bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Value of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Features for WHO/ISUP Grading in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Xiao , Nie Fang , Zhu Ju , Liu Luping , Wang Nan
Published: January 2023

Objectives

By analyzing the differences of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features between low‐ and high‐grade of WHO/ISUP grading, to explore the diagnostic value of CEUS in evaluating the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods

The qualitative and quantitative features of CEUS in 69 patients with RCC confirmed by surgical pathology in the Lanzhou University Second Hospital from March to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into two groups: low‐grade group (n = 22) and high‐grade group (n = 47), with surgical pathology as reference standard. The diagnostic performance of statistically significant CEUS features was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in enhancement degree (P = .032) and quantitative features such as slopelesion (P = .034), the differences between lesion and cortex in arrive time (∆AT = ATlesion − ATcortex, P = .013), peak intensity(∆PI = [PIlesion − PIcortex]/PIcortex, P = .003), area under the curve (∆Area = Arealesion − Areacortex, P = .008) in two groups, and the sensitivity was 70.2% and specificity was 71.4% of ∆PI, which has a high diagnostic performance in the differentiation of low‐grade group from high‐grade group (P = .005).

Conclusions

CEUS features such as ∆PI, may help differentiate low‐grade RCC from high‐grade RCC. CEUS has a promising application prospect in preoperative evaluation of the prognosis of RCC.
Dermatomyositis following COVID‐19 vaccination: Temporal or causal association?
Authors: Ouni Nour E. I. , Lahouel Maha , Ben Salah Nesrine , Mokni Sana , Sriha Badreddine , Belajouza Colandane , Denguesli Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Several cutaneous complications have been reported with COVID‐19 vaccines. Most of them are benign and consist mainly of delayed local reactions, urticaria, and morbilliform eruptions. Dermatomyositis (DM) is a multi‐system autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the skin, skeletal muscle and blood vessels. We describe a rare case of DM after administering the first dose of the Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccine. The causal relation was suggested based on the timing of the onset and the absence of other triggering factors.
Ultra‐Low‐Loss Silicon Nitride Photonics Based on Deposited Films Compatible with Foundries
Authors: Ji Xingchen , Okawachi Yoshitomo , Gil‐Molina Andres , Corato‐Zanarella Mateus , Roberts Samantha , Gaeta Alexander L. , Lipson Michal
Published: January 2023

The fabrication processes of silicon nitride (Si3N4) photonic devices used in foundries require low temperature deposition, which typically leads to high propagation losses. Here, it is shown that propagation loss as low as 0.42 dB cm−1can be achieved using foundry compatible processes by solely reducing waveguide surface roughness. By postprocessing the fabricated devices using rapid thermal anneal (RTA) and furnace anneal, propagation losses down to 0.28 dB cm−1and 0.06 dB cm−1, respectively, are achieved. These low losses are comparable to the conventional devices using high temperature, high‐stress LPCVD films. The dispersion of the devices is also tuned, and it is proved that these devices can be used for linear and nonlinear applications. Low threshold parametric oscillation, broadband frequency combs, and narrow‐linewidth laser are demonstrated. This work demonstrates the feasibility of scalable photonic systems based on foundries.
Risk of bleeding with factor Xa inhibitors versus unfractionated heparin in patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: Aprilliano Bianca , Giuliano Christopher , Paxton Renee Alexander , Edwin Stephanie B.
Published: January 2023

Study Objective

To compare bleeding and thromboembolic events in patients receiving therapeutic doses of apixaban or rivaroxaban versus unfractionated heparin (UFH) in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Design

Single‐center, retrospective, observational study.

Setting

Ascension St. John Hospital in Detroit, Michigan.

Patients

Hospitalized adult patients who received therapeutic doses of factor Xa inhibitors (n = 250) or UFH (n = 250) for at least 24 h in the setting of AKI.

Measurements and Main Results

After adjusting for confounding factors, patients who received a factor Xa inhibitor experienced a lower risk of composite major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB) events compared with UFH (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34–0.94; p = 0.03). There was a significantly decreased risk of CRNMB events in the factor Xa inhibitor group (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33–0.91, p = 0.02); however, no significant differences in major bleeding or venous thromboembolism (VTE) were noted.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that it may be preferable to continue patients in AKI on factor Xa inhibitors versus transitioning to UFH due to the lower risk of bleeding events.
Impact of pre‐existing mental health disorders on the receipt of guideline recommended cancer treatments: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Yueh‐Hsin , Aggarwal Ajay , Stewart Robert , Davies Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Disparities in cancer outcomes for individuals with pre‐existing mental health disorders have already been identified, particularly for cancer screening and mortality. We aimed to systematically review the influence on the time from cancer diagnosis to cancer treatment, treatment adherence, and differences in receipt of guideline recommended cancer treatment.

Methods

We included international studies published in English from 1 January 1995 to 23 May 2022 by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and APA PsycInfo.

Results

This review identified 29 studies with 27 being published in the past decade. Most studies focused on breast, non‐small cell lung and colorectal cancer and were of high or medium quality as assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. All studies were from high‐income countries, and mostly included patients enrolled in national health insurance systems. Five assessed the impact on treatment delay or adherence, and 25 focused on the receipt of guideline recommended treatment. 20/25 studies demonstrated evidence that patients with pre‐existing mental health disorders were less likely to receive guideline recommended therapies such as surgery or radiotherapy. In addition, there was a greater likelihood of receiving less intensive or modified treatment including systemic therapy.

Conclusions

Across different cancer types and treatment modalities there is evidence of a clear disparity in the receipt of guideline recommended cancer treatment for patients with pre‐existing mental health disorders. The effect of pre‐existing mental health disorders on treatment delay or adherence is under‐researched. Future research needs to include low‐ and middle‐income countries as well as qualitative investigations to understand the reasons for disparities in cancer treatment.
Efficacy of group therapy to reduce mental distress in women with non‐metastatic breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rosendahl Jenny , Gawlytta Romina , Ressel Eva , Rodeck Johanna , Strauss Bernhard , Mehnert‐Theuerkauf Anja , Koranyi Susan
Published: January 2023

Objective

Group treatments have proven to be effective for many mental disorders and showed beneficial effects in patients with medical illness. Aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to summarize the efficacy of group therapy for women with non‐metastatic breast cancer.

Methods

We included studies comparing group therapy for women with non‐metastatic breast cancer to non‐active control groups, active control conditions, and individual psychotherapy. The primary outcome was mental distress, secondary outcomes were quality of life, coping, existential outcomes, fatigue, pain, and side effects. A comprehensive search was conducted in Medline, Web of Science, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and DARE complemented by a manual search. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were run separately for different types of control groups.

Results

Thirty‐seven studies (5902 patients) were included. Small effects on mental distress in favor of group treatment were found (non‐active control groups: n = 19, g = 0.42, 95% CI [0.29; 0.56], I2 = 61.6%; active control conditions: n = 6, g = 0.20, 95% CI [0.06; 0.35], I2 = 0%). Cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) and third wave CBT group approaches proved to be most effective. Group treatments also showed beneficial effects on secondary outcomes, with most profound evidence on quality of life and coping.

Conclusions

Results suggest that group interventions have the potential to reduce mental distress in women facing breast cancer. In the light of the considerable heterogeneity of most study effects, there is a need for more rigorous studies to strengthen the promising evidence and for trials examining the impact of patient and intervention characteristics on outcomes.

Registration

PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews, CRD42020184357.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia: A multicenter survey on clinical practice and patient management in Italy
Authors: Ullmann Nicola , Santamaria Francesca , Allegorico Annalisa , Fainardi Valentina , Borrelli Melissa , Ferraro Valentina A. , Proietti Elena , Parisi Giuseppe F. , Romagnoli Vittorio , Lucca Francesca , Gallucci Marcella , Mappa Luigi , Lelii Mara , Amato Doriana , Petrarca Laura , Cimino Giuseppe , Sacco Oliviero , Calogero Claudia , Patria Maria Francesca , Acquafredda Angelo , Ferlisi Annalisa , Maschio Massimo , Kantar Ahmad , Cutrera Renato
Published: January 2023

Introduction

There are no recent data on primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) distribution, diagnosis and treatment in Italy.

Methods

A descriptive study based on a survey questionnaire. It consisted of three sections (patients, diagnosis, and treatment), and sent to all the Italian PCD Centers.

Results

Questionnaires obtained from 20/22 centers in 12/20 regions showed that the total number of PCD patients treated at the participating centers was of 416. Out of all centers, 55% follow <20 patients, two centers have >40 patients, and 75% follow both pediatric and adults. Age at diagnosis was between 4 and 8 years in 45% of the centers, <3 years in three centers. Nasal nitric oxide, transmission electron microscopy and ciliary high‐speed video microscopy are performed in 75%, 90%, and 40% of centers, respectively. Immunofluorescence is available in five centers. Genetic analysis is offered in 55% of the centers, and in seven centers >50% of the patients have a known genetic profile. Patients treated at all centers receive inhaled saline solutions, corticosteroids and chest physiotherapy. Prophylactic antibiotics and mucolytics are prescribed in 95% and 50% of the centers, respectively. Pseudomonas infection is treated with oral or inhaled antibiotics.

Conclusions

Many Italian centers care for a small number of pediatric and adult patients, and diagnosis is often delayed. We found a great variability in the available diagnostic procedures, as well in the prescribed therapies. Our study will help to uniform diagnostic algorithm and share treatments protocols for PCD in Italy and allowed to set specific national goals.
Machine learning and dynamics based error‐index method for the detection of monsoon onset vortex over the Arabian Sea: Climatology and composite structures
Authors: Sasanka Talukdar , Osuri Krishna K. , Niyogi Dev
Published: January 2023

Monsoon onset vortex (MOV) forms over the Arabian Sea near the northern flank of the low‐level jet during the monsoon onset over Kerala (MOK). The study concerns the development and evaluation of an algorithm for detecting and tracking MOVs in regional/global analyses. The first step involves preparing the first‐guess database of MOV locations based on geopotential height, surface and 850 hPa wind magnitude and circulation from ERA5 reanalysis for 1982–2020. Three different approaches: (a) error‐index of MOV, (b) machine‐learning (ML), and (c) combination of error‐index and ML models, are employed to detect MOV. The error‐index method, in which the detected vortex is compared with the idealized vortex, achieves an accuracy of 0.6 with a 0.95 true‐positive‐rate and 0.55 false‐positive‐rate. The best ML models can identify the MOVs in the training samples with maximum accuracy of 0.99. However, their accuracy is limited in tracking the MOVs continuously in the global analyses as they are not trained with wind circulation. The combined error‐index and ML models could detect all the 27 observed MOVs in the ERA5 reanalysis with 5 false‐positives. This approach is tested on IMDAA reanalysis, and the success rate is 0.79 with 6 false‐positives. Temporal analyses show that ∼95% of the MOVs occur during −10 to +20 days from MOK. Composite structures indicate that the MOVs exhibit higher sea‐surface temperatures (>0.3 °C) in the forward sector with 85% cloud cover in the left‐rear sector. Rainfall of 4–5 mm·hr−1 is seen in the left sector. Upper‐level (700–200 hPa) warm core (>3.5°C) and lower‐level (1000–700 hPa) cold‐core (<1°C) is evident. The composite structures of MOVs are almost similar to that of monsoon depressions with higher asymmetry in the forward‐rear sectors. This study may help explore future projections of MOV activity from climate models and its relationship with monsoon rainfall activity.
Data‐driven mixed‐sensitivity control with automated weighting functions selection
Authors: Valceschini Nicholas , Mazzoleni Mirko , Formentin Simone , Previdi Fabio
Published: January 2023

System identification plays a key role in robust control, as not only it provides a nominal model for model‐based design, but also the estimate of the model uncertainty can be employed for guaranteeing robust stability and performance. In this paper, we investigate the use of kernel‐based identification methods in mixed‐sensitivity control, and we show that, using the uncertainty description returned by such methods, we can alsoautomate the selectionof the optimal weights, which represent the most critical knobs in real‐world applications. We finally compare our approach with a benchmark prediction‐error method on a numerical case study. Simulation results illustrate that kernel‐based identification might be more suited for robust control, due to its low‐bias modeling capability.
Unraveling the Potential Role of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs): Synthesis of Ketazines & Pyrazolines
Authors: Wagay Shafieq Ahmad , Ali Rashid
Published: January 2023

Increasing demand to curtail the usage of hazardous organic solvents, reagents and/or catalysts, has engrossed the interest of the scientific community towards the development of next generation liquid media, commonly known as the ‘deep eutectic solvents’ (DESs). Bearing the significant role of ketazine and pyrazoline derivatives in mind, herein, after screening various DESs for the condensation of ketones and hydrazine followed by the cyclization to produce corresponding pyrazolines, a low melting mixture of citric acid: N,N‐dimethyl urea (CA:DMU) in 2 : 3 ratio was found to be the best choice for this particular transformation. Interestingly, the DESs was recycled easily and reused up to four times without affecting the yield of the product to a greater extent. Hopefully, this method may be useful to generate different kinds of valuable ketazines as well as pyrazoline derivatives of particular interest in years to come.
A Porous Ni@SiO2 Nanocatalysts for CO2 Methane Reforming
Authors: Yang Wenshi , Chen Jianyong , Tu Junling , Lim Zi‐Yian , Chen Baiman
Published: January 2023

Porous Ni@SiO core‐shell catalysts (Ni@SiO2‐xC10) were modified by selective etching in a mild alkaline solution using decyltrimethylammonium bromide (C10TAB). The effects of C10TAB concentration on the Ni@SiO2 nanoparticles were explored and used in the dry reforming of methane. It can change the physicochemical properties of Ni@SiO2, and the modified Ni@SiO2‐xC10 exhibits better catalytic performance than Ni@SiO2. TEM, N2‐isotherm, and H2‐TPR results show that Ni@SiO2‐xC10 modified with a sufficient concentration of C10TAB has a mesoporous core‐shell structure, which not only increases the pore volume and surface area but also enhances the metal‐support interaction; XPS and TEM results indicate that Ni nanoparticles are confined within the mesoporous core‐shell, which inhibits the migration of Ni nanoparticles at high temperature. The Ni@SiO2‐2C10 catalyst showed optimal catalytic performance under reaction conditions of 800 °C, N2 : CH4 : CO2=1 : 1 : 1, and WHSV of 126000 mLgcat−1 h−1 with increased conversion of CH4 (>79 %) and CO2 (>84 %) within 50 h.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of a ZnO/CdS Heterostructure for Hydrogen Production and Mixed Dye Degradation
Authors: Qi Caili , Guo Xiaojing , Lu Bin , Ruan Bei , Li Ping
Published: January 2023

ZnO/CdS composite was prepared using a simple one‐step hydrothermal method, and its photocatalytic performance was investigated under different conditions. The photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO/CdS was 6345.04 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 in H2 production from water splitting using Na2S and Na2SO3 as sacrificial agents. The photocatalytic efficiency of eosin Y‐sensitized ZnO/CdS was 6939.39 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 when triethanolamine was used as a sacrificial agent. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO/CdS was better than those of pristine ZnO and CdS during H2 evolution. The ZnO/CdS composite also exhibited superior photocatalytic activity compared to pristine ZnO and CdS in the degradation of a mixed dye pollutant. The degradation rates of methylene blue, rhodamine B, and orange G in the mixed dye after 120 min of irradiation were 99.41 %, 92.96 %, and 65.74 %, respectively. Possible mechanisms for photocatalytic H2 production and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants have been proposed.
Modelling of Tungsten (C59W), Osmium (C59Os), and Platinum (C59Pt) Doped Fullerenes for Drug Delivery of Biguanides (BNG) and Metformin (MET): DFT Perspective
Authors: Louis Hitler , Akem Martilda U. , Benjamin Innocent , Chukwu Udochukwu G. , Asogwa Fredrick C. , Adeyinka Adedapo S.
Published: January 2023

Owing to the vast range of exciting ideas and chances for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, the number of people with the disease has increased significantly in both developed and developing nations, with the greatest burden typically falling on indigenous people and socially disadvantaged groups. Nanostructures, however, have drawn a lot of interest because of their capacity to specifically target diabetes cells without damaging healthy cells. Herein, the potential of fullerene (C60) surface doped with C59Os, C59W, and C59Pt is explored as drug delivery systems for biguanides and metformin using density functional theory (DFT) computation at the M06‐2X/Gen/LanL2DZ/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. Interestingly, results obtained in this investigation specify that metformin interacts with both the doped and updoped surfaces more strongly than biguanides. Fascinatingly, the energy gap obtained from frontier molecular orbital (FMO) accounted for the significant reactivity and stability strength in the following order: MET@C59W>MET@C59Pt>MET@C59Os>MET@C60, whereas BGN@C59 W>BGN@C59Pt>BGN@C59Os>BGN@C60. Substantially, hydrogen bonding was found to be crucial in the interactions between the drug molecules and all doped and undoped surfaces through non‐covalent interaction (NCI) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). Also worth mentioning is the complexes′ propensity for forward electron transfer, which is aided by their severe electronegative values, thus explicating that the doped surfaces are a preferable carrier for both metformin and biguanides. Although, theoretically, it follows that doped surfaces are promising drug delivery targets most notably for metformin.
In VitroPhotodynamic Activities of Amphiphilic Phthalocyanine‐Amino Appendedβ‐Cyclodextrin Conjugates as Efficient Schiff Base Photosensitizer
Authors: Reza Karimi Ali , Khodadadi Azam , Azadikhah Farnaz , Hadizadeh Mahnaz
Published: January 2023

Water‐soluble phthalocyanine has been considered as a potential photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. To achieve the best efficiency of phthalocyanine in PDT, amphiphilic zinc phthalocyanine was purposely designed and synthesized by conjugation withβ‐cyclodextrin. Herein, we synthesized two novel zinc phthalocyanine derivatives connected toβ‐cyclodextrin moieties through covalent Schiff base linkage (TFP‐ZnPc/AβCD). In this procedure, aldehyde substituted phthalocyanine and amino‐appendedβ‐cyclodextrins with different length amino side chains were used. The compounds were characterized using FT‐IR,1H NMR, MALDI‐TOF, and UV‐vis. The newly designed photosensitizers did not self‐assemble in water and generated significant singlet oxygenvia1,3‐DPBF (1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran) bleaching. Simultaneously, longer amino side chains increase1O2production efficiency. The PDT activity of the new TFP‐ZnPc/AβCD complexes was then examined on human breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐231) and fibroblast cells.In vitroresults show that PDT is more effective against cancer cells than normal cells. The new TFP‐ZnPc/AβCD could be an effective PDT drug.
Chitosan Salts as Stabilizing Agents for the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
Authors: Costa Marina , Carreiro Elisabete P. , Filho Cesar M. C. , Silva Mara , Gonçalves Isabel , Souza Esmar F. , Teixeira António P. S. , Craveiro Alexandre , Burke Anthony J.
Published: January 2023

In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained by a chemical reduction method using different chitosan salts as stabilizing agents, able to protect and prevent against the aggregation of the nanoparticles. Various chitosan salts with different organic acids, which included: acetic, succinic, formic, propionic, malic, glycolic and lactic acid were used to form the chitosan salts. The use of these organic acids represents a viable, sustainable, environmentally friendly and economical way to synthesized AgNPs. The AgNPs‐chitosan salts samples were analyzed by UV‐VIS, ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy, DLS, and TEM. Most of the organic acids led to nanoparticles with small dimensions (30–52 nm) and positive zeta‐potential. However, those AgNPs‐chitosan that were stabilized by the salts of α‐hydroxyacids and diacids, like glycolate and succinate, led to larger particles. The stability study under different storage conditions and time showed that the silver nanoparticles are more stable when storage at cold temperatures.
Photophysical Modulation of Rhodamine‐B via π‐π stacking with GQD and Its Further Tuning by Cucurbit[7]uril**
Authors: Chakraborty Goutam , Bondarde Mahesh P. , Ray Alok K. , Some Surajit
Published: January 2023

Herein, we report modulation of photophysical properties of a rhodamine B (RhB) upon interaction with a synthesized graphene quantum dot (GQD). The GQD nanomaterial was prepared through a facile top‐down liquid phase peeling technique, starting from synthesized graphene oxide (GO). The detailed characterization using FT‐IR, XPS, AFM and TEM revealed that the GQDs consisted of 2–3 graphene layers with about 5 nm size dots and major functional groups −COOH and −OH on the surface edges. The modulations in the absorption and emission spectra of RhB in ethanol and water with the addition of the prepared GQD were observed using UV‐vis absorption, steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Such photophysical modulations of RhB can be attributed to the synergistic effect of charge transfer and π‐π interactions between the electron rich GQDs and the cationic RhB molecules. Importantly, strong ability of the GQDs to quench the fluorescence of RhB, in addition to its modulated ground state absorption spectra, indicated the dynamic and static quenching mechanism. Further, the addition of the macrocyclic host cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) to the RhB@GQD composite in water caused anticipated recovery of fluorescence of the RhB dye, indicating a weak non‐covalent interaction between the GQDs and RhB. Hence, this study might provide a fresh outlook on the interactions of photoluminescent GQDs and organic dye molecules for making useful functional materials.
An scFv‐Based Impedimetric Immunosensor Using SPCE/AuNP for RBD of SARS‐CoV‐2 Detection
Authors: Fadhilah Ghina Nur , Yusuf Muhammad , Sari Arum Kurnia , Tohari Taufik Ramdani , Wiraswati Hesti Lina , Ekawardhani Savira , Faridah Lia , Fauziah Nisa , Anshori Isa , Wahyuni Hartati Yeni
Published: January 2023

A single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) is an antibody fragment composed of VH and VL linked by a hydrophilic linker that can be designed according to the shape of the target molecule and synthesized in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells via biotechnology engineering. This study developed an electrochemical immunosensor that detects the RBD of SARS‐CoV‐2 using a screen‐printed carbon electrode modified with gold nanoparticles, and scFv as a bioreceptor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to measure specific interactions of antigens with antibodies. The developed immunosensor had a limit of detection and a quantification limit of 4.86 ng mL−1 and 16.20 ng mL−1, respectively. The immunosensor was stable at room temperature for up to 30 days’ storage. The immunosensor was assessed at biosafety level 3 using 33 nasopharyngeal swab specimens (clinical samples); the pieces of data were compared with quantitative Reverse Transcriptase‐PCR. The agreement of the data, the low detection limit achieved, the rapid analysis (30 min), the miniaturization, and the portability of the instrument combined with the easiness to use has the potential to become Point of Care (POC) for diagnosing the COVID‐19 disease.
Conformational Landscape and Hydrogen Bonding Pattern of Psilocin: Computational Insights
Authors: Bhadoria Poonam , Ramanathan Venkatnarayan
Published: January 2023

Conformational analysis of psilocin, a psychedelic molecule was carried out at B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ level of theory. And a global minimum was identified having highest population among all the local conformers along with second stable conformer which is 5.4 kcal/mol higher in energy than global minimum. The global mimimum is stable due to the formation of intramolecular H‐bond between ethyl amine nitrogen and indolic hydroxyl group, revealed by AIM (Atoms in molecule) analysis. This is in contradiction to earlier X‐ray crystal studies of this molecule reported in literature. Dimers of both stable conformers were studied at same level that is B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ and it was observed that the intramolecular H‐bond energy dominates over the intermolecular H‐bond in the dimers. Other calculations namely NBO (Natural bond orbital), FMO (Frontier molecular orbital), charge analysis, ESP (Electrostatic potential) mapping corroborated the AIM results in a significant manner. The spectroscopic study including UV (Ultraviolet), 1H‐NMR (Proton nuclear magnetic resonance) and vibrational modes calculation were found to be in good agreement with the data reported in literature.
Drug‐Ribosome Interaction Energies at Site‐E Reveal a Reversed Pattern with Respect to Site‐A, While Showing a Mismatch of Crystal vs. Solution Conformations
Authors: Pietra Francesco
Published: January 2023

Although ribosome is a much hunted target in cancer research, scanty success was achieved with small‐molecule modulators, either because of general toxicity or weak interactions with nucleotides and proteins. On the latter ground, the strength of interactions has been quantitatively evaluated here through MD and QM‐MM simulations in explicit water with the only models of yeast ribosome‐modulator complexes at site‐E for which static structural data were available. It turned out that site‐E is shaped per se by powerful electrostatic forces toward a Mg++ ion, which only allow adaptation of modulators to the site, by mainly sticking to the same Mg++ion. This is in contrast with site‐A, which is known from previous studies to be shaped by a network of H‐bonds with the modulator. From these studies lines of guidance begin to emerge as to tailoring ribosome modulators for better performance as antitumor agents.
Microwave‐Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis of New 6‐Arylated 5‐Hydroxy‐benzo[a]phenazine Derivatives and Their Potential Anti‐inflammatory Activity
Authors: Nguyen Ha Thanh , Nguyen Thi Thu Ha , Braire Julien , Dang Thi Tuyet Anh , Nguyen Van Tuyen
Published: January 2023

A convenient two step “one‐pot” four‐component synthetic approach was developed for the synthesis of new 6‐arylated 5‐hydroxy‐benzo[a]phenazine derivatives using 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, a variety of aromatic aldehydes, benzene‐1,2‐diamine, and tetronic acid. In all cases, the synthesis proceededviathree key steps including condensation, Michael addition, and tautomerization. The structure of synthesized compounds was elucidated by spectral data. The inhibitory effect of newly synthesized compounds on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells was assessed. All products exhibited the highly potential NO production inhibition activity with the IC50values in the range of 3.68–12.14 μM, indicating the critical role of these compounds in the development of potential anti‐inflammation agents.
Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation using Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Review
Authors: Praus Petr
Published: January 2023

In this work, research articles dealing with the photocatalytic fixation of nitrogen using graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) were reviewed starting from 2015 when the first paper on this topic was published. The NH3/NH4+ production rates were adopted from these articles and statistically processed. The highest rate obtained by the composite g‐C3N4 and 1T‐MoS2 was 11120 μmol g−1 L−1 h−1. The highest reported rate provided by bulk (bare) g‐C3N4 was 5561 μmol g−1 L−1 h−1, which was higher than 90 % of the rates provided by the various composites of g‐C3N4. The quantum efficiency of the composites varied from 0.033 to 5.65 % with a median of 1.25 %. Although these results are still not competitive with the industrial Haber‐Bosh process, graphitic carbon nitride is recommended as a promising material for the future investigation of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under visible light.
Green Approaches to Dehydrogenation of DMAB Catalyzed by Starch Stabilized Ru(0), Cu(0) and Ni(0) Nanoparticles in the Absence of a Solvent
Authors: Duman Sibel , Özhava Derya
Published: January 2023

This work covers the results of a detailed study on the in‐situ formation and catalytic use of metal nanoparticles [Ru(0), Ni(0) and Cu(0)] stabilized on starch, a biodegradable and natural polymer, in the absence of a solvent by aiming to develop a green approach providing sustainable system for hydrogen production from the dehydrogenation of dimethylamine borane (DMAB) at about room temperature, 35.0±0.1 °C. All three metals were well‐stabilized on the surface of starch with a particle size about 10.0 nm and highly active, long‐lived in hydrogen production from the dehydrogenation of DMAB at 35.0±0.1 °C with an extraordinary initial TOF and TTON values of 173 h−1 and 23000 TTON for Ru(0); 130 h−1 and 13000 TTON for Cu(0) and 37 h−1 and 4900 TTON for Ni(0) nanoparticles. Starch stabilized metal(0) nanoparticles could be isolated from the solution and characterized by UV‐vis, XRD, TGA, TEM, SEM, EDX, and XPS.
Lithographic Microneedle‐Motors from Multimodal Microfluidics for Cargo Delivery
Authors: Cai Lijun , Luo Zhiqiang , Chen Hanxu , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: January 2023

Micromotors have led to an unprecedented revolution in the field of cargo delivery. Attempts in this area trend toward enriching their structures and improving their functions to promote their further applications. Herein, novel microneedle‐motors (MNMs) for active drug delivery through a flexible multimodal microfluidic lithographic approach are presented. The multimodal microfluidics is composed of a co‐flow geometry‐derived droplet fluid and an active cargo mixed laminar flow in a triangular microchannel. The MNMs with sharp tips and spherical fuel‐loading cavities are obtained continuously from microfluidics with the assistance of flow lithography. The structural parameters of the MNMs could be precisely tailored by simply choosing the flow speed or the shape of the photomask. As the actives are mixed into the phase solution during the generation, the resultant MNMs are loaded with cargoes for direct applications without any extra complex operation. Based on these features, it is demonstrated that with sharp tips and autonomous movement, the MNMs can efficiently penetrate the tissue‐like substrates, indicating the potential in overcoming physiological barriers for cargo release. These results indicate that the proposed multimodal microfluidic lithographic MNMs are valuable for practical active cargo delivery in biomedical and other relative areas.
Continuously Flow Photothermal Catalysis Efficiently CO2 Reduction Over S‐Scheme 2D/0D Bi5O7I‐OVs/Cd0.5Zn0.5S Heterojunction with Strong Interfacial Electric Field
Authors: Gao Xiaoming , He Hongbin , Zhu Wei , Yang Chunming , Xu Kaixuan , Feng Bingbing , Hu Yanan , Fu Feng
Published: January 2023

Using CO2, water, and sunlight to produce solar fuel is a very attractive process, which can synchronously reduce carbon and convert solar energy into hydrocarbons. However, photocatalytic CO2 reduction is often limited by the low selectivity of reduction products and poor photocatalytic activity. In this study, S‐scheme Bi5O7I‐OVs/Cd0.5Zn0.5S (Bi5O7I‐OVs/CZS‐0.5) heterojunction with strong interfacial electric field (IEF) is prepared by in situ growth method. The performance of reduction CO2 to CO is studied by continuous flow photothermal catalytic (PTC) CO2 reduction platform. 12.5% Bi5O7I‐OVs/CZS‐0.5 shows excellent CO yield of 58.6 µmol g−1 h−1 and selectivity of 98.4%, which are 35.1 times than that of CZS‐0.5 under visible light. The charge transfer path of the S‐scheme through theoretical calculation (DFT), in situ irradiation Kelvin probe force microscope (ISI‐KPFM) and in situ irradiation X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISI‐XPS) analysis, is verified. The study can provide useful guidance and reference for improving activity by oxygen vacancy induced strong IEF and the development of a continuous flow PTC CO2 reduction system.
Electrical Contacts With 2D Materials: Current Developments and Future Prospects
Authors: Batool Saima , Idrees Muhammad , Han Su‐Ting , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Zhou Ye
Published: January 2023

Current electrical contact models are occasionally insufficient at the nanoscale owing to the wide variations in outcomes between 2D mono and multi‐layered and bulk materials that result from their distinctive electrostatics and geometries. Contrarily, devices based on 2D semiconductors present a significant challenge due to the requirement for electrical contact with resistances close to the quantum limit. The next generation of low‐power devices is already hindered by the lack of high‐quality and low‐contact‐resistance contacts on 2D materials. The physics and materials science of electrical contact resistance in 2D materials‐based nanoelectronics, interface configurations, charge injection mechanisms, and numerical modeling of electrical contacts, as well as the most pressing issues that need to be resolved in the field of research and development, will all be covered in this review.
Vitalism and the Problem of Individuation: Another Look at Bergson’s Élan Vital
Authors: Posteraro Tano S.
Published: January 2023

Mikhail Bakhtin’s 1926 essay, “Contemporary Vitalism,” includes Bergson alongside Driesch in a short list of “the most published representatives of vitalism in Western Europe,” and, indeed, Bakhtin’s critique of Driesch is intended to undermine what he calls the “conceptual framework” of “contemporary vitalism” as a whole (The crisis of modernism: Bergson and the vitalist controversy. Eds. Frederick Burwick and Paul Douglass. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1992, p 81). The conceptual framework that Driesch and Bergson are supposed to have shared in common consists at bottom, for Bakhtin, in the ontological commitment to the autonomy of life, “its independence, its disconnectedness from physical-chemical phenomena” (81). This has long been understood as the defining mark of vitalism, at least in the mind of its critics: the contention that matter and the mechanical models that track it are insufficient to the reality of biological forms, and that the explanation of life therefore requires the postulation of a non-mechanical, possibly immaterial, uniquely vital principle, force, substance, or property. Recent scholarship has made considerable headway in complicating these pictures by attending to earlier and subtler forms of materialism, and by distinguishing between different types of vitalism and drawing out the heuristic or scientific utility of some of them (Wolfe, Eidos 14: 212–235, 2011, Antropol Exp 17(13): 215–224, 2017; cf. Wolfe and Normandin, Vitalism and the scientific image in post-enlightenment life science, 1800–2010. Springer, Dordrecht, 2013). The focus of some of this work has been on the critical revaluation of Driesch himself (Bognon et al., Kairos J Philos Sci 20(1): 113–140, 2018). Yet the status of Bergson’s commitment to the existence of a vital principle remains underdeveloped. In the midst of what some are calling a “Bergson renaissance,” I think that it calls for the same kind of critical reappraisal (Ansell-Pearson, Bergson: thinking beyond the human condition. Bloomsbury, New York, 2018: 1; cf. Lundy, Deleuze’s Bergsonism. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, p 5, 2018). The aim of this paper is to attempt the outline of an answer to that call. I begin with a brief summary of Driesch’s vitalism, then I reconstruct Bergson’s underappreciated critique of internal finality, or what Kant called inner purposiveness, and locate in it a subterranean criticism of vital principles of the Drieschian variety as well. Two consequences follow: first, if Bergson is to be considered a vitalist, it cannot be in the Drieschian sense and we are therefore wrong to associate the two; and second, if Bergson is to be considered a vitalist, then his vitalism has to be understood—somewhat counterintuitively, and certainly contra Driesch—on the basis of a principle external to the ostensible individuality of biological forms.
„Einfache“ soziale Dienstleistungen? – Komplexe Tätigkeitsanforderungen und Gesundheitsressourcen bei haushaltsnahen ambulanten Diensten
Authors: Pöser Stephanie , Becke Guido , Busse Britta , Zenz Cora
Published: January 2023

Haushaltsnahe Dienstleistungen für hilfs- und pflegebedürftige Menschen werden oft als wenig anspruchsvolle Einfacharbeit betrachtet, weisen allerdings oft ein breites Tätigkeitsspektrum auf, das mit relativ hohen Anforderungen an die Interaktionsarbeit mit Kund*innen verwoben ist. Die Interaktionsarbeit kommt auf der einen Seite den arbeitsbezogenen Sinnansprüchen der Haushaltshilfen entgehen, stellt auf der anderen Seite aber eine psychische Belastungsquelle dar. In diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, welche Gesundheitsressourcen den Haushaltshilfen ermöglichen, sozio-emotionale Arbeitsanforderungen zu bewältigen. Betriebliche Gestaltungslösungen helfen hier alleine nicht weiter. Es bedarf einer symbolischen wie materiellen Aufwertung dieser systemrelevanten sozialen Dienstleistungsarbeit.
Anforderungen und Belastungen in spezialisierter und polyvalenter Einfacharbeit im Sozial- und Gesundheitsbereich
Authors: Geisen Thomas , Widmer Lea
Published: January 2023

In Einrichtungen des Sozial- und Gesundheitsbereichs sind spezialisierte, einfache Tätigkeiten bestimmten Bereichen zugeordnet, etwa der Reinigung oder der Küche, oder sie sind an externe Dienstleistende ausgelagert. Bei den ambulanten Angeboten handelt es sich vielfach um polyvalente, einfache Tätigkeiten, die an verschiedenen Orten in privaten Haushalten erbracht werden und unterschiedliche Tätigkeiten zusammenfassen. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser grundlegenden Unterscheidung in spezialisierte und polyvalente Einfacharbeit beschäftigt sich der vorliegende Artikel mit der Frage, welche Herausforderungen sich aus den jeweiligen Tätigkeiten für Arbeitgebende und Mitarbeitende ergeben, wie diese jeweils bearbeitet werden und welche Folgen dies für die betriebliche Leistungserstellung hat. Dabei zeigt sich, dass über eine formenbezogene Ausdifferenzierung von Einfacharbeit in Betrieben, Anforderungen und Belastungen in einfachen Tätigkeiten besser identifiziert und bearbeitet werden können.
Zukunftsperspektive in der Chirurgie aus deutscher Sicht
Authors: Bruns Christiane J.
Published: January 2023

In diesem Beitrag werden zum Thema „Zukunftsperspektiven in der Chirurgie aus deutscher Sicht“ zwei Aspekte diskutiert: zum einen gesundheitspolitische Themen wie die anstehenden Veränderungen des Gesundheitssystems, wie geforderte Mindestmengen mit konsekutiver Zentralisierung sowie die zunehmende Vielfalt unserer Bevölkerung mit Chancen und Herausforderungen für die Chirurgie, zum anderen die flächendeckende personalisierte Präzisionsbehandlung, die individualisierte Organtransplantation und visionäre Entwicklungen in der Medizintechnik mit künstlicher Intelligenz.
Eignung der Bestimmung prozentualer Hörverluste zum Monitoring der Cochlea Implantat Rehabilitation
Authors: Dziemba Oliver C. , Brzoska Tina , Ihler Friedrich , Busch Chia-Jung
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund

Die Bestimmung des prozentualen Hörverlusts (pHV) aus dem Tonaudiogramm nach Röser 1973 oder aus dem Sprachaudiogramm nach Boenninghaus und Röser 1973 sind weithin eingesetzte Methoden zur quantitativen Bemessung des Hörvermögens. Die Bestimmung von pHV aus ton- und sprachaudiometrischen Befunden im Rahmen der postoperativen Evaluation von Hörsystemen ist bisher nicht üblich. Bei Durchführung aller empfohlenen audiologischen Leistungen nach der Indikation für ein Cochleaimplantat (CI) liegen alle nötigen Messwerte zur Bestimmung des pHV aus der Hörfeldskalierung (pHVKLS) und aus dem Sprachaudiogramm (pHVFB) vor.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Parameter pHVKLS and pVHFB sollen vorgestellt und anhand von Daten aus der klinischen Routine berechnet werden. Dadurch soll die prinzipielle Verwendbarkeit für die Bewertung des Ergebnisses einer CI-Versorgung evaluiert werden.

Material und Methoden

Retrospektive Auswertung der Daten von 66 CI-Versorgungen an einer Universitätsklinik. Kalkulation des prozentualen Hörverlusts pHV aus dem numerischen Skalenwert 5 CU der kategorialen Lautskalierung (pHVKLS) bzw. aus dem Freiburger Sprachtest im freien Schallfeld mit CI (pHVFB).

Ergebnisse

Während die Werte des pHVKLS eine geringe Streuung aufweisen, zeigt pHVFB eine größere, aber über der Zeit abnehmende Streuung. Außerdem zeigt sich eine Konvergenz der mittleren pHV ab dem Zeitpunkt der CI-Erstanpassung. Die Differenz aus pHVFB und pHVKLS ergibt mit statistischer Signifikanz positive Werte.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Bestimmung des pHV aus der kategorialen Lautheitsskalierung bzw. aus dem Freiburger Sprachtest ist in der klinischen Routine möglich. Eine Korrelation der Differenz aus pHVFB und pHVKLS mit dem Erfolg der CI-Versorgung erscheint plausibel.
Screening auf irreguläre mütterliche Blutgruppenantikörper und fetale Blutgruppenbestimmung
Authors: Kapfhammer Elisabeth , Ochsenbein-Kölble Nicole
Published: January 2023

Eine Alloimmunisierung aufgrund einer Blutgruppeninkompatibilität, insbesondere des Rhesusgens, ist eine seltene, meist schwerwiegende Komplikation in der Schwangerschaft, die unbehandelt zum intrauterinen Fruchttod führen kann. Bereits im ersten Trimenon sollten daher eine Blutgruppenbestimmung und ein Antikörpersuchtest durchgeführt werden. Ziel dieser Screeninguntersuchung ist es, Risikoschwangerschaften aufgrund mütterlicher irregulärer Antikörper frühzeitig zu erkennen. Durch die Einführung der standardisierten prä- und postpartalen Anti-D-Immunprophylaxe bei Rh(Rhesus)D-negativen Schwangeren konnte die RhD-Alloimmunisierung deutlich gesenkt werden. Inzwischen bietet zudem die nichtinvasive Testung an „cell free fetal DNA“ im mütterlichen Blut die Möglichkeit, fetale Rh-Antigene bereits präpartal zu bestimmen. Dadurch eröffnet sich die Möglichkeit, das Risikokollektiv weiter einzugrenzen und selektiv eine gezielte Anti-D-Immunprophylaxe anzubieten. Bei positivem fetalem Rh-D-Nachweis wird bei RhD-negativen Schwangeren in der Regel bei 28–30 Schwangerschaftswochen eine Anti-D-Immunprophylaxe verabreicht. Hat trotzdem eine Alloimmunisierung mit erhöhtem Risiko für eine fetale Anämie stattgefunden, ist eine Zuweisung in ein Perinatalzentrum oder zu einen fetomaternalen Spezialisten indiziert. Bei Verdacht auf eine fetale Anämie kann eine fetale Bluttransfusion per Nabelschnurpunktion lebensrettend sein.
Systematisches Review zur Schätzung der Prävalenz entzündlich rheumatischer Erkrankungen in Deutschland
Authors: Albrecht Katinka , Binder Sebastian , Minden Kirsten , Poddubnyy Denis , Regierer Anne C. , Strangfeld Anja , Callhoff Johanna
Published: January 2023

Zielsetzung

Es erfolgt eine aktualisierte Schätzung der Prävalenz entzündlich rheumatischer Erkrankungen (ERE) in Deutschland.

Methodik

Mit einer systematischen Literaturrecherche in PubMed und Web of Science (letzte Suche am 08.11.2022) wurden Originalartikel (regionale und bundesweite Surveys und Routinedatenanalysen für Arthritiden, Kollagenosen und Vaskulitiden) zur Prävalenz von ERE für den Zeitraum 2014 bis 2022 identifiziert. Datenquellen, Erhebungszeitraum, Diagnosedefinition und das Risiko einer Verzerrung werden berichtet. Die Prävalenzen wurden anhand der verfügbaren Daten unter Berücksichtigung internationaler Angaben geschätzt.

Ergebnisse

Die Suche durch 2 Autorinnen ergab 263 Treffer, von denen 18 Routinedatenanalysen und 2 Surveys die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten. Die Prävalenzangaben lagen bei 0,42–1,85 % (rheumatoide Arthritis), 0,32–0,5 % (ankylosierende Spondylitis), 0,11–0,32 % (Psoriasisarthritis), 0,037–0,14 % (systemischer Lupus erythematodes), 0,07–0,77 % (Sjögren/Sicca-Syndrom), 0,14–0,15 % (Polymyalgia rheumatica, ab 40 Jahre), 0,04–0,05 % (Riesenzellarteriitis, ab 50 Jahre) und 0,015–0,026 % (ANCA-assoziierte Vaskulitis). Das Bias-Risiko war in 13 Studien moderat, in 7 Studien hoch. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse schätzen wir die Prävalenz von ERE in Deutschland auf 2,2–3,0 %. Dies entspricht in etwa 1,5 bis 2,1 Mio. Betroffenen. Die Prävalenz der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis wurde mit ca. 0,10 % (0,07–0,13 %) der 0‑ bis 18-Jährigen angegeben, was etwa 14.000 Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland entspricht.

Schlussfolgerung

Dieses systematische Review zeigt einen Anstieg der Prävalenzen von ERE in Deutschland, basiert jedoch fast ausschließlich auf Routinedatenanalysen. In Ermangelung mehrstufiger Bevölkerungsstudien sind die vorliegenden Daten bei moderat bis hohem Verzerrungsrisiko insgesamt unsichere Quellen für Prävalenzschätzungen.