bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Point-of-care cardiac ultrasound techniques in the physical examination: better at the bedside
Authors: Kimura Bruce J
Published: March 2017

The development of hand-carried, battery-powered ultrasound devices has created a new practice in ultrasound diagnostic imaging, called ‘point-of-care’ ultrasound (POCUS). Capitalising on device portability, POCUS is marked by brief and limited ultrasound imaging performed by the physician at the bedside to increase diagnostic accuracy and expediency. The natural evolution of POCUS techniques in general medicine, particularly with pocket-sized devices, may be in the development of a basic ultrasound examination similar to the use of the binaural stethoscope. This paper will specifically review how POCUS improves the limited sensitivity of the current practice of traditional cardiac physical examination by both cardiologists and non-cardiologists. Signs of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, left atrial enlargement, lung congestion and elevated central venous pressures are often missed by physical techniques but can be easily detected by POCUS and have prognostic and treatment implications. Creating a general set of repetitive imaging skills for these entities for application on all patients during routine examination will standardise and reduce heterogeneity in cardiac bedside ultrasound applications, simplify teaching curricula, enhance learning and recollection, and unify competency thresholds and practice. The addition of POCUS to standard physical examination techniques in cardiovascular medicine will result in an ultrasound-augmented cardiac physical examination that reaffirms the value of bedside diagnosis.
Age at first birth and cardiovascular risk factors in the 1958 British birth cohort
Authors: Lacey Rebecca E , Kumari Meena , Sacker Amanda , McMunn Anne
Published: March 2017

Background

To assess relationships between age at first birth and cardiovascular risk factors in a large longitudinal study of men and women. By assessing associations for both genders, we were able to investigate biological versus social and behavioural explanations from early life through to adulthood.

Methods

Multiply-imputed data on more than 7600 men and women of a British birth cohort study (National Child Development Study, 1958 British birth cohort) were used. Cardiovascular risk factors at age 44/45 years included body mass index, waist:hip ratio, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), cholesterol (total, low and high-density lipoprotein), triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin, C reactive protein, von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen. Age at first birth was categorised as <20 years, 20–24 years, 25–29 years, 30–34 years or >34 years.

Results

Being younger than 20 years of age at time of first birth was associated with an adverse cardiovascular profile by mid-life. Conversely, older parents had a lower cardiovascular risk as captured by lower body mass index, waist:hip ratio, blood pressure, high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin, C reactive protein and fibrinogen. The relationship between age at first birth and cardiovascular risk factors was graded. Few differences between men and women were observed. Associations were largely unchanged after adjustment for early life factors but were partially mediated through adult social and behavioural factors.

Conclusions

Age at first birth is inversely associated with differences in cardiovascular risk factors in mid-life in a large prospective birth cohort. Our results potentially suggest a social and behavioural rather than a biological explanation.
The impact of a federal cigarette minimum pack price policy on cigarette use in the USA
Authors: Doogan Nathan J , Wewers Mary Ellen , Berman Micah
Published: March 2017

Background

Increasing cigarette prices reduce cigarette use. The US Food and Drug Administration has the authority to regulate the sale and promotion—and therefore the price—of tobacco products.

Objective

To examine the potential effect of federal minimum price regulation on the sales of cigarettes in the USA.

Method

We used yearly state-level data from the Tax Burden on Tobacco and other sources to model per capita cigarette sales as a function of price. We used the fitted model to compare the status quo sales with counterfactual scenarios in which a federal minimum price was set. The minimum price scenarios ranged from $0 to $12.

Results

The estimated price effect in our model was comparable with that found in the literature. Our counterfactual analyses suggested that the impact of a minimum price requirement could range from a minimal effect at the $4 level to a reduction of 5.7 billion packs sold per year and 10 million smokers at the $10 level.

Conclusion

A federal minimum price policy has the potential to greatly benefit tobacco control and public health by uniformly increasing the price of cigarettes and by eliminating many price-reducing strategies currently available to both sellers and consumers.
Reduced efficacy of ivermectin against Ostertagia in a Dutch cattle herd
Authors: Holzhauer Menno , Hegeman Coen , van Doorn Deborah
Published: March 2017

A pilot study on reduced ivermectin efficacy against Ostertagia ostertagi following the detection of a high number of strongyle‐type eggs in a 1.5‐year‐old bull during the first part of the pasturing period in 2015 was conducted. This finding was remarkable because of the pasturing history, treatment history and time after turnout (June). The study involved one beef cattle herd and followed as far as possible the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology guidelines regarding the faecal egg count reduction test. We observed poor ivermectin efficacy (65%) compared with the expected efficacy of >95%. This also has consequences for practitioners, who should ensure the correct application of anthelmintics and perform repeated faecal examinations following the use of parasitical agents for persistent problems. Our finding also should have consequences for the pharmaceutical industry: the administration of registered anthelmintics via the most efficacious route is preferable.
Neosporosis presenting as temporal muscle atrophy in a dog
Authors: Serrano Goncalo , Freeman Paul
Published: March 2017

This case report describes an atypical presentation of neosporosis in a dog that initially presented as bilateral temporal muscle atrophy. Following initiation of prednisolone treatment for the presumed masticatory muscle myositis, a worsening in the dog’s physical condition and ambulation rapidly became evident. The dog progressed to a severe non‐ambulatory tetraparesis with inability to swallow, despite discontinuation of prednisolone and initiation of clindamycin and potentiated sulphonamide once a diagnosis of generalisedNeospora caninummyositis was reached. Nine days after treatment with clindamycin and potentiated sulphonamide was commenced the dog began to show some voluntary muscle control, and was discharged fully ambulatory 15 days after hospitalisation. This case highlights an unusual presentation of neosporosis and demonstrates that medical therapy, along with intensive nursing, can result in a good outcome even with severe generalised disease.
Root competition, not soil compaction, restricts access to soil resources for aspen on a reclaimed mine soil
Authors: Bockstette Simon W. , Pinno Bradley D. , Dyck Miles F. , Landhäusser Simon M.
Published: March 2017

Restricted rooting space in response to soil compaction and belowground competition with herbaceous plants are two main limiting factors for successful reforestation after surface mining. Fine-textured, nutrient-rich soils with adequate soil moisture are particularly susceptible to both of these concerns and while there are recognized ways to manage competition, attempts to alleviate soil compaction through mechanical means have produced varying results. While roots of some herbaceous plants may penetrate compacted soil layers, possibly offering an alternative means to overcome physical restrictions, these potential benefits need to be weighed against negative effects from competition with planted trees. We examined the individual and combined impact of soil decompaction (deep tillage) and management of competing vegetation (herbicide) on soil properties, resource availability, and above- and below-ground growth of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings on a reconstructed mine soil affected by severe subsoil compaction. Our findings suggest that although deep tillage reduced bulk density, this did not increase resource availability and had limited effect on seedling growth. In contrast, competition with smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) drastically reduced aspen belowground growth because the grass rapidly occupied available rooting space, while simultaneously lowering the availability of water and nutrients, in particular nitrogen.
Excited weak bosons and their decays
Authors: Fritzsch Harald
Published: March 2017

The weak bosons are not elementary gauge bosons, but bound states of two fermions. Here the excitations of the weak bosons are discussed. Especially we study the decays of these excited states into weak bosons and photons.
Tsung-Dao Lee and BEPC
Authors: Zheng Zhipeng
Published: March 2017

The scientific world is well aware of Prof. Tsung-Dao Lee’s contribution to the Beijing Electron–Positron Collider (BEPC). At this time, between his ninetieth birthday and the sixtieth anniversary of the discovery of parity violation, as one of those involved in building the BEPC, I would like to recall some of the history around the construction of the BEPC, to discuss T. D. Lee’s key role in the process and show his passion for science in China.
Inertial mass of an elementary particle from the holographic scenario
Authors: Giné Jaume
Published: March 2017

Various attempts have been made to fully explain the mechanism by which a body has inertial mass. Recently, it has been proposed that this mechanism is as follows: when an object accelerates in one direction, a dynamical Rindler event horizon forms in the opposite direction, suppressing Unruh radiation on that side by a Rindler-scale Casimir effect whereas the radiation on the other side is only slightly reduced by a Hubble-scale Casimir effect. This produces a net Unruh radiation pressure force that always opposes the acceleration, just like inertia, although the masses predicted are twice those expected, see Ref. 17. In a later work, an error was corrected so that its prediction improves to within 26% of the Planck mass, see Ref. 10. In this paper, the expression of the inertial mass of a elementary particle is derived from the holographic scenario giving the exact value of the mass of a Planck particle when it is applied to a Planck particle.
Theoretical investigations of the Au++H2 reactive scattering by the time-dependent quantum wave packet method
Authors: Lee Wentao , He Haixiang , Chen Maodu
Published: March 2017

Employing the state-to-state time-dependent quantum wave packet method, the Au[Formula: see text]H2 reactive scattering with initial states [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and 1 were investigated. Total reaction probabilities, product state-resolved integral cross-sections (ICSs) and differential cross-sections (DCSs) were calculated up to collision energy of 4.5 eV. The numerical results show that total reaction probabilities and ICSs increase with increasing collision energies, and there is little effect to the reactive scattering processes from the rotational excitation of H2 molecule. Below collision energy of around 3.0 eV, the role of the potential well in the entrance channel is significant and the reactive scattering proceeds dominantly by an indirect process, which leads to a nearly symmetric shape of the DCSs. With collision energy higher than 4.0 eV, the reactive scattering proceeds through a direct process, which leads to a forward biased DCSs, and also a hotter rotational distributions of the products. Total ICS agrees with the results by the quasi-classical trajectories theory very well, which suggests that the quantum effects in this reactive process are not obvious. However, the agreement between the experimental total cross-section and our theoretical result is not so good. This may be due to the uncertainty of the experiment or/and the inaccuracy of the potential energy surface.
Electronic states in core/shell GaN/YxGa1−xN quantum well (QW) with the modified Pöschl–Teller plus Woods–Saxon potential in the presence of electric field
Authors: Onyeaju M. C. , Ikot A. N. , Onate C. A. , Aghemenloh E. , Hassanabadi H.
Published: March 2017

The electronic states of a core/shell quantum well (QW) system confined in a modified Pöschl–Teller (PT) plus Woods–Saxon (WS) potential in the presence of electric field are studied with the III-Nitride group owing to their wide bandgap for device applications. The bandgap energy in this regard is obtained by solving analytically the Schrödinger wave equation with the Pekeris-type approximation to the centrifugal term.
Design and experimental verification of a perfect dual-band optical metamaterial absorber
Authors: Ye Fenghua , Ye Huan , Wang Xiaozhi
Published: March 2017

A perfect dual-band optical absorber is designed and measured. A low absorption peak (P1) and two high absorption peaks (P2 and P3) are obtained. The P1 peak is excited by the resonance of internal surface plasmon (ISP) mode. The P2 peak is resulted by the coupling of local surface plasma (LSP) modes and the resonance of ISP mode. The P3 peak is excited by the resonance of ISP mode. The damping constant of the gold film is optimization calculated in simulations. Measured results indicate that high absorption performed is obtained with different dielectric layers. The measured metamaterial absorber displays high absorption performed at TM and TE configurations. Moreover, the proposed metamaterial absorber is sensitivity on the change of the refractive index of the environmental media.
HIGH RESOLUTION FREE TRIIODOTHYRONINE-THYROTROPIN (FT3-TSH) RESPONSES TO A SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF LIOTHYRONINE IN HUMANS: EVIDENCE OF DISTINCT INTER-INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES UNRAVELED USING AN ELECTRICAL NETWORK MODEL
Authors: GOEDE SIMON L. , LATHAM KEITH R. , LEOW MELVIN KHEE-SHING , JONKLAAS JACQUELINE
Published: March 2017

The effects of a single oral dose of liothyronine (L-T3) on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and other related thyroid system parameters are partly understood despite therapeutic use of this hormone over many decades. We characterize individualized responses of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and its related temporal hormonal profile using an electrical network model. Based on thyroid hormone responses from blood samples using a single 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g oral dose of liothyronine in healthy persons with a normal operating euthyroid feedback HPT system, we derived an equivalent electrical circuit model for the system’s responses. The mathematical model was tested with a circuit simulator and validated with individualized clinical data. This signal processing technique makes the evaluation of bioequivalence and bioavailability of various preparations of liothyronine at an individualized level a feasible endeavor for clinical application.
Entanglement-assisted quantum codes from quaternary codes of dimension five
Authors: Lu Liangdong , Li Ruihu , Guo Luobin
Published: March 2017

Maximal-entanglement entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes (EAQE-CCs) can achieve the EA-hashing bound asymptotically and a higher rate and/or better noise suppression capability may be achieved by exploiting maximal entanglement. In this paper, we discussed the construction of quaternary zero radical (ZR) codes of dimension five with length [Formula: see text]. Using the obtained quaternary ZR codes, we construct many maximal-entanglement EAQECCs with very good parameters. Almost all of these EAQECCs are better than those obtained in the literature, and some of these EAQECCs are optimal codes.
Assessed and Emerging Biomarkers in Stroke and Training-Mediated Stroke Recovery: State of the Art
Authors: Gandolfi Marialuisa , Smania Nicola , Vella Antonio , Picelli Alessandro , Chirumbolo Salvatore
Published: March 2017

Since the increasing update of the biomolecular scientific literature, biomarkers in stroke have reached an outstanding and remarkable revision in the very recent years. Besides the diagnostic and prognostic role of some inflammatory markers, many further molecules and biological factors have been added to the list, including tissue derived cytokines, growth factor-like molecules, hormones, and microRNAs. The literatures on brain derived growth factor and other neuroimmune mediators, bone-skeletal muscle biomarkers, cellular and immunity biomarkers, and the role of microRNAs in stroke recovery were reviewed. To date, biomarkers represent a possible challenge in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of stroke onset, pathogenesis, and recovery. Many molecules are still under investigation and may become promising and encouraging biomarkers. Experimental and clinical research should increase this list and promote new discoveries in this field, to improve stroke diagnosis and treatment.
Dysplastic L5-S1 Spondyloptosis in a 3-Year-Old Child: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tandon Vikas , Kaul Rahul , Chhabra Harvinder Singh , Nanda Ankur
Published: March 2017

A three-year-old girl presented with primary complaint of severe low back pain with radiation to both lower limbs below the knees since 2 months following history of fall and marked restriction of her daily routine activities. After clinicoradiological evaluation she was diagnosed of having dysplastic L5-S1 spondyloptosis. A staged procedure was planned after thorough discussion with her parents. During initial stage she underwent posterior decompression along L5-S1 segment including exposure of bilateral L5 and S1 nerve roots followed by instrumented reduction (L3-S2 5.5 mm pedicle screws) utilizing a rotational-translational technique. No interbody fusion was done at L5-S1 level and inner nuts of bilateral L3, L4, and S2 screws were intentionally kept loose. Subsequently after about symptom-free three-year follow up, she presented with recurrence of symptoms and underwent revision surgery as per initial plan discussed with her parents. Removals of posterior implants were done followed by stabilization with larger diameter pedicle screws (6.5 mm) at L5 and S1 level. During the same stage through anterior transperitoneal approach L5-S1 interbody fusion was done. At one-year follow-up after second-stage definitive surgery, patient remains symptom-free and fully active without any radiological evidence of reduction loss or implant failure.
Random Deep Belief Networks for Recognizing Emotions from Speech Signals
Authors: Wen Guihua , Li Huihui , Huang Jubing , Li Danyang , Xun Eryang
Published: March 2017

Now the human emotions can be recognized from speech signals using machine learning methods; however, they are challenged by the lower recognition accuracies in real applications due to lack of the rich representation ability. Deep belief networks (DBN) can automatically discover the multiple levels of representations in speech signals. To make full of its advantages, this paper presents an ensemble of random deep belief networks (RDBN) method for speech emotion recognition. It firstly extracts the low level features of the input speech signal and then applies them to construct lots of random subspaces. Each random subspace is then provided for DBN to yield the higher level features as the input of the classifier to output an emotion label. All outputted emotion labels are then fused through the majority voting to decide the final emotion label for the input speech signal. The conducted experimental results on benchmark speech emotion databases show that RDBN has better accuracy than the compared methods for speech emotion recognition.
Treatment of Prolapsing Hemorrhoids in HIV-Infected Patients with Tissue-Selecting Technique
Authors: Fan Zhe , Zhang Yingyi
Published: March 2017

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of a tissue-selecting therapy stapler (TST) for prolapsing hemorrhoids in HIV-infected patients. Sixty-two patients with stage III-IV hemorrhoidal prolapse were treated with TST by a single surgeon between June and November 2014. The TST group comprised 32 patients (4 females), and the TST + HIV group comprised 30 HIV-infected patients (3 females). Age, gender, and preoperative examination as well as intraoperative and postoperative features were assessed. There was no marked difference in hemorrhoidal prolapse between the TST and HIV + TST groups, except for patient satisfaction at 12 months. TST is an effective and safe technique for treatment of prolapsing hemorrhoids in HIV-infected patients.
Computer‐Aided Analysis of Flow in Water Pipe Networks after a Seismic Event
Authors: Kang Won-Hee , Lee Young-Joo , Zhang Chunwei
Published: March 2017

This paper proposes a framework for a reliability‐based flow analysis for a water pipe network after an earthquake. For the first part of the framework, we propose to use a modeling procedure for multiple leaks and breaks in the water pipe segments of a network that has been damaged by an earthquake. For the second part, we propose an efficient system‐level probabilistic flow analysis process that integrates the matrix‐based system reliability (MSR) formulation and the branch‐and‐bound method. This process probabilistically predicts flow quantities by considering system‐level damage scenarios consisting of combinations of leaks and breaks in network pipes and significantly reduces the computational cost by sequentially prioritizing the system states according to their likelihoods and by using the branch‐and‐bound method to select their partial sets. The proposed framework is illustrated and demonstrated by examining two example water pipe networks that have been subjected to a seismic event. These two examples consist of 11 and 20 pipe segments, respectively, and are computationally modeled considering their available topological, material, and mechanical properties. Considering different earthquake scenarios and the resulting multiple leaks and breaks in the water pipe segments, the water flows in the segments are estimated in a computationally efficient manner.
The Compatibilization Effects of Alkylated-grafted-Graphene Oxide on Polypropylene/Polystyrene Blends
Authors: Hao Yanping , Zhao Xin , Dong Jie , Zhang Qinghua
Published: March 2017

Modified graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by covalently grafted alkylated chains on GO sheets and their compatibilization effects on the morphologies and mechanical properties of immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) blends were investigated. Alkylated-grafted-GO/PP/PS batches were fabricated by melt-mixing approach and displayed different morphologies with various modified GO loadings. When the content of alkylated-grafted-GO is 0.2 wt%, the tensile strength of obtained composite could reach 17.97 MPa, showing a 36.3% enhancement compared to that of pristine PP/PS, indicating the positive compatibilization of modified GO in polymer blends. Moreover, the mixing order also plays an important role in achieving the desired improvement in properties. Due to the preferential location of modified GO in PP phase, a favorable “transition zone” could be formed at the interfacial region of two polymers when alkylated-grafted-GO was premixed with PS and subsequently mixed with PP, leading to an improvement of compatibilization between two polymers and an enhancement of mechanical properties. However, serious phase separation and declined tensile strength were obtained with a reversed mixing sequence.
Intrahemispheric Perfusion in Chronic Stroke-Induced Aphasia
Authors: Thompson Cynthia K. , Walenski Matthew , Chen YuFen , Caplan David , Kiran Swathi , Rapp Brenda , Grunewald Kristin , Nunez Mia , Zinbarg Richard , Parrish Todd B.
Published: March 2017

Stroke-induced alterations in cerebral blood flow (perfusion) may contribute to functional language impairments and recovery in chronic aphasia. Using MRI, we examined perfusion in the right and left hemispheres of 35 aphasic and 16 healthy control participants. Across 76 regions (38 per hemisphere), no significant between-subjects differences were found in the left, whereas blood flow in the right was increased in the aphasic compared to the control participants. Region-of-interest (ROI) analyses showed a varied pattern of hypo- and hyperperfused regions across hemispheres in the aphasic participants; however, there were no significant correlations between perfusion values and language abilities in these regions. These patterns may reflect autoregulatory changes in blood flow following stroke and/or increases in general cognitive effort, rather than maladaptive language processing. We also examined blood flow in perilesional tissue, finding the greatest hypoperfusion close to the lesion (within 0–6 mm), with greater hypoperfusion in this region compared to more distal regions. In addition, hypoperfusion in this region was significantly correlated with language impairment. These findings underscore the need to consider cerebral perfusion as a factor contributing to language deficits in chronic aphasia as well as recovery of language function.
The Noncell Autonomous Requirement of Proboscipedia for Growth and Differentiation of the Distal Maxillary Palp during Metamorphosis ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Percival-Smith Anthony , Ponce Gabriel , Pelling Jacob J. H.
Published: March 2017

TheDrosophilamaxillary palpus that develops during metamorphosis is composed of two elements: the proximal maxillary socket and distal maxillary palp. The HOX protein, Proboscipedia (PB), was required for development of the proximal maxillary socket and distal maxillary palp. For growth and differentiation of the distal maxillary palp, PB was required in the cells of, or close to, the maxillary socket, as well as the cells of the distal maxillary palp. Therefore, PB is required in cells outside the distal maxillary palp for the expression, by some mechanism, of a growth factor or factors that promote the growth of the distal maxillary palp. Bothwingless (wg)andhedgehog (hh)genes were expressed in cells outside the distal maxillary palp in the lancinia and maxillary socket, respectively. Bothwgandhhwere required for distal maxillary palp growth, andhhwas required noncell autonomously for distal maxillary palp growth. However, expression ofwg-GAL4andhh-GAL4during maxillary palp differentiation did not require PB, ruling out a direct role for PB in the regulation of transcription of these growth factors.
Comparison of an Electronic Nose Based on Ultrafast Gas Chromatography, Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, and Sensory Evaluation for an Analysis of Type of Whisky
Authors: Wiśniewska Paulina , Śliwińska Magdalena , Dymerski Tomasz , Wardencki Waldemar , Namieśnik Jacek
Published: March 2017

Whisky is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages. There are many types of whisky, for example, Scotch, Irish, and American whisky (called bourbon). The whisky market is highly diversified, and, because of this, it is important to have a method which would enable rapid quality evaluation and authentication of the type of whisky. The aim of this work was to compare 3 methods: an electronic nose based on the technology of ultrafast gas chromatography (Fast-GC), comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), and sensory evaluation. The selected whisky brands included 6 blended whiskies from Scotland, 4 blended whiskies from Ireland, and 4 bourbons produced in the USA. For data analysis, peak heights of chromatograms were used. The panelists who took part in sensory evaluations included 4 women and 4 men. The obtained data were analyzed by 2 chemometric methods: partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and discrimination function analysis (DFA). E-nose and GC × GC allowed for differentiation between whiskies by type. Sensory analysis did not allow for differentiation between whiskies by type, but it allowed giving consumer preferences.
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation Causing Systemic Hypoxemia in Early Infancy
Authors: Aggarwal V. , Khan D. M. , Rhodes J. F.
Published: March 2017

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is not routinely appreciated during the standard echocardiogram to assess for structural abnormalities or pulmonary hypertension. The distal pulmonary AVM is suspected only if an injection of agitated saline is performed and late entry of particles is appreciated in the left heart structures. A large or complex pulmonary AVM can result in significant right-to-left shunting and consequential systemic hypoxemia in the presence or absence of pulmonary hypertension. For direct visualization of the pulmonary AVM, computerized tomography (CT) scan is the procedure of choice. Here, we present two young infants with systemic hypoxemia who underwent standard medical management including mechanical ventilation and one patient was placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) before the diagnosis of pulmonary AVM was established. Subsequently, both patients have done well into mid-term follow-up after being treated successfully using transcatheter occlusion techniques in the cardiac catheterization laboratory during early infancy. We aim to emphasize the importance of a high index of suspicion for pulmonary AVM in infants with refractory systemic hypoxemia of unclear etiology.
Increased Chromosomal and Oxidative DNA Damage in Patients with Multinodular Goiter and Their Association with Cancer
Authors: Donmez-Altuntas Hamiyet , Bayram Fahri , Bitgen Nazmiye , Ata Sibel , Hamurcu Zuhal , Baskol Gulden
Published: March 2017

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem worldwide. Although thyroid cancer accounts for a small percentage of thyroid nodules, the majority are benign. 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels are a marker of oxidative stress and play a key role in the initiation and development of a range of diseases and cancer types. This study evaluates cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay parameters and plasma 8-OHdG levels and their association with thyroid nodule size and thyroid hormones in patients with multinodular goiter. The study included 32 patients with multinodular goiter and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. CBMN-cyt assay parameters in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with multinodular goiter and controls were evaluated, and plasma 8-OHdG levels were measured. The micronucleus (MN) frequency (chromosomal DNA damage), apoptotic and necrotic cells (cytotoxicity), and plasma 8-OHdG levels (oxidative DNA damage) were significantly higher among patients with multinodular goiter. Our study is the first report of increased chromosomal and oxidative DNA damage in patients with multinodular goiter, which may predict an increased risk of thyroid cancer in these patients. MN frequency and plasma 8-OHdG levels may be markers of the carcinogenic potential of multinodular goiters and could be used for early detection of different cancer types, including thyroid cancer.
Targeting Signaling Pathways in Cancer Stem Cells for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Koury Jeffrey , Zhong Li , Hao Jijun
Published: March 2017

The Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways are inherent signaling pathways in normal embryogenesis, development, and hemostasis. However, dysfunctions of these pathways are evident in multiple tumor types and malignancies. Specifically, aberrant activation of these pathways is implicated in modulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cancer cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into heterogeneous tumor cells. The CSCs are accountable for tumor initiation, growth, and recurrence. In this review, we focus on roles of Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways in CSCs’ stemness and functions and summarize therapeutic studies targeting these pathways to eliminate CSCs and improve overall cancer treatment outcomes.
Analytical Model for Deflections of Bonded Posttensioned Concrete Slabs
Authors: Kim Min Sook , Kang Joowon , Lee Young Hak
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a finite element analysis approach to evaluate the flexural behavior of posttensioned two-way slabs depending on the tendon layout. A finite element model was established based on layered and degenerated shell elements. Nonlinearities of the materials are considered using the stress-strain relationships for concrete, reinforcing steel, and prestressing tendons. Flexural testing of the posttensioned two-way slabs was conducted to validate the developed analytical process. Comparing the analytical results with the experimental results in terms of deflections, it showed generally good agreements. Also a parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of different types of tendon layout.
Comprehensive Study of a Handheld Raman Spectrometer for the Analysis of Counterfeits of Solid-Dosage Form Medicines
Authors: Dégardin Klara , Guillemain Aurélie , Roggo Yves
Published: March 2017

The fight against medicine counterfeiting is a current focus of the pharmaceutical world. Reliable analytical tools are needed to pursue the counterfeiters. Handheld devices present the advantage of providing quick results, with analyses possibly performed on the field. A large number of solid-dosage form medicines have been analyzed with a handheld Raman spectrometer. 33 out of 39 product families could be successfully analysed. The methods were validated with 100% of correct identification. Each product was additionally tested by the methods of the other products and successfully rejected. A second validation was performed using counterfeits, placebos, and generics. All the counterfeits were rejected, withpvalues close to zero. Some generics presented a similar formulation to the brand products and were then identified as such. One placebo was positively identified, showing that low dosage products are difficult to analyze with Raman. Robustness tests were carried out, showing, for instance, that the operator has no influence on the results and that the analyses might be performed through transparent packaging. The discovery mode was also investigated, which proposes the chemical composition of the samples. The results demonstrated that the Raman handheld device is a reliable tool for the field analysis of counterfeits.
Festination Correlates with SNCA Polymorphism in Chinese Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zheng Jinhua , Yang Xinglong , Zhao Quanzhen , Tian Sijia , Huang Hongyan , Chen Yalan , Xu Yanming
Published: March 2017

The genetic basis of festination, a common motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), remains unclear. Since polymorphism in the alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene is associated with PD phenotype, we examined whether such polymorphism is also associated with festination. SNCA polymorphisms rs11931074 and rs894278 were genotyped in a consecutive series of 258 patients with PD, of whom 122 (47.3%) suffered festination. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in genotype and minor allele frequencies at rs11931074 or rs894278 between patients with festination and those without it (all p<0.05). Based on logistic regression, a GG or GT genotype at rs11931074 was associated with higher risk of festination among patients with PD (OR 2.077, 95% CI 1.111–3.883, p=0.022), as was the TT genotype at rs894278 (OR 2.271, 95% CI 1.246–4.139, p=0.007). Therefore, we conclude that festination is associated with polymorphism at rs11931074 or rs894278 among patients with PD.
Systematic Review and Critical Analysis of Cost Studies Associated with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Bovolenta Tânia M. , de Azevedo Silva Sônia Maria Cesar , Arb Saba Roberta , Borges Vanderci , Ferraz Henrique Ballalai , Felicio Andre C.
Published: March 2017

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide, affecting more than four million people. Typically, it affects individuals above 45, when they are still productive, compromising both aging and quality of life. Therefore, the cost of the disease must be identified, so that the use of resources can be rational and efficient. Additionally, in Brazil, there is a lack of research on the costs of neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD, a gap addressed in this study. This systematic review critically addresses the various methodologies used in original research around the world in the last decade on the subject, showing that costs are hardly comparable. Nonetheless, the economic and social impacts are implicit, and important information for public health agents is provided.
Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Modulates the In Vitro Inflammatory Crosstalk between Intestinal Epithelial and Endothelial Cells
Authors: Ferrari Daniela , Cimino Francesco , Fratantonio Deborah , Molonia Maria Sofia , Bashllari Romina , Busà Rossana , Saija Antonella , Speciale Antonio
Published: March 2017

Intestinal epithelium represents a protective physical barrier and actively contributes to the mucosal immune system. Polarized basolateral intestinal secretion of inflammatory mediators, followed by activation of NF-κB signaling and inflammatory pathways in endothelial cells, efficiently triggers extravasation of neutrophils from the vasculature, therefore contributing to the development and maintenance of intestinal inflammation. Proper regulation of NF-κB activation at the epithelial interface is crucial for the maintenance of physiological tissue homeostasis. Many papers reported that anthocyanins, a group of compounds belonging to flavonoids, possess anti-inflammatory effects and modulate NF-κB activity. In this study, by using a coculture in vitro system, we aimed to evaluate the effects of TNF-α-stimulated intestinal cells on endothelial cells activation, as well as the protective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G). In this model, TNF-α induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and TNF-α and IL-8 gene expression in Caco-2 cells, whereas C3G pretreatment dose-dependently reduced these effects. Furthermore, TNF-α-stimulated Caco-2 cells induced endothelial cells activation with increased E-selectin and VCAM-1 mRNA, leukocyte adhesion, and NF-κB levels in HUVECs, which were inhibited by C3G. We demonstrated that selective inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in epithelial cells represents the main mechanism by which C3G exerts these protective effects. Thus, anthocyanins could contribute to the management of chronic gut inflammatory diseases.
Research on Pump Primers for Friction Reduction of Wet-Mix Shotcrete Based on Precreating Lubricating Layer
Authors: Liu Guoming , Chen Lianjun , Cheng Weimin , Huang Yanan
Published: March 2017

Wet-mix shotcrete has lower water content even though looking wet which is generally less than 8% of total content. The inner surface of pipes will absorb water from fresh concrete to wet itself if concrete pump primers is not pumped early; meanwhile, the saturated concrete is transformed into the unsaturated concrete, and pipe blockage often occurs. In order to minimize the loss of water and wet pipes, a new type of pump primers was developed to precreate the lubricating layer that is one of the most dominant factors in determining the pumping capability, which would provide a cost-effective replacement for premium priced cement-based primers. Experiments were conducted to measure the viscosity, stability, and strength of mix solution during development stage. The optimal formula was obtained by orthogonal matching tests with 0.5% sodium stearate, 0.75% xanthan gum, 0.3% polyacrylamide, and 0.4% blender (mass ratio related to mix water). The pressure drop reduction of new primers was larger than that of common primers.
The Implementation of Driver Model Based on the Attention Transfer Process
Authors: Zhao ShuanFeng , Guo Wei
Published: March 2017

To describe the characteristics of driver’s attention changing with driving environment, establish the relation between driver model parameter and driver’s attention, seek for mapping relation between driver’s behavior and vehicle’s running status data, and provide individualized driver simulation model for unmanned car controller or for driver’s mental state inversion based on vehicle’s running status data, the paper established a driver model based on driver’s attention and deduced the relation between attention intensity and continuous driving time according to the process of driver’s attention change from concentration to distraction and the distribution characteristics of their durations. The relationship between driver’s mental state and manual closed‐loop driving model parameters is established according to the transfer rule of attention in the driving course, and it is applied to driver model based on dynamical regulation neural network. Finally the paper researched dynamics evolution characteristics of vehicle running caused by fatigue driving in the environment of double lane change and large curvature, with test result verifying the effectiveness and accuracy of the driver model based on the attention transfer process.
Loss of PI3K p110αin the Adipose Tissue Results in Infertility and Delayed Puberty Onset in Male Mice
Authors: Nelson Victoria L. Boughton , Negrón Ariel L. , Reid Inefta , Thomas Justin A. , Yang Leon , Lin Richard Z. , Acosta-Martínez Maricedes
Published: March 2017

Deletion of PI3K catalytic subunit p110αin adipose tissue (aP2-Cre/p110αflx/flx,α−/− hereafter) results in increased adiposity, glucose intolerance, and liver steatosis. Because this endocrine organ releases hormones like leptin, which are important in reproductive physiology, we investigated the reproductive phenotype ofα−/− males. Compared to controls,α−/− males displayed delayed onset of puberty accompanied by a reduction in plasma LH levels and testicular weight. At postnatal day 30,α−/− mice exhibited normal body weight but elevated fasted plasma leptin levels. Testicular leptin gene expression was increased, whereas expression of the cholesterol transporter StAR and of P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme was decreased. Adultα−/− males were infertile and exhibited hyperandrogenemia with normal basal LH, FSH, and estradiol levels. However, neither sperm counts nor sperm motility was different between genotypes. The mRNA levels of leptin and of 17-beta-dehydrogenase 3, and enzyme important for testosterone production, were significantly higher in the testis of adultα−/− males. The mRNA levels of ERα, an important regulator of intratesticular steroidogenesis, were lower in the testis of adult and peripubertalα−/− males. We propose that chronic hyperleptinemia contributes to the negative impact that disrupting PI3K signaling in adipocytes has on puberty onset, steroidogenesis, and fertility in males.
Exercise Modifies the Gut Microbiota with Positive Health Effects
Authors: Monda Vincenzo , Villano Ines , Messina Antonietta , Valenzano Anna , Esposito Teresa , Moscatelli Fiorenzo , Viggiano Andrea , Cibelli Giuseppe , Chieffi Sergio , Monda Marcellino , Messina Giovanni
Published: March 2017

The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is inhabited by a wide cluster of microorganisms that play protective, structural, and metabolic functions for the intestinal mucosa. Gut microbiota is involved in the barrier functions and in the maintenance of its homeostasis. It provides nutrients, participates in the signaling network, regulates the epithelial development, and affects the immune system. Considering the microbiota ability to respond to homeostatic and physiological changes, some researchers proposed that it can be seen as an endocrine organ. Evidence suggests that different factors can determine changes in the gut microbiota. These changes can be both quantitative and qualitative resulting in variations of the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota which, in turn, can affect health and different disease processes. Recent studies suggest that exercise can enhance the number of beneficial microbial species, enrich the microflora diversity, and improve the development of commensal bacteria. All these effects are beneficial for the host, improving its health status. In this paper, we intend to shed some light over the recent knowledge of the role played by exercise as an environmental factor in determining changes in microbial composition and how these effects could provide benefits to health and disease prevention.
Spasmolytic and Antibacterial Activity of Two Citrus sinensis Osbeck Varieties Cultivated in Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Recillas Amanda , Arroyo-Herrera Ana Ly , Araujo-León Jesús Alfredo , Hernández Núñez Emanuel , Ortiz Andrade Rolffy
Published: March 2017

Antibacterial activity on ATCC strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella choleraesuis and spasmolytic effect on contraction on rat ileum trips were determinate. Eight organic extracts (hexanic and methanolic) of albedo (mesocarp) and flavedo (pericarp) of two varieties (Valencian and National) of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck of Yucatán, México, were studied. Additionally, chromatographic fingerprints were obtained and correlated with their pharmacological effects. MAN, MAV, and HFN extract caused inhibition against S. choleraesuis (MIC: 1000 µg/mL) and S. enteritidis (MIC: 1000 µg/mL). Regarding the spasmolytic effect, the Valencian extracts variety was more efficient on spontaneous contraction, HAV (Emax = 51.98 ± 1.98%), MAV (Emax = 35.98 ± 1.42%), HFV (Emax = 68.91 ± 4.14%), and MFV (Emax = 51.28 ± 2.59%), versus National variety, HAN (Emax = 43.80 ± 6.32%), MAN (Emax = 14.62 ± 1.69%), HFN (Emax = 64.87 ± 3.04%), and MFN (Emax = 31.01 ± 3.92%). Chromatographic fingerprints of HFV and HFN were found to have some similar signals that belong to monoterpenes, whereas for HAN and HAV similar signals were found belonging to fatty acids and triterpenoids. Methanolic extracts showed signals of (1) furfural, (2) furfural acetone (3) furfuraldehyde and (4) β–sitosterol compounds. Flavedo portion of C. sinensis possessed spasmolytic effect on rat ileum strips and antibacterial activity against Salmonella strains. This species is source for obtaining bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential in the treatment of infectious diarrhea.
Neuroprotective Effect and Mechanism of Thiazolidinedione on Dopaminergic Neurons In Vivo and In Vitro in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Wang Yanqin , Zhao Weilin , Li Ge , Chen Jinhu , Guan Xin , Chen Xi , Guan Zhenlong
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the neuroprotection effects and mechanism of thiazolidinedione pioglitazone in both in vitro and in vivo MPP+/MPTP induced PD models. In vivo experimental results showed that oral treatment of pioglitazone resulted in significant improvements in behavior symptoms damaged by MPTP and increase in the survival of TH positive neurons in the pioglitazone intervention groups. In addition, oral treatment of pioglitazone increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator of 1α (PGC-1α) and increased the number of mitochondria, along with an observed improvement in mitochondrial ultrastructure. From in vitro studies, 2,4-thiazolidinedione resulted in increased levels of molecules regulated function of mitochondria, including PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), NRF2, and mitochondria fusion 2 (Mfn2), and inhibited mitochondria fission 1 (Fis1). We show that protein levels of Bcl-2 and ERK were reduced in the MPP+-treated group compared with the control group. This effect was observed to be reversed upon treatment with 2,4-thiazolidinedione, as Bcl-2 and ERK expression levels were increased. We also observed that levels of the apoptotic protein Bax showed opposite changes compared to Bcl-2 and ERK levels. The results from this study confirm that pioglitazone/2,4-thiazolidinedione is able to activate PGC-1α and prevent damage of dopaminergic neurons and restore mitochondria ultrastructure through the regulation of mitochondria function.