bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of acute high-grade acromioclavicular joint dislocation
Authors: Jeong Jeung Yeol , Chun Yong-Min
Published: September 2020

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations account for about 9% of shoulder injuries. Among them, acute high-grade injury following high-energy trauma accounts for a large proportion of patients requiring surgical treatment. However, there is no gold standard procedure for operative treatment of acute high-grade AC joint injury, and several different procedures have been used for this purpose in clinical practice. This review article summarizes the most recent and relevant surgical options for acute high-grade AC joint dislocation patients and the outcomes of each treatment type.
Results of radial head resection after Mason type 3 or 4 fracture of the elbow
Authors: Mebouinz Ferdinand Nyankoue , Kasse Amadou , Habib Sy Mouhamadou
Published: September 2020

Background: Resection of the radial head is a surgical indication for comminuted radial head fracture in which internal fixation is inaccessible. Some complications from the surgery can alter the function of the patient's elbow. The objective of this study was to assess functional outcome of the elbow after resection of the radial head. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was performed with patients who underwent radial head resection between 2008 and 2018. Elbow function was assessed by the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) for 11 patients comprising three women and eight men. The mean follow-up was 47.6 months. The mean age was 41±10.3 years. Results: Nine patients had a stable and painless elbow. The mean extension-flexion arc was 97.73°±16.03°. The mean values of pronation and supination were 76.8° and 74.5°, respectively. The mean MEPI score was 83.2 points, and restoration of overall function was achieved in 81% of the cases. Poor function was noted in one in 10 that presented with a terrible triad. Conclusions: Resection of the radial head restored elbow functionality at a rate of 81%, which was a good outcome for patients.
Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of rotator cuff tear after shoulder dislocation in a patient older than 40 years
Authors: Kim Jung-Han , Park Jin-Woo , Heo Si-Young , Noh Young-Min
Published: September 2020

Background: This study was designed to evaluate characters of the rotator cuff tear (RCT) recognized after primary shoulder dislocation in patients older than 40. Methods: From 2008 to 2019, patients who visited two hospitals after dislocation were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were patients over 40 who had dislocation, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) undergone. Exclusion criteria were patients who lost to follow-up, combined with any proximal humerus fracture, brachial plexus injury, and previous operation or dislocation history in the ipsilateral shoulder. Also patients who had only bankart or bony bakart lesion in MRI were excluded. We evaluated RCTs that were recognized by MRI after the primary shoulder dislocation with regard to tear size, degree, involved tendons, fatty degeneration, the age when the first dislocation occurred, and the duration until the MRI was evaluated after the dislocation. Results: Fifty-five RCTs were included. According to age groups, the tear size was increased in coronal and sagittal direction, the number of involved tendons was increased, and the degree of fatty degeneration was advanced in infraspinatus muscle. Thirty-two cases (58.2%) conducted MRI after 3 weeks from the first shoulder dislocation event. Conclusions: This group showed that the retraction size of the coronal plane was increased significantly and the fatty accumulation of the supraspinatus muscle had progressed significantly. Age is also a strong factor to affect the feature of RCT after the shoulder dislocation in patients over 40. And the delay of the MRI may deteriorate the degree of tear size and fatty degeneration.
The September 19th, 2017 Puebla, Mexico earthquake
Authors: Roeslin Samuel , Juárez-Garcia Hugón , Elwood Kenneth , Dhakal Rajesh , Gómez-Bernal Alonso
Published: September 2020

This report presents the observations and findings following the 2017 Puebla earthquake that occurred inMexico on September 19th, 2017. The reconnaissance mission was a collaboration between the New ZealandSociety of Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE), the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Azcapotzalco,the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Disaster Reconnaissance team, and the Colegio de Ingenieros Civilesde Mexico (CICM). During the earthquake, 77 buildings suffered partial or total collapse and more than8,000 buildings experienced damage ranging from slight damage to significant structural damage necessitatingdemolition. As observed in previous earthquakes, the unique soil conditions of Mexico City resulted inextensive damage to the city’s infrastructure, primarily due to local site effects. The earthquake causedrelatively more damage to buildings built on transition and soft soil zones (i.e. between hard and deep softsoils) than those on hard soils.The NZSEE and UAM team focussed on areas with widespread and extensive damage. They also assessedthe performance of repaired and retrofitted buildings after the 1985 Michoacán earthquake. It was found thatthe lessons learnt from the 1985 Michoacán earthquake led to some risk mitigation measures which benefitedseveral buildings in the 2017 earthquake. Retrofitted buildings were found to have performed very well withlittle or no damage when compared to other buildings.
Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis—The Updated ATS 2020 Recommendations through the Prism of Everyday Clinical Practice
Authors: Martusewicz-Boros Magdalena , Piotrowski Wojciech
Published: September 2020

Sarcoidosis is a chronic multiorgan granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, which most often involves the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes [...]
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MULTILAYER STRUCTURE OF HARD
COATINGS ON THEIR RESISTANCE TO MICRO-IMPACT FATIGUE
WEAR
Authors: KRUPA Jolanta , WIĄZANIA Grzegorz , ZIMOWSKI Sławomir , KOT Marcin
Published: September 2020

Fatigue cracking of thin hard anti-wear coatings occurs, among others, in the tribological contact of sliding
friction pairs, in the top layers of cutting tools coatings, as well as in the surface of elements subjected to
erosion processes. Coating fatigue wear is initiated as a result of cyclic interactions with micro-roughness
of counterpart or other elements or particles that repeatedly impact the surface. The selection of appropriate
coatings can increase the durability of machine components that are subjected to fatigue impact loads. The
paper presents the results of tests on micro-impact fatigue wear of elements covered with single TiN and
DLC coatings, as well as multi-layer (Ti/TiN)×8 type. Fatigue tests were carried out using the micro-impact
method by cyclic impact of the surface of the coating with a diamond ball. The experiments were performed
using a special laboratory stand. The correlation between fatigue life of coatings and their micromechanical
properties such as Young's modulus and hardness were also examined. The hardness and Young's modulus
were determined by an instrumented indentation method. The test results proved that the (Ti/TiN)×8 multilayer
coating demonstrates wear 1.4 times smaller than the sample with the TiN coating and 1.2 than the sample
with the DLC coating.
THE EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS WITH STERIC HINDRANCE
ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
OF METALWORKING FLUIDS
Authors: SUŁEK Marian Włodzimierz , PRZEPIÓRKA Jacek , KULCZYCKI Andrzej , HRECZUCH Wiesław
Published: September 2020

In earlier studies, it has been postulated that solutions of surfactants should be used as an original solution
for formulation of Metal Working Fluids (MWF) compositions. The negative feature of some of the fluids
was their excessive foamability whose reduction, by introducing hydrophobic foam inhibitors, was limited.
Therefore, a synthesis of new oxyalkylated derivatives of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and sulfosuccinate obtained
from this alcohol was planned. Due to steric hindrance, these compounds exhibit low foamability. Aqueous
solutions of these surfactants were subjected to physicochemical and tribological tests.
TRENDS IN THE PROCESS OF GREENING LUBRICANTS
Authors: ZWIERZYCKI Wiesław , GÓRNY Kasper
Published: September 2020

In this article, the authors have characterized the main activities that reduce the impact of lubricants
on the environment. To begin with, new solutions in the area of engine oils that reduce the emission of
harmful substances in exhaust gases (“Low SAPS” oils) were discussed. Next, the activities concerning
the improvement of biodegradability of lubricating oils used in devices in Nature Reserves, as well as in
all of the “open lubrication systems” were characterized. Another problem was related to the non-toxicity
(and other derivative features) of lubricants that may have incidental contact with a sensitive technological
medium in production processes (in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries). The last issue that
was discussed concerns the compatibility of compressor oils with refrigerants in connection with the global
exchange program of Freon for more environmentally friendly substances (currently, mainly affecting global
warming to a lesser extent).
Invasão de ligustro no sub-bosque de um remanescente de floresta com araucária: uma abordagem demográfica
Authors: Nunes Amanda Da Silva , Higuchi Pedro , Silva Ana Carolina da , Kilca Ricardo De Vargas , Silva Mariele Alves Ferrer da , Rosa Angélica Dalla , Soboleski Vanessa Fátima , Dallabrida Juliana Pizutti , Souza Karine , Cruz Aline Pereira , Lima Carla Luciane , Stedille Lilian Iara Bet , Lemos Angela Camila
Published: September 2020

Espécies invasoras têm ocasionado a perda de biodiversidade no mundo todo por ocuparem o lugar de nativas. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a regeneração natural ao longo do tempo em um fragmento florestal invadido por Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton e Ligustrum sinense Lour. no sul do Brasil, a fim de quantificar essa invasão. Para isso, foram alocadas cinco transecções em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista em Lages (SC), sendo cada transecção dividida em parcelas com diferentes setores de distâncias da borda e em subparcelas para avaliação do componente regenerativo. Em 2012, os regenerantes de espécies arbóreas que se encontravam nas subparcelas foram identificados, plaqueteados e divididos nas seguintes classes: classe 1 _ plantas com altura entre 10 cm e 1 m; classe 2 _ plantas com altura entre 1 e 3 m; classe 3 _ plantas com altura maior que 3 m e diâmetro medido à altura do peito (DAP) menor que 5 cm. Em 2014, esses indivíduos foram reavaliados, contabilizando os indivíduos mortos e recrutas e enquadrando os sobreviventes e recrutas nas atuais classes. Foram calculadas as taxas de mortalidade, recrutamento, mudanças de classe e mudança líquida. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma análise de componentes principais (ACP) e tabela de contingência. Conclui-se que as espécies superaram a fase inicial do processo de invasão, demonstrando elevado incremento populacional na área estudada. Ainda, ficou evidenciado o particionamento espacial entre as espécies nativas e as exóticas, o que sugere a existência de competição interespecífica, cuja consequência pode ser a extinção local de representantes do grupo autóctone.
Multiplication and in vitro rooting of Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. Ex DC.) Mattos
Authors: Máximo Wesley Pires Flausino , Barbosa Sandro , Martins João Paulo Rodrigues , Santos Breno Régis , Beijo Luiz Alberto
Published: September 2020

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência das citocininas durante o estágio de multiplicação in vitro e a combinação entre carvão ativado com o ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) durante o enraizamento in vitro de Handroanthus impetiginosus. Para a multiplicação in vitro, os segmentos nodais dos brotos obtidos a partir do estabelecimento de plântulas in vitro foram inoculados em meio de cultura Woody Plant Medium (WPM), com e sem as seguintes concentrações de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), cinetina (KIN) e tidiazuron (TDZ): 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 8,0 µmol L-1. Para o enraizamento in vitro, brotos foram inoculados em meio WPM contendo combinações entre AIB (1,0; 3,0; 6,0 e 9,0 μmol L-1) e carvão ativado (1,0; 2,0 e 3,0 g L‑1), bem como suas ausências no meio de cultura. O maior número de brotos e gemas foi alcançado após usar 8,0 μmol L-1 de TDZ, enquanto que o melhor enraizamento ocorreu após a adição de 2,0 g L-1 de carvão ativado, independente da concentração de AIB. Nossos resultados mostram que usar TDZ em níveis adequados para o estágio de multiplicação in vitro seguido pelo uso de 2,0 g L-1 de carvão ativado para obter brotos bem enraizados é eficiente para a micropropagação de ipê-roxo de maneira rápida e com baixo custo, além de fornecer conhecimento sobre como manter esta espécie ameaçada de extinção em um ambiente in vitro podendo ajudar outros estudos de conservação.
Correlação das espécies colonizadoras com o substrato em áreas abandonadas por mineração
Authors: Amaral Wander Gladson , Pereira Israel Marinho , Machado Evandro Luiz Mendonça , Amaral Cristiany Silva , Farnezi Mucio Magno de Melo
Published: September 2020

A atividade de mineração, importante para a promoção do crescimento econômico e do bem-estar social, tem sido responsável pela modificação de grandes extensões de paisagens do território nacional. Dessa forma, objetivou-se no presente estudo correlacionar às espécies vegetais em três diferentes sítios de uma área de mineração de ouro abandonada há mais de cem anos. A área em estudo foi estratificada em três sítios, sendo que em cada sítio foram alocadas dez parcelas contiguas de 10x10 m cada, onde foram amostrados e identificados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos com (DAS30≥ 3 cm). Amostras compostas do substrato foram coletadas à profundidade de 0 cm a 20 cm, em cada uma das trinta parcelas e analisados os teores de areia, silte, argila, matéria orgânica, pH, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, S, Al3+, (H +Al), (V%), (SB), CTCa pH 7, (T), CTC efetiva (t) e (m%). Foi analisada a influência de variáveis ambientais sobre a densidade das espécies amostradas, utilizando análise de correspondência canônica, verificando a correlação significativa entre elas (P0,01) pelo teste de Monte-Carlo. Foram encontrados 909 indivíduos, pertencentes a 30 famílias botânicas, 64 gêneros e 86 espécies. As variáveis mais fortemente relacionadas com a vegetação foram silte, pH e V. As espécies Trembleya parviflora, Myrsine guianensi, Trembleya laniflora, Baccharis brachylaenoides, Tibouchina candoleana, Tibouchina mutabilis e Pseudobrickellia angustissima ocorreram de forma mais abundantes em solos com altos valores de pH, saturação por bases e altas proporções de areia, podendo ser consideradas indicadoras desses habitats.
Comparação de análises fitossociológicas e multivariadas na determinação do grau de conservação de áreas nativas de Cerrado
Authors: Rios Jovan Martins , Mariano Gabriel Venâncio Pereira , Silva Vanuza Pereira Garcia da , Santos Lilian Cristina da Silva , Costa João Paulo , Zica Lucas Ribeiro da Silva , Santos Bianca Garcia dos , Santos Ana Flávia Costa , Prado Júnior Jamir Afonso do , Vale Vagner Santiago do
Published: September 2020

A forte pressão antrópica no Cerrado torna necessários estudos para averiguar o nível de conservação de áreas que estão sujeitas a essa atividade. Com isso, objetivo do trabalho foi comparar e avaliar a florística, a estrutura e o grau de conservação de duas áreas adjacentes de Cerrado, sendo uma área de cerrado conservado (CC) e outra de cerrado antropizado (CA). Foram utilizados os parâmetros fitossociológicos convencionais: densidade relativa (DR), dominância relativa (DoR), frequência relativa (FR) e o valor de importância (VI), além dos índices de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener e equitabilidade de Pielou. Foram feitas análises de ordenação pelo método DCA, dendrograma de classificação (UPGMA) a partir dos índices de Sørensen-Dice e Bray-Curtis, além da divisão hierárquica dicotômica por Twinspan. O teste t de Student foi utilizado para comparar as variáveis, classes diamétricas e classes de altura. O cerrado conservado apresentou valores maiores para número de indivíduos, classes diamétricas, área basal e altura. O índice de diversidade por parcelas, número de espécies, indivíduos e área basal total foram diferentes estatisticamente em relação as duas áreas. Através das análises multivariadas foi possível segregar as parcelas com base no grau de conservação, tanto na análise de ordenação (DCA) quanto de classificação (Dendrograma). Os métodos utilizados foram eficientes para demonstrar as diferenças entre as duas áreas, porém a análise multivariada se mostrou eficiente em fornecer maior detalhamento na diferenciação.
Dinâmica espaço-temporal da extração seletiva de madeiras no estado de Mato Grosso entre 1992 e 2016
Authors: Moretti Mariana Soares , Matricardi Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli , Costa Olívia Bueno da , Pedlowski Marcos Antônio , Ferreira Nilson Clementino , Miguel Eder Pereira
Published: September 2020

A extração seletiva de madeiras é uma atividade florestal que inclui a exploração de um grupo de espécies florestais em florestas nativas, normalmente as de maior valor ou interesse comercial. A extração seletiva de madeiras pode ser executada legalmente, em áreas de manejo e de exploração florestal para desmatamentos autorizados ou, ilegalmente, em situações não autorizadas, que ocorrem de forma predatória. No presente estudo, a dinâmica espaço-temporal da extração seletiva de madeiras no estado de Mato Grosso foi avaliada a partir de uma série temporal (de 1992 a 2016) de dados de florestas exploradas seletivamente detectadas, usando dados de sensoriamento remoto. A interpretação visual e a classificação semiautomática de imagens Landsat foram utilizadas para detectar as florestas alteradas por atividades de extração seletiva de madeiras na área de estudo. Com base nos presentes resultados, estimou-se que 41.926 km2 de florestas nativas foram exploradas ao menos uma vez entre 1992 e 2016 em Mato Grosso, com área média anual de 1.747 km2. As florestas exploradas seletivamente e detectadas com distúrbios persistentes ou recorrentes foram mais frequentes nos anos mais recentes desta análise. A maioria das florestas exploradas seletivamente na área e no período de estudo não foram desmatadas até 2016. Esse fato indica que a extração seletiva de madeiras consiste em um fenômeno desagregado do desmatamento no estado de Mato Grosso. Observou-se que uma média de 18 km2.ano-1 e 268,18 km2.ano-1 de florestas foram exploradas seletivamente dentro de Unidades de Conservação e Terras Indígenas, respectivamente, entre 1992 e 2016. As atividades de extração seletiva não apresentaram tendências significativas de aumento ou redução dentro de áreas protegidas no período analisado. As áreas de exploração seletiva de madeira foram persistentemente detectadas nos antigos polos madeireiros localizados na região centro-norte do Estado com, possivelmente, novos ciclos de corte nas áreas manejadas. Mais recentemente, a extração seletiva se expandiu à última fronteira florestal nativa no noroeste do estado de Mato Grosso. Finalmente, concluiu-se que a exploração madeireira impacta grande extensão de florestas nativas anualmente no estado de Mato Grosso e, por isso, precisa ser devidamente considerada e monitorada pelos órgãos ambientais devido aos seus potenciais impactos nas florestas e para apoiar a definição de políticas públicas para garantir a sustentabilidade da produção florestal futura naquele Estado.
Análise da superfície usinada da madeira de clones de Toona ciliata M. Roemer var. australis
Authors: Cruz Thiago Moreira , Borges Cilene Cristina , Duarte Paulo Junio , Simetti Rodrigo , Rosado Sebastião Carlos da Silva , Silva José Reinaldo Moreira da
Published: September 2020

O uso e os custos de produtos de madeira sólida estão diretamente ligados ao grau de qualidade da matéria-prima. O mercado moveleiro é exemplo disso, pois quanto melhor a qualidade superficial da madeira, maior será seu valor comercial. Conhecer o comportamento da madeira durante o processo de usinagem é um importante parâmetro para caracterizar e dar usos específicos para cada espécie. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da superfície da madeira de clones de Toona ciliata M. Roemer var. australis, seus potenciais usos após o processo de usinagem e definir, entre os clones avaliados, o de melhor qualidade superficial. Para isso, foram selecionadas trinta e cinco árvores (7 clones x 5 repetições) de um plantio localizado na região sul de Minas Gerais, das quais retirou-se toras de 1m de comprimento (0,3 a1,3 m a partir da base), e posteriormente desdobrando-se em tábuas. A secagem ocorreu nas condições ambientais de sombra e ao ar livre, até atingir a umidade de equilíbrio. O processo de usinagem (plaina e desengrosso) das tábuas ocorreu nas velocidades de avanço de 6 m.min-1 e 30 m.min-1. As avaliações da qualidade da superfície ocorreram de forma visual, conforme a norma ASTM D-1666 (2011) e pelo ensaio de rugosidade da superfície. Constatou-se que, dentre os sete clones estudados, o de número 1 apresentou maior qualidade de superfície na usinagem e, de modo geral, com o aumento da velocidade de avanço, houve redução da qualidade da superfície.
Infancias chilenas y multipantalla. Plataforma digital Novasur y su diversidad de contenidos
Authors: Villarrubia-Martínez Andrea , Aguaded Gómez Ignacio , Delgado-Ponce Águeda
Published: September 2020

Las plataformas digitales constituyen tanto un desafío como una oportunidad para que los medios de servicio público presenten su oferta en el escenario convergente. Novasur, televisión infantil del Consejo Nacional de Televisión, ha sido pionera al convertirse en la primera y única plataforma pública digital chilena dirigida a las infancias, contando con un canal vía streaming, una videoteca con más de 2.000 audiovisuales y materiales educomunicativos. Hoy bajo el nombre de CNTV Infantil, enfrenta la transición a la TV digital, el debate sobre el financiamiento estatal a las señales públicas y los cambios en la dieta medial de las infancias asociadas a convergencia: las posibilidades de acceder a contenidos de todo el mundo, como de producirlos. Con el objetivo de conocer la diversidad de Novasur en su misión de servicio público, describimos su oferta de producciones audiovisuales. A través del análisis de contenido se estudió una muestra de 2.264 programas y se realizó un análisis cualitativo de 24 series. Los resultados muestran que Novasur aprovecha la oportunidad que ofrece la multipantalla para mostrar la diversidad de las infancias chilenas al considerar subgrupos etarios, género, la pertenencia a pueblos originarios, condición de migrantes y otros rasgos habitualmente excluidos de la televisión. Concluimos que desarrollar estrategias para mantener esta oferta pública –como rentabilizar sus recursos mediante la coproducción internacional con otras señales latinoamericanas y garantizar la continuidad a través del financiamiento estatal estable–, permitirá reflejar a infancias todavía invisibilizadas y desarrollar una plataforma más participativa acorde con el panorama mundial.
On a Municipality-Wide Scale. Social Media Use in Italian Municipalities: Information and Interaction
Authors: Solito Laura , Materassi Letizia
Published: September 2020

The contribution aims at investigating the role of social media in the Italian local governments in the «maturity models» scenario, between informative and interactive use of digital media. In particular, the paper presents the results of a pilot study on a little sample of Italian municipalities who usually adopt their Facebook profiles to communicate with citizens. Even if many empirical works are devoted to this issue, less attention is paid at the citizens’ needs and expectations in literature. The article has the purpose to provide a better understanding of citizens’ behaviors on institutional Fb’s pages with the wider purpose to explore what «information» and «interaction» mean in the specific relationship citizen- municipal in a digital environment. As findings suggest, the information-based use of social media is necessary to improve citizens’ quality of life and their effective use of public services. Municipalities, exploiting their «proximity», have a pivotal role as «hub of information», through the integration and reconnection of information contents whether self-produced or produced by other stakeholders.
QUALITATIVE ESTIMATION OF ROUGHNESS USING AUTOMATIC LEARNING ALGORITHMS IN A DRILLING OPERATION
Authors: DUO AITOR , DOMINGUEZ ROMERO ERIKA , AZPITARTE ARANZABAL LARRAITZ , APERRIBAY ZUBIA JAVIER , CUESTA ZABALJAUREGUI MIKEL , BASAGOITI ASTIGARRAGA ROSA , ARRAZOLA ARRIOLA PEDRO JOSE , GARAY ARAICO AINHARA
Published: September 2020

Within the framework of industry 4.0, the aim is to develop collaborative human-machine environments in order to achieve greater adaptability to the variability of cutting processes by making efficient use of available resources. For this, the use of the existing information in the data obtained from the cutting processes is fundamental. The control and visualization of scientific parameters (acoustic emissions, cutting powers, vibrations, shear forces...) related to industrial parameters (tool wear, roughness, microstructure...) in drilling processes is of great importance. Drilling processes are carried out in the final stages of the production of a part, which often results in a critical operation. Using an experimental setup, where both internal signals and the acoustic emissions signal are acquired and through the use of automatic learning algorithms, a qualitative estimate of the quality of the hole made is performed. Given the demands of sectors in which it is necessary to check the roughness of the machined surface and taking into account the requirements to be met by manufacturing companies, obtaining an indicator of the state of the machined surface is an advantage in terms of decision-making.

Keywords: Roughness, acoustic-emission, machine-learning, drilling
COMPOSITION AND SURFACE STATE INFLUENCE IN LASER PROCESS FOR STEEL SHEETS
Authors: RAMOS JOANA , FIGUERAS JORDI , MORALEJO SONIA , LAMIKIZ MENTXAKA AITZOL
Published: September 2020

Laser cutting process is highly influenced by material composition and surface state before cutting. Variability in these elements involve changes in cutting parameter values (productivity) and cut quality (part acceptance or rejection).
The vast majority of studies on this matter have been conducted employing CO2 lasers, therefore, the aim of this analysis is to complete existing literature and update it with actual industrial trends which move towards the use of fibre lasers.
For this purpose, behaviour of three steel types with thicknesses of 6mm, 10mm and 15mm has been analysed, using the sheets just as they left the mill, with a superficial machining and superficial rust. Quality of obtained parts has been measured visually and through a confocal microscope, comparing roughness results with the standard UNE-EN ISO 9013 for thermal cuts.
Results have revealed three different existing quality zones (upper, centre, bottom) for thick materials. Differences in quality and cutting parameter values between pickled steel and Hardox have been noticed, but not between pickled steel and Ruukki. Moreover, significant variations in cutting process have been observed when previous superficial rust is present, while machined surface has no effect on it.

Keywords: laser cutting, fiber laser, steel, composition, surface state, surface finish, cutting parameters, edge quality
IMPACT OF UNCERTAINTY IN A MULTI-STAGE STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION MODEL
Authors: GOMEZ ROCHA JOSE EMMANUEL , RIVERA GOMEZ HECTOR , HERNANDEZ GRESS EVA SELENE , ORTEGA REYES ANTONIO OSWALDO
Published: September 2020

Aggregate production plans play a very important role in the industry, typically being carried out in periods of 3 to 18 months, Jamalnia et al. These plans determine optimal levels of production, hiring, firing, inventory, delays, subcontracting, etc. Zanjani et al. A multi-stage stochastic model was developed and applied to the aggregate production planning of a furniture company where the random variable is production capacity.
Axonal mechanisms mediating γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABA-A) inhibition of striatal dopamine release
Authors: Kramer Paul F , Twedell Emily L , Shin Jung Hoon , Zhang Renshu , Khaliq Zayd M
Published: September 2020

Axons of dopaminergic neurons innervate the striatum where they contribute to movement and reinforcement learning. Past work has shown that striatal GABA tonically inhibits dopamine release, but whether GABA-A receptors directly modulate transmission or act indirectly through circuit elements is unresolved. Here, we use whole-cell and perforated-patch recordings to test for GABA-A receptors on the main dopaminergic neuron axons and branching processes within the striatum of adult mice. Application of GABA depolarized axons, but also decreased the amplitude of axonal spikes, limited propagation and reduced striatal dopamine release. The mechanism of inhibition involved sodium channel inactivation and shunting. Lastly, we show the positive allosteric modulator diazepam enhanced GABA-A currents on dopaminergic axons and directly inhibited release, but also likely acts by reducing excitation from cholinergic interneurons. Thus, we reveal the mechanisms of GABA-A receptor modulation of dopamine release and provide new insights into the actions of benzodiazepines within the striatum.
Recurrent processes support a cascade of hierarchical decisions
Authors: Gwilliams Laura , King Jean-Remi
Published: September 2020

Perception depends on a complex interplay between feedforward and recurrent processing. Yet, while the former has been extensively characterized, the computational organization of the latter remains largely unknown. Here, we use magneto-encephalography to localize, track and decode the feedforward and recurrent processes of reading, as elicited by letters and digits whose level of ambiguity was parametrically manipulated. We first confirm that a feedforward response propagates through the ventral and dorsal pathways within the first 200 ms. The subsequent activity is distributed across temporal, parietal and prefrontal cortices, which sequentially generate five levels of representations culminating in action-specific motor signals. Our decoding analyses reveal that both the content and the timing of these brain responses are best explained by a hierarchy of recurrent neural assemblies, which both maintain and broadcast increasingly rich representations. Together, these results show how recurrent processes generate, over extended time periods, a cascade of decisions that ultimately accounts for subjects’ perceptual reports and reaction times.
Activation of astrocytes in hippocampus decreases fear memory through adenosine A1 receptors
Authors: Li Yulan , Li Lixuan , Wu Jintao , Zhu Zhenggang , Feng Xiang , Qin Liming , Zhu Yuwei , Sun Li , Liu Yijun , Qiu Zilong , Duan Shumin , Yu Yan-Qin
Published: September 2020

Astrocytes respond to and regulate neuronal activity, yet their role in mammalian behavior remains incompletely understood. Especially unclear is whether, and if so how, astrocyte activity regulates contextual fear memory, the dysregulation of which leads to pathological fear-related disorders. We generated GFAP-ChR2-EYFP rats to allow the specific activation of astrocytes in vivo by optogenetics. We found that after memory acquisition within a temporal window, astrocyte activation disrupted memory consolidation and persistently decreased contextual but not cued fear memory accompanied by reduced fear-related anxiety behavior. In vivo microdialysis experiments showed astrocyte photoactivation increased extracellular ATP and adenosine concentrations. Intracerebral blockade of adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) reversed the attenuation of fear memory. Furthermore, intracerebral or intraperitoneal injection of A1R agonist mimicked the effects of astrocyte activation. Therefore, our findings provide a deeper understanding of the astrocyte-mediated regulation of fear memory and suggest a new and important therapeutic strategy against pathological fear-related disorders.
KATANIN-dependent mechanical properties of the stigmatic cell wall mediate the pollen tube path in Arabidopsis
Authors: Riglet Lucie , Rozier Frédérique , Kodera Chie , Bovio Simone , Sechet Julien , Fobis-Loisy Isabelle , Gaude Thierry
Published: September 2020

Successful fertilization in angiosperms depends on the proper trajectory of pollen tubes through the pistil tissues to reach the ovules. Pollen tubes first grow within the cell wall of the papilla cells, applying pressure to the cell. Mechanical forces are known to play a major role in plant cell shape by controlling the orientation of cortical microtubules (CMTs), which in turn mediate deposition of cellulose microfibrils (CMFs). Here, by combining imaging, genetic and chemical approaches, we show that isotropic reorientation of CMTs and CMFs in aged Col-0 andkatanin1-5(ktn1-5) papilla cells is accompanied by a tendency of pollen tubes to coil around the papillae. We show that this coiled phenotype is associated with specific mechanical properties of the cell walls that provide less resistance to pollen tube growth. Our results reveal an unexpected role for KTN1 in pollen tube guidance on the stigma by ensuring mechanical anisotropy of the papilla cell wall.
Ordered dephosphorylation initiated by the selective proteolysis of cyclin B drives mitotic exit
Authors: Holder James , Mohammed Shabaz , Barr Francis A
Published: September 2020

APC/C-mediated proteolysis of cyclin B and securin promotes anaphase entry, inactivating CDK1 and permitting chromosome segregation, respectively. Reduction of CDK1 activity relieves inhibition of the CDK1-counteracting phosphatases PP1 and PP2A-B55, allowing wide-spread dephosphorylation of substrates. Meanwhile, continued APC/C activity promotes proteolysis of other mitotic regulators. Together, these activities orchestrate a complex series of events during mitotic exit. However, the relative importance of regulated proteolysis and dephosphorylation in dictating the order and timing of these events remains unclear. Using high temporal-resolution proteomics, we compare the relative extent of proteolysis and protein dephosphorylation. This reveals highly-selective rapid proteolysis of cyclin B, securin and geminin at the metaphase-anaphase transition, followed by slow proteolysis of other substrates. Dephosphorylation requires APC/C-dependent destruction of cyclin B and was resolved into PP1-dependent categories with unique sequence motifs. We conclude that dephosphorylation initiated by selective proteolysis of cyclin B drives the bulk of changes observed during mitotic exit.
Does culture shape hunting behavior in bonobos?
Authors: Whiten Andrew
Published: September 2020

New evidence that neighboring communities of bonobos hunt different prey species, despite extensive overlaps in where they live and hunt, is difficult to explain without invoking cultural factors.
Genomic diversity and evolution, diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutics of the pandemic COVID-19 disease
Authors: Hoque M. Nazmul , Chaudhury Abed , Akanda Md Abdul Mannan , Hossain M. Anwar , Islam Md Tofazzal
Published: September 2020

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by a novel evolutionarily divergent RNA virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and subsequently spreaded around the world. Genomic analyses revealed that this zoonotic virus may be evolved naturally but not a purposefully manipulated laboratory construct. However, currently available data are not sufficient to precisely conclude the origin of this fearsome virus. Comprehensive annotations of the whole-genomes revealed hundreds of nucleotides, and amino acids mutations, substitutions and/or deletions at different positions of the ever changing SARS-CoV-2 genome. The spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 possesses a functional polybasic (furin) cleavage site at the S1-S2 boundary through the insertion of 12 nucleotides. It leads to the predicted acquisition of 3-O-linked glycan around the cleavage site. Although real-time RT-PCR methods targeting specific gene(s) have widely been used to diagnose the COVID-19 patients, however, recently developed more convenient, cheap, rapid, and specific diagnostic tools targeting antigens or CRISPR-Cas-mediated method or a newly developed plug and play method should be available for the resource-poor developing countries. A large number of candidate drugs, vaccines and therapies have shown great promise in early trials, however, these candidates of preventive or therapeutic agents have to pass a long path of trials before being released for the practical application against COVID-19. This review updates current knowledge on origin, genomic evolution, development of the diagnostic tools, and the preventive or therapeutic remedies of the COVID-19. We also discussed the future scopes for research, effective management, and surveillance of the newly emerged COVID-19 disease.
Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of R2R3-MYB transcription factor genes from two Orchid species
Authors: Fan Honghong , Cui Manli , Li Ninghong , Li Xujuan , Liang Yuxuan , Liu Lin , Cai Yongping , Lin Yi
Published: September 2020

MYB transcription factors play important roles in different plant biological processes during plant growth, development and stress response. In this study, 101 (DoMYB1-101) and 99 (PaMYB1-99)R2R3-MYBgenes were identified in the genomes ofDendrobium officinaleandPhalaenopsis aphrodite, respectively. To classify the isolated candidate genes, theR2R3-MYBgenes fromA. thalianawere selected as references. As a result, all identifiedDoMYBandPaMYBgenes were classified into 22 subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that S21 had the largest number of members of all the subfamilies. The numbers of introns, exons and conserved sequences in all of the identified genes are different. In addition, 20DoMYBgenes from six subfamilies were selected for further analysis of tissue-specific expression and responses to various abiotic stresses treatments. The results showed that all of theDoMYBgenes in S4 and S19 subfamilies exhibited the highest relative expression levels in flowers. And fiveDoMYBgenes includingDoMYB31,DoMYB40, DoMYB49,DoMYB52andDoMYB54, responded to the stress response. These results may provide useful information for further studies of the R2R3-MYB gene family.
Identification of risk factors for mortality associated with COVID-19
Authors: Yu Yuetian , Zhu Cheng , Yang Luyu , Dong Hui , Wang Ruilan , Ni Hongying , Chen Erzhen , Zhang Zhongheng
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic outbreak. Risk stratification at hospital admission is of vital importance for medical decision making and resource allocation. There is no sophisticated tool for this purpose. This study aimed to develop neural network models with predictors selected by genetic algorithms (GA).

Methods

This study was conducted in Wuhan Third Hospital from January 2020 to March 2020. Predictors were collected on day 1 of hospital admission. The primary outcome was the vital status at hospital discharge. Predictors were selected by using GA, and neural network models were built with the cross-validation method. The final neural network models were compared with conventional logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 246 patients with COVID-19 were included for analysis. The mortality rate was 17.1% (42/246). Non-survivors were significantly older (median (IQR): 69 (57, 77) vs. 55 (41, 63) years; p < 0.001), had higher high-sensitive troponin I (0.03 (0, 0.06) vs. 0 (0, 0.01) ng/L; p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (85.75 (57.39, 164.65) vs. 23.49 (10.1, 53.59) mg/L; p < 0.001), D-dimer (0.99 (0.44, 2.96) vs. 0.52 (0.26, 0.96) mg/L; p < 0.001), and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (306.5 (268.75, 377.25) vs. 194.5 (160.75, 247.5); p < 0.001) and a lower level of lymphocyte count (0.74 (0.41, 0.96) vs. 0.98 (0.77, 1.26) × 109/L; p < 0.001) than survivors. The GA identified a 9-variable (NNet1) and a 32-variable model (NNet2). The NNet1 model was parsimonious with a cost on accuracy; the NNet2 model had the maximum accuracy. NNet1 (AUC: 0.806; 95% CI [0.693–0.919]) and NNet2 (AUC: 0.922; 95% CI [0.859–0.985]) outperformed the linear regression models.

Conclusions

Our study included a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Several risk factors were identified considering both clinical and statistical significance. We further developed two neural network models, with the variables selected by using GA. The model performs much better than the conventional generalized linear models.
Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Problem-Based Learning in Nursing Students
Authors: Song Yeoungsuk , Park Seurk
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the effectiveness of problem-based learning in developing student nurses’ critical thinking, problem solving, and self-directed learning.Methods: To conduct the meta-analysis, 1,963 studies were retrieved from eight databases (Pubmed, EMbase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, KERIS, KISS, NDSL, KoreaMed) without restriction on publication year. Articles published up to March 2019 were selected for this study. Fourteen studies were selected for meta-analysis based on satisfaction of inclusion criteria and low risk of bias. Baseline demographic data, exercise features, and outcome data were extracted from all trials included. The data was analyzed using the RevMan 5.3 program.Results: Most studies were of low risk of bias. The pooled effect size showed problem-based learning was able to improve nursing students’ critical thinking (ES=0.29, 95% Cl=0.04~0.54, p=.002), problem solving (ES=0.39, 95% Cl=-0.09~0.87, p=.11), and self-directed learning (ES=0.35, 95% Cl=-0.22~0.91, p=.23) compared with traditional lectures.Conclusion: PBL help improve the critical thinking in nursing students. Although problem solving and self directed learning were not affected, more research with a larger sample size and repeated meta-analysis of PBL are required.
Effects of Functions of Daily Living, Depression, and Anxiety on Catastrophizing Pain among Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Surgery
Authors: Yoon Jeong Eun , Cho Ok-Hee
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of daily life functions, anxiety, and depression on pain catastrophizing among patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive research. The participants were 136 patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery at one general hospital. They were surveyed using structured questionnaires on daily life functions, anxiety, and depression related to pain catastrophizing. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.Results: The results indicate that pain catastrophizing was negatively correlated with all sub-domains of daily life functions, such as low back pain, low back function, gait ability, social life functions, and mental health, whereas it was positively correlated with anxiety and depression. However, only mental health, a sub-domain of daily life functions after surgery, was found to have a significant effect on pain catastrophizing.Conclusion: This study confirmed that mental health-related daily life functions after surgery were predictors of pain catastrophizing. Therefore, to alleviate pain catastrophizing in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgery, it is necessary to develop nursing interventions that can assist with mental health-related daily life functions after surgery as well as physical recovery.
Economia colaborativa e destinos turísticos urbanos
Authors: Lobo Yure Sousa
Published: September 2020

O estudo centra-se na expressão espacial da Airbnb e nos anúncios contidos na plataforma para investigar a interrelação entre a distribuição espacial da oferta Airbnb e a dinâmica urbano-turística de Curitiba. O método adotado foi o quantitativo, por meio da análise espacial de dados e da estatística descritiva, utilizando fonte de dados digitais (AirDNA, 2017). Os resultados destacam a compreensão das dinâmicas da Airbnb com o espaço urbano-turístico; a indicação de que a oferta Airbnb não representa uma ameaça à ocupação hoteleira convencional; a ocorrência de múltiplos anúncios de um mesmo anfitrião como indicativo de externalidade negativa; a ocorrência do reforço da centralidade como elemento comum na análise da distribuição espacial da oferta Airbnb e das regiões com os melhores índices socioeconômicos; e, a eminência de novos atores na dinâmica turística local. As implicações teóricas ressaltam as relações complexas entre produtores, consumidores, comunidade local e organizações públicas inseridas no contexto da economia colaborativa e, a contribuição para as discussões sobre o planejamento territorial do turismo no âmbito local. A conclusão aponta que a distribuição espacial da Airbnb borra os limites do que seria o espaço turístico "por excelência" de Curitiba, considerando novos usos do espaço e seu potencial de inter-relação.
Viagens e turismo
Authors: Trigo Luiz Gonzaga Godoi
Published: September 2020

Esse artigo abrange uma análise dos meus principais textos, produzidos ao longo dos últimos 30 anos. É uma tentativa de avaliar como esses textos interpretaram as diversas facetas do setor de viagens e turismo, desde o contexto internacional que influenciou a pesquisa e o ensino do turismo no Brasil, até as diversas características, positivas e negativas, dos cenários brasileiros em que o turismo teve um difícil e acidentado desenvolvimento, apesar do entusiasmo pueril que ainda cerca sua operação, gestão e até mesmo a pesquisa. São comentados alguns pontos críticos e as polêmicas que marcaram essas últimas décadas do turismo no Brasil, inclusive alguns de seus “mitos” ou “dogmas” que fazem parte de sua história. Finalmente, analisa-se como a pandemia da Covid-19 repentinamente truncou o sistema global de viagens e turismo, levando o imenso setor à sua maior crise desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O que fica evidente ao longo desses anos é a intensidade e velocidade das mudanças disruptivas, já detectadas nos textos das décadas de 1980 e 1990, que atingiram proporções cada vez mais impactantes ao longo do século XXI.
Sensitivity Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Epidemic Model
Authors: Akinboro Folahan S. , Kehinde O. O. , Alao S. , Adediipo A. D.
Published: September 2020

The aim of this work is to carry out detailed sensitivity analysis of each parameter in order to know their relative importance in the epidemiological model. This mathematical model for hepatitis B virus is a system of non-linear differential equations which represents the interaction between diseases classes and other epidemiological parameters. The disease free equilibrium points and basic reproduction number of the cases were analyzed using the next generation matrix method.  Sensitivity analysis of with respect to the model parameters was carried out using normalized forward sensitivity index with graphical illustrations for clarity on the effects of these parameters. This analysis showed transmission rate  as the most sensitive parameter which means a reduction to zero of the transmission rate could lead to eradicating HBV infection. It was deduced that sensitivity analysis of these model parameters gives an insight into how best the spread of Hepatitis B Virus could be curtailed.