bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Multiscale Methods in the Stock Markets for Detrended Cross-correlation Analysis and Cross-sample Entropy
Authors: Yin Yi , Shang Pengjian
Published: July 2014

In this paper, we employ multiscale cross-sample entropy (MSCE), multiscale detrended cross-correlation analysis (MSDCCA) and DCCA cross-correlation coefficient (σDCCA) measurement to investigate the relationship between time series among different stock markets. We report the results of synchronism and cross-correlation behaviors in US and Chinese stock markets by these three methods. It can be concluded that the MSCE analysis point out the similarity on the cross-correlation among the stock markets while the MSCE makes it difficult to distinguish the indices in the same region and identify the difference and uniqueness of stock markets. However, both the MSDCCA analysis and σDCCA analysis reflect the similarity and uniqueness on the cross-correlation behaviors and reach the consistency. Furthermore, MSDCCA gives detailed multiscale cross-correlation structures and show some new interesting characteristics and conclusions, while the multiscale analysis by σDCCA provides a large amount of information on the cross-correlations and quantifies the level of cross-correlation more clearly and intuitively. MSDCCA and σDCCA methods may be more proper measures for the investigation of the cross-correlation between time series. We believe that such researches are relevant for a better understanding of the stock market mechanisms, and may lead to a better forecasting of the stock indices.
Quadratic algebra contractions and second-order superintegrable systems
Authors: Kalnins Ernest G. , Miller W.
Published: July 2014

Quadratic algebras are generalizations of Lie algebras; they include the symmetry algebras of second-order superintegrable systems in two dimensions as special cases. The superintegrable systems are exactly solvable physical systems in classical and quantum mechanics. For constant curvature spaces, we show that the free quadratic algebras generated by the first- and second-order elements in the enveloping algebras of their Euclidean and orthogonal symmetry algebras correspond one-to-one with the possible superintegrable systems with potential defined on these spaces. We describe a contraction theory for quadratic algebras and show that for constant curvature superintegrable systems, ordinary Lie algebra contractions induce contractions of the quadratic algebras of the superintegrable systems that correspond to geometrical pointwise limits of the physical systems. One consequence is that by contracting function space realizations of representations of the generic superintegrable quantum system on the 2-sphere (which give the structure equations for Racah/Wilson polynomials) to the other superintegrable systems one obtains the full Askey scheme of orthogonal hypergeometric polynomials.
Economic Order Quantity Model with Innovation Diffusion Criterion under Influence of Price-Dependent Potential Market Size
Authors: Aggarwal K. K. , Kumar Alok
Published: July 2014

In last few decades various models developed under inventory control section whether of probabilistic or deterministic nature did not consider the effect of marketing parameters. The marketing parameters especially associated with innovation diffusion theory make the inventory models more realistic. In this paper, an inventory model has been proposed based on the explicit assumptions of interaction of marketing parameters to the optimal inventory replenishment policy. A time-dependent innovation driven demand has been incorporated in the basic economic order quantity (EOQ) model to know the realistic features of the model. This model assumes that potential market size is dynamic over time and is dependent on the price of the product. The model is illustrated with a numerical example and to know the effectiveness of the model a sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to different parameters has been performed.
Evaluation of Core and Symbolic Capabilities During Due-Diligence Processes in New Biotechnology Firms
Authors: Klein Galit
Published: July 2014

This study discusses the role of core and symbolic capabilities during due-diligence processes when investing in companies in turbulent fields such as the biotechnology industry. The results indicate that investors' evaluations are hierarchical and are based on two premises. First, investors look for core capabilities — the characteristics that signal the potential for future success. They then search for symbolic elements, such as reputation, to confirm their decisions. The study expands earlier models of investors' evaluation processes. It also offers new insights for entrepreneurs of biotechnology firms.
Enabling Ontology Based Semantic Queries in Biomedical Database Systems
Authors: Zheng Shuai , Wang Fusheng , Lu James
Published: July 2014

There is a lack of tools to ease the integration and ontology based semantic queries in biomedical databases, which are often annotated with ontology concepts. We aim to provide a middle layer between ontology repositories and semantically annotated databases to support semantic queries directly in the databases with expressive standard database query languages. We have developed a semantic query engine that provides semantic reasoning and query processing, and translates the queries into ontology repository operations on NCBO BioPortal. Semantic operators are implemented in the database as user defined functions extended to the database engine, thus semantic queries can be directly specified in standard database query languages such as SQL and XQuery. The system provides caching management to boosts query performance. The system is highly adaptable to support different ontologies through easy customizations. We have implemented the system DBOntoLink as an open source software, which supports major ontologies hosted at BioPortal. DBOntoLink supports a set of common ontology based semantic operations and have them fully integrated with a database management system IBM DB2. The system has been deployed and evaluated with an existing biomedical database for managing and querying image annotations and markups (AIM). Our performance study demonstrates the high expressiveness of semantic queries and the high efficiency of the queries.
Topic Models: A Tutorial with R
Authors: Richardson G. Manning , Bowers Janet , Woodill A. John , Barr Joseph R. , Gawron Jean Mark , Levine Richard A.
Published: July 2014

This tutorial presents topic models for organizing and comparing documents. The technique and corresponding discussion focuses on analysis of short text documents, particularly micro-blogs. However, the base topic model and R implementation are generally applicable to text analytics of document databases.
Slicing a 2-sphere
Authors: Liokumovich Yevgeny
Published: July 2014

We show that for every complete Riemannian surface M diffeomorphic to a sphere with k ≥ 0 holes, there exists a Morse function f : M → ℝ, which is constant on each connected component of the boundary of M and has fibers of length no more than [Formula: see text]. We also show that on every 2-sphere there exists a simple closed curve of length [Formula: see text] subdividing the sphere into two discs of area [Formula: see text].
Highly Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Potential Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Atabaev Timur Sh. , Urmanova Gulnoza , Hong Nguyen Hoa
Published: July 2014

There is an increasing interest in the use of silica nanoparticles (NPs) for bioapplications. Highly mesoporous fluorescein dye-doped silica NPs that can carry a drug payload have been successfully synthesized through a facile microemulsion process. The morphology of the as-prepared silica NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, whereas their optical properties were studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results revealed that these silica NPs exhibit excellent properties, including large pore volume, a narrow size distribution and strong fluorescent properties. The synthesized silica NPs showed a good biocompatibility and a low cytotoxicity when incubated in a murine fibroblast L-929 cell line. The obtained silica NPs were further used as drug delivery carriers to investigate the in vitro drug release properties using doxorubicin (DOX) as a representative drug model. It was shown that synthesized silica NPs well sustained drug release properties, suggesting their potential applications for drug delivery.
A Taxonomy and Survey of Microscopic Mobility Models from the Mobile Networking Domain
Authors: Treurniet Joanne
Published: July 2014

A mobility model is used to generate the trajectories of mobile nodes in simulations when developing new algorithms for mobile networks. A model must realistically reflect the scenario in which the technology will be used to reliably validate the algorithm. Considerable progress has been made toward realistic mobility models in the academic literature, and models have become quite complex. A consistent taxonomy has not yet been established for this field. A new multifaceted taxonomy is presented in this work that provides a framework for authors to clearly and consistently describe their models, making them easier to understand and reproduce. By surveying the application field of mobile communication networks, a common nomenclature and a high-level view of existing literature are provided, which are required to reduce duplication of effort and to enable a better sense of the way forward. A tactical scenario demonstrates the application of the taxonomy to model construction.
Research on Wideband Differential-Mode Current Injection Testing Technique Based on Directional Coupling Device
Authors: Pan Xiaodong , Wei Guanghui , Lu Xinfu , Fan Lisi , Zhou Xing
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a new kind of differential-mode current injection test method. The equal response voltage on the cable or the antenna port of the equipment under test (EUT) is regarded as equivalent principle for radiation and injection test. The injection and radiation response analysis model and the injection voltage source extrapolation model in high intensity radiated field are established. The conditions of using differential-mode current injection as a substitute for radiation are confirmed. On the basis of the theoretical analysis, the function and structure design scheme of the directional coupling device is proposed. The implementation techniques for the single differential-mode current injection method (SDMCI) and the double differential-mode current injection method (DDMCI) are discussed in detail. The typical nonlinear response interconnected systems are selected as the EUT. The test results verify the validity of the SDMCI and DDMCI test methods.
A Community-Based Walk-In Screening of Depression in Taiwan
Authors: Tai Shu-Yu , Ma Tzu-Chiao , Wang Ling-Chun , Yang Yuan-Han
Published: July 2014

Depression is a crucial public health problem because of its relatively high association with suicidal attempts, prolonged social isolation, poor physical health, and dementia. However, the available data and study on the prevalence of depression in Taiwan were mostly completed within the previous 1 to 2 decades, and these studies were limited to certain areas or populations. Little is known regarding the current status of depression in Taiwan. We used a brief tool, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), to screen depression in 4 areas among the general and aged population. The results showed a higher CES-D score in the southern area among general (mean ± SD: 7.8 ± 8.4) or aged participants (mean ± SD: 7.2 ± 8.0) compared with other areas. The ratio of suspected depression patients was 16.4% of all recruited participants and 13.3% of aged participants. These results may provide information for this public health issue.
Biotemplated Synthesis of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles via Lignocellulosic Waste Material
Authors: Ramimoghadam Donya , Bagheri Samira , Abd Hamid Sharifah Bee
Published: July 2014

Anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) were synthesized by sol-gel method using rice straw as a soft biotemplate. Rice straw, as a lignocellulosic waste material, is a biomass feedstock which is globally produced in high rate and could be utilized in an innovative approach to manufacture a value-added product. Rice straw as a reliable biotemplate has been used in the sol-gel method to synthesize ultrasmall sizes of TiO2-NPs with high potential application in photocatalysis. The physicochemical properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles were investigated by a number of techniques such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultraviolet visible spectra (UV-Vis), and surface area and pore size analysis. All results consensually confirmed that particle sizes of synthesized titanium dioxide were template-dependent, representing decrease in the nanoparticles sizes with increase of biotemplate concentration. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles as small as 13.0 ± 3.3 nm were obtained under our experimental conditions. Additionally, surface area and porosity of synthesized TiO2-NPs have been enhanced by increasing rice straw amount which results in surface modification of nanoparticles and potential application in photocatalysis.
Transmissive/Reflective Structural Color Filters: Theory and Applications
Authors: Yu Yan , Wen Long , Song Shichao , Chen Qin
Published: July 2014

Structural color filters, which obtain color selection by varying structures, have attracted extensive research interest in recent years due to the advantages of compactness, stability, multifunctions, and so on. In general, the mechanisms of structural colors are based on the interaction between light and structures, including light diffraction, cavity resonance, and surface plasmon resonance. This paper reviews recent progress of various structural color techniques and the integration applications of structural color filters in CMOS image sensors, solar cells, and display.
MRI in Diagnosis of a Giant Prostatic Utricle
Authors: Johnson Dustin , Parikh Kushal , Schey William , Mar Winnie
Published: July 2014

A prostatic utricle cyst is an epithelial lined diverticulum arising from the prostatic urethra and usually asymptomatic when small. When enlarged, it may be symptomatic and is typically accompanied by hypospadias. We present a case of a markedly enlarged prostatic utricle in a neonate without hypospadias, demonstrated on voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), ultrasound, and 1.5 Tesla MRI.
Imaging and Markers as Novel Diagnostic Tools in Detecting Insignificant Prostate Cancer: A Critical Overview
Authors: Reva Sergey , Nosov Alexander , Novikov Roman , Petrov Sergey
Published: July 2014

Recent therapeutic advances for managing low-risk prostate cancer include the active surveillance and focal treatment. However, locating a tumor and detecting its volume by adequate sampling is still problematic. Development of predictive biomarkers guiding individual therapeutic choices remains an ongoing challenge. At the same time, prostate cancer magnetic resonance imaging is gaining increasing importance for prostate diagnostics. The high morphological resolution of T2-weighted imaging and functional MRI methods may increase the specificity and sensitivity of diagnostics. Also, recent studies founded an ability of novel biomarkers to identify clinically insignificant prostate cancer, risk of progression, and association with poor differentiation and, therefore, with clinical significance. Probably, the above mentioned methods would improve tumor characterization in terms of its volume, aggressiveness, and focality. In this review, we attempted to evaluate the applications of novel imaging techniques and biomarkers in assessing the significance of the prostate cancer.
IN-MACA-MCC: Integrated Multiple Attractor Cellular Automata with Modified Clonal Classifier for Human Protein Coding and Promoter Prediction
Authors: Pokkuluri Kiran Sree , Inampudi Ramesh Babu , Nedunuri S. S. S. N. Usha Devi
Published: July 2014

Protein coding and promoter region predictions are very important challenges of bioinformatics (Attwood and Teresa, 2000). The identification of these regions plays a crucial role in understanding the genes. Many novel computational and mathematical methods are introduced as well as existing methods that are getting refined for predicting both of the regions separately; still there is a scope for improvement. We propose a classifier that is built with MACA (multiple attractor cellular automata) and MCC (modified clonal classifier) to predict both regions with a single classifier. The proposed classifier is trained and tested with Fickett and Tung (1992) datasets for protein coding region prediction for DNA sequences of lengths 54, 108, and 162. This classifier is trained and tested with MMCRI datasets for protein coding region prediction for DNA sequences of lengths 252 and 354. The proposed classifier is trained and tested with promoter sequences from DBTSS (Yamashita et al., 2006) dataset and nonpromoters from EID (Saxonov et al., 2000) and UTRdb (Pesole et al., 2002) datasets. The proposed model can predict both regions with an average accuracy of 90.5% for promoter and 89.6% for protein coding region predictions. The specificity and sensitivity values of promoter and protein coding region predictions are 0.89 and 0.92, respectively.
Variations in Rectal Volumes and Dosimetry Values Including NTCP due to Interfractional Variability When Administering 2D-Based IG-IMRT for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hanada Takashi , Shiraishi Yutaka , Ohashi Toshio , Fukada Junichi , Tanaka Tomoki , Yorozu Atsunori , Shigematsu Naoyuki
Published: July 2014

We estimated variations in rectal volumes and dosimetry values including NTCP with interfractional motion during prostate IG-IMRT. Rectal volumes, DVH parameters, and NTCPs of 20 patients were analyzed. For this patient population, the median (range) volume on the initial plan for the rectum was 45.6 cc (31.3–82.0), showing on-treatment spread around the initial prediction based on the initial plan. DVH parameters of on-treatment CBCT analyses showed systematic regularity shift from the prediction based on the initial plan. Using the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman model, NTCPs of predicted late rectal bleeding toxicity of rectal grade ≥ 2 (RTOG) and the QUANTEC update rectal toxicity for the prediction based on the initial plan were 0.09% (0.02–0.24) and 0.02% (0.00–0.07), respectively, with NTCPs from on-treatment CBCT analyses being 0.35% (0.01–6.16) and 0.12% (0.00–4.11), respectively. Using the relative seriality model, for grade ≥ 2 bleeding rectal toxicity, NTCP of the prediction based on the initial plan was 0.64% (0.15–1.22) versus 1.48% (0.18–7.66) for on-treatment CBCT analysis. Interfraction variations in rectal volumes occur in all patients due to physiological changes. Thus, rectal assessment during 2D-based IG-IMRT using NTCP models has the potential to provide useful and practical dosimetric verification.
Thyroid-Like Follicular Carcinoma of the Kidney in a Young Patient with History of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Wu William W. , Chu Julia T. , Nael Ali , Rezk Sherif A. , Romansky Stephen G. , Shane Lisa
Published: July 2014

Thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney (TLFCK) is a rare histological variant of renal cell carcinoma not currently included in the World Health Organization classification of renal tumors. Only 24 previous cases of TLFCK have been reported to date. We report a case of TLFCK in a 19-year-old woman with history of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This patient is the youngest with TLFCK to be reported to date and the first with history of lymphoblastic leukemia. The development of TLFCK in a young patient with history of lymphoblastic leukemia is interesting and suggests that genes involved in leukemogenesis may also be important for TLFCK pathogenesis. Recognition of TLFCK is important to distinguish it from other conditions that show thyroid-like features, as a misdiagnosis can result in adverse patient care.
The Secretome of Bone Marrow and Wharton Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth in SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Pires Ana O. , Neves-Carvalho Andreia , Sousa Nuno , Salgado António J.
Published: July 2014

The goal of this study was to determine and compare the effects of the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from human bone-marrow (BMSCs) and the Wharton jelly surrounding the vein and arteries of the umbilical cord (human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs)) on the survival and differentiation of a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). For this purpose, SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated with conditioned media (CM) from the MSCs populations referred above. Retinoic acid cultured cells were used as control for neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells viability assessment revealed that the secretome of BMSCs and HUCPVCs, in the form of CM, was able to induce their survival. Moreover, immunocytochemical experiments showed that CM from both MSCs was capable of inducing neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, neurite lengths assessment and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that CM from BMSCs and HUCPVCs differently induced neurite outgrowth and mRNA levels of neuronal markers exhibited by SH-SY5Y cells. Overall, our results show that the secretome of both BMSCs and HUCPVCs was capable of supporting SH-SY5Y cells survival and promoting their differentiation towards a neuronal phenotype.
An Efficient Approach to Obtain Optimal Load Factors for Structural Design
Authors: Bojórquez Juan , Ruiz Sonia E.
Published: July 2014

An efficient optimization approach is described to calibrate load factors used for designing of structures. The load factors are calibrated so that the structural reliability index is as close as possible to a target reliability value. The optimization procedure is applied to find optimal load factors for designing of structures in accordance with the new version of the Mexico City Building Code (RCDF). For this aim, the combination of factors corresponding to dead load plus live load is considered. The optimal combination is based on a parametric numerical analysis of several reinforced concrete elements, which are designed using different load factor values. The Monte Carlo simulation technique is used. The formulation is applied to different failure modes: flexure, shear, torsion, and compression plus bending of short and slender reinforced concrete elements. Finally, the structural reliability corresponding to the optimal load combination proposed here is compared with that corresponding to the load combination recommended by the current Mexico City Building Code.
Identification of Modules Related to Programmed Cell Death in CHD Based on EHEN
Authors: Jia Xu , Li Wan , Miao Zhengqiang , Feng Chenchen , Liu Zhe , He Yuehan , Lv Junjie , Du Youwen , Hou Min , He Weiming , Li Danbin , Chen Lina
Published: July 2014

The formation and death of macrophages and foam cells are one of the major factors that cause coronary heart disease (CHD). In our study, based on the Edinburgh Human Metabolic Network (EHMN) metabolic network, we built an enzyme network which was constructed by enzymes (nodes) and reactions (edges) called the Edinburgh Human Enzyme Network (EHEN). By integrating the subcellular location information for the reactions and refining the protein-reaction relationships based on the location information, we proposed a computational approach to select modules related to programmed cell death. The identified module was in the EHEN-mitochondria (EHEN-M) and was confirmed to be related to programmed cell death, CHD pathogenesis, and lipid metabolism in the literature. We expected this method could analyze CHD better and more comprehensively from the point of programmed cell death in subnetworks.
Effect of Zirconium Oxide Nanofiller and Dibutyl Phthalate Plasticizer on Ionic Conductivity and Optical Properties of Solid Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Yasin Siti Mariah Mohd , Ibrahim Suriani , Johan Mohd Rafie
Published: July 2014

New solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) doped with lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) plasticizer, and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles were prepared by solution-casting technique. The conductivity was enhanced by addition of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) plasticizer and ZrO2nanofiller with maximum conductivity(1.38×10-4 Scm-1). The absorption edge and band gap values showed decreases upon addition of LiSO3CF3, DBP, and ZrO2due to the formation of localized states in the SPE and the degree of disorder in the films increased.
UVA-UVB Photoprotective Activity of Topical Formulations ContainingMorinda citrifoliaExtract
Authors: Serafini Mairim Russo , Detoni Cassia Britto , Menezes Paula dos Passos , Pereira Filho Rose Nely , Fortes Vanessa Silveira , Vieira Maria José Fonseca , Guterres Sílvia Stanisçuaski , de Albuquerque Junior Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti , Araújo Adriano Antunes de Souza
Published: July 2014

Exposure to solar radiation, particularly its ultraviolet (UV) component, has a variety of harmful effects on human health. Some of these effects include sunburn cell formations, basal and squamous cell cancers, melanoma, cataracts, photoaging of the skin, and immune suppression. The beneficial photoprotective effects of topical formulations with the extract,Morinda citrifolia, have not been investigated. This present study aims to investigate the potential benefits ofM. citrifoliatopical application on the dorsal skin of mice, exposed to UVA-UVB light. Using 7 days of treatment, [before (baseline values) and 20 h after UV exposure], the thickness, skin barrier damage (TEWL), erythema, and histological alterations were evaluated. The results showed that the formulations containing the extract protected the skin against UV-induced damage.
Ectopic 3rd Molar Tooth in the Maxillary Antrum
Authors: Bello Seidu A. , Oketade Ifeoluwa O. , Osunde Otasowie D.
Published: July 2014

Location of ectopic tooth in a nondentate area like the maxillary antrum is rare. A 17-year-old boy, with one year history of recurrent right facial swelling and radiographic finding of a maxillary third molar tooth located at the posterior wall of the maxillary antrum, is presented. Under endotracheal intubation, the tooth was extracted through a Caldwell-Luc antrostomy approach and patient had an uneventful recovery and has been symptom free for eight months. Ectopic tooth in the maxillary antrum is rare and is commonest with maxillary third molar. It may be symptomless but is more commonly associated with inflammatory symptoms. The treatment of choice is surgical excision which is mostly carried out with Caldwell-Luc approach, even though endoscopic approach is being reported.
Biological Effect of Gas Plasma Treatment on CO2 Gas Foaming/Salt Leaching Fabricated Porous Polycaprolactone Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Bak Tae-Yeong , Kook Min-Suk , Jung Sang-Chul , Kim Byung-Hoon
Published: July 2014

Porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated by using the CO2 gas foaming/salt leaching process and then PCL scaffolds surface was treated by oxygen or nitrogen gas plasma in order to enhance the cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. The PCL and NaCl were mixed in the ratios of 3 : 1. The supercritical CO2 gas foaming process was carried out by solubilizing CO2 within samples at 50°C and 8 MPa for 6 hr and depressurization rate was 0.4 MPa/s. The oxygen or nitrogen plasma treated porous PCL scaffolds were prepared at discharge power 100 W and 10 mTorr for 60 s. The mean pore size of porous PCL scaffolds showed 427.89 μm. The gas plasma treated porous PCL scaffolds surface showed hydrophilic property and the enhanced adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 cells comparing to untreated porous PCL scaffolds. The PCL scaffolds produced from the gas foaming/salt leaching and plasma surface treatment are suitable for potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
Experimental Study on Early-Age Crack of Mass Concrete under the Controlled Temperature History
Authors: Shi Nannan , Ouyang Jianshu , Zhang Runxiao , Huang Dahai
Published: July 2014

Thermal deformation under restrained conditions often leads to early-age cracking and durability problems in mass concrete structures. It is crucial to monitor accurately the evolution of temperature and thermal stresses. In this paper, experimental studies using temperature stress testing machine (TSTM) are carried out to monitor the generated thermal cracking in mass concrete. Firstly, components and working principle of TSTM were introduced. Cracking temperatures and stress reserves are selected as the main cracking evaluation indicators of TSTM. Furthermore, effects of temperature controlling measures on concrete cracking were quantitatively studied, which consider the concrete placing temperature (before cooling) and cooling rates (after cooling). Moreover, the influence of reinforcement on early-age cracking has been quantitatively analyzed using the TSTM. The experimental results indicate that the crack probability of reinforced concrete (RC) is overestimated. Theoretical calculations proved that the internal stress can transfer from concrete to reinforcement due to creep effect. Finally, the experimental results indicate that the reinforcement can improve the crack resistance of concrete by nearly 30% in the TSTM tests, and the ultimate tensile strain of RC is approximately 105% higher than that of plain concrete with the same mix proportions.
Sensoric Protection after Median Nerve Injury: Babysitter-Procedure Prevents Muscular Atrophy and Improves Neuronal Recovery
Authors: Beck-Broichsitter Benedicta E. , Becker Stephan T. , Lamia Androniki , Fregnan Federica , Geuna Stefano , Sinis Nektarios
Published: July 2014

The babysitter-procedure might offer an alternative when nerve reconstruction is delayed in order to overcome muscular atrophy due to denervation. In this study we aimed to show that a sensomotoric babysitter-procedure after median nerve injury is capable of preserving irreversible muscular atrophy. The median nerve of 20 female Wistar rats was denervated. 10 animals received a sensory protection with the N. cutaneous brachii. After six weeks the median nerve was reconstructed by autologous nerve grafting from the contralateral median nerve in the babysitter and the control groups. Grasping tests measured functional recovery over 15 weeks. At the end of the observation period the weight of the flexor digitorum sublimis muscle was determined. The median nerve was excised for histological examinations. Muscle weight (P<0.0001) was significantly superior in the babysitter group compared to the control group at the end of the study. The histological evaluation revealed a significantly higher diameter of axons (P=0.0194), nerve fiber (P=0.0409), and nerve surface (P=0.0184) in the babysitter group. We conclude that sensory protection of a motor nerve is capable of preserving muscule weight and we may presume that metabolism of the sensory nerve was sufficient to keep the target muscle’s weight and vitality.
Physiological and Biochemical Changes inBrassica junceaPlants under Cd-Induced Stress
Authors: Kapoor Dhriti , Kaur Satwinderjeet , Bhardwaj Renu
Published: July 2014

Plants ofBrassica junceaL. var. RLC-1 were exposed for 30 days to different concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mM) of cadmium (Cd) to analyze the Cd uptake, H2O2content, hormonal profiling, level of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid, and flavonoid), gaseous exchange parameters (photosynthetic rate, vapour pressure deficit, intercellular CO2concentration, and intrinsic mesophyll rate), antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, glutathione-S transferase, and glutathione peroxidase), antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, and total phenolic content), and polyphenols. Results of the present study revealed the increased H2O2content and Cd uptake with increasing metal doses. UPLC analysis of plants showed the presence of various polyphenols. Gaseous exchange measurements were done by infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), which was negatively affected by metal treatment. In addition, LC/MS study showed the variation in the expression of plant hormones. Level of photosynthetic pigments and activities of antioxidative enzymes were altered significantly in response to metal treatment. In conclusion, the antioxidative defence system of plants got activated due to heavy metal stress, which protects the plants by scavenging free radicals.
Electromagnetic Wave Shielding Effectiveness Based on Carbon Microcoil‐Polyurethane Composites
Authors: Kang Gi-Hwan , Kim Sung-Hoon
Published: July 2014

Carbon microcoils (CMCs) were deposited onto Al2O3 substrates using C2H2/H2 as source gases and SF6 as an incorporated additive gas in a thermal chemical vapor deposition system. CMC‐polyurethane (PU) composites were obtained by dispersing the CMCs in the PU with a dimethylformamide additive. The electromagnetic wave shielding properties of the CMC‐PU composites were examined in the frequency range of 0.25–1.5 GHz. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of the CMCs‐PU systematically increases with increasing the content of CMCs and/or the layer thickness. Based on these results, the main SE mechanism for this work was suggested and discussed.
Stability of Positively Charged Nanoemulsion Formulation Containing Steroidal Drug for Effective Transdermal Application
Authors: Da Costa Stephanie , Basri Mahiran , Shamsudin Norashikin , Basri Hamidon
Published: July 2014

This paper emphasizes the formation of a positively charged nanoemulsion system for steroid drugs (hydrocortisone). It is believed that positively charged nanoemulsion provides more effective penetration of the skin. Therefore in our study we focused on the incorporation of phytosphingosine which serves as a positively charged cosurfactant in the nanoemulsion system. Negatively charged nanoemulsions were formulated mainly for comparison. Freshly prepared formulations were formed with particle size less than 300 nm and showed good stability over time. The oil-in-water nanoemulsion also showed good viscosity, conductivity, and pH values. From TEM micrograph, particle size showed consistent results with the measurement using photon correlation spectroscopy. It was concluded that both positively and negatively charged nanoemulsions showed good stability and have great potential in transdermal delivery system. Though, further investigation of the drug release and drug penetration of both positively and negatively charged nanoemulsions will be studied to further prove the efficacy of nanoemulsion with hydrocortisone as a delivery system for dermal application.
MIMO-Based Forward-Looking SAR Imaging Algorithm and Simulation
Authors: Meng Ziqiang , Li Yachao , Zhu Shengqi , Quan Yinghui , Xing Mengdao , Bao Zheng
Published: July 2014

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar imaging can provide higher resolution and better sensitivity and thus can be applied to targets detection, recognition, and tracking. Missile-borne forward-looking SAR (MFL-SAR) is a new and special MIMO radar mode. It has advantage of two-dimensional (2D) imaging capability in forward direction over monostatic missile-borne SAR and airborne SAR. However, it is difficult to obtain accurate 2D frequency spectrum of the target echo signal due to the high velocity and descending height of this platform, which brings a lot of obstacles to imaging algorithm design. Therefore, a new imaging algorithm for MFL-SAR configuration based on the method of series reversion is proposed in this paper. This imaging method can implement range compression, secondary range compression (SRC), and range cell migration correction (RCMC) effectively. Finally, some simulations of point targets and comparison results confirm the efficiency of our proposed algorithm.
On the Use of Lie Group Homomorphisms for Treating Similarity Transformations in Nonadiabatic Photochemistry
Authors: Lasorne Benjamin
Published: July 2014

A formulation based on Lie group homomorphisms is presented for simplifying the treatment of unitary similarity transformations of Hamiltonian matrices in nonadiabatic photochemistry. A general derivation is provided whereby it is shown that a similarity transformation acting on a traceless, Hermitian matrix through a unitary matrix ofSU(n)is equivalent to the product of a single matrix ofOn2-1by a real vector. We recall how Pauli matrices are the adequate tool whenn=2and show how the same is achieved forn=3with Gell-Mann matrices.
Assessment Model of Ecoenvironmental Vulnerability Based on Improved Entropy Weight Method
Authors: Zhang Xianqi , Wang Chenbo , Li Enkuan , Xu Cundong
Published: July 2014

Assessment of ecoenvironmental vulnerability plays an important role in the guidance of regional planning, the construction and protection of ecological environment, which requires comprehensive consideration on regional resources, environment, ecology, society and other factors. Based on the driving mechanism and evolution characteristics of ecoenvironmental vulnerability in cold and arid regions of China, a novel evaluation index system on ecoenvironmental vulnerability is proposed in this paper. For the disadvantages of conventional entropy weight method, an improved entropy weight assessment model on ecoenvironmental vulnerability is developed and applied to evaluate the ecoenvironmental vulnerability in western Jilin Province of China. The assessing results indicate that the model is suitable for ecoenvironmental vulnerability assessment, and it shows more reasonable evaluation criterion, more distinct insights and satisfactory results combined with the practical conditions. The model can provide a new method for regional ecoenvironmental vulnerability evaluation.
Novel Psychoactive Substances in Young Adults with and without Psychiatric Comorbidities
Authors: Martinotti Giovanni , Lupi Matteo , Acciavatti Tiziano , Cinosi Eduardo , Santacroce Rita , Signorelli Maria Salvina , Bandini Laura , Lisi Giulia , Quattrone Diego , Ciambrone Paola , Aguglia Andrea , Pinna Federica , Calò Salvatore , Janiri Luigi , di Giannantonio Massimo
Published: July 2014

Objective. Comorbidities between psychiatric diseases and consumption of traditional substances of abuse (alcohol, cannabis, opioids, and cocaine) are common. Nevertheless, there is no data regarding the use of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the psychiatric population. The purpose of this multicentre survey is to investigate the consumption of a wide variety of psychoactive substances in a young psychiatric sample and in a paired sample of healthy subjects.Methods. A questionnaire has been administered, in different Italian cities, to 206 psychiatric patients aged 18 to 26 years and to a sample of 2615 healthy subjects matched for sex, gender, and living status.Results. Alcohol consumption was more frequent in the healthy young population compared to age-matched subjects suffering from mental illness (79.5% versus 70.7%;P<0.003). Conversely, cocaine and NPS use was significantly more common in the psychiatric population (cocaine 8.7% versus 4.6%;P=0.002) (NPS 9.8% versus 3%;P<0.001).Conclusions. The use of novel psychoactive substances in a young psychiatric population appears to be a frequent phenomenon, probably still underestimated. Therefore, careful and constant monitoring and accurate evaluations of possible clinical effects related to their use are necessary.
PLUNC Proteins Positivity in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Passali Desiderio , Sarafoleanu Codrut , Manea Claudiu , Loglisci Michele , Passali Francesco Maria , Cambi Jacopo , Iosif Cristina , Panaitescu Eugenia , Bellussi Luisa Maria
Published: July 2014

Introduction. Innate immunity is the first protection against microorganisms. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in innate immune molecule known as palate, lung, nasal epithelial clone (PLUNC). PLUNC is a specific product of the airways, of approximately 25 kDa, encoded by adjacent genes found within a 300 kb region of chromosome 20; these proteins must be detected predominantly in the upper respiratory tract.Materials and Methods. We performed a case-control study to investigate the presence of this protein in nasal tissue of patients affected by chronic rhinosinusitis. 59 patients were enrolled (44 cases, 15 controls). We have examined the correlation between the presence of pathology and the PLUNC proteins positivity.Results. 100% of controls have a +++ rated PLUNC proteins positivity, while cases have a lower percentage of positivity. We usedχ2statistical test to analyze the results of the study and there is a difference statistically significant between cases and controls in PLUNC proteins positivity.Conclusions. These observations suggest that, in response to agents or chemical factors, nasal mucosal epithelium will react and produce PLUNC proteins. So PLUNC proteins have a protective function on upper airways mucosa, as we can see by evaluating the high positivity in control group.
Nonsurgical Treatment of Two Periapical Lesions with Calcium Hydroxide Using Two Different Vehicles
Authors: Dixit Seema , Dixit Ashutosh , Kumar Pravin
Published: July 2014

Calcium hydroxide is used extensively as an intracanal medicament in endodontics for many years. It is used in various clinical situations such as to promote apexification, to repair perforation, to enhance healing of periapical lesions, to control root resorption, and to control exudation in teeth with persistent periapical inflammation. This paper presents a case report in which Ca(OH)2was used as an intracanal medicament for treatment of periradicular lesions using two different vehicles in two different teeth of same patient.
A Note regarding Problems with Interaction and Varying Block Sizes in a Comparison of Endotracheal Tubes
Authors: Einsporn Richard L. , Jia Zhenyu
Published: July 2014

A randomized clinical experiment to compare two types of endotracheal tubes utilized a block design where each of the six participating anesthesiologists performed tube insertions for an equal number of patients for each type of tube. Five anesthesiologists intubated at least three patients with each tube type, but one anesthesiologist intubated only one patient per tube type. Overall, one type of tube outperformed the other on all three effectiveness measures. However, analysis of the data using an interaction model gave conflicting and misleading results, making the tube with the better performance appear to perform worse. This surprising result was caused by the undue influence of the data for the anesthesiologist who intubated only two patients. We therefore urge caution in interpreting results from interaction models with designs containing small blocks.
Harnessing the Helminth Secretome for Therapeutic Immunomodulators
Authors: Ditgen Dana , Anandarajah Emmanuela M. , Meissner Kamila A. , Brattig Norbert , Wrenger Carsten , Liebau Eva
Published: July 2014

Helminths are the largest and most complex pathogens to invade and live within the human body. Since they are not able to outpace the immune system by rapid antigen variation or faster cell division or retreat into protective niches not accessible to immune effector mechanisms, their long-term survival depends on influencing and regulating the immune responses away from the mode of action most damaging to them. Immunologists have focused on the excretory and secretory products that are released by the helminths, since they can change the host environment by modulating the immune system. Here we give a brief overview of the helminth-associated immune response and the currently available helminth secretome data. We introduce some major secretome-derived immunomodulatory molecules and describe their potential mode of action. Finally, the applicability of helminth-derived therapeutic proteins in the treatment of allergic and autoimmune inflammatory disease is discussed.
Biochemical Assays for the Discovery of TDP1 Inhibitors
Authors: Marchand Christophe , Huang Shar-yin N. , Dexheimer Thomas S. , Lea Wendy A. , Mott Bryan T. , Chergui Adel , Naumova Alena , Stephen Andrew G. , Rosenthal Andrew S. , Rai Ganesha , Murai Junko , Gao Rui , Maloney David J. , Jadhav Ajit , Jorgensen William L. , Simeonov Anton , Pommier Yves
Published: July 2014

Drug screening against novel targets is warranted to generate biochemical probes and new therapeutic drug leads. TDP1 and TDP2 are two DNA repair enzymes that have yet to be successfully targeted. TDP1 repairs topoisomerase I–, alkylation-, and chain terminator–induced DNA damage, whereas TDP2 repairs topoisomerase II–induced DNA damage. Here, we report the quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) of the NIH Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository using recombinant human TDP1. We also developed a secondary screening method using a multiple loading gel-based assay where recombinant TDP1 is replaced by whole cell extract (WCE) from genetically engineered DT40 cells. While developing this assay, we determined the importance of buffer conditions for testing TDP1, and most notably the possible interference of phosphate-based buffers. The high specificity of endogenous TDP1 in WCE allowed the evaluation of a large number of hits with up to 600 samples analyzed per gel via multiple loadings. The increased stringency of the WCE assay eliminated a large fraction of the initial hits collected from the qHTS. Finally, inclusion of a TDP2 counter-screening assay allowed the identification of two novel series of selective TDP1 inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(8); 2116–26. ©2014 AACR.