bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Squeezing through the microcirculation: survival adaptations of circulating tumour cells to seed metastasis
Authors: Perea Paizal Julia , Au Sam H. , Bakal Chris
Published: December 2020

During metastasis, tumour cells navigating the vascular circulatory system—circulating tumour cells (CTCs)—encounter capillary beds, where they start the process of extravasation. Biomechanical constriction forces exerted by the microcirculation compromise the survival of tumour cells within capillaries, but a proportion of CTCs manage to successfully extravasate and colonise distant sites. Despite the profound importance of this step in the progression of metastatic cancers, the factors about this deadly minority of cells remain elusive. Growing evidence suggests that mechanical forces exerted by the capillaries might induce adaptive mechanisms in CTCs, enhancing their survival and metastatic potency. Advances in microfluidics have enabled a better understanding of the cell-survival capabilities adopted in capillary-mimicking constrictions. In this review, we will highlight adaptations developed by CTCs to endure mechanical constraints in the microvasculature and outline how these mechanical forces might trigger dynamic changes towards a more invasive phenotype. A better understanding of the dynamic mechanisms adopted by CTCs within the microcirculation that ultimately lead to metastasis could open up novel therapeutic avenues.
Infiltrating T-cell markers in cervical carcinogenesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Litwin Tamara R. , Irvin Sarah R. , Chornock Rebecca L. , Sahasrabuddhe Vikrant V. , Stanley Margaret , Wentzensen Nicolas
Published: December 2020

Background

The host adaptive immune response helps determine which cervical HPV infections persist and progress to precancer and cancer, and systematic characterisation of T-cell infiltration would help inform key steps in cervical carcinogenesis.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of infiltrating T-cells in normal cervix, low-grade lesions, high-grade lesions, and invasive cancers including epithelial, stromal, and total tissue and the following markers: CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD25, and the CD4:CD8 ratio. An additional qualitative review summarised longitudinal data on associations between infiltrating T-cells and cervical disease persistence, regression, progression, or prognosis.

Results

There were fewer CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells in cervical lesions and more cells in cancers compared to normal epithelium. FoxP3 and CD25+ regulatory T-cell infiltration is high in persistent and precancerous lesions, and longitudinal data show improved outcomes with lower regulatory T-cell levels.

Conclusions

Successful immune evasion may reduce T-cell infiltration in HPV infected and precancerous epithelium, while invasive cancers are highly immunogenic, and regulatory T-cell infiltration increases with cervical disease progression. Understanding these factors may have prognostic value and could aid in novel treatment development and clinical guidelines, but published data are highly heterogeneous and leave important gaps to be filled by future studies.
Ultra-monochromatic far-infrared Cherenkov diffraction radiation in a super-radiant regime
Authors: Karataev P. , Fedorov K. , Naumenko G. , Popov K. , Potylitsyn A. , Vukolov A.
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, intense electromagnetic (EM) radiation in the far-infrared (FIR) spectral range is an advanced tool for scientific research in biology, chemistry, and material science because many materials leave signatures in the radiation spectrum. Narrow-band spectral lines enable researchers to investigate the matter response in greater detail. The generation of highly monochromatic variable frequency FIR radiation has therefore become a broad area of research. High energy electron beams consisting of a long train of dense bunches of particles provide a super-radiant regime and can generate intense highly monochromatic radiation due to coherent emission in the spectral range from a few GHz to potentially a few THz. We employed novel coherent Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) as a generation mechanism. This effect occurs when a fast charged particle moves in the vicinity of and parallel to a dielectric interface. Two key features of the ChDR phenomenon are its non-invasive nature and its photon yield being proportional to the length of the radiator. The bunched structure of the very long electron beam produced spectral lines that were observed to have frequencies upto 21 GHz and with a relative bandwidth of 10–4 ~ 10–5. The line bandwidth and intensity are defined by the shape and length of the bunch train. A compact linear accelerator can be utilized to control the resonant wavelength by adjusting the bunch sequence frequency.
Overland and oversea migration of white storks through the water barriers of the straits of Gibraltar
Authors: Blas Julio , Salas Reyes , Flack Andrea , Torres-Medina Fernando , Sergio Fabrizio , Wikelski Martin , Fiedler Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

Soaring landbirds typically exploit atmospheric uplift as they fly overland, displaying a highly effective energy-saving locomotion. However, large water bodies lack thermal updrafts, potentially becoming ecological barriers that hamper migration. Here we assessed the effects of a sea surface on the migratory performance of GPS-tagged white storks (Ciconia ciconia) before, during and after they crossed the straits of Gibraltar. Oversea movements involved only flapping and gliding and were faster, traversed in straighter, descending trajectories and resulted in higher movement-related energy expenditure levels than overland, supporting the water barrier hypothesis. Overland movements at both sides of the sea straits resulted in tortuous routes and ascending trajectories with pre-crossing flights showing higher elevations and more tortuous routes than post-crossing, thus supporting the barrier negotiation hypothesis. Individual positions at both ends of the sea narrow were predicted by zonal winds and storks´ location at entry in the European hinterland, and birds did not show compensational movements overland in anticipation to subsequent wind displacements oversea. The length of the water narrow at departure shore, the elevation therein and the winds on route affected major components of sea crossing performance (such as distances and times overwater, minimum elevations, climb angles, speeds and energy expenditure), supporting the departure position and oversea winds hypotheses. In summary, our study provides a prime example at high temporal resolution of how birds adjust their behavior and physiology as they interact with the changing conditions of the travelling medium, reallocating resources and modifying their movement to overcome an ecological barrier.
Silicon twisted cone structure produced by optical vortex pulse with structure evaluation by radiation hydrodynamic simulation
Authors: Nakamura Daisuke , Tasaki Ryohei , Kawamoto Miki , Oshima Hiroki , Higashihata Mitsuhiro , Ikenoue Hiroshi , Wakayama Toshitaka , Sunahara Atsushi , Higashiguchi Takeshi
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate a radiation hydrodynamic simulation of optical vortex pulse-ablated microcone structures on silicon (Si) substrates. Doughnut-shaped craters were formed by single pulse irradiation on the Si substrate, and a twisted cone structure with a height of 3.5 µm was created at the center of the irradiation spot by the circularly polarized optical vortex pulse. A two-dimensional (2-D) radiation hydrodynamic simulation reproduced the cone structure well with a height of 3 µm. The central part of the incident laser power was lowered from the initial profile due to plasma shielding over the laser pulse duration for an inverted double-well laser profile. The acute tip shape of the silicon surface can survive over the laser irradiation period.
The influence of rat strain on the development of neuropathic pain and comorbid anxio-depressive behaviour after nerve injury
Authors: Hestehave Sara , Abelson Klas S. P. , Brønnum Pedersen Tina , Finn David P. , Andersson Daniel R. , Munro Gordon
Published: December 2020

Back-translating the clinical manifestations of human disease burden into animal models is increasingly recognized as an important facet of preclinical drug discovery. We hypothesized that inbred rat strains possessing stress hyper-reactive-, depressive- or anxiety-like phenotypes may possess more translational value than common outbred strains for modeling neuropathic pain. Rats (inbred: LEW, WKY, F344/ICO and F344/DU, outbred: Crl:SD) were exposed to Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) and evaluated routinely for 6 months on behaviours related to pain (von Frey stimulation and CatWalk-gait analysis), anxiety (elevated plus maze, EPM) and depression (sucrose preference test, SPT). Markers of stress reactivity together with spinal/brain opioid receptor expression were also measured. All strains variously developed mechanical allodynia after SNI with the exception of stress-hyporesponsive LEW rats, despite all strains displaying similar functional gait-deficits after injury. However, affective changes reflective of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour were only observed for F344/DU in the EPM, and for Crl:SD in SPT. Although differences in stress reactivity and opioid receptor expression occurred, overall they were relatively unaffected by SNI. Thus, anxio-depressive behaviours did not develop in all strains after nerve injury, and correlated only modestly with degree of pain sensitivity or with genetic predisposition to stress and/or affective disturbances.
Direct observation of morphological transition for an adsorbed single polymer chain
Authors: Oda Yukari , Kawaguchi Daisuke , Morimitsu Yuma , Yamamoto Satoru , Tanaka Keiji
Published: December 2020

A better understanding of the structure of polymers at solid interfaces is crucial for designing various polymer nano-composite materials from structural materials to nanomaterials for use in industry. To this end, the first step is to obtain information on how synthetic polymer chains adsorb onto a solid surface. We closely followed the trajectory of a single polymer chain on the surface as a function of temperature using atomic force microscopy. Combining the results with a full-atomistic molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the chain became more rigid on the way to reaching a pseudo-equilibrium state, accompanied by a change in its local conformation from mainly loops to trains. This information will be useful for regulating the physical properties of polymers at the interface.
18F-meta-fluorobenzylguanidine (18F-mFBG) to monitor changes in norepinephrine transporter expression in response to therapeutic intervention in neuroblastoma models
Authors: Turnock Stephen , Turton David R. , Martins Carlos Daniel , Chesler Louis , Wilson Thomas C. , Gouverneur Véronique , Smith Graham , Kramer-Marek Gabriela
Published: December 2020

Targeted radiotherapy with 131I-mIBG, a substrate of the human norepinephrine transporter (NET-1), shows promising responses in heavily pre-treated neuroblastoma (NB) patients. Combinatorial approaches that enhance 131I-mIBG tumour uptake are of substantial clinical interest but biomarkers of response are needed. Here, we investigate the potential of 18F-mFBG, a positron emission tomography (PET) analogue of the 123I-mIBG radiotracer, to quantify NET-1 expression levels in mouse models of NB following treatment with AZD2014, a dual mTOR inhibitor. The response to AZD2014 treatment was evaluated in MYCN amplified NB cell lines (Kelly and SK-N-BE(2)C) by Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry. PET quantification of 18F-mFBG uptake post-treatment in vivo was performed, and data correlated with NET-1 protein levels measured ex vivo. Following 72 h AZD2014 treatment, in vitro WB analysis indicated decreased mTOR signalling and enhanced NET-1 expression in both cell lines, and 18F-mFBG revealed a concentration-dependent increase in NET-1 function. AZD2014 treatment failed however to inhibit mTOR signalling in vivo and did not significantly modulate intratumoural NET-1 activity. Image analysis of 18F-mFBG PET data showed correlation to tumour NET-1 protein expression, while further studies are needed to elucidate whether NET-1 upregulation induced by blocking mTOR might be a useful adjunct to 131I-mIBG therapy.
Pluripotent epigenetic regulator OBP-801 maintains filtering blebs in glaucoma filtration surgery model
Authors: Yamamoto Yuji , Mukai Atsushi , Ikushima Toru , Urata Yasuo , Kinoshita Shigeru , Hamuro Junji , Ueno Morio , Sotozono Chie
Published: December 2020

Inhibition of fibrosis is indispensable for maintaining filtering blebs after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of a pluripotent epigenetic regulator OBP-801 (OBP) to ameliorate extracellular matrix formation in a rabbit model of GFS. Rabbits that underwent GFS were treated with OBP. The gene expression profiles and intraocular pressure (IOP) were monitored until 30 postoperative days. The bleb tissues were evaluated for tissue fibrosis at 30 postoperative days. In in vitro models, OBP interfered the functions of diverse genes during the wound-healing process. In in vivo GFS models, the expressions of TGF-β3, MMP-2, TIMP-2 and 3, LOX, COL1A and SERPINH1 were significantly inhibited at 30 postoperative days in the OBP group compared with those in the vehicle control group. OBP treatment involving subconjunctival injection or eye drops showed no adverse effects, and reduced levels of α-SMA and collagen deposition at the surgical wound site. OBP maintained the long-lived bleb without scar formation, and IOP was lower at 30 postoperative days compared with the vehicle control group. These findings suggest that OBP is an effective and useful candidate low-molecular-weight agent for improving wound healing and surgical outcomes in a rabbit model of GFS.
High efficiency dielectric photonic crystal fiber metalens
Authors: Kim Myunghwan , Kim Soeun
Published: December 2020

Optical fibers have been utilized in various fields owing to their superior guiding performance. However, the modification of optical properties and light manipulation in fibers are restricted by the limitation of the core and cladding materials. In addition, the spot size of the light is constrained by the diffraction limit. In this study, we propose an all-dielectric metalens patterned on the facet of a photonic crystal fiber. The metasurface, which contains Si pillars, satisfies the required phase diagram for focusing light with high transmission. The proposed metalens has a focal length of 30 µm and achieves an outstanding efficiency of up to 88% at a wavelength of 1.55 µm, which is approximately 5 times higher than that of a metal-based metalens. We believe that this scheme may pave the way for in-fiber metasurface applications.
Role of PARP1-mediated autophagy in EGFR-TKI resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhimin , Lian Xiaojuan , Xie Wei , Quan Jin , Liao Maojun , Wu Yan , Yang Zhen-Zhou , Wang Ge
Published: December 2020

Resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has become the main clinical challenge of advanced lung cancer. This research aimed to explore the role of PARP1-mediated autophagy in the progression of TKI therapy. PARP1-mediated autophagy was evaluated in vitro by CCK-8 assay, clonogenic assay, immunofluorescence, and western blot in the HCC-827, H1975, and H1299 cells treated with icotinib (Ico), rapamycin, and AZD2281 (olaparib) alone or in combination. Our results and GEO dataset analysis confirmed that PARP1 is expressed at lower levels in TKI-sensitive cells than in TKI-resistant cells. Low PARP1 expression and high p62 expression were associated with good outcomes among patients with NSCLC after TKI therapy. AZD2281 and a lysosomal inhibitor reversed resistance to Ico by decreasing PARP1 and LC3 in cells, but an mTOR inhibitor did not decrease Ico resistance. The combination of AZD2281 and Ico exerted a markedly enhanced antitumor effect by reducing PARP1 expression and autophagy in vivo. Knockdown of PARP1 expression reversed the resistance to TKI by the mTOR/Akt/autophagy pathway in HCC-827IR, H1975, and H1299 cells. PARP1-mediated autophagy is a key pathway for TKI resistance in NSCLC cells that participates in the resistance to TKIs. Olaparib may serve as a novel method to overcome the resistance to TKIs.
Functionalization of eggshell membranes with CuO–ZnO based p–n junctions for visible light induced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli
Authors: Preda Nicoleta , Costas Andreea , Beregoi Mihaela , Apostol Nicoleta , Kuncser Andrei , Curutiu Carmen , Iordache Florin , Enculescu Ionut
Published: December 2020

Biopolymers provide versatile platforms for designing naturally-derived wound care dressings through eco-friendly pathways. Eggshell membrane (ESM), a widely available, biocompatible biopolymer based structure features a unique 3D porous interwoven fibrous protein network. The ESM was functionalized with inorganic compounds (Ag, ZnO, CuO used either separately or combined) using a straightforward deposition technique namely radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The functionalized ESMs were characterized from morphological, structural, compositional, surface chemistry, optical, cytotoxicity and antibacterial point of view. It was emphasized that functionalization with a combination of metal oxides and exposure to visible light results in a highly efficient antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli when compared to the activity of individual metal oxide components. It is assumed that this is possible due to the fact that an axial p–n junction is created by joining the two metal oxides. This structure separates into components the charge carrier pairs promoted by visible light irradiation that further can influence the generation of reactive oxygen species which ultimately are responsible for the bactericide effect. This study proves that, by employing inexpensive and environmentally friendly materials (ESM and metal oxides) and fabrication techniques (radio frequency magnetron sputtering), affordable antibacterial materials can be developed for potential applications in chronic wound healing device area.
Functional characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans cbs-2 gene during meiosis
Authors: Santonicola Pamela , Germoglio Marcello , d’Abbusco Domenico Scotto , Adamo Adele
Published: December 2020

Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a eukaryotic enzyme that maintains the cellular homocysteine homeostasis and catalyzes the conversion of homocysteine to L-cystathionine and Hydrogen sulfide, via the trans-sulfuration pathway. In Caenorhabditis elegans, two cbs genes are present: cbs-1 functions similarly as to human CBS, and cbs-2, whose roles are instead unknown. In the present study we performed a phenotypic characterization of the cbs-2 mutant. The null cbs-2 mutant is viable, fertile and shows the wild-type complement of six bivalents in most oocyte nuclei, which is indicative of a correct formation of crossover recombination. In absence of synaptonemal complex formation (syp-2 mutant), loss of cbs-2 leads to chromosome fragmentation, suggesting that cbs-2 is essential during inter-sister repair. Interestingly, although proficient in the activation of the DNA damage checkpoint after exposure to genotoxic stress, the cbs-2 mutant is defective in DNA damage-induced apoptosis in meiotic germ cells. These results suggest possible functions for CBS-2 in meiosis, distinct from a role in the trans-sulfuration pathway. We propose that the C. elegans CBS-2 protein is required for both inter-sister repair and execution of DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
Identification and functional characterization of ABCC transporters for Cd tolerance and accumulation in Sedum alfredii Hance
Authors: Feng Tongyu , He Xuelian , Zhuo Renying , Qiao Guirong , Han Xiaojiao , Qiu Wenmin , Chi Linfeng , Zhang Dayi , Liu Mingying
Published: December 2020

Cd is one of the potential toxic elements (PTEs) exerting great threats on the environment and living organisms and arising extensive attentions worldwide. Sedum alfredii Hance, a Cd hyperaccumulator, is of great importance in studying the mechanisms of Cd hyperaccumulation and has potentials for phytoremediation. ATP-binding cassette sub-family C (ABCC) belongs to the ABC transporter family, which is deemed to closely associate with multiple physiological processes including cellular homeostasis, metal detoxification, and transport of metabolites. In the present work, ten ABCC proteins were identified in S. alfredii Hance, exhibiting uniform domain structure and divergently clustering with those from Arabidopsis. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that some SaABCC genes had significantly higher expression in roots (Sa23221 and Sa88F144), stems (Sa13F200 and Sa14F98) and leaves (Sa13F200). Co-expression network analysis using these five SaABCC genes as hub genes produced two clades harboring different edge genes. Transcriptional expression profiles responsive to Cd illustrated a dramatic elevation of Sa14F190 and Sa18F186 genes. Heterologous expression in a Cd-sensitive yeast cell line, we confirmed the functions of Sa14F190 gene encoding ABCC in Cd accumulation. Our study performed a comprehensive analysis of ABCCs in S. alfredii Hance, firstly mapped their tissue-specific expression patterns responsive to Cd stress, and characterized the roles of Sa14F190 genes in Cd accumulation.
Insights into genomic structure and evolutionary processes of coastal Suaeda species in East Asia using cpDNA, nDNA, and genome-wide SNPs
Authors: Park Jong-Soo , Jin Dong-Pil , Choi Byoung-Hee
Published: December 2020

Species in the genus Suaeda have few diagnostic characters and substantial morphological plasticity. Hence, regional floras do not provide clear taxonomic information for Suaeda spp. in East Asia. In order to assess the taxonomy of four species in the genus Suaeda (S. australis, S. maritima, S. japonica, and S. heteroptera), cpDNA (rpl32-trnL and trnH-psbA), nDNA (ITS), and MIG-seq analyses were carried out. Genome-wide SNP results indicated three lineages: (1) S. australis in Korea and S. maritima in Japan, (2) S. maritima in Korea and S. heteroptera in China, and (3) S. japionica. In phylogenetic trees and genotype analyses, cpDNA and nDNA results showed discrepancies, while S. japonica and S. maritima in Korea, and S. heteroptera in China shared the same haplotype and ribotype. We suggest that the shared haplotype may be due to chloroplast capture. Based on our results, we assume that S. japonica was formed by homoploid hybrid speciation between the two lineages.
Vitamin D3 and erythropoietin protect against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via heat shock protein 70 and microRNA-21 expression
Authors: Golmohammadi Mohammad Ghasem , Banaei Shokofeh , Nejati Kazem , Chinifroush-Asl Mir Mehdi
Published: December 2020

Kidney ischemia reperfusion (IR) contributes to the development of acute kidney injury. The hypoxic conditions in ischemic damage lead to oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. We investigated the effects of vitamin D3 (Vit D) and erythropoietin (EPO) on microRNA-21(miR-21) expression in renal IR. Wistar rats were divided into five groups including the control, vehicle + IR, Vit D + IR, EPO + IR, and Vit D + EPO + IR groups. The animals were unilaterally nephrectomized and subjected to 45 min of renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion. Vitamin D3 and EPO were administered prior to ischemia. After 24 h reperfusion, the kidney samples were collected for the detection of miR-21, heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and caspase-3 expression levels. Kidney IR significantly increased the expression of miR-21, hsp70 and capase-3 and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)-Cr levels. Treatment with vitamin D3 and EPO significantly decreased the BUN-Cr levels and hsp70 and caspase-3 expression. Also, the co-administration of two drugs significantly increased miR-21 expression. It seems that vitamin D3 or EPO administration could protect the kidney against IR injury. However, vitamin D3 and EPO co-treatment was the most effective compared with the other treatment groups.
Crystal structure of human APPL BAR-PH heterodimer reveals a flexible dimeric BAR curve: implication in mutual regulation of endosomal targeting
Authors: Chen Yujie , Zhang Wen , Chen Bin , Liu Ying , Dong Yuhui , Xu Aimin , Hao Quan
Published: December 2020

The APPL (adaptor proteins containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain and a leucine zipper motif) family consists of two isoforms, APPL1 and APPL2. By binding to curved plasma membrane, these adaptor proteins associate with multiple transmembrane receptors and recruit various downstream signaling components. They are involved in the regulation of signaling pathways evoked by a variety of extracellular stimuli, such as adiponectin, insulin, FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), EGF (epidermal growth factor). And they play important roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, glucose uptake, insulin secretion and sensitivity. However, emerging evidence suggests that APPL1 and APPL2 perform different or even opposite functions and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. As APPL proteins can either homodimerize or heterodimerize in vivo, we hypothesized that heterodimerization of APPL proteins might account for the mechanism. By solving the crystal structure of APPL1–APPL2 BAR-PH heterodimer, we find that the overall structure is crescent-shaped with a longer curvature radius of 76 Å, compared with 55 Å of the APPL1 BAR-PH homodimer. However, there is no significant difference of the curvature between APPL BAR-PH heterodimer and APPL2 homodimer. The data suggest that the APPL1 BAR-PH homodimer, APPL2 BAR-PH homodimer and APPL1/APPL2 BAR-PH heterodimer may bind to endosomes of different sizes. Different positive charge distribution is observed on the concave surface of APPL BAR-PH heterodimer than the homodimers, which may change the affinity of membrane association and subcellular localization. Collectively, APPL2 may regulate APPL1 function through altering the preference of endosome binding by heterodimerization.
Clustering of CODEX clusters
Authors: Lindholm V. , Finoguenov A. , Comparat J. , Kirkpatrick C. C. , Rykoff E. , Clerc N. , Collins C. , Damsted S. , Ider Chitham J. , Padilla N.
Published: December 2020

Context. The clustering of galaxy clusters links the spatial nonuniformity of dark matter halos to the growth of the primordial spectrum of perturbations. The amplitude of the clustering signal is widely used to estimate the halo mass of astrophysical objects. The advent of cluster mass calibrations enables using clustering in cosmological studies.

Aims. We analyze the autocorrelation function of a large contiguous sample of galaxy clusters, the Constrain Dark Energy with X-ray (CODEX) sample, in which we take particular care of cluster definition. These clusters were X-ray selected using the ROentgen SATellite All-Sky Survey and then identified as galaxy clusters using the code redMaPPer run on the photometry of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We develop methods for precisely accounting for the sample selection effects on the clustering and demonstrate their robustness using numerical simulations.

Methods. Using the clean CODEX sample, which was obtained by applying a redshift-dependent richness selection, we computed the two-point autocorrelation function of galaxy clusters in the 0.1 < z < 0.3 and 0.3 < z < 0.5 redshift bins. We compared the bias in the measured correlation function with values obtained in numerical simulations using a similar cluster mass range.

Results. By fitting a power law, we measured a correlation length r0 = 18.7 ± 1.1 and slope γ = 1.98 ± 0.14 for the correlation function in the full redshift range. By fixing the other cosmological parameters to their nine-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe values, we reproduced the observed shape of the correlation function under the following cosmological conditions: Ωm0 = 0.22−0.03+0.04 and S8 = σ8(Ωm0/0.3)0.5 = 0.85−0.08+0.10 with estimated additional systematic errors of σΩm0 = 0.02 and σS8 = 0.20. We illustrate the complementarity of clustering constraints by combining them with CODEX cosmological constraints based on the X-ray luminosity function, deriving Ωm0 = 0.25 ± 0.01 and σ8 = 0.81−0.02+0.01 with an estimated additional systematic error of σΩm0 = 0.07 and σσ8 = 0.04. The mass calibration and statistical quality of the mass tracers are the dominant source of uncertainty.
Possible approach to detecting the mysterious Saturnian convective dynamo through gravitational sounding
Authors: Liu Shanhong , Kong Dali , Yan Jianguo
Published: December 2020

Context.Planetary dynamo research is mathematically and numerically difficult. Forward calculations are numerically expensive and subject to much uncertainty in key magnetohydrodynamics parameters. For a gaseous planet such as Saturn, even the precise location of its dynamo and typical convective strength are unknown, which further complicates studies.

Aims.We test the idea of inversely probing Saturnian convective dynamo through gravitational sounding, based on the principle that the convective fluid motion can distort the internal density distribution and hence induce the gravitational anomaly.

Methods.TheCassiniGrand Finale mission has reported unprecedentedly accurate measurements of the gravitational field of Saturn. An unexplained nonaxisymmetric component of the gravitational field was detected in the data. By performing precise orbit determination (POD) simulations, we studied the possibility that theCassinispacecraft might sense the dynamo-related nonaxisymmetric gravitational signature in the Grand Finale phase. In addition, further extensively simulated missions of various orbit configurations were carried out in order to explore promising mission strategies that might fulfill the objective of detecting the Saturnian convective dynamo.

Results.Our POD simulations show that the gravity science carried out in theCassiniGrand Finale mission is insufficient to determine weak nonaxisymmetric gravitational moments because good subspacecraft-point coverage is lacking. The origin of the unexplained Saturnian gravity remains a puzzle. However, it is positively indicated by our simulations that future gravitational sounding is probably able to detect dynamo-related gravity when the subspacecraft-point coverage of a mission is sufficient. We suggest that the mission orbits be purposely designed into a near-polar orientation with a height of about 6000 km at periapsis and a moderate eccentricity of 0.5. A total POD tracking time of five months would enable the detection of the secular nonaxisymmetric gravitational moments that are caused by the deep convective dynamo of Saturn. The orbit strategy can facilitate engineering implementation by keeping the spacecraft marginally away from the Saturn radiation belt throughout the mission.
Study on the culture of Escherichia coli with different hydrolysis depth of globin
Authors: Song Zurong , Tao Ali , Xuehua Feng
Published: December 2020

Objective: To explore the effect of culture medium made of peptide fragments of different sizes of globin hydrolyzed by protease on the culture of Escherichia coli.

Method: with fresh pig blood as raw material, hydrolyze pig blood protein under fixed conditions, and screen out the enzyme with the highest degree of hydrolysis. Then conduct orthogonal test on the enzyme to determine the best hydrolysis conditions; the beads were obtained under the best hydrolysis conditions. The Escherichia coli was cultured on different peptone culture bases that were prepared by hydrolysate going through different pore size ultrafiltration membrane samples. The culture of Escherichia coli at different hydrolysis depths is determined by detecting the total amount with Escherichia coli detection method.

Results: Trypsin has the best hydrolysis effect. The best hydrolysis conditions are as follows: enzyme dosage of 0.2%, hydrolysis time of 12h, temperature of 50°C, initial pH of 7.5 and mass fraction of substrate protein of 8%. Through growth curves of Escherichia coli, it is known that the smaller the pore size of the ultrafiltration membrane, the smaller the molecular weight of the peptide fragment, and the greater the density of the Escherichia coli bacterial solution.

Conclusion: Through analyzing the production curves of Escherichia coli in different culture medium, it is concluded that the smaller the molecular weight of the protein peptides, the higher the density of Escherichia coli solution in the LB liquid medium prepared by it, and the better the Escherichia coli culture effect.
Fabrication of redispersible silica nanoparticles by a facile one-step one-pot approach
Authors: Liu Haitao , Cao Hailin , Huang Yudong , Shao Pengcong , Yan Yiwu
Published: December 2020

In this study, special redispersible silica nanoparticles (SNP) was synthesized by a facile one-step one-pot approach. The synthesized amorphous SNP had a spherical and uniform particle morphology with a diameter of 30 nm and exhibited high monodispersity. The characteristics of the particles were investigated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results revealed that there were a large number of methyl groups grafted on the surface of the SNP, and the organic materials content in the as-synthesized SNP was approximately 10%. After a simple ultrasonic process, the SNP solid powder showed excellent stable and transparent redispersion in various organic solvents. In addition, the results revealed that the different polarities of the solvents had a significant effect on the visible light transparency of the SNP redispersion. SNP showed the best redispersion performance in N-methyl-pyrrolidone, exhibiting a transmittance of more than 80% at 600 nm at a high concentration of 25 wt%. The synthesis process developed in this study is simple, inexpensive, and can be used in the industrial application of SNP.
First principle study of occupancy, bonding characteristics and alloying effect of Zr, Nb, V in bulk γ-Fe(C)
Authors: Liu Fei , Cong Shan , Hao Long
Published: December 2020

The total energy, binding characteristics, density of states, charge distribution and differential charge density of γ-Fe(C)-M crystal cells formed by solid solution of Zr, Nb and V in γ-Fe(C) were calculated by using the first-principles method. Thus, the mechanism of Zr, Nb, and V with γ-Fe(C) was investigated in this paper. The results show that Zr, Nb and V all preferentially replaced the Fe atoms which are at the top angle in γ-Fe(C). Crystal cell reaches its highest stability after V solid solution. Nb reaches after it, and Zr is relatively weak. In the γ-Fe(C)-Zr cell, Fe-Zr covalent bond and Zr-C ionic bond are the main chemical bonds. In the γ-Fe(C)-Nb and γ-Fe(C)-V cells, Fe-Nb and Fe-V covalent bonds are the main chemical bonds with a number of Nb-C and V-C ionic bonds. After solid solution, the electron cloud density around C atom changed little, while Fe atom changed obviously. The orbital electrons around Fe atoms in γFe(C)-V has maximal distribution, which means that the electrons delocalized most and most of the electrons are bonding. It is the main factor for the increase in the binding energy of crystal cell. The effects of Zr, Nb, V solution on austenitic stability are investigated by studying the influence of alloy element on γFe(C) electronic structure.
A Study on the Evaluation Method of the Configuration Effect of Polymer Solution
Authors: Yang Xinliang , He Liqin , Guo Yibao
Published: December 2020

Through analyzing the effect of configuration process on polymer solution, this study is to comprehensively evaluate the configuration effect of polymer solution from the aspects of its viscosity loss and mixing uniformity. It also puts forward a kind of evaluation coefficient with regard to the mixing uniformity of polymer solution and establishes an evaluation method of the configuration effect of polymer solution. The on-site experiment has proved that this method has accurate evaluation result with simple operation, and it is suitable to be promoted in the oil industry, and it provides a criterion for the design of the configuration process of polymer solution and the equipment selection.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Evaluation Study for Effect of Foam flooding in Heterogeneous Cores
Authors: Hua Shuai , Li Yuan , Di Qinfeng
Published: December 2020

Foam flooding demonstrated the ability to solve the viscous fingering problem of gas flooding and increase the sweep efficiency in enhancing oil recovery. It is commonly used in development of heterogeneous reservoirs. While the characteristics of fluid migration in pores and between layers were still unclear. In this paper, Dynamic change of oil and water with different foam quality was tested during foam flooding by NMR method. Oil displacement effect of water flooding and foam flooding was compared. The results showed the foam quality affected the foam stability and profile control effect. Compared with water flooding, the foam could increase the recovery rate of the low-permeability layer, and the foam system with high stability had a high sweep efficiency and a high oil displacement efficiency in the heterogeneous cores.
Productivity Testing and Analysis of Low Permeability and Thick Layer of N Gas Field
Authors: Huang Quan Hua , Lin Xing Yu , Yang Zhi-xing , Lu Ke-feng , Hu Xian-kang
Published: December 2020

For a better guidance of production, a combination of drill stem testing (DST), regional statistical method and pseudo steady-state seepage theory model was used to analyze the productivity of N gas reservoir in light of the complex geological features of the low-permeability thick-layer. Firstly, the DST method was used to test the N gas reservoir. And then the binomial pseudo-pressure method, binomial pressure square method and exponential method were used to interpret the test data of DST of this formation. Finally, the binomial pseudo-pressure interpretation method was used and the results showed that only the productivity of H3b layer was successfully tested of the four. The H3a, H4b and H5a layers are ultra-low pore and permeability gas reservoirs and the productivity of these layers can’t be explained by the available data due to the short testing time and a non-stationary state of testing pressure and quantity, resulting in the failure of the test. The productivity of the main layers were estimated and forecasted by the regional statistical method and the theoretical model of pseudo steady-state seepage, taking the arithmetic average value of the regional statistical method and the theoretical formula as the final value of absolute open flow rates(AOF). The final calculation results are as follows: the AOF of main gas layers H3a, H3b, H4b and H5a in N gas field is 31.30×104m3/d, 388.92×104m3/d, 20.82×104m3/d and 30.80×104m3/d, respectively. This method may sheds light on verifying and calculating the productivity of gas wells and determining the reasonable production allocation of gas wells.
Opportunities and challenges of competitive sports in nano Era
Authors: Zeng Peng
Published: December 2020

Nanotechnology is a technology with high requirements of science and technology and involves many comprehensive disciplines. With the continuous development of science and technology, nanotechnology has penetrated into all aspects of our lives. Now nano materials, nano pumps, Nano Electronics and nanotechnology have been applied in the competitive field of China. It is these nanotechnologies that have made great progress in the field of sports competition in China. Looking to the future, we have to pay attention to the physical and mental health of athletes in the era of sports competition. At the same time, we should be good at using nanotechnology to promote the healthy and harmonious development of sports competition in China.
Strain dependent grain growth during cold rolling deformation of gradient nanograined nickel
Authors: Ni Haitao , Zhu Jiang , Yang Heshan , Pu Yong , Wang Lixia
Published: December 2020

The effect of the rolling strain on grain growth behavior of two gradient nanograined nickel samples (average grain size ranging from 20~90nm) with symmetrical structure was investigated by scanning electron microscope/transmission electron microscopy observation, X-ray line profile analysis and microhardness measurement. In both gradient microstructures, under the same volume fraction, the layer with small grains and the layer with large grains was systematically compared. Quantitative analysis indicated that at a given nominal rolling strain small grains seem to grow more slowly than large grains, which can be attributed to the fact that the “hard” small grains sustain less deformation when the gradient are deformed to a certain strain.
Operation optimization of multi-energy flow integrated energy system based on multi-objective
Authors: Wang Yongli , Chen Xin , Fan Lisha , Zhou Minhan , Dong Huanran , Zhao Kunpeng , Jia Shaokun
Published: December 2020

In order to solve the problem that most of the existing combined cooling, heating and power integrated energy systems only consider the investment cost of the system unit or the system environmental pollution affecting the overall optimization of the system, with the goal of system economy and environmental protection, the construction of gas turbines, gas boilers, The optimization model of the combined cooling, heating and power system of electric refrigerators and other units and the establishment of constraint conditions; according to the requirements of the cooling, heating, and electric loads in the dispatch cycle, as well as the energy supply efficiency of each equipment of the system, the starting and stopping power and other operating parameters are in the interval. Based on the respective data, a multi-energy flow regional integrated energy system economic dispatch optimization operation strategy optimized within the dispatch period is proposed. The results show that the operation strategy can take into account the economy and environmental protection of the system at the same time, make the system operation more optimized.
Differences of the Luminous Principle between Laser devices and LED devices
Authors: Li Xincheng
Published: December 2020

The concept of luminescence has been a fascinating concept to mankind. The goal of this paper is to provide insights into the mysterious phenomenon of photoluminescence occurring from natural crystal lattice materials through electron radiation processes. The research methods used in the study involve the detection, identification, and interpretation of the structure, the working principle of the luminescence concept, and the application of the concept of luminescence from written materials. The methods extracted from the materials involve biological and biochemical lab methods based on the existence of phosphorescence, chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, and finally fluorescence. The study paper also highlights the differences between LEDs and LASERS, which are the main types of luminescence producing semiconductor devices. Their variations are presented in aspects of their working principle, the type of luminescence they produce, the respective output power, and the speed, transmitting distance & cost of each. Photoluminescence is a concept whose applications are widespread in the physical and chemical processes of our daily activities. Therefore, it is important to have a sufficient understanding of the successful applications of luminescent enhancement.
Research on Design and Application Based on Constant Temperature Performance in Clothing Structure
Authors: Yang Qingmei , Wang Lihui , Zhang Yansong
Published: December 2020

With the development of the times, people’s living standards have gradually improved, and the requirements for clothing have also increased. This is a thermostatic clothing suitable for somatosensory and microclimate environments in high temperature and hot and low temperature and cold environments. It uses functional materials to strengthen the temperature regulation of the thermostatic energy storage layer and extend the effective working time of the thermostatic clothing. This paper conducts in-depth research on the clothing structure, combines the design and application of constant temperature performance and discovers the relationship between the two, promotes the effective integration of the two, improves the aesthetic and practical value of clothing, and promotes the simultaneous development of my country’s clothing industry.
Based on the New Idea of Improving the Teaching Effect of Physical Chemistry by Reducing Students’ Burden
Authors: Han Li , Wang Hui , Gong Weijuan
Published: December 2020

In order to improve the professional level of college students and promote their overall development, colleges and universities adopt credit system, students are required to learn several elective courses in addition to the basic professional courses and professional skills courses, so that students are constantly passive listening to lectures, is not conducive to the cultivation of students’ independent learning ability and expertise play. The course of physical chemistry is characterized by many formulas and abstract concepts. It is difficult for students to learn and takes up a long time after class. Therefore, it is very necessary to adopt diversified teaching mode, expand teaching links, ensure students’ learning effect in class and reduce their learning burden after class.
Power Load Forecasting Model Based on Grey Neural Network Regression Combination
Authors: Ma Guozhen , Pang Ning , Zhang Zeya , Wang Yongli , Liu Chen , Yao Suhang , Tao Siyi
Published: December 2020

Due to the limitations of a single power load forecasting model, the power load forecasting cannot be performed well. In order to obtain a greater closeness to predict results with actual data, this paper presents the power load forecasting model based on gray neural network combined return to Guangzhou, 2010 - 2019 on actual data for example, the results show that: As used herein, the combined model method has high accuracy and strong use value.
Fabrication and characterization of graphene induced Metal Semiconductor Metal (MSM) structure for detection and sensing applications
Authors: Alam Shoaib , Shuja Ahmed , Jamil Erum , Siddique Faryal , Siddiqui Ali Raamiz
Published: December 2020

The demand for miniaturization of electronic devices has lent to the development of graphene-based hybrid structures, which include the Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) device. In this work, one has developed such a device by growing monolayers of graphene on top of Nickel to form the basic structural matrix. Four different variants of the MSM unit structures have been developed to assess their potential in next generation electronics. The presence of graphene in the original matrix was confirmed via Atomic Force Microscopy, and the optical response of the graphene layer was further studied using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry in UV-Vis-NIR regime; Forouhi-Bloomer model was used to analyze the ellipsometry data. Hall effect and other electrical characterization measurements were conducted to analyze the electrical properties of the fabricated devices.