bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Has a national policy guideline influenced the practice of raising the topic of alcohol and breastfeeding by maternal healthcare practitioners?
Authors: Giglia Roslyn Carmel , Reibel Tracy
Published: June 2019

Globally, the public health recommendation for exclusive breastfeeding to the first 6 months of life is not being achieved by many low- and middle-income countries. Many factors have been determined to affect the early cessation of breastfeeding; however, little attention has been paid to the role of alcohol, an increasingly favoured commodity, particularly in these Westernised nations. Maternal healthcare practitioners play a pivotal role in a woman’s breastfeeding journey by providing timely advice that can help support continued breastfeeding. Maternal healthcare practitioners (MHP) from across Australia were invited to take part in a semi-structured telephone interview (n = 19) to elicit their knowledge of a national alcohol policy guideline on alcohol and breastfeeding, their confidence to provide information on this topic, and if they were routinely incorporating conversations on alcohol and breastfeeding into their practice. The results affirmed that the majority of MHP were not aware of the national policy providing direction for safely consuming alcohol during lactation and were not incorporating this information into their practice. This study suggests having a national policy guideline for safe alcohol consumption during lactation has not promoted awareness of this topic among MHP as a potential strategy to support long-term breastfeeding duration.
Hunter and New England Diabetes Alliance: innovative and integrated diabetes care delivery in general practice
Authors: Acharya Shamasunder , Philcox Annalise N. , Parsons Martha , Suthers Belinda , Luu Judy , Lynch Margaret , Jones Mark , Attia John
Published: June 2019

Evidence-based standardised diabetes care is difficult to achieve in the community due to resource limitations, and lack of equitable access to specialist care leads to poor clinical outcomes. This study reports a quality improvement program in diabetes health care across a large health district challenged with significant rural and remote geography and limited specialist workforce. An integrated diabetes care model was implemented, linking specialist teams with primary care teams through capacity enhancing case-conferencing in general practice supported by comprehensive performance feedback with regular educational sessions. Initially, 20 practices were recruited and 456 patients were seen over 14 months, with significant improvements in clinical parameters. To date 80 practices, 307 general practitioners, 100 practice nurses and 1400 patients have participated in the Diabetes Alliance program and the program envisages enrolling 40 new practices per year, with a view to engage all 314 practices in the health district over time. Diabetes care in general practice appears suboptimal with significant variation in process measures. An integrated care model where specialist teams are engaged collaboratively with primary care teams in providing education, capacity enhancing case-conferences and performance monitoring may achieve improved health outcomes for people with diabetes.
Arginine dephosphorylation propels spore germination in bacteria
Authors: Zhou Bing , Semanjski Maja , Orlovetskie Natalie , Bhattacharya Saurabh , Alon Sima , Argaman Liron , Jarrous Nayef , Zhang Yan , Macek Boris , Sinai Lior , Ben-Yehuda Sigal
Published: June 2019

Significance

Dormant bacterial spores can survive long periods of time, withstanding extreme conditions, but can rapidly resume a vegetative life form once nutrients become accessible. The key event of this revival process is termed germination, the earliest phase, lasting only for a few minutes, during which cellular awakening is established. Yet, the molecular events propelling this enigmatic phase remain unknown. Here, we revealed that dephosphorylation of Arg residues on key target proteins triggers germination in the model bacterium
B. subtilis
. We further demonstrate that Arg dephosphorylation of a ribosome-associated factor reactivates translation, whereas dephosphorylation of the major housekeeping σ factor reinitiates transcription. Our results provide a whole mechanism for spore awakening in bacteria.
Converting existing transmission corridors to HVDC is an overlooked option for increasing transmission capacity
Authors: Reed Liza , Morgan M. Granger , Vaishnav Parth , Erian Armanios Daniel
Published: June 2019

Significance

A sustainable electricity grid will likely need to move large amounts of low-carbon bulk power as part of a strategy to reduce emissions. That will require expansion of transmission capacity, and changes in the topology of the system, even as the use of distributed generation increases. In many cases, maximizing the capacity of existing transmission corridors may best be done by conversion to high-voltage direct current (HVDC). While typically not included in planning tools, such conversion is surprisingly cost-effective, even over relatively short distances, and, in some cases, may be the only way to achieve dramatic increases in the capacity of existing corridors. Conversion may become even more attractive as new solid-state power electronics become available.
Stability predictions of magnetic M2AX compounds
Authors: Ohmer Dominik , Opahle Ingo , Singh Harish K , Zhang Hongbin
Published: June 2019

Based on high throughput density functional theory calculations, we evaluated systematically the stability of 580 M2AX compounds. The thermodynamic, mechanical, and dynamical stability and the magnetic structure are calculated. We found 20 compounds fulfilling all three stability criteria, confirming Cr2AlC, Cr2GeC, Cr2GaC, Cr2GaN, and Mn2
GaC, which have been synthesized. The stability trends with respect to the M- and A-elements are discussed by analyzing the formation energies, indicating that Cr and Mn containing M2AX compounds are more stable than Fe, Co, or Ni containing compounds. Further insights on the stability are obtained by detailed analysis of the crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP).
Magnetic field independent shape of the zero-energy landau levels in a disordered T3 model
Authors: Yang Zhi , Chen Weiwei , Li Qunxiang , Shi Q W
Published: June 2019

Using the Lanczos recursion method, we exactly determine the shape of the zero-energy Landau level (LL) in a disordered T
3 lattice under a strong magnetic field. We discover that the shape of the zero-energy LL depends on the distribution of disorder, but is independent of magnetic field strength. Our analytical study attributes this intriguing behavior to the macroscopic and magnetic field independent degeneracy owing to the existence of the flat band. Moreover, our simulations unravel that the density of states obeys an unconventional scaling law, leading to the fact that the relation between the magnetoconductivity and the carrier density is independent of the disorder strength.
Problems of Utilization of Industrial and Consumer Waste in the Rostov Region
Authors: Ivanova D G , Ivanova O E , Sukhinin S A
Published: June 2019

The problem of utilization of production and consumption wastes is relevant for many countries and regions. Most sharply it is shown in regions with high concentration of the population and production. Such region in the south of Russia is the Rostov region. Formation in the territory of the Rostov region of large volumes of industrial and consumption waste is bound to the production specialization of economy of the region, intensive agriculture, high concentration of infrastructure facilities, dense population, prevalence of the cities. In the system of collecting and storage of a wastage in the territory of the region there are considerable shortcomings – the large number of dumps is used, there is no recycling of a wastage. These problems cause the necessity of searching of the new efficient scheme of salvage. As a way of a solution of the problem of a salvage in the Rostov region creation of 8 intermunicipal ecological waste processing complexes is considered. Parts of each complex will be solid waste landfills, the plants on sorting of garbage, the station on an overload of garbage and other infrastructure facilities on processings of a wastage. As a result, this project will allow to capture garbage removal all settlements of the Rostov region, to adjust processing of a wastage in secondary raw materials, to perform deep disinfecting of garbage and burial of its safe parts that will be significantly improved ecological by a situation in the region.
A Calculation of Volume of Explosion Hazard Zone and Explosion Pressure in Oil Storage Tanks
Authors: Kopylov P , Nazarov V P , Fedotkin D V
Published: June 2019

It is shown that for determination of tanks stability to explosion of gas-air mixtures it is important to calculate explosion pressure in dynamics (at filling or emptying of the tank) depending on level of filling. A method for determination of explosion pressure in the tanks is proposed, taking into account the dependency of the volume of hazardous area from time. It is shown that the formation of the zone of explosive concentrations is divided into three types depending on the ratio of saturated vapor concentration to the lower and upper flammability limits, and for RVS-5000 tanks the type II is characteristic. The results of calculations of explosion pressure from the time of evaporation taking into account the volume of explosion-hazardous area for a tank of 5000 m3 are presented.
Modeling Convective Heat Transfer in Subduction Zone
Authors: Solovjev S , Popova T M
Published: June 2019

The results of mathematical modeling convection of lithospheric plate in a subduction zone are given. Driven lithospheric plate collides with a continental plate and is immersed in mantle. The gravitational acceleration changed under the linear law. As a result of the numerical decision of a task the fields of temperature, velocity, stream function, vortex and local Nusselt number at the upper and lower border of calculating area were received.
Substantiation of the Draghead Application as a Mining Unit in Conditions of Solid Minerals Deep-Sea Mining
Authors: Serzhan S L , Trufanova I S , Malevannyi D V
Published: June 2019

Deep sea solid mineral resources (SMR) of the World Ocean, such as ferromanganese nodules (FMN), cobalt-manganese crusts (CMC) and the depth polymetallic sulphides (DPS) should become an alternative source of mineral resources in the near future. Reliable and productive complexes are necessary for the implementation of deep-sea mining on an industrial scale, which will be able to develop deposit with a minimum ecosystem load. So, the main problems in technological solutions are the collection or separation of SMR at the bottom and lifting them to the surface. As a technical solution, it is proposed to use a special construction draghead device for FMN and CMC collecting and separating from the bottom. The distinctive feature of the device is a vertical axis of rotation of the drive engine and the working body, which can be represented by a faceplate or a crown, the working element with the engine are concentrically inscribed in the casing with the catcher, which enclose the loosening zone, protecting surrounding water area from the turbulent mud and separated fractions. Nodules and crusts lifting using the draghead is carried out in the form of slurry through a pipeline.
Experimental Study of Behavior of Oil Spills in Ice Conditions
Authors: Efimov S E , Gerasimov A I , Tikhonov R S
Published: June 2019

To ensure environmental protection and eliminate oil spills in the Arctic waters, it is necessary to understand the processes and behavior of oil spills in ice conditions. The article presents the results of laboratory studies of behavior of oil spilled in ice conditions, as well as time temperature calculation of the water profile with the formation of ice cover after the oil spill. On the base of the results obtained, recommendations are given on oil spill response by mechanical methods in ice conditions. The distribution of temperatures along the water profile makes it possible to evaluate the state of the frozen oil lens and the possibilities for its extraction.
Cyclic Organization of Geological Environment: Permafrost Zone of Yakutia
Authors: Pomortsev O A , Pomortseva A A , Trofimtsev Yu I
Published: June 2019

High concentration of mining enterprises in cryolithozone in Yakutia can become the reason of economic loss because of climate warming anomalies. The paper deals with the investigation of the features of cryolithosystems reaction to climate change and search for a certain rhythmic ordering of climatic fluctuations and response to it of space-time shifts in cryolithosystems. According to the results of engineering and geological surveys carried out by the authors in 2001-2017, numerical modeling of series of average annual temperatures of the hydrometeorological station Yakutsk (Central Yakutia) was conducted by means of Fourier Analysis, wavelet Analysis and series autocorrelation analysis. Temperature fluctuations associated with 11, 22, 36. 48 and 72-year solar-conditioned cycles were detected. The wavelet analysis also showed the presence of less short-term periodic oscillations. A large cyclic temperature wave with a period of about 75 years is revealed. A forecast of the development of warming change in Yakutia for the coming decades is made. After a short decline in the rate of warming, intensification of its dynamics in the late twenties and during the thirties of this century, as well as in the second half of the current century cycle is predicted. Inertial processes in the permafrost zone will lead to its greatest destruction in 20-30 years after the accentuation of increased warming.
Mathematical Modelling of Ice-Structure Interaction
Authors: Tsuprik V G , Zanegin V G , Kim L V
Published: June 2019

Determination of the force effect of ice formations on the marine structure is based on a model of interaction with the edge of the ice field. The development of a model of ice failure accounting for the results of studies of the failure mechanism of the ice field edge with the surface of the vertical shape structure is presented. The processes of cracking and shear of different nature with the formation of large and small fragments are described with mathematical model. A criterion of the limit value of the accumulated potential energy of elastic compression of the ice volume before structure is proposed as specific energy of mechanical failure of sea ice. The values of this criterion, which takes into account all types of ice failure, are obtained experimentally by testing large samples of ice on dynamic crushing.
Toxic Effect of Fly Ash on Biological Environment
Authors: Kozhukhova N I , Lebedev M S , Vasilenko M I , Goncharova E N
Published: June 2019

Class F fly ash is non-demand mineral by-product from fuel industry that is stored in landfills polluting a surrounding territories. Content and composition of soluble mineral components in fly ashes from different power plants are varied in wide range. Leaching into fly ashes these component can differently effect on bioobject activity. In this paper correlation between pH-value of water extracts from fly-ashes, hardness of them and content of evapored mineral residue from the water extract was studied. It is determined the increasing of evapored mineral residue content corresponds to increasing of hardness and pH-value of water extracts.
Verification of Urban Heat Island Microclimatic Model by Using Thermal Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Saryschev D V , Kurolap S A , Popova I V
Published: June 2019

The paper deals with the thermal remote sensing data application in verification of Voronezh urban heat island model. We computed surface temperature layer and temperature variation layer for the warm season of 2015 on the basis of Landsat 8 TIRS scenes set. The values from those layers and the urban heat island layer at 234 ground control areas were compared. It validated the urban heat island model for built-up areas and showed the thermal differences for water and forests surfaces. To convert the real surface temperatures to urban heat island scores a regression model was computed. The study reveals that the thermal remote sensing data and the urban heat island model are complimenting each other in case of microclimatic studies in Voronezh.
Significance of Absorbed Natural Gas for Petroleum Exploration. Ukhta-Izhma Region Case Study
Authors: Krinochkin L A , Krinochkina O K , Stulov L G
Published: June 2019

The article offers a brief overview of geochemical methods for petroleum prospecting and testing results of the exploration method based on hydrocarbon gas content in soil. For interpretation of the materials a new criterion developed by the authors was used— the naphtide coefficient. As a result of the testing high efficiency of the method is confirmed and it lead to localizing prospects within the Ukhta-Izhma region. Use of this method can contribute to the expansion of the hydrocarbon resource base in the region and demonstrate petroleum potential of unconventional structures of the Timan ridge. Analog to this, structures of the Rocky Mountains thrust belt and other oil and gas-bearing regions in the world, might demonstrate unexpectedly high hydrocarbon potential.
The Concept of a Dew Collection Device Based on the Mathematical Model of Sliding Liquid Drops on an Inclined Solid Surface
Authors: Ziatdinov R , Nabiyev R , Kim H-s , Lim S H
Published: June 2019

Dew collection, and devices for such, may play an important role in regions of our planet that are arid and lack clean water. Usually, dew collection devices are represented as an inclined plane, which is a trivial topology. In this work, we first propose the concept a dew collection device with a helicoidal structure in order to increase its surface area, and we suggest taking into account Frenkel’s mathematical model of sliding drops on an inclined surface as the fundamental idea in designing dew collection devices. We also believe that in the future this mathematical model can be used to investigate the possibility of condensing liquid drops within other planets’ atmospheres that contain hydrogen and oxygen. Finally, we represent our concept as a three-dimensional Rhino model.
The Economic Feasibility and Efficiency of Complex Stock Development in Coal Deposits Operation
Authors: Shulyatieva L I
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the problem of efficiency gains in subsoil use and reducing natural resources waste in coal deposits operation. A technique to estimate the feasibility of developing coal deposits with complex bedding is proposed. An algorithm to estimate the effect of factors complicating deposits development and affecting resources extraction capacity is recommended. Provisions to improve the taxation system for coal mining under complex mining and geological conditions are considered.
Analysis of Energy Efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste Usage for Thermal and Electrical Energy Production
Authors: Shaburov E , Fedyukhin A , Derevianko O
Published: June 2019

This work presents a review of ecological map of Leningrad Oblast’ basing on established normative documents. It was established that the ratio of treated and utilized waste does not exceed 5-10% of the total material amount. This states for low degree of municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling. We have carried out analysis and selection of the priority way for MSW recycling. It was shown that usage of MSW as a fuel for thermal and electrical energy production economizes traditional fuel types (coal, gas, mazut). Also it serves for reduction of greenhouse gas emission. It was established that the most perspective method for thermal utilization is waste gasification. According to the world data, the efficiency for syngas production from gasification is about 70%. At this, the remaining portions are physical heat losses as well as chemical and physical energies of the generated tar. Gasification setup modeling was performed using Aspens Plus. The total efficiency of thermal and electrical energy production was 70.5%.
To the Safety of Small Reservoirs Ground Structures
Authors: Fedorov V , Vasilyeva E , Vyaltsev A V , Yakovenko E
Published: June 2019

There are several hundred low-pressure soil structures, which belong to the IV and III classes of building on the territory of the Russian Federation. In recent years, the maintenance of normal operation and the maintenance of dams in satisfactory condition has become quite an acute problem. The decrease in the water objects’ security level of this kind is due to the long period of facilities’ operation, the reduction of the maintenance staff, the complete or partial lack of project documentation in this field and even the absence of owners. The main damaging factor in a hydrodynamic accident is a breakthrough wave. The flow of water moving at high speed damages to some extent buildings and structures, floods vast areas, and in the event of a breakthrough in a large reservoir, it can lead to the death of people. This article proposes constructive solutions that improve the safety of low-lying ground structures, and thus reduce the risk of accidents and flooding of the underlying areas.
Entropy As an Assessment Factor of the Current State of Vessel When Approaching an Object of Maneuver
Authors: Fadyushin S G , Vereshchagina E A , Rudnichenko A K
Published: June 2019

The paper describes a method for assessing the current state of a vessel as an element of a complex dynamic system when approaching a mobile object. As an evaluation criterion, it is proposed to use the maximum value of the entropy of the “vessel – the object of maneuver” system with the equality of probabilities of possible states of this system. The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the classical methods of analysis and solving the problems of the vessel’s approach to the object of maneuver. Classical deterministic methods often prove ineffective if the object of maneuver performs unpredictable random actions in relation to the maneuvering vessel. Such objects include, for example, mobile shoals of fish or other vessels operated by inexperienced navigators. The purpose of the study is to justify the method of assessing the current state of the vessel when approaching the object of maneuver on the calculated deterministic trajectory. The solution of the control example confirmed the possibility of using the entropy of the “vessel – the object of maneuver” system as a universal estimation parameter of vessel’s current state when approaching an object of maneuver. The materials of the paper can be of practical and theoretical interest for specialists in the field of automation of ship movement control, navigators of merchant and fishing ships.
Methods of the Theory of Radiation Transfer for Bathymetry Problems
Authors: Sushchenko A A , Lyu E R , Kan V A
Published: June 2019

Based on the mathematical model of the propagation of an acoustic signal in a fluctuating medium, the inverse problem is formulated, which includes determination a function that describes the deviation of the bottom level from the average specified horizontal plane. In the double scattering approximation and the narrow directivity pattern of the receiving antenna, the solution of the direct problem is obtained. As a solution of the inverse problem, a nonlinear differential equation is obtained for the function describing the deviation of the seabottom relief. A numerical analysis of the solution is carried out.
The Suspension Characteristics Determining Method with the Help of Images Processing
Authors: Antonenkov D A
Published: June 2019

The article presents the developed method for determining the parameters of the bottom sediments that allow obtaining the express data on the concentration and size composition of suspended particles in water. The method is based on the use of high-speed photography of the aquatic environment. A special feature of the method is its operability under considerable dynamic activity of water masses and high concentration of suspended matter of terrigenous origin in the coastal zone. A brief description of the developed technical means design intended for the method approbation is given. The designed software operation principle is described, that allows determining the particles length frequency on the images and calculating the suspension concentration for a given volume. The method approbation results in a laboratory environment are presented.
The Models of Permafrost for Arid and Alpine Regions
Authors: Krass M S , Merzlikin V G
Published: June 2019

Stationary models of the thermal regime of permafrost taking into account water evaporation and ice sublimation within upper layer of soil are submitted. The results of Chinese researchers in mountainous Tibet and theoretical approach of Russian scientists for Northern Tien Shan are discussed. The thickness of the frozen rocks may reach an unexpectedly very large depth up to 100 m and more. Traditional stationary model of permafrost (Model Problem #0) was examined. The authors of the paper theoretically based the thermal regime of formation permafrost of cryolithozone in the highlands (two-stratum Model Problem #1). The new mechanism of formation of the thermal regime caused evaporation and sublimation processes in dispersed rocks in conditions of arid (high land) climate are suggested. Evaporation when filtering moisture in the upper soil layers is like heat sink. Then this process becomes the primary for the temperature field variations inside coarse clastic sediments. Additionally ice sublimation can increase heat dissipation in dispersed rocks. Three-stratum Model Problem #2 with a certain subsurface volumetric layer under frost desiccation was introduced. This soil layer being between the upper one of evaporation and the deep one of permafrost may generate a significant heat effect on the depth of freezing. Temperature minimum of the thermal system is formed in subsurface layer and cause heat sink into frozen soil depth. Numerical evolutions for the proposed models correspond to experimental data on the intensity of evaporation and sublimation for the surface and subsurface layers of permafrost, as well as the processes of cooling and freezing in dispersed rocks. This research will be in demand in engineering Cryolithology and Glaciology.
Using the Binary Transformation for the Characterization of Structure-Texture Boundaries of Mineral Multifractal Surfaces
Authors: Rusanova I
Published: June 2019

The possibilities of using fractal analysis for detecting atypical areas on digital images of feldspar (cracks, kinks, adhesions and structural changes) are investigated. The selection of texture heterogeneities and morphological features is carried out using the field of fractal dimension D, the self-similarity coefficient field K, and the measure field SRGB (triangle areas in the coordinate system of properties). The influences of the displacement step as well as the size of the scanning “window” are estimated. The proposed segmentation of digital images of minerals allows one to eliminate the regions with different ranges of fractal measure values and to describe complex multifractal surfaces of minerals taking into account the spectrum of fractal dimensions, because such fractals, along with geometric features, possess certain statistical properties. The application of the binary transformation of the obtained fractal measure fields to the selected threshold value revealed a sensitivity to a quantitative and qualitative description of the complexity of structural and texture boundaries of the surface. This fact which can be used to predict the results of the ores crushing.
Special Aspects of Modelling the Russian Federation Gas Industry in the Context of Market Transformation
Authors: Tarasov A E
Published: June 2019

Currently, the most environmentally friendly fossil fuel is gas. Russia occupies one of the first places in the world for gas production and reserves. A significant part of the gas produced is being exported as piped or liquefied. Lately, the gas markets conventional for Russia have undergone some rather major changes. Ukraine has almost left the CIS market and settled for reverse gas supplies from Eastern Europe. Nowadays, independent gas producers have access to the liquefied gas export channels. From this year on a number of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) states got access to this platform besides the Russian buyers. Independent gas producers are now allowed to sell gas on the commodity exchange to the EAEU states, thus also including piped gas into the exports. The European countries aspiration to diversify gas supply sources and the raging growth of renewable power result in the essential periodicity of supplies and demand growth at the gas spot markets. The article reviews the special aspects of the gas industry modelling under the conditions of market transformation.
The Influence of Electrolytes Composition on the Dissociation Rate of Natural Gas Hydrates Obtained in Model Stratum Waters
Authors: Kalacheva L P , Portnyagin A S
Published: June 2019

The study of the hydrates formation and decomposition kinetics in solutions of electrolytes is of interest due to the possibility of natural gas storing and transporting in a hydrate state, since the presence of impurities in water is inevitable under appropriate industrial processes. The kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions of natural gas hydrates obtained in model solutions simulating the composition and concentration of stratum waters of East Siberian fields are studied. These deposits are located within the Leno-Tunguskaya and Lena-Vilyuiskaya oil and gas provinces (OGP). The deposits of the Leno-Tunguskaya OGP are characterized by abnormally low reservoir temperatures and pressures (10° C and 16 MPa). The stratum waters belong to the chloride-calcium type, and by the type of the predominant cation either to the calcium or to the sodium subgroup of waters. The mineralization of stratum water can reach 400 g / l and higher. The abnormal high reservoir pressure is 36.3 MPa, the temperatures reach +66 °C for deposits of the Lena-Viluiskaya OGP. Mineralization of stratum water is from 40 to 180 g / l, there may be waters of chloride-calcium (subgroups of calcium and sodium) and sodium bicarbonate (subgroup of sodium) types. Therefore, hydrates of natural gas were obtained in model solutions of calcium and sodium chlorides, and also in solutions of sodium bicarbonate. The rate constants of hydrate decomposition reactions are determined by the Erofeev equation. The shape of the kinetic curves of hydrate decomposition depends on the type and degree of the model stratum water mineralization. The values of the constants n for the decomposition reactions of all hydrate samples are greater than one. This means that these reactions occur in the kinetic region, that is, the rate of hydrates decomposition is determined by the rate of physical desorption of the gas from the clathrate lattice. It has been established that the rate of hydrates decomposition increases with increasing mineralization, and it is higher in the presence of calcium chloride solutions than sodium chloride.
Coiled Heat Exchanger with Small Radius Bent Tubes for Controlled Heat Treatment of High Viscosity Waxy Oil
Authors: Karimov R M , Zaplatin A V , Tashbulatov R R
Published: June 2019

The necessity of using the controlled heat treatment technology of oil instead of «hot pumping» is substantiated. A number of advantages of the “cold” transportation of oil are presented, as well as the main tasks that need to be solved for the successful usage of the above technology at the trunk oil pipelines. The main drawbacks of the heat exchanging equipment used at the heating and pumping stations of trunk pipelines for non-Newtonian solidifying waxy oils. Particular attention is paid to deposition and accumulation of wax in the flowing part of the equipment as well as the possibility of their safe quickly cleaning. The use of domestic twisted steel heat exchangers based on small radius bent tube is proposed. Constructive advantages of the proposed twisted heat exchangers are compared with the traditionally used equipment - shell-and-tube exchangers with horizontal and U-shaped arrangement of pipes, fully-welded plate heat exchangers, as well as finning air cooling units. For comparison, such technical and economic indicators as heat transfer rate, per surface area of heat exchange, complexity of operation, maintenance and repair, reliability and structural strength under cyclic loads in difficult thermobaric conditions are adopted. The issues of using twisted steel heat exchangers based on small radius bent tubes at trunk pipelines objects are considered taking into account successful experience of application in other industries.
The Compact Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle with the Variable Restoring Moment
Authors: Bykanova A Yu , Storozhenko V A , Tolstonogov A Yu
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the development of the new small-sized high-maneuverable remotely operated vehicle. The main scope of the vehicle is survey of shipwrecks. The main feature of the vehicle is variable restoring moment achieved by the rotated ring with the ballast in the transverse plane of the vehicle. This feature augmented with low value of own restoring moment and the overactuated propulsion system consisting of four vehicle and four horizontal thrusters allows high range of maneuverability to be achieved. The vehicle is equipped with the built-in lithium-ion battery. This feature reduces tether weight and allows automatic emergency return functions of the vehicle to the coast station in the case of cable damage to be implemented. The design rationale of the vehicle and the systems integration diagram are presented in the article. The design rationale of the variable restoring moment mechanism is described. The software based on modern development of Institute of Marine Technology problem FEB RAS and Far Eastern Federal University are presented.
Probabilistic Approach to the Effect of Climate Change in the Meliorated Areas of Russia’s European Part
Authors: Cheremisinov A Y , Lomakin S V , Cheremisinov A A
Published: June 2019

Meliorated (enhanced) agricultural landscapes represent an evolution of traditional agricultural landscapes. They are based on nature-like nature environmental-engineering technologies. They are generally complex natural-anthropogenic systems structurally consisting of dynamic components such as climate, soils, water sources, and agricultural plants. From the standpoint of synergetics, each component is an open, non-linear (multivariant and irreversible), non-equilibrium self-organizing system. Climate characteristics are prone to the most drastic change while being of utmost importance for agriculture. Many scientists have found that climate is changing towards warming. In general, climate is a self-organizing system featuring considerable weather fluctuations while staying integral and able to exist in different variants. It is therefore extremely important to study such fluctuations as well as general climate change in different regions. It is this climate change that directly affects different aspects of regional economy. Of special interest are the forecasts of climate-related effects on meliorated land. Today’s weather forecasts are reliable within 5 days. This is why it is proposed to base forecasts on a probabilistic approach. Perennial historical weather data can be used to calculate and evaluate possible developments. Having a wide range of development computations, one can analyze these situations for other economic (economy-, environment-, or technology-related) purposes to choose the best option. Probabilistic research into the need for meliorated land in the European part of the Russian Federation has been carried out under a Grant of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (2017). We have developed various options for crop farming in the meliorated areas of European Russia for various climates (hot, normal, and mild climates; dry, normal, and humid climates). This approach can be used to generate other options or any combination thereof.
Model for Simulating the Temperature Conditions of a Sour Gas Cooling Unit
Authors: Krasnov A N , Prakhova M Yu , Khoroshavina E A
Published: June 2019

While being prepared for long-distance transport, gas is subjected to multiple cooling procedures that use air-cooling units. This is necessary for reducing the gas volume and preventing the gas from affecting the pipeline and the permafrozen soil where the pipeline is laid. ACU control systems are mainly tasked to sustain the necessary gas temperature at the unit outlet, which must provide sufficient cooling while also preventing the generation of hydrates in the ACU tubes. The ACU outlet temperature is the mean temperature, as temperatures of individual outlets might very greatly. Therefore, normal ACU operation requires a mathematical thermal field model that could be used to find the temperature at any point of the pipe. The paper proposes a thermal field simulation model that can be used to find temperatures at specific points of heat-transfer pipes as a function of the ambient temperature for any fan-vs-fan performance ratio. Experimental verification of the model showed good repeatability.
Assessment of Ecological Safety in Zones of Influence of Water Intake Technological Complex of Multipurpose Water Supply Systems
Authors: Larin D S , Bondarenko V L , Skorikova E A
Published: June 2019

The use of water resources in various types of economic activity (EA) of industrial and agricultural production, the generation of electrical energy at a nuclear power plant (NPP), the State District Power Plant (SDPP), a thermal power plant (TPP), a hydroelectric power station (HES), communal sphere, water supply and sanitation of urban households, etc. is inherently associated with existing and under construction new water intake technological complexes (“WITC”) . In the development of the class of natural-technical systems (NTS) “Natural Environment-Object of Activity-Population” (“NE-OA-P”) on the use of water resources in the multifaceted types of economic and other activities, giving the results of theoretical studies of a specialized type “NTS” in where the component “NE” means the natural water environment (NWE) of a water body as a source of the multi-purpose water supply system (MWS) of the objects of urban households, settlements, enterprises of the fuel and energy complex (TPP, HES, NPP); Under the “OA” water intake technological complex (WITC) is considered, which includes various for the functional purpose of hydraulic structures (HS) and devices for ensuring the selection of estimated water flow (Qm3/s) with an environmentally safe level of protection of the water environment of the water body in the zones of influence of the WITC and the functional work of the treatment facilities in the composition of the MWS; under the “P” is MWS that provides water of normative quality to specific water consumers
Principles of Ecological Monitoring of Agricultural Lands
Authors: Isaeva S D , Shevchenko V A
Published: June 2019

The article discusses the special aspects of ecological monitoring of agricultural land in current conditions. At the present day over 3.5 million hectares of the reclaimed lands in Russia are in an unsatisfactory meliorative state dial with secondary salinization, solonetzation of soil, erosion, flooding of lands with groundwater, etc. Monitoring is oriented to ensuring environmental sustainability of geological systems of river basins and landscapes to agricultural and water reclamation impacts. As the monitoring objects, reclaimed and adjoining lands, soils, underground and surface waters, reclamation systems are considered. The principles of ecological monitoring organization of reclaimed agricultural lands have been determined, an algorithm and technology for its implementation have been developed.
System Analysis and the Task of Ontological Modeling of Multimodal Transportation
Authors: Romanenko V E , Mokhov V A , Yarkin E K
Published: June 2019

The basic principles of synthesis and processing of information, laid down by Tim B. Lee and determined at the level of schemes, models, syntax and ontology dictionaries, have been further developed in the following study. Detailed study and formalization of specific areas of knowledge based on conceptual schemes in the basis of ontological engineering constitutes today the basis for the generation of modern knowledge and is the key to reducing the production of information debris. A comparative analysis of tools for constructing, comparing (analyzing) ontologies has shown the expediency of using the Protégé system. With the help of this tool, the authors implemented an instance of an ontological model of the domain of “multimodal transport” with a view to its subsequent application in the construction of appropriate multi-agent models.
An Establishment of Dependencies of Mutual Influence of Geological and Mining Factors on the Stress-Strain State of the Rock Mass
Authors: Shurygin D N , Vlasenko S V , Turbor I A
Published: June 2019

The production activity of the coal mining industry is accompanied by the involvement in the development of deposits, which are characterized by a complication of mining and geological conditions at a depth of 1500 m. The increase in mountain pressure at great depths leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the use of complex mechanized technologies of coal mining. This is due to the imperfection of the technologies of fastening and control of mountain pressure. The existing schemes of movement of mechanized supports were developed for use at depths up to 800 m and do not take into account the features of geomechanical processes in the rock mass at depths of more than 800 m. In addition, the known technologies of fastening and management of the roof do not provide the necessary speed of fastening of the treatment face at high speeds of moving longwalls, thereby causing the formation of large undefended areas of the direct roof and increasing the probability of dumping in the bottom-hole space of longwall.
Increase of Efficiency of Extinguishing of Rock Dumps on the Surface of Coal Mines
Authors: Versilov S O , Vil’bitskaya N A , Kurdashov V M
Published: June 2019

The most effective technical solutions have been those that provide for the supply of substances used for extinguishing to the combustion zone of the rock dump. When quenching rock on the rock dump is proposed injection (blowing) in a dry extinguishing agent, represented by crushed vermiculite (hereinafter referred to as the extinguishing agent), in pure form or in a mixture with alkaline substances. The problem of developing methods of extinguishing rock dumps, characterized by low cost and high efficiency, in the absence of additional environmental pollution is very relevant. The technology of suppression of waste rock dumps include the injection of suspended particles of vermiculite in contrast to the clay slurry or solution (suspension) of antipyrene. This allows to penetrate into the surface layer of the middle and upper part of the blade and insulate its lower part with non-combustible material.
The Pulsed Electromagnetic Field of Polarizable Conductive Plate and Its Integral Characteristic When Excited by a Vertical Electric Dipole
Authors: Nim Y A , Gogoleva L P , Illarionova M G
Published: June 2019

We considered direct problem of pulsed electrical prospecting, which is based on approximation model of a polarizable electrically conductive plate (plane S), according to well-known Cole-Cole polarization model. Vertical electric lines are used as a source and receiver of a pulsed electromagnetic field, which are relatively new receiving and generating devices in pulsed electrical prospecting and fairly easy implemented in marine search and mapping of oil and gas deposits, deposits of non-ferrous metals and other mineral and raw materials sources, especially in hard-to-reach and / or deep water areas of the World Ocean, e.g. under the ice of the North Arctic ocean, in Russian exploration areas, in rift valley of Mid-Atlantic ridge. We developed analytical model of unsteady electromagnetic field of polarized plane S, excited by a vertical electric dipole. According to the Pearson hypothesis and numerous experimental data, obtained by different researchers, the polarizability of the plate is a relatively new indicator of the oil and gas deposit, which is identified by EMF induction sign change. To increase the depth of the study, we present an analytical model of integral characteristics of the pulsed electromagnetic field of polarized plate, excited by a vertical electric dipole. In this case, the magnetic flux induction, as well as EMF, changes charge.
Waste Water Purification with Coagulants after Linoleum Colouration
Authors: Strelkov A , Shuvalov M , Tarakanov D
Published: June 2019

The paper focuses on the possibility of wastewater treatment which is produced when printing cylinders of linoleum production are being wash out with coagulants. Literature review shows that coagulation is the most appropriate method for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with acrylic paint. Studies on wastewater coagulation with iron chloride, iron sulfate and aluminium sulfate made it possible to determine the optimal dose of coagulant for purifying wastewater from acrylic paint. The conducted research made it possible to design a technological scheme of wastewater treatment from washing out of printing cylinders of linoleum production, and also to offer recommendations on purified water disposal.
Development of Methods for Instrumental Diagnostics of Control Devices for Fire Alarm Systems
Authors: Senkiv S V , Savoshinsky O P , Arakcheev A V , Tanklevsky L T
Published: June 2019

This article is devoted to the actual task for today - the creation of a methodology for assessing the operability of fire alarm systems. From the timely operation of a functioning fire alarm system, the effectiveness of measures aimed at localizing and extinguishing the fire and the success of the evacuation of people from a burning building depend. The article considers existing approaches to the assessment of the state of the fire alarm system and the requirements imposed on them both by domestic and foreign standards. The methods of fire alarm diagnostics developed by us on the basis of the “Gefest” GC are considered, and the corresponding software and hardware complex allowing to evaluate the operability of the elements of this system.
Working Out of Recommendations on Protection of the System of Artificial Snow Formation on the Slopes Elbrus Mount from Snow Avalanching
Authors: Kondratieva N V , Adzhiev A H , Bekkiev M J
Published: June 2019

The Elbrus region is the most popular recreational complex of Kabardino-Balkar Republic and of the North Caucasus in general. In perspective in the Elbrus region it is supposed to create 32 aerial ropeways with total spread of 54 km and productivity of 67 thousand people per hour, and 62 ski slopes with total spread of 108 km and square of 506 hectares. It is supposed to realize complex exploration of north-eastern slope of Elbrus – Dzhili-Su region (mountain-recreational and therapeutic complex “Dzhili-Su”). A wide variety of orographic, geological, climatic and physical geographic conditions of the mountainous part of Kabardino-Balkaria predetermine an active development of natural disasters on its recreational territories. The regions of location of existing and newly-created different routes and mountain-recreational complexes on the slopes of Elbrus due to their specific geographical position and natural conditions, are under the influence of dangerous glacial processes, in particular, snow avalanching. The area of the object projection “Reconstruction of artificial snow formation system, Elbrus mount” is also avalanche-risk one.
Bridge Agriculture as the Basis of Preserving Soiled Bioorganisms
Authors: Tchernyshev N I , Kiselyov E P , Sysoev O E
Published: June 2019

Scientifically based agriculture causes ensuring the increasing growth of productivity of crops at preservation and increase in fertility of soils.