bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Handball-specific skill acquisition by use of different instruction methods
Authors: Fasold Frowin , Houseman Luca , Noel Benjamin , Klatt Stefanie
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Instructions are one of the fundamental coaching methods for developing skills in sport. Recent research has shown that activating implicit learning processes through metaphorical or analogical instructions is as effective as the activation of explicit learning processes by instructing step-by-step movement rules. Nevertheless, these effects have not been investigated in youth handball yet, and past research has shown a lack of the systematic use of analogy instructions in general. For the first time, the current study investigated the effectiveness of step-by-step instructions and analogy instructions in young athletes’ learning of basic skills in team handball.

Methods

A short-term intervention with a sample of 36 participants (9–10 years) was conducted. One group of the athletes were instructed with step-by-step movement rules, while the other group were instructed with analogies, in 3 different handball-specific tasks (stand throw, body feint, defence position). The athletes’ performances were rated by 15 handball coaches.

Results

The conducted intervention resulted in small and task-dependent performance improvements under both instruction conditions. In the throwing task, no performance improvement was observed overall, whereas the participants improved in both instruction conditions in the feint task. As for the learning of the defence position, the participants in the analogy conditio improved more than the others.

Conclusions

The current results are in line with recent investigations of different sports tasks and should motivate coaches and teachers in team sports to try to be ingenious and creative in developing functional analogies, metaphors, or pictorial instructions for skill acquisition.
The profile of demographics, training habits, and health of recreational trail runners: a comparative study among different distances
Authors: Molz Patricia
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Despite considerable growth of trail runners’ population, little is known about the demographics, training habits, and health characteristics of recreational trail runners. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the demographics, training habits, and health characteristics of recreational trail runners as compared between different distances of Circuito Trilhas & Montanhas.

Methods

The descriptive transversal study involved 167 trail runners of Circuito Trilhas & Montanhas. A questionnaire concerning trail-running practice was applied and the chosen route (short/medium/long) was recorded.

Results

The trail runners were mostly young athletes (≤ 40 years old, 51.5%), males (66.5%), bachelors (56.3%), and married or in a committed relationship (58.1%). Most of the long distance trail runners were significantly more experienced (p = 0.001; ϕ = 0.230), ran 10–20 km per training (p < 0.001; ϕ = 0.535), participated in club sport (p = 0.004; ϕ = 0.257), and used safety equipment (p = 0.011; ϕ = 0.233) compared with the other distances. The chosen course was not associated with the health status (p = 0.385), but the presence of diseases was significantly reported by most of the short distance trail runners (p = 0.023; ϕ = 0.213).

Conclusions

The recreational trail runners participating in this study are predominantly young, well-educated, and married. Most long distance trail runners were more experienced, ran average distances per training, participated in club sport, and used safety equipment compared with the other distances. Moreover, trail runners with any diseases ran in short distances.
Evidence of content, concurrent criterion validity, and reliability in a chassè checklist
Authors: Marinho Nadia F.S. , Aburachid Layla M.C. , Gomes Thabata V.B. , Ribeiro-Silva Patrick C. , Duarte Marcelo G. , Flor Isa H.G. , Romana Carina A.S. , Greco Pablo J. , Benda Rodolfo N.
Published: March 2021

Purpose

This study aims to verify the evidence of content, concurrent criterion validity, and reliability in a chassè checklist.

Methods

First, 3 judges measured 11 items of the checklist based on the Likert scale, varying from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much clear, pertinent, and representative), for the content evidence validity. In the second stage, 91 girls (12 ± 2.09 years old) were evaluated while performing the skill; 51 of them were skilled and 40 were novice in polka type chassè (concurrent evidence). Concerning reliability, 3 evaluators analysed the videos of 5 volunteers while performing polka type chassè at 2 different times, with an interval of 1 week between evaluations.

Results

After the first stage, 1 item presented the content validity coefficient of 0.56 and it was reformulated as well as the skill was renamed to polka type chassè. The second assessment presented clear, pertinent, and representative items of the instrument. The reliability was considered appropriate by the inter-judge intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.83 and the lowest intra-judge ICC of 0.80. Lastly, concurrent evidence was better when it came to skilled participants than novice ones related to polka type chassè.

Conclusions

In general, the results indicated content and concurrent validity and reliability evidence. The instrument can be useful for physical education teachers as well as gymnastics coaches.
Uncertainty, alexithymia, suppression and vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Authors: Merlo Emanuele , Sicari Federica , Frisone Fabio , Costa Gaetano , Alibrandi Angela , Avena Giuseppe , Settineri Salvatore
Published: March 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has expanded to reach many countries, involving healthcare systems facing high numbers of in-fected patients. The repercussions concern every segment of the population; therefore it is necessary to understand the extent of psychopathological variations.

Participants and procedure

355 subjects aged from 18 to 78 years old (M = 36.51, SD = 13.08) with a prevalence of female subjects (70.3%) were in-volved in completing the protocol during the early 10 days of lockdown. The module provided for the collection of personal information, such as age, gender, and years of study. The variables considered concerned the administration of the IUS-12, the TAS-20, the PVDQ-15 and the SMQ. Descriptive statistics, correlational and linear regressions analyses were performed in order to highlight significant relationships and dependences among the variables.

Results

Several relationships emerged with reference to the included variables. In particular, uncertainty and alexithymia proved to be indices with an important predictive role in developing psychopathology. The suppression of disturbing and unknown contents represented a defense for overcoming representations, whose impact proved to be negative in terms of adapta-tion. The results clarified the general tendencies of the population to cope with anguish due to the lack of knowledge in the first 10 days of lockdown.

Conclusions

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population is evident. The decision to analyze uncertainty, alexithymia and contamination as relevant issues brought the need to analyze a dynamic of conscious suppression of disturbing contents. The results may represent key points to establish interventions.
Takayasu’s arteritis occurring under TNF blockers in a patient with spondyloarthritis: is it an association or a paradoxical effect?
Authors: Rezgui Amel , Thabet Maissa , Makki Sahar , Anoun Jihed , Hassine Imen Ben , Karmeni Monia , Ben Fredj Fatma , Mzabi Anis , Laouani Chedia
Published: March 2021

Coexistence of spondyloarthritis (SpA) and Takayasu’s arteritis is not a common finding, but such cases have been discussed, particularly in the context of choice of therapy. Inhibition of inflammation by tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) is a key aspect of the treatment of SpA and also positive effects of such treatment in concomitant large vessel vasculitis have been reported. However, TNFi is also associated with the possibility of initiating vasculitis.

The present article based on a case study and the available literature is an attempt to discuss coexistence of these two diseases and the impact of treatment with biological drugs from the anti-TNF group in the course of SpA with Takayasu’s arteritis.
Bioactive Natural Medicinal Plants in South Indian Western Ghats and Their Pharmacological Importance
Authors: M. Jenifer Tamizharasi , R. Rajila , D. Beula Shiny , J. Vijila Jasmin , T. Kumaran
Published: March 2021

Awareness of traditional knowledge and medicinal plants can play a key role in the utilization and discovery of natural plant resources. Plants became the basis of medicine system throughout the world for thousands of years and continue to provide mankind with new remedies. Researchers generally agree that natural products from plants and other organisms have been the most consistently successful source for ideas for new drugs. The world health organization estimates that 80% of the population living in the developing countries relies exclusively on traditional medicine for their primary health care. More than half of the world's population still relies entirely on plants for medicines, and plants supply the active ingredients of most traditional medical products. The review shows the south Indian medicinal plant products has been used by people to treat various health ailments.
Structure and Process Evaluation of Cold Chain Management and Routine Immunization Services in Rural Western Gujarat
Authors: Pradeep Pithadia , Viral Shah , Naresh Makwana , Dipesh Parmar
Published: March 2021

Maintenance of cold chain points are vital for preserving potency of vaccines for immunization of children and thereby averting vaccine preventable diseases in the community. Cold chain handlers should have sufficient knowledge and skills related to cold chain equipment handling and immunization practices.  The present study aims to evaluate maintenance of cold chain facilities at primary health care centers (PHCs), related logistics and observation of Mamta Day (Immunization Day). The observations include knowledge and practice of health workers about immunization activities, their communication skills, training status etc. Methods: There are total 31 Primary Health Centers in Jamnagar district, out of which, we decided to include 50% (15) of primary health centers and observed their cold chain, and Immunization day at a subcentre or Anganwadi centre of the selected PHC to assess the quality of immunization services. We included equal number of cold chain points from each block of the district to make it representative of entire district. Results:  Average population served by a cold chain point is 21985. Vaccine related logistics like cold boxes, vaccine carriers etc. were adequate in all facilities. All cold chain equipments were placed as per standard guidelines. The posts of medical officers and pharmacists were vacant in almost one fourth of cold chain points and they were run on deputation from other facilities. The knowledge and skills of health workers related to immunization practices were found to be satisfactory. Conclusion:  We observed that routine immunization program was implementing in the district satisfactorily. The posts of medical officers and pharmacists need to be filled up at the earliest for smooth functioning of immunization program in primary health centres.
Education Service Quality and Management Practices at Universities of Pakistan: Perspectives of Service Delivery Staff
Authors: Raza Mehr Mohsin , Shah Ashfaque Ahmad , Syeda Zunaira Fatima , Sarwar Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Since the last few decades, the trend of service and marketing in higher education is self-evident. Universities are viewed as markets and students as customers. This research aims to explore education service quality (ESQ) at universities of Pakistan. Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan having 60 universities. The study is delimited to 29 general public universities of Punjab. Six universities were randomly selected i.e. – University of the Punjab, Government College University Lahore, Islamia University Bahawalpur, University of Sargodha, University of Gujrat, and Government College University Faisalabad. The research relied on the perception of 33 service delivery staff of these universities. A semi-structured interview schedule mainly based on the HEdPERF model (Abdullah 2006) was used, which included six indicators – admissions, academic aspect, non-academic aspects, reputation, access, and program issues. Interviews were transcribed for thematic analysis. It was found that overall ESQ for all six indicators was perceived to be poor and non-academic services were reported to be in a very discouraging state; however, admissions services were found comparatively better. The study recommends that ESQ should be improved by continuously assessing students’ needs and observing trends and demands operative in the contemporary higher education scenario.
Enhancing Employee Retention in Supervisory Support context: role of Person-Organizations Fit and Career Commitment
Authors: Khan Hafiz Ghufran Ali , Abass Zafar , Khan Muhanmmed Jehanger , Ahmad Ijaz
Published: March 2021

By using Social exchange theory (Blau, 1964) the current study examined the mediating effect of Career commitment in the relationship between Supervisory support (SS) and Employee Retention (EE) and the moderating role of Person Organization Fit in the relationship between Supervisory Support and Career Commitment. Data was collected from 264 respondents from the Banking and Telecom sector (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) of Pakistan. Banking and telecom were the new areas for the current study. Supervisory support and career commitment is the most important thing in banking and telecom. The main and for the most important object of current is to find out how the supervisor helps the employee to retain in origination. The second objective is how career commitment and person-organization fit helps to an employee in retention. The results show that supervisory support has a positive effect on employee retention and career commitment. The study further reveals that career commitment mediates the relationship between supervisory support and Employee Retention and Person Organization Fit moderates the relationship between Supervisory support and Career Commitment. The current study suggests that supervisors of banking and telecom sectors should support their subordinates to achieve their organizational goals effectively and efficiently. Person organization Fit is necessary for subordinates in organizations to complete their work and compete with their competitors.
Access to Finance, Financial Development and Firm Performance – Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Waqas , Abbas Zaheer , Ali Shah Zulfiqar
Published: March 2021

Purpose- The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of financial constraints on firm performance. The role of financial development in reducing financial constraints is also investigated. Design/methodology/approach- Data from two waves of World Bank Enterprise Surveys from 2007 to 2013 was used to construct the required variables. A balanced sample of 427 firms was selected and a fixed-effect model was used for empirical estimations.

Findings- The findings indicate the significance of access to finance in terms of explaining firm performance. Improvement in access to finance led to subsequent improvement in firm performance as measured by labour productivity. The role of financial development in reducing credit constraints is not as expected. The concentration of lending to the private sector in the hands of large corporations at the expense of small and medium enterprises could be the reason for such a result.

Originality/value – Most of the work in this area is focused on large listed firms. The present study focused primarily on small and medium-sized enterprises in Pakistan. Multiple measures of financial constraints and firm performance were used for robustness. The investigation also covers the role of financial development and its microeconomic implications at the level of an enterprise.
Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical investigation of Asian Developing Economies
Authors: Ali Mahnaz muhammad , Soharwardi Mariam Abbas , Sadiq Rozina
Published: March 2021

Developing economies have different cultural and economic characteristics, but they often experience similar levels of corruption. At one side developing economies are facing the issue of corruption; on the other hand, they are a potential recipient of FDI. The present study used the data of 31 developing Asian economies from 2000 to 2017 to determine the impact of host country’s level of corruption on inward FDI. System GMM technique is applied for empirical investigation since the problem of endogeneity and heteroscedasticity are found in the models. Results reveal that corruption has a positive and statistically significant impact on inward FDI; corruption also has a positive impact on FDI inflows to GDP ratio for the panel countries. Hence the results of the study endorse the grease the wheel hypothesis of corruption. It is concluded countries should focus their resources to create business friendly environment instead to focus on anti-corruption policies only.
Descriptive Dimensions of Brand Equity in Service Sector of Pakistan: A Literature Review
Authors: Hassan Masood , Bashir Muhammad Adnan , Qureshi Muhammad Azeem
Published: March 2021

In the industry of goods, the product is the primary brand. However, with services, the company is the primary brand. Branding is not for visible goods but also a significant factor of performance for services. The ability to educate consumers of their expertise and credence values before the order has contributed to the general awareness of the value of products in the service industry in relation to consumer preference. If the brand is an essential consideration in any campaign initiative, it is crucial to consider the meaning of its equity. Brand value is the confidence gained in a brand regardless of customer experience. Because of the strategic advantages of established and established products, brand value is significant. Brand equity can make a significant contribution to the visualization of intangible goods for service companies. Given that there is no research available, this study seeks to suggest descriptive brand equity dimensions in Pakistan's service markets. The history is regarded as Brand Loyalty, Brand Awareness, Brand Association, Brand Perceived Quality, Brand Image, Brand Trust, Brand Credibility as antecedents of brand equity in services markets. This research is focused on the literature review and specifics are discussed. A systemic literature review approach for extracting the existing literature of desire has been used.
The Protagonist of Training among Employee Performance, Organizational Development and Employees’ Turnover
Authors: Khan Abid , Sharif Ilyas , Muhammad Said , Haq Zahoor Ul
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted in the banking sector of Malakand Division Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. The objectives of the study were to investigate how training can affect employee performance, turnover, and overall organizational development in the banking sector. Data were collected from 180 individuals through a self-administered, five-point Likert scale questionnaire and was analyzed through SPSS, Regression and Pearson correlation analyses were conducted on the dataset. The results confirmed that employee training considerably affects employee performance, turnover, and overall organizational development.
Acidosis Frequency in Children of Pediatric Acute Diarrhea
Authors: Zain Ul Abadin Muhammad , Zaheer Arif , Tariq Shahla , Ans Muhammad , Mehmood Kashif , Farooq Moazzam
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To Found out the frequency of aidosis in patients of paediatric accute diarrhea. Methods: Two hundred and eighty children fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria admitted in Department of Paediatrics, Services Hospital, Lahore was taken. Informed consent of the parents of children was obtained to include their data in the study. Every children with acute diarrhea was followed through 1-2cc arterial sample sent to the hospital laboratory of the hospital. Results: out of the total 280 patients, 83(29.5%) had acid base abnormality and 197(70.5%) had normal acid base imbalance. Out of 83(29.5%) patients who had acid base abnormality 50(17.5%) males and 22(8%) females had acidosis while only 8(3%) males and 3(1%) females had alkalosis. Conclusion: Acidosis is the most common abnormalities. Its incidence increase with increase in duration of diarrhea. Key Words: Acidosis, paediatric acute diarrhea How to Cite: Zain-ul-Abadin M, Zaheer A, Tariq S, Ans M, Mehmood K, Farooq M. Acidosis Frequency in Children of Pediatric Acute Diarrhea. Esculapio.2020;16(04):14-17.
PERTAMBANGAN BATU KAPUR OLEH I MADE SUKARAJA DI KABUPATEN BADUNG, BALI (Studi Kasus: Nomor 1105/Pid.Sus/2016PN.Dps)
Authors: Natasha Elza Jauhara  , Elsi Kartika Sari
Published: March 2021

Seluruh bahan tambang yang terdapat di wilayah Indonesia dikuasai oleh Negara dan dimanfaatkan untuk seluruh Bangsa Indonesia sebagaimana tercantum sebgai pelaksanaan  Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD 1945 dan dijabarkan dalam Pasal (2) jo Pasal 8 UUPA menyatakan bahwa Negara memiliki wewenang untuk menguasai dan mengatur segala kekayaan atas sumber daya alam yang terkandung di dalam Indonesia untuk dikelola dengan sebaik-baiknya agar mencapai kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan bagi rakyat Indonesia. Untuk melakukan suatu usaha pertambangan diperlukannya Izin Usaha Pertambangan. Izin Usaha Pertambangan (IUP) merupakan izin untuk melakukan usaha pertambangan berdasarkan Pasal 1 Angka 7 UU No. 4 Tahun 2004. Metode penelitian Normatif, menggunakan data sekunder, dianalisis secara kualitatif, kesimpulan secara logika dedutif. Dalam perkara Nomor 1105/Pid.Sus/2016/PN.Dps. Pertambangan Batu Kapur yang dilakukam I Made Sukaraja tanpa memilik Izin Usaha Pertambangan dapat dikatakan sebagai perbuatan Ilegal,  dapat dikenakan Pasal 158 UU No. 4 Tahun 2009 “Setiap orang yang melakukan usaha penambangan tanpa IUP, IPR atau IUPK diatur dalam Pasal 37, Pasal 40 ayat (3), Pasal 48, Pasal 67 ayat (1), Pasal 74 ayat (1) atau ayat (5) jo Pasal 29 ayat (1) Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 4 Tahun 2017 jo Peraturan Gubernur Bali Nomor 37 Tahun 2018, namun Majelis Hakim memberikan  sanksi Pidana selama 8 (delapan) bulan dan denda sebesar Rp. 15.000.000,00 (lima belas juta rupiah)
Universal Model of Organizational System
Authors: ĆWIK Bogdan
Published: March 2021

The basic premise of the article is that the reality surrounding all systems has been constituted by collections of various organizations that interact in various forms. These organizations change, evolve, develop and often fail. A feature of modern reality is the one that the organizations which create it, function in non-deterministic situations, mainly in risky or uncertain situations.
Areas of Modern Trade Policy Versus Economic Security
Authors: DRELICH-SKULSKA Bogusława , Domiter Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

The concept of economic security is not new. However, the awareness that the economic factor contributes to state security, or even constitutes its significant part, has been associated with the evolution of international relations throughout history. The following article identifies and describes the controversies and dilemmas arising from the economic security in conditions of the current growth of the world’s economy.
Changes in Public Entities Caused by the Crisis. A Case Study of the Polish Public Prosecutor’s Office
Authors: SUS Aleksandra , ŚWIĘTALSKA Ewelina
Published: March 2021

Public organizations are in a state of crisis at the moment of significant institutional changes in their structures (Boin and t’Hart, in: Wagnedaar, 2000, pp. 9-31), and the greater the number of people affected - the more the crisis in the organization is felt. In connection with the ordinance of the Minister of Health of 13 March 2020 (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 433), announcing the state of epidemic threat in the territory of the Republic of Poland, common units of the prosecutor's office faced a new challenge regarding a quick and effective response to crimes arising in connection with the use of the state of emergency for unlawful purposes.
Poland’s Catching-up Process in the European Union against the Background of Other Visegrad Countries
Authors: MUCHA-LESZKO Bogumila , K. KAKOL Magdalena
Published: March 2021

The aim of the assessment in the paper is to verify a hypothesis, constructed by theorists of international economics, that regional integration is an opportunity for the caching-up countries to accelerate growth as well as diminish the economic and technological gap.
Potensi Tiga Jenis Kayu Tanah Gambut Sumatera sebagai Bahan Baku Pulp dan Kertas (The Potential of Three Peat Land Woods of Sumatera as Pulp and Paper Raw Material)
Authors: Rizqiani Kanti D , Aprianis Yeni , Junaedi Ahmad
Published: March 2021

The growth of pulp and paper industries has encouraged the expansion of the industrial plantation forests for pulp wood. The  exotic species planted for pulp wood initially maintained a relatively high productivity, however it decreases in the following rotation cycles.  The peat land wood species of Sumatera could be an alternative for exotic species. However, the insufficient information on the wood properties has brought about they are less considered. This paper examined the fiber quality of Sumatran local peat-wood and its possibility as a raw material of pulp and paper. For specific gravity, samples were selected based on three different diameter groups in each plot. Fiber properties (dimension and fiber derivative values) used to asses the suitability of the wood for pulp and paper raw material were determined in accordance with the method of the Forest Product Laboratory (FPL). The resulted data and information were compared to those of krasikarpa (Acacia crassicarpa Benth.). The results showed that the fiber quality of sekubung wood was classified into grade II, while gerunggang and mahang putih were classified into grade III. The specific gravity of gerunggang wood was higher than these of other woods and comparable to that of krasikarpa. Although the growth of Sumatran local peat-wood is still low, however, conformity with government regulations (Government Regulation Number 57-2016 and Ministry of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number 17-2017) and fiber quality, the local peat-wood could potentially substitute the exotic wood species.
Peningkatan Kerapatan Kayu Samama Melalui Pre-kompresi Asam Sitrat (Density Improvement of Samama Wood by Pre-compression of Citric Acid)
Authors: Rumbaremata Azis , Cahyono Tekat D , Darmawan Teguh , Kusumah Sukma S , Akbar Fazhar , Dwianto Wahyu
Published: March 2021

Samama wood (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil.) is a potential fast-growing species of Sulawesi and Maluku. This study aimed to increase the density of the wood through citric acid pre-compression. The temperature/time pressing formula and the optimal concentration of citric acid for fixation were also determined. Water saturated samples of (5x5x4) cm3 (L = longitudinal x T = tangential x R = radial) were pre-compressed at 100 °C for one hour to reach drying set. Subsquently, the samples were soaked for 4 hours in a citric acid solution of 5% and 10% concentration, drained and wrapped in aluminum foil before re-pressed at 180 °C for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes. Fixation was measured by soaking the samples into water for 24 hours at room temperature. The results showed that the moisture contents at fiber saturation point ranged from 33.15-33.94%, with density of 0.46 g cm-3 and oven dry density of 0.37 g cm-3. The L, T, and R shrinkages were 0.18-0.20%, 4.13-4.14%, and 2.53-3.10%, respectively; while the T/R ratio was 1.33-1.63%. Pre-compression can only be done at a compression target of 25% with compression level of 19.57-20.01%. Pre-compression increased the oven dry density of 17.11-20.13% to 0.44-0.45 g cm-3. After thickness recovery, the weight of the oven dried samples increased by 1.79-2.72% at the 5% citric acid concentration and by 12.04-15.25% at the 10% citric acid concentration.  Permanent fixation achieved at 180 °C for 50 minutes pressing time with 10% citric acid concentration.
Distribusi, Retensi, dan Penetrasi Bahan Pengawet Ekstrak Daun Tuba (Derris elliptica Benth) pada Kayu Kemiri dan Kayu Agathis (Distribution, Retention, and Penetration of Tuba Leaves Extract (Derris elliptica Benth) on Aleurites moluccana and Agathis Wood)
Authors: Syahidah Syahidah , Yunianti Andi D
Published: March 2021

Wood preservation is carried out to increase the service life of wood with low natural durability. Factors such as wood structure, preservatives, and methods of preservation influence the preservation processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate retention, penetration, and distribution of tuba (Derris elliptica) leaves extract into the candlenut wood (Aleurites molluccana) and agathis (Agathis sp.) wood structures. The wood samples were treated with hot and cold soaking. The duration of hot soaking were 3, 5, and 7 hours, while for cold soaking were 3, 5, and 7 days. The result showed that the highest retention of extract was achieved by cold soaking for 7 days at 9.4 kg m-3, and the lowest retention was achieved by hot soaking for 3 hours at 1.9 kg m‑3. The highest penetration occured by cold soaking for 7 days at 8.08 mm and the lowest was that with hot soaking for 3 hours at 2.81 mm. However, the distribution of the extract in the agathis wood structures could not be detected by stereo microscope. In the the case of the candlenut wood, the extract was distributed in the parenchyma cell.
Profil Suhu dan Kadar Air Kayu dalam Pengeringan Oven Pemanas dan Gelombang Mikro (Temperature and Moisture Content Profiles of Woods in Heating and Microwave Ovens Drying)
Authors: Priadi Trisna , Giyarto Gunes T W
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to evaluate the profile of temperature and moisture content in Pinus oocarpa wood being dried with heating oven and microwave oven.  The size of samples were (25x70x120) mm3.  The temperature profiles in heating oven and microwave oven drying were taken every 10 minutes and 0.5 minutes, respectively. The moisture profiles in heating oven and microwave oven drying were made in every 24 hours and 10 minutes, respectively.  The heating oven was set at 60 °C, while microwave oven was set for 2 minutes intermittently with 5 minutes break.  In microwave drying, the temperature inside the boards increased faster and higher compared to that in the heating oven, which resulted in a faster moisture movement to the board’s surface.  The drying rate of pine increased 48-72 times in microwave compared to that in heating oven.  The moisture content in the centre of boards being dried in heating oven was much higher than that of in the outer parts.  On the other hand, the moisture profile in the woods being dried in microwave oven distributed more evenly.
The Factors Influencing Women Entrepreneur towards Venture
Authors: Rajput Iqra
Published: March 2021

The study is mainly conducted to analyses various factors of socio economic factors that are influencing the women entrepreneurs in beauty parlor businesses. Research study is conducted through primary and secondary data, the study had mainly constructed on questionnaire interviewed of face to face women entrepreneurs in Hyderabad district that covered the main area of Latifabad and Qasimabad. Randomly survey method for sample had been selected for the research. Although sample had encompassed of female tycoons as of a variability of segments.
ANALISIS PIUTANG DAN HUTANG SEBAGAI FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI LIKUIDITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN LISTRIK MILIK DAERAH KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN
Authors: Irsan Irsan
Published: March 2021

Perusahaan Listrik Milik Daerah Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, PT Muba Electric Power (PT MEP) dengan usaha bidang ketenagalistrikan pada tahun 2017 memiliki Current Ratio dengan jumlah aktiva lancar sebanyak 2,5 kali hutang lancar atau setiap 1 rupiah hutang lancar dijamin oleh 2,5 rupiah harta lancar atau 2,5 : 1.

Pada tahun 2017 ini likuiditas perusahaan dikategorikan dalam kondisi sehat. Sedangkan pada tahun 2018 jumlah aktiva lancar sebanyak 0,7 kali hutang lancar atau setiap 1 rupiah hutang lancar dijamin oleh 0,7 kali harta lancar atau 0,7 : 1.

 Kondisi di tahun ini perusahaan dalam kondisi tidak sehat atau kesulitan likuiditas.Quick ratio ideal  rata-rata industri senanyak 1 kali, pada tahun 2017 quick ratio PT MEP sebesar 2,5 kali berarti sehat, sedangkan untuk tahun 2018 quick ratio sebesar 0,7 kali jauh di bawah angka 1 berarti tidak sehat.Faktor-faktor penyebab PT MEP kesulitan likuiditas, adalah jumlah piutang usaha yang tidak wajar dan  sulit ditagih, junlah hutang yang sangt tinggi terutama pada PT Daruma Mitra Alam  dan PT PLN tanpa diimbangi dengan jumlah pendapatan.
PENGARUH AUDIT DELAY, OPINI AUDIT, DAN AUDIT TENURE TERHADAP PERGANTIAN KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK (KAP) PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI PERIODE 2010-2015
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad , Sari Dian Apita
Published: March 2021

This reserach aims to analyze the influence of Audit Delay, Opin Audit and Audit Tenure on changes to Public Accounting Firm (KAP) in Indonesia. Some previous research on the change of KAP looks different results.Therefore, another study was conducted to re-examine the theory of the change of KAP.Data collection method used in this research is purposive sampling, that is sample collection method based on the criteria of the research objectives.  Pursuant to purposive sampling method, total sample obtained in this research is 240 samples from manufacturing company listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during period 2010-2015. Hypothesis testing in this study was done by using logistic regression method (logistic regression) in the application of SPSS 22 program.The result of the research shows that audit opinion influences significantly to the change of KAP whereas, audit delay and audit tenure does not significantly influence the change of KAP.
ANALISIS PENERIMAAN PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR JENIS ALAT BERAT PADA BADAN PENDAPATAN DAERAH UPTB KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN I
Authors: Ermawijaya Masri
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penerimaan pajak alat berat dalam meningkatkan pendapatan pajak daerah pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah UPTB Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin I. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menganalisis rasio efektivitas dan kontribusi. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer adalah data dari hasil wawancara. Data sekunder adalah data tentang target dan realisasi penerimaan pajak kendaraan bermotor jenis alat berat pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah UPTB Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin I.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas penerimaan pajak alat berat dari Tahun 2014 sampai 2018 berada dalam kriteria cukup efektif dengan rata-rata rasio sebesar 89,81% (standar : 80-90%). permaslahannya kurangnya sosialisasi dan sanksi/denda yang kurang tegas terhadap wajib pajak. Kontribusi penerimaan pajak alat berat dari Tahun 2014 sampai 2018 mengalami fluktuasi, dimana Rasio kontribusi pajak alat berat terhadap pajak daerah tingkat I pada Tahun 2014 sampai dengn 2018 dengan rata-rata sebesar 0,04% atau kurang dari 10% dengan kriteria kurang. Hal ini disebabkan masih rendahnya pemahaman wajib pajak tentang pengenaan pajak alat berat serta rumitnya pengurusan administrasi pembayaran pajak sehingga membuat wajib pajak tidak melakukan pembayaran. Langkah yang diambil adalah sosialisasi yang merata ke masayarakat, kemudahan administrasi dan tindakan yang tegas perlu diterapkan.
IMPUTABILIDADE PENAL A PARTIR DOS 16 ANOS. AVANÇO OU RETROCESSO?
Authors: Silva Talita Mirella Ferreira
Published: March 2021

Ter ou não a consciência dos próprios atos é algo que pode ser determinado, apenas, por aspectos cronológicos e biológicos, deixando de lado fatores psicológicos, sociais, educacionais e culturais? Essa é uma questão permeada por variantes antropológicas, sociológicas, culturais e históricas. É preciso começar propondo: como nasceram e como evoluíram as representações sociais da criança e do que vinha a ser o adolescente? O presente trabalho visita a polêmica acerca da redução a maioridade penal, atualmente, em voga na imprensa, por conta da proposta de emenda à Constituição em tramitação na câmara e no Senado. O artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica, desenvolvida numa perspectiva qualitativa, que se justifica por: a) os sujeitos são compreendidos com base nos seus pontos de vista; b) numa descrição dos fenômenos, tem-se claro que estes contêm o significado que o ambiente lhes confere. A revisão da literatura ampliou os referenciais, desvelando os principais argumentos que perpassam essa discussão. Buscou-se descortinar questões relevantes para a análise da viabilidade da redução da maioridade penal no Brasil, bem como fazer um paralelo entre os argumentos contra e a favor da matéria para a construção de um interdiscurso coerente. Aparecem, como resultado, pontos de vista arraigados no ideário coletivo que ora defendem a punição severa dos adolescentes, entendendo que punir seja sinônimo de educar, e ora postulam por sua proteção enquanto seres em desenvolvimento. Evidenciando que fórmulas milagrosas não se sustentam como resposta efetiva a um problema crônico e de causas bem realistas.
DINÂMICA DA PAISAGEM E PLANEJAMENTO LOCAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A ÁREA DO CRUZAMENTO DO INCHOPE/ MANICA-MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Silva Uacane Mário , Silva Pimentel Márcia Aparecida , Bernardo Camões Felizardo
Published: March 2021

A área do Cruzamento do Inchope, na província de Manica, em Moçambique é um entroncamento entre as principais rodovias nacionais, que ligam o litoral ao interior do continente, dando acesso aos países vizinhos como Zimbabwe, Zâmbia, Malawi. Por essa localização estratégica, a paisagem dessa área vem sendo modificada, pelas rodovias, atividade agrícola e processo de urbanização. Portanto, o objetivo desse artigo é analisar dinâmica da paisagem, nessa área, a partir do projeto de desenvolvimento dessa área, considerando o período entre os anos de 1980 a 2018. O mapeamento da área de estudo foi baseado em imagens de Satélite Landsat, com o apoio de procedimentos convencionais. Para tal, elaboraram-se mapas de uso e cobertura de terra dos anos 1980,1990, 2000, 2010 e 2018, através de imagens do satélite Landsat 5 e 8, referentes aos meses de outubro, para os anos em estudo. As imagens foram classificadas para análise dos fatores da dinâmica da paisagem, que permitiram concluir que a partir do ano 2000, nesta área ocorreu acelerado processo de povoamento, embora com um deficiente ordenamento territorial. Neste contexto, percebeu-se que há necessidade de planejamento local eficiente para melhor gestão dos ecossistemas naturais e acomodação de novos processos de reabilitação e ampliação dos eixos viários que se apresentam nessa área.
OS EFEITOS DO CAPITAL SOCIAL NA POBREZA: EVIDÊNCIAS PARA O NORDESTE E SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Lopes Ribeiro Lilian , Souza Braz Marleton , Rodrigues Sousa Antonia Márcia
Published: March 2021

O artigo analisa o impacto do capital social na pobreza de duas distintas regiões - o Nordeste e o Sul do Brasil - para o ano de 2014, utilizando uma medida de capital social composta por dezenove variáveis relacionadas a participação do indivíduo em associações e à confiança atribuída às pessoas, construída por meio dos componentes principais. Para tanto, estimou-se o modelo logit ordenado, seguido de seus efeitos marginais. Os resultados demonstraram que o capital social contribui para o aumento de renda em ambas as regiões e que essa contribuição é mais sentida na renda dos indivíduos mais pobres e residentes na região Nordeste. Conclui-se também que, com exceção da variável educação para a região Sul, o capital social se mostrou mais eficiente na geração de renda que as demais variáveis consideradas no estudo. Nesse sentido, salienta-se a importância do capital social na redução da pobreza, principalmente no momento atual de pandemia do novo coronavírus.
LiSBOA (LiDAR Statistical Barnes Objective Analysis) for optimal design of lidar scans and retrieval of wind statistics – Part 1: Theoretical framework
Authors: Letizia Stefano , Zhan Lu , Iungo Giacomo Valerio
Published: March 2021

Abstract. A LiDAR Statistical Barnes Objective Analysis (LiSBOA) for the optimal design of lidar scans and retrieval of the velocity statistical moments is proposed. LiSBOA represents an adaptation of the classical Barnes scheme for the statistical analysis of unstructured experimental data in N-dimensional space, and it is a suitable technique for the evaluation over a structured Cartesian grid of the statistics of scalar fields sampled through scanning lidars. LiSBOA is validated and characterized via a Monte Carlo approach applied to a synthetic velocity field. This revisited theoretical framework for the Barnes objective analysis enables the formulation of guidelines for the optimal design of lidar experiments and efficient application of LiSBOA for the postprocessing of lidar measurements. The optimal design of lidar scans is formulated as a two-cost-function optimization problem, including the minimization of the percentage of the measurement volume not sampled with adequate spatial resolution and the minimization of the error on the mean of the velocity field. The optimal design of the lidar scans also guides the selection of the smoothing parameter and the total number of iterations to use for the Barnes scheme. LiSBOA is assessed against a numerical data set generated using the virtual lidar technique applied to the data obtained from a large eddy simulation (LES). The optimal sampling parameters for a scanning Doppler pulsed wind lidar are retrieved through LiSBOA, and then the estimated statistics are compared with those of the original LES data set, showing a maximum error of about 4 % for both mean velocity and turbulence intensity.
Characterizing the origins of dissolved organic carbon in coastal seawater using stable carbon isotope and light absorption characteristics
Authors: Han Heejun , Hwang Jeomshik , Kim Guebuem
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In order to determine the origins of dissolved organic matter (DOM) occurring in the seawater of Sihwa Lake, we measured the stable carbon isotope ratios of dissolved organic carbon (DOC-δ13C) and the optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) of DOM in two different seasons (March 2017 and September 2018). Sihwa Lake is enclosed by a dike along the western coast of South Korea, and the water is exchanged with the Yellow Sea twice a day through the sluice gates. The DOC concentrations were generally higher in lower-salinity waters in both periods, and excess of DOC was also observed in 2017 in high-salinity waters. Here, the excess DOC represents any DOC concentrations higher than those in the incoming open-ocean seawater. The excess DOC occurring in the lower-salinity waters originated mainly from marine sediments of tidal flats, based on the DOC-δ13C values (-20.7±1.2 ‰) and good correlations among the DOC, humic-like fluorescent DOM (FDOMH), and NH4+ concentrations. However, the origins of the excess DOC observed in 2017 appear to be from two different sources: one mainly from marine sources such as biological production based on the DOC-δ13C values (−19.1 ‰ to −20.5 ‰) and the other mainly from terrestrial sources by land–seawater interactions based on its depleted DOC-δ13C values (−21.5 ‰ to −27.8 ‰). This terrestrial DOM source observed in 2017 was likely associated with DOM on the reclaimed land, which experienced extended exposure to light and bacterial degradation as indicated by the higher spectral slope ratio (SR) of light absorbance and no concurrent increases in the FDOMH and NH4+ concentrations. Our study demonstrates that the combination of these biogeochemical tools can be a powerful tracer of DOM sources and characteristics in coastal environments.
An observation-based evaluation and ranking of historical Earth system model simulations in the northwest North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Laurent Arnaud , Fennel Katja , Kuhn Angela
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Continental shelf regions in the ocean play an important role in the global cycling of carbon and nutrients, but their responses to global change are understudied. Global Earth system models (ESMs), as essential tools for building understanding of ocean biogeochemistry, are used extensively and routinely for projections of future climate states; however, their relatively coarse spatial resolution is likely not appropriate for accurately representing the complex patterns of circulation and elemental fluxes on the shelves along ocean margins. Here, we compared 29 ESMs used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s Assessment Reports (ARs) 5 and 6 and a regional biogeochemical model for the northwest North Atlantic (NWA) shelf to assess their ability to reproduce surface observations of temperature, salinity, nitrate and chlorophyll. The NWA region is biologically productive, influenced by the large-scale Gulf Stream and Labrador Current systems and particularly sensitive to climatically induced changes in large-scale circulation. Most ESMs compare relatively poorly to observed surface nitrate and chlorophyll and show differences with observed surface temperature and salinity that suggest spatial mismatches in their large-scale current systems. Model-simulated nitrate and chlorophyll compare better with available observations in AR6 than in AR5, but none of the models perform equally well for all four parameters. The ensemble means of all ESMs, and of the five best-performing ESMs, strongly underestimate observed chlorophyll and nitrate. The regional model has a much higher spatial resolution and reproduces the observations significantly better than any of the ESMs. It also simulates reasonably well vertically resolved observations from gliders and bi-monthly ship-based monitoring observations. A ranking of the ESMs indicates that only one ESM has good and consistent performance for all variables. An additional evaluation of the ESMs along the regional model boundaries shows larger variability but is generally consistent with the ranking on the shelf. Overall, 11 ESMs were deemed satisfactory for use in the NWA, either directly or for regional downscaling.