bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wideband circularly polarized magnetic‐electric dipole antenna using shorted stub for millimeter wave endfire radiation
Authors: Xu Hengfei , Zhu Xi‐Cheng , Wei Pu , Yu Zhiqiang , Liu Chuanqing
Published: June 2024

A wideband circularly polarized (CP) planar endfire magnetic‐electric dipole antenna with single‐layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is presented for millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) communications. The antenna consists of an SIW feeding line, an electric dipole formed by two tilted shorted stubs and a magnetic dipole produced by an open‐ended SIW. Wideband CP radiation is implemented by simultaneously excited electric and magnetic dipoles in orthogonal phase, and its working principle is analyzed in detail by employing the traveling wave mode along the shorted stubs. The antenna prototype is fabricated and measured as a demonstration, which clearly demonstrates wide impedance bandwidth over 48.9%, wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 46%, novel electric dipole structure, cost‐effective fabrication, and easy integration performance.
Self‐supervised learning for denoising of multidimensional MRI data
Authors: Kang Beomgu , Lee Wonil , Seo Hyunseok , Heo Hye‐Young , Park HyunWook
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To develop a fast denoising framework for high‐dimensional MRI data based on a self‐supervised learning scheme, which does not require ground truth clean image.

Theory and Methods

Quantitative MRI faces limitations in SNR, because the variation of signal amplitude in a large set of images is the key mechanism for quantification. In addition, the complex non‐linear signal models make the fitting process vulnerable to noise. To address these issues, we propose a fast deep‐learning framework for denoising, which efficiently exploits the redundancy in multidimensional MRI data. A self‐supervised model was designed to use only noisy images for training, bypassing the challenge of clean data paucity in clinical practice. For validation, we used two different datasets of simulated magnetization transfer contrast MR fingerprinting (MTC‐MRF) dataset and in vivo DWI image dataset to show the generalizability.

Results

The proposed method drastically improved denoising performance in the presence of mild‐to‐severe noise regardless of noise distributions compared to previous methods of the BM3D, tMPPCA, and Patch2self. The improvements were even pronounced in the following quantification results from the denoised images.

Conclusion

The proposed MD‐S2S (Multidimensional‐Self2Self) denoising technique could be further applied to various multi‐dimensional MRI data and improve the quantification accuracy of tissue parameter maps.
Accelerated 3D multi‐channel B1+ mapping at 7 T for the brain and heart
Authors: Kent James L. , de Buck Matthijs H. S. , Dragonu Iulius , Chiew Mark , Valkovič Ladislav , Hess Aaron T.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To acquire accurate volumetric multi‐channel maps in under 14 s whole‐brain or 23 heartbeats whole‐heart for parallel transmit (pTx) applications at 7 T.

Theory and Methods

We evaluate the combination of three recently proposed techniques. The acquisition of multi‐channel transmit array maps is accelerated using transmit low rank (TxLR) with absolute mapping (Sandwich) acquired in a time‐interleaved acquisition of modes (B1TIAMO) fashion. Simulations using synthetic body images derived from Sim4Life were used to test the achievable acceleration for small scan matrices of 24 × 24. Next, we evaluated the method by retrospectively undersampling a fully sampled library of nine subjects in the brain. Finally, Cartesian undersampled phantom and in vivo images were acquired in both the brain of three subjects (8Tx/32 receive [Rx]) and the heart of another three subjects (8Tx/8Rx) at 7 T.

Results

Simulation and in vivo results show that volumetric multi‐channel maps can be acquired using acceleration factors of 4 in the body, reducing the acquisition time to within 23 heartbeats, which was previously not possible. In silico heart simulations demonstrated a RMS error to the fully sampled native resolution ground truth of 4.2° when combined in first‐order circularly polarized mode (mean flip angle 66°) at an acceleration factor of 4. The 14 s 3D maps acquired in the brain have a RMS error of 1.9° to the fully sampled (mean flip angle 86°).

Conclusion

The proposed method is demonstrated as a fast pTx calibration technique in the brain and a promising method for pTx calibration in the body.
Case log trends of urogynecology and reconstructive pelvic surgery fellows: A comparison of urology‐ and gynecology‐based fellowship programs
Authors: Tabakin Alexandra L. , Sawhney Rohan , Daily Adam M. , Winkler Harvey A. , Shalom Dara F. , Tam Justina , Lee Wai
Published: June 2024

Aims

Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery (URPS) fellowship can be pursued after completion of either a urology (URO) or obstetrics and gynecology (GYN) residency. Our aim is to determine differences in graduating fellow cohort (GFC) case logs between URO‐ and GYN‐based URPS programs.

Methods

Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs for URPS GFCs in both GYN‐ and URO‐based programs were analyzed for the 2019–2023 academic years (AY). Unpaired t‐tests with Welch's correction were used to compare annual mean logged cases between URO‐ versus GYN‐based GFCs for select surgical categories and the top 11 most logged index cases.

Results

GYN‐based GFCs logged more cases for all pelvic organ prolapse (POP) categories including surgery on apical POP, anterior wall POP, and posterior wall POP (all p < 0.01), while URO‐based GFCs logged more cases for surgery on the urinary system (p = 0.03). For the top 11 logged procedures, URO‐based GFCs logged more sacral neuromodulation cases (p = 0.02), whereas GYN‐based GFCs logged more slings, vaginal hysterectomies, minimally‐invasive hysterectomies, vaginal apical POP, vaginal posterior POP, vaginal anterior POP, and minimally‐invasive apical POP cases (all p < 0.01). There was no difference between URO‐ and GYN‐based GFCs for complex urodynamics, cystoscopy with botox injection, or periurethral injection cases.

Conclusions

URO‐based URPS fellows tend to graduate with more surgery on the urinary system and sacral neuromodulation cases, while GYN‐based fellows perform more slings, hysterectomies, and POP surgery. These findings may help fellowships better understand potential differences in training among graduates from URO‐ and GYN‐based programs and encourage collaboration to lessen these discrepancies.
Efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg by race and ethnicity: A post hoc analysis of three randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rubino Domenica , Angelene Hanna , Fabricatore Anthony , Ard Jamy
Published: June 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, by race and ethnicity, across three phase 3 trials.

Methods

The Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity (STEP) clinical trials evaluated the efficacy and safety of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg. Here, STEP 1 and 3 data were pooled for analysis; STEP 2 data were examined separately. All analyses were conducted using data from racial and ethnic subgroups. The primary outcome was the estimated treatment difference in percent body weight change for semaglutide 2.4 mg versus placebo.

Results

Participants reported race as White (STEP 1 and 3, 75.3%; STEP 2, 59.4%), Black (8.8%; 8.9%), Asian (10.6%; 27.3%), or other racial group (5.3%; 4.4%); and ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino (13.9%; 11.9%) or not Hispanic or Latino (83.9%; 88.1%). There were no significant interactions between treatment effect and race (STEP 1 and 3: p ≥ 0.07; STEP 2: p ≥ 0.15) or ethnicity (p ≥ 0.40; p ≥ 0.85). The safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg was consistent across subgroups.

Conclusions

The treatment effect of semaglutide was statistically significant versus placebo and clinically relevant across all racial and ethnic subgroups in STEP 1 and 3 and STEP 2. All subgroups across both samples demonstrated good tolerability.

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Isocaloric replacement of ultraprocessed foods was associated with greater weight loss in the POUNDS Lost trial
Authors: Yao Qisi , de Araujo Carolina D. , Juul Filippa , Champagne Catherine M. , Bray George A. , Sacks Frank M. , Vadiveloo Maya K.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Higher intake of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) is associated with obesity. We examined whether replacing UPFs (NOVA 4) with minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients (NOVA 1 + 2) was associated with differential weight change in this secondary prospective analysis of the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS) Lost trial.

Methods

We estimated percent energy intake (%kcal) from the four NOVA groups using 24‐h dietary recalls in a subset of 356 participants. Multivariable‐adjusted substitution models examined whether replacing %kcal from UPFs with NOVA 1 + 2 was associated with greater weight, body fat percentage, trunk fat, and waist circumference reduction at 6 months; changes in parameters were compared among NOVA 1 + 2 tertiles (T).

Results

Participants were on average 52.3 years of age, 85% White, 55% female, and 58.2% nonsmoking, with a mean BMI of 32.7 kg/m2. Replacing 10%kcal of UPFs with NOVA 1 + 2 was associated with greater 6‐month weight (ß = 0.51, 95% CI: −0.93 to −0.09, p = 0.02), body fat percentage (ß = 2.7, 95% CI: −5.10 to −0.43, p = 0.02), and trunk fat reduction (ß = 3.9, 95% CI: −7.01 to −0.70, p = 0.02), but not waist circumference reduction. Participants in T3 (−8.33 kg) versus T1 (−5.32 kg) of NOVA 1 + 2 had greater weight loss (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Isocaloric substitution of UPFs with NOVA 1 + 2 was associated with marginally greater weight loss under energy restriction. These modest findings support more research exploring the mechanisms linking UPFs with body weight regulation beyond energy intake.
New stable waterborne amorphous polylactic acid/organoclay nanocomposites prepared using emulsification solvent evaporation method
Authors: Abdenour Chenni , Nguyen‐Tri Phuong , Chabot Bruno , Barnabé Simon , Bley Julien , Tolnai Balázs , Guy Njamen , Eesaee Mostafa
Published: June 2024

Water based polylactic acid (PLA)‐surface modified montmorillonite (MMt) nanocomposites as biobased formulations for paper coating were successfully developed using emulsification solvent evaporation method. Electrostatic and steric stabilization mechanisms have contributed to the production of stable emulsions up to 5 months at 23 ± 1°C, revealing strong repulsive forces generated between the nanoparticles as confirmed by zeta potential (ζ) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. MMt particles were fully encapsulated by PLA as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. Meanwhile the film formation process highlighted the importance of emulsifier's type and solubility in the polymer matrix, as no films were obtained when sodium oleate was used alone compared with continuous, homogeneous, and free‐standing films obtained when the combination Tween 80 (80 wt%)—sodium oleate (20 wt%) was used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the cross‐section's surfaces showed homogeneous dispersion of the MMt particles with no clusters or agglomerates formed. Thermal analyses using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC‐TGA) showed an overall reduction in the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the thermal stability of neat PLA, whoever this reduction was recovered when MMt was added due to the confinement effect. Thickened PLA and PLA/MMt emulsions using 1 wt% xanthan gum showed a non‐Newtonian behavior and shear thinning flow with suitable viscosity values for paper coating applications.

Highlights

Development of stable PLA/organoclay nanocomposite aqueous dispersions.

Steric and electrostatic mechanisms provided excellent stability.

Full encapsulation of organoclay platelets in nanometric PLA particles.

Formation of free‐standing films from PLA/organoclay emulsions.

Thickened PLA/organoclay emulsions using Xanthan gum for paper coatings.
Utilizing mesenteric near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict gastrointestinal complication risks and optimize feeding strategies in infants undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Xie Wenpeng , Liu Yinan , Zeng Yating , Zheng Yirong , Chen Qiang
Published: June 2024

Importance

Gastrointestinal complications are common perioperative complications in children with congenital heart disease (CHD), and as near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a non‐invasive, real‐time monitoring of regional tissue oxygenation, we envisioned monitoring and preventing the development of gastrointestinal complications through the use of NIRS.

Objective

To assess the utility of NIRS for predicting gastrointestinal complication risks and determining optimal initial feeding times in infants post‐cardiac surgery.

Methods

This retrospective study included 65 infants with CHD treated at our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022. We collected and analyzed data on mesenteric regional venous and arterial oxygen saturation, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, first lactic acid levels, timing of initial enteral feeding, and incidence of gastrointestinal complications.

Results

Out of 65, 61 infants were eligible for inclusion (four cases were excluded). Infants with gastrointestinal complications post‐surgery showed significantly lower mesenteric NIRS values and earlier feeding times compared to those without complications (55.5 ± 3.3 vs. 59.6 ± 6.3, P = 0.029; and 59.8 ± 6.7 vs. 66.9 ± 5.7, P = 0.002, respectively). Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis revealed that mesenteric NIRS readings at the time of initial feeding independently predicted gastrointestinal complications (odds ratio, 0.802; 95% confidence interval, 0.693–0.928; P = 0.003). receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated a significant predictive value of mesenteric NIRS at initial feeding time (area under the curve: 0.799), with a suggested critical threshold of 63.1% (93% sensitivity, 70% specificity). Pearson correlation test confirmed a significant association between mesenteric NIRS at initial feeding time and the establishment of enteral feeding.

Interpretation

Mesenteric NIRS measurements at the time of initial feeding provide a reliable method for identifying infants at risk of gastrointestinal complications following cardiac surgery and can inform decisions regarding the timing of initial postoperative feeding.
Serum biomarkers in neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy
Authors: Marczak Honorata , Peradzyńska Joanna , Paplińska‐Goryca Magdalena , Misiukiewicz‐Stępień Paulina , Proboszcz Małgorzata , Krenke Katarzyna
Published: June 2024

Background

Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is a form of childhood interstitial lung disease of unknown origin associated with hyperplasia of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs). Diagnosis is based on the characteristic clinical picture and typical radiological imaging, and, in some cases, on lung biopsies. To date, no biochemical indicators of the disease have been identified.

Aim

We aimed to determine biomarkers that could be useful in the management of children diagnosed with NEHI.

Methods

Patients with NEHI and healthy children were enrolled. Concentrations of serum biomarkers secreted by PNECs (calcitonin gene‐related peptide and gastrin‐releasing peptide) and biomarkers of the destruction of alveolar capillary membrane (surfactant proteins A and D [SP‐A and SP‐D]; glycoprotein Krebs von den Lungen‐6 [KL‐6]; metalloproteinases 7 and 9 [MMP‐7 and MMP‐9]; tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease 1) were measured.

Results

Fifty‐two children with NEHI and 23 healthy children were included in the study. The median age of children with NEHI was 3.9 years. There were no differences in serum levels of biomarkers secreted by PNECs between groups. KL‐6 levels were significantly higher in children with NEHI than in healthy ones (median 119.6 vs. 92.1 U/mL, p = 0.003); however, concentrations of KL‐6 were low in both groups. No significant differences existed between groups for the remaining biomarkers associated with the destruction of the alveolar‐capillary membrane.

Conclusions

Measurement of serum biomarkers released by PNECs and those associated with the destruction of the alveolar‐capillary membrane does not appear to be useful in the management of children with NEHI.
Two‐sample testing for random graphs
Authors: Wen Xiaoyi
Published: June 2024

The employment of two‐sample hypothesis testing in examining random graphs has been a prevalent approach in diverse fields such as social sciences, neuroscience, and genetics. We advance a spectral‐based two‐sample hypothesis testing methodology to test the latent position random graphs. We propose two distinct asymptotic normal statistics, each optimally designed for two different models—the elementary Erdős–Rényi model and the more complex latent position random graph model. For the latter, the spectral embedding of the adjacency matrix was utilized to estimate the test statistic. The proposed method exhibited superior efficacy as it accomplished higher power than the conventional method of mean estimation. To validate our hypothesis testing procedure, we applied it to empirical biological data to discern structural variances in gene co‐expression networks between COVID‐19 patients and individuals who remained unaffected by the disease.
6‐3: Quasi‐Maxwellian View Based Free‐Focusing Holographic Augmented Reality System Design
Authors: Tan Rui , Liu Qi , Misran Muhamad Affiq , Hattori Reiji
Published: June 2024

Recent advancements in Augmented Reality (AR) have led to increased focus on head‐mounted or near‐eye displays, but optical challenges such as limited field of view and small eye‐box size persist. To address these, Holographic Optical Elements (HOEs) has emerged as a solution. However, conventional AR glasses face limitations, as a result, this paper validates the free focusing performance of both quasi‐Maxwellian view and Maxwellian view, compares their field of view and eye rotation tolerance, and finally proposes a holographic AR system design based on quasi‐Maxwellian view to allow for larger eye‐box movement and free focusing.
7‐2: Eliminating Tic‐Tac‐Toe Image Retention in MLED Displays through Temporal and Spatial Compensation Methods
Authors: Song Zheyuan , Hou Feng , Zhang Shuguo , Wang Xian , Duan Ran , Wu Yanhong , Chen Guannan , Zhang Zhiguo , Guo Rui , Jiang Xingqun
Published: June 2024

MLED technology promises superior luminance, contrast, and color accuracy in high‐performance displays. However, Tic‐Tac‐Toe image retention in MLED LTPS chip‐on‐glass (COG) needs to be addressed. This is due to regional temperature inconsistencies caused by the metal structure. This paper presents a compensation method, incorporating temporal and spatial. The approach is implemented on FPGA and successfully integrated into mass‐produced MLED displays.
11‐1: Invited Paper: Enhanced text display with balanced anti‐reflection and anti‐glare design
Authors: Yang Song , Zeng Yang , Yao Qijun , Lu Feng , Lyu Bojia , Li Shaohua
Published: June 2024

Influences of anti‐reflection (AR) and anti‐glare (AG) components on display performance were studied, especially for the scenario of indoor text reading. Both ambient influence and display clarity were analyzed in search of a cost‐effective combination of the two components. A design method based on human eye sensitivity curves was developed for the optimization of AG component.
22‐2: Virtual Reality Technology in The Field of Mental Decompression Research
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Hu Yang , Wang Lijun
Published: June 2024

According to the World Mental Health Report, after the outbreak of the epidemic in China, the incidence rate of common mental diseases such as depression and anxiety has increased by 25%, and nearly 1 billion people suffer from mental diseases. According to statistics, more than 70% of people in China are in a state of sub‐health, the main reasons for sub‐health include academic pressure, fast pace of life, long working hours and psychological pressure. Traditional psychological stress treatment is through a face‐to‐face dialogue with a professional mental health professional to solve personal psychological stress or emotional problems, traditional psychological stress treatment requires the patient to go to the therapist's office, treatment also takes a period of time, which takes a lot of time for the patient. In addition, there is a high demand for psychological stress treatment services, and in some areas it may be difficult to make an appointment with a psychological stress therapist, and patients may have to wait a long time to get treatment. In response to the above problems, researchers have introduced virtual reality technology into psychological stress treatment, simulating various virtual environments to help individuals deal with psychological stress and mental health problems. In addition, this paper will discuss in detail the research results and application of virtual reality technology in the treatment of social anxiety disorder, test anxiety disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, fear of heights and other symptoms. At the same time, the current research content of the laboratory is also introduced, which takes the pre‐processed EEG signal as the basis for judging the patient's mood, and recommends VR videos that may make the patient relax, and the patients can achieve the purpose of decompression by watching VR videos.
23‐2: Invited Paper: Fabrication of Super Uniform Nickel Bumps Using Electroless Plating on Micro‐LEDs’ TFT Driver Substrates
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai , Lin Chang , Lu Yu , Sun Jie , Yan Qun , Zhang Kaixin , Huang Zhonghang , Yang Tianxi , Guo Tailiang
Published: June 2024

In this study, in order to achieve high‐yield Micro‐LED chip bonding and thus further advance the breakthrough of Micro‐LED interconnect technology. In this study, an electroless plating method is used to achieve the highly uniform nickel bump arrays on thin film transistor (TFT) driver substrate. Initially, the photoresists AZ4620 and AZ2070 are chosen for the experiments, which can cover the step structure uniformly of TFT substrate. Subsequently, the morphology of bumps on the TFT substrate influenced by the plasma treatment and the deposition time is investigated. The 1% uniformity of the nickel bump arrays by the electroless plating for 30 minutes after 5‐minute plasma treatment is achieved, which lays the foundation for the electroless plating self‐bonding.
26‐1: A Wearable Glucose Sensor Integrated with Hollow Microneedles and Reverse Iontophoresis Extraction†
Authors: Liu Lulu , Li Yi , Liang Jie , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jianhua
Published: June 2024

Reverse iontophoresis (RI) technology has the advantages of wearable and painless in the field of continuous glucose monitoring. However, there are still challenges in optimizing the extraction throughput and consistency of RI. Here, we study an extraction and detection system based on microneedles, which integrates hollow microneedles and constant current adjustable circuits to achieve efficient RI extraction of glucose from interstitial fluid and improve the electrochemical performance of glucose sensor. High sensitivity and limit of detection were achieved in the same glucose sensor. The integrated device has the advantages of simple preparation, high sensitivity, high accuracy and electrical controllability, and has practical application potential in glucose sensing.
28‐1: Study of the diffraction properties of gradient period polarization volume gratings
Authors: Yang Canran , Weng Yishi , Wei Ran , Gu Yuchen , Zhang Yuning
Published: June 2024

Augmented reality (AR) displays are gaining attention as next‐ generation intelligent display technologies. To further address the demand for a wide field of view (FOV) in AR displays, gradient period polarization volume holographic gratings (PVGs) are proposed as coupling devices for diffractive waveguides. Here, a novel modeling method for gradient period PVGs are proposed by incorporating grating stacking and scattering analysis utilizing rigorous coupled‐wave analysis (RCWA) theory. The diffraction efficiency and polarization response were extensively explored using this simulation model.
31‐3: Enhancing Micro‐LED Pixel Circuit Performance through Threshold Voltage Compensation Utilizing LTPO Technology
Authors: Li Yan , Im Hwarim , Moon Kook Chol , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we proposed a new low‐temperate polycrystalline silicon and oxide (LTPO) thin film transistor (TFT) pixel circuit for micro light‐emitting diode (µLED) displays. This design considers the current‐sensitive attributes of µLEDs and employs a hybrid driving approach involving Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM). The proposed pixel circuit can not only compensate the threshold voltages of the two driving TFTs, but also reduce the voltage drop by current (IR drop) of the entire backplane through compensation and offset.
34‐1: Why Novel Display Technology Start‐ups Are Hard to Survive
Authors: Ren Peter
Published: June 2024

Novel display technology start‐ups encounter significant challenges. This paper identifies five major obstacles, high entry barrier, well‐defined domain, existing supply chains, established manufacturing processes and the competitive cost. This article examines these hurdles and proposes a comprehensive roadmap to overcome these by sharing a case study of Digital Micro Shutter (DMS) display [1], [2].
34‐2: Research on LCD Partition Backlight Visual Stimulator Based on SSVEP
Authors: Tang Weicheng , Zhong Xuefei , Zhang Xiong , Fan Zhaowen
Published: June 2024

This article uses the partition backlight of LCD to design a visual stimulator for SSVEP brain computer interface systems, and compares it with traditional LCD visual stimulators in experiments. The experimental results not only proved the feasibility of using partition backlight as a visual stimulator, but also found that the performance of partition backlight visual stimulators is superior to traditional visual stimulators when outputting high∐frequency stimuli.
42‐3: Intelligent Color Calibration Scheme for LCD Displays: A Cost‐Efficient and Industry‐Applicable Method
Authors: Su Yuefeng , Song Yang , Fan Xiaojun , Xue Jingfeng , Ren Zhongfeng , Fan Yahong , Zhou Hui , Pei Yong , Chen Xiaokun , Tang Wei , Li Yongkai
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we introduce an innovative intelligent LCD color calibration method that utilizes a Lookup Table (LUT) derived from process parameters or specifications of key LCD components. Our method significantly enhances the white color coordinate difference area by 46.6% in CIE 1931, achieved by incorporating only LED color ranks into the LUT. Compared to current LCD color calibration methods, this approach eliminates the need for additional color measurement equipment investment. It has minimal impact on production tact time and seamlessly integrates with existing industry equipment, making it a potential solution to notably improve the overall color difference performance in the LCD industry.
54‐1: Invited Paper: Promising Conceptual Designs of 2‐in‐1 Antenna‐on‐Display (AoD) for Mobile Phones
Authors: Huang Huan-Chu , Wu Jie , Cui Shuang
Published: June 2024

The paper presents two innovative, interesting and promising conceptual designs of 2‐in‐1 antenna‐on‐display (AoD) for mobile phones. The 2‐in‐1 AoD designs integrate millimeter‐wave (mmw) antennas and a near‐field communication (NFC) coil/coils, and microwave (mcw) antennas and a near‐field communication (NFC) coil, respectively. The proposed 2‐in‐1 AoD designs can elegantly function as advanced antenna integration solutions for mobile phones to well satisfy users’ popular demands on wireless communications in eras of 5G and beyond 5G (B5G).
56‐1: Invited Paper: Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes for Micro Display
Authors: Li Depeng , Ma Jingrui , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: June 2024

Quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) have recently demonstrated great potential for next‐generation displays. By optimizing the device structure and film thicknesses, we achieved top‐emitting QLED devices with good performance metrics, including high brightness, efficiency, and low turn‐on voltage. Furthermore, we successfully fabricated single‐color active‐matrix quantum dot light emitting diode (AMQLED) micro display devices by integrating QLED with a Complementary Metal–Oxide– Semiconductor (CMOS) backplane. These devices exhibit high resolution, brightness, and image quality, underscoring the significant commercial value of QLED micro display devices in head‐mounted augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) systems.
61‐2: Implementation of Phased Array Antennas Based on Liquid Crystal Technology in Simulated Satellite Communication Systems
Authors: Liu Jin , Wang Xiangru , Liang Feng , Wu Chundi
Published: June 2024

A simulated satellite communication system was constructed by introducing a phased array antenna based on liquid crystal (LC) technology to achieve communication with the transmitting antennas at various alignment angles. The 16 × 16 phased array antenna serves as the receiving antenna and employs tunable microwave LC material as the reconfigurable component to achieve 360° phase shift. The algorithm for controlling the wave is integrated into the FPGA to drive the antenna array and achieve the target beam deflection to maintain communication.
70‐3: Research on reliability bulging of carbon fiber bracket based on folding products
Authors: Luo Miao , Zeng Jia , Zeng Wei , Zhang Shuqi , WANG Zijian , Lu Xu , Fu An
Published: June 2024

Carbon fiber bracket can greatly reduce the weight of foldable display modules, making a significant contribution to the lightweight of foldable mobile phones. This article takes OLED display modules as the research object, and fully reveals the bulging mechanism of carbon fiber bracket through disassembly analysis, infrared analysis, SEM analysis of pre impregnated materials, FIB slicing analysis after boiling carbon fiber boards, and verification of process parameters. The results indicate that the bulging delamination interface mainly occurs between FEP adhesive and carbon fiber board, and the fundamental reason is that the carbon fiber board releases gas. Further analysis indicates that carbon fiber board contains a curing agent, which contains a dicyandiamide component. Under high temperature and humidity conditions, dicyandiamide reacts chemically, releasing ammonia gas and damaging the interface between the colloid and carbon fiber board, resulting in delamination between FEP adhesive and carbon fiber board, and bulging in the reliability testing.
P‐1.1: The Back‐channel Effect in Low Temperature Poly‐Si Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Shen Ying , Liu Xiaojing , Guo Xiaoxiao , Zhang Weibin , Zhu Xiujian
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the mechanism of the back‐channel effect on TFTs (Thin Film Transistors) and proposes novel methods for characterizing and improving the stability of driving TFT devices, including back‐channel and back‐voltage testing. In comparison to routine sticking image and negative bias temperature stress testing, our methods aim to minimize the impact of intrinsic material fluctuations, allowing for independent measurement of the back‐channel effect on TFT device electrical characteristics. We also offer an enhanced option (N2 Plasma treatment of PI surface), that have been used for better the performance of products.
P‐1.19: Temperature‐Controlled Dip‐Coating Flexible Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Xu Lin , Huang Wei , Chen Rongsheng
Published: June 2024

Carbon nanotube thin‐film transistors (CNT‐TFTs) represent promising candidates for flexible displays and carbon‐based chips. However, challenges persist in achieving large‐area fabrication of high‐mobility flexible CNT‐TFTs. In this study, we present the fabrication of high‐performance flexible CNT‐TFTs using a temperature‐controlled dip‐coating technique (TCDC). These transistors exhibit a mobility of 27.8 cm2 V-1·s-1 and an on‐state current of 8.06 × 10‐5 A. Even when subjected to a curvature radius of 2.5 mm, flexible CNT‐TFTs maintain their excellent performance, thus indicating their potential for applications in large‐area flexible integrated circuits and wearable sensor domains.
P‐2.3: Development Prospects and Current Status of Deep Learning Neural Network‐based Facial Capture in the Metaverse Field
Authors: Qin Hongyu , Wang Chuang , Li Zhengping , Wang Lijun
Published: June 2024

The intricate physiological composition of the human face facilitates the manifestation of diverse facial expressions, serving as a conduit for the conveyance of emotions, cognitive states, and the anticipation of future reactions. This multifaceted ability holds paramount significance in character representation. The realistic reconstruction of 3D human facial expressions stands as a focal point within the realms of computer graphics and computer vision research. The endeavor to capture and reconstruct three‐dimensional models depicting facial expressions finds extensive utility across various domains, notably making notable strides in computer games, cinematic productions, medical applications, and social interaction paradigms. This paper directs its attention to the realm of facial animation capture, elucidating the evolution of its manifold techniques and their applications. Furthermore, a meticulous analysis of the distinctions between these techniques ensues, unraveling their respective merits and demerits.
P‐3.1: Display Quality and Visual Fatigue Effect of LTPO and LTPS
Authors: Ye Jiaxin , Cao Yingxin , Xie Gaohui , Wu Pei , Li Mingsheng
Published: June 2024

With the daily application of mobile phones, the frequency and length of mobile phone use has increased greatly, and the research on the impact of display screens on human eye fatigue has become increasingly important. OLED screens on the market now mainly use LTPO and LTPS technologies. In order to discuss the display quality and visual comfort of these two display technologies, this paper studies the optical performance measurement and subjective evaluation. The results show that LTPO and LTPS display have good visual comfort in solid color screen. Under long‐term dynamic display, LTPO response time is shorter, residual image dissipation is faster, screen switching almost leaves no trace, animation fluency is higher, and the post‐00s and myopic people are more inclined to the visual comfort of LTPO products. The difference between LTPO and LTPS fatigue becomes smaller with age, and the difference in fatigue increases with vision.
P‐4.1: Research on Fusion Calibration Algorithm of Camera and IMU improved by Maximum Likelihood Method
Authors: Wang Jingliang , Wang Lijun , Li Zhengping
Published: June 2024

Sensor calibration is an important step in SLAM, and lightweight, inexpensive sensors are often used in Augmented Reality applications. The accuracy of sensor calibration directly affects the accuracy and reliability of subsequent image processing, recognition, perception, and positioning. The inertial processing unit is robust to the sudden motion effect, blurring appears in the middle of camera motion, and the overlap area between two frames is too small, so it is difficult to match feature points. The camera itself can solve the problem of IMU drift in the middle of slow motion, and the two are complementary. VI‐SLAM, which integrates vision and IMU, has become a hot research topic at present. In this paper, the INDEMIND calibration method is analyzed and improved, the maximum likelihood method is used to improve the calibration accuracy, and its effectiveness is verified in the experiment.
P‐4.10: A review of metaverse technology and application research
Authors: Wang Chen , Xing Luran , Wang Lijun
Published: June 2024

Along with the arrival of the Internet 3.0 era, meta‐universe has become a hotspot for industry, academia, media and the public. Meta‐universe is a new type of Internet application and social form that integrates VR/AR/MR, blockchain, artificial intelligence and other new technologies, and at the same time, these emerging technologies are the basis for connecting the real world and the meta‐universe. Starting from the concept of meta‐universe, this paper summarizes the different insights of experts, practitioners and scholars on the concept and connotation of meta‐universe. After that, the meta‐universe is deeply analyzed and comprehensively reviewed from both technical and application aspects.
P‐4.11: Research on VR/AR technology and its application under new technology environment
Authors: Xing Luran , Wang Chen , Wang Lijun
Published: June 2024

The development of the new generation of information industry is closely related to the update of VR/AR technology. The development of 5G network, Internet of things, artificial intelligence and machine learning, edge computing and other technologies provides a new technical environment for the development of VR/AR technology. It not only enriches the functions of VR/AR, but also creates more application scenarios, thus promoting the further development and integration of the two in various fields. This paper will elaborate on the development prospect and application research of VR/AR technology in the new technology environment, in order to better grasp the VR/AR technology that is still innovating and developing.
P‐4.28: Influence of grating microstructural parameters on mitigating screen door effect
Authors: Liu Linqing , Feng Shizhen , Huang Genmao , Wang Xiangqian , Zhu Xiujian , Li Zhe , Zhao Jingjing , Wang Zhiwen , Guo Yingying
Published: June 2024

Since the concept of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality was put forward, the experience of using AR/VR devices comparable to the real world has become the motivation and target of the related industries. However, to get better visual immersion, the display module resolution needs to be retina level, i.e., 3000~4000 PPI, or else it will produce a screen door effect, which will degrade the user experience. Since higher PPI means smaller pixel pitch and PDL GAP, the balance between product lifetime and manufacturing cost will be difficult to maintain, which challenges the existing fine‐metal mask version (FMM)‐based AMOLED process steps. To meet the requirements of PPI, we fabricated periodically repeating microstructures to form a grating layer above the light‐emitting area to realize the resolution enhancement, and analyzed the effects of refractive index, thickness, and other parameters.
P‐4.33: Trustworthy Metaverse: A Comprehensive Investigation into Security Risks and Privacy Issues in Artificial Intelligence‐Extended Reality Systems
Authors: Li Tianhao , Zheng Yujia , Ma Weizhi , Wang Guangshuo , Li Zhengping , Wang Lijun
Published: June 2024

The imminent emergence of the Metaverse heralds a paradigm shift in the digital landscape, promising immersive, customized experiences across social, professional, and recreational realms within self‐sustaining virtual domains. This evolution, fueled by the fusion of augmented, virtual, and mixed realities with artificial intelligence, holds transformative potential. However, with progress come inherent risks. In the realm of AI‐driven extended reality (AI‐XR) applications, addressing security and privacy is paramount to engendering user trust. Safeguarding against potential threats is crucial, especially in critical domains like the Metaverse, to ensure user privacy and safety. In this paper, we embark on a exploration of the security and privacy landscape within AI‐XR environments. By dissecting the foundational concepts and vulnerabilities at the nexus of AI, XR, and the Metaverse, we aim to uncover potential attack vectors. Through the lens of a novel taxonomy, we delineate these risks and chart a course for addressing them, examining current challenges and future trajectories in securing the integrity and trustworthiness of AI‐XR systems.
P‐5.3: Three‐dimensional Continuous Expression Synthesis Method Based on Facial Expression Feature Map
Authors: Yang Ruilin , Yan Limin
Published: June 2024

With the development of virtual reality technology, three‐dimensional (3D) images are widely used in various fields. However, the facial features extracted by most facial expression generation methods are not deeply explored. We propose a method for synthesizing 3D continuous facial expressions based on human expression feature maps, which includes an identity converter based on expression feature maps, a facial image generator, and linear interpolation of continuous expressions. Through comparative experiments, this method has shown good stability and fast speed in synthesizing continuous expressions.
P‐5.23: The Ambient Contrast Ratio of Liquid Crystal Display with Anti‐reflection and Anti‐glare Film
Authors: Yang Wei-heng , Li Jun-jie , Cao Dan
Published: June 2024

In the application of display devices, sunlight readability is one of the common concerns for consumers, especially for mobile display devices. To improve sunlight readability of mobile display devices, a novel Anti‐glare and Low‐reflection (AGLR) film is proposed in this work. The AGLR film was fabricated by a wet coating process onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and was applied into a 15.6‐inch liquid crystal display (LCD). We systematically compare the optical performance of 15.6‐inch LCD with or without an AGLR film and it found that LCD with an AGLR film exhibits excellent optical properties, including low reflectance (<2.95%), high ambient contrast ratio (ACR) under weak ambient light and better anti‐glare with high haze (>50%). A classic theoretical model is used to calculate its optical parameter in this study and we obtain an excellent agreement between the experiment and theory. The proposed AGLR film is expected to widely applications for sunlight readable mobile display devices due to its excellent optical performance and mature production process.
P‐5.26: Application of Multi‐function Device based on Perovskite‐CdSe Bilayer Device Structure on Pulse Oximetry
Authors: Xie Zeyue , Zheng Ting , Zhu Mingchao , Ye Fanghao , Feng Zhipeng , Li Guijun
Published: June 2024

Multifunctional integrated device is an important research direction to realize high integration device. In this paper, the perovskite‐CdSe quantum dot bilayer structure device is fabricated, which can simultaneously realize luminescence and photoelectric detection functions under different voltage control. The device can apply to the reflective pulse oximeter system, which can further optimize the system structure while realizing reliable heart rate detection and arterial blood oxygenation detection. This work provides an effective solution to simplify the structure of pulse oximetry in the future.
P‐7.12: Influence of Plasma Treatment before evaporation on OLED performance
Authors: Wei Pan , Hu Xiaoxu , Chen Wenkai , Zhou Ruicong , Zhu Kai , Gao Yu , Ha Luna , Song Wonjun
Published: June 2024

With the development of display technology, people's needs for long lifetime are getting higher and higher. Due to the long development period of organic materials, how to improve the lifetime in certain organic materials system becomes more and more important. In this paper, we achieve this by varying the ratio of nitrogen and oxygen, as well as changing the power of plasma, thereby improving the performance of mobile displays.
P‐7.18: Effect of gate materials and stack structure on threshold voltage of ADS Pro TFT
Authors: Liu Dan , Huang Zhonghao , Wu Xu , Li Yanqiu , Yang Yutong , Ning Zhiyong , Min Taiye , Gao Kunkun , Fang Haolan , Fang Liang , Qi Chengjun , Wang Rui
Published: June 2024

TFT Vth is affected by gate material, thickness and film structure. If the Al/Mo electrode is added to bottom Mo, or Al is changed to Cu, the work function of Gate increases, that is, the flat band voltage increases, and finally Vth increases. As the gate thickness increases, the gate insulator at the profile position becomes thinner, resulting in a decrease in Vth. MoNb/Cu electrode is covered with top MoNb, which inhibits the diffusion of Cu to gate insulator(GI) and reduces the dielectric loss of GI, so that Vth decreases. At the same time, Cu diffuse to GI layerr, resulting in the positive Vth shift under negative gate stressing. Once MoNb/Cu is covered with top MoNb, the diffusion of Cu ions is inhibited, Vth gradually shifts in the negative direction under negative gate stressing and the positive Vth shift is smaller under positive gate stressing, which indicates that TFT is more stable.
P‐9.14: A method of Improving Image Quality of VRR Flicker
Authors: Zhao Yizhuo , Kim Chris , He Tao , Wu Yu
Published: June 2024

The low‐frequency image brightness of the VRR mode display will
decrease due to an increase in leakage time, causing the display to
flicker when switching between different frequencies, seriously
affecting user usage. By utilizing VDF technology (VRR De‐Flicker), on the one hand, digital voltage compensation is applied
to low‐frequency images to maintain consistent brightness at
different frequencies, and on the other hand, the Vcom voltage is
dynamically adjusted to suppress pixel leakage. Ultimately, the
goal of improving flicker is achieved.
P‐9.18: Driver of the Light Valve and Backlight in a 3D Display System
Authors: Zhang Ying , Gong Fangyuan , Guan Enhui , Yu Chao , Chen Shuo , Leng Changlin , Jiang Xingqun
Published: June 2024

In a 3D display system, the displayed image is constantly switching between the left eye image and the right eye image. After the human eyes synthesize the two images, a 3D effect is formed. In the process of switching, the discontinuity of the image may cause display crosstalk to the human eyes. Therefore, the backlight is usually turned off during this process, which also leads to a decrease in display brightness. In the 3D display system described in this article, within the blacklight, all the front and rear phases of all the channels can be adjusted independently along with the synchronization signal, so to improve the backlight brightness while keep the low crosstalk, and the voltage and phase of the light valve can be adjusted for a better 3D display.
P‐10.3: Research on Mechanical Property of Colorless Polyimide Cover Film for Foldable OLED Display
Authors: Miao Xiaonan , Liu Mingxing , Chen Lingyan , Xiao Weikang
Published: June 2024

In the field of flexible display, colorless polyimide (CPI) cover film is composed of colorless polyimide base film and hard coating (HC). At low temperature, after the display module is folded outward for thousands of cycles, the cover film is prone to crack, resulting in the failure of module reliability. Therefore, this paper focuses on the mechanical properties of A manufacturer's CPI cover film at room temperature and low temperature (‐20℃). The study shows that the elongation of the cover film decreases from 11% at room temperature to 6.9% at low temperature; the elongation of the hard coating decreases from 5%‐6% at room temperature to 3% at low temperature. This will lead to cover film cracks or fractures after the module is folded outward at low temperature. After the manufacturer improved the ductility of the cover film, the elongation of improved sample can be increased from 11% to 21%; the elongation of hard coating can be increased from 5%‐6% to 11%‐13%. The module used improved sample can successfully pass 20,000 cycles at low temperature. In addition, the properties, micromorphology and elemental composition of the sample were characterized by tensile testing, DMA and TEM, which can explain the improvement mechanism.