bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From induction to embryo proliferation: improved somatic embryogenesis protocol in grapevine for Italian cultivars and hybrid Vitis rootstocks
Authors: Capriotti Luca , Limera Cecilia , Mezzetti Bruno , Ricci Angela , Sabbadini Silvia
Published: July 2022

Somatic embryogenesis is the most common regeneration method for the application of new genomic techniques like cisgenesis/intragenesis, genome editing, and RNAi. However, some local important genotypes show recalcitrance to this morphogenetic strategy, which represents an obstacle for the application of genetic engineering techniques. Whole flowers, stamens, and pistils of three different ItalianVitis viniferaL. cultivars (Ancellotta, Glera, and Lambrusco Salamino), and four hybrid rootstocks (110 Richter, 17.37, SO4, Star 50) have been tested in several culture media with changing basal salts (NN and MS), different combinations of growth regulators (BAP, 2,4-D, NOA, PIC, and NAA), and gelling agents, to initiate somatic embryogenesis. The formation of embryogenic calli was observed mainly from whole flowers cultured on PIV medium (NN salts, B5 vitamins, 3 g L−1gelrite, 60 g L−1sucrose, 8.9 µM BAP, and 4.5 µM 2,4-D), and stamens on MS1 medium (MS salts and vitamins, 7 g L−1plant agar, 20 g L−1sucrose, 4.5 µM BAP, and 5 µM 2,4-D), in the cv. Ancellotta, Lambrusco Salamino, and all the rootstocks, except for Star 50, which showed the best embryogenetic response from pistils placed on MS1. In a recalcitrant cv. as Glera, pistils placed on MS medium supplemented with 1 µM BAP, 5 µM 2,4-D, and gelrite as gelling agent, showed the highest percentage of embryogenesis. In addition, a two-step protocol was efficiently optimized for further induction of secondary embryo production for the above-listed grapevine genotypes, which guaranteed the long-term maintenance of embryogenic cultures from clusters or single somatic embryos.
ISHIGAKI Retrieval System Using 3D Shape Matching and Combinatorial Optimization
Authors: Koutaki Gou , Ando Sakino , Shirai Keiichiro , Kishigami Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2022

In April 2016, a massive earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 struck Kumamoto region, Japan, causing major devastation. One of the structures that were damaged in Kumamoto was Kumamoto Castle, a cultural asset of great significance in Japan. The stone retaining wall “ishigaki” that formed the foundation of the castle collapsed, and the superstructure was destroyed. The number of stones is estimated to be more than 70,000, and restoration work is anticipated to take more than 20 years. Since each of the stones is an important cultural asset, the broken stone structure needed to be restored to its original state in order not to lose its cultural value forever. In addition, the fallen stones need to be returned to their original positions in the ishigakis. In similar cases, non-automatic visual verification was used. However, for Kumamoto Castle, this would have been impossible because a large number of stones were displaced as a result of the collapse. The purpose of this project is to provide support for the restoration work by matching the stones that fell down after the collapse with those before the collapse using information technology, such as computer vision and optimization technologies. Specifically, we captured photographic images of the stones before and after the collapse to match them. The technical contributions of this study are as follows: (a) To estimate the scale and surface orientation of the stones, we exploit 3D model construction from the images. (b) To solve the jigsaw-puzzle-like problem of reassembling the stone fragments, we exploit the combination of a customized iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm for shape position matching and an assignment algorithm to find the best pairs of stones before and after the collapse by using the matching degree obtained from ICP. Here, only the 2D shape of the stones before the collapse can be used due to the small number of photos available. In contrast, a detailed 3D shape can be obtained from the stones after their collapse. We matched these asymmetric data in 2D and 3D to enable a comprehensive reconstruction. (c) We developed a user-friendly graphical user interface system that was used by actual masons without special knowledge. The developed system was used to match the ishigaki of a turret, Iidamaru. As a result, we succeeded in identifying 337 stones, or approximately 90% of the 370 images. These results are expected to be useful for and were used as a blueprint during actual restoration work.
Ultra-High-Throughput EMS NB-LDPC Decoder with Full-Parallel Node Processing
Authors: Harb Hassan , Ghouwayel Ali Chamas Al , Conde-Canencia Laura , Marchand Cédric , Boutillon Emmanuel
Published: July 2022

This paper presents an ultra-high-throughput decoder architecture for NB-LDPC codes based on the Hybrid Extended Min-Sum algorithm. We introduce a new processing block that updates a check node and its associated variable nodes in a fully pipelined way, thus allowing the decoder to process one row of the parity check matrix per clock cycle. The work specifically focuses on a rate 5/6 code of size (N, K) = (144, 120) symbols over GF(64). The synthesis results on a 28-nm technology show that for a 0.789 M NAND-gates complexity complexity, the architecture reaches a decoding throughput of 0.9 Gbps with 30 decoding iterations. Compared to the 5G binary LDPC code of the same size and code rate, the proposed architecture offers a gain of 0.3 dB at a Frame Error Rate of $$10^{-3}$$

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Life satisfaction in Europe and Iran: the role of self-esteem, gender identification and ambivalent sexism
Authors: Rollero Chiara , Czepczor-Bernat Kamila , Fedi Angela , Boza Mihaela , Brytek-Matera Anna , Lemoine Jérémy E. , Sahlan Reza N. , Wilson Emma , De Piccoli Norma , Gattino Silvia
Published: July 2022

Life satisfaction is one of the most relevant indicators of psychological health. The present study aimed at extending previous research on life satisfaction by examining its antecedents for men and women in five countries (e.g., Italy, Poland, Romania, the UK, and Iran), with different levels of gender equality, according to the Global Gender Gap Index. Besides traditional variables (i.e., age, self-esteem and income), we also investigated the role of ambivalent sexism and gender identification. Participants were 2561 adults (54% female). Results showed the key role of self-esteem for both men and women and across countries. Gender identification was positively associated with life satisfaction, with the only exception of the more gender egalitarian country, i.e., the UK. Furthermore, in the less egalitarian countries, i.e., Italy and Iran, life satisfaction is also positively related to benevolent stereotypes toward men. Taken together, findings underline the interdependence between personal and contextual dimensions in sustaining life satisfaction, and the role of gender as a significant variable in terms of both the existence of different patterns for men and women and the effects of gender stereotypes across cultures.
Home learning environment and out-of-home activities: their relations to prosocial behaviour and peer relationships in primary school children
Authors: Volodina Anna
Published: July 2022

There is consensus that child socio-emotional development is influenced by various contexts, such as the family one. Research on influencing factors on child socio-emotional skills mainly investigated the effects of home learning environment, whereas the effects of out-of-home activities were often analysed mainly in samples of adolescents. The present study aimed to shed light on effects of preschool home learning environment and out-of-home activities on two facets of socio-emotional skills at the beginning of primary school: Prosocial behaviour and peer relationships. The information on the child prosocial behaviour and peer relationships at preschool age was included with the aim to control for most of the differences across children. Using data from a large sample of children (N = 1,818; Mage = 7.08 years, SD = 0.15; 49.9% girls), results of regression analyses show significant effects of out-of-home activities on prosocial behaviour after controlling a range of child- and family-related influencing factors on prosocial behaviour as well as prosocial behaviour at preschool age. The effects of home learning environment were significant after controlling a range of child- and family-related influencing factors on both facets of socio-emotional skills but became nonsignificant after taking into account respective behaviour at preschool age. The results of the present study suggest that fostering participation in out-of-home activities might contribute to an increase of prosocial behaviour in primary school children.
Open Anterior Component Separation for Complex Incisional and Ventral Hernias—When and How? Case Series Analysis
Authors: Moga Doru , Oprea Valentin
Published: July 2022

Closing the midline in patients with incisional hernias is the cornerstone for a functional reconstruction with low morbidity, low recurrence rates, and good cosmetic results, which is the ideal outcome for every hernia surgeon. However, in patients with large hernias (usually over 10 cm width) or in loss of domain cases, this goal is difficult to achieve. Anterior component separation with or without mesh reinforcement has been the procedure of choice for these patients despite its high rate of wound complications. The goal of our study is to evaluate the opportunity and necessity of the anterior component separation in patients with complex incisional or ventral hernias (defects larger than 10 cm, infected meshes). Data of patients with large incisional/ventral hernia operated using anterior component separation technique in the past 10 years were re-visited and analyzed from hospital records between January 2012 and December 2020. Demographic data (age, gender, body mass index, ASA score) and the main steps of the technique were recorded. Data were reported as mean and standard deviation. We used the anterior component separation in 66 cases, mainly for septic conditions (open abdomen, chronic and extended infections of the abdominal wall, chronic-infected meshes). For large parietal defects with aseptic local condition, we used mesh-reinforced anterior component separation (five patients). Mean age was 68.7 years. Among them, 29 patients developed wound complications (hematoma, seroma, infection). Mean hospital stay was 12.6 days. Recurrence was 18% in patients without mesh and zero in patients with mesh reinforcement after a minimum one-year follow-up. Anterior component separation is still a valid procedure in patients with large abdominal defects especially when a septic wound is to be closed. For large parietal defects, if a wide subcutaneous dissection is required, mesh-reinforced anterior component separation remains a valid alternative in abdominal wall reconstruction in certain cases (mainly aseptic conditions).
A Robust Superhydrophobic Smart Coating with Reversible Thermochromic and Photochromic Property
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Xuesong , Wang Zhihao , Chen Tao , Zhang Honglian , Duan Wei , Han Huilong
Published: July 2022

Both thermochromic and photochromic coating have attracted many attentions due to their widely applications, but the low stability is a big obstacle. Inspired by the lotus leaf, to endow the chromic coating with superhydrophobicity is a possible solution. In this research, a dual response coating was prepared by adding photochromic and thermochromic particles simultaneously. The prepared sample demonstrated at least four-state color switching, which can be successfully used in tactile imaging, multi-color fabric, erasable record, and security labels. The superhydrophobicity was achieved by introducing vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, which not only offers low surface energy but also can cross-link with the particles to increase the adhesion. Thus, the prepared sample maintained superhydrophobicity after various kinds of destruction (such as sandpaper abrasion, corrosive liquid attack, ultrasonic treatment, UV irradiation, and high-speed drops/turbulent jets impact). Even though the superhydrophobicity can be destroyed by plasma etching, it can be recovered after 12 h at room temperature.
A Novel Hybrid Methodology for Anomaly Detection in Time Series
Authors: Begic Fazlic Lejla , Halawa Ahmed , Schmeink Anke , Lipp Robert , Martin Lukas , Peine Arne , Morgen Marlies , Vollmer Thomas , Winter Stefan , Dartmann Guido
Published: July 2022

Numerous research methods have been developed to detect anomalies in the areas of security and risk analysis. In healthcare, there are numerous use cases where anomaly detection is relevant. For example, early detection of sepsis is one such use case. Early treatment of sepsis is cost effective and reduces the number of hospital days of patients in the ICU. There is no single procedure that is sufficient for sepsis diagnosis, and combinations of approaches are needed. Detecting anomalies in patient time series data could help speed the development of some decisions. However, our algorithm must be viewed as complementary to other approaches based on laboratory values and physician judgments. The focus of this work is to develop a hybrid method for detecting anomalies that occur, for example, in multidimensional medical signals, sensor signals, or other time series in business and nature. The novelty of our approach lies in the extension and combination of existing approaches: Statistics, Self Organizing Maps and Linear Discriminant Analysis in a unique and unprecedented way with the goal of identifying different types of anomalies in real-time measurement data and defining the point where the anomaly occurs. The proposed algorithm not only has the full potential to detect anomalies, but also to find real points where an anomaly starts.
A Novel Approach Based on Power Aggregation Operator with the Hybrid-Indicator Information for Evaluating Regional Development Level of Rural Practical Talents
Authors: Liu Peide , Wang Fubin , Wang Peng
Published: July 2022

The development level evaluation of regional rural practical talents needs to comprehensively consider a variety of factors. The general development level of rural practical talents in different regions has little difference, but there are significant differences between different factors. This paper proposes a set of scientific indicators for evaluating rural practical talents, which can be used to understand the development status and level of rural practical talents in various regions and to further provide method support for the development level evaluation of rural practical talents in various regions of China. To avoid the overly subjective drawback of setting index weights in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), we set the indicator weights via the variation coefficient method and fuse the evaluation information based on an aggregation approach with a hybrid-indicator information power operator, which can lead to a more scientific and effective evaluation of the development level of rural practical talents. Finally, we apply the proposed approach to conducting the applied research on real cases, give relevant analysis and suggestions, and propose the training and introduction policies for the rural practical talents, to promote the development of rural revitalization and construction.
An Eye State Recognition System Using Transfer Learning: AlexNet-Based Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Kayadibi Ismail , Güraksın Gür Emre , Ergün Uçman , Özmen Süzme Nurgül
Published: July 2022

For eye state recognition (closed or open), a mechanism based on deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) using the Zhejiang University (ZJU) and Closed Eyes in the Wild (CEW) dataset, has been proposed in this paper. In instances where blinking is consequential, eye state recognition plays a critical part for the development of human–machine interaction (HMI) solutions. To accomplish this objective, pre-trained CNN architectures on ImageNet were first trained on the both dataset, which included both open and closed-eye states, and then they were tested, and their performance was quantified. The AlexNet design has proven to be more successful owing to these assessments. The ZJU and CEW datasets were leveraged to train the DCNN architecture, which was constructed employing AlexNet modifications for performance enhancement. On the both datasets, the suggested DCNN architecture was tested for performance. The achieved DCNN design was found to have 97.32% accuracy, 95.37% sensitivity, 97.97% specificity, 93.99% precision, 94.67% F1 score, and 99.37% AUC values in the ZJU dataset, while it was found to have 97.93% accuracy, 98.74% sensitivity, 97.15% specificity, 97.11% precision, 97.92% F1 score, and 99.69% AUC values in the CEW dataset. Accordingly, when compared to CNN architectures, it scored the maximum performance. At the same time, the DCNN architecture proposed on the ZJU and CEW datasets has been confirmed to be an acceptable and productive solution for eye state recognition depending on the outcomes compared to the studies in the literature. This method may contribute to the development of HMI systems by adding to the literature on eye state recognition.
Knudsen minimum disappearance in molecular-confined flows
Authors: Corral-Casas Carlos , Li Jun , Borg Matthew K. , Gibelli Livio
Published: July 2022

It is well known that the Poiseuille mass flow rate along microchannels shows a stationary point as the fluid density decreases, referred to as the Knudsen minimum. Surprisingly, if the flow characteristic length is comparable to the molecular size, the Knudsen minimum disappears, as reported for the first time by Wu et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 794, 2016, pp. 252–266). However, there is still no fundamental understanding why the mass flow rate monotonically increases throughout the entire range of flow regimes. Although diffusion is believed to dominate the fluid transport at the nanoscale, here we show that the Fick's first law fails in capturing this behaviour, and so diffusion alone is insufficient to explain this confined flow phenomenon. Rather, we show that the Knudsen minimum disappears in tight confinements because the decay of the mass flow rate due to the decreasing density effects is overcome by the enhancing contribution to the flow provided by the fluid velocity slip at the wall.
The streaks of wall-bounded turbulence need not be long
Authors: Jiménez Javier
Published: July 2022

The effect of damping the longest streaks in wall-bounded turbulence is explored using numerical experiments. It is found that long streaks are not required for the self-sustenance of the bursting process, which is relatively little affected by their absence. In particular, there are turbulence states in which the fluctuations of the streamwise velocity have approximately the same length as the bursts, and are thus presumably associated with the bursts themselves, while the burst structure is essentially indistinguishable from flows in which longer velocity fluctuations are present. This suggests that the long streaks found in unmodified flows may be by-products, rather than active parts of the process.
Low socioeconomic status predicts vitamin D status in a cross-section of Irish children
Authors: Scully Helena , Laird Eamon , Healy Martin , Crowley Vivion , Walsh James Bernard , McCarroll Kevin
Published: July 2022

Vitamin D is essential for bone and muscle health with adequate status in childhood crucial for normal skeletal development. We aimed to investigate vitamin D status in a convenience sample (n= 1226) of Irish children (aged 1–17 years) who had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) tested by request of their GP at a Dublin Hospital between 2014 and 2020. We examined predictors including age, sex, season and socioeconomic status (SES). Vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/l) was prevalent affecting 23 % and was more common in disadvantaged areas (34 %) and in those aged >12v. ≤12 years (24 %v. 16 %,P= 0⋅033). The greatest predictor was SES (disadvantagedv. affluent, OR 2⋅18, CI 1⋅34, 3⋅53,P= 0⋅002), followed by female sex (OR 1⋅57, CI 1⋅15, 2⋅14,P= 0⋅005) and winter season (October to February, OR 1⋅40, CI 1⋅07, 1⋅84,P= 0⋅015). A quarter of our sample of children were deficient, rising to one-third in those in disadvantaged areas. Females and those aged over 12 years had a higher prevalence of deficiency. Public health strategies to improve vitamin D status in Irish children, including systematic food fortification may need to be considered to address this issue.
A novel antennal form in trilobites
Authors: Edgecombe Gregory D. , Fortey Richard. A.
Published: July 2022

Known antennae of trilobites are all flagelliform, in marked contrast to the varied first antennae of marine pancrustaceans. An exceptionally preserved specimen of the Early Ordovician (late Tremadocian) asaphidAsaphellus tataensisVidal, 1998, from the Fezouata Shale in Morocco, exhibits both antennae in situ; they are relatively short, widen distally, and bear a series of round, dome-shaped organs along both their dorsal and ventral surfaces. These organs are vastly larger than chemo- or mechanosensory sensilla on the antennae of other arthropods, rendering their homology and function uncertain. The clavate antennae ofAsaphellusreveal the furthest deviation from the inferred ancestral state of the trilobite antenna known to date. This could be an adaptation for detection of prey, because most Asaphidae have been claimed as predators and scavengers on the basis of specialized features of the calcified exoskeleton.
REVISITING THE LEGALITY OF TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW DURING COVID-19
Authors: Forman Lisa , Habibi Roojin
Published: July 2022

Under the International Health Regulations (IHR), States must consider decision-making criteria in applying travel restrictions during a public health emergency of international concern. Interpretation on the legal parameters of such restrictions varies widely. This article considers whether and how the permissibility of travel restrictions under the IHR may have changed given recent developments, including evolving scientific evidence about their efficacy and shifting World Health Organization (WHO) advice. It is argued that such determinations must conform to the principles of necessity and proportionality as articulated by the IHR, and must also be accompanied by the correlative IHR duties of collaboration and assistance rooted substantively in global solidarity.
The Distribution of Voting Rights to Shareholders
Authors: Fos Vyacheslav , Holderness Clifford G.
Published: July 2022

This is the first comprehensive study of the distribution of voting rights to shareholders. Only individuals owning stock on a record date may vote. Firms, however, reveal record dates after the fact 91% of the time. With controversial votes, firms are more likely to do the opposite, and this tendency is associated with a lower passage rate for shareholder-initiated proposals. The New York Stock Exchange sells nonpublic record-date information to select investors. When stocks go ex vote, prices decline and trading volume surges, suggesting that activist investors are buying marginal votes. These trends are most pronounced with controversial votes.
Towards comprehensive digital evaluation of low-carbon machining process planning
Authors: Chen Zhaoming , Zou Jinsong , Wang Wei
Published: July 2022

Low-carbon process planning is the basis for the implementation of low-carbon manufacturing technology. And it is of profound significance to improve process executability, reduce environmental pollution, decrease manufacturing cost, and improve product quality. In this paper, based on the perceptual data of parts machining process, considering the diversity of process planning schemes and factors affecting the green manufacturing, a multi-level evaluation criteria system is established from the aspects of processing time, manufacturing cost and processing quality, resource utilization, and environmental protection. An integrated evaluation method of low-carbon process planning schemes based on digital twins is constructed. Each index value is normalized by the polarized data processing method, its membership is determined by the fuzzy statistical method, and the combination weight of each index is determined by the hierarchical entropy weight method to realize the organic combination of theoretical analysis, practical experience, evaluation index, and process factors. The comprehensive evaluation of multi-process planning schemes is realized according to the improved fuzzy operation rules, and the best process planning solution is finally determined. Finally, taking the low-carbon process planning of an automobile part as an example, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method are verified by the evaluation of three alternative process planning schemes. The results show that the method adopted in this paper is more in line with the actual production and can provide enterprises with the optimal processing scheme with economic and environmental benefits, which may be helpful for more data-driven manufacturing process optimization in the future.
What if We Contain Multiple Morally Relevant Subjects?
Authors: Crummett Dustin
Published: July 2022

First, I introduce the concept of a “non-agential subject,” where a non-agential subject (1) exists within an organism and (2) has phenomenally conscious experiences in a morally significant way, but (3) is not morally responsible for (some or all of) the organism's voluntary actions. Second, I argue that it's a live possibility that typical adult humans contain non-agential subjects. Finally, I argue that, if there are non-agential subjects, this has important and surprising implications for a variety of ethical issues. Accordingly, ethicists should pay more attention to whether there are non-agential subjects and what their implications for ethics would be.
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries outcomes of different surgical techniques in a paediatric population: A single-centre report
Authors: Di Santo Marisa , Stelmaszewski Erica V. , Dilascio Mauricio , Barreta Jorge , Garcia Delucis Pablo , Cornelis Javier , Villa Alejandra
Published: July 2022

Background:

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is a complex pathology characterised by atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial discordance. Optimal surgical approaches are still a matter of debate.

Objective:

To evaluate the outcomes of different surgical treatments in a single centre.

Methods:

Between 1998 and 2020, 89 patients were studied. The cohort was divided into three groups: physiologic, anatomic, and univentricular repair.

Result:

Physiologic correction (56.18%) was associated with significant tricuspid valve regurgitation progress (42%) and complete AV block (30%) compared to anatomic repair. Right ventricular systolic dysfunction was developed in 14%. Instead, anatomic correction (30.34%) (double switch 59% and Rastelli type 40.7%) presented moderate to severe aortic regurgitation (4%) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (11%). Complete AV block was developed in 14.8%. Rate of reintervention was 34% for physiologic and 26% for anatomic. Univentricular palliation (13.8%) presented no complications or late mortality during the follow-up. The overall survival at 5 and 10 years, respectively, was 80% (95% CI 69, 87) and 75% (95% CI 62, 84). There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the groups (p log-rank = 0.5752).

Conclusion:

Management of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries remains a challenge. In this cohort, outcomes after physiologic repair were satisfactory in spite of the progression of tricuspid regurgitation and the high incidence of AV block. Anatomic repair improved tricuspid regurgitation but increased the risk of aortic regurgitation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The Fontan group showed the lowest incidence of complications.
Social meaning in archival interaction: a mixed-methods analysis of variation in rhoticity and past tense be in Oldham
Authors: DANN HOLLY , RYAN SADIE DURKACZ , DRUMMOND ROB
Published: July 2022

This article uses a mixed-methods approach to investigate the indexical fields of two variables, one phonological (rhoticity) and one morphosyntactic (past tense be), in oral history interviews with speakers from Oldham (Greater Manchester, UK), born between 1907 and 1929. In a quantitative analysis of the variation, we account for a range of linguistic constraints, and find some evidence suggesting that rhoticity does not tend to cooccur with nonstandard past tense be. To investigate this further, we employ a modified version of the Lectal Focusing in Interaction method (Sharma & Rampton 2015; Sharma 2018), allowing us to track the speakers’ variation in interaction. Using this method, we explore the indexical fields of the variables, which we suggest are potentially in conflict, perhaps explaining the observed pattern of non-cooccurrence. Overall, our analysis demonstrates how the status of rhoticity and past tense be in relation to prescribed standard English, as well as shifting and stable variables, influences their indexical potential in interaction.
A pilot trial investigating the feasibility of a future randomised controlled trial of Individualised Placement and Support for people unemployed with chronic pain recruiting in primary care
Authors: Walker-Bone Karen , Fraser Simon DS , Price Cathy , Maguire Nick , Cooper Cyrus , Madan Ira , Ntani Georgia , Linaker Cathy L
Published: July 2022

Background:

We investigated the feasibility of recruiting patients unemployed for more than 3 months with chronic pain using a range of methods in primary care in order to conduct a pilot trial of Individual Placement and Support (IPS) to improve quality of life outcomes for people with chronic pain.

Methods:

This research was informed by people with chronic pain. We assessed the feasibility of identification and recruitment of unemployed patients; the training and support needs of employment support workers to integrate with pain services; acceptability of randomisation, retention through follow-up and appropriate outcome measures for a definitive trial. Participants randomised to IPS received integrated support from an employment support worker and a pain occupational therapist to prepare for, and take up, a work placement. Those randomised to Treatment as Usual (TAU) received a bespoke workbook, delivered at an appointment with a research nurse not trained in vocational rehabilitation.

Results:

Using a range of approaches, recruitment through primary care was difficult and resource-intensive (1028 approached to recruit 37 eligible participants). Supplementing recruitment through pain services, another 13 people were recruited (total n = 50). Randomisation to both arms was acceptable: 22 were allocated to IPS and 28 to TAU. Recruited participants were generally not ‘work ready’, particularly if recruited through pain services.

Conclusion:

A definitive randomised controlled trial is not currently feasible for recruiting through primary care in the UK. Although a trial recruiting through pain services might be possible, participants could be unrepresentative in levels of disability and associated health complexities. Retention of participants over 12 months proved challenging, and methods for reducing attrition are required. The intervention has been manualised.
Cognitive behavioural group therapy with mindfulness for kleptomania: an open trial
Authors: Asami Yuka , Nomura Kazutaka , Shimada Hironori , Nakagawa Keiko , Sugano Mayuka , Koshiba Azusa , Ohishi Yasufumi , Ohishi Hiroyo , Ohishi Masayuki
Published: July 2022

Kleptomania is an addiction to stealing without an economic motive; therefore, an examination of effective interventions as a preventive measure is needed. The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) combined with mindfulness for the treatment of addiction has been previously indicated, and it is presumed to be effective for kleptomania; however, this relationship remains unstudied. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural group therapy (CBGT) combined with mindfulness for treating kleptomania. The results of a 12-session programme of CBGT combined with mindfulness for 22 patients with kleptomania showed that kleptomania symptoms and quality of life (QOL) improved. Furthermore, the recovery process revealed that the improvement of distress tolerance affected the improvement of kleptomania symptoms and that the improvement of reward perception and distress tolerance affected the improvement of stress response and QOL. These results suggest that CBGT combined with mindfulness may be effective in improving symptoms and QOL in kleptomania.

Key learning aims

(1)

To understand the clinical features of patients suffering from kleptomania.

(2)

To learn about CBT interventions for patients with kleptomania.

(3)

To gain an increased understanding of the mechanisms of recovery in patients with kleptomania.
Deep Ocean Learning of Small Scale Turbulence
Authors: Mashayek Ali , Reynard Nick , Zhai Fangming , Srinivasan Kaushik , Jelley Adam , Naveira Garabato Alberto , Caulfield Colm‐cille P.
Published: July 2022

Turbulent mixing at the sub‐meter scale is an essential component of the ocean's meridional overturning circulation and its associated global redistribution of heat, carbon, nutrients, pollutants, and other tracers. Whereas direct turbulence observations in the ocean interior are limited to a modest collection of field programs, basic information such as temperature, salinity, and depth is available globally. Here, we show that supervised machine learning algorithms can be trained on the existing turbulence data to develop skillful predictions of the key properties of turbulence from T, S, Z, and topographic data. This constitutes a promising first step toward a hybrid physics‐artificial intelligence approach to parameterization of turbulent mixing in ocean and climate models.
Genome-wide association study in individuals of European and African ancestry and multi-trait analysis of opioid use disorder identifies 19 independent genome-wide significant risk loci
Authors: Deak Joseph D. , Zhou Hang , Galimberti Marco , Levey Daniel F. , Wendt Frank R. , Sanchez-Roige Sandra , Hatoum Alexander S. , Johnson Emma C. , Nunez Yaira Z. , Demontis Ditte , Børglum Anders D. , Rajagopal Veera M. , Jennings Mariela V. , Kember Rachel L. , Justice Amy C. , Edenberg Howard J. , Agrawal Arpana , Polimanti Renato , Kranzler Henry R. , Gelernter Joel
Published: July 2022

Despite the large toll of opioid use disorder (OUD), genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of OUD to date have yielded few susceptibility loci. We performed a large-scale GWAS of OUD in individuals of European (EUR) and African (AFR) ancestry, optimizing genetic informativeness by performing MTAG (Multi-trait analysis of GWAS) with genetically correlated substance use disorders (SUDs). Meta-analysis included seven cohorts: the Million Veteran Program, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, iPSYCH, FinnGen, Partners Biobank, BioVU, and Yale-Penn 3, resulting in a total N = 639,063 (Ncases = 20,686;Neffective = 77,026) across ancestries. OUD cases were defined as having a lifetime OUD diagnosis, and controls as anyone not known to meet OUD criteria. We estimated SNP-heritability (h2SNP) and genetic correlations (rg). Based on genetic correlation, we performed MTAG on OUD, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and cannabis use disorder (CanUD). A leave-one-out polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis was performed to compare OUD and OUD-MTAG PRS as predictors of OUD case status in Yale-Penn 3. The EUR meta-analysis identified three genome-wide significant (GWS; p ≤ 5 × 10−8) lead SNPs—one at FURIN (rs11372849; p = 9.54 × 10−10) and two OPRM1 variants (rs1799971, p = 4.92 × 10−09; rs79704991, p = 1.11 × 10−08; r2 = 0.02). Rs1799971 (p = 4.91 × 10−08) and another OPRM1 variant (rs9478500; p = 1.95 × 10−08; r2 = 0.03) were identified in the cross-ancestry meta-analysis. Estimated h2SNP was 12.75%, with strong rg with CanUD (rg = 0.82; p = 1.14 × 10−47) and AUD (rg = 0.77; p = 6.36 × 10−78). The OUD-MTAG resulted in a GWAS Nequivalent = 128,748 and 18 independent GWS loci, some mapping to genes or gene regions that have previously been associated with psychiatric or addiction phenotypes. The OUD-MTAG PRS accounted for 3.81% of OUD variance (beta = 0.61;s.e. = 0.066; p = 2.00 × 10−16) compared to 2.41% (beta = 0.45; s.e. = 0.058; p = 2.90 × 10−13) explained by the OUD PRS. The current study identified OUD variant associations at OPRM1, single variant associations with FURIN, and 18 GWS associations in the OUD-MTAG. The genetic architecture of OUD is likely influenced by both OUD-specific loci and loci shared across SUDs.
A CpG 1018 adjuvanted neuraminidase vaccine provides robust protection from influenza virus challenge in mice
Authors: Strohmeier Shirin , Amanat Fatima , Campbell John D. , Traquina Paula , Coffman Robert L. , Krammer Florian
Published: July 2022

Influenza virus infections pose a significant threat to global health. Vaccination is the main countermeasure against influenza virus spread, however, the effectiveness of vaccines is variable. Current seasonal influenza virus vaccines mostly rely on the immunodominant hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein on the viral surface, which usually leads to a narrow and strain-specific immune response. The HA undergoes constant antigenic drift, which can lead to a dramatic loss in vaccine effectiveness, requiring the annual reformulation and readministration of influenza virus vaccines. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the subdominant glycoprotein, neuraminidase (NA), is an attractive target for vaccine development. Here, we tested a newly developed recombinant influenza virus N1 neuraminidase vaccine candidate, named N1-MPP, adjuvanted with CpG 1018, a TLR9 agonist. Additionally, N2-MPP and B-NA-MPP vaccine constructs have been generated to cover the range of influenza viruses that are seasonally circulating in humans. These constructs have been characterized in vitro and in vivo regarding their functionality and protective potential. Furthermore, a trivalent NA-MPP mix was tested. No antigenic competition between the individual NA constructs was detected. By adjuvating the recombinant protein constructs with CpG 1018 it was possible to induce a strong and robust immune response against the NA, which provided full protection against morbidity and mortality after high lethal challenges in vivo. This study provides important insights for the development of a broadly protective NA-based influenza virus vaccine candidate.
Ras-mutant cancers are sensitive to small molecule inhibition of V-type ATPases in mice
Authors: Tolani Bhairavi , Celli Anna , Yao Yanmin , Tan Yong Zi , Fetter Richard , Liem Christina R. , de Smith Adam J. , Vasanthakumar Thamiya , Bisignano Paola , Cotton Adam D. , Seiple Ian B. , Rubinstein John L. , Jost Marco , Weissman Jonathan S.
Published: July 2022

Mutations in Ras family proteins are implicated in 33% of human cancers, but direct pharmacological inhibition of Ras mutants remains challenging. As an alternative to direct inhibition, we screened for sensitivities in Ras-mutant cells and discovered 249C as a Ras-mutant selective cytotoxic agent with nanomolar potency against a spectrum of Ras-mutant cancers. 249C binds to vacuolar (V)-ATPase with nanomolar affinity and inhibits its activity, preventing lysosomal acidification and inhibiting autophagy and macropinocytosis pathways that several Ras-driven cancers rely on for survival. Unexpectedly, potency of 249C varies with the identity of the Ras driver mutation, with the highest potency forKRASG13D and G12V both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting a mutant-specific dependence on macropinocytosis and lysosomal pH. Indeed, 249C potently inhibits tumor growth without adverse side effects in mouse xenografts ofKRAS-driven lung and colon cancers. A comparison of isogenic SW48 xenografts with differentKRASmutations confirmed thatKRASG13D/+ (followed by G12V/+) mutations are especially sensitive to 249C treatment. These data establish proof-of-concept for targeting V-ATPase in cancers driven by specificKRASmutations such asKRASG13D and G12V.
Na+ riboswitches regulate genes for diverse physiological processes in bacteria
Authors: White Neil , Sadeeshkumar Harini , Sun Anna , Sudarsan Narasimhan , Breaker Ronald R.
Published: July 2022

Organisms presumably have mechanisms to monitor and physiologically adapt to changes in cellular Na+ concentrations. Only a single bacterial protein has previously been demonstrated to selectively sense Na+ and regulate gene expression. Here we report a riboswitch class, previously called the ‘DUF1646 motif’, whose members selectively sense Na+ and regulate the expression of genes relevant to sodium biology. Many proteins encoded by Na+-riboswitch-regulated genes are annotated as metal ion transporters, whereas others are involved in mitigating osmotic stress or harnessing Na+ gradients for ATP production. Na+ riboswitches exhibit dissociation constants in the low mM range, and strongly reject all other alkali and alkaline earth ions. Likewise, only Na+ triggers riboswitch-mediated transcription and gene expression changes. These findings reveal that some bacteria use Na+ riboswitches to monitor, adjust and exploit Na+ concentrations and gradients, and in some instances collaborate with c-di-AMP riboswitches to coordinate gene expression during osmotic stress.
Machine learning-based analysis of overall stability constants of metal–ligand complexes
Authors: Kanahashi Kaito , Urushihara Makoto , Yamaguchi Kenji
Published: July 2022

The stability constants of metal(M)-ligand(L) complexes are industrially important because they affect the quality of the plating film and the efficiency of metal separation. Thus, it is desirable to develop an effective screening method for promising ligands. Although there have been several machine-learning approaches for predicting stability constants, most of them focus only on the first overall stability constant of M-L complexes, and the variety of cations is also limited to less than 20. In this study, two Gaussian process regression models are developed to predict the first overall stability constant and the n-th (n > 1) overall stability constants. Furthermore, the feature relevance is quantitatively evaluated via sensitivity analysis. As a result, the electronegativities of both metal and ligand are found to be the most important factor for predicting the first overall stability constant. Interestingly, the predicted value of the first overall stability constant shows the highest correlation with the n-th overall stability constant of the corresponding M-L pair. Finally, the number of features is optimized using validation data where the ligands are not included in the training data, which indicates high generalizability. This study provides valuable insights and may help accelerate molecular screening and design for various applications.
An inertial mechanism behind dynamic station holding by fish swinging in a vortex street
Authors: Harvey Sam Tucker , Muhawenimana Valentine , Müller Stephanie , Wilson Catherine A. M. E. , Denissenko Petr
Published: July 2022

Many aquatic and aerial animal species are known to utilise their surrounding flow field and/or the induced flow field of a neighbour to reduce their physical exertion, however, the mechanism by which such benefits are obtained has remained elusive. In this work, we investigate the swimming dynamics of rainbow trout in the wake of a thrust-producing oscillating hydrofoil. Despite the higher flow velocities in the inner region of the vortex street, some fish maintain position in this region, while exhibiting an altered swimming gait. Estimates of energy expenditure indicate a reduction in the propulsive cost when compared to regular swimming. By examining the accelerations of the fish, an explanation of the mechanism by which energy is harvested from the vortices is proposed. Similar to dynamic soaring employed by albatross, the mechanism can be linked to the non-equilibrium hydrodynamic forces produced when fish encounter the cross-flow velocity generated by the vortex street.
Reflection of vortex beam from relativistic flying mirror
Authors: Chen Weixin , Zhang Xiaomei , Xu Dirui , Guo Xinju , Shen Baifei
Published: July 2022

In this study, the change in the angular momentum of a vortex beam after reflection from a relativistic flying mirror is investigated. This change is determined by performing full three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The results confirm that the spin angular momentum and linear momentum carried by the reflected beam are collinear. In addition, we show that the orbital angular momentum is not collinear with the linear momentum carried by the reflected beam owing to the Doppler effect.
Genome-wide association study in minority children with asthma implicates DNAH5 in bronchodilator responsiveness
Authors: Joo Jaehyun , Mak Angel C. Y. , Xiao Shujie , Sleiman Patrick M. , Hu Donglei , Huntsman Scott , Eng Celeste , Kan Mengyuan , Diwakar Avantika R. , Lasky-Su Jessica A. , Weiss Scott T. , Sordillo Joanne E. , Wu Ann C. , Cloutier Michelle , Canino Glorisa , Forno Erick , Celedón Juan C. , Seibold Max A. , Hakonarson Hakon , Williams L. Keoki , Burchard Esteban G. , Himes Blanca E.
Published: July 2022

Variability in response to short-acting β2-agonists (e.g., albuterol) among patients with asthma from diverse racial/ethnic groups may contribute to asthma disparities. We sought to identify genetic variants associated with bronchodilator response (BDR) to identify potential mechanisms of drug response and risk factors for worse asthma outcomes. Genome-wide association studies of bronchodilator response (BDR) were performed using TOPMed Whole Genome Sequencing data of the Asthma Translational Genomic Collaboration (ATGC), which corresponded to 1136 Puerto Rican, 656 Mexican and 4337 African American patients with asthma. With the population-specific GWAS results, a trans-ethnic meta-analysis was performed to identify BDR-associated variants shared across the three populations. Replication analysis was carried out in three pediatric asthma cohorts, including CAMP (Childhood Asthma Management Program; n = 560), GACRS (Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study; n = 967) and HPR (Hartford-Puerto Rico; n = 417). A genome-wide significant locus (rs35661809; P = 3.61 × 10–8) in LINC02220, a non-coding RNA gene, was identified in Puerto Ricans. While this region was devoid of protein-coding genes, capture Hi-C data showed a distal interaction with the promoter of the DNAH5 gene in lung tissue. In replication analysis, the GACRS cohort yielded a nominal association (1-tailed P < 0.05). No genetic variant was associated with BDR at the genome-wide significant threshold in Mexicans and African Americans. Our findings help inform genetic underpinnings of BDR for understudied minority patients with asthma, but the limited availability of genetic data for racial/ethnic minority children with asthma remains a paramount challenge.