bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modeling of Polyphosphazenes
Authors: Abid Amin , Hussain Shafiq , Qureshi Ahmad Kaleem , Jamil Muhammad , Rehman Hajira , Rauf Abdur
Published: August 2020

Polyphosphazenes was synthesized and their self assembly behavior was observed as reported in our previous work [1–5]. A number of experiments were carried out to study the polymerization behavior at various conditions of the polymerization time and temperature. The experimental data were analyzed by graphical and statistical methods and it was found that the polymerization phenomena was controlled by the synthesis time, i.e. Mw
= Mo ek
s
ts, where Mw
is molecular weight of the polymer at time ts, M
0(=203.24) is pre-exponential factor in the model and ks
is (=10686) is synthesis rate constant for the polymer.
Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome Involving Upper Limb and Chest Wall: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mironova N. , Dourmishev L. , Botev I. , Miteva L.
Published: August 2020

The group of congenital limb overgrowth syndromes associated with vascular malformations include various disorders, often with variable clinical expression. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is the most common syndrome in this group, compared to other similar disorders such as Proteus, Parkes-Weber, Sturge-Weber, Cobb, Maffucii and CLOVES syndromes. We present a case of a 55-year-old male who presented with swelling, pain, heaviness, numbness and increased local temperature, involving the right upper extremity and the right side of the chest wall and associated with a livid erythema. The patient had several comorbidities including arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. He also had a family history of diabetes mellitus. A multidisciplinary team-based treatment approach, including physicians with expertise in various medical and surgical specialties was applied with the patient being “the unifying focus” of all these experts and their efforts. A personal approach tailored to the patient’s preferences was the key to a successful treatment.
Chylothorax After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Vazhev Z. , Dimitrov K. , Stoev H.
Published: August 2020

In the following article we present a case of postoperative chylothorax as rare and severe complication after cardiac surgery. We present a case of 56-year-old man after double-valve replacement procedure and aorto-coronary artery bypass grafting, including pedicled left internal mammary artery towards left anterior descending artery. By the tenth postoperative day the total amount of drained milky white fluid from the left pleural cavity reached the colossal volume of 13 040 ml, despite the conservative therapy with intravenous Sandostatin (Octreotide) and parenteral feeding with a solution rich in medium chain triglycerides and amino acids – OliClínomel. The results of the biochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis chylothorax. On the tenth postoperative day, a revision of the left pleural cavity through left thoracotomy was performed and lesion of the thoracic duct was identified. The lesion was sutured and secured with fibrin tissue glue – Tissucol for definitive treatment of the lymphorrhagia. The combined therapeutic and surgical approach concerning this serious complication turned out to be effective, and the patient was discharged on the thirty-second postoperative day with significant clinical improvement without ultra-sound and x-ray data for left pleural effusion.
Neurofibromatosis Type I (Von Recklinghausen Disease): A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pozharashka J. , Dourmishev L. , Bardarov E. , Balabanova M. , Miteva L.
Published: August 2020

Neurofibromatosis type I is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with an incidence of about 1 in 3000 births. Apart from the typical skin involvement NF1 may affect multiple organs with ocular, neurological, skeletal and cardiovascular manifestations. We present a case of a 38-year-old man with multiple café-au-lait macules and hundreds of neurofibromas disseminated on the trunk and extremities dating from childhood. To establish the diagnosis and to exclude any complications we performed multiple examinations, including skin biopsy, laboratory investigations, ophthalmologic assessment, consultations with a neurologist, internist and orthopedist, etc. The treatment of cutaneous NF1 is mainly symptomatic. Surgical excision aims to achieve cosmetic results. Recently novel and perspective conservative therapies have been investigated. In order to ensure better outcome for the patients with NF1 long-term multi-disciplinary approach is advised.
Bulk milk quality as affected by cattle breed composition of the herd in mountain area
Authors: Zanon Thomas , Costa Angela , De Marchi Massimo , Penasa Mauro , König Sven , Gauly Matthias
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the variation of gross composition, somatic cell count, urea content, and fatty acids (FA) composition of bulk milk from single-breed and multi-breed farms in alpine area, keeping either Brown Swiss (BS), Holstein Friesian (HF), Simmental (SI), or their combinations. Gross milk composition, urea content, and FA composition were predicted using mid-infrared spectroscopy. Observations were grouped in 7 combinations consisting of 3 singlebreed and 4 multi-breed types of herd. A mixed linear model was used for data analysis, accounting for the fixed effects of herd composition (7 combinations), month of sampling, year of sampling, and the interactions between herd composition and month of sampling, and between herd composition and year of sampling. Farm was included as random effect. Results highlighted that about two thirds of South Tyrolean farms were single-breed and herds with more than 20 lactating cows changed herd structure over time, switching from multi- to single-breed. Single-breed BS farms produced milk with greater fat, protein, casein, lactose, and FA content than single-breed HF and SI farms. Further, multi-breed herds including BS cows produced milk with greater fat, protein, casein, and polyunsaturated FA content than multi-breed HF+SI herds. Overall, single-breed SI farms produced milk with lower somatic cell count than other herd combinations. Despite the number of BS cows in South Tyrol has decreased in favor of SI in the last years, this breed is still the most interesting for alpine dairy farming to achieve optimal milk quality in both single- and multi-breed scenarios. The tendency to move to SI is mainly related to good milk performance of SI cows coupled with their robustness, high carcass value, high market value of calves, and adaptability to mountain farming system.
Chemical Composition of Algerian Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. and Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oils from the Aures Region
Authors: Kebbi Sara , Fadel Hamza , Chalchat Jean-claude , Figueredo Gilles , Chalard Pierre , Hazmoune Hichem , Benayache Fadila , Benayache Samir , Seghiri Ramdane
Published: August 2020

This study was aimed to determine the chemical composition of essential oils obtained from aerial parts of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut. and Marrubium vulgare L. collected in the Aures region of Algeria. Essential oils were extracted by steam distillation method and analyzed using GC-MS and GC-FID techniques. Thirty-five (35) and twenty-nine (29) components were identified respectively in T. algeriensis and M. vulgare essential oils to represent respectively 94.8% and 75.7% of the total oil composition. The main compounds of T. algeriensis oil were germacrene D (29.6%), β-caryophyllene (11.0%), E-β-farnesene (7.8%), bicyclogermacrene (4.4%) and δ-cadinene (4.0%), while, β-bisaboene (36.3%), β-caryophyllene (7.8%), phytol (6.2%), nonacosane (4.0%) and heptacosane (3.3%) were the main components of M. vulgare oil. The richness of these two oils in germacrene D and β-bisaboene respectively could suggest a new bioactivity.
Effect of seasonal variations on the content of some osmolytes of Aleppo pine and holm oak
Authors: Rached-Kanouni M. , Bousba R. , Khammar H. , Redjaimia L. , Kadi Z. , Ababsa L.
Published: August 2020

The forest of Chettaba is of great ecological importance for the Constantine region. It is characterized by a very heterogeneous forest cover, the dominance of forest species (Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex) and an advanced stage of degradation. Vegetation in this region reflects the climate. The summer is dry and hot while the winter is rainy and cold. Indeed, the combination of rain and temperature directly influences the physiology of the vegetation in this forest. The main objective of this work is to characterize the different responses of Aleppo pine and holm oak seedlings and to specify the biochemical variations under the seasonal effect. Biochemical assays of proline, soluble sugars, total proteins and chlorophyll were quantified in the different organs of two species for each of the years 2018–2019. The results obtained show very significant accumulation of total soluble sugars and proline in holm oak and Aleppo pine leaves compared to stems and roots during the winter season (520 ± 20 and 370 ± 17.98 µmol/mg DM respectively). Contrary to the previous results, the highest total protein levels were recorded during the summer with levels of 0.666 ± 0.116 and 1,626 ± 0.107 mg/g FM. Parallel to the accumulation of these three solutes, a gradual decrease in the chlorophyll pigment content was recorded in winter and summer.
Impacts of anthropogenic pressure on the degradation of the forest of Doui Thabet (Saida, Western Algeria) in the context of the restoration
Authors: Ahmed Aouadj Sid , Yahia Nasrallah , Okkacha Hasnaoui , Hadj Khatir
Published: August 2020

The forest of Doui Thabet is one of the forests of the Mounts of Saida (Western Algeria) which is experiencing a dynamic regressive. Located in the semi-arid bioclimatic stage, it is located at the edge of two phytogeographic sub-sectors: atlas Tellien Oranais (O3) and high plateau subsector (H1). Among the factors that threaten to curb this fragile and weakened ecosystem, in addition to drought and climate aridity and which has become a structural ecological phenomenon; the overgrazing is also a major limiting factor. This current study provides a qualitative and quantitative assessment of anthropogenic pressure exerted in this area zone. The methodology adopted in this study is that of Le Houerou (1969) and Montoya (1983), which it is based on the calculation of the annual needs of the herd in forage units, the estimate of the feed potential of production, the coefficient of overgrazing and in addition to the anthropogenic pressure index. The result of the forage balance in the forest rangelands of the studied area has a forage deficit (overload) of (96.64%) (a sylvopastoral imbalance), in addition to that, the coefficient of overgrazing is (92.3%) and the anthropogenic pressure index is very high (28). The conservation and the restoration of this area is a major concern in the face of global changes, taking into account their mode of reproduction and their dynamics, for the development of restoration strategies and more effective ways of protection.
New ideas about the Balkan peninsula East Part morphotectonics
Authors: Tzankov Tzanko , Stankova Svetla
Published: August 2020

The article introduces the results of the author’s new investigations about the origin, Quaternary morphotectonic evolution and the modern morphostructure of the Bulgarian Continental Microplate in the eastern part of Balkan Peninsula. The research was realized on a base of the contemporary Plate tectonic study principia by means of the morphostructural analysis apply. It was provided the principal relief building role of the regional mosaic pattern and the listric faulting in the Balkan Peninsula East Part.
Students’ Resistance Behaviors: What Do Turkish Primary Teachers Face?
Authors: Sarı Mediha , Yolcu Ece
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Students could react to the learning activities, teachers, or administrators knowingly and willfully, many times intentionally by resisting in various ways. A detailed analysis of this definition indicates that unlike naughty behaviors, resistance behaviors do not develop suddenly, they are often planned beforehand by the student, and they contain some messages to the person or institution they are directed at. These kinds of behaviors could have negative effects not only on students’ academic, social, and psychological development but also on teachers’ professional satisfaction. Therefore, these issues should be elaborated carefully. However, despite the importance indicated in the literature, students’ resistance behaviors are one of the neglected issues that are not investigated adequately. With reference to this need, the presented study aims to identify perceptions of primary school teachers about students’ resistance behaviors.

Methods:
The participants were 152 primary school teachers. Data were collected through the Student Resistance Behaviors Scale for Teachers (SRBS-T) and Teacher Interview Form. In addition to descriptive statistics, data were analyzed using t-test and one-way ANOVA. Also, a qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted regarding qualitative data of the study.

Results:
Results show that the mean scores for SRBS were “medium” on a 5-point Likert scale. While teachers’ perceptions about resistance behaviors showed no significant differences according to gender and the type of school they graduated from, scores showed significant differences in terms of teachers’ years of seniority. According to the teachers, the most encountered resistant behaviors were gathered under the themes of resistance to teacher authority and hostile attitudes towards the teacher/peers.

Discussion:
Through discussion, the results obtained by the scale and interviews were discussed. All the findings showed that teachers are important receivers of resistance behaviors and they are facing with different types of resistance in the classroom.

Limitations:
It is obvious that these results were limited to the reached primary school teachers. Another limitation was that the data within the study collected via SRBS-T and interviews.

Conclusions:
The study showed that teachers and students are the key components of the educational process and students could show resistance to both the process and teachers in different ways. As this study only focused on primary teachers’ experiences, more studies could be organized through understanding the resistance middle and high school teachers face with as well. Further research could be conducted with students to see how they feel and behave when they feel resistance as well as with other teachers working at various levels of education and in various institutions.
Legal Framework for the Training of Health Care Specialists in the Health Care System of Lithuania to Work with the Disabled
Authors: Ratkevičienė Milda
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Health care is one of the most important fields not only in individual countries, but globally as well, yet it remains one of the most sensitive topics, too. Global organisations have calculated that one out of seven residents around the world has some sort of disability. It is very likely that due to various processes, the number of people with disabilities will increase. Therefore, the world in general and each country in particular, Lithuania included, faces a great challenge: to ensure suitable and high-quality accessibility to health care services for the disabled. Each country must have clear political guidelines and strategies how to ensure training of health care specialists qualified and able to carry out their tasks when working with the disabled. Therefore, this article analyses global trends of training specialists to work with the disabled and legal basis of such specialist training in Lithuania.

Methods:
This article features analysis of scientific literary sources and legal documents.

Results:
International and national Lithuanian documents have clearly established that people with disabilities have equal rights to health care services like the rest of the population without any reservations, so this norm must be established adhering to the principles of accessibility, suitability and universality, and which basically should be ensured by health care specialists. However, document analysis has revealed that documents governing the training of health care specialists in Lithuania and processes related to it pay little attention to the training of future health care specialists to work with the disabled, while descriptions of some specific areas of studies, e.g. dentistry, pharmacy, etc. designed to train health care specialists do no address the work with the disabled at all.

Discussion and conclusions:
Analysis has revealed that institutions of higher education in Lithuania that train health care specialists are not legally entitled to, other requirements aside, to focus the study process on the work with the disabled. Therefore, it begs the question whether such specialists are actually ready to implement the requirements guiding the provision of health care services and ensure top-quality and proper provision of services to all members of the society, irrespective of their special needs, disabilities, etc. Therefore, this article can serve as a basis for further research related to the training of health care specialists to work with the disabled in order to identify what practice is applied in this area in other countries, as well as to ensure it internationally, what are the options and means required to implement it and how to improve the training of health care specialists as much as possible to work with the disabled ensuring the quality of health care in particular and their life in general.
Socio-Cultural Based Learning Module for Critical Thinking Ability in Elementary School: Systematic Search
Authors: Amalia Sholihati , Wuryandani Wuri
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
The purpose of this article is to examine the use of socio-cultural based learning modules for developing critical thinking skills in elementary school children.

Methods:
This article is a systematic review that collects data from relevant indexed journals.

Results:
The findings are discussed in theoretical studies so as to produce conclusions. Well-structured socio-cultural modules can provide many benefits for students, namely for students who are actively involved in learning activities, and they can also attract students’ to be involved in learning activities.

Conclusions:
The application of socio-cultural learning helps students in learn about their own culture, which can develop students’ character. These findings provide input for future research needed to develop socio-cultural based learning modules for the critical thinking needs of elementary school children.
Formal concept analysis for amino acids classification and visualization
Authors: Telcian Adrian-Sorin , Cristea Daniela-Maria , Sima Ioan
Published: August 2020

Formal concept analysis (FCA) is a method based on lattice theory, widely used for data visualization, data analysis and knowledge discovery. Amino acids (AAs) are chemical molecules that constitute the proteins. In this paper is presented a new and easy way of visualizing of the structure and properties of AAs. In addition, we performed a new Hydrophobic-Polar classification of AAs using FCA. For this, the 20 proteinogenic AAs were clustered, classified by hydrophobicity and visualized in Hasse-diagrams. Exploring and processing the dataset was done with Elba and ToscanaJ, some FCA tools and Conceptual Information System (CIS).
Word pattern prediction using Big Data frameworks
Authors: Szabari Bence , Kiss Attila
Published: August 2020

Using software applications or services, which provide word or even word pattern recommendation service has become part of our lives. Those services appear in many form in our daily basis, just think of our smartphones keyboard, or Google search suggestions and this list can be continued. With the help of these tools, we can not only find the suitable word that fits into our sentence, but we can also express ourselves in a much more nuanced, diverse way. To achieve this kind of recommendation service, we use an algorithm which is capable to recommend word by word pattern queries. Word pattern queries, can be expressed as a combination of words, part-of-speech (POS) tags and wild card words. Since there are a lot of possible patterns and sentences, we use Big Data frameworks to handle this large amount of data. In this paper, we compared two popular framework Hadoop and Spark with the proposed algorithm and recommend some enhancement to gain faster word pattern generation.
Metric and upper dimension of zero divisor graphs associated to commutative rings
Authors: Pirzada S. , Aijaz M.
Published: August 2020

Let R be a commutative ring with Z*(R) as the set of non-zero zero divisors. The zero divisor graph of R, denoted by Γ(R), is the graph whose vertex set is Z*(R), where two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy = 0. In this paper, we investigate the metric dimension dim(Γ(R)) and upper dimension dim+(Γ(R)) of zero divisor graphs of commutative rings. For zero divisor graphs Γ(R) associated to finite commutative rings R with unity 1 ≠ 0, we conjecture that dim+(Γ(R)) = dim(Γ(R)), with one exception that

R
≅
Π

𝕑

2
n

{\rm{R}} \cong \Pi {\rm\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\rm{n}}

, n ≥ 4. We prove that this conjecture is true for several classes of rings. We also provide combinatorial formulae for computing the metric and upper dimension of zero divisor graphs of certain classes of commutative rings besides giving bounds for the upper dimension of zero divisor graphs of rings.
On weak (σ, δ)-rigid rings over Noetherian rings
Authors: Bhat Vijay Kumar , Singh Pradeep , Sharma Sunny
Published: August 2020

Let R be a Noetherian integral domain which is also an algebra over ℚ (ℚ is the field of rational numbers). Let σ be an endo-morphism of R and δ a σ-derivation of R. We recall that a ring R is a weak (σ, δ)-rigid ring if a(σ(a)+ δ(a)) ∈ N(R) if and only if a ∈ N(R) for a ∈ R (N(R) is the set of nilpotent elements of R). With this we prove that if R is a Noetherian integral domain which is also an algebra over ℚ, σ an automorphism of R and δ a σ-derivation of R such that R is a weak (σ, δ)-rigid ring, then N(R) is completely semiprime.
Direct and converse theorems for King operators
Authors: Finta Zoltán
Published: August 2020

For the sequence of King operators, we establish a direct approximation theorem via the first order Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness, and a converse approximation theorem of Berens-Lorentz-type.
Orthodontic management of patients with congenitally missing permanent teeth
Authors: Chatzistavrou Evangelia , Kolokitha Olga-Elpis , Lazaridis Konstantinos
Published: August 2020

Dental agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies in humans. It occurs as part of a genetic syndrome or as an isolated sporadic or familial finding. Third molars, second mandibular premolars and maxillary lateral incisors are the most frequently targeted teeth of the permanent dentition. Clinically, patients with congenitally missing permanent teeth seeking treatment present with unesthetic diastemas, midline deviation and tilting of adjacent teeth in the edentulous areas. The impact of tooth agenesis reflects on esthetics, function, psychological and social well-being of the individuals affected. Orthodontics can contribute to the treatment plan selected by rearranging the present teeth so as to open spaces for prosthetic restorations or close spaces by reshaping teeth if needed. Following orthodontic space opening/maintaining, the usual alternatives involve single implants, two-(cantilever) or full coverage(cantilever) prostheses. Less frequently, the treatment modality of autotransplantation is proposed with a good esthetic result but feasible only in young patients where the roots of the premolars are still developing. In orthodontic space closure, treatment is accomplished sooner without waiting for the completion of growth of the patient. Depending on various factors such as the malocclusion, the dento-skeletal profile, the smile line, the space requirements, the teeth missing, the periodontal issues, the age of the patient and any financial issues, the clinician will determine the most appropriate treatment approach. The final esthetic and functional result should resemble an intact natural dentition.
Is there any association between manganese level and schizophrenia? - a descriptive review
Authors: Juchnowicz Dariusz , Karakuła Kaja Hanna , Sitarz Elżbieta , Forma Alicja , Padała Olga , Ryczkowski Aleksander Janusz
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Manganese has a role in the membrane transport systems, synthesis of protein, vitamin C, and vitamins B, catalysis of hematopoiesis, regulation of the endocrine, immune system, blood sugar, reproduction, digestion, and blood coagulation. Furthermore, the level of manganese concentrations in human body appears to affect the occurrence of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to search for relationships between the manganese level and the onset of schizophrenia.

Material and methods: A descriptive review was performed based on a literature search on Medline and Google scholar from 2003 to 2020, using keywords: schizophrenia, manganese, Mn. The included studies were meta-analyses, case-control studies, and cohort studies that examined differences in manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Result: Eight studies were selected for the review, with one reporting elevated levels of manganese, two showing no significant differences, and the rest including two meta-analyses stating lower manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with controls.

Conclusion: In most of the researched studies, manganese concentrations in patients with schizophrenia were lower than in control groups, but not all of them reached the same conclusions. The relationship between manganese levels and schizophrenia must be further investigated.
Is Environmental Racism Truly Racist?
Authors: Čechmánek Kristián
Published: August 2020

The paper aims to critically analyse the theory of environmental racism as a part of the concept of environmental justice in order to point out possible overuse of the term racism. Through theoretical analysis, the author tries to prove that labelling any negative impacts of the environmental burden on racial or ethnic minorities with racism is an unnecessary overwork which moreover might be, according to available data, inconsistent with reality.
Legal Instruments to Support Local Food Systems in Italian Law
Authors: Kapała Anna
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the discussion is an attempt to determine in what forms, which meet the criteria of local food systems (LFS), it is possible under Italian law to sell agri-food products by the farmer who is their producer. These forms imply a direct sale, or with the participation of at most one intermediary, to the final consumer, in close geographical distance between the place of production and sale. The analysis showed that Italian legislator, national and regional, provides for many instruments that are crucial in creating LFS, such as direct sales of agri-food products, farmers’ markets reserved only for the local farmers; the sale of meals consisting of the farmer’s products at the agritourism; wine routes; regional designation “products from zero kilometres”, emphasizing the geographical proximity between the place of manufacture and the place of sale; as well as a support for the social initiatives such as Solidarity Purchasing Groups.
Agri-Food Chain – Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Schwarcz Pavol , Floriš Norbert , Schwarczová Loreta
Published: August 2020

Agri–food sector is one of the biggest and most supported economic sectors in the EU. It is a key sector for sustainable economic development and food safety and security. The EU Common Agricultural Policy (hereinafter CAP) is its backbone – it helps farmers with income support and market measures on the one hand and, on the other hand, it ensures sustainable rural development in individual EU countries. Despite of the huge support agricultural sectors in Member States are facing serious problems – in Slovakia it is especially the low level of domestic agricultural production, low quality of food products, high unemployment rate especially among young people, ageing of population and abandonment of rural areas. Looking for solutions for these problems mentioned there is a great challenge for relevant public authorities and for the academic sector, as well. Based on these facts the initiative to submit a project proposal has arisen within the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence – which would respond on challenges in this field. The project (Centre of Excellence for European Agri-Food Chain – CEEAG 611446-EPP-1-2019-1-SK-EPPJMO-CoE) has been granted and its main focus will start from important and irreplaceable role of agriculture and food industry in national economies of (not only) Member States via ensuring their food security under conditions given by the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) – one of the most supported policies in the EU.
Probiotic bacteria can modulate murine macrophage’s superoxide production in Trichinella spiralis infection
Authors: Vargová M. , Hurníková Z. , Revajová V. , Lauková A. , Dvorožňáková E.
Published: August 2020

The effect of probiotic strains (Enterococcus faecium EF55, E. faecium CCM7420, E. faecium CCM8558, E. durans ED26E/7, Lactobacillus fermentum CCM7421, L. plantarum 17L/1) on the production of superoxide anion (O2
-) in peritoneal macrophages of Trichinella spiralis infected mice was examined. E. faecium EF55 and E. faecium CCM8558 strains increased the O2
-production prior to parasitic infection,at the day7of application.A significant inhibition of the O2
- production caused by T. spiralis infection on day 5 post infection (p.i.) was prevented by all examined strains. Lactobacilli stimulated metabolic activity of macrophages during intestinal and early muscular phase (from day 5 to 25 p.i.) of trichinellosis. Enterococci increased the O2
- production in early intestinal phase (day 5 p.i.) and during the muscular phase of trichinellosis (days 25 and 32 p.i.). Respected increase in macrophage’s metabolic activity induced by probiotic treatment in the intestinal phase of trichinellosis augmented the host antiparasite defence (damage and killing of newborn larvae with reactive oxygen species from macrophages).
A comparative study of different immunoassays to detect specific antibodies to Echinococcus spp. in human sera
Authors: Fecková M. , Antolová D. , Reiterová K.
Published: August 2020

Human echinococcosis, one of the most serious of parasitic zoonoses, is caused by the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. The study aimed to assess the reliability of the detection of specific antibodies to E. multilocularis and E. granulosus s.l. in human sera and to compare their diagnostic potential for their utilization in the practice. In the study, the somatic antigen of E. multilocularis (AgEm), antigen B (AgB), and the hydatid fluid antigen of E. granulosus and two commercial ELISA kits – Echinococcus granulosus (Bordier Affinity Products, Crissier, Switzerland) and NovaLisaTM
Echinococcus IgG (NovaTec Immunodiagnostica, Germany) – were compared. Sera of patients with alveolar and cystic echinococcosis, and with different parasitic/other infections were used to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and cross-reactivity of in-house and commercial ELISA methods. AgEm presented the highest values regarding the diagnostic indicators, showing 100 % specificity and 90.0 % sensitivity. The tests for serological diagnostics of cystic echinococcosis were less sensitive and specific. The Echinococcus granulosus kit had 83.8 % specificity and 88.2 % sensitivity, while AgB and AgHF showed 85.0 % and 86.3 % specificity, and 76.5 % and 100 % sensitivity, respectively. NovaLisaTM
Echinococcus IgG proved to have 95.7 % specificity and 77.8 % sensitivity. The results point out that the combination of different serological tests and approaches in accordance with clinical and imaging findings is still essential to prove the correct diagnosis in suspected patients.
Description of the egg and larva of Raillietiella mottae (Pentastomida: Raillietiellidae)
Authors: Do Nascimento J. M. , De Araújo-Filho J. A. , Sampaio N. K. S. , Brito S. V. , Almeida W. O.
Published: August 2020

In the current study, the structural characteristics of the egg and larva of the pentastomid Raillietiella mottae (Almeida, Freire, & Lopes 2008), are described and compared with those of other pentastomids. The eggs and larvae were obtained from lizards Phyllopezus periosus (Rodrigues 1986) and Phyllopezus pollicaris (Spix 1825) which were collected in the environmental protection area of Cachoeira de Missão Velha, Ceará state, northeastern Brazil (7° 13’ S; 39° 08’ W). Following collection, the specimens were transported to the Laboratorio de Zoologia (LZ-URCA) and deposited in terrariums to obtain the feces, which were collected and analyzed for the presence of pentastomid eggs. The eggs found were typical of the genus Raillietiella, differing from those of other genera due to the lack of an outer fl exible membrane. The larva had two pairs of limbs, each with a pair of terminal hooks. The limbs were unsegmented, ventrally curved, and supported by conical muscle structures with visible segmentation. The tail was bifurcate, and each section had a terminal bristle. Information on egg and larval morphology can be useful in the identification of genera and species. The current study provides a description of the eggs and embryos of a Pentastomida species from the Neotropical Region.
The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among Kosovar and Serbian school-children in Kosovo
Authors: Korzeniewski K. , Lass A. , Augustynowicz A. , Konior M.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of species of intestinal parasites in the Balkans on the example of Kosovar and Serbian residents from the region of Gnjilane ineastern Kosovo,where the epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infections remains unknown. Parasitological examination of stools pecimens was performed in 2017 and 2018. Stool samples were collected from asymptomatic school-children aged 6–17 years: 530 Kosovars from the municipality of Kaçanik and310 Serbs from the municipalities of Kamenica and Strpce. Each patient provided two stool samples collected every second day,fixed in SAF preservative and 70 % spiritus vini, transported to the Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Medicine at the Military Institute of Medicine in Poland,and tested by light microscopy using three diagnostic methods: directs mearin Lugol’s solution,decantation in distilled water, and Fülleborn’s flotation. A total of 101 Kosovar children (19.1 % of the study group)were found to be infected with intestinal parasites: nematodes (n=20), cestodes (n=2), trematodes (n=2), and protozoa (n=79). Only 13 Serbian children (4.2 %) were found to beinfected with nematodes (n=4),cestodes (n=3),and protozoa (n=6). Giardia intestinalis was themost prevalent intestinal parasite in both groups (14,9 % vs. 1.9 % children). The prevalence ofasymptomatic parasitic infections was significantly higher in Kosovars in comparison to the Serbsliving in the same region of eastern Kosovo. This fact shows that there may be significant differencesin the quality of health care and sanitation as well as feed hygiene between these two communities.
A revised checklist of Cooperia nematodes (Trichostrogyloidea), common parasites of wild and domestic ruminants
Authors: Albrechtová M. , Langrová I. , Vadlejch J. , Špakulová M.
Published: August 2020

This review updates the current knowledge on the taxonomy of intestinal nematodes of the genus Cooperia parasitizing in wild and domestic ruminants. The emphasis is put on revision of 19 valid species belonging to the genus. This analysis focuses on main features of the genus Cooperia, including its geographic occurrence and the life cycle details. The most widespread congeners are Cooperia curticei, C. oncophora, C. pectinata, and C. punctata, having nearly worldwide distribution. The fifth species, referred by electronic databases from the European territory as Cooperia asamatiSpiridonov, 1985, is unveiled here originally as nomen nudum.
Baylisascaris potosis larvae in mice of different strains and infectivity of tissue larvae
Authors: Taira K. , Takechi M. , Ooi H. K.
Published: August 2020

Migration of Baylisascaris potosis larvae in different mouse strains were compared, and infectivity of the persisting larvae in mice tissues were investigated. Five strains of mice, BALB/c, C57BL/6, AKR, B10.BR, and ICR were inoculated with 1,000 B. potosis eggs/mouse, and necropsied at week 13 post inoculation (PI). The other uninfected ICR mice (secondary host) were inoculated with 43 larvae/ mouse recovered from mice at week 13 PI with eggs, and necropsied at day 21 PI. Larvae in organs or tissues were counted at necropsy. One AKR mouse showed torticollis and circling at day 56 PI. At necropsy at week 13 PI, larvae were recovered from all mice. A mean total larvae recovered were 124.1 (n=40). Majority of larvae were found in the carcass (mean 113.9) and some in the viscera (mean 9.9). Zero to 1 larva were found in the brain or eyes of some mice. There were no differences among the mouse strains in the number of larvae, except in the viscera; more larvae were seen in BALB/c or ICR than in B10.BR mice. No larvae were found in the secondary host mice. Present study demonstrated that B. potosis larvae migrate well in the carcass of any strains of mice, however, the tissue larvae did not infect the secondary host. Results of our present study suggest that B. potosis larvae is less aggressive for the nervous tissue migration than that of B. procyonis larvae which is commonly known to migrate in central nervous system of mammals and birds.
Do Leadership Style and Organizational Communication Increase to Organizational Commitment? Study Among Hospital Staff
Authors: Widyanti Rahmi , Basuki  , Susiladewi
Published: August 2020

General problems who experienced by some large hospitals in Indonesia weakness caused by factors other than internal (internal weakness), especially of facilities and human resources who is still relatively less and still the weak competitiveness of organization (low competitive advantage) and combined with the terrier such as qualities and support of leadership. The weak in the field of organizational communication on hospital in anticipation regional and international free market competition. The gap medical staff functional (MSF), between in government hospital and private hospital has resulted in the role of an assignment with the condition a very complicated. Specialized doctors tend to be part time in government hospital, place official work. The problems need to examined the more distant is how to create commitment staff functional medical and so far, of needed harmonious relations. Organizational communication to create cooperation and a good relationship and pattern leadership in managing the hospital to medical staff functional and non-medical is a thing also become the adhesive for the hospital system that could increase commitment. This study aims to assess empirical pertaining to with a variable in leadership styles and organizational communication impact they may have on organizational commitment of MSF. A method of survey was used in this study, while the kind of research is considered to be explanatory research. Such data was gathered through 43 MSF and analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS). This research result show that variable of leadership styles could to increase an organizational communication. Leadership styles significant and could influence on organizational commitment, and organizational communication the influence on organizational commitment as significant.
Reflection on Personal Development, Facts and Rules to be Applied in the Management of Companies
Authors: Vasciuc Cristina Gabriela
Published: August 2020

The employees’ personal development is essential in the current management. The companies that perform have several competent managers and they manage to evolve and retain the talents, rewarding the services. By implementing a careful personal development strategy, they have a real competitive advantage, becoming a priority for companies. This helps their employees to establish a better relationship with themselves and others, a sign of personal and professional evolution. The personal development ensures the employees’ well-being, so that they increase their productivity. Personal development practices must integrate each branch of a company, from production to management, personal development now being part of managers’ tools, its purpose being to help managers get to know each other better and to control their interactions with others, pushing employees to respect the expected behavior of the organization. Thus, personal development becomes indispensable to the nowadays’ management, being advantageous for the company, because, not only does it improve communication within the company, but it also has an impact on its performance and productivity.
Analysis of Effects of Service Quality and Loyalty on Interest Rates of Basketball Athletes in Sahabat Basketball Club Yogyakarta
Authors: Putro Kukuh Hardopo , Siswantoyo  , Aman Mohd Salleh
Published: August 2020

In business, especially basketball experience an increased very rapidly, both in terms of quality and quantity in Yogyakarta. Customer as the facilities and services the user pays the cost, much influenced by several internal and external factors. These factors have a major influence on the process of the customer to pay a fee to join and dues in Basketball Clubs. This type of research is descriptive with mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, population in this study is the Athlete Club Basketball “Sahabat” of Yogyakarta, with the number of 20 people, the study sample was determined by random sampling. The technique of collecting data using questionnaires. SPSS.21 using data analysis techniques. While looking at the level of loyalty of respondents to the basketball club Yogyakarta “Sahabat”, 13 of 20 respondents said well (65%) and 7 respondents (35%) had middle loyalty. So from this study showed that customer trust is strongly influenced by the good facilities, appropriate tariffs, staff were nice, the service was very good, and therefore in this study obtained very significant results to customer satisfaction or athletes in the Club Basketball “Sahabat” of Yogyakarta.
Labor exports from Palestine to Israel: a boon or bane for the West Bank economy?
Authors: Agbahey Johanes , Siddig Khalid , Grethe Harald , McDonald Scott
Published: August 2020

This article analyzes the effects on the West Bank economy of temporary Palestinian employment in Israel, using a new database and a computable general equilibrium model. The results show that Palestinian employment in Israel increases household incomes but distorts the operation of the West Bank labor market and increases domestic wages. Employment in Israel increases the real exchange rate of the West Bank leading to “Dutch disease” effects that inhibit the development of the West Bank economy. A decrease in the number of Palestinian workers in Israel reduces household welfare, and constraints on the West Bank economy restrict domestic absorption of the extra labor. Hence, the Palestinian National Authority may seek more labor exports to Israel. This article contributes to the broader discussion on the effects of migration policies on labor-sending economies by demonstrating the nontrivial benefits from labor migrations, but that these benefits come with costs. This article explores policy options for offsetting those costs.
Financial Structure and Stability: An Empirical Exploration
Authors: Singh Shikha , Sarma Mandira
Published: August 2020

This paper attempts to investigate empirically whether financial and macroeconomic stability of economies are significantly affected by the structure of their financial systems, viz., bank-based and market-based structures. Using panel data estimations based on data from 82 countries for the period of 1996-2012, we find that in general, bank-based financial system contributes significantly to instability of the financial sectors and currency market. We also find some evidence that within the bank-based structure, higher presence of foreign banks is positively associated with currency market pressure. Additionally, the results show that the choice of bank-based versus market-based financial structure is important for low income countries. Banks in low income countries contribute to exchange market pressures whereas stock markets leads to reduction in such pressure. In high income countries, stock markets do not significantly affect banking and currency market instability.
Early Warning System for Government Debt Crisis in Developing Countries
Authors: Wijayanti Rani , Rachmanira Sagita
Published: August 2020

This study develops an early warning signal (EWS) of government debt crisis using a panel data consisting of 43 developing countries over the period of 1960 to 2017. It employs two different methods: the noise to signal ratio to capture the signaling power of individual indicators; and the binomial logistic regression to construct a more general model. The binomial logistic regression offers a better predictive power relative to the noise to signal ratio. The binomial logistic regression can predict 61.5% of the government debt crisis 2 years in advance. An increase in inflation, government and private debt exposures, external debt to exports, ratio of short-term external debt to foreign exchange reserves, and the ratio of external interest payments to gross national income can signal an upcoming debt crisis. Similarly, a continuous decline in the gross domestic product (GDP) and government consumption also increase the likelihood of government debt crisis.
Cashless Payments and Economic Growth: Evidence from Selected OECD Countries
Authors: Wong Teck-Lee , Lau Wee-Yeap , Yip Tien-Ming
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the relationship between cashless payments and economic growth in selected OECD countries. Using annual data from 2007 to 2016, our results indicate that: Firstly, cashless payment stimulates economic growth in OECD countries. Specifically, the growth-enhancing effect is found in debit card payment while credit card, e-money and cheque payment have no impact on economic growth; Secondly, the positive relationship between economic growth and debit card payment is robust after controlling for the effect of endogeneity, omitted variable bias and outliers. Based on the findings, this study offers some imperative policy recommendations.
Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Multi-chamber Intracardiac Thrombosis During Liver Transplantation: A Case Series
Authors: Wang Jocelyn Y. , Burkhard Mackensen G. , Vitin Alexander , Martay Kenneth
Published: August 2020

Intra-cardiac thrombosis is one of the most devastating complications during liver transplantation. In the majority of cases, ICT, followed by massive pulmonary embolism, is commonly occurring shortly after liver graft reperfusion, but it has been reported to occur at any stage of the surgery. We present a series of 3 cases of intra-cardiac thrombosis during orthotopic liver transplantation surgery, including a case of four-chamber intra-cardiac clot formation during the pre-anhepatic stage. This article represents a single-centre 14 year-long experience. Intra-operative TEE is the gold standard to diagnose intra-cardiac thrombosis, monitoring its size, location and dynamics, as well as myocardial performance and the effects of resuscitation efforts.