in the strength of the samples. Studies of the plasticizing properties of organic additives have established the effective dosage and type of additive. The features of hydration processes were studied according to the kinetics of heat release of composite binders prepared using various mineral fillers: broken ceramic bricks, volcanic ash and expanded clay dust and the most effective organic additive. It has been revealed that when modifying binder compositions prepared using various mineral fillers: volcanic ash, broken ceramic bricks and expanded clay dust, organic additives of biological origin. The most effective is the additive synthesized from cattle blood, which provides the best plasticizing effect and an increase in compressive strength in 2…..2.5 times relative to non-additive Portland cement. It has been established that the kinetics of heat release of composite binders with various mineral fillers: broken ceramic bricks; volcanic ash and expanded clay dust has its own specific characteristics, determined by the chemical and mineralogical composition of the mineral additives used. It should be noted that the composite binder using ceramic bricks exhibits the greatest chemical activity, which makes it possible to recommend this binder for wide use
Habitats alto-médiévaux en Picardie. Premiers bilans de l'exercice 2014-2015 sur le corpus Aisne-Oise 2005-2014
Authors: Hugonnier Louis , Cuvillier Germain , Desplanque Gilles , Font Caroline , Maréchal Denis , Rassat Sylvain , Veyssier Danaël , Fronty Richard , Dulauroy-Lynch Hélène , Galois Marjorie , Ziegler Sébastien
Published: June 2024

Medieval research in Picardy is currently witnessing renewed interest thanks to the formation of a research team made up of various players in public archaeology working in the areas of the Aisne and Oise. The initial results presented here are the fruit of this collective’s first two years of existence.
L’habitat rural médiéval en région Centre-Val de Loire. Un premier bilan
Authors: Jesset Sébastien , Josset Didier , Nissen Anne
Published: June 2024

Le PCR Habitat rural du Moyen Âge en Région Centre (2007-2014) a permis d’élaborer une documentation normalisée d’une centaine de sites. La plupart relève d’opérations préventives après 2000. Les sites du haut Moyen Âge sont fortement représentés, mais les habitats des Xe-XIIIe siècles sont également nombreux. Leur couverture géographique permet d’appréhender des différences régionales, notamment au niveau des modes de construction. La diversité des sites montre aussi l’importance des contextes sociaux et économiques dans l’organisation de l’habitat. Dans leur ensemble, ils permettent de renouveler les connaissances de l’habitat du haut Moyen Âge et de mieux comprendre leur place dans les dynamiques territoriales.
Archéologie des peuplements du premier Moyen Âge dans le sud-ouest de la France : analyse d'une anomalie
Authors: Hautefeuille Florent
Published: June 2024

La généralisation de l’archéologie préventive depuis le début des années 1990 a permis de révolutionner les connaissances des formes de peuplement du premier Moyen Âge. La multiplication des découvertes a permis de préciser les typologies d’habitat et de faire émerger des dynamiques. Une analyse nuancée des données disponibles montre cependant que les découvertes ne sont pas homogènes. En me basant sur l’exploitation non seulement des données de fouille, mais aussi des données statistiques d’activité de l’archéologie préventive, il est possible de proposer des schémas évolutifs assez différents d’une région à une autre. Cet article fait le point sur la faiblesse des découvertes en termes de sites du premier Moyen Âge pour le sud-ouest de la France. En s’appuyant sur les données accumulées par l’archéologie préventive depuis 25 ans, il est possible de proposer deux modèles de dynamique de peuplement : un modèle à maison et un modèle à village. Cette modélisation permet d’expliquer les écarts très importants en termes de découvertes que l’on se situe au nord ou au sud-ouest de la France.
Le site de Lallemand (Mauguio, Hérault), un établissement rural du haut Moyen Âge (VIIe-XIe siècles) en Languedoc oriental
Authors: Tarrou Liliane , Bruxelles Laurent , Fabre Magali , Figueiral Isabelle , Forest Pierre , Forest Vianney , Hernandez Jérôme , Jorda Christophe , Ott Mathieu , Raynaud Claude
Published: June 2024

Le site de Lallemand est situé en plaine sur la commune de Mauguio (Hérault) à moins de 4 km du cordon lagunaire. La fouille a donné l’occasion rare en Languedoc oriental d’étudier les abords d’un établissement rural du haut Moyen Âge. Cette opération menée par l’Inrap pendant 4 mois entre 2013 et 2014 a permis d’appréhender, sur 2,3 ha, les modes d’occupation et de faire valoir d’un terroir exploité de la fin du VIIe siècle ou du début du VIIIe siècle au premier quart du XIe siècle. On y retrouve des bâtiments et des infrastructures domestiques et économiques, en lien, avec une économie céréalière et pastorale. Une importante aire d’ensilage, un parcellaire dense, des bâtiments et annexes en terre crue et une bergerie en témoignent notamment. Des espaces funéraires assez bien définis, aux marges de l’habitat, complètent le corpus des aménagements de cet établissement du haut Moyen Âge. Son déclin coïncide avec l’émergence de Mauguio-Melgueil au Moyen Âge-dont l’imposante motte castrale apparaît 1700 m au sud. À partir de la fin du Xe siècle, celle ci va constituer le moteur politique et économique d’un regroupement important et conduire à la disparition des habitats périphériques. Nous aurions ainsi un des rares exemples précoces de l’incastellamento qui accompagne la féodalisation dans les plaines languedociennes.