bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Functions Modulation of Recycled By-Products by Heterodimensional Structure
Authors: Nan Ze , Wei Wei , Lin Zhenhua , Yuan Ruimei , Zhang Miao , Zhang Jincheng , Ouyang Jianyong , Chang Jingjing , Li Hejun , Hao Yue
Published: February 2025

One of the significant technological challenges in safeguarding electronic devices pertains to the modulation of electromagnetic (EM) wave jamming and the recycling of defensive shields. The synergistic effect of heterodimensional materials can effectively enable the manipulation of EM waves by altering the nanostructure. Here we propose a novel approach for upcycling by-products of silver nanowires that can fabricate shape-tunable aerogels which enable the modulation of its interaction with microwaves by heterodimensional structure of by-products. By-product heterodimensionality was used to design EM-wave-jamming-dissipation structures and therefore two typical tunable aerogel forms were studied. The first tunable form was aerogel film, which shielded EM interference (EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) > 89 dB) and the second tunable form was foam, which performed dual EM functions (SE > 30 dB& reflective loss (RL) < -35 dB, effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) > 6.7 GHz). We show that secondary recycled aerogels retain nearly all of their EM protection properties, making this type of closed-loop cycle an appealing option. Our findings pave the way for the development of adaptive EM functions with nanoscale regulation in a green and closed-loop cycle, and they shed light on the fundamental understanding of microwave interactions with heterodimensional structures.
Defining optimal orthogeriatric hip fracture care: a delphi consensus approach
Authors: van Bremen H. E. , Seppala L. J. , Gans E. A. , Hegeman J. H. , van der Velde N. , Willems H. C.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Development of consensus-based recommendations on core and optimal elements of orthogeriatric hip-fracture care.

Methods

An online Delphi survey was performed in the Netherlands. A total of 72 statements were derived from a framework encompassing all phases of care for older patients with a hip fracture. These statements were presented to the panelists in two rounds to identify elements for minimal and optimal orthogeriatric care. Panelists included professionals with experience in hip-fracture care and patient representatives. The level of agreement was measured using a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was considered if > 75% of the panelists agreed or disagreed.

Results

Ninety-two persons were invited to participate in the survey; 63 participated in the first round and 55 in the second round. One statement was added in the second round. Most participants had a background in geriatrics (36% in the second round) or trauma surgery/orthopaedics (20% in the second round). Consensus was reached on 48 statements for minimal orthogeriatric care and 60 statements for optimal orthogeriatric care.

Conclusion

This study supports previously established recommendations for older adults with hip fractures. In addition, it offers practical recommendations for implementation of orthogeriatric care regarding both core and optimal care elements for hospitals at every different level of maturity and at every step in the care process. This may decrease the intra- and inter-hospital variability of clinical management of hip-fracture patients. Organizational and logistical elements present a barrier to overcoming the gap between the current practice and the optimal situation.
Exploring incel group dynamics: a computational study of hierarchy and group-boundary policing
Authors: Solopova Veronika , Popa-Wyatt Mihaela , Berškytė Justina
Published: February 2025

Incels (involuntary celibates) are part of a broader misogynistic culture known as the manosphere. Some communities within the manosphere, including incels, promote gender-based violence through misogynistic rhetoric and ideology. Incels are men who struggle to form romantic relationships and thus seek solace in online forums to find a sense of purpose and community. The community is organised around an ideology and a hierarchical classification of members. This paper presents a computational linguistic analysis of the utterances made within the community. We analyse the linguistic patterns of six different ranks of users: paragons, high-rank users, low-rank users, greycels, banned users, and self-banned/deleted users. We conducted an analysis of the sentiments expressed between ranks and of the affective attitude of posters when discussing a variety of topics. We then we analysed linguistic features, also conditioned on the rank of the poster. These analyses reveal qualitative differences between users of different ranks in how they express themselves and their sentiments. Finally, we trained models based on the linguistic features of users’ posts and show that already based on this information it is possible to predict the rank of users. Overall, our results indicate that the incel community has developed distinctive linguistic patterns to disseminate their ideology and that these linguistic patterns vary according to the rank of an incel within the community. This methodology offers a robust framework for studying similar echo chamber-like communities.
The construction of a stable physical–chemical multi-crosslinking structure through a simplified FROMP strategy synergistically enhances the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PDCPD
Authors: Wang Ping , Shi Mengting , Ling Jiacheng , Yang Li , Liu Wenxiu , Zhou Yiyang , Xu Jie , Chen Mei , Li Guilin
Published: February 2025

The enhancement of the flame retardancy of polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) while maintaining its excellent mechanical properties has long been an important and critical technical challenge for many years. In this contribution, we designed and synthesized a new flame-retardant monomer containing double norbornene groups (NB-PDP) which can undergo the frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) with dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and 5-dicyclopentadiene-2-carboxylic acid (NB-COOH). Through the formulation optimization, the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the copolymers could be easily regulated. To investigate the influencing mechanism of the NB-PDP and NB-COOH on the properties of the copolymers, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the FROMP, as well as the micro-structures, mechanical properties, and flame-retardant performance of the PDCPD/NB-PDP/NB-COOH copolymers were systematically studied. The findings suggest that the integration of NB-PDP and NB-COOH resulted in a diverse array of physical and chemical cross-linking networks within the system. Consequently, the tensile strength of the copolymers reached a maximum of 63.1 MPa and the elongation at break achieved up to 28.5%, representing the increases of 43.0% and 154.0% compared to that of PDCPD without any modification, respectively. It is worth mentioning that except the flame-retardant NB-PDP, NB-COOH could also serve as the carbon source to enhance the char formation and further improve the flame-retardant properties, such as the limiting oxygen index (LOI), peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP). These phenomena indicate that the material exhibits excellent mechanical properties and conspicuous flame retardancy. This work provided an efficient method for the preparation of the intrinsically flame-retardant PDCPD materials and a new strategy for the constructing of the thermosetting materials with excellent comprehensive performance.
Exploring Adolescents’ Ratings of Social Profiles: The Impact of Eye Gaze
Authors: Anderson Ashley N. , Rapp John T. , Bush Helena
Published: February 2025

Understanding the impact of eye gaze on social interactions may mitigate some risks for adolescents who are either currently justice-involved or at risk of contacting the justice system. At present, there are no universally accepted assessments for determining age-appropriate levels of eye gaze for adolescents during social interactions. One way to evaluate an individual’s sensitivity to eye gaze is to determine if they can detect different levels of eye gaze in other people. Bush et al. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 25, 263–273, (2021) created three videos (profiles) of an actor displaying three different levels of eye gaze (directed toward an off-screen interviewer) and then asked college students to rate the actor in the three profiles using six statements. Bush et al. found college students provided the most favorable ratings for the profile with a high, but not the highest, level of eye gaze. This study used the same three video profiles of a speaker and six statements to assess ratings by two groups: non-justice-involved adolescents and justice-involved adolescents. Results indicate both groups rated the three speaker profiles differently for some statements. In particular, both groups rated the low eye gaze profile less favorably than the other two profiles. Analyses also revealed (1) non-justice-involved adolescents rated the high eye gaze profile as less attentive but more likely to get an important job than the justice-involved group and (2) justice-involved adolescents rated the “socially valid” profile as less likely to have friends than non-justice-involved adolescents. Implications and next steps are discussed.
The Role of Different Bio-additives in the Properties οf Cement Mortars
Authors: Kampragkou P. , Stefanidou M.
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, the research in the field of building materials revolves around the basic principles of sustainability, environmental protection, circular economy and proper management of natural and financial resources. In this context, the current study aimed to implement several biomaterials of diverse species and geometry into cement mortar mixtures and to evaluate their physical, mechanical and hydrothermal properties. Thus, black pine wood and bark powder, pellet crumb and agro-pasture and hemp fibers were incorporated at 1.5% v/v addition rate in cement mortars. After 28 hardening days, all bio-enhanced mortar samples presented advanced flexural strength and decreased specific gravity and thermal conductivity records in relation to the reference-unreinforced case. Furthermore, the powder-crumb like biomaterials seemed to perform as fillers reducing the porosity and capillary absorption values of the specimens compared to the reference composition. From the analysis it seems that biomaterials could provide low cost and eco-friendly reinforcement solutions in the construction sector.
Fly ash-doped biochar fabricated by pyrolysis and hydrothermal strategies: characteristics and potentialities of carbon sequestration
Authors: Li Gang , Ye Rongchuan , Wu Shumin , Liu Xianghui , Huang Meijing , Guo Jianda , Gao Yan , Chen Wei , Ma Yan
Published: February 2025

The oxidation of biochar occurs due to both natural and human influences during the soil carbon sequestration process. Therefore, it is crucial to produce high-stability biochar to achieve carbon neutrality. Fly ash-doped biochar was obtained from fly ash and corn stalks by employing hydrothermal/pyrolysis treatment, along with alkali impregnation at different temperatures. The microstructural characteristics and carbon sequestration potentials were studied as an essential performance parameter that was influenced by mineral doping and treatment temperature. The yield and carbon retention of P500-1:2 improved by 54.15% and 6.81%, respectively, and the carbon loss following H2O2 oxidation was only 9.93% as depicted by the results. In comparison with hydrothermal biochar, pyrolysis biochar is superior in terms of its carbon sequestration potential. SiO2, Al2O3 and other components in fly ash continue to dissolve at high temperatures and react with carbon in biochar, promoting the formation of aromatic carbon and generating a physical protective layer to prevent biochar from oxidation, hence improving the chemical and thermal stability of biochar. High temperature and mineral interaction also contribute to high aromatic structure (H:C < 0.4) formation, significantly improving the specific surface area and thermal stability of biochar.

Graphical Abstract
Reevaluating the Organization of Lapidary Production at Chaco Canyon
Authors: Mattson Hannah V.
Published: February 2025

Several decades ago, the National Park Service's Chaco Project revealed evidence for widespread ornament manufacture at small sites (small houses) in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, as well as possible workshop-scale production at two of these locations. Given that consumption of finished jewelry items is clearly concentrated at large sites (great houses), it was suggested that lapidary production was part of a larger corporate political strategy, in which goods produced in surrounding small houses were used to sustain communal events related to construction activities and ritual performances at great houses. This article addresses a critical gap in this narrative—ornament production at great houses. Using Pueblo Bonito as a case study, I present the results of a systematic analysis of lapidary tools from the site and characterize the nature of on-site ornament manufacture. I find evidence that significant jewelry-making was occurring at Pueblo Bonito, at least on par with previously documented small-house jewelry workshops, and that a portion of this was embedded within elite households. These results require us to reconsider the role of ornament production in Chacoan political economy.
Study on shock reduction during pyro-actuated separation mechanism by use of shock absorbers and dampers
Authors: Chakraborty A. , Laxman D. , Srinivasan R. , Khalane S.A. , Ramakrishna P.A. , Murthy H.
Published: February 2025

The current emphasis in aerospace component development is on creating safe, reliable and cost-effective technologies. However, the intricate design of stage separation systems renders component reliability a critical factor in determining mission success or failure. One of the technical challenges involves the development of various aerospace mechanisms, such as payload separation, heavy propulsion system separation, ejection of auxiliary components and detachment of rigid components. These stage separation mechanisms commonly employ pyrotechnic devices, which, by their operational nature, impart shock to the spacecraft, potentially causing damage or adverse effects on flight instruments. Therefore, it is imperative to explore multiple viable concepts aimed at reducing shock and experimentally ascertain the impact of shock using diverse shock attenuation techniques. While existing literature primarily addresses shock attenuation with distance from the shock source, limited attention has been given to diminishing shock at the location of the shock-generating element. This study employed various shock-attenuating devices, including dampers, metallic foam structures, viscous materials and dampeners, to assess the effectiveness of shock reduction. Furthermore, the study investigated shock reduction resulting from the elimination of rigid connections, such as bolted joints, from pyro-actuated mechanisms. Through a series of experiments, a conclusive analysis was conducted to determine the approach for achieving a substantial reduction in pyro shock.
A study on the mixing and infrared signal characteristics of a lobed mixer in a micro turbojet engine
Authors: Lee C. , Choi S.M.
Published: February 2025

In this study, measurements and numerical analyses of the temperature distribution of exhaust gas passing through two types of mixers using a micro turbojet engine were performed to investigate the flow mixing performance based on the shape of the mixer, which mixes the bypass air and core air in a gas turbine turbofan engine. To study the mixing characteristics of the mixer, compressed air was supplied through an external duct mounted on a micro turbojet engine to simulate bypass flow, and a system in which hot gas and compressed air were mixed and ejected into the atmosphere was fabricated. A confluent-type mixer and a mixer with 8-lobed mixer channels in the form of a sine wave were used for the experiment. The exhaust gas temperature was measured based on the distance from the nozzle outlet at bypass ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.4. The results showed that the lobed mixer is more effective than the confluent mixer in lowering the exhaust gas temperature as the bypass ratio increased. Numerical analysis results indicated that, in the case of the confluent mixer, flow mixing is primarily performed by shear flow owing to the velocity difference between the core gas and the bypass air. In contrast, in the case of a lobed mixer, flow mixing is achieved through rotational motion and transverse flow. In addition, when the number of lobe channels increased from 8 to 12, the rotational motion increased and the mixing performance improved. Furthermore, infrared signal calculation results confirmed that, as the number of lobe channels increased, improved flow mixing effectively reduced the infrared signal. We conclude that this study helps understand the mixing characteristics of the flow according to the shape of the mixer at various bypass ratios and determine their effect on the characteristics of the infrared signal.
A Ritual Approach to Patent Law
Authors: Tilt David
Published: February 2025

This article applies van Gennep’s structure of the ritual to the patent application process, arguing that information undergoes several ontological transformations on the way to patentability. The second half of the article applies Turner’s focus on the liminal space. From this perspective, the ‘pure possibility’ of the liminal space is essential to patent law, because it helps negotiate between strong boundaries (as a form of property) and the almost improvisational way in which general rules are applied to specific patents. Taken together, these two approaches provide a more nuanced understanding of how patent law comes into existence and how the patents themselves operate as distinct social and cultural artefacts. The analysis does not intend to replace the economic understanding of patent law, but instead seeks to reflect more completely how it actually functions.
Pre-disaster Health Vulnerabilities Predict Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms Among High-Risk Puerto Rican Adults after Hurricanes Maria and Irma
Authors: Musicaro Regina M. , Valdespino-Hayden Zerbrina , Lozano Marijulie Martinez , Ramos Carlamarie Noboa , Joshipura Kaumudi , Lowe Sarah R.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Robust research has established that preexisting physical and mental health conditions increase risk for adverse psychiatric outcomes after disasters. However, it is unclear if increased risk is independent of disaster exposure, and most studies have relied on retrospective reports of pre-disaster functioning.

Methods

In a pre-post sample of high-risk Puerto Rican adults (N = 361) who experienced Hurricanes Irma and Maria, we assessed: 1) whether indicators of pre-disaster depression and physical health conditions were associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms; and 2) whether the effects of pre-disaster depression and physical health conditions on PTSD and MDD symptoms were indirect via disaster exposure or had exacerbated the effects of disaster exposure on PTSD and MDD symptoms.

Results

Pre-disaster depression and physical health problems were significantly associated with higher post-disaster MDD symptoms (B = 1.50, SE = 0.36, p < .001, and B = 0.21; SE = 0.09, P = 0.016), but not PTSD symptoms. Indirect effects of pre-disaster depression and physical health symptoms via disaster exposure were non-significant, and neither moderated the association of disaster exposure on PTSD and MDD symptoms.

Conclusions

Research is needed to understand other pathways through which pre-disaster health conditions predict post-disaster mental health.
Falling behind the PACE: lie detectors, policing and lack of foreseeability – an FOI-based study
Authors: Kotsoglou Kyriakos N. , Oswald Marion
Published: February 2025

Despite its contested scientific validity, polygraph interviewing is now an established yet opaque practice within criminal justice in England and Wales, with statute law covering polygraph use in the context of probation for released offenders. In this paper, we highlight non-statutory uses of the polygraph by police forces in England and Wales by presenting analysis of responses to freedom of information (FOI) requests. The boundaries around police polygraph use are undefined and potentially elastic. The policies disclosed state that polygraph interviewing is conducted with regard to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) and the Human Rights Act 1998; yet it is denied that a polygraph examination is a criminal interview conducted under PACE. Furthermore, there is a significant risk that the common law may not satisfy the quality of law requirement insofar as it is insufficiently clear who will be subject to polygraph testing, why and in what circumstances. Therefore, we argue that the legal basis for the police’s use of the polygraph is inadequate and imprecise. Without openness and scrutiny regarding the extent of this use, it is difficult to see how the key human rights principle of foreseeability can protect citizens from the risk of arbitrariness.
BOUNDED CONJUGACY CLASSES AND CONJUGACY CLASSES SUPPORTING INVARIANT MEASURES AND AUTOMORPHISMS
Authors: RAJA C. R. E.
Published: February 2025

We consider conjugacy classes in a locally compact group G that support finite G-invariant measures. If G is a property (M) extension of an abelian group, in particular, if G is a metabelian group, then any such conjugacy class is relatively compact. As an application, centralisers of lattices in such groups have bounded conjugacy classes. We use the same techniques to obtain results in the case of totally disconnected, locally compact groups.
DIAGONAL KNOTS AND THE TAU INVARIANT
Authors: ARNDT JACKSON , JANSEN MALIA , MCBURNEY PAYTON , VANCE KATHERINE
Published: February 2025

In 2003, Ozsváth, Szabó and Rasmussen introduced the

$\tau $

invariant for knots, and in 2011, Sarkar [‘Grid diagrams and the Ozsváth–Szabó tau-invariant’, Math. Res. Lett.18(6) (2011), 1239–1257] published a computational shortcut for the

$\tau $

invariant of knots that can be represented by diagonal grid diagrams. Previously, the only knots known to have diagonal grid diagram representations were torus knots. We prove that all such knots are positive knots and we produce an example of a knot with a diagonal grid diagram representation which is not a torus knot.
When the Revolutions Aligned: Soviet Documentary Films of the Aswan High Dam
Authors: Kirasirova Masha
Published: February 2025

The Aswan High Dam was a cornerstone of two overlapping political projects. For Egypt’s President Gamal Abdel Nasser, the dam symbolized a bright future in which the decolonized Egyptian people could finally claim their destinies and triumph over the twin forces of imperialism and nature. The Soviet-assisted megaproject acquired such symbolic importance that Nasser’s security apparatus carefully policed its representations in Egyptian society, culture, and intellectual life. For the USSR, by contrast, the dam symbolized Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev’s break with the Stalinist past, initiated in his famous February 1956 “secret speech” that criticized Stalin’s draconian repressions, isolationism in international affairs, and neglect of “the East.” Even as it led to economic, scientific technical, and cultural agreements with Afro-Asian states including Egypt, Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization agenda loosened controls over political speech at home, unleashing powerful new political ideas, forces, and artistic trends. This brief essay will explore the overlap between the two projects, asking where they met and diverged and what this means for studies of political, cultural, and environmental history.
The impact of genes and environment assessed longitudinally on psychological and somatic distress in twins from ages 15 to 35 years
Authors: Gillespie Nathan A. , Couvy-Duchesne Baptiste , Neale Michael C , Hickie Ian B. , Martin Nicholas G
Published: February 2025

Background

Genetically informative twin studies have consistently found that individual differences in anxiety and depression symptoms are stable and primarily attributable to time-invariant genetic influences, with non-shared environmental influences accounting for transient effects.

Methods

We explored the etiology of psychological and somatic distress in 2279 Australian twins assessed up to six times between ages 12–35. We evaluated autoregressive, latent growth, dual-change, common, and independent pathway models to identify which, if any, best describes the observed longitudinal covariance and accounts for genetic and environmental influences over time.

Results

An autoregression model best explained both psychological and somatic distress. Familial aggregation was entirely explained by additive genetic influences, which were largely stable from ages 12 to 35. However, small but significant age-dependent genetic influences were observed at ages 20–27 and 32–35 for psychological distress and at ages 16–19 and 24–27 for somatic distress. In contrast, environmental influences were predominantly transient and age-specific.

Conclusions

The longitudinal trajectory of psychological distress from ages 12 to 35 can thus be largely explained by forward transmission of a stable additive genetic influence, alongside smaller age-specific genetic innovations. This study addresses the limitation of previous research by exhaustively exploring alternative theoretical explanations for the observed patterns in distress symptoms over time, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic and environmental factors influencing psychological and somatic distress across this age range.
Probabalistic reinforcement learning impairments predict negative symptom severity and risk for conversion in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Authors: Luther Lauren , Raugh Ian M. , Strauss Gregory P.
Published: February 2025

Background

Elucidation of transphasic mechanisms (i.e., mechanisms that occur across illness phases) underlying negative symptoms could inform early intervention and prevention efforts and additionally identify treatment targets that could be effective regardless of illness stage. This study examined whether a key reinforcement learning behavioral pattern characterized by reduced difficulty learning from rewards that have been found to underlie negative symptoms in those with a schizophrenia diagnosis also contributes to negative symptoms in those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis.

Methods

CHR youth (n = 46) and 51 healthy controls (CN) completed an explicit reinforcement learning task with two phases. During the acquisition phase, participants learned to select between pairs of stimuli probabilistically reinforced with feedback indicating receipt of monetary gains or avoidance of losses. Following training, the transfer phase required participants to select between pairs of previously presented stimuli during the acquisition phase and novel stimuli without receiving feedback. These test phase pairings allowed for inferences about the contributions of prediction error and value representation mechanisms to reinforcement learning deficits.

Results

In acquisition, CHR participants displayed impaired learning from gains specifically that were associated with greater negative symptom severity. Transfer performance indicated these acquisition deficits were largely driven by value representation deficits. In addition to negative symptoms, this profile of deficits was associated with a greater risk of conversion to psychosis and lower functioning.

Conclusions

Impairments in positive reinforcement learning, specifically effectively representing reward value, may be an important transphasic mechanism of negative symptoms and a marker of psychosis liability.
Foreword
Authors: Curien Pierre-Louis
Published: February 2025

MSCS is moving to continuous publishing.
On the Generalization of Learned Constraints for ASP Solving in Temporal Domains
Authors: ROMERO JAVIER , SCHAUB TORSTEN , STRAUCH KLAUS
Published: February 2025

The representation of a temporal problem in answer set programming (ASP) usually boils down to using copies of variables and constraints, one for each time stamp, no matter whether it is directly encoded or expressed via an action or temporal language. The multiplication of variables and constraints is commonly done during grounding, and the solver is completely ignorant about the temporal relationship among the different instances. On the other hand, a key factor in the performance of today’s ASP solvers is conflict-driven constraint learning. Our question in this paper is whether a constraint learned for particular time steps can be generalized and reused at other time steps, and ultimately whether this enhances the overall solver performance on temporal problems. Knowing well the domain of time, we study conditions under which learned dynamic constraints can be generalized. Notably, we identify a property of temporal representations that enables the generalization of learned constraints across all time steps. It turns out that most ASP planning encodings either satisfy this property or can be easily adapted to do so. In addition, we propose a general translation that transforms programs to fulfill this property. Finally, we empirically evaluate the impact of adding the generalized constraints to an ASP solver.
Analysis of genetic diversity in caigua (Cyclanthera pedata (L.) Schrad.) in mid-hill of the Indian Himalayas
Authors: Dev Rahul , Hedau Nirmal Kumar , Pal Ramesh Singh , Paschapur Amit , Kant Lakshmi
Published: February 2025

The genetic diversity of Cyclanthera pedata was assessed through agro-morphological, mineral composition and biochemical traits. Field surveys across India documented its wide ecological distribution (18.66°–31.02°N, 78.05°–83.27°E, 131–3665 m AMSL) in Andhra Pradesh and northwest Himalayan region. Field evaluations were conducted during Kharif 2021 and 2022 at ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora (1250 m AMSL). Significant genotypic variation was observed in fruit yield (195–1505 g/plant), fruit numbers (36–364 per plant), chlorophyll content (0.49–2.61 μg/g) and antioxidant activities (16.02–39.04 mM Trolox equivalent/g DW). Notable genotypes included RK-40 (highest yield of 1505 g/plant), RK-01 (early flowering) and RK-33 (early fruiting). High coefficients of variation (>23%) were noted in total chlorophyll, carotenoids and FRAP values. Genotype RK-42 excelled in antioxidant activities and carotenoids. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the germplasm into four clusters based on critical traits independent of geographic origin. In contrast, principal component analysis identified traits like polyphenols, antioxidants, seed weight and fruit yield as significant contributors to phenotypic variation. The biplot revealed relationships between traits, such as positive correlations between fruit yield, fruit and pulp weight, and biochemical traits like DPPH and ABTS. Genotypes such as IC 430006, IC 356007, IC 393261, IC 393308, UKAl 1 and IC 361297 display distinct profiles. These findings highlight critical traits for breeding and conservation efforts, particularly for enhancing fruit yield and biochemical attributes in C. pedata germplasm.
Call, Response, and Compromisso: Ethical Practice in Capoeira of Backland Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Kurtz Esther Viola
Published: February 2025

In the Afro-Brazilian music-movement form capoeira, call and response saturates all interactions in live performance events (rodas). In addition to call-and-response song structures, music calls bodies into movement, bodies call to one another, and movements invoke responses from instrumentalists. Yet call and response does more than organize the roda. Demonstrating how antiphony organizes group sociality, the article argues that the music and movement also summon members to assume a range of responsibilities within the group and their lives. These include showing up for trainings and rodas, maintaining instruments, preparing for annual events, and teaching capoeira to younger generations in Bahia's underserved communities. Practitioners frame their ethical commitments to capoeira as compromisso, a concept that implies broad, long-term dedication. Grounding the study in my ethnographic research conducted in Brazil, I bridge Black music scholarship with ethical Africana philosophy to argue that capoeira practitioners use knowledge generated in their music-movement practice to conceive an ethics of compromisso. While the literature on Black musics across the Americas widely acknowledges call and response as a foundational musical mechanism, few ethnographic studies have delved more deeply into the social, ethical, and political potentials of antiphony. The article thus contributes to understandings of how Black music-dance practices generate ethical knowledge and practice through their sounds and movements. As capoeira's antiphony transcends the roda's space-time, it calls practitioners to assume an unending compromisso, making commitments that span generations to continually leverage capoeira's lessons to improve lives in Black communities of backland Bahia.
From Stance to Identity within Signs: Noncommercial Slogans in China
Authors: Zhang Mengli , Zhang Tianwei
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates noncommercial slogans, one prevalent type of linguistic signs in China, examining the stances and identities emerging from these signs, and the relevant contexts from which they emerge. Du Bois’ stance triangle model is adapted and employed in the case study of Zhengzhou urban–rural slogans, combining qualitative and quantitative methods via BFSU Qualitative Coder 1.2. Results show a higher proportion of evaluative and alignment stances than positioning stance, including affective and epistemic stances, in both urban and rural areas. A notable distinction lies in the proportion of positioning stance, with a relatively lower prevalence in rural areas compared to urban areas. Second, these stances index the identities as an object-centered evaluator, a collectively intersubjectivity-centered aligner, as well as the self-local/translocal identity. Third, the analysis reveals Chinese economic, administrative, cultural, social, and political contexts related to the emergence of the identities within these signs.
„Für Praxisanleitung fehlt uns die Zeit!“
Authors: Öhring Carina , Szontkowski Stefanie
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung: Zur Unterstützung für die Praxisanleitung wurden Lernboxen unter Einbezug des Selbstorganisierten Lernens gemeinsam mit Praxisanleitenden und Lernenden entwickelt und mit Lernenden der generalistischen Pflegeausbildung im Krankenhaus und in Seniorenheimen getestet.
Drainage Divide Migration on Asymmetrically Uplifted Horsts, Western Türkiye
Authors: Özpolat Emrah , Yıldırım Cengiz , Görüm Tolga , Sarıkaya M. Akif
Published: February 2025

The migration of a main drainage divide is pivotal in landscape evolution, providing key insights into how tectonic and erosional processes shape landscapes. However, the dynamics of divide migration in response to asymmetric uplift and erosion are not well constrained in natural settings compared to modeling studies. This study examines drainage divide migration in response to gradient in uplift and erosional contrast in the horst systems of the western Anatolia Extensional Province, Türkiye. Using 11 new cosmogenic 10Be‐derived erosion rates and topographic metrics, we demonstrate that differing positions of main drainage divides result from variations in uplift gradient and erosional contrast, despite the simultaneous exhumation of horsts under the same extensional regime. The findings show that Madran Horst's main drainage divide is closer to its more uplifted eastern flank and is controlled by a higher uplift gradient between the flanks. The higher erosion rates in the eastern flanks suggest a quasi‐steady‐state equilibrium in which the high erosional contrast between the flanks and the gradient in uplift is already balancing each other as supported by Gilbert metrics in contrast to χ. In contrast, the Karıncalıdağ Horst's main drainage divide is approaching its geometric center supported by closer values in χ anomalies, stability in Gilbert metrics, and a decreasing gradient in uplift between flanks. Although the main drainage divide is close to the geometric center, higher erosion rates in the eastern flank suggest ongoing erosion‐driven migration. This study provides empirical evidence for drainage divide migration driven by asymmetric uplift and erosional contrast.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related super enhancer promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in hepatocellular carcinoma through CREB5 mediated activation of TNC
Authors: Wang Anqi , Yan Sitong , Liu Jiatao , Chen Xiang , Hu Mengyao , Du Xiao , Jiang Weijia , Pan Zhipeng , Fan Lulu , Sun Guoping
Published: February 2025

Super-enhancers (SEs) are associated with key genes that control cellular state and cell identity. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). However, whether SEs are involved in ERS-related activation of EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In this study, we identified 17 ERS-related SEs by comparing ERS-HCC cells with untreated control cells using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq. CRISPR-Cas9 and RT-qPCR identified CAMP responsive element binding protein 5 (CREB5) as a key target of ERS-related SE. Analyses of TCGA datasets and tissue arrays showed that CREB5 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher in liver cancer tissues than in paired normal tissues. In addition, overexpression of CREB5 was associated with poor prognosis and an aggressive phenotype in patients with HCC. We also found that activation of ERS enhanced the expression of CREB5, and upregulation of CREB5 significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted EMT, but inhibited apoptosis. More importantly, ERS activation increased the expression of several EMT markers by modulating the expression of CREB5. Mechanistically, CREB5 upregulates the transcription of tenascin-C (TNC) by directly binding to its promoter region, thereby promoting EMT in liver cancer cells. In summary, our findings suggest that ERS activation promotes EMT in liver cancer cells via SE-mediated upregulation of the CREB5/TNC pathway. This result provides a new direction for uncovering how ERS regulates EMT and a foundation for preventing the progression of EMT in HCC.
TAp63γ is the primary isoform of TP63 for tumor suppression but not development
Authors: Chen Xinbin , Sun Wenqiang , Kong Xiangmudong , Ming Xin , Zhang Yanhong , Yan Wensheng , Mohibi Shakur , Chen Mingyi , Mitchell Keith , Zhang Jin
Published: February 2025

TP63 is expressed as TAp63 and ΔNp63 from the P1 and P2 promoters, respectively. While TAp63 and ΔNp63 are expressed as three TAp63α/β/γ and ΔNp63α/β/γ due to alternative splicing, only p63α (TA and ΔN) and p63γ (TA and ΔN) proteins are found to be detectable and likely to be responsible for p63-dependent activity. Previous studies implied and/or demonstrated that TAp63α, which contains an N-terminal activation domain conserved in p53, functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating an array of genes for growth suppression. By contrast, ΔNp63α, which also contains an N-terminal activation domain but is different from that in TAp63, regulates a unique set of genes and functions as a master regulator for development of epidermis and other stratified epithelial tissues. However, the biological function of p63γ is largely unexplored. To explore this, we generated a mouse model in that exon 10’, a coding exon specific for p63γ, was deleted by CRISPR-cas9. We showed that mice deficient in p63γ are viable and futile, which is different from mice deficient in total TP63 or p63α. Like TAp63-deficient mice, p63γ-deficient mice have a short lifespan and are prone to spontanenous tumors. Additionally, loss of p63γ shortens the lifespan of tumor-free mice potentially via increased cellular senescence. Moreover, mice deficient in p63γ are prone to chronic inflammation in multiple organs and liver steatosis potentially via altered lipid metabolism. Single-cell RNA-seq revealed that loss of p63γ increases the expression of SCD1, a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, leading to altered lipid homeostasis. Together, our data indicate that TP63γ is the primary isoform of TP63 for tumor suppression but not development by maintaining normal inflammatory response and lipid homeostasis.
Replication-IDentifier links epigenetic and metabolic pathways to the replication stress response
Authors: van der Horst Sophie C. , Kollenstart Leonie , Batté Amandine , Keizer Sander , Vreeken Kees , Pandey Praveen , Chabes Andrei , van Attikum Haico
Published: February 2025

Perturbation of DNA replication, for instance by hydroxyurea-dependent dNTP exhaustion, often leads to stalling or collapse of replication forks. This triggers a replication stress response that stabilizes these forks, activates cell cycle checkpoints, and induces expression of DNA damage response genes. While several factors are known to act in this response, the full repertoire of proteins involved remains largely elusive. Here, we develop Replication-IDentifier (Repli-ID), which allows for genome-wide identification of regulators of DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. During Repli-ID, the replicative polymerase epsilon (Pol ε) is tracked at a barcoded origin of replication by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled to next-generation sequencing of the barcode in thousands of hydroxyurea-treated yeast mutants. Using this approach, 423 genes that promote Pol ε binding at replication forks were uncovered, including LGE1 and ROX1. Mechanistically, we show that Lge1 affects replication initiation and/or fork stability by promoting Bre1-dependent H2B mono-ubiquitylation. Rox1 affects replication fork progression by regulating S-phase entry and checkpoint activation, hinging on cellular ceramide levels via transcriptional repression of SUR2. Thus, Repli-ID provides a unique resource for the identification and further characterization of factors and pathways involved in the cellular response to DNA replication perturbation.
The hypolipidemic effect of MI-883, the combined CAR agonist/ PXR antagonist, in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia model
Authors: Dusek Jan , Mejdrová Ivana , Dohnalová Klára , Smutny Tomas , Chalupsky Karel , Krutakova Maria , Skoda Josef , Rashidian Azam , Pavkova Ivona , Škach Kryštof , Hricová Jana , Chocholouskova Michaela , Smutna Lucie , Kamaraj Rajamanikkam , Hroch Miloš , Leníček Martin , Mičuda Stanislav , Pijnenburg Dirk , van Beuningen Rinie , Holčapek Michal , Vítek Libor , Ingelman-Sundberg Magnus , Burk Oliver , Kronenberger Thales , Nencka Radim , Pavek Petr
Published: February 2025

Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) are closely related nuclear receptors with overlapping regulatory functions in xenobiotic clearance but distinct roles in endobiotic metabolism. Car activation has been demonstrated to ameliorate hypercholesterolemia by regulating cholesterol metabolism and bile acid elimination, whereas PXR activation is associated with hypercholesterolemia and liver steatosis. Here we show a human CAR agonist/PXR antagonist, MI-883, which effectively regulates genes related to xenobiotic metabolism and cholesterol/bile acid homeostasis by leveraging CAR and PXR interactions in gene regulation. Through comprehensive analyses utilizing lipidomics, bile acid metabolomics, and transcriptomics in humanized PXR-CAR-CYP3A4/3A7 mice fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diets, we demonstrate that MI-883 significantly reduces plasma cholesterol levels and enhances fecal bile acid excretion. This work paves the way for the development of ligands targeting multiple xenobiotic nuclear receptors. Such ligands hold the potential for precise modulation of liver metabolism, offering new therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.
Live imaging of the extracellular matrix with a glycan-binding fluorophore
Authors: Fiore Antonio , Yu Guoqiang , Northey Jason J. , Patel Ronak , Ravenscroft Thomas A. , Ikegami Richard , Kolkman Wiert , Kumar Pratik , Dilan Tanya L. , Ruetten Virginia M. S. , Ahrens Misha B. , Shroff Hari , Wang Shaohe , Weaver Valerie M. , Pedram Kayvon
Published: February 2025

All multicellular systems produce and dynamically regulate extracellular matrices (ECMs) that play essential roles in both biochemical and mechanical signaling. Though the spatial arrangement of these extracellular assemblies is critical to their biological functions, visualization of ECM structure is challenging, in part because the biomolecules that compose the ECM are difficult to fluorescently label individually and collectively. Here, we present a cell-impermeable small-molecule fluorophore, termed Rhobo6, that turns on and red shifts upon reversible binding to glycans. Given that most ECM components are densely glycosylated, the dye enables wash-free visualization of ECM, in systems ranging from in vitro substrates to in vivo mouse mammary tumors. Relative to existing techniques, Rhobo6 provides a broad substrate profile, superior tissue penetration, non-perturbative labeling, and negligible photobleaching. This work establishes a straightforward method for imaging the distribution of ECM in live tissues and organisms, lowering barriers for investigation of extracellular biology.
WAND: A multi-modal dataset integrating advanced MRI, MEG, and TMS for multi-scale brain analysis
Authors: McNabb Carolyn B. , Driver Ian D. , Hyde Vanessa , Hughes Garin , Chandler Hannah L. , Thomas Hannah , Allen Christopher , Messaritaki Eirini , Hodgetts Carl J. , Hedge Craig , Engel Maria , Standen Sophie F. , Morgan Emma L. , Stylianopoulou Elena , Manolova Svetla , Reed Lucie , Ploszajski Matthew , Drakesmith Mark , Germuska Michael , Shaw Alexander D. , Mueller Lars , Rossiter Holly , Davies-Jenkins Christopher W. , Lancaster Tom , Evans C. John , Owen David , Perry Gavin , Kusmia Slawomir , Lambe Emily , Partridge Adam M. , Cooper Allison , Hobden Peter , Lu Hanzhang , Graham Kim S. , Lawrence Andrew D. , Wise Richard G. , Walters James T. R. , Sumner Petroc , Singh Krish D. , Jones Derek K.
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces the Welsh Advanced Neuroimaging Database (WAND), a multi-scale, multi-modal imaging dataset comprising in vivo brain data from 170 healthy volunteers (aged 18–63 years), including 3 Tesla (3 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with ultra-strong (300 mT/m) magnetic field gradients, structural and functional MRI and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T and 7 T, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), together with trait questionnaire and cognitive data. Data are organised using the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS). In addition to raw data, we provide brain-extracted T1-weighted images, and quality reports for diffusion, T1- and T2-weighted structural data, and blood-oxygen level dependent functional tasks. Reasons for participant exclusion are also included. Data are available for download through our GIN repository, a data access management system designed to reduce storage requirements. Users can interact with and retrieve data as needed, without downloading the complete dataset. Given the depth of neuroimaging phenotyping, leveraging ultra-high-gradient, high-field MRI, MEG and TMS, this dataset will facilitate multi-scale and multi-modal investigations of the healthy human brain.