bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Гринвошинг в финансовом секторе – от банковских продуктов к «зеленым облигациям». Заметки на полях новой монографии Бернда Вильгауэра
Authors: Гончаров В.В.
Published: May 2024

Актуальность темы статьи-рецензии обусловлена изменениями, произошедшими в европейском «зеленом» законодательстве. Еврокомиссия приняла директиву «О зеленых претензиях» (Green Claims) в марте 2023 года. Нормативный акт дополняет и обеспечивает применение директивы «О расширении прав и возможностей потребителей в процессе перехода к «зеленой» экономике» (Empowering Consumers in the Green Transition) и развивает ее отдельные правовые аспекты. Одной из основных проблем на этом пути является гринвошинг – метод камуфлирования продуктов и услуг под экологичные. Предметом исследования является монография немецкого ученого и предпринимателя Б. Вильгауэра «Мой банк отмывает «по зеленому». Экологичная ложь мира финансов» (2023) посвященная гринвошингу в финансовом секторе. Автор ставит перед собой цель открытой дискуссии о понятии гринвошинга, факторах его развития, его признаках и влияния на корпоративную культуру. Отдельно рассмотрена деятельность европейских регуляторов по борьбе с гринвошингом. Целью рецензии является анализ положений, изложенных в новой монографии Б. Вильгауэра. Новизна темы обусловлена отсутствием перевода монографии на казахский и русский языки и рассмотрением гринвошинга с позиции концепции глобальной этики, предложенной швейцарским философом Х. Кюнгом. Этические проблемы гринвошинга это искажение активов, приводящее к их обесцениванию и неверным решениям при принятии решений. В рамках дискуссии на страницах монографии Б. Вильгауэром затронута тема использования «зеленых» облигаций, связанными с устойчивым развитием (Sustainability-Linked Bonds). Определены факторы и признаки финансового гринвошинга. Методом исследования стал сравнительный анализ, обеспечивающий соотнесение текста монографии с современным состоянием исследований в данной области.
Whether and to what extent does international law allow states to use military force against armed non-state actors on the territory of another state?
Authors: Temirbekov Zh.
Published: May 2024

The relevance of the article is due to the importance of understanding the legal boundaries of state actions in the context of the growth of transnational terrorism, insurgent movements and asymmetric wars. Recent conflicts and military interventions highlight the urgent need to clarify international law regarding the acceptable use of force against armed non-state actors located in the territory of another state. Finding the delicate balance between respecting state sovereignty and ensuring the right to self-defence poses a significant challenge. The subject of the research is primarily the contemporary attribution concepts that may be used during the justification of the use of military force by states against armed non-state actors on the territory of another sovereign state. The purpose of the research is to critically examine legal aspects and state practice relating to the aforementioned concepts. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that by bringing together legal developments, state practice and some issues in using force sphere, the article offers new insights into the complex interralation between state sovereignty and the right to self-defence. Brief conclusions: 1) According to some states and experts, using military force against armed non-state actors on the territory of another state violates the sovereignty of that state, whereas others claim that it may be justified under the right of self-defence. In this regard, state practices have been inconsistent. 2) Nowadays, the «effective control» test is the only legally justified approach that triggers the right to self-defence against armed non-state actors on foreign soil. 3) There is no well-established state practice and opinio juris relating to other examinded attribution tests or the «Unable or Unwilling» doctrine.
Мораль и природа права. Глава 8. Концептуальная возможность моральных критериев юридической действительности.
Authors: Химма К.Э.
Published: May 2024

В рубрике «Переводы работ выдающихся ученых» публикуется перевод восьмой главы книги профессора Кеннета Химмы «Мораль и природа права». Кеннет Эйнар Химма – американский ученый-юрист, известный специалист в области аналитической философии права, этики и политической философии. На протяжении многих лет приглашенный профессор ряда университетов США, Европы и Латинской Америки. Автор книг и коллективных монографий, в том числе Unpacking Normativity – Conceptual, Normative and Descriptive Issues (with Miodrag A. Jovanović and Bojan Spaić, 2018), Law as an Artifact (with Luka Burazin and Corrado Roversi, 2018), Morality and the Nature of Law (2019), Coercion and the Nature of Law (2020), The Artifactual Nature of Law (with Luka Burazin, Corrado Roversi, Paweł Banaś, 2022). Ключевые слова: философия права; правовая действительность; правовые понятия; правовые институты; государство; общество. Эта глава посвящена взаимодействию понятий права и морали, как они определяются нашей обычной лингвистической и юридической практикой. Относительно критериев юридической действительности есть только три возможности такого взаимодействия: дескриптивные антипозитивистские утверждения о том, что к критериям действительности должны относиться моральные ограничения содержания права; утверждения инклюзивного позитивизма о том, что к критериям действительности могут относиться моральные ограничения содержания действительного права; утверждения эксклюзивного позитивизма о том, что к критериям действительности не могут относиться моральные ограничения содержания действительного права. Эти три позиции исчерпывают логическое пространство концептуальных утверждений о том, относятся ли к критериям действительности моральные нормы: к критериям действительности должны, могут или не могут относиться моральные ограничения содержания права. В этой главе защита тезиса о включенности, предпринятая в двух последних главах, завершается положительным обоснованием утверждения, что к критериям действительности могут относиться моральные ограничения содержания права. Аргументация опирается на модель институциональной нормативной системы, которая наделяет юридической силой все и только императивные моральные нормы в возможном мире, который похож на наш во всех причинных отношениях, и показывает, что система удовлетворяет всем правдоподобно мыслимым концептуально необходимым условиям существования правовой системы.
NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL UPACARA SEDEKAH BUMI DESA KARANGLO SEBAGAI SARANA PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH LOKAL
Authors: Farhan Muhammad , Abdil Aziz Muhammad Faris , Fajriyah Izzatul
Published: May 2024

Sedekah bumi desa merupakan salah satu tradisi masyarakat desa yang biasanya diadakan untuk melakukan syukuran atas hasil panen. Di Desa Karanglo, Kecamatan Mojowarno Jombang tradisi sedekah bumi dilakuakan setiap tahun pada bulan muharram. Hal ini merupakan salah satu kebiasaan turun temurun yang masih dilakukan oleh masyarakat hingga saat ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari nilai-nilai kearifan sejarah lokal yang terkandung dalam upacara sedekah bumi di Jombang serta peran upacara tersebut sebagai sarana untuk mengajarkan orang tentang sejarah lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi dan analisis fakta terhadap nilai nilai kearifan local sedekah bumi dengan orang-orang di masyarakat Jombang dan pelaku upacara sedekah bumi. Studi menunjukkan bahwa upacara sedekah bumi di Jombang memiliki nilai-nilai kearifan sejarah lokal, seperti menghormati leluhur, menjaga hubungan dengan alam, dan mempertahankan tradisi lokal. Upacara ini juga berfungsi sebagai cara untuk mengajarkan generasi muda tentang sejarah dan budaya Jombang.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Model Problem Based Learning Pada PPKn SDN Sambirejo 02
Authors: Rafi Hilmy , Suyoto Suyoto , Sumarno Sumarno , Rumiarci Endang
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan penggunaan model problem based learning dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar PPKn di SDN Sambirejo 02, serta mengetahui apakah terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar dengan penerapan model problem based learning. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). PTK dilaksanakan sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang muncul di dalam kelas. Metode ini dilakukan empat tahap,yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar. Pada siklus 1 rata rata nilai peserta didik memperoleh 69,8 kemudian pada siklus kedua meningkat menjadi 75. Berdasarkan hasil pada siklus 1 ke siklus II  terjadi peningkatan nilai sebesar 6,2%. Pada siklus 1 peserta didik yang mencapai KKM atau tuntas sebanyak 10 anak dengan nilai presentase ketuntasan mencapai 60% sedangkan yang belum tuntas sebanyak 5 anak  dengan presentase 40%. Pada siklus kedua peserta didik yang mencapai ketuntasan 12 anak dengan nilai presentase 80% sedangkan yang belum tuntas sebanyak 3 anak dengan  presentase 20%. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada siklus II telah melebihi kriteria ketuntasan belajar
Hubungan Kemampuan Literasi Matematika Dengan Gender di Kelas VIII
Authors: Nuriyatin Siti , Agustina Eka Nurmala Sari
Published: May 2024

Kemampuan numerasi merupakan kecakapan penting yang harus dimiliki siswa. Penelitian ini mendekripsikan perbedaan kemampuan numerasi anatara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan, serta hubungan kemampuan numerasi dengan gender. Subyek penelitian adalah 112 siswa kelas VIII. Pengukuran kemampuan numerasi menggunakan instrumen tes berbentuk pilihan ganda. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan Uji Mann Withney dan korelasi Pearson. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan numerasi siswa laiki-laki dan siswa perempuan. Uji Korelasi memperolah nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,050 sehingga terdapat hubungan secara signifikan antara kemampuan numerasi dan gender. Nilai korelasi menunjukkan tingkat hubungannya rendah.
METODE SEMIOTIC VYGOTSKIAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Sukriyah Dewi
Published: May 2024

embelajaran matematika merupakan salah satu fenomena sosial yang terjadi dikelas, sehingga interaksi yang terjadi antara guru dan siswa dijadikan fokus utama dalam penelitian matematika. Metode Semiotik Vygotskian membagi kelas menjadi kelompok-kelompok kecil dalam proses pembelajaran. Guru sebagai public figure dikelas yang menjadi contoh, penengah diskusi dalam proses pembelajaran. Kajian fenomena di analisis berdasarkan video pembelajaran yang di hasilkan. Kajian dilakukan secara interpretative berdasarkan dua metode yang dikembangkan yakni node semiotic  dan bundel semiotic. Node semiotic dengan alat sinkronis untuk fokus pada cara siswa memberikan makna tindakan siswa dalam memahami hubungan dan struktur matematis. Bundel semiotic dengan alat diakronis untuk tanda-tanda atau momen kunci dari proses objektifikasi siswa dalam kegiatan generalisasi pola.
Mathematics Content Knowledge Guru Sekolah Menengah: Konteks Peluang dan Kombinasi
Authors: Widadah Soffil , Aunillah
Published: May 2024

Abstrak:
Guru sekolah menengah perlu memiliki Mathematics Content Knowledge yang kuat materi peluang dan kombinasi untuk mengajar dengan efektif dan membantu siswa memahami konsepnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan korelasi antara Mathematics Content Knowledge guru senior dengan guru junior sekolah menengah. Subjek penelitian dalam penellitian ini adalah 17 guru sekolah menengah yang terdiri dari guru senior dan guru junior. Hasil penelitian dianalsis menggunakan Pearson Correlation untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan MCK dengan masa kerja guru. Selanjutnya diambil dua subjek (satu guru senior dan satu guru junior) untuk diwawancarai dan dideskripsikan kemampuan menyelesaikan soal peluang dan kombinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi antara MCK dengan senioritas guru. Pada konteks peluang yaitu r , sedangkan pada konteks kombinasi r . Berdasarkan hasil tes dan wawancara diperoleh bahwa guru senior melakukan algoritma lebih runtun dan lengkap daripada guru junior. Hal ini bisa disebabkan oleh kesiapan guru senior dalam menyelesaikan soal yang diberikan. Peneliti berharap ada penelitian lanjutan dengan subjek yang lebih banyak dan materi yang lebih variatif.
a DEFENSE MECHANISM IN MEENA KANDASAMY’S WHEN I HIT YOU
Authors: Fanani Abu Fanani , Khairunissya Turachma Aurelly Nurananda Suhandoko  , Syaikhu Ahmad , Rohim Fathur , Amiq
Published: May 2024

This study aims to explain defense mechanism of Meena, the main character in When I Hit You novel. Using defense mechanism as the method, the research elaborates the main character’s words as well as behavior to conduct her defense mechanism. The writer then finds that Meena as the main character in the novel experiences five types of defense mechanism: sublimation, reaction formation, isolation, idealization and fantasy.
Key words: sublimation, reaction formation, isolation, idealization, fantasy.
How Love is Represented on Your Lie in April
Authors: Arbi Anggun Purnomo
Published: May 2024

A fundamental human right is the ability to love and be loved. This study aims to describe how types and characteristics of love are represented in the Japanese live-action movie Your Lie in April (2016). This study is a type of descriptive qualitative study because it attempted to describe the study results. The researcher used content analysis, a data analysis theory developed by (Ary et al., 2010), in order to analyze the data. Based on the research results, there are some characteristics of love depicted in Your Lie in April (2016), namely: trust, healing, growth, acceptance, companionship, teamwork, and fearlessness. In contrast, the researcher discovered two types of love, known as passionate and compassionate love. A suggestion based on these findings is to encourage and cultivate these beneficial aspects of love in actual relationships, fostering trust, growth, and acceptance, while acknowledging the various types of love that can exist.
The Stages of Grief in The Shack Novel by William Paul Young
Authors: WIjaya Christine Aurellia , Winardi Yohanes Kurniawan , Kurniawan Yulius
Published: May 2024

This study examines the grieving process and how they affect the religiosity in William Paul Young’s fiction book entitled The Shack. This study aims to find the stages of grief and the impacts on religiosity in this novel. The key theories used by the writer are the Stages of Grief and Religiosity Dimension To collect the data, this study uses library studies and interpretive-qualitative method to analyze the data. The data are collected from the utterances and narrations by the main character, Mackenzie Allen Phillips. This study shows that the stages of grief are portrayed through the four of five stages experienced by the main character through utterances, actions, thoughts, and narrations. In addition, grief also affects the main character’s religiosity through his behavior, experience, utterances, actions, and decisions to deal with his past. Through this research, it is expected to give a new reference to the readers about the relationship between grief and religiosity behavior.
PRISÕES INDEVIDAS EM RAZÃO DE ERRO JUDICIÁRIO
Authors: Azevedo Beatriz Costa , Lopes José Augusto Bezerra
Published: May 2024

Análise sobre a responsabilidade estatal nos casos de falha judiciária resultando em detenção injusta, abordando eventos reconhecidos e emblemáticos em que ocorreu a encarceramento injustificado, detalhando a obrigação do Estado de compensar o indivíduo detido indevidamente, correlacionando os direitos violados durante a detenção injusta e o valor a ser pago como compensação, com base em um caso concreto. A abordagem será dedutiva, apresentando e exemplificando fatos relacionados ao tema, com respaldo científico proveniente de pesquisa bibliográfica. Concluímos, por meio desta pesquisa, que o Estado tem o dever de indenizar e apoiar a pessoa detida ilegalmente, abrangendo todos os seus direitos violados desde a privação de liberdade até os danos decorrentes do encarceramento injusto.
OS TÉCNICO-ADMINISTRATIVOS EM EDUCAÇÃO (TAE) E SUA PARTICIPAÇÃO COMO EDUCADORES NA PERSPECTIVA DA FORMAÇÃO INTEGRAL NO ÂMBITO DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Mapa Giselle Freitas , Oliveira Adilson Ribeiro de
Published: May 2024

Este texto versa sobre a importância da atuação dos técnico-administrativos em educação como educadores na perspectiva da omnilateralidade e da formação integral dos estudantes da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) e sobre a falta de visibilidade e compreensão dessa atuação dentro das instituições, trazendo algumas hipóteses sobre os motivos que levaram a tal apagamento. O embasamento teórico parte das bases conceituais que fundamentam a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica em diálogo com grandes pesquisadores da área como Pacheco (2011), Moura (2013), Ciavatta (2005), Frigotto, Ciavatta (2003), Saviani (2017) e de questões levantadas por Monlevade (2009), além de outros trabalhos que discutem as atividades dos trabalhadores não docentes dentro dos espaços escolares, destacando as atividades dos técnico-administrativos em educação nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. O trabalho visa a contribuir para as discussões a respeito da formação integral no âmbito da EPT e da compreensão da participação dos TAE envolvidos nos processos formativos para além da relação professor-aluno.
MULHERES TRANS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE ACERCA DOS ASSASSINATOS DE MULHERES TRANSEXUAIS SOB A ÓTICA DA POSSIBILIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DA LEI MARIA DA PENHA
Authors: Pessoa Carla Luísa Castro , Machado Sofia Malta , Brum André Luiz de Oliveira
Published: May 2024

Esse artigo buscou discutir acerca do conhecimento das possíveis aplicações da Lei Maria da Penha a violência e morte de mulheres transexuais ocorridas no Brasil. Estes sujeitos são expostos à procedência e causa   do princípio da Lei 11.340/2006, com o intuito de sua progressão até a atualidade, junto a uma carga ancestral difícil que perdura até hoje. Ainda na mesma linha, explana-se particularidades da referida lei, trazendo condições relacionadas à sua aplicabilidade e quais são as disposições de tutelas de violência e seus requisitos para   aplicação, bem como os tipos de violências tutelados, busca ainda uma análise filosófica de interpretação da norma para uma melhor compreensão. Elucida-se sobre  a transexualidade e suas correntes de entendimento, trazendo como compete o procedimento estético e também de legalidade quanto ao registro cível. Fazendo uma   breve análise sobre a deficiência de um amparo específico para esse assunto.   Apresenta também as possibilidades da Lei Maria da Penha, expondo jurisprudência com algumas das possibilidades de aplicação e ainda sobre o crescente número de violência a mulheres transexuais ocorridas no Brasil. Logo, coloca-se o posicionamento da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e do âmbito jurídico sobre a temática entre sexo e gênero. Por fim, enseja-se a possível constitucionalidade e posicionamentos sobre a Lei 11.340/2006 a pessoas transexuais.
AMBIENTE ESCOLAR: DESAFIOS E INFLUÊNCIA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO NEUROLÓGICO DE CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA - TEA
Authors: Silva Mércia Denise Araujo da , Araújo Francisco Roberto Diniz
Published: May 2024

Este estudo aborda as complexas interações entre as características do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e o ambiente escolar. Utilizando a metodologia exploratória-descritiva, a pesquisa buscou uma compreensão aprofundada das experiências de crianças com TEA no ambiente educacional, destacando os desafios enfrentados e as estratégias de adaptação adotadas. Os resultados revelaram a sensibilidade sensorial como um desafio significativo no ambiente escolar, com estímulos como luzes brilhantes, ruídos intensos e texturas desconfortáveis, impactando negativamente o bem-estar e o engajamento das crianças. A rigidez comportamental, característica comum no TEA, também se mostra como um desafio na adaptação às demandas estruturais e dinâmicas do ambiente escolar convencional. A discussão destaca a importância de estratégias adaptativas e personalizadas, reconhecendo a necessidade de ambientes sensorialmente adaptados e a personalização de rotinas, bem como práticas pedagógicas inclusivas e eficazes, enfatizando a colaboração entre educadores, profissionais de saúde e familiares. Conclui-se que a compreensão da interação entre o TEA e o ambiente escolar é crucial para promover a inclusão e o desenvolvimento positivo dessas crianças.
A INCIDÊNCIA DA ANSIEDADE E DEPRESSÃO EM COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS ACOMPANHADAS PELO CAPS DE ITAMARAJU-BA: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ASSISTÊNCIA QUALIFICADA DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Oliveira Gabrielle dos Santos , Salomão Ivanilda Rodrigues , Pinto Emanuel Vieira
Published: May 2024

O presente estudo trata-se de uma análise acerca da incidência da ansiedade e depressão em comunidades indígenas acompanhadas pelo Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) de Itamaraju-BA, destacando a importância da assistência qualificada do profissional da enfermagem na promoção e recuperação da saúde mental. Assim, o problema questionado é: como o enfermeiro pode contribuir para uma reabilitação efetiva dos pacientes indígenas ansiosos e depressivos, mesmo com as deficiências e as dificuldades por parte das políticas públicas de saúde mental? Frente a isso, o objetivo geral do estudo busca pesquisar a incidência dos casos de ansiedade e depressão nas comunidades indígenas, enfatizando a importância da assistência qualificada do profissional da enfermagem na reabilitação da saúde mental. Nessa perspectiva, foram elaborados os seguintes objetivos específicos: destacar o papel dos órgãos públicos para proporcionar atendimentos qualificados de saúde mental em comunidades indígenas, identificar os fatores que predispõem quadros de ansiedade e depressão, contextualizar a situação atual dos pacientes ansiosos e depressivos nas comunidades indígenas e apresentar a relevância do profissional da enfermagem no processo de reabilitação dos povos indígenas que se encontram em sofrimento psíquico. O estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter descritivo, direcionada pela abordagem qualiquantitativa, onde foram empregadas técnicas estatísticas para apresentar os resultados obtidos e, a utilização dos bancos de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), SciELO, google acadêmico, artigos científicos e revistas. Através do estudo, concluiu-se que a prevalência dos casos de ansiedade e depressão entre indígenas mostrou-se significativa, com maior predominância em indígenas do sexo feminino.
DOS EFEITOS SUBJETIVOS DO PROCESSO DE EXECUÇÃO DE DÍVIDA CONDOMINIAL E DA POSSIBILIDADE DE SUCESSÃO PROCESSUAL NA VISÃO DO SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA
Authors: Freitas Stella Joana Caldeira Barros de , Stakoviak Júnior Paulo Beli Moura
Published: May 2024

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um panorama extensivo acerca dos efeitos gerados a partir das cobranças condominiais. Sobre o tema, fez-se uma abordagem dos sujeitos responsáveis pelas despesas de condomínio sob a ótica da obrigação propter rem, destacando seus princípios e analisando os efeitos gerados a partir da alienação do imóvel inserido em um Condomínio Edilício. Conquanto, foi apresentado os entendimentos do Superior Tribunal de Justiça para elucidar questões como a responsabilidade solidária das partes de um instrumento de promessa de compra e venda não levado a registro, quando da ocorrência de transferência de titularidade do imóvel. O trabalho ainda realiza uma minuciosa pesquisa sobre a possibilidade de sucessão processual do polo passivo das ações executórias de dívida condominial, estudando os fundamentos que levaram à admissão da alteração do executado na fase de cumprimento de sentença.
Snow depth sensitivity to mean temperature, precipitation, and elevation in the Austrian and Swiss Alps
Authors: Switanek Matthew , Resch Gernot , Gobiet Andreas , Günther Daniel , Marty Christoph , Schöner Wolfgang
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Snow depth is an incredibly important component of the climatic and hydrological cycles. Previous studies have shown predominantly decreasing trends of average seasonal snow depth across the European Alps. Additionally, prior work has shown bivariate statistical relationships between average seasonal snow depth and mean air temperature or precipitation. Building upon existing research, our study uses observational records of in situ station data across Austria and Switzerland to better quantify the sensitivity of historical changes in seasonal snow depth through a multivariate framework that depends on elevation, mean temperature and precipitation. These historical sensitivities, which are obtained over the 1901/02–1970/01 period, are then used to forecast snow depths over the more recent period 1971/72–2020/21. We find that the year-to-year forecasts of snow depths, which are derived from an empirical-statistical model (SnowSens), that rely solely on the historical sensitivities are nearly as skillful as the operational physically based SNOWGRID-CL model used by the weather service at GeoSphere Austria. Furthermore, observed long-term changes over the last 50 years are in better agreement with SnowSens than with SNOWGRID-CL. These results indicate that historical sensitivities between snow depth with temperature and precipitation are quite robust over decadal-length scales of time, and they can be used to effectively translate expected long-term changes in temperature and precipitation to changes in seasonal snow depth.
Using Open-Path Dual-Comb Spectroscopy to Monitor Methane Emissions from Simulated Grazing Cattle
Authors: Weerasekara Chinthaka , Morris Lindsay , Malarich Nathan , Giorgetta Fabrizio , Herman Daniel , Cossel Kevin , Newbury Nathan , Owensby Clenton , Welch Stephen , Blaga Cosmin , DePaola Brett , Coddington Ian , Santos Eduardo , Washburn Brian
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Accurate whole-farm or herd-level measurements of livestock methane emissions are necessary for anthropogenic greenhouse gas inventories and to evaluate mitigation strategies. A controlled methane (CH4) release experiment was performed to determine if dual comb spectroscopy (DCS) can detect CH4 concentration enhancements produced by a typical herd of beef cattle in an extensive grazing system. Open-path DCS was used to measure downwind and upwind CH4 concentrations from ten point-sources of methane simulating cattle emissions. The CH4 mixing ratio along with wind velocity data were used to calculate CH4 flux using an inverse dispersion model, and the simulated fluxes were then compared to the actual CH4 release rate. For a source located 60 m from the downwind path, the DCS system detected 10 nmol mol-1 CH4 horizontal concentration gradient above the atmospheric background concentration with a precision of 6 nmol mol-1 in 15-min interval. A CH4 release of 3970 g day-1 was performed resulting in an average concentration enhancement of 24 nmol mol-1 of CH4. The calculated CH4 flux was (4002±1498) g day‑1 in agreement with the actual release rate. Periodically altering the downwind path, which may be needed to track moving cattle, did not adversely affect the ability to determine the CH4 flux. The measurement was only limited by maintaining sufficient reflected power from the remote retroreflectors over the open path to achieve a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. These results give us confidence that CH4 flux can be determined by grazing cattle with low disturbance and direct field-scale measurements.
Formation and temperature dependence of Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Δ3-carene ozonolysis
Authors: Luo Yuanyuan , Thomsen Ditte , Iversen Emil Mark , Roldin Pontus , Skønager Jane Tygesen , Li Linjie , Priestley Michael , Pedersen Henrik B. , Hallquist Mattias , Bilde Merete , Glasius Marianne , Ehn Mikael
Published: May 2024

Abstract. ∆3-carene is a prominent monoterpene in the atmosphere, contributing significantly to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. However, knowledge about ∆3-carene oxidation pathways, particularly regarding its ability to form highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM), is still limited. In this study, we present HOM measurements during ∆3-carene ozonolysis under various conditions in two simulation chambers. We identified numerous HOM (monomers: C7-10H10-18O6-14, dimers: C17-20H24-34O6-18) using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). ∆3-carene ozonolysis yielded higher HOM concentrations than α-pinene, with a distinct distribution, indicating differences in formation pathways. All HOM signals decreased considerably at lower temperatures, reducing the estimated molar HOM yield from ~3 % at 20 °C to ~0.5 % at 0 °C. Interestingly, temperature change altered the HOM distribution, increasing the observed dimer-to-monomer ratios from roughly 0.8 at 20 °C to 1.5 at 0 °C. HOM monomers with 6 or 7 O-atoms condensed more efficiently onto particles at colder temperatures, while monomers with nine or more O-atoms and all dimers condensed irreversibly even at 20 °C. Using the gas- and particle-phase chemistry kinetic multilayer model ADCHAM, we were also able to reproduce the experimentally observed HOM composition, yields and temperature dependence.
Diatom diversity and distribution in neotropical karst lakes under anthropogenic stress
Authors: Caballero Margarita , Vazquez Gabriela , Alcocer Javier , Mora Palomino Lucy Natividad
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Lake degradation is an important environmental problem worldwide, particularly in the neotropics where rapid population growth is leading to increasing human impact. However, baseline studies in neotropical lakes are still missing. This study focussed on hydrochemistry, trophic status and in-depth analysis of diatom diversity and ecological distribution in neotropical karst lakes, presenting a high-resolution paleolimnological reconstruction of changing hydrochemical and trophic characteristics in since the late 1950s. We studied sixteen freshwater lakes dominated by bicarbonates, calcium, and magnesium of which four had higher salinity (300–500 mg L-1), sulphate proportions, turbidity and eutrophic conditions. These lakes are considered impacted ecosystem that receive soil-derived sediment, organic matter, urban and agricultural effluents through river inflow. The βw diversity was low (2.6), driven mostly by the hydrochemical and trophic status differences between the four impacted lakes and the rest. Two taxa were characteristic of higher salinity, eutrophic lakes (Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima and Stephanocyclus meneghinianus) and eight were preferentially present in the low-salinity oligo-mesotrophic lakes. Three of the diatom taxa (Discostella stelligera, A. granulata var. angustissima S. meneghinianus) are cosmopolitan species also present in non-karstic lakes in central Mexico with comparable salinity distributions. Contrastingly, four have restricted neotropical karst distributions (Cyclotella petenensis, Discostella sp, Mastogloia calcarea and Planothidium sp.), in danger of local extirpation as hydrochemical changes and eutrophication increase. C. petenensis described from the Peten Itza record, was present with high abundances in oligo-mesotrophic lakes of low salinity. Paleolimnological analysis allowed to identify that increasing erosion was associated with the first appearance and gradual increase of the diatom taxa characteristic of the impacted lakes since the 1980s, until reaching a critical transition in 2006, demonstrating that currently impacted lakes previously had lower salinity and trophic conditions, comparable with the currently non-impacted lakes.
Retrieving Ground-Level PM2.5 Concentrations in China (2013–2021) with a Numerical Model-Informed Testbed to Mitigate Sample Imbalance-Induced Biases
Authors: Li Siwei , Ding Yu , Xing Jia , Fu Joshua S.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Ground-level PM2.5 data derived from satellites with machine learning are crucial for health and climate assessments, however, uncertainties persist due to the absence of spatially covered observations. To address this, we propose a novel testbed using untraditional numerical simulations to evaluate PM2.5 estimation across the entire spatial domain. The testbed emulates the general machine-learning approach, by training the model with grids corresponding to ground monitor sites and subsequently testing its predictive accuracy for other locations. Our approach enables comprehensive evaluation of various machine-learning methods’ performance in estimating PM2.5 across the spatial domain for the first time. Unexpected results are shown in the application in China, with larger PM2.5 biases found in densely populated regions with abundant ground observations across all benchmark models, challenging conventional expectations and are not explored in the recent literature. The imbalance in training samples, mostly from urban areas with high emissions, is the main reason, leading to significant overestimation due to the lack of monitors in downwind areas where PM2.5 is transported from urban areas with varying vertical profiles. Our proposed testbed also provides an efficient strategy for optimizing model structure or training samples to enhance satellite-retrieval model performance. Integration of spatiotemporal features, especially with CNN-based deep-learning approaches like the ResNet model, successfully mitigates PM2.5 overestimation (by 5–30 µg m-3) and corresponding exposure (by 3 million people • µg m-3) in the downwind area over the past nine years (2013–2021) compared to the traditional approach. Furthermore, the incorporation of 600 strategically positioned ground-measurement sites identified through the testbed is essential to achieve a more balanced distribution of training samples, thereby ensuring precise PM2.5 estimation and facilitating the assessment of associated impacts in China. In addition to presenting the retrieved surface PM2.5 concentrations in China from 2013 to 2021, this study provides a testbed dataset derived from physical modeling simulations which can serve to evaluate the performance of data-driven methodologies, such as machine learning, in estimating spatial PM2.5 concentrations for the community.
Water vapor Raman-lidar observations from multiple sites in the framework of WaLiNeAs
Authors: Laly Frédéric , Chazette Patrick , Totems Julien , Lagarrigue Jérémy , Forges Laurent , Flamant Cyrille
Published: May 2024

Abstract. During the Water Vapor Lidar Network Assimilation (WaLiNeAs) campaign, 8 lidars specifically designed to measure water vapor mixing ratio (WVMR) profiles were deployed on the western Mediterranean coast. The main objectives were to investigate the water vapor content during case studies of heavy precipitation events in the coastal Western Mediterranean and assess the impact of high spatio-temporal WVMR data on numerical weather prediction forecasts by means of state–of–the–art assimilation techniques. Given the increasing occurrence of extreme events due to climate change, WaLiNeAs is the first program in Europe to provide network–like, simultaneous and continuous water vapor profile measurements. This paper focuses on the WVMR profiling datasets obtained from three of the lidars managed by the French component of the WaLiNeAs team. These lidars were deployed in the towns of Coursan, Grau du Roi and Cannes. This measurement setup enabled monitoring of the water vapor content within the low troposphere along a period of three months over autumn – winter 2022 and four months in summer 2023. The lidars measured the WVMR profiles from the surface up to approximately 6–10 km at night, and 1–2 km during daytime; with a vertical resolution of 100 m and a time sampling between 15 – 30 min, selected to meet the needs of weather forecasting with an uncertainty lower than 0.4 g kg-1. The paper presents details about the instruments, the experimental strategy, as well as the datasets given in NETcdf format. The final dataset is divided in two datasets, the first with a time resolution of 15 min, which contains a total of 26 423 WVMR vertical profiles and the second with a time resolution of 30 min to improve the signal to noise ratio and signal altitude range.
Three-dimensional variational assimilation with a multivariate background error covariance for the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere with the Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration (JEDI-MPAS 2.0.0-beta)
Authors: Jung Byoung-Joo , Ménétrier Benjamin , Snyder Chris , Liu Zhiquan , Guerrette Jonathan J. , Ban Junmei , Baños Ivette Hernández , Yu Yonggang G. , Skamarock William C.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This paper describes the three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) data assimilation (DA) system for the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere with the Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration (JEDI-MPAS). Its core element is a multivariate background error covariance implemented through multiple linear variable changes, including a wind variable change from stream function and velocity potential to zonal- and meridional-wind components, a vertical linear regression representing wind–mass balance, and multiplication by a diagonal matrix of error standard deviations. The univariate spatial correlations for the “unbalanced” variables utilize the Background error on Unstructured Mesh Package (BUMP), which is one of the generic components in the JEDI framework. The variable changes and univariate correlations are modeled directly on the native MPAS unstructured mesh. BUMP provides utilities to diagnose parameters of the covariance model, such as correlation lengths, from an ensemble of forecast differences, though some manual adjustment of the parameters is necessary because of mismatches between the univariate correlation function assumed by BUMP and the correlation structure in the sample of forecast differences. The resulting multivariate covariances, as revealed by single-observation tests, are qualitatively similar to those found in previous global 3D-Var systems. Month-long cycling DA experiments using a global quasi-uniform 60 km mesh demonstrate that 3D-Var, as expected, performs somewhat worse than a pure ensemble-based covariance, while a hybrid covariance, which combines that used in 3D-Var with the ensemble covariance, significantly outperforms both 3D-Var and the pure ensemble covariance. Due to its simple workflow and minimal computational requirements, the JEDI-MPAS 3D-Var system can be useful for the research community.
NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0: A Novel Hybrid Nonlinear Data Assimilation System for Improved Simulation of PM2.5 Chemical Components
Authors: Li Hongyi , Yang Ting , Nerger Lars , Zhang Dawei , Zhang Di , Tang Guigang , Wang Haibo , Sun Yele , Fu Pingqing , Su Hang , Wang Zifa
Published: May 2024

Abstract. PM2.5, a complex mixture with diverse chemical components, exerts significant impacts on the environment, human health, and climate change. However, precisely describing spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5 chemical components remains a difficulty. In our earlier work, we developed an aerosol extinction coefficient data assimilation (DA) system (NAQPMS-PDAF v1.0) that is suboptimal for chemical components. This paper introduces a novel hybrid nonlinear chemical DA system (NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0) to accurately interpret key chemical components (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, OC, and EC). NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 improves upon v1.0 by effectively handing and balancing stability and nonlinearity in chemical DA, which is achieved by incorporating the non-Gaussian-distribution ensemble perturbation and hybrid Localized Kalman-Nonlinear Ensemble Transform Filter with an adaptive forgetting factor for the first time. The dependence tests demonstrate that NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 provides excellent DA results with a minimal ensemble size of 10, surpassing previous reports and v1.0. A one-month DA experiment shows that the analysis field generated by NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 is in good agreement with observations, especially reducing the underestimation of NH4+ and NO3- and the overestimation of SO42-, OC, and EC. In particular, the CORR values for NO3-, OC, and EC are above 0.96, and R2 values are above 0.93. NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 also demonstrates superior spatiotemporal interpretation, with most DA sites showing improvements of over 50 %–200 % in CORR and over 50 %–90 % in RMSE for the five chemical components. Compared to the poor performance in global reanalysis dataset (CORR: 0.42–0.55, RMSE: 4.51–12.27 µg/m3) and NAQPMS-PDAF v1.0 (CORR: 0.35–0.98, RMSE: 2.46–15.50 µg/m3), NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 has the highest CORR of 0.86–0.99 and the lowest RMSE of 0.14–3.18 µg/m3. The uncertainties in ensemble DA are also examined, further highlighting the potential of NAQPMS-PDAF v2.0 for advancing aerosol chemical component studies.
Evaluation of global fire simulations in CMIP6 Earth system models
Authors: Li Fang , Song Xiang , Harrison Sandy P. , Marlon Jennifer R. , Lin Zhongda , Leung L. Ruby , Schwinger Jörg , Marécal Virginie , Wang Shiyu , Ward Daniel S. , Dong Xiao , Lee Hanna , Nieradzik Lars , Rabin Sam S. , Séférian Roland
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Fire is the primary form of terrestrial ecosystem disturbance on a global scale and an important Earth system process. Most Earth system models (ESMs) have incorporated fire modeling, with 19 out of them submitting model outputs of fire-related variables to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of CMIP6 historical fire simulations by comparing them with multiple satellite-based products and charcoal-based historical reconstructions. Our results show that most CMIP6 models simulate the present-day global burned area and fire carbon emissions within the range of satellite-based products. They also capture the major features of observed spatial patterns and seasonal cycles, the relationship of fires with precipitation and population density, and the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the interannual variability of tropical fires. Regional fire carbon emissions simulated by the CMIP6 models from 1850 to 2010 generally align with the charcoal-based reconstructions, although there are regional mismatches, such as in southern South America and eastern temperate North America prior to the 1910s and in temperate North America, eastern boreal North America, Europe, and boreal Asia since the 1980s. The CMIP6 simulations have addressed three critical issues identified in the CMIP5: (1) the simulated global burned area less than half of the observations, (2) the failure to reproduce the high burned area fraction observed in Africa, and (3) the weak fire seasonal variability. Furthermore, the CMIP6 models exhibit improved accuracy in capturing the observed relationship between fires and both climatic and socioeconomic drivers, and better align with the historical long-term trends indicated by charcoal-based reconstructions in most regions worldwide. However, the CMIP6 models still fail to reproduce the decline in global burned area and fire carbon emissions observed over the past two decades, mainly attributed to an underestimation of anthropogenic fire suppression, and the spring peak in fires in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, mainly due to an underestimation of crop fires. In addition, the model underestimates the fire sensitivity to wet-dry conditions, indicating the need to improve fuel wetness estimation. Based on these findings, we present specific guidance for fire scheme development and suggest the post-processing methodology for using CMIP6 multi-model outputs to generate reliable fire projection products.
The response of ostracod faunal assemblages to hydrology, lake level, and carbon cycling in a Jamaican marl lake: a palaeolimnological investigation
Authors: Greenway Hannah , Holmes Jonathan , Burn Michael
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Ostracod taxa from shallow freshwater lakes are sensitive to a range of limnological factors including temperature, hydrological habitat, lake level, and the distribution of aquatic plants. Ostracod assemblages preserved in Quaternary lake sediments can be used to reconstruct limnological change and are therefore potentially valuable palaeoenvironmental proxies. However, lack of autecological information about some taxa may limit the validity of such reconstructions. We use fossil ostracod assemblages recovered from radiocarbon-dated late Holocene sediments from Wallywash Great Pond, a small, shallow freshwater lake in southwestern Jamaica, to reconstruct limnological change over the past ∼ 1800 years. We circumvent ongoing taxonomic and ecological uncertainties associated with the identification of fossil ostracod taxa by drawing on observations of the ecology of ostracods found living in Jamaican water bodies. By combining this information with limnological data from the extant lake, and with sedimentological and isotopic data from the lake sediments, we show that a published interpretation of ostracod assemblages for the late Quaternary of Wallywash Great Pond is simplistic, at least for the late Holocene section of the sediment record. We conclude that changes in ostracod assemblages are linked to variations in the input of undersaturated groundwater to the northern part of the lake from which the core was recovered. These variations, which were driven by changes in the precipitation / evaporation ratio (effective moisture), also controlled sedimentation, with reduced effective moisture and a decline in undersaturated groundwater input favouring marl precipitation, whereas organic sediments are linked to increased effective moisture and enhanced groundwater input. Our findings suggest that the dramatic shifts in ostracod assemblages at this site are a complex response to changes in hydrology, sedimentology, and carbonate saturation rather than being a simple indicator of lake-level change. Combining ostracod assemblage data with the results of other palaeolimnological analyses also allows more detailed reconstructions to be made for this lake, and such a multiproxy approach is recommended for similar lakes elsewhere.
Analysis of three-dimensional slope stability combined with rainfall and earthquake
Authors: Wang Jiao , Wang Zhangxing , Sun Guanhua , Luo Hongming
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In the current context of global climate change, geohazards such as earthquakes and extreme rainfall pose a serious threat to regional stability. We investigate a three-dimensional (3D) slope dynamic model under earthquake action, derive the calculation of seepage force and the normal stress expression of slip surface under seepage and earthquake, and propose a rigorous overall analysis method to solve the safety factor of slopes subjected to combined with rainfall and earthquake. The accuracy and reliability of the method is verified by two classical examples. Finally, the effects of soil permeability coefficient, porosity, and saturation on slope stability under rainfall in a project located in the Three Gorges Reservoir area are analyzed. The safety evolution of the slope combined with both rainfall and earthquake is also studied. The results indicate that porosity has a greater impact on the safety factor under rainfall conditions, while the influence of permeability coefficient and saturation is relatively small. With the increase of horizontal seismic coefficient, the safety factor of the slope decreases significantly. The influence of earthquake on slope stability is significantly greater than that of rainfall. The corresponding safety factor when the vertical seismic action is vertically downward is smaller than that when it is vertically upward. When considering both horizontal and vertical seismic effects, slope stability is lower.