bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecogenomics and cultivation reveal distinctive viral-bacterial communities in the surface microlayer of a Baltic Sea slick
Authors: Rahlff Janina , Wietz Matthias , Giebel Helge-Ansgar , Bayfield Oliver , Nilsson Emelie , Bergström Kristofer , Kieft Kristopher , Anantharaman Karthik , Ribas-Ribas Mariana , Schweitzer Hannah D , Wurl Oliver , Hoetzinger Matthias , Antson Alfred , Holmfeldt Karin
Published: September 2023

Visible surface films, termed slicks, can extensively cover freshwater and marine ecosystems, with coastal regions being particularly susceptible to their presence. The sea-surface microlayer (SML), the upper 1-mm at the air-water interface in slicks (herein slick SML) harbors a distinctive bacterial community, but generally little is known about SML viruses. Using flow cytometry, metagenomics, and cultivation, we characterized viruses and bacteria in a brackish slick SML in comparison to non-slick SML as well as seawater below slick and non-slick areas (subsurface water = SSW). Size-fractionated filtration of all samples distinguished viral attachment to hosts and particles. The slick SML contained higher abundances of virus-like particles, prokaryotic cells, and dissolved organic carbon compared to non-slick SML and SSW. The community of 428 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), 426 predicted as lytic, distinctly differed across all size fractions in the slick SML compared to non-slick SML and SSW. Specific metabolic profiles of bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes and isolates in the slick SML included a prevalence of genes encoding motility and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Several vOTUs were enriched in slick SML, and many virus variants were associated with particles. Nine vOTUs were only found in slick SML, six of them being targeted by slick SML-specific clustered-regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) spacers likely originating from Gammaproteobacteria. Moreover, isolation of three previously unknown lytic phages for Alishewanella sp. and Pseudoalteromonas tunicata, abundant and actively replicating slick SML bacteria, suggests that viral activity in slicks contributes to biogeochemical cycling in coastal ecosystems.
Highly sensitive and rapid detection of hypochlorous acid in aqueous media and its bioimaging in live cells and zebrafish using an ESIPT-driven mycophenolic acid-based fluorescent probe
Authors: Sonawane Prasad M. , Jain Neha , Roychaudhury Arkaprava , Park Su Jeong , Bhosale Vikas K. , Halle Mahesh B. , Kim Cheol-Hee , Nimse Satish Balasaheb , Churchill David G.
Published: September 2023

Novel and photostable dimethylthiocarbamate (DMTC)-masked mycophenolic acid precursor is able to detect endogenous hypochlorite and doesn’t harm larval zebrafish's neuronal development.
pH-Responsive doxorubicin-loaded magnetosomes for magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound real-time monitoring and ablation of breast cancer
Authors: Tang Na , Zhu Yi , Lu Ziwei , Deng Jiali , Guo Jiajing , Ding Xinyi , Wang Jingyi , Cao Rong , Chen An , Huang Zhongyi , Lu Hongwei , Wang Zhongling
Published: September 2023

We have successfully prepared pH-responsive doxorubicin-loaded magnetosomes as an integrated diagnostic and theranostic nanoplatform that is responsive to an acidic microenvironment and can be a synergistic sensitizer for MRgFUS ablation therapy.
Improved photocatalytic activity of TiO2 with a regulated covalent organic framework thin film
Authors: Han Xiaochi , Dong Wenbo , Li Longyu , Zhou Xuemei
Published: September 2023

A COF film with controllable thickness is uniformly coated on the surface of TiO2 tubular arrays, which exhibits enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution and CO2 conversion activity, due to the band bending and internal electric field at the interface.
Interlayer expansion of octacalcium phosphate via forced oxidation of the intercalated molecules within its interlayers
Authors: Sugiura Yuki , Yamada Etsuko , Horie Masanori
Published: September 2023

The layer expansion phenomenon observed forced oxidation process of octacalcium phosphate during phase conversion process to apatite.
Probing size-dependent defects in zinc oxide using synchrotron techniques: impact on photocatalytic efficiency
Authors: Kadian Ankit , Manikandan V. , Dev Kapil , Kumar Vishnu , Yang Cheng-Jie , Lin Bi-Hsuan , Chen C. L. , Dong C. L. , Asokan K. , Annapoorni S.
Published: September 2023

In the present study, synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) have been used to investigate the induced defect states in metal oxide nanomaterials.
An analytical model for organic bulk heterojunction solar cells based on Saha equation for exciton dissociation
Authors: Sun Jiu-Xun , Yang Hong-Chun , Li Yang , Cui Hai-Juan
Published: September 2023

The sublinear relationship Jsc ∝ Pαin for the devices based on m-BTP-PhC6, o-BTP-PhC6 and p-BTP-PhC6 (with α = 0.872, 0.931, and 0.919, respectively) can be well explained by the developed model, and the exciton effect is shown as the key factor.
Confinement effects over Ni-based catalysts for methane dry reforming
Authors: Chen Chongchong , Wei Jiaojiao , Lu Yao , Duyar Melis Seher , Huang Yuanyuan , Lin Ling , Ye Runping
Published: September 2023

Advances in application of the confinement effect in improving the resistance to sintering and coking of Ni-based catalysts for methane dry reforming were summarized.
A novel broadband Ba3Ca4(BO3)3(SiO4)Cl:Mn4+ near-infrared phosphor with a special pseudo-octahedral Mn4+ coordination structure
Authors: Wang Jiutian , Tan Tao , Pang Ran , Li Da , Li Chengyu , Zhang Su , Jiang Lihong , Zhang Hongjie
Published: September 2023

A unique pseudo-octahedral coordination structure of Mn4+ ions realized broadband NIR emission with the maximum red shift and the widest FWHM of Mn4+-activated phosphors so far.
Dietary polyphenols maintain homeostasis via regulating bile acid metabolism: a review of possible mechanisms
Authors: Liu Yongyong , Huang Kai , Zhang Yu , Cao Hongwei , Guan Xiao
Published: September 2023

The synthesis and metabolism of bile acids (BAs) have been implicated in various metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes.
Apple consumption affects cecal health by regulating 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) levels through modifying the microbiota in rats
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Xiao-Long , Sun Quan , Zhao Feng-Yun , Dai Pei-Qiang , Li Ling-Xing , Hu Da-Gang
Published: September 2023

Apples affect the body by modulating the structure of the intestinal flora and metabolites.
Telechelic block copolymer L-PPI-b-poly(epoxide-alt-PA) obtained via desulfonation of poly(o-nitrophenylsulfonyl-activated aziridines)
Authors: Liang Zhuangzhuang , Ren Feng , Hu Chenyang , Gao Zan , Pang Xuan , Chen Xuesi
Published: September 2023

We present the “two-step in one pot” copolymerization of NsMAz with epoxides and PA to obtain telechelic block copolymer L-PPI-b-Poly(PO-alt-PA) after desulfonation.
Ultrafast synthesis of core cross-linked star poly(p-methylstyrene) with high syndiotacticity through living coordination polymerization
Authors: Wu Yi , Liu Bo , Cui Dongmei
Published: September 2023

We synthesized for the first time star syndiotactic poly(p-methylstyrene) via coordination polymerization with a high yield of 93.5%.
Novel epoxide-promoted polymerization of lactides mediated by a zinc guanidine complex: a potential strategy for the tin-free PLA industry
Authors: Suo Hongyi , Liu Shuang , Liu Jiaoyu , Zhang Zisheng , Qu Rui , Gu Yanan , Qin Yusheng
Published: September 2023

An epoxy-promoted zinc guanidine complex system with extremely high efficiency (106 500 h−1) is reported towards the controlled ROP of lactides.
Study of the effect of the substitution of Fe by Ti on the microstructure and the physical properties of the perovskite system La0.67Ca0.2Ba0.13Fe1−xTixO3 with x = 0 and 0.03 at low temperatures
Authors: Dhahri R. , Valente M. A. , Graça P. , Costa B. F. O.
Published: September 2023

Frequency response of ac conductivity at several temperatures and conduction mechanisms for La0.67Ca0.2Ba0.13Fe1−xTixO3 samples (x = 0 and 0.03).
Pyrolysis of biogas for carbon capture and carbon dioxide-free production of hydrogen
Authors: Çelik Ahmet , Ben Othman Iadh , Müller Heinz , Lott Patrick , Deutschmann Olaf
Published: September 2023

The high-temperature pyrolysis of biogas for eco-friendly hydrogen production and simultaneous carbon capture is investigated, as it can contribute to a decarbonization of the chemical industry and may act as a carbon sink.
Correction: A polypyrrole derived nitrogen doped porous carbon support for an atomically dispersed Mn electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Parida Sanjit Kumar , Barik Tulasi , Jena Hrudananda
Published: September 2023

Correction for ‘A polypyrrole derived nitrogen doped porous carbon support for an atomically dispersed Mn electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction’ by Sanjit Kumar Parida et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2023, 7, 3684–3691 https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SE00495C.
Molten salt-directed synthesis of strontium manganese perovskite oxide: an active electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Enoch Carolin Mercy , Ingavale Sagar , Marbaniang Phiralang , Patil Indrajit , Swami Anita
Published: September 2023

We report a molten-salt pathway for the synthesis of strontium manganese perovskite oxide (SMO), its phase transition with the variation of temperature and demonstrate the intrinsic catalytic behaviour of different phases towards the ORR and OER.
Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: a novel multi-modified carbon nitride based on physical adsorption
Authors: Lv Chaoyu , Li Wei , Lin Qiawu , Yang Huixing , Jiang Yangyang , Yu Yongzhuo , Huang Yuxing
Published: September 2023

The surface modification technique based on BIT physisorption and K+ doping results in an extremely high hydrogen production efficiency of carbon nitride, up to 21.35 mmol g−1 h−1.
Texture technique to achieve enhanced piezoelectric response in BiScO3–PbTiO3 high-temperature piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Ren Xiaodan , Tang Mingyang , Liu Xin , Wang Yike , Xu Zhuo , Yan Yongke
Published: September 2023

The first report focused on the effect of various BaTiO3 templates on BS-60PT textured ceramics and realization of outstanding piezoelectric response.
Recent endeavors and perspectives in developing solution-processable host materials for thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Bommireddy Purusottam Reddy , Musalikunta Chandra Sekhar , Lee Young-Woong , Suh Youngsuk , Godumala Mallesham , Park Si-Hyun
Published: September 2023

Indeed, the development of solution-processable host materials for TADF OLEDs is less explored. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in the exploration of host materials for solution-processable TADF OLEDs.
A Novel Adjunct for Treatment of Orofacial Contractures After a Facial Burn Injury
Authors: Arguello Lori Ann , Pine Harold S. , Beckett Carli Rose , Kerr Kathleen Mary
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

Surgical management of scar tissue and contractures from facial burns has systematic approaches, yet nonsurgical management continues to lack consensus regarding therapeutic approaches capable of providing stretching of the facial skin and muscles for both treating and preventing microstomia and orofacial contractures. This exploratory study introduces an intraoral splinting system designed to provide low-load, prolonged stretching of orofacial skin and musculature to treat contractures following a facial burn injury. The treatment adjunct described here has potential application across disciplines treating microstomia and orofacial contractures.

Method:

An 18-year-old man with full-thickness head and neck burns participated in a 5-week trial using intraoral splints to provide stretch to areas of contracture in the mid and lower face. The trial commenced 4 and a half months after his burn injury. Prescriptive placement, sizing, and time for use of the splints were provided. Changes in distance between facial landmarks were identified for 13 measurements taken for nine facial expressions.

Results:

Lengthening or shortening of the distances between two landmarks indicated the potential benefit from intraoral splints. For the expression “open mouth wide,” increased distance between two end points was noted in 11 of 13 measurements, ranging from 1.6 to 10.8 mm. This represents a lengthening of tissue, allowing for wider oral opening. Negative measurements between two end points occurred in two of 13 measurements, demonstrating elevation of the left and right nostrils. Visual data also demonstrated the appearance of change.

Conclusions:

When treating microstomia and orofacial contractures, consideration should be given to the use and further exploration of a more targeted intraoral methodology that uses a low-load, prolonged stretch to improve functional and aesthetic deficits. Oral splinting using an intraoral methodology is underutilized in the burn patient population and has application in both the acute care and chronic phases of recovery.
TranSpeckle: An edge‐protected transformer for medical ultrasound image despeckling
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Guo Zhitao
Published: September 2023

The transformer, a type of neural architecture, has demonstrated exceptional performance improvements in vision and natural language tasks. While overcoming the disadvantages of limited perceptual field and non‐adaptive input content exhibited in CNNs, the computational complexity of the Transformer model increases quadratically with spatial resolution. As such, this model is not frequently employed in image processing tasks such as image denoising, and there is a shortage of studies that investigate ultrasonic image multiplication speckle removal. In light of this, we present TranSpeckle, an effective and efficient despeckle architecture that employs Multi‐Dconv Head Transposed Attention and Dconv Feed‐Forward Network as the core components of its Transformer block. Multiple Transformer blocks are then utilized to implement a hierarchical encoder‐decoder network. TranSpeckle architecture considerably reduces the computational complexity of feature maps while also effectively capturing long‐range pixel interactions and local context information. In this study, an edge protection module is combined to augment the edges of ultrasound images. The module incorporates extracted image edge features into the TranSpeckle architecture, which ameliorates the issue of edge information loss engendered by the image despeckling process. Extensive experimental results clearly show that our proposed network outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of quantitative metrics and visual quality.
Closed‐form solution for scaling a wireless acoustic sensor network
Authors: Patel Kashyap , Kovalyov Anton , Panahi Issa
Published: September 2023

A closed‐form solution for localising and synchronising an acoustic sensor node with respect to a Wireless Acoustic Sensor Network (WASN) is presented. The aim is to allow efficient scaling of a WASN by individually calibrating newly joined sensor nodes instead of recalibrating the entire array. A key contribution is that the sensor to be calibrated does not need to include a built‐in emitter. The proposed method uses signals emitted from spatially distributed sources to compute time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements between the existing WASN and a new sensor. The problem is then modelled as a set of multivariate non‐linear TDOA equations. Through a simple transformation, the non‐linear TDOA equations are converted into a system of linear equations. Then, weighted least squares is applied to find an accurate estimate of the calibration parameters. Signal sources can either be known emitters within the existing WASN or arbitrary sources in the environment, thus allowing for flexible applicability in both active and passive calibration scenarios. Simulation results under various conditions show high joint localisation and synchronisation performance, often compared to the Cramér‐Rao lower bound.
PACOME: Optimal multi-epoch combination of direct imaging observations for joint exoplanet detection and orbit estimation
Authors: Dallant Jules , Langlois Maud , Flasseur Olivier , Thiébaut Éric
Published: September 2023

Context.Exoplanet detections and characterizations via direct imaging require high contrast and high angular resolution. These requirements are typically pursued by combining (i) cutting-edge instrumental facilities equipped with extreme adaptive optics and coronagraphic systems, (ii) optimized differential imaging to introduce a diversity between the signals of the sought-for objects and that of the star, and (iii) dedicated (post-)processing algorithms to further eliminate the residual stellar leakages.

Aims.With respect to the third technique, substantial efforts have been undertaken over this last decade on the design of more efficient post-processing algorithms. The whole data collection and retrieval processes currently allow to detect massive exoplanets at angular separations greater than a few tenths of au. The performance remains upper-bounded at shorter angular separations due to the lack of diversity induced by the processing of each epoch of observations individually. We aim to propose a new algorithm that is able to combine several observations of the same star by accounting for the Keplerian orbital motion across epochs of the sought-for exoplanets in order to constructively co-add their weak signals.

Methods.The proposed algorithm,PACOME, integrates an exploration of the plausible orbits of the sought-for objects within an end-to-end statistical detection and estimation formalism. The latter is extended to a multi-epoch combination of the maximum likelihood framework ofPACO, which is a post-processing algorithm of single-epoch observations. From this, we derived a reliable multi-epoch detection criterion, interpretable both in terms of probability of detection and of false alarm. In addition,PACOMEis able to produce a few plausible estimates of the orbital elements of the detected sources and provide their local error bars.

Results.We tested the proposed algorithm on several datasets obtained from the VLT/SPHERE instrument with IRDIS and IFS using the pupil tracking mode of the telescope. By resorting to injections of synthetic exoplanets, we show thatPACOMEis able to detect sources remaining undetectable by the most advanced post-processing of each individual epoch. The gain in detection sensitivity scales as high as the square root of the number of epochs. We also appliedPACOMEon a set of observations from the HR 8799 star hosting four known exoplanets, which can be detected by our algorithm with very high signal-to-noise ratios.

Conclusions.PACOMEis an algorithm for combining multi-epoch high-contrast observations of a given star. Its sensitivity and the reliability of its astrophysical outputs permits the detection of new candidate companions at a statistically grounded confidence level. In addition, its implementation is efficient, fast, and fully automatized.
Biological preparations based on strains of associative bacteria in the cultivation of oats in central Yakutia
Authors: Yakovleva Marya
Published: September 2023

The research was conducted in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from 2015 to 2020. Cryogenic-taiga-leached soils with low humus content are common in Central Yakutia. The use of biological products of associative bacteria is an environmentally friendly way to increase crop yields and improve soil fertility. The effect of pre-sowing inoculation of oat seeds with various biological preparations of associative bacteria: Mizorin, Agrophile, Rizoagrin, Mobilin, Flavobacterin was studied.As a control, a variant without inoculation was investigated. The responsiveness of the culture to the use of biological preparations was noted: inoculation of seeds contributed to the formation of oat grain yield. In the experimental variants, a significant increase in the yield of oat grain was noted — up to 2 t/ha in the variant with the use of the preparation mobilin. Inoculation of oat seeds by strains of associative bacteria affected the biochemical composition of oats. The largest number of grains was formed in the mobilin variant – 58 pcs., in the control variant – 51 pcs. In comparison with the variant without inoculation, the humus content in the arable layer of cryogenic-taiga-leached soil in the variant with mizorin is 3.20%, and with the Yakut strain No. 1 - 3.00% (in the control variant – 2.87%). Thus, the use of the studied biological products based on strains of associative bacteria had a positive effect on both the growth and development of plants and the yield of oat grain.
Microdispids mites of Turkmenistan and their ecological groups
Authors: Khydyrov Peyzulla
Published: September 2023

This study presents the results of research on the ecology of microdispids mites in Turkmenistan. In particular, 8 species of microdispids mites were found in the soil and anthills. The importance of these mites in the decomposition of plant residues and in soil-forming processes is shown. Data on seasonal changes in the abundance and vertical distribution of microdispids mites in irrigated soils are presented. The phoretic relationship of microdispids mites with ants has been proven. Mushrooms adapted to grow in anthills serve as food for microdispids mites. The importance of anthills is indicated as a special place for shelter and a center of mass reproduction of mites, therefore, as a specific biotope in arid conditions.
Antibiotic resistance in the pathogenic bacteria isolated from environmental samples of the food production facilities
Authors: Yushina Yuliya , Zaiko Elena , Makhova Anzhelika , Bataeva Dagmara , Nasyrov Nasarbay
Published: September 2023

Foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, may be present at various stages of production. The overuse of antibiotics over the past few decades has led to the emergence of many antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including foodborne pathogens. We investigated the sensitivity of Salmonella spp and Listeria monocytogenes to various antibiotics. Studied strains of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. they showed resistance to tetracycline, which totaled 66.7%. High resistance of strains to ampicillin was also noted (57.14%). All strains were sensitive to amikacin, azithromycin, Meropenem, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin. All strains of Salmonella spp. were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin G. Resistance to streptomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 91.7%. All strains of L. monocytogenes were resistant to nalidixic acid. 22.2% of the strains showed resistance to tetracycline and cefepime. 11.1% of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Use of biosurfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis H1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as a disinfectant and plant growth stimulation
Authors: Galieva Gulnaz , Kostareva Darya , Akhtyamova Alina , Kuryntseva Polina , Galitskaya Polina
Published: September 2023

Sustainable agriculture involves the maximum use of the resource potential of the earth, with the constant renewal of the fertility of the ecosystem. One method of transition to sustainable agriculture is the use of biological control agents, which include biosurfactants. We assessed the possibility of using crude biosurfactants obtained from Bacillus subtilis H1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 as dressing agents for untreated wheat seeds and the presence of seed germination stimulating properties. It was shown that crude rhamnolipids obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 inhibited the area occupied by fungal mycelia at a concentration of 500 mg/l. Surfactin, derived from Bacillus subtilis H1, inhibited fungal growth at a concentration of 100 mg/L. Stimulation of germination of wheat seeds by 1.9 and 2 times was determined by rhamnolipid at a concentration of 500 mg/l and surfactin at a concentration of 100 mg/l for 168 hours of germination. The use of biocontrol agents is a promising method that can improve product quality while reducing the negative impact on the environment.
Maintaining soil fertility by optimizing the use of nitrogen fertilizers in precision farming system
Authors: Lekomtsev Peter , Komarov Andrey
Published: September 2023

The article presents data of research on conservation and improvement of soil fertility using precision farming technologies. The study was carried out under conditions of humid climate (North-West of Russia, Leningrad region). Technologies for differentiated application of nitrogen fertilizers were tested in the fields of the Agrophysical Research Institute. In comparison with high-intensity agricultural technologies, differentiated fertilizer application was used, which was carried out with the help of a solid mineral fertilizer spreader with an on-board computer and GPS Amazon ZA-M 1500. Precision farming technologies had slightly more complex modifications. They were characterized by the introduction of increasingly informative methods of differentiated use of nitrogen fertilizers, which reduced fertilizer doses. New instruments, equipment and technologies were used, including the use of an N-sensor optical instrument, aerial photographic maps and calibration test sites with predefined nitrogen doses.
Investigation of the degree of grinding of the composite grain mixture
Authors: Vasyukova A. T. , Kusova I. U. , Belenkov A. I. , Kandrokov R. Kh. , Dyshekova M. M.
Published: September 2023

Determining the degree of grinding of a functional multicomponent mixture of cereals and legumes is an important indicator of the flour-grinding properties of the constituent components of the recipe for the production technology of flour culinary products. The degree of grinding affects the structure of the flour and the uniformity of the crumb products. The selection of grain components of the recipe was carried out on the basis of the amino acid composition of cereals, legumes and spicy aromatic raw materials. A number of grindings of the raw components of the grain mixture were performed: lentils, peas, millet, pearl barley, spelled, oats, coriander, black pepper, or beans, rye, buckwheat, millet, lentils, spelled, pine nut shells, salt, coriander, black pepper and others compositions. The technological parameters of torn and grinding systems are determined and the indicators of the obtained processing components are characterized: flour, dunst and bran. Grinding schemes for five multicomponent grinding mixtures have been developed, including the preparation of basic and intermediate products. In addition to the composite flour obtained on all technological systems, bran was selected on the V tattered system and from the 3rd to the 7th grinding system, as well as hard and soft dunst. The passage from I-V torn systems is the finished product in the form of flour with a particle size of less than 132 microns. After grinding at all 7 stages of grinding systems, bran is obtained. The passage of 1-7 grinding systems produces a finished product in the form of flour from a composite grain mixture with a particle size of less than 132 microns. As a result of grinding and scattering through a sieve of 2500 microns, the following was obtained: for a mixture of 1NS - 3.2%, for a mixture of 2DS-2 - 1.8%, for a mixture of 3VS-2 - 2.0%, for a mixture of 4DS-3 - 1, 0% and for the mixture 5VS-3 - 1.9%, and when scattered through a sieve of 132 microns, it was obtained: for the mixture 1NS - 19.2%, for the mixture 2DS-2 - 18.0%, for the mixture 3VS-2 - 17.4%, for the mixture 4DS-3 - 20.6% and for the mixture 5VS-3 - 19.8%. Investigated multicomponent samples: 4DS-3; 3VS-2; 5VS-3: 2DS-2; 1HC according to the results of expert opinions can be recommended for industrial processing of composite grain mixtures into flour as food additives balanced in amino acid composition. The use of the developed technological scheme of grinding makes it possible to obtain the required granulometric composition of flour used in baking flour culinary products. In the presence of large fractions inside the functional mixture, it leads to inclusions that are clearly reflected in the crumb of buns, which is negatively evaluated by consumers.
Prerequisites and effectiveness of the introduction of precision farming elements in the sowing of grain crops in the Leningrad region
Authors: Perekopskiy Alexandr , Smelik Viktor , Zakharov Anton
Published: September 2023

Effective farming is the basis of Russia's food security. At the present stage, the agricultural industry, and in particular crop production, is experiencing a constant shortage of qualified machine operators, highperformance equipment, there is no developed infrastructure, etc. The main direction of agricultural production in the North-Western region of the Russian Federation should be resource conservation and technological modernization, including through the use of "precision agriculture" (PA). It has been revealed that there are prerequisites for this: there are enterprises in the Leningrad Region where PA elements have been introduced. The analysis of the sowing campaign on a specific example of an enterprise for soil preparation and sowing of grain crops revealed factors affecting the productivity of aggregates and additional costs. The prerequisites for the introduction of PA elements in the sowing of grain crops were: large overlap on the aisles of the units, work on the incomplete width of the guns, curved movement of the units across the field, incorrect rotation scheme of the unit with manual control. Fuel overspending on soil preparation and sowing of grain crops in monetary terms amounts to 513632 rubles with manual control of the units, and with an automatic control system of 2.5 cm and an RTK station will amount to 20496 rubles.
Strawberry yield monitoring based on a convolutional neural network using high-resolution aerial orthoimages
Authors: Kutyrev Alexey , Rostislav Filippov
Published: September 2023

This article presents the results of studies comparing the quality of work of two modern models of convolutional neural networks YOLOv7 and YOLOv8 used to monitor the yield of strawberries. To do this, we used the transfer method of machine learning models on a set of collected data consisting of four classes of development of generative formations of strawberry. As a result of the study, we obtained a data set that contained images of flowers, ovaries, mature and not mature berries. To ensure the balance of classes in the dataset, the Oversampling method was used, which included the generation of new images by applying various operations, such as resizing the image, normalizing brightness and contrast, converting images by rotating them by a certain angle and reflection, random noise addition, Gaussian blur. To collect data (images) in the field, a DJI Phantom 2 quadrocopter with a DJI Zenmuse Gimbal suspension and a GoPro HD HERO3 camera was used. To assess the quality of the YOLOv7 and YOLOv8 models when recognizing specified classes, well-known metrics were used that estimate the proportion of objects found that are really objects of a given class, such as Precision, Recall and mAP. Analysis of the results showed that the mAP metric for all classes of the YOLOv7 convolutional neural network model was 0,6, and the YOLOv8 model was 0,762. Analysis of the test sample images showed that the average absolute percentage error of image recognition of all classes by the YOLOv7 and YOLOv8 models was 9,2%. The most difficult to recognize was class the ovary of strawberries, the average absolute percentage error of which was 13,2%. In further studies, the use of high-resolution stereo cameras is recommended, which will further improve the accuracy of monitoring potential yields due to the possibility of determining the dimensional parameters of strawberry fruits and constructing 3D models of elevation maps using photogrammetry.
Experience of technical development of obtaining cold as a component of national food security
Authors: Ivanov Pavel , Asmankin Evgeny , Ushakov Yuriy , Ryazanov Alexey , Neifeld Elena
Published: September 2023

A priori, the fact remains that the current situation of the development of the agricultural sector in Russia is certainly connected with ensuring food security. This article reveals the historical and technical experience of solving the issues of providing cold and operational manufacturability of modern storage facilities, including a buried type, taking into account the dynamics of development and improvement of the qualities of cryogenic equipment. The article assesses the possibility of optimizing the temperature regime of storage facilities on the basis of expanding the functional potential of existing devices and introducing new production systems integrated on the basis of an alternative gravitational-type drive, the operation of which is carried out due to the cyclical formation of volumetric masses of liquid in storage tanks before it is supplied to the consumer, as well as air flow formation systems in natural cold conditions.
Leveraging smart contracts for enhanced efficiency in the agro-industrial complex and agriculture
Authors: Nazarov Anton , Nazarov Dmitry
Published: September 2023

This article explores the potential application and impact of smart contracts on the agro-industrial complex and agriculture. Recognizing the significance of these sectors to global economies, the study investigates how the implementation of blockchain-based smart contracts can address existing challenges such as transaction inefficiencies, transparency issues, and disputes in contractual obligations. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, data is collected from both primary and secondary sources and subsequently analyzed. Preliminary findings suggest that smart contracts can substantially enhance operational efficiency, transparency, and trust among stakeholders in the agro-industry. However, the adoption process poses its own challenges, including a steep learning curve and resistance to change. The study concludes by providing recommendations for effective smart contract implementation in the agro-industrial sector and suggesting areas for future research. The article contributes to the understanding of technology-driven solutions in the agriculture industry and can inform policy and decision-making processes.
Assessment of the genotypes of jersey cows by the molecular markers of the kappa-casein gene
Authors: Glotova Galina , Pozolotina Valentina
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to an urgent issue in the era of import substitution – the search for markers that can increase milk productivity. As the obtained research results have shown, genotyping using allelic variants of the kappa-casein gene will make it possible to make and generalize the selection and picking of the desired animal genotypes for practical breeding in order to increase protein content.
Application of a biomedical hardware-software complex for the study of ultradian rhythms by heart rate variability
Authors: Bashkireva Anastasia , Chibisov Sergey , Bashkireva Tatyana , Prutzkow Alexander , Maksimov Dmitriy
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of the study of ultradian rhythms by amplitudes (A) and periods (T) of spectral characteristics (HF, LF, VLF, ULF) of the heart rate variability method using the HOLTERLIVE software package in ISCIM6.0 statistical processing in men, participants in a trans latitudinal flight and landing on the Arctic islands. The analysis of THF and TLF of the shows the symmetry and stability of adaptive reactions, while the range of ultra-slow (TVLF) and ultra-slow (TULF) waves shows the asymmetry and instability of the adaptive processes of the body of participants in a trans-latitude flight and landing on the Arctic islands. The transitions of the amplitude (A) and periods (T) of the power of harmonics from symmetry to asymmetry revealed in the examined people characterize the transitional states in the regulation's control of the heart rhythm.
Adaptogens in animal husbandry of Yakutia
Authors: Cherkashina Anna
Published: September 2023

Sable breeding is a new promising branch of animal husbandry in Yakutia. Since the end of 2019. Caged sables are imported from the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Tatarstan to the "Pokrovskoye Zverokhozyaystvo" (eng.: Pokrovsk Animal Farm) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The initial goal is to preserve imported breeding sables for their further reproduction. In the period from 2020 to 2022, 891 animals participated in the experiment to study the effect of adaptogens on the safety of caged sables. The influence of Eleutherococcus, succinic acid and pine buds was studied. The best indicators were noted in the experimental group treated with pine buds, safety ranged from 73.33-86.61%. A positive effect of pine buds on the participation of female sables in the rut was also established - 60.58%.
Relationship between stand and regeneration of Picea obovata Ledeb. and Abies sibirica Ledeb. in the primary and secondary forests of the Southern Ural Mountains
Authors: Ivanova Natalya , Petrova Irina
Published: September 2023

The aim of the research is to reveal the relationship between the age and composition of the forest stand and the regeneration of Picea obovata Ledeb. and Abies sibirica Ledeb. Null hypothesis: we can estimate young generations of P. obovata and A. sibirica under the forest canopy based on the composition and age of the forest stand. The studies conducted in the most widespread forest type of the South Ural Mountains confirmed our null hypothesis about the possibility of modelling the regeneration of P. obovata and A. sibirica by the structure of the stand. The number of young generations of P. obovata and A. sibirica showed high sensitivity to the age and composition of the stand. The graphical models developed by us can be used to combine with forest management data in order to obtain large-scale data on the regeneration of woody plants in the primary spruce small-grass-green mossy forests and secondary birch and aspen forests of the South Ural Mountains. In order to expand the scope of application of the developed models, it is planned to conduct additional studies for other forest types of the Urals.
Investigation of Biodegradation of Polylactide Product Samples under Various Temperature and Soil Conditions
Authors: Ertiletskaya Natalya , Sukhanova Anna , Prokopchuk Yulia , Boyandin Anatoly , Brott Valeria
Published: September 2023

In this work, the biodegradation of polylactide films, granules and tapes at temperatures of 23 °C and 8 °C in humus and chernozem soils was investigated. It was found that under the conditions studied, polylactide products are poorly biodegradable – for 84 days of exposure in the soil, the weight loss of all products did not exceed 10%. According to the results of microbiological assessment of the microflora of soils in which destruction occurred, no destructors of this type of biodegradable polymer were identified by inoculation in nutrient media containing polymer as the only carbon source.
A Technique for Computer-Assisted Literature Searches
Authors: Pelley William B.
Published: September 2023

A technique is presented for the perfusionist who does not have the time nor the facilities to do literature searches for research projects or for basic education, but who has access to a microcomputer. The software program PROFILEa was presented and reviewed as a possible solution to that problem. After developing the working program and entering a database of 300 article titles, it is concluded that PROFILE and a microcomputer can fill the need for the perfusionist who does not have access to other literature searches.
The Immediate Hemodynamic and Metabolic Effects of Bolus Injections of Pharmacologic Agents During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Riley Jeffrey B. , Zaidan James R.
Published: September 2023

The cardiovascular and arterial reservoir level responses to injections of phenylephrine (1.2 micrograms/kilogram (ugm/kg)), chlorpromazine (.01 milligram/kilogram (mg/kg)), phentolamine (.01 mg/kg), pancuronium (.045 mg/kg), diazepam (.11 mg/kg), fentanyl citrate (5.2 ugm/kg) and morphine sulfate (.12 mg/kg) into the defoamer of a bubble oxygenator were observed.

The arteriolar geometric component (GC) was isolated by dividing the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) by the blood viscosity estimated with hematocrit and temperature. The patient’s venous capacitance change was measured by observing the change in the oxygenator arterial reservoir volume (RV). Direct measurement of arterial and venous oxygen saturation, blood flow, and hemoglobin concentration were employed to calculate the patient’s actual oxygen transfer (VO2). The percent of ideal VO2 (%VO2,i) then was calculated by dividing the actual VO2 by the VO2 expected for the patient’s age, body surface area and temperature. Percent change from baseline value in the three indices was reported for three consecutive forty second intervals. Average baseline SVR index, cardiac index, temperature, drug amount and number of circulations are reported in a two-minute graphic profile.

Phenylephrine decreased % VO2,i and increased R V, while chlorpromazine, diazepam, and fentanyl citrate increased % VO2,i and decreased RV to varying degrees. Pancuronium and morphine sulfate did not affect GC. However, they caused transient increases in % VO2,i. Phentolamine concurrently decreased % VO2,i and GC.

The hemodynamic-oxygen consumption profile is a useful clinical tool in determining adequacy of the total body O2 delivery in patients of extreme weight and body surface area or in patients receiving vasoactive drugs during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
A Simple and Effective Method for Administration of Blood Cardioplegia
Authors: DiGregorio Paul J. , Horvath Thomas , Markowitz Alan
Published: September 2023

A simple blood cardioplegia delivery system is described that is capable of delivering cardioplegia solution at any designated temperature between go C. and 37° C. Specific ratios of blood to crystalloid solution are possible. Infusion pressure monitoring is simple. It is relatively inexpensive and can be easily utilized with available equipment.
Conversion of Dilute Pump Blood to Whole Blood by Single Pass Ultrafiltration
Authors: Tamari Yehuda , Nelson Roy , Levy Ronald , Rea Nancy , Salogub Michelle , Carolina Clifford , Hall Michael , Moccio Carmine , Tortolani Anthony
Published: September 2023

Ultrafiltration (UF) effectively reverses hemodilution. However, when used to concentrate pump blood post-bypass, the recirculation method does not make concentrated blood available until all the blood has been processed. To make concentrated whole blood immediately available, we have investigated the use of a single pass ultrafiltration (SPUF) technique in 7 patients. By reducing the blood flow, the concentration of the blood components at the outlet of the ultrafilter (UF) was sufficient to allow direct transfusion. After bypass, the blood in the oxygenator (1664 ± 112 ml) was pumped (153 ± 12 mllmin) through an UF device and into a transfusion bag. Suction (- 480 torr) applied to the device extracted plasma water (82 ± 3 ml/min). SPUF concentrated the diluted pump blood as follows (mean ± standard error of the means): WBC from 8.5 ± 1.2 to 16.3 ± 2.5 × 103/ul, hemoglobin (6.5 ± 0.2 to 13.2 ± 0.5 gr/dl), platelets (135 ± 14 to 224 ± 32 × 103/ul), albumin (2.9 ± 0.2 to 7.6 ± 0.6 gr/dl) and fibrinogen (114 ± 9 to 274 ± 26 mg/dl). For heparin neutralized plasma, there was a decrease towards normal in prothrombin time (17.9 ± 0.6 to 14.1 ± 0.3 sec) and activated partial thromboplastin time (46 ± 2 to 32 ± 2 sec). There was no net increase in plasma free homoglobin. Red cell indices tended to normalize. Following transfusion of the concentrated blood there were increases in albumin (3.4 ± 0.2 to 3.9 ± 0.2 gr/dl) and hemoglobin (8.5 ± 0.6 to 9.5 ± 0.6 gr/dl). There were no statistically significant changes in white blood cells, platelets, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time. Conclusion: SPUF is an efficient, useful, safe, simple and rapid method for obtaining whole blood for immediate transfusion.
Clinical Results with the Use of Blood Cardioplegia in the Community Hospital
Authors: Pelley William B.
Published: September 2023

A retrospective data collection was carried out in order to determine the efficacy of blood cardioplegia in the community hospital setting. A total of 97 patient charts were reviewed and divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 72 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting including three patients requiring concurrent left ventricular aneurysm resection. Group B consisted of all other procedures. Eleven (15%) patients in Group A required vasopressor support and eight (11%) patients required the use of an intra-aortic ballon. While six patients had elevations in enzyme levels, only one of them required the use of an intra-aortic balloon. Two of the patients had balloons inserted pre-operatively for pre-infarction angina. Five (20%) patients in Group B required vasopressor support and two (8%) patients required use of an intra-aortic balloon. There were two early deaths in this group. Four (16%) patients were identified as having a perioperative infarct. There was an overall mortality of 2% in the review. This may indicate that our use of blood cardioplegia was safe and effective.
Air-Eliminating Characteristics of Five Cardiotomy Reservoirs
Authors: Bobby James E.
Published: September 2023

Five unfiltered cardiotomy reservoirs were bench-tested to determine their effectiveness at producing air-free blood. The test circuit closely resembled our clinical setup.

Pump blood with a hematocrit of 22 - 25% and ACT greater than 400 seconds was pumped through the test reservoirs at flows of .3, .5, . 7, 1.0, and 1.3 liters per minute, and at reservoir levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 100 mi. Thirty-five separate runs were done on each of five reservoirs. Blood was filtered through a 20 micron filter before being recycled. The number of gaseous emboli emanating from the reservoirs was estimated using a Technique Labs bubble activity monitor. Gross air production and transmission were measured by aspiration of the accumulated air from a 20 micron cardiotomy filter.

The reservoirs were ranked at the 35 flow-level combinations as follows: lowest bubble count = 1, highest count = 5. The average ranks were: Intersept HRI8900- 10, 1.1; Harvey H500, 2.4; Shiley CARD, 2. 7; Bentley BCR 3000, 4. 1; and Dideco D 640, 4.7. Total air accumulated for all 35 runs for each reservoir was: Intersept HRI 8900- 10, 10cc.; Bentley BCR 3000, 56 cc.; Harvey H 500, 544 cc.; Shiley CARD, 918 cc.; and Dideco D 640, 2036 cc. In both tests. the Intersept was the most effective and the Dideco proved the least effective.
Case Reports: Thrombus Formation in the Extracorporeal Circuit
Authors: Hardin Scott B.
Published: September 2023

Two cases in which thrombus was formed in the extracorporeal circuit are presented. In the first case, a small thrombus formed from packed cells added to the prime adhered to the front wall of the arterial reservoir. It proved to be incidental to the progress of the surgical procedure and recovery of the patient. In the second case, a large quantity or protaminized blood was aspirated into the circuit post-bypass. Complications at the surgical field required the immediate re-institution of bypass and, despite changing the oxygenator, bypass management was severely limited. The patient subsequently expired. As these cases represent different ends of the spectrum in regards to their origin, effects on bypass management, and patient impact, their similarities and differences are identified and discussed. The importance of circuit design and the reserve capacity of its components when presented with these abnormal situations is reviewed.