bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coping Strategies in Adolescents Who Self-Harm
Authors: Guerreiro Diogo F. , Figueira Maria Luisa , Cruz Diana , Sampaio Daniel
Published: December 2014

Background: Adolescent self-harm (SH) is a major public health concern, associated with poor outcomes. The use of ineffective coping is often referred to in explanatory models of adolescent SH. Aims: To assess the relationship between SH and coping strategies in a large sample of school-aged adolescents. Method: A sample of public school students (n = 1,713), aged between 12 and 20 years, were examined using an anonymously completed questionnaire. SH was defined according to strict criteria through a two-stage procedure. Study participants were divided into two groups: no self-harm and lifetime self-harm. The differences between groups were explored, including logistic regression analyses (controlling for anxiety and depression effects), to reveal which coping strategies better predicted lifetime SH. Results: The use of nonproductive strategies was associated with SH in both genders, particularly self-blame and tension reduction. Strategies involving consulting significant others for support were used less in the SH group, especially among male subjects. The preferential use of a productive coping style was negatively associated with the SH group in both genders. Conclusion: The results support previous data regarding a different pattern of coping strategies used by adolescents who harm themselves. The use of self-rating instruments and the cross-sectional nature of the study limit our results.
L-Carnitine Enhances Axonal Plasticity and Improves White-Matter Lesions after Chronic Hypoperfusion in Rat Brain
Authors: Ueno Yuji , Koike Masato , Shimada Yoshiaki , Shimura Hideki , Hira Kenichiro , Tanaka Ryota , Uchiyama Yasuo , Hattori Nobutaka , Urabe Takao
Published: December 2014

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion causes white-matter lesions (WMLs) with oxidative stress and cognitive impairment. However, the biologic mechanisms that regulate axonal plasticity under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion have not been fully investigated. Here, we investigated whether L-carnitine, an antioxidant agent, enhances axonal plasticity and oligodendrocyte expression, and explored the signaling pathways that mediate axonal plasticity in a rat chronic hypoperfusion model. Adult male Wistar rats subjected to ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries (LBCCA) were treated with or without L-carnitine. L-carnitine-treated rats exhibited significantly reduced escape latency in the Morris water maze task at 28 days after chronic hypoperfusion. Western blot analysis indicated that L-carnitine increased levels of phosphorylated high-molecular weight neurofilament (pNFH), concurrent with a reduction in phosphorylated phosphatase tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and increased phosphorylated Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) at 28 days after chronic hypoperfusion. L-carnitine reduced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage, and enhanced oligodendrocyte marker expression and myelin sheath thickness after chronic hypoperfusion. L-carnitine regulates the PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and enhances axonal plasticity while concurrently ameliorating oxidative stress and increasing oligodendrocyte myelination of axons, thereby improving WMLs and cognitive impairment in a rat chronic hypoperfusion model.
Pressure–temperature evolution of primordial solar system solids during impact-induced compaction
Authors: Bland P. A. , Collins G. S. , Davison T. M. , Abreu N. M. , Ciesla F. J. , Muxworthy A. R. , Moore J.
Published: December 2014

Prior to becoming chondritic meteorites, primordial solids were a poorly consolidated mix of mm-scale igneous inclusions (chondrules) and high-porosity sub-μm dust (matrix). We used high-resolution numerical simulations to track the effect of impact-induced compaction on these materials. Here we show that impact velocities as low as 1.5 km s−1 were capable of heating the matrix to >1,000 K, with pressure–temperature varying by >10 GPa and >1,000 K over ~100 μm. Chondrules were unaffected, acting as heat-sinks: matrix temperature excursions were brief. As impact-induced compaction was a primary and ubiquitous process, our new understanding of its effects requires that key aspects of the chondrite record be re-evaluated: palaeomagnetism, petrography and variability in shock level across meteorite groups. Our data suggest a lithification mechanism for meteorites, and provide a ‘speed limit’ constraint on major compressive impacts that is inconsistent with recent models of solar system orbital architecture that require an early, rapid phase of main-belt collisional evolution.
In Silico Organ Modelling in Predicting Efficacy and Safety of New Medicines
Authors: Rodriguez Blanca
Published: December 2014

The development of new medicines faces important challenges due to difficulties in the assessment of their efficacy and their safety in the targeted human population. In silico approaches through the use of mathematical modelling and computer simulations are increasingly being used to overcome some of the limitations of current experimental methods used in the development of new medicines. This chapter describes state-of-the-art in silico approaches for the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of medicines targeting important causes of mortality such as cardiovascular disease. Firstly, we describe the in silico multi-scale mathematical models and simulation techniques required to describe drug-induced effects on physiological systems such as the heart from the subcellular to the whole organ level. Then we illustrate the power of in silico approaches used to augment experimental and clinical investigations, by providing the framework to unravel multi-scale mechanisms underlying variability in the response to medicines and to focus on effects in human rather than animal models. We devote the last part of the chapter to discussing the process of validation of in silico models and simulations, which is key in building up their credibility.
Simultaneous determination of twenty-six components of Flos Lonicerae japonicae–Fructus Forsythiae herb couple using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS: application to its preparations
Authors: Zhou Wei , Shan Jinjun , Ju Wenzheng , Wang Shouchuan , Meng Minxin , Cai Baochang , Di Liuqing
Published: December 2014

In this study, we developed a method using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS to simultaneously determine the 26-components of Flos Lonicerae japonicae–Fructus Forsythiae herb couple with a run time of only 8 min.
Humidity effects on resolution and sensitivity of UV-FAIMS in VOCs detection
Authors: Wang Hong-Wei , Chen Chi-Lai , Liu You-Jiang , Zhang Xiao-Tian , Kong De-Yi , Wang Xiao-Zhi , Luo Ji-Kui
Published: December 2014

Humidity is a key environmental parameter for VOCs detection technology. A study of the effects of humidity on both resolution and sensitivity of UV-FAIMS was performed at ambient temperature and pressure.
Parafilm-assisted microdissection: a sampling method for mass spectrometry-based identification of differentially expressed prostate cancer protein biomarkers
Authors: Quanico J. , Franck J. , Gimeno J. P. , Sabbagh R. , Salzet M. , Day R. , Fournier I.
Published: December 2014

Profiling of tumors using a combined MALDI MS imaging and parafilm-assisted microdissection (PAM) workflow identified candidate biomarkers of prostate cancer.
Chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed Friedel–Crafts alkylation of electron-rich arenes with in situ-generated ortho-quinone methides: highly enantioselective synthesis of diarylindolylmethanes and triarylmethanes
Authors: Saha Satyajit , Alamsetti Santosh Kumar , Schneider Christoph
Published: December 2014

Hydrogen-bonded, in situ-generated ortho-quinone methides undergo highly enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reactions with indoles and naphthols under mild reaction conditions.
A polycation-induced secondary assembly of amphiphilic calixarene and its multi-stimuli responsive gelation behavior
Authors: Wang Kun-Peng , Chen Yong , Liu Yu
Published: December 2014

A calixarene-based supramolecular hydrogel with reversible or irreversible gelation behaviors in response to external stimuli constructed via a hierarchical induced assembly strategy.
A novel one-pot method for the synthesis of substituted furopyridines: iodine-mediated oxidation of enaminones by tandem metal-free cyclization
Authors: Yan Rulong , Li Xiaoni , Yang Xiaodong , Kang Xing , Xiang Likui , Huang Guosheng
Published: December 2014

A novel iodine-mediated oxidative tandem cyclization reaction of simple enaminones has been developed for the synthesis of substituted furopyridines through C–C/C–N/C–O bond formation in a one-pot procedure.
Following the aggregation of human prion protein on Au(111) surface in real-time
Authors: Wang Bin , Guo Cunlan , Lou Zhichao , Xu Bingqian
Published: December 2014

The mechanism of prion protein (PrP) aggregation on an Au(111) surface was determined by combining AFM real-time imaging with molecular dynamics and docking simulations.
Structure of palladium nanoparticles under oxidative conditions
Authors: Popa Cristina , Zhu Tianwei , Tranca Ionut , Kaghazchi Payam , Jacob Timo , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: December 2014

Using density functional theory (DFT) and thermodynamic considerations we study the shape and stability of Pd nanoparticles in oxygen-lean and oxygen-rich atmospheres.
Impact of the plasmonic near- and far-field resonance-energy shift on the enhancement of infrared vibrational signals
Authors: Vogt Jochen , Huck Christian , Neubrech Frank , Toma Andrea , Gerbert David , Pucci Annemarie
Published: December 2014

SEIRA signals have a Fano-type line shape and the enhancement maximum is red shifted compared to the plasmonic far-field resonance.
Synthesis and characterization of μ-nitrido, μ-carbido and μ-oxo dimers of iron octapropylporphyrazine
Authors: Colomban Cédric , Kudrik Evgeny V. , Tyurin Dmitry V. , Albrieux Florian , Nefedov Sergei E. , Afanasiev Pavel , Sorokin Alexander B.
Published: December 2014

The structural and electronic properties of single-atom bridged diiron macrocyclic complexes are determined by the nature of the bridge.
NMR, DFT and luminescence studies of the complexation of V(v) oxoions in solution with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate
Authors: Ramos M. Luísa , Justino Licínia L. G. , Fonseca Sofia M. , Burrows Hugh D.
Published: December 2014

The complexation of vanadium(v) with 8-HQS is accompanied by marked changes in the multinuclear NMR and UV/visible absorption spectra of 8-HQS, but does not lead to a significant increase in fluorescence.
Donor–acceptor cocrystal based on hexakis(alkoxy)triphenylene and perylenediimide derivatives with an ambipolar transporting property
Authors: Su Yajun , Li Yan , Liu Jiangang , Xing Rubo , Han Yanchun
Published: December 2014

An organic donor–acceptor cocrystal with an ambipolar transporting property based on EP-PDI and H6TP was fabricated.
In situ synthesis of a NiS/Ni3S2 nanorod composite array on Ni foil as a FTO-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Liao Yongping , Pan Kai , Pan Qingjiang , Wang Guofeng , Zhou Wei , Fu Honggang
Published: December 2014

A NiS/Ni3S2 nanorod composite array that directly grows on Ni foil has been used as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells; these nickel sulfide nanorods exhibit excellent photo-electrical conversion efficiency when compared with conventional noble-metal Pt electrodes.
Copper(ii)-catalyzed coupling reaction: an efficient and regioselective approach to N′,N′-diaryl acylhydrazines
Authors: Zhang Ji-Quan , Huang Gong-Bin , Weng Jiang , Lu Gui , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: December 2014

An efficient and regioselective copper(ii)-catalyzed coupling reaction of N′-aryl acylhydrazines for the synthesis of N′,N′-diaryl acylhydrazines has been developed.
Iron chelation and liver disease healing activity of edible mushroom (Cantharellus cibarius), in vitro and in vivo assays
Authors: Khalili Masoumeh , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali , Kosaryan Mehrnoush , Abbasi Ali , Azadbakht Mohammad
Published: December 2014

Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts ofCantharellus cibariusshow significant iron chelation activities bothin vitroandin vivo. The methanolic extract is more efficient in chelation of excessive iron from plasma and liver.
Tailoring the photo-Fenton activity of spinel ferrites (MFe2O4) by incorporating different cations (M = Cu, Zn, Ni and Co) in the structure
Authors: Sharma Rimi , Bansal S. , Singhal Sonal
Published: December 2014

An insight into the influence of cation on photo-Fenton activity of visible light active magnetic nanospinel ferrites having general formula MFe2O4 (M = Cu, Zn, Ni and Co).
A comprehensive examination of the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of chiral amides via achiral, laboratory-routine, gravity-driven column chromatography
Authors: Suzuki Yuya , Han Jianlin , Kitagawa Osamu , Aceña José Luis , Klika Karel D. , Soloshonok Vadim A.
Published: December 2014

The behavior of a series of chiral amides during column chromatography using an achiral stationary phase revealed that a self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) was always observed regardless of amide structure or chromatographic conditions.
Low temperature electrolysis for iron production via conductive colloidal electrode
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhu Yi , Wu Qiuyang , Gratz Eric , Wang Yan
Published: December 2014

In the process of low temperature electrolysis of Fe2O3, an electrical-ionic conductive colloidal electrode containing the electrochemically active species, the liquid electrolyte and a percolating electrical conductor has been successfully fabricated and used to produce Fe.
Discovery of potent inhibitors of human β-tryptase from pre-equilibrated dynamic combinatorial libraries
Authors: Jiang Qian-Qian , Sicking Wilhelm , Ehlers Martin , Schmuck Carsten
Published: December 2014

Pre-equilibrated combinatorial libraries based on multivalent peptide acyl hydrazones were used to find potent inhibitors of β-tryptase. The best inhibitors bind to the protein surface, and inhibit β-tryptase with nanomolar affinity (Kica. 10 nM) and high selectivity in a reversible and non-competitive way.
The effect of solvent choice on the gelation and final hydrogel properties of Fmoc–diphenylalanine
Authors: Raeburn Jaclyn , Mendoza-Cuenca Cristina , Cattoz Beatrice N. , Little Marc A. , Terry Ann E. , Zamith Cardoso Andre , Griffiths Peter C. , Adams Dave J.
Published: December 2014

The properties of dipeptide hydrogels can be tuned by the choice of solvent used to form the gel.
Effect of length and rigidity of microtubules on the size of ring-shaped assemblies obtained through active self-organization
Authors: Wada Shoki , Rashedul Kabir Arif Md. , Ito Masaki , Inoue Daisuke , Sada Kazuki , Kakugo Akira
Published: December 2014

Length and stiffness of the microtubule play important roles in determining the size of the ring-shaped assembly in an active self-organization process.
Light-responsible DNA hydrogel–gold nanoparticle assembly for synergistic cancer therapy
Authors: Song Jaejung , Hwang Sekyu , Im Kyuhyun , Hur Jaehyun , Nam Jutaek , Hwang Sungwoo , Ahn G-One , Kim Sungjee , Park Nokyoung
Published: December 2014

A DNA hydrogel based delivery vehicle that combines assembled gold nanoparticles and Doxorubicins showed light-triggered and synergistic combination cancer therapy at the in vitro and in vivo levels.
A patterned porous polymer film for localized capture of insulin and glucose-responsive release
Authors: Liang Jing , Ma Yingyi , Sims Savannah , Wu Lixin
Published: December 2014

A responsive porous polymer film with insulin loaded efficiently in modified cavities, which is released by a glucose trigger, is prepared.
Flexible photodetector from ultraviolet to near infrared based on a SnS2 nanosheet microsphere film
Authors: Tao Yourong , Wu Xingcai , Wang Wei , Wang Jianan
Published: December 2014

A new flexible ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR) photodetector based on a SnS2 nanosheet self-assembled microsphere film has been fabricated onto a transparent polypropylene (PP) film using double-side adhesive tape, and its light-induced electric properties were investigated in detail.
Use of iPad Video-Review Feedback in the Supervision of SLP Student Clinicians
Authors: Smith Shauna L. H. , Hardy Amy E.
Published: December 2014

Clinical supervisors in speech-language pathology graduate programs are faced with the challenges of adapting to the learning styles of the current generation of student clinicians, and the necessity for increased efficiency and effectiveness of instruction with decreasing amounts of supervision time. Traditional methods of providing clinical feedback have been written and verbal; however, technological advances now allow for nearly effortless implementation of video-review feedback, which targets the current learning styles of student clinicians. This survey study examined student clinicians' and clinical supervisors' responses to the use of video-review feedback using iPads, in addition to traditional feedback methods, to determine efficacy of this instructional modality. Eighteen first year graduate clinicians and six clinical supervisors participated in this study, which was conducted over a six week period. iPads were used to record a minimum of twelve brief portions of sessions during this period and then these recordings were reviewed and discussed in collaboration between the student and supervisor. Results of survey responses following the six week period indicated that student clinicians and supervisors preferred the use of video-review feedback in additional to traditional methods, and students were in agreement that this feedback was beneficial to their clinical learning.
Power‐area‐efficient transient‐improved capacitor‐free FVF‐LDO with digital detecting technique
Authors: Guo Jianping , Ho Marco , Kwong Ka Yee , Leung Ka Nang
Published: December 2014

A fast‐transient capacitor‐free low‐dropout regulator (LDO) based on a flipped‐voltage‐follower (FVF) structure has been designed with the proposed digital detecting technique. By increasing the slewing at the gate of the power transistor through detecting the dynamic changes inside the circuit, load‐transient recovery time can be decreased by 99.8%. The quiescent current of the proposed LDO is only 3.9 µA under normal operation. In addition, the circuit maintains a small chip area of 0.04 mm2 under 0.18 µm CMOS technology since no large RC components are needed to couple the output voltage spikes.
Transport of radioactive ion beams and related safety issues: The 132Sn+ case study
Authors: Osswald F. , Bouquerel E. , Boutin D. , Dinkov A. , Kazarinov N. , Perrot L. , Sellam A.
Published: December 2014

The transport of intense radioactive ion beam currents requires a careful design in order to limit the beam losses, the contamination and thus the dose rates. Some investigations based on numerical models and calculations have been performed in the framework of the SPIRAL 2 project to evaluate the performance of a low energy beam transport line located between the isotope separation on line (ISOL) production cell and the experiment areas. The paper presents the results of the transverse phase-space analysis, the beam losses assessment, the resulting contamination, and radioactivity levels. They show that reasonable beam transmission, emittance growth, and dose rates can be achieved considering the current standards.
Scaling and alpha-helix regulation of protein relaxation in a lipid bilayer
Authors: Qiu Liming , Buie Creighton , Cheng Kwan Hon , Vaughn Mark W.
Published: December 2014

Protein conformation and orientation in the lipid membrane plays a key role in many cellular processes. Here we use molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the relaxation and C-terminus diffusion of a model helical peptide: beta-amyloid (Aβ) in a lipid membrane. We observed that after the helical peptide was initially half-embedded in the extracelluar leaflet of phosphatidylcholine (PC) or PC/cholesterol (PC/CHOL) membrane, the C-terminus diffused across the membrane and anchored to PC headgroups of the cytofacial lipid leaflet. In some cases, the membrane insertion domain of the Aβ was observed to partially unfold. Applying a sigmoidal fit to the process, we found that the characteristic velocity of the C-terminus, as it moved to its anchor site, scaled with θu−4/3, where θu is the fraction of the original helix that was lost during a helix to coil transition. Comparing this scaling with that of bead-spring models of polymer relaxation suggests that the C-terminus velocity is highly regulated by the peptide helical content, but that it is independent of the amino acid type. The Aβ was stabilized by the attachment of the positive Lys28 side chain to the negative phosphate of PC or 3β oxygen of CHOL in the extracellular lipid leaflet and of the C-terminus to its anchor site in the cytofacial lipid leaflet.
Effects of seed magnetic fields on magnetohydrodynamic implosion structure and dynamics
Authors: Mostert W. , Wheatley V. , Samtaney R. , Pullin D. I.
Published: December 2014

The effects of various seed magnetic fields on the dynamics of cylindrical and spherical implosions in ideal magnetohydrodynamics are investigated. Here, we present a fundamental investigation of this problem utilizing cylindrical and spherical Riemann problems under three seed field configurations to initialize the implosions. The resulting flows are simulated numerically, revealing rich flow structures, including multiple families of magnetohydrodynamic shocks and rarefactions that interact non-linearly. We fully characterize these flow structures, examine their axi- and spherisymmetry-breaking behaviour, and provide data on asymmetry evolution for different field strengths and driving pressures for each seed field configuration. We find that out of the configurations investigated, a seed field for which the implosion centre is a saddle point in at least one plane exhibits the least degree of asymmetry during implosion.
Ba2phenanthrene is the main component in the Ba-doped phenanthrene superconductor
Authors: Yan Xun-Wang , Huang Zhongbing , Lin Hai-Qing
Published: December 2014

We have systematically investigated the crystal structure of Ba-doped phenanthrene with various Ba doping levels by the first-principles calculations combined with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra simulations. Although the experimental stoichiometry ratio of Ba atom and phenanthrene molecule is 1.5:1, the simulated XRD spectra, space group symmetry and optimized lattice parameters of Ba1.5phenanthrene are not consistent with the experimental ones, while the results for Ba2phenanthrene are in good agreement with the measurements. The strength difference of a few XRD peaks can be explained by the existence of pristine phenanthrene. Our findings suggest that instead of uniform Ba1.5phenanthrene, there coexist Ba2phenanthrene and undoped phenanthrene in the superconducting sample. The electronic calculations indicate that Ba2phenanthrene is a semiconductor with a small energy gap less than 0.05 eV.
Opening up and control of spectral gaps of the Laplacian in periodic domains
Authors: Khrabustovskyi Andrii
Published: December 2014

The main result of this work is as follows: for arbitrary pairwise disjoint, finite intervals (αj, βj) ⊂ [0, ∞), j = 1, …, m, and for arbitrary n ≥ 2, we construct a family of periodic non-compact domains {Ωε⊂ℝn}ε>0 such that the spectrum of the Neumann Laplacian in Ωε has at least m gaps when ε is small enough, moreover the first m gaps tend to the intervals (αj, βj) as ε → 0. The constructed domain Ωε is obtained by removing from ℝn a system of periodically distributed “trap-like” surfaces. The parameter ε characterizes the period of the domain Ωε, also it is involved in a geometry of the removed surfaces.
Glassy dynamics of convex polyhedra
Authors: Tasios Nikos , Gantapara Anjan Prasad , Dijkstra Marjolein
Published: December 2014

Self-assembly of polyhedral-shaped particles has attracted huge interest with the advent of new synthesis methods that realize these faceted particles in the lab. Recent studies have shown that polyhedral-shaped particles exhibit a rich phase behavior by excluded volume interactions alone; some of these particles are even alleged to show a transition to a glass phase by quenching the liquid sufficiently fast beyond the glass transition (supercooling), such that the formation of structures with long-range order is suppressed. Despite the recent progress, no study has been made on the glass formation of polyhedral-shaped particles. Here, we study the glass behavior of polyhedral particles using advanced Monte Carlo methods. We investigate the formation of a glass of monodisperse hard polyhedral-shaped particles, namely, octahedra, tetrahedra, and triangular cupola, using simulations. Finally, the fragility of these particles is determined and compared to that of a polydisperse hard-sphere system.
Unidirectional launching of surface plasmons at the subwavelength scale
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Wang Heming , Liao Huimin , Li Zhi , Sun Chengwei , Chen Jianjun , Gong Qihuang
Published: December 2014

By manipulating the surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) excitation properties of two nanogrooves, we demonstrate unidirectional launching of SPPs using a groove-doublet structure both numerically and experimentally, with the groove separation being downscaled to 1/4 and even 1/8 of the wavelength. Thus, the total lateral dimension of the SPP launcher is only about 1/3 and 1/6 of the wavelength, which is truly subwavelength. The measured extinction ratio at incident wavelength of 800 nm reaches as high as 130 and 18. Such subwavelength SPP unidirectional launchers may have important applications in highly integrated plasmonic circuits.
Equilibrium ultrastable glasses produced by random pinning
Authors: Hocky Glen M. , Berthier Ludovic , Reichman David R.
Published: December 2014

Ultrastable glasses have risen to prominence due to their potentially useful material properties and the tantalizing possibility of a general method of preparation via vapor deposition. Despite the importance of this novel class of amorphous materials, numerical studies have been scarce because achieving ultrastability in atomistic simulations is an enormous challenge. Here, we bypass this difficulty and establish that randomly pinning the position of a small fraction of particles inside an equilibrated supercooled liquid generates ultrastable configurations at essentially no numerical cost, while avoiding undesired structural changes due to the preparation protocol. Building on the analogy with vapor-deposited ultrastable glasses, we study the melting kinetics of these configurations following a sudden temperature jump into the liquid phase. In homogeneous geometries, we find that enhanced kinetic stability is accompanied by large scale dynamic heterogeneity, while a competition between homogeneous and heterogeneous melting is observed when a liquid boundary invades the glass at constant velocity. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale, atomistically resolved, and experimentally relevant simulations of the kinetics of ultrastable glasses.
Microfluidic perfusion culture system for multilayer artery tissue models
Authors: Yamagishi Yuka , Masuda Taisuke , Matsusaki Michiya , Akashi Mitsuru , Yokoyama Utako , Arai Fumihito
Published: December 2014

We described an assembly technique and perfusion culture system for constructing artery tissue models. This technique differed from previous studies in that it does not require a solid biodegradable scaffold; therefore, using sheet-like tissues, this technique allowed the facile fabrication of tubular tissues can be used as model. The fabricated artery tissue models had a multilayer structure. The assembly technique and perfusion culture system were applicable to many different sizes of fabricated arteries. The shape of the fabricated artery tissue models was maintained by the perfusion culture system; furthermore, the system reproduced the in vivo environment and allowed mechanical stimulation of the arteries. The multilayer structure of the artery tissue model was observed using fluorescent dyes. The equivalent Young's modulus was measured by applying internal pressure to the multilayer tubular tissues. The aim of this study was to determine whether fabricated artery tissue models maintained their mechanical properties with developing. We demonstrated both the rapid fabrication of multilayer tubular tissues that can be used as model arteries and the measurement of their equivalent Young's modulus in a suitable perfusion culture environment.
Designing π-stacked molecular structures to control heat transport through molecular junctions
Authors: Kiršanskas Gediminas , Li Qian , Flensberg Karsten , Solomon Gemma C. , Leijnse Martin
Published: December 2014

We propose and analyze a way of using π stacking to design molecular junctions that either enhance or suppress a phononic heat current, but at the same time remain conductors for an electric current. Such functionality is highly desirable in thermoelectric energy converters, as well as in other electronic components where heat dissipation should be minimized or maximized. We suggest a molecular design consisting of two masses coupled to each other with one mass coupled to each lead. By having a small coupling (spring constant) between the masses, it is possible to either reduce or perhaps more surprisingly enhance the phonon conductance. We investigate a simple model system to identify optimal parameter regimes and then use first principle calculations to extract model parameters for a number of specific molecular realizations, confirming that our proposal can indeed be realized using standard molecular building blocks.
Reduction of skin effect losses in double-level-T-gate structure
Authors: Mikulics M. , Hardtdegen H. , Arango Y. C. , Adam R. , Fox A. , Grützmacher D. , Gregušová D. , Stanček S. , Novák J. , Kordoš P. , Sofer Z. , Juul L. , Marso M.
Published: December 2014

We developed a T-gate technology based on selective wet etching yielding 200 nm wide T-gate structures used for fabrication of High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT). Major advantages of our process are the use of only standard photolithographic process and the ability to generate T-gate stacks. A HEMT fabricated on AlGaN/GaN/sapphire with gate length Lg = 200 nm and double-stacked T-gates exhibits 60 GHz cutoff frequency showing ten-fold improvement compared to 6 GHz for the same device with 2 μm gate length. HEMTs with a double-level-T-gate (DLTG) structure exhibit up to 35% improvement of fmax value compared to a single T-gate device. This indicates a significant reduction of skin effect losses in DLTG structure compared to its standard T-gate counterpart. These results agree with the theoretical predictions.
Optical amplifier based on guided polaritons in GaN and ZnO
Authors: Solnyshkov D. D. , Terças H. , Malpuech G.
Published: December 2014

We propose a scheme of an optical amplifier based on GaN and ZnO waveguides operating in the regime of strong coupling between photonic modes and excitonic resonances. Amplification of the guided exciton-polaritons is obtained by stimulated scattering from the excitonic reservoir, which is found to be fast enough compared with the large velocity of the guided polariton modes. We analyze the device parameters at different temperatures. We find that an 80 μm-long amplifier can provide a gain of 10 dB at room temperature, being supplied by 5 mA current in the cw regime.
Unidirectional propagation of magnetostatic surface spin waves at a magnetic film surface
Authors: Wong Kin L. , Bi Lei , Bao Mingqiang , Wen Qiye , Chatelon Jean Pierre , Lin Yen-Ting , Ross C. A. , Zhang Huaiwu , Wang Kang L.
Published: December 2014

An analytical expression for the amplitudes of magnetostatic surface spin waves (MSSWs) propagating in opposite directions at a magnetic film surface is presented. This shows that for a given magnetic field H, it is forbidden for an independent MSSW to propagate along the direction of −H→×n→, where n→ is the surface normal. This unidirectional propagation property is confirmed by experiments with both permalloy and yttrium iron garnet films of different film thicknesses, and has implications in the design of spin-wave devices such as isolators and spin-wave diodes.
Partially gated lateral tunnel field effect transistor for optical applications
Authors: Dagtekin Nilay , Ionescu Adrian M.
Published: December 2014

Silicon-based partially gated tunnel FETs are characterized under optical and electrical excitation. Most significant outcomes of the experiments are (1) unique characteristics, namely, light induced negative transconductance and optically tunable output resistance (photo-resistor), (2) phototransistor operation that is attained when back-gate is used to store optically generated carriers which in return modulate the transconductance of the transistor in on-state. Simulation results show that the investigated devices have the potential to give rise to new circuit topologies exploiting interaction between light and band-to-band tunneling processes, and improve the area efficiency of pixel sensors owing to their optical gain and charge storage mechanism.
Viral emergence and consequences for reproductive performance in ruminants: two recent examples (bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses)
Authors: Zientara Stéphan , Ponsart Claire
Published: December 2014

Viruses can emerge unexpectedly in different regions of the world and may have negative effects on reproductive performance. This paper describes the consequences for reproductive performance that have been reported after the introduction to Europe of two emerging viruses, namely the bluetongue (BTV) and Schmallenberg (SBV) viruses. Following the extensive spread of BTV in northern Europe, large numbers of pregnant cows were infected with BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) during the breeding season of 2007. Initial reports of some cases of abortion and hydranencephaly in cattle in late 2007 were followed by quite exhaustive investigations in the field that showed that 10%–35% of healthy calves were infected with BTV-8 before birth. Transplacental transmission and fetal abnormalities in cattle and sheep had been previously observed only with strains of the virus that were propagated in embryonated eggs and/or cell culture, such as vaccine strains or vaccine candidate strains. After the unexpected emergence of BTV-8 in northern Europe in 2006, another arbovirus, namely SBV, emerged in Europe in 2011, causing a new economically important disease in ruminants. This new virus, belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family, was first detected in Germany, in The Netherlands and in Belgium in 2011 and soon after in the UK, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, Denmark and Switzerland. Adult animals show no or only mild clinical symptoms, whereas infection during a critical period of gestation can lead to abortion, stillbirth or the birth of severely malformed offspring. The impact of the disease is usually greater in sheep than in cattle. The consequences of SBV infection in domestic ruminants and more precisely the secondary effects on off-springs will be described.
The taxonomy of Flagellaria (Flagellariaceae)
Authors: Wepfer Patricia H. , Linder H. Peter
Published: December 2014

Flagellariaceae are grass relatives that climb using leaf-tip tendrils in palaeotropical rainforests. As the sister group to Joinvilleaceae, Ecdeiocoleaceae and Poaceae, they could be indicative of the ancestral habitat of the graminid clade. Although four species are usually accepted in this monogeneric family, Flagellaria has never been revised taxonomically and species delimitation is understood poorly, especially for the Pacific. Here, we document the morphological variation in the genus, and explore phylogenetic patterns by maximum likelihood analysis (GARLI) and Bayesian inference (MrBayes) of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal repeat and the plastid matK, psbA–trnH and rps16 regions. Ecological variation was inferred from climatic factors evaluated by MaxEnt analysis. We show that Flagellaria is more diverse than previously thought, and describe one new species in Fiji (Flagellaria collaris Wepfer & H.P.Linder) and three new varieties in F. indica (vars. australiensis, bifurcata, borneensis). Flagellaria is most diverse in the Pacific islands, where Fiji harbours three of the five species.
Genomic and functional analysis of leukemic transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Rampal Raajit , Ahn Jihae , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Nahas Michelle , Wang Kai , Lipson Doron , Otto Geoff A. , Yelensky Roman , Hricik Todd , McKenney Anna Sophia , Chiosis Gabriela , Chung Young Rock , Pandey Suveg , van den Brink Marcel R. M. , Armstrong Scott A. , Dogan Ahmet , Intlekofer Andrew , Manshouri Taghi , Park Christopher Y. , Verstovsek Srdan , Rapaport Franck , Stephens Philip J. , Miller Vincent A. , Levine Ross L.
Published: December 2014

Significance

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic hematopoietic disorders characterized by clonal proliferation of mature myeloid elements. A subset of MPNs transforms to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mechanisms and pathways that contribute to transformation from MPN to AML have not been well delineated. We have characterized the somatic mutational spectrum of post-MPN AML and demonstrate that somatic tumor protein 53 (
TP53
) mutations are common in
JAK2
V617F
-
mutant, post-MPN AML but not in chronic-phase MPN. We demonstrate that expression of
JAK2
V617F combined with
Tp53
loss in a murine model leads to fully penetrant AML in vivo
.
We have characterized this model and used it to test therapeutic strategies. These data reveal novel insights into the pathogenesis of, and potential therapeutic strategies for, leukemic transformation.
Peruvian Amazonian Spanish
Authors: Vallejos Rosa
Published: December 2014

Some linguistic structures found in Amazonian Spanish tend to be associated by and large with a rural variety spoken by people frequently depicted as indigenous. However, direct observations indicate that most of these features are pervasive among speakers across the social spectrum. What, then, are the parameters of linguistic variation in Peruvian Amazonian Spanish? Is there any social and/or linguistic meaning associated with the attested variation? This paper looks at data from ten monolingual speakers, five born and raised in Iquitos, and five born and raised in Kokama indigenous villages. The linguistic variables examined are: (i) permutationj/f, (ii) possessor/noun number agreement, (iii) double possession, and (iv) genitive fronting. This study concentrates on one social variable,place, which is found to significantly impact language use. City-speakers emphasize or downplay their category membership through the quantitative manipulation of markers; village-speakers show less variability in their language use. In addition, certain possessive constructions seem to be undertaking specialized functions.
Contact and isolation in hunter-gatherer language dynamics
Authors: Wnuk Ewelina , Burenhult Niclas
Published: December 2014

Maniq, spoken by 250–300 people in southern Thailand, is an undocumented geographical outlier of the Aslian branch of Austroasiatic. Isolated from other Aslian varieties and exposed only to Southern Thai, this northernmost member of the group has long experienced a contact situation which is unique in the Aslian context. Aslian is otherwise mostly under influence from Malay, and exhibits typological characteristics untypical of other Austroasiatic and Mainland Southeast Asian languages. In this paper we pursue an initial investigation of the contrastive strategies of the Maniq sound system. We show that Maniq phonology is manifestly Aslian, and displays only minor influence from Thai. For example, Maniq has not developed tone, register, or undergone changes typically associated with tonogenesis. However, it departs from mainstream Aslian phonology by allowing extreme levels of variation in the realisation of consonants, which in our view are best explained by its distinctive social ecology and geographical isolation.
The locative alternation in verb-framed vs. satellite-framed languages
Authors: Lewandowski Wojciech
Published: December 2014

I propose a comparative analysis of the locative alternation in Polish and Spanish. I adopt a constructional theory of argument structure (Goldberg (1995)), according to which the locative alternation is an epiphenomenon of the compatibility of a single verb meaning with two different constructions: the caused-motion construction and the causative +withadjunct construction. As claimed by Pinker (1989), a verb must specify a manner of motion from which a particular change of state can be obtained in order to be able to appear in both constructional schemas. However, I show through a corpus study that the compatibility between verbal and constructional meaning is further restricted by Talmy’s (1985, 1991, 2000) distinction between verb-framed and satellite-framed languages. In particular, Talmy’s lexicalization patterns theory systematically explains why both the token frequency and the type frequency of the alternating verbs are considerably higher in Polish than in Spanish.
Varieties of Asian welfare capitalisms and the influence of globalization
Authors: Tohyama Hironori
Published: December 2014

Asian welfare capitalisms as well as advanced economies face the risks associated with globalization. In order to understand how Asian welfare capitalisms respond to globalization, it is essential to describe the institutional diversity of Asian welfare capitalisms and the welfare–risk nexus. This paper defines four types of Asian welfare capitalisms based on social spending data and investigates the welfare–risk nexus by focusing on globalization risks, such as a globalized production process, trade openness, and financial integration. The empirical results based on multiple factor analysis and cluster analysis clearly show that Asian welfare capitalisms are heterogeneous and that four clusters can be found in the welfare–risk nexus based on the dimensions present in Asian economies in the 2000s. This analysis stresses that globalization has different effects on these types of Asian welfare capitalisms according to their welfare–risk nexuses.
BRCA2 diffuses as oligomeric clusters with RAD51 and changes mobility after DNA damage in live cells
Authors: Reuter Marcel , Zelensky Alex , Smal Ihor , Meijering Erik , van Cappellen Wiggert A. , de Gruiter H. Martijn , van Belle Gijsbert J. , van Royen Martin E. , Houtsmuller Adriaan B. , Essers Jeroen , Kanaar Roland , Wyman Claire
Published: December 2014

Genome maintenance by homologous recombination depends on coordinating many proteins in time and space to assemble at DNA break sites. To understand this process, we followed the mobility of BRCA2, a critical recombination mediator, in live cells at the single-molecule level using both single-particle tracking and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. BRCA2-GFP and -YFP were compared to distinguish diffusion from fluorophore behavior. Diffusive behavior of fluorescent RAD51 and RAD54 was determined for comparison. All fluorescent proteins were expressed from endogenous loci. We found that nuclear BRCA2 existed in oligomeric clusters, and exhibited heterogeneous mobility. DNA damage increased BRCA2 transient binding, presumably including binding to damaged sites. Despite its very different size, RAD51 displayed mobility similar to BRCA2, which indicates physical interaction between these proteins both before and after induction of DNA damage. We propose that BRCA2-mediated sequestration of nuclear RAD51 serves to prevent inappropriate DNA interactions and that all RAD51 is delivered to DNA damage sites in association with BRCA2.
Redox and Src family kinase signaling control leukocyte wound attraction and neutrophil reverse migration
Authors: Tauzin Sebastien , Starnes Taylor W. , Becker Francisco Barros , Lam Pui-ying , Huttenlocher Anna
Published: December 2014

Tissue damage induces early recruitment of neutrophils through redox-regulated Src family kinase (SFK) signaling in neutrophils. Redox-SFK signaling in epithelium is also necessary for wound resolution and tissue regeneration. How neutrophil-mediated inflammation resolves remains unclear. In this paper, we studied the interactions between macrophages and neutrophils in response to tissue damage in zebrafish and found that macrophages contact neutrophils and induce resolution via neutrophil reverse migration. We found that redox-SFK signaling through p22phox and Yes-related kinase is necessary for macrophage wound attraction and the subsequent reverse migration of neutrophils. Importantly, macrophage-specific reconstitution of p22phox revealed that macrophage redox signaling is necessary for neutrophil reverse migration. Thus, redox-SFK signaling in adjacent tissues is essential for coordinated leukocyte wound attraction and repulsion through pathways that involve contact-mediated guidance.
The first estimate of radio jet proper motion at z > 5
Authors: Frey Sándor , Paragi Zsolt , Fogasy Judit O. , Gurvits Leonid I.
Published: December 2014

The extremely high-redshift (z = 5.3) radio source SDSS J102623.61+254259.5 (J1026+2542) is among the most distant and most luminous radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) known to date. Its one-sided radio jet structure on milliarcsecond (mas) and ∼10-mas scales typical for blazars was first imaged at 5 GHz with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) in 2006. Here we report on our dual-frequency (1.7 and 5 GHz) imaging observations performed with the European VLBI Network (EVN) in 2013. The prominent jet structure allows us to identify individual components whose apparent displacement can be detected over the time span of 7.33 yr. This is the first time when jet proper motions are directly derived in a blazar at z > 5. The small values of up to ∼0.1 mas yr−1 are consistent with what is expected in a relativistic cosmological model if redshift is a measure of distance. The apparent superluminal jet speeds, considered tentative because derived from two epochs only, exceed 10 c for three different components along the jet. Based on modelling its spectral energy distribution, J1026+2542 is known to have its X-ray jet oriented close to the line of sight, with significant Doppler boosting and a large bulk Lorentz factor (Γ ≈ 13). The new VLBI observations, indicating ∼2.3 × 1012 K lower limit to the core brightness temperature, are consistent with this picture. The spectral index in the core region is −0.35.
Bureaucratic Representation and Responsiveness
Authors: Meier Kenneth J. , Melton Erin K.
Published: December 2014

The theory of representative bureaucracy considers how the sharing of demographic characteristics between public administrators and service populations translates into improved service delivery and links to broader themes of democracy and equality. While much scholarship has addressed the theory and tested it in a variety of public settings, further study is necessary given the contextualization of bureaucratic identity, political applications of the theory to lawmakers, strategic choice in the assumption of bureaucratic role, and practice of the theory in comparative settings. This chapter explores the wealth of past research on representative bureaucracy and presents a framework that introduces opportunities for additional investigation.
A Theory of Magnitude
Authors: Walsh Vincent
Published: December 2014

In this chapter, I review the evidence that has tested A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM) and extend the idea to build a bridge between ATOM and metaphorical theories of time and space perception. There is now substantial evidence to support the idea of common processing mechanisms for time, space, and number, but this is constrained by the evidence largely coming from perceptual or psychophysical studies. The chapter ends by outlining a series of outstanding problems in understanding magnitude representation. Key amongst these problems are the links between sensory and metaphorical processing, the links between prelinguistic and linguistic associations, and a clearer understanding of the developmental processes involved in the construction of magnitude representations.