bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Leg Injury Criteria Subjected to Frontal Impacts
Authors: Nursherida J. Mai , Nuraini A.A. , Barkawi Sahari B. , Ali Aidy , Faieza A.A. , Ismail Tuan Hafandi Tuan , Azim A. , Salwani M. Salleh , Nabilah M.S. , Aini S.S. , Shahril M. , Norhidayah M.H.
Published: June 2012

The leg injury criteria subjected to frontal impact is presented and discussed. The aim is to analyze the effect of steel material of bumper shell on pedestrian leg injury criteria of front bumper system. The front bumper beam is made of mild steel and characterized by impact modeling using LS-DYNA V971, according to United States New Car Assessment Program (US-NCAP) frontal impact velocity and based on European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee. The most important variable of this structure are mass, material, internal energy, and Leg Injury Criterion (LIC). In order to evaluate the protective performance of the baseline hood, the Finite Element Models (FEM) of legform of an adult pedestrian is used. The result shows that the acceleration of 91.5 g, shear displacement of 4.2 mm and bending angle of 12.0˚ graphs are performing below the danger limit. The reason found to be there were no contact between the front bumper beam and the legform, so that the injury is less. This is shows that the clearance between the bumper shell and front bumper beam are sufficient.
Performance of Aluminium Alloy Side Door Subjected to Pole Impact Test
Authors: Azim A. , Ali Aidy , Barkawi Sahari B. , Nuraini A.A. , Faieza A.A. , Ismail Tuan Hafandi Tuan , Salwani M. Salleh , Nursherida J. Mai , Nabilah M.S. , Aini S.S. , Shahril M. , Norhidayah M.H.
Published: June 2012

This paper presents the performance of Aluminium Alloy side door subjected to side pole impact test. Aluminium Alloy is used in order to reduce the overall car weight. Therefore further improvements of the Aluminium Alloy side door system were carried out to obtain similar crash performance with the conventional steel side door system. The main crash performance properties are the internal energy, bending displacement, and mass. These properties were used to simulate the pole impact test using LS-DYNA Finite Element software. The improvements techniques used involved parameters such as thickness variation of the parts, ribs addition, beam shape variations, and combination of the factors. From the tests, three designs which include combination of parameters have met the target requirements. Thus, the use of Aluminium Alloy in side door system is acceptable provided there are improvements regarding the crash performance.
Quality Improvement in Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) System Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Methodology
Authors: Syed Bahari Syed Najib , Wan Yusoff Wan Ahmad
Published: June 2012

This paper intends to present the application of FMEA method on Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) system. Catalytic converter of auto-exhaust emission is one of the most successful applications of heterogeneous catalysis, both in commercial and environmental point of view. FMEA method will be applied to this system to quantitatively determine and evaluate its risk factors. This method is being employed effectively for identifying and addressing what potentially could go wrong with a product or process. It is expected to enhance the lifetime of the TWC by improving its resistance to deactivation. It is widely accepted that FMEA is one of the best quality improvement tool. For the last several decades, FMEA has been widely used in industry especially in automotive sectors. This research will cover mostly on the system and design of the TWC itself as the most important part for controlling the exhaust emission from automobiles. By improving its resistance to deactivation will contribute to longer lifetime of automotive catalytic converter.
Effect of Load Carriage on the Backpack Vibration System
Authors: Rahman Sharifah Alwiah Abdul , Rambely Azmin Sham , Ahmad Rokiah Rozita
Published: June 2012

Vibration causes many problems in human health, comfort and performance. While walking with a backpack, movement of the backpack relative to the body causes a vibration which behaves like a spring that moves up and down following the motion of the body. In order to analyse the backpacks response to trunk motion, a backpack vibration system has been developed in this study. A model of a backpack-human trunk system, which is represented by a mass-spring system with a damper, and a Fourier series as an external force, is used to describe the motion of the vibration system. The vibration system was analysed using constant values of damping and spring stiffness (c=1 andk= 5) but with different values of the mass of the backpack. Increasing the mass of the backpack from 10% of body weight to 15 and 20% of body weight increased the amplitude of both the displacement and velocity of the backpack vibration system. However, the frequencies of the vibration system decreased as the mass of the backpack increased.
Effects of Rim and Web Thicknesses on Root Stresses of Thin-Rimmed Helical Gear
Authors: Imaduddin Helmi W.N. , Idris D.M.N. Daing , Hafis Mohd Bin Sulaiman , Salmie Suhana Che Abdullah , Ando K. , Miyachika Kouitsu , Koide Takao
Published: June 2012

This paper presents a study on root stresses of thin-rimmed helical gears with web arrangement of various rim and web thickness. Thin-rimmed helical gears used in this study were meshed with solid helical gear. Root stresses were measured from the beginning of engagement to the end of engagement by using the strain gauge method. The changes of root stresses from the beginning of engagement to the end of engagement were examined and the meshing position where the maximum root stress occurred (worst loading position) was determined. Effects of rim and web thickness on the root stress, the maximum root stress and the position of maximum root stress were clarified.
Design of Special Purpose off Road Vehicle (SPORV) for Unmanned Ground Vehicle Application
Authors: Suhaimi Aizul Fazli , Saad Mohamad Hanif Md , Shukri Muhammad Faiz Mohd , Aziz Shamsul Akmar Bin Ab , Yusoff Mohd Fazli Mohd
Published: June 2012

This paper describes the design of a Special Purpose Off Road Vehicle which was developed as the main body for an Unmanned Ground Vehicle. The stringent requirement for off-road capabilities and the need to incorporate a plethora of vision based sensing mechanism was the main design criteria that were fulfilled by the Special Purpose Off Road Vehicle. The Special Purpose Off Road Vehicle is incorporated with a host of actuators, instrumentation and drive circuits, Data Acquisition System and remote communication and control module. The Special Purpose Off Road Vehicle is also equipped with an onboard 2 GHZ Pentium Core 2 Duo Processor Class PC that serves as the main controller when it is operated in the UGV mode. The final prototype unit of the Special Purpose Off Road Vehicle was successfully designed, developed and fabricated according to the set requirement and is used as a research prototype unit at Science and Technology Research Institute for Defence, Ministry Of Defence, Malaysia.
Damage Mechanics Model for Fracture Process of Steel-Concrete Composite Slabs
Authors: Joshani M. , Koloor S.S.R. , Abdullah Redzuan
Published: June 2012

Composite slab construction using permanent cold-formed steel decking has become one of the most economical and industrialized forms of flooring systems in modern building structures. Structural performance of the composite slab is affected directly by the horizontal shear bond phenomenon at steel-concrete interface layer. This study utilizes 3D nonlinear finite element quasi-static analysis technique to analyze the shear bond damage and fracture mechanics of the composite slabs. Fracture by opening and sliding modes of the plain concrete over the corrugated steel decking had been modeled with concrete damaged plasticity model available in ABAQUS/Explicit module. The horizontal shear bond was simulated with cohesive element. Cohesive fracture properties such as fracture energy and initiation stress were derived from horizontal shear bond stress versus end slip curves. These curves were extracted from bending tests of narrow width composite slab specimens. Results of the numerical analyses match the experimental results accurately. This study demonstrated that the proposed finite element model and analysis procedure can predict the behavior of composite slabs accurately. The procedure can be used as a cheaper alternative to experimental work for investigating the ultimate strength and actual fracture and damage behavior of steel-concrete composite slab systems.
New In-Wheel Electric Motor Design for Small Electric Vehicle Using Opera2D
Authors: Rezal M. , Ishak Dahaman
Published: June 2012

Due to the increasing of fuel price, a new approach for the vehicle propulsion system needs to be developed. One of the approaches is by applying an electric motor in the vehicle propulsion unit. A new in-wheel electric motor is designed using finite element software Opera2D. This electric motor is intended to be applied for a small electric vehicle with a maximum speed up to 60 km/h. The electric motor is directly connected to the wheel of the electric vehicle. The total mass of electric vehicle is about 200 kg and the electrical power is fully supplied by rechargeable batteries. The proposed motor is based on the radial technology and one types of motor are developed i.e. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with different value of motor parameters. The better motor design will be implemented in the small electric vehicle. The torque, speed, and power of the developed electric motor are simulated using Opera2D after the actual electric motor dimension is created in the Opera2D. After the simulated results are obtained, then the next phase is to fabricate the actual motor using laminated steel iron, permanent magnet, and coils.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Lift and Drag Force of Sedan Car Spoiler
Authors: Norwazan A.R. , Khalid A.J. , Zulkiffli A.K. , Nadia O. , Fuad M.N.
Published: June 2012

Nowadays, the spoiler is fitted at the rear car to make the car looks sporty without taking any consideration to its shape and aerodynamic. This paper carried out other benefits of the rear spoiler respective to the engineering point of view. These study concerns about drag and lift forces were produced by spoiler using wind tunnel test and simulation computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The main objective of this project is to compare the performances between the two methods in order to determine the aerodynamics performance of three different types of spoiler. The results of CLand CDhave been determined and compared for all the three spoilers including the baseline model as a reference. The result shows that the comparisons of all models have different value of CLand CDbut the model of spoiler 3 is more than 5%.
Power Analysis of Light Electric Vehicles Using Fundamental Calculations
Authors: Sabri M. , Rezal M.
Published: June 2012

This paper presents a study of the power needed by batteries to drive an electric vehicle for specific purpose using basic theory and fundamental formulas. In order to develop an electric vehicle, the energy and power requirements of the vehicle in various driving environments need to be estimated. The energy efficiency of a vehicle depends primarily upon the specific vehicle design and the environment in which the vehicle is operated. Basic parameters are set off in the beginning such as car weight and much more comprehensive parameter will developed later such as vehicle cruising velocity. Generally, four forces affect vehicle motion; aerodynamic resistance, rolling resistance, climbing resistance and acceleration power. The total of these four forces will result in an estimation of maximum power needed for the electric vehicle.
Effect of Retrogression Medium to the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy 7075
Authors: Yao Ng Guan , Warikh Bin Abd Rashid Mohd , Zolkepli Buang , Nadiah N. , Leng S.C.
Published: June 2012

Aluminum alloy 7075 is a useful material in industry due to its light weight, high strength, and resistance to general corrosion properties. The drawback of this alloy is its susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). From the previous research, it was found that retrogression and re-aging (RRA) heat treatment is able to improve the SCC resistance of this alloy. In this study, the mechanical properties and microstructure alteration due to RRA was studied. First, the tensile specimens are heat treated to T6 and then retrogressed at 165/185/205°C for 10/30 minutes followed by re-aging at 120°C for 24 hours. The retrogression methods are categorized as standard retrogression and oil retrogression. Next, the specimens were gone through tensile test, hardness test, and microstructure characterization by using SEM. From the mechanical test result, the tensile strength and hardness of the alloy decreased upon the increment of retrogression temperature and time. The highest tensile strength of 638.48 MPa was observed at oil retrogress sample at 165°C for 10 minutes which is slight higher than T6 sample. Besides, different phases of precipitation were reviewed by the Kellers etching process. Also, the volume fraction ofηphase is increased upon increasing the retrogression temperature and time.
Automotive Noise Insulation Composite Panel Using Natural Fibres with Different Perforation Areas
Authors: R. Zulkifli , Thye T.K. , Tahir Mohd Faizal Bin Mat , Ismail Ahmad Rasdan , Nor Mohd Jailani Mohd
Published: June 2012

This research was carried out to study the acoustic properties of natural organic fibres; kenaf and coir fibres using impedance tube method. Kenaf fibre was used as noise absorber filler in an insulation panel while the coir fibre as reinforcement in the perforated composite panel. The perforated panel was made from coir fibre/polyester composites with coir fibre volume fraction of 10%, 20% and 30%. The perforation area of the perforated panel was also varied at 10%, 20% and 30%. During the processing stage, the kenaf fibre sheet has been treated with PVA and cut into 100 mm and 30 mm diameter sample for low and high frequency test. The density of the coir fibre is determined to be 32.2 g/cm3 while the density of the kenaf fibre is 42.6 g/cm3. The tests were carried out using impedance tube at acoustic lab, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia using ISO 10534-2 standard for noise absorption coefficients to determine their noise absorption coefficient. The results obtained show that the optimum noise absorption coefficient index for kenaf fibre is 0.8 with 10% fibre volume fraction of coir fibre/polyester perforated composites panel at 10% perforation areas.
Robust Control for Uncertain Structural System Based on LMI
Authors: Gao Zhen Bin
Published: June 2012

This paper presents an active vibration control scheme for uncertain structural system. The state feedback controller is designed in term of Hinf robust control theory and the optimal solu- tion is obtained by using LMI convex optimal technique. A numerical example of three-degree-of- freedom system is taken to verify the proposed approach.The simulations demonstrate the effective- ness and feasibility.
Research on Signal Transmission Property of Wireless Sensor Networks for Test System
Authors: Sun Jianpeng , Zhu Chao Fu , Zhao Jin Long
Published: June 2012

By using the key technology of wireless sensor networks, a stress test system was designed, which takes the M2110 wireless sensor networks as a platform. Based on the hardware design and software design of TinyOS2.0 sensor nodes and gateway nodes, the signal transmission performance of wireless sensor networks for the stress test system was tested and researched. In the visual conditions, the maximum communication distance of M2110 wireless node is up to 601 meters. In the non-visual conditions, M2110 wireless node also has a certain signal transmission capacity. On the situation of multi-hop nodes network, the success rate of data transfer has relation to the transmission rate of data packet and the number of hops for nodes.
Analysis of Steel Braced Frame Structure Response Encountered Higher Seismic Intensity
Authors: Li Ming , Liu Yong Fang , Jia Lian Guang , Liu Yong , Du Jingfeng
Published: June 2012

Structure may encounter higher seismic fortification intensity than adopted. So how the structure reacts in that case becomes a concerned problem for civil engineers. In order to solve the problem, the response of a steel braced frame structure is analyzed in this paper when facing higher seismic fortification intensity. The result shows that the lateral sway between layers, the vertex displacement, the bending and shear strength of the frame beams and the stability of the components are still meet the design requirements, and steel frame structure has good seismic performance.
An Alternative Method of Estimating Piping Construction Projects
Authors: Lee Kyu Sung , Choi Jaeh Yun
Published: June 2012

This research involves developing a project management system for the piping construction projects. Piping construction as a part of mechanical package usually takes over 30% of total efforts for the industrial construction projects, thus is typically recognized as a critical work scope for the similar kinds of construction projects. Therefore, the piping construction under budget and within schedule is one of the crucial tasks for management, and it takes accurate prediction of performance throughout the project execution process. The researchers suggest an alternative model be utilized to accurately forecast piping work efforts required for the piping construction. The model developed incorporates difficulty factors to estimate the level of efforts more accurately and the validation of the model is in progress. The alternative method of forecast may improve the accuracy significantly.
Applied Research on CL Structural System in the Construction of Affordable Housing
Authors: Hao Yun Hong , Jin Tie Shun , Zhao Ke Xin
Published: June 2012

CL (composite light-weight) building structural system is a new composite shear wall structure, which is light, good integrity, excellent seismic performance, insulation and structure of the body of the same life, good fire performance, increased use of area, and other advantages, this paper studies the structural properties of CL on the basis of case through the construction of affordable housing in advantages in the application.
Damage Identification of Arch Bridge Based on Curvature Mode Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Guan De Qing , Zhong Xiao Lin , Ying Hong Wei
Published: June 2012

Based on the curvature modal damage identification of wavelet analysis principle, the finite element method was applied to analyze the vibration characteristics of the damaged deck arch bridge. Take Haar wavelet as the mother wavelet, through the continuous wavelet transform of curvature mode and then identified the damaged position by the maximum of wavelet coefficients. analyze the damage identification problem under three different damaged conditions (condition 1: only the arch 1 contained one damaged location; condition 2: the arch 1 and the arch 2 contained one damaged location respectively; condition 3: the arch 1 contained two damaged locations and the arch 2 contained one damaged location).This paper provided a valuable reference of damage identification and diagnosis for arch bridge.
Damage Detection Analysis of Simple Beams Based on Strain Mode
Authors: Guo Xiang , Wu Jia Quan , Ma Kun
Published: June 2012

The damage identification research based on strain mode was discussed in this paper, and based on MATLAB, the models on the severy conditions of preset damaged was compared also. The results show that this method is more rapid, and the parameters impact of the strain mode is more intuitive than other finite element analysis software. The damage location and the extent of injury of simply beam can accurately determined by strain mode shapes. The conclusion is theoretical academic significance value of assess in service bridge structure examination.
Damage Identification Method Research Based on the Change Rate of Strain Mode
Authors: Wang Shu Wei , Zhou Ying Ming
Published: June 2012

Damage identification method based on the change rate of strain mode is studied in this paper. Reinforced concrete frame structure as a researching object, true strain mode of structure is obtained by external excitation, graphics of strain mode and change rate of strain mode of the frame structure before and after the damage are established and analyzed. The results show that the change rate of strain mode is sensitive to the damage, and the location and extent of the damage can be judged through this method.
Research and Application of Pre-Stressed Concrete Composite Slabs
Authors: Zhang Jing Shu , Nie Huan Huan , Yang Yuan Long , Yao Yuan
Published: June 2012

The pre-stressed concrete composite slab, which combines the advantages of cast-in-place slabs and precast slabs, has promising development prospects. In the paper, according to structural integrity, bond performance, sound insulation, thermal preservation and construction techniques, four categories composite slab, such as the composite slab with flat bottom panel (including the composite slab with bar truss reinforced precast concrete bottom panel), the concrete composite slab with precast ribbed panel, the composite slab with hollow bottom panel and the composite slab with sandwich bottom panel are studied. The composite slab with flat bottom panel has poor structural integrity, and its bond performance and crack resistance of edge joint details need to be improved; the composite slab with bar truss reinforced precast concrete bottom panel has enough bond force, but its storage and transportation are inconvenient; the concrete composite slab with precast ribbed panel has good structural integrity and convenient construction procedure; the composite slab with hollow bottom panel and the composite slab with sandwich bottom panel have functions of sound insulation and thermal preservation, however they are inadequacy to resist bending moment and have complex construction procedure. The concrete composite slab with precast ribbed panel is provided with good mechanical behavior, economy and practicability, and is worth further researching and promoting.
Evaluation of the Vulnerability Index for Unreinforced Masonry Structures
Authors: Djaalali Fouzia , Bensaibi Mahmoud , Bourahla Noreddine
Published: June 2012

Buildings constructed before the sixties in Algerian urban areas, are typically low and mid rise multi-storey buildings made of stone and/or brick masonry walls or infill light steel framing. These types of buildings are known to be vulnerable to seismic effects. Within this paper, an assessment of such existing structures, using the “Vulnerability Index” method is presented. This allows a good classification and description of the seismic quality of the structures taking into account both, structural and non structural parameters considered to be ones of the main parameters governing the vulnerability of the structure. A technical data sheet, including all information that might be used in an associated computer program in Delphi is subsequently developed. The results obtained show that the established classification confirms the observed information in situ.
Bearing Capacity of Fastener Steel Tube Full Hall Formwork Support Base on Stability of Pressed Pole with Multiple Point Restraint against Rotation
Authors: Lu Zheng Ran , Sui Xiao Min , Chen Zhi Hua
Published: June 2012

Through advanced non-linear finite element models in different geometric parameters that considering the semi-rigid character of the couplers, the critical loads and failure modes of many fastener steel tube full hall formwork supports (FFS) with and without bridging were evaluated. Thirteen FFS specimens were tested to failure in order to examine the stability behavior and failure modes of them. The finite element analysis (FEA) results were well consistent with those of the test what could prove its validity. On the basis of FEA and experimental research, simplified models and corresponding calculation formulas were established for the FFS under uniform load through choosing different buckling modes, which were verified by the experimental and analytical results and turned out to be accurate enough in predicting the strength. The simplified models presented here considering the semi-rigid character of right-angle coupler, effect of adjacent horizontal tube which provided a very useful reference for the industry as well as academia for design and future research.
Damage Detection of Reinforced Concrete Beams by Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Xue Gang
Published: June 2012

Simple-supported reinforced concrete (R.C) beams are subjected to an increasing static load in the middle to introduce cracks, and the last load step corresponds to failure. After each load step and unloading, an experimental dynamic monitoring is performed. Multiple degree freedom dynamic equation of the test beams is wavelet transformed, and structural dynamic response expression on multi-scale is acquired. It’s shown that multi-scale decomposition of signal comprises more structural damage information. By means of DASP signal processing system, binary wavelet transformation is applied to dynamic signal of reinforced concrete beams on different damage state. Through analyzing wave-figure of all frequency scales, the damage of reinforced concrete beams is detected.
Study on Inhibition Effect of Extractives on Building Bamboo’s Termite Prevention
Authors: Peng Wan Xi , Wu Feng Juan , Cui Le , Xue Qiu , Qin Dao Chun
Published: June 2012

Bamboo is widely used in building construction in south China. However, Termites are the natural enemies of bamboo building. Therefore, the inhibition effect of extractives on building bamboo’s termite prevention was studied. The results shown that the benzene / ethanol extractives of camphor tree roots, camphor leaves,Cedrus deodara leaves needles, and torch pine leaves had the better toxic effect to termites among the 15 extractives.
Experimental Research on Structure and Performance of Joints in Cold-Rolled Rectangular Hollow Sections
Authors: Hu Sheng De , Zhang Jing , Li Li Xin , Chang Qing Ming
Published: June 2012

The microstructure and mechanical behavior of welded joints under different technologies were compared for investigating the influence of technological parameters on microstructure and property of weld seam on thick-walled cold-rolled-forming high frequency induction welded (HFIW) tubes. The results show that microstructure of joints consists of a decarburized layer, an overheated area, a recrystallized zone and a partially-recrystallized zone. The opening angle and the welding surface energy (WSE) are important factors affecting microstructure and weld quality. The width of the heat-affected zone is proportional to the WSE. With increase of the WSE, the mean bend angle increases first and decrease later, showing a "mountain-peak" variation. The optimum WSE decreases with decrease of the opening angle because the smaller the opening angle is, the higher the heating efficiency is. The influence of processing parameter on the bending capability of joints is remarkable, while which on the impact toughness can be ignored.
Cumulative Damage Investigation of Research Status and Problem Analysis of RC Structure
Authors: Zhang Pin Le
Published: June 2012

Reinforced concrete (RC) structural walls are one of the most commonly used lateral load resisting systems for high-rise buildings in strong seismic regions because of its good lateral resistance. Serious damage occurs when RC structure subjected to strong seismic action. Classified and brief comment of documents concerning damage indices and its calculation methods are conducted. It could be concluded that most of the damage evaluative models can not directly consider the effect of cumulative damage of material to mechanical properties of structure. Suggestions are proposed to improve the accuracy in damage evaluation of RC structure.
Experimental Research on Ductility and Bearing Capacity of T-Shaped Columns with HRB500 Reinforcement
Authors: Li Yan Yan , Qiao Jin Li , Zhang Jian Xin
Published: June 2012

In order to research the effect of stirrup ratio on ductility and bearing capacity of T-shaped columns with HRB500 reinforcement, three T-shaped columns with HRB500 reinforcement were tested under low cyclic loading. The damage characteristic, hysteretic curve, yield load, ultimate load, displacement ductility and curvature ductility were analyzed. It is shown that the T-shaped column with HRB500 reinforcement have excellent ductility, higher bearing capacity and better deformation behavior, which can meet the requirement of anti-seismic design. With the increase of stirrup ratio, the curvature ductility of T-shaped columns with HRB500 reinforcement increases and the hysteretic behavior improves.
Analysis of Soil Disturbance Caused by Pipe Jacking Construction
Authors: Sun Yang , Xu Zheng Liang
Published: June 2012

Open caisson is one of the common used structures, as a working shaft in pipe jacking project. Disturbance of the soil behind the reaction wall of open caisson (SBRWOC) will reduce the efficiency of jacking, and affect safety of site operation and control. However, there are few studies on disturbance of SBRWOC. In this paper, combining the project of parallel pipe jacking passing under the Guan River in Jiangsu Province, China, field monitoring of SBRWOC is carried out during pipe jacking construction, including earth pressure and lateral displacement of SBRWOC. The maximum lateral displacement of SBRWOC is about 27 mm and the maximum earth pressure is 98.5 kPa. These results are useful for engineers to study disturbance characteristics of SBRWOC and reduce environmental impacts during pipe jacking construction.
A Method of Damage Identification for Shear Buildings
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Ju Lin
Published: June 2012

Based on the easy testability and high measure precision of structural frequency, a damage identification method for shear buildings is presented. With frequency being regarded as the function of damage parameters, the linear equations with damage parameters as unknowns can be constructed via Taylor expansion. The equations are solved to locate the whole damage location and quantify the severity of the damage. Furthermore, the iteration-self modification is proposed to improve the accuracy of damage identification greatly. The data used in the method include frequency before and after damage. A numerical simulation example using a three-storey sheer structure is given to validate the present method.
Dynamic Response and Failure Mode Analysis on Light-Weight Steel Columns under Blast Loads
Authors: Yan Shi , Liu Lei , Li Peng , Xin Zhi Qiang , Qi Bao Xin
Published: June 2012

The dynamic response and failure mode of light-weight steel columns under blast loads were studied in this paper by using nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) software ANSYS/ LS-DYNA, aiming to develop the degree and modes of the excessive plastic deformation during failures of the columns under diverse parameters. The damaged columns with initial blast-induced deformation may evidently influence vertical stability of light-weight steel frame structures. During the numerical simulation, the element of three dimensional solid SOLID164 was used, and the strain rate effect on material strength was included in the material model with Plastic-Kinematic (MAT-03). The main parameters included in the analysis were boundary conditions, scaled distances of explosions, and the vertical compressive load ratios applied on tops of the columns. The results showed that the column with both two fixed ends was the most beneficial to resist blast shock wave, the horizontal displacement at the middle span of the columns were obviously decreasing as increasing of the scaled distances of the explosion, and the axial compression ratio only significantly influenced the column with a sliding end. The failure modes of the developed columns may be summarized as bending failure, direct shear failure, and bending shear combination failure.
Static Analysis of a Meteorological Tower under Lateral Loads
Authors: Su Zhi Bin , Sun Sheng Nan
Published: June 2012

To study a meteorological tower structure response under the lateral loads, the paper established a meteorological tower of reinforced concrete shell finite element model, By analyzing of the structure to get the structure and formation quality modal participation factor, and the structure of the wind load And the response under earthquake were analyzed by the structure of the base shear, overturning moment floors, floor displacements and story drift response.
Study of Strain Monitoring in a Construction of House Rectification
Authors: Yuan Bing , Cai Chu Yi , Huang Shao Teng
Published: June 2012

Combined with a project example, this paper introduces the method of cutting-off column and jacking was used in a construction of housing rectification. Based on the monitoring and the analysis of strain data of frame beam and column, the result indicated that strain monitoring can reflect the affection to the building during construction, guide the construction effectively and make the process successful.
Optimal Placement of Triaxial Accelerometers Using Modal Kinetic Energy Method
Authors: Yi Ting Hua , Wang Xiang , Li Hong Nan
Published: June 2012

Modal kinetic energy (MKE) method gives a measure of the dynamic contribution of each finite element model physical degree of freedom to each of the target mode shapes, and provides a rough idea where the maximum responses could be measured. It could help to select those sensor positions with possible large amplitudes, and to increase the signal to noise ratio, which is critical in harsh and noisy circumstances. Kammar proposed a new optimal placement method of triaxial accelerometers based up on the effective independence algorithm (EfI3), which places triaxial accelerometers as single units in an optimal fashion. On the basis of EfI3, this paper fully considers the mutual influence of three directions and makes some improvements for the traditional MKE method. A novel optimal placement method of triaxial accelerometers called MKE3 is proposed which is proved rational and effective by analysis the relationship between the EfI algorithm and MKE method.
Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviors of Steel Reinforced Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete Beams
Authors: Qin Wen Yue , Chen Yu Liang , Chen Zong Ping
Published: June 2012

In order to reveal the flexural behavior of normal section of steel reinforced recycled coarse aggregate concrete beams，6 steel reinforced recycled concrete beams were designed for flexural test，the study mainly considered the impact of coarse aggregate replacement rates and concrete strength grade two changing parameters on the flexural behavior of steel reinforced recycled coarse aggregate concrete beams. Through this test, the whole mechanical process、crack distribution and failure behavior of this kind of specimens were observed, and obtained the stress-strain distribution curves、the ultimate bearing capacity and load-displacement curves parameters. Based on the study measurement data, deeply analyzed the impact of coarse aggregate replacement rates and concrete strength grade on the flexural behavior of steel reinforced recycled coarse aggregate concrete beams. The result shows that: steel reinforced recycled coarse aggregate concrete beams’ failure pattern was similar to normal SRC beams, during loading process the section strain agreed with the plane-section assumption, and the beams have good bearing capacity and deformation performance.
Studies on the Changes in the Parameters Stability of Hinge Joint Concrete Block Slope
Authors: Zhang Yu Qing , Mi Yong Ning , Wang Lu , Zhao Jin Ting , Wang Zhen Guo , Shao Xin
Published: June 2012

Slope protection is to ensure the security of levee foundation engineering. This article take the actual project--the Bird Island Park of Shenyang City hinge joint concrete block slope,as an example, use of FLAC software and strengthen reduction method, calculated by 29°slope angle, 45kg block the effect slope stability factor of safety. In view of the different parameters (slope, block quality, bulk density, cohesion force, internal friction angle), discussion of various parameters on slope stability of safety coefficient, and obtained the best slope and block quality combination, so as to the slope protection design and application reference.
Preliminary Study on Dynamic Progressive Collapse Analysis of Spatial Composite Frames with Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns
Authors: Zhou Xiao Yan , Wang Jing Xuan , Wang Wen Da
Published: June 2012

This paper presented a progressive collapse analysis of spatial composite frame with concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns. A typical finite element analysis (FEA) model of a 12-story building was established by using ABAQUS. The shell elements were used to simulate the slab, and all of the steel beams and CFST columns were simulated by the beam elements incorporating nonlinear material and geometric, respectively. Nonlinear dynamic analysis was carried out for the sudden loss of columns for different scenarios of column removal, and the capacity of progressive collapse resistance of the 3-D composite frame and other components internal force around the removed column were investigated.
Lean Duplex Stainless Steel Tubular Members Strengthened with CFRP Plate Subjected to Web Crippling
Authors: Islam S. M. Zahurul , Young Ben
Published: June 2012

Lean duplex stainless steel tubular members are relatively new grade of material. An experimental investigation of lean duplex stainless steel tubular members subjected to web crippling is presented in this paper. The test specimens were strengthened with adhesive bonded carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP). The web crippling tests were conducted under End-Two-Flange, Interior-Two-Flange, End-One-Flange and Interior-One-Flange loading conditions. A total of 38 web crippling tests was conducted. The investigation was mainly focused on the effects of web slenderness of lean duplex stainless steel tubular sections on CFRP strengthening against web crippling. The lean duplex stainless steel type EN 1.4162 was used in the investigation. The tests were performed on five different sizes of square and rectangular hollow sections that covered a wide range of web slenderness ratio from 8.1 to 57.0. Three different failure modes were observed in the tests of the strengthened specimens, namely the adhesion, interlaminar failure of CFRP plate and combination of adhesion and interlaminar failure of CFRP plate. It is shown that the web crippling strength of lean duplex stainless steel tubular members may increase up to 76% due to the strengthening of CFRP.
Flexural Fatigue Performance of RC Beams Strengthened with Hybrid Fiber Sheets
Authors: Chen Xu Jun , Zhu Xiao E , Yang Zhong , Dai Mu Xiang
Published: June 2012

Based on the fatigue test for flexural performance of five reinforced concrete beams, the variation characteristics of the crack development, concrete strain, steel strain, fiber strain with the cycle number of the fatigue load were analyzed, and the effect of hybrid fiber sheets and basalt fiber reinforced polymer(BFRP)sheets on flexural fatigue performance of the strengthened beam was studied. The results show that the accumulated damage of RC beams strengthened with hybrid fiber sheets was slowed down significantly, the anti-crack property was much improved, and the fatigue life was greatly prolonged. Compared with the ordinary RC beam and the RC beam strengthened with double BFRP sheets, the fatigue life of RC beams strengthened with hybrid CFRP/BFRP(C/BFRP) sheets and hybrid CFRP/GFRP(C/GFRP) sheets was increased by 291.26%, 298.63% and 10.73%, 13.53%.
Study on Formulation of PU Resin for Pipeline Lining Rehabilitation Technology
Authors: Zhang Shu Jie , Wang Rui , Ma Chong Qi , Yin Xiang Zhi , Yan Dan
Published: June 2012

The mixture ratio between host crystal and curing agent of PU resin was calculated adopting the particle reaction principle based on the same equivalent weight, the results show that the mixture ratio between host crystal and curing agent of PU resin is 100:20～26; then through the analysis of DSC cures, viscosity-temperature cures, viscosity-time cures and the gelatin time under 25°C, the best mixture ratio of 100:20 was confirmed whose curing process and viscosity can well meet the requirements of the pipeline lining rehabilitation technology; in order to test and verify its operational performance, the adhesive strength between the resin and the pipeline wall was simulated and tested, the results show that the adhesive strength of the resin whose mixture ratio is 100:20 is high, that can meet the requirements of the pipeline lining rehabilitation technology.
Research on the Renovation and Re-Use Design of Historic Buildings
Authors: Xu Yun Hao
Published: June 2012

The paper analyses the design practice activities of protecting, changing and reusing the domestic and overseas historic buildings in origin. It analyzes the method of changing and reusing historic buildings by using specific cases: Beijing 798 Factory, Wuxi North Door Art Center, and the National Industry and Commerce Museum. Finally, it proposes that historic buildings should be changed and reused by sustainable and reasonable ways according to the cultural values, building features of themselves, and the city demands.
Displacement Based Approach for the Seismic Retrofitting of a RC Existing Building Designed for only Gravitational Loads
Authors: Cancellara Donato , de Angelis Fabio , Pasquino Vittorio
Published: June 2012

The present paper deals with the evaluation of the level of seismic vulnerability of a Reinforced Concrete (RC) building by using a Displacement Based Approach (DBA), in the context of a performance methodology, and by adopting the N-2 method, according to Italian seismic code NTC 2008. The RC building is located in Southern Italy in an area classified as high seismicity zone and designed, in the past, only for gravitational loads. During the evaluation phase the effect of masonry infills is considered by modeling with a non linear analysis all the panels considered in effective interaction with the structural frame. It is highlighted that in the examined case the masonry infills determine a worsening of the seismic behavior of the existing structure. So that it is illusory that by neglecting these panels a general beneficial effect would be obtained. Moreover in such case the neglect of these panels would have guided to a retrofitting strategy which is completely different and would have not answered to the real needs of the structure. The correct evaluation of the seismic response is finalized to the seismic retrofitting by using a traditional strategy, designed through a displacement based approach, for reducing the displacement demand on the existing structure. The adopted retrofitting strategy is represented by steel braces with steel reinforcement elements for the columns. In the non linear model for these elements it has been considered their confinement action for the reinforced concrete columns. The vulnerability level of the structure and the Safety Factor (SF), defined as the ratio between the displacement capacity and the displacement demand, is calculated for the building before and after the seismic retrofitting.
Behaviors of Void Slab with GFRP Reinforcement
Authors: Kim Seung Hun
Published: June 2012

Use of hollow material in slab can reduce self-weight and deflection than solid slab with GFRP reinforcement. In this study, bending tests were carried out to evaluate the bending performance of void slabs with GFRP reinforcements. Test results showed that bearing capacity at the compression zone seriously affected the ultimate bending strength of void flexural members. For a design of the void flexural members with GFRP bars, it needs to use the higher concrete strength and to arrange the void foams considering of the crushing failure and distribution of strains and stresses.
Design Method and Research of Adding Layers and Reinforcement of a Steel Structure
Authors: Wang Song Yan , Du Cheng Cheng , Zhu Jie
Published: June 2012

Due to the particularity, the reinforcement and reconstruction of steel structures should adopt a unique way. Combined with practical engineering, this paper introduces the program of Laizhou department store building reinforcement project. According to the specific requirements of the reinforcement and reconstruction, we analyze the original structure, introduce structure designs of the adding three layers as well as the reinforcement of bottom two layers, which makes construction more convenient and faster, and achieves the purpose of economic and appliance. The reinforcement of steel columns decide the period and cost. This paper expounds the reinforcement method of steel columns, and obtains the force of the bolt through the finite element analysis.
Constant Amplitude Fatigue Calculative Method of Welded Hollow Spherical Joint with Cross-Board in Steel Plate-Type Grid Structure
Authors: Jiao Jin Feng , Lei Hong Gang , Wu Han , Liu Yong
Published: June 2012

The fatigue of grid structures with welded hollow spherical joint under suspending cranes is an issue in both academic and engineering fields at home and abroad. The structural fatigue is mainly caused by the fatigue failure of welded hollow spherical joint with cross-board. In this paper, 16 specimens categorized in KQ-4、KQ-5 and KQ-7were tested stably and efficiently under constant amplitude stress by use of self-designed loading equipment. The testing results show that the form and mechanism of fatigue failure were clarified elementarily. A fatigue curve of welded hollow spherical joint with cross-board, S-N curve, was suggested in this paper based on the statistic regression analysis of the 16 testing results. The constant amplitude fatigue calculation method was established for welded hollow spherical joint with cross-board in grid structure with welded hollow spherical joint by use of allowable stress amplitude method.
Seismic Performance of Masonry Buildings Retrofitted by Pre-Cast RC Panels
Authors: Wang Tao , Chen Xi , Li Wen Feng , Miao Qi Song
Published: June 2012

Proposed in this study is a retrofitting technology that can be applied on exiting masonry buildings. It employs pre-cast reinforced concrete panels to confine existing masonry structure. The pre-cast members constitute a frame which encomprises the existing building. The confinement effectively improves the ductility, strength, and stiffenss of masonry structures. Moreover, the reinforced concrete panels are fabricated in factory, significantly reduces the situ construction and construction period. To demonstrate the design theory, construction organization, and seismic performance of the retrofitted structure, a full-scale structure was tested physically. Pseudo-dynamic testing results indicate the feasibilty and effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting technology.
Load-Deflection Analysis of RC Beams Strengthened with External CFRP Sheets
Authors: Lin Xin Yan , Li Yan , Yan Zhang
Published: June 2012

Abstract. This paper is dedicated to the load-deflection analysis of RC beams strengthened with external CFRP sheets. A theoretical nonlinear model, based on slip and bond stresses, is described and adopted for the deformability predicition of beams. The model allows considering the bond-slip relationships both between concrete and steel bar and between concrete and CFRP. Comparisons between the simulated midspan deflection and that of experiment indicate that the proposed nonlinear model is able to predict the deformability behavior of RC beams strengthened with external CFRP sheets.