bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles by using aqueous leaf extract of Thymus serpyllum
Authors: Erci Fatih , Torlak Emrah
Published: December 2018

Recently, metal nanoparticles have attracted the attention of researchers due to their unique properties when compared with bulk materials and have become used in many fields of application. In this study, green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated by using aqueous extract of Thymus serpyllum leaves. In addition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the synthesized AgNPs were evaluated in this study. Further, UV-vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, DLS, SEM with EDX and TEM were used for characterization of the green synthesized AgNPs. The UV-vis spectrum of the synthesized AgNPs had a maximum peak at 467 nm. Also, TEM analysis indicated spherical particles with an average size of 25.2 nm. The synthesized AgNPs have higher stability (zeta potential: -29.5 mV). The antimicrobial activity of the green synthesized AgNPs was investigated on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium using agar well diffusion assay. According to the results of the study, Gram-positive bacteria showed larger inhibition zones compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the AgNPs were explored for the inhibition of S. aureus biofilms. AgNPs at 100 μg/mL concentration showed a high inhibition value of about 73% for S. aureus biofilm formation. So, it is concluded that the synthesized AgNPs might be potentially used in many applications due to their antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties.
Genotoxic evaluation of polystyrene microplastic
Authors: BERBER Ahmet Ali
Published: December 2018

Pollution of the aquatic environment by microplastic
could be having a massive impact on marine life. As far as the dimensions of
the microplastics decrease, the negative effects are also increasing.  In this study, the effects of 1 µm diameter
polystyrene microplastics (PSMs) on Daphnia
magna and Neocaridina davidi were
investigated. The acute toxicity test was conducted on Daphnia magna. According to the test LC50 value was
calculated as 808.97 μg/mL. According to genotoxic evaluation on Neocaridina davidi with single cell gel
electrophoresis (Comet), tail length, tail intensity and tail moment were
increased by PSMs compared to the control.
The influence of canola oil biodiesel on performance, combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions of a small diesel engine
Authors: ŞEN Mehmet
Published: December 2018

In this work, the influence of canola oil
biodiesel addition to eurodiesel was evaluated on combustion, performance characteristics
and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine. In the experiments,
fuel mixtures obtained by adding 10%, 20% and 50% canola oil biodiesel (named COB10,
COB20 and COB50 respectively) to eurodiesel fuel (COB0) were used.The test engine
was loaded at full load with electrical dynamometer and data was recorded
between 1500 rpm and 3000 rpm at 500 rpm intervals. The result show that
addition of biodiesel to eurodiesel reduced
cylinder pressure, engine torque and BTE while increased BSFC. Ignition delay
decreased slightly with the addition of biodiesel.  NOx emission and smoke density was
decreased as the biodiesel content increase in the fuel blends.
Researching Usage of Globe Culture Dimensions In Organizational Management By Using Dematel Method
Authors: ALKAN Atakan , CANBAY Kamile , AKMAN Gülşen , ALADAĞ Zerrin
Published: December 2018

Management of organizational
culture has been increasing its importance in competitive business world
rapidly. This paper is an output of the research about impact of GLOBE culture
dimensions which is one of the most comprehensive research result so far on
organizational culture. DEMATEL methodology determines criteria importance and
interaction of criteria. In this paper; GLOBE culture dimensions, which emerged
as the product of the most comprehensive work, are linked to the strategy of
organizational culture management. Evaluations of 10 middle and high level
managers from different sectors were collected in this experimental research.
Research was performed on the basis of these evalutions, and data is analyzed
in a three-phase by using the DEMATEL method. In each analysis, thresholds have
been changed and outputs was examined to determine which  organizational management strategy could be
used with GLOBE culture dimensions.
Determination of Flood Inundation Maps: A Case Study of Akyazi Industrial Zone
Authors: HIRCA Tuğçe , SÖNMEZ Osman
Published: December 2018

Heavy and sudden rainfalls, snow melt, meteorological factors, human impact and climate change cause floods that lead to loss of life and property. Trend analysis shows that the number of floods has increased in recent years. The use of flood plains as a residental area or industrial area causes an increase in the potential impact of floods. Loss of life and property may ocur in a probable flood due to the presence of factories in the Akyazı industrial zone, which is one of the most affected zones by floods, and 1000-1500 people working actively in these factories.Therefore, flood protection wall was built by DSI for this zone. The aim of this study is to create a 1-D flood model of the zone within the scope of the Project for rehabilitation. Kucucek Creek passes through the study area. Kucucek Creek consists of merging of 2 branches on the upstream of the industrial zone. These are called Kucucek Creek main branch and Karaca Creek. In the study, ArcGIS 10.2 program was used to digitize the zone. In the hydraulic analyzes performed with 8 return period flood flows, it was determined that the repetition years will not occur flood and the rehabilitation project will be effective.
International Policy Diffusion and Participatory Budgeting
Authors: Sabourin Eric Pierre
Published: December 2018

no se aplica
Review of first clinical experiences with a 1.5 Tesla ceiling-mounted moveable intraoperative MRI system in Europe
Authors: Feigl Guenther C. , Heckl Stefan , Kullmann Marcel , Filip Zoltan , Decker Karlheinz , Klein Jan , Ernemann Ulrike , Tatagiba Marcos , Velnar Tomaz , Ritz Rainer
Published: December 2018

High-field intraoperative MRI (iMRI) systems provide excellent imaging quality and are used for resection control and update of image guidance systems in a number of centers. A ceiling-mounted intraoperative MRI system has several advantages compared to a conventional iMRI system. In this article, we report on first clinical experience with using such a state-of-the-art, the 1.5T iMRI system, in Europe. A total of 50 consecutive patients with intracranial tumors and vascular lesions were operated in the iMRI unit. We analyzed the patients’ data, surgery preparation times, intraoperative scans, surgical time, and radicality of tumor removal.

Patients’ mean age was 46 years (range 8 to 77 years) and the median surgical procedure time was 5 hours (range 1 to 11 hours). The lesions included 6 low-grade gliomas, 8 grade III astrocytomas, 10 glioblastomas, 7 metastases, 7 pituitary adenomas, 2 cavernomas, 2 lymphomas, 1 cortical dysplasia, 3 aneurysms, 1 arterio-venous malformation and 1 extracranial-intracranial bypass, 1 clival chordoma, and 1 Chiari malformation. In the surgical treatment of tumor lesions, intraoperative imaging depicted tumor remnant in 29.7% of the cases, which led to a change in the intraoperative strategy.

The mobile 1.5T iMRI system proved to be safe and allowed an optimal workflow in the iMRI unit. Due to the fact that the MRI scanner is moved into the operating room only for imaging, the working environment is comparable to a regular operating room.
Baited live-trapping of triatomines in semi-arid environments v1
Authors: Botto-Mahan Carezza , Bacigalupo Antonella , Estadella Viviana , Cornejo-Villar Berenice , P. Correa Juana , E. Cattan Pedro
Published: December 2018

Includes a list of materials, baits, references, and recommended procedures to capture the hematophagous bugs of the subfamily Triatominae, vectors of Chagas disease in semi-arid areas.
Exploring Collaborative Learning with a Focus on Group Activities in EFL Classrooms
Authors: KOÇ Ebru
Published: December 2018

This study aims to
investigate the views of English-language teachers and their students with
respect to collaborative learning (CL) and more specifically, with respect to
group activities. The study included 25 Turkish English-language teachers and
their 486 EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students. The data were collected
from separate questionnaires completed by the students and the teachers.
Additionally, four teachers and 10 students were interviewed. The percentage of
responses for each option of each question was calculated for each item on both
questionnaires.

 The recorded interviews were analysed through
content analysis. The results indicate that most of the students favor group
activities in the classroom, whereas the teachers exhibit far less enthusiasm
for group activities because of difficulties associated with classroom
management and excessive noise levels generated during group activities. It is
suggested that teachers receive training in CL so that they can effectively
implement the technique in the classroom and teach their students how to
effectively use their interactional skills during CL activities.
Reaction of 1-aminoisoindole with 1,4-naphthoquinone and study of the product by spectroscopic methods
Authors: Levkov Igor , Yegorova Tetyana , Kysil Andriy , Vedrenne Marc , Voitenko Zoia
Published: December 2018

In our previous researches we have shown, that 1-aminoisoindole, which exists predominantly in isoindoline tautomeric form, can undergo [4+2]-cycloaddition reactions with maleimides according to the Curtin-Hammet principle. We continued to study this reaction, but with another dienophile – 1,4-naphtoquinone. In this case, the reaction does not stop when the bis-Michael adduct is obtained, but continues with the formation of a more complex compound, the structure of which we have studied by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic methods.
THE ALGORITHM OF SIMULTANEOUS NAVIGATION AND MAPPING FOR MOBILE ROBOT BASED ON THE ITERATIVE ALGORITHM OF THE NEAREST PIXELS AND DESCRIPTOR CALCULATED IN A CIRCULAR MOVING WINDOW
Authors: Vokhmintcev A V , Pachganov S A
Published: December 2018

New combined algorithm for simultaneous navigation and map construction is developed using visual characteristics and depth information to compare images, register 3D-point clouds, and build global sequential 3D-maps of the surrounding space. The performance and computational complexity of the proposed RGB-D SLAM algorithm are presented and discussed with reference and real data. The results can be applied in real-time tracking of objects, in non-cooperative remote observation, and semantic mapping of mobile robot navigation problems.
Relato de experiência: oficina pedagógica como objeto de aprendizagem na formação inicial do pedagogo no Consórcio CEDERJ
Authors: Martínez Silvia Alicia , Araújo Fabrícia Vieira de , Souza Suelen Ribeiro de , Vargas Evandro , Pinho Leandro Garcia
Published: December 2018

RESUMO: O presente trabalho objetiva abordar, analisar e discutir uma significativa experiência de ensino e aprendizagem adquirida em uma oficina pedagógica, no âmbito do Curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), no bojo do Centro de Educação a Distância do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (CEDERJ). Tal atividade foi concretizada por professores, tutores e alunos das disciplinas História na Educação 1 e História na Educação 2 do curso supracitado. A partir das referências de diferentes pesquisadores do campo do Ensino de História e da Educação, discorremos em um momento inicial acerca da organização e estruturação da Oficina, para posteriormente tratarmos da concretização da atividade em si pelos estudantes. A Oficina muito contribuiu para a reflexão acerca das práticas pedagógicas e para uma maior aproximação entre docentes, tutores e estudantes, bem como oportunizou pensamentos acerca das diferentes tecnologias e outros materiais que podem ser empregadas no ensino de História. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: oficina pedagógica; ensino de História; educação a distância; curso de Pedagogia. ABSTRACT: The present work aims at addressing, analyzing and discussing a significant experience of teaching and learning acquired in a pedagogical workshop, within the course of pedagogy of the State University of the North Fluminense (UENF), in the Centre of Distance Education of the State of Rio de Janeiro (CEDERJ). Such activity was accomplished by teachers, tutors and students of the disciplines History in Education 1 and History in Education 2 of the aforementioned course. From the references of different researchers of the field of History Teaching and Education, we have come at an initial moment about the organization and structuring of the workshop, to subsequently embrace the realization of the activity itself by the students. The workshop contributed greatly to reflect on pedagogical practices and for a closer approximation among teachers, tutors and students, as well as it allowed to think the different technologies and other materials that can be employed in the History teaching. KEYWORDS: Pedagogical workshop; History teaching; distance education; Pedagogy course.
Narrativa seriada e comunicação: meios, modos e tempos
Authors: Mattos Cristine Fickelscherer
Published: December 2018

RESUMO: O trabalho observa as características comunicativas da narrativa seriada do ponto de vista dos estudos contemporâneos de narratologia, em diversos tempos, modos e meios. Emprega o conceito de narrativa transmidiática para examinar a diversificada dinâmica de produção e recepção do gênero serial de forma contrastiva e diacrônica, e pondera acerca de seus efeitos sobre os seus elementos narrativos. Observa como inovações tecnológicas suscitam novos modos de narrativa seriada, que acionam novas referencialidades, através da complexa triangulação que envolve produção, recepção e meio de transmissão. Estuda ainda como contextos midiáticos específicos associam-se a disposições produtivas e receptivas que trabalham as heranças da narrativa seriada para simultaneamente alterá-las e reafirmá-las.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: narratologia transmidiática; narrativa seriada;série televisiva.

 

ABSTRACT: The work observes the communicative characteristics of the serial narrative from the point of view of contemporary studies of narratology, at different ages, modes and media. Inside a transmedial narratology, it examines its diversified dynamics of production and reception in a contrastive and diachronic way and ponders about its effects on the narrative elements. It observes how technological innovations give rise to new modes of serial narrative that trigger new referentialities through the complex triangulation that involves production, reception, and mediation. It also studies how specific media contexts associate themselves with productive and receptive dispositions that work the heritages of the serial narrative to change and simultaneously reaffirm them.

KEYWORDS: transmedialnarratology; serial narrative; TV show.
Gui Builder Mod: uma ferramenta para criação de aplicações gráficas móveis em Tcl/Tk
Authors: Rocha Lucio Agostinho
Published: December 2018

RESUMO: O processo de desenvolvimento de interfaces gráficas para o usuário (GUI) de aplicações móveis consome muito tempo durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento. Este artigo tem o objetivo de propor uma nova ferramenta para rápido desenvolvimento de apps Tcl/Tk para a plataforma Android. O método utilizado foi criar um software em Tcl/Tk para a geração de aplicativos para dispositivos móveis. Essa solução é factível para simplificar o complexo processo de desenvolvimento de novos apps e reduzir o esforço inerente de criar aplicações leves que consomem menos recursos de processamento e memória. Como resultado, foi realizado um experimento que mostra o processo de desenvolvimento de uma nova GUI para aplicações robóticas construída com a ferramenta proposta. A principal conclusão é que a ferramenta simplifica a criação de GUIs e gera aplicativos que consumem menos recursos durante sua execução.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Android; Tcl/Tk; Interface gráfica do usuário.

 

ABSTRACT: The development process of graphical interfaces for users (GUI) of mobile aplications consumes a lot of time during the development cicle. This article aims at proposing a new toolkit for fast development of Tcl/Tk apps for the Android platform. The method used was building a Tcl/Tk software to generate aplications for mobile devices. This solution is feasible to simplify the complex development process of new apps, and reducing the inherent effort of create tiny aplications that consumes less resources of processing and memory. As a result was done an experiment that shows the development process of a new GUI for robotic applications built with the proposed toolkit. The main conclusion is that the toolkit simplifies the building of GUIs, and generates aplications that consume less resources during its running.

KEYWORDS: Android; Tcl/Tk; graphical user interface.
Kilit Denetim Konuları: Borsa İstanbul Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: UZAY Şaban , KÖYLÜ Çağrı
Published: December 2018

Kilit denetim konuları, bağımsız denetçinin, denetim esnasında dikkat gösterdiği konulardan en çok önem arz edenleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yayınlanan BDS 701’nolu standart ile 2017 yılından itibaren kilit denetim konularına bağımsız denetim raporlarında yer verilmesi zorunlu hale getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, denetçinin yürüttüğü denetim sırasında en çok dikkat ettiği konuların (kilit denetim konularının) neler olduğunun saptanmasıdır. Bu amaçla, Borsa İstanbul İmalat Sektörü işletmelerinin bağımsız denetim raporları incelenerek kilit denetim konularının neler olduğuna dair bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre en fazla raporlanan kilit denetim konularının; Hasılat, Maddi Duran Varlıklar, Ticari Alacaklar ve Stoklar konularında olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.
Observational study of comparison of BISAP score with Ranson’s score and APACHE II scores in assessing severity and prognosis in patients of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Modi Jenish Vijaykumar , Sheth Jenish
Published: December 2018

Background: Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common diseases of gastrointestinal tract, leading to tremendous emotional, physical and financial burden. Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammation of the prior normal gland parenchyma which is usually reversible (but acute attack can occur in a pre-existing chronic pancreatitis) with raised pancreatic enzyme levels in blood and urine. It may be first attack or relapsing attacks with an apparently normal gland in between. Biliary tract disease and alcoholism are the commonest cause of pancreatitis.Methods: It was an observational study at Surat municipal institute of medical education and research (SMIMER), Department of Surgery. In present study authors used BISAP score, RANSON’S score and APACHE II score to evaluate the severity and mortality in cases of pancreatitis. In present study authors have compare all the scoring system on the basis of CT scan findings. In present study authors have included all patients above age of 18 years. Patient below 18 years of age, acute on chronic pancreatitis and hereditary pancreatitis were not included.Results: In this retrospective study, we found that incidence of colorectal carcinoma is more between 40-60 years of age with male predominance; lymph node metastasis is more than metastasis in any other sites. CT scan can diagnose lymphatic metastasis and infiltration in surrounding tissue more accurately. Percentage of sphincter saving procedure were low in rectal malignancies in our study.Conclusions: All three-scoring system assess the prognosis of the patient, but the prognosis assessed by APACHE II score is better, but for quick and easy assessment, BISAP score is good for prognosis because APACHE II score uses more parameters to assess the prognosis and BISAP score uses less parameters to assess the prognosis.
Diagnostic vs therapeutic splenectomy: the trend in tertiary center
Authors: Nadarajan Abinaya R. , Roopavathana S. Beulah , Chase Suchita , Nayak Sukria
Published: December 2018

Background: The recent trend being towards spleen preservation, it is necessary to critically analyse the indications for splenectomy and assess if the desired preoperative outcomes are achieved by splenectomy.Methods: This was a retrospective study and patients who underwent elective or emergency splenectomy for various indications in the surgical unit from September 2011 to July 2016 were included. The data was collected from patients records and hospital electronic database.Results: From September 2011 to July 2016, totally 68 patients underwent splenectomy.  The indications for therapeutic intervention were splenic abscess (2), splenic cyst (4), trauma (8), ITP (20) and anemia (12). The indications for diagnostic splenectomy were pyrexia of unknown origin in 7 patients and splenomegaly with anemia or pancytopenia in 15 patients. The objective of the operation was achieved in 43 patients (63%). The success rate for each indication: diagnosis (12 of 22 patients, 55%), thrombocytopenia (12 of 20 patients, 60%), anemia (5 of 12 patients, 42%) and as a primary treatment (12 of 14 patients, 86%). Postoperative morbidity within 30days of surgery was seen in 9 patients (13%) and 2 patients (3%) died within 30days of surgery.Conclusions: The indication for splenectomy should be individualized after exploring all other treatment options and based on outcome.
Necrotizing fasciitis: a tertiary centre based study
Authors: Ekka Nishith M. Paul , Kujur Archana Dipa Sangita , Mishra Gaurav
Published: December 2018

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis is a limb or life-threatening, invasive soft-tissue infection, although known since ancient times was first described in 1871. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the clinical presentation, bacterial flora, predisposing and co-morbid conditions, surgical and resuscitative treatment and outcome of this soft tissue infection.Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, clinical study which was conducted from May 2016 until April 2018. This study included 60 consecutive patients. Age, gender, clinical presentation, co-morbid conditions and predisposing factors and pus culture sensitivity, treatment given, and its outcome were recorded.Results: With a male female ratio of 2.33:1 and median age of 46, most involves site was lower limb. Most patients presented with history of trauma followed by swelling (100%), pain (91.67%), and pus discharge (48.33%). Group A streptococcus was the most common organism isolated in both monomicrobial (53.85%) and polymicrobial (63.83%) cultures. Diabetes was the most common co morbidity observed. Fasciotomy and debridement were the mainstay of treatment with amputation rate of 23.33% and a mortality of 25%.Conclusions: Timely surgical intervention in the form of fasciotomy and debridement along with correction of malnutrition and anemia can be crucial in saving lives and limbs.
Single stage surgical excision for vascular malformation without any pre-operative adjuvant therapy: our experience regarding case selection in 20 patients
Authors: Naik Narendra G. , Karandikar Sangram
Published: December 2018

Background: Vascular malformations generally present in young population. The patients or their guardians seek treatment for alleviation of functional and/or cosmetic disfigurement. Non-invasive techniques with or without surgery are available, however surgical treatment has been found to be most definitive modality of treatment in selected cases of vascular malformations. In this article, we are presenting our experience of single stage partial/total excision of vascular malformation of various types, at different location on body without any adjuvant treatment with emphasis on the post-operative outcome. The aim of the study was to evaluate criteria for case selection, freedom from symptoms, cosmetic outcome, functional improvement, long term post-operative result and quality of life.Methods: This study was performed to assess outcome of surgical treatment for 20 patients of vascular malformation. Fourteen were offered primary surgery and 6 out of 20 had received prior non-invasive treatment. The post-operative follow-up period was minimum 6 months and maximum for 4 years.Results: The patients who underwent primary surgery were more satisfied than those who had received non-invasive treatment before surgery. This was because of satisfactory cosmetic outcome, minimal post-operative pain of short duration, no post-operative residual wound and minimal post-operative morbidity.Conclusions: For treatment of vascular malformations, surgery can be offered as the primary and only treatment modality in selected cases because of immediate resolution of mass, minimal complications, satisfactory functional outcome and acceptable cosmetic appearance. Also, this improved patient compliance and long term follow up.
Trans-anal protrusion of intussusception (TAPI) revisited: managed successfully in a resource limited hospital setting
Authors: Basu Shouptik
Published: December 2018

Intussusception is the most common cause of Acute bowel obstruction in infants and toddlers. However, a Trans-anal protrusion of an intussusception (TAPI) is relatively rare and is not well reported in literature. A high index of suspicion is essential as the diagnosis is purely clinical, and often confused with rectal prolapse. Most patients present late due to neglect on the part of the parents or the primary treating physician. A late presentation usually results in a poor outcome and increased morbidity and mortality. Uncommonly these children may present early, where a prompt surgical management is desirable. The author reports a single case of a Trans anal protrusion of intussusception (TAPI) in a 1-½ -year old female child who was successfully managed in the author's resource-limited teaching institution without a dedicated pediatric surgery unit.
Vortex beams in turbulent media: review
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Soifer V. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS, – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Korotkova О. ,   University of Miami, Khonina S. ,   Samara National Research University,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS, – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Shchepakina Е. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: December 2018

The review covers publications concerned with propagation of laser beams through turbulent media described by the Kolmogorov theory and generalizations thereof to describe signal transmission in optical communications and detection systems. In this case, the turbulent medium is interpreted as an optical channel with random parameters. Various optical signals considered include partially coherent beams, non-uniformly polarized vector beams, as well as specifically configured spatial laser beams. Special attention is given to vortex laser beams. The latter are shown to have a number of remarkable properties that give them an advantage over conventional Gaussian beams.
Systematic Literature Review on the LDAP Protocol As a Centralized Mechanism for the Authentication of Users in Multiple Systems
Authors: Cueva-Hurtado M , Figueroa-Diaz R , Aguilar-Soto W , Armijos-Ordoñez M
Published: December 2018

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Algorithms for the Detection and Evasion of Obstacles on a Differential Mobile Platform for Interior Navigation
Authors: Luis Tinajero J , Lozada P , Alvarez A , Salazar N
Published: December 2018

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Mathematical Algorithms for the Texture and Lighting of 3D Surfaces in a Computer
Authors: Álvarez A , Salazar N , Tinajero J
Published: December 2018

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ZAP-70 Expression in B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Sudanese Patients
Authors: Abdel-Gader Enaam Abdel-Rhman , Eltayeb Nada Hassan , Eltahir Tasniem Ahmed , Altayeb Osama Ali , Fadul Eman Abbass , Rahman Eldirdiri M. Abdel , Merghani Tarig H.
Published: December 2018

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common form of leukemia in adults. The prognostic impact of ZAP-70 in CLL has been reported in several studies. The aim of conducting this study was to investigate the prevalence of ZAP-70 in Sudanese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia attending Khartoum Oncology Hospital.Materials and Methods: A total of 93 newly diagnosed patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were enrolled in this study. Lymphadenopathy and organomegaly were assessed in all participants using clinical examination, chest radiography, and abdominal ultrasound. Full blood count was carried out by an automated hematology analyzer. ZAP-70 was evaluated using flowcytometry on peripheral blood samples. ZAP-70 was defined as positive expression at a cutoff level of 20%.
Results: There were 63 (67.7%) males and 30 (32.3%) females and the median age of the group was 63 years; 68 patients (73.1%) were presented with anemia and 66(70.9%) had lymphadenopath;y. Majority of our patients 35 (37.6%) were in Rai stage IV. ZAP-70 positivity was detected in 21 patients (22.6%). There was no statistically significant association of ZAP-70 with age, sex, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, hemoglobin concentration, total white blood cell count, platelet count and Rai staging system (p-value > 0.05).
Conclusion: Only 21 patients (22.6%) were ZAP-70 positive. There was no association between ZAP-70 and the study variables. Further studies to evaluate prognostic role of ZAP-70 in Sudanese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia are recommended.
Frequency of Methicillin Resistance among Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Osman Najem Aldin Mohammed , Elraya Intisar Elhag , Mohamed Yassir Mahgoub , Eldirdery Muataz Mohamed , Elzaki Salaheldein Gumaa , Ahmed Abdallah Elssir , Eleragi Ali Mohamed Elhassan
Published: December 2018

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have emerged as an important cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections ranging from mild to severe life-threatening infections. Therefore, a reliable detection of such strains is required for effective treatment. Objectives: To determine the frequency and the antibiogram of MRSA among different clinical isolates. Study Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study. Materials and Methods: Standard bacteriological methods, disk diffusion and PCRwere performed to determine the frequency of MRSA among different clinical isolates. Results: The overall results showed 96/210 (45.7%) of isolates were MRSA mostly recovered from wounds and blood stream. High percentage was detected in hospitalassociated (HA) strains (64.2%) rather than community (CA) (37.1%) (P-value < 0.001). From the generated Antibiogram, Co-trimoxazole was the most active (80.2%), while Penicillin was the least one (6.2%). Conclusion: As MRSA strains were mostly isolated from Hospitals, clinicians should beaware of such burden strains. Local frequency investigation of MRSA is recommended for perfect diagnosis and treatment.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of a Sudanese Herbal Plant (Piliostigma reticulatum)
Authors: Kafi S. K. , Abdalla F. M. , Eljack M. S.
Published: December 2018

Background: Piliostigma reticulatum is a plant that is found in a wide area of SaheloSudanian region of Africa. It is widely used in Africa as a traditional medicine for the treatment of a wide range of diseases including epilepsy, anxiety, and agitation. The leaf extract was found to have antimicrobial activity. In Sudan (Nuba mountains in particular), it is widely used to dress new wounds and as well puerperal sepsis.Moreover it’s fruit is eaten and used to prepare juice. Reported studies concerning antimicrobial activity of the plant in Sudan could not be found. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial action of Ethanolic and Aqueous extract of leaves and barks of the plant.
Methods: Barks and leaves of P. reticulatum were obtained from North Kordofan State. They were then air dried in the shade and milled into powder using Mortar. Methanolic and water extract of each part of the plant was prepared using a Soxhlet apparatus. The following concentrations of extracts of each part (bark and leaves)of the plant were prepared using Distilled water (50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml, 6.25 mg/ml, 3.125 mg/ml, and 1.56 mg/ml). Antimicrobial action of the different concentrations of the extracts of the two parts of the plant on selected bacterial and fungal species was performed using well diffusion technique. Antimicrobialsusceptibility of the tested organisms to serial concentrations (40 µg, 20 µg, 10 µg, and 5 µg) of three antibacterial (Gentamicin, Ampicillin, and Tetracycline) and 2 antifungal (Nystatin and clotrimazole) was evaluated using well diffusion method.
Results: The methanolic extract of P. reticulatum leaves showed high antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (inhibition zone 22 mm), S. aureus (25 mm), P.aeruginosa (23 mm), and E.coli (20 mm). The extract also showed antifungal activity against A. niger (23 mm) and C. albicans (23 mm). The aqueous extract revealed low activity against P. aeruginosa (10 mm) and no action on the rest of the microorganisms.
Cyclin D1 Immunohistochemical Expression in Sudanese Patients Affected with Prostatic Carcinoma in Khartoum State
Authors: Hadi Muaid Ali Obeid , Talha Albadawi abdelbagi , Ahmed Ali Seed , Babiker Abdalraheem Ali
Published: December 2018

Prostatic carcinoma is a common public health problem in aging people. Cyclin D1 proto-oncogene is an important regulator of G1 to S phase progression in many different cell types. It is believed to play an important role in both tumorigenesis and grading of many cancers including prostatic carcinoma; high levels of these proteins have been reported in certain human malignancies and have been implicated in aberrant cell division and dysregulated tumor growth. The aims of this study was to examine the immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 in prostatic carcinoma and to demonstrate the association or relation between Cyclin D1 expressions and to determine the aggressiveness of the malignant tumors by Gleason Score. In this study, 50 samples, 25 cases of prostatic cancer and 25 cases of benign prostatic tissues, were studied for Cyclin D1 expression using an immunohistochemical technique which was performed on routinely processed, formalin-fixed, and paraffinembedded tissues; the tissues were then sectioned into thickness of (3–5 µm) with rotary microtome instrument, and immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 was evaluated in all cases. All of the primary human prostatic cancer samples revealed in different ranges of intensity from weak (+1), moderate (+2) to strongly positive nuclear staining (+3) for Cyclin D1. In this study, we revealed no nuclear staining inthe benign prostatic hyperplasia (PBH) disease (+0) in 21 cases (84%), and 4 cases (16%) were ranged in different color intensity; 3 (12%) were weak (1+) and 1 (4%) was moderate (2+), while prostatic cancer cases were also evaluated in different color intensity; 13 cases (52%) were (+3), 7 (28%) were (+2), 3 were (12%) were (+1), and only two (8%) were negative. There was no significance correlation between Gleason’s score and the intensity of Cyclin D1 expression. Conclusively, it can be said that Cyclin D1 may be helpful in the differentiation between BPH and prostate cancer, the correlation between the intensity of Cyclin D1 expression and prostatic diseases was statistically highly significant (p-value = 0.00). The authors recommend to use Cyclin D1 as a tumor marker to prostatic carcinoma.
Prognostic Roles of C-Reactive Protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate As Acute Phase Reactants in Mentally Challenged Subjects
Authors: Atere Adedeji David , Oseni Bashiru S. A. , Adebua Ifelola Patience , Fapohunda Joshua Seun , Aigbokheo Idomeh Festus
Published: December 2018

Background: A mental disorder is a psychiatric disease that presents as mild or severe disturbances in a person’s behavior, mood, or thought. Mental illnesses are very common because of excessive stress. Recent studies show that mental illnesses are on the rise generally because of increasing stress. In Nigeria, medical records suggest an upsurge in mental health cases since the onset of the country’s economic downturn and the consequent trauma following it. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an indirect marker of serum acute-phase protein concentrations, whereas C-reactive protein (CRP) is a direct protein measurement and it is inherently more well-defined. This study thus evaluated the roles of ESR and CRP as sensitive markers of inflammation and correlated their levels with severity stratification and prognosis in schizophrenic patients.
Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study, and it was carried out on 40 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Thirty (30) controls were matched for age and sex; 8 millimeters of venous blood was collected from each participant using ante-cubital veins. Samples collected were dispensed into appropriate bottles foranalysis of CRP and hematological parameters using standard laboratory procedures. Statistical analysis of the data was done appropriately and P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: At the end of the study, the mean granulocytes, ESR, and CRP were significantly higher in schizophrenia cases than in the controls, while the mean PCV, RBC, and hemoglobin were significantly lower in the subjects. CRP had a higher area than ESR under the ROC curve (AUROC).
Conclusion: This study thus evaluated the role of ESR and CRP as sensitive markers of inflammation and acute phase reactants in schizophrenic patients. The findings showed that CRP was a better diagnostic or predictor treatment outcome of schizophrenia.
ارتباط وضعیت اقتصادی-اجتماعی خانوار با چاقی عمومی و چاقی شکمی در کودکان دبستانی شهر فرخ شهر در سال 1388
Authors: بصیرت ریحانه , هاشمی پریسا حاجی , مقدم اسماء سالاری , شفیعی فاطمه , زاده احمد اسماعیل , لاریجانی باقر , ابرقویی امین صالحی
Published: December 2018

مقدمه: با توجه به محدودیت اطلاعات در رابطه با وضعیت اقتصادی- اجتماعی و چاقی عمومی/ شکمی در کودکان، هدف ما بررسی ارتباط بین وضعیت اقتصادی-اجتماعی خانوار و چاقی کودکان است.
روش بررسی: این مطالعه مقطعی در فرخ‌شهر بر روی دانش آموزان 12-6 ساله در سال 1388 انجام شد. به وسیله نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه­ای چند مرحله­ای 380 نفر از نواحی مختلف انتخاب شدند. با استفاده از پرسش نامه، وضعیت اقتصادی- اجتماعی تعریف شد و شرکت‌کنندگان به صورت سهک دسته‌بندی شدند. اضافه وزن/چاقی و هم چنین چاقی شکمی بر مبنای حدود مرزی ملی مختص سن و جنس تعریف شدند. مقایسه متغیرهای پیوسته و دسته­بندی شده به ترتیب بوسیله Independent samples’ t-test و آزمون مجذور کای انجام شد. برای ارزیابی وضعیت اقتصادی- اجتماعی در ارتباط با چاقی عمومی و شکمی در مدل­های تعدیل شده تک/چند متغیره از آنالیز رگرسیون لجستیک استفاده شد. تمام آنالیزهای آماری با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS15 انجام شد.value P کمتر از 05/0 از نظر آماری معنی­دار در نظر گرفته شد.
نتایج: با مقایسه افراد بالاترین سهک با پایین‌ترین سهک، تفاوت معنی­داری در میانگین دورکمر دیده نشد، ولی افراد سهک متوسط بعد از کنترل مخدوشگرهای بالقوه، میانگین BMI بالاتری داشتند (27/0±19/16در مقابل 27/0±27/15 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع، 002/0=P). شانس اضافه وزن/ چاقی در افراد بالاترین سهک نسبت به پایین‌ترین سهک بیشتر بود (4=OR، 59/10–53/1=CI‌ 95%، 004/0=Ptrend). ارتباط معنی­داری بین وضعیت اقتصادی-اجتماعی و چاقی شکمی قبل و  بعد از کنترل مخدوشگرهای بالقوه دیده نشد.
نتیجه‌گیری: کودکان بالاترین سهک شانس بیشتری برای اضافه وزن/چاقی داشتند.
فراتحلیل اثربخشی درمان¬های مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر افسردگی و اضطراب (پژوهش های منتشر شده در ایران بین سال¬های ۱۳۸۰ تا ۱۳۹۵)
Authors: زهرا سادات حسینی , مجید یوسفی افراشته , مروتی ذکراله
Published: December 2018

مقدمه: افسردگی و اضطراب از شایع­ترین اختلال­های روان شناختی محسوب می­شوند، بنابراین لازم است تا در جهت ارتقای روش­های درمانی میزان اثربخشی درمان­های گوناگون مورد مطالعه قرار بگیرد. از این رو پژوهش حاضر، با هدف بررسی فراتحلیل میزان اثربخشی درمان­های مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر افسردگی و اضطراب بر اساس تحقیقات صورت گرفته در ایران بین سال­های ۱۳۸۰ تا ۱۳۹۵ صورت گرفته است.
روش بررسی: در این پژوهش از روش فراتحلیل استفاده گردید و پس از بررسی تعداد زیادی از مقالات و پژوهش­های صورت گرفته، با استفاده از پایگاه های اطلاعاتی مثل SID، Magiran، Irandoc، Civilica، Ricest، Noormags  و Ensani.ir ۳۸ مطالعه انتخاب گردید. هم چنین در جهت رعایت ملاک­های ورود و استخراج اطلاعات مربوط به هر مطالعه از چک لیست استفاده شد و در نهایت ۵۹ اندازه اثر گزارش گردید. تحلیل­های آماری مربوطه با استفاده از نرم افزار فراتحلیل جامع (CMA-2) صورت گرفته است.
نتایج: یافته­های حاصل نشان داد که درمان­های مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی به­طور معنی­دار در سطح خطای کمتر از ۰۵/۰ بر افسردگی و اضطراب موثر بوده است و اندازه اثر ترکیبی حاصل برای افسردگی و اضطراب بر حسب مقیاس هم بستگی به ترتیب ۵۷۴/۰ و ۶۰۷/۰، بر حسب مقیاس تفاوت میانگین­های استاندارد ۴۲۷/۱ و ۵۵۴/۱ و بر حسب مشخصه g هجز نیز ۳۸۹/۱ و ۵۱۱/۱ گزارش شد. هم چنین بررسی متغیر جنسیت به عنوان متغیر تعدیل کننده نیز عدم معنی­داری تفاوت مشاهده شده را نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتیجه این فراتحلیل نشان می­دهد که درمان­های مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی با استفاده از تکنیک­هایی چون توجه بر زمان حال و پذیرش بدون قضاوت هیجان­ها در بهبود نشانه­های افسردگی و اضطراب به­طور معنی دار و با اندازه اثر بالا موثر است.
 
واژه‌های کلیدی: فراتحلیل، ذهن آگاهی، افسردگی، اضطراب
ارزیابی کارایی فنی مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی با استفاده مدل ترکیبی تحلیل پوششی دادهها و نظریه بازی: مورد مطالعه مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهرستان یزد
Authors: احمدآبادی حبیب زارع , مسعودیان سپیده , بنادکوکی محمدرضا زارع
Published: December 2018

مقدمه: بهبود عملکرد مراکز بهداشتی درمانی به ارزیابی عملکرد آنها وابسته است. ارزیابی کارایی نسبی مراکز بهداشتی درمانی در طراحی نظام مدیریت عملکرد بهداشتی نقش موثری دارد.
روش بررسی: در این پژوهش از شیوه شبه آزمایشی مبتنی بر مدل سازی ریاضی برای شناسایی و بررسی رفتار متغیرهای تبیین گر کارایی مراکز بهداشتی استفاده شده است. ابتدا با بررسی پیشینه، ورودی‌ها و خروجی‌های مرتبط با عملکرد مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شناسایی گردید. سپس با کمک خبرگان حوزه‌های مختلف عملکردی، تناسب‌سنجی شاخص‌ها و داده های مورد نیاز صورت گرفت. با جمع‌آوری داده‌های مربوطه، زمینه مدل‌سازی ریاضی مبتنی بر شیوه تلفیقی DEA-Game مهیا شد و با کمک نرم‌افزارهای DEA-Solver و Lingo مدل‌های ریاضی مناسب طراحی و حل گردید.
نتایج: یافته ها حاکی از سطوح کارایی متفاوت و بعضاً تامل برانگیز بین مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهرستان یزد می‌باشد. نتایج نشان می دهد که اغلب مراکز بهداشتی درمانی امتیاز ترکیبی بین 6/0 تا 9/0 داشته و تنها دو مرکز بهداشتی درمانی پنبه کاران و اکبری صفائیه در مرز کارا قرار دارند. هموار شدن امتیازها مؤید وجود ضعف‌های سیستمی و یکسان در مراکز بهداشتی درمانی می‌باشد. در اکثر حوزه های عملکردی نظیر بهداشت خانواده شامل کودکان، مادران باردار، زنان و سالمندان و بهداشت درصد تغییرات لازم در پرسنل بهداشت برای کاراشدن واحدها کمتر از سایر ورودی هاست.
نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از مدل سازی ترکیبی مبتنی بر DEA-Game امکان تحلیل هم زمان کارایی مرکز بهداشتی درمانی را در هفت حوزه مختلف عملکردی فراهم می سازد. تحلیل توامان همکاری بین مراکز در ارتقاء کارایی کل سیستم بهداستی درمانی و رقابت بر بهره برداری بهتر از منابع، از ویژگی های متمایز استفاده از این شیوه می باشد که مورد تائید رسیده است.
 
واژه‌های کلیدی: مدیریت عملکرد، کارایی فنی، تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها، تئوری بازی‌ها، مراکز بهداشتی درمانی
The Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Effects of Cosmos caudatus Ethanolic Extract on Cervical Cancer
Authors: Nurhayati Betty , Rahayu Ira Gustira , Rinaldi Sonny Feisal , Zaini Wawan Sofwan , Afifah Ervi , Arumwardana Seila , Kusuma Hanna Sari Widya , Rizal Rizal , Widowati Wahyu
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is closely related to all aspects of cancer. Cosmos caudatus ethanolic extract (CCEE) has been proved to have antioxidant effect that inhibited cancer cell growth due to its bioactive compounds such as catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant and anticancer activity of CCEE and its compounds.METHODS: Total phenol was measured according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid contained in CCEE were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)-reducing activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity test. The cytotoxic activity of CCEE was determined by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay on HeLa cells.RESULTS: The result showed that total phenol of CCEE was 181.64±0.93 µg Cathecin/mg extract. ABTSreducing activity test showed that catechin had the highest activity (2.90±0.04 µg/mL), while CCEE had moderate activity compared to other compounds. FRAP activity test demonstrated that catechin had the highest activity (315.83 µM Fe(II)/µg) compared to other compounds. DPPH scavenging activity of CCEE was 22.82±0.05 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity test on HeLa cell showed that CCEE had lower activity (inhibitory concentration (IC)50= 89.90±1.30 µg/mL) compared to quercetin (IC50 = 13.30±0.64 µg/ mL).CONCLUSION: CCEE has the lowest antioxidant activity compared to quercetin, catechin, and chlorogenic acid and has the lowest anticancer activity compared to quercetin. However, CCEE and its compounds has potential as antioxidant and anticancer properties.KEYWORDS: antioxidant, anticancer, catechin, Cosmos caudatus, quercetin
Pre-service EFL Teacher Cognition: Learning to Teach English through Authentic Materials
Authors: Ökcü Dilan , Çiftçi Hatime
Published: December 2018

The
main purpose of this study is to investigate how pre-service EFL teachers
construct their knowledge and understanding while learning to teach through the
use of authentic materials over a 5-week training program. The methodology
involved a case study design with one Tanzanian and three Turkish pre-service
EFL teachers at Department of English Language Teaching (ELT) of a private
university in the northwest of Turkey. Drawing on qualitative research, the
study utilized various data sources including focus group interviews,
reflection papers, in-class discussions, diaries, and observation notes. The
analysis revealed four major themes that appear to have an influence on the
participants’ construction of knowledge and understanding in learning to teach
English through authentic materials: the role of micro-teaching, the role of
training, L2 learning experiences, and access to real life. The study
demonstrated that the process of pre-service teachers’ cognition of learning to
teach through authentic materials is complex and several factors are in order.
Modern Trends of Perceiving Scientific and Expert Knowledge in the Society
Authors: Nebolsina Elena V.
Published: December 2018

Modern society facing the necessity of dealing with global warming, estimating the consequences of rapid development of new technologies and securing favorable living environment tends to have ambiguous opinion on the results of research conducted by scientists and experts. Scientific achievements of latest centuries have been aimed not only at improving the level of life of the population but at solving political problems by means of developing and spreading nuclear energy and different viruses. For decades reputable scientists have been invited to tele- and radio studios to discuss new efficient vaccines, vitamins, harm and benefits of electro-magnetic emission of mobile phones. A huge flow of information prevents the viewers and listeners of such programmes from being able to define whether reason moves scientists or they are eager to make fortune on advertising which makes common citizens doubt available data and trust scientists less. Meanwhile, academia and other experts in the field realizing the burden of potential consequences are trying to look into the current state of affairs in order to finally improve the quality of scientific research and get across to those whom this research is aimed at. On the basis of analysis of a range of argumentative materials the author outlines changes in major components of understanding trust in science and factors building up the authority of science in the society as well as specifies potential stimulus of strengthening trust in science.