bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined Modality of Mechanical Breakdown and Intraembolus Thrombolysis in Failed Systemic Thrombolysis of Subacute Pulmonary Embolism Patients
Authors: MOHAN BISHAV , MAHAJAN VINEET , CHHABRA SHIBBA T.
Published: September 2010

Objectives:
 Acute massive pulmonary embolism with failed systemic thrombolysis has a high morbidity and mortality with few treatment options available. This study assesses the role of combined modality of mechanical fragmentation and intralesional thrombolysis in failed systemic thrombolysis.

Methods:
 Seven (13.5%) of 52 patients with massive pulmonary embolism with persistent cardiogenic shock that failed systemic thrombolysis underwent imaging to confirm pulmonary embolism, and then mechanical fragmentation and intralesional thrombolysis. Mechanical breakdown of embolus was accomplished with 5‐F multipurpose catheter to re‐establish flow, followed by intralesional infusion of urokinase (4,400 IU/kg over 10 minutes followed by 4,400 IU/kg per hour over 24 hours).

Results:
 Four (57.1%) of 7 were unsuccessfully thrombolyzed outside the hospital by urokinase, 2 (28.6%) with recombinant tissue‐type plasminogen activator (rtPA) and 1 (14.3%) with streptokinase systemically before 24–48 hours of admission. At presentation, average heart rate and shock index were 121.7/min and 1.45, respectively. Average systolic pulmonary arterial pressure was 73 ± 2.65 mmHg at presentation, and postoperatively was significantly reduced to 39.7 ± 10.44 mmHg (P < 0.001). Mortality at 24 hours, 30 days, and 2 years follow‐up was 0% (0/7).

Conclusions:
 Mechanical breakdown of thrombus followed by urokinase infusion may be a cost‐effective, minimally invasive, and potentially life‐saving procedure for the management of acute massive pulmonary embolism. Randomized controlled trials are required to compare this new strategy to contemporary conventional approaches. (J Interven Cardiol 2010;23:479–484)
On Estimating the Relationship between Longitudinal Measurements and Time‐to‐Event Data Using a Simple Two‐Stage Procedure
Authors: Albert Paul S. , Shih Joanna H.
Published: September 2010

Summary Ye, Lin, and Taylor (2008, Biometrics 64, 1238–1246) proposed a joint model for longitudinal measurements and time‐to‐event data in which the longitudinal measurements are modeled with a semiparametric mixed model to allow for the complex patterns in longitudinal biomarker data. They proposed a two‐stage regression calibration approach that is simpler to implement than a joint modeling approach. In the first stage of their approach, the mixed model is fit without regard to the time‐to‐event data. In the second stage, the posterior expectation of an individual's random effects from the mixed‐model are included as covariates in a Cox model. Although Ye et al. (2008) acknowledged that their regression calibration approach may cause a bias due to the problem of informative dropout and measurement error, they argued that the bias is small relative to alternative methods. In this article, we show that this bias may be substantial. We show how to alleviate much of this bias with an alternative regression calibration approach that can be applied for both discrete and continuous time‐to‐event data. Through simulations, the proposed approach is shown to have substantially less bias than the regression calibration approach proposed by Ye et al. (2008). In agreement with the methodology proposed by Ye et al. (2008), an advantage of our proposed approach over joint modeling is that it can be implemented with standard statistical software and does not require complex estimation techniques.
An Expectancy‐Value Approach to Determinants of Trust
Authors: Viklund Mattias , Sjöberg Lennart
Published: September 2010

An expectancy‐value model was used to test determinants of trust in 5 Swedish organizations. Trust was conceptualized as an attitude, dependent on respondents’ beliefs about and evaluations of the organization with respect to attributes of trustworthiness. A survey was sent out to a representative sample of the Swedish population (N = 347; response rate = 55.5%). It was found that the model was powerful in explaining trust in 3 of the 5 organizations. Values correlated more with observed trust in all organizations. It is discussed whether these findings could be explained by trust ratings based on ideologies. Since the expectancy‐value approach was insufficient to account for data, a double‐denial model (Sjöberg & Montgomery, 1999) was needed.
Juror Need for Cognition and Sensitivity to Methodological Flaws in Expert Evidence1
Authors: McAuliff Bradley D. , Kovera Margaret Bull
Published: September 2010

This study examined whether need for cognition (NC) moderated jurors' sensitivity to methodological flaws in expert evidence. Jurors read a sexual harassment trial summary in which the plaintiff's expert presented a study that varied in ecological validity, general acceptance, and internal validity. High NC jurors found the defendant liable more often and evaluated expert evidence quality more favorably when the expert's study was internally valid vs. missing a control group; low NC jurors did not. Ecological validity and general acceptance did not affect jurors' judgments. Ratings of expert and plaintiff credibility, plaintiff trustworthiness, and expert evidence quality were positively correlated with verdict. Theoretical implications for the scientific reasoning literature and practical implications for trials containing psychological science are discussed.
The Impact of Perceived Justice on Contingent Value Judgments1
Authors: Schröder Tobias , Mieg Harald A.
Published: September 2010

We asked citizens suffering from road traffic about their willingness to pay for the building of a new road bypassing their home village. Opponents of the project were asked what they would consider adequate compensation for accepting the bypass. The perceived fairness of a monetary exchange was the only predictor for the decision in principle to pay or to claim compensation, whereas the exact amount was determined by the expected utility provided by the bypass. Norms of equity or equality introduced in 2 experimental priming conditions biased respondents' willingness to pay. We suggest feeding back the results of contingent valuation surveys into the public debate, instead of interpreting them as a static measure of economic preferences.
Simultaneous versus two‐stage implant placement and guided bone regeneration in the canine: histomorphometry at 8 and 16 months
Authors: Artzi Zvi , Nemcovsky Carlos E. , Tal Haim , Weinberg Evgeny , Weinreb Miron , Prasad Hari , Rohrer Michael D. , Kozlovsky Avital
Published: September 2010

Artz Z, Nemcovsky CE, Tal H Weinberg E, Weinreb M, Prasad H, Rohrer MD, Kozlovsky A. Simultaneous versus two‐stage implant placement and guided bone regeneration in the canine: histomorphometry at 8 and 16 months. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 1029–1038. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01621.x.

Aim: To compare the effect of timing of implant placement and guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure on osseointegration and newly formed bone at 8 and 16 months.

Material and Methods: In seven dogs, four different sites were bilaterally established: (1) an implant placed in a 6‐month healed (6m‐GBR) bovine bone mineral (BBM) grafted site; (2) a simultaneously placed implant with the grafted BBM (Si‐GBR) followed by a membrane coverage; (3) an implant placed in a membrane‐protected non‐grafted defect; and (4) an implant placement in a naturally healed site (Cont). Histomorphometry was obtained at 8 and 16 months post‐implant placement. Bone–implant contact (BIC), crestal bone resorption (CBR), vertical intra‐bony (VIB) defect, bone (BAF) and particle (PAF) area fractions, and osteoconductivity (CON) levels were measured.

Results: In all sites, BIC ranged between 62% and 79% with no significant differences. PAF ranged from 17% to 27%, with no effect of time. At 8 and 16 months, BAF was significantly smaller at the Si‐GBR site when compared with all other sites, CON was significantly greater at the 6m‐GBR site, and CBR and VIB were significantly smaller at the 6m‐GBR when compared with the Si‐GBR sites.

Conclusions: The simultaneous and delayed techniques both showed a similar osseointegration level over time. However, the staged approach showed enhanced newly formed bone, higher osteoconduction around the grafted mineral, less CBR, and smaller vertical bone defect over time compared with the combined approach.
Interferon‐γ induces upregulation and activation of the interleukin‐31 receptor in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Feld Micha , Shpacovitch Victoria M. , Fastrich Michaela , Cevikbas Ferda , Steinhoff Martin
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Interleukin‐31 (IL‐31), a recently discovered cytokine derived from T helper cells, is involved in chronic dermatitis and pruritus. This study demonstrates for the first time that the IL‐31 receptor complex for IL‐31 is substantially upregulated in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells after stimulation with interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ). Activation of the IL‐31 receptor complex results in the induction of the intracellular ERK1/2 signaling pathway and downregulation of IFN‐γ‐induced monokine induced by IFN‐γ expression. Inhibitor studies revealed that the IFN‐γ‐induced IL‐31RA upregulation is processed via JNK and PI3 kinase activation. In sum, our study points toward an interaction between the TH1‐derived cytokine IFN‐γ and the TH2‐derived cytokine IL‐31 on endothelial cells.
Life Must Be Led in the Dark. Hans Vaihinger’s The Philosophy of “As If” in William Gaddis’s The Recognitions
Authors: Van Ewijk Petrus
Published: September 2010

In an interview with Tom LeClair, William Gaddis suggests that The Recognitions (1955) is infused with “a nostalgia for order,” a hope that there are “origins of design” (LeClair 2007, 19). Gaddis is fascinated by the tension between order and chaos (p. 25) and has clearly turned it into one of the central themes of his first novel. Both the protagonist and his father are seriously affected by this tension. They are visibly struggling to come to grips with the confusing world surrounding them and long for a system through which they might comfortably approach reality. Though the novel alludes to many different doctrines, myths or beliefs, they do not lead to the resolution of this struggle. Gregory Comnes points out that “rival systems of order” in Gaddis’s novel constantly “conflict but never resolve” (Comnes 1994, 41). The Recognitions harbors a refusal to “reflect the superiority of any one system” (p. 41) and exposes the inadequacy of these frameworks to touch upon the essence of reality. The artificiality of essentialist frameworks is emphasized by, among others, several references to Hans Vaihinger’s The Philosophy of “As If”. Despite the fact that Steven Moore’s Reader’s Guide to William Gaddis’s “The Recognitions” covers these references, there has been no further attempt to fully gauge the relevance of Die Philosophie des Als Ob (Gaddis 2003, 530).1 This essay will concentrate on the tragic character developments of Wyatt Gwyon and his father, the Reverend Gwyon, as a direct result of conflicting frameworks and interpret them in light of the “As If” philosophy. A heightened awareness of what Vaihinger designates as “fictions” will not only elucidate the parallel between the evolutions of both the younger and the elder Gwyon, but also clarify the rather ambiguous presence of religion within the novel.
Eros as ‘Pteros’. Allegorical Mythology in Plato’s Phaedrus
Authors: Kluge Sofie
Published: September 2010

While most experts agree that myth plays an important role in Plato’s dialogues, the more exact nature of this role still haunts Platonic studies. Critical perspectives have changed over the years, yet two essential positions continue to prevail, equally interlacing their interpretation of Plato’s view of myth with an estimation of his own qualities as a literary author: on one hand, negligence of the intrinsic aesthetico‐philosophical interest of Platonic myth and unreserved or qualified subordination of poetic mythos to philosophical logos; on the other hand, recognition of the significance of Plato’s myths and relaxation of the dichotomy of philosophy and myth conducing in some cases even to evaluation of poetic myth over philosophical dialectic.

In order to appreciate the fundamental interaction of literature and philosophy in these myths, I suggest that we approach them armed with the tools of close textual analysis and a redefined concept of allegory – tools frequently employed in relation to Platonic myth, albeit generally in a thoroughly negative or, at best, imprecise way. On the basis of a close reading of the myth in Phaedrus 246a–256e, key passage to understanding the status of myth in Plato’s work, I tie Platonic writing to an allegorical aesthetics intricately entwined with the philosophical core of the dialogue.
“Beauty lies in the eye of the beholder”? Aspects of beauty and attractiveness
Authors: Borelli Claudia , Berneburg Mirjam
Published: September 2010

Discussing aesthetic issues and their management with patients is a growing area of dermatologic practice. Sometimes treatment options within one's own discipline are rapidly discussed, without a clear idea of the various aspects of the face which all combine to produce beauty and attractiveness. We review various features leading to the impression of beauty and attractiveness. Familiarity with these concepts should facilitate a broader discussion with the patient on the aspects of beauty and attractiveness beyond the borders of one's own discipline and also lead to multidisciplinary treatment options. We also examine the question how much the personality of the beholder himself is involved in the perception of attractiveness and beauty (of the person sitting opposite to him).

The “ideal” face has an average profile with slightly protrusive and full lips. Attractiveness increases with average features and symmetry. Moreover, particular features such as the scheme of childlike characteristics combined with aspects of maturity and expression make a female face appear especially beautiful. Which attributes contribute to attractiveness of a man's face are controversial. Clear male signals such as a strong chin are likely not to increase attractiveness.
Rapidly metastatic carcinoma in lupo in a patient with lupus vulgaris for more than 50 years
Authors: Wulff‐Woesten Andrea , Hildebrandt Uwe , Leverkus Martin , Ulrich Jens
Published: September 2010

According to current statistics of the WHO, tuberculosis is the infectious disease that causes the most deaths worldwide. Its most common cutaneous manifestation is lupus vulgaris which is seldom diagnosed today. A 69‐year old immunocompetent woman complained of a partly elevated, partly sclerotic plaque on her left thigh which had been present for more than 55 years before slowly becoming ulcerated. After biopsy and subsequent excision of the 13 cm ulcer, the diagnosis of carcinoma in lupo with lymph node metastasis was made. Cutaneous and additional nodal metastases appeared rapidly. Tuberculostatic therapy was initiated. Despite systemic chemotherapy the tumor subsequently progressed and the patient died of metastatic carcinoma in lupo 15 months after the initial diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of lupus vulgaris might have prevented the development of carcinoma in lupo and ensuing metastatic death of the patient.
Systematic approach to hair loss in women
Authors: Trüeb Ralph M.
Published: September 2010

Diffuse hair loss is a common complaint and cause of significant emotional distress particularly in women. The best way to alleviate the anxiety is to effectively treat the hair loss. It is paramount to address the symptom systematically. In addition to its psychological impact, hair loss may be a manifestation of a more general medical problem. The diagnosis can be established with a detailed patient history focussing on chronology of events, examination of the scalp and pattern of hair loss, a pull test with examination of bulbs of shed hairs, trichoscopy, and few pertinent screening blood tests. In selected cases a scalp biopsy may be required. The most important differential diagnoses include acute and chronic telogen effluvium, female pattern hair loss, and diffuse alopecia areata. Occasionally, patients seeking advice are not necessarily losing hair. In the absence of convincing evidence of hair loss, they are suffering of psychogenic pseudoeffluvium, and thought should be given to an underlying psychological disorder. Once the diagnosis is established, treatment appropriate for that diagnosis is likely to control the hair loss. Finally, appropriate psychological support and education about the basics of the hair cycle, and why considerable patience is required for effective cosmetic recovery, are essential to help limit patient anxiety.
Combination therapy with extracorporeal photopheresis, interferon‐α, PUVA and topical corticosteroids in the management of Sézary syndrome
Authors: Booken Nina , Weiß Christel , Utikal Jochen , Felcht Moritz , Goerdt Sergij , Klemke Claus‐Detlev
Published: September 2010

Background: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is recommended for the treatment of Sézary syndrome (SS), the leukemic variant of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). Several combination therapies are used to increase response rates to ECP.

Patients and Methods: We report our experience with the combination therapy of ECP, interferon‐α, PUVA and topical corticosteroids in SS.

Results: The treatment outcome in 12 SS patients was retrospectively analyzed and showed an overall response rate to this combination treatment of 42 % with 4/12 patients achieving a partial remission and 1/12 patients a stable disease. The median overall survival time was 42 months. We investigated several clinical and laboratory parameters as an indicator for a response to treatment in our patient cohort. A combined analysis of the erythroderma assessment scale, WBC, LDH, CD4/CD8 ratio and the number of Sézary cells revealed that a reduction of several parameters significantly correlated with response to treatment. The parameters which correlated best with response were number of Sézary cells, CD4/CD8 ratio and WBC.

Conclusions: The investigated combination therapy was effective and well‐tolerated in a subgroup of SS patients but needs to be evaluated in a larger patient population.
Photodynamic therapy in dermatology
Authors: Steinbauer Julia M. , Schreml Stephan , Kohl Elisabeth A. , Karrer Sigrid , Landthaler Michael , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus
Published: September 2010

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern therapy modality, based upon the application of a photosensitizing agent like aminolevulinic acid, a physiological precursor of porphyrins, onto the tissue followed by illumination with light of the visible wavelength spectrum. During this oxygen‐dependent reaction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated that have immunomodulatory or cytotoxic effects. PDT shows excellent cosmetic results especially for its key indication in dermatology – the treatment of non‐melanoma skin cancer. The associated pain and the low tissue penetration are the most frequent limiting factors of PDT. We review basic principles and recent developments in photosensitizers and light sources. Key oncological and non‐oncological indications are presented as well.
Histamine as an immunomodulator
Authors: Bäumer Wolfgang , Roßbach Kristine
Published: September 2010

The role of histamine as an important proinflammatory mediator has been well known for nearly 100 years. In regards to the immediate type allergic response, there is no debate about the importance of histamine. In addition, histamine has immunomodulatory functions, some of which are related to the histamine H2 receptor. However, with the discovery of the histamine H4receptor in the year 2000, the role of histamine as an immunomodulator became more obvious. The histamine H4receptor is expressed on several hematopoietic cells; along with the chemotaxis of immune cells, this recently characterized receptor modulates also the cytokine and chemokine secretion of some hematopoietic cells. Highly selective histamine H4receptor antagonists display promising results in animal models of allergic inflammatory diseases and also in in vitro studies on animal and human cells. These first results indicate that the histamine H4receptor is an interesting new pharmacological target for the treatment of allergic inflammatory disorders. This review summarizes the most important immunomodulatory functions of histamine and points to some possible indications in dermatology.
Annular fixed drug eruption
Authors: Tan Cheng , Zhu Wen‐Yuan
Published: September 2010

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) usually presents as a single oval to round violaceous patch after administration of the causative drug. We describe a case of FDE presenting with multiple annular erythematous lesions over dorsal aspects of both feet following the administration of phenobarbital. To the best of our knowledge, such an atypical demonstration had never been reported. Fixed drug eruption should be considered in the differential diagnosis of annular lesions.
Sofa dermatitis
Authors: Schad Karin , Nobbe Stephan , French Lars E. , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara
Published: September 2010

Furniture components can cause contact allergies. In the last years several cases of eczema after sofa contact have been reported. Typically the skin lesions develop on the back, the buttocks, the dorsal aspects of the thighs and arms and are often very resistant to topical corticoid therapy. Dimethylfumarate (DMF) is postulated to be the causative agent for this Type IV hypersensitivity reaction. DMF is an antimicrobial substance, which is used in asian upholstered furniture industry amongst others. We report the case of a 65‐year old patient with generalised severely itching maculopapular, partly eczematous skin lesions on the buttocks, back, abdomen and arms.

The resistance to therapy, several relapses after discharge from hospital as well as the detailed history lead us to the tentative diagnosis. The sofa dermatitis was proven by positive patch testing with furniture material and dimethylfumarate.
Revolution and the Collective Action of the French, American, and English Legal Professions
Authors: Burrage Michael
Published: September 2010

The French, American, and English legal professions are compared in terms of four common goals: to control admission and training, to protect their jurisdiction, to regulate the behavior of their members, and to enhance their cooperative status. The varying ways in which revolutionary attacks affected their capacity to realize these goals is traced. It is argued that these attacks, and the way lawyers in these societies recovered from them, largely explain the differences between the three professions in the modem world.
Statistical Sampling in Tax Audits
Authors: Bright Joseph C. , Kadane Joseph B. , Nagin Daniel S.
Published: September 2010

The courts, with some important qualifications, have been reluctant to uphold tax assessments based on a review of only a sample of all transactions. In this article we argue that audit assessments based on appropriately drawn and analyzed statistical samples do not suffer from the defects that the courts have correctly concluded mar assessments based on nonstatistical samples. We do, however, argue that because of the inherent imprecision of assessments based on a less-than-complete review of all records, the calculation of the assessment should include a factor to take into account the risk that the taxpayer has been overassessed. We suggest an assessment rule that does just this and also recommend guidelines for the use of statistical sampling in tax audits.
Administrative Review in a System of Conflicting Values
Authors: Gilboy Janet A.
Published: September 2010

An issue of continuing debate in the legal and social science literature is how best to control and validate the exercise of essentially legislative powers by administrative agencies. This study examines one mechanism of control, administrative de novo review of agency decisionmaking. It explores how this device functions in immigration bail administration, a system where there is a broad and vague delegation of detention and bail powers to government officials in an area of law where there is no set of preferences as to how conflicting policy claims are to be weighed in decisionmaking. The study shows a system in turmoil. The de novo review body—the immigration court—frequently and substantially modifies the Immigration Service's initial bail decisions. Because there is no agreement on the norms to guide decisionmaking, these changes have little effect on ongoing agency activity and policies. Pronounced interagency conflict and extreme decisional disparity persist given limited institutional and political arrangements for dealing with this dissensus. The study explores in detail the institutional cultures and conflicting legal and social values that shape the practice and patterns of de novo review in this field of law and discusses the implications of such conflict for the full functioning of this external review device.
Laws, Models, and Real People: Choice of Chapter in Personal Bankruptcy
Authors: Sullivan Teresa A. , Warren Elizabeth , Westbrook Jay Lawrence
Published: September 2010

It has been a central assumption in bankruptcy policy debates that financially troubled persons faced with bankruptcy will respond to economic incentives and disincentives. Two provisions of the Bankruptcy Code (Chapters 7 and 13) are most commonly used by individual debtors. Under Chapter 7 debtors agree to give up all their property (n excess of state-determined exemptions) to a trustee for sale and distribution to creditors. Under Chapter 13 debtors keep all their property but agree to pay all or part of their debts over three to five years. This empirical study of fifteen hundred consumers in three states explores whether economic incentives and disincentives are in fact the chief factors influencing choice of chapter. The analysis demonstrates that while economic factors play a part, noneconomic factors are also significant, among them intra- and interstate migration, marital status, self-employment, state of residence, and local legal culture. We conclude that to explore fully how individual decisions are made, the simplistic economic model must be replaced by a more sophisticated model that accounts for both economic and noneconomic factors.
Four Agrilus species (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae) new to Korea
Authors: LEE Jun‐Gu , KIM Jin Ill , AHN Kee‐Jeong
Published: September 2010

Four species of the genus Agrilus Curtis, A. fissus Obenberger, A. marginicollis Saunders, A. plasoni plasoni Obenberger and A. rokuyai rokuyai Kurosawa, are reported for the first time in Korea. Descriptions, habitus photos and illustrations of aedeagus are provided.
New records of three species of genus Gabrius Stephens (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in Korea
Authors: CHO Young Bok
Published: September 2010

Three Gabrius species, Gabrius mandschuricus Bernhauer, G. praesignis Schillhammer and G. zerchei Schillhammer, are identified for the first time in Korea. A taxonomic key of Korean Gabrius species is provided.
Oyster Culture and Disease1
Authors: Mackin John G.
Published: September 2010

A review of oyster diseases is presented. A plan is suggested to collect oyster larvae from a complex of reefs in the Gulf of Mexico between Point Au Fer and the west end of Marsh Island in Louisiana. The larvae, thus collected, would be cultured off‐bottom.
Oyster Farming in North America
Authors: Shaw William N.
Published: September 2010

The history of oyster culture in North America is reviewed. Japan's oyster culture is discussed, and the advantages of off‐bottom culture are given.
Experimental Cage Culture of Channel Catfish in Heated Discharge Water
Authors: Tilton John E. , Kelley James E.
Published: September 2010

Cage culture of catfish was tested in heated waters that were discharged from steam‐electric generating stations. Preliminary results indicated that catfish could be successfully cultured. In one cage a net increase in weight of 400% was obtained in 62 days.
The Influence of Feed Levels on the Growth of Grooved Penaeid Shrimp in Mariculture1
Authors: Subrahmanyam C. B. , Oppenheimer C. H.
Published: September 2010

Various sizes of grooved penaeid shrimp were fed 5 and 10% of their body weight. An economical feed level giving best growth is discussed.
Algal Culture as a Source of Feed1
Authors: Taub Frieda B.
Published: September 2010

The batch and continuous culture methods of marine algae are discussed. Protein content of algae, their production reliability, and effects of several types of additives are presented, and their nutritional potential for mariculture is stressed.
Pathology of Pompano with Whirling Disease and Spanish Mackerel with Enteric Cestodiasis1
Authors: Brown Richard J.
Published: September 2010

A gram‐variable bacteria from pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) is discussed; a helminth is described from a Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus).
Striped Bass Culture
Authors: Stevens Robert E.
Published: September 2010

The history of striped bass (Roccus saxatilis) culture is reviewed. Hormone injections, spawning, rearing, and stocking programs are discussed.
Quahog Clams and their Possible Mariculture
Authors: Menzel R. W.
Published: September 2010

The quahog clam (Mercenaria sp.) is discussed as having potential for mariculture. The biology, and mariculture techniques are covered. Recommendations are made toward culture of the clam.
Preliminary Report on the Culture of the Stone Crab
Authors: Yang Won Tack
Published: September 2010

Mass‐culture experiments of stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) were successfully performed in 1970. Ovigerous female stone crabs were obtained from traps set in Biscayne Bay, Miami, Florida. The females were held separately in indoor aquaria. A maximum of 10 ovipositions (spawnings) within one inter‐molt phase were observed for a single female over a 120‐day period. During this period, the embryonic duration of the eggs was approximately 10 days at temperatures of 29 to 30 C, and the period between larval hatching and the female's next oviposition was 2 to 3 days.

The duration of the larval period (five zoeal stages and one megalopal stage) was 14 days at temperatures ranging between 30.5 and 32.0 C, with salinity in excess of 30 ppt; 18 days were required at temperatures ranging from 28.0 to 30.0 C in the same salinity range. The time requirements in mass culture were found to be greatly reduced compared with individual compartment culture methods, which normally would take 20 to 21 days.

Experiments using two different filtered seawater media were performed. In one, seawater was filtered through a 165 μ mesh screen; in the second seawater was filtered through a fine dacron wool filter. Results were similar.

Initial larval culture media was stabilized by adding Chlorella to the culture seawater. The early zoeae were fed with separately cultured rotifers (Branchionus plicatilis) and Artemia nauplii. Only Artemia nauplii were provided for the late zoeal stages. The food for megalopae and juveniles was chopped fish and squid. To reduce cannibalism in the megalopal stages a screen‐ring was installed. This screen also provided a good substratum for settling.

The maximum young crab yield was about 360 second‐stage crabs in a 200 1 plastic container, and 960 second‐stage crabs in a 600 1 capacity wooden tank. The best survival rate from hatching to the first crab stage was about 9%. Mortality occurred primarily in the magalopal stage.

A promising future for stone crab culture is indicated from the growth rates obtained beyond the juvenile crab stage. Individuals reared separately in the indoor aquaria showed rapid growth. The most rapidly growing individual reached a carapace length of 9.1 cm and a weight of 236 g in 7 months from hatching. Approximately 10 molts are required to reach this size from the first crab stage. The color pattern of the cultured crab was noticeably different from that found in nature.
Thermal Aquaculture Design1
Authors: Yee William C.
Published: September 2010

This paper presents a conceptual design for intensive aquaculture in flowing warm water. Shrimp biology and technology were used as the model, but the concept is applicable to any culturable aquatic species. A culture channel was divided into pens, each successively larger in bottom surface area than the last. Each pen area was proportional to the area of a segment of a typical S‐shaped shrimp growth curve. Heated water was blended with ambient water to maintain a constant water inlet temperature of 27 C. The stream of uniform depth flowed through the channel at a constant rate. Shrimp in culture were allowed to remain in one pen until they attained a density, g per m2, which was constant for all pens. They were moved successively to larger and larger pens until they reached a specified marketable size. Once the system reaches steady‐state, it should be possible to harvest continually, say week after week, the year‐round.
The Use of Mariculture to Produce a Quality Food Product, a Challenge for the Future1
Authors: Cobb Bryant F.
Published: September 2010

The success of a mariculture industry may depend upon the quality of the food product. This review presents some of the problems to be considered by the mariculturist in producing a high‐quality fish or shellfish.
The Academic‐Industrial Relationship in Mariculture
Authors: Mulvihill Paul
Published: September 2010

The academic world and the business community not only coexist, but they actually depend on each other. The researcher needs funds and support for his work; the business man needs the researcher to help provide the answers.
Distribution of Aquatic Macrofauna in a Marsh on West Galveston Bay, Texas and Possible Effects Thereon Resulting from Impoundments for Shrimp Culture
Authors: Parker Jack C. , Klussmann Wallace G. , Holcomb Hoyt W. , McNeill James C.
Published: September 2010

A survey was conducted to identify the macrofauna of a marsh adjacent to West Galveston Bay, Texas. The factors affecting its distribution were studied to help evaluate changes which might result in the event that large areas of the marsh were impounded for shrimp culture.

As a result of frequent tidal floods, saline conditions generally prevailed within the marsh. Freshwater floods resulting from local rainfall were common, but salt leached from the bottom sediments coupled with subsequent tidal floods readily reestablished saline conditions.

The fauna consisted of a variety of marine and estuarine species. Those species that were abundant throughout the year and constituted the stable macrofauna were Cyprinodon variegatus, Fundulus grandis, Poecilia latipinna, Mugil cephalus, Menidia beryllina, Palaemonetes sp., and Callinectes sapidus. These are among the hardiest of coastal aquatic animals and exhibited broad temperature and salinity tolerances.

Marine dependent species were able to enter the marsh during tidal floods, and many were trapped when waters receded. Postlarvae of some of these species were able to invade the marsh at normal tide level through narrow, vegetation‐clogged ditches leading inland from the bay. Conditions were seldom favorable, however, for the return of marine species to the bay. They usually died as a result of low temperatures during the winter or drought conditions during the summer. These species generally disappeared from the marsh following freshwater floods and it was assumed that they were either forced out into the bay or died as a result of the rapid decline in salinity which usually occurred.

Construction of large‐scale impoundments for shrimp culture, at the expense of removing flooded grasslands, would alter the physical features of the marsh and significantly reduce habitat suitable for year‐round survival of the stable macrofauna. In addition, competitor and predator control in these ponds would require the removal of all aquatic macrofauna other than shrimp. The impact of these changes on the total marsh ecosystem is not known but should be considered and studied in detail before ponds are constructed. Conceivably, marsh areas could be managed so as to insure a reasonable amount of habitat for the stable macrofauna while allowing ample lands for shrimp culture.
Artificially Induced Spawning of the Florida Pompano Under Controlled Conditions1
Authors: Hoff Frank , Rowell Carlton , Pulver Terry
Published: September 2010

Pompano (Trachinotus carolinus), conditioned by temperature and light and stimulated by hormone injections, were forced to spawn during the non‐breeding season. Three consecutive regimes of temperature and light were used: 1) 26 days at 18 C and 10 hours light; 2) 21 days at 23 C and 13 hours light; and 3) 25 to 33 days at 28 C and 15 hours light. Conditioned fish were then periodically injected with varying dosages of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and pregnant mare serum (PMS). Spawning was obtained only from HCG injected fish. Ripe eggs were expressed 80 hours after the initial injection. Fertilized eggs hatched after 24 to 26 hours at 28 C.
Comparative Growth, Mortality and Efficiency of Pompano (Trachinotus Carolinus) Receiving a Diet of Ground Industrial fish with those receiving A Diet of trout chow1
Authors: Tatum Walter M.
Published: September 2010

High costs of commercially produced feeds coupled with high conversions of feed to fish flesh inflates the production cost of marine fish and shellfish and subsequently reduces the opportunity for profit to the potential mariculturist. This paper summarizes the results of tests conducted utilizing a diet of inexpensive ground industrial fish mixed with soybean meal and compares the growth, mortality and efficiency of fish receiving this diet to those receiving a diet of commercially produced trout chow. Discussed also are techniques used in capturing and rearing young pompano for the tests as well as actual cultural techniques.
Shrimp Culture Studies in Honduras 1969–1971
Authors: Broom Jerry G.
Published: September 2010

Two 2.23 ha and two 0.2 ha ponds were constructed on the Caribbean Coast of Honduras, Central America during a joint venture of Armour and Company and the United Fruit Company to initiate commercial shrimp culture in artificial ponds. The shrimp used during the course of the project were Penaeus duorarum, P. aztecus, P. californiensis, P. setiferus, P. schmitti, and P. occidentalis. Because of the unavailability of postlarvae the ponds were often not stocked at a commercial density; however, the following were the best growth rates of each species during some part of their growth period: P. duorarum 1.0 g/week, P. californiensis 2.0, P. schmitti 3.0, P. occidentalis 6.0. In most cases postlarvae were stocked directly into production ponds, but experiments were conducted using a nursery pond as an intermediary step. Feeds used during the experiments contained 26 to 60% protein and were distributed by hand from boats and from the shore. Weekly growth samples were obtained using a shrimp trawl. Harvesting was generally accomplished by draining, but a spillway method was tried and harvested 42, 62, 63, and 81% of the population in the ponds while only lowering the pond levels 0.61 m. Shrimp yields in kilos per ha were low. Mortalities varied drastically when postlarvae were stocked directly in production ponds, but appeared to be less when juveniles were stocked from nursery ponds. P. californiensis, P. schmitti and P. occidentalis of both sexes matured in the experimental ponds at ages of less than 10 months. Temperatures and salinities were well within the range for good growth and survival of shrimp and though rainfall was high, salinities were not appreciably depressed.
Plastic Wading Pools for Holding and Raising Penaeid Shrimp Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Venkataramaiah A. , Lakshmi G. J.
Published: September 2010

Shallow plastic children's wading pools proved to be advantageous for holding shrimp in a closed water system on a long term basis. In the pools, factors such as more bottom area per animal and lower light intensities apparently facilitate the shrimp's natural diurnal rhythm. Maintenance of the water quality and aeration in the pools required comparatively less attention than aquaria. The pools permit normal growth among shrimp, with low mortality. Advantages of the pools in combating the high mortality rates of shrimp under the laboratory conditions are discussed.
The effects of Salinity and Feeding Levels on the Growth Rate and Food Conversion Efficiency of the Shrimp Penaeus Aztecus
Authors: Venkataramaiah A. , Lakshmi G. J. , Gunter Gordon
Published: September 2010

Commercial brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) were grown in various salinity concentrations with different quantities of food. The effects of the medium concentration and feed levels on the growth rates of shrimp and the conversion efficiency are discussed.

Conversion efficiency was uniformly highest at all salinities used at the lowest daily feed level, which was 20% of the biomass. Growth rates were highest at 25 to 50% seawater, as compared to 75 and 100%, for all feed levels. The growth rates and high conversion efficiency in the low salinity concentrations in the laboratory conditions correspond to rates in the natural habitat and the ecological significance is discussed.
Effect of Fish Removal on the Growth and Condition of White Shrimp in Brackish Ponds1
Authors: Parker Jack C. , Jr Hoyt W. Holcomb , Klussmann Wallace G. , IV James C. McNeill
Published: September 2010

The effect of fish removal on the growth and condition of juvenile white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) was examined using a 0.5 and 1.0 ha pond near West Galveston Bay, Texas. Prior to stocking, the 1.0 ha pond was treated with a rotenone compound (Chem Fish Collector) at a rate of 1.0 ppm to remove fish. Those species removed were Brevoortia patronus, Myrophis punctatus, Cyprinodon variegatus, Fundulus grandis, Poecilia latipinna, Leiostomus xanthurus, Mugil cephalus, and Menidia beryllina. These species were abundant in the 0.5 ha pond. Juvenile white shrimp were stocked in both ponds at a rate of 50,000 per ha and fed a supplemental pelleted ration 3 days a week at a rate of 10% of their estimated total weight.

After 77 days, shrimp in the treated pond averaged 12.3 mm longer and 4.0 g heavier than those in the pond with fish, and seine samples indicated that shrimp abundance had noticeably declined in the pond with fish. It was concluded that fish not only prey on shrimp, thus reducing their numbers, but also compete with them for supplemental and natural feeds, thus depressing their growth rate. Condition of shrimp in the treated pond was significantly better than in the untreated pond throughout the duration of the experiment, but this probably resulted because the seed stock were taken from different bay populations. In both ponds, the condition of the shrimp declined drastically during the first 8 days after stocking, but then gradually improved throughout the remainder of the experiment. The length‐weight relationship of shrimp in each pond is also presented. A comparison of these relationships confirmed that shrimp in the treated pond were in better condition throughout their entire size range than those in the pond with fish, but again, the difference could be the result of different populations of seed stock.
Selection and Hybridization in the Mariculture of Oysters and Clams
Authors: Menzel Winston
Published: September 2010

A program for genetical improvement of oysters and clams, with emphasis on better growth under different environmental conditions, will be started at Florida State University, funded by the Sea Grant Program. Growth rates are partly controlled by genetical factors, and selection for these, along with other desirable traits, will be attempted, through intra‐ and interspecific crossing. Hybridization is known to occur between three exotic species of our native oysters and there are indications that desirable traits from the exotic species, along with selection for better growth, could be established in our native species. The commercial advantages have been demonstrated in quahog clam (Mercenaria sp.) hybrids, with the faster growth of the southern parent and the good keeping qualities of the northern. Additional selection and hybridization attempts will be made to better the product.
Studies on the Nutritional Requirements of Penaeid Shrimps1
Authors: Andrews James W. , Sick Lowell V.
Published: September 2010

Data from two protein‐energy requirement experiments demonstrated that the addition of a lipid supplement or glucose to penaeid shrimp diets suppressed growth, whereas the addition of starch enhanced growth. The optimal dietary level of protein appeared to be around 30%. Data from an isotope incorporation study revealed that 14C from labeled dietary proteins, protein hydrolysates, tripalmitin, palmitic acid, starch and glucose were digested, absorbed and incorporated into shrimp muscle tissue. Incorporation from labeled proteins was at a three times faster rate than from protein hydrolysates, and 14C from palmitic acid was incorporated at twice the rate as from tripalmitin.
THE USE OF HEATED EFFLUENTS FROM POWER PLANTS FOR THE WINTER PRODUCTION OF SOFT SHELL CRABS1
Authors: Reimer Rollin D. , Strawn Kirk
Published: September 2010

This research was conducted July, 1969 through February, 1970 at the P. H. Robinson Generating Station on Galveston Bay, Texas and deals with the potential of using heated water from an electric generating station for a soft shell, blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) industry.

In cost per kg the soft shell crab is one of the more valuable resources being fished along the Atlantic Coast and Gulf of Mexico. The lack of competition from a wild winter stock of soft shell blue crabs would add value to a winter fisheries. The presence of a large wild stock of hard shell blue crabs throughout the year could provide the industry with an inexpensive stocking source.

Molting in the intake and discharge canals occured at temperatures between 15 and 35C; the majority of molting crabs were taken in the intake from July to the middle of October and from the discharge from the middle of October through February. Ten percent of the crabs taken after the initial drop below 15 C in the intake canal were soft while 24% of the crabs taken in the discharge canal during the same period of time were soft.

The use of the intake canal waters during the warmest months, when discharge temperatures are too high for holding crabs, could make this a year round industry. Holding tanks for maintaining hard and peeler crabs could be moved from one canal to the other as water temperatures demanded.
MARINE FISH PROPAGATION WITH ATLANTIC CROAKER
Authors: Cooke C. Robert , Mooney Richard G.
Published: September 2010

Atlantic croaker (Micropogon undulatus) were collected by hook and line in the Lower Laguna Madre at Port Isabel, Texas. The fish were transported to the Olmito State Fish Hatchery at Brownsville, Texas in a 3,780 liter transport tank.

At the hatchery each fish was weighed, cathetered for egg sample, and placed in a 3,780 liter plastic swimming pool. Female croaker were injected with 300 I.U. of chorionic gonadotrophin per 454 g of body weight. The hormone caused the croaker to gain 50 g of water weight, and eggs matured in 33 hours after injection at 22 to 25 C. At this time, eggs were stripped into a small bowl, and milt was added and spread with a feather. Saltwater was added to activate sperm and diatomaceous earth was used to coat eggs to prevent clumping.

Fertilized eggs were placed in various incubating systems to determine the best system for croaker and related species. Hatching began at 20 hours after the eggs were placed in incubators when the temperature was held at 20 to 25 C. At hatching the larvae were approximately 1.5 mm in length, transparent, eyes unpigmented, and digestive system and mouth lacking.