bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of inulin and mannan-oligosaccharides compared with zinc-bacitracin on growing performance, nutrient digestibility and hematological profiles of growing rabbits
Authors: Attia Y. A. , Hamed R. S. , El-Hamid A. E. Abd , Shahba H. A. , Bovera F.
Published: December 2013

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of inulin and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) vs zinc-bacitracin (ZnB) on rabbit growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles. In total, 108 rabbits 32 days of age were divided into four homogeneous groups fed the same basal diet and submitted to the following dietary treatments: control group, without supplementation; inulin group, supplemented with inulin (0.25 g/rabbit.day); MOS group, supplemented with MOS (0.083 g/rabbit.day); and ZnB group, supplemented with ZnB (0.083 g/rabbit.day). The supplements were administered 2 days per week from 32 to 81 days of age. At 32, 56 and 81 days, the rabbits were weighed and feed intake was measured. Mortality was recorded daily. Nutrient digestibility was measured at 65 days by an ingesta–excreta balance. Samples of blood were collected at 53, 67 and 81 days of age. The control group showed the highest (P < 0.01) mortality rate throughout the trial (17.0%), followed by ZnB (8.18%), inulin (3.7%) and then the MOS group, which had the lowest mortality (1.6%; P < 0.01). Addition of MOS led to a more favourable (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than addition of ZnB at 32–56 days of age and inulin for the entire trial period. The MOS group showed increased (P < 0.01) digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ash and crude fibre relative to the control group. All supplements increased (P < 0.01) protein digestibility relative to the control. The level of alanine aminotransferase was reduced due to the use of feed supplements, and MOS supplementation gave the lowest (P < 0.01) value. Administration of prebiotics to growing rabbits as an alternative to ZnB can lead some advantages compared with both antibiotic and unsupplemented diets; MOS was more effective than inulin.
Dynamic changes in nuclear import of a nuclear localisation signal-bearing substrate in 8-cell stage porcine embryos
Authors: Li Yanfang , Park Ki-Eun , Cabot Ryan A.
Published: December 2013

Coordinated intracellular trafficking is critically important for proper timing of major cellular events during embryogenesis. Nuclear import mediated by the karyopherin α/β (importin α/β) heterodimer is perhaps the best characterised nuclear trafficking system in eukaryotic cells. Seven karyopherin α subtypes have been identified in the domestic pig, and although each karyopherin α subtype transports proteins bearing classical nuclear localisation signals (NLSs), individual karyopherin α subtypes have been shown to preferentially transport specific cargoes. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism by which BRN2, a transcription factor previously reported to be transported by the karyopherin α/β heterodimer, gains access to the nucleus in porcine oocytes and embryos. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro assays, we tested the hypothesis that discrete karyopherin α subtypes transport BRN2 into the nuclei of porcine oocytes and cleavage stage embryos. Our results show that ectopically expressed BRN2 adopts a nuclear localisation in all nuclei through the 4-cell stage of development, whereas only a subset of blastomeres in 8-cell stage embryos possess nuclear BRN2. This pattern is unique to BRN2 because another ectopically expressed NLS-containing protein is able to adopt a nuclear localisation in all blastomeres of 8-cell stage embryos.
De Anima
Authors: Salatowsky Sascha
Published: December 2013

Aristoteles’ De Anima ist einer der zentralen Texte der Philosophiegeschichte. Seine grundlegende Leistung liegt in der alle Lebewesen umfassenden ontologisch-ontischen Bestimmung der Seele und ihrer Vermögen, einschließlich der Lehre vom Geist (nous), deren nähere Explikation seit der Antike Anlaß zu vielfältigen Diskussionen gab. Die vorliegende Studie ermittelt unter Rückgriff auf die traditionellen Schulen des Alexandrismus, Neuplatonismus, Averroismus und Thomismus diejenigen mannigfaltigen philosophischen und theologischen Konstellationen des 16. und 17. Jh.s, die von innerkatholischen wie interkonfessionellen Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Katholiken, Lutheranern und Calvinisten geprägt waren. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt werden die entsprechenden Werke der Reformatoren Luther und Melanchthon, der Renaissance-Aristoteliker Portio, Toletus, Zabarella und die Conimbrincenser sowie die hier erstmals berücksichtigten Schriften der lutherischen und calvinistischen Schulphilosophen des 17. Jh.s. interpretiert.

Aristotle’s On the soul is one of the most important books in the history of philosophy. Its fundamental achievement is based on the ontological-ontical definition of the soul and its virtues, which embrace all living beings, including the doctrine of the mind (nous), and whose further explication has been interpreted controversially since antiquity. With respect to the traditional schools of Alexandrism, Neoplatonism, Averroism and Thomism the present study studies the various philosophical and theological constellations of the 16th and 17th century, which were determined by the intracatholical as well as by the interdenominational controversies between the Catholics, Lutherans and Calvinists. From this point of view the works of Luther and Melanchthon, of the Renaissance-Aristotelians Portio, Toletus, Zabarella, and the Conimbricenses as well as the works of the Lutheran and Calvinistic Philosophers of the 17th century are interpreted, these last ones being taken into consideration here for the first time.

Then follow interpretations of some of the main philosophical concepts of Aristotle’s De Anima in the 16th and 17th century, namely the Protestant Aristotelianism of Luther (1483–1546) and Melanchthon (1497–1560), the ‘Second Scholastic’ of the Jesuits Toletus (1532–1596) and Emmanul de Goes, the Natural Philosophy of Portio (1496–1554) and Zabarella (1533–1589) and at least the New Protestant Aristotelianism of Martini (1570-1649), Evenius (1585/9–1639), Scheibler (1589–1653), Leuschner (1589–1641) and Dannhauer (1603–1666) at the Lutheran Universities in Germany in the early 17th century.
The Discourse of Court Interpreting
Authors: Hale Sandra
Published: December 2013

This book explores the intricacies of court interpreting through a thorough analysis of the authentic discourse of the English-speaking participants, the Spanish-speaking witnesses and the interpreters. Written by a practitioner, educator and researcher, the book presents the reader with real issues that most court interpreters face during their work and shows through the results of careful research studies that interpreter’s choices can have varying degrees of influence on the triadic exchange. It aims to raise the practitioners’ awareness of the significance of their choices and attempts to provide a theoretical basis for interpreters to make informed decisions rather than intuitive ones. It also suggests solutions for common problems. The book highlights the complexities of court interpreting and argues for thorough training for practicing interpreters to improve their performance as well as for better understanding of their task from the legal profession. Although the data is drawn from Spanish-English cases, the main results can be extended to any language combination. The book is written in a clear, accessible language and is aimed at practicing interpreters, students and educators of interpreting, linguists and legal professionals.
Translation and the Problem of Sway
Authors: Robinson Douglas
Published: December 2013

In Translation and the Problem of Sway Douglas Robinson offers the concept of "sway" to bring together discussion of two translational phenomena that have traditionally been considered in isolation, i.e. norms and errors: norms as ideological pressures to conform to the source text, and deviations from the source text as driven by ideological pressures to conform to some extratextual authority. The two theoretical constructs around which the discussion of translational sway is organized are Peirce's "interpretant" as rethought by Lawrence Venuti and "narrativity" as rethought by Mona Baker. Robinson offers a series of “friendly amendments” to both, looking closely at specific translation histories (Alex. Matson to and from Finnish, two English translations of Dostoevsky) as well as theoretical models from Aristotle to Peirce to expand the range and power of these concepts. In addition to translation and interpreting scholars this book will be of interest to scholars of communication and social interaction.
Origins of Language
Authors: Johansson Sverker
Published: December 2013

Sverker Johansson has written an unusual book on language origins, with its emphasis on empirical evidence rather than theory-building. This is a book for the student or researcher who prefers solid data and well-supported conclusions, over speculative scenarios. Much that has been written on the origins of language is characterized by hypothesizing largely unconstrained by evidence. But empirical data do exist, and the purpose of this book is to integrate and review the available evidence from all relevant disciplines, not only linguistics but also, e.g., neurology, primatology, paleoanthropology, and evolutionary biology. The evidence is then used to constrain the multitude of scenarios for language origins, demonstrating that many popular hypotheses are untenable. Among the issues covered: (1) Human evolutionary history, (2) Anatomical prerequisites for language, (3) Animal communication and ape "language", (4) Mind and language, (5) The role of gesture, (6) Innateness, (7) Selective advantage of language, (8) Proto-language.
Phonology
Authors: Nathan Geoffrey S.
Published: December 2013

This textbook introduces the reader to the field of phonology, from allophones to faithfulness and exemplars. It assumes no prior knowledge of the field, and includes a brief review chapter on phonetics. It is written within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics, but covers a wide range of historical and contemporary theories, from the Prague School to Optimality Theory. While many examples are based on American and British English, there are also discussions of some aspects of French and German colloquial speech and phonological analysis problems from many other languages around the world. In addition to the basics of phoneme theory, features, and morphophonemics there are chapters on casual speech, first and second language acquisition and historical change. A final chapter covers a number of issues in contemporary phonological theory, including some of the classic debates in Generative Phonology (rule ordering, abstractness, ‘derivationalism’) and proposals for usage-based phonologies.
The Making of a Mixed Language
Authors: Mous Maarten
Published: December 2013

The Mbugu (or Ma'á) language (Tanzania) is one of the few genuine mixed languages, reputedly combining Bantu grammar with Cushitic vocabulary. In fact the people speak two languages: one mixed and one closely related to the Bantu language Pare. This book is the first comprehensive description of these languages. It shows that these two languages share one grammar while their lexicon is parallel. In the distant past the people shifted from a Cushitic to a Bantu language and in the process rebuilt a language of their own that expresses their separate ethnic identity in a Bantu environment. This linguistic history is explained in the context of the intricate history of the people. The discussion of the processes that were involved in the formation of Ma'a/Mbugu is extremely relevant for both creole studies and for contact linguistics in general.
Racism and Discourse in Spain and Latin America
Authors: van Dijk Teun A.
Published: December 2013

This new book extends Teun A. van Dijk’s earlier research on discursive racism to the Latin world. He presents a first inventory of elite discourse and racism in Spain and Latin America by examining discursive reactions in Spain to recent immigration, as well as age-old racism and ethnicism in text and talk in Latin America (especially Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Chile). Through careful analysis of the media, political discourse, textbooks and other public discourses in these countries he shows that discursive euro-racism is ubiquitous also in countries outside Europe. Spain reproduces, but as yet in a less radical way, the kind of racist discourse we find elsewhere in Western Europe. In Latin America, ethnicism and racism against the indigenous peoples and against Afrolatins has prevailed in elite discourse since colonialism and slavery.
This is the first integrated study of discursive racism in the Latin world and provides a useful framework for similar research.
Dialogue, Science and Academic Writing
Authors: Livnat Zohar
Published: December 2013

This book investigates the dialogic nature of research articles from the perspective of discourse analysis, based on theories of dialogicity. It proposes a theoretical and applied framework for the understanding and exploration of scientific dialogicity.
Focusing on some dialogic components, among them citations, concession, inclusive we and interrogatives, a combined model of scientific dialogicity is proposed, that reflects the place and role of various linguistic structures against the background of various theoretical approaches to dialogicity.
Taking this combined model as a basis, the analysis demonstrates how scientific dialogicity is realized in an actual scientific dispute and how a scientific project is constructed step by step by means of a dialogue with its readers and discourse community. A number of different patterns of scientific dialogicity are offered, characterized by the different levels of the polemic held with the research world and other specific researchers – from the “classic”, moderate and polite dialogicity to a direct and personal confrontation between scientists.
Gender, Politeness and Pragmatic Particles in French
Authors: Beeching Kate
Published: December 2013

This study aims to investigate politeness in women’s and men’s speech, with a particular focus on the use of c’est-à-dire, enfin, hein and quoi in contemporary spoken French. Politeness is defined as going beyond the notion of the face-threatening act, englobing both everyday ideas of politeness and the creation of sociability in face-to-face interaction.
The pragmatic particles studied are demonstrated to serve both psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic purposes: they lubricate reformulation and contribute to both sociability and social indexation.
The study, which combines qualitative and quantitative analysis, is based on a corpus of spontaneous spoken French, comprising 155,000 words, 95 interviews and subjects ranging in age from 7 to 88 years. The sample contains speakers from a broader range of educational backgrounds than is often the case: a butcher, a video-salesman and a toiletteur canin rub shoulders with counter assistants, teachers and doctors.
Advice Online
Authors: Locher Miriam A.
Published: December 2013

Advice Online presents a comprehensive study of advice-giving in one particular American Internet advice column, referred to as ‘Lucy Answers’. The discursive practice investigated is part of a professional and educational health program managed by an American university. The study provides insights into the linguistic realization of both asking for and giving advice in a written form and thus adds to the literature on advice columns as a specific text genre, on advice in health care contexts, and on Internet communication. The book offers a comprehensive literature review of advice in health encounters and other contexts, and uses this knowledge as a basis for comparison. Advice Online demonstrates how qualitative and quantitative research methods can be successfully combined to arrive at a comprehensive analysis of a discursive practice. It provides essential information on advice-giving for researchers, academics and students in the fields of (Internet) communication, media studies, pragmatics, social psychology and counseling. Health educators who work for advice columns or use similar forms of communication will also benefit from the insights gained in this study.
The Nonverbal Shift in Early Modern English Conversation
Authors: Hübler Axel
Published: December 2013

This is the first historical investigation on the nonverbal component of conversation. In the courtly society of 16th and 17th century England, it is argued that a drift appeared toward an increased use of prosodic means of expression at the expense of gestural means. Direct evidence is provided by courtesy books and personal documents of the time, indirect evidence by developments in the English lexicon. The rationale of the argument is cognitively grounded; given the integral role of gestures in thinking-for-speaking, it rests on an isomorphism between gestural and prosodic behavior that is established semiotically and elaborated by insights from neurocognitive frequency theory and task dynamics. The proposal is rounded off by an illustration from present-day conversational data and the proof of its adaptability to current theories of language change. The cross-disciplinary approach addresses all those interested in (historical) pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, cultural semantics, semiotics, or language change.
The Language of Business Studies Lectures
Authors: Crawford Camiciottoli Belinda
Published: December 2013

New opportunities in the global workplace have heightened interest in business studies. In response to this trend, this book presents an in-depth analysis of a corpus of authentic business studies lectures, focusing on spoken, academic, disciplinary and professional features (e.g., speech rate, interactive devices, specialized lexis) that are crucial to comprehension, but often problematic for non-native speakers. The investigation adopts an original multi-pronged approach including quantitative, qualitative and comparative analyses. It utilizes techniques drawn mainly from corpus linguistics and discourse analysis, but also integrates observational and ethnographic methods to provide unique extra-linguistic insights. The study is thus a full-circle interpretive account of this dynamic spoken genre where academia and profession converge. The book shows how business studies lectures are characterised by a synergy of discourses and communicative channels that reflect the community of practice, highlighting the need to help international business students develop multiple literacies to overcome present and future challenges.
The Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics of Spanish Mood
Authors: Haverkate Henk
Published: December 2013

This study provides a consistent description and explanation of the syntax, the semantics and the pragmatics of Spanish mood.
A major focus of attention is the central role of the truthfunctional categories of realis, potentialis and irrealis as parameters relevant to mood selection in both subordinate and non-subordinate clauses. Furthermore, a proposal is offered for a new typology of clause-embedding predicates. The framework chosen stems from the insight that complement-taking predicates share the property of providing information on the set of mental processes which characterize intentional human behavior.
At the level of pragmatic analysis, mood selection is examined from a variety of angles. Thus, specific research is conducted within the framework of speech act theory, relevance theory, politeness theory and the theory of Gricean maxims.
Fluency in Native and Nonnative English Speech
Authors: Götz Sandra
Published: December 2013

This book takes a new and holistic approach to fluency in English speech and differentiates between productive, perceptive, and nonverbal fluency. The in-depth corpus-based description of productive fluency points out major differences of how fluency is established in native and nonnative speech. It also reveals areas in which even highly advanced learners of English still deviate strongly from the native target norm and in which they have already approximated to it. Based on these findings, selected learners are subjected to native speakers' ratings of seven perceptive fluency variables in order to test which variables are most responsible for a perception of oral proficiency on the sides of the listeners. Finally, language-pedagogical implications derived from these findings for the improvement of fluency in learner language are presented. This book is conceptually and methodologically relevant for corpus-linguistics, learner corpus research and foreign language teaching and learning.
Multiple Case Narrative
Authors: Shkedi Asher
Published: December 2013

This book introduces a methodology for the construction of a comprehensive narrative description and narrative-based theory from the study of multiple populations. The book has two parallel foci. On the one hand, it is a conceptual treatise, focusing on the principles of the Multiple Case Narrative. On the other hand, it also has a practical “how-to” focus with a step-by-step guide to conducting a Multiple Case Narrative. The book is accessible and comprehensive and addresses both those in the field as well as those with little background in the methodologies of narrative study and qualitative research.This book is also relevant to those who are interested in other qualitative varieties like single and collective narrative inquiry, single and collective case study, as well as ethnography, because each of the procedures and techniques described here can be easily utilized for conducting other types of qualitative research.
Small Stories, Interaction and Identities
Authors: Georgakopoulou Alexandra
Published: December 2013

Narrative research is frequently described as a diverse enterprise, yet the kinds of narrative data that it bases itself on present a striking consensus: they tend to be autobiographical and elicited in interviews. This book sets out to carve out a space alongside this narrative canon for stories that have not made it to the mainstream of narrative and identity analysis, yet they abound as well as being crucial sites of subjectivity in everyday interactional contexts. By labelling those stories as ‘small’, the book emphasizes their distinctiveness, both interactionally and as an antidote to the tradition of ‘grand’ narratives research. Drawing primarily on the audio-recorded small stories of a group of female adolescents that was studied ethnographically in a town in Greece, the book follows a language-focused and practice-based approach in order to provide fresh answers and perspectives on some of the perennial questions of narrative analysis: How can we (re)conceptualize the mainstay concepts of tellership, structure and evaluation in small stories? How do the participants’ telling identities connect with their larger social identities? Finally, what does the project of storying self (and other) mean in small stories and how can it be best explored?
The Establishment of Modern Chinese Grammar
Authors: Shi Yuzhi
Published: December 2013

This book investigates historical motivations for the emergence of the resultative construction in Chinese from the following four aspects: (a) disyllabification, (b)adjacent context, (c) semantic integrity, and (d) frequency of co-occurence of a pair of verb and resultative. The author also addresses a series of grammatical changes and innovations caused by the formation of this resultative construction, such as the development of aspect, mood, verb reduplication, the new predicate structure, the disposal construction, the passive construction, the verb copying construction, and the new topicalization construction, all of which together shape the grammatical system of Modern Chinese. The present analysis raises and discusses a number of theoretical issues that are meaningful to various linguistic disciplines like pragmatics, discourse analysis, grammaticalization, and general historical linguistics.
Prototypical Transitivity
Authors: Næss Åshild
Published: December 2013

This book presents a functional analysis of a notion which has gained considerable importance in cognitive and functional linguistics over the last couple of decades, namely 'prototypical transitivity'. It discusses what prototypical transitivity is, why it should exist, and how it should be defined, as well as how this definition can be employed in the analysis of a number of phenomena of language, such as case-marking, experiencer constructions, and so-called ambitransitives. Also discussed is how a prototype analysis relates to other approaches to transitivity, such as that based on markedness. The basic claim is that transitivity is iconic: a construction with two distinct, independent arguments is prototypically used to refer to an event with two distinct, independent participants. From this principle, a unified account of the properties typically associated with transitivity can be derived, and an explanation for why these properties tend to correlate across languages can be given.
Dangerous Women: Observations on the Feast of Herod in Florentine Art of the Early Renaissance
Authors: Long Jane C.
Published: December 2013

This article investigates four widely studied versions of the biblical story of the Feast of Herod produced by Florentine artists in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries: Giotto’s fresco from the Peruzzi Chapel at Santa Croce (ca. 1320), Andrea Pisano’s panels on the south doors of Florence’s baptistery (ca. 1335), Donatello’s relief for the baptismal font at Siena (ca. 1425), and Filippo Lippi’s fresco in the main chapel at the cathedral of Prato (ca. 1465). The study explores how the narrative is interpreted by each artist and suggests social messages that contemporary audiences might have drawn from each interpretation by examining the actions of the figures in light of the teachings of late medieval and early Renaissance didactic literature. Conduct literature allows one to interpret what the works reveal about the story, but also suggests that they could function didactically, in and of themselves. In such a reading, Herodias and Salome are treacherous women: dangerous not only to John the Baptist, but also to Florentine society of the period.
Generating Skilled Self-Employment in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Uganda
*
Authors: Blattman Christopher , Fiala Nathan , Martinez Sebastian
Published: December 2013

We study a government program in Uganda designed to help the poor and unemployed become self-employed artisans, increase incomes, and thus promote social stability. Young adults in Uganda’s conflict-affected north were invited to form groups and submit grant proposals for vocational training and business start-up. Funding was randomly assigned among screened and eligible groups. Treatment groups received unsupervised grants of $382 per member. Grant recipients invest some in skills training but most in tools and materials. After four years, half practice a skilled trade. Relative to the control group, the program increases business assets by 57%, work hours by 17%, and earnings by 38%. Many also formalize their enterprises and hire labor. We see no effect, however, on social cohesion, antisocial behavior, or protest. Effects are similar by gender but are qualitatively different for women because they begin poorer (meaning the impact is larger relative to their starting point) and because women’s work and earnings stagnate without the program but take off with it. The patterns we observe are consistent with credit constraints.
Using a Combination of Intralaminar and Pedicular Screw Constructs for Enhancement of Spinal Stability and Maintenance of Correction in Patients With Sagittal Imbalance
Authors: Inanmaz Mustafa E. , Kose Kamil C. , Atmaca Halil , Ozkan Arif , Isik Cengiz , Basar Hakan
Published: December 2013

Study Design:

Case series and finite element analysis.

Objective:

To report the clinical results of using intralaminar screw-rod (ILS) constructs as supplements to regular pedicle screw (PS) constructs in “high risk for implant failure” patients and to report the results of a finite element analysis (FEA) of this new instrumentation technique.

Summary of Background Data:

Despite advances in surgery and implantation techniques, osteoporosis, obesity, revision surgeries, and neuromuscular conditions (such as the Parkinson disease) are challenges against achieving solid arthrodesis and maintaining correction. Additional fixation strategies must be considered in these patients. There is only one study in the literature suggesting that ILS can be used as alternative anchor points and/or to increase fixation strength in conjunction with the PSs.

Materials and Methods:

Five patients (3 male and 2 female) with mechanical comorbidities underwent PS+ILS to treat sagittal imbalance. In radiologic analysis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and sagittal vertical axis were analyzed. FEA of ILS augmentation technique were carried out.

Four different models were created: (1) the full-construct model with ILS+PS 2 levels above and below the osteotomy of T10; (2) only PS 2 levels above and below T10; (3) ILS+PS 1 level above and below the osteotomy; and (4) short-segment PS with only PSs 1 level above and below the osteotomy. The stress/load distributions on the implants in vertebrae were analyzed.

Results:

The mean age of the patients included in this study was 41 years and the mean follow-up was 28.2 months. A total of 87 PSs and 39 ILSs were used. Both sagittal vertical axis and kyphosis angles showed significant improvements maintained at the latest follow-up. No pseudarthrosis or instrumentation failures were observed. FEA indicated that addition of ILS construct to a PS construct enabled decreased load bearing and increased implant life.

Conclusions:

Addition of an ILS construct to PS construct decreases osteotomy line deformation and reduces stress on pedicle fixation points, and the combination improves fixation stability over the conventional PS-rod technique.
Predictors of Depression in Youth With Crohn Disease
Authors: Clark Jeffrey G. , Srinath Arvind I. , Youk Ada O. , Kirshner Margaret A. , McCarthy F. Nicole , Keljo David J. , Bousvaros Athos , DeMaso David R. , Szigethy Eva M.
Published: December 2013

Objective:

The aim of the study was to determine whether infliximab use and other potential predictors are associated with decreased prevalence and severity of depression in pediatric patients with Crohn disease (CD).

Methods:

A total of 550 (n = 550) youth ages 9 to 17 years with biopsy‐confirmed CD were consecutively recruited as part of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Out of the 550, 499 patients met study criteria and were included in the analysis. At recruitment, each subject and a parent completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). A child or parent CDI score ≥ 12 was used to denote clinically significant depressive symptoms (CSDS). Child and parent CDI scores were summed to form total CDI (CDIT). Infliximab use, demographic information, steroid use, laboratory values, and Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) were collected as the potential predictors of depression. Univariate regression models were constructed to determine the relations among predictors, CSDS, and CDIT. Stepwise multivariate regression models were constructed to predict the relation between infliximab use and depression while controlling for other predictors of depression.

Results:

Infliximab use was not associated with a decreased proportion of CSDS and CDIT after adjusting for multiple comparisons. CSDS and CDIT were positively associated with PCDAI, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and steroid dose (P < 0.01) and negatively associated with socioeconomic status (SES) (P < 0.001). In multivariate models, PCDAI and SES were the strongest predictors of depression.

Conclusions:

Disease activity and SES are significant predictors of depression in youth with Crohn disease.
Consistent resource base of a foreign subsidiary's greenfield expansion
Authors: Pehrsson Anders , Pehrsson Tobias
Published: December 2013

Purpose

– The purpose is to extend the understanding of the resource base of the industrial firm's greenfield expansion on a foreign country market once a wholly owned subsidiary has been established.

Design/methodology/approach

– A conceptual framework is developed relying on the resource-based theory of strategy. Resource bases in terms of value-adding activities of four Swedish industrial firms' subsidiaries in the USA are analysed. Four theoretical propositions are formulated regarding consistent associations among the activities and contingencies that are relevant to expansion on a foreign country market.

Findings

– The propositions show how foreign subsidiaries' value-adding activities are aligned with two contingencies: the corporate strategy manifested by the product/market knowledge transferred from the parent firm that enable local expansion and the subsidiary's knowledge of competition barriers that obstruct local expansion. The value-adding activity may be basic or advanced and may repeat the parent firm's activity.

Research limitations/implications

– US subsidiaries of four Swedish industrial firms were analysed. The propositions may be turned into hypotheses suitable for tests in statistical studies. A test may include firms from different home countries and subsidiaries on different host country markets.

Practical implications

– The conceptual framework and the propositions provide a ground for an industrial firm's decision to conduct a strategy of greenfield expansion on a foreign country market once a wholly owned subsidiary has been established.

Originality/value

– The framework is unique and emphasizes that both knowledge stemming from corporate strategy and knowledge of local competition need to be acknowledged in order to understand firm's greenfield expansion on a foreign country market.
Top management's perception of knowledge management in a vocational education and training organization in Finland
Authors: Syysnummi Pirjo , Laihonen Harri
Published: December 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to report top management's view of knowledge management in an educational organization. The paper also recognizes the main knowledge-based development areas. The aim of this paper is to bridge a knowledge gap regarding managerial processes that support teachers in their diverse knowledge tasks; gathering, creating, sharing and explicating knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach

– A qualitative case approach was applied to uncover the knowledge processes of a vocational education organization in Finland. The empirical data were gathered in two phases. First, the existing knowledge needs of management team members were mapped by an e-mail enquiry. Second, a group interview was held with the same management team. Interview themes were derived from the literature and from the first empirical phase. The interview data are discussed and analyzed in light of the knowledge-based management literature.

Findings

– The results of the study indicate that knowledge management is so closely related to education organizations’ value creation processes that it should be considered an essential part of modern educational management. Based on this notion the paper argues that more emphasis is needed especially on mastering knowledge that relates to the education function and the creation of enabling knowledge structures that support this function.

Practical implications

– The paper provides practitioners with a basic understanding about the existing knowledge-based management processes in education organizations. It also turns the focus onto knowledge usage instead of mere information provision. Furthermore, the paper provides a basis for a systematic modeling and development of knowledge integration and coordination in educational organizations.

Originality/value

– The paper links knowledge management activities to the value creation processes of education services. Whereas the existing educational management literature seems to consider knowledge management mainly as a support function, the discussion presented here makes it the main focus and argues that for knowledge-intensive education organizations it should form an essential part of their strategic management.
Walking out the door: casualisation and implementing Moodle
Authors: Cahir Jayde , McNeill Margot , Bosanquet Agnes , Jacenyik-Trawöger Christa
Published: December 2013

Purpose

– Many universities are in the process of changing their learning management systems to Moodle yet there is limited empirical research available on the impact of this change. The purpose of this paper is to explore the results of an initial pilot, which was conducted as the first stage of implementing Moodle at an Australian university.

Design/methodology/approach

– The pilot study involved an online survey and a focus group with unit convenors teaching Open University Australia (OUA) units in Moodle.

Findings

– The aim was to essentially test Moodle and eliminate any technological issues prior to the university-wide roll-out the following year. It was envisaged that this pilot would contribute to building capability and knowledge amongst staff members; however, it was unanticipated that this would be jeopardised by a wider and ongoing issue in higher education; namely, the casualisation of the academic workforce. The paper maps the accumulated knowledge of these unit convenors and how this knowledge is “walking out the door”.

Originality/value

– The paper argues that an environment of insecure employment is a barrier to change management.
Optimising pathways for an organisational change management programme
Authors: Cocks Graeme
Published: December 2013

Purpose

– The paper builds on a four-year empirical study of 11 of Australia's high-performance organisations that identified their key characteristics for success. Following widespread interest in this study, the author has been challenged by industry practitioners to develop a methodology that would allow them to assess their organisation's performance against that of the winning organisations in the original study. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methodology and summarise techniques to analyse and map the data. It also discusses how the findings should generate more effective change management programmes.

Design/methodology/approach

– A questionnaire focusing on 90 critical success factors has been integrated into an online diagnostic system for use at all levels of the organisation. Both qualitative and quantitative responses can be collected and decision makers can choose several reporting formats to summarise the data.

Findings

– Effective methods to design the assessment projects and customise the diagnostic tools for organisations from several industries have been developed. Some initial trials and preliminary trends from the diagnostics are now beginning to emerge. These demonstrate the benefits of defining opportunity gaps which can be estimated based on feedback on both performance and importance criteria.

Originality/value

– This innovative approach to benchmarking against a proven and practical model for business excellence provides robust and clear operational and strategic opportunities for business improvement. These opportunities form the basis for a strategic change management plan that is more focused and relevant to the unique challenges facing the enterprise.
Process measures: a leadership tool for management
Authors: M. Becker Craig , A. Glascoff Mary
Published: December 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to encourage the use of ongoing process-based measurement methods, specifically, control charts, as a process measurement tool to guide leadership improvement efforts. The work of Deming will be highlighted while providing a review of measurement methods.

Design/methodology/approach

– Organizational leadership requires inspiring people and creating an environment so everyone can contribute toward the success of the organization. To accomplish this, a leader needs appropriate, real-time information about how to adjust the current situation. Rather than waiting for something to go wrong and then attempting to fix the situation or tamper with the process, management should use process measures to guide improvement efforts.

Findings

– Real-time process measures guide improvement efforts by the workers and management because it enables them to pay attention to the process while simultaneously performing it. Traditional improvement methods often lead to worse results because they use retrospective data that encourages process manipulation.

Originality/value

– Process measures enable the workers and management to better understand the process, its capacity, and how the process can be improved.
Stability and Congruence in Political Liberalism: The Promise of an Ideal of Civic Friendship
Authors: Georgieva Mihaela
Published: December 2013

This article focuses on the perceived inadequacy of political liberalism to account for the normative priority of political values over non-political ones in cases of conflict between the two. I address this challenge by developing a revised account of congruence built on a public and shared rationale for endorsing the deliberative priority of political values. Such an account can be developed on the basis of the idea of civic friendship as a shared motivation among citizens in a society marked by reasonable pluralism. I show how the assumption of such a motivation across contractors in the Original Position can be warranted and what its implications are for the congruence between the political values expressed in a conception of justice and the non-political values forming part of citizens' conceptions of the good.
New Early Cretaceous Pterosaur‐Bird Track Assemblage from Xinjiang, China: Palaeoethology and Palaeoenvironment
Authors: HE Qing , XING Lida , ZHANG Jianping , LOCKLEY Martin G. , KLEIN Hendrik , PERSONS W. Scott , QI Liqi , JIA Chengkai
Published: December 2013

A pterosaur‐bird track assemblage from a sandstone‐siltstone‐mudstone sequence of the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group of Xinjiang comprises the first pterosaur track record from this province and the largest specimen thus far known from China. The pterosaur tracks are assigned to the ichnogenus Pteraichnus based on the triangular overall‐shape, the four elongate digit traces and the robust manual digit trace III. Supposed trackmakers were dsungaripterid pterodactyloids whose skeletal remains are well known from the Tugulu Group. The bird tracks that occur on the same surface, are those of typical shorebirds, known from different other localities in southeast Asia. The congruence with Koreanaornis dodsoni described from the same stratigraphic level justifies an assignment to this ichnospecies. This is a further evidence of the co‐occurrence of pterosaurs and birds in a typical lakeshore environment with possible seasonal alteration of water supply and aerial exposure indicated by wave ripples, mudcracks and repeated cycles of coarse to fine sediment. Pterosaurs and birds frequented the shoreline and may have fed also on the numerous invertebrates such as the Scoyenia tracemaker that left abundant burrows.
Two New Wasps (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea: Ephialtitidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China
Authors: LI Longfeng , SHIH Chungkun , REN Dong
Published: December 2013

Two new species of wasps belonging to the family Ephialtitidae, Praeproapocritus flexus sp. nov. and Proapocritus parallelus sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of southeastern Inner Mongolia, China, are described and illustrated. Praeproapocritus vulgates Rasnitsyn & Zhang, 2010 and six species of Proapocritus, P. densipediculus, P. sculptus, P. longantennatus, P. formosus, P. atropus, and P. elegans, all described by Rasnitsyn and Zhang in 2010, are first record from the Middle Jurassic of China. These two new findings supplement the morphological understanding of ephialtitids in the Middle Jurassic of China and broaden the diversity of ephialtitids in their by‐gone ecosystems.
New Genus and Species of Rhyacophilidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Middle Jurassic of China
Authors: GAO Yan , YAO Yunzhi , REN Dong
Published: December 2013

One new genus with a new fossil species, Declinimodus setulosus gen. et sp. nov. which was found in the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China, are described and illustrated. The new species is assigned to the Rhyacophilidae according to button‐shaped of the 2nd segment of maxillary palp, and the forked R1 (in the forewing, located near apex). These new discovery are the earliest fossil records of Rhyacophilidae, which providing important evident for the study of the origin and early evolution of Trichoptera.
Qingbaikouan and Crygenian in South China: Constraints by SHRIMP Zircon U‐Pb dating
Authors: GAO Linzhi , DING Xiaozhong , YIN Chongyu , ZHANG Chuanheng , ETTENSOHN Frank R.
Published: December 2013

The Qingbaikouan System is the lowest unit of the Neoproterozoic Erathem in Chinese stratigraphic succession, and it now provides a precise geochronological framework and geological time scale for mapping and stratal correlation in China. However, a sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U‐Pb zircon age date (1368±12 Ma) obtained from a bentonite in the Qingbaikouan Xiamaling Formation indicates that it belongs to the Mesoproterozoic Erathem instead. This change is a milestone in understanding the Precambrian Stratigraphic Time Scale in China, and it has had great influence on Precambrian correlations in Asia. Otherwise, a large amount of geochronological work has been done in the “Jiangnan Orogen Belt” of South China, and new isotopic data have redefined the traditional recognition of metamorphosed Mesoproterozoic strata from the Sibao orogeny to the Neoproterozoic Erathem. Based on SHRIMP zircon U‐Pb age data, the authors regard the Sibao orogeny (equal to the Willing orogeny) as a movement at ca 820 Ma, meaning that the Sibao orogeny was not equivalent to the Grenvillian orogeny. Finally, we report here the first SHRIMP U‐Pb age of the boundary between the top of the Qingbaikouan Gongdong Formation (786.8±5.6 Ma) and the bottom of the Chang'an (diamictite) Formation (778.4±5.2 Ma), which is the age of the lowest diamictite of the Nanhuan System in China.
Geochronological Records of Oil‐Gas Accumulations in the Permian Reservoirs of the Northeastern Ordos Basin
Authors: CHEN Gang , YANG Fu , LI Shuheng , ZHANG Huiruo , HU Yanxu , LEI Panpan
Published: December 2013

Geochronology of oil‐gas accumulation (OGA) is a challenging subject of petroleum geology in multi‐cycle superimposed basins. By K‐Ar dating of authigenic illite (AI) and fluid inclusion (FI) analysis combined with apatite fission track (AFT) thermal modeling, a case study of constraining the OGA times of the Permian reservoirs in northeast Ordos basin (NOB) has been conducted in this paper. AI dating of the Permian oil‐gas‐bearing sandstone core‐samples shows a wide time domain of 178–108 Ma. The distribution of the AI ages presents 2‐stage primary OGA processes in the Permian reservoirs, which developed in the time domains of 175–155 Ma and 145–115 Ma with 2‐peak ages of 165 Ma and 130 Ma, respectively. The FI temperature peaks of the samples and their projected ages on the AFT thermal path not only present two groups with a low and a high peak temperatures in ranges of 90–78°C and 125–118°C, respectively corresponding to 2‐stage primary OGA processes of 162–153 Ma and 140–128 Ma in the Permian reservoirs, but also appear a medium temperature group with the peak of 98°C in agreement with a secondary OGA process of c.∼30 Ma in the Upper Permian reservoirs. The integrated analysis of the AI and FI ages and the tectono‐thermal evolution reveals that the Permian reservoirs in the NOB experienced at least 2‐stage primary OGA processes of 165–153 Ma and 140–128 Ma in agreement with the subsidence thermal process of the Mid‐Early Jurassic and the tectono‐thermal event of the Early Cretaceous. Then, the Upper Permian reservoirs further experienced at least 1‐stage secondary OGA process of c.∼30 Ma in coincidence with a critical tectonic conversion between the slow and the rapid uplift processes from the Late Cretaceous to Neogene.