bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silver nanoparticles alter the dimerization of Aβ42 studied by REMD simulations
Authors: Thai Quynh Mai , Tran Phuong-Thao , Phung Huong T. T. , Pham Minh Quan , Ngo Son Tung
Published: May 2024

The dimerization of the Aβ42 peptide is inhibited by the silver nanoparticle.
Analyzing the outdoor degradation behavior of organic solar modules in North China
Authors: Liu Shaopeng , Zhang Dawei , Egelhaaf Hans-Joachim , Wang Gaoyuan , Li Xiaogang , Heumüller Thomas , Brabec Christoph J. , Li Ning
Published: May 2024

The outdoor stability of organic solar modules (OSMs) directly determines the success of the organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology, which is critically important but insufficiently studied so far.
High-efficiency ultrathin flexible organic solar cells with a bilayer hole transport layer
Authors: Zhang Dongyang , Ji Yitong , Cheng Yingying , Liu Xiangda , Xia Zezhou , Liu Xiujun , Liu Xiaotong , Yang Xueyuan , Huang Wenchao
Published: May 2024

We have successfully demonstrated ultrathin flexible organic solar cells (with a total thickness of less than 1.5 μm) based on a MoO3/PEDOT:PSS bilayer HTL, achieving a PCE of 17.0% and a power-per-weight ratio of 39.3 W g−1.
Reversible thermo-responsive transitions between aerogel-based porous liquids and solid–liquid–vapor triple-state gels
Authors: Li Leqin , Wu Miaojiang , Yao Sa , Hou Yinglai , Yuan Ruizhe , Liao Jianhe , Zhang Xuetong
Published: May 2024

Reversible plastic-like processing between novel aerogel-based porous liquids and solid–liquid–vapor triple-sate gels with self-healing behavior has been achieved by thermal stimulation.
Peptide nanovaccine conjugated via a retro-Diels–Alder reaction linker for overcoming the obstacle in lymph node penetration and eliciting robust cellular immunity
Authors: Lv Kuncheng , Ma Sheng , Liu Liping , Chen Hongyu , Huang Zichao , Zhu Zhenyi , Qi Yibo , Song Wantong
Published: May 2024

Nanovaccine conjugated via a retro-Diels–Alder reaction achieves lymph node deep penetration of antigens for enhancing vaccine efficacy.
Large-area in situ growth of a flexible perovskite scintillator film for X-ray indirect detection applications
Authors: Lv Hongyu , Hao Qun , Yan Naiquan , Ma Lisha , Chen Menglu
Published: May 2024

A large-area ultra-stable in situ grown vitamin-doped perovskite film and its application in X-ray photodetection.
NaB(OH)3CH3: a deep-ultraviolet optical crystal with unprecedented methyl-modified [B(OH)3CH3] units
Authors: Hu Chenhui , Li Huimin , Han Jian , Hou Xueling , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: May 2024

Non-π-conjugated [B(OH)3CH3] units as novel deep-ultraviolet (DUV) building blocks are found by the intrinsic modification of the tetrahedron, and the first methyl borate DUV optical crystal, NaB(OH)3CH3, is successfully synthesized.
Temozolomide resistance mechanisms: unveiling the role of translesion DNA polymerase kappa in glioblastoma spheroidsin vitro
Authors: Ribeiro Diego Luis , Latancia Marcela Teatin , de Souza Izadora , Ariwoola Abu-Bakr Adetayo , Mendes Davi , Rocha Clarissa Ribeiro Reily , Lengert André Van Helvoort , Menck Carlos Frederico Martins
Published: May 2024

Temozolomide (TMZ) is the leading therapeutic agent for combating Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Nonetheless, the persistence of chemotherapy-resistant GBM cells remains an ongoing challenge, attributed to various factors, including the translesion synthesis (TLS) mechanism. TLS enables tumor cells to endure genomic damage by utilizing specialized DNA polymerases to bypass DNA lesions. Specifically, TLS polymerase Kappa (Polκ) has been implicated in facilitating DNA damage tolerance against TMZ-induced damage, contributing to a worse prognosis in GBM patients. To better understand the roles of Polκ in TMZ resistance, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, antimetastatic, and genotoxic effects of TMZ on GBM (U251MG) wild-type (WTE) and TLS Polκ knockout (KO) cells, cultivated as three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids in vitro. Initial results revealed that TMZ: (i) induces reductions in GBM spheroid diameter (10–200 µM); (ii) demonstrates significant cytotoxicity (25–200 μM); (iii) exerts antiproliferative effects (≤25 μM) and promotes cell cycle arrest (G2/M phase) in Polκ KO spheroids when compared with WTE counterparts. Furthermore, Polκ KO spheroids exhibit elevated levels of cell death (Caspase 3/7) and display greater genotoxicity (53BP1) than WTE following TMZ exposure. Concerning antimetastatic effects, TMZ impedes invadopodia (3D invasion) more effectively in Polκ KO than in WTE spheroids. Collectively, the results suggest that TLS Polκ plays a vital role in the survival, cell death, genotoxicity, and metastatic potential of GBM spheroids in vitro when subjected to TMZ treatment. While the precise mechanisms underpinning this resistance remain elusive, TLS Polκ emerges as a potential therapeutic target for GBM patients.
Deubiquitinases in muscle physiology and disorders
Authors: Olie Cyriel S. , O'Brien Darragh P. , Jones Hannah B.L. , Liang Zhu , Damianou Andreas , Sur-Erdem Ilknur , Pinto-Fernández Adán , Raz Vered , Kessler Benedikt M.
Published: May 2024

In vivo, muscle and neuronal cells are post-mitotic, and their function is predominantly regulated by proteostasis, a multilayer molecular process that maintains a delicate balance of protein homeostasis. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a key regulator of proteostasis. A dysfunctional UPS is a hallmark of muscle ageing and is often impacted in neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Malfunction of the UPS often results in aberrant protein accumulation which can lead to protein aggregation and/or mis-localization affecting its function. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are key players in the UPS, controlling protein turnover and maintaining the free ubiquitin pool. Several mutations in DUB encoding genes are linked to human NMDs, such as ATXN3, OTUD7A, UCHL1 and USP14, whilst other NMDs are associated with dysregulation of DUB expression. USP5, USP9X and USP14 are implicated in synaptic transmission and remodeling at the neuromuscular junction. Mice lacking USP19 show increased maintenance of lean muscle mass. In this review, we highlight the involvement of DUBs in muscle physiology and NMDs, particularly in processes affecting muscle regeneration, degeneration and inflammation following muscle injury. DUBs have recently garnered much respect as promising drug targets, and their roles in muscle maturation, regeneration and degeneration may provide the framework for novel therapeutics to treat muscular disorders including NMDs, sarcopenia and cachexia.
Retrotransposons in embryogenesis and neurodevelopment
Authors: Talley Mary Jo , Longworth Michelle S.
Published: May 2024

Retrotransposable elements (RTEs) are genetic elements that can replicate and insert new copies into different genomic locations. RTEs have long been identified as ‘parasitic genes', as their mobilization can cause mutations, DNA damage, and inflammation. Interestingly, high levels of retrotransposon activation are observed in early embryogenesis and neurodevelopment, suggesting that RTEs may possess functional roles during these stages of development. Recent studies demonstrate that RTEs can function as transcriptional regulatory elements through mechanisms such as chromatin organization and noncoding RNAs. It is clear, however, that RTE expression and activity must be restrained at some level during development, since overactivation of RTEs during neurodevelopment is associated with several developmental disorders. Further investigation is needed to understand the importance of RTE expression and activity during neurodevelopment and the balance between RTE-regulated development and RTE-mediated pathogenesis.
Making the leap from technique to treatment — genetic engineering is paving the way for more efficient phage therapy
Authors: Lewis Jessica M. , Williams Joshua , Sagona Antonia P.
Published: May 2024

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses specific to bacteria that target them with great efficiency and specificity. Phages were first studied for their antibacterial potential in the early twentieth century; however, their use was largely eclipsed by the popularity of antibiotics. Given the surge of antimicrobial-resistant strains worldwide, there has been a renaissance in harnessing phages as therapeutics once more. One of the key advantages of phages is their amenability to modification, allowing the generation of numerous derivatives optimised for specific functions depending on the modification. These enhanced derivatives could display higher infectivity, expanded host range or greater affinity to human tissues, where some bacterial species exert their pathogenesis. Despite this, there has been a noticeable discrepancy between the generation of derivatives in vitro and their clinical application in vivo. In most instances, phage therapy is only used on a compassionate-use basis, where all other treatment options have been exhausted. A lack of clinical trials and numerous regulatory hurdles hamper the progress of phage therapy and in turn, the engineered variants, in becoming widely used in the clinic. In this review, we outline the various types of modifications enacted upon phages and how these modifications contribute to their enhanced bactericidal function compared with wild-type phages. We also discuss the nascent progress of genetically modified phages in clinical trials along with the current issues these are confronted with, to validate it as a therapy in the clinic.
Adsorption and sensing characteristics of insulating gas C4F7N on 3d late transition metal‐phthalocyanine: Theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Chen Dachang , Zheng Ziang , Zhang Cong , Luo Yi , Xiao Song , Miao Qing , Liu Ke , Xiao Beibei
Published: May 2024

Heptafluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N) is being considered as a promising alternative to the greenhouse gas SF6 in the electrical industry. However, its biotoxicity necessitates the development of gas sensing technology to detect leaked C4F7N. A combination of density functional theory and experiments was employed to evaluate the adsorption and sensing performance of different metal‐phthalocyanines as potential sensing materials for C4F7N detection. The study included exploring adsorption configurations with adsorption energies, electron transfer, and adsorption distance, as well as comparisons of electronic properties, electron distribution, and density of states (DOS) among the MPcs. Furthermore, gas sensing experiments were conducted using different MPcs to detect 25–100 ppm C4F7N. The results revealed that Mn‐Pc, Fe‐Pc, Co‐Pc, and Zn‐Pc exhibited considerable chemical interactions, while Ni‐Pc and Cu‐Pc showed weaker adsorption strength. These findings were further elucidated based on the electron density and DOS of atomic orbitals. Moreover, gas sensing experiments indicated that Co‐Pc demonstrated a higher response compared to Fe‐Pc at the same concentration of C4F7N. Overall, the theoretical and experimental insights offer valuable guidance for C4F7N detection and provide a systematic approach to screen and explore organometallic polymer‐based gas sensors applicable in various fields.
Bewegungskontrolle der Halswirbelsäule – neues Verständnis eines
alten Konzepts
Authors: Ernst Markus J. , Elsig Simone , Luomajoki Hannu
Published: May 2024

Bewegungskontrolldysfunktionen deuten darauf hin, dass die zur Verfügung stehenden
Bewegungsoptionen eingeschränkt sind. Entsprechende Tests und Testbatterien sollten
optimal sein, um nicht nur den Ort und die Richtung, sondern auch den Schweregrad
der Bewegungskontrolldysfunktion zu beurteilen. Die Autor*innen geben eine
Einführung in den theoretischen Hintergrund des Konzepts, die Mechanismen und das
klinische Bild einer Bewegungskontrolldysfunktion.
Hyperfibrinolyse nach Reanimation bei akuter
Lungenarterienembolie
Authors: Weber Christian F. , Wesselly Ariane , Held Thomas , Anheuser Petra , Schönwälder Jürgen , Weischer Willem
Published: May 2024

Kommt es nach einer Reanimation – z. B. wegen akuter Lungenarterienembolie – im
Rahmen eines Post-Cardiac-Arrest-Syndroms (PCAS) zu einer Hyperfibrinolyse,
stellt dies eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung dar. In diesem
Fallbericht wird die Pathophysiologie der Koagulopathie bei PCAS beschrieben und
der Einsatz antifibrinolytischer Therapie bei Patienten mit thrombotischen
Komplikationen wie Lungenarterienembolien diskutiert.
Reasons for Not Returning to Pre-injury Sport Level After
ACL-Reconstruction
Authors: Bashaireh Khaldoon M. , Yabroudi Mohammad A. , Logerstedt David , Snyder-mackler Lynn , Nawasreh Zakariya H.
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to identify athlete-reported reasons for not returning to
pre-injury sports level after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR)
and to identify the factors associated with these reasons. Ninety-one athletes
with 2 years post-ACLR indicated whether or not they had returned to their
pre-injury sport level (same frequency, duration, and intensity). Athletes who
did not return were asked to provide the reasons. Athletes’ characteristics and
injury-related factors were used to determine factors associated with the
reasons for not returning. Only nine athletes (10%) returned to pre-injury sport
level after ACLR. The most common reasons for not returning were lack of
confidence or concerns about re-injury (48.8%), followed by continued
post-surgical impairments in the reconstructed knee (39%). Having episodes of
the knee giving way after ACLR was the only significant predictor of
post-surgical impairments (48.8%; OR=8.3, 95%CI=2.48–27.42, p=0.001). Lack of
confidence, concerns about re-injury, or post-surgical impairments in the
reconstructed knee were the most frequently reported reasons for not returning
to pre-injury sports level with 2 years post-ACLR. Reported dynamic knee
instability was the only factor associated with ongoing post-surgical knee
impairments after ACLR. Rehabilitation programs should address athletes’
psychological responses and resolve knee impairments to optimize return to
pre-injury sport level after ACLR.
Comparison of disposable digital single-operator cholangioscopy versus direct peroral cholangioscopy for the diagnosis of intraductal superficial lesions of the bile duct
Authors: Shin Il Sang , Moon Jong Ho , Lee Yun Nah , Kim Hee Kyung , Chung Jun Chul , Lee Tae Hoon , Yang Jae Kook , Cho Young Deok , Park Sang-Heum
Published: May 2024

Background Disposable digital single-operator cholangioscopy (D-SOC) and direct peroral cholangioscopy (D-POC) using an ultraslim endoscope are established POC modalities for the diagnosis and treatment of various biliary diseases. We compared the usefulness of D-SOC and D-POC for the diagnosis of intraductal superficial lesions of the bile duct (ISL-Bs).

Methods 38 consecutive patients with suspected biliary diseases who underwent both D-SOC and D-POC were enrolled. The primary outcome was ISL-B detection rate, and the secondary outcomes were technical success of POC and POC-guided forceps biopsy sampling (POC-FB), procedure time, visualization quality, and tissue adequacy.

Results D-SOC had a higher technical success rate than D-POC but the difference was not statistically significant (100% vs. 92.1%, P = 0.25). D-POC had a marginally higher ISL-B detection rate (34.2% vs. 28.9%, P = 0.68) and significantly higher visualization quality (P = 0.03). The mean (SD) procedure time was significantly shorter with D-SOC (11.00 [1.33] vs. 19.03 [2.95] minutes, P<0.001). The technical success rate of POC-FB and tissue adequacy did not differ between the two techniques (D-SOC vs. D-POC: 81.8% vs. 84.6%, P = 0.69 and 77.8% vs. 90.9%, P = 0.57, respectively).

Conclusions Both POC systems were safe and useful for the detection, characterization, and diagnosis of minute ISL-Bs. While D-SOC displayed a shorter procedure time and a tendency for higher technical success rate, D-POC provided superior visualization quality, allowing detailed observation of the surface structure and microvascular patterns.
Socioeconomic marginalization and political preferences: evidence from Palestinian Arabs in Israel
Authors: Miaari Sami H. , Loewenthal Amit , Adnan Wifag
Published: May 2024

We examine the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics and voting patterns among Arabs in Israel. We combine panel data on sixty-three Arab localities with election results and socioeconomic indicators for seven election years between 1996 and 2015. Exploiting the variation in political preferences and socioeconomic status across localities and over time, we find that the trends in Arab turnout are consistent with the substantive representation and political exclusion theories: that is, the representation of Arabs in Jewish-majority parties contributed to turnout, while the events of the second Intifada, which included clashes between Arabs in Israel and the Israeli police, were associated with a long-term decline in turnout. We also found that the preference for Arab parties over Left-wing Zionist parties is related to the instrumental voting theory. As the socioeconomic status of Arabs in Israel improved, they were less dependent on Jewish-majority parties for public goods provision and thus had less reason to support them. These findings contribute to understanding the experience of minorities in other contexts and to policymakers in Israel and beyond.
Accessing a new regime of reconnection
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: May 2024

Experiments characterize strongly radiatively cooled magnetic reconnection, a process that occurs in the plasma of many astrophysical objects.
Preparation and rheological properties of highly stable bidisperse magnetorheological fluids
Authors: Zhu Qichen , Jiang Jiajun , Wu Zhangyong
Published: May 2024

The utilization of magnetic nanofluids as the base carrier liquid proves to be an effective strategy for enhancing the stability of magnetorheological fluids. However, the preparation method for bidispersed magnetorheological fluids still deserves further investigation. In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through chemical co-precipitation, and aviation hydraulic oil-based magnetic nanofluids were prepared using myristic acid as a surfactant. Micron-sized particles, modified with the same surfactant, were dispersed into the magnetic nanofluids, resulting in a novel bidisperse magnetorheological fluid (C-MRFF). The coated particles underwent physical phase analysis and magnetic property testing through an x-ray diffractometer, Fourier infrared spectrometer, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Due to the addition of nanoparticles, C-MRFFs exhibited superior stability to micron-sized particle-based magnetorheological fluids. They demonstrated the best sedimentation stability and redispersibility at a 9% mass fraction of nanoparticles. Thanks to the protection of the micron-sized particle surface coating, C-MRFFs displayed superior sedimentation stability to traditional bidisperse magnetorheological fluids over a wide temperature range. The magnetorheological properties of C-MRFFs were studied. The results indicated that the yield stress of C-MRFFs increased with increasing magnetic field strength or decreasing temperature. The increase in the mass fraction of nanoparticles was beneficial to the increase in yield stress until severe settling of C-MRFFs occurred. In comparison to micron-sized particle-based magnetorheological fluids, C-MRFFs exhibited higher yield stresses. Although the yield stress of C-MRFFs was slightly lower than that of traditional bidisperse magnetorheological fluids due to the surface coating of larger particles, they exhibited stronger shear resistance over a wide temperature range.
Droplet migration through deformable stenosed microchannel: Dynamics and blockage
Authors: Amit Kumar , Assam Ashwani , Raj Abhishek
Published: May 2024

Understanding droplet migration in stenosed microchannels is crucial for various applications. This study explores how droplet properties (viscosity, surface tension, density, and diameter) and channel characteristics (stenosis degree and wall elasticity) affect droplet movement and blockage in deformable stenosed microchannels. Higher viscosities lead to lubrication film formation between droplet and wall, reducing viscous resistance, while increased surface tension enhances wall adherence, amplifying Laplace pressure. Droplet entry is primarily influenced by viscosity, while passage is governed by surface tension and curvature effects at the droplet–wall interface. Surface tension dominates pressure generation in the channel and within the droplet, influencing wall deformation and hydrodynamic resistance. The study examines the relationship among droplet viscosity, density, surface tension, channel wall elasticity, and the maximum capillary number (Camax) on the lubrication film thickness between the droplet and the channel wall. A lubrication film exists for Camax≥0.095, reducing blockage chances. A critical range of the modified Ohnesorge number Oh*×1000≤132 and the capillary number (Camax<0.095) indicates higher chances of droplet blockage. The blockage prediction method based on the modified Ohnesorge exhibits a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92.6%, and accuracy of 95.9%. Additionally, the study explores the impact of channel wall elasticity on droplet entry, transit, and hydrodynamic resistance. Higher wall elasticity facilitates faster entry but introduces curvature during passage, increasing frictional resistance and blockage likelihood as the wall softens.
Flow instabilities driven by Prandtl number effect and rotation-depth coupling effect in the cylinder with a top disk
Authors: Liu Yong , Zeng Zhong , Zhang Liangqi , Liu Hao , Xiao Yao , Li Hao , Tu Yaming , Yin Linmao
Published: May 2024

We employed linear stability analysis to investigate the Prandtl number (Pr) effect and rotation-depth coupling effect on the complex flow instability in a cylinder with a top disk. The dependence of the critical Rayleigh number on the Pr number, as well as the relationship between the critical disk rotation rate and the aspect ratio at Pr = 6.7, were obtained. Results reveal that the flow stability increases with increasing Pr number, and the convection instability stems from the inertial mechanism for 0.011 ≤ Pr ≤ 0.0258 and thermal buoyancy mechanism for 1.4 ≤ Pr ≤ 28.01. Regarding the rotation-depth coupling effect for the melt with Pr = 6.7, a decreasing melt level leads to a general increase in the critical disk rotation rate. Furthermore, within the interval of aspect ratio (ratio of depth to cylinder radius) 0.7 ≤ Γ ≤ 1.62, multiple transitions of the flow state from stable to unstable and then back to stable were observed with increasing disk rotation rate before finally becoming unstable. Energy analysis reveals that multiple transitions in the flow state are attributed to the competition between thermal buoyancy and inertial mechanisms.
Half-metallic Heusler alloy/AlP based magnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Qu Kaifang , Xie Qiyun , Wang Wei
Published: May 2024

Exploring the spin transport characteristics of magnetic tunnel junctions based on half-metallic Heusler holds significance, not only in unraveling the fundamental physics at play but also in advancing applications of spintronic devices. Here, density functional theory in conjunction with non-equilibrium Green’s functions has been systematically employed to investigate two prominent Heusler alloys, Co2CrAl and CoFeCrAl, which are of direct interest to the candidates of magnetic tunnel junction. The electronic structures of two Hesler alloys reveal that both exhibit characteristics of half-metallic ferromagnets, featuring a substantial spin-down bandgap and achieving 100% spin polarization. The tunneling magnetoresistance ratios obtained for Co2CrAl/AlP/Co2CrAl and CoFeCrAl/AlP/CoFeCrAl magnetic tunnel junctions are determined to be 173% and 59%, respectively, with the former exhibiting superior device characteristics. Therefore, the Co2CrAl/AlP-based magnetic tunnel junction demonstrates ideal performance, providing new opportunities for two-dimensional spintronics.
Non-Hermitian CHSH* Game with a Single Trapped-Ion Qubit
Authors: Song 宋 Xiao 潇 , Liu 刘 Teng 腾 , Bian 边 Ji 纪 , Lu 陆 Pengfei 鹏飞 , Liu 刘 Yang 泱 , Zhu 朱 Feng 峰 , Luo 罗 Le 乐
Published: May 2024

The Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) game provides a captivating illustration of the advantages of quantum strategies over classical ones. In a recent study, a variant of the CHSH game leveraging a single qubit system, referred to as the CHSH* game, has been identified. We demonstrate that this mapping relationship between these two games remains effective even for a non-unitary gate. Here we delve into the breach of Tsirelson’s bound in a non-Hermitian system, predicting changes in the upper and lower bounds of the player’s winning probability when employing quantum strategies in a single dissipative qubit system. We experimentally explore the impact of the CHSH* game on the player’s winning probability in a single trapped-ion dissipative system, demonstrating a violation of Tsirelson’s bound under the influence of parity-time (

P
T

) symmetry. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the influence of non-Hermitian systems on quantum games and the behavior of quantum systems under

P
T

symmetry, which is crucial for designing more robust and efficient quantum protocols.
Error correction method based on dual-beam laser for curved rail profile measurement
Authors: Liu Zhengyi , Wang Le , Cheng Zhaoyang , Wang Hao , Wang Fan , Wang Shengchun , Han Qiang , Fang Yue , Wang Ning , Zhao Xinxin , Li Guoqing , Ren Shengwei
Published: May 2024

The current method of dynamic rail profile measurement involves the installation of a line-structured light sensor at the base of the train. The accuracy of this measurement is influenced by the vertical relationship between the laser plane of the light sensor and the longitudinal direction of the rail (LDR). When a train travels in a straight line, the normal of the laser plane aligns with the LDR. However, when the train curves, the angle at which its wheels connect with the rails causes the laser plane’s normal direction to deviate from the LDR, leading to measurement errors. To address this issue, we propose a method for curved rail profile measurement using a dual-beam laser to correct these errors. This method involves generating an auxiliary 3D rail reflecting the LDR and a virtual 3D rail reflecting the normal direction of the laser plane from the cross-section image of the dual-beam laser. An optimization function is then formulated to determine the optimal auxiliary plane (optimal-AP) by analyzing the alignment or intersection between the auxiliary and virtual 3D rails. Distorted contour points are projected onto the optimal-AP to rectify errors. Experiments validate the accuracy and effectiveness of this proposed method. The results show that, regardless of pitch or yaw movement between the laser plane and the LDR, the error in measuring corrected profile wear remains consistently below 0.10 millimeters, thereby meeting the accuracy standard for rail wear measurement. This approach rectifies measurement errors in curved rail profiles from a 3D perspective, ensuring accurate measurements even under complex working conditions. It also provides a valuable reference for error analysis and improving dynamic rail profile measurement accuracy.
DarkGEO: a large-scale laser-interferometric axion detector
Authors: Heinze Joscha , Gill Alex , Dmitriev Artemiy , Smetana Jiří , Yan Tianliang , Boyer Vincent , Martynov Denis , Grote Hartmut , Lough James , Ejlli Aldo , Müller Guido
Published: May 2024

Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are leading candidates for dark matter. They are well motivated in many extensions of the standard model and supported by astronomical observations. We propose an iterative transformation of the existing facilities of the gravitational-wave detector and technology testbed GEO600, located near Ruthe in Germany, into a kilometre-scale upgrade of the laser-interferometric axion detector LIDA. The final DarkGEO detector could search for coincident signatures of axions and ALPs and significantly surpass the current constraints of both direct searches and astrophysical observations in the measurement band from 10−16 to 10−8eV. We discuss design parameters and sensitivities for the configurations of the different iteration steps as well as technical challenges known from the first LIDA results. The proposed DarkGEO detector will be well suited to probe the mass-coupling parameter space associated with predictions from theoretical models, like grand-unified theories, as well as from astrophysical evidence, like the cosmic infrared background.
Do qubits dream of entangled sheep? Quantum measurement without classical output
Authors: Lupu-Gladstein Noah , Brodutch Aharon , Ferretti Hugo , Tham Weng-Kian , Ou Teen Pang Arthur , Bonsma-Fisher Kent , Steinberg Aephraim M
Published: May 2024

Quantum mechanics is usually formulated with an implicit assumption that agents who can observe and interact with the world are external to it and have a classical memory. However, there is no accepted way to define the quantum–classical cut and no a priori reason to rule out fully quantum agents with coherent quantum memories. In this work, we introduce an entirely quantum notion of measurement, called a sensation, to account for quantum agents that experience the world through quantum sensors. Sensations eschew probabilities and instead describe a deterministic flow of quantum information. We quantify the information gain and disturbance of a sensation using concepts from quantum information theory and find that sensations always disturb at least as much as they inform. Viewing measurements as sensations could lead to a new understanding of quantum theory in general and to new results in the context of quantum networks.
Far IR field generation by mixing of cosh-Gaussian and dark hollow Gaussian laser in encapsulated plasma
Authors: Divya S , Gopal Krishna , Kumar Rohit , Singh Sukhmander
Published: May 2024

A scheme of laser-plasma interaction is proposed by mixing of Cosh Gaussian (ChG) and Dark Hollow Gaussian (DHG) laser in rippled density plasma when an external periodic electric field wiggler is applied because of the emission of far infrared field lying in the terahertz frequency regime. The unusual mixing of ChG and DHG laser broadens the field of THz radiation from unifocal to multifocal by controlling beam order and decentralized parameters. Moreover, the wiggler field wavenumber provides two additional resonance conditions, which govern the emission of multiple components of far IR field resonantly that may have extensive medical applications. The field amplitude of such emissions and their efficiency may be increased manifold. Moreover, the efficiency can be increased several times if parallel plates are placed with a few nanometers of separation.
Dynamic properties, probability density, and estimation of an SIRIS epidemic model with an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process★
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Zhiming
Published: May 2024

Considering the relapse and temporary immunity of some diseases, a stochastic SIRIS epidemic model with saturation incidence is developed in this paper, in which the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is introduced to describe the randomness of the model. The existence and uniqueness of the global solution are first proved to investigate the dynamic properties of the SIRIS model. By constructing a series of Lyapunov functions, the thresholds

R

0

E

and

R

0

S

are further derived to determine the extinction and persistence of the disease. Subsequently, we prove that the solution of the model admits a stationary distribution. The probability density function is obtained by the algebraic method. In addition, the unknown parameters of the density function are estimated by using the maximum likelihood estimation. Finally, numerical simulations verify the results of the above properties.
The electric charge of black holes within galaxies
Authors: Padilla Nelson D. , Araya Ignacio J. , Stasyszyn Federico
Published: May 2024

We present improved estimates of the electric charge that black holes could hold when these are embedded in the ionised plasma within galaxies. We have implemented the spontaneous emission of charges of opposite sign to that of the black hole via athermal Hawking evaporation, including its dependence on black hole spin, and we have estimated the equilibrium charge that arises as this charge loss is balanced by the continuous accretion of charges from the surrounding plasma. The resulting charge can be several orders of magnitude lower than previously estimated upper limits, but it can surpass the pair production limit noted by Gibbons (1974) by a margin that increases with the amplitude of the black hole spin and the density of the plasma. We also implement a calculation for the net charge of galaxies due to their stellar black holes and to primordial black holes in the case these make up a fraction of the dark matter. We find that these charges lie within the range that would produce adequate magnetic field seeds at the onset of galaxy formation.
Stimulated magneto-optics with different detunings for plasma local diagnostics
Authors: Oganesyan K B , Dzierzega K , Gevorgyan A H , Kopcansky P
Published: May 2024

The polarization plane stimulated rotation angle of a probe signal in an intense laser field in plasma is calculated for arbitrary detunings of intense and weak laser waves compared with the resonant transition frequency of the medium. Estimates of the residual gas local density in a cesium plasma have been found based on the Faraday, Cotton–Mouton effects and on the effect of stimulated rotation of the polarization plane of the probe signal in an intense laser field. It is shown that the rotation in the medium has a complex structure consisting of the sum of only the influence of the magnetic field, only the influence of the intense laser field and the interfering part of the magnetic and intense laser fields.
A Parameter Optimization Design and Numerical Calculation Method for Circular Heliostat Field
Authors: Wei Shi , Lan Xinhua , Wang ChunYong
Published: May 2024

Solar energy is a low-carbon, eco-friendly, clean energy source that is easily converted into heat and electricity, making the study of solar thermal power generation technology of great significance and with broad application prospects. To improve the performance of solar power plants, it is necessary to reasonably arrange the light reflectors. Both denser heliostats are needed to ensure enough light can be concentrated into the solar collector, thereby improving the power of the power station; at the same time, waste of material must be prevented, striving to increase output thermal power per unit mirror area. This paper is based on the background of the 2023 CUMCM Problem A. Firstly, it analyzes parameters such as the optical efficiency of the original heliostat field, the annual average output power, and the annual average thermal power output per unit mirror area. Secondly, based on the data provided in the appendix, it analyzes the distribution pattern of the heliostat field and establishes an optimization design model for the heliostat field. Next, the optimization design model of the heliostat field is solved using discrete numerical calculation methods. Finally, according to the results of the model solution, the placement positions of the heliostats, the size of the mirrors, and the installation height are adjusted to improve the annual average thermal power output per unit mirror area, thereby achieving an optimized design of the heliostat field.
Multiple Table Models Based on Queuing Theory for Firefighting Traffic Problems
Authors: Qiu Ruofeng , Xue Runqi , Miao Qunfeng , Xie Wu , Yu Jiayuan , Liu Tao
Published: May 2024

With the development of global urbanization, urban planning has been a hot spot of most concern. Since the traditional urban fire station setting method has been gradually unable to meet the emergency needs of a city. In this paper, a series of methods are developed to achieve the best balance between economic expenditure and reliability. According to the heat maps about emergency calls in a city in recent years, different types of alarm phones have obvious regional distribution characteristics. Inspired by the Queuing Theory algorithm, we abstract this complex problem into a parallel multi-server waiting queuing model to find each average queue length of three kinds of alarm calls and success in converting the multiplicity problem into solving the vehicle number and location problems respectively. Based on this planning problem, new combinations with different numbers of vehicles can be gotten. Then based on the assignment model, the optimal deployment plan can also be different with different numbers and geographical locations of the three kinds of stations. Our method significantly improves the firefighting traffic problems and can be applied in the actual situation.
The Optimality Conditions for Generalized Uniform η – V – I Invariant Convexity Programming
Authors: Wang R B , Zhang Z Y , Feng Q
Published: May 2024

Generalized uniformly invariant convex programming is an important optimization problem that has numerous practical applications, such as transportation planning, engineering optimization, etc. The study of its optimal conditions can help solve practical problems and improve efficiency. Optimality conditions serve as the foundation of optimization theory by aiding in understanding the nature and characteristics of problems and providing guidance for the design and analysis of optimization algorithms. Therefore, studying the optimality conditions of generalized uniformly invariant convex programming is highly significant for solving practical problems, promoting the development of optimization theory and algorithm design and analysis, as well as fostering interdisciplinary research. In this research, a novel type of generalized uniform η-V-I invexity function is defined through the use of the η - subdifferential. In the case of the new generalized convex functions, a certain of multiobjective programming with this generalized convexity is discussed, and the corresponding sufficient optimality conditions are obtained.
Research on the Prediction Method of Equipment Status in Power Transformation and Distribution Based on Grey Model
Authors: Zhang Qingping , Meng Yu , Gao Bo , Luo Hairong , Bai Xingtao , Kang Yongqiang
Published: May 2024

With the continuous increase in the demand for electricity in our country, the reliability requirements of the power distribution network are gradually increasing, and the difficulty of predicting the state of key equipment in the power distribution network is also increasing. In response to this issue, this paper proposes a typical reliability prediction model for key equipment in the power distribution network based on an unbiased grey correlation model. Firstly, a grey model is established to model the reliability of typical key equipment in the power distribution network, and to conduct reliability analysis and life prediction. Secondly, an unbiased grey model is introduced to avoid the problem of the grey model leading to less than ideal life prediction accuracy when the growth rate of the original data sequence is high. Finally, taking the No. 1 main transformer of the 220 kV Lanshan substation under the jurisdiction of Ningxia Shizuishan Power Supply Company as an example, the oil chromatography data is cleaned using the KNN interpolation method and input into the prediction model to analyze and predict the failure rate during actual operation. The results show that this model has certain advantages in terms of life prediction accuracy and calculation time, and can play an auxiliary role in the process of predicting the state of key equipment in the power distribution network.
Health Assessment for Multi-component Systems Based on Proportional Hazards Model and Dynamic Bayesian Network
Authors: Li Shizheng , Luo Zongmin , Chen Mu , Xu Pengfei , Li Xiaobing , Wang Guoqi , Sun Fei
Published: May 2024

As a key task of prognostics and health management, the health assessment of systems depends on both age and covariate processes. Cox’s proportional hazards model is an effective tool for system health assessment, capable of capturing both the failure rate and the effect of the covariate process. However, most existing literature assumes the system failure as a whole, which exhibits certain limitations when dealing with the failure interactions among components in complex systems. This paper develops a method that combines a dynamic Bayesian network with a proportional hazards model, where a dynamic Bayesian network is utilized to characterize the failure dependency among components failure, and the joint effect of age and covariate processes on component failure is quantified by the proportional hazards model. The integration of two models facilitates the health assessment of complex multi-component systems. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is showcased through a numerical case study.
Research on the Influence of Biomimetic Patterns Surface on the Surface Temperature of Drum Brake Lining
Authors: Wu Gang , Guan Lei , Chen Tian , Liu Zhipeng
Published: May 2024

Vehicles need to brake frequently on long downhill sections. In this case, the surface of the friction lining is prone to accumulating a large amount of heat, which will reduce the performance of the braking material and lead to braking failure. This article analyzes the heat generation and dissipation mechanism during the braking process of drum brakes based on the law of energy conservation, and establishes a thermal conductivity differential equation. Subsequently, with the honeycomb texture as the biomimetic target, circular, square, and honeycomb patterns with different parameters were designed on the surface of the friction lining, and a finite element model was established using Ansys Workbench. Thermodynamic coupling analysis shows that patterned friction lining can reduce the maximum temperature of the braking surface. Honeycomb patterns have better heat dissipation effects than circular and square patterns. Compared with non patterned brake pads, honeycomb patterns can reduce the maximum surface temperature of brake pads by 14.6%. When the surface area ratio of the honeycomb is 56.8%, its heat dissipation effect is the best.
Numerical Simulation Study on the Spacing of Landslide Anti-slip Piles Based on Strength Reduction Method
Authors: Yu Peng , Hu Ruigeng , Zeng Haiyan , Song Xiao , Fu Jiani
Published: May 2024

In landslide control engineering, anti-slip piles are the most commonly used means. This article established a numerical model of the interaction between fully weathered granite landslides and anti-slip piles based on the strength reduction method. Firstly, five pile-soil interaction models with different pile spacing were established using Abaqus software, and individual components were generated and assembled using the stretching function. The friction surface is used between the pile and soil, and the normal and tangential contact characteristics are both Penalties. Secondly, the strength reduction method based on displacement criteria is used to reduce the rock and soil parameters to the unstable stage before failure, while calculating the slope safety factor. Then, the influence of anti-slip pile spacing on slope stability, pile shear force, bending moment, and soil arch effect are studied. The strength reduction method and pile-soil interaction model used in this article can effectively avoid single pile effects and have high accuracy in characterizing soil arching effects. The results afford certain application and promotion values by providing theoretical references and technical guidance for similar anti-slide pile reinforced slope projects.
Research on Modal Behavior of Large Francis Turbine Runner
Authors: Zhou Kangwu , Huang Xingxing , Zhang Tengfei , Wang Zhengwei
Published: May 2024

The water-added-mass can affect the modal behavior of the Francis turbine runner largely. The sealing rings in the band-chamber and the crown-chamber outside of the runner are utilized to prevent leakage of water around the Francis turbine. The sealing rings and the chambers filled with water can also affect the modal behavior of the turbine. When the turbine runner operates in the power plant at various operating conditions, the seal clearances of the band-chamber and the crown-chamber filled with water may change the modal behavior of the large Francis turbine runner. Firstly, the 3D geometrical structure of the studied large-scale Francis turbine runner was constructed, and then the CAD model was meshed to establish the finite-element model for numerical analysis. Next, the modal shapes and the natural-frequencies of runners in the air were calculated, which is the traditional method used for the structural modal behavior analysis of the turbine runners. Finally, this paper investigates the modal behavior of a large-scale Francis runner prototype with the combined effects of sealing rings and water added-mass by direct water-structure coupled analysis via the finite element method (FEM) to obtain more realistic results. The results reveal that the effects of water-added-mass and sealing rings cause a significant decrease in the natural-frequency of the large Francis turbine runner, which may lead to an increase in the amplitude of vibrations and even cracks. Technical suggestions are proposed to improve the monitoring and maintenance in the power stations to maintain the safe and efficient operation of the large Francis turbine units.
Scenario Generation by Physical Model-Free Approaches for Multiple Renewables
Authors: Chen Hao , Jin Ailing , Zhao Wei , Yi Haoran , Zhang Qixia
Published: May 2024

The augmentation of renewable energy sources within the global energy portfolio is imperative for mitigating the impacts of climate change. Nonetheless, the inherent variability, intermittency, and unpredictability associated with certain forms of renewable energy present significant challenges. Effective integration of these energy sources into existing grids is contingent upon accurate predictions and robust scenario planning. To address this, we introduce a novel data-driven framework that facilitates the generation of energy scenarios without relying on intricate physical models or extensive assumptions. This framework is underpinned by an innovative combination of a grey neural network, which is fine-tuned using a genetic algorithm, and a Gaussian Copula to enhance the prediction accuracy. Extensive experimental analyses validate the effectiveness and advanced capabilities of our proposed model. Moreover, the adaptable nature of this data-driven approach allows for its potential application across various sectors within the sustainable industry, further underscoring its versatility and utility.
Effects of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Streptococcus mutans isolated from Dental Caries
Authors: Suhail Ali Hind , Salih Arwa M. , Hanon Marwa S. , Mazhir Sabah N.
Published: May 2024

A total of (40) oral cavity swabs were sampled from various sites of dental caries (pit, fissure and dental roots) from patients who referred to the Dental Clinic at the College of Dentistry, Aliraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq. Initially, the swabs were placed in test tubes supplied with Stuart transport medium and then distributed by streaking on semi-selective Mitis Salivaris agar medium (MSA). The findings indicated that the isolates are gram-positive cocci that are arranged in chains. The isolates were further morphologically and biochemically identified, using the VITEK instrument, revealing only 32.5 % (n= 13) ofS. mutans. The nonthermal plasma (cold atmospheric pressure plasma; CAP) has many uses in the area of research and development of clinical application worldwide. According to the biofilm assay, all isolates showed the capability of producing biofilm, with differences in thickness of the formed layer, with 3 isolates (7.5%) forming a strong layer, 6 (15%) forming a moderate layer, and 4 (10%) forming a weak layer. The non-thermal plasma (cold atmospheric pressure plasma; CAP) has many uses in the area of research and development of clinical application worldwide.