bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Il progetto MEDITA
La documentazione non letteraria mediolatina e la lessicografia storico-etimologica italo-romanza
Authors: Greco Paolo , Cotugno Alessio , Giuliani Mariafrancesca
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on the PRIN 2022 project MEDITA, resulting from the collaboration of the University of Naples Federico II, the University Ca’ Foscari Venice and the Opera del Vocabolario Italiano (CNR, Florence). The project aims to build a textual knowledge base of non-literary Medieval Latin texts of the Italian area. In the first paragraph we describe the fundamental characteristics and main purposes of the project, then we dwell on the digital platform’s structure (§ 2) and on the articulation of the project and its units (§ 3). The conclusion (§ 4) focuses on the twofold purpose of the knowledge base integrated within the MED.ITA digital platform, showing both the relevance of Middle Latin practical texts for Romance lexicography and their linguistic value as an object of analysis in itself.
Control of compressor station units using a fuzzy inverse model
Authors: Rudenko O.G. , Bezsonov O.O. , Lebediev O.G. , Romanyk O.S.
Published: December 2024

Existing and common statistical (RMSE, MAPE, MAE and others) and some information criteria (AIC, KIC, HQ, etc.) for selecting a perceptron model for forecasting are analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages of these criteria are discussed. In addition, the recently proposed new criteria, which have not yet become widespread, but which, according to the authors, have significant advantages are considered. Such criteria include direction accuracy criterion and its modification, directional symmetry and its modification, weighted information criterion and its adaptive modification.
The considered model selection criteria are utilized for prediction the volume of passenger traffic at airports in Germany. The results suggest that the criteria for selecting a model based on the median of the forecasts have less variability than others, while the criteria based on the geometric mean have greater variability.
Multi-step method of ADALINE learning in the presence of stationary correlated noises
Authors: Rudenko O.G. , Bezsonov O.O. , Serdiuk N.M. , Lebediev O.G. , Lebediev V.O.
Published: December 2024

The problem of constructing a recurrent form of a multistep learning algorithm ADALIN in the presence of stationary correlated noise is considered. The ADALIN learning process can be significantly accelerated if we apply a multi-step algorithm that uses a limited number of measurements, that is, it has a limited memory and is based on the current regression analysis algorithm. The problem of constructing a recurrent form of the current regression analysis algorithm is considered, which makes it possible to estimate unknown parameters in the presence of stationary correlated noise. The main relationships are obtained that describe the processes of accumulation of new and dumping of obsolete information. It is shown that the algorithms under consideration use transformations of a random vector with correlated components into a random vector with uncorrelated components.
Artist recognition by painting
Authors: Yevtushenko I.I. , Vechur O.V.
Published: December 2024

An algorithm for determining the author of a painting with an image has been developed. The task is difficult, since the field of art has traditionally been difficult to formalize. In addition, during processing, you need to modify the paintings to a minimum, otherwise information about the style may be lost. An algorithm is based on modern approaches, namely a convolutional neural network with the RegNet architecture. This architecture is known not only for its power, but also for its interesting hypothesis testing mechanism, which is discussed in the work. The data set “Best Artworks of All Time” is used for training. Within the framework of the experiments, training is carried out using several functions of loss of random data changes, preliminary training without a teacher, and a dying learning rate.
Creating logical network to describe the process of correspondence of balance sheet accounts of accounting for deposits of business entities and individuals
Authors: Vechirska I.D. I.D. , Chernousova M.S. , Vechirska A.D.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study the toolkit of the algebra of finite predicates for the formalization of accounting processes, in particular, the process of correspondence of balance sheet accounts of accounting for the deposits of business entities and individuals. The bank’s accounting is a component of the bank’s information system and includes accounting of transactions on the relevant accounts based on automated and manual postings, compilation of aggregate and detailed reports. The chart of accounts of bank’s accounting of Ukraine is a systematized list of accounts of accounting, which is used for detailed and complete registration of all banking operations. The introduction of the predicate for recognizing an object in the specified area made it possible to describe arbitrary type data formally. Applied method of creating logical networks provides the increase in the speed of information processing due to parallelization of processing. Thus, a complex multiplace relation was transformed into a composition of binary relations, which are described in the language of finite predicate algebra,considering a detailed system analysis of the subject area. The mathematical model of the process of correspondence of accounts of deposits of business entities and individuals is given by a predicate that depends on eleven variables. This predicate is characterized by a system of eleven binary relations, which are represented in the article by bipartite graphs and formulas of the corresponding predicates. The model predicate has the form of a conjunction of all the binary predicates built above. The constructed logical network of the correspondence process of balance sheet runs iteratively until get constant results on two steps in a row and accounts allows solving the problems of analysis and synthesis of the bank’s information system, including accounting of transactions on the corresponding accounts.
Антропологический эстетизм в философии Константина Леонтьева
Authors: Гиренок Федор
Published: December 2024

В статье исследуется антропологический смысл эстетики в творчестве К. Н. Леонтьева. Автор показывает, что в философии Леонтьева отклоняется идея калокагатии, сформулированная древними греками, и разрабатывается идея трансцендентного эгоизма. В основе этой идеи лежит резкое противопоставление земного мира и небесного. В статье сравнивается позитивизм О. Конта, выраженный в законе трех стадий, с эстетической идеей К. Леонтьева, которая также реализуется в троичном движении от простоты к цветущей сложности и вторичному упрощению. В результате анализа проекта эстетической антропологии делается вывод о том, что философия Леонтьева пытается соединить в эстетическом принципе антропологический пессимизм христианского взгляда на судьбу человека и языческий принцип цветущей сложности органической жизни, которая не подчиняется принципам морали. В статье показано, что надмирной этики бытия не существует, этика существует только у человека.
Истоки нечеловеческой антропологии в русской живописи
Authors: Ростова Наталья
Published: December 2024

В статье исследуются истоки постгуманизма и нечеловеческой антропологии в русской живописи XX в. По мнению автора статьи, идеи радикальной трансгрессии, свойственные этому направлению мысли, мы обнаруживаем задолго до соответствующих философских проектов в живописи художников В. Шухаева и А. Яковлева, творческая жизнь которых неразрывно связана. Анализируя серию этюдов сангиной на тему животного мира, сделанных художниками в римском зоологическом саду для полотна «Поклонение волхвов», автор выявляет кардинальное отличие реализуемого замысла от традиционного исполнения данного сюжета в классической живописи. Ключевой установкой художников становится идея животных-субъектов, предполагающая отказ от антропоцентризма и подрывающая смысл онтологических иерархий и различений. Эта установка найдет свое полное выражение в полотне А. Яковлева «Человек и павиан», которую автор сравнивает с образами витрувианского человека Леонардо да Винчи и Ацефала Жоржа Батая. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что если пластичный образ Ацефала символически оспаривает идеалы разума в человеческом мире, то образ человека-павиана олицетворяет маргинализацию человека, аффективная жизнь которого отныне понимается как часть природы.
Адаптационный потенциал «ценностного ядра» российского социокультурного мира в условиях современности: к постановке проблемы
Authors: Ефремов Олег
Published: December 2024

Данная статья посвящена аксиологическому аспекту адаптации к современности. Ценности – важнейший механизм ориентации и регуляции деятельности, следовательно, от содержания и степени признания ценностей зависят адаптационные возможности общества. Можно сказать, что ценности призваны придать эффективному статус должного. Данная ситуация осознана в наиболее удачно модернизирующихся обществах, например в Китае, в частности, в работах главного идеолога КНР профессора Ван Хунина. Роль ценностей признается и в России, с этим связан ряд законодательных актов, а также реализуемые интеллектуальным сообществом совместно с властными структурами проекты, например, такие как «ДНК России» и «Цивилизационное будущее России». Утверждается, что особую значимость имеет сознательное восприятие ценностей молодежью, что выступает условием обретения ею осознанной идентичности. В статье формулируется понятие ценностного ядра российского социокультурного мира, описывается его содержание, строение и функции. Основные ценности формулируются в терминах, аутентичных отечественной традиции. Предпринимается оценка некоторых адаптационных возможностей отечественного ценностного ядра (ценностей хозяйствования и служения), а также условий его адаптационной эффективности. К числу данных условий отнесены: принцип избегания крайностей в сочетании «своего – чужого», соотношение традиции и новации, должного и сущего, русского и российского. Особый акцент сделан на требовании критической рефлексии ценностей, что является условием их модернизации, необходимой для выполнения адаптивных функций. В заключении выдвигается предложение о создании «исследовательской оптики», прежде всего понятийного аппарата, приспособленного к анализу российского социокультурного мира, позволяющего увидеть как общесоциальные, так и специфические его характеристики.
Этика искусственного интеллекта как прикладная этика
Authors: Алексеева Ирина
Published: December 2024

Этика искусственного интеллекта рассматривается главным образом как направление научных исследований, оформляющееся в XXI в. и объединяющее как ученых, работающих в области искусственного интеллекта (ИИ), так и философов. Это направление охватывает не только вопросы, касающиеся поведения и нравственного сознания людей, создающих и использующих системы искусственного интеллекта, но также вопросы «поведения» таких систем. Будучи одним из видов прикладной этики, этика ИИ не избегает осмысления глубинных философских проблем сущности человека, его свободы, статуса и перспектив в технологизирующемся мире. В статье уделено внимание взаимосвязям и пересечениям этики ИИ с родственными прикладными этиками – компьютерной, инженерной, «технической». Отмечается обусловленное прогрессом в области ИИ расширение сферы применимости термина «агент» в русском философском языке. Присоединяясь к позиции, согласно которой субъектом деятельности и ответственности за работу систем ИИ может быть только человек, автор обсуждает условия действенности способов этической регуляции, в том числе этических кодексов.
Субъектность в контексте проблемы конечности жизни
Authors: Антипов Алексей
Published: December 2024

Смерть и умирание являются одними из наиболее важных проблем человечества. Появление и распространение новых технологий вносит коррективы в способы понимания смерти, актуализируется проблема критерия смерти, поскольку граница между живым и мертвым становится тоньше и более проницаемой. При этом сама смерть дополняется процессом умирания, которое приобретает новые черты при развитии новых технологий. Процессуальность умирания характеризуется не только пролонгированием во времени, но формированием особого дискурсивного пространства, в котором конституируется субъектность умирающего. Медикализация умирания сопровождается технологизацией и институциализацией, что характеризует умирание как контролируемое и происходящее в заданных условиях больниц и хосписов. При этом анализируются как негативные черты институциализации, которые состоят в контроле со стороны технологий и обезличенной заботе со стороны незнакомцев, так и положительные характеристики хосписов, в которых формируется особое этическое пространство с целью улучшения качества жизни умирающего. Конституирование субъектности умирающего происходит на фоне контроля со стороны медицинского персонала и технологий над процессом умирания.
Türkiye’de ve Dünya’da Vergi Af Beklentisinin Popülerlik Analizi
Authors: Yelman Ercan , Tekşan Enes
Published: December 2024

Vergi afları, geçmişten günümüze politikacılar için önemli bir araç olarak varlığını korumaktadır. Bazı ülkelerde, vergi aflarına sıkça başvurulması nedeniyle af kavramı adeta bir kurum haline dönüşmüş ve bu durum mükelleflerin belirli aralıklarla yeni bir af beklentisi içine girmelerine yol açmıştır. Bu sebeple çalışmada, Google Trends verileri kullanılarak, 2004-2023 yılları arasında vergi affı ile ilişkilendirilen ifadeler hem Türkiye özelinde hem de küresel ölçekte Arama Hacmi İndeksleri üzerinden incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, vergi affı ve ilişkili ifadelerin hangi ülkelerde ve Türkiye'nin hangi illerinde daha yoğun bir şekilde arandığı değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, vergi affı teriminin en fazla popüler olduğu ülkenin Endonezya olduğu tespit edilirken, Türkiye özelinde ise en yüksek arama hacminin İzmir ilinde gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. Bunun yanı sıra, diğer elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde, bu çalışmanın vergi aflarını farklı bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirme ve inceleme açısından bilim insanlarına önemli veriler sunma potansiyeli taşıdığını ifade etmek mümkündür.
PROOF OF THE COLLATZ CONJECTURE USING THE REVERSE ALGORITHM
Authors: PERVANE UĞUR
Published: December 2024

The Collatz conjecture has remained unsolved for a long time. In this paper, a proof of this conjecture will be presented. We know that almost all numbers will eventually reach one through the steps of the Collatz algorithm. Terence Tao has previously proven this. This paper demonstrates that all numbers will reach one by using Tao's proof. If almost all numbers reach one, then the probability that a randomly chosen number from the set of positive integers will reach one is one. The probability that a number will not reach one is zero. The probability of selecting the elements of the number sequences associated with a number n that violates the conjecture from the set of positive integers is a non-zero value such as c. However, this contradicts the proof that almost all numbers reach one. Therefore, there is no such number n that violates the conjecture, and the conjecture is true for all numbers. In order to prove that the probability of selecting the elements of the number sequences associated with a number n that violates the conjecture from the set of positive integers is a non-zero value like c, we examine the sequences associated with one. If the probability of selecting the elements of some branches of these sequences from the set of positive integers is a non-zero value, we reach the desired proof.
Evaluating differences in latent means across studies: Extending meta-analytic confirmatory factor analysis with the analysis of means
Authors: Jak Suzanne , Cheung Mike W.-L. , Acar Selcuk , Kindred Reuben
Published: December 2024

Meta-analytic confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is a type of meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) that is useful for evaluating the factor structure of measurement scales based on data from multiple studies. Modeling the factor structure is just one example of many potentially interesting research questions. Analyzing covariance matrices allows for the evaluation of measurement properties across studies, such as whether indicators are functioning the same across studies. For example, are some indicators more indicative of the common factor in certain types of studies than in others? The additional analysis of means of the observed variables opens up many other research questions to consider such as: ‘Are there mean differences in mental health between clinical and non-clinical samples?’. To answer such questions, it is necessary to analyze both the covariance and the mean structure of the indicators. Meta-analytic CFA with means is applicable when the studies included in the meta-analysis used the same indicators, measured on the same scales. In this paper, we present and illustrate a method to incorporate the means of variables in MASEM analyses of such datasets. We focus on meta-analytic CFA, with the aim of testing differences in latent means across studies. We provide illustrations of the comparison of latent means across groups of studies using two empirical datasets, for which data and analysis scripts are provided online. Finally, we discuss how the proposed method relates to other analysis options such as multigroup or multilevel structural equation modeling.
Can you be tempted? A description of errors among 7-17 year-old children verifying correct and incorrect arithmetic equations
Authors: Towse John Nicholas , Hutton Una , Hitch Graham J
Published: December 2024

The report is based on research funded by the Economic and Social ResearchCouncil, grant number R000236113. The present report provides subsidiary analysesof an experiment on children’s memory performance. Further details are describedelsewhere (Towse, Hitch, & Hutton, in prep.).
Autonomy in learning: Predictability modulates the beneficial effect of choice on learning
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqi , van Lieshout Lieke , Bekkering Harold
Published: December 2024

When people are offered the opportunity to choose, they tend to learn better. To investigate cognitive mechanisms of this beneficial effect of choice on learning, a learning task was designed in which we independently manipulated choice and predictability. In half of the blocks, participants could choose which object they wanted to see, while in other blocks, choices were made for them. Meanwhile, in half of the blocks, they would always see the selected object (high predictability), while in other blocks, they had 50% chance to see the selected object (low predictability). Memory accuracy was tested by a recognition task. We found a facilitatory effect of choice on learning under both high and low predictability. However, this effect was markedly smaller under low predictability. These findings suggest choices enhance learning because they are rewarding by themselves, while facilitating prediction processes. This study has important educational implications, urging teachers to offer choices to students and to satisfy students’ needs in classroom settings.
Subclinical hypomania in youth and bipolar disorder: a phenotypic continuum? A critical review
Authors: González-Calvo Irene , Ronald Angelica , Havers Laura , Marinca Alina Arabella , Taylor Mark , Hosang Georgina
Published: December 2024

Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterised by episodes of mania and hypomania (the less severe presentation of mania). (Hypo)manic symptoms include elevated/irritable mood, increased energy, and goal-directed behaviour. Subclinical hypomania is common in non-clinical community populations, particularly among adolescents. Evidence indicates that experiencing these symptoms in youth is linked to the development of BD. However, questions remain around whether subclinical hypomania lies on the same continuum as BD phenotypically and aetiologically and, thus, represents a valid target for its study. This critical review synthesises some of the research surrounding the predictive and construct validity of youth subclinical hypomania as a quantitative trait of BD. The findings presented show that youth subclinical hypomania I) is associated with the later development of BD, and II) shares similarities with BD, including risk factors (high heritability, childhood maltreatment/adversity, substance use), and co-occurring symptoms (depression, psychosis, sleep problems, personality traits) and conditions (substance use, anxiety, personality disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism). Despite the sparsity of research and limitations of the literature, these associations are similar to those observed in other well-documented continuums (e.g., autistic traits–autism, psychotic-like experiences–adult psychopathology) and are suggestive of the predictive and construct validity of the youth subclinical hypomania–BD continuum. BD is a multisymptomatic illness that may be best understood as the intersection of various quantitative traits, but youth subclinical hypomania appears to represent one important target for its study. Given its adverse impact and association with other mental illnesses, youth subclinical hypomania warrants investigation in its own right.
Conversation skills training for people with autism through virtual reality: using responsible research and innovation approach
Authors: Politis Yurgos , Sung Connie , goodman lizbeth , Leahy Michael
Published: December 2024

It would be hard to argue that participatory design approaches to technological development of products and services for people with disabilities have been under-utilized, if not neglected (Frauenberger, 2015; Benton and Johnson, 2015). This can be attributed to the fact that in the past, decisions related to the design and development were generally influenced by designers rather than the people with disabilities who were the end-users. However, user involvement in the design/creation of products and services, has been evolving over time and the role of the users has changed: from influencers of just the final outcome to influencers of the development and design process; from being tasked with the standardization of products/ outcomes to being actively involved in their customization to meet individuals’ needs and preferences; from, more recently, mere participants to having a relationship with the designers/developers. This more bottom-up approach increases the inclusion of the main stakeholders (people with disabilities) in the decision-making process and makes their role more visible and prominent. They are in direct dialogue with the “experts” (researchers, designers, developers, innovators etc.), which empowers a more ethical and sustainable innovation process that leads to more desirable outcomes. Those are the main principles of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), which seeks to involve society in framing the discussion around the ways science and technology can improve the world for the next generations. This paper will present an example of an RRI approach adopted in the development of an intervention for conversation skills training for young adults with autism, using Virtual Reality.
Expanding Horizons of Plithogenic SuperHyperStructures: Applications in Decision-Making, Control, and Neuro Systems
Authors: Fujita Takaaki
Published: December 2024

This study explores advanced frameworks for modeling uncertainty and complexity, including fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, and plithogenic sets. Plithogenic sets, which generalize fuzzy and neutrosophic sets by incorporating multi-attribute and contradictory properties, provide a flexible tool for representing complex systems. To formalize these ideas, we utilize hyperstructures and superhyperstructures, enabling hierarchical and multi-layered relationships. Applications in decision-making and control systems are examined, with a focus on superhyperdecision-making and extending neuro-fuzzy systems to plithogenic systems within superhyperstructure frameworks. Finally, we propose future research directions, such as applying plithogenic sets to lattice theory and blockchain technology, along with integrating superhyperstructures to enhance these fields.
إثر المحاسبة الخضراء في تحسين التدقيق البيئي لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة
Authors: ندى كاكي بيره  , احمد عباس علي
Published: December 2024

يهدف البحث الى بيان اثر المحاسبة الخضراء في تحسين التدقيق البيئي لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة، ولتحقيق هدف البحث قام الباحثان باستخدام قائمة استبيان لجمع البيانات اللازمة لاختبار فرضيات البحث، حيث وزعت على عينة من (84) فردا من العاملين في الشركات الصناعية المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية،وقد أظهرت نتائج تحليل الاحصائي الوصفي بان هناك تأثير طردي لمتغيرات البحث ، حيث ان أي زيادة في المتغير المستقل(المحاسبة الخضراء) بمقدار درجة واحدة يؤدي الى الزيادة بمقدار(24.5%) في المتغير الوسيط(التدقيق البيئي)، وكذلك يؤدي الى الزيادة بمقدار(41.5%) في المتغير التابع(التنمية المستدامة). كما أظهرت نتائج تحليل الإحصاء الوصفي بان أي زيادة في المتغير الوسيط(التدقيق البيئي) بمقدار درجة واحدة يؤدي الى الزيادة بمقدار(41.5%)في المتغير التابع(التنمية المستدامة)، فضلا عن ذلك فان المتغير الوسيط(التدقيق البيئي) له الوساطة الجزئية في تأثير المتغير المستقل(المحاسبة الخضراء) في المتغير التابع (التنمية المستدامة)، وبناء على هذه النتائج تم تقديم توصيات من أهمها  ضرورة تطبيق المحاسبة الخضراء والتدقيق البيئي في الوحدات الاقتصادية مما يساعدهم في القياس والافصاح وفحص الأداء البيئي والاجتماعي والاقتصادي والذي يسهم في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة.
تحليل ابعاد ظاهرة تأكل راس المال البشري في العراق بعد عام 2003
Authors: فلاح خلف علي الربيعي  , سهيلة عبد الزهرة الحجيمي
Published: December 2024

يهدف البحث إلى رصد وتحليل التدهور  في مؤشرات رأس المال البشري في العراق بعد عام 2003 لمعرفة مصادر الهدر في رأس المال البشري. وتتلخص مشكلة البحث بتفاقم ظاهرة التأكل في رأس المال البشري في العراق بعد عام 2003 نتيجة لهيمنة الايمان المغالى به من قبل صانعي القرار بقوة التأثير الاقتصادي للثروة النفطية، الذي أدى اهمال قطاعات الإنتاج الرئيسية وعناصر الإنتاج المؤثرة في العملية الإنتاجية وبخاصة راس المال البشري. ويفترض البحث بأن التوجه الريعي للسياسات الاقتصادية قد أدى الى اهمال قطاعات الإنتاج الرئيسية وضعف الاستثمار في رأس المال البشري، هو الذي أدى الى ارتفاع معدلات الفقر والبطالة وتراجع المؤشرات الصحية والتعليمية مما أدى وسيع وتعميق التأكل  في رأس المال البشري في العراق وتشير نتائج البحث الى ان الارتفاع في معدلات الفقر والبطالة، والتدنّي مستويات في المؤشرات الصحية والتعليمية بعد عام 2003 كان مصحوبا باستمرار الارتفاع في حجم الانفاق العسكري
Campaña por el salario para el trabajo doméstico: poner la reproducción en el centro del análisis marxista
Authors: Jiménez Valdez Elsa Ivette
Published: December 2024

Jiménez Valdez, Elsa Ivette. Campaña por el salario para el trabajo doméstico: poner la reproducción en el centro del análisis marxista. En este artículo presentaré algunas de las principales argumentaciones y aportes que las teóricas feministas involucradas en la Campaña por el salario para el trabajo doméstico elaboraron para explicar los modos en los que el capitalismo explota a sujetos no asalariados, particularmente a las mujeres. Apoyándose en el pensamiento de Marx —pero también desafiándolo— estas autoras mostraron que el capitalismo, más que un modo de producción, es una forma de organizar las relaciones sociales, ya que separa, jerarquiza y estructura las sociedades para asegurar la acumulación. Naturalizar la reproducción es una estrategia clave para asegurar e invisibilizar la explotación de las mujeres en el hogar, haciendo pasar por amor el trabajo no pagado que beneficia a los varones y, a través de ellos, al capital. Su obra demostró que poner la reproducción en el centro del análisis transforma, profundiza y expande los horizontes de la lucha anticapitalista.
La Sierra Tarahumara y los tarahumaras en dos escritos de Francisco Xavier Clavigero
Authors: Rodríguez López Abel
Published: December 2024

Rodríguez López, Abel. La Sierra Tarahumara y los tarahumaras en dos escritos de Francisco Xavier Clavigero. En el presente artículo reviso tanto la Historia antigua de México, obra de Francisco Xavier Clavigero, como una parte de la correspondencia de este autor exiliado en Bolonia a partir de 1767. El objetivo principal es mostrar el “acercamiento” y conocimiento de este autor sobre la Sierra Tarahumara y los tarahumaras, una relación no explorada hasta hoy. Concluyo apuntando la relevancia que han tenido este grupo indígena y su territorio como referentes de la historia de México, así como señalando el punto de vista de Clavigero en tanto seguidor de una política de la diferencia que aboga por el respeto a la identidad y el reconocimiento de las poblaciones indígenas, más allá de los intereses religiosos universalistas de su época.
Lesiones premalignas y cáncer de cuello uterino no relacionados al virus del papiloma humano
Authors: Taxa Luis
Published: December 2024

El cáncer de cuello uterino es la segunda neoplasia maligna más frecuente en la mujer peruana. Lanueva clasificación de la OMS divide a las neoplasias epiteliales de cuello uterino en función de lapresencia o no del virus del papiloma humano (VPH), tanto para la forma escamosa como glandular.Se ha estudiado mucho el cáncer de cuello uterino relacionado al VPH y poco el que es negativo paraVPH que, aunque representa un grupo minoritario, es de diferente comportamiento y peorpronóstico. La presente revisión representa una visión general de esta patología haciendo hincapiésobre los aspectos moleculares. Indudablemente, con la investigación de este grupo patológico yprincipalmente el desarrollo molecular se esperan tratamientos más específicos.
الوقف الإسلامي: دراسة في الأركان وطرق التعامل معه
Authors: Abdul Manas Sayuti , Abdullah Ismail
Published: December 2024

المطلع على أحوال الوقف في العالم الإسلامي يجد مواقف متعددة في التعامل معه، وذلك بين من يقصره على جانب معين هو العقار، مهملا جوانب متعددة في الوقف، ويسيِّرُه بالطرق القديمة، ويُضَيِّق من مجال استثماره، حتى صار الوقف لا يؤتي ثماره ويتعرَّض للاستغلال، وبين من يفسح المجال واسعا أمام الوقف، ويسعى لتطوير تسييره باستعمال طرق متنوعة، لكنها لا تزال محل تجريب، ويفتح أبواب الاستثمار، بطرق متعددة لا يخلو بعضها من مخاطر، وثالث يقف متردِّدا في أيِّ السبل يسلك، رغبة في تحقيق مقاصد الوقف، وتلبية لحاجات الخلق. وهدفت هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز أركان الوقف، وطرق التعامل مع الوقف الإسلامي؛ وذلك من أجل الانطلاق الحقيقي لتنمية الوقف واستثماره بما يوافق الشرع، ويحقق في النهاية الرقيَّ الحضاريَّ للأمة، وذلك بتلبية الحاجات والإحسان بين الخلق عن طريق الوقف. وسيعتمد الباحثان في دراستهما على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، فيستعملان المنهج الوصفي في تحديد معنى الوقف وبيان مشروعيته، والمنهج التحليلي في تبيين أركانه وطرق التعامل معه؛ للخروج من خلاله بأهم النتائج والتوصيات. وقد تمت معالجة الموضوع بأن للوقف في الإسلام أركانا أربعة، هي: الواقف، والموقوف، والموقوف عليه، والصيغة، ولكل ركن من هذه الأركان شروط يلزم توفرها؛ ليحقق الوقف مقاصده، ويمكن استنتاج أنواع الوقف من خلال الأركان باعتبارات متعددة، فباعتبار الجهة المقصودة بالوقف نجد الوقف الأهلي، والوقف الخيري أو العام، وباعتبار المال الموقوف نجد وقف العقار، ووقف المنقول، ووقف النقد، وأبرز طرق التعامل مع الوقف يمكن حصرها في جوانب ثلاثة، التسيير، والاستثمار، والاستبدال، فالوقف يحتاج إلى تسيير؛ لحفظ المقاصد التي وقف لأجلها، وقد يتطلب ذلك استثماره أو استثمار منافعه، وقد يقتضي الأمر في حالات متعددة استبداله بأحسن منه.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الوقف، الأركان، الأنواع، التعامل، التنمية
دواعي النسخ ودعاويه وأثرهما على الأحكام الشرعية: دراسة موضوعية
Authors: AlShamiri Hakim Ibrahim Abdul Jabbar
Published: December 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز أهمية الناسخ والمنسوخ، والدواعي والدعاوي منهما، التي تكتنفهما، ومدى آثارهما على الحكم الشرعي، والعلاقة بينهما وبين المسائل الفقهية، ومعرفة شرط جواز النسخ وأركانه. فعلم الناسخ والمنسوخ من أهم العلوم في معرفة الحلال والحرام، وخاصة للمجتهد في الأحكام الشرعية، فلا يجوز لأحد أن يفتي في أي مسألة من مسائل الشرع حتى يعرف مكانها من الناسخ والمنسوخ. ويعتبر هذا العلم شرطا من شروط المتفقه في الدين، وميزاناً يرتكز عليه المفتي حال بحثه في معرفة الحلال والحرام، ولا يستغني عن معرفته عالم ولا متعلم. ويواجه الباحث إشكالية في الدعاوي التي تصاحب الناسخ والمنسوخ واختلاف أهل العلم في ثبوتهما، والطرق التي من خلالها يُتعرف عليهما. وقد توصل  الباحث إلى أهمية الناسخ والمنسوخ وأثرهما على المسائل الفقهية، والتعرف على الدعاوي والدواعي المحيطة بهما من خلال النماذج والتطبيقات لبعض المسائل الفقهية المتعلقة بالأحكام الشرعية.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الناسخ، المنسوخ، الدواعي، الدعاوي، الأحكام
الوصية للوارث: دراسة فقهية تحليلية
Authors: Karim Fatimah , Awang Abdul Bari , Zakaria Mohamad Sabri
Published: December 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة موضوع "الوصية للوارث: دراسة فقهية تحليلية". وقد تناول البحث بيان تعريف الوصية، وتوضيح معنى الوارث في الفقه الإسلامي. ثم تطرَّق إلى آراء الفقهاء في حكم الوصية للوارث. ويعنى هذا البحث بمناقشة أدلة الفقهاء في هذه القضية في ضوء فقه الميراث. كما تشير الدراسة إلى أن الفقهاء اختلفوا في حكم الوصية للوارث على ثلاثة مذاهب، فيرى فقهاء الشيعة الإمامية وبعض الزيدية بأن الوصية للوارث جائزة بما لا يزيد عن الثلث، سواء أجازها الورثة أو لم يجيزوها، على خلاف رأي جمهور الفقهاء الذين يبطلون الوصية للوارث إلا بإجازة الورثة؛ لأن إجازتهم لها كالتبرع بحقهم فيها، ومنهم من منع نفاذها مطلقًا مثل الظاهرية. وقد حذّر الفقهاء من النتائج التي تسببها الوصية لأحد الورثة دون غيره؛ لأن ذلك يوغر الصدور، ويحدث في القلوب الحقد والكراهية، ولكن من ناحية أخرى فقد يكون في الوصية مصالح نافعة إن كان في الورثة صاحب حاجة. وتعتمد الباحثة في هذه الدراسة على المنهجين الاستقرائي والتحليلي. وانتهى البحث إلى ترجيح رأي الجمهور، القائل بأنه لا تنفذ الوصية للوارث إلا بإجازة بقية الورثة؛ لقوة أدلتهم، وحرصهم على وحدة صف ورثة المتوفى وتآلفهم، ودوام صلة الرحم بينهم.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الوصية، الوارث، الدراسة الفقهية، الإجازة
Value-Based Intermediation: An Analysis from The Perspective of Shariah And Its Objectives
Authors: Hassan Rusni , Mohamad Nor Fatimah
Published: December 2024

Despite considerable growth across the globe, including Malaysia, Islamic banking and finance has witnessed substantial criticism over the lack of social concern in its economic activities, which is one of the most significant elements of the objectives of Shariah. Currently, Bank Negara Malaysia has taken a new initiative by introducing Value-Based Intermediation (VBI). It plays a crucial role in delivering the objectives of Shariah through various strategies. The aim of this paper, hence, is to explore the Shariah principles that have been embedded in VBI. It also aims to discuss the objectives of Shariah in VBI. This paper is qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory. It employs document analysis and library research whereby the data is mainly derived from both primary and secondary sources. This paper is confined to only a conceptual discussion on the implementation of Shari`ah and its objectives in VBI. The findings indicate that there are at least five Shariah principles that have been embedded in VBI. Furthermore, the general Shariah objective of having VBI is to deliver justice, establish values, and enhance social responsibility. However, the specific Shariah objective of VBI is to achieve preservation of wealth through various tools and mechanisms. Finally, this paper contributes to the body of knowledge by giving insights on the implementation of the Shariah and its objectives in VBI, and it could be used as a reference in developing a sound Islamic ethical foundation for future Islamic financial institutions that is lacking in Islamic finance literature.
Keywords: Value-Based Intermediation (VBI), Shariah, Maqasid al-Shari'ah.
Interdiction of the Shameless Mufti in Juristic Tradition and Its Application in Contemporary Reality: A Juristic and Maqasadic Study
Authors: Nurunnabi Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Issuance of religious verdict (fatwā) has been approved divinely and is also a Prophetic function. It is a heavy responsibility that requires total trustworthiness. Establishing this religious verdict should not be done except by qualified people. Despite that, in the recent decades, chaos has been occurring in giving religious verdicts all over the world, as this has become a global phenomenon. This is because most of those who have recently produced religious verdicts have not considered the eligibility or requirements needed before doing so. They proceed with this task in different forms, such as media channels, webs, posts and booklets, which has led to contradictions in fatwa, confusion and dispute among Muslims, coupled with the societal instability. Considering the danger of giving religious verdicts by unqualified people, the classical jurists issued a fatwa for interdiction of these unqualified people by preventing them from their action and cancelling their verdicts, in order to save the public from their danger. This situation has led to the appearance of a terminology known as “interdiction of the shameless mufti”. This study aims at defining the shameless mufti and describing the Shari`ah ruling and reason for his interdiction, who should interdict him and how this rule could be implemented in our contemporary life. This research adopts both the inductive and analytical approaches.
Mechanisms of Promoting Economic Security and Social Peace: A Contemporary Juristic Perspective
Authors: Mohamed Ali Zaroum Abdul Hamid , Abdul Wahab Amer
Published: December 2024

This paper highlights some of the mechanisms that contribute to the promotion of economic security and social peace and lead to the stabilization of the society and prosperity of its economy from the Islamic perspective inspired by the Shari`ah texts as well as the practices of the first Muslim generation who lived in peace and spread peace in the world. The primary research problem is a fundamental question: does Islam have a vision in achieving economic security and social peace? Adapting inductive and analytical approaches, the researchers have dealt with these mechanisms, the most important of which are the prohibition and criminalization of wars, the prohibition of gambling, the prohibition of division of society into classes, and all that would nourish enmities and lead to missing the Legislator’s [Allah’s] objective of property and wealth. Among the most important findings of this research is that Islam strictly prohibits monopoly and excessive profit, requires equitable distribution of wealth so that it is not accumulated in a few hands and to refrain from accumulating huge profits by means of exploiting the need of the consumer and that our religion calls us to close the economic differences among individuals so that there is neither excessive wealth, nor extreme poverty.
The Role of Key Functions of Shariah Governance In Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs)
Authors: Alnofli Abdulrahman , Engku Ali Engku Rabiah Adawiah
Published: December 2024

A solid governance in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) is reflected in their efficient and sound operations. Due to the significant role of Sharī‘ah governance in enhancing and developing the operations and transactions of IFIs according to Sharī‘ah rules and principles, every IFI must have a sound Sharī‘ah governance framework. The key players of this governance should be defined and mentioned clearly. This paper discusses the role of key functions of Sharī‘ah governance in IFIs such as the Sharī‘ah Supervisory Board (SSB), Sharī‘ah review and Sharī‘ah audit. Moreover, this paper provides brief information about models of Sharī‘ah governance worldwide. The main objective of this study is to provide a clear insight about the key elements of Sharī‘ah governance in IFIs. In order to give this clear insight of the Sharī‘ah governance models, this study describes radically different models of Sharī‘ah governance, and focuses on their similarities and differences.
Study of Donation of Debt in Islamic Jurisprudence with Emphasis on Imami and Hanafi Schools of Law
Authors: Mirshekari Abbas , Fattahi keti late Alireza , Abedi Ali , Ghasemi Ramin
Published: December 2024

Could a debt also be the subject of a donation? Some jurists believe that such a donation is not appropriate due to the impossibility of a debt acquisition. This group of jurists believes that donating debts is a payment to the debtor not in the form of a donation but in the form of a release, since the result is the same: the fall of a debt. The donation of debts to a third party is also considered to be void by this group. In contrast, it is argued by another group of jurists that the acquisition should not solely be interpreted as material possession since the objective of the acquisition is to donate the property that is the subject of the acquisition. This also occurs in debt acquisition. In addition, as we know, if the subject of a donation is in the possession of a donee, no acquisition is required. In this regard, the debts also become the debtor’s acquisition since it is his obligation. Although both the donation and release lead to the same result, their initial effects are different: a donation results in the possession of a debt, and the release leads to the fall of a debt. Such a difference would raise further differences. Regarding the donation of a debt to a third-party, the same happens as the third party possesses a debt after donating it, so that he can be referred to as the debtor, resulting in both domination and acquisition. Accordingly, the donation of a debt to a third-party should also be considered appropriate. This paper focuses on the views of Imami and Hanafi Schools of law in this regard.
Suspension of Friday and Daily Congregational Prayers during Pandemic: A Juristic Maqasidic Study
Authors: Bodruzzaman A .K. M. , Nurunnabi Mohammad
Published: December 2024

This study analyses the rulings of Islamic Shari'ah regarding the suspension of daily and weekly congregational prayers during COVID-19 or any other situation like this. Since saving lives from any harm is one of the major objectives of Sharīʿah, it prefers performing prayers at home instead of going to the mosque for prayer in congregation during COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive method has been followed in this article through incorporating the opinions of Muslim scholars and some international fiqh academies regarding the suspension of congregational prayers during COVID-19. The study, primarily, reveals Sharīʿah rulings for three issues of congressional prayers during any pandemic or emergency situation. They are: firstly, the ruling for Friday and daily congregational prayers in the mosque during COVID-19; secondly, ruling for attending Friday and congregational daily prayers for those who are already affected; thirdly, ruling for attending Friday and daily congregational prayers in the mosques by following preventive measures.
A Comprehensive Review on the Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Piper sarmentosum
Authors: Ibrahim Maizatul , Zulkiflee Nur Farra Izzlyn , Mohd Hasali Nor Hazwani
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Piper sarmentosum is a herbaceous plant that belongs to Piperaceae family which possesses antioxidant and anticancer properties due to its phytochemical compositions. It grows abundantly in Southeast Asia and widely explored in ethnomedicinal study.  
Materials and method: This paper reviews previous scientific research data on P. sarmentosum on the aspects of its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Related scientific articles were searched through academic search engines including Elsevier, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and IOP Scinotes, where the literatures were reviewed thoroughly.
Results: The findings from the study have concluded that P. sarmentosum contain terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and alkaloids, as its main phytochemical contents of secondary metabolites. Extensive reports on its antioxidant potential were also recorded where P. sarmentosum were found to reduce free radicals. Researchers discovered anticancer activities were exhibited against several cancer cell lines including HepG2, HT-29, MCF-7, HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and HK-1. From the studied literatures, it can be concluded that the phytochemicals in P. sarmentosum contribute to its antioxidant and anticancer properties. 
Conclusion: This research provides comprehensive and updated information on P. sarmentosum’s phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and anticancer properties that could be used as references for further investigation on P. sarmentosum in pharmacological study.
An insight into the use and advantages of Carbopol in topical mucoadhesive drug delivery system: A systematic review
Authors: Mohammad Hamdi Nurul Ain , Azmi Nurul Atifah , Mohd Sabari Nurul Hanis , Harun Ahmad Fahmi , Haris Muhammad Salahuddin
Published: December 2024

Introduction: In recent years, mucoadhesive topical application of mucous membrane has gained considerable interest among formulation researchers in advanced drug delivery systems. It has been identified as a potential route for both local and systemic drug delivery. A mucoadhesive agent is usually incorporated in the formulation to overcome the disadvantages associated with the conventional topical formulation. These disadvantages include low residence time of the medication on the site of application due to tongue movement and salivary washout in the intraoral formulation, mucociliary clearance in the intranasal application, and rapid precorneal elimination in the intraocular formulation. Carbomer or known as Carbopol is a mucoadhesive polymer that is widely studied for topical delivery of pharmaceutical agents to the mucous membrane. The use of Carbopol and its advantages in the mucoadhesive topical application has gained considerable interest with several published studies and is available in various grades. In this study, a systematic review was performed on the available literature that investigates the Carbopol application in mucoadhesive topical drug delivery. Method: A systematic searching strategy was performed in Scopus, ProQuest, and PubMed databases using predetermined search strings. A total of 778 articles were retrieved, however, only 25 articles met the inclusion criteria and were used for data synthesis. Results: The results showed that incorporation of Carbopol as mucoadhesive polymer hold multiple advantages in drug delivery namely excellent mucoadhesion effect, the prolonged residence time of the formulation, enhanced drug permeation, prolonged release of drug, pseudoplastic behaviour of the formulation, pH compatibility with all mucosal site, and biocompatible. Conclusion: This suggests that the incorporation of Carbopol can be an effective mucoadhesive agent for topical drug delivery systems.