bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I Felt Like . . . They Left Me to Fend for Myself”: A Mixed-Method Examination of Sense of Belonging Among Minoritized Groups in Sport Academic Programs
Authors: Kluch Yannick , Taylor Elizabeth A. , Wright-Mair Raquel , Boring Dakota
Published: August 2022

Drawing from Strayhorn’s model of educational sense of belonging and Vaccaro and Newman’s model of belonging for privileged and minoritized students, this study utilized a mixed-method approach to examine to what extent students from minoritized groups feel like they belong in the sport management classroom. Significant differences in sense of belonging were found based on visible identities such as gender or race. In addition, our qualitative data revealed five higher-order themes that positively or negatively impacted students’ sense of belonging across identity groups: (a) representation, (b) community, (c) support, (d) accomplishments, and (e) academic and professional experience. Limitations, implications, and directions for future research are discussed.
A conserved Bacteroidetes antigen induces anti-inflammatory intestinal T lymphocytes
Authors: Bousbaine Djenet , Fisch Laura I. , London Mariya , Bhagchandani Preksha , Rezende de Castro Tiago B. , Mimee Mark , Olesen Scott , Reis Bernardo S. , VanInsberghe David , Bortolatto Juliana , Poyet Mathilde , Cheloha Ross W. , Sidney John , Ling Jingjing , Gupta Aaron , Lu Timothy K. , Sette Alessandro , Alm Eric J. , Moon James J. , Victora Gabriel D. , Mucida Daniel , Ploegh Hidde L. , Bilate Angelina M.
Published: August 2022

The microbiome contributes to the development and maturation of the immune system. In response to commensal bacteria, intestinal CD4
+
T lymphocytes differentiate into functional subtypes with regulatory or effector functions. The development of small intestine intraepithelial lymphocytes that coexpress CD4 and CD8αα homodimers (CD4IELs) depends on the microbiota. However, the identity of the microbial antigens recognized by CD4
+
T cells that can differentiate into CD4IELs remains unknown. We identified β-hexosaminidase, a conserved enzyme across commensals of the Bacteroidetes phylum, as a driver of CD4IEL differentiation. In a mouse model of colitis, β-hexosaminidase–specific lymphocytes protected against intestinal inflammation. Thus, T cells of a single specificity can recognize a variety of abundant commensals and elicit a regulatory immune response at the intestinal mucosa.
Pituitary hormone α-MSH promotes tumor-induced myelopoiesis and immunosuppression
Authors: Xu Yueli , Yan Jiaxian , Tao Ye , Qian Xiaojun , Zhang Chi , Yin Libei , Gu Pengying , Liu Yehai , Pan Yueyin , Tang Renhong , Jiang Wei , Zhou Rongbin
Published: August 2022

The hypothalamic–pituitary (HP) unit can produce various hormones to regulate immune responses, and some of its downstream hormones or effectors are elevated in cancer patients. We show that the HP unit can promote myelopoiesis and immunosuppression to accelerate tumor growth. Subcutaneous implantation of tumors induced hypothalamus activation and pituitary α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) production in mice. α-MSH acted on bone marrow progenitors to promote myelopoiesis, myeloid cell accumulation, immunosuppression, and tumor growth through its melanocortin receptor MC5R. MC5R peptide antagonist boosted antitumor immunity and anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (anti–PD-1) immunotherapy. Serum α-MSH concentration was elevated and correlated with circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer patients. Our results reveal a neuroendocrine pathway that suppresses tumor immunity and suggest MC5R as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
Changes in North Atlantic deep-water oxygenation across the Middle Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Thomas Nicola C. , Bradbury Harold J. , Hodell David A.
Published: August 2022

The oxygen concentrations of oceanic deep-water and atmospheric carbon dioxide (
p
CO
2
) are intrinsically linked through organic carbon remineralization and storage as dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep sea. We present a high-resolution reconstruction of relative changes in oxygen concentration in the deep North Atlantic for the past 1.5 million years using the carbon isotope gradient between epifaunal and infaunal benthic foraminifera species as a proxy for paleo-oxygen. We report a significant (>40 micromole per kilogram) reduction in glacial Atlantic deep-water oxygenation at ~960 thousand to 900 thousand years ago that coincided with increased continental ice volume and a major change in ocean thermohaline circulation. Paleo-oxygen results support a scenario of decreasing deep-water oxygen concentrations, increased respired carbon storage, and a reduction in glacial
p
CO
2
across the Middle Pleistocene Transition.
The continuum of
Drosophila
embryonic development at single-cell resolution
Authors: Calderon Diego , Blecher-Gonen Ronnie , Huang Xingfan , Secchia Stefano , Kentro James , Daza Riza M. , Martin Beth , Dulja Alessandro , Schaub Christoph , Trapnell Cole , Larschan Erica , O’Connor-Giles Kate M. , Furlong Eileen E. M. , Shendure Jay
Published: August 2022

Drosophila melanogaster
is a powerful, long-standing model for metazoan development and gene regulation. We profiled chromatin accessibility in almost 1 million and gene expression in half a million nuclei from overlapping windows spanning the entirety of embryogenesis. Leveraging developmental asynchronicity within embryo collections, we applied deep neural networks to infer the age of each nucleus, resulting in continuous, multimodal views of molecular and cellular transitions in absolute time. We identify cell lineages; infer their developmental relationships; and link dynamic changes in enhancer usage, transcription factor (TF) expression, and the accessibility of TFs’ cognate motifs. With these data, the dynamics of enhancer usage and gene expression can be explored within and across lineages at the scale of minutes, including for precise transitions like zygotic genome activation.
Ancient grasslands guide ambitious goals in grassland restoration
Authors: Buisson Elise , Archibald Sally , Fidelis Alessandra , Suding Katharine N.
Published: August 2022

Grasslands, which constitute almost 40% of the terrestrial biosphere, provide habitat for a great diversity of animals and plants and contribute to the livelihoods of more than 1 billion people worldwide. Whereas the destruction and degradation of grasslands can occur rapidly, recent work indicates that complete recovery of biodiversity and essential functions occurs slowly or not at all. Grassland restoration—interventions to speed or guide this recovery—has received less attention than restoration of forested ecosystems, often due to the prevailing assumption that grasslands are recently formed habitats that can reassemble quickly. Viewing grassland restoration as long-term assembly toward old-growth endpoints, with appreciation of feedbacks and threshold shifts, will be crucial for recognizing when and how restoration can guide recovery of this globally important ecosystem.
Molecular, cellular, and developmental foundations of grass diversity
Authors: McSteen Paula , Kellogg Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2022

Humans have cultivated grasses for food, feed, beverages, and construction materials for millennia. Grasses also dominate the landscape in vast parts of the world, where they have adapted morphologically and physiologically, diversifying to form ~12,000 species. Sequences of hundreds of grass genomes show that they are essentially collinear; nonetheless, not all species have the same complement of genes. Here, we focus on the molecular, cellular, and developmental bases of grain yield and dispersal—traits that are essential for domestication. Distinct genes, networks, and pathways were selected in different crop species, reflecting underlying genomic diversity. With increasing genomic resources becoming available in nondomesticated species, we anticipate advances in coming years that illuminate the ecological and economic success of the grasses.
The history and challenge of grassy biomes
Authors: Strömberg Caroline A. E. , Staver A. Carla
Published: August 2022

Grassy biomes are >20 million years old but are undervalued and under threat today
Ultrasound neuromodulation of the deep brain
Authors: Folloni Davide
Published: August 2022

Noninvasive, reversible stimulation of neural circuits can regulate behavior
An antibody that neutralizes SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 by binding to a conserved spike epitope outside the receptor binding motif
Authors: Fang Yan , Sun Pengcheng , Xie Xuping , Du Mingjian , Du Fenghe , Ye Jianfeng , Kalveram Birte K. , Plante Jessica A. , Plante Kenneth S. , Li Bo , Bai Xiao-chen , Shi Pei-Yong , Chen Zhijian J.
Published: August 2022

The rapid evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), such as the Omicron variants that are highly transmissible and immune evasive, underscores the need to develop therapeutic antibodies with broad neutralizing activities. Here, we used the LIBRA-seq technology, which identified SARS-CoV-2–specific B cells via DNA barcoding and subsequently single-cell sequenced BCRs, to identify an antibody, SW186, which could neutralize major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including Beta, Delta, and Omicron, as well as SARS-CoV-1. The cryo-EM structure of SW186 bound to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein showed that SW186 interacted with an epitope of the RBD that is not at the interface of its binding to the ACE2 receptor but is highly conserved among SARS coronaviruses. This epitope encompasses a glycosylation site (N343) of the viral spike protein. Administration of SW186 in mice after they were infected with SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, or Delta variants reduced the viral loads in the lung. These results demonstrated that SW186 neutralizes diverse SARS coronaviruses by binding to a conserved RBD epitope, which could serve as a target for further antibody development.
Pharmacodynamics of Piperacillin-Tazobactam/Amikacin Combination versus Meropenem against Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Hollow Fiber Infection Model
Authors: Islam Kamrul , Sime Fekade B. , Wallis Steven C. , Bauer Michelle J. , Naicker Saiyuri , Won Hayoung , Zowawi Hosam M. , Choudhury Md Abu , Shirin Tahmina , Habib Zakir H. , Harris Patrick N. A. , Flora Meerjady S. , Roberts Jason A.
Published: August 2022

Carbapenems are recommended for the treatment of urosepsis caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, multidrug-resistant
Escherichia coli
;
however, due to selection of carbapenem resistance, there is an increasing interest in alternative treatment regimens including the use of β-lactam-aminoglycoside combinations. We compared the pharmacodynamic activity of piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin as mono and combination therapy versus meropenem monotherapy against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, piperacillin-tazobactam resistant
E. coli
using a dynamic hollow fiber infection model (HFIM) over 7 days.
Characterization of the (Engineered) Branching Sucrase GtfZ-CD2 from Apilactobacillus kunkeei for Efficient Glucosylation of Benzenediol Compounds
Authors: Meng Xiangfeng , Li Xiaodan , Pijning Tjaard , Wang Xiaofei , van Leeuwen Sander S. , Dijkhuizen Lubbert , Chen Guanjun , Liu Weifeng
Published: August 2022

Glycosylation represents one of the most important ways to expand the diversity of natural products and improve their physico-chemical properties. Aromatic polyphenol compounds widely found in plants are reported to exhibit various remarkable biological activities; however, they generally suffer from low solubility and stability, which can be improved by glycosylation.
Chronic Leptin Deficiency Improves Tolerance of Physiological Damage and Host-Pathogen Cooperation during Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infection
Authors: Sanchez Karina K. , Troha Katia , Mu Andre , Redford Samuel E. , McCarville Justin L. , Insenga Arianna , Stengel Sarah , Lee Yujung Michelle , Ayres Janelle S.
Published: August 2022

To combat infections, hosts employ a combination of antagonistic and cooperative defense strategies. The former refers to pathogen killing mediated by resistance mechanisms, while the latter refers to physiological defense mechanisms that promote host health during infection independent of pathogen killing, leading to an apparent cooperation between the host and the pathogen.
The SARS-CoV nsp12 Polymerase Active Site Is Tuned for Large-Genome Replication
Authors: Campagnola Grace , Govindarajan Vishnu , Pelletier Annelise , Canard Bruno , Peersen Olve B.
Published: August 2022

Replicating large genomes represents a challenge for RNA viruses because fast RNA synthesis is needed to escape innate immunity defenses, but faster polymerases are inherently low-fidelity enzymes. Nonetheless, the coronaviruses replicate their ≈30-kb genomes using the core polymerase structure and mechanism common to all positive-strand RNA viruses.
Mucosal Immune Profiles Associated with Diarrheal Disease Severity inShigella- and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-Infected Children Enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study
Authors: Buskirk Amanda D. , Ndungo Esther , Shimanovich Avital A. , Lam Diana , Blackwelder William C. , Ikumapayi Usman N. , Ma Bing , Powell Helen , Antonio Martin , Nataro James P. , Kaper James B. , Pasetti Marcela F.
Published: August 2022

Shigellaand enteropathogenicEscherichia coliare primary agents of moderate to severe diarrhea in children <5 years of age living in resource-poor countries. Repeated bouts of illness lead to lifelong health impairment and even death.
Ruminal Microbiota Determines the High-Fiber Utilization of Ruminants: Evidence from the Ruminal Microbiota Transplant
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Yan Fang , Liu Tao , Zhang Yuanling , Li Xinyi , Wang Mengya , Zhang Chenguang , Xu Xiurong , Deng Lu , Yao Junhu , Wu Shengru
Published: August 2022

Ruminants have a powerful progastric digestive system that converts structural carbohydrates into nutrients useful to humans. It is well known that this phenomenon is due to the fact that the rumen of ruminants is a natural microbial fermenter, which can ferment structural carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicellulose and transform them into volatile fatty acids to supply energy for host.
Supplemental Material: Cambrian–Ordovician magmatic flare-up in NE Gondwana: A silicic large igneous province?
Authors: DAN WEI , al. et
Published: August 2022

Table S1: Compiled zircon U-Pb crystallization ages for Cambrian–Ordovician igneous rocks in NE Gondwana. Table S2: Compiled Nd isotopic geochemical data calculated at ca. 500 Ma. Table S3: Compiled early Paleozoic metamorphic dates.
Supplemental Material: Formation of authigenic carbonates contributed by sulfate- and metal-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane in the northern Okinawa Trough, East China Sea
Authors: Liu Lei , Guan Hongxiang , Wu Nengyou , al. et
Published: August 2022

Figure S1: Partial gas chromatograms (FID) of hydrocarbon fractions of samples D2-1(A) and T15-1(B) from the Okinawa Trough. Figure S2: Partial gas chromatograms (FID) of alcohol fractions from samples D2-1(A) and T15-1(B) from the Okinawa Trough. Figure S3: Partial gas chromatograms (FID) of carboxylic acid fractions of samples D2-1(A) and T15-1(B) from the Okinawa Trough. Table S1: Contents and stable carbon isotopic composition of hydrocarbons from the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates. Table S2: Contents and stable carbon isotopic composition of alcohols from the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates. Table S3: Contents and stable carbon isotopic composition of fatty acids from the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates. Table S4: The contents of selected major elements, trace elements and enrichment factors of the Okinawa Trough seep carbonates in this study.
Supplemental Material: A 50 m.y. melting model for the rare metal–rich Koktokay pegmatite in the Chinese Altai: Implications from a newly identified Jurassic granite
Authors: Han Jinsheng , Chen Huayong , et al.
Published: August 2022

Table S1: Major-element (wt%) and trace-element (ppm) compositions of apatite from the granite apophysis and the Koktokay No. 3 pegmatite. Table S2: Major-element composition of columbite in the granite apophysis. Table S3: Major- and trace-element composition of micas in the granite apophysis. Table S4: Major (wt%) and trace (ppm) elements for the granite apophysis. Table S5: LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analytical results of columbites and apatites. Table S6: Whole-rock Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of the granite apophysis in the Koktokay No. 3 pegmatite. Table S7: Multicollector LA-ICP-MS boron isotopes of tourmalines from the granite apophysis. Table S8: Compiled age data of magmatic-hydrothermal activity in the Koktokay No. 3 pegmatite. 
Supplemental Material: Enhanced terrestrial nutrient release during the Devonian emergence and expansion of forests: Evidence from lacustrine phosphorus and geochemical records
Authors: Smart Matthew S. , et al.
Published: August 2022

Lake cycle geochemical correlations.
Maternal mortality decline in Zimbabwe, 2007/2008 to 2018/2019: findings from mortality surveys using civil registration, vital statistics and health system data
Authors: Musarandega Reuben , Cresswell Jenny , Magwali Thulani , Makosa Davidzoyashe , Machekano Rhoderick , Ngwenya Solwayo , Nystrom Lennarth , Pattinson Robert , Munjanja Stephen
Published: August 2022

Background

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1 target is to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to less than 70 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births by 2030. In the Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality strategy, a supplementary target was added, that no country has an MMR above 140 by 2030. We conducted two cross-sectional reproductive age mortality surveys to analyse changes in Zimbabwe’s MMR between 2007–2008 and 2018–2019 towards the SDG target.

Methods

We collected data from civil registration, vital statistics and medical records on deaths of women of reproductive ages (WRAs), including maternal deaths from 11 districts, randomly selected from each province (n=10) using cluster sampling. We calculated weighted mortality rates and MMRs using negative binomial models, with 95% CIs, performed a one-way analysis of variance of the MMRs and calculated the annual average reduction rate (ARR) for the MMR.

Results

In 2007–2008 we identified 6188 deaths of WRAs, 325 pregnancy-related deaths and 296 maternal deaths, and in 2018–2019, 1856, 137 and 130, respectively. The reproductive age mortality rate, weighted by district, declined from 11 to 3 deaths per 1000 women. The MMR (95% CI) declined from 657 (485 to 829) to 217 (164 to 269) deaths per 100 000 live births at an annual ARR of 10.1%.

Conclusions

Zimbabwe’s MMR declined by an annual ARR of 10.1%, against a target of 10.2%, alongside declining reproductive age mortality. Zimbabwe should continue scaling up interventions against direct maternal mortality causes to achieve the SDG 3.1 target by 2030.
Clinical utility of tumour mutational burden on efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in malignant solid tumours: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiang Xuemei , Li Yunming , Yang Xiaoguang , Guo Wang , Zhou Pengfei
Published: August 2022

Introduction

A major development in solid malignancy treatment is the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have produced durable responses and increased survival rates. However, the therapeutic effect of ICIs has great heterogeneity in patients with cancer. We propose a systematic review to evaluate the predictive value of tumour mutation burden (TMB) on efficacy of ICIs.

Methods and analysis

A systematic literature search will be conducted in the PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Library databases up to 31 May 2022. We will compare the efficacy of ICIs between TMB high group and TMB low group in terms of the HRs of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and the OR of the objective response rate/overall response rate (ORR). The HRs of PFS and OS, and the OR of ORR, will be measured by an inverse variance weighted fixed effects model (I2≤50%) or a DerSimonian-Laird random effects model (I2>50%). In addition, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity analysis and publication bias will be conducted. We plan to conduct a subgroup analysis on age, sex, area, number of patients (high/low TMB), cancer type, tumour size, stage, line of therapy, TMB sequencing method, type of immunotherapy and follow-up period.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval and informed consent are not needed, as the study will be a literature review and will not involve direct contact with patients or alterations to patient care. This systematic review is anticipated to be finished in December 2023, and the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021262480.
Bipolar depression: a review of treatment options
Authors: Levenberg Kate , Cordner Zachary A
Published: August 2022

Bipolar depression (BD-D) is both common and incredibly challenging to treat. Even treated individuals with BD-D experience depression approximately 19% of the time, and subsyndromal depression an additional 18%. This stands in clear contrast to the approximately 10% of time spent in hypomania and 1% of time spent in mania. Despite this high illness burden, there remain relatively few treatment options approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for BD-D. Of the approved medications, four are second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and one is an SGA combined with an antidepressant. However, particularly when used long-term, antipsychotics can pose a significant risk of adverse effects, raising the clinical conundrum of weighing the risks associated with long-term antipsychotic use versus the risk of relapse when patients are off medications. Here, we review commonly used treatments for BD-D, including antipsychotics, classic mood stabilisers, electroconvulsive therapy and psychotherapy. We then address the somewhat controversial topic of antidepressant use in BD-D. Finally, we summarise emerging treatment options and highlight ongoing clinical trials. We hope this review will help compare the risks and benefits of several common and novel options for the treatment of patients with BD-D. In doing so, we also hope this review will aid the individualised selection of treatments based on each patient’s history and treatment goals.
Clinicopathological characteristics, genetics and prognosis of patients with myeloid sarcoma: a single-center study
Authors: Demir Derya , Hekimgil Mine , Karaca Emin , Ulusoy Yusuf , Özdemir Hamiyet Hekimci , Saydam Güray , Durmaz Burak , Akın Haluk , Çetingül Nazan , Tombuloğlu Murat , Özsan Nazan
Published: August 2022

Aim

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare tumour comprising myeloid blasts occurring at an anatomical site other than the bone marrow. We sought to investigate both paediatric and adult patients with MS diagnosed at our institution and determine possible correlations among their clinicopathological, phenotypic, molecular and prognostic features.

Methods

This study retrospectively evaluated the data of 45 patients diagnosed with MS at Ege University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Turkey, over a 17-year period.

Results

The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1, and the median age was 39.12 years. The most commonly involved sites were the skin, lymph nodes, soft tissues and bone. Immunohistochemically, CD68-KP1 was the most commonly expressed marker, followed by CD33, myeloperoxidase, CD117, lysozyme, CD68-PGM1 and CD34. Of the patients, 26 (57.7%) presented with de novo MS, 7 (15.5%) had simultaneous acute myeloid leukaemia and 12 (26.8%) had a previous history of haematological disorders. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 46.4% and 39.8%, respectively; the median OS duration was 11 months. Increasing age had a negative prognostic relationship with survival (p = 0.04). Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in approximately 6/10 (60%) of paediatric patients and 6/9 (66.7%) of adult patients. t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation was identified in 20% of paediatric patients.

Conclusions

MS diagnosis is usually challenging; an expanded immunohistochemical panel should be used for an accurate diagnosis. Although MS generally has a poor prognosis, increasing age appears to be associated with a worse outcome.
Proportionality, wrongs and equipoise for natural immunity exemptions: response to commentators
Authors: Pugh Jonathan , Savulescu Julian , Brown Rebecca CH , Wilkinson Dominic
Published: August 2022

We would like to thank each of the commentators on our feature article for their thoughtful engagement with our arguments. All the commentaries raise important questions about our proposed justification for natural immunity exemptions to COVID-19 vaccine mandates. Thankfully, for some of the points raised, we can simply signal our agreement. For instance, Reiss is correct to highlight that our article did not address the important US-centric considerations she helpfully raises and fruitfully discusses. We also agree with Williams about the need to provide a clear rationale for mandates, and to obtain different kinds of data in support of possible policies.

Unfortunately, we lack the space to engage with every one of the more critical comments raised in this rich set of commentaries; as such, in this response, we shall focus on a discussion of hybrid immunity, which underlies a number of different arguments evident in the commentaries, before concluding with some reflections responding to Lipsitch’s concern about the appropriate standard of proof in this context.
Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome: Clinical and Molecular Analysis of 50 Individuals
Authors: Aubert-Mucca Marion , Huber Céline , Baujat Genevieve , Michot Caroline , Zarhrate Mohammed , Bras Marc , Boutaud Lucile , Malan Valérie , Attie-Bitach Tania ,   Clinical Contributors, Cormier-Daire Valerie
Published: August 2022

Background

Ellis-Van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is one of the entities belonging to the skeletal ciliopathies short rib–polydactyly subgroup. Major signs are ectodermal dysplasia, chondrodysplasia, polydactyly and congenital cardiopathy, with a high degree of variability in phenotypes ranging from lethal to mild clinical presentations. TheEVCandEVC2genes are the major genes causative of EVC syndrome. However, an increased number of genes involved in the ciliopathy complex have been identified in EVC syndrome, leading to a better understanding of its physiopathology, namely,WDR35,GLI1,DYNC2LI1,PRKACA,PRKACBandSMO. They all code for proteins located in the primary cilia, playing a key role in signal transduction of the Hedgehog pathways.

Methods

The aim of this study was the analysis of 50 clinically identified EVC cases from 45 families to further define the phenotype and molecular bases of EVC.

Results

Our detection rate in the cohort of 45 families was of 91.11%, with variants identified inEVC/EVC2(77.8%),DYNC2H1(6.7%),DYNC2LI1(2.2%),SMO(2.2%) orPRKACB(2.2%). No distinctive feature was remarkable of a specific genotype–phenotype correlation. Interestingly, we identified a high proportion of heterozygous deletions inEVC/EVC2of variable sizes (26.92%), mostly inherited from the mother, and probably resulting from recombinations involving Alu sequences.

Conclusion

We confirmed thatEVCandEVC2are the major genes involved in the EVC phenotype and highlighted the high prevalence of previously unreported CNVs (Copy Number Variation).
Novel triple barrier potential for axial gravitational perturbations of a family of Lorentzian wormholes
Authors: Dutta Roy Poulami
Published: August 2022

We study the behavior of a specific Lorentzian wormhole family under gravitational perturbations. In earlier work (EPJC 80:850, 2020), we have proved the stability of a test scalar field in the background of the wormhole family, where the effective potential was that of a double barrier. Continuing with the stability analysis, here we focus on the more physically relevant scenario, that of axial gravitational perturbations. Interestingly, we find that the effective potential is a triple barrier for lower angular momentum modes. This raises important questions on the ringdown of the corresponding wormhole geometry as well as the gravitational wave echo profile that we try to answer through our work. We study in detail how the geometry of each member wormhole affects the quasinormal modes, the time evolution of the signal as well as echoes which are, in general, very feeble in comparison to the main signal. Different ‘cleaning’ techniques have been used to obtain the echo profile in the time evolution of the signal. Lastly, we dwell on the possibility of our wormhole family as a candidate black hole mimicker, as long as its stability is proven under all kinds of perturbations. We briefly present a comparison of the ringdown characteristics of these wormholes with that of a black hole, in support of this speculation.
Effects of the quark anomalous magnetic moment in the chiral symmetry restoration: magnetic catalysis and inverse magnetic catalysis
Authors: Farias Ricardo L. S. , Tavares William R. , Nunes Rodrigo M. , Avancini Sidney S.
Published: August 2022

In this work, we consider the effect of a constant anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) of quarks in the SU(2) Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model in the mean field approximation. To this end, we use the Schwinger ansatz, which represents a linear magnetic field term in the Lagrangian. A regularization method inspired in the vacuum magnetic regularization (VMR) is adopted to avoid ultraviolet divergences. Our results indicate a smooth decrease of the pseudocritical temperature and quark condensates for magnetic fields $$B \le 0.1$$

B
≤
0.1

GeV$$^2$$

2

when a sizable AMM is considered. We found only a small window for Inverse Magnetic Catalysis (IMC), in contradiction with NJL predictions made in the literature. For a low value of AMM, we observe for all ranges of magnetic fields considered that the pseudocritical temperature increases with the magnetic field, indicating only Magnetic Catalysis (MC). In our approach, for nonvanishing quark AMM, the chiral symmetry restoration happens always as a smooth crossover and never turns into a first order phase transition.
QCD corrections in $$tq\gamma $$ production at hadron colliders
Authors: Kidonakis Nikolaos , Yamanaka Nodoka
Published: August 2022

We study QCD corrections for the associated production of a single top quark and a photon ($$tq\gamma $$

t
q
γ

production) at hadron colliders. We calculate the NLO cross section at LHC and future collider energies for a variety of kinematical cuts, and we estimate uncertainties from scale dependence and from parton distributions. We also calculate differential distributions in top-quark transverse-momentum and rapidity as well as photon energy. Finally, we study higher-order corrections from soft-gluon emission for this process, and we provide approximate NNLO (aNNLO) results for the cross section and top-quark differential distributions. We also compare our calculations with recent measurements from CMS and ATLAS at the LHC and find that the aNNLO corrections improve the comparison between the data and the Standard Model predictions.
An introduction to Quaternary geoarchaeology of India
Authors: Tiwari Nupur , Singh Vivek , Mehra Shashi B.
Published: August 2022

The present introduction to
Quaternary Geoarchaeology of India
discusses the historical background of the research carried out in India in the field of the Quaternary Period. It talks about the specific contributions made by scholars on the subject of geoarchaeology in the recent past. This special volume consists of 19 chapters contributed by various scholars working in earth sciences and geoarchaeology fields. It is divided into three sections: (1) landscape geoarchaeology, (2) applications in geoarchaeology and (3) reviews. The volume aims to represent the recent advances in the field of Quaternary geoarchaeology in India, which is generally under-represented and is usually restricted from reaching a global scholarly audience.
E-FAIR-DB: Functional Dependencies to Discover Data Bias and Enhance Data Equity
Authors: Azzalini Fabio , Criscuolo Chiara , Tanca Letizia
Published: August 2022

Decisions based on algorithms and systems generated from data have become essential tools that pervade all aspects of our daily lives; for these advances to be reliable, the results should be accurate but should also respect all the facets of data equity [
11
]. In this context, the concepts of Fairness and Diversity have become relevant topics of discussion within the field of Data Science Ethics and, in general, in Data Science. Although data equity is desirable, reconciling this property with accurate decision-making is a critical tradeoff, because applying a repair procedure to restore equity might modify the original data in such a way that the final decision is inaccurate w.r.t. the ultimate objective of the analysis. In this work, we propose E-FAIR-DB, a novel solution that, exploiting the notion of Functional Dependency—a type of data constraint—aims at restoring data equity by discovering and solving discrimination in datasets. The proposed solution is implemented as a pipeline that, first, mines functional dependencies to detect and evaluate fairness and diversity in the input dataset, and then, based on these understandings and on the objective of the data analysis, mitigates data bias, minimizing the number of modifications. Our tool can identify, through the mined dependencies, the attributes of the database that encompass discrimination (e.g., gender, ethnicity, or religion); then, based on these dependencies, it determines the smallest amount of data that must be added and/or removed to mitigate such bias. We evaluate our proposal both through theoretical considerations and experiments on two real-world datasets.
GHOSM: Graph-based Hybrid Outline and Skeleton Modelling for Shape Recognition
Authors: Alwaely Basheer , Abhayaratne Charith
Published: August 2022

An efficient and accurate shape detection model plays a major role in many research areas. With the emergence of more complex shapes in real-life applications, shape recognition models need to capture the structure with more effective features to achieve high accuracy rates for shape recognition. This article presents a new method for 2D/3D shape recognition based on graph spectral domain handcrafted features, which are formulated by exploiting both an outline and a skeleton shape through the global outline and internal details. A fully connected graph is generated over the shape outline to capture the global outline representation while a hierarchically clustered graph with adaptive connectivity is formed on the skeleton to capture the structural descriptions of the shape. We demonstrate the ability of the Fiedler vector to provide the graph partitioning of the skeleton graph. The performance evaluation demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method compared to state-of-the-art studies with increments of 4.09%, 2.2%, and 14.02% for 2D static hand gestures, 2D shapes, and 3D shapes, respectively.
ClusterFL: A Clustering-based Federated Learning System for Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Ouyang Xiaomin , Xie Zhiyuan , Zhou Jiayu , Xing Guoliang , Huang Jianwei
Published: August 2022

Federated Learning (FL) has recently received significant interest, thanks to its capability of protecting data privacy. However, existing FL paradigms yield unsatisfactory performance for a wide class of human activity recognition (HAR) applications, since they are oblivious to the intrinsic relationship between data of different users. We propose ClusterFL, a clustering-based federated learning system that can provide high model accuracy and low communication overhead for HAR applications. ClusterFL features a novel clustered multi-task federated learning framework that minimizes the empirical training loss of multiple learned models while automatically capturing the intrinsic clustering relationship among the nodes. We theoretically prove the convergence of proposed FL framework for non-convex and strongly convex models and provide the guidance on selection of hyper-parameters for achieving such convergence. Based on the learned cluster relationship, ClusterFL can efficiently drop the nodes that converge slower or have little correlations with others in each cluster, significantly speeding up the convergence while maintaining the accuracy performance. We evaluate the performance of ClusterFL on an NVIDIA edge testbed using four new HAR datasets collected from 145 users. The results show that ClusterFL outperforms several state-of-the-art FL paradigms in terms of overall accuracy and can save more than 50% communication overhead.
Remembering the canonical discoverers of the core components of the mammalian cardiac conduction system: Keith and Flack, Aschoff and Tawara, His, and Purkinje
Authors: Cavero Icilio , Holzgrefe Henry
Published: August 2022

This report presents the first comprehensive summary of the factors enabling the discovery of the cardiac conduction system (CCS). Biographical highlights and achievements of the CCS canonical discoverers, hypotheses concerning mechanisms underlying sinus node (SAN) automaticity, use of eponyms to denominate a discovery, famous controversies, possible reproachable behavior (e.g., intellectual support for eugenics in post-World War I Germany) by two of the discoverers, and examples of historical mentor-pupil relationships are discussed.
Flavor and Rapid Prediction of Red Wine by the Chemometrics Algorithm Based on Multidimensional Spectral Data
Authors: Wu Qiao
Published: August 2022

Since its birth, red wine has been loved by people of all walks of life. The taste of red wine has changed and the pursuit of quality has always been the most sought-after goal by sommeliers, winemakers, and the public. However, due to the rich taste of red wine, any link is willing to produce different flavors. At present, there is no quantitative control study on the flavor of red wine. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the flavor of red wine through the chemometric algorithm and establish a reasonable model to predict the flavor of red wine. Aiming at the research of red wine flavor, this paper designs a red wine flavor extraction experiment and extracts the substances that produce an aroma and flavor in red wine to the greatest extent through strict selection of extraction head and reaction time. For the rapid analysis of red wine flavor, this paper quantitatively describes the chemical category, volatilization time, molecular weight, etc., of flavor substances by analyzing the multidimensional spectral data of red wine, so that flavor substances can be quickly located. The experimental results of this paper prove that, for different red wines, the algorithm in this paper can accurately identify the flavor substances in red wine. Also, for red wine multidimensional spectral data, the algorithm in this paper can improve the accuracy by 30% and save the running time by 30%. This shows that the research in this paper can analyze and quickly predict the flavor of red wine.
Analysis of Clinical Manifestations and Prognostic Factors Affecting Osteosarcoma
Authors: Wei Jianghua , Liang Zhizhong , Xu Gang
Published: August 2022

Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the clinical manifestations and prognostic factors of osteosarcoma. Methods. The clinical data of patients with osteosarcoma who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to March 2020 were selected for retrospective analysis. The general information of the patients, including age, gender, tumor diameter, tumor location, tumor type, surgical method, and Enneking stage, distant disease metastasis, KPS score, and the number of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, were grouped by prognosis for statistical analysis. The clinical characteristics, morbidity and mortality, and prognostic factors of patients were statistically analyzed. Results. Among the 83 patients in this group, there were 52 males and 31 females,

59
 
tumors
>
10
 
cm

in diameter and

24
 
tumors
<
10
 
cm

in diameter, 16 tumors in the upper limbs and 67 tumors in the lower limbs, 25 tumors in osteoblastoma, 16 tumors in chondroblastoma, 42 tumors in fibroblastoma, 62 tumors in stage II, and 21 tumors in stage III of Enneking stage, 10 tumors in distant metastasis, and 10 tumors in distant metastasis. The death rate of this group was 19.28% (16/83). Multifactor regression analysis confirmed that the Enneking stage III, distant metastasis,

KPS
 
score
<
70

, and the number of

postoperative
 
adjuvant
 
chemotherapy
<
6

were important factors influencing the death of osteosarcoma (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Enneking stage III, distant metastasis,

KPS
 
score
<
70

, and the number of

postoperative
 
adjuvant
 
chemotherapy
<
6

are important influencing factors of osteosarcoma death. Clinical practice can take corresponding preventive and control measures according to the existence of these factors to ensure a good prognosis.
Multidimensional Psychological Model Construction of Public English Teaching Based on Deep Learning from Multimodal Perspective
Authors: Nan Chunping
Published: August 2022

Public English instruction focuses on language skill development while also enhancing students’ business professional knowledge and all-around ability under the direction of public English teaching objectives. From a knowledge standpoint, public English instruction contains a lot of tacit knowledge, making it appropriate for case teaching. This paper analyses the knowledge-locking factors in traditional case teaching based on deep learning from the multimodality perspective and builds a mental model to compensate for the shortcomings of the traditional case teaching. In this paper, a multidimensional psychological model is built that overcomes the limitations of conventional approaches. It is based on the multimodal feature extraction and modal selection algorithm of deep learning and multidimensional psychology in public English teaching. The method suggested in this paper outperforms the benchmark model created for the three evaluation indices and also demonstrates the benefits of multimodality. Create a fully integrated multidimensional mental model of the teaching and activity situations so that students can learn with a passion, become more engaged in practising their English, and ultimately develop the language skills required for employment.
Insulin Resistance Markers to Detect Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Male Hispanic Population
Authors: Pérez-Mayorga Maritza , Lopez-Lopez Jose P. , Chacon-Manosalva Maria A. , Castillo Maria G , Otero Johanna , Martinez-Bello Daniel , Gomez-Arbelaez Diego , Cohen Daniel D. , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio
Published: August 2022

Background. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease and is closely associated with cardiometabolic disorders, being insulin resistance (IR) the common pathogenic mechanism. The triglycerides/glucose (TyG) index and triglycerides/HDL-c (TG/HDL) ratio are markers correlated with IR. We compared the capacity of these two indexes, alongside IR, to detect NAFLD. Methods. In a cross-sectional cohort study, we examined 263 active military personnel from the Colombian Air Force, aged between 29 and 54 years. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical determinations (glycemia, lipid profile, and insulin) were obtained, and ultrasound studies were performed to evaluate the presence of NAFLD. HOMA-IR index was calculated as (fasting insulin (µIU/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5), the TyG index as Ln (triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2), and the TG/HDL ratio as (triglycerides (mg/dL)/HDL-c (mg/dL)). Results. NAFLD ultrasound criteria were met in 70 individuals (26.6%). Subjects with NAFLD had significantly higher values of HOMA-IR (2.55 ± 1.36 vs. 1.51 ± 0.91), TyG (9.17 ± 0.53 vs. 8.7 ± 0.51), and TG/HDL (6.6 ± 4.54 vs. 3.52 ± 2.32) compared to those without NAFLD

p
<
0.001

. A TyG cutoff point of 8.92 showed an AUC of 0.731, while cutoff points of 3.83 for TG/HDL and 1.68 for HOMA-IR showed an AUC of 0.766 and 0.781, respectively. Conclusion. Our study shows that novel and lower-cost markers of IR are useful for detecting NALFD, with a performance comparable to the HOMA-IR index. These markers should be used as the first step when screening patients for NAFLD.
Intraday Price Discovery between Spot and Futures Markets of NIFTY 50: An Empirical Study during the Times of COVID‐19
Authors: Khan Mohammed Arshad , Hussain Md. Mobashshir , Pervez Asif , Atif Mohd , Bansal Rohit , Alhumoudi Hamad A.
Published: August 2022

The current study investigates the intraday dynamics of futures and spot markets in India. By analyzing one‐minute data of Nifty 50 and the associated futures index, the study finds that both the markets are cointegrated. The results of the VECM reveal that any disequilibrium between the spot and futures market is restored by the spot market. Granger causality tests reveal that the spot and futures markets have a bidirectional causal relationship. Common factor weights and Hasbrouck’s information share (IS) reveal the greater role of the futures market in price discovery. Gonzalo and Granger's common factor model indicates that the permanent factor is made up of futures series only. Using the BEK‐GARCH model, we found two‐way volatility spillovers between the spot and futures markets. The futures market is found to have a greater impact in terms of volatility spillovers also. The findings of our research are relevant to investors, money managers, traders, and policymakers.
Development and Application of Smart Home Energy Management System Based on Wireless Network Technology
Authors: Wu Juhua
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the problem of integration of home energy management system and wireless network technology, the author proposes the development and application of a smart home energy management system based on wireless network technology. Divide the NB-IoT into different simulation levels, simulate the physical layer of the NB-IoT, and according to the household energy conservation rules, calculate the household energy distribution parameters, convert the intelligent control signal into a signal constellation point, calculate the deviation value of the control command corresponding to the energy equipment, build an intelligent control simulation algorithm, and finally complete the simulation of the intelligent control system. Experimental results show the following: The simulation method in the intelligent home language input terminal control system is based on the Internet of Things, the average time of simulating the test point of energy equipment is about 4.9 s, the required simulation time is long, and in the intelligent control system of the mobile road tunnel lighting vehicle, the simulation time required by the designed simulation method is about 6.8 s, and the simulation time is the longest. The average time of the method proposed by the author to simulate the energy distribution instruction is about 3.3 s. Conclusion. The application prospect of a smart home energy management system based on wireless network technology is very broad.