bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Komparasi model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan pembelajaran berbasis proyek terhadap berpikir kritis siswa
Authors: Ayattillah Rahma Alima , Utomo Dwiyono Hari , Irawan Listyo Yudha
Published: July 2022

This research aims to compete or to knowing the differences from the Problem Based Learning learning and the Project Based Learning learning to critical thinking. This research included in "quasy experiment" conducted online learning at SMAN 1 Gondanglegi. Using two research classes, experiment class 1 with Problem Based Learning model and experiment class 2 with Project Based Learning model and use subjective test (esay) with one post test only to measure critical thinking skills after being treated learning model. After getting results from the experimental class, normality and homogeneity tests will be conducted and hypothesis tests using the T test. The results obtained from the instruments tested are valid and reliable. The results obtained from the Normality, Homogeneity and T tests are obtained that normal, homogeneous and there are differences. In the T Test it was found the sig (2-tailed) value of 0.001<a H0 was rejected meaning there was a difference in critical thinking skills from the Problem Based Learning and Project Based Learning. It’s was obtained from differences in these two learning models. The difference obtained when learning occurs in the classroom. There or not of critical thinking indicators can be seen from learning activities.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan atau mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan berpikir kritis antara model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek. Rancangan penelitian masuk ke dalam "quasy experiment" yang dilakukan secara daring (online) di SMAN 1 Gondanglegi. Menggunakan dua kelas penelitian yakni kelas eksperimen 1 (model pembelajaran berbasis  masalah) dan kelas eksperimen 2 (model pembelajaran berbasis proyek) dan menggunakan tes subjektif (esay) one post test only dalam mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis sesudah diberi model pembelajaran. Setelah didapatkan hasil dari kelas eksperimen maka akan diuji prasyarat serta uji hipotesis menggunakan Uji T. Hasil didapatkan dari instrumen yang diuji cobakan adalah valid dan reliabel. Hasil yang didapatkan dari Uji Prasyarat dan Uji T didapatkan hasil bahwa normal, homogen dan terdapat perbedaan. Hasil Uji T menunjukkan bahwa nilai sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,001<a, H0 ditolak artinya terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis antara pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan pembelajaran berbasis proyek. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya perbedaan pada kedua model pembelajaran ini. Letak perbedaannya terdapat pada saat terjadinya pembelajaran di kelas. Terdapat atau tidak nya indikator berpikir kritis dilihat dari kegiatan pembelajaran.
Pengembangan virtual field trips berbasis Geospatial Technology: Peningkatan kompetensi TPACK guru melalui GeoEdu Workshop
Authors: Putra Alfyananda Kurnia , Sumarmi Sumarmi , Handoyo Budi , Purwanto Purwanto , Islam Muhamad Naufal
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges in the teaching-learning process. Teacher competencies and skills need to be applied to learning in optimizing learning, one of which is through the actualization of Technological, Pedagogical, Content Knowledge (TPACK). However, teachers experience problems in implementing TPACK with the emergence of negative perceptions of technology integration, and Geography teachers are no exception. Geography teachers are constrained in integrating learning technology. The characteristics of the material with pedagogical practices, effective content management, and the integration of complex technology are obstacles for Geography teachers. This service aims to improve the knowledge and skills of Geography teachers towards increasing TPACK in learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of this service is Geography teacher with a total of 86 people. The method in this service uses socialization and training which includes lecture, discussion and question and answer activities with three stages, including (1) the Preparation Phase, (2) the Implementation Phase, and (3) the Evaluation and Follow-up Phase. The results of the service show that Geography teachers have succeeded in increasing TPACK competencies, through pedagogical practices, effective content management, and good integration of complex technology.

Pandemi COVID-19 memberikan tantangan dalam proses belajar-mengajar. Kompetensi dan keterampilan guru perlu diterapkan pada pembelajaran dalam optimalisasi pembelajaran, salah satunya melalui aktualisasi Technological, Pedagogical, Content Knowledge (TPACK). Namun, guru mengalami kendala implementasi TPACK dengan munculnya persepsi negatif terhadap integrasi teknologi, tak terkecuali guru Geografi. Guru Geografi terkendala dalam integrasi teknologi pembelajaran. Karakteristik materi dengan praktik pedagogi, manajemen konten efektif, serta integrasi teknologi kompleks menjadi kendala guru Geografi. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru Geografi terhadap peningkatan TPACK dalam pembelajaran masa pandemi COVID-19. Subjek pengabdian ini guru Geografi dengan jumlah 86 orang. Metode dalam pengabdian ini menggunakan sosialisasi dan pelatihan yang meliputi kegiatan ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab dengan tiga tahapan, meliputi (1) Tahap Persiapan, (2) Tahap Pelaksanaan, dan (3) Tahap Evaluasi dan Tindak Lanjut. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa guru Geografi telah berhasil dalam meningkatkan kompetensi TPACK, melalui praktik pedagogi, manajemen konten efektif, serta integrasi teknologi kompleks yang baik.
Upacara Jamasan Pusakan Kanjeng Kyai Upas di Tulungagung dalam perspektif Islam
Authors: Musyaffa Fastrana Arya Syah , Ayundasari Lutfiah
Published: July 2022

Culture is a thing related to human mind and mind. In anthropological studies, culture is considered to be an abbreviation of culture so there is no difference based on its definition. Culture is a way of life that is formed from many complex elements (religion, politics, customs, language, art, etc.) and develops in a group of people or society. Culture is often considered a legacy from generation to generation and an integral part of human beings so many people tend to consider it genetically inherited. The term culture comes from the basic word culture so that it has a connection of meaning. While Islamic culture is a concept of a culture with the entry of elements smelling of Islam. But many people are mistaken in placing a culture with Islam, so there are various public opinions that can bring down a certain culture. In writing this article, will discuss how the form of local cultural acculturation Jamasan Pusaka Kanjeng Kyai Upas with Islamic culture.

Kebudayaan dan budaya merupakan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan budi dan akal manusia. Dalam kajian Antropologi, budaya dianggap merupakan singkatan dari kebudayaan sehingga tidak ada perbedaan berdasarkan definisinya. Budaya merupakan suatu cara hidup yang terbentuk dari banyak unsur yang rumit (agama, politik, adat istiadat, bahasa, seni, dll) dan berkembang pada sebuah kelompok orang atau masyarakat. Budaya sering kali dianggap warisan dari generasi ke generasi dan bagian tak terpisahkan dari diri manusia sehingga banyak orang cenderung menganggapnya diwariskan secara genetis. Istilah kebudayaan berasal dari kata dasar budaya sehingga memiliki keterkaitan makna. Sedangkan kebudayaan Islam merupakan suatu konsep suatu budaya dengan masuknya unsur-unsur berbau Islam. Namun banyak masyarakat yang keliru dalam menempatkan sebuah budaya dengan Islam, sehingga muncul berbagai opini-opini masyarakat yang dapat menjatuhkan budaya tertentu. Dalam penulisan artikel ini, akan membahas bagaimana bentuk akulturasi budaya lokal Jamasan Pusaka Kanjeng Kyai Upas dengan kebudayaan Islam.
Islam dalam hegemoni Majapahit: Interaksi Majapahit dengan Islam abad ke-13 sampai 15 Masehi
Authors: Janah Isna Roikhatul , Ayundasari Lutfiah
Published: July 2022

Islam has existed in Indonesia since the time of traditional kingdoms, and the emergence of Islam on the Java island and growing very rapidly occurred at the end of the Hindu Buddhist era, exactly the Majapahit era. We can see the proof of this with the discovery of the ancient Troloyo Islamic Tomb complex in Mojokerto, which is close to the location of the capital city of Majapahit.. The freedom in Majapahit government system caused Islamization well progressed and increased the moslem population, even more in the coast. This cannot be separated from the services of the preachers, especially Syekh Jumadil Kubro and Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Furthermore, one of the queen was a princess came from Campa. Then born a prince from a chineses queen in Majapahit, and he came back to Majapahit to take his throne and change Majapahit to Islamic kingdom by build a kingdom named Kesultanan Demak.

Islam sudah ada di Indonesia sejak zaman kerajaan tradisional, dan munculnya Islam di Pulau Jawa serta berkembang sangat pesat terjadi saat akhir zaman Hindu Buddha yaitu zaman Majapahit. Buktinya dapat kita lihat dengan penemuan kompleks Makam Islam kuno Troloyo di Mojokerto, berdekatan dengan lokasi ibukota Majapahit. Bebasnya sistem pemerintahan di Majapahit menyebabkan Islamisasi berjalan lancar dan masyarakat muslim terus bertambah, terutama di daerah pesisir. Ini tidak lepas dari jasa para pendakwah, terutama Syekh Jumadil Kubro dan Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Selain itu juga istri salah satu raja Majapahit adalah seorang putri dari Negeri Campa. Kemudian lahir Raden Patah dari seorang istri raja yang merupakan seorang Putri Cina, dan ia kembali ke Majapahit demi menuntut takhta dan mengubah Majapahit menjadi kerajaan Islam dengan mendirikan Kesultanan Demak.
Penanganan konseling siswa selama pandemi COVID-19 di SMA Negeri 8 Malang
Authors: Asrori Muhammad Irfan , Hadi Nur , Purwasih Joan Hesti Gita
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana permasalahan yang timbul pada pembelajaran online selama masa pandemi COVID-19 di SMA Negeri 8 Malang dan peran Bimbingan Konseling (BK) dalam menangani permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan reduksi data dan disajikan dalam bentuk matriks. Narasumber penelitian ini dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa permasalahan pembelajaran dikategorikan menjadi dua yaitu permasalahan yang dialami Guru dan permasalahan yang dialami Siswa oleh karena itu, BK melakukan penanganan terhadap permasalahan tersebut yang dilakukan secara bertahap yaitu analisis masalah, penanganan lebih lanjut dan pemberian tindakan preventif.
Pengaruh alih fungsi lahan terhadap resiko longsor di Desa Ngadirejo
Authors: Firdaus Mohammad Adam , Wicaksana Mohammad Adhi , Hilmi Mufid Zahir , Syafatullah Muhammad Dimas Aqshal , Romaita Nafila Ratna , Kristianti Queentasya Vanti Dian , Soekamto Hadi , Putra Alfyananda Kurnia
Published: July 2022

Ngadirejo Village is a village located in the highland area that is located at the foot of Mount Bromo. This area is also oriented to the protected forest of the Foot of Mount Bromo.But in recent years the forest area of Ngadirejo Village has been turned into fields and agricultural land due to land function switching activities carried out by the community with the aim of economic benefits. This land function transition activity has an influence for Ngadirejo Village which is a slope area from the foot of the mountain. One of them is the potential for landslides that can occur. This research serves to explain about the influence of land function transition activities on landslide potential in Ngadirejo Village.This study uses qualitative descriptive method which is a research method described in descriptive form. As well as in data collection techniques using literature studies and field observations. From the results of the study, it can be known that the production forest area in Ngadirejo Village began to switch functions as agricultural fields. Then because the soil condition of Ngadirejo Village is easily eroded and located on a steep slope, then in general Ngadirejo Village has the potential of landslides that are in the medium to high category.

Desa Ngadirejo merupakan sebuah desa yang terletak di wilayah dataran tinggi yaitu terletak pada kaki Gunung Bromo. Wilayah ini juga berorientasi dengan hutan lindung dari Kaki Gunung Bromo.Namun beberapa tahun terakhir ini wilayah hutan dari Desa Ngadirejo telah berubah menjadi ladang dan lahan pertanian dikarenakan aktivitas peralihan fungsi lahan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dengan tujuan keuntungan ekonomi.Aktivitas peralihan fungsi lahan ini menimbulkan pengaruh bagi Desa Ngadirejo yang merupakan wilayah lereng dari kaki gunung.Salah satunya adalah potensi tanah longsor yang bisa terjadi.Penelitian ini berfungsi menjelaskan tentang pengaruh aktivitas peralihan fungsi lahan terhadap potensi longsor di Desa Ngadirejo.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yaitu sebuah metode penelitian yang dijabarkan dalam bentuk deskriptif. Serta dalam teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kajian literatur serta observasi lapangan. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa wilayah hutan produksi yang ada di Desa Ngadirejo mulai beralih fungsi sebagai ladang pertanian. Kemudian dikarenakan kondisi tanah Desa Ngadirejo yang mudah tererosi serta berada di lereng yang terjal, maka secara umum Desa Ngadirejo memiliki potensi longsor yang berada pada kategori sedang hingga tinggi.
Penggunaan Tembang Macapat dalam penyebaran Islam di Jawa
Authors: Ramadhanti Fadhilla Ainuraziza , Ayundasari Lutfiah
Published: July 2022

Islam is developing in Java Island very fast. This was assisted by the presence of walisongo who spread Islam throughout Java to outside Java. Many saints use art as a medium of preaching. One of the media used to spread Islam at that time was by using the macapat song. Macapat songs, which are praise to God, convey teachings about Islam, as well as an invitation to a better life. Therefore in this article the author aims to: 1) explain about the macapat song, 2) explain the various macapat songs and their reasons, 3) explain how the macapat song is used in the spread of Islam in Java.

Islam berkembang di Pulau Jawa dengan sangat cepat. Hal ini dibantu dengan adanya para walisongo yang menyebarkan Islam ke seluruh penjuru Jawa hingga luar Jawa. Banyak para wali yang menggunakan kesenian sebagai media dakwahnya. Salah satu media yang digunakan untuk menyebarkan Islam saat itu ialah dengan menggunakan tembang macapat. Tembang macapat yang merupakan pujian kepada Tuhan, menyampaikan ajaran-ajaran tentang Islam, serta ajakan untuk ke kehidupan yang lebih baik. Oleh karenya dalam artikel ini penulis bertujua untuk: 1) menjelaskan tentang tembang macapat, 2) menjelaskan macam-macam tembang macapat beserta makanya, 3) menjelaskan bagimana tembang macapat digunakan dalam penyebaran Islam di Jawa.
Perang Badar: Runtuhnya hegemoni Mekkah dengan berdirinya Madinah sebagai pusat peradaban Islam tahun 624 M
Authors: Ganjar Rahmad , Ayundasari Lutfiah
Published: July 2022

Writing this article aims to describe the badar war which is an important axis for Muslims in the process of developing their civilization. The hegemony of Mecca has become a significant challenge for the spread of Islam during the Prophet's life. As for writing this article, using descriptive research methods, with the intention of being able to detail the events that occurred. Since Medina became an important part in the development of Islamic life initiated by the Prophet, it has further centralized the situation in order to face all challenges for the development of Islam. In addition, Medina was born in the Badr war, as a trigger for the course of the existing war. This was due to the dissatisfaction of the enemies of Islam in Mecca, namely the Quraish infidels over the growth and development of Islamic civilization there. So, efforts to overthrow Islamic civilization in Medina, then spurred them to block it through the road of war. However, the existing phase of war has undermined their dominance over the development of Islam itself. So that the victory of Muslims in the badr war further strengthened and strengthened Medina as the center of Islamic civilization, and marked the collapse of the hegemony of Mecca by the Quraish infidels.

Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perang badar yang menjadi poros penting bagi umat Islam dalam proses perkembangan peradabannya. Hegemoni Mekkah telah menjadi tantangan yang berarti bagi penyebaran Islam semasa hidup Nabi. Adapun dalam penulisan artikel ini, menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif, dengan maksud agar dapat merinci peristiwa yang terjadi. Sejak Madinah menjadi bagian penting dalam perkembangan kehidupan Islam yang digagas Nabi, lebih jauh telah menetralisir keadaan guna menghadapi segala tantangan bagi berkembangnya Islam. Selain itu Madinah dalam perang badar lahir, sebagai pemantik jalannya perang yang ada. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena adanya ketidakpuasan dari kalangan musuh Islam yang berada di Mekkah yakni kaum kafir Quraish atas tumbuh dan berkembangnya peradaban Islam di sana. Maka, upaya-upaya untuk meruntuhkan peradaban Islam di Madinah, kemudian memicu mereka untuk menghadangnya melalui jalan perang. Namun pada fase perang yang ada, telah meruntuhkan dominasi mereka terhadap perkembangan Islam sendiri. Sehingga kemenangan umat Islam pada perang badar semakin memperkuat dan memperkokoh Madinah sebagai pusat peradaban Islam, serta menandai runtuhnya hegemoni Mekkah oleh kaum kafir Quraisy.
Comparison of Morphometric Traits of Pecan Cultivars
Authors: MURADOĞLU Ferhad , BİNİCİ AKKUŞ Sibel , AKKUŞ Gökhan , BAŞAK İbrahim
Published: July 2022

Pecan is a major horticultural nut tree that originated in North America and, in Turkey, it is generally cultivated in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions. In this study, morphometric traits of twenty-one cultivars grown under equal ecological conditions in the Southeastern region of Turkey were determined. In addition, a multivariate analysis was performed on morphometric traits for determining suitable cultivars that show the best performance in these ecological conditions. The nut weight ranged from 3.66 g for ‘Cherokee’ to 10.35 g for the ‘Shoshoni’ cultivar. The ‘Choctaw’ had the highest kernel weight and kernel ratio ranging from 5.63 g to 58.60%. While the ‘Cherokee’ had the lowest ranging from 0.91 g to 22.84 g, respectively. A significant positive correlation between nut weight and kernel ratio was determined. The kernel weight was also highly correlated with nut weight and height. The use of clustering analysis according to Ward’s method allowed the establishment of relationships between pecan cultivars by separating them into four main clusters. Also, these results were supported by principal component analysis, and ‘Big Z’ and ‘Ideal’ cultivars were determined to be the closest cultivars. Results showed that there are quantitative differences regarding the genetic property of pecan cultivars and more than half of the examined cultivars showed a good performance in terms of nut quality criteria that are crucial in marketing. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis was effective in the differentiation of pecan cultivars and it has been evaluated that it can be used successfully in future studies.
Influence of Different Vermicompost Doses on Growth, Quality and Element Contents in Curly Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa)
Authors: KARADEMİR Serap , KİBAR Beyhan
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different vermicompost doses on plant growth, quality properties and element contents in curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa). The research was carried out in pots under plastic greenhouse conditions in Karabük province. In the study, 6 applications as 4 different doses of vermicompost (V), chemical fertilizer (CF) and control were examined. The applications were as follows: 1) Control (100% soil), 2) V1 (97.5% soil + 2.5% vermicompost, w/w), 3) V2 (95% soil + 5% vermicompost, w/w), 4) V3 (90% soil + 10% vermicompost, w/w), 5) V4 (80% soil + 20% vermicompost, w/w) and 6) CF (100% soil + chemical fertilizer). The experiment was established in completely randomized design with 3 replications. According to the research findings, vermicompost applications significantly increased plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, number of marketable leaves, chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron, copper, and zinc contents of the plant compared with the control. When compared to the control, V1 application increased plant fresh weight by 13.25% and phosphorus content by 44.07%; V2 application increased potassium content by 24.29%; V3 application increased plant height by 13.77%, chlorophyll content by 22.30% and nitrogen content by 53.23%; V4 application increased magnesium content by 48.46%, calcium content by 14.36% and zinc content by 16.19%. It was detected that vermicompost had positive effects on plant growth, quality properties and element contents in curly lettuce. As a result, vermicompost can be used successfully as an alternative organic fertilizer for sustainable agriculture in curly lettuce cultivation.
Bozcaada Çavuşu ve Mevcut Tozlayıcı Çeşitleri ile Bazı Muhtemel Tozlayıcı Çeşitlerin Polen Canlılık ve Çimlenme Oranlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Esra , DARDENİZ Alper
Published: July 2022

Bu araştırmada, Bozcaada Çavuşu ve mevcut tozlayıcı çeşitleri [‘Kuntra’ (‘Karasakız’) ve ‘Vasilâki’] ile bazı muhtemel tozlayıcı çeşitlerin (‘Alphonse Lavallée’, ‘Amasya Beyazı’, ‘Atasarısı’, ‘Italia’, ‘Müşküle’, ‘Trakya İlkeren’, ‘Yalova Çekirdeksizi’ ve ‘Yalova İncisi’) polen canlılık ve çimlenme oranlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Üzüm çeşitlerinin polen canlılık testi %1’lik TTC ile belirlenirken, polen çimlenme testi Agar‒petri yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. İki yıllık araştırma bulgularına göre; bütün üzüm çeşitleri arasında en yüksek canlı polen oranları sırasıyla ‘Yalova Çekirdeksizi’ (%41.30) ve ‘Yalova İncisi’ (%37.6), en yüksek yarı canlı polen oranları ‘Yalova İncisi’ (%53.33), ‘Yalova Çekirdeksizi’ (%42.93) ve ‘Kuntra’ (%42.08) üzüm çeşitlerinden elde edilmiştir. Bütün üzüm çeşitleri arasında en yüksek polen çimlenme oranları sırasıyla ‘Trakya İlkeren’ (%16.19), ‘Kuntra’ (%14.69) ve ‘Alphonse Lavallée’ (13.08), en düşük polen çimlenme oranı ise ‘Bozcaada Çavuşu’ (%0.00) üzüm çeşidinden alınmıştır. Bu araştırmada, mevcut tozlayıcılar olan ‘Kuntra’ ve ‘Vasilâki’ üzüm çeşitlerinin yanısıra, ‘Italia’, ‘Müşküle’ ve ‘Atasarısı’ üzüm çeşitlerinin de, ümitvar sofralık tozlayıcı çeşitler olarak yapılacak olan keseleme denemelerine dâhil edilmelerinden olumlu sonuçlar alınabileceği belirlenmiştir.
Hasat Sonrası Benzo-Thiadiazol Karbotioik Uygulamalarının Kiraz Meyvesinde Fitokimyasal Maddeler Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: ARI Banu , SARAÇOĞLU Onur , YILDIZ Kenan
Published: July 2022

Çalışmada, kiraz meyvelerine depolama öncesinde uygulanan BTH’nın depolama sürecindeki kalite değişimi ile toplam fenol, antosiyanin ve antioksidan kapasitesi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, BTH’nın iki farklı dozu (100 ve 200 ppm) uygulanmış ve 200 ppm daha etkili olacak şekilde her iki dozun da depolama sürecinde oluşan ağırlık kaybını azaltmada etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yirmi bir günlük depolama sonunda, 200 ppm BTH’nın asit içeriğinde önemli bir artışa SÇKM içerinde ise azalmaya neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Depolamanın yedinci gününde yapılan ölçümlerde kontrol meyvelerinin toplam fenol, antosiyanin içeriği ile antioksidan kapasitesinde belirgin bir artış gözlenmiştir. Bu artış BTH uygulanan meyvelerde görülmemiştir. Bunun sonucunda, depolamanın yedinci gününde kontrol meyvelerinin toplam fenol, antosiyanin içerikleri ile antioksidan kapasiteleri BTH uygulanan meyvelerininkinden önemli derecede daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Depolamanın 14 ve 21. gününde belirlenen toplam fenol ve antosiyanin içeriği ile antioksidan kapasitesi açısından kontrol ve BTH uygulamaları arasında önemli bir farklılık ortaya çıkmamıştır.
European initiatives for better training in medicines development
Authors: Hardman Mike
Published: July 2022

In the last decade, the environment for medicines development has undergone unprecedented change, including: a shift from predominantly big Pharma to one of extensive industry–academia and SME partnerships and collaborations, greater emphasis on understanding the molecular basis of disease for stratified and personalised medicine,and a focus on societal/patients’ needs and priorities.A variety of European initiatives have been established to support the training of scientists/professionals involved inmedicines development in order to respond to this constantly changing, demanding, and chaotic landscape. Some of these initiatives are directed specifically at medicines development, some address scientific research including training relevant to medicines development, and some support general training needs which can include medicines development.There are a number of European initiatives supporting better training in medicines development. They differ in their approach, ranging from IMI (specific to medicines development) to Erasmus+ (boosting skills and employability in all areas). The scope, budgets, and requirements differ considerably and they each have to be reviewed in detail to decide which might be the most appropriate for a particular target group. The common theme is to support the aims of the European Research Area (ERA), i.e., a significant improvement in Europe’s research performance to promote growth and job creation.
Models for accessing biomedical innovation in Asia
Authors: Kim Young-Hwa , Gautam Ajay
Published: July 2022

Asian countries are striving to transition into innovation-driven economies, and healthcare is a key sector on government agendas. Strong funding at academic institutions, high-impact publications, state-of-the-art clinical infrastructures, vast talent pools, increasing start-up activities and strengthening intellectual property regimes, all aligned with coherent government policies, is creating an evolving innovation ecosystem in countries such as China, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and India. Such factors have fuelled a desire from global pharmaceutical companies to seek innovation in Asia. In this article, we review the varied strategies of large multinationals using two key aspects—the capital investments and operational model—to understand such diverse approaches. Based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis, we have classified these strategies into four distinct approaches—“Captive”, “Partner”, “Service” and “Open” models—and discussed case studies that fit into each of these clusters. The model may provide global pharmaceutical companies with a framework to evaluate their respective approaches for sourcing innovation and align them with the operational, financial, business and strategic needs of their organizations in Asia.
A Foreword from the Editor
Authors: Boeynaems Jean-Marie
Published: July 2022

Welcome to the inaugural issue of the Journal of Medicines Development Sciences. This new open access journal will publish articles on the entire process of discovery and development of new medicinal products, with a particular emphasis on translational research. This inaugural issue is devoted to “Open Innovation”, a booming concept that is starting to deeply change the context of medicines development.
Critical Path to Tuberculosis Drug Regimens: Global collaboration to accelerate development of novel drug regimens and rapid drug susceptibility tests for tuberculosis
Authors: Hanna Debra , Schito Marco , Romero Klaus
Published: July 2022

The Critical Path to Tuberculosis Drug Regimens (CPTR) initiative aims to support the rational deployment of new tuberculosis (TB) therapies by speeding the development and impact of new and markedly improved drug regimens as well as rapid drug susceptibility tests. Co-founded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Critical Path Institute, and the TB Alliance in 2010, CPTR is a coalition comprising the world’s leading pharmaceutical companies, product development sponsors, diagnostic companies, regulatory agencies, and civil society organizations which support and catalyze advances in regulatory science, the development of infrastructure, and other progress needed to accelerate the pace of development and introduction of novel regimens and rapid drug susceptibility tests. This manuscript summarizes the work of two subgroups within CPTR, the Regulatory Sciences and Rapid Drug Susceptibility Test consortia, and their efforts to drive innovation. These consortia are supported by a robust TB clinical data platform, which continues to evolve through contributions of contemporary TB clinical trial data sets as well as whole genome sequence level data from isolates across the globe. Examples of innovation are described and include a recently-qualified drug development tool and emerging programs to support the development of clinical trial simulation tools.
Open innovation to bolster research and development for neglected and emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Dent Jennifer , M. Graef Katy , Shivanand Paddy
Published: July 2022

Infections remain a significant cause of disease, disability, and death in developing countries. Unfortunately, many of these infections, including centuries-old neglected diseases such as malaria and newly emerging and re-emerging diseases such as Ebola virus disease (EVD), have limited products available to prevent, diagnose, and treat them. One barrier that hinders the development of these products is neglected and emerging disease experts’ limited access to the biopharmaceutical industry’s small molecules, technologies, and know-how. Conversely, the biopharmaceutical industry’s lack of attention to and expertise in these diseases impedes the development of much-needed products. Organisations are addressing these challenges by developing platforms through which disease experts can access industry’s knowledge and assets. Strategic partnerships are applying a synergistic approach to leverage respective strengths of academia and industry. The following article describes two open innovation platforms, the Pool for Open Innovation against Neglected Tropical Diseases (POINT) and WIPO Re:Search, and two strategic, cross-sector collaborative efforts to develop therapeutics for EVD.
The European lead factory—an experiment in collaborative drug discovery
Authors: Laverty Hugh , Maria Orrling Kristina , Giordanetto Fabrizio , Poinot Magali , Ottow Eckhard , Wilhelmus Rijnders Ton , Tzalis Dimitrios , Jaroch Stefan
Published: July 2022

The European Lead Factory (ELF) is a unique collaborative public–private partnership aiming to deliver innovative drug discovery starting points and improving the value generated by ultra-High Throughput Screening (uHTS) approaches. Composed of a unique compound collection derived from private pharmaceutical company collections and complemented with new chemistries from a unique public collection, it offers a unique uHTS platform accessible to both private companies and publicly funded researchers. One of the key challenges in setting up ELF has been to balance access to screening results with protecting the value of compounds in the collection. Through an ‘honest data broker’ data management platform and a royalty reward scheme based on achieved milestones, ELF has been able to overcome these challenges. Set up in 2013, it has already accepted 42 targets for screening, submitted by publicly funded researchers, and generated 12 Qualified Hit Lists. In addition, 55,000 new library compounds have been generated by the public partners and added to the 320,000 compounds made available by the companies. Although it faced many challenges in becoming operational, this unique experiment in collaboration is already generating exciting results that will hopefully, eventually lead to better medicines and tools to advance our biological knowledge, and should act as a template for future approaches in the area.
LifeTrain: Driving lifelong learning for biomedical professionals
Authors: Brooksbank Cath , Janko Christa , Johnson Claire , See Wolf , H. Lindén Hans , Hardman Mike
Published: July 2022

This article describes LifeTrain — the European common framework for continuing professional development in the biomedical sciences. An important goal of LifeTrain is to support biomedical professionals to work collaboratively across disciplines, sectors and national boundaries. LifeTrain is an open community with a unifying goal; it brings together many excellent, but disparate, activities into a process towards establishing a focused and coherent framework for continuing professional development in the biomedical sciences. This collaborative approach provides the critical mass to make a major contribution to strengthen the skills and competencies of biomedical professionals in a rapidly changing environment. LifeTrain's signatories, which include multinational pharmaceutical companies, research infrastructures, professional and scientific bodies, higher-education institutes and research institutes, have agreed to the principles of the framework and to continue to collaborate to implement LifeTrain. We warmly invite others to join us.
It pays to promote joint PhD programmes between academia and the private sector
Authors: Aperia Anita , Dirach Jorgen , Hardman Mike , Janko Christa , Kipling Jeff , Ludwig Rebecca , Scott Lena , Stockis Armel
Published: July 2022

The prosperity of a country is closely related to its level of education to fuel research and innovation. Doctoral graduates have attained the highest education level and should be the key players in research and innovation. The number of doctoral graduates is increasing rapidly in most/many countries, but is less well correlated to changes in prosperity of a country.The innovative medicines initiative (IMI) was established to help Europe strengthen its position in biomedical research and development. During its planning stage IMI observed large gaps in the scientific interaction between academia and industry in Europe, and that undergraduate students were not realizing the career opportunities within biomedical R&D. A major objective for the education and training section of IMI, the European Medicines Research Training Network (EMTRAIN, http://www.emtrain.eu), has therefore been to work out a framework for public private partnership PhD (PPP-PhD) and to create a cohort of networking, industry-aware scientists.
New initiatives for transforming clinical research in Korea
Authors: Chee Deborah , Soo Park Min , Sohn Ji-Hoon
Published: July 2022

Korea has continuously sought to improve its regulatory environment for clinical trials and has invested heavily in clinical trial infrastructure and technology since the early 2000’s. A strategic investment through the Korea National Enterprise for Clinical Trials (KoNECT) program began in 2007 and grew to encompass a network of regional clinical trial centers to promote clinical trial capabilities and human resource development. In early 2014, KoNECT became a permanent organization focused on the advancement of the country's clinical trial industry. This was followed by the establishment of the Korea Clinical Trials Global Initiative (KCGI) and the KoNECT Collaboration Center for global clinical trials (KCC). KCGI and KCC are now at the forefront of KoNECT’s efforts to promote higher operational efficiency in the country’s clinical trials. These new initiatives in clinical research are undertaking multichannel approaches to pursue a cohesive international collaboration model between government, industry and academia for the development of new treatments and improved patient care.
Investigative safety strategies to improve success in drug development
Authors: Atienzar Franck , Delaunois Annie , Brouta Frédéric , Cornet Miranda , Fleurance Renaud , Gerets Helga , Glineur Stéphanie , Hasselgren Catrin , Kiessling Andrea , Nogueira da Costa Andre , Rosseels Marie-Luce , Tilmant Karen , Valentin Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2022

Understanding and reducing attrition rate remains a key challenge in drug development. Preclinical and clinical safety issues still represent about 40% of drug discontinuation, of which cardiac and liver toxicities are the leading reasons. Reducing attrition rate can be achieved by various means, starting with a comprehensive evaluation of the potential safety issues associated to the primary target followed by an evaluation of undesirable secondary targets. To address these risks, a risk mitigation plan should be built at very early development stages, using a panel of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models. While most pharmaceutical companies have developed robust safety strategies to de-risk genotoxicity and cardiotoxicity issues, partly driven by regulatory requirements; safety issues affecting other organs or systems, such as the central nervous system, liver, kidney, or gastro-intestinal system are less commonly addressed during early drug development. This paper proposes some de-risking strategies that can be applied to these target organ systems, including the use of novel biomarkers that can be easily integrated in both preclinical and clinical studies. Experiments to understand the mechanisms’ underlying toxicity are also important. Two examples are provided to demonstrate how such mechanistic studies can impact drug development. Novel trends in investigative safety are reviewed, such as computational modeling, mitochondrial toxicity assessment, and imaging technologies. Ultimately, understanding the predictive value of non-clinical safety testing and its translatability to humans will enable to optimize assays in order to address the key objectives of the drug discovery process, i.e., hazard identification, risk assessment, and mitigation
Brazil is gaining its momentum in pharmaceutical development
Authors: Paula Ruenis Ana , Massud Filho João
Published: July 2022

Brazil is one of the world´s largest economies and pharmaceutical markets, having the Brazilian government as an important purchaser. There are strong local companies that have grown sustainably after the introduction of generics and are investing in both incremental and radical innovation. However, research and development (R&D) expenditures are still modest; this could be explained by a combination of economic and political uncertainty in the past few years and a bureaucratic, complex regulatory framework. New regulations, efforts to reduce ethical and regulatory review timelines, and a Senate bill aimed to accomplish that goal should constitute the definitive regulatory landmark for boosting clinical research. In addition to government investments they have given a breath of relief in the market, as Brazil is trying to, once again, gain momentum as a “must-go” country for clinical development. Non-profit associations such as the Brazilian Society of Pharmaceutical Medicine (Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Farmacêutica-SBMF), the Brazilian Association of CROs (Associação Brasileira de Organizações Representativas de Pesquisa Clínica-ABRACRO), the Brazilian Clinical Research Alliance (Aliança Pesquisa Clínica Brasil), amongst others, helped to give the impulse to trigger such changes. It is time to invest heavily in developing educational programs to address the growing need for clinical development scientists and physicians.
A algorithm for prediction of exudative retinal detachment risk of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension
Authors:   The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China, Hu Li , Wang Shuang-Yong ,   The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, Guangdong Province, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To investigate the risk of exudative retinal detachment (ERD) morbidity in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) by using the logistic regression combined with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
METHODS: A total of 46 patients with ERD and 142 patients with non-ERD were diagnosed as PIH from January 2017 to February 2020. A retrospective comparison of the clinical manifestations and laboratory tests were conducted. The risk of ERD morbidity with PIH was predicted by using logistic regression combined with an ROC curve model.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age and body mass index between the two groups before pregnancy (P>0.05). However, significant differences were found in gestational weeks, duration of hypertension, maximum and minimum systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), and plasma total protein (PTP) concentration between the two groups (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum systolic BP (OR=1.050, 95%CI: 1.016-1.085) and PTP concentration (OR=0.764, 95%CI: 0.702-0.832) were independent prediction risks of ERD in PIH. The sensitivities of maximum systolic BP, PTP concentration and combined diagnosis were 0.717, 0.870, and 0.870, respectively; the specificities were 0.617, 0.837, and 0.908, respectively; the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.707 (95%CI: 0.622-0.792), 0.917 (95%CI: 0.868-0.967), and 0.933 (95%CI: 0.890-0.975), respectively; the AUC of combined diagnosis was higher than that of single diagnosis (P<0.01).
CONCLUSION: Logistic regression and ROC curve model combined with maximum systolic BP and PTP can improve the early identification of high-risk PIH patients in the hospital.
Predictive value and applicability of ocular trauma scores and pediatric ocular trauma scores in pediatric globe injuries
Authors:   Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jalan Kimia No.8, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; JEC Eye Hospitals and Clinics, Jalan Cik Ditiro 46, Menteng, Jakarta 10310, Indonesia, Irawati Yunia , Gondhowiardjo Tjahjono Darminto ,   JEC Eye Hospitals and Clinics, Jalan Cik Ditiro 46, Menteng, Jakarta 10310, Indonesia, Hoskin Annette K. ,   Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, South Block, Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia; Lions Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Western Australia, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
Published: July 2022

AIM: To evaluate the predictive value and applicability of Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) and Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score (POTS) for closed and open globe injuries in the pediatric group.
METHODS: A retrospective study of closed and open globe injuries in children age of 0-18-year-old between 2012-2019 was conducted. Medical records were collected, and injuries were classified using Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System (BETTS). The predictive value and applicability of both OTS and POTS to final visual acuity (VA) were analyzed.
RESULTS: Of 84 patients, 59 (70.2%) presented with closed globe injuries (CGI) and 25 (29.8%) with open globe injuries (OGI). The mean of initial VA was 0.832±0.904 logMAR. OTS and POTS was calculated. Initial VA (P<0.001) and traumatic cataract (P<0.001) were significantly associated with visual outcome, followed by organic/unclean wound (P=0.001), delay of surgery (P=0.001), iris prolapse (P=0.003), and globe rupture (P=0.008). A strong correlation between OTS and POTS and final VA (r=-0.798, P<0.001; r=-0.612, P<0.001) was found. OTS was more applicable in all age group of pediatric and in contrast to POTS, it was designed for 0-15 years old. POTS requires eleven parameters and OTS six parameters. Even though initial VA was not available, we could still calculate into POTS equation.
CONCLUSION: OTS and POTS are highly predictive prognostic tools for final VA in CGI and OGI’s in children.
Optical coherence tomography evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and primary open angle glaucoma: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China, Tong Yu-Xin , He Yi ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China, Chen Zong-Lin ,   Department of General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China, Jiang Bing ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To assess the differences in average and sectoral peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic neuropathy (NAION) compared with those with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).
METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were performed prior to October, 2021. Studies that compared the pRNFL thickness in NAION eyes with that in POAG eyes with matched mean deviation of the visual fields were included. The weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to pool continuous outcomes.
RESULTS: Ten cross-sectional studies (11 datasets) comprising a total of 625 eyes (278 NAION eyes, 347 POAG eyes) were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The pooled results demonstrated that the superior pRNFL was significantly thinner in NAION eyes than in POAG eyes (WMD=-6.40, 95%CI: -12.22 to -0.58, P=0.031), whereas the inferior pRNFL was significant thinner in POAG eyes than in NAION eyes (WMD=11.10, 95%CI: 7.06 to 15.14, P≤0.001). No difference was noted concerning the average, nasal, and temporal pRNFL thickness (average: WMD=1.45, 95%CI: -0.75 to 3.66, P=0.196; nasal: WMD= -2.12, 95%CI: -4.43 to 0.19, P=0.072; temporal: WMD= -1.24, 95%CI: -3.96 to 1.47, P=0.370).
CONCLUSION: SD-OCT based evaluation of inferior and superior pRNFL thickness can be potentially utilized to differentiate NAION from POAG, and help to understand the different pathophysiological mechanisms between these two diseases. Further longitudinal studies and studies using eight-quadrant or clock-hour classification method are required to validate the obtained findings.
An Overall-Optimized Heat Dissipation Enhancement Design Scheme for Automation Systems Based on Microchannel Units and the Evaluation of Heat Dissipation Performance
Authors: Lu Yongfang , Lu Xiaofang
Published: July 2022

Microchannel has been widely used in the cooling, heat exchange, and thermal control modules of automation devices due to its many merits such as high efficiency of heat exchange, energy-saving, and can make full use of the sensible and latent heat. However, the integrity of the overall-optimized heat dissipation enhancement design of automation systems based on microchannel units is very limited, and few existing studies have concerned about the simulation of the heat flow and transfer features of microchannel heat sinks. For this reason, this paper aims to study a design scheme of the heat dissipation enhancement of automation systems from an overall optimization scale based on the microchannel heat exchange units and evaluate its heat dissipation performance. At first, this paper built a Microchannel Heat Sink (MHS) model and gave the steps of the proposed design scheme. Then, the temperature field of heat dissipation process of the internal components of automation equipment was simulated and analyzed, and the scientificity and effectiveness of the proposed design scheme were verified via experiment. At last, the relationship between the pressure drop of microchannel units and the temperature of fluid was discussed, the heat dissipation performance was compared, and the evaluation results were given.