bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating a quadruple aim model for nursing education
Authors: Krumwiede Kelly A. , Eardley Debra L. , DeBlieck Conni J. , Martin Karen S.
Published: January 2023

Baccalaureate nursing education is moving to adopt the new American Association of Colleges of Nursing Essentials for Professional Nursing Education. As identified in two of the six domains of the essentials, graduates need to be prepared to address population health and utilize informatics and healthcare technologies. Community/public health nursing also has eight domains for generalist nurses linked to population health which will help prepare a skilled nursing workforce for the 21st century. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Triple Aim which evolved into the Quadruple Aim is focused on improving health outcomes within healthcare delivery. Through a literature review, a need for a Quadruple Aim model for nursing education was identified. Mirroring the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Triple Aim for healthcare delivery, a Quadruple Aim for Nursing Education Model was developed. The model dimensions include (1) Population‐focused Care, (2) Maximize Student Learning Experience, (3) Cost‐effective Pedagogy, and (4) Nurse Educator Well‐being. The Quadruple Aim for Nursing Education Model supports nursing education to prepare future nurses effectively and efficiently bridging population health concepts and issues with nursing informatics. Nurse educators are encouraged to utilize the model to transform nursing education.
Combined effect of elevated temperature and drought stress on carbohydrate metabolism of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) subtending leaves
Authors: Hu Wei , Gao Min , Du Kang , Liu Yang , Xu Bingjie , Wang Youhua , Zhou Zhiguo , Zhao Wenqing
Published: January 2023

High temperatures and drought are expected to become more frequent in the future and last longer than ever before. To investigate their combined effect on leaves subtending cotton boll (LSCB), an experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018 using a nonheat‐tolerant cotton cultivar and a heat‐tolerant cultivar. Two temperature regimes with ambient temperature (AT, 31.0/26.4°C) and elevated temperature (ET, 33.4/28.9°C, 2.5°C higher than AT) and three drought treatments with a soil relative water content (SRWC) of 75 ± 5%, 60 ± 5%, and 45 ± 5% were established repeatedly. ET decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), initial rubisco activity (4.1.1.39, RuBP) and cytosolicfructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (cy‐FBPase; 3.1.3.11) activity, upregulated GhSuSyA, and GhSuSyD expressions, and increased SuSy (2.4.1.13) activity, which led to the decline of the final starch and sucrose contents. Moreover, RuBP, Pn, and starch content all decreased with drop in SRWC levels, but the cy‐FBPase and SPS (2.4.1.14) activity increased, which in turn increased sucrose content. Under combined stresses, when the changing trends of ET and drought effects were the same, the decrease of Pn, RuBP, and starch content was greater than under single stress exposure. However, when the changing trends of ET and drought effects were adverse, the combined effects on indicators such as cy‐FBPase, SuSy, sucrose content were mostly similar to drought stress. These results indicate that the effect of drought on carbohydrate metabolism in LSCB is more prominent than ET. Thus, the drought effect for carbohydrate metabolism in LSCB may need more attention than ET under combined heat and drought stress.
Productivity premium of multinationals in global ownership linkages: A comparison of second‐tier subsidiaries
Authors: Tomiura Eiichi , Kumanomido Hiroshi
Published: January 2023

High productivity of foreign direct investment (FDI) firms is a stylized fact. However, in the real world, there are subsidiaries owned by foreign parents but establishing their own foreign subsidiaries. Based on global ownership linkage data, we compare productivity levels of subsidiaries owned by parents in G‐7 countries but located worldwide. The FDI productivity premium is on average significantly small if investing firms are owned by foreign parents. Among firms with subsidiaries, the foreign ownership tends to reduce the FDI premium more when firms depend more on intangibles. This suggests that knowledge transfers within multinationals facilitate subsidiaries to make their own FDI.
Meeting Preferences for Specific Contraceptive Methods: An Overdue Indicator
Authors: Burke Kristen Lagasse , Potter Joseph E.
Published: January 2023

Fertility surveys have rarely asked people who are using contraception about the contraceptive method they would like to be using, implicitly assuming that those who are contracepting are using the method they want. In this commentary, we review evidence from a small but growing body of work that oftentimes indicates this assumption is untrue. Discordant contraceptive preferences and use are relatively common, and unsatisfied preferences are associated with higher rates of method discontinuation and subsequent pregnancy. We argue that there is opportunity to center autonomy and illuminate the need for and quality of services by building on this research and investing in the development of survey items that assess which method people would like to use, as well as their reasons for nonpreferred use. The widespread adoption of questions regarding method preferences could bring indicators of reproductive health services into closer alignment with the needs of the people they serve.
Predictive modeling of lower extremity injury risk in male elite youth soccer players using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression
Authors: Kolodziej Mathias , Groll Andreas , Nolte Kevin , Willwacher Steffen , Alt Tobias , Schmidt Marcus , Jaitner Thomas
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To (1) identify neuromuscular and biomechanical injury risk factors in elite youth soccer players and (2) assess the predictive ability of a machine learning approach.

Material and Methods

Fifty‐six elite male youth soccer players (age: 17.2 ± 1.1 years; height: 179 ± 8 cm; mass: 70.4 ± 9.2 kg) performed a 3D motion analysis, postural control testing, and strength testing. Non‐contact lower extremities injuries were documented throughout 10 months. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to identify the most important injury predictors. Predictive performance of the LASSO model was determined in a leave‐one‐out (LOO) prediction competition.

Results

Twenty‐three non‐contact injuries were registered. The LASSO model identified concentric knee extensor peak torque, hip transversal plane moment in the single‐leg drop landing task and center of pressure sway in the single‐leg stance test as the three most important predictors for injury in that order. The LASSO model was able to predict injury outcomes with a likelihood of 58% and an area under the ROC curve of 0.63 (sensitivity = 35%; specificity = 79%).

Conclusion

The three most important variables for predicting the injury outcome suggest the importance of neuromuscular and biomechanical performance measures in elite youth soccer. These preliminary results may have practical implications for future directions in injury risk screening and planning, as well as for the development of customized training programs to counteract intrinsic injury risk factors. However, the poor predictive performance of the final model confirms the challenge of predicting sports injuries, and the model must therefore be evaluated in larger samples.
Raffinose positively regulates maize drought tolerance by reducing leaf transpiration
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Tao , Zhang Chunxia , Zhang Wenli , Deng Nan , Dirk Lynnette M. A. , Downie A. Bruce , Zhao Tianyong
Published: January 2023

Drought stress is one of the major constraints of global crop production. Raffinose, a non‐reducing trisaccharide, has been considered to regulate positively the plant drought stress tolerance; however, evidence that augmenting raffinose production in leaves results in enhanced plant drought stress tolerance is lacking. The biochemical mechanism through which raffinose might act to mitigate plant drought stress remains unidentified. ZmRAFS encodes Zea mays RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE, a key enzyme that transfers galactose from the galactoside galactinol to sucrose for raffinose production. Overexpression of ZmRAFS in maize increased the RAFS protein and the raffinose content and decreased the water loss of leaves and enhanced plant drought stress tolerance. The biomass of the ZmRAFS overexpressing plants was similar to that of non‐transgenic control plants when grown under optimal conditions, but was significantly greater than that of non‐transgenic plants when grown under drought stress conditions. In contrast, the percentage of water loss of the detached leaves from two independent zmrafs mutant lines, incapable of synthesizing raffinose, was greater than that from null segregant controls and this phenomenon was partially rescued by supplementation of raffinose to detached zmrafs leaves. In addition, while there were differences in water loss among different maize lines, there was no difference in stomata density or aperture. Taken together, our work demonstrated that overexpression of the ZmRAFS gene in maize, in contrast to Arabidopsis, increased the raffinose content in leaves, assisted the leaf to retain water, and enhanced the plant drought stress tolerance without causing a detectable growth penalty.
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 is a potent regulator of the endosomal‐lysosomal system in the ARPE‐19 retinal pigment epithelial cell line
Authors: Koller Andreas , Brunner Susanne Maria , Preishuber‐Pflügl Julia , Runge Christian , Ladek Anja‐Maria , Reitsamer Herbert Anton , Trost Andrea
Published: January 2023

The endosomal‐lysosomal system is central for cell homeostasis and comprises the functions and dynamics of particular organelles including endosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes. In previous studies, we found that the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) regulates autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE‐19 under basal cellular conditions. However, the underlying mechanism by which CysLTR1 regulates autophagy is unknown. Thus, in the present study, the effects of CysLTR1 inhibition on the endosomal‐lysosomal system are analyzed in detail to identify the role of CysLTR1 in cell homeostasis and autophagy regulation. CysLTR1 inhibition in ARPE‐19 cells by Zafirlukast, a CysLTR1 antagonist, depleted the lysosomal pool. Furthermore, CysLTR1 antagonization reduced endocytic capacity and internalization of epidermal growth factor and decreased levels of the transferrin receptor, CD71. Serum starvation abolished the effect of Zafirlukast on the autophagic flux, which identifies the endocytic regulation of serum components by CysLTR1 as an important autophagy‐modulating mechanism. The role of CysLTR1 in inflammation and cell stress has been exceedingly studied, but its involvement in the endosomal‐lysosomal pathway is largely unknown. This current study provides new insights into basal activity of CysLTR1 on cellular endocytosis and the subsequent impact on downstream processes like autophagy.
Critical geoeconomics: A genealogy of writing politics, economy and space
Authors: Mallin Felix , Sidaway James D.
Published: January 2023

Towards the end of the Cold War, the vocabulary of global power, space and economy received a qualitative update. Amongst the terms rapidly gaining prominence since the early 1990s has been the notion of geoeconomics, the coining of which has frequently been attributed to the strategist Edward N. Luttwak. In his interpretation, it signified a transition away from Cold War ideological and military geopolitical competition towards commerce and market‐based geo‐power. Over the past three decades, a ‘geoeconomics boom’ set in, characterised by think tanks and a varied body of politico‐economic literature making extensive use of the term. Conventionally treated as a neologism, the provenance and earlier iterations of geoeconomics, some dating back more than a century, have been largely ignored by both celebratory and critical accounts. In this paper, we trace and contextualise these earlier instances, leading us to the Geopolitik era in Germany and references to geoeconomics in the United States in the decades after WWII. We thereby offer a critical genealogy of geoeconomics, conceptualised as an object of definitional struggle. Proponents of the term sought to position it variously as a tool of national economic cohesion and competition or as a way of understanding and harnessing shifting global power relations, whilst others sought to subsume geoeconomics to geopolitics. These past struggles track forward into ongoing dialectical tensions between geoeconomics and geopolitics as competing but related geostrategic visions.
The processes with fractional order delay and PI controller design using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Özyetkin Münevver Mine , Birdane Hasan
Published: January 2023

In this study, the stability analysis of systems with fractional order delay is presented. Besides, PI controller design using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for such systems is also presented. The PSO algorithm is used to obtain the controller parameters within the stability region. As it is known that it is not possible to investigate the stability of systems with fractional order delay using analytical methods such as the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Furthermore, stability analysis of such systems is quite difficult. In this study, for stability testing of such systems, an approximation method previously introduced in the literature by the corresponding author is used. In addition, the unit step responses have been examined to evaluate the systems' performances. It should be noted that examining unit step responses of systems having fractional-order delay is not possible due to the absence of analytical methods. One of the aims of this study is to overcome this deficiency by using the proposed approximation method. Besides, a solution to the question of which controller parameter values should be selected in the stability region, which provides the calculation of all stabilizing PI controllers, is proposed using the PSO algorithm.
Performance Assessment of Chemical Kinetics Neural Ordinary Differential Equations in Pairwise Mixing Stirred Reactor
Authors: Bansude Shubhangi , Imani Farhad , Sheikhi Reza
Published: January 2023

The present study aims to assess the potential of the neural ordinary differential equations (NODE) network for reliable and computationally efficient implementation of chemistry in combustion simulations. Investigations are performed using a hydrogen-air pairwise mixing stirred reactor (PMSR). The PMSR is a zero-dimensional case affordable to study combustion chemistry entailing a similar numerical solution procedure as probability density function methods for turbulent combustion simulations. A systematic approach is presented to apply the NODE, solely trained on canonical constant pressure homogeneous reactor data, to predict complex chemistry and mixing interactions in PMSR. The reactor involves combustion of hydrogen in air described by a finite-rate mechanism with 9 chemical species and 21 reaction steps. The NODE network is shown to accurately capture the evolution of thermochemical variables for different mixing and chemical timescales. It also exhibits a significant reduction in numerical stiffness resulting in improving the computational efficiency and enabling the use of explicit solvers for the integration of chemical kinetics. The assessment results based on PMSR show that compared to direct integration of detailed kinetics, the NODE can achieve significant computational time speedup for a comparable accuracy.
A 3-D Printed Optically Clear Rigid Diseased Carotid Bifurcation Arterial Mock Vessel Model for Particle Image Velocimetry Analysis in Pulsatile Flow
Authors: Stanley Nicholas , Ciero Ashley , Timms William , Hewlin Rodward L.
Published: January 2023

In recent years, blood flow analyses of diseased arterial mock vessels using particle image velocimetry (PIV) have been hampered by the inability to fabricate optically clear anatomical vessel models that realistically replicate the complex morphology of arterial vessels and provide highly resolved flow images of flow tracer particles. The aim of this paper is to introduce a novel approach for producing optically clear 3-D printed rigid anatomical arterial vessel models that are suitable for PIV analysis using a common 3-D inkjet printing process (using a Formlabs Form 2 3-D printer) and stock clear resin (RS-F2-GPCL-04). By matching the index of refraction (IOR) of the working fluid to the stock clear resin material, and by printing the part in a 45-deg print orientation, a clear anatomical model that allows clear visualization of flow tracer particles can be produced which yields highly resolved flow images for PIV analyses. However, a 45-deg print orientation increases the need for post-processing due to an increased amount of printed support material. During post-processing, the part must be wet sanded in several steps and surface finished with Novus Plastic Polish 3 Step System to achieve the final surface finish needed to yield high-resolution flow images. The mock arterial vessel model produced in this work is a 3-D printed diseased carotid bifurcation artery developed from CTA scan data. A PIV analysis was conducted on the developed mock arterial vessel model installed in a complex transient flow loop to assess the flow profiles within the model and the clarity of the model. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was conducted on the same carotid bifurcation arterial geometry, and the results were used as a benchmark comparison for PIV results. The results obtained in this work show excellent promise for using the developed approach for developing 3-D printed anatomical vessel models for experimental PIV analyses. The fabrication methodology of the clear anatomical models, PIV results, and CFD results is described in detail.
New species, new records, and re-descriptions of two species of the genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mushtaq Hafiz Muhammad Saqib , Kamran Muhammad , Alatawi Fahad Jaber
Published: January 2023

Spider mite fauna of the genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) was comprehensively explored from natural and cultivated vegetation in Saudi Arabia (SA), during the years 2018 to 2020. One new species, Oligonychus washingtoniae sp. nov., and three new records, O. coniferarum (McGregor, 1950), O. dactyloni Smiley & Baker, 1995, and O. tylus Baker & Pritchard, 1960, are reported for the first time from SA. The new species, O. washingtoniae sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Washingtonia filifera (Lindl.) H.Wendl. (Arecaceae). The species O. dactyloni, and O. tylus are re-described, which were briefly described previously.
Two new species and a new record of the genus Paragigagnathus Amitai & Grinberg (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kamran Muhammad , Mushtaq Hafiz Muhammad Saqib , Jaber Alatawi Fahad
Published: January 2023

This paper describes two new species of predatory mites belonging to the genus Paragigagnathus Amitai & Grinberg (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiisae), namely Paragigagnathus neodesertorum sp. nov. from Acacia raddiana L. (Fabaceae), and, P. jazanensis sp. nov. from Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae). Also, P. amantis (Chaudhri, Akbar & Rasool, 1979) is a new species record for Saudi Arabia, reported from Tamarix sp.
Antibiotics and temperature alter microbiome assembly and host fecundity in spider mites
Authors: Zhu Yu-Xi , Zhang Yi-Yin , Zhang Xu , Hong Xiao-Yue
Published: January 2023

The microbial community in arthropods often modulate host fecundity, yet processes driving their assembly remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated bacterial community assembly and host fecundity in Tetranychus truncatus that were exposed to antibiotics and varying temperatures. Antibiotic exposure dominates over temperature in shaping spider mite bacterial composition and network properties. Specifically, complexity of microbiota networks tend to decrease with antibiotic treatment while increasing along a temperature gradient from 20℃ to 35℃. Analysis using neutral and null models revealed that bacterial community assembly in mites was chiefly driven by stochastic processes such as drift, with relative contribution > 85%. Relative contributions of each ecological process was rather weakly correlated with antibiotic and temperature conditions. Finally, fecundity tended to be lower in mites with microbiota variation following antibiotic treatment. This study reveals mechanisms underlying bacterial community assembly in spider mites and establishes microbiota as a potential mediator of host fecundity. Our results provide new insights into immediate adaptive processes between mites and microbiome in the context of environmental change.
Morphological ontogeny of Graptoppia granadaensis sp. nov. (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae), and comments on Graptoppia Balogh
Authors: Seniczak Stanisław , Seniczak Anna , Fernandez Ondoño Emilia
Published: January 2023

The morphological ontogeny of Graptoppia granadaensis S. et A. Seniczak sp. nov. is described and illustrated, based on the instars obtained from laboratory cultures. The adults of this species were collected from spruce litter (Picea sp.) in the Campus of University of Science in Granada, Spain. These adults are the most similar to that of G. tanaitica Karppinen et Poltavskaja, 1990, but differ from it by having fewer spines on the bothridial seta. In laboratory cultures, G. granadaensis fed on deciduous and pine litter and small parts of pine cones, overgrown by mycelium. The juveniles of this species are unpigmented, with soft body, covered with microtuberculate cerotegument. The larva has 12 pairs of gastronotal setae, including h3, the nymphs have 15 pairs; all setae are smooth and mostly short. In the juveniles, seta d coupled to proper solenidia is present on genua I–III and tibiae II–IV.
All field emission experiments are noisy, … are any meaningful?
Authors: Ayari Anthony , Vincent Pascal , Perisanu Sorin , Poncharal Philippe , Purcell Stephen T.
Published: January 2023

Representing field emission data on a Fowler–Nordheim plot is both very common and strongly not recommended. It leads to a spurious estimation of the emitter parameters despite a very good data fit. There is a lack of a reliable method of analysis and a proper estimation of the uncertainty in the extracted parameters. In this article, we show that the uncertainty in the estimation of the field enhancement factor or the emission area can be as high as ±50% even for a tungsten single emitter in good ultrahigh vacuum conditions analyzed by the Murphy–Good model. Moreover, the choice of the exact Murphy–Good method can have a noticeable impact. We found that advanced analysis methods, based on the measurement of the differential conductance of the emitter, are so demanding in terms of emitter stability that up to now its requirements are probably out of reach in any field emission laboratory.
Communicative constraints affect oro-facial gestures and acoustics: Whispered vs normal speech
Authors: Żygis Marzena , Fuchs Susanne
Published: January 2023

The present paper investigates a relationship between the acoustic signal and oro-facial expressions (gestures) when speakers (i) speak normally or whisper, (ii) do or do not see each other, and (iii) produce questions as opposed to statements. To this end, we conducted a motion capture experiment with 17 native speakers of German. The results provide partial support to the hypothesis that the most intensified oro-facial expressions occur when speakers whisper, do not see each other, and produce questions. The results are interpreted in terms of two hypotheses, i.e., the “hand-in-hand” and “trade-off” hypotheses. The relationship between acoustic properties and gestures does not provide straightforward support for one or the other hypothesis. Depending on the condition, speakers used more pronounced gestures and longer duration compensating for the lack of the fundamental frequency (supporting the trade-off hypothesis), but since the gestures were also enhanced when the listener was invisible, we conclude that they are not produced solely for the needs of the listener (supporting the hand-in-hand hypothesis), but rather they seem to help the speaker to achieve an overarching communicative goal.
A simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm for broadband noise control
Authors: Li Shanjun , Jin Guoyong , Wu Muyun , Chen Yukun , Ye Tiangui
Published: January 2023

Simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm, an algorithm without secondary path modeling, has been applied to active noise control by some researchers. Some extended versions of this algorithm have been also developed to improve its performance. However, these existing algorithms are mostly dedicated to controlling the periodic noise instead of the broadband noise. In particular, background noise is not taken into account when SPSA algorithms are applied to control broadband noise. In this paper, an algorithm combining the cost function with the SPSA algorithm to control broadband noise has been proposed. The suggested cost function is an inner product of the estimated cross-correlation function between a reference vector and the error signal. The elements of the reference vector are composed of the reference signals at different times. Moreover, the algorithm analysis is performed and the numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm. The results illustrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce broadband noise when interference noise exists in the control system. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has better convergence performance than other SPSA algorithms.
An architecture for passive joint localization and structure learning in reverberant environments
Authors: Arikan Toros , Weiss Amir , Vishnu Hari , Deane Grant B. , Singer Andrew C. , Wornell Gregory W.
Published: January 2023

Passive localization and tracking of a mobile emitter, and joint learning of its reverberant three-dimensional (3D) acoustic environment, where critical structural features are unknown, is a key open problem. Unaccounted-for occluders are potentially present, so that the emitter can lose line-of-sight to the receivers, and can only be observed through its reflected raypaths. The locations of reflective boundaries must therefore be jointly estimated with the emitter's position. A multistage global optimization and tracking architecture is developed to solve this problem with a relatively unconstrained model. Each stage of this architecture establishes domain knowledge such as synchronization and initial environment estimation, which are inputs for the following stages of more refined algorithms. This approach is generalizable to different physical scales and modalities and improves on methods that do not exploit the motion of the emitter. In one stage of this architecture, particle swarm optimization is used to simultaneously estimate the environment and the emitter location. In another stage, a Hough transform-inspired boundary localization algorithm is extended to 3D settings, to establish an initial estimate of the environment. The performance of this holistic approach is analyzed and its reliability is demonstrated in a reverberant watertank testbed, which models the shallow-water underwater acoustic setting.
Characterizing the acoustic response of Thalassia testudinum leaves using resonator measurements and finite element modeling
Authors: Torres Nicholas A. , Ballard Megan S. , Lee Kevin S. , Wilson Preston S. , Naify Christina J. , Ben-avi Aytahn
Published: January 2023

Seagrasses play an important role in coastal ecosystems and serve as important marine carbon stores. Acoustic monitoring techniques exploit the sensitivity of underwater sound to bubbles, which are produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis and present within the seagrass tissue. To make accurate assessments of seagrass biomass and productivity, a model is needed to describe acoustic propagation through the seagrass meadow that includes the effects of gas contained within the seagrass leaves. For this purpose, a new seagrass leaf model is described for Thalassia testudinum that consists of a comparatively rigid epidermis that composes the outer shell of the leaf and comparatively compliant aerenchyma that surrounds the gas channels on the interior of the leaf. With the bulk modulus and density of the seagrass tissue determined by previous work, this study focused on characterizing the shear moduli of the epidermis and aerenchyma. These properties were determined through a combination of dynamic mechanical analysis and acoustic resonator measurements coupled with microscopic imagery and finite element modeling. The shear moduli varied as a function of length along the leaves with values of 100 and 1.8 MPa at the basal end and 900 and 3.7 MPa at the apical end for the epidermis and aerenchyma, respectively.
Physical Activity Interventions to Reduce Metabolic Risk Factors to Cognitive Health
Authors: Castelli Darla , Julien Christine
Published: January 2023

Physical activity is a health-protective factor that can reduce disease risk in later life. Designing interventions that increase physical activity participation are paramount but need to increase potency and reduce the time to effectiveness. This paper aims to outline one transdisciplinary, team science effort to increase behavioral intervention potency through the integration of the autonomous cognition model whereby data guide each decision in developing a school-based physical activity intervention. Examples of data collected by stage and a summary of potential action steps are provided.
A Life-Span Approach to Understanding and Managing Choking With a Youth Athlete
Authors: Moffat Zoe Louise , McCarthy Paul Joseph , Burns Lindsey , McCann Bryan
Published: January 2023

Life-span perspectives illustrate the critical features of development that clients experience; however, little evidence exists to illustrate how to integrate these approaches or use them in sport and exercise contexts. Attending to a clients’ developmental stage is a critical component of ethical and effective professional practice. We present an account of how we considered, selected, or dismissed components of life-span perspectives throughout the stages of service delivery with James, a youth sport athlete presenting with “choking” difficulties. The life-span approach offered a context to understand James’s presenting difficulty to determine the appropriateness and applicability of intervention, and acknowledged bias and experience of the psychologist.
Marine biogenic emissions of benzene and toluene and their contribution to secondary organic aerosols over the polar oceans
Authors: Wohl Charel , Li Qinyi , Cuevas Carlos A. , Fernandez Rafael P. , Yang Mingxi , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Simó Rafel
Published: January 2023

Reactive trace gas emissions from the polar oceans are poorly characterized, even though their effects on atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation are crucial for assessing current and preindustrial aerosol forcing on climate. Here, we present seawater and atmospheric measurements of benzene and toluene, two gases typically associated with pollution, in the remote Southern Ocean and the Arctic marginal ice zone. Their distribution suggests a marine biogenic source. Calculated emission fluxes were 0.023 ± 0.030 (benzene) and 0.039 ± 0.036 (toluene) and 0.023 ± 0.028 (benzene) and 0.034 ± 0.041 (toluene) μmol m
−2
day
−1
for the Southern Ocean and the Arctic, respectively. Including these average emissions in a chemistry-climate model increased secondary organic aerosol mass concentrations only by 0.1% over the Arctic but by 7.7% over the Southern Ocean, with transient episodes of up to 77.3%. Climate models should consider the hitherto overlooked emissions of benzene and toluene from the polar oceans.
Ionizable lipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to pancreatic β cells via macrophage-mediated gene transfer
Authors: Melamed Jilian R. , Yerneni Saigopalakrishna S. , Arral Mariah L. , LoPresti Samuel T. , Chaudhary Namit , Sehrawat Anuradha , Muramatsu Hiromi , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Pardi Norbert , Weissman Drew , Gittes George K. , Whitehead Kathryn A.
Published: January 2023

Systemic messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery to organs outside the liver, spleen, and lungs remains challenging. To overcome this issue, we hypothesized that altering nanoparticle chemistry and administration routes may enable mRNA-induced protein expression outside of the reticuloendothelial system. Here, we describe a strategy for delivering mRNA potently and specifically to the pancreas using lipid nanoparticles. Our results show that delivering lipid nanoparticles containing cationic helper lipids by intraperitoneal administration produces robust and specific protein expression in the pancreas. Most resultant protein expression occurred within insulin-producing β cells. Last, we found that pancreatic mRNA delivery was dependent on horizontal gene transfer by peritoneal macrophage exosome secretion, an underappreciated mechanism that influences the delivery of mRNA lipid nanoparticles. We anticipate that this strategy will enable gene therapies for intractable pancreatic diseases such as diabetes and cancer.
Engineering edgeless human skin with enhanced biomechanical properties
Authors: Pappalardo Alberto , Alvarez Cespedes David , Fang Shuyang , Herschman Abigail R. , Jeon Eun Young , Myers Kristin M. , Kysar Jeffrey W. , Abaci Hasan Erbil
Published: January 2023

Despite the advancements in skin bioengineering, 3D skin constructs are still produced as flat tissues with open edges, disregarding the fully enclosed geometry of human skin. Therefore, they do not effectively cover anatomically complex body sites, e.g., hands. Here, we challenge the prevailing paradigm by engineering the skin as a fully enclosed 3D tissue that can be shaped after a body part and seamlessly transplanted as a biological clothing. Our wearable edgeless skin constructs (WESCs) show enhanced dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and mechanical properties compared to conventional constructs. WESCs display region-specific cell/ECM alignment, as well as physiologic anisotropic mechanical properties. WESCs replace the skin in full-thickness wounds of challenging body sites (e.g., mouse hindlimbs) with minimal suturing and shorter surgery time. This study provides a compelling technology that may substantially improve wound care and suggests that the recapitulation of the tissue macroanatomy can lead to enhanced biological function.
Optineurin regulates NRF2-mediated antioxidant response in a mouse model of Paget’s disease of bone
Authors: Hu Xiangxiang , Wong Sing-Wai , Liang Kaixin , Wu Tai-Hsien , Wang Sheng , Wang Lufei , Liu Jie , Yamauchi Mitsuo , Foster Brian L. , Ting Jenny P.-Y. , Zhao Baohong , Tseng Henry C. , Ko Ching-Chang
Published: January 2023

Degenerative diseases affecting the nervous and skeletal systems affect the health of millions of elderly people. Optineurin (OPTN) has been associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases and Paget’s disease of bone (PDB), a degenerative bone disease initiated by hyperactive osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we found age-related increase in OPTN and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in vivo. At the molecular level, OPTN could directly interact with both NRF2 and its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) for up-regulating antioxidant response. At the cellular level, deletion of OPTN resulted in increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and increased osteoclastogenic potential. At the tissue level, deletion of OPTN resulted in substantially increased oxidative stress derived from leukocytes that further stimulate osteoclastogenesis. Last, curcumin attenuated hyperactive osteoclastogenesis induced by OPTN deficiency in aged mice. Collectively, our findings reveal an OPTN-NRF2 axis maintaining bone homeostasis and suggest that antioxidants have therapeutic potential for PDB.
Regulation of neuropathic pain by microglial Orai1 channels
Authors: Tsujikawa Shogo , DeMeulenaere Kaitlyn E. , Centeno Maria V. , Ghazisaeidi Shahrzad , Martin Megan E. , Tapies Martinna R. , Maneshi Mohammad M. , Yamashita Megumi , Stauderman Kenneth A. , Apkarian Apkar V. , Salter Michael W. , Prakriya Murali
Published: January 2023

Microglia are important mediators of neuroinflammation, which underlies neuropathic pain. However, the molecular checkpoints controlling microglial reactivity are not well-understood. Here, we investigated the role of Orai1 channels for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation following nerve injury and find that deletion of Orai1 in microglia attenuates Ca
2+
signaling and the production of inflammatory cytokines by proalgesic agonists. Conditional deletion of Orai1 attenuated microglial proliferation in the dorsal horn, spinal cytokine levels, and potentiation of excitatory neurotransmission following peripheral nerve injury. These cellular effects were accompanied by mitigation of pain hyperalgesia in microglial Orai1 knockout mice. A small-molecule Orai1 inhibitor, CM4620, similarly mitigated allodynia in male mice. Unexpectedly, these protective effects were not seen in female mice, revealing sexual dimorphism in Orai1 regulation of microglial reactivity and hyperalgesia. Together, these findings indicate that Orai1 channels are key regulators of the sexually dimorphic role of microglia for the neuroinflammation that underlies neuropathic pain.
Collective fusion activity determines neurotropism of an en bloc transmitted enveloped virus
Authors: Shirogane Yuta , Harada Hidetaka , Hirai Yuichi , Takemoto Ryuichi , Suzuki Tateki , Hashiguchi Takao , Yanagi Yusuke
Published: January 2023

Measles virus (MeV), which is usually non-neurotropic, sometimes persists in the brain and causes subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) several years after acute infection, serving as a model for persistent viral infections. The persisting MeVs have hyperfusogenic mutant fusion (F) proteins that likely enable cell-cell fusion at synapses and “en bloc transmission” between neurons. We here show that during persistence, F protein fusogenicity is generally enhanced by cumulative mutations, yet mutations paradoxically reducing the fusogenicity may be selected alongside the wild-type (non-neurotropic) MeV genome. A mutant F protein having SSPE-derived substitutions exhibits lower fusogenicity than the hyperfusogenic F protein containing some of those substitutions, but by the wild-type F protein coexpression, the fusogenicity of the former F protein is enhanced, while that of the latter is nearly abolished. These findings advance the understanding of the long-term process of MeV neuropathogenicity and provide critical insight into the genotype-phenotype relationships of en bloc transmitted viruses.
Lnc956
-TRIM28-HSP90B1 complex on replication forks promotes CMG helicase retention to ensure stem cell genomic stability and embryogenesis
Authors: Zhang Weidao , Tang Min , Wang Lin , Zhou Hu , Gao Jing , Chen Zhongliang , Zhao Bo , Zheng Ping
Published: January 2023

Replication stress is a major source of endogenous DNA damage. Despite the identification of numerous proteins on replication forks to modulate fork or replication machinery activities, it remains unexplored whether noncoding RNAs can localize on stalled forks and play critical regulatory roles. Here, we identify an uncharacterized long noncoding RNA NONMMUT028956 (
Lnc956
for short) predominantly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Lnc956
is accumulated on replication forks to prevent fork collapse and preserve genomic stability and is essential for mouse embryogenesis. Mechanistically, it drives assembly of the
Lnc956
-TRIM28-HSP90B1 complex on stalled forks in an interdependent manner downstream of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) signaling.
Lnc956
-TRIM28-HSP90B1 complex physically associates with minichromosome maintenance proteins 2 (MCM2) to minichromosome maintenance proteins 7 (MCM7) hexamer via TRIM28 and directly regulates the CDC45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicase retention on chromatin. The regulation of
Lnc956
-TRIM28-HSP90B1 on CMG retention is mediated by HSP90B1’s chaperoning function. These findings reveal a player that actively regulates replisome retention to prevent fork collapse.
Mitochondria metabolism sets the species-specific tempo of neuronal development
Authors: Iwata Ryohei , Casimir Pierre , Erkol Emir , Boubakar Leïla , Planque Mélanie , Gallego López Isabel M. , Ditkowska Martyna , Gaspariunaite Vaiva , Beckers Sofie , Remans Daan , Vints Katlijn , Vandekeere Anke , Poovathingal Suresh , Bird Matthew , Vlaeminck Ine , Creemers Eline , Wierda Keimpe , Corthout Nikky , Vermeersch Pieter , Carpentier Sébastien , Davie Kristofer , Mazzone Massimiliano , Gounko Natalia V. , Aerts Stein , Ghesquière Bart , Fendt Sarah-Maria , Vanderhaeghen Pierre
Published: January 2023

Neuronal development in the human cerebral cortex is considerably prolonged compared with that of other mammals. We explored whether mitochondria influence the species-specific timing of cortical neuron maturation. By comparing human and mouse cortical neuronal maturation at high temporal and cell resolution, we found a slower mitochondria development in human cortical neurons compared with that in the mouse, together with lower mitochondria metabolic activity, particularly that of oxidative phosphorylation. Stimulation of mitochondria metabolism in human neurons resulted in accelerated development in vitro and in vivo, leading to maturation of cells weeks ahead of time, whereas its inhibition in mouse neurons led to decreased rates of maturation. Mitochondria are thus important regulators of the pace of neuronal development underlying human-specific brain neoteny.
Revolt against educational rankings
Authors: Thorp H. Holden
Published: January 2023

The ranking of universities and colleges at the national and global level is a well-known dubious practice. Flawed methodologies generate distorted and inaccurate profiles of these institutions. Yet, rankings have remained a popular and trusted measure of “the best” by the public.
U.S. News & World Report
has long had a stranglehold on US higher education. Using algorithms that process various measurements such as standardized test scores, alumni giving, and opinion surveys, it publishes annual ranked lists of undergraduate colleges as well as graduate, business, law, and medical schools. For too long, parents, politicians, and trustees have treated these lists with more importance than they deserve. That may be ending, as prestigious law and medical schools have started to walk away from this “evaluation.”
Supplemental Material: Tectono-magmatic evolution of the Greenland–Iceland–Norway ridge complex and the Jan Mayen hotspot in the Arctic Atlantic Ocean: Constraints from in situ trace elements and Sr isotopes of minerals
Authors: Chen Shuangshuang , Liu Jiaqi , et al.
Published: January 2023

Analytical method and geochemical data generated in this study are included in the Supplemental Text, Tables S1–S11, and Figures S1–S9.
Membranous nephropathy after a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Mateus Catarina , Theias Manso Rita , Martins Ana Rita , Branco Patrícia Quadros
Published: January 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infections can induce kidney injury and glomerulopathy, with the most common pathology findings being acute tubular injury and collapsing glomerulopathy.

Here we describe a rare case of membranous nephropathy in a man in his late 70s presented with nephrotic syndrome and rapidly progressive kidney dysfunction 1 month after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies were positive. He was treated with rituximab, with proteinuria control. We review the cases reported in the literature.
Unsuspected gastric glomus tumour
Authors: Stahl Caleb , Wong William G , Fanburg-Smith Julie C , Vining Charles C
Published: January 2023

Gastric glomus tumours (GGTs) are rare predominantly benign, mesenchymal neoplasms that commonly arise from the muscularis or submucosa of the gastric antrum and account for <1% of gastrointestinal soft-tissue tumours. Historically, GGT has been difficult to diagnose preoperatively due to the lack of unique clinical, endoscopic and CT features. We present a case of an incidentally identified GGT in an asymptomatic man that was initially considered a neuroendocrine tumour (NET) by preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy with focal synaptophysin reactivity. An elective robotic distal gastrectomy and regional lymphadenectomy were performed. Postoperative review by pathology confirmed the diagnosis of GGT. GGTs should be considered by morphology as a differential diagnosis of gastric NET on cytology biopsy, especially if there is focal synaptophysin reactivity. Additional staining for SMA and BRAF, if atypical/malignant, can help with this distinction. Providers should be aware of the biological behaviour and treatment of GGTs.
Relationship between ethnicity and stage at diagnosis in England: a national analysis of six cancer sites
Authors: Fry Anna , White Becky , Nagarwalla Diana , Shelton Jon , Jack Ruth H
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Cancer stage at diagnosis is a determinant of treatment options and survival. Previous research has shown differences in barriers to presentation with cancer between ethnic groups. The completeness and quality of cancer stage and ethnicity data has improved markedly over recent years in England, allowing for comparison of stage distributions at diagnosis between ethnic groups. This study aimed to assess relationships between ethnic group and two outcomes: unknown stage cancer and late stage (stages 3 and 4) cancer, after adjustment for confounders.

Design and setting

A retrospective secondary data analysis using data from NHS Digital’s National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service and Hospital Episode Statistics records from 2012 to 2016.

Participants

This study analysed newly diagnosed breast, colon, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovary, prostate and uterine cancers in white British, Caribbean, African, Chinese and Asian patients aged 15–99 in England.

Results

Caribbean, African and Asian women with breast or ovarian cancer, Caribbean and African women with uterine or colon cancer, Caribbean women with NSCLC and Caribbean men with colon cancer had increased odds of late-stage disease at diagnosis compared with the white British cohort. In contrast, Caribbean and African men with prostate cancer had decreased odds of late-stage cancer. Where stage was known, there were variations in late-stage cancer by ethnic group.

Conclusions

Low symptom awareness and barriers to presentation can cause delays, resulting in later stage diagnosis. Targeted intervention campaigns to help raise awareness of cancer signs and symptoms and the benefits of early diagnosis, along with removing barriers to appropriate referrals, could help to improve these inequalities.