bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notch signaling is a novel regulator of visceral smooth muscle cell differentiation in the murine ureter
Authors: Kurz Jennifer , Weiss Anna-Carina , Thiesler Hauke , Qasrawi Fairouz , Deuper Lena , Kaur Jaskiran , Rudat Carsten , Lüdtke Timo H. , Wojahn Irina , Hildebrandt Herbert , Trowe Mark-Oliver , Kispert Andreas
Published: February 2022

The contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is transcriptionally controlled by a complex of the DNA-binding protein SRF and the transcriptional co-activator MYOCD. The pathways that activate expression of Myocd and of SMC structural genes in mesenchymal progenitors are diverse, reflecting different intrinsic and extrinsic signaling inputs. Taking the ureter as a model, we analyzed whether Notch signaling, a pathway previously implicated in vascular SMC development, also affects visceral SMC differentiation. We show that mice with a conditional deletion of the unique Notch mediator RBPJ in the undifferentiated ureteric mesenchyme exhibit altered ureter peristalsis with a delayed onset, and decreased contraction frequency and intensity at fetal stages. They also develop hydroureter 2 weeks after birth. Notch signaling is required for precise temporal activation of Myocd expression and, independently, for expression of a group of late SMC structural genes. Based on additional expression analyses, we suggest that a mesenchymal JAG1-NOTCH2/NOTCH3 module regulates visceral SMC differentiation in the ureter in a biphasic and bimodal manner, and that its molecular function differs from that in the vascular system.
Distrust and power in intergroup relations
Authors: Ντάνη Σπυριδούλα
Published: February 2022

Στόχος της διατριβής είναι η κοινωνικοψυχολογική μελέτη των διεθνών συγκρούσεων. Ακολουθώντας τη θέση της θεωρίας των Κοινωνικών Αναπαραστάσεων (Clemence, 2001; Doise, 1993; Lorenzi-Cioldi and Clemence, 2001; Moscovici, 1961/1976, 2001) οι διεθνείς συγκρούσεις εξετάζονται εντός του πλαισίου όπου κοινωνικές κατηγορίες παράγονται και γίνονται αντικείμενο χρήσης από καθημερινούς ανθρώπους. Η μελέτη της κοινωνικής αναπαράστασης της σύγκρουσης περιλαμβάνει τόσο τα κοινά στοιχεία που συνθέτουν το περιεχόμενό της όσο και πηγές ατομικής διαφοροποίησης ή αλλιώς διαφορετικών θέσεων σε σχέση με τα κοινά στοιχεία. Η έννοια της εμπιστοσύνης/δυσπιστίας προτείνεται ως βασικό στοιχείο της αναπαράστασης και η ισχύς ως στοιχείο ατομικής διαφοροποίησης. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν διαφορετικές μέθοδοι για τη μελέτη διαφορετικών πτυχών της αναπαράστασης των διεθνών συγκρούσεων. Σε αυτές περιλαμβάνεται ποιοτική έρευνα διερεύνησης του περιεχομένου της αναπαράστασης στην Ελλάδα. Για τη μελέτη της σχέσης ανάμεσα σε διαφορετικές επικεντρώσεις της εμπιστοσύνης/δυσπιστίας με την τυπολογία που προτείνεται από τον Doise και τους συνεργάτες του (Doise, 1986, 1993; Doise, Spini and Clemence, 1999; Spini and Doise, 1998; Staerkle, Clemence and Doise, 1998) χρησιμοποιήθηκε το πλαίσιο της σχέσης Ελλάδας-Τουρκίας με έρευνα ερωτηματολογίου. Τέλος, πειραματική έρευνα διερεύνησε τη δια-πολιτισμική κατανόηση της διεθνούς σύγκρουσης και το ρόλο της ισχύος σε αυτή.Τα αποτελέσματα αναδεικνύουν τη διάκριση ανάμεσα σε χώρες και κατοίκους ως διακριτά στοιχεία του κράτους, την ισχύ, τα σύνορα και την ομοιογένεια ως κεντρικά στο περιεχόμενο της αναπαράστασης της διεθνούς σύγκρουσης και παρουσιάζουν τα πολλαπλά νοήματα που λαμβάνει η εμπιστοσύνη/δυσπιστία σε αυτή. Ως προς τη σχέση ανάμεσα στις διαφορετικές επικεντρώσεις βρέθηκε πως οι πεποιθήσεις του πλαισίου διαμεσολαβούν τη σχέση ανάμεσα στις γενικές πεποιθήσεις και ταυτίσεις και την εμπιστοσύνη/δυσπιστία στο πλαίσιο της διεθνούς σύγκρουσης. Τέλος, επιβεβαιώνεται ο κεντρικός ρόλος της ισχύος στην κατανόηση του πλαισίου της σύγκρουσης, των αντίπαλων μερών και της εμπιστοσύνης/δυσπιστίας ενώ η διαπίστωση διαπολιτισμικών διαφορών ενισχύουν τη θέση για μια εντός πλαισίου μελέτης των διεθνών συγκρούσεων.
Policy Brief 3: Social norms, mental models and other behavioural drivers of petty corruption
Authors: Baez Camargo Claudia , Kassa Saba , Stahl Cosimo
Published: February 2022

This Policy Brief summarises the main findings and lessons learned from a research on corruption, social norms and behaviours in Rwanda. The findings show that, although Rwanda has successfully curbed corruption, favouritism continues to be used to secure preferential access to public health services.

While the Rwandan experience illustrates how behavioural insights can effectively complement conventional anti-corruption approaches, further entry areas for deepening behavioural anti-corruption interventions are also identified.
Policy Brief 5: Curbing wildlife trafficking in Uganda
Authors: Kassa Saba , Costa Jacopo , Lugolobi Robert , Baez Camargo Claudia
Published: February 2022

This policy brief summarises the main findings from extensive field research on the drivers, facilitators and strategies of wildlife trafficking in Uganda. It translates the insights described in Working Paper 33: A worm’s-eye view of wildlife trafficking in Uganda into recommendations for practitioners and policymakers.
The research shows that individuals engaging in the first stages of the trading route are driven predominantly by aspirations of wealth to overcome socio-economic hardships. This is reinforced by stereotypes that depict wildlife trade as benign and legitimate.
The trafficking is also facilitated by weak governance systems that generate high levels of corruption and impunity. In such a context, opportunistic strategies sustain the operations of organised transnational wildlife trafficking networks, not least because of the availability of a ready pool of accomplices who can be co-opted to facilitate the effective consolidation, concealment and corrupt cover of high volumes of wildlife products.
Policymakers who wish to reduce the attractiveness of Uganda for organised wildlife trafficking networks are advised to consider these factors when designing their interventions.
This report was funded by PMI IMPACT, a grant award initiative of Philip Morris International (PMI). In the performance of their research, the authors maintained full independence from PMI. The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of PMI. Neither PMI, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained herein.
Policy Brief 8: It takes a network to defeat a network – What Collective Action practitioners can learn from research into corrupt networks
Authors: Baez Camargo Claudia , Costa Jacopo , Hans Vanessa , Koechlin Lucy , Wannenwetsch Scarlet
Published: February 2022

This Policy Brief distils recommendations for Collective Action practitioners based on empirical insights on certain forms of corruption involving private-sector actors.

Field research carried out in Tanzania and Uganda produced detailed case studies that show how informal networks link private and public sector actors to pursue common illicit goals, such as gaining an unfair business advantage, avoiding a sanction, decreasing taxes owed or jumping the queue at the point of delivery of public services. Corruption, most often bribery, is the currency that works to cement and nurture those networks.

This Policy Brief is based on that research and a series of in-depth interviews with Collective Action practitioners working in Africa, Eastern Europe and Latin America. The goal is to extract insights from what we have learned about the networks that fuel corruption and discuss implications for anti-corruption Collective Action initiatives.
Policy Brief 9: Informal networks and what they mean for anti-corruption practice
Authors: Baez Camargo Claudia , Costa Jacopo , Kassa Saba
Published: February 2022

Corruption is frequently associated with money alone and the behaviours of a few individual “bad apples” operating in otherwise healthy governance systems. This is too simplistic. As the latest research shows, including research in Tanzania and Uganda on which this Policy Brief is based, corruption is a networked phenomenon. This Policy Brief explains what this means and its implications for anti-corruption practice.

When ordinary citizens and business people face problems, like constrained access to public services or an uneven playing field, they invest time, effort and resources in building informal networks.

Held together by personal connections and corrupt payments, these informal networks are a problem-solving mechanism. They allow members – such as business people, other citizens and public officials – to pursue a variety of goals. The networks aid in easing access to public services, for example, or helping a business to run smoothly, or securing business opportunities with the government. Informal networks can be leveraged to speed up long and complicated permit processes or exploit weaknesses in formal tender processes to obtain undue access to contracts. When red tape is used by public officials to extort bribes from service users, informal networks can help manage and overcome these demands. 

In contexts in which these informal networks are widespread, the research shows that conventional anti-corruption measures, such as introducing more regulations, policies and controls, can actually backfire and increase corruption. 

Breaking this self-reinforcing cycle of networked corruption requires a shift in thinking and approaches:

Focusing on networked corruption as opposed to individual corrupt behaviours.

Tackling corruption both from the demand and the supply side by addressing inefficiencies and weaknesses in public systems that cause problems for ordinary citizens and business people. This may make it less likely that they will resort to corruption through informal networks to overcome the public service weaknesses.

Harnessing informal networks for anti-corruption objectives. This includes leveraging new insights into social norms and networks and establishing Collective Action initiatives to better target the underlying drivers of corruption.

This Policy Brief presents findings from a research project entitled “Harnessing informality: Designing anti-corruption network interventions and strategic use of legal instruments”, funded by UK Aid as part of the Global Integrity Anti-Corruption Evidence Programme (GI-ACE).
Inhibition of vacuum sublimation artefacts for (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy ((S)TEM) of sulphur samples via encapsulation
Authors: Ronan Oskar , Downing Clive , Nicolosi Valeria
Published: February 2022

Lithium-sulfur battery is one of promising candidates for next-generation energy storage device due to the sulfur cathode material with low cost and nontoxicity, and super high theoretical energy density (nearly 2600Wh kg−1) and specific energy (2567Wh kg−1).

Sulphur, however, poses a few interesting challenges before it can gain widespread utilisation. The biggest issue is known as the polysulphide shuttling effect which contributes to rapid capacity loss after cycling. Accurate characterisation of sulphur cathodic materials becomes critical to our understanding polysulphide shuttling effect in the quest of finding mitigating solutions. Electron microscopy is playing a crucial role in battery research in determining structure–property–function relations. However, sulphur undergoes sublimation at a point above the typical pressures found in the column of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at room temperature. This makes the imaging and characterisation of any sort of nanostructured sulphur samples challenging, as the material will be modified or even disappear rapidly as soon as it is inserted into the TEM vacuum. As a result, materials characterised by such methods are prone to deviation from normal conditions to a great extent. To prevent this, a novel method of encapsulating sulphur particles between silicon nitride (SiNx) membranes is demonstrated in this work.
THE ECONOMIC CONSCIOUSNESS OF MODERN BUSINESSMANS
Authors: Pomazkova Elena V.
Published: February 2022

Background. This article deals with the topical issue of the formation of the type of thinking of a modern entrepreneur under the influence of political and socio-economic changes in the country.

The purpose of the article. To reveal the features of the economic thinking of Russian entrepreneurs.

Materials and methods. During the analysis of the influence of the modern market system on the formation of types of economic thinking of entrepreneurs, the features of economic perception that are inherent in Russian businessmen and socio-cultural signs that characterize the modern business environment are revealed. The article uses qualitative and quantitative approaches, the main of which is the method of thematic analysis.

The results of the study. The author proves that the effectiveness of the development of the Russian economic, social and political system largely depends on the quality of entrepreneurial activity. And this quality is primarily influenced by the level of economic thinking of an entrepreneur, which develops and transforms under the influence of historical and social phenomena in society.

Conclusions. Each society forms its own type of economic consciousness. It is greatly influenced by the prevailing form of ownership in the entrepreneurial environment and the level of development of the entrepreneur’s consciousness, its structure and dynamics within the constantly changing economic and social conditions of Russian society.
Nowoczesność, multimedialność, interaktywność jako istotne elementy współczesnego muzealnictwa.
Authors: Szarejko Sylwia
Published: February 2022

Artykuł przedstawia kolejne etapy powstawania największego i najbardziej nowoczesnego muzeum narracyjnego na Podlasiu, opisując proces w odniesieniu do współczesnej polskiej wiedzy muzeologicznej. W dobie intensywnego rozwoju instytucji muzealnych opisano także wybrane projekty, realizowane przez nowo powstałe Muzeum Pamięci Sybiru,  ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem projektów wykorzystujących potencjał nowych technologii.
Zarządzanie kolekcją muzealną na przykładzie projektu artystycznego Słony chleb w Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka
Authors: Franaszek Agata
Published: February 2022

Artykuł podejmuje temat zarządzania kolekcją muzealną na przykładzie projektu Słony chleb autorstwa współczesnej krakowskiej artystki Natalii Wiernik, który odbył się w 2016 roku w Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka. Współczesny projekt ukierunkowany został na pracę artystki z kolekcją i przestrzenią muzeum, których potencjał był inspiracją do stworzenia dzieł artystycznych. Wiernik, wykorzystując fotografię, video oraz działania performatywne, poruszyła zagadnienia dotyczące specyfiki miejsca, jakim jest kopalnia – muzeum, jego roli w ochronie wielowiekowego dziedzictwa górniczego oraz refleksji nad eksponatem muzealnym na przykładzie gromadzonej w nim kolekcji solniczek. Projekt Słony chleb pokazał, że kolekcja muzealna posiada ogromny potencjał, a jej właściwe zarządzanie i wykorzystywanie może przynieść bardzo pozytywne skutki dla instytucji muzealnej, jej odbiorców i pracowników.
Cztery spojrzenia na badawczy projekt muzealny na temat kolekcji syberyjskiej Muzeum Etnograficznego w Krakowie
Authors: Zych Magdalena
Published: February 2022

W artykule przedstawiono przebieg, metody i wyniki trzyletniego projektu badawczego (2016-2019) dotyczącego XIX-wiecznej kolekcji syberyjskiej z zasobów Muzeum Etnograficznego w Krakowie przekazanej przez więźniów politycznych, naukowców i podróżników. Autorzy omawiają, w jaki sposób współczesna wiedza wielu lokalnych ekspertów z różnych grup etnicznych (m.in. mieszkańców, hodowców reniferów, łowców wielorybów, pracowników muzeów, rodziny darczyńców) w połączeniu ze źródłami archiwalnymi może pomóc w zrozumieniu unikalnych związków między przeszłością a przyszłość takiego dziedzictwa i jego konsekwencje w naszym życiu. Po przeprowadzeniu badań kolekcja jest teraz dostępna w repozytorium cyfrowym wraz z materiałami dźwiękowymi i wizualnymi z badań terenowych oraz dostępnymi danymi archiwalnymi. Niektóre historie prezentowane są także na wystawie „Syberia. Głosy z Północy”.
Toward Global Food Security: Transforming OCP Through Analytics
Authors: Becker Adrian , Benabderrazik Kassem , Bertsimas Dimitris , Chtinna Nada , El Majdoub Nada , Mahboubi El Miloudi , Kitane Driss Lahlou , Kokkotos Steve , Mourtzinou Georgia , Rakhis Ilyas
Published: February 2022

Humanity relies on cultivated lands to feed itself and thrive. Fertilizers are responsible for 30%–50% of food production, and phosphate, the naturally occurring form of phosphorus, which does not have a substitute, is an essential component of fertilizers. OCP, based in Morocco, is the world’s largest phosphate mining and processing company and therefore plays a critical role in global food security. Over the past decade, OCP, in collaboration with Dynamic Ideas, an analytics consulting company, developed a mixed-integer optimization model to holistically optimize its entire sales and supply chain—from the mines to physical treatments, to chemical facilities, to inventory facilities, and to the port for global distribution. The optimization model brings clarity to a complex supply chain, informs management decisions throughout OCP, and has consistently resulted in an improvement of over 20% in earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) annually. This amounted to over $2.3 billion in the period 2015–2020 (23.6% of the cumulative EBITDA of $9.9 billion over this period). This incremental profitability has fueled OCP’s financing capacity; as a result, OCP is implementing a $20 billion capital expenditures (CAPEX) program. The first phase of the CAPEX program led to the doubling of OCP’s mining capacity and the tripling of its fertilizer production capacity. As a result, OCP increased its fertilizer production capacity by eight million tons in the past decade. The model enabled OCP to produce customized fertilizers that helped improve agricultural yields, which in turn led to increased food production, especially in Africa. The increased production of fertilizers and the availability of customized fertilizers have contributed toward global food security. By demonstrating the interconnectedness of all OCP businesses, the model contributed to creating a culture of collaboration, innovation, and entrepreneurship across the company while breaking the existing silos among departments. This transformation led to the establishment of an analytics-based problem-solving approach throughout OCP and a successful executive education class at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, thus enriching the university.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Restaurant Resilience: Lessons, Generalizations, and Ideas for Future Research
Authors: Karniouchina Kate , Sarangee Kumar , Theokary Carol , Kübler Raoul
Published: February 2022

Pandemics cause business disruptions that have serious implications for the design and delivery of services, leading to adverse performance consequences for services industries. Focusing on the restaurant industry, the authors present a conceptual framework of restaurants’ resilience during a pandemic that is grounded in existing services and strategy research, secondary and qualitative sources, and insights obtained from social media data. This framework is tested via an empirical analysis of the Yelp COVID-19 data set. Several interesting trends in consumer preferences are identified including a rapid shift toward third-party app delivery models. Surprisingly, the analysis shows that partnering with third-party app delivery services before COVID improved firms’ resilience, whereas during the pandemic, these partnerships have a negative impact on restaurant survival. Furthermore, the study documents some important differences between the drivers of restaurant survival before versus during the pandemic, highlighting critical changes in consumer preferences that may shape the industry in the future.
Electric Vehicle Charging Station Search in Stochastic Environments
Authors: Guillet Marianne , Hiermann Gerhard , Kröller Alexander , Schiffer Maximilian
Published: February 2022

Electric vehicles are a central component of future mobility systems as they promise to reduce local noxious and fine dust emissions, as well as CO2 emissions, if fed by clean energy sources. However, the adoption of electric vehicles so far fell short of expectations despite significant governmental incentives. One reason for this slow adoption is the drivers’ perceived range anxiety, especially for individually owned vehicles. Here, bad user experiences (e.g., conventional cars blocking charging stations or inconsistent real-time availability data) manifest the drivers’ range anxiety. Against this background, we study stochastic search algorithms that can be readily deployed in today’s navigation systems in order to minimize detours to reach an available charging station. We model such a search as a finite-horizon Markov decision process and present a comprehensive framework that considers different problem variants, speedup techniques, and three solution algorithms: an exact labeling algorithm, a heuristic labeling algorithm, and a rollout algorithm. Extensive numerical studies show that our algorithms significantly decrease the expected time to find a free charging station while increasing the solution-quality robustness and the likelihood that a search is successful compared with myopic approaches.
Education-and-development potential of conversational games and language portfolios as a means for forming a Ukrainian-speaking individual of a lyceum pupil
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Borys Hrinchenko Kyiv University, Kosmidailo Iryna
Published: February 2022

In the article, the effective use of conversational games and language portfolios as a means for forming a Ukrainian-speaking individual in the educational process of a lyceum are defined; the substantive content of a notion «linguistic individual», which is employed within the scientific community, is analyzed, and the content of the notion «Ukrainian-speaking individual» is considered within the framework of the issue under research. The substantive characteristics of the notions «conversational game» and «language portfolio» are reviewed. The theoretical foundations for introducing conversational games in Ukrainian classes are ascertained, the typology of conversational games is considered partially, and examples of games, aiming at forming a Ukrainian-speaking individual of a lyceum pupil, are provided. The expediency of introducing conversational games and language portfolios as a means for forming a Ukrainian-speaking individual of a 10th grader of a lyceum in the process of teaching Ukrainian is substantiated.
Students’ rhetorical competence: content, structure and ways of formation
Authors:   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Kukharchuk Iryna , Luchkina Liubov ,   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University
Published: February 2022

The article examines the formation features of students’ rhetorical competence. The essence of rhetorical competence as the individual ability to rhetorical activity in order to realize himself in professional and socio-cultural life is revealed. The methodological scholars’ views on the content and structure of rhetorical competence are presented. Based on the analysis of works on the research topic it is identified the main rhetorical competence components: motivational component (awareness of the importance of rhetorical activity in future personal life and professional development, students’ readiness and ability to perform rhetorical activities successfully); cognitive component (systemic rhetorical knowledge that is basic for the rhetorical competence formation), activity component (rhetorical skills and abilities that ensure the rhetorical activity effectiveness). Methods of rhetorical competence formation are presented: methods of theoretical rhetoric study, methods of practical rhetoric study, methods of theoretical and practical rhetoric study. The exercises system of analytical, speech-communicative, creative character and rhetorical tasks is characterized. The gradual rhetorical competence formation through the application of tasks aimed at teaching the logical, linguistic and psychological and psycholinguistic rhetoric foundations is proposed.
Axiological bases of family education in modern Ukraine
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture, Tkachov Serhii , Tkachova Nataliia ,   H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the justification of axiological bases of family upbringing in modern Ukraine. It was found out that modern transformational changes in Ukrainian society controversial influents on the modern family, because they, on the one hand, contribute to the revival of traditional national values, and on the other hand - lead to disorientation of young parents about their own opportunities to raise a child in new conditions. In light of this, the problem of determining the value foundations of family upbringing in Ukraine is significantly aggravated. Based on the ideas outlined in previous author’s publications, it is clarified that the definition of axiological bases of family upbringing involves designing this process from the standpoint of the axiological approach, the substantiation of a set of leading values ​​that should be the basis for raising a child by family members, its implementation in practice. Family values ​​are a set of value priorities, ideals, moral attitudes, socially significant ideas about the role of the family, its main goals, functions in raising a child, about pedagogically appropriate ways of an organizing life and an interaction of family members, ensuring successful personal development of younger members’ family. As it was established in the process of scientific research, some experts express different positions on the creation of a system of values that should be the basis for modeling and implementation of family education in modern Ukrainian society. Thus, T. Potapchuk argues that the foundation of family education is the following groups of values: the values ​​of marriage; paternity values; values ​​of kinship. According to I. Bech, the key place in the system of family values ​​is occupied by the following: favorable psychological climate in the family; the child’s moral love for people; the child’s respect for another person; humanism of family relations; thrift of the child; the responsible action of the child; a creative activity of the child. The study concludes that traditional family values ​​have not lost their significance, because they allow the modern Ukrainian family to act as a bearer of domestic spiritual traditions. However, today there are alternative models of fatherhood, so family values, like the family itself, are constantly evolving.
Comprehensive assistance for children with special educational needs in the inclusive-resource center
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Grigorieva Inna , Makarenko Iryna ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: February 2022

The article examines the current state of education, which is characterized by an intensive search for effective forms of humanization of educational activities. The problems of preschool children with organic lesions of the central nervous system during their transition to the school environment were analyzed. The process of medical, psychological and pedagogical assistance to children with health problems and their parents in an inclusive resource center was disclosed. In accordance with the object, subject and purpose of the study, the tasks of the study are determined. The program of comprehensive assistance to children to prevent social maladjustment of the child was considered and analyzed. As part of a comprehensive program, an analysis of the multifaceted impact on the child was carried out, organized by the efforts of a defectologist, social teacher, psychologist and speech therapist. The main tasks in the correctional work of psychologists and social educators were considered. The main organizational forms of psychological and pedagogical work were revealed. Methods and techniques of work of a social teacher with a family were analyzed in identifying negative factors that disrupt the normal process of upbringing and development of a child in a family. Integration forms of work on the basis of an inclusive resource center were considered. Evaluating the speech therapy component of the entire correction process, a connection was revealed between speech disorders, impaired articulatory motor skills and the functionality of the hands and fingers. The main directions of speech therapy work were listed and the exercises used in speech therapy classes were considered. We examined some of the organizational aspects of the interaction of specialists within the framework of the program of comprehensive psychological and pedagogical assistance to children, identified their functions, determined the meaning and place of speech therapy correction in the structure of assistance to families and children.
Principles of management of development of system of advanced training of pedagogical and scientific and pedagogical workers (2000 – 2014)
Authors:   MI ", Babakina Oksana ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: February 2022

In the article the author analyzes the scientific and pedagogical, management literature, legal documents, within certain time limits, and describes the principles of managing the development of in-service training of pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical workers (2000 – 2014), namely: democratization of education, encouragement different views and consensus, incentives for professional development, social determination, humanization, continuity and prospects, cooperation, priority management, ensuring high quality educational services, regular feedback, continuous development, consistency, European integration. We see prospects for further scientific research in determining the principles of managing the development of the system of professional development of pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical workers in the period from 2015 to 2021.
Non-discrimination as one of the conditions of a safe educational environment of a modern educational institution
Authors:   MI ", Misiak Yuliia ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the topical issue related to discrimination in the educational environment of a modern educational institution. In modern society, issues of equal treatment of all people, ensuring equal opportunities and cultural diversity, and combating discrimination are increasingly emerging. It is established that the issue of discrimination in the scientific and pedagogical literature is considered in different aspects: discrimination in the field of labor, discrimination in the field of law, general theoretical properties of discrimination, causes and existence of racial discrimination, gender discrimination and ways to eliminate it. The article analyzes the regulatory framework on security and discrimination. It was emphasized that our state is no exception and is actively moving towards a tolerant and equal society. Researchers' views on defining the essence and content of the concept of «discrimination» have been studied. Different approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «safe educational environment» are analyzed. The information aspects of a safe educational environment are considered. It has been established that cyberbullying is one of the types of bullying, which involves brutal actions aimed at annoying, harming, humiliating a person using modern electronic technologies. The materials on safety issues in the educational environment, which are considered in legislative, normative-legal acts and educational-methodical manuals, are generalized. The characteristics of different forms of discrimination are given: indirect discrimination, direct discrimination, oppression. The article states that the teaching staff, administration and parents are the key resource for the formation and development of a safe educational environment in the educational institution. Therefore, in order to prevent violence and all forms of discrimination in education and to create a safe educational environment, it is necessary that each participant in the educational process has not only an idea of what is considered violence, but also how to minimize risks and dangers and create conditions for internal security. This will be possible only due to the joint purposeful activities of all participants in the educational process who are professionals.
The main aspects of the development of digitalization of education in the theory and practice of pedagogy
Authors:   MI ", Prokopenko Alona ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: February 2022

The main aspects of development of digitalization of education in the theory and practice of pedagogy are considered in the article. It is established that digitalization of education is a large-scale process of introduction and integration of digital technologies and digitized information into the educational environment in order to directly use them and expand the communication capabilities of society in the field of education and more. The scientist found out that today the process of digitalization of education and all branches and spheres of life is quite relevant, because it primarily concerns the introduction of new educational technologies, leads to the restructuring of the education system: generation of educational institutions of any level, distance learning. modernization of communication support, etc. The research notes that the dynamic development of new information and communication technologies in education and innovation processes require the development of innovative forms and methods of interaction between theory and practice, and force people of different ages, with different levels of education to adapt to their use both in everyday life and in professional activities. The author substantiates that teachers, pedagogical workers, scientific and pedagogical workers and other representatives of the educational field should develop the ability to learn to use new technological tools and virtually unlimited information resources, own digital technologies and apply them in their professional activities and in everyday life. , which is an urgent requirement of today.
Multimedia technologies usage in the philology teacher’s professional activity
Authors:   N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Vlasova Valeriia
Published: February 2022

The article raises topical issue of the multimedia technologies usage in the philology teacher’s professional activity. It has been determined that under conditions of the Ukrainian society democratization essentially increases the importance of pupils’ spiritual and moral education, therefore the requirements to the quality of philological subjects teaching, which in this way have considerable pedagogical potential, considerably increase. One of the effective ways to solve this problem is to introduce modern multimedia technologies to educational process. It is specified that modern multimedia technology in the educational field is a software and hardware system that by combining various means of audio, TV, visual and virtual communications creates a compound informational and educational environment. It has been found that scientific literature offers different approaches to the multimedia technologies classification. Thus, according to the method of perception the context, visual, audio, audiovisual technologies are distinguished, according to the methodical purpose – demonstration, mentoring, training, controlling, reference, modeling, game, leisure. Each of the technologies mentioned has wide opportunities to increase the efficiency of philological subjects teaching. It has been established that while choosing a specific multimedia technology for a lesson by a philology teacher one should consider features of learning philological subjects by pupils, such as: object and subject of philological sciences is a personality; important result of the philological subjects context acquiring is accumulating the experience of expressing subjective emotional and valuable attitude to different aspects of human being; the process of philological subjects learning cannot be explained as a clear algorithm, because the holistic perception of an object is the reason to its understanding; the mentioned subjects learning by the pupils seriously influences their individual environment and motivates to self-improvement. It has been demonstrated that the scientifically proved multimedia technologies usage preserves the increase of the pupils’ development processes efficiency in reading, writing, listening and building language lexical and grammar skills.
Review: The role of local belief and wisdom of the Bajo community in marine conservation efforts
Authors: MAULIDYNA ANINDA , HARTAWAN BHEFIRA SYAFITRI , AGUSTIN HERLINA NOOR , IRFAN A.N. , SEPTIASARI ANISA , UTINA RAMLI , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Maulidyna A, Hartawan BS, Agustin HN, Irfan AN, Septiasari A, Utina R, Setyawan AD. 2019. Review: The role of local belief and wisdom of the Bajo Community in marine conservation efforts. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 11: 48-63. The Bajo tribe are originally sea nomads, living in eastern Indonesia, South Philippines and North Borneo. They are identified by their marine culture and sama language. They have similarities with the Orang Laut tribe in western Indonesia and the Moken tribe in the Mergui Archipelago in terms of exploring the seas. Today, most Bajo ethnic groups no longer wander on houseboat and live in a certain place, although they still preserve maritime culture, they have similar social and cultural features, including shared shipbuilding and fishing, traditions, beliefs and myths. The Bajo tribe who live from marine natural resources have a close relationship with the marine and coastal environment, so that it raises the values of environmental concern in maintaining the sea and coast. This study aims to determine the environmental conservation of the Bajo tribe based on their beliefs. The Bajo tribe is one of the tribal communities that manage, maintain and utilize marine biological resources based on cultural norms and values that have been institutionalized and attached to the Bajo community, and are maintained through social control based on their belief system. This belief brings the Bajo people to fear breaking the taboo or pamali that has existed since their ancestors orally and from generation to generation. The Bajo people have wisdom to protect the marine environment, namely corals, mangroves, and marine resources. They have a high concern for preserving coral reefs as a buffer for the underwater ecosystem, and they are very aware of the need to preserve the sources that are the basis of their livelihood fulfillment.
Burst-mode pulse interferometry for enabling low-noise multi-channel optical detection of ultrasound
Authors: Volodarsky Oleg , Hazan Yoav , Nagli Michael , Rosenthal Amir
Published: February 2022

Ultrasound detection via optical resonators can achieve high levels of miniaturization and sensitivity as compared to piezoelectric detectors, but its scale-up from a single detector to an array is highly challenging. While the use of wideband sources may enable parallel interrogation of multiple resonators, it comes at the cost of reduction in the optical power, and ultimately in sensitivity, per channel. In this work we have developed a new interferometric approach to overcome this signal loss by using high-power bursts that are synchronized with the time window in which ultrasound detection is performed. Each burst is composed of a train of low-noise optical pulses which are sufficiently wideband to interrogate an array of resonators with non-overlapping spectra. We demonstrate our method, termed burst-mode pulse interferometry, for interrogating a single resonator in which the optical power was reduced to emulate the power loss per channel that occurs in parallel interrogation of 20 to 200 resonators. The use of bursts has led to up 25-fold improvement in sensitivity without affecting the shape of the acoustic signals, potentially enabling parallel low-noise interrogation of resonator arrays with a single source.
Generating diverse functionalities simultaneously and independently for arbitrary linear polarized illumination enabled by a chiral transmission-reflection-selective bifunctional metasurface
Authors: Liu Tonghao , Meng Yueyu , Ma Hua , Wang Jiafu , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhu Ruichao , Wang He , Yang Jiaheng , Li Yongfeng , Qu Shaobo
Published: February 2022

A multifunctional metasurface is capable of manipulating electromagnetic waves and achieving kaleidoscopic functions flexibly, which significantly improves the integration and utilization of a single metasurface and has become one of the hotspots in electromagnetics. However, the majority of designs to date can only operate for limited polarization states in half-space and are difficult to show diverse functions at the same time, which restrict the widespread applications of multifunctional metadevices. Herein, an inspiring strategy of a chiral transmission-reflection-selective bifunctional metasurface is proposed to generate two independent functions in co-polarized reflection channel for left-handed circular polarized (LCP) incidence utilizing rotation-induced geometric phase modulation and in co-polarized transmission channel for right-handed circular polarized (RCP) incidence utilizing scaling-induced propagation phase modulation, and both functions appear concurrently under arbitrary linear polarized (LP) incident waves. To verify the feasibility of this methodology, three proof-of-concept metadevices composed of a dual-mode orbital angular momentum (OAM) generator, a bifocal metalens and an integrated metadevice of OAM generator and metalens are constructed and their performances in simulations and experiments are in good accordance with the theoretical ones. This exotic design of bifunctional metasurface will open up a promising way for multifunctional metadevices in engineering applications.
Assembly-level topology optimization and additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy primary mirrors
Authors: Yan Lei , Zhang Xin , Fu Qiang , Wang Lingjie , Shi Guangwei , Tan Shuanglong , Zhang Kai , Liu Mingxin
Published: February 2022

Additive manufacturing can realize complex structures that cannot be achieved by conventional manufacturing methods. At the same time, topology optimization provides more excellent solutions for structural design. In the field of guidance and navigation optics, ultra-lightweight, high rigidity, and high integration are important requirements. Metal mirrors are widely used in this field due to their good processing performance. In this paper, we describe the integrated design and manufacturing of aluminum alloy primary mirror assembly (mirrors and mirror backplane) through the combination of additive manufacturing technology and topology optimization. Compared with the conventional design, it shows better performance.
Is repeat serum urate testing superior to a single test to predict incident gout over time?
Authors: Stewart Sarah , Phipps-Green Amanda , Gamble Greg D. , Stamp Lisa K. , Taylor William J. , Neogi Tuhina , Merriman Tony R. , Dalbeth Nicola
Published: February 2022

Elevated serum urate is the most important causal risk factor for developing gout. However, in longitudinal cohort studies, a small proportion of people with normal urate levels develop gout and the majority of those with high urate levels do not. These observations may be due to subsequent variations in serum urate over time. Our analysis examined whether single or repeat testing of serum urate more accurately predicts incident gout over time. Individual participant data from three publicly-available cohorts were included. Data from paired serum urate measures 3–5 years apart, followed by an assessment of gout incidence 5–6 years from the second urate measure were used to calculate the predictive ability of four measures of serum urate on incident gout: the first measure, the second measure, the average of the two measures, and the highest of the two measures. Participants with prevalent gout prior to the second measure were excluded. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) statistics were computed to compare the four measures. A total of 16,017 participants were included across the three cohorts, with a mean follow-up from the first serum urate test of 9.3 years (range 8.9–10.1 years). Overall, there was a small increase in the mean serum urate between the first and second measures (322 μmol/L (5.42 mg/dL) vs. 340 μmol/L (5.71 mg/dL), P<0.001) which were a mean of 3.5 years apart, but the first and second measures were highly correlated (r = 0.81, P<0.001). No differences were observed in the predictive ability of incident gout between the four measures of serum urate measurement with ROC curve AUC statistics ranging between 0.81 (95% confidence intervals: 0.78–0.84) and 0.84 (95% confidence intervals: 0.81–0.87). These data show that repeat serum urate testing is not superior to a single measure of serum urate for prediction of incident gout over approximately one decade.
Essential role of pyrophosphate homeostasis mediated by the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Yang Xuke , Yin Xiaoyan , Liu Jiaojiao , Niu Zhipeng , Yang Jichao , Shen Bang
Published: February 2022

Many biosynthetic pathways produce pyrophosphate (PPi) as a by-product, which is cytotoxic if accumulated at high levels. Pyrophosphatases play pivotal roles in PPi detoxification by converting PPi to inorganic phosphate. A number of apicomplexan parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum, express a PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase (PPi-PFK) that consumes PPi to power the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate. However, the physiological roles of PPi-PFKs in these organisms are not known. Here, we report that Toxoplasma expresses both ATP- and PPi-dependent phosphofructokinases in the cytoplasm. Nonetheless, only PPi-PFK was indispensable for parasite growth, whereas the deletion of ATP-PFK did not affect parasite proliferation or virulence. The conditional depletion of PPi-PFK completely arrested parasite growth, but it did not affect the ATP level and only modestly reduced the flux of central carbon metabolism. However, PPi-PFK depletion caused a significant increase in cellular PPi and decreased the rates of nascent protein synthesis. The expression of a cytosolic pyrophosphatase in the PPi-PFK depletion mutant reduced its PPi level and increased the protein synthesis rate, therefore partially rescuing its growth. These results suggest that PPi-PFK has a major role in maintaining pyrophosphate homeostasis in T. gondii. This role may allow PPi-PFK to fine-tune the balance of catabolism and anabolism and maximize the utilization efficiency for carbon nutrients derived from host cells, increasing the success of parasitism. Moreover, PPi-PFK is essential for parasite propagation and virulence in vivo but it is not present in human hosts, making it a potential drug target to combat toxoplasmosis.