bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Failure Mode Effect Analysis on Extracorporeal Circuits for Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Wehrli-Veit Michel , Riley Jeffrey B. , Austin Jon W.
Published: August 2023

Although many refinements in perfusion methodology and devices have been made, extracorporeal circulation remains a contributor to neurological complications, bleeding coagulopathies, use of blood products, as well as systemic inflammatory response. With the exposure of these adverse effects of cardiopulmonary bypass, the necessity to re-examine the safety of extracorporeal circuits is vital. A failure mode effect analysis (FMEA) is a proven proactive technique developed to evaluate system effect or equipment failure. FMEA was used to evaluate the six different types of extracorporeal circuits based on feedback from five clinical experts. Cardiovascular device manufacturers, the Veteran’s Administration National Center for Patient Safety, and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations recommend the use of FMEA to assess and manage risks in current and developing technologies and therapies. This analysis investigates the safety of six types of extracorporeal circuits used in coronary revascularization, including the newer miniaturized extracorporeal circuits. The FMEA lists and ranks the hazards associated with the use of each cardiopulmonary bypass extracorporeal circuit type. To increase the safety of extracorporeal circuits and minimize the effects associated with cardiopulmonary bypass, perfusionists must incorporate FMEA into their clinical practice.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Surgery for Interrupted Aortic Arch
Authors: Huang Huimin , Zhu Demin , Chen Hong , Wang Wei , Zhang Wei , Fu Weiding
Published: August 2023

Interrupted aortic arch is a complicated congenital heart defect. Because of its anatomic features, the conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedure is not suitable for the surgery of this type of lesion. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study of CPB in surgery for the disease. Ten patients with interrupted aortic arch underwent surgery by one of three different CPB methods, including profound hypothermia with circulatory arrest in four cases, profound hypothermia with low flow rate in five cases, and normothermia in one case. In profound hypothermic CPB, both ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery were cannulated. Through these two cannulas, the flow was pumped to the upper and lower body separately to cool down the body temperature. After cooling, the main pulmonary artery cannula was removed and interrupted aortic arch was corrected either under low flow rate perfusion or under circulatory arrest. After this, the other intracardiac lesions were repaired under conventional CPB. At the end of CPB, one patient demonstrated third-degree atria-ventricular block and required reinstituting CPB and a second procedure to repair the ventricular septal defect (VSD). In the intensive care unit, one patient developed lung infection and dyspnea after extubation that required intubation and mechanical ventilation for another several days. Another patient required 3 days of peritoneal dialysis caused by low cardiac output, hyperkalemia, and oliguria. All patients survived. The mechanical ventilation times were from 8 hours to 8 days and stays in the intensive care unit were from 4 to 12 days. Profound hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass either with low flow rate or with circulatory arrest is equally the preferable choice for the surgery of interrupted aortic arch.
Hsa_circ_0000106 Acts as a Tumor Promoter in Pancreatic Cancer by
Targeting the MiR-455–3p/HDAC4
Authors: Hao Shunxin , Yao Zhi , Liu Yifeng
Published: August 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) frequently participate in pancreatic cancer (PC)
progression. This study focuses on circ_0000106, a novel circRNA, and its
potential function in PC development. Circ_00001106, miR-455–3p, and
HDAC4 expression levels in PC were determined using qRT-PCR and immunoblotting.
RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to
verify their binding interactions. Loss-of-function assays, including CCK-8,
colony formation, and transwell assays, were used to estimate the proliferative
and migratory properties of PC cells. A nude mouse model was constructed to
assess the influence of circ_0000106 on tumor formation in vivo. A pronounced
elevation of circ_0000106 and HDAC4 and a reduction of miR-455–3p in PC
were observed. Circ_0000106 was prone to binding to miR-455–3p, and
miR-455–3p further targeted HDAC4. Functionally, the proliferative and
migratory properties of PC cells were dampened by the loss of circ_0000106 or
HDAC4 and could be potentiated by miR-455–3p inhibition. Moreover, the
knockdown of circ_0000106 delayed tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, the
downregulation of miR-455–3p attenuated the repressive effects of
circ_0000106 deficiency on PC cell migration and proliferation. Loss of HDAC4
exerted similar mitigative effects on miR-455–3p
downregulation-stimulated PC cells. In conclusion, circ_0000106 promotes tumor
migration and growth in PC by targeting the miR-455–3p/HDAC4
axis. These results suggest that the
circ_0000106/miR-455–3p/HDAC4 network could be regarded
as a latent target for PC treatment.
Towards a more comprehensive assessment of FDI’s societal impact
Authors: Wiessner Yannick T. , Giuliani Elisa , Wijen Frank , Doh Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Societal actors increasingly expect multinational enterprises (MNEs) to positively impact the host countries in which they operate. While these expectations have prompted IB scholars to engage more extensively with the societal impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI), our collective knowledge of these impacts is limited. Early IB literature investigated FDI’s aggregate impact but generally confined the scope to economic effects. Contemporary, strategy-oriented IB scholarship broadened the scope of impact types to include social and ecological effects, yet mostly limited the scope of the impacted actors to MNEs themselves. We argue that IB research should more comprehensively assess FDI’s impact by incorporating social and ecological effects in addition to economic ones, and by accounting for a broader set of stakeholders beyond MNEs. IB scholars should challenge the assumption that FDI’s economic impacts spill over to positive societal outcomes, and that MNEs’ interests parallel those of host countries. A more comprehensive assessment will require IB scholars to question “win–win” assumptions about the complementarity of corporate societal and financial performance, examine FDI’s societal impact over longer time horizons, leverage innovative approaches from allied sciences, and consider interactions between different types of societal effects in order to appreciate their sometimes countervailing effects.
Caveman, genius, artist, entrepreneur: success and self-realization from literary naturalism to advice literature
Authors: Dorson James
Published: August 2023

This essay examines the dramatization of a new model of selfhood in U.S. naturalist fiction at the turn of the twentieth century and how it was taken up by advice literature during the interwar years. By tracing a lineage of the self through the characterological types of the caveman, genius, artist, and entrepreneur, the essay shows how the construction of the caveman as a more vital self than the bourgeois individual at the turn of the twentieth century morphed into a biologized notion of Romantic genius and further into configurations of artists and entrepreneurs as the century progressed. As the types shade into each other in naturalist fiction and advice literature, they represent a new model for successful working and living that fuses expressive and economic goals, and which anticipates contemporary constructions of work as a pursuit of creative self-expression and self-actualization.
Exploration and mitigation of protrusion behavior in Ga-ion doped h-BN memristors
Authors: Li Mucun , Wu Enxiu , Xu Linyan , Hu Xiaodong , Miao Xiaopu
Published: August 2023

Using hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) to prepare resistive switching devices is a promising strategy. Various doping methods have aroused great interest in the semiconductor field in recent years, but many researchers have overlooked the various repetitive anomalies that occur during the testing process. In this study, the basic electrical properties and additive protrusion behavior of Ga-ion-doped h-BN memristors at micro–nanoscale during the voltage scanning process are investigated via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The additive protrusion behavior is subjected to exploratory research, and it is concluded that it is caused by anodic oxidation. An approach is proposed that involves filling the AFM chamber with nitrogen gas to improve the stability of memristor testing, and this method provides a solution for enhanced testing stability of memristors.
Research trends in methods for controlling macro-micro motion platforms
Authors: Zhang Lufan , Zhang Pengqi , Jiang Boshi , Yan Heng
Published: August 2023

With ongoing economic, scientific, and technological developments, the electronic devices used in daily lives are developing toward precision and miniaturization, and so the demand for high-precision manufacturing machinery is expanding. The most important piece of equipment in modern high-precision manufacturing is the macro-micro motion platform (M3P), which offers high speed, precision, and efficiency and has macro-micro motion coupling characteristics due to its mechanical design and composition of its driving components. Therefore, the design of the control system is crucial for the overall precision of the platform; conventional proportional–integral–derivative control cannot meet the system requirements, and so M3Ps are the subject of a growing range of modern control strategies. This paper begins by describing the development history of M3Ps, followed by their platform structure and motion control system components, and then in-depth assessments of the macro, micro, and macro-micro control systems. In addition to examining the advantages and disadvantages of current macro-micro motion control, recent technological breakthroughs are noted. Finally, based on existing problems, future directions for M3P control systems are given, and the present conclusions offer guidelines for future work on M3Ps.
Simple physical model with empirical formulas for solid-state sintering of CaCO3 for estimation of porosity
Authors: Yasui Kyuichi , Hamamoto Koichi
Published: August 2023

The porosity after solid-state sintering is theoretically estimated by using a simple physical model with empirical formulas as a function of applied pressure and initial particle size. The comparison with the experimental data has revealed that tight aggregation of CaCO3 nanoparticles strongly increases porosity in solid-state sintering compared to that predicted for isolated nanoparticles.
Feasibility and equivalence analysis of transient dose rate effect simulation by pulsed laser in level-shifting transceiver and TCAD simulation on its ESD circuits
Authors: Guo Yaxin , Li Yang , Peng Zhigang , Liu Jiaxin , Li Pei , Li Wei , He Chaohui , Li Junlin , Li Ruibin , Li Yonghong
Published: August 2023

Compared to linear accelerators, pulsed lasers have the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, stable pulse output, and low environment interference for researching the transient dose rate effect (TDRE) on semiconductor devices. In this paper, pulsed laser radiation experiments are performed on a level-shifting transceiver. The experimental results are consistent with the results of the transient γ-ray radiation experiment, demonstrating the feasibility of using the pulsed laser in TDRE research on the level-shifting transceiver. This paper obtains theoretical and experimental conversion factors (CFs) through theoretical analysis and equivalency of the peak photocurrents, which are measured in pulsed laser and transient γ-ray radiation experiments. The CF results from the two approaches are within 7% of each other. In pulsed laser radiation experiments, an uncommon phenomenon is found. At the I/O (Input/Output) ports of the level-shifting transceiver, a trend of a positive photocurrent followed by a negative pulse is observed. A hypothesis is proposed that this photocurrent is produced by the turn-on and turn-off of the parasitic PNP (Positive-Negative-Positive) transistors in electrostatic discharge circuits at the level-shifting transceiver I/O ports. In addition, this hypothesis is verified by TCAD (Technology Computer Aided Design) simulations.
Probabilistic deep learning of turbulent premixed combustion
Authors: Shin Junsu , Xing Victor , Pfitzner Michael , Lapeyre Corentin
Published: August 2023

A probabilistic data-driven approach that models the filtered reaction rate in large-eddy simulation (LES) is investigated. We propose a novel framework that incorporates a conditional generative adversarial network and a Gaussian mixture model to take into account the statistical fluctuations that are present in LES of turbulent reacting flows due to non-resolved subgrid structures, which cannot be predicted by purely deterministic models and machine learning algorithms. The data from a direct numerical simulation of turbulent premixed combustion are spatially filtered using a wide range of filter widths and employed for the training. We extract physically relevant parameters from the database and reduce the input features to the network to the most influential ones based on the result of feature importance analysis. The trained model is then tested on unseen timesteps and untrained LES filter widths, where it is able to accurately predict the distribution of the filtered reaction rate.
Improving photovoltaic performance of light-responsive double-heterojunction nanorod light-emitting diodes
Authors: Huang Conan , Jiang Yiran , Drake Gryphon A. , Keating Logan P. , Shim Moonsub
Published: August 2023

Double heterojunction nanorods enable both electroluminescence and light harvesting capabilities within the same device structure, providing a promising platform for energy-scavenging displays and related applications. However, the efficiency of the photovoltaic mode remains modest for useful power conversion and may be challenging to improve without sacrificing performance in electroluminescence. Through a facile on-film partial ligand exchange with benzenethiol integrated into the device fabrication step, we achieve an average of more than threefold increase in power conversion efficiency while maintaining the maximum external quantum efficiency and the maximum luminance in the LED mode. The improved photovoltaic performance is mainly due to the increase in the short circuit current, which we attribute to the enhanced charge separation afforded by the partial ligand exchange. The recovery of the photoluminescence lifetime under the forward bias suggests that the hole traps introduced by benzenethiols are filled prior to reaching the voltage at which light emission begins, allowing LED performance to be maintained and possibly improved.
Sample characterization by transverse photothermal beam deflection spectrometry in skimming configuration
Authors: Budasheva H. , Swapna M. S. , Sankararaman S. , Korte D.
Published: August 2023

The Tutorial presents the theoretical aspects of photothermal beam deflection spectrometry (BDS) in skimming configuration based on the complex ray theory. After a brief introduction on photothermal spectroscopy, an abridged review of the literature highlighting the theoretical building blocks and its diversified applications is given. The complex ray theory-based 1D and 2D models for evaluating thermophysical, optical, transport, and structural parameters are discussed in detail. The experimental setup, optimization, and applications of the BDS are further elaborated upon.
Molecular dynamics simulation and experiment on analyzing mechanical properties of PMMA/SiO2 composites based on interfacial interaction
Authors: Zhang Linan , Shen Tongzhou , Wu Liqun , Wang Hongcheng , Liu Hongying
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we investigate the impact of modified SiO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composites through a combination of molecular dynamics simulation and experimentation. Our investigation focuses on analyzing the elastic modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Cauchy ratio of pure PMMA, PMMA/SiO2 composites, and PMMA/modified SiO2 composites over a temperature range of 200–400 K. Our results indicate that, as the temperature increases, the elastic modulus, bulk modulus, and Cauchy ratio of all materials decrease, while the shear modulus initially increases and then decreases. Notably, at room temperature, the elastic modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus of the composites increase with an increase in the degree of nanoparticle modification, while the Cauchy ratio exhibits the opposite trend. Our findings suggest that modified SiO2 nanoparticles have the potential to enhance the mechanical properties of composite materials. To validate our simulation results, we also conducted experiments that demonstrated the rationality of our approach.
DSNet: Dual-stream multi-scale fusion network for low-quality 3D face recognition
Authors: Zhao Panzi , Ming Yue , Hu Nannan , Lyu Boyang , Zhou Jiangwan
Published: August 2023

3D face recognition (FR) has become increasingly widespread due to the illumination invariance and pose robustness of 3D face data. Most existing 3D FR methods can only achieve excellent performance on complete and smooth faces. However, low-quality 3D FR with missing facial features still suffers from insufficient discriminative feature extraction for visible face regions. In this paper, we propose a dual-stream multi-scale fusion network (DSNet) for low-quality 3D FR. First, in the first stream, we design a new multi-scale local and global feature fusion network, which consists of an enhanced shallow feature extraction module, an enhanced deep feature extraction module, and a layered multi-scale feature correlation fusion module, aiming to obtain more discriminative details and category information of the facial visible region, reducing the interference of similar features and the redundancy of the same features. Second, we also introduced a capsule network as the second stream to enhance the expression of 3D facial spatial position information, thereby further improving the performance of low-quality 3D FR with missing facial features. We conduct extensive experiments on low-quality datasets (Lock3DFace, KinectFaceDB, and IIIT-D) and cross-quality datasets synthesized by Bosphorus. These results show that our proposed DSNet can achieve state-of-the-art recognition performance and exhibit excellent performance on low-quality 3D faces with missing facial features.
Two-well injector direct-phonon terahertz quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Lander Gower Nathalie , Levy Shiran , Piperno Silvia , Addamane Sadhvikas J. , Reno John L. , Albo Asaf
Published: August 2023

We present an experimental study on a terahertz quantum cascade laser (THz QCL) design that combines both two-well injector and direct-phonon scattering schemes, i.e., a so-called two-well injector direct-phonon design. As a result of the two-well injector direct-phonon scheme presented here, the lasers benefit from both a direct phonon scattering scheme for the lower laser level depopulation and a setback for the doping profile that reduces the overlap of the doped region with active laser states. Additionally, our design also has efficient isolation of the active laser levels from excited and continuum states as indicated by negative differential resistance behavior all the way up to room temperature. This scheme serves as a good platform for improving the temperature performance of THz QCLs as indicated by the encouraging temperature performance results of the device with a relatively high doping level of 7.56 × 1010 cm−2 and Tmax ∼ 167 K. With the right optimization of the molecular beam epitaxy growth and interface quality, the injection coupling strength, and the doping density and its profile, the device could potentially reach higher temperatures than the latest records reached for the maximum operating temperature (Tmax) of THz QCLs.
Graph neural networks classify molecular geometry and design novel order parameters of crystal and liquid
Authors: Ishiai Satoki , Endo Katsuhiro , Yasuoka Kenji
Published: August 2023

Molecular dynamics simulation produces three-dimensional data on molecular structures. The classification of molecular structure is an important task. Conventionally, various order parameters are used to classify different structures of liquid and crystal. Recently, machine learning (ML) methods have been proposed based on order parameters to find optimal choices or use them as input features of neural networks. Conventional ML methods still require manual operation, such as calculating the conventional order parameters and manipulating data to impose rotational/translational invariance. Conversely, deep learning models that satisfy invariance are useful because they can automatically learn and classify three-dimensional structural features. However, in addition to the difficulty of making the learned features explainable, deep learning models require information on large structures for highly accurate classification, making it difficult to use the obtained parameters for structural analysis. In this work, we apply two types of graph neural network models, the graph convolutional network (GCN) and the tensor embedded atom network (TeaNet), to classify the structures of Lennard-Jones (LJ) systems and water systems. Both models satisfy invariance, while GCN uses only length information between nodes. TeaNet uses length and orientation information between nodes and edges, allowing it to recognize molecular geometry efficiently. TeaNet achieved a highly accurate classification with an extremely small molecular structure, i.e., when the number of input molecules is 17 for the LJ system and 9 for the water system, the accuracy is 98.9% and 99.8%, respectively. This is an advantage of our method over conventional order parameters and ML methods such as GCN, which require a large molecular structure or the information of wider area neighbors. Furthermore, we verified that TeaNet could build novel order parameters without manual operation. Because TeaNet can recognize extremely small local structures with high accuracy, all structures can be mapped to a low-dimensional parameter space that can explain structural features. TeaNet offers an alternative to conventional order parameters because of its novelty.
Physical aging in molecular glasses beyond the α relaxation
Authors: Di Lisio Valerio , Stavropoulou Vasiliki-Maria , Cangialosi Daniele
Published: August 2023

The description of kinetics of physical aging, namely the slow evolution of a glass thermodynamic state toward equilibrium, generally relies on the exclusive role of the main α relaxation. Here, we study the kinetics of physical aging over a wide temperature range in five small molecules interacting via van der Waals forces monitoring the time evolution of the glass enthalpic state. To this aim, we employ fast scanning calorimetry, which permits exploring a wide range of aging times. To challenge the role of the α relaxation in the description of physical aging, we employ a model-independent approach, based on the time to reach equilibrium, and a modified version of the single parameter aging model. The latter accounts for the non-linearity of aging making use of the so-called density scaling approach to describe the dependence of the α relaxation time on the glass thermodynamic state. We show that the α relaxation is generally adequate to describe aging at temperatures close to the glass transition and, for lower temperatures, the latest stages of equilibration. In contrast, at low aging temperatures, it fails to catch a wide portion of the time-dependent evolution of the glass thermodynamic state, which is found to be much faster than predicted considering only the α relaxation. Hence, our results and analysis provide compelling arguments that the description of glass equilibration under a wide range of aging conditions is conveyed by different molecular mechanisms, beyond the mere role of the α relaxation.
Metal-semiconductor direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator based on depletion mode u-GaN/AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Luo Qianqian , Xiao Kai , Li Min , Yan Xuejun , Yang Jia , Deng Jianyu , Sun Wenhong
Published: August 2023

The urgent need for renewable energy source has led to a significant interest in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as a new energy technology. In contrast to traditional polymer TENGs, semiconductor direct-current TENGs are more suitable for miniaturization and integration with electronic devices. This study proposes a friction material made of depletion mode GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), which exhibit superior properties such as high two-dimensional electron gas concentration. By sliding a titanium sheet on a depletion mode GaN-based heterostructure, we have designed a metal-semiconductor direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator that achieved voltage up to 45.5 V and a peak power density of 2.32 W/m2. This generator can be used to supply DC power to 14 LEDs in series and drive a digital watch directly. In particular, the generation of direct current is predominantly influenced by the surface states of the undoped GaN cap that produce a large number of electrons and are associated with an additional electric field in the direction of the two-dimensional electron gas created in the u-GaN/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure of depletion mode GaN-based HEMTs. This research not only introduces a nitride semiconductor material of GaN-based HEMTs for the metal-semiconductor interface friction in the DC TENGs but also elucidates the current generation mechanism of GaN-based HEMT TENGs.
Experimental investigation on two-dimensional aerodynamic admittances of rectangular cylinders in various turbulent flows
Authors: Tang Jia , Yang Yang , Li Mingshui
Published: August 2023

This paper conducts an experimental investigation of two-dimensional aerodynamic admittances (2D AAFs) for rectangular 5:1 cylinders within various turbulent flow fields. The determination of 2D AAF is achieved by removing the influence of the three-dimensional effect (3D effect) from the traditional AAF, wherein the traditional AAF can be straightly derived based on the ratio of the one-dimensional fluctuating force spectrum to the one-dimensional turbulent wind spectrum. In line with prior research, the values of traditional AAFs show variations in response to the 3D effect in different turbulent flow fields. Moreover, within homo-turbulence conditions, or more specifically, under similar turbulence intensity, the traditional AAFs differ depending on the turbulent integral scale to the model characteristic width ratios (dimensionless turbulent integral scale). Compared to the traditional AAF, the 2D AAF effectively cuts down on the discrepancies arising from the dimensionless turbulent integral scale. In cases where different dimensionless turbulent integral scales are present but the turbulence intensity remains constant, the 2D AAFs are almost consistent. Nevertheless, it can be observed that the 2D AAF of the rectangular 5:1 cylinder is still affected by turbulence intensity. For different turbulence intensities, the 2D AAFs have certain changes. When there is less turbulence intensity, it frequently approaches the quasi-steady value, and as the turbulence intensity increases, it gradually approaches the Sears function.
Effects of sequence-dependent non-native interactions in equilibrium and kinetic folding properties of knotted proteins
Authors: Especial João N. C. , Faísca Patrícia F. N.
Published: August 2023

Determining the role of non-native interactions in folding dynamics, kinetics, and mechanisms is a classic problem in protein folding. More recently, this question has witnessed a renewed interest in light of the hypothesis that knotted proteins require the assistance of non-native interactions to fold efficiently. Here, we conduct extensive equilibrium and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a simple off-lattice C-alpha model to explore the role of non-native interactions in the thermodynamics and kinetics of three proteins embedding a trefoil knot in their native structure. We find that equilibrium knotted conformations are stabilized by non-native interactions that are non-local, and proximal to native ones, thus enhancing them. Additionally, non-native interactions increase the knotting frequency at high temperatures, and in partially folded conformations below the transition temperatures. Although non-native interactions clearly enhance the efficiency of transition from an unfolded conformation to a partially folded knotted one, they are not required to efficiently fold a knotted protein. Indeed, a native-centric interaction potential drives the most efficient folding transition, provided that the simulation temperature is well below the transition temperature of the considered model system.
Local structure, thermodynamics, and melting of boron phosphide at high pressures by deep learning-driven ab initio simulations
Authors: Chtchelkatchev N. M. , Ryltsev R. E. , Magnitskaya M. V. , Gorbunov S. M. , Cherednichenko K. A. , Solozhenko V. L. , Brazhkin V. V.
Published: August 2023

Boron phosphide (BP) is a (super)hard semiconductor constituted of light elements, which is promising for high demand applications at extreme conditions. The behavior of BP at high temperatures and pressures is of special interest but is also poorly understood because both experimental and conventional ab initio methods are restricted to studying refractory covalent materials. The use of machine learning interatomic potentials is a revolutionary trend that gives a unique opportunity for high-temperature study of materials with ab initio accuracy. We develop a deep machine learning potential (DP) for accurate atomistic simulations of the solid and liquid phases of BP as well as their transformations near the melting line. Our DP provides quantitative agreement with experimental and ab initio molecular dynamics data for structural and dynamic properties. DP-based simulations reveal that at ambient pressure, a tetrahedrally bonded cubic BP crystal melts into an open structure consisting of two interpenetrating sub-networks of boron and phosphorous with different structures. Structure transformations of BP melt under compressing are reflected by the evolution of low-pressure tetrahedral coordination to high-pressure octahedral coordination. The main contributions to structural changes at low pressures are made by the evolution of medium-range order in the B-subnetwork and, at high pressures, by the change of short-range order in the P-subnetwork. Such transformations exhibit an anomalous behavior of structural characteristics in the range of 12–15 GPa. DP-based simulations reveal that the Tm(P) curve develops a maximum at P ≈ 13 GPa, whereas experimental studies provide two separate branches of the melting curve, which demonstrate the opposite behavior. Analysis of the results obtained raises open issues in developing machine learning potentials for covalent materials and stimulates further experimental and theoretical studies of melting behavior in BP.
Sowing Agroecology in Rio Doce through a Technical Assistance and Rural Outreach Program in a Territory Affected by the Biggest Environmental Disaster in Brazilian History
Authors: Anjos Luan Ritchelle Aparecido , Oliveira Moreira Fábio , Trivelato Ananda Deva Assis , Silva Iberê Marti Moreira , Sodré Ademar , Santos Marina Gabriela , Freitas Moreira Pedro , Stancioli Edel Figueiredo Barbosa , Barbosa David Soeiro , Costa Silvia Dantas , Cardoso Irene Maria , Pettan-Brewer Klaisy Christina
Published: August 2023

The work of an Agroecological Technical Assistance and Rural Outreach program (ATER, in its acronym in Portuguese) is a profound process of communication between technical specialists in agricultural production and farming families, specialists in their practice and their social context. The ATER program of the “Sowing Agroecology in Rio Doce” project works with 138 families whose farming activity was hampered by the rupture of the Fundão Mining Tailings Dam (Brazil), considered the greatest environmental disaster in Brazilian history. The work seeks to train family farmers for the agroecological transition, aiming at building production systems that operate in an economically viable, environmentally correct, socially fair, and culturally diverse way. The project takes place in three dimensions: animal, where the welfare and health of animals are worked on, and in the development of more autonomous systems regarding the use of inputs and medicines; natural goods, where it operates in agricultural production, water resources, and environmental conservation of the properties, aiming at the production free of pesticides and industrialized inputs; and culture, through understanding the social reality of families, valuing cultural manifestations and traditions, aiming to strengthen the social cohesion of communities and encourage cooperation between families, and seeking to create short marketing circuits, work groups, and collective purchases of inputs. In this way, the process takes place from the One Health perspective, as it seeks to integrate human, animal, and environmental health. This approach has contributed to increasing production and family autonomy, bringing economic viability, food security, and environmental conservation to the region.

Information

© The Authors 2023
NET histones inflame periodontitis
Authors: Papayannopoulos Venizelos
Published: August 2023

Microbial dysbiosis triggers inflammatory periodontitis. In this issue of JEM, Kim et al. (2023. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20221751) demonstrate that neutrophil extracellular trap histones are the major mediators fueling the pathogenic Th17 inflammation that promotes gum and bone loss in periodontitis.
A half-century of research on tuberculosis: Successes and challenges
Authors: Bloom Barry R.
Published: August 2023

Great progress has been made over the past half-century, but TB remains a formidable global health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis and necessary and sufficient conditions for protection are critical. The need for inexpensive and sensitive point-of-care diagnostic tests for earlier detection of infection and disease, shorter and less-toxic drug regimens for drug-sensitive and -resistant TB, and a more effective vaccine than BCG is immense. New and better tools, greater support for international research, collaborations, and training will be required to dramatically reduce the burden of this devastating disease which still kills 1.6 million people annually.
Graviton Momentum: A Natural Source of Dark Energy
Authors: Meng Samuel
Published: August 2023

The dark energy concept in the standard cosmological model can explain the expansion of the universe. However, the mysteries surrounding dark energy remain, such as its source, its unusual negative pressure, its long-range force, and its unchanged density as the universe expands. We propose a graviton momentum hypothesis, develop a semiclassical model of gravitons, and explain the pervasive dark matter and accelerating universe. The graviton momentum hypothesis is incorporated into the standard model and explains well the mysteries related to dark energy.
Ion formation in thermionic-emission-assisted hot magnetron sputtering discharge
Authors: Leonova K , Konstantinidis S , Britun N
Published: August 2023

We report an abrupt Nb ion formation in a direct current hot magnetron sputtering discharge as a result of target temperature increase to a certain point (1900 K in our case). The effect is explained by a significant thermionic emission from the target surface, leading to an enhanced electron impact ionization in plasma volume. The phenomenon is especially pronounced for Nb (refractory metal), for which higher target temperatures can be reached. The volume density mapping is undertaken for Nb neutrals and ions (by laser-based spectroscopy), emphasizing the found effects.
Analysis of anomalous transport with temporal fractional transport equations in a bounded domain
Authors: Wu 吴 Kaibang 凯邦 , Liu 刘 Jiayan 嘉言 , Liu 刘 Shijie 仕洁 , Wang 王 Feng 丰 , Wei 魏 Lai 来 , Luan 栾 Qibin 其斌 , Wang 王 Zheng-Xiong 正汹
Published: August 2023

Anomalous transport in magnetically confined plasmas is investigated using temporal fractional transport equations. The use of temporal fractional transport equations means that the order of the partial derivative with respect to time is a fraction. In this case, the Caputo fractional derivative relative to time is utilized, because it preserves the form of the initial conditions. A numerical calculation reveals that the fractional order of the temporal derivative α (α ∈ (0,1), sub-diffusive regime) controls the diffusion rate. The temporal fractional derivative is related to the fact that the evolution of a physical quantity is affected by its past history, depending on what are termed memory effects. The magnitude of α is a measure of such memory effects. When α decreases, so does the rate of particle diffusion due to memory effects. As a result, if a system initially has a density profile without a source, then the smaller the α is, the more slowly the density profile approaches zero. When a source is added, due to the balance of the diffusion and fueling processes, the system reaches a steady state and the density profile does not evolve. As α decreases, the time required for the system to reach a steady state increases. In magnetically confined plasmas, the temporal fractional transport model can be applied to off-axis heating processes. Moreover, it is found that the memory effects reduce the rate of energy conduction and hollow temperature profiles can be sustained for a longer time in sub-diffusion processes than in ordinary diffusion processes.
Quasi-synchronization of fractional-order complex networks with random coupling via quantized control
Authors: Zhang 张 Hongwei 红伟 , Cheng 程 Ran 然 , Ding 丁 Dawei 大为
Published: August 2023

We investigate the quasi-synchronization of fractional-order complex networks (FCNs) with random coupling via quantized control. Firstly, based on the logarithmic quantizer theory and the Lyapunov stability theory, a new quantized feedback controller, which can make all nodes of complex networks quasi-synchronization and eliminate the disturbance of random coupling in the system state, is designed under non-delay conditions. Secondly, we extend the theoretical results under non-delay conditions to time-varying delay conditions and design another form of quantization feedback controller to ensure that the network achieves quasi-synchronization. Furthermore, the error bound of quasi-synchronization is obtained. Finally, we verify the accuracy of our results using two numerical simulation examples.
Finite-time ℋ∞ filtering for Markov jump systems with uniform quantization
Authors: Dong 董 Jingjing 敬敬 , Ma 马 Xiaofeng 晓峰 , Zhang 张 Xiaoqing 晓庆 , Zhou 周 Jianping 建平 , Wang 王 Zhen 震
Published: August 2023

This paper is concerned with finite-time ℋ
∞ filtering for Markov jump systems with uniform quantization. The objective is to design quantized mode-dependent filters to ensure that the filtering error system is not only mean-square finite-time bounded but also has a prescribed finite-time ℋ
∞ performance. First, the case where the switching modes of the filter align with those of the MJS is considered. A numerically tractable filter design approach is proposed utilizing a mode-dependent Lyapunov function, Schur’s complement, and Dynkin’s formula. Then, the study is extended to a scenario where the switching modes of the filter can differ from those of the MJS. To address this situation, a mode-mismatched filter design approach is developed by leveraging a hidden Markov model to describe the asynchronous mode switching and the double expectation formula. Finally, a spring system model subject to a Markov chain is employed to validate the effectiveness of the quantized filter design approaches.
Novel transmission property of zero-index metamaterial waveguide doped with gain and lossy defects
Authors: Zhu 朱 Qionggan 琼干 , Chai 柴 Lichen 立臣 , Lu 路 Hai 海
Published: August 2023

Taking inspiration from quantum parity–time (PT) symmetries that have gained immense popularity in the emerging fields of non- Hermitian optics and photonics, the interest of exploring more generalized gain-loss interactions is never seen down. In this paper we theoretically present new fantastic properties through a zero-index metamaterial (ZIM) waveguide loaded gain and loss defects. For the case of epsilon-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ) based ZIM medium, electromagnetic (EM) waves are cumulative and the system behaves as an amplifier when the loss cavity coefficient is greater than the gain cavity coefficient. Conversely, when loss is less than gain, EM waves are dissipated and the system behaves as an attenuator. Moreover, our investigation is extended to non-Hermitian scenarios characterized by tailored distributions of gain and loss in the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) host medium. The transport effect in ZIM waveguide is amplified in one mode, while it is dissipative in the other mode, which breaks the common sense and its physic is analyzed by magnetic flux. That is which cavity has the smaller loss/gain coefficient, the larger its magnetic flux, which cavity dominates. This paper is of significant importance in the manipulation of electromagnetic waves and light amplification as well as the enhancement of matter interactions.
Nonlinear three-magnon scattering in low-damping La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films
Authors: Zhang 张 Yuelin 跃林 , Sheng 盛 Lutong 路通 , Chen 陈 Jilei 济雷 , Wang 王 Jie 婕 , Zhu 朱 Zengtai 增泰 , Yuan 袁 Rundong 润东 , Lu 鲁 Jingdi 京迪 , Wang 王 Hanchen 涵晨 , Hao 郝 Sijie 思洁 , Chen 陈 Peng 鹏 , Yu 于 Guoqiang 国强 , Han 韩 Xiufeng 秀峰 , Yu 于 Haiming 海明
Published: August 2023

Three-magnon scattering, a nonlinear process in which a high-energy magnon splits into two low-energy magnons with energy and momentum conservation, has been widely studied in the magnonics community. Here, we report experimental observation of nonlinear three-magnon scattering in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films with low magnetic damping (∼ 10−4) by all-electric and angle-resolved spin wave spectroscopy. The reflection spectra of the spin wave resonance with high-power excitation at Damon–Eshbach configuration demonstrate a scattering regime with gradual signal disappearance, where a magnon of Damon–Eshbach mode decays into two magnons of volume mode above the threshold power (−10 dBm) of the injected microwave. The nonlinear scattering is only allowed at low-field regime and the calculated dispersions of dipole-exchange spin wave claim the mechanism of allowed and forbidden three-magnon scattering. The films and heterostructures of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 have been already demonstrated with rich physical phenomena and great versatility, in this work the nonlinear magnetic dynamics of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 thin films is revealed, which offer more possibility for applications to oxide magnonics and nonlinear magnonic devices.
Change Ratios of Magnetic Helicity and Magnetic Free Energy During Major Solar Flares
Authors: Wang Quan , Zhang Mei , Yang Shangbin , Yang Xiao , Zhu Xiaoshuai
Published: August 2023

Magnetic helicity is an important concept in solar physics, with a number of theoretical statements pointing out the important role of magnetic helicity in solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Here we construct a sample of 47 solar flares, which contains 18 no-CME-associated confined flares and 29 CME-associated eruptive flares. We calculate the change ratios of magnetic helicity and magnetic free energy before and after these 47 flares. Our calculations show that the change ratios of magnetic helicity and magnetic free energy show distinct different distributions in confined flares and eruptive flares. The median value of the change ratios of magnetic helicity in confined flares is −0.8%, while this number is −14.5% for eruptive flares. For the magnetic free energy, the median value of the change ratios is −4.3% for confined flares, whereas this number is −14.6% for eruptive flares. This statistical result, using observational data, is well consistent with the theoretical understandings that magnetic helicity is approximately conserved in the magnetic reconnection, as shown by confined flares, and the CMEs take away magnetic helicity from the corona, as shown by eruptive flares.
Multi-wavelength Study of HESS J1303-631 with 14 yr of Fermi-LAT Data
Authors: Zhou Lian-Cheng , Xia Qi , Tian Shi-Ting , Gong Yun-lu , Fang Jun
Published: August 2023

HESS J1303-631 is an extended TeV pulsar wind nebula powered by the pulsar PSR J1301-6305 detected with the High Energy Stereoscopic System. We present an analysis of the GeV γ-ray region of HESS J1303-631 with about 14 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope data. The GeV γ-ray emission, coincident with the very-high-energy source, has a photon index of 1.69 ± 0.09 in 10–500 GeV band, and the GeV morphology has an extension to the same direction as indicated in the TeV band. Moreover, the observed multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution of the nebula is studied with a one-zone time-dependent leptonic model, in which the electrons/positrons injected into the nebula are assumed to have a broken power-law spectrum. The result indicates that the multi-wavelength non-thermal emission can be well reproduced via synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton scattering of the particles.
Relations between SMBH Parameters and Jet Generation and Efficiency in Blazars
Authors: Zhang H. , Zhang H. J.
Published: August 2023

We analyzed the relationship between several basic parameters describing supermassive black holes such as jet power, black hole spin, accretion disk magnetic field, black hole mass, etc. We found that there is a general correlation between these parameters, such as jet power is significantly positively correlated with black hole spin, while black hole mass is significantly negatively correlated with black hole spin. To apprehend these relationships, we consider the Blandford–Znajek model to be superior to the Blandford–Payne model. It is also found that the intrinsic gamma luminosity of the FSRQs has a positive correlation with the accretion disk magnetic field, while the intrinsic gamma luminosity of the BL Lacs has a negative correlation with the accretion disk magnetic field. A feedback effect may exist between accretion disk accretion rate and magnetic field, which may be the key to the evolution between BL Lacs and FSRQs. There is no significant difference in the jet power and jet generation efficiency of FSRQs and BL Lacs, which suggests that the jets are generated by the same mechanism. The contribution rate of accretion rate to jet generation efficiency is high, while the contribution rate of accretion rate to jet power is very low.